bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Motivational Interviewing to Increase Outpatient Attendance for Adolescent Psychiatric Patients
Authors: Chiappetta Laurel , Stark Stacy , Mahmoud Khadejah F. , Bahnsen Kyle R. , Mitchell Ann M.
Published: February 2018

Motivational interviewing (MI) is a therapeutic technique that has been demonstrated to increase adherence to various treatment regimens. Nonattendance at outpatient appointments is associated with read-mission to psychiatric hospitals. The purpose of the current study was to examine the effectiveness of MI in promoting treatment adherence and increasing pediatric attendance rates at patients' first follow-up appointment after inpatient admission. A sample of 111 patients discharged from one of two child and adolescent units at an urban, inpatient psychiatric hospital in Southwestern Pennsylvania participated in the MI discharge process. Compared to hospital population data from 1 month prior to the current study, the MI discharge process demonstrated an increase of approximately 10% in attendance at the scheduled follow-up appointments and a decrease of approximately 4% in cancellations and no-show appointments. It was concluded that particularly for adolescents, MI may be a valuable treatment approach grounded in partnerships with health care providers, patients, and families to enhance outpatient appointment attendance. [
Journal of Psychosocial Nursing and Mental Health Services, 56
(6), 31–35.]
La sponda destra del Tevere, presso la foce, prima dei Romani : gli insediamenti
Authors: Castro Francesca Romana De , Facciolo Alessandra , Gala Monica , Grossi Maria Cristina , Morelli Cinzia , Rinaldi Maria Lucrezia , Ruggeri Daria , Sivilli Sandra
Published: February 2018

Nel corso di campagne di archeologia preventiva effettuate sulla riva destra del Tevere vicino alla sua foce, sono state riportate in luce testimonianze della frequentazione umana in epoca preromana. In particolare intorno allo scomparso Stagno di Maccarese si sono individuate aree appartenenti all’Eneolitico ed al Bronzo Medio e Finale, mentre in prossimità del Rio Galeria è localizzato l’unico sito di età arcaica sino ad oggi noto nel territorio in questione. Particolare interesse riveste l’individuazione di un ampio e complesso sistema di dossi artificiali, posti sul margine sud-orientale dello Stagno ed appartenenti al Bronzo Finale, che costituivano siti di insediamento temporaneo – durante la stagione secca – legati ad attività produttive ed artigianali quali l’allevamento e la lavorazione di prodotti caseari, di tessuti, di materia dura animale (in particolare palchi di cervo). L’insediamento di epoca arcaica, pur mal conservato e di limitate dimensioni, testimonia un’occupazione del territorio, legata allo sfruttamento agricolo del suolo, in un’epoca in cui la sponda settentrionale del Tevere apparteneva ancora all’etrusca città di Veio.
Necropoli dell’Isola Sacra, scavo 1988-1989 : alcune riflessioni su occupazione degli spazi, cronologia delle sepolture, corredi
Authors: Olivanti Paola , Spanu Marcello
Published: February 2018

Il contributo offre una rassegna di dati pertinenti agli scavi condotti tra il 1988 ed il 1989 nella necropoli dell’Isola Sacra, eseguiti negli spazi compresi tra le tombe monumentali erette sul lato occidentale della strada che conduceva da Ostia a Portus. In particolare si sottolineano la grande densità delle deposizioni messe in luce (realizzate con diverse modalità : in fossa, in cappuccina, in anfora etc.) e la problematicità della loro cronologia in relazione ai materiali rinvenuti.
Ostia beyond the Tiber : recent archaeological discoveries in the Isola Sacra
Authors: Germoni Paola , Keay Simon , Millett Martin , Strutt Kristian
Published: February 2018

This article is a preliminary statement about the discoveries that have been made in the course of the geophysical survey of the Isola Sacra by the Portus Project in collaboration with the SS-Col since 2006. The work has made an important contribution to our understanding of the topography of the island with the discovery of many new sites, together with a major new canal which ran southwards from Portus towards the mouth of the Tiber. Of particular importance, however, was the discovery of a new northern sector of Ostia on the northern side of the Tiber. This area was composed of a suite of very large warehouses that were shut off from the rest of the Isola Sacra to the north by a defensive wall. This discovery transforms our understanding of the topography of Ostia, although there are still uncertainties about the chronology of both the warehouses and the defensive wall.
Quelques réflexions sur la fonction des Fastes d’Ostie
Authors: Haeperen Françoise Van
Published: February 2018

La fonction des Fastes d’Ostie est examinée à partir d’une analyse attentive de la nature des événements qui y sont rappelés et de la question des finalités ayant présidé à une telle sélection. La rédaction et l’affichage de ces Fastes contribuent certes à l’auto-représentation municipale, en connexion étroite avec la Ville, mais ceux-ci auraient également fourni une sorte de rappel des événements ayant suscité ou justifiant l’accomplissement d’une série de cérémonies religieuses au sein de la colonie (sacrifices, formulation et acquittement de vœux, introduction de nouveaux cultes).
Indagini archeologiche preventive nell’area della necropoli di Pianabella (area 12) : nuove acquisizioni per la ricostruzione del paesaggio extraurbano di Ostia Antica tra I e IV secolo d.C.
Authors: Germoni Paola , Gregorio Lucia De , Pischedda Carla Ninel , D’Andrea Ascanio
Published: February 2018

