bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Perlindungan Hukum Terhadap Masyarakat yang Terpapar Limbah B3
Authors: Abidin Zainal , Akli Zul , J Johari
Published: September 2021

This research examines the legal protection of people who are victims of the B3 madical waste. This research is a qualitative research with literature study. The main sources in this research are written sources in the form of books, research results, and laws which  related to the issue. The results showed that the law provides protection to people who are exposed to the B3 madical waste, both criminal and civil law.  When  a dispute happening between the community and the company, the solution can be done in two ways, litigation and non-litigation. Settlement of environmental disputes through channels outside the court according to Article 85 paragraph (3) can only be done by using the services of a mediator and / or arbitrator to help resolve the dispute. Active community participation can be carried out by referring to Article 86 of the PPLH Law by establishing a free and impartial environmental dispute resolution institution facilitated by the government and local governments.
Peran Pemerintah Aceh dalam Penanganan Konflik Keagamaan Antar Mazhab Islam
Authors: Saifullah T , Aksa Fauzah Nur
Published: September 2021

Penelitian ini mengkaji tentang peranan pemerintah daerah Aceh dalam menangani konflik keagamaan antar mazhab Islam. Secara sosiologis, konflik keagamaan bisa didefinisikan sebagai pertentangan antara dua orang atau lebih atas kepentingan, tujuan, dan pemahaman yang membawa doktrin agama sebagai alasan konflik. Suatu konflik sosial tidak serta merta terjadi kecuali diawali dengan adanya potensi yang mengendap di dalam masyarakat dan kemudian berkembang, memanas, menjadi ketegangan, dan pada akhirnya memuncak menjadi konflik fisik sebagai akibat dari adanya pemicu. Dalam konteks Aceh, konflik keagamaan tersebut terungkap dari pertentangan antar mazhab Islam yang menjelma dalam kasus-kasus pergantian kepengurusan mesjid secara paksa yang kadang diasosiasikan sebagai kasus perebutan mesjid. Secara sederhana, tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk melihat bagaimana peran  pemerintah daerah Aceh dalam menangani konflik keagamaan antar sesama umat Islam yang terkotak-kotak dalam mazhab. Penelitian ini merupakan kajian hukum normatif-empiris dengan pendekatan kualitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pemerintah telah melakukan upaya-upaya untuk menciptakan kerukunan antar umat Islam di Aceh, diantaranya melalui forum kajian keagamaan, temu ilmiah, kegiatan sosial keagamaan antar kelompok Islam. Selain dari itu organisasi keagamaan seperti MPU Aceh, NU, Muhammadiah dan lainnya telah melakukan upaya untuk mencari titik temu terhadap perbedaan-perbedaan mazhab fikih yang ada dalam masyarakat Aceh. Meskipun demikian terdapat indikasi bahwa mazhab syafi’iyah dan asy’ariyah mendapat dukungan lebih dari pada mazhab lain dari pemerintah Aceh yang dapat dilihat dalam sejumlah Perda dan Surat Perintah Gubernur.
PENGGANTIAN BIAYA KEPADA SAKSI ATAU AHLI DALAM RANGKA MEMBERIKAN KETERANGAN DALAM SISTEM PERADILAN PIDANA (Studi Penelitian di Wilayah Hukum Pengadilan Negeri Takengon)
Authors: Purba Lisa  Purba Hajini , S Sumiadi , Y Yusrizal
Published: September 2021

Summons of witnesses at each level of criminal case examination has consequences for the cost of attending the summons. So far, the provisions regarding the cost of summoning witnaesses and experts have been regulated in Article 229 of the Criminal Procedure Code and Law Number 13 of 2006 concerning Protection of Witnesses and Victims and Law Number 2 of 2002 concerning Procedures for Protection of Witnesses and Victims in Human rights violations, however, in reality the fees that have been regulated in the law are not fully provided to all witnesses and even if there are costs they are not up to standard and not optimal. These costs include accommodation costs, consumption costs, transportation costs and costs of reimbursing lost income due to having to attend calls. The purpose of this research is to find out and explain the compensation mechanism to witnesses or experts in order to differentiate information in the criminal justice system in the jurisdiction of the Takengon District Court and what are the obstacles in reimbursing costs to witnesses or experts in order to provide information in the criminal justice system in the region. the law of the Takengon District Court. This type of research is juridical empirical, that is, approaching the problem through legal research by looking at the prevailing legal norms and relating them to the facts that exist in society in connection with the problems encountered in the research.
KEDUDUKAN DAN MEKANISME PENGISIAN HAKIM MAHKAMAH KONSTITUSI DALAM SISTEM KETATANEGARAAN INDONESIA
Authors: Syahputra Dedy , Subaidi Zulman
Published: September 2021

Proses peradilan di MK merupakan peradilan pertama dan terakhir dan putusannya bersifat final hanya berlaku untuk pelaksanaan putusan MK atas kewenangan menguji undang-undang atas UUD 1945, pemburan partai politik, menyelesaikan sengketa lembaga Negara yang kewenangannya diberikan oleh UUD 1945, dan menyelesaikan sengketa hasil pemilihan umum. Sedangkan putusan MK atas kewenangannya mengadili dugaan DPR terhadap Presiden dan/atau Wakil Presiden telah melakukan pelanggaran hukum menurut UUD 1945, bukan merupakan proses peradilan terakhir dan bersifat final. Mekanisme pengisian hakim MK dalam sistem ketatanegeraan Indonesia belum menjamin terwujudnya Independensi MK dalam melaksanakan kewenangannya, khususnya jika perkara yang diselesaikan oleh MK berkaitan dengan lembaga Negara pengusul hakim MK. Indenpenden tidaknya MK sangat tergantung dari integritas dari masing-masing hakim konstitusi, karena antara MK dan hakim MK  merupakan satu kesatuan yang bisa dibedakan tapi tidak bisa dipisahkan.
VICTIMISASI DAN EKSPLOITASI SEKSUAL
Authors: J Johari , Kalsum Ummi , Abidin Zainal , Saifullah T
Published: September 2021

