bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Outcomes of endovascular thrombectomy in the elderly: a ‘real-world’ multicenter study
Authors: Alawieh Ali , Starke Robert M , Chatterjee Arindam Rano , Turk Aquilla , De Leacy Reade , Rai Ansaar T , Fargen Kyle , Kan Peter , Singh Jasmeet , Vilella Lukas , Nascimento Fábio A , Dumont Travis M , McCarthy David , Spiotta Alejandro M
Published: November 2018

Background

The efficacy of endovascular thrombectomy (ET) for acute ischemic stroke (AIS) in octogenarians is still controversial.

Objective

To evaluate, using a large multicenter cohort of patients, outcomes after ET in octogenarians compared with younger patients.

Methods

Data from prospectively maintained databases of patients undergoing ET for AIS at seven US-based comprehensive stroke centers between January 2013 and January 2018 were reviewed. Demographic, procedural, and outcome variables were collected. Outcomes included 90-day modified Rankin Scale (mRS) score, postprocedural National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score, postprocedural hemorrhage, and mortality. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to assess the independent effect of age ≥80 on outcome measures. Subgroup analyses were also performed based on location of stroke, success of recanalization, or ET technique used.

Results

Rates of functional independence (mRS score 0–2) after ET in elderly patients were significantly lower than for younger counterparts. Age ≥80 was independently associated with increased mortality and poor outcome. Age ≥80 showed an independent negative prognostic effect on outcome even when patients were divided according to thrombectomy technique, location of stroke, or success of recanalization. Age ≥80 independently predicted higher rate of postprocedural hemorrhage, but not success of recanalization. Baseline deficit and number of reperfusion attempts, but not Thrombolysis in Cerebral Infarction score were associated with lower odds of good outcome.

Conclusion

The large effect size of ET on AIS outcomes is significantly diminished in the elderly population when using comparable selection criteria to those used in younger counterparts. This raises concerns about the risk–benefit ratio and the cost-effectiveness of performing this procedure in the elderly before optimizing patient selection.
Efficacy of stenting in patients with cerebral venous sinus thrombosis-related cerebral venous sinus stenosis
Authors: Li Ke , Ren Ming , Meng Ran , Ding Yuchuan , Rajah Gary B , Wang Feng , Ji Xunming
Published: November 2018

Background

Venous stenting has been proven to be a safe and effective therapeutic option for patients with idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH) and cerebral venous sinus stenosis (CVSS). However, its use in patients with cerebral venous sinus thrombosis-related CVSS has been less reported.

Purpose

To explore the safety and efficacy of stenting for patients with cerebral venous sinus thrombosis (CVST)-related CVSS.

Methods

The clinical presentation, treatment, and outcome of patients with CVST-related CVSS received venous stenting in the chronic stage after failed medical treatment were retrospectively evaluated.

Results

A total of 17 patients with CVST-related CVSS were included. Mean pressure gradient across the CVSS decreased from 11.5±4.2 mmHg prior to stenting to 2.1±1.1 mmHg post- stenting. Mean CSF opening pressure decreased from 33.1±5.5 cmH2O to 18.7±1.7 cmH2O. Both headache and visual disturbance improved or resolved in 78% and 92% of the patients, respectively. Complications included lethal cerebellar hematoma in one case and bilateral occipital epidural hematoma in another case. One of the patients received retreatment with ventriculo-peritoneal shunting due to recurrent headache.

Conclusion

Restoring the patency of stenotic sinuses with stents in patients of CVST-related CVSS unresponsive to medical therapy in the chronic stage may improve symptoms in the majority of the patients. However, a relatively higher cerebral hemorrhage rate was observed and may be related to this pathology. Stenting in this subgroup of CVSS patients may require further evaluation with a larger and long-term study, and should be used with caution at this time.
Buttress plating of a Salter‐Harris type III distal radial physeal fracture in a miniature dachshund
Authors: Labrador Jose , Witte Philip Georg
Published: November 2018

A Salter‐Harris type III left distal radial physeal fracture in a miniature dachshund was stabilised using a medially applied 1.5‐mm veterinary cuttable plate in buttress fashion and seven 1.5‐mm cortical screws. Lameness resolved following surgery and the outcome was optimal, with long‐term follow‐up including veterinary examination and radiography 18 months following surgery revealing no lameness, no muscle atrophy, symmetrical carpal range of motion and no evidence of implant‐related complications or carpal periarticular new bone formation. There are few reports in the veterinary literature of Salter‐Harris type III fractures and, besides humeral condylar fracture repair, few reports of true buttress plating.
Emerging roles for nucleoporins in reproductive cellular physiology
Authors: Preston Claudia C. , Storm Emily C. , Leonard Riley J. , Faustino Randolph S.
Published: November 2018

Nucleoporins are a specialized subset of nuclear proteins that comprise the nuclear pore complex and regulate nucleocytoplasmic transport. Recent demonstrations of roles for individual nucleoporins in multiple paradigms of differentiation via mechanisms independent of nuclear trafficking represent conceptual advances in understanding the contributions of nucleoporins to cellular development. Among these, a functional role for nucleoporins in reproductive fitness and gametogenesis has been identified, supported by robust models and clinical studies that leverage the power of next generation sequencing technology to identify reproductive-disease-associated mutations in specific nucleoporins. Proper nucleoporin function manifests in different ways during oogenesis and spermatogenesis. However, nonhuman models of gametogenesis may not recapitulate human mechanisms, which may confound translational interpretation and relevance. To circumvent these limitations, identification of reproductive pathologies in patients, combined with next generation sequencing approaches and advanced in silico tools, offers a powerful approach to investigate the potential function of nucleoporins in human reproduction. Ultimately, elucidating the role of nucleoporins in reproductive biology will provide opportunities for predictive, diagnostic, and therapeutic strategies to address reproductive disorders.
DNA barcoding of species ofBacopacoupled with high-resolution melting analysis
Authors: Tungphatthong Chayapol , Somnuek Jutharat , Phadungcharoen Thatree , Ingkaninan Kornkanok , Denduangboripant Jessada , Sukrong Suchada
Published: November 2018

