bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Study of a Piezoelectric Energy Harvesting Collaborative Strategy Based on the Synergy of Multifrequency Technique and Magnetic Nonlinear Technique
Authors: Wen Jianming , Wei Nan , Ding Yaru , Li Xinhui , Li Jianping , Ma Jijie , Zhang Zhonghua , Cheng Guangming , Hu Yili
Published: October 2023

For the purpose of improving the operating bandwidth and output power of piezoelectric vibration energy harvesters (PVEHs) in low‐frequency environment, a novel energy harvesting collaborative strategy based on the synergy of multifrequency technique and magnetic nonlinear technique is proposed. In order to reveal the working mechanism of the proposed strategy and determine the influence law of the key parameters on the output performances of system, theoretical modeling, simulation analysis, and experiments have been carried out. This study proves the feasibility of the two techniques cooperating and complementing each other on the mechanism level, and optimizes the ability of the inner and outer beams to capture energy under the action of the pair of magnets on the structural level. After the optimization of key parameters, the output performance of the proposed PVEH utilizing multifrequency and magnetic structure is higher than the counterpart only based on multifrequency cantilever structure. In an optimal configuration, the fabricated prototype can finally obtain a maximum power of 2.68 mW and a bandwidth of 1.39 Hz under 0.2 g acceleration with 0.03 MΩ load resistance. The proposed piezoelectric energy harvesting collaborative strategy can improve the output performance of piezoelectric vibration energy in practical vibration application environments.
A quality improvement approach to integrating social determinants of health objectives into pediatric simulation
Authors: Feick Megan , Iqbal Ammarah U. , Boolchandani Henna , Kandil Sarah , Johnston Lindsay , Soma Gauthami , Cordone Alexis , Auerbach Marc , Tiyyagura Gunjan
Published: October 2023

Background

Health disparities and the unequal distribution of social resources impact health outcomes. By considering social determinants of health (SDH), clinicians can provide holistic and equitable care. However, barriers such as lack of time or understanding of the relevance of SDH to patient care prevent providers from addressing SDH. Simulation curricula may improve learners’ ability to address SDH in practice.

Objectives

The primary objective was to increase the percentage of pediatric emergency simulations that included SDH objectives from 5% to 50% in 12 months at one institution. As a balancing metric, we examined whether trainees approved the incorporation of SDH objectives.

Methods

Using the Model for Improvement approach, we conducted interviews of residents and simulation facilitators to identify challenges to integrating SDH objectives into the simulation curriculum. Review of interviews and visual representation of the system helped identify key drivers in the process. A team of simulation leaders, residents, and fellows met regularly to develop simulation cases with embedded SDH objectives. Using a plan, do, study, act approach, we tested, refined, and implemented interventions including engaging residency program and SDH leadership, piloting cases, providing facilitators concise resources, inviting SDH‐specific experts to co‐debrief, and eliciting and incorporating learner and facilitator feedback to improve cases. SDH topics include homelessness, undocumented status, and racism.

Results

Prior to the start of the quality improvement work, SDH were rarely incorporated into emergency simulations for pediatric residents. A p‐chart was used to track the percentage of monthly cases that incorporated SDH topics. During the study period, the percentage of simulations including SDH topics increased to 57% per month. Most trainees (94%) welcomed incorporating SDH objectives.

Conclusions

Using the Model for Improvement, we incorporated SDH objectives into pediatric resident emergency simulations. Next steps include examining effectiveness of the curriculum, dissemination to additional learners, and examining sustainability in practice.
Bioacoustic monitoring to determine addiction levels of primates to the human sphere: A feasibility study on Japanese macaques
Authors: Enari Hiroto , Enari Haruka S.
Published: October 2023

Some nonhuman primate species, whose original habitats have been reclaimed by artificial activities, have acquired boldness toward humans which is evident based on the diminished frequency of escape behaviors. Eventually, such species have become regular users of human settlements, and are referred to as “urban primates.” Considering this, we developed a noninvasive technique based on bioacoustics to provide a transparent assessment of troop addiction levels in anthropogenic environments, which are determined by the dependence on agricultural crops and human living sphere for their diets and daily ranging, respectively. We attempted to quantify the addiction levels based on the boldness of troops when raiding settlements, characterized by a “landscape of fear” because of the presence of humans as predators. We hypothesized that the boldness of troops could be measured using two indices: the frequency of raiding events on settlements and the amount of time spent there. For hypothesis testing, we devised an efficient method to measure these two indices using sound cues (i.e., spontaneous calls) for tracing troop movements that are obtainable throughout the day from most primate species (e.g., contact calls). We conducted a feasibility study of this assessment procedure, targeting troops of Japanese macaques (Macaca fuscata). For this study, we collected 346 recording weeks of data using autonomous recorders from 24 troops with different addiction levels during the nonsnowy seasons. The results demonstrated that troops that reached the threshold level, at which radical interventions including mass culling of troop members is officially permitted, could be readily identified based on the following behavioral characteristics: troop members raiding settlements two or three times per week and mean time spent in settlements per raiding event exceeding 0.4 h. Thus, bioacoustic monitoring could become a valid option to ensure the objectivity of policy judgment in urban primate management.
Predicting sojourn times across dementia disease stages, institutionalization, and mortality
Authors: Tate Ashley E , Bouteloup Vincent , van Maurik Ingrid S. , Jean Delphine , Mank Arenda , Speh Andreja , Boilet Valerie , van Harten Argonde , Eriksdotter Maria , Wimo Anders , Dufouil Carole , van der Flier Wiesje M. , Jönsson Linus
Published: October 2023

INTRODUCTION

Inferring the timeline from mild cognitive impairment (MCI) to severe dementia is pivotal for patients, clinicians, and researchers. Literature is sparse and often contains few patients. We aim to determine the time spent in MCI, mild‐, moderate‐, severe dementia, and institutionalization until death.

