bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
TOWARDS A MODEL OF HAPPINESS AND QUALITY OF LIFE IN SPANISH SOCIETY
Authors:   University of Castilla-La Mancha (Albacete, Spain), LÓPEZ-RUIZ Víctor-Raúl , HUETE-ALCOCER Nuria ,   University of Castilla-La Mancha (Albacete, Spain), ALFARO-NAVARRO José-Luis ,   University of Castilla-La Mancha (Albacete, Spain), NEVADO-PEÑA Domingo ,   University of Castilla-La Mancha (Albacete, Spain)
Published: December 2021

The pursuit of well-being is the key objective for the whole society, as it leads to the happiness of the individual, becoming a key factor from a social economic perspective. Among the dimensions fixed by social individuals, the place of residence is an essential aspect, since it affects all aspects of their daily life, together with the conditions and work development. In this sense, this study analyzes the degree of satisfaction of Spanish citizens in aspects of their quality of life, in residence and work environments, which therefore induce their happiness. On the one hand, those related to the living environment; and on the other, to the work and training environment. The effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on their quality of life has also been analysed. The data were collected through an online questionnaire in the summer of 2020, the total sample obtained being representative of 933 responses. KEYWORDS: happiness, quality of life, wellness, pandemic
ON THE INFLUENCE OF HAPPINESS ON HUMAN HEALTH
Authors:   Mukachevo State University (Mukachevo, Ukraine), MARTSENIUK Maryna
Published: December 2021

The article considers the concept and phenomen on of happiness from the perspective of different authors. The subjective perception and interpretation of the term happiness and the vital interest in this phenomen on by such sciences as philosophy, ethics, psychology, history, medicine. The concept of happiness in a narrow (fate, talent, luck, success, joy) and broad (psycho-emotional state of complete satisfaction with life, a sense of complete joy) senses has been covered. The ratings of the countries on the level of happiness among population (WorldHappinessReport) and the «happiness index» studied by the international foundation NEF (NewEconomicsFoundation) have been analyzed, along with the position of Ukraine. The finding soft helongest-running study from Harvard University, which aimed to find out what makes people happy from adolescence to old age, have been presented. It has been found that good relationships with people make us happier and healthier. Good social connections are good for us, but loneliness shortens life. It was proved that the happiest of the participants in the experiment, even feeling physicalpain, stayed positive. In stead, un happy people feltthat the physical pain became even stronger dueto a bad emotional state. The importance of a spouse supporting, and its positive impact on such a process as memory was emphasized. Instead, it was noted that their memory did not deteriorate as rapidly as in single people. Key words: health, life satisfaction, feelings of happiness, level of happiness.
THE HAPPINESS OF INTERPERSONAL RELATIONS
Authors:   Nizhyn Gogol State University (Nizhyn, Ukraine), NAKONECHNA Mariia
Published: December 2021

Happiness of interpersonal relations stands for mutually developing, mutually enriching, mutually facilitative communication. One of basic themes in world culture is reciprocity in human relations. Various forms interpersonal relations assume different stages in their development, and highly developed forms of interpersonal relations are characterized by intersubjectivity. Intersubjectivity is such form of interaction between people that actualizes aspirations to mutual displays and mutual development of participants’ subjectivity. Dialectics of consent and disagreement in intersubjective relations defines a new perspective of both theoretical analysis and empiric researches. Іntersubjectivity emerges when group discussion evolves into vivid and active process of finding solutions, and wherein participants listen to each other, paving the way for dialogueness. Keywords: happiness, intersubjectivity, interpersonal relations, dialogue, interaction, agency
PROBLEMS OF HAPPINESS IN THE ETHICAL THEORY OF TOMA AQUINSKY
Authors:   Stepan Gzhytskyi National University of Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnologies (Lviv, Ukraine), OHIRKO Oleh
Published: December 2021

The problems of happiness in the theological and philosophical heritage of the outstanding medieval scientist St. Thomas Aquinas are considered. The main source and basis of happiness according to Thomism is the Lord God himself. Happiness cannot be fully comprehended in the material world, in wealth, in intellectual knowledge. Human happiness does not consist in honors, in human glory, strength, goodness and pleasures of the body. Happiness is realized in human virtue. Happiness does not consist in human feelings, but it is revealed in thoughts about God. Man will experience perfect happiness in another supernatural world through contemplation of God, who is the highest good and truth. The teachings of the Catholic Church on the understanding of happiness are analyzed. Attention is drawn to the Message of Pope Francis on the occasion of World Youth Day in 2015. It is pointed out that God himself placed “in the heart of every man an unbridled desire for happiness and fullness”. Ten key topics that guide a person to achieve true supernatural, eternal happiness are considered. Ways to live in happiness through a state of joy, love, friendship, humor, gratitude, the ability to forgive and ask for forgiveness are offered. In trying to achieve a happy state, it is important to rely on God in everything, as well as to realize that we are loved. KEYWORDS: Toma Aquinsky, happiness, knowledge, will, love, goodness, joy.
HAPPINESS AND ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT
Authors:   Petroleum-Gas University of (Ploiesti, Romania), TUDORACHE Marilena Claudia
Published: December 2021

