bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Measurement theory in local quantum physics
Authors: Okamura Kazuya , Ozawa Masanao
Published: November 2015

In this paper, we aim to establish foundations of measurement theory in local quantum physics. For this purpose, we discuss a representation theory of completely positive (CP) instruments on arbitrary von Neumann algebras. We introduce a condition called the normal extension property (NEP) and establish a one-to-one correspondence between CP instruments with the NEP and statistical equivalence classes of measuring processes. We show that every CP instrument on an atomic von Neumann algebra has the NEP, extending the well-known result for type I factors. Moreover, we show that every CP instrument on an injective von Neumann algebra is approximated by CP instruments with the NEP. The concept of posterior states is also discussed to show that the NEP is equivalent to the existence of a strongly measurable family of posterior states for every normal state. Two examples of CP instruments without the NEP are obtained from this result. It is thus concluded that in local quantum physics not every CP instrument represents a measuring process, but in most of physically relevant cases every CP instrument can be realized by a measuring process within arbitrary error limits, as every approximately finite dimensional von Neumann algebra on a separable Hilbert space is injective. To conclude the paper, the concept of local measurement in algebraic quantum field theory is examined in our framework. In the setting of the Doplicher-Haag-Roberts and Doplicher-Roberts theory describing local excitations, we show that an instrument on a local algebra can be extended to a local instrument on the global algebra if and only if it is a CP instrument with the NEP, provided that the split property holds for the net of local algebras.
Characterization of a detector chain using a FPGA-based time-to-digital converter to reconstruct the three-dimensional coordinates of single particles at high flux
Authors: Nogrette F. , Heurteau D. , Chang R. , Bouton Q. , Westbrook C. I. , Sellem R. , Clément D.
Published: November 2015

We report on the development of a novel FPGA-based time-to-digital converter and its implementation in a detection chain that records the coordinates of single particles along three dimensions. The detector is composed of micro-channel plates mounted on top of a cross delay line and connected to fast electronics. We demonstrate continuous recording of the timing signals from the cross delay line at rates up to 4.1 × 106 s−1 and three-dimensional reconstruction of the coordinates up to 3.2 × 106 particles per second. From the imaging of a calibrated structure we measure the in-plane resolution of the detector to be 140(20) μm at a flux of 3 × 105 particles per second. In addition, we analyze a method to estimate the resolution without placing any structure under vacuum, a significant practical improvement. While we use UV photons here, the results of this work apply to the detection of other kinds of particles.
Tunable color parallel tandem organic light emitting devices with carbon nanotube and metallic sheet interlayers
Authors: Oliva Jorge , Papadimitratos Alexios , Desirena Haggeo , De la Rosa Elder , Zakhidov Anvar A.
Published: November 2015

Parallel tandem organic light emitting devices (OLEDs) were fabricated with transparent multiwall carbon nanotube sheets (MWCNT) and thin metal films (Al, Ag) as interlayers. In parallel monolithic tandem architecture, the MWCNT (or metallic films) interlayers are an active electrode which injects similar charges into subunits. In the case of parallel tandems with common anode (C.A.) of this study, holes are injected into top and bottom subunits from the common interlayer electrode; whereas in the configuration of common cathode (C.C.), electrons are injected into the top and bottom subunits. Both subunits of the tandem can thus be monolithically connected functionally in an active structure in which each subunit can be electrically addressed separately. Our tandem OLEDs have a polymer as emitter in the bottom subunit and a small molecule emitter in the top subunit. We also compared the performance of the parallel tandem with that of in series and the additional advantages of the parallel architecture over the in-series were: tunable chromaticity, lower voltage operation, and higher brightness. Finally, we demonstrate that processing of the MWCNT sheets as a common anode in parallel tandems is an easy and low cost process, since their integration as electrodes in OLEDs is achieved by simple dry lamination process.
Atomic motion of resonantly vibrating quartz crystal visualized by time-resolved X-ray diffraction
Authors: Aoyagi Shinobu , Osawa Hitoshi , Sugimoto Kunihisa , Fujiwara Akihiko , Takeda Shoichi , Moriyoshi Chikako , Kuroiwa Yoshihiro
Published: November 2015

Transient atomic displacements during a resonant thickness-shear vibration of AT-cut α-quartz are revealed by time-resolved X-ray diffraction under an alternating electric field. The lattice strain resonantly amplified by the alternating electric field is ∼104 times larger than that induced by a static electric field. The resonantly amplified lattice strain is achieved by fast displacements of oxygen anions and collateral resilient deformation of Si−O−Si angles bridging rigid SiO4 tetrahedra, which efficiently transduce electric energy into elastic energy.
A minimal coupled fluid-discrete element model for bedload transport
Authors: Maurin R. , Chauchat J. , Chareyre B. , Frey P.
Published: November 2015