Setiap pembangunan pasti bertujuan untuk mensejahterakan rakyat, namun tidak bisa dipungkiri setiap pembangunan mempunyai sisi yang lain, seperti dua sisi mata uang yang berbeda. Misalnya dalam hal pembangunan suatu pabrik pupuk di suatu daerah, pasti bertujuan sebagai solusi agar masyarakat terpenuhi kebutuhan pupuknya, disamping itu juga bisa menyerap tenaga kerja lebih banyak. Namun pasti ada hal yang sudah pasti mendatangkan masalah baru, yaitu tentang limbah pabrik yang suatu waktu akan mengganggu kesehatan masyarakat setempat. Masyarakat tersebut menjadi korban dari suatu kebijakan pembangunan, disisi lain urbanisasi menjadi pemicu masalah sosial di kota kota besar, sehingga terjadi pelanggaran hukum dari akibat sempitnya lapangan kerja. Paradoksnya suatu pembangunan yang menimbulkan masalah baru inilah yang disebut dengan victimisasi dimana secara sadar atau tidak sadar masyarakat menjadi korban dari kebijakan publik. Selain itu juga terjadi tindak pidana yang lainnya yang merupakan imbas dari sempitnya lapangan kerja, seperti terjadinya prostitusi dan perdagangan manusia.
MANAGEMENT OF PSORIASIS: A COMPARATIVE CLINICAL STUDY OF STANDARD AYURVEDA & ALLOPATHIC PROTOCOLS
Authors: Shinde Sameer , Bhargava Puneet , Mishra Daya Shanker
Published: September 2021

Psoriasis is a common, chronic and non- infectious skin disease characterized by well defined slightly raised, dry erythamatous macules with silvery scales Modern medicine offers treatment with PUVA, Corticosteroids & Anti mitotic Drugs but therapy gives serious side effects like Bone Marrow depletion, Liver & kidney Failure. While treating Kustha, Ayurvedic Classics especially focused on Panchakarma Treatment. So Vaman, Virechana & Laghu-Manjisthadi Ghan was selected for trial. Total 30 well diagnosed patients were selected & divided in two groups. One group receiving Ayurvedic Treatment & other Allopathic Regimen (Tb.Methotraxate7.5 mg/week) for 2 months & comparative study was done. Assessment was done on improvement in clinical symptoms as well as on Laboratory parameters.
REKONSTRUKSI PALEOBATIMETRI DAN PENENTUAN BATAS PENGENDAPAN BERDASARKAN KELIMPAHAN FORAMINIFERA: STUDI KASUS PADA SEDIMEN INTI SO189/2-04KL DI CEKUNGAN BENGKULU
Authors: Wiguna Taufan
Published: September 2021

Rekonstruksi paleobatimetri dan penentuan batas pengendapan dalam eksplorasi migas telah digunakan untuk mengetahui sejarah geologi suatu cekungan. Pendekatan ini dapat dilakukan dengan menggunakan proksi mikrofosil, salah satunya foraminifera. Penelitian ini menggunakan data kelimpahan foraminifera untuk merekonstruksi paleobatimetri dan menentukan batas pengendapan pada sedimen inti SO189/2-04KL 600-900 cmbsf di Cekungan Bengkulu. Metodologi yang digunakan adalah dengan rasio P/B dan kelimpahan foraminifera planktonik. Sebagai hasil, perubahan parameter foraminifera menunjukkan adanya perubahan paleobatimetri antara neritik luar dan batial bawah. Batial bawah hanya muncul pada interval 780-785 cmbsf. Bidang banjir maksimum (MFS) berada di kedalaman 640, 736,5, dan 825 cmbsf, sedangkan bidang transgresif (TS) berada di kedalaman 701, 765, dan 890 cmbsf.
Remote monitoring of patients with chronic heart failure using blood pressure telemonitoring and ECG
Authors:   Tyumen Regional Clinical Hospital No. 1, Tyumen regional telemedicine center, Potapov A.P. ,   Tyumen, Russia, Yartsev S.E. ,   Tyumen Regional Clinical Hospital No. 1, Tyumen, Russia, Lagutova E.A. ,   Tyumen Regional Clinical Hospital No. 1, Tyumen, Russia
Published: September 2021

Introduction. Remote monitoring of patients with chronic heart failure seems to be very promising in connection with a possible decrease in mortality as a result of the use of telemedicine technologies in the treatment of chronic heart failure (CHF). Materials and methods. Remote monitoring of the health of 997 patients with confirmed diagnoses of circulatory diseases complicated by CHF, aged 18 to 74, inclusive, living in rural areas, mainly in remote and hard-to-reach settlements of Uvatsky, Vagaysky, Nizhnetavdinsky, Tobolsky and Yarkovsky, was carried out. districts of the Tyumen region. Results. We studied the results of remote monitoring of blood pressure and ECG in 997 patients with chronic heart failure in rural areas for 24 months using various models of telemedicine support. In the «home» monitoring group (n = 316), patients independently recorded and broadcast blood pressure and ECG data; in the «office» monitoring group (n = 681), the same studies were performed by medical workers. Additionally, the presence or absence of patient complaints about the state of health at the time of the research was recorded. Conclusions. The organization and conduct of remote monitoring of the health status of patients with CHF using teleAP and teleECG in the «home» self-registration mode has an advantage over the implementation of such monitoring in a medical organization, which is reflected in a statistically significant decrease in the need for hospitalizations.
библиоVirtual reality (VR) in clinical medicine: international and Russian experience
Authors:   Medical Web Technologies LLC, Moscow, Russia, Zelensky M.M. , Reva S.A. ,   N.N. Petrov Research Institute of Oncology; Saint-Petersburg, Russia, Shaderkina A.I. ,   Institute of Clinical Medicine of the First Moscow State Medical University named after I.M. Sechenov (Sechenov University); Moscow, Russia
Published: September 2021

