bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Incidental Bladder Cancer Found on Cystoscopy during Prostate Biopsy: Prevalence, Pathological Findings, and Oncological Outcome
Authors: Tohi Yoichiro , Miyauchi Yasuyuki , Yamasaki Mari , Fujiwara Kengo , Harada Satoshi , Matsuda Iori , Ito Ayako , Matsuoka Yuki , Kato Takuma , Taoka Rikiya , Tsunemori Hiroyuki , Ueda Nobufumi , Sugimoto Mikio
Published: August 2021

Introduction: We examined the prevalence, pathological findings, and oncological outcomes of incidental bladder cancer found on cystoscopy among patients eligible for prostate biopsy (PB). Methods: We retrospectively reviewed 803 patients who underwent cystoscopy prior to PB between January 2010 and September 2020. In cases of bladder tumor-like findings on cystoscopy, biopsy or transurethral resection of the bladder tumor was performed. The primary and secondary outcomes were the prevalence of incidental bladder cancer and pathological and oncological outcomes of incidental bladder cancer, respectively. Results: Incidental findings were observed in 31/803 patients (3.9%). Bladder tumor-like findings were found in 24/803 patients (3%), while 9/803 patients (1.1%) were pathologically diagnosed with urothelial carcinoma. The stage and grade of incidental bladder cancer were pTa in 8/9 patients and pT1 in 1/9 and low grade in 8/9 and high in 1/9, respectively. The median tumor size of the papillary pedunculated type was 0.5 cm. At 26-month median follow-up, no recurrence was observed. Conclusion: Cystoscopy during PB may yield incidental bladder cancer findings, although the prevalence is very low. Incidental bladder cancer was of low stage and grade, which seemed unrelated to survival. Moreover, performing routine cystoscopy in conjunction with PB is not recommended as it may lead to overdiagnosis of low-risk bladder cancer.
Open Perilunate Fracture Dislocation with Lunate Extrusion: A Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Baptista Mário , Ribeiro Elisabete , Ribau Melanie , Vieira Ferreira Nuno , Varanda Pedro , Rodrigues Luís Filipe
Published: August 2021

Perilunate injuries with lunate extrusion are extremely rare, representing an extreme subgroup of the Mayfield type 4 spectrum, with prognosis and management remaining controversial. We present a 45-year-old man with an open type 4 perilunate fracture dislocation, with lunate extrusion through the volar skin. Despite emergent treatment with open reduction and internal fixation, lunate and scaphoid proximal pole avascular necrosis developed. However, the overall functional outcome was satisfactory for daily activities at 30 months follow-up, with substantial improvement in the range of motion after hardware removal. To our knowledge, this is the third reported case of an open perilunate injury with lunate extrusion in the literature.
Um corpo que se desintegra em palavras: Elis o teoría de la distancia de Lucas Margarit
Authors: Terenzi Juan Manuel
Published: August 2021

Resenha de livro.
Passado a limpo
Authors: Almeida Aline Novais de
Published: August 2021

Notícias de crítica genética.
Homenagem ao professor Alfredo Bosi
Authors: Willemart Philippe Leon Marie
Published: August 2021

Trata-se de uma homenagem ao Prof. Alfredo Bosi falecido recentemente.
Proust contra a Degradação: gênese, infortúnios e redenção de um livro
Authors: Nogueira-Pretti Luciana Persice
Published: August 2021

Esse artigo retraça os caminhos e descaminhos da obra Proust contra a Degradação, de Joseph Czapski (1896-1993), e os percalços de sua redação, transmissão e publicação. Esse livro transita entre memória, ensaio e testemunho histórico, e transcreve uma série de conferências proferidas entre 1940 e 1941, no interior de um gulag siberiano, sobre Proust, seu romance, e seu poder “salvador” (de acordo com o próprio autor). Livro que espelha, em certa medida, seu autor, sobrevive a perdas e esquecimentos. O autor, que é escritor, artista plástico e crítico de arte, pretendia, com ele, “fazer um tributo à literatura francesa“, mas seu belo ensaio é eclipsado por imperativos ideológicos. Escrito (manuscrito) em 1941, perdido, reescrito (em tapuscritos) entre 1943 e 1944, publicado parcialmente num jornal francês em fins de 1943, traduzido e publicado na Polônia, em 1948, e, finalmente, publicado integralmente por uma editora suíça em 1987 – para voltar a ser esquecido, durante um quarto de século, até sua redenção a partir de 2011. Convidamos à leitura da saga de um livro, que reflete seu tempo e seu contexto.

 
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Genetic Deficiency of TRAF5 Promotes Adipose Tissue Inflammation and Aggravates Diet-Induced Obesity in Mice
Authors: Gissler Mark Colin , Anto-Michel Nathaly , Pennig Jan , Scherrer Philipp , Li Xiaowei , Marchini Timoteo , Pfeiffer Katharina , Härdtner Carmen , Abogunloko Tijani , Mwinyella Timothy , Sol Mitre Lucia , Spiga Lisa , Koentges Christoph , Smolka Christian , von Elverfeldt Dominik , Hoppe Natalie , Stachon Peter , Dufner Bianca , Heidt Timo , Piepenburg Sven , Hilgendorf Ingo , Bjune Jan-Inge , Dankel Simon N. , Mellgren Gunnar , Seifert Gabriel , Eisenhardt Steffen U. , Bugger Heiko , von zur Muhlen Constantin , Bode Christoph , Zirlik Andreas , Wolf Dennis , Willecke Florian
Published: August 2021

Objective:

The accumulation of inflammatory leukocytes is a prerequisite of adipose tissue inflammation during cardiometabolic disease. We previously reported that a genetic deficiency of the intracellular signaling adaptor TRAF5 (TNF [tumor necrosis factor] receptor–associated factor 5) accelerates atherosclerosis in mice by increasing inflammatory cell recruitment. Here, we tested the hypothesis that an impairment of TRAF5 signaling modulates adipose tissue inflammation and its metabolic complications in a model of diet-induced obesity in mice.

