bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Aqueous biphasic iron-catalyzed asymmetric transfer hydrogenation of aromatic ketones
Authors: Demmans K. Z. , Ko O. W. K. , Morris R. H.
Published: September 2016

For the first time, an iron(ii) catalyst is used in the biphasic asymmetric transfer hydrogenation (ATH) of ketones to enantioenriched alcohols employing water and potassium formate as the proton and hydride source, respectively.
Biological cell derived N-doped hollow porous carbon microspheres for lithium–sulfur batteries
Authors: Xie Yanping , Fang Liang , Cheng Hongwei , Hu Chenji , Zhao Hongbin , Xu Jiaqiang , Fang Jianhui , Lu Xionggang , Zhang Jiujun
Published: September 2016

A green self-templating approach was designed to fabricate N-doped hollow porous carbon microspheres (NHPCMs) through renewable yeast cells for encapsulating sulfur.
Light-reconfigured waveband-selective diffraction device enabled by micro-patterning of a photoresponsive self-organized helical superstructure
Authors: Sun Pei-zhi , Liu Zhen , Wang Wei , Ma Ling-ling , Shen Dong , Hu Wei , Lu Yanqing , Chen Lujian , Zheng Zhi-gang
Published: September 2016

A waveband-selective diffraction device was developed by micro-patterning of a photoresponsive self-organized helical liquid crystal superstructure.
MoS2 nano-flake doped polyvinyl alcohol enabling polarized soliton mode-locking of a fiber laser
Authors: Chen Ting-Hui , Lin Chun-Yen , Lin Yung-Hsiang , Chi Yu-Chieh , Cheng Chih-Hsien , Luo Zhengqian , Lin Gong-Ru
Published: September 2016

Hybrid mode-locking of non-polarized Er-doped fiber laser with nonlinear saturable absorption of MoS2 nano-flake doped ultrathin polyvinyl alcohol film is demonstrated to obtain 330-fs pulsewidth.
Towards a metallic top contact electrode in molecular electronic devices exhibiting a large surface coverage by photoreduction of silver cations
Authors: Martín Santiago , Ballesteros Luz M. , González-Orive Alejandro , Oliva Hugo , Marqués-González Santiago , Lorenzoni Matteo , Nichols Richard J. , Pérez-Murano Francesc , Low Paul J. , Cea Pilar
Published: September 2016

Photoirradiation of monolayers incorporating a silver cation result in metal/monolayer/metal devices.
MicroRNA-338-5p modulates pulmonary hypertension-like injuries caused by SO2, NO2and PM2.5co-exposure through targeting the HIF-1α/Fhl-1 pathway
Authors: Ji Xiaotong , Zhang Yingying , Ku Tingting , Yun Yang , Li Guangke , Sang Nan
Published: September 2016

The role of ambient air pollution is considered to be important in the development of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a common clinical manifestation of COPD.
Transformation of SAC (Sn3.0Ag0.5Cu) nanoparticles into bulk material during melting process with large melting‐point depression
Authors: Kim Hyun Jin , Jang Seok Pil , Lee Jong‐Hyun , Park Yong‐Jun
Published: September 2016

The experimental observation of the transformation of nanosized SAC (Sn3.0Ag0.5Cu) into bulk‐sized SAC during the melting process involving a large melting‐point depression, using DSC (differential scanning calorimetry) and the reflow test is documented. They manufactured the nanosized SAC in dielectric benzyl alcohol using the modified direct‐current arc method. The nanoparticles were spherical in shape with a size distribution of 5–10 nm. Using DSC, the endothermic peaks were continuously measured twice without changing the nanosized SAC. During the initial measurement, they observed peaks at 133, 162 and 217°C. However, in the second cycle, they observed only one peak at 217°C, which indicates the SAC nanoparticles have been completely melted and changed into bulk‐sized SAC in the first cycle. They first conducted a reflow test of the SAC nanoparticles suspended in benzyl alcohol including flux on a printed circuit board and a hot plate which are 170°C. It was observed that SAC nanoparticles were transformed into bulk‐sized SAC during the melting process at 170°C in less than 3 min. After the melting process, they also observed the formation of thin‐layer geometry of SAC with 100 nm and intermetallic Cu6Sn5 between the SAC thin layer and a copper plate on PCB.
Beweggründe für die Inanspruchnahme von Notaufnahmen – Ergebnisse einer Patientenbefragung
Authors: Somasundaram R. , Geissler A. , Leidel B. , Wrede C.
Published: September 2016

Ziel der Studie: Die Anzahl der Patienten in den Notaufnahmen der Krankenhäuser steigt stetig. Die Beweggründe der Patienten für die Inanspruchnahme von Notaufnahmen wurden in Deutschland bisher wenig untersucht und stützen sich vorwiegend auf Vermutungen. Durch direkte Befragung sollten daher die Gründe für die eigenständige Vorstellung von Notfallpatienten in Notaufnahmen untersucht werden.

Methodik: An 2 Berliner Krankenhäusern der Maximalversorgung wurden 2 010 Patienten standardisiert innerhalb eines Zeitraums von 4 Wochen mithilfe eines Fragebogens anonym befragt. Dabei wurden nur Patienten einbezogen, die selbständig die Notaufnahme aufsuchten. Die Befragungsdaten wurden deskriptiv ausgewertet.

