bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Sediment-redox dynamics in an oligotrophic deep-water lake in Tierra del Fuego: insights from Fe isotopes
Authors: Ordoñez Rendón Luis Gabriel , Neugebauer Ina , Thomas Camille , Chiaradia Massimo , Waldmann Nicolas , Ariztegui Daniel
Published: April 2024

For long time in the history of Earth, ferruginous conditions governed the oceans. With the rise of oxygen during the Proterozoic era and the subsequent evolution of living organisms, worldwide deposition of iron formations occurred. These sedimentary units reveal the transition into oxic oceans, passing by local and transitory euxinic conditions, especially in coastal shelves. Constraining the iron cycle and the biogeochemical processes occurring in present and past ferruginous basins helps answering some of the question regarding global oxygenation, the evolution of life and past climate changes. Therefore, Fe speciation and Fe isotopes in both Proterozoic and recent sedimentary records have been widely used to reconstruct past basin dynamics and redox conditions in the sediment–water interface. However, sedimentation and early diagenesis can alter paleoredox proxies and their primary climate signals. In this work, we disentangled alteration processes occurring at the redox front below the sediment–water interface of a ventilated deep-water lake (Lago Fagnano, Argentina/Chile). A sequential extraction protocol was applied to characterize two reactive Fe pools: Fe oxyhydroxides and reduced iron. Subsequently, Fe isotopes were constrained to determine the main processes mobilizing Fe. At the redox front, ferric minerals reach a δ56Fe value of − 1.3‰ resulting from oxidation of dissolved Fe likely following a Rayleigh distillation effect. Dissolved Fe is produced right below via Fe reduction, as shown by the low ferric Fe content. Our observations delineate a redox cycle and a redox horizon undergoing constant upward migration, initiated by regular sedimentation. However, during events of increased rapid sedimentation (e.g., seismites) this dynamic cycle is interrupted inducing full or partial preservation of the Fe-rich redox front. In such case, oxidation of dissolved Fe is interrupted and can be recycled in ferrous minerals, such as Fe monosulfides and amorphous phases with δ56Fe values down to − 1.7 ‰. These findings have significant implications for the recording of biogeochemical cycles in the geological past, the use of Fe isotopes in freshwater-lake sediments for paleoclimate studies, and the progress of our knowledge regarding the geochemistry of past oceans.
Shifts in belowground processes along a temperate forest edge
Authors: Abramoff Rose Z. , Warren Jeffrey M. , Harris Jessica , Ottinger Sarah , Phillips Jana R. , Garvey Sarah M. , Winbourne Joy , Smith Ian , Reinmann Andrew , Hutyra Lucy , Allen David W. , Mayes Melanie A.
Published: April 2024

Context

Forests are increasingly fragmented, and as a result most forests in the United States are within one km of an edge. Edges change environmental conditions of the forest—especially radiation, roughness, temperature, and moisture—that can have consequences for plant productivity and ecosystem functions. However, edge effects on aboveground characteristics of plants and the environment are better understood relative to plant roots and soil in the belowground environment.

Objectives

Our main objectives were to determine if soil C pools and fluxes are higher at the edge relative to other landscape positions, and to understand how specific belowground processes contribute to bulk differences in pools and fluxes.

Methods

We measured environmental conditions, live and dead fine root traits, soil chemistry, and soil respiration along a 75 m transect from interior forest to meadow in Gaithersburg, MD.

Results

We observed differences in the soil chemical, biological and hydrological environment between the forest interior, edge and adjacent meadow. In some cases, the forest edge represented a mid-point in environmental or belowground characteristics between the forest interior and meadow (e.g., pH, C-to-N ratio [C:N], live fine root biomass, heterotrophic respiration), likely reflecting the change in litter type and quality associated with the transition from grass to woody species. In other cases, neighboring landscape positions were different from the forest edge, which was drier and had higher dead fine root biomass. Although soil C contents were not significantly different across landscape positions, there was a tendency towards higher average soil C content at the edge relative to other landscape positions, suggesting that increased C loss related to root decay and greater soil respiration at the edge relative to the forest interior may have been offset by increased C gain from high plant productivity and subsequent inputs to soil.

Conclusions

This research provides insight into how forest edge environments may differ from the interior and how concurrent processes above- and belowground may contribute to those differences.
Profile of metacaspase gene expression in Plasmodium vivax field isolates from the Brazilian Amazon
Authors: Blanco Carolina Moreira , de Souza Hugo Amorim dos Santos , Martins Priscilla da Costa , Fabbri Camila , Souza Fernanda Souza de , Lima-Junior Josué da Costa , Lopes Stefanie Costa Pinto , Pratt-Riccio Lilian Rose , Daniel-Ribeiro Cláudio Tadeu , Totino Paulo Renato Rivas
Published: April 2024

Background

Metacaspases comprise a family of cysteine proteases implicated in both cell death and cell differentiation of protists that has been considered a potential drug target for protozoan parasites. However, the biology of metacaspases in Plasmodium vivax − the second most prevalent and most widespread human malaria parasite worldwide, whose occurrence of chemoresistance has been reported in many endemic countries, remains largely unexplored. Therefore, the present study aimed to address, for the first time, the expression pattern of metacaspases in P. vivax parasites.

