bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
How TalkTalk did the walk-walk: strategic reputational repair in a cyber-attack
Authors: Boakye Derrick , Sarpong David , Meissner Dirk , Ofosu George
Published: May 2023

Purpose

Cyber-attacks that generate technical disruptions in organisational operations and damage the reputation of organisations have become all too common in the contemporary organisation. This paper explores the reputation repair strategies undertaken by organisations in the event of becoming victims of cyber-attacks.

Design/methodology/approach

For developing the authors’ contribution in the context of the Internet service providers' industry, the authors draw on a qualitative case study of TalkTalk, a British telecommunications company providing business to business (B2B) and business to customer (B2C) Internet services, which was a victim of a “significant and sustained” cyber-attack in October 2015. Data for the enquiry is sourced from publicly available archival documents such as newspaper articles, press releases, podcasts and parliamentary hearings on the TalkTalk cyber-attack.

Findings

The findings suggest a dynamic interplay of technical and rhetorical responses in dealing with cyber-attacks. This plays out in the form of marshalling communication and mortification techniques, bolstering image and riding on leader reputation, which serially combine to strategically orchestrate reputational repair and stigma erasure in the event of a cyber-attack.

Originality/value

Analysing a prototypical case of an organisation in dire straits following a cyber-attack, the paper provides a systematic characterisation of the setting-in-motion of strategic responses to manage, revamp and ameliorate damaged reputation during cyber-attacks, which tend to negatively shape the evaluative perceptions of the organisation's salient audience.
Practical considerations regarding the implementation of economic sanctions by Swiss financial service providers
Authors: Teichmann Fabian Maximilian Johannes , Wittmann Chiara
Published: May 2023

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to discuss the practical problems which Swiss financial service providers face following the government’s decision to implement economic sanctions.

Design/methodology/approach

The practical problems of implementation are based on the identified methods of circumvention in the first author’s empirical research on the mechanisms of money laundering.

Findings

Secure anti-money laundering mechanisms promote the smooth implementation of sanctions. Despite the novelty of specific sanctions requirement, it is possible to have a supportive framework in place. Also, there remain a number of practical hurdles for Swiss banks to overcome, including the pressure on sanction alignment and the significant threat of noncompliance.

Originality/value

The sanctions imposed on Russia in 2022 are largely examined either from a broad political perspective or from the finite details of a business consultancy perspective. This paper aims to reconcile both perspectives to illustrate how the concrete problems of sanction implementation becomes evident in the wider political picture.
Impact of technostress and information technology support on HRIS user satisfaction: a moderation study through technology self-efficacy
Authors: Ibrahim Hadziroh , Mohd Zin Md. Lazim , Aman-Ullah Attia , Mohd Ghazi Mohd Razif
Published: May 2023

Purpose

This research aimed to determine the relationship between technostress and information technology support (IT) and HRIS-related user satisfaction. The study also investigated the moderating influence of technological self-efficacy on the links between technostress, IT support, and HRIS user satisfaction.

Design/methodology/approach

This quantitative study used the deductive research approach. The study's population was HRIS users from 37 Malaysian public sector organizations. The judgmental sampling technique was employed, and the sample size was 490. Data analysis was conducted through SPSS and PLS-SEM.

Findings

The study showed that technostress is significantly associated with HRIS user satisfaction. While IT support, results show that literacy support, technological support, and technological involvement facilities significantly correlate with HRIS user satisfaction. In contrast, innovation support had an insignificant relationship with HRIS user satisfaction. The study also tested the moderation effect of technology self-efficacy in the relationships and found that technology self-efficacy only moderated the association of technostress and HRIS user satisfaction.

Practical implications

HR departments of government agencies can use the study's findings to understand to what extent HRIS system users are satisfied and what needs to be done to improve the HRIS system. The study also sheds light on the technological pressures that employees encounter.

Originality/value

Present study contributed to the literature by developing a study model of technostress, information technology support, technology self-efficacy, and HRIS user satisfaction. Further, the relationship of technostress with HRIS user satisfaction and the moderating effect of technology self-efficacy was explored for the first time, representing the study's novelty. The study also contributed to social cognitive theory and the theory of reasoned action by exploring attitudinal and behavioral aspects along with the cognitive aspects of users.
International oversight of fiscal discipline
Authors: FRANCHINO FABIO
Published: May 2023

Fiscal discipline, the sustainable balancing of government outlays with revenues, is one of the most extensively theorized and empirically investigated objects of inquiry in political economy. Yet, studies covering European Union (EU) countries have mostly ignored the oversight of national budgets via the EU excessive deficit procedure. I explain why this surveillance engenders lower deficits and investigate its effects across all EU member countries. Results indicate that the impact of surveillance during budget drafting offsets that of a two‐year shortening of expected government duration, the addition of one party to a government coalition when debt is high, or a leftward shift in government ideology when the risk of replacement is low. Moreover, estimates from exact matching on treatment histories indicate that these effects peak after four to five years. These findings have important normative implications for democratic policy‐making in European countries and the fledgling EU‐wide fiscal policy.
Medications for treating alcohol use disorder: A narrative review
Authors: Kranzler Henry R. , Hartwell Emily E.
Published: May 2023

