bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Thomas Edward Lawrence (Lawrence of Arabia) in the struggle of Great Britain and the Ottoman empire for the Middle East
Authors:   Kamianets-Podilskyi Ivan Ohiienko National University, Hazin Volodymyr , Oliinyk Serhiy ,   Kamianets-Podilskyi Ivan Ohiienko National University
Published: May 2024

The purpose of the study is to determine the role and place of T. E. Lawrence in the British-Turkish struggle and relations between Great Britain and the Arab peoples during the First World War, based on scientific works and sources. The research methodology is based on the principles of historicism, objectivity, comprehensiveness, integrity and systematicity. Among the applied general scientific methods are the methods of analysis and synthesis, and among the special-historical ones - the problem-chronological method. The scientific novelty of the research lies in the fact that this problem is highlighted in domestic historiography for the first time. Conclusions. Thomas Edward Lawrence, one of the best British orientalists of the early 20th century, played an important role in London's struggle against the Ottoman Empire in the Middle East and in building British-Arab relations. At the beginning of the First World War, as a result of repeated and long expeditions and travels in the Middle East and Egypt, he knew well the behavior and mentality of the Arabs, the Arabic language, had rich experience of communicating with the local population, which made him a valuable specialist for the British intelligence in the Middle East. During the war, Lawrence's work with the Arabs produced important results for British success both on the battlefield and in the preparation and support of the Arab Revolt. Thus, Lawrence found an effective tactic of using Arab units to disrupt the logistics and supply of the Ottoman Empire's troops. Lawrence managed to avoid direct clashes between Turkish and Arab units and at the same time inflict serious losses on the enemy, most of all – losses of material resources. The results of T. E. Lawrence's activities were reflected both on the map of the fronts and, finally, on the borders of the states that emerged after the fall of the Ottoman Empire.
Mykola Lysenko in the intellectua communications of the Shevchenko Scientific society
Authors:   Oles Honchar Dnipro National University, Mishchanchuk Natalia
Published: May 2024

The article reflects the cooperation of the outstanding Ukrainian composer M. Lysenko with the Shevchenko Scientific Society (SSS) in Lviv. The study aims is to try to determine the nature and essence of the composer’s intellectual communications within an academic institution. The research methodology built on the principles of historicism, system and comprehensiveness. Comparative, problem-chronological, historical-typological, logical, structural-systemic, analytical and generalizing methods used. The scientific novelty of the article consists in the integral reproduction of the page of M. Lysenko’s intellectual biography, connected with his musicological activity as part of the Ethnographic Commission of the Shevchenko Scientific Society. Conclusions. An important aspect of the composer's intellectual biography was his collaboration with the National Academy of Music in Lviv (1873 – 1912). The communication, based on the commonality of scientific research interests and worldviews, maintained an ideological connection with the interpersonal connections of M. Lysenko within the framework of the predecessor of the academic institution – the Shevchenko Literary Society. The intensity and dynamism of scientific interaction was strengthened by the negative manifestations of the cultural and national policy of the Russian tsar, censorship restrictions of Ukrainian life in Trans-Dnieper Ukraine in the second half of the 19 th and early 20 th centuries. The meaningful content of the composer's cooperation with the National Academy of Music was his activity as part of the Society's Ethnographic Commission, publishing and organizational contacts, direct participation in information practices, scientific, cultural, educational projects of the institution. M. Lysenko participated in writing textbooks for Ukrainian schools in Galicia, reviewing the works of young composers, organizing ethnographic field research, anniversary and commemorative events. The significant role of the educational activity of the artist in the formation of a positive cultural image of Ukraine at the international level.
The Hetman coup of april 29, 1918: which political forces and Parties did it?
Authors:   National University of Life and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine, Liubovets Olena
Published: May 2024

The purpose of the research is to find out which political forces and parties took part in the preparation, organization, and implementation of the Hetman coup on April 29, 1918, to establish the degree of participation in this process by the Ukrainian People's Community (UPC), the Union of Land Owners and the Ukrainian Democratic Agrarian Party (UDAP). The research methodology is based on general theoretical principles of historical knowledge (historicism, objectivity, alternative) and special historical principles (historical-genetic, historical-comparative, historical-typological, problem-chronological, etc.). The scientific novelty lies in an attempt to determine the level of participation of various political forces and parties in preparing and implementing the Hetman coup of April 29, 1918, in particular, to rethink the role of the UDAP. Conclusions. The analysis of the source base shows that the Ukrainian People's Community played the leading role in the preparation and implementation of the Hetman coup, whose members carried out all the necessary organizational and preparatory measures, including military support. The proclamation of the Hetman took place at the All-Ukrainian Agrarian Congress, the convocation of which was prepared and organized by the Union of Landowners. The UDAP did not take a direct part in the Hetman's coup. The presence of rank-and-file members of the UDAP at the meeting of the agrarian congress at the time of P. Skoropadskyi's proclamation as hetman, as well as the overwhelming support of the new government from the majority of party branches, caused the spread of the opinion in the historical literature about the party's involvement in the organization of the coup.
The development of higher education in Kyiv during the times of the Ukrainian State
Authors:   Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Chutkyi Аndrii
Published: May 2024

