bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Águas Residuárias: uma Alternativa Racional de Reúso
Authors: Filho Delio Guerra
Published: April 2021

Este artigo faz uma abordagem do conceito de reúso de efluentes, das tecnologias disponíveispara a melhor aplicação na obtenção de águas em condições de reutilização. Sãoapresentadas algumas tecnologias aplicadas em vários segmentos industriais e finalmente,são mostradas as diversas combinações dos processos físico-químicos, com destaque osprocessos oxidativos avançados. Finalmente são mostradas essas tecnologias com ênfase noreúso dos efluentes em indústrias de tingimento têxtil.
Incidência de Escabiose entre Índios da Etnia Terena
Authors: Norberg Antonio Neres , Maure Edwin Alberto Pile , Queiroz Margareth Maria De Carvalho , De Santa Helena Aluízio Antonio , Norberg Paulo Roberto Blanco Moreira , Sanches Fabiano Guerra , Torres Ana Carolina
Published: April 2021

Os autores apresentam os resultados preliminares da incidência de escabiose entre índios da etnia Terena, pertencentes à aldeia Moreira, município de Miranda, Mato Grosso do Sul. A pesquisa foi realizada no mês de janeiro de 2005 entre 259 índios que compareceram ao posto de saúde da aldeia para atendimento médico e paramédico, realizado pela equipe de saúde da Universidade Iguaçu. O diagnóstico foi realizado pelas características clínicas da doença e em alguns casos pela confirmação laboratorial pelo encontro do Sarcoptes scabiei através do processo da fita gomada. Os resultados demonstraram 23 casos positivos, o que corresponde a 8,8% do total examinado.
Study of fungical conjunctival microbiota of students from the Health Sciences area of the Centro Universitário de Volta Redonda - UniFOA.
Authors: Garcia Aurilio , Bortot Jobson , Ferraz Marco Antônio , Mota Lívia , Borsatto Tassius , Norberg Antonio Neres
Published: April 2021

Os autores avaliaram o perfil da microbiota conjuntival fúngica de estudantes da área das Ciências da Saúde do Centro Universitário de Volta Redonda – UniFOA. Foram estudados 200 acadêmicos, sendo 100 pertencentes ao ciclo básico, com restrição ao ambiente hospitalar, e 100 do ciclo clínico, com efetivo contato. O material foi coletado do saco conjuntival e semeado em meio de cultura Sabouraud-dextrose-agar, e mantido em temperatura ambiente.As culturas foram positivas em 26 alunos, correspondendo a 13% do total examinado. Foram isolados os seguintes fungos: 7 (26,92%) Candida albicans, 5 (19,23%) Rhodotorula spp., 6 (23,07%) Penicillium spp., 3 (11,53%) Aspergillus niger, 3 (11,53%) Fusarium spp., e 2 (7,69%) Aspergillus fumigatus. Este resultado é compatível com a maioria dos estudos anteriores realizados por outros autores.
Influência do Exercício Leve na Pressão Arterial de Idosos em Uso de Anti-Inflamatórios não Hormonais
Authors: Fonseca Walter Luiz M. S. da , Fonseca Marcilene M. A , Oliveira Ivanete R. S. de , Miranda Denise B Prado Junior
Published: April 2021

Os autores apresentam uma análise da variação da pressão arterial em indivíduos idosos hipertensos, submetidos a exercícios leves, praticados sob orientação de professores de educação física. Confirmou-se o registrado na literatura médica que a prática dos exercícios, à médio prazo auxilia na redução da pressão, entretanto, um grupo de pacientes em uso de anti-inflamatórios não hormonais não apresentou os benefícios desejados, ou, talvez até tenha o seu quadro hipertensivo agravado.
A Homeopatia Aplicada a Desordem Temporomandibular e Dor Orofacial
Authors: Nardy Rosy De Oliveira
Published: April 2021

Este estudo trata de uma revisão de literatura sobre os fundamentos da Homeopatia como possibilidade terapêutica baseada na valorização do indivíduo como um ser único, individualiazado, de características físicas, emocionais e espirituais peculiares. As possibilidades farmacológicas oferecidas pela Homeopatia abrangem as cacartcterísticas multidisciplinares necessárias para o tratamento do paciente portador de Desordem Temporomandibular e Dor Orofacial no Programa de Extensão e Pesquisa Núcleo da Dor – PROEXT / UniFOA.
Evidence-based practices of effective fire safety education programming for children
Authors: Pooley Kamarah , Nunez Sonia , Whybro Mark
Published: April 2021

School-based fire safety education programs are implemented by fire services organisations around the world to improve children’s fire safety knowledge and skills. Such education is considered the single most modifiable strategy that fire services organisations can implement to reduce the risk that children will misuse fire or be harmed by fire. Despite this, there are no overarching and evidence-based guidelines for the development of new programs or the evaluation and modification of existing ones. To fill this void, a rapid evidence assessment of existing literature was conducted. Results revealed 25 evidence-based practices that held true in a variety of contexts and methodologically diverse studies. These practices inform an empirical framework that can be used to guide fire safety education programs for children.
História Agrária no Brasil: conflitos, lutas, resistências e memórias
Authors: Pedro Nunes Bento da Silva Avelino
Published: April 2021

Obra organizada por Dayane Nascimento Sobreira, Júlio Ernesto Souza Oliveira e Rafael Sancho Carvalho Silva, o livro História Agrária: conflitos e resistências (do Império à Nova República) apresenta recentes discussões realizadas na I Jornada de História Agrária: Conflitos e Resistências na Construção da Nação, evento que ocorreu na Universidade Federal da Bahia (UFBA) entre os dias 10 e 11 de 2019. O evento foi organizado pela equipe do GT História Agrária da Bahia (HISTAGRO).
LOS DERECHOS FUNDAMENTALES EN ESTADO DE ALARMA: UNA SUSPENSIÓN INCONSTITUCIONAL
Authors: FERNÁNDEZ DE CASADEVANTE MAYORDOMO PABLO
Published: April 2021

