bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
COMPARISON OF ERECTOR SPINAE PLANE BLOCK & CONVENTIONAL ANALGESIC TECHNIQUE FOR POSTOPERATIVE PAIN RELIEF IN CAESAREAN SECTION – A PROSPECTIVE RANDOMISED STUDY
Authors: Nathuji Chopade Shridhar , Annasaheb Joshi Suchita , Gopal Agrawal Chetan , Raman Raut Milind
Published: June 2023

Background: Postoperative pain relief after caesarean delivery is challenging because it needs to provide maternal satisfaction while having no adverse effects on the baby. The study aimed to compare the analgesic efcacy of bilateral ESP block with that of conventional technique after elective LSCS under SAB. In this single blind randomized, prospective comparative Methods: study, 76 healthy parturient were randomly divided into two groups. Group1 received bilateral ESPB using 0.2% ropivacaine (0.2ml/kg) before spinal anaesthesia, Group 2 received conventional postoperative analgesics on patient's demand. The duration of postoperative analgesia and VAS pain score was recorded for 24hrs. Onset & duration of sensory and motor block, hemodynamic parameters and adverse effects were assessed. Data analysis was done with statistical software SPSS Version. 24 with Unpaired T test and Chi-square test. The duration of anal Results: gesia (152.55 ± 64.46mins vs 96.68 ± 36.09mins) was signicantly prolonged in Group ESPB than Group Control (P<0.0001) The mean VAS score was signicantly less in ESPB group at 2hr (P value =0.0243), 12hr (P value = 0.0250) and 24hrs (P value = 0.0408) postoperatively. ESPB group of patients require less analgesic dose of inj. Tramadol (P= 0.0389), inj. Diclofenac sodium (P <0.0001) and inj. Paracetamol (P= 0.0423) as compared to that of Control group with signicant difference. Onset of sensory and motor block was signicantly faster in ESPB Group than Control Group. ESP block provides more effective Conclusion: pain relief, longer duration of analgesic action, prolongs time to rst analgesic requirement, associated with less consumption of conventional analgesics and also potentiates the onset of sensory and motor block.
OBSERVATIONAL STUDY ON CHOLEDOCHODUODENOSTOMY AND T-TUBE DRAINAGE IN CHOLEDOCHOLITHIASIS PATIENTS WITH RISK FACTORS OF POST-OPERATIVE MISSED STONE
Authors: Thomas Aby , Sinha Eden , Sharma Punit
Published: June 2023

Choledocholithiasis means stones in bile duct it is estimated that choledocholithiasis is present in 1-15% of patients with cholelithiasis and 29.7% patients with post cholecystectomy patients. Common bile duct stones (CBDS) is still challenging to surgeon despite advances in surgery which is commonly performed in conjunction with cholecystectomy. In patients with symptomatic cholelithiasis the incidence of CBDS varies widely between 5% and 33% according to (1-5) age .CBDS can either be primary (originating within the CBD) or secondary (originating in the gallbladder) and pass into the CBD through cystic duct or bile duct stones within intrahepatic biliary tree, termed primary hepatolithiasis, and may also lead to secondary 6 choledocholithiasis . Abdominal sonography and magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP) are the most common non7 invasive pre-operative imaging modalities for detection of CBDS .
USE OF USG GUIDED PERCUTANEOUS CHOLECYSTOSTOMY IN ACUTE CHOLECYSTITIS AND GALL BLADDER PERFORATION
Authors: Hiremath Akshay , B Mahajan Vivek
Published: June 2023

Background: Acute cholecystitis is dened as inammation of gall bladder it can be divided into calculous cholecystitis and acalculous cholecystitis, Gall bladder perforation. Acute cholecystitis not responding to antibiotics therapy requires intervention and intervention of choice being laparoscopic cholecystectomy however many patients will not be able to tolerate surgical stress. Thus, patient who are unt for surgery can be benetted with per percutaneous cholecystostomy. This study was a non-randomized Method: cohort study carried out in 15 patients who presented to our tertiary care center with clinical symptoms and signs of acute cholecystitis and gall bladder perforation. In present study Results: of total study patients 10 (66%) are male and 5(34%) females. In the study patient with acute cholecystitis are 12(80%) and type 2 Gall bladder perforation were 3(20%). Patient who underwent USG guided PCC 98% had signicant pain improvement measured by pain scale. Patient with USG guided PCC has 100 % improvement in blood parameters - TLC, RFT, LFT, thus patient who underwent medical 95 % management had increase hospital stay and 16% mortality. Patient who underwent emergency cholecystectomy 50% had more pain and morbidity Conclusion: Patients with USG-guided PCC have better morbidity compared to conservative management. As USG-guided PCC has less surgical stress, it is better compared to emergency cholecystectomy
HISTOPATHOLOGICAL STUDY OF LESIONS OF ANAL CANAL
Authors: Kulkarni Medha , Parab Akshata , Gaikwad Shubhangi , A. Momin Y.
Published: June 2023

Background. Diverse diseases including congenital anomalies like Hirschsprung disease, anorectal agenesis, infections like tuberculosis, parasitic infestations, inammatory disorders like Crohn's disease ulcerative colitis, and neoplasms like adenomas, adenocarcinomas, squamous cell carcinoma etc, involve the anal canal. Despite its short length, the anal canal produces a variety of tumor types reecting its complex anatomic and histologic features (WHO). Majority of these disorders present with common symptoms like constipation, per rectal bleeding, altered bowel habits and difculty in defecation. The study was undertaken with the aim of a Aim: nalysing the histopathological lesions of anal canal with clinicopathological corelation. Total 116 lesions affecting anal canal over Materials and methods: a period of January 2013 to June 2017(4.5 years) were included in this study. Demographics of patients, presenting symptoms and pathologic features were recorded. Out of 116 Results: lesions, 106 were nonneoplastic, greatly outnumbering the eight neoplastic lesions. Anal stula was the most common lesion accounting for 49 cases. Most common age group affected was 31-40 years. Conclusion: Histopathological examination of every anal lesion is important since clinical presentation of neoplastic and nonneoplastic disorder is same. Rare entities like anal gland carcinoma can be diagnosed only on histopathology
EFFECT OF SCRUB TYPHUS DISEASE ON LIVER FUNCTION – A HOSPITAL BASED OBSERVATIONAL STUDY AT A TERTIARY CARE CENTRE, ASSAM, INDIA
Authors: Mandal Sangita , Bora Madhurima , Barman Malavika , Javed Salman Chisty Syed
Published: June 2023