Ergebnisse: Über 90% der Patienten betrachteten sich selbst als Notfall und drei Viertel gaben Schmerzen an. Die Mehrzahl der Patienten (57%) hatte zuvor versucht, während der regulären Praxisöffnungszeiten einen niedergelassenen Arzt zu erreichen. Die Patienten würden mehrheitlich (59%) Notfallstrukturen der KV nutzen, wenn sie vorhanden und bekannt wären. Allerdings kannten 55% der Befragten den KV-Notdienst nicht.

Schlussfolgerung: Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass ambulante Notfallstrukturen als zentrale Anlaufstellen an Notfallkrankenhäusern rund um die Uhr erforderlich sind. Die zukünftige Planung der Notfallversorgung muss daher sektorenübergreifend ausgerichtet sein. International bereits eingesetzte Instrumente zur Einbindung von integrierten Telefonzentralen, Ausweitung des ambulanten Angebots und Schaffung von Strukturen für weniger dringliche Fälle an oder in Krankenhäusern sollten im Sinne einer besseren Steuerung der Patientenströme auch in Deutschland implementiert werden.
Water cluster fragmentation probed by pickup experiments
Authors: Huang Chuanfu , Kresin Vitaly V. , Pysanenko Andriy , Fárník Michal
Published: September 2016

Electron ionization is a common tool for the mass spectrometry of atomic and molecular clusters. Any cluster can be ionized efficiently by sufficiently energetic electrons, but concomitant fragmentation can seriously obstruct the goal of size-resolved detection. We present a new general method to assess the original neutral population of the cluster beam. Clusters undergo a sticking collision with a molecule from a crossed beam, and the velocities of neat and doped cluster ion peaks are measured and compared. By making use of longitudinal momentum conservation, one can reconstruct the sizes of the neutral precursors. Here this method is applied to H2O and D2O clusters in the detected ion size range of 3-10. It is found that water clusters do fragment significantly upon electron impact: the deduced neutral precursor size is ∼3-5 times larger than the observed cluster ions. This conclusion agrees with beam size characterization by another experimental technique: photoionization after Na-doping. Abundant post-ionization fragmentation of water clusters must therefore be an important factor in the interpretation of experimental data; interestingly, there is at present no detailed microscopic understanding of the underlying fragmentation dynamics.
A highly accurate ab initio potential energy surface for methane
Authors: Owens Alec , Yurchenko Sergei N. , Yachmenev Andrey , Tennyson Jonathan , Thiel Walter
Published: September 2016

A new nine-dimensional potential energy surface (PES) for methane has been generated using state-of-the-art ab initio theory. The PES is based on explicitly correlated coupled cluster calculations with extrapolation to the complete basis set limit and incorporates a range of higher-level additive energy corrections. These include core-valence electron correlation, higher-order coupled cluster terms beyond perturbative triples, scalar relativistic effects, and the diagonal Born-Oppenheimer correction. Sub-wavenumber accuracy is achieved for the majority of experimentally known vibrational energy levels with the four fundamentals of 12CH4 reproduced with a root-mean-square error of 0.70 cm−1. The computed ab initio equilibrium C–H bond length is in excellent agreement with previous values despite pure rotational energies displaying minor systematic errors as J (rotational excitation) increases. It is shown that these errors can be significantly reduced by adjusting the equilibrium geometry. The PES represents the most accurate ab initio surface to date and will serve as a good starting point for empirical refinement.
Cathodoluminescence spectrum imaging analysis of CdTe thin-film bevels
Authors: Moseley John , Al-Jassim Mowafak M. , Guthrey Harvey L. , Burst James M. , Duenow Joel N. , Ahrenkiel Richard K. , Metzger Wyatt K.
Published: September 2016

We conducted T= 6 K cathodoluminescence (CL) spectrum imaging with a nanoscale electron beam on beveled surfaces of CdTe thin films at the critical stages of standard CdTe solar cell fabrication. We find that the through-thickness CL total intensity profiles are consistent with a reduction in grain-boundary recombination due to the CdCl2 treatment. The color-coded CL maps of the near-band-edge transitions indicate significant variations in the defect recombination activity at the micron and sub-micron scales within grains, from grain to grain, throughout the film depth, and between films with different processing histories. We estimated the grain-interior sulfur-alloying fraction in the interdiffused CdTe/CdS region of the CdCl2-treated films from a sample of 35 grains and found that it is not strongly correlated with CL intensity. A kinetic rate-equation model was used to simulate grain-boundary (GB) and grain-interior CL spectra. Simulations indicate that the large reduction in the exciton band intensity and relatively small decrease in the lower-energy band intensity at CdTe GBs or dislocations can be explained by an enhanced electron-hole non-radiative recombination rate at the deep GB or dislocation defects. Simulations also show that higher GB concentrations of donors and/or acceptors can increase the lower-energy band intensity, while slightly decreasing the exciton band intensity.
Distinguishing between direct and indirect directional couplings in large oscillator networks: Partial or non-partial phase analyses?
Authors: Rings Thorsten , Lehnertz Klaus
Published: September 2016