Sábado, 14 de marzo de 2020. El Gobierno de España decide recurrir
al estado de alarma para hacer frente a la pandemia provocada por el
COVID-
19, en lo que supone la generalización de una serie de medidas restrictivas
que pondrán a prueba la fortaleza del orden constitucional establecido. Siendo
el estricto confinamiento domiciliario la más importante de todas ellas, este artículo
pone de manifiesto los vicios de inconstitucionalidad en que ha incurrido
un estado de alarma claramente extralimitado, ello desde el momento en que impone
la suspensión general de derechos fundamentales sin las correspondientes
garantías constitucionales exigidas para ello.

2020ko martxoaren 14a, larunbata. COVID-19aren pandemiari
aurre egiteko, Espainiako Gobernuak alarma-egoera erabiltzea erabaki du.
Neurri murriztaile batzuk orokortzea dakar, denetan garrantzitsuena, etxeko konfinamendu
zorrotza. Ikusi egin beharko da ea konstituzio-ordenak nola eusten
dion. Alarma-egoerak muga guztiak gainditu eta apurtu izanik, konstituzioaren
kontra gertatu diren okerkeriak erakusten ditu artikulu honek, horixe jazo baita,
oinarrizko eskubideak orokorrean etenda utzi zirenetik Konstituzioak horretarako
eskatzen duen bermerik gabe.

Saturday, March 14, 2020. The Spanish government has decided to
use the state of alert to tackle the pandemic caused by COVID-19, which involves
the generalisation of a series of restrictive measures that will test out the strength
of the established constitutional order. With strict home confinement as the most
important of these actions, this article shows the unconstitutionality of a state
of alarm that has gone completely beyond its limits, since it imposes a general
suspension of fundamental rights without the corresponding constitutional
guarantees required for this purpose.
ESTEREOTIPOS DE GÉNERO E INTERSECCIONALIDAD: UNA REFERENCIA A LA NORMATIVA Y JURISPRUDENCIA DE LA COMUNIDAD AUTÓNOMA DEL PAÍS VASCO
Authors: IRIGOIEN DOMÍNGUEZ ALAZNE
Published: April 2021

El efecto negativo de los estereotipos de género para la igualdad
de mujeres y hombres ha sido reconocido desde hace décadas en el Derecho. El deber jurídico de eliminar estereotipos de género deriva de la Convención para la
Eliminación de todas las formas de Discriminación contra la Mujer (CEDAW) y de
ese deber se ha hecho eco la legislación y la jurisprudencia relativa a la igualdad
de mujeres y hombres a nivel europeo, estatal y autonómico. Este artículo explora
la formulación y alcance del tratamiento legislativo y jurisprudencial de los estereotipos
de género desde un enfoque interseccional, prestando una atención especial
a la realidad jurídica de la Comunidad Autónoma del País Vasco (CAPV).

Badira hamarkada batzuk Zuzenbidean ere aitorturik dagoela
genero-estereotipoak kaltegarriak direla gizon-emakumeen berdintasunerako.
Genero-estereotipoak ezabatzeko betebehar juridikoa Emakumearen aurkako
bereizkeria mota guztiak ezabatzeko Konbentziotik dator (CEDAW), eta gizon-emakumeen
berdintasunari buruzko legeriak eta jurisprudentziak betebehar hori
berera ekarrita dauka Europan, Estatuan eta autonomia-erkidegoan. Artikulu
honek genero-estereotipoen lege- eta jurisprudentzia-tratamenduaren formulazioa
eta irismena aztertzen ditu, ikuspegi intersekzionaletik, arreta berezia eskainiz
Euskal Autonomia Erkidegoko (EAE) errealitate juridikoari.

The negative effects of gender stereotypes on gender equality
have been acknowledged in Law for decades. The legal obligation to eliminate
gender stereotypes derives from the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms
of Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW), and it has been echoed in the
legislation and case law regarding equality between women and men at the
European, Spanish state and regional/autonomic level. This article explores the
formulation and scope of the legislative and jurisprudential treatment of gender
stereotypes from an intersectional perspective, focusing on the legal reality of the
Basque Country.
LA NORMATIVA SOBRE EL EUSKERA PUBLICADA EN 2020
Authors: COBREROS MENDAZONA EDORTA
Published: April 2021

En esta crónica anual se recogen las principales novedades jurisprudenciales
y normativas con relevancia en el status del euskera.

Urteko kronika honetan euskararen estatusean garrantzia duten
jurisprudentzia¿ eta araudi-berritasun nagusiak jasotzen dira.

In this annual chronicle, the main jurisprudential and regulatory
developments with relevance in the status of Basque language are included.
A PROPÓSITO DEL ESTADO DE ALARMA DECRETADO EN ESPAÑA POR CAUSA DEL COVID-19: EL OLVIDO DEL PRINCIPIO DE PROPORCIONALIDAD
Authors: ÁLVAREZ BUJÁN MARÍA VICTORIA
Published: April 2021

En el presente trabajo efectuaremos un análisis de la regulación del estado de alarma (requisitos y procedimiento para su adopción), poniéndolo en relación con las exigencias que dimanan del principio de proporcionalidad, integrado por los subprincipios de necesidad, idoneidad y proporcionalidad en sentido estricto y, ello, con la concreta pretensión de colegir si la declaración en España, en 2020, de los Estados de alarma con motivo del Coronavirus, así como las medidas adoptadas con la propia declaración y ulterior transcurso del mismo pueden plantear problemas de licitud y generar, por extensión, problemas, en especial desde el punto de vista de la responsabilidad del Gobierno en un futuro próximo.

