bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Antifungal abilities of Serratia plymuthica UBCF_13 produced in different types of media and culture time
Authors: Darmawan F , Fatiah R , Jamsari J
Published: May 2021

Serratia plymuthicastrain UBCF_13 is a potential biocontrol agent to inhibit pathogen causing anthracnose disease in plants,Colletotrichum gloesporioedes. The production of bacterial antifungal compounds is affected by nutrition and the growth phase of bacteria. This study is aimed to determine the optimal medium and duration of culture for the production of antifungal compounds. This study used three types of liquid media culture for UBCF_13 [King’s B, Potato Dextrose, andtryptic Soy] and six variations in duration culture [8, 16, 24, 32, 40, and 48 hours]. Extracellular that has been produced was used for antifungal activity assay againstC. gloeosporioides. The results showed that the extracellular produced in the PDB with 48 hours culture duration could inhibit 18%.C. gloeosporioidesgrowth. Different nutritional compositions for UBCF_13 cultures show affect the metabolism and compound produced as well. This was indicated by differences in protein profiles of the intracellular and extracellular. Further studies are necessary to be carried out, particularly to see the mechanism of the nutrient medium that could affect the metabolism of UBCF_13 in the synthesis of antifungal compounds.
The Culture Medium Optimization of Serratia plymuthica UBCF_13 To Produce Antifungal Compounds
Authors: Apridiana I , Aisyah S N , Oktavioni M , Fatiah R , Hourssari J
Published: May 2021

Bacteria can produce secondary metabolites compounds that act as antifungal agents. But in natural conditions, the production of secondary metabolites is low and requires certain growth conditions. One of the methods to increase secondary metabolites production is the modification of the culture medium. In this study, four environmental factors combination was used to optimize the optimal culture medium for S. plymuthica UBCF_13 to produce antifungal compounds. The environmental factors were pH 8, 2 % peptone, 1 mM MnSO4, and 8 hours culture duration. In inhibitory activity test to C. gloeosporioides fungi, cell-free supernatant and cell culture of S. plymuthica UBCF_13 were applied. The results showed that the highest inhibitory activity of cell-free supernatant application (17.80%) was obtained from a medium that adjusted with pH 8, 1 mM MnSO4, and 8 hours duration. While the highest inhibitory activity of cell culture application (44.53%) was obtained from the medium with a combination of pH 8, 2% peptone, 1 mM MnSO4, and 8 hours culture duration. In the SDS-PAGE visualization, 4 protein bands appeared which were thought to be closely related to the inhibitory activity of antifungal compounds of S. plymuthica UBCF_13. The optimum medium was found to be a medium with a combination of pH 8, 2% peptone, 1mM MnSO4, and 8 hours of culture duration.
Synovial membrane mesenchymal stem cell [SM-MSC] induced IGF-1 promote growth factor release in conditioned medium SM-MSC
Authors: Marlina M , Rahmadian R , Sudji I R , Handayana V , Safitri M , Elida N , Widowati W
Published: May 2021

In the process of in vitro culture, mesenchymal stem cells [MSC] release some secretions, resulting in a variety of growth factors and cytokines in the growth medium of MSCs. These media are called conditioned media [CM] and are currently considered to be a better alternative to stem cell therapy. To increase the potential of CM-MSCs in regenerative therapy, in this study we induced the SM-MSCs with IGF-1 to promotes growth factors and cytokine release in CM-SMMSCs. After SM-MSCs were treated with IGF-1, the CM was collected and BMP-1, FGF-18, and TGF-β1 were analyzed using ELISA method. Based on the results, the most significant increases in BMP-2, FGF18, and TGF-β1 protein concentrations were found in SM-MSCs-CM cultured with 150 ug / mL of IGF-1. Therefore, 150 μg / ml of IGF-1 is a potential concentration used for induced growth factors released in CM-SMMSCs.
Analysis of the implementation of Indonesian Sustainable Palm Oil-ISPO Certification at farmer level in West Pasaman Regency
Authors: Hasnah H , Hariance R , Hendri M
Published: May 2021

As consumer demand for sustainable palm oil increases, the Indonesian government responds by issuing the Indonesian Sustainable Palm Oil [ISPO] Guidelines, which since 2015 have become Indonesia’s Sustainable Palm Oil Certification System. Currently, only 33% of the total oil palm area obtain ISPO certificates predominantly from private companies. As most oil palm plantations are smallholders owned, they must be prepared to meet this certification to enable Indonesia’s palm oil industry to maintain its market share in the world market. However, ISPO certification has not been known at the farmer level widely. This research aims to analyze the effect of farmers’ knowledge on the application of ISPO principles. The study employed a survey method involving 57 oil palm farmers. Primary data were collected using questionnaires and analyzed with the structural equation modeling method [SEM]. The results reveal that farmer knowledge on benefit and risk variables is in the moderate category, while farmers’ perception of ISPO simplicity is low. In applying ISPO principles, farmers have a high score on land legality and farm management, while environmental management and sustainable business are low. The estimation results obtained that farmers’ level of knowledge does not affect the application level of ISPO principles.
Build a strong agribusiness institution through collective action
Authors: Hariance R , Noer M , Ridwan E , Hasnah H
Published: May 2021

