bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ХИМИЧЕСКИ ИНДУЦИРОВАННЫЕ ЛЕЧЕБНЫЕ СУДОРОГИ В ПСИХИАТРИИ – ПРЕДШЕСТВЕННИКИ ЭЛЕКТРОСУДОРОЖНОЙ ТЕРАПИИ (К 80-ЛЕТИЮ ЭЛЕКТРОСУДОРОЖНОЙ ТЕРАПИИ): НАУЧНЫЙ ОБЗОР
Authors: Bykov Yuriy Vitalevich , Bekker Roman Aleksandrovich
Published: August 2018

Цель исследования: Представить читателю исторический обзор о химически индуцированных (камфорных, кардиазоловых и триазоловых) лечебных судорогах, как предшественниках современной электросудорожной терапии (ЭСТ), об истории открытия этого метода, о механизмах его лечебного воздействия, сравнительной эффективности и безопасности в сопоставлении с ЭСТ, причинах забвения и отказа, и напомнить об уникальной высокой эффективности ЭСТ в лечении депрессий и кататонии, непревзойдённой до сих пор.Методология проведения работы: Мы провели поиск исторической литературы о лечебном применении химически индуцированных судорог с использованием PubMed, Google Scholar, Science Direct и Web of Science, а также библиографических списков в статьях Википедии и монографиях, посвящённых ЭСТ. Найденные источники были нами обработаны, обобщены и представлены в настоящем обзоре.Результаты: Полученные нами в результате составления настоящего обзора литературные данные свидетельствуют о том, что химически индуцированные судороги действительно обладали лечебным воздействием при ряде психических расстройств (в частности, депрессиях, маниакальных и смешанных состояниях, шизофрении, кататонии), обладали эффективностью и безопасностью, сопоставимой с тогдашней немодифицированной ЭСТ, и при меньшем потенциале вызывания когнитивных нарушений. Химически индуцированные лечебные судороги не только послужили предтечей для изобретения ЭСТ, но и позволили устранить существовавший до начала XX века терапевтический нигилизм в отношении возможностей лечения психических заболеваний, что создало предпосылки для дальнейшего развития исследований в этой области и для последующего зарождения психофармакотерапии. Более того, сама идея химической индукции лечебных судорог с использованием более безопасных агентов и в модифицированной форме (с премедикацией, общей анестезией, миорелаксантами и искусственной вентиляцией лёгких) сохраняет свою привлекательность и сегодня.Область применения результатов: результаты нашего обзора свидетельствуют о высоком терапевтическом потенциале современной модифицированной ЭСТ, как наследницы кардиазоловой судорожной терапии, в лечении тяжёлых и резистентных форм психических заболеваний, и о том, что современная модифицированная ЭСТ заслуживает гораздо более широкого применения в психиатрии.
ПОРОГОВЫЕ ЗНАЧЕНИЯ ОКРУЖНОСТИ ТАЛИИ, ОПРЕДЕЛЯЮЩИЕ РИСК МЕТАБОЛИЧЕСКОГО СИНДРОМА У МУЖЧИН И ЖЕНЩИН РЕСПУБЛИКИ ХАКАСИЯ
Authors: Berseneva Olga Alexandrovna , Ageeva Elizaveta Sergeevna
Published: August 2018

Цель исследования – определить пороговые значения окружности талии для идентификации метаболического синдрома среди населения Республики Хакасия.Материал и методы. Обследовано 300 пациентов с метаболическим синдромом (50 (42–54) лет). Группу контроля составили 100 здоровых доноров (43 (36–47) лет). Обследованные были представлены 2 группами – хакасами и европеоидами, проживающими в Республике Хакасия.Включение пациентов в исследование осуществлялось с учетом критериев метаболического синдрома JIS (2009). Оценивали антропометрические показатели, артериальное давление, уровни холестерина, липопротеинов высокой и низкой плотности, триглицеридов, гликемии натощак. Статистическую обработку результатов исследования проводили с использованием пакета «BioStat».Результаты. В ходе исследования получены результаты порогового значения окружности талии для идентификации метаболического синдрома. Для определения метаболического синдрома у женщин хакасок точка разделения Cut-off составила 74 см (Se – 98,8%, Sp – 93,75%), площадь под кривой AUC – 0,99, у женщин-европеоидок – 84 см (Se – 100%, Sp – 100%), площадь под кривой AUC – 0,97. Пороговое значение окружности талии для мужчин хакасов с метаболическим синдромом составило 92 см (Se – 100%, Sp – 100%), площадь под кривой AUC – 1,0, у мужчин-европеоидов – 96 см (Se – 100%, Sp – 100%), площадь под кривой AUC – 0,99.Заключение. Таким образом, у пациентов с компонентами метаболического синдрома были определены пороговые значения окружности талии для идентификации метаболического синдрома. Полученные результаты свидетельствуют о наличии этнических различий в патогенезе метаболических нарушений у мужчин и женщин Республики Хакасия.
ПРОБЛЕМА ТЕРРОРИЗМА И МЕДИЦИНСКАЯ ПОМОЩЬ ПОСТРАДАВШИМ (НАУЧНЫЙ ОБЗОР)
Authors: Dubinkin Vladimir Alexandrovich , Khaliman Anna Sergeevna
Published: August 2018

