bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ultra‐minimal pinhole blepharoplasty: A minimally invasive technique for the correction of eyelid bags
Authors: Yu Haicheng , Ren Liming , Zou Yi , Guo Ying , Zhu Haijun , Qiu Weiming , Xu Kai
Published: December 2022

Objective

The aim of the study was to investigate the efficacy and complications of ultra‐minimal pinhole blepharoplasty in the treatment of eyelid bags.

Methods

This retrospective study included patients with eyelid bags treated using a minimally invasive blepharoplasty technique between May 2018 and June 2021. The postoperative course and complications and patient satisfaction were analyzed.

Results

A total of 460 patients (136 males and 324 females) were included with a mean age of 42.12 ± 9.76 years. The mean operative time was 24.3 min. After the operation, the patients had no infection, numbness, or lower eyelid varus, valgus, or withdrawal. Nine patients developed transient binocular diplopia, which disappeared 0.5–1 h after surgery. Two patients developed chemosis, which disappeared after therapy. Six months after the operation, 440 (95.65%) patients were satisfied with improvement in their fat bulge. A total of 434 (94.78%) patients were satisfied with improvement in their tear groove.

Conclusion

Ultra‐minimal pinhole blepharoplasty is a safe, effective, and minimally invasive treatment for eyelid bags.
Comparative evaluation of the efficacy of topical tacrolimus 0.03% and topical calcipotriol 0.005% mixed with betamethasone dipropionate versus topical clobetasol 0.05% in treatment of alopecia areata: A clinical and trichoscopic study
Authors: Nassar Amany , Elradi Mona , Radwan Mona , Albalat Waleed
Published: December 2022

Background

Alopecia areata (AA) is a common non‐scarring hair loss disorder that affects children and adults with a great psychological burden because of its recurrent and sometimes treatment‐refractory nature.

Objective

To compare the efficacy of topical calcineurin inhibitor, topical potent steroid combined with vitamin D analogue versus topical superpotent steroid in treatment of localized AA.

Patients and Methods

Sixty subjects with chronic (>1 year) localized (SALT score < 25%) AA, confirmed clinically and dermoscopically, were randomized into three groups. Group I used topical 0.03% tacrolimus (Tarolimus®), group II used topical potent steroid combined with vitamin D analogue (Daivobet®). and group III used topical superpotent steroid (Dermovate®). All patients continued a daily therapy for three successive months and were followed up for three other months. Assessment was done using PULL test, SALT score, and dermoscopic comparison before and after therapy.

Results

Group II showed comparable statistical results to group III with lower values in a non‐statistically significant way. Group I achieved the least improvement among all groups.

Conclusion

Combined vitamin D analogues with potent steroid appears to be a more convenient treatment for localized AA than superpotent steroids because of less side effects and comparable efficacy. Tacrolimus needs further research or formula customization to be used as a topical therapy for AA.
Poly‐L‐Lactic acid increases collagen gene expression and synthesis in cultured dermal fibroblast (Hs68) through the TGF‐β/Smad pathway
Authors: Zhu Wenqing , Dong Chengzhi
Published: December 2022

Objective

Poly‐L‐Lactic Acid (PLLA) is a synthetic polymer which possesses biocompatible and biodegradable properties, and is widely used in the clinical filler material. This study focuses on the potential role of PLLA on the collagen production of dermal fibroblasts and its mechanism.

Methods

The dermal fibroblast Hs60 was treated with different concentration of PLLA. RT‐qPCR was conducted for the determination of mRNA levels of collagen type I (COL1) alpha 1 (COL1A1), COL1 alpha 2 (COL1A2), elastin, matrix metalloproteinase 1 (MMP‐1), tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 1 (TIMP‐1), and TIMP‐2. Procollagen Type I C‐peptide (PIP) enzyme immunoassay (EIA) Kit assay was carried out to analyze procollagen production. Western Blot was employed to examine the effect of PLLA and transforming frown factor (TGF‐β) receptor‐specific inhibitor (SB431542) on protein levels of COL1A1 and TGF‐β/Smad signaling pathway related proteins.

Results

With the increase of PLLA concentration, the production of procollagen gradually increased, and both protein and mRNA levels of COL1A1 and COL1A2 gradually increased (p < 0.001). Elevated PLLA concentrations increased elastin, TIMP‐1, and TIMP‐2 levels and attenuated MMP‐1 expression. PLLA increased TGF‐β levels in a dose‐dependently manner. p‐Smad2 and p‐Smad3 protein levels were also increased by PLLA, but the influences were reversed by SB431542 (p < 0.001). Similarly, increased levels of COL1A1, COL1A2, TIMP‐1, and TIMP‐2 caused by PLLA were significantly inhibited by SB431542, whereas MMP‐1 was typically elevated (p < 0.001).

Conclusion

Poly‐L‐Lactic Acid promotes the collagen production of dermal fibroblasts by activating the TGF‐β/Smad signaling pathway. The findings may lay a foundation for clinical material applications of PLLA.
Selective photothermolysis with a novel 1726 nm laser beam: A safe and effective solution for acne vulgaris
Authors: Goldberg David , Kothare Amogh , Doucette Margot , Kaur Arshdeep , Ronan Stephen , Fromowitz Jeffrey , Hamidi‐Sakr Amer
Published: December 2022

Background

Selective photothermolysis on sebaceous glands is an effective method for treating acne vulgaris (AV); however, safety, efficacy, and discomfort hinder its utilization in clinical settings.