Chronic heavy alcohol use impacts all major neurotransmitter systems and is associated with multiple medical, psychiatric, and social problems. Available evidence‐based medications to treat alcohol use disorder (AUD) are underutilized in clinical practice. These medications promote abstinence or reduce alcohol consumption, though there are questions regarding their optimal dosage, length of treatment, and utility in combination with one another. Pharmacogenetic approaches, which use a patient's genetic make‐up to inform medication selection, have garnered great interest but have yet to yield results robust enough to incorporate them in routine clinical care. This narrative review summarizes the evidence both for medications approved by the Food and Drug Administration (disulfiram, oral naltrexone, acamprosate, and extended‐release naltrexone) and those commonly used off‐label (e.g., gabapentin, baclofen, and topiramate) for AUD treatment. We discuss these drugs' mechanisms of action, clinical use, pharmacogenetic findings, and treatment recommendations. We conclude that the most consistent evidence supporting the pharmacotherapy of AUD is for the opioid antagonists, naltrexone and nalmefene (which is not approved in the United States), and topiramate. These medications demonstrate consistent small or moderate effects in reducing the frequency of drinking and/or heavy drinking. Lastly, we make suggestions for research needed to refine and expand the current literature on effective pharmacotherapy for AUD.
γδ‐T cell with high toxic potential was associated with recurrent miscarriage
Authors: Xiao Huan , Lin Rong , Chen Cong , Lian Ruochun , Wu Yulian , Diao Lianghui , Yin Tailang , Huang Chunyu
Published: May 2023

Problem

RM is a common clinical disease in reproduction, affecting approximately 1%–3% of women worldwide. Previous studies have shown the role of peripheral blood γδ‐T cells during physiological pregnancy. However, the relationship between the immune status of peripheral blood γδ‐T cells and RM is still not well defined.

Method of Study

In this study, mid‐luteal peripheral blood from 51 RM patients and 40 healthy women was collected to determine the immune status of γδ‐T cells. The percentage of peripheral blood γδ‐T cells, and the molecules mediating their toxic potential, including cytotoxic granules (perforin, granzyme B, and granulysin) and receptors (NKG2D, CD158a, and CD158b), were detected by flow cytometry.

Results

Compared to healthy control, an increase in the proportion of total CD3+ T cells in lymphocytes and a decrease in the ratio of γδ‐T cells to CD3+ T cells were observed in patients with RM. The percentages of granzyme B+ γδ‐T cells and CD158a+ γδ‐T cells in total γδ‐T cells or lymphocytes were significantly increased in patients with RM, compared with healthy control. Conversely, CD158b+ γδ‐T cells in total γδ‐T cells or lymphocytes were significantly decreased in the RM group.

Conclusion

Increased peripheral blood γδ‐T cell with high toxic potential was associated with RM.
Ultrasound discrimination between placenta accreta spectrum and urinary bladder varices
Authors: Adu‐Bredu Theophilus K. , Collins Sally L. , Nieto‐Calvache Albaro José
Published: May 2023

Distinguishing between urinary bladder varices and retroplacental neovascularization in placenta accreta spectrum in high‐risk patients with placental previa is a diagnostic challenge since they have similar appearances on prenatal ultrasound. Placenta accreta spectrum is associated with massive obstetric haemorrhage while the presence of urinary bladder varices in pregnancy poses a lower surgical risk. Since the clinical implications and management approach for both conditions are entirely different, false positive diagnoses have iatrogenic consequences. In this article, we share our experiences in differentiating these two phenomena on prenatal ultrasound supported by ultrasound and intraoperative images.
The day Mugabe died
Authors: Golomski Casey
Published: May 2023

On the day of Robert Mugabe's death, a group of white former colonists living at an old‐age home participates in Bible study and reflects on the past, present, and future. They show us that no one makes it to the end of the road in total virtue and that survival can be a loss.
Internal carotid artery injury during endoscopic endonasal surgery for skull base pathologies: an institutional incidence, management, and outcome
Authors: Iranmehr Arad , Sarpoolaki Mohammad Kazem , Sadrehosseini Seyed Mousa , Tabari Azin , Zeinalizadeh Mehdi
Published: May 2023

Background

Endoscopic endonasal surgery (EES) has become a popular approach to deal with skull base pathologies. The most catastrophic intra‐operative complication of EES is internal carotid artery (ICA) injury. We aim to discuss and introduce our institutional experience with ICA injury during EES.

Methods

A retrospective review of patients who underwent EES from 2013 to 2022 was performed to determine the incidence and outcomes of intraoperative ICA injuries.

Results

There were six patients (0.56%) with intraoperative ICA injury in our institution during the last 10 years. Fortunately, there was no morbidity or mortality in our patients with intraoperative ICA injuries. The sites of injury were equally in paraclival, cavernous sinus, and preclinoidal segments of ICA.

