bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Classification of Google Play Store Application Reviews Using Machine Learning
Authors: Karim Abdul , Azhari Azhari , Alruily Meshrif , Aldabbas Hamza , Brahim Belhaouri Samir , Adil Qureshi Ali
Published: July 2020

Google play store allow the user to download a mobile application (app) and user get inspired by the rating and reviews of the mobile app. A recent study analyzes that user preferences, user opinion for improvement, user sentiment about particular feature and detail with descriptions of experiences are very useful for an application developer. However, many application reviews are very large and difficult to process manually. Star rating is given of the whole application and the developer cannot analyze the single feature. In this research, we have scrapped 282,231 user reviews through different data scraping techniques. We have applied the text classification on these user reviews. We have applied different algorithms and find the precision, accuracy, F1 score and recall. In evaluated results, we have to also find the best algorithm.
An Approach Towards Motion-Tolerant PPG-Based Algorithm for Real-Time Heart Rate Monitoring of Moving Pigs
Authors: Youssef Ali , Peña Fernández Alberto , Wassermann Laura , Biernot Svenja , Wittauer Eva-Maria , Bleich Andre , Hartung Joerg , Berckmans Daniel , Norton Tomas
Published: July 2020

Animal welfare remains a very important issue in the livestock sector but monitoring animal welfare in an objective and continuous way remains a serious challenge. Monitoring animal welfare based upon physiological measurements instead of audio-visual scoring of behaviour would be a step forward. One of the obvious physiological signals related to welfare and stress is heart rate. The objective of this research was to measure heart rate (beat per minutes) on pigs with technology that soon will be affordable. Affordable heart rate monitoring is done today at large scale on humans using the Photo Plethysmography (PPG) technology. We used PPG sensors on pig’s body to test whether it allows getting reliable heart rate signal. A continuous wavelet transform (CWT)-based algorithm is developed to decouple the cardiac pulse waves from the pig. Three different wavelets, namely 2nd, 4th and 6th order Derivative of Gaussian (DOG, are tested. We show results of the developed PPG-based algorithm against electrocardiograms (ECG) as a reference measure for heart rate and this for an anesthetized versus a non-anesthetised animal. We tested three different anatomical body positions (ear, leg and tail) and give results for each body position of the sensor. In summary, it can be concluded that the agreement between PPG-based heart rate technique and reference sensor goes from 91 to 95 percentage. In this paper we showed the potential of using the PPG-based technology to assess pig’s hear rate.
Role of TRP Channels in Shaping Gut Microbiome
Authors: Nagpal Ravinder , Mishra Santosh Kumar , Deep Gagan , Yadav Hariom
Published: July 2020

Transient receptor potential (TRP) channel family proteins are sensors for pain, which sense variety of thermal and noxious chemicals. Sensory neurons innervating the gut abundantly express TRPA1 and TRPV1 channels and are in close proximity of gut microbes. Emerging evidence indicates a bi-directional gut-brain cross-talk in several entero-neuronal pathologies; however, the direct evidence of TRP channels interacting with gut microbial populations is lacking. Herein, we examine whether and how the knockout (KO) of TRPA1 and TRPV1 channels individually or combined TRPA1/V1 double-knockout (dKO) impacts the gut microbiome in mice. We detect distinct microbiome clusters among the three KO mouse models versus wild-type (WT) mice. All three TRP-KO models have reduced microbial diversity, harbor higher abundance of Bacteroidetes, and reduced proportion of Firmicutes. Specifically distinct arrays in the KO models are determined mainly by S24-7, Bacteroidaceae, Clostridiales, Prevotellaceae, Helicobacteriaceae, Rikenellaceae, and Ruminococcaceae. A1KO mice have lower Prevotella, Desulfovibrio, Bacteroides, Helicobacter and higher Rikenellaceae and Tenericutes; V1KO mice demonstrate higher Ruminococcaceae, Lachnospiraceae, Ruminococcus, Desulfovibrio and Mucispirillum; while A1V1dKO mice exhibit higher Bacteroidetes, Bacteroides and S24-7 and lower Firmicutes, Ruminococcaceae, Oscillospira, Lactobacillus and Sutterella abundance. Also, the abundance of taxa involved in biosynthesis of lipids and primary and secondary bile acids is higher while that of fatty acid biosynthesis-associated taxa is lower in all KO groups. To our knowledge, this is the first study demonstrating distinct gut microbiome signatures in TRPA1, V1 and dKO models and should facilitate prospective studies exploring novel diagnostic/ therapeutic modalities regarding the pathophysiology of TRP channel proteins.
Bioguided Fractionation of Hypoglycaemic Component in Methanol Extract of Vernonia amygdalina: An In Vivo Study
Authors: Okoduwa Stanley Irobekhian Reuben , Umar Isma'ila A. , James Dorcas B. , Inuwa Hajiya M. , Habila James D. , Venditti Alessandro
Published: July 2020