We investigate the relative merit of phase-based methods for inferring directional couplings in complex networks of weakly interacting dynamical systems from multivariate time-series data. We compare the evolution map approach and its partialized extension to each other with respect to their ability to correctly infer the network topology in the presence of indirect directional couplings for various simulated experimental situations using coupled model systems. In addition, we investigate whether the partialized approach allows for additional or complementary indications of directional interactions in evolving epileptic brain networks using intracranial electroencephalographic recordings from an epilepsy patient. For such networks, both direct and indirect directional couplings can be expected, given the brain's connection structure and effects that may arise from limitations inherent to the recording technique. Our findings indicate that particularly in larger networks (number of nodes ≫10), the partialized approach does not provide information about directional couplings extending the information gained with the evolution map approach.
Experimental demonstration of acoustic wave induced magnetization switching in dipole coupled magnetostrictive nanomagnets for ultralow power computing
Authors: Sampath Vimal , D'Souza Noel , Atkinson Gary M. , Bandyopadhyay Supriyo , Atulasimha Jayasimha
Published: September 2016

Dipole-coupled cobalt nanomagnet pairs of elliptical shape (with their major axes parallel) are delineated on 128° Y-cut lithium niobate. Each pair is initially magnetized along the major axis with a magnetic field forming the (↑↑) state. When an acoustic wave (AW) is launched in the substrate from interdigitated electrodes, the softer nanomagnet in the pair flips to produce the (↑↓) state since the AW modulates the stress anisotropy. This executes the logical NOT operation because the output bit encoded in the magnetization state of the softer nanomagnet becomes the logic complement of the input bit encoded in the magnetization of the harder one. The AW acts as a clock to trigger the NOT operation and the energy dissipated is a few tens of aJ. Such AW clocking can be utilized to flip nanomagnets in a chain sequentially to steer logic bits unidirectionally along a nanomagnetic logic wire with miniscule energy dissipation.
PowerGAMA: A new simplified modelling approach for analyses of large interconnected power systems, applied to a 2030 Western Mediterranean case study
Authors: Svendsen Harald G. , Spro Ole Chr
Published: September 2016

This paper describes a modelling approach suitable for assessments of future scenarios for renewable energy integration in large and interconnected power systems, based on sequential optimal power flow computations that take into account variability in power consumption, in renewable power production, energy storage, and flexible demand. The approach and the implementation as an open source Python package called Power Grid And Market Analysis is described in some detail. Particular emphasis is put on the modelling of energy storage systems, and the use of storage values as a means to define storage utilisation strategies. A case study representing a 2030 scenario for the Western Mediterranean region is then analysed using this approach. The main aim of this study is to assess the benefit for the system of adding flexibility in terms of storage associated with concentrated solar power or flexible demand. But other results are also presented, such as the resulting energy mix, generation costs, price variations, and grid congestion.
Hardness and microstructural inhomogeneity at the epitaxial interface of laser 3D-printed Ni-based superalloy
Authors: Qian Dan , Zhang Anfeng , Zhu Jianxue , Li Yao , Zhu Wenxin , Qi Baolu , Tamura Nobumichi , Li Dichen , Song Zhongxiao , Chen Kai
Published: September 2016

In this letter, microstructural and mechanical inhomogeneities, a great concern for single crystal Ni-based superalloys repaired by laser assisted 3D printing, have been probed near the epitaxial interface. Nanoindentation tests show the hardness to be uniformly lower in the bulk of the substrate and constantly higher in the epitaxial cladding layer. A gradient of hardness through the heat affected zone is also observed, resulting from an increase in dislocation density, as indicated by the broadening of the synchrotron X-ray Laue microdiffraction reflections. The hardening mechanism of the cladding region, on the other hand, is shown to originate not only from high dislocation density but also and more importantly from the fine γ/γ′ microstructure.
Controlling the intracell diffusion behaviour of Ag monomers on Si(111)-(7 × 7) by voltage pulse manipulation
Authors: Song Xin , Wang Zhongping , Liu Xiaoqing , Dong Mingdong , Wang Li
Published: September 2016

In this paper, we present the controlled modulation of the intracell diffusion energy barrier of silver (Ag) monomers on the Si(111)-(7 × 7) substrate through voltage pulses. After the voltage pulse is performed, the diffusion energy barrier of Ag monomers on Si(111)-(7 × 7) could be locally increased. Such changes consequently enable us to gradually restrict the diffusion area of Ag monomers. It provides a way to control the diffusion behavior of single atoms or molecules by modulating the diffusion energy barrier through indirectly performing voltage pulse on the substrate.
Obtaining the magnetic susceptibility of the heme complex from DFT calculations
Authors: Pereira L. M. O. , Resende S. M. , Leite Alves H. W.
Published: September 2016

