bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Recreational walking and perceived environmental qualities: a national map-based survey in Denmark
Authors: Christiansen Lars Breum , Klein-Wengel Trine Top , Koch Sofie , Høyer-Kruse Jens , Schipperijn Jasper
Published: September 2023

Background

The aim of the study is to explore the diversity in recreational walking motives across groups with different sociodemographic characteristics, and to use a dynamic and person-centered approach to geographically assess recreational walking behavior, and preferences for place quality related to recreational walking.

Methods

A total of 1838 adult respondents (age 15–90 years), who engage in recreational walking, participated in the map-based survey. We used the online platform Maptionnaire to collect georeferenced information on the respondents’ home location, other start locations for walking trips, and point of interest on their trips. Distance between home location and other start locations as well as point of interest were computed using a Geographic Information System (GIS). Additional information on recreational walking behavior and motives were collected using the traditional questionnaire function in Maptionnaire.

Results

The most prevalent motives for walking were mental well-being and physical health, together with enjoyment and experiences related to walking. Having a tertiary education was positively associated with mental well-being motive, experiences, and taking the dog and the children outside. Income was also positively associated with experiences and walking the dog together with enjoyment of walking and spending time with others. Using the map-based approach, we found that recreational walking often starts at a location away from home and is not limited to the nearest neighborhood. A total of 4598 points of interest were mapped, and the most frequently reported place qualities were greenery, water, wildlife, good views, and tranquility.

Conclusion

We used a dynamic and person-centered approach and thereby giving the respondents the opportunity to point to relevant locations for their walking behavior independently of their residential neighborhood. Recreational walking often starts away from home or is not limit to the nearest neighborhod. The median distance from home to the mapped points of interests was between 1.0 and 1.6 km for home-based trips and between 9.4 and 30.6 km for trips with other start locations. The most popular place quality related to the mapped points were greenery, water, wildlife, good views, and tranquility.
A structural equation modeling approach to investigate HIV testing willingness for men who have sex with men in China
Authors: Jiang Han , He Wei , Pan Haiying , Zhong Xiaoni
Published: September 2023

Background

A substantial risk of contracting Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) exists among men who have sex with men (MSM), and HIV infection rates have been rising. This study aimed to analyze the factors influencing the Chinese MSM population’s intention to test for HIV.

Methods

Nonprobability sampling techniques were employed in June 2022 to recruit MSM in Chongqing and Sichuan, China. The data were analyzed using structural equation modeling (SEM), which is based on the knowledge-attitude-behavior (KAB) theory.

Results

Among 1687 participants, 964 (57.1%) of the MSM were willing to have an HIV test. The results of the structural equation modeling (SEM) showed that knowledge, attitude, and behavior all influenced the testing intention, with attitude having the greatest impact (total effect of 0.22).

Conclusion

HIV testing needs to be increased among MSM as they exhibit a moderate willingness to test. Improving education on HIV knowledge and risk behavior might enhance the willingness of MSM to test for HIV in China.
Soluble factors in COVID-19 mRNA vaccine-induced myocarditis causes cardiomyoblast hypertrophy and cell injury: a case report
Authors: Paredes-Vazquez Jose Gildardo , Rubio-Infante Nestor , Lopez-de la Garza Hector , Brunck Marion E. G. , Guajardo-Lozano Jaime Alberto , Ramos Martin R. , Vazquez-Garza Eduardo , Torre-Amione Guillermo , Garcia-Rivas Gerardo , Jerjes-Sanchez Carlos
Published: September 2023

Background

Inflammation affecting the heart and surrounding tissues is a clinical condition recently reported following COVID-19 mRNA vaccination. Assessing trends of these events related to immunization will improve vaccine safety surveillance and best practices for forthcoming vaccine campaigns. However, the causality is unknown, and the mechanisms associated with cardiac myocarditis are not understood.

Case presentation

After the first dose, we reported an mRNA vaccine-induced perimyocarditis in a young patient with a history of recurrent myocardial inflammation episodes and progressive loss of cardiac performance. We tested this possible inflammatory cytokine-mediated cardiotoxicity after vaccination in the acute phase (ten days), and we found a significant elevation of MCP-1, IL-18, and IL-8 inflammatory mediators. Still, these cytokines decreased considerably at the recovery phase (42 days later). We used the cardiomyoblasts cell line to test the effect of serum on cell viability, observing that serum from the acute phase reduced the cell viability to 75%. We did not detect this toxicity in cells when we tested serum from the patient in the recovery phase. We also tested serum-induced hypertrophy, a phenomenon in myocarditis and heart failure. We found that acute phase-serum has hypertrophy effects, increasing 25% of the treated cardiac cells’ surface and significantly increasing B-type natriuretic peptide. However, we did not observe the hypertrophic effect in the recovery phase or sera from healthy controls.

