bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Correlation of Arthroscopic and Clinical Examinations With Magnetic Resonance Imaging Findings of Injured Knees in Children and Adolescents
Authors: Stanitski Carl L.
Published: July 2017

This study evaluated the correlation among clinical diagnosis, magnetic resonance imaging reports, and arthroscopic findings in 28 patients aged 8 to 17 years (average, 14.4) with knee injuries. Meniscal, anterior cruciate ligament, and articular surface injuries were evaluated. A highly positive correlation (78.5%) was found between clinical and arthroscopic findings. A highly negative correlation was found between arthroscopic and magnetic resonance imaging findings (78.5%) and between clinical and magnetic resonance imaging findings (75%). In this series, accuracy, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, sensitivity, and specificity data were much more favorable from clinical examination than from magnetic resonance imaging. Overall, magnetic resonance imaging diagnoses added little guidance to patient management and at times provided spurious information.
The Relationship of the Axillary Nerve to Arthroscopically Placed Capsulolabral Sutures
Authors: Eakin Colin L. , Dvirnak Paul , Miller Chris M. , Hawkins Richard J.
Published: July 2017

Ten cadaveric shoulders (mean donor age, 60.5 years) underwent arthroscopic placement of capsulolabral sutures as performed during arthroscopic reconstruction for shoulder instability. In relation to the glenoid face, the sutures were placed anterior, anteroinferior, inferior, posteroinferior, and posterior. All sutures entered the capsule approximately 1 cm away from the glenoid and exited beneath the labrum, and were tied using arthroscopic knot-tying techniques. The shoulders were frozen in the lateral arthroscopic position of approximately 45° of abduction and 20° of flexion and sectioned in the plane of the glenohumeral joint. The axillary nerve was then dissected, and the average distance from the nerve to each suture was found to be 16.7 mm at the anterior position, 12.5 mm at the anteroinferior position, 14.4 mm at the inferior position, 24.1 mm at the posteroinferior position, and 32.3 mm at the posterior position. In no specimen was any suture closer to the axillary nerve than 7 mm. We noted a statistically significant trend for the nerve to lie closest to the anteroinferior suture and gradually recede from the remaining sutures lying more posteriorly. This anatomic study is the first to demonstrate a relatively safe margin for arthroscopic suture placement between the capsule and axillary nerve when these sutures are placed approximately 1 cm from the glenoid rim.
Treating Delusional Disorder: A Comparison of Cognitive-Behavioural Therapy and Attention Placebo Control
Authors: O'Connor Kieron , Stip Emmanuel , Pélissier Marie-Claude , Aardema Frederick , Guay Stéphane , Gaudette Gilles , Van Haaster Ian , Robillard Sophie , Grenier Sébastien , Careau Yves , Doucet Pascale , Leblanc Vicky
Published: July 2017

Objective:

Cognitive-behavioural therapy (CBT) has proved effective in treating delusions, both in schizophrenia and delusional disorder (DD). Clinical trials of DD have mostly compared CBT with either treatment as usual, no treatment, or a wait-list control. This current study aimed to assess patients with DD who received CBT, compared with an attention placebo control (APC) group.

Method:

Twenty-four individuals with DD were randomly allocated into either CBT or APC groups for a 24-week treatment period. Patients were diagnosed on the basis of structured clinical interviews for mental disorders and the Maudsley Assessment of Delusion Schedule (MADS).

Results:

Completers in both groups ( n = 11 for CBT; n = 6 for APC) showed clinical improvement on the MADS dimensions of Strength of Conviction, Insight, Preoccupation, Systematization, Affect Relating to Belief, Belief Maintenance Factors, and Idiosyncrasy of Belief.

Conclusion:

When compared with APC, CBT produced more impact on the MADS dimensions for Affect Relating to Belief, Strength of Conviction, and Positive Actions on Beliefs.
Community Adult Education: A Conceptual Analysis
Authors: Brookfield Stephen
Published: July 2017

This paper attempts to clarify what is at present semantic chaos. The author discusses the concepts of community most appropriate to adult education and integrates theoretical perspectives drawn from the literature of community adult education in the United States, Canada, and Britain. A conceptual typology is presented in which three dimensions of the community practice of adult education are identified: adult education for the community, adult education in the community, and adult education of the community. The paper concludes with a discussion of the covert value judgments and hidden assumptions implicit in definitions of community adult education.
Optimizing the Transumbilical Breast Augmentation: The 8-Year Experience of a Single Surgeon and 150 Patients
Authors: Scarlett William L. , Borsand Marvin A.
Published: July 2017

Introduction:

Since Johnson and Christ first formally described the transumbilical approach to breast augmentation in 1993, the procedure has been constantly evolving. Some surgeons have embraced this new technique and incorporated it into their daily practice, whereas others have remained skeptical of their ability to create lasting and reproducible results with this technique. This article is not meant to defend the use of transumbilical augmentation or to describe the stepwise approach to conducting the surgery. Instead, to help further optimize this procedure for both the patient and the surgeon, we address surgeons who are currently performing the procedure and review the subtleties that a single surgeon has developed over the past 8 years.

