bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cell-Dependent Pathogenic Roles of Filamin B in Different Skeletal Malformations
Authors: Wu Huixiao , Wang Yanzhou , Chen Xinyu , Yao Yangyang , Zhao Wanyi , Fang Li , Sun Xiaoqing , Wang Ning , Jiang Jie , Gao Ling , Zhao Jiajun , Xu Chao
Published: July 2022

Mutations of filamin B (FLNB) gene can lead to a spectrum of autosomal skeletal malformations including spondylocarpotarsal syndrome (SCT), Larsen syndrome (LRS), type I atelosteogenesis (AO1), type III atelosteogenesis (AO3), and boomerang dysplasia (BD). Among them, LRS is milder while BD causes a more severe phenotype. However, the molecular mechanism underlying the differences in clinical phenotypes of different FLNB variants has not been fully determined. Here, we presented two patients suffering from autosomal dominant LRS and autosomal recessive vitamin D-dependent rickets type IA (VDDR-IA). Whole-exome sequencing revealed two novel missense variants in FLNB, c.4846A>G (p.T1616A) and c.7022T>G (p.I2341R), which are located in repeat 15 and 22 of filamin B, respectively. The expression of FLNBI2341R in the muscle tissue from our LRS patient was remarkably increased. And in vitro studies showed that both variants led to a lack of filopodia and accumulation of the mutants in the perinuclear region in HEK293 cells. We also found that c.4846A>G (p.T1616A) and c.7022T>G (p.I2341R) regulated endochondral osteogenesis in different ways. c.4846A>G (p.T1616A) activated AKT pathways through inhibiting SHIP2, suppressed the Smad3 pathway, and impaired the expression of Runx2 in both Saos-2 and ATDC5 cells. c.7022T>G (p.I2341R) activated both AKT and Smad3 pathways and increased the expression of Runx2 in Saos-2 cells, while in ATDC5 cells it activated AKT pathways through inhibiting SHIP2, suppressed the Smad3 pathway, and reduced the expression of Runx2. Our study demonstrated the pathogenic mechanisms of two novel FLNB variants in two different clinical settings and proved that FLNB variants could not only directly cause skeletal malformations but also worsen skeletal symptoms in the setting of other skeletal diseases. Besides, FLNB variants differentially affect skeletal development which contributes to clinical heterogeneity of FLNB-related disorders.
Physical Distancing and Mental Well-Being in Youth Population of Portugal and Brazil during the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Gil Jesus D.C. , Aguiar Pedro Manuel Vargues , Azeredo-Lopes Sofia , Soares Patrícia , Moura Heriederson S.D. , Arcêncio Ricardo A. , Goes Ana Rita Oliveira , Gama Ana , Pedro Ana Rita Sousa , Nunes Carla , Moniz Ana Marta Feliciano , Laires Pedro , Dias Sónia Ferreira , Souza Rosa M.P. , Pinto Liana W. , Abrantes Alexandre
Published: July 2022

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic may affect youth’s physical and mental well-being, partially because of the countries’ rules to contain the virus from spreading. However, there is still uncertainty about the impact of physical distancing on youth’s mental health. We aimed to estimate the prevalence of feeling agitated, anxious, down, sad, or low mood (FNF) due to physical distance measures and verify which factors are associated with young Portuguese and Brazilian people. Methods: We used cross-sectional data from the instrument “COVID-19 Barometer: Social Opinion” in Portugal (March 2020 and September 2021) and from “COVID-19 Social Thermometer” in Brazil (August 2020 to April 2021); these surveys included data regarding the health and socioeconomic impact on the population. The health and sociodemographic variables of the two countries were summarized as absolute and relative frequencies. A multivariable logistic regression model was fit by country to estimate the relation between FNF and selected variables of interest. Results: Approximately 36% of the sample studied reported anxiety, agitation, sadness, or low mood almost every day in Portugal and 52% in Brazil due to physical distancing. In Portugal, having more than two comorbidities represented a greater chance of experiencing FNF every day or almost every day (odds ratio [OR] = 1.51 [CI: 1.22–1.87]) than those without comorbidities. In contrast, having a university education level represented a protector factor (OR = 0.76 [CI: 0.67–0.88]). In Brazil, being unemployed increased the chance of FNF compared to students (OR = 11.2). Conclusions: Physical distancing measures have impacted the mental well-being of the young population in Portugal and Brazil. The countries must make a quick effort to attend to and protect young people’s well-being and mental health in the changing context of the current pandemic.
Cytokine Expression in Staphylococcal and Streptococcal Endophthalmitis
Authors: Soon Marcus Y. , Allen Penelope J. , Dawkins Rosie C.H.
Published: July 2022