Lan honetan, alarma-egoeraren erregulazioa aztertuko dugu (egoera horri bide emateko baldintzak eta prozedura), eta proportzionaltasunprintzipiotik datozen eskakizunekin erkatuko dugu (printzipio hori, zentzu hertsian, premia-, egokitasun- eta proportzionaltasun-azpiprintzipioek osatzen dute). Azken batean, gure asmo zehatza hauxe da: jakitea ea Coronavirusa dela-eta 2020an Espainian deklaratu zen alarma-egoerak berak eta deklarazio horrekin batera eta alarma-egoerak aurrera egin ahala hartu diren neurriek zilegitasun-arazorik eragin dezaketen eta, bide batez, etorkizun hurbilean bestelako arazorik ekar dezaketen batez ere gobernuaren erantzukizunari dagokionez.

The main objective of this study is to analyze the regulation of the State of Alarm (requirements and procedure for its adoption), by relating it to the demands arising from the principle of proportionality, made up of the sub-principles of necessity, suitability and proportionality in the strict sense and, this, for the purpose of determining whether the declaration in Spain, in 2020, of the State of alarm on the occasion of the Coronavirus, as well as the measures adopted with the declaration itself and its subsequent course, may pose doubts of legality and generate, by extension, problems, especially from the point of view of the responsibility of the Government in the near future.
SOCIEDAD PÚBLICA LOCAL: EL GOBIERNO CORPORATIVO COMO INSTRUMENTO PARA LA RECUPERACIÓN DE UNA REPUTACIÓN CUESTIONADA
Authors: SERRANO ROMERA ALEJANDRO
Published: April 2021

Con este artículo pretendemos trasladar a la comunidad académica
algunas de las posibilidades e inconvenientes que la aplicación del conocido como gobierno corporativo de las sociedades, corriente genuina del Derecho privado,
puede ofrecer en el campo del Derecho público, especialmente en su consideración
a la sociedad pública local, constituyendo de este modo un instrumento
eficaz para reparar la dañada imagen ofrecida durante los últimos años y justificar
con renovada legitimidad la necesidad de su propia existencia. La observación, el
análisis normativo y jurisprudencial, así como el contexto socioeconómico donde
desarrollan su actividad este tipo de sociedades resultarán fundamentales para
obtener propuestas útiles de cara a su posible implementación.

Artikulu honen bidez, sozietateen gobernu korporatiboa delakoa
aplikatzeak ¿zuzenbide pribatuaren korrontea da berez¿ zuzenbide publikoaren
esparruan ekar ditzakeen aukera eta eragozpenetako batzuk helarazi nahi dizkiogu
komunitate akademikoari, batez ere tokiko sozietate publikoari dagokionez. Tresna
eraginkorra izango da irudia txukuntzeko ¿azken urteotan kaltetuxea geratu baitzaio¿
eta alferrik ez dagoela justifikatzeko zilegitasun berriz. Funtsezkoa da behaketa,
arauen eta jurisprudentziaren azterketa, bai eta jarduera zer testuinguru
sozioekonomikotan garatzen duten ikustea, ea horrela proposamen baliagarriak
lortzen ditugun horrelako sozietateak inplementatzeko.

With this article we intend to convey to the academic community
some of the possibilities and disadvantages that the application of the so-called
corporate governance of companies, a genuine current of private law, offers in
the field of public law, especially in its consideration of the local public society,
thus as constituting an effective instrument to repair the damaged image offered
during the last years and to justify with renewed legitimacy the need for its own
existence. Observation, regulatory and jurisprudential analysis, as well as the
socio-economic context in which this type of society operates, will be fundamental
in order to obtain useful proposals for their possible implementation.
Excess Weight Among Preschool Children in a Lower-Middle-Income Country: Predictors and Perspectives of Prevention
Authors: Ben Fredj Sihem , Ghammam Rim , Zammit Nawel , Ben Ammar Samah , Ammar Asma , Hasni Yosra , Chelly Souhir , Maatoug Jihen , Ghanne Hassen
Published: April 2021

Objective: We aimed to assess the weight status and to determine predicted factors of excess weight among Tunisian preschool children. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study among preschoolers attending kindergarten during 2016-2017 school-years in Sousse, Tunisia. The children’s parents completed the self-administered questionnaire. Anthropometric measures (Weight and height) were taken for the children. Weight status considered body mass index (BMI) and excess weight was defined by the International Obesity Task Force (IOTF) standards. Odds ratios for excess weight were calculated using binary logistic regression analyses. Results: A total of 364 preschoolers were included with a mean age 4.49±0.9 years. The ratio boys/girls was 1.05. The prevalence of excess weight was 31.3%; CI95%:[26.7%-36.5%]). Female gender (AOR=1.74; CI95%:[1.07-2.83]), working mother (AOR=1.75;CI95%:[1.04-2.92]), sedentary behavior (AOR=1.87;CI95%:[1.01-3.51]), eating sweets (AOR=1.95;CI95%:[1.19-3.19]), eating while watching television (AOR=2.53;CI95%:[1.23-5.18]) were positively associated with greater risk of excess weight while sleep duration<10h (AOR=0.41;CI95%:[0.24-0.71]) and less educated mother (AOR=0.35;CI95%:[0.12-0.96]) were negatively associated with excess weight. Conclusion: Our results show that the prevalence of overweight and obesity among preschoolers was alarming. Prevention of obesity should start early in life through a multisectoral approach.
CHANGES IN NEIGHBOURHOODS NEAR URBAN TRANSFORMATION AREAS: IZMIR (TURKEY) EXAMPLE
Authors: ATAY KAYA İlgi
Published: April 2021

