bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Role of Complete Blood Count-Derived Inflammatory Biomarkers as Predictors of Infection After Acute Ischemic Stroke: A Single-Center Retrospective Study
Authors: Rinawati Weny , Machin Abdulloh , Aryati Aryati
Published: December 2024

Background and Objectives: Although a wide range of hematological parameters are used as blood-based inflammatory biomarkers, the role of complete blood count-derived inflammatory biomarkers in infection after acute ischemic stroke (AIS) is modest. Therefore, this study aimed to explore complete blood count-derived inflammatory biomarkers as predictors of infection after AIS. Materials and Methods: A single-center retrospective cross-sectional study was carried out at the National Brain Center Hospital Prof. Dr. dr. Mahar Mardjono, Jakarta, Indonesia, between 1 October 2023, and 31 March 2024, using medical records of hospitalized first-ever ischemic stroke patients who underwent a complete blood count within 24 h of admission. Based on complete blood count-derived inflammatory biomarkers, this study included absolute numbers and related ratios or indices. Results: In total, 163 patients met the study criteria. The diagnosis of infection after AIS was established using reliable clinical symptoms and/or guidelines of the disease. According to the status of infection after AIS, the subjects were categorized into two groups, including 24 patients in the infection group and 139 patients in the non-infection group. Biomarkers that had significant accuracy (higher sensitivity and specificity, respectively) in predicting infection were the leukocyte count (LC; 70.8%, 74.1%, p < 0.001), absolute neutrophil count (ANC; 66.7%, 79.9%, p < 0.001), absolute monocyte count (AMC; 75.0%, 63.3%, p = 0.001), neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR; 62.5%, 71.9%, p = 0.003), derivative NLR (dNLR; 50.0%, 78.4%, p = 0.003), monocyte–granulocyte to lymphocyte ratio (MGLR; 62.5%, 73.0%, p = 0.003), systemic inflammatory response index (SIRI; 62.5%, 79.0%, p = 0.001), and systemic immune inflammation index (SII; 87.5%, 44.0%, p = 0.012) with chances of 74.4%, 75.4%, 71.0%, 69.0%, 68.7%, 69.3%, 73.4%, and 66.2%, respectively. Conclusions: Considering the overall ROC curve used to evaluate the complete blood count-derived inflammatory biomarkers, ANC has a better ability to predict infection in AIS patients, as denoted by the highest AUC, suggesting a 75.4% chance of correctly discriminating patients with infection after stroke.
Structural Transformations in Duplex Stainless Steel CF8 Under Intensive Cold Plastic Deformation
Authors: Vereshchak Mikhail , Manakova Irina , Yeshmanova Gaukhar , Tleubergenov Zhandos
Published: December 2024

The austenitic–martensitic transformation in austenitic–ferritic duplex stainless steel CF8 subjected to cold plastic deformation with a deformation degree ε = 10–95% is studied here using transmission Mössbauer spectroscopy (MS), conversion electron Mössbauer spectroscopy (CEMS), and X-ray diffraction (XRD) methods. It is assumed that the α′-martensite phase appeared at ε > 10%. The CEMS results showed that the formation of α′-martensite occurred most intensively in the near-surface layers of the steel, distributing in depth with the growth of the deformation degree. The volume fraction of the α′-martensite was determined based on the results of calculations carried out via the MS and XRD methods, and a good correlation was observed. A modified Olson–Cohen model was proposed to determine the dependence of the amount of α′-martensite on the deformation degree ε. The coefficients included in the Olson–Cohen expression were found.
Hydrometallurgical Method for AgCu Alloy Powder Synthesis and Its Application in Pd(II) Recovery Through Cementation
Authors: Michałek Tomasz , Wojtaszek Konrad , Małecki Stanisław , Wojnicki Marek
Published: December 2024

This study investigates the synthesis, characterization, and potential applications of silver–copper (AgCu) alloy powders produced from co-precipitated carbonates. The Cu/Ag carbonate samples were analyzed using EDXRF, TGA-DSC, XRD, SEM, and electrical conductivity tests to examine their composition, thermal behavior, structure, and morphology. The results showed slight deviations from the theoretical Cu/Ag ratios in the carbonates, attributed to equilibrium effects during precipitation. Thermal analysis indicated that the reduction process of carbonates with hydrogen was completed at 300 °C, while alloy formation was confirmed by endothermic peaks around 780 °C. XRD and SEM analyses revealed that AgCu alloys formed a solid solution, with smaller crystallite sizes observed at higher Cu contents. Electrical conductivity tests demonstrated that while pure Ag and Cu powders exhibited conductivity increases with compaction, the AgCu alloy showed stable conductivity without a significant decrease. In Pd(II) cementation experiments, AgCu alloys demonstrated higher efficiency in Pd(II) recovery than pure Ag and Cu. These findings suggest that AgCu alloys, particularly with a balanced composition, may offer improved performance for metal recovery applications, providing a promising approach for industrial cementation processes.
Research on the Thermal Safety of Ion-Doped Na3V2(PO4)3 for Sodium-Ion Batteries
Authors: Pei Bo , Qiao Xin , Huang Que , Liu Changcheng , Shi Mengna , Jiang Xiaomei , Li Feng , Guo Li
Published: December 2024

