bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Validity and Reliability of Academic Grit Scale (AGS) Indonesian Version in University Students
Authors: Kisdayani Popie , Setyowibowo Hari
Published: December 2024

Academic grit is important for a student. Academic grit is needed to specifically measure academic achievement. People's responses to difficulties and setbacks in their academic careers are significantly influenced by their passion, tenacity, and willpower to accomplish long-term goals in the profession. The Academic Grit Scale (AGS) is an instrument used to measure academic grit, but there are no studies that have adapted it for the population in Indonesia. Adapting and testing the Indonesian AGS psychometrics is the goal of this work. There were 442 active university students in Indonesia who took part in this study. The content validation of the measuring device is assessed using the Content Validity Index (CVI). To assess the measurement of instrument's reliability, this study used Classical Test Theory (CTT). The results showed that the mean I-CVI was .94, which means the items in the measuring instrument can measure the construct. AGS is considered reliable with a Cronbach Alpha of .884. The Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) result shows that the fit model was accepted (RMSEA = .067, CFI = .962, GFI = .951, SRMR = .036, TLI = .951) which indicates that the measuring instrument can measure academic grit consistently. retain all the details. To conclude, it is found that the AGS is a valid and trustworthy tool for assessing Indonesian university students' academic grit.Grit akademik merupakan hal yang harus dimiliki bagi seorang pelajar. Grit akademik dibutuhkan untuk mengukur secara spesifik pencapaian akademik. Gairah dan ketekunan serta kegigihan individu untuk mencapai tujuan dalam jangka panjang pada bidang akademik sangat mempengaruhi bagaimana individu akan berperilaku ketika mengalami tantangan dan rintangan di perjalanan akademiknya. Academic Grit Scale (AGS) merupakan instrument yang digunakan untuk mengukur grit akademik, namun belum ada penelitian yang mengadaptasi dan menyesuaikan dengan populasi mahasiswa Indonesia. Tujuan dilakukannya penelitian ini adalah untuk mengadaptasi dan menguji psikometrik Academic Grit Scale (AGS) versi Bahasa Indonesia. Subjek pada penelitian ini adalah 442 mahasiswa aktif di Indonesia. Untuk mengevaluasi validasi konten alat ukur, digunakan Content Validity Index (CVI) dan untuk mengevaluasi reliabilitas alat ukur digunakan Classical Test Theory (CTT). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa didapatkan mean I-CVI sebesar .94 yang berarti item dalam alat ukur dapat mengukur konstruknya. AGS dianggap reliabel dengan Alpha Cronbach sebesar .884. Hasil Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) menunjukkan bahwa model fit dapat diterima (RMSEA = .067, CFI = .962, GFI = .951, SRMR = .036, TLI = .951) yang menunjukkan bahwa alat ukur mampu mengukur grit akademik dengan tetap mempertahankan keseluruhan item-itemnya. Dengan hasil tersebut, disimpulkan bahwa AGS adalah skala yang cocok dan mumpuni untuk mengukur grit akademik mahasiswa Indonesia.
Arab Students in the USSR Art Institutes in 1959–1979: Ideology and Life Worlds
Authors: Nefedova Olga
Published: December 2024

During the 1950s the Soviet Union created a dedicated exchange program intended to attract Arab artists and scholars from around the world. This educational plan was implemented in the USSR through two main strategies: by introducing propaganda and ideology into daily life, and educating art students in the artistic method of Socialist Realism. In this essay I address the process of realizing this ideological strategy and its functionality, I will explore the relations between students and their art institutes, and discuss the problem of Arab students’ adaptation to the new environment and the difficulties caused by cultural differences, as well as their subsequent fates and their contacts with the institutes after completing their studies and returning to their homelands.
La carga física, psíquica y mental de trabajo de los Bomberos Voluntarios de la ciudad de Corrientes, Argentina
Authors: Ramirez Panozzo María de los Ángeles , Forclaz María Azul
Published: December 2024

Este estudio se enfoca en analizar la carga global de trabajo de los Bomberos Voluntarios del Cuartel de Corrientes Capital, durante el primer semestre de 2023, abordando dimensiones como el proceso de trabajo, la organización, el contenido del puesto y los riesgos del medio ambiente laboral. Los resultados de la investigación revelan una intensa carga de trabajo, donde enfrentan desafíos tanto físicos como psicológicos y mentales. Se destaca la interdependencia del trabajo en equipo junto a la imprevisibilidad de las intervenciones y los numerosos riesgos asociados. Estos hallazgos señalan la naturaleza exigente y peligrosa de la actividad que apareja situaciones de estrés, así como también se manifiesta la posibilidad de sufrir la pérdida de vida. Sin embargo, también se identifican aspectos positivos, como la igualdad de género en la organización de las tareas, la buena comunicación y valoración personal del colectivo de trabajo, y el continuo desarrollo profesional a través de capacitaciones y la utilización de las habilidades adquiridas.
KIBS’ and non-KIBS’ business creation and closure: Evidence from the urban micro-space
Authors: Pylak Korneliusz , Mickiewicz Tomasz , Kitsos Tasos
Published: December 2024