Materials and Methods:

We discuss relative indications and contraindications to performing this surgery on particular individuals and body types and review the alterations that a particular surgeon has incorporated into his practice of transumbilical augmentation, including the use of tumescent fluid for dissection of the abdominal tunnels and the implant pocket, as well as elimination of the endoscope and tissue expanders from his standard practice. We describe his use of muscle relaxants, nitroglycerin, and zafirlukast in his patients' postoperative care.

Results:

Over the course of the past 8 years, this senior surgeon has performed more than 150 transumbilical breast augmentations. The results of these surgeries have been consistent satisfaction for the patients and the physician. The surgeon has not observed an increased incidence of complications with this procedure as compared with his other approaches.

Discussion:

It is our contention that the transumbilical breast augmentation is a viable alternative approach and continues to evolve in its technique. As individual surgeons review their experiences and discuss their refinements, this procedure will continue to become more accepted by surgeons and patients alike.
Effects of Low-Level Laser-Assisted Liposuction on Plasma Triglycerides in Humans
Authors: Neira Rodrigo , Jackson Robert , Ortiz-Neira Clara , Gutiérrez Maria I. , Gutiérrez Oscar , Mestre Rafael
Published: July 2017

Introduction:

The low-level laser-assisted liposuction technique, also known as the Neira 4L technique, has been described as an adjuvant technique of liposculpture that involves the external application of an electric diode laser (635-nm wavelength at 10 Mw) for 6 minutes per area, allowing the passing of fat from the intracellular space (adipocyte) into the extracellular space (interstitial tissue). Therefore, it is possible that these fatty acids that are free in the extracellular space could pass into the bloodstream and increase plasma triglycerides.

Methods:

Blood triglyceride levels were accordingly determined in 12 healthy patients before irradiation with the Neira 4L technique, 1 hour after irradiation with the Neira 4L technique, and 30 days after surgery.

Results:

Study results indicated no significant increases in plasma triglycerides at any time when measurements were made.

Discussion:

Monitoring indicated that the Neira 4L technique does not increase blood triglycerides above normal values at 1 hour after irradiation or at 30 days after surgery.
Endoscopic CO2 Laser-Assisted Capsulotomy—A New Therapeutic Method for Correcting Capsular Contracture
Authors: Perenack Jon D. , Tobin Howard
Published: July 2017

Introduction:

Capsular contracture presents as a common and frustrating complication of breast augmentation surgery. Various strategies have been recommended for resolving this problem, including both closed and open techniques. However, morbidity associated with previously described procedures has left the clinician without a fully satisfactory solution. In this retrospective study, we report our experience with the endoscopic laser-assisted capsulotomy and suggest that it provides a safe, effective method of treating capsular contracture while minimizing morbidity.

Materials and Methods:

The endoscopic, laser-assisted capsulotomy is a technique that has been utilized for 10 years by the senior author and is presented here with our experience in 28 consecutive affected breasts treated over a 5- year period. The operation consists of a small periareolar access incision into the capsule space, followed by capsular release utilizing a CO2 Ultrapulse laser visualized with a 4-mm endoscope and specialized sleeve developed by the senior author. In this retrospective study, each patient was assessed by the senior author both pre- and postoperatively. Capsular contracture was graded according to Baker's classification method. Postoperative complications and their respective frequencies were also noted.

Results:

Of the 11 patients that initially presented with a Baker score of IV, 9 patients (82%) achieved an acceptable result after laser-assisted endoscopic capsulotomy. One patient (9%) had a final Baker score of III, but was pleased with the result and did not seek further treatment. One patient saw no change in Baker score and underwent a second endoscopic capsulotomy. A final Baker score of I was then achieved. Of the 16 patients that began with a Baker score of III, 15 (94%) achieved an acceptable result. One patient (6%) saw no change in Baker score but elected to forego further treatment. One patient that presented with an objectionable Baker grade II contracture achieved a Baker score of I following treatment. Complications noted included: intraoperative bleeding requiring drain placement in 3 patients, scar hypopigmentation in 1 patient, superficial skin infection in 1 patient that responded to oral antibiotics, and asymmetry between the operated and unoperated breast in 2 patients that did not require correction. Late-term complications included: 4 patients presented with recurrent capsule formation. All underwent a second capsulotomy procedure with acceptable results.

Conclusion:

To our knowledge, this is the first report of use of the CO2 Ultrapulse laser for this purpose. The capsuloscope sleeve used was developed by the senior author. The technique was effective in correcting capsular contracture, while minimizing complications, scarring, and patient morbidity.
Community Planning and Land Use Planning in Scotland
Authors: Peel Deborah , Lloyd Greg
Published: July 2017

This article explores the ways in which the inherited fragmentation of public services and associated delivery arrangements are being addressed in Scotland. Specifically, the article considers the modernization of an established part of local governance — land use planning, and a novel articulation of modernization through community planning. There are important differences between them, yet they share common interests in securing the integration of service. Through a synthesis of research evidence, emerging policy documentation and consultation responses, we address three questions. First, is the emphasis on integration in both land use planning and community planning helping to address the fragmented state? Second, how are land use planning and community planning adapting to local circumstances? Third, what is the nature of the relationship between these different attempts to plan for local communities? The article considers to what extent this turn to integration within and between land use planning and community planning is constructive.
Book Review: Rajiv Joshi, Cases in Marketing and Strategy
Authors: Mitra Suddhachit
Published: July 2017

