bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Questionnaire‐ and linkage‐based outcomes in Dutch childhood cancer survivors: Methodology of the DCCSS LATER study part 1
Authors: Teepen Jop C. , Kok Judith L. , Feijen Elizabeth A. M. , Loonen Jacqueline J. , van den Heuvel‐Eibrink Marry M. , van der Pal Helena J. , Tissing Wim J. E. , Bresters Dorine , Versluys Birgitta , Grootenhuis Martha A. , Louwerens Marloes , Neggers Sebastian J. C. M. M. , van Santen Hanneke M. , de Vries Andrica , Janssens Geert O. , den Hartogh Jaap G. , van Leeuwen Flora E. , Hollema Nynke , Streefkerk Nina , Kilsdonk Ellen , van der Heiden‐van der Loo Margriet , van Dulmen‐den Broeder Eline , Ronckers Cécile M. , Kremer Leontien C. M. ,   for the DCCSS LATER Study Group
Published: December 2022

Background

Childhood cancer survivors are at risk for developing long‐term adverse health outcomes. To identify the risk of and risk factors for specific health outcomes, well‐established cohorts are needed with detailed information on childhood cancer diagnosis, treatment, and health outcomes. We describe the design, methodology, characteristics, and data availability of the Dutch Childhood Cancer Survivor Study LATER cohort (1963–2001) part 1; questionnaire and linkage studies.

Methods

The LATER cohort includes 5‐year childhood cancer survivors, diagnosed in the period 1963–2001, and before the age of 18 in any of the seven former pediatric oncology centers in the Netherlands. Information on health outcomes from survivors and invited siblings of survivors was collected by questionnaires and linkages to medical registries.

Results

In total, 6165 survivors were included in the LATER cohort. Extensive data on diagnosis and treatment have been collected. Information on a variety of health outcomes has been ascertained by the LATER questionnaire study and linkages with several registries for subsequent tumors, health care use, and hospitalizations.

Conclusion

Research with data of the LATER cohort will provide new insights into risks of and risk factors for long‐term health outcomes. This can enhance risk stratification for childhood cancer survivors and inform surveillance guidelines and development of interventions to prevent (the impact of) long‐term adverse health outcomes. The data collected will be a solid baseline foundation for future follow‐up studies.
Risk factors for and prognostic values of postoperative acute kidney injury after pancreaticoduodenectomy for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma: A retrospective, propensity score‐matched cohort study of 1312 patients
Authors: Ji Yuchen , Zhou Yiran , Shen Ziyun , Chen Haoda , Zhao Shulin , Deng Xiaxing , Shen Baiyong
Published: December 2022

Background

While an association between postoperative acute kidney injury (AKI) and adverse events exists, the incidence and impact of postoperative AKI after pancreaticoduodenectomy for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma remain unclear. This study aimed to diagnose AKI and investigate the risk factors for and prognostic value of postoperative AKI.

Methods

Clinical characteristics of patients who underwent pancreaticoduodenectomy between 2013 and 2020 at a high‐volume centre were collected retrospectively. The Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes criteria were used to diagnose AKI. A 1:2 propensity score matching (PSM) was used to minimise bias between the AKI and non‐AKI groups. Short‐term surgical and long‐term survival outcomes were compared between groups. Multivariate logistic regression analysis assessed the independent risk factors for AKI development, major complications, and 30‐day mortality.

Results

Postoperative AKI occurred in 10.7% of 1312 patients. Total bilirubin level > 250 μmol/L (odds ratio [OR]: 3.24; p < 0.001), estimated glomerular filtration rate < 60 ml/min/1.73 m2 (OR: 2.30; p = 0.048), and intraoperative estimated blood loss >1000 ml (OR: 2.96; p = 0.001) were independent risk factors for postoperative AKI. After PSM, higher incidences of major complications (p < 0.001) and 30‐day mortality (p < 0.001) were observed in the AKI group than in the non‐AKI group. There was no difference in long‐term overall survival outcomes between both groups (p = 0.535). AKI was an independent predictor of major complications (OR: 3.06; p < 0.001) and 30‐day mortality (OR: 2.87; p = 0.034).

Conclusions

Postoperative AKI is common after pancreaticoduodenectomy for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma and has a predictive effect on major complications and 30‐day mortality. Therefore, prevention and proper management of postoperative AKI are required in clinical practice.
When to intervene and take a stand: Evaluating bystander roles in intergroup name‐calling contexts
Authors: Palmer Sally B. , Hitti Aline , Abrams Dominic , Cameron Lindsey , Sims Riley N. , Woodward Bonnie , Killen Melanie
Published: December 2022

Children (n = 121, M = 9.86 years, SD = 0.64) and adolescents (n = 101, M = 12.84 years, SD = 0.69) evaluated proactive and passive bystander behaviour to intergroup name‐calling (N = 222, 54% female). Scenarios depicted ingroup perpetrators and outgroup victims who were from a stigmatized group (ethnicity) or a non‐stigmatized group (school affiliation), with bystanders depicted as being proactive (intervening to help) or passive (failing to challenge the aggression), counter to their own group's norm. Children and adolescents personally evaluated proactive bystanders more favourably than passive bystanders. However, adolescents, more than children, expected their peers to be more positive about proactive bystanders than passive bystanders in the stigmatized context. Results are discussed in terms of the complexities of bystander decisions and implications for anti‐bullying interventions.
The future of angiography: Estimates of FFR pre‐ and post‐PCI
Authors: Tehrani David M. , Seto Arnold H.
Published: December 2022

Key Points

Quantitative flow reserve (QFR) allows for functional assessment of stenosis in a vessel using angiography, allowing estimation of the residual QFR (rQFR) after simulated stenting.

