bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Strategies for rendering multilingualism in subtitling for the deaf and hard of hearing
Authors: Szarkowska Agnieszka , Żbikowska Jagoda , Krejtz Izabela
Published: September 2021

In this paper we present a set of strategies for rendering the presence of multiple languages in multilingual films in subtitling for the deaf and hard of hearing (SDH): vehicular matching, explicit attribution, colour-coding and linguistic homogenisation. We also report on an online study among deaf and hard of hearing Polish participants regarding their preferences for specific SDH strategies. The findings show that, even when they do not know the foreign language involved, most participants prefer more informative strategies where indications of multilingualism are made explicit.
Developing assessment instruments: The effect of a reviser’s profile on the quality of the revision product
Authors: Van Rensburg Alta
Published: September 2021

Translation revision is such a new field of study that there are still very few empirical studies from which to learn more about matters such as the ideal profile of a reviser or the assessment instruments with which to determine the quality of a revision product. This article describes the development of two such assessment instruments. Instrument 1 employs categories that describe a revision product and Instrument 2 comprises a formula for quantifying the quality of a revision product. These assessment instruments were applied in an empirical study involving 30 revised translations to determine whether there is any relationship between aspects of a reviser’s profile, such as qualifications and translation and revision experience, and the quality of their revision product.
Multimodality and dubbing in video games: A research approach
Authors: Mejías-Climent Laura
Published: September 2021

This article discusses a new taxonomy of dubbing synchronies in the Spanish localized version of the video game Batman: Arkham Knight. To do so, the concept of the video game is first reviewed as the most sophisticated example of audiovisual text in terms of its multimodal nature. The article also describes how the message is conveyed through the different communication channels that form a part of its semiotic structure. Next, the research approach proposal is presented, based on the multimodal configuration of video games: game situations will be the unit of analysis used in this approach, since they are a basic unit with which to organize the content of a game and they distinguish video games as a unique type of audiovisual text. These game situations are used to analyse the specific features of dubbing and types of synchrony. Finally, some results are offered to confirm that the taxonomy of dubbing in video games discussed here applies to this particular case.
How are translations created? Using multimodal conversation analysis to study a team translation process
Authors: Hirvonen Maija , Tiittula Liisa
Published: September 2021

This article demonstrates a methodology for studying the translation process from the perspective of multimodal social interaction and applies this methodology to a case analysis of collaborative audio description. The methodology is multimodal conversation analysis, which aims to uncover the way in which multimodal communication resources (e.g., talk, gaze, gestures) are used holistically and situatedly in building human action. Being empirical and data-driven, multimodal conversation analysis observes human conduct in its natural setting. This article analyses video data from an authentic audio-description process and presents the multimodal constitution of problem-solving sequences during translating. In addition, the article discusses issues regarding the methodological choices facing researchers who are interested in human interaction in translation. The article shows that applying multimodal conversation analysis opens new avenues for research into the translation process and collaborative translation.
Encouraging legibility and comprehensibility through multimodal patient information guides
Authors: Prieto-Velasco Juan Antonio , Montalt-Resurrecció Vicent
Published: September 2021

Medical texts intended for patients are a key instrument in doctor–patient communication. Through a process of heterofunctional translation, they can be adapted to the needs and expectations of their recipients. Most techniques aimed at making reading and understanding easier are linguistic in nature, and little attention has been paid to the role played by visuals. Through a questionnaire and a focus group, this pilot study explored patients’ perception and reception of images in a patient information guide. Our main finding was that visuals depicting medical concepts can be graphical support for unfamiliar concepts and encourage comprehension of texts aimed at patients. The most useful type of visual appears to be simplified images describing concepts with clarity and preventing recipients from recalling unpleasant experiences.
A multimodal analysis of political satire: Webcomics and GIFs in Post-Arab Spring Egypt
Authors: El-Farahaty Hanem
Published: September 2021

The Egyptian Revolution in 2011 and the protests known as “the Arab Spring” resulted in an increase in the number of comic writers and amateurs who use specialist software to mix modes digitally for novel sign-making (Gursimesk, 2016; Lankshear & Knobel, 2008). These people draw creative forms of satire, including but not limited to political webcomics and Graphics Interchange Formats (GIFs) which exist alongside political cartoons. This article aims to employ a multimodal analysis of a sample of Egyptian webcomics and GIFs in order to highlight how visual design elements complement each other, in an effort to support translators and/or readers/viewers in their interpretation of the images and, by extension, in their ability to make sense of reality. With this aim in mind, this article combines Serafini’s (2010) tripartite approach to perception, structure and ideology; Kress and van Leeuwen’s (2006) discussion of elements of visual design, and Genette’s and Maclean’s (1991) approach to paratext. The analysis will also be informed by interviews with the founders and co-founders of two Facebook pages, and with a cartoonist working for Almasry Alyoum newspaper. First, the article discusses briefly the translation of comics or webcomics and GIFs, particularly the challenges of translating political webcomics and GIFs into English. The theoretical framework and a case study are then discussed in the second part.
Why methods matter: Approaching multimodality in translation research
Authors: Tuominen Tiina , Jiménez Hurtado Catalina , Ketola Anne Maria
Published: September 2021

