bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
O uso de recursos educativos abertos (rea): benefícios para alunos e professores. O repositório de acesso aberto de Portugal │ Use of open educational resources (oer): benefits for students and teachers. The Portuguese open access repository
Authors: Costa Maria Teresa Ferreira
Published: March 2017

Resumo Os Recursos Educativos Abertos (REA) têm sido utilizados um pouco por todo o mundo, por Instituições de Ensino Superior, no sentido de abrir o conhecimento a todos que dele necessitam e, muitas vezes, desenvolvendo-se num objectivo de nivelador social. A sua produção assume-se como um procedimento normal por parte dos docentes visando envolver também os alunos, de forma a transformar uma determinada realidade do processo de ensino-aprendizagem numa outra com o objectivo da inclusão. A utilização de materiais pedagógicos digitais livres fornece ao professor a possibilidade de adaptação desses objetos aos mais diversos contextos de aprendizagem conforme os níveis, estilos e necessidades específicas dos alunos. A adopção dos REA, intimamente associada e decorrente do Movimento do Acesso Aberto (AA), no processo de ensino-aprendizagem permite estabelecer uma metodologia diferente, inovadora e tecnologicamente atual, potenciadora do uso das novas tecnologias de informação e comunicação (TIC).Palavras-chave Acesso Aberto, Recursos Educativos Abertos, Processo de Ensino-Aprendizagem, PortugalAbstract Open Educational Resources (OER) have been used all over the world by Universities with the purpose of sharing knowledge with those who seek it, and often developing as an objective for social issues. Its production is becoming a common procedure by teachers, in a way to both involve students and to transform a certain reality of the teaching-learning process into a more inclusive one. The use of free digital pedagogical material gives the teacher the possibility of adapting those objects to the many different contexts of the learning process, according to the students’ level, styles and specific needs. The choice for the use of OER, closely associated to the Open Access Movement (OAM), allows establishing an innovative methodology in the teaching-learning process, a technological solution that potentiates the use of the new information and communication technologies (ICT). Keywords Open Access, Open Educational Resources, teaching-learning process, Portugal
Apresentação │ Presentation
Authors: Pinheiro Lena Vania Ribeiro , Kuramoto Hélio
Published: March 2017

Novos paradigmas da comunicação científica: ampliando o debate
Estudo bibliométrico da produção científica do setor citrícola no Brasil │ Bibliometric study of scientific production in the citric sector in Brazil
Authors: Souza Cláudia Daniele
Published: March 2017

Resumo Dada a importância econômica que o setor citrícola tem no Brasil, foram utilizados indicadores bibliométricos para analisar as principais características das publicações científicas indexadas na base de dados Web of Science. Através dos indicadores de atividade, especialização temática, impacto, visibilidade e colaboração, apresentam-se os resultados publicados na década 2000-2010. Os dados demonstram um notável crescimento na produção científica, especialmente nos últimos anos, e permitem detectar as instituições mais produtivas, entre as quais se destacam as universidades paulistas. Além dos resultados obtidos, a proposta metodológica é uma das principais contribuições do estudo.Palavras-chave Bibliometria, Indicadores de produção científica, Setor citrícola brasileiro, Citricultura, Brasil.Abstract Given the economic importance that the citrus sector has in Brazil, bibliometrics indicators have been used in this work to analyze the main characteristics of papers indexed in the Web of Science database. Through activity indicators, thematic specialization, impact, visibility and collaboration, we present the results published in the decade 2000-2010. Data show a notable growth in scientific production, especially in recent years, and can detect the most productive institutions, which are the universities of São Paulo. Besides the results obtained, the proposed methodology is one of the main contributions of this study.Keywords Bibliometrics, Indicators on scientific production, Citrus industry sector, Citriculture, Brazil.
Panorama do suporte computacional às atividades de pesquisa em universidades brasileiras │ An overview of computational support for research activities in Brazilian universities
Authors: Prado Alysson , Baranauskas Maria Cecilia Calani
Published: March 2017

Resumo. A adoção crescente de ferramentas computacionais por cientistas em seus processos de trabalho é um fenômeno amplamente relatado, principalmente em publicações que propõem novos sistemas com esta finalidade. São escassos, entretanto, estudos que abordam numericamente esta tendência e a dimensão relativa ao total de pesquisas realizadas. Este artigo descreve um levantamento quantitativo do uso de computação em atividades de pesquisa em algumas universidades brasileiras. São apresentados, por área de conhecimento, os percentuais de uso de recursos computacionais em relação ao total de projetos de pesquisa e a evolução ao longo dos anos.Palavras-chave. e-ciência, teses e dissertações, universidades brasileiras, suporte computacional à ciência.Abstract. The growing adoption of computational tools by scientists in their work processes is a widely reported phenomenon, especially in publications proposing new systems for this purpose. However, studies addressing numerically this trend and the spread relative to the total surveys are less common. This article describes a quantitative survey of the use of computing in research activities of some Brazilian universities. We present, by field of knowledge, the coverage relative to the total amount of research projects as well as evolution over the years.Keywords. e-science, theses and dissertations, Brazilian universities, computational support to science.
Desbravando caminhos de navegantes do portal Canal Ciência via metrias de informação │ Discovering the paths taken by browsers on “canal ciência” via information metrics
Authors: Pinheiro Lena Vania Ribeiro , Chalhub Tania , Nisenbaum Moisés André
Published: March 2017