Approach and Results:

To induce diet-induced obesity and adipose tissue inflammation, wild-type or
Traf5
−/−
mice consumed a high-fat diet for 18 weeks.
Traf5
−/−
mice showed an increased weight gain, impaired insulin tolerance, and increased fasting blood glucose. Weight of livers and peripheral fat pads was increased in
Traf5
−/−
mice, whereas lean tissue weight and growth were not affected. Flow cytometry of the stromal vascular fraction of visceral adipose tissue from
Traf5
−/−
mice revealed an increase in cytotoxic T cells, CD11c
+
macrophages, and increased gene expression of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines. At the level of cell types, expression of TNFα, MIP (macrophage inflammatory protein)-1α, MCP (monocyte chemoattractant protein)-1, and RANTES (regulated on activation, normal T-cell expressed and secreted) was significantly upregulated in
Traf5
-deficient adipocytes but not in
Traf5
-deficient leukocytes from visceral adipose tissue. Finally,
Traf5
expression was lower in adipocytes from obese patients and mice and recovered in adipose tissue of obese patients one year after bariatric surgery.

Conclusions:

We show that a genetic deficiency of TRAF5 in mice aggravates diet-induced obesity and its metabolic derangements by a proinflammatory response in adipocytes. Our data indicate that TRAF5 may promote anti-inflammatory and obesity-preventing signaling events in adipose tissue.
Mobile Interventional Stroke Teams Improve Outcomes in the Early Time Window for Large Vessel Occlusion Stroke
Authors: Morey Jacob R. , Zhang Xiangnan , Marayati Naoum Fares , Matsoukas Stavros , Fiano Emily , Oxley Thomas , Dangayach Neha , Stein Laura K. , Fara Michael G. , Skliut Maryna , Kellner Christopher , De Leacy Reade , Mocco J , Tuhrim Stanley , Fifi Johanna T.
Published: August 2021

Background and Purpose:

Endovascular thrombectomy for large vessel occlusion stroke is a time-sensitive intervention. The use of a Mobile Interventional Stroke Team (MIST) traveling to Thrombectomy Capable Stroke Centers to perform endovascular thrombectomy has been shown to be significantly faster with improved discharge outcomes, as compared with the drip-and-ship (DS) model. The effect of the MIST model stratified by time of presentation has yet to be studied. We hypothesize that patients who present in the early window (last known well of ≤6 hours) will have better clinical outcomes in the MIST model.

Methods:

The NYC MIST Trial and a prospectively collected stroke database were assessed for patients undergoing endovascular thrombectomy from January 2017 to February 2020. Patients presenting in early and late time windows were analyzed separately. The primary end point was the proportion with a good outcome (modified Rankin Scale score of 0–2) at 90 days. Secondary end points included discharge National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale and modified Rankin Scale.

Results:

Among 561 cases, 226 patients fit inclusion criteria and were categorized into MIST and DS cohorts. Exclusion criteria included a baseline modified Rankin Scale score of >2, inpatient status, or fluctuating exams. In the early window, 54% (40/74) had a good 90-day outcome in the MIST model, as compared with 28% (24/86) in the DS model (
P
<0.01). In the late window, outcomes were similar (35% versus 41%;
P
=0.77). The median National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale at discharge was 5.0 and 12.0 in the early window (
P
<0.01) and 5.0 and 11.0 in the late window (
P
=0.11) in the MIST and DS models, respectively. The early window discharge modified Rankin Scale was significantly better in the MIST model (
P
<0.01) and similar in the late window (
P
=0.41).

Conclusions:

The MIST model in the early time window results in better 90-day outcomes compared with the DS model. This may be due to the MIST capturing high-risk fast progressors at an earlier time point.

Registration:

URL:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov
; Unique identifier: NCT03048292.
Are Ellipses Important for Machine Translation?
Authors: Khullar Payal
Published: August 2021

This article describes an experiment to evaluate the impact of different types of ellipses discussed in theoretical linguistics on Neural Machine Translation (NMT), using English to Hindi/Telugu as source and target languages. Evaluation with manual methods shows that most of the errors made by Google NMT are located in the clause containing the ellipsis, the frequency of such errors is slightly more in Telugu than Hindi, and the translation adequacy shows improvement when ellipses are reconstructed with their antecedents. These findings not only confirm the importance of ellipses and their resolution for MT, but also hint toward a possible correlation between the translation of discourse devices like ellipses with the morphological incongruity of the source and target. We also observe that not all ellipses are translated poorly and benefit from reconstruction, advocating for a disparate treatment of different ellipses in MT research.
Bilingual Heaven: Was There a Distinct Persianate Islam in the Early Modern Ottoman Empire?
Authors: Gürbüzel Aslıhan
Published: August 2021

What is the language of heaven? Is Arabic the only language allowed in the eternal world of the virtuous, or will Muslims continue to speak their native languages in the other world? While learned scholars debated the language of heaven since the early days of Islam, the question gained renewed vigor in seventeenth century Istanbul against the background of a puritan reform movement which criticized the usage of Persian and the Persianate canon as sacred text. In response, Mevlevī authors argued for the discursive authority of the Persianate mystical canon in Islamic tradition (sunna). Focusing on this debate, this article argues that early modern Ottoman authors recognized non-legal discourses as integral and constitutive parts of the Islamic tradition. By adopting the imagery of bilingual heaven, they conceptualized Islamic tradition as a diverse discursive tradition. Alongside diversity, another important feature of Persianate Islam was a positive propensity towards innovations.
How to Carve a King: Janna’s Inscription in the Temple of Amṛteśvara
Authors: Mucciarelli Elena
Published: August 2021

