bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Standardization of the hospital record for osteopathic structural examination: Part 2. Effects of an educational intervention on documentation of palpatory and structural findings and diagnosis
Authors: Friedman Harry D. , Johnston William L. , Kelso Albert F. , Schwartz Frederic N. , Beal Myron C. , Seffinger Michael A.
Published: October 2018

The purpose of this two-part study was to develop and test an instructional videotape for use in the osteopathic hospital setting; to standardize a procedure for documentation of palpatory and structural findings and diagnoses; and to examine the program's influence on the correlation of palpable and structural findings with a diagnostic impression of somatic dysfunction. To that end, the authors analyzed results of a survey of the medical records of 20 osteopathic training hospitals. Patients' charts were randomly pulled before and after house staff who performed admitting hospital examinations viewed an educational videotape. The videotape emphasized that the structural and palpatory screening examination should simply answer the question, "Is there a problem in the musculoskeletal system?" Chi-square analysis was used to evaluate the frequency of documentation of altered structural findings (structure, motion, tissue changes) and the diagnostic impression of somatic dysfunction and their correlation. Based on more than 300 reviewed charts, the authors found that the frequency of documentation of structural and palpatory examination was not significantly altered after house staff viewed the videotape. A sequence of hospital-based instruction in osteopathic principles and practices has been initiated at more than 50 osteopathic medical institutions, and the problems related to continuing medical education and clinical research in osteopathic medicine are discussed.
Practice guidelines for the treatment of heart failure: A commentary on the facts you need to know
Authors: Stomel Robert J. , Gowman David P.
Published: October 2018

The federal Agency for Health Care Policy and Research has published its second set of guidelines in the field of internal medicine. These guidelines outline a comprehensive plan for the treatment of heart failure. They focus on the practical aspects of the management of patients with heart failure due to reduced left ventricular systolic performance (ejection fractions < 35% to 40%). They also offer expert opinion in the diagnosis and evaluation of heart failure and review clinical criteria for admission and discharge of these patients. Prevention of heart failure is a major focus of these current guidelines.
Single photon emission computed tomography scanning in diagnosis of a rare pelvic avulsion fracture
Authors: Gittins Mark E. , Krauss William D.
Published: October 2018

Avulsion fractures of the anterior inferior iliac spine are a relatively uncommon injury. Their diagnosis is usually made based on history, findings of the clinical examination, and standard roentgenograms. In the patient described, the diagnosis of avulsion of the anterior inferior iliac spine was made with the assistance of a single photon emission computed tomography scan, a relatively new diagnostic tool.
Chest wall metastasis after percutaneous fine-needle aspiration biopsy
Authors: Sing Ronald F. , Kefalides Paul T. , Mette Stephen A. , Fallahnejad Manoucher
Published: October 2018

Presented is a case of a chest wall metastasis due to tumor seeding along the needle tract from a percutaneous fine-needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) of a lung carcinoma. At thoracostomy, the patient was found to have a chest wall lesion at the site of the FNAB that had been performed 4 months earlier. This relatively uncommon complication has been reported elsewhere, but its significance with respect to the management of lung lesions suspected to be malignant has not been defined. The authors maintain that FNAB may not be indicated in select patients. The application of this diagnostic modality should be considered individually on the basis of the patient's operative risk as well as the risk for having a primary lung carcinoma develop.
Resource availability and adjustment of social behaviour influence patterns of inequality and productivity across societies
Authors: Rodrigues António M.M.
Published: October 2018

Animal societies vary widely in the diversity of social behaviour and the distribution of reproductive shares among their group members. It has been shown that individual condition can lead to divergent social roles and that social specialisation can cause an exacerbation or a mitigation of the inequality among group members within a society. This work, however, has not investigated cases in which resource availability varies between different societies, a factor that is thought to explain variation in the level of cooperation and the disparities in reproductive shares within each social group. In this study, I focus on how resource availability mediates the expression of social behaviour and how this, in turn, mediates inequality both within and between groups. I find that when differences in resource availability between societies persist over time, resource-rich societies become more egalitarian. Because lower inequality improves the productivity of a society, the inequality between resource-rich and resource-poor societies rises. When resource availability fluctuates over time, resource-rich societies tend to become more unequal. Because inequality hinders the productivity of a society, the inequality between resource-rich and resource-poor societies falls. From the evolutionary standpoint, my results show that spatial and temporal variation in resource availability may exert a strong influence on the level of inequality both within and between societies.
The potential contribution of miRNA-200-3p to the fatty acid metabolism by regulatingAjEHHADHduring aestivation in sea cucumber
Authors: Chen Muyan , Wang Shanshan , Li Xingke , Storey Kenneth B. , Zhang Xiumei
Published: October 2018

The sea cucumber (Apostichopus japonicus) has become a good model organism for studying environmentally-induced aestivation by a marine invertebrate more recently. In the present study, we hypothesized that miRNA-200-3p may contribute to establish rapid biological control to regulate fatty acid metabolism during a estivation. The peroxisomal bi-functional enzyme (EHHADH) is a crucial participant of the classical peroxisomal fatty acidβ-oxidation pathway, the relative mRNA transcripts and protein expressions of EHHADH were analyzed in intestine from sea cucumbers experienced long-term aestivation. Both mRNA transcripts and protein expressions of EHHADH in intestine decreased significantly during deep-aestivation as compared with non-aestivation controls. Analysis of the 3′ UTR ofAjEHHADHshowed the presence of a conserved binding site for miR-200-3p. Level of miR-200-3p showed an inverse correlation with EHHADH mRNA transcripts and protein levels in intestine, implicating miR-200-3p may directly targetedAjEHHADHby inducing the degradation ofAjEHHADHmRNA in the aestivating sea cucumber, further dual-luciferase reporter assay validated the predicted role of miRNA-200-3p in regulatingAjEHHADH. In order to further understand their regulatory mechanism, we conducted the functional experiment in vivo. The overexpression of miR-200-3p in sea cucumber significantly decreased mRNA and protein expression levels ofAjEHHADH. Taken together, these findings suggested the potential contribution of miRNA-200-3p to the fatty acid metabolism by regulatingAjEHHADHduring aestivation in sea cucumber.
Effects of knee extension with different speeds of movement on muscle and cerebral oxygenation
Authors: Formenti Damiano , Perpetuini David , Iodice Pierpaolo , Cardone Daniela , Michielon Giovanni , Scurati Raffaele , Alberti Giampietro , Merla Arcangelo
Published: October 2018