A minimal Lagrangian two-phase model to study turbulent bedload transport focusing on the granular phase is presented and validated with experiments. The model intends to describe bedload transport of massive particles in fully rough flows at relatively low Shields numbers, for which no suspension occurs. A discrete element method for the granular phase is coupled with a one dimensional volume-averaged two-phase momentum equation for the fluid phase. The coupling between the discrete granular phase and the continuous fluid phase is discussed, and a consistent averaging formulation adapted to bedload transport is introduced. An original simple discrete random walk model is proposed to account for the fluid velocity fluctuations. The model is compared with experiments considering both classical sediment transport rate as a function of the Shields number, and depth profiles of solid velocity, volume fraction, and transport rate density, from existing bedload transport experiments in inclined flume. The results successfully reproduce the classical 3/2 power law, and more importantly describe well the depth profiles of the granular phase, showing that the model is able to reproduce the particle scale mechanisms. From a sensitivity analysis, it is shown that the fluctuation model allows to reproduce a realistic critical Shields number, and that the influence of the granular parameters on the macroscopic results is weak. Nevertheless, the analysis of the corresponding depth profiles reveals an evolution of the depth structure of the granular phase with varying restitution and friction coefficients, which denotes the non-trivial underlying physical mechanisms.
Ionic structure in liquids confined by dielectric interfaces
Authors: Jing Yufei , Jadhao Vikram , Zwanikken Jos W. , Olvera de la Cruz Monica
Published: November 2015

The behavior of ions in liquids confined between macromolecules determines the outcome of many nanoscale assembly processes in synthetic and biological materials such as colloidal dispersions, emulsions, hydrogels, DNA, cell membranes, and proteins. Theoretically, the macromolecule-liquid boundary is often modeled as a dielectric interface and an important quantity of interest is the ionic structure in a liquid confined between two such interfaces. The knowledge gleaned from the study of ionic structure in such models can be useful in several industrial applications, such as in the design of double-layer supercapacitors for energy storage and in the extraction of metal ions from wastewater. In this article, we compute the ionic structure in a model system of electrolyte confined by two planar dielectric interfaces using molecular dynamics simulations and liquid state theory. We explore the effects of high electrolyte concentrations, multivalent ions, dielectric contrasts, and external electric field on the ionic distributions. We observe the presence of non-monotonic ionic density profiles leading to a layered structure in the fluid which is attributed to the competition between electrostatic and steric (entropic) interactions. We find that thermal forces that arise from symmetry breaking at the interfaces can have a profound effect on the ionic structure and can oftentimes overwhelm the influence of the dielectric discontinuity. The combined effect of ionic correlations and inhomogeneous dielectric permittivity significantly changes the character of the effective interaction between the two interfaces.
Phase behavior and second osmotic virial coefficient for competitive polymer solvation in mixed solvent solutions
Authors: Dudowicz Jacek , Freed Karl F. , Douglas Jack F.
Published: November 2015

We apply our recently developed generalized Flory-Huggins (FH) type theory for the competitive solvation of polymers by two mixed solvents to explain general trends in the variation of phase boundaries and solvent quality (quantified by the second osmotic virial coefficient B2) with solvent composition. The complexity of the theoretically predicted miscibility patterns for these ternary mixtures arises from the competitive association between the polymer and the solvents and from the interplay of these associative interactions with the weak van der Waals interactions between all components of the mixture. The main focus here lies in determining the influence of the free energy parameters for polymer-solvent association (solvation) and the effective FH interaction parameters {χαβ} (driving phase separation) on the phase boundaries (specifically the spinodals), the second osmotic virial coefficient B2, and the relation between the positions of the spinodal curves and the theta temperatures at which B2 vanishes. Our classification of the predicted miscibility patterns is relevant to numerous applications of ternary polymer solutions in industrial formulations and the use of mixed solvent systems for polymer characterization, such as chromatographic separation where mixed solvents are commonly employed. A favorable comparison of B2 with experimental data for poly(methyl methacrylate)/acetonitrile/methanol (or 1-propanol) solutions only partially supports the validity of our theoretical predictions due to the lack of enough experimental data and the neglect of the self and mutual association of the solvents.
Unchanged direction motion in general relativity: The problems of prescribing acceleration and the extensibility of trajectories
Authors: de la Fuente Daniel , Romero Alfonso , Torres Pedro J.
Published: November 2015

The notion of unchanged direction (UD) motion in general relativity is introduced, extending widely the concept of uniformly accelerated motion. An observer which obeys an UD motion is characterized as a pointing future unit timelike curve with all its curvatures identically zero up to the first one. The initial value problem when the acceleration of the motion is prescribed is analysed. It is also studied that the completeness of inextensible UD motions, that can be physically interpreted saying that the observers which obey an UD motion lives forever. For certain spacetimes with relevant symmetries that includes the generalized Robertson-Walker spacetimes, a geometric approach leads to the completeness. On the other hand, a more analytical approach permits to prove completeness of inextensible UD motions in a plane wave spacetime.
Structure of the glass-forming metallic liquids by ab-initio and classical molecular dynamics, a case study: Quenching the Cu60Ti20Zr20 alloy
Authors: Amokrane S. , Ayadim A. , Levrel L.
Published: November 2015

