bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Unraveling emergent network indeterminacy in complex ecosystems: A random matrix approach
Authors: Kawatsu Kazutaka
Published: June 2024

Indeterminacy of ecological networks—the unpredictability of ecosystem responses to persistent perturbations—is an emergent property of indirect effects a species has on another through interaction chains. Thus, numerous indirect pathways in large, complex ecological communities could make forecasting the long-term outcomes of environmental changes challenging. However, a comprehensive understanding of ecological structures causing indeterminacy has not yet been reached. Here, using random matrix theory (RMT), we provide mathematical criteria determining whether network indeterminacy emerges across various ecological communities. Our analytical and simulation results show that indeterminacy intricately depends on the characteristics of species interaction. Specifically, contrary to conventional wisdom, network indeterminacy is unlikely to emerge in large competitive and mutualistic communities, while it is a common feature in top–down regulated food webs. Furthermore, we found that predictable and unpredictable perturbations can coexist in the same community and that indeterminate responses to environmental changes arise more frequently in networks where predator–prey relationships predominate than competitive and mutualistic ones. These findings highlight the importance of elucidating direct species relationships and analyzing them with an RMT perspective on two fronts: It aids in 1) determining whether the network’s responses to environmental changes are ultimately indeterminate and 2) identifying the types of perturbations causing less predictable outcomes in a complex ecosystem. In addition, our framework should apply to the inverse problem of network identification, i.e., determining whether observed responses to sustained perturbations can reconstruct their proximate causalities, potentially impacting other fields such as microbial and medical sciences.
Foreignizing the domestic
Authors: Khademnabi Mir Mohammad , Delzendehrooy Somaye
Published: June 2024

Characterizing Venuti’s foreignizing and domesticating strategies as historically dependent, this article
attempts to shed some new light on how such translations – especially the foreignizing ones – emerge in any language. After
discussing the roots of Venuti’s thinking in the American context and redefining foreignization as a strategy that draws on
domestic, yet marginalized, elements, we delve into the theory and practice of two Persian translators, Ahmad Shamlu and Mir
Shamseddin Adib-Soltani. Although their translation practices are ostensibly domesticating, they possess underlying foreignizing
qualities. The implications and intellectual origins of their practices are discussed in the Iranian context, giving rise to a
theoretical perspective that allows for foreignizing in non-Anglophone cultures.
Renormalization of conformal infinity as a stretched horizon
Authors: Riello Aldo , Freidel Laurent
Published: June 2024

In this paper, we provide a comprehensive study of asymptotically flat spacetime in even dimensionsd⩾4. We analyze the most general boundary condition and asymptotic symmetry compatible with Penrose’s definition of asymptotic null infinityIthrough conformal compactification. Following Penrose’s prescription and using a minimal version of the Bondi–Sachs gauge, we show thatIis naturally equipped with a Carrollian stress tensor whose radial derivative defines the asymptotic Weyl tensor. This analysis describes asymptotic infinity as a stretched horizon in the conformally compactified spacetime. We establish that charge aspects conservation can be written as Carrollian Bianchi identities for the asymptotic Weyl tensor. We then provide a covariant renormalization for the asymptotic symplectic potential, which results in a finite symplectic flux and asymptotic charges. The renormalization scheme works even in the presence of logarithmic anomalies.
Electrical transport in nanostructured Ni3Al at low temperatures
Authors: Zhu Dongdong , Dai Fei , Lei Haile
Published: June 2024

The electrical resistivity in nanostructured Ni3Al has been discriminated to be dominated fully by the electron-magnon scattering with spin fluctuations and evolve in the form of T
5/3 and T
3/2 below and above its Curie temperature. In addition to doping into γ′-Ni3Al nanophases, excessive Ni atoms are demonstrated to aggregate at the cores of Ni3Al so that some γ-Ni nanophases are embedded in the γ′-Ni3Al ones for forming the core/shell nanostructure. The itinerant electrons from γ′-Ni3Al nanophases is further suggested to wander around the phonons in both γ-Ni and γ′-Ni3Al nanophases for screening the electron-phonon interactions. Consequently, the conduction electrons are scattered largely by spin fluctuations in γ′-Ni3Al shells to suppress the contribution of phonons to the electron transport in nanostructured Ni3Al.
3D measurement of precise part in complex circumstance using line structured light and improved U-Net
Authors: Zhao Huining , Huang Yongbo , Wan Maosen , Yu Liandong , Liu Fangfang , Xia Haojie
Published: June 2024