The location of a neighbourhood near an urban transformation zone causes physical and social changes in its housing-built environment. To date, many urban and social researchers have examined changes in neighbourhoods before and after urban transformation. How﻿ever, few have studied the effects of transformation on nearby neighbourhoods. The purpose of this study is to examine changes in this kind of effect in Yalı Quarter (İzmir, Turkey). The methodology includes participant observation for 7 years, temporal photograph comparison, and interviews with residents. The findings on physical and morphological changes in the built environment show the changes from one or two-storey houses to 5-7-storey apartments, new streets, public spaces, facilities, and new modes of transportation. The findings on the perspectives and daily lives of neighbourhood residents include both the difficulties of sustaining some habits (e.g., washing carpets and feeding animals become more difficult in balconies of apartments than terraced roofs and house gardens) and relationships with neighbours and the advantages of “new life” (e.g., physical durability of the new buildings and improved heating systems). The decision-makers are recommended to consider the people living in the transforming and nearby neighbourhoods, their daily life practices, and social processes while making changes in the physical environment and to prefer gradual changes rather than the transformation of the whole neighbourhood at once.
First degree burns after 1-year of post total knee replacement: Case report
Authors: Saadat Waqar , Munshi Sandeep
Published: April 2021

Introduction: There are reported thermal injuries after prolonged use of laptops in the literature. Now for the first time, we report on a case, in which thermal injuries secondary to laptop over the scar of total knee arthroplasty. We report a case of a 69-year-old lady with a background history of left total knee replacement, who sustained a first degree thermal burn over the scar and lateral aspect of the thigh of the replaced knee after prolonged use of her laptop. To date this is the only case where a laptop burn happened to a patient after having total knee replacement. Conclusion: This case report highlights the management of such cases and can be used to educate other arthroplasty surgeons how to emphasise to patients about this possible risk associated with prolonged use of laptops in their consultation and consent.

Keywords: First degree burns, laptop, total knee replacement.
Brain Tumor Detection and Classification Using Image Processing Techniques
Authors: Ganesh P. Sankar , Kumar T. Selva , Kumar Mukesh , Kumar Mr. S. Rajesh
Published: April 2021

At present, processing of medical images is a developing and important field. It includes many different types of imaging methods. Some of them are Computed Tomography scans (CT scans), X-rays and Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) etc. These technologies allow us to detect even the smallest defects in the human body. Abnormal growth of tissues in the brain which affect proper brain functions is considered as a brain tumor. The main goal of medical image processing is to identify accurate and meaningful information using images with the minimum error possible. MRI is mainly used to get images of the human body and cancerous tissues because of its high resolution and better quality images compared with other imaging technologies. Brain tumor identifications through MRI images is a difficult task because of the complexity of the brain. MRI images can be processed and the brain tumor can be segmented. These tumors can be segmented using various image segmentation techniques. The process of identifying brain tumors through MRI images can be categorized into four different sections; pre-processing, image segmentation, feature extraction and image classification.
Underwater Data Centers - Future of Computing, Scope, Scalability, Benefits and Environmental Impacts
Authors: Prajapati Sooraj Shravan , Kamble Sameer B.
Published: April 2021

When your digital gazettes get hot from using it for quite a while, you understand it's using a massive load of data. Imagine then how much warmth is made from worker ranches used by any similarity to Facebook or Google! By and large, these centres are moved to colder countries to decrease down energy costs. Putting server farms submerged licenses them to work with more conspicuous power profitability, especially in regions where the grid aground isn't seen as strong enough to work them financially, for the most part in view of the reduced prerequisite for fake cooling for the specialists because of the conditions on the sea base. Natick, an undertaking which Microsoft planned to show that more modest information can be coordinated near clients as opposed to steering. On Land, worker ranches are reliant upon utilization from oxygen and tenacity and controlling developments in temperature. Regardless, in a water-tight environment, fewer issues arise. Despite keeping the substance cool, lowered worker cultivates furthermore have determined inclinations.
Speech Emotion Recognition System
Authors: Suke Sourabh , Regulwar Ganesh , Aote Nikesh , Chaudhari Pratik , Ghatode Rajat , Pimple Mahima , Bijekar Vishakha
Published: April 2021

This project describes "VoiEmo- A Speech Emotion Recognizer", a system for recognizing the emotional state of an individual from his/her speech. For example, one's speech becomes loud and fast, with a higher and wider range in pitch, when in a state of fear, anger, or joy whereas human voice is generally slow and low pitched in sadness and tiredness. We have particularly developed a classification model speech emotion detection based on Convolutional neural networks (CNNs), Support Vector Machine (SVM), Multilayer Perceptron (MLP) Classification which make predictions considering the acoustic features of speech signal such as Mel Frequency Cepstral Coefficient (MFCC). Our models have been trained to recognize seven common emotions (neutral, calm, happy, sad, angry, fearful, disgust, surprise). For training and testing the model, we have used relevant data from the Ryerson Audio-Visual Database of Emotional Speech and Song (RAVDESS) dataset and the Toronto Emotional Speech Set (TESS) Dataset. The system is advantageous as it can provide a general idea about the emotional state of the individual based on the acoustic features of the speech irrespective of the language the speaker speaks in, moreover, it also saves time and effort. Speech emotion recognition systems have their applications in various fields like in call centers and BPOs, criminal investigation, psychiatric therapy, the automobile industry, etc.
DIFICULDADES E DESAFIOS ENCONTRADOS POR ACADÊMICOS DO CURSO DE LICENCIATURA EM BIOLOGIA DA EAD DA UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DO TOCANTINS NOS ESTÁGIOS SUPERVISIONADOS
Authors: Ferreira Marléia Noleto , Souza Valéria Silva , Santos Vagner Alves dos , Cruz Janaina Cardoso dos Santos , Brasil André de Oliveira Moura
Published: April 2021