Aims

The primary objective is to evaluate the safety and efficacy of a novel 1726 nm laser with contact cooling to treat AV.

Methods

Seventeen patients aged 18 to 36 were enrolled and treated in this IRB‐approved, single‐center, open‐label study. Patients received up to three facial laser sessions up to seven weeks apart. Follow‐up visits happened ten days post‐session and at the 4 and 12 weeks following the final session. The investigator assessed the severity of device‐related adverse events (AEs). Investigator Global Assessment (IGA) and inflammatory lesion counts (ILC) were used as metrics to evaluate acne resolution and skin condition enhancement. Patients' perspectives on satisfaction and comfort using this technology were assessed using Subject Experience Questionnaires (SEQ).

Results

Safety assessment showed mild and transient AEs. All subjects tolerated anesthetics‐free treatments well, with a mean treatment discomfort score of 4.9 ± 1.5. Compared to baseline, a statistically significant reduction in ILC (p = 0.003) of 52% to 56% is achieved four to twelve weeks following treatment. Long‐term follow‐ups showed progressive improvement 24 months post‐treatment with a 97% reduction in ILC. SEQs revealed high subject satisfaction (71%) with psychosocial improvement three months post‐treatment.

Conclusion

The novel 1726 nm laser appears safe and effective for treating mild‐to‐severe acne. Acne resolution is apparent within the first month and progresses beyond the study duration.
The double bind of “Shame”: The colonial ramifications in Tahitian language revitalization
Authors: Misaki Mai
Published: December 2022

This article discusses the multifaceted and shifting nature of “shame” (ha'amā) associated with Tahitian, one of the Indigenous languages of French Polynesia. Despite congregants at the Mā'ohi Protestant Church contesting the colonial degradation of Mā'ohi Indigeneity and promoting the spiritual significance of Indigenous languages, the idea of shame and awkwardness attached to speaking practices remains the largest psychological obstacle for language revitalization. This research establishes that while “language empowerment” attempts to reverse colonial stigma, the site of “shame” is shifting from its colonial associations to an age‐based habit and, further, to the speakers' failure in owning it.
Gingival tissue samples from periodontitis patients demonstrate epithelial–mesenchymal transition phenotype
Authors: Saliem Saif S. , Bede Salwan Y. , Abdulkareem Ali A. , Abdullah Bashar H. , Milward Michael R. , Cooper Paul R.
Published: December 2022

Objective

To determine the expression of key epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) markers in gingival tissue samples collected from patients with periodontitis.

Background

Epithelial–mesenchymal transition is a process responsible for shifting epithelial‐phenotype to mesenchymal‐phenotype leading to loss of epithelial‐barrier function. Thus, EMT could be involved as a pathogenic mechanism in periodontitis as both conditions share common promoters and signalling pathways.

Materials and Methods

Gingival tissue samples were collected from patients with periodontitis (case) and healthy periodontium (control). Periodontal parameters including bleeding on probing, probing pocket depth (PPD), and clinical attachment loss were recorded. Paraffinized tissue samples were processed and immunohistochemically stained to determine the expression of key EMT markers which included E‐cadherin, β‐catenin, Snail1 and vimentin.

Results

The majority of cases (n = 65, 72.2%) were diagnosed with periodontitis stage 3 or 4, grade b or c vs 25 (27.8%) subjects with intact healthy periodontium. Discontinuity of epithelium was detected in up to 80.9% of periodontitis cases associated with reduced number of epithelial layers as compared to controls. Immunohistochemical expression of epithelial markers (E‐cadherin and β‐catenin) was significantly downregulated in periodontitis patients as compared with controls. Periodontitis cases exhibited significant upregulation of Snail1 expression. Furthermore, cytoplasmic vimentin (66.2%) and nuclear β‐catenin (27.7%) were solely expressed in periodontally diseased tissues compared with control. Epithelial markers, E‐cadherin and β‐catenin, were significantly negatively correlated with increasing PPD, while vimentin showed positive correlation with this parameter.

Conclusion

There were marked downregulation of epithelial molecules and upregulation of mesenchymal markers in gingival tissues derived from periodontitis patients, suggesting expression of the EMT phenotype in the pathological epithelial lining of periodontal pockets.
MBNL‐dependent impaired development within the neuromuscular system in myotonic dystrophy type 1
Authors: Tahraoui‐Bories Julie , Mérien Antoine , González‐Barriga Anchel , Lainé Jeanne , Leteur Céline , Polvèche Hélène , Carteron Alexandre , De Lamotte Juliette Duchesne , Nicoleau Camille , Polentes Jérome , Jarrige Margot , Gomes‐Pereira Mário , Ventre Erwann , Poydenot Pauline , Furling Denis , Schaeffer Laurent , Legay Claire , Martinat Cécile
Published: December 2022

Aims

Myotonic dystrophy type I (DM1) is one of the most frequent muscular dystrophies in adults. Although DM1 has long been considered mainly a muscle disorder, growing evidence suggests the involvement of peripheral nerves in the pathogenicity of DM1 raising the question of whether motoneurons (MNs) actively contribute to neuromuscular defects in DM1.