Resumo Análise de acesso à informação no Canal Ciência, portal de divulgação científica do IBICT, com base em dados coletados pelo Google Analytics e aplicação da Lei de Bradford ao Banco de Pesquisas Científicas. Os dados analisados correspondem a 58.938 usuários e 111.396 páginas visualizadas. Entre os temas de pesquisa mais acessados predominam aqueles presentes nos grandes debates nacionais e internacionais. Os indicadores gerados são úteis para diferentes atividades do Canal Ciência, e a aplicação da Lei de Bradford comprovou a sua validade para análises dessa natureza, ambos eficientes ferramentas de gestão da informação.Palavras-chave Divulgação científica, Canal Ciência, Metrias de informação, Lei de Bradford, Webmetria, Gestão da informação.Abstract Analysis of access to information on "Canal Ciência", Ibict’s popularization of science homepage, based on data collected by Google Analytics and Bradford’s Law application to the "Banco de Pesquisas Científicas" (Scientific Research Database). The data analyzed refer to 58,938 users and 111,396 page views. The majority of the accessed research topics show the predominance of those related to national and international debates. The indicators found are useful to diverse activities on “Canal Ciência”, and application of Bradford´s Law to this type of analysis was confirmed, being both of them efficient tools for information management.Keywords Scientific Divulgation, Canal Ciência, Information Metrics, Bradford’s Law, Webmetrics, information management.
Redes Colaborativas nos Estudos Métricos de Ciência e Tecnologia │ Collaborative Networks in Metric Studies of Science and Technology
Authors: Vanz Samile Andréa de Souza
Published: March 2017

Resumo A teoria de redes passou a ser muito utilizada pela Bibliometria e Cientometria porque auxilia na interpretação e no entendimento dos dados resultantes das pesquisas realizadas na área. O artigo aborda um breve histórico das redes comentando desde o modelo aleatório de Erdós e Rényi aos modelos mais atuais. Apresenta as medidas mais importantes para redes de coautoria, como densidade e medidas de centralidade. Descreve pesquisas empíricas aplicadas em redes de coautoria e suas descobertas, como a propriedade de conexão preferencial, o nível de agrupamento e o modelo sem escala. Conclui que o entendimento da teoria de redes é fundamental para o estudo do fenômeno da coautoria e que os pesquisadores interessados na temática devem ampliar o uso da mesma em suas pesquisas.Palavras-chave Redes de coautoria, colaboração científica. Abstract The network theory became widely used for Bibliometrics and Scientometrics because it helps in the understanding and interpretation of data resulting from these studies. This article covers a brief history of networks and comments from the random model of Erdós and Rényi to most current models. It presents the most important measures for co-author networks, such as density and centrality measures. It also describes applied empirical research on networks of co-authorship and its findings, as the preferential attachment, cluster property and scale free model. The article concludes that the understanding of the network theory is crucial to the study of the phenomenon of co-authorship and that researchers interested in the subject should expand the use of this theory in their research.Keywords Co-author network, scientific collaboration.
Apresentação │ Presentation
Authors: Leta Jacqueline , Stumpf Ida
Published: March 2017

Apresentação
Reflexões acerca dos programas de inclusão digital a partir da análise do Acessa São Paulo em assentamentos rurais │ Reflections on digital inclusion programs based on a case-study of Access São Paulo in rural settlements
Authors: Muniz Cátia Regina
Published: March 2017

Resumo A proposta deste artigo é destacar algumas reflexões realizadas sobre o programa de inclusão digital denominado Acessa SP, do governo do Estado de São Paulo, tendo por base os dados coletados em pesquisa de pós-doutorado, em dois assentamentos rurais: Haroldina, no município de Mirante do Paranapanema, e Gleba XV de Novembro, no município de Rosana. A pesquisa de campo se fundamentou na metodologia etnográfica. O resultado da pesquisa mostrou que há muitos desafios a serem enfrentados para que se atinjam as metas do programa, ou seja, promover melhoria nas condições de vida dos usuários, por meio das tecnologias.Palavras-chave inclusão digital, assentamentos rurais, Acessa SP, tecnologias, desafios.Abstract The purpose of this article is to highlight some reflections made on the digital inclusion program called Access SP, by the state government of São Paulo, based on data collected in postdoctoral research in two rural settlements: Haroldina, in the municipality of Mirante do Paranapanema, and Gleba XV Novembro, in the city of Rosana. The field research was based on ethnographic methodology. The results showed that there are many challenges to be faced for the achievement of program goals, i.e. to promote improvement in the living conditions of users through technologies.Keywords digital inclusion, rural settlements, Acessa SP, technologies, challenges.
Informação Pública e Governo Eletrônico na Assembleia Legislativa da Bahia │ Public information and electronic government
Authors: Santos José Carlos Sales dos
Published: March 2017