The article provides a reading of a twelfth-century inscription composed by a courtly poet in Karnataka. At its most rudimentary level, the inscription praises the king and glorifies his commander. However, a closer reading demonstrates the poet playing with the conventions of his time. One of the techniques used to enhance the power of the ruler was to represent the commanders as replicas of their king. The author turns this mechanism into the inscription’s poetic motif. He uses the very dynamic of reduplication to subtly show the limits in the construction of power.
Integrating palaeo- and archaeobotanical data for a synthesis of the Italian fossil record of Lycopus (Lamiaceae, Mentheae)
Authors: MARTINETTO EDOARDO , ARDENGHI NICOLA M. G. , AROBBA DANIELE , BERTINI ADELE , BOSI GIOVANNA , CARAMIELLO ROSANNA , CASTIGLIONI ELISABETTA , FLORENZANO ASSUNTA , HVALJ ALEKSEJ VLADIMIROVIČ , KROMER BERND , MARITAN MICHELE , MAZZANTI MARTA , MACALUSO LOREDANA , MIOLA ANTONELLA , PEREGO RENATA , RAVAZZI CESARE , RINALDI ROSSELLA , ROTTOLI MAURO , TALAMO SAHRA , VASSIO ELENA , MERCURI ANNA MARIA
Published: August 2021

Lycopus is a widespread herbaceous plant, currently part of European flora. Fossil remains of fruits (nutlets or mericarps) attributed to this genus are frequently found in European archaeological and palaeontological sites, being easily preserved in sedimentary deposits. In a worldwide context, the oldest fossils are from the early Oligocene (ca. 30 Ma) of West Siberia, but they become more common in Miocene (23.0–5.3 Ma) records, ranging from West Siberia to Central Europe. In the literature, the Oligocene and Miocene remains (plus a few Pliocene ones) were assigned to fossil-species, whereas the abundant Pliocene and Pleistocene occurrences (5–0.01 Ma) in Europe were mainly assigned to the extant species L. europaeus. The present work is conceived as the result of an ad hoc research team whose task was to revise and summarize the Italian fossil record of Lycopus, assembling palaeobotanical and archaeobotanical data. We herein report ca. 6000 Lycopus nutlets from 61 sites located in nine regions of Northern and Central Italy. Based on the available information on extant species, we detected nine morphological types of nutlets that can be used for the characterisation of fossils. Our analysis suggests that from 4 to 2.6 Ma a single taxon (L. cf. pliocenicus) with L. americanus-type of nutlets occurred in Italy. The first occurrence of the latter morphological type is from the early Oligocene of West Siberia. The available fossils mildly suggest that extant L. americanus could be the descendant of ancient Eurasian plants characterised by the L. americanus-type of nutlets, through expansion of their range to North America. Conversely, the abundant Italian records of the last 0.2 Ma, including remains from archaeological sites, are only referable to the Eurasian species L. europaeus.
Polygonatum caulialatum, a new species of medicinal plant of Polygonatum (Asparagaceae) from Sichuan, China
Authors: CHEN HONG-YUAN , HUANG YA , ZHOU XIAO-XU , YI SI-RONG
Published: August 2021

A new species of Polygonatum (Asparagaceae), Polygonatum caulialatum S. R. Yi from Bashan canyon of Xuanhan, Dazhou, Sichuan, China, is described in this paper, it is similar to P. cyrtonema Hua and P. odoratum (Miller) Druce in appearance for stem glabrous, leaves alternate, corolla campanulate, stamens not exposed, ovary glabrous and berries black, but differs from the former in middle and upper stem slightly flat with two distinct narrow wings, inflorescences 1–2(–3)-flowered, longer perianth lobes, filaments cylindrical and apically not inflated, longer styles and more seeds per berry; and differs from the latter in thicker moniliform rhizome, middle and upper stem slightly flat with two distinct narrow wings, longer perianth lobes, filaments cylindrical, longer anthers and styles, more seeds per berry.
New country records for species of Boraginaceae and Lamiaceae in the Horn of Africa hotspot
Authors: THULIN MATS , LARSSON ANDERS
Published: August 2021

Cystostemon heliocharis (Boraginaceae), previously known from Yemen and Somalia, is reported from Ethiopia, and a photograph of the species is provided. Trichodesma stocksii (Boraginaceae), previously known from Pakistan, Iran, and Oman, is reported from Yemen, and a drawing based on a Yemeni collection is provided. Clerodendrum hildebrandtii (Lamiaceae), previously known from Somalia, Kenya, Tanzania, and Mozambique, is reported from Ethiopia, based on a photographic record. Distribution maps showing the total distribution of these three species are presented.
The valid publication and identity of Aristolochia compressicaulis (Aristolochiaceae)
Authors: LIAO SHUAI , ZHU XIN-XIN , YAN JING , DU CHENG , LI HONG-QING
Published: August 2021

The valid publication and identity of Aristolochia compressicaulis are discussed for purposes of the precise application. Further studies reveal that it is a separate member of the genus Isotrema and a new combination, I. compressicaule, is proposed here.
Coloconger maculatus sp. nov., a species of short-tail eel from eastern Taiwan (Anguilliformes: Colocongridae)
Authors: HO HSUAN-CHING , TANG CHI-NGAI , CHU TAH-WEI
Published: August 2021

