bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
New Antarctic holothurians (Echinodermata) – I. Five new species with four new genera of the order Dendrochirotida
Authors: GUTT JULIAN
Published: July 2005

Five new Antarctic species and four new genera of dendrochirote holothurians are described: Caespitugo diversipes gen. et sp.n., Caespitugo citriformis gen. et sp.n., Microchoerus splendidus gen. et sp.n. (all Cucumariidae), Crucella hystirix gen. et sp.n. (Paracucumidae), and Echinopsolus acanthocola gen. et sp.n. (Psolidae). To include Crucella in the Paracucumidae a minor change of the family diagnosis was necessary. This change is discussed. The species were caught on the continental shelf of the southern and eastern Weddell Sea. mainly in depths between 200 and 650m. Their systematic status within their families as well as relationships to representatives of other familes are discussed.
Classification of the Nemertea Enopla: response to Sundberg's critique and cladistic analysis
Authors: GIBSON RAY
Published: July 2005

Both traditional and cladistic taxonomists rely for their analyses upon the same basic data obtained from comprehensive anatomical descriptions of individual species. For nemerteans these data arc at present inadequate, and attempts to devise classificatory schemes based on cladistic studies are not realistically feasible when so many of the individual taxonomic units to be analysed contain unidentifiable polyphyletic groups.
Revision of the Fabriciinae genus Fabriciola Friedrich, 1939 (Polychaeta: Sabellidae)
Authors: FITZHUGH KIRK
Published: July 2005

The Sabellidae polychaete genus Fabriciola Friedrich is revised as a result of examination of as much of the type material as possible. The type species for the genus has been confused. The earliest designation appears to be Fabricia (Manayunkia) spongicola Southern, 1921, by Ushakov [Akad. Nauk. SSSR, Opredeliteli po Faune SSSR 56: 1–445 (1955)], whereas subsequent works have incorrectly referred to Manayunkia pacifica Annenkova, 1934, as the type species. The following species are redescribed: Fabriciola baltica Friedrich, 1939, F. berkeleyi Banse, 1956, F. ghardaqa Banse, 1959a. A new species, F. mediaseta, is described. A neotype is designated for F. baltica. Existence of the type material of F. spongicola (Southern), F. pacifica (Annenkova), and F. tonerella Banse, 1959b is unknown, but these species are discussed in relation to species examined.
Miscellania dentata gen. et sp.n. (Polychaeta: Syllidae) from the Spanish Mediterranean coast
Authors: MARTIN DANIEL , ALOS CARMEN , SARDA RAFAEL
Published: July 2005

Specimens of Miscellania dentata gen. et sp.n. were collected in Catalunya, the Balearic Islands, and Strait of Gibraltar. They are characterized by an anterior tooth and an incomplete crown of denticles on the tip of the pharynx, short and smooth antennae and cirri, bases of palps separated, and the presence of compound and simple setae. Specimens were found living inside calcareous algal concretions.
Separation of two species standing as Alopecosa aculeata (Clerck) by morphological, behavioural and ecological characters, with remarks on related species in the pulverulenta group (Araneae, Lycosidae)
Authors: KRONESTEDT TORBJÖRN
Published: July 2005

Study of numerous specimens identified as Alopecosa aculeata (Clerck), according to the prevailing concept, revealed two morphologically distinct forms concluded to represent distinct species. In Sweden, the two species are sympatric. One is identified as A. taeniata (C. L. Koch) [earlier regarded as conspccific with either A. aculeata or A. pulverulenta (Clerck)], here found to be widely distributed (outside Sweden material examined from Norway, Finland, the U.S.S.R., the F.R.G., Austria, Switzerland, France, and Italy). Alopecosa aculeata and A. taeniata (both with neotypes designated) are rcdescribed and illustrated. Their courtship behaviour is distinctly different and their habitat preference differs in part. Information on morphology, courtship behaviour, habitat, and phenology in the allied A. cuneata (Clerck) and A. pulverulenta is given. Connections between certain morphological characters and behavioural traits are discussed. A few cases of parasitism by insects (Acroceridac: Ogcodes and Ichncumonidac: Gelis) in A. aculeata are reported.
The marine Tubificidae (Oligochaeta) of the barrier reef ecosystems at Carrie Bow Cay, Belize, and other parts of the Caribbean Sea, with descriptions of twenty‐seven new species and revision of Heterodrilus, Thalassodrilides and Smithsonidrilus
Authors: ERSÉUS CHRISTER
Published: July 2005

Fifty‐nine species of Tubifieidae are recorded from Belize on the Caribbean side of Central America. Twenty‐five are new to science: Ainudrilus geminus sp.n., Heronidrilus gravidus sp.n., Heterodrilus flexuosus sp.n., H. ranus sp.n., H. modestus sp.n., Coralliodrilus rugosus sp.n., C. randyi sp.n., Phallodrilus compactus sp. n., P. singularis sp.n., P. vicinus sp.n., P. nasutus sp.n., P. bipartitus sp.n., Inanidrilus reginae sp.n., Olavius finitimus sp.n., O. vacuus sp.n., O. (Olavius) pravus sp.n., Bathydrilus vetustus sp.n., B. egenus sp.n., Thalassodrilides bruneti sp.n., Limnodriloides anxius sp.n., L. major sp.n., L. sacculus sp.n., L. adversus sp.n., Smithsonidrilus appositus sp.n., S. involutus sp.n. Phylogenetic analyses indicate that Heterodrilus Pierantoni, 1902, Thalassodrilides Brinkhurst & Baker, 1979, and Marcusaedrilus Righi & Kanner, 1979, are paraphyletic taxa as previously defined. They are therefore revised to include also apomorphic species earlier attributed to separate genera; in so doing, Marcusaedrilus becomes a junior synonym of Smithsonidrilus Brinkhurst, 1966. Smithsonidrilus pauper sp.n. (Peru), and S. multiglandularis sp.n. (Florida and Puerto Rico) are also described, and Limnodriloides claviger Erséus, 1982 is regarded as a synonym of L. pierantonii (Hrabě, 1971).
Martiodrilus olivaceous and M. panamensis, new earthworms from Colombia and Panama (Oligochaeta, Glossoscolecidae)
Authors: JAMES SAMUEL W.
Published: July 2005