Conclusion

Primary prevention is the best solution for this condition. Regarding our institutional experience, the best option for primary management just after an injury is packing the surgical site. In cases where packing is not enough for temporary control of bleeding, common carotid artery occlusion should be considered. We have presented our experience and reviewed previous studies regarding different treatments and suggested our intra and post‐operative management algorithm.
Counterfactual choices and moral judgments in children
Authors: Gautam Shalini , Owen Hall Ruby , Suddendorf Thomas , Redshaw Jonathan
Published: May 2023

When making moral judgments of past actions, adults often think counterfactually about what could have been done differently. Considerable evidence suggests that counterfactual thinking emerges around age 6, but it remains unknown how this development influences children's moral judgments. Across two studies, Australian children aged 4–9 (N = 236, 142 Females) were told stories about two characters who had a choice that led to a good or bad outcome, and two characters who had no choice over a good or bad outcome. Results showed that 4‐ and 5‐year‐olds’ moral judgments were influenced only by the actual outcome. From age 6, children's moral judgments were also influenced by the counterfactual choices that had been available to the characters.
Patients with positive patch test to formaldehyde can be safely vaccinated with formaldehyde‐containing vaccines
Authors: Bindslev‐Jensen Ulla , Mortz Charlotte G. , Andersen Klaus E. , Bindslev‐Jensen Carsten
Published: May 2023

Background

Prophylactic vaccination against influenza and other epidemic viruses is recommended for citizens above 65 years. Several vaccines may contain traces of formaldehyde and are contra‐indicated in patients hypersensitive (in the broadest possible meaning) to formaldehyde. Thorough knowledge on the various subtypes of hypersensitivity is sparse among non‐dermatologists and non‐allergists, and therefore many patients are prevented from vaccination based on a positive patch test to formaldehyde. The purpose of this retrospective study was to investigate whether patients with positive patch test to formaldehyde subsequently receiving a formaldehyde‐containing vaccine and developed a severe adverse reaction.

Methods/Materials

From January 2000 to June 2021, 169 patients (>50 years) had a positive formaldehyde patch test at the Department of Dermatology and Allergy Center, Odense University Hospital and were included into this retrospective study. The electronic medical record was assessed for receipt of a formaldehyde‐containing vaccine after patch test and for subsequent contact with the Acute Ward in the Region of Southern Denmark within 14 days after vaccination.

Results

Of the 158 patients residing in the Region of Southern Denmark, 130 patients were vaccinated with one or more formaldehyde‐containing vaccines of whom 123 received an influenza vaccine. No contacts to the acute wards were identified.

Discussion

Although prospective studies would be beneficial, patients with positive patch test to formaldehyde can be safely vaccinated with formaldehyde‐containing vaccines.
Contact sensitizers in commercial hair dye products in the Indian market: A consumer exposure study
Authors: Palaniappan Vijayasankar , Murthy Aravind Baskar , Sadhasivamohan Anusuya , Karthikeyan Kaliaperumal
Published: May 2023

Background

Hair dye is a concoction of various ingredients that can result in allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) which is a common problem encountered by dermatologists.

Objectives

To find out the presence of potent contact sensitizers in commercially available hair dyes in Puducherry, a union territory in South India, and to compare the findings with similar studies conducted in different countries.

Methods

Ingredients labels of 159 hair dye products from 30 brands that were manufactured and marketed in India screened for the presence of contact sensitizers.

Results

A total of 25 potent contact sensitizers were found in 159 hair dye products. p‐Phenylenediamine and resorcinol were the most frequent contact sensitizer found in the study. The mean contact sensitizer concentration in a single hair dye product is 3.72 ± 1.81. The number of potent contact sensitizers in individual hair dye products ranged from 1 to 10.

Conclusion

We observed that most of the consumer‐available hair dyes contain multiple contact sensitizers. Also, an inadequacy in mentioning the p‐Phenylenediamine content, and appropriate warning contents regarding hair dye use were not mentioned in the cartons.
Structured decision making to navigate trade‐offs between multiple conservation values in threatened grasslands
Authors: Regan T. J. , MacHunter J. , Sinclair S. J. , Bruce M. J. , Neil J. , Parker E. , Nam B.
Published: May 2023

Managing biodiversity often requires making difficult trade‐offs, especially when threatened species and ecosystems overlap in their distributions, and management actions to promote their persistence varies between them. Trade‐offs reflect preferences and how much decision makers are willing to give up in benefits for one objective in exchange for gains in other objectives. Despite the increase of tools for exploring trade‐offs, decisions are often made without clear specification of preferences among objectives, reducing transparency and limiting clear communication of the rationale behind decisions. We used structured decision making to navigate trade‐offs between ecological objectives and management costs across three conservation reserves of protected grasslands in Victoria, Australia. The objectives included four nationally listed threatened species, two nationally listed threatened ecosystems, a group of locally threatened and rare non‐listed species and management costs. Alternative management strategies included various combinations of fire management and weed control. The consequences of alternatives were estimated using stochastic models, empirical data and expert judgment. Context dependent preferences were elicited using swing weighting from nine decision makers and stakeholders. While all species and ecosystems are valued, how they are weighted, and the resulting preferred management strategy is context dependent. Weights were variable across participants for all objectives. There was stronger alignment of weights for one of the ecosystems, Natural Temperate Grasslands, than other objectives. One of the threatened species, striped legless lizard, tended to be weighted higher than other ecological objectives, while management costs had the lowest weights. Stakeholder's weightings for objectives varied, however the influence on the rank order of management strategies was minimal. The structured approach to navigate trade‐offs identified management strategies that best address stakeholder preferences across multiple objectives. This approach offers improvements in evidence‐based decision making and provides a transparent and defensible rationale for selecting management interventions that considers all relevant objectives.
Clinicopathologic and genetic characterization of invasive melanoma with BRAFV600K mutation: A study of 16 cases
Authors: Goto Keisuke , Yoshikawa Shusuke , Takai Toshihiro , Tachibana Kota , Honma Keiichiro , Isei Taiki , Kukita Yoji , Oishi Takuma
Published: May 2023

