bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Seizure control during spontaneous battery failure with responsive neurostimulation
Authors: Ward Ryan , Vallera Alexandra C. , Ali Irfan , Karakas Cemal , Haneef Zulfi
Published: April 2023

Objective

We examined seizure control during spontaneous responsive neurostimulation (RNS) battery failure to investigate the persistent benefits of RNS in the absence of neurostimulation. We hypothesized that the loss of direct RNS does not immediately result in seizure worsening.

Methods

Patients with RNS battery failure between August 2019 and December 2020 at a single institution were studied. During periods of battery depletion, the RNS device does not store any electrocorticography records, so we used a telephone‐based survey and chart review to assess seizure control during battery depletion.

Results

Eight of 10 eligible participants responded to the survey, with a mean duration of battery failure of 36 days (range: 10–219 days). During battery depletion, one patient reported decreased seizures and five reported no changes in seizure frequency. Only two patients reported increased seizure frequency.

Significance

The benefits of RNS treatment may outlast the immediate effects of direct neurostimulation, lending support to the notion of persistent neuroplasticity. Larger studies should confirm our preliminary findings.
The devil is in the details: Understanding how misinformation regarding epilepsy manifests in TikTok videos
Authors: Jiang Kallie , Nordli Douglas R. , Galan Fernando
Published: April 2023

Objective

This study sought to understand the amount of misinformation surrounding epilepsy on the social media platform, TikTok.

Methods

Videos from TikTok were searched using keyword “epilepsy.” In all, 109 videos were categorized as personal experience videos, event videos, or educational videos. Misinformation surrounding each video was analyzed by two independent reviewers. The number of videos and views of each were tracked.

Results

Event videos garnered the most attention (80% of total views). Of the event videos, 26/47 contained misinformation in the form of calling a nonepileptic event an epileptic seizure (55%). Videos of nonepileptic events labeled as epileptic seizures amassed 109 956 400 views.

Significance

This novel study quantifies the amount of misinformation regarding epilepsy on the social media platform, TikTok. The results showcase that misinformation is very prevalent on the application. Most of the misinformation consists of the mislabeling of nonepileptic events as epileptic seizures. Physicians should be aware of cardinal features of nonepileptic events to better treat patients. The medical community must understand the type of misinformation people are exposed to in order to educate patients appropriately.
Different relationships between epilepsy syndromes and autoimmune diseases
Authors: Chaves João , Leal Bárbara , Sardoeira Ana , Carvalho Vanessa , Samões Raquel , Freitas Joel , Chorão Rui , Ferreira Ana Marta , Brás Sandra , Lopes João , Ramalheira João , Lemos Carolina , Costa Paulo Pinho , Marinho António , da Silva Berta Martins , da Silva António Martins
Published: April 2023

Objective

Our objective was to study the relationship between epilepsy and autoimmune diseases in two different types of epilepsy: idiopathic generalized epilepsies (IGEs) and mesial temporal lobe epilepsy with hippocampal sclerosis (MTLE‐HS). The contribution of the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) system to this relationship was analyzed.

Methods

Adult patients with IGEs and MTLE‐HS at a tertiary epilepsy center were consecutively enrolled between January 2016 and December 2020.

Results

A total of 664 patients, 422 with IGEs and 242 with MTLE‐HS, were included. Patients with IGEs were 15 years younger, on average, than patients with MTLE‐HS (p < .001). The frequency of autoimmune diseases was 5.5% (n = 23) and 4.5% (n = 11) in patients with IGEs and MTLE‐HS, respectively (p = .716). The mean age of autoimmune disease onset was 20 ± 15.6 years in patients with IGEs and 36.7 ± 16.5 years in patients with MTLE‐HS (p < .05). Clinical manifestations of autoimmune diseases preceded epilepsy onset in 30.4% of patients with IGEs (i.e., in early childhood); in the other patients, epilepsy appeared before autoimmune disease onset. In all but one patient with MTLE‐HS and autoimmune diseases, the autoimmune diseases appeared after epilepsy onset from adolescence onward.

Significance

Our study indicates two relationship patterns: a bidirectional association between IGEs and autoimmune diseases and a unidirectional relationship between MTLE‐HS and autoimmune diseases. The involvement of genetic susceptibility factors (such as the HLA system), autoinflammatory mechanisms, female sex, and antiseizure medications in these relationships are discussed.
Ortho‐ and Retronasal stimulations with specific food odours: Hedonic and familiarity ratings are related to chemosensory pleasure scale (CPS) scores
Authors: Bontempi Charlotte , Corbelin Pauline , Brand Gérard , Jacquot Laurence
Published: April 2023