Background And Objectives : Scrub typhus is a chigger-borne zoonotic disease, caused by Orientia tsutsugamushi. Humans are accidental hosts. It occurs all along East Asia with many recent outbreaks in North-East India. It shows similar symptoms to other tropical infections and its disease spectrum ranges from mild febrile illness to severe life-threatening illness with multi organ dysfunctions. This study was done to observe relationship between scrub typhus and liver function. Methods : A hospital based observational study was conducted on randomly selected 40 scrub typhus patients ( between 12 and 60 years) diagnosed by detecting IgM antibody using enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) over a period of 1 year at a tertiary care centre, Assam. Liver function tests were performed on the diagnosed cases using reectance spectrophotometry method on automated analyser. The values of LFT were estimated and p-values were calculated to establish statistical signicance. Results : Total 40 number of cases of scrub typhus was taken for our study with a mean age of 29.28 years among which, males were 57.5% and females were 42.5%. Bilirubin elevation was seen in 25 patients (62.5%), AST was increased in 36 patients (90%), ALT was increased in 35 patients (87.5%), ALK was high in 25patients (62.5%), 32 pateints (80%) had hypoalbuminemia, with a p value of < 0.05, which is statistically signicant. Interpretation And Conclusion : Our study concluded that scrub typhus could to be taken into consideration in patients with undifferentiated fever with abnormal liver function tests.
Erfolgreichen Unterricht planen
Authors: Fraefel Urban
Published: June 2023

Einführung in eine zielgerichtete Unterrichtsplanung
Eine erfolgreiche Unterrichtsplanung versteht sich als echte Hilfe für die Lehrperson, ohne sie zu belasten. Dieses Buch führt Studierende, Referendar:innen und auch Lehrpersonen in eine zielgerichtete Planung ein
Es konzentriert sich dabei auf das Wesentliche: Klären wohin die Reise geht, Lerngelegenheiten schaffen, Fortschritte der Schülerinnen und Schüler bestmöglich unterstützen, Ressourcen der Lehrperson optimal einsetzen.
Das Buch zeigt den Leser:innen praktikable und erfolgsversprechende Strategien der Unterrichtsplanung, die sich einfach in den Lehralltag integrieren lassen.
দুর্নীতি ও উন্নয়ন
Authors: আখতার মুহাম্মদ ইয়াহইয়া
Published: June 2023

নাই
KONFLIK TOKOH DALAM NOVEL “DEAR ALLAH” KARYA DIANA FEBI
Authors: Nirwana  , Irianto Ibrahim  , Sri Suryana Dinar
Published: June 2023

Tujuan dalam penelitian ini adalah mendeskripsikan bentuk-bentuk konflik dalam novel Dear Allah dan faktor-faktor yang melatarbelakangi konflik yang terjadi dalam novel Dear Allah. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode deskriptif kualitatif. Dari hasil penelitian ini penulis menyimpulkan bahwa konflik yang terdapat dalam novel Dear Allah ini berupa konflik internal dan konflik eksternal. Konflik internal terjadi pada cerita, seperti Wildan yang mengkhitbah Zulfa, Naira harus menahan rasa sakit sebab Ia sangat menginginkan Wildan. Pernikahan Wildan batal, Naira keguguran, dan Aisyah mencintai laki-laki namun beda keyakinan. Konflik eksternal yaitu konflik sosial dan konflik elemental yang dialami tokoh novel Dear Allah. Konflik sosial terjadi pada cerita, seperti saat Genta memaksa Naira menjawab pertanyaannya, Athifa marah-marah kepada Naira, Wildan berkelahi dengan Genta, Ayah Wildan marah kepada Wildan, Aneke menyindir Naira di depan keluarga Wildan, dan Ibu Roy mendorong Naira. Konflik elemental terjadi pada cerita, seperti saat Naira kecelakaan karena hujan.
KUASA SIMBOLIK PIERRE BOURDIE DALAM NOVEL “BIDADARI BERMATA BENING” KARYA ABIBURAHMAN EL SHIRAZY DAN NOVEL “SURGA YANG TAK DIRINDUKAN” KARYA ASMA NADIA
Authors: Indah Puspitasari  , Haris Supratno  , Darni  , Tengsoe Tjahjono
Published: June 2023

Penelitian ini memiliki tujuan untuk mengetahui kuasa simbolik pada novel Bidadari Bermata Bening karya Habiburahman El Shirazy dan novel Surga yang Tak Dirindukan karya Asma Nadia. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini yakni metode kualitatif. Sumber data pada penelitian ini adalah novel “Bidadari Bermata Bening” Karya Habiburrahman El Shirazy dan novel “Surga yang Tak Dirindukan” karya Asma Nadia. Data penelitian ini adalah informasi tentang kuasa simbolik dalam novel “Bidadari Bermata Bening” Karya Habiburrahman El Shirazy dan novel “Surga yang Tak Dirindukan” karya Asma Nadia. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan teknik pustaka dan baca catat. Pada teknik analisis data dilakukan dengan mereduksi data, menyajikan data, dan menarik simpulan. Berdasarkan uraian hasil penelitian dan pembahasan, peneliti menyimpulkan bahwa “Bidadari Bermata Bening” Karya Habiburrahman El Shirazy dan novel “Surga yang Tak Dirindukan” karya Asma Nadia kuasa simbolik dapat terjadi karena didukung habitus, arena, dan modal pada tokoh-tokoh yang ada dalam novel. Ketiganya berpengaruh besar dala mendukung kuasa simbolik yang pada akhirnya membuat tokoh perempuan dalam kedua novel tersebut seakan pasrah pada keadaan yang ada. Setelah melakukan penelitian, mengumpulkan data kemudian mengalisisnya, diperoleh simpulan, yakni, terdapat kuasa simbolik dalam novel “Bidadari Bermata Bening” Karya Habiburrahman El Shirazy dan novel “Surga yang Tak Dirindukan” karya Asma Nadia karena didukung habitus, arena, dan modal.
PENINGKATAN KEMAMPUAN MEMBACA PEMAHAMAN SISWA KELAS VII, MTs KHAIRU UMMAH MENGGUNAKAN MODEL PEMBELAJARAN LOK-R
Authors: Kadirun
Published: June 2023

