bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Gravel‐Sand Transition of the Yangtze River: Human Disturbances, Migration Processes, and Controlling Factors
Authors: He Zican , Sun Zhaohua , Zhou Weixing , Li Yitian , Hu Yong
Published: June 2023

Despite abundant studies on gravel‐sand transitions (GSTs), GST origin and migration in large alluvial channels characterized by significant variations in width, numerous tributary (or distributary) streams, and frequent human disturbances remain difficult to explain. Here, we take the Yangtze River as an example and use field observations and numerical modeling to make progress toward addressing GST origin and migration. The results show that the Yangtze River exhibits a non‐abrupt GST approximately 60 km long. Within the GST and the adjacent area, there are two dramatic decreases in shear stress; the upstream one induces the settlement of sand from suspension, explaining the emergence of the Yangtze River GST, whereas the downstream one induces general cessation of gravel movement. However, the deposited gravel was mostly overwhelmed by sand. We argue that these changes in shear stress in the Yangtze River depended primarily on the combined effects of width variability and distributary systems. Since 1970, the Jingjiang Meander Cut‐off, the Gezhouba Dam, and the Three Gorges Dam (TGD) have been completed in succession, repeatedly altering the flow‐sediment regime within the GST. However, the GST position remained unchanged until the TGD began operation in 2003. The stability of the GST was primarily ascribed to the sufficient upstream sand supply (grain size <0.5 mm), the resistant lithologies upstream of Zhicheng, and the Jingjiang Great Levees constraints.
The Role of Weather System Changes and Catchment Characteristics in the Rainfall‐Runoff Relationship Shift in Victoria, Australia
Authors: van Rensch Peter , Turner Margot , Saft Margarita , Peel Murray C. , Peterson Tim J. , Hope Pandora , Pepler Acacia
Published: June 2023

Many Victorian catchments experienced a rainfall‐runoff relationship (RRR) shift during the Millennium Drought (1997–2009). Less annual streamflow was generated from annual rainfall during the drought than would have been expected for the same rainfall before the drought. Changes in weather systems, such as cyclones, fronts, and thunderstorms, were also observed during this period. In this study, we assess the role that changes in weather systems played in the RRR shift. We find that catchments that experienced a RRR shift tended to receive less of their rainfall from frontal weather systems, and more of their rainfall from thunderstorm‐enhanced cyclone and cyclone‐front hybrid systems during the drought than catchments that showed little change in RRR. Overall, changes in the proportion of rainfall from weather systems alone explained up to 43% of the variance in the RRR shift between catchments. Including parameters that quantify catchment processes and physiographic features indicated that weather system changes are not the primary indicator of a RRR shift. Catchment mean slope, aridity and valley confinement, together with proportional rainfall change of cyclone‐thunderstorms and cyclone‐front‐thunderstorms, explained 60% of the variance in the RRR shift between catchments. Focusing on streamflow availability, we find the importance of different weather systems and catchment characteristics varies depending on warm or cool season, eastern or western Victoria, and before or during the drought. Following the drought, some catchments largely maintained the RRR shift that occurred during the drought, and also experienced less of their rainfall from fronts and cyclones compared to the other catchments.
Balancing Sediment Connectivity and Energy Production via Optimized Reservoir Sediment Management Strategies
Authors: Tangi M. , Bizzi S. , Schmitt R. , Castelletti A.
Published: June 2023

Sediment connectivity plays a fundamental role in sustaining ecosystem goods and services in fluvial systems, including hydropower production. Dams alter the natural processes of sediment transport by trapping sediment and reshaping downstream hydrology and geomorphology. Due to these processes' interconnected nature, dams' impacts extend in time and space beyond the dam site to the entire river system. System‐scale approaches to reduce dam impacts commonly only consider dam siting, overlooking the potential of sediment management strategies integrated into the dam operations to offer more flexible solutions for mitigation. Herein, we contribute a sediment routing model (D‐CASCADE) to assess the impacts of reservoirs and their management strategies on river sediment connectivity. D‐CASCADE is applied to the 3S river system, a tributary of the Mekong River, a hotspot of potential dams in the Lower Mekong. We analyze three dam development portfolios. The effect of reservoir management is examined by assessing daily sediment delivery with specific dam release strategies. Model results predict sediment yield to the Mekong to reduce by 31%–60%. Finally, we explore trade‐offs between hydropower generation and sediment connectivity across cascades of multiple reservoirs. Results show that repeated flushing operations during the early wet season could significantly increase sediment delivery with minimal (max 6%) hydropower losses. While poor trade‐offs between sediment and hydropower have been locked‐in in the Mekong, our results highlight the potential of including sediment connectivity models in multi‐objective decision‐making frameworks to devise integrated water and sediment management strategies that mitigate connectivity disruptions while minimizing losses in other sectors.
Final results of DESTINY-CRC01 investigating trastuzumab deruxtecan in patients with HER2-expressing metastatic colorectal cancer
Authors: Yoshino Takayuki , Di Bartolomeo Maria , Raghav Kanwal , Masuishi Toshiki , Loupakis Fotios , Kawakami Hisato , Yamaguchi Kensei , Nishina Tomohiro , Wainberg Zev , Elez Elena , Rodriguez Javier , Fakih Marwan , Ciardiello Fortunato , Saxena Kapil , Kobayashi Kojiro , Bako Emarjola , Okuda Yasuyuki , Meinhardt Gerold , Grothey Axel , Siena Salvatore ,   DESTINY-CRC01 investigators, Di Bartolomeo Maria
Published: June 2023