Introdução: a presente pesquisa trata dos principais desafios encontrados por estudantes de licenciatura ao realizarem as etapas mais importantes em um Curso de Licenciatura que são os Estágios Supervisionados. Este estudo foi realizado com Acadêmicos do curso de Licenciatura em Biologia dos quatro Polos da Educação à Distância (EaD) da Universidade Federal do Tocantins (UFT), no qual o Curso é ofertado, sendo estes localizados nos seguintes Polos: Araguaína, Arraias, Gurupi e Porto Nacional. Objetivo: evidenciar as principais dificuldades que os estagiários do Curso de Licenciatura em Biologia da Universidade Federal do Tocantins da Educação à Distância enfrentaram durante a realização dos Estágios Supervisionados. Material e métodos: foi aplicado um questionário por meio da ferramenta tecnológica Google Forms e contou com um total de 31 participantes de todos os Polos. Os dados foram analisados por meio da metodologia qualitativa descritiva. Resultados: foram relatados muita burocracia para conseguirem as assinaturas nos formulários de documentação de Estágios, burocracia desnecessária no acesso aos documentos das escolas campo de Estágios que são necessários para a produção dos Relatórios finais, indisciplina de alunos no Ensino Fundamental e Médio, falta de recursos didático-pedagógicos e dificuldade de acompanhamento pelo Supervisor de Estágio que tinha que atender Acadêmicos em várias cidades. Conclusão: a universidade e as escolas devem buscar meios de informatizar os formulários e documentos necessários para o bom andamento dos Estágios, na formação inicial para os licenciandos deve haver abordagens que contemplem orientações de como os acadêmicos devem agir para terem domínio de turma, há a necessidade de ter disciplina, oficinas, ou outros meios que capacitem os docentes em formação inicial a produzirem recursos didáticos e há também a necessidade de auxílio financeiro para o deslocamento do professor de Estágio Supervisionado para que ele possa fazer visita in loco nos Estágios em todas as cidades.
Taxation and Left-Wing Redistribution: The Politics of Consumption Tax in Britain and Sweden
Authors: Andersson Per F.
Published: April 2021

Recent research claims that the link between partisanship and policy is weak and that left-wing governments tax the poor surprisingly heavily. In this article, I argue that leftwing taxation depends on the institutional context, not constraints from unions or overall spending. Using
novel data, I demonstrate that the left tax more regressively in countries using proportional electoral systems, and more progressively in majoritarian countries. The political mechanism is evaluated in a comparison of Swedish and British tax policy after WWII. Uncertainty over future influence
made the left in Britain wary of consumption tax, while the left in Sweden combined consumption tax with expanded social programs. Political risk shaped the strategies of key actors and helps explain the divergence in tax policy during this period.
Sifat Fisikokimia Minyak Buah Merah (Pandanus conoideus Lamk.) Degumming dan Karakteristik Mikroenkapsulat Minyak Buah Merah yang Dihasilkan
Authors: Pratiwi Indah , Sarungallo Zita Letviany , Santoso Budi
Published: April 2021

Minyak buah merah (Pandanus conoideus Lamk.) mengandung asam lemak tidak jenuh yang cukup tinggi sehingga sangat mudah teroksidasi. Peningkatan stabilitas karotenoid dalam minyak buah merah dapat dilakukan melalui teknologi mikroenkapsulasi. Penelitian bertujuan untuk menentukan sifat fisikokimia minyak buah merah dan mikroenkapsulat minyak buah merah. Penelitian terdiri dari dua tahap, yaitu proses degumming minyak buah merah kasar dan pembuatan mikroenkapsulat minyak buah merah. Sifat fisikokimia minyak buah merah yang diamati adalah viskositas, titik cair, kadar air, asam lemak bebas, bilangan peroksida, total karotenoid, tokoferol, bilangan iod. Pengamatan karakteristik mikroenkapsulat minyak buah merah meliputi kadar air, bilangan peroksida, asam lemak bebas, kadar lemak, total karotenoid, retensi karotenoid, dan kelarutan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan karakteristik minyak buah merah degumming (MBMD) yaitu memiliki nilai kadar air 0,78%, ALB 0,55%, bilangan peroksida 0,56 mg O2/gr bahan, total karotenoid 5941 ppm, tokoferol 1586 ppm, bilangan iod 66,53, titik cair 21,5ºC dan viskositas 167 dPa.s. Karakteristik mikroenkapsulat MBMD yaitu memiliki kadar air 0,55%, bilangan peroksida 0,49 mg O2/gr bahan, kadar lemak 38,31%, karotenoid 635 ppm, retensi karotenoid 97,17% dan kelarutan 93,45%. Mikroenkapsulat MBMD memenuhi standar mutu  produk kering menurut Standar Nasional Indonesia untuk kadar air dan bilangan peroksida.
Karakteristik Fisikokimia dan Sensori Vla Instan Tepung Labu Parang (Cucurbita moschata D.) dengan Penambahan Maizena Sebagai Pengental
Authors: Mardiah Mardiah , Nur’utami Dwi Aryanti , Novianti Irma
Published: April 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh perbandingan tepung labu parang dan  maizena terhadap sifat fisik dan kimia vla instan yang dihasilkan. Penelitian ini menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) satu faktor dengan lima taraf yaitu perbandingan tepung labu parang dan maizena (20,1:1; 19,6:1,5; 19,1:2; 18,6:2,5; 18,1:3) dengan dua kali ulangan. Analisis produk meliputi uji fisik (viskositas), uji kimia (kadar air, kadar abu, kadar lemak, kadar protein, kadar karbohidrat, kadar β-Karoten, antioksidan), dan  uji organoleptik (uji mutu sensori dan uji hedonik). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan kandungan kimia pada vla instan tepung labu parang terpilih untuk kadar air 4,48%, abu 5,84%, lemak 5,85%, protein 14,66%, karbohidrat 69,17%, aktivitas antioksidan 1190,44 ppm, dan β-Karoten sebesar 1525,03 μg/g. Vla instan tepung labu parang yang disukai oleh panelis yaitu dengan perbandingan tepung labu parang dan maizena sebesar (18,1:3).
Doğum Travmasının Anne ve Bebek Bağlanması Üzerine Etkisi
Authors: ALTUN Esra , KAPLAN Sena
Published: April 2021

