bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Stress Analysis of Three Marginal Configurations of Full Posterior Crowns by Three-Dimensional Photoelasticity
Authors: Farah J.W. , Craig R.G.
Published: November 2010

A simplified method was developed by which three-dimensional composite photoelastic models were constructed. The optimum marginal configuration for the stress distribution was determined and was found to be of the chamfer type.
Effect of Experimental Removal of Molars on Gastric and Submaxillary Salivary Secretion in the Rat
Authors: Gyimesi J. , Zelles T. , Keszler P.
Published: November 2010

The absence of molars decreased HCl acid content of the stomach and histamine concentration in the gastric wall. Dry and wet weight of the submaxillary gland did not change, but the rate of secretion decreased significantly in rats without molars. A decrease in the number of afferent impulses from the oral cavity is believed to be a cause of diminished secretion.
Root Surface Measurement Using a Digital Computer
Authors: Nicholls Jack I. , Daly C.H. , Kydd W.L.
Published: November 2010

An accurate method is presented for the determination of the area of the periodontal ligament attached to teeth. This method requires the use of digitizing equipment for an accurate determination of tooth cross sections and a digital computer for final manipulation of the area calculations. The procedure is general and is not restricted to single-rooted teeth.
Strength Mechanisms of Dental Solder Joints
Authors: Lautenschlager E.P. , Marker B.C. , Moore B.K. , Wildes R.
Published: November 2010

Derivations of the triaxial state of stress and relative strain rate within the solder agree with the types of strengthening found in soft lead-tin solder butt joints. But for the dental gold casting alloys and hard gold solders tested, joint strengths were only influenced by porosity and not by size or rate of testing.
Cultivation of Periodontal Ligament Fibroblasts on Dental Implant Materials and Enzymatically Debrided Teeth
Authors: Huard T.K. , Arnold L.F. , Baram P.
Published: November 2010

Rhesus monkey periodontal ligament-derived fibroblasts were cultured on glass, Vitallium, poly(methyl methacrylate) and enzymatically debrided teeth. Scanning electron micrographs of these preparations and of the periodontal ligament surrounding normal and replanted teeth were compared. The fibroblasts cultured in vitro could organize on implant material and enzymatically debrided teeth to produce a network with fibers resembling those that are seen in the normal periodontal ligament.
Transport of 14C-Diphenylhydantoin and 14C-Leucine Through Rabbit Crevicular Epithelium
Authors: Steinberg Arnold D. , Jeffay Henry , Allen Pamela
Published: November 2010

Isolated gingival crevices of rabbits were used to quantitate the transport of14C-diphenylhydantoin and14C-leucine through noninflamed crevicular epithelium.14C uptake measured in the serum after two-hour application, indicated that both diphenylhydantoin and amino acid were transported and that at the dose levels used, more of the diphenylhydantoin was found in the blood than the amino acid. Very high levels of the drug were found in cerebral cortex while other tissues had much lower levels.
Effect of Molybdenum on the Growth and Metabolism of Veillonella parvula and Streptococcus mutans
Authors: Coulter W.A. , Russell C.
Published: November 2010

Molybdenum inhibited production of active nitrate reductase by Veillonella parvula and increased utilization of L-lactate, but had little effect on cell yield. KNO3 spared con sumption of L -lactate. Cell yield of Streptococcus mutans was increased in the presence of molybdenum, but there was no change in L -lactate production or terminal pH.
Effects of Cement Bases on the Stresses in Amalgam Restorations
Authors: Farah J.W. , Hood J.A.A. , Craig R.G.
Published: November 2010

A computerized dental model was used to study the stress induced in a Class 1 amalgam restoration when supported by bases of varying materials and thicknesses. Under the same load, the maximum tensile stresses and deftections in the amalgam restoration increased at least threefold with a zinc oxideeugenol base as compared with a ZnPO 4 cement base.
In Vivo Occlusal Forces and Moments: II. Mathematical Analysis and Recommendations for Instrumentation Specifications
Authors: Mansour Raouf M. , Reynik Robert J.
Published: November 2010

Mathematical models are derived to describe in vivo maximum occlusal force and moment data generated during mandibular terminal hinge closure for the molars and premolars and for the mandibular central incisors in the straight protrusive position. Recommendations for biting force instrumentation specifications are presented.
Radioautographic Evaluation of Changes Induced in the Rat Incisor by High-Speed Cavity Preparation
Authors: Searls James C.
Published: November 2010

Rat incisors were evaluated radioautographically for metabolic changes induced by high-speed cavity preparation. Label uptake was reduced substantially in those odontoblasts whose processes had been cut; labeling also was diminished in all other areas of the pulp, especially in that area immediately adjacent to the cavity preparation.
Surface-Chemical Studies on Chlorhexidine and Related Compounds: II. Interactions with Monomolecular-Film Systems
Authors: Fisher Richard G. , Quintana Ronald P.
Published: November 2010

Interactions of chlorhexidine and structurally related biguanides with selected monomolecular-film systems (that is, stearic acid, stearyl alcohol, and N-octadecylacetamide) were explored. The data reflected the significance of ionic associations between the compounds and stearic acid films and, in the instance of the biguanide analogs, indicated that the length of the alkyl chain was an important factor in the penetration process.
Dentifrice Detergent: Its Effect on Human Enamel
Authors: Hamilton W.J. , Judd G. , Ansell G.S.
Published: November 2010