Agribusiness developments are facing challenges in managing limited natural resources. This requires coordination, synchronization, and cooperation through partnerships or collective action. There have been many partnership efforts in a few agribusiness sectors, however, there is no sign of sustainable partnership. Partnerships often fail due to internal factors from both of the partners. On the other hand, there is also a successful partnership, which is called a cooperative. In several countries, cooperatives have been implemented with great success, which also has contributed to a high Gross National Product value for the country. In Indonesia, the success of cooperatives in the agricultural sector was demonstrated by the success of cooperatives in bringing Indonesia to achieve self-sufficiency in rice in 1984. The relationship between farmers and cooperatives at that time was very strong, but the results of previous research indicated that changes in regulations after the reform period weakened the role of cooperatives in maintaining food stability. The question is “what causes it?” This study tries to conduct a literature review of cooperatives that have succeeded and developed well by using the Systematic Literature Review [SLR] methods. The results show that since the first movement in Indonesia cooperatives is always under government intervention. The lesson to be learned from the success of several countries in building cooperatives is the importance of movements that come from below with collective individuals awareness. Therefore, to build a strong agribusiness institution, it is necessary to re-develop the cooperative management into an integrated agribusiness cooperative based on collective action.
Adaptive phyconomy for sustainable management of coastal ecoscapes in Indonesia
Authors: Neish Iain C.
Published: May 2021

Adaptive phyconomy supports holistic, sustainable marine ecoscape development as a component of integrated coastal area management (ICAM). Phyconomy is the branch of applied phycology that comprises systems of art, science and technology applied to production systems that yield crops of algae. Through the macroalgae known as “seaweeds”, farmers turn seawater, sunshine, and effort into money. Adaptive marine phyconomy of tropical red seaweeds is an outstanding example of large-scale crop production that developed primarily from simple methods refined by farmers in the sea, but as of 2020 it is, still much more art than science. Phyconomy, ecoscape issues and market issues are intertwined in a way that demands holistic planning and management. Every phyconomy action is influenced not only by energy and materials issues, but also by issues among value chain stakeholder alliances. Ocean farming functions take place under conditions where environmental and socio-economic conditions are often uncertain, therefore adaptive approaches must be applied in a way that is resilient and sustainable. The present paper discusses how adaptive phyconomy art and science is being developed as a fundamental component of integrated coastal area management for sustainable marine ecoscape development in Indonesia.
A numerical model for pollutant distribution on a closed lagoon with inlet and outlet
Authors: Zaitun  , A G Mahie , Khaeruddin
Published: May 2021

This research obtains a model of the distribution of pollutants in a closed lagoon with inlet and outlet. The model is made and solved by the DuFort-Frankel scheme. This research produces a flow equation or stream function model on the closed lagoon, stated in the 2-D Laplace equation and pollutant distribution model using a 2-D advection-diffusion equation. The DuFort-Frankel numerical modeling was carried out in two different cases of pollutants injection, namely instantaneous and continuous injection on the closed lagoon, resulted that pollutants spreading in all directions and tend to flow toward the outlet of the lagoon. The Lax-Richtmyer equivalency theorem carries out the convergence analysis of the DuFort-Frankel scheme.
The effect probiotics from the types of nuts in feeding to the for bacterial populations, enzyme activity and feed FCR for milkfish (Chanos chanos)
Authors: Wahyudi  , Aslamyah Siti , Zainuddin  , Surianti
Published: May 2021

Nuts contain oligosaccharides which can function as prebiotics. Prebiotics are fibers that the body cannot digest and become food for probiotics. This study aimed to analyze the bacterial population, enzyme activity and feed conversion ratio of milkfish after being given various prebiotics from legumes in the feed. Milkfish measuring 4.13 ± 2.75 g are reared in a glass aquarium measuring 50 × 45 × 45 cm filled with water with a salinity of 15-20 ppt. Fish are maintained at a density of 15 individuals/aquarium for 60 days and are fed 5% body weight/day. The study was designed in a completely randomized design with 5 prebiotic treatments of soybeans, peanuts, green beans, kidney beans, and control. The results showed that the treatment had a significant effect (p <0.05) on the bacterial population, as well as the protease and amylase enzyme activity, but not on FCR. The highest bacterial population was red bean prebiotics (2,082 × 103 CFU/mL), followed by green beans (2,001 × 103 CFU/mL), soybeans (972 × 103 CFU/mL). The highest activity (0.243 u/mL) and amylase enzyme (0.745 u/mL) was the prebiotic kidney beans, followed by soybeans (0.236 u/mL) amylase enzyme (0.506 u/mL), peanuts, protease enzymes (0.129 u/mL) amylase enzyme (0.554 u/mL) and green bean protease enzyme (0.156 u/mL) amylase enzyme (0.543 u/mL). Meanwhile, the FCR ranges from 1.43 ±.0.85 to 2.87 ±.1.70. It can be concluded that the best type of prebiotic is red beans.
Digestibility of fermented copra meal for fish as plant protein source in the Saline tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) Seeds
Authors: Harlina Harlina , Hamdillah Andi , Kamaruddin Kamaruddin , Aslamyah Siti
Published: May 2021