Line structured light scanning is extensively utilized for the 3D measurement of precise metal parts, but the curvature surfaces and specific materials of these parts generate specular reflection, making it challenging to accurately extract the center of the laser stripe in complex circumstances. Therefore, the primary challenges are the noise separation in the laser stripe image and the extraction of the laser stripe center under complex circumstances. To solve the above problems, an improved U-Net semantic segmentation algorithm is proposed by adding an attention mechanism and modifying skip connections to the classical U-Net network structure for accurate laser stripe segmentation. Secondly, the dual smoothing method of mean smoothing and Savitzky–Golay smoothing is combined with the Hessian matrix algorithm to complete the subpixel extraction of the center point of the laser stripe. Finally, taking the blade and shaft part as the measurement objects, the experimental results demonstrate that the method can obtain more complete, smoother, and denser results than the traditional method under highly reflective surfaces, vital interference spots, and strong ambient light. The proposed method is used for the 3D measurement of the shaft parts, and the diameter measurement maximum error is 0.029 mm, verifying the feasibility of the proposed method.
Robust pedestrian multi-object tracking in the intelligent bus environment
Authors: Wang Shaohua , Guo Yuhao , Li Yicheng
Published: June 2024

Pedestrian multi-object tracking algorithms aim to maintain identity information of pedestrians by comparing the similarity between trajectories and detections, predicting pedestrian motion trajectories. However, within the context of intelligent bus, challenges arise due to factors such as passenger growth and vehicle vibrations, rendering existing pedestrian multi-object tracking algorithms less accurate. Therefore, this paper proposes an intelligent bus terminal robust pedestrian multi-object tracking algorithm named pure motion (PM), which can consistently and stably track pedestrians. The proposed algorithm employs several key strategies. Firstly, it optimizes trajectory prediction by adapting the aspect ratio of the prediction box based on pedestrian movement, automatically adjusting its shape, and selecting velocity weight coefficients according to different tracking targets. Secondly, it decomposes the homography matrix to acquire motion components and correct predicted results under motion conditions. Subsequently, the algorithm leverages the similarity between detection results and trajectories to retain high-confidence detections, eliminating low-confidence ones associated with background, thereby reducing false negatives and enhancing trajectory coherence. Futhermore, the introduction of detection confidence into trajectory updates to enhances the precision of measurement noise. The proposed algorithm underwent testing in intelligent bus driving scenarios, including turns, waiting for traffic lights, emergency braking, and approaching bus stops. The tracking accuracy on the MOT17-13-val dataset reaches 81.8. The results demonstrate that PM significantly improves the robustness of pedestrian multi-object tracking algorithms in the environment of intelligent bus.
Wind turbine gearbox condition monitoring using AI-enabled virtual indicators*
Authors: Chen Shuai , Xie Biaobiao , Wu Lei , Qiao Zijian , Zhu Ronghua , Xie Chongyang
Published: June 2024

At present, the condition monitoring of wind turbine gearbox mostly involves selecting monitoring indicators in advance and establishing normal behavior models based on deep learning. However, single physical monitoring indicator cannot fully characterize the operating status of the wind turbine gearbox. To address the above issues, a wind turbine gearbox condition monitoring method using convolutional neural network (CNN)-long and short term memory network (LSTM)-autoencoder (AE) enabled virtual indicators is proposed in this paper. This method first establishes a cleaning principle to preprocess the data of supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) system and screen out effective SCADA data further. A CNN-LSTM-AE monitoring model was trained using SCADA data during normal operating process, various characteristic parameters of the gearbox are integrated to construct the AI-enabled virtual indicators, and meanwhile warning thresholds was determined based on the probability density distribution of virtual indicators to analyze the operating status of the gearbox. Finally, the proposed method was validated using real SCADA data from two wind turbines in a cooperated wind farm with my group. Compared with a single physical indicator, the virtual indicator enables to detect gearbox early faults 5 d in advance, indicating that the proposed method can effectively alert wind turbine gearbox failures.
Segmented parabolic adjustment of the FAST reflector utilizing spatial coordinate rotation transformation
Authors: Wang Fengzhou , Kang Yuchuan , Guo Fenze
Published: June 2024

Since the middle of the twentieth century, the advent of radio telescopes has brought a whole new way and approach to astronomical observation. For Arecibo-type radio telescopes, the tuning optimization of the active reflecting surface (working paraboloid) is the main factor affecting the reflectance calibration. In this study, leveraging the transformation of spatial coordinates through rotation, we introduce an innovative optimization model specifically for the segmented paraboloid of the Five-hundred-meter Aperture Spherical radio Telescope (Hereinafter referred to as FAST) designed by China astronomer and scientist Nan Rendong. This research constructs the equation for an ideal paraboloid and adjusts the working paraboloid to fit within specified constraints such as the orientation of the target star, the adjustment limit of the actuator, and the spatial coordinates. The study employs a combination of coarse and fine grid searches to identify and record the optimal adjustment scheme of the main cable nodes at different angles and the corresponding 2226 actuator coordinates and telescoping length, based on which we build a back propagation model to continuously modify the adjustment scheme. A combination of geometric simulation and Monte Carlo tests were also used for verification. Furthermore, we delve into the impact of variations between adjacent nodes of the modulating actuators, as well as potential longitudinal and radial changes. Compared to the conventional conditioning model, the segmented solution idealized paraboloid we created increases the original reflection efficiency from 77.92% to 95.56% in the working area of 300 m aperture, it will contributes to enhancing the overall performance of FAST.
Corrigendum: Selected Mathematical Tools for Modeling in Tomography and Image Processing with Some Applications (2024 J. Phys.: Conf. Ser. 2701 012008)
Authors: Hjouj Fawaz
Published: June 2024

