bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Queer Natures, Queer Mythologies
Authors: See Sam
Published: September 2020

This book collects the scholarly work that Sam See had completed as of his death in 2013. It includes essays that have been previously published in leading journals as well as materials that remained unpublished. Its parts represent the two book projects that See hoped to complete: Queer Natures: Feeling Degenerate in Literary Modernism and Queer Mythologies: Community and Memory in Modern Literature. The first reinterprets the key term nature, central to so many discussions of literature and sexuality. For See, nature is no longer an unchanging substrate or a philosophical given. Relying on a thorough reading of Darwin, See argues instead that nature is constantly and aimlessly variable. Since it makes room for the aesthetic, by way of what Darwin called sexual selection, nature is also affected by feeling. On these grounds, See argues that nature itself might be considered queer. The second project proposes that, understood as queer in this way, nature might be made the foundational myth for the building of queer communities. See looks at the ways in which queer community has been imagined in literary works from a wide range of authors, and he analyzes the role that literature has played in providing significant aesthetic versions of that community. Locating the various failures of these myths is a way, he hopes, of approaching another, more successful communal story. In addition to his reading of Darwin, See provides new interpretations of modern writers including Langston Hughes, Virginia Woolf, Oscar Wilde, Hart Crane, and T. S. Eliot.
Fast Books Read Slow: The Shapes of Speed in
Authors: See Sam , Herring Scott , Love Heather , Moffat Wendy
Published: September 2020

Transfer and Rises mimetically reproduce the effects of speed technology at the levels of narrative structure and texture to create literary space in a culture where technology depleted physical space, both literally and perceptually. These novels embrace technological innovation but not so uncritically as to use its speed to annihilate time and space.
Physical and physiological quality of Jatropha curcas L. seeds at different maturity stages using image analysis
Authors: Pinheiro Daniel T. , Medeiros André D. , Zavala-León Manuel J. , Dias Denise C. F. S. , Da Silva Laércio J.
Published: September 2020

Aim of study: To assess the potential of automated X-ray image analysis to evaluate the physical characteristics of Jatropha curcas seeds, and to relate the parameters obtained with the physiological quality of the seeds harvested at different maturity stages.Area of study: Experimental area of Agronomy Department, Federal University of Viçosa (UFV), Brazil.Material and methods: The fruits were harvested from 20 plants, based on the external skin color (green, yellow, brownish-yellow and brown). The study was performed by automated and visual analysis of radiographic images of the seeds, in which measurements of tissue integrity, density and seed filling were performed. Seed dry matter, germination and seedling growth were also analysed.Main results: Variables obtained through automated analysis of radiographic images correlated significantly with all physiological variables (r > 0.9), as well as visual image evaluations (r > 0.75). The seeds extracted from green fruits presented lower tissue integrity and lower physiological quality. Radiographic analysis was efficient for monitoring J. curcas seed quality at different maturity stages. Morpho-anatomical parameters obtained from X-ray analysis were highly correlated with seed physiological attributes.Research highlights: It is important to develop and improve methodologies based on lower-cost techniques, such as X-ray analysis. In this context, we verified that X-ray images can be used for monitoring J. curcas seed filling and maturation. Radiographic images of seeds can be analyzed automatically with ImageJ software. Internal morphology and physical characteristics of seeds have relationship with their physiological quality.
Regulation of Social Times during the COVID-19 Period: A Replication and Extension of the Work Activity Regulation Model
Authors: Khanchel Hanen
Published: September 2020

The present study replicates St-Vincent and al. in 2011 experience sampling study of the work activity regulation model and addresses health crisis issue, which replicates the original study’s findings. Results suggest that social times is regulated within each Tunisian manager. Individuals’ or collective optimal social regulation state changed from public and organizational policies, but results did not support the original study’s claim regarding social satiation. Similarly, the study showed a significant number of events involved a risk to their occupational health and safety. However, the thematic analysis reveals disparities in the distribution of risk events for the manager as well as the type of risks to which he is exposed during the COVID-19 period. So, there are a significant number of managers who were confronted with a risk to their health more than times when unforeseen events occur. These events experienced by Tunisian managers during the COVID-19 period can be stressful. In fact, in order to withstand the stress inherent in each of the life spheres, some people want to maintain a permeable border between work and non-work to avoid overflows from one to the other.
The Impact of Blood Flow Rate and Duration of Dialysis Session on Nutritional Status in Hemodialysis Patients
Authors: Samsu Nur , Fatmawati Fatmawati , Permatasari Aurora , Kartin Kartin , Wulandari Wahyu
Published: September 2020

BACKGROUND: Blood flow rate (BFR) and time of dialysis are important determinants of dialysis adequacy. This study aimed to determine the impact of higher BFR and longer dialysis time on nutritional status in chronic hemodialysis (HD) patients.