DESTINY-CRC01 (NCT03384940) was a multicenter, open-label, phase 2 trial assessing the efficacy and safety of trastuzumab deruxtecan (T-DXd) in patients with HER2-expressing metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) that progressed after ≥2 prior regimens; results of the primary analysis are published. Patients received T-DXd 6.4 mg/kg every 3 weeks and were assigned to either: cohort A (HER2-positive, immunohistochemistry [IHC] 3+ or IHC 2+/in situ hybridization [ISH]+), cohort B (IHC 2+/ISH−), or cohort C (IHC 1+). Primary endpoint was objective response rate (ORR) by independent central review in cohort A. Secondary endpoints included ORR (cohorts B and C), duration of response, disease control rate, progression-free survival, overall survival, pharmacokinetics, and safety of T-DXd. 86 patients were enrolled (53 in cohort A, 15 in cohort B, and 18 in cohort C). Results of the primary analysis are published, reporting an ORR of 45.3% in cohort A. Here, we report the final results. No responses occurred in cohorts B or C. Median progression-free survival, overall survival, and duration of response were 6.9, 15.5, and 7.0 months, respectively. Overall serum exposure (cycle 1) of T-DXd, total anti-HER2 antibody, and DXd were similar regardless of HER2 status. Most common grade ≥3 treatment-emergent adverse events were decreased neutrophil count and anemia. Adjudicated drug-related interstitial lung disease/pneumonitis occurred in 8 patients (9.3%). These findings support the continued exploration of T-DXd in HER2-positive mCRC.
Electrostatic control of the proximity effect in the bulk of semiconductor-superconductor hybrids
Authors: van Loo Nick , Mazur Grzegorz P. , Dvir Tom , Wang Guanzhong , Dekker Robin C. , Wang Ji-Yin , Lemang Mathilde , Sfiligoj Cristina , Bordin Alberto , van Driel David , Badawy Ghada , Gazibegovic Sasa , Bakkers Erik P. A. M. , Kouwenhoven Leo P.
Published: June 2023

The proximity effect in semiconductor-superconductor nanowires is expected to generate an induced gap in the semiconductor. The magnitude of this induced gap, together with the semiconductor properties like spin-orbit coupling and g-factor, depends on the coupling between the materials. It is predicted that this coupling can be adjusted through the use of electric fields. We study this phenomenon in InSb/Al/Pt hybrids using nonlocal spectroscopy. We show that these hybrids can be tuned such that the semiconductor and superconductor are strongly coupled. In this case, the induced gap is similar to the superconducting gap in the Al/Pt shell and closes only at high magnetic fields. In contrast, the coupling can be suppressed which leads to a strong reduction of the induced gap and critical magnetic field. At the crossover between the strong-coupling and weak-coupling regimes, we observe the closing and reopening of the induced gap in the bulk of a nanowire. Contrary to expectations, it is not accompanied by the formation of zero-bias peaks in the local conductance spectra. As a result, this cannot be attributed conclusively to the anticipated topological phase transition and we discuss possible alternative explanations.
The supercurrent diode effect and nonreciprocal paraconductivity due to the chiral structure of nanotubes
Authors: He James Jun , Tanaka Yukio , Nagaosa Naoto
Published: June 2023

The phenomenon that critical supercurrents along opposite directions become unequal is called the supercurrent diode effect (SDE). It has been observed in various systems and can often be understood by combining spin-orbit coupling and Zeeman field, which break the spatial-inversion and time-reversal symmetries, respectively. Here, we theoretically investigate another mechanism of breaking these symmetries and predict the existence of the SDE in chiral nanotubes without spin-orbit coupling. The symmetries are broken by the chiral structure and a magnetic flux through the tube. With a generalized Ginzburg-Landau theory, we obtain the main features of the SDE in its dependence on system parameters. We further show that the same Ginzburg-Landau free energy leads to another important manifestation of the nonreciprocity in superconducting systems, i.e., the nonreciprocal paraconductivity (NPC) slightly above the transition temperature. Our study suggests a new class of realistic platforms to investigate nonreciprocal properties of superconducting materials. It also provides a theoretical link between the SDE and the NPC, which were often studied separately.
Myeloid cell infiltration in skeletal muscle after combined hindlimb unloading and radiation exposure in mice
Authors: Emanuelsson Eric B. , Baselet Bjorn , Neefs Mieke , Baatout Sarah , Proesmans Brit , Daenen Lisa , Sundberg Carl Johan , Rundqvist Helene , Fernandez-Gonzalo Rodrigo
Published: June 2023

The skeletal muscle and the immune system are heavily affected by the space environment. The crosstalk between these organs, although established, is not fully understood. This study determined the nature of immune cell changes in the murine skeletal muscle following (hindlimb) unloading combined with an acute session of irradiation (HLUR). Our findings show that 14 days of HLUR induces a significant increase of myeloid immune cell infiltration in skeletal muscle.
A metal-poor star with abundances from a pair-instability supernova
Authors: Xing Qian-Fan , Zhao Gang , Liu Zheng-Wei , Heger Alexander , Han Zhan-Wen , Aoki Wako , Chen Yu-Qin , Ishigaki Miho N. , Li Hai-Ning , Zhao Jing-Kun
Published: June 2023

