bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
META ANALISIS PENDEKATAN BERDIFERENSIASI PADA PEMBELAJARAN FISIKA
Authors: Raffi, Fadhila, Angle dan Intan M. Raffi Hidayah
Published: August 2024

Salah satu cara yang dapat diambil oleh guru untuk meningkatkan prestasi belajar dan keterampilan proses sains siswa dalam pembelajaran fisika di SMA adalah melalui penggunaan pendekatan berdiferensiasi. Pendekatan ini dikenal sebagai strategi instruksional yang membantu guru dalam manajemen kelas, mengarahkan pembelajaran, serta mendorong dan memantau perkembangan siswa sehingga setiap siswa dapat mencapai hasil belajar yang optimal. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi efektivitas pendekatan berdiferensiasi dalam pembelajaran fisika di SMA, menggunakan metode Meta Analisis dengan teknik perhitungan effect size. Sampel penelitian terdiri dari 20 artikel ber- ISSN. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan beberapa temuan penting: 1) Rata-rata effect size dari penerapan pendekatan berdiferensiasi dalam pembelajaran fisika di SMA adalah sebesar 1,95 dengan kategori tinggi. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa pendekatan berdiferensiasi efektif dalam meningkatkan hasil belajar dan keterampilan proses sains siswa dalam pembelajaran fisika di SMA; 2) Pada tingkat pendidikan SMA, pendekatan berdiferensiasi yang terbimbing memberikan pengaruh yang lebih besar dibandingkan dengan jenis pendekatan lainnya terhadap pembelajaran fisika. Dengan demikian, dapat disimpulkan bahwa penerapan pendekatan berdiferensiasi dalam pembelajaran fisika di SMA membawa dampak positif yang signifikan, terutama ketika pendekatan tersebut diarahkan dan dibimbing secara efektif.Kata kunci: Pendekatan Berdiferensiasi, Pembelajaran Fisika.
PROJECT BASED LEARNING (PJBL) MATA KULIAH TELAAH KURIKULUM TOPIK PEMBELAJARAN BERDIFERENSIASI UNTUK MENINGKATKAN KETERAMPILAN FASILITASI
Authors: Yolanda Yaspin , Mulyanto Ahmad Budi
Published: August 2024

Penelitian melibatkan 40 mahasiswa Pendidikan Fisika, dari bulan Januari s.d Mei 2024, dilatarbelakangi oleh rendahnya pemahaman dan kompetensi pedagogik mahasiswa dalam pengetahuan perencanaan pembelajaran dan praktik pembelajaran. Jenis penelitian eksperimen dengan analisa deskriptif kuantitatif.  Fokus masalah yaitu peningkatan keterampilan fasilitasi sebagai calon guru. Instrumen yang digunakan adalah 1) Lembar observasi keterampilan mengajar untuk observer, dan 2) Instrumen refleksi six thinking hats. Implementasi PJBL dilakukan sebanyak 12 kali yakni 1 kali pengenalan proyek dan membangun kesepakatan kelas, 5 kali dilakukan pembimbingan kelompok oleh dosen, dan 6 kali exhibition proyek. Hasilnya yakni keterampilan saat membuka pelajaran, menyampaikan indikator, apersepsi dan dengan capaian terampil. Selanjutnya pada kegiatan inti keterampilan bertanya dan memberikan pertanyaan dan umpan balik, penggunaan media digitalisasi, keterampilan memantik materi, keterampilan dalam mengelola kelas dengan capaian terampil. Kegiatan penutup menunjukkan keterampilan dalam menarik kesimpulan (inferensi), memfasilitasi refleksi dengan capaian terampil. Sehingga terdapat peningkatan keterampilan fasilitasi mahasiswa dengan N-gain 0.80 kategori tinggi, selama exhibition enam kali pertemuan kategori terampil.
Analysis Of The Effect Of Mass Variation On The Coefficient Of Friction On Wood
Authors: Munthe Clara Dwipuan , Syifa Aliyya Layyinatu , Setiaji Bayu
Published: August 2024

The purpose of this study is to determine the coefficients of kinetic and static friction in order to identify areas where we can reduce unwanted friction, thereby enhancing the performance and efficiency of various devices or machines we use daily. This research employs a quantitative approach with an experimental design or practical activities conducted in a laboratory or controlled environment, where specific variables can be accurately measured. The collected data will be analyzed in numerical or statistical form. The values indicate that the kinetic friction coefficient between wood and wood is the smallest, at 0.14. The kinetic friction coefficient between metal and wood ranges from 0.28 to 0.30. This means that the kinetic friction force acting on a wooden block on a wooden surface is the smallest compared to other materials. The static friction coefficient between wood and wood is the highest, at 0.40. The static friction coefficient between metal and wood ranges from 0.23 to 0.32. This indicates that the static friction force required to initiate the movement of a metal object on a wooden surface varies depending on the mass of the metal.
PENGUKURAN KARAKTERISTIK RESISTIVITAS PADA BAHAN GRAFIT PENSIL TIPE B, F DAN H
Authors: Hanam Eko Sulistio , Awilawati Wildy Adibah , Rismawati Ely
Published: August 2024