Rajiv Joshi, Cases in Marketing and Strategy, 2014, Delhi: Bookwell, 200 pp., ₹995. ISBN 978-93-80574-55-4
Eastern Housing Limited: Marketing Strategies of a Real Estate Company in Bangladesh
Authors: Ahmed Jashim Uddin , Sultana Hafiza , Faroque Anisur R.
Published: July 2017

The case study investigates the key competitive advantages, marketing strategies, opportunities and challenges of Eastern Housing Limited (EHL), the oldest and largest company in the real estate industry of Bangladesh. EHL was created in 1964 as a private limited company to reduce the housing problems of Dhaka, Bangladesh. Over the last 50 years, EHL has successfully completed many large land and flat projects and gradually became the pioneer in the private housing industry of the country. The company strives for continuous improvement by focusing on marketing strategies, such as shifting its product line and target market, offering flexible pricing and becoming more customer oriented by building long-term customer relationship. However, in recent years, the company has encountered fierce competition from other players in the market and lost monopoly leadership. The study highlights how EHL is focusing on its marketing strategies to increase its market share and carefully planning to be more aggressive in addressing the challenges lying ahead.
Asia: B.K. Narayan: Anwar el Sadat: Man With A Mission. Vikas Publishing House, New Delhi, 1977, x, 162p. Rs. 35.
Authors: Abidi A.H.H.
Published: July 2017

GALAL EL-RASHIDI: The Arabs and the World of the Seventies. Vikas Publishing House, New Delhi, 1977, xii, 142p. Rs. 35.
Foreign Policy: America: William Shawcross: Side-show: Kissinger, Nixon and the Destruction of Cambodia. Fontana Paperbacks, Suffolk, England, 1980, 467 p., £1.95.
Authors: Singh S. Nihal , Shahabuddin Syed
Published: July 2017

R. P. Kaushik and Susheela Kaushik: Back to the Front: The Unfinished Story in Vietnam. Orient Longman Ltd., New Delhi, 1979, vi, 120 p., Rs. 35.
India: Regional Political Developments: Anjali Ghosh: Peaceful Transition to Power: A Study of Marxist Political Strategies in West Bengal 1967–77. Firma KLM, Calcutta, 1981, 174 p., Rs. 80
Authors: Roy Ranajit , Ghosh Anjali
Published: July 2017

BALRAJ PURI: Jammu and Kashmir: Triumph and Tragedy of Indian Federalisation. Sterling Publishers, New Delhi 1981, x, 280 p., Rs. 90
Levinas and Marion on Law and Freedom: Toward a new dialectical theology of justice
Authors: Wallenfang Donald
Published: July 2017

There is a perennial ambiguity within the relationship between law and human freedom. Does law inherently promote freedom or restrict it? Emmanuel Levinas (1906–95) proposes that law – precisely Torah – is the gateway of freedom to the degree that law attests to the obligatory summons to responsibility for the other. In his 1964 Talmudic lecture entitled, ‘The Temptation of Temptation’, Levinas presents the paradoxical beginning of freedom in ‘a non-freedom which, far from being slavery or childhood, is a beyond-freedom…overcoming the temptation of evil by avoiding the temptation of temptation’. However, Levinas’s turn to Torah is not enough. His ethical phenomenology of proclamation must be paired with a contemplative phenomenology of manifestation so as not to engender action without considering what exactly gives itself to act upon. Enter Jean-Luc Marion (1946–). While Levinas’s attention to the call of the other opens the ears to ethical exigency, Marion’s attention to givenness opens the eyes to contemplative recognition of phenomena as they give themselves by themselves. An adequate assessment of the relationship between law and freedom requires a holistic phenomenology rooted in the polarity between ethics and givenness. The paradoxical relationship between law and freedom can be comprehended clearly only through a combined methodology which harnesses the fruitful tension between metaphysics and phenomenology. This article traces these dialectical relationships in method in order to account for the paradoxical relationship between law and freedom. Altogether, a move toward a new dialectical theology will be made that metes out justice to God, to humanity, and to the entire cosmos.
Mysticism and the Atonement: Experiential insights from Evelyn Underhill
Authors: Wrigley-Carr Robyn
Published: July 2017

This article brings together two concepts rarely coupled: the doctrine of the Atonement and mysticism. Evelyn Underhill argues they are ‘two sides of a greater whole’ and that experiential engagement with the relational reality of the Atonement is essential to gain a fuller understanding. Simply engaging intellectually with the Atonement means the richness of the concept is reduced and the mystery is destroyed. The influence of Baron Friedrich von Hügel on Underhill’s spiritual formation is described before outlining Underhill’s mystical encounters with Christ and her growth in worship. The proper response to the Atonement is not dry, theoretical, lifeless argument, but rather vibrant adoration and wonder. In our fast-paced, contemporary world, the praying theologian who engages experientially with the reality of theological concepts is what is most needed in theological engagement.
Hebraic republican exclusivism: An assessment of Eric Nelson’s argument
Authors: McDougall Derek
Published: July 2017

