bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Person‐centredness and its association with resident well‐being in dementia care units
Authors: Sjögren Karin , Lindkvist Marie , Sandman Per‐Olof , Zingmark Karin , Edvardsson David
Published: January 2013

Aim

To report a study of the relationship between person‐centred care and ability to perform activities of daily living, quality of life, levels of pain, depressive symptoms, and agitated behaviours among residents with dementia in residential care facilities.

Background

Standardized measurements of person‐centred care have not previously been used to investigate the relationship between person‐centred care and well‐being for residents with dementia in residential aged care units.

Design

This study had a cross‐sectional design.

Method

Staff and resident surveys were used in a sample of 1261 residents with dementia and 1169 staff from 151 residential care units throughout Sweden. Valid and reliable scales were used to measure person‐centredness and ability to perform activities of daily living, quality of life, levels of pain, depressive symptoms, and agitated behaviours in residents. All data were collected in May 2010.

Findings

Person‐centred care was correlated with residents' ability to perform activities of daily living. Furthermore, residents in units with higher levels of person‐centred care were rated as having higher quality of life and better ability to perform activities of daily living compared with residents in units with lower levels of person‐centred care.

Conclusions

There seems to be a relationship between person‐centredness, residents' ability to perform activities of daily living, and residents' quality of life. Further studies are needed to explain the variation of person‐centredness between units and the extent and ways this might impact on the quality of life and well‐being of frail older residents with cognitive impairments in clinical practice.
Patient attributions for cardiac events: predictors of physical and psychological recovery
Authors: Bennett Kymberley K. , Marte Ricardo M.
Published: January 2013

This study examined cardiac rehabilitation (CR) patients' causal attributions for their cardiac events, and used those attributions as predictors of cross‐sectional and prospective health status. Data were collected from 163 participants at the beginning and end of their CR programs. Results showed that patients' attributions can be categorized into controllable ones that are behavioral in nature, uncontrollable ones that are biological in nature, and a separate category for stress‐related causes. Findings showed that stress attributions at the beginning of CR were associated with engaging in healthy behaviors in the last month of CR, which, in turn, were positively associated with metabolic equivalence levels at the end of CR. Results imply a motivational component to believing that cardiac events are caused by stress.
Early sensory over‐responsivity in toddlers with autism spectrum disorders as a predictor of family impairment and parenting stress
Authors: Ben‐Sasson A. , Soto T. W. , Martínez‐Pedraza F. , Carter A. S.
Published: January 2013

Background:  Sensory over‐responsivity (SOR) affects many individuals with autism spectrum disorders (ASD), often leading to stressful encounters during daily routines.

Methods:  This study describes the associations between early SOR symptoms and the longitudinal course of restrictions in family life activities and parenting stress across three time‐points in families raising a child with ASD (n = 174). Covariates were child diagnostic severity, emotional problems, and maternal affective symptoms. At time 1 mean chronological age was 28.5 months. Children were administered the Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule (ADOS) and Mullen Scales of Early Learning (MSEL). Parents completed the Infant Toddler Sensory Profile (ITSP), Infant‐Toddler Social Emotional Assessment (ITSEA), Beck Anxiety Index (BAI), and the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Inventory (CES‐D) at time 1; and the Parenting Stress Index (PSI) and Family Life Impairment Scale (FLIS) at the three annual time‐points.

Results:  Latent Growth Curve Models indicated that higher SOR scores on the ITSP at time 1 were associated with higher initial levels of family life impairment and parenting stress and with a smaller magnitude of change over time. These associations were independent of severity of ADOS social‐communication symptoms, MSEL composite score, ITSEA externalizing and anxiety symptoms, and maternal affective symptoms as measured by the BAI and CES‐D. On average FLIS and PSI did not change over time, however, there was significant individual variability. Concurrently, SOR at time 1 explained 39–45% of the variance in family stress and impairment variables.

Conclusions:  An evaluation of SOR should be integrated into the assessment of toddlers with ASD considering their role in family life impairment and stress.
New eastern Pacific Ocean records ofHydrolagus melanophasma, with annotations of a juvenile female
Authors: Aguirre‐Villaseñor H. , Salas‐Singh C. , Madrid‐Vera J. , Martínez‐Ortiz J. , Didier D. A. , Ebert D. A.
Published: January 2013

Two new records ofHydrolagus melanophasma, one juvenile female from off the central Mexican coast and one adult male from off the coast of Ecuador, confirm the presence of this species throughout its known range in the eastern Pacific Ocean, from southern California, U.S.A., to Valdivia, Chile. This report gives a description and comparison of proportional measurements, head shape and colouration for juvenile and adultH. melanophasma. A taxonomic key to distinguish the eastern Pacific Ocean species ofHydrolagusis included.
Where Am I? A new case of developmental topographical disorientation
Authors: Bianchini Filippo , Palermo Liana , Piccardi Laura , Incoccia Chiara , Nemmi Federico , Sabatini Umberto , Guariglia Cecilia
Published: January 2013

