bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Impact of Short-Term Rentals on Long-Term Rentals and the Housing Market in Riyadh
Authors: Ledraa Tahar , Alarabi Sameeh
Published: November 2024

Riyadh has recently witnessed rapid growth in the use of short-term rentals. Their impact on the city’s housing market and long-term rentals has been critical. The emergence of recreational festivals such as the Riyadh and Diriyah Seasons, with their accompanying events, as well as the widespread use of daily rental platforms such as Airbnb, have created a new market for short-term rentals that has changed the city’s rental landscape. This study compared data on the number of units geared toward daily rent and their average daily rates (ADRs), obtained from the Airbnb platform, with data on long-term rental units and their revenue, extracted from the Ejar platform. The data cover the five sectors of Riyadh city. Sample neighborhoods were selected from each sector. The results show that after a period of stagnation due to the precautionary measures taken during the COVID-19 pandemic, the short-term rental market saw a significant recovery once these measures were lifted. The emergence of the short-term rental market has negatively affected the long-term rental market by drying up its stock and raising rent prices, thus leading to tourism-induced displacement of low-income residents and further exacerbating the housing problem in the city. Therefore, there is an urgent need to regulate this new rental market to maintain a balance between short- and long-term markets in Riyadh.
Construction and Demolition Waste Generation Prediction by Using Artificial Neural Networks and Metaheuristic Algorithms
Authors: Awad Ruba , Budayan Cenk , Gurgun Asli Pelin
Published: November 2024

In the actual estimation of construction and demolition waste (C&DW), it is significantly relevant to effective management, design, and planning at project stages, but the lack of reliable estimation methods and historical data prevents the estimation of C&DW quantities for both short- and long-term planning. To address this gap, this study aims to predict C&DW quantities in construction projects more accurately by integrating the gray wolf optimization algorithm (GWO) and the Archimedes optimization algorithm (AOA) into an artificial neural network (ANN). This study uses data concerning the actual quantities of work in 200 real-life construction and demolition projects performed in the Gaza Strip. Different performance parameters, such as mean absolute error (MAE), mean square error (MSE), root mean squared error (RMSE), and the coefficient of determination (R2), are used to evaluate the effectiveness of the models developed. The results of this study have shown that the AOA-ANN model outperforms the other models in terms of accuracy (R2 = 0.023728, MSE = 0.00056304, RMSE = 0.023728, MAE = 0.0086648). Moreover, this new hybrid model yields more accurate estimations of C&DW quantities with minimal input parameters, making the process of estimation more feasible.
The Effects of Modern Architecture on the Evolution of Mosques in Sulaymaniyah
Authors: Ahmed Ahmed Qadir , Fethi Ihsan
Published: November 2024

Since the establishment of the Kurdistan Region Autonomy in 1991, extensive construction, including that of mosques, has reshaped the architectural environment. This phenomenon requires an examination of the evolved architectural features in new mosques and also raises questions about their alignment with the religious and symbolic objectives of mosque designs. This study focuses on the transformative impact of modern architectural styles on mosque evolution in Sulaymaniyah and uses an in-depth case study approach to analyze 23 contemporary mosques built over the past three decades. They blend traditional architecture with modern design principles, producing evolved features. The evolution in mosque designs raises questions about the alignment of new architectural features with the religious and symbolic objectives of mosque designs. This study employs indicator-based impact assessments to examine how modern features affect mosque evolution in terms of religious needs and mosque symbolism. Based on the literature of modern architecture and Islamic legitimacy, indicators of modern architecture and mosque design objectives were determined for further analysis. Then, the collected data from the field survey were analyzed through developed formulas. The results were converted to numerical values for use with the Pearson correlation coefficient, which identifies the causal relationship between modern architecture and design objectives. The results revealed that the overall influence of modern architecture on mosque evolution tends to be negative. Modern architectural styles have impacted mosques by increasing structural obstructions in 14%, reducing symbolic elements in 23%, and simplifying designs with fewer embellishments in 43% of all the cases. This study can assist decision-makers and designers in revising mosque design regulations; the issue has recently been the subject of ongoing debate in architects’ society.
Patient Outcomes in Resected Combined Hepatocellular Cholangiocarcinoma (cHCC-ICC) and Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma: A Single Center Study
Authors: Lin Rick Y. , Kahramangil Doga , Ozer Muhammet , George Thomas J. , Nassour Ibrahim , Hughes Steven J. , Zarrinpar Ali , Sahin Ilyas
Published: November 2024