Resumo Com o potencial de interatividade e compartilhamento de conteúdos em rede, os governos viabilizam condições diversas de acesso a informações governamentais, prerrogativa essencial para a consolidação da transparência política no processo democrático. Neste contexto, e compreendida como órgão governamental produtor de informações públicas, a Assembleia Legislativa da Bahia – ALBA também procura disponibilizar conteúdos digitais orientados à sociedade. O artigo do presente artigo é analisar o modus operandi dos dispositivos comunicacionais utilizados para a disseminação e consecução de conteúdos informacionais públicos através do website da ALBA, engendrada nas estruturas de prestação de serviços propostas pelo Governo Eletrônico. Discutem-se os aspectos conceituais do governo eletrônico, as perspectivas e propostas focalizadas no marco legal brasileiro, para apresentar as possíveis aproximações da Assembleia com as categorias previstas no governo eletrônico. O roteiro de entrevista orientado aos responsáveis administrativos do website da ALBA, e a observação sistematizada do sítio, constituíram os principais instrumentos de coleta de dados. A conclusão evidencia que o site analisado respondeu satisfatoriamente à disponibilidade de informações relacionadas aos parlamentares, mas, no plano ‘interatividade’, a pesquisa apresentou uma relativa ineficácia administrativa para responder às demandas dos cidadãos.Palavras-chave Assembleia Legislativa da Bahia – ALBA, Governo Eletrônico, Conteúdos Informacionais Digitais, Informação Pública.Abstract As a governmental producer of public information, the Assembleia Legislativa da Bahia – ALBA offers political oriented digital content to citizens, as a prerogative to transparency of government activities. These informational digital content require consistent with the interest of the public and the audience to meet the essential conditions for the exercise of democracy. The internet booking capabilities for the production, dissemination and preservation of information produced in the public sector. From these considerations, the goal of this article is to analyze the modus operandi of the devices used for dissemination and achievement of public informational content via the website of ALBA, based on the structures to provide services proposed by Gov. Discuss conceptual aspects of e-Government, the perspectives and proposals focused on the Brazilian legal framework, to present the possible approximations of the Assembly with the categories provided for in e-Government. This article part of successful results in dissertation research developed by the author at the Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência da Informação at the Universidade Federal da Bahia – PPGCIUFBA.Keywords Assembleia Legislativa da Bahia – ALBA, Electronic Government, Digital Content Information, Public Information
A produção institucional na perspectiva arquivística - Lei de Acesso à Informação e aproximações │ Institutional production from an
Authors: Viana Gilberto Fladimar Rodrigues , Madio Telma Campanha de Carvalho
Published: March 2017

Resumo Este trabalho trata da aplicação da lei de acesso à informação, na perspectiva arquivística da produção institucional dos projetos registrados no período de 1992 a 2012, no Centro de Artes e Letras (CAL) da Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), e armazenada em suporte digital no banco de dados da instituição. Conclui-se que os efeitos da lei de acesso às informações, com relação à produção institucional da UFSM, trarão benefícios a toda a sociedade.Palavras chave Produção institucional. Arquivistica. Lei de acesso à informação. Documentos digitais. Pós-custodial.Abstract This study regards the implementation of the Law of Access to Information, from an archivistic perspective of the institutional production of recorded projects in the period 1992-2012 at the Letters and Arts Center (LAC) of the Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM) and stored on digital medium in its database. It concludes that the effects of the law of access to information, as related to the institutional production by UFSM, will bring benefits to all society.Keywords Institutional Production; Archival Science; Law of Access to Information; Digital Document; Post-Custodial.
A implantação da lei de acesso à informação pública e a gestão da informação arquivística governamental │ Access to Public Information Act: implementation and the management of government archival information
Authors: Jardim José Maria
Published: March 2017

Resumo São identificados e analisados aspectos relativos à implantação da Lei de Acesso à Informação Pública - LAI (Lei no 12.527, de 18 de novembro de 2011), considerando-se a sua regulamentação nos Poderes Executivos Federal, de 15 Estados e do Distrito Federal até 16 de junho de 2013. A natureza da informação arquivística, o seu uso social e a função dos arquivos no Estado contemporâneo são referências teóricas à análise. Os dispositivos legais regulamentadores da LAI são analisados em termos das suas categorias conceituais, especialmente do ponto de vista arquivístico. É também observada a presença/ausência das instituições arquivísticas nas diversas arquiteturas de gestão da LAI nos vários cenários de administrações públicas federal e estadual. Exceções à parte, as conexões entre as políticas públicas de acesso à informação e as políticas arquivísticas são ainda insuficientes. Conclui-se que o papel das instituições e serviços arquivísticos públicos é, na quase totalidade dos casos analisados, periférico ou inexistente nos processos de regulamentação da LAI.Palavras-chave Lei de Acesso à Informação, Acesso à Informação Governamental, Políticas Arquivísticas, Gestão de Documentos, Administração de Arquivos, Uso social da Informação.Abstract This study addresses several aspects related to the implementation of the Access to Public Information Act - LAI (Law 12.527 of November 18, 2011). The research adopted as references for analysis the regulation of LAI in the Federal Executive Branch, 15 State Governments and that of the Federal District approved up to June 16, 2013. The nature of archival information, its use and the social function of archives in the contemporary state are theoretical references. The analysis of various LAI regulations emphasized their conceptual categories related to archives. The research examined the presence or absence of archival services and institutions in the various structures of management of LAI regulations. Exceptions aside, the connections between public policies on information access and archival policies are still insufficient. This study concludesthat the role of archival institutions and services is, in almost all cases analyzed, peripheral or non-existent within the regulatory processes of LAI.Keywords Access to Public Information Act, Access to Government Information, Archival Policies, Records Managements, Archival Administration, Social Use of Information
Africa Stock Markets Cross-Market Linkages: A Time-Varying Dynamic Conditional Correlations (DCC-GARCH) Approach
Authors: Marozva Godfrey
Published: March 2017

