bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: A Novel One‐Pot Synthesis of Vicinal Diamines with Benzaldehyde and Aniline Derivatives Mediated by BiCl3/Zn.
Authors: Wang Chang‐Cheng , Tang Yu , Pan Yong‐Heng , Yang Jun , Zhang Yuan‐Ming
Published: August 2015

The novel method allows the condensation of benzaldehydes and anilines to imines and reductive coupling of imines in a one‐pot manner to give vicinal diamines as diastereomeric mixture.
ChemInform Abstract: Silver Hexafluoroantimonate‐Catalyzed Direct α‐Alkylation of Unactivated Ketones.
Authors: Naveen Naganaboina , Koppolu Srinivasa Rao , Balamurugan Rengarajan
Published: August 2015

The in situ formation of acetals is the key for the success of the α‐propargylation, α‐allylation, and α‐alkylation reactions of unactivated ketones.
ChemInform Abstract: Rhodium(III)‐Catalyzed [2 + 2 + 2] Cyclotrimerization of Diynes with Maleic Anhydrides as Alkyne Equivalents.
Authors: Matsuda Takanori , Suzuki Kentaro
Published: August 2015

The title reaction involves a rather unprecedented expulsion of the ‐CO‐O‐CO‐ moiety from maleic anhydrides to generate alkyne equivalents, which react with 1,6‐diynes to provide a wide variety of [2 + 2 + 2] cycloadducts.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of New Carbazole Substituted Fullerene Derivative as an Electron Acceptor for Bulk Heterojunction Organic Photovoltaic Cell Applcations.
Authors: Sakthivel Pachagounder , Kumar S. K. Ashok , Thangamuthu R. , Jin Sung‐Ho
Published: August 2015

A new carbazole based fullerene acceptor derivative is synthesized which is thermally stable and soluble in common chlorinated organic solvents.
ChemInform Abstract: Asymmetric Michael/Cyclization Cascade Reaction of 3‐Isothiocyanato Oxindoles and 3‐Nitroindoles with Amino‐Thiocarbamate Catalysts: Enantioselective Synthesis of Polycyclic Spirooxindoles.
Authors: Zhao Jian‐Qiang , Zhou Ming‐Qiang , Wu Zhi‐Jun , Wang Zhen‐Hua , Yue Deng‐Feng , Xu Xiao‐Ying , Zhang Xiao‐Mei , Yuan Wei‐Cheng
Published: August 2015

The scalable and efficient method provides various polycyclic spirooxindoles with three contiguous chiral centers, two of which are quarternary, in excellent yields and with high to excellent dia‐ and enantioselectivities.
ChemInform Abstract: Tandem Prins Strategy for the Synthesis of Spiropyrrolidine and Spiropiperidine Derivatives.
Authors: Reddy Basi V. Subba , Yarlagadda Suresh , Reddy C. Ravikumar , Reddy M. Rajashekhar , Sridhar Balasubramanyan , Satyanarayana Dayaka , Jagadeesh Bharatam
Published: August 2015

A novel single‐step process is presented for the construction of spiropyrrolidines and spiropiperidines via cascade cyclization of amines (I) or (VIII) with aldehydes and ketones.
ChemInform Abstract: Copper(I)‐Catalyzed Intramolecular Hydroalkoxylation of Unactivated Alkenes.
Authors: Murayama Hiroaki , Nagao Kazunori , Ohmiya Hirohisa , Sawamura Masaya
Published: August 2015

The title reaction is applied to various terminal alkenes endowed with a primary or a secondary alcohol functionality affording five‐ or six‐membered ring ethers.
ChemInform Abstract: Aminotrifluoromethylation of Olefins via Cyclic Amine Formation: Mechanistic Study and Application to Synthesis of Trifluoromethylated Pyrrolidines.
Authors: Kawamura Shintaro , Egami Hiromichi , Sodeoka Mikiko
Published: August 2015

The mechanism of intramolecular cyclization of alkenylamines in the presence of Togni reagent (II) and CuI as catalyst is examined and the method is applied to the synthesis of a variety of 2,2,2‐trifluoroethyl substituted pyrrole derivatives.
ChemInform Abstract: A Copper‐Catalyzed Aerobic Domino Process for the Synthesis of Isoindolin‐1‐ylidene Derivatives.
Authors: Chen Hu , Wang Qian , Huang Yong
Published: August 2015

Starting from 2‐formyl cinnamates and amines a convenient access to the pharmacologically relevant isoindolin‐1‐ylidene scaffold is examined.
ChemInform Abstract: Highly Diastereo‐ and Enantioselective CuH‐Catalyzed Synthesis of 2,3‐Disubstituted Indolines.
Authors: Ascic Erhad , Buchwald Stephen L.
Published: August 2015

Cu‐catalyzed reductive cyclization of arylimines, derived from ortho‐amino styrenes, in the presence of (S,S)‐Ph‐BPE as chiral ligand constitutes a highly diastereo‐ and enantioselective synthesis of cis‐2,3‐disubstituted indolines.
ChemInform Abstract: Gold(I)‐Catalyzed Hydroindolylation of Allenyl Ethers.
Authors: Kona Chandrababu Naidu , Shinde Mahesh H. , Ramana Chepuri V.
Published: August 2015

The rearrangement of allenyl ethers in the presence of various indoles via either hydroindolylation or alkylation of the indole with the pendant group of the allenyl ether is observed.
ChemInform Abstract: Design, Synthesis, and Insecticidal Bioactivities Evaluation of Pyrrole‐ and Dihydropyrrole‐Fused Neonicotinoid Analogues Containing Chlorothiazole Ring.
Authors: Shen Hong‐Feng , Chen Xi , Liao Pin , Shao Xu‐Shen , Li Zhong , Xu Xiao‐Yong
Published: August 2015