Eric Nelson in The Hebrew Republic argues that a revival of Hebraic studies in 17th-century England led to the emergence of a republican exclusivism, exemplified particularly in the work of John Milton. Thomas Hobbes and Baruch Spinoza went to lengths to reject the exclusivist argument. Republican exclusivism had some impact in the English Revolution, and was also an influence in the American Revolution, mainly through the advocacy of Thomas Paine. British-American models of government, incorporating the ‘republican’ dimension in different ways, have subsequently had a significant influence in many parts of the world. Whether republican exclusivism has been the major theme in modern political thought is more debatable; it is contended that social contract theory in various forms has been more significant.
Is Career Guidance Effective? Evidence from a Longitudinal Study in England
Authors: Bimrose Jenny , Barnes Sally-Anne
Published: July 2017

International, European and UK policy documents have recently drawn attention to the strategic importance of career guidance for lifelong learning and the labour market. However, there are gaps in the evidence relating to its positive impacts. A five-year research study is currently underway in England, which is examining the exact nature of effective guidance and how it affects clients' lives. Fifty in-depth case studies have been completed (2003–2004) and clients are being followed up over a four-year period (2004-2007). Client perceptions of guidance have been compared with practitioner perceptions and those of a third party (an ‘expert witness’). Strategies and skills used by practitioners have been scrutinised, together with the structures of service provision. The first follow-up has examined the impact of guidance on clients one year on. Findings presented in this paper are based on the initial two phases of the study (2003-2005).
Extremists and Fundamentalism: The Return to Paradise
Authors: Kelly Robert J. , Cook William J.
Published: July 2017

Two types of religious orientations, Islamic and Christian Fundamentalism, are examined in relation to whether or not, and to what degree, their ideas and doctrines promote terrorism. It is argued that totalitarianism forms the taproot of political violence.

“We dream much of Paradise, or rather of a number of successive Paradises, but each of them is, long before we die, a Paradise Lost, in which we should feel ourselves lost also.”

M. Proust

Cities of the Plain (1927).
The Relationship Between Domestic Protest and Oppositional Political Terrorism in Connection with the Gulf Conflict
Authors: Ross Jeffrey Ian
Published: July 2017

The author quantitatively tests eight interrelated hypotheses about the relationship between protests against the allies' participation in the Gulf War and the use of oppositional political terrorism connected to this crisis. Both visual inspection of the data and quantitative analysis supports the relationship between non-Gulf Conflict related terrorism, protest connected to the Gulf Conflict and Gulf-related terrorism. Characteristics of protests, such as number of protesters and presence of violence, however, make negligible contributions to Gulf-specific terrorism. However, these variables in combination with the number of days the coalition forces were in the Gulf account for a moderate amount of the variance. There is also a significant relationship between protest and terrorism as a function of the period of conflict. Whereas protests are high and terrorism is low in period one, the reverse is true for the last period.
Terrorism and Community Policing
Authors: Bryett Keith
Published: July 2017

Commentaries on the diversity of the role of police in the liberal democracies and, indeed, of the difficulties in identifying all of its components are manifest Whilst there are developments, like the tendency for investigative functions to become the province of specialized agencies, which have the potential to ease this problem other conflictual duties remain. Among these “other” duties is the need to respond to terrorist violence, a capability which requires skills quite different to those of the competent, community-oriented police officer. The outcome of this requirement is that at least in the early stages it is the community-based, local officers who will have to face the terrorists. The consequence, it is argued, is that counter-terrorist capabilities must continue to sit uneasily beside community-based skills. This can be seen as something of an Achilles heel in the development of community policing.
Studying Delta Force or Death Squads: The Politics of Hostage Negotiations
Authors: Klein George C.
Published: July 2017

Is the study of terrorism too narrowly focused? Does it miss the broader context of the behavior it studies? Are researchers asking the right questions? We can explore these issues by examining one form of terrorism—hostage-taking. The response to these incidents is usually hostage negotiation. This technique is very successful because of the ability of the police or military to “contain and negotiate.” Most experts in the field have focused on the negotiations within such operations. If we examine the containment aspect of these sieges we can see that the decision to contain, and not to assault, the hostage-taker is the key to the success of most negotiations. However, this decision is a political decision. And, unless the role of politics is examined in the study of terrorism social scientists will forever be tied to conservative policies and practices. As a result, they will continue to miss the other, and more important, form of terrorism—state terrorism.
Development of a Strain-Rate Dependent Model for Uniaxial Loading of SMA Wires
Authors: Prahlad Harsha , Chopra Inderjit
Published: July 2017

