bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Investigating the Effect of Tranexamic Acid on the Treatment of Subdural Hematoma: A Systematic Review Study
Authors: Hatefi Masoud , Komlakh Khalil
Published: June 2022

Context: Tranexamic acid (TXA) belongs to the family of lysine-derived antifibrinolytics. TXA requires a simple molecular breakdown in the liver to be metabolized and has a high renal excretion. Objectives: This study aimed to determine the effect of TXA on subdural hematoma (SDH) treatment using the SR method. Methods: Following a systematic review design, this study aimed to evaluate the effect of TXA on SDH treatment using studies published from 2000 to 2020. The search was performed by two researchers who were dominant in various types of SR studies and specialized discussion of neurosurgery. A checklist that contained the following items was used to collect the data: surname, year of study, year of publication, population, sample size, age, intervention, and outcomes. Data were also classified and reported using Word software. Results: Initially, 178 articles were identified, out of which 118 were removed due to the relevance of the title and method, 44 due to duplication, six due to following the SR method, and three due to having a case report design. Seven studies were found as eligible, as follows: the study by Wakabayashi et al. with a sample of 199 patients, Kageyama et al.’s study with 21 patients, Wan et al.’s study with 90 patients, Kutty et al.’ study with 27 patients, Tanweer et al.’s study with 14 patients, Yamada and Natori’s study with 193 patients, and Lodewijkx et al.’s study with 7 patients. All articles showed that TXA could reduce SH. Conclusions: Regarding the positive effect of TXA on reducing SDH, administration of this medicine is recommended in the treatment of patients with CSDH.
Anti-proliferative and Apoptotic Effects of Valproic Acid on HeLa Cells
Authors: Hashemi Nasser , Yousefi Zoshk Mojtaba , Rashidian Amir , Laripour Reza , Fasihi Hossein , Hami Zahra , Chamanara Mohsen
Published: June 2022

Background: Valproic acid (VPA), a branched short-chain fatty acid and histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor, has diverse biological activities in human cells, including anti-cancer properties. Objectives: In the present study, we tested the cytotoxicity of VPA on the proliferation, cell cycle, and apoptosis of the human cervical cancer cell line, HeLa. Methods: HeLa cell line was cultured in Dulbecco’s modified eagle medium (DMEM) and the cytotoxicity effect of VPA (at 0 - 100 mM) on the HeLa cell was evaluated, using the 3‐(4,5‐dimethylthiazol‐2‐yl)‐2,5‐diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay for 3 incubation times (24, 48, and 72 h). The effects of VPA on cell cycle arrest and apoptosis were evaluated, using flow cytometry. In addition, the alterations in the expression of Bax, Bcl-2, p53, and p21 were assessed with real‐time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Results: Valproic acid reduced the viability of HeLa cells in a concentration- and time-dependent manner, and the IC50 values at 24, 48, and 72 h were 32.06, 21.29, and 14.51 mM, respectively. Further, VPA treatment remarkably increased the apoptosis of HeLa cells and arrested cells at the sub-G1 phase with a significant reduction in G2-M phase populations. The real-time PCR results demonstrated a significant increase in the expression of pro-apoptotic genes, including Bax, p53, and p21, as well as a reduction in the levels of the anti-apoptotic gene, Bcl-2. Conclusions: Valproic acid inhibits the proliferation of the HeLa cell line through the induction of the intrinsic pathway of apoptosis in a p35-dependent manner.
The Effect of Impulsivity on Addition and Addictive Tendencies: A Meta-analysis
Authors: Dezhkam Najmeh , Zarbakhsh Bahri Mohammad Reza , Khaneh Keshi Ali
Published: June 2022

Background: Immature behaviors, including impulsivity and lack of control lead to personal and social pathologies, such as addiction. Methods: This meta-analysis study aimed to evaluate the effect of impulsivity on addition and addictive tendencies. This comprehensive interdisciplinary quantitative meta-analysis integrated the research findings regarding the effect of impulsivity on addiction and addictive tendencies based on secondary data. A checklist was developed for collecting data based on the article title, author specifications, publication year, setting, research type, hypothesis, data collection instrument, statistical population, sample size, significance level, and probability value to avoid bias in the study selection protocol. Results: The results of studies were divided into nine databases to calculate the effect size, and finally, 11 studies were analyzed. The descriptive data analysis and effect size calculation were performed in the Comprehensive Meta-Analysis Software (CMA) version 2.0. Based on the fixed-effects model, 0.153 of the studies contributed significantly to the actual fixed effect sizes. The difference in effect sizes was due to sampling error. The random-effects model (0.202) suggested the independence of the studies (P < 0.001) with moderate robustness. Conclusions: According to the results, the behavioral construct of impulsivity significantly and positively affected addictive behaviors and tendencies. Therefore, the mediating effect of impulsivity, promote resilience, and train protective strategies for individuals prone to addiction should be controlled to improve mental health quality and develop social, communication, and life skills.
The Effect of Vitamin D Deficiency Treatment on Hemoglobin Levels in Hemodialysis Patients: A Double-blind, Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Ghasemian Seyede Fatemeh , Ahmadi Halili Shahla , Hayati Fatemeh , Beladi-Mousavi Seyed Seifollah , Shayanpour Shokouh , Sabetnia Leila
Published: June 2022