A series of chlorothiazolylmethyl‐substituted pyrrole‐ and dihydropyrrole‐fused neonicotinoid analogues is synthesized for the first time.
ChemInform Abstract: Tandem Prins/Wagner/Ritter Process for the Stereoselective Synthesis of (3‐Oxabicyclo[4.2.0]octanyl)amide and (1‐(5‐Aryltetrahydrofuran‐3‐yl)cyclobutyl)amide Derivatives.
Authors: Subba Reddy B. V. , Muralikrishna K. , Yadav J. S. , Babu N. Jagdeesh , Sirisha K. , Sarma A. V. S.
Published: August 2015

Three‐component reaction of vinylcyclopropyl carbinol (I), aldehydes, and nitriles provides access to the novel oxabicyclooctanyl amides [cf.
ChemInform Abstract: Cesium Carbonate Supported on Hydroxyapatite Coated Ni0.5Zn0.5Fe2O4 Magnetic Nanoparticles as an Efficient and Green Catalyst for the Synthesis of Pyrano[2,3‐c]pyrazoles.
Authors: Moeinpour Farid , Khojastehnezhad Amir
Published: August 2015

The new, fully characterized catalyst system is found to be a magnetically separable, highly efficient, green and recyclable heterogeneous catalyst.
ChemInform Abstract: Molecular Diversity from the L‐Proline‐Catalyzed, Three‐Component Reactions of 4‐Hydroxycoumarin, Aldehyde, and 3‐Aminopyrazole or 1,3‐Dimethyl‐6‐aminouracil.
Authors: Bharti Ruchi , Parvin Tasneem
Published: August 2015

The three‐component reaction of 4‐hydroxycoumarin, aldehydes, and aminopyrazoles (III) provides the cyclized products (IV), whereas under similar reaction conditions replacing aminopyrazole by 1,3‐dimethyl‐6‐aminouracil (VI) provides the acyclic products (VII).
ChemInform Abstract: Reactions of Nitroxides. Part 15. Cinnamates Bearing a Nitroxyl Moiety Synthesized Using a Mizoroki—Heck Cross‐Coupling Reaction.
Authors: Zakrzewski Jerzy , Huras Bogumila
Published: August 2015

in the presence of a polyurea‐encapsulated palladium(II) acetate/tri(o‐tolyl)phosphine complex as catalyst
ChemInform Abstract: An Improved Method for the Regioselective Synthesis of Highly Substituted Quinolines from Morita—Baylis—Hillman Adducts.
Authors: Zeoly Lucas A. , Barcelos Rosimeire C. , Rodrigues Manoel T. Jr. , Gomes Ralph C. , Coelho Fernando
Published: August 2015

The Pd‐catalyzed Heck reaction of indoanilines with Morita—Baylis—Hillman adducts leads to the regioselective formation of quinoline derivatives.
ChemInform Abstract: A Titanium(III)‐Catalyzed Reductive Umpolung Reaction for the Synthesis of 1,1‐Disubstituted Tetrahydroisoquinolines.
Authors: Luu Hieu‐Trinh , Wiesler Stefan , Frey Georg , Streuff Jan
Published: August 2015

A reductive C‐1 acylation of 3,4‐dihydroisoquinolines is developed that gives selective access to 1,1‐disubstituted tetrahydroisoquinolines via a Ti(III)‐catalyzed umpolung process.
ChemInform Abstract: Organocatalytic Enantioselective Oxidative C—H Alkenylation and Arylation of N‐Carbamoyl Tetrahydropyridines and Tetrahydro‐β‐carbolines.
Authors: Liu Xigong , Meng Zhilin , Li Chengkun , Lou Hongxiang , Liu Lei
Published: August 2015

The enantioselective alkenylation and arylation of tetrahydro‐β‐carbolines with boronates is presented using a metal free process in the presence of tartaric acid derivative as organocatalyst and DDQ as the oxidant.
ChemInform Abstract: Gallium(III)‐Promoted Halocyclizations of 1,6‐Diynes.
Authors: Strom Kyle R. , Impastato Anna C. , Moy Kenneth J. , Landreth Adrian J. , Snyder John K.
Published: August 2015

Starting from alkylaryl substituted bis(prop‐2‐yn‐1‐yl) amines or ethers conditions for an iodocyclization with subsequent Friedel‐Crafts cyclization to iodoindenopyridine derivatives are elaborated.
ChemInform Abstract: Post‐Ugi Carbocyclization/Fragmentation Sequence for the Synthesis of 6,7‐Dihydro‐5H‐pyrrolo[3,4‐b]pyridin‐5‐ones.
Authors: Trang Tran Thi Thu , Peshkov Anatoly A. , Jacobs Jeroen , Van Meervelt Luc , Peshkov Vsevolod A. , Van der Eycken Erik V.
Published: August 2015

A two step one‐pot sequence involving Ugi reaction followed by base promoted carbocyclization allows the synthesis of pyrrolopyridine (IV).
ChemInform Abstract: Indolizines and Pyrrolo[1,2‐c]pyrimidines Decorated with a Pyrimidine and a Pyridine Unit Respectively.
Authors: Popa Marcel Mirel , Georgescu Emilian , Caira Mino R. , Georgescu Florentina , Draghici Constantin , Stan Raluca , Deleanu Calin , Dumitrascu Florea
Published: August 2015

4‐(4‐Pyridyl)pyrimidine (I) and its 3‐pyridyl‐isomer (V) undergo quaternization reactions at the pyridine ring in reactions with bromoacetophenones, whilst the 4‐(2‐pyridyl)pyrimidine (VIII) suffers quaternization at the pyrimidine ring due to steric hindrance.
ChemInform Abstract: Lewis Acid‐Catalyzed or Base‐Promoted Regioselective Cycloisomerization of N‐Imidoyl‐o‐alkynylanilines for Synthesis of N‐Imidoyl‐(1H)‐indoles and 4‐Alkylidene‐3,4‐dihydroquinazolines.
Authors: Otani Takashi , Jiang Xue , Cho Kinryo , Araki Rino , Kutsumura Noriki , Saito Takao
Published: August 2015