A scanning and transmission electron microscope study has shown that human enamel specimens treated with a mild detergent solution exhibit etching of the enamel surface. The tooth surfaces subsequently show a greater susceptibility to the acid attack than samples treated with mineral acid alone. The evidence suggests that reevaluation of sodium dodecyl sulfate and similar detergents as components of commercially available dentifrice products may be necessary.
Chemical Composition of the Washed Cells of Streptococcus sanguis (804) and Streptococcus mutans (B-14)
Authors: Sharma M.L. , Newbrun E.
Published: November 2010

Washed cells of Streptococcus sanguis (804) and Streptococcus mutans (B-14) were analyzed for water, ash, protein, carbohydrate, lipid, and nucleic acid content. Lipids were analyzed by gas chromatography. Ash was subjected to elemental analysis. These data were compared with the'published values for the composition of dental plaque.
Predisposition to Caries in Hamsters Following the Erosive Effect of a Commercial Citrus Beverage Administered With and Without Supplemental Fluoride
Authors: Gedalia I. , Anaise J. , Westreich V. , Fuks A.
Published: November 2010

A study was undertaken to investigate the effect of a citrus beverage on tooth erosion and predisposition to caries in hamster molars, and to determine if a supplement of 1.9 ppm fluoride to the beverage influences these systems. Results suggest that enamel erosion is a predisposing factor. The addition of physiological fluoride protects the enamel from erosion and caries.
In Vitro Determination of the Antimicrobial Properties of Two Cyanoacrylate Preparations
Authors: Blum Gary N. , Nolte William A. , Robertson Paul B.
Published: November 2010

Isobutyl and trifluoro cyanoacrylates showed varying degrees of inhibition for Lactobacillus casei and Staphylococcus aureus when tested by the spread plate technique. Candida albicans and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were resistant. The results tend to support the view that inhibition of growth was due to the vapor effect and not the diffusibility of the cyanoacrylates.
Physical Characteristics of a New Cleaning and Polishing Agent for Use in a Prophylaxis Paste
Authors: Putt Mark S. , Kleber Carl J. , Davis Joseph A. , Schimmele Ralph G. , Muhler Joseph C.
Published: November 2010

A prophylaxis composition containing a sodium-potassium aluminum silicate abrasive system was evaluated in the laboratory in comparison with several different commercial prophylaxis pastes. The in vitro data indicate that the new composition increases enamel polish and decreases abrasion characteristics without sacrifrcing cleaning efficacy when compared with the commercial products tested.
Dentistry, Medicine, Pharmacy: Temperament, Interests, Ability, and Socioeconomic Index of Three Stable Career Groups
Authors: Wittemann Joseph K. , Schimpfhauser Frank T. , Crowley Anne
Published: November 2010

Career development literature indicates that many who enter a specific health profession may do so after actively considering one of the other health professions. From a field of 36 variables representing abilities, interests, temperament, and socioeconomic index, 16 significant variables were found that best differentiate between and among physicians, dentists, and pharmacists. These 16 served as reliable discriminators for predictive classification.
Colored Charge-Transfer Complexes from N,N-Dimethyl-p-Toluidine
Authors: Argentar H. , Bowen R.L.
Published: November 2010

Yellow mixtures form on adding essentially colorless N,N-dimethyl-p-toluidine (DMPT) to colorless methacrylate monomers containing phthalate, isophthalate, or terephthalate diester groups. The color-causing interactions between the amines and monomers were investigated using ultraviolet spectroscopy. Equations were derived for predicting interactions between formulation ingredients and DMPT that would lead to undesired color.
Prevalence of Malocclusion in Young Adults of Various Ethnic Backgrounds in Israel
Authors: Krzypow Andre B. , Lieberaian Myron A. , Modan Michaela
Published: November 2010

Among young adults there was a lack of correlation of ethnic group and sex with type of malocclusion .
Some Toxicological Aspects of Stannous Fluoride After Ingestion as a Clear, Precipitatefree Solution Compared to Sodium Fluoride
Authors: Lim James K.J. , Jensen Guy K. , King Ordie H.
Published: November 2010

Weanling rats were administered 20, 380, and 20,000 ppm F as clear precipitatefree SnF2 solutions. Equivalent ppm F as NaF solution was similarly administered for comparison. The rats were autopsied at the end of the study for histological examination of kidney, liver, and incisors. The pathognomonic manifestations were correlated with the plasma F levels.
Interruption of the Arterial Inferior Alveolar Flow and its Effects on Mandibular Collateral Circulation and Dental Tissues
Authors: Castelli W.A. , Nasjleti C.E. , Diaz-Perez R.
Published: November 2010

The interruption of circulation through the inferior alveolar artery was followed by the establishment of a fast retrograde blood flow through the vessel. The mental artery and the mandibular branch of the sublingual artery were the main vessels to contribute to that flow. No histopathologic changes were found in the experimental hemimandibles; however, temporary regressive changes were found in the dental pulps of molars.
Variations in Microbial and Biochemical Components of Four-Day Plaque During a Four-Week Controlled Diet Period
Authors: Dennis D. Adele , Gawronski Thomas H. , Sudo Sara Z. , Harris Robert S. , Folke Lars E.A.
Published: November 2010

Variation in microbial and biochemical components of human four-day plaque was studied in seven subjects who were maintained on a high-sucrose diet during a four-week period. Significant changes in populations of lactobacilli dextranase-producing organisms, Streptococcus mutans, and S sanguis occurred during this period.
Thermodynamic Solubility Product of Human Tooth Enamel: Powdered Sample
Authors: Patel P.R. , Brown W.E.
Published: November 2010