Background

The clinicopathologic and genetic features of cutaneous melanoma with a BRAF V600K mutation are not well‐known. We aimed to evaluate these characteristics in comparison with those associated with BRAF V600E.

Methods

Real‐time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and/or the MassARRAY® system were used to detect BRAF V600K in 16 invasive melanomas and confirm BRAF V600E in another 60 cases. Immunohistochemistry and panel next‐generation sequencing were used to evaluate protein expression and tumor mutation burden, respectively.

Results

The median age of melanoma patients harboring the BRAF V600K mutation (72.5 years) was higher than those with the BRAF V600E (58.5 years). The two groups also differed in sex (13/16 [81.3%] male in the V600K group vs. 23/60 [38.3%] in V600E) and in the frequency of scalp involvement (8/16 [50.0%] in V600K vs. 1/60 [1.6%] in V600E). The clinical appearance was similar to a superficial spreading melanoma. Histopathologically, non‐nested lentiginous intraepidermal spread and subtle solar elastosis were observed. One patient (1/13, 7.7%) had a pre‐existing intradermal nevus. Diffuse PRAME immunoexpression was seen in only one (14.3%) of seven tested cases. Loss of p16 expression was observed in all 12 cases (100%) analyzed. The tumor mutation burden was 8 and 6 mutations/Mb in the two tested cases.

Conclusions

Melanoma carrying the BRAF V600K mutation showed the predominance on the scalp of elderly men, lentiginous intraepidermal growth, subtle solar elastosis, possible existence of intradermal nevus component, frequent loss of p16 immunoexpression, limited immunoreactivity for PRAME, and intermediate tumor mutation burden.
Orofacial manifestations of child maltreatment: A review
Authors: Spiller Lora R.
Published: May 2023

The recognition and reporting of child abuse and neglect continues to be a challenge in the healthcare setting. All healthcare providers, including dentists, should be aware of the high prevalence of orofacial injuries and conditions that are concerning for abuse and neglect. Sentinel injuries may appear trivial and do not require medical attention, but are unlikely caused by accidental mechanisms and, if not properly identified, often precede more severe abusive injuries. Concerning orofacial findings can manifest as bruising, eye injuries, intraoral injuries, pharyngeal perforations, facial bone fractures, and sexually transmitted infections. Abusive caregivers are likely to give inadequate explanations or no history at all to explain concerning findings. Medical providers' failure to make mandated reports about their concerns to the appropriate agencies can have significant long‐term impacts on the physical and psychological well‐being of children.
Ocrelizumab extended‐interval dosing in multiple sclerosis during SARS‐CoV‐2 pandemic: a real‐world experience
Authors: Guerrieri Simone , Bucca Chiara , Nozzolillo Agostino , Genchi Angela , Zanetta Chiara , Cetta Ilaria , Rugarli Giulia , Gattuso Irene , Azzimonti Matteo , Rocca Maria Assunta , Moiola Lucia , Filippi Massimo ,   for the SanRaf MS Study Group
Published: May 2023

Background and purpose

During the COVID‐19 pandemic, ocrelizumab administration was frequently postponed because of a lack of safety information and to favour vaccination. The clinical implications of ocrelizumab administration delay in multiple sclerosis (MS) patients were assessed.

Methods

Relapsing (RMS) and primary progressive (PPMS) MS patients receiving ocrelizumab for at least 6 months at our centre were retrospectively classified, according to the possible occurrence of a delay (≥4 weeks) in treatment administration. Patients were categorized in the extended‐interval dosing (EID) group in the presence of at least one delayed infusion; otherwise they were considered as part of the standard interval dosing (SID) cohort. MS history, magnetic resonance imaging examinations and B‐cell counts were also retrospectively collected and analysed.

Results

A total of 213 RMS and 61 PPMS patients were enrolled; 115 RMS and 29 PPMS patients had been treated according to the SID regimen, whilst 98 RMS and 32 PPMS patients were included in the EID cohort. Average follow‐up after delay was 1.28 ± 0.7 years in the EID cohort. In RMS, comparing SID and EID patients, no differences were found considering the occurrence of clinical relapses (9.6% vs. 16.3%, p = 0.338), magnetic resonance imaging activity (9.8% vs. 14.1%, p = 0.374) or disability progression (11.3% vs. 18.4%, p = 0.103). Similar findings were observed in PPMS patients. In the pooled EID group, treatment delay correlated with CD19‐positive relative (r = 0.530, p < 0.001) and absolute (r = 0.491, p < 0.001) cell counts, without implications on disease activity.