Magnetic field interactions with particles, as observed in magnetophoresis, are becoming important tool to understand the nature of the iron role in heme molecular complex, besides other useful applications. Accurate estimations of some macroscopic magnetic properties from quantum mechanical calculations, such as the magnetic susceptibility, can also check the reliability of the heme microscopic models. In this work we report, by using the Stoner criterion, a simple way to obtain the magnetic susceptibility of the heme complex from Density Functional Theory calculations. Some of our calculated structural properties and electronic structure show good agreement with both the available experimental and theoretical data, and the results show that its groundstate is a triplet 3A state. From the obtained results, we have evaluated the exchange interaction energy, J = 0.98 eV, the associated magnetic energy gain, ΔEM=−0.68 eV, and the magnetic susceptibility, χ0=1.73×10−6 cm3/mol for the heme alone (with uncompleted Fe ligands). If we consider the heme complex with the two histidine residues (completing the Fe ligands), we have then obtained χ0=5.27×10−12 cm3/g, which is in good agreement with experimental magnetophoresis data.
Surface engineering of SPIONs: role of phosphonate ligand multivalency in tailoring their efficacy
Authors: Lam Tina , Avti Pramod K , Pouliot Philippe , Tardif Jean-Claude , Rhéaume Éric , Lesage Frederic , Kakkar Ashok
Published: September 2016

We report the design of scaffolds containing mono-, bis-, and tris-phosphonate coordinating groups, and a polyethylene glycol chain, for stabilizing superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs), using simple and versatile chemistry. We demonstrate that the number of anchoring phosphonate sites on the ligand influence the colloidal stability, magnetic and biological properties of SPIONs, and the latter do not solely depend on attaching moieties that can enhance their aqueous dispersion. These parameters can be tailored by the number of conjugation sites on the ligand, as evidenced from dynamic light scattering at various salt concentrations, magnetic relaxivities and cell viability studies.
Effect of Heat Treatments on Starch Pasting, Particle Size, and Color of Whole‐Grain Barley
Authors: Boyd Lindsey , Storsley Joanne , Ames Nancy
Published: September 2016

Barley β‐glucan has cholesterol‐lowering properties and can be positively affected by heat treatments. The aim of this study was to examine the effects of heat treatments of whole‐grain barley on starch pasting, particle size, and color. Three heat treatments (micronization, roasting, and conditioning) were performed on three cultivars of barley (CDC Rattan, CDC McGwire, and CDC Fibar). All three heat treatments increased peak, breakdown, setback, and final viscosity of CDC Rattan and CDC Fibar. However, they had little effect on the starch‐pasting profile of CDC McGwire. Roasting and conditioning reduced the mean particle size compared with untreated particles, whereas micronization had minimal effect. Heat treatments reduced L* and increased a* and b* compared with no treatment. Overall, this research shows that heat treatments can change other properties of barley that may affect its function in food applications.
The Effect of Substance Use Disorders on the Association Between Guideline-concordant Long-term Opioid Therapy and All-cause Mortality
Authors: Gaither Julie R. , Goulet Joseph L. , Becker William C. , Crystal Stephen , Edelman E. Jennifer , Gordon Kirsha , Kerns Robert D. , Rimland David , Skanderson Melissa , Justice Amy C. , Fiellin David A.
Published: September 2016

Objective:

Patients with substance use disorders (SUDs) prescribed long-term opioid therapy (LtOT) are at risk for overdose and mortality. Prior research has shown that receipt of LtOT in accordance with clinical practice guidelines has the potential to mitigate these outcomes. Our objective was to determine whether the presence of a SUD modifies the association between guideline-concordant care and 1-year all-cause mortality among patients receiving LtOT for pain.

Methods:

Among HIV+ and HIV− patients initiating LtOT (≥90 days opioids) between 2000 and 2010 as part of the Veterans Aging Cohort Study, we used time-updated Cox regression and propensity-score matching to examine—stratified by SUD status—the association between 1-year all-cause mortality and 3 quality indicators derived from national opioid-prescribing guidelines. Specifically, we examined whether patients received psychotherapeutic cointerventions (≥2 outpatient mental health visits), benzodiazepine coprescriptions (≥7 days), and SUD treatment (≥1 inpatient day or outpatient visit). These indicators were among those found in a previous study to have a strong association with mortality.

Results:

Among 17,044 patients initiating LtOT, there were 1048 (6.1%) deaths during 1 year of follow-up. Receipt of psychotherapeutic cointerventions was associated with lower mortality in the overall sample and was more protective in patients with SUDs (adjusted hazard ratio [AHR] 0.43, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.33–0.56 vs AHR 0.65, 95% CI 0.53–0.81; P for interaction = 0.002). Benzodiazepine coprescribing was associated with higher mortality in the overall sample (AHR 1.41, 95% CI 1.22–1.63), but we found no interaction by SUD status (P for interaction = 0.11). Among patients with SUDs, receipt of SUD treatment was associated with lower mortality (AHR 0.43, 95% CI 0.33–0.57).

Conclusions:

For clinicians prescribing LtOT to patients with untreated SUDs, engaging patients with psychotherapeutic and SUD treatment services may reduce mortality. Clinicians should also avoid, when possible, prescribing opioids with benzodiazepines.
An Extremely Rare Disorder of Somatic Mosaicism
Authors: Anderson Sharon , Brooks Susan Sklower
Published: September 2016

Background:

CLOVES (Congenital Lipomatous Overgrowth, Vascular malformations, Epidermal nevi Scoliosis, Skeletal, Spinal) syndrome is an extremely rare, complex, non-Mendelian genetic condition with clinical overlap to several other overgrowth syndromes.