Background

One of the mechanisms responsible for enhancing muscular hypertrophy is the high metabolic stress associated with a reduced muscular oxygenation occurring during exercise, which can be achieved by reducing the speed of movement. Studies have tested that lowered muscle oxygenation artificially induced by an inflatable cuff, could provoke changes in prefrontal cortex oxygenation, hence, to central fatigue. It was hypothesized that (1) exercising with a slow speed of movement would result in greater increase in cerebral and greater decrease in muscle oxygenation compared with exercises of faster speed and (2) the amount of oxygenation increase in the ipsilateral prefrontal cortex would be lower than the contralateral one.

Methods

An ISS Imagent frequency domain near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) system was used to quantify oxygenation changes in the vastus lateralis muscle and prefrontal cortex (contra- and ipsilateral) during unilateral resistance exercises with different speeds of movement to voluntary fatigue. After one maximal repetition (1RM) test, eight subjects performed three sets of unilateral knee extensions (∼50% of 1RM), separated by 2 min rest periods, following the pace of 1 s, 3 s and 5 s for both concentric and eccentric phases, in a random order, during separate sessions. The amount of change for NIRS parameters for muscle (ΔHb: deoxyhemoglobin, ΔHbO: oxyhemoglobin, ΔHbT: total hemoglobin, ΔStO2: oxygen saturation) were quantified and compared between conditions and sets by two-way ANOVA RM. Differences in NIRS parameters between contra- and ipsilateral (lobe) prefrontal cortex and conditions were tested.

Results

Exercising with slow speed of movement was associated to larger muscle deoxygenation than normal speed of movement, as revealed by significant interaction (set × condition) for ΔHb (p = 0.01), and by significant main effects of condition for ΔHbO (p = 0.007) and ΔStO2 (p = 0.016). With regards to the prefrontal cortex, contralateral lobe showed larger oxygenation increase than the ipsilateral one for ΔHb, ΔHbO, ΔHbT, ΔStO2 in each set (main effect of lobe: p < 0.05). Main effects of condition were significant only in set1 for all the parameters, and significant interaction lobe × condition was found only for ΔHb in set1 (p < 0.05).

Discussion

These findings provided evidence that speed of movement influences the amount of muscle oxygenation. Since the lack of oxygen in muscle is associated to increased metabolic stress, manipulating the speed of movement may be useful in planning resistance-training programs. Moreover, consistent oxygenation increases in both right and left prefrontal lobes were found, suggesting a complementary interaction between the ipsi- and contralateral prefrontal cortex, which also seems related to fatigue.
Thysananthus ciliaris (Lejeuneaceae, Marchantiophyta): a new record of Thysananthus species for Thailand
Authors: Chantanaorrapint Sahut , Sukkharak Phiangphak , He Si
Published: October 2018

Thysananthus ciliaris (Sande Lac.) Sukkharak, a rare species from Sumatra and Peninsular Malaysia, was newly discovered in lowland evergreen forest, southern Thailand. A detailed description and illustrations are here provided.
РЕПЕРФУЗИОННОЕ ПОВРЕЖДЕНИЕ СЕРДЦА. ОСНОВНЫЕ ЗВЕНЬЯ ПАТОГЕНЕЗА, "Российский физиологический журнал им. И.М. Сеченова"
Authors: Маслов Л.Н. , Воронков Н. С. , Семенцов А. С. , Джагги А. С. , Де Петроцеллис Л. , Ванг Х. , Нестеров Е. А. , Лишманов Ю.Б.
Published: October 2018

Установлено, что Ca-перегрузка кардиомиоцитов и усиление продукции активных форм кислорода играют ключевую роль в реперфузионном повреждении (РП) клеток сердца. Показано, что реперфузия приводит к гибели клеток в результате некроза, некроптоза, апоптоза и, возможно, аутофагии и пироптоза. Роль ферроптоза в РП сердца сомнительна. Повышение активности симпатоадреналовой системы негативно влияет на устойчивость сердца к действию реперфузии. Ангиотезин II и эндотелин-1 усугубляют РП сердца. Установлено, что тромбоциты играют важную роль в ишемическом и реперфузионном повреждении сердца. Основными клиническими проявлениями ишемического и реперфузионного повреждения сердца являются: некроз, желудочковые аритмии, сократительная дисфункция, феномен no-reflow.
ВОССТАНОВЛЕНИЕ СНА ПОСЛЕ ЕГО ТОТАЛЬНОЙ ДЕПРИВАЦИИ В УСЛОВИЯХ ДЛИТЕЛЬНОГО ДЕФИЦИТА СТРЕСС-ИНДУЦИБЕЛЬНОГО ШАПЕРОНА Hsp70, "Российский физиологический журнал им. И.М. Сеченова"
Authors: Симонова В.В. , Гузеев М.А. , Пастухов Ю.Ф.
Published: October 2018