Please see Article PDF for corrigendum text.
Corrigendum: Unsupervised texture classification of 3D X-ray Micro-computed Tomography images (2024 J. Phys.: Conf. Ser. 2701 012143)
Authors: Almeghari Tamara A. I. , Jouini Mohamed Soufiane , Hjouj Fawaz
Published: June 2024

Please see Article PDF for corrigendum text.
Numerical study of cold-formed steel sigma sections under combined bending and web crippling action
Authors: Maria Henna , Sreedevi V M
Published: June 2024

Cold formed steel sigma sections are a part of highly optimized family of steel sections. The presence of folding lines along their webs makes them safe for resisting buckling. However, when the CFS beams are exposed to concentrated transverse loads, it increases their vulnerability to web crippling, resulting in a decrease in their moment capacity. To evaluate the performance of CFS sigma sections in applications involving concentrated loads, a finite element analysis-based investigation has been done to understand their behaviour under combined bending and web crippling loading. Out of the four web crippling load cases specified by the AISI code, only the IOF loading case was considered for the study since the IOF case involves concentrated loading at mid-span. Three sets of FE analyses were done to estimate the capacity of the CFS sigma section under pure bending, pure web crippling and combined bending and web crippling. A comprehensive numerical study has been conducted to select the optimum parameters that affect the combined bending and crippling capacity of the sigma section. The adequacy of interaction rules specified in three major cold-formed steel design standards, North American Specification (AISI S100), Australian/New Zealand Standard (AS/NZS 4600), and Eurocode 3 Part 1.3, which are developed primarily using CFS Z and C sections as a basis, has been evaluated. An empirical relation to predict the combined bending and crippling capacity of the CFS sigma section was proposed using the MARS algorithm, and its appropriateness was checked. The proposed empirical relation can be used as a design tool to predict the combined bending and web crippling capacity of the CFS sigma section for the given set of parameters.
Active seismic control using neural network
Authors: Gumudavelly Ujwal , Mehta Nirmal , Chaudhary Rahul , Bhaiya Vishisht
Published: June 2024

A novel active control algorithm is proposed in this present study. It is assumed that the shape of the time history of control force is same as that of the shape of time history of ground excitation. Based on the above assumption, control force is determined for a specific target reduction in displacement, velocity and acceleration. Time histories of ground motion compatible to response spectrum are generated for seismic zone three as per Indian seismic conditions. A neural network is trained to generate the desired control force for a specific target reduction. The results of the study show that the reduction provided by the proposed control algorithm matches well with the target reduction.
Behavior study of precast pier of bridge for its various shape
Authors: Raval P B , Butala A M , Mehta N S
Published: June 2024

This study presents the analysis and design of precast pier as per Indian standard codes. The analysis and design of pier is carried out by considering various loads as per Indian standers and IRC codes. The design of precast pier is carried out using the STAAD. Pro software. To study the effect of water pressure on precast pier various shapes of pier are considered like rectangular, circular, pier with triangular cut, pier with arch. The comparison of dis-placement, stresses, strength, and stiffness of different shapes are analysed to evaluate the behaviour of pier. The design of connection of the precast pier is done using IRC codal provisions. Looking to the results precast pier with circular shape is most suitable shape than other considered shape by having more stiffness in each direction, but to resist stresses the rectangle shaped with arc is good choice. And the displacement of pier having rectangular shape is less compared to circular pier.
A contemporary review on progressive collapse
Authors: Singh Harmanpreet , Mohit Bhandari Dr.
Published: June 2024

This study provides a comprehensive review of the latest analytical and experimental research aim at better understanding the nature of failure propagation and identifying the mechanisms responsible for building collapse. The dynamic collapse of buildings is a serious concern that can be triggered by a range of mishaps, including fires, gas explosions, vehicle collisions, design and construction errors, and natural wear and tear. With the proliferation of complex, multi-functional tall buildings in recent years, safety and stability have often taken a backseat. Additionally, the paper examines various guidelines for preventing collapse, focusing on the role of member action and corresponding material and section sizes in either promoting or hindering the spread of collapse. This study considers several control mechanisms that can be implemented to limit the area of influence following a local failure, thereby reducing the likelihood of a full building collapse. The study concludes that, addressing the risk of progressive collapse requires a multidisciplinary approach that considers structural design, material selection, construction practices, and maintenance procedures.
Resource optimisation considerations for earthquake-resistant structural design of buildings according to geometric and architectural requirements.
Authors: Abril-Camino Andrés , Abril-Camino Daniel
Published: June 2024

