bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
El Fuego que arde bajo el mármol: historia y teoría para entender la destrucción de monumentos en el caso de George Floyd
Authors: Contreras Gallegos Luis Fernando
Published: July 2021

El reciente asesinato de George Floyd desató una gran cantidad de movilizaciones sociales, dentro de las cuales destaca la destrucción de monumentos. Sin embargo, ¿por qué motivos la agresión de la multitud se canaliza sobre estos espacios de memoria?, y ¿cómo pueden ser leídos dichos gestos de destrucción? Estas dos preguntas son las que atraviesan a este texto. Para darles respuesta, seccionamos el escrito en tres partes. 1. Un recorrido histórico que permita entender quiénes son los confederados y por qué motivos son considerados emblemas del racismo. 2. La coyuntura histórica en la que se dio la proliferación de monumentos confederados y cuáles eran los objetivos de estos monumentos. 3. Una elaboración teórica que permite leer la destrucción de monumentos como un acto participe de una rivalidad entre experiencias de tiempo.
The 1957 Central High crisis: civil rights and education in the United States as a public history experience through the Pryor Center for Arkansas Oral and Visual History
Authors: Rocha Augusto Machado
Published: July 2021

Through an oral and visual history archive, we sought to develop an analysis regarding the period of school segregation in the United States, as well as the moment known as “integration”. Drawing on the experiences recorded in The David and Barbara Pryor Center for Arkansas Oral and Visual History, an analysis based on the memories of the period of overcoming segregation in the school context was developed. Our focus was on the perception of the persistence of prejudice as a factor that harms the learning process, as was observed in Terrence Roberts’ speech. The orientation of the work within the sphere of public history aims to show how people simultaneously experience a conflicting situation and the problem of abandoning the past, bearing in mind the continuity of the issues faced and which need to be reestablished.
Incidencia de la apertura económica en las transformaciones sociales y económicas del municipio de Circasia 1991-2011
Authors: Largo Cruz Jose David
Published: July 2021

El presente artículo explica los procesos históricos que se desarrollaron en la Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa (uas) en el periodo de la Reforma Universitaria a mediados de los años sesenta del siglo xx. Se propone que esta serie de reformas fueron inspiradas en el Manifiesto Liminar de la Universidad de Córdoba, Argentina, en 1918, con sus particulares adaptaciones al contexto regional de México. De ahí que los cambios académicos y administrativos impulsados por la Federación de Estudiantes Universitarios Sinaloenses (feus), con el aval de la rectoría de Rodolfo Monjaraz Buelna (1966-1970), hayan fortalecido dimensiones como la autonomía universitaria, el cogobierno, la vinculación de la uas con la sociedad y la modernización académica.
Defensa pública de una institución educativa
Authors: Pérez Pinzón Luis Rubén
Published: July 2021

La fundación de la Universidad Industrial de Santander (uis) en 1948 fue el resultado de la lucha entre dirigentes políticos y propietarios de periódicos regionales de Santander. Este artículo describe cuál fue el proceso de justificación de la estructura académica y la infraestructura física de la uis acorde a la narrativa defensiva y reivindicatoria de la prensa liberal. A partir del análisis descriptivo del discurso de diagnósticos gubernamentales y las exigencias periodísticas, se demuestra la importancia que tuvo la presión social desde las imprentas liberales para la creación de la primera universidad del nororiente andino, así como la resistencia de las élites conservadoras.
Urdimbre de la imagen
Authors: Sequeda Garrido Yezid David
Published: July 2021

Derrumbar el bronce y poner pesadas esculturas a morder el asfalto, mientras se cuestionan biografías de personajes conocidos, son parte de este debate contemporáneo sobre la historia, la memoria y las formas de trasmisión del pasado nacional. En esta coyuntura, la imagen y todo lo que a ella se asocia resulta protagónico para movimientos y acciones que logran cobertura global en un momento convulso. Es precisamente el análisis de la imagen lo que alienta al historiador Carlos A. Flórez López a emprender un cuidadoso análisis de la utilidad de la imagen y de la iconografía como parte de la historia, así como de sus formas de transmisión, estudio, enseñanza y abordaje. Guiado por los aportes y la teoría contenida en trabajos que se han ocupado previamente y a fondo del tema, Flórez emprende una interesante reflexión sobre la importancia de la imagen y lo que su estudio puede aportar al conocimiento y al quehacer de la historiografía.
Paramilitarismo, suspensión constitucional y estado de excepción en la República de Haití (1957-1986)
Authors: Silva Ardanuy Francisco Manuel
Published: July 2021

El presente artículo aborda el proceso de configuración de organizaciones paramilitares al servicio del Estado haitiano bajo la presidencia de François y Jean Claude Duvalier. Sus objetivos eran alterar el modelo democrático de la República de Haití y suprimir cualquier tipo de oposición política, lo que generó un tránsito desde unas frágiles estructuras democráticas a un modelo de dictadura partidario basado en el empleo de fuerzas paramilitares. Ambos presidentes estructuraron organizaciones que, junto a las propias Fuerzas Armadas haitianas y bajo el control presidencial, detentaron el ejercicio de la violencia en el país entre 1957 y 1986, generando 60.000 víctimas directas y el exilio masivo de amplios sectores de la población de Haití.
Presentación del Dossier: "Prácticas públicas de la historia. Contextos locales, diálogos globales"
Authors: Vargas Álvarez Sebastián
Published: July 2021

N/A
Comunicados emitidos en el marco del “Paro Nacional” de 2021 en Colombia
Authors: Revista de Historia y Política Ciencia Nueva
Published: July 2021