Tujuan dalam penelitian ini adalah memberi gambaran model pembelajaran LOK-R dalam mengukur kemampuan membaca pemahaman siswa pada kelas VII di MTs Khairu Ummah. Pendekatan yang digunakan adalah deskriptif-kuantitatif. Deskriptif bertujuan untuk menjelaskan data temuan yang diperoleh dalam penelitian, sedangan kualitatif digunakan untuk menyajikan data-data yang berupa angka hasil capaian siswa. Berdasarkan hasil pengukuran, ditemukan bahwa penerapan model pembelajaran LOK-R dalam mengukur kemampuan membaca pemahaman siswa kelas VII MTs Khairu Ummah mengalami penngkatan yang sangat signifikan. Pada data pre test, kemampuan siswa dalam menentukan aspek penilaian yang telah ditentukan masih sangat rendah. Selanjutnya, Siklus I dan II menunjukkan siswa telah mampu menentukan kriteria membaca pemahaman yang ditetapkan. Kemampuan rata-rata siswa telah mencapai 8,04 dari skor maksimal 10 atau di atas standar penilaian yaitu 7,5. Hal tersebut didorong dengan penggunaan model LOK-R dan didukung oleh penggunaan media audio visual yang tepat. Kolaborasi model dan media pembelajaran yang sesuai ikut memberi andil besar dalam mencapai tujuan pembelajaran.
RAHASIA KELUARGA DALAM KEPRIBADIAN TOKOH UTAMA NOVEL FAKTA DIURAI WAKTU KARYA RUDI AGUS HARTANTO PERSPEKTIF PSIKOANALISIS
Authors: Yolanda Pitaloka  , Farida Nugrahani  , Benedictus Sudiyana
Published: June 2023

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengungkapakan rahasia keluarga dalam kepribadian tokoh utama novel Fakta Diurai Waktu karya Rudi Agus Hartanto ditinjau melalui perspektif psikoanalisis dengan  aspek id, ego, dan superego. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif deskriptif dengan sumber data novel Fakta Diurai waktu karya Rudi Agus Hartanto terbitan Sirus Media, cetakan pertama tahun 2021 dengan jumlah halaman 266. Data yang diambil dari novel ini berupa kutipan-kutipan tiap paragraf yang mengandung perspektif psikoanalisis. Metode pengumpulan data ini dengan model catat yang dimulai dari teknik baca dan pustaka. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa apsek id, ego, dan superego yang muncul dalam novel ini. 10 momen yang menjadi hasil penelitian memiliki 10 id, 10 ego, dan 10 superego, hal ini menyatakan bahwa ketiga aspek selalu berkaitan satu sama lain yang diawali dengan munculnya id dalam setiap momen yang terjadi pada novel ini.  Aspek penelitian ini ditinjau dari setiap peristiwa yang terjadi dan dialami tokoh utama Harta dalam proses mengungkap rahasia dari keluarganya yang ternyata ada fakta disetiap proses perjalanan waktu.
KESALAHAN PENGGUNAAN EJAAN DALAM TEKS CERAMAH SISWA KELAS XI SMK TUNAS BANGSA TAWANGSARI
Authors: Mala Nur Anisa  , Sri Muryati  , Muhlis Fajar Wicaksana
Published: June 2023

Tujuan penulisan artikel ini untuk mendeskripsikan kesalahan penggunaan ejaan dalam teks ceramah siswa kelas XI  SMK Tunas Bangsa Tawangsari. Metode penelitian ini menggunakan deskriptif kualitatif. Data yang digunakan berupa kalimat yang memuat kesalahan dalam tulisan teks ceramah siswa yang diklasifikasikan berdasarkan aspek yang diteliti yaitu aspek penggunaan ejaannya. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan teknik dokumentasi kemudian dilanjutkan teknik baca dan teknik catat. Teknik analisis datanya berupa model Miles dan Huberman yaitu teknik analisis data yang terdiri dari 3 tahap, mulai dari reduksi data, penyajian data dan penarikan kesimpulan. Berdasarkan hasil analisis datanya terdapat empat aspek kesalahan penggunaan ejaan yaitu (1) kesalahan penggunaan huruf kapital, (2) kesalahan penulisan kata (3 kesalahan penggunaan tanda koma. Harapannya dengan mengetahui macam-macam kesalahan penggunaan ejaan yang benar, diharapkan para pembaca bisa menghindari kesalahan seperti yang ada dalam penelitian ini.
Penerapan Model Pembelajaran Learning Cycle 7E Berbantuan Physics Education Technology (PhET) Simulation untuk Meningkatkan Literasi Sains Peserta Didik di SMAN 2 Pasarwajo
Authors: Winda  , Takda Amiruddin , Tahang La
Published: June 2023

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menerapkan model pembelajaran learning cycle 7E berbantuan PhET simulation untuk meningkatkan literasi sains peserta didik pada materi usaha dan energi. Jenis penelitian ini adalah quasi eksperimen  menggunakan non eqivalent control group design. Objek penelitian ini yaitu peserta didik SMAN 2 Pasarwajo kelas X MIA 1 pada semester genap tahun pelajaran 2021/2022. Pengumpulan data menggunakan lembar observasi keterlaksanaan pembelajaran, aktivitas siswa, tes literasi sains dan angket respon peserta didik. Hasil analisis pencapaian kompetensi literasi sains peserta didik tertinggi adalah pada kompetensi menjelaskan fenomena ilmiah (K1) sementara kompetensi mengevaluasi dan desain inkuiri ilmiah (K2) dan interpretasi data dan bukti ilmiah (K3) pencapaiannya masih berada pada 50%. Data hasil penelitian dianalisis secara deskriptif kuantitatif dan analisis inferensial dengan menggunakan uji perbedaan dua rata-rata melalui uji-t. Hasil pencapaian ini kemudian dilakukannya uji normalitas, uji homogenitas, dan uji hipotesis. Hasil uji normalitas terdistribusi normal dengan taraf signifikan (α=0,05) 95%. Berdasarkan hasil analisis data, disimpulkan bahwa model learning cycle 7E berbantuan PhET Simulation layak digunakan untuk meningkatkan kompetensi literasi sains peserta didik SMA.
A STUDY ON EFFECT OF VISUALIZATION IN SOCIAL MEDIA MARKETING FOR HUMAN RESOURCES
Authors: Dr. Bincy Sam  , Galla Venkataswamy
Published: June 2023