В современной литературе обсуждаются гипотезы о том, что молекулярные шапероны семейства Hsp70 играют важную роль в восстановлении сна и что сон служит фундаментальной клеточной и/или молекулярной потребности. Цель настоящего исследования - оценить вклад стресс-индуцибельного шаперона Hsp70 в механизмы восстановления сна после его тотальной депривации. Работа проведена на модели угнетения синтеза Hsp70 в преоптической области (ПО) гипоталамуса крыс с помощью РНК-интерференции. Впервые показано, что долговременное снижение уровня Hsp70 в ПО приводит к ослаблению феномена «отдачи» медленноволнового сна после тотальной депривации. «Отдача» сна необходима для восстановления структуры и функций нервных клеток после стресса, вызванного недостатком сна. Результаты исследований позволяют полагать, что именно индуцибельный Hsp70, содержащийся в «центре» сна в ПО гипоталамуса, вовлечен в молекулярные механизмы поддержания медленноволнового сна.
ОЦЕНКА СТЕПЕНИ ВЫРАЖЕННОСТИ И ТИПИЗАЦИЯ СТРЕСС-РЕАКЦИЙ ЛЕГОЧНОЙ ТКАНИ ПО СОСТОЯНИЮ СУРФАКТАНТА И СВОБОДНОРАДИКАЛЬНЫХ ПРОЦЕССОВ, "Российский физиологический журнал им. И.М. Сеченова"
Authors: Нестеров Ю. В. , Горст Н. А. , Горст В. Р.
Published: October 2018

На моделях острого стресса проведен анализ изменений поверхностно-активных свойств и перекисного окисления липидов в легочной ткани белых крыс. В условиях действия температурных (холод разной интенсивности, гипертермия), эмоционально-болевых (иммобилизация, электрокожное раздражение), химического (острое отравление этанолом в разных дозах) воздействий, гипобарической гипоксии и гипербарической гипероксии выявлены разнонаправленные изменения изучаемых параметров легочного метаболизма, которые зависят от модальности и интенсивности действующих стимулов. Полученные данные обобщаются в виде типизации реакций легочной ткани в ответ на стресс-индуцирующие воздействия по состоянию поверхностной активности, стабильности альвеолярного выстилающего комплекса и свободнорадикальных процессов.
ЭФФЕКТЫ ГЕПАРИНА ПРИ ПОСТТРАВМАТИЧЕСКОМ СТРЕССОВОМ РАССТРОЙСТВЕ В ЭКСПЕРИМЕНТЕ, "Российский физиологический журнал им. И.М. Сеченова"
Authors: Кондашевская М. В. , Цейликман В.Э. , Цейликман О.Б. , Комелькова М.В. , Лапшин М. С. , Платковский П. О. , Диатроптов М.Е.
Published: October 2018

Используя модель воздействия предаторного стресса на половозрелых самцах крыс линии Вистар воспроизводили посттравматическое стрессовое расстройство (ПТСР). Базовые признаки ПТСР определяли по поведению животных в приподнятом крестообразном лабиринте. Зарегистрировано ПТСР-индуцированное снижение уровня циркулирующего кортикостерона, дистрофические изменения в печени, нарушение состояния гематологического баланса. Обнаруженные психосоматические нарушения не проявлялись у крыс, которым после стрессирования внутрибрюшинно вводили малые дозы гепарина (64 МЕ/кг). Полученные результаты могут послужить обоснованием для расширения клинического применения гепарина в малых дозах с целью предупреждения и лечения психосоматической патологии при ПТСР.
ГЕНЕТИЧЕСКИЕ ДЕТЕРМИНАНТЫ АДАПТИВНЫХ СЕРДЕЧНО-СОСУДИСТЫХ РЕАКЦИЙ ПРИ ИМИТАЦИИ НЫРЯНИЯ У ЧЕЛОВЕКА, "Российский физиологический журнал им. И.М. Сеченова"
Authors: Баранова Т.И. , Берлов Д. Н. , Глотов А. С. , Глотов О. С. , Заварина Л. Б. , Качанова Т. А. , Намозова С. Ш. , Подъячева Е. Ю. , Шлейкина А. В.
Published: October 2018

Исследованы адаптивные реакции сердечно-сосудистой системы на пробу с имитацией ныряния у обследованных с различным полиморфизмом генов ADBR2 (A/G, rs1042713), ACE (HD, rs4340), AGTR1 (A/C, rs5186), BDKRB2 (TIC, rs1799722) и REN (GIA, rs2368564). Обследовано 80 человек в возрасте 19 ± 0.9 лет. Полиморфизм генов исследовали с помощью двухэтапной мультиплексной ПЦР с добавлением флуоресцентно меченных праймеров и последующим проведением аллельспецифической гибридизации на биочипе. Кровенаполнение периферических сосудов определяли по показателю амплитуды пульсовой волны на фотоплетизмограмме, а тонус сосудов - по времени распространения пульсовой волны. Центральный кровоток исследовали методом интегральной реографии. Регистрировали артериальное давление. У обследованных с BDKRB2 (C/C), aCe (D/D) и ADBR2 (G/G, G/A) генотипами выявлено более выраженное повышение тонуса периферических сосудов во время имитации ныряния по сравнению с обследованными с другим сочетанием аллелей. Это приводит к резкому повышению артериального давления и снижает устойчивость организма к экстремальным воздействиям среды. Особенно выражен этот эффект у обследованных с генотипом ACE (D/D).
Management of Atrial Fibrillation
Authors: Alenghat Francis J. , Alexander Jason T. , Upadhyay Gaurav A.
Published: November 2024

This JAMA Clinical Guidelines Synopsis summarizes the 2023 ACC/AHA/ACCP/HRS guideline for the diagnosis and management of atrial fibrillation.
The Carceral-Community Cascade and HCV Elimination
Authors: Akiyama Matthew J. , Bialek Tessa , Simonson Raphael
Published: November 2024