İnsan hayatında değişime neden olan en anlamlı olaylardan biri gebelik ve doğumdur. Bu değişim kadının ve erkeğin ebeveyne dönüşüm sürecidir. Doğum, kadının hayatını fiziksel, psikolojik ve sosyal yönden etkileyen çok yönlü ve önemli yaşam deneyimidir. Anne ve bebek bağlanması, gebelik döneminde gelişmeye başlayan ve sonrasında bireylerin hayatları boyunca etkisi altında kalacağı, sosyal hayattaki kişiler arası ilişkilerini etkileyen soyut bir kavramdır. Anne, baba ve bebek arasında geliştirilen olumlu bağlanmanın devamlılığı sosyal hayatın sağlıklı gelişimi için oldukça önemlidir. Bu bağlanmanın gelişmesini etkileyen birçok etken bulunmaktadır. Doğum deneyimi de insan yaşamında önemli etkilere neden olan bağlanma kavramının şekillenmesine öncülük etmektedir. Doğum deneyiminin insan üzerindeki kalıcı ve güçlü etkisi, olumlu ve olumsuz sonuçlara neden olabilmekte, özellikle travmatik doğum algısı gelişen kadınlarda anne ve bebek bağlanması olumsuz etkilenebilmektedir. Doğumun anne açısından travmatik duruma dönmesini engellemek için hemşirenin riskli grubu tanımlaması, değerlendirmesi, kadın ve ailesine destek olması oldukça önemlidir. Bu çalışmada; anne bebek bağlanması kavramına ve anne bebek bağlanmasının travmatik doğum algısı ile ilişkisini literatür bağlanımında incelemek, kadın doğum hemşiresinin sorumluluklarına dikkat çekmek hedeflenmiştir.
El futuro es sin género. Historias trans de Colombia, Chile y Argentina
Authors:   Facultad de Artes y Humanidades, Universidad de los Andes, Sánchez López Sandra
Published: April 2021

El futuro es sin género cuenta historias de personas trans de tres lugares de América Latina: Colombia, Argentina y Chile. Además de reportajes, entrevistas y crónicas, este título presenta reflexiones sobre un oficio periodístico incluyente, en el que hagamos más transparente el compromiso político de la comunicación y dejemos atrás los temores y los prejuicios frente a los encuentros entre periodismo y activismo. Centrado en las vidas y voces trans, este conjunto de aportes plantea que la conversación pública se enriquece cuando dejamos de esquivar los dilemas que tenemos aún por resolver como sociedad, mientras ciudadanes fuertes, con empeño, llevan adelante sus luchas.
New investigations on homogeneous ice nucleation: the effects of water activity and water saturation formulations
Authors: Baumgartner Manuel , Rolf Christian , Grooß Jens-Uwe , Schneider Julia , Schorr Tobias , Möhler Ottmar , Spichtinger Peter , Krämer Martina
Published: April 2021

Abstract. Laboratory measurements at the AIDA cloud chamber and airborne in-situ observations suggest that the homogeneous freezing thresholds at low temperatures are possibly higher than expected from the so-called “Koop-line”. This finding is of importance, because the ice onset relative humidity affects the cirrus cloud coverage and, at the very low temperatures of the tropical tropopause layer, together with the number of ice crystals also the transport of water vapor into the stratosphere. Both, the appearance of cirrus clouds and the amount of stratospheric water feed back to the radiative budget of the atmosphere. In order to explore the enhanced ice onset humidities, we re-examine the entire homogeneous ice nucleation process, ice onset and nucleated crystal numbers, by means of a two-moment microphysics scheme embedded in the trajectory based model (CLaMS-Ice) as follows: the well-understood and described theoretical framework of homogeneous ice nucleation yet includes certain formulations of the water activity of the freezing aerosol particles and the saturation vapor pressure of water with respect to liquid water. However, different formulations are available for both parameters. Here, we present extensive sensitivity simulations testing the influence of three different formulations for the water activity and four for the water saturation on homogeneous ice nucleation. We found that the number of nucleated ice crystals is almost independent of these formulations but is instead sensitive to the size distribution of the freezing aerosol particles. The ice onset humidities, also depending on the particle size, are however significantly affected by the choices of the water activity and water saturation, in particular at cold temperatures  205 K. From the CLaMS-Ice sensitivity simulations, we here provide combinations of water saturation and water activity formulations suitable to reproduce the new, enhanced freezing line.
Aerosol radiative forcings induced by substantial changes in anthropogenic emissions in China from 2008 to 2016
Authors: Liu Mingxu , Matsui Hitoshi
Published: April 2021