Bahan grafit pensil merupakan salah satu alotropi karbon yang memiliki banyak kegunaan, salah satunya adalah sebagai bahan elektroda. Grafit pensil dapat dijumpai secara luas karena biaya produksi yang cukup murah serta banyaknya variasi dari grafit pensil seperti grafit pensil tipe H, B, dan F yang dibedakan berdasarkan konsentrasi grafit. Penelitian bertujuan untuk menganalisis karakteristik resistivitas grafit pensil berbagai variasi tipe pensil sebagai optimasi tipe jenis grafit pensil yang memiliki resistivitas paling kecil sehingga dapat digunakan sebagai bahan elektroda. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, grafit pensil tipe B memiliki nilai resistivitas yang lebih kecil dibandingkan dengan tipe grafit pensil tipe F dan H, khususnya pada grafit pensil tipe 2B. Hal ini menunjukkan tipe pensil B memiliki kemampuan menghantarkan listrik lebih baik dibandingkan tipe F dan H. Semakin besar indeks angka pada tipe pensil B maka konsentrasi grafit yang terkandung dalam pensil semakin banyak sehingga kemampuan grafit tersebut dalam menghantarkan listrik akan semakin baik.
Effectiveness, Safety, and Pharmacokinetics of Meloxicam Formulations in African-clawed Frogs, Xenopus laevis
Authors: Leung Glory , Diaz Leslie L , Monette Sebastien , Jiang Caroline S , Tolwani Ravi , Peneyra Samantha
Published: August 2024

Pain management in amphibians is an emerging field of veterinary medicine with only a limited number of analgesics studied for their efficacy. The African-clawed frog, Xenopus laevis, is a popular animal model in research due to its oocyte morphology and embryonic development. We investigated analgesic effects of 2 formulations of meloxicam (standard and extended release [ER]) along with their pharmacokinetics and potential toxicity in this species. Adult female African-clawed frogs (n = 6/group) received either standard (0.2, 0.4, 1, or 5 mg/kg) or ER meloxicam (0.6, 1.2, 3, or 15 mg/kg) injected into the dorsal lymph sac. The acetic acid test (AAT) was performed at −1, 1, 6, 12, 24, 48, and 72 h postadministration to evaluate pain response. In addition, a subset of frogs (n = 2/group) were euthanized 72 h postinjection and submitted for necropsy. There were no significant differences in AAT with both formulations compared with saline control. No signs of meloxicam-induced toxicity with either formulation was present in histology. A pharmacokinetic study was conducted for both the standard and ER formulation of meloxicam at 5 and 15 mg/kg, respectively. Results were consistent with the fact that both formulations of meloxicam were readily absorbed with the standard plasma concentrations peaking at 20.40 µg/mL at 2 h and ER plasma concentration at 30.4 µg/mL at 12 h. The elimination half-life was only determinable for standard formulation (7.74 h). According to the AAT, both formulations of meloxicam did not provide effective analgesia in adult female Xenopus laevis despite reaching high plasma concentrations.
Corynebacterium bovis Growth in Tissue Culture Conditions and Media
Authors: Kleymann Alyssa M , Zawadzki Nicholas A , Fong Derek L , Fink Michael K , Habenicht Lauren M , Leszczynski Jori K , Anderson Steven M , Schurr Michael J , Manuel Christopher A
Published: August 2024

A common concern in preclinical cancer research is the introduction of Corynebacterium bovis into immunodeficient mouse colonies through cancer cell lines. C. bovis is a known contaminant of patient-derived xenograft tumors passaged horizontally between immunodeficient mice. However, it is unclear if C. bovis can grow in mammalian tissue culture conditions or tissue culture media. We hypothesized that C. bovis would not grow under tissue culture conditions or media, diminishing the risk of transmission from tumor cell lines cultured in vitro. Three C. bovis isolates, CUAMC1, HAC, and ATCC-7715, were used to test our hypothesis in 3 of the most common media used to grow human cancer cell lines including RPMI 1640 + 10% FBS (RPMI), DMEM/high glucose + 10% FBS (DMEM), and DMEM/F-12 + 10% FBS (DMEM/F12). Our results confirmed propagation of each C. bovis isolate in DMEM/F12 media under tissue culture conditions after 72 h. However, these results also demonstrate diminished viability of each C. bovis isolate in RPMI and DMEM after 72 h. To assess whether antibiotics could halt the growth of C. bovis under tissue culture conditions in DMEM/F12, penicillin-streptomycin (pen/strep) was added to the experimental media. This treatment was effective in eliminating all viable C. bovis in the culture system after 72 h. Our data suggest that C. bovis growth under tissue culture conditions is possible and growth in tissue culture media is nuanced. These results highlight the importance of pathogen surveillance for tumor cell lines propagated in vitro and demonstrate the need for further investigation into C. bovis growth requirements.
Pengaruh Umur, Kompleksitas, dan Reputasi KAP Terhadap Ketepatwaktuan Laporan Auditor Independen dengan Analisis Statistik
Authors: Pratiwi Diana Mega , Bambang Bambang , Mariadi Yusli
Published: August 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh umur perusahaan, kompleksitas perusahaan, dan reputasi KAP terhadap ketepatwaktuan laporan auditor independen pada perusahaan sektor properti dan real estate yang terdaftar di bursa efek indonesia tahun 2019-2021. Sampel penelitian yang digunakan adalah 69 perusahaan yang diperoleh melalui teknik purposive sampling. Pengujian hipotesis dilakukan dengan regresi linier berganda dengan analisis statistik deskriptif sebagai teknik analisis melalui SPSS versi 26. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa umur perusahaan dan kompleksitas perusahaan berpengaruh terhadap ketepatwaktuan laporan auditor independen, sedangkan reputasi KAP tidak berpengaruh. Implikasi penelitian ini untuk praktisi diharapkan dapat digunakan sebagai acuan dalam melakukan praktiknya, terutama dalam rangka untuk mengoptimalkan efisiensi dan efektivitas dalam melakukan audit dengan mengelola faktor-faktor yang dapat mempengaruhi ketepatwaktuan penyampaian laporan audit.
Pantun as the Context of Da'wah in Islam
Authors: Meylani Auliya , Faridah Faridah , Hasibuan Nisa Hafzhiyah , Panjaitan Devi Hertina , Serungke Mayang , Rambe Nursamsia
Published: August 2024