Purpose:

This article shares an interesting case report of the prenatal to postnatal diagnostic course for an infant with this condition.

Case Findings/Results:

It shares prenatal and postnatal images and imaging studies which helped confirm the diagnosis. In addition, the unusual genetic causes of the condition as well as recommended patient-specific management and treatment therapies for this complex condition are discussed.

Implications for Practice:

Practice implications include honing of physical examination skills and facilitating diagnostic testing required to differentiate CLOVES syndrome from similar conditions. Providers must provide ongoing information and ensure support to families during this diagnostic process. In addition, the majority of care will likely be provided beyond the newborn period. As such, providers must facilitate outpatient follow-up with a number of consultants after hospital discharge.

Implications for Research:

Because CLOVES syndrome is so rare, research in this area is limited to a small number of field experts. These experts, however, are well-suited to continue research surrounding disease management and lesion treatment (whether surgical, procedural, or medical) moving forward.
Model for a Healthy Work Environment
Authors: Blevins Jamie
Published: September 2016

The Healthy Work Environment (HWE) Model, considered a model of standards of professional behaviors, was created to help foster an environment that is happy, healthy, realistic, and feasible. The model focuses on areas of PEOPLE and PRACTICE, where each letter of these words identifies core, professional qualities and behaviors to foster an environment amenable and conducive to accountability for one's behavior and action. Each of these characteristics is supported from a Christian, biblical perspective. The HWE Model provides a mental and physical checklist of what is important in creating and sustaining a healthy work environment in education and practice.
Voluntary and evoked behavioral correlates in inflammatory pain conditions under different social housing conditions
Authors: Pitzer Claudia , Kuner Rohini , Tappe-Theodor Anke
Published: September 2016

Most preclinical pain models rely on short-duration stimulus-evoked hind paw measurements even though chronic pain is usually a day and night experience. Pain is a debilitating condition that influences the sociability and the ability for voluntary tasks, but the relevant behavioral readouts for these aspects are mostly underrepresented in the literature. Moreover, we lack standardization in most behavioral paradigms. Important aspects are herewith the combination and duration of particular behavioral tasks and the effects of social environment. We aimed at thoroughly investigating stimulus-evoked and voluntary behavioral parameters in the Complete Freund's Adjuvant model of unilateral hind paw inflammation in male mice. Moreover, we analyzed the impact of different social housing conditions. We used a portfolio of classical response measurements, detailed gait analysis, using 2 different measuring systems (Dynamic weight bearing and CatWalk), as well as observer-independent voluntary wheel running and homecage monitoring in a longitudinal time frame. The impact of grouped or isolated housing was investigated in all behavioral paradigms. We observed that unilateral hind paw inflammation provoked changes in several behaviors. Among these were wheel running activity and different homecage activity parameters. Stimulus-evoked hypersensitivity lasted much longer than gait abnormalities and decreased voluntary wheel running activity. Similar effects were monitored in both social housing conditions. This is the first longitudinal study providing detailed insights into various voluntary behavioral parameters related to pain in a unilateral inflammatory model. Stimulus-evoked behavioral changes lasted longer than changes in voluntary behavioral parameters, and the social environment hardly affects these changes.
Postinflammatory hyperpigmentation after human cold pain testing
Authors: Wolz Melissa J. , Sadler Katelyn E. , Long Caela C. , Brenner Daniel S. , Kim Brian S. , Gereau Robert W. , Kolber Benedict J.
Published: September 2016

Changes in cold temperature sensitivity are often associated with chronic pain conditions. Progress in understanding the neurobiological mechanism underlying these changes and resulting development of effective therapies has been slowed by the accessibility and affordability of devices used to measure thermal sensitivity in humans. To address this gap, we developed an inexpensive method to measure cold pain thresholds in healthy adult volunteers using dry ice and a thermode. However, early in preliminary testing, a subject presented with epidermal postinflammatory hyperpigmentation that lasted for >200 days. Although this response was unique among the small number of subjects in development of the assay, it raised questions as to the safety of the assay design.
The dark side of opioids in pain management: basic science explains clinical observation
Authors: Rivat Cyril , Ballantyne Jane
Published: September 2016

Introduction:

In the past 2 decades, opioids have been used increasingly for the treatment of persistent pain, and doses have tended to creep up. As basic science elucidates mechanisms of pain and analgesia, the cross talk between central pain and opioid actions becomes clearer.

Objectives:

We aimed to examine the published literature on basic science explaining pronociceptive opioid actions, and apply this knowledge to clinical observation.

Methods:

We reviewed the existing literature on the pronociceptive actions of opioids, both preclinical and clinical studies.

Results:

Basic science provides a rationale for the clinical observation that opioids sometimes increase rather than decrease pain. Central sensitization (hyperalgesia) underlies pain chronification, but can also be produced by high dose and high potency opioids. Many of the same mechanisms account for both central pain and opioid hyperalgesia.