Methods and results

P. vivax blood-stage parasites were obtained from malaria patients in the Brazilian Amazon and the expression of the three putative P. vivax metacaspases (PvMCA1-3) was detected in all isolates by quantitative PCR assay. Of note, the expression levels of each PvMCA varied noticeably across isolates, which presented different frequencies of parasite forms, supporting that PvMCAs may be expressed in a stage-specific manner as previously shown in P. falciparum.

Conclusion

The detection of metacaspases in P. vivax blood-stage parasites reported herein, allows the inclusion of these proteases as a potential candidate drug target for vivax malaria, while further investigations are still required to evaluate the activity, role and essentiality of metacaspases in P. vivax biology.
Between social cognition and material engagement: the cooperative body hypothesis
Authors: Kee Hayden
Published: April 2024

In recent years, social cognition approaches to human evolution and Material Engagement Theory have offered new theoretical resources to advance our understanding of the prehistoric hominin mind. To date, however, these two approaches have developed largely in isolation from one another. I argue that there is a gap between social- and material-centred approaches, and that this is precisely the sociomateriality of the appearance of ancestral hominin bodies, which evolved under selective pressure to develop increasingly complex, cooperative sociality. To get this sociomaterial body in focus, I develop an esthesiological framework, appropriated from Merleau-Ponty (2003), for interpreting the expressive body in an evolutionary and comparative context. The guiding hypothesis of esthesiology is that before being rationality (social or material), “humanity is another corporeity” (Merleau-Ponty, 2003, p. 208). Esthesiology studies the appearance of the body and its sense organs as an intertwining locus of a sensing power (the ability to see, to touch, etc.) and a sensible character (the visible, touchable body). It is this dual-aspect character of the body that facilitates the most basic affective and sensorimotor modes of sociality. Examining these features from a comparative perspective, we find that the human body is distinctively suited to prosocial communication and cooperation: a more cooperative eye, an exposed and communicative skin. I thus propose a cooperative body hypothesis, by analogy with the cooperative eye hypothesis (Tomasello et al., 2007). Esthesiology provides a framework for integrating and interpreting a wide range of otherwise disconnected facts concerning human and nonhuman animal bodies, forms of life, cognition, and evolution, thereby bridging the gap between social cognition and material engagement perspectives. In doing so, however, it not only solves problems and proposes new directions of investigation, but also demands theoretical revisions from each.
Measuring sustainability consciousness in Italy
Authors: Bacci Silvia , Bertaccini Bruno , Macrì Ester , Pettini Anna
Published: April 2024

Sustainability can be conceived as an ideal state in which society, environment and economy can thrive without harming each other in the present, future and global space. In this paper, we validate the Italian version of the sustainability consciousness questionnaire developed by a Swedish research group. The psychometric construct aims to measure individual sustainability consciousness through a combination of knowingness, attitudes and behaviour. The validation process is based on the hierarchical confirmatory factor analysis model and includes both the long and short forms of the questionnaire proposed in the original study. Specifically, we propose two alternative approaches to validate the short form, one based on the same subset of items as the original proposal and another based on a data-driven strategy that resulted in a different subset of items. Once validated on a national level, the sustainability consciousness questionnaire becomes a valuable tool for researchers and policymakers to assess the sustainability consciousness levels within a national or local population regarding this crucial issue, enabling the design of more precisely targeted policies.
Predicting expected idiosyncratic volatility: Empirical evidence from ARFIMA, HAR, and EGARCH models
Authors: Xiao Chuxuan , Huang Winifred , Newton David P.
Published: April 2024

We investigate the performances of the ARFIMA, HAR, and EGARCH models in capturing the time-varying property of idiosyncratic volatility (IVOL). We find that the expected IVOL predictions by HAR are superior. In diverse portfolio scenarios, a greater degree of judgment is required to assess the pricing ability of expected IVOLs. For the lowest value-weighted quintiles and the expected IVOL estimated by the HAR model, the IVOL-return relationship is negative. Conversely, the IVOL-return relationship is positive for the expected IVOL estimated by the EGARCH model. Further evidence suggests a complicated and mixed relationship between the expected IVOL estimated by the ARFIMA model and stock returns.
Eligibility of a novel BW + technology and comparison of sensitivity and specificity of different imaging methods for radiological caries detection
Authors: Becker Kathrin , Ehrlich Henrike , Hüfner Mira , Rauch Nicole , Busch Caroline , Schwarz-Herzke Beryl , Drescher Dieter , Becker Jürgen
Published: April 2024

Objectives

Bitewing radiography is considered to be of high diagnostic value in caries detection, but owing to projections, lesions may remain undetected. The novel bitewing plus (BW +) technology enables scrolling through radiographs in different directions and angles. The present study aimed at comparing BW + with other 2D and 3D imaging methods in terms of sensitivity, specificity, and user reliability.

Materials and methods

Five human cadavers were used in this study. In three cadavers, natural teeth were transplanted post-mortem. BW + , two-dimensional (digital sensors, imaging plates, 2D and 3D bitewing radiographs) and 3D methods (high and low dose CBCT) were taken. Carious lesions were evaluated on 96 teeth at three positions (mesial, distal, and occlusal) and scored according to their level of demineralization by ten observers, resulting in 35,799 possible lesions across all observers and settings. For reference, µCT scans of all teeth were performed.

Results

Overall, radiographic evaluations showed a high rate of false-negative diagnoses, with around 70% of lesions remaining undetected, especially enamel lesions. BW + showed the highest sensitivity for dentinal caries and had comparatively high specificity overall.