The most massive and shortest-lived stars dominate the chemical evolution of the pre-galactic era. On the basis of numerical simulations, it has long been speculated that the mass of such first-generation stars was up to several hundred solar masses1–4. The very massive first-generation stars with a mass range from 140 to 260 solar masses are predicted to enrich the early interstellar medium through pair-instability supernovae (PISNe)5. Decades of observational efforts, however, have not been able to uniquely identify the imprints of such very massive stars on the most metal-poor stars in the Milky Way6,7. Here we report the chemical composition of a very metal-poor (VMP) star with extremely low sodium and cobalt abundances. The sodium with respect to iron in this star is more than two orders of magnitude lower than that of the Sun. This star exhibits very large abundance variance between the odd- and even-charge-number elements, such as sodium/magnesium and cobalt/nickel. Such peculiar odd–even effect, along with deficiencies of sodium and α elements, are consistent with the prediction of primordial pair-instability supernova (PISN) from stars more massive than 140 solar masses. This provides a clear chemical signature indicating the existence of very massive stars in the early universe.
Epigenetic dysregulation from chromosomal transit in micronuclei
Authors: Agustinus Albert S. , Al-Rawi Duaa , Dameracharla Bhargavi , Raviram Ramya , Jones Bailey S. C. L. , Stransky Stephanie , Scipioni Lorenzo , Luebeck Jens , Di Bona Melody , Norkunaite Danguole , Myers Robert M. , Duran Mercedes , Choi Seongmin , Weigelt Britta , Yomtoubian Shira , McPherson Andrew , Toufektchan Eléonore , Keuper Kristina , Mischel Paul S. , Mittal Vivek , Shah Sohrab P. , Maciejowski John , Storchova Zuzana , Gratton Enrico , Ly Peter , Landau Dan , Bakhoum Mathieu F. , Koche Richard P. , Sidoli Simone , Bafna Vineet , David Yael , Bakhoum Samuel F.
Published: June 2023

Chromosomal instability (CIN) and epigenetic alterations are characteristics of advanced and metastatic cancers1–4, but whether they are mechanistically linked is unknown. Here we show that missegregation of mitotic chromosomes, their sequestration in micronuclei5,6and subsequent rupture of the micronuclear envelope7profoundly disrupt normal histone post-translational modifications (PTMs), a phenomenon conserved across humans and mice, as well as in cancer and non-transformed cells. Some of the changes in histone PTMs occur because of the rupture of the micronuclear envelope, whereas others are inherited from mitotic abnormalities before the micronucleus is formed. Using orthogonal approaches, we demonstrate that micronuclei exhibit extensive differences in chromatin accessibility, with a strong positional bias between promoters and distal or intergenic regions, in line with observed redistributions of histone PTMs. Inducing CIN causes widespread epigenetic dysregulation, and chromosomes that transit in micronuclei experience heritable abnormalities in their accessibility long after they have been reincorporated into the primary nucleus. Thus, as well as altering genomic copy number, CIN promotes epigenetic reprogramming and heterogeneity in cancer.
Differentiation of retroperitoneal paragangliomas and schwannomas based on computed tomography radiomics
Authors: Cao Yuntai , Wang Zhan , Ren Jialiang , Liu Wencun , Da Huiwen , Yang Xiaotong , Bao Haihua
Published: June 2023

The purpose of this study was to differentiate the retroperitoneal paragangliomas and schwannomas using computed tomography (CT) radiomics. This study included 112 patients from two centers who pathologically confirmed retroperitoneal pheochromocytomas and schwannomas and underwent preoperative CT examinations. Radiomics features of the entire primary tumor were extracted from non-contrast enhancement (NC), arterial phase (AP) and venous phase (VP) CT images. The least absolute shrinkage and selection operator method was used to screen out key radiomics signatures. Radiomics, clinical and clinical-radiomics combined models were built to differentiate the retroperitoneal paragangliomas and schwannomas. Model performance and clinical usefulness were evaluated by receiver operating characteristic curve, calibration curve and decision curve. In addition, we compared the diagnostic accuracy of radiomics, clinical and clinical-radiomics combined models with radiologists for pheochromocytomas and schwannomas in the same set of data. Three NC, 4 AP, and 3 VP radiomics features were retained as the final radiomics signatures for differentiating the paragangliomas and schwannomas. The CT characteristics CT attenuation value of NC and the enhancement magnitude at AP and VP were found to be significantly different statistically (P < 0.05). The NC, AP, VP, Radiomics and clinical models had encouraging discriminative performance. The clinical-radiomics combined model that combined radiomics signatures and clinical characteristics showed excellent performance, with an area under curve (AUC) values were 0.984 (95% CI 0.952–1.000) in the training cohort, 0.955 (95% CI 0.864–1.000) in the internal validation cohort and 0.871 (95% CI 0.710–1.000) in the external validation cohort. The accuracy, sensitivity and specificity were 0.984, 0.970 and 1.000 in the training cohort, 0.960, 1.000 and 0.917 in the internal validation cohort and 0.917, 0.923 and 0.818 in the external validation cohort, respectively. Additionally, AP, VP, Radiomics, clinical and clinical-radiomics combined models had a higher diagnostic accuracy for pheochromocytomas and schwannomas than the two radiologists. Our study demonstrated the CT-based radiomics models has promising performance in differentiating the paragangliomas and schwannomas.
Stochastic optimization of a uranium oxide reaction mechanism using plasma flow reactor measurements
Authors: Finko Mikhail , Koroglu Batikan , Rodriguez Kate E. , Rose Timothy P. , Crowhurst Jonathan C. , Curreli Davide , Radousky Harry B. , Knight Kim B.
Published: June 2023