Our study explores the factors influencing the creation and closure of firms in urban micro-spaces, highlighting the relationship between Knowledge-Intensive Business Services (KIBS) and non-KIBS sectors. Employing 2007-2019 firm-level data from Warsaw, the capital of Poland, we uncover overlooked micro-geographical and sectoral patterns. We reveal spatial and sectoral interdependencies, highlighting the cross-sectoral effects of density and age of incumbent firms on new firm creation and closure. Our findings highlight the potential of policies supporting KIBS to generate positive multiplier effects, cultivating entrepreneurial ecosystems while accounting for micro-geographical contexts.
MURA Snapshot: Development of a Sociotechnical Survey Tool for Headquarters Assessment
Authors: McTernan Wesley , Kalloniatis Alexander , Tsui Sebastian
Published: December 2024

Modern joint military headquarters are fast paced and dynamic environments that act as the nexus of information for multi-domain operations. To understand the complex sociotechnical system of a joint operations headquarters, a sophisticated assessment framework and tool is required. This paper discusses the development of the MURA Snapshot: a survey instrument designed to capture key sociotechnical dimensions critical to the success of a modern joint operations headquarters. The MURA Snapshot is proposed as part of the longitudinal tracking of improvement under the Australian headquarters modernisation project: Plan MURA. In this paper we begin by providing an overview of the evolution of joint headquarters within Australia, contextualising the military environment the MURA Snapshot aims to assess. Then we discuss a history of assessment in military headquarters and models of assessment. Finally we discuss our process for the development of the MURA Snapshot. In describing the development of the MURA Snapshot, we explore the literature on survey design, its principles, and key survey design considerations including the use of single and multi-item measures, the use of established versus bespoke survey measures, scale composition and compatibility with extant models. The discussion of this literature may provide useful insights for military practitioners when developing future surveys.
Internalized Racism and Personal Self-Esteem among Ethnoracial Minoritized Groups: A Meta-analytic Review
Authors: James Drexler , Yu Elie ChingYen , Wang Yilin , Moeyaert Mariola
Published: December 2024

Internalized racism refers to the process by which individuals from both dominant and marginalized ethnoracial groups internalize and accept beliefs, attitudes, and stereotypes that reinforce the superiority of the dominant group and the inferiority of marginalized groups, particularly their own. Using theory-driven conceptualizations of internalized racism, we conducted the first meta-analysis examining its relationship with self-esteem. The meta-analysis was restricted to ethnoracial minoritized groups given the lack of research among dominant ethnoracial groups, including White people. The analysis included k =120 correlation effect sizes from 56 cross-sectional ethnoracial minority samples, involving 16,034 participants between 1982-2024. Findings revealed a small but significant negative association between internalized racism and self-esteem (r = –.22). Moderator analyses (k =114 correlation effect sizes) indicated that this negative association was more pronounced when (a) internalized racism was self-directed compared to group-directed, (b) the sample was older, and (c) internalized racism manifested as self-hatred compared to endorsement of negative group stereotypes and beliefs. Importantly, studies with lower risk of bias yielded stronger effects. There was also strong evidence of no publication bias. However, the cross-sectional nature of the studies limits causal interpretations, and it remains unclear whether low self-esteem leads individuals to internalize racism or vice versa. Additionally, since our meta-analysis was limited to ethnoracial minorities, the extent to which these findings extend to ethnoracial dominant groups remains an open question. These results offer a deeper understanding of self-esteem-internalized racism relationship, and emphasize the need for further research, particularly those involving non-U.S. populations and using longitudinal designs.
The power of social influence on (non-)moral decision-making: A review of behavioral effects and neural mechanisms
Authors: Tricoche Leslie , Caspar Emilie A.
Published: December 2024

While social influence has been extensively studied in psychology, neuroscientific research on how these processes are represented and regulated in the brain remains in its early stages and has rarely been systematically compared across studies. Notably, in addition to the lack of comparative studies, existing research rarely provides clear insights into how social influence affects different phases of the decision-making process. This limits the ability to develop an integrated approach to understanding the various forms of social influence. This review aims to provide the first comparative analysis in neuroscience on how different forms of social influence—social presence, conformity, compliance, and obedience—impact various phases of human decision-making and the mechanisms that enable resistance to social influence. The goal is to identify similarities and differences among these forms of influence, highlight critical gaps in the existing literature, and propose future research directions. The review also emphasizes the importance of comparative studies that incorporate developmental and cultural perspectives.
Is one additional phone call enough? - Effectiveness of additional human support to reduce dropout from an internet-based intervention for depressive symptoms: a randomized-controlled trial.
Authors: Eicher Sophie , Heinrich Manuel , Zagorscak Pavle , Brose Annette , Knaevelsrud Christine
Published: December 2024