METHODS: Real-world evidence (RWE) studies of 3 HD units in different hospitals that differ in BFR and/or dialysis time. Group I, HD 5 hr and BFR 200-250 mL/min; group II, HD 4 hr and BFR 270-320 mL/min, and group III, HD 4 hr and BFR 200-250 mL/min. All HD units use the same dialysate flow and dialysis frequency. Nutritional status was assessed using a 3-point scale Subjective Global Assessment.

RESULTS: A total of 233 chronic HD patients were included, mean of age was 52 ± 12.9 years, 46.5% were male. There are 69.5% on SGA class A, 27.5% on SGA class B, and 3% on SGA class C. The proportion of SGA class A in group II was highest compared to group II and III (93.5% vs 79.0% vs 32.1% (p <0.05). There was no SGA class C in group II, whereas 2.4% in group I and 7.4% in group III. In group II there was lower interdialytic weight gain (IDWG) and less use of anti-hypertensive drugs compared to group III (p <0.05).

CONCLUSION: Our study showed that higher BFR and longer dialysis time are associated with better nutritional status in chronic HD patients. A higher BFR seems to have a more substantial impact compared to a longer dialysis time.

Keywords: blood flow rate, dialysis time, subjective global assessment, nutritional status
An Occupation in Search of Identity—What Is School Counseling?
Authors: Heled Einat , Davidovitch Nitza
Published: September 2020

This study will focus on the professional identity of school counseling, which is a key function in Israeli schools. Forming a professional identity is part of the process of professional development that begins with academic training and continues throughout one’s professional career. Professional identity distinguishes between different occupations and provides practitioners with a safe base that lets them better understand their work and form a team spirit within their field of occupation. The research literature indicates an association between one’s professional identity and her professional functioning and success, sense of stability, confidence, and pride in practicing the occupation. The professional identity of school counseling is related to gender. This is a predominantly female occupation and most of its practitioners in Israel are women.

Few studies have been conducted on the professional identity of school counselors (Note 1) and its impact on the quality of their work. It appears that the definition of the school counselor’s role is neither clear nor unambiguous, both in Israel and elsewhere, and this affects the professional identity of counselors and the quality of their work. The current study included semi-structured interviews with 15 school counselors, in which they spoke about the structure of their work, their professional vision, satisfaction, and sense of self-fulfillment as a result of their job, as well as their professional self-efficacy.

The research findings show that the structure of the counselor’s work, her role definition and workload, are related to her professional identity, including how she perceives the counseling occupation, her satisfaction and sense of self-fulfillment. Based on the interviews, no differences were found between the narratives of counselors with different levels of seniority in the profession with regard to professional identity, satisfaction, and self-fulfillment. The research findings indicate the need to define the school counseling occupation and its place in the school in order to help school counselors establish a clearer professional identity, with the aim of adapting the role to the challenges of the school system in the 21st century, in the world in general and in Israel in particular.
Caretaker Cabinets in Belgium
Authors: Dandoy Régis , Terrière Lorenzo
Published: September 2020

Caretaker Cabinets in Belgium: A New Measurement and Typology

Belgium is probably the world’s best known case of where caretaker governments reside. Yet a clear scholarly definition and measurement of this concept is missing. Based on a detailed analysis of the Belgian federal cabinets, this research note explores the main characteristics and measures the length of the various caretaker periods. We find that Belgium was governed for no less than 1,485 days by a caretaker government between 2007 and 2020, which equals more than four full calendar years. This research note also presents a novel typology of caretaker periods based on the institutional and political practice within the Belgian legislative and executive branches. This typology can be used to assess caretaker periods at other levels of government as well as in other countries in order to improve our understanding of the many ‘faces’ that a caretaker government can take on.
Surgical site infection in adults undergoing major non-cardiac surgery and its association with anemia, severe bleeding and intraoperative transfusion: A preliminary report from a prospective registry
Authors: Ariza Fredy , Castaño Darío Alberto , Bolaños-Aldana Julián David , Quintana-Díaz Manuel
Published: September 2020

Introduction

Surgical site infection (SSI) is among the most common healthcare-related infections. Given their greater morbidity and surgical complexity, patients undergoing major surgery are exposed to a high risk of SSI.

Objective

To determine the incidence of SSI in adult patients undergoing major elective non-cardiac surgery, and to identify risk factors associated with its occurrence within the first 30 days after surgery.

Methods

An analytical study was designed on the basis of a prospective institutional registry. Clinical and laboratory variables associated with perioperative management were recorded. An active search was conducted in order to find SSI episodes, renal failure and multiple organ dysfunction during the first 30 days after surgery. Adjusted logistic regression was done to identify potential associations between risk factors and the development of SSI.

Results

Overall, 1501 patients were included. The incidence of SSI during the first 30 days after surgery was 6.72% (95% CI 5.57-8.11). ASA III, abdominal surgery and longer procedures were more frequent in the SSI group. Association with the occurrence of SSI was documented for preoperative hemoglobin levels (adjusted OR 0.79 [95% CI 0.72-0.88], p = 0.04), intraoperative transfusion (adjusted OR 2,47 [95% CI 1.16-5.27], p = 0.02) and major blood loss (adjusted OR 3.80 [95% CI 1.63-8.88], p = 0.04).