Conclusion:

Newly revealed basic mechanisms suggest possible avenues for drug development and new drug therapies that could alter pain sensitization through endogenous and exogenous opioid mechanisms. Recent changes in practice such as the introduction of titration-to-effect for opioids have resulted in higher doses used in the clinic setting than ever seen previously. New basic science knowledge hints that these newer dosing practices may need to be reexamined. When pain worsens in a patient taking opioids, can we be assured that this is not because of the opioids, and can we alter this negative effect of opioids through different dosing strategies or new drug intervention?
Oral Health in Electroconvulsive Therapy
Authors: Muzyka Brian C. , Glass Magdalena , Glass Oliver M.
Published: September 2016

Psychiatric medications may have serious and untoward adverse effects such as blurred vision, restlessness, agranulocytosis, muscle rigidity, and tremors. When compared to medications, electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is becoming a more acceptable treatment due to its efficacy, tolerability, and minimal adverse effect profile. Oral trauma can be an ECT-related adverse effect. We reviewed the published literature on oral health and dental protection in patients undergoing ECT, and found that there are deficits in all guidelines on dental protection during ECT. Dental assessment and treatment before and after ECT is warranted. Given the increased risk of poor oral health in psychiatric patients, and the continued evolution of ECT as a mainstay treatment, it is important that studies be conducted to determine the optimal method of oral protection. If adequate care can be ensured, the risks of ECT-induced oral trauma will be minimized.
A spatially resolved network spike in model neuronal cultures reveals nucleation centers, circular traveling waves and drifting spiral waves
Authors: Paraskevov A. V. , Zendrikov D.K.
Published: September 2016

We show that in model neuronal cultures, where the probability of interneuronal connection formation decreases exponentially with increasing distance between the neurons, there exists a small number of spatial nucleation centers of a network spike, from where the synchronous spiking activity starts propagating in the network typically in the form of circular traveling waves. The number of nucleation centers and their spatial locations are unique and unchanged for a given realization of neuronal network but are different for different networks. In contrast, if the probability of interneuronal connection formation is independent of the distance between neurons, then the nucleation centers do not arise and the synchronization of spiking activity during a network spike occurs spatially uniform throughout the network. Therefore one can conclude that spatial proximity of connections between neurons is important for the formation of nucleation centers. It is also shown that fluctuations of the spatial density of neurons at their random homogeneous distribution typical for the experimentsin vitrodo not determine the locations of the nucleation centers. The simulation results are qualitatively consistent with the experimental observations.
MTQuant: “Seeing” Beyond the Diffraction Limit in Fluorescence Images to Quantify Neuronal Microtubule Organization
Authors: Cooper Roshni , Yogev Shaul , Shen Kang , Horowitz Mark
Published: September 2016

Motivation:

Microtubules (MTs) are polarized polymers that are critical for cell structure and axonal transport. They form a bundle in neurons, but beyond that, their organization is relatively unstudied.

Results:

We present MTQuant, a method for quantifying MT organization using light microscopy, which distills three parameters from MT images: the spacing of MT minus-ends, their average length, and the average number of MTs in a cross-section of the bundle. This method allows for robust and rapidin vivoanalysis of MTs, rendering it more practical and more widely applicable than commonly-used electron microscopy reconstructions. MTQuant was successfully validated with three ground truth data sets and applied to over 3000 images of MTs in aC. elegansmotor neuron.

Availability:

MATLAB code is available athttp://roscoope.github.io/MTQuant

Contact:

horowitz@stanford.edu

Supplementary information

Supplementary data are available atBioinformaticsonline.
Insertion patterns ofP{lacW}andP{EP}artificial transposons on the third chromosome ofDrosophila melanogaster
Authors: Popa Laura I. , Ratiu Attila C. , Ecovoiu Alexandru Al.
Published: September 2016

Insertional mutagenesis experiments performed onDrosophila melanogastermodel often relies on induced mobilization of artificial transposons derived from P mobile element. In an attempt to detect transposition preferences, we accomplished a pilot study concerning the insertional patterns ofP{lacW}andP{EP}constructs in the third chromosome ofD. melanogaster.Our inventory inquiry considered 2177 insertions ofP{lacW}and 1646 insertions ofP{EP}available in FB2016_02 release of FlyBase and revealed insertional hotspots and coldspots in 3L and 3R, but also a preference of both artificial transposons to insert in 3R. The general distribution ofP{lacW}andP{EP}insertions appears to be similar but not identical, probably due to differences in size and molecular architecture of these transposons. Our results may have predictive value for experimental design of insertional mutagenesis screenings, but are also expected to contribute to a better understanding ofPtransposon biology.
In
situ observation of the motion of ferroelectric domain walls in Bi4Ti3O12 single crystals
Authors: Ye Wanneng , Tang Lingli , Lu Chaojing , Li Huabing , Zhou Yichun
Published: September 2016

