bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Phase Gradients and Anisotropy of the Suprachiasmatic Network: Discovery of Phaseoids
Authors: Yoshikawa Tomoko , Pauls Scott , Foley Nicholas , Taub Alana , LeSauter Joseph , Foley Duncan , Honma Ken-Ichi , Honma Sato , Silver Rae
Published: August 2021

Biological neural networks operate at several levels of granularity, from the individual neuron to local neural circuits to networks of thousands of cells. The daily oscillation of the brain’s master clock in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) rests on a yet to be identified network of connectivity among its ∼20,000 neurons. The SCN provides an accessible model to explore neural organization at several levels of organization. To relate cellular to local and global network behaviors, we explore network topology by examining SCN slices in three orientations using immunochemistry, light and confocal microscopy, real-time imaging, and mathematical modeling. Importantly, the results reveal small local groupings of neurons that form intermediate structures, here termed “phaseoids,” which can be identified through stable local phase differences of varying magnitude among neighboring cells. These local differences in phase are distinct from the global phase relationship, namely that between individual cells and the mean oscillation of the overall SCN. The magnitude of the phaseoids’ local phase differences is associated with a global phase gradient observed in the SCN’s rostral-caudal extent. Modeling results show that a gradient in connectivity strength can explain the observed gradient of phaseoid strength, an extremely parsimonious explanation for the heterogeneous oscillatory structure of the SCN.
Coordination through Inhibition: Control of Stabilizing and Updating Circuits in Spatial Orientation Working Memory
Authors: Han Rui , Huang Hsuan-Pei , Chuang Chia-Lung , Yen Hung-Hsiu , Kao Wei-Tse , Chang Hui-Yun , Lo Chung-Chuan
Published: August 2021

Spatial orientation memory plays a crucial role in animal navigation. Recent studies of tetheredDrosophila melanogaster(fruit fly) in a virtual reality setting showed that the head direction is encoded in the form of an activity bump, i.e., localized neural activity, in the torus-shaped ellipsoid body (EB). However, how this system is involved in orientation working memory is not well understood. We investigated this question using free moving flies (D. melanogaster) in a spatial orientation memory task by manipulating two EB subsystems, C and P circuits, which are hypothesized for stabilizing and updating the activity bump, respectively. To this end, we suppressed or activated two types of inhibitory ring neurons (EIP and P) which innervate EB, and we discovered that manipulating the two inhibitory neuron types produced distinct behavioral deficits, suggesting specific roles of the inhibitory neurons in coordinating the stabilization and updating functions of the EB circuits. We further elucidate the neural mechanisms underlying such control circuits using a connectome-constrained spiking neural network model.
A Chinese survey on clinical practice in hyperthyroidism management: comparison with recent studies and guidelines
Authors: Wang Xichang , Teng Xiaochun , Li Chenyan , Li Yushu , Li Jing , Teng Weiping , Shan Zhongyan , Lai Yaxin
Published: August 2021

Objective

To conduct a questionnaire survey of the current clinical practice for overt hyperthyroidism in China.

Methods

An online questionnaire survey was conducted in July 2020. The two questionnaires covered 35 and 8 questions about non-pregnancy and pregnancy clinical practice for overt hyperthyroidism, respectively.

Results

One thousand, two hundred fifty-six physicians participated. Chief physicians and associate chief physicians accounted for 58.6% of the participants. Approximately 95.2% of the respondents chose the thyrotropin receptor antibody (TRAb) test to clarify the etiology of thyrotoxicosis, while only 27.0% of them chose radioactive iodine uptake (RAIU). In terms of treatment for non-pregnant patients, anti-thyroid drugs (ATDs) were the first choice, and most of the clinicians chose methimazole. Compared with clinicians in recent studies, Chinese physicians used serum TRAb to diagnose Graves’ disease more commonly, and there were obviously more physicians preferring ATDs. For maternal hyperthyroidism, most physicians preferred propylthiouracil administration before or during the first trimester, which is consistent with the 2016 American Thyroid Association (ATA) guidelines. In terms of the initial ATD dose, monitoring the treatment process, indications for ATD withdrawal and treatment of special cases, the preferences of Chinese physicians were generally consistent with the guidelines.

Conclusion

Chinese physicians can generally follow the ATA guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of hyperthyroidism. Moreover, there are small differences from foreign studies or the guidelines with respect to particular problems. These findings provide evidence for future clinical research in China.
Cultura institucional y perspectiva de género en las corporaciones de seguridad pública en México
Authors: Rumbo Bonfil Cristina , Contreras Álvarez Ángela Paola
Published: August 2021

La brecha de género no solo está presente en aquellas instituciones que históricamente han tenido una tradición laboral masculina. Aunque la presencia y participación de las mujeres en espacios públicos actualmente es más visible, las posiciones de poder, mando o jerarquía siguen siendo asignadas con prelación al género masculino, que ocupa puestos de jefatura en mayor medida que el femenino.