Background. Internet-Based Interventions (IBIs) are effective treatments for mental disorders, but their implementation faces challenges, particularly in addressing high dropout rates. Adding more human support or guidance might reduce treatment dropout rates in IBIs, but it may also limit scalability. Therefore, small, easy-to-implement, guidance-based add-on interventions are warranted to reduce dropout rates. This study tests if offering one additional brief phone contact reduces treatment dropout rates in an IBI for depressive symptoms with written guidance.Methods. We analyze data from N = 394 individuals participating in an IBI for depression. The intervention comprises seven CBT-based modules with module-wise written semi-standardized feedback from psychotherapists (guided IBI). Previous research showed increased dropout rates after the second module. In the study group, therapists offered an additional brief phone call after the second module (n = 206). In the control group, no additional phone calls were offered (n = 188). We present descriptive statistics regarding the intervention course for both groups. We conducted a logistic regression to examine the preventive effect of the additional phone call on treatment dropout. Results. Pooled dropout rates in the study group were 30.5% (n = 63), and in the control group 36.1% (n = 68), with a risk difference of about 6 percent points favoring the study group. The odds ratios ranged from 1.25 to 1.33, and the relative risks ranged from 1.08 to 1.10. However, all confidence intervals overlap zero, indicating that all effect estimates are statistically non-significant. Conclusion. We tested a strategy of additional human contact to reduce treatment dropout rates in a guided IBI for depressive symptoms. All estimates descriptively favored the study group, but were small and non-significant. Further research is needed to determine how additional contact can be employed to reduce treatment dropout.
A Framework for Real-Time Ransomware Detection Using Convergent Behavioural Signal Mapping
Authors: Rystov Graham , Loxley Quincy , Blackwood Rowena , Loxley Katherine , Kingsley Sylvester
Published: December 2024

Traditional signature-based detection systems often fail to identify novel ransomware strains due to their reliance on known patterns, leaving systems vulnerable to emerging threats. In response to this challenge, the Convergent Behavioral Signal Mapping (CBSM) framework has been developed to enhance detection capabilities through the integration of multi-dimensional behavioral analysis. By correlating diverse system behaviors, CBSM aims to identify anomalies indicative of ransomware activity, thereby providing a more robust defense mechanism. The CBSM framework operates by collecting and analyzing data from various system components, including file access patterns, network traffic, and process activities. This comprehensive approach enables the detection of subtle deviations from normal behavior that may signify the presence of ransomware. The system's architecture is designed to facilitate real-time detection while maintaining scalability and adaptability across different computational environments. Key components include a data acquisition module, a signal processing engine, and a decision-making unit, all orchestrated through a modular pipeline design. Experimental evaluations of CBSM have demonstrated its effectiveness in identifying a wide range of ransomware variants, including those employing advanced obfuscation and polymorphic techniques. The framework achieved high detection rates, with consistent performance observed across varying workloads and network conditions. Comparative analyses with baseline detection methods revealed that CBSM outperforms traditional systems, particularly in scenarios involving rapidly encrypting ransomware and emerging variants. The adaptability of CBSM to new ransomware families demonstrates its potential as a dynamic defense mechanism in the ever-evolving cybersecurity landscape. Its real-time capabilities ensure rapid identification of threats, making it highly applicable to critical infrastructure and high-stakes scenarios where timely response is essential. The system's scalability further confirms its feasibility for deployment in large-scale, operationally demanding settings. In conclusion, the CBSM framework represents a significant advancement in ransomware detection, offering a solution that combines theoretical innovation with practical applicability. Its ability to integrate multi-dimensional behavioral analysis provides a robust defense against sophisticated ransomware attacks, addressing the limitations of traditional detection methods and contributing to the broader field of cybersecurity.
Identification Efficient Air Pollution Mitigating Tree Species Considering Tree and Regional Characteristic
Authors: Kang Yunho , Kim Juho , Kim Nayoung , Bae Jooyoung , Lee Yejin , Jang Yeongjin , Kim Sunghwan , Bae Hasung
Published: December 2024

The rapid industrialization and urbanization worldwide have resulted in a notable surge in air pollutants and the prevalence of atmospheric haze, exerting detrimental effects on public health. South Korea has been rated as having the highest concentration of PM2.5 among OECD member countries in 2019 (OECD, 2019), posing a severe health risk. Establishing urban forests and street trees has been proposed as an environmentally friendly solution to mitigate this issue. Trees are crucial in filtering ParticulateMatter (PM), improving air quality, and mitigating the Urban Heat Island effect. This research established a system to evaluate and rank the suitability of trees for PM reduction by incorporating regional and tree-specific characteristics into a formula. We systematically consider region-based, place-based, and detailed characteristics-based criteria of trees to rank their suitability for different urban environments. Region-based criteria consider climate and environmental factors, while place-based criteria assess tree properties relevant to urban locations. Detailed characteristics-based criteria allow for personalization based on aesthetic preferences. By integrating these factors into an equation, we provide a tool for informed tree selection, enhancing the efficiency of the process. Additional variables can be incorporated to refine tree rankings based on specific purposes. The research selects effective tree species for PM reduction and aims to develop a platform for broader accessibility. This platform will consider city landscapes and citizen preferences when choosing street trees and urban forests. Future work includes enhancing citizen participation in particulate matter management, expanding urban ecosystems beyond trees, and incorporating citizen preferences and opinions to maximize social and environmental benefits. By activating this platform, we anticipate a positive impact on urban air quality and overall city well-being and can also provide easy access for local governments and general users for planning city or city forests.
Rethinking the perennial problem of generalists vs specialists: applications in a 5th Generation headquarters
Authors: Kalloniatis Alexander , McTernan Wesley
Published: December 2024

