bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Description of the female of Copestylum tigrinum Ricarte & Hancock in Ricarte et al., 2015 (Diptera, Syrphidae), first record in mainland South America and new larval host plant
Authors: MIRANDA GIL F. G. , SOARES MATHEUS M. M. , FERNANDES DANIELL R. R. , RAFAEL JOSÉ A.
Published: September 2022

Larvae of Copestylum tigrinum Ricarte & Hancock in Ricarte et al. 2015 were reared from fallen fruits of Casearia combaymensis Tul. (Salicaceae) collected in the Brazilian Amazon (Amazonas, Brazil). This is the first record of this species in mainland South America and Brazil, and the first record of a fruit of Salicaceae as a food substrate for the larvae of C. tigrinum. The female and its genitalia are described for the first time, the puparium is redescribed and some aspects of the biology of Copestylum are discussed.
Reevaluation of the genus Cyclops Müller, 1776 (Cyclopoida: Cyclopidae) in the Laurentian Great Lakes basin: first report of the Palearctic species Cyclops divergens Lindberg, 1936 from Lake Erie and documentation of Cyclops sibiricus Lindberg, 1949 in the St. Marys River
Authors: CONNOLLY JOSEPH K. , MARSHALL CHRISTOPHER C. , HUDSON PATRICK L. , WATKINS JAMES M. , SCOFIELD ANNE E. , RUDSTAM LARS G.
Published: September 2022

Large cyclopoid copepods of the genus Cyclops Müller, 1776 are seldom collected in the Laurentian Great Lakes, with only Cyclops scutifer Sars, 1863 and Cyclops strenuus Fischer, 1851 reported from the region. Rare reports of the species C. strenuus date back to 1972 within the Great Lakes basin. The first specimens reported as C. strenuus were collected from the St. Marys River, and additional specimens have been collected from western Lake Erie since 2013. We examined all available archived materials of C. strenuus from the Great Lakes and determined that specimens from the two localities belong to two separate species, neither of which refer to C. strenuus. Archived specimens collected from the St. Marys River in 1972 and 1995 were reidentified as Cyclops sibiricus Lindberg, 1949, a Holarctic species known from Siberia, Russian Federation, Alaska, USA, and northern regions of Canada. The occurrences of C. sibiricus from the St. Marys River extend the known distribution of the species southward some 1,688 km in the Nearctic region. Cyclops specimens collected from the western basin of Lake Erie in 2013, 2014, and 2019 were identified as the Palearctic species Cyclops divergens Lindberg, 1936 using both conventional taxonomy and genetic barcoding. C. divergens is known from localities across much of Europe and eastward into Central Asia. The occurrences of the species from western Lake Erie constitute the first detection of C. divergens in the Great Lakes and the Nearctic region. Therefore, we expect C. strenuus does not occur in the Great Lakes basin and is likely restricted to the Palearctic region.
Oxyurichthys omanensis sp. nov., a new Eyebrow Goby (Teleostei: Gobiidae) from Oman
Authors: ZAREI FATAH , JUFAILI SAUD M. AL , ESMAEILI HAMID REZA
Published: September 2022

Oxyurichthys omanensis sp. nov. is described as a new gobiid species from a mudflat/estuary habitat in northern Oman. The new species is diagnosed among all currently recognised congeners by the following combination of character states: elongate tentacle on dorsoposterior surface of the eye; nape with well-developed membranous crest; nape scaled to above anterior half of opercle along sides with naked median along membranous crest, scales never reaching to above preopercle; opercle and pectoral base naked; scales ctenoid laterally on trunk posterior to base of second dorsal fin 3rd element; lateral scale rows 51–58, usually 51–56; transverse forward scale rows 23–29, usually 24–28; transverse rearward scale rows 14–16, usually 14–15; upper lip usually constricted at premaxillary symphysis; infraorbital transverse papillae row 2 reaching eye margin dorsally and markedly short of longitudinal row d ventrally; additional short transverse papillae rows between rows 2 and 3i present; dark saddle present over caudal peduncle; snout length 34.9–45.4% HL; second dorsal-fin longest ray 1.1–1.6 head depth; pelvic fin always reaching or passing anal-fin origin. The K2P genetic distances (%) in the mtDNA COI barcode region between O. omanensis and the other Oxyurichthys species were all high (11.2–30.6%) with the K2P nearest neighbor distance of 11.2% to O. cornutus and O. ophthalmonema.
Description d’un projet pilote d’ergothérapie pédiatrique en milieux de garde et communautaires
Authors: Beaudoin Audrée Jeanne , Gagnon Marilyn , Ouellette Julie , Foley Véronique , Couture Mélanie , Camden Chantal
Published: September 2022