Volatile compounds can reach olfactory epithelium though the nose (orthonasal olfaction) or the mouth (retronasal olfaction). Although differences have been found between these two pathways in terms of odour sensitivity and identification, few studies have examined ortho‐ and retronasal differences taking into consideration the three main dimensions of olfactory perception (i.e. hedonicity, intensity and familiarity). Olfactory perception, and particularly odour hedonic perception, is influenced by several factors such as sex or age. Another variability factor worth considering, especially regarding food‐related odours, is the ability to experience pleasure simulated by smell or taste, which can be measured with the Chemosensory Pleasure Scale (CPS). Thus, the aims of this study were (1) to compare odour sensory ratings in response to ortho‐ and retronasal presentation and (2) to examine the relationship between CPS scores and odour sensory ratings in ortho‐ and retronasal pathways. Participants rated ten food odours in ortho‐ and retronasal conditions using visual analogue scales and were divided into two subgroups based on the median CPS score (CPS+ and CPS− groups). Results revealed similar sensory responses to food odours between ortho‐ and retronasal pathways for the three main dimensions of olfactory perception. Interestingly, when CPS scores were considered, clear differences in odour familiarity and hedonicity were shown, particularly for the retronasal pathway (i.e. odours were perceived as more pleasant and more familiar in CPS+ group than in CPS− group). Overall, these findings suggest that differences in odour perception between ortho‐and retronasal pathways may be related to specific individual characteristics such as chemosensory hedonic capacity.
Is a FASTHUG enough? Going beyond mnemonics for the next generation of pharmacy learners
Authors: Peters David M. , Jarrell Katherine L. , Johnson Mathew R. , Brophy Gretchen M.
Published: April 2023

Mnemonic devices are acronyms, abbreviations, or other learning tools that have been used for decades to memorize basic concepts. They are ubiquitous in teaching settings, including among intensive care unit (ICU) pharmacists, where the mnemonic FASTHUG (Feeding, Analgesia/Sedation, Thromboembolic prophylaxis, Head of bed, Ulcer prophylaxis, Glucose) is commonly cited. FASTHUG has existed since 2005 and serves as a reminder for key components of care for a critically ill patient. Due to the popularity of this acronym, multiple iterations have been created, where creative authors update, change, and/or add to the mnemonic. While FASTHUG is a unique learning tool with strengths for the entire care team, it has clear pitfalls when used in the pharmacy learning setting (i.e., during advanced practice rotations or for a postgraduate year 1 resident). This has led to the implementation of distinct mnemonic tools which are more specific to pharmacy interventions. The result is a myriad of published tools available for preceptors with limited data supporting their use in practice. A thorough understanding of the educational benefits of mnemonic devices paired with a recognition of their pitfalls can improve learning experiences. This review is designed to help preceptors understand the role of mnemonic devices and deploy them strategically for pharmacy learners. Furthermore, current pharmacy learners have different needs and characteristics when compared with other generations. This may alter the current students' level of comfort with utilizing mnemonics. Alternative teaching strategies that may be more beneficial for today's learners include technology and media utilization, scenario‐based discussions, and hands‐on application of mnemonics. Pharmacists who understand these variables can optimize their rotations and improve the learning experience for both themselves and their learners.
Magnetic resonance imaging approaches for studying mouse models of multiple sclerosis: A mini review
Authors: Gilli Francesca , Ceccarelli Antonia
Published: April 2023

Given that multiple sclerosis (MS) is a complex disease with an unclear etiology, a single animal model is unlikely to accurately represent all aspects of pathology and clinical features of the human condition. However, the availability of three major types of murine models of MS, that is, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), viral models, and toxic models, enables studies of several relevant features of this debilitating disease. Researchers have recently begun to combine magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) technologies with other experimental strategies to acquire complementary information, for example, anatomical and functional, and study the effect of experimental manipulations longitudinally in a noninvasive way. This review summarizes the latest MRI studies investigating critical aspects of MS, such as atrophy, demyelination, neuroaxonal damage, and neuroinflammation, in mouse models of MS. Advanced techniques will be briefly discussed, providing references to specialized literature for the readers. Thus, this review aims to describe different imaging protocols used to study critical aspects of MS in a research laboratory, discussing the main related findings in the most significant murine models of the disease.
Polybutadiene Dielectric Elastomers with High Dielectric Constant and Ultralow Dielectric Loss via Tuning Grafted Polar Groups
Authors: Mao Jie , Li Jing , Lin Wang , Luo Faliang
Published: April 2023

This work describes an easy and effective process for preparing a homogeneous polybutadiene (PB) dielectric elastomer with improved actuated strain by utilizing a photochemical thiol‐ene click reaction. The carboxyl groups and various ester groups are used for grafting on the PB. Since the length of the alkyl chains of the ester groups will significantly influence the polarities of the carbonyl groups and hydrogen bonding effect, the influence of polarity and hydrogen bonding effect on the dielectric properties and mechanical properties of the modified polybutadienes is carefully discussed. Very interestingly, it is found that the increment of dielectric constant of PB modified by carboxyl groups is the lowest one compared to other modified PBs with the ester groups. Meanwhile, the modified PBs with the ester groups could achieve pretty low dielectric loss factor, and finally, a high dielectric constant (3.6), low dielectric loss factor (0.0005), and large actuated strain (≈25%) of the modified polybutadienes could be achieved by the modified PBs with butyl acrylate groups. This work provides a simple and effective method for the designing and synthesizing of a homogeneous high electromechanical performance dielectric elastomer with high dielectric constant and low dielectric loss.
Complex cerebrovascular diseases in Roberts syndrome caused by novel biallelic ESCO2 variations
Authors: He Shuang , Chen Shuai , Li Shu‐Jian , Zhang Jie‐Wen , Liang Xin‐Liang
Published: April 2023

Objective

Roberts syndrome (RBS), also known as Roberts‐SC phocomelia syndrome, is a rare autosomal recessive developmental disorder caused by mutations in the ESCO2 gene. Cardinal clinical manifestations are pre‐ and postnatal growth retardation and craniofacial and limb malformations. Here, we report RBS in a Chinese adolescent with novel biallelic ESCO2 variations and complex cerebrovascular diseases.