Operational C2 systems, as realised in military headquarters, will involve in the future a far greater diversity of knowledge domain specialists than the traditional paradigm, expanding to encompass experts in warfare and manoeuvre across non-traditional domains, emerging digital technologies, and multi-agency linkages as demanded by the increasing complexity of the cooperation-competition-conflict environment. The integration of these elements will be critical to enable timely and accurate awareness and decision making to meet the challenges and threats of an increasingly complex geopolitical landscape in which military force is but one element of national power.The integration of these specialists is not without its challenges, including problems with cross-domain communication, role ambiguity and team orientation. Generalists, individuals with a broader gambit of knowledge but less depth than specialists, are frequently touted as the solution to multi-disciplinary teams. Generalists alone however lack the domain expertise to complete the same depth of tasks as specialists. Organisational theory provides a plethora of literature examining the specialist/generalist composition of an organisation, which is known as the specialist vs generalist dilemma.This paper will draw upon this body of research to build on the design of a 5th Generation Headquarters, a concept previously presented in ICCRTS. Included will be a model that enriches the binary conceptualisation of generalism v specialism, to explore the broad spectrum of knowledge heterogeneity and depth. Changes in structure, staff training, and automation/autonomous technologies are discussed as possible parameters that may be modified to enhance organisational effectiveness and agility.
Shannon entropy in visual perception predicts priming effects
Authors: Bocheva Michaela
Published: December 2024

When a system observes a visual signal under uncertainty, it weights a number of values probabilistically, where the maximum likelihood estimation (MLE) of the distribution corresponds to the best guess of the system regarding the true value of the observed stimulus. Perceptual uncertainty can therefore be assessed as the amount of variability in a Gaussian observation which is logically expected to increase in density as a function of time (number of exposures) and stimulus intensity (Norwich, 1977), thereby making the stimulus representation more accurate. Similar to how noise is modeled in stimulus representations during memory tasks, the amount of uncertainty in the observation can also simultaneously depend on whether the stimulus is perceived as a target or a distractor in a psychophysical task. We show that a framework incorporating both sources of noise can explain priming effects where the interference between two signals in a trial is given by the Kullback-Leibler (KL) divergence of their observations, with the initial stimulus treated as a reference distribution. Our model predicted response times in a perceptual shape discrimination task including items embedded in spatial noise that could unpredictably appear as a target or as a distractor. These results show that processing times of the second stimulus can be convincingly modeled as the statistical distance between the noise distributions of two consecutive stimuli.
Is Peer Adversity in Childhood and Adolescence Linked to Interpersonal Functioning in Adulthood? A Meta-analytic Review
Authors: Huang Shuiqing , Heininga Vera Ellen , Kretschmer Tina
Published: December 2024

This meta-analysis synthesizes research on longitudinal associations between child and adolescent peer adversity and various domains of adult interpersonal functioning. Meta-analyses were conducted on 220 effect sizes from 37 studies published between 1998 and 2024, unadjusted and adjusted for gender, socioeconomic status and childhood family adversity. Participants (Ntotal = 45,325, proportion of girls = 54.6%, average duration to follow-up = 11.5 years) in the 27 samples were primarily European or North American (k = 26). Peer adversity was linked to adult interpersonal functioning in unadjusted (r = -.15) and adjusted models (r = -.15), no robust moderators were found. These findings highlight the importance of mitigating a broad range of peer adversity to foster relational health in adulthood.
Mapping Crewed Exploration and Settlement of Outer Space: Introducing a New Database
Authors: Vigneswaran Darshan
Published: December 2024

Around the world, a growing number of governments, private companies, and international organizations are actively working to establish a sustained human presence in outer space. Despite the growing importance of CES in both policy and academic debates, empirical data necessary for studying this sector remain fragmented and inconsistent. To address this gap, this article introduces the Crewed Exploration and Settlement Database. This tool is designed to enhance the empirical depth and methodological rigor of the social scientific study of crewed exploration and settlement.
HEMATOLOGICAL INDICATORS OF RABBITS AFTER LIFETIME EXPERIMENTAL MODELING OF RETROPERITONEAL HEMATOMA
Authors: Dannikov Sergey , Antonova Inna
Published: December 2024