Conclusion

Preoperative hemoglobin level, intraoperative transfusion and major bleeding are independent risk factors associated with the occurrence of SSI in adult patients undergoing major elective non-cardiac surgery.
Experience with veno-venous ecmo in patients with adult respiratory distress syndrome secondary to viral pneumonia. Case series
Authors: Figueredo Antonio , Salazar Leonardo , Pizarro Camilo E. , Orozco-Levi Mauricio , Botia Maria M.
Published: September 2020

Introduction: The use of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) has increased exponentially in recent years and has shown to be effective in treating adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) secondary to H1N1-related pneumonia. However, evidence remains controversial. This study describes a case series of ECMO in ARDS secondary to viral pneumonia.
Methods: A search was conducted in the ECMO database of Fundación Cardiovascular de Colombia for the 2013-2017 period. A case series report was written of patients diagnosed with ARDS secondary to confirmed or suspected viral pneumonia.
Results: Nineteen patients with ECMO support and ARDS due to viral pneumonia were included in the study. The survival rate upon discharge was 11 patients (58%) and weaning from ECMO support was successful in 13 patients (68%). Hemorrhagic complications were the most frequent: gastrointestinal bleeding, 10 patients (53%); intracranial bleeding, 2 (10%); alveolar hemorrhage, 2 (10%);’ hemothorax requiring thoracostomy with chest tube drainage, 2 (10%); cannulation site bleeding, 9 patients (47%); and surgical site bleeding in 3 patients (25%) who required tracheostomy. Other complications were: pneumothorax, 1 patient (5%); sepsis, 6 patients (32%); and growth of microorganisms in bronchial lavage, 6 patients (32%).
Conclusions: This study supports the use of veno-venous ECMO to achieve a higher survival rate than expected in patients with severe ARDS and refractory hypoxemia secondary to viral pneumonia. Early initiation of the therapy should improve overall results.
Concordance between the loss of resistance technique and ultrasound in measuring the distance from the skin to the epidural space in pediatric patients: Observational study
Authors: Echeverry-Marín Piedad Cecilia , Pérez-Pradilla Andrea Carolina , Reyes-Escobar Bernardo , Pereira-Ospina Rocío del Pilar , Quiroga-Carrillo Manuela
Published: September 2020

Introduction: The use of ultrasound in regional anesthesia has become a standard technique to improve nerve block accuracy and reduce associated complications. The literature reports a good correlation between the distance from the skin to the dura mater or the ligamentum flavum measured on ultrasound and the conventional technique of “loss of resistance”. Latin American populations have not been included in the studies conducted so far but, because of differences in physical build, it is important to determine whether this correlation is maintained in the various populations. This paper offers new information about the role of ultrasound in determining the distance to the ligamentum flavum and recognizing the proximity of the dura mater to avoid accidental puncture of this structure in Latin American populations.

Objective: To determine correlation and concordance in estimating the distance from the skin to the epidural space between the loss of resistance technique and ultrasound measurement.

Methodology: Observational study conducted in 52 pediatric patients who received general anesthesia plus peridural analgesia for acute perioperative pain management between July 2014 and November 2015 to assess correlation and concordance between loss of resistance and ultrasound measurement of distance to the epidural space.

Results: There is a correlation between distances measured using the two techniques, which appears to be higher as patient age increases. As for concordance, the study found that 0.43 cm should be added to the ultrasound measurement to achieve agreement with the distance obtained using the loss of resistance technique; however, the interval between the two measurements is 1.15 cm.

Conclusions: A correlation was found between the measurement taken from the skin to the peridural space using ultrasound and the measurement obtained with the traditional needle puncture and loss of resistance technique. Although concordance was not as expected and the distance measured with ultrasound may be smaller than the real measurement with the needle, ultrasound offers good guidance regarding proximity to the peridural space.
La réaction au dégagement et les caractéristiques individuelles du noyer cendré favorisant la résistance au chancre causé par l’Ophiognomonia clavigignenti-juglandacearum
Authors: DesRochers Pierre , Nadeau-Thibodeau Nicolas , Bernier Louis , Rioux Danny
Published: September 2020