Throughout its existence, man has tried to satisfy its needs as best he could. Therefore, he had to provide a permanent development of his activity, socially, technically, and economically to achieve the desired level of well-being. In the context of society, the well-being of the individual is influenced by the economic choices of public authorities. Economic policy is a set of objectives and tools through which the state acts on economic variables, in order to maintain, restore or change the economic and social climate. Economic growth is a priority objective of any economic policy, because it influences the rate of employment and inflation, the level of income and welfare of the population and therefore the level of happiness of individuals. The aim of this paper is to highlight the relationship between the idea of happiness of the individual, and the economic development of the society to which he belongs. The analysis is based on the concept of economic growth, which accompanies the economic development of any society, regardless of the degree of development. Key words: economic development, happiness, society, income.
PERSPECTIVES ON HAPPINESS ACCORDING TO ORTEGA Y GASSET
Authors:   Università degli Studi di Perugia (Perugia, Italy), VISCOMI Marco
Published: December 2021

The content of this short essay aims to collect some insights provided by José Ortega y Gasset on happiness. The Spanish thinker does not dedicate a systematic work to the deepening of this important issue, but nevertheless he provides some interesting considerations for a more detailed and meticulous study on this subject. In fact, there are not many points in Ortega’s work in which he directly provides his own considerations on happiness, but the observations granted by the philosopher are interesting for our contemporary meditation. The thoughts here reconstructed in expressive unity converge starting from some specific points of Ortega’s opera omnia. This work of reconstruction and essential synthesis is intended to offer a philosophical contribution to the most comprehensive and organic reflection on happiness. The implicit hope contained in this text would like to leave available this questioning both for its existentialist dimensions and for its anthropological and sociological openings, which constitutively belong to the discussion of happiness. Keywords: Ortega y Gasset, happiness, human essence, personalism, vitalism
LIFE PERSPECTIVES AS FACTORS OF PSYCHOLOGICAL WELL-BEING OF PERSONALITY
Authors:   G.S.Kostyuk Institute of Psychology of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine (Kyiv, Ukraine), VOLODARSKA Nataliia
Published: December 2021

The article considers the phenomenon of psychological well-being through the features of life prospects formation and strategies for achieving them. Various research approaches are identified to the phenomenon of psychological well-being, which may occur through peculiarities of the personality’s future structuring. Many studies of the problem of psychological well-being consider this phenomenon as close but not identical to the concept of happiness, optimism and life satisfaction. The above phenomena contain a positive assessment of own life, which is the basis for a sense of subjective well-being formation. The issues are analyzed of differentiation and separation of factors that determine the state of subjective well-being, their systematization and features of influence. The age features of psychological well-being are singled out. Particular attention is paid to the influence of value orientations. They are considered as components of life prospects that form the psychological well-being.
ALEXITIMY AND HAPPINESS
Authors:   G.S. Kostyuk Institute of Psychology of NAES of Ukraine (Kyiv, Ukraine), ZAVHORODNIA Olena , STEPURA Eugene ,   G.S. Kostyuk Institute of Psychology of NAES of Ukraine (Kyiv, Ukraine)
Published: December 2021

The sphere of interpersonal relations is very important for a person's happiness. High levels of alexithymia interfere with interpersonal relationships. Our study showed a significant negative correlation between alexithymia and happiness. People with high rates of alexithymia should be less happy than others. But experiencing happiness can reduce a person's level of alexithymia. If alexithymia manifests itself as a temporary reaction or a certain state of a person, the experience of happiness can reduce level of alexithymia. Various methods of art therapy are effective in the treatment of alexithymia. Intense experience of happiness can be an additional factor in the effectiveness of art therapy in the treatment of alexithymia. But, it needs further research. KEY WORDS: Emotions, happiness, alexithymia, art therapy.
2D Ship-Like Section Slamming Pressure Numerical Analysis by Conformal Mapping
Authors: Yasa A. Mertcan , Kükner Abdi
Published: December 2021

In this paper, a method to predict slamming pressures and pressure distribution at the time of water entry for 2D sections is presented. The mathematical model is based on the Schwarz-Christoffel conformal mapping method. This conformal mapping technique has been used to calculate slamming loads during water entry. The pile-up of water during motion is also considered and an alternative pile-up coefficient is assumed against Wagner’s generalized method. A simplified and accurate method is presented, which does not include non-linear terms and jet flow in the calculated pressure distribution on monotonically increasing 2D sections like wedge shapes. Comparison with real ship sections has been done to show accuracy of the results. Finally, a simple yet powerful method is obtained to aid the initial design stage of ships.
Cyber security in marine transport
Authors: Al Ali Naser Abdel Raheem , Chebotareva Anna A. , Chebotarev Vladimir E.
Published: December 2021