The purpose of the work is to study and actualize an important, but little-researched aspect of the Ukrainian revolution of 1917-1921 – the development of higher education during the Hetmanate of Pavlo Skoropadskyi. Considering the concentration of higher education institutions in Kyiv at that time, this study is based on the analysis and reconstruction of the development of old and the establishment of new universities in Kyiv during the time of the Ukrainian State. The research methodology is based on the approaches that will give the greatest productivity and have practical significance for today. They include both the general scientific (analysis, deduction, induction, logical, synthesis, etc.) and the special scientific (historical-typological, comparative-historical, problem-chronological, synchronization, etc.) methods. The principles of the research lie in the observance of scientific ethics, maximum objectivity, and scientificity with a popular science approach in presenting the results so that they are understandable to a wide listening audience, taking into account the relevance for these days. The scientific novelty is attributable to the focus on that aspect of the Hetmanate period that has not been thoroughly studied and, at the same time, allows us to give a lot for the present to ensure the further sustainable development of Ukraine as an independent and successful state – in the field of higher education. Information about the higher education institutions that were established or operated in Kyiv under the Hetmanate is presented. Conclusions. Considerable attention of Hetman's government to the development of higher education in Ukraine, particularly the establishment of new institutions of higher education – not only reforming but also powerful financing of higher education – is paid. The thought-out Ukrainization of higher education is confirmed. Also, there is no pressure on higher education institutions and respect for their autonomy. The development of higher education for national minorities was also ensured. All this has important practical significance for modern Ukraine.
DEVELOPMENT AND IMPLEMENTATION OF A COMPANY MODERNIZATION PROJECT (CASE OF THE «KERNEL» COMPANY)
Authors:   Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Magomedova Аlina , Kinakh Anhelina ,   «PwC» Ukraine
Published: May 2024

Crucial logistical and export challenges, faced by agricultural producers in Ukraine, are described. Drawing on data from the Kernel company, one of the leading players in the agribusiness sector, internal strategies to overcome export barriers are analyzed. Crucial sources of financial resources mobilized by the company are identified. Additionally, an analysis of the company’s transportation assets is conducted. Furthermore, an investment project for the modernization of key assets, specifically railway transportation, is outlined. This involves collaboration with European countries, whereby Ukrainian grain delivery costs to European ports are offset. The economic feasibility of the project is substantiated through the discounted cash flow method.
ANALYSIS AND ASSESSMENT OF THE REGION'S BUSINESS POTENTIAL
Authors:   Lutsk National Technical University, Kovalskyi Oleksandr
Published: May 2024

The article analyzes and evaluates the entrepreneurial potential of the region. Structural components of the entrepreneurial potential of the region were analyzed: financial potential, production potential, innovation potential, infrastructure potential, labor potential. The integral index of the entrepreneurial potential of the region was calculated. Regions were grouped according to the level of entrepreneurial potential in the pre-war period. Two groups of regions are distinguished by the level of entrepreneurial potential: regions with a low level of entrepreneurial potential and regions with a high level of entrepreneurial potential. An estimate of the gross regional product per person in the pre-war period was made. A comparison of the levels of entrepreneurial potential of the regions and the level of GRP in the pre-war period was carried out. The results of the grouping showed that the values of high levels of entrepreneurial potential and gross regional product are correlated only in the city of Kyiv. The rest of the results of the analysis show the ineffectiveness of using the entrepreneurial potential of the regions of the state. The reasons for ineffective use of the entrepreneurial potential of the regions of the state are outlined, including: low level of attracting funds for innovative activities; lack of incentives to increase the innovative activity of business entities; low level of production of innovative products; lack of incentives to create new jobs; low level of remuneration of enterprise personnel; migration outflow of qualified labor force abroad; insufficient level of utilization of regional production capacities; a drop in production volumes of industrial, construction and agricultural products; low level of development of infrastructural support for the development of entrepreneurial potential; low level of efficiency of using the infrastructure potential of the region; low amount of investment income; low level of investment attractiveness of the territories of the state as a result of military operations
THE DEVELOPMENT OF INDUSTRY 4.0 AND ITS IMPACT ON THE ECONOMIC SECURITY OF COUNTRIES
Authors:   Vasyl’ Stus Donetsk National University, Savchenko Marina , Nosaliuk Nazar ,   Vasyl’ Stus Donetsk National University
Published: May 2024