I lavori di ristrutturazione delle S.S.P.P. via del Mare e via Ostiense sono stati un’occasione per svolgere indagini archeologiche preventive in un’area di grande interesse archeologico, prossima alla necropoli di Pianabella. Lo scavo stratigrafico ha evidenziato diversi momenti di frequentazione dell’area durante l’età imperiale con un utilizzo a scopi agricoli e poi funerari. Contestualmente allo scavo stratigrafico sono stati realizzati studi specialistici, per il materiale ceramico e le testimonianze epigrafiche. I dati così raccolti hanno permesso di proporre una datazione relativa e assoluta delle varie fasi individuate. Lo scavo del sepolcreto, in particolare, ha confermato alcuni aspetti dei rituali funerari romani già ampiamente attestati per il territorio ostiense  : recinti a cielo aperto con nicchie per le sepolture a incinerazione e pozzi per i rituali funerari caratterizzano la fase più antica del sepolcreto, in associazione ai primi esempi di inumazioni ; per le fasi più avanzate si assiste ad un intervento di ristrutturazione generale del sepolcreto e ad un aumento delle sepolture a inumazione rispetto alle sepolture ad incinerazione con un’occupazione intensiva degli spazi interni ed esterni ai nuovi edifici funerari. Tra il III e il IV sec. d.C. si verifica un’attività di spoliazione alla quale segue un progressivo abbandono dell’area che continua ad essere utilizzata a scopi funerari solo in piccola parte, come attestano le sepolture più tarde rinvenute.
Investigations of Milling Parameters on Hemp Fiber Reinforced Composite Using ANOVA and Regression
Authors: Patel Kundan , Patel Keval , Gohil Piyush , Chaudhary Vijaykumar
Published: February 2018

The machinability of fiber reinforced composites is emphatically affected not only by the kind of fiber used in the composite but also by its properties. Milling composite materials is a very usual and plays a vital role for the assembly of composite structures. However, milling of composites is a somewhat complicated errand inferable from the heterogeneity of the material and a plenty of different issues, for instance, delamination factor, which show up amid the machining process and are connected with the qualities of the material and the cutting parameters. Present study looks into the influence of spindle speed, feed rate and depth of cut on thrust force, torque and delamination factor in hemp fiber reinforced polyester composites. The composite specimens were formulated using hand lay-up method. The analysis for attaining the optimality condition is performed using ANOVA and regression model. It was observed that the grouping of the inferior value of feed (0.1 mm/rev), lower spindle speed (1500 rpm) as well as the lower depth of cut (1.5 mm) results in minimum delamination factor and torque. The feed was found to be more significant than the depth of cut for thrust force.
Fabrication and Analysis of Accumulative Roll Bonding Process between Magnesium and Aluminum Multi-Layers
Authors: Cheepu Muralimohan , Haribabu Sangathoti , Ramachandraiah T. , Srinivas B. , Venkateswarulu Devuri , Karna Sivaji , Alapati Suresh , Che Woo Seong
Published: February 2018

In the present study commercially pure magnesium and aluminum strips were fabricated using the process of accumulative roll bonding. It is a prominent solid state joining process to manufacture similar and dissimilar materials for various applications. Three layers of stack was used for bonding of multilayered composite and preheated at 250 °C for 20 min. The effects of rolling parameters on bond strength and deformation of the strips were analyzed. The interface between aluminum and magnesium were characterized to identify the formation of diffusion compounds, and are found to be the presence of Al12Mg17 intermetallic compounds. Tensile strength of the bonds was increased with the decreasing of thickness of the strips. The interface characteristics were analyzed using scanning electron microscope (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDAX) to reveal the intermetallic compounds, micro cracks and bonding properties. The strength of the composites is varying with width of the intermediate strip and maximum strength values were obtained after three passes of the roll bonding.
Effect of FSP on Strength and Fracture Toughness of Aluminium Alloy 7000
Authors: Mandal P.K.
Published: February 2018

The cast Al-Zn-Mg 7000 alloy has become one of the most potential structural materials in many engineering fields such as aircraft body, automotive casting due to their high strength to weight ratio, strong age hardening ability, competitive weight savings, attractive mechanical properties and improvement of thermal properties. The cast aluminium alloy has been modified of surface layer through a solid-state technique is called friction stir process (FSP). But basic principle has been followed by friction stir welding (FSW). This process can be used to locally refine microstructures and eliminate casting defects in selected locations, where mechanical properties improvements can enhance component performance and service life. However, some specified process parameters have adopted during experimental works. Those parameters are tool rotation speed (720 rpm), plate traverse speed (80 mm/min), axial force (15 kN), and tool design (i.e., pin height 3.5 mm and pin diameter 3.0 mm), respectively. The main mechanism behind this process likely to axial force and frictional force acting between the tool shoulder and workpiece results in intense heat generation and plastically soften the process material. The specified ratio of rotational speed (720 rpm) to traverse speed (80 mm/min) is considered 9 as low heat input during FSP and its entails low Zn vaporization problem results as higher fracture toughness of aluminium alloy. It is well known that the stirred zone (SZ) consists of refine equiaxed grains produced due to dynamic recrystallization. FSP has been proven to innovatively enhancing of various properties such as formability, hardness and fracture toughness (32.60 MPa√m). The hardness and fracture toughness of double passes AC+FSP aluminium alloy had been investigated by performing Vicker’s hardness measurement and fracture toughness (KIC)(ASTM E-399 standard) tests. Detailed observations with optical microscopy, Vicker’s hardness measurement, SEM, TEM, and DTA analysis have conducted to analyse microstructure and fracture surfaces of double passes FSP aluminium alloy.
Structural Behavior of Hybrid Reinforced Concrete Exterior Beam Column Joint
Authors: Kamakshi S. , Vinu S.K.
Published: February 2018