This paper describes a modeling approach to incorporate the effects of nonquasistatic loading on the extensional behavior of an SMA wire. Experimental results under a variety of loading conditions indicate that the instantaneous temperature of the material is closely related to the applied strainrate in the material. In order to predict this behavior, a coupled thermo-mechanical analysis with the rate form of SMA constitutive models is formulated. The temperatures and temperature rates are not prescribed, but are derived from energy conservation of the material. The stress rate is simultaneously derived using the rate form of SMA constitutive models. Important parameters governing heat transfer such as specific heat, heat transfer and latent heat are modeled and validated with experimental data. For the material tested (0.38 mm diameter SMA wire), the quasistatic strain rate below which no significant deviation in material characteristics are observed was empirically determined to be about 0.0005/s. At a strain rate of 0.01/s, the transformation stresses in the material are increased by approximately 0.5 × 10 8 Pa, accompanied by an increase in temperature of about 2°C over the quasistatic values. The predictions for the stress-strain curves are compared with experimental data at different strain rates over a range of environmental temperatures, and are found to be in good qualitative agreement. The model is also shown to be in good qualitative agreement with the experimental behavior under more complex loading conditions involving two different strain rates of loading. Parametric variation of the model coefficients is discussed. Although the qualitative aspects of the model are in good agreement with experimental data, it is argued that more comprehensive estimation of the model parameters is required to assess the quantitative aspects of the model. The model described in the paper uses the rate forms of the Brinson model. However, it is equally applicable with a modified rate-dependant form of any other quasistatic model describing SMA behavior.
William Allen White
Authors: Mahin Helen O.
Published: July 2017

The following article, by Professor Helen O. Mahin of the University of Kansas, was written for the Bulletin at the request of the editor. Miss Mahin's acquaintance with the work of Mr. White is the result of a careful study of his life and newspaper activity.—Editor.
The Legal Problem of the Police Blotter
Authors: Steigleman Walter A.
Published: July 2017

Mr. Steigleman, graduate assistant in the School of Journalism, University of Wisconsin, has served for more than ten years with the Associated Press and newspapers in the East. This study was directed by Professor Frank Thayer.
Journalism—What is it? A Re-definition
Authors: Kearl Bryant
Published: July 2017

Mr. Kearl here discusses the inadequacies of dictionary definitions of “journalism,” and offers a new one. He is an assistant in the Department of Agricultural Journalism, University of Wisconsin.
Council on Education for Journalism “Statement of Policy”
Authors: Rogers Charles E.
Published: July 2017

The following statement was adopted in 1942 by the Council on Education for Journalism, and was included in the Council's report at the informal AASDJ meeting in Chicago, January 9, 1943.
Press and Communications: An Annotated Bibliography of Journalism Subjects in American Magazines
Authors: Merwin F. E. , Baskette F. K.
Published: July 2017

The press and radio received their most difficult assignment of World War II when American, British, and Canadian troops landed on the beaches of Normandy on June 6. A large number of articles listed in this bibliography described how the twin problems of censorship and news coverage were overcome.

Results of readership surveys conducted by newspapers and radio chains provoked interest and also argument.

Increasing interest was noted in the position of the newspaper both at home and abroad in the building of the civilization to follow the war.

F. E. M.
Quantitative Survey of Aasdj Schools and Departments of Journalism
Authors: Rogers Charles E.
Published: July 2017

Professor Rogers, chairman of the AASDJ Council on Education for Journalism, here analyzes and interprets the most comprehensive compilation of data yet assembled on facilities and programs of the Associations member institutions.
News Notes
Authors: Beth Elmer F.
Published: July 2017

News for inclusion in this section … activities of schools and departments of journalism, staff appointments and changes, curricular developments and the like … must reach Professor Beth, School of Journalism, University of Kansas, by the first of the month preceding publication. News for the March issue must reach him by February 1.
The Journalism Teacher Faces the Atomic Age
Authors: Merwin Frederic E.
Published: July 2017

This was the presidential address at the convention of the American Association of Teachers of Journalism in Columbus, Ohio, on January 26. Dr. Merwin is director of the School of Journalism at Rutgers University.
The AP Antitrust Case in Historical Perspective
Authors: Swindler William F.
Published: July 2017

The new vice-president of the AATJ provides valuable background on the recent Supreme Court decision. Dr. Swindler did his Ph.D. thesis at the University of Missouri on phases of international law affecting communications.
News Notes
Authors: Beth Elmer F.
Published: July 2017

News for inclusion in this section … activities of schools and of journalism, staff appointments and changes, curricular developments and the like … must reach Professor Beth, School of Journalism, University of Kansas, by the first of the month preceding publication. News for the June issue must reach him by May 1.
Press and Communications: An Annotated Bibliography of Journalism Subjects in American Magazines
Authors: Swindler William F. , Reddick Dewitt C. , Price Granville
Published: July 2017

Labor-management relations in the newspaper industry were building up to the gravest crisis since the days of the early Guild organization in the fall of 1947 as the International Typographical Union voted a showdown on the Taft-Hartley act and the publishers’ associations lined up to oppose them. The continuing rise in the cost of newsprint added to the production problems in the publishing field. In the editorial field, the formation of a new national association of editorial writers and a new continuing study of AP news reports emphasized the newspapers’ interests in improved reading matter. The question of international news freedom reached the United Nations in several forms, and at once resulted in the usual lineups of opposing groups in favor of or opposed to lessened controls over information.—W. F. S.
News Notes
Authors: Miller Douglass W.
Published: July 2017