Background: Endophthalmitis is an infection of ocular tissues, often with devastating outcomes for vision. Immunomodulation is an emerging avenue for therapeutic intervention in endophthalmitis, with the expression of cytokines central to potential mechanisms. This literature review with a systematic approach characterizes the cytokine expression in both animal and human staphylococcal and streptococcal endophthalmitis. Method and Results: Four online databases were searched for studies profiling cytokine levels in animal models or human populations with staphylococcal and/or streptococcal endophthalmitis. Of the 1,060 articles identified, 14 studies were included in this review comprising eight animal models and six human populations. Mouse, rat, and rabbit models of Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, and Streptococcus pneumoniae endophthalmitis had elevated levels of IL-1β, IL-6, IFN-γ, TNF-α, and IL-8, with earlier peaks observed in S. epidermidis infection. Human endophthalmitis demonstrated significantly increased mediator levels compared to controls for a range of pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines, chemokines, and growth factors. Several associations were established between cytokine concentrations and both initial visual acuity and visual prognosis, with no consistent correlations across trials. Conclusions: It may be that virulence factors and the combinations of toll-like receptors activated influence the pathogen-specific visual outcomes observed in endophthalmitis. Furthermore, disease severity and potential therapeutic targets may be dependent on synergistic and compensatory cytokine pathways and the expression of anti-inflammatory mediators. Future research should aim to better characterize the roles of inflammatory mediators and solidify associations between pathogens, inflammation, and endophthalmitis outcomes. This has exciting implications for the prevention and treatment of endophthalmitis in clinical settings.
Social Connectedness among Long-Stay Nursing Home Residents with Alzheimer’s and Dementia: Exploring Individual and Facility-Level Variation
Authors: Lapane Kate L. , Dubé Catherine E. , Jesdale Bill M. , Bova Carol
Published: July 2022

Introduction: This study sought to explore individual and facility-level variation in social connectedness among long-stay nursing home residents with Alzheimer’s or other dementias (ADRD). Methods: We identified 721,074 long-stay residents with ADRD using 2016 Minimum Data Set 3.0 data. Social connectedness was defined using the social connectedness index (SCI) (high: SCI = 5, lower: 0 < SCI ≤ 4). Adjusted odds ratios (aOR) provided estimates of the associations between resident-level and facility-level characteristics, and high SCI was derived from logistic models. Results: The SCI Cronbach’s alpha was 0.69; 78.6% had high SCI scores. Men were less likely than women to have higher SCI scores (aOR = 0.97; 95% CI: 0.97–0.98). Increasing age was associated with higher SCI scores (e.g., aOR [85–94 vs. 40–64 years]: 1.07; 95% CI: 1.06–1.07). Those with moderate cognitive impairment (aOR: 0.87) and severe cognitive impairment (aOR: 0.85) had reduced odds of SCI = 5 relative to those with mild/intact cognitive function. Residents living in homes with special care dementia units and with higher percentage of residents with dementia had decreased odds of high social connectedness. Discussion/Conclusion: Understanding resident- and nursing home-level variation in social connectedness may be important for targeting interventions that reduce isolation among residents with ADRD.
Fallbericht: Verzögert einsetzende Multi-Organ-Toxizitäten bei einem Melanompatienten, der ein vollständiges Ansprechen auf BRAF/MEK-Hemmung erreicht
Authors: Knochelmann Hannah M. , Ware Michael Brandon , Rali Adiiya , Lindermann Susanne , Shantha Jessica G. , Lawson David H. , Yushak Melinda , Swerlicke Robert , Paulos Chrystal M. , Yeh Steven , Kudchadkars Ragini
Published: July 2022

Autoimmuntoxizitäten, die nach der Behandlung mit Krebsimmuntherapien häufig auftreten, sind bei Patienten, die mit BRAF/MEK-Inhibitoren behandelt werden, nicht gut charakterisiert. Neuere Daten deuten darauf hin, dass Autoimmuneffekte mit einem überragenden Ansprechen auf beide Behandlungsmodalitäten verbunden sein können; es gibt jedoch wenig Evidenz, die Mechanismen der immunbedingten Toxizität für Patienten unter BRAF/MEK-Inhibitoren beschreibt. Hier beschreiben wir die Erfahrungen eines 59-jährigen HLA-A2, A29, B27-positiven Mannes mit rezidivierendem/metastasierendem Melanom. Nach Progression unter Checkpoint-Inhibitor-Therapie wurde er mit Dabrafenib/Trametinib, gefolgt von Encorafenib/Binimetinib, behandelt, die gut vertragen wurden und zu einem vollständigen Ansprechen führten. 18 Monate nach der BRAF/MEK-Inhibitor-Therapie und drei Monate nach dem ersten vollständigen Ansprechen entwickelte er eine Reihe plötzlich einsetzender, schwerer Toxizitäten: nämlich bilaterale Panuveitis, Zytopenien, Gelenkschmerzen, Hautausschlag, Hyperkalzämie und interstitielle Nephritis, die zu einem BRAF/MEKi-Abbruch führten. Immunologische Analysen zeigten die Induktion einer peripheren Typ-17-Zytokin-Signatur, die durch hohe IL-23-, IL-6-, IL-10-, IL-17A/F-, IL-113- und IL-21-Zytokine im Plasma gekennzeichnet ist, die dem Ausmaß der Symptome entsprechen. Diese Ergebnisse zeigen einen neuen Fall einer verzögerten autoimmunähnlichen Reaktion auf die BRAF/MEK-Inhibition und weisen auf eine mögliche Rolle der ThiTc17-Aktivierung in ihrer Pathogenese hin, was eine zukünftige klinische und immunologische Charakterisierung rechtfertigt.
The ChorioAnchor: Design and Testing of a Novel Chorioamniotic Anchoring Device to Enable Percutaneous Fetoscopic Surgery
Authors: Byju Achu G. , Diemer Ashley , Luk Christine , Heffernan Michael J. , Belfort Michael A. , Simons Brian W. , Koh Chester J. , Haridas Balakrishna , Espinoza Jimmy
Published: July 2022

