bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
In-Vitro pharmacological Activities of Delonix Elata Extract Mediated Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles
Authors: A. Agila A. Agila , Jeyaleela G. Dayana , Vimala J. Rosaline , Bharathy M. Stella , Sheela S. Margrat
Published: September 2022

Bio resource based metal oxide nanoparticles has potential biomedical applications. In recent years lot of research is concentrated on the production of semiconductor ZnO nanoparticles through a greener approach. The present study is focused on the biosynthesis of ZnO nanoparticles from the ethanolic extract of Delonix Elata leaves. The preliminary phytochemical screening analysis was carried out for the ethanolic extract of Delonix Elata leaves. The biosynthesized zinc oxide nanoparticles were characterized using modern analytical techniques such as UV-Visible spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infra Red Spectroscopy (FTIR), X-Ray Diffraction Analysis (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscopy Analysis (SEM) and Energy Dispersive X-Ray Analysis (EDAX). The antioxidant potential of the synthesized zinc oxide nanoparticles are investigated by DPPH free radical scavenging assay and anti-inflammatory activity by bovine serum denaturation assay. The outcome of the studies clearly showed that the zinc oxide nanoparticles synthesized from the ethanolic extract of Delonix Elata leaves have potential anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory properties.
Succinimide-N-sulfonic Acid Catalyzed One Pot, Efficient Synthesis of Substituted Pyrazoles
Authors: R. Kande Sagar
Published: September 2022

A simple, facile and expeditious method to synthesis the pyrazoles carried out by using hydrazine/hydrazide and 1,3-dicarbonyl compounds in high yield. This eco-friendly protocol was catalyzed by succinimide-N-sulfonic acid and efficiently carried using water as a solvent within 15 minutes. The synthesized pyrazoles were characterized by H1, C13 NMR and IR spectrums.
Expert clinical consensus in the delivery of hydrodilatation for the management of patients with a primary frozen shoulder
Authors: Thompson Helen , Brealey Stephen , Cook Elizabeth , Hadi Saif , Khan Shah H. M. , Rangan Amar
Published: September 2022

Aims

To achieve expert clinical consensus in the delivery of hydrodilatation for the treatment of primary frozen shoulder to inform clinical practice and the design of an intervention for evaluation.

Methods

We conducted a two-stage, electronic questionnaire-based, modified Delphi survey of shoulder experts in the UK NHS. Round one required positive, negative, or neutral ratings about hydrodilatation. In round two, each participant was reminded of their round one responses and the modal (or ‘group’) response from all participants. This allowed participants to modify their responses in round two. We proposed respectively mandating or encouraging elements of hydrodilatation with 100% and 90% positive consensus, and respectively disallowing or discouraging with 90% and 80% negative consensus. Other elements would be optional.

Results

Between 4 August 2020 and 4 August 2021, shoulder experts from 47 hospitals in the UK completed the study. There were 106 participants (consultant upper limb orthopaedic surgeons, n = 50; consultant radiologists, n = 52; consultant physiotherapist, n = 1; extended scope physiotherapists, n = 3) who completed round one, of whom 97 (92%) completed round two. No elements of hydrodilatation were “mandated” (100% positive rating). Elements that were “encouraged” (≥ 80% positive rating) were the use of image guidance, local anaesthetic, normal saline, and steroids to deliver the injection. Injecting according to patient tolerance, physiotherapy, and home exercises were also “encouraged”. No elements were “discouraged” (≥ 80% negative rating) although using hypertonic saline was rated as being “disallowed” (≥ 90% negative rating).

Conclusion

In the absence of rigorous evidence, our Delphi study allowed us to achieve expert consensus about positive, negative, and neutral ratings of hydrodilatation in the management of frozen shoulder in a hospital setting. This should inform clinical practice and the design of an intervention for evaluation. Cite this article: Bone Jt Open 2022;3(9):701–709.
DESENVOLVIMENTO MUNICIPAL NAS MESORREGIÕES DIFERENCIADAS DA AMAZÔNIA OCIDENTAL
Authors: Almeida Freitas Lara Brunelle , Ferrera de Lima Jandir
Published: September 2022

Esse artigo analisa a atratividade e a disparidade no desenvolvimento socioeconômico dos municípios que compõem as Mesorregiões Diferenciadas Alto do Solimões e Vale do Rio Acre, ambas localizadas na área ocidental do espaço da Amazônia legal brasileira.  A metodologia utilizada foi a estimativa dos índices de centralidade e disparidade regional a partir de dados da população, de crescimento e desenvolvimento socioeconômico. Os resultados demonstraram que os municípios melhoraram seus indicadores de desenvolvimento humano, mas ainda não conseguiram avançar em emprego e renda. A convergência dos indicadores socioeconômicos foi positiva, mas a centralidade dos municípios centrais continua bem significativa.
Functional Outcome Following Concurrent Medial Meniscus Posterior Horn Root Repair during High Tibial Osteotomy in Early Medial Compartment Osteoarthritis
Authors: Pilar Anoop , Mohan M Madan , L K Sunil , Babu S Surendra , Sekaran Padmanabhan , Amaravathi Rajkumar S.
Published: September 2022