Use of rQFR was able to predict post‐PCI FFR ≤ 0.80 and using a rQFR≤0.89 cut‐off was correlated with an increased need for repeat target vessel revascularization.

Angiographic FFR tools provide rapid, safe, and complete coronary hemodynamics and will likely supplant wire‐based measurements once fully validated and properly marketed.
Percutaneous tricuspid valve repair: A safer alternative to traditional approaches?
Authors: El Hajj Milad , Krajcer Zvonimir
Published: December 2022

Key Points

The use of the PASCAL transcatheter valve repair system is a safe and feasible approach for treating patients with severe, symptomatic tricuspid regurgitation and is associated with improved quality‐of‐life outcomes at 30 days.

The TriCLASP study adds to the growing body of evidence supporting the use of transcatheter tricuspid valve interventions for treating severe tricuspid regurgitation in high‐risk surgical patients.

In the highly anticipated CLASP II TR pivotal trial (NCT04097145), patients will be randomized to receive treatment with the PASCAL system and optimal medical therapy or optimal medical therapy alone.
Magneto‐Structural Correlations in a Mixed Porphyrin(Cu2+)/Trityl Spin System: Magnitude, Sign, and Distribution of the Exchange Coupling Constant
Authors: Abdullin Dinar , Hett Tobias , Fleck Nico , Kopp Kevin , Cassidy Simon , Richert Sabine , Schiemann Olav
Published: December 2022

Tetrathiatriarylmethyl radicals (TAM or trityl) are receiving increasing attention in various fields of magnetic resonance such as imaging, dynamic nuclear polarization, spin labeling, and, more recently, molecular magnetism and quantum information technology. Here, a trityl radical attached via a phenyl bridge to a copper(II)tetraphenylporphyrin was synthesized, and its magnetic properties studied by multi‐frequency continuous‐wave electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy and magnetic measurements. EPR revealed that the electron spin‐spin coupling constant J between the trityl and Cu2+ spin centers is ferromagnetic with a magnitude of −2.3 GHz (−0.077 cm−1,
convention) and a distribution width of 1.2 GHz (0.040 cm−1). With the help of density functional theory (DFT) calculations, the obtained ferromagnetic exchange coupling, which is unusual for para‐substituted phenyl‐bridged biradicals, could be related to the almost perpendicular orientation of the phenyl linker with respect to the porphyrin and trityl ring planes in the energy minimum, while the J distribution was rationalized by the temperature weighted rotation of the phenyl bridge about the molecular axis connecting both spin centers. This study exemplifies the importance of molecular dynamics for the homogeneity (or heterogeneity) of the magnetic properties of trityl‐based systems.
De Novo Synthesis of α‐Oligo(arylfuran)s and Its Application in OLED as Hole‐Transporting Material
Authors: Wei Zhuwen , Chen Yang , Wang Jianghui , Yang Tao , Zhao Zujin , Zhu Shifa
Published: December 2022

Tuning the photophysical properties of π‐conjugated oligomers by functionalization of skeleton, to achieve an optically and electronically advantageous building block for organic semiconductor materials is a vital yet challenging task. In this work, a series of structurally well‐defined polyaryl‐functionalized α‐oligofurans, in which aryl groups are introduced precisely into each of the furan units, are rapidly and efficiently synthesized by de novo metal‐free synthesis of α‐bi(arylfuran) monomers for the first time. This new synthetic strategy nicely circumvents the cumbersome substituent introduction process in the later stage by the preinstallation of the desired aryl groups in the starting material. The characterization of α‐oligo(arylfuran)s demonstrates that photoelectric properties of coplanar α‐oligo(arylfuran)s can be tuned through varying aryl groups with different electrical properties. These novel α‐oligo(arylfuran)s have good hole transport capacity and can function as hole‐transporting layers in organic light‐emitting diodes, which is indicative of significant breakthrough in the application of α‐oligofurans materials in OLEDs. And our findings offer an avenue for the ingenious use of α‐oligo(arylfuran)s as p‐type organic semiconductors for OLEDs.
An automation query expansion strategy for information retrieval by using fuzzy based grasshopper optimization algorithm on medical datasets
Authors: Srivel R. , Kalaiselvi K. , Shanthi S. , Perumal Uma
Published: December 2022