Ежегодно увеличивается количество актов агрессии, приводящих к гибели людей и порождающих нестабильность в обществе. Согласно положению военной доктрины РФ, в мире ожидается увеличение частоты применения высокоточного оружия. Одновременно одной из основных внешних опасностей является быстрое распространение международного терроризма, из-за которого страдает в большей степени мирное население.Цель настоящей работы – выявление современных тенденций явления терроризма и анализ работы модели бригадного оказания психолого-психиатрической помощи пострадавшим.Результаты. В настоящей статье обоснована необходимость начала медицинской реабилитации пострадавших непосредственно на месте совершения теракта и доказана эффективность бригадной модели оказания психолого-психиатрической помощи. Раскрыты особенности диагностики острых стрессовых реакций у пострадавших и свидетелей террористических актов, подчеркнута важность этих знаний для узкоспециализированных врачей.Заключение. Результаты работы психолого-психиатрических бригад доказали эффективность модели бригадного оказания экстренной психологической помощи.
ВОЗМОЖНОСТИ ПОЗИТРОННО-ЭМИССИОННОЙ ТОМОГРАФИИ В ДИАГНОСТИКЕ ЗЛОКАЧЕСТВЕННЫХ ОПУХОЛЕЙ ГОЛОВНОГО МОЗГА (обзор литературы)
Authors: Ivashchenko Igor Mikhaylovich , Shnyakin Pavel Gennadevich , Kataeva Anna Andreevna , Pavlova Irina Sergeevna , Grigoryan Knarik Vrezhovna , Shirvanyan Mariya Andranikovna
Published: August 2018

В диагностике новообразований на дооперационном и послеоперационном этапах позитронно-эмиссионная томография (ПЭТ) является самым информативным методом лучевой диагностики, основным преимуществом которого является определение не только структуры и локализации опухолей (как в случае МРТ – магнитно-резонансная томография и МСКТ – мультиспиральная компьютерная томография), но также и метаболических процессов в них, что дает возможность диагностировать опухолевый процесс на самых ранних сроках, а также разграничить продолженный рост опухоли от псевдопрогрессии на фоне постлучевых некрозов. В настоящее время существует достаточно широкий спектр радиофармпрепаратов, используемых для ПЭТ, при этом наибольшее клиническое значение находят 18F-ФДГ и 11С-МЕТ (18F-фтордиоксиглюкоза и 11С-метионин). В представленном обзоре описывается место позитронно-эмиссионной томографии в диагностике злокачественных опухолей головного мозга, а также указывается на чувствительность разных радиофармпрепаратов при разной патологии головного мозга, что имеет важное значение при все более широком внедрении данного метода диагностики в клиническую практику.
Prospective Randomized Evaluation of Preoperative Angiotensin‐Converting Enzyme Inhibition (PREOP‐ACEI)
Authors: Shiffermiller Jason F. , Monson Benjamin J. , Vokoun Chad W. , Beachy Micah W. , Smith Michael P. , Sullivan James N. , Vasey Andrew J. , Guda Purnima , Lyden Elizabeth R. , Ellis Sheila J. , Pang Huiling , Thompson Rachel E.
Published: August 2018

BACKGROUND

Intraoperative hypotension is associated with an increased risk of end organ damage and death. The transient preoperative interruption of angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitor (ACEI) therapy prior to cardiac and vascular surgeries decreases the occurrence of intraoperative hypotension.

OBJECTIVE

We sought to compare the effect of two protocols for preoperative ACEI management on the risk of intraoperative hypotension among patients undergoing noncardiac, nonvascular surgeries.

DESIGN

Prospective, randomized study.

SETTING

Midwestern urban 489‐bed academic medical center.

PATIENTS

Patients taking an ACEI for at least six weeks preoperatively were considered for inclusion.

INTERVENTIONS

Randomization of the final preoperative ACEI dose to omission (n = 137) or continuation (n = 138).

MEASUREMENTS

The primary outcome was intraoperative hypotension, which was defined as any systolic blood pressure (SBP) < 80 mm Hg. Postoperative hypotensive (SBP < 90 mm Hg) and hypertensive (SBP > 180 mm Hg) episodes were also recorded. Outcomes were compared using Fisher's exact test.

RESULTS

Intraoperative hypotension occurred less frequently in the omission group (76 of 137 [55%]) than in the continuation group (95 of 138 [69%]) (RR: 0.81, 95% CI: 0.67 to 0.97, P = .03, NNH 7.5). Postoperative hypotensive events were also less frequent in the ACEI omission group (RR: 0.49, 95% CI: 0.28 to 0.86, P = .02) than in the continuation group. However, postoperative hypertensive events were more frequent in the omission group than in the continuation group (RR: 1.95, 95%: CI: 1.14 to 3.34, P = .01).

CONCLUSION

The transient preoperative interruption of ACEI therapy is associated with a decreased risk of intraoperative hypotension.

REGISTRATION

ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT01669434.
Marx: 200 anos – A teoria, a política e a educação | Marx: 200 Years – Theory, Politics and Education
Authors: Ciavatta Maria
Published: August 2018

Este texto trata do materialismo histórico, fundamento do projeto “Da História da Educação à História do Trabalho-educação – A fotografia como fonte de pesquisa” (CNPq). Destina-se a argumentar sobre a atualidade do pensamento de Marx na comemoração dos 200 anos de seu nascimento. Marx deixou uma teoria científica de interpretação da realidade e de produção do conhecimento; uma concepção de trabalho como fonte de conhecimento, de sociabilidade e de produtos; elaborou um método de crítica da economia política e uma concepção de história absolutamente inovadora para seu tempo, a história como produção social da existência. Deixou um legado escrito e falado aos trabalhadores sobre a nova sociedade, a comunista. Sem ser educador no estrito senso, sua concepção de educação tem por base a visão dos ser humano como um todo que, pela educação politécnica, deve chegar à superação do ser humano dividido entre o trabalho manual e o trabalho intelectual.Palavras-Chave: teoria; política; educação. Abstract − This text deals with historical materialism, the foundation of the project “From the History of Education to the History of Work-Education – Photography as a source for research” (CNPq). It is intended to argue about the actuality of Marx’s thought in the commemoration of the 200th anniversary of his birth. Marx left a scientific theory of interpretation of reality and production of knowledge; a conception of work as a source of knowledge, sociability, and products; elaborated a method of critique of political economy and an absolutely innovative conception of history for its time, history as the social production of existence. He left a written and spoken legacy to the workers about a new society: communist society. Without being an educator in the strict sense, his conception of education is based on the vision of the human being as a whole who, through a polytechnic education, must overcome the human division between manual labor and intellectual work. Keywords: theory; politics; education.
Polêmicas teóricas na análise marxiana do trabalho no Serviço Social | Theory polemics in the Marxian analysis of labor in social work
Authors: Degenszajn Raquel Raichelis
Published: August 2018