Nine components (C1-C9) were isolated from chloroform fraction of fractionated methanol extracts of Vernonia amygdalina leaves (FMEVA) by column chromatography. All the components C1 to C9 were purified and screened for hypoglycaemic activities in type-2 diabetic rats. The most potent hypoglycaemic component was elucidated on the basis of extensive spectroscopic (1D-, 2D-NMR, GC-MS, FTIR) data analysis. The Component C5 was found to be the most potent hypoglycaemic in reducing blood glucose by 12.55 ± 3.55% at 4 h post-oral administration, when compared to the positive (18.07 ± 1.20%) and negative (-1.99 ± 0.43%) controls. The spectroscopic data analysis reveals that the isolated compound has a structure consistent with 11β,13-dihydrovernolide. The isolated compound is part of the hypoglycaemic components present in V. amygdalina leaves that is responsible for the anti-diabetic activities. Further research is needed in the development of this compound or its derivatives for pharmaceutical use.
A Privacy-Preserving Fully Homomorphic Encryption and Parallel Computation Based Biometric Data Matching
Authors: Catak Ferhat Ozgur , Yildirim Yayilgan Sule , Abomhara Mohamed
Published: July 2020

One of the most reliable methods of authentication used today is biometric matching. This authentication process, which is done by using biometrics information such as fingerprint, iris, face, etc. is used in many application areas. Authentication at border gates is one of these areas. However, some restrictions have been introduced to storing and using such data, especially with the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR). The main goal of this work is to find the practical implementation of fully homomorphic encryption-based biometric matching in border controls. In this paper, we propose a biometric authentication system based on hash expansion and fully homomorphic encryption features, considering these restrictions. One of the most significant drawbacks of the homomorphic encryption method is the long execution time. We solved this problem by executing the matching algorithm in parallel manner. The proposed scheme is implemented as proof-of-concept in the SMILE, and its advantages in privacy preservation has been demonstrated.
Прототип раздела эпидемиологического атласа «Мониторинг заболеваемости COVID-19»
Authors: Побединский Геннадий , Сарсков Станислав , Вьюшков Михаил
Published: July 2020

Разработкой в рамках ГИС «Эпидемиологический атлас Российской Федерации» тематического раздела атласа «Мониторинг заболеваемости COVID-19» является предоставление информации с детализацией до улицы и дома, что дает возможность оценивать эпидемиологическую ситуацию в конкретной местности, знать активные эпидемиологические очаги и проводить на основе оперативного эпидемиологического анализа необходимые санитарно-эпидемиологические мероприятия.
Onset and remission of common mental disorders among adults living in temporary housing for three years after the triple disaster in Northeast Japan: comparisons with the general population
Authors: Kawakami Norito , Fukasawa Maiko , Sakata Kiyomi , Suzuki Ruriko , Tomita Hiroaki , Nemoto Harumi , Yasumura Seiji , Yabe Hirooki , Horikoshi Naoko , Umeda Maki , Suzuki Yuriko , Shimoda Haruki , Tachimori Hisateru , Takeshima Tadashi , Bromet Evelyn J
Published: July 2020

Background: People living in temporary housing for long periods after a disaster are at risk of poor mental health. This study investigated the post-disaster incidence and remission of common mental disorders among adults living in temporary housing for the three years following the 2011 Great East Japan Earthquake.Methods: Three years after the disaster, face-to-face interviews were conducted with 1,089 adult residents living in temporary housing in the disaster area, i.e., the shelter group, and a random sample of 852 community residents from non-disaster areas of East Japan. The World Health Organization Composite International Diagnostic Interview was used to diagnose DSM-IV mood, anxiety, and alcohol use disorders. Information on demographic variables and disaster experiences was also collected. Results: Response rates were 49% and 46% for the shelter group and the community residents, respectively. The incidence of mood/anxiety disorder in the shelter group was elevated only in the first year post-disaster compared to that of the general population. The rate of remission for mood and anxiety disorders was significantly lower in the shelter group than in the community residents. The proportion seeking medical treatment was higher in the shelter group.Conclusions: The onset of common mental disorders increased in the first year, but then levelled off in the following years among residents in temporary housing after the disaster. Remission from incident post-disaster mental disorders was slower in the shelter group than in the general population. Post-disaster mental health service could consider the greater incidence in the first year and prolonged remission of mental disorders among survivors with a long-term stay in temporary housing after a disaster.
The pattern and magnitude of Dietary Free Sugar (DFS) consumption and dental caries in school children: A systematic review
Authors: Pakdaman A , Zeinab Mahboobi , Reza Yazdani , Leila Azadbakht
Published: July 2020

The authors have withdrawn this preprint due to author disagreement.
Spatial Differences of Overweight and Obesity among Schoolchildren in Shandong Province, China
Authors: Han Lizhen , Fu Maosun , Liu Yihua , Jia Jinzhu , Wang Lu
Published: July 2020

