bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Kredi derecelendirme notlarının doğrudan yabancı sermaye yatırımları üzerindeki etkileri: ülke örnekleri
Authors: İNANÇLI Selim , ALBAYRAK DEMİR Özgür
Published: December 2020

Doğrudan yabancı sermaye yatırımları, gittiği ülkeye teknoloji, bilgi ve kaynak transferi sağlayarak üretim ve istihdam ve ekonomik büyümeyi pozitif yönde etkilemektedir. Bu etkenlerden dolayı gelişmiş ve gelişmekte olan ülkeler yabancı sermayeyi ülkelerine çekmeyi amaçlamaktadırlar. Yatırımcılar bir ülkede yatırım yapılmadan önce o ülkenin siyasi ve ekonomik yapısı ile ilgili bilgi talep ederler ancak bu bilgiye kredi derecelendirme kuruluşlarının verdiği notlar sayesinde ulaşabilmektedirler. Doğrudan yabancı sermaye yatırımı yapılırken yatırımın güvenliği, kar maksimizasyonu ve ana ülkeye sermaye transferi kolaylığı gibi faktörler göz önüne alınmaktadır. Bu faktörlerin değerlendirilmesinde kredi derecelendirme kuruluşlarının verdikleri notlar önemli bir kriter olmaktadır. Bu çalışmada 2007-2017 yılları arasında yıllık verileri kullanılarak Türkiye, Yunanistan, Portekiz, İspanya, İtalya ve BRICS (Britanya, Rusya Federasyonu, Hindistan ve Çin) ülkelerine giden doğrudan yabancı sermaye yatırımları ile Moody’s’ in kredi notları kıyaslanmıştır. Kónya Boostrap Panel Nedensellik Testi ile bu ülkelerin Karşılaştırmalı Ülke Derecelendirme Endeksi (KÜDİ) puanları ile DYSY arasındaki ilişki analiz edilmiştir. Önce yatay kesit bağımlılığının olup olmadığı birim kök, eşbütünleşme ve nedensellik testleri kullanılarak analiz edilmiştir. Ayrıca modelde eğim katsayılarının homojen mi yoksa heterojen mi olduğunun belirlenmesi için yatay kesit bağımlılığı ve homojenlik testleri yapılmıştır. Değişkenler arası uzun dönemli ilişki ise eşbütünleşme ve son olarak nedensellik testi ile incelenmiştir. Sonuçlar değerlendirildiğinde Çin, Rusya ve Türkiye’ye verilen kredi notları ve ülkeye giren doğrudan yabancı sermaye yatırımları arasında nedensellik ilişkisinin olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Kredi notlarındaki bir değişmenin doğrudan sermaye yatırımlarının giriş ve çıkışlarını etkilediği görülmüştür. Türkiye’ nin yüksek kredi notu aldığı yıllarda DYSY’ nın arttığı gözlemlenmektedir. İtalya, İspanya, Yunanistan, Portekiz, Brezilya, Hindistan ve Güney Afrika’ya verilen kredi notları ile ülkeye giren DYSY arasında nedensellik ilişkisi bulunamamıştır.
How Do Principal Trading Firms and Dealers Trade around FOMC Statement Releases?
Authors: Harkrader James C. , Weitz Daniel J.
Published: December 2020

This FEDS Note examines how different types of market participants transact in the Treasury market in the periods immediately following statement releases at the conclusion of Federal Open Market Committee (FOMC) meetings. We compare intermediation patterns following scheduled statement releases with those following an unscheduled statement release.
Business to Business Marketing in Bhutan: A Case Study from Balam Gewog under Mongar Dzongkhag
Authors: Pema Kinley , Dendup Tashi , Chhetri Rekha
Published: December 2020

The Commercial Agriculture and Resilient Livelihoods Enhancement Programme (CARLEP) and the Regional Agricultural and Marketing Cooperative (RAMCO) piloted the business to business (B2B) marketing model in 2018 to address smallholder farmers’ marketing issues in Eastern Bhutan. As the B2B pilot model is currently not functional, it is vital to understand the B2B model’s challenges to successfully replicate the interventions in other communities. The lack of follow-up studies on the B2B marketing model motivated the authors to investigate the model’s challenges for implementation in the country. This case study was based on six vegetable groups in Balam Gewog, Mongar, Bhutan. Primary data were collected through focus group discussions with six vegetable groups and in-depth interviews with key informants. Secondary data were collected from Gewog, CARLEP, and RAMCO. The results showed that the B2B marketing model adopted in Balam Gewog was a primary B2B marketing model – a linkage only for selling produce. Four critical issues with the B2B marketing model adopted in Balam Gewog were noted: (1) mismatch between vegetable production and collection schedule, (2) lack of quantity and quality specification of vegetables in the contract between vegetable farmers’ groups and the buyer, (3) inadequate support services, and (4) lack of monitoring by facilitating organisations after contract signing between vegetable farmers’ groups and the buyer. Accordingly, we recommend adjusting the collection schedule as per the production season, specifying contract clauses like quantity and quality of produce, improving support services, and monitoring business by relevant authorities.
Assessment of Variability of Foxtail Millet [Setaria italica (L.) Beauv.] Genotypes
Authors: Kandel Manoj , Gurung Suk , Dhami Narayan , Shrestha Jiban
Published: December 2020

