bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Influence of cultural divergence on consumers' perception towards reconstructed products: A qualitative enquiry
Authors: Gaur Jighyasu , Gupta Ritu , Banerjee Pratyush , Amini Mehdi
Published: October 2019

The purpose of this study is to understand whether consumers from different cultures have varied perception towards reconstructed products. Cultural divergence concept provides the theoretical support for the study. Data are collected from consumers of two culturally diverse societies (India and the United States). We use grounded theory for interview and data analysis. From the data, 23 open codes and 8 axial codes for Indian consumers and 28 open codes and 8 axial codes for the American consumers are generated. The key finding of our study suggests that culture plays a decisive role in shaping consumers' perception towards reconstructed products. The other findings of our study indicate that consumers of both societies are influenced by other factors that include product‐ or process‐related factors, brand‐ or store‐related factors, and individual factors. We discuss policy level, firm level, and nonprofit or charity level implications. Finally, limitation and scope for future research are outlined.
IncobotulinumtoxinA Treatment in Upper‐Limb Poststroke Spasticity in the Open‐Label Extension Period of PURE: Efficacy in Passive Function, Caregiver Burden, and Quality of Life
Authors: Marciniak Christina , Munin Michael C. , Brashear Allison , Rubin Bruce S. , Patel Atul T. , Slawek Jaroslaw , Hanschmann Angelika , Hiersemenzel Reinhard , Elovic Elie P.
Published: October 2019

Background

Poststroke spasticity affects motor function and the ability to perform activities of daily living, with the potential to affect quality of life (QoL) and increase caregiver burden.

Objective

To investigate the effect of repeated incobotulinumtoxinA treatment on spasticity‐associated functional disability, caregiver burden, and QoL in the 36‐week open‐label extension of the phase 3 PURE study (NCT01392300).

Design

Open‐label extension period of a prospective, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled, randomized, multicenter study.

Setting

Forty‐six investigation sites in seven countries (Czech Republic, Germany, Hungary, India, Poland, Russia, United States).

Participants

Adults, aged 18‐80 years, ≥12 months since last botulinum neurotoxin injection or entirely toxin naïve, with median poststroke upper‐limb spasticity of >2 years' duration.

Methods

Participants who completed the 12‐week, double‐blind main period could enter the open‐label extension and receive up to three additional incobotulinumtoxinA treatments (fixed total dose 400 U at 12‐week intervals) into the affected muscles of one upper limb.

Main Outcome Measures

Functional disability (Disability Assessment Scale; DAS), caregiver burden (Carer Burden Scale), and quality of life (QoL; EuroQol [EQ] 5‐dimensions three‐level [EQ‐5D‐3L]).

Results

The open‐label extension included 296 treated patients. Mean DAS score for the principal target domain improved significantly from the main period baseline to the end‐of‐study visit (P < .0001). Carer Burden Scale scores also significantly improved from the main period baseline to the end‐of‐study visit (P < .05 for all caregiving activities except “applying a splint”). At the end‐of‐study visit, versus the main period baseline, 19.7%‐33.3% of patients experienced improvements for each parameter on the EQ‐5D‐3L, except “mobility,” with significant improvement in EQ‐5D visual analog scale scores (P < .001).

Conclusions

Repeated incobotulinumtoxinA treatments at 12‐week intervals in participants with chronic poststroke upper‐limb spasticity resulted in significant improvements in QoL, as well as significant reductions in upper‐limb functional disability and caregiver burden.
Rural–urban patterns of disability: The role of migration
Authors: von Reichert Christiane , Berry E. Helen
Published: October 2019

Disability rates are higher in rural than in urban areas of the United States, raising the question: do residential preferences and selective migration of people with disabilities play a role in higher rural disability rates? Utilising concepts of environmental fit from the disability literature and ideas from classic, residential preference, and household migration studies, we examine the 2011–2015 American Community Survey Public Use Microdata Sample to understand whether migration contributes to higher rural disability. Results show only slightly different propensities to stay in rural than in urban areas and similar destination choices of people with or without disability, suggesting that migration does little to explain higher rates of rural disability. However, we detect noteworthy differences in age migration schedules for persons with disability, persons without disability in households with disability, and persons without disability in households without disability. Disability emerges as a relevant, although underresearched, dimension in household migration research.
Suppression of Leakage for a Charge Qubit in Triangular Triple Quantum Dots
Authors: Chan Guo Xuan , Wang Xin
Published: October 2019

This paper presents a simple yet effective strategy to suppress the leakage in a three‐quantum‐dot charge qubit system by having the dots in a triangle as opposed to the linear geometry commonly conceived. It is found that the tunnel coupling between the two outmost dots is amplified in triangular triple dots, which consequently reduces leakage by separating the leaked state and qubit states. It has been found that the leakage can be suppressed by as much as five orders of magnitude when the dots form an equilateral triangle, with further improvement of control fidelities possible if composite pulses are applied.
Mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles for the treatment of acute respiratory distress syndrome
Authors: Abraham Aswin , Krasnodembskaya Anna
Published: October 2019

Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a serious and potentially fatal acute inflammatory lung condition which currently has no specific treatments targeting its pathophysiology. However, mesenchymal stem cells have been shown to have very promising therapeutic potential, and recently, it has been established that their effect is largely due to the transfer of extracellular vesicles (EVs). EVs have been shown to transfer a variety of substances such as mRNA, miRNA, and even organelles such as mitochondria in order to ameliorate ARDS in preclinical models. In addition, the fact that they have been proven to have the same effect as their parent cells combined with their numerous advantages over whole cell administration means that they are a promising candidate for clinical application that merits further research.

