bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The physics of pulsar halos: Research progress and prospect
Authors: Liu Ruo-Yu
Published: July 2022

Diffusive TeV gamma-ray emissions have been recently discovered extending beyond the pulsar wind nebulae of a few middle-aged pulsars, implying that energetic electron/ positron pairs are escaping from the pulsar wind nebulae and radiating in the ambient interstellar medium. It has been suggested that these extended emissions constitute a distinct class of nonthermal sources, termed “pulsar halos”. In this paper, I will review the research progress on pulsar halos and discuss our current understanding on their physics, including the multiwavelength observations, different theoretical models, as well as implications for the origin of cosmic-ray positron excess and Galactic diffuse gamma-ray emission.
Quantum corrections to the thermodynamics of rotating charged BTZ black hole in gravity’s rainbow
Authors: Lütfüoğlu B. C. , Hamil B. , Dahbi L.
Published: July 2022

In this paper, we investigate the thermal properties of the rotating charged BTZ black hole under the gravity’s rainbow (GR) and generalized uncertainty principle (GUP) formalism. At first, we study the GR-corrected thermal quantities according to the usual Heisenberg algebra. Then, we consider a deformed algebra which leads to a change in the Heisenberg uncertainty principle, and compare the Hawking temperature, entropy and heat capacity functions with the previous results. Thus, we understand and interpret the quantum effects on the BTZ black hole.
Duality and singularities of world sheets and worldlines of geometric particles along framed base curves in world hyper-sheet
Authors: Xia Qiang , Wang Zhigang
Published: July 2022

In this paper, as applications of singularity theory, we consider the singularities of a world sheet and the traveling trajectory (i.e. a worldline) of a geometric particle when they are confined in a world hyper-sheet and are generated by a Sabban framed base curve in de Sitter 3-space. Using the approach of the unfolding theory in singularity theory, we establish the relationships between the world sheet, the worldline of the geometric particle and two invariants to characterize the local topological structures of singularities of the world sheet and the worldline of the geometric particle via these two invariants, respectively. Moreover, we also describe the dual relationships between the tangent curve of framed base curve and the worldline of the geometric particle. An important fact indicates that the worldline [Formula: see text] and the tangent curve [Formula: see text] of the original curve [Formula: see text] are [Formula: see text]-dual each other. Finally, two concrete examples are presented to interpret our theoretical results.
Conserved non-Noether charge in general relativity: Physical definition versus Noether’s second theorem
Authors: Aoki Sinya , Onogi Tetsuya
Published: July 2022

In this paper, we make a close comparison of a covariant definition of an energy/ entropy in general relativity, recently proposed by a collaboration including the present authors, with existing definitions of energies such as the one from the pseudo-tensor and the quasi-local energy. We show that existing definitions of energies in general relativity are conserved charges from Noether’s second theorem for the general coordinate transformation, whose conservations are merely identities implied by the local symmetry and always hold without using equations of motion. Thus, none of the existing definitions in general relativity reflects the dynamical properties of the system, and the need for a physical definition of an energy. In contrast, our new definition of the energy/ entropy in general relativity is generically a conserved non-Noether charge and gives physically sensible results for various cases such as the black hole mass, the gravitational collapse and the expanding universe, while existing definitions sometimes lead to unphysical ones including zero and infinity. We conclude that our proposal is more physical than existing definitions of energies. Our proposal makes it possible to define almost uniquely the covariant and conserved energy/ entropy in general relativity, which brings some implications to future investigations.
A C-Band Broadband Asymmetric Doherty Power Amplifier Using Phase Compensation and Low Q Technology
Authors: Sun Ligong , Wang Deyong , Zhang Jincan , Zhang Juwei
Published: July 2022

In this paper, we present a monolithic microwave-integrated circuit (MMIC) asymmetric Doherty power amplifier (ADPA) using 0.25[Formula: see text][Formula: see text]m gallium-nitride (GaN) process with a compact chip size of 2.9 mm × 1.9 mm in wireless transmitters. Two different power amplifiers are adopted to solve the contradiction between the output power and efficiency of the conventional Doherty power amplifier (CDPA). In addition, phase compensation and low Q impedance inverting network (IIN) technology are used in the input and output matching networks, respectively, to expand the bandwidth of the entire ADPA. The post-layout simulation results show that the designed ADPA has a saturation output power 42.5 dBm with 800 MHz bandwidth from 6.6 to 7.4 GHz. The ADPA demonstrates 36.8–41.8% power-added efficiency (PAE), whereas 44–54% drain efficiency (DE) is achieved at saturation power.
THE PROFILE OF CAUSAL PATHOGEN OF HIP/ KNEE PROSTHETIC JOINT INFECTION (PJI): A SINGLE CENTER STUDY
Authors: Adriansyah Denny , Santoso Asep , Aribowo Gilang Persada , Bayudono Sigit , Anwar Iwan Budiwan , Sibarani Tangkas , Maryanto Ismail
Published: July 2022

Introduction: One of the most challenging and serious complications associated with total joint arthroplasty is prosthetic joint infection (PJI). Advancements in prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of PJI seem promising. Accurate identification of the causal pathogen is a key factor for successful treatment and also for choosing antibiotic treatment. This study was aimed to evaluate the prevalence of PJI and distribution of causative pathogen using microbiological culture and pathological examination.