This article investigates stock return volatility and contagion among the five African countries (Zimbabwe, South Africa, Egypt, Kenya, and Nigeria) and the United States of America for the period between 1998 and 2015. Engle (2002)’s Dynamic Conditional Correlation multivariate generalized autoregressive conditional heteroscedasticity model was adapted to explore the time-varying conditional correlations to capture the contagion behavior of these financial markets over time.  In this article the researchers observes that South African Stock returns are highly correlated to NYSE stock returns and the coefficients are significant for all periods under consideration.  Additionally, the South African stock returns are significantly negatively related to Zimbabwean stock returns.  An analysis of correlation confirms what most scholars found, that the correlations amongst markets tend to increase during the time of crises and weaken during periods of stability with an exception of Egypt whose results indicate an insignificant negative correlation during the 2007/9 crisis. It is recommended that future research in this area should focus on the potential contagion mechanisms between African countries and European countries especially looking at what transpired during and after the sovereign debt crisis.
Maximum Storm Tide Response to the Intensity of Typhoons and Bathymetric Changes along the East Coast of Taiwan
Authors: Liu Wen-Cheng , Chen Wei-Bo , Lin Lee-Yaw
Published: March 2017

A typhoon-induced storm surge is considered one of the most severe coastal disasters in Taiwan. However, the combination of the storm surge and the astronomical tide called the storm tide can actually cause extreme flooding in coastal areas. This study implemented a two-dimensional hydrodynamic model to account for the interaction between tides and storm surges on the coast of Taiwan. The model was validated with observed water levels at Sauo Fish Port, Hualien Port, and Chenggong Fish Port under different historical typhoon events. The model results are in reasonable agreement with the measured data. The validated model was then used to evaluate the effects of the typhoon's intensity, bathymetric change, and the combination of the typhoon’s intensity and bathymetric change on the maximum storm tide and its distribution along the east coast of Taiwan. The results indicated that the maximum storm tide rises to 1.92 m under a typhoon with an intensity of a 100-year return period. The maximum storm tide increased from a baseline of 1.26 m to 2.63 m for a 90% bathymetric rise at Sauo Fish Port under the conditions of Typhoon Jangmi (2008). The combination of the intensity of a typhoon with a 100-year return period and a 90% bathymetric rise will result in a maximum storm tide exceeding 4 m, 2 m, and 3 m at Sauo Fish Port, Hualien Port, and Chenggong Fish Port, respectively. We also found that the distribution of the maximum storm tide on the east coast of Taiwan can expand significantly subject to the bathymetric rise.
Chiral Optical Tamm States: Temporal Coupled-Mode Theory
Authors: Timofeev Ivan V. , Pankin Pavel S. , Vetrov Stepan Ya. , Arkhipkin Vasily G. , Lee Wei , Zyryanov Victor Ya.
Published: March 2017

The chiral optical Tamm state (COTS) is a special localized state at the interface of a handedness-preserving mirror and a structurally chiral medium such as a cholesteric liquid crystal or a chiral sculptured thin film. The spectral behavior of COTS, observed as reflection resonances, is described by the temporal coupled-mode theory. Mode coupling is different for two circular light polarizations because COTS has a helix structure replicating that of the cholesteric. The mode coupling for co-handed circularly polarized light exponentially attenuates with the cholesteric layer thickness since the COTS frequency falls into the stop band. Cross-handed circularly polarized light freely goes through the cholesteric layer and can excite COTS when reflected from the handedness-preserving mirror. The coupling in this case is proportional to anisotropy of the cholesteric and theoretically it is only anisotropy of magnetic permittivity that can ultimately cancel this coupling. These two couplings being equal results in a polarization crossover (the Kopp--Genack effect) for which a linear polarization is optimal to excite COTS. The corresponding cholesteric thickness and scattering matrix for COTS are generally described by simple expressions.
FIKIH DISABILITAS: Studi Tentang Hukum Islam Berbasis Maṡlaḥaḥ
Authors: Hadi M. Khoirul
Published: March 2017

Penelitian ini adalah penelitian yang berbasis penelitian pustaka, yang mengangkat tema disabilitas dalam kajian hukum Islam. Diskusi ini menunjukkan bahwa hukum Islam tengah menghadapi sejumlah problem kontemporer seperti ketidakadilan gender, lingkungan, terorisme dan lainnya. Artikel ini menyimpulkan satu bahwa isu disabilitas telah didiskusikan sejak lama dalam kitab fikih meskipun pembahasannya masih  samar. Kedua, tantangan formulasi fikih disabilitas dimungkinkan denggan memanfaatkan kajian maslahah dalam hukum Islam. Akomodasi ini mentasbihkkan Islam sebagai Agama Rahmatal Lil Alamin.