Two large (500‐700 mm) species of Martiodrilus Michaelsen, 1937 are described from central Panama and southern Colombia. Both have polystomate nephridia, some reduced head segments, and complex folded typhlosoles. The first two conditions arc known from M. crassus Rosa 1896 and Thamnodriloides yunkeri Gates 1968. The systematic importance of polystomate nephridia and segment loss cannot be resolved without further information. Segment loss is common and variable within other glossoscoleeid genera. The two species differ as follows, the characteristics of M. olivaceous given first: tubercula pubertatis in xvii‐xxv vs xviii‐xxiv; small blood vessels parallel to the commissures and connected to the calciferous glands in vii‐ix vs lacking these vessels; dorsal trunk ending in v vs ending in vii; intestinal nephridia with 40‐50 nephrostomes vs 20‐30; peptonephridia all stomate vs peptonephridia astomate in iv‐vii; genital setae with 11 gouges in each of three rows, gouges ending 75 microns from tip vs 9 or 10 gouges per row, ending 200 microns from tip; spermathecae 1‐4 pairs per segment each with its own duct vs 2 pairs per segment, the two of a side sharing a common duct.
On the spider genus Liphistius (Araneae: Mesothelae) in Thailand and Burma
Authors: SCHWENDINGER PETER J.
Published: July 2005

Seven of the ten Liphistius species already known from Thailand and Burma are characterized; three new species, L. lannaianus sp.n., L. marginatus sp.n., L. thaleban sp.n., and the males of L. lordac Platnick & Scdgwiek and L. niphanae Ono are described. Taxonomy and relationships are discussed; considerable variation in female internal genitalia is shown. Notes are given on natural history, distribution, burrow structure, phenology and behaviour.
Anoplodium (Rahabdocoela, Platyhelminthes) endosymbiotes of sea cucumbers from Australia and New Zealand
Authors: CANNON LESTER R. G.
Published: July 2005

Anoplodium heronensis sp.n. from Stichopus spp. from the Great Barrier Reef of Australia and A. leighi sp.n. from Stichopus mollis from New Zealand are described. Both have the ovary on the right side; they are compared with A, ramosum. A. longiductum and A. evelinae, all from the southern hemisphere, the only other member of the family with the ovary to the right. Anoplodium spp. occur in the coelom of their hosts, unlike other members of the family which live in the gut. Eleven species are now recognized in this genus.
A new Aequidens species from the Rio Trombetas, Brasil, and redescription of Aequidens pallidus (Teleostei, Cichlidae)
Authors: KULLANDER SVEN O. , FERREIRA EFREM J. G.
Published: July 2005

Aequidens pallidus (Heckel) reaches c. 140 mm standard length and occurs in the drainages of the blackwater rivers Negro, Puraquequara, Preto da Eva and Uatumã in Brasil. Aequidens duopunctata Haseman is a junior synonym. Aequidens tubicen sp.n., was collected in the Trombelas and Mapuera rivers a little upstream of Cachoeira Porteira. The largest specimen is 116 mm standard length. It differs from all other Aequidens species in the possession of a dark spot at the inner angle of the preopercle and adjacent cheek. Aequidens pallidus and A. tubicen form a group diagnosed by a high number of vertebrae (14 + 13 = 27) and three colour pattern synapomorphies: lateral band positioned more dorsally and the midlateral spot positioned more posteriorly than in other Aequidens species, and caudal spot preceded by a large light spot at the dorsal margin of the caudal peduncle.
Dorvilleidae (Annelida:Polychaeta) from the U.S. Atlantic slope and rise. Description of two new genera and 14 new species, with a generic revision of Ophryotrocha
Authors: HILBIG BRIGITTE , BLAKE JAMES A.
Published: July 2005

The present paper contains descriptions of 14 new species of dorvilleid polychaetes that are part of a highly diverse benthic infauna sampled on the U.S. Atlantic slope and rise between the Canadian border and South Carolina. Quantitative samples were taken with a Hessler‐Sandia box core during 18 cruises between 1983 and 1987. Samples were sieved through screens having a mesh opening of 300 μ. The newly described species belong to the genera Ophryorrocha. Exallopus. Parophryotrocha and two new genera, Pseudophryotrocha gen.n. and Anchidorvillea gen.n. An emended generic diagnosis of Ophryotrocha is provided to accommodate some of the new species, but also to include a group of atypical species described earlier by several authors who had modified the generic concept of Ophryotrocha without providing a formal emendation. The genus Ophryotrocha is revised to contain 31 species helonging to two species groups. A comparison of a suite of morphologic characters, however. indicates that these species addressed in this paper are discussed in the context of the entire family Dorvilleidae.
Printed in Great Britain The genus Phyllhermannia (Acari: Cryptostigmata)
Authors: LUXTON MALCOLM
Published: July 2005

The genus Phyllhermannia Berlese, 1916 is redefined. Two main groups of species are postulated within the genus, each being further divided into two subgroups. Known species reviewed completely or in part are: P. dentata, P. bimaculata, P. mollis and P. pulcher. New distribution records are given for the New Zealand species P. foliata, P. forsteri, P. mollis, P. phyllophora and P. rubra, together with a distribution map of all species. Some biogeographical comments are included for the genus. P. africana Balogh, 1958 is redescribed and a new species, P. collofi sp.n., is established. A key to the species of the world is provided.
A revision of the Indian species of subgenus Scaptodrosophila (Diptera: Drosophilidae)
Authors: SUNDARAN A. K. , GUPTA J. P.
Published: July 2005

The subgenus Scaptodrosophila of the genus Drosophila from India is revised, with the description of six new species, D. elenthiensis sp.n., D. ovidenticulata sp.n., D. oviminiatus sp.n., D. paraclubata sp.n., D. paratriangulifer sp.n., D. peniquadrata sp.n., and a new distribution record of D. pressobrunnea Tsacas & Chassagnard. A key to Indian species of Scaptodrosophila is also provided.
A new genus and species of Epsilonematidae (Nematoda) from New Caledonia
Authors: GOURBAULT NICOLE , DECRAEMER WILFRID A
Published: July 2005

