bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Convergent functional genomics in addiction research - a translational approach to study candidate genes and gene networks
Authors: Spanagel Rainer
Published: December 2013

Convergent functional genomics (CFG) is a translational methodology that integrates in a Bayesian fashion multiple lines of evidence from studies in human and animal models to get a better understanding of the genetics of a disease or pathological behavior. Here the integration of data sets that derive from forward genetics in animals and genetic association studies including genome wide association studies (GWAS) in humans is described for addictive behavior. The aim of forward genetics in animals and association studies in humans is to identify mutations (e.g. SNPs) that produce a certain phenotype; i.e. “from phenotype to genotype”. Most powerful in terms of forward genetics is combined quantitative trait loci (QTL) analysis and gene expression profiling in recombinant inbreed rodent lines or genetically selected animals for a specific phenotype, e.g. high vs. low drug consumption. By Bayesian scoring genomic information from forward genetics in animals is then combined with human GWAS data on a similar addiction-relevant phenotype. This integrative approach generates a robust candidate gene list that has to be functionally validated by means of reverse genetics in animals; i.e. “from genotype to phenotype”. It is proposed that studying addiction relevant phenotypes and endophenotypes by this CFG approach will allow a better determination of the genetics of addictive behavior.
Hemodynamic variables and progression of acute kidney injury in critically ill patients with severe sepsis: data from the prospective observational FINNAKI study
Authors: Poukkanen Meri , Wilkman Erika , Vaara Suvi T , Pettilä Ville , Kaukonen Kirsi-Maija , Korhonen Anna-Maija , Uusaro Ari , Hovilehto Seppo , Inkinen Outi , Laru-Sompa Raili , Hautamäki Raku , Kuitunen Anne , Karlsson Sari ,   the FINNAKI Study Group
Published: December 2013

Introduction

Knowledge of the association of hemodynamics with progression of septic acute kidney injury (AKI) is limited. However, some recent data suggest that mean arterial pressure (MAP) exceeding current guidelines (60–65 mmHg) may be needed to prevent AKI. We hypothesized that higher MAP during the first 24 hours in the intensive care unit (ICU), would be associated with a lower risk of progression of AKI in patients with severe sepsis.

Methods

We identified 423 patients with severe sepsis and electronically recorded continuous hemodynamic data in the prospective observational FINNAKI study. The primary endpoint was progression of AKI within the first 5 days of ICU admission defined as new onset or worsening of AKI by the Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) criteria. We evaluated the association of hemodynamic variables with this endpoint. We included 53724 10-minute medians of MAP in the analysis. We analysed the ability of time-adjusted MAP to predict progression of AKI by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis.

Results

Of 423 patients, 153 (36.2%) had progression of AKI. Patients with progression of AKI had significantly lower time-adjusted MAP, 74.4 mmHg [68.3-80.8], than those without progression, 78.6 mmHg [72.9-85.4], P < 0.001. A cut-off value of 73 mmHg for time-adjusted MAP best predicted the progression of AKI. Chronic kidney disease, higher lactate, higher dose of furosemide, use of dobutamine and time-adjusted MAP below 73 mmHg were independent predictors of progression of AKI.

Conclusions

The findings of this large prospective multicenter observational study suggest that hypotensive episodes (MAP under 73 mmHg) are associated with progression of AKI in critically ill patients with severe sepsis.
Chromosome territories reposition during DNA damage-repair response
Authors: Mehta Ishita S , Kulashreshtha Mugdha , Chakraborty Sandeep , Kolthur-Seetharam Ullas , Rao Basuthkar J
Published: December 2013

Background

Local higher-order chromatin structure, dynamics and composition of the DNA are known to determine double-strand break frequencies and the efficiency of repair. However, how DNA damage response affects the spatial organization of chromosome territories is still unexplored.

Results

Our report investigates the effect of DNA damage on the spatial organization of chromosome territories within interphase nuclei of human cells. We show that DNA damage induces a large-scale spatial repositioning of chromosome territories that are relatively gene dense. This response is dose dependent, and involves territories moving from the nuclear interior to the periphery and vice versa. Furthermore, we have found that chromosome territory repositioning is contingent upon double-strand break recognition and damage sensing. Importantly, our results suggest that this is a reversible process where, following repair, chromosome territories re-occupy positions similar to those in undamaged control cells.

Conclusions

Thus, our report for the first time highlights DNA damage-dependent spatial reorganization of whole chromosomes, which might be an integral aspect of cellular damage response.
Why Can’t We All Just Get Along? The Israeli-Palestinian Conflict
Authors: Woodward Scott
Published: December 2013

The Israeli-Palestinian conflict is highlighted by numerous obstacles to peace. Each side must be willing to compromise and seek common ground in order to finally conclude this long-running dispute over territory. The window for resolution will not stay open forever, and, to meet in the middle, each side, but particularly Israel, must desist from maintaining its extreme positions.
A Catalytic and Mechanistic Investigation of Optically Active Helical Poly[3-(9-alkylfluoren-9-yl)propylene oxide]s in the Enantioselective Addition of Ethylmagnesium Bromide to Aldehydes
Authors: Zhang Anlin , Yang Nianfa , Yang Liwen , Peng Dan
Published: December 2013