Methods: A retrospective descriptive study was conducted by collecting data from our center registry from 2018 to 2020. The inclusion criteria of this study were patients diagnosed with hip or knee PJI based on the diagnostic criteria for PJI. The exclusion criteria were incomplete microbiology data which were either refusal to participate or loss of contact. The data extracted from medical records are demographic data such as age, sex, and microbiology and pathological examination data.

Results: A total of 1359 total hip/ knee arthroplasty surgeries were performed during the years 2018–2020. Among them, 1031 were total knee arthroplasty (TKA) and 321 were total hip arthroplasties (THA). During the same period, a total of 52 patients with PJI were treated at our center. There were 31 knee PJI cases (59.61%) and 21 were hip PJI cases (40.38%). Microbiology culture and pathologic anatomy results showed gram positive Staphylococcus sp bacteria, which was the common causal pathogen of PJI. Negative culture results were found in 10/52 (19.23%) of cases.

Conclusions: Staphylococcus sp was the most common causal pathogen of Hip/ Knee PJI in our center. Relatively high rate of culture-negative PJI was observed in this study, further strategies are needed to increase the rate of causal pathogen isolation in hip/ knee PJI cases in our center.
PHYSIOTHERAPISTS’ CURRENT KNOWLEDGE AND CLINICAL USE OF TOOLS TO PREDICT, MONITOR, EVALUATE THE TREATMENT OUTCOME AND CLASSIFY PATIENTS WITH SCIATICA IN GREECE: AN ONLINE SURVEY
Authors: Karanasios Stefanos , Georgaki Athina , Kontakiotis Nikolaos , Papandreou G. Maria , Gioftsos George
Published: July 2022

Purpose: The use of evidence-based assessment tools is important to differentiate, give prognosis and guide the therapeutic approaches in sciatica. We aimed to evaluate whether physiotherapists’ knowledge and clinical practice in Greece are aligned with up-to-date research recommendations in the assessment of sciatica.

Methods: An online-survey was developed, validated and disseminated in registered physiotherapists in Greece. The survey designed to capture physiotherapists’ demographic characteristics, knowledge and use of patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs), classification systems and neurological tests in sciatica. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze the data.

Results: 381 physiotherapists participated in the survey. Most of the participants reported that at least one or more of the proposed PROMs (85.5%), classification system (87%) or neurological tests (95%). 75.6% of responders use one or more PROMs during the management of patients with sciatica. Pain intensity evaluation tools are the most commonly used (35.9%) followed by disability or psychosocial evaluation scales (25.9% and 22.5%, respectively). 38.8% of participants use the McKenzie classification while almost 90% use common neurological examination tests (myotomes, sensory tests, reflexes, straight-leg-raise, slump and femoral slump test). No association was found between participants’ characteristics and number of assessment tools known or used.

Conclusions: Our findings suggest that physiotherapy practice in Greece is aligned to research recommendations only in terms of delivering common neurological physical examination tests. The knowledge and clinical use of evidence-based tools to assess the treatment outcome and classify patients with sciatica is limited. Further training and organizational or peer support are required to improve the management of the condition.
EFFECTS OF VOLUME OF INTEREST (VOI) SIZE ON TRABECULAR BONE QUANTIFICATION IN THE JUVENILE DISTAL FEMUR
Authors: Benjavongkulchai Sunpatch , Davies Catriona , Cunningham Craig
Published: July 2022

Volumes of interest (VOI) are commonly assigned to image stacks generated from micro-computed tomography to specify areas for bone quantification. However, the size of the VOI can impact the values obtained for trabecular bone parameters. This study aims to investigate the effect of VOI size by applying VOIs of four different diameters (10%, 15%, 20% and 30% of the antero-posterior width). Ten juvenile right distal femora were included, aged from pre-natal to three years. Smaller VOIs were placed within the largest VOI, with multiple locations used for the same VOI size. The observed parameters included bone volume fraction (BV/TV), trabecular bone thickness (Tb.Th), separation (Tb.Sp), number (Tb.N), degree of anisotropy by mean intercept length (DA.MIL) and star volume distribution (DA.SVD). Statistically significant differences between VOI sizes were found for Tb.Sp, Tb.N, DA.MIL and DA.SVD. A possible effect of localized variation was found due to significantly different values for Tb.Th between VOI locations. The effect related to VOI geometry was reflected by DA.MIL and DA.SVD as no significant difference was found between locations. The minimum diametric strut quantity (DSQ, diameter multiplied by Tb.N) of 4 can be implied based on the zero DA.SVD value found in particular VOIs.
THROWER’S ELBOW: OUTCOMES AND RECURRENCE OF ELBOW PAIN IN PEDIATRIC ATHLETES
Authors: Patel Shaan S , Patel Raahil S , Merimee Stephanie , Kim Ryan L , Eaford India , Garcia Michael , Nydick Jason A
Published: July 2022

Purpose: Thrower’s Elbow (TE) is an overuse injury of the medial elbow in pediatric, throwing athletes. The purpose of this study is to report the outcomes of TE in pediatric, throwing athletes.