The study of multimodal phenomena calls upon translation scholars to cross disciplinary boundaries and adopt a range of theoretical and methodological approaches. The diversity of the multimodal landscape brings about research challenges that must be carefully addressed to ensure that these research efforts yield useful and credible results. This special issue is dedicated to a discussion on how to engage in multimodal translation research: how traditional research methods can be adapted and what kinds of novel approaches can be adopted or developed in order to deal with a diversity of multimodal data. In this introduction, we first discuss definitions of mode and multimodality and reflect on the nature of multimodality as a topic of research within Translation Studies. We then explain our rationale for dedicating the special issue to research methods and introduce three areas of multimodal translation research that, in our view, merit particular attention from a methodological point of view. Finally, we introduce the articles contained in this special issue.
Díaz Cintas, J., & Nikoli?, K. (Eds.). (2018). Fast-forwarding with audiovisual translation. Bristol: Multilingual Matters
Authors: Gerber-Morón Olivia
Published: September 2021

Book review
Dicerto, S. (2018). Multimodal pragmatics and translation: A new model for source text analysis. London: Palgrave Macmillan.
Authors: Jiang Zhanhao , Tao Yuan
Published: September 2021

Book review
Accessibility manager: Creating a profile of a new profession
Authors: Zhang Xiaochun
Published: September 2021

Disability is viewed as part of the human condition. Measures aimed at promoting accessibility ensure that individuals with a disability can participate fully in society and on an equal footing with those who do not have a disability. Accessibility has been prioritized through regulations both nationally and globally. The Accessible Culture and Training project was funded by the ERASMUS + Programme of the European Union;[i]it promoted equal opportunities and access to cultural events across countries and languages. One of the main objectives of the project was to design a new job role entitled Accessibility Manager and to provide training associated with the position. This article reports on some of the intellectual outputs from the project, explains the process of defining the new job profile and discusses the skill set that has been identified. It concludes that the Accessible Culture and Training project responds appropriately to the formation of the new discipline, Accessibility Studies.[i] The Accessible Culture and Training project was funded by the ERASMUS + Programme of the European Union under the call Knowledge Alliance 2 with the reference 2015-1-ES01-KA203-015734.
New efforts? A competence-oriented task analysis of interlingual live subtitling
Authors: Pöchhacker Franz , Remael Aline
Published: September 2021

This article offers a theoretical analysis of interlingual live subtitling as a translational task with the aim of defining the skill set and competence profile to be developed by future practitioners. The outcome of this task analysis will thus serve to guide curriculum design both for training in interlingual live subtitling and for developing task-specific teaching methods. While taking account of the findings of empirical studies conducted in the context of the EU-funded Erasmus+ project, Interlingual Live Subtitling for Access[i]and related research, our line of argument is essentially deductive: models of the interpreting process and of translational competence are our essential points of departure. Our process analysis of  interlingual live subtitling, which refers to the Effort Model, will identify subprocesses and subskills. The latter will be put together in a competence model as a framework that can be filled with specific learning outcomes for training in  interlingual live subtitling.[i] This research was carried out within the framework of the European ILSA Project (for further information see www.ilsaproject.eu), though it was not part of the funded Intellectual Outputs of the project. We would like to thank our ILSA partners for their critical reading of the draft version of this article and their constructive input.
Current research in bilingualism and its implications for Cognitive Translation and Interpreting Studies
Authors: Schwieter John W. , Festman Julia , Ferreira Aline
Published: September 2021

This article discusses research in the field of bilingualism that has the potential to inform the related, albeit disconnected, field of Cognitive Translation and Interpreting Studies (CTIS). It reviews issues such as lexical access and the multilingual mental lexicon, inhibitory control and the “bilingual advantage debate”. This debate refers to the question whether bilingualism leads to cognitive advantages that monolinguals do not develop. Although these claims have not been fully tested in translators and interpreters – both novice and advanced professionals – it is plausible that if there are indeed cognitive advantages that arise from managing “two languages in one mind”, such benefits may correlate with neural and cognitive changes due to the training, accumulated experience and expertise of translators and interpreters. These topics merit inclusion in the expanding set of prominent research themes in CTIS. Future research in CTIS can use findings from bilingualism and the bilingual advantage debate to account for the peculiarities of translational cognition.
Through your skin to your heart and brain: A critical evaluation of physiological methods in Cognitive Translation and Interpreting Studies
Authors: Rojo Ana María , Korpal Paweł
Published: September 2021

This article offers a critical appraisal of two experimental methods used to provide physiological measures of stress and emotions in translation and interpreting research, namely, the analysis of heart rate and heart rate variability, and skin conductance. This is a hands-on introduction to summarize information for fellow-researchers on what these methods are and what they tell us about our body and mind as well as to offer a comprehensive summary of practical applications and analysis standards. The first part of the article introduces the ways in which emotions are experienced and processed in the brain; it provides a framework for interpreting physiological arousal and its role in the perception and construction of emotions. The second part is structured in two parallel sections devoted to each of the two experimental methods. Both sections review existing research on these methods in Translation and Interpreting Studies and discuss the way in which each can best be used in experimental research. They offer suggestions on experiment planning, measurement, data analysis and data reporting. A final remark on ethics and triangulation is offered and some emerging challenges are addressed.
Mapping cognitive translation and interpreting studies:	A bibliometric approach
Authors: Olalla-Soler Christian , Franco Aixelá Javier , Rovira-Esteva Sara
Published: September 2021