Optically active helical poly[(S)-3-(9-alkylfluoren-9-yl)propylene oxide]s (poly-(S)-AFPOs) without additional stereogenic units were used to induce the enantioselective addition of ethylmagnesium bromide to aldehydes, giving up to 53% ee of the products. It is the helically chiral environment rather than the point chirality that governs the enantioselective inducement of the addition reaction. Poly-(S)-AFPOs could be recovered simply, post-treated conveniently and used repeatedly.
Two-photon Absorption (TPA) Spectra of Tris(4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline)metal(II) Perchlorate: Drastic Effects of Central Metal(II) Ions on TPA Cross Section
Authors: Moritomo Hiroki , Nakagawa Kenta , Sugihara Hiroyuki , Suzuki Yasutaka , Kawamata Jun
Published: December 2013

Two-photon absorption (TPA) spectra were measured on a dimethyl sulfoxide solution of [M(dpphen)3](ClO4)2 (dpphen: 4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline; M = Mn, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, and Ru). The TPA cross section depended drastically on the central metal(II) ions, in the order Ru- Co- > Ni- > Mn- > Cu- > Zn complexes. The effects were rationalized in terms of the resonance of photons used for two-photon transition with one-photon absorption band.
MARKETING AND FUNCTIONAL AND COST ANALYSIS: THE SYNERGY EFFECTS OF JOINT UTILIZATION
Authors: Перекалина Нина , Perekalina Nina
Published: December 2013

The article examines the essential relationships between

functional and cost analysis (FCA) and marketing leading to the

creation of innovative categories and indicators that allow obtaining

a synergetic effect in the management of modern production.
ESSENCE, SIGNIFICANCE, ASPECTS OF RECOGNITION IN ECONOMICS
Authors: Волочиенко Владимир , Volochienko Vladimir
Published: December 2013

The essence of the recognition of objects, phenomena,

situations, conditions, processes, and other items is reviewed. The

list of areas of effective use of the methods and systems of recognition

is provided. Advantages are disclosed and promising areas are

listed of the possible effective use of methods and systems of recognition

in the economy, organizational and socio-economic systems.
THE HISTORY OF NATIONAL DOCTRINE OF INTERNATIONAL PRIVATE LAW: ALEXANDR ALEXANDROVICH PILENKO (1873‒1956). DEDICATED TO THE 140th ANNIVERSARY OF THE BIRTH
Authors: Комнатная Юлия , Komnatnaya Yuliya
Published: December 2013

The article reveals basic life stages of a scientist and a journalist

Alexandr A. Pilenko, who can be named one of the most

widely known international lawyers of the end of 19th — the middle

of 20th century. Unfortunately, he was practically forgotten by

soviet legal science. This article also determines his contribution to

the formation of the Russian international private law science and

the importance of his scientifi c works for the development of the international

law science. Furthermore, the article shows A.A. Pilenko`

s activity during his emigration period.
THE IDEA OF EQUITABLE DISTRIBUTION OF WEALTH IN WORKS OF SCIENTISTS OF 18th — THE BEGINNING OF THE 20th CENTURIES
Authors: Баев Валерий , Baev Valeriy , Полуэктова Алла , Poluektova Alla
Published: December 2013

This article addresses the category of justice in distribution of the national income and analyzes the extent of state intervention as it shown in works of economists and public fi gures, such as Bentam, G. Spencer, S.Yu. Vitte, I.I. Yanzhul, M.A. Reysner, etc.
RESTRICTIONS ON USE OF FOREST DOMAIN AND LEGAL REGIME OF HUNTING IN RUSSIA IN THE SECOND PART OF 18th — EARLY 20th CENTURIES
Authors: Ларина Ольга , Larina Olga
Published: December 2013

This article investigates stages of the forest regalia regulation.

The author makes a conclusion that the fi rst stage of the forest

regalia substantially had a political nature conditioned by the

necessity to strengthening of Russian international naval strategic

positions. Wood was used in shipbuilding, for factories construction,

ports and courts.
EVOLUTION OF THE LEGAL STATUS OF THE PARTICIPANTS OF ENFORCEMENT PROCEEDING IN RUSSIA IN 19th — BEGINNING OF 20th CENTURY
Authors: Захаров Владимир , Zakharov Vladimir
Published: December 2013

The article presents the analysis of the evolution of the legal status of the main participants in the context of enforcement proceedings of the court reform and civil justice in the 19th — early 20th century. Conclusions on the expansion of the scope of rights and obligations of the creditor and the debtor as a result of the transition from a public to a mixed model of enforcement of judgments in civil cases.
JURIDICAL CONSTRUCTIONS AS AN ELEMENT OF LEGAL MATTER: PROBLEM IDENTIFICATION
Authors: Трофимов Василий , Trofimov Vasiliy
Published: December 2013

The article reveals the concept of «legal structure», specifi es the content of the concept.
FREE EXPRESSION IN THE RUSSIAN PROVINCE: AN INTELLECTUAL SEARCH FOR TRUTH
Authors: Скиперских Александр , Skiperskikh Aleksandr
Published: December 2013

The article discloses author›s position on the problem of

the possibility of realization of freedom of speech in the provincial

Russian city.
The message is the mode: Modes in digital media and media theory
Authors: Jenkins Eric
Published: December 2013

This article develops the concept of ‘modes’ through a survey of media theory and examples from digital media. Theorists who employ the concept offers three insights: modes are changes to perception affected by media, are the ways humans link with media to produce desire, and are liminal forms shared by producers and consumers. Examples from digital media also provide three lessons: modes direct media interfacing, constituting a software of perception that operates via a ‘perceiving as’ similar to metaphor. Media scholars should study modes because the digital environment capitalizes on modes, with the potential for dark clouds and silver linings.
Locative Communication: Place as a medium?
Authors: Medeiros Macello
Published: December 2013

