bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An Overview of Systematic Reviews of Using Chinese Medicine to Treat Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
Authors: Wang Linjing , Liang Runyu , Tang Qiang , Zhu Luwen
Published: May 2021

Objective. This review sought to evaluate the strength and validity of the existing evidence for the use of Chinese medicine for the treatment of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Methods. We retrieved systematic evaluations and meta-analyses of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) evaluating Chinese herbal interventions in polycystic ovaries, including the use of decoctions or Chinese patent medicines. The quality of these systematic evaluations was assessed using AMSTAR2 tools, and ovulation rate, pregnancy rate, effective rate, serum hormones (testosterone, luteinizing hormone, and follicle-stimulating hormone), and adverse reactions were recorded. Finally, the reliability of each result was evaluated according to the GRADE system. Data Sources. PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Wanfang Data, CQVIP, and SINOMED databases were searched up to January 1, 2021. Outcomes. A total of 18 publications were included, all of which showed that PCOS symptoms were improved with Chinese medicine compared with control groups. However, most of the evaluations did not have good research designs and had issues with the analysis of their results. The reliability of most outcome measures was rated low or very low, and it is presumed that the reliability of the results was low due to the poor quality of the RCTs. Conclusions. At present, there is insufficient evidence to suggest that improved efficacy is achieved by the combined use of Chinese and Western medicine compared with Western medicine alone in treating PCOS. Therefore, it is recommended that multicenter, large-sample RCTs adopting standard designs and rigorous methods be carried out in the future while introducing standardized assessment plans for the systematic review of clinical trials so as to improve the quality of the resulting clinical evidence.
Fast Training Logistic Regression via Adaptive Sampling
Authors: Song Yunsheng , Kong Xiaohan , Huang Shuoping , Zhang Chao
Published: May 2021

Logistic regression has been widely used in artificial intelligence and machine learning due to its deep theoretical basis and good practical performance. Its training process aims to solve a large-scale optimization problem characterized by a likelihood function, where the gradient descent approach is the most commonly used. However, when the data size is large, it is very time-consuming because it computes the gradient using all the training data in every iteration. Though this difficulty can be solved by random sampling, the appropriate sampled examples size is difficult to be predetermined and the obtained could be not robust. To overcome this deficiency, we propose a novel algorithm for fast training logistic regression via adaptive sampling. The proposed method decomposes the problem of gradient estimation into several subproblems according to its dimension; then, each subproblem is solved independently by adaptive sampling. Each element of the gradient estimation is obtained by successively sampling a fixed volume training example multiple times until it satisfies its stopping criteria. The final estimation is combined with the results of all the subproblems. It is proved that the obtained gradient estimation is a robust estimation, and it could keep the objective function value decreasing in the iterative calculation. Compared with the representative algorithms using random sampling, the experimental results show that this algorithm obtains comparable classification performance with much less training time.
Development and Validation of a Comprehensive Genomics Knowledge Scale
Authors: Linderman Michael D. , Suckiel Sabrina A. , Thompson Nathan , Weiss David J. , Roberts J. Scott , Green Robert C.
Published: May 2021

Background: Genomic testing is increasingly employed in clinical, research, educational, and commercial contexts. Genomic literacy is a prerequisite for the effective application of genomic testing, creating a corresponding need for validated tools to assess genomics knowledge. We sought to develop a reliable measure of genomics knowledge that incorporates modern genomic technologies and is informative for individuals with diverse backgrounds, including those with clinical/life sciences training. Methods: We developed the GKnowM Genomics Knowledge Scale to assess the knowledge needed to make an informed decision for genomic testing, appropriately apply genomic technologies and participate in civic decision-making. We administered the 30-item draft measure to a calibration cohort (n = 1,234) and subsequent participants to create a combined validation cohort (n = 2,405). We performed a multistage psychometric calibration and validation using classical test theory and item response theory (IRT) and conducted a post-hoc simulation study to evaluate the suitability of a computerized adaptive testing (CAT) implementation. Results: Based on exploratory factor analysis, we removed 4 of the 30 draft items. The resulting 26-item GKnowM measure has a single dominant factor. The scale internal consistency is α = 0.85, and the IRT 3-PL model demonstrated good overall and item fit. Validity is demonstrated with significant correlation (r = 0.61) with an existing genomics knowledge measure and significantly higher scores for individuals with adequate health literacy and healthcare providers (HCPs), including HCPs who work with genomic testing. The item bank is well suited to CAT, achieving high accuracy (r = 0.97 with the full measure) while administering a mean of 13.5 items. Conclusion: GKnowM is an updated, broadly relevant, rigorously validated 26-item measure for assessing genomics knowledge that we anticipate will be useful for assessing population genomic literacy and evaluating the effectiveness of genomics educational interventions.
Defining Outcomes of Tuberculosis (Treatment): From the Past to the Future
Authors: Günther Gunar , Heyckendorf Jan , Zellweger Jean Pierre , Reimann Maja , Claassens Mareli , Chesov Dumitru , van Leth Frank
Published: May 2021