Pantun is a form of Malay poetry used to express complex ideas and emotions. Pantun has appeared in this area for at least 500 years. Pantun has a clear a-ba-b rhyme scheme. Pantun can be channeled in the form of music, songs and writing. The aim of this research is to look at the delivery of da'wah using pantun media and the meaning contained therein. This research is a type of qualitative descriptive research that focuses analysis on content. This research uses reading and note-taking techniques as the data to be found is based on the research object. The data obtained is in the form of Islamic education in Pantun Melayu. The results of the research can be seen from the use of pantun as a medium for da'wah, the content of the pantun is one theme in al-Azhar's interpretation of 'the beauty of the sea' (wa ayatun lahum anna hammalna dzurriyatahum fi al-fulq al-masyhun). Hamka explained the beauty of the ark in rhyme verses. Anak tiung on rambutan, singing with a beak, stunned the ship in the sea, came the wind sailing far away. Ships that sail in the middle of the ocean are proof of the greatness and power of Allah SWT, which can transport people and their necessary goods from one place to another. From this pantun, according to Hamka, the message of da'wah that can be taken is the advice to see the greatness, breadth and depth of the ocean as Almighty, Most Vast and Most Glorious, Allah SWT. The vast oceans seen by the eye are actually very small compared to the vastness of space. provisions, Bring two or three strings, If it's an inch long, Don't let the sea be guessed. Apart from that, da'wah that includes rhymes will have a new atmosphere, namely a relaxed, comfortable atmosphere, not tense, not monotonous and boring. The congregation will receive the da'wah message with a feeling of comfort. This will certainly strengthen da'wah activities in the general public.
Sytematic Literature Review (SLR): Analysis of the Role and Behavior of Indonesian Language in Islamic Education
Authors: Meylani Auliya , Budiman Budiman , Hasibuan Nisa Hafzhiyah , Serungke Mayang , Fadillah Mutia Asmi Asmi , Wety Elfina
Published: August 2024

The aim of this research is to reveal the role and behavior of the Indonesian language in Islamic education and to find out in-depth results of the patterns and formation of the role and behavior of the Indonesian language in Islamic education. The method used is the Systematic Literature Review (SLR) method. Data is used by collecting journal articles found on Google Scholar, Research Gate, which have been published in the 2016-2023 period. Islamic education is one of the media that can be used in the world of education to develop the character of students. The use of inaccurate language, both vocabulary and sentence structure, causes less information to be conveyed.
The Value of Fitrah And Its Relationship With Islamic Education
Authors: Harahap Mhd. Harmidi , Tengku Kasim Tengku Sarina Aini Binti , Yussuf Ahmad Bin
Published: August 2024

The purpose of this study is to explore further the meaning of fitrah and its relationship with Islamic education. As in many references, the concept of fitrah is an innate natural thing inherent in human beings brought from birth. Fitrah means the potential possessed by humans. The potential will have a positive impact on human development if developed through the process of Islamic education. This study uses a qualitative method of library research. The results of this study indicate that humans are born with different potentials. There is potential for good and there is also potential for bad. This potential will later develop into its power which, if managed properly, will be able to produce civilization through a good educational process. The goal of Islamic education should be to educate to face Islam, meaning that Islamic education is directed so that students are more inclined to the teachings of Islam. At the same time, fitrah also means that Islamic education serves to know the nature of God and at the same time know himself. By using a literature approach, through the review of authoritative books and journals, this paper will try to take a comprehensive look at the discourse of the term fitrah in terms of language, the meaning of the Qur'an and Hadith, fitrah in the view of philosophy and psychology.

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menggali lebih jauh makna fitrah dan hubungannya dengan pendidikan Islam. Seperti dalam banyak referensi, konsep fitrah merupakan suatu hal kodrati yang melekat pada diri manusia yang dibawa sejak lahir. Fitrah artinya potensi yang dimiliki manusia. Potensi tersebut akan memberikan dampak positif bagi pembangunan manusia jika dikembangkan melalui proses pendidikan Islam. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif penelitian kepustakaan. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa manusia dilahirkan dengan potensi yang berbeda-beda. Ada potensi baik dan ada juga potensi buruk. Potensi tersebut nantinya akan berkembang menjadi kekuatannya yang apabila dikelola dengan baik akan mampu melahirkan peradaban melalui proses pendidikan yang baik. Tujuan pendidikan Islam hendaknya mendidik untuk menghadapi Islam, artinya pendidikan Islam diarahkan agar peserta didik lebih condong pada ajaran Islam. Pada saat yang sama, fitrah juga berarti pendidikan Islam berfungsi untuk mengetahui hakikat Tuhan sekaligus mengenal diri sendiri. Dengan menggunakan pendekatan kepustakaan, melalui telaah buku dan jurnal otoritatif, tulisan ini akan mencoba melihat secara komprehensif wacana istilah fitrah dari segi bahasa, makna Al-Qur'an dan Hadits, fitrah dalam pandangan dari filsafat dan psikologi.
TINJAUAN PUSTAKA PENERAPAN METODE AHP PADA SISTEM PENDUKUNG KEPUTUSAN PEMILIHAN KARYAWAN TERBAIK
Authors: Priambodo Renaldy Agung
Published: August 2024