Background: The role of vitamin D deficiency and hemoglobin levels in renal anemia is well established. However, few studies with inconsistent findings have examined the relationship between vitamin D supplementation and the prevalence and severity of anemia in the chronic kidney disease. Objectives: The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of vitamin D deficiency treatment on hemoglobin levels in hemodialysis patients. Methods: The present study was a double-blind, randomized controlled trial on 60 hemodialysis patients aged 18 - 83 years, who were undergoing maintenance dialysis and receiving erythropoietin. All patients with vitamin D (< 30 ng/mL) referred to the dialysis wards of Imam Khomeini, Razi, and Sina hospitals in Ahvaz in 2019, were assigned into two groups. One group was treated with 500 mg oral calcium-D tablets three times a day, and another group was treated with 50,000 units of D-Pearls weekly. The two groups were treated for 12 weeks. Then they were re-evaluated in terms of response to treatment and the rate of improvement in hemoglobin levels and erythropoietin dose. Results: In each intervention group, vitamin D levels increased significantly (P < 0.001). D-Pearls improved vitamin D deficiency; however, the difference was not statistically significant. This study also showed a significant increase in hemoglobin (> 1 unit) in the calcium-D group; however, such a change was not observed in the D-Pearls group (P = 0.3824). Moreover, there was no difference between the two groups in terms of erythropoietin dose (P = 0.98), blood calcium level (P = 0.57), parathyroid level (P = 0.20), and phosphorus (P = 0.99). Conclusions: Despite its significant limitations,this study revealed vitamin D supplements improved vitamin D deficincy, and calcium-D tablets could improve hemoglobin levels in patient.
Enhancing Service Brand Passion Through Self-Congruity: The Moderating Role of Gender and Age
Authors: Gilal Faheem , Memon Amjad , Gilal Naeem , Gilal Rukhsana , Memon Ahsan
Published: June 2022

Purpose: Using congruity theory, triangular theory of love, gender schema theory, and generational cohort theory, this study aimed to examine the relationships between congruity types and consumers’ service brand passion, along with the moderation effect of gender (i.e. male vs. female customers) and age (i.e. young vs. older customers) in these relationships. Design/methodology/approach: A total of N=252 valid responses were collected from the customers of service brands (e.g. bus riders), and the theoretical model was tested using exploratory factor analysis (EFA), structural equation modeling (SEM), and moderation analysis techniques. Findings: After assessing four types of congruity, we discovered that the influence of brand use image congruity had the greatest impact on service brand passion, followed by brand user image congruity, and actual self-congruity. Our moderation variable of gender revealed that the effect of actual self-congruity is more essential in building service brand passion among male than female customers, whereas the effect of ideal self-congruity is more important among female than male customers. Similarly, the effect of ideal self-congruity is more essential for boosting service brand passion among young than older customers, while brand use image congruity better promotes service brand passion among older but not young customers. Implications: This study offers strategies for boosting service brand passion among male (vs. female) and young (vs. older) customers in emerging markets. Originality: This is the first study to look into the effects of congruity types on service brand passion, and it has given marketers a framework for targeting customers based on their gender and age.
K-Pop and K-Car: The Underpinnings of 21st-Century Korean Cultural and Industrial Successes
Authors: Kim Amee , McGoun Elton
Published: June 2022

Abstract Purpose: The 21st century has witnessed an explosive growth of both South Korean popular culture (K-pop) and automobiles (K-car) in Western societies. However, K-pop appears to maintain its success better than K-car. This paper will evaluate the origins of K-pop and K-car and determine the distinguishing factors that led to continued K-pop compared to K-car success. Design/methodology/approach: Suggested claims of artistic/cultural and social/industrial traditions unique to South Korea as causes of the growth in K-pop and K-car success in literature will be evaluated based on historical growth in sales of both products in the US market. Factors of continued success will be evaluated based on how well both industries have been able to maintain their (perceived) brand authenticity, which emphasizes ‘Korean’ cultural values. Findings: Unlike claims regarding the importance of traditional culture in shaping business success in emergent states, this paper shows that the success of Korean music and cars is not due to artistic/cultural values. Rather, while optimally identifying progress within industries such as digitization in music, South Korea’s unique ability is to deploy its industrial machinery to transform bolder performances and designs originating elsewhere into inoffensive forms with broad cross-cultural appeal. Especially, K-pop’s continued success can be explained through better attention to perceived authenticity, without distinguishing its products too much from known, Western perspectives. Results also indicate that Korean products do not perform well when companies attempt to take on a leadership role in the industry or develop bold new designs that deviate strongly from Western principles. Originality/Value: The paper provides unique insights in the similarity of product design and branding, providing tools for evaluating perceived authenticity of a brand and its potential impact on sales. It shows that attention to traditional cultural values may not be a (sufficiently) appropriate strategy for international success. From a Central European perspective, lessons learned by the Korean car and culture industries may lead to new strategic uses of branding and marketing local products and of different forms of governmental/industrial structures to emerge out of the periphery.
Öğretmenlerin Değişime Yönelik Tutumları ve Tükenmişlikleri Arasındaki İlişkide Özyeterliğin Aracı Rolü
Authors: SEVİNÇ Gülşah , ÖZYETER Neslihan Tuğçe
Published: June 2022

