bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of Silica Fume and Glass Powder on High-Strength Paste
Authors: Limantono Henry , Ekaputri Januarti Jaya , Susanto Tri Eddy
Published: January 2016

Glass powder is known as a reactive material with silica content more than 72% and potentially considered as pozzolanic material. Moreover, it is known that binder containing silica fume 10-26% by weight increases the compressive strength of concrete. A low water to binder ratio is needed to increase the strength. In this paper, materials for making paste were analyzed for X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF), X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), and reactivity. Composition of paste with the highest strength at 28 days was 93.26 MPa. Glass powders had higher reactivity compared to silica fume. Therefore, the recommended amount of glass powder to increase mechanical properties is 10 – 15% from cement weight and silica fume content are 40 – 60% from glass powder weight. A tendency of strength increasing after 28 days was found. In general, addition of silica fume to glass powder prolonged the initial setting causing the distance between initial and final setting time became closer.
Cardiovascular Effects of Recreational Cocaine Abuse
Authors: Westlake Cheryl , Funkhouser Sheana Whelan
Published: January 2016

Deaths related to the recreational use of cocaine in the United States have increased to epidemic proportions within the last decade. Frequently, persons with cocaine toxicity present to the emergency room, require critical care nursing, and are admitted to the intensive care unit. This article outlines the cardiovascular effects of recreational cocaine abuse. Initially, the historical perspective of the drug is outlined. The mechanism of action, administration, absorption, and excretion are discussed. Details regarding the cardiovascular effects of cocaine are described. Although no uniform treatment plan has been developed for every complication of cocaine overdose, the current therapeutic modalities are outlined. Finally, the clinical implications for clinical practice are addressed. The recreational abuse of cocaine presents new patient care challenges for the critical care nurse. With increased knowledge, the health care provider may assist in meeting the clinical needs of this emerging patient population.
Involving Parents in Decisions to Forego Life-Sustaining Treatment for Critically Ill Infants and Children
Authors: Rushton Cindy Hylton , Glover Jacqueline J.
Published: January 2016

A moral framework based on principles of beneficence and respect for persons requires shared decision-making. In the best interest of critically ill children, parents should be the primary decisionmakers in collaboration with health care professionals. When parents are unable to function in their proper role as surrogate, health care professionals must seek an alternative surrogate decisionmaker. A balanced partnership between parents and professionals can be supported by attention to the environmental stressors, enhanced communication, networks of support and institutional mechanisms for conflict resolution.
Respiratory Failure in the Patient with AIDS: Is Critical Care Warranted?
Authors: Szaflarski Nancy L.
Published: January 2016

The issue of whether or not the life-sustaining treatments (LST) of critical care is warranted for patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) experiencing acute respiratory failure has been raised. Factors that have contributed to this issue include the AIDS epidemic, the high costs of critical care, limited intensive care resources, high mortality, prolonged suffering, and the effects on caregivers in delivering futile care. This article examines this issue from the ethicality of the decision-making process regarding LST in context with medical futility, patient autonomy, and discussion among patients and caregivers. The allocation of critical care resources for AIDS patients with respiratory failure is analyzed from the viewpoint of distributive justice. The nursing implications of providing critical care to these patients and their families are discussed as well as needed areas of research.
Planning for Successful Home Mechanical Ventilation
Authors: Dettenmeier Patricia A.
Published: January 2016

Home mechanical ventilation has evolved to permit discharge of patients on portable negative or positive pressure mechanical ventilators. Assessment of the patient for home discharge is initiated by a multidisciplinary team. The nurse, physician, social worker, respiratory therapist, speech therapist, occupational therapist, home health nursing agency, durable medical equipment supplier, and caregivers constitute the team. The crucial links to a successful patient discharge are an involved family and a well-developed plan of care, although patient finances also are important. The nurse develops, coordinates, and implements the teaching plan over a period of 2 or more weeks. The home caregivers provide total care for the patient several days before discharge. The home health agency and the durable medical equipment supplier provide services which ease the transition of care from hospital to home. One alternative to home discharge is placement in an extended care facility
The Long-Term Acute Care Hospital: A New Option for Ventilator-Dependent Individuals
Authors: Lundberg Jennifer A. , Noll Mary Lou
Published: January 2016

Improved health care and sophisticated medical technology have improved the outcome for many people who suffer a critical illness. One group of people who have benefited are ventilator-dependent individuals (VDIs), as evidenced by the increased number of children and adults requiring long-term mechanical ventilation. Significant changes in this nation’s health care reimbursement structure have made a substantial negative impact on the availability of traditional long-term care options for these patients. In response, a new health care environment has emerged. Now available are specialty hospitals providing general hospital services, which allow for long-term acute care intervention. The Vencor Corporation has successfully established this innovative care environment in a cost-effective manner. There are currently nine Vencor hospitals specializing in providing long-term acute care to VDIs and other catastrophically ill patients
Assessment of the Neonatal Respiratory System
Authors: Leblanc Keri Barrett , Forestell Francine Elise
Published: January 2016