The digital paradigm of the global economy is being built based on the study of current Industry 4.0 trends. The formation of the digital economy in the relevant areas means the recognition of a certain dependence of the future development of the country and its economic security on the degree of its mastering of innovations and digital technologies.The purpose of the study is to analyze trends in the development of Industry 4.0 on an international scale and establish its impact on the economic security of countries. To solve the set goal, a theoretical research concept of concepts related to Industry 4.0 was formed during the research; the stimulators and destimulators of the transition of the studied countries to the concept of Industry 4.0 are singled out; a SWOT analysis of the implementation and development of Industry 4.0 was carried out and the world trends of the implementation and development of Industry 4.0 were determined. The authors researched scientific publications highlighting concepts related to the definition of Industry 4.0, such as: mass customization, servitization, Logistics 4.0, new systems in the development of products and services, knowledge management, smart product, adaptation to human needs, circular economy, lean production , Recycling 4.0, systems science, flexible manufacturing, smart factory and digital transformation. The experience of the implementation of Industry 4.0 measures in the EU member states is positive, the analysis of which confirms the following stimulators, the emphasis on which is quite appropriate when implementing initiatives in Ukraine: the involvement of industry, cooperation between various participants, the involvement of regional authorities and state funding. The authors carried out a SWOT analysis, which made it possible to determine the strengths and weaknesses, opportunities and threats of economic development in the context of the implementation of Industry 4.0. An analysis of the dynamics of the spread of the Internet among the population in comparison with the size of the population was carried out. An analysis of the number of investments in the development of new Industry 4.0 technologies was carried out. The key features and advantages of economic development in the conditions of Industry 4.0 are revealed. Automation, digital technology and their implementation in all spheres of the enterprise are highlighted Therefore, the activation of the use of the opportunities of Industry 4.0 by the countries of the world to apply the achievements of scientific and technological progress and obtain additional benefits from the implementation of strategies for the digital development of the country's economy. Industry 4.0 requires companies and countries to actively develop flexibility, innovation and innovative thinking in order to always be competitive in the market.
МЕХАНІЗМИ ДЕРЖАВНОГО СТИМУЛЮВАННЯ ДЕРЖАВНО-ПРИВАТНОГО ПАРТНЕРСТВА ЩОДО ВПРОВАДЖЕННЯ БЕЗВІДХОДНИХ ТЕХНОЛОГІЙ ДЛЯ ВИРОБНИЦТВА БІОПАЛИВ В УКРАЇНІ
Authors: Вовк Валерія
Published: May 2024

Статтю присвячено актуальним питанням державного стимулювання розвитку державно-приватного партнерства (далі – ДПП) у сфері впровадження безвідходних технологій для виробництва біопалив на переробних та сільськогосподарських підприємствах Вінницької області та України. Досліджено теоретичні основи здійснення ДПП, визначено його переваги для держави та бізнесу. Проаналізовано кількість договорів, укладених на умовах ДПП, які реалізуються, а також розподіл угод ДПП за секторами станом на 01.01.2024 р. Виокремлено основні принципи здійснення ДПП для реалізації проєктів в сфері енергоефективності та безвідходного виробництва. Розроблено механізм здійснення ДПП у сфері впровадження безвідходних технологій для виробництва біопалив в Україні, а також Систематизовано чинники, які необхідні для забезпечення успішної реалізації цих проєктів. Запопоновано механізми державного стимулювання розвитку ДПП у сфері впровадження безвідходних технологій для виробництва біопалив.
АДАПТАЦІЯ БІЗНЕС-СТРАТЕГІЇ ПІДПРИЄМСТВА ДО УМОВ ВОЄННОГО КОНФЛІКТУ
Authors: Білоус Світлана , Бривус Аліна
Published: May 2024

Ця стаття присвячена дослідженню можливих варіантів адаптації бізнес-стратегії підприємства до умов воєнного конфлікту. Розглянуто важливі аспекти, такі як зміни в економічному середовищі, ризики для безпеки, перепони для нормального функціонування та розвитку, стратегічне планування та варіанти адаптації під надзвичайні ситуації. Визначено потенційні наслідки для фінансової стабільності підприємств, логістики, кадрового потенціалу та маркетингових стратегій в умовах воєнного конфлікту. Доведено, що навіть умовах воєнного конфлікту підприємства мають змогу пристосуватись та досягати успіху. Обґрунтовані можливості та найбільш перспективні варіанти реорганізації діяльності , що можна розглядати для реалізації в таких складних умовах.
УПРАВЛІННЯ МАТЕРІАЛЬНИМИ РЕСУРСАМИ ЯК ПІДПРОЄКТ ПРОЄКТУ РОЗВИТКУ СУДНОПЛАВНОЇ КОМПАНІЇ
Authors: Главатських Вікторія
Published: May 2024

Стаття присвячена управління матеріальними ресурсами як підпроєкту розвитку судноплавної компанії. Було досліджено та узагальнено особливості підпроєкту ресурсного забезпечення будь-якого прикладного спрямування. Виділено три категорії матеріально-технічних ресурсів, сутність використання яких диференціює в залежності від характеру їх участі в проєкті на протязі всього життєвого циклу та їх майбутнє виведення з проєкту в залежності від категорії до якої належить ресурс. Ресурсна база є обʼєднуючою для всіх галузей знань і багато в чому визначає характер прийнятих рішень в управлінні конкретним проєктом. Кожна з дій, необхідних для досягнення цілей підпроєкту, відноситься до певної групи процесів управління проєктами, але на наш погляд, склад визначених процесів має бути доповнений, що і було запропоновано в даному дослідженні.
ПУБЛІЧНІ ЗАКУПІВЛІ У ДІЯЛЬНОСТІ ДЕРЖАВНОЇ МИТНОЇ СЛУЖБИ УКРАЇНИ
Authors: Заяц Ольга , Бойко Альона , Бойко Марія
Published: May 2024

