bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Nigerian State and the Rising Waves of Armed Banditry in Northwest, Nigeria, 2015-2022
Authors: Omakoji Abraham , Mabe Ocheni , Igoli Timipa
Published: February 2025

The incessant attacks, killings and raiding by bandits
have continued unabatedly and seems to have
become a worrisome attribute of socio-cultural and
political life in North West, Nigeria. Some say the
challenge has degenerated as a result of the influx of
criminal elements into the country. The most worrisome
aspect is the existence of hostile manifestation in cattle
rustling, killings, kidnapping, raping and arsons. The
existential threat posed by this phenomenon in North
West, Nigeria has left many in doubt about the capacity of
the Nigerian State to perform its constitutional
responsibility of providing security for lives and property
and other groups in the State. The impression is that the
State has become overwhelmed by the activities of armed
bandits in the region. Therefore, this paper seeks to explain
how cultural affinity between Nigerian State and her
neighboring States induce insecurity in Northwest,
Nigeria. This study is anchored on opportunity-structure
theory and argued that the outbreak of violence is
predicated on the presence of opportunity structure such
as cultural affinity that favours the mobilization and
organization of violent attitude. The study found that the
presence of cultural homogeneity between Nigeria and her
neighbors induce rural banditry in Northwest, Nigeria.
The study relied on secondary sources whereby data were
gleaned from books, newspapers, and government official
documents among others. The data were analyzed using
content analysis. We recommend stringent migration laws
that would take proper record of every entry and exit and
strict border policing to checkmate criminally minded
migrants leveraging on the ECOWAS free movement
protocols to perpetrate crime.
Novel biotargets of colorectal cancer peritoneal metastasis
Authors: Gu Ye , Liu Qiang , Li LeLe , Li Lingyun , Xu Dongchao , Zheng Liyun , Xie Lu , Cheng Sile , Shen Hongzhang , Jie Yanbing , Zhou Yifeng , Yang Jianfeng , Jin Hangbin , Zhang Xiaofeng
Published: February 2025

Introduction

Peritoneal metastasis often predicts advanced progression and a poor prognosis in colorectal cancer (CRC). However, peritoneal metastases are extremely difficult to predict or diagnose by routine diagnostic methods.

Material and methods

In this study, a microarray containing 30 samples from peritoneal metastasis and their matched CRC primaries obtained during cytoreductive surgery were compared to take a long hard look at all the options on the significant differentially expressed genes. The potential interactions and mechanisms of these expressed genes in promoting peritoneal metastasis were analyzed and studied by multiple bioinformatics analysis.

Results

The results suggested that the functions of these genes are closely related to immune response and cytokine activity. Additionally, the top 10 core genes’ correction with the leukocyte infiltration and serum cytokine profiles were identified and may be expected to become diagnostic and therapeutic targets of peritoneal metastasis in CRC.

Conclusions

The expression of IL-6, IL-10 and IL-17 in plasma and their correlation with leukocyte infiltration are proven potential diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic biomarkers for peritoneal management of CRC.
Split cord malformation – a simple, current classification based on CT and MRI neuroimaging studies
Authors: Kleinrok Jadwiga , Kleinrok Krzysztof , Popiela Tadeusz Jan
Published: February 2025

The aim of this paper is to present the currently used classification of split cord malformation. Split cord malformation (SCM) is a developmental defect arising during neurulation, resulting in abnormal neural tube development, with the formation of a division within the spinal cord and dural sac. The terms diastematomyelia and diplomyelia are used in the literature to describe this defect. In 1992, Pang proposed the term SCM to describe all dysraphic spinal cord defects and classified them into type I and type II, depending on the nature of the sagittal septum within the spinal canal and the presence or absence of a divided dural sac. SCM type I includes cases with a bony septum and a divided dural sac, while SCM type II includes cases without a divided dural sac but with a fibrous septum present. Depending on the type of defect, and the location and extent of the split, the condition is accompanied by neurological symptoms of varying localisation and severity. As symptoms may worsen with the child’s growth, surgical intervention to remove the septum is usually necessary. In this article, the authors present the defect based on literature data, describe the current terminology regarding the defect and associated anomalies, and present a set of features that should be assessed to classify lesions.
A Auto-hemoterapia como Método Alternativo no Tratamento de Papilomatose Bovina
Authors: Sempkoscki Vitória
Published: February 2025

A papilomatose em bovinos é uma enfermidade que causa desconforto e desvalorização do animal. Muito se discute a eficiência da auto-hemoterapia que consiste na retirada do sangue e aplicação no próprio animal, estimulando a atividade hematopoiética e posterior reconhecimento do patógeno. A eficácia do tratamento é comprovada por meio relatos de casos apresentados no decorrer do trabalho com resultados significativos e convenientes.
Görkem Akgöz, “In the Shadow of War and Empire: Indrustrialisation, Nation Building, and Working-Class Politics in Turkey”
Authors: Hadjievska Ivana
Published: February 2025