Nous examinons l’impact du dégagement et des caractéristiques des noyers cendrés, y compris le phénotype d’écorce, sur leur santé. Sur deux sites au Québec, des noyers ont été mis en lumière par détourage de cime. Nous analysons aussi les caractéristiques de noyers recueillies par un collaborateur en Montérégie en lien avec leur santé. Il n’a pas été démontré que ce dégagement améliorait la santé des noyers. Cependant, le site, la croissance en diamètre avant le dégagement et le prélèvement de rameaux sur certains noyers ont eu un impact significatif sur certaines variables de santé. Concernant les noyers cendrés de la Montérégie, les dommages au tronc et la résistance potentielle au chancre causé par l’Ophiognomonia clavigignenti-juglandacearum sont influencés de façon significative par l’étage auquel ils appartiennent, une position supérieure garantissant une meilleure santé. La mort en cime des noyers de phénotype à écorce foncée et rugueuse est significativement moindre que celle des noyers à écorce lisse. La vigueur des noyers est supérieure chez les arbres présentant une plus grande croissance annuelle en surface terrière. Cette croissance annuelle est significativement plus élevée chez les noyers des étages supérieurs et chez les noyers cendrés à écorce rugueuse.
Reaction to release treatments and distinctive attributes of butternut that promote resistance to the canker caused byOphiognomonia clavigignenti-juglandacearum
Authors: DesRochers Pierre , Nadeau-Thibodeau Nicolas , Bernier Louis , Rioux Danny
Published: September 2020

This research examines the impact of light and tree attributes of butternuts, including bark phenotype, on their health. Some butternuts were released by thinning the crowns of neighbouring trees in two locations in Québec, while others were not. Various butternut characteristics related to their health that had been collected by a partner in the Montérégie region are also analysed. The release treatment did not have any significant impact on any health variables. However, their location, the diameter increments before releasing trees and twig collection on some butternuts had a significant impact on some of these variables. For the butternuts of the Montérégie region, their position in the canopy had a significant impact on main stem damage and on the putative resistance to the canker caused by Ophiognomonia clavigignenti-juglandacearum; trees from the upper storey were healthier. Dieback of dark and deep furrowed bark phenotype butternuts was significantly lower than that of the light, shallow furrowed bark ones. Butternuts with a greater annual increase in basal area had better vigour. This was greater in the upper canopy and among the deep furrowed bark butternuts.
Effects of manual brushing on 10-year survival and growth of Douglas-fir in the mixed broadleaf – shrub complex of southern interior British Columbia
Authors: Harper George , Brown Kevin
Published: September 2020

Manual brushing is used to minimize the competitive effects of paper birch (Betula papyrifera Marsh) and associated broadleaved trees on young Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii var. glauca) in southern interior British Columbia. Effects of brushing broadleaved trees, predominantly birch, on interior Douglas-fir survival and growth were studied on four sites. Treatments were applied when plantations were five to nine years old. Through 10 years post treatment, brushing did not affect Douglas-fir survival, but increase height by 22 % and stem diameter by 31 % and the differences were greater than seen at five years. After 10 years, linear models described a declining Douglas-fir height or diameter with increasing broadleaved tree density. Boundary line analysis was used to describe maximum treatment response to broadleaved density and two distance independent competition indices for birch and broadleaves, combining either cover or density with relative heights (CRH, DRH, respectively). A negative exponential relationship was fit to 10-year Douglas-fir heights and diameters with increasing values CRH or DRH. Competition thresholds for density, CRH and DRH were not apparent. The quantile regression results indicated the 10-year response of young Douglas-fir diameter to brushing occurred primarily with the largest 55 % to 85 % of the population, CRH and DRH respectively.
Economic Organization and Social Dynamics of Middle-Holocene Hunter-Gatherer-Fisher Communities on the Coast of the Atacama Desert (Taltal, Northern Chile)
Authors: Salazar Diego , Flores Carola , Borie César , Olguín Laura , Rebolledo Sandra , Escobar Manuel , Cifuentes Ariadna
Published: September 2020

Chapter 3 summarizes research on maritime adaptations at Middle Holocene (~7,500 to 4,500 cal BP) occupations of the southern extreme of the Atacama Desert, centered around Taltal on the north Chilean coast. Through this period, the authors see increasing population, complexity, and sedentism, but the social system comes to an abrupt end at 4,500 cal BP. In this hyperarid region, marine resources were always extremely important.
The Use and Construction History of Huaca Prieta, North Coast of Peru
Authors: Dillehay Tom D.
Published: September 2020

Chapter 4 summarizes the construction, subsistence, and social correlates of Huaca Prieta, a mound site in the lower Chicama Valley on the north coast of Peru, from the earliest evidence of human presence in the Late Pleistocene (ca. 12,500 14C BP) through abandonment at 3,800 14C BP. Marine resources were important throughout the sequence, which saw an early advent of agriculture and increasing population, complexity, and monumentality.
The Haunting of Mary Hutchinson
Authors: Garrity Jane
Published: September 2020

This chapter argues that earlier assessments of Mary Hutchinson’s writing have tended to conflate her status as a feminine arbiter of taste with her work, seeing the two as similarly irrational and slight. Such assessments have contributed to the pervasive assumption that Hutchinson is not a writer of substance and they have been instrumental in facilitating her obscurity and associating her work with a conservative concept of femininity. Instead, this chapter situates Hutchinson’s writing in relation to the Bloomsbury group’s interest in art and argues that her complex articulation of early twentieth-century femininity in Fugitive Pieces (1927) has been unjustly trivialized because of its association with the realm of fashion. Drawing from extensive archival research, this chapter shows how Hutchinson repeatedly puts femininity and modernity into conversation as she interrogates what it would mean if feminine phenomena were given a central place in our cultural analysis of modernity.
Virginia Woolf and Mina Loy
Authors: Delsandro Erica Gene
Published: September 2020