Akanthepsilonema helleouetae gen. et sp.n. (Epsilonematidae) is described from supralittoral marine sediments in New Caledonia. Its main features are a heterogeneous cuticule with large horn‐like dorsal spines and a field of copulatory horns in the male. The taxonomic position of the new genus within the family is discussed.
Branchiobdellida (Oligochaeta) from the farthest South‐East of the U.S.S.R.
Authors: TIMM TARMO
Published: July 2005

Eight species of the genera Branchiobdella and Cirrodrilus are reported from the Soviet Far East. Six of them from the Komarovka Stream in the Ussuriiski State Nature Reserve:Branchiobdella cheni (Liu, 1964), B. domina sp.n., Cirrodrilus chosen (Yamaguchi, 1934), C. suzukii (Yamaguchi, 1934), C. pugnax sp.n., and C. fimbriatus sp.n. Branchiobdellidans are abundant in this stream, occurring on the crayfishes Cambaroides dauricus wladiwostokensis as well as in benthic samples. Two from the northern Amur River basin near Khabarovsk: Branchiobdella minuta Pierantoni, 1912, and Cirrodrilus quadritentacularis (Liu, 1984), living on the crayfishes Cambaroides dauricusdauricus and C. schrencki. The genus Cirrodrilus demonstrates several trends of parallel variation on the Asian continent and the Japanese Islands; the more apomorphic genus Branchiobdella seems to be absent in Japan.
Two new species of Tubificoides (Oligochaeta, Tubificidae) and new records of T. brownae and T. imajimai from the Gulf of Mexico and Caribbean, with a redescription of T. bakeri
Authors: MILLIGAN MICHAEL R.
Published: July 2005

Two new species of Tubificoides are described from the west coast of Florida. Both species have large lateral openings of the penis sheaths with proximal flap‐like projections. Tubificoides pollex sp.n. is characterized by (1) papillate body wall in postclitellar segments; (2) possession of hair and bifid setae anteriorly, and only bifid setae in pcstclitellar segments; and (3) conical penis sheaths with a lateral opening and a flap‐like projection on the proximal margin. The setal distribution of the new species is similar to that of T. bakeri Brinkhurst, 1986, which is redescribed on the basis of new material. Tubificoides lunatus sp.n. is similar to T. pollex except that the flap‐like projections of the penis sheaths are crescent shaped, all the somatic setae are bifid, and body wall papillae are absent. Records of Tubificoides brownae Brinkhurst & Baker, 1979, and T. imajimai Brinkhurst, 1986, from the Gulf of Mexico and Caribbean, respectively, are also presented. The latter species was previously known only from subtropical regions of Japan and the People's Republic of China.
Clitellate cocoons in freshwater deposits since the Triassic
Authors: MANUM SVEIN B. , BOSE MAHENDRA N. , SAWYER ROY T.
Published: July 2005

Previously enigmatic, ovoid to sac‐like fossils of organic, acid resistant substance which are common components of leaf cuticle and megaspore assemblages in limnic and terrestrial palaeoen‐ vironments are identified as cocoons of clitellates. They have been recorded for a long time by palaeobotanists and palynologists, particularly in the Mesozoic, and have been variously interpreted as being of megaspore, seed, or algal origins, although convincing homologues were lacking. The fossils agree in basic wall construction with cocoons of clitellates, and particularly with certain members of the Hirudinea. A clitellate affinity is further supported by a possible segmentation, their consistently non‐marine occurrence, evidence for predation, and an example of amber‐like inclusion of alien structures in the cocoon wall which indicates the presence of secretion. As a consequence of the new interpretation, two taxa established under the botanical code of nomenclature for such fossils, namely Burejospermum crassitestum Krassilov and Dictyoth‐ ylakos pesslerae Horst, are transferred to the zoological kingdom and classified under Clitellata (phylum Annelida), along with two new taxa, D. spitsbergensis sp.n. andPilothylakospilosus gen. et sp.n. With the present interpretation a consistent Mesozoic record is documented for clitellates, a group of softbodied, basically freshwater and terrestrial animals of which there was until now nearly no fossil record.
Redescription of Anchiphimedia dorsalis (Crustacea, Amphipoda, Iphimediidae) from the Antarctic, and functional morphology of mouthparts
Authors: COLEMAN CHARLES OLIVER
Published: July 2005

For the first time a full description of Anchiphimedia dorsalis K. H. Barnard, 1930 is given. The functional morphology of the mouthparts and the anatomy of the digestive canal exhibit several unique features. Maxilla 1 has a short palp; the distal endite bears 45‐40 setae, which might be used for scraping particles together. The laterodistal margins of the distal maxillipedal endites are curved anteriorly and could be used for brushing particles towards the other mouthparts. The midgut‐gland has four caeca; the ventral caeca are very short. The gut of the examined specimens contained only fine detritus and sand grains.
Neue morphologische Aspekte und die Copepodid‐Stadien von Parastenocaris phyllura Kiefer (Copepoda, Harpacticoida)*
Authors: GLATZEL THOMAS
Published: July 2005

A re‐examination of the morphology of the female and male of Parastenocaris phyllura Kiefer, 1938 is presented using light and scanning electron microscopy. Particular attention is given to the structures of the antennae 1 and 2, the mouthparts, the pereopods, the female genital field and the caudal furcae. Five morphologically distinct copepodid stages are described. Comparative morphology and functional aspects of the adults and copepodids are discussed.
Lappodiamesa willasseni sp.n. (Diptera, Chironomidae, Diamesinae) from the Soviet Far East
Authors: MAKARCHENKO EVGENIJ A. , KERKIS IRINA E.
Published: July 2005