In Thailand, there are three species of Bacopa, namely, B. monnieri, B. caroliniana, and B. floribunda. Among these species of Bacopa, B. monnieri is the only medicinal species, used for the treatment of cognitive impairment and improvement of cognitive abilities because of its bioactive constituents, bacoside A and B. However, because of the similar characteristics of these species, it is difficult to differentiate among related species, resulting in confusion during identification. For this reason, and to ensure therapeutic quality for consumers, authentication is important. In this study, the three abovementioned species of Bacopa were evaluated using barcoding coupled with high-resolution melting (Bar-HRM) analysis based on primers designed for the trnL–F sequences of the three species. The melting profiles of the trnL–F amplicons of B. caroliniana and B. floribunda were clearly different from the melting profile of the trnL–F amplicon from B. monnieri; thus, the species could be discriminated by Bar-HRM analysis. Bar-HRM was then used to authenticate commercial products in various forms. The melting curves of the six commercial samples indicated that all the tested products contained genuine B. monnieri species. This method provides an efficient and reliable authentication system for future commercial herbal products and offers a reference system for quality control.
The LFV decays Bd,s0 → eμ(eτ,μτ) with one neutral singlet scalar
Authors: Sun Ke-Sheng , Yang Xiu-Yi
Published: November 2018

Taking account of the constraint from radiative two-body decays [Formula: see text], we investigate the lepton flavor violation decays [Formula: see text] in the framework of the minimal extension of the Standard Model with one neutral singlet scalar. The couplings [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] between the different generation leptons and scalar [Formula: see text] are constrained by the current bounds of [Formula: see text]. The numerical results show that the theoretical prediction of [Formula: see text] strongly depends on the couplings [Formula: see text] ([Formula: see text] or [Formula: see text]) between down-type quarks and new scalar. The contributions from couplings [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] between up-type quark and new scalar are less dominant.
An efficient speaker recognition using quantum neural network
Authors: Kaur Rupinderdeep , Sharma R. K. , Kumar Parteek
Published: November 2018

Speaker recognition is the technique to identify the identity of a person from statistical features obtained from speech signals. Many speaker recognition techniques have been designed and implemented so far to efficiently recognize the speaker. From the existing review, it is found that the existing speaker recognition techniques suffer from the over-fitting issues. Therefore, to overcome the over-fitting issue in this paper, we design, a novel ensemble-based quantum neural network. It selects one base model (i.e. expert) for each query, and concentrates on inductive bias reduction. A set of quantum neural networks are trained by considering different kinds of quantum features and are afterwards used to recognize the speaker. In the end, ensembling is used to combine these classification results. Extensive experiments have been carried out by considering the proposed technique and existing competitive machine learning-based speaker recognition techniques on speaker recognition data. It is observed that the proposed technique outperforms existing speaker recognition techniques in terms of accuracy and sensitivity by 1.371% and 1.291%, respectively.
Cobordisms of graphs: A sliceness criterion for stably odd free knots and related results on cobordisms
Authors: Fedoseev Denis A. , Manturov Vassily O.
Published: November 2018

In [1], the authors proved a sliceness criterion for odd free knots: free knots with odd chords. In the present paper, we give a similar criterion for stably odd free knots.

In essence, free knots may be considered as framed 4-graphs. That leads to an important notion of framed 4-graph cobordism and the associated notion of graph genera.

Some additional results on graph and free knot sliceness and cobordism are given.
Gnk-groups for simplicial complexes and the word problem on G2(K)
Authors: Manturov Vassily O. , Wu J.
Published: November 2018

We introduce a natural [Formula: see text]-type construction of groups on any given simplicial complex [Formula: see text] called [Formula: see text] as a generalization of the notion of groups [Formula: see text], which gives a functor from the category of simplicial complexes and injective simplicial maps to the category of groups. We prove that the word problem on [Formula: see text] is solvable.
Quandle coloring quivers
Authors: Cho Karina , Nelson Sam
Published: November 2018

We consider a quiver structure on the set of quandle colorings of an oriented knot or link diagram. This structure contains a wealth of knot and link invariants and provides a categorification of the quandle counting invariant in the most literal sense, i.e. giving the set of quandle colorings the structure of a small category which is unchanged by Reidemeister moves. We derive some new enhancements of the counting invariant from this quiver structure and show that the enhancements are proper with explicit examples.
Stochastic Vibration Analysis of Functionally Graded Plates with Material Randomness Using Cell-Based Smoothed Discrete Shear Gap Method
Authors: Kumaraian Mohitrajhu Lingan , Rebbagondla Jayamanideep , Mathew Tittu Varghese , Natarajan Sundararajan
Published: November 2018

