bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Metasystems Learning Design Theory: Educational Management, administration and leadership
Authors: Railean Elena
Published: March 2022

Educational management
has benefited significantly from general systems theory. However, the
foundation for educational management, namely the classical management theory, has
largely relied on principles put forward more
than 70 years ago. Recent societal
challenges and diversification of learning environments have highlighted the
need for a new learning design theory, which highlight the importance of
leadership. This article describes the issues in educational management from
the perspective of Metasystems Learning Design Theory. It defines data-driven
educational management and provides two hypotheses, namely that educational
management is a meta-science and that the educational management theory has
been evolving since the first industrial revolution onward to data-driven leadership.
These hypotheses tie together concepts from philosophy, pedagogy, psychology,
cybernetics, and management to prove the emergence of novel concepts: metadata,
metacybernetics, and metapsychology. Conclusions underscore that data-driven
leadership allows anticipate and respond to global challenges and green preferences
of life-long learners. The implications are that future studies should apply data
to inform instructional design of learner-centered systems & environments
Highеr Еducation Lеvеls Arе Associatеd with Bеttеr Birth Outcomе in Nеpal
Authors: Le Kien , Nguyеn My
Published: March 2022

Abstract: Thе purposе of this study is to sее if Nеpalеsе mothеrs with grеatеr lеvеls of еducation producе hеalthiеr infants (N=19,800). According to thе findings, Nеpalеsе mothеrs with a highеr еducational lеvеl had hеalthiеr infants than Nеpalеsе mothеrs with a lowеr еducational lеvеl. In tеrms of statistics, onе additional еducation yеar in Nеpal is linkеd to a 8.1246 gram risе in Nеpalеsе birth wеight and a 0.68 pеrcеntagе point rеduction in Nеpalеsе low birth wеight risk.
Tiếp cận lý thuyết tỷ giá kép
Authors: Hoàng Vương Quân , Chí Ngô Phương
Published: March 2022

Bài nghiên cứu về sự tồn tại của hệ thống tỷ giá kép (còn gọi là hệ thống tỷ giá trợ giúp các giao dịch ngoại hối song song) và khả năng nó đã đóng vai trò "bộ đệm" giảm chấn cho cú sốc tiền tệ đối với nền kinh tế Việt Nam trong thời kỳ khủng khoảng tài chính-tiền tệ Châu Á, 1997-1998.
Agama dan Perubahan Sosial
Authors: Qosim Nanang
Published: March 2022

Pada dasarnya manusia memerlukan suatu bentuk kepercayaan, baik berupa agama maupun keyakinan terhadap dewa-dewa. Pada zaman modern sekarang ini banyak manusia yang tidak menginginkan kehadiran agama pada diri mereka. Bahkan mengingkarinya dengan mengatakan “God is death”. Seorang atheis naturalist ketika ditanya tentang Tuhan, ’’Apakah Anda percaya tentang Tuhan?”. Dia menjawab, ’’Tidak. Tapi, saya melihatnya di mana-mana.” Ini merefleksikan bahwa manusia pada zaman modern lebih percaya suatu yang realistis dan instan.
CONTRACTUAL NEGOTIATION BETWEEN PETROVIETNAM GAS AND SOLAR TURBINES INTERNATIONAL COMPANY
Authors: Mai Nhat Chi
Published: March 2022

Cultural dimensions constitute the broadest influence on the international business. The international business representatives from different countries when preparing for a business Partnership or the transactions often are analyzing traditions, differences, and properties of other countries. Businesses in order to facilitate business process are trying to adjust to the peculiarities of the other party. In order to achieve this can be analyzed cultural dimensions which can convey the essential incompatibilities between the parties. Analyzing incompatibilities between different cultures there can be used the analysis of Hofstede's cultural dimensions. This can be very useful in the design of international business negotiation processes because it can convey the differences between the different cultural dimensions among the negotiating parties.
LATAR BELAKANG SEJARAH DAN TIMBULNYA GERAKAN KOPERASI DUNIA
Authors: Halim Ismail
Published: March 2022

Koperasi sudah lama dikenal masyarakat Indonesia. Entitas yang menjalankan prinsip kekerabatan ini juga telah berbuat banyak untuk meningkatkan ekonomi dan pembangunan nasional masyarakat. Koperasi adalah badan hukum yang berdasarkan asas kekeluargaan, dan anggotanya terdiri dari orang perseorangan atau badan hukum dengan tujuan memajukan anggotanya. Pada umumnya koperasi diurus bersama oleh semua anggota, dan setiap anggota mempunyai hak suara yang sama dalam segala keputusan yang dibuat oleh koperasi. Bagi hasil koperasi biasanya disebut sebagai sisa laba operasi atau SHU dan biasanya dihitung berdasarkan stok. Dalam konteks sejarah, kita mengakui bahwa ada dua sistem ekonomi. Yang paling ekstrem adalah kapitalisme dan sosialisme. Dalam pengembangan berikutnya adalah ekonomi campuran yang mencoba menggabungkan dua sistem ekstrim. Sejarah koperasi Tidak dapat dipisahkan dari hubungannya dengan perkembangan sosialisme. Koperasi menjadi makmur pada awal abad ke-19 sebagai hasil dari upaya sukarela orang-orang dengan kemampuan ekonomi terbatas dan sebagai akibat dari kesulitan sosial-ekonomi yang disebabkan oleh sistem kapitalis. Kemudian mereka bersatu untuk membantu diri mereka sendiri dan berpartisipasi dalam pembangunan kesejahteraan di masyarakat sekitar. Adapun jenis-jenis koperasi di Indonesia ialah, Koperasi Konsumen, Koperasi Produsen, Koperasi Jasa, Koperasi Simpan Pinjam, dan Koperasi Serba Usaha.
Sejarah Gerakan Koperasi di Dunia dan di Indonesia
Authors: Jannah Miftahul
Published: March 2022