We consider the question of the amorphization of metallic alloys by melt quenching, as predicted by molecular dynamics simulations with semi-empirical potentials. The parametrization of the potentials is discussed on the example of the ternary Cu-Ti-Zr transition metals alloy, using the ab-initio simulation as a reference. The pair structure in the amorphous state is computed from a potential of the Stillinger-Weber form. The transferability of the parameters during the quench is investigated using two parametrizations: from solid state data, as usual and from a new parametrization on the liquid structure. When the adjustment is made on the pair structure of the liquid, a satisfactory transferability is found between the pure components and their alloys. The liquid structure predicted in this way agrees well with experiment, in contrast with the one obtained using the adjustment on the solid. The final structure, after quenches down to the amorphous state, determined with the new set of parameters is shown to be very close to the ab-initio one, the latter being in excellent agreement with recent X-rays diffraction experiments. The corresponding critical temperature of the glass transition is estimated from the behavior of the heat capacity. Discussion on the consistency between the structures predicted using semi-empirical potentials and ab-initio simulation, and comparison of different experimental data underlines the question of the dependence of the final structure on the thermodynamic path followed to reach the amorphous state.
Effect of ion polarization on longitudinal excitations in ionic melts
Authors: Markiv B. , Tokarchuk M.
Published: November 2015

A simplified model for a collective dynamics in ionic melts is proposed for the description of optic-like excitations. Within a polarization model of ionic melt, the analytical expressions for optic and relaxation dipole modes are obtained. The considered model allows one to describe a softening of frequency and an increase of damping of optic modes caused by polarization processes in comparison with the rigid-ion model. The contributions related with ion polarization to time correlation functions are calculated.
Integrability of the Frobenius algebra-valued Kadomtsev-Petviashvili hierarchy
Authors: Strachan Ian A. B. , Zuo Dafeng
Published: November 2015

We introduce a Frobenius algebra-valued Kadomtsev-Petviashvili (KP) hierarchy and show the existence of Frobenius algebra-valued τ-function for this hierarchy. In addition, we construct its Hamiltonian structures by using the Adler-Dickey-Gelfand method. As a byproduct of these constructions, we show that the coupled KP hierarchy, defined by Casati and Ortenzi [J. Geom. Phys. 56, 418-449 (2006)], has at least n-“basic” different local bi-Hamiltonian structures. Finally, via the construction of the second Hamiltonian structures, we obtain some local matrix, or Frobenius algebra-valued, generalizations of classical W-algebras.
Enhancement of thermospin effect in germanene based normal/ferromagnetic stub/normal junction
Authors: Zheng Jun , Chi Feng , Guo Yong
Published: November 2015

Spin thermoelectric effects in ferromagnetic (FM) germanene are theoretically investigated by using the nonequilibrium Green's function method. It is found that the spin Seebeck effect can be generated by temperature bias ΔT when a FM germanene is considered in the central region. However, the obtained spin resolved Seebeck coefficients is quite low with maximum value of Sσ≃700μV/K. The spin Seebeck effect is shown to increase enormously in different energy states with the assistance of electric field or stub structure. By modulating the geometric parameters of stub, the spin thermopower Ss has distinct peak values in the bulk states. Moreover, varying the Fermi energy within the bulk gap by the gate, Ss can be significantly enhanced by increasing the strength of electric field. The spin thermopower obtained by each method is predicted to be 2500μV/K, which is more than 300% larger relative to the case without electric field or stub. In addition, the magnitude and sign of spin thermopower can be manipulated by adjusting the Fermi energy. The results show that such FM germanene stub device exhibits much better thermoelectric performance and may be used as a wide energy range tunable spin thermoelectric generator.
Realization of dark state in a three-dimensional transmon superconducting qutrit
Authors: Liu Yuhao , Lan Dong , Tan Xinsheng , Zhao Jie , Zhao Peng , Li Mengmeng , Zhang Ke , Dai Kunzhe , Li Zhiyuan , Liu Qiang , Huang Shudong , Xue Guangming , Xu Peng , Yu Haifeng , Zhu Shi-Liang , Yu Yang
Published: November 2015

We realize the dark state in a three-dimensional transmon superconducting qutrit that consists of three cascading energy levels: |0⟩, |1⟩, and |2⟩. When the system is simultaneously driven with two tone microwaves on resonance with |0⟩, |1⟩ and |1⟩, |2⟩, respectively, it is found that the state of the system will generally evolve in time domain. However, the qutrit state is frozen-out if it is initialized in a dark state for corresponding drive amplitudes. We observe this freeze-out phenomenon by changing the amplitude of the microwaves while fixing the initial state or vice versa.
Magnetically driven negative thermal expansion in antiperovskite Ga1-xMnxN0.8Mn3 (0.1 ≤ x ≤ 0.3)
Authors: Guo X. G. , Lin J. C. , Tong P. , Wang M. , Wu Y. , Yang C. , Song B. , Lin S. , Song W. H. , Sun Y. P.
Published: November 2015

