bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
La protesta mapuche durante la pandemia
Authors: Rojas Pedemonte Nicolás , Gálvez Diego , Solís Ariadna
Published: January 2022

Los levantamientos sociales durante el año 2020, acarrean y extienden la lucha social del Estallido Social de octubre del 2019, cuya influencia persiste en territorios donde la violencia estructural, política y policial-militar siguen ocurriendo de forma arbitraria. Los numerosos abusos y violaciones de los derechos humanos de los manifestantes, durante las movilizaciones a raíz del Estallido, revelaron el nivel de antipatía y hostilidad por parte del gobierno, la fuerza policial y las élites de los sectores más favorecido de la sociedad chilena, lo que, a su vez, desencadenó la unidad de un pueblo intercultural frente a las injusticias proliferadas. Estas acciones represoras son un ejemplo del cotidiano escenario al cual se enfrenta, y resiste, el pueblo mapuche en Wallmapu o “Gran Araucanía”, reproducido históricamente por el Estado chileno. Este artículo, presenta una continuación del análisis de los conflictos en territorio mapuche de los capítulos La protesta mapuche como proceso interactivo: Espacios y dinámicas del conflicto en el retorno de Piñera, 2018 y La protesta mapuche más allá (y más acá) del Estallido Social, 2019 para una actual interpretación de los diferentes y nuevos hechos de protesta, ocurridos durante el año 2020 en territorio mapuche, específicamente en tres provincias de Wallmapu: Malleco, Cautín y Arauco.
Modernismo e insularidad: traducción y recepción del Parnasse en Puerto Rico (siglo XIX)
Authors: Feria Miguel Ángel
Published: January 2022

La literatura del Parnasse francés participó como ninguna otra de la génesis del modernismo hispánico, y en este sentido el primer modernismo puertorriqueño no fue una excepción. Pese a la vigencia aún tardía del romanticismo, inseparable del contexto de insularidad y lucha por la Independencia, la recepción en la isla del parnasianismo supuso la adopción de una serie de modelos que incorporaron la literatura puertorriqueña al espíritu del Fin de Siglo. El presente artículo se ocupa de la traducción y recepción del Parnasse Contemporain durante el último tercio del siglo XIX, una época marcada aún por los cánones de un postromanticismo trasnochado y los primeros ensayos renovadores de autores como José de Jesús Domínguez, inspirados en los poetas parnasianos franceses como Gautier, Heredia o Leconte de Lisle.
Narrative in advertising: persuading the Nigerian audience within the schemata of storyline
Authors: Dalamu Taofeek
Published: January 2022

The study, as an attempt, considered narrative as a good resource of advertising in the Nigerian environment. In other words, advertisers perceive narrative as a strategy that can stimulate consumers to patronize advertised goods and services. Four adverts of FBN®, MTN®, Orijin® and FIRS® have been chosen to propagate the course appeared on the frameworks. Beside the application of the Labovian schema on narrative, the Halliday’s transitivity system plays an analytical role by assigning semiotic slots to the textual devices. The study reveals that advertising copies a similar pattern of narrative in the society. Apart from the texts serving as relays to the images, the construction of the message is in the resolution sequential string. This provides an opportunity for advertisers to present to the public the gains and benefits of taking decision parallel to the messages of the adverts. Advertisers capitalize of the efforts of past leaders, the challenges of the present and the future of the children to sensitize the audience. The study concludes that narrative should be encouraged in advertising not only as a persuasive approach but also as a means of promoting Nigerian social heritage and treasures.
Wyrazy ze znaczeniem 'przeznaczony, odnoszący się do określonych zadań, celów' w leksyce rosyjskiej 2. połowy XX w.
Authors: Wysoczański Włodzimierz
Published: January 2022

Ogląd słownictwa drugiej połowy dwudziestego wieku ze znaczeniem ‘przeznaczony, odnoszący się do określonych zadań, celów’ ujawnia wiele zakresów tematycznych leksyki i pozawala wyróżnić dwa charakterystyczne wycinki czasowe: okres czterech pierwszych dziesięcioleci oraz ostatnie dziesięciolecie z wyraźnie zarysowanymi odmiennymi sferami, w których ta leksyka występuje.
Mourning is eternal—and proceeds from Iron age: Homer’s pathos of Achilles and Hector
Authors: Castellani Victor
Published: January 2022

Homeric heroes know the consequences of combat, of their own possible death and an enemy’s, with the impact of either upon persons nearest and dearest. A malicious taunt reminds a foeman of what his death will mean to old parents, to young wife, and to other relatives. A warrior’s own premonition of falling in battle before a superior fighter and/or by Fate or deadly intervention of a hostile god may add his child or children to those who will miss and mourn him. The Iliad-poet anticipates the painful aftermath of demigod Achilles’ coming death for his irregular family, which includes a divine mother who will mourn him forever. “Homer” dramatizes the pain of mortal Hector’s death, first expected then effected, for a family many of whom we have met, from aged parents to infant son. Hector’s slaying, linked by Fate to that of Achilles, is the key event. It leads to a sublime reconciliation between Achilles, his killer, and Priam, his devastated father. Hector’s mother, however, and his loving wife—mother of his defenseless son—cannot be reconciled with his loss and with their dreaded and certain harsh future.
Vida en excés i amor sense casa: un diàleg poètic entre Marina Tsvetàieva i Maria-Mercè Marçal
Authors: Julià Llüísa , Starovoitova Olga
Published: January 2022