Background/Objectives: Combined hepatocellular cholangiocarcinoma (cHCC-ICC) is a rare malignancy that involves a combination of features of hepatocellular carcinoma and intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) and exhibits a more aggressive clinical course; however, its risk factors and outcomes remain largely undefined. Methods: This study is a single-center retrospective study of 82 patients diagnosed with ICC or cHCC-ICC who underwent surgical resection from June 2011 to January 2023. Our analysis included 70 patients with resected ICC and 12 with resected cHCC-ICC. Results: The overall survival (OS) for the entire cohort was 21.6 months, with a recurrence-free survival (RFS) of 11.8 months. The cHCC-ICC group had significantly higher levels of AST and ALT (AST median 206 U/L vs. 46 U/L; ALT median 165.5 U/L vs. 48 U/L; p = 0.012 and p = 0.013, respectively), whereas the ICC group had higher alkaline phosphatase (median 66 U/L vs. 104 U/L; p = 0.03). CA 19-9 values (76 U/mL vs. 22 U/mL; p = 0.02) were higher in the ICC group, while AFP values were higher in the cHCC-ICC group (7.3 ng/mL vs. 3.2 ng/mL; p = 0.0004). The cHCC-ICC group had a significantly higher rate of recurrence (83% vs. 47%, p = 0.028) with a significantly decreased RFS (4.7 months vs. 12.4 months; log-rank p = 0.007). In multivariate analysis, patients with resected ICC had a significantly reduced risk of recurrence by 73% compared to their counterparts (HR 0.27 [0.10–0.73], p = 0.01). Conclusions: cHCC-ICC is a rare entity that needs to be further studied to improve patient outcomes. Further studies are warranted and may suggest the need for more aggressive initial treatment strategies in patients diagnosed with cHCC-ICC.
Clinical Advances and Challenges in Targeting KRAS Mutations in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Dekker Simone E. , Deng Lei
Published: November 2024

KRAS mutation is one of the most common oncogenic drivers in non-small cell lung cancer. Since its discovery about four decades ago, drug development targeting KRAS has been met with countless failures. Recently, KRAS G12C, a subvariant of KRAS, became the first druggable KRAS mutation. The efficacy of the first-generation KRAS inhibitor is modest, but with scientific advancement, KRAS G12C inhibitors with higher potency are on the horizon. Additionally, novel therapeutic approaches targeting other KRAS subvariants are also being explored in clinical trials with encouraging early data. We will review the clinical advances and challenges for patients with KRAS-mutated non-small cell lung cancer, with a focus on small molecule inhibitors.
Hydrogen Production Through Water Splitting Reactions Using Zn-Al-In Mixed Metal Oxide Nanocomposite Photocatalysts Induced by Visible Light
Authors: Suárez-Quezada Monserrat , Suárez-Quezada Víctor Manuel , Tobola-Inchaurregui Fernando , Oros-Ruiz Socorro , Cipagauta-Díaz Sandra
Published: November 2024

In this study, the synthesis of hybrid photocatalysts of Zn-Al-In mixed metal oxides were activated by using visible light, derived from Zn-Al-In layered double hydroxide (ZnAlIn-LDH), and these nanocomposites demonstrated high efficiency for photocatalytic H2 production under UV light when using methanol as a sacrificial agent. The most active photocatalytic material produced 372 μmol h−1 g−1 of H2. The characterization of these materials included X-ray diffraction (DRX), infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (XRF), X-ray spectroscopy (XEDS), scanning electron microscopy analysis (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), diffuse reflectance spectroscopy, and N2- physisorption. In addition, the materials were characterized by photoelectrochemical techniques to explain the photocatalytic behavior. Subsequently, the photocatalytic performance for the water-splitting reactions under visible irradiation was evaluated. The ZnAlIn-MMOs with an In/(Al + In) molar ratio of 0.45 exhibited the highest photocatalytic activity in tests under visible light, attributed to the efficient separation and transport of photogenerated charge carriers originating from the new nanocomposite. This discovery indicates a method for developing new types of heteronanostructured photocatalysts which are activated by visible light.
Tetranuclear N-Heterocyclic Carbene Palladium Acetate—The Fast-Initiating Precatalyst of Suzuki Coupling
Authors: Ostrowska Sylwia , Rogalski Szymon , Kubicki Maciej , Pietraszuk Cezary
Published: November 2024

A tetranuclear N-heterocyclic palladium carbene acetate, characterised by a [Pd]/[NHC] = 2/1 ratio, was synthesised and shown to be catalytically active in Suzuki coupling. Single crystal XRD studies of the complex revealed its unprecedented geometry, with the presence of three coordinated palladium centres. The catalytic activity of the complex is significantly higher than that of analogues containing the same N-heterocyclic carbene ligand. Preliminary studies have been carried out to determine the catalytic properties of the complex.
Assessing the Degradation of Levofloxacin in Aqueous Media by Metal-Free g-C3N4 Photocatalyst Under Simulated Solar Light Irradiation
Authors: Xuan Truong Nguyen , Thi Dien Nguyen , Thanh Cong Le , Thi Thu Mai , Dieu Thu Le , Duc Trung Nguyen , Horváth Ottó
Published: November 2024

Graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) as a fascinating conjugated polymer has attracted considerable attention due to its outstanding electronic properties, high physicochemical stability, and unique structure. In this work, we reported the characterization of g-C3N4, which was simply synthesized by thermal polymerization of thiourea, the photocatalytic degradation kinetics, and the pathway of levofloxacin (LEV) using the prepared g-C3N4. The XRD and SEM results confirmed a crystalline graphite structure with a tri-s-triazine unit and stacked sheet-like layers of g-C3N4. The efficacy factor (EF) was compared to different photocatalytic processes to assess the LEV removal performance. g-C3N4 exhibits good stability as a photocatalyst during LEV photodegradation. Radical scavenger experiments revealed that in the oxidative degradation of LEV, •O2– and h+ played the determining roles. Moreover, based on the identification of intermediates using liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS), the degradation pathway of LEV was proposed.
Electrochemical Ammonia Synthesis from Dilute Gaseous Nitric Oxide Reduction at Ambient Conditions
Authors: Rasheed Haroon Ur , Kim Jae Hyung , Kim Taek-Seung , Lee Kyungho , Shim Joonmok , Kim Sung Hyung , Yoon Hyung Chul
Published: November 2024

Converting gaseous nitric oxide (NO) to ammonia (NH3) is important because of its environmental and industrial implications. The electrochemical transformation of nitrogen (N2) to NH3 faces several challenges, including a slow reaction rate and low Faradaic efficiency (FE). This study presents an innovative approach by integrating NO elimination and NH3 production by electrochemical gaseous NO reduction reaction (NORR) under ambient conditions. Co and Mo-based catalysts were investigated for the continuous reduction of diluted NO gas (1%) to NH3 within a proton exchange membrane (PEM) cell under ambient conditions. In electrochemical NORR tests conducted without a catholyte, CoMo-NC demonstrated notable NORR performance, achieving an NH3 yield rate of 23.2 × 10−10 mol s−1 cm−2 at −2.2 Vcell and FENH3 of 94.6% at −1.6 Vcell, along with enhanced durability. Notably, this performance represents one of the highest FENH3 achievements for electrochemical gas-phase NO reduction at room temperature.
Hippo Signaling Pathway Involvement in Osteopotential Regulation of Murine Bone Marrow Cells Under Simulated Microgravity
Authors: Tyrina Ekaterina , Yakubets Danila , Markina Elena , Buravkova Ludmila
Published: November 2024

The development of osteopenia is one of the most noticeable manifestations of the adverse effects of space factors on crew members. The Hippo signaling pathway has been shown to play a central role in regulating the functional activity of cells through their response to mechanical stimuli. In the present study, the components of the Hippo pathway and the protective properties of osteodifferentiation inducers were investigated under simulated microgravity (smg) using a heterotypic bone marrow cell culture model, which allows for the maintenance of the close interaction between the stromal and hematopoietic compartments, present in vivo and of great importance for both the fate of osteoprogenitors and hematopoiesis. After 14 days of smg, the osteopotential and osteodifferentiation of bone marrow stromal progenitor cells, the expression of Hippo cascade genes and the immunocytochemical status of the adherent fraction of bone marrow cells, as well as the paracrine profile in the conditioned medium and the localization of Yap1 and Runx2 in mechanosensitive cells of the bone marrow were obtained. Simulated microgravity negatively affects stromal and hematopoietic cells when interacting in a heterotypic murine bone marrow cell culture. This is evidenced by the decrease in cell proliferation and osteopotential. Changes in the production of pleiotropic cytokines IL-6, GROβ and MCP-1 were revealed. Fourteen days of simulated microgravity induced a decrease in the nuclear translocation of Yap1 and the transcription factor Runx2 in the stromal cells of the intact group. Exposure to osteogenic induction conditions partially compensated for the negative effect of simulated microgravity. The data obtained will be crucial for understanding the effects of spaceflight on osteoprogenitor cell growth and differentiation via Hippo–Yap signaling.
Calcium Homeostasis Is Involved in the Modulation of Gene Expression by MSL2 in Imbalanced Genomes
Authors: Wang Ruixue , Zhang Shuai , Qi Haizhu , Wang Liuqing , Wang Youjun , Sun Lin
Published: November 2024

Aneuploidy is highly detrimental to organisms due to genomic imbalance. However, the influence of parental unbalanced genome conditions on gene expression of their offspring remains unclear, particularly in animals. To further explore the molecular regulatory mechanisms, we firstly analyzed the expression patterns of aneuploid Drosophila offspring from different parents with unbalanced genomes via reciprocal crosses and studied the potential functions of male-specific lethal 2 (MSL2) in this process. The results showed that the ectopic expression of MSL2 in aneuploidy resulted in gene expression patterns closer to those of diploidy, including MSL2 target genes, maternal genes, mitochondrial genes, and transposable elements. In addition, it was also found that ERp60, the key target gene of MSL2, played a crucial role in regulating endoplasmic reticulum (ER) Ca2+ homeostasis through its interaction with the STIM1 protein. When it was overexpressed, ER Ca2+ levels and the survival of aneuploid females were significantly increased. Furthermore, we observed upregulated ER Ca2+ levels identified in aneuploid brains, which suggested that Ca2+ homeostasis may be involved in the regulation mediated by MSL2 in aneuploid genomes.
Emerging Role of Extracellular pH in Tumor Microenvironment as a Therapeutic Target for Cancer Immunotherapy
Authors: Rahman Md Ataur , Yadab Mahesh Kumar , Ali Meser M.
Published: November 2024