Significance statement Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are being actively explored as an alternative to whole-cell therapy. Acute respiratory distress syndrome is a devastating clinical condition with high mortality rate and no pharmacological treatment; therefore, novel therapies for this condition are critically needed. This review discusses preclinical studies where the therapeutic potential of mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) EVs was investigated in models of lung injury. Evidence suggests that MSC EVs demonstrate potent protective effects mediated through a variety of mechanisms related to the transfer of EVs cargo to the recipient cells. Further research into the mechanism of action, biodistribution, standardization, and biomanufacturing is needed to facilitate clinical translation of this exciting new cell therapy product.
TiO2@Perylene Diimide Full‐Spectrum Photocatalysts via Semi‐Core–Shell Structure
Authors: Wei Weiqin , Zhu Yongfa
Published: October 2019

A semi‐core–shell structure of perylene diimide (PDI) self‐assembly coated with TiO2 nanoparticles is constructed, in which nanoscale porous TiO2 shell is formed and PDI self‐assembly presented 1D structure. A full‐spectrum photocatalyst is obtained using this structure to resolve a conundrum—TiO2 does not exhibit visible‐light photocatalytic activity while PDI does not exhibit ultraviolet photocatalytic activity. Furthermore, the synergistic interaction between TiO2 and PDI enables the catalyst to improve its ultraviolet, visible‐light, and full‐spectrum performance. The interaction between TiO2 and PDI leads to formation of some new stacking states along the Π–Π stacking direction and, as a consequence, electron transfer from PDI to TiO2 suppresses the recombination of e−/h+ and thus improves photocatalytic performance. But the stronger interaction in the interface between TiO2 and PDI is not in favor of photocatalytic performance, which leads to rapid charge recombination due to more disordered stacking states. The study provides a theoretical direction for the study of core–shell structures with soft materials as a core, and an idea for efficient utilization of solar energy.
Bond behavior between basalt fiber‐reinforced polymer rebars and coral‐reef‐sand concrete conditioned in saline solution
Authors: Ding Lining , Shi Jianzhe , Wang Xin , Liu Ying , Jin Yundong , Wu Zhishen
Published: October 2019

This paper studies the bond behavior between basalt fiber‐reinforced polymer (BFRP) rebars and coral‐reef‐sand (CRS) concrete exposed to a saline environment. The gradation and mix proportion of CRS concrete was firstly selected, through compressive tests on CRS concrete cubes. A series of pullout tests were conducted on a total of 84 pullout specimens after conditioning in a saline solution. The experimental variables included type of rebar (steel and BFRP), diameter of BFRP rebar, conditioning duration and temperature, and type of conditioning (continuous immersion and wet–dry cycle). The stress–slip curves and bond strength of the pullout specimens were analyzed and discussed. The results show that 0.54 is selected as the water/cement ratio for CRS concrete, among the range of analyzed concrete mixes. The bond behaviors of BFRP rebars depend on their diameter. BFRP rebars with 12‐mm‐diameter have the best bond durability after conditioning in a saline solution, when compared with their counterparts with 8‐ and 16‐mm‐diameters. The effects of conditioning temperature and type of conditioning on the bond behavior of 12‐mm‐diameter BFRP rebar are negligible. A design‐oriented formula was proposed for the prediction of the development length of a BFRP rebar in CRS concrete based on the experimental data. Furthermore, modified BPE models were calibrated to describe the bond–slip relationship of BFRP rebars in CRS concrete in a saline environment.
Intensification of treatment processes for oily wastewater: Theoretical foundations for calculating the hydrodynamic characteristics of tube coalescers
Authors: Andreyev Sergey Yu. , Yakhkind Michael I.
Published: October 2019

We present the results of theoretical studies of the pressure fluid flow fundamental characteristics in tube coalescers used in the treatment processes for oily wastewater. It is shown that three different regions of flow (wall sublayer, transition sublayer, and flow kernel), having their own hydrodynamic characteristics, are formed in a cross section of the tube coalescer. In the viscous wall sublayer (of thickness δ*), viscous frictional forces exceed inertial forces (Reδ* < 1), and “creeping flow” is observed. This region borders on the transition sublayer (of thickness δ** = δ*), in which inertial forces exceed viscous frictional forces (Reδ** > 1). For both laminar and turbulent flow, distribution laws of local velocities and velocity gradients along the pipe radius are obtained in each of the three regions. In the flow kernel, the linear distribution law of velocity gradients gives a square distribution law of velocities for both types of flow, but for the turbulent flow, the correction coefficients A = β and B = 2β − 1 must be introduced.
SOPHOCLES’ BALL (FR. 781)
Authors: Panegyres Konstantine
Published: October 2019

In the interpretation of fragments the omission or neglect of even the most minute detail can lead a scholar to false conclusions or to ill-founded speculations. How careful one must be to draw out every possibility and nuance from every little piece of textual evidence can be seen in the following case. This is the text of Soph. fr. 781 (ed. Radt) as quoted by a late lexicographer (Etym. Magn. s.v. ἔγχος [313.3–4]):

ὁ δὲ Σοφοκλῆς τὴν σφαῖραν ἔγχος κέκληκεν, οἷον “τὸ δ’ ἔγχος ἐν ποσὶ κυλίνδεται”.
HEAD-FAKE: TWO JOKES IN LUCRETIUS 3.136–50
Authors: McOsker Michael
Published: October 2019

Towards the beginning of Book 3, Lucretius starts his description of the soul. According to Epicurus, the soul is divided into two, an irrational part, which is coextensive with the body, and a rational part, the ‘mind’, which is located in the chest. This position is a relic from an earlier, non–philosophical tradition, and was adopted by several different philosophers. But Alexandrian doctors would soon correctly locate the mind in the head, and later Epicureans would have to defend an increasingly uncomfortable and out-of-date position.
TWO TEXTUAL NOTES ON CICERO, DE OFFICIIS
Authors: Dyck Andrew R.
Published: October 2019

(1) 1.21:

ex quo, quia suum cuiusque fit eorum quae natura fuerant communia quod cuique obtigit, id quisque teneat; †e quo si quis† sibi appetet, uiolabit ius humanae societatis.