Na3V2 (PO4)3 (NVP) is considered to be a promising cathode material for sodium-ion batteries (SIBs). Ion doping can effectively improve its structural deformation, poor conductivity, and electrochemical performance. However, the research on the effect of ion doping on the thermal stability of NVP is still limited. In this paper, Mg/Ti co-doped and Mn/Ti co-doped modified NVP with carbon nanotubes (CNTs) (MgTi@ CNTs and MnTi@CNTs) were prepared, respectively, and X-ray diffraction (XRD) results proved that MgTi@CNTs and MnTi@CNTs have good structural stability and crystallinity. The electrochemical performance indicates that the dual strategy of p-n-type co-doping and CNT coating provides superior sodium storage performance, enhancing both electronic conductivity and ion diffusion. Secondly, based on the safety point of view, the thermal stability of p-n-type ion-doped NVP and its mixed system with electrolyte in a charged state was studied by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and accelerated calorimeter (ARC). The results show that the optimized MgTi@CNTs and MnTi@CNTs electrodes exhibit excellent thermal stability in the absence of electrolytes, indicating their high intrinsic safety. However, it is worth noting that in the electrode/electrolyte system, p-n-type ion-doped NVP have higher reactivity with the electrolyte, and their comprehensive thermal safety is lower than that of NVP. Therefore, in practical applications, it is necessary to comprehensively consider the thermal stability of the material and the thermal safety of its mixed system with the electrolyte. This paper provides a data basis for the practical application of NVP in SIBs.
Micro-Powers Scientific Research: Opening a New Chapter
Authors: Li Zhou , Wei Heyi
Published: December 2024

Recently, there have been several scientific breakthroughs in the fields of micro- and nanoscience [...]
Cardiac Damage in Patients Infected with Different SARS-CoV-2 Variants of Concern
Authors: Burkert Francesco Robert , Oberhollenzer Martina , Kresse Daniela , Niederreiter Sarah , Filippi Vera , Lanser Lukas , Weiss Günter , Bellmann-Weiler Rosa
Published: December 2024

Coronavirus Disease 2019 causes significant morbidity, and different variants of concern (VOCs) can impact organ systems differently. We conducted a single-center retrospective cohort analysis comparing biomarkers and clinical outcomes in hospitalized patients infected with the wild-type or Alpha (wt/Alpha) VOC against patients infected with the Omicron VOC. We included 428 patients infected with the wt/Alpha VOC and 117 patients infected with the Omicron VOC. The Omicron cohort had higher maximal median high-sensitivity Troponin-T (hs-TnT) levels (wt/Alpha: 12.8 ng/L, IQR 6.6–29.5 vs. Omicron: 27.8 ng/L, IQR 13.7–54.0; p < 0.001) and N-terminal prohormone of brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) (wt/Alpha: 256 ng/L, IQR 74.5–913.5 vs. Omicron: 825 ng/L, IQR 168–2759; p < 0.001) levels. This remained true for patients under 65 years of age and without pre-existing cardiovascular disease (hs-TnT (wt/Alpha: 6.1 ng/L, IQR 2.5–10.25 vs. Omicron: 8.6 ng/L, IQR 6.2–15.7; p = 0.007) and NT-proBNP (wt/Alpha: 63 ng/L, IQR 25–223.75 vs. Omicron: 158 ng/L, IQR 75.5–299.5; p = 0.006)). In-hospital mortality was similar between the two groups (wt/Alpha: 53 or 12.7% vs. Omicron: 9 or 7.7%; p = 0.132) and more patients infected with wt/Alpha VOC required intensive care admission (wt/Alpha: 93 or 22.2% vs. Omicron: 14 or 12%; p = 0.014). Increased cardiac biomarkers were correlated with a higher risk of mortality and ICU admission in both groups. Herein, we detected higher levels of cardiac biomarkers in hospitalized patients infected with the Omicron VOC when compared to wt/Alpha, being indicative of higher cardiac involvement. Although hs-TnT and NT-proBNP levels were higher in the Omicron cohort and both markers were linked to in hospital mortality in both groups, the mortality rates were similar.
Antimicrobial Resistance Genes and Clonal Relationships of Duck-Derived Salmonella in Shandong Province, China in 2023
Authors: Lu Zhiyuan , Zheng Yue , Wu Shaopeng , Lin Xiaoyue , Ma Huiling , Xu Xiaofei , Chen Shumin , Huang Jiaqi , Gao Zheng , Wang Guisheng , Sun Shuhong
Published: December 2024

Salmonella is a major threat to both human and animal health. However, the diversity and antibiotic resistance of animal-derived Salmonella and their association with human infections remain largely unexplored. In this study, Salmonella strains were isolated, identified, and sequenced from dead embryos and cloacal swab samples obtained from 278 large-scale duck farms in 11 cities in Shandong Province. The results show that a total of 57 Salmonella strains were isolated, with the dominant sequence types (ST) being ST17 (15/57) and ST19 (9/57), while the dominant serotypes were S. Indiana (15/57) and S. Typhimurium (11/57). Furthermore, genomic analysis has revealed the presence of prevalent antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs), which are often associated with co-transfer mechanisms. Over 52.63% of the strains were observed to carry two or more ARGs, especially one Salmonella strain that carried twenty-eight distinct ARGs. Furthermore, core genome multilocus sequence typing analysis (cgMLST) indicated that the 57 Salmonella strains may have a close relationship, which could be clonally transmitted among different cities. The results demonstrated a close relationship between the Salmonella strains identified in diverse geographical regions, suggesting that these strains may have been widely disseminated through clonal transmission. The mutation analysis reveals significant mutations at parC (T57S), gyrA (S83F), parC (S80R), gyrA (D87N), and gyrA (S83Y). These findings emphasize the necessity for monitoring and controlling Salmonella infections in animals, as they may serve as a reservoir for ARGs with the potential to affect human health or even be the source of pathogens that infect humans.
Development of Composite Microbial Products for Managing Pine Wilt Disease in Infected Wood Stumps
Authors: Yuan Yanzhi , Wang Yanna , Li Yong , Wang Laifa , Yu Lu , Hu Jian , Cheng Xiangchen , Han Shan , Wang Xizhuo
Published: December 2024

