bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Digital Ethnic Enclaves: Mate Preferences and Platform Choices Among Chinese Immigrant Online Daters in Vancouver
Authors: Cai Manlin , Qian Yue
Published: January 2023

In light of the growing racialized immigrant population in Canada and advances in dating technologies, this study examines Chinese immigrants’ partner preferences and mate selection processes through the lens of online dating. We draw on in‐depth interviews with 31 Chinese immigrants who have used online dating services in Metro Vancouver to search for different‐sex partners. Chinese immigrant online daters show strong preferences for dating Chinese. They emphasize permanent residency status and similarity in age at arrival when evaluating potential partners. Given their preferences, Chinese immigrants strategically choose the dating platforms they primarily use. Men exhibit higher selectivity in their preferences and choices of platforms. Notably, platforms catering to Chinese users create “digital ethnic enclaves” where Chinese immigrant daters congregate. The findings illuminate the intersection of race, gender, immigrant status, and age at arrival in shaping divergent experiences of mate selection and immigrant assimilation in the digital era.
DNA damage‐induced cellular senescence is regulated by 53BP1 accumulation in the nuclear foci and phase separation
Authors: Oda Tsukasa , Gotoh Nanami , Kasamatsu Tetsuhiro , Handa Hiroshi , Saitoh Takayuki , Sasaki Nobuo
Published: January 2023

Cellular senescence is linked to a wide range of age‐related diseases and can be triggered by a variety of stresses, including DNA damage. A variety of genotoxic stressors, such as anti‐cancer drugs, cause DNA double‐strand breaks (DSBs), which trigger the accumulation of the tumour suppressor protein p53 in the nucleus. Cellular stresses stabilize and activate the p53 signalling pathway, which regulates various cellular processes, such as apoptosis, DNA repair, and senescence. Although p53 signalling is a well‐known tumour suppressor pathway, it remains unclear how it is regulated during cellular senescence. Here, we show that p53‐binding protein 1 (53BP1) accumulation in the nuclear foci is required for DNA damage‐induced cellular senescence via p53 activation. In human immortalized fibroblast, shRNA‐mediated 53BP1 depletion decreased not only the expression of p53‐target genes but also the cellular senescence induced by adriamycin treatment. Furthermore, we confirmed that DSBs trigger the hyperaccumulation of 53BP1 in the nuclear foci, which plays a key role in the regulation of cellular senescence. To prevent the accumulation of 53BP1 in the nuclear foci, we used phase separation inhibitors, and siRNA against RNF168, which accumulates at DSB loci and forms complexes with 53BP1. This blocks the formation of 53BP1 nuclear foci and DNA damage‐induced cellular senescence by activating the p53 signaling pathway. In conclusion,   we demonstrated that increased accumulation of 53BP1 in the nuclear foci following DNA damage activates p53 and governs cellular senescence via a liquid–liquid phase separation mechanism.
Non‐SMC condensin I complex subunit H participates in anti‐programmed cell death‐1 resistance of clear cell renal cell carcinomas
Authors: Chen Zhi , Ruan Weiqiang , Guo Chunhao , Chen Ke , Li Le , Tian Jihua , Hu Zhiquan , Peng Dan , Zeng Xing
Published: January 2023

Non‐SMC condensin I complex subunit H (NCAPH) is reported to play an important role and be a poor prognostic factor in various cancers. However, the function and regulatory mechanism of NCAPH in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) remain unknown. The roles of NCAPH on ccRCC growth were detected in vitro and in vivo assays. The regulatory mechanism of NCAPH was explored by immunoprecipitation assay, ubiquitination assay, ChIP assay, RIP assay, luciferase reporter assay and RNA pull‐down assay. The role of NCAPH in immunoregulation also was explored by flow cytometry, T cell‐mediated tumour cell killing assay and immune‐competent mouse model. In this research, we displayed that NCAPH was upregulated in ccRCC and patients with elevated NCAPH expression had an undesirable prognosis. Functionally, NCAPH depletion restrained ccRCC growth in vitro and in vivo. The elevated NCAPH was attributed to FOXP3‐mediated transcription, FUS‐mediated transcription splicing and METTL3‐mediated m6A modification. Moreover, YTHDC1 promoted NCAPH mRNA nuclear export, and IGF2BP3 enhanced NCAPH mRNA stability in an m6A‐dependent manner. NCAPH increased PD‐L1 expression by inhibiting the degradation of β‐catenin in ccRCC cells, which further facilitated aerobic glycolysis and immune tolerance of ccRCC. Collectively, our findings display the vital function of NCAPH in ccRCC and uncover that NCAPH may be regarded as a potential therapeutic target to reverse the immune tolerance of ccRCC.
Home alone: Patterns and perceptions of solitary home alcohol consumption in an Australian convenience sample
Authors: Cook Megan , MacLean Sarah , Callinan Sarah
Published: January 2023

Introduction

In contrast with extensive literature exploring sociable alcohol use, few studies focus on drinking alone at home, even though the home is the place where the majority of drinking occurs.

Methods

We draw on survey and interview data gathered in 2018/2019 prior to the COVID‐19 pandemic, to identify prevalence and perceptions of solitary home drinking in an Australian convenience sample of heavy and light drinkers (LD).

Results

A substantial minority of survey participants identified drinking home alone, with over a quarter of heavy drinkers (27%) reporting that they only drank alone in their own home (compared to 15% of LD). In interviews, solitary home drinking was frequently constructed as signifying personal inadequacy, heavy consumption and harm. However, tensions arose through solitary home drinking bringing pleasures, such as relaxation. It was regarded as more socially acceptable for men than women and lighter home drinking patterns were viewed more positively than heavy drinking. Perceptions of what constitutes solitary home drinking varied, with some suggesting it includes drinking with others present who are not themselves drinking, and others using a more limited definition of consuming alcohol while alone in a house.