The product selectivity of cyclization reactions of o‐alkynylaniline substrates depends mainly on the catalyst or promotor used and on the substituents of the substrates.
ChemInform Abstract: Facile One Pot Synthesis of 8‐Chloro‐[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3‐a]pyrazines via Oxidative Cyclization Using Chloramine T.
Authors: Mal Sanjib , Prathap Kilaru Jagadeesh , Smith Stephen C. , Umarye Jayant D.
Published: August 2015

The reaction of 3‐hydrazinylpyrazines with aldehydes and subsequent chloramine T promoted cyclization of the resulting hydrazone intermediates provides the title compounds.
ChemInform Abstract: Multicomponent Domino Process for the Synthesis of Some Novel Benzo[a]chromenophenazine Fused Ring Systems Using H2SO4, Phosphotungstic Acid, and [NMP] H2PO4.
Authors: Rajeswari M. , Khanna Garima , Chaudhary Ankita , Khurana Jitender M.
Published: August 2015

Use of phosphotungstic acid or [NMP] H2PO4 as catalyst in the first condensation step provides comparable results.
ChemInform Abstract: Facile Synthesis of Both Perfluoroalkyl and Phosphonate Groups Substituted trans‐1,5‐Benzodiazepine and Its Derivatives via a One‐Pot Catalyst‐Free Process.
Authors: Shen Yangyong , Han Jing , Sun Xuechun , Wang Xiaojun , Chen Jie , Deng Hongmei , Shao Min , Shi Hong , Zhang Hui , Cao Weiguo
Published: August 2015

The condensation reaction of ortho‐phenylenediamines, fluorinated alkynephosphonates, and aromatic or aliphatic aldehydes gives benzodiazepines diastereoselectively under mild conditions.
ChemInform Abstract: One‐Pot Catalytic Asymmetric Borylation of Unsaturated Aldehyde‐Derived Imines; Functionalization to Homoallylic Boronate Carboxylate Ester Derivatives.
Authors: Pujol Alba , Calow Adam D. J. , Batsanov Andrei S. , Whiting Andrew
Published: August 2015

The conversion of 3‐aryl or 3‐alkyl substituted acrolein or methacrolein derivatives to the corresponding imines and subsequent in situ borylation of the latter is extensively studied.
ChemInform Abstract: A One‐Pot Three‐Component Synthesis of Novel α‐Sulfamidophosphonates under Ultrasound Irradiation and Catalyst‐Free Conditions.
Authors: Belhani Billel , Berredjem Malika , Le Borgne Marc , Bouaziz Zouhair , Lebreton Jacques , Aouf Nour‐Eddine
Published: August 2015

The new methodology offers several advantages such as mild, catalyst‐free and solvent‐free reaction conditions, short reaction times, good yields, simple work‐up procedures and environmental friendliness.
ChemInform Abstract: Stereoselective Synthesis of Glycosides Using (Salen)Co Catalysts as Promoters.
Authors: Medina Sandra , Henderson Alexander S. , Bower John F. , Galan M. Carmen
Published: August 2015

The use of (salen)Co catalysts as a new class of bench‐stable stereoselective glycosylation promoters of trichloroacetimidate glycosyl donors is described.
ChemInform Abstract: Two Unusual Polycyclic Polyprenylated Acylphloroglucinols, Including a Pair of Enantiomers from Garcinia multiflora.
Authors: Yuan Chun‐Mao , et al.
Published: August 2015

Garcimulin A ((.+‐.)‐I) and B ((‐)‐II) are isolated and their structure is evaluated.
ChemInform Abstract: Saccharothriolides A—C, Novel Phenyl‐Substituted 10‐Membered Macrolides Isolated from a Rare Actinomycete Saccharothrix sp.
Authors: Lu Shan , Nishimura Shinichi , Hirai Go , Ito Masashi , Kawahara Teppei , Izumikawa Miho , Sodeoka Mikiko , Shin‐ya Kazuo , Tsuchida Toshio , Kakeya Hideaki
Published: August 2015

Saccharothriolide B (Ib) demonstrates moderate cytotoxicity against cancer cell lines HeLa and HT1080.
ChemInform Abstract: Structures of Monomeric Octahedral D2 Rhenium(V) Oxo Complexes with Oxygen Atoms trans to the Oxo Ligands: Complexes with Ethoxo Ligands trans to O(oxo)
Authors: Sergienko V. S. , Churakov A. V.
Published: August 2015

Review: 56 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: The Apratoxin Marine Natural Products: Isolation, Structure Determination, and Asymmetric Total Synthesis
Authors: Tarsis Emily M. , Rastelli Ettore J. , Wengryniuk Sarah E. , Coltart Don M.
Published: August 2015

Review: [50 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Carbon Nano‐Onions (Multi‐Layer Fullerenes): Chemistry and Applications
Authors: Bartelmess Juergen , Giordani Silvia
Published: August 2015

Review: 83 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Well‐Dispersed and Size‐Controlled Supported Metal Oxide Nanoparticles Derived from MOF Composites and Further Application in Catalysis
Authors: Liu Hong , Zhang Suoying , Liu Yayuan , Yang Zhuhong , Feng Xin , Lu Xiaohua , Huo Fengwei
Published: August 2015

Review: 50 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Recent Advance of the Application of Interrupted Fischer Indolization Toward Bioactive Indoline Alkaloids
Authors: Mo Yuanzhao , Zhao Jipeng , Chen Weiping , Wang Qiaofeng
Published: August 2015

Review: 42 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: The Nugent—RajanBabu Reagent: A Formidable Tool in Contemporary Radical and Organometallic Chemistry
Authors: Rosales Antonio , Rodriguez‐Garcia Ignacio , Munoz‐Bascon Juan , Roldan‐Molina Esther , Padial Natalia M. , Morales Laura Pozo , Garcia‐Ocana Marta , Oltra J. Enrique
Published: August 2015

Review: [80 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: SiliaCat: A Versatile Catalyst Series for Synthetic Organic Chemistry
Authors: Ciriminna Rosaria , Pandarus Valerica , Fidalgo Alexandra , Ilharco Laura M. , Beland Francois , Pagliaro Mario
Published: August 2015