This document is the result of multiple investigations carried out by the authors, which have been published or are in the process of being published, where the starting point is a structural system in earthquake resistant steel that is lighter in weight: Special Concentrically Brace Frames SCBF, since in other investigations the authors have compared different steel structural systems and has come to the conclusion that SCBF is the lightest, however it maintains seismic resistant characteristics and is even more rigid than other systems without braces such as Special Moment Frames SMF, additionally it is placed in places where it is not necessary that the frames are braced using ordinary OMF moment frames. Eighteen structural archetypes have been designed, varying the distance between column axes, number of floors, but preserving their geometry and architecture. Of which 9 archetypes are made of SCBF structural steel and 9 of SMF type reinforced concrete. Both materials present acceptable and similar seismic-resistant conditions, so based on these designs, the cost and the amount of CO2 emitted are analyzed, considering the superstructure from level 0+00 and the substructure or foundations. The result is which structure is more environmentally friendly and alternatives of use according to area, number of floors and distances between axes looking for an economic optimization.
A study on strength of concrete with partial replacement of cement and fine aggregate with metakaolin and quarry dust
Authors: Manikanta Kopuri N A G K , Anitha Priyadharshani Dr. S. , Reddy Dr. P.V.R.K.
Published: June 2024

Concrete is a manmade material consists of different constituents like cement, aggregates and water. In this experimental investigation, cement is partially replaced with metakaolin and quarry dust is partially replaced to fine aggregate. Metakaolin is partially replaced to cement in the percentage of 0 to 20% with 5 % increments. Fine aggregate is partially replaced with quarry dust by 0 to 40% with 10 % increments. From this study best combination is found with metakaolin and quarry dust for getting better compressive, split tensile and flexural strengths than normal concrete. Totally 13 sets of concrete specimens like cubes, cylinders and prisms are cast with these replacements for finding compressive, split tensile and flexural strengths at the age of 28 days of curing. Concrete with metakaolin as partial replacement to cement given better results in compression at 10 %, split tension at 20 % and flexure at 15 % replacements. Concrete with 20 % replacement quarry dust given better results under all aspects. Concrete with 10 % M + 20 % Q combination given better results under compression. Concrete with 20 % M + 40 % Q combination given better results under split tension and flexure.
Experimental Investigation on the Performance of Bituminous Mixture Containing Brick and Iron Dust as Fillers
Authors: Noatia Bimala , Singh Khwairakpam Lakshman
Published: June 2024

Bulk waste dusts obtained from brick and steel manufactures can be utilized as construction materials in pavement that can save natural resources and reduce environmental pollution. This study aims to explore the potential of waste brick and iron dust as substitutes for stone dust filler in bituminous mixtures. Brick fines was treated with NaOH solutions (2M, 4M, 6M, and 8M) to reduce its high-water absorption, among these 4M NaOH solution was chosen as the most effective one. XRD and SEM tests were used to analyze filler properties. The strength performance of bituminous mixture using stone dust, brick dust, treated brick dust, iron dust were evaluated in terms of Marshall stability, indirect tensile strength, moisture susceptibility, cantabro and creep tests. The performance of the mixture for combination of brick - iron dust (1:1) filler is also determined. It is observed that Marshall stability and flow value of the mixes with untreated brick dust increased by 2.89% and 3.44% respectively as compare to conventional mix but with higher OBC. Marshall stability of the mix with iron dust has increased by 1.57% and but decrease in flow value by 13.21%. The ITS value with treated brick dust is higher than untreated brick dust filler. Whereas the iron dust filler and combined of brick and iron dust (1:1) filler has 6.33% and 4.7% higher ITS value as compared to conventional mix. The cantabro loss & static creep deformation values of mixes using brick and iron dust ranges from 5% to 8% & 1.0 to 1.7mm respectively. As the bituminous mixes with these waste products has shown improvement in strength properties, it can be used as alternative filler in bituminous mixes benefiting the impact of pavement industry in waste management concern.
Issues Related to Numerous Construction Techniques Practices In the Southern-Western Part of Rural Rajasthan
Authors: Rathore Mansingh , Ramana P.V.
Published: June 2024

The paper highlights the negative impacts of thoughtless development on the environment, particularly in the context of building construction. It emphasizes the importance of increasing awareness about sustainable development as a solution to mitigate these effects. Building construction significantly contributes to climate change due to its high energy consumption and waste generation. Proper design and planning and appropriate technology are key factors in achieving sustainable development in the construction sector. Traditional buildings have historically demonstrated resilience against natural hazards and environmental impacts. The knowledge and techniques used in constructing these structures have evolved over centuries to meet local areas’ specific needs and conditions. However, in the present era, the development of new techniques and the widespread availability of building materials have overcome the geographical limitations faced in the past. Modern building materials such as cement, steel, and bricks have gained popularity and are now readily available even in remote areas. Non-engineered constructions of modern houses may need to be better-suited to withstand specific environmental challenges, such as earthquakes. Safety considerations are paramount, and it is crucial to ensure that buildings are constructed to withstand potential hazards. Moreover, current construction practices often come with high costs, making them neither safe nor economical. This highlights the need to explore alternative approaches prioritizing safety and affordability. Sustainable construction practices, such as energy-efficient designs, the use of renewable materials, and waste reduction strategies, can contribute to addressing these concerns. By incorporating proper design, planning, and appropriate technology, while also considering local conditions and hazards, it is possible to achieve resilient and cost-effective construction practices. Increased awareness and adoption of sustainable approaches are key to promoting a more environmentally conscious and economically viable construction industry.
Impact behaviour of laminated composite stiffened clamped conoidal shell roof by finite element
Authors: Irshad A , Neogi S D , Chakravorty D
Published: June 2024