Koperasi adalah sebuah organisasi Kerjasama antar anggota yang bertujuan untuk meningkatkan kesejahteraan bagi para anggotanya. Koperasi pada awalnya terbentuk karena adanya ketidakadilan dalam pelaksanaan sistem ekonomi. Pada pertengahan abad ke-18 kemajuan teknologi dan penetahuan telah mengubah wajah dunia. Berbagai penemuan di bidang teknologi telah mengubah wajah ekonomi yang baru. Tatanan dunia ekonomi menjadi terpusat pada keuntungan perseorangan, yaitu kaum pemilik modal dimana mereka memanfaatkan penemuan baru tersebut dengan sebaik-baiknya untuk memperkaya dirinya dan memperkuat kedudukan ekonominya. Hasrat serakah ini melahirkan persaingan bebas yang tidak terbatas. Akibat hal tersebut, beberapa orang yang penghidupannya sederhana dengan kemampuan ekonomi terbatas, terdorong untuk mempersetaukan diri dan menolong dirinya sendiri serta manusia laun dengan cara mendirikan koperasi.
Perempuan dan Kesehatan Keluarga
Authors: Qosim Nanang
Published: March 2022

Bagi keluarga, perempuan memiliki peran besar dalam mengajarkan nilai-nilai kebersihan dan hidup sehat di rumah. Hal ini lebih banyak didukung sifat alamiah perempuan yang lemah lembut, welas asih, dan amat dekat dengan anaknya. Kita sering menjumpai di mana anak lebih menuruti perintah ibu ketimbang ayah mereka. Kepatuhan anak kepada ibu adalah murni, tulus, dan apa adanya. Sementara kepatuhan anak terhadap sang ayah, lebih banyak dipengaruhi faktor ketakutan akan sanksi hukuman.Perempuan yang sehat berpotensi merawat bayi yang lebih sehat diban¬dingkan mereka yang terganggu kesehatannya. Bahkan, mereka akan ber¬kontribusi nyata pada masyarakatnya, minimal menjadi kader kesehat¬an di lingkungannya. Pendek kata, jika wanita sehat maka masyarakatpun juga akan sehat, termasuk bangsanya
Social work and a Community-based Rehabilitation Program for People with Disabilities in Vietnam
Authors: Mai Nhat Chi
Published: March 2022

The research examined community based rehabilitation (CBR) as a means to enhance social and economic support for people with disability in a commune in Viet Nam. Mixed methods were used to collect information from people with disability, their families, CBR workers and policy makers. The research suggests that basic social work knowledge and skills could be integrated into training for the CBR core team to enable socio-economic support and mobilise resources in the community.
Sejarah Koperasi Dunia dan Koperasi Syariah di Indonesia
Authors: Alimin Fahira
Published: March 2022

Industri keuangan syariah dalam bingkai lembaga keuangan syariah dalam perekonomian suatu negara memegang peranan yang sangatpenting, salah satunya membantu para pelaku usaha dalam menjalankan, memperluas, dan mengembangkan kegiatan usahanya melalui pemberian pembiayaan. Di tengah kemajuan perkembangan ekonomi syariah di Indonesia, berbagai perbankan syariah berlomba-lomba melakukan kegiatan pemberian pembiayaan kepada para pelaku usaha mikro, kecil, dan menengah. Lembaga keuangan mikro seperti koperasi, terutama koperasi syariah tidak luputdalam memberikan pembiayaan melalui pemberian pembiayaan kepada para anggota koperasi.
KOPERASI SYARIAH DAN UMKM
Authors: NURBAITI
Published: March 2022

Koperasi adalah lembaga ekonomi rakyat yang beranggotakan orang atau badan hukum koperasi yang berwatak sosial dan merupakan tata susunan ekonomi sebagai usaha bersama berdasar alas kekeluargaan. Hal ini tercantum dalam UU No.3 tahun 1992, Koperasi merupakan perwujudan perekonomian rakyat yang berasaskan kekeluargan, sedang asas kekeluargaan sesuai dengan jiwa dan kepribadian bangsa Indonesia. Dengan sendirinya koperasi merupakan perekonomian bangsa Indonesia yang utama dan sebagai soko guru perekonomian nasional.
SEJARAH KOPERASI DI INDONESIA
Authors: Asniar
Published: March 2022

Koperasi, baik sebagai gerakan ekonomi rakyat maupun sebagai badan usaha berperan serta untuk mewujudkan masyarakat yang maju, adil dan makmur berlandaskan Pancasila dan Undang-Undang Dasar 1945 dalam tata perekonomian nasional yang disusun sebagai usaha bersama berdasar atas asas kekeluargaan dan demokrasi ekonomi; bahwa Koperasi perlu lebih membangun dirinya dan dibangun menjadi kuat dan mandiri berdasarkan prinsip Koperasi sehingga mampu berperan sebagai sokoguru perekonomian nasional. Pemberdayaan Usaha Mikro, Kecil, dan Menengah (UMKM), perlu diselenggarakan secara menyeluruh, optimal, dan berkesinambungan melalui pengembangan iklim yang kondusif, pemberian kesempatan berusaha, dukungan, perlindungan, dan pengembangan usaha seluas-luasnya, sehingga mampu meningkatkan kedudukan, peran, dan potensi Usaha Mikro, Kecil, dan Menengah dalam mewujudkan pertumbuhan ekonomi, pemerataan dan peningkatan pendapatan rakyat, penciptaan lapangan kerja, dan pengentasan kemiskinan.
Tam Giáo (Wikipedia tiếng Việt)
Authors: Mai Nhat Chi
Published: March 2022