Conclusions

Within the limits of the study, BW + showed great potential for added diagnostic value, especially for dentinal caries. However, the tradeoff of diagnostic benefit and radiation exposure must be considered according to each patient’s age and risk.
Bidding for B2B or B2G tenders: toward the adoption of pricing models in practice
Authors: Herrmann Heinz , Cobo Martín M. J.
Published: April 2024

This study investigates the lack of adoption of pricing models for tenders in business-to-business (B2B) and business-to-government (B2G) markets. We aim to identify the gaps between research and practice and propose a future research agenda to bridge these gaps. Our study contributes in three ways: First, we outline how our research agenda can influence the adoption of pricing models across specific practitioner roles in tendering. Second, we introduce systematic science mapping (SSM) as a novel methodology for literature reviews. SSM combines a systematic review and science mapping in a multi-stage, mixed-methods research design. We chart the evolution of 1042 research publications from 1956 to 2022 into three thematic areas. Our review of 163 gray literature publications reveals seven schools of thought on tender price modeling and the causes of theory-to-practice gaps. Finally, we introduce a new metric, the mapping factor (MAPF), as a robustness indicator for systematic literature reviews.
Environmentally friendly silver nanoparticles synthesized from Verbascum nudatum var. extract and evaluation of its versatile biological properties and dye degradation activity
Authors: Hazman Ömer , Khamidov Gofur , Yilmaz Mustafa Abdullah , Bozkurt Mehmet Fatih , Kargioğlu Mustafa , Tukhtaev Davlat , Erol Ibrahim
Published: April 2024

In the present study, green synthesis of silver nanoparticles (VNE-AgNPs) via Verbascum nudatum extract was carried out for the first time. The synthesized AgNPs were characterized by different spectral methods such as UV–vis, FTIR, XRD, TEM, and EDAX. According to TEM analyses, the average size range of AgNPs was 17–21 nm, and the dominant peaks in the 111°, 200°, 221°, and 311° planes in the XRD pattern indicated the Ag-NPs FCC crystal structure. FTIR data showed that VNE-AgNPs interacted with many reducing, capping, and stabilizing phytochemicals during green synthesis. VNE-AgNPs had higher antibacterial activity against S. aureus and E. coli bacterial strains with a maximum inhibition zone of 21 and 18 mm, respectively, than penicillin 5 IU, used as a positive control in the study. The cytotoxic effect of VNE-AgNPs appeared at a concentration of 50 µg/mL in L929 cells and 5 µg/mL in cancer (A549) cells. When the impact of VNE-AgNPs and C-AgNPs on inflammation was compared, it was found that VNE-AgNPs increased TNF-α levels (333.45 ± 67.20 ng/mg-protein) statistically (p < 0.05) more than TNF-α levels (256.92 ± 27.88 ng/mg-protein) in cells treated with C-AgNPs. VNE-Ag-NPs were found to have a degradation efficiency of 65% against methylene blue (MB) dye within 3 h.

Graphical Abstract
Assessment and mapping of noise pollution in recreation spaces using geostatistic method after COVID-19 lockdown in Turkey
Authors: Olgun Rifat , Karakuş Nihat , Selim Serdar , Eyileten Buket
Published: April 2024

Increased use of recreational areas after the lifting of COVID-19 pandemic restrictions has led to increased noise levels. This study aims to determine the level of noise pollution experienced in recreational areas with the increasing domestic and international tourism activities after the lifting of pandemic lockdowns, to produce spatial distribution maps of noise pollution, and to develop strategic planning suggestions for reducing noise pollution in line with the results obtained. Antalya-Konyaaltı Beach Recreation Area, the most important international tourism destination of Turkey, is determined as the study area. To determine the existing noise pollution, 31 measurement points were marked at 100 m intervals within the study area. Noise measurements were taken during the daytime (07:00–19:00), evening (19:00–23:00), and nighttime (23:00–07:00) on weekdays (Monday, Wednesday, Friday) and weekends (Sunday) over 2 months in the summer when the lockdown was lifted. In addition, the sound level at each measurement point was recorded for 15 min, while the number of vehicles passing through the area during the same period was determined. The database created as a result of measurements and observations was analyzed using statistical and geostatistical methods. After the analysis of the data, it was found that the co-kriging-stable model showed superior performance in noise mapping. Additionally, it was revealed that there is a high correlation between traffic density and noise intensity, with the highest equivalent noise level (Leq) on weekdays and weekend evenings due to traffic and user density. In conclusion, regions exposed to intense noise pollution were identified and strategic planning recommendations were developed to prevent/reduce noise sources in these identified regions.
Guidelines on the selection and inventory of social life cycle assessment indicators: a case study on flexible plastic packaging in the European circular economy
Authors: Haslinger Anna-Sophie , Huysveld Sophie , Cadena Erasmo , Dewulf Jo
Published: April 2024

Purpose

Emerging technologies are addressing current challenges to shift from a linear to a circular economy. However, the consideration of social aspects in this context is limited, and the prioritization of indicators appears arbitrary in the absence of clear and robust selection criteria. Following social life cycle assessment (S-LCA) principles, the aim of this paper is to guide the selection and inventory of social indicators based on a case study on evolving flexible packaging within the European circular economy.

Methods

To achieve the objective, the study involves several steps, including conducting a systematic literature review to identify key stakeholders, impact subcategories, indicators, and inventories for circular flexible plastic packaging. Multi-criteria decision analysis (MCDA) is applied to preselect a set of indicators, followed by stakeholder engagement in prioritizing impact indicators through participatory methods. Subsequently, a data collection procedure was established.