Lifetime experimental modeling of retroperitoneal hematoma
in rabbits can provoke a decrease in the number of blood leukocytes,
which is most pronounced in the first day. The average number
of leukocytes in the control group ranged from 9.38±0.49 to
10.70±0.80×109/l, and in the experimental group – from 6.36±0.22
to 8.42±0.30×109/l. On the 1st and 3rd days after the experiment,
rabbits of the experimental group showed a significant decrease
in the number of erythrocytes, hematocrit and hemoglobin levels
in the blood, as well as an increase in the average erythrocyte volume,
which indicates the formation of regenerative anemia. The
average number of erythrocytes in the control group ranged from
4.84±0.15 to 5.23±0.12×1012/l, and in the experimental group –
from 3.79±0.04 to 5.33±0.15×1012/l. The level of hematocrit and
hemoglobin in the control group ranged from 0.307±0.008 to
0.340±0.008 % and from 103.40±3.97 to 119.80±4.03 g/l, and in
the experimental group – from 0.271±0.004 to 0.330±0.005 % and
from 87.40±1.72 to 115.80±2.76 g/l, respectively. Reliably large
values of the average volume of erythrocytes in the experimental
group, compared with the control group, persist up to 14 days,
which indicates the presence of active compensatory mechanisms
of erythropoiesis. The average value of the erythrocyte volume
in the control group ranged from 63.26±0.66 to 64.58±0.45
fl, and in the experimental group it ranged from 65.12±0.45 to
70.64±0.31 fl. There were no significant differences in the number
of platelets during the experiment, and their average number in
the control and experimental groups ranged from 434.00±44.97
to 501.40±43.23×109/l.
THE EFFECT OF THE KAPPA-CASEIN GENE ON THE DAIRY PRODUCTIVITY OF ALPINE AND NUBIAN GOATS
Authors: Selionova Marina , Zharkova Ekaterina , Glushchenko Marina , Belomestnov Konstantin
Published: December 2024

Dairy goat breeding in Russia is a dynamically developing
branch of animal husbandry. In order to increase the efficiency
of production, it is advisable to include data not only on phenotype,
but also on genotype, in particular, on genes associated
with milk productivity and milk quality, in the selection
programs of goat breeding. Taking into account that the kappa-
casein gene is of the greatest interest for improvement of
technological properties of goat milk, the aim of the work was
to study its polymorphism and its influence on milk productivity
of Alpine and Nubian goats. Genotypes were established
by PCR-PDRF method, milk composition – on CombiFoss 7
DC analyzer. It was revealed that the CT genotype was found
with the highest frequency in animals of both breeds, with the
lowest frequency in Alpine breed – CC genotype, in Nubian
breed – TT. The distribution of frequencies of CSN3/VneI genotypes
in Nubian goats corresponded to the Hardy – Weinberg
law, while in Alpine breed there was a lack of homozygous TT
genotype and excess of TS and SS genotypes. The SS animals
of CSN3/VneI genotype surpassed the TT genotype carriers
with high reliability in terms of milk mass fraction of protein, casein, fat, mono- and saturated fatty acids: in the Alpine breed
this superiority ranged from 13.7 to 55.0 %, in the Nubian breed
– from 12.9 to 42.9 %. In terms of milk yield and lower somatic cell count, regardless of breed, the best goats were TT goats of
genotype CSN3/VneI. In order to obtain milk with the best technological properties and its further processing into cheese in Alpine and Nubian breeds it is recommended to select carriers of SS and ST genotypes CSN3/VneI.
PRODUCTION, EXPORT AND IMPORT OF CEREALS AND COMPILATION OF A LIST OF PHYTOPATHOGENIC BACTERIA ASSOCIATED WITH THEM
Authors: Slovareva Olga
Published: December 2024

As a result of updating information on the production and
export of grain products and compiling a list of bacteriosis
pathogens related to the products, it was found that in Russia
grain production in 2022 was carried out in 76 regions on
an area of 44995.5 thousand hectares. The gross grain harvest
amounted to 1489697.8 thousand quintals. Grain exports
in 2022 according to HS codes 1001–1008 amounted to 43.7
million tons. Phytosanitary requirements of the importing
countries of Russian wheat, barley, corn, rye, rice and sorghum
include bacteria such as Pseudomonas cichorii, Pseudomonas
fuscovaginae, Pseudomonas syringae (патовары
syringae, atrofaciens, coronafaciens, lapsa), Xanthomonas
translucens (патовары translucens, undulosa, graminis, cerealis),
Acidovorax avenae, Rathayibacter tritici, Rathayibacter
rathayi, Erwinia rhapontici, Xanthomonas oryzae (патовары
oryzae, oryzicola), Robbsia andropogonis, Clavibacter tessellarius,
Curtobacterium flaccumfaciens, Pantoea stewartii,
Xanthomonas vasicola and Clavibacter nebraskensis. In addition
to these bacteria, Xanthomonas translucens pv. secalis is
regulated on rye grain supplied to Colombia. The quarantine
organism for Egypt on rice grain is Burkholderia glumae. Both phytopathogens should be taken into account in view of the possibility of expanding the export potential of the Russian Federation. Thus, 24 bacterial phytopathogens are regulated on grain products.
MORPHOMETRIC FEATURES OF PELVIC LIMB EPIDERMIS OF PEKING AND MUSK DUCKS
Authors: Stepanenko Valeria , Shpygova Valentina
Published: December 2024

