bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
SÍNDROME DE MILLER FISHER: UMA PATOLOGIA IMUNOMEDIADA POR ANTICORPOS ANTI-GQ1B
Authors: Araújo João Raphael Calil Lemos , PEIXOTO JULLI MARTINS , RABELO ISADORA DE OLIVEIRA , PEREIRA KELLEN CRISTINE , SILVA JORDANY MOLLINE
Published: June 2022

Introdução: A síndrome de Miller Fisher (SMF) é uma variante da Síndrome de Guillain Barré (SGB), que cursa com a tríade: ataxia, oftalmoplegia e arreflexia, nessa perspectiva, caracteriza-se  como uma síndrome desmielinizante aguda inflamatória e autoimune que acomete o sistema nervoso periférico. Na maioria dos casos, há uma história de infecção prévia (em média 10 dias antes, podendo variar de uma a três semanas) do sistema respiratório ou do sistema nervoso central que precede o aparecimento da sintomatologia sindrômica. Além disso, outros sintomas que levam a suspeita clínica são: gastroenterite, disartria, diplopia, paresia de nervos cranianos, especialmente do nervo facial. Objetivo: Analisar o panorama das publicações acerca da caracterização clínica para o diagnóstico da SMF. Material e métodos: Trata-se de uma revisão de literatura qualitativa realizada por meio de buscas nas bases de dados Google Scholar, Cochrane Library, BVS e PubMed, com seleção de 6 publicações. Resultados: Os fatores que justificam a presença de infecção prévia por agentes como:  Campylobacter  jejuni,  Haemophilus influenzae,  Epstein Barr e citomegalovírus e o surgimento da SMF, estão relacionados ao mecanismo de mimetismo  molecular  entre  o  gangliosídeo GQ1b  nos nervos cranianos e periféricos e os oligossacarídeos presentes na superfície do agente infeccioso em questão, resultando em uma reação cruzada do sistema imune, responsável pela desmielinização dos nervos e aparecimento da sintomatologia da SMF. Dessa forma,  o diagnóstico da SMF é baseado na suspeita clínica e em exames complementares, como o estudo  para  descoberta  de  anticorpos  antigênicos  (o  anti-GQ1b  está  diretamente, mas não exclusivamente,  relacionado com à SMF). Conclusão: Portanto, a SMF, apesar de rara, possui sintomatologia exuberante que além de afetar a qualidade de vida dos portadores, é um desafio diagnóstico para os médicos, nesse sentido é de fundamental importância que os profissionais estejam aptos a reconhecer a SMF, de forma a tranquilizar os pacientes sobre o caráter autolimitado dos sintomas (em média 3 semanas) e a instituir tratamento que acelere a recuperação como a plasmaférese e a  imunoglobulina intravenosa, que inibe a ligação de anticorpos anti-GQ1b a GQ1b, impedindo assim a ligação de anticorpos a GQ1b neural, ativação do complemento e efeitos fisiopatológicos subsequentes.
INSERÇÃO DO GÊNERO E DA SEXUALIDADE NO CURRÍCULO MÉDICO COMO FORMA DE PROMOVER A EQUIDADE
Authors: Morais Rian Barreto Arrais Rodrigues de , RAIMUNDO ALINE CRISTINA BATISTUZZI , BARRETO BEATRIZ LIMA , FIENI KEITE ANTUNES , RONDON MARIANA MENEZES
Published: June 2022

Introdução: Nas unidades de ensino de medicina do país é observado um modelo de ensino pouco flexível, em que o acadêmico não possui autonomia em grande parte do seu processo de estudo-aprendizado. Por um lado, essa metodologia permite sim formar profissionais bem capacitados, entretanto, por outro, impede que o médico desenvolva uma visão mais humana, cuidadosa e reflexiva com cada futuro paciente. Um grande exemplo, são as temáticas de gênero e sexualidade, as quais são superficialmente abordadas no ensino acadêmico, mas são de extrema importância para a vida profissional do médico. Objetivo: O principal objetivo desse trabalho é abordar uma perspectiva sobre a inserção de uma disciplina de gênero e sexualidade na grade curricular da graduação de medicina, analisando a necessidade de inclusão dos fatores humanos e sociais na promoção em saúde e na educação médica. Material e Método:  Foram utilizadas as bases de dados da Scientific Electronic Online (Scielo), biblioteca nacional dos Estados Unidos (Pubmed), dentro do período de 2010 a junho de 2021. Foram revisados estudos publicados na língua inglesa e portuguesa que abordassem a discussão de gênero e sexualidade no âmbito acadêmico, principalmente na formação médica. A seleção da bibliografia, ainda, foi baseada no título, relevância e descrição do trabalho. Resultados: Dentre os estudos analisados ficou claro que a sexualidade é compreendida nos aspectos biológicos, psíquicos e sociais e, assim deve ser incluída no campo da saúde a partir do seu reconhecimento como um aspecto fundamental na educação médica e na promoção em saúde. Discussão: A maior parte dos artigos analisados mostrou a necessidade da abordagem do gênero e da sexualidade de forma a promover a interdisciplinaridade entre os campos das ciências humanas e sociais com a ciência biológica, para que tanto docentes como discentes possam expandir esse debate alargando as fronteiras do conhecimento acadêmico. Conclusão: Portanto, para que, de fato, tenha-se uma perspectiva para além da abordagem exclusivamente biológica, evidenciou-se que é necessário promover um diálogo interdisciplinar entre as ciências biológicas, exatas e humanas no âmbito acadêmico, ampliando, desse modo, aquilo que a visibilidade seletiva à patologia e aos aspectos técnicos da prática médica restringem.
FREQUÊNCIA DE BACTÉRIAS ISOLADAS DO SISTEMA TEGUMENTAR DE PEQUENOS ANIMAIS
Authors: Silva Eliane Ribeiro da , BOSSARDI MELISSA , LIMA DIANE ALVES , CHAGAS PIETRO MARIA , SILVA LETICIA DA
Published: June 2022