Tam giáo (三教) chỉ đến ba truyền thống, trường phái tôn giáo và triết học có những ảnh hưởng rất lớn mạnh trong các nước chịu ảnh hưởng mạnh mẽ của nền tảng văn hóa Trung Quốc như Trung Quốc bản thổ của Trung Quốc, Đài Loan (Trung Hoa Dân Quốc), Việt Nam, Triều Tiên và khu vực Okinawa của Nhật Bản. Tam giáo cũng được truyền bá rất là sâu sắc và phổ biến ra bên ngoài như là một đặc trưng của văn hóa và triết học phương Đông.
MENYUSUN LAPORAN KEUANGAN
Authors: NURBAITI
Published: March 2022

Laporan keuangan merupakan bagian dari proses pelaporan keuangan. Laporan keuangan yang lengkap biasanya meliputi neraca, laporan perubahan posisi keuangan yang dapat disajikan dalam berbagai cara seperti misal, sebagai laporan arus kas, atau laporan arus dana!, catatan juga termasuk skedul dan informasi tambahan yang berkaitan dengan laporan tersebut, misal informasi keuangan segmen industri dan geografis serta pengungkapan pengaruh perubahan harga. Secara umum laporan keuangan adalah laporan yang berisi pencatatan uang dan transaksi yang terjadi dalam bisnis, baik transaksi pembelian maupun penjualan dan transaksi lainnya yang memiliki nilai ekonomi dan moneter. Biasanya laporan ini dibuat dalam periode tertentu. Penentuannya ditentukan oleh kebijakan perusahaan apakah dibuat setiap bulan atau setiap satu tahun sekali, terkadang perusahaan juga menggunakan keduanya. Laporan keuangan dibuat untuk mengetahui kondisi finansial perusahaan secara keseluruhan. Sehingga para stakeholder dan pengguna informasi akuntansi bisa melakukan evaluasi dan cara pencegahan dengan tepat dan cepat jika kondisi keuangan usaha mengalami masalah atau memerlukan perubahan. Mengingat pentingnya hal itu, maka laporan ini harus dibuat dengan tepat, cermat dan diperlukan pertanggung jawaban yang diserahkan secara mutlak kepada orang berkompeten dibidangnya, seperti seorang akuntan.Dia yang harus mempresentasikan laporan yang telah dibuatnya dengan detail di depan para stakeholder yang biasanya ini dilakukan pada saat evaluasi kinerja keuangan tahunan.
How Things Take Up Space: A Grounded Theory of Presence and Lived Space
Authors: Oblak Aleš , Boyadzhieva Asena , Caporusso Jaya , Škodlar Borut , Bon Jurij
Published: March 2022

Philosophical and qualitative studies of presence emphasize its spatial nature. The aim of this study is to investigate lived space – that is, space as it appears in experience – in alterations of presence. A transdiagnostic approach was undertaken. Rather than focusing on a single type of alteration, a variety of different contexts are considered to accentuate similarities and differences in the experience of presence. Subjective reports were gathered. Inductive-deductive coding was used to analyze the interview transcripts. Presence is conceptualized as an interplay between solidities (relatively dense space that precludes physical interactions) and permeances (relatively transient space). It is demonstrated how this interplay changes in altered experiences of presence.
Stepping up to the mic: Gender gaps in participation in live question-and-answer sessions at academic conferences
Authors: Jarvis Shoshana N , Ebersole Charles R. , Nguyen Christine , Zhu Leila , Kray Laura
Published: March 2022

Question-and-answer (Q&A) sessions following research talks provide key opportunities for the audience to engage in scientific discourse. Gender inequities persist in academia in which women are underrepresented as faculty and their contributions less valued (Ceci & Williams, 2011). In this paper, we test how this gender difference translates to face-to-face Q&A session participation and its psychological correlates. Across two studies examining participation in three conferences, men disproportionately participate in Q&A sessions in a live, recorded conference (N = 208 Q&A interactions), women are less comfortable participating in Q&A sessions and more likely to fear backlash for their participation (N = 234 conference attendees), and women are more likely to hold back questions due to anxiety whereas men are more likely to hold back questions to make space for others to participate. To the extent men engage more than women in Q&A sessions, men may continue to have more influence over the direction of science.
Deliberately making miskates
Authors: Zhang Yajing , Huynh Thi , Dyson Ben
Published: March 2022

Is failure an inherently negative state? We argue that failure has repercussions for performance not because of its negative valence but because of the default expectation of success. Across three experiments (n = 201), undergraduate participants engaged in Matching Pennies games where they had to perform as well (win maximization) and as poorly (lose maximization) as possible against exploitable opponents. We showed a double dissociation in that both win-stay and win-shift behaviours were more consistent than lose-stay and lose-shift behaviours during win maximization, but that both lose-stay and lose-shift behaviours were more consistent than win-stay and win-shift behaviours during loss maximization. This remarkable flexibility in the ability to reconfigure fundamental reinforcement learning principles, and the arbitrary nature of positive and negative goal states, point to a wholesale reconfiguration of the way we think about and react to failure.
Using bootstrapping to account for sampling variation and large study bias in meta-analysis
Authors: Schmitz Judith , Packheiser Julian , Papadatou-Pastou Marietta , Ocklenburg Sebastian , McManus Ian Christopher
Published: March 2022