Methods

By using micropatterned 96‐well plates as a coculture platform, we generated a functional neuromuscular model combining DM1 and muscleblind protein (MBNL) knock‐out human‐induced pluripotent stem cells‐derived MNs and human healthy skeletal muscle cells.

Results

This approach led to the identification of presynaptic defects which affect the formation or stability of the neuromuscular junction at an early developmental stage. These neuropathological defects could be reproduced by the loss of RNA‐binding MBNL proteins, whose loss of function in vivo is associated with muscular defects associated with DM1. These experiments indicate that the functional defects associated with MNs can be directly attributed to MBNL family proteins. Comparative transcriptomic analyses also revealed specific neuronal‐related processes regulated by these proteins that are commonly misregulated in DM1.

Conclusions

Beyond the application to DM1, our approach to generating a robust and reliable human neuromuscular system should facilitate disease modelling studies and drug screening assays.
Perspectives and knowledge of acne vulgaris among young adolescents
Authors: Toy Jeffrey , Wan Vincent , Lee Dong Goo , Liu Chaocheng , Fleming Patrick , Lynde Charles
Published: December 2022

Acne occurs in up to 90% of young adolescents, but prior research has found that this population exhibits a limited understanding of acne and is vulnerable to myths and misinformation accumulated from family members, friends, and social media. We created a virtual presentation on skin hygiene, acne prevention, and acne‐associated stigma for adolescent youth (aged 9–13) to improve acne health literacy, which was reviewed by three board‐certified dermatologists. A descriptive cross‐sectional study using data collected for quality improvement (n = 209, total) revealed that approximately half (n = 102/202, 50.5%) of all students believed that acne could not be treated with medications, only 34.0% (n = 67/197) believed acne could impact their mental health, and most students incorrectly believed that dirt buildup (n = 124/209, 59.3%) and poor hygiene (n = 125/209, 59.8%) were pathogenic for acne. Our results stress the necessity of early evidence‐based educational interventions as a cornerstone to breaking self‐perpetuating myths and misinformation that may lead to acne mismanagement, delayed access to healthcare, and permanent scarring later in life.
Foreign direct investment under uncertainty evidence from a large panel of countries
Authors: Jardet Caroline , Jude Cristina , Chinn Menzie
Published: December 2022

We examine the effect of uncertainty on foreign direct investment inflows for advanced, emerging market and developing countries over a 25‐year long (pre‐Covid) sample. Using a push‐pull framework, and controlling for both global and local factors, we find policy uncertainty has discernable and significant effects on inflows, varying in strength and direction between different groups of countries. Moreover, it is not host country uncertainty that seems to matter the most, but rather global uncertainty. Additionally, we find that high levels of uncertainty matter disproportionately. Finally, financial openness accentuates the impact of uncertainty for emerging market and developing countries.
Two‐sided heterogeneity: New implications for input trade
Authors: Ara Tomohiro
Published: December 2022

This article develops a heterogeneous firm model to analyze selection effects at different production stages on trade‐induced intra‐industry resource reallocations. Using a two‐country symmetric setting in which both inputs and final goods are costly to trade subject to selection, we show that the trade elasticity of intermediate goods is endogenously greater than that of final goods due to an extra adjustment in the extensive margin. We also show that the welfare gains from input trade liberalization are greater than those from output trade liberalization if and only if the domestic input share is smaller than the domestic output share.
Dental care utilization among developmentally disabled adolescents experiencing difficulty with decayed teeth: A population‐level study
Authors: Bhoopathi Vinodh , Wells Christine , Atchison Kathryn Ann
Published: December 2022

Aims

To determine if adolescents with developmental disabilities (DDs) who experienced difficulty with dental caries differed by dental visits in the past 12 months and receipt of preventive services (fluoride treatment and dental sealants) during those visits compared to adolescents with no DDs or difficulty with dental caries.

Methods and Results

A cross‐sectional study was conducted using data of 91 196 adolescents aged 10–17 years from the 2016–2020 National Survey of Children's Health. Descriptive and bivariate statistics and multivariable regression models were conducted. We derived the odds ratio for visiting a dental office (OR: 0.76, 95% CI: 0.57–1.03, p = .07), receiving fluoride treatments (OR: 1.20, 95% CI: 1.01–1.43, p = .04), and dental sealants (OR: 1.44, 95% CI: 1.19–1.75, p < .001) for DD adolescents who experienced difficulty with dental caries compared to adolescents with no DDs or difficulty with dental caries.