In “Virginia Woolf and Mina Loy: Modernist Affiliations,” Erica Gene Delsandro encourages feminist modernist scholars to imagine beyond the male-dominated story of modernism by challenging iconicity and canonicity through her reading of Woolf and Loy. By focusing on two modernist women writers who are rarely studied in tandem, this chapter proposes alternative ways of reading that privilege affiliations and resonances, tracing modernist motifs throughout Woolf’s and Loy’s writing. In so doing, Delsandro advocates for more inclusive and expansive reading practices that invite feminist modernists to remake modernism in their scholarship and in their classrooms.
The Archaeology of Magunkaquog
Authors: Mrozowski Stephen A.
Published: September 2020

Chapter 3 details the history of the Magunkaquog site from the features and material culture recovered through archaeological investigations in the late 1990s, combined with information from documentary records. With this site, the location of a seventeenth-century praying town meeting house, collaboration began between the archaeologists and the Nipmuc Nation. Certain practices revealed through archaeology conducted at this site provide clear evidence of a continuum between the post-contact inhabitants at Magunkaquog and their pre-contact cultural practices. Connections to other Native sites in southern New England also exist. Analyses of soils, ceramics, metals, glass, pipes, lithics, buttons and other artifacts provide a glimpse into the everyday lives of the site’s inhabitants 350 years ago as they encountered intense cultural changes with the arrival of John Eliot and other European settlers coupled with the adoption of European products into their lives.
The Archaeology of Hassanamesit Woods
Authors: Pezzarossi Heather Law , Mrozowski Stephen A.
Published: September 2020

Chapter 5 shares the results of eight years of field work conducted at the Hassanamesit Woods Land Trust in Grafton, Mass., focused on the Sarah Burnee/Sarah Boston Homestead site on Keith Hill. The material recovered from the site dates to the eighteenth and nineteenth century occupations and demonstrates how this homestead functioned as a center of activity and gathering for the Nipmuc community. Loss of this parcel in 1854 provides one example of how land sales by this family (and others) over the generations resulted in dispossession of the tribal land base in Nipmuc homelands. The archaeology at this site contributes information about different dimensions of the Nipmuc community (such as occupational diversity) and emphasizes the contributions archaeology can make to the enrichment of Nipmuc historical narratives and of the present-day tribe, which has embraced learning more about this site and its occupants through the Hassanamesit Woods project.
The Natural and Constructed Landscape of Salinas de los Nueve Cerros, Guatemala
Authors: Woodfill Brent K. S. , Wolf Marc
Published: September 2020

Chapter 3, presented by Brent K. S. Woodfill and Marc Wolf, introduces Salinas de los Nueve Cerros, a site located at the highland-lowland nexus in western Guatemala, best known as being the largest of the ancient Maya saltworks in the southern lowlands. The site’s natural and constructed monumental landscape defined not only the city’s layout but also its economy and political structure. The most obvious of the saltworks were the brine stream and salt flats, but the salt industry changed the landscape in other ways—it was fueled by fires that needed a constant supply of firewood and allowed for the large-scale production of other commodities including dried, salted fish, which were harvested in large quantities from the Chixoy River and associated streams and oxbow lakes. All of these resources appear to have been tightly controlled by the local elite, who marked their presence with large administrative and public ritual structures.
Latino Orlando
Authors: Delerme Simone
Published: September 2020

Latino Orlando: Suburban Transformation and Racial Conflict documents the migration, settlement, and incorporation of Puerto Ricans and other Latinos in Greater Orlando, analyzes the response to the influx, and examines the ways that race- and class-based identities and distinctions were formulated and represented. The international migration to Greater Orlando impacted social, political, and economic life. The book details the complexities of those experiences for both the incoming and receiving populations. Latino Orlando reveals how demographic changes transformed not only the landscape, but the soundscape as well, causing dissent between Latinos and non-Latinos. Language ideologies in opposition to the use of Spanish led to the racialization of Latino people and Latino concentrated communities, which contributes to residential segregation and the growth of suburban ethnic enclaves. The book argues that Latino migrants are complicating racial categorizations and challenging the deep-rooted racial binary that has prevailed in the South. However, the book documents not only the tensions between Latinos and non-Latinos, but also the class-based distinctions that lead to dissent within the Latino population. Therefore, the book contributes to the growing body of literature on migration and globalization in the American south.
Introduction
Authors: Delerme Simone
Published: September 2020

The introduction provides the reader with essential background information on Puerto Rican and Latino patterns of migration and the recent demographic shifts. The chapter describes the research methodology followed by an explanation of US census racial categories that lead to the racialization of Latinos. The introduction ends with a description of each chapter in the book.
Social Class Distinctions and the Latino Elite
Authors: Delerme Simone
Published: September 2020