The subject of this review is the book by Görkem Akgöz, titled In the Shadow of War and Empire: Industrialisation, Nation-Building, and Working-Class Politics in Turkey (Brill, Leiden, 2023, xviii, 374 pp. (hardback), ISBN 978 -90-04-41674-1; Open Access (paperback), ISBN 978-90-04-68714-1). I believe that it is an important review subject, as it is a representative of the new currents in the field of labor history, where through a discursive approach to the sources testifying the human condition of the working class, new knowledge is gained about the processes of nation-building and capitalist modernization. The thematic focus in the book is on the industrialization processes in Kemalist Turkey and the impact of the etatist regime on the formation of the new civil and working-class identities. The author offers successful attempts to debunk older official historiographical narratives regarding memory and ideology about workers' lives and relations on the factory shop-floor in the period from the beginning of the 20th century to the mid-1950s.
Pengaruh Brand Familiarity Dan Perceived Quality Terhadap Brand Credibility (Studi Kasus Merek Skintific)
Authors: Salsabila Resya Zalfa , Yuliana Lingga , Diandra Didip
Published: February 2025

In the increasingly competitive skin care product industry, companies must pay attention to the credibility of their brands in the eyes of consumers. This research aims to analyze whether Brand Credibility is influenced by Brand Familiarity and Perceived Quality. This research uses a quantitative descriptive methodology with the method used for sampling is purposive sampling. The sample used in this research was 100 respondents who used Skintific brand skin care products collected via Google Form. Data analysis was carried out using Partial Least Square (PLS) with the Smart PLS tool version 4.1.0.0. The research results show that there is rejection of the initial hypothesis which states that Brand Familiarity influences Brand Credibility. Apart from that, it was also found that Perceived Quality does influence Brand Credibility.
Determinasi Kompetensi, Pelatihan Dan Pengembangan Karir Terhadap Kinerja Karyawan Pada Badan Penghubung Provinsi X di Jakarta
Authors: Purwito Purwito , Satrio Hendri Budi , Perkasa Didin Hikmah
Published: February 2025

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui dan menganalisis pengaruh Kompetensi, Pelatihan dan Pengembangan Karir terhadap Kinerja Karyawan (Studi kasus pada Badan Penghubung Provinsi X di Jakarta). Desain penelitian menggunakan metode kuantitatif kausal. yaitu mengetahui pengaruh antar variable yang diteliti. Alat pengumpulan data mengunakan kuisioner yang disebarkan kepada Pegawai pada Badan Penghubung Provinsi X di Jakarta. Populasi yang diteliti pada penelitian ini sebanyak 60 Pegawai, sedangkan sampel yang digunakan sebanyak 60 Pegawai menggunakan teknik sampling jenuh. Metode Analisis data dalam penelitian ini menggunakan SEM PLS dengan bantuan software untuk olah data Smart PLS, adapun tahapan-tahapan yang akan dilakukan dalam pegelolaan data sebagai berikut, melalui pengujian outer model, inner model dan uji hipotesis. Tahap pertama membuat instrument penelitian pada  masing-masing variable yang akan diteliti. Tahap kedua menguji instrument variable Kompetensi, Pelatihan, Pengembangan Karir  dan Kinerja Karyawan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Kompetensi tidak berpengaruh, sedangkan  Pelatihan dan Pengembangan Karir berpengaruh terhadap Kinerja Karyawan Badan Penghubung Provinsi X di Jakarta.
Kata kunci : Kompetensi, Pelatihan, Pengembangan Karir, Kinerja Karyawan
Utilização de Recursos Didáticos em Intervenções Pedagógicas voltadas para Alunos Neurodivergentes
Authors: De Morais Paula Bernardes , Santos Laurita Christina Bonfim , Amaral Lucimar Venâncio , Filho Luiz Edgard Bueno , Vasconcelos Emanuella Silveira
Published: February 2025

This article presents a literature review on the use of didactic resources in pedagogical interventions aimed at neurodivergent students, such as those with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), and dyslexia. The analysis of the studies reveals that adapted didactic resources, including visual materials, assistive technologies, and gamification strategies, play a crucial role in facilitating learning and promoting the inclusion of these students in educational settings. However, the effectiveness of these interventions depends on factors such as continuous teacher training, institutional support, and the adequacy of technological infrastructure. Additionally, the review identifies gaps in the literature, highlighting the need for longitudinal studies and more rigorous methodologies to evaluate the long-term impacts of these interventions. The practical and policy implications suggest that effective inclusive education requires an institutional commitment to teacher training, the provision of adequate infrastructure, and the promotion of digital inclusion. This study offers a theoretical and practical foundation for the development of pedagogical strategies that recognize and value neurodiversity.
National Media Narratives on The Identity of the Local Community of Cirendeu Indigenous Village
Authors: Naufal Rasyid , Arifin Hadi Suprapto , Iwan Koswara
Published: February 2025