Solubility of human dental enamel in H3PO4 was studied in the pH range of 4.5 to 7.6. Thermodynamic solubility of the enamel mineral was calculated in terms of the ion activity product, (Ca2+)5(PO4 3-)3 (OH-), for hydroxyapatite. The solubility product varied from 7.2 × 10-53 to 6.4 × 10-58 mol9 liter-9 depending on the cumulative amount of the dissolution of the solid in a series of repetitive sequences of solubility experiments.
Proprioceptive Innervation of the Masticatory Muscles in Pinché
Authors: Kubota Kinziro , Masegi Toshiaki
Published: November 2010

This study of the masticatory muscles of the primate showed that the temporal muscle contained 107 muscle spindles, 45 in the horizontal portion and 62 in the vertical portion; the masseter muscle contained 70, 58 in the profundus portion and 12 in the superficial portion; the medial pterygoid muscle contained 15; the lateral pterygoid muscle contained 6; and the zygomaticomandibular muscle contained 9. The muscle spindles were located around the coronoid process and mandibular ramus.
Use of Filmed Modeling to Reduce Uncooperative Behavior of Children During Dental Treatment
Authors: Melamed Barbara G. , Hawes Roland R. , Heiby Elaine , Glick John
Published: November 2010

Sixteen inner city children attending a pedodontic clinic were shown either a filmed demonstration of a child model cooperatively undergoing dental treatment or a film unrelated to dental activity. The group viewing the modeling film showed significantly fewer disruptive behaviors during restorative care and were rated as less fearful than the control group.
Frequency of Dental Trait Anomalies in Cleft, Sibling, and Noncleft Groups
Authors: Schroeder Dawn C. , Green Larry J.
Published: November 2010

The incidence and types of dental trait anomalies found in individuals with cleft lip or cleft palate or both (cleft group), in siblings of the cleft group, and in a group of individuals without cleft lip or cleft palate (noncleft group) were compared. The cleft group had 1.02 anomalies per individual, the sibling group, 0.38; and the noncleft group, 0.17. The frequency of occurrence of thick-curved maxillary central incisors, incisal fissures, and missing teeth were significantly different among the three groups.
Analysis of Stress Patterns in the Human Mandible
Authors: Ralph James P. , Caputo Angelo A.
Published: November 2010

Replicas of a dentate human mandible were prepared in photoelastic resin material. They were positioned in a supporting frame by means of struts, representing the principal muscles of mastication. Occlusal loading was simulated, and the stresses generated within the models were examined by three-dimensional photoelastic stress analysis.
Dose-Dependent Ultrastructural Changes Induced by Tetracycline in Developing Dental Tissues of the Rat
Authors: Kruger B.J.
Published: November 2010

Tetracycline was administered to rats in varying doses in order to study the likelihood of ultrastructural alterations to ameloblasts and to study odontoblasts and dentin as well. The changes caused by tetracycline to the mineralization of dentin and the ultrastructural changes to the odontoblasts and ameloblasts increased with larger doses.
Effects of Dietary Sucrose Levels on the Quantity and Microbial Composition of Human Dental Plaque
Authors: Staat Robert H. , Gawronski Thomas H. , Cressey Dawn E. , Harris Robert S. , Folke Lars E.A.
Published: November 2010

The effects of dietary sucrose levels on the microbial composition of 4- and 12-day plaque were investigated in eight dental students. Sucrose-rich diets had no demonstrable effects on total plaque accumulation, whereas total viable microbial density, Streptococcus mutans, and the lactobacilli populations increased. The S sanguis population was unaffected. However, in individual subjects, an inverse relationship between the S sanguis and S mutans population was observed.
Electron Microscopic Structure of the Two Layers of Carious Dentin
Authors: Ohgushi Kantaro , Fusayama Takao
Published: November 2010

Two layers of carious dentin from extracted human teeth were observed with an electron microscope. The first layer, which is superficial and fuchsin-stainable, showed degenerated collagen fibers and granular or leaflike inorganic crystals irregularly scattered. The second layer, which is profound and fuchsinunstainable, showed expanded odontoblastic processes, sound collagen fibers, and apatite crystcls bound to the fibers like fringes.
Cleft Palate Induction: Quantitative Studies of 3H Corticoids in A/Jax Mouse Tissues after Maternal Injections of 3H Cortisol
Authors: Spain Kenneth M. , Kisieleski Walter , Wood Norman K.
Published: November 2010

A/Jax mice were injected with 50 μCi of 3H cortisol and 10 mg of cortisone acetate on day 12 of gestation. At various intervals after injection, the maternal liver, placenta, yolk sac, and the fetal jaws were removed and analyzed by thin-layer chromatography in conjunction with oxidative combustion and liquid scintillation counting to identify and measure the amount of labeled corticoid metabolites. The results support the thesis that these corticoids may induce clefts by an individual or combined direct action on the fetal jaws and palatal shelf tissue.
Method for the Clinical Evaluation of Enamel Polish
Authors: Sturzenberger O.P. , Beiswanger B.B. , King J.D.
Published: November 2010

Enamel polish of 600 children was scored. The method used is simple and comprises a visual comparison of the facial surfaces of incisors with a polish standard prepared by selectively polishing extracted teeth. Examiners with little experience can distinguish degrees of enamel polish. A high-polish dentifrice produced significantly greater enamel polish during the 27-month study. A "polish" with flour of pumice at the beginning of the study did not influence this enamel polish .
Analysis of Blood Cortisol Levels in Oral Surgery Patients Given Various Levels of Intravenous Medication
Authors: Bunch Fred L. , Allen Gerald D. , Jorgensen Niels B.
Published: November 2010