Review: 73 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Macrocyclic Sulfates as Versatile Building Blocks in the Synthesis of Monodisperse Poly(ethylene glycol)s and Monofunctionalized Derivatives.
Authors: Li Yu , Qiu Xiaolong , Jiang Zhong‐Xing
Published: August 2015

Review: 28 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Chemical Conversions of Biomass‐Derived Platform Chemicals over Copper—Silica Nanocomposite Catalysts
Authors: Upare Pravin P. , Hwang Young Kyu , Lee Jong‐Min , Hwang Dong Won , Chang Jong‐San
Published: August 2015

Review: 100 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Recent Advances in Employing Homoenolates Generated by N‐Heterocyclic Carbene (NHC) Catalysis in Carbon—Carbon Bond‐Forming Reactions
Authors: Menon Rajeev S. , Biju Akkattu T. , Nair Vijay
Published: August 2015

Review: [developments since 2011; 50 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Radical Aryl Migration Reactions and Synthetic Applications
Authors: Chen Zhi‐Min , Zhang Xiao‐Ming , Tu Yong‐Qiang
Published: August 2015

Review: [114 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: A Forty Year Odyssey in Metallo—Organic Chemistry
Authors: Nicholas Kenneth M.
Published: August 2015

Review: [84 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Chiral Iminophosphoranes — An Emerging Class of Superbase Organocatalysts
Authors: Krawczyk Henryk , Dziegielewski Marek , Deredas Dariusz , Albrecht Anna , Albrecht Lukasz
Published: August 2015

Review: [23 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Recent Progress Towards Transition‐Metal‐Catalyzed Synthesis of Fluorenes
Authors: Zhou Ai‐Hua , Pan Fei , Zhu Chunyin , Ye Long‐Wu
Published: August 2015

Review: [38 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Tetrazoles via Isocyanide‐Based Reactions
Authors: Maleki Ali , Sarvary Afshin
Published: August 2015

Review: [55 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: An Overview of Zn‐Catalyzed Enantioselective Aldol Type C—C Bond Formation
Authors: Thankachan Amrutha P. , Asha S. , Sindhu K. S. , Anilkumar Gopinathan
Published: August 2015

Review: [76 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Engineered Biosynthesis of Natural Products in Heterologous Hosts
Authors: Luo Yunzi , Li Bing‐Zhi , Liu Duo , Zhang Lu , Chen Yan , Jia Bin , Zeng Bo‐Xuan , Zhao Huimin , Yuan Ying‐Jin
Published: August 2015

Review: 190 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Facing and Overcoming Sensitivity Challenges in Biomolecular NMR Spectroscopy
Authors: Luchinat Claudio , et al.
Published: August 2015

Review: 216 refs.
3 D Interlayer Nanohybrids Composed of Sulfamic‐Acid‐Doped PEdot Grown on Expanded Graphite for High‐Performance Supercapacitors
Authors: Kan Kan , Wang Lei , Yu Peng , Zhou Wei , Wang Ruihong , Lin Yufei , Shi Keying , Fu Honggang
Published: August 2015

Sulfamic acid (SFA)‐doped poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEdot) grown on expanded graphite (EG) nanohybrids (S‐PEdot/EG) were synthesized by surfactant‐free in situ chemical oxidative polymerization. The 3D hierarchical structure S‐PEdot/EG with homogenous ridgelike surface morphology was achieved by intercalating 3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene monomers between the interlayers of EG using a vacuum‐assisted method. The composition of the nanohybrids and the π–π interaction between the EG and PEdot molecules were characterized by using Raman spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The nanohybrid with an EG content of 10 % exhibited excellent capacitive performance with a high capacitance of 139.6 F g−1 at 1.0 A g−1 in 1 m LiClO4 electrolyte. In the two‐electrode symmetric supercapacitors, the device performed with a high energy density of 6.83 W h kg−1 at the power density of 146 W kg−1, and retained high stability during the charge–discharge process. The excellent performance can be attributed to the 3D hierarchical structure, the π–π interaction between EG and PEdot molecules, and the doped SFA as an immobilized counter‐ion. This cost‐effective and simple method used to fabricate 3D S‐PEdot/EG nanohybrids is promising for the generation of electrode materials for high‐performance supercapacitors.
Strain inhomogeneities in epitaxial BaFe2As2 thin films
Authors: Chekhonin Paul , Engelmann Jan , Langer Marco , Oertel Carl‐Georg , Holzapfel Bernhard , Skrotzki Werner
Published: August 2015

Epitaxial BaFe2As2 thin films grown by pulsed laser deposition on spinel substrates with a thin iron buffer layer show strain‐induced superconductivity. Using high resolution electron backscatter diffraction in a scanning electron microscope very small orientation changes (≤ 0.2°) of the lattice and strain inhomogeneities on a length scale of few 100 nm or less were measured. Furthermore, partially strain relaxed areas were revealed. It was found, that the quality of the BaFe2As2 thin films crucially depends on the iron buffer layer.
Organic Charge Carriers for Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Völker Sebastian F. , Collavini Silvia , Delgado Juan Luis
Published: August 2015

The photovoltaic field is currently experiencing the “perovskite revolution”. These materials have been known for decades, but only recently have they been applied in solid‐state solar cells to obtain outstanding power conversion efficiencies. Given that the variety of perovskites used so far is limited, a lot of attention has been devoted to the development of suitable organic charge‐transport materials to improve device performance. In this article, we will focus on the most promising materials able to transport electrons or holes from a structural point of view. Thereby, we focus on organic materials owing to their ease of preparation and manipulation, and this is nicely combined with the potential tuning of their properties through chemical synthesis.
The Role of MicroRNAs in the Chemoresistance of Breast Cancer
Authors: Wang Jing , Yang Muyi , Li Yu , Han Bo
Published: August 2015

