bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
História do campo da Alimentação e Nutrição em Saúde Coletiva no Brasil
Authors: Vasconcelos Francisco de Assis Guedes de , Batista Filho Malaquias
Published: December 2010

O objetivo do artigo é traçar a história do campo da Alimentação e Nutrição em Saúde Coletiva (ANSC) no Brasil, procurando descrever os contextos que possibilitaram sua construção, consolidação e ressignificação; identificar os cientistas brasileiros que contribuíram com este processo e abordar os paradigmas que nortearam a atuação destes cientistas. Como critérios metodológicos de análise foram estabelecidos três cortes transversais, correspondentes a contextos da história deste campo: o primeiro referente ao período 1930 a 1963; o segundo entre 1964 a 1984 e o terceiro considera o período 1985 a 2010. Depreende-se que o campo da ANSC assumiu a atual configuração a partir de meados de 1970, no interior do chamado movimento sanitário brasileiro, cujo ideário principal foi a realização da reforma sanitária e a construção do Sistema Único de Saúde. Reafirma-se a importância do caráter multidisciplinar bem como a premissa do relevante papel do campo da ANSC na garantia do direito humano à alimentação saudável, um componente do conjunto de condições necessárias à promoção da saúde, prevenção de doenças, vigilância e recuperação da saúde e melhoria da qualidade de vida de todos os brasileiros.
A pesquisa sobre Alimentação no Brasil: sustentando a autonomia do campo Alimentação e Nutrição
Authors: Prado Shirley Donizete , Bosi Maria Lucia Magalhães , Carvalho Maria Claudia da Veiga Soares , Gugelmin Silvia Angela , Silva Juliana Klotz , Delmaschio Karen Levy
Published: December 2010

Partindo dos pensamentos de Bourdieu acerca dos campos científicos, visitamos o Diretório dos Grupos de Pesquisa do Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) buscando investir em abordagem crítica e reflexiva acerca da parcela da pesquisa brasileira que se dirige à "alimentação". Identificamos um conjunto estável e crescente de grupos de pesquisa, cuja visibilidade fica comprometida uma vez que sua denominação não consta das taxonomias institucionais no âmbito das agências de fomento à pesquisa e à formação de pesquisadores. Seus fundamentos epistemológicos, suas bases teórico-metodológicas, situam-se na esfera das humanidades e incluem uma ampla gama de disciplinas em interação, conformando significativa complexidade em torno de seu objeto central: a "comida". O estudo dos fenômenos alimentares reclama a interdisciplinaridade e apresenta como desafio o enfrentamento das tensões inerentes à vida democrática na qual vislumbramos um devir em que a convivência crescente e colaborativa entre diferentes referências epistêmicas deve ter lugar institucional.
Análise do avanço das equipes de saúde bucal inseridas na Estratégia Saúde da Família em Pernambuco, região Nordeste, Brasil, 2002 a 2005
Authors: Silva Shirley Florêncio da , Martelli Petrônio José de Lima , Sá Domício Aurélio de , Cabral Amanda Priscila de , Pimentel Fernando Castim , Monteiro Ive da Silva , Macedo Cícera Lissandra Sá Vieira
Published: December 2010

Aborda-se neste estudo a evolução da saúde bucal, de dezembro de 2002 a dezembro de 2005, na Estratégia Saúde da Família em Pernambuco, Brasil. Observaram-se os aspectos quanto à expansão das equipes, ao percentual de cobertura e à elevação no quantitativo dos procedimentos odontológicos. Foi um estudo descritivo, exploratório e de abordagem quantitativa. O universo se constituiu dos 185 municípios do estado e a amostra comportou todos os municípios inseridos na Saúde da Família contemplados com saúde bucal. Os resultados mostraram que a evolução das equipes de saúde bucal foi de 204,22%, enquanto o percentual de evolução de procedimentos odontológicos foi de 19,19%. Observou-se que a expansão da modalidade tipo I (327,14%) se deu mais intensamente que a tipo II (125,92%). A estimativa da cobertura ficou em 29,56% para 3.450 habitantes (Portaria nº 673/03). Quanto ao financiamento das equipes, a evolução do incentivo repassado à saúde bucal foi de 389,50%. Por fim, verificou-se que, na prática, os serviços existentes de assistência odontológica para atenção básica foram transformados em equipes de saúde bucal.
A dinâmica da vinculação de recursos para a saúde no Brasil: 1995 a 2004
Authors: França José Rivaldo Melo de , Costa Nilson do Rosário
Published: December 2010

Este estudo examina a participação federal no financiamento da saúde no Brasil, no período de 1995 a 2004, a partir das iniciativas institucionais de vinculação e indexação de recursos, levando em consideração o ajuste macroeconômico praticado no período e a influência do papel das instituições na proteção do fluxo financeiro. Examina-se a eficiência dos mecanismos institucionais adotados com o propósito de garantir a regularidade e a ampliação do fluxo de meios, analisando-se o desempenho da Contribuição Provisória sobre a Movimentação Financeira (CPMF) e da Emenda Constitucional nº 29 (EC 29), iniciativas que vêm tendo seus efeitos questionados em termos de ampliação de valores. Demonstra-se o impacto alocativo de tais medidas a partir da análise estatística do emprego em saúde dos recursos da CPMF em relação a sua arrecadação e dos efeitos das medidas de indexação de recursos da União, via EC 29, por meio da comparação do aporte federal em saúde antes e após a sua aplicação.
Satisfação dos usuários na utilização de serviços públicos e privados de saúde em itinerários terapêuticos no sul do Brasil
Authors: Sisson Maristela Chitto , Oliveira Maria Conceição de , Conill Eleonor Minho , Pires Denise , Boing Antonio Fernando , Fertonani Hosanna Pattrig
Published: December 2010