In this work, a coupled Monte Carlo Genetic Algorithm (MCGA) approach is used to optimize a gas phase uranium oxide reaction mechanism based on plasma flow reactor (PFR) measurements. The PFR produces a steady Ar plasma containing U, O, H, and N species with high temperature regions (3000–5000 K) relevant to observing UO formation via optical emission spectroscopy. A global kinetic treatment is used to model the chemical evolution in the PFR and to produce synthetic emission signals for direct comparison with experiments. The parameter space of a uranium oxide reaction mechanism is then explored via Monte Carlo sampling using objective functions to quantify the model-experiment agreement. The Monte Carlo results are subsequently refined using a genetic algorithm to obtain an experimentally corroborated set of reaction pathways and rate coefficients. Out of 12 reaction channels targeted for optimization, four channels are found to be well constrained across all optimization runs while another three channels are constrained in select cases. The optimized channels highlight the importance of the OH radical in oxidizing uranium in the PFR. This study comprises a first step toward producing a comprehensive experimentally validated reaction mechanism for gas phase uranium molecular species formation.
Recycling of both resin and fibre from wind turbine blade waste via small molecule-assisted dissolution
Authors: Muzyka Roksana , Sobek Szymon , Korytkowska-Wałach Anna , Drewniak Łukasz , Sajdak Marcin
Published: June 2023

Wind energy has significant growth potential and applicability on a global scale, but approximately 2.4% of wind turbine blades must be decommissioned annually. The majority of blade components can be recycled; however, wind blades are rarely recycled. In the present study, an alternative method was presented involving a small molecule-assisted technique based on a dynamic reaction that dissolves waste composite materials containing ester groups to recycle end-of-life wind turbine blades. This effective process requires temperatures below 200 °C, and the major component, i.e., resin, can be easily dissolved. This method can be applied to recycle composite materials, such as wind turbine blades and carbon fibre composites comprising fibres and resins. Depending on the waste, up to 100% of the resin degradation yield can be achieved. The solution used for the recycling process may be reused multiple times and can be reused to obtain resin-based components and create a closed loop for this type of material.
ATP6AP2 is robustly expressed in pancreatic β cells and neuroendocrine tumors, and plays a role in maintaining cellular viability
Authors: Taguchi Tomomi , Kimura Kaori , Suzuki Agena , Fujishima Rei , Shimizu Naoya , Hoshiyama Ayako , Masaki Tsuguto , Inoue Mitsuko , Kato Yukiko , Satomi Takebe , Takano Koji , Imada Tasuku , Sasaki Shugo , Miyatsuka Takeshi
Published: June 2023

ATP6AP2, also known as (pro)renin receptor, has been shown to be expressed in several tissues including pancreatic β cells. Whereas ATP6AP2 plays an important role in regulating insulin secretion in mouse pancreatic β cells, the expression profiles and roles of ATP6AP2 in human pancreatic endocrine cells and neuroendocrine tumor cells remain unclear. Here in this study, we investigated the expression profiles of ATP6AP2 in pancreatic endocrine cells, and found that ATP6AP2 is robustly expressed in pancreatic insulinoma cells as well as in normal β cells. Although ATP6AP2 was also expressed in low-grade neuroendocrine tumors, it was not or faintly detected in intermediate- and high-grade neuroendocrine tumors. Knockdown experiments of the Atp6ap2 gene in rat insulinoma-derived INS-1 cells demonstrated decreased cell viability accompanied by a significant increase in apoptotic cells. Taken together, these findings suggest that ATP6AP2 plays a role in maintaining cellular homeostasis in insulinoma cells, which could lead to possible therapeutic approaches for endocrine tumors.
DEDTI versus IEDTI: efficient and predictive models of drug-target interactions
Authors: Zabihian Arash , Sayyad Faeze Zakaryapour , Hashemi Seyyed Morteza , Shami Tanha Reza , Hooshmand Mohsen , Gharaghani Sajjad
Published: June 2023

Drug repurposing is an active area of research that aims to decrease the cost and time of drug development. Most of those efforts are primarily concerned with the prediction of drug-target interactions. Many evaluation models, from matrix factorization to more cutting-edge deep neural networks, have come to the scene to identify such relations. Some predictive models are devoted to the prediction’s quality, and others are devoted to the efficiency of the predictive models, e.g., embedding generation. In this work, we propose new representations of drugs and targets useful for more prediction and analysis. Using these representations, we propose two inductive, deep network models of IEDTI and DEDTI for drug-target interaction prediction. Both of them use the accumulation of new representations. The IEDTI takes advantage of triplet and maps the input accumulated similarity features into meaningful embedding corresponding vectors. Then, it applies a deep predictive model to each drug-target pair to evaluate their interaction. The DEDTI directly uses the accumulated similarity feature vectors of drugs and targets and applies a predictive model on each pair to identify their interactions. We have done a comprehensive simulation on the DTINet dataset as well as gold standard datasets, and the results show that DEDTI outperforms IEDTI and the state-of-the-art models. In addition, we conduct a docking study on new predicted interactions between two drug-target pairs, and the results confirm acceptable drug-target binding affinity between both predicted pairs.
Preserving privacy in surgical video analysis using a deep learning classifier to identify out-of-body scenes in endoscopic videos
Authors: Lavanchy Joël L. , Vardazaryan Armine , Mascagni Pietro ,   AI4SafeChole Consortium, Laracca Giovanni Guglielmo , Guerriero Ludovica , Spota Andrea , Fiorillo Claudio , Quero Giuseppe , Alfieri Segio , Baldari Ludovica , Cassinotti Elisa , Boni Luigi , Cuccurullo Diego , Costamagna Guido , Dallemagne Bernard , Mutter Didier , Padoy Nicolas
Published: June 2023