L’article presenta una aproximació a l’estudi comparatiu de l’obra de Marina Tsvetàieva, una poeta russa, i de Maria-Mercè Marçal, una poeta catalana. En relació a les seves obres literàries, especialment poètiques, es pot emprar el concepte de convergència tipològica, que marca fenòmens similars en diferents literatures que són el resultat de diferents etapes del desenvolupament sociohistòric i cultural dels pobles o –més aviat, en el cas estudiat– de lleis universals de consciència humana. Les obres de ambdues tracen un diàleg constant sobre el "camp" dels textos pertanyents a diferents literatures nacionals però units per les nocions bàsiques i comuns a una dona que se submergeix en la poesia. Una i altra poeta viuen al límit, amb intensitat, temeroses de deixar camins per fresar; poetes de l'amor i la desmesura, del risc més enllà dels límits imposats, exigint-se al màxim.
Чудо Шаламова
Authors: Сан Висенте Рикард
Published: January 2022

Настоящая статья, созданная как комментарий к «Колымским рассказам», посвящена описанию последнего периода жизни и творчества Варлама Тихоновича Шаламова. Это художественное произведение представляет собой документальное отражение бесславной главы истории, полной политического насилия и бесчеловечности, дает возможность познакомиться с миром сталинских исправительно-трудовых лагерей, одним из крупнейших преступлений XX века. Сам факт того, что автор выжил, а его произведения сохранились, является настоящим чудом. Ведь то, что Шаламов не погиб в пучине лагерей, в процессе эксплуатации, обесчеловечивания и уничтожения, порожденном сталинским режимом, что он смог написать свои тетради, которые не только не исчезли на чердаках советской эпохи или в архивах КГБ, но и были опубликованы и дошли до нас, — все это нельзя назвать ничем иным, как чудом. Особое внимание уделяется тексту «Что я видел и понял в лагере», написанному Шаламовым и приобретенному музеем Шаламова в Вологде в 1996 году у бывшего офицера КГБ, отрывочной и незаконченной попытке писателя обобщить его не поддающийся описанию жизненный опыт.
Народные истоки образного языка русской литературы
Authors: Мокиенко Валерий
Published: January 2022

Русский литературный языка, как и все европейские литературные языки, представляет собой сложную систему, своеобразный «плавильный котёл», в котором воедино слились самые различные стихии: «Своё и чужое», «Новое и старое», «Кодифицированное и некодифицированное», «Книжное и речевое (resp. просторечное)», «Общее и специальное» и др. Изучение каждого из этих пластов в их исторической ретроспективе и перспективе помогает понять как общие закономерности развития русского литературного языка, так и его специфику на общем европейском языковом фоне. Для истории русского языка особо актуальным является взаимодействие книжной и речевой стихий, количественные и качественные пропорции были различными в разные эпохи его развития. В докладе исследуется влияние народной речи на русский литературный язык эпохи его национального расцвета начала XIX века. Предлагается анализ известных образных выражений классиков этого времени И.А. Крылова, А.С. Грибоедова и А.С. Пушкина. Истоки таких выражений выявляются на материале составляемого автором и его соавторами (Т.Г. Никитиной и Е.К. Николаевой) «Полного фразеологического словаря русских народных говоров».
Otros puntos de encuentro: neopopularismo y poesía social del Grupo del 27 en la poesía de Eunice Odio
Authors: Campos López Ronald
Published: January 2022

Este artículo continúa la labor hermenéutica y comparativa de estudiar los legados vanguardistas del Grupo del 27 en la poesía de la costarricense Eunice Odio. Se analizan cinco poemas de esta autora, a fin de establecer sus diálogos con textos del 27, en relación con el neopopularismo y la poesía social. Se concluye que, por un lado, el neopopularismo odiano se dirige a dos cuencas: 1) la recuperación de la figura del negro de la tradición cubana y latinoamericana, con el fin de denunciar la marginalidad, injusticias sociales y laborales, llanto, dolor y tragedia que padece, tanto como el gitano en el cante jondo andaluz; 2) la reelaboración de pasajes o personajes bíblicos y similitudes retóricas y formales con algunos de los poemas navideños del 27. Por otro lado, la poesía social odiana se enfoca en la coyuntura de la guerra civil española, la cual defiende como el 27 la Segunda República, se solidariza con esta lucha política, exalta a los milicianos como figuras heroicas del conflicto, se identifica con las víctimas, y denuncia al bando sublevado y la destrucción que este provocó en el país.
Social semiotic genre: exploring the interplay of words and images in advertising
Authors: Olaiwola Dalamu Taofeek
Published: January 2022

This study examined the interplay of pictorial and written modes that position advertising as a multimodal genre, explainable through a social semiotic perspective. Eight advertisements of the financial, telecommunications, and beverage products functioned as devices of analysis. Nevertheless, multimodal communicative acts served as the processing tool, elucidating the meaning potentials of the advertising configurations. Having deployed a system of multimodal interacts, tables and graphs assisted in accounting for the frequency of the semiotic resources of the written modes. The analysis indicated large and highlighted fonts (Celebrating the world’s no. 1 fixer), repetitions (Guinness, Maltina, real deal), and deviant constructs (EazyLoans, GTWorld) as elements of propagating intended messages. The deployment of codes (*966*11#, 737) and fragmented clauses (Over N100 million worth of airtime) played some roles in the meaning-making operations. Of significance is the Guinness’ conceptual “digits” of 17:59, contextualising the year, time, and channel of promotional benefits. Though questions (Have you called mum today?), offer (It can be), and minor clauses (Welcome to Guinness time) were parts of the communicative systems, statements (Terms and condition apply) and commands (Enjoy the complete richness of Maltina) dominated the entire dialogues. One might suggest that communicators should endeavour to deploy apt constructions and create eye-lines between participants as means of sensitising readers into consumption.
Chucotos sin fronteras. La suerte de un ciclo de chistes ruso fuera de Rusia
Authors: Castañar Rubio Guillem
Published: January 2022