Resulta fundamental posicionar dentro de la agenda estatal y social la construcción de una cultura institucional basada en la perspectiva de género y en la transversalidad de las condiciones laborales y de acceso igualitarias en la administración pública estatal, para identificar áreas de oportunidad donde es preciso realizar un balance y un diagnóstico sobre las conductas o prácticas que incentivan la desigualdad, como sucede en las corporaciones policiales.
Educación para el cambio en una sociedad hiperconectada: Cuando el otro ser se virtualiza
Authors: García-Moro Francisco José
Published: August 2021

Introducción. La sociedad de la hiperinformación no conlleva ni supone el hiperconocimiento, ni siquiera el simple conocimiento. La sensación de asfixia ante el bombardeo continuo de lo otro, que no necesariamente del otro ser o de los otros seres, hace que la persona sintiente perciba que el pensar es un sobreesfuerzo de discriminar lo útil de lo innecesario. Objetivo. Con el presente ensayo pretendemos reflexionar acerca de los elementos socio-personales de nuestra cultura actual que interrogan el quehacer educativo exigiéndole asumir nuevas respuestas; pero, sobre todo, una vuelta a los orígenes dialógicos, puesto que, más que nunca, sentimos que nos rodean sin identificar, muchas veces, quién o quiénes. Discusión. La información aparece de forma ilusoriamente gratuita, sin aparente intencionalidad, sin metas, sin un propósito dialógico. El cara a cara se difumina en imágenes virtuales sin textura natural, pero representando algo que sacia y conforma a la persona consumidora de hoy. Lo ilusorio toma cuerpo e interactúa como quien sostiene una caña de pescar con su presa al otro extremo: esperando pacientemente; utilizando magistralmente el arte del engaño –conocimiento–; sabiendo cuándo y no necesariamente a quiénes con un sentido narrativo. Ante esto, la importancia del pensamiento crítico y del pensamiento consciente resultan estrategias fundamentales para defender un principio de realidad ontológico. Conclusiones. La educación juega un papel decisivo en el entramado de lo virtual, porque seguimos hablando de personas físicas y, más aún, de la educación con un propósito claro de cambio para la vida plena.
Interpretación geológica de las leyendas del cerro o volcán Santa Lucía al oeste del valle de Ujarrás, Paraíso, Cartago, Costa Rica y su relación con los elementos particulares de su contexto fisiográfico
Authors: Sanabria-Coto Iván Josué , Bonilla-Hidalgo Maureen A.
Published: August 2021

The study area of the present investigation is located 4 km southeast of the city of Paraíso, de Cartago and west of the Ujarrás Valley, the objective was to propose a geological interpretation of the folk legends collected in Prado’s book Nuestra Señora de la Virgen de Ujarrás (1921) (translated as Our Lady of the Virgin of Ujarrás) linked to the alleged existence and activity of a peak or volcano known as Santa Lucía or El Picacho. For this endeavor, it was initially necessary to perform a compilation of historical information as well as field collection of particular evidence of the associated physiographic context; next, field collected data and geospatial inputs were analyzed and integrated for the preparation of results. From the identified tectonism in the immediate geographical area and its possible natural interactions, it is feasible to support an assertive geological interpretation, of non-volcanic nature, regarding the origin of the folk legends in connection to the alleged existence of the Santa Lucía peak/volcano in the Ujarrás Valley.
Estimación del período de construcción de las edificaciones del cantón de San José por medio de análisis de fotografías aéreas
Authors: Blanco Saenz Silvia Patricia , Esquivel-Salas Luis Carlos
Published: August 2021

The city of San José in 2017 contained a number of 84,004 buildings, of which their construction period is unknown, the objective of the investigation was the temporary dating of each structure, in order to obtain results that show the distribution links, corresponding to the publication of the Seismic Codes of Costa Rica. Part of the obtained results contains very high numbers of buildings that do not use any of the codes and then, much of the urban expansion made use of the 1974 and 1986 codes, contrary to the number of buildings that followed the rules of the latest updates. Taking into account the foregoing, it is essential for the future that not only the Public Administration consider the evaluation of the infrastructure of its institutions, but also the private and civil sectors to be heading down in the same direction.
Estudio de capacidad de acogida del suelo en el Corredor Biológico Interurbano Río Torres, Costa Rica
Authors: Navarro-Ceciliano Osvaldo
Published: August 2021

The soil bearing capacity in the Río Torres Interurban Biological Corridor was estimated employing three surface variables (stoniness, effective depth, and slope), the result indicated unrestricted agricultural and conservation forestland as the predominant categories. Next, land use types existing throughout the corridor were identified by means of the supervised classification of satellite images, which evidenced 53.62% of total area as occupied by urban activities, 25.7% forest coverage and 19.91% destined to livestock grazing and pastures. Soil bearing capacity data and land use visualization allowed the identification of areas with optimal and overexploitation, the latter amounted to 15.21% of the corridor’s total land area. For both types of areas, good forestry practices were defined in order to reduce soil degradation. Finally, forest coverage fragmentation was evaluated and found to exhibit a high degree of segmentation, thus strategies were recommended to reestablish connectivity between isolated fragments.
A pesca artesanal no baixo rio Araguaia em Araguatins, Tocantins, Brasil
Authors: Brito Eliseu Pereira de , Shimasaki Matheus Miranda
Published: August 2021

In this research we seek to portray artisanal fishing in the lower Araguaia River, delimiting a spatial scale of the municipality of Araguatins in the north of the State of Tocantins, in the Legal Amazon. It is an Amazonian and cerrado forest environment in the transition areas belonging to the Araguaia-Tocantins hydrographic basin. To do the research we use the qualitative exploratory research method with field research. The results showed that the modernization of the territory was demanded by the technical-scientific introduction in the fishery and in the territory. It modernized the objects of artisanal fishing and, at the same time, modified the way the riverside fishermen deal with the river, introducing new contents in the conception of production and preservation of the environment.
Design of bamboo cutting mechanism based on crack propagation principle
Authors: Guan Yunyi , Li Shouzhong , Jiang Xiong , Xu Binhao , Liu Pingyi , Li Haitao
Published: August 2021