Preclinical Research

Breast cancer is the most prevalent malignancy in women with more than 1.3 million new cases every year worldwide. Chemotherapy is a critical therapeutic strategy for breast cancer, while chemoresistance remains a major obstacle to treatment success. In the past two decades, significant progress has been achieved in understanding drug resistance in breast cancer, involving drug efflux, alterations in DNA repair pathways, suppression of apoptosis as well as epithelial‐mesenchymal transition, and cancer stem cells. However, more effective therapeutic targets and novel biomarkers are still urgently needed to improve the overall survival and refine the therapeutic strategy for breast cancer patients. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play crucial roles in cellular processes, such as cell differentiation, proliferation, and apoptosis. The recent discovery of miRNAs in malignancy has provided new directions for research on mechanisms underlying response to chemotherapy. Furthermore, several studies have documented that selected miRNAs, such as miR‐200c and miR‐34a, may influence response to chemotherapy in several tumor types, including breast cancer. The use of miRNAs as therapeutic targets to overcome chemoresistance is currently under investigation. In this review, we summarize the roles of miRNAs in chemoresistance through multiple molecular mechanisms, and highlight the potential diagnostic and therapeutic applications of miRNAs in overcoming breast cancer chemoresistance. Drug Dev Res 76 : 368–374, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Restrictive eating in anorexia nervosa: Examining maintenance and consequences in the natural environment
Authors: Fitzsimmons‐Craft Ellen E. , Accurso Erin C. , Ciao Anna C. , Crosby Ross D. , Cao Li , Pisetsky Emily M. , Le Grange Daniel , Peterson Carol B. , Crow Scott J. , Engel Scott G. , Mitchell James E. , Wonderlich Stephen A.
Published: August 2015

Objective

This study examined negative and positive affect in relation to restrictive eating episodes (i.e., meals/snacks perceived as restrictive) and whether restrictive eating was associated with likelihood of subsequent eating disorder behaviors (i.e., additional restrictive eating, binge eating, vomiting, laxative use, weighing, exercising, meal skipping, drinking fluids to curb appetite, body checking).

Method

Women with anorexia nervosa (N = 118) completed a 2‐week ecological momentary assessment protocol.

Results

For both restrictive and nonrestrictive eating, negative affect significantly increased from prebehavior to the time of the behavior but remained stable thereafter, while positive affect remained stable from prebehavior to the time of the behavior but decreased significantly thereafter. Across time, negative affect was significantly lower and positive affect was significantly greater in restrictive than nonrestrictive episodes. Engagement in restrictive eating was associated with an increased likelihood of subsequent restrictive eating, laxative use, and body checking, but not other behaviors. Engagement in nonrestrictive eating was associated with a decreased likelihood of subsequent restrictive eating, binge eating, vomiting, laxative use, weighing, meal skipping, drinking fluids to curb appetite, and body checking.

Discussion

Despite similar patterns of affect across eating episodes over time, results suggest affect may be involved in the maintenance of restrictive eating in anorexia nervosa since restrictive episodes were associated with lower negative and greater positive affect across time compared to nonrestrictive episodes. Further, while restrictive episodes increased the likelihood of only three subsequent eating disorder behaviors, nonrestrictive episodes were protective since they decreased likelihood of all but one behavior. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc (Int J Eat Disord 2015; 48:923–931).
Oxidative stress and antioxidant levels in patients with anorexia nervosa: A systematic review and exploratory meta‐analysis
Authors: Solmi Marco , Veronese Nicola , Manzato Enzo , Sergi Giuseppe , Favaro Angela , Santonastaso Paolo , Correll Christoph U.
Published: August 2015

Objective

To systematically review and meta‐analyze oxidative stress and antioxidant markers in anorexia nervosa (AN).

Methods

Electronic PubMed search from database inception until 12/31/2013. Out of 1062 hits, 29 studies comparing oxidative stress/antioxidant markers between patients with AN and healthy controls (HCs) with a total of 1,729 participants (AN = 895, HCs = 834) were eligible. Data about oxidative stress and antioxidant markers, independent of their source, were extracted. We calculated random effects standardized mean differences (SMDs) as effect size measures for outcomes reported in ≥5 studies; others were summarized descriptively.

Results

Compared to HCs, AN patients showed significantly higher apolipoprotein B (ApoB) levels (studies = 7; n = 551; SMD = 0.75; p = .0003, I2 = 74%), with higher age being associated with higher ApoB (Coefficient: 0.61 ± 0.15, p < .0001), whereas BMI (p = .15) and measurement method (p = .70) did not moderate the results. Serum albumin levels were similar between AN and HCs (studies = 13; n = 509; SMD =−0.19; 95%CI: −0.62 to 0.24; p = .38; I2 = 81%), with neither age (p = .84) nor BMI (p = .52) being significant moderators. Lower superoxide dismutase levels were reported in 2 studies, while findings for vitamin A and its metabolites were inconclusive. In single studies, patients with AN had significantly higher catalase and nitric oxide (NO) parameter levels (platelet NO, exhaled NO and nitrites), such as lower glutathione and free cysteine levels, compared to HCs.

Discussion

AN appears to be associated with some markers of increased oxidative stress. Additional research is needed to discern whether oxidative stress is a potential cause or effect of AN, and whether treatments improving oxidative stress could be useful in AN. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. (Int J Eat Disord 2015; 48:826–841).
Beyond Natural Limitations: Long‐Range Influence of Non‐Natural Flexible and Rigid β‐Turn Mimetics in a Native β‐Hairpin Motif
Authors: Körling Matthias , Geyer Armin
Published: August 2015