We all think we have great taste[1]. It’s the classic argument of data wins. Practitioners and analysts alike know social media by its many websites and channels: Facebook, YouTube, Instagram, Twitter, LinkedIn, Reddit and many others.The power of social media marketing (SMM) is driven by the unparalleled capacity of social media in three core marketing areas: connection, interaction, and customer data, extracted from investopedia[2]. In this paper after study on visualization effect in social media marketing, we conclude that the more targeted your social media marketing (SMM) strategy is, the more effective it will be for human resources.
STUDY OF PHYSICOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF WILD HONEY SAMPLE FROM SANGAMNER TALUKA OF MAHARASHTRA
Authors: Swapnali  Sonawane  , Varpe S.N
Published: June 2023

Honey is the thick (opoque) viscous liquid produced by honey bees from the nectars of flowers. It is used in breakfast to retain energy in daily life Honey's nutritional value is determined by the amount of glucose & minerals present in honey.It is dependant on the season of honey.The physico-chemical features of honey may be used to determine overall quality of the product.
The physico-chemical characteristics of wild honey sample Collected from Sangamner Taluka of Maharastra State are investigated in the current research to determine overall quality of honey.
Honey samples from to villages in the Sangamner Taluka were used in investigation .The moisture content ,ash content, PH ,colour intensity, electrical conductivity,Viscosity , specific gravity, glucose, sucrose, Fructose & total protein content. of the collected samples were all determined by using various methods.Those honeys with low moisture content, high glucose content& high mineral content have a high calorific value have longer shelf life than others. The findings of the research indicates that the wild honey samples collected are of high quality & which is gives high nutritional content.
The outcome of this research the nutritious benefits of honey in the daily diet & suggest that it might be utilized as a source of extra income for farmers.
KEY WORDS : Honey, physical properties, chemical propertie Quality, Glucose.
Selection references accessions of winter bread wheat for expression levels of performance constituents and yield
Authors: Chernobai Yu.O. , Riаbchun V.K.
Published: June 2023

Aim. To select references of various expression levels of spike performance constituents and to format a trait collection by yield and performance.
Results and Discussion. Based on the results of three-year research (2017–2019), 104 winter bread wheat accessions were characterized by performance and yield constituents. The geographical diversity of the trait collection of winter bread wheat in terms of performance and yield is represented by accessions from 10 countries worldwide. The majority of the trait collection consists of varieties from Ukraine (66), Russia (16), and Germany (10). The remaining accessions come from Kyrgyzstan, Turkey, France, Romania, Azerbaijan, Slovakia, and Romania. In order to further study and organize the genetic diversity of the crop and to assess trait expression ranges across the studied accessions, references reflecting 10 traits with 36 levels of their expression, in accordance with gradations of the classifier scales, were chosen. Comprehensive evaluation of accessions for a set of valuable economic features, spike performance constituents, and yield opens up an opportunity to create highly productive winter bread wheat varieties.
Conclusions. Based on the results of the 2017–2019 studies of the winter bread wheat accessions, references for 10 traits with 36 levels of their expression were selected. In addition, among the winter bread wheat accessions, sources of high expression of the spike performance and yield constituents were identified: of the productive shoot number – MIP Asol, Obriad, Darynka Kyivska, Hubernator (UKR); of the yield – MIP Asol, Konka, Shchedrist Odeska, Hubernator, Ladyzhynka, Darynka Kyivska (UKR); of the spike length – Chornozerna, Pamiati Hirka (UKR), Feoniya (RUS), SWW 1-904 (TUR); of the spikelet number per spike – Pamiati Hirka, Er 414-13(UKR), Vekha (RUS), Kanada (DEU), SWW 1-904 (TUR); of the kernel number per spike – Niva Odeska (UKR), Kanada and Faustus (DEU), SWW 1-904 (TUR); of the spike density – Zluka (UKR ) and Viglanka (SVK); of the kernel weight per spike – Krasnopilka, Harmonika, Serpanok Kyivskyi (UKR); of the thousand kernel weight – Blaho, Krasnopilka, Zluka, Serpanok Kyivskyi, Harmonika, Zoloto Ukrainy, and Fito 269/13(UKR), Kazachka ( RUS), Karous-10 (TUR).
APPLİCATİON OF THE SİLK SMART MATERİALS İN BİOMEDİCAL
Authors: Aliyeva Kamala Aliyeva Kamala , Verdiyev Nicat Verdiyev Nicat
Published: June 2023

The development of natural polymers into intelligent materials with exceptional functions and properties always involves the integration of both organic and inorganic components. Scientists would use ideas from nature to create the newest biomedical technology. Scientists have become more interested in the improvement of composite materials during the past few decades . A family of polymers known as "smart polymer materials" react to their surroundings and change their.
Therefore, stimulus responsive polymers are those with specific physical or chemical properties. Depending on the physical state of polymer chains, the stimuli may include pH, salt, temperature, electric, magnetic, or optical field. These factors might cause a macroscopic response in materials.
For tissue engineering, drug administration, gene therapy, and diagnostics, these intelligent biomaterial polymers serve as a "on-off" switch. This chapter's goal is to introduce readers to the fascinating world of silk-based smart polymers by outlining the present state of research in the subject as well as its potential for use in medical applications.
Keywords: smart materials, biomedical technology, natural polymers
AZƏRBAYCANDA KİÇİK VƏ ORTA BİZNES SUBYEKTLƏRİNƏ DÖVLƏT DƏSTƏYİNİN MÖVCUD VƏZİYYƏTİ VƏ DƏSTƏK MEXANİZMLƏRİNİN ARTIRILMASI İSTİQAMƏTİNDƏ TƏKLİFLƏR
Authors: Cəbrayıl Vəliyev Cəbrayıl Vəliyev , Günay Məmmədova Günay Məmmədova
Published: June 2023