Analysis of genetic diversity and variability is an initial step for crop development in a plant breeding program. Thirty foxtail millet genotypes were evaluated for their ten agro-morphological traits viz. grain yield, days to heading, days to maturity, plant height, leaf length, leaf width, number of nodes per tiller, panicle length, thousand-grain weight, and leaf blast during April to August season of 2018 at Kabre, Dolakha, Nepal. Clustering was done based on variability observed among the genotypes for all the ten traits by the average linkage method. The genotypes were grouped into six clusters. The shortest inter cluster distance between Cluster I and Cluster II was 17.63 and the longest was between Cluster IV and Cluster VI with 47.55. Cluster I had the maximum leaf blast score with the minimum leaf length. The Cluster II had the maximum grain yield and days to 50% heading and the number of nodes per tiller. The Cluster III was characterized by the maximum leaf length and leaf blast value. The genotypes grouped into the Cluster IV were characterized by the lowest value of days to 50% heading and 80% days to maturity and those of Cluster V had the maximum thousand-grain weight. The genotypes categorized into Cluster VI had the maximum plant height, leaf length, and panicle length. Cluster II and Cluster V were good because of their agro-morphological traits. The presence of a high level of diversity among the genotypes indicated their suitability for selection in crop breeding programs. Correlation analysis of genotypes having the maximum panicle length leaf area and higher plant height and shorter maturity period are pre-requisite for improvement in grain yield.
Validación del instrumento compromiso organizacional “CO” en docentes de diversas instituciones UGEL 006, Lima, 2020
Authors: Neyra Vilcarromero Maricruz , Aliaga Jimenez Bryan Kevin , Burgos Chavez Victor Santos , Álvarez Manrique Víctor Daniel
Published: December 2020

El objetivo de este trabajo de investigación es evaluar la consistencia interna y confiabilidad del instrumento CO de compromiso organizacional mediante un análisis exploratorio. El instrumento creado por Meyer y Allen (1993), traducido al español por Arciniega & González (2012), mide las dimensiones compromiso afectivo, compromiso de continuidad y compromiso normativo mediante 18 reactivos. El análisis previo de consistencia interna se encontró un Alpha de Cronbach para el total de instrumento a=0.910 y 0.764, 0.790, 0.756 para cada una de las dimensiones. Para verificar la homogeneidad de las variables (reactivos), previamente se realizaron las estimaciones mediante KMO, obteniendo un índice de Káiser Meyer Olkin aceptable de 0.916 y un Chi cuadrado de 670,524 con 153 grados de libertad y nivel de significancia =0.000 (p <.001) mediante la prueba de esfericidad de Bartlett, como requisito para la extracción de factores mediante componente rotados, obteniéndose para el primer factor cargas entre 0.674 y 0.685, para el segundo factor, cargas entre 0.834 y 0.557, para el tercer factor, cargas entre 0.724 y 0.669, demostrando evidencia de una alta correlación, porque son mayores a 0.4, cumpliendo el objetivo de ver si se agrupan empíricamente, tal como, teóricamente se había predicho, Sin embargo, el reactivo CONT 7 (0.516, 0.446) y NOR (0.370, 0.448) no obtuvo carga en su dimensión y los reactivos AFE 1 (0.685), AFE  2 (0.674), AFE 4 (0.587), AFE 6 (0.544), CONT 8 (0.347), CONT 10 (0.557), CONT 11 (0.553), CONT 12 (0.531), NOR 16 (0.616), NOR 17 (0.518) y NOR 18 (0.480) obtuvieron cargas adicionales en otros factores, pudiendo ser eliminados, se decidió mantenerlos en su factor teórico, esperando un análisis confirmatorio.
Desempeño laboral en los trabajadores de la Municipalidad de Lince
Authors: Leidy Yanina Cruzado Malaver , Alomia Lozano Danny Lita
Published: December 2020

El objetivo de este trabajo es determinar el nivel de percepción del desempeño laboral de los trabajadores de municipalidad de Lince. El estudio es de nivel descriptivo de diseño no experimental. Para medir la percepción del desempeño laboral en una muestra de 60 trabajadores se utilizó el instrumento de “Individual Work Performance (IWP)”, adaptado por Widyastuti & Hidayat que consta de las dimensiones: rendimiento en la tarea; comportamientos contraproducentes; rendimiento en el contexto. Para obtener los resultados se aplicó estadística. Respecto a las características demográficas de los colaboradores, se encontró, la mayoría es de género masculino y tiene entre 30 y 41 años edad, así mismo la mayoría tiene de 42 años a más como experiencia laboral en la empresa de 1 a 3 años. Tanto el desempeño laboral como sus dimensiones fueron percibidas en un nivel moderado esto implica que los colaboradores ven como necesario una actividad planificada que permite el conocimiento previo de los ciudadanos, así como rendimiento en la tarea; comportamientos contraproducentes; rendimiento en el contexto. Además, el colaborador se siente con rendimiento y dedicación a la municipalidad.
El desempeño laboral desde una perspectiva teórica
Authors: Bautista Cuello Rossmery , Cienfuegos Fructus Rosita , Aquilar Panduro Junior David
Published: December 2020

El propósito del presente trabajo de investigación es realizar un tratamiento del desempeño laboral desde una breve perspectiva teórica. Este conceptualmente se describe como aquellas acciones y conductas ejecutadas por los trabajadores que ayudan a alcanzar los objetivos propuestos para el éxito de las empresas. El modelo de Campbell tiene por finalidad contar con los componentes principales para medir el desempeño de manera integral y de esta manera poder ayudar a formular estrategias direccionadas al cumplimiento de los objetivos empresariales. Una definición concluyente considera al desempeño laboral como sistemas integrados orientados al desarrollo de la efectividad y éxito de las organizaciones, siendo acciones que generen valor para la empresa a través de sus dimensiones: desempeño de la tarea siendo el logro de las tareas de acuerdo a los conocimientos que contribuyen a la organización directa o indirectamente; comportamientos contraproducentes, como actos deliberados que se dan de manera voluntaria que son de beneficio para el trabajador y desempeño contextual siendo comportamientos espontáneos e individuales que superan a lo esperado para su puesto, estos son importantes para el logro de los resultados anhelados en las organizaciones.
Ortaokul Öğrencilerin FeTeMM Mesleklerine Yönelik İlgileri
Authors: TİMUR Betül , BADUR Sercan
Published: December 2020