Introduction. This article reviews an application of highly technological methods of virtual reality (VR) in clinical practice based on various studies and experiments of foreign and Russian researchers in recent years. The aim of this review is to demonstrate application of virtual reality technologies for further transformation of classical medicine into digital one. Materials and methods. There is significant growth of interest in the use of VR in medicine. Particularly, only in PubMed library such dynamics can be traced by using key words «VR technology in medicine»: in 2017 year there were 58 articles, in 2018 – 65, in 2019 – 106, in 2020 – 127, and currently in the first half of 2021 year there are already 145 articles. For this paper 37 articles from international journals and 28 from Russian ones were selected. The accent was made on the usage of VR technologies in different fields of clinical medicine, education of medical staff and patients. Results. In this paper we described wide range of experiments on using VR technologies during various medical manipulations such as diagnosis, planning of surgical interventions, cognitive therapy, pain management, preventing medicine and conservative treatment. Examples of successful clinical management of patients during rehabilitation and health maintaining were shown. Medical fields where VR is currently widely used were chosen, promising directions for further research were indicated. We also described opportunities of VR application for teaching medical staff. Conclusion. Nearly all researchers who applied virtual reality (VR) in clinical practice have come to similar conclusion. This innovative tool is a breakthrough in medicine and it has high potential for using it by physicians, patients and health care organizers. Authors have articulated issues which should be managed for further successful introduction VR technologies into modern clinical practice.
Generalization of the Lax–Ryabenky–Philippov theorem to nonlinear problems
Authors: Matus P. P.
Published: September 2021

In this paper, Lax’s equivalence theorem, which states that stability is a necessary and sufficient condition for its convergence in the presence of an approximation of a difference scheme, is generalized to abstract nonlinear difference problems with operators acting in finite dimensional Banach spaces. In contrast to linear finite-difference methods, such a criterion in the nonlinear case can be established only for unconditionally stable computational methods, when the corresponding a priori estimates take place for sufficiently small |h| ≤ h0. In this case, the value of h0 depends both on the consistency of discrete and continuous norms in Banach spaces, and on the magnitude of the perturbation of the input data of the problem. The proven convergence criterion is used to study the stability of difference schemes approximating quasilinear parabolic equations with nonlinearities of unbounded growth with respect to the initial data.
Increasing the Radar Equivalent Energy Potential by “Track Before Detect” Method
Authors: Kostromitsky S. M. , Artemiev V. M. , Nefedov D. S.
Published: September 2021

The problem of radar detection of small-sized targets using the traditional methods of selection of signals embedded in background noise is considered. It is shown that for a false alarm rate of 10–5, which provides for 1–2 false alarms within the entire coverage of the modern 3D radar, the probability of detection of a small-sized target is getting unacceptably low. Repeatedly decreasing the threshold can provide an acceptable level of the detection probability at ultra-low signal-tonoise ratio (SNR) values. At the same time, decreasing the threshold will result in an unacceptable increase of the false alarm rate. A new target detection procedure using the “track before detect” method (TBD) is proposed. In the TBD procedure, the target is considered detected when two conditions are met: the signal exceeds once a definite threshold; the target is detected within a strictly defined observation area (acquisition or tracking gate). For low SNR values in the range of 3–8 dB and equal false alarm rate, the detection probability increases by 20–50 % compared to the traditional detection method. The simulation results showed a strong dependence of efficacy of the TBD algorithm on the threshold value and the decision rule. The possibility is noted of adaptive control over the threshold due to the use the detection results in the preceding scanning cycles, as well as the introduction of matrix radar surveillance not only by the target coordinates and parameters, but also by the detection threshold, decision rules, etc. Examination of these issues is the subject of further research.
Radiation tolerance of nanostructured TiCrN coatings
Authors: Konstantinov S. V. , Komarov F. F. , Strel’nitskij V. E.
Published: September 2021

Nanostructured TixCr1–xN coatings of various compositions 0.58 ≤ x ≤ 0.8 on the substrates made of AISI 304 stainless steel and monocrystalline silicon were formed by the method of separable vacuum-arc deposition. The elemental composition was studied by Rutherford backscattering spectrometry of helium ions. The structural-phase state and the morphology were examined by X-ray diffraction, optical and scanning electron microscopy, tribomechanical tests of the initial coatings were also carried out. The radiation tolerance of the nanostructured TixCr1–xN coatings within 0.58 ≤ x ≤ 0.8 under He+ ion irradiation with an energy of 500 keV in the fluence range of 5·1016–3·1017 ions/cm2 was studied for the first time. It was found that the TixCr1–xN coatings within 0.58 ≤ x ≤ 0.8 withstand irradiation without significant changes in the structure up to a fluence of 2·1017 ions/cm2, when a partial coating flaking (exfoliation) up to a depth of the projected range of helium ions takes place. A decrease in the average size of crystallites of coatings and the crystal lattice period reduction after radiation exposure were detected. The decrease in the microhardness of the TixCr1–xN coatings of all compositions after irradiation was found.
Engineering a whole rat liver scaffold
Authors: Dubko A. D. , Yurkevich M. Yu. , Labai M. V. , Svirskaya A. V. , Yukhanov N. G. , Savitskaya T. V. , Nizheharodava D. B. , Zafranskaya M. M.
Published: September 2021