A cell-based smoothed finite element method with discrete shear gap technique is used to study the stochastic free vibration behavior of functionally graded plates with material uncertainty. The plate kinematics is based on the first-order shear deformation theory and the effective material properties are estimated by simple rule of mixtures. The input random field is represented by the Karhunen–Loéve expansion and the polynomial chaos expansion is used to represent the stochastic output response. The accuracy of the proposed approach in terms of the first- and the second-order statistical moments are demonstrated by comparing the results with the Monte Carlo Simulations. A systematic parametric study is carried out to bring out the influence of the material gradient index, the plate aspect ratio and the skewness of the plate on the stochastic global response of functionally graded plates. It is inferred that all the considered parameters significantly influence the statistical moments of the first fundamental mode.
Simulations of Self-Propelled Fully Appended Ship Model at Different Speeds
Authors: Wang Jianhua , Zhao Weiwen , Wan Decheng
Published: November 2018

With the great progress in supercomputers and numerical methods, the applications of computational fluid dynamics are advancing rapidly in the field of ship hydrodynamics. And the dynamic overset grid method makes it possible for computing complex ship motions. In the present work, CFD-based method coupling with dynamic overset grid technique is applied to investigate the hydrodynamic performance of the fully appended ONR Tumblehome ship model during self-propulsion condition. Open water performance of propeller and towing condition of bare hull are computed before the self-propulsion simulation. The ship model is fitted with twin rotating propellers and twin static rudders, achieving self-propulsion model point at [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text], respectively. All the computations are carried out by our in-house CFD solver naoe-FOAM-SJTU, which solves the Navier–Stokes equations for unsteady turbulent flows with VOF method capturing free surface around the complex geometry models. During the self-propulsion simulation, a feedback controller is used to update the rotational speed of the propeller to achieve the target ship speed. Detailed information of the flow field during the self-propulsion condition is presented and analyzed. In addition, predicted results, i.e. self-propulsion model point, ship motions and force coefficients, are also presented and compared with the available experimental data. Good agreements are achieved, which indicates that the present approach is applicable for the self-propulsion simulation.
Boundaries of sine kernel universality for Gaussian perturbations of Hermitian matrices
Authors: Claeys Tom , Neuschel Thorsten , Venker Martin
Published: November 2018

We explore the boundaries of sine kernel universality for the eigenvalues of Gaussian perturbations of large deterministic Hermitian matrices. Equivalently, we study for deterministic initial data the time after which Dyson’s Brownian motion exhibits sine kernel correlations. We explicitly describe this time span in terms of the limiting density and rigidity of the initial points. Our main focus lies on cases where the initial density vanishes at an interior point of the support. We show that the time to reach universality becomes larger if the density vanishes faster or if the initial points show less rigidity.
Geochemical zonality coefficients in the primary halo of Tavreh mercury prospect, northwestern Iran: implications for exploration of listwaenitic type mercury deposits
Authors: Imamalipour Ali , Karimlou Mahdieh , Hajalilo Behzad
Published: November 2018

The Tavreh mercury prospect is located in the NW of Iran. This prospect is a listwaenite alteration and mineralization system which is controlled by structural agents and is restricted to shear zones. In this study, the primary geochemical halo was investigated to estimate the level of erosion of mineralization based on the lithogeochemical data. These data were obtained by ICP-MS analysis following an aqua regia decomposition of 64 samples along 13 profiles and 30 samples collected from trenches. The prediction of the erosion level of a geochemical anomaly is usually accomplished by comparing the values of the vertical geochemical patterns with values of the same parameters that are known around similar mineralization. The (As.Sb.Ag/Cu.Co.Ni) (Vz
1
index) and (Sb.As/Pb.Zn) (Vz
2
index) zonation indices were used as geochemical indicators to detect the present level of geochemical anomalies in the Tavareh region. The average value of the Vz
1
index was 1.98 × 10
−4
, which is higher than the middle part of the recognized listwaenite-type mercury deposits and is lower than the upper part of the supra-ore halo. The average value of the Vz
2
index is 3.76, which also indicates a supra-ore geochemical halo. Values of Vz
1
and Vz
2
indices imply the presence of sub-cropping of the main part of the ore body in the Tavreh area. It is expected that values of Vz
1
and Vz
2
decrease with increasing depth.
Biodiversity and Functional Ecology of Mesophotic Coral Reefs
Authors: Lesser Michael P. , Slattery Marc , Mobley Curtis D.
Published: November 2018

Mesophotic coral reefs, currently defined as deep reefs between 30 and 150 m, are linked physically and biologically to their shallow water counterparts, have the potential to be refuges for shallow coral reef taxa such as coral and sponges, and might be a source of larvae that could contribute to the resiliency of shallow water reefs. Mesophotic coral reefs are found worldwide, but most are undescribed and understudied. Here, we review our current knowledge of mesophotic coral reefs and their functional ecology as it relates to their geomorphology, changes in the abiotic environment along depth gradients, trophic ecology, their reproduction, and their connectivity to shallow depths. Understanding the ecology of mesophotic coral reefs, and the connectivity between them and their shallow water counterparts, is now a primary focus for many reef studies as the worldwide degradation of shallow coral reefs, and the ecosystem services they provide, continues unabated.
Embracing the flipped classroom: the planning and execution of a faculty workshop
Authors: Gopalan Chaya , Bracey Georgia , Klann Megan , Schmidt Cynthia
Published: November 2018