β‐Turns mediate diverse protein recognition processes, although dihedral angle preferences of canonical amino acids limit accessible β‐turn geometries. Organic synthesis can go beyond these limitations and either increase the mobility of a β‐turn or constrain it inside a bicyclic ring. Nine β‐turn dipeptides are studied here in the isolated β‐hairpin of the miniprotein Foldon, which is only moderately structured in the absence of the native protein environment. The dipeptide mimetics, which vary the backbone flexibility from linear alkyl chains to bicyclic dipeptides (Hot=Tap), are ranked against each other with regard to their hairpin‐stabilizing capacities. NMR‐derived parameters and melting temperatures correlate the backbone rigidity of the β‐turns with the hairpin population. In contrast to the general expectation, highly populated hairpins are not only observed for rigid dipeptides, but also for selected flexible amino acids in the i + 1 and i + 2 positions of the β‐turn.
Are there different predictors of analgesic response between antidepressants and anticonvulsants in painful diabetic neuropathy?
Authors: Marchettini P. , Wilhelm S. , Petto H. , Tesfaye S. , Tölle T. , Bouhassira D. , Freynhagen R. , Cruccu G. , Lledó A. , Choy E. , Kosek E. , Micó J.A. , Späth M. , Skljarevski V. , Lenox‐Smith A. , Perrot S.
Published: August 2015

Background

To investigate baseline demographics and disease characteristics as predictors of the analgesic effect of duloxetine and pregabalin on diabetic peripheral neuropathic pain (DPNP).

Methods

Based on data from the COMBO‐DN study, a multinational clinical trial in DPNP, the potential impact of baseline characteristics on pain relief after 8‐week monotherapy with 60 mg/day duloxetine or 300 mg/day pregabalin was assessed using analyses of covariance. Subgroups of interest were characterized regarding their baseline characteristics and efficacy outcomes.

Results

A total of 804 patients were evaluated at baseline. A significant interaction with treatment was observed in the mood symptom subgroups with a larger pain reduction in duloxetine‐treated patients having no mood symptoms [Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) depression or anxiety subscale score <11; −2.33 (duloxetine); −1.52 (pregabalin); p = 0.024]. There were no significant interactions between treatment for subgroups by age (<65 or ≥65 years), gender, baseline pain severity [Brief Pain Inventory Modified Short Form (BPI‐MSF) average pain <6 or ≥6], diabetic neuropathy duration (≤2 or >2 years), baseline haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) (<8% or ≥8%), presence of comorbidities and concomitant medication use.

Conclusions

Our analyses suggest that the efficacy of duloxetine and pregabalin for initial 8‐week treatment in DPNP was consistent across examined subgroups based on demographics and disease characteristics at baseline except for the presence of mood symptoms. Duloxetine treatment appeared to be particularly beneficial in DPNP patients having no mood symptoms.
Micellar electrokinetic chromatography with short‐end injection for rapid separation and simultaneous determination of aesculin, aesculetin, and phenylephrine in pharmaceutical preparations
Authors: Pincová Lucie , Petrů Klára , Pospíšilová Marie , Polášek Miroslav
Published: August 2015

A fast micellar electrokinetic chromatography (MEKC) method for simultaneous assay of aesculin, aesculetin, and phenylephrine was developed and validated. The separation was carried out in a fused‐silica capillary (50 μm id, total length 64.5 cm, effective length 8.5 cm) with UV detection at 210 nm, temperature 25°C and separation voltage –25 kV. The samples were loaded hydrodynamically at a pressure of –50 mbar for 6 s. The background electrolyte of pH 8.6 contained 20 mM boric acid, 60 mM SDS, and 5% (v/v) of methanol. The calibration curves were linear in the range 10−500 μg/mL for aesculin and aesculetin and 12.5–625 μg/mL for phenylephrine. The RSD values of corrected peak areas were 0.6−1.2% (n = 6) when determining 0.2 mg/mL of aesculin and aesculetin and 0.25 mg/mL of phenylephrine in prepared standard mixtures. The method was successfully applied to the assay of aesculin and phenylephrine in a pharmaceutical preparation (RSD  =  1.9−2.0%; n  =  3) and the robustness of the method for both, the determination of analytes and the system suitability test parameter values, was evaluated with the use of Plackett‐Burman design.
Adhesion of MRC‐5 and A549 cells on poly(dimethylsiloxane) surface modified by proteins
Authors: Zuchowska Agnieszka , Kwiatkowski Piotr , Jastrzebska Elzbieta , Chudy Michal , Dybko Artur , Brzozka Zbigniew
Published: August 2015

PDMS is a very popular material used for fabrication of Lab‐on‐a‐Chip systems for biological applications. Although PDMS has numerous advantages, it is a highly hydrophobic material, which inhibits adhesion and proliferation of the cells. PDMS surface modifications are used to enrich growth of the cells. However, due to the fact that each cell type has specific adhesion, it is necessary to optimize the parameters of these modifications. In this paper, we present an investigation of normal (MRC‐5) and carcinoma (A549) human lung cell adhesion and proliferation on modified PDMS surfaces. We have chosen these cell types because often they are used as models for basic cancer research. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first presentation of this type of investigation. The combination of a gas‐phase processing (oxygen plasma or ultraviolet irradiation) and wet chemical methods based on proteins' adsorption was used in our experiments. Different proteins such as poly‐l‐lysine, fibronectin, laminin, gelatin, and collagen were incubated with the activated PDMS samples. To compare with other works, here, we also examined how ratio of prepolymer to curing agent (5:1, 10:1, and 20:1) influences PDMS hydrophilicity during further modifications. The highest adhesion of the tested cells was observed for the usage of collagen, regardless of PDMS ratio. However, the MRC‐5 cell line demonstrated better adhesion than A549 cells. This is probably due to the difference in their morphology and type (normal/cancer).
Process analytical technology tools for perfusion cell culture
Authors: Mercier Sarah M. , Rouel Perrine M. , Lebrun Pierre , Diepenbroek Bas , Wijffels René H. , Streefland Mathieu
Published: August 2015