Dünyanın əksər inkişaf etmiş və inkişaf etməkdə olan ölkələrində olduğu kimi, ölkəmizdə də iqtisadi strukturun təməl daşını Kiçik və Orta Bizneslər (KOB) təşkil edir. Bu gün Kiçik və Orta Bizneslər (KOB) təkcə milli zəmində deyil, həm də qlobal miqyasda ticarət, tərəfdaşlıq və investisiya sahələrində fəallaşaraq beynəlxalq bazarlarda fəaliyyətlərini davam etdirirlər.
Azərbaycanda KOB iqliminin yaxşılaşdırılması məqsədi ilə ölkəmiz bir sıra islahatlar həyata keçirmişdir. Ilkin məsələ KOB-ların maliyyəyə çıxışını yaxşılaşdırmaq xüsusilə, ipoteka və zəmanət təşkilatları, Azərbaycanda əlçatan olan kredit büroları, lizinq şirkətləri və krediti bir araya gətirmək idi. Lizinq xidmətlərinin mənimsənilməsi üçün müxtəlif mənbələrdən informasiyalar ötürülürdü.
Son illərdə aparılan iqtisadi islahatlar yeni mərhələyə qədəm qoyub və bu prosesin əsas istiqamətləri arasında kiçik və orta sahibkarlığın inkişafı, onun iqtisadiyyatda təsirinin artırılması başlıca məqsəd olaraq qəbul edilmişdir.
Açar sözlər: kiçik biznes, orta biznes, müəssisə, dövlət dəstəyi, mexanizm.
Pengendalian Kualitas dalam Upaya Menurunkan Produk Cacat dengan Metode PDCA (Studi Kasus di PT. XYZ)
Authors: Ridho Yanuar  , Puspanantasari Putri Erni
Published: June 2023

PT. XYZ is a company engaged in the packaging printing industry. In the production process, defective products are quite natural, but every company has a tolerance limit or maximum limit for defective products as their reference in order to know whether the company's production process and quality are good or not. The company itself has a maximum percentage target for defective products, which is 1.5% of one week's production. In reality on the ground, the percentage of defective products exceeds the tolerance limit. From the background of these problems the company needs quality control which is useful for reducing product defects in production so as to achieve quality targets according to company expectations. Quality control activities are carried out using the PDCA method to find out the constraints that cause defective products and can make improvements to the problem of the defective product. Using the PDCA method requires analysis, so tools such as pareto, fishbone, and 5Why diagrams are needed to find out the root cause of the problem. After applying the PDCA method 2 times, the percentage of defective products decreased from 2.89% to 0.43%. This study also has the potential to save costs from activities carried out such as replacing the vacuum pad which has a potential cost savings of Rp. 6,480,000 per year and the cam follower replacement has a potential cost savings of Rp. 1,320,000 per year.
Keywords: Defect, Product, Quality, PDCA
Analisis Pengendalian Kualitas Jerrycan Plastik Dengan Metode FTA Dan FMEA Pada Departement Moulding Di PT. PHPO
Authors: Ismarialdi  , Bonar Harahap  , Tri Hernawati
Published: June 2023

PT Permata Hijau Palm Oleo (PHPO) is one of the producers in the manufacturing industry that produces plastic jerrycan as cooking oil packaging. At this time, based on the data that researchers obtained during November 2022, the company has jerrycan product quality problems. There were rejects amounting to 21,134 Pcs (3%) of the total production of 637,128 pcs. The types of rejects that occur are reject topload test, droptest, brimfull test, parting line and visual defects. Based on pareto chart analysis, it is obtained that reject topload test with a weight of 42% and reject droptest products with a weight of 32%, therefore an analysis will be carried out to improve the two types of reject products using the fault tree analysis (FTA) method, it is obtained that the root causes of reject topload test and droptest products are influenced by human factors, machines and raw materials. Things that can be done to improve the reject process topload test and droptest using the RPN (Risk Priority Number) value based on FMEA (Failure Mode and Effect Analysis) analysis, namely by cleaning the diehied from the remaining material and performing regular maintenance on the Ellement Heater section to avoid damage so that it will affect the extruder temperature.Keywords: FMEA, FTA, Jerrycan, Pareto Chart, Quality
Analisis Tingkat Perkembangan Wilayah dan Pola Spasial Sub Sektor Pertanian Hortikultura di Pulau Timor Provinsi Nusa Tenggara Timur
Authors: Klau Anggelina Delviana , Taena Werenfridus , Kase Marce Sherly , Blegur Frieds Allung Amu , Afoan Felisisima
Published: June 2023

The development of a region has a high relationship with the concentration of economic activity that occurs in an area, so the region's development can be seen based on the centre of its activities. The purpose of this study was to identify the level of regional development in the regencies on the island of Timor, NTT and the typology and spatial pattern of the linkages of the horticulture sub-sector, which are commodities of interaction between regions on the island of Timor, NTT. The analytical method used in this research is scalogram analysis for regional development level and Moran index analysis for typology and spatial pattern of horticultural commodities. Based on the results of the analysis to find out the level of regional development in the regencies on Timor Island, NTT, it can be seen that Kupang Regency has the most complete availability of facilities and infrastructure so that it becomes hierarchy I, namely serving regencies on Timor Island, NTT, Hierarchy II is Belu Regency and then TTU Regency. The last one is TTS Regency and Malacca Regency occupying hierarchy III. Furthermore, Moran index analysis was used to determine the typology and spatial pattern of the horticulture sub-sector. The analysis results showed that the distribution pattern was clustered for the shallots. The distribution pattern was spread for the squash and carrot commodities, while for the tomatoes and bananas, the distribution pattern was clustered, with each LIS cluster category having low-high and high-low categories.
Pengaruh Pemanfaatan Sumber Belajar dan Disiplin Belajar terhadap Hasil Belajar Ekonomi Siswa Kelas X
Authors: Pribadi Ian
Published: June 2023

Tujuan Penelitian: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengungkapkan pengaruh: 1). Pemanfaatan Sumber Belajar terhadap Hasil Belajar Ekonomi. 2). Disiplin Belajar terhadap Hasil Belajar Ekonomi. 3). Pemanfaatan Sumber Belajar dan DisiplinBelajar terhadap Hasil Belajar ekonomi Siswa Kelas X SMAN 5 Batanghari.