Wood-decay fungi, including white- and brown-decay fungi, are well known for their ability to degrade lignin and cellulose, respectively. The combined use of these fungi can increase the decomposition of woody substrates. Research has indicated that these fungi also exhibit inhibitory effects against Bursaphelenchus xylophilus, the causative agent of pine wilt disease (PWD). In this study, we investigated a composite microbial formulation that efficiently decomposes pine wood while inhibiting B. xylophilus. We initially established a correlation between the degradation rate of wood blocks and fungal biomass, underscoring the necessity of optimizing biomass for effective treatment. A systematic approach involving a one-way test, a Plackett–Burman design, a steepest ascent experiment, and a Box–Behnken design, was employed to optimize the fermentation process. Validation trials were conducted in a 10-L fermenter. The bioagent’s efficacy and safety were assessed through field applications in a forest, with a focus on wood degradation capacity and B. xylophilus mortality rate. Additionally, the environmental impact of the microbial products was evaluated by analysing soil quality around treated areas to ensure that the formulation did not adversely affect soil health.
Development of Effective Medical Countermeasures Against the Main Biowarfare Agents: The Importance of Antibodies
Authors: Avril Arnaud , Guillier Sophie , Rasetti-Escargueil Christine
Published: December 2024

The COVID-19 and mpox crisis has reminded the world of the potentially catastrophic consequences of biological agents. Aside from the natural risk, biological agents can also be weaponized or used for bioterrorism. Dissemination in a population or among livestock could be used to destabilize a nation by creating a climate of terror, by negatively impacting the economy and undermining institutions. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) classify biological agents into three categories (A or Tier 1, B and C) according to the risk they pose to the public and national security. Category A or Tier 1 consists of the six pathogens with the highest risk to the population (Bacillus anthracis, Yersinia pestis, Francisella tularensis, botulinum neurotoxins, smallpox and viral hemorrhagic fevers). Several medical countermeasures, such as vaccines, antibodies and chemical drugs, have been developed to prevent or cure the diseases induced by these pathogens. This review presents an overview of the primary medical countermeasures, and in particular, of the antibodies available against the six pathogens on the CDC’s Tier 1 agents list, as well as against ricin.
Unexpected Genetic Diversity of Nostocales (Cyanobacteria) Isolated from the Phyllosphere of the Laurel Forests in the Canary Islands (Spain)
Authors: Rancel-Rodríguez Nereida M. , Sausen Nicole , Reyes Carolina P. , Quintana Antera Martel , Melkonian Barbara , Melkonian Michael
Published: December 2024

A total of 96 strains of Nostocales (Cyanobacteria) were established from the phyllosphere of the laurel forests in the Canary Islands (Spain) and the Azores (Portugal) using enrichment media lacking combined nitrogen. The strains were characterized by light microscopy and SSU rRNA gene comparisons. Morphologically, most strains belonged to two different morphotypes, termed “Nostoc-type” and “Tolypothrix-type”. Molecular phylogenetic analysis of 527 SSU rRNA gene sequences of cyanobacteria (95 sequences established during this study plus 392 sequences from Nostocales and 40 sequences from non-heterocyte-forming cyanobacteria retrieved from the databases) revealed that none of the SSU rRNA gene sequences from the phyllosphere of the laurel forests was identical to a database sequence. In addition, the genetic diversity of the isolated strains was high, with 42 different genotypes (44% of the sequences) recognized. Among the new genotypes were also terrestrial members of the genus Nodularia as well as members of the genus Brasilonema. It is concluded that heterocyte-forming cyanobacteria represent a component of the phyllosphere that is still largely undersampled in subtropical/tropical forests.
Alterations in Gut Microbiota Composition Are Associated with Changes in Emotional Distress in Children with Obstructive Sleep Apnea
Authors: Huang Chung-Guei , Lin Wan-Ni , Hsin Li-Jen , Huang Yu-Shu , Chuang Li-Pang , Fang Tuan-Jen , Li Hsueh-Yu , Kuo Terry B. J. , Yang Cheryl C. H. , Lee Chin-Chia , Lee Li-Ang
Published: December 2024

Emerging evidence underscores the pivotal role of the gut microbiota in regulating emotional and behavioral responses via the microbiota–gut–brain axis. This study explores associations between pediatric obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), emotional distress (ED), and gut microbiome alterations before and after OSA treatment. Sixty-six children diagnosed with OSA via polysomnography participated, undergoing adenotonsillectomy alongside routine educational sessions. ED was assessed using the OSA-18 questionnaire, categorizing participants into high ED (scores ≥ 11, 52%) and low ED (scores < 11, 48%) groups. Gut microbiome analysis revealed significant diversity differences, with high ED linked to a reduced Shannon index (p = 0.03) and increased beta diversity (p = 0.01). Three months post-treatment, significant improvements were observed in OSA symptoms, ED scores, and gut microbiome alpha diversity metrics among 55 participants (all p < 0.04). Moreover, changes in the relative abundances of Veillonella, Bifidobacterium, Flavonifractor, and Agathobacter, as well as ultra-low frequency power and low frequency power of sleep heart rate variability, were independently associated with ED score alterations. These findings underscore the gut microbiome’s critical role in the emotional and behavioral symptoms associated with pediatric OSA, suggesting that microbiome-targeted interventions could complement traditional treatments for ED reduction and emphasizing the need for further research.
Effect of Recycling Chicken Eggshell Waste as a Pore-Forming Mineral Source in Low-Water-Absorption Bi-Layered Red Ceramic Tiles
Authors: Vigneron Thaís Queiroz Gomes , Holanda José Nilson França
Published: December 2024