The introduction of wide range of novel raw materials and composites are tuning exceptionally the construction industry on its head. The recent research trends majorly intensified on hybrid concept using the varied materials collectively. This study primarily aims at experimentally investigating the response of concrete exterior beam column joint with Hybrid Reinforcement Technique (HRT) for reverse cyclic load conditions. The on-site fabricated, Hand Layup Carbon Fibre Reinforced Polymer (CFRP-HL) stirrups and the conventional steel main reinforcements form a hybrid reinforcement system in this study. The on-site constructed CFRP-HL reinforcement serves as a substitute for pre-fabricated CFRP rebars which has limitations and inflexibility in adapting the construction alterations. In total six types of specimens, a couple of test specimens are strengthened with HRT and another with external bond CFRP fibre wrap. In the remaining three specimens, one with non-conventional steel detailing and a couple of conventional joints that are designed according to IS 456:2000 and IS 13920:1993 respectively. In addition, the influence of varied spacing of stirrups in specimens is studied separately. Further, the test results on overall strength, stiffness, load deflection characteristics, dissipated energy and ductility of test specimens is evaluated and discussed. The use of CFRP-HL with steel as hybrid combination enables to comprehend the benefit from their distinctive characteristics. This proposal strongly improves the greater flexibility of using CFRP-HL in field as needed.
Equilibrium and Isotherm Studies on the Removal of Basic Textile Dye from Aqueous Solutions Using Kigelia africana Biosorbent
Authors: Gunturu Bhargavi , Ramakrishnan Geethalakshmi , Sahadevan Renganathan
Published: February 2018

Removal of a basic textile dye Methylene Blue from an aqueous solution was evaluated using biosorbent derived from Kigelia africana in a batch system. The influence of adsorption parameters such as adsorbent dosage (0.10-0.50g), PH (2-12) and initial dye concentration (0.3 to 0.11 g/L) on the adsorption process was studied. It was noticed that with increase in adsorbent dosage, the uptake capacity was decreased. Dye uptake was increased by changing the PH up to 8, further increase in PH caused reduced uptake. It was observed that, dye uptake by the adsorbent increased linearly with that of initial dye concentration. Equilibrium isotherm for the adsorption of methylene blue on to adsorbent was studied through Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models. The data best fit with Freundlich model. Maximum adsorption capacity (Q ̊) was found to be 119.05mg/g. SEM and FTIR analyses of the adsorbent was performed before and after the adsorption, suggest that adsorption of the dye was through chemical interaction of the functional groups on the surface of the adsorbent. From the experimental results, it was inferred that biosorbent derived from Kigelia africana can be a potential alternate to activated carbon for textile dyes removal.
Effect of Nano Clay on Mechanical Behavior of Bamboo Fiber Reinforced Polyester Composites
Authors: Patel Kundan , Patel Jay , Gohil Piyush , Chaudhary Vijaykumar
Published: February 2018

Composite materials play a vital role in many industrial applications. Researchers are working on fabrication of new composite materials worldwide to enhance the applicability of these materials. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of Nano clay loading as filler on the mechanical properties of the bamboo fiber yarn reinforced polyester composite. Five different types of composite specimen were prepared with Nano clay loadings of 0 to 4 % weight fraction using hand lay-up technique. It was observed that the composite sheet with 1 wt % nano clay content exhibited the optimized tensile and flexural strength. However the mechanical properties tend to decrease with addition of nano clay content from 2 to 4 wt %. In spite of that the values of mechanical properties with 2 and 3 wt % nano clay content is higher than 0 wt % nano clay content.
Margin of Safety Estimation of Tongue and Groove Joint of Rocket Motors with Discontinuous End Ring
Authors: Vinod G. , Bhadra Manashkumar , Narayanan K.S. , Thaddeus Basker V.
Published: February 2018

Rocket motors are used worldwide in both upper and booster stages.Solid rockets can provide high thrust for relatively low cost. Considering the large size of solid motors, these motors are to be designed as segmented motor cases. Segmented motor cases have to be joined by segment joint. Segment joint with tongue and groove configuration provides performance reliability in effective sealing of joints. A tongue-and-groove arrangement employs a pressure-energized metal seal which expands radially when the cylinders are internally pressurized. The radial expansion enhances the sealing effect of the metal seal between the tongue and the groove. Metal end rings welded to the shell motor cases and shear pins for the final assembly provides the sealing. The load sharing among the pins depends on the presence of the slit in a ring, whole & pin dimensional clearances, internal pressure and friction between the metal end rings. Structural analysis of a discontinuous metallic segment ring and shear pins iscarried out in this study. Structural analysis is based on detailed solid model for the segment joint. The load augmentation in the shear pin near the discontinuity is worked out based on a load augmentation factor derived out of FE analysis. The study further extended to a deviation in a nearby hole / pin combination at the vicinity of the discontinuity and is presented in this paper.
Design and Analysis of Powered Ankle-Foot Mechanism Using Hydraulic System
Authors: Debta Sanghamitra , Kumar Kaushik
Published: February 2018

