bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
KNOWLEDGE, ATTITUDES, AND PREFERENCES REGARDING DELIVERY METHODS AMONG PREGNANT WOMEN AT ISRA UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL, HYDERABAD.
Authors: Shabana Liaquat Ali Mugheri  , Nasreen Rebecca Wilson  , Sikandar Ali Mugheri  , Zafarullah  Junejo  , Humaira Sikandar Ali Mugheri  , Yasmeen Sikandar Ali Mugheri  , Jana Naz Solangi
Published: December 2024

Background: The choice between vaginal delivery (VD) and cesarean section (CS) plays a crucial role in determining maternal and neonatal health outcomes. The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends that CS rates ideally be 10-15% to optimize health outcomes. However, global trends indicate a rising incidence of CS, with projections suggesting that the rate could reach 29% by 2030. This growing trend raises concerns about the potential health risks associated with unnecessary CS, highlighting the need for informed decision-making regarding delivery methods.
Objective: The objective of this study was to assess the knowledge, attitudes, and preferences of pregnant women at Isra University Hospital, Hyderabad, regarding delivery methods.
Methodology: A cross-sectional study was conducted from July to September 2024, involving 50 women admitted to the gynecological ward at Isra University Hospital, Hyderabad. Non-probability convenience sampling was used for participant selection. Data were analyzed using IBM SPSS version 23, with descriptive statistics applied to demographic and study variables.
Results: The study found that 48% of participants were aged 20-29 years, 82% were unemployed and 44% were illiterate. The majority (80%) learned about delivery methods from family. While 66% of participants recognized the maternal risks associated with CS, 64% believed CS was less painful. A strong preference for VD was observed, with 78% viewing it as natural and 82% preferring it for its emotional benefits.
Conclusion: The study found that pregnant women had moderate knowledge and mixed attitudes toward delivery methods. Vaginal delivery was preferred for its emotional and natural benefits, while many favored cesarean section for its perceived pain reduction and convenience. Misconceptions about cesarean delivery highlighted the need for targeted educational interventions to provide accurate, evidence-based information to help women make informed choices.
EFFECTS OF CLOMIPHENE CITRATE DOSAGE AND EXERCISE MODALITY ON SPERM QUALITY IN HYPO-GONADAL MEN
Authors: Poshmal Zahid  , Shingraf Waseem  , Sundus Khalid  , Saqib Zaheer  , Rizwan Ahmed
Published: December 2024

Hypogonadism in men is a clinical condition characterized by insufficient production of testosterone leading to infertility.The aim of this study is to investigate the combined effects of varying clomiphene citrate (CC) dosages and different exercise modalities (aerobic vs. resistance training) on sperm quality parameters, including sperm count, motility, and morphology, hormonal changes and relationship between these attributes in hypogonadal men. This randomized, controlled trial involved 120 hypogonadal men aged 20-45, who were assigned to one of four groups to receive varying doses of CC (25 mg or 50 mg) combined with either aerobic or resistance training for 12 weeks. Sperm quality, hormonal levels, and quality of life were assessed at baseline and post-intervention. It was revealed that sperm concentration, motility, and morphology improved with increasing CC dosage, with the greatest improvements observed in the 50 mg CC + resistance training group. Testosterone levels increased significantly in all groups, with the highest increase in the 50 mg CC + resistance training group, while estradiol levels decreased modestly. Both LH and FSH levels were positively influenced by higher CC doses and resistance training, while prolactin levels decreased significantly. MIQoL scores also improved across all groups, with the greatest enhancement in the high-dose CC + resistance training group. Moreover, strong positive correlations were found between LH, FSH, and sperm quality parameters, while prolactin showed negative correlations with sperm concentration, motility, and morphology. CC when combined with resistance training, enhance sperm quality parameters, testosterone levels, and overall male infertility quality of life. Therfore it is recommended as a potential therapeutic approach for improving male reproductive health, particularly in individuals experiencing fertility challenges.
Activity-dependent lateral inhibition enables the synchronization of olfactory bulb projection neurons
Authors: Dalal Tal , Haddad Rafi
Published: December 2024

Information in the brain is represented by the activity of neuronal ensembles. These ensembles are adaptive and dynamic, formed and truncated based on the animal’s experience. One mechanism by which spatially distributed neurons form an ensemble is by synchronizing their spike times in response to a sensory event. In the olfactory bulb, odor stimulation evokes rhythmic gamma activity in spatially distributed mitral and tufted cells (MTCs). This rhythmic activity is thought to enhance the relay of odor information to the downstream olfactory targets. However, how specifically the odor-activated MTCs are synchronized is unknown. Here, we demonstrate that optogenetic activation of one set of MTCs can gamma-entrain the spiking activity of another set. This lateral synchronization was particularly effective when the recorded MTC fired at the gamma rhythm, facilitating the synchronization of only the substantially active MTCs. Furthermore, we show that lateral synchronization did not depend on the distance between the MTCs and is mediated by granule-cell layer neurons. In contrast, lateral inhibition between MTCs that reduced their firing rates was spatially restricted to adjacent MTCs and was not mediated by granule-cell layer neurons. This dissociation between these two interaction types suggests that they are mediated by different neural circuits. Our findings propose a simple yet robust mechanism by which spatially distributed neurons entrain each other spiking activity to form an ensemble.
SARS-CoV-2 nsp16 is regulated by host E3 ubiquitin ligases, UBR5 and MARCHF7
Authors: Tian Li , Liu Zirui , Gao Wenying , Zhao Zongzheng , Li Xiao , Zhang Wenyan , Li Zhaolong
Published: December 2024