A great deal of interest has emerged recently in the flipped classroom (FC), a student-centered teaching approach. After attending a presentation by the first author on the FC, a faculty member of a medical school in Mexico arranged for a 3-day workshop for 13 faculty members. The goal of the workshop was to train faculty to use the FC strategy in their classrooms to increase student engagement in learning. The workshop was in the FC style, where the participants would assume the role of students. Pre- and posttraining surveys were administered to examine participants’ current teaching practices and to evaluate their perceptions of the FC. The participants overwhelmingly reported the need to change their lecture-based teaching, as it was not engaging students. Their large class size, lack of technology, training, and uncertainty of the effectiveness of new teaching methods had hindered participants from changing their teaching technique. The on-site training not only allowed the entire department to work closely and discuss the new teaching approach, but also reinforced the idea of changing their teaching strategy and embracing FC teaching method. After the workshop, participants reported being determined to use the FC strategy in their classrooms and felt more prepared to do so. The post-survey results indicated that participants valued the FC training in the flipped style and wanted more of the hands-on activities. In conclusion, the 3-day faculty workshop on the FC was successful, since every participant was motivated to use this teaching method.
Helping students to understand physiological aspects of regional distribution of ventilation in humans: a experience from the electrical impedance tomography
Authors: Holanda Marcelo Alcantara , Sousa Nathalia Parente de , Melo Luana Torres , Marinho Liégina Silveira , Ribeiro-Filho Helder Veras , Troncon Luiz Ernesto de Almeida , Bastos Vasco Pinheiro Diógenes , Santos Armênio Aguiar dos , Siqueira Rodrigo José Bezerra de
Published: November 2018

Undergraduate biomedical students often have difficulties in understanding basic concepts of respiratory physiology, particularly respiratory mechanics. In this study, we report the use of electrical impedance tomography (EIT) to improve and consolidate the knowledge about physiological aspects of normal regional distribution of ventilation in humans. Initially, we assessed the previous knowledge of a group of medical students ( n = 39) about regional differences in lung ventilation. Thereafter, we recorded the regional distribution of ventilation through surface electrodes on a healthy volunteer adopting four different decubitus positions: supine, prone, and right and left lateral. The recordings clearly showed greater pulmonary ventilation in the dependent lung, mainly in the lateral decubitus. Considering the differences in pulmonary ventilation between right and left lateral decubitus, only 33% of students were able to notice it correctly beforehand. This percentage increased to 84 and 100%, respectively ( P < 0.01), after the results of the ventilation measurements obtained with EIT were examined and discussed. A self-assessment questionnaire showed that students considered the practical activity as an important tool to assist in the understanding of the basic concepts of respiratory mechanics. Experimental demonstration of the physiological variations of regional lung ventilation in volunteers by using EIT is feasible, effective, and stimulating for undergraduate medical students. Therefore, this practical activity may help faculty and students to overcome the challenges in the field of respiratory physiology learning.
Effect of the use of a model with peer instruction for the teaching of membrane potential and action potential
Authors: Albuquerque Fabíola da Silva , Assis Temilce Simões de , Oliveira Júnior Francisco Antônio de , Freitas Maria Regina de , Sá Rita de Cássia da Silveira e , Martins Vinícius José Baccin , Lins Larissa Suelen da Silva , Araújo Juliany Santiago de , Sousa Nattan Almeida e , Gouveia Rachel Linka Beniz
Published: November 2018

A group of teachers from Northeast Brazil developed a model of membrane potentials and action potential and tested the hypothesis that using the peer-instruction model would provide a better performance for students in reading traditional texts and lectures. The results were obtained from 357 students from 20 different courses in 9 different undergraduate programs. All students attended two 100-min theoretical lecture and, at the end of the second lecture, were asked to answer a multiple-choice question (a pretest). In the following lecture, students were divided into three groups: control, text, and model. At the end of the lecture, everyone responded to a posttest. Student performance in the pretest did not differ significantly between groups. In the comparison between the pretest and the posttest, students in the model and text groups significantly improved their performance, but there was no improvement in the control group. In the posttest, the model group presented a better performance than the control group. In the evaluation of the strategies used, 46% of the students indicated that the text would be very useful to remind them about the subject in the future, whereas 80% of those who used the model indicated that it would be very useful or extremely useful. useful. Although it was not possible to support the hypothesis conclusively, the performance model group, at least in part, was due to the use of active methodologies that constitute a differential in the teaching-learning process.
Contribution of Inbred Singletons to Variance Component Estimation of Heritability and Linkage
Authors: Blondell Lucy , Blackburn August , Kos Mark Z. , Blangero John , Göring Harald H.H.
Published: November 2018

Objectives: An interesting consequence of consanguinity is that the inbred singleton becomes informative for genetic variance. We determine the contribution of an inbred singleton to variance component analysis of heritability and linkage. Methods: Statistical theory for the power of variance component analysis of quantitative traits is used to determine the expected contribution of an inbred singleton to likelihood-ratio tests of heritability and linkage. Results: In variance component models, an inbred singleton contributes relatively little to a test of heritability but can contribute substantively to a test of linkage. For small-to-moderate quantitative trait locus (QTL) effects and a level of inbreeding comparable to matings between first cousins (the preferred form of union in many human populations), an inbred singleton can carry nearly 25% of the information of a non-inbred sib pair. In more highly inbred contexts available with experimental animal populations, nonhuman primate colonies, and some human subpopulations, the contribution of an inbred singleton relative to a sib pair can exceed 50%. Conclusions: Inbred individuals, even in isolation from other members of a sample, can contribute to variance component estimation and tests of heritability and linkage. Under certain conditions, the informativeness of the inbred singleton can approach that of a non-inbred sib pair.
Neuropsychological Criteria for Mild Cognitive Impairment in the Framingham Heart Study’s Old-Old
Authors: Wong Christina G. , Thomas Kelsey R. , Edmonds Emily C. , Weigand Alexandra J. , Bangen Katherine J. , Eppig Joel S. , Jak Amy J. , Devine Sherral A. , Delano-Wood Lisa , Libon David J. , Edland Steven D. , Au Rhoda , Bondi Mark W.
Published: November 2018