Introduction: Percutaneous fetoscopic surgery is hampered by an increased risk of preterm prelabor rupture of membranes (PPROM). Recent surgical techniques have shown that suturing the chorioamniotic membranes following laparotomy and uterine exteriorization is associated with a lower risk of PPROM compared to percutaneous in utero surgery. This study presents the ChorioAnchor, a novel resorbable device that percutaneously anchors the chorioamniotic membranes to the uterine wall. Methods: Human factors testing and peel tests were used to simulate the worst-case in-use loading conditions, establishing the device strength requirements. Tensile testing was used to measure the time-zero strength of the device. Porcine cadaver testing was used to examine ultrasound visibility and acute handling characteristics. Short-term host response was examined through an acute 7-day implantation study in a rabbit model. Results: With a time-zero tensile strength of 47 N, the ChorioAnchor exceeded the established 4 N strength requirement. Both the ChorioAnchor and delivery device were seen to be clearly visible under ultrasound imaging. Short-term host response to the device was well within the range expected for this type of device. Conclusion: The ChorioAnchor meets its engineering requirements in the early stages of implantation. Future studies will examine the kinetics of degradation of the device in vitro and in vivo.
DOĞRUDAN YABANCI SERMAYE YATIRIMLARI İKTİSADİ BÜYÜME İLİŞKİSİ: G-7 ÜLKELERİ ÜZERİNE BİR ANALİZ (2000-2020)
Authors: AYYILDIZ Fatih Volkan , ÜZÜMCÜ Adem
Published: July 2022

Bu çalışmanın amacı G-7 ülkeleri örneğinde 2000-2020 döneminde doğrudan yabancı sermaye yatırımları (DYY) ile iktisadi büyüme arasında ilişki olup olmadığını belirlemektir. Bu çerçevede G-7 ülkeleri örneğinde 2000-2020 döneminde bu iki değişken arasında muhtemel bir ilişkiyi tespit etmek için panel eşbütünleşme ve panel nedensellik analizleri yapılmıştır. G-7 ülkeleri örneğinde 2000-2020 dönemi için yapılan eşbütünleşme testine göre iktisadi büyüme ve DYY değişkenleri arasında eşbütünleşme ilişkisi olduğu sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Ayrıca G-7 ülkeleri örneğinde 2000-2020 dönemi için yapılan panel nedensellik testi sonuçlarına göre DYY’den iktisadi büyümeye doğru nedensellik ilişkisi bulunamamış, buna karşın iktisadi büyümeden DYY’ye doğru tek yönlü nedensellik ilişkisine ulaşılmıştır.
Geophagus pyrineusi: a new species from the rio Teles Pires, rio Tapajós basin, Brazil (Cichliformes: Cichlidae: Geophagini)
Authors: DE CARVALHO DEPRÁ GABRIEL , OHARA WILLIAN MASSAHARU , SILVA HUGMAR PAINS
Published: July 2022

Geophagus pyrineusi, new species, is described from the rio Teles Pires drainage, rio Tapajós basin, Brazil. The new species can be diagnosed from the majority of the congeners by presenting a complete infraorbital bar. Additionally, it differs from all other congeners by several coloration-related character states: flank bars 5 and 6–7 as dark as the infraorbital bar, and almost as dark as the midlateral spot; retention of dorsal melanophoric patch 6 as a distinct mark (not connected to any lateral melanophoric patch), and almost as dark as the midlateral spot in adults; retention of lateral melanophoric patch 1p and almost complete absence of dorsal- and caudal-fin color patterns in adults, among other characters.
Discovery of the first apterous pincer wasp from amber, with description of a new tribe, genus and species of Apodryininae (Hymenoptera, Dryinidae)
Authors: OLMI MASSIMO , GUGLIELMINO ADALGISA , VASILENKO DMITRY V. , PERKOVSKY EVGENY E.
Published: July 2022

†Rovnodryinus khomychi new genus and new species is described from Upper Eocene Rovno amber (Ukraine). It is the first apterous pincer wasp found in amber. This new taxon is attributed to the subfamily Apodryininae and the new tribe Rovnodryinini. The key to the subfamilies and tribes of Dryinidae is modified to include the new tribe. The new genus, known by a female, is characterized by the mesosoma almost completely composed of fused sclerites, the absence of wings and the presence of ocelli in the anterior half of the face. A close relationship of the new genus with the extant Apodryininae is underlined. R. khomychi is the first apodryinine found in the Northern Hemisphere. The tribe Rovnodryinini is the first higher taxon known only from Rovno amber. †Tritophania patruelis Jacobi and the tribe Elicini (Hemiptera, Fulgoromorpha, Tropiduchidae) are reported from Rovno amber for the first time.
A new deep-sea sponge Fibulia occiensis sp. nov. (Poecilosclerida: Dendoricellidae) from the 25° South Oceanic Core Complex in the Central Indian Ocean Ridge
Authors: RENGAIYAN PERIASAMY , PALAYIL JOHN KURIAN , INGOLE BABAN
Published: July 2022