This article identifies the specific characteristics of Cognitive Translation and Interpreting Studies (CTIS) as a branch of Translation and Interpreting Studies (TIS), adopting a bibliometric approach. The main data source for this study was the Bibliography of Interpreting and Translation (BITRA), which – as at September 2019 – included more than 77,000 TIS records, covering the diversity of languages and document types used in TIS research. BTRA is the only TIS database to feature citing information. CTIS-related records were analysed, and those published between 1976 and 2015 were compared with the whole corpus of TIS research output for the same period – again, as registered in BITRA. Specifically, we analysed: (a) the general features and evolution of CTIS publications over time (by thematic co-occurrence, by title content words, by format and by language); (b) authorship, focusing on co-authorship and on the most productive authors; (c) the citation patterns of CTIS documents, including a brief analysis of its most cited authors and publications; and (d) CTIS accessibility through a study of the ratio of documents published in open access. These aspects were analysed both synchronically and diachronically so as to describe CTIS as a whole and to identify any changes over time. Our results yield a first overview of CTIS from a bibliometric perspective and provide a methodological point of departure for future bibliometric studies in this area.
A multi-methodological approach to studying time-pressure in written translation: Manipulation and measurement
Authors: Weng Yu , Zheng Binghan
Published: September 2021

The effect of time pressure on task performance of written translation has been researched since the 1990s. However, little attention has been paid to the methodological issues of manipulating and measuring time pressure in these empirical studies. To bridge this gap, we propose a methodological framework involving diverse approaches to time-pressure manipulation and measurement. Specifically, in addition to objectively constraining the time frame for a task, we present three subjective time-pressure manipulation strategies: giving pre-task instructions about time, increasing participants’ intrinsic motivation for the task, and visualizing the elapse of time. Meanwhile, a range of feasible methods of time-pressure measurement is structured from the physiological, psychological and behavioural perspectives. This includes physiological measures such as galvanic skin response, heart rate, blood pressure, pupil dilation and salivary cortisol test, psychological measures such as psychometric instruments and retrospective questionnaires, and behavioural measures such as eye movements and keystroke activities. Based on a thorough survey of existing studies and the merits borrowed from neighbouring disciplines, this article aims to strengthen and enrich the methodology of time-pressure studies and benefit future translation research on relevant topics.
Effects of thinking aloud on cognitive effort in translation
Authors: Sun Sanjun , Li Tian , Zhou Xiaoyan
Published: September 2021

This study investigates the effects of thinking aloud on cognitive effort in translation as a function of source-text difficulty level. It does so by considering time on task, duration of different translation phases (i.e., orientation, draft, revision), cognitive effort of processing the source and target texts, and translation quality. Twenty participants took part in an English–Chinese translation experiment, which comprised two matched sessions – translating while thinking aloud and translating silently. Their translation processes were recorded by means of an eye tracker and a key logger. An adapted NASA Task Load Index was employed to elicit their subjective assessments of translation difficulty levels. The quality of their translations was evaluated. The results of the study reveal a number of important effects of thinking aloud on cognitive effort during translation: on translation duration, cognitive effort, the perceived level of difficulty of a translation as measured by NASA-TLX, and on translating easier texts.
The impact of verbal working memory on written translation: Empirical evidence and an initial model
Authors: Li Jie
Published: September 2021

Working memory refers to a metaphorical mental workspace involved in the temporary storage and processing of information which has been considered a key construct in Cognitive Translation Studies. This study investigates whether verbal working memory in the translator’s first and/or second language is related to written translation speed and quality. Through three selection tests, 33 student translators in the second or third year of their Master’s in Translation and Interpreting at nine Chinese universities were selected to participate. In the first test, processing and storage capacities of verbal working memory in their first and second language were assessed separately by means of a dual-task paradigm implemented in the e-Prime software suite. In the second study, participants translated a technical text from their second language to their first language. Their behavioural data were collected with a keylogger and the quality of their translations was evaluated by four expert translators. The correlation analysis suggests that the processing function of verbal working memory in the second language does affect logged translation speed; and that the processing function of verbal working memory in the first language has an effect on translation quality. Furthermore, through regression analysis, an initial model was established, which shows the precise structure of the impact of bilingual working memory on written translation. These findings have significant implications for translation skills training. It appears that additional verbal working memory training for both first and second languages would enhance the students’ translation skills.
A critical review of the research on Translation Psychology: Theoretical and methodological approaches
Authors: Zhu Lin
Published: September 2021

Translation Psychology, as an umbrella concept, is heterogeneous and can be investigated from different perspectives. The past few decades have witnessed the development of the cognitive–psychological approach, the social–psychological approach, the gestalt–psychological approach, and the embodied cognitive approach. These interdisciplinary approaches have spawned theoretical advances and methodological innovation, and also substantial research findings in Translation Psychology, although there are some aspects awaiting improvements. This article offers a panoramic theoretical and methodological review of these approaches: it presents their achievements, discusses the problems in their theoretical development and foresees the prospect of more integrated research on translation psychology. Multidimensional research projects on translation psychology are expected, with broader coverage of more factors influencing the translator’s psychology and more holistic views of translators in their authentic, personally, socio-culturally and historically embedded environments and networks.
Autosexualización de niñas y adolescentes en redes sociales digitales
Authors: Moreno Barreneche Sebastián
Published: September 2021