A new species of Coloconger is described from a large female collected off eastern Taiwan. It can be distinguished from congeners by having a large black blotch on rear portion of tail; posterior end of tail white; and combination of characters: head small 15.7% TL; 4 supratemporal pores, middle 2 in pair; 7 supraorbital pores, 2 pores over posterior nostril; 12 or 14 infraorbital pores; 14 preoperculomandibular pores; 226 dorsal-fin rays and 122 anal-fin rays; preanal vertebrae 77 and total vertebrae 145; rictus through a vertical of posterior margin of pupil; snout shorter than eye diameter; distance between origins of pectoral and dorsal fins 69.4% pectoral-fin length; and body brownish gray dorsally, light gray ventrally, and dorsal fin dark gray. Data and variations of Coloconger japonicus found in Taiwan are provided and discussed.
Differentiation of the Andean Ozadelpha ovata and O. rionegrella sp. nov. (Lepidoptera, Nepticulidae) based on characters of the male genitalia
Authors: REMEIKIS ANDRIUS , DOBRYNINA VIKTORIJA
Published: August 2021

We describe a new species, Ozadelpha rionegrella Remeikis & Dobrynina, sp. nov., a pygmy moth (Nepticulidae) from the southern Andes (Argentina). The new species is illustrated with photographs of the adult and male genitalia. We briefly discuss the issues of diagnostics of the new species and the related O. ovata (Puplesis & Robinson, 2000) and provide an updated pictorial tool for diagnostics of all currently known Ozadelpha species.
Bibliography for Comprehensive taxonomic, faunistic, biological, and geographic inventory and analysis of the Sciomyzidae (Diptera: Acalyptratae) of the Delmarva region and nearby states in eastern North America
Authors: MURPHY WILLIAM L. , MATHIS WAYNE N.
Published: August 2021

The ongoing usefulness of Table 1 in the Zootaxa paper Comprehensive taxonomic, faunistic, biological, and geographic inventory and analysis of the Sciomyzidae (Diptera: Acalyptratae) of the Delmarva region and nearby states in eastern North America (Murphy et al. 2018) is compromised by impermanent literature-citation numbering. To secure Table 1 as a permanent resource for the study of Sciomyzidae, provided herein are bibliographic data for the 59 works cited in that paper by Bibliography of Sciomyzidae (“ScioBiblio”) number only. Details are provided regarding the history of the ScioBiblio and plans to reorganize and publish it.
The “Cribrilina annulata" problem and new species of Juxtacribrilina (Bryozoa: Cheilostomata: Cribrilinidae) from the North Pacific
Authors: DICK MATTHEW H. , GRISCHENKO ANDREI V. , GORDON DENNIS P. , OSTROVSKY ANDREW N.
Published: August 2021

Originally described from Greenland, Juxtacribrilina annulata (Fabricius, 1780) (previously known as Cribrilina annulata) has long been regarded as having a circumpolar, Arctic-boreal distribution. The genus Juxtacribrilina Yang, Seo, Min, Grischenko & Gordon, 2018 accommodated J. annulata and three related North Pacific species formerly in Cribrilina Gray, 1848 that lack avicularia, have a reduced (hood-like, cap-like, or vestigial) ooecium closely associated with modified latero-oral spines to form an ooecial complex, and produce frontally or marginally positioned dwarf ovicellate zooids. While the recently described NW Pacific species J. mutabilis and J. flavomaris, which have a vestigial ooecium like a short, flattened spine, clearly differ from J. annulata, the differences between J. annulata and other Pacific populations remained unclear. Here we provide descriptions for five species from the North Pacific region. We identified a specimen from the Sea of Okhotsk as J. annulata. Among the other four species, J. ezoensis n. sp. has a trans-Pacific distribution (abundant at Akkeshi, Hokkaido, Japan; also detected in the Commander Islands and at Ketchikan, Southeast Alaska); J. pushkini n. sp. was found only at Ketchikan; J. dobrovolskii n. sp. was found only at Shikotan Island in the Lesser Kuril Chain; and J. tumida n. sp. was found only at Kodiak, Gulf of Alaska. These four species all differ from J. annulata in having one or two frontal pore chambers on the proximal gymnocyst of most zooids; in budding frontal dwarf ovicellate zooids from these chambers rather than from basal pore chambers; in producing dwarf zooids more abundantly; and in having ooecia that are somewhat to markedly more reduced (cap-like rather than hood-like) and more closely integrated with the modified latero-oral spines. Furthermore, in the Pacific species, the ooecium in basal zooids arises from the roof of the distal pore chamber of the maternal zooid; ovicellate zooids can thus also bud a distal autozooid and are often arranged in columnar series with other zooids. In J. annulata, the hood-like kenozooidal ooecium budded from the maternal zooid replaces the distal autozooid, and ovicellate zooids are thus usually not embedded in a columnar series.
microRNA-30e-5p Up-Regulation Subdues Osteosarcoma Cell Proliferation and Metastasis via Regulating Collagen Triple Helix Repeat Containing 1
Authors: Duan Yong , Tan Jin Hai , Tao Sheng Xiang , Liu SiYi , Zheng Qian Jin
Published: August 2021