Masyarakat akan mencari kemudahan dan bantuan dalam mengakses informasi yang cepat, tepat, dan akurat mengingat kondisi kemajuan teknologi saat ini yang begitu pesat. Dalam rangka membantu dan memberikan alternatif sistem pendukung keputusan yang memiliki kemampuan untuk menganalisis pemilihan karyawan terbaik dengan menggunakan metode Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP), tidak menutup kemungkinan bahwa pembuatan sistem pendukung keputusan sangat penting dalam menentukan keputusan. Dengan bantuan penelitian ini, diharapkan dapat menentukan pentingnya kriteria, menghasilkan skor untuk pemilihan karyawan terbaik, dan mempraktekkan penggunaan sistem pendukung keputusan untuk evaluasi karyawan terbaik. Sistem ini menghasilkan data.
APLIKASI PENGELOLAAN DATA BARANG TRANSAKSI PADA USAHA MINI MARKET RUSUNAWA POLITEKNIK GORONTALO BERBASIS WEB
Authors: Ibrahim Pirawati , Mamase Saprina , Hermawanto Fajar
Published: August 2024

Berdasarkan informasi yang didapat penulis dari pengelolaan rusunawa alasan akan dibangunnya mini market tersebut untuk memudahkan para penghuni rusunawa untuk membeli makanan dan bahan pokok lainya. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah merancang sebuah aplikasi yang dapat mengelola data transaksi penjualan dan pembelian pada sebuah mini market, pada aplikasi ini juga bisa menghasilkan struk dalam bentuk pdf. Aplikasi tersebut juga dapat menghasilkan beberapa bentuk laporan dari hasil transaksi penjualan dan pembelian. Metode yang digunakan penulis adalah metode wawancara. Penulis langsung melakukan wawancara bersama wadir II, bidang umum dan keungan, dan juga bendahara masyarakat Politeknik Gorontalo yang juga merupakan pengelolah rusunawa. Hasil wawancara tersebut, penulis melakukan survei terkait dengan usulan pembangunan mini market didalam rusun. Kuisioner tersebut dibuatkan dalam google from dan telah di shere kepada penghuni rusun. Berdasarkan hasil kuisioner bahwa usulan pembangunan mini market di rusunawa ditanggapi dengan respon positif bahkan hampir sebagian telah menyetujui atau mendukung adanya pengadaan mini market ini. Dan sekarang aplikasi ini sudah mau diterapkan, karena pembangunan mini market sudah berjalan atau sudah dioperasikan.
A Proposal for Improving Reading Comprehension Skills of Gifted Students:An Analytic Writing and Assessment Model Integrated with Intertextual Reading
Authors: Sağlam Abdulkadir , Gök Bilge
Published: August 2024

It is observed that research on gifted students mainly focuses on issues such as reading habits and attitudes towards reading. It is important to develop the reading comprehension skills of these students and it is necessary to implement new strategies to improve the reading comprehension skills of gifted students. The purpose of this research is to uncover the impact of the 6+1 Analytical Writing and Evaluation Model (AWEM), when combined with intertextual reading, on the reading comprehension abilities of gifted students. The study employed a four-group semi-experimental design within the framework of quantitative research methodologies. The participant cohort comprised 28 gifted fourth-grade students. Over a span of 7 weeks, the experimental phase of the study aligned with the sub-dimensions of the 6+1 AWEM. Data were collected using the Intertextuality Reading Comprehension Test (IRCT), and subsequently analyzed utilizing the paired samples t-test. The findings revealed a positive correlation between the integration of intertextual reading and the 6+1 AWEM, and the enhancement of reading comprehension skills among gifted students. Furthermore, the experimental activities centered around intertextuality and the 6+1 AWEM Model were found to have a positive impact on the sustained levels of reading comprehension proficiency among the gifted students. Another notable outcome of the study was the affirmative influence of the experimental activities involving the 6+1 AWEM, combined with intertextual reading, on the enduring improvement of reading comprehension levels in fourth-grade gifted students.
Deep Learning-Based Disease Detection in Sugarcane Leaves: Evaluating EfficientNet Models
Authors:   Department of Computer Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Igdir University, Igdir, Turkey, Kunduracıoğlu İsmail , Paçal İshak ,   Department of Computer Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Igdir University, Igdir, Turkey
Published: August 2024