Surgical video analysis facilitates education and research. However, video recordings of endoscopic surgeries can contain privacy-sensitive information, especially if the endoscopic camera is moved out of the body of patients and out-of-body scenes are recorded. Therefore, identification of out-of-body scenes in endoscopic videos is of major importance to preserve the privacy of patients and operating room staff. This study developed and validated a deep learning model for the identification of out-of-body images in endoscopic videos. The model was trained and evaluated on an internal dataset of 12 different types of laparoscopic and robotic surgeries and was externally validated on two independent multicentric test datasets of laparoscopic gastric bypass and cholecystectomy surgeries. Model performance was evaluated compared to human ground truth annotations measuring the receiver operating characteristic area under the curve (ROC AUC). The internal dataset consisting of 356,267 images from 48 videos and the two multicentric test datasets consisting of 54,385 and 58,349 images from 10 and 20 videos, respectively, were annotated. The model identified out-of-body images with 99.97% ROC AUC on the internal test dataset. Mean ± standard deviation ROC AUC on the multicentric gastric bypass dataset was 99.94 ± 0.07% and 99.71 ± 0.40% on the multicentric cholecystectomy dataset, respectively. The model can reliably identify out-of-body images in endoscopic videos and is publicly shared. This facilitates privacy preservation in surgical video analysis.
High spin current density in gate-tunable spin-valves based on graphene nanoribbons
Authors: Wang Chun-Pu , Cheng Shih-Hung , Hsueh Wen-Jeng
Published: June 2023

The usage of two-dimensional (2D) materials will be very advantageous for many developing spintronic device designs, providing a superior method of managing spin. Non-volatile memory technologies, particularly magnetic random-access memories (MRAMs), characterized by 2D materials are the goal of the effort. A sufficiently large spin current density is indispensable for the writing mode of MRAMs to switch states. How to attain spin current density beyond critical values around 5 MA/cm2 in 2D materials at room temperature is the greatest obstacle to overcome. Here, we first theoretically propose a spin valve based on graphene nanoribbons (GNRs) to generate a huge spin current density at room temperature. The spin current density can achieve the critical value with the help of tunable gate voltage. The highest spin current density can reach 15 MA/cm2 by adjusting the band gap energy of GNRs and exchange strength in our proposed gate-tunable spin-valve. Also, ultralow writing power can be obtained, successfully overcoming the difficulties traditional magnetic tunnel junction-based MRAMs have faced. Furthermore, the proposed spin-valve meets the reading mode criteria and the MR ratios are always higher than 100%. These results may open the feasibility avenues for spin logic devices based on 2D materials.
Effects of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes on nonresponse rate of neoadjuvant chemotherapy in patients with invasive breast cancer
Authors: Qian Xiao-Long , Xia Xiao-Qing , Li Ya-Qing , Jia Yu-Mian , Sun Yuan-Yuan , Song Yuan-Ming , Xue Hui-Qin , Hao Yan-Fei , Wang Jin , Wang Xiao-Zi , Liu Chen-Ying , Zhang Xin-Min , Zhang Li-Na , Guo Xiao-Jing
Published: June 2023

High level of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) can predict the rate of total pathological complete remission (tpCR) of breast cancer patients who receive neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT). This study focused on evaluating the data of patients whose primary tumor and/or lymph node metastasis show nonresponse (NR) to NACT, trying to provide a basis for the clinical decision which patients will develop NACT resistance. The study included breast cancers from 991 patients who received NACT. ROC curve analysis confirmed that TILs showed significant predictive value for NR of hormone receptor (HR)+HER2− and triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). Among HR+HER2− breast cancer, TILs ≥ 10% was an independent predictor for low NR rate. Furthermore, positive correlation of TILs with Ki67 index and Miller-Payne grade, and negative correlation with ER and PR H-scores were only identified in this subgroup. In TNBC, TILs ≥ 17.5% was an independent predictor for low NR rate. The predictive value of low TILs on NR may facilitate to screen patients with HR+HER2− or TNBC who may not benefit from NACT. HR+HER2− breast cancer with low levels of TILs should be carefully treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy, and other alternatives such as neoadjuvant endocrine therapy can be considered.
A new planar feeding method of dielectric rod antenna using dielectric resonator
Authors: Fakhte Saeed
Published: June 2023

This article proposes a new method for exciting surface waves in dielectric rod antennas using dielectric resonator antennas. The method involves housing a rectangular dielectric resonator antenna with a dielectric constant of 10.2 inside a hollow cylindrical dielectric rod antenna made of Teflon. By exciting the $${TE}_{111}^{y}$$