Five types of ferroelectric domain walls (DWs) are present in Bi4Ti3O12 single crystals (Ye et al., 2015). Here their motion was investigated in situ using transmission electron microscopy and optical microscopy. The motion of P
(a)-90° DWs, P
(a)-180° DWs and P
(c)-180° DWs was observed through electron beam poling in a transmission electron microscope. The growth of new P
s(a)-180° nanodomains was frequently seen and they tended to nucleate at preexisting P
s(a)-90° DWs. Irregularly curved P
(c)-180° DWs exhibit the highest mobility, while migration over a short range occurs occasionally for faceted P
s(a)-90° DWs. In addition, the motion of P
s(a)-90° DWs and the growth/annihilation of new needle-like P
s(a)-90° domains in a 20 µm-thick crystal were observed under an external electric field on an optical microscope. Most of the new needle-like P
s(a)-90° domains nucleate at preexisting P
s(a)-90° DWs and the former are much smaller than the latter. This is very similar to the situation for P
s(a)-180° domain switching induced by electron beam poling in a transmission electron microscope. Our observations suggest the energy hierarchy for different domains of P
s(c)-180° ≤ P
s(a)-180° ≤ P
s(a)-90° ≤ new needle-like P
s(a)-90° in ferroelectric Bi4Ti3O12.
Crystal structure and fluorescence properties of catena-poly[[(2,2′-bi-1H-imidazole-κ2
N,N′)cadmium]-di-μ-chlorido]
Authors: Liu Yang , Liu Hai-Hui
Published: September 2016

In the polymeric title compound, [CdCl2(C6H6N4)]
n
, the central CdII atom is coordinated by four chloride ligands and two N atoms from a chelating 2,2′-bi-1H-imidazole molecule, leading to a distorted octahedral Cl4N2 coordination set. As a result of the μ2-bridging character of the Cl ligands, chains parallel to the c axis are formed, with the chelating 2,2′-bi-1H-imidazole ligands decorated on both sides of the chain. The luminescence properties of the complex dispersed in dimethylformamide shows that the emission intensities are significantly quenched by nitrobenzene.
2-(2-Azabicyclo[3.2.1]octa-3,6-dien-2-yl)-1,3-dimethoxyimidazolium hexafluoridophosphate
Authors: Haslinger Simone , Laus Gerhard , Wurst Klaus , Schottenberger Herwig
Published: September 2016

The title salt, C12H16N3O2+·PF6−, was obtained by the dipolar cycloaddition of norbornadiene to 2-azido-1,3-dimethoxyimidazolium hexafluoridophosphate. The methoxy groups attached to the imidazolium ring of the cation adopt ananticonformation [displacements of the C atoms from the ring plane = 1.386 (4) and −1.404 (3) Å]. In the crystal, weak inter-ionic C—H...F contacts are observed. The structure was refined as a two-component twin. Positional disorder of the fluorine atoms of the PF6anion was observed, the occupancy ratio being 0.562 (16):0.438 (16).
Foresight in cities: on the possibility of a “strategic urban intelligence”
Authors: Ravetz Joe , Miles Ian Douglas
Published: September 2016

Purpose

This paper aims to review the challenges of urban foresight via an analytical method: apply this to the city demonstrations on the UK Foresight Future of Cities: and explore the implications for ways forward.

Design/methodology/approach

The methodology is based on the principles of co-evolutionary complex systems, a newly developed toolkit of “synergistic mapping and design”, and its application in a “synergy foresight” method.

Findings

The UK Foresight Future of Cities is work in progress, but some early lessons are emerging – the need for transparency in foresight method – and the wider context of strategic policy intelligence.

Practical implications

The paper has practical recommendations, and a set of propositions, (under active discussion in 2015), which are based on the analysis.

Originality/value

The paper aims to demonstrate an application of “synergy foresight” with wide benefits for cities and the communities within them.
Integrating variable renewables: the benefits of interconnecting thermal and hydropower regions
Authors: Tveten Åsa Grytli , Kirkerud Jon Gustav , Bolkesjø Torjus Folsland
Published: September 2016

Purpose

This study aims to investigate the effects of thermal–hydro interconnection on the revenues, market value and curtailment of variable renewable energy (VRE). The increasing market shares of VRE sources in the Northern European power system cause declining revenues for VRE producers, because of the merit-order effect. A sparsely studied flexibility measure for mitigating the drop in the VRE market value is increased interconnection between thermal- and hydropower-dominated regions.

Design/methodology/approach

A comprehensive partial equilibrium model with a high spatial and temporal resolution is applied for the analysis.

Findings

Model simulation results for 2030 show that thermal–hydro interconnection will cause exchange patterns that to a larger extent follow VRE production patterns, causing significantly reduced VRE curtailment. Wind value factors are found to decrease in the hydropower-dominated regions and increase in thermal power-dominated regions. Because of increased average electricity prices in most regions, the revenues are, however, found to increase for all VRE technologies. By only assuming the planned increases in transmission capacity, total VRE revenues are found to increase by 3.3 per cent and VRE electricity generation increases by 3.7 TWh.

Originality/value

The current study is, to the authors' knowledge, the first to analyze the effect of interconnection between thermal- and hydropower-dominated regions on the VRE market value, and the authors conclude that this is a promising flexibility measure for mitigating the value-drop of VRE caused by the merit-order effect. The study results demonstrate the importance of taking the whole power system into consideration when planning future transmission capacity expansions.
Facility location for a closed-loop distribution network: a hybrid approach
Authors: Ghadge Abhijeet , Yang Qifan , Caldwell Nigel , König Christian , Tiwari Manoj Kumar
Published: September 2016

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to find a sustainable facility location solution for a closed-loop distribution network in the uncertain environment created by of high levels of product returns from online retailing coupled with growing pressure to reduce carbon emissions.