Chapter 4 goes beyond Osceola County and the Buenaventura Lakes suburb to document the formation of a “Latino elite,” a community of professionals and entrepreneurs brought together by business networking organizations for Latinos. The chapter focuses on the elite spaces that are now being constructed, and these are the spaces of social clubs, golf courses, and business networking groups where the formation of a Latino upper class is now occurring. Drawing on the work of Pierre Bourdieu, the ethnographic vignettes throughout the chapter show how Puerto Ricans and other Latinos formulate, perform, and embody their social class positions, and the ways they perpetuate these differences through lifestyle choices and by articulating class based distinctions. Through this examination the reader will see how the everyday lives of individuals are shaped by their class positions and the distinctions that are made, consciously and unconsciously, thereby fostering a polarized Latino population. Ultimately, this chapter reveals how the exclusivity and elitism of the Latino upper class contrasts with the poverty, struggles, and criminalization experienced by the low-skilled, service sector labor force.
Island Production for Global and Local Consumption
Authors: Stahl Peter W. , Astudillo Fernando J. , Jamieson Ross W. , Quiroga Diego , Delgado Florencio
Published: September 2020

This chapter describes archaeological investigations of the historic Hacienda El Progreso. Excavation areas, phytolith sampling columns, and preserved infrastructure from the hacienda’s buildings and sugar mill are described and contextualized. Zooarchaeological and archaeobotanical identifications and analyses are described as they pertain to agriculture, sugar production, cattle ranching, animal exploitation, exportation, and landscape transformation. Historic and modern landscape transformations are visually presented through time via repeat photography.
Rejuvenation, Unage, and the Authenticity of the Older Woman
Authors: Dawson Melanie V.
Published: September 2020

Exploring two trends in the treatment of aging in Wharton’s and Atherton’s works, this chapter traces interests in medical rejuvenation, a practice called the Steinach procedure that combined hormonal and X-ray therapies. Wharton’s vision about resisting age is less sensational, but no less focused on socially privileged women’s resistance to aging as she reveals the emphasis on “unage” or remaining virtually the same across one’s lifetime, a practice traceable to New York’s high society women. At the same time, in these societies, the older woman was viewed as authentic, despite resisting age, in a way that raw youth was not.
Laissez-Faire in the American Tradition
Authors: Calvo Christopher W.
Published: September 2020

This chapter discusses liberal economic thought in the Southern and Northeastern discourses. Regional historical contexts account for the internal and trans-Atlantic divisions within antebellum liberal political economy. Southern free traders like John Calhoun and Thomas Cooper tied their brand of laissez-faire to a politically and economically inspired states’ rights and agrarian defense of slavery. In theoretically significant ways, Southerners divorced their version of free trade from Northeastern and British liberalism. Divisions widened as slavery was raised to the fore of domestic politics, and made permanent when British laissez-faire grew attached to industrialization. Northeastern free traders like Francis Wayland and John McVickar pursued a style of laissez-faire that comported with the Smithian tradition by focusing on the moral and theological benefits of free trade universalism. Northeastern liberals largely ignored the economic benefits of free markets. And the mid-century secular turn in economics, especially in British thought, completed the breach between American and European expressions of intellectual capitalism.
Using Dental Microwear to Understand the Dietary Behavior of Domestic Dogs in Precontact North America
Authors: Burtt Amanda , Desantis Larisa R. G.
Published: September 2020

Research presented here employs Dental Microwear Texture Analysis (DMTA) to better understand food sharing among people and dogs in the Late Precontact Northwestern Plains and Midwest. DMTA is used to examine a specific tooth on the mandible of curated dog skeletons at two archaeological repositories. Dogs in the past are often described as strictly scavengers, while this project defines scavenging behaviors of domestic dogs in two more descriptive categories that can be used to better understand human-canine food sharing. The categories are provisioned consumers, dogs either fed or allowed to scavenge successfully, and non-provisioned scavengers, dogs not scavenging successfully and exhibiting signs of food stress. These categories are assigned based on known dietary behavior ecologies of coyotes and wolves (the domestic dog’s two closest relatives). This analysis shows that nuanced feeding strategies can be observed based on dental microwear features on the teeth of domestic dogs.
Powerful Pups
Authors: Moses Victoria
Published: September 2020

While most Roman animal sacrifice consisted of common meat sources (sheep/goat, cattle, and pig), evidence from the early sixth century BCE Archaic temple from the Area Sacra di Sant’Omobono in Rome demonstrates that dogs were sacrificed at the site along with other domesticates. Domestic dog remains recovered from this site consist of primarily juvenile cranial elements, suggesting that there was a deliberate selection of young animals and cranial skeletal elements interred at the sanctuary. These findings from the zooarchaeological analysis provide evidence for early Romans sacrificing subadult dogs for rites of purification during the Archaic period and these practices may have been the precursors for rituals that continued into later periods.
Introduction
Authors: Parish Ryan M. , McNutt Charles H.
Published: September 2020