Bu araştırmada öğretmenlerin değişime yönelik tutumları ile tükenmişlikleri arasındaki ilişkide öz yeterliklerinin aracılık role sahip olup olmadığı incelenmiştir. Ayrıca öğretmenlerin tükenmişlik düzeyini yordayan değişkenlerin belirlenmesi hedeflenmiştir. Araştırmaya Türkiye’de koronavirüs salgını devam ederken uzaktan eğitim sürecinde görev yapmaya devam eden 274 öğretmen katılmıştır. Veri toplamak amacıyla Öğretmen Özyeterlik Ölçeği, Maslach Tükenmişlik Envanteri ve Öğretmenlerin Değişime Yönelik Tutum Ölçeği kullanılmıştır. Verilerin analizinde bağımsız örneklem t testi, tek yönlü varyans analizi (ANOVA), Pearson Momentler Çarpımı Korelasyon analizi ve aracılığa yönelik olarak SPSS 22.0 programında PROCESS makrosu kullanılmıştır. Analiz sonucunda öğretmenlerin öz yeterliklerinin değişime yönelik tutumları ile tükenmişliğin duygusal tükenmişlik ve kişisel başarı alt boyutları arasındaki ilişkide tam aracılık rolüne sahip olduğu sonucu elde edilmiştir. Regresyon analizi cinsiyet ve kıdem değişkenlerinin tükenmişliğin kişisel başarı alt boyutunun anlamlı yordayıcıları olduğunu göstermiştir. Ayrıca tükenmişliğin alt boyutları olan duygusal tükenmişlik ve duyarsızlaşma ile öz yeterlik arasında negatif yönlü; kişisel başarı ile öz yeterlik arasında ise pozitif yönlü bir ilişki bulunduğu sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Son olarak öğretmenlerin öz yeterlikleri ile değişime yönelik tutumları arasında pozitif ilişki bulunduğu görülmüştür. Araştırma bulguları öğretmenlerin öz yeterliğinin tükenmişliğe karşı olumlu bir özellik olduğunu vurgulamakta ve öz yeterliklerinin geliştirilmesine yönelik uygulamaların faydalı olacağına işaret etmektedir.
Examination of Risk Factors Predicting Cyber Dating Violence Categories in Youths
Authors: DONAT BACIOĞLU Seda
Published: June 2022

Siber flört şiddeti, teknolojik araçların kullanımıyla birlikte partnerlerin kötüye kullanımı ve/veya mağduriyeti ile sonuçlanan bir flört şiddeti türüdür. Bu çalışmada, üniversite öğrencilerinin siber flört şiddeti kategorilerini yordayan risk faktörlerinin incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Araştırmaya, yaşları 18-25 yaş arasında değişen, 311 kadın 159 erkek olmak üzere toplamda 470 genç yetişkin katılmıştır. Araştırmada kullanılan ölçeklerden elde edilen verilerin analizinde, çok kategorili isimsel lojistik regresyon analizi kullanılmıştır. Bulgular, flörtle kısa mesajlaşma (sms) sıklığının, flörtle sosyal ağlar aracılığıyla mesajlaşma sıklığının, sosyal medyada herkese açık video, resim paylaşma sıklığının, sosyal medya kullanımında süreklilik ve yetkinliğin, problemli internet kullanımında online sosyal etkileşim tercihi ve duygu düzenlemenin siber flört şiddetinde partneri kötüye kullanma/mağduriyet olasılığını artıran veya azaltan risk faktörleri olduğu göstermiştir. Araştırma sonuçları alanyazın ışığında tartışılıp yorumlanmış, siber flört şiddetiyle ilgili önleyici ve müdahale edici stratejilerin geliştirilmesi önerilmiştir.
Phosphorylated alpha‐synuclein in Iba1‐positive macrophages in the skin of patients with Parkinson's disease
Authors: Oizumi Hideki , Yamasaki Kenshi , Suzuki Hiroyoshi , Ohshiro Saki , Saito Yuko , Murayama Shigeo , Sugimura Yoko , Hasegawa Takafumi , Fukunaga Kohji , Takeda Atsushi
Published: June 2022

Background

Increasing evidence suggests that alpha‐synuclein (αSyn) accumulation in cholinergic and adrenergic fibers in the skin is a useful biomarker to diagnose idiopathic Parkinson's disease (IPD). It has been widely reported that phosphorylated αSyn (p‐αSyn) deposits in autonomic fibers in IPD are a biomarker in the skin, but other tissue localizations have not been fully investigated.

Objective

It has been previously suggested that αSyn aggregates activate peripheral macrophages and that peripheral macrophages ingest pathological αsyn aggregates in aged rats or IPD patients. However, it remains to be elucidated whether peripheral macrophages in the skin of IPD patients accumulate αSyn. We evaluated whether (1) p‐αSyn deposits in dermal macrophages might represent a useful biomarker for IPD and (2) dermal macrophages play a role in the underlying pathogenesis of IPD.

Methods

We performed an immunohistological analysis of skin biopsy specimens from IPD patients and controls.

Results

We found that (1) p‐αSyn accumulation is present in dermal macrophages in skin biopsy specimens from patients with IPD, (2) not only dermal adrenergic fibers with p‐αSyn deposits but also dermal macrophages with p‐αSyn deposits are useful biomarkers for IPD patients and (3) the number of macrophages was significantly positively correlated with the number of macrophages with p‐αSyn deposits in the dermis of IPD patients.