Introdução: As constantes mudanças nos hábitos sociais e culturais se criou um vínculo, muitas vezes familiar, entre os homens e os animais, principalmente os domésticos como cães e gatos sendo que essa ligação requer inúmeros cuidados, que se não exercidos geram uma série de consequências para ambas as espécies tornando extremamente relevante para a saúde pública, uma vez que os animais são possíveis fontes de infecção. Objetivo: O objetivo desse estudo foi identificar as bactérias isoladas no sistema tegumentar de cães e gatos de amostras enviadas a um laboratório veterinário de Caxias do Sul no período de janeiro de 2021 a janeiro de 2022. Material e Método: Foi realizado um estudo retrospectivo de 94 laudos de cultura e antibiograma, onde foi utilizado uma gama de antimicrobianos de diferentes classes para avaliar a susceptibilidade, porém nem todos os microrganismos foram testados para os mesmos antimicrobianos. Resultados: Os isolados de cães e gatos foram analisados de forma conjunta, decorrente ao baixo número de isolados oriundos de felinos 5,31% (5/94). O estudo avaliou a presença de 14 gêneros isolados, onde Staphylococcus spp.  foi o gênero bacteriano mais frequente, representando mais de 65% dos isolados (62/94) com diferente caracterização quanto a coagulase (Staphylococcus sp. coagulase negativa 37,25% (35/94) e Staphylococcus sp coagulase positiva 28,73% (27/94) seguido de Proteus sp. (6,40%), E. coli (5,32%) e Klebsiella sp. (4,26%) como os gêneros Gram-negativos mais frequentes. Os demais gêneros foram isolados em menor número, caracterizando um número amostral inferior a 3%. Conclusão: A cultura e antibiograma são exames complementares de grande relevância, uma vez que permitem a identificação das bactérias envolvidas no processo infeccioso, além de determinar o perfil de sensibilidade desses sendo a identificação e caracterização destes isolados cruciais para a escolha do melhor método para avaliação de sensibilidade assim como determinar o conjunto de antimicrobianos a serem testados, acordando as diretrizes utilizadas por cada laboratório.
GESTANTES COM DIETA VEGETARIANA: OS POSSÍVEIS IMPACTOS NO ORGANISMO MATERNO E FETAL.
Authors: Silva Jordany Molline , PEIXOTO JULLI MARTINS , RABELO ISADORA DE OLIVERIA , ARAUJO JOÃO RAPHAEL CALIL LEMOS , PEREIRA KELLEN CRISTINE
Published: June 2022

Introdução: A gravidez é um evento resultante da fecundação do ovócito pelo espermatozóide. Este é um momento de diversas transformações no organismo materno, como o aumento de demandas nutricionais, dessa forma sendo fundamental para o harmônico desenvolvimento fetal uma nutrição materna adequada. Relacionado aos aspectos da alimentação, constata-se que em todas as regiões brasileiras, uma porcentagem considerável dos brasileiros já deixou de comer carne, por vontade própria, pelo menos uma vez na semana. Associado a esse dado, no que diz respeito às gestantes e a sua alimentação, houve também mais adesão às dietas vegetarianas promovendo a necessidade de analisar quanto à segurança materno e fetal. Objetivo: Elencar os possíveis impactos no organismo materno e fetal devido a adoção de uma dieta vegetariana durante o período gravídico. Metodologia: Trata-se de uma revisão de literatura qualitativa realizada por meio de buscas nas bases de dados Google Scholar, BVS e PubMed, com seleção de 10 artigos. Para isso, foi utilizado os seguintes descritores: "dieta vegetariana", "feto", "gravidez" e "relações materno-fetais", sendo que a correlação destes foi feita a partir do operador booleano AND. Resultados: As dietas vegetarianas são o consumo alimentar, de forma majoritária de origem vegetal, excluindo carne e pescado. Em estudos recentes, concluiu-se que mesmo diante das disparidades na literatura sobre a temática, a adoção da alimentação vegetariana aparentemente é segura. Durante o período gravídico, uma dieta rica em plantas pode ser fator protetor contra patologias maternas como pré-eclâmpsia, obesidade e diminui a exposição a agentes genotóxicos, além de reduzir a probabilidade do desenvolvimento posterior de doenças pediátricas, como diabetes, defeitos de tubo neural, fendas orofaciais e alguns tumores pediátricos. Porém também existem possíveis desvantagens dessa dieta para gestantes, algumas deficiências nutricionais, de ferro, vitamina B12 e zinco. Conclusão: Em razão disso, é evidente que a adoção da dieta vegetariana no período gravídico tem repercussões materno-fetal positivas e negativas. Dessa forma, a literatura afirma que gestantes podem seguir uma dieta vegetariana sem oferecer malefícios à própria saúde ou à saúde do feto, porém é importante salientar que é necessário a suplementação correta dos principais nutrientes.
DESEMPENHO DO BRASIL NA PRIMEIRA DÉCADA MUNDIAL DE AÇÕES PARA A SEGURANÇA VIÁRIA
Authors: Santiago Marizângela Lissandra de Oliveira , SENA FRANCISCO THIAGO CARNEIRO , GOMES MÁRCIA LÚCIA DE OLIVEIRA , SENA DANUTA TEREZA LIMA , ALBUQUERQUE MÔNICA LEILIANE DE OLIVEIRA
Published: June 2022