Metodologi: Penelitian ini merupakan jenis penelitian Ex Post Fakto yaitu meneliti peristiwa yang telah terjadi dan mengetahui faktor penyebabnya. Dengan jumlah responden dalam penelitian ini adalah 110 siswa dari 152 siswa. Data dikumpulkan melalui angket instrument berupa kuesioner dengan 18 item Pemanfaatan Sumber Belajar, 19 item Disiplin Belajar, dan Hasil Belajar dari nilai ujian mid semester ganjil mata pelajaran ekonomi kelas X SMAN 5 Batanghari.

Temuan Utama: Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa adanya pengaruh yang signifikan dari variabel pemanfaatan sumber belajar dan disiplin belajar terhadap hasil belajar ekonomi siswa kelas X SMAN 5 Batanghari di buktikan dengan analisis regresi berganda Y = 7,162 + 0,271 X1 + 0,565 X2 dengan t-hitung 2,106 > 1,65909 dengan tingkat signifikan 0,038 < 0,05 adanya pengaruh signifikan dari variabel pemanfaatan sumber belajar terhadap hasil belajar ekonomi siswa t-hitung 7,250 > 1,65909 dengan tingkat signifikan 0,000< 0,05 adanya pengaruh yang signifikan dari variabel disiplin belajar terhadap hasil belajar ekonomi siswa, dan adanya pengaruh yang signifikan dari variabel pemanfaatan sumber belajar dan disiplin belajar terhadap hasil belajar ekonomi siswa kelas X SMAN 5 Batanghari dengan f-hitung 48,516 > f-tabel 3,93 dan nilai R square sebesar 0,476.

Keterbaruan/Keaslian dari Penelitian: Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, terdapat pengaruh positif dan signifikan antara pemanfaatan sumber belajar dan disiplin belajar terhadap hasil belajar ekonomi siswa kelas X SMAN 5 Batanghari. Dari kesimpulan tersebut maka perlu adanya untuk meningkatkan hasil belajar dengan cara lebih memperhatikan sumber belajar dan disiplin siswa.
Pengaruh Motivasi Belajar terhadap Hasil Belajar Siswa Kelas VIII di SMPN 2 Sorolangun
Authors: Sudarmono Sudarmono
Published: June 2023

Tujuan Penelitian: Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis pengaruh motivasi belajar terhadap hasil belajar peserta didik, karena motivasi belajar merupakan hal perlu dimiliki peserta didik agar peserta didik tidak malas, dan pantang menyerah dalam belajar.
Metodologi: Sampel pada penelitian adalah siswa kelas VIII di SMP N 2 Sarolangun yang berjumlah 71 orang. Pengumpulan data menggunakan angket dan dukomentasi. Angket dipergunakan untuk mengungkapkan gambaran motivasi belajar dan hasil belajar pada siswa kelas VIII SMP N 2 Sarolangun. Dokumentasi yaitu berupa data hasil belajar siswa yang diambil dari leger nilai semester ganjil. Metode penelitian ini merupakan penelitian dengan menggunakan metode analisis regresi.
Temuan Utama: Penelitian mengungkapkan bahwa diperoleh R Square sebesar 0,173 atau yang memberi pengertian sebesar 17,3%. Dimana 17,3% hasil belajar di pengaruhi oleh motivasi belajar. sedangkan sisanya dipengaruhi faktor lain yang tidak dibahas oleh peneliti. Diketahui bahwa taraf signifikan pada tingkat kepercayaan 95% menunjukkan t hitung > t tabel (3,801 > 1,6672). Dengan demikian hipotesis alternatif (Ha) diterima dan hipotesis nol (Ho) ditolak. Berarti ada pengaruh antara motivasi belajar terhadap hasil belajar siswa kelas VIII di SMP N 2 Sarolangun.
Keterbaruan/Keaslian dari Penelitian: Mengetahui pengaruh motivasi belajar terhadap hasil belajar siswa.
The Effect of Applying PQ4R Strategy with a Scientific Approach on Mathematical Problem Solving Ability
Authors: Artuti Emy
Published: June 2023

Purpose of the study: This study aims to determine the effect of applying the PQ4R strategy with a scientific approach to the ability to solve mathematical problems in social arithmetic material.

Methodology: This research method is quantitative. The research that will be used is true experimental research. In this study, there were 2 sample class groups, namely the experimental and control classes. The author will provide learning treatment using the PQ4R learning strategy with a scientific approach to the experimental class, while the control class, it remains with the usual expository strategy.

Main Findings: Based on the results of student activity research, it was obtained that 80% of students were active from the total number of students. Then the assessment results of student activity observation sheets are included in the "Very Good" category. The results mentioned above have achieved the criteria for success in a lesson so that the use of the PQ4R learning strategy (Preview, Question, Read, Reflect, Recite, Review) affects the learning process of student activities.