Negative thermal expansion (NTE) was investigated for Ga1−xMnxN0.8Mn3 (0.1 ≤ x ≤ 0.3). As x increases, the temperature range where lattice contracts upon heating becomes broad and shifts to lower temperatures. The coefficient of linear thermal expansion beyond −40 ppm/K with a temperature interval of ∼50 K was obtained around room temperature in x = 0.2 and 0.25. Local lattice distortion which was thought to be intimately related to NTE is invisible in the X-ray pair distribution function of x = 0.3. Furthermore, a zero-field-cooling exchange bias was observed as a result of competing ferromagnetic (FM) and antiferromagnetic (AFM) orders. The concomitant FM order serves as an impediment to the growth of the AFM order, and thus broadens the temperature range of NTE. Our result suggests that NTE can be achieved in antiperovskite manganese nitrides by manipulating the magnetic orders without distorting the local structure.
Melting Mechanism and Structure Evolution of Au Nanofilms Explored by Molecular Dynamics Simulations
Authors: Zhou Guo-bing , Yang Zhen , Fu Fang-jia , Hu Na , Chen Xiang-shu , Tao Duan-jian
Published: November 2015

The melting mechanism and structure evolution of two-dimensional Au nanofilms with different thicknesses have been investigated in detail by using classical molecular dynamics simulations. The simulation results demonstrate that all Au nanofilms display a two-stage melting behavior of surface premelting and homogenous melting. Furthermore, the premelting behavior only occurs in the outermost layers but the other inner layers always keep a stable solid state until the corresponding melting point, which is different from the premelting behavior from surface into the interior in zero-dimensional Au nanocluster and one-dimensional Au nanowire. Meanwhile, the increase of nanofilm thickness can lead to an increase of melting point. During the premelting process, the surface reconstruction from the {100} plane to the {111} plane has directly been observed at a atomic level for all Au nanofilms. However even for the thinnest L2 nanofilm, the surface stress can't induce such surface reconstruction until temperature is up to 500 K, while similar surface reconstruction induced by surface stress can be observed at much lower temperature for the Au nanowire due to its higher surface-to-volume ratios compared to the Au nanofilm. In addition, our simulation results show that the thinnest Au nanofilm with two atomic layers can be broken into independent one-dimensional nanowires when the temperature reaches a certain value.
Metal-Triggered DNA Folding by Different Mechanisms
Authors: Deng Wei , Zheng Bin , Ding Wei , Zhu Hong , Liang Hao-jun
Published: November 2015

Metal-mediated base pairs by the interaction between metal ions and artificial bases in oligonucleotides has been widely used in DNA nanotechnology and biosensing technique. Using isothermal titration calorimetry, circular dichroism spectroscopy and fluorescence spectroscopy, the folding process of T-C-rich oligonucleotides (TCO) induced by Hg2+ and Ag+ with the synthetic sequence d(T6C6T6C6T6C6T6) was studied and analyzed. Although thermodynamic data predict that TCO should initially fold into a relatively stable hairpin through two possible pathways of conformational transitions whether Hg2+ or Ag+ were added at first, the mechanisms and final products between the two are entirely different from isothermal titration calorimetry outcomes. When Hg2+ were added first, the haipin was formed through T-Hg-T structure with further stabilization by C-Ag-C after Ag+ addition. However, it is proposed that an unusual metal-base pair for Ag+ binding is generated instead classical C-Ag-C when Ag+ was injected first. Moreover, further confirmation of this unconventional metal-base pair T-Ag-C was verified by circular dichroism and fluorescence spectroscopy.
First-Principles Study of Field Emission from Zigzag Graphene Nanoribbons Terminated with Ether Groups
Authors: Chen Xin , Li Bin
Published: November 2015

Field emission properties of zigzag graphene nanoribbons terminated with C-O-C ether groups (including cyclic and alternative ether groups at edge, denoted as ZGNR-CE and ZGNR-AE) are studied by adopting a self-consistent method based on density functional theory calculation. The results show that the field emissions of these two nanoribbons are dominated by states around Brillouin zone center and close to Fermi level. Because of lower work function, the ZGNR-CE can produce much stronger emission current than reconstructed zigzag graphene nanoribbon. The ZGNR-AE has nearly completely spin-polarized emission current, although its emission current is not strong enough. It is also found that under the lower E-field, the uniaxial strain can effectively modulate their emission currents but the spin polarization of ZGNR-AE keeps unchanged with the varied strain. The underlying mechanisms are revealed by combining the analyses of their work functions and band structures with edge dipole model.
Behaviour of slope and wind backing fires
Authors: Rossa Carlos G. , Davim David A. , Viegas Domingos X.
Published: November 2015