Engineering a three-dimensional scaffold opens up great prospects for creation of manufacturing biological artificial organs. The article presents a method of perfusion decellularization of a rat liver, with the main problems and options for their solution being analyzed. Perfusion of a donor liver with 0.1 % a sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) solution allows obtaining a high-quality cell-free matrix characterized by preserved hepatic architectonics, patent vascular bed, residual DNA of less than 1 %, no signs of collagen fibers destruction and tissue edema. The obtained scaffold can be used for recellularization by allogeneic cell cultures when creating volumetric tissue-engineered designs.
Modifying the tumor effects in the lungs of laboratory mice with lichen extracts
Authors: Goncharov S. V. , Cheshik I. A.
Published: September 2021

The anti-tumor properties of common lichens of Belarus: Hypogymnia physodes, Ramalina pollinaria, Cladonia arbuscula, Evernia prunastri were studied using the models of spontaneous and induced carcinogenesis in mice Af lungs. Without exposing to a carcinogen in 20 weeks after taking aqueous lichen extracts (1 g/l) of 4 species for 28 days, only C. arbuscula showed the pro-carcinogenic properties almost doubling the average number of pulmonary adenomas per mouse. R. pollinaria and E. prunastri did not provoke spontaneous carcinogenesis and had a corrective effect significantly reducing the number of adenomas per mouse by 21 and 45 %, respectively. To carry out induced carcinogenesis, after 2 weeks of taking aqueous extracts, mice were injected intraperitoneally with urethane (1 g/kg). The analysis of the total number of adenomas per mouse showed a pro-tumor tendency for C. arbuscula, and the analysis of the number of adenomas of 1 mm and more showed that for H. physodes. The extracts do not affect the proportion of urethane adenomas of various sizes in their total number, but increase the incidence of high-yield adenomas of various sizes; at the same time, H. physodes has a much greater pro-carcinogenic activity according to the incidence of high-yield adenomas of 1 mm or more. The analysis of the total number of urethane adenomas per mouse, as well as adenomas of 1 mm showed an anti-tumor tendency for R. pollinaria and a pro-tumor tendency for E. prunastri. Taking E. prunastri increased the incidence of high-yield adenomas of various sizes, along with a notable increase in the incidence of low-yield adenomas. In the case of R. pollinaria, the increase in the incidence of low-yield adenomas was supplemented by a sharp decrease in the incidence of high-yield adenomas. As a result of the experiment, E. prunastri has exhibited both the pro-carcinogenic activity and the anti-tumor properties, but R. pollinaria has revealed a pronounced anti-tumor potential.
Stable isotopes in the snow of the coastal areas of Antarctica
Authors: Kakareka S. V. , Kukharchyk T. I. , Ekaykin A. A. , Giginyak Yu. G.
Published: September 2021

The first results of study of stable isotopes of oxygen (δ18O) and hydrogen (δD) in the snow samples taken on the islands of Marguerite Bay (Antarctic Peninsula), in the Vecherny Oasis (Enderby Land), and Larsemann Hills (Princess Elizabeth Land) by the participants of the 12thBelarusian Antarctic Expedition (January–March 2020) are presented. The concentration of water isotopes: deuterium (D) and oxygen-18 (18O) in the samples was determined using a laser isotope composition analyzer Picarro L2130. A total of 32 snow samples were analyzed. The statistical parameters of the isotopic composition of snow were estimated, and the main differences in the content of δ18O and δD between the study areas were shown. A decrease in the content of heavy oxygen and hydrogen isotopes in the newly fallen snow to the old snow of the surface horizons is shown. The maximum values of δ18O and δD are typical for the Maritime Antarctica, decreasing towards the coastal zone and further – towards its continental part. The possible factors affecting the isotope content are described. It is shown that the monitoring of the isotope composition can be an integral part of the monitoring of climatic changes within the area of operation of the Belarusian Antarctic Expedition. The study of the isotopic composition of surface snow is important for the reconstruction of the paleoclimate of the marginal zone of the Antarctic ice sheet based on the ice cores study.
Systemology of objects and processes in digitalization of the life cycle of engineering products
Authors: Bazrov B. M. , Kheifetz M. L. , Hurevich V. L. , Popok N. N.
Published: September 2021

The main methods of classification and coding in mechanical engineering are studied from the systemic point of view, their main characteristics are considered. When analyzing the systemology of classification of machines of various functional purposes, the absence of a unified methodological approach in constructing the classification and in coding the products is shown. In the existing classifications, products are considered constructively only as objects of operation, and the other stages of their life cycle are not affected. As a result of the system analysis, a unified methodological approach is proposed for constructing classifications, coding and unification of products for various functional purposes, reflecting the features of all stages of their life cycle. For the production stages of the life cycle, a system of classifications using various coding methods is considered: a description of structural and technological elements formed by the tool edges, a sequence of numbers, taking into account signs; a description of the surfaces formed by tool movements, in numbers, indicating the directions of feed movements; and to describe complex-profile surfaces and a combination of long-range elements, their combination is used. The expediency of using each of the classifications in real production conditions is determined by the statistics of use of structural and technological elements and surfaces, as well as of tools that form them.
Acid-basic properties of chromium(III) oxide surface
Authors: Shaporova E. A. , Zhukova A. A. , Baev A. K. , Sidorenko A. Yu.
Published: September 2021