O objetivo deste texto é problematizar algumas polêmicas presentes no debate sobre o trabalho no Serviço Social, a partir da perspectiva marxiana da teoria do valor trabalho. Para enfrentar essas questões, o ponto de partida é o tensionamento entre projeto profissional e trabalho assalariado, que coloca para assistentes sociais os dilemas da alienação, uma vez que sua atividade é submetida ao poder dos empregadores, em grande parte o Estado, mas também organizações não governamentais e empresariais. O desafio consiste em apreender as formas pelas quais o trabalho de assistentes sociais ingressa (ou não) no reino do valor, no âmbito da sua inserção como trabalhadores assalariados do setor de serviços, que, com a mundialização e financeirização do capital, vem sendo sofrendo grande expansão e tornando-se fonte de novas formas de extração do valor. Palavras-Chave: Serviço Social; divisão social e técnica do trabalho; valor; trabalho em serviços. Abstract –This text’s objective is to problematize some controversies in the debate about labor in the area of social work, from the Marxian perspective of the labor theory of value. In order to address these issues, the starting point is the tension between professional project and paid work, which places social workers in the dilemmas of alienation, since their activity is submitted to the power of employers, largely the state, but also non-governmental organizations and business sectors. The challenge is to understand the ways in which the work of social workers enters (or not) the realm of value, within the framework of their insertion as salaried employees of the service sector, who, with the globalization and financialization of capital, have been experiencing great expansion and becoming a source of new forms of value extraction.Keywords: social work; social and technical division of labor; value; work in services.
Mulheres em movimento: militância investigativa na Zona Oeste do Rio de Janeiro | Women on the move: investigative militancy in the West Zone of Rio de Janeiro
Authors: MILITIVA Coletiva de Militância Investigativa da Z.O do RJ
Published: August 2018

É possível fazer pesquisa a partir dos saberes e dos conhecimentos que construímos dia a dia na lida com a terra, com a casa, com os nossos corpos, nossos territórios e na convivência com outras mulheres? Como sistematizamos os saberes e os conhecimentos de nosso dia a dia e os transformamos em instrumentos de leitura da realidade?Essas questões foram se anunciando para nós à medida que nos encontramos motivadas a levar adiante uma pesquisa militante para mapear os conflitos socioambientais e as alternativas insurgentes desde nossos territórios na Zona Oeste do Rio de Janeiro, partindo das vivências, dos olhares e das práticas das mulheres.
Gramsci e a Revolução Russa | Gramsci and the Russian Revolution
Authors: White Barbara
Published: August 2018

Resenha do livro LOLE, A.; GOMES, V. L. C.; DEL ROIO, M. (Orgs.). Gramsci e a Revolução Russa. 1 ed. Rio de Janeiro: Mórula Editorial, 2017. 272 p.
Gaining a Competitive Advantage by Integrating Islamic Values within Company Behavior
Authors: Alwi Syafaruddin
Published: August 2018

Dewasa ini terutama pengalaman di Indonesia, banyak sekali terjadi praktik-praktik bisnis yang tidak mengindahkan norma-norma etika ekonomi yang normal. Hasrat meraih keuntungan dan menjadi pemenang dalam persaingan pasar, seringkali tidak menggunakan strategi-strategi bisnis yang bertumpu pada nilai-nilai religius yang sebenarnya merupakan salah satu sumber keunggulan kompetitif bagi perusahaan. Tulisan ini membahas nilai-nilai dalam Islam yang bermanfaat bagi pengembangan kultur perusahaan. Nilai-nilai tersebut diintegrasikan melalui pembentukan karakter sumber daya manusia dalam perusahaan, yang digali dari sifat-sifat kepemimpinan Nabi Muhammad Saw dan ayat-ayat al-Qur'an yang relevan dengan topik sebagai dasar pembahasan. Impak yang diharapkan dari terbentuknya kultur yang Islami dalam perusahaan, akan menghasilkan produk-produk dan jasa-jasa yang valuable dan halal bagi pelanggannya.
Progress in research on the application of nursing models for breast cancer patients during the perioperative period
Authors: Nie Li-Ting , Yan Qiao-Yuan
Published: August 2018

Nursing models at home and abroad for breast cancer patients during the perioperative period were screened, including eight types of models: the nursing model guided by self-care theory, the plan–do–check–act cycle combined with the four-in-one model, the peer support nursing model, the nursing model guided by transcultural theory, the multidisciplinary cooperative nursing model, the knowledge–attitude–practice nursing model, the safe nursing management model, and the case nursing model. These models were analyzed and described with the aim of providing a reference for the clinical breast surgery nursing staff in China and for promoting the development of nursing in China for breast cancer during the perioperative period.
Reversible biliary occlusion in a small animal model: first description of a new technique
Authors: Richter Beate , Khodaverdi Semik , Bechstein Wolf Otto , Gutt Carsten N. , Krähenbühl Lukas , Schmandra Thomas C.
Published: August 2018

Background

Experimental models with reversible biliary occlusion resulted in a high mortality of the animals, up to 20–60% according to the literature. Our aim was to assess a safe and valid technique for reversible biliary occlusion with a low mortality.