In recent years, the number of cyber attacks, virus carriers, and cybercrime on maritime transport facilities has increased significantly. The emergence of new types of maritime vessels, such as autonomous vessels, dependent entirely on information and communication technologies used for passengers, cargo and baggage transportation, requires legal regulation of relations in this area. Therefore, ensuring cybersecurity in maritime transport and the need to adopt appropriate legal norms, standards and measures at both the international and national levels to manage maritime cyber risks are considered one of the most relevant topics for maritime transport. There is no single, systematic integrated approach, unification of requirements and rules in cybersecurity’s sphere of maritime transport [15]. In this regard, the authors analyze the issues of ensuring cybersecurity in maritime transport, the legal basis of security: some international documents and national legal acts, regulating cybersecurity in maritime transport, will be considered, as well as the main question of how they are able to meet modern requirements for ensuring cybersecurity in maritime transport.
Personal Values & Decision-Making Biases
Authors: Griffiths Neil
Published: December 2021

Decision-making is understood to be influenced by genetic and environmental factors related to need, as are personal values. Personal values are a component of personality known to influence decision-making in agreement with the circular structure of the Schwartz (1992) system. We set out to explore whether personal values also exert complementary linear patterns of influence on heuristics and performance in fluid intelligence and creativity tests. Such patterns are predicted by an evolutionary theory that proposes the influence of values described by Schwartz (1992) evolve sequentially and incrementally in living systems, internalising the schema of a pre-existing system of universal equivalents. Testing N=1317 individuals with challenges derived from Kahneman and Tversky and others, we found values exerted both circular and linear influences on intuitive and rational decision-making. These were apparent in overall value/response correlation patterns, and in the performance of individuals allocated to linear, values-based, quasi-Maslowian (1943) motivational types. Performance in fluid intelligence and creativity tests most strongly betrayed linear, developmental patterns of influence. In relation to a Bayesian inference challenge, tentative support was also forthcoming for the hypothesis that those most likely to be subject to values-related conflicts would be most likely to avoid giving erroneous intuitive responses by engaging rational system 2 thinking (Stanovich & West, 2000). This suggests values may also play a role in mediating between rational and irrational systems of thinking. These findings extend our understanding of the role values play in individual decision-making, and by extension, their importance in organizational and societal decision-making.
Teori Inflasi
Authors: Jamal Nur Shinta
Published: December 2021

Kata bank dari kata banque dalam bahasa prancis, dan dari banco dalam bahasa italia, yang berarti peti/lemari atau bangku. Kata peti atau lemari menyiratkan fungsi sebagai tempat menyimpan benda-benda berharga, seperti peti emas, peti berlian, peti uang dan sebagainya. Dalam al-Quran, istilah bank tidak disebutkan secara eksplisit. Tetapi jika yang dimaksud adalah sesuatu yang memiliki unsur-unsur seperti struktur, manajemen, fungsi, hak dan kewajibanmaka semua itu disebutkan dengan jelas, seperti zakat, sadaqah, ghanimah (rampasan perang), bai’ (jual beli), dayn (utang dagang), mall (harta) dan sebagainya, yang memiliki fungsi yang dilaksanakan oleh peran tertentu dalam kegiatan.Lembaga keuangan bukan bank adalah lembaga keuangan yang menghimpun dana dengan cara mengeluarkan surat berharga dan menyalurkannya ke dalam masyarakat. Proses penyaluran dapat terjadi secara langsung ataupun tidak langsung. Lembaga keuangan bukan bank bertujuan untuk membiayai investasi perusahaan-perusahaan.
Mini Project Program Kesehatan
Authors: indriani Fingki
Published: December 2021

Mini project program kesehatan
Adopsi E-Commerce
Authors: Yangriani
Published: December 2021

Sejak tahun 2020, E-Commerce telah mengalami pertumbuhan rata-rata yang terus meningkat dari tahun ke tahun. Pada masa pandemic keberadaan E-commerce terus meningkat dimana karena adanya Covid-19 ini hamper semua masyarakat berbelanja melalui E-Commerce karena tidak berani keluar langsung karena, takut terpapar virus berbahaya tersebut. Beberapa E-Commerce yang sangat terkenal di Indonesia, diantaranya ada Tokopedia, Shopee, Blibli, Bukalapak dan lain-lain. Tujuan dari pembuatan paper ini adalah untuk mengetahui lebih detail mengenai adopsi E-Commerce dalam skala global maupun di Indonesia.
EKONOMI MONETER ISLAM
Authors: ferry fauzi frendsky
Published: December 2021

Melihat sejarah asal usul sistem ekonomi dunia, ada satu kesamaan bahwa semua sistem yang ada selama ini bertujuan untuk mencapai kesejahteraan umum umat manusia. Karena semua sistem yang ada selalu diwarnai oleh ideologi para pendiri atau pendiri teori ekonomi, seperti kapitalisme, sosialisme dan ekonomi Islam, masing-masing dengan landasan idealis yang berbeda. Landasan idealisme ini memberi energi pada komponen sistem ekonomi: sumber daya, pemangku kepentingan, dan mekanisme. Pada dasarnya, ketiga faktor ini terus-menerus dipertimbangkan oleh berbagai teori ekonomi yang berkembang, metode pengelolaan sumber daya, entitas pengelolaan sumber daya, dan mekanisme yang berbeda untuk kesejahteraan umat manusia (kapitalis dan sosialis). Sedangkan dalam sistem ekonomi tradisional kesejahteraan hanya diartikan sebagai kecukupan materi (material sufficiency), dalam sistem ekonomi Islam kesejahteraan memiliki arti yang lebih luas: kecukupan materi dan materiil. Hal ini karena manusia dalam ciptaannya terdiri dari dua unsur mental dan fisik, sehingga manusia memiliki dua kebutuhan dasar: kebutuhan fisiologis (sandang, makanan, tempat tinggal) dan psikologis, serta kebutuhan (keamanan, ketenangan, kesetiaan, rasa hormat).Kedua kebutuhan tersebut berbeda, namun saling berkaitan. Jika satu kebutuhan tidak terpenuhi, maka kebutuhan lainnya terhambat.
Process and outcome measures used in acceptance and commitment therapy research, with adults with acquired neurological conditions: a systematic review
Authors: Foote Hannah , Bowen Audrey , Cotterill Sarah , Hill Geoff , Pieri Matilde , Patchwood Emma
Published: December 2021