Conclusions

Sporadic ocrelizumab administration delay granted sustained treatment efficacy in our cohort. Prospective data should be obtained to confirm these observations and set up systematic extended‐interval regimens.
Integrated psychological care services within seizure settings: Key components and implementation factors among example services in fourILAEregions: A report by theILAEPsychiatry Commission
Authors: Gandy Milena , Michaelis Rosa , Acraman Jayne , Donald Kirsten A. , Fitzpatrick Michael , LaFrance W. Curt , Margolis Seth A. , Modi Avani C. , Reuber Markus , Tang Venus , Thayer Zoe , Verity Kirsten , Wagner Janelle L. , Wilmshurst Jo , Whittaker Sarah , Munger Clary Heidi M.
Published: May 2023

Mental health comorbidities are prevalent and problematic in patients with seizures but often suboptimally managed. To address common gaps in care, the Integrated Mental Health Care Pathways Task Force of the International League Against Epilepsy (ILAE) Psychiatry Commission was tasked with providing education and guidance on the integration of mental health management (e.g., screening, referral, treatment) into routine seizure care. This report aims to describe a variety of established services in this area, with a specific focus on psychological care models. Services were identified by members of the ILAE Psychiatry Commission and authors of psychological intervention trials in epilepsy. A total of eight services met inclusion criteria and agreed to be showcased. They include three pediatric and five adult services located across four distinct ILAE regions (Europe, North America, Africa, Asia Oceania). The report describes the core operations, known outcomes, and implementation factors (i.e., barriers and facilitators) of these services. The report concludes with a set of practical tips for building successful psychological care services within seizure settings, including the importance of having local champions, clearly defining the scope of the service, and establishing sustainable funding models. The breadth of exemplars demonstrates how models tailored to the local environment and resources can be implemented. This report is an initial step to disseminate information regarding integrated mental health care within seizure care settings. Future work is needed to systematically examine both psychological and pharmacological care models and to further establish the evidence base in this area, especially around clinical impact, and cost‐effectiveness.
Determinants of the cabinet size in presidential systems
Authors: Albala Adrián , Clerici Paula , Olivares Alejandro
Published: May 2023

The composition of cabinets under presidential regimes has constituted one of the top topics of the litterature in political science in recent years. However, nothing has been said about the proper size of those cabinets. That is, why some cabinets are 37 ministers large when other is formed by just 13 members? We carry on a theory of cabinet size under presidential regimes, using insights from both parliamentarist and presidentialist literature. Our model is composed of five hypotheses relying on an original dataset of 161 observations across 19 presidential countries of the Americas. Our main finding is that the inclusion of independents and/or technocrats impacts significantly on lowering cabinets' size.
Acceptability of prenatal diagnosis and prenatal treatment of haemophilia using cell and gene therapies within US haemophilia community
Authors: Pham Quan D. M. , Thomson Sharon M. , Schaible Burk N. , Mills Kevin D. , Atala Anthony , Porada Christopher D. , Almeida‐Porada Graça
Published: May 2023

Background

The overall burden of disease in persons with haemophilia continues to be high despite the latest advancements in therapeutics. Clinical trials testing prenatal treatments for several genetic disorders are underway or are recruiting subjects, attesting to the much‐needed change in paradigm of how patients with monogenic disorders can be treated. Here we investigate the overall attitude towards prenatal diagnosis, preferences on types of prenatal therapies for haemophilia, the level of 'acceptable' risk tolerated, and which social and moral pressures or disease personal experiences may predict willingness of individuals to consider foetal therapy in a future pregnancy.

Results

A multidisciplinary team designed the survey, and the study was carried out using REDCap, and publicized through the National Haemophilia Foundation. Subjects ≥18 years of age were eligible to participate in the study. We assessed participants’ attitudes towards prenatal therapy and their level of 'acceptable' risk towards the procedure and therapy. The survey was completed by 67 adults, the majority females. Respondents were willing to undergo prenatal diagnosis, and their main concerns related to the well‐being of the pregnant woman and the foetus regarding lasting therapeutic efficacy, side effects of the therapy, and procedural risks, but they were likely to accept a wide range of prenatal therapeutic options, particularly if the foetal therapy proved to be long‐lasting and safe.

Conclusions

These data demonstrate the willingness of persons with haemophilia, and the haemophilia community, to explore new treatment options beyond the currently offered approaches.
Does universities' posting strategy influence their social media engagement? An analysis of the top‐ranked higher education institutions in different countries
Authors: Capriotti Paul , Martínez‐Gras Rodolfo , Zeler Ileana
Published: May 2023

To ensure the widespread dissemination of information and to foster interaction and dialogue with users, higher education institutions need to develop an active profile on the social networks. This paper analyses the influence of universities' posting strategy on their followers' engagement (reaction, virality and conversation) by measuring the level of activity and type of presence on their social networks. A content analysis was conducted to analyse 90,000 posts by 70 universities from Europe, the United States and Latin America on their institutional profiles on Twitter, Facebook and LinkedIn. The universities' posting activity on their social media is moderate (with an overall mean of 7.04 posts per day), but the interaction rate is very low (0.237), far below the recommended levels of engagement. Notably, increased activity by universities on social networks does not lead to greater engagement but points to an inverse relationship between the two. Our findings also indicate that university‐created content (UCC) achieves a higher level of engagement ( = 169.41) than university‐shared content (USC) ( = 126.18). This study explores the effect of universities' posting strategy dimensions on their follower's interaction.
Optimizing the design and implementation of question prompt lists to support person‐centred care: A scoping review
Authors: Ramlakhan Jessica U. , Dhanani Shazia , Berta Whitney B. , Gagliardi Anna R.
Published: May 2023