Abstract. Anthropogenic emissions in China play an important role in
altering the global radiation budget. Over the past decade, the strong
clean-air policies in China have resulted in substantial reductions of
anthropogenic emissions of sulfur dioxide (SO2) and primary particulate
matter, and air quality in China has consequently improved. However, the
resultant aerosol radiative forcings have been poorly understood. In this
study, we used an advanced global climate model integrated with the latest
localized emission inventory to quantify the aerosol radiative forcings by
the changes of anthropogenic emissions in China between 2008 and 2016. By
comparing with multiple observation datasets, our simulations reproduced the
considerable reductions of sulfate and black carbon (BC) mass loadings
reasonably well over eastern China (the key region subject to stringent
emission controls) during the period and accordingly showed a clear decline
in both aerosol optical depth and absorption aerosol optical depth. The
results revealed a regional annual mean positive direct radiative forcing
(DRF) of +0.29 W m−2 at the top of the atmosphere (TOA) due to the
reduction of SO2 emissions. This positive aerosol radiative forcing was
comprised of diminished sulfate scattering (+0.58 W m−2), enhanced
nitrate radiative effects (−0.29 W m−2), and could be completely offset
by the concurrent reduction of BC emissions that induced a negative BC DRF
of −0.33 W m−2. Despite the small net aerosol DRF (−0.05 W m−2)
at the TOA, aerosol–radiation interactions could explain the surface
brightening in China over the past decade. The overall reductions in
aerosol burdens and associated optical effects mainly from BC and sulfate
enhanced the regional annual mean downward solar radiation flux at the
surface by +1.0 W m−2 between 2008 and 2016. The enhancement was in
general agreement with a long-term observational record of surface energy
fluxes in China. We also estimated that aerosol effects on cloud radiative
forcings may have played a dominant role in the net aerosol radiative
forcings at the TOA in China and over the northern Pacific Ocean during the
study period. This study will facilitate more informed assessment of climate
responses to projected emissions in the future as well as to sudden changes
in human activities (e.g., the COVID-19 lockdown).
Volatile organic compound emissions from solvent- and water-borne coatings – compositional differences and tracer compound identifications
Authors: Stockwell Chelsea E. , Coggon Matthew M. , Gkatzelis Georgios I. , Ortega John , McDonald Brian C. , Peischl Jeff , Aikin Kenneth , Gilman Jessica B. , Trainer Michael , Warneke Carsten
Published: April 2021

Abstract. The emissions of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from
volatile chemical products (VCPs) – specifically personal care products,
cleaning agents, coatings, adhesives, and pesticides – are emerging as the
largest source of petroleum-derived organic carbon in US cities. Previous
work has shown that the ambient concentration of markers for most VCP
categories correlates strongly with population density, except for VOCs
predominantly originating from solvent- and water-borne coatings (e.g.,
parachlorobenzotrifluoride (PCBTF) and Texanol®, respectively). Instead, these enhancements were dominated by distinct emission events likely driven by industrial usage patterns, such as
construction activity. In this work, the headspace of a variety of coating
products was analyzed using a proton-transfer-reaction time-of-flight mass
spectrometer (PTR-ToF-MS) and a gas chromatography (GC) preseparation
front end to identify composition differences for various coating types
(e.g., paints, primers, sealers, and stains). Evaporation experiments of
several products showed high initial VOC emission rates, and for the length
of these experiments, the majority of the VOC mass was emitted during the
first few hours following application. The percentage of mass emitted as
measured VOCs (<1 % to 83 %) mirrored the VOC content reported by
the manufacturer (<5 to 550 g L−1). Ambient and laboratory
measurements, usage trends, and ingredients compiled from architectural
coatings surveys show that both PCBTF and Texanol account for ∼10 % of the total VOC ingredient sales and, therefore, can be useful tracers for solvent- and water-borne coatings.
Comparison of mid-latitude single and mixed-phase cloud optical depth from co-located infrared spectrometer and backscatter LiDAR measurements
Authors: Di Natale Gianluca , Barucci Marco , Belotti Claudio , Bianchini Giovanni , D'Amato Francesco , Del Bianco Samuele , Gai Marco , Montori Alessio , Sussmann Ralf , Viciani Silvia , Vogelmann Hannes , Palchetti Luca
Published: April 2021

Abstract. The longwave downwelling spectral radiance measurements performed by means of the Far-Infrared Radiation Mobile Observation System (FIRMOS) spectrometer at the summit of the Mt. Zugspitze (German Alps) in the Winter 2018–2019, allowed to retrieve the optical and micro-physical properties of ice, mixed and water clouds, showing a good agreement of the statistical relationship between the ice water path and the ice optical depth with the ones from previous works. In this paper the optical depths retrieved from FIRMOS are initially compared with selected cases calculated from backscattering Light Detection And Ranging (LiDAR) data by using a transmittance method. Then, in order to compare the whole FIRMOS dataset, the power-law relationship between backscattering and extinction is used to apply the Klett method and automatize the routine. Minimizing the root mean square differences, the exponent of the relationship, the so called backscatter-extinction coefficient ratio, is assessed to be 0.85 with a variabiliy in the range 0.60–1.10 for ice clouds and 0.50 with a variability within 0.30–0.70 for mixed and water clouds.
Open access to regional geoid models: the International Service for the Geoid
Authors: Reguzzoni Mirko , Carrion Daniela , De Gaetani Carlo Iapige , Albertella Alberta , Rossi Lorenzo , Sona Giovanna , Batsukh Khulan , Toro Herrera Juan Fernando , Elger Kirsten , Barzaghi Riccardo , Sansó Fernando
Published: April 2021

Abstract. The International Service for the Geoid (ISG, https://www.isgeoid.polimi.it/, last access: 31 March 2021) provides free access to a dedicated and
comprehensive repository of geoid models through its website. In the
archive, both the latest releases of the most important and well-known geoid
models, as well as less recent or less known ones, are freely available,
giving to the users a wide range of possible applications to perform
analyses on the evolution of the geoid computation research field. The ISG is an
official service of the International Association of Geodesy (IAG), under
the umbrella of the International Gravity Field Service (IGFS). Its main
tasks are collecting, analysing, and redistributing local, regional, and
continental geoid models and providing technical support to people involved
in geoid-related topics for both educational and research purposes. In the
framework of its activities, the ISG performs research taking advantage of its
archive and organizes seminars and specific training courses on geoid
determination, supporting students and researchers in geodesy as well as
distributing training material on the use of the most common algorithms for
geoid estimation. This paper aims at describing the data and services,
including the newly implemented DOI Service for geoid models (https://dataservices.gfz-potsdam.de/portal/?fq=subject:isg, last access: 31 March 2021), and showing the added value of the ISG archive of geoid
models for the scientific community and technicians, like engineers and
surveyors (https://www.isgeoid.polimi.it/Geoid/reg_list.html, last access: 31 March 2021).
CDIAC-FF: global and national CO2 emissions from fossil fuel combustion and cement manufacture: 1751–2017
Authors: Gilfillan Dennis , Marland Gregg
Published: April 2021