Description. Les interventions ergothérapiques en promotion et prévention de la santé et du bien-être des enfants visent à réduire les inégalités de santé et favoriser les facteurs de protection. But. Cette étude vise à décrire un projet pilote de service d’ergothérapie à base communautaire, pour les enfants d’âge préscolaire, en partenariat avec les organismes communautaires et les milieux de garde. Méthodologie. Une approche de recherche-action participative avec soutien d’un comité aviseur a été mis en place. Une ergothérapeute a offert des services d’ergothérapie communautaire selon un modèle d’organisation par paliers durant un an. Résultats. Les services étaient offerts selon trois paliers : 7 ateliers de sensibilisation pour parents et intervenants (palier 1), 57 visites et 27 consultations dans 8 organismes communautaires (palier 2) et 23 suivis individuels (palier 3). Conséquences. Il est possible d’implanter un service d’ergothérapie s”inspirant de la réadaptation à base communautaire avec les organismes communautaires offrant des services aux enfants de 5 et moins et les milieux de garde.
Bishop Charles Davis’ Management and Leadership Skills as Coadjutor to Archbishop John Bede Polding (1848–54)
Authors: Pender Graeme
Published: September 2022

Davis arrived in Sydney in December 1848 from Downside Abbey and immediately took up administrative duties at St Mary’s monastery attached to St Mary’s cathedral. Australia's first Catholic Archbishop, John Bede Polding osb, lacked business expertise and found it hindered his missionary work within the colony, causing him to depend on others to introduce planning policies, along with the general management of the Sydney Archdiocese. Davis was hand-picked by Polding to achieve this. During Polding’s lengthy missionary journeys, Davis showed guidance, compassion and understanding towards the monks at St Mary’s, especially given feelings of dissatisfaction were developing within the monastery during the late 1840s due to Gregory’s questionable leadership style. This article will explore the management and leadership skills of Bishop Charles Davis (1815–1854), during his role as coadjutor to Australia’s first Catholic Archbishop, John Bede Polding.
The Potential Relationship Between a Cognitive Dissonance State and Musculoskeletal Injury: A Systematic Review
Authors: Weston Eric B. , Hassett Afton L. , Khan Safdar N. , Weaver Tristan E. , Marras William S.
Published: September 2022

Objective

The objective of this systematic review was to investigate the potential link between cognitive dissonance or its related constructs (emotional dissonance, emotional labor) and musculoskeletal disorders.

Background

The etiology of musculoskeletal disorders is complex, as pain arises from complex interactions among physical, social, and psychological stressors. It is possible that the psychological factor of cognitive dissonance may contribute to the etiology and/or maintenance of musculoskeletal disorders.

Method

MEDLINE, APA PsycInfo, and CINAHL Plus databases were searched for studies investigating cognitive dissonance or its related constructs as exposure(s) of interest and outcomes related to physical health (including, but not limited to, musculoskeletal pain). Risk of bias was assessed using the Appraisal tool for Cross-Sectional Studies (AXIS) tool.

Results

The literature search yielded 7 studies eligible for inclusion. None of the included studies investigated cognitive dissonance directly but instead investigated dissonance-related constructs of emotional dissonance and emotional labor, in which a mismatch between required and felt emotions might elicit a psychological response consistent with the cognitive dissonance state. Moderate effect sizes between dissonance-related constructs and musculoskeletal disorders were noted (OR 1.25–2.22).

Conclusion

There is likely a relationship between the two factors studied. However, as the included studies were cross-sectional in nature, a causal relationship between cognitive dissonance-related constructs and musculoskeletal disorders cannot be inferred. Therefore, future study proposing and validating a causal pathway between these variables is warranted.

Application

Cognitive dissonance and its related constructs may serve as risk factors for musculoskeletal disorders that have not been considered previously.
A Safety Approach for Improving Security - Effective Coordination Strategies at the Airport Security Screening Checkpoint
Authors: Walter Stephanie , Schmutz Jan B. , Grote Gudela
Published: September 2022

Objective

This study aimed to analyze effective teamwork at security checkpoints by investigating how security crews communicate in different (routine and threat) situations.

Background

Working at an airport security screening checkpoint is challenging. Although tasks and processes are highly regulated and standardized due to legal requirements, security screeners must be trained to deal with unforeseen threat situations involving high levels of uncertainty. Therefore, security crews need to engage in flexible and adaptive coordination according to the situation and circumstances.

Method

We conducted a field study with 20 airport security screening crews comprising 100 security screeners. Teamwork in terms of interaction between crew members was measured, differentiating between proactive “push” communication and information on request representing “pull” communication. Furthermore, non-task related communication was assessed.

Results

While crews showed non-task related communication more in routine situations, both task-related “push” and “pull” communication occurred more in threat situations. In terms of team performance, we could show significant positive effects of proactive “push” communication and non-task related interaction in threat situations.

Conclusion

Our results underscore the specific setting of airport security screening and the challenges that arise for teamwork. This study investigates professional screeners and passengers in the field. In contrast to other high-risk areas, security crews are confronted with a third party that complicates coordination strategies considered effective in previous studies.