This Viewpoint discusses a sector-wide approach to hepatitis C virus elimination, including not only jails and prisons, but also community supervision and alternatives to incarceration programs.
Negative Treponemal Serologies in Syphilitic Panuveitis
Authors: Thangamathesvaran Loka , Priluck Aaron Z. , Burkholder Bryn M. , Breazzano Mark P. , Cai Sophie
Published: November 2024

This case report describes an HIV-positive patient with bilateral syphilitic panuveitis, for whom diagnosis was initially delayed by negative treponemal testing.
Viral Meningoencephalitis and Bilateral Blurry Vision
Authors: Guan Yuxuan , Ma Xingrong , Yang Peizeng
Published: November 2024

A 20-year-old Chinese woman was experiencing fever, malaise, headache, nausea, vomiting, and neck stiffness for 2 weeks. Further examination revealed inflammation, vitritis and cystoid macular edema, tortuous dilatation of retinal venous vessels with fluorescence leakage, and hyperfluorescence in the optic disc. What would you do next?
Integrative transcriptomic analysis identifies emetine as a promising candidate for overcoming acquired resistance to ALK inhibitors in lung cancer
Authors: Park Sang‐Min , Haam Keeok , Heo Haejeong , Kim Doyeong , Kim Min‐Ju , Jung Hyo‐Jung , Cha Seongwon , Kim Mirang , Lee Haeseung
Published: November 2024

Anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK; also known as ALK tyrosine kinase receptor) inhibitors (ALKi) are effective in treating lung cancer patients with chromosomal rearrangement of ALK. However, continuous treatment with ALKis invariably leads to acquired resistance in cancer cells. In this study, we propose an efficient strategy to suppress ALKi resistance through a meta‐analysis of transcriptome data from various cell models of acquired resistance to ALKis. We systematically identified gene signatures that consistently showed altered expression during the development of resistance and conducted computational drug screening using these signatures. We identified emetine as a promising candidate compound to inhibit the growth of ALKi‐resistant cells. We demonstrated that emetine exhibited effectiveness in inhibiting the growth of ALKi‐resistant cells, and further interpreted its impact on the resistant signatures through drug‐induced RNA‐sequencing data. Our transcriptome‐guided systematic approach paves the way for efficient drug discovery to overcome acquired resistance to cancer therapy.
Deep learning based ultra‐low dose fan‐beam computed tomography image enhancement algorithm: Feasibility study in image quality for radiotherapy
Authors: Jiang Hua , Qin Songbing , Jia Lecheng , Wei Ziquan , Xiong Weiqi , Xu Wentao , Gong Wei , Zhang Wei , Yu Liqin
Published: November 2024

Objective

We investigated the feasibility of deep learning‐based ultra‐low dose kV‐fan‐beam computed tomography (kV‐FBCT) image enhancement algorithm for clinical application in abdominal and pelvic tumor radiotherapy.

Methods

A total of 76 patients of abdominal and pelvic tumors were prospectively selected. The Catphan504 was acquired with the same conditions as the standard phantom test set. We used a CycleGAN‐based model for image enhancement. Normal dose CT (NDCT), ultra‐low dose CT (LDCT) and deep learning enhanced CT (DLR) were evaluated by subjective and objective analyses in terms of imaging quality, HU accuracy, and image signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR).

Results

The image noise of DLR was significantly reduced, and the contrast‐to‐noise ratio (CNR) was significantly improved compared to the LDCT. The most significant improvement was the acrylic which represented soft tissue in CNR from 1.89 to 3.37, improving by 76%, nearly approaching the NDCT, and in low‐density resolution from 7.64 to 12.6, improving by 64%. The spatial frequencies of MTF10 and MTF50 in DLR were 4.28 and 2.35 cycles/mm in DLR, respectively, which are higher than LDCT 3.87 and 2.12 cycles/mm, and even slightly higher than NDCT 4.15 and 2.28 cycles/mm. The accuracy and stability of HU values of DLR were similar to NDCT. The image quality evaluation of the two doctors agreed well with DLR and NDCT. A two‐by‐two comparison between groups showed that the differences in image scores of LDCT compared with NDCT and DLR were all statistically significant (p < 0.05), and the subjective scores of DLR were close to NDCT.

Conclusion

The image quality of DLR was close to NDCT with reduced radiation dose, which can fully meet the needs of conventional image‐guided adaptive radiotherapy (ART) and achieve the quality requirements of clinical radiotherapy. The proposed method provided a technical basis for LDCT‐guided ART.
Emergent responsive neurostimulation in pediatric super‐refractory epilepsia partialis continua
Authors: Hadar Peter N. , Nanda Pranav , Walsh Katherine G. , McLaren John , Geffrey Alexandra , Simon Mirela , Kahle Kristopher , Richardson R. Mark , Chu Catherine J.
Published: November 2024

Focal status epilepticus, particularly the motor variant of epilepsia partialis continua (EPC), is a rare condition characterized by near‐continuous, chronic focal motor seizures, and associated with poor outcomes. Medications, including anesthetics, are often unsuccessful. Surgical resection can result in motor deficits. We report a medically complex pediatric case of super‐refractory EPC that was successfully managed with combined focal resection and responsive neuromodulation. This case introduces neuromodulation as a treatment modality for this challenging condition.
Recent Advances in Smart Emulsion Materials: From Synthesis to Applications
Authors: Johnson Emmanual , Koh Amanda
Published: November 2024