Discussion and Conclusions

While strong social sanctions against it persist, solitary home drinking can reflect a lack of opportunity to drink with others and also be associated with more harmful regular patterns of alcohol use. Increasing recognition of home drinking provides a new imperative to better understand the complex stigmatisation that frames solitary home drinking and to explore opportunities to limit associated harms.
Fall in prevalence of impaired awareness of hypoglycaemia in individuals with type 1 diabetes
Authors: Ali Namam , El Hamdaoui Soumia , Schouwenberg Bas J. , Tack Cees J. , de Galan Bastiaan E.
Published: January 2023

Aims

Impaired awareness of hypoglycaemia (IAH) has been reported to affect up to a third of people with type 1 diabetes. Whether the increased use of sensor technology has changed its prevalence remains unknown. The aim of this study was to investigate the current prevalence of IAH and its change over time in a cohort of individuals with type 1 diabetes.

Methods

IAH was assessed using the modified Clarke questionnaire in adults with type 1 diabetes. Participants were recruited from the diabetes outpatient clinic from February 2020 through April 2021. The scores were compared to similar data collected during previous assessments in 2006, 2010 and 2016 respectively.

Results

A total of 488 individuals (51.2% male) with a mean (±SD) age of 51.3 ± 15.9 years, median [Q1–Q3] diabetes duration of 30 [16–40] years and mean HbA1c of 60 ± 12 mmol/mol (7.7 ± 1.1%) were included. Sensors were used by 85% of the study population. IAH was present among 78 (16.0%) participants, whereas 86 (17.6%) participants had a history of severe hypoglycaemia. By comparison, the prevalence of IAH equalled 32.5% in 2006, 32.3% in 2010 and 30.1% in 2016 (p for trend <0.001), while the proportion of individuals reporting severe hypoglycaemia equalled 21.2%, 46.7% and 49.8% respectively (p for trend 0.010). Comparing sequential assessments over time, the proportion of individuals with persistent IAH decreased from 74.0% and 63.6% between 2006 and 2016 to 32.5% in 2020.

Conclusions

Among individuals with type 1 diabetes and high use of sensor technology, the current prevalence of IAH was 16%, about 50% lower as compared to previous years.
The decline of US manufacturing productivity between 1941 and 1948
Authors: Field Alexander J.
Published: January 2023

The view that war benefits potential output has been influential in treatments of US mobilization for the Second World War, where it has been largely premised on the benefits of learning by doing in producing military durables. If the thesis that war benefits aggregate supply is correct, it is indeed within manufacturing that we should most likely see its effects. Total factor productivity within the sector in fact fell at a rate of −1.4 per cent per year between 1941 and 1948, −3.7 per cent a year between 1941 and 1944, and −5.1 per cent a year between 1941 and 1945. The emphasis on learning by doing has obscured the negative effects of the sudden, radical, and temporary changes in the product mix, the behavioural pathologies accompanying the transition to a shortage economy, and the resource shocks inflicted on the country by the Japanese and Germans. From a long‐run perspective, the war can be seen, ironically, as the beginning of the end of US world economic dominance in manufacturing.
Inferring feeding habits of Carabidae (Coleoptera) larvae based on mandible morphology: Case studies of Lesticus magnus and Chlaenius costiger
Authors: Sasakawa Kôji
Published: January 2023

In the beetle family Carabidae, feeding habits are important life history traits that determine their role in ecosystems and suitability as bioindicators. However, they have not been elucidated for most species, especially in the larval stages. Using laboratory‐rearing experiments, this study examined the larval feeding habits of two large carabid species: Lesticus magnus (tribe Pterostichini) and Chlaenius costiger (tribe Chlaeniini). Although previous studies failed to rear these larvae on insect larva diets, the mandible morphology of the first instars described in those studies, together with subsequently obtained knowledge of the relationship between mandible morphology and feeding habits in other carabid larvae, suggests that they are earthworm feeders. Rearing experiments with three types of animal diet (insect larvae, mixed snail and slug, and earthworm diets) showed that as expected, their larvae are earthworm feeders. In L. magnus, although the larvae accepted the mixed snail and slug diet and the earthworm diet, only larvae reared on the earthworm diet reached adulthood. In C. costiger, the larvae accepted only the earthworm diet and reached adulthood. This is the first report of earthworm feeding during the larval stage for the genus Lesticus (tribe Pterostichini) and tribe Chlaeniini. The importance of these results is discussed from ecological and evolutionary perspectives.
Is the antiparasitic drug ivermectin a suitable candidate for the treatment of epilepsy?
Authors: Löscher Wolfgang
Published: January 2023