O estudo trata da satisfação das pessoas nos itinerários percorridos quando da utilização de serviços de saúde públicos e privados em três capitais do sul do Brasil em face de situações de saúde-doença-cuidados. Trabalhando com abordagem qualitativa, foram entrevistados 131 usuários de planos de saúde que receberam cuidados em infarto agudo do miocárdio, alcoolismo, câncer de mama e parto. Em itinerários dotados de inúmeras trajetórias e arranjos entre subsistemas de serviços, sobretudo no campo da saúde mental e da oncologia, a categoria satisfação mostrou boa avaliação no infarto agudo do miocárdio, câncer de mama e parto, pela presença de acesso rápido a recursos técnicos adequados. Insatisfações referiram-se a dificuldades nas informações, instalações, custos, coberturas e autorizações de procedimentos. O estudo mostrou a importância de se considerar a pluralidade dos sistemas de cuidados e a subjetividade do julgamento de valor na implementação de políticas e programas de saúde.
Avaliação e monitoramento do estado nutricional de pacientes hospitalizados: uma proposta apoiada na opinião da comunidade científica
Authors: Duchini Lya , Jordão Alceu Afonso , Brito Tatiane Trevilato , Diez-Garcia Rosa Wanda
Published: December 2010

OBJETIVO: A desnutrição pode afetar adversamente a evolução clínica de pacientes hospitalizados e aumentar o tempo de permanência hospitalar. O objetivo deste estudo foi certificar critérios para avaliação e acompanhamento do estado nutricional de pacientes hospitalizados aceitos pela comunidade de pesquisadores, docentes e profissionais da área de nutrição clínica. MÉTODOS: Com este propósito aplicou-se um questionário via Internet, à comunidade científica, cadastrada na Plataforma Lattes - sistema nacional de cadastro curricular unificado on-line -, para apoiar atividades de fomento de agencias federais e estaduais. O questionário é composto de recomendações acompanhadas por uma escala Likert e espaços para justificativas dos participantes em relação à opção de aceitação parcial ou discordância do procedimento proposto. Foi considerado aprovado o procedimento que teve concordância total ou parcial maior ou igual a 70,0%. RESULTADOS: Responderam ao questionário 35,2% dos profissionais contatados. A maioria (84,0%) era professor universitário, sendo 62,0% de universidade pública; 67,0% eram doutores; 63,0% tinha mais de 20 anos de formado; 74,0% eram nutricionistas e 25,0% médicos. Os procedimentos propostos versam sobre as seguintes necessidades: triagem para definição de complexidade da atenção nutricional, indicadores de avaliação e monitoramento nutricional durante a internação e equipamentos e protocolos para o atendimento nutricional. Todos os procedimentos foram aceitos pelos entrevistados. Foi proposto pelos autores um modelo de triagem para definição da complexidade do atendimento nutricional, considerando os procedimentos aceitos. CONCLUSÃO: A aceitação dos procedimentos propostos fortalece o reconhecimento da necessidade de implantação de padrões para a avaliação e monitoramento nutricional nas instituições hospitalares.
Hardware and Software Design of an Embedded Vision System
Authors: Liu Jia
Published: December 2010

Vision system is very important for robots to sense the environments where they work. Recently,
embedded vision system such as smart camera has been rapidly developed and widely used. In this chapter an
embedded robot version system using ARM processor and CMOS image sensor is introduced. Its hardware
structure, software design and some useful programs are also described in detail.
Collaboration Based Self-localization Algorithm for Humanoid Robot with Embedded Vision System
Authors: Zou Wei , Xu De , Yu Junzhi
Published: December 2010

Collaborative self-localization algorithm for humanoid robot is a challenge in practice; here we present
a novel self-localization algorithm for collaborated humanoid robots with an embedded vision system. The
algorithm is established on an embedded vision system constituted by a DSP DM642 central processor with
ethereal controller and an 802.11g WiFi module, which could provide high speed network for large throughput
based multiple robots communication. Our self-localization algorithm built up in the embedded vision system
analyzes the image information with a speed of ten frames per second (720×480 pixels), and self-localizes by
fusing vision information of collaborated robots via WiFi communication. Experimental results on collaboration
among multiple humanoid soccer robots are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of our embedded vision
system and self-localization algorithm.
The Structured Light Vision System and Application in Reverse Engineering and Rapid Prototyping
Authors: He Bingwei , Chen Shengyong
Published: December 2010

In recent years, computer vision systems develop computer models of the real world through
processing of image data from sensors such as cameras or range scanners. Reverse engineering (RE) techniques
from original acquiring three dimension surface data of the object have been developed to could convert point
cloud data into CAD models by NURBS or STL (triangular mesh) format. The above CAD models can be
reconstructed by using material incremental method (as rapid prototyping, RP).
The Communication Habits of Engineers: A Study of How Compositional Style and Time Affect the Production of Oral and Written Communication of Engineers
Authors: Steiner Derek G.
Published: December 2010