Blood cortisol levels of oral surgery patients were analyzed to objectively determine the effect of intravenous sedation on surgical stress. Results showed a measure of sedation but did not adequately reflect the stress of oral surgery or the changes produced by intravenous sedation.
Structure-Activity Studies on Inhibition of Streptococcus mutans by Long-Chain Aliphatic Diamines
Authors: Bass G.E. , Dillingham E.O. , Powers L.J.
Published: November 2010

A series of long-chain aliphatic diamines, R1R2N(CH2)mNR3-CnH2n+1, was tested for in vitro inhibition of Streptococcus mutans. In general, high activity was found for all analogs with alkyl chains containing 14 to 18 carbons. The nature of the substituents on the remainder of the alkylenediamine were of secondary importance. N-hydroxyethyl substituents tend to decrease activity. Good correlations of activity with quadratic functions of diamine critical micelle concentrations were obtained.
Effect of Trace Elements on Dissolution of Hydroxyapatite by Cariogenic Streptococci
Authors: Herbison Richard J. , Handelman Stanley L.
Published: November 2010

The effect of low levels of strontium, boron, lithium, molybdenum, and fluorine, alone and in combination, on hydroxyapatite solubility, bacterial growth, and acid production in five antigenic types of Streptococcus mutans was investigated.

Pour Plates containing synthetic hydroxyapatite were used to compare dissolution of hydroxyapatite. The colonies of the five antigenic types of S mutans produced zones of dissolution that were measured. Acid production and growth were studied in broth culture media. The results show that low levels of strontium and fluorine can significantly reduce demineralization of synthetic hydroxyapatite by S mutans in vitro.
An Evaluation of Bruxism Control: Massed Negative Practice and Automated Relaxation Training
Authors: Heller Robert F. , Forgione Albert G.
Published: November 2010

Behavior modification techniques of massed negative practice and relaxation training were applied to separate groups of individuals who had been diagnosed as "bruxers" by multiple criteria. When assessed by an objective index of grinding, neither technique was found to have reduced bruxism significantly. Grinding and state of anxiety scores of bruxers were significantly higher than those of nonbruxing controls. Bruxers did not differ from nonbruxers on trait anxiety measures.
Polynomial and Catenary Curve Fits to Human Dental Arches
Authors: Hasse Pepe Susan
Published: November 2010

Polynomial and catenary equations were fit by least square error methods to the dentitions of seven children with "normal" occlusion. Mean and mean square error were then used to analyze accuracy of curve fits and asymmetries of arches. A lack of congruency for the "lines of occlusion" common to the maxilla and mandible suggest that the defining anatomic landmarks are inaccurate. These analyses show that the coefficients of the sixth degree polynomial equations appear to have potential as clinical indicators of arch form and, perhaps, malocclusion.
Initiation of Cracks in Dental Amalgam
Authors: Younis Osama , Asgar Kamal , Powers John M.
Published: November 2010

The force required to initiate cracks in dental amalgam beams was measured and related to the microstructure. The force measured was dependent on age and on the distribution of phases on the tension side of the beam. The Ag-Cu phase is most resistant to failure in Dispersalloy and an experimental alloy.
Short-Term Stress-Relaxation Behavior of Nonmetallic Restoratives
Authors: Hertert Robert S. , Huget Eugene F. , De Simon Laszlo B. , Cosgrove James H.
Published: November 2010

The rheological behavior of five nonmetallic dental materials was studied. Short-term stress relaxation was found to be strongly dependent on time and temperature. Relaxation behavior of the test materials conformed well to simple mathematical models.
Lip and Tongue Pressures Related to Dental Arch and Oral Cavity Size in Australian Aborigines
Authors: Proffit William R. , Mc Glone Robert E. , Barrett Murray J.
Published: November 2010

Although the oral cavity and dental arches of the Australian aborigine are large, studies of lingual and labial pressures indicate that the tongue is neither unusually large nor strong. The Australian aborigine's pharyngeal cavity is smaller in height and depth than that of the American; just the opposite is true for the oral cavity. To the extent that environmental factors are important at all, the resting pressure of the lips, not tongue pressure during swallowing, is probably the significant determinant of dental arch dimensions.
Lingual Ascorbic Acid Test: Poor Correlation with Blood and Tissue Levels of Ascorbic Acid in Guinea Pigs
Authors: Inouye Lila , Miller Sanford A. , Alfano Michael C.
Published: November 2010

The lingual ascorbic acid test, based on the reduction and decolorization of the blue dye, 2,6-dichloroindophenol sodium, was evaluated in a group of guinea pigs conditioned to have a wide range of ascorbic acid levels in the tissues. This test did not correlate well with ascorbic acid levels in either blood or tissue.
Effects of Anti-Inflammatory Steroids on Mouse Embryonic Movements During Palatal Development
Authors: Walker Bruce E. , Quarles Joan
Published: November 2010

The frequency of spontaneous embryonic muscular movements was recorded for embryos from mice treated with cortisone or triamcinolone. Movement was significantly reduced in A/J strain mouse embryos exposed to these anti-inflammatory agents. Cleft palates induced by the drugs may originate from failure of the embryonic tongue to be withdrawn from between the palatine shelves.
Dimethacrylates Derived from Hydroxybenzoic Acids
Authors: Antonucci J.M. , Bovven R.L.
Published: November 2010

Aromatic ether-ester dimethacrylates were synthesized directly from the three isomeric hydroxybenzoic acids and 2-bromoethyl methacrylate by facale condensation reactions. The three crystalline monomers, on proper admixture, form a liquid ternary eutectic.
Collagenolytic Activity of Crevicular Fluid from Pericoronal Gingival Flaps
Authors: Golub Lorne M. , Kennett Stanley , Mcewan Helen , Curran John B. , Ramamurthy N.S.
Published: November 2010