Methods

We randomized 30 rats into two groups: with bile duct occlusion (BDO, n=18) and with sham manipulation of the extrahepatic bile duct (control, n=12). We used a removable vascular clip for temporary occlusion of the extrahepatic bile duct. The clip was removed on postoperative day (POD) 2. On POD 2, 3, and 5, we measured the hepatocellular injury and metabolic function markers in serum. Activation of mononuclear cells (HIS36) and expression of regeneration markers [cytokeratin 19, hepatic growth factor (HGF)-α, and HGF-β] were determined by immunohistochemistry.

Results

The survival rate was 96.67% (1/30); one animal died. The mortality in the BDO group was 6% (1/18) and that in the control group was 0% (0/12). BDO resulted in a sharp increase of hepatocellular injury and cholestatic parameters on POD 2 with a rapid decline till POD 3. Significantly strongest activation of Kupffer cells and expression of proliferation markers were found until POD 5 after BDO.

Conclusion

The clip technique is a safe, cheap, and valid method for reversible biliary occlusion with an extremely low mortality.
Antioxidant activity of carob seeds and chemical composition of their bean gum by– products
Authors: Mekhoukhe Aida , Kicher Houda , Ladjouzi Adidi , Medouni-Haroune Lamia , Brahmi Fatiha , Medouni-Adrar Sonia , Madani Khodir
Published: August 2018

Background

The carob (Ceratonia siliqua L.) is very old edible fruit, flavorful and often used in foods and beverages. In this present study the composition of phenolic compounds, the antioxidant activity and the production locust bean gum (LBG) of seeds grown in Algeria was explored.

Methods

The phenolic contents (total phenolics, total tannins, total flavonoids, condensed tannins and flavonols) and the antioxidant activity of the aqueous methanolic, ethanolic and acetonic extracts (70, 80 and 80v/v, respectively) of the seeds were determined using colorimetric methods. Furthermore, the carob bean gum from seeds was extracted and its chemical composition was evaluated.

Results

Aqueous acetonicextract of carob seeds give the highest contents of total phenolics, total flavonoids, flavonols, total tannins and condensed tannins which were 12.24±0.02, 1.33±0.01, 2.97±0.01, 4.29±0.2 and 0.53±0.01 mg/g of dry weight, respectively. The same extract showed also the best antioxidant activity in all assays compared to other extracts.
Experimental investigation of chicken feather fiber and crumb rubber reformed epoxy resin hybrid composite: mechanical and microstructural characterization
Authors: Verma Akarsh , Negi Pratibha , Singh Vinay Kumar
Published: August 2018

In this experimental investigation, the mechanical characterization and microstructure study of chicken feather fiber (CFF) and crumb rubber filled epoxy resin hybrid composite has been done. The surface of the fibers was treated with sodium hydroxide to improve the interphase bonding. Chicken feathers were taken in different weight percentages of 1, 3, 5 and 7. A composite was fabricated with epoxy resin using the hand lay-up technique. After conducting various mechanical tests in accordance with the ASTM standards, it was observed that 5 wt% of CFF recorded the optimum results. Hybrid composites were then fabricated with 5 wt% CFF and varying weight percentages of crumb rubber, i.e. 0, 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2 and 2.5. On the basis of mechanical testing conducted on hybrid composite, tensile strength, flexural strength and impact strength showed a significant improvement. The justification of trend was given through the microstructural tests, which were a scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction analysis. It was concluded that 1 wt% of crumb rubber with 5 wt% CFF hybrid composites showed the optimum results amongst various combinations. Thus, properties showed significant improvement in the case of hybrid composite as compared to pure fiber-based composite.
Neurofuzzy and Biogeography-Based Optimization of Bandwidth Granularity for PON Based on Optical Path Fragmentation
Authors: Kumar Ashok , Banga V. K. , Wason Amit
Published: August 2018

Passive optical network (PON) supported orthogonal frequency division multiplexing is a network that is designed for subsequent generation of optical networks. During this work, the proposed algorithm consists of neurofuzzy rules which update and control the minimum bandwidth allocation granularity

g

\left( g \right)

. In order to improve the quality of service, a biogeography-based optimization algorithm is introduced and a new fitness function is proposed which reduces the round trip time by enhancing the distribution scaling factor. Hence, the proposed work reduces the jitter and increases the throughput of the PON for fixed

g
=
1

g = 1

which enhances the network performance by 3.4 % and 1.23 %, respectively.
Regional differences of hypothermia on oxidative stress following hypoxia-ischemia: a study of DHA and hypothermia on brain lipid peroxidation in newborn piglets
Authors: Huun Marianne U. , Garberg Håvard T. , Buonocore Giuseppe , Longini Mariangela , Belvisi Elisa , Bazzini Francesco , Proietti Fabrizio , Saugstad Ola Didrik , Solberg Rønnaug
Published: August 2018

Background

Oxidative stress plays an important part in the pathophysiology of hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) and is reliably measured through prostanoids following lipid peroxidation of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs). The aim of the study is to measure oxidative stress in the prefrontal cortex, white matter and hippocampus in the brains of hypoxic-ischemic piglets treated with docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and therapeutic hypothermia (TH) and investigate the additive effects of DHA on hypothermia by factorial design.