Introdução: O terceiro Objetivo de Desenvolvimento Sustentável (ODS 3) tem entre suas metas a redução de mortes e traumatismos por acidentes de trânsito. Nesse sentido, países de todo o mundo planejaram ações que visavam reduzir as mortes no trânsito em 50% até 2020, a partir da declaração da Década Mundial de Ações para a Segurança Viária (2011-2020). Objetivo: Realizar uma análise comparativa da mortalidade por acidente de trânsito no Brasil entre o primeiro e o último anos da Década Mundial de Ações para a Segurança Viária. Metodologia:: Estudo ecológico, descritivo, utilizando dados do Sistema de Informações sobre Mortalidade, do Ministério da Saúde, referentes aos óbitos por acidentes de transporte terrestre (CID V01-V89) no Brasil, nos anos de 2011 e 2020. Foi calculada a diferença na mortalidade geral para todos os tipos de acidentes de transporte terrestre ocorridos nos dois anos, assim como a diferença por cada tipo de acidente, em valor bruto e percentual, utilizando o programa Excel® for Windows. Por utilizar dados de domínio público, foi dispensada apreciação por Comitê de Ética. Resultados: Os dados apontam que, no Brasil, ocorreram 43.256 e 32.716 óbitos por acidentes de transporte terrestre nos anos de 2011 e 2020, respectivamente, havendo, portanto, uma redução do evento em 24,4% (10.540 óbitos). Com relação aos tipos de acidentes, houve redução de 44,6% (4.124) dos óbitos de pedestres; 42,8% (83) de ocupantes de ônibus; 38% (144) de ocupantes de caminhonete; 35,5% (3.514) dos óbitos por outros acidentes de transporte terrestre; 30,6% (2.981) de ocupantes de automóvel; 11,4% (97%) de transporte de veículo pesado; e 8,3% (123) de ciclista. No entanto, houve aumento de 3,7% (420) na mortalidade de motociclista. Conclusões: Apesar dos avanços na redução da mortalidade de alguns tipos de acidentes, principalmente envolvendo pedestres e ocupantes de automóvel, os quais são responsáveis por altas taxas de mortalidade no país, a meta proposta pela ONU para a primeira Década Mundial de Ações para a Segurança Viária não foi alcançada. Ademais, a redução da mortalidade por acidentes de moto ainda representa um desafio.
ATUAÇÃO DO ENFERMEIRO NA ATENÇÃO PRIMÁRIA À SAÚDE: VIOLÊNCIA CONTRA A CRIANÇA
Authors: Carvalho Victória Rodrigues de , SILVA ANDREARA DE ALMEIDA E , VADOR ROSANA MARIA FARIA
Published: June 2022

Introdução A violência infantil é um fenômeno de escala global, atingindo cerca de 300 milhões de crianças de 2 a 4 anos de idade, que são expostas a punições violentas praticadas por seus responsáveis, a maioria das vítimas são meninas. Aproximadamente 4860 crianças são agredidas físico e/ou psicologicamente todos os dias, somente no Brasil, onde apenas 5% são denunciados. Objetivo: O Objetivo deste trabalho é identificar os principais fatores de risco da violência contra a criança e propor um check-list com mecanismos de identificação de violência. Metodologia: Trata-se de uma revisão integrativa de literatura, onde foram utilizados 16 artigos através da base de dados PUBMED e LILACS, acervos digitais de universidades e páginas da internet, do período de 2012 a 2022, com idioma português, inglês e espanhol. Resultados: Observado que apesar de existirem diversos mecanismos de prevenção, conscientização e formas de denunciar, a violência tem crescido nós últimos anos. Os dilemas ético-legais na atenção à criança vítima de violência, destacando-se os decorrentes da obrigatoriedade de notificação dos casos às autoridades judiciais e os inerentes à assistência de enfermagem orientada pelos princípios da beneficência, autonomia e justiça. A importância de profissionais de enfermagem sem formação superior atuando frente aos maus-tratos (técnicos e auxiliares de enfermagem), ou seja, profissionais de enfermagem com vários níveis de educação e escolaridade podem identificar de casos de violência. Conclusão: É possível concluir que neste estudo a importância da atuação dos Enfermeiros são as ações preventivas, e para realizá-las é necessário capacitação e trabalho de toda a equipe e comunidade, a sensibilização da enfermagem e a importância da enfermagem no diagnóstico precoce dos casos de violência contra criança.
AUDITORIA NO SUS: UMA ANÁLISE DE RESULTADOS A PARTIR DO FLUXO IMPLANTADO NA SECRETARIA MUNICIPAL DE SAÚDE DE ANÁPOLIS EM 2019 E 2020
Authors: SILVA LORENA ANDRADE
Published: June 2022