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the virus responsible for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), is a global public health threat with a significant economic burden. The non-structural protein 16 (nsp16) of SARS-CoV-2, in complex with nsp10, catalyses the final step of viral mRNA capping via its 2’-O-methylase activity. This function helps the virus evade host immunity and protect viral mRNA from degradation. Current literature has not thoroughly investigated the host factors that regulate nsp16. Although various E3 ubiquitin ligases are known to interact with SARS-CoV-2 proteins, their specific roles in targeting nsp16 for degradation have not been elucidated. Here, we demonstrate that nsp16 is ubiquitinated and degraded by host E3 ubiquitin ligases UBR5 and MARCHF7, acting through the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS). UBR5 and MARCHF7 induce nsp16 degradation via K48-and K27-linked ubiquitination, respectively. Moreover, this degradation by either UBR5 or MARCHF7 is independent, and both processes inhibit SARS-CoV-2 replication in vitro as well as in vivo. Further, UBR5 and MARCHF7 exhibited broad-spectrum antiviral potential by degrading nsp16 variants from different SARS-CoV-2 strains. Our findings provide novel insights into the role of the UPS in antagonising SARS-CoV-2 replication and open new avenues for therapeutic interventions against COVID-19.
NOLC1 Suppresses Immuno-chemotherapy by Inhibiting p53-mediated Ferroptosis in Gastric Cancer
Authors: Zhao Shengsheng , Lin Ji , Zhu Bingzi , Jin Yin , Dong Qiantong , Ruan Xiaojiao , Jin Dan , Yi Yongdong , Bai Binglong , Li Hongzheng , Liang Danna , Lu Jianhua , Meng Letian , Wang Xiang , Cui Yuekai , Gu Yuyang , Shen Xian , Lu Xufeng , Rao Shangrui , Sun Weijian
Published: December 2024

Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the most malignant cancers, and cisplatin (Cis)-based chemotherapy remains the main clinical treatment for GC. However, Cis resistance often occurs, largely limiting its therapeutic efficacy in tumors. Therefore, a better understanding of the drug resistance mechanism could reveal new approaches for improving GC treatment efficacy. Here, we define the integrative role of nucleolar and coiled-body phosphoprotein 1 (NOLC1), a molecular chaperone that is significantly upregulated in GC tissues and Cis-resistant GC cells. Knocking down NOLC1 increased GC sensitivity to Cis by regulating ferroptosis. Mechanistically, NOLC1 binds to the p53 DNA binding domain (DBD), decreasing p53 nuclear translocation stimulated by Cis and suppressing p53 transcriptional functions. Then, the p53-mediated ferroptosis is suppressed. Furthermore, the silence of NOLC1 promoted ferroptosis-induced immunogenic cell death (ICD) and reprogrammed the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment, thereby increasing sensitivity to anti-programmed cell death-1 (PD-1) therapy plus Cis. The combination of anti-PD-1 plus Cis effectively inhibited GC growth without significant side effects. In summary, our findings reveal that targeting NOLC1 may be a novel therapeutic strategy for GC and may increase the efficacy of chemotherapy combined with immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) therapy.
A multisite validation of brain white matter pathways of resilience to chronic back pain
Authors: Mišić Mina , Lee Noah , Zidda Francesca , Sohn Kyungjin , Usai Katrin , Löffler Martin , Uddin Md Nasir , Farooqi Arsalan , Schifitto Giovanni , Zhang Zhengwu , Nees Frauke , Geha Paul , Flor Herta
Published: December 2024

Chronic back pain (CBP) is a global health concern with significant societal and economic burden. While various predictors of back pain chronicity have been proposed, including demographic and psychosocial factors, neuroimaging studies have pointed to brain characteristics as predictors of CBP. However, large-scale, multisite validation of these predictors is currently lacking. In two independent longitudinal studies, we examined white matter diffusion imaging data and pain characteristics in patients with subacute back pain (SBP) over 6- and 12-month periods. Diffusion data from individuals with CBP and healthy controls (HC) were analyzed for comparison. Whole-brain tract-based spatial statistics analyses revealed that a cluster in the right superior longitudinal fasciculus (SLF) tract had larger fractional anisotropy (FA) values in patients who recovered (SBPr) compared to those with persistent pain (SBPp), and predicted changes in pain severity. The SLF FA values accurately classified patients at baseline and follow-up in a third publicly available dataset (Area under the Receiver Operating Curve ~0.70). Notably, patients who recovered had FA values larger than those of HC suggesting a potential role of SLF integrity in resilience to CBP. Structural connectivity-based models also classified SBPp and SBPr patients from the three data sets (validation accuracy 67%). Our results validate the right SLF as a robust predictor of CBP development, with potential for clinical translation. Cognitive and behavioral processes dependent on the right SLF, such as proprioception and visuospatial attention, should be analyzed in subacute stages as they could prove important for back pain chronicity.
Traumatic dental injuries in permanent teeth among Arab children: prevalence, and associated risk factors—a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Hashim Raghad , Luke Alexander Maniangat , Salah Afraa , Mathew Simy
Published: December 2024

Introduction

There is no clear literature present till date assessing the prevalence of traumatic dental injuries and associated factors in children living in Arab countries. The purpose of this study was to systematically assess the prevalence, trends, and potential risk factors of traumatic dental injury (TDI) in permanent teeth among children and adolescents in Arab countries.