The nursing process related to alteration in respiratory status provides a framework to review information about neonatal respiratory assessment. The information includes definitions of terms used to document nursing observations. Risk factors affecting an alteration in respiratory status are outlined and diseases associated with respiratory dysfunction, many unique to the neonate, are discussed including the pathophysiology and defining characteristics. Nursing diagnoses are briefly stated. Presentation of a case study demonstrates the nursing interventions based on on the assessments made on the infant with progressing respiratory distress syndrome (RDS). An evaluation is made of the effect of nursing assessment on changing an infant’s respiratory status. Keys to accurate nursing assessment of neonatal respiratory status are observation, recognition of contributory disease processes, and implementation and evaluation of appropriate nursing interventions
The Pathophysiology of Multi-System Organ Failure in the Trauma Patient
Authors: Hotter Ann N.
Published: January 2016

Multiple trauma mortality in the critical care setting most often occurs as a result of multi-system organ failure (MSOF). Mortality rates increase exponentially as successive organ systems fail. Although the role of shock in determining patient outcome has been extensively investigated, inflammatory factors and sepsis are becoming increasingly implicated in the development of MSOF. The physiologic effect of these factors on individual organ systems is explained. Signs, symptoms, and key criteria for determining organ system failure also are presented to assist the nurse in recognition and prevention
Inhalation Injuries
Authors: Fitzgerald Karen A. , McLaughlin Evelyn Gonzales
Published: January 2016

Inhalation injuries comprise three distinct clinical entities that may be classified according to the time of onset of symptoms, etiologic agents, and the anatomic location of injury. These entities are carbon monoxide toxicity, upper airway obstruction, and smoke inhalation or chemical injury. Each has a distinct pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, treatment, and prognosis. The emergency management of inhalation injury is frequently based on the health professional’s degree of suspicion despite the availability of sophisticated diagnostic tests. Early aggressive treatment, including maintaining a patent airway, administering humidified oxygen and bronchodilators, and providing pulmonary toilet, is necessary to ensure the best possible outcome. Understanding the pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, medical management, and nursing implications of inhalation injuries can improve patient survival
Monitoring and Evaluation in the Special Care Unit: The JCAHO Ten-Step Process
Authors: Claflin Nancy
Published: January 2016

Monitoring and evaluating the quality and appropriateness of patient care in the special care unit is the basis for quality assurance activities. To make the monitoring and evaluation process helpful, health care professionals in special care units must be involved in each step of the process. The focus must be on patient care, specifically on clinical aspects of care rather than on structural specifications or technical processes. In addition to assisting the special care unit to meet accreditation requirements, ongoing monitoring and evaluation assist that unit to assure high-quality care. Monitoring and evaluation activities also assist the special care unit manager in responding to demands of state and federal regulators by providing an objective assessment of the care provided to Medicare and Medicaid patients. These activities also can provide assistance in responding to concerns about lawsuits involving alleged negligence in provision of special care; and in meeting pressures from third-party payers to reduce costs associated with unnecessary treatment in special care units. This chapter describes how the ten-step monitoring and evaluation process can be used to help assure high-quality patient care in the special care unit
Incorporating CARE into Caring for Families in Crisis
Authors: Caine Randy M.
Published: January 2016

When patients and their families experience the crisis of sudden hospitalization, much energy is spent providing curative interventions and physical care, often with little time available to help the family deal with the crisis. Incorporating caring behaviors into the cadre of critical care interventions must be used to help patients and families deal with the crisis. Caring is a basic value of health care delivery and embodies a spiritual and metaphysical dimension concerned with preserving, protecting, and enhancing human dignity. Caring becomes even more important when one realizes that cure may not always be possible. Four basic behaviors form a foundation for the Humanistic CARE Model and include the interconnection and interrelation of communication, advocacy, reciprocity, and empathy. Finally, our caring actions affect each of the lives we touch. The knowledge that those actions make a difference in the lives of critically ill patients and their families provides us with the insight that we have succeeded in incorporating CARE into caring for families in crisis
Developing and Maintaining Hope in Families of the Critically Ill
Authors: Miller Judith Fitzgerald
Published: January 2016

Because of the interdependent, reciprocal dynamics of families and patients, responses of one affect the other. Hope is an important state of being and has been noted to be an example of such a response. Developing and maintaining family members’ hope has a contagious effect on the patient. A model of nursing strategies to inspire hope in families of the critically ill with possible outcomes is presented
Novacor Left Ventricular Assist System
Authors: Shinn Julie A.
Published: January 2016

Clinical investigation of the Novacor ventricular assist system has been ongoing since 1984. Major successes have been achieved using the device as a bridge to heart transplant. This system uses an electrically driven, pulsatile pump implanted in the left upper abdominal quadrant. The system has demonstrated the ability to provide long-term patient support, a feature that allows patients to become mobile and active once recovered from their initial heart failure. By the time of transplant, nutrition is restored, activity tolerance is improved, and most patients require no inotropic support. The system allows patients to recover from cardiogenic shock by providing total systemic circulatory support
Traumatic Brain Injury: The Silent Epidemic
Authors: Coburn Kathy
Published: January 2016