Conclusions

DD adolescents who experienced difficulty with dental caries were more likely to receive fluoride treatments and sealants during dental visits but were equally likely to have a dental visit in the past 12 months than adolescents with no DDs or difficulty with dental caries.
Ficolin‐3 and MASP‐2 gene variants in Siberian arctic populations: Summarized evidence of selective pressure for the high frequency of lectin complement pathway deficiency
Authors: Tereshchenko Sergey Yu. , Smolnikova Marina V. , Freidin Maxim B.
Published: December 2022

Herewith, we provide novel original data about the prevalence of FCN3 rs532781899 and MASP2 rs72550870 variants among the newborns of aboriginal Siberian Arctic populations (Nenets and Dolgan‐Nganasans) and Russians of East Siberia. This novel data has been analysed along with the genetic data about other proteins of the lectin pathway of the complement system (mannose‐binding lectin and ficolin‐2) obtained earlier. A total of 926 specimens of dried blood spots of the newborns were genotyped. The newborns represented four populations: Nenets, Dolgan‐Nganasans, Mixed aboriginal population, and Russians (Caucasians) to study the prevalence of single nucleotide polymorphisms of FCN3 rs532781899 and MASP2 rs72550870. The prevalence of the deletion allele of the rs532781899 variant in the FCN3 gene associated with the decreased production of ficolin‐3 was found to be increased in Russians compared to the Nenets aboriginal populations (P = .002). The prevalence of the rs72550870*G allele in the MASP2 gene associated with low serum protease activity was found to be increased in Russians compared with Nenets and Dolgan‐Nganasans (P < .001 and P = .03, respectively). The results of the current study and our previous findings corroborate with a hypothesis that human evolution has been directed toward the accumulation of genotypes associated with low activity of the lectin complement activation pathway.
The plant peptide hormone phytosulfokine promotes somatic embryogenesis by maintaining redox homeostasis in Cunninghamia lanceolata
Authors: Hao Zhaodong , Wu Hua , Zheng Renhua , Li Rui , Zhu Zeli , Chen Ya , Lu Ye , Cheng Tielong , Shi Jisen , Chen Jinhui
Published: December 2022

Somatic embryogenesis (SE) is widely used for studying the mechanisms of embryo development. However, little is known about the underlying mechanisms, especially in woody plants. Previous studies have established an SE system for Chinese fir (Cunninghamia lanceolata), but this system is genotype‐dependent, which limits its application in practice. Here, we found that phytosulfokine (PSK), a plant peptide hormone, can not only increase SE efficiency, but also establish SE in recalcitrant genotypes of C. lanceolata. Proembryogenic mass (PEM) browning and determination of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) content by 2′,7′‐dichlorofluorescein staining indicated that a reactive oxygen species (ROS) burst occurred rapidly after PEMs were transferred to SE induction medium. Transcriptome analysis and quantitative reverse transcriptase‐PCR validation showed that PSK treatment helped to maintain ROS homeostasis by decreasing the activity of peroxidases in early SE induction. This PSK‐regulated redox microenvironment might be helpful to induce expression of SE‐related genes like WOX2 in early SE induction. Further analyses suggested that PSK promotes SE induction in C. lanceolata partially through decreasing H2O2 levels, which is necessary but not sufficient for SE induction in recalcitrant genotypes of C. lanceolata. Furthermore, heterologous overexpression of ClPSK in Arabidopsis led to enhanced SE induction and resistance to H2O2 stress. Taken together, our study reveals a biological function for the plant peptide hormone PSK, extends our knowledge about SE in woody trees, and provides a valuable tool for establishing an efficient and genotype‐independent SE system in C. lanceolata and other coniferous trees.
Direct access to millions of mutations by whole genome sequencing of an oilseed rape mutant population
Authors: Jhingan Srijan , Kumar Avneesh , Harloff Hans‐Joachim , Dreyer Felix , Abbadi Amine , Beckmann Katrin , Obermeier Christian , Jung Christian
Published: December 2022

Induced mutations are an essential source of genetic variation in plant breeding. Ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS) mutagenesis has been frequently applied, and mutants have been detected by phenotypic or genotypic screening of large populations. In the present study, a rapeseed M2 population was derived from M1 parent cultivar ‘Express’ treated with EMS. Whole genomes were sequenced from fourfold (4×) pools of 1988 M2 plants representing 497 M2 families. Detected mutations were not evenly distributed and displayed distinct patterns across the 19 chromosomes with lower mutation rates towards the ends. Mutation frequencies ranged from 32/Mb to 48/Mb. On average, 284 442 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) per M2 DNA pool were found resulting from EMS mutagenesis. 55% of the SNPs were C → T and G → A transitions, characteristic for EMS induced (‘canonical’) mutations, whereas the remaining SNPs were ‘non‐canonical’ transitions (15%) or transversions (30%). Additionally, we detected 88 725 high confidence insertions and deletions per pool. On average, each M2 plant carried 39 120 canonical mutations, corresponding to a frequency of one mutation per 23.6 kb. Approximately 82% of such mutations were located either 5 kb upstream or downstream (56%) of gene coding regions or within intergenic regions (26%). The remaining 18% were located within regions coding for genes. All mutations detected by whole genome sequencing could be verified by comparison with known mutations. Furthermore, all sequences are accessible via the online tool ‘EMSBrassica’ (http://www.emsbrassica.plantbreeding.uni‐kiel.de), which enables direct identification of mutations in any target sequence. The sequence resource described here will further add value for functional gene studies in rapeseed breeding.
Relativistic Velocities That Are Easy to Transform
Authors: Morris Steven L.
Published: December 2022

The relativistic addition of velocities is usually introduced early in the study of Einstein’s special theory of relativity. The equations are simple enough, but randomly chosen velocities lead to unwieldy calculations that can dishearten the student. This paper presents tables of velocity components in two dimensions, composed of five or fewer significant digits.
Measurement of g Using a Steel Ball and a Smartphone Acoustic Stopwatch
Authors: Zhang Jiarui , Zhang Junhui , Chen Qiushi , Deng Xiaorong , Zhuang Wei
Published: December 2022