Methods

This study followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. The researchers conducted a comprehensive literature search in various databases, including PubMed, Cochrane library of systematic reviews, Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ), Google Scholar, and gray literature sources such as MDS dissertations and manuscripts. To analyze the collected data, the researchers used a random effects model for conducting meta-analyses. Pooled estimates of prevalence and odds ratios were derived, along with 95% confidence intervals (CI), to provide a measure of statistical precision and variability in the findings. For the studies that were considered, trend analysis was done. The risk of bias assessment of included studies was done using Newcastle–Ottawa tool for cross-sectional studies.

Results

A total of 545 articles were identified, of which 23 articles fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Quality assessment of included studies showed that twenty studies were of high quality and three studies showed low quality. The frequency of dental trauma in Arab children was 26% (95% CI [10–43]). Children with overjet of more than 3.5 mm were shown to be 1.78 times more likely to have dental injury than children with normal overjet (pooled odds ratio 1.78; 95% CI [1.17–2.70]). Males had a 2.06 times odds of TDI compared to females. Children with insufficient lip coverage had an odds ratio of 2.57, indicating a higher likelihood of oral injuries compared to those with appropriate lip coverage.

Conclusion

Significant correlations were obtained between the prevalence of dental trauma and other variables such as male gender, increased overjet, inadequate lip coverage, etc. Future population-based analytical research should concentrate on documenting the incidence and/or prevalence of TDI among marginalized communities in order to better understand the primary causes of TDI.
Effect of Organic Sources of Nutrients on Yield and Economics of Black Gram
Authors: Menariya Ajay , Kawade A. A. , Panchal V. V.
Published: December 2024

A research to study the effect of organic sources of nutrients on yield and economics of black gram was conducted at new experimental cum demonstration field, SVIAg, SVVV, Indore. The experimental soil was medium black clay in texture with low in available nitrogen (208.22 kg ha-1), medium in phosphorus (15.12 kg ha-1) and high in potassium (456.58 kg ha-1). The soil organic carbon content, pH, and EC was 0.50 per cent, 7.35, and 0.70 dSm-1 respectively. The experiment consists of nine treatments and replicated three times in Randomized Block Design which consists the use of poultry manure, vermicompost and different bio inoculants. The treatments includes T1: Absolute control, T2: Vermicompost manure (2 ton ha-1), T3: Poultry manure (2-ton ha-1), T4: Vermicompost manure (2 ton ha-1) + Rhizobium, T5: Vermicompost manure (2 ton ha-1) + PSB, T6: Poultry manure (2 ton ha-1) + Rhizobium, T7: Poultry manure (2 ton ha-1) + PSB, T8: Vermicompost manure+ Rhizobium + PSB and T9: Poultry manure + Rhizobium + PSB. Application of poultry manure + Rhizobium + PSB recorded highest yield and yield attributes such as no. of pods plant-1 (19.93), pod yield plant-1 (8.40 g), seed yield plant-1 (5.38 g), seed yield (8.48 q ha-1), straw yield (10.79 q ha-1) and biological yield (17.22 q ha-1) at harvest and was found to be at par with application of vermicompost + Rhizobium + PSB treatments. The highest value of gross monetary returns (₹ 71107.88 ha-1), cost of cultivation (₹ 51780.65 ha-1), net monetary returns (₹ 19327.23 ha-1) and B:C ratio (1.37) was recorded from treatment with the application of poultry manure + Rhizobium + PSB followed by treatment receiving vermicompost + Rhizobium + PSB treatment.
Method to measure the size of a radiographic field larger than a detector by imaging fluorescence X‐rays with a slit camera
Authors: Badal Andreu
Published: September 2021

Purpose

X‐ray imaging devices contain a collimator system that defines a rectangular irradiation field on the detector plane. The size and position of the X‐ray field, and its congruence with the corresponding light field, must be regularly tested for quality control. We propose a new method to estimate how far the x‐ray field extends beyond the detector which does not require the use of external detectors.

Methods

A metallic foil is inserted perpendicularly between the source and the detector. A slit camera, a linear extension of a pinhole camera, is used to project onto the detector the fluorescence X‐rays emitted by the irradiated foil. The location where the fluorescence signal inside the camera vanishes is used to extrapolate the location of the field boundary. Monte Carlo simulations were performed to determine the optimal composition and thickness of the foil. A prototype camera with a 1‐mm‐wide slit was built and tested in a clinical mammography and digital breast tomosynthesis (DBT) system.

Results

The simulations estimated that a foil made of 25 µm of Molybdenum provided the maximum signal inside the camera for a 39 kVp beam. The boundary of the X‐ray fields in mammography and DBT views were experimentally measured. With the camera along the chest wall side, the measured field in multiple DBT views had a variability of only 0.4 ± 0.1 mm compared to mammography. A difference in the measured boundary position of 2.4 and –1.0 mm was observed when comparing to measurements with a fluorescent ruler and self‐developing film.