Copra meal is an alternative protein source as fish meal in fish feed because the nutritional value is almost the same. However, copra meal has a relatively high crude fiber content, so efforts are needed to reduce crude fiber content through the fermentation process using the microbeRizopussp. which produces cellulase enzymes. This study aims to determine the digestibility level of fermented copra meal in feed as a source of vegetable protein in the maintenance of saline tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) seeds. The research were conducted with the addition of fermented, dried and powdered copra meal to the feed with a concentration of: (A) 0%; (B) 15%; (C) 30% and (D) 45%. The fish were given test feed on a daily basis with a feeding frequency of once per day. The results showed that giving 15% of the fermented copra meal as plant protein source in the feed gave a better total feed digestibility compared to the addition of unfermented copra meal.
Analysis of small pelagic fishing grounds using a generalized additive model in the Makassar Strait
Authors: Putri Rini Sahni , Bibin Muhammad , Surianti  , Hasrianti  , Damis  , Putri Andi Rani Sahni , Wulandari Ully , Wardani Mentari Puspa
Published: May 2021

Spatial and temporal studies on the distribution of small pelagic fish by applying oceanographic parameters are essential for fisheries management. An understanding of the spatial characteristics of small pelagic fish distributions is important to optimize the sustainability of marine resource utilization. This study examined the characteristics of small pelagic fish fishing grounds through the analysis of oceanographic parameters using remote sensing satellite data and generalized additive model. Remote sensing satellite data (SST and chlorophyll-α) covering the area of Makassar Strait were obtained from NASA databases, with a spatial resolution of 4 km and monthly temporal resolution. Data on the geographical location and catch volume of small pelagic fish were obtained from a fisheries survey in the Makassar Strait. Remote sensing satellite data and fisheries survey data were plotted graphically to determine the environmental conditions at the sites where the small pelagic fish were caught. Catch volume and catch positions were mapped to show fish distribution. The results show that the highest point was around Barru waters with a catch of 30.70kg - 36.75kg. Small pelagic fish were caught in the SST range between 29.82° C - 31.32°C and mostly caught in chlorophyll-a between 0.34 mg/m3 - 0.62 mg/m3.
Seaweed Eucheuma spinosum J. Agardh 1847, is it a bioaccumulator?
Authors: Tuwo A , Yasir I , Zainuddin  , Syafiuddin  , Tresnati J , Aprianto R
Published: May 2021

Eucheuma spinosum is a species of seaweed widely cultivated in Indonesia. This seaweed contains high carrageenan, ranging between 65-67 percent. Carrageenan plays a very important role as a stabilizer, thickener, gel maker, emulsifier and others. This property is widely used in the food industry, medicine, cosmetics, textiles, paints, toothpaste and other industries. This very important benefit requires that E. spinosum must be safe from harmful metal content. This study aims to analyze whether E. spinosum is a bioaccumulator of harmful metals. This research was conducted in three sea areas around South Sulawesi, namely the Gulf of Bone, the Flores Sea and the Makassar Strait. Seaweed samples were taken from seaweed cultivation locations in these three areas. The metal concentrations analyzed were Copper (Cu), Cadmium (Cd), and Lead (Pb). This study indicated that E. spinosum was a bioaccumulator because at each sampling location the concentrations of Cu, Cd, and Pb at E. spinosum were generally greater than those in ambient seawater. E. spinosum was non permanent or non consistent bioaccumulator because the concentrations of Cu, Cd, and Pb in E. spinosum tissue are not directly proportional to the concentrations of Cu, Cd, and Pb in seawater.
Mapping seasonal marine debris patterns and potential hotspots in Banten Bay, Indonesia
Authors: Rahmania R , Setiawan A , Tussadiah A , Kusumaningrum P D , Yulius  , Prihantono J , Gautama B G , Pranowo W S , Aisyah  , Nugraha A W , Gusmawati N F , Widjanarko E , Arifin T
Published: May 2021

Banten Bay is a 150 km2 sea area which includes the waterfront of Serang City in Banten Province, Indonesia with several large rivers flowing into the Bay. The rapid development of industrial and commerce surrounds this bay added with population growth in Serang City have caused environmental problems. For instance, there has been a surge in the volume of domestic and industrial waste that has been dumped along several rivers and finally leaked into Banten Bay. This study aimed to spatially visualize the existing waste flow from residential area to the location of landfills in order to assist the local government in evaluating their waste management system, and to help prevent the waste leaking into Banten Bay and even further beyond. By using hydrodynamic modelling and ground truthing, we can predict the potential waste hotspots and the seasonal patterns of marine debris around Banten Bay and its surroundings. The results show that plastic litter originating from the Cibanten River will drift to the west during the east monsoon and will move to the east during the west monsoon. Based on this evidence, plastic litter from the Cibanten River estuary has the potential to spread further towards the Sunda Strait during the east monsoon and into Jakarta Bay during the west monsoon. We encourage cooperation among local governments in Banten and West Java throughout the watershed as well as with the Jakarta Provincial Government to establish an integrated waste management system to prevent the waste leakage.
Benefit sharing from whale shark tourism in Botubarani, Gorontalo and Labuhan Jambu, Teluk Saleh
Authors: Djunaidi A , Jompa J , Nadiarti N , Bahar A , Tilahunga S D
Published: May 2021