Recently, developmental topographical disorientation (DTD) was described (Bianchini et al., 2010, J Clin Exp Neuropsychol, 20, 807–27; Iaria & Barton, 2010, Exp Brain Res, 206, 189–96; Iaria, Bogod, Fox, & Barton, 2009, Neuropsychologia, 47, 30–40) as a navigational deficit in the absence of neurological or psychiatric disorders. Here, we reported the case of a healthy subject who presented this disorder. Dr. WAI was a 29‐year‐old right‐handed man with normal development and no clinical history of neurological or psychiatric diseases who was affected by a very pervasive topographical orientation and navigational disorder. A neuroradiological exam confirmed the absence of structural and anatomical alterations of the brain. Dr. WAI was submitted to an extensive neuropsychological examination and to a battery of tests specifically developed to assess developmental topographical disorder. Using this battery, we analysed Dr. WAI's acquisition of navigational information and re‐orientation processes. He showed severe DTD accompanied by deficits of different cognitive processes directly or indirectly involved in navigational skills. Dr. WAI showed a deficit in developing cognitive maps, already found in previous cases, plus difficulties in evaluating distances and computing metric environmental features. He represents a further confirmation of the existence of DTD suggesting dissociations within the disorder related to the level of development of the ability to build cognitive maps and the association of different imagery deficits. Dr. WAI can help in shedding some light on the mechanisms underlying lack of development of navigational skills.
Turning Agents into Psychological Principals: Aligning Interests of Non‐Owners through Psychological Ownership
Authors: Sieger Philipp , Zellweger Thomas , Aquino Karl
Published: January 2013

Principals who delegate tasks to agents face the perennial challenge of overcoming agency problems. We investigate whether feelings of ownership among senior managers in the absence of formal ownership can align agents' interests with those of principals, thus turning agents into psychological principals. Using a moderated mediation model, we find that psychological ownership is positively related to company performance through the mediating effect of individual‐level entrepreneurial behaviour. We also find that the effect of psychological ownership on individual‐level entrepreneurial behaviour and, ultimately, company performance is weaker for high levels of monitoring compared to low levels. These findings offer important contributions to agency, psychological ownership, and entrepreneurship literatures.
Personality Change in the Oldest‐Old: Is It a Matter of Compromised Health and Functioning?
Authors: Berg Anne Ingeborg , Johansson Boo
Published: January 2013

The present longitudinal study investigates continuity and change in the personality dimensions of extraversion and neuroticism among the oldest‐old. Overall disease load, self‐rated health, functional capacity, impaired vision and hearing, self‐reported cognitive impairment, and measured cognitive status were tested for their role as potentially relevant late‐life predictors of personality change. The sample consists of 408 individuals aged 80–98 in the Swedish OCTO‐Twin Study who completed the Eysenck Personality Inventory at four measurement occasions during a 6‐year period. Growth curve analyses revealed an age‐related linear decrease in extraversion and stability in neuroticism. More extraverted individuals were more educated and perceived their health and cognition as better. Notably, only hearing impairment was found to be related to a steeper age‐related decline in extraversion. A life span developmental model focusing on health‐related changes can improve our understanding of personality change in late life.
Conservatives Anticipate and Experience Stronger Emotional Reactions to Negative Outcomes
Authors: Joel Samantha , Burton Caitlin M. , Plaks Jason E.
Published: January 2013

The present work examined whether conservatives and liberals differ in their anticipation of their own emotional reactions to negative events. In two studies, participants imagined experiencing positive or negative outcomes in domains that do not directly concern politics. In Study 1, 190 American participants recruited online (64 male, Mage = 32 years) anticipated their emotional responses to romantic relationship outcomes. In Study 2, 97 Canadian undergraduate students (26 male, Mage = 21 years) reported on their anticipated and experienced emotional responses to academic outcomes. In both studies, more conservative participants predicted they would feel stronger negative emotions following negative outcomes than did more liberal participants. Furthermore, a longitudinal follow‐up of Study 2 participants revealed that more conservative participants actually felt worse than more liberal participants after receiving a lower‐than‐desired exam grade. These effects remained even when controlling for the Big Five traits, prevention focus, and attachment style (Study 1), and optimism (Study 2). We discuss how the relationship between political orientation and anticipated affect likely contributes to differences between conservatives and liberals in styles of decision and policy choices.
Informational and Monetary Lobbying: Expert Politicians, Good Decisions?
Authors: FELGENHAUER MIKE
Published: January 2013

This paper finds that the strategic interaction between opposing interest groups depends on the decision maker's expertise. If the costs to provide information are sufficiently low, then the decision quality is nonmonotonic in the politician's expertise. An expert may attract less informational lobbying and make worse decisions than a politician who is ex ante endowed with less information and therefore less predisposed to a particular policy.
A review of the population dynamics of mule deer and black‐tailed deer Odocoileus hemionus in North America
Authors: Forrester Tavis D. , Wittmer Heiko U.
Published: January 2013

Mule deer and black‐tailed deer Odocoileus hemionus have exhibited marked population fluctuations throughout their range over the past century. The relative contributions of predation, forage availability and weather to observed population changes remain unclear and controversial.

We reviewed 48 studies on Odocoileus hemionus survival and predation from the past 30 years and quantified age‐specific vital rates, population growth rates (λ) and causes of mortality. We also evaluated the effect of environmental variables on variation in vital rates and the contribution of age‐specific survival to population growth.

Age‐specific survival (ϕ) was the most frequently studied population parameter. Odocoileus hemionus have lower and more variable fawn survival than other ungulate species (ϕsummer = 0.44, CV = 0.42; ϕannual = 0.29, CV = 0.67). Adult female survival conversely appeared to be high and stable throughout the geographical range of the species (ϕannual = 0.84, CV = 0.06). Observed low fawn survival appears to be compensated for by high fecundity rates.