Methods: Between 1996 and 2018, 30 athletes at an average of 12.2 years old (range: 7.9 to 15.4 years old) were treated for TE. Demographic, radiographic, and treatment variables were recorded. Outcome measures included return to original position, inability to return to sport, surgery, premature physeal arrest, and recurrence of elbow pain.

Results: Prior to their initial presentation, 25 athletes (25/30, 86%) stated they continued to throw despite arm fatigue/pain. At an average follow-up of 26 months (range: 6 months to 122 months), 22 athletes (22/30, 73%) returned to their original position at an average five months from their initial presentation. Recurrence of elbow pain occurred in 27 athletes (27/30, 90%). No athletes had premature physeal arrest of the medial epicondyle.

Conclusions: The majority of athletes with TE returned to their original position or sport after initial treatment, but 90% of those athletes developed recurrent pain. It is important to educate athletes about overuse throwing injuries and prevention by adhering to established guidelines.
EFFECT OF TIMING OF COX-2-SELECTIVE NSAIDS USE ON FRACTURE HEALING IN AN ADULT RAT MODEL
Authors: Kigera James W. M. , Gichangi Peter B. , Abdelmalek Adel K. , Ogeng’o Julius A.
Published: July 2022

Introduction: Fractures are common in the old and are associated with increased morbidity. The pain of fractures and surgery can be managed using NSAIDs, but this may result in impaired healing. The inflammatory stage of bone healing is responsible for laying the foundation for subsequent proliferative stages. This may be the stage when NSAIDs may have their greatest impact and it is unclear if avoiding NSAIDs in this stage would result in differences in healing or whether different molecules have varied responses. This study sought to determine the differences in the histomorphometry of fracture callus in older rats when diclofenac and celecoxib were avoided in the first week after a fracture.

Methods: Fractures of the tibia were induced in 43 15-month-old (equivalent to 50 human years) rats which were then allocated to receive either diclofenac or celecoxib. Each group was further subdivided into early or late subgroups of 10 animals each receiving the study medication from the day after the fracture or eight days later, respectively. Histological and stereological examination of the callus on days 21 and 42 enabled comparison of histological grades, tissue proportions and cellular densities.

Results: The histological grade and amount of bone increased and the amount of cartilage reduced in all groups. The group that received celecoxib early had the least proportion of bone. The osteocyte and chondrocyte cellular densities increased in all groups across both time points.

Conclusion: Administration of celecoxib in the early fracture period in the old is associated with poorer histological grades, lower proportions of bone and increased cellularity which may result in delayed union of the fracture. Use of selective COX-2 inhibitors is discouraged for the management of pain in older patients with fractures especially in the first seven days.
Assessing the Barriers Towards the Glocalization of India’s Mobile Industry: An IVIFs-DEMATEL with Choquet Integral Method
Authors: Sachan Shubham , Barve Akhilesh , Kamat Aditya , Shanker Saket
Published: July 2022

Although mobile brands from various countries have taken to the global market, some brands are left to be GLOCALised (local to global). The nonGLOCALisation of these brands are due to some unseen hindrances. This paper is unique in its aim to analyze the challenges faced by local mobile phone supply chains (MPSC) from entering the global market in an Indian context. We analyze the barriers’ entry by combining the IVIFs-DEMATEL method with Choquet Integral; also, we compare the obtained results to those from the IVIFs-DEMATEL methodology. The differentiated analysis reveals that ‘Equipment Vendor Restrictions’ and ‘Lack of Awareness about Reverse Logistics’ are the main hindrances preventing local manufacturers from reaching the global space. Furthermore, the findings of this study suggest that ‘Carrier Aggregation Complexity’, ‘Equipment Vendor Restrictions’, and ‘Challenge to Recycling of Plastics’ are vital factors nonconducive towards the smooth working of local mobile makers across the country. The results can help domestic policymakers to improve their decision-making while trying to find ways for the globalization of the mobile phone sector.
Meta-Frontier Stochastic Cost and Revenue Efficiency Analysis: An Application to Bank Branches
Authors: Sayyad Noveiri Monireh Jahani , Kordrostami Sohrab
Published: July 2022

In many real-world situations, the cost and revenue performance of heterogeneous decision making units (DMUs) should be assessed while uncertain data are presented. The exiting data envelopment analysis (DEA) models have dealt with the economic efficiency of nonhomogenous DMUs without considering random performance measures. In this paper, a stochastic DEA approach is, therefore, proposed to estimate meta-frontier stochastic cost and revenue efficiencies under the convex technology. To illustrate, group cost and revenue efficiencies and meta cost and revenue efficiency scores under convex metatechnology are measured using cost-based and revenue-based chance-constrained DEA models. Furthermore, the deterministic frameworks of approaches are provided. Cost and revenue gap ratios and sources of meta-frontier stochastic cost and revenue inefficiencies are also handled. An empirical study of the banking industry is used to show the applicability and reliability of the proposed technique.
Interactive Approaches to Multiple Criteria Sorting Problems: Entropy-Based Question Selection Methods
Authors: Özarslan Ali , Karakaya Gülşah
Published: July 2022