With the development of digital technology, plentiful sensors are embedded in the smartphone, which makes it a valuable tool for teaching elementary experimental physics. For instance, the magnetic field sensor of the smartphone has been used to measure gravitational acceleration by measuring the magnetic pendulum’s oscillation period. The pressure sensor has helped explore the relationship between atmospheric pressure and altitude. The speed of sound in air can be easily measured using two smartphones with a sound sensor. Recently, Kim et al. put forward a smartphone “multiple tasking” method to analyze free-falling motion and measure the acceleration due to gravity; however, it involved a complex error analysis. To solve the problem, this experiment uses the acoustic stopwatch sensor of the smartphone, which can record the time of free-falling motion accurately.
Customizing Physics Courses for Non-Physics Majors Using Relevant Problems to Motivate Students
Authors: McBride Krista K.
Published: December 2022

It can be difficult to find ways to motivate students while teaching a physics course for non-physics students. Students come to class with many different attitudes and preconceptions, some of which are detrimental to their learning. As physics educators, we strive for student engagement and motivation in course material no matter what type of students we have. One way to pique a student’s curiosity is to contextualize the course and relate it to a student’s career goals or interest. In this article, a physics course is customized by implementing relevant physics problems to motivate students. Students are given an assignment to create an original physics problem that is applicable to their lives, especially with reference to their career path or special interest. These problems are then assessed and implemented throughout the course with the aim of enabling students to see interdisciplinary connections and creating student motivation. In this article, I argue that this method has brought excitement and value to physics in their lives because they can find this personal relevance. The rationale and process of customizing a university Intro to Physics course (a precalculus-based course) is discussed in detail; however, I believe that this customization can easily be incorporated at the high school level.
The Role of Athlete Leadership Quality in the Characteristics of Team Resilience in Elite Soccer Teams: A Cross-Sectional and Longitudinal Mediation of Team Identification
Authors: López-Gajardo Miguel A. , González-Ponce Inmaculada , García-Calvo Tomás , Enrich-Alturo Edgar , Leo Francisco M.
Published: December 2022

We present two studies examining the relationship between athlete leadership quality and team resilience and explored the mediating effect of team identification. In Study 1, 194 soccer players (Mage = 18.50, SD = 4.49) from eight national teams participated. Structural equation modeling showed cross-sectionally that the four types of athlete leadership qualities were positively related to the characteristics of resilience and negatively to vulnerability under pressure. Team identification was shown to be a mediator of these relationships. Study 2, with four different time-points, involved 208 young soccer players (Mage = 16.05, SD = 3.39) from two professional clubs (i.e., La Liga). Cross-lagged panel models revealed that task leadership quality (Times 1–2) was positively related to the characteristics of resilience (Times 3–4) and negatively to vulnerability under pressure (Times 3–4). However, team identification did not mediate these relationships. Therefore, practitioners should consider the perceptions of leader quality to achieve benefits during competition.
Hydraulic Habitat Structure Impacts Risk of Trematode Infection
Authors: Mikheev V. N. , Pasternak A. F. , Taskinen J.
Published: December 2022

Abstract—

Variability in infection rates of trematodesDiplostomum pseudospathaceumin 0+ rainbow troutOncorhynchus mykissunder different hydraulic regimes was studied in the experimental setup with regulated flow rates and environmental heterogeneity. The average infection rate in the conditions of the current was 1.5 times less than that in the stagnant water. An increase of the flow rate from 3.2 to 11.3 cm/s did not result in lower infection rates, while the interindividual variability in the infection rate (coefficient of variation) tended to increase along with changing the still-water conditions (20%) to the high flow rate environments (40%) within the experiment. A decrease in the average infection rate and an increase in the variability within the heterogenous flow of water could indicate the fact that some fish effectively avoid infection. It may be caused by redistribution of cercariae suspended in the water column across microhabitats with different flow rates together with fish behavior which allows them to choose sites with low parasite concentration.
Thermodynamics of asymptotically de Sitter black hole in dRGT massive gravity from Rényi entropy
Authors: Chunaksorn Phuwadon , Hirunsirisawat Ekapong , Nakarachinda Ratchaphat , Tannukij Lunchakorn , Wongjun Pitayuth
Published: December 2022

The thermodynamic properties of the de Rham–Gabadadze–Tolley (dRGT) black hole in the asymptotically de Sitter (dS) spacetime are investigated by using Rényi entropy. It has been found that the black hole with asymptotically dS spacetime described by the standard Gibbs–Boltzmann statistics cannot be thermodynamically stable. Moreover, there generically exist two horizons corresponding to two thermodynamic systems with different temperatures, leading to a nonequilibrium state. Therefore, in order to obtain the stable dRGT black hole, we use the alternative Rényi statistics to analyze the thermodynamic properties in both the separated system approach and the effective system approach. Interestingly, we found that it is possible concurrently obtain positive pressure and volume for the dRGT black hole while it is not for the Schwarzschild-de Sitter (Sch-dS) black hole. Furthermore, the bounds on the nonextensive parameter for which the black hole being thermodynamically stable are determined. In addition, the key differences between the systems described by different approaches, e.g., temperature profiles and types of the Hawking–Page phase transition are pointed out.
Medium viscosity effect on the fluorescent properties of arrays consisting of two BODIPY chromophores axially bound to a Sn(IV)porphyrin via a phenolate bridge
Authors: Mamardashvili G.M. , Kaigorodova E.Yu. , Mamardashvili N.Z. , Koifman O.I.
Published: December 2022