Bamboo is mainly grown in hilly areas, and the harvesting of bamboo basically relies on labor. Moreover, the bamboo is prone to splitting problems during harvesting. To liberate labor and improve work efficiency, the crack propagation principle of bamboo was studied. Based on this study, a new cutting scheme using spiral feed was proposed. Additionally, a new bamboo cutting mechanism was designed. The new cutting mechanism, when installed on a harvesting vehicle, can automatically complete the cutting operation. The cutting mechanism is different from the traditional ones, and it uses four sets of saw blades for spiral feed cutting around the bamboo, which can reduce the splitting probability during the cutting process. Finally, a solid model of the cutting mechanism was built, and the basic movement process was simulated to verify the feasibility of the bamboo cutting mechanism.
Breastfeeding and Risk of Late-Onset Group B Streptococcal Disease
Authors: Ching Natasha S. , Buttery Jim P. , Lai Emily , Steer Andrew C. , Standish Jane , Ziffer Joel , Daley Andrew J. , Doherty Richard
Published: August 2021

BACKGROUND

Group B Streptococcus (GBS) is a major contributor to neonatal sepsis worldwide. Late-onset group B Streptococcus disease (LOGBS) and its risk factors remain poorly understood. The isolation of GBS from breast milk has been described in cases of LOGBS. This potential association has raised concerns for mothers and clinicians regarding the safety of ongoing breastfeeding. In this study, we aimed to investigate whether exposure to breast milk is associated with increased risk of LOGBS.

METHODS

A case-control study of LOGBS was conducted across 4 hospital networks in Victoria, Australia, including the 2 major tertiary pediatric centers in the state, to evaluate 11 years of data (2007–2017). Cases were captured initially from microbiology databases and recaptured with International Classification of Diseases discharge coding. Each case patient was matched with 4 controls to assess feeding status. Patients were matched for chronological age, gestation, discharge status, recruitment site, and calendar year.

RESULTS

We identified 92 cases of LOGBS: 73 cases on initial capture and 76 cases on the recapture analysis. Case patients were matched with 368 controls: 4 controls to each patient. Seventy-two patients were exposed to breast milk at the time of LOGBS (78.3%), compared with 274 controls (74.5%; odds ratio 1.2 [95% confidence interval 0.7–2.3]).

CONCLUSIONS

Breastfeeding was not associated with increased risk of LOGBS. Breast milk should not be tested for GBS during a first episode of LOGBS.
Segmentación por motivaciones y valoración del turismo interior en el destino Manta, Manabí, Ecuador
Authors: Garcia Reinoso Nelson
Published: August 2021

Realizar estudios sobre valoración, motivaciones y satisfacción permite entender mejor las expectativas, necesidades y objetivos del turista, elementos fundamentales para diseñar estrategias de marketing. Sin embargo, existen aún pocos trabajos de segmentación y valoración en función de las motivaciones turísticas más relevantes, especialmente en contextos como el ecuatoriano. El principal objetivo de la presente investigación es caracterizar cuáles son los perfiles de los turistas que visitan el destino turístico de Manta, en el área metropolitana de Manabí, Ecuador. La metodología aplicada fue de carácter cuantitativo, a través de una encuesta realizada a turistas y excursionistas, considerando las motivaciones, el comportamiento de viaje, el producto o servicio, y la evaluación y satisfacción. Los resultados llevan a concluir que la principal aplicación práctica de esta investigación es comprender motivaciones, valoración y satisfacción de los segmentos identificados en función de contribuir a mejorar estrategias clave de actuación en el marco de la complementariedad entre patrimonio cultural y turismo de sol y playa en el destino Manta.
Propuesta de modelo para la autogestión del conocimiento para la productividad de las empresas de menor tamaño en la era del conocimiento
Authors: Rojas Pescio Héctor Gonzalo , Roa Petrasic Verónica Alejandra
Published: August 2021

El presente artículo plantea la relevancia del conocimiento como uno de los activos intangibles más importantes en las organizaciones, factor clave para la productividad en la actual era del conocimiento. Asimismo, establece la necesidad de gestionar el conocimiento explícito de las organizaciones a través del uso de las tecnologías de información y comunicaciones (tic) en todas sus etapas: generación, almacenamiento, transferencia y evaluación; para ello, se propone un modelo de autogestión del conocimiento que optimice resultados y permita replantear estrategias organizacionales para su explotación. Se presentan resultados y conclusiones de la aplicación del diseño propuesto a una microempresa chilena del sector terciario del rubro de tecnologías de información, particularmente del conocimiento aplicado en sus procesos de negocio y su efecto en la productividad. Se utiliza un enfoque mixto y un marco teórico basado en la literatura de gestión del conocimiento, para lo cual se aplica un enfoque longitudinal en el diseño del modelo. Con este artículo, se espera lograr un mejor entendimiento sobre cómo las microempresas pueden gestionar de mejor forma su conocimiento.
La separación entre sostenibilidad organizacional y desarrollo sostenible: una reflexión sobre herramientas emergentes para disminuir la brecha
Authors: Dueñas-Ocampo Sebastián , Perdomo-Ortiz Jesús , Villa Castaño Lida Esperanza
Published: August 2021