Background: Overweight and obesity are becoming a big issue in Shandong province. Based on the big data of children and adolescents in Shandong province, we try to explore the spatial differences and explain the causes of this phenomenon, so as to provide suggestions and data support for solving related problems in similar areas. Methods: The sample came from Shandong province's physical examination data in 2017. A total of 10.27 million schoolchildren aged 6-18 years were included. ArcGIS software (hot spot analysis) was used to explore the spatial differences, and regional influencing factors were analyzed by multinomial logistic regression.Results: The prevalence of overweight and obesity among schoolchildren aged 6-18 years were 17.93% and 6.79%, respectively. Moreover, boys/girls, urban/rural areas both showed that the former rate was higher than the latter, and the 9-11 age group was confirmed to have the highest prevalence. Regional distribution illustrated that, in Shandong province, the areas with high prevalence of overweight and obesity were mainly concentrated in the central, northern and eastern parts, and the hot spot clusters were located in Yantai and Weihai, while the low-value areas were aggregated in the western (boys) and southern (girls) regions. Further exploration revealed that total retail sales of consumer goods (CGTRS) and per capita disposable income (PCDI) were confirmed as risk factors for regional obesity level.Conclusions: The spatial difference of overweight and obesity is statistically significant between the eastern region (high value cluster) and the western region (low value cluster), and it is influenced by some regional factors, suggesting that for a few regions, relevant department should pay more attention to this phenomenon. More education on this problem should be done to make people know more about health, and more researches should be done to see what intervention could solve this problem.
Constructing a malaria-related health service readiness index and assessing its association with malaria mortality in under 5-year-old children in Burkina Faso
Authors: Millogo Ourohiré , Doamba Jean Edouard Odilon , Sié Ali , Utzinger Juerg , vounatsou penelope
Published: July 2020

Background: The Service Availability and Readiness Assessment (SARA) surveys generate data on the readiness of health facility services. We constructed a readiness index related to malaria services and determined the association between health facility malaria readiness and malaria mortality in children under the age of 5 years in Burkina Faso.Methods: Data on inpatients visits and malaria-related deaths in under 5-year-old children were extracted from the national Health Management Information System (HMIS) in Burkina Faso. Bayesian geostatistical models with variable selection were fitted to malaria mortality data. The most important facility readiness indicators related to general and malaria-specific services were determined. Multiple correspondence analysis (MCA) was used to construct a composite facility readiness score based on multiple factorial axes. The analysis was carried out separately for 112 medical centres and 546 peripheral health centres.Results: Malaria mortality rate in medical centres was 4.8 times higher than that of peripheral health centres (3.46% vs. 0.72%, p<0.0001). Essential medicines was the domain with the lowest readiness (only 0.1% of medical centres and 0% of peripheral health centres had the whole set of tracer items of essential medicines). Basic equipment readiness was the highest. The composite readiness score explained 30% and 53% of the original set of items for medical centres and peripheral health centres, respectively. Mortality rate ratio (MRR) was by 59% (MRR = 0.41, 95% Bayesian credible interval (BCI): 0.19-0.91) lower in the high readiness group of peripheral health centres, compared to the low readiness group. Medical centres readiness was not related to malaria mortality. The geographical distribution of malaria mortality rate indicate that regions with health facilities with high readiness show lower mortality rates.Conclusion: Performant health services in Burkina Faso are associated with lower malaria mortality rates. Health system readiness should be strengthened in the regions of Sahel, Sud-Ouest and Boucle du Mouhoun. Emphasis should be given to improving the management of essential medicines and to reducing delays of emergency transportation between the different levels of the health system.
The association between serotonin-related gene polymorphisms and susceptibility and early sertraline response in patients with panic disorder
Authors: Zou Zhili , Huang Yulan , Wang Jinyu , Min Wenjiao , Zhou Bo
Published: July 2020

Background: A number of studies have shown that genetic factor plays an important role in etiology of panic disorder (PD). The aim of the present study was to examine the association of serotonin-related gene polymorphisms with PD risk. Then, we analyzed the correlation between these gene polymorphisms and response to sertraline drug. Methods: 233 patients with PD and 231 healthy controls were enrolled in the study. Panic Disorder Severity Scale (PDSS) were administered to all subjects, and all patients in the study were also assessed after 4 weeks of treatment. The SLC6A4(rs140701, rs3813034, 5-HTTLPR and STin2), 5-HTR1A rs6295, 5-HTR2A rs6313 and COMT rs4680 gene polymorphisms were genotyped and assessed for the potential association. Results: The allelic model showed that the SLC6A4 rs140701 polymorphism variant was significantly associated with increased risk of PD (OR = 0.624, 95 % CI 0.450-0.864, p <0.05), and a significant result was found in the dominant model (OR = 0.546; 95% CI, 0.371-0.804, p <0.05). There was a significant difference in allele and genotype frequency between responders and nonresponders in the 5-HTTLPR polymorphism (OR = 0.205, 95 % CI 0.128-0.328; OR = 0.249, 95 % CI 0.155-0.401, both p <0.001), indicating the PD patients with S-allele had a poorer response to sertraline than L-allele carriers. Conclusion s : The present study suggests that the SLC6A4 rs140701 polymorphism variant may be associated with susceptibility to PD, and 5-HTTLPR polymorphism may be a predictor of response to sertraline in the treatment of PD.
Factors distinguishing invasive from pre-invasive adenocarcinoma presenting as pure ground glass pulmonary nodules
Authors: Yang Huan-Huan , Lv Yi-Lv , Fan Xing-Hai , Ai Zhi-Yong , Xu Xiu-Chun , Ye Bo , Hu Ding-zhong
Published: July 2020