This work evaluated the effects of incorporating chicken eggshell waste in a low-water-absorption bi-layered red ceramic tile composition, focusing on its porosity. Red ceramic tile formulations were prepared with incorporations of 0, 5, 10, 15, 20 and 25 wt.% of chicken eggshell waste. The bi-layered red floor tile processing method consisted of dry powder granulation, double uniaxial pressing and firing at 1220 °C using a fast-firing cycle. The physical properties and microstructural development of the tile specimens were investigated. It was found that chicken eggshell waste exhibited good chemical compatibility for use in red ceramic tile formulations, enabling its recycling. The novel bi-layered red ceramic tiles presented water absorption between 0.34 and 0.97% and apparent density between 2.09 and 2.14 g/cm3. The results demonstrated that chicken eggshell waste, when incorporated up to 15 wt.%, can be used as an efficient pore-forming carbonate source to manufacture low-water-absorption bi-layered red ceramic tiles (BIa and BIb groups—ISO 13006), which allows use in ventilated façades. It was concluded that the proposed approach is suitable for recycling chicken eggshell waste into red ceramic tile formulations, with relevant repercussions for the circular economy.
Fluorescence of 2-Hydroxy Chalcone Analogs with Extended Conjugation: ESIPT vs. ICT Pathways
Authors: Corbin Brian , Houglan Paityn , Pang Yi
Published: December 2024

The chalcone derivatives with hydroxy group (2) have been examined using low-temperature fluorescence spectroscopy. The study aimed to freeze the intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) motion in order to reveal the potential hidden transition(s) that are difficult to observe at room temperature. Although chalcone 2 revealed one emission peak at ~667 nm at room temperature, it exhibited two emission peaks (λem = 580 and 636 nm) in EtOH at liquid N2 temperatures (77 K). With the aid of model compound 3 with methoxy group and aluminum complex 2-Al3+, attempts were made to assign these emission peaks. The results point towards the possibility of the coexistence of ICT and excited state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT) in the chalcone derivatives with extended conjugation.
Lactuca racemosa Willd., Source of Antioxidants with Diverse Chemical Structures
Authors: Michalska Klaudia , Jantas Danuta , Malarz Janusz , Jakubowska Klaudia , Paul Wojciech , Stojakowska Anna
Published: December 2024

Ethanolic extracts from the roots and aerial parts of the hitherto chemically uninvestigated lettuce species Lactuca racemosa Willd. (Cichorieae, Asteraceae) were chromatographically separated to obtain eight sesquiterpenoids, two apocarotenoids (loliolide and (6S,9S) roseoside), and three phenolic glucosides (apigenin 7-O-glucoside, eugenyl-4-O-β-glucopyranoside, and 5-methoxyeugenyl-4-O-β-glucopyranoside). Four of the isolated sesquiterpene lactones (8-α-angeloyloxyleucodin, matricarin, 15-deoxylactucin, and deacetylmatricarin 8-β-glucopyranoside) have not previously been found either in Lactuca spp. or in Cicerbita spp. In addition, HPLC-PAD chromatographic methods were used to estimate the deacetylmatricarin derivatives, luteolin 7-O-glucoside, and caffeic acid derivatives contents in the analyzed plant material. The aerial parts contained c. 3.0% dry weight of chicoric acid and equal amounts (0.4%) of caftaric acid and luteolin 7-O-glucoside. The roots contained fewer phenolic metabolites but were rich in deacetylmatricarin glucoside (c. 1.3%). The aglycone of the most abundant sesquiterpene lactone was evaluated with respect to its neuroprotective effect in H2O2- and 6-OHDA-treated human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells. This compound, at concentrations of 10 and 50 μM, provided partial protection of undifferentiated cells, and at a concentration of 50 μM, it provided partial protection of retinoic acid-differentiated cells from H2O2-induced damage. In a model of 6-OHDA-evoked cytotoxicity, the sesquiterpenoid was less effective. Our findings may support the inclusion of this plant into the human diet.
Photocatalytic Depolymerization of Lignin: C-O Bond Cleavage in β-O-4 Models Using S-Doped Ultra-Thin Bi3O4Cl Nanosheets
Authors: Jiang Chunli , Zhang Sixue
Published: December 2024

The selective depolymerization of β-O-4 lignin models into high-value aromatic monomers using photocatalysis presents both significant opportunities and challenges. Photocatalysts often face issues such as high photogenerated carrier recombination rates and limited operational lifetimes. This study introduces S doping to modulate the surface interface of Bi3O4Cl (BOC) nanosheets, enhancing C-O bond cleavage efficiency in β-O-4 lignin models under visible light at ambient temperatures. Comprehensive characterization, including atomic force microscopy (AFM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), electron spin resonance (ESR), and density functional theory (DFT) analysis, revealed that S doping reduces BOC nanosheet thickness to 1.51 nm and promotes charge carrier separation, thereby generating greater concentrations of reactive species, specifically •O2− and •OH. Photocatalytic depolymerization experiments demonstrated that S-doped BOC achieved a C-O bond cleavage selectivity of 93% and an aromatic monomer yield of 629.03 μmol/g/h (i.e., 1.5 times higher than that of undoped BOC). This work provides a strategic approach to designing photocatalysts with enhanced selectivity and efficiency for lignin depolymerization.
Bis-Iridoid Glycosides and Triterpenoids from Kolkwitzia amabilis and Their Potential as Inhibitors of ACC1 and ACL
Authors: Wan Jiang , Zhao Ze-Yu , Wang Can , Jiang Chun-Xiao , Tong Ying-Peng , Zang Yi , Choo Yeun-Mun , Li Jia , Hu Jin-Feng
Published: December 2024