Results and discussion

This paper presents a materiality ranking for 19 social indicators tailored to the emerging circular flexible packaging. The result is a prioritization of nine of these indicators, including Existence of record of proof of age, Percentage of workers who are paid a living wage or above, and Existence of certified environmental management system. These nine indicators form the basis for the collection of respective inventory data for an entry-level assessment. Furthermore, guidelines on 11 procedural steps were formulated based on these findings. Moreover, challenges of synonymity and inconsistency in S-LCA terminology, besides inaccessible inventory data especially in the context of evolving recycling technologies, are identified as substantial barriers in the effort to streamline and perform S-LCA.

Conclusions

The paper concludes that prioritizing indicators is essential for entry-level and prospective assessments, especially when time and data are limited. Additionally, using primary inventory data to evaluate the foreground system and its direct impacts on stakeholders promotes accountability and corporate social responsibility. Furthermore, a set of procedural steps, from defining the system boundary to preparing the data questionnaire, serves as a valuable resource for practitioners across diverse industries.

Recommendations

In future research, these nine prioritized indicators can be applied to assess the social performance of various case studies along the value chain of circular flexible plastic packaging, covering food and non-food applications. In addition, the methodological guidelines for selecting and prioritizing indicators can be replicated across multiple industry sectors. Moreover, research effort should be directed towards establishing a methodological framework for prospective S-LCA in the context of emerging technologies.
Rock-Cut Slipways and Slipping Techniques at Dana Island Shipyard
Authors: Öniz Hakan , Büyükkol Semih
Published: April 2024

One of the great recent discoveries in maritime archaeology was the discovery, in 2015, of a hitherto unknown shipyard in the Cilicia Region. Approximately 294 slipways/shipsheds were found on Dana Island (Pitusu-Pityoussa) in eastern Rough Cilicia (Cilicia Trachea), on the Mediterranean coast of Turkey. Recent studies carried out in 2023 on the island have added to our knowledge of the techniques of landing and servicing vessels, while also uncovering an additional small slipway at this location. Some of the rock-cut slipways for the ships have modestly sized rock-cut constructions behind or between them, and these have been interpreted as service areas for the tenders to the mother ships. These features may indicate that maintenance of both the ship and tender was carried out simultaneously. The rock-cut slipways on Dana Island have different characteristics and range considerably in type and size, implying the use of different slipping techniques at various periods. A number of these features are present on other known ancient slipways in the Mediterranean, such as Rhtymna, Eulimna and Matalon (Crete), Tell Dor (Israel), and Apollonia (Cyrenaica-Libya).
Fundamentals of Arthroscopic Surgery Training and beyond: a reinforcement learning exploration and benchmark
Authors: Ovinnikov Ivan , Beuret Ami , Cavaliere Flavia , Buhmann Joachim M.
Published: April 2024

Purpose

This work presents , a benchmark set of instrument manipulation tasks adapted to the domain of reinforcement learning and used in simulated surgical training. This benchmark enables and supports the design and training of human-centric reinforcement learning agents which assist and evaluate human trainees in surgical practice.

Methods

Simulation tasks from the Fundamentals of Arthroscopic Surgery Training (FAST) program are adapted to the reinforcement learning setting for the purpose of training virtual agents that are capable of providing assistance and scoring to the surgical trainees. A skill performance assessment protocol is presented based on the trained virtual agents.

Results

The proposed benchmark suite presents an API for training reinforcement learning agents in the context of arthroscopic skill training. The evaluation scheme based on both heuristic and learned reward functions robustly recovers the ground truth ranking on a diverse test set of human trajectories.

Conclusion

The presented benchmark enables the exploration of a novel reinforcement learning-based approach to skill performance assessment and in-procedure assistance for simulated surgical training scenarios. The evaluation protocol based on the learned reward model demonstrates potential for evaluating the performance of surgical trainees in simulation.
Representations of (Nano)technology in Comics from the ‘NanoKOMIK’ Project
Authors: Urueña Sergio
Published: April 2024

Representations of science and technology, embodied as imaginaries, visions, and expectations, have become a growing focus of analysis. These representations are of interest to normative approaches to science and technology, such as Hermeneutic Technology Assessment and Responsible Innovation, because of their ability to modulate understandings of science and technology and to influence scientific and technological development. This article analyses the culture of participation underlying the NanoKOMIK project and the representations and meanings of (nano)science and (nano)technology communicated in the two nano-fiction comic books created as part of the project: Dayanne and Murillo. The power of nanoscience (2016) and NanoKOMIK #2 (2017). The article argues that despite NanoKOMIK’s efforts to engage the public with (nano)science and (nano)technology, it reproduces non-binding modes of public participation and transmits socio-technical meanings that are instrumental in the social legitimisation of (nano)technology. More specifically, the analysis shows that NanoKOMIK’s comic books, in addition to not problematising the risks and conveying an eminently positive view of nanotechnology, also communicate certain ‘myth-conceptions’ of scientific activity and its products. For example, they convey an individualistic and linear vision of research and innovation and an instrumentalist and neutral (or ‘value-free’) view of technology. These findings highlight the importance of critically analysing the ‘cultures of participation’ that characterise and reproduce ‘participatory’ or ‘collaborative’ projects and the representations of (nano)science and (nano)technology that they perpetuate.
Breaking Barriers: How Do the Marketing Capabilities of Emerging-Market Micro-Multinationals Drive Social Innovation?
Authors: Khan Huda , Amankwah-Amoah Joseph , Lee Richard , Knight Gary , Hussain Nazim
Published: April 2024