METHODS

Multistate modeling with Cox regression was used to obtain the sojourn time. Covariates were age at baseline, sex, amyloid status, and Alzheimer's disease (AD) or other dementia diagnosis. The sample included a register (SveDem) and memory clinics (Amsterdam Dementia Cohort and Memento).

RESULTS

Using 80,543 patients, the sojourn time from clinically identified MCI to death across all patient groups ranged from 6.20 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 5.57–6.98) to 10.08 (8.94–12.18) years.

DISCUSSION

Generally, sojourn time was inversely associated with older age at baseline, males, and AD diagnosis. The results provide key estimates for researchers and clinicians to estimate prognosis.
Improving Early Recognition of Treatment‐Responsive Causes of Rapidly Progressive Dementia: The STAM3P Score
Authors: Satyadev Nihal , Tipton Philip W. , Martens Yuka , Dunham S. Richard , Geschwind Michael D. , Morris John C. , Brier Matthew R. , Graff‐Radford Neill R. , Day Gregory S.
Published: October 2023

Objective

To improve the timely recognition of patients with treatment‐responsive causes of rapidly progressive dementia (RPD).

Methods

A total of 226 adult patients with suspected RPD were enrolled in a prospective observational study and followed for up to 2 years. Diseases associated with RPD were characterized as potentially treatment‐responsive or non‐responsive, referencing clinical literature. Disease progression was measured using Clinical Dementia Rating® Sum‐of‐Box scores. Clinical and paraclinical features associated with treatment responsiveness were assessed using multivariable logistic regression. Findings informed the development of a clinical criterion optimized to recognize patients with potentially treatment‐responsive causes of RPD early in the diagnostic evaluation.

Results

A total of 155 patients met defined RPD criteria, of whom 86 patients (55.5%) had potentially treatment‐responsive causes. The median (range) age‐at‐symptom onset in patients with RPD was 68.9 years (range 22.0–90.7 years), with a similar number of men and women. Seizures, tumor (disease‐associated), magnetic resonance imaging suggestive of autoimmune encephalitis, mania, movement abnormalities, and pleocytosis (≥10 cells/mm3) in cerebrospinal fluid at presentation were independently associated with treatment‐responsive causes of RPD after controlling for age and sex. Those features at presentation, as well as age‐at‐symptom onset <50 years (ie, STAM3P), captured 82 of 86 (95.3%) cases of treatment‐responsive RPD. The presence of ≥3 STAM3P features had a positive predictive value of 100%.

Interpretation

Selected features at presentation reliably identified patients with potentially treatment‐responsive causes of RPD. Adaptation of the STAM3P screening score in clinical practice may minimize diagnostic delays and missed opportunities for treatment in patients with suspected RPD. ANN NEUROL 2024;95:237–248
Stereoselective Synthesis of Sialyl Lewisa Antigen and the Effective Anticancer Activity of Its Bacteriophage Qβ Conjugate as an Anticancer Vaccine
Authors: Rashidijahanabad Zahra , Ramadan Sherif , O'Brien Nicholas A. , Nakisa Athar , Lang Shuyao , Crawford Howard , Gildersleeve Jeffrey C. , Huang Xuefei
Published: October 2023

Sialyl Lewisa (sLea), also known as cancer antigen 19‐9 (CA19‐9), is a tumor‐associated carbohydrate antigen. The overexpression of sLea on the surface of a variety of cancer cells makes it an attractive target for anticancer immunotherapy. However, sLea‐based anticancer vaccines have been under‐explored. To develop a new vaccine, efficient stereoselective synthesis of sLea with an amine‐bearing linker was achieved, which was subsequently conjugated with a powerful carrier bacteriophage, Qβ. Mouse immunization with the Qβ‐sLea conjugate generated strong and long‐lasting anti‐sLea IgG antibody responses, which were superior to those induced by the corresponding conjugate of sLea with the benchmark carrier keyhole limpet hemocyanin. Antibodies elicited by Qβ‐sLea were highly selective toward the sLea structure, could bind strongly with sLea‐expressing cancer cells and human pancreatic cancer tissues, and kill tumor cells through complement‐mediated cytotoxicity. Furthermore, vaccination with Qβ‐sLea significantly reduced tumor development in a metastatic cancer model in mice, demonstrating tumor protection for the first time by a sLea‐based vaccine, thus highlighting the significant potential of sLea as a promising cancer antigen.
The Molecular Basis of Catalysis by SDR Family Members Ketoacyl‐ACP Reductase FabG and Enoyl‐ACP Reductase FabI in Type‐II Fatty Acid Biosynthesis
Authors: Zhou Jiashen , Zhang Lin , Wang Yiran , Song Wenyan , Huang Yuzhou , Mu Yajuan , Schmitz Werner , Zhang Shu‐Yu , Lin Houwen , Chen Hong‐Zhuan , Ye Fei , Zhang Liang
Published: October 2023