The cancerous and matched para-carcinoma tissues were gained from total of 40 patients with OS, miR-30e-5p level was monitored through qRT-PCR, and the relevance between abnormal expressed miR-30e-5p and clinical indicators was uncovered. Simultaneously, miR-30e-5p expressive level
in common-applied OS cells was detected by qRT-PCR. Additionally, miR-30e-5p suppression and overexpression models were constructed, and CCK-8 and transwell procedures were subsequently executed to analyze the influences of miR-30e-5p in OS cells. Further, relation between miR-30e-5p and CTHRC1
was forecased, meanwhile CTHRC1 function in miR-30e-5p-modulated OS cells was explored. Low expressed miR-30e-5p is linked to the distant metastasis and poor prognosis, which may restrain the malignant progression of OS by targeting CTHRC1.
Silent Information Regulating Factor 2 Related Enzyme 1 Regulates the Formation of Osteoblasts and Osteoclasts Through the AKT/β-Catenin Pathway
Authors: Di Tianning , Gao Zhenhua , Wang Xuchun , Ma Yanchao
Published: August 2021

Bone remodeling participates in osteoporosis (OP). Silent information regulating factor 2 related enzyme 1 (sirtuin1, SIRT1) regulates cell survival, differentiation, metabolism and inflammation. However, the regulatory effect of SIRT1 on the formation of osteoblasts and osteoclasts
has not been reported. OP and normal rat BMSCs were assigned into control group, OP group, and SIRT1 group (Resveratrol) followed by measuring cell proliferation by MTT assay, ALP activity, expression of SIRT1, RUNX2 and OP by Real time PCR, AKT/β-catenin signaling protein expression
by Western blot. Rat BMSCs were cultured and treated with RANKL to induce osteoclast culture in the presence or absence of Resveratrol followed by analysis of cell proliferation and c-Fos and TRAP expression. SIRT1 expression and secretion in BMSCs cells and supernatant of OP group were significantly
reduced and cell proliferation was significantly inhibited along with reduced RUNX2 and OP expression, ALP activity as well as decreased AKT/β-catenin phosphorylation compared to control group (P < 0.05); addition of Resveratrol can significantly reverse the above changes
(P <0.05). Resveratrol can significantly promote SIRT1 expression, inhibit osteoclast proliferation, and reduce c-Fos and TRAP expression (P < 0.05). SIRT1 expression is reduced in osteoporosis and its upregulation promotes osteogenesis through AKT/β-catenin
pathway, inhibits osteoclast formation, and improves osteoporosis.
Mechanism of Ursolic Acid Inhibiting Myocardial Injury in Mice
Authors: Xiao Hongbing , Hu Wei , Gu Jun , Li Dandan
Published: August 2021

Ursolic acid can clear free radicals and prevent the formation of non-enzymatic glycosylation products. Our study assessed the inhibitory effect of UA on the myocardial tissue of mice. 36 healthy mice were equally and randomly divided into 3 groups by double blind method, sham operation
group, model group and ursolic acid group. Myocardial injury model was established and treated with ursolic acid followed by analysis of cell morphological structure and apoptosis; levels of serum CK, AST, LDH activity and IL-6, IL-1β and TNF-α levels, as well as expression
of p-AKT, AKT and PI3K in myocardial tissue. The morphological structure and apoptosis of ursolic acid group were improved compared to model group (P < 0.05). CK, AST, LDH, p-AKT and PI3K level in serum of ursolic acid group was significantly decreased (P <0.05) along with
significantly downregulate IL-6, IL-1β, TNF-α (P <0.05). Ursolic acid ameliorates myocardial injury in mice possibly through inhibition of AKT/P13K signaling pathway to reduce inflammatory cascade in the body.
Effects of miR-21 Mediating Nerve Cell Adhesion Molecule (NCAM) and Glial Cell-Line Derived Neurotrophic Factor (GDNF) Signals on the Proliferation and Apoptosis of Lung Cancer Cells
Authors: Li Dongliang , Dong Chaoqun , Fu Zejun , Song Yongming
Published: August 2021

Our study assessed the effect of miR-21 mediating Nerve Cell Adhesion Molecule (NCAM) and Glial Cell-line Derived Neurotrophic Factor (GDNF) on the proliferation and apoptosis of lung cancer cells. Lung cancer cell-line H460 cells were grouped as Lung cancer group (LC group) (normal
cultivation); Mimic group (SI group) which was transfected with 120 nmol/L miR-21 mimics and liposomes; Inhibitor group (IN group) (transfection of miR-21 inhibitor and liposomes) followed by analysis of cell apoptosis by Hoechst 33258 staining, GDNF level by immunohistochemistry, miR-21 level
by qRT-PCR, cell proliferation by CCK-8 and NCAM level by western blot. miR-21 content was significantly increased in SI group, indicating a successful transfection. The nucleus shrinkage rate in IN group and LC group was higher than SI group (P <0.05) and IN group had highest number
of apoptotic cells, lowest cell proliferation and NCAM level among three groups (P <0.05). SI group showed significantly higher positive GDNF staining than IN and LC group (both P <0.05). miR-21 promotes H460 cell proliferation and inhibits cell apoptosis by upregulating
NCAM and GDNF.
Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells (BMSCs) Induces Resistance to Papillary Thyroid Cancer by Activating Janus Kinase/Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription 3(JAK/STAT3)
Authors: Li Yuanjing , Wen Xing , Peng Chunfang , Chen Jiangyan , Chen Xiang
Published: August 2021