 

This study is a librarian research dealts with disability issues in Islamic Law (Fiqh). It shows that the Islamic law faced its contemporary problems such inequality gender, environment, terrorism and so on. This Article concluded that the books of fiqh have been discussed this issues long time ago although it has been discussed not clearly. The challenge to develop Islamic law of disability can be done by moslem scholar using maslahah concept. The concept of maṣlahah shows that Islam is a religion which bring a great concept of Rahmatal Lil Alamin.
Rebound To Test If Cost Cuts Will Last
Authors: Rassenfoss Stephen
Published: March 2017

One sign that things are getting better for US onshore exploration is the revival of talk about looming shortages and bottlenecks.

By mid-year, sand to prop open fractures and trucks to pump those jobs are expected to be in short supply. Oilfield hands are already a scarce commodity. Those are solvable problems, but at a price some companies may find uncomfortably high. 

Surveys by branches of the US Federal Reserve Bank done in the fourth quarter of 2016 said that the break-even oil price for companies in Texas and surrounding states varies widely, and is generally greater than USD 50/bbl. The survey by the bank’s Dallas branch found that nearly 60% of the 141 companies surveyed said that it would take a price from USD 55/bbl to USD 65/bbl to “substantially increase” US crude oil drilling. And that was before service costs began rising.

The smallest bar on the chart was for companies that can make money drilling when oil is USD 49/bbl or less. Some analysts publish estimates of average oil prices needed to profitably produce oil, but those averages mask a wide range of break-even levels. There are also differences among analysts on what percentage of the cost reductions made in the industry since 2014 will vaporize in the face of the double-digit service price increases that are expected this year in the unconventional services sector.

“We hear every ratio possible,” said Jackson Sandeen, a senior research analyst for Wood Mackenzie, who said the savings are 40% from more efficient operations and 60% due to service sec-tor price concessions, which will shrink. Bain & Company clients put it at 60% of sustainable efficiencies and 40% from price concessions, said Jorge Leis, a Bain partner that leads its Americas Oil & Gas Practice.

Rystad Energy said the average price needed to profitably produce oil in the US nonconventional sector has dropped by 50% since the downturn hit in late 2014, but a lot of that is based on supplier discounts. “Lower unit prices of service companies are a major reason for the drop,” said Jon Duesund, senior project manager for Rystad, during a recent briefing in Houston.
Mexico Awards Its First Deepwater Blocks; What Comes Next?
Authors: Jacobs Trent
Published: March 2017

Mexico’s historic public tender for its deepwater real estate resulted in the awarding of eight out of 10 blocks on offer. Held last December in Mexico City, the event marked the fourth and final auction of the country’s Round One, which reopened doors to foreign oil and gas investment for the first time since the country’s energy sector was nationalized almost 80 years ago.

The awarded blocks went to 13 companies whose exploration and production operations are expected to generate around USD 34 billion over the next 15 years. The winning bids also committed to drill at least eight deepwater wells.

All four blocks offered in the deep-water Perdido area were awarded, including two to Chinese Offshore Oil Corporation (CNOOC) and one to a consortium of Chevron, Pemex, and Inpex—Japan’s largest oil company. An additional four blocks in the Salina Basin were contracted to three different consortiums, including one formed by Statoil, BP, and Total.

Another block encompassing a deep-water discovery known as the Trion field was awarded as a farmout agreement between BHP Billiton and Mexico’s state-owned oil company Pemex. BHP will acquire 60% of the project’s interest under the terms of the contract, which it won through a tie-breaking offer of a USD 624 million cash bonus to Mexico’s petroleum fund. BP was the losing bidder.

Including the three previous onshore and shallow-water auctions, Mexico has awarded 39 exploration and production contracts to companies from nine foreign countries.

In a press conference following the auction, the government said it expects to receive close to 60% of the combined profits from the eight blocks and the lone farmout. Mexican officials also said they are hoping the deepwater contracts eventually will yield 900,000 B/D of crude, a volume that would help stem the country’s declining production from existing fields. Government officials added that first production from Trion might be reached within 6 years, while it is expected that the other areas will need up to a decade to be developed.

What’s Next?

According to many observers, the production potential that the deep water holds for Mexico was the chief driver behind the country’s sweeping energy reforms that became law in 2013. But now that a number of the prime blocks have been allocated, what comes next?

For the companies that have already signed offshore contracts, their next steps are likely to include the expansion of Mexico’s port facilities to accommodate the arrival of larger deepwater vessels and rigs. Some expect the small port town of Dos Bocas to become a deepwater hub because of its proximity to the southern Salina Basin blocks.
In-Service Hull Inspections for Avoiding Dry Docking Safely
Authors: Wilson Adam
Published: March 2017

This article, written by Special Publications Editor Adam Wilson, contains highlights of paper OTC 26750, “In-Service Hull Inspections for Avoiding Dry Docking Safely,” by D. Constantinis and P. Davies, EM&I Group, prepared for the 2016 Offshore Technology Conference Asia, Kuala Lumpur, 22–25 March. The paper has not been peer reviewed. Copyright 2016 Offshore Technology Conference. Reproduced by permission.

Current methods for external inspection of floating assets on station use divers or remotely operated vehicles (ROVs), but these methods incur high safety, people-on-board (POB), and cost penalties. The data produced by these methods are restricted by marine growth and limited access to isolation valves. The Hull Inspection Techniques and Strategy (HITS) joint-industry project (JIP) called for new methods to be developed that minimize or eliminate diving. This has been achieved by carrying out many of the inspections from inside the hull.