Con el propósito de contribuir a la divulgación y conservación de las posturas expresadas por diferentes organizaciones en el marco del “Paro Nacional” iniciado el 28 de abril de 2021, la revista Ciencia Nueva comparte con sus lectores una serie de comunicados oficiales que consideramos pertinentes para la reflexión académica.
Evaluating SARS-CoV-2 infection under tenofovir-based antiviral prophylaxis: a multi-scale modeling analysis upon experimental data
Authors: Salazar Pablo M De , Ramos Javier , Cruz Victor L , Polo Rosa , Amo Julia Del , Buckee Caroline O. , Martínez-Salazar Javier
Published: July 2021

Tenofovir has shown promising evidence of improving COVID-19 clinical
outcomes in observational studies, still to be confirmed in clinical
trials. Disease severity might be reduced under prophylaxis with the
prodrug tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF), while the protection seems
to decrease, or even to lack, when using the alternative prodrug
tenofovir alafenamide fumarate (TAF).  Aiming to understand why
TDF-prophylaxis might reduce COVID-19 severity upon infection we
developed a multi-scale analysis framework combining in
vitro susceptibility data, molecular docking, and within-host dynamics
modeling, and using remdesivir–the only antiviral approved to date
against COVID-19– as a point of reference.First, our docking model
predicted that intracellularly active tenofovir diphosphate binds into
the SARS-CoV-2 RNA polymerase in the same site as the antiviral
remdesivir triphosphate, but presents lower binding energy, likely
reducing the overall inhibition of viral replication and making the
antiviral efficacy more susceptible to the drug intracellular
concentration. Second, using data from in
vitro viral cultures with plausible TDF therapeutic
concentrations, we estimated that the drug can inhibit SARS-COV-2
replication at an efficacy ranging between 54-99%  conditional to the
viral cycle length. Third, assuming values approximating this range of
inhibition for in vivo viral replication during human SARS-COV-2
infection, we found that prophylaxis with TDF with high penetration into
viral target cells is capable of delaying viral replication, mitigating
direct cell damage and allowing time for the host to mount the adaptive
immunity. Last, we found that the potential antiviral effect can be
substantially reduced when TDF is given after infection begins. Our work
provides a potential mechanistic explanation of the observed clinical
effect of TDF against SARS-CoV-2 infection. The proposed inference
framework can help to optimize the evaluation of antiviral therapies for
COVID-19, in particular those targeting the RNA dependent RNA
polymerase.
Supporting Information for "Large-scale Surface Shape Sensing with Learning-based Computational Mechanics"
Authors: Wang Kui , Mak Chi Hin , Ho Justin Di-Lang , Liu Zhi-Yu , Sze Kam Yim , Wong Kenneth K.Y. , Althoefer Kaspar , Liu Yunhui , Fukuda Toshiko , Kwok Ka-Wai
Published: July 2021

Proprioception, the ability to perceive one’s own configuration and
movement in space, enables organisms to safely and accurately interact
with their environment and each other. The underlying sensory nerves
that make this possible are highly dense and use sophisticated
communication pathways to propagate signals from nerves in muscle, skin
and joints to the central nervous system wherein the organism can
process and react to stimuli. In a step forward to realize robots with
such perceptive capability, we propose a flexible sensor framework that
incorporates a novel hybrid modeling strategy, taking advantage of
computational mechanics and machine learning. We implement the sensor
framework on a large, thin and flexible sensor that transforms sparsely
distributed strains into continuous surface shape. Finite element (FE)
analysis is utilized to determine sensor design parameters, while an FE
model is built to enrich the morphological data used in the supervised
training to achieve continuous surface reconstruction. A mapping between
the local strain data and the enriched surface data is subsequently
trained using ensemble learning. This hybrid approach enables real-time,
robust and high-order surface shape reconstruction. The sensing
performance is evaluated in terms of accuracy, repeatability, and
feasibility with numerous scenarios, which has not been demonstrated and
reported on such a large-scale (A4-paper-size) sensor before.
Loving GOD, Loving Others: The Evil of Hatred by Accidental Differences in Humankind
Authors: PhD Michael A. Milton,
Published: July 2021

The rise of ideologies in the West that promote prejudicial
treatment of others based on accidental (humanly uncontrollable)
features (distinguishing ethnic physical traits, geographic origin,
physical or mental capacities, or native cultures, viz., Western
Civilization, that in all of its vicissitudes, has produced distinctive
behavioral, socio-religious, and intellectual norms) is an illogical,
cruel, and nationally  self-destructive worldview that must be exposed
and rejected. The premise of “races” of human beings (Caucasian race,
negroid race, mongoloid race, etc.) , rather than the “race of
Mankind,” male and female, all originating from a common set of
ancestors, created by God, with “in-species” genetic variety (e.g.,
melanin production creating darker or lighter skin color) is not only
unsupported by the teachings of the Old and New Testaments, but singled
out as sins against God. The author examines a recent case of a medical
doctor dreaming of murdering white people. The statement is considered
from both scientific and spiritual viewpoints. The author cites personal
experience in the United States military, as well as peer-reviewed
articles, to establish the hypothesis that the rise of violent tribalism
(“Balkanization”) produces Socialistic authoritarianism, which
forcibly reunites divided “tribes” under the flag of autocratic rule.
This opinion-editorial article concludes by asserting that the Gospel of
Jesus Christ is the powerful antidote that liberates people from this
pestilent consequences of original sin to discover authentic fraternity
in our common Imago Dei (the image of God in
Man), and transformative freedom from the effects of the Fall,
i.e., to embrace and be embraced by a divine love that transcends our
sin. Only in knowing such love can we be free from the hatred that
divides, the bitterness that excludes, and the pain and sorrow that
inevitably follows.
Energy and Shannon entropy for a hydrogen atom confined in a dielectric spherical microcavity
Authors: Dehuwa Wang , Zhang Jie , Sun Zhaopeng , Zhang Shufang , Zhao Gang
Published: July 2021