Introduction

Question prompt lists (QPLs) are lists of questions that patients may want to discuss with clinicians. QPLs support person‐centred care and have been associated with many beneficial outcomes including improved patient question‐asking, and the amount and quality of the information provided by clinicians. The purpose of this study was to review published research on QPLs to explore how QPL design and implementation can be optimized.

Methods

We performed a scoping review by searching MEDLINE, EMBASE, Scopus, CINAHL, Cochrane Library and Joanna Briggs Database from inception to 8 May 2022, for English language studies of any design that evaluated QPLs. We used summary statistics and text to report study characteristics, and QPL design and implementation.

Results

We included 57 studies published from 1988 to 2022 by authors in 12 countries on a range of clinical topics. Of those, 56% provided the QPL, but few described how QPLs were developed. The number of questions varied widely (range 9–191). Most QPLs were single‐page handouts (44%) but others ranged from 2 to 33 pages. Most studies implemented a QPL alone with no other accompanying strategy; most often in a print format before consultations by mail (18%) or in the waiting room (66%). Both patients and clinicians identified numerous benefits to patients of QPLs (e.g., increased patient confidence to ask questions, and patient satisfaction with communication or care received; and reduced anxiety about health status or treatment). To support use, patients desired access to QPLs in advance of clinician visits, and clinicians desired information/training on how to use the QPL and answer questions. Most (88%) studies reported at least one beneficial impact of QPLs. This was true even for single‐page QPLs with few questions unaccompanied by other implementation strategies. Despite favourable views of QPLs, few studies assessed outcomes amongst clinicians.

Conclusion

This review identified QPL characteristics and implementation strategies that may be associated with beneficial outcomes. Future research should confirm these findings via systematic review and explore the benefits of QPLs from the clinician's perspective.

Patient/Public Contribution

Following this review, we used the findings to develop a QPL on hypertensive disorders of pregnancy and interviewed women and clinicians about QPL design including content, format, enablers and barriers of use, and potential outcomes including beneficial impacts and possible harms (will be published elsewhere).
Mössbauer study of the black‐glazed Jian bowl in the Song dynasty
Authors: Gong Chenying , Lu Zeyi , Shen Jiyu , Zhang Qinghang , Cao Huanhuan , Liu Guoqing , Wu Zhongjin , Zhou Kexuan , Xia Yanfang , Liu Min
Published: May 2023

Jian ware, also known as “Tenmoku,” is one of the famous black‐glazed porcelains in China. It was highly coveted in the Song dynasty (960–1279 AD) and was also a tribute to the royal family. The black‐glazed Jian wares are mainly made from iron‐rich clay. In this study, black‐glazed Jian bowl sherds excavated from the Song strata of Jian kiln sites were adopted as test samples. The iron phase and firing techniques of the black‐glazed Jian bowl from the Song dynasty were analyzed and discussed through Mössbauer spectroscopy on the both of body and glaze, together with X‐ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. According to the different iron content and the unique iron oxide phase reflected in the Mössbauer spectra, we analyzed the firing atmosphere, temperature, and other conditions of the ancient Jian bowl, as well as the difference of iron phase between the body and the glaze layer due to the collapse of the silicate framework. It provides new ideas for deciphering the firing technology and improving the synthesis of ancient black‐glazed Jian wares.
Resistant starch in common beans: Concentration, characteristics, uses and health effects. A systematic map and review of the studies from 1962 to 2023
Authors: Bozkır Eda , Santamarina Chiara , Mariotti Marco , Saia Sergio
Published: May 2023

Information on the resistant starch (RS) of the common bean seed, its concentration and health effects are scarce. RS is a starch fraction partly resistant to the digestive enzymes, thus acting as a food fibre. Through a systematic map of the RS concentration in common bean on scopus and web of science databases, we found 1978 records, of which 108 papers reporting information on the Composition or Characterisation (seventy‐four papers), Digestion/fermentation (thirty‐two papers) and Health issues (twenty‐three papers) and sixty‐two on the RS concentration of the crude common bean dry seed. We found that mean RS concentration in common bean is 16.4% (median = 12.2%) with a high‐standard deviation (12.8%). Common bean was compared with the other legumes in thirty‐four reports and to cereals in seventeen reports, and in three papers to either banana or potato. We found that reports on the industrial uses of bean RS and on the agronomic, environmental and genetic determinants of RS accumulation in common beans are very scarce. The ability to modulate RS concentration in beans can have different implications for countries with variable food calories or food fibre demand.
Positive effect of leptin substitution on mood and behaviour in patients with congenital leptin deficiency
Authors: von Schnurbein Julia , Remy Miriam , Brandt Stephanie , Manzoor Jaida , Kohlsdorf Katja , Mahmood Saqib , Hebebrand Johannes , Wabitsch Martin
Published: May 2023

Background

States of starvation are characterized by reduced physical activity and social withdrawal. This has been suggested to be mediated at least in part via reduced leptin concentrations.