Laminated composite has been discovered and adopted as a result of the hunt towards smarter materials. It has excellent stiffness to weight ratio and has gained mass popularity. However, due to the existence of two or more materials in a single domain, mathematical modelling of composite materials is a complex process. Despite having a wide range of benefits, laminated composites are susceptible to damage from impacts due its low transverse shear capacity. These impacts can cause tearing up of fibres which remains suppressed inside the lamina and can cause complete collapse. Furthermore, depending on the velocity of impact, significant deformation is caused in the shells. Stiffeners, hence become unavoidable in these cases. Application of proper contact law is essential for impact analysis. Classical contact law as proposed by Hertz is applicable for isotropic materials proved to be insufficient in case of laminated composite materials. Power impact law as proposed by Tan and Chen has been implemented and successfully applied by various researchers. The present study is an attempt to optimize the most favourable position of stiffener on a conoidal shell with complex clamped boundary conditions. Conclusions of engineering significance with respect to impact load, deformation, stress and strain generated are drawn at the end of this comparative parametric study.
Mechanical and Microstructural Analysis of Cement Mortar Mixes Using PET Plastic Waste
Authors: Rathore Rituraj Singh , Prakash Divya , Chouhan Harshwardhan Singh
Published: June 2024

In the Modern era, construction activities continuously increase as a result of urbanization and hence have a huge demand for natural materials to fulfil the needs. Due to this, the extraction of beds at a large scale is required to excavate the natural aggregate and thus it disturbs our precious environment. Parallel to this, there are a lot of waste materials like PET plastic waste available in the surrounding which has the potential to substitute the fine and coarse aggregate by forming a durable structure. Sustainable disposal of industrial waste is not an easy task as it contaminates the natural sources of water such as rivers, lakes, ponds and also depletes the land area by dumping over it. The present work draws an overview to remove the mentioned issue by effective utilization of PET plastic waste by performing physical, chemical, mechanical, and microstructure analysis in cement mortar mixes. A total ten cement mortar mixes of Rich mix mortar (1:3) and Lean mix mortar (1:6) proportions (each of five) were prepared by substituting PET plastic waste [sizes 1mm (68%), 2mm (22%), 3mm (6%) and 4mm (4%)] over fine aggregate at a replacement level from 0% to 20% at an interval of 5% to evaluate the various important properties like specific gravity, bulk density (loose), fineness modulus, compressive strength, flexural strength, ultrasonic pulse velocity parameters etc. A positive outcome is obtained at a 5% replacement level due to dense homogeneous mortar mix and improved workability. It also enhances strength parameters through which the rheological characters of mortar mixes are sustained. Internal structural analysis is performed by microstructure tests like X-ray diffraction (XRD), Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and Energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) methods on raw material. Utilization of PET as a partial replacement for conventional river sand may have an opportunity to preserve over natural resources with alternative building materials. The finding represents that all PET-based mortar mixes may be incorporated in plaster work of structural walls, column, etc.
Experimental study of Compressive Strength of Concrete by Partial Replacement of Cement with Egg Shell Powder and Fine Aggregate with Copper Slag
Authors: Naxine D.R. , Ghodmare Sujesh
Published: June 2024

The Egg Shell Powder (ESP) is a waste generated from houses and hotels, impacting the environment. This study aims to reuse ESP and Copper Slag in concrete, partially replacing cement and fine aggregate to minimize their use, reduce pollution and ease the burden on natural resources. M20 and M25 grade concrete mixes were prepared with 5% & 7.5% ESP replacement for cement and 40% and 60% Copper Slag replacement for fine aggregate. It is concluded that there was an increase in the compressive strength of concrete with 5% ESP and 40% Copper slag, 5% ESP and 60% Copper slag, and 7.5% ESP and 40% Copper slag when compared to conventional concrete. However, the compressive strength decreased with 7.5% ESP and 60% Copper slag.
Utilisation of pozzolanic material in skim-coat product for reduction of carbon footprint
Authors: Kumari Kareena , Gupta Arvind , Dwivedi Poonam , Gupta Harden Dev , Mishra Dinesh Kumar
Published: June 2024