Conclusion

Our results opened the possibility of the inflammatory cytokines or serum soluble mediators as key factors for vaccine-associated myocarditis. In this regard, identifying anti-inflammatory molecules that reduce inflammatory cytokines could help avoid vaccine-induced myocardial inflammation.
Dengue virus 3 genotype I (GI) lineage 1 (L1) isolates elicit differential cytopathic effect with syncytium formation in human glioblastoma cells (U251)
Authors: de Souza Andrade Adriana , Oliveira Campos Sofia , Dias Jamile , Campos Marco Antônio , Kroon Erna Geessien
Published: September 2023

Background

Dengue virus (DENV) is a Flaviviridae member classified into four antigenically distinct serotypes (DENV 1, 2, 3, and 4) and further subdivided genotypes. DENV3 is subdivided into four or five genotypes, depending on the classification adopted. Despite their high genetic proximity, as revealed by phylogenetic complete polyprotein analysis, DENV3 MG-20 and DENV3 PV_BR showed different neurovirulence in mice models. Our group identified six amino acid mutations in protein E, including the E62K and E123Q, which may affect interactions of hydrophobic clusters on domain II, thus leading to the observed differences in the studied viruses.

Methods

Human glioblastoma cells (U251) derived from a malignant glioblastoma tumor by explant technique were infected by the DENV3 GIL1 isolates DENV3 MG-20 and DENV3 PV_BR and analyzed by plaque assays and titration, optical, immunofluorescence, and transmission electronic microscopy.

Results

The two isolates showed different cytopathic effects (CPE) and fusogenic patterns, further confirmed by indirect immunofluorescence. Transmission electron microscopy revealed intense cytopathic effects in DENV3 MG-20 infected U251 cells, displaying endoplasmic reticulum hypertrophy and turgid vesicles with proteins and multiple viruses, distinct from DENV3 PV_BR infected cells. It is hypothesized that the different amino acids in the DENV3 MG-20 isolate are related to an increased membrane fusion ability in viral infection, thus facilitating immune system evasion and increased chances of central nervous system cell infection.

Conclusion

These results emphasize the biological differences between the isolates, which could be a critical factor in host-virus interaction and severe dengue development. Our study presents comparative results of highly similar isolates with the potential to generate more subsidies for a deeper understanding of the DENV pathogenesis. The neurotropism of the isolate DENV3 MG-20 (belonging to the DENV3 GI L1 genotype) showing infection of nervous system cells (U251) could contribute to understanding neurological dengue disease.
Molecular epidemiology and clinical characteristics of enteroviruses associated HFMD in Chengdu, China, 2013–2022
Authors: Yang Qiuxia , Liu Fang , Chang Li , Lai Shuyu , Teng Jie , Duan Jiaxin , Jian Hui , Liu Ting , Che Guanglu
Published: September 2023

Objectives

This study aims to investigate molecular epidemiology and clinical characteristics of enterovirus associated hand-foot-mouth disease (HFMD) in Chengdu, China, 2013–2022. Monitoring the molecular epidemiology and clinical features of HFMD for up to 10 years may provide some ideas for future protection and control measures.

Methods

We conducted a retrospective analysis of the medical records of all patients with laboratory-confirmed HFMD-related enterovirus infection at the West China Second University Hospital from January 2013 to December 2022. We described the characteristics in serotype, age, sex distribution and hospitalization of enterovirus infection cases using data analysis and graphic description.

Results

A total of 29,861 laboratory-confirmed cases of HFMD-related enterovirus infection were reported from 2013 to 2022. There was a significant reduction in the number and proportion of EV-A71 cases after 2016, from 1713 cases (13.60%) in 2013–2015 to 150 cases (1.83%) in 2017–2019. During the COVID-19 pandemic, EV-A71 cases even disappeared. The proportion of CV-A16 cases decreased from 13.96% in 2013–2015 to 10.84% in 2017–2019 and then to 4.54% in 2020–2022. Other (non-EV-A71 and non-CV-A16) serotypes accounted for 95.45% during 2020–2022, with CV-A6 accounting for 50.39% and CV-A10 accounting for 10.81%. Thus, CV-A6 and CV-A10 became the main prevalent serotypes. Furthermore, There was no significant difference in the enterovirus prevalence rate between males and females. The hospitalization rate of EV-A71 patients was higher that of other serotypes. In general, the proportion of HFMD hospitalizations caused by other pathogens except for EV-A71, CV-A16, CV-A10 and CV-A16 was second only to that caused by EV-A71. The proportion of children over 4 years old infected with enterovirus increased.

Conclusion

The incidence of HFMD associated with enterovirus infection has decreased significantly and CV-A6 has been the main pathogen of HFMD in Chengdu area in recent years. The potential for additional hospitalizations for other untested enterovirus serotypes suggested that attention should also be paid to the harms of infections with unknown enterovirus serotypes. Children with HFMD were older. The development of new diagnostic reagents and vaccines may play an important role in the prevention and control of enterovirus infection.
Eimeria zuernii (Eimeriidae: Coccidia): mitochondrial genome and genetic diversity in the Chinese yak
Authors: Zhou Xuan , Wang Zhao , Zhu Pengchen , Gu Xiaobin , He Ran , Xu Jing , Jing Bo , Wang Lidan , Chen Shun , Xie Yue
Published: September 2023

Background

Coccidiosis caused by Eimeria zuernii (Eimeriidae: Coccidia) represents a significant economic threat to the bovine industry. Understanding the evolutionary and genetic biology of E. zuernii can assist in new interaction developments for the prevention and control of this protozoosis.

Methods

We defined the evolutionary and genetic characteristics of E. zuernii by sequencing the complete mitogenome and analyzing the genetic diversity and population structure of 51 isolates collected from eight yak breeding parks in China.