The short‐chain dehydrogenase/reductase (SDR) superfamily members acyl‐ACP reductases FabG and FabI are indispensable core enzymatic modules and catalytic orientation controllers in type‐II fatty acid biosynthesis. Herein, we report their distinct substrate allosteric recognition and enantioselective reduction mechanisms. FabG achieves allosteric regulation of ACP and NADPH through ACP binding across two adjacent FabG monomers, while FabI follows an irreversible compulsory order of substrate binding in that NADH binding must precede that of ACP on a discrete FabI monomer. Moreover, FabG and FabI utilize a backdoor residue Phe187 or a “rheostat” α8 helix for acyl chain length selection, and their corresponding triad residues Ser142 or Tyr145 recognize the keto‐ or enoyl‐acyl substrates, respectively, facilitating initiation of nucleophilic attack by NAD(P)H. The other two triad residues (Tyr and Lys) mediate subsequent proton transfer and (R)‐3‐hydroxyacyl‐ or saturated acyl‐ACP production.
Phyto‐synthesis of silver nanoparticles from Tephrosia purpurea and its in‐vitro biogenic actions
Authors: Shashidhara Vaishnavi , M. Srinivasappa Puneethkumar , H. Jadhav Arvind , Alwarsamy Madhavarani
Published: October 2023

Tephrosia purpurea silver nanoparticles (TP‐AgNPs) were synthesized with water‐based leaf extract of the plant T. purpurea. UV–Vis characterization had shown the maximum absorbance at 436 nm. The surface morphology was examined via electron microscopy (FE‐SEM) analysis (average size: ~100 nm, shape: spherical). The zeta potential (ZP) of TP‐AgNPs revealed values of −41.72 mV suggesting appropriate physical stability. Besides, an X‐ray crystallography (XRD) study had shown the crystalline size of 20 nm approximately having 2θ values of 32°, 38°, 44°, 64°, and 77° for the silver crystals. The energy dispersive (EDAX) study manifests the absorption peak at 2.983 keV for TP‐AgNPs. Infrared spectroscopy analysis (Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy) indicated the presence of alcoholic as well as aromatic groups in the extract that took part in the stability and silver reduction mechanisms. Biologically, TP‐AgNPs had shown prominent anti‐oxidant activities against 2,2‐diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl radicals (IC50 50 μg/mL) and H2O2 radicals (IC50 106 μg/mL). It had also inhibited the proliferation of breast cell lines (MCF 7) showing total growth inhibition (TGI) at 8.2 μg/mL with the LC50 of 44 μg/mL for TP‐AgNPs. Further, hemolysis analysis revealed that TP‐AgNPs are non‐toxic to human erythrocyte cells (RBCs) as they do not cause the breakdown of RBCs. Thus, TP‐AgNPs were found to be an effective agent to be studied further for chemotherapeutic mechanisms.
New fossil anhingids from the upper Acre River (Late Miocene of southwestern Amazon)
Authors: Guilherme Edson , D'Apolito Carlos , Muniz Fellipe , Lomba Silvia Oliveira , Aldrin Leonardo , Hsiou Annie Schmaltz
Published: October 2023

Four extant species of anhingids are found worldwide, all belonging to a single genus (Anhinga). However, the fossil record reveals a much greater diversity of this group in the past. The oldest known anhingids date back to the upper Oligocene period in Australia, but during the Miocene epoch in South America, they achieved their most remarkable diversity. This study describes newly discovered anhingid fossils from the Late Miocene period in South America. These fossils were extracted from the Acre conglomerate member, part of the Upper Miocene deposits in the southwestern Amazon region. The described fossils consist of two fragments of pelvic girdles, two femora, and two vertebrae belonging to a giant anhingid (Macranhinga sp.), as well as a vertebra from Anhinga minuta, the smallest of all darters. The examination of these fossils suggests the presence of potentially three distinct anhingid taxa within the same locality. The environment in which the conglomerate deposits were formed was ecologically complex. It is likely that these three species coexisted within the same ecosystem but avoided direct competition for food and reproductive sites by not fully exploiting their fundamental niche.
Walking on the gender tightrope: Unlocking ESG potential through CEOs' dynamic capabilities and strategic board composition
Authors: Heubeck Tim
Published: October 2023

This study explores the relationship between chief executive officers (CEOs) and the board of directors in the context of environmental, social, and governance (ESG) performance. Based on a multi‐theoretical approach, it examines whether dynamic CEO capabilities (DCCs) facilitate ESG performance by enabling capable CEOs to navigate complex stakeholder expectations effectively. Additionally, the impact of board gender diversity (BGD) on this relationship is tested, given its significance for ESG‐related decision‐making. Longitudinal analysis of S&P 900 manufacturing firms demonstrates that strong DCCs positively influence ESG performance, supporting dynamic managerial capabilities and upper echelons theories within the institutional and shareholder theory frameworks. The findings also corroborate that BGD has a moderating effect, initially strengthening the DCC–ESG relationship, in line with gender socialization and diversity theories. However, the study reveals a threshold effect, where ESG benefits from DCCs diminish once BGD reaches approximately 35%, providing a new perspective on critical mass theory.
Simple Synthesis of 1,2‐Dideoxy‐2‐Vinyl Carbohydrates by Tin‐Free Radical Reactions of Xanthates
Authors: Mai‐Linde Yasemin , Linker Torsten
Published: October 2023