There are only a few drugs that can seriously lay claim to the title of “wonder drug,” and ivermectin, the world's first endectocide and forerunner of a completely new class of antiparasitic agents, is among them. Ivermectin, a mixture of two macrolytic lactone derivatives (avermectin B1a and B1b in a ratio of 80:20), exerts its highly potent antiparasitic effect by activating the glutamate‐gated chloride channel, which is absent in vertebrate species. However, in mammals, ivermectin activates several other Cys‐loop receptors, including the inhibitory γ‐aminobutyric acid type A and glycine receptors and the excitatory nicotinic acetylcholine receptor of brain neurons. Based on these effects on vertebrate receptors, ivermectin has recently been proposed to constitute a multifaceted wonder drug for various novel neurological indications, including alcohol use disorders, motor neuron diseases, and epilepsy. This review critically discusses the preclinical and clinical evidence of antiseizure effects of ivermectin and provides several arguments supporting that ivermectin is not a suitable candidate drug for the treatment of epilepsy. First, ivermectin penetrates the mammalian brain poorly, so it does not exert any pharmacological effects via mammalian ligand‐gated ion channels in the brain unless it is used at high, potentially toxic doses or the blood–brain barrier is functionally impaired. Second, ivermectin is not selective but activates numerous inhibitory and excitatory receptors. Third, the preclinical evidence for antiseizure effects of ivermectin is equivocal, and at least in part, median effective doses in seizure models are in the range of the median lethal dose. Fourth, the only robust clinical evidence of antiseizure effects stems from the treatment of patients with onchocerciasis, in which the reduction of seizures is due to a reduction in microfilaria densities but not a direct antiseizure effect of ivermectin. We hope that this critical analysis of available data will avert the unjustified hype associated with the recent use of ivermectin to control COVID‐19 from recurring in neurological diseases such as epilepsy.
Defund – not defend – the police: A response to Fleetwood and Lea
Authors: McElhone Megan , Kemp Tom , Lamble Sarah , Moore J.M.
Published: January 2023

We argue that defunding the police is necessary to address fundamental and systemic problems plaguing British policing. We do so in response to an article written by Fleetwood & Lea (2022), published in this journal, claiming that ‘defunding the police does not translate well to the UK’ (p.172).
Online consumer shopping behaviour: A review and research agenda
Authors: Singh Kandarp , Basu Rituparna
Published: January 2023

Over the last two decades, motivated by the continuous evolution of the technology‐driven retail environment, researchers have studied various aspects of online consumer behaviour. This article attempts to take stock of this environment to critically assess the research gaps in the domain and provide future research directions. Applying a well‐grounded systematic methodology following the TCCM (theory, context, characteristics and methodology) framework, 197 online consumer shopping behaviour articles were reviewed. The findings reveal that the application of theories remains limited in the current pool of literature that focuses more on developed nations. While studies have primarily considered categories such as apparel and grocery, in terms of methodology experimental and survey‐based studies were most common. Additionally, the article suggests some future research directions. The use of combined theories to better understand technology acceptance by consumers of online‐shopping is recommended. Similarly, studies across other categories like online experiential luxury, luxury services, or second‐hand products that then link to novel constructs reflecting issues with payment methods, online service quality, and online store atmosphere are portrayed as meaningful avenues that will advance research in the domain.
Getting a grip on Safewards: The cross impact of clinical supervision and Safewards model on clinical practice
Authors: Hamilton Jennifer , Cole Amanda , Bostwick Richard , Ngune Irene
Published: January 2023

The Safewards model is used across various mental health settings to reduce incidents of conflict and containment and its efficacy in reducing the use of seclusion and restraint, improving patients' experiences of care, and enhancing safety within clinical settings is well documented (Bowers, Journal of Psychiatric & Mental Health Nursing, 21, 2014, 499). However, there are barriers to successful implementation, including level of staff buy‐in (Baumgardt et al., Frontiers in Psychiatry, 10, 2019, 340; Price et al., Mental Health Practice, 19, 2016, 14). This mixed‐method study assessed the impact of adopting a Safewards model within a clinical supervision framework in an approach, named Group Reflective integrated Practice with Safewards (GRiP‐S), which integrates Safewards theory within the clinical supervision framework. Both quantitative and qualitative data were collected using the questions derived from the Manchester Clinical Supervision Scale −26© (Winstanley & White, The Wiley International Handbook of Clinical Supervision. John Wiley & Sons Ltd, 2014). A total of 67 surveys and eight interviews were completed by nursing staff. Overall, the results showed that the GRiP‐S approach improves the implementation of Safewards and nurses' clinical practice. Nursing staff satisfaction with clinical supervision and Safewards improved post GRiP‐S pre‐GRIP‐S‐ 69.54 (SD 16.059); post‐GRIP‐S 71.47 (SD 13.978). The survey also identified nursing staff's perception of GRiP‐S in the restorative and formative domains of clinical supervision improved. The restorative mean score pre‐GRiP‐S was 28.43 (SD 5.988) and post‐GRiP‐S 29.29 (SD 3.951). The formative mean score pre‐GRiP‐S was 20.10 (SD 5.617) and post‐GRiP‐S 20.63 (SD 13.978). The qualitative results further explained the satisfaction levels and the changes seen in perception domains. The GRiP‐S approach reported (i) improved therapeutic relationships and patient centred care, (ii) improved staff communication and teamwork, (iii) barriers to GRiP‐S engagement, and (iv) assistance with the change process. The results indicate that the GRiP‐S approach had a positive impact on Safewards delivery and supports ongoing change of practice.
Effectiveness of intervention programs aimed at improving the nursing work environment: A systematic review
Authors: Eva Gutiérrez‐Fernández , Amo‐Setién Francisco , César Leal‐Costa , Concepción Salcedo‐Sampedro , Roberto Martín‐Melón , Jesús Molina‐Mula , Carmen Ortego‐Maté
Published: January 2023

Background

The nursing work environment can be compromised due to workload, stress and many other issues. A good nursing work environment is needed to for the health and wellbeing of nurses and therefore measures are developed to improve nursing work environment.

Aim

To determine whether measures designed to improve the work environment for nursing professionals are effective.