Interpretation

Our results suggest that dermal macrophages, which are innate immune cells, play an important role in IPD patients and are a novel biomarker for IPD.
Durable Metallic Surfaces Capable of Passive and Active De‐Icing
Authors: Alasvand Zarasvand Kamran , Pope Cory , Nazari Saeed , Orchard David , Clark Catherine , Brinkerhoff Joshua , Golovin Kevin
Published: June 2022

Ice accretion has adverse effects on several industrial sectors worldwide. Sparsely suspended, thin metallic sheets (buckling elastomer‐like anti‐icing metallic surfaces, or BEAMS) recently demonstrated extremely low ice adhesion strengths while maintaining durability. Here, BEAMS are designed using elastomeric suspension points shaped as channels, enabling active de‐icing by flowing air underneath the suspended sheet. The channel geometry is optimized using computational fluid dynamics by iterating through various channel dimensions and flow conditions. An experimental setup is constructed and utilized to assess BEAMS comprised of 1–4 channels. Active de‐icing is achieved by pressurizing the air within the channels to bulge the sheet outward and delaminate accreted ice from the interface. Active de‐icing is achieved by flowing room temperature air through the channels to heat the surface and melt the interface. Passive de‐icing is also observed under atmospheric icing conditions. Rime is accreted within an icing wind tunnel on multichannel BEAMS. Ice adhesion strengths <8 kPa are maintained after ten consecutive icing/de‐icing runs, demonstrating substantial durability. The active and passive de‐icing capability of channeled BEAMS makes it a promising candidate for improving the operational efficiency of infrastructure in cold environments.
High Spin Hall Conductivity Induced by Ferromagnet and Interface
Authors: Li Rongxin , Yuan Xiaojuan , Tu Huayao , Zhang Zhenhua , Luo Yanxiang , Chen Qian , Li Shangkun , Liang Shiheng , Liu Yong , Lu Zhihong , Zeng Zhongming , Xiong Rui
Published: June 2022

Spin‐orbit‐torque (SOT) offers a highly attractive perspective for manipulating magnetization dynamics in magnetic nanostructures. SOT is been observed and studied in various systems. However, limited by the efficiency, SOT‐induced switching of the ultrahard ferromagnet is still extremely difficult and a further improvement in efficiency is requested. Here, the SOT is reported in chemically disordered soft Fe0.5Pt0.5 and Pt/Fe0.5Pt0.5 bilayers. Due to the magnetization‐strengthened spin Hall effect, the damping‐like torque efficiency and spin Hall conductivity (SHC) in Fe0.5Pt0.5 reach 1.11 and 1.08 × 106 ℏ/2e Ω−1 m−1 respectively, much higher than those in conventional materials. Furthermore, the Pt/Fe0.5Pt0.5 interface enhances SHC to a total of 2.93 × 106 ℏ/2e Ω−1 m−1 due to the interfacial symmetry breaking. This system can be used to partially switch the magnetization of ultra‐hard exchange‐spring system with a switching field of 1T by applying a relatively low current. This finding will push forward the development of SOT devices with ultrahigh‐density and low‐power consumption.
Hydrogel Combined with Phototherapy in Wound Healing
Authors: Xu Yinglin , Chen Haolin , Fang Yifen , Wu Jun
Published: June 2022

Wound healing is a complex biological process that involves tissue regeneration. Traditional wound dressings are dry, cannot provide a moist environment for wound healing, and do not have high antibacterial properties. Hydrogels, which are capable of retaining large amounts of water, can create a moist healing environment. Currently, phototherapies have exhibited a high potential for the treatment of bacterial infections. Therefore, combining hydrogels with phototherapy can adequately overcome the shortcomings of traditional wound treatment methods and show great potential for wound healing owing to their high efficiency, low irritation, and good antibacterial performance. In this review, the application of hydrogels combined with phototherapy in wound healing is summarized. First, the basic principles of photodynamic therapy and photothermal therapy are briefly introduced. In addition, the progress of the application of hydrogel combined with phototherapy in wound healing is systematically investigated. Finally, the challenges and prospects of combining hydrogel with phototherapy in wound healing are discussed.
Correlative Analysis of Intra‐ Versus Extracellular Cell Detachment Events via the Alignment of Optical Imaging and Detachment Force Quantification
Authors: Weigl Franziska , Blum Carina , Sancho Ana , Groll Jürgen
Published: June 2022

In recent decades, hybrid characterization systems have become pillars in the study of cellular biomechanics. Especially, Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) is combined with a variety of optical microscopy techniques to discover new aspects of cell adhesion. AFM, however, is limited to the early‐stage of cell adhesion, so that the forces of mature cell contacts cannot be addressed. Even though the invention of Fluidic Force Microscopy (FluidFM) overcomes these limitations by combining the precise force‐control of AFM with microfluidics, the correlative investigation of detachment forces arising from spread mammalian cells has been barely achieved. Here, a novel multifunctional device integrating Fluorescence Microscopy (FL) into FluidFM technology (FL‐FluidFM) is introduced, enabling real‐time optical tracking of entire cell detachment processes in parallel to the undisturbed acquisition of force‐distance curves. This setup, thus, allows for entailing two pieces of information at once. As proof‐of‐principle experiment, this method is applied to fluorescently labeled rat embryonic fibroblast (REF52) cells, demonstrating a precise matching between identified force‐jumps and visualized cellular unbinding steps. This study, thus, presents a novel characterization tool for the correlated evaluation of mature cell adhesion, which has great relevance, for instance, in the development of biomaterials or the fight against diseases such as cancer.
Enantioselective Synthesis of Spiro Chroman‐Isoindolinones via Formal (4+2) Cycloaddition of In Situ‐Generated ortho‐Quinone Methides with 3‐Methylene Isoindolinones
Authors: Wang Tao , Huang Bo , Wang You‐Qing
Published: June 2022

Using chiral phosphoric acids as organocatalysts, a formal asymmetric (4+2) cycloaddition of 3‐methylene isoindolinone and in situ‐generated ortho‐quinone methide substrates is disclosed. This reaction exhibited a broad substrate scope with various substituted cyclic enamides and ortho‐hydroxybenzyl alcohol derivatives to construct a series of spiro chroman‐isoindolinones containing spiro‐N,O‐heterocycles with 56 to 93% ee. This strategy demonstrates significant potential towards establishing a chiral spiro‐N,O‐aminal systems bearing two chiral carbon centers, including a tetrasubstituted carbon stereocenter.