We calculate the energy and Shannon entropy for a hydrogen atom confined
in a dielectric spherical microcavity for the fist time. In contrast to
the hydrogen atom in the vacuum microcavity, some unexpected and
interesting phenomena appear: First, the turning radius for the bound
energy changes from positive to negative depends on the dielectric
constant of the spherical microcavity sensitively. With the increase of
the relative dielectric constant, the turning radius gets larger.
Second, the dielectric spherical microcavity impacts the rearrangement
of the excited state energy, and breaks the energy degeneracy of the
excited states. At some given radius, there is energy crossover between
different orbital. Third, the dielectric in the spherical microcavity
affects the Shannon entropy for the confined hydrogen atom greatly. The
Shannon entropy in the vacuum microcavity is the smallest and the
Shannon entropy increases with the relative dielectric constant. For
smaller size spherical microcavity, the Shannon entropy change is always
negative, which suggests that the electron density is localized. With
the increase of the radius of the microcavity, the Shannon entropy
change becomes positive, and the confinement of the electron density
gets delocalized. Our results show that we can control the confining
effect of the spherical microcavity on the atom by changing the
dielectric. This work can guide the future experimental studies for
trapping and manipulating of atoms and molecules in the external
environment and has some practical applications in metrology and quantum
information processing.
Contribution of Nitrogen Heteroatom to Anion-π Interaction of N-heterocyclic Anthracene C14-2mH10-2mN2m (m = 1, 2, and 3) with Chloride Anion
Authors: Zhang Huan , Wang Bingqiang , Du Shuangli , Kuai Pingyu , Guo Baojing
Published: July 2021

N-heterocyclic aromatic in anion-π interaction has been playing a
crucial role in a host of chemical and biological processes. In the
present contribution, several different complexes composed of
N-heterocyclic anthracene C14-2mH10-2mN2m (m = 1, 2, and 3) and chloride
anion are investigated at the atomic level. We find that anion-π
interactions are enhanced with the increasing number of N atoms. In
addition, positions of nitrogen heteroatoms also have a significant
effect on this interaction. Contributions of α, β and γ N atoms are in
order of Nβ>Nγ>Nα. Moreover, energy
decomposition analysis indicates that electrostatic interactions are the
dominant stabilizing forces when chloride anion locates above aromatic
ring, while the influence of other terms becomes significant when
chloride anion deviates from aromatic ring. It is worth noting that
dispersion forces play an important role in those anion-π interactions.
Carotenoid and tocopherol fortification of zucchini fruits using a viral RNA vector
Authors: Houhou Fakhreddine , Cordero Teresa , Aragonés Verónica , Martí Maricarmen , Cebolla-Cornejo Jaime , Castro Ana Pérez de , Rodríguez-Concepción Manuel , Picó Belén , Daròs José-Antonio
Published: July 2021

Carotenoids and tocopherols are health-promoting metabolites in
livestock and human diets. Some important crops have been genetically
modified to increase their content. Although the usefulness of
transgenic plants to alleviate nutritional deficiencies is obvious,
their social acceptance has been controversial. Here, we demonstrate an
alternative biotechnological strategy for carotenoid and tocopherol
fortification of edible fruits in which no transgenic DNA is involved. A
viral RNA vector derived from Zucchini yellow mosaic virus (ZYMV) was
modified to express a bacterial phytoene synthase (crtB), and inoculated
in zucchini (Cucurbita pepo L.) leaves nurturing pollinated flowers.
After the viral vector moved to the developing fruit and expressed crtB,
the rind and flesh of the fruits developed yellow-orange rather than
green color. Metabolite analyses showed a substantial enrichment in
health-promoting carotenoids, such as α- and β-carotene (pro-vitamin A),
lutein and phytoene, in both rind and flesh. Considerably higher
accumulation of α- and γ-tocopherol was also detected, particularly in
fruit rind. Although this strategy is perhaps not free from controversy
due to the use of genetically modified viral RNA, our work does
demonstrate the possibility of metabolically fortifying edible fruits
using an approach in which no transgenes are involved.
Wood fuels consumption in households in the Republic of Srpska: A comparative analysis of the wisdom methodology and official statistics
Authors: Comic Dragan , Glavonjic Branko , Anikic Nemanja , Bilic Srdjan
Published: July 2021

The paper presents the results of a research on wood fuels used for heating
in households in the Republic of Srpska (RS). The main objective of this
research was to determine the real consumption of wood fuels in households
in the Republic of Srpska using the internationally recognized WISDOM
methodology, as well as to compare the obtained results with the official
statistical data. In order to conduct the research and obtain a relevant
sample, the Republic of Srpska was divided into six mesoregions. The
research was conducted in 3,149 households, namely 1,380 urban and 1,769
other households. The results indicated that firewood and other wood fuels
were used in 334,761 households. Analyzing the differences between the
results obtained using the WISDOM methodology and the official statistical
data for the Republic of Srpska, it can be concluded that the consumption of
firewood was on average 3.41 times higher compared to the official
statistical data. Results of similar research projects implemented in the
surrounding countries showed similar trends. The paper suggests the
necessity of adopting a new approach and comprehensive research in surveys
conducted by official institutions.
Moisture content changes of beech and ash elements during two years in room conditions
Authors: Milic Goran
Published: July 2021