Despite the increasing importance of social innovation, research seeking to illuminate how firms engage in social innovation in emerging markets is limited. Utilizing survey data from 143 Pakistani micro-multinational firms operating in other emerging markets, this study examined how these firms undertook social innovation practices in host emerging markets. The findings indicate that the social innovation practices of these firms in host emerging markets are influenced by dynamic marketing capabilities. Furthermore, this influence is mediated by social embeddedness in the host market. Moreover, this mediated influence is positively moderated by a socially supportive culture of the host market. The impact of marketing capabilities on value creation in host emerging markets involves the serial mediation of social embeddedness and social innovation practices. The study demonstrates how resource-constrained emerging-market micro-multinational firms can generate value in host emerging markets, thereby validating the efficacy of dynamic marketing capabilities in the context of social innovation in emerging markets. The study also discusses practical and policy implications.
Der „Fingerzeig“ der Lehrkraft: Zusammenhänge zwischen Leistungs- und Verhaltensmerkmalen von Schulklassen und dem Vorliegen eines sonderpädagogischen Unterstützungsbedarfs im Lernen
Authors: Koßmann Raphael , Kölm Jenny , Gresch Cornelia
Published: April 2024

Schüler*innen, die deutliche Lernrückstände aufweisen, kann in Deutschland ein „sonderpädagogischer Unterstützungsbedarf im Lernen“ (SPU-L) zugeschrieben werden. In allen Bundesländern wird mit dieser individuumsbezogenen Kategorie zieldifferente Unterrichtung für das betreffende Kind ermöglicht. Aktuelle Studien lieferten Hinweise darauf, dass referenzgruppenbezogene Einflüsse analog zu jenen bei der schulischen Leistungsbeurteilung auch in den Vorschlag zur Überprüfung eines Kindes auf einen SPU‑L mit eingehen. Zugleich ist von Einflüssen weiterer, für die Unterrichtsdurchführung relevanter Merkmale von Schulklassen auszugehen. In der vorliegenden Studie wurde daher der Frage nachgegangen, inwiefern Merkmale der Leistungsverteilung sowie Verhaltens- und Hintergrundmerkmale von Schulklassen mit der Wahrscheinlichkeit eines festgestellten SPU‑L zusammenhängen. Datengrundlage bildete eine aus dem IQB-Bildungstrend 2016 gewonnene Analysestichprobe von 10.398 Kindern aus 543 Klassen, in welchen 561 Schüler*innen mit SPU‑L inklusiv unterrichtet wurden. Anhand logistischer Mehrebenen-Regressionsanalysen zeigte sich, dass verschiedene Kompositionsmerkmale von Schulklassen in Zusammenhang mit der Wahrscheinlichkeit stehen, einen SPU‑L aufzuweisen. Als zentrale Prädiktorvariable auf Gruppenebene erwies sich die mittlere fachliche Kompetenz einer Schulklasse. Die Wahrscheinlichkeit, bei gleichen individuellen Leistungen einen SPU‑L aufzuweisen, war bei höheren mittleren fachlichen Leistungen einer Klasse erhöht. Einen zusätzlichen Erklärungsbeitrag lieferte der Anteil an Schüler*innen mit festgestelltem SPU im Bereich emotionale und soziale Entwicklung (SPU-ESE). Ein höherer Anteil von Kindern mit festgestelltem SPU-ESE in einer Klasse hing mit einer geringeren Chance auf das Vorliegen eines SPU‑L zusammen. Insgesamt weisen die gefundenen Zusammenhänge erneut darauf hin, dass der SPU‑L, entgegen seiner Intention, eine von schulischen Kontextfaktoren abhängige Kategorie ist. Es ergeben sich weitere Forschungsfragen sowie Hinweise auf Möglichkeiten zur Verbesserung der Diagnostik.
Reimagining the language of engagement in a post-stakeholder world
Authors: Reed Mark S. , Merkle Bethann Garramon , Cook Elizabeth J. , Hafferty Caitlin , Hejnowicz Adam P. , Holliman Richard , Marder Ian D. , Pool Ursula , Raymond Christopher M. , Wallen Kenneth E. , Whyte David , Ballesteros Marta , Bhanbhro Sadiq , Borota Siniša , Brennan Marnie L. , Carmen Esther , Conway Elaine A. , Everett Rosie , Armstrong-Gibbs Fiona , Jensen Eric , Koren Gerbrand , Lockett Jenny , Obani Pedi , O’Connor Seb , Prange Laurie , Mason Jon , Robinson Simon , Shukla Priya , Tarrant Anna , Marchetti Alessandro , Stroobant Mascha
Published: April 2024

Language matters in shaping perceptions and guiding behaviour. The term stakeholder is widely used, yet little attention is paid to the possibility that its use may inadvertently perpetuate colonial narratives and reinforce systemic inequities. In this article, we critically examine the limitations of the stakeholder concept and its ambiguity, normativity, and exclusionary implications. We emphasise the importance of using language that gives a voice to marginalised groups, promotes inclusion and equity, and fosters meaningful and reflexive participation in decision-making processes. In critiquing the use of the term and calling for alternative practices, we aim to contribute to the decolonisation of research norms and the creation of more inclusive and equitable societies. Therefore, rather than advocating a single alternative term, we suggest a focus on the people, places, and species affected by decisions, interventions, projects, and issues.
In Situ Synthesis and Characterization of Conductive Hybrid Composites Using Functionalized 3D Molybdenum Disulfide Nanoflowers
Authors: García-Carvajal S. , Nicho M. E. , Hernández-Martínez D. , Fuentes-Pérez M. , Nicasio-Collazo J. , Ruiz-Santoyo V. , Arenas-Arrocena M. C.
Published: April 2024