Laboratory experiments of backing fires with slope (–60 to 0°) and wind (–4.5 to 0 m s–1) were carried out in fuel beds of dead Pinus pinaster Ait. needles and straw at a 0.6-kg m–2 fuel load, evaluating rates of spread and flame geometry. Wind velocity measurements inside and above the fuel beds were also carried out. Increase in fuel moisture content decreased the ratio between downslope and level-ground rates of spread (ROS). The ROS decrease with slope angle followed by an increase agreed well with flame geometry data that provided an estimation of the amount of radiation reaching the fuel bed. Features of slope backing fire behaviour could be reasonably estimated based on no-slope fire spread rate. Evidence was found that fuel moisture influenced the ROS of backing fires with wind, despite with an effect opposite to that of slope. Reduced penetration of air into the fuel beds explains the small ROS variation and results suggest that for an increasingly deep fuel bed, the mean ROS tends asymptotically to the no-wind ROS.
The dorsal anterior cingulate cortex is selective for pain: Results from large-scale reverse inference
Authors: Lieberman Matthew D. , Eisenberger Naomi I.
Published: November 2015

Significance

No neural region has been associated with more conflicting accounts of its function than the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dACC), with claims that it contributes to executive processing, conflict monitoring, pain, and salience. However, these claims are based on forward inference analysis, which is the wrong tool for making such claims. Using Neurosynth, an automated brainmapping database, we performed reverse inference analyses to explore the best psychological account of dACC function. Although forward inference analyses reproduced the findings that many processes activate the dACC, reverse inference analyses demonstrated that the dACC is selective for pain and that pain-related terms were the single best reverse inference for this region. This finding has implications for our understanding of pain and distress-related psychological disorders.
MicroRNA-3151 inactivates TP53 in
BRAF
-mutated human malignancies
Authors: Lankenau Malori A. , Patel Ravi , Liyanarachchi Sandya , Maharry Sophia E. , Hoag Kevin W. , Duggan Megan , Walker Christopher J. , Markowitz Joseph , Carson William E. , Eisfeld Ann-Kathrin , de la Chapelle Albert
Published: November 2015

Significance

Activating mutations in the
B-Raf proto-oncogene serine/threonine kinase
(
BRAF
) gene occur in many tumor types, the highest incidence being in malignant melanoma and papillary thyroid carcinoma. In patients with
BRAF
mutations tumor progression is more rapid than in patients without these mutations. Therapeutic strategies presently aim at inhibiting BRAF resulting in slower tumor progression; however, lasting remission is rarely accomplished. In this paper we identify the oncomiR-3151 as a downstream effector of mutated
BRAF.
MicroRNA-3151 (miR-3151) targets TP53 and other members of the
TP53
pathway resulting in its inhibition. Simultaneous inhibition of BRAF and miR-3151 potentiates the effects on tumor cell growth. These data establish a link between mutated
BRAF
and the
TP53
pathway, allowing novel therapeutic approaches to be considered.
Event structure and lexical semantics in a scalar approach to actionality
Authors: Bathiukova Olga
Published: November 2015

This paper offers a scalar analysis of Russian verbal forms derived with the prefix pro-. The proposed approach is crucially based on two notions integrated into the Generative Lexicon framework: Dynamic Event Structure, a representation of the internal makeup of events in terms of subevents or phases which allows tracking the change of the arguments’ properties over time; and change function, which accounts for the different ways in which these properties may be affected (i.e., initiated, terminated, modified or left unchanged) in the course of the event. Special emphasis is placed on the role of scalar properties of the nominal arguments in the composition of change-of-state predicates.
Lexical synonymy and argumental structure
Authors: Berná Sicilia Celia
Published: November 2015

Verbs that present synonymous relations usually articulate, due to their meaning identity, correlations of the syntactic-semantic order, and due to this, they constitute an interesting field of study for delimiting, with exactitude, where the specific character of each lexical unit resides. This work will try to delve into the similarities and divergences of two synonymous verbs, recordar and acordar(se). With this objective in mind, a comparative analysis on their peculiar syntactic-semantic behavior will be performed, using the information extracted from two databases (ADESSE and FramNet). The results point to the existence of zones of convergences, but also to specific features in their semotactic combination that helps with the configuration of their singular syntactic-semantic profile within the semantic class of cognition verbs.
Variable aspectual coercion in Spanish fictive motion expressions
Authors: Delbecque Nicole
Published: November 2015

Fictive motion expressions blur the distinction between stativity and dynamicity. The paper presents a corpus-based exploration of the variable ways in which structural and procedural knowledge merge in Spanish fictive motion expressions with oriented-motion verbs and manner-of-motion verbs. The metaphorical projection from motion to stativity does not necessarily conform to the aspectual restrictions associated with state descriptions. In addition to the verb’s semantics and the profile of the depicted entity, the degree of dynamicity of the blend is further determined by a range of lexical and grammatical choices. Among them figure the kind of spatial coordinates, grammatical aspect, quantifying and temporal adverbial modifiers, as well as viewing perspective. Per parameter, some factors reinforce the bias towards dynamism, whereas others downgrade it.
The pseudo-copulative verbs verse and sentirse
Authors: Fernández Jaén Jorge
Published: November 2015