It is difficult to accurately determine the number of people affected annually by the devastating effects of traumatic brain injury. It is clear, however, that the impact of traumatic brain injury exceeds the financial cost of acute health care. The long-term outcome of patients with traumatic brain injury has been targeted specifically for improvement during this decade. The initial brain injury—known as the primary injury—may occur in one area of the brain (focal injury) or may affect the entire brain (diffuse injury). The outcome depends on many factors, including the severity of the brain injury and the effectiveness of the interventions received. Accurate assessment of the scope of the problem would be improved by the development of a national database and the standardization of assessment practices. Critical care nurses can contribute skill and knowledge in the care of patients with traumatic brain injury and in efforts to prevent the accidents and violence that cause traumatic brain injury
An Overview of Endocrine Function and Dysfunction
Authors: Kessler Christine Ashley
Published: January 2016

In more ways than is probably appreciated, critical care nurses deal with clinical situations that involve abnormalities in endocrine function. Endocrine emergencies frequently precipitate patient admissions to critical care units. More common, however, is the deleterious impact of critical illness and prescribed therapies on endocrine function. The manifestations of endocrine pathology are typically subtle and often go undetected until exacerbations and serious medical consequences ensue. To ensure prompt diagnosis and proper therapy, a general understanding of the endocrine function and hormone regulation is essential. It is also important that critical care nurses broaden their repertoire of assessment skills and become more attuned to the consequences of hormonal imbalance
Adrenocortical Insufficiency: A Medical Emergency
Authors: Lee Laura M. , Gumowski Julle
Published: January 2016

Adrenal insufficiency is a deceptive disorder. Insidious in onset, chronic in nature, it can suddenly progress into an acute life-threatening condition that may mimic disorders of vastly different etiologies. The result can be a lethal delay in diagnosis. Prompt diagnosis and replacement of glucocorticoids and fluids are essential for survival. Acute adrenal insufficiency is frequently an exacerbation of an underlying chronic disorder of the adrenal cortex or pituitary gland. Yet any patient who has been treated with suppressive doses of glucocorticoids (e.g., Cortisol, prednisone), experienced overwhelming sepsis, has received anticoagulant therapy, or has endstage metastatic carcinoma may suddenly develop adrenal insufficiency along with its deadly sequela of hypovolemic shock, hyperkalemia, hyponatremia, and hypoglycemia. Successful management of this condition requires not only a heightened clinical awareness of adrenal insufficiency, but effective stress reduction interventions and a thorough patient and family teaching program to support lifelong control of the disease
Pulmonary Artery Pressure Monitoring
Authors: Gardner Polly E.
Published: January 2016

Critical care nurses often care for critically ill patients who require pulmonary artery catheterization. Nurses need an extensive knowledge base to understand the various technical and physiologic factors that may affect the accuracy of pressure measurements. Continued nursing research is needed to refine and guide the development of nursing practice standards in caring for patients who require pulmonary artery pressure monitoring.
Inhalation Injury
Authors: Carrougher Gretchen J.
Published: January 2016

Inhalation injury remains a primary determinant of patient survival, with 60% to 70% of burn center fatalities attributed to the pulmonary complications of inhalation injury. Substantial airway damage and pulmonary complications can result from the inhalation of toxic fumes and gases found in smoke. Partial to complete airway obstruction, pulmonary edema, pneumonia, and progressive pulmonary failure may occur. Early diagnosis of inhalation injury and vigorous pulmonary care and support arc vitally important to patient survival. Bronchoscopy and xenon 133 ventilation-perfusion scans are two of the newer diagnostic tools used to identify burn patients with inhalation injury. Treatment measures for patients with inhalation injury and recommendations for nursing practice are discussed
Pediatric Burn Injuries
Authors: Helvig Elizabeth
Published: January 2016

Care of the pediatric burn patient requires knowledge of physiologic differences between adults and children for estimation of burn size, calculation of fluid needs, and assessment of response. Dressing techniques, pain management, and nutritional and psychologic support of this population require special considerations
How Safe Are Intramuscular Injections?
Authors: Beecroft Pauline C. , Kongelbeck Sylvia R.
Published: January 2016

The authors present an overview of adverse effects associated with intramuscular injections and factors contributing to these effects. Guidelines for both general and critical care patients are proposed after evaluating available research and case history literature. Recommendations include re-evaluating the appropriateness of the intramuscular route for administration of drugs to critical care patients. Avoidance of this route for most critically ill patients is suggested
A Recombinant G Protein Plus Cyclosporine A–Based Respiratory Syncytial Virus Vaccine Elicits Humoral and Regulatory T Cell Responses against Infection without Vaccine-Enhanced Disease
Authors: Li Chaofan , Zhou Xian , Zhong Yiwei , Li Changgui , Dong Aihua , He Zhonghuai , Zhang Shuren , Wang Bin
Published: January 2016