Writing is common skill for many whose job requires them to communicate through business documents. But there are many professionals who seemingly have difficulty with writing. Many engineers are required to write proposals and reports yet have received little formal writing instruction. The purpose of this study was to determine if writing apprehension, their composition process, or the presence of deadlines affects the production of documents. The hypothesis was that engineers have high writing apprehension, generally use a product-based approach, and tight deadlines negatively affect the end quality. The researcher conducted in-depth interviews with civil engineers to gauge their level of apprehension, learn their personal composition process and determine how deadlines affect their writing. While the hypothesis was not conclusively supported, the study revealed six key themes into how engineers structure their writing tasks and found that the writing environment of engineers significantly impacts the composition process.
Thermodynamic Analysis for Gasification of Thailand Rice Husk with Air, Steam, and Mixed Air/Steam for Hydrogen-Rich Gas Production
Authors: Kempegowda Rajesh , Assabumrungrat Suttichai , Laosiripojana Navadol
Published: December 2010

Thermodynamic analysis of gasification with air, steam, and mixed air-steam was performed over rice husk to determine the optimum conditions (i.e., equivalence ratio (ER), steam to biomass ratio (SBR) and operating temperature) that can maximize the yield of hydrogen production with low energy consumption. It was found that for air gasification, H2 production is always less than CO production and considerably decreased with increasing ER. For steam gasification, the simulation revealed that H2 production is greater than CO, particularly at high SBR and low temperature; furthermore, H2 yield increased steadily with increasing temperature and SBR until reaching SBR of 3.5-4.0, then the effect of steam on H2 yield becomes less pronounced. As for the mixed steam/air gasification, H2 production yield increased with increasing SBR, but decreased dramatically with increasing ER (up to 0.4). Among these three operations, the highest H2 production yield can be achieved from the steam gasification with SBR of 4.0. Nevertheless, by considering the system efficiency, the combined air-steam gasification provided significant higher hydrogen production efficiency than the other two operations. The optimum condition for combined air-steam gasification can be achieved at 900°C with ER of 0.1 and SBR of 2.5, which provided the efficiency up to 66.5 percent.
Simulation of Combustion Process and Soot Yield in Propane/Air Laminar Diffusion Flame by Self-Defined Scalar Method
Authors: Xie Hongyong , Chen Shi
Published: December 2010

Self-defined scalar method is developed to simulate the combustion process and soot yield of propane/air laminar diffusion flame by defining reaction components and intermediates as self-defined scalars in computational fluid dynamics (CFD) code Fluent. In the simulation, Casimirs propane combustion mechanisms are adapted for detailed chemical reaction mechanisms of the combustion process, and 1st order reaction of soot formation by surface growth is used. The 1st order rate coefficient of the surface growth is obtained by using the Sunderland and Faeth method with experimental data on acetylene concentration, soot yield and particle size. Comparisons are made on acetylene profile and soot yield between simulated and experimental results.
Medicinal Plants with Potential Galactagogue Activity Used in the Moroccan Pharmacopoeia
Authors: Bnouham Mohamed
Published: December 2010

The present study aims to describe the medicinal plants used as galactagogues in Moroccan traditional medicine. The study is based mainly on the literature, surveys and reports of practitioners and herbalists. Eighteen plants are identified. We have indicated the scientific name of the plant, its family, its other medicinal uses and its toxicity once detected. Galactagogue drugs as opposed to both alternative herbal therapy and the physiological mechanisms of actions of these plants are appropriately discussed.The main galactagogue plants families used in Moroccan pharmacopoeia are: Apiaceae (4 species), Ranunculaceae (3 sp.), Urticaceae (3 sp.) and Fabaceae (2 sp).One quarter of these plants shows some degree of toxicity when the dosage is high: Aristolochia longa, Pimpinella anisum, Nigella sativa, Illium verum, Chenopodium ambrosioides and Carum carvi.
Hurdles in successful treatment of cancer pain caused by primary healthcare
Authors: Patarica-Huber Erzebet , Boskov Nedeljka
Published: December 2010

Background: The aim of this study is to envisage the hurdles set by
physicians in primary healthcare that can cause, or contribute to
unsatisfactory cancer pain management. Methods: The study has been carried
out as a prospective open non-randomized one (based on a questionnaire). It
comprised 283 physicians in primary healthcare from 21 institutions of
primary healthcare in Serbia. The choice of physicians was done at random,
and the completion of questionnaires was voluntary. The questionnaire
comprised 12 questions. Among other issues the questions covered the most
important characteristics of the analgesics in their opinion, the individual
doses of drugs they most often prescribe, maximum daily doses of these drugs
they prescribe (tramadol, fentanyl TD, hydromorphone, methadone, IR
morphine); whether they introduce opioids and/or increase the dose
autonomously or only upon a specialist?s recommendation; and what is
preventing them to successfully treat cancer pain; what side effects they
fear and others. Results: Tramadol was favored in the previous year (82.3%),
in the last month the physicians prescribed NSAID as therapy in 63.4% of the
cases, tramadol was given to 13.60%; fentanyl TD to 13.40%; hydromorphone to
2.7%; IR morphine to 3.80%. Efficiency was marked by 89.80% of physicians as
the most important characteristic, tolerability by 82.3%, and duration of
effects by 77.4%. Tramadol is most often the choice of therapy in their daily
practice although they said it to be less efficient, less tolerable, with
shorter analgesic effect, less user friendly, and more expensive compared to
fentanyl TD and the other opioids. They said the side effects they fear the
most were respiratory depression and sedation. 23.70% of the physicians in
the primary healthcare introduce and/or increase the dose of opioids (34.6%)
into the therapy autonomously, and 76.30% of them introduce these drugs
and/or increase the dose (65.4%) only upon a specialist?s recommendation.
Conclusion: Barriers have a great influence on successful treatment of cancer
pain. There is a burning need for further education which has to encompass
raising awareness of the current guidelines and recommendations in the cancer
pain therapy, their acquisition and utilization in everyday practice through
interactive workshops with case studies because there is still an alarming
lack of knowledge, level of prejudice and apparent opiophobia.
Topographical analyses of lung cancer incidence and mortality in Vojvodina
Authors: Petrovic Vladimir , Miladinov-Mikov Marica , Dugandzija Tihomir
Published: December 2010