Background/Aims: Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) lacks a “gold standard” operational definition. The Jak/Bondi actuarial neuropsychological criteria for MCI are associated with improved diagnostic stability and prediction of progression to dementia compared to conventional MCI diagnostic approaches, although its utility in diagnosing MCI in old-old individuals (age 75+) is unknown. Therefore, we investigated the applicability of neuropsychological MCI criteria among old-old from the Framingham Heart Study. Methods: A total of 347 adults (ages 79–102) were classified as cognitively normal or MCI via Jak/Bondi and conventional Petersen/Winblad criteria, which differ on cutoffs for cognitive impairment and number of impaired scores required for a diagnosis. Cox models examined MCI status in predicting risk of progression to dementia. Results: MCI diagnosed by both the Jak/Bondi and Petersen/Winblad criteria was associated with incident dementia; however, when both criteria were included in the regression model together, only the Jak/Bondi criteria remained statistically significant. At follow-up, the Jak/Bondi criteria had a lower MCI-to-normal reversion rate than the Petersen/Winblad criteria. Conclusions: Our findings are consistent with previous research on the Jak/Bondi criteria and support the use of a comprehensive neuropsychological diagnostic approach for MCI among old-old individuals.
Trichomonas vaginalis Induces NLRP3 Inflammasome Activation and Pyroptotic Cell Death in Human Macrophages
Authors: Riestra Angelica Montenegro , Valderrama J. Andrés , Patras Kathryn A. , Booth Sharon D. , Quek Xing Yen , Tsai Chih-Ming , Nizet Victor
Published: November 2018

Trichomonas vaginalis is a sexually transmitted, eukaryotic parasite that causes trichomoniasis, the most common nonviral, sexually transmitted disease in the USA and worldwide. Little is known about the molecular mechanisms involved in the host immune response to this widespread parasite. Here we report that T. vaginalis induces NLRP3 inflammasome activation in human macrophages, leading to caspase-1 activation and the processing of pro-IL-1β to the mature and bioactive form of the cytokine. Using inhibitor-based approaches, we show that NLRP3 activation by T. vaginalis involves host cell detection of extracellular ATP via P2X7 receptors and potassium efflux. In addition, our data reveal that T. vaginalis inflammasome activation induces macrophage inflammatory cell death by pyroptosis, known to occur via caspase-1 cleavage of the gasdermin D protein, which assembles to form pores in the host cell membrane. We found that T. vaginalis-induced cytolysis of macrophages is attenuated in gasdermin D knockout cells. Lastly, in a murine challenge model, we detected IL-1β production in vaginal fluids in response to T. vaginalis infection in vivo. Together, our findings mechanistically dissect how T. vaginalis contributes to the production of the proinflammatory IL-1β cytokine and uncover pyroptosis as a mechanism by which the parasite can trigger host macrophage cell death.
Dynamics of Structural Barriers and Innate Immune Components during Incubation of the Avian Egg: Critical Interplay between Autonomous Embryonic Development and Maternal Anticipation
Authors: Hincke Maxwell T. , Da Silva Mylène , Guyot Nicolas , Gautron Joël , McKee Marc D. , Guabiraba-Brito Rodrigo , Réhault-Godbert Sophie
Published: November 2018

The integrated innate immune features of the calcareous egg and its contents are a critical underpinning of the remarkable evolutionary success of the Aves clade. Beginning at the time of laying, the initial protective structures of the egg, i.e., the biomineralized eggshell, egg-white antimicrobial peptides, and vitelline membrane, are rapidly and dramatically altered during embryonic development. The embryo-generated extra-embryonic tissues (chorioallantoic/amniotic membranes, yolk sac, and associated chambers) are all critical to counteract degradation of primary egg defenses during development. With a focus on the chick embryo (Gallus gallus domesticus), this review describes the progressive transformation of egg innate immunity by embryo-generated structures and mechanisms over the 21-day course of egg incubation, and also discusses the critical interplay between autonomous development and maternal anticipation.
НАУКОВО-ПРАКТИЧНА КОНФЕРЕНЦІЯ «ФАРМАКОТЕРАПІЯ ПРИ ІНФЕКЦІЙНИХ ЗАХВОРЮВАННЯХ»
Authors: Trykhlib V. I.
Published: November 2018

Наведено коротку інформацію про науково-практичну конференцію «Фармакотерапія при інфекційних захворюваннях», яка відбулася 12-13 квітня 2018 р. у Націо­нальному військово-медичному клінічному центрі «ГВКГ» у м. Києві.
ЯНКОВСКИЙ Д.С., ШИРОБОКОВ В.П., ДЫМЕНТ Г.С. МИКРОБИОМ. – КИЕВ: ФЛП ВЕРЕС О.И., 2017. – 640 с.
Authors: Sydorchuk I. Y. , Deineka S. Ye.
Published: November 2018

Прорецензована монографія, на думку авторів, є капітальною працею, в якій наведені основні наукові положення про роль мікробіому з моменту від зародження біосфери, молекулярно-біологічної організації представників мікробного світу, екології мікроорганізмів до мікробіому людини. Вона є завершеною, і зацікавлений читач зможе поповнити свої знання в галузі мікробіому людини. Буде корисною мікробіологам, інфекціоністам, дерматовенерологам, спеціалістам з ЛОР-захворювань, педіатрам, хірургам та іншим лікарям практичної охорони здоров’я.
ВИБІР ОПТИМАЛЬНОГО СКЛАДУ КРЕМУ З НАНОЧАСТИНКАМИ ЦЕРІЮ ДІОКСИДУ
Authors: Zaychenko G. V. , Pokotylo O. A. , Lytkin D. V.
Published: November 2018