Los chucotos son un pueblo minoritario de la península de Chukotka, en el noreste de la Federación de Rusia. En la segunda mitad del siglo pasado, empezaron a ser objeto de burla en chistes en lengua rusa y, en poco tiempo, se convirtieron en uno de los blancos favoritos del humor étnico soviético. Sin embargo, la fama de este productivo ciclo no quedó circunscrita a las fronteras de Rusia. Aunque trabajos previos (Castañar 2021) han demostrado que, en la etapa postsoviética, la caracterización de estos personajes no cambió en Rusia, no se ha estudiado qué ocurrió en otros países donde este ciclo también se popularizó. El presente artículo aborda la evolución de los chistes étnicos postsocialistas[1] sobre chucotos fuera del espacio lingüístico ruso, más concretamente, en Estonia.

 

[1] Período de transición siguiente al socialismo que afectó a Europa Central, los Balcanes y la Unión Soviética, y que abarca la década de los noventa del siglo xx (v. Hann 1994).
Los trabajadores de la madera en Argentina, 1909-1910. Clase, oficio, relaciones étnicas y culturas políticas
Authors: Koppmann Walter Ludovico
Published: January 2022

El artículo aborda la conflictividad social en la ciudad de Buenos Aires entre 1909 y 1910, poniendo el foco sobre los trabajadores de la industria de la madera y el mueble. A través del estudio de caso, se abordan las formas de lucha y de organización, la incidencia del oficio artesanal en un medio escasamente mecanizado, la intervención de las corrientes de izquierda y el lugar que ocupaban las relaciones étnicas, en particular la inmigración judía, en el ramo del mueble. Asimismo, se relevan las formas de represión estatal y paraestatal en un período clave de la historia nacional.
Disputas electorales: actores y prácticas políticas (Mendoza, segunda mitad del siglo XIX)
Authors: Fucili Eliana
Published: January 2022

Este trabajo tiene como objetivo analizar las estrategias y alianzas políticas desplegadas por los sectores dirigentes mendocinos durante los comicios que se practicaban en la provincia de Mendoza. Como es sabido, en esta provincia —al igual que en otros escenarios provinciales—, el juego electoral era organizado por los clubes políticos o electorales, que se encargaban de movilizar a la ciudadanía, formar la opinión pública y reclutar votos, de manera que se propiciaban canales de delegación de la soberanía desde las bases. Ahora bien, ¿cómo estaban conformadas esas asociaciones políticas en Mendoza?, ¿qué papel ocuparon las dirigencias locales en ellas?, ¿qué mecanismos utilizaron para reclutar las bases de apoyo?
Izalco (El Salvador) en el camino a “La Matanza”de 1932. Una aproximación
Authors: Acosta Rodríguez Antonio
Published: January 2022

En El Salvador, en 1932, tras un golpe de Estado, el Ejército llevó a cabo una gran represión, conocida como «la matanza», que tuvo en Izalco uno de los más duros escenarios. La oligarquía del país había construido durante décadas una sociedad profundamente desigual. El artículo pone el foco en algunos aspectos de aquella desigualdad y recupera determinadas fuentes no utilizadas hasta hoy en el análisis del proceso.
El Litoral y el Estado boliviano ante el desafío del guano
Authors: Colàs Pol
Published: January 2022

En el siguiente artículo pretendo mostrar, por un lado, la relación del Estado boliviano con el guano atacameño y el desempeño de la legislación monopolista y el contrato económico para su explotación con dos empresas británicas; y, por otro lado, la respuesta de la localidad ante el despliegue de la autoridad central por su territorio y la llegada de la frontera económica capitalista sobre un recurso del que había una larga tradición en su explotación. Todo ello resultó en un choque de modelos, en una lucha entre legitimidades para imponer un proyecto propio con el que gestionar el negocio del guano y sus beneficios.
Empresa, negocios y poder local en el Montevideo de la modernización y del militarismo (1865-1886)
Authors: Talamante Pérez Manuel
Published: January 2022

El poder local es uno de los escenarios en los que mejor se pueden observar los vínculos entre el tejido empresarial, los negocios y la política. En 1877, un año después de la llegada al poder como gobernador provisorio de Lorenzo Latorre, tiene lugar una reunión que afianzará aún más su poder autoritario en Uruguay. En ella intervienen miembros de lo más selecto del país, con participación directa en el poder local montevideano: la Junta Económica Administrativa. A partir de la consulta de fuentes notariales y protocolos comerciales, así como de otras procedentes de la propia institución analizada, se identificarán quiénes fueron dichos individuos y cuáles fueron sus relaciones con la política municipal, la empresa y los negocios en el militarismo uruguayo.
Entre revoluciones e intelectuales: tensión, ruptura y reencuentro de México y Perú (1924-1933)
Authors: Herrera Leon Fabián
Published: January 2022