Application

Our findings recommend situation-specific communication strategies for practical training for airport security screening crews.
Weight Loss Mediated the Relationship between Tooth Loss and Mortality Risk
Authors: Kusama T. , Takeuchi K. , Kiuchi S. , Aida J. , Kondo K. , Osaka K.
Published: September 2022

Tooth loss is a risk factor for increased mortality; however, the underlying mechanism remains unclear. This study aimed to evaluate the mediating effect of weight change on the relationship between tooth loss and mortality risk. This was a 10-y follow-up prospective cohort study using the data from the Japan Gerontological Evaluation Study (JAGES). The participants were independent older adults aged ≥65 y at baseline and were followed up from 2010 to 2020. The incidence of death in 2013 and 2020, incidence of >5% weight loss/gain in 2010 and 2013, and the number of remaining teeth in 2010 were used as the outcome, mediator, and explanatory variables, respectively. We conducted causal mediation analysis by fitting the Cox proportional hazard model, including possible confounders. Hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) of the total effect (TE), natural indirect effect (NIE), and proportion mediated (PM) were estimated. Among the 34,510 participants, the mean age was 72.6 (SD = 5.4) y, and 47.6% were men. From 2013 to 2020, 14.0% of the participants ( n = 4,825) died, 60.5% ( n = 20,871) had 0 to 19 remaining teeth, and 17.2% ( n = 5,927) and 8.4% ( n = 2,907) experienced >5% weight loss and gain, respectively. The mortality rate was 0.016 per person-year among those with ≥20 remaining teeth and 0.027 per person-year among those with 0 to 19 remaining teeth. Weight loss of >5% significantly mediated the association between tooth loss and higher mortality risk (TE: HR, 1.28 [95% CI, 1.16 to 1.40]; NIE: HR, 1.03 [95% CI, 1.02 to 1.04]; PM, 13.1%); however, we observed a slight mediating effect for >5% weight gain (NIE: HR, 1.003 [95%CI, 1.0001 to 1.01]; PM, 1.3%). The present study suggests that a clinically meaningful level of weight loss mediated the association between tooth loss and increased risk of mortality among independent older adults.
Simulating invisible light: a model for exploring radiant cooling’s impact on the human body using ray tracing
Authors: Aviv Dorit , Hou Miaomiao , Teitelbaum Eric , Meggers Forrest
Published: September 2022

Radiant systems are an energy-efficient method for providing cooling to building occupants through active surfaces. To assess the impact of the radiant environment on occupants in space, we develop a ray-tracing simulation, which accounts for longwave radiation. Thermal radiation shares many characteristics with visible light, and thus is highly dependent on surface geometry. Much research effort has been dedicated to characterizing the behavior of visible light in the built environment and its impact on the human experience of space. However, longwave infrared radiation’s effect on the human perception of heat is still not well characterized or understood within the design community. In order to make the embodied effect of radiant surfaces’ geometry and configuration legible, we have developed a Mean Radiant Temperature (MRT) simulation method, which is based on a ray-tracing technique. It accounts for the detailed geometry of the human body and its surrounding environment. We use a case study of a pavilion built with an envelope consisting of active cooling panels in Singapore. Using measured data for the surrounding surface temperatures in the pavilion, we explore the impact of both the active panels and the surrounding passive elements and thermal environment on a person’s radiant heat exchange in different postures. The reflectivity and emissivity values of different surfaces are taken into account, and the ray-tracing process allows for multiple-bounce simulation. The model accounts for both longwave and shortwave radiation, and the simulation results are compared with field measurements for validation. The results are expressed both numerically and as spatial radiant-heat-maps. These show a variation of up to 11°C in MRT across the space studied. Furthermore, a digital manikin is used to assess the impact of the radiant cooling panels across the human body. The results show a 10°C variation in radiant temperature perceived by different regions of the body in one position. The findings reveal a significant heterogeneity of radiant heat transfer that current analysis methods typically overlook for both architectural space and the geometry of the human body.
Creating a safer space: Being safe and doing safety in queer and feminist punk scenes*
Authors: Lohman Kirsty
Published: September 2022

Debates around ‘safe spaces’ have often focused on the issue of free speech, ignoring their historical role in enabling cultural, political and social participation by people from otherwise marginalised groups. This article provides an everyday empirical examination of how safer spaces operate in practice. It draws on the example of queer and feminist punk scenes in the UK, contextualising their use of safer spaces policies within wider activist lineages. It argues that when used within communities of shared understanding, such policies can have a positive prefigurative impact, creating creative space for being ‘other’ and for doing cultural and political work. The article illustrates how these benefits can be limited when some marginalised identities are prioritised over others, showing how Crenshaw’s theorisation of intersectionality is operationalised in everyday practice by queer and feminist punks. It unpicks the complex relationship between notions of ‘safety’ and ‘comfort’, and shows how understanding this is imperative for implementing policies that purport to support marginalised groups’ cultural participation.
Intracapsular Enucleation of Cervical Sympathetic Chain Schwannoma
Authors: Li Wan-Xin , He Kai-Xuan , Dong Yan-Bo , Liu Liang-Fa , Lu Cheng
Published: September 2022

Objectives

Schwannoma arising from cervical sympathetic chain (CSC) is a rare clinical entity. CSC is hard to preserve in CSC schwannoma (CSCS) surgeries, resulting in Horner’s syndrome (HS) and first bite syndrome (FBS). This article aims to explore our experience in successful preservation of CSC in CSCS surgeries.