During cell cultivation processes for the production of biopharmaceuticals, good process performance and good product quality can be ensured by online monitoring of critical process parameters (e.g. temperature, pH, or dissolved oxygen). These data can be used in real‐time for process control, as suggested by the process analytical technology (PAT) initiative. Today, solutions for real‐time monitoring of parameters such as concentrations of cells, main nutrients, and metabolism by‐products are developing, but applications of these more complex tools in industrial settings are still limited. Here, we evaluated the use of dielectric spectroscopy (DS) and near‐infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) as PAT tools for a perfusion PER.C6® cultivation process. We showed that DS enabled predictions of viable cell density from the cultivation vessel, with a root mean square error of prediction (RMSEP) of 4.4% of the calibration range. Additionally, predictions of glucose and lactate concentrations from the cultivation vessel (RMSEP of 10 and 14%, respectively) and from the perfusion stream (RMSEP of 12 and 10%, respectively) were achieved with NIRS. We also showed that the perfusion stream offers great opportunities for noninvasive, yet frequent process monitoring. Accurate online monitoring of critical process parameters with PAT tools is the essential first step toward increased control of process output.
Growth and reproductive effects from dietary exposure to Aroclor 1268 in mink (Neovison vison), a surrogate model for marine mammals
Authors: Folland William R. , Newsted John L. , Fitzgerald Scott D. , Fuchsman Phyllis C. , Bradley Patrick W. , Kern John , Kannan Kurunthachalam , Remington Richard E. , Zwiernik Matthew J.
Published: August 2015

Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) from the commercial mixture Aroclor 1268 were historically released into the Turtle-Brunswick River estuary (southeastern Georgia, USA) from industrial operations. Sum PCBs (ΣPCBs) in blubber samples from Turtle-Brunswick River estuary bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) have been reported at concentrations more than 10-fold higher than those observed in dolphins from adjacent regional estuaries. Given that toxicity data specific to Aroclor 1268 and applicable to marine mammals are limited, predicting the toxic effects of Aroclor 1268 in dolphins is uncertain, particularly because of its unique congener profile and associated physiochemical characteristics compared with other PCB mixtures. American mink (Neovison vison) were chosen as a surrogate model for cetaceans to develop marine mammalian PCB toxicity benchmarks. Mink are a suitable surrogate species for cetaceans in toxicity studies because of similarities in diet and taxonomic class, and a characteristic sensitivity to PCBs provides a potential safety factor when using mink toxicology data for cross-species extrapolations. Effects of dietary exposure to Aroclor 1268 on reproduction, growth, and mortality in mink were compared with both a negative control and a positive control (3,3′,4,4′,5-pentachlorobiphenyl, PCB 126). Aroclor 1268 dietary ΣPCB concentrations ranged from 1.8 µg/g feed wet weight to 29 µg/g feed wet weight. Whelp success was unaffected by Aroclor 1268 exposure at any level. Treatment mean litter size, kit growth, and kit survival were adversely affected relative to the negative control at dietary ΣPCB concentrations of 10.6 µg/g feed wet weight and greater. Environ Toxicol Chem 2016;35:604–618. © 2015 SETAC
Geochemical control processes and potential sediment toxicity in a mine-impacted lake
Authors: Adeleke Solomon Babatunde , Svensson Bo H. , Yekta Sepehr Shakeri , Adeleye Michael Mayowa
Published: August 2015

Geochemical parameters and major ion concentrations from sediments of a freshwater lake in the town of Åtvidaberg, southeastern, Sweden, were used to identify the geochemical processes that control the water chemistry. The lake sediments are anoxic, characterized by reduced sulfur and sulfidic minerals. The hypothesis tested is that in sulfidic-anaerobic contaminated sediments, the presence of redox potential changes creates a favorable condition for sulfide oxidation, resulting in the release of potentially toxic metals. The acid volatile sulfide (AVS) contents ranged from 5.5 μmol/g to 16 μmol/g of dry sediment. Comparison of total mine tailing metals (∑mine tailing metals) with simultaneously extracted metals (SEM) in sediments indicates that up to 20% of the ∑mine tailing metals are bound to the solid phase as AVS. Consequently, the AVS and SEM analysis classified all sediment samples as potentially toxic in terms of heavy metal concentrations (i.e., SEM to AVS ratio distribution > 1). Evaluation of hydrogeochemical data suggests that calcite dissolution, iron (III) oxyhydroxysulfate mineral jarosite (H-jarosite) precipitation, hematite precipitation, and siderite precipitation are the most prevailing geochemical processes that control the geochemical interactions between the water column and sediment in a mine-impacted lake. The geochemical processes were verified and quantified using a chemical equilibrium modeling program, Visual MINTEQ, Ver 3.1, beta. The identified geochemical processes create an environment in which the characteristics of sulfate-rich waters and acidic-iron produce the geochemical conditions for acid mine drainage and mobilization of toxic metals. Environ Toxicol Chem 2016;35:563–572. © 2015 SETAC
Accurate and consistent particle tracking on unstructured grids
Authors: Ketefian G. S. , Gross E. S. , Stelling G. S.
Published: August 2015

A new numerical method for particle tracking (Lagrangian particle advection) on 2‐D unstructured grids with triangular cells is presented and tested. This method combines key attributes of published methods, including streamline closure for steady flows and local mass conservation (uniformity preservation). The subgrid‐scale velocity reconstruction is linear, and this linear velocity field is integrated analytically to obtain particle trajectories. A complete analytic solution to the 2‐D system of ordinary differential equations (ODEs) governing particle trajectories within a grid cell is provided. The analytic solution to the linear system of locally mass‐conserving constraints that must be enforced to obtain the coefficients in the ODEs is also provided. Numerical experiments are performed to demonstrate that the new method has substantial advantages in accuracy over previously published methods and that it does not suffer from unphysical particle clustering. The method can be used not only in particle‐tracking applications but also as part of a semi‐Lagrangian advection scheme.Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Physical frailty in late‐life depression is associated with deficits in speed‐dependent executive functions
Authors: Potter Guy G. , McQuoid Douglas R. , Whitson Heather E. , Steffens David C.
Published: August 2015

Objective

The aim of this study was to examine the association between physical frailty and neurocognitive performance in late‐life depression (LLD).