TE

111

y

and $${TE}_{113}^{y}$$

TE

113

y

modes of the dielectric resonator antenna, a surface wave can be launched along the Teflon tube. This method offers the advantage of integrating the dielectric rod antenna with planar circuits, where maximum radiation in the direction normal to the board is desirable. Compared to other planar feeding methods, this technique leads to lower back lobe and sidelobe levels. I fabricated the proposed structure and conducted tests to measure its performance. The measured results show an impedance bandwidth of 22% from 7.35 to 9.4 GHz and a maximum gain of 14 dB. Additionally, the simulated radiation efficiency of the proposed antenna in the entire band is above 90%.
Precipitation trend increases the contribution of dry reduced nitrogen deposition
Authors: Chen Weihua , Jia Shiguo , Wang Xuemei , Shao Min , Liao Wenhui , Guenther Alex , Flechard Chris , Yu Pengfei , Zhong Buqing , Chang Ming , Wang Weiwen , Mao Jingying , Liu Xuejun , Yu Guirui , Carmichael Gregory
Published: June 2023

Given the leveling off in oxidized nitrogen emissions around the world, the atmospheric deposition of reduced nitrogen (NHx = NH3 + NH4+) has become progressively critical, especially dry deposition, which presents great threats to plant growth. A combination of historical deposition data of measured wet NHx and modeled dry NHx in China suggests that dry NHx deposition has been increasing substantially (4.50% yr−1, p < 0.05) since 1980. Here, chemical transport model (WRF-EMEP) results indicate that variation in NH3 emissions is not a dominant factor resulting in the continually increasing trends of dry NHx deposition, while climate change-induced trends in precipitation patterns with less frequent light rain and more frequent consecutive rain events (with ≥2 consecutive rainy days) contribute to the increase in dry NHx deposition. This will continue to shift NHx deposition from wet to dry form at a rate of 0.12 and 0.23% yr−1 (p < 0.05) for the period of 2030–2100 in China under the RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 scenarios, respectively. Further analysis for North America and Europe demonstrates results similar to China, with a consistent increase in the contribution of dry NHx deposition driven by changing precipitation patterns from ~30% to ~35%. Our findings, therefore, uncover the change of precipitation patterns has an increasing influence on the shifting of NHx deposition from wet to dry form in the Northern Hemisphere and highlight the need to shift from total NHx deposition-based control strategies to more stringent NH3 emission controls targeting dry NHx deposition in order to mitigate the potential negative ecological impacts.
Recycling and the end of life assessment of fluoropolymers: recent developments, challenges and future trends
Authors: Améduri Bruno , Hori Hisao
Published: June 2023

Herein, we present the state of the art technology on the recycling, reuse, thermal decomposition, and the life cycle assessment of fluoropolymers (FPs, ranging from PTFE and PVDF to various fluorinated copolymers based on VDF and TFE).
A label-free electrochemical aptasensor based on Bi–Sb alloy materials for potential POCT of HER-2
Authors: Shi Shan-Shan , Jia Li-Ping , Zhang Wei , Ma Rong-Na , Shang Lei , Li Xiao-Jian , Zhao Huai-Qing , Wang Huai-Sheng
Published: June 2023

A label-free electrochemical aptasensor was established for the POCT of HER-2 based on Bi–Sb alloy materials (Bi–Sb AMs).
Strong circularly polarized luminescenceviaintramolecular excited-state symmetry-breaking charge separation
Authors: Álvaro-Martins Maria João , Billiaux Chloé , Godard Pascale , Oda Reiko , Raffy Guillaume , Bassani Dario M.
Published: June 2023

Unexpected excited-state symmetry breaking leads to an emissive charge-separated excimer in a simple bis-pyrene chromophore.
Unraveling the influential mechanism of short-chain branching on the crystallization of trimodal polyethylene by molecular dynamics simulation
Authors: Cai Min , He Xuelian , Liu Zhen , Liu Boping
Published: June 2023

By means of MD simulations, we investigated the molecular mechanism of short-chain branching (SCB) in the nucleation and crystallization process, and the chain entanglement mechanism of different SCB distributions of trimodal PE.
What governs the electrocatalytic N2 reduction activity of sp-hybridized boron?
Authors: Ji Yongfei , Huang Yungan , Wang Gang , Liu Paiyong , Cai Weiquan
Published: June 2023

Electrocatalytic nitrogen reduction reactions (NRRs) have attracted intensive scientific attention, the NRR activity of the sp-hybridized boron is systematically investigated by first-principle calculations.
Assessment of the properties of natural-based chiral deep eutectic solvents for chiral drug separation: insights from molecular dynamics simulation
Authors: Jahanbakhsh-Bonab Parisa , Pazuki Gholamreza , Sardroodi Jaber Jahanbin , Dehnavi Seyed Mohsen
Published: June 2023

The structural and physicochemical properties of chiral deep eutectic solvents (DESs) based on racemic mixtures of menthol are investigated.
How does thickness affect magnetic coupling in Ti-based MXenes
Authors: García-Romeral Néstor , Morales-García Ángel , Viñes Francesc , Moreira Ibério de P. R. , Illas Francesc
Published: June 2023

The magnetic nature of Ti2C, Ti3C2, and Ti4C3 MXenes is determined from periodic calculations within DFT and using the GGA based PBE functional, the PBE0 and HSE06 hybrids, and the on-site Hubbard corrected PBE+U one, in all cases using a very tight numerical setup.
A multi-physical quantity sensor based on a layered photonic structure containing layered graphene hyperbolic metamaterials
Authors: Xu Jie , Tang Zhao , Wu You Ran , Zhang Hai Feng
Published: June 2023