Conclusion

The introduced technique provides a practical alternative method to detect the boundary of an X‐ray field. The method can be combined with other testing methods to assess the congruence of the X‐rays and light fields, and to determine if the X‐ray field extends beyond the detector more than permitted.
Strain‐Rate Sensitive Deformation Behavior under Tension and Compression of Al0.3CrFeCoNiMo0.2
Authors: Rymer Lisa-Marie , Frint Philipp , Lindner Thomas , Gebel Georg , Löbel Martin , Lampke Thomas
Published: September 2021

Herein, the strain‐rate sensitive deformation behavior of a sintered Al‐ and Mo‐modified CrFeCoNi high‐entropy alloy (HEA) is focused. The sintered microstructure is investigated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD), energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy (EDS), and X‐ray diffraction. It was found that after sintering, the microstructure is of very low porosity (<1%) and consists of an ultrafine Mo‐ and Cr‐rich σ phase embedded in a fine‐grained face‐centered cubic (FCC) matrix. Electron microscopy reveals another secondary phase in which Al and Ni are concentrated. For a detailed discussion of the deformation behavior under tension and compression, tensile and compression tests were conducted at strain rates of 10−3, 10, and 102 s−1. Strain‐rate sensitive deformation behavior in terms of strength is observed. The strain hardening rates show no significant strain rate sensitivity (SRS) up to strain rates of 10 s−1. However, at higher strain rates and under compressive loading, a distinctly increased strain hardening rate is found. Tension/compression asymmetry is determined since the SRS value m is twice as high under compression than under tension.
AIEgen‐Based Lifetime‐Probes for Precise Furin Quantification and Identification of Cell Subtypes
Authors: Jia Hui , Ding Defang , Hu Jingjing , Dai Jun , Yang Juliang , Li Guogang , Lou Xiaoding , Xia Fan
Published: September 2021

Biochemical sensing probes based on aggregation‐induced‐emission luminogens (AIEgens) are widely used in biological imaging and therapy, chemical sensing, and material sciences. However, it is still a great challenge to quantify the targets through fluorescence intensity of AIEgen probes due to their undesirable aggregations. Here, a PyTPA‐ZGO probe with three lifetime signals for precise quantification of furin is constructed: the lifetime signal 1 and signal 2 comes from AIEgen PyTPA‐P (τPn) and inorganic nanoparticles Zn2GeO4:Mn2+‐NH2 (τZn), respectively, while the lifetime signal 3 is marked as the composite dual‐lifetime signal (CDLSn, ). In contrast, the fluorescence intensity signal of PyTPA‐P shows defectively quantitative performance. Furthermore, it is found that the CDLSn exhibits higher significant differences than the two other lifetime signals (τPn and τZn) thanks to its wide range between the maximum and minimum signal values and small standard deviation. Therefore, CDLSn is further used to accurately identify cell subtypes based on the specific concentration of furin in each subtype. The lifetime criterion can realize precise quantification, and it should be a promising direction of AIEgen‐based quantitative analysis in the future.
Novel Architecture of Indoor Bifacial Dye‐Sensitized Solar Cells with Efficiencies Surpassing 25% and Efficiency Ratios Exceeding 95%
Authors: Venkatesan Shanmuganathan , Cho Yu‐Syuan , Liu I.‐Ping , Teng Hsisheng , Lee Yuh‐Lang
Published: September 2021

To prepare bifacial dye‐sensitized solar cells (DSSCs), the classical photoelectrode employing the main light‐absorbing layer (ML) and scattering layer (SL) will encounter the scattering effect of SL to the rear‐side incident light and, thereby, decrease the rear‐side efficiencies. To solve this problem, the SL has always been removed for the fabrication of bifacial cells. However, the front‐side efficiency decreases without the SL. Here, a novel structure of a TiO2 photoelectrode is developed for bifacial DSSCs to solve the contrary effect for cells with and without an SL, increasing both the front‐side and rear‐side efficiencies. This new structure is constructed by introducing an additional ML behind the SL of the traditional DSSC structure (ML/SL), creating a sandwich (ML/SL/ML) architecture of the TiO2 film. The results demonstrate that rear illuminated light can be harvested more efficiently by this photoelectrode because the light is absorbed first by the last ML before suffering the effect of the SL. By using D35 and XY1b as cosensitizers of the photoelectrode, the front‐side and rear‐side efficiencies of the bifacial cells can achieve 25.04% and 23.7%, respectively, under 1000 lux fluorescent lighting, which means a rear‐to‐front efficiency ratio of 95%. The cells also show high efficiencies under one‐sun conditions.
Long‐Range Charge Transportation Induced Organic Host–Guest Dual Color Long Persistent Luminescence
Authors: Huang Guanheng , Deng Ziqi , Pang Junhong , Li Jinghong , Ni Shaofei , Li Jian‐An , Zhou Chen , Li Hailin , Xu Bingjia , Dang Li , Li Ming‐De
Published: September 2021

Long persistent luminescence (LPL) can store light energy in excited states and gradually release it as light. Organic host–guest systems provide a good platform for LPL, and single‐color LPL is often achieved while multicolor LPL is challengeable. Here host–guest supramolecular complexes are presented with dual LPL emissions: thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) (≥100 ms) and room temperature phosphorescence (RTP). A space charge transfer from α‐cyclodextrin to diphenylacetylene (DPA) with long‐range transportation (2.32 mm) carrier along DPA strand in the supramolecular complexes is attributed to generate the TADF and RTP. Fortunately, these supramolecular complexes are readily fabricated from α‐cyclodextrin and DPA or DPA derivatives. The gradient color is observed after removing UV excitation. Furthermore, the hydrophobic property inside α‐cyclodextrin makes the LPL appear by water shedding and disappear by organic solvent infiltration, showing the character of a “switch.” This host–guest space charge transfer strategy paves a way to design LPL materials.
Tm2+ Activated SrB4O7 Bifunctional Sensor of Temperature and Pressure—Highly Sensitive, Multi‐Parameter Luminescence Thermometry and Manometry
Authors: Zheng Teng , Sójka Małgorzata , Runowski Marcin , Woźny Przemysław , Lis Stefan , Zych Eugeniusz
Published: September 2021