Background: Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) interventions may promote wellbeing in neurological populations, but there is a lack of evidence to inform measure selection in research. Purpose: To identify and classify the measures used in ACT with adults with acquired neurological conditions.Methods: PRISMA guided systematic review. MEDLINE, PsycInfo and CINAHL databases searched (27/05/2020) with forward and backward searching. All study types included. Extraction of ACT process-of-change and health-related outcome measures. Outcomes coded using the Core Outcome Measures in Effectiveness Trials (COMET) taxonomy.Results: 204 papers screened. 34 studies included. Conditions included multiple sclerosis (n=17), traumatic brain injury (n=9) and stroke (n=8). 25 process-of-change measures extracted. Psychological flexibility was the most common process measured (AAQ-II most commonly used, n=14 studies). 76 health-related outcome measures extracted. Measures exploring quality of life, health status, anxiety and depression occurred most frequently. The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale was the most commonly used measure (n=8 studies). Conclusions: Future studies should follow reporting guidelines and consider the consistent use of measures to support synthesis of results. This could be achieved through the development of a Core Outcome Set – a standardised set of measures to be used across trials of ACT with adults with neurological conditions.
ARTIKEL AGORITMA PEMROGRAMAN DELIMA
Authors: DELIMA
Published: December 2021

Adapun Algoritma dalam komputer yaitu suatu langkah-langkah yang logis dalam penentuan keputusan untuk memecahkan suatu masalah. Urutan lankah-langkah dalam menyelesaikan suatu masalah tersebut secara sistematis dan berurut. Algoritma tersebut harus dibuat secara runtut agar sistem komputer dapat memahaminya dan bisa mengeksekusinya. Algoritma memiliki tujuan supaya kita dapat membiasakan diri dalam melaksanakan suautu perencanaan dari sebuah masalah. Dengan adanya perencanaan yang sudah benar-benar siap agar dalam menyelesaikan masalah kita dapat mempersiapkan solusi yang tepat. Dalam pembelajaran pemrograman yaitu belajar tentang suatu cara atau metode secara khusus yang tepat dapet diketikkan dengan runtut yang di lakukan untuk melakukan penyelesaian suatu permasalahan dan meminta bantuan kepasa sistem komputer. Kata Kunci : Algoritma, program, cara-cara, bahasa, pemrograman.
Sistem Keuangan Islam
Authors: Naurah Azmi Yusriyah
Published: December 2021

Keuangan Islam merupakan embrio kekuatan ekonomi di negara ini, di zamannya ia mampu menjadi sistem yang bisa mensejahterakan umatnya. Di masa krisis, ia mampu lolos dari kebangkrutan, sekalipun tidak mendapat bantuan dana BLBI. Konsep yang mengandung keIslaman ini harus menjadi kekuatan baru dalam membangkitkan kembali perekonomian negeri ini. Keuangan Islam ini berkembang pesat memainkan peranan penting dalam mengalokasikan sumber daya dan meningkatkan pembangunan ekonomi. sebuah sistem yang diyakini akan memberikan kemaslahatan umat manusia. Betapa tidak, perekonomian diandaikan pada sebuah titik keseimbangan antara menggerakkan perekonomian masyarakat melalui pembiayaan syariah dengan keshalihan umat dalam menyisihkan kelebihan rejekinya untuk menopang kehidupan umat lainnya. Berbagi rejeki bisa diwujudkan dalam bentuk waqaf, zakat atau shadaqah yang merupakan "kewajiban" setiap umat muslim. Menurut Gubernur Bank Indonesia, Agus Martowardojo (2017), zakat dan waqaf dapat berkontribusi kepada kemakmuran sosial-ekonomi bangsa. Kita lihat, perekonomian global tengah menghadapi turbulensi yang berdampak signifikan terhadap keuangan global.
PRAKTEK KEBIJAKAN MONETER ISLAM
Authors: Nuraeni
Published: December 2021