La relación histórica entre México y Perú tuvo uno de los momentos de mayor tensión y desvanecimiento durante la primera mitad de la década de 1930, como consecuencia de sus respectivas revoluciones y del trato especial que México concedió a la Alianza Popular Revolucionaria Americana en detrimento de la relación oficial entre Estados. Este breve episodio, determinado en gran medida por el peso extraordinario de la interacción cultural representada por intelectualesrevolucionarios, no pasó desapercibida internacionalmente por sus posibles implicaciones, tanto en el ámbito regional latinoamericano, como en el multilateral ginebrino de la Sociedad de Naciones, donde se intentaría poner fin al conflicto amazónico entre Perú y Colombia por el puerto amazónico de Leticia.
Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises in Ecuador: Evolution and Challenges
Authors: Araque Jaramillo Wilson , Hidalgo Flor Roberto , Rivera Vásquez Jairo
Published: January 2022

The main objective of this article is to analyze the evolution of Ecuadorian Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises (SME), their contribution to the national economy, institutional framework, and internal operating characteristics. To this end, the focus is on companies related to the manufacturing sector in Ecuador. The main periods of the analysis are: i) the 1990s, ii) 2000-2008 and iii) 2009-2019; however, the decades of the 1970s and 1980s have been included in the first part of the article for their relevance. Literature review is the main data collection methodology, and the databases used are from official sources. Data from the Banco Central del Ecuador (BCE, Central Bank of Ecuador), the Instituto Nacional de Estadística y Censos (INEC, National Institute of Statistics and Census), regulations and research around the SME sector have been used.
The main findings are that SMEs are crucial within the Ecuadorian industrial fabric, because of its specialization in products that contribute to satisfying basic needs, but also because they provide parts and supplies to other companies. The quantitative contribution of SMEs, however, has been declining over time, both in number of establishments, staffing, and production, which reveals the increasing relevance of large industries. In this process, the institutional framework has had an influence in the evolution of SMEs, with certain strengths and weaknesses in terms of supporting the development of SMEs. In turn, in regards to internal operation, it becomes apparent that despite some improvement, there has not been significant progress during the period under analysis. In short, this work contributes to the larger discussion about the relevance of SMEs in Ecuador, their history, and whether there might be grounds for public policies to support their development.
The hub of the system. Discussions and perceptions regarding the geopolitical role of Milan in the 16th century
Authors: Rizzo Mario
Published: January 2022

The article studies the geopolitical role of the State of Milan during the 16th century, as it was perceived and discussed by both members of the Habsburg ruling class as well as Italian writers, politicians and diplomats who did not belong to those circles nor were under their influences. The analysis starts with the early years of the century and subsequently covers the period of the Wars of Italy and then the second half of the century, when the new international context created by the peace of Cateau Cambrésis gave rise to a complex interplay between continuity and change.

Keywords: geopolitics, 16th-century Italy, Milan, Habsburg Empire.
Defending the House of Austria. Antineutralidad (attributed to Diego Saavedra Fajardo) and Habsburg political thought
Authors: Monostori Tibor
Published: January 2022

A recently discovered political and legal treatise, Antineutralidad (1640), has been attracting attention in scholarship. This paper extensively scrutinizes the dating and authorship of the text. Sources found in several European archives have made it possible to establish with certainty the authorship of Diego Saavedra Fajardo and the precise period in which Antineutralidad was written (between January and March 1640). This determination is backed by a comparative analysis of early modern texts. Lastly, explorations based on themes and inner logic reveal highly sophisticated and superior planning, argumentation, structural cohesion and innovation, qualities which ennabled the author to create an overarching framework to defend the House of Austria, including key German and European political and legal themes, integrated and fused with both Spanish Habsburg and Christian universalist thinking.
Keywords: Saavedra Fajardo, early modern political thought, Habsburg studies, imperial ideology, Spanish political philosophy.
Revisión de la proyección social institucional a partir del impacto formativo en graduados
Authors: Giraudo F. , Gargantini D.
Published: January 2022

Desde una noción de calidad educativa concebida como aquella que asegura la adquisición de conocimientos significativos y el desarrollo de capacidades ciudadanas comprometidas con la transformación de la realidad, las universidades confiadas a la Compañía de Jesús en América Latina han ido generando iniciativas que apuntan a la formación de los estudiantes para el compromiso y la solidaridad. Este artículo tiene como objetivo determinar los factores emergentes vinculados a la cultura institucional que inciden en la formación de sus graduados, y de esta manera, inferir los cambios a introducir en la política de proyección social institucional. La metodología empleada incluyó un enfoque analítico interpretativo, retrospectivo y transversal, desarrollado a través de un diseño metodológico cualitativo a través del análisis documental, entrevistas con referentes institucionales, graduados, y referentes externos (empleadores y representantes de entidades deontológicas). A la luz de los resultados fue posible determinar las revisiones valóricas, procedimentales e instrumentales que la política de proyección social de la universidad debiera encarar, a fin de cumplir en profundidad con la misión que le ha sido encomendada.
Reflections on service-learning in european higher education
Authors: Ribeiro Álvaro , Aramburuzabala Pilar , Paz Berta
Published: January 2022