Methods

Medical history, neurological examinations, neuroimaging, and pathology were collected in the proband and the family. Whole exome sequencing (WES) with copy number variation analysis was performed to screen for genetic variations.

Results

The clinical features of the proband were craniofacial and limb malformations together with complex cerebrovascular diseases. She suffered ischemic stroke at 6 years old and died of cerebellar hemorrhage secondary to an aneurysm at 13 years old. Besides, neuroimaging showed the triad of leukoencephalopathy, calcifications, and cysts. Brain histopathology revealed angiomatous changes and perivascular cysts suggesting chronic small cerebral vasculopathy. Whole exome sequencing (WES) identified novel biallelic variations in the ESCO2 gene (c.1220A>T, p.H407L and c.1562delC, p.A521fs).

Conclusions

We describe complex cerebrovascular diseases in Roberts syndrome caused by novel ESCO2 biallelic variations. This case expands not only the cerebral involvement in Roberts syndrome but also the disease spectrum of the neuroimaging triad with leukoencephalopathy, calcifications, and cysts.
Free superficial circumflex iliac artery perforator flow‐through flap transfer for reconstruction after excision of arteriovenous malformations of the hand: A case report
Authors: Katsushima Chihiro , Yamanaka Hiroki , Tsuge Itaru , Saito Susumu , Morimoto Naoki
Published: April 2023

The management of arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) of the hand remains challenging. When radical excision results in large defects of both soft tissue and vessels, flow‐through flap transfer is useful; however, flow‐through flap options for hand and digit reconstructions are limited. Herein, we describe the use of a superficial circumflex iliac artery perforator (SCIP) flow‐through flap after excision of an AVM of the hand. A 44‐year‐old female patient with an AVM of the hand required simultaneous reconstruction of soft tissue, vascular, and bone defects after radical excision of vascular lesions. A 6 × 15 cm SCIP flow‐through flap was transferred, and flow‐through vascular reconstruction was performed with flap vessels: the deep branch of the superficial circumflex iliac artery, superficial inferior epigastric artery, and superficial circumflex iliac vein. In addition, three bone holes in the proximal phalanx of the index finger were filled with iliac bone grafts. The postoperative course was uneventful, with good functional results 1 year after surgery. An SCIP flow‐through flap is an option for reconstruction after excision of AVMs of the hand because of its advantages, including minimal donor‐site morbidity, availability of multiple vessels suitable for anastomosis with hand vessels, and simultaneous availability of iliac bone grafts.
The Impact of Surgical Indication on Posttonsillectomy Hemorrhage: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Gutierrez Jorge A. , Shannon Christian M. , Nguyen Shaun A. , Labadie Robert F. , White David R.
Published: April 2023

Objective

To investigate the impact of the surgical indication on posttonsillectomy bleed rates.

Data Sources

PubMed, Scopus, CINAHL.

Review Methods

A systematic review was performed searching for articles published from the date of inception to July 6, 2022. English language articles describing posttonsillectomy hemorrhage rates in pediatric patients (age ≤ 18) stratified by indication were selected for inclusion. A meta‐analysis of proportions with comparison (Δ) of weighted proportions was conducted. All studies were assessed for risk of bias.

Results

A total of 72 articles with 173,970 patients were selected for inclusion. The most common indications were chronic/recurrent tonsillitis (CT/RT), obstructive sleep apnea/sleep‐disordered breathing (OSA/SDB), and adenotonsillar hypertrophy (ATH). Posttonsillectomy hemorrhage rates for CT/RT, OSA/SDB, and ATH were 3.57%, 3.69%, and 2.72%, respectively. Patients operated on for a combination of CT/RT and OSA/SDB had a bleed rate of 5.99% which was significantly higher than those operated on for CT/RT alone (Δ2.42%, p = .0006), OSA/SDB alone (Δ2.30%, p = .0016), and ATH alone (Δ3.27%, p < .0001). Additionally, those operated on for a combination of ATH and CT/RT had a hemorrhage rate of 6.93%, significantly higher than those operated on for CT/RT alone (Δ3.36%, p = .0003), OSA/SDB alone (Δ3.01%, p = .0014), and ATH alone (Δ3.98%, p < .0001).

Conclusion

Patients operated on for multiple indications had significantly higher rates of posttonsillectomy hemorrhage than those operated on for a single surgical indication. Better documentation of patients with multiple indications would help further characterize the magnitude of the compounding effect described here.
From fetus to neonate: A review of cardiovascular modeling in early life
Authors: May Robyn W. , Maso Talou Gonzalo D. , Clark Alys R. , Mynard Jonathan P. , Smolich Joseph J. , Blanco Pablo J. , Müller Lucas O. , Gentles Thomas L. , Bloomfield Frank H. , Safaei Soroush
Published: April 2023

Computational modeling has well‐established utility in the study of cardiovascular hemodynamics, with applications in medical research and, increasingly, in clinical settings to improve the diagnosis and treatment of cardiovascular diseases. Most cardiovascular models developed to date have been of the adult circulatory system; however, the perinatal period is unique as cardiovascular physiology undergoes drastic changes from the fetal circulation, during the birth transition, and into neonatal life. There may also be further complications in this period: for example, preterm birth (defined as birth before completed weeks of gestation) carries risks of short‐term cardiovascular instability and is associated with increased lifetime cardiovascular risk. Here, we review computational models of the cardiovascular system in early life, their applications to date and potential improvements and enhancements of these models. We propose a roadmap for developing an open‐source cardiovascular model that spans the fetal, perinatal, and postnatal periods.