Діяльність Державної митної служби України перебуває під постійною публічною увагою через її важливість у контексті забезпечення митної безпеки України. Актуальною є проблематика ефективного та результативного управління фінансуванням Державної митної служби України, в тому числі із застосуванням публічних закупівель. Метою статті є дослідження особливостей здійснення публічних закупівель Державною митною службою України шляхом застосування різних аналітичних підходів. За даними системи публічних закупівель ProZorro визначено основні характеристики тендерів за участю Державної митної служби України: переважання частки завершених тендерів проти відмінених торгів та торгів, що не відбулися, комунальні послуги та послуги з обслуговування майнового комплексу є абсолютними лідерами серед усіх товарів/послуг, що закуповувалися Державною митною службою України, підвищення результативності публічних закупівель та збільшення частки тендерів, за реультатами яких понижено ціни під час електронних аукціонів.
ВИКОРИСТАННЯ ЦИФРОВИХ ТЕХНОЛОГІЙ У ПІДПРИЄМНИЦЬКІЙ ДІЯЛЬНОСТІ
Authors: Вербівська Людмила , Буринська Оксана
Published: May 2024

У статті досліджено особливості використання цифрових технологій в підприємницькій діяльності в контексті забезпечення ринкової конкурентоспроможності суб’єктів господарювання та цифрової трансформації економічної системи. Визначено роль цифрових технологій у розвитку підприємницької сфери, а також їхній вплив на бізнес-процеси та стратегії управління. Розглянуто основні тенденції використання цифрових інструментів у сучасному бізнесі, зокрема в електронній комерції, маркетингу, фінансах та управлінні відносин з клієнтами. Визначено переваги та виклики, які виникають при впровадженні цифрових технологій у підприємницьку діяльність, а також запропоновано рекомендації щодо їхнього ефективного використання в сучасному бізнес-середовищі. Досліджено вплив цифрових технологій на розвиток інноваційних моделей бізнесу та формування нових можливостей для розвитку підприємництва. Доведено, що використання цифрових технологій вимагає не лише технічних знань, але й трансформації організаційної культури та управлінської структури підприємств.
CRITERIA FOR DETERMINING THE COMPETITIVENESS OF HOSPITALITY ESTABLISHMENTS
Authors: Кувіка Г.O.
Published: May 2024

Today, the tourism and hospitality industries are important social, economic, and cultural categories that serve as the basis for the development of economies in many countries. Ukraine is no exception. Although the full-scale invasion of Ukraine by the Russian Federation has left its mark on this sector of the economy, causing great losses, the situation has not changed globally and its development remains a priority today, especially in the context of Ukraine's vector towards European integration. This is what makes the chosen research topic relevant. Competition is a driving force for social and economic progress. In the current business environment in the market of hotel and tourist services, in order to maintain the competitiveness of a hospitality institution, it is necessary to implement a whole range of measures to form and consolidate competitive advantages. The competitiveness of a hospitality establishment must be sustainable not only in economic and environmental terms, but also in social, cultural and political terms. Thus, since the beginning of the full-scale invasion, a large number of hospitality businesses have suspended operations for security reasons, lack of demand, technical reasons, or as a result of damage or destruction from shelling. At the same time, despite the widespread understanding of the importance of defining it, there is no uniformity in the scientific literature in understanding the criteria by which it should be determined. In the article, the author makes an attempt to systematize the existing criteria for the competitiveness of hospitality establishments and identify those that are important for the development of hospitality establishments. Using such research methods as analysis, synthesis and the systematic method, the author has determined that such criteria should include the following indicators: pricing features, quality of services and amenities, online presence, human resources, effectiveness of marketing strategies used, and the ability to adapt and minimize risks. By analyzing the activities of the company and competitors in this niche, owners will be able to ensure a high level of competitiveness of their company.
ІНСТРУМЕНТИ ПІДВИЩЕННЯ ОПЕРАЦІЙНОЇ ЕФЕКТИВНОСТІ В КОНТЕКСТІ «BUSINESS PERFORMANCE MANAGEMENT»
Authors: Ровенська В.В. , Латишева О.В. , Смирнова І.І.
Published: May 2024

Дана стаття присвячена дослідженню сутності та особливостям впровадження інструментів управління ефективністю бізнес-діяльності на підставі аналізу сучасних тенденцій у сфері управління. В статті доведено, що актуальною проблемою для українських підприємств залишаються питання збільшення продуктивності праці, оптимізації ресурсів, поліпшення якості продукції, підвищення загальної результативності бізнесу, забезпечення конкурентної переваги на ринку. В статті надано рекомендації по відбору з існуючих альтернатив найбільш дієвих інструментів, які включають широкий спектр методів, технологій та підходів, що застосовуються для підвищення ефективності управління бізнес-процесами підприємства в контексті концепції «Business Performance Management». В статті проаналізовано можливості успішного розвитку підприємств завдяки впровадженню різних інструментів удосконалення бізнес-процесів, а саме інформаційних технологій (автоматизації процесів, аналітики та прогнозування даних, використання штучного інтелекту та ін.), інструментарію процесного управління (моделювання бізнес-процесів, Lean, Six Sigma, ERP - системи, Business Process Reengineering, системи якості тощо), проєктного менеджменту (в рамках Agile та Waterfall методологій). В статті виявляються як переваги застосування сучасного інструментарію підвищення операційної ефективності, так й бар’єри, пов'язані з впровадженням цих інструментів, а також надаються рекомендації щодо успішної інтеграції цих інструментів у бізнес-середовище. В статті доведено, що застосування інструментів управління ефективністю бізнес-діяльності в контексті концепції «Business Performance Management» дозволяє підприємствам покращити свою конкурентоспроможність, адаптуватися до змінного бізнес - середовища та ефективно використовувати свої ресурси для досягнення стратегічних цілей і успіху на ринку. Наукова новизна даної статті полягає в систематизації інструментарію підвищення операційної ефективності в контексті концепції Business Performance Management та визначенні найбільш дієвих з них для конкретних умов підприємства.
Evaluating video and hybrid group consultations in general practice: mixed-methods, participatory study protocol (TOGETHER 2)
Authors: Papoutsi Chrysanthi , Abel Gary , Iglesias Cynthia , van Dael Jackie , Reidy Claire , Faulkner Stuart D , Raynsford Helene , Siciliano Michele , Beltran Galindo Luis , Gc Vijay , Campbell John , Greenhalgh Trisha , Shaw Sara E
Published: May 2024