An angle-insensitive Janus graphene-based sensor capable of detecting multiple physical quantities which conducts a comprehensive performance analysis using the APSO-driven TMM, which has various performance in both the front and rear directions.
Carbon modified Ti(I/S) composites and their photocatalytic degradation of rhodamine B
Authors: Yang Jing , Wang Jie , Xie Chuanfang , Zhou Yang , Wei Liang , Yang Xiande
Published: June 2023

Small TiO2 particles and carbon particles were observed on the I/S surface of the C-Ti/(I/S) composites. The oxidation of RhB mainly involved holes and superoxide radicals.
Preparation of Bacillus-mimic liposomes destroying TAMs for the treatment of cancer
Authors: Li Yanan , Yan Zichao , Cong Hailin , Han Tingting , Yu Bing , Shen Youqing
Published: June 2023

The nano drug delivery system can significantly inhibit the digestive function of macrophages and can exist stably in the macrophages as they move deep into the tumor, achieving a dual anti-tumor effect with the chemotherapeutic drugs loaded in it.
Material design, development, and trend for surface-enhanced Raman scattering substrates
Authors: Ying Yue , Tang Zhiyong , Liu Yaling
Published: June 2023

Design, development and trend for SERS-active nanomaterials from single component to multi-components are comprehensively introduced, benefiting to the complete understanding of their research status and arousing the research enthusiasm on them.
ALD/MLD coating of patterned vertically aligned carbon nanotube micropillars with Fe-NH2TP hybrids
Authors: Silva R. M. , Rocha J. , Silva R. F.
Published: June 2023

Iron 2-amino terephthalate thin films were fabricated by ALD/MLD. Patterned vertically aligned carbon nanotube micropillars were coated by ALD/MLD. The iron 2-amino terephthalate ALD/MLD films exhibit hydrophobic properties.
Transition metal- and solvent-free anti-Markovnikov selective protoboration of alkenes with bis(pinacolato)diboron
Authors: Saini Suresh , Bhawar Ramesh , Srivastava Avinash Kumar , M Siri , Garg Kopal , Bose Shubhankar Kumar
Published: June 2023

An efficient anti-Markovnikov-selective transition metal- and solvent-free Lewis base-mediated protoboration of alkenes with B2pin2 has been developed to give synthetically useful alkyl boronate esters in excellent yields under mild reaction conditions.
Enhanced radioluminescence of NaLuF4:Eu3+ nanoscintillators by terbium sensitization for X-ray imaging
Authors: Yang Tianshe , Guo Luo , Wang Hao , Xu Xueli , Wu Peilin , Zhang Ning , Liu Xiangmei , Liu Shujuan , Zhao Qiang
Published: June 2023

NaLuF4:Eu3+ nanoscintillator with enhanced radioluminescence was boosted by the sensitization effect of Tb3+ on Eu3+ with an excellent X-ray scintillation performance, and further applied in X-ray imaging with high contrast for different samples.
Alkyne/thio umpolung tactic replacement: synthesis of alkynyl sulfides via capturing the in situ formed alkynylthiolate anion
Authors: Xing Donghui , Feng Mengxia , Zheng Yuzhen , Huang Bin , Jiang Huanfeng , Huang Liangbin
Published: June 2023

We have developed a general and easily accessible alkynylthio nucleophile precursor to couple with various accessible carbon electrophiles, as an attractive route for their synthesis.
Replacing the BO in BODIPY: unlocking the path to SBDIPY and BIDIPY chromophores
Authors: Korzun André , Crespi Stefano , Golz Christopher , Bismuto Alessandro
Published: June 2023

Synthesis, characterisation, and investigation of the luminescence features of a new class of chromophores: SBDIPY and BIDIPY.
The development of matrix-metalloproteinase responsive sensors for the machine-independent detection of oral inflammation
Authors: ter Mors Björn , Driessen Marc D. , Seher Axel , Haubitz Imme R. , Raschig Martina , Nowak Magdalena , Jockel-Schneider Yvonne , Linz Christian , Meinel Lorenz
Published: June 2023

Periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory disease that affects an estimated 20–50% of the world's population and can lead to high follow-up costs for the healthcare system.
An efficient intelligent control algorithm for drying rack system
Authors: Zhang Shiwen , Hu Wang , Liang Wei , Lei Changjian , Xiong Neal N.
Published: June 2023

With the development of the drying rack system, users with limited time tend to use the fully functional drying rack system to realize various intelligent control functions. However, the existing control methods for drying rack system has some defects such as, low intelligence and system delay, which are unsuitable for most users. In this paper, an efficient intelligent control algorithm based on the back‐propagation (BP) neural network is proposed. In this system, STM32F103 is first utilized as the central controller and multiple sensors are used to collect environmental information. Then, the remote control, voice keywords, and buttons can be used to achieve intelligent control. Subsequently, a motor drive intelligence control algorithm based on the BP neural network (MCBP) is proposed to improve the accuracy of the intelligent control. Next, an Application (APP) that can display environmental data such as wind speed, temperature, and humidity is developed. The APP can realize various intelligent control functions such as lifting, panning, rotating, and harvesting. Finally, MCBP is compared with normal control and programmable logic controller control. The accuracy of the MCBP is higher than other two control methods. The final extensive experiments confirm the accuracy and efficiency of the proposed intelligent control algorithm.
A new design methodology for window‐based FIR filters
Authors: Avanzato R. , Beritelli F. , Capizzi G. , Sciuto G. Lo
Published: June 2023