Kebijakan moneter Islam tidak mengenal adanya money multiplier seperti pada praktik kebijakan moneter konvensional. Dan dengan menerapkan kebijakan ekonomi moneter Islam secara optimal di harapkan akan memberikan berbagai dampak positif yaitu, memelihara keselarasan dan keserasian sektor riil dan sektor keuangan, meningkatkan kelancaran aliran distribusi uang, sehingga sektor keuangan akan terhindar dari penumpukan uang, menghindari "penggandaan" uang tanpa adanya pertumbuhan nyata di sektor riil, meningkatkan resistensi ekonomi dan keuangan terhadap kemungkinan terjadinya krisis, menambah saluran untuk adanya surplus dana di sektor perekonomian, dan memaksimalkan distribusi sumber daya dalam perekonomian.
Gslc TUT 5
Authors: Ramadhan Nicko Ahmad Chani
Published: December 2021

Pesatnya perkembangan teknologi mengakibatkan persaingan yang tidak terhindarkan di bidangbisnis, sehingga perusahaan perlu mengetahui langkah-langkah yang tepat agar tetap bertahan dan kompetitifdengan perusahaan lain yang sejenis. Salah satu langkah yang dapat dilakukan perusahaan adalah dengan menerapkan teknologiterhadap proses bisnis mereka. Teknologi sudah menjadi kebutuhan masyarakat.
Mini Project PPM
Authors: yulandari opi
Published: December 2021

Mini project adalah kegiatan yang di lakukan dalam membantu upaya pelayanan kesehatan di Puskesmas atau ajang berlatih menerapkan suatu ilmu
Analisis Laporan Keuangan
Authors: indi
Published: December 2021

Laporan keuangan merupakan ikhtisar mengenai keadaan keuangan suatu perusahaan pada suatu periode tertentu
Judgments of learning reveal conscious access to stimulus memorability
Authors: Saito Joseph M. , Kolisnyk Matthew , Fukuda Keisuke
Published: December 2021

Despite the massive capacity of visual long-term memory, individuals do not successfully encode all visual information they wish to remember. This variability in encoding success has been traditionally ascribed to fluctuations in individuals’ cognitive states (e.g., sustained attention) and differences in memory encoding processes (e.g., depth of encoding). However, recent work has shown that a considerable amount of variability in encoding success stems from intrinsic stimulus properties that determine the ease of encoding across individuals. While researchers have identified several perceptual and semantic properties that contribute to stimulus memorability, much remains unknown, including whether individuals are aware of the memorability of stimuli they encounter. In the present study, we investigated whether individuals have conscious access to the memorability of real-world stimuli while forming self-referential judgments of learning (JOL) during explicit memory encoding (Experiments 1A–B) and when asked about the perceived memorability of a stimulus in the absence of attempted encoding (Experiments 2A–B). We found that JOLs and perceived memorability estimates (PME) were consistent across individuals and predictive of memorability, confirming that individuals can access memorability with or without stimulus encoding. At the same time, access to memorability was not comprehensive. We found that individuals unexpectedly remembered and forgot consistent sets of stimuli as well. When we compared access to memorability between JOLs and PMEs, we found that individuals had more access during JOLs. Thus, our findings demonstrate that individuals have partial access to stimulus memorability and that explicit encoding increases the amount of access that is available.
Depression is not related to deficits in emotional reasoning skills
Authors: Kube Tobias , Friehs Thilo , Glombiewski Julia , Gollwitzer Mario
Published: December 2021

Background: Several lines of research have examined whether people with depressive symptoms have deficits in social-cognitive abilities, such as emotional reasoning skills. While many patients report having such deficits, it is less clear whether depressive symptoms are related to actual objective performance deficits.Methods: Following recent methodological recommendations, we performed a so-called “mini meta-analysis” of 11 studies conducted in our lab to examine the relationship between depressive symptoms as assessed with the Beck’s Depression Inventory II and emotional reasoning skills as assessed with a well-established performance test (i.e., TEMINT). Data were analysed from 1,503 participants with varying levels of depression – from healthy people without depressive symptoms to clinical samples with a diagnosed major depressive disorder and high symptom burden.Results: Using a random effects approach, we found a small but significant correlation between depressive symptoms and TEMINT performance (mean r = .065), indicating that depressive symptoms were associated with higher emotional reasoning skills.Conclusions: Depression is unrelated to deficits in emotional reasoning according to the present findings. If anything, depressive symptoms are associated with improved performance in the TEMINT. These findings point to a discrepancy between depressed people’s self-evaluation of their abilities (as shown in previous research) and their actual performance. Accordingly, therapists may focus on modifying patients’ negative views on themselves, rather than on improving their skills.
An active inference model of hierarchical action understanding, learning and imitation
Authors: Proietti Riccardo , Pezzulo Giovanni , Tessari Alessia
Published: December 2021