Whale shark tourism is a growing industry in the world. This study aimed to determine the benefits local people earn from whale shark tourism at two sites in Indonesia, Botubarani in Gorontalo Province and Labuhan Jambu, Teluk Saleh, Nusa Tenggara Barat Province. This study involved dive centres, fishermen, community tourism groups, village enterprises (BUMDES), home stay owners, car rental companies, boat owners, lift net owners, snorkelling equipment rental businesses and ecotourism operators. In Botubarani, dive centres sold whale shark watching dive trips for US$42.3/pax, and snorkelling trips for US$23/pax, of which, US$4.6 and US$2.7 went to the Pokdarwis, and US$33.5 to the dive centre. For nondivers, trips cost US$11.5, of which US$1.5 was for whale shark bait, US$1.5 went to the Pokdarwis, and US$4.6 to fishermen. Whale shark watchers in Labuhan Jambu paid US$211.5-US$270 to ecotourism operators plus US$7.7/pax to the BUMDES. From that money, US$119 was paid to lift net owners, US$42 to boat operators, and US$19.2-US$76.9 to ecotourism operators. On average, car rental companies received US$46.1, home stays received US$7.6, and US$11.5 was paid for rental equipment.
Appraisal of Green Construction Material by Optimizing the Strength of Tannery Sludge Concrete
Authors: Dharmaraj R , Gopikumar S , Darnay P Ebby , Uma S , Sundararajan S , Muthuraman U , Maruvarasan S
Published: May 2021

Tanning industries are emerging as economic contributor for developing countries with fifth position and largest among processing work in India. Due to the large production (144 million tons per year) and wastage (1.3 million tons per year) of leather products, it is mandatory to utilize the wastes generated in a proper way. In this work it is considered to use the tannery sludge as admixture and as replacement material of coarse aggregate to reasonable increase in composition for potential application in modern construction industry.
Investigation on Properties of Concrete by adding Metakaolin and Kenaf Fibres
Authors: Kavitha R , Sundarraja M C , Dhivya S , Chanthira N , Vinodhini C , Logeswaran S
Published: May 2021

Ordinary Portland cement manufacturing can be affected to over 5 per cent of global CO2 emissions a demand for cement continues to rise. The architecture sector led planners and architects to look for alternate cemented materials for potential use in concrete buildings. Such natural admixtures like metakaolin and kenaf fibres can be used to alter pozzolanic behaviour and mechanical properties in concrete. The chemicals used by the SCM in construction to replace cement such as metakaolin not only minimize carbon dioxide emissions, but also greatly increase workability and longevity. The metakaolin is replaced with cement in 5%,10%,15% and 20% by its weight. The Kenaf fibre is added in concrete about 0.5% and 1% by the volume fraction of cement.
An Exploratory Examination of Concrete from Ecological Impacts Using GFRP Laminates
Authors: Meenakshi B S , Jayabharathi S , Kanmani S , Sakthivel S , Deepa N , Vinothini P , Elakkiya S , Saravanaraja R
Published: May 2021

Portland cement is widely used as the construction material globally because of its phenomenal durability. But concrete gets deteriorated due to material limitations, construction methods, design and severe exposure conditions. This deterioration may lead to aesthetic functional or structural issues. There are varied reasons for the deterioration of concrete and its damage is very often the result of combination of factors. Structural and non-structural reasons cause concrete to fail and hence the deterioration of building take place. There are several methods to get it refurbished we combine the results with laminates and without laminates in this paper. For this purpose, concrete prisms were casted which are strengthened outwardly with the aid of FRP laminates using epoxy resin and hardener. The consequence of this on ultimate load carrying capacity, flexural and compressive strength is tested and the laminated concrete gives more strengthen damaged concrete as a result. It can be successfully used to repair and retrofit concrete structures.
Surface Water Pollution Study for Chinnandipalayam Lake, Tirupur and Remedial Measure by Wastewater Treatment
Authors: Manikandan P , Rajkumar K , Indhiradevi P , Dhivya S , Aravindraj R
Published: May 2021

The dyeing industry is widely recognized as the main source of water contamination. These industries dispose of wastewater in the water bodies along with the solid waste. The physicochemical characteristic of an aquatic body gets affected and estimation of these parameters provides information on water quality and pollution status. Physicochemical parameters like pH, turbidity, chlorides, hardness, total solids, dissolved solids, BOD, COD and sulphates of the surface water samples obtained at different locations near to the Chinnandipalayam Lake, Tirupur were studied to find the influence of the dyeing waste. The water samples collected were treated using natural coagulant and the removal efficiency was studied. The initial pH, Turbidity, COD of the most contaminated sample are 7.95. 21.1 NTU, 666 mg/l respectively. Natural coagulants T.foenum-graecum (Fenugreek), Cicer arietinum (Chickpea), Azadirachta indica (Neem), Moringa Oleifera (Drumstick) and Dolichos lablab (Beans) and also chemical coagulant alum were used in this study and the efficiency of reduction of turbidity using these natural coagulants are 79.6%, 80.1%, 76.8%, 80.6% and 73.0% respectively and of using alum is 95.3%. When using natural coagulant at varying levels, total solids in the sample decreased considerably. At the same time pH and conductivity are not greatly. Moringa Oleifera’s output is greater than that of other four; this depends on the protein content in the natural coagulant. but chemical coagulant has treatment efficiency of 95.3%. Even though alum has more efficiency, natural coagulant is eco-friendly and do not affect the environment after disposing the sludge and also the lake water is being used for the agricultural purpose 80% treatment efficiency can be adopted.
Axial compressive behaviour of Concrete Filled Steel Tubular Column
Authors: Vivek D , Sridhar J , Elango K S , Saravanakumar R , Rajesh Kumar V , Venkat Raman S , Anbarasu R
Published: May 2021