We obtained 3D nanoflowers of MoS2 (3D-MoS2) with an average size of 1–3 µm synthesized by a one-step hydrothermal method, the "flower-shape" being composed of several petal-like sheets with a thickness of about 19 nm. The 3D nanoflowers underwent functionalization with diethyl[2-hydroxy-2-(thiophen-3-yl)ethyl]phosphonate and 2-tiophene carboxylic acid. P3HT/MoS2 composites were synthesized by Grignard metathesis using a 2,5-dibromo-3-hexylthiophene/MoS2 weight ratio of 1:0.05. As a reference, the P3HT/MoS2 composites were also synthesized with unfunctionalized 3D-MoS2. The P3HT/MoS2 composites were characterized by FTIR, XRD, TEM, 1H NMR, UV–Vis, TGA, and cyclic voltammetry. We studied the influence of 3D-MoS2 nanoflowers functionalized with phosphonic and carboxyl groups on the properties of the P3HT/MoS2 composites. The addition of functionalized 3D-MoS2 in the P3HT/MoS2 composites improved the percentage of HT dyads and the definition of shoulders in the dyad signal, indicating a better arrangement of the polymeric chains in the P3HT/3D-MoS2 functionalized composites. In addition, the functionalization of the 3D-MoS2 white phosphonic group increased the conjugation length, the percentage of crystallinity, and the conductivity. Likewise, the P3HT/MoS2 functionalized composites showed a decrease in the energy gap compared to P3HT. The functionalization of the 3D-MoS2 was successfully carried out, and a close interaction between the P3HT and 3D-MoS2 was determined. We achieved the in situ synthesis of P3HT/MoS2 composites by Grignard metathesis using functionalized 3D-MoS2 obtained by the hydrothermal method. We compared two functionalization groups with 3D-MoS2 and their subsequent polymerization with P3HT. Our work provides evidence for a better performance in composites functionalized with a phosphonate group because a phosphonic anchor provides strong electronic coupling with the 3D-MoS2. The above makes this material suitable for applications in flexible electronics photosensors, electrochromic devices, photocatalysis, and harvesting energy material in solar cells.

Graphical Abstract
Does the economic motivation of firms to address the United Nations’ Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) promote the SDGs or merely SDG-washing? Critical empirical evidence from Japan and Vietnam
Authors: Nishitani Kimitaka , Nguyen Thi Bich Hue , Kokubu Katsuhiko
Published: April 2024

The United Nations’ Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) call on all firms to apply their creativity and innovation to solving sustainable development challenges. There is then an argument that firms should address the SDGs by applying the creating shared value (CSV) framework. However, we cannot exclude the possibility that this is nothing more than “business as usual” implemented in the name of the SDGs, or so-called SDG-washing, thereby limiting firm contributions to the SDGs. Although the SDG Compass, the most referenced business guideline on SDGs, currently encourages firms to address the SDGs using their economic motivation, it is uncertain whether it provides the right direction for achieving them. The purpose of this study is to address whether the economic motivation of firms to achieve the SDGs is practically preferable in contrast to the ethical motivation. Using data on Japanese and Vietnamese firms, we empirically analyse whether the degree of a firm’s proactiveness to address the SDGs depends on its economic and/or ethical motivations from a stakeholder management perspective. Our estimation results clarify that an ethical motivation continues to play a more significant role for firms in addressing the SDGs. Put differently, while CSV appears an attractive framework for firms to address the SDGs, its actual contribution remains partial and tentative, and it has thus been criticized for overemphasizing any economic motivation that potentially promotes SDG-washing. It is important to note that this could also ultimately decrease economic value by harming the firm’s reputation.
Refining systems of mad families
Authors: Fischer Vera , Koelbing Marlene , Wohofsky Wolfgang
Published: April 2024

We construct a model in which there exists a refining matrix of regular height λ larger than $$\mathfrak{h}$$
h
; both $$\lambda = \mathfrak{c}$$
λ
=
c
and $$\lambda < \mathfrak{c}$$
λ
<
c
are possible. A refining matrix is a refining system of mad families without common refinement. Of particular interest in our proof is the preservation of $${\cal B}$$
ℬ
-Canjarness.
Oxidative Stress-Mediated RUNX3 Mislocalization Occurs Via Jun Activation Domain-Binding Protein 1 and Histone Modification
Authors: Kang Kyoung Ah , Piao Mei Jing , Fernando Pincha Devage Sameera Madushan , Herath Herath Mudiyanselage Udari Lakmini , Boo Hye-Jin , Yoon Sang Pil , Hyun Jin Won
Published: April 2024