Untreated active tuberculosis (TB) has a very high long-term mortality. Treatment of TB reduces mortality dramatically and should maximize cure, preventing ongoing transmission and TB sequelae. However, predicting the risk of failure and relapse is crucial for the management of individual patients and for the evaluation of effectiveness of programs. Various outcome definitions for drug-sensitive and drug-resistant TB were developed, implemented, and endorsed since introduction of TB chemotherapy by the World Health Organization (WHO), mostly based on culture and smear results. They should be applicable for individual patient care, surveillance, and research. Definitions with focus on program evaluation differ from definitions to evaluate the efficacy and effectiveness of regimens. Lack of sputum production at the later stage of treatment reduces the easy applicability of current definitions. Definitions of failure and cure are sometimes difficult to apply. Alternative approaches suggest culture positivity at 6 months or more of treatment as an indicator for failure. New definitions for cure including a relapse-free period posttreatment and reduced number of culture and smear results are considered. Increasing variation and individualization of treatment and its duration urgently require new approaches using pathogen- or host-specific biomarkers, which indicate risk of failure and define cure. Such biomarkers are under evaluation but still far from translation in clinical routine practice.
Uma abordagem interacionista para o estudo do papel das relações de discurso na construção conjunta de imagens identitárias
Authors: Cunha Gustavo Ximenes
Published: May 2021

Neste trabalho, apresentamos uma abordagem para o estudo do papel que as relações de discurso (justificativa, concessão, exemplificação, comentário, condição etc.) exercem na negociação de imagens identitárias (faces e territórios). Partindo, em especial, de contribuições da abordagem constituída em torno de Eddy Roulet para o estudo da organização do discurso, entendemos que o locutor, estabelecendo relações, busca produzir uma intervenção que possa ser avaliada pelo/s interlocutor/es como suficientemente adequada, ou seja, como obediente às regras de conduta que subjazem à interação e, portanto, como não ofensiva das faces e dos territórios em jogo. Nessa perspectiva, as relações de discurso constituem um recurso que permite ao locutor tentar antecipar-se a possíveis objeções do/s interlocutor/es, bloqueando-as e, com isso, direcionando o curso do processo de coordenação de ações. À luz dessa abordagem, analisamos o excerto de uma sessão ocorrida no Supremo Tribunal Federal (STF).
Posições responsivas como indício de autoria na escrita de pós-graduandos
Authors: Bessa José Cezinaldo Rocha
Published: May 2021

Os modos como estudantes em formação na pós-graduação expressam uma configuração autoral em seus escritos científicos se inscrevem em um campo aberto a múltiplas problematizações e reflexões de pesquisadores das ciências da linguagem e da educação. Em vista disso, nosso objetivo, neste trabalho, é lançar olhares investigativos sobre as configurações autorais que se concretizam em produções científicas de jovens pesquisadores, buscando mais especificamente analisar a manifestação de posições responsivas como indícios de autoria. Como aporte teórico, recorremos às reflexões do pensamento do Círculo de Bakhtin (Bakhtin, 2003, 2010, 2016a, 2016b, 2017a, 2017b; Volóchinov, 2017); e a trabalhos de estudiosos (Boch, 2013; Delcambre, 2013, dentre outros) que abordam a escrita acadêmico-científica. Do ponto de vista metodológico, nossa investigação caracteriza-se como uma pesquisa de natureza interpretativa e de abordagem qualitativa. O corpus de análise é constituído de 10 (dez) artigos científicos de estudantes de mestrado da área de Linguística. As análises apontam que os estudantes de mestrado do contexto investigado expressam uma configuração autoral marcada sobretudo por posições responsivas que indicam compartilhamento de ideias, reprodução de dizeres e adesão às posições dos autores citados.
Templates silábicos no Português do Príncipe: processos em coda e ‘prevalência’ de sílabas CV
Authors: Balduino Amanda
Published: May 2021

Este artigo discute a silabificação no Português do Príncipe (PP), variedade da língua portuguesa falada em Santo Antônio do Príncipe, em São Tomé e Príncipe. Focaremos, para tanto, na coda. Apresentamos, inicialmente, os templates silábicos do PP, indicando os segmentos licenciados nos diferentes constituintes da sílaba. Após isso, fazemos o levantamento de alguns processos fonológicos, cujo domínio é a coda. Com base em um corpus de fala espontânea, verificamos que a coda, no PP, pode ser preenchida, com múltiplas realizações fonéticas de um rótico /r/, uma sibilante /S/, uma lateral /l/ ou mesmo abarcar uma nasal subespecificada /N/, da mesma forma que é previsto para outras variedades do português como a brasileira e a europeia. Processos fonológicos que têm a coda como domínio de aplicação e as consoantes /r/, /S/ e /l/ como alvo também foram observados: apagamentos, velarização, vocalização e posteriorização. O levantamento de tais fenômenos, no PP, corrobora uma concepção hierárquica para tratamento da estrutura silábica do PP e indica a atuação de duas trajetórias gramaticais paradoxais: a prevalência de sílabas CV fomentada por apagamentos e lenição segmentais, em que sílabas fechadas se adaptam em sílabas abertas, e a emergência de estruturas silábicas complexas, promovidas pela ressilabificação de /S/.
Beta‐Blocker Use Is Associated With Prevention of Left Ventricular Remodeling in Recovered Dilated Cardiomyopathy
Authors: Enzan Nobuyuki , Matsushima Shouji , Ide Tomomi , Kaku Hidetaka , Tohyama Takeshi , Funakoshi Kouta , Higo Taiki , Tsutsui Hiroyuki
Published: May 2021

Background

Withdrawal of optimal medical therapy has been reported to relapse cardiac dysfunction in patients with dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) whose cardiac function had improved. However, it is unknown whether beta‐blockers can prevent deterioration of cardiac function in those patients. We examined the effect of beta‐blockers on left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) in recovered DCM.