This paper has as its purpose to present a diachronic analysis of the pseudo-copulative verbs verse and sentirse carried out from the theoretical postulates of cognitive semantics and the grammaticalization theory. It will be proved that these two pseudo-copulas in Spanish have been formed within a historical process determined by the conceptual properties of the transitive verbs ver [see] and sentir [feel], additionally highlighting the main functional differences between verse and sentirse and their specific semantic nuances.
On events that express properties
Authors: Fernández Leborans María Jesús , Sánchez López Cristina
Published: November 2015

This paper provides empirical support to the hypothesis that habitual readings and dispositional/capacitative readings are different kinds of generic statements, generated by different operators: an aspectual operator HABASP is responsible for the habitual reading and a like modal dispositional operator MODDISP is responsible for the dispositional reading. We analyze the Spanish construction , ex. María es muy de fumar puros (lit. [María is very of smoking cigars]). This construction put together the meaning of a habitual sentence like María often smokes cigars, realized in the infinitive clause, and the meaning of an Individual Level predicate like María is a cigar smoker, realized in a predicative prepositional phrase muy de. Our analysis explains both the properties of the construction as an IL-predicate that contain an infinitive clause with habitual reading and the restrictions about the predicates that can enter the construction.
Some reflections on verbs with clitic increase
Authors: García Fernández Luis
Published: November 2015

In this paper we will address the different values of se, one of the classic problems in Spanish grammar. Specifically, we will talk about the clitic which in the usual descriptions has no argumental value and is non-referential: the clitic sometimes called the reflexive-intensive and more recently the aspectual. We will also examine the clitic which appears with a number of verbs of motion and has also been termed aspectual. As we are dealing with a paradigmatic use of se, we will use the term “clitic increase” in order not to give the impression that we are dealing with a specific problem of the form se. This study is set out as follows: in Section 1 we introduce the two structures to be analysed. The first, is the use with transitive verbs, what we might call prototypical (comerse la paella ([to eat up the paella]) and the second deals with intransitive verbs. In Section 2, verbs of motion with clitic increase are analysed, the more relevant grammatical properties are described and a constant meaning is assigned to the appearance of the clitic. This leads us to a proposal for syntactic analysis in which the clitic is the head of the VoiceP. Then, in Section 3, we review the main properties of the first structure type and we show that our analysis also takes these into consideration. In 4, we consider the question of whether the differences introduced by the appearance of the clitic should be explained by lexicon or grammar. We end with conclusions and bibliography.
Romance object-experiencer verbs
Authors: Kailuweit Rolf
Published: November 2015

The present paper deals with Romance Objective-Experiencer verbs (OE-verbs). I will show that the different subclasses fit into a continuum between a causative and an unaccusative pole. In order to describe their varying syntactic behaviour, a finer-grained analysis of the subevents they denote will elucidate that a traditional approach following the Vendler-Dowty classes of aktionsart will reach its limit when it comes to OE-verbs. My claim is that case assignment to the experiencer does not straightforwardly follow from the aktionsart class, but from the activity contrast between the two arguments of the verb. The presence or absence of causativity explains the differentiation between two types of ­experiencer: (a) a more passive causatively affected experiencer and (b) a less passive experiencer undergoing a change of state in a particular situation without being affected by an external causer. In addition, we find a third type of OE-verb: prototypically unaccustative (ergative) verbs, such as verbs of liking, which select a more active experiencer expressing a subjective judgement. These three types constitute prototypical categories with fuzzy edges. Romance languages differ in the way they code the three types at the lexical level and at the level of the constructional inventory. The results can be formalized following the activity hierarchy approach (Kailuweit 2013).
Aspectual approach to causative-resultative denominal verbs
Authors: Lavale-Ortiz Ruth María
Published: November 2015

This paper has as its aim to verify the hypothesis according to which a verbal semantic class might correspond to a homogeneous aspectual characterization, since it could be thought that all the lexical items which share semantic features within the same class should be given the same aspectual definition. With that aim in mind, and after considering the whole set of causative denominal verbs in Spanish, our choice was to focus on the subset of causative-resultative denominal verbs where in turn it is possible to distinguish two semantic subtypes. Working on the basis of a corpus and the application of grammatical tests, the present study proves that the aspectual characterization of these verbs is not homogeneous; instead, a certain degree of variation exists within the semantic category.
Denominal parasynthesis and inchoativity from both lexical-semantic and aspectual points of view
Authors: Merchán Aravid Nuria
Published: November 2015

The present paper deals with a specific verb class: parasynthetic denominal verbs with an inchoative meaning. Analyzing them requires connecting two notions that belong to different linguistic analysis levels: the morphological mechanism of denominal parasynthesis – a particular word formation process starting from a noun – and the semantic notion of inchoativity – which expresses a change of state in the notional subject. This relation is especially productive with affixes such as a- and em-/en-, and with the verbal endings -ar, -ecer and -ear. The aim of this survey is twofold: on the one hand, to show how the study of the conceptualization base in the resulting structure makes it possible to establish different groups of denominal parasynthetic verbs; and, on the other hand, to determine the aspectual characteristics of inchoative denominal parasynthetic verbs so as to try to identify the aspectual class to which they could belong. The outcome is a proposal of characterization and classification that fills the gap concerning inchoative parasynthetic denominal verbs, since they have not been systematically analyzed in Spanish grammars so far.
Judging a book by its cover
Authors: Dixon Peter , Bortolussi Marisa , Mullins Blaine
Published: November 2015