Bu araştırmanın amacı ortaokul öğrencilerinin FeTeMM (Fen, Teknoloji, Mühendislik ve Matematik) mesleklerine yönelik ilgilerini tespit etmektir. Bu araştırmada nicel araştırma yöntemleri kapsamında, tarama araştırması türlerinden kesitsel tarama araştırması modeli kullanılmıştır. Araştırmanın evrenini Çanakkale Merkez’de 2016-2017 eğitim-öğretim yılında 5, 6, 7 ve 8. sınıf düzeylerinde eğitim-öğretim gören 834 ortaokul öğrencisi oluşturmaktadır. Bu çalışmada Kier, Blanchard, Osborne ve Albert (2014) tarafından ortaokul öğrencileri için geliştirilen ve özgün adı “STEM Career Interest Survey (STEM-CIS)” olan Koyunlu-Ünlü, Dökme ve Ünlü (2016) tarafından Türkçe’ye uyarlanmış biçimi olan “FeTeMM Mesleklerine Yönelik İlgi Ölçeği (FeTeMM-MYİÖ)” adlı ölçek kullanılmıştır. Bu çalışmada ölçeğin genel ölçüm güvenirliği .91, fen, teknoloji, mühendislik ve matematik alt boyutları için Cronbach α değerleri sırasıyla .88; .87; .90; ve .91 olarak hesaplanmıştır. Elde edilen veriler SPSS (Statistical Package for the Social Sciences) paket programı kullanılarak t-testi ve varyans analizi (ANOVA) ile değerlendirilmiştir. Öğrencilerin FeTeMM mesleklerine yönelik ilgilerinin cinsiyet ve sınıf düzeyi değişkenlerine göre anlamlı olarak farklılaştığı sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Fen alt boyutundaki ilginin cinsiyet, kendini en başarılı bulduğu ders, sınıf düzeyi; teknoloji alt boyutundaki ilginin cinsiyet, kendine ait bilgisayar, tablet ya da çalışma odasına sahip olma durumu, sınıf düzeyi; mühendislik alt boyutundaki ilginin cinsiyet; matematik alt boyutundaki ilginin ise kendini en başarılı bulduğu ders, sınıf düzeyi değişkenleri temelinde anlamlı olarak farklılaştığı sonuçlarına ulaşılmıştır. Elde edilen sonuçlara yönelik öneriler sunulmuştur.
Öğretmen Adayları için FeTeMM Eğitimi Hakkında Öz yeterlik ve Endişe Ölçeğinin Türkçeye Uyarlama Çalışması
Authors: HACIÖMEROĞLU Güney
Published: December 2020

Bu araştırmada Geng, Jong ve Chai (2019) tarafından geliştirilen FeTeMM eğitimi hakkında öz yeterlik ve endişe ölçeğinin öğretmen adayları için Türkçeye uyarlama çalışmasının yapılması amaçlanmıştır. Ölçek öz yeterlik, endişe olmak üzere iki kısım üzerine oluşturulmuştur. Endişe düzeyi değerlendirme, bilgi, yönetim, sonuç ve yeniden odaklanma olmak üzere beş alt boyuttan oluşmaktadır. Ölçeğin geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışmaları kapsamında açımlayıcı faktör analizi, test tekrar test, doğrulayıcı faktör analizi yapılmıştır. Elde edilen sonuçlar, uyarlanan ölçeğin özgün halinden farklı bir yapı oluşturduğunu ortaya koymuştur. Uyarlanan ölçek, öz yeterlik (Alfa=.86), bilgi ve değerlendirme (Alfa=.90), yönetim (Alfa=.86), sonuç ve yeniden odaklanma (Alfa=.83) olmak üzere dört alt boyuttan oluşmaktadır. Ölçeğin bütünü için güvenirlik katsayısı .94 olarak hesaplanmıştır. Açımlayıcı faktör analizi sonucunda ortaya çıkan yapının uygunluğunu test etmek amacıyla yapılan doğrulayıcı faktör analizi sonuçları ortaya çıkan modelin kabul edilebilir düzeyde uyum gösterdiğini ortaya koymuştur. Uyarlanan ölçek geçerli ve güvenilir bir ölçme aracıdır.
Freirean Dialogue: An Effective Pedagogy for Critical Peace Education
Authors: GURSEL BİLGİN Gulistan
Published: December 2020

Dialogue promises fundamental opportunities for peace education pedagogy even in the hidden culture of war and violence in varying educational settings. However, despite remarkable theoretical literature focusing on critical dialogue, there is a need for reconceptualizing dialogue in the light of Paulo Freire’s ideas. This paper discusses dialogue as an effective pedagogy for critical peace education. Towards this goal, it first presents an overview of the concept of dialogue. The second part of the paper provides a discussion of dialogue in critical peace education. In the concluding section, it is suggested that Freirean dialogue is a powerful pedagogy to fulfill the aims of critical peace education. It is also highlighted that research and practice regarding employing dialogue as a transformative pedagogy should be investigated and cultivated by peace educators in ways relevant to various contexts.
The use of circularity index of soil aggregates to differentiate degraded stratate
Authors: Carvalho Marcela Merides , Fengler Felipe Hashimoto , Peche Filho Afonso
Published: December 2020

Among the difficulties encountered in the management of degraded areas is the characterization of the different stratum within the same area. These strata possibly need different recovery actions, compatible with the form of degradation. Based on this premise, the work proposes an initial stratification based on the visual perception of the different forms of degradation occurring in the local landscape. In this way, a better understanding of the landscape and the sampling needs are sought in order to confirm the differences. Thus, the objective of the work was to identify the different stratum in a degraded area, using soil sampling for the purposes of aggregation analysis and determination of the circularity index of the different soil aggregates. The experiment was carried out in a degraded area at the Agronomic Institute (CEA-IAC), in the city of Jundiaí - SP. The site was stratified into five degradation environments and for each of them four samples were taken for the purpose of analyzing the aggregation state. After sieving the soil sample, a sub-sample of aggregates retained in the 4 mm sieve was removed to determine the circularity index. Using 40 samples per stratum, descriptive statistical measures and the frequency histogram were obtained. The results showed that through the analysis of aggregates, the statistical processing of the circularity index and the making of frequency histograms, we can establish reliable criteria for differentiating strata in degraded areas. Thus, we can conclude that the procedures used have the potential to analyze and differentiate environments with levels of complex degradation.
Self-Image Improvement and Iranian EFL Learners’ Oral Performance: Effects on Complexity, Accuracy, and Fluency
Authors: Alimorad Zahra , Yazdani Shiva
Published: December 2020