Methods and Results

We analyzed the clinical personal record of DCM, a national database of the Japanese Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare, between 2003 and 2014. Recovered DCM was defined as a previously documented LVEF <40% and a current LVEF ≥40%. Patients with recovered DCM were divided into 2 groups according to the use of beta‐blockers. A one‐to‐one propensity case‐matched analysis was used. The primary outcome was defined as a decrease in LVEF >10% at 2 years of follow‐up. Of 5370 eligible patients, 4104 received beta‐blockers. Propensity score matching yielded 1087 pairs. Mean age was 61.9 years, and 1619 (74.5%) were men. Mean LVEF was 49.3±8.2%, and median B‐type natriuretic peptide was 46.6 (interquartile range, 18.0–118.1) pg/mL. The primary outcome was observed less frequently in the beta‐blocker group than in the no‐beta‐blocker group (19.6% versus 24.0%; odds ratio [OR], 0.77; 95% CI, 0.63–0.95;
P
=0.013). Subgroup analysis demonstrated that female patients (women: OR, 0.54; 95% CI, 0.36–0.81; men: OR, 0.88; 95% CI, 0.69–1.12;
P
for interaction=0.040) were benefited by beta‐blockers.

Conclusions

Beta‐blocker use could prevent deterioration of left ventricular systolic function in patients with recovered DCM.
Therapeutic Stalemate in Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction
Authors: Samson Rohan , Le Jemtel Thierry H.
Published: May 2021

The findings of randomized trials of neurohormonal modulation have been neutral in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction and consistently positive in heart failure with reduced ejection. Left ventricular remodeling promotes the development and progression of heart failure with preserved and reduced ejection fraction. However, different stimuli mediate left ventricular remodeling that is commonly concentric in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction and eccentric in heart failure with reduced ejection. The stimuli that promote concentric left ventricular remodeling may account for the neutral findings of neuhormonal modulation in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction. Low‐grade systemic inflammation‐induced microvascular endothelial dysfunction is currently the leading hypothesis behind the development and progression of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction. The hypothesis provided the rationale for several randomized controlled trials that have led to neutral findings. The trials and their limitations are reviewed.
“The Quiet Affection in Their Eyes”
Authors: Verkerk Dorothy
Published: May 2021

Since the nineteenth century, Bernhard Plockhorst’s Jesus as the Good Shepherd has enjoyed great popularity and is reproduced in a wide variety of media, appearing in American homes, schools, and churches and even Hollywood sets. Jesus as a Good Shepherd is traced to the early Christian period through the fourth century when he disappears from the iconographic lexicon. He regains popularity during the Protestant Reformation as a didactic tool. Resurging once again in the nineteenth and twentieth century, this Good Shepherd is markedly different from his historical iterations. Tracking visual comparanda and textual sources, the Plockhorst Good Shepherd emerges as a figure that engenders strong emotions of love, protection, and community only possible in a post-agricultural society.
Chinweizu’s Assumptions of Women’s Power in Anatomy of Female Power: A Critique
Authors: God’spresence Emily Oghale
Published: May 2021

Culturally speaking, the African woman is saddled with onerous responsibilities that perpetually put her at a disadvantage over her male counterpart. Ranging from the kitchen to child bearing, care giving and child rearing to the farm and market and many more, the African woman spends her life playing the motherly role with its numerous sacrifices attached. Meanwhile, she is acquired by her man through the customary “bride price” to become a wife, and more so, she is disregarded by society if she does not have children. When she is not educated, or she gets impregnated and drops out of school, she assumes the status of a house wife and child-breeder, while her male counterpart continues his education. Most women depend on their husbands for financial support and also some go the extra mile to assume the responsibility of breadwinning when their husbands are faced with financial challenges. Nevertheless, a woman’s educational training is a potent weapon for her liberation. Against this background, this study critically assesses Chinweizu’s assumptions of female power in Anatomy of Female Power in the context of prevalent cultural practices to ascertain the true position of today’s African woman viś-a-viś existing patriarchal hegemony in the Nigerian society. To this end, Feminist Theory serves as the theoretical framework for this discourse. This article examines the kinds or nature of female power that exists through Chinweizu’s evaluation of women’s role in their marital home which could transcend into political and cultural powers when harnessed. This study concludes by stating that women’s perceived powers are natural roles due to their biology which may not indeed be considered as powers however, if given favourable conditions, they can become a potent force in exercising female leadership in society.
Power-with and Power-to and Building Asian Studies in Africa: Insights from the Field
Authors: Adu Amoah Lloyd G. , Quame Nelson
Published: May 2021