We describe a new deep-sea sponge species, Fibulia occiensis sp. nov., from the Central Indian Ocean Ridge (CIOR) at Rodrigues Triple Junction (RTJ), of the family Dendoricellidae Hentschel, 1923. Two sponge specimens were collected between 1982–2079 m depth using a benthic sledge in the 25° South Oceanic Core Complex (OCC) region. The megabenthic fauna was collected to establish a baseline of environmental and benthic ecological data. This data will be handy in assessing the impact of sulfide mining in the near future. Fibulia occiensis sp. nov. is fragile and stalked, has a single type of oxea, and no sigma. The new species is different from the congeneric Fibulia species by its larger oxeas and the strongly curved isochelae.
An Elementary Tariff Reform for a Free Trade Area
Authors: Richardson Martin
Published: July 2022

In this note I identify a simple Pareto-improving tariff reform for two countries in a free trade area, motivated by the approach in Kemp and Wan (1976), involving a move ‘towards’ a Kemp-Wan customs union.

JEL Codes: F02, F13, F15
Sensorless torque and flux control of induction motor fed by photovoltaic system
Authors: Kraiem Habib
Published: July 2022

This paper presents a new direct torque and flux control method for induction motor fed from Photovoltaic (PV) System. The proposed strategy is based on Stator Field Orientation with deadbeat torque and flux control. The deedbeat control approach is based on establishing the voltage vector necessary to supply the motor and reach the electromagnetic torque and flux references at the end of a sampling period T. In order to create the voltage shape and frequency to control the induction motor, the inverter is supplied by a DC voltage extracted from a PV system. Model Reference Adaptive System and Luenberger Observer are designed to determine the stator flux and rotor speed. Extensive simulation work was carried out, which demonstrated that the proposed strategy is capable of reducing the torque and flux ripples and maintaining a constant switching frequency.
Gelatin-based cellular solids: Fabrication, structure and properties
Authors: Torrejon Virginia Martin , Song Jim , Yu Zhang , Hang Song
Published: July 2022

Although most cellular polymers are made from thermoplastics using different foaming technologies, gelatin and many other natural polymers can form hydrogels and convert them to cellular solids using various techniques, many of which differ from traditional plastic foaming, and so does their resulting structures. Cellular solids from natural hydrogels are porous materials that often exhibit a combination of desirable properties, including high specific surface area, biochemical activity, as well as thermal and acoustic insulation properties. Among natural hydrogels, gelatin-based porous materials are widely explored due to their availability, biocompatibility, biodegradability and relatively low cost. In addition, gelatin-based cellular solids have outstanding properties and are currently subject to increasing scientific research due to their potential in many applications, such as biocompatible cellular materials or biofoams to facilitate waste treatment. This article aims at providing a comprehensive review of gelatin cellular solids processing and their processing-properties-structure relationship. The fabrication techniques covered include aerogels production, mechanical foaming, blowing agents use, 3D printing, electrospinning and particle leaching methods. It is hoped that the assessment of their characteristics provides compiled information and guidance for selecting techniques and optimization of processing conditions to control material structure and properties to meet the needs of the finished products.
Mechanisms and Therapeutic Modulation of Neutrophil-Mediated Inflammation
Authors: Hajishengallis G. , Chavakis T.
Published: July 2022

Neutrophils are abundant, short-lived myeloid cells that are readily recruitable to sites of inflammation, where they serve as first-line defense against infection and other types of insult to the host. In recent years, there has been increased understanding on the involvement of neutrophils in chronic inflammatory diseases, where they may act as direct effectors of destructive inflammation. However, destructive tissue inflammation is also instigated in settings of neutrophil paucity, suggesting that neutrophils also mediate critical homeostatic functions. The activity of neutrophils is regulated by a variety of local tissue factors. In addition, systemic metabolic conditions, such as hypercholesterolemia and hyperglycemia, affect the production and mobilization of neutrophils from the bone marrow. Moreover, according to the recently emerged concept of innate immune memory, the functions of neutrophils can be enhanced through the process of trained granulopoiesis. This process may have both beneficial and potentially destructive effects, depending on context, that is, protective against infections and tumors, while destructive in the context of chronic inflammatory conditions. Although we are far from a complete understanding of the mechanisms underlying the regulation and function of neutrophils, current insights enable the development of targeted therapeutic interventions that can restrain neutrophil-mediated inflammation in chronic inflammatory diseases, such as periodontitis.
Social Competence and Relationships for Students With Emotional and Behavioral Disorders
Authors: de Swart Fanny , Burk William J. , Nelen Wendy B. L. , van Efferen Esther , van der Stege Heleen , Scholte Ron H. J.
Published: July 2022

This longitudinal study investigated bidirectional associations between pupils’ social competence and their interpersonal relationships and classroom climate in segregated special education schools for pupils with emotional and behavioral disorders in the Netherlands. Participants were in Grade 4 and 5 in School Year 1 ( N = 441) and Grade 5 and 6 in School Year 2 ( N = 504) ( Mage Time1 = 10.82, SD = 0.86). Digital surveys were administered to pupils and teachers twice each school year to gather information about pupils’ relationships with teachers and peers, classroom climate (structure, atmosphere), and social competence. Structural path models were estimated separately for each school year. Altogether, classroom structure and peer relations were inconsistently linked with teacher and self-reported social competence. Peer relationships (first school year) and structure (second school year) predicted teacher-reported social competence. Self-reported social competence predicted peer relationships, while teacher-reported social competence predicted structure (second school year). Explanations and implications of the findings are discussed.
Teacher Education for Sustainable Development: A Review of an Emerging Research Field
Authors: Fischer Daniel , King Jordan , Rieckmann Marco , Barth Matthias , Büssing Alexander , Hemmer Ingrid , Lindau-Bank Detlev
Published: July 2022