The present study intended to investigate the effects of self-image improvement on quality of Iranian EFL learners’ oral productions. To this aim, 30 lower-intermediate university students were randomly divided into an experimental (EG) and control (CG) groups. The main focus in both groups was enhancing the students’ oral performance while only the EG received the treatment via self-image improving techniques. Their self-image was measured with the aid of Offer Self-Image Questionnaire and their oral performance was examined using two parallel IELTS speaking tests before and after the treatment. It was found that by receiving self-image training, participants’ self-image improved, which led to a parallel improvement in their speaking skill. More specifically, the EG improved significantly in oral complexity and two components of oral fluency, MLR and speech rate A. However, regarding oral accuracy and speech rate B, no significant difference was observed between the two groups.
Usage of rainfall derivatives to hedge rainfall risk: A feasibility study of Gwalior Chambal region
Authors:   Deputy-Pro VC, Director, Amity Business School, Amity University, Madhya Pradesh, Vashisht Anil
Published: December 2020

Objectives: To check the awareness level of farmers towards crop insurance schemes available so far and their satisfaction level with those schemes. To check the acceptability of farmers towards rainfall derivatives Methods: To achieve the objective of study, we have conducted a survey among the farmers of Gwalior Chambal region in India. The sample size of survey was 470 farmers; we have selected 5 villages per tehsil and 2 farmers per village. We have used cross tabulation to analyse the collected data. Findings: This study shows that only few farmers were aware about the previously launched crop insurance schemes by government and out the farmers who were aware and used the previous schemes were not satisfied with them. This study also shows the positive response by farmers towards rainfall derivative products. The study shows that most of the farmers believed that rainfall derivative can be a very effective tool for hedging the rainfall risk. Novelty: This study is very much helpful to understand the acceptability of rainfall derivatives among the farmers of Gwalior-Chambal region. This study can be used as a recommendation to launch the rainfall derivatives in India. Keywords: Rainfall risk; rainfall derivatives; crop insurance; hedging; weather index-based insurance; crop damage
A search space enhanced modified whale optimization algorithm for feature selection in large-scale microarray datasets
Authors:   Dept. of CS, Karpagam Academy of Higher Education, Coimbatore, 641021, India, Sathya M
Published: December 2020

Objectives: To enhance the microarray data classification accuracy, to accelerate the convergence speed of classifier, and Modified Whale Optimization Algorithm (MWOA), refine the best balance among local exploitation and global exploration, a Search space enhanced Modified Whale Optimization Algorithm (SMWOA) is the proposed task. Methods: The SMWOA selects the optimal features stands on the Levy flight method and quadratic interpolation method. Levy flight which employs for acceleration convergence speed of SMWOA andalso holds the result from local optima builds up by the population assortment.A quadratic interpolation takes up the exploitation stage for deeper searching within the search area. Finding: In addition to this, a self-adaptive control parameter is introduced to make a clear variation to the solution quality. Itrefines the best equity among the local exploitation method by global exploration method. After selection of features, those are processed in Naïve Bayes (NB), Support Vector Machine (SVM), K-Nearest Neighbor (KNN), and Artificial Neural Network (ANN) classifiers for cancer detection. Novelty: The classification accuracy is improved by processing the most discriminative features in the classifiers. The overall accuracy, specificity, sensitivity, F1-score and average error of SMWOA-ANN are 6.7%, 5.6%, 7.3% and 5.6% greater than MWOA-ANN respectively for cancer detection. Keywords: Gene expression data; dimensionality reduction; feature selection; modified whale optimization algorithm (MWOA); search space enhanced modified whale optimization algorithm (WOA)
A Comparison of “Vision 2023” and “Teacher Strategy” Documents in Terms of Objectives for Teachers
Authors: ÖTEBAŞ Uğur Can , KOKSAL Ela Ayse
Published: December 2020

Vision 2023 document and Teacher Strategy Document which were published by the Ministry of National Education of Turkey have been evaluated comparatively about the objectives for the teachers. In the study, the documents have been analysed by descriptive survey model. Purposeful sampling method has been used while we determine the sampling. Document Analysis has been used as the tool of gathering data. Codes have been set by examining the documents. The themes have been set according to the codes. At the end of research, it has been concluded that there are differences and similarities about the goals of the Vision 2023 and Teacher Strategy documents. It has also been observed that the documents contain similarities about the teachers’ career development, teachers wage concession and encouragement in improper environment. It has also concluded that the documents contain differences about assignment of and educating the teachers.
Clinico-Anatomical Elucidation of Teres Minor Muscle
Authors:   Department of Anatomy, VMMC & Safdarjung Hospital, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi-110029., Mehta Vandana
Published: December 2020