This article presents the ‘Educational Totem Project’, which was implemented during March to May in 2011, in Pelourinho, the Historic Center of Salvador, Bahia, Brazil. The project consists of available audio files containing narratives about five tourist sites: Terreiro de Jesus (Jesus’ Courtyard), Catedral Basílica (Cathedral Basilica), Igreja de São Francisco (San Fracisco Church), Antiga Faculdade de Medicina (Former Medicine College) and Centro Cultural Solar Ferrão (Mansion Ferrão Culture Center). These sound narratives are sent to digital mobile devices through three forms: by bluetooth, QR Codes and USB driver. The principal issue discussed in this project was the relationship between communication and place. Locative Communication could be considered a different form of communication. The information about the place is being sent to the cell phone, which adds meaning, reinforcing the sense of belonging.
Telepresence and the ethics of digital cheating
Authors: Lunceford Brett
Published: December 2013

This article considers the ethics of sexual telepresence by tracing the history of mechanical and digital sex and exploring the possibilities facilitated by current and emerging technology. My aim is to consider how people have used technology to engage in new forms of sexual expression in order to more clearly delineate exactly what constitutes cheating and the ethical lines surrounding such behaviours. As with non-digital forms of intimacy, it seems clear that there is a range of behaviours that invite different people to draw the lines in different places, ranging from flirtation to erotic talk, to physical contact. But the goal of this article is not merely to consider where the lines may lie, but rather to examine how the medium in which the interaction takes place invites individuals to make particular moral judgments concerning what lines should exist at all concerning both physical and emotional intimacy.
Generality, State Neutrality and Unemployment in the OECD
Authors: Heshmati Almas , Karlson Nils , Box Marcus
Published: December 2013

According to Buchanan and Congleton (1998 . Politics by Principle, Not Interest: Towards Nondiscriminatory Democracy. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press), the generality principle in politics blocks special interests. Consequently, the generality principle should thereby promote economic efficiency. This study tests this hypothesis on wage formation and labor markets, by investigating whether generality defined as state neutrality could explain employment performance among OECD countries during 1970–2003. We identify three types of non-neutrality concerning unemployment. These include the level or degree of government interference in the wage bargaining process over and above legislation which facilitates mutually beneficial wage agreements, the constrained bargaining range (meaning the extent to which the state favors or blocks certain outcomes of the bargaining process), and the cost shifting (which relates to state interference shifting the direct or indirect burden of costs facing the parties on the labor market). Our overall hypothesis is that non-neutrality or non-generality increases unemployment rates. The empirical results from the general conditional model suggest that government intervention and a constrained bargaining range clearly increase unemployment, while a few of the cost shifting variables have unexpected effects. The findings thus give some, but definitely not unreserved, support for the generality principle as a method to promote economic efficiency. One implication may be that the principle should be amended by other requirements if the political process shall indeed be able to promote economic efficiency.
Financial Liberalisation in Trinidad and Tobago
Authors: Francis Brian M. , Waithe Kimberly
Published: December 2013

This study analyses financial liberalisation in Trinidad and Tobago within the context of the McKinnon–Shaw model. The broad objective of this article is to empirically investigate the validity of both the McKinnon complementarity hypothesis and the Shaw debt intermediation model in relation to Trinidad and Tobago. These two models purport that persuasive government intervention and involvement in the financial system through the regulatory and supervisory network, particularly in controlling interest rates and allocation of credit, tend to distort financial markets. Therefore, by the removal of administrative controls on the assets portfolio and pricing behaviour of financial institutions, interest rates will rise to levels that will result not only in increased savings and loanable funds but also in a more efficient allocation of these funds, providing, in turn, stimuli for economic growth. Utilising the cointegration approach, the empirical analysis is conducted with annual data from 1970 to 2001. The empirical results support both the McKinnon complementarity hypothesis and the Shaw debt intermediation hypothesis in the long run. That is to say, real interest rates have a significant influence on savings in the long run. However, the results indicate that the real interest rate plays an insignificant role in the Error Correction Model in the short run for both the McKinnon and Shaw theories. Hence, this article provides empirical validity for the McKinnon–Shaw financial liberalisation theory in Trinidad and Tobago over the long run. Thus policy makers should take explicit account of this result in the formulation of financial policy. The sustainability of this policy, however, depends on the appropriateness of other fiscal, monetary incomes and exchange rate policies.
High Temperature Short Time Air Puffed Ready-To-Eat (RTE) Tapioca–Peanut Snack: Process Parameters Optimization
Authors: Yewale Chandrakant Ramesh , Chattopadhyay Pallab Kumar
Published: December 2013

Tapioca contains very high starch content and therefore could be used to obtain a good quality puffed product. Tapioca powder added with roasted peanut to give nutty flavor and taste was used to develop ready-to-eat (RTE) snack utilizing high temperature short time (HTST) air puffing process with center composite rotatable design (CCRD). The effects of process parameters viz., puffing temperature (200–260 °C), puffing time (30–90 s), and raw material parameters viz., initial moisture content (30–40%) and roasted peanut proportion (10–20%) on quality attributes such as final moisture content, expansion ratio, color (L value, a value), and crispness of the products were investigated and optimized using response surface methodology (RSM). The optimum quality attributes of the product in terms of final moisture content (4.7%db), expansion ratio (1.67), L value (70.96), a value (1.83), and crispness (12.1) were obtained with 20% added peanut, 35% initial moisture content, 245 °C puffing temperature and 60 s puffing time. The sensory evaluation of the optimally processed snack added with spices to enhance taste, showed the product to be crisp and highly acceptable.
First detection of circovirus-like sequences in amphibians and novel putative circoviruses in fishes
Authors: Tarján Zoltán , Pénzes Judit , Tóth Róza , Benkő Mária
Published: December 2013

