bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Bumdes institution and it’s capacity to increase efforts, added value and marketing of seaweed production
Authors: Saleh Syafiuddin
Published: March 2021

This study aimed to identify aspects related to the condition and institutional capacity of BUMDes (Village Owned Enterprises) in order to increase added value, marketing and seaweed farming income. This study was conducted in Takalar and Pangkep Regency as seaweed production centers and ponds in South Sulawesi. The research method used in this research was a case study with descriptive data analysis. The results shown that in the two regions there were about 62 BUMDes in Takalar Regency which spreaded in eight districts, and 55 BUMDes in Pangkep Regency spreaded in 12 districts. BUMDes are known as actively rural business units (units) but it is still not well institutionalized. Mostly BUMDes business still revolves around saving and loan businesses in a small scale. Observations in two BUMdes in seaweed production centers, namely in Laikang, Takalar Regency and in Pitusunggu, Pangkep Regency, BUMDes management has not been much in touch with seaweed agribusiness activities. The seaweed-related business unit in the BUMDes is mainly in Pangkep, in the form of processed food products (pastries) whose marketing is still limited so that added value and income are also still low. Other businesses such as trading seaweed products on a larger scale, cannot yet be developed because (1) generally seaweed farmers/cultivators use village middlemen (capital owners) so that their products must be sold back to the capital owners so that the BUMDes can make farmers as business partners (2) adequacy of BUMDes venture capital to develop businesses is still limited (3) skills of BUMDes members in managing businesses is lack (4) marketing reach, has not developed yet, (5) efforts to build partnerships with parties others are also lacking. In the next stage, the appropriate model in the development of the BUMdes is needed.
Effect of temperature and long storage against profile amino acid and value protein carbonyls fish snapper (lutjanus sp)
Authors: Husein Rahim , Abdullah N
Published: March 2021

Fish protein has high economic value to the fishing industry to improve the stability and function of fish products. This study aims to determine the effect of temperature and duration of storage of the protein amino acids snapper (Lutjanus sp) and damages resulting from the storage process. The results of the analysis of amino acid protein snapper (Lutjanus sp) for storage of 0 °C - 40 °C, respectively amino acid aspartate, glutamate, serine, glycine, alanine, histidine, arginine, tyrosine, methionine, valine, phenylalanine, isoleucine, leucine, and threonine amino acid with a total number of 88.21%, 69.00%, 67.70%, and 61.20%. Value carbonyl increases with the increase in temperature of 0°C - 40 °C by 5.2 times mol/mg/protein snapper.
Correlation between carbohydrate content, protein, and fat with compatibility of durian seed grafting (durio zibethinus. Murr)
Authors: Suharjo  , Nadja R A
Published: March 2021

Durian nurseries can be done using generative and vegetative material sources. Both sources of propagation have their respective weaknesses and strengths. To get quality seeds requires a combination of two sources of propagation material that has each of the advantages that can complement each other. The process of merging can be through grafting. The grafting method in durian nurseries can use side grafting and shoot grafting methods. The purpose of this study was to determine differences in levels of protein, carbohydrates, fats, and phytohormones from various sources and storage time of the stem. This study was compiled based on factorial designs in the Randomized Group Design (RCBD). The first factor is the source of the stem (S), which consists of 3 sources, namely the primary branch (S1), secondary branch (S2), tertiary branch (S3). The second factor is the length of storage of the stem (T) which consists of 4 levels of storage time of the scion namely: 0 days (T0), 2 days (T1), 4 days (T2) and 6 days (T3). It was concluded that the carbohydrate content of the sciots gave the highest positive contribution to the increase in the number of shoots followed by the number of leaves, percentage of living grafts, leaf area, leaf area ratio, root canopy ratio, shoot length, and stem diameter. The protein content cannot contribute to the growth of grafted seeds even has a tendency to inhibit growth. The fat content in the scion does not contribute to the growth of plant variables.
Attack intensity of sucking pods insect pest (Riptortuslinearis) in different age of soybean under drought stress conditions
Authors: Sarjan M , Fathiyani B D S , Yassi A
Published: March 2021

The aims of this investigation are to determine the level of Attack Intensity of Sucking pods Insect Pest in a different age of the soybean plant under drought stress conditions. This Investigation has been carried out in the greenhouse of the Faculty of Agriculture, University of Mataram . The experimental method was used in this investigation in the greenhouse of the Faculty of Agriculture University of Mataram. The Completely Randomized Design (CRD) factorial was used, which were treatments consisting of two factors: Age Factors of Investment Pest (A) consist of before flowering (A1), the time of flowering (A2), and when the pods are filling (A3). While Factor of gk/mdVarieties (V) consists of a variety of Anjasmoro (V1), Grobogan (V2), and Kaba (V3). Parameters measured were: 1) Age of flowering; 2) Plants High; 3) Water Needs; 4) The attack intensity of pests; 5) The number of pods; 6) The number of pods filled; 7) The number of empty pods because of pests; 8) Number of empty pods because of drought; 9) The number of seeds per plant; 10) Weight of 100 seeds; 11) Seeds results per plant; 12).The percentage of yield loss. Data were analyzed by using Analysis Of Variance (ANOVA) at 5 (five) percent significance level. Results showed that: 1) The highest sensitivity was found when pests were invested in soybean pod filling; 2) The pests release time causing the different level attack intensity and causing the different levels of yield loss. The highest yield lost was found when the pests release during pods filling, followed by pest release during flowering, and the lowest yield lost was when its release/invests before flowering.
The impacts analysis of the technological shift in rice production to directly-seeded flooded rice on output supply and input demand in Lombok West Nusa Tenggara
Authors: Halil  , Budastra K , Sjah T , Tanaya IGL Parta , Fudjaja L
Published: March 2021