A comprehensive phytochemical investigation of the twigs/leaves and flower buds of Kolkwitzia amabilis, a rare deciduous shrub native to China, led to the isolation of 39 structurally diverse compounds. These compounds include 11 iridoid glycosides (1–4 and 7–13), 20 triterpenoids (5, 6, and 14–31), and 8 phenylpropanoids (32–39). Among these, amabiliosides A (1) and B (2) represent previously undescribed bis-iridoid glycosides, while amabiliosides C (3) and D (4) feature a unique bis-iridoid-monoterpenoid indole alkaloid scaffold with a tetrahydro-β-carboline-5-carboxylic acid moiety. Amabiliacids A (5) and B (6) are 24-nor-ursane-type triterpenoids characterized by an uncommon ∆11,13(18) transannular double bond. Their chemical structures and absolute configurations were elucidated through spectroscopic data and electronic circular dichroism analyses. Compound 2 exhibited a moderate inhibitory effect against acetyl CoA carboxylase 1 (ACC1), with an IC50 value of 9.6 μM. Lonicejaposide C (8), 3β-O-trans-caffeoyl-olean-12-en-28-oic acid (29), and (23E)-coumaroylhederagenin (31) showed notable inhibitory effects on ATP-citrate lyase (ACL), with IC50 values of 3.6, 1.6, and 4.7 μM, respectively. Additionally, 3β-acetyl-ursolic acid (17) demonstrated dual inhibitory activity against both ACC1 and ACL, with IC50 values of 10.3 and 2.0 μM, respectively. The interactions of the active compounds with ACC1 and ACL enzymes were examined through molecular docking studies. From a chemotaxonomic perspective, the isolation of bis-iridoid glycosides in this study may aid in clarifying the taxonomic relationship between the genera Kolkwitzia and Lonicera within the Caprifoliaceae family. These findings highlight the importance of conserving plant species with unique and diverse secondary metabolites, which could serve as potential sources of new therapeutic agents for treating ACC1/ACL-associated diseases.
Mesoporous TiO2@g-C3N4 Nanostructure-Enhanced Photocatalytic Degradation of Tetracycline Under Full-Spectrum Sunlight
Authors: Ma Lizhe , Fang Zhiyong , Duan Jieli , Li Jin , Zhu Kefu , Jiang Yinlong , Ji Bang , Yang Zhou
Published: December 2024

TiO2 has broad prospects in reducing the safety risks posed by emerging pollutants in water environments. However, the high recombination rate of photogenerated carriers limits the activity and photon utilization efficiency of TiO2. In this study, mesoporous TiO2 (m-TiO2) and ultra-thin g-C3N4 nanosheets were composited using a hydrothermal method, with the m-TiO2 tightly and uniformly wrapped by g-C3N4. The chemical structure, elemental composition, and optical properties of the heterojunction were analyzed by X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), and ultraviolet-visible diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (UV-vis-DRS). The activity of the m-TiO2@g-C3N4 was evaluated by the degradation of tetracycline hydrochloride (TCH). Results showed that the heterojunction exhibited significantly enhanced reactivity compared to pure m-TiO2 and g-C3N4, with kinetic rates of TCH being 1.48 and 6.84 times that of pure m-TiO2 and g-C3N4, respectively. The TCH degradation kinetic rate varied from 0.194 min−1 to 0.026 min−1 and then decreased to 0.015 min−1 on the scale of the bandgap and the number of absorbed photons in m-TiO2@g-C3N4. Concurrently, a 10wt% doping amount of g-C3N4 significantly increased the reaction rate of photogenerated carriers in the system compared to the recombination rate, corresponding to excellent photon efficiency. Reproducibility was evaluated, and a possible degradation mechanism is proposed. This study opens new perspectives for the optimization of catalyst preparation processes aimed at enhancing photon efficiency.
Optimization for the Process Parameters of Nickel–Titanium Nitride Composites Fabricated via Jet Pulse Electrodeposition
Authors: Guo Xue , Tian Dehao , Li Chaoyu , Li Xiang , Li Wei , Cao Mengyu , Zhang Fengwu , Wang Baojin
Published: December 2024

The corrosion resistance of nickel–titanium nitride (Ni/TiN) composites is significantly influenced by the operation parameters during the jet pulse electrodeposition (JPE) process. The effect of current density, jet rate, TiN concentration, and duty cycle impact on the anti-corrosion property of Ni/TiN composites were investigated and optimized using the response surface method (RSM). After the optimization of the operation parameters, the corrosion current of Ni/TiN composites decreased from 9.52 × 10−5 A/cm2 to 4.63 × 10−5 A/cm2. The corrosion current of Ni/TiN composites decreased initially and then increased with an increase in current density, jet rate, TiN concentration, and duty cycle. During the jet electrodeposition process, the influence of the duty cycle on the corrosion current of Ni/TiN composites was comparatively insignificant, whereas the concentration of TiN had a significant effect on the corrosion current. The error rate between the predicted value and the measured result from the corrosion current of Ni/TiN composites was only 0.64%, indicating the high accuracy of fitting the model. Furthermore, X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns and scanning electron microscope (SEM) images revealed that the optimized Ni/TiN composites comprised significant Ti content, fine nickel gain, and a compact, smooth structure. In addition, the electrochemical measured results demonstrated that the optimized Ni/TiN composites possessed a low self-corrosion current and high self-corrosion potential. These findings show that the optimized composites have a substantially greater corrosion resistance compared to two other unoptimized Ni/TiN composites.
Herbal Extracts Mixed with Essential Oils: A Network Approach for Gastric and Intestinal Motility Disorders
Authors: Budriesi Roberta , Corazza Ivan , Roncioni Simone , Scanferlato Roberta , De Luca Dalila , Marzetti Carla , Gotti Roberto , Rizzardi Nicola , Bergamini Christian , Micucci Matteo , Roncarati Davide , Mattioli Laura Beatrice
Published: December 2024