In this experiment, we investigated whether book covers can signal sub-genre information to knowledgeable readers. Self-identified science-fiction fans and mystery fans sorted 80 randomly selected book covers from each of those genres into groups of their own devising. The sorts were used to identify similarity among books, and that similarity structure was used to measure similarity among subjects. Cluster analysis was then used to find groups of subjects who sorted similarly. Linear models were demonstrated that group membership was related to the knowledge subjects reported about the genres. This pattern of results supports the view that book covers constitute an implicit signaling system between publishers and experienced readers of a fictional genre.
Inferring divertor plasma properties from hydrogen Balmer and Paschen series spectroscopy in JET-ILW
Authors: Lomanowski B.A. , Meigs A.G. , Sharples R.M. , Stamp M. , Guillemaut C.
Published: November 2015

A parametrised spectral line profile model is formulated to investigate the diagnostic scope for recovering plasma parameters from hydrogenic Balmer and Paschen series spectroscopy in the context of JET-ILW divertor plasmas. The separate treatment of Zeeman and Stark contributions in the line model is tested against the PPP-B code which accounts for their combined influence on the spectral line shape. The proposed simplified model does not fully reproduce the Stark–Zeeman features for the α and β transitions, but good agreement is observed in the line width and wing profiles, especially for n  >  5. The line model has been applied to infer radial density profiles in the JET-ILW divertor with generally good agreement between the D

,

,

,

and

lines for high recycling and detached conditions. In an L-mode detached plasma pulse the Langmuir probe measurements typically underestimated the density by a factor 2–3 and overestimated the electron temperature by a factor of 5–10 compared to spectroscopically derived values. The line model is further used to generate synthetic high-resolution spectra for low-n transitions to assess the potential for parameter recovery using a multi-parametric fitting technique. In cases with 4 parameter fits with a single Maxwellian neutral temperature component the D

line yields the best results with parameter estimates within 10% of the input values. For cases with 9 parameter fits inclusive of a multi-component neutral velocity distribution function the quality of the fits is degraded. Simultaneous fitting of the D

and

profiles improves the fit quality significantly, highlighting the importance of complementary spectroscopic measurements for divertor plasma emission studies.
Mating the Basilica with a Siegel disk
Authors: Yang Jonguk
Published: November 2015

LetfSf_{\mathbf {S}}be a quadratic polynomial with a fixed Siegel disc of bounded type. Using an adaptation of complex a priori bounds for critical circle maps, we prove thatfSf_{\mathbf {S}}is conformally mateable with the basilica polynomialfB(z):=z2−1f_{\mathbf {B}}(z):= z^2-1.
A universal divergence rate for symmetric Birkhoff Sums in infinite ergodic theory
Authors: Kosloff Zemer
Published: November 2015

We show that there exists a universal gap in the failure of the ergodic theorem for symmetric Birkhoff sums in infinite ergodic theory.
Developmentally regulated GTP-binding protein 2 coordinates Rab5 activity and transferrin recycling
Authors: Mani Muralidharan , Lee Unn Hwa , Yoon Nal Ae , Kim Hyo Jeong , Ko Myoung Seok , Seol Wongi , Joe Yeonsoo , Chung Hun Taeg , Lee Byung Ju , Moon Chang Hoon , Cho Wha Ja , Park Jeong Woo
Published: November 2015

The small GTPase Rab5 regulates the early endocytic pathway of transferrin (Tfn), and Rab5 deactivation is required for Tfn recycling. Rab5 deactivation is achieved by RabGAP5, a GTPase-activating protein, on the endosomes. Here we report that recruitment of RabGAP5 is insufficient to deactivate Rab5 and that developmentally regulated GTP-binding protein 2 (DRG2) is required for Rab5 deactivation and Tfn recycling. DRG2 was associated with phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate–containing endosomes. It colocalized and interacted with EEA1 and Rab5 on endosomes in a phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase–dependent manner. DRG2 depletion did not affect Tfn uptake and recruitment of RabGAP5 and Rac1 to Rab5 endosomes. However, it resulted in impairment of interaction between Rab5 and RabGAP5, Rab5 deactivation on endosomes, and Tfn recycling. Ectopic expression of shRNA-resistant DRG2 rescued Tfn recycling in DRG2-depleted cells. Our results demonstrate that DRG2 is an endosomal protein and a key regulator of Rab5 deactivation and Tfn recycling.
Analyzing synergistic and non-synergistic interactions in signalling pathways using Boolean Nested Effect Models
Authors: Pirkl Martin , Hand Elisabeth , Kube Dieter , Spang Rainer
Published: November 2015

Motivation: Understanding the structure and interplay of cellular signalling pathways is one of the great challenges in molecular biology. Boolean Networks can infer signalling networks from observations of protein activation. In situations where it is difficult to assess protein activation directly, Nested Effect Models are an alternative. They derive the network structure indirectly from downstream effects of pathway perturbations. To date, Nested Effect Models cannot resolve signalling details like the formation of signalling complexes or the activation of proteins by multiple alternative input signals. Here we introduce Boolean Nested Effect Models (B-NEM). B-NEMs combine the use of downstream effects with the higher resolution of signalling pathway structures in Boolean Networks.