Background: To investigate predictors of pathological invasiveness and prognosis of lung adenocarcinoma in patients with pure ground-glass nodules (pGGNs). Methods: Clinical and computed tomography (CT) features of invasive adenocarcinomas (IACs) and pre-IACs were retrospectively compared in 641 consecutive patients with pGGNs and confirmed lung adenocarcinomas who had undergone postoperative CT follow-up. Potential predictors of prognosis were investigated in these patients. Results: Of 659 pGGNs in 641 patients, 258 (39.1%) were adenocarcinomas in situ, 265 (40.2%) were minimally invasive adenocarcinomas, and 136 (20.6%) were IACs. Respective optimal cutoffs for age, serum carcinoembryonic antigen concentration, maximal diameter, mean diameter, and CT density for distinguishing pre‑IACs from IACs were 53 years, 2.19 ng/mL, 10.78 mm, 10.09 mm, and −582.28 Hounsfield units (HU). Univariable analysis indicated that sex, age, maximal diameter, mean diameter, CT density, and spiculation were significant predictors of lung IAC. In multivariable analysis age, maximal diameter, and CT density were significant predictors of lung IAC. During a median follow-up of 41 months no pGGN IACs recurred. Conclusions: pGGNs may be lung IACs, especially in patients aged > 55 years with lesions that are > 1 cm in diameter and exhibit CT density > −600 HU. pGGN IACs of < 3 cm in diameter have good post-resection prognoses.
Can posterior stand-alone expandable cages safely restore lumbar lordosis? A minimum 5-year follow-up study
Authors: Kim Seung-Kook , Elbashier Ogeil Mubarak , Lee Su-chan , Choi Woo-jin
Published: July 2020

Background: Lumbar lordosis (LL) can be restored, and screw-related complications may be avoided with the stand-alone expandable cage method. However, the long-term spinopelvic changes and safety remain unknown. We aimed to elucidate the long-term radiologic outcomes and safety of this technique. Methods: Data from patients who underwent multi-level stand-alone expandable cage fusion and 80 patients who underwent screw-assisted fusion between February 2007 and December 2012, with at least 5 years of follow-up, were retrospectively analyzed. Segmental angle and translation, short and whole LL, pelvic incidence, pelvic tilt, sacral slope (SS), sagittal vertical axis, thoracic kyphosis, and presence of subsidence, pseudoarthrosis, retropulsion, cage breakage, proximal junctional kyphosis (PJK), and screw malposition were assessed. The relationship between local, lumbar, and spinopelvic effects was investigated. The implant failure rate was considered a measure of procedure effectiveness and safety. Results: In total, 69 cases were included in the stand-alone expandable cage group and 150 cases in the control group. The stand-alone group showed shorter operative time (58.48±11.10 versus 81.43±13.75, P=.00028), lower rate of PJK (10.1% versus 22.5%, P=.03), and restoration of local angle (4.66±3.76 versus 2.03±1.16, P=.000079) than the control group. However, sagittal balance (0.01±2.57 versus 0.50 ±2.10, P=.07) was not restored, and weakness showed higher rate of subsidence (16.31% versus 4.85 %, P=.0018), pseudoarthrosis (9.92% versus 2.42%, P=.02), cage, and retropulsion (3.55% versus 0, P=.01) than the control group.Conclusions: Stand-alone expandable cage fusion can restore local lordosis; however, global sagittal balance was not restored. Furthermore, implant safety has not yet been proven.
Financial reimbursement - Irrelevant for GPs' readiness to implement brief intervention to reduce alcohol consumption? A cross-sectional vignette study.
Authors: Fankhaenel Thomas , Schulz Katrin , Petersen Lars Eric , Klement Andreas , Frese Thomas
Published: July 2020

BACKGROUND: General Practitioners' (GPs) readiness to implement screening and brief intervention (SBI) to treat patients with excessive alcohol consumption is low. Several studies identified crucial barriers such as insufficient financial reimbursement. In contrast to the barriers-account, we assume that low implementation readiness of GPs may be less attributed to external barriers but rather more so to inherent characteristics of SBI. To test our assumption, we conducted a vignette study assessing the GPs' readiness to implement SBI in comparison to a pharmacological intervention also designed for the treatment of excessive drinkers in relation to standard or above-standard financial reimbursement. According to our hypothesis GPs should be less ready to implement SBI regardless of financial reimbursement. METHODS: A convenience sample of GPs was recruited to answer the questionnaire. To assess the GPs' implementation readiness a 4-item 6-point Likert scale was developed and pretested. RESULTS: One hundred forty GPs completed the questionnaire. GPs were more ready to implement the pharmacological intervention than SBI, F (1,132)=27.58, p >.001 (main effect). We found no effect for financial reimbursement, F (1,132)=3.60, ns , and no interaction effect, F (1,132)=2.20, ns . CONCLUSIONS: Further research should investigate more thoroughly the crucial characteristics of SBI to initiate a modification process finally leading to more effective primary care dependency prevention.
A novel tsRNA-16902 regulating the adipogenicdifferentiation of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells
Authors: Wang Tao , Mei Jun , Li Xing-nuan , Xu Xiao-yuan , Ma Bai-cheng , Li Wei-dong
Published: July 2020