In this study, interactive approaches for sorting alternatives evaluated on multiple criteria are developed. The possible category ranges of alternatives are defined by mathematical models iteratively under the assumption that the preferences of the decision maker (DM) are consistent with an additive utility function. Simulation-based and model-based parameter generation methods are proposed to hypothetically assign the alternatives to categories. A practical approach to solve the incompatibility problem of the randomly generated parameters is developed. Based on the hypothetical assignments, the assignment frequencies of alternatives for each possible category are defined. Then, an information theoretic measure, relative entropy, is used in the selection of the alternative that will be assigned into a category by the DM. The performance of our approaches is tested on different problems with/without initial assignments and category size restrictions. The results show that relative entropy-based alternative selection methods work well in decreasing the assessment burden of DM.
Entanglement quantification enhanced by dark count correction
Authors: Czerwinski Artur
Published: July 2022

In this paper, we propose a method of dark count correction in quantum state tomography of entangled photon pairs. The framework is based on a linear model of dark counts, which is imposed on the measurement formalism. The method is tested on empirical data derived from an experiment on polarization-entangled photons. We demonstrate that the numerical approach to dark count correction guarantees more reliable state reconstruction compared with standard estimation. Most importantly, however, the conceptually simple theoretical approach proves to be more efficient at entanglement quantification than experimental techniques.
Generation of entangled states between two transmon qubits via invariant-based shortcuts with constant drivings
Authors: Lu Xiao-Jing , Feng Zhi-Bo , Zhao Zheng-Yin , Li Ming , Cai Zi-Liang
Published: July 2022

Entanglement generation via optimal drivings is of significance for quantum information science and engineering. Here, an efficient scheme is proposed for creating entangled states between two transmon qubits via shortcuts to adiabaticity with constant Rabi drivings. Two three-level atoms of Cooper-pair box circuits are coupled to a common cavity field of transmission-line resonator and individually driven by adjustable classical microwaves. In the regime of large detuning, we obtain an effective three-state system consisting of qubits and cavity photons. By the invariant-based shortcuts with time-independent Rabi drivings, two-qubit entangled states can be rapidly induced from an easily prepared product state. Compared to the entanglement creation with time-dependent Rabi drivings, our protocol not only becomes more feasible in experiment but also needs shorter times. Moreover, high-fidelity quantum operations can be realized with the accessible decoherence rates. The scheme could pave a promising avenue towards optimal generation of entangled states between superconducting qubits.
Analysis of direct and indirect detection of fermionic dark matter of 6-dimensional effective field theory
Authors: Kuday Ayşe Elçi̇boğa , Özok Ferhat , Saka Erdi̇ç Ulaş
Published: July 2022

We present an analysis of fermionic dark matter (DM) in the context of 6-dimensional Effective Field Theory (EFT). We also compared the result generated via 6-dimensional EFT analysis with the current experimental results for dark matter searches. These experiments are methodically categorized as direct and indirect searches and present some constraints on dark matter model parameters of 6-dimensional EFT. We constructed a new set of tools ensuring DM researches in various platforms. The model parameters are presented to guide DM production in colliders by taking account of the upper limits at direct and indirect searches. In this paper, we apply our approach for fermionic case to test the verification of the method. There are various types of search methods for DM, each depends on type of interaction of dark matter with SM particles. Finally we analyzed fermionic DM candidate of 6-dimensional Effective Field Theory (EFT) at the platforms of DM searches. A new set of numerical tools is specified for 6-dimensional fermionic DM model, and these tools are also tested.
Black strings thermodynamics in noncommutative spacetime
Authors: Chakrian João , Santos Antônio de Pádua
Published: July 2022

Black holes have been a subject of investigation over years not only because they have interesting physical properties, but also because they seem to be the appropriate tool for studying gravity in quantum scale. A lot of effort has been made to understand the aspects of spacetime on the quantum scale. Among several possibilities, the approach which includes noncommutativity of spacetime proves to be promising. In this paper, we use the Hamilton–Jacobi method to study the thermodynamic properties of cylindrical black holes (black strings) in noncommutative spacetime. The behavior of the black string is also investigated in the presence of back reaction as well as its influence on the system can be understood as an anomaly. This work aims to provide an understanding about black strings thermodynamics in noncommutative spacetime since this scale of spacetime is important for the comprehension of the relation between quantum mechanics and general relativity.
A Nonlinear Triaxial Damage Creep Model for Granite Based on Atangana–Baleanu Fractional Derivative
Authors: Deng Huilin , Zhou Hongwei , Jia Wenhao , Li Lifeng , Su Teng
Published: July 2022