Methods

This is a retrospective review of CSCS cases treated at our tertiary medical institution between Apr 2018 and March 2022. Only cases with successful intraoperative preservation of CSC were included.

Results

In total, 3 cases were included. There were 2 male patients and 1 female patient. Their age was between 38 years old and 66 years old (average and median age was 52 and 51 years old, respectively). Presenting symptom was neck mass for all them, 2 of which were on the left side, while 1 was on the right. Intracapsular enucleation of the CSCS was attempted and achieved in all 3 cases. Hemorrhage from the inner surface of capsules was diffuse and heavy. Constant saline irrigation, suction, and bipolar coagulation were needed to achieve hemostasis. Postoperative HS presented between 4 hours and 14 hours after surgery for all 3 patients, which took 1 month to 3 months to recover, whereas FBS did not occur in any patient. Median duration of follow-up was 6 months. No recurrence was observed.

Conclusions

Intracapsular enucleation should be attempted in CSCS surgeries, although hemorrhage might be diffuse and hard to control. When intracapsular enucleation was achieved, postoperative FBS can be avoided, while postoperative HS could occur, but its recovery was satisfactory.
Hypothyroidism correlates with dyslipidemia and protein contents in patients with various metabolic disorders
Authors: Kiran Muniba , Ejaz Samina , Iqbal Muhamad Nouman , Malik Waqas Nazir , Zahoor Sana , Ejaz Syeda Abida
Published: September 2022

Objectives

The present study aimed to investigate the status of abnormalities in thyroid-related hormones, lipid profile parameters and total proteins in the sera of patients suffering from various metabolic disorders.

Methods

To analyze the study parameters, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays, Bradford assays and standard clinical kits and methods were applied. Data were analyzed through the appropriate statistical tests.

Results

In all subjects except those with hypotension, thyroid-stimulating hormone, total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein were elevated, whereas triiodothyronine levels were downregulated. Thyroxin was downregulated in subjects with diabetes and symptomatic thyroiditis but upregulated in patients with hypertension. High-density lipoprotein was upregulated in men who were diabetic only, and total protein was downregulated in those with hypotension only. Hypothyroidism in patients with diabetes, symptomatic thyroiditis and hypertension was correlated with dyslipidemia. In subjects with hypertension, it was correlated with total protein.

Conclusion

This study revealed a link between hypothyroidism, dyslipidemia and total protein in patients with various metabolic disorders.
Psalm 74 and social identity
Authors: Foth Kevin
Published: September 2022

The identity of the enemies in psalms has been a perennial focus in scholarship. The pervasive language and shifting perspectives of psalms has led to a variety of proposals, though only a handful of scholars have focused on the positive function of the role of enemies for the development of identity. The language of enmity and function of enemy images in Ps. 74 are explained by means of social identity theory, focusing on the way the description of the enemies emphasizes important aspects of Judean corporate identity in the aftermath of the destruction of the Temple in 586 BCE.
Geodiversity inclusiveness in biodiversity assessment
Authors: Crisp Jake RA , Ellison Joanna C , Fischer Andrew , Tan Jia SD
Published: September 2022

Biodiversity assessment is constitutive in establishing conservation priorities and outcomes, and geodiversity complements species richness as a surrogate in the absence of species data, improves statistical modelling and can facilitate prediction of species distribution and abundance. Yet, geodiversity is frequently excluded, and biodiversity prioritised in conservation endeavours such as ecosystem-based management. Therefore, combined geodiversity and biodiversity assessment approaches present practical benefits to conservation such as improved collaboration between biologists and geoscientists, efficacious indicators of conservation value, and abatement of biodiversity partialities and wider inclusion of geodiversity in conservation literature. This study scientometrically analysed 240 biodiversity assessment publications to investigate geodiversity inclusiveness, methodological trends, geographic trends, environment-type trends and future directions in biodiversity assessment methods. Results showed these species richness articles frequently included geodiversity-relevant terms such as hydrological, soil, geological and geomorphological components, but the all-encompassing ‘geodiversity’ term was absent entirely. Geographic trends showed many potential economic, social, cultural and political factors influencing geodiversity inclusiveness in biodiversity assessment. For example, Australia’s relatively resource exploitative approach to geology and early involvement in the inception of the geodiversity concept could explain the high frequency of geological-related terms in Australian biodiversity assessments. Methodological trends showed dominance by field-based biodiversity assessments such as trapping methods, followed transects, quadrats, net methods and observations. Given the specific sample size of literature analysed, inferences from this study relate only to biodiversity assessment methods and not biodiversity discourse in its entirety. Subsequent research could investigate specific factors, such as social, economic or political, and their influence on geodiversity inclusiveness in biodiversity assessment methods.
The Effect of Heuristic Cues on Jurors’ Systematic Information Processing in Rape Trials
Authors: Nitschke Faye T. , McKimmie Blake M. , Vanman Eric J.
Published: September 2022