Currently available foot prosthesis model are more than 50 in number. In order to perform some extraordinary errands, for example, strolling, moving, cycling, golfing, swimming, snow skiing or running they are employed. Many are waterproof and made of lightweight materials, for example, plastic, metal combinations and carbon-fiber composites. Prosthetic feet can be essential (unmoving), explained (moving in at least one bearings), or element reaction (putting away and returning vitality when strolling, giving a feeling of "pushing off," much like the human foot). However there are certain problems which are not completely tackled by the currently available prosthesis for which the walking pattern remains strongly disturbed. Today's prosthetic feet may have toe and heel springs to permit more lower leg development and movable heel statures, and to assimilate stun but the load distribution is not proper which leads to fatigue. In this paper, a powered ankle-foot prosthesis mechanism that aims at the equal distribution of the load using a hydraulic system in order to store the energy in the spring over the movement of prosthetic ankle was presented. Although the prosthetic foot presented in this paper is driven by an electric-motor it is made lighter and robust than the currently available ones. Some primary experiments were conducted by taking the forces acting to account. A 3-D model of the proposed design was made using piston cylinder arrangement in order to get a real ankle like movement, thereafter the stress analysis of the same was done and results were discussed.
Studies on Notch Tensile Properties of Ti-5Al-2.5Sn ELI at Cryogenic Temperature for Hydrogen Embrittlement Effect
Authors: Antony Prabhu T. , Murugesan N. , Ingersol S. , Sudhakar D.P. , Venkitakrishnan P.V.
Published: February 2018

Ti-5Al-2.5Sn alloy is widely used in aerospace applications due to its high specific strength, low coefficient of thermal expansion and good corrosion resistance. Presence of interstitial elements in the alloy has some significant effects on its properties. However the high notch toughness and cryogenic ductility attracts the usage of Ti-5Al-2.5Sn for usage at cryogenic temperatures even at 20K. For hydrogen embrittlement studies and for investigating notch sensitivity of Ti-5Al-2.5Sn alloy, the notched and smooth specimens from ELI grade of Ti-5Al-2.5Sn alloy were subjected to LH2 exposure and tensile test at 20K (-253°C) and at 77K (-196°C). The tensile properties obtained from different specimens were compared and analyzed. Also the notch to smooth tensile strength ratio (NSR) were compared and analysed. The obtained NSR was above unity which confirms the low notch brittleness. The tensile strength values between LH2 exposed and unexposed specimen at 20K and 77K were compared and it revealed greater compatibility of Ti-5Al-2.5Sn-ELI with liquid hydrogen environment.
Thermal Performance on Portable Mini Solar Pond Using NaCl and Coal Cinder
Authors: Sathish Dhandapani , Veeramanikandan M. , Thirunavukkarasu R. , Tamilselvan R. , Karthickmunisamy T.
Published: February 2018

Solar energy is being used in many ways, but the easiest to trap solar energy is solar pond. Solar Ponds absorb the solar energy and the absorbed solar energy will be taken away by a streaming fluid. A non-convective solar pond has been constructed to investigate the temperature variations of it, in the weather conditions of Pachapalayam, Coimbatore. Solar pond with a surface area of 1.7m2, a depth of 0.5m has been built-up and an inflexible surface is maintained at the bottom using a dark-colored (blackened) HDPE sheet, thermo styrene for capturing the heat in a good amount. Measurement of the temperature at depths of 0.05, 0.1. 0.2, 0.25, 0.3, 0.35, 0.4 0.45, m from the base of the pond and ambient temperature were taken using washer type thermocouples. Solar radiations were taken during a period of 10 days of experimentation using a solar power meter. In this experimental work investigated the performance of solar pond with NaCl salt and coal cinder
Influence of Crack on the Instability of GFRP Composite Cylindrical Shells under Combined Loading
Authors: Angelina Catherine B. , Priyadarsini R.S.
Published: February 2018

Buckling is a prominent condition of instability caused to a shell structure as a result of axial loadings. The process of buckling becomes more complex while analyzing thin walled structures like shells. Today such thin walled laminated composite shells are gaining more importance in many defense and industrial applications since they have greater structural efficiency and performance in relation to isotropic structures. Comprehensive understanding of the buckling response of shell structures is necessary to assure the integrity of these shells during their service life. The presence of defects, such as cracks, may severely compromise their buckling behavior and jeopardize the structural integrity. This work aims in conducting numerical analysis of cracked GFRP (Glass fibre-reinforced polymer) composite cylindrical shells under combined loading to study the effect of crack size on the buckling behavior of laminated composite cylindrical shells with different lay-up sequences. The numerical analyses were carried out using the finite element software, ABAQUS in order to predict the buckling behaviour of cracked laminated composite cylinders subject to different combinations of axial compression, torsion, internal pressure and external pressure from the interaction buckling curves.
In memoriam of Prof. Aurelio Bairati
Authors: Perotti Maria Elisa
Published: February 2018

In memoriam of Prof. Aurelio Bairati
Energy transport, polar amplification, and ITCZ shifts in the GeoMIP G1 ensemble
Authors: Russotto Rick D. , Ackerman Thomas P.
Published: February 2018