The subject of this paper is the analysis of moisture content (MC) changes of
beech and ash wood during two years in room conditions (heating during
winter; no air conditioning during summer). The registered MC changes are
primarily the result of changes in relative humidity of the air (measured by
capacitive probes). The average relative humidity of the air in the interior
is lower today than in the past, as also shown in this experiment (the
average relative humidity of air during two years was 44%). The lowest wood
MC was reached on very cold winter days when the heating was on even during
the night - between 5% and 6%, and the highest one at the beginning of June:
10.4-10.9%. As expected, the wood did not reach equilibrium moisture content
- during winter, MC is by about 1% higher, and in summer it is lower by up
to 2.5% than the equilibrium. The recommendation that the sawn timber from
which the interior products will be made should be dried at 7-8% MC was
confirmed.
The apple doesn’t fall far: A word on artistic method
Authors: Sarovic Srdjan
Published: July 2021

This essay represents an inquiry concerning the method in the arts; as such,
it is intended for the affirmation of its significance. Firstly, the concept
of artistic method will be explained in view of its relations with poetic
impulse and the technical aspect of art creation, and then associated to
Longinus?s understanding of the sublime. In between these two opposites,
artistic method is seen as dependent from poetical impulse, while governing
technical side of the creation process. Since it defines the manner of their
selection and use, artistic method gives meaning to the medium and technical
practices constituting the making of the artwork. On the other side,
artistic method springs from the poetic impulse and has to be in accordance
with it. Such proposed meaning of the concept of artistic method will be, in
the second part of this essay, illustrated with examples of my own artistic
practice, being its place of origin.
“A HISTÓRIA QUE A HISTÓRIA NÃO CONTA”: HETEROTOPIAS DE UM SAMBA-ENREDO NO CURRÍCULO
Authors: Oliveira Danilo Araujo de , Ferrari Anderson , Char Carla
Published: July 2021

Considerando o currículo um território de multiplicidades, este artigo explora o conceito de heterotopias de Michel Foucault, acionando o samba-enredo da Mangueira de 2019. O argumento aqui desenvolvido é o de que o samba-enredo da Mangueira nos faz pensar contraespaços no currículo, necessários para a afirmação da vida e para o alargamento de possíveis nos territórios curriculares. Assim, o objetivo deste texto é discutir as possibilidades em um currículo que ultrapassem a linha do instituído, buscando, desse modo, a criação de contraespaços e alargarmento do território curricular para que nele caibam modos de vidas considerados invivíveis. Quando utilizamos o samba e o desfile para problematizar as heterotopias no currículo, vemo-nos implicados na política das subjetividades e nos outros espaços para além da Sapucaí, aqueles em que o desfile pode se desdobrar em novas construções e (des)continuidades.
PROBLEMS OF THE LEASE FOR CONSTRUCTION PURPOSES IN CASE LAW AND THE BILL ON INTRODUCING THE BUILDING RIGHT INTO RUSSIAN LAW
Authors: IVANOVA E.Yu.
Published: July 2021

The article discusses the reasonableness of introducing into Russian law a new limited real property right to the land plot – the building right, proposed for adoption in the bill on the property law reform. Based on the analysis of the recent case law related to the lease for construction purposes, the author compares this institution with the new building right, examines the shortcomings of the lease and assesses how the building right, as it is drafted in the bill, may contribute to their elimination. The author also assesses the prospects for the property law reform and provides suggestions for possible revision of the regulation of the building right provided for in the bill.
CULTURES OF COMMENT: DIFFERENCES AND SIMILARITIES (review of the collection of works “Juristische Kommentare: Ein internationaler Vergleich” (ed. by D. Kästle-Lamparter, N. Jansen, R. Zimmermann. Tübingen: Mohr Siebeck, 2020. XII, 520 p.))
Authors: PSHENICHNIKOV M.A.
Published: July 2021

The book review provides a brief overview of the collection of works “Juristische Kommentare: Ein internationaler Vergleich”, which contains the comparative view on the history, significance and role of the legal commentary and a few other genres of legal literature in different legal orders.
Pengaruh Kepuasan Kerja dan Motivasi Terhadap Kinerja Pegawai Balai Pelestarian Situs Manusia Purba Sangiran
Authors: Purnamarini Tri Ratna
Published: July 2021

Penelitian ini dilaksanakan dengan maksud untuk menguji pengaruh kepuasan kerja terhadap kinerja pegawai, menguji pengaruh motivasi terhadap kinerja pegawai serta menguji pengaruh kepuasan kerja dan motivasi terhadap kinerja pegawai Balai Pelestarian Situs Manusia Purba Sangiran. Jumlah sampel dalam penelitian ini sebanyak 30 responden. Data dianalisis mempergunakan analisis regresi linier berganda dengan bantuan program SPSS. Hasil penelitan menunjukkan bahwa secara sendiri variabel kepuasan kerja dinyatakan ada pengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap kinerja pegawai. Variabel motivasi ada pengaruh positif tetapi tidak signifikan terhadap kinerja pegawai. Sedangkan secara simultan kepuasan kerja dan motivasi mempunyai  pengaruh yang positif dan signifikan terhadap kinerja pegawai Balai Pelestarian Situs Manusia Purba Sangiran. Kata kunci ; Kepuasan Kerja, Motivasi, Kinerja Pegawai
Mujer y satisfacción residencial. La mirada de quienes habitan en el Conjunto Urbano Rancho Santa Elena. Cuautitlán, Estado de México
Authors:   , Nieto Guzmán Ariadna
Published: July 2021