Results

The 6176-bp mitogenome of E. zuernii was linear and encoded typical mitochondrial contents of apicomplexan parasites, including three protein-coding genes [PCGs; cytochrome c oxidase subunits I and III (cox1 and cox3), and cytochrome b (cytb)], seven fragmented small subunit (SSU) and 12 fragmented large subunit (LSU) rRNAs. Genome-wide comparative and evolutionary analyses showed cytb and cox3 to be the most and least conserved Eimeria PCGs, respectively, and placed E. zuernii more closely related to Eimeria mephitidis than other Eimeria species. Furthermore, cox1-based genetic structure defined 24 haplotypes of E. zuernii with high haplotype diversities and low nucleotide diversities across eight geographic populations, supporting a low genetic structure and rapid evolutionary rate as well as a previous expansion event among E. zuernii populations.

Conclusions

To our knowledge, this is the first study presenting the phylogeny, genetic diversity, and population structure of the yak E. zuernii, and such information, together with its mitogenomic data, should contribute to a better understanding of the genetic and evolutionary biological studies of apicomplexan parasites in bovines.

Graphical Abstract
Cancer of unknown primary eventually diagnosed as poorly differentiated prostate cancer: a case report
Authors: Iijima Kazutaka , Takayama Toshizo , Shindo Satoko , Moku Rika , Sawai Koya , Honma Rio , Hyakushima Naoki , Akino Tomoshige , Oyamada Yumiko , Tsuji Yasushi
Published: September 2023

Background

Prostate cancer has been well known to have a high prevalence among middle-aged and older men, with high incidence of metastases to the bone—the main metastatic site. However, prostate cancer among those less than 50 years of age is extremely rare, and neck swelling is seldom the initial symptom.

Case presentation

We herein report case of a 47-year-old Japanese male with poorly differentiated prostate cancer that had been initially diagnosed as a cancer of unknown primary with multiple lymph node and bone metastases before reaching a definitive diagnosis. The patient has been started on endocrine therapy and is currently alive without progression.

Discussion and conclusion

When locating the primary lesion in men with cancer of unknown primary, it is important to consider the possibility of prostate cancer, confirm serum prostate-specific antigen levels, and perform local prostate evaluation.
Genetic dissection and genomic prediction for pork cuts and carcass morphology traits in pig
Authors: Xie Lei , Qin Jiangtao , Rao Lin , Cui Dengshuai , Tang Xi , Chen Liqing , Xiao Shijun , Zhang Zhiyan , Huang Lusheng
Published: September 2023

Background

As pre-cut and pre-packaged chilled meat becomes increasingly popular, integrating the carcass-cutting process into the pig industry chain has become a trend. Identifying quantitative trait loci (QTLs) of pork cuts would facilitate the selection of pigs with a higher overall value. However, previous studies solely focused on evaluating the phenotypic and genetic parameters of pork cuts, neglecting the investigation of QTLs influencing these traits. This study involved 17 pork cuts and 12 morphology traits from 2,012 pigs across four populations genotyped using CC1 PorcineSNP50 BeadChips. Our aim was to identify QTLs and evaluate the accuracy of genomic estimated breed values (GEBVs) for pork cuts.

Results

We identified 14 QTLs and 112 QTLs for 17 pork cuts by GWAS using haplotype and imputation genotypes, respectively. Specifically, we found that HMGA1, VRTN and BMP2 were associated with body length and weight. Subsequent analysis revealed that HMGA1 primarily affects the size of fore leg bones, VRTN primarily affects the number of vertebrates, and BMP2 primarily affects the length of vertebrae and the size of hind leg bones. The prediction accuracy was defined as the correlation between the adjusted phenotype and GEBVs in the validation population, divided by the square root of the trait's heritability. The prediction accuracy of GEBVs for pork cuts varied from 0.342 to 0.693. Notably, ribs, boneless picnic shoulder, tenderloin, hind leg bones, and scapula bones exhibited prediction accuracies exceeding 0.600. Employing better models, increasing marker density through genotype imputation, and pre-selecting markers significantly improved the prediction accuracy of GEBVs.

Conclusions

We performed the first study to dissect the genetic mechanism of pork cuts and identified a large number of significant QTLs and potential candidate genes. These findings carry significant implications for the breeding of pork cuts through marker-assisted and genomic selection. Additionally, we have constructed the first reference populations for genomic selection of pork cuts in pigs.
Scientific and technical analysis of lead-barium glaze dragonfly eye beads from the Late Warring States period in China
Authors: Yan Haihong , Sun Feng , Zhang Yuyao
Published: September 2023

This paper analyzed five dragonfly eye beads excavated from M176 of the Hejia Cemetery in the Late Warring States period (around 3rd c. BC) by using a super depth of field 3D microscope system (OM), scanning electron microscope-energy dispersive spectrum (SEM–EDS) and Raman spectroscopy. The analytical results confirmed that all the beads were glazed pottery and the glaze material belongs to the lead-barium-silicate (PbO-BaO-SiO2) system. The color component of the glaze is Chinese Blue (BaCuSi4O10). Three beads, M176-2, M176-3, and M176-4, were formed with an inner core support and were made in the same batch. Additionally, two weathering products, CuPb4(SO4)2(OH)6 and PbCO3, were detected on the glaze layer surface. The results of scientific and technological analysis show that these beads have differences in the composition of the body and glaze, and the color composition in the glaze layer is relatively rare in previous studies. The discovery of lead-barium glazed pottery beads from the Late Warring States period in northern China provides new evidence for further exploration into the origins and evolution of early glazed pottery. The identification of weathering products formed on the beads’ surface within an alkaline burial environment holds valuable implications for the study of weathering and deterioration in silicate artifacts.
Stabilization of expansive soil with agricultural waste additives: a review
Authors: Gidebo Frehaileab Admasu , Yasuhara Hideaki , Kinoshita Naoki
Published: September 2023