Methodology

Online research in the Medline, Scopus, Web of Science, ERIC, CINHAL, PsycINFO, and American Doctoral Dissertations databases, along with manual search, was carried out. Primary experimental studies made up of intervention and control groups were included, with pre‐/post‐measure evaluation in the nursing team, based on the effects of the interventions. Risk of bias was calculated using the Cochrane tool.

Results

A total of 1997 studies were examined; 19 clinical trials met the inclusion criteria. A total of 1427 nurses participated in the selected studies. The fields of application of the interventions were personal and environmental. Out of the fields targeting individuals, three methodologies were identified: cognitive‐behavioral techniques, stress management, channeling anxiety and physical well‐being; and those aimed at environmental fields: aromatization and organization. The most evaluated characteristic was teamwork, and the most analyzed symptom was stress. Most of the interventions concluded with at least one significant improvement.

Conclusions

Interventions aimed at enhancing the work environment are effective ways of increasing job satisfaction. The heterogeneity of the data did not allow us to determine which intervention is the most effective. The combination, type, and duration are variables that affect efficacy.

Implication for nursing and nursing policy

This systematic review provides resources for improving the work environment that affects nursing staff, other professionals, and patients. Encouraging a healthy atmosphere leads to excellence in care and improved safety.
Dynamic of polar nanoregions and its impact on the pyroelectric and dielectric properties in paraelectric KTN materials
Authors: Meng Xiangda , Huang Xiaolin , Zhi Wenhao , Xing Bohan , Tian Hao
Published: January 2023

The origin of the excellent properties of KTN‐based materials around Curie temperature (TC), which should be originated form the motion of polar nanoregions (PNRs), has attracted considerable research interest. In this paper, the relaxation of a KTa0.63Nb0.37O3 single crystal is discussed with the temperature dependence of permittivity. Moreover, its pyroelectric effect above TC is investigated. In detail, the pyroelectric coefficient decreases from ∼110.0 to ∼13.0 μC/(m2 K), with the temperature increasing from 22 to 33°C, and finally reduces to 0 at 100°C with PNRs disappear. Moreover, the dynamic dielectric nonlinearity for the KTN single crystal is studied in the paraelectric phase. To investigate these mechanisms, the amplitude and phase angle of the first and third harmonics under various electric fields, frequencies, and temperatures are analyzed. As a result, the motions of PNRs induced by electric field, which is pinned and depinned by the defect, are presented to explain the nonlinear dielectric response observed in the paraelectric KTN single crystal.
An exploratory study on the effect of choline and folate deficiency on levels of vascularization proteins and transcription factors in first trimester trophoblast HTR‐8/SVneo cells
Authors: Engelhart Karin , Pfitzner Inka , Obeid Rima
Published: January 2023

Aims

We studied the effect of choline and folate deficiencies on levels of predetermined placental proteins during early development.

Methods

We incubated HTR‐8/SVneo cells under choline and folate deficiency conditions and measured levels of some placental proteins using ELISA methods.

Results

Concentrations of LRP2 protein in cell lysates were higher in cells incubated in choline and folate deficient media compared to the control media (mean [SD] = 2.95 [1.30] vs. 1.65 [0.27] ng/mg protein, p = 0.004). The levels of LRP2 protein in lysates of cells incubated in choline and folate deficient media were significantly higher than the concentrations in lysates of cells incubated in choline deficient but folate sufficient media (1.96 [0.28] ng/mg protein) or those incubated in choline sufficient but folate deficient media (1.77 [0.24] ng/mg protein) (p < 0.05 for both). The cellular levels of CDX2 protein were significantly higher in cells incubated in choline and folate deficient media compared to the control media (1.78 [0.60] vs. 0.99 [0.42] pg/mg protein, p = 0.002); and compared to CDX2 levels in cells incubated in choline deficient but folate sufficient media (0.87 [0.13] pg/mg protein, p < 0.001) or in choline sufficient but folate deficient media (0.96 [0.16] pg/mg protein, p < 0.001). The levels of sFLT‐1 and IGF1 in culture media and that of EOMES in HTR‐8/SVneo cell lysates remained unchanged under all deficiency conditions.

Discussion

LRP2 and CDX2 are likely to be molecular targets for early choline and folate deficiencies in human trophoblast cells. The results should be confirmed in animal models and in other models of placental cells.
All medical degrees are equal, but some are more equal than others: An analysis of medical degree classifications
Authors: Byrne Matthew H. V. , Yale Sophie E. , Glasbey Madeleine , Revell Elliot , Brown Megan E. L.
Published: January 2023

Background

Inequity in assessment can lead to differential attainment. Degree classifications, such as ‘Honours’, are an assessment outcome used to differentiate students after graduation. However, there are no standardised criteria used to determine what constitutes these awards.

Methods

We contacted all medical schools in the UK and collected data relating to classifications awarded, criteria used and percentage of students receiving classifications across the 5‐year period prior to the 2019/2020 academic year.

Results

All 42 UK medical schools responded, and 36 universities provided usable data. Of these 36 universities, 30 (83%) awarded classifications above a ‘Pass’. We identified four classifications above a ‘Pass’, and these were ‘Commendation’, ‘Merit’, ‘Distinction’ and ‘Honours’. Sixteen (44%) universities awarded a single additional classification, and 14 (39%) universities awarded two or more. There was considerable variation in the criteria used by each university to award classifications. For example, 30 (67%) out of 45 classifications were dependent on all examined years, 9 (20%) for a combination of years and 6 (13%) for final year alone. Twenty‐five of 30 universities that awarded classifications provided data on the percentage of students awarded a classification, and a median of 15% of students received any type of classification from their university (range 5.3% to 38%). There was a wide range in the percentage of students awarded each classification type across the universities (e.g. Honours, range = 3.1%–24%).