La presente tesis es resultado de una investigación realizada entre enero y septiembre de 2016; el tema de este trabajo nace de la inquietud de conocer el grado de satisfacción residencial de las amas de casa que habitan en el Conjunto Urbano Rancho Santa Elena, ubicado en el municipio de Cuautitlán en el Estado de México. Este documento aporta conocimiento sobre los elementos que inciden en mayor medida sobre el grado de satisfacción que las mujeres experimentan hacia su vivienda y que pueden ser considerados para la elaboración de una política habitacional más adecuada.
Alternatív dohánytermékek használata fesztiválon részt vevő fiatal felnőttek körében
Authors: Torma Albert , Fazekas-Pongor Vince , Terebessy András , Pénzes Melinda
Published: July 2021

Bevezetés: Az alternatív nikotinos- és dohánytermékek (ANDT) a nyugati társadalmakban egyrészt régóta léteznek (például szivar, kézzel sodort cigaretta, pipa, sznüsz, rágódohány, tubák), illetve olyan újabb termékek, amelyek használata az elmúlt években drámaian fokozódott, mint például a vízipipa vagy az e-cigaretta. A szabadtéri zenei fesztiválokat látogató fiatalok körében a legális és illegális szerek fokozott használata jellemző. Tanulmányunk célja egy hazai zenei fesztiválon részt vevő, felsőoktatásban tanuló fiatal felnőttek ANDT használatának és az arra hajlamosító tényezők feltárása. Módszertan: Keresztmetszeti, anonim, önkitöltős kérdőíves vizsgálatunkat 2015 júliusában az EFOTT nyári fesztiválon részt vevő, felsőoktatásban tanuló fiatal felnőttek körében (n=523, 45,2% nő) végeztük. Leíró statisztikai elemzések mellett többváltozós logisztikus regressziómodellekkel vizsgáltuk az ANDT-használat összefüggését szociodemográfiai, dohányzással kapcsolatos és egyéb magyarázó változókkal. Eredmények: Mintánk 30,4%-a alkalmanként dohányzott, 18,9%-a pedig naponta dohányzónak vallotta magát. A résztvevők 48,8%-a egyféle, 14,3% legalább kétféle ANDT-t használt, 36,9% pedig semmilyen ANDT-t nem használt. Legalább havonta egyszer a résztvevők 11,0%-a használt vízipipát, 2,2%-a e-cigarettát, 1% körüli vagy az alatti arányban pedig pipát, szivart, szivarkát és füstmentes dohánytermékeket. Az alkalmankénti és legalább havi gyakoriságú együttes használatot tekintve a vízipipa (59,0%), szivar (8,3%) és e-cigaretta (6,3%) bizonyult a legnépszerűbbnek. Az alkalmanként dohányzók 67,9%-a használt havonta vagy alkalmanként vízipipát, 10,3%-a e-cigarettát; a naponta dohányzók 62,7% vízipipát és 14,6%-a e-cigarettát, a nemdohányzók 52,1%-a vízipipát és 0,8%-a e-cigarettát. Az alkalmanként (EH=5,97, 95%CI=2,35–15,14), illetve naponta dohányzás (EH=4,41, 95%CI=1,69–11,52) mellett a problémás alkoholhasználat (EH=3,14, 95%CI=1,12–8,76), a férfi nem (EH=2,98, 95%CI=1,35–6,58), a havi <30 000 forint költőpénz (EH=2,98, 95%CI=1,29–6,86) és a nagyobb szenzoros élménykereső hajlam (EH=1,08, 95%CI=1,01–1,15) bizonyultak a többes ANDT-használat szignifikáns előrejelzőinek szemben az ANDT-használat mellőzésével. Következtetések: Eredményeink alapján a felsőoktatásban tanuló, szabadtéri zenei fesztiválon részt vevő fiatal felnőttek ANDT-használata számottevő, és jól azonosíthatók az ANDT-használók kiemelt kockázati csoportjai. Éppen ezért a fiatal felnőtt korosztályban is szükség volna többszintű dohányzásprevenciós tevékenységekre.
Budapesti kerékpárutak allergén pollenterhelése
Authors: Mányoki Gergely , Udvardy Orsolya , Kajtor-Apatini Dóra , Orlóci László , Magyar Donát
Published: July 2021

Az allergia hazánkban már népbetegség. A megelőzés egyik legfőbb eszköze a polleninformáció. Az egyes városi zöldterületek allergén terhelésének becslése modellszámítás segítségével végezhető, melyet ezidáig csak városi parkok esetén végeztek. A jelen dolgozat célja a modellezési módszer alkalmazása budapesti kerékpárutakat szegélyező fasorok allergén terhelésének becslésére. A modellben a növényzet kiterjedését és összetételét súlyoztuk a szakirodalomban közölt allergenitásuk szerint. A vizsgálat során tíz budapesti kerékpárút fakataszter-adatait használtuk fel. A megvizsgált kerékpárúti fasorok összesen 2355 faegyede mintegy 60 taxonba (faj, fajta és változat) sorolható be. Ezek közül 10 taxon tekinthető erősen allergénnek (17%). Nagyobb arányban előforduló allergén taxonok a kőrisek, a platánfa és a zöld juhar, míg a nyír, éger, fűz és tölgy fajok csak színező elemként jelennek meg. A fák fele tartozik erősen allergén taxonba, ez 1175 db példányt jelent. Közepes allergenitással a fák 31%-a bír (732 db). Jelen eredményeink alapján fontosnak tartjuk a kerékpárutak további fásítása során az allergológiai szempontok figyelembevételét.
A comparative analysis of two unrelated outbreaks in Latvia and Australia of acquired idiopathic megaesophagus in dogs fed two brands of commercial dry dog foods: 398 cases (2014–2018)
Authors: Hurley Karyl J. , Mansfield Caroline , VanHoutan Ilze Matīse , Lacorcia Lauren , Allenspach Karin , Hebbard Geoffrey , Marks Stanley L. , Poppenga Robert , Kaufman James H. , Weimer Bart C. , Woolard Kevin D. , Bielitzki Joe , Lulham Derek , Naar Jerome
Published: July 2021

CASE DESCRIPTION

In Latvia in 2014, acquired idiopathic megaesophagus (AIME) was observed in increased numbers of dogs that consumed varieties of 1 brand of dog food. Within 2 years, 253 dogs were affected. In Australia in November 2017, 6 working dogs that consumed 1 diet of another brand of dog food developed AIME. In total, 145 Australian dogs were affected.