Abstract. Global- and national-scale inventories of carbon dioxide
(CO2) emissions are important tools as countries grapple with the need
to reduce emissions to minimize the magnitude of changes in the global
climate system. The longest time series dataset on global and national
CO2 emissions, with consistency over all countries and all years since
1751, has long been the dataset generated by the Carbon Dioxide Information
and Analysis Center (CDIAC), formerly housed at Oak Ridge National
Laboratory. The CDIAC dataset estimates emissions from fossil fuel
combustion and cement manufacture, by fuel type, using the United Nations
energy statistics and global cement production data from the United States
Geological Survey. Recently, the maintenance of the CDIAC dataset was
transferred to Appalachian State University, and the dataset is now
identified as CDIAC-FF. This paper describes the annual update of the time
series of emissions with estimates through 2017; there is typically a 2- to 3-year time lag in the processing of the two primary datasets used for the
estimation of CO2 emissions. We provide details on two changes to the
approach to calculating CO2 emissions that have been implemented in the transition from CDIAC to CDIAC-FF: refinement in the treatment of changes in
stocks at the global level and changes in the procedure to calculate
CO2 emissions from cement manufacture. We compare CDIAC-FF's estimates
of CO2 emissions with other global and national datasets and
illustrate the trends in emissions (1990–2015) using a decomposition
analysis of the Kaya identity. The decompositions for the top 10 emitting
countries show that, although similarities exist, countries have unique
factors driving their patterns of emissions, suggesting the need for diverse
strategies to mitigate carbon emissions to meditate anthropogenic climate
change. The data for this particular version of CDIAC-FF are available at
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4281271 (Gilfillan et al., 2020a).
HIDRA 1.0: deep-learning-based ensemble sea level forecasting in the northern Adriatic
Authors: Žust Lojze , Fettich Anja , Kristan Matej , Ličer Matjaž
Published: April 2021

Abstract. Interactions between atmospheric forcing, topographic constraints to air and water flow, and resonant character of the basin make sea level modelling in the Adriatic a challenging problem.
In this study we present an ensemble deep-neural-network-based sea level forecasting method HIDRA, which outperforms our set-up of the general ocean circulation model ensemble (NEMO v3.6) for all forecast lead times and at a minuscule fraction of the numerical cost (order of 2×10-6). HIDRA exhibits larger bias but lower RMSE than our set-up of NEMO over most of the residual sea level bins. It introduces a trainable atmospheric spatial encoder and employs fusion of atmospheric and sea level features into a self-contained network which enables discriminative feature learning.
HIDRA architecture building blocks are experimentally analysed in detail and compared to alternative approaches.
Results show the importance of sea level input for forecast lead times below 24 h and the importance of atmospheric input for longer lead times.
The best performance is achieved by considering the input as the total sea level, split into disjoint sets of tidal and residual signals. This enables HIDRA to optimize the prediction fidelity with respect to atmospheric forcing while compensating for the errors in the tidal model.
HIDRA is trained and analysed on a 10-year (2006–2016) time series of atmospheric surface fields from a single member of ECMWF atmospheric ensemble. In the testing phase, both HIDRA and NEMO ensemble systems are forced by the ECMWF atmospheric ensemble. Their performance is evaluated on a 1-year (2019) hourly time series from a tide gauge in Koper (Slovenia).
Spectral and continuous wavelet analysis of the forecasts at the semi-diurnal frequency (12 h)−1 and at the ground-state basin seiche frequency (21.5 h)−1 is performed.
The energy at the basin seiche in the HIDRA forecast is close to that observed, while our set-up of NEMO underestimates it.
Analyses of the January 2015 and November 2019 storm surges indicate that HIDRA has learned to mimic the timing and amplitude of basin seiches.
The Ise-e Tradition and Ise Manga
Authors: Mostow Joshua S.
Published: April 2021

The Ise monogatari (The Ise Stories, aka Tales of Ise, tenth cen.) is the oldest continuously illustrated secular narrative in Japanese history. The present article explores to what extent, and how, contemporary manga artists engage with or use this rich visual tradition, examining three examples, in the seinen (young male-oriented), shōjo (young female-oriented), and gyagu (gag) genres, yet all arguably categorizable as gakushū, or educational, manga. Perhaps surprisingly, only the gag manga artist, Kurogane Hiroshi, takes advantage of the Ise’s long visual history, and the author of the article concludes by drawing parallels with the early modern artistic practice of mitate-e, or visual parody.
Reading the Literary Canon through Manga in the Twenty-First Century
Authors: Ivanova Gergana E.
Published: April 2021

This special section of Japanese Language and Literature, “Heian Literature in Manga,” attempts to offer tools for understanding the multiple functions that manga appropriations of literary texts written over a millennium ago perform in present-day Japan. Focusing on manga adaptations of six Heian-period (794-1185) works, the contributors examine how and why these classical writings have been rewritten for readers in the late twentieth and early twenty-first centuries. They present six international perspectives on the influence manga has had in popularizing Heian classics by exploring modern interpretations as well as which aspects of the ancient texts have been promoted for readers in Japan today.