Predation was the primary proximate cause of mortality for all age classes, and was an important source of summer fawn mortality and of mortality in multi‐prey, multi‐predator systems. However, predator removal studies suggest that predation is compensatory, particularly at high deer densities, and that nutrition and weather shape population dynamics.

We propose three models to explain local population dynamics of Odocoileus hemionus: (i) populations are limited by forage availability and weather; (ii) adult females are limited by forage availability, fawns are limited by forage availability and predation, and population growth is constrained by fecundity and fawn predation; and (iii) large changes in the abundance of predators or alternative prey change predation risk and destabilize population dynamics.

Future research should be focused on: the effects of age‐specific survival on population growth; possible interactions between predation, forage availability and weather; and the importance of multiple predator and prey species in shaping the population dynamics of Odocoileus hemionus.
Expression patterns and organization of the hsp70 genes correlate with thermotolerance in two congener endemic amphipod species (Eulimnogammarus cyaneus and E. verrucosus) from Lake Baikal
Authors: Bedulina D. S. , Evgen'ev M. B. , Timofeyev M. A. , Protopopova M. V. , Garbuz D. G. , Pavlichenko V. V. , Luckenbach T. , Shatilina Z. M. , Axenov‐Gribanov D. V. , Gurkov A. N. , Sokolova I. M. , Zatsepina O. G.
Published: January 2013

We studied various aspects of heat‐shock response with special emphasis on the expression of heat‐shock protein 70 (hsp70) genes at various levels in two congener species of littoral endemic amphipods (Eulimnogammarus cyaneus and E. verrucosus) from Lake Baikal which show striking differences in their vertical distribution and thermal tolerance. Although both the species studied demonstrate high constitutive levels of Hsp70, the thermotolerant E. cyaneus exhibited a 5‐fold higher basal level of Hsp70 proteins under normal physiological conditions (7 °C) and significantly lower induction of Hsp70 after temperature elevation compared with the more thermosensitive E. verrucosus. We isolated the hsp70 genes from both species and analysed their sequences. Two isoforms of the cytosolic Hsp70/Hsc70 proteins were detected in both species under normal physiological conditions and encoded by two distinct hsp/hsc70 family members. While both Hsp70 isoforms were synthesized without heat shock, only one of them was induced by temperature elevation. The observed differences in the Hsp70 expression patterns, including the dynamics of Hsp70 synthesis and threshold of induction, suggest that the increased thermotolerance in E. cyaneus (compared with E. verrucosus) is associated with a complex structural and functional rearrangement of the hsp70 gene family and favoured the involvement of Hsp70 in adaptation to fluctuating thermal conditions. This study provides insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying the thermal adaptation of Baikal amphipods and represents the first report describing the structure and function of the hsp70 genes of endemic Baikal species dwelling in thermally contrasting habitats.
Cycles of light and dark co‐ordinate reversible colony differentiation in Listeria monocytogenes
Authors: Tiensuu Teresa , Andersson Christopher , Rydén Patrik , Johansson Jörgen
Published: January 2013

Recently, several light receptors have been identified in non‐phototrophic bacteria, but their physiological roles still remain rather elusive. Here we show that colonies of the saprophytic bacterium Listeria monocytogenes undergo synchronized multicellular behaviour on agar plates, in response to oscillating light/dark conditions, giving rise to alternating ring formation (opaque and translucent rings). On agar plates, bacteria from opaque rings survive increased levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), as well as repeated cycles of light and dark, better than bacteria from translucent rings. The ring formation is strictly dependent on a blue‐light receptor, Lmo0799, acting through the stress‐sigma factor, σB. A transposon screening identified 48 mutants unable to form rings at alternating light conditions, with several of them showing a decreased σB activity/level. However, some of the tested mutants displayed a varied σB activity depending on which of the two stress conditions tested (light or H2O2 exposure). Intriguingly, the transcriptional regulator PrfA and the virulence factor ActA were shown to be required for ring formation by a mechanism involving activation of σB. All in all, this suggests a distinct pathway for Lmo0799 that converge into a common signalling pathway for σB activation. Our results show that night and day cycles co‐ordinate a reversible differentiation of a L. monocytogenes colony at room temperature, by a process synchronized by a blue‐light receptor and σB.
Spo0A regulates chromosome copy number during sporulation by directly binding to the origin of replication in Bacillus subtilis
Authors: Boonstra Mirjam , de Jong Imke G. , Scholefield Graham , Murray Heath , Kuipers Oscar P. , Veening Jan‐Willem
Published: January 2013

When starved, Bacillus subtilis cells can enter the developmental programme of endospore formation by activation of the master transcriptional regulator Spo0A. Correct chromosome copy number is crucial for the production of mature and fully resistant spores. The production and maintenance of one chromosome for the mother cell and one copy for the forespore requires accurate co‐ordination between DNA replication and initiation of sporulation. Here, we show that Spo0A regulates chromosome copy number by directly binding to a number of Spo0A binding sites that are present near the origin of replication (oriC). We demonstrate that cells lacking three specific Spo0A binding sites at oriC display increased chromosome copy numbers when sporulation is induced. Our data support the hypothesis that Spo0A directly controls DNA replication during sporulation by binding to oriC.
Staff perception of patient discharge from ICU to ward‐based care
Authors: James Stephen , Quirke Sara , McBride‐Henry Karen
Published: January 2013

Background

The quality of information exchange between intensive care unit (ICU) and ward nurses, when patients are transferred out of intensive care, is important to the continuity of safe care.