Identifying definitive biomarkers that predict clinical response and resistance to immunotherapy remains a critical challenge. One emerging factor is extracellular acidosis in the tumor microenvironment (TME), which significantly impairs immune cell function and contributes to immunotherapy failure. However, acidic conditions in the TME disrupt the interaction between cancer and immune cells, driving tumor-infiltrating T cells and NK cells into an inactivated, anergic state. Simultaneously, acidosis promotes the recruitment and activation of immunosuppressive cells, such as myeloid-derived suppressor cells and regulatory T cells (Tregs). Notably, tumor acidity enhances exosome release from Tregs, further amplifying immunosuppression. Tumor acidity thus acts as a “protective shield,” neutralizing anti-tumor immune responses and transforming immune cells into pro-tumor allies. Therefore, targeting lactate metabolism has emerged as a promising strategy to overcome this barrier, with approaches including buffer agents to neutralize acidic pH and inhibitors to block lactate production or transport, thereby restoring immune cell efficacy in the TME. Recent discoveries have identified genes involved in extracellular pH (pHe) regulation, presenting new therapeutic targets. Moreover, ongoing research aims to elucidate the molecular mechanisms driving extracellular acidification and to develop treatments that modulate pH levels to enhance immunotherapy outcomes. Additionally, future clinical studies are crucial to validate the safety and efficacy of pHe-targeted therapies in cancer patients. Thus, this review explores the regulation of pHe in the TME and its potential role in improving cancer immunotherapy.
Physical Activity and Lifestyle Behaviors in Children and Adolescents
Authors: de Almeida Alexandre Aparecido , Noll Matias
Published: November 2024

A sedentary lifestyle, unfavorable body composition, and low muscle strength are strong predictors of morbidity and mortality and an independent determinant contributing to the development of many chronic diseases [...]
Aquatic Therapy in Children and Adolescents with Disabilities: A Scoping Review
Authors: Ogonowska-Slodownik Anna , Jakobowicz Oliwia , Alexander Lyndsay , Marinho-Buzelli Andresa R. , Devion Catherine , Morgulec-Adamowicz Natalia
Published: November 2024

Globally, around 1 in 10 children aged 0–17 years have moderate-to-severe disabilities. The aquatic environment provides hydrostatic and hydrodynamic characteristics that make exercise and therapy feasible for children and adolescents with disabilities. The objective of this scoping review is to understand the extent and type of evidence in relation to the use of aquatic therapy in children and adolescents with disabilities. The eligibility criteria were as follows: participants—children and/or adolescents with disabilities aged from 6 to 18 years old; concept—aquatic therapy interventions; context—any available setting. The databases searched included MEDLINE, CINAHL, EMBASE, PsycINFO, AMED, Eric, Scopus, Web of Science, Epistemonikos, and one register, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials. In total, 52 reports met the inclusion criteria. Most of the studies included children/adolescents with autism spectrum disorder (ASD; 46.7%)—442 participants in 21 studies in total. The majority of interventions were based on aquatic exercise (35%). Most often, interventions were conducted for 8 weeks, with 2 sessions a week lasting 60 min. The most common type of intervention for children and adolescents with ASD and Down syndrome was swimming. Participants with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, neuromuscular disorders, and cerebral palsy were more often treated with aquatic exercises. This scoping review could guide practitioners, clinicians, and researchers on what type, setting, and content of aquatic therapy interventions, including exercise types, intervention duration, number of sessions, frequency, facility, and provider, are used with children and adolescents with disabilities.
Management of Hirschsprung’s Disease: A Survey with Brazilian Pediatric Surgeons
Authors: Penaloza Cesar Saul Quevedo , Barreto Alana Carnevale , Ortolan Erika Veruska Paiva , Zani Augusto , Lourenção Pedro Luiz Toledo de Arruda
Published: November 2024

Background: Hirschsprung’s disease (HD) is a congenital malformation of the enteric nervous system clinically manifested by intestinal obstruction in the neonatal period or severe constipation in childhood. Several surveys on HD have been conducted to evaluate experiences in its management around the world. For the first time in Brazil, we analyze and report the management patterns of HD among pediatric surgeons in Brazil. Methods: A validated questionnaire was disseminated in print at the Congress of Pediatric Surgery in São Paulo-Brazil, and an online version was sent to all the active members of the Brazilian and Paulista Institute of Pediatric Surgery. Results: In total, 361 pediatric surgeons answered the survey. Of these, 329 completed all questions (response rate: 91%). Most Brazilian services treat fewer than 10 cases of HD annually. The preferred diagnostic method was rectal biopsy. For newborns (NBs) and infants, open biopsy was the most commonly used technique. For NBs with HD clinically stable 50% of specialists chose immediate surgery. In NBs and infants with classic HD, the Soave technique (69%) is the most common surgical intervention, and the transanal route (80%) is the preferred surgical approach. In children over 3 years of age with classic HD, the most-used technique is the Duhamel method (54%), with the open approach being the most common (52%). Conclusions: Our study in Brazil found that HD patient management aligns with scientific evidence and international guidelines.
Aeration Optimization for the Biodrying of Market Waste Using Negative Ventilation: A Lysimeter Study
Authors: Lwin Ye Nyi Nyi , Bhatsada Abhisit , Towprayoon Sirintornthep , Patumsawad Suthum , Sutthasil Noppharit , Wangyao Komsilp
Published: November 2024