Due to the technical words employed, which are primarily recognized by medical specialists, information retrieval in the medical area is sometimes described as sophisticated. Because of this, users frequently have trouble coming up with queries utilizing these medical phrases. However, this problem may be readily fixed by an information retrieval system that finds the pertinent terms that fit the user's query and automatically creates a ranking document using these keywords. To enhance the IR performance, the Automatic Query expansion method is applied by appending additional query terms for the medical domain. We propose a novel fuzzy‐based Grasshopper Optimization Algorithm (GOA) based on automatic query expansion. This work is mainly focused on filtering the most relevant augmented query by utilizing the synchronization score of IR evidence like normalized term frequency, inverse document frequency, and normalization of document length. The main aim of this work is to identify the medical terms that appropriately match the user's queries. The GOA algorithm ranks the terms based on relevance and then identifies the terms with the maximum synchronization value. The documents formed using the optimal expanded query are classified into three types, namely totally relevant, moderately relevant, and marginally relevant. Besides, the comparison of the proposed work is carried out for different performance metrics like Mean‐Average Precision,F‐measure, Precision‐recall, and Precision rank are evaluated and analyzed by using TREC‐COVID, TREC Genomics 2007, and MEDLARs medical datasets for the proposed and some of the state‐of‐art works. For a total of 60 queries, the proposed model offers anF1‐Score of 0.964, 0.959, and 0.968 for the MEDLARS, TREC Genomics, and TREC COVID19 datasets, respectively. TheE1‐score and Mean Reciprocal Rate (MRR) of the proposed model is 0.8 and 0.9 when evaluated using the TREC COVID19 dataset. Performance analyses show that the proposed approach outperforms the other automatic keyword expansion approaches in the medical domain.
A win‐win way for corporate and stakeholders to achieve sustainable development: Corporate social responsibility value co‐creation scale development and validation
Authors: Sang Ye , Han Eunkyoung
Published: December 2022

The present study intends to develop and validate a multidimensional evaluation standard for customers' participation in corporate social responsibility (CSR) value co‐creation (VCC), which has grown exponentially since the start of the Internet commonweal platform era. A Delphi study was conducted with a group of 30 professionals and local community members. Initial items for measuring CSR VCC were derived from the Delphi study. These items were then used to devise a questionnaire that was ultimately administered to 844 customers. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis resulted in 28 items based on five factors: customer participation, customer response, corporate response, interaction, and sustainability. Both convergent validity and discriminant validity were verified between factors. Finally, structural equation modeling was used to verify the nomological validity of the scale. This evaluation scale is expected to provide a criterion that can help companies effectively manage CSR aspects of corporate‐customer VCC and help customers choose CSR campaigns they can trust.
Spatial models can improve the experimental design of field‐based transplant gardens by preventing bias due to neighborhood crowding
Authors: Zaiats Andrii , Requena‐Mullor Juan M. , Germino Matthew J. , Forbey Jennifer S. , Richardson Bryce A. , Caughlin T. Trevor
Published: December 2022

Field‐based transplant gardens, including common and reciprocal garden experiments, are a powerful tool for studying genetic variation and gene‐by‐environment interactions. These experiments assume that individuals within the garden represent independent replicates growing in a homogenous environment. Plant neighborhood interactions are pervasive across plant populations and could violate assumptions of transplant garden experiments. We demonstrate how spatially explicit models for plant–plant interactions can provide novel insights on genotypes' performance in field‐transplant garden designs. We used individual‐based models, based on data from a sagebrush (Artemisia spp.) common garden, to simulate the impact of spatial plant–plant interactions on between‐group differences in plant growth. We found that planting densities within the range of those used in many common gardens can bias experimental outcomes. Our results demonstrate that higher planting densities can lead to inflated group differences and may confound genotypes' competitive ability and genetically underpinned variation. Synthesis. We propose that spatially explicit models can help avoid biased results by informing the design and analysis of field‐based transplant garden experiments. Alternately, including neighborhood effects in post hoc analyses of transplant garden experiments is likely to provide novel insights into the roles of biotic factors and density dependence in genetic differentiation.
Ants disperse seeds farther in habitat patches with corridors
Authors: Burt Melissa A. , Resasco Julian , Haddad Nick M. , Whitehead Susan R.
Published: December 2022

Habitat fragmentation impacts ecosystems worldwide through habitat loss, reduced connectivity, and edge effects. Yet, these landscape factors are often confounded, leaving much to be investigated about their relative effects, especially on species interactions. In a landscape experiment, we investigated the consequences of connectivity and edge effects for seed dispersal by ants. We found that ants dispersed seeds farther in habitat patches connected by corridors, but only in patch centers. We did not see an effect on the total number of seeds moved or the rate ants detected seeds. Furthermore, we did not see any differences in ant community composition across patch types, suggesting that shifts in ant behavior or other factors increased ant seed dispersal in patches connected by corridors. Long‐distance seed dispersal by ants that requires an accumulation of short‐distance dispersal events over generations may be an underappreciated mechanism through which corridors increase plant diversity.
Freshwater corridors in the conterminous United States: A coarse‐filter approach based on lake‐stream networks
Authors: McCullough Ian M. , Hanly Patrick J. , King Katelyn B. S. , Wagner Tyler
Published: December 2022