Collagenolytic activity was seen in fluids from the mandibular pericoronal gingival flap. Based on the response of this activity to sodium thiocyanate, and on the disc gel electrophoretic pattern of the collagen breakdown products, the collagenase appeared to be of tissue rather than of bacterial origin. Moreover, this activity seemed to parallel the collagenase activity and the breakdown of collagen in the adjacent gingival tissue, and thus, may be of diagnostic importance.
Identification and Characterization of Species of the Family Bacteriodaceae by Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis
Authors: Strom Ann , Dyer J.K. , Marsh Connell , Tribble Jack L.
Published: November 2010

A method is described for identifying and characterizing microorganisms of the family Bacteroidaceae by their protein profiles. Protein profiles of six species and several strains of this family were compared using gradient polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in the slab form. The protein profiles were sufficiently distinct and reproducible to allow identification of species, subspecies, and even minor strain differences. This technique is suggested as an adjunct to the present methods of characterization and identification of these microorganisms.
Aging Changes in the Articular Disk of the Temporomandibular Joint in the Guinea Pig
Authors: Karakasis Demetrius , Tsaknakis Anastasios
Published: November 2010

The development of cartilage cells was investigated in the articular disks of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ disk) from two groups of guinea pigs age 1 month and 2 years old. There is strong evidence that the presence of chondrocytes in the TMJ disks of the older group of guinea pigs is the result of a biological aging phenomenon and is not related to pathologically induced changes.
Protection Against Harmful Effects of a Restorative Procedure Using an Acidic Cavity Cleanser
Authors: Eriksen Harald M.
Published: November 2010

The protective qualities of a Ca(OH)2-containing base used in an acid etch restorative procedure were investigated in a histological study on monkey teeth. The Ca(OH) 2-containing base prevented the harmful pulpal responses found in unlined etched cavities restored with a composite resin.
Adherence of Ceramic Coatings on Chromium-Cobalt Structures
Authors: Dunn B. , Reisbick M.H.
Published: November 2010

A method was developed that would provide attachment of a ceramic layer to Vitallium substrates. The critical step involves etching the metal by an electrochemical treatment. The corroded metal surface has a large surface area that enables the ceramic to attach to the metal structure. A mechanical bond is indicated, and the strength of adhesion is related to the amount of surface area.
Kinetics of Crystal Growth and Dissolution of Calcium and Magnesium Fluorides
Authors: Gardner G.L. , Nancollas G.H.
Published: November 2010

The crystal growth and dissolution of calcium fluoride and magnesium fluoride are controlled by a reaction at the crystal surface. The activation energy for growth and dissolution of calcium fluoride was found to be 14.5 and 17.4 kcal mole-1, respectively, and the heat of solution, obtained from separate calorimetric experiments was 2.9 ± 0.1 kcal mole-1.
Rheology of Fluoride Gels
Authors: Braden M. , Perera Ratna
Published: November 2010

Six commercial fluoride gels have been studied, using a cone and plate viscometer. Also, the thickening agents have been analyzed using infrared spectroscopy. All gels showed stress thinning, which is the decrease of viscosity with shear rate. Such shear rate dependence is clinically convenient in that the gel will flow readily at the high shear stresses present when the gel is applied but will not flow readily under its own weight when on the tooth. Five materials containing hydroxyalkyl celluloses showed similar degrees of shear thinning. One material with a non-cellulosic thickener showed much more extreme stress thinning together with elastic behavior at low shear rates; such behavior may be clinically advantageous. All of the gels showed only slight temperature dependence of rheological properties.
Preliminary Report on Effect of Topical Applications of Titanium Tetrafluoride on Dental Caries
Authors: Reed Andrew J. , Bibby Basil G.
Published: November 2010

An annual, one-minute application of a 1% solution of titanium tetrafluoride to the teeth on one side of the mouth of each of 110 children offered greater protection against caries after three years than was given to teeth on the other side of the mouth treated with a four-minute application of acid phosphate fluoride.
Delineation of Somatic Nerve Endings in Rat Teeth by Radioautography of Axon-Transported Protein
Authors: Byers Margaret R. , Kish Stephen J.
Published: November 2010

We have used radioautographic tracing to show that somatic nerves of rat molars fan out in the coronal pulp to end in an extensive subodontoblast. plexus, on coronal odontoblasts, and along their dentinal processes. Molar response dentin has sparse innervation. Incisors have only a few somatic nerve endings that occur near pulp blood vessels.
Effects of Titanium Tetrafluoride on Human Enamel
Authors: Wei S.H.Y. , Soboroff D.M. , Wefel J.S.
Published: November 2010

Extracted human third molars were treated with a solution of titanium tetrafluoride. Calcium, phosphorus and fluoride microanalysis showed a high fluoride uptake and reduced enamel solubility for the treated surfaces. Scanning electron microscope examination showed the presence of a coating that was only partially removed by treatment with perchloric acid.
Surface Failure of Commercial and Experimental Restorative Resins
Authors: Powers J.M. , Roberts J.C. , Craig R.G.
Published: November 2010

The mode of surface failure of commercial and experimental restorative resins and composites was evaluated with a single-pass sliding test. The wear of restorative resins and composites is determined by the resistance of the material to penetration and by the mode of deformation during sliding.
Thermal Diffusion Through Amalgam and Cement Bases: Comparison of In Vitro and In Vivo Measurements
Authors: Tibbetts V.R. , Schnell R.J. , Swartz M.L. , Phillips R.W.
Published: November 2010