Finding a fractional derivative that can more accurately describe the characteristics of a dynamic process is one of the objectives for fractional derivative modeling. In this paper, Atangana–Baleanu (AB) fractional order dashpots with constant and variable coefficients are constructed by using AB fractional derivatives with nonlocal and nonsingular kernel characteristics. Compared with Riemann–Liouville (RL) and conformable (KA) fractional order dashpot, AB fractional order dashpot can describe the viscoelastic properties of materials in full time. A new damage AB fractional derivative (DABFD) creep model is proposed by improving the Nishihara model with the help of the variable coefficient AB fractional dashpot. The parameters for the DABFD creep model are determined by fitting creep experimental data of Beishan granite. Compared with the Nishihara, damage RL fractional derivative (DRLFD) and damage KA fractional derivative (DKAFD) creep models, DABFD creep model has a better fitting and prediction accuracy. The parameter sensitivity for the DABFD creep model shows that different creep curves can be demonstrated with different DABFD creep model parameters. The model can better represent the viscoelastic properties and three stages of the creep process for rock.
Existence and multiplicity of solutions to a ψ-Hilfer fractional p-Laplacian equations
Authors: Ezati Roozbeh , Nyamoradi Nemat
Published: July 2022

In this paper, by Symmetric Mountain Pass Lemma, we study the existence and multiplicity of solutions to the following nonlocal [Formula: see text]-Hilfer fractional [Formula: see text]-Laplasian equation: [Formula: see text] where [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] are [Formula: see text]-Hilfer fractional derivatives left-sided and right-sided of order [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] are [Formula: see text]-Riemann–Liouville fractional integrals left-sided and right-sided, [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] are continuous functions. Finally, we give some examples to illustrate the main results.
Facile temperature-controlled preparation of nanowire OMS-2 and its high performance in peroxymonosulfate-activated catalytic degradation of organic pollutants
Authors: Nan Qingwei , Liu Ying , Liang Lijiao , Li Xinyu , Zhao Joe R. , Hu Chuanbo , Huang Meiying , Tang Jianting
Published: July 2022

Currently, nanowires present a type of unique one-dimensional materials showing promising prospects in many fields. The octahedron molecular sieve (OMS-2, with chemical compositions of K[Formula: see text][Formula: see text]Mn8O16) materials are utilized extensively as efficient catalysts for numerous critical reactions. In this work, it was found that the evolution from [Formula: see text]-MnOOH microrod to OMS-2 nanowire can be induced facilely by altering the temperature of hydrothermal treatment. The obtained OMS-2 nanowire exhibited high catalytic activity and high durability in peroxymonosulfate (PMS) activated degradation of rhodamine B (RhB) or methylene blue (MB). Under optimum conditions (OMS-2 catalyst: 0.1 g⋅L[Formula: see text]; RhB or MB: 8 mg⋅L[Formula: see text], 100 mL), the degradation can be completed within 10 min. The possible reason for OMS-2 nanowire’s high performance was also proposed.
Stock Liquidity and Issuing Activity
Authors: Barinov Alexander
Published: July 2022

Issuing activity does not result in superior post-issue liquidity. New issues are just as liquid as their peer non-issuers. Even the kinds of new issues that are supposed to be more liquid than others (initial public offerings (IPOs) backed by venture capital, new issues with high-prestige underwriters, severely underpriced IPOs) have the same liquidity as other similar issuers. The paper thus refutes the existing liquidity-based explanations of the new issues puzzle. The paper also shows that the low-minus-high turnover factor seems to explain the new issues puzzle and related anomalies only because it picks up volatility risk.
Are Clinical Outcomes of Micro-TESE in Non-obstructive Azoospermic Men Affected by the Use of Fresh or Frozen Gametes?
Authors: Horta Fabrizzio , Fernando Dhanushi , Lantsberg Daniel , Holden Sandra , Katz Darren J. , Green Mark P. , McLachlan Robert , Zander-Fox Deirdre , Rombauts Luk
Published: July 2022

Background: The combination of microsurgical testicular sperm extraction (mTESE) and intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) has become a common management option, with sperm motility being positively associated with successful outcomes. However, few studies have investigated whether the use of fresh or thawed gamete combinations affect clinical outcomes.

Objectives: To determine whether the clinical outcomes of ICSI cycles using mTESE recovered testicular sperm of non-obstructive azoospermia (NOA) patients are affected by using fresh or thawed gametes.

Material and Methods: A retrospective study was conducted of NOA patients who underwent mTESE between 2017 and 2020 at Monash IVF assisted reproductive clinics in Melbourne, Australia. The impact of gamete fresh/frozen status and sperm motility was investigated on clinical outcomes such as fertilization, blastocyst formation, clinical pregnancy, and live birth rates (LBRs).

Results:A total of 103 NOA patients underwent mTESE, with a 65.1% successful surgical-sperm-retrieval. In total 56 patients contributed to 68 ICSI cycles, with a 35.1% fertilization rate and 25% LBR per embryo transfer. Compared with fresh testicular sperm, thawed testicular sperm did not affect clinical outcomes, including LBRs [16.7% vs 12.0%; odds ratio (OR) 0.68 (0.18–2.70)]. However, the use of thawed oocytes had a negative effect on fertilization rates [fresh-oocytes, 37.8%; vitrified-oocytes, 34.5%; OR 0.86 (0.02–0.48)]. Cycles using only motile sperm had a greater fertilization rate than those using a combination of motile and non-motile sperm (49.6% vs 37.2%, p ¡ 0.05). Importantly, when exclusively non-motile sperm were available (n = 26 cycles) their injection resulted in a very low fertilization rate (2.7%) and no live births were recorded.