Waste from the processing of waterfowl production – the
epidermis of the distal parts of the pelvic limbs, which is of
interest as an alternative source of protein, selected during
slaughter from 10 Peking and 10 musk ducks at the age of 40
days, was examined by standard histological methods in order
to clarify the features of morphological and morphometric parameters
affecting the protein composition. The obtained data
were subjected to statistical processing and the features of
the structure of the layers were revealed: the minimum thickness
of the epidermis was noted in the tarsus of the musk duck
and was 67.73±5.41 microns, the maximum thickness was
noted in the finger of the musk duck – 113.84±9.76 microns.
The stratum corneum was the most developed in both bird
species, which varied in musk ducks from 26.12±0.65 microns
to 53.87±2.83 microns, in Peking ducks from 34.31±0.64 microns
to 38.23±0.35 microns. The stratum germinativum and
stratum granulosum of the epidermis in all parts of the limbs
in Peking ducks were significantly larger than in musk ducks,
with the exception of the stratum granulosum of the Pecking duck’s tarsus, where its thickness was minimal and amounted to 10.17±0.14 microns. The stratum lucidum was found fragmentary in the tarsus of both species of ducks.
USE OF BY-PRODUCTS OF PROCESSING FRUIT AND BERRY CROPS AS AN ALTERNATIVE SOURCE OF REPLACEMENT FOR GRAIN LEGUMINES
Authors: Samokish Nikolay , Zlydnev Nikolay , Seryi Nikolay , Filippov Alexander , Rastovarov Evgenii
Published: December 2024

The article presents data on the use of waste from wine and
cherry plum production, which can be used as an alternative
raw material for feeding farm animals. In order to determine the
dose of maximum input into diets for egg-laying quails, studies
were conducted to assess the nutritional value of wine marc,
cherry plum seeds with and without pulp, as well as cherry
plum seed kernels. Having determined the maximum percentage
of input of this raw material into diets, there is a reduction
in the cost of the diet in the group with wine waste by 2.8 %, and
in the group with cherry plum kernels by 14.5 % without a decrease
in nutritional value. The daily rations of quails of the egg
productivity direction were compiled using the «KormOptima»
software. Calculation of the cost of grape pomace, waste and
kernels (taking into account the cost of extracting them from
the seeds) it was in the range of 5–15 rubles per 1 kg (including
delivery). Zootechnical analyses show that cherry plum kernels
not only replace the introduction of expensive plant raw
materials, for example, such as soybean meal, but are also economically more profitable in comparison with other types of feed. The results of the scientific research can be used in the practical work of veterinary specialists, as well as managers of enterprises of various forms of ownership.
ASSESSMENT OF THE EFFECTIVENESS OF DIFFERENT DOSES OF NAA FEED ADDITIVE IN GROWING MEAT CHICKENS
Authors: Shevchenko Alexander
Published: December 2024

Currently, Russian poultry farmers are faced with the task
of finding alternatives to antibiotics, which were used to improve
the immune status, increase the safety and productivity
of poultry. To solve this problem, they are trying to use a varied
amount of biologically active additives of various natures.
The scientific and economic experiment was carried out at the
Kuban educational farm of the Kuban State Agrarian University.
The most effective dosage of the NAA feed additive was
determined using Cobb-500 cross meat chickens.
The experiment was carried out on four groups of day-old
chicks. Each group contained 100 broiler chickens. Chickens
of experimental groups 2, 3 and 4 were given 0.5 ml, 1.0 ml and
1.5 ml of NAA feed additive per 1 kg of feed in the main diet.
Chickens of group 1, which served as a control, received the
basal diet. During the experiment, the loss of livestock was
taken into account and the cause of death was established.
The birds were weighed at one day, 10, 20, 30 and 40 days of
age on an electronic scale. Feed consumption was taken into
account daily. At the end of the experiment, blood was taken
from 5 individuals from each group to study some hematological
parameters.
Based on the experiment, it was established that in broilers
of the 3rd experimental group, which received the feed additive
NAA in addition to the main diet at the rate of 1.0 ml per 1.0 kg of
feed, compared to the control variant, the live weight at the end of the experiment was significantly higher by 7.44 %; safety – by 2 %; feed costs – by 3.79 %; profitability level – by 0.58 %; the level of hemoglobin and red blood cells - by 11.32 % and 14.28 %, respectively.
DYNAMICS OF PHYSICAL-CHEMICAL AND BIOCHEMICAL INDICATORS
OF URINE OF RABBITS WITH AN INTROVITUAL EXPERIMENTAL MODEL OF RETROPERITONEAL HEMATOMA
Authors: Antonova Inna , Dannikov Sergey
Published: December 2024

The potential diagnostic effectiveness and dynamics of the
physicochemical and biochemical properties of urine in rabbits
with a lifetime experimental model of retroperitoneal hematoma
were studied. As a result of the studies, it has been established
that there are no reliably significant deviations in the reaction
(pH) and relative density of urine between the animals of the
experimental and control groups, and it indicates that the retroperitoneal
hematoma we simulated, does not have a significant
effect on the kidneys ability to maintain acid levels-basic
balance, as well as dilute and concentrate urine. The average
urine reaction (pH) values in rabbits in both groups range from
7.4±0.2 to 8.0±0.2, and the relative density – from 1.027±0.001
to 1.031±0.003 g/ml. The protein content in the rabbits urine
after the formation of a lifetime experimental model of retroperitoneal
hematoma is significantly higher in comparison with
the control group at all times, and gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase
(GGT) is only up to the 14th day of the experiment, while
the creatinine content does not reliably change in individuals of
the control and experimental groups they are within the limits
from 124.4±18.9 to 148.1±22.9 mg/dl. A reliably significant increase
in the concentration of protein and GGT in the urine, in
addition to the absence of significant changes in the creatinine
content in the urine of the experimental group, in comparison
with the control group, gives grounds to expect the presence
of kidney damage, and, therefore, biochemical parameters of urine can act as an objective diagnostic marker of the involvement of these organs into the pathological process with retroperitoneal hematoma.
SYSTEMATIC APPROACH TO CONSIDERATION THE SCIENTIFIC ACTIVITY OF PROFESSOR A.P. OGURTSOV
Authors: Nikulin Alexander , Nakonechnay Tatiana , Gubarev Igor
Published: December 2024