Smart emulsions are both versatile additives to smart materials and functional smart materials themselves, acting as active components and structural elements driving innovative development. Emulsions offer versatility, ease of manipulation, and stability to smart materials. This review explores the multifaceted roles of emulsions, examining their formulation methods, applications, and role as building blocks in smart materials. The significance of emulsions in smart materials is discussed for applications such as drug delivery and adaptive coatings, as well as their role in stimuli‐responsive colloidal systems and nanocomposites. The smart emulsions reviewed encompass all manner of material types, including fluid and solid/polymerized smart materials. These include both emulsions with dynamic properties and emulsions used in the process of synthesizing other materials. Smart emulsions are categorized by application into shape memory, self‐healing, biological, and stimuli‐responsive, with analysis of formulation methods, metrics, and methods of final incorporation. Smart emulsions can be found initially as fluid systems and some react into solid polymers, tailored to meet functional needs. A comparative analysis reveals emerging trends such as coupling coating self‐healing/corrosion inhibition and use of waterborne polyurethanes. The discussion of smart emulsions concludes by outlining challenges and future directions for leveraging smart emulsions.
Fabrication and Simulation of Flexible Screen‐Printed Mulberry Paper‐Based Multiferroic Composites as Microwave Absorption Shields
Authors: Khade Vaishnavi , Thirumalasetty Avanish Babu , Wuppulluri Madhuri
Published: November 2024

Flexible paper‐based electronics are trending currently for its biodegradability, light weight, and compactness. A flexible film with 10, 20, 30 wt% of BCST‐CNF multiferroic filler is systematically investigated by initially simulating electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding parameters using CST Studio Suite Software. Nicolson–Ross wire algorithm is used to estimate the EM parameters of PVDF/(Ba0.945Ca0.055Sn0.07Ti0.93)O3–Co0.9Ni0.1Fe2O4)(BCST‐CNF) (PBC) films. By adaption of PBC on mulberry paper, the shielding effect of the screen‐printed EMI shielding material with 30 wt% of multiferroic filler reveals over 65.24 dB, which is the highest value of shielding effect for X‐band compared to other tested films. Moreover, it shows enhanced microwave absorption of 63.48 dB. This study opens up an effective avenue for designing strong microwave absorption materials to satisfy the increasingly demanding requirements of advanced and integrated electronics.
Superhydrophobic Coatings with Synergistically Enhanced Anti/Deicing Performance by Optically/Electrically Assisted Heating
Authors: Huang Zhihong , Zhan Yanlong , Li Wen , Li Xiang , Amirfazli Alidad
Published: November 2024

Surface icing issues have a significant impact on industries such as aviation, transportation, and construction. Superhydrophobic surfaces can delay ice formation due to their liquid‐repellent properties, but their effectiveness is not pronounced in extremely cold environments. Electric heating coatings can effectively prevent ice formation, but they have limitations in environments with insufficient electrical energy supply. The anti‐icing effect of photothermal superhydrophobic coatings is restricted under conditions of insufficient sunlight. To enhance the ice‐preventing performance of superhydrophobic coatings in extremely cold environments, this article employs a template spraying method to prepare a carbon black and graphene composite coating that provides superhydrophobic passive anti‐icing and photo/electrothermal active deicing capabilities. The micro‐nanostructured superhydrophobic surface exhibits exceptional ice‐preventing performance. The excellent electrothermal and photothermal performance, along with high energy conversion efficiency, significantly enhance the coating's deicing efficiency. Under the synergistic effect of solar and electrical energy, the ice layer is completely melted within just 135 s. Furthermore, the material possesses excellent durability (resistance to mechanical wear, acid and alkali corrosion, and UV aging), as well as thermal stability. This research provides new avenues and insights for the development of advanced anti‐icing and deicing materials for applications in aviation, transportation, construction, and other fields.
Microstructure, Corrosive‐Wear, and Electrochemical Properties of Laser Cladded NiCoCrAlY Coatings by Heat Treatment
Authors: Deng Yiming , Yang Chenglong , Kong Dejun
Published: November 2024

Heat treatment plays a positive role in alloy coatings during the corrosive‐wear and electrochemical process, in which the heating temperature is a key factor in the improvement of microstructure. In this work, the laser‐cladded NiCoCrAlY coating is processed by heat treatment, and the effects of heating temperature on the microstructure, corrosive‐wear, and electrochemical properties of obtained coatings are investigated. The results show that the average coefficients of friction and wear rates of NiCoCrAlY coatings are decreased with the increase of heating temperature, and the wear mechanism is mainly abrasive wear, adhesive wear, and pitting corrosion. Moreover, the corrosion resistance of NiCoCrAlY coatings is decreased with the increase of heating temperature, which is attributed to the precipitation of phases along the grain boundaries at high temperatures.
A Roadmap of Peptide‐Based Materials in Neural Regeneration
Authors: Tsai Yu‐Liang , Song Jialei , Shi Rachel , Knöll Bernd , Synatschke Christopher V.
Published: November 2024

Injuries to the nervous system lead to irreversible damage and limited functional recovery. The peripheral nervous system (PNS) can self‐regenerate to some extent for short nerve gaps. In contrast, the central nervous system (CNS) has an intrinsic limitation to self‐repair owing to its convoluted neural microenvironment and inhibitory response. The primary phase of CNS injury, happening within 48 h, results from external impacts like mechanical stress. Afterward, the secondary phase of the injury occurs, originating from neuronal excitotoxicity, mitochondrial dysfunction, and neuroinflammation. No golden standard to treat injured neurons exists, and conventional medicine serves only as a protective approach to alleviating the symptoms of chronic injury. Synthetic peptides provide a promising approach for neural repair, either as soluble drugs or by using their intrinsic self‐assembly propensity to serve as an extracellular matrix (ECM) mimic for cell adhesion and to incorporate bioactive epitopes. In this review, an overview of nerve injury models, common in vitro models, and peptide‐based therapeutics such as ECM mimics is provided. Due to the complexity of treating neuronal injuries, a multidisciplinary collaboration between biologists, physicians, and material scientists is paramount. Together, scientists with complementary expertise will be required to formulate future therapeutic approaches for clinical use.
A Metasurface Using Molybdenum Disulfide as a Super‐Mossian Dielectric Material
Authors: Wang Xielin , Zhang Ding , Li Zhichao , Naik Gururaj V.
Published: November 2024