Background: Transfer RNA-derived small RNAs (tsRNAs) are a recently discovered form of non-coding RNA capable of regulating myriad physiological processes. The role of tsRNAs in hMSC adipogenic differentiation, however, remains incompletely understood. The purpose of this study was to identify the novel tsRNA-16902 as a regulator of hMSC adipogenic differentiation.Methods: In this study we conducted transcriptomic sequencing of hMSCs after inducing their adipogenic differentiation, and we were thereby able to clarify the molecular mechanism underlying the role of tsRNA-16902 in this context via a series of molecular biology methods. Results: When we knocked down tsRNA-16902 expression, this impaired hMSC adipogenic differentiation and associated marker gene expression. Bioinformatics analyses further revealed tsRNA-16902 to target retinoic acid receptor γ (RARγ). Luciferase reporter assays also confirmed the ability of tsRNA-16902 to bind to the RARγ 3’-untranslated region. Consistent with this, RARγ overexpression led to impaired hMSC adipogenesis. Further analyses additionally revealed that Smad2/3 phosphorylation as increased in cells that either overexpressed RARγ or in which tsRNA-16902 had been knocked down. We also assessed the adipogenic differentiation of hMSCs in which tsRNA-16902 was knocked down and at the same time a Smad2/3 inhibitor was added to disrupt Smad2/3 phosphorylation. The adipogenic differentiation of hMSCs in which tsRNA-16902 was knocked down was further enhanced upon the addition of a Smad2/3 signaling inhibitor relative to tsRNA-16902 knockdown alone.Conclusions: Through a comprehensive profiling analysis of tsRNAs that were differentially expressed in the context of hMSC adipogenic differentiation, we were able to identify tsRNA-16902 as a previously uncharacterized regulator of adipogenesis. tsRNA-16902 is able to regulate hMSC adipogenic differentiation by targeting RARγ via the Smad2/3 signaling pathway. Together our results may thus highlight novel strategies of value for treating obesity.
Investigation of Leishmania infection and blood sources analysis in Phlebotomus chinensis (Diptera: Psychodidae) along extension region of the Loess Plateau, China
Authors: Chen Hanming , Chen Huiying , Tao Feng , Gao Jingpeng , Li Kaili , Shi Hua , Peng Heng , Ma Yajun
Published: July 2020

Background Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) was one of the most important parasitic diseases in China, caused by Leishmania protozoans and transmitted by sand flies. Recently VL cases have reappeared in China, including the extension region of the Loess Plateau . The purpose of this study was trying to reveal the reason of reappearance to the developing the prevention and control measures. Methods Sand flies were collected by light traps from rural areas in Shanxian, Henan, China in 2015, as well as in Wuxiang and Yangquan, Shanxi, China in 2017. The blood sources of sand flies were analyzed by PCR detecting the host-specific mitochondrial cytochrome b (mtDNA Cyt b ) gene fragments. Leishmania infection in sand flies was detected by amplifying and sequencing ribosomal DNA internal transcribed spacer 1 ( ITS1 ). The Leishmania specific antibodies in the sera of local dogs were detected by ELISA kit. Results Blood sources showed diversity in the extension region of the Loess Plateau, including human, chicken, dog, cattle, pig and goat. Multiple blood sources within a sand fly were observed in samples from Yangquan (17/118, 14.4%) and Wuxiang (12/108, 11.1%). Leishmania DNA was detected in sand flies collected from Yangquan with minimum infection rate of 1.00%. The ITS1 sequences were conserved with the Leishmania donovani complex. The positive rate of Leishmania specific antibodies in dogs was 5.97%. Conclusion This study detected the blood sources and Leishmania parasites infection of sand flies by molecular methods in the extension region of Loess Plateau, China. A high epidemic risk of leishmaniasis is currently indicated by the results as the infection of Leishmania in sand flies, the extensive blood sources of sand flies including humans, and positive antibody of Leishmania in local dog sera. Given the recent increase of VL cases, asymptomatic patients, dogs and other potential infected animals should be screened and treated. Furthermore, the density of sand flies needs to be controlled and personal protection should be strengthened.
Negative Histology in Cervical Specimens Obtained With the “see and Treat” Method in Women at a Referral Center in Rio De Janeiro, Brazil – A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Teodoro Renata Pereira , Scherrer Danielle , Camargo Maria José de , Costa Ana , Andrade Cecília Vianna de , RUSSOMANO FABIO BASTOS
Published: July 2020

Background

According to the Brazilian Guidelines on Cervical Cancer Screening, women with cytopathologic diagnosis of high-grade intraepithelial lesion, abnormal colposcopic findings, fully visible squamocolumnar junction, and age 25 years or older should be treated at the first visit (“see and treat – S&T”). The main limitation to this approach is the risk of overtreatment, identified by histology without preinvasive lesion. This study aimed to measure the negative histology rate in women submitted to S&T according to the Brazilian Guidelines.
Methods

This was a cross-sectional study that analyzed records from a database with 616 women submitted to S&T from 1996 to 2017. Negative histology was defined as the following histopathologic results: HPV without CIN, inflammatory, low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (LSIL), and CIN 1.
Results

Of the 616 women, there were 52 (8.44% − 95%CI 6.25–10.64%) with a histopathologic report without preinvasive cervical lesion. No statistical association was found between this outcome and younger ages or a significant downward trend over time.
Conclusion

The overtreatment rate in this study can be considered low and consistent with the acceptable rates reported in the literature, reinforcing the prevailing Brazilian guideline, in which the benefits of immediate treatment outweigh the risk of losses following biopsy.
Intervertebral disc vacuum phenomenon is associated with Modic changes in the adjacent endplate: implications for discogenic back pain
Authors: Liu Junhui , Xiang Yufeng , Shan Zhi , Fan Shunwu , Zhao Fengdong
Published: July 2020