Background General practice is facing an unprecedented challenge in managing the consequences of the pandemic. In the midst of a policy drive to balance remote and in-person service provision, substantial workload pressures remain, together with increasing prevalence of long-term conditions, and declining staff numbers and morale. To address these challenges, some practices in the UK have been delivering video and hybrid group consultations (VHGCs). Despite positive initial findings and enthusiasm, there are still gaps in our understanding of the influence VHGCs have on patient experience, healthcare utilisation, quality, safety, equity and affordability. Objectives To generate an in-depth understanding of VHGCs for chronic conditions in general practice, surface assumptions and sociotechnical dynamics, inform practice and extend theorisation. Methods Mixed-methods, multi-site research study using co-design and participatory methods, from qualitative, quantitative and cost-related perspectives. WP1 includes a national, cross-sectional survey on VHGC provision across the UK. In WP2 we will engage patients and general practice staff in co-design workshops to develop VHGC models with emphasis on digital inclusion and equity. In WP3 we will carry out a mixed-methods process evaluation in up to 10 GP practices across England (5 sites already running VHGCs and 5 comparison sites). Qualitative methods will include interviews, focus groups and ethnographic observation to examine the experiences of patients, carers, clinical and non-clinical NHS staff, commissioners and policy-makers. Quantitative methods will examine the impact of VHGCs on healthcare utilisation in primary and secondary care, patient satisfaction, engagement and activation. We will also assess value for money of group and individual care models from a health economics perspective. Conclusions We aim to develop transferable learning on sociotechnical change in healthcare delivery, using VHGCs as an exemplar of technology-supported innovation. Findings will also inform the design of a future study.
Trò chơi hóa trong học tập: Nâng cao sự tương tác, sự hài lòng và cải thiện hiệu quả học tập của người học
Authors: Nguyễn Viết Bằng , Nguyễn Việt Bắc , Nguyễn Thị Phương Thảo , Nguyễn Văn Anh
Published: May 2024

Nghiên cứu này nhằm mục đích điều tra ảnh hưởng của việc áp dụng trò chơi hóa đối với sự tương tác của sinh viên, hiệu quả học tập và sự hài lòng trong giáo dục đại học, cũng như vai trò của động lực nội tại trong việc kết nối các yếu tố và sự tương tác. Dữ liệu được thu thập từ 255 học viên đại học và sau đại học tại Việt Nam. Kết quả cho thấy trong bối cảnh trò chơi hóa giáo dục, động lực nội tại được tạo ra bởi sự vui thú và sự thách thức, từ đấy nâng cao hiệu quả học tập, sự hài lòng và sự tương tác của học viên. Nghiên cứu này cung cấp cái nhìn quan trọng đối với các bên liên quan đến giáo dục đại học và khuyến khích các giảng viên và cơ sở giáo dục áp dụng các phương pháp giảng dạy sáng tạo để đáp ứng yêu cầu của học viên hiện nay.
Beyond fatalism: Gaia, entropy, and the autonomy of anthropogenic life on Earth
Authors: Merlo A , Barandiaran XE
Published: May 2024

The current disruption of ecosystems and climate systems can be likened to an increase in entropy within our planet. This concept is often linked to the second law of thermodynamics, which predicts a necessary rise in entropy resulting from all material and energy-related processes, including the intricate organisation of living systems. Consequently, discussions surrounding the ongoing crisis commonly carry an underlying sense of fatalism when referencing thermodynamic principles. In this study, we explore how the understanding of life has been harmonized with thermodynamics to show that entropy production is a consequence of heightened complexity in life rather than its breakdown. Furthermore, it is crucial to perform a thermodynamic analysis of the Earth system as a whole to dispel fatalistic assumptions. The extremum principles linked to thermodynamics do not foretell the precise evolution of complex organisations but rather set the thermodynamic boundaries associated with their development. Ultimately, treating the Earth system as an integrated autonomous entity in which life and human societies play pivotal roles is essential for charting a sustainable path forward for humanity. Understanding how to contribute to thermodynamic states that are more conducive to life, rather than hastening the journey towards chaotic states, is paramount for human survival and well-being in the Anthropocene era.
Optimization of Sole Production Scheduling
Authors: Moura Ana , Lopes Isabel Cristina , Matias João , Lopes Nuno , Enguiça Ricardo
Published: May 2024