Sugarcane is a crucial agricultural crop, providing 75% of the world's sugar production. Like all plant species, any disease that affects sugarcane can significantly impact yield and planning. Traditional manual methods for diagnosing diseases in sugarcane leaves are slow, inefficient, and often lack accuracy. In this study, we present a deep learning-based approach for the robust detection of diseases in sugarcane leaves. Specifically, we trained and evaluated all models from the EfficientNetv1 and EfficientNetv2 architectures, which are among the most notable convolutional neural network (CNN) architectures, using the publicly available Sugarcane Leaf Dataset. This dataset includes 11 disease classes and a total of 6748 images. Additionally, we compared these models with other popular CNN models. Our findings reveal that there is no direct correlation between model complexity, depth, and accuracy for the 11-class sugarcane dataset. Among the 13 models tested, EfficientNet-b6 and InceptionV4 achieved the highest accuracy rates of 93.39% and 93.10%, respectively. These results have a big impact on the ways managers can manage diseases and the agricultural processes of sugarcane production. A deep learning-based disease detection system facilitating the diagnostic process can, in turn, result in a more accurate and faster identification of diseases. That may enable farmers and agricultural managers to make timely and informed decisions, cutting down crop loss and enhancing the whole yield. These highlight the potential of deep learning in developing fast, accurate, and automatic disease diagnosis systems, which can significantly improve disease management and increase the yield of sugarcane.
Early Detection of Ceratocystis Wilt in Eucalyptus through Leaf Diffuse Reflectance
Authors: Santiago Marcia indiyanara , Franceschini Marston H. D. , Del Ponte Emerson Medeiros , do Amaral Cibele H. , Alfenas Rafael Ferreira
Published: August 2024

Ceratocystis wilt caused by Ceratocystis fimbriata is an important disease of Eucalyptus. Proximal or remote sensing methods based on Vis-NIR-WIR spectroscopy (400 and 2500 nm) have been proposed as a suitable non-destructive alternative to characterize plant biochemical and biophysical properties in different contexts. In this study, the potential for using leaf reflectance in the Vis-NIR-SWIR to detect this disease in asymptomatic seedlings was evaluated in a greenhouse experiment with two eucalyptus clones (ref. nbr. 223 – susceptible and ref. nbr. 236 – resistant). Plants were evaluated between 1 and 60 hours after inoculation and compared to non-inoculated references (n = 97 plants). Average spectral differences between inoculated and non-inoculated plants were found before visual symptoms appeared for both clones. The apical leaf layer showed the largest spectral differences before and after visual symptoms, in comparison to the canopy basal and middle leaf layers. Random Forest models coupled with Recursive Feature Elimination (RFE) resulted in balanced accuracy of 0.596 for the validation dataset. Using two band Vegetation Indices (VIs) optimized specifically for Ceratocystis wilt detection allowed slightly better performance, resulting in balanced accuracy of 0.644 for the validation dataset. Features selected via RFE or via VIs belonged mostly to NIR and specially to SWIR wavelengths, which can be associated to changes in leaf water, cellulose, starch and lignin contents (near 1100-1200 and 2300 nm) and proteins (near 1700, 2200 and 2300 nm). Our results suggest potential for detecting Ceratocystis wilt in Eucalyptus spp. using proximal or remote spectroscopy in asymptomatic plants.
Traditional Ghanaian Oral Storytelling in the Modern Communication Landscape
Authors: Nweke Ogochukwu C. , Zibo Bashiru Salifu , Appiah Emmanuel Kweku Amoako , Towuru Bukunola , Tabrani Akhmad
Published: August 2024

The main purpose of this study was to examine Traditional Ghanaian Oral Storytelling in the Modern Communication Landscape. The study adopted the mixed method approach and gathered data with the aid of a questionnaire and interview guide. The purposive sampling technique was used to select 24 participants and the convenience sampling was used to select 400 respondents to participate in this study. The questionnaire was administered to respondents through an online survey while the interview guide was administered through face-to-face interviews with participants. Descriptive statistics was used to analyze quantitative data while thematic analysis was used to analyze qualitative data. The study found that the majority of Ghanaians have a positive perception towards traditional oral storytelling. The study also found that the modern communication landscape presents both opportunities and challenges to Ghanaian traditional oral storytelling. The study concludes by making recommendations to preserve and promote traditional Ghanaian oral storytelling amid the modern communication Landscape.
How Citizens Perceive Others: The Role of Social Norms for Democracies
Authors: Bischof Daniel , Allinger Tim Lars , Le Corre Juratic Morgan , Frederiksen Kristian Vrede Skaaning
Published: August 2024

Generations of political scientists seek to understand the relationship between citizens' democratic values and democratic stability. The key premise of this research tradition is that democratic societies live on a ``social consensus'' over a set of democratic values; a democratic norm. Yet, until today scholarship has neither carefully theorized the role of nor measured the social nature of this consensus. Building on research in social psychology, we conceptualize democratic norms as social norms: citizens may think that most people in democracies support its institutions (descriptive norm) and also that one ought to do so (injunctive norm). We then measure these perceptions across 14 countries using nationally representative surveys covering 31% of the world's population. We find that citizens have a strong perception of social democratic norms; however, mostly on abstract forms of support. Using a vignette experiment we also reveal that respondents' preferences are conditional on their perception of social norms. Our research has important implications for research on democracy showcasing the role social norms play to craft democratic support in our societies.
Psychological and Motivational Influences on Performing Artists and Leaders
Authors: Salvaggio Salvino A.
Published: August 2024