Runt domain transcription factor 3 (RUNX3) suppresses many different cancer types and is disabled by mutations, epigenetic repression, or cytoplasmic mislocalization. In this study, we investigated whether oxidative stress is associated with RUNX3 accumulation from the nucleus to the cytoplasm in terms of histone modification. Oxidative stress elevated histone deacetylase (HDAC) level and lowered that of histone acetyltransferase. In addition, oxidative stress decreased the expression of mixed lineage leukemia (MLL), a histone methyltransferase, but increased the expression of euchromatic histone-lysine N-methyltransferase 2 (EHMT2/G9a), which is also a histone methyltransferase. Moreover, oxidative stress-induced RUNX3 phosphorylation, Src activation, and Jun activation domain-binding protein 1 (JAB1) expression were inhibited by knockdown of HDAC and G9a, restoring the nuclear localization of RUNX3 under oxidative stress. Cytoplasmic RUNX3 localization was followed by oxidative stress-induced histone modification, activated Src along with RUNX3 phosphorylation, and induction of JAB1, resulting in RUNX3 inactivation.
Assessment of Protective Effects of DTPA, NAC, and Taurine on Possible Cytotoxicity Induced by Individual and Combined Zinc Oxide and Copper Oxide Nanoparticles in SH-SY5Y Cells
Authors: Paslı Duygu , Gürbay Aylin
Published: April 2024

The present study investigated the cytotoxic effects of ZnO, CuO, and mixed combinations of them on SH-SY5Y cells. For this purpose, the cells were exposed to various concentrations of these NPs alone for 24–96 h and as a mixture for 24 h. Variations in cell viability were noted. MTT results showed that ZnO and/or CuO NPs decreased cell survival by about 59% at 200 (ZnO, at 24 h) and 800 µg/ml (ZnO and/or CuO, at 72 and 96 h). When the NR assay was used, slight decreases were noted with ZnO NPs at 72 and 96 h. With CuO NPs alone and NPs in a mixture, only the highest concentrations caused 40 and 70% decreases in cell survival, respectively. Especially with NR assays, DTPA, NAC, or taurine provided marked protection. ROS levels were increased with the highest concentration of CuO NPs and with all concentrations of the mixture. The highest concentration of ZnO NPs and the lowest concentration of CuO NPs caused slight decreases in mitochondrial membrane potential levels. Additionally, increases were noted in caspase 3/7 levels with ZnO and CuO NPs alone or with a mixture of them. Intracellular calcium levels were decreased in this system. These findings demonstrated that ZnO and CuO NPs, either separately or in combination, had a modest cytotoxic effect on SH-SY5Y cells. Protection obtained with DTPA, NAC, or taurine against the cytotoxicity of these NPs and the ROS-inducing effect of CuO NPs and the NPs’ mixture suggests that oxidative stress might be involved in the cytotoxicity mechanisms of these NPs.
The Evolutionary Route of in vitro Human Spermatogenesis: What is the Next Destination?
Authors: Gizer Merve , Önen Selin , Korkusuz Petek
Published: April 2024

Malfunction in spermatogenesis due to genetic diseases, trauma, congenital disorders or gonadotoxic treatments results in infertility in approximately 7% of males. The behavior of spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs) within three-dimensional, multifactorial, and dynamic microenvironment implicates a niche that serves as a repository for fertility, since can serve as a source of mature and functional male germ cells. Current protocols enable reprogramming of mature somatic cells into induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) and their limited differentiation to SSCs within the range of 0–5%. However, the resulting human iPSC-derived haploid spermatogenic germ cell yield in terms of number and functionality is currently insufficient for transfer to infertility clinic as a therapeutic tool. In this article, we reviewed the evolution of experimental culture platforms and introduced a novel iPSCs-based approach for in vitro spermatogenesis based on a niche perspective bearing cellular, chemical, and physical factors that provide the complex arrangement of testicular seminiferous tubules embedded within a vascularized stroma. We believe that bioengineered organoids supported by smart bio-printed tubules and microfluidic organ-on-a-chip systems offer efficient, precise, personalized platforms for autologous pluripotent stem cell sources to undergo the spermatogenetic cycle, presenting a promising tool for infertile male patients with complete testicular aplasia.

Graphical Abstract
Human Rights and Transitional Justice in the Maldives: Closing the Door, Once and For All?
Authors: Jeffery Renée
Published: April 2024

In 2020, the Maldives instituted a transitional justice process to address decades of systematic human rights abuses including the widespread use of arbitrary arrest and detention, torture, and the forced depopulation of entire island communities. While the country’s decision to confront its violent past is not unusual, the institution it has established to undertake that task is. Rather than institute a truth and reconciliation commission (TRC), refer cases to its Human Rights Commission, or undertake criminal trials in its domestic judicial system, the Maldives has taken the unprecedented step of establishing a temporary Ombudsperson’s Office for Transitional Justice (OTJ). Comparing the OTJ to national human rights institutions and TRCs, this article examines how and why the Maldives’ transitional justice process has taken this unusual form. It suggests that the OTJ represents a new attempt to address the full range of human rights abuses, including violations of social and economic rights, perpetrated by repressive regimes.
Efficient and Accurate Separable Models for Discretized Material Optimization: A Continuous Perspective Based on Topological Derivatives
Authors: Gangl Peter , Nees Nico , Stingl Michael
Published: April 2024