The negative samples of a collection, established originally for seeking new adeno- and herpesviruses in lower vertebrates, were screened for the pres-ence of circoviruses by a consensus nested PCR targeting the gene coding for the replication-associated protein. Six fish samples representing five species, namely asp (Aspius aspius), roach (Rutilus rutilus), common bream (Abramis brama), round goby (Neogobius melanostomus) and monkey goby (Neogobius fluviatilis), as well as three frog samples were found positive for circoviral DNA. Sequence analysis of the amplicons indicated the presence of three novel putative circo-like viruses and a circovirus in Hungarian fishes and one novel circovirus in a common toad (Bufo bufo), and another one in a dead and an alive specimen of green tree frog (Litoria caerulea), respectively. In phylogeny reconstruction, the putative bream circovirus clustered together with circoviruses discovered in other cyprinid fishes recently. Three other piscine circoviral sequences appeared closest to sequences derived from different environmental samples. Surprisingly, the nucleotide sequence derived from two fish samples (a bream and a monkey goby) proved to be from porcine circovirus 2 (PCV2), almost identical to a sequence detected in Sweden previously. This is the first report on the detection of PCV2 in fish and circoviral DNA in amphibian hosts.
Cirurgia bariátrica: repercussões na vida laboral do obeso
Authors: Mariano Maria Luiza Lobato , Monteiro Claudia Santos , Paula Maria Angela Boccara de
Published: December 2013

Pesquisa descritivo-exploratória que objetivou conhecer as repercussões da cirurgia bariátrica na vida laboral do obeso grau III, com pacientes submetidos à gastroplastia em Y de Roux. A coleta de dados foi realizada de junho a julho de 2011, por meio de entrevista individual, originando três Discursos do Sujeito Coletivo: "Mais disposição para o trabalho", "A vida sem comorbidades" e "Outras repercussões da cirurgia bariátrica". Foram incluídos 30 pacientes com média de idade 44±12 anos, sendo 24 (80%) do sexo feminino, 19 (63%) que trabalhavam, 10 (34%) que não trabalhavam, um (3,3%) estudante, 23 (96%) hipertensos e oito (33%) com diagnóstico de Diabetes Mellitus. Constatou-se, também, que 13 (43%) tinham dificuldades no aspecto físico e que 21 (70%) as tinham no aspecto emocional. A cirurgia bariátrica repercutiu favoravelmente na vida laboral do obeso, uma vez que houve redução das comorbidades e das dificuldades físicas e emocionais, favorecendo a reinserção social e profissional do indivíduo.
Complicações durante a internação de receptores de transplante renal
Authors: Corrêa Ana Paula Almeida , Brahm Marise Márcia These , Teixeira Carolina de Castilhos , Ferreira Stephani Amanda Lukasewicz , Manfro Roberto Ceratti , Lucena Amália de Fátima , Echer Isabel Cristina
Published: December 2013

O objetivo do estudo foi identificar complicações ocorridas em pacientes receptores de transplante renal. Coorte histórica realizada em hospital universitário entre janeiro de 2007 e janeiro de 2009 com amostra de 179 pacientes; dados coletados retrospectivamente em base de dados e prontuário e, em seguida, analisados estatisticamente. A média de idade dos pacientes foi de 43 (DP=13,7) anos, sendo 114 (63,7%) homens, 95 (65,1%) não fumantes e 118 (66,3%) receptores de doadores falecidos. As principais complicações foram rejeição 68 (32,1%) e infecção 62 (29,2%). Houve associação estatisticamente significativa entre rejeição e mediana dos dias de internação (p<0,001); dias de uso de cateter venoso central (p=0,010) e status tabágico (p=0,008); infecção e cateter venoso central (p=0,029), mediana dos dias de internação (p<0,001) e tempo de uso de sonda vesical (p=0,009). Concluiu-se ser importante diminuir os dias de internação e a permanência de cateteres, o que pode ser levado em consideração no planejamento do cuidado de enfermagem.
Demandas de cuidado domiciliar da criança nascida exposta ao HIV na ótica da teoria ambientalista
Authors: Lima Ivana Cristina Vieira de , Pedrosa Nathália Lima , Aguiar Larissa de Fátima Pontes , Galvão Marli Teresinha Gimeniz
Published: December 2013

Objetivou-se identificar as demandas de cuidado domiciliar da criança nascida exposta ao HIV, sob a perspectiva da teoria ambientalista. Trata-se de estudo qualitativo exploratório-descritivo realizado de janeiro a abril de 2011. Participaram dez mães infectadas pelo HIV, com crianças nascidas expostas ao vírus, em Fortaleza, Ceará. Constituíram-se como instrumentos de coleta de dados: câmera fotográfica descartável e digital e formulários para captação de informações em saúde associadas ao ambiente domiciliar. Os resultados foram contextualizados de acordo com a teoria e organizados em categorias: "vulnerabilidades associadas à estrutura física da moradia"; "ar intradomiciliar e peridomiciliar impuro"; "água utilizada para consumo"; "rede de esgoto e saneamento"; "iluminação e ventilação da residência". Conclui-se que o ambiente domiciliar oferece condições ambientais desfavoráveis para a criança. Urge a realização de intervenções focalizadas no ambiente domiciliar, para promover a saúde da criança nascida exposta ao HIV.
Doença crônica da criança: necessidades familiares e a relação com a Estratégia Saúde da Família
Authors: Costa Eliane Aparecida de Oliveira , Dupas Giselle , Sousa Etelvaldo Francisco Rego , Wernet Monika
Published: December 2013