The serious harvesting failure that occurred in the agricultural year 1979/1980 affected as many as 11.250 hectares. Since 1980/1981, this phenomenon inspired a technological shift in rice production to Directly-seeded flooded rice on rainfed land. Lombok, West Nusa Tenggara province achieved self-sufficiency of rice in 1984, a year before national self-sufficiency in 1985. This research aims to analyze the impact of directly-seeded flooded rice as a climate change adaptation strategy on output supply and input demand. Time series data from 2000 to 2015 was analyzed by employing Translog Profit Function and Seemingly Unrelated Regression. The results showed that Directly-seeded flooded rice as a climate change adaptation strategy has a positive impact on output supply and input demand. It indicated (1) elastic output supply subject to self-price change of rice and labor, yet inelastic to the price of seed, Urea fertilizer, TSP, and NPK fertilizer. (2) All demand inputs were inelastic subject to self-price except casual labor and herbicide, and elastic subject to output price. Herbicide and fertilizers are complementary inputs to the directly-seeded flooded rice, while herbicide and casual labor are substitution inputs. The output and inputs price changes faced by farmers have both positive as well as negative impacts on output supply and input demand. It means that inputs such as seed, fertilizers, pesticides, and energy such as petrol for hand tractors are the main physical inputs to Directly-seeded flooded rice. Those inputs were very strategic economic goods, meanings that when the price changes occurred, it disturbed supply directly and performance of rice farming, either the production side, profits, or price risk. It also has food security impacts in Lombok.
Identification of chlorophyll pigment on Gracilaria Salicornia seaweed
Authors: Lumbessy S Y , Junaidi M , Diniarti N , Setyowati D N , Mukhlis A , Tambaru Rahmadi
Published: March 2021

Gracilaria salicornia is one of the various types of seaweed that can be commercialized because it has the potential as an antioxidant due to its high chlorophyll-a pigment. The purpose of this study is to the identification of chlorophyll compound of G. Salicornia seaweeds. This identification has been carried out using Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC) method. Four compounds have been found, namely xanthophyll, chlorophyll b, chlorophyll a, and pheophytin. Xanthophyll was identified with the yellow spot on TLC plates, in which the Rf is 0.55. Chlorophyll b is a yellow-green spot with Rf is 0.60, the Rf of Chlorophyll a is 0,68 with the color blue-green, whereas pheophytin is indicated as a black spot with the Rf 0.73. Chlorophyll a have the maximum wavelength at 430 nm in the blue spectral and 662 nm in the red spectral.
Feasibility analysis of hedgerow agricultural based on mangosteen plants
Authors: Rachmat M , Azhar M , Sara Urfiana , Salam M
Published: March 2021

This research aimed to determine the feasibility analysis of a farming mangosteen- based on the hedgerow farming systems. The research was conducted in Tanah Karaeng Bili-bili Village, Manuju Sub-District, Gowa Regency, South Sulawesi Province. The research was designed using a Randomized Block Design (RBD) with four different treatments. Financial analysis was applied to the data on maize, stover production, and biomass, which were obtained in one harvest season. While productivity data obtained by assuming that this treatment carried out intensively, three times a year. As a result, the treatment of mangosteen hedgerow, gamal, maize, and miscanthus (P1) farming systems, mangosteen hedgerow farming systems, gamal, corn, and setaria (P2), mangosteen hedgerow, gamal, corn, and elephant grass systems (P3) at the beginning of farming years 1 -6 have made a great benefit. The highest revenue obtained from the P3 treatment and the lowest one from the control treatment of P0 (mangosteen hedgerow agriculture system, mamal, corn). This study proves that the integrated hedgerow farming systems could increase farmers’ income and very worthy of being applied to a marginal dry land, particularly in the skewed topography in the future.
Business feasibility analysis of quail cattle (Cortunix japonica) in quinsha farm
Authors: Zainal  , Tandi Ismail , Juwita Sartika , Darma R
Published: March 2021

Quail is one of the livestock that is easily cultivated and has advantages, namely high egg, and meat production and a short and easy maintenance period. Another feature of quail is that it has a short life cycle, a small body that does not require a large space. The purpose of this study was to determine the feasibility of the quail laying business of Quinsha Farm (Takalar Quail House) in terms of economic aspects. The research method used is descriptive research method by analyzing the quail farm business directly in Quinsha Farm (Takalar Quail House). The results of the study of business feasibility analysis at Quinsha Farm (TakalarQuail House) are an Investment Cost of Rp. 98,000,000 - production costs Rp. 262,252,000 - receipts of Rp. 576,900,000 -, profits, Rp. 281,253,536 - R/C Ratio 1.95 B/C Ratio of 0.95 ROI of 46.20% BEP Price of Rp. 16,667 - BEP Production of 9,855 Shelves and PBP 6.27 Months. The conclusion of this Business Analysis Study is the laying quail farming business in Quinsha Farm (Takalar Quail House) that is profitable and feasible to develop.
Effectiveness seed age to growth and production (Oryza sativa l.) on hazton system
Authors: Ramli  , Bahrun  , Rafiuddin
Published: March 2021