Background: Meniscal root tears cause biomechanical changes comparable to a total meniscectomy. The resultant compromise in hoop stress, leads to decreased tibiofemoral contact area and increased contact pressure. This will lead to early arthritis. The meniscus root tear causes more detrimental changes in people with varus alignment of the lower limb. This increases the chances of progression to arthritis, causing joint pain and functional limitation, eventually necessitating early replacement surgery. Surgical management with repair of the meniscus, with corrective osteotomy restoring the normal anatomy, has been reported to improve clinical and functional outcomes and delay the replacement surgery. This study aimed to evaluate the functional outcome following concurrent Medial meniscus posterior horn root (MMPHRTs) repair during open medial wedge high tibial osteotomy (HTO) with medial osteoarthritis. Methods: We performed posterior horn root repair with open medial wedge HTO in 9 patients, between 2016 and 2021. The mean follow-up of patients was 2 years. The mean Lysholm and IKDC scores showed significant improvement (7 had excellent and 2 had satisfactory scores). Patients returned to their expected activity of daily living. Conclusion: Concurrent MMPHRT repair along with medial open wedge HTO for medial compartmental osteoarthritis with varus alignment gives good results and has shown good clinical and radiological outcome on short term follow-up. Keywords: Meniscal root tear, Medial open wedge HTO, Preoperative planning, Outcome.
The combination of Lactobacillus sp. and turmeric flour (Curcuma longa) in feed on growth, feed conversion and survival ratio of Litopenaeus vannamei Boone, 1931
Authors: Mulyadi Akhmad , Djunaidah Iin Siti , Rahardjo Sinung , Batubara Agung Setia
Published: September 2022

White shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) cultivation activities have developed rapidly in Indonesia. White shrimp aquaculture which is carried out intensively with high stocking densities has caused several problems, such as low survival and suboptimal growth. This study aimed to increase the growth, feed conversion, and survival of white shrimp through a combination of probiotics (Lactobacillus sp.) + turmeric flour (Curcuma longa) in feed. The method used in this study was Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with four treatment levels and three replications. The results revealed a significant effect (P0.05) on the value of the daily growth rate (DGR), absolute growth rate (AGR), specific growth rate (SGR), survival rate (SR), feed conversion ratio (FCR), and feed efficiency (FE), but no significant effect (P0.05) on the value of the absolute length rate (ALR). Giving probiotics 10 ml+5 g turmeric flour/kg feed (treatment B) was the best treatment for white shrimp aquaculture, including DGR, AGR, ALR, LPS, SR, FCR, and FE values. Furthermore, the results also revealed that increasing the concentration of turmeric flour in the feed, was negatively correlated to the growth and survival of white shrimp.
Differences in catching time and baits on the catch results of Krendet in Coastal Fishing Port (CFP) Sadeng, Gunungkidul, Yogyakarta
Authors: Putri Riris Amaylia , Suherman Agus , Jayanto Bogi Budi
Published: September 2022

Krendet is one of the fishing gears used to catch Lobster in the South Coast of Java. Krendet is a passive fishing gear. Lobster is a fishery commodity that has high economic value. This research was conducted to determine the difference in lobster catches based on differences in fishing time and bait types on Krendet fishing gear. The method used in this research is experimental fishing with 4 treatment combinations and 6 repetitions. The difference in fishing time used was morning – afternoon and afternoon – morning, while the bait used was trash fish and no bait as a control. This research was carried out in February 2021 in the waters around the Sadeng area, Gunung Kidul. The analysis carried out in this study used the Two Way Anova Test method. The results showed that the time difference had an effect on the number of catches. The effective time to catch Lobster is at night. This can be caused by Lobster's behavior or habits which tend to be active at night. Giving bait to Krendet is also able to increase the number of catches. The trash fish bait is able to lure the Lobster to come closer to Krendet. Giving bait to Krendet is also able to increase the number of catches. The trash fish bait is able to lure the Lobster to come closer to Krendet so that the Lobster can be trapped.Keywords:KrendetLobsterCoastal Fishing PortSadeng
BACK MATTER
Authors: Matter Back
Published: September 2022

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September 2022 Medical Image of the Month: Epiglottic Calcification
Authors:   Franciscan Health, Olympia Fields, IL USA, Punatar Shil , Song Dayoung , Zaman Azkaa , Jiao Benjamin , Spyratos Tilemahos
Published: September 2022

No abstract available. Manuscript truncated after 150 words. In consideration of dysphagia, most cases predominate in the oropharyngeal region with the remainder caused primary by esophageal causes. Lesser known and studied is the development of dysphagia and globus sensation from epiglottic pathology, namely epiglottic calcification. With less than a dozen published cases in literature, very little data exists on identification, diagnosis, and treatment of this known cause of morbidity. Here we present a case of oropharyngeal dysphagia arising from a rare cause, epiglottic calcification. An 81-year-old man with a history of aortic stenosis and carotid artery stenosis presented with worsening dysphagia over the course of one month. The patient reported significant dysphagia, initially to solids and subsequently to liquids causing a weight loss of over 50 pounds. Physical exam of the oropharynx and neck were unremarkable. A bedside swallow evaluation suggested mildly decreased hyolaryngeal movement, but no other significant abnormalities. A barium swallow study revealed incomplete epiglottic excursion …
Excitation Period Optimization of Photothermal Signals for Gas Sensing
Authors: Radeschnnig Ulrich , Lang Benjamin , Bergmann Alexander
Published: September 2022

Photothermal spectroscopy is a promising technique for monitoring gas concentrations. We provide an approach to signal enhancement relying upon the ratio between excitation frequency and gas flow velocity. Our statements are supported experimentally and theoretically.
Spatiotemporal singular value decomposition for denoising in photoacoustic imaging with a low-energy excitation light source
Authors: Shi Mengjie , Vercauteren Tom , Xia Wenfeng
Published: September 2022