Introdução: A auditoria no SUS proporciona a observância de informações e dados que se tornam vitais para o cumprimento dos princípios de eficiência na gestão do sistema único de saúde. As ações do processo de auditoria contribuem para subsidiar os gestores e os prestadores de serviços do SUS, na adoção de medidas que corrijam ou evitem impropriedades e irregularidades no uso indevido dos recursos públicos. Objetivo: Demonstrar os resultados alcançados com a implantação de um fluxo gerencial de auditoria adequado, proporcionando controle e gerenciamento de desperdício de gastos para a gestão pública. Metodologia: Trata-se de um estudo bibliográfico, documental, descritivo, explicativo e quantitativo. É uma pesquisa de levantamento de dados que se baseia em uma investigação fundamentada em referencial teórico. O universo deste estudo é composto por 1.543 (mil quinhentos e quarenta e três) relatórios preliminares e finais de auditoria, elaborados por 14 (catorze) auditores de controle e avaliação, referente às auditorias executadas em 57 (cinquenta e sete) prestadores de saúde contratualizados com a secretaria municipal de saúde de Anápolis em 2019 e 2020. Deste universo, foram selecionados 964 (novecentos e sessenta e quatro) relatórios para o cálculo e apuração das devoluções de recursos aplicadas. Resultados: Dos 1.543 relatórios preliminares e finais de auditoria analisados, 964 recomendavam devoluções de recursos apontadas com base nos manuais, legislações e diretrizes estabelecidos pelo Ministério da saúde e Denasus. No ano de 2020 foi gerado um montante maior de devoluções de recursos quando comparado a 2019. Sob os prestadores que devolveram a maior quantidade de recursos ao fundo municipal de saúde, observou-se uma prática reincidente das principais não conformidades apontadas. Conclusão: Faz-se necessário apostar na capacidade de organização do trabalho de auditoria na saúde pública, na tentativa de otimizar a gestão dos gastos públicos e evitar os desperdícios decorrentes de erros operacionais e de investimentos.
Investigation of the energy characteristics of the use of natural methane in the gas-diesel process of an internal combustion engine
Authors:   Voronezh State Agrarian University named after Emperor Peter I, Dimoglo Anatoly , Kozlov Vyacheslav
Published: June 2022

A chemmotological analysis of natural gas used as motor fuel for modern gas-diesel internal combustion engines is presented. An automated system for changing the fuel supply and the ignition timing angle is considered depending on the assessment of the energy characteristic (Wobbe number) and methane number (MH) of natural gas by measuring the physical characteristics of the gas mixture by the additivity of its composition using measurements of the content of each component in natural gas. Keywords: GAS DIESEL, CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, TESTS, LABORATORY INSTALLATION, COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURE, METHANE NUMBER, IGNITION DOSE, THERMODYNAMIC FUNDAMENTALS OF THE GAS DIESEL CYCLE, ENERGY INDICATORS
Rules Beyond the Rules: An Ethnographic Study of Informal Institutions in the Community School
Authors: Hamal Sanjay
Published: June 2022

PhD Thesis Abstract
A brickworker becomes transformative STEAM educator: Journey of resistance, advocacy, and envisioning
Authors: Manandhar Netra Kumar
Published: June 2022

My journey from brick worker to STEAM education was/is characterized by resistance, advocacy, and envisioning. Surrounded by pains, sufferings, hurdles, and economic adversities, I spent more than 18 years in several brick factories resisting the economic vulnerabilities. At the same time, I faced tremendous difficulties in educating myself in the formal and conventional/traditional nature of educational models. The similar contexts led my upper higher education till BEd in mathematics education. The duration of more than three years in my master's in mathematics education, and MPhil in STEAM education was a precious moment for me to start my journey of resisting, advocating, and envisioning life and educational practices. The journey from a brick worker to STEAM educator was the biggest challenge for me. I accepted the challenges put by my life and education system and tackled them to become more skillful, knowledgeable, and aware to solve them and develop alternative practices which are more authentic, open, critical, empowering, and inclusive for myself and others. Thus, this research portrays my journey of resisting disempowering educational practices, advocating progressive and empowering practices, and envisioning a transformative educational perspective via autoethnography as a methodology and transformative learning theory as a theoretical referent. The research is useful for educators and others to bring quality and meaningful changes in educational practices for sustainable development in education and life.
Research as/for reconceptualizing learning in Nepal: A praxis of a teacher-researcher
Authors: Shrestha Raju
Published: June 2022

This paper is an outcome of my MPhil dissertation, in which I was engaged in transformative research practice to critically look into the learning practices that I followed in my non/academic journey from my childhood education to my MPhil research period. The learning practices can be inevitable approaches to transformative learning but might not have been given a space in the educational context of Nepal. Keeping this in consideration, I, as a transformative teacher-researcher, attempt to re-conceptualize learning practices in Nepal by breaking the beliefs taken for granted that learning takes place only within the classroom guided by teachers’ pedagogical practices. In other words, I make an argument for the approaches to transformative learning apart from classroom pedagogy. In doing so, I reflect on my learning journey by responding to the guiding research question, ‘How did I adopt transformative learning practices apart from classroom pedagogy from my childhood education to MPhil research?’ For this, I engage in critical self-reflection on my learning practices using a multi-paradigmatic (interpretivism, criticalism, postmodernism) research approach and autoethnography as a research method to capture my autobiographical learning journey from childhood education to my MPhil degree. I conclude the paper by providing my transformative learning practices: learning beyond the classroom context, learning through critical reflection, learning through a disorienting dilemma, learning through writing about self and others, learning through perspectival meaning-making, and learning through envisioning by critically looking through the lens of knowledge constitutive interests and transformative theories. The theories help me in the process of analyzing, interpreting, and making meaning of my experience. Further, the theories support me to orient my arguments toward transformative education by deconstructing the taken-for-granted teaching and learning practices of teachers, practitioner-researchers, and educators in the context of Nepal.
Conservation and development of human resources through the return migration policy
Authors: Ryndzak Olha , Bachynska Mariia
Published: June 2022

Purpose. The purpose of the article is to develop the theoretical and methodological foundations for the study of return migration policy based on its information support, including regression analysis and authors’ sociological research on return intentions of Ukrainian migrants.