Este estudo objetivou conhecer a percepção da família sobre a relação com a Unidade Saúde da Família (USF) na vivência com a doença crônica da criança. Em um desenho qualitativo utilizou-se o Interacionismo Simbólico como sustentáculo teórico, a Pesquisa de Narrativa como método e entrevistas com as famílias como instrumento para a coleta de dados. Os dados foram coletados por entrevista semiestruturada, com 7 famílias de crianças com doença crônica, cadastradas em USFs de uma região com alto índice de vulnerabilidade social, de um município do interior paulista. Os resultados mostraram como a relação da família com a USF é influenciada por elementos da experiência e trajetória familiar e como a vivência da doença crônica da criança é fortemente marcada pela relação com os serviços de saúde. Tal situação tem grande influência sobre as respostas da família, o que exige um engajamento sistemático e comprometido do sistema de saúde no alívio do sofrimento familiar, para além do tratamento pontual da patologia.
O ensino de enfermagem sobre HIV/ Aids sob a ótica da cidadania
Authors: Camillo Simone de Oliveira , Maiorino Fabiana Tavolaro , Chaves Loide Corina
Published: December 2013

O objetivo foi verificar a percepção de docentes de Enfermagem sobre sua responsabilidade na prática pedagógica em HIV/Aids e se valorizam a construção do conhecimento sobre a temática do HIV/Aids centrado nos parâmetros voltados à cidadania. Estudo qualitativo, cujo referencial teórico foi o Pensamento Complexo de Morin. Participaram sete docentes de cinco instituições de ensino superior de São Paulo, no perído de janeiro a julho de 2010. Os dados foram coletados através do Grupo Focal e trabalhados por meio de Análise de Conteúdo. As categorias resultantes foram: A importância da reflexão e da criticidade do professor no ensino do HIV/Aids; O exercício da cidadania por meio do ensino de HIV/ Aids e A compreensão do humano no ensino a partir da vivência com o indivíduo com HIV/Aids. O estudo mostra que o papel do professor no ensino do HIV/Aids é essencial para um posicionamento ético e cidadão do futuro enfermeiro.
Perfil das internações por doenças crônicas não-transmissíveis sensíveis à atenção primária em idosos da metade sul do RS
Authors: Santos Vilma Constancia Fioravante dos , Kalsing Alice , Ruiz Eliziane Nicolodi Francescato , Roese Adriana , Gerhardt Tatiana Engel
Published: December 2013

Objetivou-se delinear, em municípios da metade sul do Rio Grande do Sul, o perfil das internações por Doenças Crônicas Não Transmissíveis Sensíveis à Atenção Primária (DCNTSAP) entre idosos. Trata-se de um estudo transversal com dados secundários do Departamento de Informática do SUS (DATASUS), englobando variáveis relacionadas às internações e à mortalidade hospitalar (de acordo com as causas, sexo, idade e tempo de permanência). As DCNTSAP são responsáveis por 43,99% das Internações por Todas as Causas (ITC), destacando-se as Doenças Pulmonares como o grupo mais prevalente (18%), seguida de Insuficiência Cardíaca (12,28%). O sexo feminino, com exceção das Doenças Pulmonares, é o que mais interna pelas demais causas. Encontrou-se também tendência linear de aumento na taxa de mortalidade das DCNTSAP agrupadas. Conclui-se que, dada a magnitude das internações, bem como o aumento da mortalidade pelas DCNTSAP, são urgentes reflexões mais aprofundadas sobre o cuidado na atenção primária aos idosos nesta região.
Tendências empreendedoras dos enfermeiros de um hospital universitário
Authors: Costa Fabiana Gallo , Vaghetti Helena Heidtmann , Martinello Daniela Faustino Gonçalves , Mendes Daniel Pinho , Terra Alessandra Chaves , Alvarez Simone Quadros , Lemos Luiz Augusto Pinto
Published: December 2013

Estudo quantitativo que objetivou identificar tendências empreendedoras dos enfermeiros de um hospital universitário e relacioná-las com idade, tempo de trabalho e conclusão do curso de enfermagem. Estudo quantitativo, transversal contemporâneo realizado em 2010. Todos os 60 enfermeiros responderam ao questionário "Tendência Empreendedora Geral", com cinco categorias. Na categoria "criatividade", um enfermeiro obteve dois pontos, em "necessidade de realização", um enfermeiro somou 12 pontos; em "impulso e determinação", quatro enfermeiros alcançaram maior pontuação; em "riscos calculados/moderados", a maior pontuação foi 10 pontos; em "autonomia/independência", nove enfermeiras obtiveram um ponto. Idades entre 27 e 33 anos mostraram maior tendência empreendedora. Existe decréscimo da tendência empreendedora dos enfermeiros com idades superiores a 43 até 56 anos, com mais de 17 anos de conclusão de curso e com maior tempo de trabalho. São necessárias ações que estimulem enfermeiros na faixa etária em declínio da tendência empreendedora e aqueles com maior tempo de formação e trabalho.
Vivências da família após infarto agudo do miocárdio
Authors: Garcia Raquel Pötter , Budó Maria de Lourdes Denardin , Simon Bruna Sodré , Wünsch Simone , Oliveira Stefanie Griebeler , Barbosa Mariane da Silva
Published: December 2013