In current duration growing atmospheric high temperature and discharge of pollutants leads to environmental destruction became major issues in previous couple of decades. This study deals with the partial replacement of fine aggregate with steel slag in concrete filled steel tubular column to check the axial behaviour of column. Review from previous research found that fine aggregate replaced in concrete will reduce the effect of global warming and other environmental hazards.
Properties of Concrete Containing Waste Plastic Aggregate
Authors: Elango K S , Harihanandh M , Rajeshkumar V , Venkatraman S , Prabhu L , Munusamy M
Published: May 2021

In our modern life style environment, the usage of plastic materials is increased day by day. Production of plastics globally would result in generating plastic-based waste. In recent times, many researches have been carried out to utilize the waste plastic waste materials in the concrete mix to make eco-friendly. The present study investigates the properties of concrete when replacing natural coarse aggregates (NCA) by bio non-degradable plastic aggregate up to 30%. Furthermore, fine plastic powder has been used in fine aggregate (FA) as partial replacement. Mechanical properties such as compression test, tensile strength test and flexural strength test have been carried out and the experimental results are discussed in detail. When the plastic aggregate percentage replacement increases, strength has been decreased because of poor bonding observed between the plastic aggregate and concrete reduces the strength properties.
Microwave heating of food materials: Role of susceptor
Authors: Punathil Lineesh , Surendran G
Published: May 2021

Microwave heating technique has been used to cook and process food materials due to faster heating. In this work, the effect of susceptors (secondary materials) while microwave heating of two different food materials is theoretically examined. The heating of food materials and susceptors due to the microwave power absorption has been simulated for two different food materials (beef and bread) enclosed in susceptors. Alumina and SiC are the two different susceptors considered for the study. The alumina susceptor is found to elevate the heating rate of materials with high dielectric properties (beef). While, SiC susceptor suppresses the heating rate both the materials with high and low dielectric properties (beef and bread). However, uniformity in heating of materials with low dielectric properties is increased by using SiC susceptor. The effect of susceptor thickness on average power absorption has been analyzed and maximum amount of average power is absorbed for specific sample dimensions (lies in resonating regime).
Renewable Energy Resources: Case Studies
Authors: Devarajan Balaji , Bhuvaneswari V , Priya A K , Nambirajan G , Joenas J , Nishanth P , Rajeshkumar L , Kathiresan G , Amarnath V
Published: May 2021

The energy need is the only demand which wouldn’t have seen negative trend since the origin of this universe. Its requirement keeps demanding the usage of energy, during this urge people around globe working with many energy production techniques. Amongst most of them act as a resource including fossil fuel, coal and others are polluting vicinity to larger extend. The other alternative is renewable energy resources (RERs) which quite natural gift to the mankind owing to its vicinity aiding resource. The energy harvesting by utilising these RERs also have limitation that, can’t provide huge in quantity due to many reasons including seasonal, inadequate equipment, larger storage so on and so forth. The focus herein is that, by considering its limitations to which extend it can be utilised. It is obvious that production industries require enormous quantity of power, therein it may not be utilised as such. So, the house as well as small industries whose power requirement is minimum thereby this RERs can be effectively utilised. That is considered as a primary factor for consolidating of this survey in the form of various test cases.
Friction Stir Welding of dissimilar Materials (AA2024 & AA6063) and Investigation of Mechanical Properties
Authors: Kannan T , Arulmurugan B , Kathiresan G , Amarnath V , Akilesh G , Arhath S , Dhanajjayan R
Published: May 2021

Frictional heating system and permanent distortion under melting heat is a technique behind Friction stir welding (FSW) of the materials. Compared to arc welding, Friction stir welding has higher strength, good fatigue life, and lower distortion, less residual stress, low corrosion and non-defect. The main aim of the investigation is to examine the influence of mechanical characteristics of dissimilar aluminium alloys (AA2024 & AA6063aluminium alloy) in joining parameters. Properties like hardness and tensile testing helps us to investigate the mechanical performance of the dissimilar aluminium alloys welded through different welding speed, tool rotation speed and the applied axial load.
Experimental Analysis on the Inactive region of Evacuated tube Solar Collector using Twisted Tapes
Authors: Senthil Kumar C , Manoj Kumar P , Karthik S , Anandaraj S , Harikrishna D , Kumar Eswarlal Vimal
Published: May 2021