The base text cited is that of Winterbottom. After discussing the origin of private property, Cicero asserts that it should be maintained as distributed (id quisque teneat). Of the matter marked corrupt, e quo (sometimes written ex quo or with a letter deleted after e; see Winterbottom's apparatus criticus) is likely to be a repetition of the preceding ex quo and therefore intrusive (as Winterbottom suggested ad loc.: ‘fort. delendum’). si quis evidently requires supplementation. Müller (after marginal corrections in printings of Lambinus's edition) inserted quid after quis, but in that case one would expect a further specification (quid alienum or the like). The better candidate for the supplement after quis is perhaps plus, the reading of the two fifteenth-century Munich codices 7020 and 650 (M and S respectively), an easy error. Cf. Cic. Leg. agr. 3.13: cum plus appetat quam ipse Sulla …; Sull. 84: ut ego mihi plus appetere coner quam quantum omnes inimici inuidique patiantur.
THREE TEXTUAL NOTES ON CICERO, DE LEGE AGRARIA 2
Authors: Dyck Andrew R.
Published: October 2019

(1) 2.4:

itaque me non extrema †tribus† suffragiorum, sed primi illi uestri concursus, neque singulae uoces praeconum, sed una uox uniuersi populi Romani consulem declarauit.

Cicero narrates his election as consul. The above is the text printed by G. Manuwald, who notes that the construction of tribus is ‘odd’ and was queried by J.-L. Ferrary. She suspects that tribus ‘may be an explanatory gloss (or part of it) that entered the text’ and should therefore be deleted with Kayser. She rejects Richter's conjecture diribitio for tribus as palaeographically implausible.
Power Play: A Game Illustrating Power Transition in Authoritarian Regimes
Authors: Haynes Susan Turner
Published: October 2019

One of the most alarming trends of the past decade has been the rise in authoritarianism and the growing support of strongman politics among citizens of democratic regimes. College instructors have a unique opportunity to challenge such thinking at a time when many of their students are still forming their political beliefs. Using a game, instructors not only can show students the perils of authoritarianism, they also can potentially expand students’ appreciation of democracy. This article describes a game suitable for this purpose. Students take on the role of workers, soldiers, and rulers in a military dictatorship to learn about the “guns-and-butter tradeoff” and authoritarian uncertainty.
Disentangling the Effects of Climate, Vegetation, Soil and Related Substrate Properties on the Biodegradability of Permafrost‐Derived Dissolved Organic Carbon
Authors: Liu Futing , Kou Dan , Abbott Benjamin W. , Mao Chao , Chen Yongliang , Chen Leiyi , Yang Yuanhe
Published: October 2019

Key Points

Dissolved organic carbon (DOC) from thawed permafrost had high biodegradability, with an average of 21.7% loss over a 28‐day incubation

The biodegradability of permafrost‐derived DOC was larger than or equal to that in active‐layer across 72% of sampling sites

Spatial and vertical variations in DOC biodegradability were jointly determined by vegetation types, soil properties, and DOC composition
Finite Strain Analysis of Shear and Compressional Wave Velocities
Authors: Melinger‐Cohen Ariel , Jeanloz Raymond
Published: October 2019

Published shear‐modulus measurements for a wide variety of materials (Ar, Xe, H2, He, NaCl, H2O‐VII, MgO, stishovite, bridgmanite) show that the Eulerian (spatial) description of energy vs. strain fits both finite‐ and infinitesimal‐strain (e.g., wave velocity) elasticity data under high pressure. The Eulerian (spatial) formulations do so better than the Lagrangian (material) finite‐strain description, with differences of 1% to 60% in both P‐ and S‐wave velocities for these materials at the pressures of Earth's mantle. The results are significant in extending to shear previous findings that compressional (pressure‐volume and bulk‐modulus) measurements are also best fit using the spatial formulation. Our analysis empirically documents that a self‐consistent Eulerian finite‐strain equation of state offers a reliable means of describing the thermodynamic and elastic properties of planetary interiors.
Evaluation of Soil Thermal Conductivity Schemes for Use in Land Surface Modeling
Authors: Dai Yongjiu , Wei Nan , Yuan Hua , Zhang Shupeng , Shangguan Wei , Liu Shaofeng , Lu Xingjie , Xin Yufei
Published: October 2019