Meta-analysis is a commonly used tool to provide insight into effect estimates with high confidence due to the increase in power and resistance to sampling bias compared to individual studies. However, meta-analysis is not without flaws as bias from original research can easily carry over to the synthesized analysis. In the present study, we used non-parametric bootstrapping to address the issues of non-random sampling (i.e., the fact that meta-analyses aim to include all available data instead of random samples from the population), as well as large study bias in meta-analysis. We found that bootstrapping can be highly informative regarding (1) the robustness of effect estimates despite non-random sampling, (2) how the inclusion of additional datasets affects the effect estimate and its error, and (3) to identify influential datasets. We furthermore found that the standard deviation of the effect estimate decreases logarithmically with the addition of further datasets. Regarding large study bias, we found that (4) even in random-effects models, very large datasets have the potential to bias the data significantly. Using a bias adjustment method that replaces sample sizes of individual datasets by their square root radicand, we could account for the bias without losing a significant amount of information. We suggest that bootstrapping should be routinely used to estimate the robustness of effect estimates and assess large study bias in meta-analysis. To our knowledge, this is the first study to not only identify (and subsequently remove), but also to correct for influential studies.
A rapid review of motivational interview interventions for alcohol use in university students: Protocol
Authors: McGeechan Grant James , Haste Anna , Campbell Miglena , Warner Nikolet Zsuzsanna , Swainston Katherine
Published: March 2022

The aim of this rapid review is to summarise the design, delivery, acceptability and effectiveness of motivational interview interventions for alcohol use in university students. In addition it will identify the active ingredients, mapped to the BCW and BCTT in order to identify the most effective components of MI interventions for this population
An Impartial Bayesian Hypothesis Test for Audit Sampling
Authors: Derks Koen , de swart jacques , Wagenmakers Eric-Jan , wetzels ruud
Published: March 2022

Auditors who perform audit sampling are often interested in obtaining evidence for or against the hypothesis that the misstatement in a population of items is lower than a critical limit, the so-called performance materiality. Here, we propose to perform this hypothesis test using a Bayesian approach that involves the use of an impartial prior distribution, assigning equal prior probabilities to the competing interval hypotheses. Firstly, we argue that the impartial prior distribution is sensible for auditors because it is easy to justify, interpret, and explain. Secondly, we show that Bayes factors computed using this prior distribution have desirable statistical properties. Finally, we compare these Bayes factors with traditional p-values in an audit sampling context and elaborate on the merits of the impartial Bayesian hypothesis test.
The gradual coevolution of syntactic combinatorics and categorization under the effects of human self-domestication: a proposal
Authors: Benítez-Burraco Antonio , Hoshi Koji , Progovac Ljiljana
Published: March 2022

This paper builds on a previous proposal that the gradual emergence of syntax in language evolution was engaged in a feedback loop with the effects of Human Self-Domestication (HSD), both processes contributing to enhanced connectivity in the cortico-striatal networks, which is the mechanism for suppressing reactive physical aggression, the hallmark of HSD, but also the mechanism of cross-modality, relevant for metaphoricity and syntax more generally. In this paper, we aim to bridge the gap between these neurobiological changes and the changes facilitated, or even promoted, by the gradual complexification of grammars. We propose that increased cross-modality associated with the brain modifications described above would have enabled and supported, more specifically, a feedback loop between categorization abilities relevant for vocabulary building and the gradual emergence of syntactic structure, including the core combinatorial operation in natural languages, such as Merge. In brief, an enhanced categorization ability not only brings about more distinct categories, but also a critical number of tokens in each category necessary for Merge to take off in a systematic and productive fashion; in turn, the benefits of expressive capabilities brought about by productive Merge encourage more items to be categorized, and more categories to be formed, thus further potentiating categorization abilities, and with it, syntax again. The need to amass a critical number of words before breaking into syntax is clearly demonstrated in language acquisition studies. It is also clear that without breaking into syntax there is no advancement in language or categorization abilities. Animal communication abilities, including those of trained animals, seem to stop short of this critical number, which, in our analysis, provides a rationale for why they do not develop productive syntax, or human-like categorization abilities. In addition to evidence from linguistics, language acquisition, and comparative studies, we also build on evidence from biology, neuroscience, paleoanthropology, and clinical linguistics.
No Effect of Ego Depletion on Cognitive Control and Implicit Aggression
Authors: Kugler Dimitrij , Kühn Simone
Published: March 2022

Ego depletion is a state of diminished self-control resulting from the prior engagement of the same capacity. Lately, critical voices concerning its very existence have accumulated, as meta-analyses correcting for the influence of publication bias either found much smaller effect sizes, or no effect at all. Large-scale multilab studies generated mixed findings ever since, with results critically depending on the tasks used. A big problem of ego depletion research is the lack of a list of validated tasks that are eligible to both induce and measure states of ego depletion. Based on a meta-analysis that identified emotion suppression videos as the most promising task to induce ego depletion, we set out to evaluate whether an effect exists when such a video is used to deplete self-control resources. In our preregistered online study, 60 healthy participants were randomly assigned to a group that had to suppress their emotions while watching an emotional video (surgery) or a group that watched the same video without any instructions. We found no evidence that suppressing emotions while watching the surgery video led to worse performance on a cognitive interference task or more aggressive cognition in two implicit aggression measures assessed afterwards. Moreover, Bayesian statistics indicated that the null hypothesis was at least 4 times more likely given the observed data. Thus, the present study adds to the critical voices concerning the ego depletion effect and could not show emotion suppression during videos to be a valid inducer of ego depletion.
The Genealogy of Racialized Method: eGFR as Case Study
Authors: Zadeh Hannah
Published: March 2022