This article is categorized under:

Cardiovascular Diseases > Computational Models

Cardiovascular Diseases > Biomedical Engineering

Congenital Diseases > Computational Models
Protective Effects of the Postbiotic Lactobacillus plantarum MD35 on Bone Loss in an Ovariectomized Mice Model
Authors: Myeong Ju-Yeong , Jung Hye-Yeon , Chae Hyo-Seok , Cho Hyang Hyun , Kim Don-Kyu , Jang You-Jee , Park Jae-Il
Published: April 2023

Postmenopausal osteoporosis is caused by estrogen deficiency, which impairs bone homeostasis, resulting in increased osteoclastic resorption without a corresponding increase in osteoblastic activity. Postbiotics have several therapeutic properties, including anti-obesity, anti-diabetic, anti-inflammatory, and anti-osteoporotic effects. However, the beneficial effects of the postbiotic MD35 of Lactobacillus plantarum on bone have not been studied. In this study, we demonstrated that the postbiotic L. plantarum MD35, isolated from young radish water kimchi, influences osteoclast differentiation in mouse bone marrow-derived macrophage (BMM) culture. In addition, it was effective protecting against estrogen deficiency-induced bone loss in ovariectomized (OVX) mice, an animal model of postmenopausal osteoporosis. In BMM cells, postbiotic MD35 inhibited the receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappa B of NF-κB ligand (RANKL)-induced osteoclast differentiation by attenuating the phosphorylation of extracellular signal-related kinase, significantly suppressing the resorption activity and down-regulating the expression of RANKL-mediated osteoclast-related genes. In the animal model, the oral administration of postbiotic MD35 remarkably improved OVX-induced trabecular bone loss and alleviated the destruction of femoral plate growth. Therefore, postbiotic MD35 could be a potential therapeutic candidate for postmenopausal osteoporosis by suppressing osteoclastogenesis through the regulation of osteoclast-related molecular mechanisms.
Searching for the Sculptor of France’s Caves
Authors: Duncombe Jenessa
Published: April 2023

Spelunking scientists searched for the original source of the French Pyrenees’ magnificent caves.
Back-to-Back Hurricanes Could Become Common by 2100
Authors: Scharping Nathaniel
Published: April 2023

New research shows back-to-back hurricanes could strike the United States every few years by 2100.
How Space Storms Miscue Train Signals
Authors: Stanley Sarah
Published: April 2023

Geomagnetic storms could significantly disrupt electrified train operations in the United Kingdom once every few decades, according to a new study.
Copper-catalyzed [3+2] annulation of O-acyl ketoximes with 2-aryl malonates for the synthesis of 3-aryl-4-pyrrolin-2-ones
Authors: Song Xiao-Qing , Qiang Xiao-Qi , Hu Zi-Jun , Lyu Xinyu , Tan Sheng , Yao Changsheng , Sun Yong-Qiang , Miao Chun-Bao , Yang Hai-Tao
Published: April 2023

A copper-catalyzed [3+2] annulation of O-acyl ketoximes with 2-aryl malonates for the concise synthesis of 3-aryl-4-pyrrolin-2-ones has been developed.
Anisotropic valence band dispersion of 2D molecular crystals of C6-DPA and its charge transport dependence
Authors: Wang Qingqing , Yang Jinpeng , Fahlman Mats , Liu Xianjie
Published: April 2023

2D molecular crystals (2DMCs) have been considered as an ideal platform to explore structure–property relationships, providing guidance on how to fabricate high-performance optoelectronic devices and how to design small molecules with desired properties.
pH-Induced reversible self-assembly of gold nanoparticles functionalized with self-complementary zwitterionic peptides for near-infrared photothermal antibacterial treatment
Authors: Qin Huimin , Yang Zhuo-Ran , Lv Niannian , Ma Teng , Du Kehan , Xiong Jingyi , Jiang Hao , Zhu Jintao
Published: April 2023

Self-complementary zwitterionic peptide-modified AuNPs with fully reversible disassembly/aggregation switches in response to pH changes exhibit broad spectrum and efficient photothermal antibacterial capacities.
What are lay UK public perceptions of frailty: a scoping review
Authors: Shafiq Shabana , Haith-Cooper Melanie , Hawkins Rebecca , Parveen Sahdia
Published: April 2023

Rationale and objective

Perceptions of frailty can influence how families cope, quality of life and access to support services. Yet little is known of how lay members of the UK general public perceive frailty. This scoping review aimed to explore how frailty is perceived among the lay public in the United Kingdom.