Мета роботи. Скринінгове дослідження активності тест-зразків кремів із наночастинками церію діоксиду (НЦД) на моделі фотодинамічного запалення в мурчаків із виявленням зразка-лідера з оптимальним вмістом НЦД у складі лікарської форми для подальшого поглибленого фармакологічного вивчення крему.Матеріали і методи. Стандартизовані НЦД розміром 6–15 нм синтезовані співробітниками ТОВ «НаноМедТех», тест-зразки кремів розроблені під керівництвом професора М. О. Ляпунова. Фотодинамічну травму у мурчаків викликали УФ опромінюванням за допомогою ртутно-кварцової лампи. Креми наносили профілактично дозою 2 мг/см2. Ступінь вираженості еритеми – головного прояву запальної реакції – оцінювали за колориметричною шкалою С. В. Суворова у динаміці. За цим показником розраховували фотопротекторну активність (ФПА). Здатність кремів попереджати запальний процес визначали за зміною температури шкірних покривів, кількості лейкоцитів та вмісту гістаміну в крові мурчаків.Результати й обговорення. За сукупністю досліджених показників крем із 0,25 % НЦД виявив найвищу фармакологічну активність: ФПА була найбільшою серед усіх тест-зразків та становила 43,6 %. Одноразове нанесення крему сприяло нормалізації температури шкіри та вмісту гістаміну у крові, кількість лейкоцитів була на 17,4 % нижче, ніж у групі контрольної патології.Висновки. За результатами скринінгових досліджень крем з 0,25 % НЦД визнано зразком-лідером та рекомендовано як остаточний склад лікарської форми для подальшого поглибленого фармакологічного вивчення.
ШТРИХИ ДО ЖИТТЄВОГО ШЛЯХУ ТА НАУКОВОГО ДОРОБКУ ПРОФЕСОРА ОРЕСТА ЛАВРЕНТІЙОВИЧА ГРОМА З НАГОДИ 75-РІЧЧЯ ВІД ДНЯ НАРОДЖЕННЯ
Authors: Hromovyk B. , Yarko N. , Saranchuk M.
Published: November 2018

Спогад про Ореста Лаврентійовича Грома – талановитого вченого і керівника, здатного згуртувати навколо себе однодумців, людину з активною громадянською позицією, яка органічно поєднувала чуйність, доброзичливість і небайдужість.
МОРФОЛОГО-АНАТОМІЧНЕ ДОСЛІДЖЕННЯ ЛИСТКІВ СЕРПІЮ УВІНЧАНОГО (SERRATULA CORONATA L.)
Authors: Marchyshyn S. M. , Atamanchuk T. O. , Rakhmetov D. B. , Sira L. M.
Published: November 2018

Мета роботи. Встановлення морфолого-анатомічних діагностичних ознак листків серпію увінчаного.Матеріали і методи. Мікропрепарати виготовляли з висушених листків, фіксованих у суміші спирт-гліцерин-вода (1:1:1) і досліджували загальноприйнятими методами з використанням мікроскопа Item: PB -2610, фотофіксацію результатів здійснювали фотокамерою Samsung PL50.Результати й обговорення. Листки розеткові і низові стеблові листки довгочерешкові, великі. В прикореневій розетці у середньому приблизно 6 непарноперистих листків з 4-7 парами довгасто-ланцетних бічних сегментів. Стеблові листки серединної формації почергові, короткочерешкові або сидячі, перисто-роздільні або розсічені, зісподу сизуваті, зверху темно-зелені або з червонуватим відтінком. Край жорсткий, нерівномірно-крупно-пилчастий, зубці на кінці з гострим білуватим хрящуватим шипиком. По жилках – рідке опушення. Листкова пластинка стеблових листків за будовою гіпостоматична, дорсовентральна з достатньо диференційованим мезофілом. Головна жилки стеблового перисторозсіченого листка, що на ділянках між сегментами, сідлоподібної форми. Колатеральних провідних пучків 9, крупніші чергуються з дрібнішими. У бічних відрогах проходить по 2 маленьких концентричних пучечки.На мікропрепаратах з поверхні клітини верхньої епідерми листкової пластинки ізодіаметричні, слабохвилясті, продихи відсутні.Клітини епідерми нижньої сторони пластинки дрібніші, із більш звивистими оболонками. Продихів багато, округло-овальні, аномоцитного типу, оточені 3–5 клітинами епідерми. Подекуди вздовж жилок, зрідка між ними епідерма з довгими 3–5-клітинними, тонкими гострими волосками.Висновки. Вивчено морфолого-анатомічні ознаки серпію увінчаного та визначено основні макро- та мікроскопічні діагностичні ознаки листків, які будуть використані при стандартизації лікарської сировини – розробці методів контролю «Серпію листя».
ОБҐРУНТУВАННЯ ВИБОРУ ДОПОМІЖНИХ РЕЧОВИН ДЛЯ ОДЕРЖАННЯ ТАБЛЕТОК НА ОСНОВІ ЕКСТРАКТІВ МАЛЬВИ ЛІСОВОЇ І ПОДОРОЖНИКА ЛАНЦЕТОЛИСТОГО
Authors: Beley S. Ya. , Hroshovyi T. A. , Beley N. M.
Published: November 2018