Noninvasive sensing of temperature and pressure offers new and exciting opportunities to investigate and monitor the variation of physicochemical and spectroscopic properties of materials under extreme conditions. In this work, Tm2+‐doped SrB4O7 phosphor material—a novel, contactless bifunctional, and multimodal optical sensor for pressure and temperature is reported. A series of SrB4O7: xTm2+ samples are synthesized via a high‐temperature solid‐state method in air. The impact of high pressure (up to ≈13 GPa) and temperature (from 10 to 400 K) on spectroscopic properties of SrB4O7:Tm2+ is investigated. The emission band of Tm2+ demonstrates a significant spectral shift and a band broadening as a function of both pressure and temperature. Such a result is a consequence of a significant change of vibronic components of the Tm2+ 4f125d ↔ 4f13 zero‐phonon line. The emission bandwidth and its spectral position exhibit excellent sensitivities to pressure, that is, ≈23.17 and ≈−11.85 cm−1 GPa−1, respectively. Furthermore, for the first time, it is shown that temperature sensing can be realized via four different pathways in a single material: i) bandwidth, ii) band shift, iii) band intensity ratio, and iv) luminescence lifetime, with maximal sensitivities of ≈3.85 cm−1 K−1, 1.44 cm−1 K−1, 1.48% K−1 and 4.16% K−1, respectively.
Profitability of dual‐purpose rye cover crop as influenced by harvesting date
Authors: Sadeghpour Amir , Adeyemi Oladapo , Reed Bryan , Fry Jim , Keshavarz Afshar Reza
Published: September 2021

Harvesting annual winter cereal rye (Secale cereale L.) (WCR) as an emergency forage could offset cover crop establishment costs, facilitate WCR adoption, and still provide multiple ecosystem benefits. A five site‐year trial was conducted in Colorado (CO) and Illinois (IL) to evaluate the effect of harvest date on WCR forage yield, quality, and its economic performance. From March to April, WCR dry matter (DM) yield increased exponentially in CO and linearly in IL. The DM yield at Julian day (DOY) 112–116 in CO was 6.9, 5.0, and 5.2 Mg ha–1 in 2018, 2019, and 2020, respectively, compared with 4.7 and 2.7 Mg ha–1 in IL in 2019 and 2020, respectively. Delayed harvesting increased acid detergent fiber and neutral detergent fiber concentrations and decreased crude, total digestible nutrients, and relative feed quality. Yield–quality trade‐off showed that forage yield increased rapidly but forage quality declined after DOY 105–108. Economic analysis, including cost of nutrient removal and 10% cash crop (corn [Zea mays L.]) yield penalty following WCR production revealed harvesting WCR biomass as forage was economically feasible in four out of five site‐years at hay price over $132 Mg–1. Eliminating corn yield penalty indicated profitability in four site‐years at hay price of ≥$110 Mg–1 and removing nutrient removal costs made all site‐years profitable at hay price of ≥$110 Mg–1. It was concluded that harvesting WCR biomass can be a profitable and effective strategy for sustainable intensification that can offer environmental stewardship and economic benefit.
Citizens or consumers? Seeking personhood through ‘personalised’ care in the National Disability Insurance Scheme
Authors: Piantedosi Diana Kate
Published: September 2021

National Disability Insurance Scheme (NDIS) funding rules determine who can access which supports. However, what is less frequently acknowledged, is that those rules produce an assumed model of personhood. Arguably, this becomes most evident when a case for funding reaches the Administrative Appeals Tribunal, where disputes are resolved between the administrators of the scheme (NDIA) and NDIS participants. In 2019, one such significant and controversial case asserted that ‘WRMF’, a woman living with multiple sclerosis, could use her NDIS funding to pay for the services of a sexual therapist. The basis for this ruling involved complex debates about citizenship and rights, which were embedded in contested notions of the person. In this paper, I use critical discourse analysis to examine these competing claims and the individualised framework in which WRMF's case was debated. The analysis reveals two key social justice issues: first, that there are limits to the citizenship available for people living with a disability (which assumes compulsory able‐bodiedness); second, that broader concepts of the person require explicit attention from the NDIS to embrace more expansive notions of citizenship for people living with a disability, including acknowledgement of sexual identities and needs.
Stepwise Generation of Mono‐, Di‐, and Triply‐Reduced Warped Nanographenes: Charge‐Dependent Aromaticity, Surface Nonequivalence, Swing Distortion, and Metal Binding Sites
Authors: Spisak Sarah N. , Zhou Zheng , Liu Shuyang , Xu Qi , Wei Zheng , Kato Kenta , Segawa Yasutomo , Itami Kenichiro , Rogachev Andrey Yu. , Petrukhina Marina A.
Published: September 2021

The stepwise chemical reduction of a molecular warped nanographene (WNG) having a negatively curved π‐surface and defined C80H30 composition with Cs metal used as the reducing and complexing agent allowed the isolation of three different reduced states with one, two, and three electrons added to its π‐conjugated system. This provided a unique series of nanosized carbanions with increasing negative charge for in‐depth structural analysis of consequences of controlled electron charging of non‐planar nanographenes, using X‐ray crystallographic and computational tools. The 3D molecular electrostatic potential (MEP) maps identified the negative charge localization at the central part of the WNG surface where selective coordination of Cs+ ions is confirmed crystallographically. In‐depth theoretical investigation revealed a complex response of the WNG to the stepwise electron acquisition. The extended and contorted π‐surface of the WNG undergoes subtle swinging distortions that are accompanied by notable changes in the electronic structure and site‐dependent aromaticity of the resulting carbanions.
Studying the Conversion Mechanism to Broaden Cathode Options in Aqueous Zinc‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Hao Junnan , Yuan Libei , Johannessen Bernt , Zhu Yilong , Jiao Yan , Ye Chao , Xie Fangxi , Qiao Shi‐Zhang
Published: September 2021