La literatura en management ha revelado que hay una brecha conceptual, que deriva a la práctica empresarial, entre los conceptos de sostenibilidad organizacional (micro-dimensión) y la sostenibilidad ecológica o desarrollo sostenible (macro-dimensión). Este artículo de reflexión llama la atención sobre la brecha identificada, mostrando algunos de los desafíos que esta separación demanda a las organizaciones. Se argumenta que las alianzas intersectoriales, la innovación social, y los negocios híbridos son formas organizacionales emergentes, basadas en la colaboración, que aportan al cierre de la brecha. La discusión sobre la distancia entre los enfoques de la sostenibilidad tipo valor compartido (inside-out) y los enfoques de sostenibilidad con foco en el bien común (outside-in), se ejemplifica con formas organizacionales emergentes en el contexto colombiano, con un énfasis en organizaciones con incidencia en la construcción de paz.
Rebeliões urbanas em Londres através das músicas do The Clash
Authors: Coelho Fernando Mendes
Published: August 2021

O final dos anos 1970 e o início dos anos 1980 marcaram a Inglaterra com as medidas neoliberais instituídas por Margaret Thatcher. Nesse contexto, as desigualdades sociais e a pobreza avançaram, principalmente nos bairros periféricos das grandes metrópoles. Em Londres a realidade não foi diferente; bairros formados por maioria de imigrantes sofriam com o desemprego e com a violência policial, além do aumento constante da população carcerária. O caos urbano teve como resultado o surgimento de revoltas populares, as quais buscarei retratar por meio de duas músicas da banda de punk rock chamada The Clash. Utilizarei as músicas Guns of Brixton e London Calling para refletir a respeito do momento histórico pelo qual passava Londres. As músicas são do ano de 1979, e a revolta popular de Brixton ocorreu no ano de 1981, porém, desde quando foi escrita a música, as tensões no bairro existiam, vindo a surgir uma grande revolta entre os dias 10 e 12 de abril de 1981. Procurarei entender como o clima urbano permitiu que as músicas retratassem de forma tão real os eventos que vieram a acontecer dois anos depois. Para isso, utilizarei como referencial teórico autores que problematizam a pós-modernidade e fazem crítica ao neoliberalismo, sobretudo em virtude das ações do governo Thatcher.
Abissínios, engrossadores e cogumelos
Authors: Pinheiro Luís Balkar Sá Peixoto
Published: August 2021

O artigo aborda a trajetória política de Bento de Figueiredo Tenreiro Aranha, importante intelectual e jornalista do extremo Norte do país, onde se destacou como o maior propagandista da causa republicana. Dividindo sua longa vida pública de mais de 50 anos entre as cidades de Belém e Manaus, tornou-se, por volta de 1870, pioneiro na defesa do regime republicano no Amazonas e no Pará, reverberando suas ideias de uma República popular e revolucionária por meio de uma crônica jornalista intensa e incisiva. Desgostoso com a República, passou a ser associado ao jacobinismo político por voltar sua crítica radical contra os primeiros governos republicanos e o modelo de República vencedor no 15 de Novembro. Bento Aranha, que assumiu vários mandatos parlamentares na Província do Amazonas, chegou ao fim de sua vida considerando-se excluído e no ostracismo. Sua voz incômoda contribuiu para que se tornasse um esquecido não apenas pela sociedade em que (e pela qual) atuou, como também pela historiografia. Acompanhá-lo por intermédio de suas crônicas na imprensa, é abrir a possibilidade para a compreensão de como a República foi pensada, recepcionada e, também, combatida fora dos espaços tradicionais do poder no Brasil.
Decolonizar é preciso: pensando a escola e o currículo para a superação do racismo
Authors: Paulo Parente Dheysa , De Sousa Teodosio Sheila , Vieira Alves Francisco Régis
Published: August 2021

Uma visão estrutural do racismo permite a compreensão das complexas e históricas desigualdades que marcam as relações étnico-raciais no Brasil. A partir dela é possível visualizar como o racismo vem se reproduzindo e reconhecer a necessidade do engajamento coletivo para sua superação. Admitindo que a escola tem reproduzido o racismo, mas que é potente espaço para sua superação, este artigo objetiva apresentar a importância da efetivação de uma educação antirracista por meio de um currículo decolonial. Partindo de uma abordagem qualitativa, foram usados enquanto procedimentos para desenvolvimento deste estudo, a pesquisa bibliográfica e documental. Conclui-se que uma escola comprometida com a superação das desigualdades raciais deve repensar as práticas escolares e vivenciar um fazer pedagógico norteado por um currículo decolonial,um currículo que parta de outros referenciais epistêmicos, que dê voz aos silenciados pela dominação colonial, que apresente outras formas de ser e estar no mundo, um currículo que rompa com os parâmetros europeus e consequentemente com a colonialidade reprodutora do racismo.
Developing migrants prototypes performance through bottom-up construction method
Authors: Ibrahim Rojhat , Baranyai Bálint
Published: August 2021

Natural and man-made disasters are vital issues that led to the increasing number of migrants, many of them stayed displaced for decades this requires more permanent dwellings. The main aim of the study is to investigate the impact of the bottom-up construction method on developing migrant’s shelters energy and thermal comfort performance. Dynamic simulation tool Indoor Climate and Energy (IDA ICE 4.8) has been used to assess nine different scenarios. The results quantified that the annually delivered energy and thermal comfort accepted hours of proposed scenario nine (S9) is better compared to base-case scenario one (S1) by 63% kWh and 4,215 h respectively. Methodologies and results of this paper can be adopted and applied for various places of the world affected by migration issue.
Necessary conditions for steep switching in a constant Resistor-Capacitor RCFET
Authors: Kumar Ashwani , Song Xiaoyao , De Souza Maria Merlyne
Published: August 2021

We establish that the phenomenon of transient negative capacitance, conventionally linked to the delay in the response of a domain switching, of a ferroelectric material, and modelled by a non-linear capacitor, can in fact be considered to be more generally applicable to any phenomenon that can be represented by an RC-equivalent circuit. We demonstrate the conditions for sub-60 mV/dec switching in an RC-FET, even if theRandCwere constant along both forward and backward sweeps. For semiconductor chargeQch, we show that the necessary condition for sub-60 mV/dec switching (dQch)/(dΨs) = (q/(kBT))Qch, whereΨsis the surface potential, is possible only ifQch > 0 (i.e. when the transistor is ON) during the backward sweep. This insight contributes further understanding on the causes of hysteresis in commonly used SPICE models of FE-FETs.