Este artículo busca delinear un marco teórico para abordar los procesos de autosexualización de niñas y adolescentes en redes sociales digitales desde una perspectiva sociosemiótica. Con la normalización del uso de plataformas digitales como Instagram, Facebook, Snapchat y TikTok en la vida cotidiana, los individuos disponen de nuevos entornos para proyectar, gestionar y validar sus identidades personales. Estas actividades implican procesos de autorrepresentación en los que los individuos se estilizan a sí mismos, es decir, moldean el yo que es representado según códigos estéticos y éticos que reconocen como portadores de un valor cultural positivo (aunque tal reconocimiento no ocurra siempre de manera consciente). Uno de los códigos intervinientes en tales estilizaciones es el asociado a la sensualidad, resultado de una ‘sexualización de la cultura’ que fomenta prácticas de sexualización y autosexualización como forma de obtener valor social, especialmente por parte de mujeres, adolescentes y niñas.
How can small and medium-sized organizations with hybrid objectives preserve their mission? A social capital approach
Authors: Narvaiza Cantin Lorea , Arrieta Frutos Félix , Guinot Viciano Cinta , Aragón Amonarriz Cristina
Published: September 2021

La habilidad de las organizaciones híbridas para alcanzar simultáneamente objetivos diferentes y potencialmente conflictivos puede causar tensiones con sus stakeholders. El objetivo de este paper es explorar cómo las pequeñas y medianas organizaciones (PMO) tratan de equilibrar a través del capital social sus objetivos sociales y económicos cuando está en riesgo su hibridez. Para alcanzar este objetivo seguimos un enfoque de estudio de casos para explorar como tres PMOs gestionan su hibridez. Los resultados muestran la importancia de equilibrar los diferentes tipos de capital social, tanto los vínculos que vinculan a agentes similares (bonding) como a diferentes (bridging) para ser capaces de encarar los riesgos de bloqueo y dependencia que amenazan su naturaleza híbrida. Identificamos las condiciones que las PMOs tienen que satisfacer para evitar estos riesgos y desplegamos un conjunto de estrategias para alcanzar una hibridez sostenible. Finalmente, destacamos la relevancia de los ecosistemas que sostienen a las PMOs en la consecución de sus objetivos híbridos.
Phenolic content and antioxidant activity of Echinocystis lobata (Mich.) Torr. ET Gray (Cucurbitaceae)
Authors: Vinogradova Yulia , Shelepova Olga , Vergun Olena , Grygorieva Olga , Brindza Jan
Published: September 2021

Echinocystis lobata (Mich.) Torr. et Gray extracts were investigated for their bioactive compounds and their potential for natural antioxidant properties. In vitro antioxidant activity of methanol, ethanol, and water extracts were evaluated by 1,1-diphenyl-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity. Total phenolic content (TPC) and total flavonoid content (TFC) of fruits and seeds were determined. TPC is a fairly constant value and varies weakly both among the different organs of Echinocystis lobata and among the geographical locations of the populations studied. Like other invasive species, Echinocystis lobata is superior to many other plants in terms of the total amount of flavonoids contained in its fruits and seeds. The dried fruits contain more flavonoids than the seeds. Seeds from Slovak populations have higher flavonoid content than those from Russian populations. The results demonstrated that Echinocystis lobata can be a good source of natural antioxidants and have a great potential for commercialization, especially in the pharmaceutical industry.
Aile Sağlığı Merkezinde Tespit Edilen Bir Orf Olgusunun Takip ve Tedavisi
Authors: Çevik Levent , Ozturk Murat
Published: September 2021

Orf, ülkemizde de sık görülen küçükbaş hayvanlardan temasla bulaşan bir zoonotik hastalık olup, etkeni parapoxvirus’dur. Genellikle el parmaklarında nodüllerle karakterize lezyonlar olarak ortaya çıkmakta olup kendini sınırlayan ve tedavisiz iyileşen bir hastalık olmakla birlikte diğer zoonotik hastalıklarla karışabilmekte ve gereksiz müdahaleler sonucu komplikasyonlara neden olabilmektedir. Bu nedenle özellikle birinci basamak hekimlerinin spesifik bir tedavi gerektirmeyen orf hastalığını tanımaları ve diğer zoonotik cilt hastalıklarından ayırt etmeleri önem arz etmektedir. Bu çalışmada, aile sağlığı merkezine başvuran 56 yaşındaki bir erkek hastada, küçükbaş hayvanlarını aşılama sonrası gelişen; öykü ve fizik muayene ile tanısı konulan ve semptomatik yöntemlerle tedavi edilen bir orf olgusu sunuldu.
Tıpta Uzmanlık Sınavı Dershanesine Devam Eden Tıp Fakültesi Son Sınıf Öğrencilerinde Anksiyete ve Mesleki Kaygı Düzeyi
Authors: Kocabaş Sunay , Ersoy Süleyman , Ersoy Ayşe Hilal , Pala Emin
Published: September 2021