Methods

Fifty-five piglets were randomized as having severe global hypoxia (n=48) or not (sham, n=7). Hypoxic piglets were further randomized: vehicle (VEH), DHA, VEH+hypothermia (HT) or HT+DHA. A total of 5 mg/kg DHA was given intravenously 210 min after the end of hypoxia. Brain tissues were analyzed using liquid chromatography triple quadrupole mass spectrometry technique (LC-MS). A two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was performed with DHA and HT as main effects.

Results

In the white matter, we found main effects of DHA on DH-isoprostanes (P=0.030) and a main effect of HT on F4-neuroprostanes (F4-NeuroPs) (P=0.007), F2-isoprostanes (F2-IsoPs) (P=0.043) and DH-isoprostanes (P=0.023).

In the cortex, the ANOVA analysis showed the interactions of main effects between DHA and HT for neurofuranes (NeuroFs) (P=0.092) and DH-isoprostanes (P=0.015) as DHA significantly reduced lipid peroxidation in the absence of HT. DHA compared to VEH significantly reduced NeuroFs (P=0.019) and DH-isoprostanes (P=0.010). No differences were found in the hippocampus.

Conclusion

After severe hypoxia, HT reduced lipid peroxidation in the white matter but not in the cortical gray matter. HT attenuated the reducing effect of DHA on lipid peroxidation in the cortex. Further studies are needed to determine whether DHA can be an effective add-on therapy for TH.
Distributional learning is error-driven: the role of surprise in the acquisition of phonetic categories
Authors: Olejarczuk Paul , Kapatsinski Vsevolod , Baayen R. Harald
Published: August 2018

Much previous research on distributional learning and phonetic categorization assumes that categories are either faithful reproductions or parametric summaries of experienced frequency distributions, acquired through a Hebbian learning process in which every experience contributes equally to the category representation. We suggest that category representations may instead be formed via error-driven predictive learning. Rather than passively storing tagged category exemplars or updating parametric summaries of token counts, learners actively anticipate upcoming events and update their beliefs in proportion to how surprising/unexpected these events turn out to be. As a result, rare category members exert a disproportionate influence on the category representation. We present evidence for this hypothesis from a distributional learning experiment on acquiring a novel phonetic category, and show that the results are well described by a classic error-driven learning model (Rescorla, R. A. & A. R. Wagner. 1972. A theory of Pavlovian conditioning: Variations in the effectiveness of reinforcement and nonreinforcement. In A. H. Black & W. F. Prokasy (eds.), Classical conditioning II: Current research and theory, 64–99. New York, NY: Appleton-Century-Crofts).
Three steps forward for predictability. Consideration of methodological robustness, indexical and prosodic factors, and replication in the laboratory
Authors: Foulkes Paul , Docherty Gerry , Hufnagel Stefanie Shattuck , Hughes Vincent
Published: August 2018

There is now abundant evidence that phonetic forms are shaped by probabilistic effects reflecting predictability or informativity. We outline a number of challenges for such work, where theoretical claims are often based on small differences in acoustic measurements, or interpretations of small statistical effect sizes. We outline caveats about the methods and assumptions encountered in many studies of predictability effects, particularly regarding corpus-based approaches. We consider the wide range of factors that influence patterns of variability in phonetic forms, taking a broad perspective on what is meant by “the message” in order to show that predictability effects need to be considered alongside many others, including indexical and prosodic factors. We suggest a number of ways forward to extend our understanding of the form-predictability relationship.
Predictability of stop consonant phonetics across talkers: Between-category and within-category dependencies among cues for place and voice
Authors: Chodroff Eleanor , Wilson Colin
Published: August 2018

The present study investigates patterns of covariation among acoustic properties of stop consonants in a large multi-talker corpus of American English connected speech. Relations among talker means for different stops on the same dimension (between-category covariation) were considerably stronger than those for different dimensions of the same stop (within-category covariation). The existence of between-category covariation supports a uniformity principle that restricts the mapping from phonological features to phonetic targets in the sound system of each speaker. This principle was formalized with factor analysis, in which observed covariation derives from a lower-dimensional space of talker variation. Knowledge of between-category phonetic covariation could facilitate perceptual adaptation to novel talkers by providing a rational basis for generalizing idiosyncratic properties to several sounds on the basis of limited exposure.
The crystal structure of dichlorido(1,3-dimesityl-1H-3λ4-imidazol-2-yl)(morpholine-κN)palladium(IV), C25H33Cl2N3OPd
Authors: Yang Jian
Published: August 2018

C25H33Cl2N3OPd, triclinic, P1̄ (no. 2), a = 10.2439(9) Å, b = 11.4323(9) Å, c = 11.9773(11) Å, α = 93.043(3)°, β = 94.892(3)°, γ = 114.364(2)°, V = 1267.07(19) Å3, Z = 2, R
gt(F) = 0.0212, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.0528, T = 173(2) K.
Commons and Environmental Regulation in History: The Water Commons Beyond Property and Sovereignty
Authors: Ingold Alice
Published: August 2018