Background: Lung cancer is the leading cancer among men in cancer incidence
as well as in cancer death. More recently, unpublished data showed that in
women, lung cancer is in the second place in both incidence and mortality in
Vojvodina. Methods: Data used for analyses were provided by Cancer Registry
of Vojvodina, Oncology Institute of Vojvodina in Sremska Kamenica and from
the Bureau of statistics. Descriptive epidemiological method was used. Data
were analyzed topographically for two periods of observation, first from 1985
until 1995 and then from 1996 until 2005, separately for male and female
population. Results: During the period from 1996-2005, age standardized
incidence rate in male patients higher than 140/100,000 was registered in 14
municipalities with the highest incidence of 188.8/100,000. In 40 out of 44
municipalities of Vojvodina, an increase in lung cancer incidence in male
patients was registered. Mortality higher than 140/100,000 was registered in
4 municipalities; the highest mortality was 209.9/100,000. In 41 out of 44
municipalities of Vojvodina, an increase in lung cancer mortality in male
patients was registered. During the period from 1996-2005, age standardized
incidence rate in female patients higher than 20/100,000 was registered in 29
municipalities with the highest incidence of 37.0/100,000. In 39 out of 44
municipalities of Vojvodina, an increase in lung cancer incidence in female
patients was registered. Mortality in female patients higher than 20/100,000
was registered in 19 municipalities with the highest mortality of
27.2/100,000. In 33 out of 44 municipalities of Vojvodina, an increase in
lung cancer mortality in female patients was registered. Conclusion:
Vojvodina is a region with high lung cancer incidence and mortality rates.
Incidence and mortality rates in male patients are higher according to
topographical distribution than respective incidence in regions and
municipalities in countries of the EU, while incidence and mortality rates in
female patients are at the similar level as in the EU. In relation to results
of the previous studies, we registered an important increase in lung cancer
incidence and mortality rates in both male and female patients in the
majority of municipalities of Vojvodina.
Complete mesocolic excision with central supplying vessel ligation: New technique in colon cancer treatment
Authors: Petrovic Tomislav , Radovanovic Zoran , Breberina Milan , Gavrancic Brane
Published: December 2010

The basis of complete mesocolic excision represents the continuation and the
conceptual idea of the total mesorectal excision of rectum (TME) which was
described and promoted by R. J. Heald in 1983, and the point is to make the
excision of the contaminated portion of the colon with the tumor in his
visceral (embryonic) sheath without any damages of the central ligature of
supplying vessels and preservation of the autonomous nervous system.
According to this concept, colon and rectum, in their embryonic genesis, were
belted on both sides with visceral fascia, as an envelope and through
mesocolon, there was vascular and lymphatic drainage, while the ligature at
the source of the vascular pedicle provided the removal of the largest number
of lymphatic nodes. Surgical, sharp dissection, i.e. separation of visceral
fasciae of the colon from the parietal peritoneum without any damage and
total mobilization of the entire mesocolon with ligation in the very source
of the supplying blood vessels. The scope of surgical mobilization of
mesocolon is defined by the tumor localization. Literature provides numerous
data supporting the fact that such technique enables the reduction in number
of local recidives from 6.5% to 3.6% and increase of the five-year survival
from 82.1% to 89 %. CME technique provides optimal treatment of the colon
cancer.
Expression of cytokeratins 8 and 17 as a diagnostic marker of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia
Authors: Divani Smaroula , Kalodimos George
Published: December 2010

Cytokeratins belong to the most fundamental markers of epithelial
differentiation. Their composition reflects both a cell type and the
differentiation status. The aim of this study was to investigate the
expression of keratins 8 and 17 in normal cervical epithelium, mature and
immature metaplastic epithelium as well as in various grades of
intraepithelial neoplasia and squamous cell carcinomas. Fifty-eight smears
representing 20 normal, 23 LGSILs, 12 HGSILs and 3 cervical carcinomas were
stained with anticytokeratin 8 (clone 35bH11) and anticytokeratin 17 (clone
Ks17E3). Expression of both keratins was examined and the percentages of
immunoreactive normal, metaplastic, intraepithelial neoplastic and malignant
cells were determined. Evaluation of tissue sections was also performed.
Keratin 17 was identified in all SILs and carcinomas. It was also present in
3/20 (15%) of normal cervical smears that contained immature metaplastic
cells. Keratin 8 was found in the majority of LGSIL cases 20/23 (86.9%), in
all HGSIL and malignant lesions as well as in endocervical columnar
epithelial cells and in 5/20 (25%) normal smears with immature metaplastic
cells. Both keratins showed a more extensive and intense expression in severe
lesions. Evaluation of tissue sections revealed expression of CK8 and CK17 of
various intensity in most of the premalignant and malignant cases.
Premalignant and malignant cells showed similarities in cytokeratins 8 and 17
expression. Both CKs were not expressed in normal ectocervical epithelium.
The study of the expression of CK8 and CK17 may contribute in detection of
cervical intraepithelial neoplasia.
Microfiltration of wheat starch suspensions using multichannel ceramic membrane
Authors: Ikonic Bojana , Zavargo Zoltan , Jokic Aleksandar , Seres Zita , Vatai Gyula , Perunicic Mihailo
Published: December 2010