Aim

This research aimed to explore nurses' experiences of the discharge process from ICU to the ward environment.

Design

The study was conducted in a New Zealand Metropolitan hospital, using an exploratory descriptive design we adapted a questionnaire based on Whittaker and Ball's research on ICU patient handover.

Method

The questionnaires were then analysed using a descriptive thematic approach.

Results

The response rate of 48% included 45 ICU and 47 ward nurses. Key findings were that the written and verbal communication needs differ dependent upon setting and the timing of a discharge. Timing of handover also requires negotiation.

Conclusions

Being able to negotiate the timing and nature of handover is important for nurses. In addition, standardized approaches to communication are believed to enhance patient safety.

Relevance to clinical practice: Standardized handover, with content and processes that are mutually negotiated, is crucial to providing the safest environment for patients.
Efficacy and safety of lorcaserin in obese adults: a meta‐analysis of 1‐year randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and narrative review on short‐termRCTs
Authors: Chan E. W. , He Y. , Chui C. S. L. , Wong A. Y. S. , Lau W. C. Y. , Wong I. C. K.
Published: January 2013

Lorcaserin is a new anti‐obesity drug recently approved byUSFood and Drug Administration. We conducted a systematic review and meta‐analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) to evaluate the association of lorcaserin therapy with weight loss and adverse events in obese adults (18–65 years old). Weight loss of 3.23 kg (95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.70, 3.75) and body mass index reduction of 1.16 kg m−2(95%CI: 0.98, 1.34) was observed compared with placebo inRCTsof 1 year duration. The use of lorcaserin for 8 and 12 weeks reduced weight of 1.60 kg (95%CI: 0.34, 2.86) and 2.9 kg (95%CI: 2.2, 3.5), respectively. In comparison to placebo, lorcaserin decreased waist circumference, blood pressure, total cholesterol, low‐density lipoprotein‐cholesterol and triglycerides, however did not statistically affect heart rate or high‐density lipoprotein‐cholesterol. Headache, nausea and dizziness were found to be significantly higher in the patients receiving lorcaserin than patients receiving placebo, whereas diarrhoea is no more likely than in patients receiving placebo. In conclusion, lorcaserin achieves modest weight loss and appears to be well tolerated. Clinical and pharmacovigilance studies with longer study duration are needed to inform of the long‐term efficacy and safety of lorcaserin.
Manure management practices applied to a seven‐course rotation on a sandy soil: effects on nitrate leaching
Authors: Shepherd M. , Newell‐Price P.
Published: January 2013

This experiment tested whether it was possible to incorporate broiler litter (BL) or cattle farmyard manure (FYM) into a 7‐yr arable rotation on a sandy soil without causing an increase in nitrate‐nitrogen (NO3‐N) leaching. Four manure treatments (with adjusted fertilizer inputs), varying in frequency and timing of application, were imposed on the rotation and compared with a control that received inorganic fertilizer according to recommended rates. Over seven winters, the annual average NO3‐N leached from the inorganic fertilizer treatment (control) was 39 kg/ha in 183 mm drainage. Total manure N loadings over the period of the experiment ranged between 557 and 1719 kg/ha (80–246 kg/ha/yr) for the four treatments. Three of the four manure treatments significantly increased NO3‐N leaching over the rotation (P < 0.001). Annual applications of FYM (1719 kg/ha manure N or 246 kg/ha/yr) increased NO3‐N leaching by 39%. We hypothesize that this was due to increased mineralization of the organic N accumulating from repeated FYM applications. BL applied each year (1526 kg/ha manure N or 218 kg N/ha/yr) increased NO3‐N leaching by 52% above the control; BL applied 5 of 7 yr (972 kg/ha manure N or 139 kg N/ha/yr on average) and including inadvisable autumn applications increased leaching by 50%. BL applied in late winter or early spring every 2–3 yr (557 kg/ha manure N or 80 kg N/ha/yr on average) resulted in NO3‐N leaching similar to the control. This suggests that to avoid additional NO3‐N leaching from manure use in an arable rotation, manure should not be applied every year and autumn applications should be avoided; there are real challenges where manure is used on an annual basis.
Identification of a novel HLA‐DRB1 allele, DRB1*09:20, by sequence‐based typing in an unrelated bone marrow donor
Authors: Hommel‐Berrey G. A. , House K. D. , Backfish K. A. , Arnoff T. S. , Lobashevsky A. L.
Published: January 2013

The novel allele HLA‐DRB1*09:20 differs from HLA‐DRB1*09:01:02 by one nucleotide substitution at codon 9 (AAG‐>CAG) and differs from HLA‐DRB1*09:07 by one nucleotide substitution at codon 13 (TAT‐>TTT).
Serial evaluation of neutrophil function in tumour‐bearing dogs undergoing chemotherapy
Authors: LeBlanc A. K. , LeBlanc C. J. , Rohrbach B. W. , Kania S. A.
Published: January 2013