Vinyl‐substituted carbohydrates have been synthesized from glycals derived from hexoses and pentoses. Key step is the radical reaction of xanthates in the presence of triethylborane, a non‐toxic reagent. The mechanism has been investigated by isolation of various side products, which speak for a reversibility of the cyclopropylmethyl radical ring‐opening. Compared to reactions with tributyltin hydride, higher regioselectivities in favor of the 2‐vinyl‐substituted sugars have been obtained. Yields are slightly lower with triethylborane, but all products have been isolated in analytically pure form. The new reaction is applicable to benzyl‐ and silyl‐protected carbohydrates, which makes free sugars accessible as well. Overall, more than 15 1,2‐dideoxy‐2‐vinyl carbohydrates have been synthesized from simple precursors in only few steps.
Azotriptycenes: Photoswitchable Molecular Brakes
Authors: Stockerl Willibald J. , Reißenweber Lilli , Gerwien Aaron , Bach Nicolai N. , Thumser Stefan , Mayer Peter , Gschwind Ruth M. , Dube Henry
Published: October 2023

The control of molecular motions is a central topic of molecular machine research. Molecular brakes are fundamental building blocks towards such goal as they allow deliberately decelerating specific motions after an outside stimulus is applied. Here we present azotriptycenes as structural framework for light‐controlled molecular brakes. The intrinsic kinetics and their changes upon azotriptycene isomerization are scrutinized comprehensively by a mixed theoretical and variable temperature NMR approach. With azotriptycenes C−N bond rotation rates can be decelerated or accelerated reversibly by up to five orders of magnitude. Rate change effects are highly localized and are strongest for the C−N bond connecting a triptycene rotor fragment to the central diazo group. The detailed mechanistic insights provide a solid basis for further conscious design and applications in the future.
Current Status and Challenges for Metal‐Organic‐Framework‐Assisted Conversion of Biomass into Value‐Added Chemicals
Authors: Srivastava Varsha , Lappalainen Katja , Rusanen Annu , Morales Gabriel , Lassi Ulla
Published: October 2023

Owing to the abundance of availability, low cost, and environmental‐friendliness, biomass waste could serve as a prospective renewable source for value‐added chemicals. Nevertheless, biomass conversion into chemicals is quite challenging due to the heterogeneous nature of biomass waste. Biomass‐derived chemicals are appealing sustainable solutions that can reduce the dependency on existing petroleum‐based production. Metal‐organic frameworks (MOFs)‐based catalysts and their composite materials have attracted considerable amounts of interest in biomass conversion applications recently because of their interesting physical and chemical characteristics. Due to their tunability, the catalytic activity and selectivity of MOF‐based catalyst/composite materials can be tailored by functionalizing them with a variety of functional groups to enhance biomass conversion efficiency. This review focuses on the catalytic transformation of lignocellulosic biomass into value‐added chemicals by employing MOF‐based catalyst/composite materials. The main focus is given to the production of the platform chemicals HMF and Furfural from the corresponding (hemi)cellulosic biomass, due to their versatility as intermediates for the production of various biobased chemicals and fuels. The effects of different experimental parameters on the conversion of biomass by MOF‐based catalysts are also included. Finally, current challenges and perspectives of biomass conversion into chemicals by MOF‐based catalysts are highlighted.
ThinPrep liquid‐based cytologic diagnosis of hepatic entomophthoromycosis (basidiobolomycosis) with Splendore‐Hoeppli phenomenon
Authors: AbdullGaffar Badr , Keloth Tasnim , Al Marzouqi Omar
Published: October 2023

Zygomycotic fungal infections are increasingly recognized in immunocompetent and immunocompromised patients in nonendemic countries because of the increased global travels. One of the emerging fungal infections is Entomophthorales which cause deep visceral infections that clinically and radiologically mimic malignancies because they form invasive obstructing masses. A quick diagnosis is life‐saving. The current standard diagnosis relies on histopathologic examination and microbiology culture which are time consuming. Cytologic examination is a rapid reliable alternative diagnostic tool. There are a few reports of a primary cytologic diagnosis of zygomycotic and Aspergillus fungi of the lungs based on conventional smear and SurePath™ liquid‐based cytology. We report a case of an immunocompetent adult female who presented with a liver mass that was clinically and radiologically diagnosed as cholangiocarcinoma. Fine‐needle aspiration cytology revealed the cytopathologic features of basidiobolomycosis in ThinPrep® cytology. The ThinPrep® slide revealed broad thin‐walled widely branching septate hyphae with sporangiophores and zygospores. The background revealed bile‐stained granular necrotic debris intermixed with inflammatory cells, degenerate hepatocytes, and highly eosinophilic glassy crystal‐like structures suggestive of Splendore‐Hoeppli phenomenon. The cytologic diagnosis was hepatic entomophthoromycosis (basidiobolomycosis) with Splendore‐Hoeppli phenomenon. This was confirmed by subsequent tissue biopsy and microbiology culture. The detailed cytomorphologic features in the ThinPrep® slide allowed the correct cytologic diagnosis and proper classification of the filamentous fungi. The ThinPrep® cytology was superior to tissue biopsy because it was faster and revealed the characteristic pauciseptate fungal hyphae, sporangiophores and zygospores. Liquid‐based cytology is a valuable quick tool in the diagnosis of fungal mass‐forming lesions.
Urbanization is associated with non‐coding polymorphisms in candidate behavioural genes in the Eurasian coot
Authors: Chyb Amelia , Włodarczyk Radosław , Drzewińska‐Chańko Joanna , Jedlikowski Jan , Walden Kimberly K. O. , Minias Piotr
Published: October 2023