The evacuated tube type solar collector is used predominantly for water heating application in both residential and industrial scales. They found superior in thermal efficiency compared to other kind of solar collectors. All-glass evacuated solar collector is the simplest form of evacuated collector which found its major applications as passive flow solar water heaters for residential and industrial purposes. However, they have been affected with an inherent issue which is due to the inactive region formed at the bottom of the tubes. This paper addresses this issue with the help of twisted tubes, made-up of aluminum. The experimental results proved that the existence of twisted tapes accelerated the heat transfer within the inactive region and helped to maintain the uniform temperature inside the tube. The results proved that the water temperature at the inactive region was augmented up to 73°C with the help of twisted tapes, which was 31°C more than tubes without twisted tapes. Also, the twisted tapes enhanced the average temperature of tube water by the maximum of 10°C.
Modelling and Simulation of Thermo-Physical Property of Composite Material
Authors: Ganesan Krishnamoorthi , Lakshmipathy  , Jegan  , Kailash  , Kaliselvan
Published: May 2021

Thermo-physical property measurement is a significant methodology as these properties are the input for designing thermal systems. Properties of materials like thermal conductivity, thermal diffusivity and specific heat capacity has to be estimated in prior to estimate the thermal performance of any material. In the present work, numerical simulations were performed to estimate the thermo-physical properties of a polymer based composite material using porous medium modelling. The weight fraction of the composites and fibres are incorporated into the simulations through porosity. The transient heat diffusion equation are solved using ANSYS Fluent for a polymer based composite material using semi-infinite transient conduction approach. The thermal conductivity and thermal diffusivity are estimated simultaneously for various volume fractions of polyester and banana fibre. The temporal temperature distribution data predicted from ANSYS Fluent is curve fitted using MATLAB and the obtained values of thermal conductivity and thermal diffusivity are compared with the previously reported experimental results and are found to be within a deviation of 7 % for all cases.
Investigate the Tribological Properties of AISI 4140 Alloy Steel Under Various Loads and Sliding Speed
Authors: Rooprai Ranbir Singh , Singh Harvinder , Singla Yogesh Kumar
Published: May 2021

Friction and wear are the main reason for energy losses in the mechanical systems. AISI 4140 is commonly use as gear material and other important applications. In this study experiments were conducted to predict the effect of the sliding speed and load on the frictional and wear behavior of AISI 4140 steel under the HP ZFL 80W-90 using a pin on disc tribometer. The tests were carried out under different loads (40,60,80) N and (0.5,1,1.5) m/s sliding speeds for constant distance of 500m. The tribological characteristic of the material was observed at different sliding speed. Based on the results, the wear mechanism of the AISI 4140 under HP ZFL 80W-90 lubricant was predicted. Results depicted that at low sliding speed the COF coefficient of friction decreases with increase in load. At moderate sliding speed also same trend was observed, whereas at higher sliding speed the COF increases with the increase of load.
Earthen blocks with Synthetic Fibres – A Review
Authors: Jesudass A , Gayathri  , Harish K , Sree Ram S , Mohammed Riyas S
Published: May 2021

In recent times, sustainability in daily routine aspects is gaining momentum, which increases use of earthen material as a building material and it plays a vital role in the construction of any buildings, when it is enhanced with the fibres(PET, polythene, polypropylene etc.). This study presents the comprehensive review of earthen blocks reinforced with the synthetic fibres like (polypropylene, polyester, polyethylene, glass fibres, steel fibres, nylon fibres, polyvinyl alcohol) and discussed about the physical and mechanical properties of the earthen blocks reinforced with these fibres. The literature search was performed with the google scholar and web of science search engines. Polypropylene fibre, PET fibres, Polyethylene fibres have good strength when it is reinforced with earthen blocks. The soil and the fibres are stabilized with cement and chemicals respectively to makeearthen blocks. The treatment of fibre before adding as a reinforcing agent and some tests are missing in many studies. Future studies can be conducted on the effect of fibre treatment and the performance of the synthetic fibre reinforced earthen block.
Detection of partially occluded objects – A comparative analysis based on Haar Classifier and K-Means Clustering
Authors: Karmakar Aparajita , Aju D
Published: May 2021

This paper addresses the problem of detecting partially occluded objects from 2D images. The detection of partially occluded objects is performed and compared using feature-based training and color-based object segmentation. The occluded objects are very difficult to be detected based only on their features since, all the essential features may not be visible to the learned model due to occlusion. Haar cascade classifier has been utilised for feature-based training and the k-means clustering is utilized for color-based tracking. Various input images are provided Haar classifier as well as the K-means clustering to detect the objects in the 2D images and the subsequent results are compared and analysed. For segmenting the 2D objects using k-means clustering, the average recall and average precision varies from 0.70 to 0.98. The variation is based upon the veracity of the occluded objects. The average precision rate for detecting the occluded 2D objects through the developed method is between 0.24 and 0.60. And it is noted that the average recall for the respective detection lies between 0.25 and 0.70.
A review on passive cooling techniques for lithium-ion battery thermal management system of electric vehicle
Authors: Mallick S S , Neog S , Mahanta D K , Rafi M
Published: May 2021