Over the last two decades, there has been a growing emphasis on the transformation of higher education within Europe. The promotion of active and democratic citizenship through formal higher education is a primary concern. Service-learning (SL) has proven to be a powerful didactic methodology for achieving these ideals. The objective of this paper is to highlight some reflections that permeate SL european experiences, published in the European Observatory of Service-Learning in Higher Education, between January 2020 and September 2021. The counting and percentages of the valued attitudes of SL experiences were collected to explore the guiding philosophy, historical roots, purposes, and underpinning features of SL, contextual factors affecting the practice of SL in the partner institutions and countries, and future challenges and opportunities. Conclusions focus on SL growth and mainstreaming; SL as a core strategic pillar for developing deeper community-higher education partnerships and for strengthening civic engagement across higher education; the need to develop future research to explore these connections and the potential that SL can play in terms of increased civic, work-life and theoretical understandings and skills.
Institucionalización del aprendizaje-servicio en una universidad intercongregacional
Authors: López Leticia Ivonne
Published: January 2022

La Universidad de Monterrey (UDEM) se ha caracterizado desde su fundación como una universidad orientada a la mejora de las condiciones de vida de la comunidad, por medio del servicio y la acción social. Se empezó el proceso de implementación del aprendizaje-servicio (ApS) a nivel licenciatura durante el 2012 y actualmente es obligatorio. El objetivo de este trabajo es analizar las relaciones interdepartamentales durante el proceso de institucionalización del ApS, considerando sus principios fundacionales y visión intercongregacional desde una perspectiva sociológica para la generación de un modelo replicable en contextos educativos de inspiración católica. Se analizan las relaciones de los actores que contribuyeron a la institucionalización interna, desde la teoría de la estructuración de Anthony Giddens mediante el análisis de sus interacciones interdepartamentales. Este análisis permite crear un modelo de operación interna para impulsar el ApS de forma transversal en la institución. Ello permite comprender y generar conocimiento basado en prácticas sociales recurrentes.
Extent of implementation of service-learning in five Jesuit Universities in the Philippines
Authors: Dalagan J.Q. , Garciano A. , Urduja A. , Adarlo G. , Obedencio M. , Abitad L. , Arcena L. , Sagaral A. , Abo-abo D. , Besenio M.G. , Ramos R. , Nubla F. , Rabajante D.J. , Austero R. , Emmanuel M.
Published: January 2022

Service-learning is a form of experiential education in which students engage in activities that address human and community needs together with structured opportunities intentionally designed to promote student learning and development. Philippine Higher Education Institutions (HEIs) are making attempts to integrate service-learning in their educational systems. In this current qualitative study, the mechanism of service learning in 5 Jesuit higher education institutions located in different regions in the Philippines was described. Furco’s Self-Assessment Rubric for institutionalization of service learning as a framework was used as the evaluation tool. Results revealed that even if the institutions studied were all Jesuit universities, each one exhibited unique experiences and different levels of implementation of service learning. They also vary in the mechanism or approach of implementation. What was evident among the five Jesuit higher education institutions is their shared commitment towards service and social justice as part of their mission and identity. The difference in the level of implementation among the five HEIs depends on the longevity of the service learning in the institution, the number of programs that utilize service learning as a pedagogy, sustained commitment and persistence of the administrators, faculty and staff.
Os novíssimos movimentos sociais e as territorialidades políticas juvenis: pertencer, existir e resistir!
Authors: Pires Weissbock Lara , Da Silva Márcia
Published: January 2022

As transformações nos processos globais foram e são acompanhadas por distintas lutas sociais que têm como princípio básico a busca por reverter ou fazer frente à lógica hegemônica, as quais passaram a ocorrer de forma distinta a partir de 2010. Para tanto, investigamos sobre as territorialidades políticas juvenis, partindo da compreensão de que nos novíssimos movimentos sociais há uma intersecção e articulação entre as mobilizações que acontecem nos espaços online e nos físicos. Discute-se ainda sobre jovens, Geração # e Blockchain, bem como trabalhos de campo no movimento feminista em Barcelona e no Brasil, por questionários online e de entrevistas no Brasil em 2019. Pudemos inferir que a territorialidade política dos jovens está no movimento de lado vivido e atuante do poder/contrapoder, capturando o oculto nas relações entre sociedade, espaço, poder e indivíduos, nas suas individualidades e/ou coletividades. As suas territorialidades políticas está em pertencer, existir e resistir!
El contra-mapeo en el grado de educación social: una práctica crítica y atmosférica para repensar el espacio urbano
Authors: Gutiérrez-Ujaque Daniel , Jeyasingham Dharman
Published: January 2022

En los últimos años, las políticas neoliberales relativas a la educación superior han condicionado a las universidades a ser espacios mercantilistas, invisibilizando las diferencias étnico-culturales. Este artículo presenta una investigación de docencia universitaria realizada en el grado de educación social en una universidad española. El proyecto utilizó las contra-cartografías con el fin de visibilizar la dimensión cotidiana de las atmósferas del espacio urbano y, así, reflexionar críticamente sobre él. Se obtuvieron cuarenta y seis contra-cartografías a través de un enfoque visuales-sensorial y, estas, fueron analizadas a través del prisma de la pedagogía crítica. Los resultados evidencian cómo generar prácticas sociales situadas en un contexto sociocultural específico mejora la docencia y formación universitaria, posibilitando a los futuros educadores tomar consciencia de sus entornos y realidades sociales.
La expropiación de un barrio bajo: el síndrome de afectación
Authors: Dalmau Torvà Marc
Published: January 2022