Photoacoustic (PA) imaging is an emerging hybrid imaging modality that combines rich optical spectroscopic contrast and high ultrasonic resolution, and thus holds tremendous promise for a wide range of pre-clinical and clinical applications. Compact and affordable light sources such as light-emitting diodes (LEDs) and laser diodes (LDs) are promising alternatives to bulky and expensive solid-state laser systems that are commonly used as PA light sources. These could accelerate the clinical translation of PA technology. However, PA signals generated with these light sources are readily degraded by noise due to the low optical fluence, leading to decreased signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) in PA images. In this work, a spatiotemporal singular value decomposition (SVD) based PA denoising method was investigated for these light sources that usually have low fluence and high repetition rates. The proposed method leverages both spatial and temporal correlations between radiofrequency (RF) data frames. Validation was performed on simulations and in vivo PA data acquired from human fingers (2D) and forearm (3D) using a LED-based system. Spatiotemporal SVD greatly enhanced the PA signals of blood vessels corrupted by noise while preserving a high temporal resolution to slow motions, improving the SNR of in vivo PA images by 90.3%, 56.0%, and 187.4% compared to single frame-based wavelet denoising, averaging across 200 frames, and single frame without denoising, respectively. With a fast processing time of SVD (∼50 µs per frame), the proposed method is well suited to PA imaging systems with low-energy excitation light sources for real-time in vivo applications.
Study on the transmission characteristics and band structure of 2D and 3D plasma photonic crystals
Authors: Liang Yichao , Liang Zhuqing , Liu Zhen , Jun Peng , Qiu Dianqing
Published: September 2022

In this paper, 2D and 3D plasma photonic crystals (PPCs) were constructed using argon-mercury glow discharge tubes. Firstly, the collisional radiative model (CRM) was established for the glow discharge process, the average electron density of plasma in the discharge tube was calculated, and the average electron density was experimentally diagnosed by microwave diagnosis. By comparing the calculated and experimental results, the variation range of the average electron density in the tube was given. Secondly, according to the analysis results of the average electron density, a layered model of the discharge tube was established, and the transmission characteristics of the 2D and 3D PPC were calculated and measured. Finally, to analyze the cause of the photonic bandgap (PBG) in the transmission spectra, the band structures of 2D and 3D PPC were calculated using the plane wave expansion (PWE) method and the symplectic finite difference time domain (SFDTD) method. The results show that: the layered model is a valid discharge tube model; for 2D PPC, the formation of Localized Surface Plasmons (LSPs) under TE polarization is the main cause of PBG generation, and the number of LSP bandgap increases as the electron density rises; The existence of cutoff bandgap under TM polarization is due to the cutoff effect of plasma on electromagnetic waves. For 3D PPC, both cutoff bandgap and LSP bandgap exist in the transmission spectra, and the cutoff bandgap is shifted to lower frequencies due to the presence of Fano mode. The results of the study can be used as a reference for communication, microwave device fabrication, and military target stealth.
Neural-network-based direct waveform to symbol conversion for joint ISI and ICI cancellation in non-orthogonal multi-band CAP based UDWDM fiber-mmWave integration
Authors: Chen Jiang , Jia Junlian , Xing Sizhe , Wang Jiaye , Shi Jianyang , Zhang Junwen , Chi Nan
Published: September 2022

The six-generation mobile network (6G) based on millimeter-wave (mmWave) is expected to deliver more capacity and higher connection density compared with 5G. We demonstrate an ultra-dense wavelength division multiplexing (UDWDM) fiber-mmWave integration network based on non-orthogonal multiband carrier less amplitude and phase (NM-CAP) modulation to address the needs for dense access cells, high-spectral efficiency, and high data rate. We demonstrate a neural-network-based waveform to symbol converter (NNWSC), which can directly convert the received NM-CAP waveform into quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) symbols to simultaneously handle the inter-symbol interference (ISI) and inter-channel interference (ICI), without the need for conventional matched filters and additional ISI and ICI equalizers. Experimental results show that this method is also effective for QAM constellations with probabilistic shaping. Since NNWSC simplifies the demodulation process of NM-CAP and avoids error accumulation caused by cascading filters and post-equalizers, NNWSC can reduce the computational complexity and provide good performance. Compared with the regular receiver with cascaded least mean square equalizer, matched filters, and ICI equalizer, NNWSC can reduce the computational complexity by 93%. The demonstrated spectrally efficient fiber-mmWave transmission is achieved at a total 414-Gbps net data rate with 24 PS-QAM NM-CAP sub-bands on 8 UDWDM channels with 25-GHz spacing.
Chalcogenide thin films with large third order optical nonlinearities for photonic applications
Authors: Verrone R.-N. , Kandy A. Karimbana , Natoli J.-Y. , Lumeau J. , Iliopoulos K.
Published: September 2022

Thin Sb2Te3 films with large third order optical nonlinearities have been studied by means of the Z-scan technique using femtosecond laser pulses. Significant responses have been found for films having thicknesses of about 10 nm.
Laser-Induced Damage Mechanism of Thin Films for 193-nm multiple pulses
Authors: Motokoshi Shinji , Fujioka Kana , Kawanaka Junji
Published: September 2022