Do commons outline a different way of considering historical forms of environmental regulation? Might they represent a sort of alternative, apart from the usual model of environmental law which rests on public authorities and forms of restrictions of private rights? In order to grasp the complex relationship between environmental law and history, it is essential to pay attention to the state’s radical transformation in the nineteenth century, especially the separation (and separate definition) of administration and the judiciary. This article aims to historicize the commons, but also the state in order to escape the projected shadow of public administration in considering environmental regulation. It looks into the commons’ ambiguous relations with history. A first point is to critically reconsider the opposition between commons and enclosure, inherited from Hardin’s thesis. A second point consists in deconstructing mythical accounts of stateless commons. This is done by relying on water commons — which are also a key example in Ostrom’s theory. Early histories of water commons by commoners provided the opportunity for a first version of commons’ history without the state. This ‘discovery’ of the water commons presented them as a pertinent response to the aporia of the private property system, but also to the dangers of keeping resources available to the administrative state, which appeared ill-suited to managing scarce natural resources. This positive development translated into a series of fascinating inquiries, undertaken from the 1800s to the 1880s in several places across Europe. They gave rise to the very first ethnogeographic descriptions of the commons’ functioning. It was in the context of very acute conflicts over access to the resource that this use of history became enshrined. The historical longevity of these irrigators’ communities was highlighted in order to defend their historical and customary rights against the administrative state’s will to regulate all water courses, which was more favorable to new users in water sharing. The resource’s ecological limit thus served to set boundaries to the administration’s intervention. Scarcity was a way to conceive of the resource as unavailable both for property and for state sovereignty. Protecting environmental resources through the courts was a way of conceiving a regulation based on the resource’s specific status, rather than on the will of subjects — whether private, collective or public.
Savagery, Civilization, and Property: Theories of Societal Evolution and Commons Theory
Authors: Schorr David B.
Published: August 2018

This article argues that modern commons theory has been substantially shaped by early modern ways of thinking about the evolution of civilizations. In particular, it has hewed closely to models that gelled in the Enlightenment-era works known as “stadial theory,” by authors such as Lord Kames and Adam Smith, and passed down to the twentieth century, to theorists including Garrett Hardin, Harold Demsetz, and Elinor Ostrom. It argues that stadial thinking reached modern commons theorists largely through the disciplines of anthropology and human ecology, paying particular attention to the debate among anthropologists over aboriginal property rights, colonial and international development discourse, and neo-Malthusian conservationism. The effects of stadial theories’ influence include a belief among many that private property represents a more advanced stage of civilization than does the commons; and among others a Romantic yearning to return to an Eden of primitive and community-based commons. Thus do deep cultural attitudes, rooted in the speculative thinking of an earlier age, color today’s theories — positive and normative — of the commons.
Expression of a functional recombinant vascular endothelial growth factor 165 (VEGF165) in Arabidopsis thaliana
Authors: Qiang Weidong , Feng Xue , Li Yixin , Lan Xinxin , Ji Kun , Sun Xiaoyu , Chen Xi , Li Haiyan , Du Linna , Yang Jing
Published: August 2018

Objective

Targeting the protein of interest to a particular tissue to achieve high-level expression is an important strategy to increase expression efficiency. The use of the plant seed oil body as a bioreactor can not only increase the amount of target protein, but also reduce the cost of downstream processing.

Methods

VEGF165 was expressed in Arabidopsis thaliana seeds via oilbody fusion technology. The pKO-VEGF165 vector was construted and transformed into A. thaliana seeds. T3 transgenic seeds was detected by SDS-PAGE and western blot methods. The cell activity was tested by MTT methods.

Result

The phaseolin promoter was used to drive seed-specific expression of the VEGF
165

gene in transgenic A. thaliana. The coding region of VEGF
165

was fused to the Arabidopsis oleosin sequence to target the protein to the oil bodies in the seeds of transgenic plants. The T-DNA region of recombinant plasmid pKO-VEGF165 was shifted to A. thaliana seeds via the floral-dip method. Protein was analyzed by electrophoresis and protein hybridization analyses. Finally, MTT assays showed that the oleosin-VEGF165 fusion protein played a part in the proliferation of HUVEC cells in vitro.

Conclusion

Oleosin-VEGF165 was successfully expressed and it had stimulated HUVEC cell proliferation activity.
Paul, the Law and Judaism: Stoification of the Jewish Approach to the Law in Paul’s Letter to the Romans
Authors: Holtz Gudrun
Published: August 2018

One of the major issues in Pauline studies of the last decades has been the picture of Judaism painted by Paul especially in his Letter to the Romans. To that end, scholarship first and foremost adduced contemporary Jewish sources without, however, reaching satisfactory results. The present paper, therefore, takes a different approach in that it works out the Stoic influence on Paul’s argumentation. To begin with, the Stoic character of the dilemma of the “I” in Rom 7:14–25, that wills the good, but fails to do so, is demonstrated. Thereupon, it is shown that Paul transfers insights of Stoic psychology not only to the Jewish-Adamitic “I” but also to Israel’s approach to the law that is reached by neither one. Paul in Romans, therefore, can be said to stoify the Jewish approach to the law which especially reflects in the formula “righteousness by works of the law”.
Early Safety and Efficacy of Sapien 3 20 mm Transcatheter Heart Valve Implantation in Small Japanese Body Size
Authors: Meguro Kentaro , Kakizaki Ryota , Hashimoto Takuya , Yanagisawa Tomoyoshi , Koitabashi Toshimi , Kitamura Tadashi , Ako Junya
Published: August 2018

Background: Transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) is effective in treating severe aortic stenosis in inoperable or high-risk surgical patients, however, the little is known about outcomes after Sapien 3 20 mm transcatheter heart valve (THV) implantation. The purpose of this study was to investigate the short term outcomes of Sapien 3 20 mm THV implantation in Japanese people with a small body size.

Methods: We retrospectively collected the hospital records of consecutive patients who underwent TAVI using the Sapien 3 20 mm THV between October 2016 and March 2017. Clinical and echocardiographic data from before and one week after TAVI were collected.