Soil thermal conductivity (STC) is an important physical parameter in modeling land surface processes. Previous studies on evaluations of STC schemes are mostly based on direct measurements of local conditions, and their recommendations cannot be used as a reference in selecting STC schemes for land modeling use. In this work, seven typical STC schemes are incorporated into the Common Land Model to evaluate their applications in land surface modeling. Statistical analyses show that the Johansen (1975) scheme and its three derivatives, Côté and Konrad (2005, https://doi.org/10.1139/t04‐106), Balland and Arp (2005, https://doi.org/10.1139/s05‐007), and Lu et al. (2007, https://doi.org/10.2136/sssaj2006.0041), are significantly superior to the other schemes with respect to both STC estimations and their applications in modeling soil temperature and the partitioning of surface available energy in the Common Land Model. The Balland and Arp (2005, https://doi.org/10.1139/s05‐007) scheme ranks at the top among the selected schemes. Uncertainty analyses based on single‐point and global simulations both show that the differences in STC estimations can induce significant differences in simulated soil temperature in arid/semiarid and seasonally frozen regions, especially at deep layers. The hydrology‐related variables are slightly affected by STC variations, but slight changes in these variables can induce notable changes in soil temperature by altering soil thermal properties. These results emphasize the important role of STC in modeling soil thermodynamics and suggest the necessity of further developing STC schemes based on land modeling applications. According to the evaluation analyses, we recommend the Balland and Arp (2005, https://doi.org/10.1139/s05‐007) scheme as a more suitable selection for use in land surface models.
Reconstructing Chemical Weathering Intensity in the Mekong River Basin Since the Last Glacial Maximum
Authors: Jiwarungrueangkul Thanakorn , Liu Zhifei , Stattegger Karl , Sang Pham Nhu
Published: October 2019

High‐resolution clay mineralogy and major element geochemistry of Core SO18383‐3 collected off the Mekong River mouth in the southern South China Sea have been investigated, aiming to reconstruct sediment provenance and chemical weathering intensity since the last glaciation. The chronology is based on foraminiferal accelerator mass spectrometry 14C dates. Clay mineral analysis suggests that the Mekong River is a major sedimentary source for the studied area. The values of chemical index of alteration (CIA) indicate moderate chemical weathering in the Mekong River basin. Smectite/(illite + chlorite) and smectite/kaolinite ratios coupled with TiO2/K2O ratio reveal the temporal variation in chemical weathering intensity in the Mekong River basin. The lower ratios around the Last Glacial Maximum (29.9–14.7 cal ka BP), the Heinrich Event 1 (~14.8 cal ka BP), the Younger Dryas interval (12.4–11.3 cal ka BP), and middle to late Holocene (7.6–1.1 cal ka BP) indicate weak chemical weathering intensity. In contrast, the higher ratios occurring during the Bølling‐Allerød period (14.7–12.7 cal ka BP) and the period of main deglaciation (14.7–7.6 cal ka BP) indicate stronger chemical weathering in the Mekong River basin. The good correlations between these proxies and the available proxy records of the East Asian summer monsoon intensity suggest that the intensity of chemical weathering in the Mekong River basin over the last 30 ka is significantly controlled by the summer monsoon. This study greatly increases our understanding of the principal forcing factor on continental weathering in the Mekong River basin since the Last Glacial Maximum.
Constraints on Trenchward Arc Migration and Backarc Magmatism in the North Patagonian Andes in the Context of Nazca Plate Rollback
Authors: Fernández Paz L. , Bechis F. , Litvak V. D. , Echaurren A. , Encinas A. , González J. , Lucassen F. , Oliveros V. , Valencia V. , Folguera A.
Published: October 2019

Geochemical and geochronological data reveal that late Oligocene‐early Miocene time is a break point in the evolution of Andean magmatism. The Patagonian Andes registered the onset of arc volcanism since the late Eocene forming part of the El Maitén Belt, whose development was driven by the subduction of the Farallon/Nazca plates beneath the Andean margin. During the Oligocene, the El Maitén Belt shows a change in the geochemical signature of its magmas from tholeiitic to calc‐alkaline compositions, reflecting a more mature stage in the magmatic arc evolution. Toward the early Miocene, a striking event is registered in Andean volcanic sequences as mafic tholeiitic lava flows of the El Maitén are interbedded with marine deposits, suggesting their development in the context of a fast subsiding regime. Geochemical analyses presented in this paper show that these rocks resemble enriched mid‐ocean ridge basalt‐like and ocean island basalt compositions, isotopically depleted, which strongly contrast with previous arc products. By this time, a global plate reorganization event had caused an increase in convergence rates, accelerated rollback, and a more orthogonal geometry of subduction, triggering widespread magmatism and the development of extensional basins in the overriding plate. Arc‐related volcanism during the early Miocene can be found only in the western slope of the Andes, suggesting the retreat of the volcanic front toward the trench. The proposed model highlights a strong linkage between the geochemical signature of magmatic products and changes in the subduction zone configuration and mantle dynamics during the evolution of the Patagonian Andes (41–44°S).
Capillary Trapping Following Imbibition in Porous Media: Microfluidic Quantification of the Impact of Pore‐Scale Surface Roughness
Authors: Mehmani Ayaz , Kelly Shaina , Torres‐Verdín Carlos , Balhoff Matthew
Published: October 2019