There is concern that jurors’ decisions in rape trials might be influenced by misleading cues (e.g., victim stereotypes) potentially explaining disproportionately low conviction rates. We investigated the bias hypothesis from the heuristic–systematic model as an explanation for how jurors may be influenced by misleading stereotypes even while they are effortfully processing rape trial evidence. We expected that when case evidence was ambiguous, stereotypes would guide motivated participants’ effortful information processing, but not when case evidence was strong. Mock jurors ( N = 901) were asked to make decisions about a rape trial with either ambiguous or strong evidence in which the complainant was either stereotypically distressed or unemotional giving evidence. Participants were either placed under high motivation conditions to encourage effortful information processing or in a control condition with low motivation instructions to encourage less effortful processing as a comparison. Participants’ information processing and case decisions were measured as key dependent variables. We found partial support for the hypothesized interaction and the bias hypothesis, suggesting that the types of evidence participants attended to in decision-making were influenced by misleading stereotypical cues. Our findings have implications for interventions to reduce the effect of misleading stereotypes on decisions in rape trials. Additional online materials for this article are available on PWQ's website at http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/suppl/10.1177/03616843221118018 .
Synthesis and reproductive toxicity of bisphenol A analogs with cyclic side chains in Caenorhabditis elegans
Authors: Roberts Andrew H , Bowen John E , Zhou Xinrui , Burke Isabella , Wenaas Maxwell H , Blake Timothy A , Timmons Shannon C , Kuzmanov Aleksandra
Published: September 2022

Accumulating evidence has shown that bisphenol A (BPA) affects not only the growth and development of reproductive tissues but also disrupts meiosis. Meiotic disturbances lead to the formation of aneuploid gametes, resulting in the inability to conceive, pregnancy loss, and developmental disabilities in offspring. In recent years, increasing health concerns led manufacturers to seek BPA alternatives. In response, BPA analogs have been prepared and investigated in a variety of toxicity-related studies. Despite hopes that these analogs would prove less harmful than BPA, published data show that these alternatives continue to pose a significant risk to human health. In this study, we synthesized two less investigated BPA analogs with cyclic side chains, bisphenol Y (BPY) and bisphenol Z (BPZ), and evaluated their reprotoxic potential using Caenorhabditis elegans. C. elegans were cultured on nematode growth medium plates containing a 1 mM concentration of the dimethyl sulfoxide-dissolved bisphenols. The uptake of the chemicals was via two major routes: ingestion and cuticle diffusion. Following exposure, we evaluated fertilized egg count, germline apoptosis, and embryonic lethality—three parameters previously shown to reliably predict the reprotoxic potential of bisphenols in mammals. Our results indicated that both BPY and BPZ had a significant impact on fertility, resulting in increased germline apoptosis and a reduced number of progeny, without affecting the embryonic viability. After comparison with commercially relevant BPA and bisphenol S, our findings imply that BPA analogs with cyclic side chains, BPY and BPZ, adversely affect meiotic fidelity, resulting in diminished reproductive capacity.
Circadian Control of Glial Cell Homeodynamics
Authors: Rojo Daniela , Badner Anna , Gibson Erin M.
Published: September 2022

The molecular mechanisms that maintain circadian rhythms in mammalian as well as non-mammalian systems are well documented in neuronal populations but comparatively understudied in glia. Glia are highly dynamic in form and function, and the circadian clock provides broad dynamic ranges for the maintenance of this homeostasis, thus glia are key to understanding the role of circadian biology in brain function. Here, we highlight the implications of the molecular circadian clock on the homeodynamic nature of glia, underscoring the current gap in understanding the role of the circadian system in oligodendroglia lineage cells and subsequent myelination. Through this perspective, we will focus on the intersection of circadian and glial biology and how it interfaces with global circadian rhythm maintenance associated with normative and aberrant brain function.
Female Authorship Trends Among Articles About Artificial Intelligence in North American Radiology Journals
Authors: Yan Tyler D. , Yuan Po Hsiang (Shawn) , Saha Tania , Lebel Kiana , Spalluto Lucy , Yong-Hing Charlotte J.
Published: September 2022