Results: Six Japanese patients (all female, mean age 89 ± 5 years, body surface area [BSA] 1.29 ± 0.16m2) received a Sapien 3 20 mm THV. All the procedures were feasible and successful, and the 30-day mortality rate was 0%. The functional class and the echocardiographic findings significantly improved (aortic valve area, 0.5 ± 0.1 cm2 to 0.8 ± 0.1cm2; mean pressure gradient, 55 ± 15 mmHg to 19 ± 7 mmHg; P = .043, respectively). However, the values of the indexed effective orifice area in all patients after Sapien 3 20 mm THV implantation were less than 0.85 cm2/m2, suggesting prosthesis-patient mismatch (PPM).

Conclusions: The implantation of a Sapien 3 20 mm THV was safe and effective in high surgical risk elderly Japanese patients with a small body size. PPM after Sapien 3 20mm THV may be prevalent among Asians with small body sizes. Careful clinical follow-up will be necessary after Sapien 3 20 mm THV implantation.
HEART CONDUCTION AND RHYTHM DISORDERS IN IKTAL EPILEPSY PERIOD: THE PREVALENCE AND PREDICTORS
Authors: Rubleva Y. V. , Serdyuk S. E. , Teryan R. А. , Davtyan K. V. , Burd S. G. , Drapkina O. M.
Published: August 2018

Aim.To assess the characteristics and prevalence of cardiac rhythm disorders in epilepsy patients during the iktal period, by long term ECG monitoring.

Material and methods.To the study, 79 patients included, age 18 to 51 y. o. with confirmed diagnosis of focal epilepsy with continuing attacks regardless the antiepilepsy treatment. For rhythm disorder screening, all patients underwent implanting of subcutaneous ECG monitors.

Results.Disorders of cardiac rhythm and conduction during the iktal period were found in 88,61% cases. Most prevalent were sinus tachycardia (59,5%, 47 cases), cardiac rhythm and conduction disorders (29%, 23 cases). In 9 cases (11,4%) there were no cardiac rhythm and conduction disorders registered. Also, the probable predictors found, of the disorders of cardiac rhythm in epilepsy patients. Patients gender, type of attacks, frequency, circadian specifics were the markers influencing the rate of iktal cardiac rhythm changes.

Conclusion.Sinus tachycardia, rhythm and conduction disorders are registered in most of patients during the iktal period and significantly more common in males, the patients with bilateral tonic and clonic seizures, serial course of the attacks and in the patients with sleep-related seizures. Evaluation of antiepilepsy treatment influence on the prevalence of iktal rhythm and conduction disorders did not reveal significant difference for none of the drug groups. Also, there was no significant differences in comparison of the studied parameters for polyand monotherapy by anticonvulsants.
RETROSPECTIVE EFFICACY ANALYSIS OF ACUTE VASOREACTIVE TEST AS A CRITERIA FOR SURGERY IN CHILDREN WITH INBORN LEFT-TO-RIGHT BLOOD SHUNTING AND PULMONARY ARTERIAL HYPERTENSION
Authors: Mullen A. , Butrous G. , Abzaliev K.
Published: August 2018

Aim. Retrospective analysis of efficacy of the acute vasoreactive test (AVRT) as a criteria for operability of children with inborn left-to-right blood shunting complicated by pulmonary arterial hypertension (IRLBS-PAH), by an experience of one center.

Material and methods. Retrospective analysis of the data of right heart chambers catheterization and echocardiographic study from 29 case histories of BS-PAH patients during 2012-2016. Results of AVRT are interpreted by modified Barst criteria (decline of pulmonary vascular resistance index, PVRI, and relation of PVRI to the index of systemic vascular resistance, SVR more than 20%, and the and PVRI <6 Wood units/m2 in PVR/SVR <0,3). In accordance with the results of AVRT, patients were selected to two main groups: group 1 — children with positive response, group 2 — children with negative response. After correction of the inborn defect in bith groups, following assessment of cardiovascular system condition was done by echocardiographical study in one week and one month. Metrics of echocardiography data was indexed. For the defect of interventricular septum (DIVS), indexation of the size was done via the relation to aortic root diameter, that was measured in parasternal position, longitudinal axis. Systolic pressure in the right ventricle was measured by the velocity of tricuspid regurgitation, measured in apical four-chamber position. Mean values with the standard deviation and p-values were calculated in R studio 2017 software, v.1.0.153.

Results. Among 29 patients, girls to boys relation was 4,8:1. Mean age 6,0±4,9 y. o. For group 1: median of DIVS 1,4 with the value of additional shunting 9,93±9,39 mm, baseline systolic pressure in the right ventricle (SPRV) 57,96±20,16 mmHg, in one month after surgery 38,96±14,16 mmHg. No complications registered. In the second group, median DIVS 0,4 with additional shunting 3,3±0 mm. Baseline SPRV 66,05±17,27 mmHg, with the decline in one month after transcatheter closure to 57,4±17,35 mmHg. During the early post-surgery period, in 2 patients of group 2 there was pulmonary crisis, treated with inhalatory iloprost.

 Conclusion. Acute vasoreactive test is effective criteria of operability assessment of inborn left-to-right blood shunting, complicated by pulmonary arterial hypertension, in pediatrics.
ROLE OF THE NOTCH1 GENE IN FORMATION OF AORTIC ANEURYSM
Authors: Irtyuga O. V. , Freilichman O. A. , Krivonosov D. S. , Malashicheva A. B. , Tarnovskaya S. I. , Uspenskiy V. Е. , Gordeev M. L. , Rotar O. P. , Kostareva A. A. , Moiseeva O. M.
Published: August 2018

Aim. To evaluate the impact of genetics in development of thoracic aneurysm in patients with tricuspid valve (TAV) and bicuspid aortic valve (BAV) based on the analysis and search for mutations in NOTCH1.