This research aims to analyze how the national media's narrative concerning Kampung Adat Cirendeu influences the identity of the local community. Kampung Adat Cirendeu, situated in Cimahi City, West Java, is a traditional village that strives to preserve its customs and local wisdom amidst the pressures of modernization. Utilizing a qualitative approach with a framing analysis method, this study reveals that the media plays a crucial role in shaping public perceptions of indigenous identities through its framing of news coverage. The findings indicate that the media significantly impacts how the identity of the Cirendeu community is perceived by selectively highlighting specific aspects of their lives, such as their customs, cultural practices, and the challenges they face. The presentation of news by the media often emphasizes certain elements while downplaying others, thereby influencing public understanding and attitudes towards the traditional village. This study underscores the importance of media narratives in the construction of cultural identity and suggests that further research could explore the implications of media representation on indigenous communities' social and cultural dynamics.
INVESTIGATING THE IMPACT OF MULTIFACETED SCHOOL-BASED INTERVENTIONS ON CHILDHOOD AND ADOLESCENT OBESITY PREVENTION IN RURAL COMMUNITIES: A HEALTH EDUCATIONAL ΑPPROACH
Authors: Ioanni Delimaris
Published: February 2025

Childhood and adolescent obesity represents a critical public health challenge, particularly in rural communities hindered by unique sociocultural and environmental factors. Objective: The aim of the present study is to investigate the impact of multifaceted schoolbased interventions on childhood and adolescent obesity prevention in rural communities using a health educational approach.
The Promise of Lead-Free Perovskites: Can they Replace Toxic Alternatives in Solar Cells and Lead the Future?
Authors: Nematov Dilshod , Raufov Iskandar , Ashurov Anushervon , Sattorzoda Sakhidod , Najmiddinov Tehron , Nazriddinzoda Saidjon , Umarzoda Mufazala , Yusupova Khonumgul
Published: February 2025

Lead-free perovskites have garnered significant attention as a promising alternative to traditional toxic Pb-containing materials in solar cells. Although lead-based perovskites have achieved high solar energy conversion efficiencies (>25%), their contamination and environmental risks limit their commercial application. Materials based on tin (Sn), bismuth (Bi), antimony (Sb), and germanium (Ge) exhibit the potential to replace lead-based perovskites due to their similar optical and electrochemical properties and lower toxicity. However, key challenges remain, including their lower stability, susceptibility to oxidation (notably Sn2+), and reduced efficiency compared to Pb-based materials. This article reviews recent advancements in the synthesis of lead-free perovskites, methods for improving their structural and functional properties, and their prospects for application in solar cells. The presented review consolidates data on the photovoltaic efficiency, stability, durability, and environmental safety of lead-free perovskites. It discusses their future market potential, emphasizing their environmental friendliness, wide applicability in solar cells, light-emitting devices, neuromorphic systems for artificial intelligence, and microelectronics, as well as scalable production methods that have been developed. The need for further research to optimize their properties and scale up technologies for industrial applications is highlighted. The analysis demonstrates that lead-free perovskites hold substantial promise as a foundation for the next generation of solar cells, providing an environmentally clean and sustainable solution for renewable energy. Nonetheless, addressing the technological challenges related to their stability and scalability is critical for unlocking their full potential.
Differences In D-Dimer Levels Of Moderate And Severe Covid-19 Patients Treated At Hajj Adam Malik Hospital, Medan
Authors: Hadi Denny , Siregar Jelita , Novisari Soeroso Noni
Published: February 2025

An outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), initially reported in December 2019 in Wuhan, Hubei Province, China, emerged as a mysterious pneumonia caused by the novel β-coronavirus, 2019-nCoV. Among hospitalized COVID-19 patients, elevated D-dimer levels and impaired hemostasis have been commonly observed, often associated with disease severity and mortality. This study aimed to assess differences in D-dimer levels among mild, moderate, and severe COVID-19 patients in a cross-sectional design involving 36 confirmed COVID-19 patients hospitalized at H. Adam Malik General Hospital Medan. Conducted from August to October 2021 at the Departments of Clinical Pathology and Pulmonology and Respiratory Medicine, the study used consecutive sampling. The participants had an average age of 50.92 years, with hypertension and diabetes mellitus being the most common comorbidities. The average D-dimer level was 1324.28 ng/mL (SD = 2360.45 ng/mL), ranging from 100 ng/mL to 13,420 ng/mL. A significant difference in D-dimer levels was observed between patients with moderate and severe COVID-19, highlighting its potential role in evaluating disease progression and severity.
The Challenges of Attributing Information Operation Attacks: The RRM Experience
Authors: Wark Wesley
Published: February 2025

In October 2023, the Rapid Response Mechanism (RRM), a unit of Global Affairs Canada, issued a rare public announcement, stating that dozens of Canadian members of Parliament (MPs), from an array of political parties, were targets of a disinformation campaign known as “Spamouflage,” carried out by the People’s Republic of China (PRC) between August and September 2023.

The RRM is a Canadian innovation, advanced initially at the G7 meeting in 2018. Disinformation was a focus of G7 leaders’ interest at the summit, especially after evidence had emerged of Russian efforts to interfere with US and European elections.