Skim coat wall putty is the most broadly used and important product in the coating and construction industry which is a combination of white cement, inorganic minerals fillers and organic additives like Re-dispersible Polymer (RDP), Methyl Cellulose (MC) etc. This novel study investigates a sustainable way to use Supplementary Cementitious Materials (SCM) in skim-coat wall putty products. Industrial waste in cement and cement-based products reduces CO2 emissions. Ground Granulated Blast Furnace (GGBS), a steel industry waste, is highly reactive and forms all desired cementitious phases after hydration. This study discusses the benefits of using GGBS in skim-coat wall putty products and comparable major properties like pot life, workability, tensile adhesion strength, compressive strength, water capillary absorption test, finishing, surface smoothness, etc. This technical paper focuses on the feasibility of addition of GGBS as a partial replacement of cement. Four sets of wall putty including a control sample with 2%, 4% and 6% GGBS addition were prepared. This study has revealed that the Set-3 containing 4% GGBS has shown all desired skim-coat physical-mechanical properties. In 1 ton wall putty production, there can be saving of approx. 23kg CO2 which takes this study on the roadmap of sustainability and environment conservation. GGBS is complete industrial waste which is being utilized in the product hence the issue of disposing of waste is eliminated.
Strength and permeability of concrete containing dimensional stone slurry and crushed sand
Authors: Gehlot Akash , Danish Mohd , Kalla Pawan , Bairwa Suresh Chand
Published: June 2024

Cement and River sand are major ingredients used in the concrete industry. During the production of cement, large energy, as well as raw material consumption and CO2 emission, is a very big concern. River sand, extracted from riverbeds and required in vast quantities, is utilized as fine aggregate in concrete. River sand is a natural material and most rivers are over-exploited to fulfil the fine aggregate requirement, creating environmental problems. Also due to the scarcity of river sand, its transportation cost is high, affecting the construction project’s overall cost. Many states have put restrictions on the excavation of sand from river beds due to environmental concerns.

The present study involves dimensional stone slurry (DSS) as a supplementary cementitious material (SCM), and local crushed sand as a fine aggregate. Slurry is produced during the cutting and finishing process of dimensional stone. This waste creates many problems such as respiratory diseases for the nearby residents, workers on mine, and other nearby habitats. Mining and processing stones waste which is not useful in its condition so it can be used for the construction sector by crushing it in small particles of fine aggregate called crushed stone sand. The experimental programme included generating concrete mixes with a water/binder ratio of 0.40 employing DSS as SCM at 0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, and 25% by weight of cement, with Crushed Sand confirming to zone 2 as fine aggregate. Concrete properties were assessed in both its fresh and hardened states. strength and durability attributes of hardened concrete were assessed. Compressive, flexural, and split tensile strength tests were carried out. The mechanical strength of concrete was increased by 5% when DSS was used. For durability assessment of concrete several tests such as abrasion resistance, DIN permeability, water absorption, and ultrasonic pulse velocity were conducted on concrete. Results of DSS up to 10% added in concrete was better in durability when compared with control concrete. Thus, the present Study suggests the utilization of DSS (5-10%) with crushed Sand, not only improves concrete quality but also provides cost-effective material and helps in sustainable development.
Strength Evaluation on Stabilized Sub Grade of MMGSY Road
Authors: Patel Nandan , Priyan Khadeeja , Solanki V.P. , Bhatt Pratiti
Published: June 2024

Village and Other districts’ roads play an important role to establish a link between the private and the commercial sector and it is beneficial for the financial growth of a nation. Govt. intended to upgrade and new construct the Village Road (VR) & Other District Road (ODR) road through Pradhan Mantri Gram Sadak Yojana (PMGSY) & Mukhya Mantri Gram Sadak Yojana (MMGSY) since 2000 therefore Structural Analysis is essential for upgrading the existing pavement performance. Conventional practice is based on the lab. outcomes but due to seasonal various required field evolution for getting correct periodic data for up gradation as well as construction of non plan road. Various techniques are available for structural evaluation of pavement. DCP (Dynamic Cone Penetration) test is a well-known practice to evaluate the strength of subsoil on the field. The DCP test is the simplest apparatus designed by Transportation Research laboratory (TRL), UK for on-field strength assessment. Presence research carries out a laboratory and field investigation on the subgrade of MMGSY road of central Gujarat, India, and also focuses on the enhancement of strength of subgrade utilization of nano materials. The relationship of DCP penetration in mm/blow with Field The California Bearing Ratio (CBR) & CBR with resilient modulus of sub grade soil (Mrs) was also established at MMGSY road for structure performance evaluation of the pavement.
Identification & Analysis of Black Spots on National Highways – A Current Scenario
Authors: Chaudhari Radhika , Khode Bhalchandra
Published: June 2024