In 2024 we mark the 90th anniversary of the birth by Anatoly Pavlovich Ogurtsov, a famous educator and scientist who made a long and fruitful journey from an assistant lecture to rector of DSTU, from a postgraduate student to doctor of technical sciences, professor, academician of the Academy of Higher School. He achieved significant results in metallurgical science and the reconstruction of educational environment; therefore a systematic analysis of his activity is relevant and has practical significance for effective mastery by successors. The work proposes the use of graphic modeling using the Ishikawa diagram and a double causal (cause-and-effect) diagram, which streamline the research process and make its methodology more accessible.
CALCULATION OF THERMODYNAMIC TEMPERATURES OF CHEMICAL REACTIONS OF STEPWISE MANGANESE REDUCTION PROCESS FROM ITS DIOXIDE BY CO GAS AND GASIFICATION OF SOLID CARBON BY DEGREES OF CHEMICAL AFFINITY OF SUBSTANCES TO OXYGEN
Authors: Panteikov Serhii , Bondarenko Yaroslav , Romanenko Andrii , Uzunov Ivan
Published: December 2024

The results of a thermodynamic analysis of the course of chemical reactions of the stepwise reduction of manganese from its dioxide by CO gas and the gasification reaction of solid carbon (Bella-Boudoir) are presented. The goals of the work are to obtain eigenexpressions for calculating the numerical values of the Gibbs free energy depending on temperature using tabulated values of the standard enthalpies of formation and entropies of inorganic substances, as well as to construct graphical dependences of the Gibbs energy on temperature using formulas from literary sources and obtained expressions. Numerical values of the boundary temperatures are obtained above which the chemical reactions of the stepwise reduction of manganese from its dioxide by CO gas and the chemical reaction of gasification of solid carbon (Bella-Boudoir) can or cannot thermodynamically proceed. Considering the complete coincidence of the obtained data on the own (obtained) expressions using two (direct and indirect) methods, it is possible to consider with a significant degree of probability the numerical values of the boundary temperature for the reactions of stepwise reduction of manganese from its dioxide and gasification of solid carbon as reliable, which indicates the possibility of the reduction of Mn2O3 from MnO2, Mn3O4 from Mn2O3 and MnO from Mn3O4 by CO gas, the Bell-Boudoir reaction and the impossibility of the reduction of manganese from MnO by CO gas at the temperatures of the actual process in reduction furnaces. This also confirms that CO gas is not a manganese reducer at the last stage of stepwise reduction of MnO according to scheme (B), refuting any theories and assumptions about the possibility of reducing Mn from MnO by CO gas.
SULFIDE CAPACITY AND PROPERTIES OF MODIFIED BUCKET SLAGS
Authors: Sigarev Yevgen , Eskov Denis , Kryachko Gennadiy , Matina Igor
Published: December 2024

Ladle slag during the entire period of iron refining must have a sufficient degree of ability to hold sulfides while simultaneously ensuring the minimization of iron losses. In ladles with recycled cast iron entering the desulphurization department, slags are formed already during the release of cast iron from the blast furnace or pouring from the mixer, which differ significantly from blast furnace slag in terms of physical and chemical properties. The basicity and sulphide capacity of slags decreases, which due to their active mixing with cast iron is accompanied by an increase in sulfur in the metal.The composition of slags, formed from the remains of blast furnace or mixer slags and products of chemical reactions of sulfur removal by injection of mixtures based on lime and magnesium, needs adjustment to increase the sulfide capacity while simultaneously thinning them to prevent excessive losses of iron with the slag. The use of an additional amount of fluidized lime for adjustment leads to an increase in the processing cost. It is proposed to use a slag modifier based on CaO- and Al2O3-containing steel processing waste to reduce the costs of fluidized lime. The rational specific consumption of modifiers was determined depending on the initial composition of ladle slags and the change in their sulfide capacity was calculated using models based on the concept of optical basicity.The change in melting point, viscosity, and melting point of modified ladle slags was determined, and the concentration path of CaO- and Al2O3-containing waste modified with additives was investigated. It is shown that for the typical composition of the ladle slag of cast iron desulfurization plant of PrJSC «Kamet-Stal», the sulfide capacity values ​​range from 1.0.10-4 to 20.0.10-4, which corresponds to blast furnace slags of the CaO-SiO2-MnO-Al2O3-MgO system with increased desulfurizing ability. The change in the amount of the solid fraction in the final slag in the course of refining and the effect of the basicity of the modified slag on the sulfur distribution coefficient in non-stationary temperature conditions were determined. With the application of the linear programming method, the range of rational chemical composition of ladle slag for the conditions of cast iron desulfurization plant of PrJSC «Kamet-Stal» was determined. Modified ladle slag with a basicity of 1.11-1.41 and a content of 40-51% CaO; 36-51 %SiO2 and 6-21 %Al2O3 are proposed to be considered as satisfying the given range of selected metallurgical properties.
REDUCTION OF IRON CONSUMPTION IN STEEL PRODUCTION IN CONVERTER SHOPS: MODERN APPROACHES AND SOLUTIONS
Authors: Chubina Olena , Pokhvalityy Artem , Rudenko Mykola , Kislyakov Volodymyr , Kondrashenkov Dmytro
Published: December 2024