A través del estudio de la destrucción de una barriada obrera de pasajes y casas bajas, la Colonia Castells de Barcelona, este artículo aborda el tema de la expropiación de la vivienda y sus efectos sobre las comunidades afectadas. Se trata de una aproximación a lo que se ha llamado síndrome de afectación, un proceso de desarticulación comunitaria y de descomposición de clase producido para facilitar y legitimar el desplazamiento forzado de las familias de clase trabajadora de los espacios urbanos de centralidad e impedir cualquier atisbo de resistencia al modo de acumulación y a la apropiación capitalista de la ciudad.
Geometric effects of plasmonic nanoscale heterostructures on infrared activity
Authors: Roper D. Keith , Thomson Caleb J.
Published: January 2022

Electron probes can resolve bright and dark optical modes at subwavelength scales to distinguish localized effects, e.g.,  those of composition and geometry, via energy loss measurements. In this work, electron energy loss spectra of a metal nanospheroid (NS) near a van der Waals material were simulated to show effects of NS shape and structure on plasmon and exciton energies. Hollowing or elongating the NS intensified and shifted its plasmon bright and dark mode energy losses. Simultaneous hollowing and elongation intensified and redshifted bifurcated bright modes more than adding effects of separate alterations, whereas the dark mode intensified additively and redshifted subadditively. Proximity to a transition metal dichalcogenide (TMD) nanodisk differentiated redshifting of bright modes (more) and dark (less) modes and fractured the modes across multiple spectral features. Some bright and dark mode energies were pinned at TMD exciton energies. Measured optical spectra exhibiting such effects corresponded to simulation. Only simultaneous hollowing and elongation above a TMD nanodisk redshifted primary components of each bright and dark mode entirely into the near-infrared (NIR) biological water window. Simulating energy electron loss spectra identifies nanoheterostructure geometry and composition that enhances bright- and dark-mode activity at biologically transparent NIR energies to potentiate bio/catalytic activity.
Comparative study of different optimization methods for single attosecond pulse generation with a two- or three-color gating scheme
Authors: Yang Ke , Du Jin-Xu , Wang Guo-Li , Jiao Zhi-Hong , Zhao Song-Feng , Zhou Xiao-Xin
Published: January 2022

The shaping of the waveform of a two- or three-color driving laser pulse is essential for generating an ultrashort isolated attosecond pulse (IAP) from high-order harmonic generation, which can be implemented in two different ways, i.e., direct coherent synthesizing of electric fields with appropriate parameters (wavelength, intensity, carrier envelope phase, time delay), and superposition of fields undergoing a spectral phase shaping in frequency space view, which additionally results in a chirp and pulse-width broadening. In this work, we perform a comparative study on the IAP generation with these two schemes by virtue of a genetic algorithm, and two very meaningful conclusions are clarified. First, weighing the advantages and disadvantages of the two methods, the width and strength of IAPs optimized from two schemes are basically the same. More optimization parameters in the second method of laser shaping do not show an advantage in shortening width or enhancing the intensity of the IAP compared with the first one. Second, in each case, one can get the shortest IAP when the carrier envelope phases for each spectral component are not required to be precisely controlled. This study provides useful theoretical guidance for generating a shorter IAP with multicolor gating in the experiment.
Efficiency adjustable terahertz circular polarization anomalous refraction and planar focusing based on a bi-layered complementary Z-shaped graphene metasurface
Authors: Zhu Xuzheng , Cheng Yongzhi , Chen Fu , Luo Hui , Ling Wu
Published: January 2022

Metasurfaces (MSs) have received great attention due to their wide application potentials in terahertz (THz) wavefront manipulation. Although great achievements have been obtained in MSs so far, the functionalities are almost static. The active adjustable MS-based devices are far less explored. In this paper, an efficiency adjustable MS composed of a dielectric substrate sandwiched with bi-layered complementary Z-shaped (CZS) structure graphene is proposed and investigated theoretically, which can control the THz circular polarization (CP) wavefront in transmission mode. The simulation results show that the MS structure under a Fermi energy level of 1.0 eV can realize CP conversion with efficiency of about 0.9, and the full range of a

2

π

phase shift also can be achieved by changing the rotation angle of the CZS structure graphene along the wave propagation direction. More importantly, the transmission CP conversion efficiency is positively correlated with the Fermi energy levels of graphene. The anomalous refraction and planar focusing effect can be realized by the specific design of a spatial phase profile of the graphene MS, and the corresponding efficiencies can be adjusted by changing the Fermi energy level of the graphene. Adjustable graphene MSs have wide application prospects in the fields of communication, imaging, and other THz wavefront manipulation devices.
High energy irradiation effects on silicon photonic passive devices
Authors: Zhou Yue , Bi Dawei , Wang Songlin , Wu Longsheng , Huang Yi , Zhang Enxia , Fleetwood Daniel M. , Wu Aimin
Published: January 2022

In this work, the radiation responses of silicon photonic passive devices built in silicon-on-insulator (SOI) technology are investigated through high energy neutron and 60Co γ-ray irradiation. The wavelengths of both micro-ring resonators (MRRs) and Mach-Zehnder interferometers (MZIs) exhibit blue shifts after high-energy neutron irradiation to a fluence of 1×1012 n/cm2; the blue shift is smaller in MZI devices than in MRRs due to different waveguide widths. Devices with SiO2 upper cladding layer show strong tolerance to irradiation. Neutron irradiation leads to slight changes in the crystal symmetry in the Si cores of the optical devices and accelerated oxidization for devices without SiO2 cladding. A 2-µm top cladding of SiO2 layer significantly improves the radiation tolerance of these passive photonic devices.
Practical continuous-variable quantum secret sharing using plug-and-play dual-phase modulation
Authors: Liao Qin , Liu Haijie , Gong Yupeng , Wang Zheng , Peng Qingquan , Guo Ying
Published: January 2022