Laser-induced damage thresholds (LIDTs) of fluoride thin films at 193-nm were estimated by irradiation of 2 laser pulses with different separate time of 0.01 to 1.0 seconds. As the separate time was 0.01 second, the LIDT was reduced to about half of 1 pulse LIDT. The transmittance at 100Hz repetition pulses also decreased remarkably. As a result, it would be concluded that the mechanism of the decrease in LIDT was due to the formation of defects and free-electrons.
Impact of Aluminum Alloying for Improved Optical Performance in Thick Silver Films
Authors: Appleget Chelsea D. , Folgner Kelsey A. , Wissuchek Forrest , Dunscombe Samuel L. , Adams Paul M. , Sitzman Scott D. , Lingley Zachary R. , Barrie James D.
Published: September 2022

Varying compositions of aluminum-silver alloy films were synthesized to mitigate grain growth effects with increasing film thickness. Tailoring the microstructure by introducing a hcp Ag2Al phase significantly improved optical scatter and reflectance in thick films.
Durable anti-reflection coatings for endoscope windows
Authors: Munzert Peter , Bingel Astrid , Schwinde Stefan
Published: September 2022

For endoscope windows, there are no satisfying solutions for durable AR-coatings on the heavily stressed outer surfaces. We have developed an interference coating which withstands disinfection and sterilization, essential for clinical application.
Hydrophilicity Evaluation of Low Refractive Index SiO2 Optical Thin Films by Electron Beam and Sputtering Evaporation
Authors: Ito Mutsuki , Murotani Hiroshi , Matsudaira Takayuki
Published: September 2022

Excellent hydrophilic films can be produced by combination coating method of sputtering and electron beam deposition.
Contribution of trapped light scattering in the energy balance of multilayers: wavelength and modal variations
Authors: Amra Claude , Zerrad Myriam , Lequime Michel
Published: September 2022

We analyze the wavelength behavior of trapped light scattering transferred to guided modes within multilayer optics. This trapped light may largely dominate the free-space scattering which emerges in air.
Broadband infrared absorber based on a sputter deposited hydrogenated carbon multilayer enhancing MOEMS based CMOS thermopile performance
Authors: Ahmadzadeh Sam , Gibson Des , Fleming Lewis , Hutson David , Mcgann Greg , Song Shigeng , Belke Ameen , James Allan , Wells Stephen , Forsyth Alan , Bruckshaw Suzanne
Published: September 2022

Absorber optical coating with maximised broadband infrared absorptance is deposited using pulsed DC sputter deposited hydrogenated carbon. Application to MOEMS CMOS thermopile device is demonstrated with thermopile device output increased 220%.
Wide-angle broadband antireflection with Nano-taper hydrated alumina film
Authors: Wang Hailan , Shen Weidong , Yang Chenying , Zhang Yueguang , Zheng Tingting
Published: September 2022

Wide-angle and broadband antireflection coating is proposed including the nano-tapered Al2O3•xH2O structure and high-low index multilayer film. The average reflectance values for 400-1100nm are 0.40% and 3.13% at AOI of 6° and 60°.
When do patterned thin-film filters become too tiny?
Authors: Goossens Thomas
Published: September 2022

The performance of patterned thin-film filters is limited by their finite size due to the limited number of reflections in the layers at oblique incidence. A Matlab toolbox enabling fast simulation is presented.
Analysis of the Influence of the Spectral Response for Rugate Filters by Modifying the Frequency Domain
Authors: Emmanuel Villa-Flores EVF , Roberto Machorro-Mejía RMM
Published: September 2022

The influence of rugate filters optical thicknesses for achieving accurate spectral responses is theoretically demonstrated using the Fourier synthesis method. Optimal optical thickness considering experimental reproduction is also discussed.
Design of giant field enhancement in multilayers for sensor applications
Authors: Zerrad Myriam , Niu Dikai , Aubry Vincent , Moreau Antonin , Raimbault Vincent , Courson Rémi , Malaquin Laurent , Zapien Juan Antonio , Passian Ali , Lemarchand Fabien , Lereu Aude , Lumeau Julien , Lequime Michel , Amra Claude
Published: September 2022

We operate several methods to design huge field enhancement in optical coatings under free space illumination. The advantages and limitations of each technique are compared. Numerical and experimental examples of applications are given.
Distributed Bragg Reflector Designs for the Shortwave Infrared with Complex Active Layers
Authors: Drees Angelica , Sun Lirong , Stevenson Peter R. , Sarangan Andrew
Published: September 2022

We demonstrate a novel approach to designing a distributed Bragg reflector consisting of a complex-index material (i.e., gold and VO2). The field enhancement is used to reduce the optical limiting threshold and increase nonlinearity.
Hybrid Machine Learning and Optimization Methods for Optical Coating Designs
Authors: Wang Haozhu , Guo L. Jay
Published: September 2022

Numerical optimization methods for optical coating designs are often time-consuming. In this work, we show that combining machine learning with optimization can improve efficiency and even lead to better designs.
Atomic layer deposition of magnesium fluoride for optical application
Authors: Sugai Yuma , Sato Toshihiko , Sugata Hironori , Sakano Yohei , Okuyama Satoshi , Sugawara Takuya , Safdar Muhammad , Hämäläinen Jani , Suni Tommi
Published: September 2022

Magnesium fluoride (MgF2) thin films deposited using atomic layer deposition (ALD) were studied for use as optical coatings. The deposition was performed in a commercially available Picosun R-200 Advanced ALD reactor. Characterization of these films was performed using spectroscopic ellipsometry (SE), X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS), Rutherford Backscattering Spectrometry (RBS), Scanning electron microscopes (SEM) and spectrophotometer for thin films deposited on silicon substrates and quartz lens. ALD deposited films showed high R+T at wavelength down to 350 nm, low oxygen and carbon concentration in the films.
A digital twin for PVD deposition of tailored coatings on 3D substrates
Authors: Pflug Andreas , Bruns Stefan , Zickenrott Tobias , Britze Chris , Vergöhl Michael
Published: September 2022