This study aims to determine the effect of seed age on the growth and production of rice in the Hazton system. The study method was arranged based on Plot Design, consisting of 2 treatments and four replications so that eight plots obtained. The result of T- test analysis showed that seed treatment 26 days after distribution gave significant effect to plant height 100,8 cm, the number of tiller 41,45 in each tiller, productive panicle 29,6 panicles, panicle length 25,8 cm, production Weight of dry unhulled rice 8.47 ton/ha and weight of dry milled grain 7.44 ton /ha.
Compatibility of biofresh and agrisoy biological agents in various types of organic materials against increased resistance to mosaic virus and soy productivity in ultisol land
Authors: Khaeruni A , Sulqifly  , Wijayanto T , Sutariati G A K , Hemon T , Satrah V N , Asniah  , Hamdayanty H
Published: March 2021

The subject of the research was aimed to assess the compatibility of organic matter and bio-fertilizers type in improving plant resistance to disease mosaic virus (SMV) and the production of soybean on Ultisol. This study was conducted by two phases; the first phase was compatibility testing of Bokashi types and biological fertilizers to improve plant resistance to disease mosaic virus (Soybean mosaic virus) and Production of Soybean (Glycine max L. Merrill), organized by Split plot Design in a randomized block design consisting of 16 treatment repeated three replications. Therefore, there were 48 experimental units. Data were analyzed using analysis of variance followed by Duncan’s Multiple Range Test if the treatment significantly. The results showed that both of the biological agents Biofresh and Agrisoy that applied with soybean litter compost is able to improve the resistance to disease mosaic virus (Soybean mosaic virus) and productivity of soybean in Ultisol.
Effectiveness of endo-rhizobacteria as growth promoters and biological control of moler disease in shallots (Allium ascalonicum L.)
Authors: Sutariati G A K , Khaeruni A , Madiki A , Mudi L , Aco A , Ramadhani S A , Adri R M , Mantja K
Published: March 2021

The study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of endo-rhizobacteria in spurring plant growth and controlling disease in local Wakatobi shallots. The study was conducted at the Agrotechnology Laboratory of the Agronomy Unit, and Screen House of the Faculty of Agriculture, the University of Halu Oleo, from March to June 2019. The study used a completely randomized design with eight treatments, namely without endo-rhizobacteria (control ), Be03 (B) + W2R06 (R) isolates. ) (B + R), isolate SWRII B02 (S) + Bacillus sp. CKD061 (C) (S + C), S + R, B + R + C, B + S + C, S + R + C and B + S + R + C. Each treatment was repeated 3 times so that there were 24 experimental units. The variables observed were plant height, number of tillers, number of leaves, the incidence of moler disease, and salicylic acid production. Observational data were analyzed using analysis of variance, followed by Duncan’s multiple range test α 0.05 and regression analysis to see the relationship between salicylic acid production and the incidence of moler disease. The results showed that endo-rhizobacteria inoculation of Wakatobi local onion seeds was able to increase plant growth and was able to control disease in local Wakatobi shallots. Endo-rhizobacterial combination treatment of SWRII B02 + Bacillus sp. CKD061 (S + C) was able to increase plant height by 30.42%, number of tillers 72.03%, number of leaves 88.03%, salicylic acid production 24.36%, and reduce the incidence of moler disease by up to 100% when compared to controls. Seed treatment with a combination of endo- rhizobacteria isolates from SWRII B02 + Bacillus sp. CKD061 can be recommended as a growth booster and biological control of cancer in onions.
Spatial analysis of flood-prone areas and harvest failures in the Wanggu Southeast Sulawesi Watershed
Authors: Alwi L , Marwah S , Akmal
Published: March 2021

Increased land-use change and geomorphological conditions such as rainfall factors, the level of slope, altitude of the place, soil texture, natural drainage density, and influence of infrastructure development affected to DAS hydrological response and caused of increased flood insecurity in the region. The study aims to analyze the factors of causes of flood insecurity and its impacts in the cities of Kendari and DAS Wanggu and to know the level and distribution of flooding in the area of DAS Wanggu by utilizing Geographic Information system (GIS) as well as knowing the loss of rice paddy and scattered rice. This research uses methods of surveying and scoring, weighted, and overlay on some parameters of the flood cause. The results showed that DAS Wanggu has a high rainfall of 200-360 mm per month and is categorized as a wetland, land use does not fit the class with a flat slope of 40.1%, soil texture medium to rough 82.3%, altitude place 26 m – 50 m 29.0%, medium drainage density is 89.3%, soil hydrological properties are inadequate. There are four classes of flood vulnerability dominated by the prone class-very prone to 17,857.12 ha (56.2%) 1) and the rest of the class safe 8,799.60 ha (27.7%) and somewhat prone to 5083.65 ha (16.0%). Loss of Stutty harvest due to flooding on rice paddy fields, corn, peanuts, and red chili with a total area of 6,499.4 ha amounting to Rp 105,508,937,000.
Aqua in the archipelagic state: human security of Sama Bajo fishers in Eastern Indonesia
Authors: Wianti N , Ola T L , Tadjuddah M , Suriana  , Buana T , Abdullah S , Wunawarsih I A , Ramli A R
Published: March 2021