The article is devoted to the study of the nature and number of acid-base centers on the surface of chromium(III) oxide obtained by precipitation from an aqueous nitrate solution. The curve of the distribution of the number of acidbase centers of the samples is plotted depending on the indicator of the ionization constant of indicators. It was determined that the main Lewis centers make the main contribution to the acidity of the samples; there are also Bronsted centers of different acidity. A comparative analysis of the structural features of the surface of oxides of chromium, zinc and binary systems Cr (III)–Zn (II) was carried out according to the results of X-ray phase analysis of oxides and thermolysis of the corresponding hydroxides. Based on this, the possibility of obtaining nanosized catalysts based on oxide-hydroxide systems of chromium with a number of 3d-metals obtained in the process of polynuclear hydroxocomplexation is predicted.
Development of a multiplex system for determining 11 genetic markers of predisposition to obesity
Authors: Sergeev G. V. , Haidukevich I. V. , Gorkavaya A. M. , Ameliyanovich M. D. , Mosse I. B. , Usanov S. A.
Published: September 2021

A system has been developed to identify 11 genetic markers associated with the risk of obesity: rs10852521, rs11075990, rs1121980, rs1421085, rs1477196, rs17817449, rs3751812, rs7206790, rs8047395, rs9940128 (FTO gene) and rs1137101 (LEPR gene) by minisequencing (SNaPshot analysis). The conditions for carrying out the amplification and minisequencing reactions, as well as the compositions of the reaction mixtures, were optimized so that the analysis was carried out for all 11 markers simultaneously. The resulting system was tested and showed a high degree of reproducibility and sensitivity required for the detection of these polymorphisms.
Scientific concepts and methodological approaches to the formation of a monitoring system for foreign markets for agricultural products
Authors: Kireyenko N. V. , Voytko I. A.
Published: September 2021

An important place in the implementation of foreign trade policy of the state, region, industry, business entity is occupied by the monitoring system of foreign food markets. Without understanding their development trends, qualitative and quantitative parameters, consumers and competitors, it is impossible to build an effective agricultural business. The article presents the results of a scientific study on the theoretical and methodological foundations of the development of foreign trade policy and increasing the export potential of the agri-food sector of the Republic of Belarus, taking into account world experience. The scientific and practical features of the formation of an effective planning system, organization and monitoring of foreign markets for agricultural products and food products have been studied and systematized. The methodological approaches to the analysis of the conditions of access and entry to foreign markets for agri-food products have been substantiated.
State of Saxaul Plantations in Kazakhstan’s Section of the Aral Sea Region
Authors: Salmukhanbetova Zhuldyz , Imanalinova A.A. , Dimeyeva L.A. , Zverev N.E.
Published: September 2021

The article aims to assess the survival rate of saxaul plantations on the dry seabed of the Aral Sea (DSAS) and these close to the villages along the original seacoast. Protective black saxaul (Haloxylon ammodendron) plantations on the DSAS were established in the course of 2009-2019 with the grant support of the International Fund for Saving the Aral Sea (IFAS), Japan’s environmental funds, UNDP Kazakhstan, as well as under the Grass-Roots Program of the Embassy of Japan in Kazakhstan. During September 1-14, 2020, the target plantation plots at 24 sites adjacent to the villages of Aralkum and Karateren underwent examination, including forest surveying, projected species cover determination, as well as seed regeneration and survival rate assessment. The findings of 2020 revealed the varying condition of target saxaul plantations. Thus, the survival rate of saxaul inside forest plantations ranged between 0.12 and 78.0%. The actual number of saxaul trees varied from 1 (one) to 1,000 per ha on the DSAS and from 888 to 2,633 per ha in Aralkum village. The novelty of the obtained results is due to the fact that they clearly demonstrate that the survival rate and development of forest plantations, as well as saxaul seed self-renewal, above all, depend on the overall ecological conditions at specific sites. Saxaul demonstrated the best survival rate and growth at the sites with sandy loam and saline light loamy soils with sandy cover, and the worst – at the sites with crusty and takyr (dry-type playa) saline soils.
Sustainability in the New Congo’s Tropical Architecture: A Case Study of The Sabena Towers by Claude Laurens
Authors: Tshiunza Alexis , Michieletto Manlio , Adedayo Olatunde
Published: September 2021

Tropicalizing a building might seem like the best option for a young architect who lands in the tropics, but this is an approach contrary to sustainability. Claude Laurens, through one of his first projects in Congo, understood that it was better to deal with the place from the start. His project became one of the best examples of tropical modernism. The article attempts to contrast an import approach with a more sustainable one, to deal with the present and future context. The research method adopted for this study was a mixed method approach where data was sourced from literature as secondary source and compared with direct observation of the selected case study (The Sabena Towers). The results are presented as figures which were used to further illustrate findings. The result showed that the architect, with little information, did his utmost to offer Congo a new architecture that fitted with the objectives of sustainable development. The study concluded that the architect chose not to adopt the foreign architecture as a solution for the sustainability issues he encountered in the design, rather he evolved solutions that were Congolese based and therefore responded adequately to the challenges of sustainability in Congo and created an architecture for Congo.
Persamaan Hak Atas Pendidikan terhadap Penerapan Sistem Zonasi
Authors: Sihombing Eka NAM , Hadita Cynthia
Published: September 2021