Rotator cuff muscles (RCM) are the dynamic stabilisers of glenohumeral joint. Rotator cuff disorders are common and hence RCM have been the area of interest for researchers. Teres minor, a RCM, assists in lateral rotation at shoulder joint. Among all the RCM, anatomical variations in teres minor muscle have been least documented in literature and hence considered as a neglected muscle. The aim of the present study was to explore variant morphology, insertion sites and patterns of insertion of teres minor muscle. Sixty adult embalmed human cadavers were dissected to delineate the fibers of teres minor muscle, from their site of origin on scapula up to the site of insertion on the humerus. Variant morphology along with unusual pattern and site of insertion of teres minor muscle was noted in two (3.33%) cadaveric specimens. The results of the present study highlight the continuous phylogenetic change taking place in a RCM. Familiarity about the variation reported is paramount for the surgeons planning rotator cuff surgery and other invasive procedures in shoulder region. The current data will be significant for radiologist interpreting magnetic resonance imaging scans to report post-operative outcome of rotator cuff surgeries.
Critical Thinking Dispositions and Self-esteem among Nursing Students
Authors:   Department of Nursing, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Jalan Jasmin, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia. Tel: +603-9769 2429 Email: hngsiewhong@upm.edu.my, Siew Hong Hng
Published: December 2020

Critical thinking skill is an important skill for nurses to make a better clinical decision in providing safe care. Critical thinking dispositions development is supported with sufficient self-esteem. The present study aimed to measure the level of critical thinking disposition and self-esteem among undergraduate nursing students in a public university in Malaysia. A cross-sectional study was carried out in a university involving 99 students. Data were collected by self-report questionnaires and analysed quantitatively. A total of 97% of the nursing student had a high level of critical thinking dispositions. Almost¾3/4 of the students had a moderate level of perceived self-esteem (74.7%). The critical thinking dispositions were significantly related to perceived self-esteem (p<0.044). Overall, the nursing student of this study had high critical thinking disposition and moderate self-esteem, which is very important for them to become a good nurse with critical thinking skill in the future.
Molecular Subtyping of Paediatric Medulloblastoma by Immunohistochemistry
Authors:   Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Bandar Tun Razak, 56000 Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia., Tan Geok Chin
Published: December 2020

Four core molecular subgroups of medulloblastomas have recently been introduced disparate by their transcriptional profile, all of which have different prognostic value. We aimed to determine the histological variants and molecular subtypes of medulloblastomas by immunohistochemistry in our population, and to correlate that with clinicopathological parameters. Seventeen patients aged four-month to 14.3 years diagnosed with medulloblastoma were recruited from year 2002 to 2017. All medulloblastomas were assigned to various histological variants and molecular subgroups by immunohistochemistry surrogate markers (YAP-1 and beta catenin). They were then correlated with clinicopathological parameters and outcomes. Classic histology (76.5%) was the commonest, followed by large cell/anaplastic (LCA) (17.6%) and desmoplastic/nodular (DN) variants (59%). The most frequent molecular subgroup was non-SHH/WNT tumours (64.7%), seconded by SHH tumours (35.3%). Among the SHH tumours, 66.7% was classic histology and the remaining 33.3% was LCA variant. Interestingly, one DN histology demonstrated YAP-1 and beta catenin immunonegativity, denoting non-SHH/WNT molecular subgroup. Majority (88.2%) medulloblastomas were at midline 4th ventricle location, including DN variant. Estimated three-year diseasefree- survival (DFS) and overall-survival (OS) was 60% and 86.7%, respectively. Age <3 years at diagnosis, tumour size >5 cm, LCA histology and high risk group were inversely correlated with DFS, with early relapse. Infant <3-year-old had worse OS. Other factors had no significant impact on DFS and OS. We had demonstrated the feasibility of simple immunohistochemistry-based surrogate markers (YAP-1 and beta catenin) to stratify medulloblastomas into distinct molecular subtypes. Prognostic and predictive values of YAP-1 immunomarker in medulloblastomas however await further investigations.
Evaluation of Two Different Doses of Pre-Emptive Intravenous Magnesium Sulphate as Post- Operative Adjunct Analgesia after Gynaecological Surgery
Authors:   Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Bandar Tun Razak, 56000 Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, Ooi Su Min Joanna
Published: December 2020

This study compared the analgesic effects of pre-emptive intravenous magnesium sulphate of different dosages in patients undergoing lower abdominal gynaecological surgery. Fifty-six patients with Body Mass Index (BMI) <35 kg/m2 who underwent lower abdominal gynaecological surgery were randomly recruited into two groups. Group I received one ampoule (2.47 g) of magnesium sulphate and Group II received 50 mg/kg magnesium sulphate (based on body weight), pre-operatively. Pain score and patient controlled analgesia (PCA) morphine requirement were compared at 30 minutes, 12 hours and 24 hours post-operatively. The pain score was comparable at all intervals between the two groups (30 minutes, p = 0.450; 12 hours, p = 0.402; and 24 hours, p = 1.000). Post-operative PCA morphine requirement was not statistically significant between the two groups at 30 minutes, 12 hours, and 24 hours (2.7 vs 2.4 mg, p = 0.545; 12.5 vs 9.8 mg, p = 0.154; 7.7 vs 6.4 mg, p = 0.323). The side-effects of magnesium sulphate on blood pressure, heart rate and sedation were not statistically significant between the two groups. In conclusion, the analgesic effects of pre-emptively administered intravenous MgSO4 of 2.47 g (one ampule) was comparable to 50 mg/kg in patients with BMI less than 35 kg/m2 following lower abdominal gynaecological surgery under general anaesthesia with negligible side effects.
Meal Skipping among Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) and Its Associations with Glycaemic Control, Eating Out of Home and Binge Eating
Authors:   Department of Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Bandar Tun Razak, 56000 Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, Tohid. Hizlinda
Published: December 2020