Maintaining regional‐scale freshwater connectivity is challenging due to the dendritic, easily fragmented structure of freshwater networks, but is essential for promoting ecological resilience under climate change. Although the importance of stream network connectivity has been recognized, lake‐stream network connectivity has largely been ignored. Furthermore, protected areas are generally not designed to maintain or encompass entire freshwater networks. We applied a coarse‐filter approach to identify potential freshwater corridors for diverse taxa by calculating connectivity scores for 385 lake‐stream networks across the conterminous United States based on network size, structure, resistance to fragmentation, and dam prevalence. We also identified 2080 disproportionately important lakes for maintaining intact networks (i.e., hubs; 2% of all network lakes) and analyzed the protection status of hubs and potential freshwater corridors. Just 3% of networks received high connectivity scores based on their large size and structure (medians of 1303 lakes, 498.6 km north–south stream distance), but these also contained a median of 454 dams. In contrast, undammed networks (17% of networks) were considerably smaller (medians of six lakes, 7.2 km north–south stream distance), indicating that the functional connectivity of the largest potential freshwater corridors in the conterminous United States currently may be diminished compared with smaller, undammed networks. Network lakes and hubs were protected at similar rates nationally across different levels of protection (8%–18% and 6%–20%, respectively), but were generally more protected in the western United States. Our results indicate that conterminous United States protection of major freshwater corridors and the hubs that maintain them generally fell short of the international conservation goal of protecting an ecologically representative, well‐connected set of fresh waters (≥17%) by 2020 (Aichi Target 11). Conservation planning efforts might consider focusing on restoring natural hydrologic connectivity at or near hubs, particularly in larger networks, less protected, or biodiverse regions, to support freshwater biodiversity conservation under climate change.
Impact of heart failure on all‐cause mortality in COVID‐19: findings from the Eurasian International Registry
Authors: Arutyunov Gregory P. , Tarlovskaya Ekaterina I. , Arutyunov Alexander G. , Lopatin Yury M. ,   ACTIV Investigators
Published: December 2022

Aims

To study all‐cause mortality in patients hospitalized with COVID‐19 with or without chronic heart failure (CHF) during hospitalization and at 3 and 6 months of follow‐up.

Methods and results

The international registry Analysis of Comorbid Disease Dynamics in Patients with SARS‐CoV‐2 Infection (ACTIV) was conducted at 26 centres in seven countries: Armenia, Belarus, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Moldova, Russian Federation, and Uzbekistan. The primary endpoints were in‐hospital all‐cause mortality and all‐cause mortality at 3 and 6 months of follow‐up.

Of the 5616 patients hospitalized with COVID‐19, 917 (16.3%) had CHF. Total in‐hospital mortality was 7.6%. In‐hospital mortality was higher in patients with CHF than in patients without a history of CHF [17.7% vs. 4.0%, P < 0.001; odds ratio (OR) 4.614, 95% confidence interval (CI) 3.633–5.859; P < 0.001]. The risk of in‐hospital all‐cause mortality correlated significantly with the severity of CHF; specifically, the risk of in‐hospital all‐cause mortality was greater for patients in New York Heart Association functional classes III and IV (OR 6.124, 95% CI 4.538–8.266; P < 0.001 vs. patients without CHF) than for patients in functional classes I and II (OR 2.446, 95% CI 1.831–3.267, P < 0.001 vs. patients without CHF). The risk of mortality in patients with ischemic CHF was 58% higher than in patients with non‐ischaemic CHF [OR 1.58 (95% CI 1.05–2.45), P = 0.030]. In the first 3 months of follow‐up, the all‐cause mortality rate in patients with CHF was 10.32%, compared with 1.83% in patients without CHF (P < 0.001). At 6 months of follow‐up, NYHA classes II–IV was a strong risk factor for all‐cause mortality [OR 5.343 (95% CI 2.717–10.508); P < 0.001].

Conclusions

Hospitalized COVID‐19 patients with CHF have an increased risk of in‐hospital all‐cause mortality, which remains high 6 months after discharge.
NHC‐Palladium‐Catalyzed Cascade Annulation of Alkynoic Acids with Unactivated Alkenes in Ionic Liquids
Authors: Li Jianxiao , Luo Yougui , Hu Lihua , Liu Lele , Lai Yin‐Long , Xiong Wenfang
Published: December 2022

An N‐heterocyclic carbene palladium (NHC‐palladium)‐catalyzed cascade annulation of alkynoic acids with unactivated alkenes under an oxygen atmosphere in ionic liquids is described. This protocol enables facile access for the preparation of diverse alkyl substituted α‐methylene‐γ‐lactones in moderate to good yields with excellent Z/E selectivity. Moreover, the ionic liquid not only acts as the green solvent, but also as the eco‐friendly chlorine source, thus avoiding the use of excess metal halides such as cupric chloride. Some preliminary mechanistic studies were performed, which further revealed possible pathways for this cascade annulation.
The morphology modulation of graphene to produce wrinkles and folds for effective electrochemical determination of Hg(II)
Authors: Liu Yao , Bi Cheng‐Cheng , Bao Qian‐Xin , Weerasooriya Rohan , Chen Xing
Published: December 2022