Methods

The established scoping review methodology by Arksey and O’Malley was followed and searches were conducted across eight electronic databases and grey literature websites for articles published between 1990 and August 2022. In total, 6,705 articles were identified, of which six were included in the review. Data were analysed using Braun and Clarke’s thematic analysis framework.

Results

Three key themes were identified; frailty as a normal part of ageing, perceived consequences of frailty and coping with frailty. Overall, frailty has negative connotations and is perceived as linked to a natural part of the ageing process, increased dependency, loss of identity and social exclusion and stigma. However, it is unclear whether these perceptions have a direct bearing on access to support services for communities.

Conclusion and implications

This review identifies that it is imperative for health and social care service providers to consider the individual meaning of frailty for older people and families, to understand and integrate their particular needs and preferences when planning and delivering person centred frailty care and support. There is also a need for development of interventions that focus on increasing education and reducing stigma around frailty in order to change frailty perceptions in the UK.
Divergent evolution of genetic sex determination mechanisms along environmental gradients
Authors: Schenkel Martijn A , Billeter Jean-Christophe , Beukeboom Leo W , Pen Ido
Published: April 2023

Sex determination (SD) is a crucial developmental process, but its molecular underpinnings are very diverse, both between and within species. SD mechanisms have traditionally been categorized as either genetic (GSD) or environmental (ESD), depending on the type of cue that triggers sexual differentiation. However, mixed systems, with both genetic and environmental components, are more prevalent than previously thought. Here, we show theoretically that environmental effects on expression levels of genes within SD regulatory mechanisms can easily trigger within-species evolutionary divergence of SD mechanisms. This may lead to the stable coexistence of multiple SD mechanisms and to spatial variation in the occurrence of different SD mechanisms along environmental gradients. We applied the model to the SD system of the housefly, a global species with world-wide latitudinal clines in the frequencies of different SD systems, and found that it correctly predicted these clines if specific genes in the housefly SD system were assumed to have temperature-dependent expression levels. We conclude that environmental sensitivity of gene regulatory networks may play an important role in diversification of SD mechanisms.
Accelerated curation of checkpoint inhibitor-induced colitis cases from electronic health records
Authors: Rahman Protiva , Ye Cheng , Mittendorf Kathleen F , Lenoue-Newton Michele , Micheel Christine , Wolber Jan , Osterman Travis , Fabbri Daniel
Published: April 2023

Objective

Automatically identifying patients at risk of immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI)-induced colitis allows physicians to improve patientcare. However, predictive models require training data curated from electronic health records (EHR). Our objective is to automatically identify notes documenting ICI-colitis cases to accelerate data curation.

Materials and Methods

We present a data pipeline to automatically identify ICI-colitis from EHR notes, accelerating chart review. The pipeline relies on BERT, a state-of-the-art natural language processing (NLP) model. The first stage of the pipeline segments long notes using keywords identified through a logistic classifier and applies BERT to identify ICI-colitis notes. The next stage uses a second BERT model tuned to identify false positive notes and remove notes that were likely positive for mentioning colitis as a side-effect. The final stage further accelerates curation by highlighting the colitis-relevant portions of notes. Specifically, we use BERT’s attention scores to find high-density regions describing colitis.

Results

The overall pipeline identified colitis notes with 84% precision and reduced the curator note review load by 75%. The segment BERT classifier had a high recall of 0.98, which is crucial to identify the low incidence (<10%) of colitis.

Discussion

Curation from EHR notes is a burdensome task, especially when the curation topic is complicated. Methods described in this work are not only useful for ICI colitis but can also be adapted for other domains.

Conclusion

Our extraction pipeline reduces manual note review load and makes EHR data more accessible for research.
ZFIRE  – The gas inflow inequality for satellite galaxies in cluster and field haloes at z = 2
Authors: Harshan Anishya , Tran Kim-Vy , Gupta Anshu , Kacprzak Glenn G , Nanayakkara Themiya
Published: April 2023

Gas inflow into galaxies should affect the star formation and hence the evolution of galaxies across cosmic time. In this work, we use TNG100 of the IllustrisTNG simulations to understand the role of environment on gas inflow rates in massive galaxies at z ≥ 2. We divide our galaxies (log (M⋆/M⊙) ≥ 10.5) into cluster ($\log \rm {M_{halo}/M_\odot }\ge 13$) and field ($\log \rm {M_{halo}/M_\odot } < 13$) galaxies at z = 2 and further divide into centrals and satellites. We track their gas inflow rates from z = 6 to 2, and find that the total gas inflow rates of satellite galaxies rapidly decline after their infall into cluster haloes as they reach the cluster centre. At z = 2, the gas inflow rate of cluster satellite galaxies is correlated with the cluster-centric radii and not the host halo mass. In contrast, the gas inflow rate in centre is strongly correlated with the host halo mass at z ≥ 2. Our study indicates that between redshifts 6 to 2, the gas that is normally accreted by the satellite galaxies, is redirected to the centre of the cluster halo as inflows to the cluster centrals and forming the intracluster medium. Our analysis suggest that the inequality of gas accretion between massive satellite and central galaxies is responsible for the starvation of cluster satellite galaxies that evolve into the massive quenched cluster galaxies observed at z < 0.5.
HST viewing of spectacular star-forming trails behind ESO 137-001
Authors: Waldron William , Sun Ming , Luo Rongxin , Laudari Sunil , Chatzikos Marios , Sivanandam Suresh , Kenney Jeffrey D P , Jáchym Pavel , Voit G Mark , Donahue Megan , Fossati Matteo
Published: April 2023