News for inclusion in this section … activities of schools and departments of journalism, staff appointments and changes, curricular developments and the like … must reach Professor Miller, Division of Journalism, Stanford University, California, by the first of the month preceding publication. News for the March issue must reach him by February 1.
Press and Communications: An Annotated Bibliography of Journalism Subjects in American Magazines: November, December 1948; January 1949
Authors: Swindler William F.
Published: July 2017

The historic upset of virtually all interpretations of public opinion polls in the Presidential election in November was perhaps the most striking journalistic event of 1948. The need for intensive self-examination and technical improvements became the order of business not only for poll takers but for the whole structure of market research which had been built upon them. The fact that for the fifth consecutive Presidential election the American press had supported the candidate rejected by the electorate was also a subject of considerable discussion by laymen and practitioners. Vastly shaken public confidence, as well as the rapid development of a powerful new competitor in the form of television, pointed to a need for major reforms in editorial methods and services of newspapers—an awareness of which was somewhat manifested in the growth of regional press institutes in several additional schools of journalism.—W. F. S.
Age, Education, Economic Status: Factors in Newspaper Reading
Authors: Schramm Wilbur , White David M.
Published: July 2017

Findings of a recent Illinois readership study are presented here with a discussion of their implications. Dr. Schramm is director of the Institute of Communications Research, University of Illinois. Dr. White, head of the Bradley University journalism department, will join the Boston University faculty this fall.
Problems of Journalism: A Selective Subject Index
Authors: Swindler William F.
Published: July 2017

A useful teaching and research aid to journalism teachers for a quarter-century has been the annual volume of Proceedings of the American Society of Newspaper Editors, published under the title, Problems of Journalism. Each year since 1923, except for 1945, the Society has published its Proceedings and made them available to journalism libraries. However, the lack of a cumulative index has presented obvious difficulties in making full use of this resource, and the present subject-index, arranged to correspond as nearly as possible to the headings used in the quarterly Bibliography on Press and Communications, has been prepared as an aid to teachers and researchers. Materials have been selected on the basis of the long-term value of their content; routine business, some papers not directly relating to journalism problems, and those committee reports which were brief and often perfunctory, have been omitted.— W. F. S.
Masters’ Theses in the Field of Journalism, 1946–49
Authors: Weigle Clifford F.
Published: July 2017

This list brings up to date the compilations made for the Quarterly in 1936 by Frank Luther Mott and in 1945 by William F. Swindler. All theses are by students in schools and departments of journalism unless otherwise noted. Included are a few completed prior to 1946, but not previously listed. *

* See also the list of “Unpublished Theses on Journalism at Columbia University,” compiled by Stanley K. Bigman, in the Winter 1950 issue of the Quarterly.
An Annotated Bibliography of Journalism Subjects in American Magazines
Authors: Swindler William F. , Price Granville , Pride Armistead S. , Mosse Baskette
Published: July 2017

The formation of a special newspaper exchange for news on crime, particularly gambling, as a means of coping with a story which had long since outgrown local coverage facilities, was the most significant development of recent months. Many observers were urging newspapers to consider extending the exchange idea to handle other types of news, as a means of supplementing the wire services and syndicates. In the field of press law, the historic anti-trust suit against an Ohio newspaper on charges of conspiring to effect an advertising monopoly was turned over to the court, after testimony and arguments on both sides, with a decision expected sometime within the year. In radio, the future of television, especially color TV, continued to be the chief topic of speculation and debate.

—W. F. S.
A Selected Bibliography from Foreign Journals
Authors: Gerald J. Edward , Charnley Mitchell V. , Jensen William P. , Schneider Maarten
Published: July 2017

Abbreviations used: D, Dagspressen (Oslo); E, L'Echo de la Presse et de la Publicité (Paris); IJJ, Institute of Journalists Journal (London); J, Journalist of the National Union of Journalists (London); JD, Journalisten (Copenhagen); JN, Journalisten (Oslo); ANN, Newspaper News (Sydney); NW, Newspaper World (London); WPN, World's Press News (London).
You Can't Edit a Magazine by Arithmetic
Authors: Hibbs Ben
Published: July 2017

The editor of the Saturday Evening Post, in the annual Kansan Board dinner address at the University of Kansas, * discusses the relationship between surveys and policy in the editing process. Readership studies are “enormously helpful,” he says, but often the editor “must fly in the face of known popular appeal.”
The “Gate Keeper”: A Case Study in the Selection of News
Authors: White David Manning
Published: July 2017

In one of the first studies of its kind, all the wire stories used and all those rejected by a non-metropolitan newspaper over a seven-day period are classified by content, and the reasons given by the telegraph editor for his choices are analyzed. Dr. White is research professor of journalism at Boston University.
Articles on Mass Communications in American Magazines
Authors: Higbie Charles E. ,   Assisted, Price Granville , Pride Armistead S. , Brown Donald E.
Published: July 2017

The literature concerned with communications in American magazines during the last quarter of 1952 was overwhelmingly dominated by the subject of the relationship of radio and the press to the presidential campaign. While the election itself was resolved definitely in favor of Eisenhower, it became more and more evident that press institutions themselves in the United States may soon face a virtual decision at the bar of public opinion in regard to their ideal role in national life.