Material and methods. In the study, 60 patients included with the dilation of thoracic aorta more than 40 mm and 200 patients with no aortic pathology, included in the comparison group. All patients underwent echocardiographic assessment on Vivid 7 (GE, USA) equipment, by standard protocol. For molecular genetics we utilized the strategy of targeted mutation screening, including the analysis of 10 of 34 exones of the gene NOTCH1, performed with the direct sequencing.

Results. Patients with BAV were younger than those with no inborn defect. Arterial hypertension was verified only in every second BAV patient. Also, maximal rates of blood pressure were significantly lower in patients with inborn defects (р<0,02). As a result of genetic analysis in the studied group, in 9 patients with inborn defect and 2 patients with TAV there were 10 variants found of aminoacid replacement in 6 among 10 analyzed exones, of those 5 replacements — synonimic, and the mutation S2449R was found first time. Mutations P1227S, E1305K, R1279H and D1267N were found at the site of Notch1 protein binding with DLL4, of those 3 are highly pathogenic, that could influence the protein-protein interactions Notch1 with DLL4 leading to formation on aneurysm.

Conclusion. Mutations P1227S D1267, E1305K in the gene NOTCH1, being highly pathogenic, may lead to the changes of protein functioning via Notch signalling disorder, that is more characteristic for BAV patients.
CLINICAL CHRACTERISTICS OF PATIENTS AND RESULTS OF CATHETER ABLATION IN ATRIAL FIBRILLATION IN RUSSIA: SUBANALYSIS OF THE EUROPEAN REGISTRY 2012-2016
Authors: Mikhailov E. N. , Gasymova N. Z. , Bayramova S. А. , Kharats V. E. , Kachalkova O. N. , Dmitriev A. Yu. , Batalov R. E. , Morgunov D. P. , Silin I. A. , Aleksandrovskiy A. A. , Kryzhanovskiy D. V. , Romanov A. B. , Pokushalov E. A. , Lebedev D. S. , Kuznetsov V. A. , Kolunin G. V. , Zamanov D. A. , Chetverikov S. Yu. , Yashin S. M. , Popov S. V. , Ivanitsky E. A. , Gorkov A. I. , Mamchur S. E. , Bazaev V. A. , Shlyakhto E. V.
Published: August 2018

Aim. The results presented, of subanalysis of the catheter ablation (CA) registry in atrial fibrillation (AF) with the patients properties, specifics of CA and treatment results, in Russia comparing to European countries.

Material and methods. During 2012 to 2015, totally 3742 patients included to the registry, of those 477 in Russia. In 467 Russian patients (males 56,5%; mean age 58,5 y. o.) CA AF was done. During one year 392 patients were followed up. Minimum requirements to follow-up: routine ECG registration and non less than one contact after 12 months passed.

Results. In Russian patients there were more common obesity (46,1% and 29,2%, p<0,001), hypertension heart disease (40,2% and 22,8%, p<0,0001), coronary heart disease (31,7% and 16,2%, p<0,0001), chronic heart failure (67,3% and 13,0%, p<0,0001). In Russia the patients more commonly underwent primary CA (83,5% in Russia and 77,6% in European countries, p<0,05), more rare in Russia the cryoballoon ablation was done (3% and 18%, p<0,05). Generally adverse events were reported more rare in Russia (10,5% and 16,6%, p=0,0007), including cardiovascular adverse events (2,6% and 5,2%, p<0,05). Tachiarrhythmias recurs were diagnosed more rare in Russia, including by the subsutaneous ECG monitors (17% and 1,6% in other countries, р<0,001). Within the year of follow-up, full absence of tachiarrhythmias recurs in Russia was found in 65,8% of patients, in other countries — in 74,7% (р=0,0003).

Conclusion. In real clinical setting, high efficacy of CA AF was shown, resistant to antiarrhythmic therapy. In most of Russian patients there were cardiovascular comorbidities. There was lower rate of reported adverse events in Russian centers of interventional treatments.
UPPER MIDLINE INCISION IN RECIPIENTS OF DECEASED-DONORS LIVER TRANSPLANTATION
Authors: FONSECA-NETO Olival Cirilo Lucena da , AMORIM Américo Gusmão , RABELO Priscylla , LIMA Heloise Caroline de Souza , MELO Paulo Sérgio Vieira de , LACERDA Cláudio Moura
Published: August 2018

ABSTRACT Background: Liver transplant (LT) is the only effective and long-lasting option for patients with end-stage liver disease. Innovations and refinements in surgical techniques occurred with the advent of transplants with partial grafts and laparoscopy. Despite these modifications, the abdominal incision remains with only few changes. Aim: Demonstrate the experience with the upper midline incision in LT recipients with whole liver grafts from deceased donors. Methods: Retrospective study with patients submitted to LT. Data were collected from the recipients who performed the surgical procedure through the upper midline incision. Results: The upper midline incision was used in 20 LT, 19 of which were performed in adult recipients. The main cause was liver disease secondary to alcohol. Male, BMI>25 kg/m² and MELD greater than 20 were prevalent in the study. Biliary complications occurred in two patients. Hemoperitoneum was an indication for reoperation at one of the receptors. Complication of the surgical wound occurred in two patients, who presented superficial surgical site infection and evisceration (omental). Two re-transplant occurred in the first postoperative week due to severe graft dysfunction and hepatic artery thrombosis, which were performed with the same incision, without the need to increase surgical access. There were two deaths due to severe graft dysfunction after re-transplant in 72 h and respiratory sepsis with multiple organ dysfunction in the third week. Conclusion: The upper midline incision can be safely used in LT recipients with whole grafts from deceased donors. However, receptor characteristics and hepatic graft size should be considered in the option of abdominal surgical access.