This work investigates influence of different process parameters such as
transmembrane pressure, flow rate and concentration of wheat starch
suspension on the average permeate flux and permeate flux decline. Used
membrane in all experiments was 19 channels ceramic membrane with 0.2 ?m pore
size. Experimental results were analyzed using response surface methodology.
It is observed that the significant average permeate flux enhancement of 200%
was achieved by the increase of the transmembrane pressure, while the
increase of flow rate and concentration affected the increase in average
permeate flux in the range of 40-100%. Permeate flux decline was almost
independent of the transmembrane pressure, but the increase of the flow rate,
as well as the decrease of the concentration led to decrease of permeate flux
decline in the range of 20-50%.
Results of a survey to determine demographic and business management factors associated with size and growth rate of rural mixed-animal veterinary practices
Authors: Brusk Amy M. , White Brad J. , Goehl Dan R. , Dhuyvetter Kevin C.
Published: December 2010

Objective—To determine potential associations between demographic and business management factors and practice size and growth rate in rural mixed-animal veterinary practices.

Design—Cross-sectional survey.

Participants—54 mixed-animal practitioners.

Procedures—A cross-sectional survey (96 questions) was electronically disseminated. Responses were collected, and outcomes (number of veterinarians [NV], growth in number of veterinarians [NVG], gross practice income [GPI], growth in gross practice income [GPIG], gross practice income per veterinarian [GPIV], and growth in gross practice income per veterinarian [GPIVG]) were calculated. Bivariate analyses were performed and multivariable models created to determine associations between survey responses and outcomes of interest.

Results—Survey respondents were from mixed-animal practices, and most (46/54 [85.2%]) practiced in small communities (< 25,000 people). Study practices had a median ± SD NV of 2.3 ± 1.9 veterinarians, median GPI of $704,547 ± 754,839, and median GPIV of $282,065 ± 182,344. Multivariable regression analysis revealed several factors related to practice size, including the number of associate veterinarians and veterinary technicians in the practice, service fee structure, and employment of a business manager. Typically, practices had positive mean growth in NVG (4.4%), GPIG (8.5%), and GPIVG (8.1%), but growth rate was highly variable among practices. Factors accociated with growth rate included main species interest, frequency for adjusting prices, use of a marketing plan, service fee structure, and sending a client newsletter.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Mixed-animal practices had a large range in size and growth rate. Economic indices were impacted by common business management practices.
Effect of CeO2 and Sb2O3 on the phase transformation and optical properties of photostable titanium dioxide
Authors: Gleń Marta , Grzmil Barbara , Sreńscek-Nazzal Joanna , Kic Bogumił
Published: December 2010

In the present work, the effect of individual additives calculated as molar fractions of Sb2O3 and CeO2 (x Sb 2O3 range: 0.03–0.08 %, x CeO 2 range: 0.05–0.14 %), on the phase composition, phase transformation, and optical properties of photostable rutile titanium dioxide was studied using selective leaching method, ICP-AES technique, XRD method, spectrophotometric analysis and S BET measurements. The starting material was hydrated titanium dioxide. It was observed that the addition of Sb2O3 to TiO2 did not influence the anatase-rutile phase transformation, but increasing the CeO2 addition caused a decrease in the rutilization degree. Thus, CeO2 acted as an inhibitor of the TiO2 phase transformation. Sb2O3 addition to TiO2 presumably caused the formation of a co-phase of Sb with Ti. Cerium formed a separate phase, CeO2, and reacted partly with titanium, probably creating co-phase, Ce0.8Ti0.2O2. Comparing the colour of modified rutile titanium dioxide according to the type of the additive introduced, it was found that TiO2 with CeO2 had higher brightness but lower white tone values when compared with TiO2 modified with Sb2O3. The relative lightening power and grey tone of the modified TiO2 were higher in TiO2 modified with Sb2O3. The values of the photocatalytic activity measured in all TiO2 samples modified either with Sb2O3 or CeO2 were very similar and varied around the value of 21.
The Ductile Behavior of High Performance Concrete in Compression
Authors: Fantilli A. P. , Mihashi H. , Vallini P. , Chiaia B.
Published: December 2010