CLINICAL FINDINGS

AIME was diagnosed predominantly in large-breed male dogs (> 25 kg [55 lb]). Regurgitation, weight loss, and occasionally signs consistent with aspiration pneumonia (coughing, dyspnea, or fever) were noted. Most Latvian dogs had mild to severe peripheral polyneuropathies as evidenced by laryngeal paralysis, dysphonia, weakness, and histopathologic findings consistent with distal axonopathy. In Australian dogs, peripheral polyneuropathies were not identified, and histopathologic findings suggested that the innervation of the esophagus and pharynx was disrupted locally, although limited samples were available.

TREATMENT AND OUTCOME

Investigations in both countries included clinical, epidemiological, neuropathologic, and case-control studies. Strong associations between the dog foods and the presence of AIME were confirmed; however, toxicological analyses did not identify a root cause. In Latvia, the implicated dietary ingredients and formulations were unknown, whereas in Australia, extensive investigations were conducted into the food, its ingredients, the supply chain, and the manufacturing facilities, but a cause was not identified.

CLINICAL RELEVANCE

A panel of international multidisciplinary experts concluded that the cause of AIME in both outbreaks was likely multifactorial, with the possibility of individualized sensitivities. Without a sentinel group, the outbreak in Australia may not have been recognized for months to years, as happened in Latvia. A better surveillance system for early identification of pet illnesses, including those associated with pet foods, is needed. (J Am Vet Med Assoc 2021;259:172–183)
Use of stereotactic body radiation therapy for treatment of a pancreatic tumor in a cat
Authors: Gaitan-Cobo Alba L. , Griffin Lynn R. , Kruckman-Gatesy Carolynne R.
Published: July 2021

CASE DESCRIPTION

A 16-year old castrated male domestic shorthair cat was evaluated at a veterinary teaching hospital because of polyuria, polydipsia, and weight loss of 2 months’ duration.

CLINICAL FINDINGS

Hematologic and biochemical examination results were within respective reference ranges except for moderately high pancreas-specific lipase concentration. Ultrasonographic and cytologic evaluation revealed a hepatic mass with findings consistent with mild cholestasis and inflammation and a pancreatic mass that was initially identified as a neuroendocrine tumor.

TREATMENT AND OUTCOME

The cat underwent additional CT assessment and stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT; 3 fractions of 8 Gy, administered every other day) for treatment of the pancreatic tumor. Follow-up ultrasonographic and CT examinations indicated a partial response to SBRT, with a maximum CT-measured size reduction from 3.6 × 4.8 × 4.0 cm at the time of treatment planning to 2.0 × 2.0 × 1.9 cm 8 months later. Increased pancreatic tumor size and signs of carcinomatosis were detected 15 months after SBRT treatment; the initial cytologic diagnosis was changed to exocrine pancreatic carcinoma on reevaluation of the slides by another veterinary pathologist. Carboplatin treatment was elected, and signs of carcinomatosis resolved. The cat was euthanized without further testing because of weakness 589 days after SBRT was started.

CLINICAL RELEVANCE

To the authors’ knowledge, this is the first report of SBRT for suspected exocrine pancreatic carcinoma in a cat. Further investigation is needed to determine optimal fractionation schedules for SBRT of pancreatic tumors and utility of SBRT of exocrine pancreatic carcinoma in cats. (J Am Vet Med Assoc 2021;259:184–189)
Effect of negative energy balance on plasma metabolites, minerals, hormones, cytokines and ovarian follicular growth rate in Holstein dairy cows
Authors: Song Yuxi , Wang Zhijie , Zhao Chang , Bai Yunlong , Xia Cheng , Xu Chuang
Published: July 2021

Introduction

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of negative energy balance (NEB) on the final growth of the dominant ovarian follicle in Holstein cows.

Material and Methods

Cows at 14 to 21 d postpartum from an intensive dairy farm were randomly selected and allocated into a positive energy balance group (PEB, with β-hydroxybutyric acid (BHBA) level < 1.2 mmol/L, n = 15) and an NEB group (BHBA > 1.2 mmol/L, n = 15). Plasma samples were collected at 21, 50 and 55 d postpartum to assess the concentrations of energy metabolites, minerals, hormones and cytokines. Ovaries were examined by transrectal ultrasound on days 50 and 55 (120 hours later) to evaluate the diameter of the largest follicle.

Results

Compared with PEB cows, there were a more severe body condition loss and a lower milk yield in NEB cows (P < 0.05) and these had greater concentrations of plasma BHBA, non-esterified fatty acids, triglycerides, urea nitrogen, growth hormone, interleukin 6, and fibroblast growth factor 21 and lesser concentrations of plasma glucose, total cholesterol, insulin, insulin-like growth factor 1, insulin-like growth factor binding protein 3, leptin, brain-derived neurotrophic factor and angiopoietin-like protein 8 on d 21 (P < 0.05), while plasma minerals were not affected by energy status (P > 0.05). These changes persisted until the end of the study period (50–55 days postpartum) resulting in a lower follicular growth rate for cows in the NEB than the PEB group.