Klasterisasi yang muncul karena adanya jalur zonasi, afirmasi, dan perpindahan orang tua/wali memiliki implikasi terhadap tercederainya hak atas pendidikan khususnya dalam memilih fasilitas pendidikan secara bebas dan leluasa, hal itu dihambat oleh adanya persentasi zonasi yang diterapkan melalui Peraturan Menteri Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan Nomor 1 Tahun 2021. Problematika hak atas pendidikan itu muncul karena lebih mengutamakan aspek ‘jarak’ di bandingkan ‘kognitif’, bahkan peluang ekonomi yang tidak mampu jauh lebih sedikit dibandingkan zonasi. Metode penelitian yang digunakan yaitu yuridis normatif dengan pendekatan perundang-undangan. Tujuan Penelitian ini yaitu untuk mengkaji adanya problematika ekualitas hak atas pendidikan sejak diterapkannya sistem zonasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penerapan kebijakan   itu berimplikasi terhadap tidak terpenuhinya hak atas pendidikan sebagaimana yang diatur oleh Pasal 28C ayat (1) dan Pasal 31 ayat (2) UUD NRI Tahun 1945, bahwa dalam proses penerimaan siswa baru harus mempertimbangkan ‘nilai’ sebagai kuota terbanyak terhadap daya tampung sekolah, kemudian diikuti oleh jalur afirmasi, dan jalur perpindahan orangtua/wali untuk menciptakan ekualitas hak atas pendidikan yang proporsional dan berkeadilan.
Pemenuhan Hak Politik Perempuan sebagai Pengawas Pemilihan Kepala Daerah Serentak Tahun 2020
Authors: Muharam Ricky Santoso , Prasetyo Danang
Published: September 2021

Penelitian ini membahas tentang hak politik perempuan sebagai pengawas pemilihan kepala daerah di Badan Pengawas Pemilu Kabupaten Bantul dari tingkat kabupaten sampai tingkat dusun. Penelitian menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan analisis mendalam yang menonjolkan proses dan makna. Data primer berasal dari Badan Pengawas Pemilu Kabupaten Bantul dan data sekunder yang bersumber dari berbagai dokumen, regulasi peraturan perundang-undangan, buku, jurnal maupun laporan hasil penelitian. Penelitian ini menemukan bahwa beberapa hak-hak politik perempuan sebagai pengawas Pemilu sudah terpenuhi sesuai dengan regulasi yang mengatur tentang keterwakilan perempuan sebagai pengawas Pemilu. Pemenuhan hak politik perempuan sebagai pengawas khususnya pada Pilkada Bantul 2020 sebetulnya secara regulasi sudah diatur di dalam Undang Undang No. 7 Tahun 2017 Tentang Pemilihan Umum. Namun berdasarkan Pilkada Bantul 2020 beberapa faktor unsur keterwakilan perempuan tidak dapat terpenuhi secara utuh seperti kasus hak-hak politik perempuan sebagai Pengawas Desa/Kelurahan. Selain karena masalah gender, adanya beban resiko sebagai Pengawas juga cukup berat. Tugas dan tanggung jawab sebagai pengawas sangat berbeda dengan tugas penyelenggara Pemilu lainnya misalnya di Komisi Pemilihan Umum, Panitia Pemilihan Kecamatan, Panitia Pemungutan Suara, maupun Kelompok Penyelenggara Pemungutan Suara.
Pembatasan Hak Untuk Bergerak (Right to Move) melalui Larangan Masuk dan Pembatasan Perjalanan selama Penyebaran Virus COVID-19 menurut Hukum Internasional dan Hukum Indonesia
Authors: Dinata Ari Wirya , Akbar M Yusuf
Published: September 2021

Organisasi Kesehatan Dunia (WHO) menyatakan Covid-19 sebagai Pandemi pada 11 Maret 2020. Sejumlah negara telah membuat berbagai kebijakan untuk menekan penyebaran virus tersebut. Salah satu kebijakan tersebut adalah regulasi masuk dan pembatasan perjalanan. Kebijakan ini dipandang perlu untuk mencegah penularan dan penyebaran virus secara masif akibat pergerakan manusia. Di sisi lain, konvensi hak asasi manusia memberikan perlindungan terhadap hak untuk bergerak dan memasuki suatu negara dan melarang tindakan diskriminasi. Tulisan ini mengkaji perspektif hukum internasional tentang kebijakan masuk dan pembatasan perjalanan serta membahas kebijakan domestik Indonesia dalam menanggulangi wabah korona. Penelitian  ini menggunakan metode yuridis normatif, dengan data sekunder yaitu bahan hukum primer, bahan hukum sekunder dan bahan hukum tersier. Tulisan ini merangkum bahwa kebijakan negara mengenai pengaturan masuk dan pembatasan larangan bepergian merupakan sesuatu yang dibolehkan menurut hukum internasional. Hal ini berdampak pada pengurangan jumlah wabah korona lintas batas negara. Meskipun demikian, kebijakan ini mungkin melanggar hak asasi manusia jika tidak mengacu pada ketentuan hukum yang berlaku seperti konvensi hak asasi manusia. Tulisan ini menyarankan kepada para pembuat kebijakan untuk berhati-hati dalam menggunakan kebijakan entry regulation.
MENGGUGAT UU PENYIARAN DI INDONESIA (ANALISA FRAMING PEMBERITAAN GUGATAN RCTI DAN iNEWS TV TENTANG UU 32 Tahun 2002 pada SINDONEWS & DETIK.COM PERIODE 27 AGUSTUS � 20 SEPTEMBER 2020)
Authors: Nabilah Fitria Safiratun , Wiguna Jessica , Putri Noerazrie Imania , Febrianita Roziana
Published: September 2021