We aimed to explore the mechanism underlying bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) interacting the drug resistance in papillary thyroid cancer (PTC). In this study, we cultivated and screened cisplatin-resistant PTC cells. The shRNA targeting STAT3 was cloned into the pLKO.1-TRC
vector and the vector was transfected into the cancer cells. Afterwards, MTT, Transwell and flow cytometry assay were performed to detect the cell invasion, metastasis and apoptosis, while the expression of JAK pathway related proteins was analyzed through Western blot. Besides, MSCs obtained
from mouse blood were co-cultured with treated cells. The cells were injected into mice to detect in vivo effect of STAT3 and BMSCs on tumor growth. Compared with intravenous injection of MSCs, subcutaneous injection more effectively induced resistance to cisplatin, oxaliplatin or carboplatin.
Combined treatment of sh-STAT3 restored the sensitivity of tumor cells to chemotherapy. BMSCs injection reduced apoptosis of PTC cells, but hardly affected proliferation. Co-cultivation with BMSCs activated the PI3 K/Akt pathway in PTC cells and enhanced tumor growth. Transfection of shSTAT3
inactivated PI3 K/Akt pathway, promoted cell apoptosis and inhibit cell invasion. Co-culture with BMSCs promotes the malignant invasion of PTC cells through the activation of JAK/STAT3 and induces chemotherapy resistance of PTC cells.
The Effect of Autophagy Induced by Mothers Against Decapentaplegic Homolog 3 (Smad3) Regulated by MicroRNA (miRNA)-23b on Renal Injury in Septic Rats
Authors: Niu Zhao , Fan Duojiao , Zhang Yang , Jiang Junling
Published: August 2021

This study intends to investigate the mechanism by how microRNA (miRNA)-23b alleviates kidney damage in septic rats. Herein, septic rat model, control group and sham-operated model were set up to assess kidney tissue damage. Tissues were extracted from the rats and isolated into cells.
Then cells were transfected with plasmids expressing miR-23b followed by analysis of the expression of miR-23b, Smad3, TLR4, HMGB1 and autophagy-related proteins (LC3, beclin-1) by western blot and RT-qPCR. The level of TNF-α, IL-6 and BUN and SCr were elevated in the model group
and decreased after upregulation of miR-23b with increased LC3-II, Smad3 and Beclin-1 expression. miR-23b mimic group showed highest miR-23b expression followed by miR-23b NC group and miR-23b inhibitor group. The levels of TLR4, and HMGB1 and positive rate of NF-κBp65 in miR-23b
mimic group were significantly lower than those in miR-23b inhibitor group (p < 0.05). Importantly, miR-23b directly targeted Smad3 and inhibited its expression. In conclusion, overexpressed miR-23b induces autophagy by promoting Smad3 expression, alleviates kidney damage in septic
rats, and reduces inflammation and inactivates NF-κB signaling pathway.
The Climatological Rise in Winter Temperature- and Dewpoint-Based Thaw Events and Their Impact on Snow Depth on Mount Washington, New Hampshire
Authors: Kelsey Eric P. , Cinquino Eve
Published: August 2021

We analyze how winter thaw events (TE; T>0°C) are changing on the summit of Mount Washington, New Hampshire using three metrics: the number of TE, number of thaw hours, and number of thaw degree-hours for temperature and dewpoint for winters from 1935-36 to 2019-20. The impact of temperature-only-TE and dewpoint-TE on snow depth are compared to quantify the different impacts of sensible-only and sensible-and-latent heating, respectively. Results reveal that temperature- and dewpoint-TE for all metrics increased at a statistically significant rate (p<0.05) over the full time periods studied for temperature (1935-1936 to 2019-2020) and dewpoint (1939-1940 to 2019-2020). Notably around 2000-2001, the positive trends increased for most variables, including dewpoint thaw degree-hours that increased by 82.11 degree-hours decade-1during 2000-2020 – about five times faster than the 1939-2020 rate of 17.70 degree-hours decade-1. Furthermore, a clear upward shift occurred around 1990 in the lowest winter values of thaw hours and thaw degree-hours – winters now have a higher baseline amount of thaw than before 1990. Snow depth loss during dewpoint-TE (0.36 cm hr-1) occurred more than twice as fast as temperature-only-TE (0.14 cm hr-1). With winters projected to warm throughout the 21stcentury in the Northeastern US, it is expected that the trends in winter thaw events, and the sensible and latent energy they bring, will continue to rise and lead to more frequent winter flooding, fewer days of good quality snow for winter recreation, and changes in ecosystem function.
Opposite responses of the Indian Ocean to the thermal forcing of the Tibetan Plateau before and after the onset of the South Asian monsoon
Authors: Zhao Yu , Duan Anmin , Wu Guoxiong
Published: August 2021

The atmospheric circulation changes dramatically over a few days before and after the onset of the South Asian monsoon in spring. It is accompanied by the annual maximum surface heating over the Tibetan Plateau. We conducted two sets of experiments with a coupled general circulation model to compare the response of atmospheric circulation and wind-driven circulation in the Indian Ocean to the thermal forcing of the Tibetan Plateau before and after the monsoon onset. The results show that the Tibetan Plateau's thermal forcing modulates the sea surface temperature (SST) of the Indian Ocean and the meridional circulation in the upper ocean with opposite effects during these two stages. The thermal forcing of the Tibetan Plateau always induces a southwesterly response over the northern Indian Ocean and weakens the northeasterly background circulation before the monsoon onset. Subsequently, wind-evaporation feedback results in a warming SST response. Meanwhile, the oceanic meridional circulation shows offshore upwellings in the north and southward transport in the upper layer crossing the equator, sinking near 15°S. After the monsoon onset, the thermal forcing of the Tibetan Plateau accelerates the background southwesterly and introduces a cooling response to the Indian Ocean SST. The response of oceanic meridional overturning circulation is limited to the north of the equator due to the location and structural evolution of the climatological local Hadley circulation. With an acceleration of the local Walker circulation, the underlying zonal currents also show corresponding changes, including a westerly drift along the equator, downwelling near Indonesia, offshore upwelling near Somalia, and a westward undercurrent.
Variability in Activation Properties in Relation to Meteorological Phenomena
Authors: Zíková N. , Pokorná P. , Makeš O. , Rotrekl J. , Sedlák P. , Pešice P. , Ždímal V.
Published: August 2021