Background: Three herbal extracts (Asparagus racemosus Willd., Tabebuia avellanedae Lorentz, and Glycyrrhiza glabra L.) were mixed with three essential oils (Foeniculum vulgare Mill., Mentha piperita L., and Pimpinella anisum L.) to formulate a product (HEMEO) whose active compounds include saponins and steroids in Asparagus racemosus, known for their anti-inflammatory properties; glycyrrhizin and flavonoids in Glycyrrhiza glabra, which exhibit gastroprotective and antispasmodic effects; menthol in Mentha piperita, contributing with antispasmodic and antimicrobial properties; and anethole and polyphenols in Pimpinella anisum, which modulate intestinal motility and offer antimicrobial activity. Objective: HEMEO was formulated for applications in intestinal motility disorders. Methods: HEMEO was evaluated for spontaneous and induced motility effects in isolated guinea pig ileum, colon, and stomach. Ex vivo experiments were conducted using LabChart software v7.0, and the product’s antibacterial action against Helicobacter pylori and its antioxidant effects were assessed through disc diffusion and FRAP assays. The presence of the volatile compounds in the formulation was confirmed by GC-MS analysis; the TPC of HEMEO, determined using the Folin–Ciocalteu method, was 9.925 ± 0.42 mg GAE/g. Conclusions: HEMEO showed a phenolic content correlated with its antioxidant potential and in addition inhibited H. pylori growth and demonstrated notable antioxidant properties, suggesting its role as a supportive agent in digestive processes and in managing motility disorders.
Urinary Metabolite Profiles of Participants with Overweight and Obesity Prescribed a Weight Loss High Fruit and Vegetable Diet: A Single Arm Intervention Study
Authors: Clarke Erin D. , Gómez-Martín María , Stanford Jordan , Yilmaz Ali , Ustun Ilyas , Wood Lisa , Green Brian , Graham Stewart F. , Collins Clare E.
Published: December 2024

Background/Objectives: Thus far, no studies have examined the relationship between fruit and vegetable (F and V) intake, urinary metabolite quantities, and weight change. Therefore, the aim of the current study was to explore changes in urinary metabolomic profiles during and after a 10-week weight loss intervention where participants were prescribed a high F and V diet (7 servings daily). Methods: Adults with overweight and obesity (n = 34) received medical nutrition therapy counselling to increase their F and V intakes to national targets (7 servings a day). Data collection included weight, dietary intake, and urine samples at baseline at week 2 and week 10. Urinary metabolite profiles were quantified using 1H NMR spectroscopy. Machine learning statistical approaches were employed to identify novel urine-based metabolite biomarkers associated with high F and V diet patterns at weeks 2 and 10. Metabolic changes appearing in urine in response to diet were quantified using Metabolite Set Enrichment Analysis (MSEA). Results: Energy intake was significantly lower (p = 0.02) at week 10 compared with baseline. Total F and V intake was significantly higher at week 2 and week 10 (p < 0.05). In total, 123 urinary metabolites were quantified. At week 10, 21 metabolites showed significant changes relative to baseline. Of these, 11 metabolites also significantly changed at week 2. These overlapping metabolites were acetic acid, dimethylamine, choline, fumaric acid, glutamic acid, L-tyrosine, histidine, succinic acid, uracil, histamine, and 2-hydroxyglutarate. Ridge Classifier and Linear Discriminant Analysis provided best prediction accuracy values of 0.96 when metabolite level of baseline was compared to week 10. Conclusions: Urinary metabolites quantified represent potential candidate biomarkers of high F and V intake, associated with a reduction in energy intake. Further studies are needed to validate these findings in larger population studies.
Exploring the Potential of Epigallocatechin Gallate in Combating Insulin Resistance and Diabetes
Authors: Yurtseven Kübra , Yücecan Sevinç
Published: December 2024

Background/Objectives: In this study, the potential effects are evaluated of epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) on the prognosis of diabetes and insulin resistance. Methods: In an experiment, 35 male Wistar albino rats were used and in the streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats, the effects were examined of different doses (50 mg/kg, 100 mg/kg, 200 mg/kg) of EGCG on metabolic parameters associated with diabetes and insulin resistance. Results: The findings show favorable effects of EGCG on fasting blood glucose levels, insulin secretion, insulin resistance, and beta cell function. In this study, it was observed that EGCG was able to significantly lower fasting blood glucose levels, especially at high doses (200 mg/kg), providing the most significant improvement. Furthermore, EGCG has been found to reduce insulin resistance and improve insulin sensitivity by increasing insulin secretion. When the biochemical parameters of increased insulin secretion are evaluated, it is also observed that it creates clinically significant changes. At doses of 100 mg/kg and 200 mg/kg, EGCG has the potential to help control diabetes by most effectively improving insulin resistance and beta cell function. The study results suggest that EGCG, especially at high doses, is an effective component in the treatment of diabetes and the management of insulin resistance. Conclusions: The inclusion of EGCG as a natural flavonoid in medical nutrition therapy may contribute to glycemic control and improve insulin sensitivity in individuals with diabetes. These findings suggest that EGCG may be used as an alternative option in the treatment of diabetes and future studies may further clarify the potential benefits in this area.
Feasibility and Preliminary Efficacy of Co-Designed and Co-Created Healthy Lifestyle Social Media Intervention Programme the Daily Health Coach for Young Women: A Pilot Randomised Controlled Trial
Authors: Malloy Jessica A. , Partridge Stephanie R. , Kemper Joya A. , Braakhuis Andrea , Roy Rajshri
Published: December 2024