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High‐Performance p‐type 2D FET Based on Monolayer GeC with High Hole Mobility: A DFT‐NEGF Study
Authors: Yang Jialin , Chen Chuyao , Zhang Jingwen , Zhou Wenhan , Qu Hengze , Li Jing , Guo Tingting , Shi Xiaoqin , Wu Zhenhua , Zhang Shengli
Published: June 2022

2D materials are identified as Si alternatives for channels in next‐generation electronic devices. However, lack of high‐performance (HP) p‐type field‐effect transistors (FETs) acts as a block to the development of efficient complementary circuits. Here, p‐type monolayer GeC with planar structure is evaluated as a promising channel material to resolve the corresponding problems. The monolayer GeC possesses a direct bandgap of 2.07 eV with high hole mobility up to 6600 cm2 V–1 s–1. Coupling with ballistic quantum transport simulations, the results show that both n‐ and p‐FETs can hold the on‐currents exceeding 1200 µA µm–1 for HP devices. Particularly, for p‐type, the on‐currents with the channel shrinking from 10 to 3 nm can reach as high as 2991—1660 µA µm–1, which is of great value for the design of complementary circuits in 2D electronics. In addition, the figures of merits for GeC FETs, such as delay time, power dissipation, and energy‐delay product, are also assessed, fulfilling the demands of the International Technology Roadmap for Semiconductors (ITRS) and the International Roadmap for Devices and Systems (IRDS) for HP applications. Hence, this study demonstrates great potential of 2D GeC for future competitive electronic devices.
Key phenotypes related to wheat grain yield in a two‐site multicultivar test
Authors: Yang Yang , Li Na , Wu Yuejin , Liu Binmei , Li Shiying , Tao Liangzhi , Zhan Yue , Yang Ye , Ni Xiaoyu
Published: June 2022

Yield performances of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars are decided by the combined effects of key phenotypes. However, it is unclear which phenotypes are the key phenotypes that determine yield. We conducted a two‐site multicultivar test in Henan and Anhui in China during the 2016‒2017 wheat growing season. The objectives were to assess the relationships between grain yield and other related phenotypes and reveal the key phenotypes related to grain yield. Grain yield and nineteen phenotypes were assessed in a field trial consisting of 28 wheat cultivars. Multivariate statistical analysis methods (e.g., principal component analysis, partial least squares model, structural equation model) were used to reveal the relationships between grain yield and other related phenotypes. Wheat phenotypes changed as a result of the differences in environment (site) and genotype (cultivar). Eleven phenotypes were identified as the key phenotypes closely related to grain yield: biomass, harvest index, spike density, leaf nitrate reductase, net photosynthetic rate, canopy temperature, leaf chlorophyll, leaf area index, stomatal conductance, carboxylation efficiency, and transpiration rate. For analyzing the mechanisms of yield differences, multiple related phenotypes (rather than a single phenotype) should be considered.
Twenty‐year phosphorus trends in forage systems receiving aluminum sulfate‐treated poultry litter
Authors: Ashworth Amanda J. , Moore, Philip A. , Bacon Tyler , Anderson Kelsey , Martin Jerry
Published: June 2022

Adding aluminum sulfate or alum to poultry litter is a best management practice (BMP) that reduces ammonia emissions and P runoff and leaching, although its long‐term effects on forage growth and P uptake are largely unknown. The objective was to determine if reducing soluble P in litter with alum would result in forage P deficiencies or reduce yields. A 20‐yr study was conducted to determine effects of four rates of alum‐treated litter, untreated litter, and ammonium nitrate (NH4NO3), as well as an unfertilized control on tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) yield and P uptake. Phosphorus uptake increased as litter rates increased for both sources but was greater (P ≤ .05) for untreated litter, likely owing to high water‐extractable P in soil. Over 20 yr, both litter sources had greater P uptake than NH4NO3. Average annual yields by fertilizer source across rates were 6.92, 6.64, 5.10, and 3.38 Mg ha–1 for alum‐treated litter, untreated litter, NH4NO3, and the control, respectively. Forage yields increased with litter application rate, but there was no difference due to litter source, whereas yields were 34% lower with NH4NO3 due to soil acidification and forage P deficiency (≤0.2% P). Multiple regression indicated tall fescue P uptake was affected by total P application rate and water‐extractable phosphorus (WEP), whereas yields were influenced by N rates, Mehlich III P levels, soil pH, and precipitation. These results indicate that amending soils with alum‐treated litter does not adversely affect tall fescue yields or P utilization, therefore alum is a sustainable BMP in pasture systems.
Morphological characteristics of lateral pelvic lymph nodes in locally advanced lower rectal cancer: A retrospective study
Authors: Suzuki Yushi , Sasaki Takeshi , Hasegawa Hiro , Ikeda Koji , Teramura Koichi , Tsukada Yuichiro , Nishizawa Yuji , Ito Masaaki
Published: June 2022

Aim

This study aimed to investigate the potential of the size and aspect ratio of metastatic and non‐metastatic lateral pelvic lymph nodes (LPLNs) as low‐risk markers for locally advanced lower rectal cancer, without treatment by neoadjuvant chemoradiation therapy or LPLN dissection.