Background: Back pain often arises from degenerative changes in lumbar intervertebral discs and their adjacent endplates. A painful endplate is not easy to identify in patients, but it could be possibly revealed by inflammatory-like ‘Modic’ changes and by a ‘vacuum phenomenon’ within the disc. We hypothesize that Modic changes and a VP often co-exist in those lumbar levels most closely associated with back pain. Methods: We scanned 1023 consecutive inpatients of the Department of Orthopaedics from 2015 August to 2018 August, all patients suffered from lumbar degenerative diseases. Whether the patients had back pain or not were evaluated, and the prevalence and location of vacuum phenomenon(VP) and Modic changes were compared at each spinal level. Results: 5115 discs were studied from 1023 patients. The number of discs showed to have a VP was 430 using CT. Of the 430 discs with a CT-diagnosed VP, 116 were L4-5, and 171 were L5-S1. 522 of the 5115 discs exhibited Modic changes, with the prevalence of type I, type II and type III Modic changes being 1.6%, 8.2% and 0.4% respectively. Modic changes usually occurred adjacent to L4-5 discs or L5-S1 discs. The prevalence of back pain was higher in the VP group than no-VP group, VP were significantly associated with Modic changes Type II at L4/5 and at L5/S1.Conclusion: VP are closely associated with back pain and Modic changes in the lower lumbar spine. Further investigations may be warranted when radiographs or CT identify a VP in a lumbar disc.
The Prevalence of Atherosclerosis and Related Factors in Both Types of Premature Ejaculation (Acquired and Lifelong) in Men
Authors: Azab Sherif Salah , Farag Mohamed Abdelfatah
Published: July 2020

Background: investigate the prevalence and The related factors between the two types of premature ejaculation (lifelong PE[LPE], acquired PE [APE] in men and atherosclerosis. Methods: One hundred patients complaining of PE and 100 control subjects were enrolled in this prospective study.All cases underwent a full medical history and Clinical examination.Blood pressure,serum lipid profile, testosterone,and Body mass index (BMI) were measured.The Arabic index of premature ejaculation (AIPE) and self-estimated (IELT) Intravaginal latency time was used for PE evaluation. Atherosclerosis was diagnosed by measuring the Carotid artery intima-media thickness (CIMT). Patients were divided into two major groups, (Group 1) [PE group] and (Group 2) [Control group]. Results: The mean age of cases in (group1) and (group 2) were 44.5 ± 11.7 versus 42.3 ± 10.8 yrs. The Systolic BP, diastolic (BP), Serum Triglycerides, serum LDL (BMI), the prevalence of atherosclerosis and smoking rate showed higher results in (group1) compared to group2, with significant difference (p<0.001). The IELT was significantly lower in group1 (2.67± 1.25) compared to group2 (3.77±1.52), (p<0.001). The prevalence of APE (74%) was significantly higher than LPE (26%) in group1(p<0.001). regression analysis revealed that patients with APE showed more comorbidities than LPE patients concerning the prevalence of atherosclerosis, hypertension, and hyperlipidemia (p<0.001 for all items).Both of APE and LPE were significantly related to age>35y, BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2, smoking, Bl pressure and hyperlipidemia (p<0.001 for all factors).Conclusions: Both types of PE,predominately the APE type,are associated with atherosclerosis, hypertension, and hyperlipidemia. The APE type reported more prevalence than the LPE.
Contraceptive Needs and Fertility Intentions of Women With Breast Cancer in Cape Town, South Africa: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Harries Jane , Constant Deborah , Cairncross Lydia , Moodley Jennifer
Published: July 2020

Background:
No known studies have been undertaken in South Africa exploring the contraceptive and fertility needs and preferences of women of reproductive age (18–49) diagnosed with breast cancer. This study set out to understand the contraceptive needs and fertility intentions of women with breast cancer in Cape Town, South Africa.
Methods:
Qualitative in-depth interviews were conducted with 24 women diagnosed with breast cancer and 4 health care providers at a tertiary hospital in Cape Town, South Africa. We explored contraceptive use prior to diagnosis; the impact of breast cancer on future fertility intentions and contraceptive use; understanding of suitable contraceptive methods during and after treatment and women’s fertility related counseling needs during their continuum of care. Data were analysed using a thematic analysis approach.
Results:
Since being diagnosed with breast cancer, of those women using a contraceptive method, the non-hormonal intrauterine device (IUD) was the most commonly used method. However, women reported receiving limited information from health care providers about contraceptive use and future fertility planning post treatment when fertility desires might change. Many women reported limited information received from healthcare providers about the impact of cancer treatment on their future fertility. Most women did not receive information around fertility preservation options, and few were familiar with the concept. Providers focus was more on preventing pregnancy during treatment and ensuring a patient was on a non-hormonal contraceptive method. Providers supported a more holistic, multidisciplinary approach to breast cancer patient’s contraceptive and future fertility needs.
Conclusions:
Limited contraceptive and future fertility counseling were reported by women despite many women being provided with the IUD. There is a need for improved information and counseling regarding the impact of treatment on contraceptive and fertility options. It is important that cancer care providers provide timely information regarding fertility options and communicate with patients about their fertility concerns prior to treatment and throughout the course of survivorship. The development of evidence-based information tools to enhance patient- provider communication and counseling could address knowledge gaps.
Risk factors for mechanical failure of proximal femoral nail anti-rotation (PFNA–II) in the treatment of intertrochanteric fractures (AO/OTA 31-A1, A2)
Authors: Nie Shaobo , Ji Hui , li ming , yang di , Qi Yeqing , lei mingxing , tang peifu , zhang zhuo , Zhang Licheng
Published: July 2020