Marking the main skirmish line for the three months in question was the phrase “one-party press” which bounded from a political speech by defeated-candidate Stevenson in early September into almost every written or spoken discussion of the press since that time. Means of disproving or proving this characterization of U. S. newspapers has been the main topic of discussion at many conventions and conferences of such diversified groups as publishers, editors, union leaders, educators, congressmen, women's clubs and politicians as evidenced by following bibliography entries. Also numerous have been outright attempts at proof and disclaimer by various speakers and writers.

Also of note during the quarter were the number of articles by pollsters defining their exact position in regard to pre-election opinion figures. Most managed to be both safe and sorry, since the growing corps of polling critics contributed a great number of articles following the election pointing out ignored evidence on Eisenhower's strength with great statistical accuracy.
Research in Brief
Authors: Heer John F. , Stempel John E.
Published: July 2017

This department is devoted to shorter articles and notes on research in the communications field, either completed or in progress. Readers are invited to submit reports on investigative studies which might prove useful to other students because of content, method, or implications for further research.
Articles on Mass Communications in American Magazines
Authors: Higbie Charles E. ,   Assisted, Baker Dean C. , Brown Donald E. , Duncan Charles T. , Valleau John F. , Lincoln Armistead S. Pride
Published: July 2017

Ramifications of the impact of Senator Joseph McCarthy on American public life continued to disturb the regular order of things in several areas of mass communications. In the first quarter of 1954 the most incisive effect the senator had was in the area of radio and television where CBS commentator Edward R. Murrow devoted a program to examining and presenting various aspects of the senator's career for the benefit of his considerable network audience. This was followed by numerous comments and debates over whether the “equal time to reply” accorded to McCarthy by Murrow was required or was in the nature of a privilege.

The sale of the Washington Times-Herald by the McCormick interests to the rival Washington Post was the newspaper management event of most interest during the first quarter.
Newspaper Objectivity in the 1952 Campaign
Authors: Klein Malcolm W. , Maccoby Nathan
Published: July 2017

The usefulness of quantitative methods in judging newspaper bias is demonstrated by this investigation, in which indices of objectivity are developed for a sample of eight prominent U. S. dailies. Matched on the basis of circulation, four of the papers supported Eisenhower and four were for Stevenson.
Changes in Reader Attitudes toward Daily Newspapers
Authors: Nixon Raymond B.
Published: July 2017

Analysis reveals an increasing tendency for each paper to be judged upon its merits, regardless of whether ownership is competitive or non-competitive, local or absentee. Possible effects of television upon attitudes also are discussed in this second of a three-article series by the Quarterly editor.
Mementoes as Transitional Objects in Human Displacement
Authors: Parkin David
Published: July 2017

This article argues for a theoretical extension in anthropology from the post-Cartesian depiction of body and mind as one (rather than as separable) to the idea that this composite body-mind can be regarded as enmeshed in social trails created by the movement of objects. Movements of persons therefore occur with or in relation to the objects to which people attach themselves. Such everyday movements need to be contrasted with those dramatically resulting from forcible human displacement, in which refugees, for instance, take what items they can both for immediate practical use but also in order either to re-establish or re-define personal and collective origins. The article concludes by suggesting that, as mementoes of sentiment and cultural knowledge and yet also as bases of future re-settlement, the ‘transitional objects’ carried by peoples in crisis inscribe their personhood in flight but offer the possibility of their own de-objectification and re-personalization afterwards.
Some Social Background Variables among Smoking and Non-Smoking Primiparae
Authors: Dalaker Knut , Grünfeld Berthold , Jansen Arild
Published: July 2017

Of a population of 2 427 Norwegian primiparae, 62.7% were non-smokers, 23.0% smoked fewer than 10 cigarettes a day, and 14.3% smoked 10 or more a day. There was a significant correlation between smoking in pregnancy and age below 20 years, unmarried or previously married status, and poor education ( p<0.001). Poor housing is of less importance. The mean age of smokers (24.0 years) was significantly lower than that of non-smokers (25.8 years) ( p<0.001). The overall incidence of smoking in pregnancy was not significantly different from that in the normal population, but pregnant women under 20 smoked significantly more and those older than 24 significantly less, compared with their counterparts in a normal population ( p<0.01).
Rheumatoid Arthritis in a Medical Information System: How Valid is the Diagnosis?
Authors: Allebeck Peter , Ljungström Kjell , Allander Erik
Published: July 2017