Methods

Cross‐sectional design using baseline data from a treatment study of late‐life depression was used in this study. Individuals aged 60 years and older were diagnosed with major depressive disorder at time of assessment (N = 173). All participants received clinical assessment of depression and completed neuropsychological testing during a depressive episode. Physical frailty was assessed using an adaptation of the FRAIL scale. Neuropsychological domains were derived from a factor analysis that yielded three factors: (i) speeded executive and fluency, (ii) episodic memory, and (iii) working memory. Associations were examined with bivariate tests and multivariate models.

Results

Depressed individuals with a FRAIL score >1 had worse performance than nonfrail depressed across all three factors; however, speeded executive and fluency was the only factor that remained significant after controlling for depression symptom severity and demographic characteristics.

Conclusions

Although physical frailty is associated with broad neurocognitive deficits in LLD, it is most robustly associated with deficits in speeded executive functions and verbal fluency. Causal inferences are limited by the cross‐sectional design, and future research would benefit from a comparison group of nondepressed older adults with similar levels of frailty. Research is needed to understand the mechanisms underlying associations among depression symptoms, physical frailty, and executive dysfunction and how they are related to the cognitive and symptomatic course of LLD.
Zwitterionic Phosphoranides as Intermediates in the Reaction of Phosphorus Tribromide with N,N‐Dimethyl‐N′‐arylformamidines
Authors: Marchenko Anatoliy P. , Koidan Georgyi N. , Hurieva Anastasia N. , Rozhenko Alexander B. , Kostyuk Aleksandr N.
Published: August 2015

Cyclic zwitterionic phosphoranides 2a,b were found to be intermediate products in the reaction of N,N‐dimethyl‐N′‐(aryl)formamidines with PBr3. The structure of phosphoranide 2a was determined by means of the X‐ray and quantum chemistry investigations. Mechanism of its formation was proposed based on Density functional theory (DFT) calculations. Reactions of 2 with amines and selenium yielded either C‐phosphorylated formamidines or benzazaphospholes. The first example of intramolecular heterocyclization of a pentavalent phosphorus derivative 15b into 3Н‐1,3‐benzazaphosphole has been demonstrated.
Dissecting the role of epidermal growth factor receptor catalytic activity during liver regeneration and hepatocarcinogenesis
Authors: López‐Luque Judit , Caballero‐Díaz Daniel , Martinez‐Palacián Adoración , Roncero César , Moreno‐Càceres Joaquim , García‐Bravo María , Grueso Esther , Fernández Almudena , Crosas‐Molist Eva , García‐Álvaro María , Addante Annalisa , Bertran Esther , Valverde Angela M. , González‐Rodríguez Águeda , Herrera Blanca , Montoliu Lluis , Serrano Teresa , Segovia Jose‐Carlos , Fernández Margarita , Ramos Emilio , Sánchez Aránzazu , Fabregat Isabel
Published: August 2015

Different data support a role for the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) pathway during liver regeneration and hepatocarcinogenesis. However, important issues, such as the precise mechanisms mediating its actions and the unique versus redundant functions, have not been fully defined. Here, we present a novel transgenic mouse model expressing a hepatocyte‐specific truncated form of human EGFR, which acts as negative dominant mutant (ΔEGFR) and allows definition of its tyrosine kinase–dependent functions. Results indicate a critical role for EGFR catalytic activity during the early stages of liver regeneration. Thus, after two‐thirds partial hepatectomy, ΔEGFR livers displayed lower and delayed proliferation and lower activation of proliferative signals, which correlated with overactivation of the transforming growth factor‐β pathway. Altered regenerative response was associated with amplification of cytostatic effects of transforming growth factor‐β through induction of cell cycle negative regulators. Interestingly, lipid synthesis was severely inhibited in ΔEGFR livers after partial hepatectomy, revealing a new function for EGFR kinase activity as a lipid metabolism regulator in regenerating hepatocytes. In spite of these profound alterations, ΔEGFR livers were able to recover liver mass by overactivating compensatory signals, such as c‐Met. Our results also indicate that EGFR catalytic activity is critical in the early preneoplastic stages of the liver because ΔEGFR mice showed a delay in the appearance of diethyl‐nitrosamine‐induced tumors, which correlated with decreased proliferation and delay in the diethyl‐nitrosamine‐induced inflammatory process. Conclusion: These studies demonstrate that EGFR catalytic activity is critical during the initial phases of both liver regeneration and carcinogenesis and provide key mechanistic insights into how this kinase acts to regulate liver pathophysiology. (Hepatology 2016;63:604–619)
Mice in an enriched environment learn more flexibly because of adult hippocampal neurogenesis
Authors: Garthe Alexander , Roeder Ingo , Kempermann Gerd
Published: August 2015

We here show that living in a stimulus‐rich environment (ENR) improves water maze learning with respect to specific key indicators that in previous loss‐of‐function experiments have been shown to rely on adult hippocampal neurogenesis. Analyzing the strategies employed by mice to locate the hidden platform in the water maze revealed that ENR facilitated task acquisition by increasing the probability to use effective search strategies. ENR also enhanced the animals’ behavioral flexibility, when the escape platform was moved to a new location. Treatment with temozolomide, which is known to reduce adult neurogenesis, abolished the effects of ENR on both acquisition and flexibility, while leaving other aspects of water maze learning untouched. These characteristic effects and interdependencies were not seen in parallel experiments with voluntary wheel running (RUN), a second pro‐neurogenic behavioral stimulus. Since the histological assessment of adult neurogenesis is by necessity an end‐point measure, the levels of neurogenesis over the course of the experiment can only be inferred and the present study focused on behavioral parameters as analytical endpoints. Although the correlation of physical activity with precursor cell proliferation and of learning and the survival of new neurons is well established, how the specific functional effects described here relate to dynamic changes in the stem cell niche remains to be addressed. Nevertheless, our findings support the hypothesis that adult neurogenesis is a critical mechanism underlying the beneficial effects of leading an active live, rich in experiences. © 2015 The Authors Hippocampus Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.