Meal skipping is a common way to restrict diet, but its practice by patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) remains undetermined due to the scarcity of the research. The main aim of this study was to assess how common patients with T2DM skipped meals. Its associations with sociodemographic and clinical characteristics, HbA1c, eating out of home and binge eating were examined too. This cross-sectional study was conducted in 2015 among 203 patients at a public healthcare clinic in Kuala Lumpur. A self-administered questionnaire including the Malay-version Binge Eating Scale was used. The proportions of participants who frequently skipped meals and ate out of home were 41.4% and 61.6%, respectively. Only 2% of them had binge eating disorder. Multiple logistic regression showed only Chinese was significantly associated with frequent meal skipping compared to Malay (adjusted odds ratio: 0.36; 95% confidence interval: 0.16-0.77; p value= 0.009) after controlling for age, employment status, educational status, HbA1c, presence of complication, type of treatment, eating out of home and binge eating. In conclusion, meal skipping was a frequently practised eating behaviour. Eating out of home was common too, but binge eating was rare. Meal skipping was not influenced by both eating practices and it had insignificant associations with glycaemic control. Cultural and religious factors may play an important role in defining their eating practice. Further studies are needed to assess the safety and acceptability of this practice, but clinically, its effects must be individually examined to prevent unwanted consequences on their health.
Fleet Enema: A Straight Up Method of Management in Tar Burn Injuries
Authors:   Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Jalan Yaacob Latiff, Bandar Tun Razak, 56000 Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia., Imran Farrah-Hani
Published: December 2020

Tar burns though classified as a chemical injury, because of the difference in mechanism of injury and the difficulty in removing the agent from skin without causing further skin damage, presents a difficult problem to solve. More so, when paediatric patients are involved. Tar burns are usually an occupational injury in nature and are observed mostly in adult males. Here we present two cases, i.e. a six-year-old boy and a 15-year-old girl who sustained tar burns and were successfully treated with Fleet® Mineral oil enema and paraffin tulle Bactigras®, readily available in a hospital environment.
Umiejętność uczenia się jako jedna z kompetencji kluczowych – perspektywa nauczycieli języków obcych
Authors: Jaworska Mariola
Published: December 2020

The article discusses the ability to learn as a key competence analysed in the context of the implementation of the assumption of the European policy and Polish regulations in this regard by foreign language teachers. The study contains results of poll research aimed at verifying the opinions and attitudes of respondents related to their influence on the language learning competencies of their students. Results show that although the definite majority of teachers find this aspect to be important and declare that they take it into account when planning and organising classes, their knowledge on the matter is not structured and rather fragmentary. Few responses of research subjects indicate a holistic perception of the matter and conscious organisation of the learning and teaching process in this regard.
Bakhtin’s ‘borrowed’ voices in the narratives of Polish-born adolescents living in the UK
Authors: Young Sara
Published: December 2020

Bakhtin’s theory of ‘heteroglossia’ has often been used in sociolinguistics to examine questions of multilingualism. However, his concept of ‘borrowed’ voices is also useful for work that investigates identity, especially in the investigation of participant narratives. In my study of ethnic-linguistic identity construction of Polish-born adolescents living in the UK, I draw on the concept of borrowed voices to explore how the adolescents shape their narratives of their experiences. The findings suggest that the adolescents’ accounts are informed by the voices of others around them and that they borrow from discourses on Polish identity as they attempt to make sense of their experiences in their new environments.
Tekstowe figury pamiętania w preambule konstytucji a kształtowanie pamięci kulturowej narodu
Authors: Kowalczyk Joanna
Published: December 2020

The article describes the possibility of storing and reconstructing collective memory in the text of the preamble to the Constitution. The source material, which was analyzed, was the introduction to the currently binding constitution of the Republic of Poland. The aim of the study was to identify and describe fragments of the preamble, having a real potential of influence on shaping the social memory of the community. The methodology of cultural memory, proposed by Aleida and Jan Assmann, became a methodological basis for the conducted observation, with particular emphasis on the assumptions about the figures of memory, that is facts or objects, recalling memories or imaginations about memories.
Özel Öğrenme Güçlüğü Olan Bireylerin Okuduğunu Anlama Becerileri Konusunda Gerçekleştirilmiş Araştırmaların İncelenmesi
Authors: YILDIZ Müslüm , MELEKOĞLU Macid Ayhan
Published: December 2020

Öğrenme güçlükleri bireylerin akademik başarılarına olumsuz yönde etki edebilmektedir ve okuma, yazma, matematik, okuduğunu anlama ve konuşma gibi birçok alanda görülmekle birlikte bu güçlükler bireyden bireye farklı boyutlarda ve etkilerde kendini gösterebilmektedir. Bu alanlardan biri olarak okuduğunu anlama, bireylerin bir metni okuma ve okuduklarını anlama becerileriyle ilişkili olup hayat boyu hem akademik hem de kişisel öğrenmeleri için oldukça önemli bir beceridir. Alanyazın incelendiğinde, özel öğrenme güçlüğü olan bireylere yönelik birçok müdahale çalışması bulunmakla birlikte okuduğunu anlama alanına yönelik oldukça sınırlı sayıda çalışma gerçekleştirildiği görülmektedir. Dolayısıyla bu araştırmada, özel öğrenme güçlüğü olan bireylerin okuduğunu anlama becerileri konusunda 2000-2017 yılları arasında yapılmış müdahale çalışmalarının incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Bu amaç doğrultusunda, üniversitelerin e-kütüphanelerindeki veri tabanlarından faydalanılarak, Google Akademik, ERIC, ProQuest, EBSCOHost, SAGE ve Elsevier Science Direct gibi veri tabanlarında tarama gerçekleştirilmiş ve araştırmaya dâhil edilme ölçütlerini karşılayan 21 makaleye ulaşılmıştır. Ulaşılan makaleler alanyazındaki derleme çalışmaları ve uzman görüşleri doğrultusunda oluşturulan; “amaç, katılımcı özellikleri (sınıf düzeyi, cinsiyet, sayı, yaş), yöntem (araştırma desenleri), yazar sayıları, çalışmanın yayınlandığı yıl, çalışmanın yapıldığı dil ve bulgular” kategorilerine göre incelenmiştir. İncelenen makale bulguları, en çok çalışmanın hikâye haritası ve kendini yönetme stratejilerinin etkililiğine yönelik yapıldığını ortaya koymaktadır. Ayrıca çalışmaların katılımcıları açısından erkek katılımcıların sayısal anlamda daha fazla olduğu görülmektedir. Bunun yanı sıra makalelerde incelenen katılımcıların çoğunluk olarak ortaokul düzeyinde oldukları belirlenmiştir. Bu araştırma kapsamında incelenen makalelerde kullanılan stratejiler Türkiye’de hem özel öğrenme güçlüğü olan öğrencilere hem de diğer gruplara yönelik uygulanabilir. Ayrıca, özel öğrenme güçlüğü olan bireylerin okuduğunu anlama becerilerine yönelik müdahale çalışmalarının artarak devam ettirilmesi ve kullanılan farklı stratejilerin etkililiklerinin karşılaştırılmasının yararlı olacağı düşünülmektedir.
2013 Okul Öncesi Eğitim Programının Karakter Eğitimi Açısından Değerlendirilmesi
Authors: KOCALAR Evrim , BAY Erdal
Published: December 2020