Graphic abstract
FLAVONES AND FLAVANONES AS ACHETYLCHOLINESTERASE INHIBITORS: THE STRUCTURE-ACTIVITY RELATIONSHIP AND MOLECULAR DOCKING STUDIES
Authors: Dung Hoàng Thị Kim , Nguyen Hoang-Phuc , Huynh Thi-Kim-Chi
Published: August 2021

Discovering and developing drugs to treat Alzheimer's disease (AD) have been a crucial target for many decades. According to a large number of later studies, acetylcholinesterase (AChE) plays an important role in AD treatment. On the other hand, flavonoids are natural compounds that possessed a wide variety of bioactivities, including the inhibitory activity on AChE. In this study, we reported the structure and activity relationship of flavone and flavanone derivatives that semi-synthesized and synthesized from flower buds of Styphnolobium japonicum (Leguminosae) and citrus peels against AChE. The results showed that the introducing of the new functional groups that leads to increasing 3-folds better AChE inhibition of compound Q2 and Q4 than that of the original. The molecular docking study was investigated in order to illuminate the experimental results and find their binding modes.
LAETANINE, ICARISIDE E3, (-)-PINORESINOL AND MANTOL O-Β-D-GLUCOPYRANOSIDE, FROM AQUEOUS EXTRACT OF PHOEBE TAVOYANA (MEISSN) HOOK
Authors: Nguyen Thanh , Tran Thi Minh , Nguyen Thuy Linh
Published: August 2021

Four compounds including laetanine (1), icariside E3 (2), (-)-pinoresinol (3) and maltol O-β-D-glucopyranoside (4) were isolated from aqueous extract of Phoebe tavoyana (Meissn) Hook. Their chemical structures were determined based on their ESI-MS, 1D-NMR and 2D-NMR spectral data, and compared with those reported in the literature. This is the first report of compound 2 and 4 from genus Phoebe.
CHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS FROM THE ROOTS OF MYXOPYRUM SMILACIFOLIUM
Authors: Vượng Nguyễn Quốc , Chien Vu Van , Huế Nguyễn Thị , Hằng Phạm Thị , Hieu Tran Van , Nhiệm Nguyễn Xuân , Cường Phạm Văn
Published: August 2021

From the roots of Myxopyrum smilacifolium Blume, five known compounds, verbascoside (1), arenarioside (2), myxopyroside (3), 3-formylindole (4), and 5-hydroxymethyl furfural (5) were isolated. Their chemical structures were determined by  ESI-MS, 1D, 2D-NMR spectrascopic data analysis as well as in comparison with those reported in the literatures.
The in situ potential of synthetic nano-hydroxyapatite for tooth enamel repair
Authors: Ince S Gokce , Banu Ermis R
Published: August 2021

This study was designed to evaluate whether nano-hydroxyapatite toothpastes with or without fluoride would be more advantageous than a fluoride toothpaste in the repair of eroded enamel in situ. Twenty-one subjects participated in this single-blind, randomized, cross-over design study with three 7-day treatment phases. In each phase, the subjects wearing a palatal appliance containing five sterilized enamel specimens used either one of the two test regimens (1% nano-hydroxyapatite toothpaste and 2.25% nano-hydroxyapatite/1450 parts per million (ppm) fluoride toothpaste) or one control (1400 ppm fluoride toothpaste). Enamel specimens were extraorally demineralized (4 × 5 min/day) and were intraorally treated with the toothpastes (2 × 2 min/day). The nano-hydroxyapatite toothpaste groups exhibited significantly higher surface microhardness than did the standard fluoride toothpaste group (p < 0.05). Enamel surface hardness was increased only by nano-hydroxyapatite toothpastes after in situ treatment compared with the baseline (p < 0.05). Morphological analysis demonstrated an apatite-type crystal deposition on the eroded enamel surface produced by nano-hydroxyapatite toothpastes, while fluoride toothpaste failed to show any significant surface deposition. Chemical analysis showed a higher content of calcium and phosphorus in the enamel surface treated with nano-hydroxyapatite toothpastes compared with that in the control one (p < 0.05). It is concluded that home use of nano-hydroxyapatite containing toothpastes may have a protective effect against erosion at the enamel surface.
Crossing the Hooghly River near Kolkata in India: a tale of two bridges spanning 130 years
Authors: Acharya Pramod Kumar , Kumar Ajeet , Roy Partha , Ghose Prithunandan , Ghoshal Amitabha
Published: August 2021

A 415 m long three-span steel railway bridge was built over the tidal Hooghly River near Kolkata in India in 2016. The new Sampreeti Bridge is just 22 m downstream from the 1887 Jubilee Bridge it replaces, which is due to be moved to an outdoor engineering heritage museum. Despite 130 years of engineering advances, the forces of nature proved equally challenging to overcome. As happened previously, a pier caisson was swept away by monsoon rains – twice – and accommodating dynamic loading required adoption of the latest bearing technology.
Auxiliary plastic potential approach in elastoplasticity for soils
Authors: Mortara G.
Published: August 2021

