bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Extractive Fermentation for Process integration and amplified pullulan production by A. pullulans in Aqueous Two Phase Systems
Authors: Badhwar Parul , Kumar Punit , Dubey Kashyap Kumar
Published: January 2019

Extractive fermentation technique or in situ product recovery process is a novel technique to segregate the desired product simultaneously in a fermentation process. For economic and high yield production of pullulan, Extractive fermentation process was applied fermentation process of A. pullulans. Aqueous Two Phase system (ATPS) systems were designed with various molecular mass of PEG (400, 600, 4000 and 6000) and dextran or mono/bi-sodium phosphate salts. Systems with short Tie Line length (TLL) 6.7 and 7.5% w/w for PEG-Salt and PEG-dextran respectively were chosen. Volume ratio for all the systems was kept constant at 1.0 and pH 7.0 for PEG-dextran and PEG-NaH2PO4 was maintained, whereas pH 9.0 was kept for PEG-Na2HPO4. A. pullulans, was found to be viable with PEG-NaH2PO4 and PEG-dextran systems. The biomass partitioned in the PEG rich top phase and the exopolysaccharide pullulan shown affinity towards the bottom phase. A maximum yield (36.47 g/L) was found with PEG 4000-Dextran 500 system of extractive fermentation process. The proposed process aptly integrates upstream and downstream process for continuous production and recovery of pullulan from the biomass, thus reducing the time quotient of the whole process.
Decellularized Tissue Matrix-based 3D Tissue Modeling
Authors: Das Sanskrita , Gao Ge , Lee Jae Yeon , Jang Jinah , Cho Dong-Woo
Published: January 2019

The extracellular matrix (ECM), which is ubiquitously present in tissues and organs, is an intricate network composed of multi-domain macromolecules, such as proteins, proteoglycans, and glycoproteins. These molecules assemble in varied proportions, structures, and orientations in different tissues, providing unique biochemical cues and biophysical signals to regulate tissue-specific cellular behaviors. Decellularized ECM (dECM) refers to a category of biomaterials acquired from natural tissues subjected to a combination of decellularization treatments that preserve ECM components and inherent structures eliminating cellular substances. dECM has been considered as one of the most promising biomaterials for recreating functional 3D tissue models because of its superior capacity to comprehensively mimic the original tissue microenvironment. In this chapter, we introduce the structural and functional role of natural ECMs and summarize the representative decellularization and evaluation methods. We also focus on recent applications of dECM in tissue engineering using traditional approaches (e.g., implantable sheets and injectable hydrogels) and 3D cell printing technology.
3D Tissue Modelling of Skeletal Muscle Tissue
Authors: Costantini Marco , Testa Stefano , Rinoldi Chiara , Celikkin Nehar , Idaszek Joanna , Colosi Cristina , Barbetta Andrea , Gargioli Cesare , Święszkowski Wojciech
Published: January 2019

Skeletal muscle tissue exhibits an endogenous ability to regenerate. However, the self-repair mechanism is restricted only to minor damage. The increasing number of extensive injuries of skeletal muscles due to various accidents, a more active life-style or cancer resection, combined with the shortcomings of conventional treatment procedures, creates a demand for new, more advanced solutions. Muscle tissue engineering (TE) appears a promising strategy for the fabrication of tissue substitutes from biomaterials, cells and bioactive factors, alone or combined. In this chapter, we present current state of the art of regeneration and engineering of skeletal muscle tissue. The chapter begins with a brief introduction to the structure and functions of skeletal muscle tissue, followed by discussion of cells with potential for repair of muscle injuries and dysfunctions. Next, we provide an overview of natural and synthetic biomaterials used in skeletal muscle TE, as well as description of techniques used to process the biomaterials into scaffolds. We also highlight the importance of mechanical and electrical stimulation during in vitro culture and their effect on cell differentiation and maturation. Last but not least, the latest results of in vivo studies are reported. The chapter is concluded with a short summary and outlook on future developments.
3D Tissue Model of Cancers
Authors: Jung Yong Hun , Park Hyejin , Na Kyuhwan , Kim Hyunho , Yang Jihoon , Chung Seok
Published: January 2019

From petri dish culture methods to 3D organoid generation, recent developments in modeling tissues in 3D have granted us the opportunity to explore more about cancer. In order to be part of a functional organism, individual cells require careful regulation of proliferation, differentiation, and survival. Cancer, however, does not require this regulation, therefore growing and dividing in uncontrolled manner that leads to malfunction within the body. Because of the chaotic characteristics of cancer, having a closely-mimicking cancer model is crucial. Even though many great discoveries have resulted from conventional culture methods of flask and petri dish, far greater and in vivo-like advancements have been achieved since the onset of 3D tissue modeling of cancer.
Enhanced one-step sample pretreatment method for extraction of ginsenosides from rat plasma using tailor-made deep eutectic mixture solvents
Authors: Zhao Ningning , Liu Shu , Xing Junpeng , Zheng Zhong , Pi Zifeng , Song Fengrui , Liu Zhiqiang
Published: January 2019

Enriching trace amounts of traditional Chinese medicine active components from plasma samples using green and efficient solvents is still challenging.
Electrochemical benzylic oxidation of C–H bonds
Authors: Marko Jason A. , Durgham Anthony , Bretz Stacey Lowery , Liu Wei
Published: January 2019

An electrochemical benzylic C–H oxidation reaction that is mediated by tert-butyl peroxyl radical is reported.
Small molecule binders recognize DNA microstructural variations via an induced fit mechanism
Authors: Carter E. Kathleen , Laughlin-Toth Sarah , Dodd Thomas , Wilson W. David , Ivanov Ivaylo
Published: January 2019