The development of the nation’s states is said to be mostly facilitated by national highways and expressways. Because of the enormous cost associated with them, road traffic accidents have been identified as one of the unfavourable factors that contribute to the stifling of economic progress in developing countries. This raises social and economic concerns. The number of automobiles on the road increases in parallel with global population growth. Accident rates go up in direct correlation to the increase in the number of vehicles on the road. Therefore, there must be a decrease in accidents to demonstrate the safety of roadways. Subjective factors and objective aspects can be used to categorize accident causes. While objective factors include things like road conditions, road geometry, and other engineering-related elements, subjective issues mostly refer to the psychological issues of drivers and pedestrians on roads. The study of unintentional black spots focuses on the study of road safety because the two are interwoven, and if road safety is addressed, the likelihood of accidents is lowered. Therefore, it is essential to identify “black spots” and make modifications to the specific places in terms of road geometry. The primary objective of this study is to deliver a strategy along with complete investigations for the evaluation of black spots and their remediation. Thus, it is needed to take into account all of these design and safety-related considerations when engineering Indian National Highways. These factors were taken into account in a comprehensive study that presented the reality of accidents happening on various Indian roadways, along with their causes and solutions.
Estimation of Equivalency Units of Vehicles on Urban Roads for Heterogenous Traffic
Authors: Singh T , Shukla S
Published: June 2024

Nowadays, with rapidly growing economies and populations along with urbanization in the cities, there is an increasing trend in the expansion in the outskirts of the cities resulting in increasing mobilization from city to outskirts and vice versa. Eventually, the demand for road-based movements toward CBD has also increased significantly. As a result, the city’s outer rings have been facing an overburden. The vehicle composition in the city is quite different from the highways because, over the past few years, battery-run e-rickshaws have become very popular in urban transportation. The physical and dynamic characteristics of e-rickshaws are quite different from the other vehicles, however such changes in vehicle composition and dynamic characteristics of the traffic stream led to a change in traffic characteristics. The current paper aims to (a) estimate the passenger car unit (PCU) of various vehicles using different methods, (b) highlight distinctive characteristics concerning the context of PCU values in urban settings, and (c) Model selection for the estimation of the capacity of road sections based on the parametric evaluation. The Field study focused on different vehicle compositions (significantly slower vehicles, e-rickshaws), and considered urban arterials connecting to suburban arterials. Field data have been collected on mid-block sections of urban roads through the videotaping technique for the necessary analysis of PCU, macroscopic flow parameters, and level of service. The data set displayed a wide range of variations in the share of e-rickshaws and two-wheelers. Empirical investigations indicated that, as anticipated, the PCU values of e-rickshaws vary depending on various parameters, such as lane width, traffic proportions, and number of lanes. While the PCU values of all the other vehicles were in the range recommended in Indo-HCM 2017. Further, the effect of different parameters on the PCU values of the vehicle was also investigated and analysed.
Traffic Safety Improvisation – An Indian Scenario
Authors: Mogarkar Omkar , Ghodmare Sujesh
Published: June 2024

Transportation on roads provides the flow of commodities and individuals. It also helps in increasing the availability of employment, financial sectors, education, and medical care, all of which have resulted in positive impacts impact upon the wellness of individuals. Nevertheless, the growth in mobility has a significant impact on the health of individuals due to road traffic injuries. In Indian Society, road safety is a much-disputed subject. Due to unavailable data on road safety, the action that is taken against the problems is at times, it is mostly dependent on one’s opinion, while at other times it is policy-driven. Solutions for road traffic deaths and injuries (RTIs) must be multifrontal and multi-spiked in implementation. Generally, in our country, people’s perspectives are very centered on being close to a road-kill person. Traffic participant education plays a vital part in reducing road traffic deaths and injuries. Among people of all ages, Traffic mishaps are the eighth leading factor of unintentional loss of life globally. Thus, there is a need to make a system that helps make road transportation economically and socially more sustainable and decreases the figure of losses in street accidents. In this paper, we will try to review the underlying issues, the changing face of the transport environment, how these changes affect India, operating risk factors, major systematic challenges facing road safety devices, and usual techniques that add to the loss of life and frailty. This review paper will also highlight some actions that need to be employed to reduce the number of accidental deaths.
Effect of urea on the geotechnical properties of soil
Authors: Muhammad Sheikh Abbas , Jethoo Ajay Singh , Shukla Deepak , Dhoot Vartika , Kumar Ajay
Published: June 2024

Urea, a vital nitrogen source, is extensively employed as a fertilizer in the agriculturally rich Jaipur district of Rajasthan, India. This district, situated within the larger agricultural landscape of Rajasthan, serves as a key hub for crop cultivation, encompassing staples like wheat, rice, maize, and various vegetables. The accessibility of urea plays a pivotal role in sustaining crop productivity in this region.

However, the indiscriminate application of urea introduces challenges that warrant careful consideration. The overuse and mismanagement of urea in agricultural practices have the potential to trigger soil degradation and environmental contamination.