The RRM, from the outset, became involved in monitoring disinformation operations targeting Canadian elections and political actors. But this role proved challenging, for technical, security and political reasons, and provides the substance of this case study.
The Use of Artificial Intelligence Tools in the Processes of Motivating Employees in the Organization
Authors: MATUSIAK Bozena E.
Published: February 2025

The paper deals with the development of artificial intelligence and the application of AI tools in HRM. As a result of a preliminary analysis of the literature, a research gap was identified regarding the study of support of the motivation function through the use of AI tools. In the next step, a research project on employee acceptance of the use of AI tools in the HR motivation processes using the example of AI Agents was planned and prepared.
Selected Open-Source Solutions for Sustainable Finance: An Overview
Authors: PORZUCZEK Piotr
Published: February 2025

Integrating environmental, social, and governance (ESG) imperatives into financial practices is critical for cultivating sustainable economies and addressing pressing global climate challenges. Despite the acknowledged potential of open-source technologies to enhance transparency and foster collaborative innovation, a significant gap exists in the literature regarding their tangible contributions to sustainable finance. This study seeks to bridge this void by conducting a comprehensive analysis of prominent open-source tools that facilitate climate-aligned investments, precise carbon footprint quantification, and advanced data-driven risk management. Employing a qualitative review methodology, the research meticulously examines tools such as PACTA (Paris Agreement Capital Transition Assessment), the Science Based Targets initiative’s Temperature Alignment Tool, Cloud Carbon Footprint, the AWS Sustainability Insights Framework, and blockchain-based carbon accounting platforms. The functionalities, industry adoption trajectories, and overall impact of these tools on advancing sustainable finance objectives are critically assessed. The findings reveal that these open-source solutions are instrumental in augmenting transparency and inclusivity, enabling financial institutions, policymakers, and developers to collaboratively navigate and mitigate climate-related risks. By integrating cutting-edge technologies like machine learning algorithms and blockchain architectures, these tools effectively counteract greenwashing phenomena and facilitate precise emissions monitoring. This study underscores the pivotal role of open-source platforms in empowering stakeholders to contribute to a resilient and accountable financial ecosystem, thereby aligning with global sustainability goals. These insights enrich the existing body of research by highlighting the practical applications and inherent benefits of open-source tools in sustainable finance. They provide a valuable foundation for future academic inquiry and industry innovation in this critical field, emphasizing the necessity for continued exploration and adoption of open-source solutions to meet global climate objectives.
Relationship between Personal Support and Performance of Students Enrolled in Distance Learning in Selected Public Universities in Kenya and Senegal
Authors: Ouko-Ouambo Leya Amonde , Aseey Anne Achieng , Kisimbii Johnbosco Mutuku
Published: February 2025

Distance learning has emerged as a pivotal mode of education post-COVID-19, addressing challenges such as geographical and infrastructural limitations. This study evaluates the influence of personal support on the academic performance of students enrolled in distance learning at the University of Nairobi (UoN) in Kenya and the University of Cheikh Anta Diop (UCAD) in Senegal. The study was grounded in Moore's Transactional Distance Theory, which defines transactional distance as the gap between two parties in a learning relationship.  The study used a descriptive research design and a sample of 240 students drawn from a target population of 12,022 students. The researcher used purposive sampling to select the two universities for the study. In addition, the researcher used proportionate sampling to select students from each faculty, and simple random sampling technique to select students from each faculty. The researcher used standardized questionnaires to collect data from the participants. The questionnaires were administered with the help of research assistants. The researcher applied both descriptive and inferential statistics in data analysis. The researcher also used regression analysis, goodness-of-fit evaluation, and correlation analysis. The data analysis outcomes were presented using tables and graphs. The research identified a significant positive correlation between personal support and learner performance, with UoN exhibiting an R-squared value of 62% and UCAD 52%. Regression analysis revealed that a unit increase in personal support led to a 0.78 performance improvement at UoN and 0.72 at UCAD. The study underscores the importance of robust personal support systems, including mentorship, counselling, and academic guidance, in enhancing the effectiveness of distance learning. It was established that there exist a positive and significant relationship between personal support and learner performance.  Recommendations include strengthening institutional frameworks and exploring longitudinal impacts of support mechanisms.
Motivational Levies and Academic Achievement in Public Day Primary Schools in Nyamira County, Kenya
Authors: Onyancha Cliff Nyakeya , Musera Geoffrey Ababu , Nganyi Jason
Published: February 2025

The study dealt with the effect of motivational levies on academic achievement in public day primary schools in Nyamira County. The study explored teacher motivation levies, academic tour levies and pupil motivation levies. The study adopted the ex – post facto research design. The target population for this study comprised of 392 public day primary school head teachers in Nyamira County. A sample of 198 head teachers were selected using Slovin’s formula from the target population. The study used both a questionnaires and documentary analysis guide for data collection. The data collected were analyzed by the use of descriptive statistics (mean, frequencies and percentages) and inferential statistics using Pearson Product-Moment Correlation Coefficient and Multiple Linear Regression. The study findings of the data analysis revealed that pupils’ motivational levies are statistically significant, with a partial regression coefficient of b = 0.0036, t = 2.75, and p = 0.007, indicating that an increase in pupils’ motivation is associated with a significant improvement in academic achievement. Specifically, the coefficient for pupils’ motivation levy (b = 0.004) showed that an increase in the levy by one Kenya shilling results in an improvement in the KCPE mean by 0.004 points. In practical terms, when a parent pays Kshs 100 for pupil motivation, the school’s KCPE mean will increase by 0.4 points. On the other hand, the regression coefficients for academic tours (b = 0.0003, t = 0.64, p = 0.520) and teachers’ motivation (b = -0.0007, t = -0.82, p = 0.414) were not statistically significant at p < .05. This indicates that there is no evidence to suggest that academic tours and teachers' motivation have a statistically significant impact on school’s academic achievement. Therefore, the study concludes that while pupils' motivational levies significantly influence academic achievement, teachers’ motivational levies and academic tours levies do not have a statistically significant effect on improving performance.
Navigating Income Security amid Rising Living Costs: Challenges Facing Middle-Income Earners from the Perspective of Senior Management Students at the Kenya School of Management, Kabete Campus, Kenya
Authors: Okumu Winstone Churchill , Ng’ang’a Bilhah Muthoni , Krystyne Sarah , Cheruiyot Judy Chepkirui , Mario Moses Karugu , Muthee Betty , Leiroya Gabriel Samiti , Wafula David Nandebe
Published: February 2025