Due to diagenesis, pores in subsurface rocks such as sandstones exhibit varying degrees of surface roughness in the forms of authigenic cement coatings and mineral dissolution. Previous work describing capillary trapping in porous media has primarily focused on pore‐space geometry, wettability, and fluid viscosity contrast, while acknowledging, but not quantifying, the potential impact of surface roughness. We introduce a method to implement surface roughness with controlled variation of hillock density and heights into glass microfluidic chips and investigate surface roughness impacts on gas trapping following imbibition of water into air. We demonstrate that surface roughness with hillock height‐to‐pore‐depth ratios (herein called Ω) less than a media‐dependent threshold (Ω = 6%–10% in the micromodels) does not promote nonwetting phase (gas) trapping. By contrast, rougher micromodels with Ω values larger than the aforementioned roughness threshold show a dramatic increase in the saturation of trapped gas (gas saturation values up to 64%) due to an observed change in imbibition dynamics from binary filling to pendular‐ring formation within pore throats as well as capillary pinning within pore bodies. Furthermore, when the micromodel intermediate capillary number results are compared to Land's model, only the roughest microfluidics chips (Ω > 10%) fall within the literature‐described values of the characteristic trapping constant, C, implying that surface roughness is also a key gas trapping control, independent of or in addition to pore‐space geometry and wettability. An a priori menisci stability criterion and a heuristic explanation based on local contact angle variations are proposed to explain surface roughness‐induced trapping.
Correction: Synthesis of novel copper-rare earth BINOLate frameworks from a hydrogen bonding DBU-H rare earth BINOLate complex
Authors: Panetti Grace B. , Robinson Jerome R. , Carroll Patrick J. , Gau Michael R. , Manor Brian C. , Walsh Patrick J. , Schelter Eric J.
Published: October 2019

Correction for ‘Synthesis of novel copper-rare earth BINOLate frameworks from a hydrogen bonding DBU-H rare earth BINOLate complex’ by Grace B. Panetti, et al., Dalton Trans., 2018, 47, 14408–14410.
Anti-fatigue effect of anwulignanviathe NRF2 and PGC-1α signaling pathway in mice
Authors: Zhang Xinyun , Jing Shu , Lin Huijiao , Sun Wei , Jiang Weihai , Yu Chunyan , Sun Jinghui , Wang Chunmei , Chen Jianguang , Li He
Published: October 2019

To examine the anti-fatigue function of anwulignan from Schisandra and its underlying mechanism.
The effects of OLL1073R-1 yogurt intake on influenza incidence and immunological markers among women healthcare workers: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Kinoshita Tetsu , Maruyama Koutatsu , Suyama Keiko , Nishijima Mariko , Akamatsu Kimiko , Jogamoto Akiko , Katakami Kikumi , Saito Isao
Published: October 2019

This randomized controlled trial did not show the effects of OLL1073R-1 yogurt intake on influenza prevention and NK cell activity enhancement. However, a significant increase in IFN-γ production was demonstrated.
Metal-free oxidative acylation/cyclization of N-methacryloyl-2-phenylbenzoimidazole with aryl aldehydes: an easy access to benzimidazo[2,1-a]isoquinolin-6(5H)-ones
Authors: Boora Ramesh , kumar G. Ravi , Subba Reddy B. V.
Published: October 2019

A metal-free radical cyclization strategy has been developed for the synthesis of fused benzimidazo[2,1-a]isoquinolin-6(5H)-one derivatives using 70% tert-butylhydroperoxide in water (TBHP).
3-Nitro-3,4-dihydrocoumarins: valuable precursors for the synthesis of enantiomerically enriched masked quaternary α-amino acid derivatives with a 3,4-dihydrocoumarin scaffold
Authors: Lv Dan , Zhao Min , Wang Youming , Zhou Zhenghong
Published: October 2019

A bifunctional squaramide catalysed asymmetric [4 + 2] cyclization has been developed, which provides an efficient approach for the synthesis of novel chiral masked quaternary α-amino acid derivatives with a 3,4-dihydrocoumarin scaffold.
Substrate templated synthesis of single-phase and uniform Zr-porphyrin-based metal–organic frameworks
Authors: Hong Seong Won , Paik Ju Won , Seo Dongju , Oh Jae-Min , Jeong Young Kyu , Park Jin Kuen
Published: October 2019

We successfully demonstrate that the chemical bath deposition (CBD) method is a versatile method for synthesizing phase-pure and uniform MOFs by controlling their nucleation stages and pore structures.
Afterglow of carbon dots: mechanism, strategy and applications
Authors: Jiang Kai , Wang Yuhui , Li Zhongjun , Lin Hengwei
Published: October 2019

Recent representative advances in the long-lived afterglow properties and applications of carbon dots are summarized and discussed.
Extraction of oil from wet Antarctic krill (Euphausia superba) using a subcritical dimethyl ether method
Authors: Liu Shulai , Hu Wei , Fang Yizhou , Cai Yanping , Zhang Jianyou , Liu Jianhua , Ding Yuting
Published: October 2019

In this study, a novel method for obtaining high-quality krill oil from wet Antarctic krill by using subcritical dimethyl ether (SDE) was proposed.
Novel spectrofluorimetric approach for determination of ledipasvir through UV-irradiation: application to biological fluids, pharmacokinetic study and content uniformity test
Authors: Abdel-Lateef Mohamed A. , Ali Ramadan , Omar Mahmoud A. , Derayea Sayed M.
Published: October 2019

Enhancement in the fluorescence spectra of ledipasvir after exposing to strong UV irradiation.
Chloromethyl-modified Ru(ii) complexes enabling large pH jumps at low concentrations through photoinduced hydrolysis
Authors: Tian Na , Sun Weize , Feng Yang , Guo Xusheng , Lu Jian , Li Chao , Hou Yuanjun , Wang Xuesong , Zhou Qianxiong
Published: October 2019

Photo-induced hydrolysis of benzyl chlorides was first utilized to fabricate PAGs with high photoacid quantum yields and large photoacid capacities.
Ligand dependent oxidation dictates the performance evolution of high efficiency PbS quantum dot solar cells
Authors: Becker-Koch David , Albaladejo-Siguan Miguel , Lami Vincent , Paulus Fabian , Xiang Hengyang , Chen Zhuoying , Vaynzof Yana
Published: October 2019