Karakter eğitimi, karakterin yapı taşı olup, bireyin karakterini inşa eden eğitim olarak tanımlanmaktadır. Okul öncesi dönem çocuğun karakterinin büyük bir kısmının şekillendiği, gelecekte nasıl bir kişi olacağının temellerinin atıldığı kritik bir dönemdir. Bu dönemde çocuğa verilecek olan karakter eğitimi ve eğitimin niteliği büyük önem arz etmektedir.

Bu çalışmanın amacı, 2013 okul öncesi eğitim programını karakter eğitimi açısından analiz etmektir. Araştırmada döküman analizi yöntemi; veri toplama aracı olarak “2013 Okul Öncesi Eğitim Programı ile 2013 Okul Öncesi Eğitim Programları Etkinlik Kitabı ve 2018 Okul Öncesi Etkinlik Kitabı” kullanılmıştır. Verilerin analizi sırasında önce kodlar belirlenmiş daha sonra tema ve kategoriler çıkarılmıştır.

Araştırma sonuçlarına göre; programda en fazla dikkatli, yaratıcı, yetenekli ve bağımsız özelliklerine yer verildiği saptanmıştır. 2013 Okul Öncesi Eğitim Programı ile 2013 ve 2018 Etkinlik Kitaplarının karakter eğitimi açısından birbirleri ile uyumlarının olduğu görülmüştür. Çünkü programda en çok yer alan karakteristik özelliklerin, etkinlik kitaplarındaki etkinliklerde de yoğun bir şekilde bulunduğu görülmektedir.
Mental and nervous diseases in the Far East
Authors: Erickson E. V.
Published: December 2020

In the ethology of mental and nervous diseases in the Amur Territory, which from ancient times acquired the notorious reputation of the area with an extremely large number of suicides, alcoholics, demented and feeble-minded, as everywhere, in addition to organic diseases in general, have an outstanding condition on the one hand hereditary predisposition other.
Prof. V. Chizh. "The early diagnosis of lues cerebri" The Journal of Mental Pathology. July. 1901
Authors: Yanishevsky A.
Published: December 2020

Early recognition of brain syphilis is as difficult as it is important in practical terms, as in its early stage, brain syphilis seems to be a completely curable disease.
D. D Kotelevskiy. To scholarship about the nucleus of the upper branch of the facial nerve. Experimental research. Warsaw. 1901 year
Authors: Obraztsov B.
Published: December 2020

After giving the historical review of the question posed for the study of the issue, the author comes to the conclusion that neither the Clark nucleus, nor the abducens-facialis nucleus have resisted in the sciences. The nucleus for the upper Mendel branch and the cross of the facialis fibers are still controversial. For the facialis, only the core described by Deiters remains strictly proven. " Further, the author presents a modern view of the topography and relations of the brain stroke n. facialis and its nucleus.
La comunicación de las empresas de moda en TikTok: ASOS como caso de estudio
Authors: Villena Alarcón Eduardo , Fernández Torres María Jesús , Carmen Cristófol Rodríguez
Published: December 2020

La rápida penetración de TikTok entre los usuarios ha incentivado la presencia de las marcas de moda en esta red social para difundir sus mensajes entre sus stakeholders. Las posibilidades comunicativas que ofrece este nuevo medio social son tan numerosas que las compañías se han visto obligadas a adaptar su contenido a dicha plataforma. El sector de la moda ve en TikTok un escaparate idóneo, por su marcado carácter visual, para posicionarse. En base a esto, se plantea un estudio de caso de la empresa ASOS mediante la monitorización de TikTok. Los resultados reflejan que el esfuerzo comunicativo es creciente por parte de la firma, aunque el grado de engagement entre la marca y sus públicos debe mejorar. La investigación pone de manifiesto que el diálogo a través de los comentarios sigue siendo testimonial también en esta red social; a pesar de ofrecer un contenido de valor al usuario y generar una imagen de marca positiva.
Relevancia del Modelo 4E en las narrativas del influencer marketing: el caso Daniel Wellington
Authors: Velar Lera Marga , SanMiguel Patricia
Published: December 2020

La realidad del mercado de la moda actual demanda nuevas formas de comunicación. A través del caso de la marca de relojes millennial, Daniel Wellington, la investigación tiene como objetivo principal analizar como el modelo 4E puede ayudar a impulsar el influencer marketing desde un enfoque coherente de marca y storytelling. A partir de un análisis de contenido cuantitativo y cualitativo se mide la actividad en red tanto de la propia marca como la de los usuarios, la interacción, y la coherencia de marca a través del relato sobre una muestra de 200 publicaciones relativas al año 2019 y 2020. Los resultados confirman que el éxito de la marca radica en el poder de los micro-influencers y que este tipo de comunicación, que construye marca, responde a la estrategia del modelo 4E.
Realidad aumentada: uso estratégico en comercialización y educación
Authors: Berrios Zepeda Roberto
Published: December 2020