The arrays consisting of two BODIPY chromophores axially bound to a Sn(IV)Porphyrin via a phenolate bridge have been synthesized and characterized. Photophysical properties of obtained systems have been investigated in aqua medium with different viscosity due to the addition of glycerin. The fluorescence quantum yield of the triad upon excitation at different wavelengths, as well as its lifetime and singlet oxygen generation quantum yield in an excited state, has been determined. It has been shown that if in the triad composition the fluorescent properties of the BODIPY fragment are weakened in all studied media, then the fluorescent properties of the porphyrin fragment depend on the properties of the medium. Quenching of the BODIPY fluorescence and the porphyrin fluorescence enhancement in viscous media or increasing of the triad’s ability to generate singlet oxygen in water is the result of photo-induced electron transfer from the phenolate to the porphyrin fragment. The efficiency of electron transfer and, consequently, the efficiency of quenching depend on the conformational mobility of the ligandin the triad, i.e. on the relative position of the phenolic and indacene fragments, which gives the designed triad the properties of a fluorescent molecular rotor. The best efficiency of the triad as a fluorescence molecular rotor has been obtained in the low viscosity range from 1 to 4 cP.
A Comparative Study of Experimental and Theoretical Structural Analysis of Lithium Doped Nickel Oxide Nanoparticles
Authors: Bhankhar Anupama , Saini Monika , Sehrawat Swati , Shukla Rajni
Published: December 2022

Li(x)Ni(1−x)O (x = 0.01, 0.02, and 0.03) samples were synthesized via the sol-gel process. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) confirms the formation of Li(x)Ni(1−x)O (x = 0.01, 0.02, and 0.03) series. Powder X-ray diffraction technique was used for the analysis of crystallite properties. The mean crystallite size using Scherrer’s Method has been found as 21.66 nm, 20.09 nm, and 19.25 nm for Li(x)Ni(1−x)O (x = 0.01, 0.02, and 0.03) respectively, which is a rough estimate. To inspect the impact of strain induced in Li(x)Ni(1−x)O further analysis has been done. Willamson Hall Plot-Uniform Deformation Model (WH-UDM), Size-Strain (SSP), and Halder-Wagner Plot (H–W) Models were applied to determine physical and microstructural parameters i.e. crystallite size and lattice strain of Li(x)Ni(1−x)O (x = 1%, 2%, and 3%) using X-ray powder diffraction analysis. The morphology of Li(x)Ni(1−x)O (x = 1%, 2%, and 3%) has been analyzed by High-Resolution Transmission Electron Microscope (HRTEM). The outcomes of estimated mean crystallite size determined by Scherrer’s Method, WH-UDM Plot, SSP, and W–H models were compared with morphologically investigated crystallite size via TEM analysis.
The effect of visual target presence and age on antisaccade performance
Authors: Edelman Jay A. , Ahles Tim A. , Prashad Neelam , Fernbach Madalyn , Li Yuelin , Melara Robert D. , Root James C.
Published: December 2022

This study uses a visually guided antisaccade (VGA) task to determine whether poor performance in a large middle-aged participant pool on an antisaccade task results from problems with executive control or voluntary saccade generation. Spatial and temporal attributes of saccade performance as a function of task and age are analyzed comprehensively. Correlational analysis is used to determine how VGAs are governed jointly by voluntary and visually guided movement mechanisms.
Identification of Immune-Related Genes and Small-Molecule Drugs in Interstitial Cystitis/Bladder Pain Syndrome Based on the Integrative Machine Learning Algorithms and Molecular Docking
Authors: Jiang Yiheng , Zhu Xinqing , Al-danakh Abdullah Y. , Chen Qiwei , Yang Deyong
Published: December 2022