Methods

This single‐center, retrospective cohort study evaluated 310 consecutive patients diagnosed with lower rectal cancer (T: T3/T4, N: any, and M: M0) who underwent curative surgery without neoadjuvant therapies between 2010 and 2018. The harvested LPLNs were categorized into groups A (metastasis‐positive lymph nodes), B (metastasis‐negative lymph nodes in the area bearing metastasis‐positive lymph nodes), C (metastasis‐negative lymph nodes in a metastasis‐negative area in metastasis‐positive patients), and D (lymph nodes in non‐metastatic patients). The main outcome measure was the relationship among lymph node size, aspect ratio, and metastasis in the LPLNs.

Results

Overall, 3962 LPLNs were harvested. The long and short axes and the aspect ratio were significantly longer and higher, respectively, in group A than in the other groups (P < .001). The aspect ratio in group B was significantly higher than that in groups C and D (P < .001). The aspect ratio in group C was significantly higher than that in group D (P < .001). Furthermore, no metastasis‐positive lymph nodes had an aspect ratio of less than 0.4. Metastasis‐positive LPLNs tended to be larger and rounder than their metastasis‐negative counterparts.

Conclusions

Metastatic LPLNs in patients with lower rectal cancer are significantly larger and have a higher aspect ratio. Lymph nodes with aspect ratios of <0.4 were metastasis negative.
The evolution of human skin pigmentation: A changing medley of vitamins, genetic variability, and UV radiation during human expansion
Authors: Lucock Mark D.
Published: June 2022

This review examines putative, yet likely critical evolutionary pressures contributing to human skin pigmentation and subsequently, depigmentation phenotypes. To achieve this, it provides a synthesis of ideas that frame contemporary thinking, without limiting the narrative to pigmentation genes alone. It examines how geography and hence the quality and quantity of UV exposure, pigmentation genes, diet‐related genes, vitamins, anti‐oxidant nutrients, and cultural practices intersect and interact to facilitate the evolution of human skin color. The article has a strong focus on the vitamin D‐folate evolutionary model, with updates on the latest biophysical research findings to support this paradigm. This model is examined within a broad canvas that takes human expansion out of Africa and genetic architecture into account. A thorough discourse on the biology of melanization is provided (includes relationship to BH4 and DNA damage repair), with the relevance of this to the UV sensitivity of folate and UV photosynthesis of vitamin D explained in detail, including the relevance of these vitamins to reproductive success. It explores whether we might be able to predict vitamin‐related gene polymorphisms that pivot metabolism to the prevailing UVR exposome within the vitamin D‐folate evolutionary hypothesis context. This is discussed in terms of a primary adaptive phenotype (pigmentation/depigmentation), a secondary adaptive phenotype (flexible metabolic phenotype based on vitamin‐related gene polymorphism profile), and a tertiary adaptive strategy (dietary anti‐oxidants to support the secondary adaptive phenotype). Finally, alternative evolutionary models for pigmentation are discussed, as are challenges to future research in this area.
Patent Foramen Ovale and Risk of Recurrence in Stroke of Determined Etiology
Authors: Baik Minyoul , Shim Chi Young , Gwak Seo‐Yeon , Kim Young Dae , Nam Hyo Suk , Lee Hye Sun , Nam Chung Mo , Heo Ji Hoe
Published: June 2022

Objective

Patent foramen ovale (PFO) is often found in stroke patients with determined etiologies. PFO may be the actual cause of stroke in some of them. We determined whether the risk of recurrent ischemic stroke differs with PFO status in stroke patients with determined etiologies.

Methods

This study included consecutive patients with stroke of determined etiology who underwent transesophageal echocardiography. We compared the rates of recurrent cerebral infarction in patients with versus without PFO, and according to PFO‐Associated Stroke Causal Likelihood (PASCAL) classification.

Results

Of 2,314 included patients, 827 (35.7%) had PFO. During a median follow‐up of 4.4 years, cerebral infarction recurred in 202 (8.7%). In multivariate modified Cox regression analyses, recurrence of infarction did not significantly differ between patients with PFO and those without PFO (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.86, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.64–1.17, p = 0.339). Interaction analysis showed a significant effect of PFO in patients aged <65 years (adjusted p for interaction = 0.090). PFO was independently associated with a decreased risk of recurrent infarction in patients younger than 65 years (HR = 0.41, 95% CI = 0.20–0.85, adjusted p = 0.016). Patients with probable PFO‐associated stroke on the PASCAL classification had a significantly lower risk of recurrent infarction than those without PFO (HR = 0.31, 95% CI = 0.10–0.97, p = 0.044).

Interpretation

Considering the generally low risk of recurrence in PFO‐associated stroke, PFO may be the actual cause of stroke in some patients with determined etiologies, especially younger patients or those with PFO features of probable PFO‐associated stroke. ANN NEUROL 2022;92:596–606
Homologous and Heterologous Chiral Supramolecular Polymerization from Exclusively Achiral Building Blocks
Authors: Li Chengxi , Sang Yutao , Jin Xue , Duan Pengfei , Liu Minghua
Published: June 2022

Among the enticing issues of chiral origins are: how chirality is born from the initial achiral units and the mechanisms for the transfer of chiral information. In this work, by combining a physical vortex and chiral seeds, a general process is revealed to generate chiral supramolecular polymers from achiral C3‐symmetric molecules. The symmetry‐broken assemblies from the achiral molecules could work as chiral seeds to initiate the polymerization of either homologous or heterologous achiral monomers. Concomitantly, the fragmentation of the polymer caused by the vortex during the nucleation‐elongation stages is shown to enlarge the domains of the chiral nuclei and then guide the polymer to grow into the predominant helicity with a high reactivity ratio. Moreover, the chiral structural information can be stored in different forms of assemblies. These new polymerization modes will provide guidance for the preparation of chiral materials.
A diagnostically challenging case of pyelonephritis caused by Lactobacillus
Authors: Hori Erika , Nakamura Michiyo , Tamura Hiroshi
Published: June 2022