Conclusions

We demonstrate considerable variation in the way UK medical degree classifications are awarded—regarding terminology, criteria and percentage of students awarded classifications. We highlight that classifications are another form of inequity in medical education. There is a need to fully evaluate the value of hierarchical degree awards internationally as the consequential validity of these awards is understudied.
Risk factors for loss to follow‐up and outcomes after kidney donation in New Caledonian living donors
Authors: Baroux Noémie , Gilles David De Saint , Lamy Thomas , Biche Véronique , Wyburn Kate , Quirin Nicolas
Published: January 2023

Aim

For patients with end‐stage kidney disease, living‐donor kidney transplantation is the best therapy. There is a duty to ensure that the donor is followed‐up after donation on a regular and long‐term basis. Conditions may arise, such as hypertension, chronic kidney disease, metabolic conditions, and these should be identified and treated as soon as possible for the donor's own longer term wellbeing. In this retrospective cohort study, we investigated the risk of loss to follow‐up after kidney donation for living donors.

Methods

Data were collected from the unique Caledonian nephrology medical record software and a phone survey. We evaluated the association between being lost to follow up and donor recipient relationship, donor socio‐demographic characteristics, donation characteristics and care access. We performed a multivariate analysis to identify risk factors of loss to follow‐up.

Results

Among the the 86 donors included, 38 (44%) had no nephrology consultation for more than 16 months. The rate of donor follow up decreased from 81% at 2 years to 49% at 10 years after donation. In the multivariate analysis, age less than 45 years old at donation increased the risk of loss to follow up to 4.5 (95% CI 2.0–10.3) and not being a spouse increased the risk to 3.9 (95% CI 1.5–11.1).

Conclusion

To conclude, efforts should be made to improve the rate at which donors are followed up in New Caledonia with special attention to younger donors and donors without a marital link with the recipient.

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Poor sleep quality in children with atopic dermatitis and its effects on behavior: A multicentercross‐sectionalstudy from a low–middle‐incomecountry
Authors: Abdullah Asmaa’ Hazirah , Nathan Anna Marie , Jayanath Subhashini , Kwan Zhenli , Azanan Mohamad Shafiq , Hng Shih Ying , Eg Kah Peng , de Bruyne Jessie A. , Leong Kin Fon , Wee Ai Leen , Ponnuthurai Nirmala , Begum Sabeera
Published: January 2023

Background

Sleep disturbance in children with atopic dermatitis (AD) frequently goes unnoticed and can be associated with behavioral challenges. The aims of this study were to determine (a) the prevalence and factors associated with sleep disturbance and behavioral problems and (b) the correlation between sleep disturbance and behavioral problems in children with AD.

Methods

This cross‐sectional study involved children aged 4–12 years old with moderate to severe AD. Age and sex‐matched healthy children were recruited as the comparison group. The Children's Sleep Habits Questionnaire (CSHQ) and the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) were used to assess sleep disturbance and behavioral problems, respectively. Higher scores in both questionnaires signify more disturbance.

Results

Seventy patients and 141 controls were recruited. Median (interquartile range) age of patients was 5 (4,8) years. Patients had later sleep time (p < 0.001), longer night awakening (p < 0.001), and shorter sleep duration (p < 0.001) compared to controls. CSHQ total scores and all its domains, except for sleep‐disordered breathing were significantly higher in patients compared to controls. Patients also had significantly higher SDQ total difficulties scores in all domains, except for peer problems. Severity of AD was significantly associated with high CSHQ and SDQ scores. There was a moderate positive correlation between the total CSHQ score and total SDQ score in patients (r = 0.532).

Conclusions

Children with moderate‐to‐severe AD had significantly more sleep disturbance and more behavioral problems than their healthy peers. Sleep disturbance had a positive correlation with behavioral problems. Severity of AD was associated with sleep disturbance and behavioral problems.
25 years after Dolly: Update on long‐term effects of embryo biotechnologies
Authors: Chavatte‐Palmer Pascale , De Schauwer Catharina
Published: January 2023

Since the announcement of the birth of Dolly, the world's first mammal produced by cloning, it was demonstrated for the first time that somatic cells could be reprogrammed to produce a whole individual. This represented a considerable change in paradigm in the field of embryo technologies both in humans and animals which led to an intense burst of research on nuclear transfer but also on the establishment of pluripotency and the directed edition of the genome. As such, induced pluripotent cells and gene editing tools, the best known being CRISPR‐Cas9, are now available to the scientific community. Nevertheless, cloning was associated with important developmental abnormalities in a variable proportion of pregnancies, raising concern about the long‐term effects of embryo technologies at a time when the concept of the developmental origins of health and disease had emerged, together with a better understanding of the underlying epigenetic modifications. The focus of this article is to review current knowledge on long‐term effects of artificial reproduction technologies in mammals, leading to globally reassuring information although differences are present and caution remains necessary taking the current increasing number of in vitro‐produced ruminant and equine embryos into account and their potential intergenerational consequences.
Cryopreservation effect on sperm viability, mitochondrial membrane potential, acrosome integrity and sperm capacitation of alpaca spermatozoa detected by imaging flow cytometry
Authors: Santiani Alexei , Juárez Javier , Allauca Pablo , Roman Brian , Ugarelli Alejandra , Evangelista‐Vargas Shirley
Published: January 2023