Aqueous Zn‐ion batteries (ZIBs) are regarded as alternatives to Li‐ion batteries benefiting from both improved safety and environmental impact. The widespread application of ZIBs, however, is compromised by the lack of high‐performance cathodes. Currently, only the intercalation mechanism is widely reported in aqueous ZIBs, which significantly limits cathode options. Beyond Zn‐ion intercalation, we comprehensively study the conversion mechanism for Zn2+ storage and its diffusion pathway in a CuI cathode, indicating that CuI occurs a direct conversion reaction without Zn2+ intercalation due to the high energy barrier for Zn2+ intercalation and migration. Importantly, this direct conversion reaction mechanism can be readily generalized to other high‐capacity cathodes, such as Cu2S (336.7 mA h g−1) and Cu2O (374.5 mA h g−1), indicating its practical universality. Our work enriches the Zn‐ion storage mechanism and significantly broadens the cathode horizons towards next‐generation ZIBs.
Rotation in an Enantiospecific Self‐Assembled Array of Molecular Raffle Wheels
Authors: Meier Dennis , Adak Abhishek K. , Knecht Peter , Reichert Joachim , Mondal Sourav , Suryadevara Nithin , Kuppusamy Senthil Kumar , Eguchi Keitaro , Muntwiler Matthias K. , Allegretti Francesco , Ruben Mario , Barth Johannes V. , Narasimhan Shobhana , Papageorgiou Anthoula C.
Published: September 2021

Tailored nano‐spaces can control enantioselective adsorption and molecular motion. We report on the spontaneous assembly of a dynamic system—a rigid kagome network with each pore occupied by a guest molecule—employing solely 2,6‐bis(1H‐pyrazol‐1‐yl)pyridine‐4‐carboxylic acid on Ag(111). The network cavity snugly hosts the chemically modified guest, bestows enantiomorphic adsorption and allows selective rotational motions. Temperature‐dependent scanning tunnelling microscopy studies revealed distinct anchoring orientations of the guest unit switching with a 0.95 eV thermal barrier. H‐bonding between the guest and the host transiently stabilises the rotating guest, as the flapper on a raffle wheel. Density functional theory investigations unravel the detailed molecular pirouette of the guest and how the energy landscape is determined by H‐bond formation and breakage. The origin of the guest's enantiodirected, dynamic anchoring lies in the specific interplay of the kagome network and the silver surface.
Strongly Coupled Cobalt Diselenide Monolayers for Selective Electrocatalytic Oxygen Reduction to H2O2 under Acidic Conditions
Authors: Zhang Xiao‐Long , Su Xiaozhi , Zheng Ya‐Rong , Hu Shao‐Jin , Shi Lei , Gao Fei‐Yue , Yang Peng‐Peng , Niu Zhuang‐Zhuang , Wu Zhi‐Zheng , Qin Shuai , Wu Rui , Duan Yu , Gu Chao , Zheng Xu‐Sheng , Zhu Jun‐Fa , Gao Min‐Rui
Published: September 2021

Electrosynthesis of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) in the acidic environment could largely prevent its decomposition to water, but efficient catalysts that constitute entirely earth‐abundant elements are lacking. Here we report the experimental demonstration of narrowing the interlayer gap of metallic cobalt diselenide (CoSe2), which creates high‐performance catalyst to selectively drive two‐electron oxygen reduction toward H2O2 in an acidic electrolyte. The enhancement of the interlayer coupling between CoSe2 atomic layers offers a favorable surface electronic structure that weakens the critical *OOH adsorption, promoting the energetics for H2O2 production. Consequently, on the strongly coupled CoSe2 catalyst, we achieved Faradaic efficiency of 96.7 %, current density of 50.04 milliamperes per square centimeter, and product rate of 30.60 mg cm−2 h−1. Moreover, this catalyst shows no sign of degradation when operating at −63 milliamperes per square centimeter over 100 hours.
Synthesis, Structure and Reactivity of a Cyapho‐Cyanamide Salt
Authors: Ergöçmen Doruk , Goicoechea Jose M.
Published: September 2021

We describe a facile synthesis of the cyapho‐cyanamide salt [Na(18‐crown‐6)][N(CN)(CP)] from reaction of [Na(18‐crown‐6)][PH2] (18‐crown‐6=1,4,7,10,13,16‐hexaoxacyclooctadecane) with dimethylN‐cyanocarbonimidate, (MeO)2C=N(CN). The reaction proceeds with elimination of two equivalents of methanol. Careful tuning of the reaction conditions allowed for the isolation and characterization of theN‐cyano(carboximidate)phosphide intermediate [HP{C(OMe)N(CN)}]−. Due to the adverse effects of methanol in these reaction mixtures, a bulk scale synthesis of [Na(18‐crown‐6)][N(CN)(CP)] could be achieved by addition of a base (LiHMDS) to neutralize the resulting alcohol. Further reactivity studies of this anion reveal that functionalization at the phosphorus atom is viable to yield a new family of cyanide‐functionalised phosphorus heterocycles.
Effects of thermal‐oxidative aging processes on tribological properties of polyformaldehyde and ultra‐high molecular weight polyethylene: A comparative study
Authors: Chen Song , Wei Lei , Cheng Bingxue , Shi Zhaoyao , Ding Yuejiao , Zhang Xiaohong , Duan Haitao
Published: September 2021