Purpose: To examine trends in female authorship of peer-reviewed North American radiology articles centred around artificial intelligence (AI). Method: A bibliographic search was conducted for all AI-related articles published in four North American radiology journals. Collected data included the genders of the first and last (senior) authors, year and country. We compared the trends of female authorship using Pearson chi-square, Fisher exact tests and logistic regression models. Results: 453 articles met the inclusion criteria. Among these, 107 (22.3%) had a female first author and 97 (27.3%) had a female senior author. Female first authors were over three times more likely to publish with a female senior author. Among the four journals, the CARJ had the highest proportion of female senior authors at 45.5%. The only significant temporal trend identified was an increase over the years in female senior authors in Radiology. Twenty-four countries contributed to the included articles, with the largest contributors being the United States (n = 290) and Canada (n = 30). Of the countries contributing more than 15 articles, there were none with above 50% female authorship. Conclusions: Female authors are underrepresented in AI-related radiology literature. However, there has been an encouraging recent increase in female authorship in AI-related radiology articles trending towards significance. There is a great opportunity to improve female representation in AI with intentional mentorship and recruitment. We urge more platforms for female voices in radiology as AI becomes increasingly integrated into the radiology community.
Engineering Learning Experiences: A Scale Adaptation and Validation into Turkish
Authors: Gerçek Merve , Elmas-Atay Sevgi , Yılmaz Dilek
Published: September 2022

Undergraduate students' learning experiences are thought to have a significant impact on their future career choices. The Engineering Learning Experience Scale (ELES) was created within the framework of Social Cognitive Career Theory to accurately evaluate learning experiences arising from direct or indirect learning activities in or out of school. The purpose of this research is to adapt and validate the ELES in Turkish. The scale was given to two groups of engineering students from a large public university in Turkey. In order to provide evidence of the reliability and validity of the scale, exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses were employed to analyze the psychometric properties of the instrument. According to the confirmatory factor analyses, the correlated four-factor model suited the data well. This study strengthens the standing of the ELES as a useful measurement tool in the field of engineering.
Association Among Parent–Teacher Relationship, Autonomy Support, and Career Development of High School Students Across School Types
Authors: Xu Rui , Deng Linyuan , Fang Xiaoyi , Jia Jichao , Tong Wei , Zhou Hanfang , Guo Ying , Zhou Hui
Published: September 2022

The parent–teacher system is influential in promoting students’ career development. Guided by the systems theory framework of career development and spillover theory, this study examined the direct association between parent–teacher relationships and high school students’ career development. Furthermore, it analyzed the indirect effect of parent–teacher relationship on career development through parents’ and teachers’ support for students’ autonomy and the moderating role of the type of school. Data analyses were conducted on 1,452 students (46.5% males) in Grade 10 (aged approximately 15–16 years) from an academically oriented high school (53.0%) and a vocational high school (47.0%) in Beijing. The students completed questionnaires on the parent–teacher relationship, parent autonomy support, teacher autonomy support, and career development. The results indicated that the parent–teacher relationship predicted career development directly as well as indirectly through parent autonomy support. Moreover, there was no difference in the results of the structural equation model analysis among students in academically oriented and vocational high schools. Last, further implications and limitations are discussed.
To Give or Not to Give? The Influence of Board Giving on Nonprofit External Donations
Authors: Hung ChiaKo
Published: September 2022

Many nonprofits encourage or require their boards to give, using board giving as a signal of governance commitment to boost external donations. However, nonprofit boards are uncertain about whether their giving really is necessary and effective for improving external fundraising. This exploratory study uses a longitudinal sample and draws on signaling theory and the crowding-in hypothesis to predict whether, and under what conditions, board giving leads to external donations for arts-related nonprofits. The results indicate a positive relationship between board giving and nonprofit external donations. Moreover, the results show that the positive effect of board giving is more pronounced in commercial nonprofits and that corporate donors react to board giving more positively than foundation and individual donors. These results suggest that the use of board giving as a fundraising strategy would be the most effective when commercial, arts-related nonprofits ask corporate donors for donations.
Lane change maneuver detection considering real-time vehicle dynamic features via V2X communication
Authors: Song Chenyu , Zhou Momiao , Ding Zhizhong , Liu Zhengqiong , Cheng Han , Geng Mingxi , Xu Wanli
Published: September 2022

More than 90% of traffic accidents are caused by driver behavior, with lane change behavior being a major contributor. Recently, driving assistance systems are being introduced on vehicles to reduce traffic accidents, and a reliable vehicle lane change collision detection system is a key component of these systems. Besides, the foundation of the vehicle lane change detection system is the effective vehicle lane change detection model. In this paper, based on the support vector machine, we propose a model for detecting driver lane change maneuvers and take into account the real-time vehicle dynamic features transmitted via Vehicle to X (V2X) Communication. The accuracy is ideal for lane keep and lane change situations, and it is also robust for zigzag driving situations, according to tests conducted using the NGSIM real traffic dataset. The detection accuracy for left and right lane change maneuvers is 97.5% and 99.09%, respectively, while the false alarm rate is 8.56%. Additionally, the average advance detection time is 1.7 s, which is suitable for actual driving application scenarios.
Innovative design of modular pantograph tensegrity deployable cylindrical reflectors
Authors: Zhang Shuxin , Ye Jing , Zhang Shunji , Du Jingli
Published: September 2022