Extensive transformation of natural land cover into urbanized areas enhances accumulation of phenotypic differences between animals from urban and nonurban populations, but there is little information on whether these changes, especially in terms of animal behaviour and circadian rhythm, have a genetic basis. The aim of this study was to investigate genetic background of behavioural differences between four pairs of urban and nonurban populations of a common waterbird, the Eurasian coot Fulica atra. For this purpose, we quantified polymorphisms in personality‐related candidate genes, previously reported to be associated with avian circadian rhythms and behavioural traits that may be crucial for urban life. We found general associations between landscape urbanization level and polymorphisms in 3′UTR region of CREB1 gene encoding transcriptional factor, which participates in development of cognitive functions and regulation of circadian rhythm. We also found significant differentiation between urban and nonurban populations in the intronic region of CKIɛ gene responsible for regulation of circadian clock. Although we lacked evidence for linkage of this intronic variation with coding polymorphisms, genetic differentiation between urban populations was significantly stronger at CKIɛ intron compared with neutral microsatellite markers, suggesting possible local adaptations of CKIɛ expression regulation to specific urban sites. Our results indicate that behavioural differentiation between urban and nonurban coot populations may be the effect of habitat‐specific selective pressure resulting in genetic adaptations to urban environment and supporting the microevolutionary scenario. These adaptations, however, prevailed in non‐coding regulatory rather than coding gene regions and showed either general or local patterns, revealing high complexity of associations between behaviour and landscape urbanization in birds.
Experimental comparison of solar air heater based on single and double‐ends open evacuated tube collector
Authors: Tiwari Abhishek , Kumar Amit
Published: October 2023

The hot air has a lot of applications like drying, space heating, desiccant air conditioning and desalination, which attracts the attention of researchers towards the system used for producing the hot air. In the present work, two different solar air heaters that is, double‐ends open evacuated tube based solar air heater (system 1) and single‐end open evacuated tube based solar air heater (system 2) are proposed and compared experimentally. The aperture area of each system is 4.687 m2 and operated under same weather conditions. The experiments are performed at three different mass flow rates of the process air that is, 153.21, 207.94, and 246.24 kg/h. The highest mean air temperature difference is 62.91 and 48.8°C for system 1 and system 2 respectively at mass flow rate of 153.21 kg/h. The highest mean energy and exergy efficiency obtained by the system 1 and system 2 are 81.55%, 6.80%, and 65.45% and 4.25% respectively. The present work is also compared with the work presented in literature and it is observed that double‐end open evacuated tube collector has significantly high energy and exergy efficiency with higher hot air temperature.
Forecasting VaR and ES in emerging markets: The role of time‐varying higher moments
Authors: Le Trung H.
Published: October 2023

This paper aims at the role of accounting for time‐varying higher moments in conditional volatility models in emerging markets. In particular, we perform a comprehensive analysis of out‐of‐sample value at risk (VaR) and expected shortfall (ES) forecasts of eight generalized autoregressive conditional heteroskedasticity (GARCH) models with alternative distributions for 10 leading emerging markets. To evaluate the forecast accuracy, we employ a battery of absolute performance backtests and two alternative loss functions in the relative performance exercises. We find that the asymmetric GARCH models with time‐varying skewness and kurtosis significantly outperform traditional GARCH‐based forecasts across quantiles across quantile levels. In particular, we explore that the superior performance of the GARCH models with improved distributions is mainly driven by their performance during crisis periods, where the traditional GARCH specifications often underestimate the tail risk in the markets.
A case of robot‐assisted laparoscopic partial nephrectomy during pregnancy
Authors: Tsutsui Kenji , Miki Airi , Wakita Teppei , Horibe Yuki , Tani Masaru , Kakuta Yoichi , Tsutahara Koichi , Takao Tetsuya
Published: October 2023

Introduction

Malignancy during pregnancy requires consideration of both the mother and fetus. We report a patient with renal cell carcinoma during pregnancy who was treated with robot‐assisted partial nephrectomy.

Case presentation

The patient was incidentally found to have a renal mass on abdominal ultrasonography. Definitive diagnosis of cT1aN0M0 RCC was made by enhanced computed tomography. Subsequently, pregnancy was discovered. RAPN was performed without complications. Pathologic examination revealed clear cell RCC. There were no postoperative complications, and the baby was born safely.

Conclusion

RAPN can be safe and effective even during pregnancy. Every pregnant patient requires individualized treatment involving the timing of surgery, the procedure used, and management based on the condition of the mother and fetus, tumor stage, and the experience of the surgical team.
Preparation of astaxanthin‐loaded composite micelles with coaxial electrospray technology for enhanced oral bioavailability and improved antioxidation capability
Authors: Liao Youwu , Wang Haiqiao , Li Shuang , Xue Yuanyuan , Chen Yunqiu , Adu‐Frimpong Michael , Xu Ying , Yu Jiangnan , Xu Ximing , Smyth Hugh D.C. , Zhu Yuan
Published: October 2023

BACKGROUND

Astaxanthin (AST) is approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) as a safe dietary supplement for humans. As a potent lipid‐soluble keto‐carotenoid, it is widely used in food, cosmetics, and the pharmaceutical industry. However, its low solubility limits its powerful biological activity and its application in these fields. This study aims to develop a delivery system to address the low solubility and bioavailability of AST and to enhance its antioxidant capacity.

RESULTS

Astaxanthin‐loaded composite micelles were successfully prepared via coaxial electrospray technology. Astaxanthin existed in the amorphous state in the electro‐sprayed formulation with an approximate particle size of 186.28 nm and with a polydispersity index of 0.243. In this delivery system, Soluplus and copovidone (PVPVA 64) were the main polymeric matrix for AST, which then released the drug upon contact with aqueous media, resulting in an overall increase in drug solubility and a release rate of 94.08%. Meanwhile, lecithin, and Polyethylene glycol‐grafted Chitosan (PEG‐g‐CS) could support the absorption of AST in the gastrointestinal tract, assisting transmembrane transport. The relative bioavailability reached about 308.33% and the reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging efficiency of the formulation was 44.10%, which was 1.57 times higher than that of free astaxanthin (28.10%) when both were at the same concentration level based on astaxanthin.