Site-specific recognition through contacts, water displacement, and dynamics of a linked azabenzimidazole-diamidine within the DNA minor groove.
Swelling of clay minerals: dual characteristics of K+ ions and exploration of critical influencing factors
Authors: Li Xiong , Li Qinyi , Yang Sen , Yang Gang
Published: January 2019

K+ is not always an inhibitor of clay swelling as generally thought and hydration effect plays a critical role.
Effect of ammonia on cobalt Fischer–Tropsch synthesis catalysts: a surface science approach
Authors: Kizilkaya Ali Can , Niemantsverdriet J. W. , Weststrate C. J.
Published: January 2019

Undercoordinated (defect) sites on cobalt surfaces favor NH3 decomposition and dehydrogenated products adsorb strongly around these defect sites.
Monolayer supported CuOx/Co3O4 as an active and selective low temperature NOx decomposition catalyst
Authors: Peck Torin C. , Reddy Gunugunuri K. , Roberts Charles A.
Published: January 2019

A new NO decomposition catalyst, monolayer CuOx/Co3O4, is reported with areal activity and N2 selectivity exceeding Cu-ZSM5 at 350 °C.
How feasible is the reversible S-dissociation mechanism for the activation of FeMo-co, the catalytic site of nitrogenase?
Authors: Dance Ian
Published: January 2019

Computations with a large enzyme model describe the coordination chemistry and protein involvement that could support the proposed dissociation of S2B from FeMo-co as part of the mechanism of nitrogenase.
Synthesis and luminescence properties of a novel dazzling red-emitting phosphor NaSr3SbO6:Mn4+ for UV/n-UV w-LEDs
Authors: Li Kai , Mara Dimitrije , Van Deun Rik
Published: January 2019

A novel, dazzling red-emitting NaSr3SbO6:Mn4+ phosphor was developed and investigated.
Thermostable enzyme-immobilized magnetic responsive Ni-based metal–organic framework nanorods as recyclable biocatalysts for efficient biosynthesis ofS-adenosylmethionine
Authors: He Jie , Sun Shanshan , Zhou Zhao , Yuan Qipeng , Liu Yanhui , Liang Hao
Published: January 2019

A novel magnetic responsive Ni-based metal–organic framework material was developed to efficiently separate and immobilize thermal enzymes with high catalytic performance.
A high output magneto-mechano-triboelectric generator enabled by accelerated water-soluble nano-bullets for powering a wireless indoor positioning system
Authors: Lim Kyung-Won , Peddigari Mahesh , Park Chan Hee , Lee Ha Young , Min Yuho , Kim Jong-Woo , Ahn Cheol-Woo , Choi Jong-Jin , Hahn Byung-Dong , Choi Joon-Hwan , Park Dong-Soo , Hong Jae-Keun , Yeom Jong-Taek , Yoon Woon-Ha , Ryu Jungho , Yi Sam Nyung , Hwang Geon-Tae
Published: January 2019

A high-performance magneto-mechano-triboelectric nanogenerator (MMTEG) is demonstrated for powering a wireless indoor positioning system.
Variation in regional risk of engineered nanoparticles: nanoTiO2 as a case study
Authors: Parker Nicol , Keller Arturo A.
Published: January 2019

Predicting environmental concentrations of engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) is key for assessing their risk.
Natural organic matter inhibits aggregation of few-layered black phosphorus in mono- and divalent electrolyte solutions
Authors: Tan Zhiqiang , Yin Yongguang , Guo Xiaoru , Wang Bowen , Shang Heping , Xu Jingwen , Zhao Qing , Liu Jingfu , Xing Baoshan
Published: January 2019

NOM coating enabled stabilization of BPs in CaCl2 solutions via steric repulsion and isolating Ca2+ ions from interaction with BPs.
Lanthanide complexes as molecular dopants for realizing air-stable n-type graphene logic inverters with symmetric transconductance
Authors: Gajarushi Ashwini S. , Wasim Mohd , Nabi Rizwan , Kancharlapalli Srinivasu , Rao V. Ramgopal , Rajaraman Gopalan , Subramaniam Chandramouli , Shanmugam Maheswaran
Published: January 2019

In this communication we have unveiled the importance of lanthanide dopant, to realize n-doping of GFETs with an exceptional ambient stability and enhanced mobility. An unconventional mechanism proposed for such phenomenon is well supported by various analytical methods and rationalized by computational calculations.
Stress-localized durable icephobic surfaces
Authors: Irajizad Peyman , Al-Bayati Abdullah , Eslami Bahareh , Shafquat Taha , Nazari Masoumeh , Jafari Parham , Kashyap Varun , Masoudi Ali , Araya Daniel , Ghasemi Hadi
Published: January 2019

We introduce and present the fundamentals of stress-localization concept to minimize adhesion of ice or other contaminants on a surface.
Molecular evidence for feedstock-dependent nucleation mechanisms of CNTs
Authors: Khalilov Umedjon , Vets Charlotte , Neyts Erik C.
Published: January 2019

Simulated CNT growth from CxHyOz feedstocks demonstrates the dependence of the tube diameter and quality on the C incorporation rate.
How the moiré superstructure determines the formation of highly stable graphene quantum dots on Ru(0001) surface
Authors: Zhu Liyan , Ding Feng
Published: January 2019