Introduction

The exploration and production of deep-water hydrocarbon reserves requires evermore-complex and high-capital-value floating assets. There are a number of key drivers required to optimize profitable operations, including managing the integrity of the topside and hull while reducing cost and POB and complying with client, corporate, and regulatory requirements.

Floating production units can be designed for 25 years or more on station, and the new-generation ultradeepwater (UDW) drilling units also need to plan their integrity-management strategies without dry docking for extended periods (Fig. 1).

These requirements have driven the development of innovative methods for inspecting, testing, and maintaining pressure systems as well as hull structures, the latter sometimes not getting the integrity attention it deserves.

The HITS JIP was formed to address these issues, with membership from regulators, oil majors, class societies, lease operators, service companies, and educational bodies representing all sectors of the industry.

The HITS JIP drew opinion from the industry and concluded that there are principally four challenges that should be addressed:

Minimizing diving operations for hull in-water inspections

Minimizing man entry for inspection of confined spaces

Developing a capability to inspect cargo oil tanks with minimal cleaning requirements

Developing competency standards for hull inspectors

The HITS JIP does not carry out any developments itself but encourages industry to develop or adapt technology to improve hull-inspection techniques and evaluates the results.

An industrywide survey concluded that the first priority should be given to minimizing diving operations for hull inspection, and, accordingly, three of the HITS member organizations cooperated in the development of an alternative method.

This paper describes the new methodology; details how it has been applied to floating production, storage, and offloading vessels (FPSOs) and UDW drillships; and presents the lessons learned through site implementation.
Design of a Floating-Liquefied-Natural-Gas System for Severe Metocean Conditions
Authors: Wilson Adam
Published: March 2017

This article, written by Special Publications Editor Adam Wilson, contains highlights of paper OTC 27074, “Design Case Study for a 4-Mt/a FLNG System for Severe Metocean Conditions,” by Robert M. Shivers III, SPE, and Richard P. Michel, LoneStar FLNG; and Norman P. Kolb, Strategy Engineering, prepared for the 2016 Offshore Technology Conference, Houston, 2–5 May. The paper has not been peer reviewed. Copyright 2016 Offshore Technology Conference. Reproduced by permission.

In the past few years, several floating-liquefied-natural-gas (FLNG) projects have become commercial. However, most FLNG systems designed to date remain complex, costly, and operationally limited to areas with benign-to-moderate metocean conditions that allow side-by-side offloading of the liquefied natural gas (LNG). This paper describes a split-process FLNG design where primary production and gas-treatment functions are provided on a host platform while liquefaction occurs on a separate vessel. The arrangement works in moderate-to-severe metocean conditions.

Introduction

Today, FLNG is generally accepted in the industry as feasible. The focus is now on technology selection, liquefaction and storage capacity, and safe operational considerations, particularly with regard to LNG offloading.

Concerns typically raised with pro-posed FLNG schemes include

Size, weight, and complexity of topside

Topside hydrocarbon inventory and effect on safety design

LNG-offloading method and sea-state limitations

Overall project cost, schedule, and uncertainty

Design for generic application and residual value

FLNG-System Configuration—Integrated Arrangement. Most FLNG concepts on the market involve an integrated FLNG vessel that incorporates all functions into a single vessel: primary processing, gas treatment,  natural-gas-liquids (NGL) fractionation, liquefaction, storage of condensate/NGL/LNG, and offloading of each product from storage. This approach leads to very large and complex purpose-built vessels.

Processing requirements for treating wellhead gas to LNG inlet quality vary considerably from field to field.

It is not practical to design a single generic topside-process scheme to deal with the range of conditions that may be encountered if the FLNG vessel has to produce two, three, or more fields over its useful life. However, once the gas is rendered suitable for liquefaction, with water, acid gas, contaminants, and heavier hydrocarbons removed, the facility requirements for liquefaction, storage, and offloading of the LNG are the same from one field to another, varying only according to capacity.
Case History: High-Pressure/High-Temperature Underbalanced Drillstem Testing
Authors: Carpenter Chris
Published: March 2017

This article, written by JPT Technology Editor Chris Carpenter, contains highlights of paper SPE 178089, “Case History: HP/HT Underbalanced Drillstem Testing, Deepwater KG Offshore,” by Mahesh Sarode and Milind Khati, Halliburton, prepared for the 2015 SPE Oil and Gas India Conference and Exhibition, Mumbai, 24–26 November. The paper has not been peer reviewed.

This paper describes the method developed to achieve underbalanced drillstem testing (DST) in a deepwater field offshore India. DST tools rated to 450°F and 15,000-psi differential pressure were configured to maintain integrity and successfully evaluate the well potential. By use of a multicycle DST tool string, the reservoir potential was tested safely and effectively with an underbalanced test fluid in two deepwater wells, achieving the desired test objectives.

Introduction

An operator in India needed to conduct high-pressure/high-temperature (HP/HT) drillstem testing on a deep-water well with low-density clear brine in the annulus. Performing DST was necessary to assess hydrocarbon potential in the deep water block for further field- development plans. The DST tools performed satisfactorily for approximately 18 days during the test on a semi-submersible rig.

The well was completed in a 6-in. hole, which resulted in a 5-in. casing program, thereby creating a significant challenge. The retrievable packer suitable for the 7-in. casing was set above the 5-in.-liner-hanger top, resulting in a tail pipe of approximately 350 m. Well killing at the end of the DST with such a long tail pipe was a challenge.