This study investigates the optimization of aeration rates for the biodrying of market waste using negative-pressure ventilation. Market waste, characterized by a high moisture content (MC) and rapid decomposition, presents challenges in waste management. Over 12 days, three aeration rates (ARs) of 0.2, 0.4, and 0.6 m3/kg/day were examined, and the most effective continuous ventilation configuration was identified in terms of heat generation, moisture reduction, and biodrying efficiency. The results indicate that the most effective AR for heat retention and moisture removal was 0.2 m3/kg/day, achieving a 6.63% MC reduction and a 9.12% low heating value (LHV) increase. Gas analysis showed that, while AR 0.2 supported high microbial activity during the initial 7 days, AR 0.6 sustained higher overall CO2 production due to its greater aeration rate. The findings also suggest that the biodrying of market waste with a high initial MC can achieve significant weight loss and leachate generation when paired with a high aeration rate of 0.6 m3/kg/day, with a 69.8% weight loss and increased waste compaction being recorded. The study suggests that variable ARs can optimize biodrying, making market waste more suitable for conversion to refuse-derived fuel or landfill pre-treatment and improving waste-to-energy processes and sustainability.
Hybrid Electrocoagulation–Adsorption Process for Montelukast Sodium Removal from Water
Authors: Mirkhalafi Sayedali , Hashim Khalid S. , Al-Hashimi Osamah , Majdi Ali
Published: November 2024

This study addresses the significant environmental challenge of pharmaceutical pollutants by demonstrating the effectiveness of a hybrid electrocoagulation–adsorption (EC-A) technique for removing Montelukast Sodium (MS) from contaminated water. The research was conducted in three stages—adsorption, electrocoagulation, and adsorption using the residual water from the electrocoagulation process. The adsorbent materials were characterised using various analytical techniques: X-ray Diffraction (XRD) for determining the crystalline structure, Energy-Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDX) for elemental composition, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) for surface morphology, and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) for identifying functional groups before and after interaction with the pollutants. The adsorption phase achieved optimal results at a pH of 3 and a contact time of 120 min, with a maximum removal efficiency of 99.5% for a starting MS concentration of 50 mg/L using Calcium Ferric Oxide–Silica Sand (CFO-SS) adsorbent. The electrocoagulation phase showed a 97% removal efficiency with a pH of 11, a current density of 20 mA, and a 5 mm electrode distance, achieved in just 20 min. Finally, the combined EC-A process, with the pH of residual water adjusted to 3, further enhanced the removal efficiency to 74%, highlighting the method’s potential for pharmaceutical contaminant removal. These findings underscore the potential of the EC-A technique as a highly effective and adaptable solution for mitigating pharmaceutical contaminants in water.
Global Meta-Analysis of Innovation Attributes Influencing Climate-Smart Agriculture Adoption for Sustainable Development
Authors: Lee Chin-Ling , Orton Ginger , Lu Peng
Published: November 2024

Climate-smart agricultural technologies offer transformative potential for achieving Sustainable Development Goals, especially in mitigating extreme weather impacts and enhancing food security. Despite this potential, adoption rates remain limited due to various factors, with perceived complexity playing a significant role. This study conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to assess the influence of perceived innovation complexity on adopting climate-smart technologies. Using frameworks of the Technology Acceptance Model and the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology, we systematically reviewed 28 studies and conducted a meta-analysis of 15 studies across diverse geographic contexts. Our findings from the systematic review indicate inconsistent results on the impact of complexity on adoption due to the different items and scales used to measure the concepts of complexity across contexts, suggesting that there is a need for the development of a standardized scale to measure complexity. Results from the meta-analysis generated a summary effect size (r = 0.51, 95% CI = [0.05, 0.72], z = 6.78, p ≤ 0.0001), revealing a significant relationship between perceived complexity and adoption intent. The effect size of 0.51 indicates that higher complexity levels significantly decrease the likelihood of adoption intent for climate-smart technologies. Differences in CSA research trends across geographic regions highlight the need for tailored approaches to technology adoption that take into account the specific capabilities and constraints of each region. These findings provide valuable insights for policymakers, Extension professionals, and technology developers to design interventions to promote ease of use and enhance technology diffusion in sustainable farming practices and food security. These findings contribute to ongoing efforts to foster sustainable agricultural innovations, offering guidance to accelerate the global transition to more resilient farming systems.
Clinical Acceptance of Digitally Produced Zirconia and Metal Post and Cores, Based on the Impression Method
Authors: Perlea Paula , Stefanescu Cosmin , Petre Alexandru Eugen
Published: November 2024