Due to its high film quality, reproducibility and deposition rate, magnetron sputtering is an established technology for production of optical filters. Optical devices benefit from the possibility to deposit coatings directly onto diffractive elements such as lenses. This reduces the number of components and internal reflections but requires a tailored thickness distribution, which is challenging to achieve e.g. via uniformity masks. We demonstrate that a digital twin derived from physical process modelling can successfully predict the deposition profile on 3D substrates and thereby minimize the number of pre-deposition experiments.
The coating and fabrication of freeform optics in the infrared range
Authors: Wang Zhanshan , Yu Jun , Jiao Hongfei , Zhang Jinlong
Published: September 2022

On machine measurement and tool path compensation methods are introduced to improve the accuracy for fabrication of freeform optics in infrared range. The design and deposition of coatings for the dual-band system is also presented.
Optical Filter Wavefront Distortion: Out-of-band to In-band Predictions and the Effect of the Illumination Source Bandwidth
Authors: Carlow Graham , Guay Jean-Michel , Christou Alex , Montcalm Claude , Badeen Adam , Sullivan Brian T.
Published: September 2022

Measurement of wavefront distortion (WD) of optical filters is very sensitive to the filter wavelength and the bandwidth of the illumination source. We demonstrate WD measurements and analysis methods when a wavefront sensor system is not capable of measuring the filter at its operating wavelength or angle of incidence.
Tuning the optical response of complex metal islands films for near infrared coatings
Authors: Sancho-Parramon Jordi , Janicki Vesna , Bubaš Matej , Fabijanić Ivana , Hedl Elizabeth , Bregović Vesna Blažek , Samec Željko
Published: September 2022

Different approaches for tailoring the effective optical constants of complex island films in the near-infrared range are presented. Nearly-percolated films with finely tuned optical properties may be used as highly-lossy materials in novel optical coatings.
Multiple Redox Cycles Deposit Atomic-scale Pt on Photocathodes under Light for Improved Solar-to-hydrogen Energy Conversion
Authors: Choi Ji Hoon , Kim Dong Su , Lee Hak Hyeon , Cho Hyung Koun
Published: September 2022

In this study, p-Cu2O was fabricated by electrodeposition for controllable thin film coating. Also, we designed a illuminated deposition technique capable of coating atomic-scale Pt catalysts with optimal performance on the photocathode surface.
Light-Scattering Properties of Low Refractive Index SiO2 Optical Thin Films Deposited by a Combination Coating Method of Sputter Deposition and Electron Beam Deposition
Authors: Wakamiya Taisei , Murotani Hiroshi , Matsudaira Takayuki
Published: September 2022

This report discusses a method for evaluating the light-scattering properties by pores in low refractive index SiO2 optical thin films that were deposited by a combination coating method of sputter deposition and electron beam deposition.
Optical and Physical Properties of Annealed Amorphous Nb2O5 Thin Films
Authors: Aljumaily G.A. , Carver G.E. , Barton J.B. , Locknar S.A. , Chanda S.K. , Johnson R.L.
Published: September 2022

The impact of post-deposition annealing on the optical and physical properties of sputtered and evaporated metal-oxide coatings was examined. Models based on the Lorentz-Lorenz equation and potential energy considerations are used to explain the data.
Backscattering Reduction of Multilayer Coatings through Oblique Deposition
Authors: Wang Fumei , Fang Shenghuan , Zhang Jinlong , Jiao Hongfei , Cheng Xinbin , Wang Zhanshan
Published: September 2022

To suppress the backscattering toward the incident beam in laser gyroscopes, we designed and produced the HR coatings successfully through ion beam sputtering deposition at oblique angle, and the results are demonstrated.
Immediate and one-point roughness measurements using spectrally shaped light
Authors: Buet Xavier , Zerrad Myriam , Lequime Michel , Soriano Gabriel , Amra Claude , Godeme Jean-Jacques-Narcisse , Fadili Jalal
Published: September 2022

We operate a different approach to usual scattering measurements that is free of any mechanical movement. Scattering is measured at one direction. Illumination with a well-chosen wavelength spectrum immediately gives the roughness of the sample.
Measurement of the spectral dependence of the amplitude and phase properties of laser line antireflection coatings using balanced low coherence interferometry
Authors: Khan Imran , Lequime Michel , Zerrad Myriam , Amra Claude
Published: September 2022

We show how the use of a balanced low coherence interferometric scheme allows the ultra-low coefficient of reflection of a laser line antireflection coating to be ac-curately measured, together in amplitude and phase.
Microwave Plasma Assisted Magnetron Sputtering of Infrared Multilayer Thin Film Bandpass Filters for application in non-dispersive infrared gas sensors
Authors: Pomfret Jonathan , Gibson Des , Fleming Lewis , Song Shigeng , McGann Greg , Ahmadzadeh Sam , Mackay Peter
Published: September 2022

Infrared bandpass filters deposited using microwave plasma assisted pulsed DC magnetron sputtering are described. Thermo-optical and spectral properties across a range of environmental conditions suitable for use in NDIR gas sensors are demonstrated.
Correction mask for large-area anti-reflection coatings deposited using a plasma-assisted reactive magnetron sputtering
Authors: Tang Chien-Jen , Chen Yi
Published: September 2022