Teacher Education for Sustainable Development (TESD) is a niche innovation in teacher education that empowers teachers to prepare learners to address global socio-environmental challenges. To advance the diffusion of this niche innovation into general teacher education, this article offers a systematic literature review based on a qualitative analysis of 158 peer-reviewed publications on TESD research. Our results show that TESD research is a growing field characterized by five types of inquiry: designing learning environments, understanding learner attributes, measuring learning outcomes, promoting systems change, and advancing visions for the field. Major innovation potentials of TESD for more general teacher education are its emphasis on the grand socio-environmental challenges of our times, methodologies to engage with knowledge diversity (e.g., inter/transdisciplinarity), and sustainability science learning approaches (e.g., backcasting). We suggest that future work builds from this review to strengthen links between teacher education and TESD in enhancing quality education.
Preservice Teacher Reflection on Coteaching Implementation: Are We Meeting the Benchmarks?
Authors: Guise Megan , Ambroso Eric , Paulding Katie , Moore Courtney , Hegg Sarah
Published: July 2022

This research study shows one teacher preparation program’s (TPP) attempt to better gauge coteaching implementation and how a TPP can provide more immediate pair support. We present findings from the analysis of 777 weekly coteaching reflection surveys completed by 44 secondary preservice teachers over 20 weeks of the clinical experience. The research team developed “ideal” benchmarks for the coteaching reflection prompts and analyzed the data in respect to these benchmarks to see how close preservice teachers met coplanning, coinstructing, and coassessing benchmarks. Data are reported according to these benchmarks, presenting these data for the entire cohort and by individual disciplines before providing detailed case studies for two pairs within the English cohort. Recommendations are provided for TPPs who want to use a similar coteaching reflection survey and approach to data analysis to inform more immediate pair support.
A new middle-class fraction with a distinct subjectivity: Tech workers and the transformation of the entrepreneurial self
Authors: Dorschel Robert
Published: July 2022

With the rise of digital capitalism, a novel occupational segment has emerged: so-called ‘tech workers’. Members of this grouping render and encode the digital technologies that permeate contemporary social life. While there are many studies about highly precarious digital labourers, research on these digital professionals remains scarce. Based on 40 original interviews, the article explores the subjectivity of tech workers. Specifically, it asks whether understandings of middle-class employees as entrepreneurial selves with a holistic market orientation hold true for this grouping, or whether new cultures of subjectivation are emerging. The key finding from these interviews is that tech workers show contours of a post-neoliberal subjectivity. While the figure of the entrepreneurial self remains an alluring force, this study detected four transformative cultures of subjectivation: (1) a return of the critique of economic inequality; (2) a concern for diversity; (3) an ethic of mindfulness; and (4) a lifestyle that signals ordinariness. These distinct forms of subjectivity point to the formation of a new middle-class fraction. However, drawing on the sociology of critique, this article also considers how this transformation of subjectivity can be appropriated as yet another new spirit of capitalism.
Epidemiology and Transmission Dynamics of COVID-19 in an Urban Pediatric US Population
Authors: Sebastian Thresia , Carlson Jesse J. , Gaensbauer James , Podewils Laura Jean
Published: July 2022

Objective:

This analysis summarizes observational epidemiologic data and transmission dynamics of SARS-CoV-2 among people aged <18 years to better characterize the pediatric COVID-19 pandemic.

Methods:

We conducted a retrospective study of public health surveillance data among children in Denver, Colorado, who were reported to have COVID-19 from March 1, 2020, through September 30, 2021. We used descriptive statistics and bivariate rate ratios (RRs) to describe demographic and clinical characteristics, transmission dynamics, case trends, and ecological associations.

Results:

A total of 9815 children and adolescents who had COVID-19 were reported during the study period. Adolescents aged 14-17 years had the highest incidence rate (IR) per 1000 people (IR = 107.5; 3021 of 28 108). Hispanic/Latino children had a 1.6 times higher rate of infection than non-Hispanic White children (RR = 1.57; 95% CI, 1.50-1.65; P < .001). Few hospitalizations (n = 138, 1.4%) and deaths (n = 3, 0%) occurred. Most children were symptomatic (4487 of 5499, 81.6%). Within household clusters, a large proportion of pediatric cases (n = 6136) were a secondary case (n = 3959, 64.5%), followed by index case (n = 1170, 19.1%) and co–index case (n = 1007, 16.4%). Non-Hispanic White children had an increased risk of being an index or co–index case (RR = 1.14; 95% CI, 1.06-1.23; P < .001), while Hispanic/Latino children had an increased risk of being a secondary case (RR = 1.07; 95% CI, 1.03-1.11; P < .001). From 2020 to 2021, the association between pediatric case rates and neighborhoods with higher poverty and households with ≥3 people decreased.