In response to these concerns, this research paper presents a comprehensive investigation into soil permeability. Soil samples were meticulously collected from the MNIT Jaipur campus, and a range of experiments were conducted to evaluate their permeability characteristics. These soil samples were purposefully tainted with varying concentrations of urea (2.5%, 5%, 10%, and 15% by dry weight), simulating real-world conditions prevalent in the Jaipur district. The study aims to shed light on the impact of urea contamination on soil permeability, providing valuable insights for sustainable agricultural practices in the region.
An Overview of Liquefaction Mitigation Countermeasures
Authors: Thakur Ishwar Chandra , Roy Lal Bahadur
Published: June 2024

The liquefaction problem and its consequences have been the major issues that have attracted the attention of the public as well as government bodies for a few decades. Bihar state belongs to the severe to extremely vulnerable seismic zones of India. Therefore, the consequential damages due to soil liquefaction are on a large scale. It is impractical and extremely difficult to prevent soil liquefaction if the susceptible zone extends to a greater depth. This paper reviewed the commonly used traditional and research trends of liquefaction mitigation countermeasures. Although traditional methods are widely used in engineering practice, the problems associated with pollution, cost, and disturbance to existing structures have become a great challenge. With continuous, progressive, and multidisciplinary research, new methods have been developed that solve all three concerns: social, economic, and environmental. The research trend is to develop methods based on the principles of passive site remediation, induced partial saturation, and microbial geotechnology.
Performance Evaluation Of Disconnected Piled Raft System Under Vertical And Lateral Loading
Authors: Arun Kumar K , Seethalakshmi P
Published: June 2024

The present study analyses the performance of Disconnected Piled Raft (DPR) foundations on soft clay soil using PLAXIS-3D under varying lateral loading conditions. A 3*3 square patterned group of piles with a layer of 1 m thickness cushion overlain by a rigid raft foundation was simulated for conducting a parametric study by varying cushion material, lateral loading, and diameter of piles under constant vertical loading of 300 kN/m2. The cushion material selected was sand and geofoam, while the diameter of the piles varied from 0.5m to 1.5m by keeping the constant centre-to-centre spacing of 2.5m among piles. The lateral loading was assumed to act at the edge-middle pile as a point load varying from 30 to 330 kN to maintain symmetric loading conditions. The findings from this research investigation concerning individual DPR piles indicate that Geofoam has the potential to serve as a viable substitute in place of sand as cushion material for a pile diameter of less than 1m.
Parametric Study of Mechanically Stabilised Earth Wall using PLAXIS
Authors: Tomar Arshika , Lohar Jagdish , Shrivastava Neha
Published: June 2024

Mechanically stabilised earth (MSE) walls made of steel and geosynthetic reinforcing elements are now well-established technologies. MSE walls have been increasingly used in many civil engineering projects over the last 25 years as it offers economical and technical advantages over conventional retaining walls. However, the agencies using the MSE wall are now concerned about its failure. This study is intended to presents a parametric investigation on a validated finite element model of an MSE wall to evaluate the effect of geogrid length, strength, and soil friction angle on wall displacements. In PLAXIS 2D, a total of 120 permutations are modelled by varying geogrid length, strength, and soil friction angle, while wall geometry, boundary conditions, water table, and loading conditions kept constant for all cases. On the basis of the results of this parametric study, charts are constructed to demonstrate how the extreme displacement of the MSE wall is affected by various factors. The outcomes of this parametric analysis offer insights about the behaviour of an MSE wall and important reference information for comprehending the design procedure and specifications for any MSE wall.
A review of non-exhaust traffic emission and its collection systems
Authors: Mangrulkar Dipak G. , Pawade Prashant Y. , Bhorkar M. P.
Published: June 2024

The urban environment has a problem with non-exhaust particulate matter, which is linked to a number of health problems. The pavement characteristics that control the emission due to abrasion wear of studded tyres, as well as due to wear of the tyres and brakes, are related to non-exhaust PM10 emissions. Resuspension of surface-accumulated road dust is a significant additional impact. In light of this, the goal of the paper is to provide a summary of road dust sources, non-exhaust PM10 emissions, the consequences of road dust on the well-being and the efforts made by various researchers to collect the road dust using dust accumulators. It is observed that exposure to road dust was damaging to the human body, particularly the respiratory system.
A Comparative Analysis of Brick Powder and Limestone as Reactive Media in Permeable Reactive Barriers for Remediation of Fluoride Contamination: Insights from Column Study
Authors: Budania Ravindra , Bhadula Prashant , Dangayach Sanyam
Published: June 2024

Groundwater quality degradation due to natural and human-induced contamination is a pressing concern. Globally, fluoride concentration exceeding the WHO recommendation of 1.5 mg/l in drinking water necessitates effective remediation for safe consumption. Permeable reactive barriers (PRBs) are explored, offering a sustainable alternative to conventional pump and treatment methods. This study investigates the potential of brick powder and limestone for efficient fluoride remediation. Column studies assess material, column height (20-60 cm), and flow rate (1.5-5 ml/min) impacts fluoride removal efficiency via breakthrough curves. Findings demonstrate prolonged column-internal residence times at reduced flow rates, enhancing material efficacy. BDST model parameter was also studied based on the breakthrough point and revealed notably lower brick powder adsorption coefficients than limestone. Brick powder requires a greater critical depth than limestone, affecting PRB’s economic feasibility. Microscopic analyses (SEM, XRD, and FTIR) provide insights into optimal mixture microstructure, phase arrangement, and composition.