The stability of lead sulfide (PbS) quantum dots (QD) under continuous illumination in oxygenated environments depends on the choice of ligands, determining the evolution of photovoltaic performance of high efficiency PbS QD solar cells.
Single step additive manufacturing (3D printing) of electrocatalytic anodes and cathodes for efficient water splitting
Authors: Hughes Jack P. , dos Santos Pãmyla L. , Down Michael P. , Foster Christopher W. , Bonacin Juliano A. , Keefe Edmund M. , Rowley-Neale Samuel J. , Banks Craig E.
Published: October 2019

2D-MoSe2 and Pt/C containing additive manufactured electrodes, which exhibit electrocatalysis towards the hydrogen evolution and oxygen evolution reactions.
Solvothermal synthesis of cobalt nickel layered double hydroxides with a three-dimensional nano-petal structure for high-performance supercapacitors
Authors: Chu Hailiang , Zhu Ying , Fang Tingting , Hua Junqiang , Qiu Shujun , Liu Haidong , Qin Liyuan , Wei Qiuhong , Zou Yongjin , Xiang Cuili , Xu Fen , Sun Lixian
Published: October 2019

CoNi LDH-6 with a nano-petal structure was prepared, which exhibited excellent rate performance and long-term stability as a supercapacitor electrode.
Single-atom catalysts templated by metal–organic frameworks for electrochemical nitrogen reduction
Authors: Zhang Rui , Jiao Long , Yang Weijie , Wan Gang , Jiang Hai-Long
Published: October 2019

Metal–organic framework precursors were employed to fabricate single-atom catalysts, where Fe implanted nitrogen-doped carbon (Fe1-N-C) exhibits excellent performance for electrocatalytic nitrogen reduction in acidic media.
Printable photonic polymer coating based on a monodomain blue phase liquid crystal network
Authors: Yang Jiajia , Zhao Weidong , Yang Zhou , He Wanli , Wang Jingxia , Ikeda Tomiki , Jiang Lei
Published: October 2019

In this paper, a printable photonic polymer coating was fabricated from a monodomain liquid crystalline blue phase network.
Novel evaluation of sevoflurane anesthetic exposure on the testicular germ cells of neonatal male mice
Authors: Ebrahim Soltani Ali Raza , Kajbafzadeh Abdolmohammad , Ezzati Maryam , Ebrahim Soltani Zahra , Hosseinifar Navid , Maleki Anahid , Nezhad Sistani Maryam
Published: October 2019

Background: Inhalatory anesthetics may impact spermatogenesis and sexual behavior. Comprehensive evaluation should be conducted to screen the effect of inhalatory anesthetics on the sperm and semen quality. This experimental research was organized to assess the impacts of sevoflurane during the period of neonatal spermatogenesis. Materials and methods: Twenty-one pregnant mice were obtained from the Pasteur Institute. After birth, neonates were categorized based on exposure to Monitored Anesthesia Care (MAC) of sevoflurane into three groups: experimental 1, experimental 2 and control. In order to investigate the testicular condition, a histological evaluation, including apoptosis study and immunohistochemistry, was performed. Not only apoptotic target genes such as Bax and Bcl-2, but also microRNA17-92, were investigated in testicular samples via real-time polymerase chain reaction (real-time PCR). Results: The outcomes of this work indicated the effects of sevoflurane on spermatogonial and germ cells in testicular tissue via stimulating apoptotic target genes and microRNA-17-92. The proportion of Bax/Bcl-2 in the experimental group was 8.318699 ± 1.093, and the proportion of Bax/Bcl-2 in the control group was 2.631 ± 0.079. There was a significant (p ≤ 0.002) difference among the control group and both experimental groups. Conclusion: Sequential sevoflurane exposure during the neonatal period may create testicular dysfunction due to the high level of apoptosis in spermatogonial cells. Also, sevoflurane may affect spermatogenesis by influencing other biomarkers, such as microRNA.
Establishment of an auxiliary virtual damping loop for the superior inertial response in the microgrid
Authors: Bhowmik Pritam , Rout Pravat Kumar
Published: October 2019

Low inertial microgrids in the power network are extremely sensitive toward any uncertainties. Therefore, the practise of complementing inertia virtually in microgrids has earned huge attention in recent time. However, the effect of inertia emulation virtually on the overall damping characteristics of the network has not been explored yet. Concerning to the fact, the study has put an effort to establish a decisive relationship between the inertial and damping powers. Furthermore, a trajectory analysis has been performed to acutely measure the individual effects of the virtual inertia and the virtual damping on the power network. On the basis of the observation from the trajectory analysis, the study has introduced the concept of the dynamic computation of virtual inertial constant by realising the novel self‐tuned proportional–integral‐based control mechanism. The study further has proposed the superimposed auxiliary dynamic virtual damping loop to suppress the frequency deflection time. To evaluate and justify the improvement of the system performance, the proposed integrated inertia‐damping emulation system has been relatively compared with the conventional virtual inertia emulation scheme in a microgrid testbed.
The signature of primordial black holes in the dark matter halos of galaxies
Authors: Hawkins M. R. S.
Published: October 2019

Aims. The aim of this paper is to investigate the claim that stars in the lensing galaxy of a gravitationally lensed quasar system can always account for the observed microlensing of the individual quasar images.