This report addresses a challenge proposed at the 174th European Study Group in Industry to develop an algorithm to optimize processes on rubber soles manufacturing. The objective is to create an order distribution plan that maximizes efficiency, reduces setup times synchronizing molds changing, ensuring that delivery dates are met. This problem can be classified as a parallel machines scheduling problem with sequence dependent setup times. This work presents an heuristic that minimizes the makespan, accounting for the sequence dependent setup times, divided into two steps: (i) a client’s order will be partitioned into sets corresponding to the assigned slots; (ii) reorder the molds within each position of the press, so that setup times are simultaneous. We find solutions for real data, for cases with double and triple molds for a given size. Results show that synchronization of setup times due to heating and mold changes decrease significantly the makespan.
Restoration of Alouatta guariba populations: building a binational management strategy for the conservation of the endangered brown howler monkey of the Atlantic Forest
Authors: Oklander Luciana I. , Rheingantz Marcelo , Rossato Rafael S. , Peker Silvana , Hirano Zelinda M. B. , Monticelli Cauê , Dada Aline Naíssa , Di Nucci Dante L. , Oliveira Dilmar , de Melo Fabiano R. , Valença-Montenegro Mônica M. , Kowalewski Martin , Jerusalinsky Leandro
Published: May 2024

The brown howler monkey (Alouatta guariba) is endemic to the Atlantic Forest of eastern Brazil and northeastern Argentina, threatened by extinction due to habitat loss and fragmentation, and hunting. Its reduced and isolated populations dramatically decreased and suffered local extinctions after recent yellow fever outbreaks, recommending the species risk uplist from Vulnerable to Endangered. In Brazil, the species occurs along eight states in sparse populations, including some large protected areas, and is being uplisted to Endangered. Following the National Action Plan for Conservation of the Atlantic Forest Primates and the Maned-sloth, and applying the Guidelines for Reintroductions and other Conservation Translocations (IUCN/CTSG), the Ex Situ Guidelines (IUCN/CPSG) and the One Plan Approach (IUCN/CPSG), a workshop was held on August 2021 to evaluate the need, requisites and roles of an integrated Population Management Program for A. guariba. Such program was developed in June 2022 defining the objectives of (i) restore in situ populations from ex situ populations, prioritizing populations in higher risk to prevent local extinctions, and (ii) establish an ex situ insurance population. This in situ – ex situ integrated management program was approved by ICMBio in February 2023, with actions recommended for all states along the species distribution. In Argentina, the species is Critically Endangered, with a remaining population of 20-50 individuals. Following the National Plan for Primate Conservation in Argentina, in a process similar to that in Brazil, two workshops were held in 2022/2023 to evaluate and define management actions for the long-term recovery of A. guariba. The priorities indicated were (i) reintroduction in ten potential areas in Misiones – due to a lower risk when compared to reinforcement of remaining populations, and (ii) establishing an ex situ management program in Argentina – still non-existent. The progressive collaboration between the initiatives of both countries is promoting the exchange of experiences and the integration of strategies. Here we summarize the planning and management carried out in Brazil and Argentina, highlighting the need for integrated measures. We debate on the progress and challenges, proposing next steps for developing and implementing a binational population management program for the conservation of the brown howler monkey.
Effects of sacubitril/valsartan on the functional capacity of real-world patients in Italy: the REAL.IT study on heart failure with reduced ejection fraction
Authors: Sarullo Filippo Maria , Nugara Cinzia , Sarullo Silvia , Iacoviello Massimo , Di Gesaro Gabriele , Miani Daniela , Driussi Mauro , Correale Michele , Bilato Claudio , Passantino Andrea , Carluccio Erberto , Villani Alessandra , Degli Esposti Luca , D’Agostino Chiara , Peruzzi Elena , Poli Simone , Di Lenarda Andrea
Published: May 2024

Background

Heart failure (HF) significantly affects the morbidity, mortality, and quality of life of patients. New therapeutic strategies aim to improve the functional capacity and quality of life of patients while controlling HF-related risks. Real-world data on both the functional and cardiopulmonary exercise capacities of patients with HF with reduced ejection fraction upon sacubitril/valsartan use are lacking.

Methods

A multicenter, retrospective, cohort study, called REAL.IT, was performed based on the data collected from the electronic medical records of nine specialized HF centers in Italy. Cardiopulmonary exercise testing was performed at baseline and after 12 months of sacubitril/valsartan therapy, monitoring carbon dioxide production (VCO2) and oxygen consumption (VO2).

Results

The functional capacities of 170 patients were evaluated. The most common comorbidities were hypertension and diabetes (i.e., 53.5 and 32.4%, respectively). At follow-up, both the VO2 peak (from 15.1 ± 3.7 ml/kg/min at baseline to 17.6 ± 4.7 ml/kg/min at follow-up, p < 0.0001) and the predicted % VO2 peak (from 55.5 ± 14.1 to 65.5 ± 16.9, p < 0.0001) significantly increased from baseline. The VO2 at the anaerobic threshold (AT-VO2) increased from 11.5 ± 2.6 to 12.5 ± 3.3 ml/kg/min (p = 0.021), and the rate ratio between the oxygen uptake and the change in work (ΔVO2/Δwork slope) improved from 9.1 ± 1.5 to 9.9 ± 1.6 ml/min/W (p < 0.0001).