This brief paper explores the psychological and motivational influences on performing artists and leaders within the performing arts. It synthesises research on psychological characteristics, motivational patterns, emotional responses, and personality traits affecting artists' careers and leadership. Key insights include the role of resilience, adaptability, and self-efficacy in managing career challenges and the predominance of intrinsic motivation driven by personal fulfilment. The paper also examines effective leadership, highlighting the balance of emotional and rational thinking, and its impact on team motivation and psychological control.
Depression as a Complex Challenge: Moving Beyond Merely Pathological Perspectives to Integrate Social Responsibility in Comprehensive Treatment and Prevention Strategies
Authors: Rajapakse Rakhitha
Published: August 2024

Depression is a pervasive mental health issue that affects millions globally, presenting significant challenges to both individuals and society. Traditionally, it has been viewed as a pathology of the mind, driven by biological, psychological, and genetic factors. This perspective has shaped clinical approaches to treatment, emphasizing pharmacotherapy and cognitive-behavioral interventions. However, an increasing body of research suggests that depression is not merely a personal affliction but a social responsibility, with societal factors such as economic inequality, social isolation, and cultural pressures playing critical roles in its prevalence and severity. This article explores the dual perspectives of depression—as a mental pathology and as a social issue—drawing on empirical evidence to argue for a more integrated understanding of the disorder. The implications for treatment, public policy, and societal attitudes are also discussed, advocating for a holistic approach that addresses both individual and societal determinants of depression.
Recruiting Healthcare Workers on the International Labor Market: A Megastudy
Authors: Keppeler Florian , Linos Elizabeth , Sciepura Brenda , Lacey Karalyn , Jacobsen Christian Bøtcher
Published: August 2024

Recruiting a robust healthcare workforce has become an urgent policy priority globally, as current vacancy levels pose a public health risk. Yet there is limited causal evidence on what works to recruit more healthcare workers, especially across an international labor market. In collaboration with Danish healthcare service providers, we randomly assign 110,000 European nurses to receive one of 10 different digital messages (or a control condition) encouraging them to apply for a job in Denmark. We select the interventions to test based on a replicable approach we name “community-led intervention design” (CID) that systematically balances three forms of expertise: academic expertise, practitioner expertise, and user lived experience. This megastudy has far-reaching implications not only for our understanding of decision-making on the international labor market, as well as the human capital crisis in healthcare, but also contributes methodologically to calls for more systematic approaches to hypothesis generation in behavioral science.
IDENTIFICANDO CAMINHOS: A IMPORTÂNCIA DO DIAGNÓSTICO PARTICIPATIVO PARA COMUNIDADES LOCAIS.
Authors: Penna Maria Fernanda Affonso , de Souza Fernandes Renato , Rodrigues Luiza Figueira , Battezini Veronica Lago , RAJÃO PEDRO HENRIQUE MEDEIROS , Siqueira Angeline Maria Alvarenga , Trece Isabela Bandeira , Teixeira Gabriela Miranda , de Oliveira Leandro Barros
Published: August 2024

O diagnóstico participativo é amplamente reconhecido como um método essencial na inclusão das comunidades locais na identificação e resolução de problemas socioambientais. A diversidade de métodos empregados durante os diagnósticos participativos revela-se como uma característica marcante, refletindo a complexidade das realidades locais e os diferentes contextos em que são aplicados, o que garante debates frequentes sobre sua eficácia. Nossa proposta destaca a importância de uma abordagem que priorize a visão interna da comunidade na análise. Para alcançar esse objetivo, empregamos um conjunto de metodologias, como caminhadas transversais, diálogos coletivos, a matriz FOFA e o acompanhamento da rotina diária, visando consolidar um diagnóstico que possa orientar o desenvolvimento das potencialidades do território rumo a uma perspectiva de desenvolvimento econômico sustentável crítico. Os resultados do diagnóstico destacam desafios, como a falta de titulação de terras e infraestrutura precária, mas também oportunidades, como o potencial turístico e a participação feminina na política local. Com base nos resultados foram oferecidas capacitações visando o fortalecimento dos potenciais encontrados e a atenuação das fragilidades registradas. A discussão sobre metodologias participativas deve considerar suas limitações e potencialidades dentro do contexto hegemônico, promovendo abordagens que visem à autonomia das comunidades locais.
Understanding unexpectedly stable trajectories of functional mobility in people with Parkinson’s disease: A mixed methods study
Authors: Hanff Anne-Marie , Rauschenberger Armin , Aguayo Gloria , Leist Anja , McCrum Christopher , Krüger Rejko , Zeegers Maurice
Published: August 2024