Pada Juni 2020 RCTI dan iNEWS TV menggugat UU penyiaran Nomor 32 Tahun 2002 ke MK. Perihal yang digugat adalah menuntut pengajuan uji ulang materi soal UU Penyiaran dan menilai Pasal 1 angka 2 UU Penyiaran. Gugatan diajukan sebab pasal tersebut dinilai menyebabkan ketidakadilan atau perlakuan berbeda antara penyelenggara penyiaran konvensional yang menggunakan frekuensi radio dengan penyelenggara penyiaran Over The Top (OTT) yang menggunakan internet, seperti Instagram, Youtube, Netflix dan aplikasi streaming sejenisnya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis bagaimana pembingkaian oleh sindonews.com dan detik.com terkait pemberitaan tersebut. Penelitian ini menggunakan metodologi kualitatif deskriptif dengan analisis framing model Zhongdan Pan dan Gerald M. Kosicki. Fokus penelitian ini adalah sintaksis, skrip, tematik, dan retoris. Data penelitian merupakan kumpulan berita dari Sindonews.com dan Detik.com periode 27 Agustus � 14 September 2020, sebab kedua media dinilai aktif mengunggah berita dengan topik tersebut. Kesimpulan penelitian menyebutkan bahwa terdapat framing yang berbeda antara kedua media. Sindonews.com memberikan dukungan pada gugatan RCTI dan iNews TV dan mendorong untuk segera dilakukannya revisi UU Penyiaran. Sementara detik.com memberikan framing melemahkan dukungan pada gugatan RCTI dan iNews TV serta tidak menstimulasi adanya urgensi revisi UU Penyiaran.
Distribution of methane fluxes on the water–atmosphere interface in different regions of the World Ocean
Authors:   V.I. Il’ichev Pacific Oceanological Institute of the Far Eastern Branch of the RAS, Mishukova G.I. , Yatsuk A.V. ,   V.I. Il’ichev Pacific Oceanological Institute of the Far Eastern Branch of the RAS, Shakirov R.B. ,   V.I. Il’ichev Pacific Oceanological Institute of the Far Eastern Branch of the RAS
Published: September 2021

For the first time, methane fluxes at the water-atmosphere interface were calculated for the water area of Pacific, Indian, and Atlantic oceans (for the area about 30,000 miles) on the basis of the expeditionary measurements of methane concentrations in the surface layer of water and subsurface layer of the atmosphere along the entire course of the vessel. Methane fluxes at the water-atmosphere interface were calculated for the water areas of the Pacific, Indian and Atlantic oceans. In the result of the studies carried out in various regions of the World Ocean, an uneven spatial distribution of methane fluxes from strong absorption to emission of anomalous intensity was observed. The article presents the results of a detailed study for the deepwater area of the Indian Ocean open waters in the northern part of the Ninetyeast Ridge. Both supersaturation and undersaturation of seawater respectively to its concentrations in the atmosphere have been revealed on the basis of the direct measurements of methane concentrations in the ocean surface water layer. The distribution of dissolved methane in the water column of the Indian Ocean has been considered.
SUCCESSION OF COMMERCIAL AND INDUSTRIAL PROPERTY IN LATE IMPERIAL RUSSIA: LAW AND PRACTICE
Authors:   Institute of Russian History of the RAS, Potkina Irina V.
Published: September 2021

The article deals with some issues of elaboration of the most important part of civil laws connected with property relations in the field of entrepreneurship. In the early 19th century, Russia was in the process of forming corporate legislation, which put the empire on a par with the advanced Western European countries from this point of view. That fact contributed to the broader development of entrepreneurship, which could legally be carried out in various forms. At the same time, work was carried out on the improvement of such a legal category as the institution of property, on rethinking and generalization of the previous national experience. The legislative activity of the government in the second half of the 19th century focused on the problems of adapting the current norms of law to the peculiarities of the socio-economic development of the country, as well as filling the gaps caused by the abolition of serfdom. The article shows the implementation of legal norms in everyday commercial life using the typical examples of some Russian and foreign joint-stock companies. Ultimately, Russia’s legislation was brought in line with the norms in force in this area in Western European countries. Based on the factual material, contained in various published sources and archival documents, the author concludes that Russian laws created favorable conditions for entrepreneurial activity and ensured the protection of the property rights of merchants and manufacturers, allowing them to maintain succession in business legal relationship.
THE RISE AND FALL OF THE KAMENSKY ENTREPRENEURIAL DYNASTY
Authors:   Saint Petersburg State University, Morozan Vladimir V.
Published: September 2021

The article examines the activities of one of the largest steamship and transport enterprises of the Volga-Kama basin in the early 20th century — trading house “F. and G. brothers Kamensky”. The company had a long history, having existed for more than half a century, transporting goods and passengers along the Volga and Kame, as well as by horse-drawn and railroad transport. Founded by the efforts of Fedor and Grigory Kozmich Kamensky in 1857, the company experienced success and setbacks that led to its absorption by another more successful enterprise in the early 20th century. The article pays special attention to the reason for the commercial failures of the children and grandchildren of the founders of the company, who came to its management after the death of Fеdor and Grigory Kamensky. In the face of heightened competition at the beginning of the 20th century between various shipping and transport companies, especially after the economic crisis and the revolutionary events of 1905–1907, the Kamensky family made considerable efforts to save their enterprise, spending significant funds on its modernization. The company grew the network of its offices significantly not only in the vast territory of Russia, but also beyond its borders. New steamships were purchased, the orders of which were located at domestic factories. Having opened its offices in Hamburg, Berlin and London, the company tried to get involved in the export trade of Russia, planning to use its vehicles. However, poor management practices and disproportionate spending on expanding the enterprise infrastructure and its technical equipment brought the company to the brink of bankruptcy.
ЕDINOVERIE THOUGHT IN THE ERA OF THE FIRST RUSSIAN REVOLUTION (BASED ON THE MATERIALS OF THE NEWSPAPER “PRAVDA PRAVOSLAVIYA”)
Authors:   Ural Federal University, Palkin Alexander S.
Published: September 2021