Comparison of simulated and experimental correction-mask for high-uniformity anti-reflection coatings on large-area substrates deposited using a plasma-assisted reactive magnetron sputtering. A mask for optimizing film-thickness uniformity designed using a simulation program was less than ±1.3%.
Dichromic Mirror for Mid-infrared Laser Beam Combination
Authors: Cao Jian , Jiang Binbin , Jiao Hongfei , Zhang Jinlong , Cheng Xinbin , Wang Zhanshan
Published: September 2022

A mid-infrared laser beam combination mirror with good spectral and laser damage resistance was successfully fabricated by evaporation technique. The overall characteristic had been studied in detail.
Temporal characteristics of light intensification within nodular coating defects
Authors: Stolz Christopher J. , Feigenbaum Eyal
Published: September 2022

Nodular defect shape and laser incidence angle has a dramatic impact on the spatial distribution of light intensification as well as how the laser light is drained from the defect.
High-Accuracy Measurement of Mid-IR Refractive Indices of GaAs/AlGaAs in Thin-Film Multilayers
Authors: Perner Lukas W. , Winkler Georg , Truong Gar-Wing , Follman David , Fellinger Jakob , Prinz Maximilian , Puchegger Stephan , Cole Garrett D. , Heckl Oliver H.
Published: September 2022

We report a method to measure the refractive index of two or more materials in as-deposited thin-film structures by analysis of FTIR transmittance spectra and extraction of layer thicknesses via SEM, yielding excellent results for a GaAs/AlGaAs DBR.
Improving Particle Performance in Plasma Enhanced Magnetron Sputtering
Authors: Thöny S. Schwyn , Bärtschi M. , Waldner St. , Frei Th.
Published: September 2022

Particle performance of optical coatings is gaining increasing importance. This paper will show how the particle performance of magnetron sputtered coatings can be characterized and how the particle performance could strongly be improved based on these findings.
On-axis phase-shifting correlation holography with un-polarized light
Authors: Sarkar Tushar , Chandra Sourav , Tiwari Vipin , Bisht Nandan S. , Das Bhargab , Singh Rakesh Kumar
Published: September 2022

We propose and experimentally demonstrate an on-axis phase-shifting correlation holography technique with un-polarized light. The randomness of the un-polarized light is exploited to evaluate the higher-order polarization correlation and to consequently apply it in the reconstruction of the hologram from the randomness. A detailed theoretical analysis is developed and verified by numerical simulations and followed by experimental demonstrations. To validate the application of the proposed technique, imaging of different helical phase objects with randomness is presented. A good affinity is found between simulation and experimental results, which validates the accuracy of the proposed technique.
Computational microscopy for fast widefield deep-tissue fluorescence imaging using a commercial dual-cannula probe
Authors: Mitra Ekata , Guo Ruipeng , Nelson Soren , Nagarajan Naveen , Menon Rajesh
Published: September 2022

A solid-glass cannula serves as a micro-endoscope that can deliver excitation light deep inside tissue while also collecting emitted fluorescence. Then, we utilize deep neural networks to reconstruct images from the collected intensity distributions. By using a commercially available dual-cannula probe, and training a separate deep neural network for each cannula, we effectively double the field of view compared to prior work. We demonstrated ex vivo imaging of fluorescent beads and brain slices and in vivo imaging from whole brains. We clearly resolved 4 µm beads, with FOV from each cannula of 0.2 mm (diameter), and produced images from a depth of ∼1.2 mm in the whole brain, currently limited primarily by the labeling. Since no scanning is required, fast widefield fluorescence imaging limited primarily by the brightness of the fluorophores, collection efficiency of our system, and the frame rate of the camera becomes possible.
Lipid lowering therapy patterns and the risk of cardiovascular events in the 1-year after acute myocardial infarction in United Arab Emirates
Authors: Pinto Lionel , Farghaly Mohamed , Nunna Sasikiran , Chickballapur Ramachandrachar Badarinath , Chilukuri Sri Harshadeep , Natarajan Ashok
Published: September 2022

Aim

In United Arab Emirates, cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a leading cause of mortality and 22% of CVD deaths are attributable to acute myocardial infarction (MI). Adherence to guidelines for lipid management is incompletely described in the Middle East. This study aimed to characterize lipid lowering therapy (LLT) patterns and the risk of subsequent cardiovascular events (CVEs) in the first year after MI.

Methods

This was a retrospective cohort study using the Dubai Real-World Claims Database, including all patients discharged with MI between January 01, 2015 and December 31, 2018, followed-up until December 31, 2019.

Results

In the first year after MI, 8.42% of 4,595 patients included experienced at least one recurrent MI (rate 6.77 events/100 person-years [PYs]), 2.94% had one revascularization (cumulative rate 0.55 events/100 PYs) and 2.66% had one hospitalization due to unstable angina (cumulative rate 5.16 new events/100 PYs). The majority (60.40%) of the patients presented with LDL-C levels ≥ 70 mg/dL after MI. In the first year after MI, 93.45% of the patients received LLT, mainly high-intensity statin (67.79%); with a minority of patients receiving statin + ezetimibe (4.55%), PCSK9i (0.20%) or ezetimibe alone (0.07%).