Methods. A small sample of gravitationally lensed quasar systems was chosen where the quasar images appear to lie on the fringe of the stellar distribution of the lensing galaxy. As with most quasar systems, all the individual quasar images were observed to be microlensed. The surface brightness of the lensing galaxy at the positions of the quasar images was measured from Hubble Space Telescope frames, and converted to stellar surface mass density. The surface density of smoothly distributed dark matter at the image positions was obtained from lensing models of the quasar systems and applied to the stellar surface mass density to give the optical depth to microlensing. This was then used to assess the probability that the stars in the lensing galaxy could be responsible for the observed microlensing. The results were supported by microlensing simulations of the star fields around the quasar images combined with values of convergence and shear from the lensing models.

Results. Taken together, the probability that all the observed microlensing is due to stars was found to be ∼3 × 10−4. Errors resulting from the surface brightness measurement, the mass-to-light ratio, and the contribution of the dark matter halo do not significantly affect this result.

Conclusions. It is argued that the most plausible candidates for the microlenses are primordial black holes, either in the dark matter halos of the lensing galaxies, or more generally distributed along the lines of sight to the quasars.
3-Länder-Manifest: Zeitenwende in der Medizin – Patientenversorgung auf dem gefährlichen Weg in die Ökonomisierung und Industrialisierung
Authors: Mann Klaus , Kapitza Thomas , Likar Rudolf , Egger Bernhard
Published: October 2019

Das 3-Länder-Manifest „Zeitenwende in der Medizin“ ergänzt die bestehenden Eide, Gelöbnisse und Selbstverpflichtungen der Ärzteschaft. Es soll die inhaltliche Lücke zwischen medizinethischen Grundsätzen und den moralischen Herausforderungen des durch Ökonomisierung, Kommerzialisierung und Industrialisierung geprägten ärztlichen Berufsalltags im Gesundheitswesen füllen. Konkrete Vorschläge sollen helfen, bestehende Hindernisse zu überwinden. Der Vorrang der Medizin gegenüber Ökonomie und Technologie ist auf allen Ebenen beruflichen Handelns durch die Ärzteschaft sicherzustellen.

Das 3-Länder-Manifest soll den hierfür notwendigen Diskurs innerhalb der Ärzteschaft und in der Gesellschaft anregen und thematisch unterstützen.

In diesem Zusammenhang werden die folgenden Forderungen im 3-Länder-Manifest erhoben:

Die Verfasser dieses Manifests fordern dazu auf, die ethischen Werte medizinischen Wirkens zu sichern, und rufen alle Beteiligten im Gesundheitswesen auf danach zu handeln, um somit eine Zeitenwende herbeizuführen.
Radiation effects in printed flexible single-walled carbon nanotube thin-film transistors
Authors: Zhao Xinyang , Yu Min , Cai Le , Liu Jiale , Wang Jingxi , Wan Haochuan , Wang Jinyan , Wang Chuan , Fu Yunyi
Published: October 2019

In this study, the gamma ray radiation effect on the characteristics of inkjet-printed semiconducting single-walled carbon nanotubes (sSWCNTs) thin-film transistors (TFTs) is investigated. The devices with top gate dielectrics consisted of BaTiO3 and poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) were characterized before and after 150 krad 60Co gamma radiation in air. It reveals that the radiation results in a positive threshold voltage shift from -0.5 to 3.6 V (with a drain voltage biased at -1 V). The hysteresis decreases slightly from 1.2 to 0.5 V, indicating that the BaTiO3/PMMA dielectric layer effectively encapsulates the sSWCNTs TFTs from absorbing molecules in the environment. Furthermore, the charge pumping current ICP is measured with a gate voltage pulsed at 100 kHz. The maximum ICP increases from 90 to 140nA, which translates to an increase in the interface trap density from 4.5×1011 to 1.1×1012 cm-2eV-1. The charge pumping measurements at the frequency of 10∼250 kHz show that the increase of ICP induced by radiation is obvious when f>30 kHz but is little when f<30 kHz, which indicates that the radiation induced charge traps locate near sSWCNTs. The BaTiO3/PMMA gate dielectric remains to be a good insulator with a leakage current of less than 60 pA after radiation. Such printed flexible TFTs with the polymer gate dielectric possess similar radiation tolerant compared to convention devices on rigid substrates.
Simulation analysis of coupled magnetic-temperature fields in magnetic fluid hyperthermia
Authors: Xu Yi , Wang Junhua , Hou Haoli , Shao Jianwei
Published: October 2019

Magnetic fluid hyperthermia (MFH) adopts the relaxation mechanism of magnetic nanoparticles to heat targeted tumors by coupling magnetic fields and temperature fields. Temperature regulation plays an important role in determining hyperthermia efficacy. It is generally difficult to obtain the distribution of temperature over the whole treatment region during clinical hyperthermia due to the limitations of invasive temperature measurements. To predict the temperature and its distribution during hyperthermia, this paper uses the finite element method and builds a coupled multiphysics model of MFH to analyze the magnetic field and temperature distributions within treated tissue and to determine the influence of the magnetic field strength on the tissue temperature during hyperthermia. The heat dissipation equations are used as inputs to determine the specific loss power of heat sources for nanoparticle injection sites. The results show the distribution of the temperature in the targeted tissue. In addition, an in vitro MFH experiment is subsequently performed with cervical cancer cell cultures. A temperature increase of approximately 4 °C is observed in the tumor tissue treated with Fe2O3 magnetic fluids when the magnetic field is applied for 30 minutes. Hence, the feasibility of hyperthermia and the accuracy of the proposed simulation model are verified with such experimental results.
System can implement localized anticancer drugs against a tumor spheroid and assess drug penetration
Authors: Mandel Savannah
Published: October 2019