Under both in vitro and in vivo conditions, bases of zinc oxide-eugenol, calcium hydroxide, and zinc phosphate cement reduced the rate of thermal diffusion through amalgam restorations. Thermal diffusion was slowest in the presence of zinc oxide-eugenol bases, followed by calcium hydroxide and zinc phosphate cement. However, the clinical significance of the differences is not known.
Lidocaine's Influence on Brain Amines in Mice
Authors: Ciarlone A.E. , Smudski J.W.
Published: November 2010

When convulsive doses of lidocaine hydrochloride were administered to mice that were killed seven minutes postinjection time, a depletion of central serotonin and dopamine was recorded. Serotonin depletion was 19% in the myelencephalon plus the met-encephalon and 21% in the mesencephalon plus the diencephalon. Dopamine depletion was 55% in the mesencephalon plus the diencephalon.
Reduction of Enamel Solubility by Sodium Monophosphate
Authors: Feller R.P. , Shannon I.L. , Matranga L.F. , Osborne H.W. , Perez R.S.
Published: November 2010

Acid-etched human enamel was treated with sodium monofluorophosphate solutions at differing concentrations, pH values, and temperatures and for various time periods. Conditions for optimal enamel solubility reduction are presented. Comparison of the efficacy of sodium monofluorophosphate and sodium fluoride in aqueous solutions and pastes indicated significant superiority of the former.
A Laboratory Method for Assessment of Dentrifrice Abrasivity
Authors: Hefferren John J.
Published: November 2010

This is the report of the Laboratory Abrasion Committee of the American Dental Association (ADA) Dentifrice Program relative to specific methods to measure the in vitro abrasivity of dentifrices. This method was used in two collaborative studies with six participating laboratories. These studies were designed by the ADA Dentifrice Program Statistical Committee and their interpretations form a basis for recommendations on the use of the method. This laboratory method is recommended for use in dentifrice development and may provide some basis for expectations in normal dentifrice use.
Thermocycling of Pit and Fissure Sealants
Authors: Simmons Earl Wayne , Barghi Nasser , Muscott James R.
Published: November 2010

Two commercial pit and fissure sealants were compared in vitro for thermocyclic failure. Both products failed; however, one was three times more resistant to failure than was the other.
Isoproterenol- Induced Changes in Cell Cycle Kinetics of Parotid Gland Acinar Cells in 8-Day-Old Rats
Authors: Klein Robert M. , Harrington Daniel B. , Piliero Sam J.
Published: November 2010

Isoproterenol (IPR) was shown to alter some parameters of the parotid gland acinar cell cycle in 8-year-old rats. Although the deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) synthetic period (S) was decreased and the pre-DNA synthetic (G1) period was lengthened, there were no differences in the total cycle time. There was an increase in the 3H-thymidine labeling index from 35.7 to 50.8% combined with a decrease in the value of the mitotic index from 2.64 to 2.16% after IPR was administered. The results suggest that non cycling (G0) cells may be involved in the normal differentiation of the parotid gland and that IPR alters the transition of acinar cells between the cycling and noncycling state.
Histochemical Identification of Myosinlike Substance in Cells of the Human Dental Pulp
Authors: Leonard Leon A. , Sharawy Mohamed
Published: November 2010

A histochemical technique has been used to demonstrate myosin and myosinlike substances in muscle, endothelium, cilia, and myoepithelial cells. When this technique was applied to human dental pulp, similar nzyosinlike substances were demonstrated in smooth muscle cells, fibroblasts, endothelium, and odontoblastic processes.
Enamel Silicon and Fluoride Relationships Demonstrating a Surface Silicon Effect that Facilitates Fluoride Uptake
Authors: Levy John S. , Koritzer Richard T.
Published: November 2010

The silicon and fluoride content and the effect of increased enamel silicon concentration on fluoride uptake in enamel were determined. There is an apparent linear association between silicon and fluoride in enamel. Furthermore, a I μmole increase of silicon acts to enhance topical fluoride uptake by 29 ppm.
Semiporous Reinforcing Fillers for Composite, Resins: II. Heat Treatments and Etching Characteristics
Authors: Bowen R.L. , Reed L.E.
Published: November 2010

Candidate experimental semiporous reinforcing filler particles were prepared by heat treatment of certain glass compositions, followed by crushing and etching. Optical microscopic techniques were aided by the use of certain dyes and staining procedures to manifest submicroscopic interconnected porosity in the surface of the particles. The goal of this endeavor was to develop semiporous glass reinforcing fillers for the improvement of dental composite materials.
Effects of Sodium Trimetaphosphate Supplementation of a High Sucrose Diet on the Microbial and Biochemical Composition of Four-Day Plaque and on Urine Calcium and Phosphorus Levels
Authors: Dennis D. Adele , Gawronski Thomas H. , Cressey Dawn E. , Folke Lars E.A.
Published: November 2010

The inclusion of sodium trimetaphosphate in a high sucrose diet produced a decline in the levan hydrolase activity of plaque, in populations of total viable microorganisms and streptococci, and in urine calcium levels. An increase in the fructosyltransferase activity of plaque, in populations of Veillonella and Streptococcus sanguis, and in urine phosphorus levels also occurred.
Role of Attrition and Occlusal Contact in the Physiology of the Rat Incisor: X. The Part Played by the Periodontal Ligament in the Eruptive Process
Authors: Pitaru S. , Michaeli Y. , Zajicek G. , Weinreb M.M.
Published: November 2010