Conclusion

Patients hospitalized with MI in Dubai present an increased risk of CVEs in their first-year post-discharge. Majority of the patients presented with LDL-C levels above 70 mg/dL, which indicates suboptimal lipid control with existing LLT, particularly in high-risk patients.
Can microprocessor knees reduce the disparity in trips and falls risks between above and below knee prosthesis users?
Authors: McGrath Michael , Gray Laura A. , Rek Beata , Davies Kate C. , Savage Zoe , McLean Jane , Stenson Alison , Zahedi Saeed
Published: September 2022

While all lower limb prosthesis walkers have a high risk of tripping and/or falling, above knee prosthesis users are reported to fall more frequently. Recognising this, engineers designed microprocessor knees (MPK) to help mitigate these risks, but to what extent these devices reduce this disparity between above and below knee users is unclear. A service review was carried out in a prosthetic limb centre regarding the frequency of trips and falls in the previous four weeks. Data from unilateral, community ambulators were extracted. Ordered logistic regressions were applied to investigate whether MPKs mitigated the increased risk of trips and falls for prosthetic knee users, compared to below knee prosthesis users. Socio-demographics (sex, age), prosthesis (prosthesis type, years of use), health (comorbidities, vision, contralateral limb status, medication), and physical function (use of additional walking aids, activity level) were included as covariates. Of the 315 participants in the analysis, 57.5% reported tripping and 20.3% reported falling. Non-microprocessor prosthetic knee (non-MPK) users were shown to trip significantly more than below knee prosthesis users (OR = 1.96, 95% CI = 1.17–3.28). Other covariates showing a significant association included contralateral limb injuries (OR = 1.91, 95% CI = 1.15–3.18) and using an additional walking aid (OR = 1.99, 95% CI = 1.13–3.50). Non-MPK users were also shown to fall significantly more than below knee prosthesis users (OR = 3.34, 95% CI = 1.73–6.45), with no other covariates showing a significant association. MPK users did not show an increased frequency of trips (OR = 0.74, 95% CI = 0.33–1.64) or falls (OR = 0.34, 95% CI = 0.18–2.62), compared to below knee prosthesis users. Of those who tripped at least once in the previous four weeks, those using a non-MPK (OR = 2.73, 95% CI = 1.30–5.74) presented an increased frequency of falling. These findings provide evidence to suggest that the use of MPKs reduces the difference in falls risk between above knee and below knee prosthesis users, providing justification for their provision.
The acceptability of photovoice as a method for incorporating resilience-enhancing factors into pediatric pain research
Authors: Donovan Elizabeth , Tanson Katherina , Martin Sarah R. , Weston Georgia , Griffin Anya , Zeltzer Lonnie K.
Published: September 2022

Recurrent or chronic pain affects 11–38% of children and adolescents. Pediatric pain research typically focuses on risk factors, such as anxiety and parent functional disability, but resilience-building, protective factors also play an important role in the pain experience. New methods to incorporate resilience-enhancing factors into pain research are needed. Photovoice is a highly participatory research method, where participants take photos to address a common question, caption their photos, and discuss the meaning of the photos in a group. The main objective of this study was to determine whether photovoice is an acceptable method to young people living with chronic pain for identifying and sharing sources of joy. Another objective was to explore sources of joy. Sixteen adolescents and young adults participated, which involved meeting in a group to discuss the goal of the study, taking photographs of self-identified sources of joy over a two-week period, and meeting as a group again to discuss the photographs and participate in a focus group about the experience. Results suggest that photovoice is an acceptable method, as all participants took photographs and attended both meetings, and three themes from the focus group data suggested the participants considered photovoice to be appropriate: 1.) Relief associated with meeting peers, 2.) Potential to benefit young people living with pain, and 3.) Potential to raise awareness. Three themes emerged from the discussion of the photographs to describe sources of joy: 1.) Gratitude for everyday pleasures and accomplishments, 2.) Support from pets, and 3.) Journey of acceptance. Results add to the strengths-based literature on pediatric pain by identifying an acceptable method that could be further explored for use as an intervention to enhance protective factors such as positive affect, gratitude, and social support and to compare the experiences of different populations of youth living with pain.
Fish as sentinels of antimicrobial resistant bacteria, epidemic carbapenemase genes, and antibiotics in surface water
Authors: Ballash Gregory A. , Baesu Anca , Lee Seungjun , Mills Molly C. , Mollenkopf Dixie F. , Sullivan S. Mažeika P. , Lee Jiyoung , Bayen Stephen , Wittum Thomas E.
Published: September 2022

Surface waters, especially those receiving wastewater flows, can disseminate antimicrobial resistant bacteria (ARB), antimicrobial resistance genes (ARG), and antibiotics. In the Scioto River of central Ohio, United States, we evaluated fishes as potential sentinels of ARB and antimicrobial contamination and investigated the influence of antimicrobial exposure on the fish intestinal resistome. Seventy-seven fish were collected from river reaches receiving inputs from two wastewater treatment plants that serve the greater Columbus Metropolitan Area. Fish were screened for the presence of cephalosporin-resistant (CeRO) and carbapenem-resistant (CRO) organisms, epidemic carbapenemase genes, and antibiotic drugs and metabolites using culture methods, droplet digital PCR, and ultra-high performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectroscopy (UHPLC-MS/MS). Nearly 21% of fish harbored a CeRO in their resistome, with 19.4% exhibiting bacteria expressing an AmpC genotype encoded by blaCMY, and 7.7% with bacteria expressing an extended-spectrum β-lactamase phenotype encoded by blaCTX-M. blaKPC and blaNDM were present in 87.7% (57/65) and 80.4% (37/46) of the intestinal samples at an average abundance of 104 copies. Three antibiotics–lincomycin (19.5%), azithromycin (31.2%) and sulfamethoxazole (3.9%)–were found in hepatic samples at average concentrations between 25–31 ng/g. Fish harboring blaCTX-M and those exposed to azithromycin were at greater odds of being downstream of a wastewater treatment plant. Fish that bioconcentrated antibiotics in their liver were not at greater odds of harboring CeRO, CRO, or epidemic carbapenemase gene copies in their resistome. Our findings confirm that fishes can be effective bioindicators of surface waters contaminated with ARB, ARG, and antibiotics. Moreover, our findings highlight the varying importance of different mechanisms that facilitate establishment of ARB in aquatic ecosystems.
Disparities in scientific research activity between doctors and nurses working in the Peruvian health care system: Analysis of a nationally representative sample
Authors: Vergara-Mejía Angélica , Niño-Garcia Roberto , Zeta-Solis Ludwing , Soto-Becerra Percy , Al-kassab-Córdova Ali , Pereyra-Elías Reneé , Cabieses Báltica , Mezones-Holguin Edward
Published: September 2022