Abstract. The polar amplification of warming and the ability of the Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) to shift to the north or south are two very important problems in climate science. Examining these behaviors in global climate models (GCMs) running solar geoengineering experiments is helpful not only for predicting the effects of solar geoengineering but also for understanding how these processes work under increased carbon dioxide (CO2). Both polar amplification and ITCZ shifts are closely related to the meridional transport of moist static energy (MSE) by the atmosphere. This study examines changes in MSE transport in 10 fully coupled GCMs in experiment G1 of the Geoengineering Model Intercomparison Project (GeoMIP), in which the solar constant is reduced to compensate for the radiative forcing from abruptly quadrupled CO2 concentrations. In G1, poleward MSE transport decreases relative to preindustrial conditions in all models, in contrast to the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project phase 5 (CMIP5) abrupt4xCO2 experiment, in which poleward MSE transport increases. We show that since poleward energy transport decreases rather than increases, and local feedbacks cannot change the sign of an initial temperature change, the residual polar amplification in the G1 experiment must be due to the net positive forcing in the polar regions and net negative forcing in the tropics, which arise from the different spatial patterns of the simultaneously imposed solar and CO2 forcings. However, the reduction in poleward energy transport likely plays a role in limiting the polar warming in G1. An attribution study with a moist energy balance model shows that cloud feedbacks are the largest source of uncertainty regarding changes in poleward energy transport in midlatitudes in G1, as well as for changes in cross-equatorial energy transport, which are anticorrelated with ITCZ shifts.
Exploring systematic offsets between aerosol products from the
two MODIS sensors
Authors: Levy Robert C. , Mattoo Shana , Sawyer Virginia , Shi Yingxi , Colarco Peter R. , Lyapustin Alexei I. , Wang Yujie , Remer Lorraine A.
Published: February 2018

Abstract. Long-term measurements of global aerosol loading and optical properties are essential for assessing climate-related questions. Using observations of spectral reflectance and radiance, the dark-target (DT) aerosol retrieval algorithm has been applied to Moderate-resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer sensors on both Terra (MODIS-T) and Aqua (MODIS-A) satellites, deriving products (known as MOD04 and MYD04, respectively) of global aerosol optical depth (AOD at 0.55 μm) over both land and ocean, and Angstrom Exponent (AE derived from 0.55 and 0.86 μmm) over ocean. Here, we analyse the overlapping time series (since mid-2002) of the Collection 6 (C6) aerosol products. Global monthly mean AOD from MOD04 (Terra with morning overpass) is consistently higher than MYD04 (Aqua with afternoon overpass) by ~13 % (~0.02 over land and ~0.015 over ocean), and this offset (MOD04 – MYD04), has seasonal as well as long-term variability. Focusing on 2008, and deriving yearly gridded mean AOD and AE, we find that over ocean, the MOD04 (morning) AOD is higher and the AE is lower. Over land, there is more variability, but only biomass-burning regions tend to have AOD lower for MOD04. Using simulated aerosol fields from the Goddard Earth Observing System (GEOS-5) Earth system model, and sampling separately (in time and space) along each MODIS-observed swath during 2008, the magnitudes of morning versus afternoon offsets of AOD and AE are smaller than those in the C6 products. Since the differences are not easily attributed to either aerosol diurnal cycles or sampling issues, we test additional corrections to the input reflectance data. The first, known as C6+, corrects for long-term changes to each sensors' polarization sensitivity, response-versus-scan angle, and to cross-calibration from MODIS-T to MODIS-A. A second convolves the de-trending and cross-calibration into scaling factors. Each method was applied upstream of the aerosol retrieval, using 2008 data. While both methods reduced the overall AOD offset over land from 0.02 to 0.01, neither significantly reduced the AOD offset over ocean. The overall negative AE offset was reduced. A Collection (C6.1) of all MODIS-atmosphere products was released, but we expect that the C6.1 aerosol products will maintain similar overall AOD and AE offsets. We conclude that: a) users should not interpret global differences between Terra and Aqua aerosol products as representing a true diurnal signal in the aerosol. b) Because the MODIS-A product appears to have overall smaller bias compared to ground-truth, it may be more suitable for some applications, however c) since the AOD offset is only ~0.02 and within noise level for single retrievals, both MODIS products may be adequate for most applications.
Influence of climate variability, fire and phosphorus limitation on vegetation structure and dynamics of the Amazon–Cerrado border
Authors: Dionizio Emily Ane , Heil Costa Marcos , Castanho Andrea D. de Almeida , Ferreira Pires Gabrielle , Schwantes Marimon Beatriz , Hur Marimon-Junior Ben , Lenza Eddie , Martins Pimenta Fernando , Yang Xiaojuan , Jain Atul K.
Published: February 2018

Abstract. Climate, fire and soil nutrient limitation are important elements that affect vegetation dynamics in areas of the forest–savanna transition. In this paper, we use the dynamic vegetation model INLAND to evaluate the influence of interannual climate variability, fire and phosphorus (P) limitation on Amazon–Cerrado transitional vegetation structure and dynamics. We assess how each environmental factor affects net primary production, leaf area index and aboveground biomass (AGB), and compare the AGB simulations to an observed AGB map. We used two climate data sets (monthly average climate for 1961–1990 and interannual climate variability for 1948–2008), two data sets of total soil P content (one based on regional field measurements and one based on global data), and the INLAND fire module. Our results show that the inclusion of interannual climate variability, P limitation and fire occurrence each contribute to simulating vegetation types that more closely match observations. These effects are spatially heterogeneous and synergistic. In terms of magnitude, the effect of fire is strongest and is the main driver of vegetation changes along the transition. Phosphorus limitation, in turn, has a stronger effect on transitional ecosystem dynamics than interannual climate variability does. Overall, INLAND typically simulates more than 80 % of the AGB variability in the transition zone. However, the AGB in many places is clearly not well simulated, indicating that important soil and physiological factors in the Amazon–Cerrado border region, such as lithology, water table depth, carbon allocation strategies and mortality rates, still need to be included in the model.
Multi-scale modeling of urban air pollution: development and application of a Street-in-Grid model (v1.0) by coupling MUNICH (v1.0) and Polair3D (v1.8.1)
Authors: Kim Youngseob , Wu You , Seigneur Christian , Roustan Yelva
Published: February 2018