In order to validate the Stockholm County Medical Information System with regard to rheumatoid arthritis (RA) we have studied the medical records of 276 cases coded as RA in the medical information system. We searched information on the criteria for RA from (1961) and New York (1966). 18% of the medical records lacked information to the extent that an assessment of the number of criteria fulfilled was not possible. 9% fulfilled only one New York criterion and 7% fewer than three Rome criteria. 47% fulfilled four New York criteria and 35% at least seven Rome criteria. The most complete information on criteria was found in medical records from departments of rheumatology and these had also the highest degree of criteria fulfilment. A comparison is also presented between this sample of cases and a sample of RA persons selected from the general population with regard to fulfilment of criteria.
When to Operate on Abdominal Gunshot Wounds
Authors: Salim A. , Velmahos G. C.
Published: July 2017

Historically, penetrating abdominal trauma was managed expectantly until the late 19th century. In World War I, with the high mortality and morbidity associated with penetrating abdominal trauma, operative management replaced expectant management. It was soon realized that not all penetrating abdominal injuries required an operation. Since the 1960's, selective nonoperative management of stab wounds to the anterior abdomen has become the standard of care. However, gunshot wounds to the abdomen are still treated by mandatory exploration based on an allegedly high incidence of ***intraabdominal injuries and low rate of complications, if laparotomy turns out negative. A number of series have recently surfaced, reporting successful outcomes, while decreasing morbidity and hospital length of stay, with selective non-operative management of gunshot wounds to the abdomen.

This review will address the current controversies surrounding selective nonoperative management of gunshot wounds to the abdomen and will present our experience and current approaches.
Is Positron Emission Tomography Using 18F-Fluorodeoxyglucose and 11C-Acetate Valuable in Diagnosing Indeterminate Pancreatic Masses?
Authors: Rasmussen I. , Sörensen J. , Långström B. , Haglund U.
Published: July 2017

Background:

It can be impossible to differentiate a mass forming chronic pancreatitis from adenocarcinoma of the pancreas using standard anatomical imaging. Positron emission tomography using 2-[18F] fluoro-2deoxy-D-glucose (18FDG-PET) and 1-[11C]-acetate (11C-acetate-PET) are methods taking advantage of the metabolic differences between benign and malignant tissues.

Aims:

To determine the diagnostic accuracy of 18FDG-PET and 11C-acetate-PET in indeterminate pancreatic masses.

Methods:

Twenty patients with an indeterminate mass of the head of the pancreas were prospectively studied. All patients underwent 18FDG-PET and eighteen of them 11C-acetate-PET. Scans were evaluated qualitatively and quantitatively; the later by using regional standardised uptake value (SUV). Final diagnosis was established using histopathologic evaluation of resected specimen or biopsy.

Results:

Adenocarcinoma was diagnosed in twelve patients and chronic pancreatitis in eight. Qualitative evaluation of 18FDG-PET imaging revealed three false negative and one false-positive results. The sensitivity, specificity, and diagnostic accuracy were 75 %, 88 %, and 80 %, respectively. The cut-off SUV to differentiate malignant from benign disease was 3,5 demonstrating a sensitivity of 91.7 % and a specificity of 75 %.

Conclusion:

18FDG-PET imaging could not confirm or exclude malignancy in indeterminate masses of the head of the pancreas with high sensitivity and diagnostic accuracy. 11C-acetate-PET provided no additional diagnostic benefits.
How to Be a Green Solvent User and Save Money
Authors: Conway Roy
Published: July 2017

The purpose of this article is to take a brief look at solvent coating and then to look at some of the other aspects associated with the coating process, which form an extremely important part in the equation of determining the economic and environmental viability of any system.
Novel Laminating Adhesives
Authors: Godfrey P. A.
Published: July 2017

This article describes the latest developments in water based adhesives used to laminate a range of different substrates. These latest developments have shown that under certain conditions it is possible to produce water based adhesives with similar properties to solvent based adhesives.
Diagnosing Multiple Simultaneous Faults
Authors: Reising Dal Vernon
Published: July 2017

Most recent studies of human diagnostic reasoning, or “troubleshooting,” have concentrated on the human's ability to diagnose single faults in a system. Little attention has been paid to human diagnosis of multiple simultaneous faults. Multiple faults are usually functionally unrelated, but sometimes they interact with each other, resulting in potentially confusing symptoms. An experiment was conducted to test the relative difficulty of diagnosing multiple faults whose symptoms interacted to a lesser or greater degree. The experimental test-bed was a simulated binary adder (logic circuit) into which one or more faults could be inserted by the experimenter. Four levels of objective multiple fault difficulty were identified based on the type of evidence available and the type of reasoning required to successfully diagnose the fault. Subjective mental workload and the number of tests required for each diagnosis increased as objective multiple fault difficulty rose from level 1 to 4. The time taken for a diagnosis increased as difficulty rose from level 2 to 4, but level 1 was higher than expected, suggesting difficulties that were not captured in the initial classification. Further analysis has explored these finding through performance measures and verbal protocols. Overall, this research indicates that multiple faults differ in how readily they can be diagnosed. However performance and subjective mental workload depend upon a number of factors that are now just starting to be understood, including the ease and speed of extracting the sufficient evidence for diagnosis, prior exposure to the constituent faults, and the testing strategy used by troubleshooters.