In situ campaigns focused on aerosol–cloud interactions were performed to describe the size-dependent activation of aerosols of various origins during variable meteorological conditions. Low cloud episodes, coded as fog, freezing fog, or rain with fog, were compared with nonphenomenon episodes. From the difference in aerosols measured behind the whole air inlet and PM2.5 inlet, the activated fraction (AF; a share of activated particles from all those available) was calculated. For fog, the AF was stable, resulting in a small variability in the activated size. During freezing fog, a higher variability in supersaturation was deduced from larger variability in the AF and smaller effective radii of cloud droplets. The AF during rain with fog showed a connection to the air mass origin, less effective activation, and smaller cloud droplets. The analysis of the relationship between meteorological conditions and activations suggested that the different hydrometeors were connected with different air masses. No effect of photochemistry was found; in contrast, some dependence on relative humidity, temperature, wind speed, and liquid water content (LWC) was described. With increasing humidity, smaller particles were able to activate. For lower RH, the importance of supersaturation fluctuations increased, moving to a fluctuation-influenced regime. The strongest connection was found between activation and LWC; for the LWC below 0.10 g m−3, a strong decrease in activated particle size was found with increasing LWC, due to turbulence, number of particles, and availability of condensable water. From 0.10 g m−3 LWC and higher, the LWC and the connected supersaturation could be the main factors influencing the activation.
The Language of Inequality: Evidence Economic Inequality Increases Wealth Category Salience
Authors: Peters Kim , Jetten Jolanda , Tanjitpiyanond Porntida , Wang Zhechen , Mols Frank , Verkuyten Maykel
Published: August 2021

There is evidence that in more economically unequal societies, social relations are more strained. We argue that this may reflect the tendency for wealth to become a more fitting lens for seeing the world, so that in economically more unequal circumstances, people more readily divide the world into “the haves” and “have nots.” Our argument is supported by archival and experimental evidence. Two archival analyses reveal that at times of greater inequality, books in the United Kingdom and the United States and news media in English-speaking countries were more likely to mention the rich and poor. Three experiments, two preregistered, provided evidence for the causal role of economic inequality in people’s use of wealth categories when describing life in a fictional society; effects were weaker when examining real economic contexts. Thus, one way in which inequality changes the world may be by changing how we see it.
Interpreting testing and assessment: A state-of-the-art review
Authors: Han Chao
Published: August 2021

Over the past decade, testing and assessing spoken-language interpreting has garnered an increasing amount of attention from stakeholders in interpreter education, professional certification, and interpreting research. This is because in these fields assessment results provide a critical evidential basis for high-stakes decisions, such as the selection of prospective students, the certification of interpreters, and the confirmation/refutation of research hypotheses. However, few reviews exist providing a comprehensive mapping of relevant practice and research. The present article therefore aims to offer a state-of-the-art review, summarizing the existing literature and discovering potential lacunae. In particular, the article first provides an overview of interpreting ability/competence and relevant research, followed by main testing and assessment practice (e.g., assessment tasks, assessment criteria, scoring methods, specificities of scoring operationalization), with a focus on operational diversity and psychometric properties. Second, the review describes a limited yet steadily growing body of empirical research that examines rater-mediated interpreting assessment, and casts light on automatic assessment as an emerging research topic. Third, the review discusses epistemological, psychometric, and practical challenges facing interpreting testers. Finally, it identifies future directions that could address the challenges arising from fast-changing pedagogical, educational, and professional landscapes.
Reimagining access to justice through the eyes of rural domestic violence survivors
Authors: Magnus Amy M , Donohue Frank A
Published: August 2021

Access to justice is a theoretical construct and applied principle within the US legal system, centering equity in access to legal services and representation. However, access to justice extends beyond the legal sphere and into the daily lives of vulnerable people. This article contributes to long-standing efforts to reimagine and repurpose the access to justice framework through an ethnographic examination of rural domestic violence. In doing so, there exists significant promise to transform access to justice in a way that comprehensively sees and addresses inequity and injustice. Access to justice can be used in a multitude of ways to make sense of vulnerability at the intersection of rurality, domestic violence, resource accessibility, and activism, expanding the theoretical framework beyond its original scope toward social justice.
Efficacy of Targeted Immunotherapy as Induction or Salvage Therapy in Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Ponvilawan Ben , Vittayawacharin Pongthep , Tunsing Pattaraporn , Owattanapanich Weerapat
Published: August 2021

Background:

Monoclonal antibodies targeting cluster of differentiation (CD) proteins have been incorporated into standard treatments for multiple types of hematologic malignancies, including acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). This systematic review and meta-analysis investigated the efficacy of using CD-targeted antibodies for ALL.

Materials and Methods:

The EMBASE and MEDLINE databases were searched for research papers using immunotherapy- and ALL-related terms from inception to July 2021. Eligible studies were randomized, controlled trials (RCTs) or cohort studies in which ALL patients received CD-targeted immunotherapy or conventional chemotherapy as the induction or salvage therapy. The reports had to report our primary outcomes of interest: overall survival (OS), relapse-free survival (RFS), or complete remission (CR), with the patient number for each outcome. The effect estimates with 95% confidence interval (CI) from each study were combined to calculate the pooled-effect estimate, using the Hantel-Maenszel method.