Conclusions

Sacubitril/valsartan improves the cardiopulmonary capacity of patients with HFrEF in daily clinical practice in Italy.
Remote sensing of mountain snow from space: status and recommendations
Authors: Gascoin Simon , Luojus Kari , Nagler Thomas , Lievens Hans , Masiokas Mariano , Jonas Tobias , Zheng Zhaojun , De Rosnay Patricia
Published: May 2024

The spatial and temporal variation of the seasonal snowpack in mountain regions is recognized as a clear knowledge gap for climate, ecology and water resources applications. Here, we identify three salient topics where recent developments in snow remote sensing and data assimilation can lead to significant progress: snow water equivalent, high resolution snow-covered area and long term snow cover observations including snow albedo. These topics can be addressed in the near future with institutional support.
“Imagine, maths is used anywhere, and we don’t get to know this”—upper secondary students and the relevance of advanced mathematics
Authors: Vos Pauline , Wiik Anders , Hernandez-Martinez Paul
Published: May 2024

People are more motivated to put effort into learning when they know they will be able to put the learnt content to use. Theserelevance perceptionsplay a motivating role in the learning of mathematics, a subject renowned for its abstraction, hard examinations, and usefulness in many fields in society (research, industries, etc.). In this article, we describe a study on upper secondary students in an advanced mathematics course and their perception of the relevance of mathematics in future professions, in particular regarding two concepts in their curriculum (logarithms, trigonometry). We defined relevance as a connection between an object (relevance of what?), a subject (relevant for whom?), an asserter (relevant according to whom?), and a purpose (relevant to what end?). The aim of the study was to know (1) what relevance perceptions students held regarding the advanced abstract mathematical concepts, and (2) how students can develop these considering that students do not yet know exactly what future is ahead of them. We interviewed pairs of students (n = 14, 17–19 years old) in two parts. The first part of the interview revealed that students learned mathematics within a traditional school culture that emphasized practice-and-drill of pure mathematics and that did not in any way inform students about the use of mathematics in research and workplaces. After exposing students to authentic applications of logarithms and trigonometry, the second part of the interview showed the power ofimaginationwhen it connected students to future professions for which mathematics was relevant. Instrumental in effectively prompting students’ imagination werevisualizationsshowing applications of the mathematical concepts within workplace contexts. Drawing on Leont’ev’s version of Activity Theory, we theorize students’ assertions of the relevance of mathematics through the dialectics of self and collective (relating one’s own goals and more general motives), the dialectics of use-value and exchange-value (needing mathematics for later life or for examinations), and the dialectics of mathematization and de-mathematization (while mathematics is used in many workplaces, it is hidden in instruments).
The L-shape relationship between hemoglobin, albumin, lymphocyte, platelet score and the risk of diabetic retinopathy in the US population
Authors: Ding Ranran , Zeng Yusong , Wei Zhimei , He Zitong , Jiang Zhixin , Yu Jinguo , You Caiyun
Published: May 2024

Background

The primary aim of this study was to investigate the correlation between diabetic retinopathy (DR) and the HALP score (hemoglobin, albumin, lymphocyte, and platelet) in individuals with diabetes within the United States population.

Methods

This cross-sectional investigation was based on the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) database from 2003-2018. The following module calculated the HALP score: HALP score = [lymphocytes (/L) × hemoglobin (g/L) × albumin (g/L)]/platelets (/L). By performing the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis, the optimal cutoff value of HALP was ascertained. Restricted cubic splines (RCS), multivariable logistic regression analysis, sensitivity analysis, and subgroup analysis were conducted to evaluate the effect of the HALP score on DR patients. Finally, the decision curve analysis (DCA) and clinical impact curve (CIC) were conducted to estimate the predictive power and clinical utility of the HALP score with clinical indicators.

Results

According to the cutoff value (42.9) determined by the ROC curve, the participants were stratified into a lower HALP group (HALPlow) and a higher HALP group (HALPhigh). An L-shaped relationship between HALP score and DR risk was presented in the RCS model (P for nonlinearity <0.001). The DR risk sharply decreased with the increase of HALP, and the decline reached a plateau when HALP was more than 42.9. After fully adjustment, the multivariate logistic regression analysis found that HALPlow was an independent risk factor for DR (OR = 1.363, 95% CI: 1.111-1.671, P < 0.001). Besides, sensitivity analysis showed consistent results. Furthermore, the combination of HALP score and clinical indicators demonstrated predictive power and clinical utility, as shown by the ROC curve, DCA, and CIC.

Conclusion

The HALP score has an L-shaped correlation with the risk of DR, and thus, the HALP score may contribute to the timely intervention of diabetes patients.
Causal association of circulating metabolites with diabetic retinopathy: a bidirectional Mendelian randomization analysis
Authors: Li Bo , Zhao Xu , Xie Wanrun , Hong Zhenzhen , Cao Ye , Ding Yan , Zhang Yi
Published: May 2024

Introduction

The retina is a highly metabolically active tissue, and there is a lack of clarity about the relationship between metabolites and diabetic retinopathy (DR). This study used two-sample bidirectional Mendelian randomization (MR) analyses to identify causal relationships between metabolites and DR.