Design/methodology/approach

A case study approach attempts to optimize the distribution centre (DC) location decision for single and double hub scenarios. A hybrid approach combining centre of gravity and mixed integer programming is established for the un-capacitated multiple allocation facility location problem. Empirical data from a major national UK retail distributor network is used to validate the model.

Findings

The paper develops a contemporary model that can take into account multiple factors (e.g. operational and transportation costs and supply chain (SC) risks) while improving performance on environmental sustainability.

Practical implications

Based on varying product return rates, SC managers can decide whether to choose a single or a double hub solution to meet their needs. The study recommends a two hub facility location approach to mitigate emergent SC risks and disruptions.

Originality/value

A two-stage hybrid approach outlines a unique technique to generate candidate locations under twenty-first century conditions for new DCs.
Pictorial metaphors for information
Authors: Hartel Jenna , Savolainen Reijo
Published: September 2016

Purpose

Arts-informed, visual research was conducted to document the pictorial metaphors that appear among original drawings of information. The purpose of this paper is to report the diversity of these pictorial metaphors, delineate their formal qualities as drawings, and provide a fresh perspective on the concept of information.

Design/methodology/approach

The project utilized pre-existing iSquare drawings of information that were produced by iSchool graduate students during a draw-and-write activity. From a data set of 417 images, 125 of the strongest pictorial metaphors were identified and subjected to cognitive metaphor theory.

Findings

Overwhelmingly, the favored source domain for envisioning information was nature. The most common pictorial metaphors were: Earth, web, tree, light bulb, box, cloud, and fishing/mining, and each brings different qualities of information into focus. The drawings were often canonical versions of objects in the world, leading to arrays of pictorial metaphors marked by their similarity.

Research limitations/implications

Less than 30 percent of the data set qualified as pictorial metaphors, making them a minority strategy for representing information as an image. The process to identify and interpret pictorial metaphors was highly subjective. The arts-informed methodology generated tensions between artistic and social scientific paradigms.

Practical implications

The pictorial metaphors for information can enhance information science education and fortify professional identity among information professionals.

Originality/value

This is the first arts-informed, visual study of information that utilizes cognitive metaphor theory to explore the nature of information. It strengthens a sense of history, humanity, nature, and beauty in our understanding of information today, and contributes to metaphor research at large.
The conceptual landscape of digital curation
Authors: Poole Alex H.
Published: September 2016

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to define and describe digital curation, an emerging field of theory and practice in the information professions that embraces digital preservation, data curation, and management of information assets over their lifecycle. It dissects key issues and debates in the area while arguing that digital curation is a vital strategy for dealing with the so-called data deluge.

Design/methodology/approach

This paper explores digital curation’s potential to provide an improved return on investment in data work.

Findings

A vital counterweight to the problem of data loss, digital curation also adds value to trusted data assets for current and future use. This paper unpacks data, the research enterprise, the roles and responsibilities of digital curation professionals, the data lifecycle, metadata, sharing and reuse, scholarly communication (cyberscholarship, publication and citation, and rights), infrastructure (archives, centers, libraries, and institutional repositories), and overarching issues (standards, governance and policy, planning and data management plans, risk management, evaluation, and metrics, sustainability, and outreach).

Originality/value

A critical discussion that focusses on North America and the UK, this paper synthesizes previous findings and conclusions in the area of digital curation. It has value for digital curation professionals and researchers as well as students in library and information science who may deal with data in the future. This paper helps potential stakeholders understand the intellectual and practical framework and the importance of digital curation in adding value to scholarly (science, social science, and humanities) and other types of data. This paper suggests the need for further empirical research, not only in exploring the actual sharing and reuse practices of various sectors, disciplines, and domains, but also in considering the the data lifecycle, the potential role of archivists, funding and sustainability, outreach and awareness-raising, and metrics.
Complexity, network theory, and the epistemological issue
Authors: Mazzocchi Fulvio
Published: September 2016

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to contribute to refine the conceptual framework of complexity. For such a purpose, a number of epistemologically oriented remarks are provided, arguing about the relevance of second-order considerations for complexity and the importance of pluralism in scientific research.

Design/methodology/approach

At first, the paper focuses on one of the topical areas of complexity research, i.e. network theory, but uses this for drawing the attention to more general issues. The underlying assumption is that scientific and philosophical research might complement each other, and that this is especially crucial for the advancement of complexity.

Findings

The paper suggests three ways for refining the scheme of complexity: analyzing it at the right level, i.e. not focusing on single principles or theories (e.g. network theory), but rather on the overall frame; including both ontological and epistemological considerations; and recognizing how the epistemological implications of complexity foster the adoption of a pluralist stance in scientific research (and beyond).

Social implications

The way in which science (complexity) is portrayed, i.e. as “perspectival” and inclined to pluralism, could impact on how it is thought, designed and socially perceived.

Originality/value

Complexity is one of most promising fields of contemporary science, but still lacks of a coherent frame of analysis. This requires an investigation from different point of views, as an object of interdisciplinary cooperation. The main paper’s value consists of providing second-order considerations which puts scientific findings in perspective and can contribute to a better understanding of their meaning from a philosophical standpoint too.