We advance a novel computational model of the cognitive processing that underlies the acquisition of a hierarchical action repertoire and its use for observation, understanding and motor control. The model is grounded in a principled framework for understanding brain and cognition: active inference. We exemplify the functioning of the model by presenting four simulations of a tennis learner who observes a teacher performing tennis shots and forms hierarchical representations of the observed actions - including both actions that are already in her repertoire and novel actions - and finally imitates them. Our simulations show that the agent’s oculomotor activity implements an active information sampling strategy that permits inferring the kinematics aspects of the observed movement, which lie at the lowest level of the action hierarchy. In turn, this low-level kinematic inference supports higher-level inferences about deeper aspects of the observed actions, such as their proximal goals and intentions. Finally, the inferred action representations can steer imitative motor responses, but interfere with the execution of different actions. Taken together, our simulations show that the same hierarchical active inference model provides a unified account of action observation, understanding, learning and imitation. Finally, our model provides a computational rationale to explain the neurobiological underpinnings of visuomotor cognition, including the multiple routes for action understanding in the dorsal and ventral streams and mirror mechanisms.
Social reference cues can reduce misinformation sharing behaviour on social media
Authors: Jones Christopher Martin , Diethei Daniel , Schöning Johannes , Shrestha Rehana , Jahnel Tina , Schüz Benjamin
Published: December 2021

Misinformation on social media is a key challenge to effective and timely public health responses. Existing mitigation measures include flagging misinformation or providing links to correct information but have not yet targeted social processes. Here, we examine whether providing balanced social reference cues in addition to flagging misinformation leads to reductions in sharing behavior and improvement of overall sharing quality. In 3 field experiments (N=824, N=322, and N=278) on Twitter, we show that highlighting which content others within the personal network share and, more importantly, not share combined with misinformation flags significantly and meaningfully reduces the amount of misinformation shared and improves sharing quality (Study 1-3). We show that this improvement could be driven by change in injunctive social norms (Study 2) but not social identity (Study 3). Social reference cues, combined with misinformation flags, are feasible and scalable means to effectively curb sharing misinformation on social media.
Maturation-dependent vulnerability of emotion regulation as a response to COVID-19 related stress in adolescents
Authors: Gervan Patricia , Bunford Nóra , Utczás Katinka , Tróznai Zsófia , Oláh Gyöngyi , Szakács Hanna , Gombos Ferenc , Kovács Ilona
Published: December 2021

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic created highly unpredictable circumstances which resulted in increased levels of psychological strain. Here we investigate pandemic-related alterations in emotion regulation in adolescents assessed before and during the pandemic. We also take biological age into account in the response to the pandemic.Methods: We compared baseline data on the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS) total scores of a pre-pandemic adolescent cohort (n=241) with those obtained during the second wave of the pandemic (n=266). We estimated biological age based on an ultrasonic boneage assessment procedure in a subgroup of males. We included both grammar school and vocational school students in the 9th and 10th grades and analyzed their data independently.Findings: There is a gender difference in the timing of vulnerability for pandemic-related stress in grammar school students: females are affected a year earlier than males. Vocational school male students mature faster than grammar school male students, and the timing of emotional vulnerability also precedes that of the grammar school students.Discussion: We interpret our findings in a developmental model suggesting that there might be a window of highest vulnerability in adolescent emotion regulation. The timing of the window is determined by both chronological and biological age, and it seems to be different for females and males.Application to Practice: Defining the exact temporal windows of vulnerability for different adolescent cohorts allows for the timely integration of preventive actions into adolescent care to protect mental health during future chronic stressful situations.
Demographic Theory and Population Ethics – Relationships between Population Size and Population Growth
Authors: Kolk Martin
Published: December 2021

Demographic theory aims at explaining how population systems regulate themselves given available resources. Population ethics is concerned with demography in the sense that the analytical objects of interest are births, deaths, and populations. However, demographic theory which explores theoretically when, how and why populations grow, based on empirically observed patterns, has up until now played a minor role in population ethics. Similarly, debates about population dynamics among demographers have seldom been concerned with ideas and concepts in population ethics. In this manuscript, I will give a brief outline of how population size, population growth, and welfare mutually affect each other. Theories on the endogeneity between population size, population growth, and welfare will be referred to as demographic theory. I will give a particular focus on how population growth responds with respect to welfare, as welfare, utility, well-being, and happiness are important concepts in population ethics. A key concept in demographic theory is population homeostasis (the dynamics of a system which maintains a population at a steady population size, or growth rate), in particular resource dependent homeostasis. I will also discuss demographic theory in relation to historical and future demographic change. This working paper was later published in Oxford Handbook of Population Ethics, and is available at https://osf.io/preprints/socarxiv/at5pj/
Getting Personal — The Intuition of Neutrality Re-interpreted
Authors: Rabinowicz Wlodek
Published: December 2021

According to the Intuition of Neutrality, there is a range of wellbeing levels such that adding people with lives at these levels doesn’t make the world either better or worse. As lives in the neutral range can be good for those who live them, this intuition is in conflict with one of the main tenets of welfarism; it creates a disparity between what is good for a person and what is impersonally good. Adding a person with a good life needn’t make the world better. In “Broome and the Intuition of Neutrality” (2009) I suggested, but did not elaborate, a re-interpretation of the neutral range that would remove the problematic disparity. On this re-interpretation, a life at a level within the neutral range is not merely impersonally neutral; it is also neutral in its personal value: neither better nor worse for its owner than non-existence. Nevertheless, among such personally neutral lives, some might still be personally better or worse than others, provided that they are incommensurable in their personal value with non-existence. In this paper, I explore some of the implications of this ‘personalization’ of the Intuition of neutrality. In particular, I discuss its worrisome implications for neutral-range utilitarianism (NRU). While NRU was originally proposed as a way to avoid the Repugnant Conclusion, it turns out this conclusion is re-instated on the new interpretation and, contrary to what was suggested in my 2009-paper, it remains repugnant. A related point is that it no longer holds that all personally good lives must be better for a person than personally neutral lives. Nor that all personally bad lives must be worse than personally neutral lives. While this might seem strange, it should be accepted. As for the worrisome implications of NRU, these implications do not undermine the personalized Neutrality Intuition itself. The latter might well be retained even if NRU is given up.
Does the Additional Worth-Having Existence Make Things Better?
Authors: Roberts Melinda A.
Published: December 2021