We present the results from the HST WFC3 and ACS data on an archetypal galaxy undergoing ram pressure stripping (RPS), ESO 137-001, in the nearby cluster Abell 3627. ESO 137-001 is known to host a prominent stripped tail detected in many bands from X-rays, H α to CO. The HST data reveal significant features indicative of RPS such as asymmetric dust distribution and surface brightness as well as many blue young star complexes in the tail. We study the correlation between the blue young star complexes from HST, H ii regions from H α (MUSE), and dense molecular clouds from CO (ALMA). The correlation between the HST blue star clusters and the H ii regions is very good, while their correlation with the dense CO clumps are typically not good, presumably due in part to evolutionary effects. In comparison to the starburst99 + cloudy model, many blue regions are found to be young (<10 Myr) and the total star formation (SF) rate in the tail is 0.3–0.6 M⊙ yr−1 for sources measured with ages less than 100 Myr, about 40 per cent of the SF rate in the galaxy. We trace SF over at least 100 Myr and give a full picture of the recent SF history in the tail. We also demonstrate the importance of including nebular emissions and a nebular to stellar extinction correction factor when comparing the model to the broad-band data. Our work on ESO 137-001 demonstrates the importance of HST data for constraining the SF history in stripped tails.
Impact of Treatment Sequencing on Overall Survival in Patients with Transplant-Ineligible Newly Diagnosed Myeloma
Authors: Fonseca Rafael , Facon Thierry , Hashim Mahmoud , Nair Sandhya , He Jianming , Ammann Eric , Lam Annette , Wildgust Mark , Kumar Shaji
Published: April 2023

Background

Because patients with newly diagnosed multiple myeloma (NDMM) do not always receive any treatment beyond first-line (1L) therapy, it is imperative that patients receive the best treatment in the 1L setting. However, the optimal initial treatment remains to be identified. We performed a clinical simulation to assess potential outcomes with different treatment sequences.

Patients and Methods

We used a partitioned survival model to compare overall survival (OS) with (1) daratumumab, lenalidomide, and dexamethasone (D-Rd) in 1L followed by a pomalidomide- or carfilzomib-based regimen in second line (2L) versus (2) bortezomib, lenalidomide, and dexamethasone (VRd) in 1L followed by a daratumumab-based regimen in 2L versus (3) lenalidomide and dexamethasone (Rd) in 1L followed by a daratumumab-based regimen in 2L. Probabilities of transition between health states (1L, 2L+, and death) were based on published clinical data and real-world data from the Flatiron Health database. The proportion of patients discontinuing treatment after 1L (attrition rates) in the base case was estimated with a binomial logistic model using data from the MAIA trial.

Results

Using D-Rd in 1L conferred a longer median OS compared with delaying daratumumab-based regimens until 2L after VRd or Rd, respectively (8.9 [95% CrI 7.58-10.42] vs. 6.92 [5.92-8.33] or 5.75 [4.50-7.25] years). Results of scenario analyses were consistent with the base case.

Conclusion

Our simulation, which incorporates clinically representative treatments and attrition rates, supports the use of D-Rd as initial therapy, rather than delaying the use of daratumumab until later lines of therapy, in patients with transplant-ineligible NDMM.
Food safety in vulnerable populations: A perspective on the challenges and solutions
Authors: Njoagwuani Esther Ibe , Onyeaka Helen , Mazi Ifeanyi Michael , Akegbe Hope , Oladunjoye Iyiola Olatunji , Ochulor Chidinma Ezinne , Omotosho Adeola Dolapo , Odeyemi Olumide A. , Nwaiwu Ogueri , Tamasiga Phemelo
Published: April 2023

Vulnerable populations are a particular group that are not capable of fending for themselves due to a number of limitations. Among many things, of particular concern is the food safety challenges faced by these individuals and the high risk of susceptibility to foodborne diseases. In this paper, an attempt is made to point out the various challenges faced by vulnerable populations that make them more susceptible to foodborne illness than other healthy adults. Also, the paper highlights possible improvement pathways through which these people can have access to safe and nutritious food, and the current interventional steps taken to address the food safety risk associated with food handling activities of food meant for vulnerable groups.
The timing of sleep spindles is modulated by the respiratory cycle in humans
Authors: Ghibaudo Valentin , Juventin Maxime , Buonviso Nathalie , Peter-Derex Laure
Published: April 2023