Conclusion: Micro-TESE is an effective treatment for NOA patients, with no clear advantage of using fresh over thawed sperm, however, the use of vitrified compared with fresh oocytes requires further investigation. Importantly, patients should be informed of the poor outcomes with the use of non-motile sperm in mTESE ICSI cycles.
Anarchy and Higher Trade Equilibrium: A Study of the Russian Old Believer Monasteries
Authors: Maltsev Vladimir Vladimirovich
Published: July 2022

This paper argues that anarchic communities may breach the dichotomy of anarchy and low level of trade versus the state and a high level of trade. In particular, some anarchic groups may favourably leverage the very fact of their statelessness and turn it into a competitive advantage, enabling a shift to a higher level of trade. In this vein, integration into the state is undesirable as it deprives the community of this competitive advantage and may move it to a lower trade equilibrium. To prove my hypothesis, I provide an account of the contemporary Russian old believer monasteries, located deep in the Siberian taiga. These monasteries continue to remain anarchic well into the 21st century, as their stateless existence gives them a claim to spiritual purity. This enables these monasteries to provide spiritual services to the old believers who are considered religiously impure after integrating into the state. Joining the Russian state would thus deprive the old believer monasteries of their claim to spiritual purity and, by extension, their ability to trade, rendering such action undesirable. As a result, the old believer monasteries remain stateless, while securing a high level of trade with the state-integrated old believers. This is evidenced by the presence of modern equipment, high tech goods, and significant financial resources—items that would be impossible to obtain in the taiga without extensive economic exchange.
Experimental Validation of an Effective Control Mechanism to Enable Flapping Wing Rotor Stable Flight
Authors: Wang Ziyu , Dong Xin , Xiang Jinwu , Li Daochun , Tu Zhan
Published: July 2022

Design and implementation of an effective control mechanism is the key to enable the controlled flight of flapping wing rotor micro aerial vehicles (FWR-MAVs). In order to address this open challenge, in this paper, a triple-wing FWR-MAV with its particular control system is proposed. The corresponding experimental study of the vehicle is conducted. As a result, the triple-wing propulsion system demonstrates advantages in both lift generation and flight stability based on the force measurement. The control torques of the proposed FWR-MAV are generated by a particular slip flow rudder mechanism. The effectiveness of such a design combination has been validated experimentally. A series of flight tests are conducted, including sustained hovering and forward-backward maneuvering. To the best of our knowledge, such a design yields the world’s first FWR-MAV capable of sustained controlled flight.
[Retracted] Internet of Things‐Based Patient Cradle System with an Android App for Baby Monitoring with Machine Learning
Authors: Kumar V. Suresh , Pullagura Lokaiah , Kumari Nalli Vinaya , Pooja Nayak S. , Devi B. Padmini , Alharbi Adnan , Asakipaam Simon Atuah
Published: July 2022

It is becoming more popular because of the widespread availability of high‐speed Internet and the widespread use of mobile phones, both of which are contributing to its rise in popularity. One such significant issue is the use of mobile phones by working parents to keep an eye on the behaviour of their children while they are babysitting for others, which is a significant concern. This study introduces the notion of a smart cradle, which enables for this kind of video monitoring to be carried out on an infant. An infant’s scream triggers the automated swinging of this cradle, which begins when the sensor detects it. In addition, if the baby’s cry persists for an extended period of time, the gadget triggers a buzzer and sends a text message to the phone, signalling that the cradle is no longer capable of handling the infant and that the baby needs human assistance if the cradle’s mattress is wet. This cradle is equipped with an automatic spinning toy for the baby’s entertainment, which reduces the likelihood of a newborn crying throughout the day. A notable rise in the number of working mothers has been seen in recent years. Consequently, the vast majority of parents place their children in the care of their grandparents or in the care of child‐minding companies. In addition, we developed a new algorithm for our system, which is critical in delivering better newborn care when parents are not there to assist. Due to the fact that parents are unable to continuously monitor their children’s condition in ordinary or atypical situations while they are at work, this is the case. Node is the fundamental building unit of a microcontroller. Over the course of a single day, the controller board will collect data from the sensors and transmit it to the Adafruit MQTT server over Wi‐Fi to be processed. In addition to monitoring the baby’s vital signs, sensors are also used to detect environmental conditions such as the temperature, humidity, and amount of crying in the surroundings. Using the NX Siemens software, a prototype for the cradle was created. Red meranti wood was utilized in its construction. Whenever the baby begins to scream, the system design automatically swings the infant cradle, which is powered by a motor that is built into the system. In addition, parents may use an external web camera to keep checks on the health of their children when they are away from home. Every aspect of this network has been tested to guarantee that it functions effectively and safely at all times.
Observation System Optimization of Offshore Acoustic Exploration for Estimating Submarine Geological Structures via Directivity Analysis
Authors: Fu Chao , Hao Lei , Zhou Pengfei , Chen Lei , Xu Xiaobin , Wang Kai , Sun Miaojun
Published: July 2022