This paper takes the racialized clinical algorithm eGFR as case study in order to better understand how racial ideology can live through statistical methodologies.
WAYANG DOLANAN SEBAGAI MEDIA MENYIMAK ANAK USIA DINI
Authors: Yulianty Puji
Published: March 2022

Wayang Dolanan diciptakan dengan tujuan agar pertunjukan wayang kulit dapat dinikmati siapa saja, bukan hanya kalangan dewasa, melainkan usia remaja, bahkan anak usia dini pun dapat turut menikmatinya. Selain sebagai media pelestarian budaya, Wayang Dolanan juga sangat efektif sebagai saran penyampaian pesan moral dan media edukasi. Melalui buku ini, Bu Puji Yulianty telah membuktikan bahwa wayang kulit dengan format Wayang Dolanan dapat digunakann sebagai media edukasi untuk anak usia dini.
ETIKA ORGANISASI DAN KEPEMIMPINAN KHARISMATIK
Authors: Suharyat Yayat
Published: March 2022

Etika organisasi dapat diartikan sebagai tatanan moral yang digunakan oleh setiap elemen organisasi untuk mengelola dan mengembangkan organisasi. Secara umum timbul pertanyaan faktor apa saja yang dapat mempengaruhi etika organisasi. Salah satu kriteria mengetahui profesionalitas pimpinan perguruan tinggi adalah dengan mengukur baik atau tidaknya etika organisasi dalam implementasi manajemen. Secara umum etika organisasi dapat berhubungan dengan berbagai faktor baik yang bersifat individual maupun yang bersifat kolektif. Dalam buku ini akan dibahas lebih mendalam mengenai etika organisasi dan kepemimpinan kharismatik.
Implementasi Pengembangan Profesi Keguruan Yang Insipiratif Dan Inovatif
Authors: Satria Muhammad Hassel Yasa
Published: March 2022

Profesi guru merupakan profesi yang sangat penting dan memberikan kontribusi langsung bagi pembangunan negara. Guru merupakan posisi strategis untuk pemberdayaan dan pembelajaran di negara yang mustahil dan telah lama tergantikan oleh seluruh elemen dan kehidupan negara. Profesi adalah suatu kegiatan atau pekerjaan yang memerlukan keahlian yang diperoleh melalui pendidikan dan pelatihan tertentu sesuai dengan persyaratan tertentu dengan tanggung jawab dan kode etik tertentu. Dan profesi guru merupakan jabatan yang memerlukan keahlian khusus sebagai seorang guru dan tidak dapat dijalankan oleh siapapun selain pendidikan. Pendidikan adalah profesi tertua di dunia dan setua usia manusia. Guru dapat digolongkan sebagai profesi karena profesi merupakan pekerjaan atau jabatan yang memerlukan keahlian yang diperoleh melalui pendidikan. Profesi guru juga dilengkapi dengan undang-undang yang menjamin hak dan kewajiban guru Indonesia. Seperti halnya profesi apapun, pelatihan kejuruan sebagai guru juga memerlukan beberapa kriteria berupa landasan profesional dan kualifikasi pendidikan untuk profesi guru, sebagaimana diatur dalam Undang-Undang Dosen dan Guru.
Gjensidig påvirkning mellom arbeidsliv og familieliv: Perspektiver fra forskning og praksis
Authors: Bø Ingerid
Published: March 2022

Sammen med andre nordiske land er Norge langt fremme med offentlige ordninger som bidrar til at vi kan kombinere familieliv og arbeidsliv. Kanskje nettopp dette i realiteten har fritatt bedriftene fra å utvikle en egen familiepolitikk (Ellingsæter & Solheim 2002)? Men å si at familien ikke vedrører arbeidsplassen – eller at familien ivaretas av offentlige ordninger – er ikke en farbar vei for en arbeidsorganisasjon, særlig ikke nå når både menn og kvinner er i jobb utenfor hjemmet. Uttrykket «som ringer i vann» passer godt for det som skjer i samspillet mellom arbeid og familie – og som følge av dette samspillet. Når arbeidslivet ikke kan unngå å påvirke arbeidstakernes mentale og fysiske tilstand, og arbeidstakere ikke kan unngå at det de opplever på jobb, ‘blir med hjem’, så påvirker arbeidslivet både parforhold, barns utvikling og hele familiers velferd. Det som skjer på arbeidsplassen, får ringvirkninger i hjemmet, i samarbeidet mellom hjem og barnehage og videre til skole og andre kontekster. Når vi dessuten vet at familiers velferd i vesentlig grad påvirker trivsel og innsats på jobb, så forstår vi at arbeidslivet har noe å vinne på å se disse sammenhengene. Det kan være klokt å «vurdere omsorg for egne barn ikke bare som en belastning, men også som et erfaringspotensiale som kan ha verdi i arbeidslivet» (Wærness 2015:346). Både praksis i arbeidslivet og forskning har vist at det å hjelpe foreldre av begge kjønn til å kombinere arbeidsrolle og familierolle, kan være godt for ‘business’. Tiden er inne til å rette ny oppmerksomhet mot arbeidslivets engasjement for familien. Hva er det da arbeidsorganisasjoner skal engasjere seg i? Teksten som følger, skal gi noen innspill til svar.
A Real-Time Historical Database of Macroeconomic Indicators for Russia
Authors:   Bank of Russia, Gornostaev Dmitry , Ponomarenko Alexey ,   Bank of Russia, Seleznev Sergei ,   Bank of Russia, Sterkhova Alexandra ,   Bank of Russia
Published: March 2022