Methods

Genetic variants were selected from the open-access Genome-Wide Association Studies (GWAS) summary database as proxies for the 1400 most recently published metabolites. MR analysis was performed to examine associations between these metabolite traits and DR. Single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) data that were significantly associated with exposure were screened through association analysis. Validated instrumental variables (IVs) were obtained by removing SNPs with linkage disequilibrium (LD) and F-statistic values below 10. MR analyses were performed using the inverse variance weighted (IVW) method as the primary approach. The robustness of the results was verified by sensitivity analyses, including assessments of heterogeneity, horizontal pleiotropy, and the leave-one-out method.

Results

In the IVW approach and in the primary analysis of several sensitivity analyses, genetically determined glycolithocholate sulfate levels, androstenediol (3 beta, 17 beta) monosulfate (1) levels, 1-stearoyl-2-arachidonoyl-GPE (18:0/20:4) levels, 1-oleoyl-2-arachidonoyl-GPE (18:1/20:4) levels, 1-oleoyl-2-linoleoyl-GPE (18:1/18:2) levels, X-26109 levels, N6-methyllysine levels, (N6,N6-dimethyllysine levels), and (N2-acetyl,N6,N6-dimethyllysine levels) were negatively associated with the risk of DR. 5-hydroxymethyl-2-furoylcarnitine levels and the glutamate-to-alanine ratio were positively associated with the risk of DR. No reverse causal association was found between DR and metabolites.

Discussion

This MR study suggests that nine metabolites may have a protective effect in DR, while two metabolites may be associated with an increased risk of DR. However, further research is needed to confirm these findings. Supplementation with beneficial metabolites may reduce DR risk and could potentially be a novel therapeutic approach to DR treatment.
Bridging metabolic syndrome and cognitive dysfunction: role of astrocytes
Authors: Li Zihan , Jiang Ya-yi , Long Caiyi , Peng Xi , Tao Jiajing , Pu Yueheng , Yue Rensong
Published: May 2024

Metabolic syndrome (MetS) and cognitive dysfunction pose significant challenges to global health and the economy. Systemic inflammation, endocrine disruption, and autoregulatory impairment drive neurodegeneration and microcirculatory damage in MetS. Due to their unique anatomy and function, astrocytes sense and integrate multiple metabolic signals, including peripheral endocrine hormones and nutrients. Astrocytes and synapses engage in a complex dialogue of energetic and immunological interactions. Astrocytes act as a bridge between MetS and cognitive dysfunction, undergoing diverse activation in response to metabolic dysfunction. This article summarizes the alterations in astrocyte phenotypic characteristics across multiple pathological factors in MetS. It also discusses the clinical value of astrocytes as a critical pathologic diagnostic marker and potential therapeutic target for MetS-associated cognitive dysfunction.
Integrated time-series biochemical, transcriptomic, and metabolomic analyses reveal key metabolites and signaling pathways in the liver of the Chinese soft-shelled turtle (Pelodiscus sinensis) against Aeromonas hydrophila infection
Authors: Ji Liqin , Chen Chen , Zhu Junxian , Hong Xiaoyou , Liu Xiaoli , Wei Chengqing , Zhu Xinping , Li Wei
Published: May 2024

Introduction

Aeromonas hydrophila, a bacterium widely distributed in the natural environment, causes multiple diseases in various animals. Exploring the mechanism of the host defense against A. hydrophila can help develop efficient strategies against Aeromonas infection.

Methods

Herein, we investigated the temporal influence of A. hydrophila on the Chinese soft-shelled turtle, an economically important species, at the biochemical, transcriptomic, and metabolomic levels. Plasma parameters were detected with the test kits. Transcriptome and metabolome were respectively applied to screen the differentially expressed genes and metabolites.

Results

The contents or activities of these plasma parameters were significantly increased at 24 hpi and declined at 96 hpi, indicating that 24 and 96 hpi were two important time points during infection. Totals of 3121 and 274 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) from the transcriptome while 74 and 91 differentially abundant metabolites (DAMs) from the metabolome were detected at 24 and 96 hpi. The top DEGs at 24 hpi included Ccl2, Ccl3, Ccl4, Il1β, Il6, Il7, Il15, Tnf, and Tnfr1 while Zap70, Cd3g, Cd8a, Itk, Pik3r3, Cd247, Malt1, and Cd4 were the most abundant at 96 hpi. The predominant DAMs included O-phospho-L-serine, γ-Aminobutyric acid, orotate, L-tyrosine, and L-tryptophan at 24 hpi, as well as L-glutamic acid, L-arginine, glutathione, glutathione disulfide, and citric acid at 96 hpi.

Discussion

The combined analysis of DEGs and DAMs revealed that tryptophan metabolism, nicotinate and nicotinamide metabolism, as well as starch and sucrose metabolism, were the most important signaling pathways at the early infective stage while tyrosine metabolism, pyrimidine metabolism, as well as alanine, aspartate and glutamate metabolism were the most crucial pathways at the later stage. In general, our results indicated that the Chinese soft-shelled turtle displays stage-specific physiological responses to resist A. hydrophila infection.