Li ion batteries have gained popularity in electric vehicle application in past few years because of its high energy density and long-life cycle. The high energy density Li ion batteries are also generating a large amount of heat which needs to be dissipated for the stability, longevity of the battery and safety of vehicle. Thus, a battery thermal management system (BTMS) is very much essential for the battery system. The objective of BTMS is to maintain the cell temperature and thus improve life cycle of battery system. It has been reported that the battery pack has better thermal stability and lifetime when operated at a temperature range of 15 to 35 °C and maximum cell temperature difference of 5 °C. Among battery cooling techniques, passive approaches are considered as less complex and less expensive. In this context, a review on passive cooling methods for BTMS has been discussed in this paper. Subsequently, a summary of characteristic parameter for an efficient passive BTMS has been provided.
Smart Chair System for Maintaining Health using Internet of Things
Authors: Suganya R , Priyadharshini A , Saran V M , Shruthi S
Published: May 2021

Sitting is the most common behavior of the human in day today life. Also discovered that the ill-advised positions will prompt torments and also other ongoing intricacies for the individuals. To keep away from these impacts of helpless sitting stances, we had built up an exceptionally functional plan of a shrewd seat framework in our paper, that will actually want to screen the behavior of sitting stances of the human body precisely just as non-intrusively. A pressing factor examples of the normalized sitting places of human were gained and sent to the PC for the programmed sitting position acknowledgment with the utilization of the inserted framework. The exploratory outcomes additionally shown that it can perceive the places to sit for the human subjects with the highest exactness. The positions observing in a created savvy seat framework can help and elevate individuals to accomplish and keep up solid sitting stances, and furthermore forestall or decrease the constant illnesses brought about by helpless sitting stances. These promising outcomes recommended that the current framework is doable for sitting stances checking, which can discover applications in numerous regions including medical care administrations, human-PC communications and furthermore canny climate.
Usage of Fibre Content in Hemp as a Material in Building Construction
Authors: Saravanakumar P , John Bisher E , Aravinndh R A , Sanjay Kumar K
Published: May 2021

Hemp Crete may be a natural occurring substance full-grown in cannabis that is plant and has additional fibre content. The fibre in these plants will be extracted in numerous ways in which. Once extraction, this will be used as replacement product for cement. Ordinarily once hemp Crete is compared to cement, cement emits carbons that cause the absorption of warmth, and unhappy syndrome. However, the fibres gift within the hemp won’t permit heat to enter into the building or the structure. By mistreatment hemp we will scale back the pores within the structure which might scale back the water or air into the structure. By restarting the availability of air into the structure we will scale back the thermal physical phenomenon. Hemp Crete is stronger than concrete and has additional elastic property comparison natural artefact. Compressive strength is around 1mpa. hemp Crete will be lighter than concrete thus it can’t be utilized in structure and foundation in accordance with native building codes and engineer directions. as there’s appalling rise in world temperature the requirement for carbon negative technology place utter most vital and urgency hemp Crete may be a composite of hemp knife and lime based mostly binder. in this paper we tend to area unit reaching to see however hemp (cannabis) will be used for industrial purpose.
Design and Analysis of Chips Block Making Machine
Authors: Kishore B , Parthiban A , Rahul R , Mukesh Kumar S , Rathish R , Aravindkumar N
Published: May 2021

Machinery in industries is used to change the size and shape of the raw material to obtain the required work piece. During this process, metal chips of different types and size are obtained. These metal chips are collected manually and are transported to local scrap yards, where recycling processes takes place. During transportation, most of these metal chips are lost or not recycled due to its size. Chips Block Making Machine can convert the collection of loose metal chips to a whole block. These blocks can be transported to scrap yards more efficiently. This process is carried out by using the principle of Thermal compression. Flow simulation in Solid Works is used as a tool to analyse the exposed environmental temperature from inner body of the machine. As a result, the efficiency of transporting these metal chips is increased and recycling process can be done more comfortably.
A Study on the Water Quality Assessment of Bhavani River in Tamil Nadu
Authors: Ramakrishnan S , Anusha G , Kirupasankar K , Venkatesh C , Pradeep S
Published: May 2021

In many parts of India, rivers and streams are the major source of water for household and irrigation purposes. Due to increased human population and industrialization, the water gets highly polluted as the sewage and household wastes, agricultural wastes, and other wastes from factories are directly discharged into the river. Pollution of river water can have harmful effects on living beings and makes water unsuitable for various needs. Thus, it is required to check the quality of water at well-ordered time intervals as the physical, chemical and biological parameters of the water will be changed. In this study, six samples from both Upper Bhavani River in Coimbatore district and Lower Bhavani River in Erode district were collected at various locations and examined for water quality parameters to know its suitability for various needs. Water samples collected were examined for water quality parameters such as electrical conductivity, alkalinity, dissolved oxygen, sulphate, chloride, hardness, turbidity and Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD). Based on the water quality analysis results, Water Quality Index was formulated. The overall quality of water was assessed using the WQI values and necessary solutions are suggested to improve the quality of water.
The Class of n-Skew n-Binormal Operator
Authors: Meenambika K , Seshaiah C V , Sivamani N , Indhumathy D
Published: May 2021

In this article, the concepts and ideas used in skew binormal operator are extended to [nsnBN] operator acting on a Hilbert space H. Some results are proved based on self-adjoint and [nsnBN operator. A result is established that [nsnBN] operator and n-isometry operator are independent classes.
Turkey Berries Leaves Extract as Corrosion Inhibitor Embedded Steel in Concrete
Authors: Dharmaraj R , Raga Samuyktha S A , Thansiya K , Syed Manzoor S , Naveen Kumar B , Maruvarasan S
Published: May 2021