We compiled, as part of a research project of Bank of Russia, a database on the revisions of a large set of short-term economic indicators and published it on the Bank of Russia website. The Research and Forecasting Department of the Bank of Russia plans to update this database in the future. We also perform an illustrative analysis of the properties of the revisions for a number of indicators. The preliminary results of this work indicate that the magnitude of the revisions is in many cases substantial.
Steeply Inclined Stromatolite Columns in Upper Tertiary Furnace Creek Formation, Death Valley, California
Authors: Ross Reuben J. , McAllister James F.
Published: March 2022

Stromatolite columns in the upper Tertiary Furnace Creek Formation are remarkable in their strong (35°) southwesterly inclination to surrounding lacustrine strata in the northeast flank of the Black Mountains, eastern Death Valley, California. The columns occur at several stratigraphic intervals , in the thickest of which they attain heights of 5 meters and diameters of 65 centimeters. At the time of growth it is unlikely that any column stood more than a few centimeters above the surrounding laminae of silt and clay. Surfaces of a few intervening beds are marked locally by cuspate and subparallel ripples. Apparent inclination of the columns resulted from progressive migration of the loci of algal growth from one strati­ graphic lamina to the next. Proximity of basalt in complex relationship with lake sediments may also have influenced algal growth indirectly. The Furnace Creek beds were deposited in a lake similar in surface area to San Francisco Bay. The northeast side of the Black Mountains seems to have been a local shoreline of this lake. Subsequent faulting and folding caused the steep 45° dips to the northeast now exhibited along the Black Mountains front.
A new species of Mirollia Stеl from Philippines (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae: Phaneropterinae)
Authors: Gorochov A.V.
Published: March 2022

Mirollia rostellum sp. n. from Philippines is distinguished from all other congeners by the shape of male cerci, male genital plate, and male genital sclerites.
Perception of University Students Regarding the Role of Quality Enhancement Cells in the Universities of KP
Authors: Mahsood Mariam , Atta Malik Amer , Anwar Sajid
Published: March 2022

The Prime aim of this study was to examine and scrutinize the perception of university students concerning the main objective of quality enhancement cells in enhancing the quality of education in the HEIs of KP. The study was conducted by cross-sectional survey design. A sample of 300 MPhil and Ph.D. scholars were collected from different universities of KP. For the collection of the sample, the Purposive Sampling Technique was employed. SPSS (Version-23) was used for testing the objectives of the study. Findings of the study revealed that university students had perceived satisfaction with research culture, students' performance, and conduction of workshops/seminars. However, students were not satisfied with the teacher's performance and infrastructure facilities. MPhil students perceived better satisfaction on the role of quality enhancement cells in university as compared to Ph.D. students. Similarly, men were more satisfied with perceived enhancement in university as women. The study has implications in academic settings.
Continuous Professional Development (CPD) and Quality Education of Primary School Teachers: A Quantitative Study in Lahore, Punjab
Authors: Abbas Muhammad , Tariq Saba , Jamil Muhammad
Published: March 2022

CPD programme provides teachers' training to in-service teachers according to their needs and requirements for the enhancement of quality education. The current study aimed to find out the effect of CPD on quality education of Primary School Teachers' training programmes. The main purpose of the CPD program was to polish the pedagogical skills, content knowledge, and competencies of the respondents. The current study was quantitative and descriptive. All the Primary school teachers working at the primary level from the Lahore district were selected as population. The sample of the study was30male primary school teachers. The data were collected through a five-point Likert scale. Data were analyzed through SPSS 21 through frequency distribution. The findings revealed that all male teachers of the public school strongly agreed that through Continuous Professional Development (CPD) program, the pedagogical skills, content knowledge, and competencies were increased of in-service teachers. It is suggested that primary school teachers should be provided CPD training for their professional development, pedagogical skills, and competency.
Redefining Greece in 2021: An Overview of the New Government's Plan to Revive Greece
Authors: Rafi Ali , Fatima Kaneez , Ali Jabbar
Published: March 2022

This article aims to provide an overview of the two programs designed by the current Greek government to revive the country and prepare it for the 21st Century. Both plans, "Greece 2021" and "Greece 2.0" comprise four pillars outlining a wide range of programs to be implemented between 2021 and 2026. The first pillar of "Greece 2021" aims to highlight the significance of the events that led to the War of Independence in 1821. This will define how these events had impacted the world of politics and eventually the revolt of 1821. The purpose of "Greece 2021" is to remind the world, particularly the Greek youth, of the country’s glorious past,specifically, the previous 200 years of modern Greece. The young generation is also provided with the opportunity to envision the future status of Greece and play an active role in achieving the desired status. For this, a wide range of projects and events such as scientific conventions, cultural events, exhibitions are going to be held across the globe. However, at the same time, the EU has approved Greece’s proposed Recovery and Resilience Facility (RRF) worth over €30 billion. It contains massive plans to transform the Greek economy by means of investments in digitization, infrastructure development, and modernizing business processes. RRF is expected to generate around180,000 jobs and secure 7Percent GDP growth in a sustainable manner by reducing the impact of human activities on the environment
Religion as a Deterritorialization and Re-territorialization Mechanism: Reconfiguring Pakistan's Nation Building and Islamization Process
Authors: Pasha Imran , Siddiqui Muhammad Shakeel Ahmad , Akram Saira
Published: March 2022