Cahokia’s role in “Mississippianization”—or the rapid advent of monumental architecture; maize-based subsistence practices; a rich iconography; and social, political, and economic complexity—and its spread or adoption throughout the Midwest and Southeast is intriguing. The question of whether what we see in the archaeological record can be described as an “event” or a “process” drives research into examining cultural change and forces us to critically evaluate what exactly is Mississippian. Recent studies are first recognizing that what we call Mississippian culture is incredibly complex, from individual communities to broad regions whose localized development cannot be overshadowed. Second, researchers acknowledge that change is marked by historic figures, events, places, objects, landscapes, memories, traditions, beliefs, and people. The tangled web of change observed in the archaeological record is further obscured by the temporal and spatial scales of the data. However, creative models and collaborative research are elucidating the variability of Mississippianization from inception, spread, and adoption. The Cahokia site, its rise and fall as an early regional influencer of people both locally and abroad, is an important framework within which to study the development of place, memory, events, cultural traditions, and the last millennia of precontact North America.
A Young Man Twice Burned
Authors: Cook Della Collins , Gano Laura , Hedman Kristin M. , Helfrich Susan Spencer , Thompson Andrew R.
Published: September 2020

The Schild site in west-central Illinois comprises two Mississippian cemeteries (ca. AD 1030), one of which includes the burial of a young male (SA117) without a left hand who was buried on the periphery of the cemetery. We suggest a complicated scenario including that the forearm was burned, resulting in loss of the hand, and we argue for a deviant social identity for this unfortunate young man. SA117 was not provided with grave goods—he was buried in a semi-flexed position, and his grave is unusual in that a fire was built over the grave fill. His marginalization and his disability may reflect outsider status; in fact, based on principal components analysis, his skull differs significantly from other Mississippian males. Several American Indian groups marked unusual causes of death in mortuary practices, and survivors of some kinds of trauma—for example, scalping—were treated as if dead. The use of fire in ordeals marked the transformation of captives into slaves or adopted members of the captor community; SA117 may have been such a person.
The Odd Man Out in a Pioneer Cemetery at Seccombe Lake Park, San Bernardino, California
Authors: Lambert Patricia M.
Published: September 2020

In 1989, a pioneer cemetery associated with the 19th-century Latter-Day Saints colony in San Bernardino, California, was discovered during the construction of a baseball field. Among the remains of 12 individuals recovered from the cemetery were those of a young man of about 22 years, whose burial treatment differed notably from the other intact interments at the site. Unlike these coffin burials, Burial 5 was found in a sprawling position, apparently tossed unceremoniously into the grave pit. Dental morphological traits identified the genetic affinities of this man as Native American, perhaps a member of the local Cahuilla or Serrano tribes, whereas the other individuals appeared to be of European ancestry, an interpretation consistent with records kept by community members. A possible identity for this individual came from a journal account describing the shooting of an “Indian” by the local sheriff, who was then brought to the fort, died, and was buried before his fellow tribesmen arrived to determine what had transpired and perhaps to claim his remains. This chapter explores the identity and life history of this young man in the context of the history of the valley and the pioneer community in which he met his death.
The Hunchback, the Contortionist, the Man with the Stolen Identity, and the One Who Will Be Born in the Afterlife
Authors: Więckowski Wiesław , Giersz Miłosz , Nita Roberto Pimentel
Published: September 2020

During the 2010 and 2012 excavation seasons, a Polish-Peruvian team excavated a small elevated mound—the remains of a platform—located in the northern sector of Castillo de Huarmey archaeological site, unearthing relics of stone architecture and a number of burials dated to the latter part of the Early Horizon (ca. 800–100 BC). Although the entire cemetery has not been excavated, the burial pattern that emerges from burials known to date is fairly clear and seems to be consistent with that of other Early Horizon sites from the north coast of Peru. Within the group of burials from Huarmey, four are rather atypical; they differ from the overall burial pattern in terms of body arrangement, as well as the presence of possible pre-and post-depositional alterations to the remains. Two skeletons of adult individuals were deposited in a completely different manner from the others, and two children were also buried in a rather unusual way. This chapter presents these four deviant burials, describes their context, and offers possible interpretations regarding the reasons for these atypical depositions using iconographic and archaeological analogies.
Burial in a Kiln
Authors: Tsaliki Anastasia
Published: September 2020

The present case investigates a burial in a kiln and its interpretations, including the probability of criminal punishment in Early Byzantine Attica. Human skeletal remains from the 4th century AD were found in a kiln at the site of Merenda, in Attica, Greece. The inhumation consisted of an individual that seemed to be cut in half and re-arranged in such a way that her upper and lower halves were deposited next to each other. Portions of a second individual, a male, were found in association. This burial can be called deviant in the sense that it is different from the usual manner of interment during Late Antiquity. Osteological and burial context analyses, together with historical sources, help to shed light on the cultural circumstances surrounding the burial.
Theoretical and Methodological Approaches to Non-Normative Burials in Finland in the Eleventh–Thirteenth Centuries AD
Authors: Moilanen Ulla
Published: September 2020