To solve the problems of high areal density and low packaging ratio in available deployable cylindrical reflector antennas, an innovative design concept named the modular pantograph tensegrity deployable cylindrical reflector is proposed. The innovative design mainly consists of a pantograph tensegrity deployable truss, flexible cable nets, and reflective wire mesh surface. Based on the modular design concept, the pantograph tensegrity deployable truss can realize synchronous deployment in both parabolic and cylindrical directions. Compared with two typical deployable cylindrical reflectors, the proposed design has the advantages of lower areal density and higher packaging ratio. Simulations of performance analysis demonstrate the benefits of the innovative design.
Linear quadratic regulator based on extended state observer–based active disturbance rejection control of autonomous vehicle path following control
Authors: Kang Nan , Han Yi , Wang Biyao , Guan Tian , Feng Wenhan
Published: September 2022

This article studies the control problem of autonomous vehicle path following with coordination of active front steering and differential steering. A hierarchical control scheme including upper layer and lower layer is proposed. In the upper layer controller, a linear quadratic regulator based on extended state observer is proposed to generate the front-wheel steering angle and external yaw moment, where extended state observer is used to estimate and compensate for the system uncertainty and external disturbance which enhances the capability of the vehicle to suppress the disturbance. A brake force distribution scheme based on the theory of control allocation is proposed in the lower layer controller to optimize and coordinate each wheel brake force to achieve differential steering. Finally, the effectiveness of proposed control scheme is verified in a co-simulation platform based on CarSim/Simulink; it can be concluded that the linear quadratic regulator based on extended state observer scheme not only has a few parameters need to be tuned, but also has the capability of active disturbance rejection.
Non-overshoot tracking control for positive continuous-time linear systems
Authors: Chen Jiahao , Yang Yuxin , Du Baozhu
Published: September 2022

This article focuses on state and output tracking control for positive continuous-time linear systems without overshoot. Linear state feedback controllers are designed respectively to ensure both the system state, and output can unilateral track the reference state and output. In addition, using Lyapunov direct method, the exponential convergence rate of tracking system is calculated. A numerical example is given to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Distributionally robust model predictive control for collision avoidance in the presence of stochastic obstacles
Authors: HomChaudhuri Baisravan
Published: September 2022

This article focuses on distributionally robust controller design for safe navigation in the presence of dynamic and stochastic obstacles, where the true probability distributions associated with the disturbances are unknown. Although the true probability distributions are considered to be unknown, they are considered to belong to a set of probability distributions known as the ambiguity set. This ambiguity set includes all the probability distributions that share the same first two moments. In this article, the safe navigation problem has been defined by an optimal control problem with probabilistic collision avoidance constraint. To ensure satisfaction of this probabilistic constraint in the presence of disturbances whose true probability distributions are known, this constraint has been enforced in a distributionally robust sense. A computationally tractable control approach has been presented in this article that exploits techniques from robust optimization methods. Simulation results show the effectiveness of the proposed method.
On conscientious objection to abortion: Questioning mandatory referral as compromise in the international human rights framework
Authors: Tongue Zoe L
Published: September 2022

This article explores the approach of international human rights bodies to conscientious objection to abortion, by requiring states to implement mandatory referral mechanisms where conscientious objection is permitted. This, however, represents an inadequate compromise position as many objecting healthcare professionals also object to referral and circumvent those requirements. Furthermore, referral cannot address the broader issues with the overuse and misuse of conscientious objection provisions which obstructs access to abortion services. After considering the harms caused by conscientious objection and suggestions for alternative regulatory responses, this article proposes that the international human rights framework should aim to strike a contextual balance between freedom of conscience and ensuring access to abortion. This new approach should place clearer obligations on states to properly regulate conscientious objection, including obligations to address socio-cultural stereotypes around motherhood and the foetus, which result in widespread conscientious objection.
Transitional Climatic Risk Assessment of Indian Firms Listed in BSE 100
Authors: Maria Evelyn Jucunda M.  , Vijay Maria
Published: September 2022

The global economies are battling the global climatic change, and so is India. By signing the Paris Agreement in 2015, India is one among the 196 countries trying to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and reach the desired climatic temperature of 2°C above pre-industrial levels. During this global transition, the role of the financial sector is crucial and cannot be undermined. The purpose of this study is (a) to analyse the sustainable finance practices in India, (b) to analyse the physical climatic risk exposure that India is into, (c) to analyse the transitional climatic risk exposures faced by Indian firms, (d) to analyse the policy initiatives by Indian government and global reporting standards on sustainability and, finally, (e) to perform a climate scenario analysis using the Paris Agreement Climate Transition Assessment (PACTA) model to materialize the transitional climatic risks faced by Indian firms in BSE 100. The study uses an inductive approach for its analysis. The study addresses few issues related to sustainable finance practices in India and questions the credibility of the sustainable reporting practices. The findings of this study evidently proves that Indian firms are not prepared to align themselves with climate-oriented investment plans for the future and insists for strong mandatory climate-relevant disclosure standards in India.
Predictors of Reuse and Donation Intentions of Leftover Food items: an Empirical Analysis
Authors: Zaidi Neha , Maurya Mohit , Dixit Sweta , Dharwal Mridul
Published: September 2022