Objective

We therefore aimed to ascertain if leptin substitution in patients with congenital leptin deficiency (CLD) can improve physical activity and mood.

Methods

Seven patients with CLD were filmed prior to and after short‐ and long‐term substitution (2–21 days; 3–4 months) in a play situation. Six independent, blinded investigators ranked each video according to specifically developed scales concerning motor activity, social interaction, emotionality, and mood with higher scores representing improvements.

Results

Short term metreleptin substitution significantly increased mean total score from 17.7 ± 4.1 to 22.6 ± 6.6 (p = 0.039), and mean scores for motor activity (4.1 ± 1.1 to 5.1 ± 1.5, p = 0.023) and social interaction (4.6 ± 1.1 to 6.2 ± 1.7, p = 0.016). After long term substitution means of all four single scales and of total score were even higher than at short‐term follow‐up.

During a treatment pause of 3 months in two children, all four scale scores fell below substitution levels and rose again after restart.

Conclusions

Metreleptin substitution improved indices of physical activity and psychological wellbeing in patients with CLD. This suggests that reduced leptin concentrations might be in part responsible for emotional and behavioural changes seen during starvation.
Design and selection of solar‐powered Peltier‐based cooling neera (coconut sap) collecting system
Authors: Singh Chingakham Ngotomba , R Vidyalakshmi , N Venkatachalapathy , Anand M Tito
Published: May 2023

The fresh sap harvested from the unbloomed inflorescence of the adult spadix of coconut tree (Cocus nucifera L.) is known as “neera.” It must be collected below room temperature to prevent naturally occurring fermentation. The study aims to design and choose the Peltier cooling neera collection system (PCNCS) for integration with the neera tapping machine. With a 12 V 6 A Peltier module powered by a direct current, this collecting system operates via the Peltier effect. In each of the four designs, two Peltier modules were used. Since the heatsink and fan must be fixed in each design, they have unique dimensions and capabilities. A 305 W solar panel powers the system, charging a 12 V 100 Ah lead‐acid battery. The test was conducted for 210 min by dispensing a 219 mL sample of neera from a plastic drip bottle at a flow rate of 1.5 liters per day. The design boxes include a variety of models, including elongated cuboidal boxes, cuboidal boxes, cubic boxes, and triangular prism boxes. The corresponding designs reached temperatures of 16.5, 19, 22, 20, and 18°C. Two alternative Peltier fixing position models were applied in the cubic box design. Among the four potential designs, the elongated cuboidal box with a COP of 0.7323 has been chosen since its trial result shows the lowest temperature.

Practical Applications

The Solar‐powered Peltier‐based cooling neera collecting system can be used to collect the unfermented neera and store the harvested neera for a specific time. The cooling collection system can help the tapper collect the neera without climbing the coconut tree. It can also reduce the labor charge from the daily climbing of coconut trees to harvest neera. The designed system allows us to serve the neera in a short period because it is collected and discharged frequently. Also help to the farmers to increasing their economy by means reducing the operating cost.
Pathogenesis of endometrium‐related diseases based on genomic alterations in normal uterine endometrium
Authors: Yoshihara Kosuke
Published: May 2023

The human endometrium is a dynamically remodeling tissue that undergoes more than 400 cycles of regeneration, differentiation, shedding, and rapid healing during a woman's reproductive years. The endometrium is also the origin of various gynecologic diseases, such as endometriosis, adenomyosis, and uterine corpus cancer. Cancer‐associated gene mutations are detected in endometriosis, adenomyosis, and normal endometrium. Some reports have demonstrated that the accumulation of genomic alterations is a critical carcinogenic mechanism in the progression from normal endometrium to ovarian clear cell carcinoma via endometriosis. In this review, we discuss the clinical importance of genomic alterations in the normal endometrium, contributing to the elucidation of the pathogenesis of endometrium‐related diseases.
Global eco‐innovation and its local impact in emerging economies: Boundary conditions of environmental regulations and pollution intensity
Authors: Wang Chengang , Wei Yingqi , Wu Lichao
Published: May 2023

This paper examines the eco‐innovation effects of foreign direct investment (FDI) by its economic agents, multinational enterprises (MNEs), in the context of emerging economies. It particularly focuses on environmental regulations and industrial pollution intensity as the key moderating mechanisms. We develop hypotheses by combining economic rationality of natural‐resource‐based view and institutional rationality of institution‐based view. Our theoretical discussions highlight the importance of the intersection between the two theories in explaining the eco‐innovation effects of foreign ownership and FDI spillovers, and in particular in allowing a nuanced consideration around the under‐explored boundary conditions of FDI effects in the eco‐innovation domain. Using the propensity score matching method to match domestically owned enterprises (DOEs) with foreign MNE‐invested enterprises (FIEs) in China during the period of 2001–2013, we find clear evidence that FIEs outperform their domestic counterparts of similar characteristics in conducting eco‐innovation. This superior performance is particularly pronounced in cities with higher levels of environmental regulation and industries with higher levels of pollution. Furthermore, we assess the local impact of MNEs on eco‐innovation of DOEs and find evidence that the presence of FDI, in particular, that within cities, leads to increased eco‐innovation in DOEs. FIEs' eco‐innovation spillover effects within a city are conditional on environmental regulation and pollution intensity. Thus, in China, MNEs are found to act as agents of change who not only conduct eco‐innovation in the host country but also stimulate the eco‐innovation of DOEs.
Efficacy and safety of adenotonsillectomy in the management of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome in children with Down syndrome: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Li Yixuan , Du Jihong , Yin Hongyu , Wang Yang
Published: May 2023