Results: We show that B-NEMs accurately reconstruct signal flows in simulated data. Using B-NEM we then resolve BCR signalling via PI3K and TAK1 kinases in BL2 lymphoma cell lines.

Availability and implementation: R code is available at https://github.com/MartinFXP/B-NEM (github). The BCR signalling dataset is available at the GEO database (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/) through accession number GSE68761.

Contact:  martin-franz-xaver.pirkl@ukr.de, Rainer.Spang@ukr.de

Supplementary information:  Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Periodic mass extinctions and the Planet X model reconsidered
Authors: Whitmire Daniel P.
Published: November 2015

The 27 Myr period in the fossil extinction record has been confirmed in modern data bases dating back 500 Myr, which is twice the time interval of the original analysis from 30 years ago. The surprising regularity of this period has been used to reject the Nemesis model. A second model based on the Sun's vertical Galactic oscillations has been challenged on the basis of an inconsistency in period and phasing. The third astronomical model originally proposed to explain the periodicity is the Planet X model in which the period is associated with the perihelion precession of the inclined orbit of a trans-Neptunian planet. Recently, and unrelated to mass extinctions, a trans-Neptunian super-Earth planet has been proposed to explain the observation that the inner Oort cloud objects Sedna and 2012VP113 have perihelia that lie near the ecliptic plane. In this Letter, we reconsider the Planet X model in light of the confluence of the modern palaeontological and outer Solar system dynamical evidence.
Near-infrared studies of the carbon monoxide and dust-forming Nova V5668 Sgr
Authors: Banerjee D. P. K. , Srivastava Mudit K. , Ashok N. M. , Venkataraman V.
Published: November 2015

We present near-infrared (NIR) observations of Nova V5668 Sgr, discovered in outburst on 2015 March 15.634 ut, between 2 and 107 d after outburst. NIR spectral features are used to classify it as a Fe ii class of nova. The spectra follow the evolution of the spectral lines from a P Cygni stage to a pure emission phase where the shape of the profiles suggests the presence of a bipolar flow. A notable feature is the presence of carbon monoxide first overtone bands which are seen in emission. The CO emission is modelled to make estimates of the mass, temperature and column density to be (0.5–2.0) × 10−8 M⊙, 4000 ± 300 K and (0.36–1.94) × 1019 cm−2, respectively. The 12C/13C ratio is estimated to be ∼1.5. V5668 Sgr was a strong dust producer exhibiting the classical deep dip in its optical light curve during dust formation. Analysis of the dust SED yields a dust mass of 2.7 × 10-7 M⊙, a blackbody angular diameter of the dust shell of 42 mas and a distance estimate to the nova of 1.54 kpc which agrees with estimates made from MMRD relations.
Initial Correction Rate Can be Predictive of the Outcome of Brace Treatment in Patients With Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis
Authors: Xu Leilei , Qin Xiaodong , Qiu Yong , Zhu Zezhang
Published: November 2015

Study Design:

A retrospective study.

Objective:

To determine the definite cut-off value of initial correction rate (ICR) that could be predictive of bracing outcome in patients with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis.

Summary of Background Data:

Earlier studies showed that braced patients with a better ICR could finally have a higher probability of successful outcome. However, it remains controversial what definitive cut-off value of ICR is required to accurately predict the outcome.

Materials and Methods:

A cohort of 488 adolescent idiopathic scoliosis patients who have completed the brace treatment with a minimum of 2-year follow-up were included in the current study. Curve progression of ≤5 degrees was used to define the success of brace treatment. The success group and the failure group were compared in terms of initial Risser sign, initial age, sex, curve pattern, initial curve magnitude, and ICR. The receiver operating characteristics curve was used to define the definite cut-off point of initial curve correction rate. A logistic regression model was created to determine the independent predictors of the bracing outcome.

Results:

At the beginning of brace treatment, the mean age of the cohort was 13.2±1.5 years, and the mean curve magnitude was 29.5 ± 6.6 degrees. At the final follow-up, 368 patients were successfully treated by bracing. Compared with the success group, the failure group was found to have significantly younger age, lower Risser sign, and lower ICR. According to the receiver operating characteristic curve, the best cut-off value of ICR was 10%. The logistic regression model showed that ICR was significantly associated with the outcome of brace treatment with an odds ratio of 9.61.

Conclusions:

Patients with low ICR, low Risser sign, and young age could have a remarkably high risk of bracing failure. A rate of 10% was the optimal cut-off point for ICR, which can be used to effectively stratify braced patients.