Aim

To evaluate disparities in the frequency of scientific activity between medical doctors and nurses in Peru.

Methods

We carried out a secondary data analysis of the National Health Services Users’ Satisfaction Survey (ENSUSALUD), 2016. This nationally representative survey evaluates doctors and nurses working in clinical settings. We defined scientific activity as i) having published an original article (journal indexed in Web of Science, Scopus or Medline); and ii) having authored an abstract in a national or international conference. We estimated crude and adjusted disparities prevalence ratios (aDPR) and 95% confidence intervals (95%CI).

Results

We included 2025 doctors and 2877 nurses in the analysis; 71% of doctors doctor were male, and 93% of nurses were female (p<0.001). Among doctors, 13.9% had published an article, and 8.4% presented an abstract at a conference in the last two years, while these proportions were 0.6% and 2.5% for nurses, respectively. The adjusted models showed that doctors, when compared to nurses, were approximately 27 times likely to have published a paper (aDPR = 27.86; 95% CI 10.46 to 74.19) and twice as likely to have authored a conference abstract (aDPR = 2.51; 95% CI 1.39 to 4.53).

Conclusions

There are important disparities in scientific activity between doctors and nurses working in clinical settings in Peru. Disparities are more significant for article publication than for authoring in conference abstracts. We suggest public policies that promote research dissemination between health professionals, with emphasis on nurses.
Global change differentially modulates Caribbean coral physiology
Authors: Bove Colleen B. , Davies Sarah W. , Ries Justin B. , Umbanhowar James , Thomasson Bailey C. , Farquhar Elizabeth B. , McCoppin Jess A. , Castillo Karl D.
Published: September 2022

Global change driven by anthropogenic carbon emissions is altering ecosystems at unprecedented rates, especially coral reefs, whose symbiosis with algal symbionts is particularly vulnerable to increasing ocean temperatures and altered carbonate chemistry. Here, we assess the physiological responses of three Caribbean coral (animal host + algal symbiont) species from an inshore and offshore reef environment after exposure to simulated ocean warming (28, 31°C), acidification (300–3290 μatm), and the combination of stressors for 93 days. We used multidimensional analyses to assess how a variety of coral physiological parameters respond to ocean acidification and warming. Our results demonstrate reductions in coral health inSiderastrea sidereaandPorites astreoidesin response to projected ocean acidification, while future warming elicited severe declines inPseudodiploria strigosa. OffshoreS.sidereafragments exhibited higher physiological plasticity than inshore counterparts, suggesting that this offshore population was more susceptible to changing conditions. There were no plasticity differences inP.strigosaandP.astreoidesbetween natal reef environments, however, temperature evoked stronger responses in both species. Interestingly, while each species exhibited unique physiological responses to ocean acidification and warming, when data from all three species are modelled together, convergent stress responses to these conditions are observed, highlighting the overall sensitivities of tropical corals to these stressors. Our results demonstrate that while ocean warming is a severe acute stressor that will have dire consequences for coral reefs globally, chronic exposure to acidification may also impact coral physiology to a greater extent in some species than previously assumed. Further, our study identifiesS.sidereaandP.astreoidesas potential ‘winners’ on future Caribbean coral reefs due to their resilience under projected global change stressors, whileP.strigosawill likely be a ‘loser’ due to their sensitivity to thermal stress events. Together, these species-specific responses to global change we observe will likely manifest in altered Caribbean reef assemblages in the future.
Mood symptoms predict COVID-19 pandemic distress but not vice versa: An 18-month longitudinal study
Authors: Katz Benjamin A. , Yovel Iftah
Published: September 2022

The COVID-19 pandemic has had medical, economic and behavioral implications on a global scale, with research emerging to indicate that it negatively impacted the population’s mental health as well. The current study utilizes longitudinal data to assess whether the pandemic led to an increase in depression and anxiety across participants or whether a diathesis-stress model would be more appropriate. An international group of 218 participants completed measures of depression, anxiety, rumination and distress intolerance at two baselines six months apart as well as during the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic exactly 12 months later. Contrary to expectations, depression, rumination, and distress intolerance were at equivalent levels during the pandemic as they were at baseline. Anxiety was reduced by a trivial degree (d = .10). Furthermore, a comparison of quantitative explanatory models indicated that symptom severity and pandemic-related environmental stressors predicted pandemic-related distress. Pandemic-related distress did not predict symptom severity. These findings underscore the necessity of longitudinal designs and diathesis-stress models in the study of mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic. They also emphasize that individuals with higher rates of baseline psychopathology are as particularly at risk for higher levels of distress in response to disaster-related stressors.