Eighty‐five sperm samples were cryopreserved and SYBR14/PI, MitoTracker Deep Red FM, FITC‐PSA/PI and chlortetracycline were used for imaging flow cytometry evaluation of sperm viability, mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), acrosome integrity and sperm capacitation, respectively. Sperm motility was also registered. Sperm motility (46.1 ± 7.7 vs. 24.1% ± 6.5%), sperm viability (49.8 ± 11.5 vs. 32.3% ± 9.6%) and high MMP (49.8% ± 12.4% vs. 34.9% ± 9.9%) decreased significantly (p < .05) during cryopreservation process, in contrast to acrosome‐reacted in viable spermatozoa (1.0% ± 1.6% vs. 1.0% ± 1.0%) and sperm capacitation (10.0 ± 9.8 vs. 8.2% ± 12.4%) that were similar (p > .05) before and after cryopreservation. Positive correlations were found between sperm motility versus high MMP (r = .63), sperm motility versus sperm viability (r = .67) and sperm viability versus high MMP (r = .88). In conclusion, cryopreservation of alpaca spermatozoa is related to a decrease in sperm motility, sperm viability and high MMP, meanwhile acrosome integrity and sperm capacitation are not affected.
Rumen‐protected glucose hastens uterine involution and increases numbers of ovarian follicles in early post‐partum dairy cows
Authors: Karimi Reza , Towhidi Armin , Ganjkhanlou Mahdi , Ghasemzadeh‐Nava Hamid , Khoee Sepideh , Kastelic John
Published: January 2023

The primary objectives were to investigate the effects of feeding a new rumen‐protected glucose (RPG) on uterine involution and ovarian follicular dynamics in recently calved dairy cattle. From 4 to 30 days after calving, 16 Holsteins (first to third lactation, mean parity 1.75) were randomly assigned to be fed either a basal diet top‐dressed with either 600 g RPG (RPG group) or 600 g of the coating material and glucose (CONT group). Based on transrectal ultrasonography, conducted every 3 days starting 20 days after calving, the interval from calving to complete uterine involution was shorter in RPG versus CONT (27.1 vs. 30.4 days, p < .01). Furthermore, based on transrectal ultrasonography conducted every 2 days, cattle fed RPG had smaller (3.0–4.9 mm) ovarian follicles (2.96 vs. 0.9, p < .001) and more total follicles (5.26 vs. 2.85, p < .01). Feeding RPG had increased serum insulin concentrations (4.59 ± 0.54 vs. 3.13 ± 0.57, p < .05), but had no significant effects on serum glucose concentrations, dry matter intake or milk yield. In conclusion, we inferred that cattle fed RPG had increased glucose turnover that was responsible for higher insulin concentrations, faster uterine involution, and more ovarian follicles.
Device assessed activity behaviours in patients with indwelling pleural catheter: A sub‐study of the Australasian Malignant PLeural Effusion (AMPLE)‐2 randomized trial
Authors: Peddle‐McIntyre Carolyn J. , Muruganandan Sanjeevan , McVeigh Joanne , Fitzgerald Deirdre B. , Straker Leon , Newton Robert U. , Murray Kevin , Lee Yun Chor Gary
Published: January 2023

Background and Objective

Device‐assessed activity behaviours are a novel measure for comparing intervention outcomes in patients with malignant pleural effusion (MPE). Australasian Malignant PLeural Effusion (AMPLE)‐2 was a multi‐centre clinical trial where participants with MPE treated with an indwelling pleural catheter were randomized to daily (DD) or symptom‐guided (SGD) drainage for 60‐days. Our aim was to describe activity behaviour patterns in MPE patients, explore the impact of drainage regimen on activity behaviours and examine associations between activity behaviours and quality of life (QoL).

Methods

Following randomization to DD or SGD, participants enrolled at the lead site (Perth) completed accelerometry assessment. This was repeated monthly for 5‐months. Activity behaviour outcomes were calculated as percent of daily waking‐wear time and compared between groups (Mann–Whitney U test; Median [IQR]). Correlations between activity behaviour outcomes and QoL were examined.

Results

Forty‐one (91%) participants provided ≥1 valid accelerometry assessment (DDn = 20, SGD n = 21). Participants spent a large proportion of waking hours sedentary (72%–74% across timepoints), and very little time in moderate‐to‐vigorous physical activity (<1% across timepoints). Compared to SGD group, DD group had a more favourable sedentary‐to‐light ratio in the week following randomization (2.4 [2.0–3.4] vs. 3.2 [2.4–6.1]; p = 0.047) and at 60‐days (2.0 [1.9–2.9] vs. 2.9 [2.8–6.0]; p = 0.016). Sedentary‐to‐light ratio was correlated with multiple QoL domains at multiple timepoints.