Objetivou-se descrever as vivências da família no pós-infarto. Pesquisa qualitativa, descritiva e exploratória, realizada com seis famílias de pacientes pós-infarto. A coleta de dados ocorreu no domicílio das famílias, no período de fevereiro a maio de 2012, por meio de observação e entrevista com a família. Foi utilizado o software Atlas Ti 6.2 na codificação das entrevistas e os dados foram explorados com a análise temática. Surgiram duas categorias: "Tempos difíceis": consequência imediata do infarto agudo do miocárdio para as famílias; e "Nos reeducamos - a gente se adapta", vivência atual das famílias. A vivência imediata pós-infarto é permeada por variados sentimentos, necessitando adaptação das famílias para adequação às necessidades. A vivência atual demonstra modificações nas famílias devido à enfermidade. A família é a principal responsável pelas práticas de cuidado, porém a Enfermagem deve atuar na troca e no compartilhamento de saberes.
Identificação do paciente nas organizações de saúde: uma reflexão emergente
Authors: Tase Terezinha Hideco , Lourenção Daniela Campos de Andrade , Bianchini Suzana Maria , Tronchin Daisy Maria Rizatto
Published: December 2013

O processo de identificação do paciente é essencial para garantir a segurança e a qualidade da assistência nas instituições de saúde. O emprego de pulseira para identificação é uma prática usual. Contudo, fatores culturais, organizacionais, materiais e humanos concorrem para sua não conformidade, induzindo a erros ou acarretando eventos adversos. Este artigo teve como objetivos destacar os elementos constituintes do processo de identificação do paciente por meio de pulseiras e refletir acerca da implementação desse processo nas instituições hospitalares. Adotaram-se referenciais teóricos e normatizações de organizações e órgãos acreditadores que discutem a temática da segurança no âmbito hospitalar, bem como as iniciativas destinadas à identificação segura do paciente. Conclui-se que a identificação do paciente por meio de pulseira é uma prática recomendada internacionalmente, porém há lacunas no que tange à instituição de protocolos, à execução efetiva e à avaliação do processo para subsidiar ações gerenciais e assistências.
Um olhar sensível às tribos pós-modernas: cuidando da saúde dos adolescentes no cotidiano
Authors: Nóbrega Juliana Fernandes da , Nitschke Rosane Gonçalves , Silva Fernanda Pravato da , Carraro Cláudia Anita Gomes , Alves Cristiane
Published: December 2013

Trata-se de uma reflexão teórica, fundamentada na Sociologia Compreensiva de Michel Maffesoli. Tem como objetivo refletir sobre o cuidado com a saúde dos adolescentes no cotidiano contemporâneo, considerando um olhar sensível para o fenômeno das tribos urbanas. As tribos são compreendidas como estruturação de grupos de pessoas que se reúnem afetivamente, construindo um vínculo de socialidade com um objetivo comum. Esta reflexão enfoca a importância de se considerar a maneira de viver dos adolescentes e visa ampliar os horizontes dos profissionais da saúde, em busca de estratégias de atuação, sintonizadas com a realidade e as necessidades de cuidados para promover a saúde, delineando, assim, maneiras de cuidar afetivas e, portanto, mais efetivas, contribuindo para repensar as políticas de atenção à saúde dos adolescentes na contemporaneidade.
A fuzzy logic model for biogas generation in bioreactor landfills
Authors: Abdallah Mohamed , Fernandes Leta , Warith Mostafa , Rendra Septa
Published: December 2013

A fuzzy logic model was developed to simulate the effect of leachate recirculation and sludge addition on the biogas generation in anaerobic bioreactor landfills. The model was designed using a fuzzy logic system (FLS) which incorporated 3 input variables (time, leachate recirculation, and sludge addition) and a single manipulated output (biogas generation rate). The biogas production rate was measured during the experiment and was increasing proportionally with the rate of both leachate recirculation and sludge addition. The experimental work involved the operation of six simulated laboratory-scale bioreactors for over a year under different operating schemes. The experimental results were employed in formulating the fuzzy rule base, calibrating the model, and verifying its predictions. Then, the model was validated against other measured data that was compiled from published studies. The FLS model simulations demonstrated high correlation with the experimental observations.
The disinfection efficacy of chlorine and chlorine dioxide as disinfectants of Bacillus globigii, a surrogate for Bacillus anthracis, in water networks: A comparative study
Authors: Hosni Ahmed A. , Shane William T. , Szabo Jeffery G. , Bishop Paul L.
Published: December 2013

Intentional contamination of drinking water with anthrax spores is a concern to water utilities. The spores may become embedded in the distribution pipe corrosion and biofilm, where they will be protected from residual disinfectants. This paper compares the disinfection effectiveness of chlorine and chlorine dioxide on Bacillus globigii , a surrogate for B. anthracis . Batch experiments were performed using both disinfectants. Data was analyzed using the delayed Chick-Watson model to determine the corresponding CTlag (CT = concentration  ×  time) values and Watson plots, which indicate the dominant factors affecting disinfection kinetics. Chlorine dioxide had CTlag values almost one tenth of those observed for chlorine. However, Watson plots showed that exposure time and disinfectant concentrations have equal weights on the inactivation rate of both disinfectants.
Phase separation behavior of three common alcohols with methoxy-nonafluorobutane or ethoxy-nonafluorobutane in water
Authors: Lee Kenneth Y. , Ha Duong T.
Published: December 2013