Coupling of sleep spindles with cortical slow waves and hippocampus sharp-waves ripples is crucial for sleep-related memory consolidation. Recent literature evidenced that nasal respiration modulates neural activity in large-scale brain networks. In the rodent, this respiratory drive strongly varies according to vigilance states. Particularly, during sleep, respiration promotes the coupling between hippocampal sharp-wave ripples and cortical DOWN/UP state transitions. However, no study has examined whether sleep spindles could be respiration-modulated in humans. In this work, we aimed to investigate the influence of breathing on brain oscillations during non-rapid-eye-movement stage 2 sleep (N2) in humans by examining the coupling between sleep spindles and respiration cycle. Full night polysomnography of twenty healthy participants were analysed. Spindles and slow waves were detected during N2 sleep stage. Spindle-related sigma power as well as spindle and slow waves events were analysed according to the respiratory phase. We found a significant coupling between slow and fast spindles with respiration cycle, with enhanced sigma activity and probability of occurrence of spindles during the middle part of the expiration phase. A different coupling was observed between breathing and slow waves that were more distributed around both respiration phase transitions. Our findings suggest that breathing cycle influences the dynamics of brain activity during non-rapid-eye-movement sleep. This may enable sleep spindles to synchronize with other brain rhythms including hippocampus sharp wave ripples and facilitate information transfer between distributed brain networks.
Efficient genetic editing of human intestinal organoids using ribonucleoprotein-based CRISPR
Authors: Skoufou-Papoutsaki Nefeli , Adler Sam , D’Santos Paula , Mannion Liz , Mehmed Shenay , Kemp Richard , Smith Amy , Perrone Francesca , Nayak Komal , Russell Alasdair , Zilbauer Matthias , Winton Douglas J.
Published: April 2023

Organoids are currently one of the most widely usedex vivomodels in epithelial biology. Combined with genetic editing strategies, organoids offer a promise of rapid and efficient investigation of gene function in many models of human disease. However, to date, the editing efficiency of organoids with the use of non-viral electroporation methods has been only up to 30%, with implications for the subsequent need for selection including including turnaround time and exhaustion or adaptation of the organoid population. Here, we describe an efficient method of intestinal organoid editing using a Ribonucleoprotein CRISPR-based approach. Editing efficiencies of up to 98% in target genes were robustly achieved across different anatomical gut locations and developmental timepoints from multiple patient samples with no off-target editing. The method allowed us to study the effect of the loss of the tumour suppressor gene,PTEN, in normal human intestinal cells. Analysis ofPTENdeficient organoids defined phenotypes that likely relate to its tumour suppressive functionin vivo, such as a proliferative advantage and increased organoid budding. Transcriptional profiling revealed differential expression of genes in pathways commonly known to be associated withPTENloss including mTORC1 activation.
When young adults preparing to enter the workforce find task support stressful: an investigation on individual differences and implications for human resource management
Authors: Nowak Krzysztof
Published: April 2023

Purpose

When young employees enter the workforce, young employees typically require extensive task support to perform well and adjust to the workplace setting. However, this support often incorporates controlling supervisor behaviors that can be stressful for them, such as negative feedback, close monitoring and time pressure. This can negatively impact young employees' turnover and work satisfaction. This article presents an empirical investigation of how individual differences related to self-regulation at work determine whether controlling supervisor behaviors are appraised as stressful by young adults preparing to enter the workforce.

Design/methodology/approach

In total, 315 university students completed the Survey of Activity Styles (SAS) along with items relating to dispositional traits related to self-regulation in the workplace and appraising controlling supervisor behaviors. A hierarchical regression approach was used to test the study's hypotheses.

Findings

The findings demonstrate that perceiving controlling supervisor behaviors as stressful by young adults preparing to enter the workforce depends on a combination of dispositional traits: emotional reactivity, extraversion and the need for achievement as well as preferences in structuring and completing tasks: multitasking and a methodical approach to tasks.

Practical implications

The study's results suggest that depending on individual characteristics, providing effective task support to young adults entering the workforce may require adjusting how the task support is provided or guiding and training on how to approach and organize work tasks.

Originality/value

Previous studies focused on the organizational and personal benefits of task support provided to young adults entering the workforce; the study demonstrates how individual differences linked to perceiving controlling supervisor behaviors can undermine these benefits.
English version of Japanese guidance for the use of oral Janus kinase inhibitors (JAK1 and TYK2 inhibitors) in the treatments of psoriasis
Authors: Saeki Hidehisa , Mabuchi Tomotaka , Asahina Akihiko , Abe Masatoshi , Igarashi Atsuyuki , Imafuku Shinichi , Okubo Yukari , Komine Mayumi , Takahashi Kenzo , Torii Hideshi , Morita Akimichi , Yotsuyanagi Hiroshi , Watanabe Akira , Ohtsuki Mamitaro ,   Committee for reviewing the safety of molecularly targeted drugs for psoriasis, Japanese Dermatological Association
Published: April 2023

This is the English version of Japanese guidance for the use of oral Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitors (JAK1 and tyrosine kinase 2 [TYK2] inhibitors) in the treatments of psoriasis. Several cytokines, such as interleukin (IL)‐6, IL‐7, IL‐12, IL‐21, IL‐22, IL‐23, interferon (IFN)‐α, and IFN‐γ, are involved in the pathogenesis of psoriasis (including psoriatic arthritis). As oral JAK inhibitors hinder the JAK‐signal transducers and activators of transcription signal transduction routes involved in the signal transduction of these cytokines, they may be effective for the treatment of psoriasis. JAK has four types: JAK1, JAK2, JAK3, and TYK2. Regarding the use of oral JAK inhibitors for the treatment of psoriasis in Japan, indications of the JAK1 inhibitor upadacitinib were extended also to psoriatic arthritis in 2021, and the use of the TYK2 inhibitor deucravacitinib for plaque‐type psoriasis, pustular psoriasis, and erythrodermic psoriasis became covered by health insurance in 2022. This guidance was developed for board‐certified dermatologists who specialize in the treatment of psoriasis and to promote the proper use of oral JAK inhibitors. In the package inserts and guides for appropriate use, upadacitinib and deucravacitinib are classified as a “JAK inhibitor” and a “TYK2 inhibitor”, respectively, and it is possible that there may be differences in safety between the two drugs. The safety of these drugs will be evaluated for the future by the postmarketing surveillance for molecularly targeted drugs for psoriasis of the Japanese Dermatological Association.
Landscape transcriptomics as a tool for addressing global change effects across diverse species
Authors: Keagy Jason , Drummond Chloe P. , Gilbert Kadeem J. , Grozinger Christina M. , Hamilton Jill , Hines Heather M. , Lasky Jesse , Logan Cheryl A. , Sawers Ruairidh , Wagner Tyler
Published: April 2023