Soil is one of the most important construction materials in the world. It has been effectively exploited for various purposes, such as building social infrastructures, growing agricultural products, and promoting many other important activities that can be useful for human life. The nature of the soil is uncertain from one place to another due to its physical, chemical, and mechanical properties. The expansive type of soil is the most problematic soil and causes damage to the foundations of roads and buildings. On the other hand, solid agricultural waste is widely available and is also a serious problem for the environment and its ecosystem. Therefore, improving the property of problematic soil by using sustainable, locally available, and low-cost agricultural waste materials is required. This paper aims to review the existing knowledge and practices from the recently published state-of-the-art journals related to expansive soil stabilization by agricultural waste additives and to support the findings with scientific data analysis. The effect of using agricultural waste additives such as coffee husk, rice husk, sawdust, wheat straw, cornhusk, sugarcane bagasse, and bamboo powder was carefully evaluated in terms of geotechnical characteristics, and strength parameters. As a result of the review, agricultural waste additives improved California Bearing Ratio (CBR), Plastic Index (PI), and Unconfined Compressive Strength (UCS) values, significantly lowered Optimum Moisture Content (OMC) and increased the Maximum Dry Density (MDD) of the soil. Furthermore, the effects of microstructural composition, morphology, and changes in expansive soils treated with agricultural waste additives were analyzed based on the XRD test results and SEM image analysis.
A multilevel analysis of factors influencing teenagers’ identification with Europe: the effects of migration and learning opportunities
Authors: Matafora Beatriz , Ziemes Johanna Fee , Abs Hermann J.
Published: September 2023

The European Union (EU) faces challenges that affect its persistence, including the revival of national populism in many EU member states. Studies have shown that individuals with immigration histories identify less strongly with Europe than individuals without immigration histories. Therefore, fostering a strong identification with Europe is more relevant than ever. This paper will explore the possible historical roots of different levels of identification and examine if differing access to learning opportunities can explain the difference. Drawing on data from the German sample of the International Civic and Citizenship Study 2016, this paper aims to determine the relevance of individual variables and learning opportunities for the development of students’ identification with Europe. Multilevel analyses at individual and classroom level were conducted introducing different independent variables. Results show that having no immigration history from outside the EU, being Christian or atheist, and learning about Europe at school are predictors of a stronger level of identification with Europe. The effect of having an immigration history from outside the EU loses significance when socio-economic status classroom composition is entered into the model. We conclude that differences in identification are not due to different access to learning opportunities, but likely due to personal characteristics.
Acceptance of artificial intelligence among pre-service teachers: a multigroup analysis
Authors: Zhang Chengming , Schießl Jessica , Plößl Lea , Hofmann Florian , Gläser-Zikuda Michaela
Published: September 2023

Over the past few years, there has been a significant increase in the utilization of artificial intelligence (AI)-based educational applications in education. As pre-service teachers’ attitudes towards educational technology that utilizes AI have a potential impact on the learning outcomes of their future students, it is essential to know more about pre-service teachers’ acceptance of AI. The aims of this study are (1) to discover what factors determine pre-service teachers’ intentions to utilize AI-based educational applications and (2) to determine whether gender differences exist within determinants that affect those behavioral intentions. A sample of 452 pre-service teachers (325 female) participated in a survey at one German university. Based on a prominent technology acceptance model, structural equation modeling, measurement invariance, and multigroup analysis were carried out. The results demonstrated that eight out of nine hypotheses were supported; perceived ease of use (β = 0.297***) and perceived usefulness (β = 0.501***) were identified as primary factors predicting pre-service teachers’ intention to use AI. Furthermore, the latent mean differences results indicated that two constructs, AI anxiety (z = − 3.217**) and perceived enjoyment (z = 2.556*), were significantly different by gender. In addition, it is noteworthy that the paths from AI anxiety to perceived ease of use (p = 0.018*) and from perceived ease of use to perceived usefulness (p = 0.002**) are moderated by gender. This study confirms the determinants influencing the behavioral intention based on the Technology Acceptance Model 3 of German pre-service teachers to use AI-based applications in education. Furthermore, the results demonstrate how essential it is to address gender-specific aspects in teacher education because there is a high percentage of female pre-service teachers, in general. This study contributes to state of the art in AI-powered education and teacher education.
Lung CT stabilization with high-frequency non-invasive ventilation (HF-NIV) and breath-hold (BH) in lung nodule assessment by PET/CT
Authors: Jreige Mario , Darçot Emeline , Lovis Alban , Simons Julien , Nicod-Lalonde Marie , Schaefer Niklaus , Buela Flore , Long Olivier , Beigelman-Aubry Catherine , Prior John O.
Published: September 2023

Purpose

To evaluate the effect of lung stabilization using high-frequency non-invasive ventilation (HF-NIV) and breath-hold (BH) techniques on lung nodule detection and texture assessment in PET/CT compared to a free-breathing (FB) standard lung CT acquisition in PET/CT.