A highly efficient electrode material, three‐dimensional reduced graphene oxide with varying wrinkles and folds (WRGO), applicable for electrochemical determination of Hg(II) was obtained by treating graphene oxide (GO) with KOH aqueous solution. After alkaline etching, the relatively flat graphene was altered and its self‐aggregation was significantly alleviated, producing more wrinkles and folds, which provided more active adsorption sites for heavy metal ions. WRGO‐5 modified electrode system herein offers a highest sensitivity of (31.83 μAμM−1) and a lowest LOD of (16.28 nM). Moreover, the electrode sensor possesses good stability and reproducibility.
Tolerance of plant virus disease: Its genetic, physiological, and epidemiological significance
Authors: Jeger Michael John
Published: December 2022

The development and use of tolerance have been proposed as an alternative or complementary method to host resistance in the management of plant diseases, including those caused by viruses. There has been much ambiguity among plant pathologists, plant breeders, and agronomists in the meaning of tolerance and how it can be operationally defined, but a modern consensus seems to have emerged. Tolerance is a relative term that means a limited reduction in host plant fitness (reproduction or survival) in relation to pathogen load throughout or during a defined period of plant development and growth such as the reproductive stage. This emphasizes the need to study reproductive stage disease tolerance. Despite this apparent consensus, there remain questions over the use of model plant systems, the genetic background of tolerance, its physiological expression, and epidemiological consequences of its deployment in crops, in comparison with host resistance. Most examples of tolerance reviewed here are for plant virus systems, although other pathogen taxa are referred to, as is tolerance as a natural phenomenon in wild plants including crop relatives. An argument is made for studying commonalities and interactions in host responses to biotic and abiotic stressors; in particular, whether virus infection can mitigate the impact of heat, cold, drought and salinity stress in plants. Finally, we review the use of mathematical models as a means of evaluating the strategy of using tolerance in disease and crop management.
Novel insights into the sea level evolution along the coast of Bozburun Peninsula (Turkey): A study on submerged Bronze Age harbor in Çamçalık
Authors: Kızıldağ Nilhan , Özdaş Harun , Held Winfried , Spada Giorgio , Melini Daniele
Published: December 2022

A recent discovery of a Bronze Age harbor site in Çamçalık provides new data for the relative sea level history along the coast of the Bozburun Peninsula over the last 3600 years. In this study, we compared the new and previously published data from nearby sites to determine the long‐term relative sea level changes. Further comparison of the observed sea level data and newly produced glacial isostatic adjustment (GIA) models clarified the tectonic contribution to the relative sea level changes. Our results suggest a nonlinear tectonic subsidence trend in the coastal zone since 3600 B.P. The increase in the relative sea level accelerated over the last 1400 years, mostly due to the seismic events controlled by the tectonic regime of the southeastern Aegean Sea. We can conclude that, as in the past, this active tectonic process will have a major impact on the future sea level evolution of the coastal sector of the Bozburun Peninsula. Notably, our study can be used to understand the historical trend of sea level rise while providing a foundation for future trend prediction.
The origin and transfer of water and solutes in peatlands: A multi tracer assessment in the carbonated Jura Mountains
Authors: Lhosmot Alexandre , Bouchez Julien , Steinmann Marc , Lavastre Véronique , Bichet Vincent , Loup Christophe , Stefani Vanessa , Boetsch Anne , Chevet June , Toussaint Marie‐Laure , Gaillardet Jérôme , Bertrand Guillaume
Published: December 2022

Peatlands provide a large panel of socio‐ecosystemic services such as biodiversity, water and carbon storage and amenities. Hydrological and geochemical interactions between peats and their surroundings are expected to be favoured in mountainous areas, which are nowadays increasingly sensitive to climate changes. In order to provide an integrated scheme of potential interactions, this study evaluates spatio‐temporal patterns of environmental tracers (87Sr/86Sr, δ18O/δ2H, elemental ratios) during high‐ and low‐flow periods in the largest peatland complex of the Jura Mountains (France). Systematically depleted δ18O/δ2H values in the deepest peat pore waters suggest contrasted dynamics and origins, both compatible with either preferential winter recharge or supply from adjacent high‐elevation areas. Combined with strontium isotopes (87Sr/86Sr), we show that these water fluxes are purveyors of solutes derived from water‐rock interactions, modified by mixing, evapotranspiration and dilution with local meteoric inputs. An end member mixing analysis of the peat pore water solute composition is consistent with a major contribution of carbonates from the regional Cretaceous limestone formations, located beneath fluvio‐glacial Quaternary deposits underlying the peat. This contribution implies a significant upward water flux from the underlying syncline that could reach a sufficient hydraulic head thanks to recharge from an adjacent regional anticline. These multiscale (anticline‐syncline, syncline‐peatland, peatland‐surface) constraints allow us to propose a relevant scheme for the hydrogeochemical functioning of the peatland, enabling an improved understanding of the current high socio‐ecosystemic value of the area, and the potential future evolution of the related services.
Randomized controlled trial of a prenatal focused coparenting consultation for unmarried black fathers and mothers: One‐year infant and family outcomes
Authors: McHale James P. , Stover Carla , Dube Chad , Sirotkin Yana , Lewis Serina , McKay Katherine
Published: December 2022