Amaç: Tıp Fakültesi son sınıf öğrencilerinden bir Tıpta Uzmanlık Sınavı (TUS) eğitim merkezine devam edenler arasında gerçekleştirdiğimiz çalışmamızda anksiyete ve mesleki kaygı düzeyinin değerlendirilmesi amaçlandı.Yöntem: Çalışmamız Şubat-Mayıs 2020 tarihleri arasında gerekli izinlerin alındığı İstanbul’daki özel bir TUS eğitim merkezinde gerçekleştirildi. Tarafımızca hazırlanmış sosyodemografik verilerden oluşan bir anket formunu, Beck Anksiyete Ölçeği (BAÖ) ve Mesleki Kaygı Anketi (MKA) formunu uygun biçimde yanıtlayan tıp fakültesi son sınıf öğrencisi 210 katılımcıyla çalışma tamamlanarak istatistiksel analizler yapıldı.Bulgular: Çalışmaya dahil edilenlerin yaş ortalaması 23,60±1,36 yıl, %53,3’ü (n=112) erkek ve %46,7’si (n=98) kadındı. Katılımcıların BAÖ puan ortalaması 14,15±11,01 ve 81’i (%38,6) minimal, 43’ü (%20,5) hafif, 48’i (%22,9) orta, 38’i (%18,1) ise şiddetli düzeyde anksiyete belirtileri göstermekteydi. MKA puan ortalaması 55,92±12,81 bulunurken 136’sı (%64,8) orta düzeyde kaygı göstermekteydi. BAÖ puan ortalamaları ile MKA puan ortalamaları arasında pozitif korelasyon izlendi (r=0,228, p=0,01).Sonuç: Çalışmamızda tıp fakültesi son sınıf öğrencilerinin çoğunun minimal düzeyde anksiyete ve orta düzeyde mesleki kaygıya sahip olduğu gösterilmiştir.
Yaşlılarda Kronik Ağrı Durumu ve Etkileyen Faktörlerin Değerlendirilmesi
Authors: Sezer Önder , Devran Duygu , Dagdeviren Hamdi Nezih
Published: September 2021

Amaç: Yaşlılarda hastalıklar daha sık görülmekte, buna bağlı olarak ağrı da beraberinde bir seyir göstermektedir. Hissedilen ağrı yaşam kalitesini önemli ölçüde bozmakta ve ilaç kullanımı yoğunlaşmaktadır. Çalışmamızın amacı yaşlılarda kronik ağrı şiddetini belirlemek ve ağrıyı etkileyen durumları değerlendirmektir.Yöntem: Çalışmamıza 456 yaşlı birey dahil edilmiştir. Yaş ortalaması 71,19±6,27 (min: 65, maks: 93) olarak saptanmıştır. Katılımcılara sosyodemografik bilgileri, hastalıkları, kullandıkları ilaçları, kronik ağrı varlığı ve etkileyen durumları, kronik ağrıları için uygulanmış tıbbi tedavileri sorgulayan 45 soru; ek olarak yaşlı bireylerin ağrı durumlarını değerlendiren 24 soruluk Geriatrik Ağrı Ölçeği uygulanmıştır.Bulgular: Katılımcıların 272’si (%59,6) kadındı. Geriatrik Ağrı Ölçeği skorlarına göre 279 (%61,2) kişinin orta şiddette, 85 (%18,6) kişinin ise şiddetli ağrısı vardı. Kronik ağrı nedeniyle %87,7 ile en yoğun ilaç tedavisi kullanılmaktaydı. Katılımcıların sadece 200’ü (%43,9) kullandığı ilaçlar ile ilgili yeterli bilgisi olduğunu düşünüyordu. Kronik ağrı şiddeti ile kadın cinsiyet (p
BEDEN EĞİTİMİ VE SPOR YÜKSEKOKULU & SPOR BİLİMLERİ FAKÜLTESİ MÜDÜR & DEKANLARININ POLİTİK BECERİ DÜZEYLERİNİN FARKLI DEĞİŞKENLER AÇISINDAN İNCELENMESİ
Authors: AYKIN Alparslan Gazi
Published: September 2021