Lappodiamesa willasseni sp.n. is described. It differs from related species in characteristics of the male adult. the pupa and the larva. A key to the species of Luppodiamesa Serra‐Tosio is given. In contrast to previously described Diamesinae. the homologes of the large polytene chromosomes are often unpaired in few regions and they have a meandric structure. The four pairs of chromosomes include three metacentric and one acrocentric (spherical) chromosoine. A series of chromosome markers are described.
A new Indo‐Australian genus of Braconinae (Insecta, Hymenoptera, Braconidae)
Authors: QUICKE DONALD L. J. , WALKER COLIN
Published: July 2005

Bicarinibracon gen.n. (type species Atanyco1us tricolor. Szépligeti from Papua New Guinea and Irian Jaya). Bicarinibracon luteus gen. et. 3p.n. from India and Malaya and B. lepicius gen. et. sp.n. from Thailand and the Philippines are described and illustrated. A key to the specics of Bicarinibracon is provided and its systematic placement is discussed.
Three new species of lsospora (Apicomplexa, Eimeriidae), from the White‐cheeked Bulbul (Pycnonotus leucogenys) in Saudi Arabia
Authors: AMOUDI MIKKY A.
Published: July 2005

This paper describes three new species of Isospora from Pycnonotus 1eucogenys in Saudi Arabia (I. gatifenensis sp.n.; I. khobarensis sp.n. and I. hafoufenensis sp.n.). Sporulated oocyats of I. gatifenensis are ovoidal, 23‐26.5 ± 16.5‐19(25.03 ± 0.12 ± 18.13 ± 0.09))μm and sporocysts are elongated ovoidal 17‐20.5 ± 8‐11 (18.9 ± 0.09 ± 9.3 ± 0.07) μm. Sporulated oocysts of I. khobarensis are ovoidal 22‐26 ± 15.5‐19 (24.3 ± 0.18 ± 17.1 ± 0.19)μm and sporocysts are pyriform 13‐16 ± 9‐11.5 (14.8 ± 0.15 ± 9.9 ± 0.13)μm. Sporulated oocysts of I. hafoufenensis are ovoidal 22‐27 ± 19‐24(25.4 ± 0.25 ± 22.1 ± 0.26) μm and sporocysts are ovoidal 14.5‐18 ± 8‐13 (16.5 ± 0.14 ± 11.4 ± 0.18) μm.
Morphological distinction between adult Contracaecum radiaturn and Contracaecum osculatum (Nematoda, Anisakidae) from the Weddell seal (Leptonychotes weddelli)
Authors: KLÖSER HEINZ , PLÖTZ JOACHIM
Published: July 2005

Morphological characters of the anisakid ncmatodcs Contracaecum radialurn and C. osculutum from the Weddcll Sea are reviewed. Both species occur in stomachs of scals in high southern latitudes. Thc investigation aims at providing some rcliable criteria for quantitative routine light microscopy. Characters allowing a safe identification of the two spccics arc: spiculcs and tail structures in males; lips, intcrlabia and collar in both sexes. Oesophageal shape and intcrlabial striation cannot be recommended for idcntification purposes.
Terrestrial Enchytraeidae (Oligochaeta) and Parergodrilidae (Polychaeta) from Sweden, with description of a new enchytraeid species
Authors: CHALUPSKÝ JOSEF
Published: July 2005

Forty‐four cnchytraeid species and one parergodrilid species are reportcd from terrestrial habitats in Sweden. Eighteen of the Enchytraeidae are ncw records, including Achueta bifollicula sp.n. Thc new species has 4046 segments; dorsal sctal follicles; follicle‐like bodics vcntrally at IV and V; clitellum dorsally interrupted, with fields of hyaline cells; three pairs of primary septa1 glands, and one pair of secondary ones behind 5/6; dorsal blood vessel originating in VII; anteclitellar nephridia in three pairs at 6/7‐8/9; long, large spermathecae reaching to X‐XII; sperm funnels with a 1ength:width ratio G7:l; seminal vesicles extending through three scgments. The usefulness of the clitellar structure of A chaeta species as a taxonomic critcrion is discussed.
The ultrastructure of the protonephridial system of Götte's larva of Stylochus mediterraneus (Polycladida, Platyhelminthes)
Authors: WATSON NIKKI A. , ROHDE KLAUS , LANFRANCHI ALBERTO
Published: July 2005

The protonephridial system of Götte's larva of Stylochus mediterraneus was studied by electron microscopy. There is one protonephridium on each side of the body, formed by one terminal and one canal cell. The terminal filtration apparatus is formed by a single cell (the terminal cell) with several globular processes, the largest of which includes the nucleus. Fingers of cytoplasm (leptotriches) from each process penetrate the lumen surrounding the bundle of cilia and fingers from adjacent processes interdigitate to form a pattern of convoluted slits which constitute the weir. The single canal cell is inserted internally to the terminal cell at the top of the weir and encloses the lumen without a junction. Septate junctions are present between the terminal and canal cells. The lumen of the canal cell is smooth‐walled for most of its length and cilia arise and terminate at all levels of the terminal and canal cells. Posterior to the larval mouth opening, the canal cell crosses the epithelium and the lumen ramifies to form the excretory opening. The terminal apparatus closely resembles that found in the freshwater planarian Bdellocephala brunnea.
Review of Ptycholaimellus Cobb (Nematoda, Chromadoridae), with descriptions of three species
Authors: JENSEN PREBEN , NEHRING STEFAN
Published: July 2005

Nematodes of the genus Ptycholaimellus Cobb, 1920 are unique in possessing a collar by which the head is separated from the body. The collar is raised from a groove at the border between the neck and the remainder of the body. The contents of the ventral gland cell are emptied in the groove in at least 9 out of 14 species. It is suggested that the amphids are located in the groove. Fourteen species are considered to belong to Ptycholaimellus. Two Ptycholaimellus species are described as new to science, that is, P. jacobi sp.n. and P. vincxae sp.n.; P. ponticus (Fihpjev, 1922) is redescribed. Ptycholaimellus ponticus sensu Stekhoven (1950) and Boucher (1972) from the Mediterranean off France differs from the other Ptycholaimellus species by its subcuticular ornamentation and shape of spicules, hence these specimens are regarded as belonging to a new species: Ptycholaimellus boucheri sp.n. Chromadorissa inaequibulba Aminova & Galtsova, 1978 is transferred to Ptycholai‐ mellus as P. inaequibulbus. Ptycholaimellus ponticus from Europe and P pandispiculatus (Hopper, 1961) from the east coast of North America are assumed to have colonized brackish waters independently.
Holothurians (Echinodermata) from Marion and Prince Edward Islands: new and little‐known species
Authors: MASSIN CLAUDE
Published: July 2005