Laboratory experiments are conducted to determine the liquid  –  liquid phase separation behavior of six three-component systems with each system comprised of a common alcohol (namely ethanol, isopropanol, or methanol), water, and one of two engineered dense nonaqueous phase liquids (DNAPLs) manufactured by the 3M™ Corporation (namely methoxy-nonafluorobutane (HFE-7100) or ethoxy-nonafluorobutane (HFE-7200)). The experimental results are presented on ternary phase diagrams and compared against available published experimental data where tetrachloroethylene (PCE) and (or) trichloroethylene (TCE) is the dense nonaqueous phase liquid (DNAPL). Results show that the two engineered fluids exhibit similar phase separation behavior in the presence of the same alcohol. Furthermore, these engineered fluids exhibit similar phase separation behavior to that of PCE, but relatively dissimilar phase separation behavior to that of TCE.
Sludge pretreatment before aerobic digestion to enhance pathogen destruction
Authors: Seaman L. , Sherif R. , Parker Wayne J. , Kennedy K. , Seto P.
Published: December 2013

Bench scale experimentation was completed to assess the potential of using a short residence time pretreatment reactor upstream of aerobic digestion to enhance the destruction of pathogens. The impact of aeration, temperature, hydraulic residence time (HRT), solids concentration, and feeding frequency on the pretreatment process was investigated. Subsequent testing evaluated pathogen destruction resulting from the operation of selected pretreatment conditions in a staged configuration with conventional aerobic digesters. Either highly oxidative or highly reductive conditions were observed to be most effective in reducing the concentrations of E. coli. and Salmonella spp. in the pretreatment reactor. When operated in series with the aerobic digesters, the more highly reducing conditions in pretreatment were found to enhance die-off of the microorganisms in subsequent aerobic digestion compared to the control.
Arsenic removal from groundwater through iron oxyhydroxide coated waste products
Authors: Abdallah Elsadig A.M. , Gagnon Graham A.
Published: December 2013

The goal of this research was to remove arsenic from groundwater supplies via adsorption into media obtained from waste material generated as by-products from glass recycling programs and the seafood industry such as crushed glass and scallop shells. During the course of this research four new adsorbents were developed: ferric hydroxide coated crushed glass (FHCCG); ferric oxide coated crushed glass (FOCCG); ferric hydroxide coated scallop shells (FHCSS); and ferric oxide coated scallop shells (FOCSS). The adsorbents were characterized through evaluation of their structure, surface area, chemical composition, iron content, and coating stability. Efficiency of the adsorbents to remove arsenic from water was examined through batch kinetic and isotherm adsorption experiments. The adsorption capacity of the adsorbents was also evaluated by performing column experiments using real ground waters and a synthetic water. Arsenic removal to a concentration less than 10  μg/L was achieved with the FHCSS and more than 9000 bed volumes of water were treated before the breakthrough point was reached. The research results revealed that scallop shells coated with ferric hydroxideperformed better than crushed glass coated with ferric hydroxide. Both FOCCG and FOCSS had poor arsenic removal compared with FHCSS and granular ferric hydroxide (GFH). Ferric hydroxide coated scallop shells performed similarly to GFH.
Simulation of odour dispersion downwind from natural windbreaks using the computational fluid dynamics standard k-ε model
Authors: Lin Xing Jun , Barrington Suzelle , Gong Guangcai , Choinière Denis
Published: December 2013

If natural windbreaks create air turbulence and can help disperse odours from livestock operations, their dispersion effect has not been extensively researched. This paper introduces a model simulating odour dispersion downwind from natural windbreaks. The standard k-ε model of the FLUENT software was used to incorporate the effect of climatic conditions and windbreak structure. The model was calibrated for wind velocity recovery, odour concentration (OC) from field observations and inertial resistance. Once calibrated, the model accurately reproduced the odour plume developing downwind from the windbreak. The correlation between OC for 11 field trials and that simulated were statistically significant (P < 0·01), indicating that the model was accurate. The model demonstrated that a windbreak did alter the magnitude and direction of the wind velocity, thus creating a pressure jump across its width. This pressure jump produces a strong downwind turbulence forming a mixing layer capable of enhancing odour dispersion.
An upflow fixed-bed anaerobic–aerobic reactor for removal of organic matter and nitrogen from L-lysine plant wastewater
Authors: Messias de Araújo Moacir , Zaiat Marcelo
Published: December 2013

This paper reports on the design of a new reactor configuration—an upflow fixed-bed combined anaerobic  –  aerobic reactor  —  can operate as a single treatment unit for the removal of nitrogen (≈150  mg N/L) and organic matter (≈1300  mg COD/L) from Lysine plant wastewater. L-Lysine, an essential amino acid for animal nutrition, is produced by fermentation from natural raw materials of agricultural origin, thus generating wastewater with high contents of organic matter and nitrogen. The best operational condition of the reactor was obtained with a hydraulic retention time of 35  h (21  h in the anaerobic zone and 14  h in the aerobic zone) and a recycling ratio (R) of 3·5. In this condition, the COD, total Kjeldahl nitrogen (TKN), and total nitrogen (TN) removal efficiencies were 97%, 96%, and 77%, respectively, with average effluent concentrations of 10 ± 36  mg COD/L, 2 ± 1  mg NH4+-N/L, 8 ± 3  mg Org-N/L, 1 ± 1  mg NH2−-N/L, and 26 ± 23  mg NH3−-N/L.
Optimization of phosphorus removal in secondary effluent using immersed ultrafiltration membranes with in-line coagulant pretreatment  —  implications for advanced water treatment and reuse applications
Authors: Citulski Joel , Farahbakhsh Khosrow , Kent Fraser
Published: December 2013