Conclusion

Patients with MPE are largely sedentary. Preliminary results suggest that even modest differences in activity behaviours favouring the DD group could be meaningful for this clinical population. Accelerometry reflects QoL and is a useful outcome measure in MPE populations.
Inclusion of rare taxa from Blattidae and Anaplectidae improves phylogenetic resolution in the cockroach superfamily Blattoidea
Authors: Deng Wenbo , Luo Xinxing , Ho Simon Y. W. , Liao Shuran , Wang Zongqing , Che Yanli
Published: January 2023

Cockroaches are an ecologically and economically important insect group, but some fundamental aspects of their evolutionary history remain unresolved. In particular, there are outstanding questions about some of the deeper relationships among cockroach families. As a group transferred from Blaberoidea Saussure to Blattoidea Latreille, the evolutionary history of the family Anaplectidae Walker requires re‐evaluation. In our study, we infer the phylogeny of Blattoidea based on the mitochondrial genomes of 28 outgroup taxa and 67 ingroup taxa, including 25 newly sequenced blattoid species mainly from the families Anaplectidae and Blattidae Latreille. Our results indicate that Blattoidea is the sister group of the remaining Blattodea Brunner von Wattenwyl and that Blattoidea can be divided into three main clades: Blattidae + Tryonicidae McKittrick & Mackerras, Lamproblattidae McKittrick + Anaplectidae and Termitoidae Latreille + Cryptocercidae Handlirsch. Our analyses provide robust support for previously uncertain hypotheses. The sister group of Termitoidae + Cryptocercidae (Xylophagodea Engel) is inferred to constitute the rest of Blattoidea, for the first time. Within Blattidae,HebardinaBey‐Bienko is placed as the sister lineage to the rest of Blattidae. The subfamily Archiblattinae is polyphyletic, Blattinae is paraphyletic and Polyzosteriinae is monophyletic (Macrocercinae Roth not included); the genusPeriplanetaBurmrister is polyphyletic. Based on the results of our phylogenetic analyses, we have revised these taxa. A new subfamily, Hebardininaesubfam.nov., is proposed in Blattidae. Archiblattinae andShelfordellaAdelung are synonymized with Blattinae andPeriplaneta, respectively: Archiblattinae Kirbysyn.nov.andShelfordellaAdelungsyn.nov.Our inferred divergence times indicate that Blattoidea emerged in the Late Triassic, with six families in Blattoidea diverging in the Middle and Late Jurassic. We suggest that the divergences among lineages of Asian Blattidae and Anaplectidae were driven by the uplift of the Himalayas and deglaciation during the Quaternary, leading to the present‐day distributions of these taxa.
Identification of a TonB-Dependent Receptor Involved in Lanthanide Switch by the Characterization of Laboratory-Adapted Methylosinus trichosporium OB3b
Authors: Shiina Wataru , Ito Hidehiro , Kamachi Toshiaki
Published: January 2023

Lanthanides are widely used in many industrial applications, including catalysts, magnets, and polishing. Recently, lanthanide-dependent metabolism was characterized in methane-utilizing bacteria.
Trends in the Rates of Extended-Spectrum-β-Lactamase-Producing
Enterobacterales
Isolated from Urine Cultures during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Ontario, Canada
Authors: Hasan Mohammad R. , Vincent Yasmeen M. , Leto Daniela , Almohri Huda
Published: January 2023

Community-onset urinary tract infections (UTIs) caused by ESBL-producing
Enterobacterales
, particularly
E. coli
and
K. pneumoniae
, are a major public health concern. In this study, we assessed the impact of COVID-19 on ESBL rates in urine cultures in Ontario, Canada.
Analytical energy eigenvalues of a Dirac particle in focusing field of a quadrupole magnet
Authors: Kisoglu H.F.
Published: January 2023

In this study, the motion of a charged spin-1/2 fermion is found out. It is assumed, in the system, that the free fermion is subjected to a linearly space-dependent magnetic field that can be supposed to be a focusing magnetic field of a quadrupole magnet in beam dynamics in the accelerator physics. In such an examination, two-component Dirac equation is solved via perturbation approximation of the asymptotic iteration method (AIM), which has been widely used for the last decades. The results show that the fermion is bounded to the magnetic field for a certain condition of the strength of the field. For such a system, the analytical form of the energy eigenvalues are obtained. Moreover, to see whether this analytical expression works properly, the numerical eigenvalues are compared with the ones obtained by direct use of the AIM. We have an inspiration that the studies on beam dynamics and magnet design in particle accelerator physics may gain from this work.
Radial pulsations, moment of inertia and tidal deformability of dark energy stars
Authors: Pretel Juan M. Z.
Published: January 2023

We construct dark energy stars with Chaplygin-type equation of state (EoS) in the presence of anisotropic pressure within the framework of Einstein gravity. From the classification established by Iyer et al. (Class Quantum Grav 2:219, 1985), we discuss the possible existence of isotropic dark energy stars as compact objects. However, there is the possibility of constructing ultra-compact stars for sufficiently large anisotropies. We investigate the stellar stability against radial oscillations, and we also determine the moment of inertia and tidal deformability of these stars. We find that the usual static criterion for radial stability $$dM/d\rho _c >0$$

d
M
/
d

ρ
c

>
0

still holds for dark energy stars since the squared frequency of the fundamental pulsation mode vanishes at the critical central density corresponding to the maximum-mass configuration. The dependence of the tidal Love number on the anisotropy parameter $$\alpha $$
α
is also examined. We show that the surface gravitational redshift, moment of inertia and dimensionless tidal deformability undergo significant changes due to anisotropic pressure, primarily in the high-mass region. Furthermore, in light of the detection of gravitational waves GW190814, we explore the possibility of describing the secondary component of such event as a stable dark energy star in the presence of anisotropy.
Risk Factor Analysis and Prediction of Severe Hypocalcemia after Total Parathyroidectomy without Auto-Transplantation in Patients with Secondary Hyperparathyroidism
Authors: He Chenchen , Zhang Yibing , Li Longfei , Cheng Guangming , Zhang Wei , Tang Yufu , Wang Chunhui
Published: January 2023