The method of operating DST tools in both underbalanced brine and kill-weight mud was developed along with a meticulously designed well-test program and a well-kill procedure with a long tail pipe below the 7-in. retrievable packer. Before lowering the DST tools, a well- integrity test was performed by conducting an inflow test for a 5-in.-liner shoe, a 5-in.-liner-hanger top, and a 7-in.-liner-hanger top. Hermetic tests were per-formed to ensure that casings sustained the required annulus pressure for operation of the DST tools.
Formation Damage: A Novel Approach in Evaluating Zonal-Productivity Loss
Authors: Carpenter Chris
Published: March 2017

This article, written by JPT Technology Editor Chris Carpenter, contains highlights of paper SPE 177533, “Formation Damage: A Novel Approach To Evaluate Zonal-Productivity Loss in Horizontal Wells,” by C.B. Maalouf, I. Baca Espinoza, S.M. Al-Jaberi, J.Y. Marrauld, and M. Amer, Abu Dhabi Marine Operating Company, prepared for the 2015 Abu Dhabi International Petroleum Exhibition and Conference, Abu Dhabi, 9–12 November. The paper has not been peer reviewed.

The paper describes a novel methodology to construct distributed formation damage across openhole wells in carbonate reservoirs and to evaluate the effects of damage on zonal productivity. This methodology improves the prediction of well productivity by identifying the contribution of various types of damage to zonal productivity. This is critical for efficient decision making concerning well-completion and field-development options, particularly at the early stages of greenfield development.

Introduction

Numerous papers have investigated near-wellbore damage caused by drilling and acid, but the majority of these studies assume a homogeneous anisotropic reservoir and a perfectly horizontal well with constant diameter. In practice, these assumptions are unrealistic, especially when dealing with multi layered carbonate reservoirs. The proposed methodology in this paper relies on more-realistic assumptions made on the basis of actual well and reservoir data.

The case presented in this study involves a horizontal openhole well drilled across a multilayered oil-wet carbonate reservoir of a greenfield, with baffles and barriers present between reservoir layers. The study evaluates the damage types experienced by the formation and their effect on productivity.

A discussion of formation damage, including the mathematical bases of the skin concept, geometrical skin, drilling-induced skin, and the productivity index (PI) of a horizontal well, is included in the complete paper.

Evaluation Methodology

On the basis of the equations provided in the complete paper, a well model was built to evaluate the PI of a horizontal well.

The proposed method requires two steps. The first step is to evaluate the well damage after drilling. To do so, a production test should be performed and bottomhole flowing pressure recorded. By analyzing the bottomhole pressure-transient behavior, the flow regime can be identified. Then, the average damage skin around the wellbore can be obtained, depending on the flow regime. Also, a production-logging-tool (PLT) acquisition should be performed across the entire drain in order to estimate zonal productivity. The model is then matched with PLT data by iteration over the damaged-zone permeability. With the distributed damage permeability per zone obtained from the model, the skin can be calculated. Here, it should be noted that the caliper data after drilling should be used to account for the geometrical skin created by drilling-induced washouts.
Removing Fines-Migration Formation Damage in the Putumayo Basin in Colombia
Authors: Carpenter Chris
Published: March 2017

This article, written by JPT Technology Editor Chris Carpenter, contains highlights of paper SPE 178996, “Removing Formation Damage From Fines Migration in the Putumayo Basin in Colombia: Challenges, Results, Lessons Learned, and New Opportunities After More Than 100 Sandstone-Acidizing Treatments,” by Wildiman Reinoso, Fredy Torres, and Manuel Aldana, Grantierra, and Pablo Campo, Emilce Alvarez, and Erika Tovar, Halliburton, prepared for the 2015 SPE International Conference and Exhibition on Formation Damage Control, Lafayette, Louisiana, USA, 24–26 February. The paper has not been peer reviewed.

To date, more than 100 sandstone-acidizing treatments have been performed in several Colombian oil fields, targeting the Villeta and Caballos Formations in the Putumayo Basin. Fines migration has been the main damage mechanism treated with this type of chemical stimulation. This paper summarizes a wide variety of sandstone-acid-stimulation case histories, highlighting aspects such as mechanical conditions and operational practices.

Introduction

The Putumayo Basin is located in south-ern Colombia. The Putumayo Basin shows a stratigraphic sequence containing Early Cretaceous (marine) to Miocene/Pliocene sediments (fluvial). Fig. 1 illustrates the location of the Putumayo Basin.

Sand Villeta Formation

The T Sand samples examined are fine-to medium-grained sandstones. They are composed primarily of quartz grains cemented primarily with quartz overgrowths and authigenic clays.  Rare-to-minor cements include solid hydro-carbon, pyrite, and dolomite. X-ray-diffraction (XRD) analyses show that all of the sandstone samples are composed primarily of quartz and clay minerals.

Feldspars are absent from all but one sample. Given that virtually all of the framework grains are quartz, with possibly minor argillaceous grains, the sand-stone is classified as quartzarenites. Scanning-electron-microscope (SEM) photographs show authigenic kaolinite filling intergranular zones and possibly replacing grains.