Let’s call the principle that says that the mere addition of the worth-having existence (other things equal) makes things morally better Pareto plus. If we accept Pareto plus, then it seems we should also say that some additions that make at least some person at least a little worse off also may – depending on the numbers – make things morally better. I find that latter claim potentially dangerous. As a main focus of an argument why we ought to do something about climate change, I think it moves people not to do anything much about climate change. People won’t accept that they or their progeny – or the many, many future people beyond their own progeny – should bear a cost, perhaps a significant cost, just to bring ever more future people into existence. But we can’t just reject Pareto plus out of hand. For a number of arguments seem to compel us to accept Pareto plus. My goal in this paper is to identify some of the most interesting of those arguments and to show how, in each case, the argument on closer analysis fails.
Does Climate Change Put Ethics on a Collision Course with Itself?
Authors: Roberts Melinda A.
Published: December 2021

The purpose of this paper is to outline an intuitive ethics of climate change, one that understands our maximizing values, according to which it makes things better to make things better for people, to be tempered by our existential values, according to which existence is just different: making things better for a person by way of bringing that person into existence doesn’t, on its own, make things better. Such a reconciliation, I argue, avoids the collision course we can otherwise anticipate between population ethics on the one hand and climate ethics on the other. The work of reconciliation is commenced by reference to what we can call the person-affecting, or person-based, intuition. It’s hard to get that intuition right; we need a formulation of the intuition that avoids the many pitfalls that many earlier formulations have fallen into. The principle I propose is, however, hardly immune to objection. In this paper, I consider and reply to two such objections both of which rely on the claim that probabilities are, in at least some cases, critical to moral evaluation. My counterargument will be that those objections evaporate just as soon as we clearly recognize that the probability facts underlying the one objection are very different from the probability facts underlying the other.
The Origin and Evolution of Chinese Lineages
Authors: Noblit Graham Alexander
Published: December 2021

Chinese lineages are a relatively historically novel socio-political institution that plays a significant role in structuring communities and lives across China. Anthropologists and long noted the extensive geographic variation characterizing the relevance of lineages across communities. Using ethnographic and historical-economic evidence, I construct a theory explaining demand for lineage institutions, and thus individuals’ willingness to shoulder the costs of lineage-participation, as demand for risk-pooling institutions, which provide lineage members with access to land and its dividends. Variation in regional demand for risk-pooling likely stems from how rice-wheat agro-economic differences interact with shared Chinese inheritance practices. I test this hypothesis by examining whether lineage activity is associated with landholding size, precipitation predictability, and historically documented precipitation disasters. More so, I provide evidence that the relationship between historical lineage activity and agro-climatic factors is likely causal.
IMAGE+ Platform for Open Art Education
Authors: Doğtaş Gürsoy , Ibitz Marc-Paul , Poyer Astrid , Reuß Charlotte
Published: December 2021

„IMAGE+ Platform for Open Art Education“ ist eine österreichische Bild- und Bildforschungsplattform zur Verbesserung der Qualität der Lehre. IMAGE+ bietet einen umfassenden Bestand an hochwertigen digitalen Bildreproduktionen künstlerischer Arbeiten. Die Abbildungen in IMAGE+ sind mit hochwertigen Metadaten angereichert, die Werkinformationen wissenschaftlich gesichert. IMAGE+ steht Lehrenden und Studierenden an den teilnehmenden Universitäten und Forschungseinrichtungen zur Verfügung, Künstler*innen und Absolvent*innen der Kunstpädagogik können die Datenbank für ihre tägliche Arbeit verwenden und sich laufend fortbilden. Das Projekt ist an der Universität für angewandte Kunst Wien verankert. In Kooperation mit der Universität für künstlerische und industrielle Gestaltung Linz, der Universität Mozarteum Salzburg sowie der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften (ÖAW) und der Dokumentationsplattform österreichischer Kunst basis wien.
Animal industry survey: The importance of technical and soft skills, coursework, and extracurricular activities on the success of undergraduates entering animal industries
Authors: Bundy Jennifer , Zeamer Katelyn , Evans Holly , Sterle Jodi A. , Thomson Daniel U.
Published: December 2021