The ductility of High Performance Concrete (HPC) can develop both in tension and compression. This aspect is evidenced in the present paper by measuring the mechanical response of normal vibrated concrete (NC), self-compacting concrete (SC) and some HPCs cylindrical specimens under uniaxial and triaxial compression. The post-peak behaviour of these specimens is defined by a non-dimensional function that relates the inelastic displacement and the relative stress during softening. Both for NC and SC, the increase of the fracture toughness with the confinement stress is observed. Conversely, all the tested HPCs, even in absence of confinement, show practically the same ductility measured in normal and self-compacting concretes with a confining pressure. Thus, the presence of HPC in compressed columns is itself sufficient to create a sort of active distributed confinement.
The Impact of the Amount and Length of Fibrillated Polypropylene Fibres on the Properties of HPC Exposed to High Temperature / Wpływ Ilosci I Długosci Fibrylowanych Włókien Polipropylenowych Na Własciwosci Hpc Poddanego Działaniu Wysokiej Temperatury
Authors: Hager I. , Tracz T.
Published: December 2010

This paper presents the results of research on high performance concretes (HPC) modified by the addition of polypropylene fibres (PP fibres). The scope of the research was the measurement of the residual transport properties of heated and recooled concretes: gas permeability and surface water absorption. Seven types of concrete modified with fibrillated PP fibres were tested. Three lengths: 6, 12 and 19 mm and three amounts of fibres: 0, 0.9 and 1.8 kg/m3 were used. The research programme was designed to determine which length of fibres, used in which minimum amount, will, after the fibres melt, permit the development of a connected network and pathway for gases and liquids.
Sensitivity Analysis of Buckling Loads of Bisymmetric I-Section Columns with Bracing Elements / Analiza Wrazliwosci Siły Krytycznej Słupa Cienkosciennego Ze Stezeniami
Authors: Iwicki P.
Published: December 2010

The first order variation of critical loads of thin-walled columns with bisymmetric open cross-section due to some variations of the stiffness and location of bracing elements is derived. The considerations are based on the classical linear theory of thin-walled beams with non-deformable cross-section introduced by Vlasov [1]. Both lateral braces and braces that restraint warping and torsion of the cross-section have been taken into account. In the numerical examples dealing with I-column, the functions describing the influence of location of the braces with unit stiffness on the critical load of torsional and flexural buckling are derived. The linear approximation of the exact relation of the critical load due to the variation of the stiffness and location of braces is determined.
Static Analysis of Reinforced Concrete Beams Strengthened with CFRP Composites/ Analiza Statyczna Belek Zelbetowych Wzmocnionych Tasmami Kompozytowymi
Authors: Głodkowska W. , Ruchwa M.
Published: December 2010

This paper presents the possibility to apply numerical simulation in static analysis of reinforced concrete structure strengthened with carbon fibre reinforced polymer composite strips (CFRP). Reinforced concrete beams, with strengthening in form values CFRP made of carbon fibres and epoxy resin, featuring various width, as well as non-strengthened bent beams, were analysed. The simply supported beams arranged in a free support scheme were subjected to two concentrated forces within full range of loading (until collapse). The numerical analysis was performed through application of the Finite Elements Method (FEM), and the calculation model applied took into account the geometric and physical nonlinearity. The problem was solved by application of the quasi-static strategy method of calculations using ABAQUS software. While analysing the results, we focused on the run of changes in structure displacement and development of material damage, up to the point of destruction of the beam
Application of Analytic Databases to Support Decision Making in Structural Engineering / Zastosowanie Analitycznych Baz Danych Przy Podejmowaniu Decyzji W Obszarze Budownictwa Ladowego
Authors: Szelka J. , Wrona Z.
Published: December 2010

Complex structural engineering projects that involve information-gathering and decision-making processes need to be approached with appropriate systems and tools. As transactional databases are found to be insufficient for this purpose, engineers are adopting multidimensional information systems that have been successfully used in other areas of management, especially business
Smoking and Mental Illness: A Population Study in South Australia
Authors: Bowden Jacqueline A. , Miller Caroline L. , Hiller Janet E.
Published: December 2010

Objective: To examine smoking prevalence and smoking behaviour among South Australians with a mental illness and compare findings to those with no mental illness.

Method: Data were collected in three cross-sectional representative population surveys of South Australians aged ≥15 years from 2005 to 2007. Merged data yielded a total sample size of 8417. The main outcome measures were: smoking prevalence, measures of tobacco dependence, awareness of the health effects of active and passive smoking, smoke-free homes and cars, awareness of health warnings, and use of cessation aids by two measures of mental illness status.

Results: Overall 26.4% of the population with a general mental illness and 51.2% of the population with a severe mental illness smoked, compared to 18.7% of the population without a mental illness. People with a mental illness, particularly severe mental illness displayed higher measures of tobacco dependence. Smokers with a severe mental illness were less likely to have smoke-free homes (OR = 0.29, 95%CI 0.16-0.55). Television was an effective medium to present the health effects of smoking to all groups. Those with a general mental illness were more likely than those with no mental illness to have asked a general practitioner for advice to help them quit in the past year (OR = 2.02, 95%CI 1.07-3.84).