BACKGROUND As Parkinson’s disease (PD) progresses, mobility declines. Reserves (biological, physiological, cognitive, emotional, economical or relational) may help us to understand the phenomenon of unexpectedly stable trajectories of patient-reported functional mobility. OBJECTIVES To investigate reserves moderating the trajectories of patient-reported functional mobility and to understand their daily experience by people with PD. To describe the characteristics of individuals with unexpectedly stable trajectories of functional mobility. METHODS In this explanatory sequential mixed methods study, we combined longitudinal mixed models and qualitative interviews with individuals with unexpectedly stable trajectories of functional mobility. Specifically, we first analysed the reserves moderating the associations between years since diagnosis and patient-reported functional mobility followed by a subsequent collection and analysis of qualitative interviews helping to understand the meaning of these quantitative findings. RESULTS While not significant after correction for multiple testing, functional mobility declined slower in men with 10 to 16 years of education but not in women. By comparing the group with an unexpectedly stable to the group with a decreasing trajectory, the group with an unexpectedly stable trajectory showed, after adjustment for years since diagnosis and multiple testing less patient-reported motor- and non-motor symptoms. The deductive analyses of the semi-structured interviews identified the transport service, i.e., a driving license or the disponibility of someone with a car living in the same household as central facilitating factor of functional mobility. Finally, according to the inductive content analysis psychosocial factors, e.g., self-efficacy, characterised individuals with unexpectedly stable trajectories of functional mobility despite disability (years since diagnosis) and a challenging context (living without a partner or offspring in rural areas). CONCLUSIONS Trajectories of functional mobility in PD seem to be multifactorial in nature, with little evidence for general determinants. Our study highlights the importance of a driving license for functional mobility and supports the provision of local amenities within walking distance to enable active and healthy ageing in place. Psychosocial factors characterised individuals with unexpectedly stable trajectories of functional mobility despite a challenging context. Further research could investigate our generated hypotheses to inform interventions promoting functional mobility.
Varieties of Dislike. Using in-depth interviews to identify underlying dimensions of like-dislike scale responses in research on affective polarisation
Authors: Röllicke Lena
Published: August 2024

Affective polarisation has become a topic of great concern in liberal democracies across the world. Research looking at the potential causes and consequences of growing political animosity is advancing rapidly, increasingly also focusing on multi-party systems and thus moving beyond the concept’s original context of the United States. However, one of the core components of affective polarisation – dislike – remains fundamentally ambiguous and in need of further conceptual and empirical clarification. This paper presents an empirical study that uses in-depth qualitative interviews to shed light on the different negative evaluations, emotions and associations that individuals have when answering the standard dislike-based feeling thermometer questions that are frequently used to measure affective polarisation. Using narrative as well as cognitive interviewing technique, it illustrates different criteria for evaluation, different reference points for inferring group characteristics, the importance of ambivalence in translating an evaluation into a single score and potential inconsistencies in what different scores reflect. The paper concludes by highlighting conceptual implications of those findings as well as practical implications for quantitative survey research on affective polarisation.
Integrating LLMs and Software-Defined Resources for Enhanced Demonstrative Cloud Computing Education in University Curricula
Authors: Pan Wuming , Yang Ying
Published: August 2024

This paper presents a comprehensive study on the integration of Large Language Models (LLMs) and Software-Defined Resources (SDR) in enhancing cloud computing education within university curricula. The research focuses on practical applications of IaaS, PaaS, SaaS, DevOps, and cloud-native technologies, highlighting the benefits of incorporating Lean principles into the educational framework. Through a detailed analysis of an educational reform project, the paper demonstrates how the use of SDR and LLMs not only improves student engagement and learning outcomes but also equips them with the practical skills needed to navigate modern cloud environments. The findings suggest that this integrated approach can bridge the gap between traditional educational methods and the rapidly evolving demands of the cloud computing industry.
AI Reliance and Decision Quality: Fundamentals, Interdependence, and the Effects of Interventions
Authors: Schoeffer Jakob , Jakubik Johannes , Vössing Michael , Kühl Niklas , Satzger Gerhard
Published: August 2024

In AI-assisted decision-making, a central promise of having a human-in-the-loop is that they should be able to complement the AI system by overriding its wrong recommendations. In practice, however, we often see that humans cannot assess the correctness of AI recommendations and, as a result, adhere to wrong or override correct advice. Different ways of relying on AI recommendations have immediate, yet distinct, implications for decision quality. Unfortunately, reliance and decision quality are often inappropriately conflated in the current literature on AI-assisted decision-making. In this work, we disentangle and formalize the relationship between reliance and decision quality, and we characterize the conditions under which human-AI complementarity is achievable. To illustrate how reliance and decision quality relate to one another, we propose a visual framework and demonstrate its usefulness for interpreting empirical findings, including the effects of interventions like explanations. Overall, our research highlights the importance of distinguishing between reliance behavior and decision quality in AI-assisted decision-making.
Research Statement: First-principle graph equivariant machine learning for molecular modeling and drug discovery
Authors: Wang Yuanqing
Published: August 2024

I design graph-based equivariant machine learning models with physics-inspired inductive biases. More specifically, I will expedite the process of:• Structure-based drug discovery with physics-based modeling (Aim 1)—fast and stable E(3)-equivariant graph models for constructing and sampling from force fields;• Ligand-based drug discovery data-driven modeling (Aim 2) with graph neural networks transcending the convolutional scheme, which will form the backbones active learning frameworks and foundation models, emphasizing data efficiency, and uncertainty quantification.
A Systematic Review of Participant Diversity in Psychedelic-Assisted Psychotherapy Trials
Authors: Haft Stephanie , Downey Amanda , Reymond-Flesch Marissa , Fernandes-Osterhold Gisele , Bradley Ellen , O'Donovan Aoife , Woolley Joshua
Published: August 2024