Methodology / approach. The mathematical tools were used for the assessment of Ukraine’s economical losses, related to migration. With the help of the sociological method (survey) migrants’ intentions and main motives to return were investigated. Stepwise regression model was built for identification of main factors of Ukrainian population’s international migration. Besides, general scientific methods were used in the study, such as: analysis, generalization, systematization, tabular and graphical.

Results. Analysis showed the lack of statistical and sociological information on international migration (particularly return migration) of Ukrainian population. It substantiates the need for improving the system of information provision of migration policy. The results of the survey of the migrants from the Carpathian region of Ukraine (conducted in 2020) show low level of their readiness to return. According to the answers to the questionnaire, there are two main circumstances that could motivate migrants to return: high level of wages and general improving of economic situation in Ukraine. Due to the regression model it was found that the emigration of the population is influenced by the following factors: average monthly wages, gross regional product per capita, foreign direct investment per economically active person and the share of the population with incomes below the subsistence level. The article provides main benefits and ways of implementation of the return migration policy. Particularly, circular migration is considered as a good way to slow down losses of human resources. It is beneficial for all institutional units of the migration process.

Originality / scientific novelty. The methodology for the consequences of international migration study is improved. In particular, the formula for determination of migration losses through the calculation of economic activity losses is proposed and calculated for the first time. The theoretical foundation of return migration policy is developed. In particular, the model of return migration process on the individual level is elaborated. The sociological tool for the return migration investigation is developed and tested.

Practical value / implications. The practical recommendations for the human resources conservation are worked out. The questions for the survey, developed by the authors, could be used in further investigations in this issue. The model of return migration process is useful for developing a comprehensive return migration policy, which could support migrants at all stages of this process: decisions making, movement and reintegration.
Forecasting agricultural commodity price using different models: a case study of widely consumed grains in Nigeria
Authors: Sanusi Olajide I. , Safi Samir K. , Adeeko Omotara , Tabash Mosab I.
Published: June 2022

Purpose. This study highlights the specific and accurate methods for forecasting prices of commonly consumed grains or legumes in Nigeria based on data from January 2017 to June 2020.

Methodology / approach. Different models that include autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA), artificial neural networks (ANN), seasonal decomposition of time series by loess method (STLM), and a combination of these three models (hybrid model) were proposed to forecast the sample grain price data. This study uses price data on widely consumed grains, such as white maize, local rice, imported rice, and white beans, in Nigeria from January 2017 to June 2020.

Results. Our result indicates that ARIMA is the best applicable model for white maize and imported rice because it is well fitted to stationary data, as demonstrated in the sample period. The STLM is more appropriate in forecasting white beans. As white beans are highly seasonal in Nigeria, it further explains why the STLM model fits better in forecasting prices. The production of local rice is inconsistent in Nigeria because of erratic rainfall and stiff competition from the importation of rice from other countries. Therefore, and consistent with the analysis, the hybrid model is the best model applicable to local rice because it captures varying trends exhibited in the data.

Originality / scientific novelty. This study suggests most accurate forecasting techniques for specific agricultural commodities in sub-Saharan African countries. It considers forecasting prices of commonly consumed grains and legumes in Nigeria and traded worldwide, such as imported rice, local rice, beans, and maize.

Practical value / implications. The study highlights the importance of appropriate forecasts for policymakers, producers, and consumers to enhance better decision making and serve as an underlying incentive to guide the allocation of financial resources to the agricultural sector, which determines the structure and degree of sectoral growth.
Financial well-being of territorial communities and the economic growth of the regions of Ukraine: assessment and modeling of interrelation
Authors: Voznyak Halyna , Mulska Olha , Bil Mariana , Patytska Khrystyna , Lysiak Liubov
Published: June 2022

Purpose. The purpose of the article to assess and model the interrelation between the financial well-being of territorial communities (TCs) and regional economic growth in Ukraine under conditions of uncertainty.

Methodology / approach. The empirics of assessment and modeling of a causal relationship between the financial well-being of TCs and economic growth of regions is based on: the construction of time series for empirical parameters of territorial communities’ financial well-being (substantiation of structural elements of financial well-being, TCs clusterization by the criteria of profitability, and calculation of integral coefficients); multidimensional estimation of regional economic growth (multiplicative approach, principal component analysis); detection of impact (“pressure” force) of TCs’ financial well-being on the paces of regional economic growth (index and regression methods).

Results. Based on the results of the integral assessment with preliminary clusterization of TCs by their revenues, the article reveals that in 2020, the weighted average level of TCs’ financial well-being in Ukrainian regions was the highest in Zakarpattia (0.592), Kherson (0.534), Zaporizhzhia (0.513), and Chernivtsi (0.512) oblasts, while the lowest – in Ivano-Frankivsk (0.281) oblast. In 2010–2020, Ivano-Frankivsk (0.48 %), Poltava (0.06 %), Rivne (0.16 %), Ternopil (0.25 %), Khmelnytskyi (0.35 %), and Chernihiv (0.54 %) oblasts demonstrated higher annual average economic growth paces, while Dnipropetrovsk (-0.86 %) and Kherson (-0.94 %) oblasts – negative ones.