Taking seriously Chinweizu’s (2004) call for Asian Studies in Africa this article examines the ways in which African Asianist scholars with their partners elsewhere decided to take counterhegemonic action, and how their approach differs from the status quo as a prefigurative politics of power-with society they seek. This work explores the establishment of Centres for Asian Studies in Africa as institutional actors in the counter-hegemonic project of decolonization. The processes that led to the setting up of the Centre for Asian Studies (the first in Black Africa excepting South Africa) at the University of Ghana serve as a case study. The article utilizes information gathered through the authors’ ongoing participation over the last eight years in the ideational, organizational, logistical, financial and institution building moves that are aiding the establishment of an ultimately emancipatory Asian Studies in Africa research framework. To establish the contextual challenge, the article engages discursively with how hegemony (power-over) functions within Global North/Western/modern research agendas, funding, and institutions; and explains how and why its colonial project is most evident in Area Studies in particular. The work concludes with pointers on how these moves for building Centres for Asian studies in Africa may be useful for other institutional intellectual decolonial efforts.
Justification in the Heidelberg Catechism
Authors: Joo Sungkyu
Published: May 2021

This essay demonstrates that the reference, in Q 60 of the Heidelberg Catechism, to Christ’s satisfaction, righteousness, and holiness does not embrace Beza’s twofold imputation but the Reformers’ repetitive concept of imputation that implies Christ’s subjection to the law of creation and the twofold eternal life, so that the Catechism implicitly teaches the Imputation of the Active Obedience of Christ (hereinafter IAOC). Compared to the previous studies, which have the disadvantages of applying Beza’s twofold imputation or Pareus’s repetitive interpretation to HC 60, this essay examines whether the Catechism might support or deny the IAOC with a significant consideration of the robust evidence both in the Catechism itself and in the sixteenth-century historical context. In conclusion, the Catechism, though not employing Beza’s twofold imputation, embraces both Christ’s subjection to the law of creation and the twofold eternal life supported by other Reformers, so that it entails and affirms the IAOC in its own moderate and systematic manner of the sixteenth-century historical context.
The Third Use of the Law
Authors: Jeon Heejoon
Published: May 2021

Some scholars have contrasted Calvin’s and Edwards’s understanding regarding the third use of the law. They believe that Calvin emphasized the third use of the law for believers’ sanctification and that there is no room for virtue ethics in Calvin’s theology, while Edwards’s ethics is virtue ethics and there is no room for the third use of the law in Edwards’s theology. In contrast, this article uncovers that both Calvin’s and Edwards’s ethics combine features of both virtue ethics and divine command ethics. Accordingly, Edwards holds the same view as Calvin regarding the third use of the law.
The Missionary in the World: The Invention of the Soul of Saint Francis Xavier in an Anonymous Sermon: The East, Quito and Rome, 18th Century
Authors: Gaune Rafael , Montt Strabucchi Maria
Published: May 2021

The discovery of an anonymous Quito Sermon dating back to 1741 in the Fondo Curia 2223 in the Archives of the Pontifical Gregorian University of Rome dealing with the historical and metaphorical transit between Rome and the “Orient” of the Jesuit missionary Francis Xavier (1506–52), suggests links between the universalist vocation of the Catholic mission, and the local American missionary experiences which the text omits. This article argues that the sermon has a universal resonance that invokes the East in America (as it is written to be read in public); it is a sensory experience that can be adapted to different realities (the trips, relics, and missions of Francis Xavier), but also noted is the omission of local missionary practices (i.e., the sermon is presented as produced in a place unmentioned in the text). It is above all, a reformulation of the “missionary in the world” of Western philosophical commentaries and texts that look toward the East but are enunciated in America.
Turangawaewae as the Means of Moving from Migrant to Mission Worker: Identification Strategies in Embracing the Context and the People
Authors: Weyers Mario
Published: May 2021

Moving into cross-cultural and multi-cultural missions are not for the faint-hearted. The history of missions teaches us that many who were called did not survive to see the fruit of their labour. That was in facing physical trials and death. But for too many Post-Christendom missionaries their country of call becomes their emotional graveyard. This happens when they struggle with psychological barriers to entering and even re-entering the foreign country and culture where they serve. The importance of establishing a spiritual bond with the foreign land and the local people cannot be overstated. This brings about a shift in valuing oneself as not merely a temporarily ‘migrant’ worker but a called missionary. What are those factors that can support foreign missionaries in their psychological struggles during their initial phase of adapting to their new environment?
Missional Christian Communities in Conditions of Marginality: On Finding a ‘Missional Existence’ in the Post-Christian West
Authors: Paas Stefan
Published: May 2021