Materials and methods

Six patients aged 65 ± 7 years, addressed for initial assessment of at least one suspicious lung nodule with 18F-FDG PET/CT, underwent three consecutive lung PET/CT acquisitions with FB, HF-NIV and BH. Lung nodules were assessed on all three CT acquisitions of the PET/CT and characterized for any size, volume and solid/sub-solid nature.

Results

BH detected a significantly higher number of nodules (n = 422) compared to HF-NIV (n = 368) and FB (n = 191) (p < 0.001). The mean nodule size (mm) was 2.4 ± 2.1, 2.6 ± 1.9 and 3.2 ± 2.4 in BH, HF-NIV and FB, respectively, for long axis and 1.5 ± 1.3, 1.6 ± 1.2 and 2.1 ± 1.7 in BH, HF-NIV and FB, respectively, for short axis. Long- and short-axis diameters were significantly different between BH and FB (p < 0.001) and between HF-NIV and FB (p < 0.001 and p = 0.008), but not between BH and HF-NIV. A trend for higher volume was shown in FB compared to BH (p = 0.055) and HF-NIV (p = 0.068) without significant difference between BH and HF-NIV (p = 1). We found a significant difference in detectability of sub-solid nodules between the three acquisitions, with BH showing a higher number of sub-solid nodules (n = 128) compared to HF-NIV (n = 72) and FB (n = 44) (p = 0.002).

Conclusion

We observed a higher detection rate of pulmonary nodules on CT under BH or HF-NIV conditions applied to PET/CT than with FB. BH and HF-NIV demonstrated comparable texture assessment and performed better than FB in assessing size and volume. BH showed a better performance for detecting sub-solid nodules compared to HF-NIV and FB. The addition of BH or HF-NIV to PET/CT can help improve the detection and texture characterization of lung nodules by CT, therefore improving the accuracy of oncological lung disease assessment. The ease of use of BH and its added value should prompt its use in routine practice.
Security estimation of LWE via BKW algorithms
Authors: Wei Yu , Bi Lei , Lu Xianhui , Wang Kunpeng
Published: September 2023

The Learning With Errors (LWE) problem is widely used in lattice-based cryptography, which is the most promising post-quantum cryptography direction. There are a variety of LWE-solving methods, which can be classified into four groups: lattice methods, algebraic methods, combinatorial methods, and exhaustive searching. The Blum–Kalai–Wasserman (BKW) algorithm is an important variety of combinatorial algorithms, which was first presented for solving the Learning Parity With Noise (LPN) problem and then extended to solve LWE. In this paper, we give an overview of BKW algorithms for solving LWE. We introduce the framework and key techniques of BKW algorithms and make comparisons between different BKW algorithms and also with lattice methods by estimating concrete security of specific LWE instances. We also briefly discuss the current problems and potential future directions of BKW algorithms.
Assessment of attitudes and practices towards COVID-19 pandemic: a survey on a cohort of educated Syrian population
Authors: Albitar Lina , Aboualchamat Ghalia
Published: September 2023

Background

Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) caused the death of millions of people and affected the lives of hundreds of millions worldwide. The WHO recommendations aimed mainly to reduce transmission, minimize infection, and get people vaccinated. Nevertheless, opinions and attitudes about the disease varied. In this study, we evaluated personal attitudes and practices of a cohort of an educated Syrian population, after several waves of infection with COVID-19 and the release of different types of vaccines.

Methods

A cross-sectional internet-based survey was launched in January 2022.The survey queried the participants’ personal experience, attitudes, practices towards COVID-19, and vaccination.

Results

The study included 408 individuals. The respondents were mainly females (72.6%), 20–29 years old (39.2%), and college graduates (59.3%). A large proportion (89.7%) reported having been infected at least once during the pandemic; a significant association was found with age (p = 0.001). Nearly half of the respondents got vaccinated; the majority were > 40 years old. Opinions differed regarding the effectiveness and safety of the vaccines; only a small percentage of the participants (17.4%) thought all vaccines were effective and safe. Remarkably, the level of education did not significantly dominate the participants’ attitudes or practices towards the COVID-19 pandemic. Approximately half of the respondents (44.9%) stated their lives were affected by the pandemic and over the third were worried (38%). A significant association was detected with gender in favour of females. Most of the participants have taken at least one precautionary measure to limit the infection.

Conclusion

The level of education did not significantly dominate the participants’ attitudes or practices towards the COVID-19 pandemic. Female respondents were more cautious, concerned and committed to taking precautionary measures regardless of their education level. However, their unwillingness to receive the vaccine raises significant concerns. Efforts should be made to emphasize the importance of immunization, the safety and effectiveness of vaccines, and encourage vaccination among individuals.
Standard versus short stem cemented Exeter® when used for primary total hip arthroplasty: a survivorship analysis
Authors: Clement Nick D. , Yapp Liam Z. , Baxendale-Smith Leo D. , MacDonald Deborah , Howie Colin R. , Gaston Paul
Published: September 2023

Aims

The aims were to compare the survival of the cemented standard (150 mm) with the short (DDH [35.5 mm offset or less], number 1 short stem [125 mm options of 37.5 mm, 44 mm, 50 mm offset] and revision [44/00/125]) Exeter® V40 femoral stems when used for primary total hip arthroplasty (THA).