Essential components of financial stability are income security and the cost of living especially to middle income earners. These factors include inflationary costs of living, erosion of nominal wages, and inadequate social protection. This study explores income security and the cost of living especially as it affects the middle-income earners. In this study, Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs was used to place economic insecurity outside the typical channels to classify the subject according to need hierarchy by demonstrating financial limitations compelling the individual to meet fundamental needs. A descriptive cross-sectional design was adopted. The study population consisted of 65 senior management students at Kenya School of Management, Kabete Campus. During data collection, only 60 completed the online questionnaires. Quantitative data collected were analysed using Microsoft Excel to generate charts. The data was analysed descriptively and presented in pie charts. The study findings show that income inabilities are highly prominent, in which 83.3% of the participants are unable to cover living expenses using paid work alone. Whereas 70% said they were able to save 10% of their income, the remaining 30% responded that they have no savings at all and thus emerged as economically insecure. Furthermore, 68.3% of beneficiaries depended on other sources of income to meet the demands, which also showed that formal income was inadequate. Therefore, the study concludes that middle-income earners today are experiencing higher tendencies of economic risk, with barely any capability to handle the changes. The study recommends targeted adjustments of the salaries to the inflation rate, encouragement of savings through appropriate taxation instruments, development of income diversification and micro-finance, and increase of subsidies on health care and social protection. They are intended to reduce the level of monetary stress, improve employment security, and increase the financial stability of Kenya's middle class.
Urban Agriculture: A Pathway for Enhancing Food Security and Poverty Resiliency in Tanzania
Authors: Mwaijande Francis
Published: February 2025

This article provides both a theoretical and empirical evidence on the role of urban agriculture (UA) to food and nutrition security as well as poverty reduction in urban areas, which have persisted as policy challenges in Africa. While countries in the Sub-Saharan Africa have taken agricultural interventions at the centre of addressing food and nutrition security in rural areas, UA does not feature well in urban food and poverty reduction policies in Tanzania. This creates policy gaps between the global, regional and national policies towards attaining the Sustainable Development Goal-2 of Zero hunger by 2030 and the African Union Agenda 2063 on food and nutrition. This study derives from the nexus of theories of urban sprawls and urban food systems which consider urbanisation and the associated demographic changes posing unprecedented challenges in terms of hunger, food insecurity and malnutrition. Based on a cross-sectional research design, the study employed a mixed-methods approach, collecting data through questionnaires, interviews, and a systematic review of the literature. A sample of 600 respondents was selected using purposive sampling from a target population of 6,000, consisting of adult male and female farmers, agri-food supply chain producers, food processors, input suppliers, distributors, and traders in urban and peri-urban areas of Tanzania. The study examined and confirmed the contribution of urban agriculture on food availability, accessibility, stability and utilization in urban households. A systematic literature review shows a multitude of benefits of urban agriculture on food availability, accessibility, nutrient utilization and stability.  The examined literature shows potential of UA to overcome youth unemployment as they engage into urban agricultural activities and therefore contribute to income and poverty reduction. Findings provides an understanding of inadequate policy enabling environment for UA as n frameworks for increasing food security. However, UA is being practiced without legitimate policy and legal frameworks. The study recommends for institutionalization of UA as a pathway for attaining food and nutrition security and poverty reduction and therefore, calls for policy agenda setting to create space for UA in city policies and planning.
The Trendermarsch sunken in the Wadden Sea (North Frisia, Germany) – reconstructing a drowned medieval cultural landscape with geoarchaeological and geophysical investigations
Authors: Reiß Antonia , Hadler Hanna , Wilken Dennis , Majchczack Bente S. , Blankenfeldt Ruth , Bäumler Sarah , Ickerodt Ulf , Klooß Stefanie , Willershäuser Timo , Rabbel Wolfgang , Vött Andreas
Published: February 2025