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection can cause severe disease in the lower respiratory tract of infants and older people. Vaccination with a formalin-inactivated RSV vaccine (FI-RSV) and subsequent RSV infection has led to mild to severe pneumonia with two deaths among vaccinees. The vaccine-enhanced disease (VED) was recently demonstrated to be due to an elevated level of Th2 cell responses following loss of regulatory T (Treg) cells from the lungs. To induce high levels of neutralizing Abs and minimize pathogenic T cell responses, we developed a novel strategy of immunizing animals with a recombinant RSV G protein together with cyclosporine A. This novel vaccine induced not only a higher level of neutralizing Abs against RSV infection, but, most importantly, also significantly higher levels of Treg cells that suppressed VED in the lung after RSV infection. The induced responses provided protection against RSV challenge with no sign of pneumonia or bronchitis. Treg cell production of IL-10 was one of the key factors to suppress VED. These finding indicate that G protein plus cyclosporine A could be a promising vaccine against RSV infection in children and older people.
Usefulness of QT dispersion in clinical practice
Authors: Braschi Annabella , Francavilla Vincenzo Cristian , Abrignani Maurizio Giuseppe , Lombardo Renzo , Colivicchi Furio , Francavilla Giuseppe
Published: January 2016

The measurement of QT dispersion in the surface electrocardiogram has been proposed as a non invasive method for assessing inhomogeneity of myocardial repolarization and has been linked to an increased risk of arrhythmic cardiac death. Several studies have evaluated the use of QTd in a wide variety of cardiac diseases and have reached conflicting conclusions regarding its clinical significance.
Tako-tsubo syndrome and hypovolemia
Authors: Vriz Olga , Citro Rodolfo , Martina Stefano , Pertoldi Franco , Pavan Daniela , Antonini-Canterin Francesco , Bossone Eduardo
Published: January 2016

Tako-tsubo syndrome (TTS) is a rare disorder characterized by reversible apical left ventricular ballooning usually triggered by an emotional and/or physical stress and often mimicking an acute myocardial infarction. We describe a case of 78 year old woman with TTS associated with hypovolemia and hyponatraemia. The hypovolemic state could have activated the sympathetic system and in turn catecolamine overload with consequent myocardial stunning.
Anomalous right-sided pulmonary venous connection to the superior vena cava
Authors: Abbasi Kiumars , Abbasi Ali , Tazik Mokhtar , Salehiomran Abbas , Kazemisaeed Ali , Sadeghian Hakimeh
Published: January 2016

Over the years, different techniques have been introduced for the repair of sinus venosus atrial septal defect (ASD) with anomalous right-sided pulmonary venous connection to the superior vena cava. We report the case of a 9- year-old girl, who presented with dyspnea and peripheral cyanosis. Preoperative echocardiography and angiography findings suggested a partial anomalous pulmonary venous connection. On cardiopulmonary bypass, the ASD was dilated, and the anomalous pulmonary vein was anastomosed to the right atrium and redirected to the left atrium using an intraatrial baffle and a tube graft. The intraoperative and postoperative periods were uneventful, and the patient is currently in good health at 4.5 years’ follow-up.
Young man with asthma and infertility
Authors: Gonzalez Barcala F.J. , Pena A. , Herrero L. , Urtaza A. , García Domínguez M. , Valdes Cuadrado L.
Published: January 2016

occur in the same patient. In some cases they could have patho-physiological changes common to both diseases. Our patient was seen as a result of having an irritating cough with wheezing, mainly at night, for more than a month. Asthma was diagnosed, and he responded favourably to the treatment given. Upon being informed that he had been examined for infertility for 5 years, alpha-1 antitrypsin (AAT) levels were requested. These confirmed that he had a phenotype SZ AAT deficiency. These findings, together with some evidence published recently, suggested that there is a need to rule out AAT deficiency in males with asthma and infertility.
Thanks to our expert Peer Reviewers
Authors: Board Editorial
Published: January 2016

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Oxidant-antioxidant balance in asthma and the potential of antioxidant therapies
Authors: Di Stefano A. , Gnemmi I. , Vicari C. , Balbi B.
Published: January 2016

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Learning impact of education during Pulmonary Rehabilitation program. An observational short-term cohort study
Authors: Crisafulli E. , Loschi S. , Beneventi C. , De Biase A. , Tazzioli B. , Papetti A. , Lorenzi C. , Clini E.M.
Published: January 2016

Background. Among the several components constituting a pulmonary rehabilitation (PR) course, education may contribute to an individual’s recognition of symptoms and worsening of the disease. However, the specific benefits of education is far greater than can be clearly documented to the health care providers. The aim of our preliminary study was to assess the learning impact of educational sessions (ES) in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) patients referred to standard PR. Methods. Six ES on 3 areas (Symptoms-Therapies, Aids, Mood) were applied during PR at our clinic. The learning effect was prospectively evaluated by a specific questionnaire (ESQ) in 285 COPD patients (age 69±8 years, FEV1 53±14 % pred), then grouped into those who have completed ES (Completers group, n=226) or who did not (mean 2±1 ES) (Control group, n=59). Total and partial ESQ scores, and PR outcomes (6-minute walking test- 6MWD, effort-dyspnoea at Medical Research Council scale-MRC, and health-related quality of life scale-SGRQ) were assessed in a pre (T0) to post (Tend) design. Results. Similar improvement in PR outcomes was recorded in both groups at Tend, whereas ESQ total and partial scores significantly increased in ‘Completers’ only (p<0.001). ESQ-Aids score improved to a greater extent in Completers than in Control (+0.60±1.03 vs +0.27±1.27 point respectively, p=0.036). A higher proportion of Completers improved above the median change of both ESQ total and aids scores (p<0.05). Conclusion. Attending educational sessions produces a specific short-term learning effect during rehabilitation of COPD patients.
Airways oxidative stress, lung function and cognitive impairment in aging
Authors: Gramiccioni C. , Carpagnano G.E. , Spanevello A. , Turchiarelli V. , Cagnazzo M.G. , Foschino Barbaro M.P.
Published: January 2016