Conclusion

These observations indicate that follicular growth rate is associated with measurable changes in energy metabolite, hormone and cytokine concentrations caused by early postpartum NEB.
Luteolin attenuates cognitive dysfunction induced by chronic cerebral hypoperfusion through the modulation of the PI3K/Akt pathway in rats
Authors: He Haitao , Chen Xi
Published: July 2021

Introduction

In our study, we evaluated the beneficial effect of luteolin in the treatment of cognitive dysfunction in rat models induced by cerebral hypoperfusion by two-vessel occlusion (2-VO).

Material and Methods

Seventy-five male Sprague Dawley rats were subjected to 2-VO surgery, in all but 15 (the sham group, group I) the ligation being permanent to impair cognitive abilities. The sham group rats received saline instead of a drug; 15 2-VO rats were not injected at all (the model group, group II); 15 2-VO rats were administered luteolin at 50 mg/kg b.w. (the lut 50 group, group III); to a further 15 luteolin was given at 100 mg/kg b.w. (the lut 100 group, group IV); and the final 15 received nimodipine at 16 mg/kg b.w. as positive controls (the nimodipine group, group V). Object recognition and Morris water maze tests were performed to investigate memory ability. A Western blot test was also conducted to assess expression of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K), its downstream target protein kinase B (Akt), and the phosphorylated form (P-Akt) in cerebral cortex and hippocampus tissue samples.

Results

Significant variations in the discrimination index in the object recognition test, the escape latencies in the Morris water maze test, and expression levels of PI3K-p110α and PI3K-p85 were observed three months after 2-VO surgery in both lut groups, with a significant change in the nimodipine group compared to the model group. P-Akt and Akt were expressed significantly higher in both lut groups and the nimodipine group than in the model group.

Conclusion

Luteolin treatment of rats cognitively dysfunctional after experimental cerebral hypo perfusion was neuroprotective by activating the PI3K/Akt signals which inhibit neuronal death in the cerebral cortex and hippocampal region.
Spatiotemporal Variation of Terrestrial Carbon Sequestration in Tropical Urban Area (Case Study in Surakarta District, Indonesia)
Authors: Danardono  , Sunariya M. Iqbal Taufiqurrahman , Fikriyah Vidya Nahdiyatul , Cholil Munawar
Published: July 2021

The value of terrestrial carbon sequestration in urban areas, due to lack of vegetation as a carbon sink, is rarely studied. In fact, urban areas have high carbon emission values, which must be minimised. On the other hand, the value of carbon sequestration in urban areas is very dynamic due to natural factors from the environment and non-natural factors from anthropogenic activities. The main objectives of this study are to identify the carbon dioxide sequestration in urban areas, especially in tropical climates, and to determine the dynamics of carbon sequestration in urban areas for a year. The results show that carbon sequestration in tropical urban areas has a significant value compared with urban areas in temperate climates. This condition happens because there are still green open spaces in gardens and agricultural lands. The value of carbon sequestration in this tropical urban area experiences monthly dynamics caused by rainfall variation and anthropogenic activities, such as land conversion and plant type conversion in agricultural lands.
СОВРЕМЕННЫЕ ТЕНДЕНЦИИ УГОЛОВНО-ПРАВОВОЙ ПОЛИТИКИ В СФЕРЕ ЭКОЛОГИЧЕСКОЙ БЕЗОПАСНОСТИ: ПРОБЛЕМЫ КРИМИНАЛИЗАЦИИ И ДЕКРИМИНАЛИЗАЦИИ
Authors:   Надточий Ю. В., Сиссоко М.
Published: July 2021

В представленной научной работе нашему пристальному вниманию подверглись преступления в сфере экологической безопасности, включённые законодателем в главу 26 Уголовного кодекса Российской Федерации «Экологические преступления». Нами проанализированы все изменения диспозиций норм рассматриваемой главы, внесённые законодателем с момента принятия действующего уголовного закона РФ по настоящее время и связанные с процессами криминализации и декриминализации. Проведённое исследование позволило наглядно продемонстрировать работу законодателя на протяжении всего периода действия УК РФ 1996 г., а именно, его представления о преступном и уголовно наказуемом в этой сфере на различных этапах развития общества, а также выявить основные тенденции уголовной политики в сфере экологической безопасности. Кроме того, проведённый анализ позволил сделать вывод о том, что на сегодняшний день в рассматриваемой сфере наблюдается значительный перевес криминализационных процессов над декриминализационными, законодатель, с одной стороны, пытается учесть различные обстоятельства, способствующие совершению экологических преступлений, добавляет новые конструктивные признаки, обладающие, по его мнению, достаточной общественной опасностью, исправляет ошибки, но делает это непоследовательно, хаотично, бессистемно, в результате чего уголовно-правовая охрана окружающей среды оказывается малоэффективной.
ИССЛЕДОВАНИЕ ДИНАМИКИ ВЫБРОСОВ CO2
В СТРАНАХ АТР И ПОСТСОВЕТСКОГО ПРОСТРАНСТВА
Authors:   Филимонова И. В., Немов В. Ю., Проворная И. В., Ожогова Л. М.
Published: July 2021