CONCLUSION

Coaxial electrospray could be applied to prepare a composite micelles system for the delivery of poorly water‐soluble active ingredients in functional food, cosmetics, and medicine. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
Curing Behavior of Reprocessable Epoxy Vitrimers: Thermal Analysis and Kinetics Modeling
Authors: Brondi Cosimo , Marotta Angela , Filippone Giovanni , Mensitieri Giuseppe , Salzano de Luna Martina , Ambrogi Veronica
Published: October 2023

Vitrimers are a class of polymers that combine the chemical and mechanical properties of traditional thermosets with the reshaping and reprocessing features of thermoplastics. Their reshaping ability is given by the presence of reversible bonds within their structure. While the nature of bonds that can ensure a dynamic behavior to the crosslinked network is well established, the challenge remains open to assess and control the reactivity of the system to rationally develop materials with desirable features in terms of processability and recyclability. In this work, a “free‐model” analysis of the curing reaction of an epoxy/anhydride resin in presence of zinc acetylacetonate as catalyst for both the curing reaction and transesterification is performed. Isothermal and non‐isothermal tests are conducted, and the data obtained are analyzed by means of isoconversional methods. The goal is to get an in‐depth insight into the reaction mechanism and the structure deriving from the crosslinked network formation, which can ultimately determine the material properties and eventually its actual reprocessability.
Optimal temporal decay rate of the non‐isentropic compressible Navier–Stokes–Poisson system
Authors: Fu Shengbin , Wang Weiwei
Published: October 2023

In this paper, we focus on Cauchy problem of the non‐isentropic compressible Navier–Stokes–Poisson system with the initial perturbation
belonging to the space
, where
and
. More importantly, we establish the optimal temporal decay rate of the global strong solution, which can be considered as further work.
Advances in injectable hydrogel: Design, functional regulation, and biomedical applications
Authors: Karmakar Puja Das , Velu Karthick , Vineeth Kumar C. M. , Pal Aniruddha
Published: October 2023

Recently, injectable hydrogels have been considered smart materials and have been widely researched for their use as scaffolds. They resemble the extracellular matrix of native tissue and have the capability for homogeneous mixing with therapeutic agents. It can be implanted into living bodies with minimal invasiveness and usability for irregularly shaped sites. Such unique features make the injectable hydrogels as promising materials in tissue engineering, drug delivery system, and gene/protein delivery. This review article provides a comprehensive overview of the different mechanisms employed in the preparation of injectable hydrogel, as well as a detailed exploration of its applications in the biomedical field. Furthermore, the article highlights the critical importance of developing injectable hydrogels as market‐viable products, highlighting their potential impact in the field of regenerative medicine.
Environment friendly biomass composite aerogel with reinforced mechanical properties for thermal insulation and flame retardancy application
Authors: Deng Tao , Li Hanxin , Li Yufeng , Jiang Chongwen , He Yu , Yang Tao , Zhu Lin , Xie Le
Published: October 2023

Biomass aerogels have attracted wide attention due to their excellent thermal insulation properties, but their low mechanical strength and high susceptibility to combustion limit their application. To address these limitations, a novel composite aerogel was prepared by combining chitosan aerogel (CS) and hydroxyapatite nanowires (HAP) via phytic acid (PA) cross‐linking and freeze‐drying. It was found that the maximum compressive strength and modulus of CS/HAP aerogel were 1.13 and 0.67 MPa, respectively. The minimum thermal conductivity of CS/HAP(0.5) composite aerogel was 0.03921 W m−1 K−1, indicating its good thermal insulating property. Moreover, the CS/HAP composite aerogel also showed excellent flame‐retardant properties. The heat release rate (HRR) and total heat release from combustion (THR) were significantly lower than those of the CS aerogel, with values of 35.2 kW m−2 and 3.7 MJ m−2, respectively, compared to 169.6 kW m−2 and 5.4 MJ m−2. The total smoke release (TSR) was also at a low level, reaches 0.4 m2 m−2.

Highlights

Propose a novel chitosan aerogel composited with inorganic nano‐reinforced HAP.

High mechanical strength of CS/HAP composite aerogel are illustrated.

Exhibit excellent thermal insulation performance of CS/HAP aerogel.

HAP and PA largely improves the flame retardancy of the chitosan aerogel.
Characterization of the inner membrane cytochrome ImcH from Geobacter reveals its importance for extracellular electron transfer and energy conservation
Authors: Pimenta Andreia I. , Paquete Catarina M. , Morgado Leonor , Edwards Marcus J. , Clarke Thomas A. , Salgueiro Carlos A. , Pereira Inês A. C. , Duarte Américo G.
Published: October 2023