This essay examines the differences and similarities in the Sama Bajo human security that have been patterned by transformation Sama Bajo and land-dwellers social relation in three Sama Bajo communities in a marine protected area. Using semi-structured interviews, questionnaires from 120 respondents of the Sama Bajo fishers, literature studies, and positivistic research analysis, this study has found that generally, the Sama Bajo in Eastern Indonesia threatened their human security because of several issues. However, the research results indicate that the degree of insecure will be different based on five indicators of Sama Bajo human security.
Effect of ameliorants on canopy architectures of jack bean (Canavalia ensiformis) cultivated in marginal soils
Authors: Prasetyowati S E , Sunaryo Y
Published: March 2021

A research dealing with the effect of ameliorants on jack bean cultivated in marginal soils i.e. sandy, grumusol, and podsolic soil can be an interesting report. This research was carried out in dry season in 2017, 2018, and 2019 for sandy, grumusol, and podsolic soil respectively. The research relating with the cultivation of jack bean in sandy soil was conducted in sandy beach area of Kulonprogo Regency, Yogyakarta. Whereas, the research dealing with the cultivation of jack bean in grumusol as well as podsolic soil were carried out in Gunung Kidul Regency, Yogyakarta. Kinds of ameliorants i.e. chicken, goat, cow, and green manure were used as factor of the treatments. The variables of leaf number, productive branch number, and plant height were observed. Results of the research indicated that the application of chicken manure gave better growth of plant canopy of jack bean in sandy, grumusol, as well as in podsolic soil, except in grumusol soil there were no significantly different of ameliorant application on the productive branch number of the plants.
The potential of Beauveria bassiana vuill to control rice leaf roller cnaphalocrocis medinalis guenee
Authors: Abdullah T , Kuswinanti T , Aminah S N , Asman Asman
Published: March 2021

The pest presence and environmental condition is very important factor on agricultural production especially manage rice growth in wetland. The purpose of the research is to study the role of Beauveria bassiana Vuill as entomopathogenic fungi against rice leaf roller Cnaphalochrosis medinalis Guenee (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) in wetland rice field. Experimental research was held in Pest Laboratory, Plant Pests and Diseases Department, Faculty of Agriculture Hasanuddin University in March to August 2018. The source of C. medinalis larval from rice field in Moncongloe Bulu village, Maros district, South Sulawesi. B. bassiana isolate from Disease Laboratory collection in applied concentration 106 cfu to all of the treatment. The result showed in five days after applied B. bassiana the effective treatment control is P4 = C. medinalis sprayed and dipped rice leaves as food of larvae (100%) then P3 = dipped rice leaves into B. bassiana (90%); P2 = sprayed B. bassiana to body of C. medinalis larval (50%) and P1 = control (30%), respectively. The total mortality of C. medinalis after application B. bassiana started at five days in P4, faster than another treatment. The result of research, B. bassiana is very useful and safety manage population of C. medinalis in rice field.
Factors that influence the intention of consuming vegetables from fertilizing biosolids (human faeces fertilizer)
Authors: Novanda R R , Yunita E , Amiruddin A
Published: March 2021

Human waste is one of the great potentials to produce fertilizer for plants. Manure fertilizer called biosolid fertilizer. Biosolid fertilizer can increase crop yields and supply nutrients for plants. The use of biosolids for vegetables is considered very good economically. The potential for this biosolid fertilizer is very large applied to vegetable crops to increase vegetable productivity in Bengkulu province. The purpose of this study is to analyze what factors influence the intention to consume vegetables derived from biosolid fertilizer. The study was conducted in several traditional markets in the city of Bengkulu. The traditional markets are Pasar Minggu and Panorama Market. The research location was chosen purposively because the two markets are centers of vegetable sales in the city of Bengkulu. The study was conducted in June 2019. The data collected was analyzed quantitatively (Partial least square) and descriptive approach. The results obtained are Attitude toward the behavior significantly influences the intention to consume vegetables from biosolid fertilizer with a T-count value of 2.170. Subjective Norm has a significant effect on the intention to consume vegetables from biosolid fertilizer with a T-count value of 6.294, as well as the Perceived Behavior Control significantly influence the intention to consume vegetables from biosolid fertilizer with a T-count value of 2.530.
Synthesis protein of rumen microbial and the growth of balinese cattle that given heteropogon contortus and pteracorpus indicus will leaf that supplemented paraserianthes falcataria l of leaf
Authors: Sio Stefanus , Iswoyo H
Published: March 2021