Background. Interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome (IC/BPS) is a chronic, severely distressing clinical syndrome characterized by bladder pain and pressure perceptions. The origin and pathophysiology of IC/BPS are currently unclear, making it difficult to diagnose and formulate successful treatments. Our study is aimed at investigating the role of immune-related genes in the diagnosis, progression, and therapy of IC/BPS. Method. The gene expression datasets GSE11783, GSE11839, GSE28242, and GSE57560 were retrieved from the GEO database for further analysis. Immune-related IC/BPS differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified by limma. Three distinct machine learning approaches, least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO), support vector machine–recursive feature elimination (SVM-RFE), and random forest (RF), were used to find the immune-related IC characteristic genes. Nomogram and receiving operator curves (ROC) were plotted to measure characteristic effectiveness. Using the CMap database and the molecular docking approach, potential small-molecule medicines were found and verified. Consensus cluster analysis was also performed to separate the IC/BPS samples into immunological subtypes. Results. A total of 24 immune-related IC/BPS-DEGs were identified. When compared to the normal control group, the IC/BPS cohort had significantly more immune cell infiltration. Integrative machine learning methods discovered 5 IC/BPS characteristic genes (RASGRP1, PPBP, RBP4, CR2, and PROS2) that may predict IC/BPS diagnosis and immune cell infiltration. Furthermore, two immunological subgroups with substantial variations in immune cell infiltration across IC/BPS samples were identified, which were named cluster1 and cluster2, with the hallmark genes having greater expression in cluster2. Finally, bumetanide was shown to have the potential to be a medication for the treatment of IC/BPS, and it performed well in terms of its molecular binding with RASGRP1. Conclusion. We found and validated 5 immune-related IC/BPS genes (RASGRP1, PPBP, RBP4, CR2, and PROS2) and 2 IC/BPS immune subtypes. In addition, bumetanide was discovered to be a potential drug for treating IC/BPS, which may provide new insight into the diagnosis and immune therapy of IC/BPS patients.
A Genomic Analysis of Bacillus megaterium HT517 Reveals the Genetic Basis of Its Abilities to Promote Growth and Control Disease in Greenhouse Tomato
Authors: Yang Wei , Zhao Yingnan , Yang Yang , Zhang Minshuo , Mao Xiaoxi , Guo Yanjie , Li Xiangyu , Tao Bu , Qi Yongzhi , Ma Li , Liu Wenju , Li Bowen , Di Hong J.
Published: December 2022

Bacillus megaterium is well known as a plant growth-promoting rhizobacterium, but the relevant molecular mechanisms remain unclear. This study aimed to elucidate the effects of B. megaterium HT517 on the growth and development of and the control of disease in greenhouse tomato and its mechanism of action. A pot experiment was conducted to determine the effect of B. megaterium on tomato growth, and this experiment included the HT517 group (

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 cfu/pot) and the control group (inoculated with the same amount of sterilized suspension). An antagonistic experiment and a plate confrontation experiment were conducted to study the antagonistic effect of B. megaterium and Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. lycopersici. Liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry was used to determine the metabolite composition and metabolic pathway of HT517. PacBio+Illumina HiSeq sequencing was utilized for map sequencing of the samples. An in-depth analysis of the functional genes related to the secretion of these substances by functional bacteria was conducted. HT517 could secrete organic acids that solubilize phosphorus, promote root growth, secrete auxin, which that promotes early flowering and fruiting, and alkaloids, which control disease, and reduce the incidence of crown rot by 51.0%. The complete genome sequence indicated that the strain comprised one circular chromosome with a length of 5,510,339 bp (including four plasmids in the genome), and the GC content accounted for 37.95%. Seven genes (pyk, aceB, pyc, ackA, gltA, buk, and aroK) related to phosphate solubilization, five genes (trpA, trpB, trpS, TDO2, and idi) related to growth promotion, eight genes (hpaB, pheS, pheT, ileS, pepA, iucD, paaG, and kamA) related to disease control, and one gene cluster of synthetic surfactin were identified in this research. The identification of molecular biological mechanisms for extracellular secretion by the HT517 strain clarified that its organic acids solubilized phosphorus, that auxin promoted growth, and that alkaloids controlled tomato diseases.
A Novel Approach on Decision Support System Based on the Aczel-Alsina Aggregation Operators and Their Applications to Supplier Selection Problems
Authors: Wang Yong-Long , Bonyah Ebenezer , Khayyat Mashael , Ahmad Zubair , Shakeel Muhammad , Khan Waris
Published: December 2022

Induced aggregation operators are more suitable for aggregating the individual preference relations into a collective fuzzy preference relation. Therefore, in this paper, we introduce the notion of some new types of induced aggregation operators, based on the Aczel-Alsina operations. We construct some induced interval-valued intuitionistic trapezoidal fuzzy Aczel-Alsina ordered weighted averaging/geometric (I-IVITrFAAOWA/G) operator, induced interval-valued intuitionistic trapezoidal fuzzy Aczel-Alsina hybrid averaging/geometric (I-IVITrFAAHA/G) operator. Moreover, some dominant properties of these developed operators are studied in detail. Based on these proposed approaches, a model is a build up for multicriteria decision making (MCDM), and their stepwise algorithm is being presented. Finally, in utilizing the developed approach, an illustrative example is solved with the help of proposed operators. In the end, we utilize an applicable example for supplier selection to prove the proposed methods and compare the result with existing methods, which shows the superiority, competence, and ability of the developed model.
The Dectin-1 Receptor Signaling Pathway Mediates the Remyelination Effect of Lentinan through Suppression of Neuroinflammation and Conversion of Microglia
Authors: Zhang Dandan , Jia Yue , Sun Xingzong , Li Haoran , Yin Min , Li Hongliang , Dai Lili , Han Li , Wang Lei , Qian Menghan , Du Jing , Zhu Keming , Bao Hongkun
Published: December 2022