Electroactive bacteria combine the oxidation of carbon substrates with an extracellular electron transfer (EET) process that discharges electrons to an electron acceptor outside the cell. This process involves electron transfer through consecutive redox proteins that efficiently connect the inner membrane to the cell exterior. In this study, we isolated and characterized the quinone‐interacting membrane cytochrome c ImcH from Geobacter sulfurreducens, which is involved in the EET process to high redox potential acceptors. Spectroscopic and electrochemical studies show that ImcH hemes have low midpoint redox potentials, ranging from −150 to −358 mV, and connect the oxidation of the quinol‐pool to EET, transferring electrons to the highly abundant periplasmic cytochrome PpcA with higher affinity than to its homologues. Despite the larger number of hemes and transmembrane helices, the ImcH structural model has similarities with the NapC/NirT/NrfH superfamily, namely the presence of a quinone‐binding site on the P‐side of the membrane. In addition, the first heme, likely involved on the quinol oxidation, has apparently an unusual His/Gln coordination. Our work suggests that ImcH is electroneutral and transfers electrons and protons to the same side of the membrane, contributing to the maintenance of a proton motive force and playing a central role in recycling the menaquinone pool.
The essential role of arginine biosynthetic genes in lunate conidia formation, conidiation, mycelial growth, and virulence of nematophagous fungus, Esteya vermicolaCBS115803
Authors: Chen Chi , Hu Zhijuan , Zheng Xinyao , Yuan Jingjie , Zou Run , Wang Yilan , Peng Xuan , Xie Chengjian
Published: October 2023

BACKGROUND

The pinewood nematode (Bursaphelenchus xylophilus) causes severe damage to pine trees. The nematophagous fungus, Esteya vermicola, exhibits considerable promise in the biological control of Bursaphelenchus xylophilus due to its infectivity. Notably, the lunate conidia produced by E. vermicola can infect Bursaphelenchus xylophilus. In the study, we aim to investigate the genes involved in the formation of the lunate conidia of E. vermicola CBS115803.

RESULTS

Esteya vermicola CBS115803 yielded 95% lunate conidia on the complete medium (CM) and 86% bacilloid conidia on the minimal medium (MM). Transcriptomic analysis of conidia from both media revealed a significant enrichment of differentially expressed genes in the pathway related to ‘cellular amino acid biosynthesis and metabolism’. Functional assessment showed that the knockout of two arginine biosynthesis genes (EV232 and EV289) resulted in defects in conidia germination, mycelial growth, lunate conidia formation, and virulence of E. vermicola CBS115803 in Bursaphelenchus xylophilus. Remarkably, the addition of arginine to the MM improved mycelial growth, conidiation and lunate conidia formation in the mutants and notably increased conidia yield and the lunate conidia ratio in the wild‐type E. vermicola CBS115803.

CONCLUSION

This investigation confirms the essential role of two arginine biosynthesis genes in lunate conidia formation in E. vermicola CBS115803. The findings also suggest that the supplementation of arginine to the culture medium can enhance the lunate conidia yield. These insights contribute significantly to the application of E. vermicola CBS115803 in managing Bursaphelenchus xylophilus infections. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
A new accuracy metric under three classes when subclasses are involved and its confidence interval estimation
Authors: Nan Nan , Tian Lili
Published: October 2023

“Compound multi‐class classification” refers to the setting where three or more main classes are involved and at least one of the main classes have multiple subclasses. A common practice in evaluating biomarker performance under “compound multi‐class classification” is “subclasses pooling.” In this article, we first explore the downsides of accuracy metrics based on pooled data. Then we propose a new accuracy measure proper for “compound multi‐class classification” with three ordinal main classes, namely “volume under compound surface ().” The proposed evaluates the accuracy of a biomarker appropriately by identifying main classes without requiring specification of an ordering for marker values of subclasses within each main class. For confidence interval estimation of , both parametric and nonparametric methods are studied, and simulation studies are carried out to assess coverage probabilities. A subset of Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative study dataset is analyzed.
Photo(electro)catalytic Performance of ZnO‐Based Nanopowders Prepared through Pulse Alternating Current Electrosynthesis in Alkaline Earth Chloride Electrolytes
Authors: Ulyankina Anna , Tsarenko Anastasia , Yatsenko Aleksey , Gorshenkov Mikhail , Smirnova Nina
Published: October 2023

Photo(electro)catalysis is a technology that allows abundant and clean solar energy to be harvested as an essential step to achieving sustainable development goals. However, controllable and economically viable synthesis of nanocatalysts is one of the key challenges that hinder the practical application of many important energy‐related photo(electro)catalytic reactions. In this study insights into the electrosynthesis of ZnO‐based materials using pulse alternating current as a green oxidant and the alkaline earth metal chloride aqueous solutions as electrolytes were provided. The effect of electrolyte on composition and structure of final products was demonstrated. ZnO photocatalyst prepared in BaCl2 exhibited different activity tendency in photoelectrocatalytic and photocatalytic systems showing the highest photocurrent (0.18 mA cm−2) for ZnO photoelectrode annealed at 300 °C and maximum rate constant for methylene blue dye photodegradation in the presence of ZnO particles annealed at 500 °C. Optimized ZnO nanopowder was further employed for the degradation of 2,4‐dinitrophenol pollutant in a custom‐designed flow photoreactor operating under low‐power UV. 2,4‐dinitrophenol was degraded to 90.1 % at ZnO dosage of 0.2 mg L−1 within 280 min of illumination. Overall, the optimization of pulse alternating current electrosynthesis and post‐annealing might be promising and sustainable approach to ZnO‐based nanopowders for environmental photo(electro)catalytic applications.
Hollow Mesoporous DOX@TiO2@PDA@HA for Collaborative Chemotherapy and Photothermal Therapy
Authors: Wu Nian , Song Fang Xiang , Liu Bing , Chen Meng Lan , Cai Xiao Qin , Luo Hong Huan , Li Yan
Published: October 2023