To better understand the shallow sea geological information and avoid the risk caused by potential geo‐disasters, the efficient offshore geological exploration methods are required. Better detection resolution can be obtained by using a spark source. As the foundation, the observation system plays an important role for geological detection. The influence of the variation of the parameters of the observation system on the detection accuracy is analysed theoretically. Then, the numerical simulations based on the finite difference method was applied, and imaging characteristics of observation system with different parameter were studied. For submarine acoustic exploration, the spark source with frequency over 200 Hz can obtain the clear reflections for geological interpretation; besides, the receiver array with the interval of 5 m–10 m helps to obtain better wave signals when the buried depth of a geological body is less than 300 m, and the width is more than 10 m. Based on numerical simulations, the observation system was optimized and designed. The results of numerical examples show that the accurate position information of the structure can be obtained by using the observation system proposed in this paper. Different imaging performances are obtained by adjusting the parameters of the observation system. On this basis, combined with directivity analysis, the optimal observation system parameters are proposed. Finally, the proposed observation system is used to image the fault model. The research results of this paper can provide reference for the observation system design in similar projects.
Variation in Phenolic, Mineral, Dietary Fiber, and Antioxidant Activity across Southern Tunisian Pearl Millet Germplasm
Authors: Triki Tebra , Tlahig Samir , Benabderrahim Mohamed Ali , Elfalleh Walid , Mabrouk Mahmoud , Bagues Mohamed , Yahia Hédi , Belhouchette Khaled , Guasmi Ferdaous , Loumerem Mohamed
Published: July 2022

Pearl millet crop, reputed as one of the most important food sources cultivated in arid and semiarid parts of Africa and Asia, is known to be a source of many bioactive molecules with potential health-promoting properties. In Tunisia, this crop presented historically rich and diversified germplasm, which is being threatened by genetic erosion. The preservation programs of these species have been held for more than 20 years via participatory breeding schemes. A prospection was undertaken to collect pearl millet cultivars preserved in the last two decades from south-eastern Tunisian farmers to estimate their variability and performances. The aim of this study was to assess the profiles of phenolic compounds, antioxidant capacities, mineral composition, and dietary fiber contents of ten pearl millet cultivars in south-eastern Tunisia. The total phenolics and flavonoids in the free fraction ranged from 506.33 to 1287.71 µg.g−1 DM ferulic acid equivalent (FAE) and 4.17 to 12.53 µg.g−1 DM catechin equivalent (CE), respectively. The highest polyphenolic content from all genotypes was 1134.96 µg·g−1 DM (genotype Med.AG1.3). LC-MS analysis of individual phenol compounds allowed the identification of eight phenolic acids in millet grains. The quinic acid, p-coumaric acid, and caffeic acid were predominant phenolic acids, and six flavonoid compounds with cirsiliol and silymarin were the predominant flavonoids. The ranges of mineral contents variation were 693.10 to 1075.40 and 80.75 to 175.40 μg·g−1 for Ca and Mg, respectively, and 9.55 to 32.80, 0.75 to 8.60, 1.84 to 12.21, and 3.63 to 11.40 μg·g−1 for Na, Zn, Cu, and Fe, respectively. The content of NDF, ADF, and ADL per dry weight varied from 20 to 31%, 1 to 4.2%, and 0.4 to 2.3%, respectively. Overall, considering the variability among the assessed attributes, heatmap analysis showed the association between each of the traits as related to the clustered genotypes.
Effectiveness and Safety of Four Aerobic Exercise Intensity Prescription Techniques in Rehabilitation Training for Patients with Coronary Heart Disease
Authors: Chen Tao , Zhu Huiying , Su Qingyuan
Published: July 2022

Background and Objectives. Exercise intensity is a key indicator for the safety and effectiveness of aerobic exercise program in cardiac rehabilitation (CR) in patients with coronary heart disease (CHD). The majority of CR guidelines recommend aerobic exercise prescription based on moderate intensity and suggest many techniques for setting the heart rate target of exercise to match the intensity. But even high-risk CHD patients rarely adhere to exercise training under medical monitoring. The effectiveness and safety of exercise under these high-intensity techniques is still a paucity of evidence. The purpose of this study was to determine if these techniques can safely and effectively inform exercise prescription for individuals with CHD. Methods. A retrospective study was conducted on all patients with CHD who were admitted to CR and completed cardiopulmonary exercise tests (CPET) in Guangdong Hospital of traditional Chinese medicine. According to the risk stratification method of CHD, all participants were divided into three groups: low, moderate, and high risk. The training target heart rates (HRt) of each participant were calculated according to the formula of heart-rate-reserve (HRR), maximum-heart-rate (MHR), target-heart-rate (THR), and anaerobic threshold (AT) method provided in the guideline. Among them, the HRR method using the maximum-heart-rate obtained by the age formula was named “HRR method A,” and that using the actual measured peak heart rate was named “HRR method B.” For the three groups, the effectiveness and safety indexes at the target-heart-rate zone set by the different formulas above are counted and compared using CPET data. Results. A total of 324 patients were included in the analysis. There was no significant difference between the target-heart-rate set by the HRR method A and AT method among the three groups (