Results:

Five RCTs and 9 retrospective cohort studies were eligible for the meta-analysis. ALL patients given CD-targeted immunotherapy in the induction or salvage therapy had significantly higher OS and RFS rates than those administered conventional chemotherapy only, with pooled odds ratios (OR) of 2.11 (95% CI, 1.76-2.53; I2, 0%) and 2.25 (95% CI, 1.62-3.14; I2, 61%), respectively. The rates of achieving CR and minimal residual disease negativity were also higher for the immunotherapy group, with pooled ORs of 1.70 (95% CI, 1.07-2.69; I2, 79%) and 2.98 (95% CI, 1.17-7.58; I2, 90%), while developing less risk for febrile neutropenia (pooled OR, 0.22; 95% CI, 0.08-0.58; I2, 84%). Subgroup analyses revealed that all antibody types yielded dramatically better OS rates than those for patients administered chemotherapy alone.

Conclusions:

The ALL patients receiving CD-targeted immunotherapy as induction or salvage therapy had significantly higher response rates and survival outcomes, as well as lower odds of acquiring febrile neutropenia, than the patients given conventional chemotherapy.
What’s new in pulmonary hypertension clinical research: lessons from the best abstracts at the 2020 American Thoracic Society International Conference
Authors: Sweatt Andrew J. , Reddy Raju , Rahaghi Farbod N. , Al‐Naamani Nadine ,   American Thoracic Society Pulmonary Circulation Assembly Early Career Working Group
Published: August 2021

In this conference paper, we review the 2020 American Thoracic Society International Conference session titled, “What’s New in Pulmonary Hypertension Clinical Research: Lessons from the Best Abstracts”. This virtual mini‐symposium took place on 21 October 2020, in lieu of the annual in‐person ATS International Conference which was cancelled due to the COVID‐19 pandemic. Seven clinical research abstracts were selected for presentation in the session, which encompassed five major themes: (1) standardizing diagnosis and management of pulmonary hypertension, (2) improving risk assessment in pulmonary arterial hypertension, (3) evaluating biomarkers of disease activity, (4) understanding metabolic dysregulation across the spectrum of pulmonary hypertension, and (5) advancing knowledge in chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension. Focusing on these five thematic contexts, we review the current state of knowledge, summarize presented research abstracts, appraise their significance and limitations, and then discuss relevant future directions in pulmonary hypertension clinical research.
Unpacking the Benefits of Bicultural Competence: Latina/x/o College Students’ Academic and Psychosocial Adjustment
Authors: Carbajal Selena , Zeiders Katharine H. , Landor Antoinette M.
Published: August 2021

Theories posit that bicultural competence, the ability to negotiate between U.S. mainstream culture and one’s own heritage culture, is an important cultural adaptation skill for Latina/x/o populations’ academic and psychosocial outcomes, in part, because of the ability to hold and resolve competing perspectives within and across contexts. However, more research is needed to identify the associations of distinct dimensions of bicultural competence to academic and psychosocial adjustment. The current study examined the concurrent and short-term, longitudinal association between bicultural competence (i.e., comfort, facility, and advantages) and Latina/x/o college students’ ( N = 54; Mage = 19.94 years, SD = 1.43) academic and psychosocial adjustment. Bicultural comfort and facility, but not bicultural advantages, were concurrently associated with better academic and psychosocial adjustment. The findings highlight the need to help Latina/x/o college students feel positive and able about adapting to both cultures to improve their academic and psychosocial adjustment.
Effective anti-BCMA retreatment in multiple myeloma
Authors: Gazeau Nicolas , Beauvais David , Yakoub-Agha Ibrahim , Mitra Suman , Campbell Timothy B. , Facon Thierry , Manier Salomon
Published: August 2021

The recent emergence of anti–B-cell maturation antigen (BCMA) therapies holds great promise in multiple myeloma (MM). These include chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells, bispecific antibodies, and antibody-drug conjugates. Their development in clinical trials and further approval are changing the strategy for treating MM. Considering that a cure has not been reached, a central question in the coming years will be the possibility of using these therapies sequentially. Here, we report 2 cases of the serial use of anti-BCMA therapies with parallel monitoring of BCMA expression and anti-CAR antibodies. We further discuss recent data from clinical studies that have informed us about the different mechanisms of resistance to anti-BCMA therapies, including antigen escape, BCMA shedding, anti-drug antibodies, T-cell exhaustion, and the emergence of an immunosuppressive microenvironment. This knowledge will be essential to help guide the strategy of serial treatments with anti-BCMA therapies.
Identification of the transcription factor MAZ as a regulator of erythropoiesis
Authors: Deen Darya , Butter Falk , Daniels Deborah E. , Ferrer-Vicens Ivan , Ferguson Daniel C. J. , Holland Michelle L. , Samara Vasiliki , Sloane-Stanley Jacqueline A. , Ayyub Helena , Mann Matthias , Frayne Jan , Garrick David , Vernimmen Douglas
Published: August 2021

Erythropoiesis requires a combination of ubiquitous and tissue-specific transcription factors (TFs). Here, through DNA affinity purification followed by mass spectrometry, we have identified the widely expressed protein MAZ (Myc-associated zinc finger) as a TF that binds to the promoter of the erythroid-specific human α-globin gene. Genome-wide mapping in primary human erythroid cells revealed that MAZ also occupies active promoters as well as GATA1-bound enhancer elements of key erythroid genes. Consistent with an important role during erythropoiesis, knockdown of MAZ reduces α-globin expression in K562 cells and impairs differentiation in primary human erythroid cells. Genetic variants in the MAZ locus are associated with changes in clinically important human erythroid traits. Taken together, these findings reveal the zinc-finger TF MAZ to be a previously unrecognized regulator of the erythroid differentiation program.