Conclusions:

Older children and those identifying as Hispanic/Latino had a disproportionate incidence of disease. A sizable proportion of children were considered index cases or co–index cases. Pediatric prevention strategies, especially vaccinations, are vital for pandemic control.
Some stories, more scenes
Authors: Berlant Lauren , Stewart Kathleen
Published: July 2022

We write to conjure a poetics of scenes at once social, dreamy, mattering, and incidental. Our collaborative project is about feeling and testing out the moments we move around in and the speculations we bring to them, generating scenes of life that are ideas of life. We try out practices of looser and sharper processing what we’ve seen, smelled, overheard, conjured. To move and conceptualize from within worlds is preferable to drawing a plane above them. Toggling across what’s starting up or falling away in a present closely noted creates a fractal, fractious narrative, if there’s a narrative at all. It might produce a story sense that stretches the social and political into a resource for living.
Paradoxes of mindfulness: The specious promises of a contemporary practice
Authors: Sauerborn Elgen , Sökefeld Nina , Neckel Sighard
Published: July 2022

The growing popularity of Western secular mindfulness programs in recent decades has frequently been criticized by sociologists. Mindfulness in this line of argument is viewed as the quintessential neoliberal and capitalist technology of the self. However, this – quite justified – functionalist critique does not account for how mindfulness is increasingly being used to escape growth driven-based optimization pressure. We therefore show, on the basis of our extensive empirical field research, how mindfulness is negotiated as a response to contemporary crises and social change, how this phenomenon can be understood as a symptomatic, contemporary cultural phenomenon. From our ethnographic data from 121 hours of participant observation in mindfulness courses in Germany and six interviews with mindfulness teachers, as well as analysis of relevant literature, we reconstruct four paradoxes of mindfulness. With reference to this, we show to what extent mindfulness is a program of specious promises. For in the final analysis, the broad accessibility and popularity of the program are based on the fact that its application is just as paradoxical as the social problems to which it promises to be a solution.
Movement Texts as Anti-Colonial Theory
Authors: Ahmad Mahvish
Published: July 2022

Despite the decolonial turn among sociologists, we have yet to engage a vast amount of thought produced by anti-colonial movements. The circumvention of much of this thought indexes overly restrictive understandings of what constitutes social theory, and I diagnose three ways in which this plays out. Anti-colonial movement texts provide striking demonstrations of this limitation, and of what is lost as a result. Through a close study of a banned 1970s pamphlet from Pakistan, I show that critically deepening the decolonial project through an engagement with movement texts raises ethical questions about the academy’s relationship to political struggle and demands new methodologies of archival retrieval that recognise the scattered, fragmented condition of texts subject to colonial violence. If addressed, southern movement texts reveal counter-infrastructures of knowledge production replete with counter-political vocabularies that challenge homogenising academic definitions of the Global South and enrich our theories of decolonial praxis.
Upward Social Mobility in Chile: The Negotiation of Class and Ethnic Identities
Authors: Sepúlveda Denisse
Published: July 2022

This article examines how upward mobility affects both class and ethnic social positioning of Mapuche indigenous people in Chile. The article builds on cultural class analysis dominated by Bourdieusian approaches, suggesting the incorporation of an intersectional and postcolonial lens, considering the ways in which ethnicity complicates classed trajectories, focusing on class mobility and indigeneity. Drawing on 40 life history interviews of first-generation Mapuche professionals, the analysis reveals complex and varied responses to social mobility. The interviewees display three groups of responses: the ‘mobile-accommodators’, embracing deracinated middle-class identities; the ‘rooted’, asserting connections with working-class and Mapuche origins; and the ‘resignifiers’, embracing a more ambivalent class identity, but articulating a strong sense of Mapuche identity. The experience of upward social mobility represents a challenge to the respondents’ sense of class position, class and ethnic identities, as they have had to manage indigenous identity claims across their social origins and destinations.
Diffusing “Destandardization” Reforms across Educational Systems in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: The Case of the World Bank, 1965 to 2020
Authors: Hossain Mobarak
Published: July 2022

The education sector in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) has experienced a surge of neoliberal reforms over the past few decades, primarily led by the World Bank (WB). One of these reform agendas has been to “decrease standards” or “destandardize” educational responsibilities and policies by devolving educational systems to subnational and school levels. Diffused through different mechanisms, such as conditional aid and the “what works” mantra, we know little about the growth and nature of these reforms, but they may have significant socioeconomic consequences. This is the first study to investigate the destandardization reforms implemented by the WB in the educational systems of 99 historical and present LMICs. Results show that about 63 percent of WB project components in primary and secondary education have focused on destandardizing educational systems at subnational and school levels. Growth of these reforms at the subnational level slowed between the mid-1990s and the early 2000s but sharply increased at the school level since the late 1980s. I argue that the latter could be due to a global emphasis on school-based intervention, an urge for aid effectiveness, and a strategy to spread democratic values in micro-social units. I provide evidence of how homogeneous strategies of supranational organizations diffuse heterogeneous educational systems of nation-states because of aid dependency.
A Balliol quartet and the welfare state: Temple, Beveridge, Tawney and Toynbee
Authors: Lee Simon
Published: July 2022