Background: Young women spend 50 min daily on social media (SM); thus, SM platforms are promising for health interventions. This study tested the feasibility and preliminary efficacy of the co-designed SM intervention the Daily Health Coach (DHC). The DHC is a 3-month healthy lifestyles intervention programme, targeting eating, physical activity, and social wellbeing behaviours in women aged 18–24, via the dissemination of health and nutrition content on social media platform Instagram. Methods: The programme was tested using an assessor-blinded, two-arm pilot randomised controlled trial with 46 participants over 12 weeks. Engagement was assessed via SM metrics; acceptability via post-programme questionnaires; and feasibility included retention, randomisation, recruitment, and data collection. Secondary outcomes—dietary quality, physical activity, social influence, disordered eating behaviours, body image, and digital health literacy—were assessed using validated surveys. Analyses included t-tests, chi-squared tests, and linear mixed models. The treatment effects were estimated by testing mean score differences from baseline to 3 months for intention-to-treat populations. Results: The DHC scored 83.6% for programme satisfaction. Over time, a significant decrease in body image disturbance was observed (p = 0.013). A significant group-by-time interaction for digital health literacy (p = 0.002) indicated increased ability to discern evidence-based nutrition information (p = 0.006). The waitlist control group showed increased social influence compared to the intervention group (p = 0.034). No other significant changes were observed. Conclusion: The DHC is a feasible and acceptable method for disseminating nutrition information. Larger studies are needed to determine efficacy.
Vitamin B1, B2, and B6 Intakes and Risk of Gastric Cancer: Findings from a Case-Control Study
Authors: Le Ngoan Tran , Pham Yen T.-H. , Dang Huy Thanh , Le Linh Thuy , Huynh Nhi Y.-N. , Cullen Jennifer , Luu Hung N.
Published: December 2024

Background/Objectives: Gastric cancer is one of the leading malignancies worldwide. B vitamins play important roles in DNA synthesis and methylation because they are considered co-enzymes in one-carbon metabolism. There is inconclusive evidence regarding the associations between dietary vitamins B1, B2, and B6 with the risk of gastric cancer in different epidemiologic studies. We, therefore, investigated such associations in a hospital-based case-control study comprising 1182 incident cases of gastric cancer and 2995 controls in Vietnam. Methods: Dietary vitamins B1, B2, and B6 were derived from a semi-quantitative validated food frequency questionnaire. An unconditional logistic regression model was used to calculate the odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the risk of gastric cancer in relation to dietary intake of vitamins B1, B2, and B6. Results: Overall, dietary vitamins B1 (ORper-SD increment = 0.83; 95% CI: 0.78–0.89; Ptrend < 0.001) and B6 (ORper-SD increment = 0.88; 95% CI: 0.81–0.94; Ptrend < 0.001) were associated with a reduced risk of gastric cancer. Compared with the lowest quintile, the ORs (95% CIs) of gastric cancer for quintiles 2, 3, 4, and 5 of the vitamin B1 intake were 0.64 (0.51–0.79), 0.54 (0.43–0.69), 0.57 (0.44–0.74), and 0.42 (0.31–0.55), respectively; for vitamin B6 intake, quintiles 2, 3, 4, and 5 were 0.53 (0.42–0.66), 0.54 (0.42–0.70), 0.61 (0.46–0.81), and 0.46 (0.33–0.63), respectively. This inverse association was not different across sex, BMI, and smoking statuses. No association was found between dietary vitamin B2 and gastric cancer risk. Conclusions: Dietary vitamins B1 and B6 were associated with a reduced risk of gastric cancer in the Vietnamese population. Future studies are warranted to replicate our findings, which also have great implications for gastric cancer prevention and control programs in low- and middle-income countries.
The Impact of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis on Intestinal Microbial Community Composition and Diversity in Small-Tail Han Sheep
Authors: Xue Shi-Yuan , Ma Wei , Li Meng-Yuan , Meng Wei-Kang , Ding Yu-Lin , Yang Bo , Lv Yue-Rong , Chen Rui-Bin , Wu Zhi-Hong , Tunala Siqin , Zhang Rong , Zhao Li , Liu Yong-Hong
Published: December 2024

Paratuberculosis (PTB), primarily caused by Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP), is a chronic infection that affects ruminants and is difficult to prevent, diagnose, and treat. Investigating how MAP infections affect the gut microbiota in sheep can aid in the prevention and treatment of ovine PTB. This study examined fecal samples from eight small-tail Han sheep (STHS) at various stages of infection and from three different field areas. All samples underwent DNA extraction and 16S rRNA sequencing. Among all samples, the phyla p. Firmicutes and p. Bacteroidota exhibited the highest relative abundance. The dominant genera in groups M1–M6 were UCG-005, Christensenellaceae_R-7_group, Rikenellaceae_RC9_gut_group, Akkermansia, UCG-005, and Bacteroides, whereas those in groups A–C were Christensenellaceae_R-7_group, Escherichia–Shigella, and Acinetobacter, respectively. The microbial community structure varied significantly among groups M1–M6. Specifically, 56 microbiota consortia with different taxonomic levels, including the order Clostridiales, were significantly enriched in groups M1–M6, whereas 96 microbiota consortia at different taxonomic levels, including the family Oscillospiraceae, were significantly enriched in groups A–C. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to report that MAP infection alters the intestinal microbiota of STHS. Changes in p. Firmicutes abundance can serve as a potential biomarker to distinguish MAP infection and determine the infection stage for its early diagnosis. Our study provides a theoretical basis for the treatment of PTB by regulating the intestinal microbiota, including p. Firmicutes.
Berkeleyomyces rouxiae—A Pathogen Causing the Black Root Rot of Tobacco
Authors: Korbecka-Glinka Grażyna , Trojak-Goluch Anna , Czarnecka Diana
Published: December 2024