Methods

Patients were retrospectively identified from an arthroplasty database. A total of 664 short stem Exeter® variants were identified, of which 229 were DDH stems, 208 number 1 stems and 227 revision stems were implanted between 2011 and 2020. A control group of 698 standard Exeter® stems used for THA was set up, and were followed up for a minimum of 10 years follow-up (implanted 2011). All-cause survival was assessed for THA and for the stem only. Adjusted analysis was undertaken for age, sex and ASA grade.

Results

The median survival time for the short stems varied according to design: DDH had a survival time of 6.7 years, number 1 stems 4.1 years, and revision stems 7.2 years. Subjects in the short stem group (n = 664) were significantly younger (mean difference 5.1, P < 0.001) and were more likely to be female (odds ratio 1.89, 95% CI 1.50 to 2.39, P < 0.001), compared to the standard group. There were no differences in THA (P = 0.26) or stem (P = 0.35) survival at 5 years (adjusted THA: 98.3% vs. 97.2%; stem 98.7% vs. 97.8%) or 10 years (adjusted THA 97.0% vs. 96.0 %; stem 96.7% vs. 96.2%) between standard and short stem groups, respectively. At 5 years no differences were found in THA (DDH: 96.7%, number 1 97.5%, revision 97.3%, standard 98.6%) or stem (DDH: 97.6%, number 1 99.0%, revision 97.3%, standard 98.2%) survival between/among the different short stems or when compared to the standard group.

Conclusion

The Exeter® short stems offer equivocal survival when compared to the standard stem at 5- to 10-year follow-up, which does not seem to be influenced by the short stem design.
Emerging rapid and non-destructive techniques for quality and safety evaluation of cacao: recent advances, challenges, and future trends
Authors: Alvarado Marjun C. , Sanchez Philip Donald C. , Polongasa Shiella Grace N.
Published: September 2023

Cacao is one of the world's most highly sought-after agricultural commodities for its great nutritional and economic importance. The cacao’s quality is an essential parameter to consider during postharvest processes to satisfy consumers' preferences and commercial acceptability. However, the quality and safety evaluation of cacao is mostly monitored using human inspection, which is arduous because it requires more effort and offers inaccurate results, as human judgment is subjective. Furthermore, the conventional method for quality evaluation, such as cut-test and chromatographic analysis, is destructive in nature, resulting in the disposal of samples after the measurement is carried out. To overcome the drawbacks and challenges offered by conventional methods, the rapid and non-destructive technique was introduced. This study focuses on the application of emerging rapid and non-destructive approaches that have been used to monitor the quality and safety of cacao, notably during the harvesting, grading/sorting, fermentation, and postharvest processes. It includes imaging-based computer vision, spectroscopic-based techniques, hyperspectral imaging techniques, and other non-destructive techniques. Non-destructive techniques can evaluate the different internal and external quality parameters of cacao, such as maturity index, fermentation index, moisture content, total fat content, pH, total phenolic compounds, and others. This review also highlighted the advantages, drawbacks, and future perspectives of rapid and non-invasive techniques for evaluating the quality of cacao beans. This current work has proven the effectiveness of rapid and non-invasive in replacing the conventional methods for evaluating the quality of cacao.

Graphical Abstract
Mental health states of the refugee women in the 10-year visiting process: an assessment in context of the sociocultural adaptation
Authors: Kaplan Veysel , Düken Mehmet Emin
Published: September 2023

Background

In this study, it is aimed to determine the relationship between the sociocultural adaptation levels and the mental states of women who fled their countries due to the war and settled in Turkey. In this context, the study was carried out with descriptive, cross-sectional, and relational design. In the study, 948 refugee women living in Turkey were interviewed. Personal information form, Brief Symptom Inventory, and Sociocultural Adaptation Scale were used in the interviews. In the analysis of the data, SPSS package program was used, and descriptive statistics were made with linear regression.

Results

As a result of the study, it was determined that 47% of refugee women were illiterate, 70% had poor Turkish speaking level, and 51% could not establish good relations with Turkish people. The mean age of the women was 28.78 ± 7.01, the mean anxiety score was 24.33 ± 7.86, the mean depression score was 23.95 ± 8.1, the mean negative self-concept score was 23.85 ± 8.05, the mean somatization score was 14.99 ± 5.77, the mean hostility score was 13.63 ± 4.29, and the mean sociocultural adaptation score was 53.15 ± 16.94.