A research about the synthesis protein of rumen microbial and the growth of Bali cattle that given Heteropogon contortus and pteracorpus indicus will leaf that supplemented paraserianthes falcataria l of leaf has been. The experiment used a completely randomized block design (CRDB) consisted of four treatment rations with three groups of body weight as replicates. A replicates consisted of three bali cattle. Ration that given, consisted of A (80 % Heteropogon + 20 % Angsana Leaf), B (80 % Heteropogon + 20 % Angsana Leaf + 10 % of sengon leaf), C (80% Heteropogon + 20 % Angsana Leaf + 15 % of sengon leaf) and D (80% Heterpogon + 20 % Angsana Leaf + 20 % of sengon leaf). Variable of research were measured: synthesis protein of rumen microbial, Dry matter intake, nutrient intake, the weight of body gain and feed convertion ratio. The results of this experiment showed that given 20 % of sengon laut as significantly increased synthesis protein of rumen microbial, dry matter intake, nutrients intake, the daily weight of body gain, and feed conversion ratio. Based on these results, it was concluded the given 20 % of sengon Laut on Heteropogon contortus and Angsana leaf can be increased synthesis protein of rumen microbial and the growth of Bali cattle.
Physicochemical properties of phosphate butyrate arenga starches from dual modifications
Authors: Rahim A , Nugroho M A F , Hutomo G S , Kadir S , Laude S , Muhardi  , Mubarak H
Published: March 2021

Native arenga starch has infirmity physicochemical properties so that its use is limited to functional food. Dual modification is a starch processing to improve physicochemical properties of starch. The objective is to determine the optimum concentration of sodium trimetaphosphate (STMP) based on the physicochemical properties of the phosphate butyrate arenga starch (PBAS) from dual modification of butyrylation and phosphorylation. The method of making PBAS is using butyric anhydride 5% (w/v) and STMP concentration variation consisting of 2%, 4%, 6%, 8%, 10% and 12% (w/w) of the starch weight repeated three times and native arenga starch as a comparison. Physicochemical properties analyzed were percent butyryl, degree of substitution (DS), phosphate content, binding of butyrate phosphate with fourier transform infrared (FTIR), water, starch, amylopectin, amylose and ash contents. The results showed that the optimal STMP concentration range of 4-6% based on percent butyryl, DS and phosphate content that produce PBAS suitable for functional food ingredients. Binding of the functional group of PBAS formed a new peak in the FTIR spectra at wave number 1365.60 cm-1 which indicates the presence of phosphate (P=O) groups of STMP on starch molecules. The water content of PBAS decreased with increasing STMP concentrations. The amylose, amylopectin and ash contents of PBAS were changed after the process of butyrylation and phosphorylation. PBAS is potential as a functional food ingredient due to its butyrate and phosphate contents.
Effect of atrazine and green fertilizer (tithonia diversifolia) on weed growth and corn productivity
Authors: Laude S , Mahfudz  , Fathurrahman  , Samuddin S , Rahim A , Darwis
Published: March 2021

The research aimed to analyze the effect of atrazine and Tithonia diversifolia green fertilizer on weed growth and corn productivity. This type of research is an experiment with randomized block design (RBD) factorial pattern with two factors. The first factor is organic material (B), which consists of 4 levels, namely: = Without organic matter (B1), Tithonia diversifolia 5 t ha-1 (B2), Tithonia diversifolia 10 t ha-1 (B3), and Tithonia diversifolia 15 t ha-1(B4). The second factor is the dose of herbicide (H) which consists of 4 levels, namely: = Without herbicide (H1), Atrazine 1 l ba ha-1 = 2.5 l ha-1 (H2), Atrazine 2 l ba ha-1 = 5 l ha-1(H3), and Atrazine 3 l ha ha-1 = 7.5 l ha-1 (H4). The study used Tithonia diversifolia weed pruning as a source of organic material. Each treatment was repeated three times so that this experiment consisted of 48 experimental units. The results of the study are weed closure ranging from 4.5 - 26% (21 DAP) and 13.42 - 40.58% (41 DAP). Symptoms of corn poisoning decreased with each addition of organic matter at each dose of atrazine. The highest dry shelled yield was obtained at a dose of 15 t ha-1. Application of Tithonia diversifolia green fertilizer dosage of 10 t ha-1 sprayed with atrazine herbicide 2 l b.a ha-1 resulted in dry shelled corn of 9.61t. The conclusion was that the atrazine herbicide and Tithonia diversifolia green fertilizer in various doses in corn plantations significantly influenced the control of weeds and corn productivity.
The use of litterfall from various land agroecosystems to increase the fertility of the land of community cocoa plantations
Authors: Muhardi  , Rahim A , Karim F F , Sulili A
Published: March 2021

This study aimed to determine the effect of organic fertilizer application from the litter on increasing soil fertility in various cocoa-based agroecosystems around the Lore Lindu National Park (LLNP). Based on the initial survey, 5 (five) types of agroecosystems were obtained, namely (A) cocoa + mixed wood trees, (B) cocoa + fruit trees, (C) cocoa + teak, (D) cocoa + candlenut, and (E) cocoa + gliricidia. Litter found on the floor or under farmers’ gardens in each type of agroecosystem was made from organic fertilizer. The research was designed in the form of an experiment using a factorial randomized block design method, with the treatment of organic material sources (various types of agroecosystems) as the first factor, and the dose of organic fertilizer as the second factor. Doses tried were 0; 15; 30; 45; 60 Mg.ha-1. The experiment was carried out in a double manner; firstly, the organic material was incubated in a pot without plants; secondly, it was applied to cocoa plant seeds in the pot. Variables measured were aspects of the growth of cocoa seedlings in the pot: plant height, number of leaves, stem diameter, leaf area, chlorophyll content, and seed dry weight. While changes in soil properties were observed in the nursery and incubation media, the measured variables were: pH, C-organic, nutrient content of N, P, and K and CEC. The results showed that organic fertilizer made from the litter of cocoa agroecosystem + mixed wood trees and cocoa fruit + produced better cocoa seedling growth than other agroecosystem types. The difference was caused by changes in some physical and chemical properties of the soil due to organic fertilizer. The plant response model to the dose tried was quadratic with an optimal dose of 15 to 45 Mg.ha-1.
Application of bokashi goat manure and organic liquid fertilizer to improve the growth and yield of Lembah Palu shallot variety
Authors: Ansar M , Bahrudin  , Fathurrahman  , Darman S , Thaha A R , Angka A W , Rahmadanih
Published: March 2021