Continuous-variable quantum secret sharing (CVQSS) allows a legitimate user, i.e., the dealer, to share a string of secret keys with multiple distant users. These users cannot individually recover the dealer’s secret key unless they work cooperatively. Although the theoretical security proof of CVQSS has been well established, its practical security and implementation still face challenges. In this paper, we suggest a practical scheme for CVQSS using plug-and-play (P&P) configuration and dual-phase-modulated coherent state (DPMCS). The proposed scheme, called P&P DPM-based CVQSS, waives the necessity that each user has to prepare respective coherent states with their own lasers, thereby eliminating synchronous loopholes caused by different lasers and reducing the complexity of deployment of the user’s stations. Moreover, the local oscillator (LO) can be generated locally by the dealer so that the whole CVQSS system could be naturally immune to all LO-aimed attacks. We derive the security bounds for P&P DPM-based CVQSS by properly making most of the existing security analysis techniques of continuous-variable quantum key distribution (CVQKD). In addition, an experimental concept of P&P DPM-based CVQSS is also presented, which can be deemed a guideline for future implementation.
Spectral broadening and a prospect for pulse compression of Yb:YAG thin-disk laser pulses by nonlinear SHG in a BBO crystal with time predelay and tilting of the pulse fronts
Authors: Duda Martin , Novák Ondřej , Cimrman Martin , Huynh Jaroslav , Smrž Martin , Mocek Tomáš
Published: January 2022

Pulse compression by second harmonic generation in a type II nonlinear optical crystal controlled by a time predelay of the faster input pulse is not simple to achieve high-average-power Yb:YAG lasers with wavelength of 1030 nm. The reason is that the borate nonlinear crystals with their excellent thermal properties do not have the optimal ratio of group velocities of the interacting pulses to achieve efficient pulse compression. We have changed the effective group velocities by tilting the pulse fronts at a diffraction grating and imaging the tilted 1.7 ps pulses into the 6 and 8.5 mm thick BBO crystals. As a result, we have measured significant spectral broadening to 4.5 nm, supporting pulses as short as 100 fs, with an energy conversion efficiency in excess of 20 %. The measured data correspond well with numerical simulations. This research opens a way to extend the range of possible applications of Yb:YAG high-average-power thin-disk lasers into the fs regime.
Effect of ion beam-assisted deposition on the end pumping and outer coupler filters of a laser fiber
Authors: Chiu Po-Kai , Chiang Donyau , Hsiao Chien-Nan , Chen Fong Zhi
Published: January 2022

Fiber lasers are powerful tools for metal processing. Fiber Bragg gratings at the ends of the fiber play an important role as a fully reflective mirror and light modulator for a specific wavelength. The common methods for the manufacture of fiber Bragg grating involve expensive ultraviolet lithography instruments and environmentally harmful chemicals to prepare the mask. A film coating method is proposed to prepare both end pumping and outer coupler ends of a fiber to function similar to a fiber Bragg grating. An electron gun, along with ion beam-assisted deposition (IAD), was used to produce end filters for end pumping and the outer coupler filter devices of a fiber used in a fiber laser. The optical performance is consistent with the calculated simulation results. Scanning electron microscopy results reveal a dense multilayer structure with distinct and unambiguous interfaces in the coated film using the IAD process while that without IAD is loose and pulverized structure. The film designed with electrical field reduction on the surface produced by the IAD process exhibits a higher laser damage threshold. The coated films produced by electron gun deposition with the aid of IAD provide an alternative method for end filters in the fiber of a fiber laser.
Experimental demonstration of the intracavity excitation of TE-guided modes
Authors: Shulga Aleksandr , Shilova Irina
Published: January 2022

The excitation of TE-guided modes in a planar waveguide by the intracavity radiation of a He-Ne laser was experimentally demonstrated. The excitation was performed using a new type of coupling prism of double internal reflection with the input-output faces inclined under the Brewster angle with respect to the intracavity radiation so as to reduce the intracavity reflection losses introduced by the coupling prism. Intracavity reflectance spectra were obtained.
Paternally expressed gene 3 (Pw1/Peg3) promotes sexual dimorphism in metabolism and behavior
Authors: Tanaka Karo , Besson Vanessa , Rivagorda Manon , Oury Franck , Marazzi Giovanna , Sassoon David A.
Published: January 2022

The paternally expressed gene 3 (Pw1/Peg3) is a mammalian-specific parentally imprinted gene expressed in stem/progenitor cells of the brain and endocrine tissues. Here, we compared phenotypic characteristics in Pw1/Peg3 deficient male and female mice. Our findings indicate that Pw1/Peg3 is a key player for the determination of sexual dimorphism in metabolism and behavior. Mice carrying a paternally inherited Pw1/Peg3 mutant allele manifested postnatal deficits in GH/IGF dependent growth before weaning, sex steroid dependent masculinization during puberty, and insulin dependent fat accumulation in adulthood. As a result, Pw1/Peg3 deficient mice develop a sex-dependent global shift of body metabolism towards accelerated adiposity, diabetic-like insulin resistance, and fatty liver. Furthermore, Pw1/Peg3 deficient males displayed reduced social dominance and competitiveness concomitant with alterations in the vasopressinergic architecture in the brain. This study demonstrates that Pw1/Peg3 provides an epigenetic context that promotes male-specific characteristics through sex steroid pathways during postnatal development.
Association of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations with risk of dementia among individuals with type 2 diabetes: A cohort study in the UK Biobank
Authors: Geng Tingting , Lu Qi , Wan Zhenzhen , Guo Jingyu , Liu Liegang , Pan An , Liu Gang
Published: January 2022

Background

Several epidemiological studies have suggested that vitamin D status is associated with risk of dementia in general populations. However, due to the synergistic effect between diabetic pathology and neuroinflammation, and the prothrombotic profile in patients with diabetes, whether vitamin D is associated with risk of dementia among patients with diabetes is unclear. This study aimed to investigate the associations of circulating vitamin D levels with risks of all-cause dementia, Alzheimer disease (AD), and vascular dementia (VD) among adults with type 2 diabetes (T2D).