Removal of the proliferating base of the rat incisor did not influence the rate of eruption which responded to changes in impediment to eruption in a fashion similar to that for control teeth. It is the periodontal ligament rather than the proliferating cells that is responsible for tooth eruption. The elements of the periodontal ligament apparently responsible for tooth movement are the mature fibroblasts.
Comparative Anatomic Study of Mandibular Growth in Rats After Bilateral Resections of Superficial Masseter, Posterior Temporal, and Anterior Digastric Muscles
Authors: Lifshitz Jacobo
Published: November 2010

Bilateral resections of the superficial masseter, posterior temporal, and anterior digastric muscles of rats were done to determine their effects on mandibular growth. The macroscopic findings support the functional matrix theory of mandibular growth. The analysis of body weight and the statistical two-way analysis of variance done suggest that malnutrition was the main factor that caused the mandibles of rats in the experimental groups to remain undersized.
Xylitol Binding in Human Dental Plaque
Authors: Mäkinen Kauko K. , Rekola Maarit
Published: November 2010

Human dental plaque and whole saliva sediment were tested for their ability to bind 14C-labeled sucrose, fructose, glucose, sorbitol, and xylitol. Sucrose, glucose, sorbitol, and fructose were bound to all materials tested, in this decreasing order. The binding was strongest with plaque given a five-second ultrasonic shock, and lowest with salivary sediment. Xylitol was only insignificantly bound, indicating that plaque microorganisms possess specific recognition sites for xylitol to a very restricted extent.
X-ray Diffraction and Calcium-Phosphorous Analysis of Irradiated Human Teeth
Authors: Zach G.A.
Published: November 2010

An investigation into the effects of radiation on extracted human teeth indicated alterations in crystallinity or calcium-phosphorus ratios.
Microprobe Analysis of a Au-Containing Alloy and its Amalgam
Authors: Mahler David B. , Adey Jerome D. , Van Eysden Jan
Published: November 2010

Microprobe and X-ray diffraction analysis of a Ag, Sn, and Au spherical alloy showed a β (Ag-Sn) and γ (Ag-Sn) structure with Au substituted for Ag and small areas of Sn-Au segregation. The γ2 Phase was not detected in amalgams made from this alloy after a short period of aging. The reaction phases were determined to be AuSn 2 and AuSn4.
Some Characteristics of Collagenase Activity in Gingival Crevicular Fluid and Its Relationship to Gingival Diseases in Humans
Authors: Golub Lorne M. , Siegel Kenneth , Ramamurthy N.S. , Mandel Irwin D.
Published: November 2010

Collagenase activity in human gingival fluid was measured using a radioactive collagen fibril assay. The activity was positively correlated with the severity of gingival disease. The fluid collagenase seemed to be controlled by α2-macroglobulin, based on its activation by NaSCN, and to be present solely in the extracellular fraction. Examination of the collagen breakdown products by acrylamide gel electrophoresis indicated that the fluid collagenase was of tissue rather than bacterial origin.
Effects of Dietary Fats on the Fatty Acid Composition of Enamel and Dentinal Lipids of Rabbit Molars
Authors: Das S.K. , Adhikary P.K. , Bhattacharyya D.K.
Published: November 2010

The fatty acid composition of enamel and dentinal lipids of the molars of rabbits fed four different fats-butter, lard, cottonseed oil, and hydrogenated cottonseed oil-was evaluated. Results indicate that the nature of dietary fats influence the fatty acid composition of lipids of both enamel and dentin.
Enhancement of the Antiplaque Value of Antibacterial Agents Through Enamel-Conditioning Methods: II. Acquisition of Antiplaque Properties by Treated Enamel
Authors: Katz Simon , Ki Chuel Park
Published: November 2010

Enamel specimens treated with systems containing enamel conditioners and antibacterial agents have previously been shown to incorporate the latter into the enamel. It has now been demonstrated that enamel blocks treated with these systems become highly resistant to bacterial colonization, that this effect is rather long lasting, and that the treated specimens prevent acid formation when incubated with Streptococcus mutans in a sugar-containing medium.
Identification of the Cultivable Bacteria in Dental Plaque from the Beagle Dog
Authors: Wunder J.A. , Briner W.W. , Calkins G.P.
Published: November 2010

Fifteen different genera of microorganisms were isolated from the 27-month-old plaque of two beagle dogs. They were as follows: Pseudomonas, Proteus, Neisseria, Escherichia, Staphylococcus, Streptococcus, Lactobacillus, Nocardia, Actinomyces, Corynebacterium, Micrococcus, Microbacterium, Brevibacterium, Arthrobacter, and Kurthia. The dog plaque was characterized by a low number of streptococci and the presence of several noncarbohydrate-fermenting organisms.
Evaluation of a Simplified Caries Index for Use by the US Army Dental Corps
Authors: Katz Ralph V. , Radi Wayne R. , Barnes George P.
Published: November 2010

The evaluation of a simplified caries index was undertaken to determine the validity and reliability of the index when applied to a military population. Although certain internal assumptions of this simplified caries index were not upheld, the index did rank order the populations by severity of caries experience when compared to the DMFS index. High interexaminer and intraexaminer reliability scores were demonstrated.
Dental Caries Experience in the Deciduous Dentition of Rural Guatemalan Children Ages 6 Months to 7 Years
Authors: Infante Peter F. , Gillespie George M.
Published: November 2010