Objective. Our study aimed to develop and validate a nomogram to predict severe hypocalcemia (SH) before total parathyroidectomy (TPTX) without auto-transplantation in patients with secondary hyperparathyroidism. Methods. A total of 299 consecutive patients who underwent TPTX without transplantation for secondary hyperparathyroidism were selected from the General Hospital of Northern Theater Command between January 2013 and December 2021. Of these, patients who underwent surgery between January 2013 and December 2020 formed the training cohort (n = 208) to develop a nomogram, and those who underwent surgery thereafter formed the validation cohort (n = 91) to validate the performance of this nomogram. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to identify the risk factors associated with SH, and then, a nomogram was constructed. Results. The incidence of postoperative SH was 27.9% and 35.2% in the training and validation cohorts, respectively. The preoperative factors associated with SH were younger age, lower serum calcium (Ca) level, higher intact parathyroid hormone (iPTH) level, and higher serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP) level. Incorporating these 4 factors, the nomogram achieved good concordance indexes of 0.866 (95%CI, 0.816–0.916) and 0.867 (95% CI, 0.793–0.941) in predicting SH in the training and validation cohorts, respectively, and had well-fitted calibration curves. The positive predictive values of the nomogram were 64.7% (54.1%–78.4%) and 75.0% (58.6%–88.5%), and negative predictive values of the nomogram were 90.0% (82.9%–93.6%) and 86.4% (73.5%–94.0%) for the training and validation cohorts, respectively. Conclusions. We developed and validated a nomogram for the prediction of SH in patients who underwent TPTX without auto-transplantation for secondary hyperparathyroidism. Our nomogram may facilitate the identification of high-risk SH in patients after TPTX and optimization of preoperative decision-making.
Hemoglobin Derived from Subarachnoid Hemorrhage-Induced Pyroptosis of Neural Stem Cells via ROS/NLRP3/GSDMD Pathway
Authors: Yue Tingting , Li Xiaojian , Chen Xiangxin , Zhu Ting , Li Wei , Wang Bin , Hang Chunhua
Published: January 2023

Accumulating evidence has demonstrated that neural stem cells (NSCs) have regenerative capacity after brain injuries, such as in aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). The reactive oxygen species (ROS)-induced NOD-like receptor thermal protein domain associated protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome triggers inflammatory responses and pyroptosis of cells; however, whether ROS-induced neuroinflammation modulates the fate of endogenous NSCs after SAH remains largely unknown. In this study, the level of IL-1β was increased in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of patients with SAH. In an endovascular perforation model of SAH in mice, the secretion of IL-1β increased to a peak at 24 h following SAH, and the expression of Caspase1 and NLRP3 was elevated in the hippocampus. Primary cultured NSCs were incubated with hemoglobin (Hb) to mimic SAH in vitro. The cell viability, LDH release, intracellular ROS levels, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and the expression of NLRP3 and pyroptosis indicators (GSDMD, ASC, and Caspase-1) in NSCs after SAH were examined to investigate the process of pyroptosis. We found that pyroptotic death featuring cellular swelling, cell membrane pore formation and elevated IL-1β was increased in cultured primary NSCs after Hb treatment, as was the expression of NLRP3, ASC, Caspase-1, and GSDMD. In addition, we found that ROS-induced pyroptosis of NSCs by activating the NLRP3/GSDMD pathway. These findings suggest that pyroptosis of NSCs induced by Hb can impede neural regeneration after SAH.
Potential Impacts of Future Climate Changes on Crop Productivity of Cereals and Legumes in Tamil Nadu, India: A Mid-Century Time Slice Approach
Authors: Geethalakshmi Vellingiri , Gowtham Ramasamy , Gopinath Radhakrishnan , Priyanka Shanmugavel , Rajavel Marimuthu , Senthilraja Kandasamy , Dhasarathan Manickam , Rengalakshmi Raj , Bhuvaneswari Kulanthaivel
Published: January 2023

Climate change is a terrible global concern and one of the greatest future threats to societal development as a whole. The accelerating pace of climate change is becoming a major challenge for agricultural production and food security everywhere. The present study uses the midcentury climate derived from the ensemble of 29 general circulation models (GCMs) on a spatial grid to quantify the anticipated climate change impacts on rice, maize, black gram, and red gram productivity over Tamil Nadu state in India under RCP 4.5 and RCP 8.5 scenarios. The future climate projections show an unequivocal increase of annual maximum temperature varying from 0.9 to 2.2°C for RCP 4.5 and 1.4 to 2.7°C in RCP 8.5 scenario by midcentury, centered around 2055 compared to baseline (1981–2020). The projected rise in minimum temperature ranges from 1.0 to 2.2°C with RCP 4.5 and 1.8 to 2.7°C under RCP 8.5 scenario. Among the monsoons, the southwest monsoon (SWM) is expected to be warmer than the northeast monsoon (NEM). Annual rainfall is predicted to increase up to 20% under RCP 4.5 scenario in two-third of the area over Tamil Nadu. Similarly, RCP 8.5 scenario indicates the possibility of an increase in rainfall in the midcentury with higher magnitude than RCP 4.5. Both SWM and NEM seasons are expected to receive higher rainfall during midcentury under RCP 4.5 and RCP 8.5 than the baseline. In the midcentury, climate change is likely to pose a negative impact on the productivity of rice, maize, black gram, and red gram with both RCP 4.5 and RCP 8.5 scenarios in most places of Tamil Nadu. The magnitude of the decline in yield of all four crops would be more with RCP 8.5 over RCP 4.5 scenario in Tamil Nadu. Future climate projections made through multi-climate model ensemble could increase the plausibility of future climate change impact assessment on crop productivity. The adverse effects of climate change on cereal and legume crop productivity entail the potential adaptation options to ensure food security.