Commercially available and user-friendly system of tracking localized anticancer treatment can assess drug penetration and cancer cell proliferation.
Aerodynamic vs. acoustic performance: a balancing act
Authors: Mandel Savannah
Published: October 2019

Scientists study the effects of permeable edges on wind turbine noise reduction to understand the working principle of this noise control strategy.
The state-of-art of microstructural evolution of bearing materials under Rolling Contact Fatigue
Authors: Zheng Xiaomeng , Zhang Yongzhen , Du Sanming
Published: October 2019

The microstructure evolves during the service of bearings, and feature microstructures appear after a certain period of time. The microstructural evolution has a great impact on the service life of bearings, resulting in a significant deviation from the calculated life. This paper summarised the research progress of the microstructural evolution. Four feature microstructures including Butterfly, White Etching Cracks, Dark Etching Region, and White Etching Bands were reviewed about the phase composition, mechanical properties, and mechanisms. Several proposed mechanisms were analysed and discussed on the rationality and insufficiency, and the latest theories have been emphasised. Previous microstructural alterations were also included. At last, the relationship between feature microstructures and fatigue failure was analysed through previous studies.
Categorizing landscapes: Approaching the concept of Nature (Categorizando paisajes: una aproximación al concepto de naturaleza)
Authors: Pasca Laura , Aragonés Juan-Ignacio , Fraijo-Sing Blanca
Published: October 2019

The concept of nature frequently appears in the literature, and yet it has rarely been explained. One way of understanding it makes reference to the degree of human intervention, creating a classification on a continuum from totally natural to non-natural environments. In order to identify the empirical categories into which this continuum is organized, two studies were carried out. In the first, 99 Spanish participants evaluated 150 photographs in accordance with their degree of naturalness in order to obtain a set of 50 photographs. In the second, 50 Spanish and 48 Mexican participants ordered the photographs in accordance with their own personal criteria. The results show that people organize landscapes in accordance with the presence or absence of buildings, and that each of these two categories comprises a further three subcategories. This fact could be useful when studying the impact of these environments on aspects such as connectedness or well-being.
Two-beam interference lattice lightsheet for structured illumination microscopy
Authors: Chang Bo-Jui , Tang Wei-Chun , Liu Yen-Ting , Tsai Yun-Chi , Tsao Chieh , Chen Peilin , Chen Bi-Chang
Published: October 2019

Combining super-resolution structured illumination microscopy (SIM) and lattice lightsheet microscopes (LLSMs) has always been an ideal approach for high spatiotemporal resolution in 3D applications. We propose a simpler method to perform 2D-SIM with three phases, which is 5/3 faster and less sensitive to optical alignment compared to 3D-SIM in LLSM. In this research, we modify the original square lattice lightsheet to become an ideal pattern for the 2D-SIM by filtering the illumination pattern on the back pupil of the excitation objective. We show that the generated lattice pattern is consistent in the experiment and the simulation. We achieved a spatial resolution of 184  ±  28 nm, 244  ±  48 nm and 384  ±  20 nm in the x, y  and z directions, respectively for 2D-SIM in LLSM, with an exposure time of 5 ms for each phase per plane. For biological applications, we perform 2D-SIM in LLSM by imaging the dynamics of actin and membrane ruffling in a U2OS cell, with an exposure time of 20 ms per phase and two colors recorded for 121 optical-sectioning planes per 3D stack.
Introduction
Authors: Viding Essi
Published: October 2019

The Introduction explains that we now understand psychopathy as a personality disorder characterized by lack of empathy and guilt, manipulation of other people, a tendency to make bafflingly destructive life choices, and, in the case of criminal psychopathy, capacity for premeditated violent behaviour. It highlights that recent research into psychopathy has provided much information, but a lot also remains a mystery and a focus of continued research efforts. Key questions to be considered in the chapters that follow include: Is psychopathy a genetic condition? Do people become psychopaths because of their childhood experiences? How can we understand their behaviour? What are the warning signs of someone who is at risk of developing psychopathy? Can psychopathy be prevented or treated? Are all psychopaths criminals?
2. Paterfamilias
Authors: Duindam Jeroen
Published: October 2019

Kings held responsibility for matters far larger than their lives; royal rule placed considerable demands on the shoulders of the incumbent. Kings needed to maintain order in their house and preserve the family domains bequeathed to them. They were expected to learn and respect the traditions of the lands they governed. Yet their toughest challenge undoubtedly originated in the divine mandate of kingship. ‘Paterfamilias: it’s hard to be the boss’ outlines the challenges of a lifetime on the throne and describes what was expected from kings around the world and through different millennia. It shows that the façade of awesome power often hid frailty and discomfort, and explains how the elevated status of kingship circumscribed the lives of incumbents.
4. Embedding the family
Authors: Duindam Jeroen
Published: October 2019

Newcomers to power needed to prove to themselves as well as to others that their house was worthy to carry the mantle of kingship. In different proportions, royal descent, martial valour, and moral rectitude formed part of the recipe. Moreover, rulers sought confirmation by cultivating links to earlier dynastic legacies and by seeking the approbation of religious authorities. ‘Embedding the family’ considers the role of pedigree, bravery, and divine favour in royal legitimacy. It shows how courts and palaces helped establish the power of new rulers, and discusses some of the tensions of court life. All rulers needed to actively perform their status through ceremonies as well as through the distribution of honours.