Background: Intertrochanteric fracture is associated with severe morbidity and mortality. The results of postoperative implant failure are catastrophic. The aim of this study was to determine risk factors for implant failure in intertrochanteric fractures treated with proximal femoral nail anti-rotation (PFNA–II) through the assessment of early therapeutic effects.Methods: A single-center retrospective study was conducted on a continuous series of 123 intertrochanteric fracture patients treated with PFNA-II between Dec 2018 and Oct 2019. Perioperative medical and imaging data were collected. The patients were divided into two groups according to whether implant failure of not. The differences in reduction quality, nail length and tip apex distance (TAD) were analyzed to determine the risk factors of implant failure.Results: A total of 80 patients were enrolled, with an average age of 80.2 years old. There were 6 patients with implant failure. There was no significant difference in demographic index between the two groups. The reduction quality of failure group was good, accept and poor with each 2 patients, and that of the non-failure group was 35, 35 and 4 patients respectively. The difference of reduction quality between the two groups was statistically significant. The risk of postoperative implant failure in patients with poor reduction quality was 8.75 times that of patients with good and acceptable reduction from the Logistic regression analysis（OR=8.75，95%CI 1.215-62.99）. The differences in nail length, ASA and bone quality were not statistically significant. Conclusion: Reduction quality is a risk factor of implant failure in intertrochanteric fractures treated with PFNA-II. Even if the medial femoral cortex is anatomically reduced, there will be a triangular void area between the nail and the medial femur, which are prone to coxa vara and implant failure. Therefore, good reduction is the key to treat intertrochanteric fracture.
Habitual Dietary Intakes of Fat were Associated with Apelin Gene Expression in Visceral and Subcutaneous Adipose Tissues
Authors: Yuzbashian Emad , Zarkesh Maryam , Asghari Golaleh , Hedayati Mehdi , Mirmiran Parvin , Khalaj Alireza , Safarian Mohammad
Published: July 2020

Background: The aim of the present study was to investigate the association of habitual intake of total fatty acids, saturated-, monounsaturated-, polyunsaturated fatty acids, n-3, n-6, and n-9 fatty acids with apelin gene expression in visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissue. Methods: We obtained visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissues from 179 participants (71 non-obese and 105 obese), who had undergone open abdominal surgery. Dietary intake information was gathered with a valid and reliable food frequency questionnaire. The mRNA expression of apelin gene was analyzed by Real-Time PCR. Results: Apelin gene expression was found to be more increased in subcutaneous and visceral adipose tissues in obese than in non-obese participants. Dietary intake of n-3 and polyunsaturated fatty acids was associated with apelin gene expression in subcutaneous and visceral adipose tissues among all categories of weight status after adjusting for total energy intake. Among obese individuals, visceral adipose tissue apelin mRNA levels were associated with total fat intake. Conclusion: Higher apelin gene expression in adipocytes had an association with habitual intake of total fat and n-3 fatty acids in obese and non-obese individuals, indicating a determinative role of quality and quantity of fatty acid intake in a regular diet in adipose tissue adipokine.
BTG1 inhibits malignancy as a novel prognosis signature in endometrial carcinoma
Authors: Li Yibing , Huo Jianing , He Junjian , Zhang Yunzheng , Ma Xiaoxin
Published: July 2020

Background Endometrial carcinoma (EC) is one of the three major malignant tumors of the female reproductive system. In recent years, the incidence and mortality rate of EC have increased. B-cell translocation gene 1 (BTG1) is an anti-proliferation gene that regulates the occurrence and development of a variety of tumors, but there is no research regarding this gene in EC. Methods Based on The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database, we used a variety of bioinformatics tools and databases to explore the expression and prognosis of BTG1. We verified expression and prognosis of BTG1 in EC using qRT-PCR and analyzed the relevant clinicopathological parameters. We functionally enriched BTG1 and related genes in EC patients through the bioinformatics website and analyzed miRNA targets of BTG1 and interacting protein networks. Cell proliferation, wound healing, transwell invasion, and cell apoptosis assays were used to detect the effects of BTG1 on the malignant biological behavior of endometrial carcinoma cells (ECCs). The effect of BTG1 on the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) process was detected using western blot. Results We analyzed the expression and prognosis of BTG1 based on TCGA and found that low expression of BTG1 was associated with poor EC prognosis. The qRT-PCR suggested that BTG1 had low expression in EC. BTG1 expression was significantly correlated with overall survival (OS) shortening. Clinicopathological analysis suggested that expression of BTG1 was related to invasion depth and the International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) stage. EC pathological tissue type, fertility history, lymphatic metastasis, menopause, estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), and age of diagnosis were not related. Functional enrichment analysis showed that BTG1 plays an important role in regulating embryonic development, tumorigenesis, apoptosis, and cell cycle. Biological behavior experiments suggest that BTG1 inhibits proliferation, migration, and invasion of ECCs, and promotes apoptosis of ECCs. Western blot indicated that BTG1 inhibited the EMT process of ECCs. Conclusions BTG1 plays an important role in the occurrence and development of EC. BTG1, as a tumor suppressor gene, shows low expression in EC, which can inhibit malignant biological behavior and EMT process of ECCs. In addition, BTG1 can be used as a potential prognostic biomarker for EC.
Health risks among women desiring pregnancy within one year: a cross-sectional study in Maharashtra India
Authors: Gothankar Jayashree Sachin , Doke Prakash , Palkar Sonali , Chutke Amruta , Patil Archana , Pore Prasad , Narula Arvinder Pal Singh , Deshpande Aniruddha , Bhuyan Khanindra , Karnataki Madhusudan , Shrotri Aparna
Published: July 2020