Two new species Mesothuria edwardensis sp.n. and Paradota marionensis sp.n., and four little‐known species Cucumaria kerguelensis Théel, 1886, Cladodactyla crocea croceoides (Vaney, 1908), Psolidium incertum (Théel, 1886) and Synallactes challengeri (Théel, 1886) of holothurians are described from Marion and Prince Edward Islands.
Ultrastructure of the pharynx of Prorhynchus (Platyhelminthes, Lecithoepitheliata)
Authors: WATSON NIKKI A. , ROHDE KLAUS
Published: July 2005

The pharynx variabilis of Prorhynchus is strongly muscular, with a small pharyngeal fold and a thin surrounding sheath. There is one row of inner longitudinal musclcs, up to six rows of inner circular muscles, many radial muscles, one row of outer circular and one row of outer longitudinal muscles, with no sphincter muscle groups. Three kinds of secretion, produced in a cluster of gland cell bodies posterior to the pharynx, enter the pharynx wall. They travel anteriorly in ducts and two kinds unite in a common duct just prior to discharging into the anterior region of the pharynx lumen. The perikarya of lumen epithelial cells lie within the pharynx musculature and, at the anterior and posterior margins of the pharynx, external to the pharynx. Bundles of ciliated receptors are numerous at the anterior and posterior constrictions. Similarities in the ultrastructure of flame bulbs of Rhabdocoela and Lecithoepitheliata suggest a relationship between these groups. However, the usefulness of pharynx ultrastructure for platyhelminth phylogeny cannot be assessed until complete ultrastructural studies of various groups of Rhabdocoela have been made.
A new species of Lepidasthenia (Polychaeta, Polynoidae) from Canary Islands
Authors: NÚÑEZ JORGE , BRIT0 MARÍA C. , OCAÑA OSCAR
Published: July 2005

Lepidasthenia medanensis spn, is described from subtidal sandy bottom and beds of Cymodoceanodosa on the south west coast of Tenerife, Canary Islands.
Two new DorvNea species (Polychaeta, Dorvilleidae) with obligate asexuaI reproduction
Authors: ÅKESSON BERTIL , RICE STANLEY A.
Published: July 2005

Two new species, Dorvillea bermudensis sp.n. and D. albomaculata sp.n., with obligate asexual reproduction are described. Both are closely related to sexually reproducing members of the same genus. The new species undergo repeated fission of the architomy type, with the rate of regeneration and subsequent production of segments being positively correlated with the energy content of the fragments. Regeneration and reproductive potentials vary between head and tail fragments with tail lineages producing higher rates than head lineages. Both species are very tolerant of starvation which may cause considerable degrowth and initiation of dispersal behavior.
Venom gland and reservoir morphology in the Doryctinae and related braconid wasps (Insecta, Hymenoptera, Braconidae)
Authors: QUICKE DONALD L. J. , TUNSTEAD JAMES , FALCO J. VINCENTE , MARSH PAUL M.
Published: July 2005

Detailed venom reservoir and venom gland intima morphology has been investigated in reprsentatives of 84 genera and 10 subfamilies of Braconidae with particular reference to the Doryctinac, basal cyclostomes and related groups including the Opiinae, Alysiinae and Rogadinae sens. lat. Several new phylogenetically significant characters are described and illustrated. Extcnsivc secretory ductules on the primary venom duct is suggested as a synapomorphy for the subfamilies Braconinac, Doryctinae, Opiinae, Alysiinae and Gnamptodontinae. The presence of two separate venom gland insertions and their position beyond the spiral sculpture of the reservoir are suggested as synapomorphies for the subfamilies Doryctinae and Ypsistocerinac. An anterior, weakly sclerotized, probably glandular. expansion of the reservoir characterizes the Histeromerinae and Rhyssalinae and also the enigmatic genera Thoracoplites Fischer and Doryctomorpha Ashmead which are hcre transferred to the Rhyssalinae. Within the Doryctinac, venom reservoir morphology suggests three generic groups, one comprising the genera of the Odontohraconini and possibly also the genera Acanthodoryctes, Binareu and Monarea, all of which have an essentially undivided reservoir with extremely fine and uniform spiral sculpture. the second comprising the genera Doryctophasmus, Euscelinus, Gildoria, Halycea and Schlettereriella, which share horn‐like processes at the base of the venom duct insertions, and a third including Acrophasmus. Dendro‐ soter, Heterospilus, Megaloproctus, Rutheia, Paraspathius, Schlettereriella. Spathius and Syngaster based on the presence of two markedly different densities of annulation of the reservoir. The degree to which external and other characters support these groups is discusscd.
New records, species, genera, and a new family of gastropods from hydrothermal vents and hydrocarbon seeps*
Authors: WARÈN ANDERS , BOUCHET PHILIPPE
Published: July 2005

More than 100 species of gastropods from vent and seep localities around the world are reviewed, based on literature information and new material.