The scope of this paper is to have an alternative to the use of an explicit plastic potential in elastoplastic models for soils. This is possible through the definition of a stress–dilatancy relationship and a simple expression for an auxiliary surface in lieu of a given expression of the plastic potential surface. This approach results in a flexible definition of the model and to very simple expressions of the auxiliary plastic potential derivatives.
Influence of project alliance in rail construction industry
Authors: Seidu Rafiu Dimeji , Young Bert Ediale , Eddman Kamau Lemaiyan , Ebohon John Obas , Ofori George
Published: August 2021

Project alliancing (PA) as an interactive contracting mechanism is arguably an archetype of modern-day contracting. Well-designed PA emphasises the notion of shared goals and objectives, including detailed understanding and recognition of risks and reward while recognising specialist contribution by parties. However, PA has significant influence on organisational culture and cultural theory, hence reflecting the effect of culture on performance. This research study aims to determine the influence of PA on organisational culture and project performance, using the UK rail industry as a case study. A quantitative methodological approach was employed with quantitative data collection through questionnaires from 56 respondents (25 clients’ and 31 contractors’ all working in the rail industry), on a case study of an on-going alliancing project. The questionnaire results were analysed using the mode as the central tendency approach and focusing on the values that occurred most. The results from the research validated findings from the reviews while highlighting other fundamental factors underpinning the success(es) of PA in project management. This study is beneficial in improving the fragmented nature of the construction industry while positioning team building and collaborative working in the core of construction project management.
Characteristics of silver-containing titanium-based coating after thermal oxidation
Authors: Cetiner Dogukan , Karaguler Nevin Gul , Cimenoglu Huseyin , Atar Erdem
Published: August 2021

This study has been initiated to form a silver (Ag)-incorporated titanium oxide (TiO2) outermost layer over a medical-grade 316L stainless steel by subsequent applications of cold spray (CS) and thermal oxidation (TO) processes. X-ray diffraction analysis, scanning electron microscopy examination and Raman analysis revealed that TO at 600°C for 60 h in the air formed a 3 μm thick exterior layer composed of the rutile form of titanium oxide and metallic silver over the CS coating fabricated by depositing a mixture of 87 wt.% titanium (Ti), 8 wt.% aluminium (Al) and 5 wt.% silver powder. This exterior layer exhibited superior bioactivity and wear resistance along with a sufficient antibacterial activity, which can further be improved by adjusting the distribution and/or content of silver in its structure.
Modeling the relationship between temperature and mortality : a case study in SENEGAL
Authors: Faye Mbaye , Dème Abdoulaye , Diongue Abdou Kâ
Published: August 2021

In this paper, we have used the Generalized Additive Model (GAM) to investigate the relationships between high temperature and daily number of deaths in Niakhar, a Sehalian-Sudanese climate in central Senegal. Daily data on number of deaths and meteorological variables over the period of 1983-2013 were considered. Descriptive statistics show that, over the study period, the total of non-accidental deaths were 12,798, among which we notice that 490 persons (3.83%) died of cardiovascular disease, 1,015 persons (7.93%) died of respiratory disease, 3,970 persons (31.02%) died of certain infectious and parasitic diseases, and 224 persons (1.75%) died of nervous system disease From the GAM model, we observe that high temperature significantly increased the relative risk (RR)Indeed, relative risk of deaths due to cardiovascular disease is 1.034 with a 95% confidence intervals (CI) 1.025 to 1.044, while it is 1.030 with a 95% CI 1.026 to 1.033 for certain infectious and parasitic disease. For respiratory disease, the RR is 1.012 with a 95% CI 1.007 to 1.017, and for nervous system disease, the relative risk is 1.034 with 95% CI 1.026 to 1.043.
A case study of Stroke patients in Senegal: application of Generalized extreme value regression model
Authors: Dio Aba , Dème El Hadji , Sy Idrissa , Diop Aliou
Published: August 2021

Logistic regression model is widely used in many studies to investigate the relationship between a binary response variable Y and a set of potential predictors X. The binary response may represent, for example, the occurrence of some outcome of interest (Y=1 if the outcome occurred and Y=0 otherwise). When the dependent variable Y represents a rare event, the logistic regression model shows relevant drawbacks. In order to overcome these drawbacks we propose the Generalized Extreme Value (GEV) regression model. In particularly, we suggest the quantile function of the GEV distribution as link function. Strokes are a serious pathology and a neurological emergency involving the vital prognosis and the functional prognosis. In Senegal, strokes account for more than 30% of hospitalizations and are responsible for nearly two thirds of mortality. In this work, we use the GVE regression model for binary data to determine the risk factors leading to stroke and to develop a predictive model of life-threatening outcomes in central Sénégal.
Short-term prediction model for daily COVID-19 reported positive cases in Senegal
Authors: Diop Aba , Ndao Abdourahmane , Seck Cheikh Tidiane , Faye Ibrahima
Published: August 2021

In this work, we use an Auto-Regressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) model to study the evolution of COVID-19 disease in Senegal and then make short-term predictions about the number of people likely to be infected by the coronavirus. We are dealing with daily data provided by the Senegalese Ministry of Health during the period from March 2, 2020 to March 2, 2021.Our results show that the peak of the disease appearsduring the second wave seems to be reached on February 12 2021. But they also show that the number of COVID-19 infections will be around 200 cases per day during the next 30 days if the trend of the total number of tests performed is maintained.
Changes in Women's Representation in Economics: New Data from the AEA Papers and Proceedings
Authors: Meade Ellen E. , Starr Martha , Bansak Cynthia
Published: August 2021