We hypothesized that neutrophil function in tumour‐bearing dogs is negatively impacted by chemotherapy. Flow cytometric techniques were used to assess neutrophil oxidative burst and phagocytic activities at baseline, 7 and 21 days after induction chemotherapy in 20 dogs with lymphoma. Dogs had a lower percentage of neutrophils exhibiting oxidative burst activity after stimulation withEscherichia coli(day 7;P = 0.009) and phorbol 12‐myristate 13‐acetate (PMA) (days 7 and 21;P = 0.0003 andP = 0.01, respectively), compared with healthy controls. From day 0 to 7, the percentage of neutrophils exhibiting oxidative burst activity decreased after stimulation withE. coli(P = 0.016) andPMA(P = 0.0006). Induction chemotherapy suppresses the percentage of neutrophils capable of oxidative burst in dogs with lymphoma, with improvement in phagocytic activity over time (P = 0.03). The impact of neutrophil dysfunction on incidence and severity of sepsis in dogs receiving chemotherapy should be investigated.
Building a dynamic growth model for trembling aspen in western Canada without age data
Authors: García Oscar
Published: January 2013

A biologically inspired whole-stand growth and yield model was developed for even-aged thinned or unthinned stands dominated by trembling aspen (Populus tremuloides Michx.). The estimation used permanent sample plot data from British Columbia, Alberta, Saskatchewan, and Manitoba, supplemented by published site index and young stand information. An ingrowth imputation procedure was devised to facilitate the use of plot measurements where small trees are not measured. Two published site index models were closely approximated by a simple age-base invariant equation. Good parameter estimates for mortality and basal area growth were obtained without using age observations, which were unreliable or missing. Four differential equations describe the dynamics of top height, trees per hectare, basal area, and a site occupancy factor. Current values of these variables are used to estimate total and merchantable volumes up to any diameter limit and diameter distribution parameters. When an independent source of site quality estimates is available, the final model does not require stand age knowledge for making growth and yield predictions.
Makarov potential in relativistic equation via Laplace transformation approach
Authors: Eshghi Mahdi
Published: January 2013

Exact solutions and corresponding normalized eigenfunctions of the Dirac equation are studied for the Makarov potential by using the Laplace transform approach under the pseudospin symmetry. By using the ideas of SUSY and shape invariance, we obtain the energy eigenvalues equation. The wave functions of the angle part are obtained by using the Nikiforov–Uvarov method, too. Finally, we also discuss the special cases of this potential and the valence energy states can be produced from our solution for the hole state by taking appropriate transformation of parameters.
GROWTH OF REES QUOTIENTS OF FREE INVERSE SEMIGROUPS DEFINED BY SMALL NUMBERS OF RELATORS
Authors: EASDOWN D. , SHNEERSON L. M.
Published: January 2013

We study the asymptotic behavior of a finitely presented Rees quotient S = Inv 〈A|ci= 0(i = 1, …, k)〉 of a free inverse semigroup over a finite alphabet A. It is shown that if the semigroup S has polynomial growth then S is monogenic (with zero) or k ≥ 3. The three relator case is fully characterized, yielding a sequence of two-generated three relator semigroups whose Gelfand–Kirillov dimensions form an infinite set, namely {4, 5, 6, …}. The results are applied to give a best possible lower bound, in terms of the size of the generating set, on the number of relators required to guarantee polynomial growth of a finitely presented Rees quotient, assuming no generator is nilpotent. A natural operator is introduced, from the class of all finitely presented inverse semigroups to the class of finitely presented Rees quotients of free inverse semigroups, and applied to deduce information about inverse semigroup presentations with one or many relations. It follows quickly from Magnus' Freiheitssatz for one relator groups that every inverse semigroup Π = Inv 〈a1, …, an|C = D 〉 has exponential growth if n > 2. It is shown that the growth of Π is also exponential if n = 2 and the Munn trees of both defining words C and D contain more than one edge.
FREE AND FORCED VIBRATION ANALYSIS USING THE n-SIDED POLYGONAL CELL-BASED SMOOTHED FINITE ELEMENT METHOD (nCS-FEM)
Authors: NGUYEN-THOI T. , PHUNG-VAN P. , RABCZUK T. , NGUYEN-XUAN H. , LE-VAN C.
Published: January 2013

A n-sided polygonal cell-based smoothed finite element method (nCS-FEM) was recently proposed to analyze the elastic solid mechanics problems, in which the problem domain can be discretized by a set of polygons with an arbitrary number of sides. In this paper, the nCS-FEM is further extended to the free and forced vibration analyses of two-dimensional (2D) dynamic problems. A simple lump mass matrix is proposed and hence the complicated integrations related to computing the consistent mass matrix can be avoided in the nCS-FEM. Several numerical examples are investigated and the results found of the nCS-FEM agree well with exact solutions and with those of others FEM.
PRODUCTION OF STABLE DISPERSIONS OF REDUCED GRAPHENE OXIDE USING INDOLE AS A REDUCTION AGENT
Authors: HUANG YING , LIU PANBO , WANG LEI
Published: January 2013