Amaç: Politik davranışların kişilere çıkar sağlayabildiği ve bu yönüyle insan yaşamında önemli bir yere sahip olduğu bilinmektedir. Bu durum, politik davranışlar ortaya koyulurken istenilen hedeflere ulaşılmasında politik becerinin önemini de artırmaktadır. Örgütsel alanda ise özellikle yöneticilerin politik beceri düzeyleri, örgütün amaçlarına ulaşmasında önemli bir etken olarak görülmektedir. Bu bağlamda, Yükseköğretim kurumlarından Beden Eğitimi ve Spor Yüksekokulları ile Spor Bilimleri Fakültelerini en üst düzeyde temsil eden Müdür ve Dekanların politik beceri düzeyleri de Beden Eğitimi ve Spor alanındaki hedeflere ulaşmada önemli bir faktör olarak karşımıza çıkmaktadır. Bu çalışma ile Beden Eğitimi ve Spor Yüksekokulu & Spor Bilimleri Fakültesi Müdür & Dekanlarının politik beceri düzeylerinin farklı değişkenler açısından ortaya koyulması amaçlanmıştır.
Yöntem: Bu çalışmada model olarak, var olan durumu olduğu şekliyle ve değiştirmeden tasvir eden tarama modeli kullanılmıştır.(Karasar, 2009) Örnekleme yöntemi olarak ise, amaçlı örnekleme yöntemlerinden benzeşik örnekleme yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Elde edilen veriler nicel olarak çözümlenmiştir. Veri toplama aracı olarak; kişisel bilgi formu ile Ferris ve arkadaşları (2005) tarafından geliştirilen ve Özdemir ve Gören (2015) tarafından geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışmaları yapılarak Türkçe’ye uyarlanan Politik Beceri Envanteri (PBE)’nin yer aldığı anket formu kullanılmıştır.
Bulgular: Katılımcıların %8,7’si kadın, %91,7’si erkektir. Müdür ve Dekanların yaşı, çalıştıkları birim ve bölüm, müdür & dekan olarak çalıştıkları süre açısından politik beceri düzeylerini ortaya koymak üzere yapılan analizler sonucunda istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir fark tespit edilememiştir (p>0,05). Bununla birlikte Müdür & Dekanların politik beceri düzeyleri ortalamanın üzerinde bulunmuştur.
Sonuç: Sonuç olarak, Yükseköğretimde Beden Eğitimi ve Spor alanındaki politik becerileri yüksek yöneticilerin varlığı eğitim kurumlarındaki örgütsel ortam açısından olumlu bir durum olarak değerlendirilmektedir.
Anahtar Kelimeler: Politik beceri, beden eğitimi, spor, müdür, dekan
El Consejo de Defensa Suramericano : desde los consensos difíciles hasta su desestimación
Authors: Sabrina Rodríguez Kaethler,
Published: September 2021

El tema central de análisis de la tesis es el Consejo de Defensa Suramericano y, dentro del mismo, desde los esfuerzos de generación de consensos hasta su desestimación, extendiéndose desde el año 2008 en el que ocurrieron los eventos que detonaron su creación, hasta la desactivación de facto del organismo en el marco de la crisis terminal de UNASUR, que se extendió hasta los últimos meses de 2019. El trabajo de investigación articula el nivel de análisis del subsistema suramericano y dentro de él la historia de una institución: el Consejo de Defensa Suramericano, con elementos propios de la dimensión nacional. De esa manera, en el último capítulo de la tesis, se desciende al nivel de análisis de los actores estatales más relevantes e influyentes del subsistema en la problemática abordada por la institución, para explicar el cambio en la configuración de preferencias del conjunto subregional a partir de los cambios de gobierno de estos países. Párrafo extraído de la tesis de maestría a modo de resumen.
Bajo la égida del museo científico : de la diplomacia a la profesionalización entre Mar del Plata y la Lobería Grande, 1925-1980
Authors: Irene Elena Brichetti,
Published: September 2021

La asociación entre coleccionismo e historia natural surgió como consecuencia de modos específicos de exploración y apropiación del espacio, explicables desde una perspectiva de largo plazo unida a las primeras explicaciones científicas sobre el origen del mundo. En Argentina, el Museo Nacional de Historia Natural y el Etnográfico de la Facultad de Filosofía y Letras de Buenos Aires así como el Museo de La Plata conjugaron el accionar de naturalistas con el pasaje de las colecciones del dominio privado al público. Las investigaciones y exploraciones que organizaron esos primeros científicos hacia el resto del país contaron con el auspicio de la Ley 9.080 que no sólo establecía el carácter público de ruinas y yacimientos arqueológicos y paleontológicos sino que designaba a las direcciones de los museos Etnográfico y de Historia Natural como asesoras del Ministerio de Justicia e Instrucción Pública de la Nación. El coleccionismo, en tanto conjunto de prácticas avaladas por el Estado y constitutivas de las instituciones científicas y universitarias, se conformó así en un factor decisivo para la institucionalización de las Ciencias Antropológicas y de las Naturales que se extendió desde fines del siglo XIX y hasta las dos primeras décadas del XX. El área de estudio se ubica en la región pampeana, específicamente en el sudeste de la provincia de Buenos Aires, zona que destaca por su valor científico y, en cuyos municipios (General Pueyrredón, General Alvarado, General Balcarce, Lobería y Mar Chiquita) se formaron museos particulares y municipales sobre la base de la labor desarrollada por autodidactas. El objetivo general de la tesis consiste en explicar la relación entre profesionalización y coleccionismo a partir del análisis de las redes de relaciones personales e institucionales establecidas en torno a la gesta fundacional y posterior consolidación de museos de ciencias naturales regionales en el sudeste de la provincia de Buenos Aires entre 1925 y 1980. Se plantea así conocer las vicisitudes de un campo profesional en formación por medio de un conjunto de objetos de estudio poco transitados cuyo análisis permite acceder al nudo de relaciones personales e itinerarios institucionales que se consolida y condensa hacia la década de 1980. Párrafo extraído de la tesis de posgrado a modo de resumen.
SOCIAL STATUS AND GUT MICROBIAL DYSBIOSIS IN ADULTS AND CHILDREN WITH AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDERS: A PROFOUND REVIEW OF THE AVAILABLE LITERATURE SOURCES
Authors:   Department of Biology, Faculty of natural sciences, Shumen University, Bulgaria, Ibryamova Sevginar , Petkov Veselin ,   Department of Geography, regional development and tourism, Faculty of natural sciences, Shumen University, Bulgaria, Ignatova-Ivanova Tsveteslava ,   Department of Biology, Faculty of natural sciences, Shumen University, Bulgaria, Kolev Georgi ,   Department Social work, Faculty of Education, Shumen University, Bulgaria.
Published: September 2021