High‐index dielectrics or Super‐Mossian materials are essential for emerging nanophotonic applications. Several transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs) are promising as super‐Mossian dielectric materials. Molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) is an outstanding super‐Mossian TMDC exceeding Moss' rule prediction of its refractive index by nearly 40%. This high refractive index enables compact, multi‐functional, and high‐performance metadevices. Here, a MoS2 metasurface is experimentally demonstrated using resonators with volumes of nearly a tenth of those made of silicon. To harness their phase control ability, a MoS2 blazed metasurface is designed, fabricated, and demonstrated. The performance of the device is benchmarked by rigorous‐coupled‐wave‐analysis calculation. The results suggest that MoS2 holds great promise as a dielectric material platform for emerging nanophotonic technologies.
Vertically Stacked Short Channel PtSe2/Ultrathin‐Silicon Heterojunction for Fast‐Speed UV Photodetection Application
Authors: Wang Jiang , Yang Jiangxu , Yu Bo , Wu Zhicheng , Jiang Mengting , Wu Chun‐Yan , Wang Yang , Liang Feng‐Xia , Ma Xuezhi , Li Li , Luo Lin‐Bao
Published: November 2024

Superior ultraviolet photodetectors (UVPDs) with fast response speed and high responsivity are essential for UV communication, intelligent sensing, advanced manufacturing, and more. Various studies have demonstrated the excellent performance of traditional UVPDs based on wide bandgap semiconductors (WBSs). However, these devices often suffer from a relatively slow response speed due to the defect states within WBSs. In this work, a new short channel non‐WBS UVPD is developed using the vertically stacked short channel PtSe2/ultrathin‐Si UVPD. The heterojunction is stacked by the 200 nm thick Si flake that exfoliates from a Silicon‐on‐Insulator (SOI) wafer by wet etching and the wafer‐scale CVD ‐grown PtSe2 via the mature PDMS stamp transfer protocols. The absorption in the Si layer, which depends on the incident wavelength, shows a strong correlation with the device photocurrent response. Under 365 nm illumination, the vertical device exhibits a fast UV response speed up to 51.8/73.6 µs. This performance outperforms that of conventional lateral structures and many WBS‐based UVPDs, largely attributed to the extremely short transport distances of photogenerated carriers and the superior physical characteristics of Si. This study shows that ultrathin‐Si is a promising building block for fast speed UVPDs, which are vital for UV optoelectronic applications.
Elucidating the Molecular Mechanisms and Comprehensive Effects of Sludge‐Derived Plant Biostimulants on Crop Growth: Insights from Metabolomic Analysis
Authors: Hua Yu , Chen Shuxian , Tong Tong , Li Xiaoou , Ji Rongting , Xu Qiujin , Zhang Yue , Dai Xiaohu
Published: November 2024

The utilization of urban waste for land management plays a crucial role in reshaping material flows between human activities and the environment. Sewage sludge alkaline thermal hydrolysis (ATH) produces sludge‐derived plant biostimulants (SPB), which have garnered attention due to the presence of indole‐3‐acetic acid. However, there remains a gap in understanding SPB's molecular‐level effects and its comprehensive impact on crops throughout their growth cycle. In this study, non‐targeted and targeted metabolomic approaches are employed to analyze 51 plant hormones and 1,177 metabolites, revealing novel insights. The findings demonstrate that low concentrations of SPB exerted multiple beneficial effects on rice roots, leaves, and the root‐soil system, facilitating rapid cell division and enhancing antioxidant defense mechanisms. These results provide a vital foundation for understanding ATH metabolic pathways and advocating for widespread SPB application, offering significant implications for sustainable land management.
CTHRC1 Attenuates Tendinopathy via Enhancing EGFR/MAPK Signaling Pathway
Authors: Chen Cheng , Zheng Xu , Wang Cheng , Zhou HaiChao , Zhang Yi , Ye TianBao , Yang YunFeng
Published: November 2024

Tendinopathy poses a formidable challenge due to the inherent limitations of tendon regenerative capabilities post‐injury. At present, effective curative approaches for tendinopathy are still lacking. Collagen triple helix repeat‐containing 1 (CTHRC1) is an extracellular matrix protein with significant roles in both physiological and pathological processes. The present study aims to investigate the function and underlying mechanism of CTHRC1 in tendinopathy. In this study, CTHRC1 is identified as a potential effector in promoting tendon regeneration through multi‐proteomic analysis of Achilles tendon tissues in mice. In vitro, CTHRC1 enhances the proliferation, migration, and tenogenic differentiation of tendon stem/progenitor cell (TSPC). In vivo, CTHRC1 deletion impairs tendon healing, while its overexpression reverses the detrimental effects caused by CTHRC1 deficiency. Mechanistically, proteomics on TSPC stimulated with recombinant CTHRC1 reveal that CTHRC1 activates the mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway via binding to epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), which in turn promotes the proliferative, migrative, and tenogenic capacities of TSPC to attenuate Achilles tendinopathy. Conversely, inhibiting EGFR reverses the tendon‐healing effect of CRHRC1. The study demonstrates that CTHRC1 can promote the proliferative, migrative, and tenogenic capacities of TSPC, ultimately facilitating tendon healing through activating the EGFR/MAPK signaling pathway. CTHRC1 holds promise as a potential intervention for tendinopathy.
Organic‐Inorganic Hybrid Solid Composite Electrolytes for High Energy Density Lithium Batteries: Combining Manufacturability, Conductivity, and Stability
Authors: De Sloovere Dries , Mercken Jonas , D'Haen Jan , Derveaux Elien , Adriaensens Peter , Vereecken Philippe M. , Van Bael Marlies K. , Hardy An
Published: November 2024