Мета роботи. Вивчити вплив фармацевтичних факторів на деякі показники якості таблеток із метою вибору кращих допоміжних речовин (ДР) для розробки складу і технології нового комбінованого таблетованого лікарського засобу на основі сухих екстрактів мальви лісової і листя подорожника ланцетолистого методом вологої грануляції.Матеріали і методи. Основні діючі речовини – сухі екстракти мальви лісової та листя подорожника ланцетолистого, 16 ДР, об’єднаних в 4 групи фармацевтичних факторів.Таблетки отримували методом вологої грануляції. Дослідження впливу ДР на такі показники, як однорідність маси таблеток, їх стираність та стійкість до роздавлювання, а також розпадання таблеток проводили відповідно до вимог ДФУ, 2 видання. Також вивчали залежність стійкості таблеток до вологи від виду ДР в їх складі.Результати й обговорення. У статті вивченно вплив фармацевтичних факторів на деякі показники якості таблеток на основі сухих екстрактів мальви лісової і листя подорожника ланцетолистого. За допомогою чотирифакторного експерименту – греко-латинської квадрату встановлено вплив 4-х якісних факторів на основні показники якості таблеток на основі сухих екстрактів мальви лісової і подорожника ланцетолистого. Побудовано ранжовані ряди переваг для впливу допоміжних речовин на 6 відгуків (показників якості таблеток). Вивчено вплив 16-ти допоміжних речовин на однорідність маси таблеток, їх стираність і стійкість до роздавлювання, а також розпадання і стійкість таблеток до вологи.Висновки. На основі отриманих результатів обрано кращі допоміжні речовини для розробки складу та технології нового комбінованого таблетованого лікарського засобу на основі сухих екстрактів мальви лісової і листя подорожника ланцетолистного методом вологої грануляції, а саме: МКЦ 101, поліплаздон XL-10, натрію карбоксиметилкрохмаль, кремнію діоксид колоїдний, неусилін US-25, 5 % крохмальний клейстер.
Income Shocks and Suicides: Causal Evidence From Indonesia
Authors: Christian Cornelius , Hensel Lukas , Roth Christopher
Published: November 2018

We examine how income shocks affect the suicide rate in Indonesia. We use a difference-in-differences approach, exploiting the cash transfer's nationwide rollout, and corroborate the findings using a randomized experiment. Our estimates show that the cash transfers reduce the yearly suicide rate by 0.36 per 100,000 people, corresponding to an 18% decrease. Moreover, a different type of income shock, variability in agricultural productivity, also affects the suicide rate. The cash transfer program reduces the causal impact of the agricultural productivity shocks, suggesting an important role for policy interventions. Finally, we provide evidence for depression as a psychological mechanism.
New species and a new record of the mite family Scutacaridae (Acari: Heterostigmata) from alpine New Zealand
Authors: KHAUSTOV ALEXANDER A. , MINOR MARIA A.
Published: November 2018

Seven new species of the mite family Scutacaridae (Acari: Pygmephoroidea) are described from the alpine zone (1600–1900 m a.s.l.) of the Central Otago region of the South Island of New Zealand: Diversipes laticaudatus sp. nov., Scutacarus isotrichus sp. nov., S. incisus sp. nov., S. spinisetus sp. nov., S. cornutus sp. nov., S. novaezealandicus sp. nov., and S. crassus sp. nov. In addition, Imparipes woodi Mahunka, 1974 is recorded from the New Zealand for the first time and redescribed.
First record of the alien bamboo leafhopper, Branchana xanthota, in Japan (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Deltocephalinae)
Authors: KAMITANI SATOSHI
Published: November 2018

An alien bamboo leafhopper, Branchana xanthota Li, is recorded from Japan for the first time. Three species of bamboos are recognized as host plants: Phyllostachys bambusoides, Phyllostachys edulis and Pleioblastus simonii.
Association Between Insulin Resistance and Coronary Plaque Vulnerability in Patients With Acute Coronary Syndromes: Insights From Optical Coherence Tomography
Authors: Wu Sijing , Liu Wei , Ma Qian , Yu Wei , Guo Yonghe , Zhao Yingxin , Shi Dongmei , Liu Yuyang , Zhou Zhiming , Wang Jianlong , Liu Ruifang , Zhou Yujie
Published: November 2018

We investigated the correlation between insulin resistance (IR) and optical coherence tomography and identified culprit plaque characteristics in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS). Patients with ACS who underwent selective coronary intervention were prospectively enrolled. A total of 159 culprit lesions were identified in 145 patients. Culprit plaque characteristics, including thin-cap fibroatheroma (TCFA) and spotty calcification, were analyzed. The IR was assessed using the homeostasis model assessment of IR (HOMA-IR). Patients were divided into 4 interquartile ranges (IQRs) according to HOMA-IR values. The prevalence rates of TCFA were significantly different among the 4 groups (17.5% [IQR1 group] vs 17.9% [IQR2 group] vs 35.0% [IQR3 group] vs 55.0% [IQR4 group]; P = .001). Minimal fibrous cap thickness was inversely correlated with HOMA-IR level (141.35 [56.28] µm vs 142.82 [82.17] µm vs 102.14 [36.52] µm vs 96.00 [41.82] µm; P < .001). Spotty calcification prevalence was also significantly different among the 4 groups (5.9% vs 17.6% vs 32.4% vs 44.1%; P < .001). Compared with the bottom quartile, patients with elevated HOMA-IR values had higher prevalence of macrophage infiltration ( P < .001) and microvessels ( P = .023). On multivariate analysis, Ln HOMA-IR (odds ratio: 6.022; 95% confidence interval: 3.007-12.060; P < .001) was the independent predictor for spotty calcification. The current study showed increased IR was independently associated with plaque vulnerability, spotty calcification in particular, in ACS.
The Resource Burden of Infections With Rhinovirus/Enterovirus, Influenza, and Respiratory Syncytial Virus in Children
Authors: Fine Jenna , Bray-Aschenbrenner Amelia , Williams Howard , Buchanan Paula , Werner Jason
Published: November 2018