In the infant mental health field, scant conceptual attention has been given to coparenting and family adaptations of non‐white family systems, with no evidence‐based, community‐informed coparenting interventions responsive to unmarried Black mothers’ and fathers’ life circumstances. This study examined 1‐year post‐partum child and family outcomes of a novel, modest dosage (six sessions) prenatal focused coparenting consultation (FCC) using randomized controlled trial methodology. One‐hundred‐thirty‐eight expectant families (one or both parents identified as Black/African American) were randomized to an intervention (N = 70) or treatment‐as‐usual (TAU; control) condition (N = 68). TAU families received navigational support in accessing existing community services for pregnant families. Intervention families received TAU plus 6 dyadic FCC sessions led by a Black male‐female Community Mentor team. When infants were three and 12 months old, parents reported on coparenting, father engagement, interparental aggression, depressive symptoms, and infant social and emotional adjustment. Intent‐to‐treat analyses focusing on 12‐month post‐partum data indicated significant intervention effects on coparenting, interparental psychological aggression, and infants’ emotional adjustment. Improvement was also seen in depression and father engagement, with gains for both groups. Results suggest FCC delivered by same‐race Community Mentors to unmarried Black coparents transitioning to parenthood supports infant and family adaptation during the first year of life.
Newborn behavioral observations system in rural Pakistan: A feasibility and acceptability study
Authors: Parveen Shazia , Zeshan Muhammad , Naveed Sadiq , Levey Elizabeth , Jahan Nusrat , Harrison Alexandra Murray
Published: December 2022

The Newborn Behavioral Observations (NBO) system is a relationship‐based tool that helps parents recognize their infant's competencies and learn their behavioral cues, with the goals of enhancing parental responsiveness and satisfaction in the infant‐parent relationship. In our study, a pediatrician integrated the NBO into 44 pediatric health care visits of infants in rural Pakistan villages, under the remote guidance of two U.S.‐based child psychiatrists. A clinician then gave the mothers a survey about their experience of the NBO and found that the mothers were highly satisfied, reporting greater appreciation of their infant's strengths, greater understanding of their infant's behavioral cues, stronger attachment to their infant, and greater self‐confidence as a mother. In their consideration of these results, the authors explore cultural reasons for the mothers’ responses and generate hypotheses to inform an outcome study of a similar intervention. This was a feasibility and acceptability study and was not randomized, had no control group, and did not use objective measures of outcome.
Prenatal genetic counseling in states hostile to abortion in the final days of Roe v. Wade: A qualitative study
Authors: Getchell Grace , Horan Sofia , Sagaser Katelynn G. , Hercher Laura
Published: December 2022

Genetic counselors (GCs) play an important role in providing and coordinating care for patients considering abortion care secondary to fetal anomaly and/or genetic diagnosis. In the United States, restrictive legislation reducing access to abortion has increased dramatically in recent years. In Texas, an unusual vigilante‐style law went into effect in September 2021, effectively banning all abortion after 6‐week gestation; this more restrictive legislation was widely seen as a harbinger of things to come. To assess the impact of evolving abortion restrictions on genetic counseling practice and patient care, we conducted semistructured interviews with 34 GCs practicing in states characterized as hostile to abortion using standards developed by the Guttmacher Institute and analyzed using Dedoose software. All interviews took place prior to the June 2022 Supreme Court decision overturning Roe v. Wade. Our qualitative study offered some support for earlier work, suggesting that time pressure created by gestational age limits and the potential need for patients to travel out of state for abortion care was the most significant impact on GC practice. However, GCs practicing in Texas and other highly restrictive states were more likely to report that legal uncertainty had a greater impact, often affecting their ability to counsel patients. GCs in Texas also emphasized that institutional guidance was helpful and that a lack of institutional guidance hindered patient care. With the Supreme Court decision in June 2022 overturning the right to abortion established under Roe v. Wade, many more GCs are likely to practice in states where abortion is restricted or banned. Our study suggests that impediments to counseling may be underappreciated in the changing landscape of abortion law.
A survey of osteoderm histology and ornamentation among Crocodylomorpha: A new proxy to infer lifestyle?
Authors: Pochat‐Cottilloux Yohan , Martin Jeremy E. , Amiot Romain , Cubo Jorge , de Buffrénil Vivian
Published: December 2022

Osteoderms of eight extant and extinct species of crocodylomorphs are studied histologically and morphologically. Most osteoderms display the typical “crocodilian” structure with a woven‐fibered matrix surrounded by an upper and a lower parallel fibered matrix. The dorsal ornamentation of those specimens consists of a pit‐and‐ridge structure, with corresponding remodeling mechanisms. However, an osteoderm ofIberosuchus, studied here for the first time, differs in being nearly devoid of ornamentation; moreover, it shows strong bundles of straight Sharpey's fibers perpendicular to the surface in its lateral and dorsal walls, along with a rough plywood‐like structure in its basal plate. This suggests that this osteoderm was more deeply anchored within the dermis than the other osteoderms studied hitherto. This peculiar structure might have been linked to a terrestrial ecology and a specific thermoregulation strategy. Some other notosuchians in our sample do not exhibit ornamentation on their osteoderms, as opposed to neosuchians. Considering current interpretations of osteoderm function(s) in crocodilians, our observations are discussed in reference to possible ecophysiological peculiarities of Notosuchia in general, andIberosuchusin particular.
Single‐cell transcriptomic analysis of the role of HPV16‐positive macrophages in cervical cancer prognosis
Authors: Wang Shiyou , Li Xiaohui , Liu Chao , Yuan Yi , Ma Feng
Published: December 2022