Originality / scientific novelty. The article enhances the methodological approach to the complementary assessment of TCs’ financial well-being and regional economic growth, which has contributed to modeling the ability of territories’ economies to increase investment-economic capacity and the causal relationship between economic growth determinants and the financial capacity of territorial communities in regions. 

Practical value / implications. The article offers and substantiates the action-oriented approach to the assessment of regional economic development. Its implementation contributes to making the spatial breakdown of the system’s economic condition and building the architectonics of economic progress determinants to determine the “divergence areas” of regional development.
Assessing the representativity of NH3 measurements influenced by boundary-layer dynamics and the turbulent dispersion of a nearby emission source
Authors: Schulte Ruben B. , van Zanten Margreet C. , van Stratum Bart J. H. , Vilà-Guerau de Arellano Jordi
Published: June 2022

Abstract. This study presents a fine-scale simulation approach to assess the representativity of ammonia (NH3) measurements in the proximity of an emission source. Close proximity to emission sources (< 5 km) can introduce a bias in regionally representative measurements of the NH3 molar fraction and flux. Measurement sites should, therefore, be located a significant distance away from emission sources, but these requirements are poorly defined and can be difficult to meet in densely agricultural regions. This study presents a consistent criterion to assess the regional representativity of NH3 measurements in proximity to an emission source, calculating variables that quantify the NH3 plume dispersion using a series of numerical experiments at a fine resolution (20 m). Our fine-scale simulation framework with explicitly resolved turbulence enables us to distinguish between the background NH3 and the emission plume, including realistic representations of NH3 deposition and chemical gas–aerosol transformations. We introduce the concept of blending distance based on the calculation of turbulent fluctuations to systematically analyze the impact of the emission plume on simulated measurements, relative to this background NH3. We perform a suite of systematic numerical experiments for flat homogeneous grasslands, centered around the CESAR Observatory at Cabauw, to analyze the sensitivity of the blending distance, varying meteorological factors, emission/deposition and NH3 dependences. Considering these sensitivities, we find that NH3 measurements at this measurement site should be located at a minimum distance of 0.5–3.0 and 0.75–4.5 km from an emission source for NH3 molar fraction and flux measurements, respectively. The simulation framework presented here can easily be adapted to local conditions, and paves the way for future ammonia research to integrate simulations at high spatio-temporal resolutions with observations of NH3 concentrations and fluxes.
High-frequency gaseous and particulate chemical characterization using extractive electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (Dual-Phase-EESI-TOF)
Authors: Lee Chuan Ping , Surdu Mihnea , Bell David M. , Dommen Josef , Xiao Mao , Zhou Xueqin , Baccarini Andrea , Giannoukos Stamatios , Wehrle Günther , Schneider Pascal André , Prevot Andre S. H. , Slowik Jay G. , Lamkaddam Houssni , Wang Dongyu , Baltensperger Urs , El Haddad Imad
Published: June 2022

Abstract. To elucidate the sources and chemical reaction pathways of organic vapors and particulate matter in the ambient atmosphere, real-time detection of both the gas and particle phase is needed. State-of-the-art techniques often suffer from thermal decomposition, ionization-induced fragmentation, high cut-off size of aerosols or low time resolution. In response to all these limitations, we developed a new technique that uses extractive electrospray ionization (EESI) for online gas and particle chemical speciation, namely the dual-phase extractive electrospray ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometer (Dual-Phase-EESI-TOF or Dual-EESI for short). The Dual-EESI was designed and optimized to measure gas- and particle-phase species with saturation vapor concentrations spanning more than 10 orders of magnitude with good linearity and a measurement cycle as fast as 3 min. The gas-phase selectivity of the Dual-EESI was compared with that of nitrate chemical ionization mass spectrometry. In addition, we performed organic aerosol uptake experiments to characterize the relative gas and particle response factors. In general, the Dual-EESI is more sensitive toward gas-phase analytes as compared to their particle-phase counterparts. The real-time measurement capability of the Dual-EESI for chemically speciated gas- and particle-phase measurements can provide new insights into aerosol sources or formation mechanisms, where gas-particle partitioning behavior can be determined after absolute parameterization of the gas / particle sensitivity.
Cloud phase and macrophysical properties over the Southern Ocean during the MARCUS field campaign
Authors: Xi Baike , Dong Xiquan , Zheng Xiaojian , Wu Peng
Published: June 2022