The variety in burial customs and funerary treatments may fail to be noticed in large-scale analysis and strict categorizations. This chapter suggests that an archaeothanatological method, which helps reconstruct the original burial position and corpse treatment, and a microarchaeological framework, which pays attention to details instead of making broad generalizations, help identify the variations in funerary treatments and burial customs, and reveal possible cases of atypical burials. These burials should not be viewed simply as manifestations of good or bad death or fear of the dead, nor interpreted as reflections of religious beliefs. Instead, they should be placed in the wider socio-historical contexts and studied from various perspectives. Overall, this chapter highlights the benefits of using multiple scientific and anthropological methods, including archaeothanatology and microarchaeology, in identifying and interpreting atypical burials and encourages future studies to employ similar scientific methods.
Photography Off Limits
Authors: Donoso Macaya Ángeles
Published: September 2020

This chapter considers how photojournalists for independent magazines resisted and even mocked military censorship under Pinochet’s dictatorship. Whenever these publications became too blatant in their criticism of the dictatorship, DINACOS responded with stricter forms of censorship, culminating in a total ban on images in 1984. The 1984 ban, which affected the magazines Análisis, Apsi, and Cauce and the newspaper Fortín Mapocho, prompted editors to devise ways not only to convey what the censored, absent images would have depicted, but also to make visible the violence intrinsic in the ban itself. Even though they did remove the actual photographs, they kept referring to them as if they were visible on the surface of the page. The chapter also considers protests carried out in opposition to the ban and Pinochet.
Culture, Policy, and Nested Games
Authors: Barreto Amílcar Antonio
Published: September 2020

Members of all three political parties suggested that Governor Hernández-Colón was primarily interested in sending Congress a message—and a cultural one at that. Such an intent, if true, is still inconsistent with classic assumptions of a political party’s rational behavior. But there is an alternative logical explanation, within the rational choice framework, to Downs’s assumption of vote-maximizing behavior. As George Tsebelis contended, a nested game consists of public-facing game masking another game outside the limelight. Under this proposal a decision, even an unpopular one that costs an election, is logical so long as it furthers an actor’s non-electoral goals. In this case the PPD sought to wave the banner of Puerto Rican identity, even in its soft-core cultural form, to thwart their statehood foes in the one body empowered to change the island’s status—the US Congress.
Washington’s Passive Torpedoing of Statehood
Authors: Barreto Amílcar Antonio
Published: September 2020

This chapter focuses on recent developments in the language-status front. While the PPD has opted to leave the official languages issue alone, the PNP continuously pushed bilingual education as a step towards statehood. Furthermore, the PNP sought federal intervention in the form of a federal status bill which was patently designed to torpedo the Commonwealth option. Rejecting this proposal, Congress effectively threw the Commonwealth a lifeline. Unimpaired by congressional inaction, the PNP initiated status plebiscites in 2012 and 2017. Both used techniques designed to tip the scales in statehood’s favor. Congress has ignored both of their results. In a passive aggressive manner, the federal government has consistently favored the Commonwealth and has done so not because it particularly adulates it, but because it is the status that provides the US government with the greatest flexibility to control Puerto Rican affairs.
La Joven Moderna in Interwar Argentina
Authors: Tossounian Cecilia
Published: September 2020

This book reconstructs different images of modern femininities and their evolution during the 1920s and 1930s, showing that women were at the center of a public debate about modernity and its consequences on the emergence of an Argentine national identity.
With a focus on competing media representations of womanhood, mainly proposed by male contemporaries, but also with attention to young women’s descriptions of their experiences, the book explores different images of modern femininities and what they reveal about how Argentines imagined themselves and their country during decades of cultural and social renewal. Based on an analysis of a wide range of consumer culture sources—including women’s and general interest magazines and daily newspapers, pulp fiction, advertising, popular music, and films—this book shows that the multifaceted figure of the modern girl embodied the hopes, tensions and anxieties associated with sociocultural transformations, while becoming the bearer of diverse assessments about the Argentine nation. While the young modern woman was sometimes invoked to symbolize fears of the country’s moral decadence and cultural loss, at other times she stood for an “advanced” nation in the media, and her image was a demonstration of national progress and civilization. By reconstructing the emergence and evolution of new female images and their connection to the conformation of different versions of Argentina’s national identity, this book not only unveils the dynamics of sociocultural change but also explores its gendered and nationalistic dimension.
The Modern Working Girl
Authors: Tossounian Cecilia
Published: September 2020

Chapter 3 turns from the upper-class flapper to representations of female workers in order to explore how pink-collar labor impacted women’s daily lives, especially in the areas of dating and fashion. By tracing the representations and lived experience of these working modern girls, the chapter examines the contradiction expressed by the popular media, which alternatively praised the freedom, autonomy, and personal fulfillment associated with female work while at the same time condemning the effect of work and consumption on traditional gender roles.