The study aims to determine the effect of the application of solid organic fertilizers from bokashi goat manure (BGM) and liquid organic fertilizer (LOF) of cow urine to improve the growth and yield of ’lembah palu’ shallot varieties. The study was conducted on farmers’ land in Sidera Village Subdistrict Sigibiromaru Sigi Regency in Central Sulawesi. Research using Random Complete Block Design (RCBD) in factorials design (two-factor) with three replications. The first factor is the application of BGM, consists of 2 levels, namely: (1) without BGM and (2) BGM 30 t ha-1; The second factor is the concentration of LOF consists of 3 levels: (1) without the LOF, (2) LOF 16 L ha-1 and (3) LOF 32 L ha-1. The results of the research showed that BGM 30 t.ha-1, followed by application of 16 L.ha-1 LOF produce shallot crop is higher, and the number of tuber per hill and the fresh weight of tuber per hectare of shallot ’lembah palu’ variety is higher compared with a combination of other treatments. BGM 30 t.ha-1 produced more leaf number and fresh weight of tubers per plant higher and significantly different without BGM. Application LOF 32 L.ha-1 produce of shallot leaves more than without LOF and LOF 16 L.ha-1.
First report of enterobacter cloacae in shallot (Allium cepa L. Aggregatum group) in Indonesia
Authors: Asrul  , Arwiyanto T , Hadisutrisno B , Widada J , Mollah A
Published: March 2021

Shallot (Allium cepa L. Aggregatum group) is one of the important vegetable crops in Indonesia. Shallots are very susceptible to diseases caused by pathogenic bacteria. Bacterial pathogens that infect onions generally can invade and infect species of other the genus Allium members. This study aims to identify the bacterial pathogens associated with shallot bulbs disease with phenotype and genotype approach (molecular). Sampling shallot bulbs disease conducted at two locations shallot production centers in Indonesia, namely the Regency of Bantul and Nganjuk in August-September 2012. Isolation initial bacterial pathogens of shallot bulbs disease using culture methods or pure culture. For phenotyping approach is done through observation of the colony and cell morphology, biochemistry, and physiology test bacteria. Whereas the genotyping approach, the identification is made based on the analysis of 16S rRNA sequences of technique Polymerase Chain Reactions (PCR). The results show that the identification of phenotypically UBNG21 isolates has characteristics in similarity with the characteristics of Enterobacter cloacae, causing bulb decay. Amplification of the 16S rRNA gene using PCR UBNG21 isolates produce 1500 bp fragment size. The results obtained by sequencing isolates UBNG21, which has a value of 97% homology with E. cloacae. The results of this study are the first report of the presence of E. cloacae associated with disease shallot bulbs in Indonesia.
Productivity and income analysis of certified cacao farmers (UTZ Certified) and non-certified cacao farmers
Authors: Salman D , Mahyuddin  , Summase I , Fudjaja L , Tiring D N , Rusmidin  , Rayuddin
Published: March 2021

A certification program named UTZ Certified has the indicator of the certification process. This program is considered to have a positive impact on cacao farmers due to the increasing quality, productivity, and profitability of farmers. This study aims to analyze product certification impact on cacao farmers’ productivity and income in Guliling Village, Kalukku Regency, Mamuju, West Sulawesi Province. Analytical techniques used are farm productivity analysis, income analysis, R/C ratio, and t-test. The result shows that the land productivity of certified farmers is higher than the non-certified farmers. The average income per year for certified farmers is also higher than the non-certified ones, with each value of their R/C ratio is more than 1. The t-test result shows a significant difference between certified farmers and non- certified farmers.
Potential incomes and sustainable agriculture from the brown sugarcane production
Authors: Darma R , Akzar R , Tenriawaru A N , Zain A Majdah M. , Degong M Ichsan A , Usman A
Published: March 2021

Brown sugar produced from sugarcane is a promising business for small-scale farmers, which can create employment, improve farmers’ incomes, and contribute to land conservation with the use of appropriate technology. The potential is explored through the utilization of marginal land to cultivate sugarcane and to create value-added from producing brown sugarcane. By using a case study in Wajo District, South Sulawesi, Indonesia, the results show that the investment value of brown sugar processing unit is varied between IDR 75 and 750 million with milling capacity 7-50 TCD (tons of cane day) or equivalent to IDR 3-5 million per hectare and sugarcane plantation investment IDR 4-7 million per hectare. Additionally, sugarcane farming is able to create two job opportunities per hectare, one person in the plantation and one person in the processing unit. The gross value of brown sugar production is around IDR 42-90 million/hectare, with a 10 percent brown sugarcane conversion factor and 60-90 tons of cane per hectare.
Food security and political ecology for sustainable agriculture: some crucial notes from the ICEFS 2020
Authors: Arsyad M , Amiruddin A , Kawamura Y
Published: March 2021