Abstract. To investigate the cloud phase and macrophysical properties over the Southern Ocean (SO), the Department of Energy (DOE) Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) Mobile Facility (AMF2) was installed on the Australian icebreaker research vessel (R/V) Aurora Australis during the Measurements of Aerosols, Radiation, and Clouds over the Southern Ocean (MARCUS) field campaign (41 to 69∘ S, 60 to 160∘ E) from October 2017 to March 2018. To examine cloud properties over the midlatitude and polar regions, the study domain is separated into the northern (NSO) and southern (SSO) parts of the SO, with a demarcation line of 60∘ S. The total cloud fractions (CFs) were 77.9 %, 67.6 %, and 90.3 % for the entire domain, NSO and SSO, respectively, indicating that higher CFs were observed in the polar region. Low-level clouds and deep convective clouds are the two most common cloud types over the SO. A new method was developed to classify liquid, mixed-phase, and ice clouds in single-layered, low-level clouds (LOW), where mixed-phase clouds dominate with an occurrence frequency (Freq) of 54.5 %, while the Freqs of the liquid and ice clouds were 10.1 % (most drizzling) and 17.4 % (least drizzling). The meridional distributions of low-level cloud boundaries are nearly independent of latitude, whereas the cloud temperatures increased by ∼8 K, and atmospheric precipitable water vapor increased from ∼5 mm at 69∘ S to ∼18 mm at 43∘ S. The mean cloud liquid water paths over NSO were much larger than those over SSO. Most liquid clouds occurred over NSO, with very few over SSO, whereas more mixed-phase clouds occurred over SSO than over NSO. There were no significant differences for the ice cloud Freq between NSO and SSO. The ice particle sizes are comparable to cloud droplets and drizzle drops and well mixed in the cloud layer. These results will be valuable for advancing our understanding of the meridional and vertical distributions of clouds and can be used to improve model simulations over the SO.
Droughts can reduce the nitrogen retention capacity of catchments
Authors: Winter Carolin , Nguyen Tam V. , Musolff Andreas , Lutz Stefanie R. , Rode Michael , Kumar Rohini , Fleckenstein Jan H.
Published: June 2022

Abstract. In 2018–2019, Central Europe experienced an unprecedented multi-year drought with severe impacts on society and ecosystems. In this study, we analyzed the impact of this drought on water quality by comparing long-term (1997–2017) nitrate export with 2018–2019 export in a heterogeneous mesoscale catchment. We combined data-driven analysis with process-based modelling to analyze nitrogen retention and the underlying mechanisms in the soils and during subsurface transport. We found a drought-induced shift in concentration-discharge relationships, reflecting exceptionally low riverine nitrate concentrations during dry periods and exceptionally high concentrations during subsequent wet periods. Nitrate loads were up to 70 % higher, compared to the long-term load-discharge relationship. Model simulations confirmed that this increase was driven by decreased denitrification and plant uptake and subsequent flushing of accumulated nitrogen during rewetting. Fast transit times (<2 months) during wet periods in the upstream sub-catchments enabled a fast water quality response to drought. In contrast, longer transit times downstream (>20 years) inhibited a fast response but potentially contribute to a long-term drought legacy. Overall, our study reveals that severe multi-year droughts, which are predicted to become more frequent across Europe, can reduce the nitrogen retention capacity of catchments, thereby intensifying nitrate pollution and threatening water quality.
Sensitivities of subgrid-scale physics schemes, meteorological forcing, and topographic radiation in atmosphere-through-bedrock integrated process models: A case study in the Upper Colorado River Basin
Authors: Xu Zexuan , Siirila-Woodburn Erica R. , Rhoades Alan M. , Feldman Daniel
Published: June 2022

Abstract. Mountain hydrology is controlled by interacting processes extending from the atmosphere through the bedrock. Integrated process models (IPM), one of the main tools needed to interpret observations and refine conceptual models of the mountainous water cycle, require meteorological forcing that simulates the atmospheric process to predict hydroclimate then subsequently impacts surface-subsurface hydrology. Complex terrain and extreme spatial heterogeneity in mountainous environments drive uncertainty in several key considerations in IPM configurations, and require further quantification and sensitivity analyses. Here, we present an IPM using the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model coupled with an integrated hydrologic model, ParFlow-CLM, implemented over a domain centered over the East River Watershed (ERW), located in the Upper Colorado River Basin (UCRB). The ERW is a heavily-instrumented 300 km2 region in the headwaters of the UCRB near Crested Butte, CO, with a growing atmosphere-through-bedrock observation network. Through a series of experiments in water year 2019 (WY19), we use four meteorological forcings derived from commonly used reanalysis datasets, three subgrid-scale physics scheme configurations, and two terrain shading options within WRF to test the relative importance of these experimental design choices on key hydrometeorological metrics including precipitation, snowpack, as well as evapotranspiration, groundwater storage, and discharge simulated by the ParFlow-CLM. Results reveal that sub-grid scale physics configuration contributes to larger spatiotemporal variance in simulated hydrometeorological conditions, whereas variance across meteorological forcing with common sub-grid scale physics configurations is more spatiotemporally constrained. For example, simulated discharge shows greater variance in response to the WRF simulations across subgrid-scale physics schemes (26 %) rather than meteorological forcing (6 %). Topographic radiation option has minor effects on the watershed-average hydrometeorological processes, but adds profound spatial heterogeneity to local energy budgets (+/-30 W/m2 in shortwave radiation and 1 K air temperature differences in late summer). The findings from this study provide guidance on an IPM setup that most accurately represents atmospheric-through-bedrock hydrometeorological processes and can be used to guide future modeling and fieldwork in mountainous watersheds.
Contrasts in dissolved, particulate and sedimentary organic carbon from the Kolyma River to the East Siberian Shelf
Authors: Jong Dirk J. , Bröder Lisa , Tesi Tommaso , Keskitalo Kirsi H. , Zimov Nikita , Davydova Anna , Pika Philip , Haghipour Negar , Eglinton Timothy I. , Vonk Jorien E.
Published: June 2022