There is a particular vulnerability to mission in the secularized societies of Western Europe. Much of this has to do with a loss of confidence, which hinders participation in the mission of God. This article presents an analysis of this vulnerability that comes from a loss of heart, and it offers possible solutions for a bold minority mission as participation in the missio Dei. This includes the de-instrumentalization of mission and rooting it in a doxological approach. Furthermore, the biblical metaphors of exile and priesthood are explored to redefine what it means to do mission from a position of joyful weakness.
Ethnic Cleansing and Diplomacy: A View of the Greek-Turkish Exchange of Populations of 1923–24 from the US National Archives
Authors: Aktar Ayhan
Published: May 2021

This article is on the diplomatic processes leading to the decision to exchange populations between Greece and Turkey during the peace negotiations at the Lausanne Conference in 1923. The US National Archives has rich and hitherto unexploited archival material that encompasses the correspondence between Istanbul, Athens and the US Department of State. As the Turkish Ministry of Foreign Affairs Archives is still closed to researchers, US diplomatic correspondence gives a clear picture of how Greek and Turkish statesmen, as well as intermediaries such as the representatives of the League of Nations, developed and accomplished the idea of population exchange in 1922–23.
Eight new species of Globba (Zingiberaceae) from Thailand and Lao PDR

Authors: SANGVIROTJANAPAT SUNISA , NEWMAN M.F.
Published: May 2021

Eight new species of Globba from Thailand and Lao PDR are described and illustrated; Globba chrysantha, G. janae, G. larsenii, G. longiligulata, G. luteola, G. mollis, G. poomae, and G. rupestris. Distribution maps and provisional IUCN assessments of each species are provided.
Parapharyngodon hispidus n. sp. (Nematoda: Pharyngodonidae) in Tropidurus hispidus (Spix) (Squamata: Tropiduridae) from Caatinga Biome of the Vale do São Francisco, state of Pernambuco, Brazil with a key for the Neotropical species of the genus Parapharyngodon Chatterji
Authors: FERREIRA ANTONIO CARLOS SANTOS , VIEIRA FABIANO MATOS , DA SILVA DIEGO CÉSAR NUNES , RIBEIRO LEONARDO BARROS , FERREIRA JAYELEN ALVES , MUNIZ-PEREIRA LUÍS CLÁUDIO
Published: May 2021

One species of Parapharyngodon Chatterji (Nematoda: Pharyngodonidae), parasitizing the large intestine of Tropidurus hispidus (Spix) (Squamata: Tropiduridae) in Caatinga biome from Brazil is described and illustrated . This new species differs from a part of its congeners by a set of characters in males: the presence of four pairs of caudal papillae, unpaired post cloacal papilla absent, and smooth anterior cloacal lip. Among the Parapharyngodon species with four pairs caudal papillae, unpaired post clocal papilla absent, and smooth cloacal lips, only P. hispidus n. sp. and P. jairaipurii Rizvi & Bursey (Oriental realm), features the same characteristics including sharp pointed tip of spicule, stout terminus or spike of tail of females, and punctate ornamentation of the eggshell. However, these two species are different by the size of spicules (spicules of P. jairaipuri are around 55% of the size spicules of P. hispidus n. sp.); and the arrangement of the caudal papillae (two pairs of adcloacal papillae in P. jaraipuri which are absent in P. hispidus n. sp.). Parapharyngodon hispidus n. sp. is the 55th species assigned to the genus and the 11th species of this genus described in Neotropical hosts.
Funny Money Circulation and Fabric Exports From China to Dubai Through Indian Trading Networks
Authors: Cheuk Ka-Kin
Published: May 2021

Chiefly drawing on my ethnographic fieldwork in the district of Keqiao in Zhejiang Province since 2009, I argue that irregular financial transactions—conceptualized as “funny money” in this article—play a significant role in the sustenance of otherwise tenuous business relations between Indian traders and Chinese suppliers in the China–Dubai fabric trade. Much of the fabric exported from Keqiao to Dubai relies on intertwined formal and informal transactions operated by Indian trading networks. These labyrinthine transnational funny money transactions aim to circumvent institutional hurdles and overcome deficiencies in operating capital, yet inherent to this system is a cycle of payment lags that cause tense relations between payers and payees. Funny money transactions facilitate eventual payment in most cases most of the time and maintain enough trust to keep the trade network alive. Furthermore, the interlocking circuits of funny money also prevent the overaccumulation of wealth and power by any particular stakeholder involved in the international trade and defy or at least circumvent the formal political authority of state and financial institutions that seek to curtail such practices. These transactions thereby create a larger space for business survival among the grassroots players, especially Indian traders who may not have enough capital available when they initiate a deal with a Chinese supplier.
Funny Money or Legitimate Finance? Shadow Banking and Policy Impacts in China
Authors: Hsu Sara , Han Xun
Published: May 2021

Government officials in China have taken different views regarding shadow banking. Some have seen the industry as overly risky, potentially undermining the formal financial system, while others have asserted that it is an increasingly important part of the financial system, filling a gap in finance provision to particular sectors and smaller firms. Do their views matter? Regulators have striven to crack down on the riskiest practices in shadow banking, but are the policies effective? In this article, we analyze the impact of government attitudes and actions on the shadow banking sector. Using a unique data set based on information collected from various sources in a difference-in-difference model, we find that shadow banking regulation plays a strong role in China’s financial sector, while contradictory government views (in the form of commentary in the People’s Daily) on shadow banking do not. This reveals that shadow banking is strongly affected by political authority when it is codified into regulation. Only some aspects of shadow banking can be legitimized through regulation, while the remainder of China’s financial system remains constrained due to state dominance over the financial sector. This underscores the “funny” nature of shadow banking’s money flows. This article is one of the first to study the effects of government views and regulations on the shadow banking system.
Observations on Use of the N-Word in Psychoanalytic Conferences
Authors: Rao Jyoti M.
Published: May 2021