We reviewed the resource utilization of patients with human rhinovirus/enterovirus (HRV/ENT), influenza A/B (FLU), or respiratory syncytial virus (RSV). A total of 2013 patients with nasopharyngeal swabs positive for HRV/ENT, RSV, or FLU were included. Records were reviewed for respiratory support, vascular access procedures, emergency department care only versus admission versus pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) care, antibiotics, length of stay, and billing data. Of the 2013 subjects, 1251 tested positive for HRV/ENT, 558 for RSV, and 204 for FLU. Fewer HRV/ENT patients were discharged from the emergency department ( P < .001); and they were more likely to be admitted to the pediatric intensive care unit ( P < .001). HRV/ENT and RSV patients were more likely to require invasive procedures ( P = .01). Median hospital costs for HRV/ENT patients were more than twice that of FLU patients ( P < .001). HRV/ENT infection in pediatric patients poses a significant resource and cost burden, even when compared with other organisms.
Use of Trading Stamps by the Small Retailer
Authors: Ferber Robert , Meloan Taylor W. , McCammon Bert C.
Published: November 2018

What can trading stamps do for the small retailer? A survey of Indianapolis merchants—stamp users, ex-users, and nonusers—shows that those in strong competitive positions, who adopted stamps soon after they were introduced in the market, and promoted them aggressively had best results.
Projective Techniques in Interviewing Farmers
Authors: Rogers Everett M. , Beal George M.
Published: November 2018

Projective techniques offer one means of obtaining some types of hard-to-get data. The present comparison with direct questioning indicates that projective techniques are rapport-builders and are one way to avoid securing socially accepted responses.
Validity of a Brand-Awareness Question
Authors: Greenberg Allan
Published: November 2018

Answers to questions in consumer surveys on memory of source of past information are generally believed to have little validity. Here the author describes an attempt to obtain firsthand information as to the truthfulness of this belief.
The Remembering and Forgetting of Advertising
Authors: Zielske Hubert A.
Published: November 2018

How should advertising be scheduled? Should an advertising schedule be concentrated in an intensive “burst,” or should it be spread out over a longer period? For the same expenditure a relatively small number of consumers can be exposed to advertising many times, or a larger number can be exposed a smaller number of times.

This unique study demonstrates how answers to these kinds of questions can be obtained.
Multiple Packaging: A Merchandising Tool
Authors: Dempsey William L.
Published: November 2018

Multiple-unit packaging, the practice of banding from two to twelve units of a product and selling them as a package, is an increasingly important force in American merchandising. Primarily a carrier of beer cans in 1947, this idea has grown enormously in the last ten years.

Although there are problems in supermarket merchandising of canned products that multiple packaging will not solve, most of its users have reported success in increased sales.
DO'S and DON'T'S in Selling Abroad
Authors: Nielsen Arthur C.
Published: November 2018

Marketing men who sell abroad, or who are contemplating it, will acquire a fresh viewpoint from this 15-point discussion of marketing hazards in foreign countries.

The President of the A. C. Nielsen Company discusses some of the dangers in foreign marketing that discourage the uninitiated, harass the misinformed, and gall the ill advised. But with his warnings are suggestions for positive action to avoid the hazards.
Which Automobiles Will be Here Tomorrow?
Authors: Holloway Robert J.
Published: November 2018

New brands of automobiles are being introduced today at a faster rate than at any time in the last quarter century.

The automobile market is an attractive one in terms of dollars and units, but which brands will hold a profitable share of the market?
Temporal Interrelations of Consumer Decision
Authors: Atrill Verne H.
Published: November 2018

This article is concerned with the formation of a product philosophy. It refers to an earlier article in the JOURNAL OF MARKETING by Walter A. Woods, in which a basic distinction between consumer and product variables was suggested as the point of departure for understanding a certain market.

The present author advances the view that such a distinction is not really tenable, and suggests in its place another marketing concept.
Price Cutting and Monopoly Power
Authors: Brooks Robert C.
Published: November 2018

Sometimes price cutting serves to repress or destroy competition.

This article suggests means of identifying harmful forms of price cutting. It also provides a further exploration of the relationships between predatory pricing and ease of entry.

The author discusses price meeting as an aspect of the controversial “good-faith defense” to a charge under the Robinson-Patman Act.
How to Measure Sales against Market Potential in the Construction Industry
Authors: Telfer Kenneth R.
Published: November 2018

Sales managers of building products selling to new construction often ask: • How can sales be related to market potential? • How can market penetration be determined? • How can more realistic sales goals be established?

Here is a simplified statistical answer to these questions, based on construction-contracts activity.
A New Technique to Analyze Tourist Markets
Authors: Crampon L. J.
Published: November 2018

One phase of recreation of increasing importance is tourism or travel. An increasing percentage of the consumer dollar is going into travel; and new and expanding business opportunities exist for those who serve the traveling public.

To increase the success of these operations, more and better information is needed about the tourist markets; and especially needed are techniques to analyze these potential markets.

Here is a brief description of a new technique that can be so used.