Abstract. A new multi-scale model of urban air pollution is presented. This model combines a chemistry–transport model (CTM) that includes a comprehensive treatment of atmospheric chemistry and transport on spatial scales down to 1 km and a street-network model that describes the atmospheric concentrations of pollutants in an urban street network. The street-network model is the Model of Urban Network of Intersecting Canyons and Highways (MUNICH), which consists of two main components: a street-canyon component and a street-intersection component. MUNICH is coupled to the Polair3D CTM of the Polyphemus air quality modeling platform to constitute the Street-in-Grid (SinG) model. MUNICH is used to simulate the concentrations of the chemical species in the urban canopy, which is located in the lowest layer of Polair3D, and the simulation of pollutant concentrations above rooftops is performed with Polair3D. Interactions between MUNICH and Polair3D occur at roof level and depend on a vertical mass transfer coefficient that is a function of atmospheric turbulence. SinG is used to simulate the concentrations of nitrogen oxides (NOx) and ozone (O3) in a Paris suburb. Simulated concentrations are compared to NOx concentrations measured at two monitoring stations within a street canyon. SinG shows better performance than MUNICH for nitrogen dioxide (NO2) concentrations. However, both SinG and MUNICH underestimate NOx. For the case study considered, the model performance for NOx concentrations is not sensitive to using a complex chemistry model in MUNICH and the Leighton NO–NO2–O3 set of reactions is sufficient.
SMRT: An active / passive microwave radiative transfer model for
snow with multiple microstructure and scattering formulations
(v1.0)
Authors: Picard Ghislain , Sandells Melody , Löwe Henning
Published: February 2018

Abstract. The Snow Microwave Radiative Transfer (SMRT) thermal emission and backscatter model was developed to determine uncertainties in forward modeling through intercomparison of different model ingredients. The model differs from established models by the high degree of flexibility in switching between different electromagnetic theories, representations of snow microstructure, and other modules involved in various calculation steps. SMRT v1.0 includes the Dense Media Radiative Transfer theory (DMRT), the Improved Born Approximation (IBA) and independent Rayleigh scatterers to compute the intrinsic electromagnetic properties of a snow layer. In the case of IBA, five different formulations of the autocorrelation function to describe the snow microstructure characteristics are available, including the sticky hard sphere model, for which close equivalence between IBA and DMRT theories has been shown here. Validation is demonstrated against established theories and models. SMRT was used to identify that several former studies conducting simulations with in-situ measured snow properties are now comparable and moreover appear to be quantitatively nearly equivalent. This study also proves that a third parameter is needed in addition to density and specific surface area to characterize the microstructure. The paper provides a comprehensive description of the mathematical basis of SMRT and its numerical implementation in Python. Modularity supports model extensions foreseen in future versions comprising other media (e.g. sea-ice, frozen lakes), different scattering theories, rough surface models, or new microstructure models.
Contributions of Catchment and In-Stream Processes to Suspended Sediment Transport in a Dominantly Groundwater-Fed Catchment
Authors: Liu Yan , Zarfl Christiane , Basu Nandita B. , Schwientek Marc , Cirpka Olaf A.
Published: February 2018

Abstract. Suspended sediments impact stream water quality by increasing the turbidity and acting as a vector for strongly sorbing pollutants. Understanding their sources is of great importance to develop appropriate river management strategies. In this study, we present an integrated sediment transport model composed of a catchment-scale hydrological model to predict river discharge, a river-hydraulics model to obtain shear stresses in the channel, a sediment-generating model, and a river sediment-transport model. We use this framework to investigate the sediment contributions from catchment and in-stream processes in the Ammer catchment close to Tübingen in South-West Germany. The model is calibrated to stream flow and suspended-sediment concentrations. We use the monthly mean suspended-sediment load to analyze seasonal variations of different processes. The contributions of catchment and in-stream processes to the total loads are demonstrated by model simulations under different flow conditions. The evaluation of shear stresses by the river-hydraulics model allows identifying hotspots and hot moments of bed erosion for the main stem of the Ammer River. The results suggest that the contributions of suspended-sediment loads from urban areas and in-stream processes are higher in the summer months, while deposition has small variations with a slight increase in summer months. The catchment input, bed erosion, and bank erosion increase with an increase in flow rates. Bed erosion and bank erosion are negligible when flow is smaller than the corresponding thresholds of 1.5 m3 s−1 and 2.5 m3 s−1, respectively. The bed-erosion rate is higher during the summer months and varies along the main stem. Over the simulated time period, net sediment trapping is observed in the Ammer River. The present work is the basis to study particle-facilitated transport of pollutants in the system, helping to understand fate and transport of sediments and sediment-bound pollutants.
Saturated and unsaturated salt transport in peat from a constructed fen
Authors: Simhayov Reuven B. , Weber Tobias K. D. , Price Jonathan S.
Published: February 2018