The shortage of women and historically underrepresented racial and ethnic groups in the economics profession has received considerable public attention in the past several years. The American Economic Association (AEA), the professional organization for economists, has been taking steps to address criticism that the economics discipline is unwelcoming to women and underrepresented minorities.
Growth at Risk From Climate Change
Authors: Kiley Michael T.
Published: August 2021

How will climate change affect risks to economic activity? Research on climate impacts has tended to focus on effects on the average level of economic growth. I examine whether climate change may make severe contractions in economic activity more likely using quantile regressions linking growth to temperature. The effects of temperature on downside risks to economic growth are large and robust across specifications. These results suggest the growth at risk from climate change is large—climate change may make economic contractions more likely and severe and thereby significantly impact economic and financial stability and welfare.
Disciplina, resistências e o trabalho em orquestras sinfônicas
Authors: Alvarenga Eric Campos , Oliveira Paulo de Tarso Ribeiro de , Lemos Flávia Cristina Silveira
Published: August 2021

Este artigo é um ensaio busca analisar relações entre as orquestras sinfônicas e a disciplina por meio dos estudos de Michel Foucault. A ideia central é que orquestras sinfônicas materializam práticas de produção de uma racionalidade pautada em docilidade política, produtividade e corpos disciplinados para um trabalho meticuloso da música com atenção detalhada. Trata-se de texto teórico e analítico, baseado em alguns operadores analíticos de Michel Foucault. O artigo é resultante de uma pesquisa maior finalizada, na Pós-Graduação em Psicologia. É possível afirmar que a música orquestral é uma maneira de inventar no trabalho e, simultaneamente, de resistir às disciplinas docilizadoras, em termos de um campo dinâmico de forças múltiplas de saberes e poderes. Só há disciplina quando temos liberdade concomitantemente.
Transtorno depressivo maior: diferentes possibilidades para pacientes resistentes ao tratamento
Authors: Schott Fabiane , Vidal Júlia Luciane , Pasche Alice Dias , Corrêa Guilherme
Published: August 2021

O transtorno depressivo maior é considerado atualmente uma questão de saúde pública devido à alta taxa de prevalência na população em geral. Com frequência, esse transtorno não é diagnosticado nem tratado, gerando impactos relevantes em todas as esferas da vida do indivíduo. Objetivando analisar o que se tem discutido sobre o assunto realizou-se uma revisão narrativa acerca dos diferentes recursos envolvidos no tratamento do transtorno depressivo maior para pacientes resistentes. Os resultados encontrados indicaram que a depressão é facilmente confundida com outras patologias justamente pelos sintomas físicos que os pacientes apresentam. O estigma que envolve a saúde mental também é um fator agravante ao tratamento. Por meio dessa revisão foi possível constatar que embora existam tratamentos médicos promissores e eficientes, como a eletroconvulsoterapia e a estimulação magnética transcraniana, eles não são acessíveis à toda população, uma vez que para esses procedimentos não há investimento no Sistema Único de Saúde. Já a psicoterapia cognitivo-comportamental combinada ao uso de fármacos sobressai-se em relação a outros tipos de recursos disponíveis, principalmente nos aspectos que envolvem qualidade de vida e funcionalidade.
Saúde mental docente e intervenções da Psicologia durante a pandemia
Authors: Coelho Elenise Abreu , Da Silva Ana Claudia Pinto , De Pellegrini Tais Barcellos , Patias Naiana Dapieve
Published: August 2021

Este estudo relata duas ações denominadas “Rodas de Conversa”, desenvolvidas a partir de projeto de extensão em andamento, com ênfase na promoção de saúde mental docente durante a pandemia da Covid-19. As rodas on-line foram realizadas em duas escolas de ensino fundamental, uma pública e outra privada, de duas cidades do Rio Grande do Sul. Os relatos dos(as) docentes foram registrados em diário de campo e analisados conforme as três etapas do processo de análise de conteúdo categorial temática de Bardin. A análise resultou em três categorias e a sua interpretação baseou-se na literatura publicada até o momento sobre Covid-19, trabalho docente e saúde mental. Os resultados apontam dificuldades dos(as) docentes com relação à configuração de ensino remoto, sobrecarga pela intensificação do trabalho e relatos de sintomas de ansiedade e estresse. Com relação às ações do projeto, destaca-se a importância de espaços de acolhimento e escuta das demandas docentes. Salienta-se a necessidade de intervenções que visem à prevenção e a promoção de saúde mental dos(as) professores(as), principalmente nesse contexto.
Fluxo de atendimento à mulheres em situação de violência: caminhos e perdas
Authors: Kaus Diênifer , Barbosa Thamires Pereira , Paludo Simone Dos Santos
Published: August 2021