Inhomogeneous graphene–metal interaction results in highly stable graphene quantum dots on the lattice-mismatched metal surfaces.
From a bulk solid to thin films of a hybrid material derived from the [Ti10O12(cat)8(py)8] oxo-cluster and poly(4-vinylpyridine)
Authors: Patrahau Bianca , Chaumont Clément , Barloy Laurent , Hellwig Petra , Henry Marc , Melin Frédéric , Pauly Matthias , Mobian Pierre
Published: January 2019

Homogeneous coloured hybrid materials are prepared from the [Ti10O12(cat)8(py)8] oxo-cluster and poly(4-vinylpyridine). SiO2 surfaces are functionalized with thin films of this material.
Investigation of cation binding and sensing by new crown ether core substituted naphthalene diimide systems
Authors: Cox R. P. , Sandanayake S. , Scarborough D. L. A. , Izgorodina E. I. , Langford S. J. , Bell T. D. M.
Published: January 2019

Different modes of cation binding lead to very different optical readouts from two structurally similar sensors.
Ultralight, superelastic and bendable lashing-structured nanofibrous aerogels for effective sound absorption
Authors: Cao Leitao , Si Yang , Wu Yuanyuan , Wang Xueqin , Yu Jianyong , Ding Bin
Published: January 2019

Robust functional nanofibrous aerogels were designed by inserting lashing-structured scaffolds through a freeze-drying method.
Preparation of bright-emissive hybrid materials based on light-harvesting POSS having radially integrated luminophores and commercial π-conjugated polymers
Authors: Gon Masayuki , Sato Keita , Kato Keigo , Tanaka Kazuo , Chujo Yoshiki
Published: January 2019

Photoluminescence properties of π-conjugated polymer films are dramatically enhanced by hybridization with a light-harvesting POSS having radially-integreated luminophores.
Facile organic surfactant removal of various dimensionality nanomaterials using low-temperature photochemical treatment
Authors: Hwang Chahwan , Heo Jae Sang , Kim Kyung-Tae , Kang Yeo Kyung , Choi Byungdoo , Kim Yong-Hoon , Facchetti Antonio , Park Sung Kyu , Kim Myung-Gil
Published: January 2019

Deep ultraviolet (DUV)-treatment is an efficient method for the removal of high-energy-barrier polymeric or aliphatic organic ligands from nanomaterials.
Effect of networked hybridized nanoparticle reinforcement on the thermal conductivity and mechanical properties of natural rubber composites
Authors: Jayasinghe J. M. A. R. B. , De Silva R. T. , de Silva Rohini M. , de Silva K. M. Nalin , Mantilaka M. M. M. G. P. G. , Silva Vinod Asantha
Published: January 2019

Thermal conductivity of natural rubber was enhanced by incorporating novel conductive hybrid nanofillers, namely polyaniline grafted carbon black nanoparticles and carbon black nanoparticles linked with carbon microfiber composites.
Amplitude response of conical multiwalled carbon nanotube probes for atomic force microscopy
Authors: Hu Xiao , Wei Hang , Deng Ya , Chi Xiannian , Liu Jia , Yue Junyi , Peng Zhisheng , Cai Jinzhong , Jiang Peng , Sun Lianfeng
Published: January 2019

Impressive stability of conical carbon nanotube atomic force microscope probes is shown under axial compression during tapping mode.
Preparation and visible-light photocatalytic properties of the floating hollow glass microspheres – TiO2/Ag3PO4 composites
Authors: An Yu , Zheng Pengwu , Ma Xiaofei
Published: January 2019

The amino modified low-density hollow glass microspheres were used as carriers of TiO2 and Ag3PO4 photocatalysts to prepare the floating visible-light photocatalyst composite.
New anionic rhodium complexes as catalysts for the reduction of acetophenone and its derivatives
Authors: Bartlewicz Olga , Jankowska-Wajda Magdalena , Maciejewski Hieronim
Published: January 2019

Stable rhodium complexes were obtained in a simple way and applied as highly active catalysts for reduction of acetophenone derivatives.
Gelatin-assisted conglutination of aligned polycaprolactone nanofilms into a multilayered fibre-guiding scaffold for periodontal ligament regeneration
Authors: Yang Mengyao , Gao Xianling , Shen Zongshan , Shi Xuetao , Lin Zhengmei
Published: January 2019

The 3D-AL scaffold mimics the physiological structure of periodontal ligaments and could enhance the angulation of regenerated PDL.
A facile synthesis of 1,3,6,8-pyrenesulfonic acid tetrasodium salt as a hydrosoluble fluorescent ink for anti-counterfeiting applications
Authors: Chen Liangzhe , Hu Biao , Zhang Jieyu , Zhang Jinmei , Huang Shuting , Ren Ping , Zou Yang , Ding Fuyuan , Liu Xinghai , Li Houbin
Published: January 2019

In this work, 1,3,6,8-pyrenesulfonic acid sodium salt (PTSA) was successfully synthesizedviaa one-step sulfonating reaction and exhibited the potential in anti-counterfeiting.
Retracted Article: LncRNA MALAT1 aggravates MPP-induced neuronal injury by regulating miR-212 in SH-SY5Y cells
Authors: Yuan Dahua , Wang Qun , Ding Nan , Du Pu , Peng Lingmei , Duan Zhenpeng , Pan Suyue
Published: January 2019

Parkinson's disease (PD) is the most common neurodegenerative disease and its incidence is rising.
Adsorption and anion exchange insight of indigo carmine onto CuAl-LDH/SWCNTs nanocomposite: kinetic, thermodynamic and isotherm analysis
Authors: Almoisheer Noha , Alseroury F. A. , Kumar Rajeev , Aslam M. , Barakat M. A.
Published: January 2019