Background. An altered balance of oxidants/anti-oxidants is one of the pathological mechanisms of many agedependent disorders. We aimed to investigate the age-related airways oxidative stress, using non invasive, safe and repeatable techniques; to evaluate the correspondence between systemic and local oxidative stress in healthy subjects of different age ranges; to analyse the correlation between systemic and local oxidative stress with lung function and with cognitive impairment. Methods. Thirty consecutive healthy high school graduated subjects (8 M, 22 F), divided in three ranges of age (60 years) were enrolled. All subjects underwent oxygen free radicals and exhaled nitric oxide measurement (by the diacron reactive oxygen metabolites test and by a rapid-response chemiluminescence nitric oxide analyzer), lung function tests, and cognitive impairment scales (Mini Mental State Examination and Geriatric Depression Scale). Results. A significant increase of oxygen free radicals, exhaled nitric oxide, and Geriatric Depression Scale score and a significant decrease of forced expiratory volume in 1 second and forced expiratory vital capacity from younger to older subjects were identified. Moreover, the significant positive correlation between oxygen free radicals and exhaled nitric oxide, and between oxygen free radicals and exhaled nitric oxide with Geriatric Depression Scale score were found. The significant negative correlation between forced expiratory volume in 1 second and oxygen free radicals or exhaled nitric oxide was also demonstrated. Conclusions. Our data supports the role of progressive local oxidative stress in damaging the lung function and in inducing depression symptoms.
Recent Treatments of Interstitial Lung Disease with Systemic Sclerosis
Authors: Yasuoka Hidekata
Published: January 2016

Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is a disorder characterized by immune dysfunction, microvascular injury, and fibrosis. Organ involvement in patients with SSc is variable; however, pulmonary involvement occurs in up to 90% of patients with SSc. Interstitial lung disease (ILD) is a major cause of mortality and, thus, a major determinant in the prognosis of patients with SSc. This review summarizes current findings about the characteristics of ILD in patients with SSc, selection of patients with SSc-ILD who are candidates for the treatment, and current treatment options.
清前期宫廷西洋科学仪器的种类和来源/Types and Sources of Scientific Instruments in the Imperial Court of the Early Qing Dynasty
Authors: GUO Fuxiang
Published: January 2016

明末清初以来，以耶稣会为主之西方传教士来华为契机，形成了具有深远影响的基督教在华传教和中西文化交流的浪潮。此次交流不同于以往之处在于科学成为联结中西两个世界最为重要的介质。综观此次中西之间碰撞和交流，如果说在民间是宗教和科学并举的话，而宫廷则演变为纯粹的中国皇帝利用西洋科学和技艺的场所，因此之故，北京故宫博物院收藏了相当数量的西洋科学仪器。本文对清宫西洋科学仪器的收藏情况作了比较全面的介绍，并通过档案、实物等材料探讨这些收藏的形成历程。Since the late Ming and the early Qing Dynasty, a far-reaching wave of cultural exchange was formed by Christian missionaries, with Jesuits as the mainstay. This exchange is different from previous ones in that science becomes the most important medium connecting the west and China. A comprehensive examination of this sino-western exchange shows that if lay communication is believed to be dominated by religion and science, the imperial court was turned into an arena where Chinese emperors utilized western science and techniques. It is for this reason that the Palace Museum has housed a considerable collection of western scientific instruments. This paper presents a comparatively full introduction to the collection and an exploration into the collection process by reviewing documents and physical objects.
Su Shi in razcvet tem v poeziji ci – na primeru pesmi na melodijo »Mesečina na Zahodni reki«
Authors: PRETNAR Mojca
Published: January 2016

Študija razloži značilnosti poezije ci 詞 in na primeru enega najpomembnejših pesnikov oblike ci iz dinastije Song (960–1279), Su Shija 蘇軾 (1037–1101), in njegovih petnajst pesmi, ki jih je napesnil na melodijo ・・Mesečina na Zahodni reki・・, razišče njegovo inovativnost pri širjenju tematike v obliki ci s pristopom našanja elementov poezije shi 詩 v poezijo ci (以詩為詞). Teh petnajst Su Shijevih pesmi, ki jih je iz kitajščine prepesnila avtorica študije, kaže tematsko pestrost, ki je poezija ci pred Su Shijem ni poznala. Tako v tradicionalnih kot inovativnih pesmih Su Shi širi tematiko s pomočjo aluzij, sposojanjem elementov iz literarnih, zgodovinskih, filozofskih del in z ustvarjanjem asociacij na zgodbe, dogodke in osebe iz zgodovine, mitologije in literature.
von Willebrand Disease in Dental Clinic: An Exclusive Case Report with Review of Literature
Authors: Aparna M
Published: January 2016