Caballos Formation

Samples in this formation are all sand-stones. Estimated average grain size ranges from very fine sand to medium sand. The framework grain suite is dominated by quartz. The grains are cement-ed primarily by quartz overgrowths and authigenic clays. XRD determined that all of the samples are composed primarily of quartz and clay minerals. Feld-spars are rare to absent from these sand-stones, confirming that virtually all of the framework grains are quartz and the sandstones should be classified as quartzarenites. Clay-mineral content averages 7.8%, with illite and mixed-layer illite/smectite more common than kaolinite. SEM photos show that these clays are authigenic.
Restructuring the P Index to Better Address P Management in New York
Authors: Ketterings Quirine M. , Cela Sebastian , Collick Amy S. , Crittenden Stephen J. , Czymmek Karl J.
Published: March 2017

The New York Phosphorus Index (NY‐PI) was introduced in 2001 after the release of the state's first Concentrated Animal Feeding Operation (CAFO) Permit that required a nutrient management plan developed in accordance with NRCS standards. The stakeholder‐based approach to development of the NY‐PI, combined with a requirement for all regulated farms to determine a NY‐PI score for all fields, ensured widespread adoption. While P management greatly improved over time, the initial NY‐PI overemphasized soil‐test P (STP), allowing for P addition if STP was low, even if the risk of P transport was high. Our goal was to develop a new PI approach that incentivizes implementation of best management practices (BMPs) where P‐transport risk is high, building on feedback from certified planners (survey), analysis of a planner‐supplied 33,000+ field database with NY‐PI information, and modeling of the impacts of specific BMPs on P runoff using data from a central NY CAFO farm. We propose a new NY‐PI structure that identifies landscape‐driven P‐transport risk if P is surface applied when crops are not actively growing to reach a raw PI score that is multiplied by credits (factors ≤ 1.0) for implementation of BMPs effective in reducing the risk of P transport. In this “Transport × BMP” approach, STP is used as P application cutoff. This approach could reduce barriers to regionalization of PIs, as states can identify landscape risk factors, soil‐test cutoffs, and BMPs while maintaining the same management categories (no manure, P‐removal‐based rates, or N‐based management).

Core Ideas

Stakeholder engagement is essential to develop improved Phosphorus Indices (PIs).

A “Transport × BMP”‐based PI incentivizes BMP use where risk of P transport is high.

In a “Transport × BMP”‐based PI, soil‐test P sets rate limits to enhance P balances.

A “Transport × BMP”‐based PI can reduce barriers to regionalization of PIs within watersheds.
Biochars Reduce Mine Land Soil Bioavailable Metals
Authors: Ippolito J. A. , Berry C. M. , Strawn D. G. , Novak J. M. , Levine J. , Harley A.
Published: March 2017

Biochar has been proposed as an amendment to remediate mine land soils; however, it could be advantageous and novel if feedstocks local to mine land sites were used for biochar production. Two different feedstocks (pine beetle–killed lodgepole pine [Pinus contorta] and tamarisk [Tamarix spp.]), within close proximity to mine land–affected soils, were used to create biochars to determine if they have the potential to reduce metal bioavailability. Four different mine land soils, contaminated with various amounts of Cd, Cu, Pb, and Zn, received increasing amounts of biochar (0, 5, 10, and 15% by wt). Soil pH and metal bioavailability were determined, and the European Community Bureau of Reference (BCR) sequential extraction procedure was used to identify pools responsible for potential shifts in bioavailability. Increasing biochar application rates caused increases in soil pH (initial, 3.97; final, 7.49) and 55 to 100% (i.e., no longer detectable) decreases in metal bioavailability. The BCR procedure supported the association of Cd with carbonates, Cu and Zn with oxyhydroxides and carbonates, and Pb with oxyhydroxides; these phases were likely responsible for the reduction in heavy metal bioavailability. This study proved that both of these feedstocks local to abandoned mining operations could be used to create biochars and reduce heavy metal bioavailability in mine land soils.

Core Ideas

Local feedstocks were used to create biochars used for local mine land reclamation.

Novel creation and use of biochar were used to solve a localized issue.

Biochar application caused bioavailable Cd, Cu, Zn, Pb reduction.

Metal carbonate and oxyhydroxide precipitates formed after biochar application.
Past and Future Use of Wild Relatives in Crop Breeding
Authors: Dempewolf Hannes , Baute Gregory , Anderson Justin , Kilian Benjamin , Smith Chelsea , Guarino Luigi
Published: March 2017

Wild species related to agricultural crops (crop wild relatives, or CWR) can increase the adaptive capacity of agricultural systems around the world. They represent a large pool of genetic diversity from which to draw new allelic variation required in breeding programs. Crop wild relatives have been extremely valuable in adapting crop varieties to changing disease pressures, farming practices, market demands, and climatic conditions. Unfortunately, CWR are a threatened resource and measures need to be taken to protect them, both in the wild and in genebanks. Here, we review how wild species have contributed to the development of improved crop varieties and where efforts must be concentrated to harness their value in the future. Drawing on the results of an extensive literature search, a series of 14 expert consultation meetings, and in‐depth interview with experts on 24 crops, we document the role that CWR play in modern crop breeding. We discuss (i) their past and current use, (ii) advanced breeding methods and technologies that promise to facilitate the continued use of CWR, and (iii) what constraints continue to hinder increased use of CWR in breeding.