Demyelinating diseases such as multiple sclerosis (MS) are chronic inflammatory autoimmune diseases and involve demyelination and axonal degeneration. Microglia rapidly respond to changes in the environment by altering morphotype and function during the progressive disease stage. Although substantial progress has been made in the drug development for MS, treatment of the progressive forms of the disease remains unsatisfactory. There is great interest in identifying novel agents for treating MS. Lentinus edodes is a traditional food, which can improve physiological function. Lentinan (LNT), a type of polysaccharide extracted from mushroom Lentinus edodes, is an anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory agent. Here, we studied the remyelination effects of LNT and its therapeutic target in regulating the functions of neuroinflammation. We found that LNT enhanced remyelination and rescued motor deficiency by regulating dectin-1 receptor to inhibit neuroinflammation and microglial cell transformation. LNT promoted the conversion of microglial cells from the M1 status induced by LPS to the M2 status, enhanced the anti-inflammatory markers IL-10 and BDNF, inhibited inflammatory markers TNF-α and IL-1β, and downregulated the microglia activation and oligodendrocyte and astrocyte proliferation by modulating dectin-1. If we injected the dectin-1-specific inhibitor laminarin (Lam), the remyelination effects induced by LNT were completely abolished. Thus, these results suggest that LNT is a novel and potential therapeutic agent that can rescue MS neuroimmune imbalance and remyelination through a dectin-1 receptor-dependent mechanism.
Intensification in Genetic Information and Acquisition of Resistant Genes in Genome of Acinetobacter baumannii: A Pan‐Genomic Analysis
Authors: Ali Akhtar , Khatoon Ambrina , Mirza Talat , Ahmad Farah
Published: December 2022

Acinetobacter baumannii (A. baumannii) attributes 26% of the mortality rate in hospitalized patients, and the percentage can rise to 46 in patients admitted to ICU as it is a major cause of ventilator‐associated pneumonia. It has been nominated as the critical priority organism by WHO for which new therapeutic drugs are urgently required. To understand the genomic identification of different strains, antimicrobial resistance patterns, and epidemiological typing of organisms, whole‐genome sequencing (WGS) analysis provides insight to explore new epitopes to develop new drugs against the organism. Therefore, the study is aimed at investigating the whole genome sequence of A. baumannii strains to report the new intensifications in its genomic profile. The genome sequences were retrieved from the NCBI database system. Pan‐genome BPGA (Bacterial Pan‐genome Analysis Tool) was used to analyze the core, pan, and species‐specific genome analysis. The pan and core genome curves were extrapolated using the empirical power law equation f(x) = a.xb and the exponential equation f1(x) = c.e (d.x). To identify the resistant genes with resistant mutations against antibiotics, ResFinder and Galaxy Community hub bioinformatics tools were used. According to pan‐genome analysis, there were 2227 core genes present in each species of the A. baumannii genome. Furthermore, the number of accessory genes ranged from 1182 to 1460, and the unique genes in the genome were 931. There were 325 exclusively absent genes in the genome of Acinetobacter baumannii. The pan‐genome analysis showed that there is a 5‐fold increase in the genome of A. baumannii in 5 years, and the genome is still open. There is the addition of multiple unique genes; among them, genes participating in the function of information and processing are increased.
Sacroiliitis: A Review on Anatomy, Diagnosis, and Treatment
Authors: Lee Anderson , Gupta Monik , Boyinepally Kiran , Stokey Phillip J. , Ebraheim Nabil A.
Published: December 2022

Introduction. Sacroiliitis is an inflammation of one or both of the sacroiliac (SI) joints, most often resulting pain in the lower back that can extend down the legs. Pain arising from the SI joint can be difficult to diagnose and treat due to the intricate surrounding ligamentous structure, nerve innervation, and its role in transferring weight from the upper body to the lower limbs. SI joint dysfunction accounts for up to 25% of cases of lower back pain and has a debilitating effect on patient functionality. This review aims to provide comprehensive coverage of all aspects of SI joint pain, with a specific focus on differential diagnosis and treatment. Methods. Current literature on SI joint pain and inflammation, other etiologies of lower back pain, and new treatment options were compiled using the databases PubMed and Cochrane and used to write this comprehensive review. There were no restrictions when conducting the literature search with regard to publication date, study language, or study type. Results. The diagnosis protocol of SI joint pain arising from sacroiliitis usually begins with the presentation of lower back pain and confirmatory diagnostic testing through fluoroscopy joint block. Reduction in pain following the anesthetic is considered the golden standard for diagnosis. The treatment begins with the conservative approach of physical therapy and analgesics for symptom relief. However, refractory cases often require interventional methods such as corticosteroid injections, prolotherapy, radiofrequency ablation, and even SI joint fusion surgery. Conclusion. SI joint pain is a complex problem that can present with varying patterns of pain due to uncertainty regarding its innervation and its prominent surrounding structure. It is therefore especially important to obtain a thorough history and physical on top of diagnostic tests such as a diagnostic block to properly identify the source of pain. Conservative treatment options with physical therapy and analgesics should be attempted first before interventional strategies such as ablation, injections, and prolotherapy can be considered. SI joint fusion surgery is a solution to cases in which previous methods do not provide significant relief.
Pluriharmonic Mappings with the Convex Holomorphic Part
Authors: Lihua Ma , Lee See Keong
Published: December 2022

In 2018, Partyka et al. established several equivalent conditions for a sense‐preserving locally injective harmonic mapping in the unit disk with convex holomorphic part h to be quasiconformal in terms of the relationships of two‐point distortion of h, g, and f. In this study, we first generalize the above result to the case of pluriharmonic mappings , where h is a convex mapping in the unit ball and A ∈ L(ℂn, ℂn) with ‖A‖ = 1. Then, we establish a relationship of two‐point distortion property between f and fA.