The article examines modern approaches and technological solutions aimed at reducing the cost of iron in the production of steel in converter shops. One of the key issues in the metallurgical industry is the optimization of raw material costs while simultaneously improving the quality of final products. In the conditions of growing competition on the market and increasing the cost of raw materials, the issue of reducing iron consumption in the steel production process becomes especially important. The purpose of the study is to substantiate effective technological methods of reducing the cost of cast iron while maintaining high technical and operational characteristics of steel. The work considers several directions for achieving this goal, in particular: improvement of the quality of raw materials through preliminary processing of scrap metal, modernization of converter equipment, optimization of oxygen purging modes, use of technologies of secondary processing of scrap metal, as well as the use of various technological additives and slag-forming materials. Special attention is paid to the possibilities of reducing energy consumption and increasing production efficiency through the use of scrap metal heating technologies.During the study, examples of the introduction of modern technologies at leading metallurgical enterprises, such as ArcelorMittal, ThyssenKrupp, Voestalpine and others, were considered. These technologies help to reduce the costs of raw materials and energy resources, which has a positive effect on the environmental indicators of production and the overall sustainability of metallurgical enterprises. An analysis of the use of carbon-containing materials, both in lump and powder forms, was also carried out to reduce the consumption of cast iron and increase the proportion of metal scrap in the metal charge. The question of the influence of such additives on the chemical composition of steel is considered. It was determined that the use of carbon-containing materials allows to significantly reduce the consumption of cast iron, however, it is necessary to take into account the influence of such factors as the composition of raw materials, the temperature in the converter and the parameters of adding carbon-containing materials during oxygen purging.The given results can be useful for enterprises of the metallurgical industry seeking to increase the efficiency of their production processes. The study demonstrates that the introduction of new technologies and approaches can provide a significant reduction in pig iron costs, increase the quality of steel and reduce the negative impact on the environment. The described methods have the potential for wide use in metallurgy, which will increase the competitiveness of Ukrainian enterprises on the international market.
From Annihilation to Revitalization in Guatemala: Uses and Misuses of the Ixil Mayan Language in a Post-genocidal Justice Court
Authors: Morand Coralie
Published: December 2024

Guatemala experienced a brutal internal armed conflict between 1960 and 1996. The conflict took on genocidal overtones in several autochthon regions, including the Maya Ixil area, where the author of this article conducted a year-long ethnographic field study as part of her doctoral thesis in social anthropology. The policies put in place as part of the counterinsurgency struggle undermined both the Ixil culture and its language, the use of which was banned in certain areas controlled by the army. Following the conflict, several associations sought justice for these various acts, and in 2013, a trial was opened against the country's former genocidal dictator. As part of this trial, witnesses were assisted by interpreters who simultaneously translated their accounts from Ixil into Spanish. Based on the testimony of a woman who was raped during the armed conflict, this author examines the linguistic negotiations that take place in a transitional justice tribunal and analyzes the effects of these negotiations on the memory of individual traumatic episodes and on their dissemination as narratives of a collective traumatic memory. Finally, by analyzing the different ways in which the experience of rape is expressed, this article sheds light on the changes in language that take place in the context of a trial, thus provoking broader questions about the way in which cultural differences are included in this type of space.
The Awakening of Mapuzugun (the Mapuche Language): Challenges, Reflections, and Effects of this Struggle in Northern Patagonia, Argentina
Authors: Richards Malena Pell
Published: December 2024

The purpose of this article is to share and reflect on the Mapuche and Mapuche-Tehuelche struggle to transmit and strengthen Mapuzugun (the Mapuche language) in recent decades. The military campaigns that invaded the indigenous lands now known as Patagonia (Argentina and Chile) are considered critical events 1 that provide clues to understanding not only the genocide but also the years that followed. 2 For this purpose, this article will first contextualize the genocide on the Mapuche people, focusing specifically on the Mapuche language and how elders supressed its transmission to younger generations. The various examples employed come from on-going doctoral research in the field of memory studies in anthropology and collaborative research that began in 2019, since this author is also part of a Mapuche organization that is oriented towards Mapuzugun's learning and teaching. The questions, demands, and projects that are considered herein come from different Mapuche organizations and communities that are working toward Mapuzugun revitalization and other political-spiritual projects that have language reclamation, use, and transmission as their main concerns.