Background: The existing literature predominantly examines post and core assessments post-cementation, neglecting the critical pre-cementation phase. Research on the clinical acceptance of dental posts received from dental laboratories before cementation is notably lacking. This study investigates the percentage of zirconia and metal dental posts that are deemed suitable for cementation by clinicians, among the total received from the dental laboratory. Additionally, it aims to examine whether this percentage varies based on the type of impression made by the clinician: digital impression versus conventional impression. Methods: This article introduces the application of computer-aided design-computer-aided manufacturing (CAD-CAM) technology for manufacturing customized zirconia and Cobalt–Chromium (Co-Cr) post and cores. Intraoral scanning is employed to capture the canal anatomy. In contrast to the traditional casting process, a three-dimensional (3D) metal printer machine is utilized to 3D print the metal post and core from Co-Cr, resulting in enhanced toughness and superior adaptability to the canal. Two null hypotheses were formulated, investigating the clinical acceptance of zirconia and metal posts obtained through traditional versus digital impressions. Results: Among 577 post and cores, 95% of metal posts from both impression methods received clinical approval. However, for zirconia posts, a significantly higher acceptance rate (95% versus 88%) was observed for those from traditional impressions. The Chi-squared test yielded a p-value < 0.05, underscoring the clinical superiority of conventionally obtained zirconia posts and supporting the null hypothesis for metal posts. Conclusions: A significantly higher acceptance rate is apparent among zirconia post and cores manufactured through conventional impressions, in contrast to zirconia post and cores produced via digital impressions. No statistically significant difference was identified between metal post and cores obtained through digital impressions and those acquired through conventional impressions.
Sex Differences in Sleep and Physical Activity Patterns in Autism Spectrum Disorder
Authors: Bricout Véronique-Aurélie , Covain Sandro , Paterno Jacob , Guinot Michel
Published: November 2024

Physical activity (PA) programs have been found to result in improved sleep in males with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), but little is known about the female characteristics. The aim of this work was to assess sex differences in sleep and PA indices using an accelerometer over 7 days and 7 nights. Sleep and PA variables were measured with questionnaires and with accelerometry in twenty-four children with ASD (16 boys, 10.3 ± 2.8; 8 girls, 11.1 ± 3.9). Some significant differences were reported between girls and boys. The total time in bed and wake time after sleep onset (WASO) were significantly higher in girls compared to boys (p < 0.01), whereas sleep efficiency was significantly lower in girls (p < 0.01). The results obtained from the sleep questionnaire (CSHQ) show averages above the threshold of 41 in both groups (the threshold indicates the presence of sleep disorders or low sleep quality). The number of daily steps was significantly lower in the girls’ group (p < 0.01), and the PA volume for vigorous and strong vigorous intensities was significantly higher in the boys’ group (p < 0.01 and p < 0.05, respectively). Our results show major alterations in girls, with a low level of PA and sleep alteration. PA is a relevant non-pharmacological approach to improve sleep quality and achieve sufficient sleep duration. However, particularly for girls with ASD, more personalized approaches to improve sleep may be needed to manage specific associated disorders.
Effect of Humidity on Interfacial Debonding Behavior Between Larger Graphene Sheet and Cement-Based Composites
Authors: Han Yongliang , Zhao Yongzhe , Wang Yijie , Chen Tong
Published: November 2024

This paper investigates the interface debonding behavior of graphene (G) on a calcium silicate hydrate (C-S-H) substrate using molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. The effect of interfacial water content on the debonding behavior of graphene on cement-based composites was studied. Simulation results reveal that there is only a van der Waals force between G and C-S-H; the interface bonding strength is weak; and the debonding properties (maximum peeling force (Fmax) and work (W)) are low. The debonding energy of graphene decreases with an increase in interfacial water content, indicating that water intrusion will weaken the binding effect of G and C-S-H, and reduce the difficulty of graphene’s debonding on a C-S-H substrate. Exploring the adhesion behavior of graphene on C-S-H under the influence of humidity at the nanoscale is of great significance for understanding the basic adhesion mechanism, optimizing composite material properties, and promoting the development of related disciplines.
Creating a Newer and Improved Procedural Content Generation (PCG) Algorithm with Minimal Human Intervention for Computer Gaming Development
Authors: Lazaridis Lazaros , Fragulis George F.
Published: November 2024

Procedural content generation (PCG) algorithms have become increasingly vital in video games developed by small studios due to their ability to save time while creating diverse and engaging environments, significantly enhancing replayability by ensuring that each gameplay experience is distinct. Previous research has demonstrated the effectiveness of PCG in generating various game elements, such as levels and weaponry, with unique attributes across different playthroughs. However, these studies often face limitations in processing efficiency and adaptability to real-time applications. The current study introduces an improved spawn algorithm designed for 2D map generation, capable of creating maps with multiple room sizes and a decorative object. Unlike traditional methods that rely solely on agent-based evaluations, this constructive algorithm emphasizes reduced processing power, making it suitable for generating small worlds in real time, particularly during loading screens. Our findings highlight the algorithm’s potential to streamline game development processes, especially in resource-constrained environments, while maintaining high-quality content generation.
Microencapsulation, Cream Development, and Controlled Clinical Study of an Upcycled Polyphenolic Extract Combined with sh-Oligopeptide-1
Authors: Mayayo Teo , Russo Gabriella , Jiménez-Escobar Ana Leticia , Pérez-González Noelia , Clares Beatriz , Ruiz Adolfina , Tomás-Cobos Lidia , Valera Ana , Gómez-Farto Almudena , Arias-Santiago Salvador , Montero-Vilchez Trinidad
Published: November 2024