Novelty/Originality of this study: The novelty of this research is the use of PQ4R learning strategies in fostering students' problem-solving abilities in mathematics.
THE BASIC PSYCHOLOGICAL NEEDS IN THE ENGLISH SUBJECT: A RASCH MEASUREMENT MODEL
Authors: Susanto Alpino , Megah S Suswanto Ismedi , Susanti Ervin Nora
Published: June 2023

A matter of great interest to researchers in the field of education today is how to improve students' well-being, engagement, or learning achievement in tertiary level contexts. Some scholars suggest to start from the assessment of students' satisfaction upon their basic psychological needs. However, recently, the number of validated tools to assess the satisfaction of the basic psychological needs is still rare. This study measured the validity and reliability of an adapted basic psychological needs theory used in foreign language learning. There were two developed questionnaires to identify basic psychological needs which covers a different number of indicators. The study presented empirical evidence of validity and reliability using the Rasch Model. This pilot study was conducted in two different universities and cities, Indonesia. There were 34 students as a participant in this study. Data were analyzed using WINSTEPS version 3.69.1.11. Results show that the instrument that can measure BPN in the context of English courses at the tertiary level is feasible to use in measuring BPN. The researchers only got one invalid item from the "relatedness" indicator.
ВПЛИВ СЕКРЕТОМ КЛІТИН НА РЕГЕНЕРАТИВНИЙ ПРОЦЕС ПРИ ШКІРНО-М’ЯЗОВОМУ ПОШКОДЖЕННІ У ЩУРІВ
Authors: Kliuchnykova Antonina , Lisianyi Mykola , Bielska Liudmyla
Published: June 2023

Мета дослідження. Визначення впливу секретом, отриманих із різних джерел на регенерацію шкірно-м’язового пошкодження у щурів. В даній роботі досліджували секретоми прилипаючої та не прилипаючої фракції клітин фетального головного мозку, та секретоми спленоцитів щурів.

Матеріали та методи. Досліджували вплив секретом на змодельований рановий процес. Наркотизованим тваринам скальпелем робили надріз шкірно-м’язового покриття стегна розміром 1×2 см2. На 2, 3 та 4 добу після моделювання рани, тваринам внутрішньом’язово (1 серія досліджень), та внутрішньоочеревинно (2 серія досліджень) вводили секретоми. З наступного дня заміряли площу ранової поверхні.

Результати досліджень. При внутрішньо-м’язовому введенні секретом, отриманих із прилипаючої фракції к.г.м.н.щ., шкірно-м’язова рана з площі ранової поверхні на 5 добу після нанесення рани зменшувалась у 8,6 рази, тоді як в тварин контрольної групи ранова поверхня складала 0,8×0,53 см2, і на 8 добу після нанесення рани в даній групі спостерігається повне загоєння, тоді як у тварин контрольної групи ще на 8 добу спостерігали струп ранової поверхні розміром 0,16×0,03 см2.Достовірно не відрізнялись і результати при внутрішньо-м’язовому введенні секретому, отриманому із с.с. Тоді як при введенні секретом, отриманих із не прилипаючої фракції к.г.м.н.щ., ранова поверхня за площею не відрізнялася від такої в тварин контрольної групи, і повне загоєння рани спостерігалось на 9 добу після нанесення рани.Найшвидше загоювались рани в групах тварин, яким внутрішньоочеревинно вводили секретом прилипаючої фракції к.г.м.н.щ і при внутрішньоочеревинному введенні секретом спленоцитів, де площа ранової поверхні в даних групах вірогідно не відрізнялася. При введенні внутрішньоочеревинно, секретом не прилипаючої фракції к.г.м.н.щ., прискорення загоєння рани не спостерігалося, де площа ранової поверхні була майже такою, як і в контролі, і повне загоєння ранової поверхні спостерігалося на 11 добу після нанесення рани.

Висновки. Секретоми, отримані з головного мозку новонароджених щурів, а саме прилипаюча фракція та секретоми, отримані з мононуклеарів спленоцитів щурів, вірогідно прискорюють регенерацію шкірно-м’язового пошкодження стегна у щурів. Секретоми не прилипаючої фракції клітин головного мозку новонароджених щурів не впливають на відновлення та загоєння ранової поверхні.
Pengaruh Program Pelatihan Terhadap Kreativitas Motif Sulaman Karawo di UMKM Serasi
Authors: Zakaria Rahmawati , Popoi Irina , Mahmud Melizubaida , Sudirman Sudirman
Published: June 2023

The present research aimed to determine the effect of the training program on the creativity of Karawo (Traditional Fabric of Gorontalo) embroidery motifs at UMKM (Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises) Serasi, Dulomo Selatan Village, Kota Utara Subdistrict, Gorontalo City. This research employed a quantitative approach with a survey research method. The data used were primary data obtained from distributing questionnaires to customers at UMKM Serasi, Dulomo Selatan Village, Kota Utara Subdistrict, Gorontalo City, with a total sample of 30 respondents. At the same time, the date analysis technique used simple linear regression. The finding revealed that the training program affected the creativity of  the Karawo embroidery motifs at UMKM Serasi, Dulomo Selatan Village, Kota Utara Subdistrict, Gorontalo City. The effect of the training program on the creativity of the Karawo embroider motifs was 20,0%, while the remaining 80,0% were affected by other variables that were not exammed in this research.
Pengaruh Kinerja Kepala Desa Terhadap Pembangunan Ekonomi
Authors: Makjun Lilisandra , Mahmud Melizubaida , Bahsoan Agil , Moonti Usman , Saleh Sri Endang , Sudirman Sudirman
Published: June 2023

This research employs a quantitative approarch. Meanwhile, the data are collected through observation, interviews, and questionnaires. The research samples were 50 people in Mootawa Village, Bone Raya Subdistrict, Bone Bolango Regency. The research applies simple linier regression. The research findings indicate that the performance  of the village chief positively affects  economic development  in Mootawa Village, Bone Raya Subdistrict, Bone Bolango Regency and it is identified from the calculation of the Pearson correlation coefficient of 0,521
Pengaruh Kualitas Produk Terhadap Kepuasan Konsumen Toko Amira Meubel Kota Gorontalo
Authors: Sayedi Fandriananto , Ilato Rosman , Hafid Radia , Moonti Usman , Sudirman Sudirman
Published: June 2023