A survey instrument was developed to inquire about the skills and experiences needed to be successful in an entry-level position within an animal industry. The instrument called upon industry representatives to rank the importance of skills, experiences, and coursework as they relate to success. A five-point scale was used for ranking (1=not important, 2=somewhat important, 3=moderately important, 4=very important, 5=extremely important). Industry representatives ranked personal and team-based soft skills as the most important skills related to success. Animal science coursework and hands-on animal handling and welfare experiences also ranked very high. Non-animal science coursework, agricultural business skills, collegiate experiences, and scientific/laboratory skills were ranked the lowest in terms of importance, but rankings of these categories still fell in the moderately important range. These rankings indicate the need for well-rounded students that have gained technical and personal skills throughout their collegiate education. This also signals a need for projects, writing assignments, and hands-on animal-related activities that promote development of soft skills within the animal science curriculum.
IMPROVING THE PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS OF MACHINE PARTS BASED ON THE COMBINED INFLUENCE OF STRONG MAGNETIC FIELDS
Authors: Kovalevskyу S. , Kovalevska О. , Lupa Yu.
Published: December 2021

Magnetic treatment is a promising method of hardening. Metal exposed to alternating magnetic fields changes the performance properties of the surface layer of a combination of magnetic and ultrasonic effects, provides a combined method of processing and strengthening surfaces of machine parts, which eliminates the main disadvantages of magnetic and electrical hardening — instability of physical and mechanical properties of this layer with detail.

The purpose of the work is to investigate the possibility of improving the performance of machine parts based on the combined effect of strong magnetic fields.

The study of the use of a uniform flux of magnetic fields generated by powerful permanent magnets was performed to affect the material volume of non-grinding plates of the cutting tool CNMG_120508E-M. The effect of uniform magnetic flux is initiated as a result of resonant oscillations of the sample caused by broadband exposure of equal amplitude by means of a "white noise" generator and a piezo emitter.

The authors found that as a result of volumetric strengthening of non-grinding plates of carbide cutting tools, by exposure to polyfrequency oscillations in the form of a broadband frequency spectrum of equal amplitudes, a significant reduction in dimensional wear of the plates is achieved. Adding mechanical vibrations to the samples in a uniform constant magnetic field allowed to achieve volumetric hardening of the samples from 150 HB to 240 ÷ 250 HB, ie 60 ÷ 65% in 10—12 minutes, which is the hardening of the samples by 5—6% in one minute.

The work on determining the relationship of changing properties with processing time, frequency range, amplitude and other modes to find the optimal values ​​of processing parameters, has great prospects for the ability to obtain a set of performance characteristics, control external and internal properties of products.
CONSTRUCTION OF ROTOR ANGLE IDENTIFIER IN VECTOR CONTROL SYSTEMS OF DOUBLE FEED MACHINES
Authors: Klyuyev О. , Sadovoi A. , Sokhina Y.
Published: December 2021

In asynchronous electric drives with vector control on the rotor, it is necessary to calculate the value of the sine and cosine of the angle of rotation of the rotor relative to the stator to form control actions. When using angle sensors, complex structural tasks can arise — placement and reliable mounting of the sensor on the shaft and, accordingly, the task of the overall layout of the unit. For high-power machines, the tasks of developing and creating the design of the sensor itself arise. If serial rotor angular position sensors can be used, the task of placing and mounting the sensor is no less difficult. In these cases it is necessary to deduce the second end of a shaft from the case of the engine with contact rings that complicates its design. Therefore, the urgent need to create more reliable electric drives with vector control systems on the rotor is the synthesis of identifiers of the angle of rotation of the rotor.

Identifiers are known whose calculation algorithms are based on determining the projections of the flow coupling vectors. In the work with the use of coordinate transducers of projections of stator or rotor current vectors and equations of electromagnetic circuits of an asynchronous machine, the synthesis and subsequent analysis of the properties of the rotor position angle identifier in vector control systems of dual power machines is performed. New equations of the identifier of flux couplings are received, its stability is investigated and on conditions of stability types of electric drives in which it is possible to apply the offered identifier are defined. The stability of the vector control system and sufficient identification accuracy when using the proposed equations and functions are confirmed by the method of mathematical modeling of the recommended electric drive systems in different operating modes.
Study of Microbial Contamination of Some Commercial Contact Lens Solutions
Authors: Al-Hilli Faris Ali
Published: December 2021

Sixty samples of commercially available contact lens solutions were collected from students at the Pharmacy College/Baghdad University. The types of lenses used varied from medical to cosmetic. They were cultured to diagnose any microbial contamination within the solutions. Both used and unused solutions were subject for culturing. Thirty six (60%) used samples showed bacterial growth, fungal growth was absent. Pseudomonas aeruginosa accounts for the highest number of isolates (25%) followed by E. coli (21%), Staphylococcus epidermidis (6.6%), Pseudomonas fluorescence (5%) and Proteus mirabilis (1.6%) respectively. Only one (1) unused (sealed) sample showed growth of P. fluorescence. These bacterial contamination likely came from bad personal hygiene and improper or misuse of the solutions where these bacteria especially P. aeruginosa are frequently found in various environments from skin to solid materials and surfaces and are known to thrive in harsh environments. No relation was found between eye associated diseases and solution contamination among contact lens users. Special care should be paid in maintaining aseptic solutions and proper handling to avoid transmitting harmful bacteria to the eye where it may lead to serious eye infections