Stable dispersions of reduced graphene oxide (RGO) have been prepared by indole as a previously unreported reducing agent without employing any external stabilizing reagents. The obtained RGO can be individually dispersed in ethanol, N, N-dimethylformamide (DMF), N-methylpyrrolidone (NMP), dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO), tetrahydrofuran (THF) and isopropanol. Several analytical techniques including Atomic force microscopy, X-ray diffraction, UV-Vis spectra, Raman spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy indicate that a significant fraction of the oxygen-containing functional groups are removed, yields a C/O ratio as high as 7.4. The conductivity of RGO is 21.2 S/m and the thickness of RGO increases to 1.7 nm. Furthermore, this new reducing agent is of low toxicity, which makes the reduction much safer than hydrazine and this method is cost-effective to produce single-layered RGO on a large scale.
Immunological Aspects ofCandidaandAspergillusSystemic Fungal Infections
Authors: Mueller-Loebnitz Christoph , Ostermann Helmut , Franzke Anke , Loeffler Juergen , Uharek Lutz , Topp Max , Einsele Hermann
Published: January 2013

Patients with allogeneic stem cell transplantation (SCT) have a high risk of invasive fungal infections (IFIs) even after neutrophil regeneration. Immunological aspects might play a very important role in the IFI development in these patients. Some data are available supporting the identification of high-risk patients with IFI for example patients receiving stem cells from TLR4 haplotype S4 positive donors. Key defense mechanisms against IFI include the activation of neutrophils, the phagocytosis of germinating conidia by dendritic cells, and the fight of the cells of the innate immunity such as monocytes and natural killer cells against germlings and hyphae. Furthermore, immunosuppressive drugs interact with immune effector cells influencing the specific fungal immune defense and antimycotic drugs might interact with immune response. Based on the current knowledge on immunological mechanism inAspergillus fumigatus, the first approaches of an immunotherapy using human T cells are in development. This might be an option for the future of aspergillosis patients having a poor prognosis with conventional treatment.
Interleukin-1-Beta and Dyslipidemic Syndrome as Major Risk Factors for Thrombotic Complications in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Bădulescu Oana , Bădescu Codruţa , Ciocoiu Manuela , Bădescu Magda
Published: January 2013

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a complex disease characterized by chronic hyperglycemia, a known risk factor for accelerated atherosclerosis and vascular disease. The aim of this study was to show that the connection between DM and other risk factors, such as dyslipidemia, inflammatory phenomena, or the development of certain vascular injuries, leads to a high frequency of thrombotic events in diabetic patients compared to the nondiabetic population. The study included one hundred eighty patients divided in the following groups: diabetic without ischemic cardiopathy-related disorders (DM), diabetic with clinical or off-clinical (electrocardiogram, cardiac ultrasound) ischemic cardiopathy-related disorders (DM + IC), and nondiabetic with ischemic cardiopathy-related disorders (IC). We investigated the following parameters: von Willebrand Factor, HDL-cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, interleukin-1-beta, protein C, and plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1. The results achieved in our study have revealed the highest thrombotic risk among the groups of diabetic patients, which is in direct correlation with the high values of interleukin-1-beta and the modifications of lipid parameters, acknowledging the data in the literature, according to which hyperglycemia alters endothelial functions directly and indirectly by synthesis of growth factors and cytokines and generates metabolic disorders which would explain the high risk for thrombotic events.
Combining Oxymatrine or Matrine with Lamivudine Increased Its Antireplication Effect against the Hepatitis B VirusIn Vitro
Authors: Ma Zhi-Jie , Li Qi , Wang Jia-Bo , Zhao Yan-Ling , Zhong Yan-Wei , Bai Yun-Feng , Wang Rui-Lin , Li Jian-Yu , Yang Hui-Yin , Zeng Ling-Na , Pu Shi-Biao , Liu Fei-Fei , Xiao Da-Ke , Xia Xin-Hua , Xiao Xiao-He
Published: January 2013

Some recent clinical reports have shown that the combination of oxymatrine, a phyto-derived drug, with lamivudine (3TC) could improve its curative effect against hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. However, the experimental data in support of this combination strategy are lacking. In this study, we investigated the anti-HBV activity of the combination of 3TC and either oxymatrine or matrine on HepG2 2.2.15in vitro. The activities of the combination and the solo compound, each in different concentrations, were compared on the 3rd, 6th, and 9th experimental days. The cytotoxicity results showed that the nontoxic concentrations of both oxymatrine and matrine to HepG2 2.2.15 cells were 800 μg/mL. We found that the single use of oxymatrine below 100 μg/ml, matrine below 200 μg/ml, and 3TC below 30 μg/ml showed weak inhibitory effects on the secretion of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg), and HBV-DNA in culture media; the combination of 3TC (30 μg/ml) with oxymatrine (100 μg/ml) or matrine (100 μg/ml) showed significant inhibitory effects that were higher than or equivalent to the single use of 3TC at 100 μg/ml. The results provide a new impetus to develop novel, multicomponent anti-HBV drugs through the combination of natural products with nucleoside analogs to enhance their activity.
Mg(II) Selective PVC Membrane Electrode Based on Methyl Phenyl Semicarbazone as an Ionophore
Authors: Chandra Sulekh , Sharma Kusum , Kumar Adarsh
Published: January 2013