A study of 528 Guatemalan children indicated that caries prevalence in the deciduous dentition was twice as great as but in the permanent dentition was similar to that for US white children. This is a repeated observation for children of some preindustrial societies. Caries experience was significantly greater in boys. Until 4 years of age, caries attack was greater in the anterior segment of the oral cavity; linear enamel hypoplasia was a predisposing factor.
Formation of Calcium Phosphates in Saliva and Dental Plaque
Authors: Tannenbaum Paul J. , Posner Aaron S. , Mandel Irwin D.
Published: November 2010

This is an X-ray diffraction study of the mineral phases in saliva and early dental plaque. The salivas studied came from patients with cystic fibrosis (CF), those with asthma, and heavy and light calculus formers. One-week old plaque was studied from individuals who are heavy, moderate, and light calculus formers.
Effect of Multiple Dental Floss-SnF2 Treatment on Streptococcus mutans in Interproximal Plaque
Authors: Keene H.J. , Shklair I.L. , Mickel G.J.
Published: November 2010

The effect of multiple 10% SnF2 and physiologic saline solution applications on the prevalence of Streptococcus mutans in human interproximal dental plaque was investigated. The agents were introduced into the test sites with dental floss twice daily on four consecutive days, and samples were taken on nine subsequent occasions during a six-month period. Results indicated that the SnF2-floss treatment significantly reduced S mutans from interproximal tooth surfaces.
Creep and Phase Transformation in Dental Amalgam
Authors: Espevik S.
Published: November 2010

Creep measurements were performed on different types of amalgams as a function of heat treatment after specimen preparation before testing. The types of amalgams included lathe-cut, spherical, nonpreamalgamated amalgams, and an amalgam containing Ag-Cu particles. Heat treatment significantly reduced the creep of all alloy types studied. Creep reduction was associated with the phase transformation γ1→β t (Ag-Hg), which was detected by metallographic and microprobe analysis.
Effects of Parathyroid Extract on the Rupture Strength of Intact Skin of the Rat
Authors: Little James W. , Wilson James C. , Bickley Haromon C. , Bickley Christie
Published: November 2010

Rats were injected with parathyroid extract (PTE) to search for possible effects on connective tissue of the skin. Rupture strength analysis of skin samples showed a significant increase in strength of skin from PTE-treated rats. The explanation for this effect is not understood at present.
In Vitro Strength of the Human Periodontal Ligament
Authors: Atkinson H.F. , Ralph W.J.
Published: November 2010

The tensile properties of the human periodontal ligament were studied by direct loading and compression experiments. It was found that the ligament behaved in an elastic manner up to an elastic limit after which rupture occurred. The values obtained for the tensile strength of the ligament are in general agreement with those of other workers for similar tissues.
Extracellular Dextran Hydrolase from Streptococcus mutans Strain 6715
Authors: Ellis David W. , Miller Chris H.
Published: November 2010

Streptococcus mutans strain 6715 was shown to produce an extracellular dextranase with endohydrolytic α-(1→6)-glucan-6-glucanohydrolase activity. The enzyme degraded soluble polymers produced by some oral streptococci but did not disperse the streptococcal plaques tested. Enzyme levels in the culture supernatant were elevated in sucrose and sucrose plus glucose cultures but remained at basal levels in glucose and dextran plus glucose cultures.
HL-A Histocompatibility Antigens in Recurrent Aphthous Ulceration
Authors: Dolby A.E. , Walker D.M. , Slade M. , Allan C.
Published: November 2010

The HL-A phenotype distribution in 64 patients with and 100 subjects without aphthous ulceration was determined by a microcytotoxicity test. There were no significant differences in the frequency of single or shared HL-A antigens between the two groups, or between patients with aphthous ulceration who were subdivided into groups according to disease patterns.
Comparative Distortion in Three-Unit Fixed Prostheses Joined by Laser Welding, Conventional Soldering, or Casting in One Piece
Authors: Huling John S. , Ernest Clark R.
Published: November 2010

This study was conducted to evaluate objectively the relative distortion in three-unit bridges joined by laser welding, soldering, or one-piece casting techniques, Each procedure was replicated five times. Laser welding and one-piece castings of three units were found to be significantly superior to soldering. The laser welding was most reliable.
Pore Size Measurements and Some Age-Related Changes in Human Alveolar Bone and Rat Femur
Authors: Liu Chung-Ching , Baylink David J. , Wergedal Jon E. , Allenbach Herman M. , Sipe Joe
Published: November 2010

Pore size was not changed and bone density was consistently decreased in alveolar bone from patients with periodontal disease. Bone density increased with age in normal alveolar bone, and lacunar-canalicular volume decreased with age in both normal and diseased alveolar bones. Normal rat femur showed similar age-related changes.
Lactose Synthase Activity of Galactosyltransferase from Human Parotid Saliva
Authors: Nakamura R. , Iwasaki E. , Shibata S. , Matsumura T. , Shizukuishi S. , Tsunemitsu A.
Published: November 2010

Galactosyltransferase in human parotid saliva catalyzed the transfer of galactose from uridine 5'-diphospho (UDP)-galactose to D-glucose in the presence of exogenous a-lactalbumin. Some albumins other than α-lactalbumin did not have an effect on the appearance of lactose-synthesizing activity.
Prevention of Xerostomia-Related Dental Caries in Irradiated Cancer Patients
Authors: Dreizen Samuel , Brown Lee R. , Daly Thomas E. , Drane Joe B.
Published: November 2010

Three caries preventative regimens: oral hygiene ; oral hygiene and topical fluoride; and oral hygiene, topical fluoride, and sucrose restriction were evaluated in patients with cancer given xerostomia-producing radiotherapy. The oral hygiene-fluoride gel combination was remarkably effective in protecting these high risk patients from caries, regardless of the cariogenicity of the diet.