The paper analyzes experience of Edinoverie political thought in the era of the First Russian Revolution. Analysis is conducted in the context of development of Edinoverie thought and formation of confessional identity of Edinovertsy in the second half of the 19th century — early 20th century. Three specific directions of Edinoverie formed during this period were identified: conservative, radical and reformist. The focus of the article is on the latter, headed by St. Petersburg priest Simeon Shleev. Its representatives advocated reforming the synodal structure of the church, convening a Local Council, strengthening the autonomy of Edinovertsy and uniting them under the auspices of the St. Petersburg center of Edinoverie. Their organ was the “Pravda Pravoslaviya” (Truth of Orthodoxy) newspaper (published for some time under the title “Glagol Vremen” (The Word of Times)). The publication of the first issues of the newspaper fell on the era of the First Russian Revolution. That is why the St. Petersburg co-religionists, claiming leadership among their fellow believers throughout the country, began to write on political topics and publicly critically interpret the surrounding political reality. The paper determines thematic field and authors, who touched political matters in 1906–1907 in “Pravda Pravoslaviya” and “Glagol Vremen”, analyzes dynamics of such publications. Conclusions are drawn about the correlation between the general political agenda and specific issues that worried Edinovertsy.
SOCIAL ELITES IN LATE IMPERIAL EKATERINBURG: A PROGRAM FOR HISTORICAL AND DEMOGRAPHIC RESEARCH
Authors:   Ural Federal University, Bakharev Dmitry S. , Glavatskaya Elena M. ,   Ural Federal University
Published: September 2021

This article develops a theoretical basis for studying the socio-demographic evolution of elites in local/urban historical communities. The authors analyzed the methodological and terminological apparatus used in modern elite studies and formulated the concept of “social elite” based on synthesizing the civilizational aspects of elite theory and modernization theory. The social elite is understood as a minority that is a reference group for the rest of society in the sphere of sociodemographic practices. A fruitful study of such an object is realistic only by employing mass nominative sources that recorded demographic events in individual lives. The most important nominative source which contains demographic and, in addition, social information about the demographically representative communities of imperial Russia, are metricheskie knigi — parish vital events records. The potential of this type of source is most effectively realized by transcribing the information into databases for subsequent quantitative analysis. The research was carried out based on the URAPP — “Ural Population Project” — a comprehensive electronic resource containing information from the Orthodox parishes records in Ekaterinburg for 1880–1919, now extended to about 57000 entries. The initial adaptation of the proposed model to the historical context of late imperial Ekaterinburg enabled us to identify a community of townspeople — the parish of the Orthodox Epiphany Cathedral — that was more modernized than the rest of the city. Concentrating the research focus on socio-demographic processes among the parishioners of this community at the individual level, will in the future make it possible to represent more fully the evolutionary mechanisms of the social elite in the late Imperial Russian city. The proposed scheme can be used to study the problems of Russian social history in the late 19th — early 20th centuries, primarily to identify the agents driving the socio-demographic modernization.
DOES INTERNATIONAL TOURISM PROMOTE ECONOMIC GROWTH? SOME EVIDENCE FROM INDONESIA
Authors:   Universitas Syiah Kuala (USK), Faculty of Economics and Business, Banda Aceh, Indonesia Universitas Samudra (UNSAM), Faculty of Economics, Langsa, Indonesia, MARDHANI Martahadi , MAJID M. Shabri Abd. ,   Universitas Syiah Kuala (USK), Faculty of Economics and Business, Banda Aceh, Indonesia, JAMAL Abd. ,   Universitas Syiah Kuala (USK), Faculty of Economics and Business, Banda Aceh, Indonesia, MUHAMMAD Said ,   Universitas Syiah Kuala (USK), Faculty of Economics and Business, Banda Aceh, Indonesia
Published: September 2021

Realizing an increasing contribution of the tourism sector to global economies, this study intends to enrich the existing tourism literature by empirically exploring the short- and long-run dynamic causalities between tourism and economic growth in Indonesia over the period 1995 to 2017. For these purposes, cointegration, Fully Modified Least Squares (FMOLS), and Granger causality techniques are adopted. The study found a cointegration between tourism and economic growth, indicating the existence of a long-run relationship between the tourism sector and economic growth. In the long-run, tourism has contributed to the promotion of economic growth. Finally, both in the short- and long-run, the study found a unidirectional causal relationship running from tourism to economic growth, confirming the tourism-led growth hypothesis. To enhance Indonesia's economic growth, the tourism sector should be further promoted by making it more attractive, supported by advanced IT facilities, warm hospitality, and diversified tourism objects.
A Software Model for Parameters Affecting the Dimensions of Reinforced Concrete Prefabricated Facade Elements
Authors: Tosun Mustafa , Yasa Enes
Published: September 2021

In this study, a model software of a computer program related to determining dimensional behavior, which will contribute to the multi-layered units used on the facade of industrial buildings to be standardized, has been prepared. By means of this model software, the factors determining the width (A), the height (h) and the section (d) of the units of a building facade, could be evaluated. These factors, at the same time, from the dimensions of building facade units providing “thermal insulation, sound insulation statically behavior and coordination dimension of facade unit.” In the program (named as MT2 Prefabrike), these four factors could be evaluated by providing the optimization in sequence and within themselves. Thus, by developing a new method of approach in the standardizing of facade units, apart from the visible characteristics of the units, the idea of standardizing the performance and behavior expected from the units, are put forward. In the model program formed with this idea, before producing of the facade units, the optimization is to be provided by analyzing the factors which are effective in giving dimension to the units, in abstract condition (computerized). Keywords: a model software, building facade unit, prefabrication, thermal and sound ınsulation, static behavior analysis, the facades of ındustrial buildings