Abstract. The underlying processes governing solute transport in peat from an
experimentally constructed fen peatland were analyzed by performing
saturated and unsaturated solute breakthrough experiments using
Na+ and Cl− as reactive and non-reactive solutes,
respectively. We tested the performance of three solute transport
models, including the classical equilibrium convection–dispersion
equation (CDE), a chemical non-equilibrium one-site adsorption model
(OSA) and a model to account for physical non-equilibrium, the
mobile–immobile (MIM) phases. The selection was motivated by the
fact that the applicability of the MIM in peat soils finds a wide
consensus. However, results from inverse modeling and a robust
statistical evaluation of this peat provide evidence that the
measured breakthrough of the conservative tracer, Cl−, could
be simulated well using the CDE. Furthermore, the very high
Damköhler number (which approaches infinity) suggests
instantaneous equilibration between the mobile and immobile phases
underscoring the redundancy of the MIM approach for this particular
peat. Scanning electron microscope images of the peat show the
typical multi-pore size distribution structures have been
homogenized sufficiently by decomposition, such that physical
non-equilibrium solute transport no longer governs the transport
process. This result is corroborated by the fact the soil hydraulic
properties were adequately described using a unimodal van
Genuchten–Mualem model between saturation and a pressure head of
∼-1000 cm of water. Hence, MIM was not the most
suitable choice, and the long tailing of the Na+
breakthrough curve was caused by chemical
non-equilibrium. Successful description was possible using the OSA
model. To test our results for the unsaturated case, we conducted an
unsaturated steady-state evaporation experiment to drive Na+
and Cl− transport. Using the parameterized transport models
from the saturated experiments, we could numerically simulate the
unsaturated transport using Hydrus-1-D. The simulation showed a good
prediction of observed values, confirming the suitability of the
parameters for use in a slightly unsaturated transport
simulation. The findings improve the understanding of solute
redistribution in the constructed fen and imply that MIM should not
be automatically assumed for solute transport in peat but rather
should be evidence based.
Supplement 1
Authors: - -
Published: February 2018

The 24rd Norwegian Conference on Epidemiology
El programa de transferencia monetaria de Honduras “bono 10 mil”: su caracterización e impacto socio-económico
Authors: Díaz Margarita Elizabeth
Published: February 2018

Las transferencias monetarias condicionadas en Honduras son una estrategia para llegar a los hogares más postergados y con mayores limitaciones de sobrevivencia, un modelo para aminorar el efecto de las medidas estructurales económicas y que limitaron el acceso al mercado laboral de muchos hondureños desde los años 90´s, Lo que produjo un efecto negativo en el mejoramiento de los niveles de pobreza. En este análisis se presentaron una serie de variables socio-económicas que definen el programa Bono 10 mil, de manera de caracterizarlo y a partir del cual establecer el impacto que ha tenido sobre los hondureños beneficiados por el programa.
Contexto industrial en competitividad: estrategia de manufactura y tecnología en producción
Authors: Ortega Jimenez César H. , Arana Iván A. , Alfalla Rafaela , Pérez-Díez José Luis
Published: February 2018

Las fábricas tienen que implementar programas de operaciones, con el fin de no sólo mejorar la competitividad, sino también de mantener una mejora continua que les permita enfrentar los desafíos por los cambios constantes del contexto industrial. Entre dichos programas, la gestión de tecnología (GT) y la estrategia de manufactura (EM) podrían ser un factor de importancia para mejorar la competitividad. El propósito de este estudio es verificar empíricamente la relación entre ambos programas en las industrias de maquinaria y electrónica, tomando en cuenta algunas variables contextuales. Para evaluar las hipótesis establecidas, usamos la base de datos del proyecto internacional de Manufactura de Alto Rendimiento (por sus siglas en inglés, HPM) y análisis de regresión jerárquico. Los hallazgos muestran que para ambos sectores la incorporación de GT mejoró la competitividad. Sin embargo, solo una de las variables contextuales, capacidad productiva de la fábrica, tiene una relación consistente con la competitividad en el sector de electrónica.
Polish Footprint on Canadian Art
Authors: Chwojko-Srawley Ewa
Published: February 2018

Until the second half of the twentieth century, art in Canada meant painting, with other forms (sculpture, tapestry, ceramics, etc.) being marginalized, relegated to a kind of second-class display. Their creators were stylized, not as artists but more pejoratively as artisans—people who executed a useful trade. European immigrants changed this parochial view. They brought with them the European perspective, that inspiration and genius can be found in a wide range of creative endeavor, and they patiently imposed this perspective on Canada. This article describes the contributions of some of these people, the Polish immigrant artists of the last decades of the twentieth century.
Access and Barriers: The Publications and Resources NAEA Members Use
Authors: Buffington Melanie L. , Sutters Justin P.
Published: February 2018