von Willebrand disease (vWD) is the most common type of autosomally inherited bleeding disorder affecting up to 1% of the world's population. The disease represents a range of quantitative and qualitative pathologies of the adhesive glycoprotein, von Willebrand factor (vWF). Since symptoms are often mild, a significant majority of patients remain undiagnosed. In the hemostasis laboratory, the measurement of vWF antigen and ristocetin cofactor activity is key components in the diagnostic algorithm for vWD. With all forms of vWD, however, bleeding episodes can be severe and may require treatment, particularly during or following surgery or dental work. The primary care physician can and should play a role in recognizing the signs and symptoms of vWD and in referring patients for proper management. The treatment of bleeding in vWD involves the use of desmopressin and plasma-derived vWF concentrates and a variety of adjunctive agents. This article gives a detailed description of the case report on a 5-year-old boy who presented with vWD in dental clinic and also imparts the knowledge on back ground, pathophysiology, classification, diagnostic measures and treatment modalities of this fatal bleeding disorder from dental perspective.

How to cite this article

Aparna M. von Willebrand Disease in Dental Clinic: An Exclusive Case Report with Review of Literature. J Contemp Dent 2015;5(2):107-112
Tubular Type of Basal Cell Adenoma of Parotid Gland: A Rare Entity
Authors: Shah Pratik Dipak , Mukherji Srijon
Published: January 2016

Basal cell adenoma (BCA) is a significantly rare benign salivary gland neoplasm that includes isomorphic basaloid cells. Presence of myoepithelial cell is a characteristic of this tumor. Basal cell adenoma accounts for only 1 to 2% of all salivary gland epithelial tumors. The goal of the paper is to report a rare case of tubular type of BCA arising from parotid gland and discuss its management.

How to cite this article

Shah PD, Mukherji S. Tubular Type of Basal Cell Adenoma of Parotid Gland: A Rare Entity. J Contemp Dent 2015;5(3):184-187.
Everything Then Made Sense
Authors: Carroll Tamar W.
Published: January 2016

This chapter explains how federally funded community organizing programs directed Williamsburg-Greenpoint residents' anger against the city government, allowing the neighborhood to evade the violent white racial backlash against the school busing that broke out in nearby Canarsie in 1972. Building on this mobilization and using War on Poverty funds, MYF social worker Jan Peterson worked closely with a group of Italian American women to open the neighborhood's first day care and senior citizens' center—Small World Day Care and the Swinging Sixties Senior Center. The two became a contentious project opposed by many male leaders in the neighborhood—one that drew women to join the National Congress of Neighborhood Women (NCNW), which Peterson founded in Brooklyn in 1974.
Cruel Beginnings { 1798–1812 }
Authors: Gura Philip F.
Published: January 2016

This chapter focuses on William Apess's early life. In A Son of the Forest, written when he was thirty-one, Apess claimed that he was a descendant of one of the principal chiefs of the Pequod tribe. Apess was not born on one of the Pequot reserves established in the colonial period but in the northwestern Massachusetts town of Coleraine (now Colrain), in Franklin County. This chapter first provides an overview of the history and culture of the Pequot Indians before discussing Apess's early years and his genealogy, including a background on his father, William Apes. It then considers the Apes family's relocation to Colchester, Connecticut, and Apess's first formal schooling. It also describes the abuse experienced by Apess at his grandmother's home and his rescue by David Furman, who adopted him. Finally, it examines Apess's initial exposure to Christianity and his discovery of Methodism.
Last Things
Authors: Hurt R. Douglas
Published: January 2016

This chapter discusses the aftermath of the collapse of agriculture in the Confederacy following the end of the Civil War. The winter of 1864–1865 brought despair and the realization that the military and agricultural power of the Confederates had vanished. Hunger persisted, food prices soared, and resentment festered against the government for the impressment of agricultural provisions, mandated low prices for army purchases, and the tax-in-kind, as well as for the impressment of slaves and conscription policies. The rest of this chapter examines the uncertain future of farmers and planters across the South after the war; the problems that southern farmers had to deal with in the postwar era, including livestock diseases; how white farmers and planters struggled to adjust to a new order for agricultural labor; and the transition from slavery to freedom in the Confederacy.
Family and Freedom in the Neighborhood
Authors: Maris-Wolf Ted
Published: January 2016

This chapter examines the varying implications of state-sanctioned freedom and self-enslavement for blacks in antebellum Virginia, and explores the ways in which these impacted their families, communities, and opportunities as free citizens. Though free people of color in the antebellum South were designated “free negro” or “free person of color” in official records that described them, individuals who possessed such labels might not have shared a single definition of freedom, as the contours and limits of one's liberty were shaped largely by individual circumstance. Those who were free shared above all the fact that they were not enslaved, that they were not the legal property of another—a significant and meaningful distinction in Virginia society.
To Liberia and Back
Authors: Maris-Wolf Ted
Published: January 2016