Two-dimensional layered materials are gaining much attention in the field of wastewater purification.
The effect of the second coordination sphere on the magnetism of [Ln(NO3)3(H2O)3]·(18-crown-6) (Ln = Dy and Er)
Authors: Herchel Radovan , Zoufalý Pavel , Nemec Ivan
Published: January 2019

The impact of the second coordination sphere on the magnetic properties of [Ln(NO3)3(H2O)3]·(18C6) compounds comprising co-crystallized 18-crown-6 ethers was investigated.
In-depth structural analysis of glycans in the gas phase
Authors: Mucha Eike , Stuckmann Alexandra , Marianski Mateusz , Struwe Weston B. , Meijer Gerard , Pagel Kevin
Published: January 2019

Although there have been substantial improvements in glycan analysis over the past decade, the lack of both high-resolution and high-throughput methods hampers progress in glycomics.
Propulsion and controlled steering of magnetic nanohelices
Authors: Alcanzare Maria Michiko , Karttunen Mikko , Ala-Nissila Tapio
Published: January 2019

Externally controlled motion of micro and nanomotors in a fluid environment constitutes a promising tool in biosensing, targeted delivery and environmental remediation.
MOF-derived nanoporous multifunctional fillers enhancing the performances of polymer electrolytes for solid-state lithium batteries
Authors: Wu Jian-Fang , Guo Xin
Published: January 2019

Nanoporous lithium ion conducting fillers are used to boost the performances of polymer electrolytes and solid-state lithium batteries.
Hydrogels for anion removal from water
Authors: Wang Hu , Ji Xiaofan , Ahmed Mehroz , Huang Feihe , Sessler Jonathan L.
Published: January 2019

Hydrogels have garnered attention as effective adsorbents for unwanted anion removal from water due to their unique properties. We summarise recently developed hydrogels that may be used to remove anionic pollutants from aqueous solution, including non-covalently assembled hydrogels, covalently crosslinked hydrogels, and hybrid hydrogels.
A boron-interstitial doped C2N layer as a metal-free electrocatalyst for N2 fixation: a computational study
Authors: Ji Shuang , Wang Zhongxu , Zhao Jingxiang
Published: January 2019

The B-interstitial C2N layer can be utilized as a novel metal-free electrocatalyst with high efficiency and selectivity for the NRR due to its low limiting potential and significant suppressing effect on the HER.
Direct synthesis of superlong Pt|Te mesoporous nanotubes for electrocatalytic oxygen reduction
Authors: Wang Hongjing , Yin Shuli , Li Chunjie , Deng Kai , Wang Ziqiang , Xu You , Li Xiaonian , Xue Hairong , Wang Liang
Published: January 2019

Direct synthesis of superlong Pt|Te mesoporous nanotubes in an aqueous solution.
An ultrathin and highly porous silica nanochannel membrane: toward highly efficient salinity energy conversion
Authors: Yan Fei , Yao Lina , Chen Kenxin , Yang Qian , Su Bin
Published: January 2019

An ultrathin and highly porous silica isoporous membrane was employed as a nanofluidic power source to harness osmotic energy from salinity gradients.
Tailoring supramolecular guest–host hydrogel viscoelasticity with covalent fibrinogen double networks
Authors: Loebel Claudia , Ayoub Amal , Galarraga Jonathan H. , Kossover Olga , Simaan-Yameen Haneen , Seliktar Dror , Burdick Jason A.
Published: January 2019

Supramolecular chemistry has enabled the design of tunable biomaterials that mimic the dynamic and viscoelastic characteristics of the extracellular matrix.
Thickness-dependent resistive switching in black phosphorus CBRAM
Authors: Rehman Shania , Khan Muhammad Farooq , Aftab Sikandar , Kim Honggyun , Eom Jonghwa , Kim Deok-kee
Published: January 2019

The main challenge encountered by most 2D materials for their use in non-volatile memory technology is their low Ron/off ratio.
A molecular ferroelectrics induced electroactive β-phase in solution processed PVDF films for flexible piezoelectric sensors
Authors: Li Qingqing , Ke Wanyu , Chang Tongxin , Hu Zhijun
Published: January 2019

A molecular ferroelectrics induced high-content β-phase in PVDF composite films for achieving efficient energy harvesting and battery-free sensors.
Molecular isomeric engineering of naphthyl-quinoline-containing dinuclear platinum complexes to tune emission from deep red to near infrared
Authors: Xiong Wenjing , Meng Fanyuan , You Caifa , Wang Pu , Yu Junting , Wu Xiugang , Pei Yong , Zhu Weiguo , Wang Yafei , Su Shijian
Published: January 2019

A type of isomeric dinuclear platinum complex of (C^N)2Pt2(μ-C8PhOXT)2 is synthesized with different C^N isomers of naphthyl-quinoline. These complexes exhibit tunable emission with different emissive efficiencies.
Formation of Cu3,4(TCA), making the TCA complex a highly selective probe for Cu2+ detection: a TDDFT study
Authors: Li Fujun , Sa Rongjian
Published: January 2019

The existing evidence for Cu3,4(TCA) complexes from FRET mechanism analysis of a self-assembled molecular probe by TDDFT method.
Chronic low-level cadmium exposure in rats affects cytokine production by activated T cells
Authors: Turley Alexandra E. , Zagorski Joseph W. , Kennedy Rebekah C. , Freeborn Robert A. , Bursley Jenna K. , Edwards Joshua R. , Rockwell Cheryl E.
Published: January 2019