Olive mills produce pomace as a by-product of olive oil production process, which has a negative environmental impact. In this study, the dry extract of pomace (OG2), rich in polyphenols, was used for cosmetic purposes. The polyphenolic extract was encapsulated together with sh-oligopeptide-1 using cellulose fibres by spray-drying technology. Cytotoxicity and antistress cell studies were carried out using a modified cell line (THP1). Based on the results, a single, randomised, self-controlled study was conducted to evaluate the cream in thirty healthy volunteers. Statistical analysis was performed using a paired samples t-test. Skin moisture increased in the treated forearm (p-value < 0.000). There was an increase in elasticity in the treated forearm (p-value 0.042). TEWL decreased after one week of cream application (p-value 0.099). The results of this clinical study showed that the cream improved barrier function after one week of application on healthy skin.
Common Comorbidities and Complications in COVID-19 Deaths: An Analysis from Italian Data in Comparison with Influenza
Authors: Orsi Chiara , Simeoni Silvia , Grippo Francesco
Published: November 2024

Multiple cause data refer to all conditions reported on death certificates. Compared to the single underlying cause of death, these data provide additional information concerning the presence of comorbidities and complications leading to death. The objective of the study is to use a novel multiple cause approach for identifying comorbidities and complications of COVID-19. We analysed certificates referring to deaths that occurred in Italy in 2020–2021. With a double step chi squared test, we identified the conditions associated with COVID-19 and whether such conditions were reported as ‘cause of’ (comorbidities) or ‘due to’ (complications) COVID-19. For comparison, we adopted the same procedure for influenza deaths that occurred in Italy in 2016–2019. Pneumonia, respiratory failure and adult respiratory distress syndrome are the most frequent complications of COVID-19 and are also associated with it. These diseases have the same role for influenza, nevertheless this latter is strongly associated also with heart failure reported as a complication. Comorbidities are similar for COVID-19 and influenza: diabetes mellitus, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and obesity are the most frequent, with obesity much more frequent in COVID-19 cases. Hypertension is strongly associated with COVID-19 and is more frequent than in influenza cases. This approach is also suitable for other target diseases.
Growth and Characterization of High-Quality YTiO3 Single Crystals: Minimizing Ti4+ Containing Impurities and TiN Formation
Authors: Liu Yong , Bi David Wenhua , Magrez Arnaud
Published: November 2024

We report the growth of YTiO3 single crystals using different starting materials with the nominal compositions, (1) stoichiometric YTiO3; (2) oxygen deficient YTiO2.925; (3) oxygen deficient YTiO2.85, and different atmospheres, (1) 97%Ar/3%H2; (2) Ar; (3) forming gas 95%N2/5%H2, using the laser floating zone growth technique. The oxygen-deficient starting materials were prepared by mixing Y2O3, Ti2O3, and Ti powder according to the YTiO3-δ stoichiometry. The addition of Ti powder to the starting materials effectively reacts with the oxygen in the floating zone furnace chamber, reducing Ti4+ ion-containing impurities. High-quality YTiO3 single crystals with (2 0 0) facet were grown from the starting materials corresponding to the nominal composition YTiO2.925. YTiO3 single crystals grown from different starting materials are characteristic of oxygen content of 3 in both pure crystals and crystals containing impurities, revealed by the same oxygen occupancy in single crystal X-ray diffraction measurements. When forming gas was used, a golden TiN coating formed on the surface of rod.
Effects of Temperature and Secondary Orientations on the Deformation Behavior of Single-Crystal Superalloys
Authors: Liu Sujie , Zong Cui , Ma Guangcai , Zhao Yafeng , Huang Junjie , Guo Yi , Chen Xingqiu
Published: November 2024

The tensile behavior of single-crystal superalloys was investigated at room temperature (RT) and 850 °C, focusing on various secondary orientations. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and quasi in situ electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) were employed to study the deformation mechanisms across length scales. Deformation at 850 °C enhanced the tensile ductility of the samples, evidenced by the more uniform coverage of dislocations across the γ and γ′ phases, and the fracture mode switched from pure cleavage at room temperature to mixed mode due to accelerated void growth. The influence of secondary orientations on mechanical properties is insignificant at room temperature. However, the ductility of the different secondary orientation samples shows significant variations at 850 °C, among which the one with [001] rotated 37° demonstrated superior ductility compared to others.
Modulation of Surface Elastic Waves and Surface Acoustic Waves by Acoustic–Elastic Metamaterials
Authors: Fu Chang , Ma Tian-Xue
Published: November 2024