Limited participant diversity in mental health intervention research perpetuates mental health disparities. This issue has become a particularly salient concern in studies of psychedelic-assisted psychotherapy (PAT), which is emerging as a promising mental health intervention. This systematic review evaluates the reporting, representation, and analysis of participant sociodemographic characteristics in randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of PAT. A total of 21 RCTs of psilocybin- and 3,4-methylenedioxy methamphetamine (MDMA)-assisted therapies (N = 1034) are summarized. Participants’ gender (100%) and race or ethnicity (76%) were frequently reported, with socioeconomic status (SES) sometimes (57%) reported using heterogeneous metrics. Sexual orientation (9.5%) and immigration status (4.8%) were rarely reported, and no studies reported gender identity. Compared to their representation in the US population and non-psychedelic clinical trials, Black/African-American participants (12.2%) and Hispanic/Latino participants (7.2%) were significantly underrepresented in PAT RCTs. MDMA trials enrolled more diverse participant samples than psilocybin trials. Analyses on treatment effects based on sociodemographic variables were virtually nonexistent. These findings underscore the need for more inclusive recruitment strategies, along with more rigorous reporting and analytic practices, to improve the generalizability of PAT research.
Search Speed in Color Space is a Linear Function of Color Distance: Evidence in Favor of the Target Contrast Signal Theory
Authors: Lleras Alejandro , Xu Zoe (Jing) , Tan Howard Jia He , Shao Yujie , Buetti Simona
Published: August 2024

When looking for an object in the environment, it is believed that, through feature-based attention, the visual system favors the processing of the features that define that object, such that objects containing those defining features become more salient, and therefore, easier to find. However, the impact of feature-based attention on search behavior has not been thoroughly examined. For example, previous theories have not made explicit predictions regarding how or the extent to which performance is enhanced by this mechanism. Recently, Target-Contrast Signal Theory proposed an explicit relationship linking search performance to target-distractor similarity, with no contribution from feature-based attention. It proposed that the speed at which observers search is a linear function of the perceived dissimilarity between the target and the distractors (i.e., the distance in perceptual space between the two). Here, across five experiments we tested this hypothesis in the color domain, using the well-defined feature space (CIELab) where the distance between two colors represents the difference in the perceived discriminability between those two colors in human vision. The results indicated that the speed at which observers searched for a color target among a field of colored distractors was entirely determined in a linear fashion by the distance in color space between those two colors (R2 = .98): the larger the discriminability between the two colors, the faster humanssearch. The results open the door for a new understanding of color processing in the human brain and place constraints on the type of representations capable of explaining overt behavior.
Human Neural Correlates of Emotional Well-being (EWB): A Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses of MRI Studies
Authors: Luo Jie , LI Celine Mylx , Richter Caroline G. , Turnbull Adam , Richlan Fabio , Park Crystal L. , Hoeft Fumiko
Published: August 2024

Emotional well-being (EWB) is a multidimensional construct encompassing multiple psychological aspects such as life satisfaction, goal pursuit, and positive emotions. Understanding its neural mechanisms is key for health and targeted interventions, yet findings remain inconsistent. While some studies link EWB to the insula and precuneus, others associate it with the amygdala and temporal lobe regions. Previous systematic reviews have pointed out these discrepancies, likely due to varied EWB definitions, narrow research scopes, and lack of statistical analyses. This study addresses these gaps by utilizing the updated and consensus EWB definition in a systematic review of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies supplemented by meta-analyses, examining task-dependent (task-based fMRI) and task-independent (resting-state fMRI, structural MRI) modalities separately. Task-based findings identify the left pallidum is associated with EWB, likely through its role in incentive and reward regulation, while task-independent results highlight the right superior temporal gyrus (STG) and insula, suggesting roles in social cognition and interoceptive awareness. A proposed framework integrates findings, distinguishing task-dependent and task-independent aspects of EWB. It suggests frontoparietal areas as overarching regions supporting EWB through cognitive control across modalities. Despite the limited sample size in the current study, this work advances the field of EWB by synthesizing findings into a comprehensive framework that bridges literature gaps. It proposes neural markers and underlying processes to guide future EWB paradigms design, moving beyond self-reported questionnaires that currently dominate the field, and has implications for developing evidence-based interventions to enhance EWB.
Detecting distributed practice in trace data: A comparison of different operationalizations and their predictive value for lasting learning
Authors: Nobbe Lea , Breitwieser Jasmin , Brod Garvin
Published: August 2024

Background: Spreading study sessions over time (i.e., distributed practice) is considered beneficial for lasting learning. Oftentimes, findings on distributed practice stem from laboratory settings in which learners’ study behaviors are manipulated. Trace data from digital learning platforms offer new ways of assessing distributed practice in naturalistic contexts. However, the fine-grained resolution of trace data allows for very different operationalizations of distributed practice. As of now, it is unclear which of these operationalizations are suitable. Aims: We developed and compared different operationalizations of distributed practice in a naturalistic online learning setting, using objective trace data.Sample: 331 medical students preparing for a high-stakes exam. Methods: The fine-grained longitudinal data allowed us to compare four different operationalizations of distributed practice in online learning environments: 1) distributing studying over more vs less days, 2) the growth in questions answered before the exam (via growth curve modeling), 3) the regularity in studying over time (via time-series clustering), and 4) the predictability in study trajectories (via time-series entropy). The resulting scores were then used to predict students’ exam performance, controlling for the total amount studied.Results: All four approaches could capture individual differences in distributed practice, but only distributing study activities over more days positively predicted exam scores over and above the total amount of studying done by students. Conclusions: Trace data offer various possibilities to capture distributed practice with great precision. To promote lasting learning, students should be helped to get into the habit of learning every day, at least a little.