Pakistan is a country founded on Islamic identity, and it was established to safeguard Muslims' religious, cultural, and historical identities.Individuals and families can find spiritual, social, psychological, and often material support through religion. Pakistan's interest in building a righteous,organized, systematic, peaceable, and prosperous nation has indeed been paramount since time immemorial. Pakistan, since its inception inherited ethnically, sociologically, territorially, financially, and linguistically diverse social structure and population. Religion served as the foundation for the configuration of this nation. Specific structures of societal, economic and social deprivation altered this governmental ideology. Even though the country remains dominantly Muslim, demographically, it is relatively fragmented and disintegrated. This paper investigates the components of diversification that ultimately stymied Pakistan's nation-building process and will examine the process of Islamization, particularly during the Zia era, which assisted Pakistan in establishing a unified society based on Islamic principles of progressive political equality, and economic justice.
Physiological rapid growth of spinal lipoma in the early postnatal period
Authors: Yoshifuji Kazuhisa , Morota Nobuhito , Omori Yoshinori , Koyanagi Izumi , Mikuni Nobuhiro
Published: March 2022

OBJECTIVE

Spinal lipomas are congenital malformations. They do not express tumorous growth but are found to increase in volume like other normal subcutaneous fat tissue during the early postnatal period. To understand the natural course of volume changes in spinal lipomas, the authors measured the changes in size of spinal lipomas together with the normal subcutaneous fat in relation to BMI.

METHODS

A total of 27 patients with conus spinal lipoma excluding lipomyelomeningocele who underwent MRI twice before surgery (on initial diagnosis and immediately preoperatively) were included. Patients’ ages at the time of the first MRI ranged from 0 to 32 months (mean 2.9 months, median 1 month). Candidates were categorized by age into three groups: < 1 month, 1–2 months, and ≥ 3 months. The growth rate of the spinal lipomas (in three directions), change in thickness of the normal subcutaneous fat, growth rate of the normal spinal canal (dorsoventral direction), and change in BMI were retrospectively analyzed between the three groups.

RESULTS

The mean interval between MRI studies was 83.1 days. During this time, the mean lipoma growth rates were 199%, 149%, and 133% in the dorsoventral, lateral, and craniocaudal directions, respectively (with 100% representing the first measurement). The mean change in the thickness of the normal subcutaneous fat was 183%. The mean growth of the normal spinal canal was 111%. The mean increase in BMI was 124%. These rates were all significantly higher in the younger groups. There was no significant difference in the growth rates between the lipoma and the subcutaneous fat in every age group. In contrast, the growth rate of the lipoma significantly exceeded that of the spinal canal in patients younger than 3 months. The subarachnoid space around the lipoma became obstructed in 35.3%, and spinal cord distortion occurred in 48.1% of the patients younger than 3 months.

CONCLUSIONS

Spinal lipomas rapidly increase in volume before the age of 3 months and especially in infants younger than 1 month. Their features closely correlate with the physiological growth of the normal subcutaneous fat and the increase in BMI. The rapid growth of lipomas suggests the importance of close observation in this period, keeping in mind the typical anatomical changes of lipomas and their surrounding structures.
Awake brain surgery for language mapping in pediatric patients: a single-center experience
Authors: Herta Johannes , Winter Fabian , Pataraia Ekaterina , Feucht Martha , Czech Thomas , Porsche Barbara , Leiss Ulrike , Slavc Irene , Peyrl Andreas , Kasprian Gregor , Rössler Karl , Dorfer Christian
Published: March 2022

OBJECTIVE

The goal of this study was to evaluate the feasibility, benefit, and safety of awake brain surgery (ABS) and intraoperative language mapping in children and adolescents with structural epilepsies. Whereas ABS is an established method to monitor language function in adults intraoperatively, reports of ABS in children are scarce.

METHODS

A retrospective chart review of pediatric patients ≤ 18 years of age who underwent ABS and cortical language mapping for supratentorial tumors and nontumoral epileptogenic lesions between 2008 and 2019 was conducted. The authors evaluated the global intellectual and specific language performance by using detailed neuropsychological testing, the patient’s intraoperative compliance, results of intraoperative language mapping assisted by electrocorticography (ECoG), and postsurgical language development and seizure outcomes. Descriptive statistics were used for this study, with a statistical significance of p < 0.05.

RESULTS

Eleven children (7 boys) with a median age of 13 years (range 10–18 years) underwent ABS for a lesion in close vicinity to cortical language areas as defined by structural and functional MRI (left hemisphere in 9 children, right hemisphere in 2). Patients were neurologically intact but experiencing seizures; these were refractory to therapy in 9 patients. Compliance during the awake phase was high in 10 patients and low in 1 patient. Cortical mapping identified eloquent language areas in 6/10 (60%) patients and was concordant in 3/8 (37.5%), discordant in 3/8 (37.5%), and unclear in 2/8 (25%) patients compared to preoperative functional MRI. Stimulation-induced seizures occurred in 2 patients and could be interrupted easily. ECoG revealed that afterdischarge potentials (ADP) were involved in 5/9 (56%) patients with speech disturbances during stimulation. None of these patients harbored postoperative language dysfunction. Gross-total resection was achieved in 10/11 (91%) patients, and all were seizure free after a median follow-up of 4.3 years. Neuropsychological testing using the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children and the verbal learning and memory test showed an overall nonsignificant trend toward an immediate postoperative deterioration followed by an improvement to above preoperative levels after 1 year.