Conclusion

It was determined that the sociocultural adaptation level of refugee women is low. In addition, it has been determined that women experience psychological symptoms such as anxiety, depression, somatization, negative self-perception, and hostility intensely, and these symptoms are more common in refugee women with low sociocultural adaptation level.
An assessment of methods used for the generation and characterization of cryomilled polystyrene micro- and nanoplastic particles
Authors: McColley Campbell J. , Nason Jeffrey A. , Harper Bryan J. , Harper Stacey L.
Published: September 2023

There is a critical need to generate environmentally relevant microplastics (MPs) and nanoplastics (NPs) to better investigate their behavior in laboratory settings. Environmental MPs are heterogenous in size and shape, unlike monodisperse and uniform microspheres commonly used as surrogates. Cryogenic grinding, or cryomilling, was successfully utilized to transform polystyrene (PS) bulk material into heterogenous micro and nano fragments. Fourier-Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy confirmed that this approach did not alter polymer surface chemistry. The number of milling cycles (time of milling) and frequency of grinding (intensity of milling) were varied to investigate the role cryomilling parameters had on generated MP characteristics. The resulting particle size distributions of cryomilled samples were measured and compared. Coulter Counter and Nanoparticle Tracking Analysis (NTA) were used to measure the particle size distributions at the micro and nanoparticle size ranges, respectively. Microspheres were used to determine what camera settings yielded more accurate sizing and to reduce bias in the NTA analysis. Increasing milling cycles generally increased the number of smaller particles. The evolution of the measured size distributions indicated that small nanosized fragments broke off from larger MPs during cryomilling, steadily eroding larger MP fragments. The number of milling cycles was observed to more consistently impact the size distributions of fragments compared to the frequency of milling. This study offers both analysis of the cryomilling process and recommendations for generating more realistic PS MP/NPs for examining environmental fate and effects.
Heyde-like syndrome occurring for the first time following aortic valve replacement with a bioprosthesis: a case report
Authors: Oda Takeshi , Kanamoto Ryo , Miyawaki Mizue , Akaiwa Keiichi , Nakamura Katsuhiko , Kubochi Minako , Kato Seiya , Tayama Eiki
Published: September 2023

Background

Heyde’s syndrome is known as a combination of gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding and aortic valve stenosis. However, there are no reports of an association between GI bleeding and bioprosthetic valve stenosis initially occurred after aortic valve replacement (AVR), even though there are several reports that GI bleeding due to native aortic valve stenosis disappeared after AVR, and GI bleeding recurred due to bioprosthetic valve stenosis or patient-prosthesis mismatch.

Case presentation

An 80-year-old woman who was on hemodialysis for 13 years had undergone AVR with a bioprosthetic valve for aortic regurgitation 3 years prior. She was admitted with acute heart failure and anemia that required repeated blood transfusions. Capsule endoscopy revealed multiple active hemorrhages of the small intestine due to angiodysplasia. Echocardiography showed severe bioprosthetic valve stenosis in the aortic valve position as a result of structural valve deterioration (SVD). Because Heyde’s syndrome was strongly suspected even though gel electrophoresis analysis of von Willebrand factor multimers, the gold standard examination for the definitive diagnosis of Heyde’s syndrome, was not performed, a redo AVR with a new bioprosthetic valve was performed. After the second AVR, both the heart failure and anemia due to GI bleeding promptly improved.

Conclusions

Bioprosthetic valve stenosis due to SVD can bring GI bleeding just as in native aortic valve stenosis. Redo AVR is a promising treatment if the combination of GI bleeding and valve stenosis in the aortic valve position appears even after AVR.
Digitalization of home-based records for maternal, newborn, and child health: a scoping review
Authors: Geldof Marije , Gerlach Nina , Portela Anayda
Published: September 2023

Background

At least 163 countries use a form of home-based record, a document to record health information kept at home. These are predominantly paper-based, although some countries are digitalizing home-based records for improved access and use. This scoping review aimed to identify efforts already undertaken for the digitalization of home-based records for maternal, newborn, and child health (MNCH) and lessons learned moving forward, by mapping the available peer-reviewed and grey literature.

Methods

The scoping review was guided by Arskey and O’Malley’s framework. A literature search of references published from 2000 until 2021 was conducted in Medline, Embase, CINAHL, EBM reviews, Google Scholar, IEEE Xplore as well as a grey literature search. Title and abstract and full texts were screened in Covidence. A final data extraction sheet was generated in Excel.

Results

The scoping review includes 107 references that cover 120 unique digital interventions. Most of the included references are peer-reviewed articles in English language published after 2015. Of the 120 unique digital interventions, 80 (66.7%) are used in 31 different countries and 40 (33.3%) are globally available pregnancy applications. Out of the 80 digitalization efforts from countries, most are concentrated in high-income countries (n=68, 85%). Maternal health (n=73; 61%) and child health (n=60; 50%) are the main health domains covered; the main users are pregnant women (n=57; 48%) and parents/caregivers (n=43; 36%).

Conclusions

Most digital home-based records for MNCH are centered in high-income countries and revolve around pregnancy applications or portals for home access to health records covering MNCH. Lessons learned indicate that the success of digital home-based records correlates with the usability of the intervention, digital literacy, language skills, ownership of required digital devices, and reliable electricity and internet access. The digitalization of home-based records needs to be considered together with digitizing patient health records.
Evaluation of a results-based financing nutrition intervention for tuberculosis patients in Madhya Pradesh, India, implemented during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Howell Embry , Dammala Rama Rao , Pandey Pratibha , Strouse Darcy , Sharma Atul , Rao Neeta , Nadipally Sudheer , Shah Amar , Rai Varsha , Dowling Russell
Published: September 2023

Background

Reducing malnutrition through food supplementation is a critical component of the WHO End Tuberculosis (TB) strategy. A results-based financing (RBF) initiative in Madhya Pradesh, India—called Mukti—introduced an intensive nutrition intervention, including home visits, counseling, food basket distribution, and assistance in obtaining government benefits. Phase 1 of the program (Dhar District), implemented by ChildFund India (ChildFund) and funded by USAID, coincided with the COVID-19 lockdown in 2020. Under an RBF reimbursement scheme, ChildFund was paid based on treatment retention for 6 months and weight gain of 6 kg for adults.