A violência contra a mulher é uma das principais formas de violação dos direitos humanos e uma das problemáticas mais graves enfrentadas pela mulher na atualidade. Para romper com o ciclo da violência, muitas mulheres buscam ajuda com profissionais da rede de suporte social. Frente à sua complexidade e dada à importância do atendimento multiprofissional e qualificado a estas mulheres, este artigo tem como objetivo identificar o fluxo de atendimentos e os encaminhamentos desse grupo na rede de proteção em um município do interior do Rio Grande do Sul – RS. Foram coletados os dados, através de um estudo documental, de 66 casos de mulheres em situação de violência que chegaram até o CREAS no ano de 2019. Foram identificados 38 atendimentos e 28 casos encaminhados que nunca chegaram ao CREAS. Verificou-se que os caminhos que as mulheres percorrem são múltiplos e cheios rupturas. O fluxo de atendimentos na rede de proteção à violência contra mulher ainda se mostra frágil, o que prejudica a mulher no enfrentamento efetivo à violência.
Niche and interspecific association of dominant tree populations of Zelkova schneideriana communities in eastern China
Authors: Shao Li-Yuan , Zhang Guang-Fu
Published: August 2021

Background: Zelkova schneideriana Hand.-Mazz., is an endangered species mainly distributed in subtropical China. Currently, little is known about its niche and interspecific association.
Questions: What are the niche characteristics of Z. schneideriana and other associated species? What are the interspecific associations between these species?
Study sites and dates: Z. schneideriana communities in Jiangsu, China in 2019.
Methods: Twenty-one 400 m2 plots were studied for importance value, niche breadth and overlap, interspecific association of Z. schneideriana communities.
Results: In 39 species of tree layer, Z. schneideriana had the greatest importance value and niche breadth. For the first 10 dominant species, a considerable difference was detected by the Levins index (1.75 - 19.84) and Shannon-Wiener index (0.77 - 3.02). Forty-four out of the 45 species pairs had the value of niche similarity indices ≤ 0.5; 38 species pairs had the value of niche overlap indices ≤ 0.5. Overall interspecific association was not a significantly negative association for variance ratio < 1. χ2 test and Spearman’s correlation coefficient further revealed that above 60 % of species pairs had negative associations, suggesting most dominant species were slightly associated with other species or even independent.
Conclusions: Z. schneideriana was a constructive species. Dissimilarity in environmental requirements was found among most dominant tree species, thus decreasing competition. This is likely due to the unstable community in the early stage of succession.
The art and science of a strategic grantmaker: the experience of the Public Health Agency of Canada’s Innovation Strategy
Authors: Bradley Dexter Shannon , Kavanagh Salmond Kelly , Payne Leslie , Chia Marie C. , Di Ruggiero Erica , Mahato Sarah
Published: August 2021

Setting

The Public Health Agency of Canada’s Innovation Strategy (PHAC-IS) was established amid calls for diverse structural funding mechanisms that could support research agendas to inform policy making across multiple levels and jurisdictions. Influenced by a shifting emphasis towards a population health approach and growing interest in social innovation and systems change, the PHAC-IS was created as a national grantmaking program that funded the testing and delivery of promising population health interventions between 2009 and 2020.

Intervention

During its decade-long tenure, the PHAC-IS supported the development of innovative, locally driven programs that emphasized health equity, encouraged iterative learning to respond reflexively to complex public health problems (the art), while at the same time promoting and integrating population health intervention research (the science) for improved health at the individual, community, and systems levels through four program components.

Outcomes

PHAC-IS projects reached priority audiences in over 1700 communities. Over 1400 partnerships were established by community-led organizations across multiple sectors with more than $30 million of leveraged funds. By the final phase of funding, 90% of the projects and partnership networks had a sustained impact on policy and public health practice. By the end of the program, 82% of the projects were able to continue their intervention beyond PHAC-IS funding. Through a phased approach, projects were able to adapt, reflect, and build partnership networks to impact policy and practice while increasing reach and scale towards sustainability.

Implications

Analysis and reflection throughout the course of this initiative showed that strong partnerships that contribute sufficient time to collaboration are critical to achieving meaningful outcomes. Building on evaluation cycles that strengthen project design can ensure both scale and sustainability of project achievements. Furthermore, a flexible, phased approach allows for iterative learning and adjustments across various phases to realize sustained population and systems change. The model and reflexive approach underlying the PHAC-IS has the potential to apply to a broad range of public programs.
ATAC Sequencing Protocol v1
Authors: H. Kaestner Lab Klaus , Shapira Suzanne
Published: August 2021

Interrogating cell-type specific chromatin accessibility can reveal cis-regulatory elements linked to downstream gene expression patterns. Assay for Transposase-Accessible Chromatin using Sequencing (ATAC-Seq) is a technique that assays genome-wide chromatin accessibility using a tagmentation protocol that inserts sequencing adapters into open genomic regions. This technique can reveal nucleosome positioning patterns, map enhancer and promoter regions, or reveal transcription factor binding sites. When applied to studies of diabetic patients, this technique can reveal potential differences in genomic accessibility patterns between non-diabetic pancreata compared to diseased organs.
HUMAN ISLET SORTING FOR ALPHA, BETA, AND ACINAR CELLS v1
Authors: H. Kaestner Lab Klaus , Shapira Suzanne
Published: August 2021

Fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) relies on cell-type specific properties to isolate individual populations from a heterogenous sample. This protocol for human islet sorting allows for separation of α-cells, β-cells, and acinar cells from donor pancreata for downstream analyses, such as genomic assays, electrophysiology, and single-cell calcium imaging.
Bulk RNA sequencing (mRNA seq) v1
Authors: H. Kaestner Lab Klaus , Shapira Suzanne
Published: August 2021

Bulk RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) is a quantitative method used to interrogate the transcriptome of a biological sample at a given point in time. This protocol describes a method for generating bulk RNA-seq libraries from human islet material. This method also allows for isolation of genomic DNA, which can be used for additional assays such as whole genome bisulphite sequencing.