La realidad aumentada es un término relativamente reciente y que está en constante evolución, es una tecnología con visión directa o indirecta, que permite agregar un objeto irreal a un contexto real, creando de esta forma una nueva realidad. Se identifica dos tipos diferentes de realidad aumentada, la realidad aumentada basada en marcadores y la realidad aumentada basada en geolocalización. Este trabajo tiene como objetivo, revisar la teoría sobre realidad aumentada, sus características, su potencial uso estratégico en el área comercial y su prometedora aplicación como metodología y herramienta en la educación superior. Se identifica un potencial, para el desarrollo de contenido de realidad aumentada en las áreas profesionales de diseño y desarrollo de productos, gestión de políticas de precios, estrategias de merchandising y logística, y estrategias de comunicación de valor, además, de un interés metodológico, para fortalecer los procesos de enseñanza aprendizaje en diferentes disciplinas profesionales.
Science Engagement Scale: Adaptation, Validation and Reliability Study
Authors: TURAN GÜRBÜZ Gizem , AÇIKGÜL FIRAT Esra , AYDIN Murat
Published: December 2020

In this study, The Science Engagement Scale developed by Wang et al. (2016) was adapted to Turkish and the validity / reliability studies were conducted. The original version of the scale consists of 4 dimensions and 33 items. These dimensions are; cognitive engagement, behavioral engagement, emotional engagement, and social engagement. During the adaptation phase, the items were translated into Turkish by three experts. The Turkish forms were examined and the draft form of the scale was obtained by the researchers. Then, the two experts of the two languages were examined through the language equivalence expert form for word usage and cultural suitability. The participants of the study consisted of 519 students in 6., 7., and 8. grades studied at two secondary schools in a small scale city in south east of Turkey during the 2019–2020 academic year. Convenience sampling method was used to determine the participants. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was applied to the data obtained after the implementation. The fit index values obtained as a result of CFA (χ2 / df = 1.75; RMSEA = 0.038; SRMR = 0.049; RMR = 0.072; CFI = 0.98; NFI = 0.96) show that the 4-factor structure of the scale is acceptable. As a result of the reliability analyzes, the Cronbach alpha reliability coefficient of the Turkish form of the scale was 0.90 and the Guttman Split-half coefficient was 0.81. Finally, it can be said that the validity and reliability of the 33-item and 4-dimensional Turkish form of the scale adapted with this study can be used to determine student engagement in science classes.
A Method Against “Linguistic Imperialism”: CLIL
Authors: TÜREDİ Hümeyra
Published: December 2020

Günümüzde lingua-franca şekline dönüşmüş olan İngilizce’nin, dil eğitimi bağlamında sosyal, ekonomik, eğitsel ya da politik birçok faktörü bünyesinde barındırdığı görülmektedir. Bu makalede, dil eğitiminin politik etkileri üzerinde durularak, R. Phillipson’un “dil emperyalizmi” kavramı tartışılacaktır. Kavram, İngilizce’nin yerel kültürlere zarar verdiği ve bireyleri asimile ettiği hususuyla ilgilidir. Bu çalışmada, İçerik-temelli dil eğitim metodu, “dil emperyalizmi”ne karşı bir çözüm olarak sunulacaktır. Metod sayesinde, İngilizce öğrenirken yerel kültürün korunabileceğini gösteren amprik veriler sunulacaktır. Bu metod, anlamlı bir içerik etrafında dilin öğretilmesini hedeflemektedir. İçeriğin ve dilin aynı anda öğretilmesi söz konusudur. Bu çalışmada metodun içeriği, Türk Sanat Tarihi olarak seçilmiş ve metod, 30 kişilik deney grubuna bir eğitim-öğretim dönemi boyunca uygulanmıştır. Öğrencilerin Türk Sanat Tarihi konusunda yeterince bilgiye sahip olmamaları, sanatın hayal gücünü geliştiren ve psikolojik terapi bağlamında bireyleri iyileştiren yönlerinin bulunması, Sanat Tarihi içeriğinin seçilmesinde etkili olmuştur. Eylem Araştırma metodunun kullanıldığı bu araştırmada yapılan ön-testler ve son-testler aritmetik ortalama yöntemiyle değerlendirilmiştir. Ayrıca açık uçlu sorular, söyleşi, gözlem defteri ve röportaj yöntemleri de değerlendirmeye dahil edilmiştir. Bir dönem boyunca deney grubuna uygulanan İçerik-temelli İngilizce dil eğitimi neticesinde, grubun Türk Sanat Tarihi bilgisinde artış olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Deney ve kontrol gruplarının İngilizce’yi benzer oranda öğrendiği ancak kontrol grubunun Türk Sanat Tarihiyle ilgili herhangi bir bilgiye sahip olamadığı görülmüştür. Dolayısıyla İngilizce dil öğretimi sırasında, yerel kültür bağlamında İçerik-temelli Dil öğreniminin gerçekleştirilmesi, İngilizce’nin hegemonatik dil olarak ortaya çıkarabileceği asimilatif etkenleri azaltacaktır.
Efectos de la sostenibilidad y del valor logístico en las relaciones entre empresas de transporte marítimo
Authors: Justavino-Castillo Milva Eileen , Gil-Saura Irene , Fuentes-Blasco María
Published: December 2020

El objetivo de este trabajo fue analizar cómo la sostenibilidad (económica, social y ambiental), bajo el enfoque de triple línea base, afecta la calidad de servicio, el valor logístico y la satisfacción en empresas del sector marítimo. Se propone un modelo teórico que se contrasta con la información suministrada por una muestra de 50 responsables de empresas (transitarios, importadores y exportadores) en Panamá. La información se analiza mediante la estimación de regresión por mínimos cuadrados parciales, que permite confirmar el carácter multidimensional de la sostenibilidad y del valor logístico. Los resultados también confirman que las percepciones de los clientes sobre las iniciativas de sus proveedores, con base en este enfoque, poseen la capacidad de impulsar su satisfacción a través de la calidad y el valor; esto demuestra los beneficios de llevar a cabo tales iniciativas y, con ello, su alcance a nivel global.