Methods

The evaluation used a mixed methods approach. Qualitative components included interviews with key informants and focus groups with program participants. Quantitative components included an analysis of program data (i.e., patient demographics, receipt of program services, and weight gain). An impact analysis of retention in treatment used data from a government database. A difference-in-differences model was used to compare results from baseline data and the program period for Dhar District to similar data for the adjacent Jhabua District.

Results

The program was well implemented and appreciated by patients and providers. Patients received an average of 10.2 home visits and 6.2 food baskets. While all age and sex groups gained weight significantly over their 6-month treatment period, there was no program impact on treatment retention. Seventy-six percent of patients achieved both outcome goals. And though average program costs were under budget, ChildFund experienced a loss in the results-based financing scheme, which was covered by USAID to continue program expansion.

Conclusions

Implementing a nutrition supplementation and education program for TB patients in India is feasible. The intervention improved weight gain despite COVID-19-related lockdowns. The Mukti program did not impact treatment retention, which was already high at baseline. Program costs were modest, but the results-based financing reimbursement scheme resulted in a loss for the implementer. Overall, the RBF model led to an increased focus on outcomes for program staff and other stakeholders, which led to more efficient service delivery. Future research should examine total costs (including donated staff time) more extensively to determine the cost-effectiveness of Mukti and similar interventions.
Associations of Serum Testosterone and Sex Hormone-binding Globulin With Incident Arrhythmias in Men From UK Biobank
Authors: Xu Bingyan , Mo Wei , Tan Xiangliang , Zhang Peizhen , Huang Junlin , Huang Chensihan , Guo Dan , Wei Xueyun , Liu Yating , Lei Xuzhen , Dou Weijuan , Lin Jiayang , Liu Deying , Yang Linjie , Huang Yan , Zhang Huijie , Liao Yunfei
Published: September 2023

Context

Sex hormones have been identified as cardiovascular risk factors, whereas the relationship between sex hormones and the risk of arrhythmias in men has not yet been well studied in the prospective cohort study.

Objective

To analyze associations of serum testosterone and SHBG concentrations and calculate free testosterone (cFT) with arrhythmias in men.

Methods

Sex hormones were measured at baseline from UK Biobank. Main outcomes were incidence of atrial fibrillation/flutter (AF), ventricular arrhythmia (VA), and bradyarrhythmia (BA).

Results

Of 173 498 men (aged 37-73 years, followed for 11 years), 11 368 had incident AF, 1646 had incident VA, and 4788 had incident BA. Compared with the third quartiles, the lowest category of serum testosterone was associated with increased risks of AF (hazard ratio [HR], 1.06; 95% CI, 1.00-1.12) and BA (HR, 1.11; 95% CI, 1.02-1.20) after multivariable adjustment, but no VA. Likewise, similar associations were found between cFT values and AF and BA events. Furthermore, higher levels of cFT were associated with increased risks of AF (HR, 1.07; 95% CI, 1.02-1.13) and VA (HR, 1.18; 95% CI, 1.01-1.37). Higher SHBG concentrations were associated with increased risks of AF (HR, 1.44; 95% CI, 1.34-1.54), VA (HR, 1.27; 95% CI, 1.07-1.52), and BA (HR, 1.17; 95% CI ,1.05-1.29).

Conclusions

Lower levels of testosterone and cFT were associated with increased risk of AF and BA. Higher cFT levels were associated with increased risk of AF and VA. Higher SHBG levels were associated with increased risk of AF, VA, and BA.
Sonographic Features of Atypical and Initially Missed Parathyroid Adenomas: Lessons Learned From a Single-Center Cohort
Authors: Ilgan Seyfettin , Aydoğan Berna İmge , Emer Özdeş , Anıl Cüneyd , Gürsoy Alptekin , Cesur Mustafa , Bilezikçi Banu
Published: September 2023

Context

Awareness of typical and atypical ultrasonographic (US) features of parathyroid adenomas (PAs) is crucial since US is the most widely used first-line imaging modality.

Objective

The purpose of this study was to describe the atypical features of PAs on US and other possible factors leading to a false negative examination in a large single-center cohort.

Materials and Methods

The US records of 457 PAs in 445 patients with biochemically proven primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) were evaluated in a prospectively maintained database. Atypical size, composition, shape, echogenicity, location, and vascular pattern on US were noted. For patients who previously had at least one negative US examination in referring centers, the main possible reason was defined accordingly.

Results

The study group included 359 female and 86 male patients with PHPT. Typical sonographic features were observed in 231 PAs (51%), whereas 226 (49%) had at least one atypical US feature. The most common atypical features were atypical size (29%), followed by atypical echogenicity (19%), shape (8%), location (7%), and composition (7%), respectively. There were 122 initially missed PAs in all groups. The most frequent main atypical US features leading to false negative examinations were atypical size (22.1%) and atypical location (18.8%). Inexperience was third most common reason (16.3%) for false negative US examinations.

Conclusions

Almost half of PAs have at least one atypical feature on US. Awareness of the high prevalence of atypical US features could increase the accuracy of US examination and potentially decrease demand for more expensive second-line imaging modalities.