The following new taxa are described (localities with parentheses, systematic position within brackets): Cantrainea macleani sp.n. (Louisiana Slope) [Turbinidae]; Fucaria striata gen. et sp.n. (Juan de Fuca Ridge area), Vetuloniaphalcata sp.n. (North Fiji Basin) [both Trochidae]; Protolira valvatoides gen. et sp.n. (Mid‐Atlantic Ridge) [Skeneidae]; Ventsia tricarinata gen. et sp.n. (Lau Basin), Bruceiella globulus gen. et sp.n. (Lau Basin) [both tentatively in Skeneidae]; Melanodrymia brightae sp.n. (Juan de Fuca Ridge area), Pachydermia sculpta sp.n. (Lau Basin), Planorbidella gen.n., P. depressa sp.n. (Lau Basin), Ctenopelta porifera gen. et sp.n. (EPR 13°N)[Peltospiridae]; Helicrenion reticulatum gen. et sp.n. (Lau Basin), Lepfogyra inflata sp.n. (Lau Basin) [families unknown]; Desbruyeresia spinosa gen. et sp.n. (Lau Basin), D. cancellata sp.n.(Lau Basin), D. melanioides sp.n. (Lau Basin), Provanna buccinoides sp.n. (Lau Basin) [Provannidae]; Hyalogyra vitrinelloides sp.n. (Lau Basin), Hyalogyrina grasslei s p a (Guaymas Basin)[Hyalogyrinidae fam. n.], Xylodiscula major sp.n. (North Fiji Basin) [Xylodisculidae].

The external morphology of the soft parts [for Ifremeria and Alviniconcha (Provannidae) also the anatomy] is described for most of the taxa involved.

Some features in the biology and distribution of the gastropod fauna are discussed. About half the fauna consists of species belonging to families or superfamilies endemic to this environment. One‐fifth of the remaining species belong to taxa normally associated with biogenic substrates in the deep sea.

Alviniconcha hessleri has previously been shown to harbour chemosynthetic bacteria in the gill; Ifremeria nautilei is here confirmed to do the same. Ctenopelta porifera, and Hirtopelta hirta are suspected to have such bacteria because of reduction of the alimentary system.
A revision of the Macrobiotus hufelandi group (Tardigrada, Macrobiotidae), with some observations on the taxonomic characters of eutardigrades
Authors: BERTOLANI ROBERTO , REBECCHI LORENA
Published: July 2005

This study considers specimens of Macrobiotus hufelandi C. A. S. Schultze, 1834 collected from Italy and Germany, including the type locality. In addition to a qualitative analysis of the animals and eggs, statistics were performed on the measurements of the sclerified parts of the animals. The data illustrate low intra‐species variability in the morphology of both the animals and the eggs. Differences in egg shell morphology, previously attributed to the variability of M. hufelandi, were found to fall into distinct types, related to different animal morphotypes. The data also indicate that M. hufelandi contains several new species: M. macrocalix sp.n., M. sandrae sp.n. and M. terminalis sp.n.; M. hufelandi is redescribed, and a neotype is assigned.
The dipteran sperm tail: ultrastructural characteristics and phylogenetic considerations
Authors: DALLAI ROMANO , BELLON PIER LUIGI , VECCHIA SALVATORE LANZA , AFZELIUS BJÖRN A.
Published: July 2005

The sperm tail from representatives of several families of Diptera has been examined by high resolution electron microscopy and a computer analysis that improved the visualization of recorded patterns. A considerable variability in sperm tail structure is found within Diptera, and is actually greater than that of any other insect order. The ‘generalized insect sperm axoneme’. which is characterized as a 9+9+2 axoneme and by the accessory microtubules having 16 protofilaments, was found only in some dipterans; these are members of Mycetophilidae. From this fact we conclude that Mycetophilidae is likely to be the most primitive extant dipteran group. Another mycetophilid, Boletina, was seen to have accessory tubules with 15 protofilaments as have members of families Dixidae, Chironomidae, Culicidae, and Bibionidae. The last two families have spermatozoa of a type designated as 9+9+‘1’ there is a central rod rather than two microtubules. We regard this 9+9+‘1’pattern with 15 protofilaments to represent a synapomorphic feature. Representatives of the neatoceran families Tipulidae and Trichoceridae have accessory tubules with 13 protofilaments as do examined members of several brachyceran families. Brachycera is hence likely to be derived from the vicinity of the tipulid family. The intertubular material is small in Mycetophilidae and most nematoceran groups, whereas in Tipulidae and Brachycera it is enlarged; here it bridges the space between the accessory tubules and contains various inclusions.
Bathysabellaria neocaledoniensis, a new genus and species of Sabellariidae (Annelida, Polychaeta) from bathyal zones off New Caledonia (Southwest Pacific Ocean)
Authors: LECHAPT JEAN‐PAUL , GRUET YVES
Published: July 2005

A new genus and species of Sabellariidae is described from deep water off New Caledonia and compared with other sabellariids having four parathoracic segments.
New Fabriciola species (Polychaeta, Sabellidae, Fabriciinae) from the eastern Atlantic, with a description of sperm and spermathecal ultrastructure
Authors: ROUSE GREG W.
Published: July 2005

New species in the genus Fabriciola Friedrich are described. Fabriciola is defined by a single synapomorphy, the presence of non‐vascularized, ventral filamentous appendages. Otherwise the genus is variable, with differences among species in chaetae, eyes, and peristomial organization. The new species, Fabriciola flammula, F. liguronis and F. parvus, reflect this heterogeneity. Fabriciola liguronis has spermathecae in the radiolar crown of females, the first record of these structures in Fabriciola, but F. flammula and F. parvus lack spermathecae. Sperm ultrastructure in all three species share apomorphies with other fabriciins, but vary in other respects. Fabriciola may be paraphyletic, but material of the type species F. spongicola (Southern, 1921) has been unobtainable so far, and detailed study of this species is required to define the genus Fabriciola adequately.
Comparative sperm ultrastructure and spermiogenesis in basal heterobranch gastropods (Valvatoidea, Architectonicoidea, Rissoelloidea, Omalogyroidea, Pyramidelloidea) (Mollusca)
Authors: HEALY JOHN M.
Published: July 2005