A PVC‐membrane‐based Mg(II) selective electrode was constructed using methyl phenyl semicarbazone (MPS) as a neutral carrier. The sensor exhibits a Nernstian response for Mg(II) ion over a wide concentration range 1.0 × 10−8  to  1.0 × 10−1 M with the slope of 28.4 mV/per decade having detection limit 1.7 × 10−9 M. It was relatively a fast response time (<10 s for concentration ≥1.0 × 10−3 and <15 s for concentration of ≥1.0 × 10−6 M) and can be used for 8 months without any considerable divergence in potentials. The proposed sensor revealed relatively good selectivity and high sensitivity for Mg(II) over a mono‐, di‐, and trivalent cation and can be used in a pH range of 1.0–9.5. It was also successfully used as an indicator electrode in potentiometer titration and in the analysis of concentration of magnesium in various real samples.
A Local Genetic Algorithm for the Identification of Condition‐Specific MicroRNA‐Gene Modules
Authors: Mu Wenbo , Roqueiro Damian , Dai Yang
Published: January 2013

Transcription factor and microRNA are two types of key regulators of gene expression. Their regulatory mechanisms are highly complex. In this study, we propose a computational method to predict condition‐specific regulatory modules that consist of microRNAs, transcription factors, and their commonly regulated genes. We used matched global expression profiles of mRNAs and microRNAs together with the predicted targets of transcription factors and microRNAs to construct an underlying regulatory network. Our method searches for highly scored modules from the network based on a two‐step heuristic method that combines genetic and local search algorithms. Using two matched expression datasets, we demonstrate that our method can identify highly scored modules with statistical significance and biological relevance. The identified regulatory modules may provide useful insights on the mechanisms of transcription factors and microRNAs.
Role of Bacterial Lipopolysaccharide in Enhancing Host Immune Response toCandida albicans
Authors: Rogers Helen , Williams David W. , Feng Gui-Jie , Lewis Michael A. O. , Wei Xiao-Qing
Published: January 2013

Human infections involving yeast of the genusCandidaoften occur in the presence of bacteria, and, as such, it is important to understand how these bacteria influence innate host immunity towardsCandida. Dectin-1 is a cell receptor of macrophages forCandida albicansrecognition. The aim of this study was to examine dectin-1 expression by monocytes after stimulation with bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS), followed by heat-killedC. albicans(HKC). Freshly isolated human peripheral blood monocytes (PBMCs) and human monocytes cell line (THP-1) cells expressed low levels of dectin-1. Stimulation with LPS and GM-CSF/IL-4 was found to increase dectin-1 expression in both CD14+human PBMC and THP-1 cells. Enhanced dectin-1 expression resulted in increased phagocytosis ofCandida. When THP-1 cells were challenged only with HKC, detectable levels of IL-23 were not evident. However, challenge by LPS followed by varying concentrations of HKC resulted in increased IL-23 expression by THP-1 cells in HKC dose-dependent manner. Increased expression of IL-17 by PBMC also occurred after stimulation withCandidaand LPS. In conclusion, bacterial LPS induces an enhanced immune response toCandidaby immune cells, and this occurs through increasing dectin-1 expression.
Experimental Determination of Cutting Power for Turning and Material Removal Rate for Drilling of AA 6061-T6 Using Vegetable Oils as Cutting Fluid
Authors: Shashidhara Y. M. , Jayaram S. R.
Published: January 2013

The raw and modified versions of two nonedible vegetable oils, Pongam (Pogammia pinnata) and Jatropha (Jatropha curcas), and a commercially available branded mineral oil are used as straight cutting fluids for turning AA 6061 to assess cutting forces. Minimum quantity lubrication is utilized for the supply of cutting fluids. Cutting and thrust forces are measured. Cutting power is determined for various cutting speeds, depths of cut, and feed rates. Also, drilling is performed on the material to understand the material removal rate (MRR) under these oils. The performances of vegetable oils are compared to mineral oil. A noticeable reduction in cutting forces is observed under the Jatropha family of oils compared to mineral oil. Further, better material removal rate is seen under both the vegetable oils and their versions compared to under petroleum oil for the range of thrust forces.
Small Antenna Based on MEMS and Metamaterial Properties for Reconfigurable Applications
Authors: Rosas-Guevara G. , Murphy-Arteaga R. , Moreno W.
Published: January 2013

This paper presents the design of a novel, small coplanar antenna using microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) and metamaterial (MTM) properties. The antenna is designed using coplanar waveguide (CPW) technology, presenting lower dielectric losses and higher signal integrity. The design method for this MEMS-MTM antenna, herein presented, is based on a composite right/left hand (CRLH) transmission Line (TL) using a mixed approach; considering the circuit model and full-wave simulations. The fabrication process is based on high-resistivity silicon wafers. The radiator has dimensions of0.017 λg×0.033 λgand a thickness of0.0116 λg, whereas the complete circuit, of 5 mm × 11 mm, is equivalent to0.14 λg×0.31 λg. The antenna is designed using MEMS parallel-plate capacitors as the radiator, which also allows for the reconfiguration of the central frequency by electrostatically varying the capacitance. The results presented here correspond to a central frequency of 8.4 GHz. Due to its small size, this antenna has a wide variety of applications in wireless circuits for different fields.
The Effect of Fibrin Glue on the Intensity of Colonic Anastomosis in the Presence and Absence of Peritonitis: An Experimental Randomized Controlled Trial on Rats
Authors: Senol Metin , Altintas Mehmet M. , Cevık Ayhan , Altuntas Yunus E. , Barisik Nagehan O. , Bildik Nejdet , Oncel Mustafa
Published: January 2013