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of subchronic, oral, low-dose cadmium exposure (32 ppm over 10 weeks) on the rat immune system. We found that cadmium exposure increased the induction of IFNγ and IL-10 in T cells activated ex vivo after cadmium exposure.
TP53 rs1042522 C>G polymorphism and Wilms tumor susceptibility in Chinese children: a four-center case–control study
Authors: Liu Peng , Zhuo Zhenjian , Li Wenya , Cheng Jiwen , Zhou Haixia , He Jing , Zhang Jiao , Wang Jiaxiang
Published: January 2019

Wilms tumor is the most common renal malignancy that occurs in children. TP53 gene is considered as a tumor-suppressing gene through controlling cell growth. TP53 gene rs1042522 C>G (Arg72Pro) polymorphism is widely investigated in various types of cancers. However, it is not established if TP53 rs1042522 C>G polymorphism is a candidate variant for Wilms tumor risk. The aim of the study was to determine whether TP53 rs1042522 C>G polymorphism is responsible for the risk of Wilms tumor in Chinese children. All subjects (355 cases and 1070 controls) from four centers of China were genotyped for rs1042522 C>G polymorphism. The effect of rs1042522 C>G polymorphism on Wilms tumor prevalence was analyzed using logistic regression models. We failed to detect a significant relationship between rs1042522 C>G polymorphism and Wilms tumor risk. Further stratification analysis also could not detect a significant relationship. We conclude that TP53 rs1042522 C>G polymorphism might not have enough impact on the risk of Wilms tumor. More validation study with larger sample size will be required to better define the role of TP53 rs1042522 C>G polymorphism in Wilms tumor risk.
Vector‐angle penalised NSGA‐III to solve many‐objective optimisation problems
Authors: Gupta R. , Nanda S.J.
Published: January 2019

One of the major challenges in evolutionary many‐objective optimisation is to maintain convergence and diversity among Pareto‐optimal solutions. Taking both into consideration, this Letter presents a ‐NSGA‐III algorithm which incorporates minimum‐vector‐angle principle in association operation of original non‐dominated sorting genetic algorithm III (NSGA‐III) scheme to solve unconstrained many‐objective optimisation problems. Each non‐dominated population member close to a reference point is emphasised in optimal solution set using minimum vector‐angle penalty parameter with perpendicular distance in association operation. Performance evaluation of ‐NSGA‐III algorithm is done over unconstrained DTLZ test suite by computing delta () and inverted generational distance as quality metrics. The improved performance of the suggested algorithm over NSGA‐III, MOEA/D and VaEA could be considered as an alternative tool to handle optimisation problems with more than three conflicting objectives.
Data fusion‐aided cognitive radio network over generalised fading channels
Authors: Nallagonda Srinivas
Published: January 2019

In this Letter, the authors study analytical performance of various soft data fusion (SDF) schemes over generalised fading channels in a cognitive radio network. Two generalised fading models, namely, and are considered individually in the sensing channels and various SDF techniques are implemented at the fusion centre. Novel analytical frameworks for cooperative detection probability are developed subject to SDF and generalised fading and validated through computer simulations. Optimal values of the detection thresholds are determined where an average error rate is minimum.
Locking of RO due to RF interference in supply
Authors: Xiao Zhiyu , Chen Dihu , Su Tao
Published: January 2019

An unusual behaviour of a ring oscillator (RO) is described, namely the RF interference in the supply can lock the operational frequency of the RO. The lock is not an oscillator‐level lock, but a gate‐level lock. Transistor‐level simulations are performed on various technologies. The locking phenomenon appears in all simulated cases and follows certain rules. Moreover, the model is also verified with an RO test board. In contrast to traditional injection locking, where the injection is applied to the signal pin of the oscillator, the locking behaviour introduced is caused by the injection in the supply. To the best of knowledge, this type of locking phenomenon has been reported and demonstrated for the first time.
Practical backstepping control for underactuated ship path following associated with disturbances
Authors: Liu Zhiquan
Published: January 2019

Robust tracking control of underactuated surface vessels is an important issue in marine control engineering all along. This study intends to enhance the robustness of the motion control system which associates with unknown dynamics and time‐varying disturbances. A practical adaptive backstepping control scheme is developed to keep a surface ship along the desired course that generated by a virtual ship. This control scheme can guarantee the error dynamic system to be globally uniformly asymptotically stable by the Lyapunov stability theorem. Furthermore, this algorithm can be implemented without the exact information of the non‐linear hydrodynamics and random ocean disturbances. The employed pre‐filter can provide a smooth transition of the desired course angle and its derivatives that based on the line‐of‐sight guidance method when the desired path is a non‐smooth curve. The proposed controller can steer the underactuated vessel and follow the reference course accurately whether the desired course is smooth or non‐smooth. In addition, this method can effectively reduce the fluctuation of the control moment when the desired path is a non‐smooth curve. Two simulation cases are drawn to illustrate the validity of the proposed control strategy.
Cluster‐based distributed cooperative spectrum sensing over Nakagami fading using diversity reception
Authors: Sharma Girraj , Sharma Ritu
Published: January 2019