Multi-material design optimization problems can, after discretization, be solved by the iterative solution of simpler sub-problems which approximate the original problem at an expansion point to first order. In particular, models constructed from convex separable first order approximations have a long and successful tradition in the design optimization community and have led to powerful optimization tools like the prominently used method of moving asymptotes (MMA). In this paper, we introduce several new separable approximations to a model problem and examine them in terms of accuracy and fast evaluation. The models can, in general, be nonconvex and are based on the Sherman–Morrison–Woodbury matrix identity on the one hand, and on the mathematical concept of topological derivatives on the other hand. We show a surprising relation between two models originating from these two—at a first sight—very different concepts. Numerical experiments show a high level of accuracy for two of our proposed models while also their evaluation can be performed efficiently once enough data has been precomputed in an offline stage. Additionally it is demonstrated that suboptimal decisions can be avoided using our most accurate models.
How does water stress affect the bioaccumulation of galanthamine and lycorine, growth performance, phenolic content and defense enzyme activities in summer snowflake (Leucojum aestivum L.)?
Authors: Baba Yavuz , Cimen Ayca , Birinci Yildirim Arzu , Ucar Turker Arzu
Published: April 2024

Leucojum aestivum L. is an Amaryllidaceae bulbous plant with two alkaloids that have remarkable medicinal potential: galanthamine and lycorine. Although the presence of galanthamine in L. aestivum has commercial value for the pharmaceutical industry and the effect of water stress (WS) applications on secondary metabolite enhancement is well established in a variety of plants, no studies have been carried out to reveal the effectiveness of WS on this beneficial medicinal plant. Objective of the study was to investigate the effects of eight different WS treatments [Control, waterlogging (WL) condition, and drought stress conditions (water deficiency generated by water deficit irrigation-WDI 25%, 50%, and 75%- and polyethylene glycol-PEG 6000 15%, 30%, and 45%-)] on growth parameters, alkaloid levels (galanthamine and lycorine), non-enzymatic antioxidant activities (total phenol-flavonoid content and free radical scavenging activity), and enzymatic antioxidant activities [superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT)] of L. aestivum in a pot experiment. Based on the findings, maximum increases in growth parameters were obtained with PEG-induced WS treatments. Moderate water deficiency (50% WDI) produced the highest levels of galanthamine and lycorine, total phenol-flavonoid content, and antioxidant capacity, along with moderately elevated CAT activity in the bulbs. All WS treatments resulted in increased CAT activity in the bulbs. It was observed that bulbs had higher SOD and CAT activities under WL conditions had lower fresh weights and were close to control in terms of alkaloid levels, total phenol-flavonoid content, and free radical scavenging activity. When all of the outcomes were taken into account, it can be concluded that moderate water-deficit stress (50% WDI) was regarded as the most effective treatment for increasing the pharmaceutical value of L. aestivum.

Graphical abstract
Textual sentiment analysis and description characteristics in crowdfunding success: The case of cybersecurity and IoT industries
Authors: Yosipof Abraham , Drori Netanel , Elroy Or , Pierraki Yannis
Published: April 2024

Crowdfunding platforms offer entrepreneurs the opportunity to evaluate their technologies, validate their market, and raise funding. Such platforms also provide technologies with an opportunity to rapidly transition from research to market, which is especially crucial in fast-changing industries. In this study, we investigated how the sentiments expressed in the text of the project campaigns and project characteristics influence the success of crowdfunding in innovative industries such as cybersecurity and the Internet of Things (IoT). We examined 657 cybersecurity and Internet of Things (IoT) projects between 2010 and 2020 that were promoted on Kickstarter and IndieGoGo, two rewards-based crowdfunding platforms. We extracted technological topic attributes that may influence project success and measured the sentiments of project descriptions using a Valence Aware Dictionary and sEntiment Reasoner (VADER) model. We found that the sentiment of the description and the textual topic characteristics are associated with the success of funding campaigns for cybersecurity and IoT projects.
Loneliness, Methamphetamine Use, and Cardiovascular Risk Factors Among Sexual Minority Men in the COVID-19 Era
Authors: Ross Emily J. , Jimenez Daniel E. , Ghanooni Delaram , Mendez Armando , Hirshfield Sabina , Horvath Keith J. , DeVries Britt , Dilworth Samantha E. , Carrico Adam W. , Martinez Claudia A.
Published: April 2024

Background

Important gaps exist in our understanding of loneliness and biobehavioral outcomes among sexual minority men (SMM), such as faster HIV disease progression. At the same time, SMM who use methamphetamine are approximately one-third more likely than non-users to develop cardiovascular disease. This study examined associations of loneliness, stimulant use, and cardiovascular risk in SMM with and without HIV.

Method

Participants were enrolled from August 2020 to February 2022 in a 6-month prospective cohort study. The study leveraged self-report baseline data from 103 SMM, with a subset of 56 SMM that provided a blood sample to measure markers of cardiovascular risk.

Results

Loneliness showed negative bivariate associations with total cholesterol and LDL cholesterol in the cardiometabolic subsample (n = 56). SMM with methamphetamine use (t(101) = 2.03, p < .05; d = .42) and those that screened positive for a stimulant use disorder (t(101) = 2.07, p < .05; d = .46) had significantly higher mean loneliness scores. In linear regression analyses, negative associations of loneliness with LDL and total cholesterol were observed only among SMM who used methamphetamine.

Conclusion

We observed lower cholesterol in SMM reporting loneliness and methamphetamine use. Thus, in addition to the observed associations of loneliness with cholesterol, there are important medical consequences of methamphetamine use including cardiovascular risk, higher HIV acquisition risk and progression, as well as stimulant overdose death. This cross-sectional study underscores the need for clinical research to develop and test interventions targeting loneliness among SMM with stimulant use disorders.