Autism is a complex disorder without a specific diagnosis, so the disease is defined by its specific characteristics described in the literature as cognitive defects, social, communication and behavioral problems, repetitive behaviors, unusual sensitivity to stimuli such as noise, restricted interests, and self stimulation. There are many models in the literature explaining the biology of autism, which are based on genetics, immunity, various environmental factors and diet. There is a lot of literature data that people with Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) often have gastrointestinal problems that also affect their behavior. ASD suffer developmental disabilities from an early age, which can be both physical and psychological. Often people suffer these problems even throughout their lives. This review aims to provide basic information on definitions, historical data, diagnostic methods, behavioral etiology, gastrointestinal and social problems in adults and children with ASD.
Assessment of the Pharmaceutical Quality of some Brands of Omeprazole Capsules Marketed in Maiduguri Metropolis, Borno, Nigeria.
Authors:   Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Maiduguri, Borno, Nigeria, Yusuf F. , Madu S.J. ,   Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Maiduguri, Borno, Nigeria, Abdussalam A.O. ,   Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Kaduna, Nigeria, Ibrahim A.S. ,   Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Maiduguri, Borno, Nigeria
Published: September 2021

BACKGROUND: The proliferation of counterfeit, substandard and inferior quality drugs is a major challenge in low- middle income countries like Nigeria where drug regulation and law enforcement are constrained by limited resources. OBJECTIVES: The aim of the study was to assess the quality parameters of some brands of Omeprazole capsules marketed in Maiduguri Metropolis, Borno State, Nigeria. METHODS: The uniformity of weight, disintegration test, content uniformity and dissolution rate test were the official tests carried out using Pharmacopoeial methods. Organoleptic tests and other non-official tests were carried out. RESULTS: Ten brands of omeprazole capsules were assessed for purity using omeprazole sample as standard for comparison. All the ten brands tested passed the visual inspection, organoleptic tests, weight uniformity and disintegration tests. Three (3) brands (OMC 1, 4 and 6) out of the ten (10) brands passed the content uniformity test, while the other seven (7) brands were either below or above the acceptable Pharmacopoeial limit. For the dissolution test, only three (3) brands (OMC 1, 3 and 8) passed the test. CONCLUSION: The results therefore, indicated that some of the brands of the Omeprazole capsules marketed in Maiduguri Metropolis failed to comply with some Pharmacopoeial standards.
Sensitivity and Resistance Pattern of Bacteria in Benin City, Nigeria
Authors:   Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Benin, Edo State, Nigeria., Osahon P.T. , Udezi A.W. , Olumeko I.
Published: September 2021

Background: Sensitivity and resistance pattern of bacteria provides vital information for the development and implementation of an effective antibiotic policy. Proper identification of causative organisms enables informed decision making in rational use of antibiotics. Objectives: To determine the most common site of bacterial infection, the prevalence of common bacteria based on their site of infection and to document the sensitivity of these microorganisms to two selected antibiotics. Methods: A prospective cross-sectional study conducted in seven laboratories and a private hospital in Benin City, Nigeria. A validated structured questionnaire was administered to 420 respondents. Data obtained were analyzed using Microsoft Excel and GraphPad Instat. P-values < 0.05 at 95% confidence interval were interpreted as significant. Ethical considerations were observed. Results: Response rate was 83.57%, 60% of the respondents were females while a majority were within the ages of 26-30 years (31.91%). Majority of the patients surveyed contracted Staphylococcus aureus (n=180, 51%) while Escherichia coli was the next most prevalent bacteria. Staphylococcus aureus was found to be resistant to cotrimoxazole and amoxicillin but sensitive to erythromycin and ciprofloxacin. Only 18 patients had more than one micro- organism isolated from their site of infection. Urinary tract was the most common site of infection. Isolates showed sensitivity and resistance to multiple antibiotics. Conclusion: The urinary tract was the most common site of bacterial infection while the most prevalent microorganism was Staphylococcus aureus which is sensitive to erythromycin and ciprofloxacin but not to cotrimoxazole and amoxicillin.
Identity and the Language in NoViolet Bulawayo’s We Need New Names
Authors: Shruti Haryana
Published: September 2021

Humans have been migrating for centuries. This paper tries to delineate the formation of hybrid identities using the transnational theory of migration in a postcolonial context. Throughout the colonial and the postcolonial history, the voices of migrant experiences have been overlooked. They had accepted their position as silent spectators to their own stories without a voice, without opinion and without choice. Their Silence was being read as a form of acceptance and approval without delving much into the social, political and economic milieu of the era. This paper aims at understanding the dynamics of language and the choice of the migrant community to rise above their status as silenced subjects and oppressed people and share their experiences. It intends to explore the language differences and the search for an identity in NoViolet Bulawayo’s We Need New Names which tells the story of a diasporic African teenager who tries to grapple with the host country culture while still holding to the memories of her homeland and a yearning to go back home. The paper tries to understand the search and development of a hybrid and transnational identity of the migrant.
V. S. Naipaul’s Exploration of India: A Reading of Land, People and the Self
Authors: Dr. B. Mangalam
Published: September 2021