Cooperative spectrum sensing (CSS) can solve the problem of hidden terminal in cognitive radio (CR). CSS can be employed in two ways distributed and centralised. In wireless networking, clustering can provide network scalability, better resource allocation, and energy efficiency. Here, cluster‐based distributed CSS is investigated over Nakagami channel. In the proposed scheme, four fusion policies OR–OR, OR–AND, AND–OR, and AND–AND are investigated. An analytical framework has been presented to evaluate different parameters related to spectrum sensing, i.e. detection probability, false alarm probability, and missed detection probability for Nakagami fading channel. On the basis of the developed framework, the performance of cluster‐based distributed CSS has been compared with the centralised CSS. Results show that OR–OR fusion rule of the cluster‐based distributed CSS outperforms other fusion rules and centralised CSS. To achieve 80% probability of detection, SNR required is <10 dB in OR–OR fusion, whereas it is >10 dB for other fusion schemes. Further performance improvement is achieved by using square law selection and maximum ratio combining diversity schemes.
Orbital and physical parameters of eclipsing binaries from the All-Sky Automated Survey catalogue
Authors: Hełminiak K. G. , Tokovinin A. , Niemczura E. , Pawłaszek R. , Yanagisawa K. , Brahm R. , Espinoza N. , Ukita N. , Kambe E. , Ratajczak M. , Hempel M. , Jordán A. , Konacki M. , Sybilski P. , Kozłowski S. K. , Litwicki M. , Tamura M.
Published: January 2019

Aims. We present results of the combined photometric and spectroscopic analysis of three detached eclipsing binaries, the secondary components of which are not visible or are very hard to identify in the optical spectra – ASAS J052743–0359.7, ASAS J065134–2211.5, and ASAS J073507–0905.7. The first one is the known visual binary ADS 4022, and we found that it is a quadruple system composed of two spectroscopic binaries, one of which shows eclipses. None of the systems have previously been recognized as a spectroscopic binary.

Methods. We used the following telescopes/spectrographs to collect a number of high-resolution optical and IR spectra: Subaru/IRCS, CTIO-1.5 m/CHIRON,Euler/CORALIE, MPG-2.2 m/FEROS, OAO-188/HIDES, and TNG/HARPS-N. We used these data to calculate radial velocities (RVs) and later combined them with MITSuME and ASAS photometry. The Subaru/IRCS IR spectra were crucial for secure identification of the lines of the cooler components. Radial velocity measurements were made with the TODCOR technique, and RV curves were modelled with our own procedure V2FIT. Light-curve modelling was performed with JKTEBOP and PHOEBE codes. Temperatures and metallicities of two systems were estimated from spectra. For the ADS 4022 system we also used the archival WDS data and new SOAR observations in order to derive the orbit of the visual pair for the first time. Ages were estimated by comparing our results with PARSEC isochrones.

Results. The eclipsing pair ASAS J052743–0359.7 A (P = 5.27 d) is composed of a 1.03(6)M⊙, 1.03(2)R⊙primary and a 0.60(2)M⊙, 0.59(2)R⊙secondary. The components of theP = 21.57 d non-eclipsing pair B likely have masses in between the two eclipsing components, and both pairs are on a ∼188 yr orbit around their common centre of mass. The system ASAS J065134-2211.5 (P = 8.22 d) consists of a 0.956(12)M⊙, 0.997(4)R⊙primary and a 0.674(5)M⊙, 0.690(7)R⊙secondary. Finally, ASAS J073507-0905.7 (P = 1.45 d), which consists of a 1.452(34)M⊙, 1.635(12)R⊙primary and a 0.808(13)M⊙, 0.819(11)R⊙secondary, is likely a pre-main sequence system. In all cases secondary eclipses are total.
Structure of a collisionless pair jet in a magnetized electron–proton plasma: flow-aligned magnetic field
Authors: Dieckmann M. E. , Folini D. , Hotz I. , Nordman A. , Dell’Acqua P. , Ynnerman A. , Walder R.
Published: January 2019

Aims. We study the effect a guiding magnetic field has on the formation and structure of a pair jet that propagates through a collisionless electron–proton plasma at rest.

Methods. We model with a particle-in-cell (PIC) simulation a pair cloud with a temperature of 400 keV and a mean speed of 0.9c (c - light speed). Pair particles are continuously injected at the boundary. The cloud propagates through a spatially uniform, magnetized, and cool ambient electron–proton plasma at rest. The mean velocity vector of the pair cloud is aligned with the uniform background magnetic field. The pair cloud has a lateral extent of a few ion skin depths.

Results. A jet forms in time. Its outer cocoon consists of jet-accelerated ambient plasma and is separated from the inner cocoon by an electromagnetic piston with a thickness that is comparable to the local thermal gyroradius of jet particles. The inner cocoon consists of pair plasma, which lost its directed flow energy while it swept out the background magnetic field and compressed it into the electromagnetic piston. A beam of electrons and positrons moves along the jet spine at its initial speed. Its electrons are slowed down and some positrons are accelerated as they cross the head of the jet. The latter escape upstream along the magnetic field, which yields an excess of megaelectronvolt positrons ahead of the jet. A filamentation instability between positrons and protons accelerates some of the protons, which were located behind the electromagnetic piston at the time it formed, to megaelectronvolt energies.

Conclusions. A microscopic pair jet in collisionless plasma has a structure that is similar to that predicted by a hydrodynamic model of relativistic astrophysical pair jets. It is a source of megaelectronvolt positrons. An electromagnetic piston acts as the contact discontinuity between the inner and outer cocoons. It would form on subsecond timescales in a plasma with a density that is comparable to that of the interstellar medium in the rest frame of the latter. A supercritical fast magnetosonic shock will form between the pristine ambient plasma and the jet-accelerated plasma on a timescale that exceeds our simulation time by an order of magnitude.
First principles simulation of damage to solvated nucleotides due to shock waves
Authors: Fraile Alberto , Smyth Maeve , Kohanoff Jorge , Solov’yov Andrey V.
Published: January 2019