Combination therapy was an effective strategy to overcome the limitations of many monotherapies. Here, hollow mesoporous titanium dioxide nanomaterials (TiO2) were synthesized by silica‐protected calcination‐alkali etching for loading adriamycin (DOX) with polydopamine (PDA) coating and then hyaluronic acid (HA) modification. The nanomaterials allowed for drug‐targeted delivery and the combination of photothermal therapy and chemotherapy. The hollow mesoporous titanium dioxide provided a high drug loading capacity, and the photothermal agent PDA layer exhibited good photothermal conversion capabilities. Moreover, the ability to target through hyaluronic acid‐mediated target allowed the nanomaterials targeted to human breast cancer cells (MCF‐7). Cytotoxicity and apoptosis tests showed that the prepared DOX@TiO2@PDA@HA showed potential as a drug delivery system for combined chemotherapy and photothermal therapy to improve anti‐tumor efficiency.
Versatile Therapeutic Values of N‐Containing Heterocycles Benzimidazole, Piperazine and Piperidine Hybrids
Authors: Zala Ajayrajsinh R. , Kumari Premlata
Published: October 2023

Nitrogen‐containing benzimidazole, piperazine, and piperidine are significant pharmacophores in medicinal chemistry and drug development. Many medications, lead compounds, and various reagents have these N‐containing scaffolds. This review concentrated on the development of novel therapeutic agents as well as the broad range of pharmacological actions demonstrated by benzimidazole, piperazine, and piperidine hybrids. The review emphasizes these hybrids′ potential, range, and medical significance. The review also discusses the structural criteria for benzimidazole, piperazine, and piperidine hybrids created by diverse chemists to be physiologically effective against a variety of disorders.
Debenzylation or Demethylation in Methyl Ester of O‐Alkyl Nitrophenols with Stannous Chloride Dihydrate
Authors: Karmakar Sintu , Patel Karma , Shah Syed Kabir Hussain , Chauhan Payal , Prabhakaran Panchami
Published: October 2023

Stannous chloride dihydrate (SnCl2.2H2O) is an inexpensive and commonly used reagent for nitro group reduction. We observed partial O‐demethylation or O‐debenzylation of O‐alkylated nitrobenzene derivatives when subjected to the nitro reduction with the reagent in ethyl acetate at heating, a generally employed reaction condition. A neat reaction at 80 °C afforded the debenzylated product. Reactions at room temperature yielded corresponding O‐alkylated anilines only. The results show the effect of electron‐withdrawing groups on dealkylation; when at the ortho or para position to the alkoxy group, they enhanced the possibility of dealkylation, and no dealkylation was observed in meta‐oriented substrates. The systematic study may help researchers to choose the proper conditions to prevent undesired products.
A New Catalytic Method for the Synthesis of Cyclic Azaperoxides with High Cytotoxic Activity
Authors: Makhmudiyarova Nataliya N. , Ishmukhametova Irina R. , Dzhemileva Lilya U. , D'yakonov Vladimir A. , Terent'ev Alexander O. , Dzhemilev Usein M.
Published: October 2023

An efficient method has been developed for the synthesis of N‐aryl‐1,2,4‐dioxazolidines, N‐aryl‐tetraoxaspiroalkanes, and N‐aryl‐hexaoxadispiroalkanes by cycloaminomethylation of OH acids (hydrogen peroxide, gem‐bis‐hydroperoxides, and 1,1′‐peroxybis(1‐hydroperoxycycloalkanes)) with 1,3,5‐triaryl‐1,3,5‐triazinanes in the presence of lanthanide catalysts. The eight‐membered azadiperoxides were shown to exhibit a high cytotoxic activity against Jurkat, K562, and U937 tumor cells and Hek296 immortalized normal cells. The cytotoxic activity of Fe(II)‐treated azadiperoxides against Jurkat tumor cells was studied; these compounds were shown to in Keywords: Catalysis; Cycloaminomethylation; Hydrogen peroxide; Gem‐bis‐hydroperoxides; 1,1′‐Peroxy‐bis(1‐hydroperoxycycloalkanes); Azaperoxides; Cytotoxic activity initiate cell autophagy.
Identification of Potent Antitubercular Secondary Metabolites from Kigelia africana: An In‐Silico Investigation
Authors: Darra Wadhwani Barkha , Nunia Vandana , Joshi Kavita , Mali Deepak , Vyas Pooja , Kumar Tarun , Nair Rashmy , Khandelwal Poonam
Published: October 2023

Ethyl‐acetate extract of heartwood of Kigelia africana Lam. affords tecomaquinone‐I (1), lapachol (2), dehydro‐α‐lapachone (3), cluytyl ferulate (4), kigelinone (5), D‐sesamin (6), paulownin (7), wodeshiol (8) and cycloolivil (9). Isolation of cycloolivil from this plant is being reported for the first time. The structures of these compounds were elucidated by advanced spectroscopic methods (1H, 13C NMR, IR & Mass spectrometry). Structure of cycloolivil (9) was confirmed by X‐ray crystallographic analysis. In order to study the anti‐tubercular activity and to develop new drugs from natural sources, molecular docking studies of isolated phytochemicals were performed for potential inhibitory action towards Type I polyketide synthase 13 (Pks13). For this purpose, isoniazid, and a co‐crystallized PDB ligand were used as reference drug. Tecomaquinone‐I exhibited best docking score (−12.4 kcal/mol) among all the tested compounds. Molecular simulation and QSAR study of tecomaquinone‐I favoured docking results. Hence, the present study suggests that tecomaquinone‐I exhibits potent anti‐tubercular activity.