This paper examines the non-fiction of the novelist, V.S. Naipaul, in particular, his writings on India. The paper argues that Naipaul’s repeated exploration of India, over three decades (1964-1990) can be read as his attempts at exploration of the Self. In his An Area of Darkness, India: A Wounded Civilisation, India: A Million Mutinies Now and in his Collection of Journalistic Essays, Naipaul examines the land of his ancestors, its people, its culture, polity, literature. But the most fascinating part of this journey pertains to his exploration of his own inner self. The paper juxtaposes his critique of India to probe an interesting analysis of the entity of a country, through a geographical, cultural and inner exploration of the writer.
Multicultural Identity Crisis in Bharati Mukherjee’s Novel Jasmine
Authors: Seema Parveen  , Prof. Tanveer Khadija
Published: September 2021

This paper intends to explore the transformations with disintegration literary pieces of Bharati  Mukherjee has gained a milestone as she brings out the segregation experienced by the immigrants of South Asian Countries. Through her novels, she voices her personal life experiences to show the reconstructing shape of American Society. She centrally locates her emphasis on the women characters their struggle for identity, their harsh experiences and their final emergence as the self- assertive, self opinioned individuals free from fear imposed on them. The list of Diasporic writer is too long and the root of Diaspora is so deep. Through the novel Jasmine, Bharati Mukherjee focuses the multicultural identity of a woman. This paper is an effort to portray the bitter experiences of homelessness, displacement, oppression and exploitation of protagonist Jasmine.
An Interpersonal and Appraisal Analysis of Henrik Ibsen’s A Doll’s House
Authors: Dr. Jaswinder Kaur Aulakh
Published: September 2021

This paper attempts to analyze Henrik Ibsen’s A Doll’s House through linguistic perspective where conversational exchanges of the characters are laden with power and dominance. In most of the earlier studies done on A Doll’s House, feminism has been discussed along with the basic socio-economic differences between males and females. The analysis of differences between the language of male and female characters, however, were scanty. But in this paper, an attempt has been made to study differences between the language of male and female characters of the play with the help of theoretical framework of Systemic Functional Linguistics as proposed by M.A.K. Halliday and Appraisal theory as described by Martin.
Marxist Feminism: An Analysis on Class Structure and Position of Women in Malayalam movie -“Chemmeen”
Authors: Ann Rose Davis
Published: September 2021

The Malayalam film industry, prominently known as “Mollywood,” is one of the fast-changing faces in Indian cinema. This paper tries to examine one of the Malayalam movies, Chemeen, through the lens of Marxist Feminism. The primary text chosen for the study is the movie, Chemeen, an adaptation of Thakazhi Sivasankara Pillai’s novel with the same name. The story revolves around the lives of Karuthamma and Pareekutt, lovers whose life cannot be led together because of the strong influence of caste and class in their society.  This is one of the liberal texts in Malayalam Literature narrating the Kerala fishing community’s lives, customs, traditions, and beliefs. The research paper’s primary focus will be on society’s hierarchy through the reflection of Mollywood cinema, the stereotyping of certain characters based on their class and caste, the aftermath of marriage, and the domineering male-centric society female fellowships through deities.
Masterji’s Resistance in Aravind Adiga’s Last Man in Tower: An Embodiment of the Struggle of the Marginalized Class
Authors: Badiuzzaman Shaikh
Published: September 2021

Aravind Adiga’s Last Man in Tower, published in 2011, is a trenchant critique on the effects of globalization, urbanization, privatization and capitalism in the post-colonial era in India. All these changes in the contemporary society have effectively bifurcated the entire country into two groups—the rich and the poor, the centre and the margin, the privileged upper class and the underprivileged lower class. In the novel Dharmen Shah, a real estate mogul represents the first group of people who are socio-politically and economically highly influential, whereas Yogesh A. Murthy, aka Masterji, is the embodiment of the marginalized class that are constantly dominated and exploited by the former group. My present paper aims to analyse in detail how far Masterji is able to resist the scabrous sufferings unleashed by the rich realtor Dharmen Shah, and how far Masterji’s resistance becomes an incarnation of the resilience of marginalized people in the contemporary society.
Pain and Pleasure in Kamala Das’ My Story
Authors: Jay Prakash  , Dr. Ram Prakash Pradhan
Published: September 2021

Pain and Pleasure are the two psychological terms, used in English language and literature to show or describe the state of human mind with the perception of occurring incidents in their lives. In the relation of meaning, both of the terms are adversative adjectives to each other but both have the most important elements in the existence of human beings in the absence of each other. Pain describes the dark side of life or mental the state of human sufferings while pleasure is expressed during the mental state of joy and entertainment or light side of the life. Both of the terms have been well expressed in the autobiographical work of Kamala Das, My Story published in February 1973. This paper is going to explore the human state of mind in the most autobiographical work of Kamala Das, the female Keats and Lawrence of Indian English literature.