We present a first-principles molecular dynamics study of the effect of shock waves (SWs) propagating in a model biological medium. We find that the SW can cause chemical modifications through varied and complex mechanisms, in particular, phosphate-sugar and sugar-base bond breaks. In addition, the SW promotes the dissociation of water molecules, thus enhancing the ionic strength of the medium. Freed protons can hydrolyze base and sugar rings previously opened by the shock. However, many of these events are only temporary, and bonds reform rapidly. Irreversible damage is observed for pressures above 15-20 GPa. These results are important to gain a better understanding of the microscopic damage mechanisms underlying cosmic-ray irradiation in space and ion-beam cancer therapy.
Asymptotic Bessel-function expansions for Legendre and Jacobi functions
Authors: Durand Loyal
Published: January 2019

We present new asymptotic series for the Legendre and Jacobi functions of the first and second kinds in terms of Bessel functions with appropriate arguments. The results are useful in the context of scattering problems, improve on known limiting results, and allow the calculation of corrections to the leading Bessel-function approximations for these functions. Our derivations of these series are based on Barnes-type representations of the Legendre, Jacobi, and Bessel functions; our method appears to be new. We use the results, finally, to obtain asymptotic Bessel function expansions for the rotation functions needed to describe the scattering of particles with spin.
A new kinetic theory model of granular flows that incorporates particle stiffness
Authors: Duan Yifei , Feng Zhi-Gang
Published: January 2019

Granular materials of practical interest in general have finite stiffness; therefore, the particle collision is a process that takes finite time to complete. Soft-sphere Discrete Element Method (DEM) simulations suggest that there are three regimes for granular shear flows: inertial regime (or rapid flow regime), elastic regime (or quasistatic regime), and the transition regime (or elastic-inertial regime). If we use tf to represent the mean free flight time for a particle between two consecutive collisions and tc to represent the binary collision duration, these regimes are implicitly related to the ratio tc/tf. Granular flows can be successfully predicted by the classical Kinetic Theory (KT) when they are in the inertial regime of low particle-particle collision frequencies and short time contacts (tc/tf ≈ 0). However, we find that KT becomes less accurate in the transition regime where the collision duration tc is no longer small compared with the collision interval tf (tc/tf > 0.05). To address this issue, we develop a soft-sphere KT (SSKT) model that takes particle stiffness k as an input parameter since tc/tf is mainly determined by k. This is achieved by proposing a modified expression for the collision frequency and introducing an elastic granular temperature Te. Compared with the classical KT that only considers the kinetic granular temperature Tk, a redefined total granular temperature (Tg = Tk + Te/3) that takes both kinetic fluctuation energy and elastic potential energy into consideration is used in the SSKT model. The model is developed for identical frictionless particles with the linear-spring-dashpot collision scheme; however, it can be extended to frictional systems as well after the modification of constitutive equations. We show that the proposed SSKT extends the applicability of the KT framework to the transition regime without losing significant accuracy. The rheological crossover has been explained physically, and the regime boundaries that separate the inertial regime and the elastic regime are quantitatively determined, showing good agreement with the previous regime map that was based on the DEM simulations. Our SSKT predictions also show that for unsteady flows such as homogeneous cooling, the particle stiffness could have a large impact on the granular flow behavior due to the energy transfer between Te and Tk.
On the large-scale dynamics of f−plane zonally symmetric circulations
Authors: Kieu Chanh , Wang Quan
Published: January 2019

In this study, an f-plane dynamical model for incompressible flows is presented to examine the mechanisms underlying the structure and stability of large-scale zonally symmetric circulations. Analyses based on the Principle of Exchange of Stabilities reveal that this zonally symmetric model possesses a single-cell structure in the absence of the Coriolis force, similar to the single-cell general atmospheric circulation in the absence of the Earth’s rotation as previously hypothesized. The circulation, however, bifurcates into a triple-cell structure in the presence of the Coriolis force if the vertical temperature gradient, the rotational rate, and the momentum eddy coefficients satisfy a certain constraint. Further analyses of this triple-cell structure as a result of the Coriolis force show that this structure is topologically stable, thus offering new insight into the highly resilient structure of the Earth’s atmospheric global circulations.
Analytical model of the fundamental mode of 3D square split ring resonators
Authors: Vallecchi Andrea , Shamonina Ekaterina , Stevens Christopher J.
Published: January 2019

An analytical model is developed for the charge and potential distributions of the fundamental mode of three-dimensional (3D) singly split ring resonators (SRRs) with square cross section, which nowadays can be conveniently fabricated by additive manufacturing techniques. This model allows the derivation of approximate formulas for the equivalent capacitance and the analysis of the resonant properties of this type of SRRs at any frequency. The total capacitance is expressed as the sum of the usual gap capacitance and a surface capacitance associated with the charges on the SRR walls, which are determined from the solution for the irrotational part of the electric field of a square split cylinder obtained by conformal mapping. The applicability of the proposed model for a broad range of SRR parameters is demonstrated by comparing the resonance frequency of sample SRR configurations found theoretically with the corresponding values obtained by numerical simulations and experiments. Furthermore, the functions describing the charge and current mode profiles provided in this work can be instrumental in estimating the near-field interaction and the coupling constants of an ensemble of resonant 3D square split rings and thus for tailoring the response of metamaterials and other devices formed by these elements.
Helical micromotor operating under stationary DC electrostatic field
Authors: Yamamoto Daigo , Kosugi Kento , Hiramatsu Kazuya , Zhang Wenyu , Shioi Akihisa , Kamata Kaori , Iyoda Tomokazu , Yoshikawa Kenichi
Published: January 2019