In a frequently repeated group phenomenon, a racial slur is spoken in psychoanalytic conferences, after which a range of defensive responses emerge to counter acknowledgment of the meanings of having done so. After a discussion of the literature relevant to the use of slurs in psychoanalytic professional settings, Freud’s concept of Nachträglichkeit, or deferred action, is used to identify and explore these events as a series of discriminatory gestures that evoke racial trauma. The defensive responses that emerge to protect the use of these gestures indicate ties to the traumatic legacy of slavery and to white supremacy as it appears in contemporary psychoanalytic culture. “Gestures of the open hand” are proposed, and their profound reparative potential is discussed. The intimate link between epistemic justice and psychoanalytic endeavors is delineated.
Underutilization of Acetaminophen in Older Adult Trauma Patients
Authors: Haines Krista L. , Fuller Matthew , Antonescu Ioana , Vaughan Justin G. , Raghunathan Karthik , Cox Christopher E. , Bartz Raquel R. , Ohnuma Tetsu , Agarwal Suresh , Krishnamoorthy Vijay
Published: May 2021

Introduction

Older adults are more vulnerable to opioid-associated morbidity. The purpose of this study was to determine the frequency and timing of acetaminophen and opioid use in the postoperative period.

Methods

Older adult trauma patients (≥65 years) with hip fractures requiring femur or hip fixation were reviewed (Premier Database 2008-2014). We examined rates of acetaminophen use on the day of surgery and prior to receipt of oral opioids. Mixed-effects linear regression models were used to examine the effects of an acetaminophen-first approach on opioid use the day prior to and on the day of discharge.

Results

Of the 192 768 patients, 81.6% were Caucasian; 74.0% were female; and the mean age was 82.0 years [± 7.0]. Only 16.8% (32 291) of patients received acetaminophen prior to being prescribed opioids. 27.4% (52 779) received an acetaminophen-opioid combination, and 9.2% (17 730) received opioids without acetaminophen first. Acetaminophen first was associated with reduced opioid use on the day prior to and on the day of discharge (3.52 parenteral morphine equivalent doses (PMEs) less [95% CI: 3.33, 3.70]; P < .0001). A statistically but not clinically significant reduction in length of stay was observed in the acetaminophen-first group.

Conclusion

Nearly 37% of older adult patients did not receive acetaminophen as first-line analgesia after hip surgery. Multimodal analgesia, including non-opioid medications as first-line, should be encouraged.
Appendicitis in an Appendicostomy
Authors: Bosley Maggie E. , Stutsrim Ashlee E. , Gross Jessica L.
Published: May 2021

A 25-year-old man presented with right lower quadrant abdominal wall erythema, a punctum of purulence, and localized pain at the site of a previous appendicostomy. Cross-sectional imaging revealed appendicitis at his previous appendicostomy with a fecalith near the skin. He was managed with appendectomy. The surgical approach mimicked a loop ileostomy reversal by circumferentially dissecting the tissue around the appendicostomy to the level of the fascia and then dividing the appendix at the base of the cecum through a small two-centimeter incision. Appendicitis in a previous appendicostomy is uncommon and has only been described in three previous case reports (two adults and one child) and was surgically approached through a low-midline laparotomy. Our case is unique as it is an uncommon presentation of a common disease managed with a minimally invasive approach not previously described.
Minimally Invasive Surgery for Median Arcuate Ligament Syndrome and Celiac Artery Stenosis
Authors: Warshel McKenzie , Curfman Karleigh R. , Nannapaneni Siddhartha R. , Patel Nilesh , Duke D’Arcy N.
Published: May 2021

Median arcuate ligament syndrome (MALS) is a pathology commonly reported in educational literature, although in reality it is scarcely seen. Herein, we present the case of a 48-year-old female patient who presented with nausea, vomiting, and unintentional weight loss. After thorough work up of her symptoms through a variety of different modalities, MALS was confirmed and she underwent surgical release via a minimally invasive approach. The authors of this article feel that this case is important to present due to paucity of reported cases in the literature. In addition, this patient was exceptionally unique to report as we selected to perform a slight adaptation of a minimally invasive approach, while there are multiple different treatment techniques and management plans that have previously been described in a variety of different literatures and require further discussion.
A Novel Approach for the Treatment of Sialolithiasis that Preserves Salivary Duct Anatomy
Authors: Şengör Gani Atilla , Bilgili Ahmet Mert
Published: May 2021

Objective:

The sialendoscopy era in the treatment of salivary gland stones has reduced the use of classical surgical methods. However, the miniature ducts and tools may cause difficulties in removing large sialoliths. Therefore, invasive combined oral surgeries or gland resection may be considered. We searched for the most suitable method in order to stay in line with the minimally invasive approach that preserves the ductus anatomy, and that can reduce the surgical fears of patients.