Background Health of women during preconception phase though critical is comparatively ignored period in her life cycle. Presence of health risks are judged as hazardous to well-being of women and her forthcoming progeny. The objective of the study was to measure the prevalence of health risks and its comparison between blocks.Methods A cross sectional study was conducted in two tribal and two non-tribal blocks in Nasik district, Maharashtra, India. Currently married women desiring conception within one year were included as study participants. Sample size was estimated to be 6,951. Data was collected by trained Accredited Social Health Activists using validated interview schedule. Anthropometric measures of women were recorded in standard manner. Body Mass Index criteria were used to assess the nutritional status.Results Mean age of women was 23.19 ± 3.71 years and 16% of them were adolescents. Illiteracy rate was higher in tribal than non-tribal women. Commonest reported occupation was farming. Despite being high parity and gravida status more tribal women desired pregnancy. Substance abuse was high among tribal women. Majority of women consumed meal with family members or with husband. Although 35% of women had low consumption of protein and calorie, yet most of them perceived to have abundant food.Conclusion Health risks namely younger age, illiteracy, farming with moderate to high-intensity work, high parity, low consumption of protein and calories and undernutrition were found to be prevalent and the risks were significantly more among tribal women. “Continuum of care” must include preconception care.
Trends in 10-Year Cardiovascular Disease Risk Among Adults in The United States From 1999–2016
Authors: Yang Fang , Pu Liyuan , Sun Mengzi , Wang Min , Li Shuo , Sun Chong , Wang Xiaowei , Guo Feng , Guo Xuecan , Li Jiagen , Yao Yan , Tao Yuchun , Jin Lina
Published: July 2020

Objective: People have high 10-year cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk should take measures to prevent CVD. Thus, to know which subgroups of the population have high CVD risk is important. This study found out trends and risk factor of CVD risk in the US population.Methods: The population aged 30 years and older who were not diagnosed with CVD came from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (NHANES) in this study, n=35196. Logistic regression models were used to analyze the trends of CVD risk and estimate association between risk factor and CVD risk.Results: The estimated rate of CVD risk > 10% changed from 1999 to 2016 (from 42.2% to 47.7% for males, from 24.7% to 23.9% for females). The estimated rate increased in males over time (P for trend =0.001), while it was stable in females. Males who did not participate in vigorous recreational activity, the estimated rate of CVD risk> 10% significantly increased (P for trend <0.001). The estimated rate of CVD risk >10%, 20% and 30% increased with BMI level in males in the multivariable-adjusted model; the odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals (OR [95% CI] ) of obesity was 1.63 [1.41, 1.88] for CVD risk >10%, 1.69[1.45, 1.48] for CVD risk >20%, and 1.56[1.30, 1.87)] for CVD risk >30%. Conclusions: The rate of CVD risk >10% had an increasing trend in American males adults, who did not participate in vigorous recreational activity. In addition, lower annual household income, higher weight status and do not participate in vigorous recreational activity increased the CVD risk.
The Burden of Stroke in The Municipality of Chongqing, China, From 1990 To 2016
Authors: Yang Shiya , Ran Sha , Liu Ping , Wu Zuocheng , Yu Dong , Zhang Weiwei , Ding Xianbin , Liu Shiwei
Published: July 2020

Background: The burden of stroke varies substantially across regions in China. However, comprehensive comparisons between regions are lacking. This study aims to analyze variations in stroke burden in the municipality of Chongqing, Western China, from 1990-2016. Methods: Data on prevalence, years lived with disability (YLDs), mortality, years of life lost (YLLs), and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) by age, sex, location, and year were extracted from the 2016 Global Burden of Disease Study (GBD 2016) of China between 1990-2016. The datasets were compared to examine the temporal trends in stroke burden in the last two decades.Results: In 2016, there were 670,438 cases of stroke, 41,022 deaths, and 847,437 DALYs due to stroke in Chongqing. Age-standardized mortality and DALY rates of IS and HS were higher in men whereas age-standardized prevalence rates of IS were higher in women. From 1990 to 2016, age-standardized prevalence rates of overall stroke increased by 33.29%, whereas mortality rates and DALYs decreased by 34.51% and 34.79%, respectively. YLLs were the main contributor to DALYs; however, the YLL/YLD ratio decreased over time. During the study period, the overall burden of stroke decreased, whereas the prevalence rate of IS increased in all age groups.Conclusions: Despite a decrease in mortality rates, the increase in the prevalence of stroke in Chongqing stresses the need to allocate more health resources. Special attention should be paid to discrepancies in the estimation of the type of stroke according to gender and age to determine mechanisms that explain the causes of stroke.