Almost all cases of cervical cancer (CC) can be attributed to high‐risk human papillomavirus (HPVs) infections in keratinocytes. However, it is unknown whether HPV invades immune cells such as macrophages and T cells. We analyzed the single‐cell transcriptome of the CC and its adjacent tissues and found that HPV16 genes, including E1, E6, and E7, expressed in the macrophages and CD8+ T cells in addition to the malignant cells. HPV16+ macrophages highly expressed the genes that promote cell adhesion and the favorable genes such as WAS, IQCB1, MYO1F, and PDZD11 in CC prognosis. The transcription factor KLF5 potentially accounted for the induction of these protective genes and thus facilitated the infiltration of the immune cells in tumor tissues. Our single‐cell transcriptome analysis suggests the potential value of the HPV16+ macrophage in CC prognosis. However, extensive experimental studies investigating the characteristics and functions of the HPV+ immune cells are still required.
Cancer embryonic antigen (CEA) levels in patients with appendiceal adenocarcinoma predict response to neo‐adjuvant chemotherapy and overall survival
Authors: Egbert Lena , Norain Abdullah , Stucky Chee‐Chee , Ahmad Sarwat , Chang Yu‐Hui , Wasif Nabil
Published: December 2022

Background and Objectives

Serum tumor markers are widely used for diagnosis, prognosis, treatment response, and surveillance. Our study evaluated cancer embryonic antigen (CEA) in patients with appendiceal adenocarcinoma.

Methods

The National Cancer Database was reviewed (2004–2011) for patients with surgical treatment for appendiceal adenocarcinoma. Patients were stratified into two groups: normal and elevated CEA. Multivariable adjusted Cox proportional hazards regression analyses were used to determine the independent effect of CEA on survival.

Results

Our study consisted of 2867 patients, 54.0% having elevated CEA. Patients with elevated CEA were more likely to have Stage IV disease, be female, and African American; all p < 0.001. Three‐year overall survival (OS) was significantly higher with normal CEA (75.5% vs. 62.8%, p < 0.001). On multivariable analysis, elevated CEA was associated with worse survival (hazard ratio 1.49, 95% confidence interval 1.23–1.80). Patients with elevated CEA had improved 3‐year OS with neo‐adjuvant compared to adjuvant chemotherapy (p = 0.004), while those with normal CEA showed no difference.

Conclusions

In patients with surgically treated appendiceal adenocarcinoma, preoperative elevation in CEA independently predicts decreased 3‐year survival and correlates with improved OS with neo‐adjuvant therapy. CEA levels should be considered in clinical decision‐making regarding neo‐adjuvant therapy in patients with appendiceal adenocarcinoma.
Clptm1, a new target in suppressing epileptic seizure by regulating GABAAR‐mediated inhibitory synaptic transmission in a PTZ‐induced epilepsy model
Authors: Zhang Xiao‐Lin , Zhou Jin‐Yu , Zhang Peng , Lin Lan , Mei Rong , Zhang Feng‐Li , Chen Yang‐Mei , Li Rong
Published: December 2022

Disruption of gamma‐amino butyric acid type A receptors (GABAARs) synaptic clustering and a decrease in the number of GABAARs in the plasma membrane are thought to contribute to alteration of the balance between excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmission, which promotes seizure induction and propagation. The multipass transmembrane protein cleft lip and palate transmembrane protein 1 (Clptm1) controls the forward trafficking of GABAAR, thus decaying miniature inhibitory postsynaptic current (mIPSC) of inhibitory synapses. In this study, using a pentylenetetrazol (PTZ)‐induced epilepsy rat model, we found that Clptm1 regulates epileptic seizures by modulating GABAAR‐mediated inhibitory synaptic transmission. First, we showed that Clptm1 expression was elevated in the PTZ‐induced epileptic rats. Subsequently, we found that downregulation of Clptm1 expression protected against PTZ‐induced seizures, which was attributed to an increase in the number of GABAARγ2s in the plasma membrane and the amplitude of mIPSC. Taken together, our findings identify a new anti‐seizure target that provides a theoretical basis for the development of novel strategies for the prevention and treatment of epilepsy.
Lp$L_p$‐cosine transform of the (p,q)${(p,q)}$‐th dual curvature measure
Authors: Fang Niufa , Wang Hejun , Zhang Zengle
Published: December 2022

The ‐th dual curvature measure was introduced by Lutwak, Yang and Zhang. In this paper, we study the cosine transform of the ‐th dual curvature measure which defines a new convex body. We prove that the new convex body unifies the Petty projection body and the centroid body. The corresponding affine isoperimetric inequality is also obtained. It is an extension of the known Petty projection inequality.
Effect of carbon nanotubes on the flexural properties and flammability of carbon fibre/epoxy multi‐scale composites
Authors: Zulkifli N.A. , Ismail N.H. , Jaafar M. , Othman A.R.
Published: December 2022