Abstract. Located in the North Frisian Wadden Sea, today's tidal flat sediments cover a formerly cultivated area outside the present-day sea dike of Nordstrand that had been occupied by settlers since the Middle Ages. The intensive cultivation increased the coast's vulnerability to storm floods. Especially the medieval storm surges of the first Grote Mandränke (St Marcellus flood) in 1362 CE and the second Grote Mandränke (Burchardi flood) in 1634 CE destroyed large parts of the diked marshland. This study focusses on the investigation of the drowned part of the medieval Trendermarsch outside the modern sea dike of Nordstrand. We combine different geophysical and geoarchaeological methods to estimate how and to what extent anthropogenic impact has shaped the coastline of Nordstrand since the Middle Ages. Guided by the evaluation and georeferencing of historical sources and embankment plans, the geophysical prospection was initially carried out in equidistant search grids and then intensified in areas of detected anomalies. The coring locations were selected accordingly to these results. Sedimentary, geochemical and microfaunal analyses of sediment samples of 22 sediment cores were carried out to calibrate the geophysical results and to establish a local stratigraphy of landscape evolution. Radiocarbon dating together with historical reports provides a geochronological framing. Using magnetic gradiometry, we found imprints of at least three settlement sites and a dike segment preserved in the recent tidal flats. Reconstruction of the natural local depositional environment, based on 13 stratigraphic units, initially shows sedimentation under lagoon-like brackish–marine shallow water conditions (unit A), followed by salt marsh formation (units C.1, C.2) and subsequent development of fenlands at around ca. 800 BCE (unit D). A hiatus between a younger marsh formation (unit C.3) at around ca. 650 CE and recent tidal flat deposition (unit G) reveals that evidence of colonisation in the High Middle Ages is mostly preserved as a “footprint”. Still, we found distinct evidence of terp enlargement that indicates different phases of settlement, presumably in response to the threats induced by storm flood events. Using brick-like ashes (unit F.1), we provide the first evidence of some type of (salt) peat processing on a local scale after the second Grote Mandränke and thus after the drowning of parts of the Trendermarsch in 1634 CE.
Atmospheric Mercury: Recent advances in theoretical, computational, experimental, observational and isotopic understanding to decipher its complex redox transformations in the upper and lower atmosphere and interaction with Earth surface reservoirs
Authors: Sommar Jonas O. , Tang Xueling , Shi Xinyu , Sun Guangyi , Lin Che-Jen , Feng Xinbin
Published: February 2025

Abstract. Mercury is a volatile heavy element with no known biological function. It is present in trace amounts (on average, ~80 ppb) but is not geochemically well-blended in the Earth's crust. As a result, it sometimes occurs in extremely high concentrations (up to a few %) in certain locations. It is found along tectonic plate faults in deposits of sulfide ores (cinnabar), and it has been extensively mobilized during the Anthropocene. Mercury is currently one of the most targeted global pollutants internationally, with methylmercury compounds being particularly neurotoxic. Over 5,000 tons of mercury are released into the atmosphere annually through primary emissions and secondary re-emissions. Much of the re-emitted mercury, resulting from exchanges with surface reservoirs, is considered to be related to (legacy) human activities, as are the direct releases. Understanding the dynamics of the global Hg cycle is critical to assessing the impact of emission reductions under the UN Minamata Convention, which became legally binding in 2017. This review of atmospheric mercury focuses on the fundamental advances in field, laboratory, and theoretical studies, including six stable Hg isotope analytical methods, that have contributed fairly recently to a more mature understanding of the complexity of the atmospheric Hg cycle and its interactions with the Earth's surface ecosystem.
Development and implementation of SOMA: A Secondary Organic Module for Aerosol integration in high-resolution air quality simulations
Authors: Ioannidis Giannis , Bouloti Nikoletta , Tremper Paul , Li Chaofan , Boikos Christos , Rapkos Nikolaos , Riedel Till , Dal Maso Miikka , Ntziachristos Leonidas
Published: February 2025

Abstract. Secondary Organic Aerosols (SOAs) are formed following oxidation of Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) in the atmosphere and have a significant contribution to fine particulate matter concentrations. Understanding SOA formation is crucial, particularly in urban environments, where various emission sources contribute across different time scales. To decipher SOA formation dynamics, this study introduces SOMA (Secondary Organic Module for Aerosol) embedded in air quality modelling. SOMA considers VOC oxidation with OH using species concentrations, exposure duration, NOx levels and SOA yields as inputs, the latter obtained from the GECKO-A model. A total of 113 experiments are gathered from literature, involving four different VOC species (α-pinene, isoprene, limonene, and toluene), to produce correction factors depending on ozone (O3) levels, relative humidity (RH), and temperature (T). SOMA was linked to CFD modelling and was used to characterise the dispersion of toluene SOA emissions from traffic in a heavily trafficked area in Augsburg, Germany. The dispersion model was used to simulate pollutant recirculation in the examined area using a novel approach by combining both local road traffic emissions and background sources. SOA formation from toluene was examined over a 12-h period. The results indicated that background SOA constituted 21–53 % of the identified SOA mass. After 7 hours, the influence of background SOA on modelled concentrations became negligible due to precursor consumption and dilution. The combination of high-resolution pollution maps generated by CFD and atmospheric chemistry involving SOA formation enhances the air quality modelling capabilities and can provide valuable information to the scientific community.
Anthropogenic aerosol influence on a mixed-phase cloud precipitation in early Meiyu season over Yangtze River Delta: simulated microphysical and thermodynamic effects
Authors: Song Ruiyu , Zhu Bin , Sha Lina , Qian Peng , Wang Fei , Lu Chunsong , Yin Yan , Wang Yuying
Published: February 2025