This paper explores the responses to three survey questions related to the resources art educators use to develop their practice. Additionally, we share the barriers they perceive in accessing resources, including the lack of time, lack of training, and lack of relevance to their practice. Through analyzing quantitative and qualitative responses, we found that the respondents read a range of traditional and nontraditional publications. A large portion of the respondents indicated their use of social media related to art education. In terms of barriers to accessing resources, participants indicated numerous structural and temporal constraints and also indicated preferences for social forms of learning through engaging with others. Further, we suggest ways for NAEA and state organizations to respond to the changing ways educators create and use information in our field.
O controle de convencionalidade e as transformações no constitucionalismo contemporâneo: a ADPF 153 e a decisão da corte interamericana de direitos humanos no caso Gomes Lund
Authors: Antunes Fernando Luis Coelho
Published: February 2018

O objetivo do presente artigo é discutir as transformações no constitucionalismo contemporâneo e o impacto no direito constitucional nacional, notadamente no controle de constitucionalidade das leis, no contexto do transconstitucionalismo e diante da perspectiva do controle de convencionalidade ser utilizado no Brasil, considerando a tensão entre o julgamento da Arguição de Descumprimento de Preceito Fundamental (ADPF) nº 153/DF pelo Supremo Tribunal Federal (STF) em 2010 e, no mesmo ano, a decisão da Corte Interamericana no caso Gomes Lund, que condenou o Estado brasileiro por crimes cometidos na Guerrilha do Araguaia. O tema suscita ainda reflexões sobre a influência do direito internacional dos direitos humanos no direito interno e permanece em aberto no Brasil, uma vez que o STF ainda não julgou os embargos de declaração proposto pelo Conselho Federal da OAB na ADPF nº 153 e foi proposta uma nova ADPF, a nº 320/DF, com o intuito de questionar os efeitos da Lei de Anistia de 1979 diante da condenação do Brasil no caso Gomes Lund na Corte Interamericana de Direitos Humanos e requerer o cumprimento integral dos pontos decisórios da sentença da Corte IDH pelo Estado brasileiro. O trabalho, portanto, utilizará a metodologia crítico-analítica e examinará as novas tendências do constitucionalismo de modo interdisciplinar, com ênfase no direito constitucional, no direito internacional e nos direitos humanos internacionais, bem como nas diretrizes da justiça de transição e do processo de direito à memória e à verdade em curso no país.
A mitigação das assimetrias globais socioeconômicas pela cooperação internacional e pelo tratamento especial diferenciado
Authors: Baptista Rudá Ryuiti Furukita , Lobo Muniz Tânia
Published: February 2018

A problemática do artigo se extrai da identificação no cenário internacional de desigualdades entre os Estados, em especial no que diz respeito ao nível de desenvolvimento e a concentração de riquezas destes que permite formular o seguinte questionamento: há prognóstico jurídico para a mitigação destas assimetrias globais? O tema se justifica na necessidade da promoção de um ambiente que garanta a igualdade material pela percepção das vulnerabilidades dos países menos desenvolvidos e em desenvolvimento. Para tanto, indica-se duas possíveis soluções: a) a concretização do princípio da cooperação internacional por meio de políticas de cooperação norte-sul e cooperação sul-sul; b) a adoção do tratamento especial e diferenciado no âmbito do sistema multilateral do comércio. A pesquisa se pauta na revisão doutrinária bibliográfica, cujo recorte teórico se concentra no âmbito do direito internacional econômico, bem como na análise de dados oficiais e classificações elaborados por instituições e organizações do direito internacional.
Dissolução das sociedades a luz das alterações previstas no Código de Processo Civil de 2015
Authors: Lisboa Leticia Lobato Anicet , Sant’Anna Leonardo Da Silva
Published: February 2018

O presente artigo tem como objetivo apresentar as alterações promovidas pela Lei nº 13.105, de 16 de março de 2015 no que tange à dissolução de sociedades. Desta forma, inicialmente serão apontadas as causas de dissolução de sociedades à luz do Código Civil de 2002. Por conseguinte, serão analisados os aspectos processuais de dissolução de sociedades estabelecidos pelo Código de Processo Civil de 1973 e Código de Processo Civil de 1939, ambos revogados pelo novo diploma processual. Ao final, serão observados os novos procedimentos processuais da dissolução de sociedades, a luz do Código de Processo Civil de 2015, especialmente o procedimento de dissolução parcial de sociedades, ali regulamentado. O método utilizado para o trabalho foi dedutivo, a pesquisa realizada foi de caráter documental e envolveu a análise de legislação, além de estudos doutrinários, jurisprudenciais e exame de artigos em periódicos.
A contribuição do Marco Ruggie aos objetivos do desenvolvimento sustentável
Authors: Setti Bruna Migliaccio , Muniz Tânia Lobo , Da Silva Marcos Claro
Published: February 2018

A proposição do presente estudo consiste na evolução da mentalidade trazida por discursos políticos e sociais a respeito do conceito de desenvolvimento sustentável. Busca-se também demonstrar que este é cada vez mais dependente do papel das empresas no cenário internacional, não somente através da tutela do meio ambiente, mas também como no ato de proteger, respeitar e remediar os direitos humanos. Para isso, denota-se necessário que os Objetivos para o Desenvolvimento Sustentável estabelecidos pela Agenda 2030 tenham como pilar Os Princípios Orientadores sobre Empresas e Direitos Humanos, constituídos a partir do Marco Ruggie. Dessa feita, a pesquisa apresenta análise complexa do termo sustentável, em suas multidimessões (social, ética, ambiental, econômica e jurídico-política), para, ao final, reconhecer que, de fato, cada vez mais os direitos humanos são essenciais para alcançar o desenvolvimento sustentável, o que representa uma responsabildiade para as empresas globais.