Conclusions: Whilst smokers with a mental illness are more dependent on their smoking; they are interested in quitting. There are a number of mainstream tobacco control strategies that could be further utilized (e.g. mass media and health professional referrals to the Quitline) to increase cessation among this disadvantaged group.
Clinical Improvement after Treatment Provided Through the Better Outcomes in Mental Health Care (BOiMHC) Programme: Do Some Patients Show Greater Improvement Than Others?
Authors: Pirkis Jane , Bassilios Bridget , Fletcher Justine , Sanderson Kristy , Spittal Matthew J. , King Kylie , Kohn Fay , Burgess Philip , Blashki Grant
Published: December 2010

Objective: Australia's Better Outcomes in Mental Health Care (BOiMHC) programme enables GPs to refer patients with common mental disorders to allied health professionals for time-limited treatment, through its Access to Allied Psychological Services (ATAPS) projects. This paper considers whether patients who receive care through the ATAPS projects make clinical gains, if so, whether particular patient-related and treatment-related variables are predictive of these outcomes.

Method: Divisions of General Practice (Divisions), which run the ATAPS projects, are required to enter de-identified data into a minimum dataset, including data on patients’ socio-demographic and clinical characteristics, the sessions of care they receive, and their clinical outcomes. We extracted data from January 2006 to June 2010, and examined the difference between mean pre- and post-treatment scores on the range of outcome measures being used by Divisions. We then conducted a linear regression analysis using scores on the most commonly-used outcome measure as the outcome of interest.

Results: Pre- and post-treatment outcome data were available for 16 700 patients from nine different outcome measures. Across all measures, the mean difference was statistically significant and indicative of clinical improvement. The most commonly-used measure was the Kessler-10 (K-10), and pre- and post-treatment K-10 data were available for 7747 patients. After adjusting for clustering by Division, outcome on the K-10 was associated with age, levels of income and education, previous receipt of mental health care, number of sessions, treatment received and pre-treatment K-10 score. The benchmark was sufficiently high, however, that even the groups that fared relatively less well still showed strong improvement in absolute terms.

Conclusions: Patients who receive care through the ATAPS projects are making considerable clinical gains. A range of socio-demographic, clinical and treatment-based variables are associated with the levels of outcomes achieved, but improvements are still substantial even for those in the relatively disadvantaged groups.
Protocols and Challenges to the Creation of a Cross-Disciplinary Journal
Authors: Gould Thomas H.P.
Published: December 2010

In 2006, the Online Journal of Rural Research and Policy (OJRRP) was launched. The publication is an example of the ability of academia to create narrowly defined scholarly journals aimed at a small, targeted readership while relying on a meagre budget. This article discusses the factors that fostered the creation of hundreds of online-only journals, as well as providing a case study of the creation of OJRRP and the long-term implications of online cross-disciplinary publications. Areas covered include sponsorship, editorial board, editorial staff, software, link rot, code, promotional activities, tracking and supporting usage, and, perhaps most importantly, long-term sustainability. The OJRRP experience is presented along with lessons learned in each area.
The attack on Bishop George Lauder of Argyll in the Auchinleck Chronicle
Authors: MacDonald Iain G.
Published: December 2010

This article investigates the violent encounter between George Lauder, bishop of Argyll (1427–73) and two of his Gaelic-speaking cathedral clergymen at Lismore in August 1452, an incident which is described in the Auchinleck Chronicle. Setting it within the ecclesiastical context of the time it argues that it is wrong to depict this simply as a confrontation between highlander and lowlander, but as the consequence of the ecclesiastical politics pursued by the bishop, which were exacerbated by ongoing political problems in Lorn.
A Scottish Jesuit from Antwerp: Hippolytus Curle
Authors: Vercruysse Jos E.
Published: December 2010

A memorial for Mary, Queen of Scots, and for two of her ladies-in-waiting, Barbara Mowbray-Curle, wife of Gilbert Curle, a secretary of the queen, and her sister-in-law, Elizabeth Curle is kept in St Andrew's Church in Antwerp (Belgium). The monument was founded by Barbara's son, Hippolytus. After the execution of the queen the ladies left England and settled first in Paris and afterwards in Antwerp. The article concentrates on the two sons of Barbara, who became Jesuits. Little is known about the elder, James. He died in 1615 in Spain, probably still a Jesuit student. The younger one, Hippolytus (who died in 1638), acted as a manager in the Scots College in Douai (France). He is praised as one of the principal benefactors of the college. More particularly the article comments on the testament he drew up when he joined the Jesuit order in September 1618, of which an authenticated copy is kept in the Scottish Catholic Archives. It offers a telling insight into the situation of the Curle-Mowbray family in exile. It reveals also the family's major concern: the restoration of Catholicism in Scotland through the training of a suitable clergy.
‘It is truly, in the expressive language of Burke, a nation crying for bread’: the public response to the highland famine of 1836–1837
Authors: MacAskill John
Published: December 2010

Famines and food scarcities in the Highlands and Islands, apart from those of the 1690s and 1847, have been under-examined in Scottish historiography. This article considers an aspect of the serious famine of 1836–7: the public response to the famine as reflected by the committees set up to solicit public subscriptions, principally in Edinburgh, Glasgow and London and by the contemporary newspaper reportage. Three themes in particular are examined: the motive and role of the proprietors in seeking subscriptions; the extent to which the evangelical ethos of the day – that the most potent weapon of God's wrathful providence was famine – influenced the public response; and the highlander as a suitable recipient of public aid. The public response was generous, driven by a strong belief in Christian charity, benevolence, divine direction and philanthropic duty. The highlanders were seen as an object of charity for the debt owed to them by the nation for war time services rendered. The proprietors never shook off the criticism that their appeals to the public were self-serving.
Modernism Under Review: Hugh Kenner's The Pound Era
Authors: Perloff Marjorie
Published: December 2010