Abstract. The influence of anthropogenic aerosols on cloud formation and precipitation, through their effects on cloud microphysics and thermodynamics, is crucial for understanding the environmental impacts of human activities. This study uses the WRF-Chem model to simulate a mixed-phase cloud precipitation event during the early Meiyu season over the Yangtze River Delta, China, focusing on how anthropogenic aerosols influence cloud and precipitation processes via microphysical and thermodynamic mechanisms. Model experiments indicate that anthropogenic emissions, ranging from very low to normal levels, lead to a 2 % increase in ice crystal mixing ratio and a 50 % increase in latent heat release (peak at 8 km with a rate of 1.2 K h-1), thereby strengthening convection and enhancing precipitation by 6 %. In contrast, high emissions elevate cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) and cloud droplet number concentration, but decrease ice crystal production by 14 % and reduce the mean radius of cloud droplets by 37 %. These changes weaken the falling speed and collision efficiency of cloud droplets, leading to enhanced evaporative cooling and reduced vertical velocity, ultimately resulting in a 28 % decrease in precipitation. Process analysis reveals that cloud droplets below 5 km are transported downstream and subsequently uplifted to 12 km, where they contribute to the formation of additional ice crystals, releasing latent heat that strengthens convection and increases precipitation in the downstream region. This work provides insights into the impacts of anthropogenic aerosol emissions on precipitation, offering valuable reference data for future research on aerosol-cloud-precipitation interactions.
Harmonized Cloud Datasets for OMI and TROPOMI Using the O2‐O2 477 nm Absorption Band
Authors: Yu Huan , De Smedt Isabelle , Theys Nicolas , Sneep Maarten , Veefkind Pepijn , Van Roozendael Michel
Published: February 2025

Abstract. We present a new cloud retrieval algorithm using the O2-O2 absorption band at 477 nm, designed to provide harmonized cloud datasets from OMI and TROPOMI. The goal of these derived cloud data is to mitigate the influence of clouds on the retrieval of tropospheric trace gases from UV-visible nadir satellite spectrometers. The retrieval process consists of two main steps: first, spectral fitting is performed using the Differential Optical Absorption Spectroscopy (DOAS) method to determine the O2-O2 slant column and calculate the reflectance at the center of the fitting window. Second, these parameters are used to derive cloud fraction and cloud pressure. This retrieval algorithm builds on the OMI O2-O2 operational cloud algorithm (OMCLDO2) with several improvements. The fitting procedure uses a broader fitting window, incorporating the O2-O2 absorption bands at 446 and 477 nm, to more accurately derive O2-O2 slant column densities (SCD). A de-striping correction is applied to address across-track variability, and an offset correction motivated by radiative transfer simulations is introduced to correct the O2-O2 SCD bias between OMI and TROPOMI. Additionally, a temperature correction factor is included to account for the temperature dependence of both the O2-O2 SCD and the O2-O2 absorption cross-section. Consistent auxiliary data, such as meteorological information and surface albedo database, are used for both sensors. Due to the suboptimal quality of solar irradiance measurements by OMI, a fixed annual averaged irradiance for 2005 is used as a reference for the reflectance spectra in the spectral fittings. To evaluate the performance of our retrieval approach, we compare it with the OMCLDO2 algorithm for both OMI and TROPOMI. The cloud fraction retrievals demonstrate good agreement, whereas the cloud pressure retrievals show a systematic bias, particularly in nearly cloud-free scenes. Our cloud pressure estimates tend to be higher than OMCLDO2 for OMI and lower for TROPOMI. Notably, our approach demonstrates improved consistency in cloud parameters, especially cloud pressure, between the two sensors compared to OMCLDO2. However, a consistent bias of approximately 0.05 in cloud fraction retrievals is observed, primarily attributed to differences in L1b data. Applying these cloud corrections to NO2 retrievals reveals that the average impact of cloud corrections ranges from -6 % to 11 % in polluted regions. Differences in NO2 AMF resulting from varying cloud correction methods can exceed 10 %. Importantly, the new correction approach achieves better consistency in NO2 retrievals between OMI and TROPOMI.
Study the Effect of Chemical Solutions on Disinfection in Prosthodontics Clinic Using Digital Ultrasonic Cleaner
Authors: M. Al-Kateb Hala
Published: February 2025

Objective: The disinfection measures used by dentists are inadequate and require the education and enhancement of dental practitioners’ skills to improve the safety of patients receiving treatment at dental offices. In a medical setting, the remaining bacteria that naturally exist on a patient’s body, known as endogenous flora, often leads to the transmission of infections. The objective of this study was to identify a simple and precise technique for disinfecting a prosthodontics clinic through the utilization of a chemical solution.
Methods: Swabs were collected from the patients who wear a complete denture who were contaminated, both before and after being exposed to a sterilization system. By measuring the turbidity and absorbance at 620nm using a UV spectrophotometer, we can determine the characteristics of the broth after it has been incubated at 36.5°C for 24 hours. Utilized a solution containing 0.5% sodium hypochlorite and 2% chlorhexidine. The bacterial growth was subjected to two rounds of exposure to two chemical disinfectants, each for durations of 90 seconds and 180 seconds respectively.
Results: The bacterial growth exhibited a decrease after being treated to a chemical disinfectant in a time-dependent way.
Conclusion: This study determined that the chemical solution effectively reduces bacterial development within a short period of time, providing the most convenient, rapid, and precise approach for disinfecting dental materials.
Novel Surgical Method for Contour Restoration in Patients with Micrognathia
Authors: Sabah Hassan
Published: February 2025