Different approaches such as surface preparation and cathodic protective procedures traditionally used have been used for corrosion reduction. Corrosion inhibitors have proved to be the most cost-effective and simple method for protecting and corrosion protection of the concrete embedded steel. The inhibitors reduce the rate of corrosion, preventing monetary damages incurred by metallic corrosion on steels. The toxicity of conventional bio-toxic organic compounds is a significant concern. Eco-friendly, non-toxic green inhibitors are the focus of intensive research. This research focuses on acidic solutions to imitate manufacturing processes on methods of corrosion preventive use of turkey-leaves extract-based corrosion inhibitors for steel. The dosage percentage will be raised by 0.5%, 1.0%, 1.5%, 2.0% and 2.5%. The present work provides an overview of corrosion forms, the corrosion mechanism and, in particular, a current application research is turkey leaves extracts as corrosion inhibitors in steel production.
Experimental Study on Properties of Concrete Paver Blocks by Partially Replacing Cement with Granite Powder
Authors: Anusha G , Dharmaraj R , Anandaraj S , Yamini S , Arumairaj P D , Ramakrishnan  , Saravanan M
Published: May 2021

The marble and granite industries have grown tremendously in recent decades. The granite industry in India produces over than 3500 cubic meters of granite powder slag all day as a waste material. Granite tiles producers often create granite particulate matter tones although during production process. The exclusion of granite fines from the polishing industry is a major concern. The polished granite powder is reactive, but not disposable on the floor. Stone waste is commonly a heavily polluting waste due to its high alkaline origin, which poses a health hazard to the environment. Downstream waste affects soil quality due to reduced porosity, water retention, water percolation etc. As it is dumped on land. They cause severe waste and pollution of the atmosphere and need large areas of land for disposal. The granite powder is obtained by the polishing process, and is held at 12% and 88% respectively, by 150 microns. Due to its fineness and size, the granite powder can be used effectively. This study describes the viability of partial cement replacement with granite powder in paver block construction. Furthermore, this study urges engineers, contractors and the government of the better future to consider substitute materials.
Calculation of cooling seasonal power consumption and energy efficiency of household inverter air conditioners in the Vietnamese climatic conditions
Authors: Huy Cung Duc , Dung Trinh Quoc , Dzung Nguyen Viet , Thang Truong Minh
Published: May 2021

The calculations of power consumption and energy efficiency for household air conditioners with inverter technology using bin method in the Vietnamese climatic conditions were shown in the paper. The data of 53 of the air-cooled air conditioners in the Vietnamese market with rated cooling capacity in the range of 9000 BTU/h to 24000 BTU/h were used in this study. Based on the National Standard on the air-cooled air conditioners and heat pumps (i.e., TCVN 10273-1:2013) and National Regulation on climate data for construction (i.e. QCVN 02:2009), the cooling seasonal power consumption and energy efficiency have been calculated for 10 cities/provinces, representatively of different climatic zones in Vietnam. The results show that there are quite large deviations between energy efficiency (CSPF) and annual power consumption (CCSE
) from the national standard TCVN 10273-1:2013, national regulation QCVN 02:2009 and published data of manufactures. The impact of the Vietnamese climatic zones on the power consumption was investigated in the study, also. The paper suggests the necessary of upgrading the national standard and regulation for inverter air conditioners to evaluate exactly their energy efficiency in the Vietnamese climatic conditions.
Review Analysis on Factors Influencing the Design of Bus Station
Authors: Logeswaran S , Indhiradevi P , Charumathy A , Anitha A , Subramaniam Muthu , Karthikeyan S
Published: May 2021

In India, rapid increase in urbanization increases the demand of bus transportation usage with growth rate of 3% every year. This results in development of new routes in city and rural areas. The terminal operations in India are centric in nature for both pedestrians and vehicles. In order to design the efficient transportation system in terminal area the traffic operation should be centralized by implementing the correction factors. The previous research works were reviewed and the solution for developing the model was suggested in this study. The study of previous researches suggested various factors which influences the terminal design. All those factors were considered and the performance of each factor was studied and reframed with corrected values. This study integrated the terminal factors (Element factors + Operational factors + Structural factors + Dwell time factors (both vehicles and pedestrians)) for efficient terminal design and operations. In associated with the above-mentioned factors bus scheduling was included as a factor in this study and suggestion were made for improvements.
Axial Capacity of Encased Composite Column Under Axial Loading
Authors: Saravanakumar R , Gopi R , Elango K S , Vivek D , Kaleeswaran C , Kavinkumar V , Venkatraman S , Vasanth A , Sujithraja M , Revanthkumar K , Vasanthkumar K
Published: May 2021

The Encased composite column is one of the best option in the design of high-rise building where building load is heavy and architect restrict the increase the size of column. Encased column has high resistance to fire load and blast load. Rolled I-section is used in composite column because in built-up section there is more cost in fabrication and the cost of connection between the beam and column is very high. In a country where this technology is developed, it is used in design of important structure. In this paper analytical equation are discussed related to design of Encased composite column under axial loading. Besides comparison between the British Code and IS Code has been carried out that would result in more economical and serviceable structure.