Aim. Anastomotic leakage after colon anastomosis is the most frequent and most feared complication with its highest mortality rate. In this study, we aimed to expose the impact of performing fibrin glue on sutured colocolic anastomosis, in the presence of experimental peritonitis, on anastomosis safety. Method. In this experimental study, the rats were divided into two groups as control group (Groups 1 and 3) and experimental group (Groups 2 and 4). They were also divided as clean abdomen (Groups 1 and 2) and infected abdomen (3 and 4) groups. Full-thickness incisions were made on the proximal colon of both groups of rats. The control group’s anastomoses were conducted only with sutures, whereas in experimental group, fibrin glue was applied over the sutures. The samples were taken on the 10th day. Results. Highest values for average levels of hydroxyproline in the tissues and anastomotic bursting pressures were detected when fibrin glue was applied on sutured anastomosis in clean abdomen. In the histopathological staging performed in line with Ehrlich-Hunt model, lowest values were detected during the presence of peritonitis. Conclusion. As a result, it has been established that the use of fibrin glue over sutured colocolic anastomosis, both in clean abdomen and in the presence of peritonitis, had increased anastomosis safety.
Multiaspect Soft Sets
Authors: Sulaiman Nor Hashimah , Mohamad Daud
Published: January 2013

We introduce a novel concept of multiaspect soft set which is an extension of the ordinary soft set by Molodtsov. Some basic concepts, operations, and properties of the multiaspect soft sets are studied. We also define a mapping on multiaspect soft classes and investigate several properties related to the images and preimages of multiaspect soft sets.
3D Geostatistical Modeling and Uncertainty Analysis in a Carbonate Reservoir, SW Iran
Authors: Kamali Mohammad Reza , Omidvar Azadeh , Kazemzadeh Ezatallah
Published: January 2013

The aim of geostatistical reservoir characterization is to utilize wide variety of data, in different scales and accuracies, to construct reservoir models which are able to represent geological heterogeneities and also quantifying uncertainties by producing numbers of equiprobable models. Since all geostatistical methods used in estimation of reservoir parameters are inaccurate, modeling of “estimation error” in form of uncertainty analysis is very important. In this paper, the definition of Sequential Gaussian Simulation has been reviewed and construction of stochastic models based on it has been discussed. Subsequently ranking and uncertainty quantification of those stochastically populated equiprobable models and sensitivity study of modeled properties have been presented. Consequently, the application of sensitivity analysis on stochastic models of reservoir horizons, petrophysical properties, and stochastic oil-water contacts, also their effect on reserve, clearly shows any alteration in the reservoir geometry has significant effect on the oil in place. The studied reservoir is located at carbonate sequences of Sarvak Formation, Zagros, Iran; it comprises three layers. The first one which is located beneath the cap rock contains the largest portion of the reserve and other layers just hold little oil. Simulations show that average porosity and water saturation of the reservoir is about 20% and 52%, respectively.
Antinociceptive and Anti-Inflammatory Activities of the Ethanolic Extract fromSynadenium umbellatumPax. (Euphorbiaceae) Leaves and Its Fractions
Authors: Borges Rodrigo , Nascimento Marcus Vinícius Mariano , de Carvalho Adryano Augustto Valladão , Valadares Marize Campos , de Paula José Realino , Costa Elson Alves , da Cunha Luiz Carlos
Published: January 2013

Synadenium umbellatumPax., popularly known in Brazil as “cola-nota,” “avelós,” “cancerola,” and “milagrosa”, is a plant species used in folk medicine for the treatment of inflammation, pain, and several diseases. This study aimed to investigate the antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory activities of the ethanolic extract fromSynadenium umbellatumPax. leaves (EES) and its hexane (HF), chloroform (CF), and methanol/water (MF) fractions using the acetic acid-induced abdominal writhing test, formalin-induced paw licking test, tail flick test, croton oil-induced ear edema test, and carrageenan-induced peritonitis test. EES and MF reduced the number of acetic acid-induced abdominal writhes, while CF and HF did not. EES effect on acetic acid-induced abdominal writhing was reversed with a pretreatment with naloxone. EES reduced licking time in both phases of the formalin-induced paw licking test, but did not prolong the latency in the tail flick test. These results show that EES presented antinociceptive activity, probably involving the opioid system, anti-inflammatory activity in the croton oil-induced ear edema test, and leukocyte migration into the intraperitoneal cavity. MF also presented anti-inflammatory activity in the croton oil-induced ear edema test. In conclusion, EES and MF have antinociceptive activity involving the opioid system and anti-inflammatory activity.
X-Linked Agammaglobulinemia Presenting with Secondary Hemophagocytic Syndrome: A Case Report
Authors: Ozturk Can , Sutcuoglu Sumer , Atabay Berna , Berdeli Afig
Published: January 2013

Introduction. Coincidence of X-linked agammaglobulinemia (XLA) and secondary hemophagocytic syndrome (sHS) is atypical. Both diseases are rare and pathogenesis of the latter one is not clearly known.Case Presentation. A 5-year-old boy was diagnosed both with XLA and sHS. However, in his history, he did not have severe and recurrent infections. Bruton tyrosine kinase (BTK) gene mutation was present (c.1581_1584delTTTG). To the best of the authors’ knowledge, coincidence of XLA and sHS had not been reported in the literature before.Conclusion. Patients with XLA are extremely vulnerable to recurrent bacterial infections. The diagnosis of XLA with sHS at any time of life is both an interesting and challenging situation without history of recurrent bacterial infections.