The present research aimed to determine the effect of product quality on customer satisfaction at Amira Furniture Store, Gorontalo City.This research employed a quantitative approach with a survey research method. The data used were primary data obtained from disributing questionnaires to customers of Amira Furniture Store, Gorontalo City, with a sample of 40 respondents. In the meantime, the data analysis technique used simple linear regression.In conclusion, product quality had a significant effect on customer satisfaction at the Amira Furniture Store, Gorontalo City. In addition, product quality effectively and efficiently had a significant effect on customer satisfaction for 51.4%, while the remaining 48.6% were affected by other variables examined in this research. This result signified that product quality significantly affected customer satisfaction at Amira Furniture Store, Gorontalo City.
Pengaruh Pemberian Kredit Usaha Rakyat (KUR) BRI Unit Bualemo Terhadap Pertumbuhan Wirausaha di Desa Nipa Kalemoan Kecamatan Bualemo Kabupaten Banggai
Authors: Tahawali Yelmi , Moonti Usman , Bahsoan Agil , Sudirman Sudirman
Published: June 2023

In addition, this research used a quantitative approach and the data were collected using observation, questionnaires, and documentation. Moreover, the population and the sample in this research were all 30 customers of BRI Bualemo Unit, The data were then analyzed through a simple linear regression analysis. The research results showed that giving Loans for People’s Business (KUR) positively affected Entrepreneurial Growth in Nipa Kalemoan Village, Bualemo Subdistrict, Banggai Regency. From the calculation of the coefficient of determination, it showed that the R square was 0.602, which meant that 60.2% of the variability of Entrepreneurial Growth (Y) in Nipa Kalemoan Village, Bualemo Subdistrict, Banggai Regency can be explained by the variable of giving Loans for People’s Business (KUR) (X), while other variables explained the remaining 39.8%.
Pengaruh Kepemimpinan Kepala Sekolah Terhadap Kinerja Guru di SMK Negeri 1 Suwawa
Authors: Unaiya Ruth , Moonti Usman , Sudirman Sudirman
Published: June 2023

This research employs a quantitative approach. The data are primary data obtained from the distribution of questionnaires to the educators and educational staff osf SMK Negeri 1 Suwawa, Bone Bolango Regency, Gorontalo Province. The number of samples in this research is 58 respondents. The data are analyzed through Simple Linear Regression. The results indicate that there is an influence of school principal leadership on Teacher Performance at SMK 1 Suwawa, Bone Bolango Regency, Gorontalo Province. The magnitude of the influence of the school principal’s leadership on teacher performance at SMK Negeri 1 Suwawa, Bone Bolango Regency, Gorontalo Province is 65,3%, while unexamined variables influence the remaining 34,7%.
Pengaruh Metode Pemberian Tugas Terhadap Hasil Belajar Siswa Pada Mata Pelajaran IPS Terpadu di SMP Negeri 2 Kabila
Authors: Sakum Nuralwiyah Sania , Panigoro Meyko , Sudirman Sudirman , Ilato Rosman , Maruwae Abdurahim
Published: June 2023

This research employed a quantitative approach. The data were collected through observation, questionnaires, and documentation. The populations in this research were all SMP Negeri 2 Kabila students, totaling 61 students, while the samples were 40 students. The anaysis method employed Simple Linear Regression. The results indicated that the assignment method positively affected student learning outcomes in the Integrated Social Studies subject at SMP Negeri 2 Kabila, Bone Bolango Regency. From the calculation of the coefficient of determination, it indicated an R-square of 0,313, which meant that 31,3% of the variability of student learning outcomes in the Integrated Social Studies subject at SMP Negeri 2 Kabila, Bone Bolango Regency could be explained by the assignment method, while other variables explained the remaining 68,7%.
Peran Pemerintah Desa Terhadap Pengembangan Badan Usaha Milik Desa Monano Kecamatan Karamat Kabupaten Buol
Authors: J Baingan Moh Yani , Moonti Usman , Mahmud Melizubaida , Canon Syarwani , Sudirman Sudirman
Published: June 2023

This study aimed to discover the Role of the Village Government in the Development of Village-Owned Enterprises (BUMDes) in Monano Village, Karamat Sub District, Buol Regency, Central Sulawesi Province. This study used a quantitative approach with a descriptive quantitative method, a correlational design, and a sample of 30 people. Meanwhile, the data were collected through observations, questionnaires, interviews, and documentation and the analyzed using Multiple Linier Regression analysis. In accordance with the finding, it is concluded that the Village Government has played a role in developing Village-Owned Enterprises (BUMDes) in Monano Village, Karamat Sub District, Buol Regency, Central Sulawesi Province.
Pengaruh Alokasi Dana Desa Dan Pengembangan BUMDes Terhadap Peningkatan Kesejahteraan Masyarakat
Authors: Ibrahim Anti , Canon Syarwani , Sudirman Sudirman
Published: June 2023

This research aims to determine the influence of Village Fund Allocation and BUMDes development on the improvement of the community welfare in Ilomata Village, Atinggola Subdistrict, North Gorontalo Regency. This research employs a quantitative approach with a descriptive quantitative method and a total sample of 47 participants. The data are collected through observation, questionnaire, interview, and documentation, with the data analysis employing Multiple Linear Regression. In conformity with the research finding, the Village Fund Affocation and BUMDes development positively influence the improvement of the Contity welfare in Ilomata Village, Atinggola Subdistrict, North Gorontalo Distriel
Pengaruh Pengelolaan Dana Desa Dalam Meningkatkan Pembangunan Desa Popalo Kecamatan Anggrek Kabupaten Gorontalo Utara
Authors: Pakaya Wandri , Arham Muhammad Amir , Hasiru Roy , Sudirman Sudirman
Published: June 2023

The research employed a quantitative approach with a descriptive research method where the data were obtained by distributing questionnaires to the Popalo village community, including the Popalo village government. In the meantime, the population of this research was the entire Heads of Household, totaling 347 people, including the village government registered in Popalo Village, Anggrek Subdistrict, Gorontalo Utara Regency. Meanwhile, the research samples were 30 respondents or 30 Heads of Household. At the same time, the data analysis technique used was the product-moment correlation statistical formula. The findings depicted that the village fund positively and significantly affected the development of Popalo Village, Anggrek Subdistrict, Gorontalo Utara Regency. This finding signified that the good implementation of village fund by the government could improve the development of Popalo Village, Anggrek Subdistrict, Gorontalo Utara Regency.