Black root rot is a dangerous disease affecting many crops. It is caused by pathogens formerly known as Thielaviopsis basicola and then reclassified as two cryptic species, Berkeleyomyces basicola and B. rouxiae. The aim of this study was to perform species identification, morphological characterization, and pathogenicity tests for fungal isolates obtained from tobacco roots with black root rot symptoms in Poland. DNA sequences of the three regions (ITS, ACT, MCM7) were highly similar to the sequences of B. rouxiae deposited in the NCBI database. Phylogenetic analysis confirmed the assignment of the obtained isolates to this species. The cultures of four representative isolates (namely OT2, OT3, WPT7, WPT8) showed a similar structure and gray/brown color of the mycelium, although their growth rate varied from 3.8 to 5.1 mm/day depending on the isolate. The sizes of the endoconidia and chlamydospores showed a considerable variation, although they fit within ranges previously described for B. rouxiae. Pathogenicity tests performed on young tobacco plants grown in the inoculated peat substrate revealed differences among the four isolates. WPT7 demonstrated the lowest level of aggressiveness for tobacco. In contrast, the remaining three isolates caused severe disease symptoms and significantly reduced shoot and root dry weights of the susceptible cultivar Virginia Joyner. A parallel pathogenicity test performed on cultivar VRG 10TL confirmed the effectiveness of black root rot resistance derived from Nicotiana debneyi.
Antimicrobial Activity of Naphthyridine Derivatives
Authors: Wójcicka Anna , Mączyński Marcin
Published: December 2024

To combat the problem of the increasing drug resistance of microorganisms, it is necessary to constantly search for new medicinal substances that will demonstrate more effective mechanisms of action with a limited number of side effects. Naphthyridines are N-heterocyclic compounds containing a fused system of two pyridine rings, occurring in the form of six structural isomers with different positions of nitrogen atoms, which exhibit a wide spectrum of pharmacological activity, in particular antimicrobial properties. This review presents most of the literature data about the synthetic and natural naphthyridine derivatives that have been reported to possess antimicrobial activity.
Synergistic Pain-Reducing Effects of Bixa orellana (Chronic® and Chronic In®) and Cannabidiol-Rich Cannabis sativa Extracts in Experimental Pain Models
Authors: Santos Alicia de Melo , Carvalho Helison de Oliveira , Gonçalves Danna Emanuelle Santos , Gomes Luciana Paes , Colares Nayara Nilcia Dias , dos Santos Abrahão Victor Tavares de Lima Teixeira dos , dos Santos Adrielly Yasmin Sousa dos , Teixeira Thiago Afonso , Carvalho José Carlos Tavares
Published: December 2024

Background: The present study aimed to evaluate the potential synergy between pharmaceutical formulations containing Bixa orellana L. (granulated—CHR OR and injectable nanodispersion—CHR IN) in conjunction with a cannabidiol (CBD)-rich extract of Cannabis sativa L. (CSE) on experimental pain models in Wistar rats. Methods: Chemical analysis was performed using gas chromatography (GC-MS). The pain tests employed were acetic acid-induced writhing (injection i.p. of 0.9% acetic acid), formalin (solution 1%), hot plate (55 ± 0.5 °C), and cold-water tail withdrawal tests. Results: Chemical analyses by chromatography confirmed that the oil from B. orellana is rich in δ-tocotrienol (72.0 ± 1.0%), while the oil from Cannabis sativa highlighted the presence of cannabidiol (CBD). The results from the experimental pain tests indicated that the combined administration of formulations containing Bixa orellana and C. sativa, such as the granulated CHR OR (400 mg/kg, orally) with CSE (40 mg/kg, orally) or the nanodispersion CHR IN (10 mg/kg, intramuscularly) with CSE (40 mg/kg, orally), demonstrated significant results (p < 0.001) in pain reduction. Although the formulations containing Bixa orellana extract showed statistical significance in the tests when used in isolation, their effects were inferior compared to the combined use with CSE or the isolated use of CSE. These findings suggest that combining formulations containing extracts of these plant species may represent a viable therapeutic option, considering the synergistic action in reducing pain under the experimental conditions employed. Conclusions: these results imply that combining the phytocomplexes present in B. orellana and C. sativa may be a promising approach for pain treatment.
ANN-QSAR, Molecular Docking, ADMET Predictions, and Molecular Dynamics Studies of Isothiazole Derivatives to Design New and Selective Inhibitors of HCV Polymerase NS5B
Authors: Fattouche Maroua , Belaidi Salah , Abchir Oussama , Al-Shaar Walid , Younes Khaled , Al-Mogren Muneerah Mogren , Chtita Samir , Soualmia Fatima , Hochlaf Majdi
Published: December 2024

Background/Objectives: RNA polymerase (NS5B), serves as a crucial target for pharmaceutical interventions aimed at combating the hepatitis C virus (HCV), which poses significant health challenges worldwide. The present research endeavors to explore and implement a variety of advanced molecular modeling techniques that aim to create and identify innovative and highly effective inhibitors that specifically target the RNA polymerase enzyme. Methods: In this study, a QSAR investigation was carried out on a set of thirty-eight isothiazole derivatives targeting NS5B inhibition and thus hepatitis C virus (HCV) treatment. The research methodology made use of various statistical techniques including multiple linear regression (MLR) and artificial neural networks (ANNs) to develop satisfactory models in terms of internal and external validation parameters, indicating their reliability in predicting the activity of new inhibitors. Accordingly, a series of potent NS5B inhibitors is designed, and their inhibitory potential is confirmed through molecular docking simulations. Results: These simulations showed that the interactions between these inhibitors and the active site 221 binding pocket of the NS5B protein are hydrophobic and hydrogen bond interactions, as well as carbon–hydrogen bonds and electrostatic interactions. Additionally, these newly formulated compounds displayed favorable ADMET characteristics, with molecular dynamics investigations revealing a stable energetic state and dynamic equilibrium. Conclusions: Our work highlights the importance of NS5B inhibition for the treatment of HCV.