The direct current (DC) motor is a rotary device that converts DC electrical energy into mechanical energy. However, it is known that, in downsizing the currently available macromotor, rotary motion of DC micromotors cannot work well due to the larger viscous effect. Here, we report simple DC micromotors working under a new principle. We previously revealed that in an oil phase containing an ionic surfactant, non-spherical particles exhibit various types of regular motions such as spinning and circular orbital motions. In this study, we found that a microhelix exhibits a new type of periodic motion, namely, the cork-screw-type rotation, in a specific direction depending on the material of the helix, metal or non-metallic organics. The results show that a left-handed nickel helix rotates in the clockwise direction when viewed from the positive electrode, whereas an organic one rotates in the opposite direction (anti-clockwise) under the same electrode arrangement with stationary constant DC voltage. In addition, we demonstrate that the cork-screw rotation is switched to opposite direction by changing the handedness (chirality). It is to be noted that the micromotors reported here maintain their stable motion without any mechanical support such as rotational axes or electronic switching devices. The invented DC micromotor would be applicable for mechanical and fluidic devices, being useful as a smart device in microrobots and microfluidics.
Excitation of graphene magneto-plasmons in terahertz range and giant Kerr rotation
Authors: Guo Jun , Dai Xiaoyu , Xiang Yuanjiang , Tang Dingyuan
Published: January 2019

We propose three classical coupling methods (Otto, Kretschmann, and grating configurations) to excite graphene magneto-plasmons (MPs). After MP excitation, extraordinary Kerr rotations are obtained. As a demonstration, we discuss the Otto configuration in detail, but the other two methods have similar mechanisms and are only given limited descriptions. The dispersion relations of the MPs are discussed and found to well match previous predictions. It is found that the MP excitation and critical coupling are directly responsible for the large Kerr rotations. Combining the graphene MPs and critical coupling, much larger Kerr rotations (easily above 20°) away from the cyclotron resonance are achieved, as compared to previously described Faraday rotations (below 10°) using graphene MPs. By optimizing the graphene properties and structure parameters, the Kerr rotations are further enhanced. Moreover, using the grating coupling method, we easily find the largest Kerr rotation over 50° at 3 THz. The results are calculated using the anisotropic scattering-matrix method, and the finite element method is used as a comparison. The calculation methods are discussed in detail as a basis for future studies. These results are helpful not only to better understand graphene MPs but also for their potential terahertz applications.
Electric-field control of spin orientation of manganocene: An insight into molecule-substrate interactions
Authors: Zhang Yachao
Published: January 2019

The manipulation of spin orientations in molecular nanomagnets assembled on surfaces is essential for the development of memory devices. These properties are dominated by interactions with the substrate. Here, we show that individual manganocene molecules deposited on Cu(111) exhibit different easy magnetization directions in an applied electric-field due to different contact geometries. Using Hubbard-U corrected density-functional theory to describe strong correlation effects and a non-self-consistent diagonalization method to treat spin-orbit coupling, we demonstrate that the field-induced spin reorientation transition occurs in the standing-up molecule in both high-spin (HS) and low-spin states, while the transition only occurs in the HS state for the flat-lying molecule. We propose plausible mechanisms in terms of charge polarization at the interface as well as modifications of the electronic states near the Fermi level EF. We show that the molecule largely preserves its arrangement of 3d orbitals in the standing configuration due to the “insulating layer” (bridging ligand), whereas direct contact of the Mn ion with the substrate in the lying configuration induces an orbital degeneracy around EF, thus preventing the electrical modulation of magnetic anisotropies.
Theoretical Study of Phenothiazine Organic Dyes with Different Spacers for Dye-Sensitised Solar Cells
Authors: Ouared Ihssène , Rekhis Mâammar , Trari Mohamed
Published: January 2019

In this paper, six organic dyes have been studied by density functional theory (DFT). The electron-acceptor group is the cyanoacrylic acid unit for all sensitisers, and the electron-donor unit is a phenothiazine (PTZ) fragment substituted by an ethynyl-pyrene unit; the π-linker was varied, and the influence was investigated. The dye bearing the divinylthiophene linker showed the highest absorption maximum. The theoretical photovoltaic properties revealed that the overall efficiency of the solar cell could be remarkably improved using the designed dyes. The results indicated that all of the studied organic dyes are good candidates as photosensitisers for dye-sensitised solar cells (DSSCs).
DNA synthesis pattern, proteome, and ABA and GA signalling in developing seeds of Norway maple (Acer platanoides)
Authors: Staszak Aleksandra M. , Rewers Monika , Sliwinska Elwira , Klupczynska Ewelina A. , Pawlowski Tomasz A.
Published: January 2019

Mature seeds of Norway maple exhibit desiccation tolerance and deep physiological dormancy. Flow cytometry, proteomics, and immunodetection have been combined to investigate seed development of this species. DNA content analysis revealed that cell cycle/endoreduplication activity differs between seed organs and developmental stages. In the embryo axis, the proportion of the nuclei with the highest DNA content (4C) increases at the beginning of maturation (17 weeks after flowering; WAF), and then is stable until the end of maturation, to increase again after drying. In cotyledons, during maturation endopolyploid nuclei (8C) occur and the intensity of endoreduplication increases up to 21 WAF, and then is stable until development is completed. In dry mature seeds, the proportion of 4C nuclei is high, and reaches 36% in the embryo axis and 52% in cotyledons. Proteomic studies revealed that energy and carbon metabolism, fatty acid biosynthesis, storage and antioxidant proteins are associated with seed development. Study of the ABI5 protein, a transcription factor involved in ABA signalling, and the RGL2 protein, a repressor of the GA signalling indicates that the highest accumulation of these proteins occurs in fully-matured and dried seeds. It is suggested that this increase in accumulation can be associated with completion of maturation, mainly with desiccation and dormancy acquisition.