The bone graft procedure is the most popular approach that has been utilized to repair and shape the micrognathia. Several other treatments have also been employed. The new surgical technique is a comprehensive technique, it gives a ridge and permanent chin with a normal esthetic appearance.
(anti)Racismo y el papel de la mujer tradicional en Siete martes (2021) de El Chojin
Authors: Bartolomé Alfonso
Published: February 2025

Siete martes (2021) es la última y más ambiciosa novela del cantante madrileño de hip-hop El Chojin. La obra describe la vida de dos treintañeros que se conocen a través de una amiga en común a pesar de provenir de bagajes socioculturales dispares. Edú –psicólogo de profesión– se encargará de tratar profesionalmente durante un breve periodo de tiempo a la otra protagonista de la historia. Carol –víctima de violencia machista–, asistirá a las sesiones de Edú para intentar salir de una relación sentimental tóxica con su pareja de toda la vida. A través de los relatos vitales de ambos protagonistas, la obra aquí analizada es una excelente muestra del racismo presente en la sociedad española a través de diferentes vías como son los estereotipos, las preconcepciones o simplemente la ignorancia. Igualmente, se indagará en los problemas que conllevan los comportamientos de una feminidad tradicional en la España actual.
Prácticas artísticas comunitarias y memorias del conflicto armado en Colombia: creación colectiva para resistir al olvido
Authors: Ramos-Delgado David , López-Duplat Laura
Published: February 2025

Este artículo presenta algunos resultados parciales del proyecto de investigación “Formas de hacer el pasado en Colombia: prácticas artísticas comunitarias y conflicto armado” (2024), el cual busca -a partir de una investigación de corte documental- estudiar las Prácticas Artísticas Comunitarias (PAC) que abordan la memoria del conflicto armado en Colombia, entre 1991 y 2024, desde la producción académica encontrada en repositorios institucionales de universidades y bases de datos. En este documento se analizan los modos como los procesos de creación con comunidades víctimas en varios territorios del país han consolidado memorias del conflicto armado, en tanto formas de lucha contra el olvido desde procesos de creación colectiva. Para ello, se toman cinco PAC como casos emblemáticos, identificados en la pesquisa documental, a saber: En la Grieta, La Piel de la memoria, El Costurero Tejedoras por la Memoria, El Parque Monumento a la Vida y Magdalenas por el Cauca. Para ello, el texto se estructura en varias partes: una introducción para presentar la generalidad; luego, una aproximación conceptual desde varios frentes como el normativo, las prácticas artísticas como resistencia al olvido y algunas características de las prácticas artísticas como estrategias de creación con comunidades; posteriormente, se hacen algunas precisiones metodológicas de la investigación; después, se realizan los análisis y se precisan varios hallazgos sobre las PAC seleccionadas; finalmente, se hace un cierra con conclusiones sobre aportes de las PAC como formas de creación colectiva y resistencia al olvido.
La buena mezcla del auriga platónico: la labilidad del hombre contemporáneo bajo el lente de la sabiduría griega
Authors: Suárez Trejo Javier Teofilo
Published: February 2025

El presente ensayo propone una interpretación antropológico-filosófica del ser humano a partir de la noción de ser-intermediario de Paul Ricoeur. La primera parte se enfoca en las figuras míticas de Apolo y Dionisos cuya relación expresaría, de forma práctico-sapiencial, el carácter intermediador de lo humano. Desde esta perspectiva, se comprobará que la lectura nietzscheana del mito revela un prejuicio antropológico moderno que ha olvidado la posibilidad de experimentar la tragicidad de la existencia humana como radical fragilidad de sus mediaciones o, en términos de Ricoeur, como “patética de la miseria”. La segunda parte se enfoca en la transformación dualista que experimenta el mito en la filosofía platónica y que se encarna en la imagen del auriga como agente mediador de los extremos del alma, así como en la figura del político, tejedor intermediario entre la urdimbre y la trama de la esfera política. Se verá que la filosofía platónica, a través de la noción de la justa medida (tò métrion), recupera la sabiduría práctica que una antropología filosófica que define al hombre como ser-mezclador exige.
Tractatus Logico Philosophicus y Analysis Situs: aires de familia
Authors: Cardona Suárez Carlos Alberto
Published: February 2025

El artículo explora vasos comunicantes entre el Tractatus Logico Philosophicus de Ludwig Wittgenstein y el Analysis situs de Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz. Se muestra que las caracterizaciones de objetos en el Tractatus y de puntos en el Analysis situs siguen patrones similares. También se exploran las similitudes y diferencias entre el pretender que «la proposición puede representar la realidad entera» (TLP, § 4.12) o «todas [las proposiciones] están unidas por una trama infinitamente fina al gran espejo» (TLP, § 5.511) y el hecho de que «cada sustancia simple [tiene] relaciones que expresan a todas las demás, y [por consiguiente] es un espejo vivo y perpetuo del universo» (Monadología, § 56).