The deployment of solid and quasi‐solid electrolytes in lithium metal batteries is envisioned to push their energy densities to even higher levels, in addition to providing enhanced safety. This article discusses a set of hybrid solid composite electrolytes which combine functional properties with electrode compatibility and manufacturability. Their anodic stability >5 V versus Li+/Li and compatibility with lithium metal stem from the incorporated ionic liquid electrolyte, whereas the organic‐inorganic hybrid host structure boosts their conductivity up to 2.7 mS cm−1 at room temperature. The absence of strong acids enables compatibility with porous NMC811 electrodes. Liquid precursor solutions can be readily impregnated into porous electrodes, facilitating cell assembly. Electrolytes containing TFSI− as the only anion have a superior compatibility toward high‐voltage positive electrode materials, whereas electrolytes containing both FSI− and TFSI− have a better compatibility toward lithium metal. Using the former as catholyte and the latter as anolyte, NMC811/Li coin cells retain up to 100% of their initial capacity after 100 cycles (0.2 C, 3.0–4.4 V vs Li+/Li). Because of their unprecedented combination of functional properties, electrode compatibility, and manufacturability, these hybrid solid composite electrolytes are potential candidates for the further development of lithium metal battery technology.
Rational Design of Biocompatible Ir(III) Photosensitizer to Overcome Drug‐Resistant Cancer via Oxidative Autophagy Inhibition
Authors: Park Mingyu , Nam Jung Seung , Kim Taehyun , Yoon Gwangsu , Kim Seoyoon , Lee Chaiheon , Lee Chae Gyu , Park Sungjin , Bejoymohandas Kochan S. , Yang Jihyeon , Kwon Yoon Hee , Lee Yoo Jin , Seo Jeong Kon , Min Duyoung , Park Taiho , Kwon Tae‐Hyuk
Published: November 2024

Autophagy is a crucial quality control mechanism that degrades damaged cellular components through lysosomal fusion with autophagosomes. However, elevated autophagy levels can promote drug resistance in cancer cells, enhancing their survival. Downregulation of autophagy through oxidative stress is a clinically promising strategy to counteract drug resistance, yet precise control of oxidative stress in autophagic proteins remains challenging. Here, a molecular design strategy of biocompatible neutral Ir(III) photosensitizers is demonstrated, B2 and B4, for precise reactive oxygen species (ROS) control at lysosomes to inhibit autophagy. The underlying molecular mechanisms for the biocompatibility and lysosome selectivity of Ir(III) complexes are explored by comparing B2 with the cationic or the non‐lysosome‐targeting analogs. Also, the biological mechanisms for autophagy inhibition via lysosomal oxidation are explored. Proteome analyses reveal significant oxidation of proteins essential for autophagy, including lysosomal and fusion‐mediator proteins. These findings are verified in vitro, using mass spectrometry, live cell imaging, and a model SNARE complex. The anti‐tumor efficacy of the precise lysosomal oxidation strategy is further validated in vivo with B4, engineered for red light absorbance. This study is expected to inspire the therapeutic use of spatiotemporal ROS control for sophisticated modulation of autophagy.
Nanometer‐Scale 1D Negative Differential Resistance Channels in Van Der Waals Layers
Authors: Yao Qirong , Park Jae Whan , Won Choongjae , Cheong Sang‐Wook , Yeom Han Woong
Published: November 2024

Negative differential resistance (NDR) is the key feature of resonant tunneling diodes exploited for high‐frequency and low‐power devices and recent studies have focused on NDR in van der Waals heterostructures and nanoscale materials. Here, strong NDR confined along a 1‐nm‐wide 1D channel within a van der Waals layer 1T‐TaS2 is reported. Using scanning tunneling microscopy, a double 1D NDR channel formed along the sides of a charge–density‐wave domain wall of 1T‐TaS2 is found. The density functional theory calculation elucidates that the strong local band‐bending at the domain wall and the interlayer orbital overlap cooperate to bring about 1D NDR channels. Furthermore, the NDR is well controlled by changing the tunneling junction distance. This result would be important for nanoscale device applications based on strong nonlinear resistance within van der Waals material architectures.
Chimeric SFT2D2‐TBX19 Promotes Prostate Cancer Progression by Encoding TBX19‐202 Protein and Stabilizing Mitochondrial ATP Synthase through ATP5F1A Phosphorylation
Authors: Hu Chenxi , Zheng Zaosong , Pang Shiyu , Zhu Yuanchao , Jie Jirong , Lai Zhuocheng , Zeng Xiangbo , Xiao Yongyuan , Chen Zhifeng , Zhao Jingjing , Du Yuejun , Li Fei , Wang Qiong , Tan Wanlong
Published: November 2024

Specific chimeric RNAs and their products are consistently regarded as ideal tumor diagnostic markers and therapeutic targets. Chimeric RNAs can mediate tumor cell plasticity, neuroendocrine processes, polarization of tumor‐associated macrophages, and resistance to chemotherapy and immunotherapy. However, the discovery of chimeric RNAs in prostate cancer is still in its early stages. This study identifies the chimeric SFT2D2‐TBX19 as a novel transcript encoding the TBX19‐202 protein. Both TBX19‐202 and its parental TBX19, which share homologous amino acid sequences, enhance prostate cancer cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. Additionally, SFT2D2‐TBX19 also functions as a lncRNA, interacting with the ATP synthase F1 subunit ATP5F1A, thereby increasing ATP5F1A phosphorylation mediated by TNK2/ACK1, which stabilizes the interaction between ATP5F1A and ATP5F1B. The region spanning 1801‐2400 bp of SFT2D2‐TBX19 and the intermediate structural domain of ATP5F1A are crucial functional areas. This stabilization of ATP5F1A and ATP5F1B enhances mitochondrial ATP synthase activity and ATP production. Even under conditions of mitochondrial vulnerability, SFT2D2‐TBX19 protects mitochondrial structural stability to maintain prostate cancer cell proliferation. This research provides comprehensive evidence that chimeric SFT2D2‐TBX19 promotes prostate cancer progression by encoding the TBX19‐202 protein and stabilizing mitochondrial ATP synthase via ATP5F1A phosphorylation. These findings highlight SFT2D2‐TBX19 as a potential therapeutic target for prostate cancer.
Electron‐Deficient Organic Molecules Based on B←N Unit: A N‐Type Room‐Temperature Chemiresistive Sensors with Moisture Resistance
Authors: Wang Binbin , Xing Yali , Zhang Kewei , Wang Zhong , Xia Yanzhi , Long Xiaojing
Published: November 2024