Materials and Methods:

The study included 84 cases (23 parotid and 61 submandibular) in whom stones were fragmented by pneumatic lithotripsy and removed between January 2015 and January 2020. The parotid cases comprised 7 females and 16 males, and the submandibular cases comprised 25 females and 36 males. Intraductal lithotripsy was performed using pneumatic lithotripter. This study has fourth level of evidence.

Results:

Based on total number of cases (n = 84), success rate was 67/84 (79.7%) immediately after sialendoscopy, and overall success rate was 77/84 (91.6%). Based on number of stones treated (n = 111), our immediate success rate was 94/111 (84.6%), and overall success rate was 104/111 (93.7%). The success criteria were complete removal of the stone and fragments in a single sialendoscopy procedure and resolution of symptoms.

Conclusions:

We successfully treated salivary gland stones, including L3b stones, in our patient cohort with sialendoscopy combined with pneumatic lithotripsy. The lithotripsy method that we have adapted seems to be more useful and cost-effective compared to its alternatives. We were also able to preserve the ductus anatomy and relieve patients’ concerns. Level of Evidence: Level IV
A Lanthanide Complex Fluorescent Probe for the Detection of Melamine
Authors: Li Xiaolin , Ma Chaoqun , Li Lei , Gao Hui , Gu Jiao , Zhu Chun , Wu Yamin , Guo Senqi , Wei Yitao , Wang Guoyu , Wang Zirui , Chen Guoqing
Published: May 2021

Melamine has been illegally adulterated in dairy food because of the rich nitrogen content and stable chemical properties in recent years. Therefore, the detection of melamine is of great significance for food safety supervision and human health protection. As melamine is a weak fluorescent substance, it is difficult to detect melamine directly by fluorescence spectroscopy. In this work, we found that melamine can significantly enhance the emission of the tetracycline–europium (EuTC) complex at 616 nm. Therefore, we took EuTC complex as a fluorescent probe to detect melamine. According to the characterizations of absorption spectra, molecular electrostatic potential distribution, and the time-resolved spectra, we speculated that tetracycline and melamine may form a complex through hydrogen bonding interaction in the melamine-EuTC reaction system, causing the melamine closer approach to Eu3+ and reducing the non-radiative energy loss of water molecules to Eu3+, which significantly enhanced the fluorescence intensity of EuTC. The fluorescence intensity of EuTC complex with melamine concentration in the range of 0.5–40.0 μM shows a good linear relationship, and the correlation coefficient is 0.9951 with the detection limit of 7.85 × 10−8 M. It shows a high sensitivity for the EuTC complex as a fluorescent probe to detect melamine, which provides a supplement and extension for the detection of melamine by fluorescence spectroscopy.
When being oneself is socially rewarded: Social identification qualifies the effect of authentic behavior at work
Authors: Karelaia Natalia , Guillén Laura , Leroy Hannes
Published: May 2021

Is “be yourself” always the best advice? We suggest that interpersonal consequences of behaving authentically depend on the extent to which individuals identify with the social environment where they behave authentically. Bridging the research on authenticity, social identity, and conflict, we propose that for high identifiers, authentic behavior reveals how similar they are to others, thereby reducing dyadic relationship conflict. When social identification is low, behaving authentically increases the salience of how different the individual is from others, increasing relationship conflict. In a multi-source time-lag sample of professional work teams (Study 1), we found that authentic behavior indeed reduced relationship conflict and enhanced task performance for high identifiers, but had an inverse, detrimental effect for low identifiers. In a sample of student teams (Study 2), we only found an attenuating effect of authentic behavior on relationship conflict for high identifiers, and no effect for low identifiers. These results suggest that the advice “to be yourself” applies in educational contexts involving younger adults, but has to be prescribed with care in professional work contexts. Our findings emphasize the importance of social context for the consequences of authentic behavior, and call for more research on the contextual effects of authenticity.
Book review: A. D. Jhala, An Endangered History: Indigeneity, Religion, and Politics on the Borders of India, Burma, and Bangladesh
Authors: Pachuau Joy L. K.
Published: May 2021

A. D. Jhala, An Endangered History: Indigeneity, Religion, and Politics on the Borders of India, Burma, and Bangladesh. New Delhi: Oxford University Press, 2019, 253 pp.
Study on the life cycle simulation method of the temperature field and temperature effect of a steel–concrete composite bridge deck system
Authors: Xiang Shengtao , Wang Da , Yang Liu , Tan Benkun
Published: May 2021