Using thermal‐oxidative aging and tribological experiments, effects of thermal‐oxidative aging processes on tribological properties of polyformaldehyde (POM) and ultra‐high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) were evaluated and compared with each other. It was found that the color of UHMWPE surface after aging has turned to yellow, while that of POM surface has no obvious change. The aging factors lead to dimensional change of UHMWPE disk specimens from the original circle to the ellipse in the meantime. Tribological experiments show that friction coefficients of the pairs of POM/GCr15 and UHMWPE/GCr15 tend to decrease after thermal‐oxidative aging, and the decreasing tendency in friction coefficients of POM/GCr15 is more distinct. The results of this study will contribute to the understanding of the relationship between aging and tribological properties of POM and UHMWPE, and enrich the theory of polymer tribology.
A poly(l‐lactic acid) braided stent with high mechanical properties during in vitro degradation in bile
Authors: Zhao Gutian , Tian Yuan , Hua Rixin , Liu Qingwei , Cheng Jie , Wu Gensheng , Zhang Yi , Ni Zhonghua
Published: September 2021

In this article, the mechanical properties and physicochemical indexes of a poly(l‐lactic acid) (PLLA) braided stent during in vitro degradation in bile for 270 days are characterized to investigate its applications in treating biliary strictures. The PLLA braided stent always maintains structural integrity well macroscopically without cracks or pits microscopically. During degradation, radial compressive force and chronic outward force are increased by 25.1% and 14.3%, respectively, bending stiffness and axial force are increased by 3.0% and 4.9%, respectively. These results indicate that PLLA braided stent can keep sufficient radial force and good bending performance during degradation in bile for 270 days, showing promising application prospects in treating severe benign biliary strictures demanding support for over half a year. Furthermore, almost no mass loss and 42.4% attenuation in molecular weight indicate the degradation mechanism of bulk erosion without obvious autocatalysis, causing decrease in bile pH. Degradation rate constant is 0.002 day−1 and crystallinity is increased by 8%. These results explain that PLLA braided stent can keep high mechanical properties during degradation in bile for 270 days, which is in the early stage of degradation. This study may bring new ideas into the applications of PLLA braided stents in treating biliary strictures.
Marine ecosystem science and the media: Exploring ways to improve news coverage through journalist–scientist working relations
Authors: Kolandai‐Matchett Komathi , Armoudian Maria , Thrush Simon , Hillman Jenny , Schwendenmann Luitgard , Jakobsson Julia , Haggitt Tim , O'Hara Blain Caitlin , Lear Gavin
Published: September 2021

The ocean's remoteness, ecological complexities, lengthy ecosystem processes, and vulnerability to multiple and cumulative anthropogenic threats make marine conservation communication particularly difficult. Both scientists and journalists face unique challenges in explaining the science of these often out‐of‐sight ecosystems. Given the inadequacies of marine news, improvement appeared necessary. However, the experiences and views of journalists and scientists have hardly been examined within marine news contexts. Thus, this study sought the perspectives of these two professional groups to provide a discussion on ways to improve news coverage of complex ocean issues through enhanced journalist–scientist working relations.

Both journalists and scientists rated the quantity, breadth and quality of marine news as average and were receptive to alternative ways for reporting ecosystem complexities. Although some frustrations remain, both valued impactful news stories resulting from their working relations and preferred direct contact with each other over indirect methods such as press releases and science news platforms. Both groups generally agreed on what to include in marine news, but scientists favoured a collaborative approach to news content decision‐making more strongly than journalists.

Journalists' and scientists' commonly shared views and goals concerning marine news identified in this study could serve as a common ground for uniting the two professions. Institutional policies that permit one‐on‐one journalist–scientist interactions could lead to mutual understandings about the contexts of their relationship challenges. More trustful and mutually beneficial relationships, in turn, could be a basis for a more collaborative news generation process. Compiling and making marine visuals readily accessible to journalists; training programmes that enhance journalists' and scientists' understanding of the influence of media message framing on conservation actions; media appreciation of marine ecosystem complexities' newsworthiness; and the notion of media's social responsibility in reporting marine conservation issues could contribute to more impactful coverage.
Thermal Expansion Properties and Mechanochemical Synthesis of Stoichiometric Cocrystals Containing Tetrabromobenzene as a Hydrogen‐ and Halogen‐Bond Donor
Authors: Ding Xiaodan , Crawford Adam W. , Derrick William P. , Unruh Daniel K. , Groeneman Ryan H. , Hutchins Kristin M.
Published: September 2021

The solution and mechanochemical synthesis of two cocrystals that differ in the stoichiometric ratio of the components (stoichiometric cocrystals) is reported. The components in the stoichiometric cocrystals interact through hydrogen or hydrogen/halogen bonds and differ in π‐stacking arrangements. The difference in structure and noncovalent interactions affords dramatically different thermal expansion behaviors in the two cocrystals. At certain molar ratios, the cocrystals are obtained concomitantly; however, by varying the ratios, a single stoichiometric cocrystal is achieved using mechanochemistry.
Individual cell‐based modeling of tumor cell plasticity‐induced immune escape after CAR‐T therapy
Authors: Zhang Can , Shao Changrong , Jiao Xiaopei , Bai Yue , Li Miao , Shi Hanping , Lei Jinzhi , Zhong Xiaosong
Published: September 2021

Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) therapy targeting CD19 is an effective treatment for refractory B cell malignancies, especially B‐cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B‐ALL). The majority of patients achieve a complete response following a single infusion of CD19‐targeted CAR‐modified T cells (CAR‐19 T cells); however, many patients suffer relapse after therapy, and the underlying mechanism remains unclear. To better understand the mechanism of tumor relapse, we developed an individual cell‐based computational model based on major assumptions of the tumor cells heterogeneity and plasticity as well as the heterogeneous responses to CAR‐T treatment. Model simulations reproduced the process of tumor relapse and predicted that cell plasticity induced by CAR‐T stress can lead to tumor relapse in B‐ALL. Model predictions were in agreement with experimental results of applying the second‐generation CAR‐T cells to mice injected with NALM‐6‐GL leukemic cells, in which 60% of the mice relapse within 3 months, relapsed tumors retained CD19 expression but exhibited a subpopulation of cells with high level CD34 transcription. The computational model suggests that the experimental data are compatible with a CAR‐T cell‐induced transition of tumor cells to hematopoietic stem‐like cells and myeloid‐like cells, which are resistant to the treatment. The proposed computational model framework was successfully developed to recapitulate the individual evolutionary dynamics and potentially allows to predict the outcomes of CAR‐T treatment through model simulation based on early‐stage observations of tumor burden and tumor cells analysis.
Open science practices for eating disorders research
Authors: Burke Natasha L. , Frank Guido K. W. , Hilbert Anja , Hildebrandt Thomas , Klump Kelly L. , Thomas Jennifer J. , Wade Tracey D. , Walsh B. Timothy , Wang Shirley B. , Weissman Ruth Striegel
Published: September 2021

This editorial seeks to encourage the increased application of three open science practices in eating disorders research: Preregistration, Registered Reports, and the sharing of materials, data, and code. For each of these practices, we introduce updated International Journal of Eating Disorders author and reviewer guidance. Updates include the introduction of open science badges; specific instructions about how to improve transparency; and the introduction of Registered Reports of systematic or meta‐analytical reviews. The editorial also seeks to encourage the study of open science practices. Open science practices pose considerable time and other resource burdens. Therefore, research is needed to help determine the value of these added burdens and to identify efficient strategies for implementing open science practices.
A European perspective on “clean eating”: Commentary on Negowetti et al. (2021)
Authors: Ghaderi Ata
Published: September 2021

Negowetti et al. (2021) have provided insightful perspectives on the public health implications of the labeling of “clean” dietary products in the United States through a scoping review, along with feasible strategies to counteract the risks of this trend. Although the European Union has already fairly strict regulations about declaration of ingredients and health claims regarding food that makes it almost impossible to label food products as “clean,” the clean eating trend is alive and expanding in Europe, and usage of expressions such as “clean” or “pure” in other ways than on the label may convey similar messages that cannot be regulated by law. Increased regulation, legislation, and information through the U.S. Food and Drug Administration as suggested by Negowetti et al. (2021) is a welcome contribution and will certainly help to prevent some misinformation. However, labels are just one battle field in addressing misleading expressions and trends. Scientists should enter the relevant fields (e.g., Internet, TV, and social media) to a higher extent and provide solid, pedagogical and simple facts, and guidelines to vaccinate people against current and upcoming misleading dietary trends.
Foraging strategies, craniodental traits, and interaction in the bite force of Neotropical frugivorous bats (Phyllostomidae: Stenodermatinae)
Authors: García‐Herrera Leidy Viviana , Ramírez‐Fráncel Leidy Azucena , Guevara Giovany , Reinoso‐Flórez Gladys , Sánchez‐Hernández Alfonso , Lim Burton K. , Losada‐Prado Sergio
Published: September 2021

Bats in the family Phyllostomidae exhibit great diversity in skull size and morphology that reflects the degree of resource division and ecological overlap in the group. In particular, the subfamily Stenodermatinae has high morphological diversification associated with cranial and mandibular traits that are associated with the ability to consume the full range of available fruits (soft and hard).

We analyzed craniodental traits and their relationship to the bite force in 343 specimens distributed in seven species of stenodermatine bats with two foraging strategies: nomadic and sedentary frugivory. We evaluated 19 traits related to feeding and bite force in live animals by correcting bite force with body size.

We used a generalized linear model (GLM) and post hoc tests to determine possible relationships and differences between cranial traits, species, and sex. We also used Blomberg's K to measure the phylogenetic signal and phylogenetic generalized least‐squares (PGLS) to ensure the phylogenetic independence of the traits.

We found that smaller nomadic species, A. anderseni and A. phaeotis , have a similar bite force to the large species A. planirostris and A. lituratus; furthermore, P. helleri registered a bite force similar to that of the sedentary bat, S. giannae. Our study determined that all the features of the mandible and most of the traits of the skull have a low phylogenetic signal. Through the PGLS, we found that the diet and several cranial features (mandibular toothrow length, dentary length, braincase breadth, mastoid breadth, greatest length of skull, condylo‐incisive length, and condylo‐canine length) determined bite force performance among Stenodermatiane.

Our results reinforce that skull size is a determining factor in the bite force, but also emphasize the importance of its relationships with morphology, ecology, and phylogeny of the species, which gives us a better understanding of the evolutionary adaptions of this highly diverse Neotropical bat group.