Extracellular polysaccharides produced by Lactobacillus have been shown to stimulate the immune system, suppress reactivity to allergens, and protect from infections; these properties underlie the use of Lactobacillus in probiotic formulations and in the prevention and treatment of urinary tract infections. However, Lactobacillus can be independently isolated at high numbers from sites of infection and has been rarely considered as the causative agent of infections in immunocompromised individuals. We herein report the case of a 46‐year‐old female patient who developed pyelonephritis due to Lactobacillus following total thyroidectomy for papillary thyroid cancer. The patient also had to fast due to postoperative vocal cord paralysis and received steroid treatment. As illustrated in the clinical course of our patient, Lactobacillus can be overlooked as a contaminant in culture samples and should be suspected as the etiology of infection especially in patients with weakened immune responses. We suggest that the detection of Lactobacillus in culture these patients might be an indication to initiate appropriate antibiotic treatment without delay.
Small intestinal hamartomatous polyp due to Peutz–Jeghers syndrome in middle childhood
Authors: Kakiuchi Toshihiko , Akutagawa Takashi
Published: June 2022

Small‐bowel surveillance is recommended from the age of 8 years in asymptomatic individuals with Peutz–Jeghers syndrome. Because intussusception and risk of strangulated ileus were noted in an 11‐year‐old patient, small‐bowel surveillance should be reliably performed from the age of 8 years to avoid urgent surgery.
A Shared Prebiotic Formation of Neopterins and Guanine Nucleosides from Pyrimidine Bases
Authors: Menor‐Salván César , Burcar Bradley T. , Bouza Marcos , Fialho David M. , Fernández Facundo M. , Hud Nicholas V.
Published: June 2022

Invited for the cover of this issue are the groups of César Menor‐Salván, Facundo Fernández and Nicholas V. Hud at the University of Alcala and the Georgia Institute of Technology. The image depicts the authors contemplating the origin of pterins and guanosine nucleosides from a common precursor, with the art‐gallery setting embodying their feeling that the common synthetic pathways of these molecules in both the prebiotic world and in biochemistry is a natural work of (chemical) art. Read the full text of the article at 10.1002/chem.202200714.
La performance des PMEs internationales: État des lieux et pistes de recherches futures
Authors: Lamb Philippe , Darouichi Oussama , Jonczyk Sédès Claudia
Published: June 2022

Notre étude a pour objectif d’évaluer l’état des connaissances et de formuler un agenda de recherche dans le domaine de la performance des PMEs internationales. Au travers d'une revue de 231 contributions publiées entre 1993 et 2019, nous identifions (i) les principaux débats théoriques (ii) les facteurs clés de succès et mesures de la performance des PME internationales et (iii) les approches théoriques et méthodologiques utilisées dans le domaine. Sur la base de ces analyses, nous proposons une définition des facteurs de performance en fonction des cadres théoriques mobilisés ainsi qu'une vue d'ensemble des déterminants et mesures de performance identifiées dans la littérature. Parmi les voies de recherches futures, nous préconisons une perspective théorique et empirique plus holistique, une approche qualitative et longitudinale ainsi que plus de travaux portant sur des PME issues de pays émergents.
Suppressing Redox Shuttling with Lithiated Nafion‐Modified Separators for Li‐O2 Batteries
Authors: Zhang Yuqing , Xie Shuyuan , Li Dan , Liu Yulong , Li Chao , Liu Jia , Xie Haiming
Published: June 2022

Although the employment of redox mediator (RM) is an effective strategy to reduce the overpotential by avoiding the direct electrochemical oxidization of Li2O2 during charging, an unexpected redox shuttling in Li‐O2 system leads to RM degradation and continuous deterioration of Li anode, finally resulting in a limited cycling stability. Here, a functional lithiated Nafion‐modified separator was firstly introduced to inhibit the shuttle effect by coulombic/electrostatic interactions in RM‐involved Li‐O2 batteries. The fabrication of the separator involved easily accessible raw materials and an easy‐to‐operate process, which made it suitable for large‐scale production. The enhancement of lithiated process on electrochemical properties was systematically investigated. In addition, the influence of decorated amount on cycling stability was also studied. Furthermore, the functional contribution of lithiated Nafion on inhibition of redox shuttling and the working mechanism for cells with and without as‐prepared separators were proposed. This work can give an insight into the development of functional separator (i. e., activity issue) and the suppression of parasitic reactions (i. e., selectivity issue) in Li‐O2 batteries.
Molecular features of pancreaticobiliary neoplasms: Implications for diagnosis, prognostication, and therapy selection
Authors: Layfield Lester J. , Zhang Tao , Esebua Magda
Published: June 2022

Background

Molecular diagnostics has impacted the diagnosis, prediction of prognosis, and selection of targeted therapy for many tumor types. While pulmonary adenocarcinomas and melanomas are among the neoplasms most associated with molecular diagnostics and targeted therapy, malignancies of the pancreaticobiliary system have also been impacted by precision medicine.

Methods

We undertook an electronic search using PubMed and Embase to review the published literature to determine what forms of molecular testing, mutations and oncogenetic pathways are associated with neoplasms of the pancreaticobiliary system. Keywords utilized were pancreas, bile duct, mutations, ERCP, FNA, KRAS, SMAD4, TP53, next‐generation sequencing, serous cystadenoma, pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm, cystic mucinous neoplasm, solid pseudo‐papillary neoplasm.