Traditional theoretical calculations, field measurements, and finite element methods sometimes fail to realize life cycle simulations of the temperature field and temperature effect of steel–concrete composite bridge deck systems. In this paper, a simulation method based on a back propagation–long short-term memory (BP-LSTM) network correlation model is proposed to predict the temperature field and temperature effect in a low-cost and highly efficient manner. A bridge was used as the engineering background according to a health monitoring system, and the finite element method based on the principle of heat transfer was used to expand the data sets. Data sets with structural, time, and environmental characteristics as the independent variables and temperature and the temperature effect as the dependent variables were formed. The correlation between the dependent and independent variables was verified using the maximal information coefficient. Thus, the BP-LSTM model was established, and the mean squared error loss function considering the time weight was designed. The data set was read in for training, verification, and testing, and a correlation model representing the relationship between the set’s independent and dependent variables was obtained with relatively high accuracy. Finally, combined with the bridge’s historical meteorological data, the established correlation model was used to simulate the bridge’s temperature field and temperature effect. The results indicated that the finite element calculation results of the structure’s temperature field based on the heat transfer principle were basically consistent with the measured results. The independent variables in the data set were non-linearly related to the dependent variables. The BP-LSTM’s prediction accuracy of the temperature field and temperature effect was above 98.8% and 94.5%, respectively, in good agreement with the target value. The variation law of the temperature field and temperature effect of the steel–concrete composite bridge deck system simulated by combining the historical meteorological statistics was in accordance with reality.
Leading Change Processes for Success: A Dynamic Application of Diagnostic and Dialogic Organization Development
Authors: Hastings Bradley J. , Schwarz Gavin M.
Published: May 2021

Change processes, the activities that enable change, and change leadership, meaning how to lead change processes, both influence the success of change. However, a surprising omission from this knowledge is: how do leaders choose between change processes? This article explores leaders’ choices between two orientations of change processes—illustrated by dialogic and diagnostic organizational development—in 79 cases of organizational change. It identifies that change is successful when leaders choose to oscillate between these two processes as change unfolds. Developing a model that explains this evolution, the article describes how the change leadership practice of concurrent inquiry interacts with the two representations of knowledge described by diagnostic and dialogic theories to inform a choice to oscillate. For scholars, this model further integrates the theoretical perspectives of dialogic and diagnostic theories. For practitioners, it provides a means to navigate between extant theories and, as such, ameliorate outcomes.
Death-Related Status Consumption: Scale Development and Validation
Authors: Cengiz Hakan , Torlak Omer
Published: May 2021

Although it has been widely discussed in the literature, no scale has yet been developed to measure the consumption aspect of death. This study aims to develop a domain-specific death-related status consumption (DRSC) scale to bridge this gap in the field. Results reveal the following three dimensions of the scale: conspicuousness, planning, and showing respect. In four studies, which collate the views of 1,302 participants, both students and adults, the DRSC demonstrates internal consistency and validity across cultures (Turkey, the U.S., and culturally diverse sample). The importance of such a scale for the field is discussed.
Development and Validation of the Satisfaction With Labor Market Participation Survey
Authors: Phillips Brian N. , Fleming Allison R. , McDaniels Brad W. , Levine Allison
Published: May 2021

Employment is often assumed to be the universally desirable outcome in vocational counseling and research; however, many personal and environmental factors affect individual decisions about the costs and benefits of work and the amount of work that is desired. The objective of this study was to validate an instrument capturing satisfaction with labor market participation regardless of one’s employment status. The Satisfaction with Labor Market Participation Survey (SLMP) was administered at two points in time to adults with disabilities. Analyses included a combination of exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis. A nine-item, two-factor scale emerged from the exploratory factor analysis and was supported by confirmatory factor analysis. All correlations were in the expected direction, and regression analysis with both the SLMP and employment status showed the SLMP significantly predicting satisfaction with life while employment status did not after controlling for the SLMP. Preliminary data support the SLMP as a reliable and valid tool for assessing satisfaction with labor market participation for use with people with disabilities in vocational counseling and employment research.
Structure–property relationship of melt spinning polypropylene fibers containing inorganic particulate CaCO3 fillers
Authors: Wei Wei , Shim Eunkyoung , Barnes William , Pourdeyhimi Behnam
Published: May 2021

Spinning technology using melt extrusion and spin-draw processes transforms polymeric materials into highly oriented, crystallized polymeric fibers. Thermoplastic isotactic polypropylene compound with ground CaCO3 (GCC) and precipitate CaCO3 (PCC) with stearic acid surface coating treatment was used in this study. This product was developed in masterbatch form, which contained 70% GCC in resin and 50% PCC in resin. The resulting (masterbatch pellets) polymer can be spun into fibers through a single-screw extruder. Surface and cross-sectional images of fibers were captured by optical microscopy and scanning electronic microscopy for identifying the organic/inorganic interface of fibers. The melt-spun fibers have a distinctive morphology, the particles impact on spinnability, and productivity in the spunbond will alter the mechanical property, thermal property and optical property of fiber-based products. Processing parameters, including spinning speed, throughput rate and take-up roll velocity, were systematically study to understand the structure formation. Meanwhile, different loading concentrations are applied for varied factor comparison of particle size and shape. The Weibull distribution model is applied for determining the tensile property of fibers containing high GCC dosages of 20–40%. Meanwhile, a few more steps of gauge length are utilized for studying the probability of a weak link in polymer materials. Through a systematic discussion of the GCC and PCC comparison study in changing fiber properties, the impact of the particle size on agglomeration formation is emphasized, as well as the breaking mechanism of fibers.