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is commonly observed in children with Down syndrome (DS) and may affect their physical and psychological development. Currently, adenotonsillectomy is the first line treatment option for paediatric patients with OSA. However, surgical outcomes for such patients are not satisfactory. In this study, we analysed the efficacy and safety of adenotonsillectomy in the treatment of children with obstructive sleep apnea and Down syndrome. We systematically searched the PubMed, Web of Science, EMBASE, and the Cochrane databases and pooled data from nine relevant studies involving 384 participants. Subsequently, we analysed four outcomes in polysomnography, namely: net postoperative changes in the apnea–hypopnea index (AHI), the minimum oxygen saturation, sleep efficiency, and arousal index. Meta‐analysis of the AHI showed a decrease of 7.18 events/h [95% CI (−9.69, −4.67) events/h; p < 0.00001] and an increase in the minimum oxygen saturation of 3.14% [95% CI (1.44, 4.84) %; p = 0.0003]. There was no significant increase in sleep efficiency [MD 1.69%, 95% CI (−0.59, 3.98) %; p = 0.15], but the arousal index significantly decreased by −3.21 events/hour [95% CI (−6.04, −0.38) events/h; p < 0.03]. In addition, the overall success rate was 16% (95% CI, 12%–21%) for postoperative AHI < 1 and 57% (95% CI, 51%–63%) for postoperative AHI <5. The postoperative complications recorded included airway obstruction and bleeding. This study demonstrated the efficacy of adenotonsillectomy as a treatment option for OSA. However, it is important to note that residual OSA and potential postoperative complications require further attention in future studies.
Trading under the proof‐of‐stake protocol – A continuous‐time control approach
Authors: Tang Wenpin , Yao David D.
Published: May 2023

We develop a continuous‐time control approach to optimal trading in a Proof‐of‐Stake (PoS) blockchain, formulated as a consumption‐investment problem that aims to strike the optimal balance between a participant's (or agent's) utility from holding/trading stakes and utility from consumption. We present solutions via dynamic programming and the Hamilton–Jacobi–Bellman (HJB) equations. When the utility functions are linear or convex, we derive close‐form solutions and show that the bang‐bang strategy is optimal (i.e., always buy or sell at full capacity). Furthermore, we bring out the explicit connection between the rate of return in trading/holding stakes and the participant's risk‐adjusted valuation of the stakes. In particular, we show when a participant is risk‐neutral or risk‐seeking, corresponding to the risk‐adjusted valuation being a martingale or a sub‐martingale, the optimal strategy must be to either buy all the time, sell all the time, or first buy then sell, and with both buying and selling executed at full capacity. We also propose a risk‐control version of the consumption‐investment problem; and for a special case, the “stake‐parity” problem, we show a mean‐reverting strategy is optimal.
Vascularization underlies differences in sexually selected skin coloration in a wild primate
Authors: DeLacey Patricia M. , Sen Sharmi , Schneider‐Crease India A. , Chiou Kenneth L. , Lemma Alemayehu , Ayele Ferehiwot , Haile Abebaw Azanaw , Lu Amy , Bergman Thore J. , Beehner Jacinta C. , Snyder‐Mackler Noah
Published: May 2023

Male reproductive competition can select for condition‐dependent, conspicuous traits that signal some aspect of fighting ability and facilitate assessment of potential rivals. However, the underlying mechanisms that link the signal to a male's current condition are difficult to investigate in wild populations, often requiring invasive experimental manipulation. Here, we use digital photographs and chest skin samples to investigate the mechanisms of a visual signal used in male competition in a wild primate, the red chest patch in geladas (Theropithecus gelada). We analysed photographs collected during natural (n = 144) and anaesthetized conditions (n = 38) to understand variability in male and female chest redness, and we used chest skin biopsies (n = 38) to explore sex differences in gene expression. Male and female geladas showed similar average redness, but males exhibited a wider within‐individual range in redness under natural conditions. These sex differences were also reflected at the molecular level, with 10.5% of genes exhibiting significant sex differences in expression. Subadult males exhibited intermediate gene expression patterns between adult males and females, pointing to mechanisms underlying the development of the red chest patch. We found that genes more highly expressed in males were associated with blood vessel development and maintenance but not with androgen or oestrogen activity. Together, our results suggest male gelada redness variability is driven by increased blood vessel branching in the chest skin, providing a potential link between male chest redness and current condition as increased blood circulation to exposed skin could lead to heat loss in the cold, high‐altitude environment of geladas.