Organic molecules with tailorable chemical structures, high stability, and solution processability have great potential in the sensing field. Compared with p‐type organic small molecules (OSMs), the electron‐dominated n‐type analogs show superior conductivity when exposed to reducing gases, which can achieve outstanding sensor signal‐to‐noise ratios. However, inadequate humidity resistance at room temperature hinders the development of such molecules. Herein, an A‐D‐π‐D‐A molecular design strategy is proposed based on electron‐deficient B←N units, which results in effective intramolecular charge transport and sensitive responses by extending the π‐conjugation bridge. As a result, the ST‐2BP with A‐D‐π‐D‐A configuration shows a prominent sensitivity of 787 (Ra/Rg) in 20 ppm NH3 at room temperature and an almost initial and stable response under different relative humidity conditions, which is the highest among currently reported OSM sensors. Supported by theoretical calculations and in situ FTIR spectra, it is revealed that B←N units, which function as the active centers mediate the specific ammonia adsorption. This study provides a new understanding of the design of high‐performance room temperature gas sensing materials by decorating B←N units.
Public and participant involvement as a pathway to inclusive dementia research
Authors: Walter Sarah , McArdle RÍona , Largent Emily A. , Edelmayer Rebecca , Sexton Claire , Sandoval Sandra Loyola , Medsger Helen , Meserve Nancy , Samaroo Roland , Sierra Cynthia , Smeitink Marlon M. P. , Gibson Allison , Gregory Sarah , Karamacoska Diana , Leroi Iracema , Molina‐Henry Doris , Suarez‐Gonzalez Aida , Glover Crystal M.
Published: November 2024

The field of Alzheimer's disease and related dementias (ADRD) urgently requires inclusive research to ensure the priorities and outcomes of research apply to those most impacted. We postulate public and participant involvement (PPI) as a pathway to achieving the best science, both in research that informs health and social policy as well as in therapeutic studies to treat and prevent ADRD. This position paper aims to provide dementia researchers with evidence to understand how to apply PPI. We begin by highlighting the disparities experienced by people with dementia, including ageism, stigma of cognitive impairment, and health disparities for minoritized communities. We then provide examples of PPI in ADRD across the research lifecycle, from defining research topics of priority to those impacted by ADRD, through the design, analysis, dissemination, and translation to policy and practice. We also provide recommendations to create and maintain collaboration between researchers and communities through PPI.

Highlights

A central premise of public and participant involvement (PPI) is collaborative relationships between researchers and community members.

To build equitable partnerships, researchers must acknowledge and understand the context of research. This includes ageism, the stigma of dementia, and ongoing discrimination for many minoritized communities.

Meaningful partnerships include choice, respect, shared decision making, access, inclusion, and representation. Notably, we recommend that researchers begin partnerships early in the research process and share the impact of PPI on research.
Sex‐Specific Vulnerabilities to Subclinical Vascular Brain Injury in Early Late‐Life: The Framingham Heart Study
Authors: Yau Wai‐Ying Wendy , Scott Matthew R. , Petrea Rodica E. , Buckley Rachel F. , Kojis Daniel , Sperling Reisa A. , Chhatwal Jasmeer P. , Maillard Pauline , Aparicio Hugo J. , Romero Jose Rafael , DeCarli Charles S. , Beiser Alexa S. , Seshadri Sudha
Published: November 2024

Objective

Subclinical vascular brain injury is an increasingly recognized risk factor for stroke and dementia. Despite well‐established sex differences in vascular risk and disease prevalence, the impact of sex on drivers of subclinical vascular brain injury remains unclear, presenting a barrier to developing sex‐specific prevention guidelines. We aimed to establish the extent to which sex moderates associations between vascular risk factors and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) measures of subclinical brain injury in stroke‐free older adults.

Methods

We leveraged cross‐sectional data from 1,579 stroke‐ and dementia‐free Framingham Heart Study Offspring participants at exam 8 (age 65.7 ± 8.8 years, 53% women). Vascular risks were assessed using components of the Framingham Stroke Risk Profile (FSRP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP). White matter hyperintensity volume (WMH), total cerebral brain volume (TBV), and covert brain infarcts were quantified using MRI. We examined whether vascular risk factors were associated with MRI measures across the combined cohort, and then determined whether sex modified these associations.

Results

Higher FSRP and specifically systolic blood pressure (SBP) were associated with greater WMH. These associations were stronger in women and remained after adjusting for menopause age and hormone therapy use. By contrast, diabetes and lower DBP were associated with smaller TBV primarily in men. The DBP‐atrophy relationship was only observed in men with declining DBP or prior hypertension.

Interpretation

Our findings highlight differential vulnerability to the impact of vascular risk factors on white matter health in women and global atrophy in men, supporting the development of sex‐specific guidelines to better preserve vascular brain health in aging. ANN NEUROL 2025;97:460–469