The aim of the present study is to investigate the coating effect of different amount of multi‐walled carbon nanotube on woven carbon fibre fabric. In the study, multi‐scale composites were produced using hybrid reinforcement consist of woven carbon fibre coated with multi‐walled carbon nanotubes. The coated fibres were stacked together with epoxy binder to produce composite laminates by using hand lay‐up method, followed by vacuum bagging. Measurements using zeta potential and ultraviolet‐visible analysis indicate that multi‐walled carbon nanotubes have good dispersion in water with the help of gum arabic. Multi‐walled carbon nanotubes suspension was spray coated on carbon fibre fabric at different concentrations (0.3 wt.%, 0.5 wt.%, 0.8 wt.% and 1.0 wt.%). The flexural strength and flexural modulus increased by 24 % and 34 % with addition of multi‐walled carbon nanotubes, respectively. Based on the flexural properties, 2‐ply carbon fibre /epoxy composites with 0.5 wt.% multi‐walled carbon nanotubes multiscale composite showed higher flexural strength and comparable flexural modulus compared with other composites laminates. Furthermore, the presence of multi‐walled carbon nanotubes in the carbon fibre composites reduced flammability of the composites by decreasing the burning rate of the composites containing high concentration of multi‐walled carbon nanotubes.
A study on evaluation of stress intensity factor (KI) andJ‐integral for 40Ni2Cr1Mo28 alloy (structural steel): analytical and finite element analysis approach
Authors: Mohan Kumar S. , Rajesh Kannan A. , Pramod R. , Siva Shanmugam N. , Dhinakaran V. , Krishnaveni A.
Published: December 2022

Defects like crack are common in engineering structures that are either material intrinsic or initiate during fabrication. The theory of fracture mechanics establishes a mechanistic relationship between the maximum allowable loads applied on a structural component to the size and location of an actual or assumed crack in the component. Linear‐elastic or complex elastic‐plastic, i. e., non‐linear models, are used to conduct the fracture analysis. Established studies show that methods of non‐linear fracture mechanics, in comparison to elastic methods, offer more accurate measures of the fracture behaviour in failed structures with high toughness and materials with low strength. In this work, an attempt is made to evaluate stress intensity factor‐KIandJ‐integral of 40Ni2Cr1Mo28 alloy (structural application steel) for various crack length‐a to width ratio‐W (a/W = 0.25, 0.375, 0.5, 0.625 and 0.75) against the applied force in the form of load under plane stress condition by elasto‐plastic finite element analysis (compact tension specimen). Non‐linearity is modeled using the inverse Ramberg‐Osgood relation. Compact tension specimen is modeled in ANSYS software and analyzed by using Finite element analysis. It is found that there is a good agreement between both finite element analysis and theoretical value with an error deviation in the range of 0 % to 6 %.
Cooling rate as a process parameter in advanced roll forming to tailor microstructure, mechanical and corrosion properties of EN AW 7075 tubes
Authors: Sajadifar S.V. , Suckow T. , Heider B. , Oechsner M. , Groche P. , Niendorf T.
Published: December 2022

The effects of solution heat treatment parameters and quench media as a processing tool for tailoring microstructure, mechanical and corrosion properties in roll forming of EN AW 7075 alloy were studied. The highest yield stress and ultimate tensile strength were obtained for the specimens quenched in water, while the air‐cooled specimens exhibited inferior mechanical properties. Microstructural analysis of specimens showed that except water‐quenched specimens, the parts cooled/quenched in oil, in direct contact with tool steel and air are characterized by coarse precipitates and precipitate‐free zones. The corrosion tests showed that the cooling rate has a pronounced influence on the corrosion resistance and related mechanism of EN AW 7075 alloy. The surfaces of specimens quenched in water remained intact although pitting corrosion took place. The microstructure of the part processed by roll forming was explored in direct comparison. It is revealed that by the employment of quenching nozzles, a high cooling rate similar to the water‐quenched condition can be achieved. Results obtained in the present study pave the way to directly tailor aluminum parts for specific applications.
Estimates of singular numbers (s$$ s $$‐numbers) and eigenvalues of a mixed elliptic‐hyperbolic type operator with parabolic degeneration
Authors: Muratbekov Mussakan , Abylayeva Akbota , Muratbekov Madi
Published: December 2022

This paper is concerned with a mixed type differential operator

which is initially defined with
, where
and
is a set of infinitely differentiable functions with compact support with respect to the variable
and satisfying the conditions:

Regarding the coefficient
, with supposition that
satisfies the condition:
is a piecewise continuous and bounded function in
. The coefficients
and
are continuous functions in
and can be unbounded at infinity. The operator
admits closure in the space
, and the closure is also denoted by
. Taking into consideration certain constraints on the coefficients

, apart from the above‐mentioned conditions, the existence of a bounded inverse operator is proved in this paper; a condition guaranteeing compactness of the resolvent kernel is found; and we also obtained two‐sided estimates for singular numbers (
‐numbers). Here, we note that the estimate of singular numbers (
‐numbers) shows the rate of approximation of the resolvent of the operator
by linear finite‐dimensional operators. It is given an example of how the obtained estimates for the
‐numbers enable to identify the estimates for the eigenvalues of the operator
. We note that the above results are apparently obtained for the first time for a mixed‐type operator in the case of an unbounded domain with rapidly oscillating and greatly growing coefficients at infinity.