Methods and findings

This study included 13,486 individuals (≥60 years) with T2D and free of dementia at recruitment (2006–2010) from the UK Biobank study. Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25[OH]D) concentrations were measured using the chemiluminescent immunoassay method at recruitment. Serum 25(OH)D ≥ 75 nmol/L was considered sufficient, according to the Endocrine Society Clinical Practice Guidelines. Incidence of all-cause dementia, AD, and VD cases was ascertained using electronic health records (EHRs). Each participant’s person-years at risk were calculated from the date of recruitment to the date that dementia was reported, date of death, date of loss to follow-up, or 28 February 2018, whichever occurred first. Among the 13,486 individuals with T2D (mean age, 64.6 years; men, 64.3%), 38.3% had vitamin D ≥ 50 nmol/L and only 9.1% had vitamin D ≥ 75 nmol/L. During a mean follow-up of 8.5 years, we observed 283 cases of all-cause dementia, including 101 AD and 97 VD cases. Restricted cubic spline analysis demonstrated a nonlinear relationship between serum 25(OH)D and risk of all-cause dementia (Pnonlinearity< 0.001) and VD (Pnonlinearity= 0.007), and the nonlinear association reached borderline significance for AD (Pnonlinearity= 0.06), with a threshold at around a serum 25(OH)D value of 50 nmol/L for all the outcomes. Higher serum levels of 25(OH)D were significantly associated with a lower risk of all-cause dementia, AD, and VD. The multivariate hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals for participants who had serum 25(OH)D ≥ 50 nmol/L, compared with those who were severely deficient (25[OH]D < 25 nmol/L), were 0.41 (0.29–0.60) for all-cause dementia (Ptrend< 0.001), 0.50 (0.27–0.92) for AD (Ptrend= 0.06), and 0.41 (0.22–0.77) for VD (Ptrend= 0.01). The main limitation of the current analysis was the potential underreporting of dementia cases, as the cases were identified via EHRs.

Conclusions

In this study, we observed that higher concentrations of serum 25(OH)D were significantly associated with a lower risk of all-cause dementia, AD, and VD among individuals with T2D. Our findings, if confirmed by replication, may have relevance for dementia prevention strategies that target improving or maintaining serum vitamin D concentrations among patients with T2D.
Occurrence of L1014F and L1014S mutations in insecticide resistant Culex quinquefasciatus from filariasis endemic districts of West Bengal, India
Authors: Rai Priyanka , Saha Dhiraj
Published: January 2022

Introduction

Lymphatic filariasis causes long term morbidity and hampers the socio-economic status. Apart from the available treatments and medication, control of vector population Culex quinquefasciatus Say through the use of chemical insecticides is a widely applied strategy. However, the unrestrained application of these insecticides over many decades has led to resistance development in the vectors.

Methods

In order to determine the insecticide susceptibility/resistance status of Cx. quinquefasciatus from two filariasis endemic districts of West Bengal, India, wild mosquito populations were collected and assayed against six different insecticides and presence of L1014F; L1014S kdr mutations in the voltage-gated sodium channel gene was also screened along with the use of synergists to evaluate the role of major detoxifying enzymes in resistance development.

Results

The collected mosquito populations showed severe resistance to insecticides and the two synergists used–PBO (piperonyl butoxide) and TPP (triphenyl phosphate), were unable to restore the susceptibility status of the vector thereupon pointing towards a minor role of metabolic enzymes. kdr mutations were present in the studied populations in varying percent with higher L1014F frequency indicating its association with the observed resistance to pyrethroids and DDT. This study reports L1014S mutation in Cx. quinquefasciatus for the first time.
Transmission patterns of Leishmania tropica around the Mediterranean basin: Could Morocco be impacted by a zoonotic spillover?
Authors: El Idrissi Saik Imane , Benlabsir Chaimaa , Fellah Hassan , Lemrani Meryem , Riyad Myriam
Published: January 2022

Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) due to Leishmania tropica is a neglected tropical disease characterized by a wide geographical distribution in the Mediterranean basin and is endemic in several of its countries. In addition, the vector Phlebotomus sergenti is abundantly present all around the basin. Its transmission cycle is still subject to debate. In some countries, the presence of an animal reservoir has been confirmed. In Morocco, CL due to L. tropica has risen since the 1980s and has spread widely to become the most abundant form of leishmaniasis in the territory. However, the anthroponotic transmission is so far the only recognized mode, despite recordings of L. tropica infection in animal hosts. In this review article, we assess the situation of CL due to L. tropica in the Mediterranean basin with a focus on Morocco and gather knowledge about any potential zoonotic transmission in the country. A concomitant zoonotic transmission could explain the persistence of the disease in areas where human protective measures combined with vector management did not help reduce the disease burden.