This chapter discusses a trend of “experimentalist” manumissions wherein emancipated slaves were sent to Liberia, then a colony under the supervision of the American Colonization Society (ACS). By carefully directing how the slaves were to be emancipated, transported to Liberia, and then supported there for a limited time, the slaves were buffered from the worst effects of the slave system—sale, relocation, and physical punishment. These experimentalists were also notable for committing themselves to keeping enslaved families together, as opposed to the common practice of dividing up the slaves among the deceased master's heirs. After the Civil War, many of the slaves in Liberia would find themselves emancipated a second time—from a conditional slavery that, unlike their first, would bring liberty to them and all their friends and family.
The Barber of Boydton
Authors: Maris-Wolf Ted
Published: January 2016

This chapter tells the story of Watkins (Watt) Leigh Love, an influential man who had gotten his start as the barber of Boydton and then amassed a small fortune as a self-enslaved entrepreneur. Like many black leaders who rose to prominence in the state during Reconstruction, Watt Love was wealthy, literate, light-complexioned, professionally successful, and had been a free man before the war. Throughout the Reconstruction period and into the 1880s, Watt Love worked tirelessly to help create a black political machine known as “the Court House clique,” a powerful grassroots organization that bridged racial lines in electing Ross Hamilton to the Virginia House of Delegates and keeping him there. Hamilton would later become the longest-serving African American representative in the Virginia legislature in the nineteenth century.
Conclusion
Authors: McMahon Cian T.
Published: January 2016

This concluding chapter discusses the continuing development of Irish global nationalism, more specifically identifying it as a multivalent discourse, featuring a paradoxical blend of ethnic solidarity and civic pluralism. The story of Irish nationalism thus presents some very powerful implications for modern history, as the Irish identity remains mutable in the face of social dislocation. Coupled with the prevalence of the nineteenth-century popular press (and its successor in the Internet), the Irish diaspora becomes a discourse on modern society, where questions of race, skin color, nationality, and so on, often fail to fit into neat categories of belonging and identity. Ultimately, race and nations become mere social constructs designed to express and legitimize power relations.
Inside Madrasas
Authors: Moosa Ebrahim
Published: January 2016

This book explores the impact of Muslim seminaries, or madrasas, on security issues and political stability on the Indo-Pakistan subcontinent, with special reference to Sunni institutions. In one sense it is a primer about the role played by the madrasas in the cultural, intellectual, and religious experiences of Muslims in the present and past. In another sense it is about the multiple narratives of salvation within madrasa orthodoxy. Madrasas specialize in the study of classical theological and legal texts as well as commentaries on the Qur'an. They place special emphasis on studying the life and teachings of Islam's prophet, Muhammad, and are engrossed in complex details as to how rules and morals should regulate public and private conduct according to religious norms. This book also considers how 9/11 catapulted the term “madrasa” into media currency but without coming to terms with the reality of this religious institution.
Real and Imagined Representations of (Afro-)Cubanness and Latinness
Authors: Abreu Christina D.
Published: January 2016

This chapter considers how the lived realities of Cuban migrants and musicians intersected with symbolic, mass-mediated representations of Cubanness and Latinness, by examining the careers of Desi Arnaz, Machito, Miguelito Valdés, and Perucho Irigoyen. It specifically draws from the autobiography of Desi Arnaz, titled A Book: The Outspoken Memoirs of “Ricky Ricardo”—The Man Who Loved Lucy (1976). The juxtaposition of Arnaz's career and that of his most famous character Ricky Ricardo in I Love Lucy provides key similarities and vital differences in the migration and work experiences of these entertainers, both real and imagined, especially in terms of their early participation in the entertainment industry, their understanding of themselves as laborers and celebrities, the locations and settings of their musical performances, and their responses to self-representations and stereotypes that cast them variously as “Cuban,” “Afro-Cuban,” and “Latin.”
The Victims of Southern Mob Violence
Authors: Bailey Amy Kate , Tolnay Stewart E.
Published: January 2016

This chapter presents a summary and the main conclusions of the present study. One general conclusion is that lynch victims were a heterogeneous group. Therefore, we must be cautious about considering a portrait of African American male victims based solely on their average characteristics. While the average black male victim was twenty-nine or thirty-two years of age, some victims were old men and others were young boys. A majority of victims were illiterate, but 45 percent could read and write. Most victims held unskilled occupations and lived on rented farms, but some were skilled workers who owned their nonfarm dwelling. A comparison of the personal characteristics of victims and non-victims offers support for Roberta Senechal de la Roche’s theoretical perspective emphasizing the social marginality of victims. Black men who were married and the head of their household enjoyed a lower likelihood of victimization compared to men who were not married and/or household heads. And that advantage prevailed in most settings throughout the South. Also supporting Senechal de la Roche’s theory is the finding that men who experienced lifetime interstate migration suffered from a significantly greater likelihood of victimization than did men who had not moved across a state line, at least in some contexts.
Unlikely Heroes
Authors: Babiracki Patryk
Published: January 2016