This essay offers a critical re-assessment of Hugh Kenner's The Pound Era. It argues that Kenner's magisterial survey remains important to our understanding of Modernism, despite its frankly partisan viewpoint. Kenner's is an insider's account of the Anglo-American Modernist writing that he takes to have been significant because it sought to invent a new language consonant with the ethos of the twentieth century. The essay suggests that Kenner's impeccable attention to the Modernist renovation of language goes beyond formalism, since, for him, its ‘patterned energies’ (a term derived from Buckminster Fuller's theory of knots) relate Modernism to the larger complex of artefacts within which it functions and, beyond these, to what he takes to be the great works of the past and to the scientific-technological inventions of the present. But the essay also points out that Kenner's is an eccentric canon, which makes no room for Forster, Frost, Lawrence, or Stevens. Furthermore, Kenner's emphasis on the First World War as a great cultural rupture, while plausible, works less well for Joyce and Williams than it does for Pound and Eliot.
F. T. Marinetti's Experiments with Acoustic and Visual Poetry: A New Semiotic Approach
Authors: White John J.
Published: December 2010

The present paper identifies evidence of proto-semiotic thinking in Italian Futurist manifestoes and in Marinetti's experimental ‘words-in-freedom’ (parole in libertà). A case is made for approaching visual and acoustic modes of signification in Futurist poetry using Peircean semiotic theory. Readings of iconic and indexical sign-aspects explore the value of quasi-semiotic strategies as reflections of modernity and analyse their role in Futurist pro-war propaganda poetry. Particular attention is paid to semiotic aspects of the movement's ‘Typographical Revolution’, its strategies of codification and the rhetoric of self-signification. Peircean exegesis of various innovative effects throws light on the relationship between iconic and indexical features which earlier semiotic approaches fail to recognize.
‘Telling the day’ in Beatrice Potter Webb and Dorothy Richardson: The Temporality of the Working Woman
Authors: Randall Bryony
Published: December 2010

In this article, the concept of ‘telling the day’, taken from the recent work of sociologist Jonathan Gershuny, is used as the starting point for a consideration of two texts which share as one of their key aims the accurate rendering of the working lives of women around the turn of the last century. These texts are Beatrice Webb's ‘Pages from a Work-Girl's Diary’ (1888), and a chapter from The Tunnel (1919), the fourth chapter-novel of Dorothy Richardson's Pilgrimage. I pay particular attention to the temporality of the way that these texts ‘tell the day’ of their working women protagonists. Apparently from very different genres (early participant-observation sociology, and literary modernism), this article both takes seriously the status of Webb's text as ‘literary experiment’, and argues for the productivity of seeing Richardson as engaging in kind of feminist sociology.
Breeding Better Babies in the Eugenic Garden City: ‘Municipal Darwinism’ and the (Anti)Cosmopolitan Utopia in the early Twentieth Century
Authors: Currell Susan
Published: December 2010

Showing how ‘modernist cosmopolitanism’ coexisted with an anti-cosmopolitan municipal control this essay looks at the way utopian ideals about breeding better humans entered into new town and city planning in the early twentieth century. An experiment in eugenic garden city planning which took place in Strasbourg, France, in the 1920s provided a model for modern planning that was keenly observed by the international eugenics movement as well as city planners. The comparative approach taken in this essay shows that while core beliefs about degeneration and the importance of eugenics to improve the national ‘body’ were often transnational and cosmopolitan, attempts to implement eugenic beliefs on a practical level were shaped by national and regional circumstances that were on many levels anti-cosmopolitan. As a way of assuaging the tensions between the local and the global, as well as the traditional with the modern, this unique and now forgotten experiment in eugenic city planning aimed to show that both preservation and progress could succeed at the same time.
The Entertainments of Late Modernism: Graham Greene and the Career Criminal
Authors: Levay Matthew
Published: December 2010

This essay argues that by responding to the formal experiments of the early modernists without subscribing entirely to their aesthetic aims, Graham Greene's Brighton Rock serves as an exemplary instance of late modernism, offering an account of criminal subjectivity that blends the modernist critique of identity with the narrative conventions of twentieth-century crime and detective fiction. Utilizing the form of the psychological case study to articulate how a career criminal views his identity largely in terms of the conventions of crime fiction, Greene illustrates how late modernism reaffirms the value of a critically maligned popular genre while grappling with the aesthetic paradigms of early modernism.
Women and Islam in Urban Burkina Faso. Definitions and Interpretations of Piety
Authors: Debevec Liza
Published: December 2010

Članek predstavi in analizira koncepte in interpretacije pobožnosti pri muslimankah v urbanem Burkina Fasu ter jih primerja z razumevanjem enakih konceptov v drugih delih zahodne Afrike. Skoz osebne zgodbe informatork ugotavlja neskladje med diskurzom in prakso in skuša ugotoviti, zakaj posameznice, ki največkrat delujejo v enakih razumevanjskih okvirih, v praksi stvari ne vidijo, in ne počnejo, na enak način.
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This article introduces and analyses concepts and interpretations of piety among Muslim women in urban Burkina Faso and compares them with the understanding of these same concepts in other parts of West Africa. Through personal histories of chosen informants it observes the gap between the discourse and the practice and attempts to understand why these individuals, who most often operate within the same conceptual frames, in practice often do not see or do the things in the same way.