Глобальной целью мирового сообщества является переход к «зелёной» экономике, характеризующийся рациональным использованием электроэнергии, сокращением вредных выбросов и потреблением возобновляемых источников энергии. Целью исследования было изучение сближения объёмов выбросов в развивающихся странах с уровнем европейских стран. Согласно результатам, страны стремятся к достижению более низкого уровня выбросоёмкости, но значительно отличаются по динамике и интенсивности сближения. В европейских странах, не входящих в ОЭСР, рост ВВП на душу населения приводит к снижению интенсивности выбросов на 0,26 %, что свидетельствует о том, что экономический рост создаёт дополнительные ресурсы, которые можно использовать для разработки энергоэффективных технологий. В то время как на постсоветском пространстве и в Азиатско-Тихоокеанском регионе значительное влияние на снижение выбросов оказывает эффективность экологической политики.
Ключевые слова: выбросы СО2, эмиссии углекислого газа, выбросоёмкость экономики, энергоэффективность, энергопотребление, углеводородное сырьё, АТР, ОЭСР, конвергенция, сходимость, индекс Тейла, эластичность, панельные данные, экологические проблемы, климатическая политика.
Инвестиции в общественный сектор как возможность привлечения финансирования на реализацию социальных проектов в регионах и муниципалитетах
Authors: Микитчук Виталий Павлович
Published: July 2021

В статье рассматриваются ключевые особенности становления общественного сектора как элемента публичного управления в стране. Подчёркивается, что в настоящее время процесс поддержки общественного сектора носит дис-сипативный и диверсифицированный характер. Осуществлён авторский сравнительный анализ показателей привлечения грантового финансирования в два региона Российской Федерации – Белгородскую область, где инвестиции в инфраструктуру общественного сектора осуществляются уже долгие годы, и Магаданскую, где этот процесс находится на начальном этапе. Период проведения исследования составил 2017–2020 гг., а именно 9 конкурсов Грантов президента, при этом учитывались только проекты-победители. Автором разработаны индикаторы развития общественного сектора, позволяющие определить приоритеты инвестиционный стратегии для привлечения финансирования в социальную сферу региона и муниципалитета. К числу данных показателей были отнесены индекс включённости в грантовые программы, индекс социальной доходности, активность деятельности ре-сурсного центра для некоммерческих организаций (НКО), уровень проектных компетенций у представителей НКО, доля НКО муниципалитетов, участвующих в конкурсах грантов. На основе вышеизложенного предложены рекомендации, которые в разной степени могут быть скомбинированы в инвестиционных стратегиях регионов и муниципалитетов.
People's Understanding of the Off-Court Talak (Case Study in Nagari Koto Tuo, IV Nagari District, the Sijunjung Regency)
Authors: Putri Merlin , Shafra Shafra
Published: July 2021

This study describes the understanding of the people of Nagari Koto Tuo, IV Nagari District, The Sijunjung Regency about divorce (talak) outside the Religious Court. Ideally, with the enactment of Law No. I of 1974 on marriage, talak should be decided in the Religious Court. However, this ideal procedure does not apply effectively in Nagari Kuto Tuo. Although the local settlement is not distant to the local Religious Court and the access for transportation is easy, many husbands recklessly decide to divorce their wives at home during the dispute between them without registering their lawsuits to the court. The purpose of this study is to lower the off-court divorce rate and raise legal awareness of the public about the importance of following the prevailing regulation regarding divorce in Indonesia. This is important because divorces decided without statutory procedures have adverse impacts, especially for women and children. This study uses a qualitative approach, with the divorced wives being the subject of the study. The data collection techniques include observation, interviews and documentation. Data validity techniques follow the triangulation method, whereas data analysis is performed through the following steps: data collection, data reduction, data presentation and conclusion drawing. This study found that the understanding of the people in Nagari Koto Tou about divorce is shaped by classical Islamic jurisprudence (fiqh) that posits husband to have the absolute right to divorce. With this absolute right, husbands can decide to divorce their wives whenever and wherever they want without being bothered to consider registering it formally to the local Religious Court. The divorced wives are left in despair without any power to defend her right. This provision on divorce is considered indisputable let alone contested. As a consequence, this off-court divorce generally leaves women traumatized, making many of them unwilling to get another marriage. This trauma partly contributes to the number of off-court marriages, for they do not see its importance. Legal certainty obtained from the court's verdict of divorce as recorded by the divorce certificate is deemed unnecessary, for they would not remarry in the future
FORMULATION EVALUATION AND OPTIMIZATION OF CHITOSAN COATED CEFTRIAXONE LOADED MICROPARTICLES
Authors: Jain Mayuri , Choudhary Shailja , Islam Mojahidul
Published: July 2021

Ceftriaxone, a third generation cephalosporin antibiotic is an important antibiotic used in the treatment of invasive infections caused by the certain bacteria such as the penicillin-resistant microorganisms like Staphyloccocus aureus, strains of S. pneumonia, S. aureus and Enterobacteriaceae , particularly among E. coli. There is increasing antimicrobial resistance of Ceftriaxone in particular against these strains of bacteria. This study has been conducted to formulate, evaluate and optimize chitosan coated ceftriaxone loaded microparticles with better efficacy and also observes the MIC against strains of bacteria. Emulsion crosslinking method was used for the formulation of microparticles of ceftriaxone by using chitosan as a polymer and glutraldehyde as a cross linking agent which is optimized by using Box-Behnken Design. Three independent variables were taken; effect of drug and the polymer ratio, effect of the stirring speed and effect of crosslinking agent and dependent variables were microparticles entrapment efficiency and the In vitro drug release. Following optimization of the formulations, physical characterization as well as entrapment efficiency and ultimately in-vitro evaluation was performed. Physical characterization include optical microscopy, SEM and DLS to check there physical properties. The method used for the formulation of microparticle had the optimum entrapment efficiency of 61.7% which was increase with the increase in the addition of the more amount of chitosan and glutraldehyde and method also achieved the good in vitro release. MIC studies of microparticles were done against Klebsiella pneumonia, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus mutans, Escherichia coli and it was found that the formulations showed decrease in MIC.