This chapter focuses on Moscow's failure to co-opt Polish officials and writers by letting the latter publish contemporary Polish fiction in the USSR. In the popular press, the Soviet authorities encouraged the masses to think of socialist Eastern Europe as a source of pride. But the Soviet reading public was unlikely to learn about the new empire from the East European writers themselves, or from the heroes of their novels. Similarly, the heroic efforts of Soviet soft-power advocates in Poland also went largely unnoticed and unrewarded. Still, the Soviet-Polish efforts to publish new Polish belles lettres in the USSR are historically revealing in three ways. First, they expose the systemic tethers of Stalinism, which forced the Kremlin to ignore the long-term consequences of depriving East European writers of opportunities to publish their works in the USSR. Second, the abortive cultural exchange reveals the severe limitations of the vast Soviet empire in advancing cultural reciprocity. Finally, failed as they were, the attempts to establish reciprocity further underscore the limited utility of “Sovietization” as the dominant analytic category to make sense of Soviet-East European cultural interactions even during the apex of Stalinism.
Intimate Spaces
Authors: Berrey Stephen A.
Published: January 2016

This chapter discusses H. A. Scott Sr.'s childhood memoirs, in the Mississippi Delta town of Yazoo City, concerning the dividing space of their places. He recalls that some places had a double-sided door, two entrances side by side, “one for white and one for black.” The doors then opened into a larger area divided only by a row of stools separating the space for whites and the space for blacks. His description captures a compelling visual image of the geography of segregation. On the one hand, the stools hint at the significance of lines, important enough that in the absence of a full wall, something tangible was deemed necessary to divide these two spaces. On the other hand, one might wonder about a line of stools' qualifications for being a barrier. Thus, the stools nonetheless preserved a black presence and a white presence within an area allowing for a separated togetherness.
Jim Crow Audiences
Authors: Berrey Stephen A.
Published: January 2016

This chapter narrates the account of Emmett Till, a fourteen-year-old boy who had been kidnapped and found dead in the Tallahatchie River, with a cotton gin fan tied around his neck. In particular, it explores the initial encounter of Till at a country store with two whites—Carolyn Bryant and her husband, Roy—who had murdered him. The interactions of the three in this encounter shared a fundamental performative component that guided daily life in Jim Crow Mississippi—the localized, informal, and yet seemingly ever-present surveillance of a white audience. In Wright's Jim Crow performer-audience racial relations, Till, as a performer, was unaware of the extent of the white audience watching him. He delivered the wrong performance, and the Bryants responded with violence, leading to his death.
The Evolution of the Lost Cause
Authors: Brown Thomas J.
Published: January 2016

This chapter focuses on two monuments in South Carolina, a marble statue honoring fallen Confederate soldiers and a bronze statue honoring Confederate women. The soldier monument declares that it has been “ERECTED BY THE WOMEN OF SOUTH CAROLINA.” The monument to women answers that it was “REARED BY THE MEN OF THE STATE.” Together, these monuments naturalize the South Carolina statehouse and situate the public realm in a timeless order of sexual differentiation and harmony epitomized by the gendering force of war. The monuments also invite fuller examination of the Lost Cause as a public culture through which white southerners debated shifting interpretations of manhood and womanhood. The chapter argues that the application of evolutionary theory to Confederate remembrance accommodated considerable internal conflict and provided a historical synthesis for a wide range of racial, gender, religious, and class dynamics. The process of modernization invigorated the Lost Cause as an organic social myth.
The Steampunk Confederacy
Authors: Brown Thomas J.
Published: January 2016

This chapter focuses on the Hunley submarine, which had sunk nose-first into the floor of Charleston Harbor on October 15, 1863, taking its captain and crew with it. The Hunley became one of the most important vehicles through which Confederate memory addressed the process of technological change. The insistence of millennial Confederate memory that the Hunley was “literally fifty years ahead of her time” closely resembled the simultaneous steampunk fad, which used the mid-nineteenth century as a standpoint from which to imagine futuristic contraptions historically realized in later periods and different forms. Adapted from a steam boiler, the hand-cranked vessel aptly fit the pseudo-Victorian aesthetic. The promotion of the fish-boat addressed a culture enthralled by new devices for communication and entertainment. Once more aligning commemoration with technological change, South Carolina relaunched the H. L. Hunley as the flagship of the steampunk Confederacy.
Striped Pants and Empty Heads
Authors: Gallman J. Matthew
Published: January 2016

This chapter discusses the satirical figures that characterized wartime literature. At the onset of the Civil War, the newspapers and periodicals accorded the war its due solemnity, though it wasn’t long before they began lampooning themselves as well as the ridiculous behavior of those staying behind on the home front. The press published articles, cartoons, and other such literature mocking the wartime hypocrite who, while embroiled in patriotic fervor at home, would find every excuse to avoid enlisting in the conflict. Through characters such as oblivious swells, foolish journalists, silly women, and innocent children, northern cartoonists and other satirists commented on the fundamental gap between the horrors of “the real war” and the seemingly harmless pageantry imagined by the nation’s citizenry who were safely ensconced at home.