In-line addition of alum and ferric chloride was conducted at a hollow-fibre immersed ultrafiltration (UF) membrane pilot plant, using secondary effluent from a municipal wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) as the feed. The objective of such pretreatment was to remove phosphorus from the feed from an initial concentration of approximately 5  mg/L to below 0·3  mg/L. The simplified in-line coagulant addition process involved hydraulic mixing of the coagulant into the feed and subsequent flocculation, and a greatly reduced (12  –  14  min) flocculation time relative to conventional coagulation-flocculation-settling treatment. Both alum and ferric chloride effectively removed phosphorus to below the 0·3  mg/L threshold when applied as a pretreatment at optimized doses, both of which were below the WWTP’s current coagulant dose (as ferrous chloride). This simplified pre-treatment scheme provided consistent enhanced removal of phosphorus and organic compounds. These results suggest that simplified in-line coagulant addition in advance of immersed UF membranes enhances the ability to produce treated effluent suitable for water-reuse applications.
Effect of analgesics on the antibiotic resistance of ammonia-oxidizing organisms
Authors: Koney Prapurna , Morse Audra
Published: December 2013

The present study was conducted to determine the effect of analgesics (aspirin and salicylic acid) on heterotrophic organisms and ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) resistance to antibiotics (amoxicillin, ciprofloxacin, and nalidixic acid) using the spread plate method. The bacteria were cultured from a biological graywater reclamation system. The results indicate an increase in ciprofloxacin resistance of AOB at concentrations of 0·5 and 1  mmol/L salicylic acid and aspirin. An increase in resistance of heterotrophic organisms and AOB in the presence of salicylic acid and aspirin was observed at 0·064 and 0·107  mmol/L of nalidixic acid. However, the effect of salicylic acid and aspirin on amoxicillin resistance of heterotrophic organisms and AOB was minimal. This study is important because it focuses on the antibiotic resistance of the less studied environmental microbes by considering the impact of compounds other than antibiotics to induce antibiotic resistance.
Spatial distribution of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria in the biofilm and suspended growth biomass of the full- and partial-bed biological aerated filters
Authors: Fatihah S. , Donnelly T.
Published: December 2013

The extent of comparable nitrogen removal in the full- and partial-bed biological aerated reactors needs further microbiological evidence, specifically the existence of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB). The nitrogen removal process in such systems is typically initiated by chemoliautotrophic ammonia-oxidizing bacteria converting ammonia to nitrite and traces of oxidized nitrogen gases. The formation of a dense biofilm as a result of higher turbulence would account for the higher number of AOB cells enumerated in the biofilm samples from the partial-bed reactor (4·3 × 105 ± 1·9 × 105 No. of AOB cells/mL sample) as compared with those from the full-bed reactor (1·5 × 105 ± 8·0 × 104 No. of AOB cells/mL sample).
Management of hydrocarbon-contaminated soil through bioremediation and landfill disposal at a remote location in Northern Canada
Authors: Sanscartier David , Reimer Kenneth , Zeeb Barbara , George Karen
Published: December 2013

Northern communities often have limited resources to resolve petroleum hydrocarbon (PHC) contamination. This project investigated an innovative approach for the management of diesel-contaminated soil in a remote community in Labrador. The soil was first treated in a passively aerated biopile to reduce the concentrations of mobile PHCs. The treated soil was then disposed of in the local landfill. Maximum total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH) concentrations in soil, concentrations of PHCs with less than 16 carbons in soil, and TPH in leachate decreased during the 1 year field treatment. Microcosms incubated at 7 and 22  °C in the laboratory showed the potential for biodegradation of the PHCs. However, volatilization was likely the predominant PHC removal mechanism in the field. Disposal of treated soil to landfills has the advantage of transforming waste (i.e., soil) into a valued product (i.e., cover for the refuse). The development of risk-based guidelines for the disposal of PHC-contaminated soil into landfills in Canada appears to be needed and is discussed in this paper. Guidelines should be protective of the environment while prevent over-treatment of the soil, which may result in unnecessary spending and environmental impacts. The cost of the system tested was compared to that of treating soil in an off-site facility.
Three‐Dimensional Seed Size and Shape QTL in Hexaploid Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Populations
Authors: Williams Keith , Sorrells Mark E.
Published: December 2013

Seed size and shape are important traits that have been altered during domestication and are monitored in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) breeding programs because they may impact yield and milling quality. Quantitative trait loci (QTL) for seed morphology were mapped in two doubled‐haploid (DH) wheat populations using three seed axes and elliptic Fourier descriptors of shape. In the Synthetic W7984 × Opata M85 (SynOpDH) population, 31 QTL were detected on all chromosomes except 3D, 4D, 5D, 6B, and 7B. Seed shape QTL in SynOpDH were independent of genes Q, Gpc‐B1, Ser5B, S1, S2, S3, and markers for rice (Oryza sativa L.) GW2 and GS3. Environmentally stable QTL on 1A and 2D, as well as a pleiotropic QTL on 5A were detected. QTL on chromosome 1A conditioned uniformly widened grains, 2D affected width, and 5A width and thickness. In the Cayuga × Caledonia DH population, 30 QTL affecting kernel morphology were detected on all chromosomes except 3A, 5D, 6A, 6B, 7A, and 7B. The most significant QTL in this population were on 3D affecting seed length and on 1D and 3B affecting uniform widening. Marker‐assisted selection of these QTL for complex dimensions of seed shape may assist in breeding cultivars with improved yield or quality.