Food security and political ecology become a global issue to solve sustainably. Rising food prices affect economic growth and stability of global food security. This paper is a short report of the International Conference on Environmental Ecology of Food Security (ICEFS), held on March 30, 2020, in Makassar, Indonesia. ICEFS was directly directed to build a network between researchers and research institutions supported by the Department of Agricultural Socio-economics, Hasanuddin University. ICEFS used the multi-disciplinary approach is based on the knowledge and experience of scientists, researchers, practitioners, and policymakers in discussing issue related. Keynote speakers emphasized: environmental ecology is one of the sciences, focusing on agricultural resources conflict towards a wide range of issues on environmental problems towards sustainable agriculture, including the issue of global food security. Think political ecology, environment, institutional, technology, extension, off-farms income diversification, power and interest of stakeholders, rural-urban linkage for global food security: the shift from Fordism to Nichism. We need to concretize "what we can do" in tracing the global food supply chain in order to feed the world. In addition, we need strong supporting from the political will of the government to keep global food security.
Breeders response to UPSUS Siwab’s efforts to increase cattle population
Authors: Saade Aminuddin , Ekasari Z Kartika , Marhamasari Indah , Salman D
Published: March 2021

This study aims to determine the response of farmers to the Siwab Upsus Program in Efforts to Increase Beef Cattle Population and determine the response of farmers to counseling given. This study was carried out in Balang Tanaya Village, Polong Bangkeng Utara District, Takalar Regency, South Sulawesi. This study uses survey methods, and data collection conducted by filling out questionnaires, analysis tools used in the measurement of research indicators are carried out by applying a Likert Scale, by measuring the weight of the positive question score with an excellent response / very successfully given a score of 5 if the response categorized as not good/unsuccessful given a score of 1. As for the methods used in counseling, namely the method of individual approaches and group approaches. The response of breeders to the Upsus Siwab Program to increase beef cattle population in Balangtanaya Village, Polongbangkeng Utara District, Takalar Regency is in a suitable category (44%) with 11 respondents, in this case, beef cattle farmers can respond to the Upsus Siwab Program and can increase beef cattle population
Social construction of farmer as profession and its potential threat for the food security
Authors: Sukri  , Ekawaty D , Amiruddin A , Syam F
Published: March 2021

This paper aims to show the potential threats to food security policies in Indonesia. One of the important aspects in this paper is the influence of aspects of the availability of human resources in supporting food security efforts in meeting the food needs of the community. This paper shows that there is a reality of a downward trend in the number of human resources in agriculture. This becomes a big challenge to get attention. Decreasing the number of human resources seems to be one of the serious threats in guaranteeing food security. This seems to be related to social construction in viewing the agricultural sector as a profession, where it tends to not be fully controlled by the government.
Climate change effects on agricultural productivity and its implication for food security
Authors: Akzar R , Amandaria R
Published: March 2021

This paper demonstrates the climate change consequences on agricultural sector in the scope of agricultural market and socioeconomic. Agricultural output and food prices would change as the climate change may negatively affect the agricultural input. The implication of climate change on the food security pillars is discussed. It is proposed to apply farming integration system by cultivating local crops that do not harm the environment, which could be developed by local people. Good infrastructure and implementation of research and innovation would be beneficial to deal with the impacts of climate change to promote sustainable economic growth, social development and environment.
Agribusiness competence model of cocoa smallholders in increasing farming income
Authors: Rayuddin  , Rahman A , Amartani K , Arsyad M
Published: March 2021

This paper deals with agribusiness competency level of cocoa farmers. The research objectives are; to analyze the factors influencing its competency; to explain the agribusiness competency model on the income of the farming community. The research based on the method of stratified random sampling using the Sliven formula. Data were collected using questionnaires, observation, in-depth interviews, and documentation studies. The results show that the level of agribusiness competency of cocoa farmers is influenced by internal farmers’ characteristics and self-motivation. While external factors are extension activities, empowerment intervention and environment. The improvement of cocoa farmers’ agribusiness competence is estimated to increase the productivity and cocoa farming income. The study proposed recommendations for models of extension development and empowerment community, will be able to improve the agribusiness competence of cocoa farmers on the income farms estate communities, conducted with participatory-learning and action.
Is no-till farming more or less efficient than till farming?: the case of tobacco farms in East Lombok, Indonesia
Authors: Budastra I , Partha Tanaya I G L , Hamzani M R , Saadah
Published: March 2021

No-till farming is farming technics that could better conserve the fertility of the farmland than till farming. Technically, it is greatly linked with the global sustainable agriculture framework. However, it needs to be economically sound for adoption by farmers. Scientific analysis of this aspect is rarely reported in the literature, accessible to the authors. This paper attempts to fill the gap by taking as a case study: the efficiency of tobacco Virginia farms in East Lombok (Indonesia), involving 15 no-till farming farmers and 15 till farming farmers as the sample. This sample was randomly selected from the population of Virginia farmers in purposively selected two villages in the research areas. Data collection was carried out during 2018 planting session using an individual structural interview technique. Farm efficiency was measured as Return to Cost (R/C) ratio. The significance of the efficiency difference between no-till and till farming was analyzed using a t-test. The analysis found that the R/C ratio of Virginia tobacco farms using no-till farming system (mean = 2.21) was significantly lower at 95% degree of confidence than the R/C ratio of virginal tobacco farms using till farming system (mean=3.47). In spite of this significant difference, the value of the R/C ratio was larger than one, indicating each of the systems was financially feasible. This explained the adoption of no-till farming by some of the Virginia tobacco farmers in the study areas. However, the wider adoption of the no-till farming system needed some improvements to reduce farm cost and increase revenue.
Livestock perception of use smart hatching machines
Authors: Supriyanto  , Pamungkas Aditya , Akimi
Published: March 2021