This letter describes a novel window‐based approach to FIR filter design. The window is constructed on the use of equispaced Gaussian basis functions. Unlike other known window‐based methods that do not allow for a satisfactory degree of control over band edges, the proposed method affords very good solution for controlling critical frequencies. In addition, the proposed window method is easier to implement than Kaiser's and affords a better passband flatness than any known design approach. It also yields stopband attenuations and control of critical frequencies which turn out to be very close to those obtainable with Parks–McClellan's method. So the proposed GBR window approach appears to be a significant step forward.
Light‐weight deep learning method for active jamming recognition based on improved MobileViT
Authors: Zou Wenxu , Xie Kai , Lin Jinjian
Published: June 2023

In recent years, there has been significant research focused on identifying jamming signals using neural networks to improve identification accuracy. However, traditional networks require large‐scale datasets for training, which is challenging in small sample scenarios such as actual battlefield jamming signal data. Additionally, the large number of parameters in traditional models presents deployment challenges for devices. To address these issues, this study proposes a lightweight neural network model called MobileViT_CA, an improved version of MobileViT, for jamming recognition in small sample scenarios. MobileViT_CA adopts a coordinate attention mechanism suitable for lightweight networks, which further improves the classification performance of the network. The model converts one‐dimensional jamming signals into two‐dimensional time‐frequency distribution images through time‐frequency analysis and then uses the network for recognition. Compared with traditional neural network models, MobileViT_CA significantly reduces the network parameter volume while maintaining high recognition accuracy, accelerating network inference speed, and reducing hardware requirements. Experimental results show that MobileViT_CA performs well in small sample data. The model's fast learning ability has also been verified by using transfer learning, and the use of Grad‐CAM and t‐SNE to analyse MobileViT_CA demonstrates its advantages in feature recognition and extraction. Overall, this approach has the potential to significantly improve the reliability and effectiveness of jamming recognition systems in battlefield scenarios.
The cosmic web around the Coma cluster from constrained cosmological simulations
Authors: Malavasi Nicola , Sorce Jenny G. , Dolag Klaus , Aghanim Nabila
Published: June 2023

Galaxy clusters in the Universe occupy the important position of nodes of the cosmic web. They are connected among them by filaments, elongated structures composed of dark matter, galaxies, and gas. The connection of galaxy clusters to filaments is important, as it is related to the process of matter accretion onto the former. For this reason, investigating the connections to the cosmic web of massive clusters, especially well-known ones for which a lot of information is available, is a hot topic in astrophysics. In a previous work, we performed an analysis of the filament connections of the Coma cluster of galaxies, as detected from the observed galaxy distribution. In this work we resort to a numerical simulation whose initial conditions are constrained to reproduce the local Universe, including the region of the Coma cluster to interpret our observations in an evolutionary context. We detect the filaments connected to the simulated Coma cluster and perform an accurate comparison with the cosmic web configuration we detect in observations. We perform an analysis of the halos’ spatial and velocity distributions close to the filaments in the cluster outskirts. We conclude that, although not significantly larger than the average, the flux of accreting matter on the simulated Coma cluster is significantly more collimated close to the filaments with respect to the general isotropic accretion flux. This paper is the first example of such a result and the first installment in a series of publications which will explore the build-up of the Coma cluster system in connection to the filaments of the cosmic web as a function of redshift.
Time evolution of Ce as traced by APOGEE using giant stars observed with the Kepler, TESS and K2 missions
Authors: Casali G. , Grisoni V. , Miglio A. , Chiappini C. , Matteuzzi M. , Magrini L. , Willett E. , Cescutti G. , Matteucci F. , Stokholm A. , Tailo M. , Montalbán J. , Elsworth Y. , Mosser B.
Published: June 2023

Context. Abundances of slow neutron-capture process (s-process) elements in stars with exquisite asteroseismic, spectroscopic, and astrometric constraints offer a novel opportunity to study stellar evolution, nucleosynthesis, and Galactic chemical evolution.

Aims. We investigate one of the least studied s-process elements in the literature, cerium (Ce), using stars with asteroseismic constraints from the Kepler, K2, and TESS missions.

Methods. We combined the global asteroseismic parameters derived from precise light curves obtained by the Kepler, K2, and TESS missions with stellar parameters and chemical abundances from the latest data release of the large spectroscopic survey APOGEE and astrometric data from the Gaia mission. Finally, we computed stellar ages using the code PARAM with a Bayesian estimation method.

Results. We investigated the different trends of [Ce/Fe] as a function of metallicity, [α/Fe], and age taking into account the dependence on the radial position, especially in the case of K2 targets, which cover a wide galactocentric range. We finally explored the [Ce/α] ratios as a function of age in different galactocentric intervals.

Conclusions The studied trends display a strong dependence of the Ce abundances on the metallicity and star formation history. The [Ce/Fe] ratio shows a non-monotonic dependence on [Fe/H] with a peak around −0.2 dex. Moreover, younger stars have higher [Ce/Fe] and [Ce/α] ratios than older stars, confirming the latest contribution of low- and intermediate-mass asymptotic giant branch stars to the Galactic chemical enrichment. In addition, the trends of [Ce/Fe] and [Ce/α] with age become steeper moving towards the outer regions of the Galactic disc, demonstrating more intense star formation in the inner regions than in the outer regions. Cerium is thus a potentially interesting element to help constrain stellar yields and the inside-out formation of the Milky Way disc. However, the large scatter in all the relations studied here suggests that spectroscopic uncertainties for this element are still too large.