Abstract. Arctic rivers will be increasingly affected by the hydrological and biogeochemical consequences of thawing permafrost. During transport, permafrost-derived organic carbon (OC) can either accumulate in floodplain and shelf sediments or be degraded into greenhouse gases prior to final burial. Thus, the net impact of permafrost OC on climate will ultimately depend on the interplay of complex processes that occur along the source-to-sink system. Here, we focused on the Kolyma River, the largest watershed completely underlain by continuous permafrost, and marine sediments of the East Siberian Sea as a transect to investigate the fate of permafrost OC along the land-ocean continuum. Three pools of riverine OC were investigated for the Kolyma main stem and five of its tributaries: dissolved OC (DOC), suspended particulate OC (POC), and riverbed sediment OC (SOC) and compared to earlier findings in marine sediments. Carbon isotopes (δ13C, Δ14C), lignin phenol, and lipid biomarkers show a contrasting composition and degradation state of these different carbon pools. Dual isotope source apportionment calculations imply that old permafrost-OC is mostly associated with sediments (SOC; contribution of 68 ± 10 %), and less dominant in POC (38 ± 8 %), while autochthonous primary production contributes around 44 ± 10 % to POC in the main stem and up to 79 ± 11 % in tributaries. Biomarker degradation indices suggest that Kolyma DOC is relatively degraded, regardless of its generally young age shown by previous studies. In contrast, SOC shows the lowest Δ14C signal (oldest OC), yet relatively fresh compositional signatures. Furthermore, decreasing mineral surface area-normalised OC- and biomarker loadings suggest that SOC is reactive along the land-ocean continuum supporting the idea that floodplain and shelf sediments are efficient reactors. A better understanding of DOC and POC dynamics in Arctic rivers is still necessary, however, this study highlights that sedimentary dynamics play a crucial role when targeting permafrost-derived OC in aquatic systems. Chemical and physical processes (e.g. degradation, sorption) along fluvial-marine transects will determine to what degree thawed permafrost OC may be destined for long-term burial, therewith attenuating further global warming.
A 30 m annual maize phenology dataset from 1985 to 2020 in China
Authors: Niu Quandi , Li Xuecao , Huang Jianxi , Huang Hai , Huang Xianda , Su Wei , Yuan Wenping
Published: June 2022

Abstract. Crop phenology indicators provide essential information
on crop growth phases, which are highly required for agroecosystem
management and yield estimation. Previous crop phenology studies were mainly
conducted using coarse-resolution (e.g., 500 m) satellite data, such as the
moderate resolution imaging spectroradiometer (MODIS) data. However,
precision agriculture requires higher resolution phenology information of
crops for better agroecosystem management, and this requirement can be met
by long-term and fine-resolution Landsat observations. In this study, we
generated the first national maize phenology product with a fine spatial
resolution (30 m) and a long temporal span (1985–2020) in China, using all
available Landsat images on the Google Earth Engine (GEE) platform. First,
we extracted long-term mean phenological indicators using the harmonic
model, including the v3 (i.e., the date when the third leaf is fully
expanded) and the maturity phases (i.e., when the dry weight of maize grains
first reaches the maximum). Second, we identified the annual dynamics of
phenological indicators by measuring the difference in dates when the
vegetation index in a specific year reaches the same magnitude as its
long-term mean. The derived maize phenology datasets are consistent with
in situ observations from the agricultural meteorological stations and the
PhenoCam network. Besides, the derived fine-resolution phenology dataset
agrees well with the MODIS phenology product regarding the spatial
patterns and temporal dynamics. Furthermore, we observed a noticeable
difference in maize phenology temporal trends before and after 2000, which
is likely attributable to the changes in temperature and precipitation,
which further altered the farming activities. The extracted maize phenology
dataset can support precise yield estimation and deepen our understanding of
the future agroecosystem response to global warming. The data are available
at https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.16437054
(Niu et al., 2021).
Global climate-related predictors at kilometre resolution for the past and future
Authors: Brun Philipp , Zimmermann Niklaus E. , Hari Chantal , Pellissier Loïc , Karger Dirk N.
Published: June 2022

Abstract. A multitude of physical and biological processes on which ecosystems and human societies depend are governed by climatic conditions. Understanding how these processes are altered by climate change is central to mitigation efforts. Based on mechanistically downscaled climate data, we developed a set of climate-related variables at yet unprecedented spatiotemporal detail as a basis for environmental and ecological analyses. We created gridded data for near-surface relative humidity (hurs), cloud area fraction (clt), near-surface wind speed (sfcWind), vapour pressure deficit (vpd), surface downwelling shortwave radiation (rsds), potential evapotranspiration (pet), climate moisture index (cmi), and site water balance (swb), at a monthly temporal and 30 arcsec spatial resolution globally, from 1980 until 2018 (time-series variables). At the same spatial resolution, we further estimated climatological normals of frost change frequency (fcf), snow cover days (scd), potential net primary productivity (npp), growing degree days (gdd), and growing season characteristics for the periods 1981–2010, 2011–2040, 2041–2070, and 2071–2100, considering three shared socioeconomic pathways (SSP126, SSP370, SSP585) and five Earth system models (projected variables). Time-series variables showed high accuracy when validated against observations from meteorological stations. Projected variables were also highly correlated to observations, although some variables showed notable biases, e.g., snow cover days (scd). Together, the CHELSA-BIOCLIM+ data set presented here (https://doi.org/10.16904/envidat.332, Brun et al., 2022) allows improving our understanding of patterns and processes that are governed by climate, including the impact of recent and future climate changes on the world’s ecosystems and associated services to societies.