CONCLUSIONS

ABS is a valuable technique in selected pediatric patients with lesions in language areas. An interdisciplinary approach, careful patient selection, extensive preoperative training of patients, and interpretation of intraoperative ADP are pivotal to a successful surgery.
Average Type Smile in Posed Smile of Individuals Visiting Department of Orthodontics of a Tertiary Care Hospital: A Descriptive Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Maharjan Surendra , Rajbhandari Anjana , Pradhan Resina , Bajracharya Manju , Manandhar Pushkar , Pant Bashu Dev
Published: March 2022

Introduction: New concepts and methods have been developed in orthodontics with patients' increased concern on esthetics. Among the various parameters of smile, smile type, smile arc, and smile symmetry are essential for a beautiful smile. The objective of this study was to find out the prevalence of average type in posed smiles of individuals visiting the department of orthodontics.
Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted from 1st April 2021 to 30th June 2021 at a tertiary care hospital. Ethical clearance was obtained from the Institutional Review Committee (Reference number: 1, CH No. 30, 2077/2078). A convenience sampling technique was used to collect a total of 413 samples of posed smile photographs. Data was collected and analysed using Microsoft Excel 2013. Point estimate at 95% Confidence Interval was calculated along with frequency and percentage.
Results: Among 413 individuals, the average type of smile was found in 193 (46.73%) (42.12-51.74 at 95% Confidence Interval). Out of 87 average smile type males, most of them 51 (58.62%) had non consonant smile arcs and 47 (54.02%) had asymmetric type smiles. On the contrary, the majority of females 76 (71.70%) had a consonant arc smile while 63 (59.43%) had an asymmetric smile.
Conclusions: The prevalence of the average type of smile was higher in our study as in other published literatures.
Gestational Diabetes Mellitus among Pregnant Women Delivering in a Tertiary Care Hospital: A Descriptive Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Singh Sumi , Yadav Manisha
Published: March 2022

Introduction: Gestational diabetes mellitus is increasing globally leading to significant maternal and foetal morbidity. This study aimed to find out the prevalence of gestational diabetes mellitus among pregnant women delivering in a tertiary care hospital.
Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study on a total of 3034 pregnant women was conducted in a tertiary care hospital from 14th April 2017 to 13th April 2018 with ethical approval from Research and Institutional Review Committee (Reference number: 061-077/078) of the hospital. Pregnant women who met the eligibility criteria were included in the study. Convenience sampling was done. Data were analysed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 24.0 and Microsoft Excel. Point estimate at 99% Confidence Interval was calculated along with frequency and percentage for binary data.
Results: Among 3034 patients who delivered in the tertiary centre, the prevalence of gestational diabetes mellitus was found to be 104 (3.42%) (2.57-4.26 at 99% Confidence Interval). The majority of women were of maternal age >30 years in 69 (66.34%). Out of which 48 (46.15%) women had family history of diabetes mellitus. Thirty-eight (36.53%) patients required a caesarean section. The most common obstetric complication was polyhydramnios in 35 (35.57%).
Conclusions: The prevalence of gestational diabetes was lower when compared to other studies done in similar settings. The majority of women were of higher maternal age, had family history of diabetes mellitus and were also obese.
Co-infection of Uropathogenic Escherichia coli among COVID-19 Patients Admitted to a Tertiary Care Centre: A Descriptive Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Basnet Ajaya , Chand Arun Bahadur , Shrestha Lok Bahadur , Pokhrel Nayanum , Karki Lochan , Shrestha Sailendra Kumar Duwal , Tamang Basanta , Shrestha Mahendra Raj , Dulal Maina , Rai Junu Richhinbung
Published: March 2022

Introduction: Simultaneous infection of antibiotic-resistant uropathogens in patients with COVID-19 has necessitated the revision of the prescription of broad-spectrum antibiotics on the grounds of evidence-based studies and antimicrobial stewardship principles. The objective of this study was to find out the prevalence of uropathogenic Escherichia coli co-infection among hospital-admitted COVID-19 patients of a tertiary care centre.
Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in urinary tract infection suspected COVID-19 patients admitted to a tertiary care hospital, from 25th June to 24th December 2021 after ethical clearance from the Institutional Review Committee with registration number 207707860. Convenience sampling was used. Serum procalcitonin levels were also measured. Data analysis was performed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences software version 17.0. Point estimate at 95% Confidence Interval was calculated along with frequency and proportion for binary data, and mean and standard deviation for continuous data.
Results: Among the 49 hospital-admitted COVID-19 patients, 3 (6.12%) (0.59-12.83 at 95% Confidence Interval) were co-infected with uropathogenic Escherichia coli. Absolute non-susceptibility of Escherichia coli to antibiotics such as ceftriaxone, cotrimoxazole, nalidixic acid, gentamicin, and ampicillin was observed. All isolates were multidrug-resistant. All co-infected patients were female and had a median age of 35 years. Mean±SD value for procalcitonin in patients with co-infection (6.13±7.88 ng/ml) was six times higher than for the patients without co-infection (0.95±1.11 ng/ml).
Conclusions: Escherichia coli co-infection in hospitalised COVID-19 patients was less frequent as compared to published literature. The serum procalcitonin value in patients with co-infection was substantially higher than that of patients without co-infection.
Internship Experience: A Transition from Academic World to Health Care Workplace
Authors: Bhandari Rupa , Basnet Krity , Bhatta Krishna
Published: March 2022

Internship is the training period during MBBS in which medical students will be able to learn methods/modalities to administer actual practice of medical and health care based on the knowledge gainded in their medical school. The students will get short-term supervised professional learning experience in different departments of medical and surgical specialities and have opportunity to develop professional networks within their intended career field. Internship gets your foot in the door of the real-world health care practice environment from the theoretical learning. Gaining knowledge and skills by reflecting on mistakes in practical scenario will boosts confidence and refine the practice later on. An internship can be a powerful medium for personal and professional growth as it allows the sense of responsibility towards the patients, their family and the organisation. It is indeed a great opportunity to have a hands-on learning experience prior to graduation of medical school.