Landscape transcriptomics is an emerging field studying how genome‐wide expression patterns reflect dynamic landscape‐scale environmental drivers, including habitat, weather, climate, and contaminants, and the subsequent effects on organismal function. This field is benefitting from advancing and increasingly accessible molecular technologies, which in turn are allowing the necessary characterization of transcriptomes from wild individuals distributed across natural landscapes. This research is especially important given the rapid pace of anthropogenic environmental change and potential impacts that span levels of biological organization. We discuss three major themes in landscape transcriptomic research: connecting transcriptome variation across landscapes to environmental variation, generating and testing hypotheses about the mechanisms and evolution of transcriptomic responses to the environment, and applying this knowledge to species conservation and management. We discuss challenges associated with this approach and suggest potential solutions. We conclude that landscape transcriptomics has great promise for addressing fundamental questions in organismal biology, ecology, and evolution, while providing tools needed for conservation and management of species.
Slow oscillation‐spindle cross‐frequency coupling predicts overnight declarative memory consolidation in older adults
Authors: Weiner Oren M. , O'Byrne Jordan , Cross Nathan E. , Giraud Julia , Tarelli Lukia , Yue Victoria , Homer Léa , Walker Katherine , Carbone Roxanne , Dang‐Vu Thien Thanh
Published: April 2023

Cross‐frequency coupling (CFC) between brain oscillations during non‐rapid‐eye‐movement (NREM) sleep (e.g. slow oscillations [SO] and spindles) may be a neural mechanism of overnight memory consolidation. Declines in CFC across the lifespan might accompany coinciding memory problems with ageing. However, there are few reports of CFC changes during sleep after learning in older adults, controlling for baseline effects. Our objective was to examine NREM CFC in healthy older adults, with an emphasis on spindle activity and SOs from frontal electroencephalogram (EEG), during a learning night after a declarative learning task, as compared to a baseline night without learning. Twenty‐five older adults (M [SD] age = 69.12 [5.53] years; 64% female) completed a two‐night study, with a pre‐ and post‐sleep word‐pair associates task completed on the second night. SO‐spindle coupling strength and a measure of coupling phase distance from the SO up‐state were both examined for between‐night differences and associations with memory consolidation. Coupling strength and phase distance from the up‐state peak were both stable between nights. Change in coupling strength between nights was not associated with memory consolidation, but a shift in coupling phase towards (vs. away from) the up‐state peak after learning predicted better memory consolidation. Also, an exploratory interaction model suggested that associations between coupling phase closer to the up‐state peak and memory consolidation may be moderated by higher (vs. lower) coupling strength. This study supports a role for NREM CFC in sleep‐related memory consolidation in older adults.
Field Evaluation of the Sentinel™ Integrative Passive Sampler for the Measurement of Perfluoroalkyl and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances in Water Using a Modified Organosilica Adsorbent
Authors: Edmiston Paul L. , Carter Erika , Toth Kevin , Hershberger Riley , Hill Noah , Versluis Patrick , Hollinden Patrick , Divine Craig
Published: April 2023

A passive sampler specifically designed to measure perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in water was tested in four study areas (Ellsworth and Peterson Air Force bases, CO and SD; the Ohio River, OH, WV, KY, IN; and the Santa Ana River, CA). Locations included both groundwater and surface water locations. Over the 2‐year study, 96 passive samplers were deployed at 33 sample locations and were compared with co‐collected grab samples, all of which were measured for 19 PFAS analytes by HPLC–MS/MS. Correlations were observed (typically within 2× difference) between aqueous PFAS concentrations measured by passive versus discrete grab samples across over 5 orders of magnitude in concentration (0.5 to 150,000 ng/L). Overall relative percent difference between grab and passive results displayed a median of 18% (interquartile range of −19 to 73%). Detection limits were around 1 ng/L for a 2‐week sampling time with sampling rates ranging from 12 to 70 mL/day in flowing systems. Duplicate samplers were deployed in all study areas which indicated a 14 to 42% (median 24%) relative standard deviation in the precision of passive sampling. Larger variances were seen with sites with higher and potentially more variable water flows. A sub‐set of duplicate samplers were measured by a commercial laboratory which returned equivalent data to research laboratory measurements (43 [±26 SD]% relative percent difference). Standardized protocols and calculation methods were developed to facilitate expanded testing and future broader use of passive sampling for PFAS by site investigators.