The study was carried out in Pagersari Village, Mungkid District on May 1, 2019 to June 30, 2019, aimed to determine the level of farmers’ perceptions and to determine the characteristics of farmers. The data collection method uses observation and interviews. Data regarding the characteristics of respondents and the level of perception were analyzed descriptively, data analysis using the Spearman Rank correlation test was used to analyze the relationship between variables. The results showed the level of farmers’ perceptions based on the level of relative profits with a percentage of 66%, the level of compliance with a percentage of 86%, the level of complexity with a percentage of 66%, aspects could be tried with a percentage of 98%, aspects observed with a percentage of 100% showed a positive direction of perception, Based on the results of the statistical analysis of binary logistic regression partially it is known that the value of income sig is 0.043, age is 0.576, education is 0.996 and experience is 0.999. The conclusion from the research results is known that the overall perception of farmers as much as 64% in the good category, based on the statistical analysis used it is known that the income factor has a significant effect of 0.043. While the age of 0.576, education of 0.996, and experience of raising 0.999 did not significantly influence the level ofperception.
Post-harvest handling of cocoa commodities
Authors: Munira  , Arsyad M
Published: March 2021

The purpose of this research is to get the management of cocoa commodity post-treatment and is explicitly to know the feasibility of the post-harvest handling, knowing the costs incurred by farmers during post-harvest, analyzing fat content, moisture content, and the levels of cocoa bean polyphenols production. The research was conducted in Marioriwawo, Lilirilau, Citta, and Liliriaja, Soppeng regency. Testing of chemical properties in the Laboratory of Chemistry Engineering Makassar Polytechnic. Results of post-harvest treatment stages include harvest time, fruit picking, fruit breakdown, sorting of seeds, fermentation, drying, packaging, and storage. The process of post-harvest handling phase is, post-harvest handling conducted by farmers can be said to be worthy because almost 100% of farmers do post-harvest handling following the guidelines technical improvement movement of national cocoa production and quality. The cost of farmers who do the fermentation is higher than the cost incurred by farmers who do not ferment. The level of cocoa beans has been following the prevailing SNI (Indonesian National Standard). The fat of cocoa beans has not been a valid SNI, but it has a quite high-fat content.
Examining the socio-economic aspects of farmers: whether the dryland rice would be maintained?
Authors: Taridala  , Adha S A , Ode Y W , Yani T , Hartina B , Rosmawaty  , Siti Z , Viantika N M
Published: March 2021

Dryland rice in Southeast Sulawesi has not been managed optimally. Though this region has great potential, both in terms of supply aspects such as climate compatibility, land availability, biodiversity, community culture, and demand aspects such as organic products for the domestic and export markets.This study analyses the socio-economic factors that influence the decisions of farmers in cultivating upland rice. The study was conducted in the Baito District, which is one of the upland rice production centers in South Konawe District, Southeast Sulawesi Province, Indonesia. Research activities are funded by the Ministry of Research, Technology, and the Higher Education Republic of Indonesia in 2018. Data analyzed using quantitative methods, namely logistic model regression equations (logit model). Estimation methods for econometric models in which dependent variables are binary (dichotomous), where the cumulative distribution is not linear, using Maximum Likelihood Estimation (MLE). The results showed that three variables significantly influenced the decision of farmers to grow upland rice, namely the number of family members, the number of family members in productive age, and the presence of other agricultural commodities that were considered more profitable and or more comfortable to manage.
An analysis of progressive sectors: agriculture position
Authors: Arsyad M , Yunus S R , Lanuhu N , Jamil M H , Mahyuddin  , Alim N
Published: March 2021

In the economic development of a region, there needs to be attention in developing sectors that have the potential and also have good growth. This study aims to identify the economic sectors included in the progressive sector. This research uses secondary data in the form of Gross Regional Domestic Product (GRDP) of Bolaang Mongondow Regency and North Sulawesi Province in 2013-2017 and will then be analyzed using the Location Quotient method and Shift Share analysis. The results of the study concluded that there are five economic sectors which are the base sectors namely the Agriculture, Forestry, and Fisheries sectors; Mining and Excavation sectors, the Electricity and Gas Procurement Sector, Real Estate Sector and Education Services Sector. However, only the Mining and Excavation sector has a progressive growth rate and competitive advantage. As for the Agriculture position itself, it has a non-progressive growth rate and lacks a competitive advantage. In addition, there are four sectors namely the Construction sector, the Wholesale Trade, and Retail; Car and Motorcycle Repair sectors; The Financial Services and Insurance sectors and the Government Administration, Defense, and Social Security sectors are required to be able to move progressively even though those sectors are not included in the base sector.