This article sets Christianity and Social Order into the context of William Temple’s contemporaries at Balliol College, with a focus on Beveridge and Tawney, and Arnold Toynbee in a previous generation. It explores who first developed the concept of the ‘welfare state’.
‘Building back better’ and the search for values: critically reclaiming Temple’s social thought for a post-pandemic policy landscape
Authors: Baker Christopher
Published: July 2022

This article moves beyond William Temple’s Christianity and Social Order and gives an outline of its implications for public policy today in the context of religiously inspired terrorism, the global financial crash, COVID-19 and postsecularity.
Delineating the Effects of Social Media Marketing Activities on Generation Z Travel Behaviors
Authors: Liu Juan , Wang Chaohui , Zhang Tingting (Christina) , Qiao Haohao
Published: July 2022

Generation Z (Gen Z) has emerged as the largest and most challenging consumer group for destination marketers. This study investigates the varying effects of social media marketing activities (SMMAs) on Gen Z travel behaviors. A comparative analysis approach between Gen Z and other generations was used to assess the attributes of SMMAs and their role in tourism destination visits. Gen Z tourists were more susceptible to the four traits of SMMAs (entertainment, trendiness, interaction, and word-of-mouth) when choosing destinations and were more likely to pay a premium for visiting than their generational counterparts. Gen Z females were more likely to be influenced by SMMA customization and word-of-mouth features, while Gen Z males were more sensitive to the entertainment features of SMMAs. These findings deepens marketers’ understanding of Gen Z travelers’ preferences and behaviors so that they provide constructive directions for marketers to implement effective SMMAs strategies.
Desert boil strikes hard: An outbreak of cutaneous leishmaniasis in Sindh, Pakistan
Authors: Yasir Muhammad , Herekar Fivzia Farooq
Published: July 2022

Amidst the ongoing wave of COVID in Pakistan, multiple cities of interior province of Sindh were struck by a new epidemic. This disfiguring disease known as the Desert Boil or Cutaneous Leishmaniasis has affected nearly 4400 people and daily 100–150 cases are being reported in men, women and children of all age. Public health authorities have declared a health emergency in various cities and are trying to curtail this epidemic.
Age Differences Among Different Sources of Stressor Related Negative Affect
Authors: Blaxton Jessica M. , Whitehead Brenda R. , Bergeman C.S.
Published: July 2022

We examine age differences in the relationship between negative affect (NA) and different indicators of daily stress (interpersonal, health, and financial stressors and perceived stress). Participants completed 56 days of daily diary surveys from Wave 1 of the Notre Dame Study of Health & Well-being. Multi-level modeling allowed us to assess the within-person relationships between daily stress and NA and the cross-level interactions between these daily relationships and cross-sectional age. Each type of stress additively related to daily NA. Older age related to an exacerbated relationship between daily interpersonal stressors and NA, but a weaker relationship between daily perceived stress and NA. Interventions focused on enhancing daily well-being can encourage older adults to ensure they do not have overpacked schedules in regards to social relationships, and encourage midlife and younger adults to engage in activities that disrupt the link between perceived stress and NA.
“Are You Doing What I Think You’re Doing?” Momentary Goal Projection and Goal Contagion in Romantic Conflict
Authors: Worley Timothy , Vanderbilt Rachel , Liu Esther
Published: July 2022

This study examined how individuals’ goals and inferences about partners’ goals vary moment-by-moment during romantic conflicts. Seventy romantic couples discussed a current relational conflict for 7 minutes. Participants individually reviewed video recordings of their discussion, rating the importance of their own goals and inferences about the importance of those goals for their partner during each minute. Individuals demonstrated mixed accuracy when inferring partners’ goals. We observed evidence of goal projection, as the more important a goal was to oneself, the more one inferred it was important to the partner. We also observed evidence of goal contagion, as inferences about a partner’s goals mediated several associations between the partner’s previous goals and individuals’ subsequent goals. Furthermore, inferences about partners’ goals also mediated associations between individuals’ own prior goals and their goals at the next minute.
Building City Walls: Reordering the Population through Beijing’s Upside-Down Villages
Authors: Hayward Jane
Published: July 2022

China’s development strategies have long been premised on an institutionalized urban-rural divide, on the basis of which the population is governed. This urban-rural divide is being reconfigured as China’s relationship to the global economy transforms. As China’s leaders seek to upgrade the economy from one focused on export production to one based on urban middle-class consumers, China’s population is being reorganized. China’s largest cities are pivotal to this strategy. Branded “world cities,” as they further integrate into the global economy, they are becoming exclusive zones, their populations carefully managed and selected. In Beijing, urban villages are key sites for enacting such strategies. Under a controversial program known as “sealed management,” inhabitants are subjected to various forms of surveillance and monitoring. This constitutes a dual strategy both to control local villager populations during land expropriations and to “upgrade” the migrant labor force in keeping with the government’s global city plans.
Individual differences in self-esteem and social anxiety predict problem smartphone use in adolescents
Authors: Edwards Elizabeth J. , Taylor Caitlin S. , Vaughan Robert S.
Published: July 2022