P
>
0.05

). The mean value of HRt set by other methods was lower than the AT heart rate (

P
<
0.05

). The HRt set by the THR method was close to the AT, while that set by the MHR method was the lowest. The frequency of patients whose HRt was set by the MHR method was lower than the AT one, which was the highest. None of the participants had serious adverse events. There were no risks of ECG abnormalities in the low- and moderate-risk groups. The HRR method A had the highest incidence of various risks of ECG abnormalities, while the MHR method had the lowest one, and the safety of the THR method is close to that of the AT method (

P
<
0.05

). Conclusion. The heart rate calculated by HRR method A is more consistent with the actual AT. All four techniques are safe in low- and moderate-risk patients. In high-risk patients, using HRR method A has certain risks. It is recommended to use the MHR method for safety reasons, but its effectiveness is low. If considering both effectiveness and safety, the THR method can be conservatively selected at the beginning of the CR program.
[Retracted] The Treatment Combining Antiangiogenesis with Chemoradiotherapy Impinges on the Peripheral Circulation Vascular Endothelial Cells and Therapeutic Effect in the Patients with Locally Advanced Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma
Authors: Gong Xiuyun , Wang Limin , Wu Weili , Li Yuanyuan , Long Jinhua , Chen Xiaoxiao , Luo Xiuling , He Qianyong , Bi Ting , Li Zhuoling , Luomeng Yanan , Jin Feng
Published: July 2022

This study was implemented for the evaluation on the circulating endothelial cells’ (CECs) clinical significance in the locally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma treatment with endostatin‐combined chemoradiotherapy. This study enrolled 47 patients with locally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma who were hospitalized from May 9, 2012 to March 10, 2013. These patients were split up into the observation group (25 patients) and control group (22 patients). Patients in the observation group received the endostatin combined with induction chemotherapy and subsequently with concurrent chemoradiotherapy with endostatin. Patients in the control group were treated with inductive chemotherapy followed by concurrent chemoradiotherapy. CECs in peripheral blood were conducted separately before or after inductive chemotherapy and additionally in the end of concurrent chemoradiotherapy. The CEC values of the observation group showed significant statistical differences (p < 0.05) before or after different therapies, whereas those data in the control group were not statistically different. And, the mostly importantly, the CEC values in the observation group and control group turned out a statistical difference. The combination of endostatin and chemoradiotherapy significantly reduced parameters of peripheral blood CECs in these patients. According to the CEC parameters’ variety that we observed in the combined therapies, this study demonstrated that the CECs might be a clinical clue to evaluate this antiangiogenic chemoradiotherapy. And the clinical value of CECs will be further determined along with increasing comparative studies and clinical long‐term efficacy observation.
Fuzzy-Based EV Charging Station and DVR-Fed Voltage Compensation for a DFIG-Fed Wind Energy System during Grid Faults
Authors: Uthra R. , Suchitra D. , Babu Thanikanti Sudhakar , Aljafari Belqasem
Published: July 2022

In recent years, it can be seen that more and more wind energy systems are integrated to focus on developing a more reliable energy system. A doubly-fed induction generator is the most employed machine in wind energy systems having the advantages of variable speed operation, improved power quality, and high energy capture. In a wind energy conversion system (WECS), the generator’s capability to remain connected during short electric faults resulting in voltage sag is known as fault ride through (FRT). Over the last few years, electric vehicles have been providing a remarkable solution for many sustainability issues such as global warming, depletion of fossil fuel reserves, and emission of greenhouse gas that needs attention to detail. A voltage compensation using Dynamic Voltage Restorer and Electric Vehicle charging station both employing a fuzzy controller is proposed in this paper for sustaining FRT capability. The variation in the stator voltage is tracked and utilized to inject the necessary shortfall of voltage in the system via DVR or EV charging station for the intensity of the created voltage sag. Vehicle-to-grid unit of the electric vehicle charging station comes into action when voltage sag intensity is 0.9 p.u. to 0.51 p.u. Value of the nominal voltage and the DVR takes over when voltage sag falls between 0.5 p.u. and 0.2 p.u. Consequently, this voltage compensation regulates the other relative parameters like DC link voltage and active power and retains them within the permissible limits during the fault.
Research on Sustainable Development Indicator Prediction of Regional Economic Subsystem Based on Artificial Neural Network
Authors: Chen Hongshou
Published: July 2022

Sustainable development system is a “black box,” or at least a “grey box,” and it is not very clear whether there is a causal relationship between various factors. Artificial neural network can simulate the system realistically. In this paper, the artificial neural network BP model is used as a tool, and Matlab language is used to predict the indexes of regional sustainable development economic subsystem. Through data collection, network structure model design, program design, and network training, this study drew the indicator forecast chart, analyzes it, and finally puts forward suggestions. The results show that it is feasible to use an artificial neural network to simulate a sustainable economic subsystem.