Three distinct groups of basal heterobranch gastropods (=‘Allogastropoda/Heterostropha’) can be distinguished on the basis o f sperm and spermiogenic features: (1) Valvatoidea; (2) Architectonicoidea; (3) Rissoelloidea + Omalogyroidea + Pyramidelloidea. Sperm of pentaganglionate heterobranchs (Opisthobranchia sensu stricto+ Pulmonata) conform in all respects to the pattern shown by group (3). Heterobranchia are united, and differentiated from other gastropods, by a shared suite of sperm and spermiogenic features (rounded acrosomal vesicle, nucleus usually helical, highly modified mitochondrial derivative, spermatid acrosome associated with a dense nuclear plaque, formation of the mitochondrial derivative through fusion of numerous small mitochondria along the length of the axoneme). Sperm autapomorphies of the Architectonicoidea and the Valvatoidea suggest that these two superfamilies arc distinct but terminal offshoots from ancestral heterobranchs.
The ultrastructure of the spermatozoa of bufonid and hylid frogs (Anura, Amphibia): implications for phylogeny and fertilization biology
Authors: LEE MICHAEL S. Y. , JAMIESON BARRIE G. M.
Published: July 2005

Comparison of the spermatozoa of Bufo marinus, six Australian species of the family Hylidae, and the myobatrachine Adelotus brevis, with those of 41 other species of frogs, in a total of 12 investigated families allows the following phylogenetic inferences: the bufonoids (myobatrachids, leptodactylids, hylids, and bufonids) form a monophyletic assemblage with a single synapomorphy: the presence of a conical subacrosomal perforatorium. This structure is analogous to, rather than homologous with, the perforatorium in archaeobatrachians, which differs notably in being an endonuclear structure. The hylid‐leptodactylid‐bufonid assemblage is the sister‐group of the Myobatrachidae (Australian ‘leptodactylids’). Myobatrachids are distinguished by two. albeit weak, synapomorphies, the presence of well‐defined pericentriolar material, and the extension of the axial rod up the centriolar fossa, the latter condition approached in the bufonid Nectophrynoides. The bufonid, leptodactylid (sensu strictu), and hylid families are united, and separated from myobatrachids, by a single synapomorphy: a thick collar‐like cytoplasmic sheath that emanates from the centriolar region, is separated from the flagellum by a cytoplasmic canal, and contains the mitochondria. Litoria fallax, L. gracilenta, and L. lesueuri are associated by a unique synapomorphy, hypermorphosis of the minor fibre (juxta‐axonemal fibre), though this is approached in Bufo bufo. However, there is no spermatological evidence supporting the recognition of Australian hylids (pelodryadids) as a group distinct from the remaining eubufonoids and, specifically, from the Hylidae. Evidence is presented in support of the tentative proposal that the Lissamphibia were primitively internally fertilizing.
The use of allozyme electrophoresis in invertebrate systematics
Authors: THORPE J. P. , SOLÉ‐CAVA A. M.
Published: July 2005

The role of enzyme electrophoresis is discussed as it applies to taxonomy and systematics. particularly of invertebrates. Details are given of methods for distinguishing and identifying cryptic or sibling species and the different approaches to sympatric and allopatric populations are reviewed. The calculation and uses of genetic distance measures are outlined. as are the empirical relationship of such measures to different levels of taxonomic separation. Defficulties. drawbacks and limitations of the technique are explained together with the advantages. Evidence for molecular clocks is outlined briefly and their role in systematic studies is discussed, as are methods of analysing genetic divergence data for systematic purposes. References to studies covering a wide range of invertebrate taxa are tabulated.
New species of the genus Trichodrilus (Oligochaeta, Lumbriculidae)
Authors: GIANI NARCISSE , RODRIGUEZ PILAR
Published: July 2005

Five new species of the genus Trichodrilus are described: Trichodrilus longipenis. sp. n. T: rouchi sp. n. T. capilliformis sp. n. and T. angelieri sp. n. from hyporhcic waters of the Iberian Peninsula and France. and T. bonheurensis sp. n. from superticial waters of France. The new taxa contribute with some new features to an amended diagnosis of the genus: presence of modified penial setae, four pairs of spermathecae, hair‐like dorsal setae and glandular pads in the epidermis.
Notes on the genus Cranosina (Bryozoa, Cheilostomida)
Authors: CHIMONIDES PANTELAKIS J. , COOK PATRICIA L.
Published: July 2005

The characteristics of the genus Cranosina are discussed and a new species. C. spiralis, which apparently has free‐living, lunulitiform colonies with a spiral budding pattern, is introduced. The role of the basal coclom in some free‐living species is briefly discussed. The name Copidozoum declinatum nom. n. is introduced for C. transversum. Hayward & Cook, not Silén.
Bryozoan frontal shields: the type species of Desmacystis, Rhamphostomella, Rhamphosmittina, Rhamphostomellina, and new genus Arctonula
Authors: GORDON DENNIS P. , GRISCHENKO ANDREW V.
Published: July 2005

Frontal shields have been examined in the type species of several genera of ascophorine cheilostomates. Desmacystis (Desmacystidae) is not an‘anascan’as previously thought, but has a cryptocystal shield which is here interpreted to be derived from an umbonuloid shield by foreshortening, possibly from a rhamphostomellan ancestor. Rhamphostomella (type species Rscabra) and Rhamphosmittina (type species R. bassleero) (both in the family Porellidae Vigneaux, here raised from subfamily rank) also have umbonuloid shields. Arctomula, new genus, is established for Lepralia arctica M. Sars and transferred from the Umbonulidae to the Exochellidac. Rhamphostomellina (type species R. posidoniue) has a lepralioid shield. It is here included in the family Celleporidae.
Three new deep‐sea species of Sphaerodoridae (Annelida, Polychaeta) from the eastern tropical South Pacific*
Authors: BOROWSKI CHRISTIAN
Published: July 2005

Three sphaerodorid species new to science are described from a manganese nodule area in abyssal depths of around 4150 m in the Peru Basin in the eastern South Pacific. Sphaerodoridium campanulata sp. n. is isolated within the genus, having, apart from spherical macrotubercles, additional dorsal stalked bell‐shaped papillae, not previously described. Sphaerodoropsis discolis sp. n. is a species with four rows of dorsal macrotubercles and two pairs of lateral antennae. Sphaerodoropsis translucida sp. n. has six to seven rows of dorsal macrotubercles arrayed in two transverse rows per segment and two pairs of lateral antennae. A brief discussion points to the close relationship between Clavodorum and Sphaerodoridium, and to the present state of Sphaerodoropsis, being inhomogeneous in the characters of the arrangement of the dorsal macrotubercles and the numbers of the lateral antennae. An overview on the latter genus, with an attempt to subdivide it, is given.
Marine Tubificidae (Oligochaeta) of Antarctica, with descriptions of three new species of Phallodrilinae
Authors: ERSÉUS CHRISTER
Published: July 2005