Results

A search between 1999 and 2022 yielded 6874 manuscripts. Screening of these yielded 302 more focused manuscripts of which 55 were used for the study. Ductal adenocarcinoma of the pancreas is associated with a progression of mutations beginning wit KRAS mutations and ending with a set of mutations in the TP53, SMAD4, and DPC4 genes. Similar mutations are found in neoplastic mucinous cysts. Specific mutations characterize serous cystadenomas, solid, and pseudo papillary neoplasms and adenocarcinomas of the bile ducts.

Conclusions

Mutational analysis of cytologic specimens obtained by fine‐needle aspiration, and duct brushings and washings are helpful in the diagnosis of pancreaticobiliary neoplasms and may supply prognostic information.
Modeling impacts of drought‐induced salinity intrusion on carbon dynamics in tidal freshwater forested wetlands
Authors: Wang Hongqing , Dai Zhaohua , Trettin Carl C. , Krauss Ken W. , Noe Gregory B. , Burton Andrew J. , Stagg Camille L. , Ward Eric J.
Published: June 2022

Tidal freshwater forested wetlands (TFFW) provide critical ecosystem services including an essential habitat for a variety of wildlife species and significant carbon sinks for atmospheric carbon dioxide. However, large uncertainties remain concerning the impacts of climate change on the magnitude and variability of carbon fluxes and storage across a range of TFFW. In this study, we developed a process‐driven Tidal Freshwater Wetlands DeNitrification‐DeComposition model (TFW‐DNDC) that has integrated new features, such as soil salinity effects on plant productivity and soil organic matter decomposition to explore carbon dynamics in the TFFW in response to drought‐induced saltwater intrusion. Eight sites along the floodplains of the Waccamaw River (USA) and the Savannah River (USA) were selected to represent the TFFW transition from healthy to moderately and highly salt‐impacted forests, and eventually to oligohaline marshes. The TFW‐DNDC was calibrated and validated using field observed annual litterfall, stem growth, root growth, soil heterotrophic respiration, and soil organic carbon storage. Analyses indicate that plant productivity and soil carbon sequestration in TFFW could change substantially in response to increased soil pore water salinity and reduced soil water table due to drought, but in interactive ways dependent on the river simulated. These responses are variable due to nonlinear relationships between carbon cycling processes and environmental drivers. Plant productivity, plant respiration, soil organic carbon sequestration rate, and storage in the highly salt‐impacted forest sites decreased significantly under drought conditions compared with normal conditions. Considering the high likelihood of healthy and moderately salt‐impacted forests becoming highly salt‐impacted forests under future climate change and sea‐level rise, it is very likely that the TFFW will lose their capacity as carbon sinks without up‐slope migration.
cyc‐DEP: Cyclic immunofluorescence profiling of particles collected using dielectrophoresis
Authors: Gustafson Kyle T. , Sayar Zeynep , Le Hillary , Gustafson Steven L. , Gower Austin , Modestino Augusta , Ibsen Stuart , Heller Michael J. , Esener Sadik , Eksi Sebnem E.
Published: June 2022

Cancer is a highly heterogenous disease that requires precise detection tools and active surveillance methods. Liquid biopsy assays provide an agnostic way to follow the complex trajectory of cancer, providing better patient stratification tools for optimized treatment. Here, we present the development of a low‐volume liquid biopsy assay called cyc‐DEP (cyclic immunofluorescent imaging on dielectrophoretic chip) to profile biomarkers collected on a dielectrophoretic microfluidic chip platform. To enable on‐chip cyclic imaging, we optimized a fluorophore quenching method and sequential rounds of on‐chip staining with fluorescently conjugated primary antibodies. cyc‐DEP allows for the quantification of a multiplex array of proteins using 25 µl of a patient plasma sample. We utilized nanoparticles from a prostate adenocarcinoma (LNCaP) cell line and a panel of six target proteins to develop our proof‐of‐concept technique. We then used cyc‐DEP to quantify blood plasma levels of target proteins from healthy individuals, low‐grade and high‐grade prostate cancer patients (n = 3 each) in order to demonstrate that our platform is suitable for liquid biopsy analysis in its present form. To ensure accurate quantification of signal intensities and comparisons between different samples, we incorporated a signal intensity normalization method (fluorescent beads) and a custom signal intensity quantification algorithm that account for the distribution of signal across hundreds of collection regions on each chip. Our technique enabled a threefold improvement in multiplicity for detecting proteins associated with fluid samples, opening doors for early detection, and active surveillance through quantification of a multiplex array of biomarkers from low‐volume liquid biopsies.
Size‐dependent electrophoretic motion of polystyrene particles at polyethylene glycol–dextran interfaces
Authors: Chang Hui , Li Deyu , Zhang Xiangyu , Xu Runxin , Zhang Junyan , Song Yongxin
Published: June 2022

Currently, there is very limited information on the electrophoretic behavior of particles at a liquid–liquid interface formed by two conducting liquid solutions. Here, electrophoretic velocities of polystyrene particles at a polyethylene glycol (PEG)–dextran (DEX) interface were investigated in this paper. Experimental results show that the particle at the interface moves in the opposite direction to the applied electric field, with a velocity much lower than that in the PEG‐rich phase and a litter larger than that in the DEX‐rich phase. Similarly to the movement in Newtonian fluids, the velocity increases linearly with the increase in the applied electric field. Different to particle electrophoresis in Newtonian fluids, the velocities of the particles at the PEG–DEX interface increase linearly with the decrease in particle's diameters, implying a possible size‐based particle differentiation at an interface.