The recent estimates points that around 30% of food gets wasted globally along the food supply chain, household food wastage accounting to nearly half of it. With the unprecedented growth in population, it is expected that by 2050 there will be a 70% increase in the demand for food (FAO, 2017). Therefore, there is a need to understand factors that may reduce the food wastage among households. The data was gathered from 260 Indian female respondents aged between 18 and 65 years who were responsible for their household chores. Structural equation modelling was applied for the analysis. Findings showed that religiosity significantly affects both moral norms and concern for community. Moral norms, subjective norms, concern of community are significant predictors of attitude towards reduction of food wastage whereas attitude towards reduction of food wastage leads to its reuse and donation. However, environmental literacy does not have any significant impact on attitude towards reduction of food wastage.
Do Goods and Services Tax Influence the Economic Development? An Empirical Analysis for India
Authors: Singhal Nikita , Goyal Shikha , Sharma Divya , Kumar Sapna , Nagar Shweta
Published: September 2022

The Goods and Services Tax (GST) is implemented to ensure India’s balanced economic development by simplifying the country’s cumbersome indirect tax system, allowing commodities to move freely across state and national borders, cutting tax evasion and ramping up the taxpayers’ base, improving compliance with taxation rules, increasing government revenues and attracting investors by making it easier to do business in India. The purpose of our study is to determine if GST is achieving the objectives for which it was conceived. The panel regression estimations were used on data obtained from 31 states and union territories of India from 2017 to 2021, and the outcome shows that GST has a considerable positive effect on India’s economic development. The study suggests that authorities should review and change GST taxing regulations regularly.
Do Trade Openness and Output Gap Affect Inflation? Empirical Evidence from BRICS Nations
Authors: Chhabra Megha , Giri Arun Kumar , Kumar Arya
Published: September 2022

The recent economic disturbances such as the outbreak of coronavirus, the Russia–Ukraine war, and disrupted supply chains, have resulted in high inflationary shocks that are difficult to combat. The most vulnerable to these global shocks are developing countries where trade is a crucial factor in economic growth. In this context, the study aims to investigate the impact of trade openness and output gap on inflation in BRICS countries from 1999Q1 to 2018Q4. Owing to growing economic integration and rising cross-sectional dependence, the study employs Dynamic Common Correlated Effect (DCCE) model to examine the long-run relationship between the variables. In addition, the study employs Dumitrescu and Hurlin (2012) to investigate the causal relationship between variables. The findings suggest that a more open trade policy helps to reduce rising domestic inflation. The price lowering impact of export openness outperforms the inflationary impact of imports, resulting in flattened Phillips curve. Moreover, the results indicate that the underpowered effect of the domestic output gap is not sufficient to counteract the unfavourable impact of the foreign output gap on inflation in BRICS. As a result, the study advocates providing subsidies and tax breaks to help export-oriented businesses thrive while keeping the global factors in check.
Determining Holistic Factors Related to Depressive Symptoms in Patients With Heart Failure
Authors: Zhao Qiuge , Mei Jiaojiao , Zhang Xiuting , Dong Xiaoyu , Zhang Yilin , Fan Xiuzhen
Published: September 2022

Identifying modifiable factors associated with depressive symptoms is important to develop corresponding strategies. This study aimed to determine the holistic factors related to depressive symptoms in heart failure (HF) patients. It was a secondary analysis of a cross-sectional study. We recruited 329 hospitalized HF patients from two hospitals in China. It is found that HF patients had a relatively high proportion (28.27%) of depressive symptoms. Red blood cell distribution width (RDW) (β = .222, p = .011) and physical symptoms (β = .151, p < .001) were positively associated with depressive symptoms, whereas resilience (β = −.241, p < .01) and family functioning (β = −.288, p = .001) were negatively associated with depressive symptoms. Thus, early screening and management of depressive symptoms are warranted. RDW may serve as a marker for screening depressive symptoms. Moreover, interventions focused on relieving physical symptoms and enhancing resilience and family functioning may reduce depressive symptoms.
Revolution, State Building, and the Great Famine in China
Authors: Liu Mingxing , Shih Victor , Zhang Dong
Published: September 2022

In a strong authoritarian state, what mechanisms hold political elites accountable and contain the state’s predatory tendencies? We examine China’s Great Famine of 1958–1961 to understand the variation of predatory behaviors across Chinese provinces. By exploring the Chinese Communist Revolution history and probing into over four hundred biographies of political elites in the newly founded communist state, we first document the revolutionary legacies on state building particularly political power configurations at the provincial level. We then employ a generalized difference-in-differences design and find that local representation—the extent to which local cadres were represented in the provincial authorities—enhanced provincial leaders’ accountability to the general public and thus was associated with lower mortality rates, whereas central connections—the political ties between provincial leaders and powerful political elites in the central state—reinforced the accountability to higher-level political leaders and were associated with higher mortality rates.