Five species of Tubificidae are recorded from Antarctic waters: Torodrilus lowryi Cook, 1970, Torodrilus sp. (subfamily Rhyacodrilinae), Marionidrilus antarcticus sp. n., M. weddellensis sp. n., and Thalassodrilus bicki sp. n. (subfamily Phallodrilinae); only T. lowryi was known from Antarctica before. The status of the two Southern Hemisphere genera Torodrilus Cook, 1970, and Marionidrilus Erséus, 1992, are discussed; although the taxonomic position of the two new species of Marionidrilus is somewhat uncertain. Thalassodrilus bicki, however, appears closely related to Northern Hemisphere taxa.
The morphology and anatomy of the Antarctic gastropod Bathyberthella antarctica (Opisthobranchia, Notaspidea, Pleurobranchidae)
Authors: WÄGELE HEIKE , WILLAN RICHARD C.
Published: July 2005

The external morphology, anatomy and histology of the Antarctic notaspidean Bathyberthella antarctica Willan & Bertsch, 1987 is described and the intraspecific variability presented. The species is compared with the only other known pleurobranch from the high Antarctic zone, Tomthompsonia antarctica (Thiele, 1912).
Phylogeny of the vipers of the Caucasus (Reptilia, Viperidae)
Authors: NILSON GÖRAN , HÖGGREN MATS , TUNIYEV BORIS S. , ORLOV NIKOLAI L. , ANDREN CLAES
Published: July 2005

Phylogenetic relationships for five taxa of Palearctic vipers (genus Vipera) from the Caucasian region were revealed by cladistic analyses of separate and combined morphological and biochemical characters. The different data sets yielded largely congruent cladograms. Vipera berus from Sweden was included as an ingroup and V. aspis was used for outgroup comparison. For V. kaznakovi and V. dinniki, three and four different sub‐populations, respectively, were treated as independent terminal taxa in the analyses. The most parsimonious cladograms confirmed the systematic positions of these populations, discussed in a recent study, and support the hypothesis that the montane populations of the western main Caucasus comprise one polymorphie species: V. dinniki.

Analyses of combined biochemical and morphological data generated two equally parsimonious cladograms (for all ingroups compared), but yielded only one fully resolved topology when ingroups were condensed to the species level: (berus ((renardi (‘ursinii’‐eriwanensis)))(dinnikikaznakovi)).
Morphology of the antenna cleaner in the Hymenoptera with particular reference to non‐aculeate families (Insecta)
Authors: BASIBUYUK HASAN H. , QUICKE DONALD L. J.
Published: July 2005

An electron microscopic survey of antenna cleaner morphology, mainly in non‐aculcate Hymenoptera, is presented. Modified, scale‐ or paddle‐shaped setae on the fore basitarsus were found to be widely distributed throughout the order, but were particularly well developed in the Xyeloidea. Megalodontoidea, Blasticotomidae, Siricoidca, Orussoidea, Cephoidea and Chalcidoidea. as well as in the aculeate family Formicidae. A comb of fine setae on the fore basitarsus was present in all Apocrita, with the exception of the Trigonalyoidea, Evaniidae, and some families of Chalcidoidea, but among the symphytan families was present only in the Orussidae. Members of the symphytan family, Anaxyelidae have a distinct line of discrete setae in the same position as the fine comb of the Orussidae and apocritans which we term a protocomb; members of the Cephidae also show an indication of a protocomb, in the form of a line of more widely spaced, erect setae, that could form part of the same transition series. Members of the Trigonalyoidea and of the Evaniidae have no comb of fine setae but do possess one or more rows of highly modified, plate‐like structures on the fore basitarsi.
The systematics of the radula‐less gastropod Clathromangelia (Caenogastropoda, Conoidea)
Authors: OLIVERIO MARCO
Published: July 2005

On the basis of foregut anatomy and embryonic/larval shell morphology, the radula‐less conoidean gastropod genus Clathromangelia Monterosato, 1884 is transferred to the subfamily Daphnellinae (family Turridae). The Lower Pliocene to Recent species arc reviewed. The type species is Pleurotoma granum Philippi, 1844, Recent from Sicily. C. quadrillum Dujardin, 1837 a fossil species described from the Miocene (and ranging to the Lower Pliocene) is here considered a distinct species, with planktotrophic larval development. Clathromangelia strigillata Pallary, 1904 from the Gulf of Gabè (Tunisia) is figured and redescribed. Clathromangelia loiselieri Oberling, 1970 (lectotype here selected) is a senior synonym of C. fehrae (emend. pro C. fehri) Aartsen & Zenetou, 1987. Three new species are described and figured from the Italian Pliocene: C. tavianii sp. n., C. elvirae sp. n. and C. marinae sp. n.
Seven species of Fainalges Gaud and Berla (Analgoidea, Xolalgidae) from Aratinga holochlora (Sclater) (Aves, Psittacidae)
Authors: PÉREZ TILA M.
Published: July 2005

The greatest number of feather mite Congeners occurring on a single host are members of the genus Fainalges Gaud & Berla (Acarina, Xolalgidae), associates of New World parrots. For the green conure, Aratinga holochlora (Sclater) (Aves, Psittacidae), there are six new and one previously known Fainalges species; these will be (re) described herein. The new species are: F. bilobatus, F. latistriatus, F. spiculatus, F. stettenheimi, F. tanythrix, F. vulgaris; the redescribed species is F. longissimus Mejía‐González & Pérez. Additionally, the developmental series for each species is (re)described. The microhabitats of the two most abundant species, F. bilobatus and F. vulgaris, are established. Fainalges brevissimus Mejía‐González & Pérez is considered as a junior synonym of F. intermedius (Trouessart).