Smartphones have many characteristics that make them attractive to adolescents. Recent work, however, has established a link between smartphone-related problems and self-esteem (self-worth) and social anxiety (fear of social relations). To date, little is known about the characteristics underpinning these relationships in combination. Driven by theory, the present study examined the association between self-esteem, social anxiety, and nomophobia (fear of being without access to a smartphone) and problem smartphone use (PSU) in a sample of early adolescents ( N = 254). Self-esteem (Rosenberg Self Esteem Scale), social anxiety (Social Avoidance and Distress Scale) and their combined contribution (self-esteem × social anxiety) served as predictor variables of nomophobia (Nomophobia Questionnaire) and PSU (Mobile Phone Problem Usage Scale – Adolescent version) in separate moderated regression analyses. We found that lower self-esteem was associated with higher nomophobia and PSU, and that higher self-esteem may be a protective factor in those lower in social anxiety, such that they are not prone to excessive smartphone use. Our findings offer preliminary markers for psychologists addressing the challenges related to excessive smartphone use in this age group.
Surgical Treatment of Primary Tracheal Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma
Authors: Wang Feng , Wu Yu , Yao Xiyu , Chen Shunjin , Liu Hui
Published: July 2022

Primary tracheal adenoid cystic carcinoma (TACC) occurring in the cervical trachea and invading the thyroid is very rare. Surgical resection and airway reconstruction are the main treatment methods, and other treatments include radiotherapy and endoscopic intervention. Herein, we present the case of a 74-year-old female patient with TACC. The patient underwent surgery and postoperative pathology showed that the tumor invaded the adventitia of the trachea and bilateral thyroid, where nerve involvement was observed. The patient recovered well after the operation without adjuvant therapy. Eight months after the operation, Computed tomography showed that the trachea was unobstructed and there was no recurrence.
The Longitudinal Association Between Childhood Abuse and Positive and Negative Family Interactions in Midlife and Older Adults: The Role of Mindfulness Meditation and Gender
Authors: Fitzgerald Michael , Notice Maxine
Published: July 2022

Objectives

Childhood abuse has been linked to problematic familial relationships in adulthood; however, it remains unclear what factors buffer the association. Mindfulness research has demonstrated promise in improving relationships among adults abused during childhood, but research has focused on couples, with fewer studies examining familial relationships.

Methods

Using a data sample of 2430 adults from the Midlife Development in the United States, the current study examined mindfulness as a moderator of childhood abuse and familial support and strain in adults.

Results

Analysis of hierarchical regression revealed that mindfulness was a moderator of childhood abuse and family strain over a 10-year period in women, but not men. However, mindfulness did not moderate childhood abuse and support.

Discussion

This examination of mindfulness in the context of familial relationships may help women more successfully manage negative familial interactions. Results indicate mindfulness-based interventions may be helpful in improving familial relationships among adults abused by family members in childhood.
The Szenario-Kids: Psychometric properties of a novel, participation-oriented language assessment as determined in children and youth without communication deficits
Authors: Plum Lea , van der Meulen Ineke , Krzok Franziska , Overbeck Rena , van de Sandt-Koenderman W Mieke E , Willmes Klaus , Binkofski Ferdinand , Bruehl Stefanie
Published: July 2022

Background: Creating a holistic picture of children and youth who suffer from acquired aphasia or another (developmental) language disorders is very difficult due to missing diagnostic instruments covering participation. Szenario-Kids is a new diagnostic instrument to measure multimodal communication abilities in everyday life situations of children and youth aged 6 to 16 years. Aims: We aimed to examine feasibility and psychometric properties of the model-based Szenario-Kids in the healthy population, to build the basis for later test evaluation in the language-impaired patient group. Method: Szenario-Kids was administered to n  =  57 children and youth without communication deficits (mean age 9.16 years; German as native language). The diagnostic instrument was presented twice within two weeks, complemented by standardized diagnostic instruments to cover all communication modalities and enable correlation of performance between tests. Results: Data analysis showed good practicability, satisfying parallelism of test versions A and B ( p  =  .098-.845), acceptable to excellent reliability (Cronbach's α  =  .781-.920) and high interrater reliability ( ICC  =  .733-.960), very strong test-retest correlation ( r  =  .736-.893) and moderate to strong concurrent validity ( r  =  -.475-.611; p ≤ .01). Conclusions: The analysis of feasibility and psychometric properties revealed promising results for the group without communication deficits. Neurolinguistic underpinnings can be explained within our Multimodal Communication Model (MCM). Thus, the evaluation of Szenario-Kids in language-impaired children and youth is a next step.
Governmental regulation and digital infrastructure innovation: The mediating role of modular architecture
Authors: Henningsson Stefan , Eaton Benjamin D
Published: July 2022

In response to their growing importance, digital infrastructures (DIs) are increasingly subject to governmental regulation due to concerns over the downside risks posed by digital technologies to individuals and society. There is a general paucity of studies that address the impact of regulations on DI innovation. In addition, existing research presents seemingly contradictory findings on regulations governing digital technologies as both enabling and inhibiting innovation. This paper, therefore, elaborates on how different types of regulation impact various forms of DI innovation. We draw on modular systems theory to enrich extant conceptualisations of DIs and develop a related conceptual model that demonstrates the paths by which two types of DI regulation influence DI architectural modularity, which is proposed as a mediating mechanism that influences DI innovation. Our model makes a theoretical contribution through an in-depth explanation of the relationship between regulation and DI innovation by articulating and illustrating the effects of regulatory provisions and thereby extends the extant DI literature. In terms of practical implications, our model can help stakeholders both create DI regulation and respond to regulatory provisions.