Metamaterials enable the modulation of elastic waves or acoustic waves in unprecedented ways and have a wide range of potential applications. This paper achieves the simultaneous manipulation of surface elastic waves (SEWs) and surface acoustic waves (SAWs) using two-dimensional acousto-elastic metamaterials (AEMMs). The proposed AEMMs are composed of periodic hollow cylinders on the surface of a semi-infinite substrate. The band diagrams and the frequency responses of the AEMMs are numerically calculated through the finite element approach. The band diagrams exhibit simultaneous bandgaps for the SEWs and SAWs, which can also be effectively tuned by the modification of AEMM geometry. Furthermore, we construct the AEMM waveguide by the introduction of a line defect and hence demonstrate its ability to guide the SEWs and SAWs simultaneously. We expect that the proposed AEMMs will contribute to the development of multi-functional wave devices, such as filters for dual waves in microelectronics or liquid sensors that detect more than one physical property.
Urban Nature Preserves as Habitats for Rare and Endemic Flora in a Scrubland and Pine Flatwoods Region of the Southeastern United States
Authors: Lusk Mary G.
Published: November 2024

Florida, USA, has 215 endemic or near-endemic plant species, most of which are found in scrubland and pine flatwood habitats and some of which are globally threatened or endangered. Florida is also one of the most rapidly urbanizing states in the United States, and natural lands are being rapidly replaced by urban development in this state. Conservation easements and nature preserves are two tools for sustaining biodiversity in urbanizing landscapes. This collection of images documents observational research on rare and endemic wildflower species in the nature preserves of Hillsborough County, Florida (population of 1.5 million), part of the larger Tampa metropolitan area (population of 3.2 million). A two-year survey of wildflowers in 27 nature preserves dispersed throughout the county’s total 3.3 km2 area observed 410 species across 97 families. Of these 410 species, there were 19 species endemic to Florida, including the critically globally endangered Florida goldenaster (Chrysopsis floridana). Each of these endemic species relies on the unique soil and hydrologic conditions of the Florida scrubland and flatwood ecosystems, and preservation of these lands amidst urban development is critical for their conservation. The objective of this work is to document the role of the nature preserves as habitats for rare and endemic wildflower species, with the goal of providing science-based support for maintaining preserve land within and near urbanizing areas.
Advanced Artificial Intelligence Techniques for Comprehensive Dermatological Image Analysis and Diagnosis
Authors: Aksoy Serra , Demircioglu Pinar , Bogrekci Ismail
Published: November 2024

With the growing complexity of skin disorders and the challenges of traditional diagnostic methods, AI offers exciting new solutions that can enhance the accuracy and efficiency of dermatological assessments. Reflectance Confocal Microscopy (RCM) stands out as a non-invasive imaging technique that delivers detailed views of the skin at the cellular level, proving its immense value in dermatology. The manual analysis of RCM images, however, tends to be slow and inconsistent. By combining artificial intelligence (AI) with RCM, this approach introduces a transformative shift toward precise, data-driven dermatopathology, supporting more accurate patient stratification, tailored treatments, and enhanced dermatological care. Advancements in AI are set to revolutionize this process. This paper explores how AI, particularly Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs), can enhance RCM image analysis, emphasizing machine learning (ML) and deep learning (DL) methods that improve diagnostic accuracy and efficiency. The discussion highlights AI’s role in identifying and classifying skin conditions, offering benefits such as a greater consistency and a reduced strain on healthcare professionals. Furthermore, the paper explores AI integration into dermatological practices, addressing current challenges and future possibilities. The synergy between AI and RCM holds the potential to significantly advance skin disease diagnosis, ultimately leading to better therapeutic personalization and comprehensive dermatological care.
Image-Guided Radiation Therapy Is Equally Effective for Basal and Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: McClure Erin M. , Cockerell Clay J. , Hammond Stephen , Marienberg Evelyn S. , Koneru Bobby N. , Ward Jon , Stricker Jeffrey B.
Published: November 2024

Non-melanoma skin cancers (NMSCs), including basal cell carcinoma (BCC) and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), are highly prevalent and a significant cause of morbidity. Image-guided superficial radiation therapy (IGSRT) uses integrated high-resolution dermal ultrasound to improve lesion visualization, but it is unknown whether efficacy varies by histology. This large retrospective cohort study was conducted to determine the effect of tumor histology on freedom from recurrence in 20,069 biopsy-proven NMSC lesions treated with IGSRT, including 9928 BCCs (49.5%), 5294 SCCs (26.4%), 4648 SCCIS cases (23.2%), and 199 lesions with ≥2 NMSCs (1.0%). Freedom from recurrence at 2, 4, and 6 years was 99.60%, 99.45%, and 99.45% in BCC; 99.58%, 99.49%, and 99.49% in SCC; and 99.96%, 99.80%, and 99.80% in SCCIS. Freedom from recurrence at 2, 4, and 6 years following IGSRT did not differ significantly comparing BCC vs. non-BCC or SCC vs. non-SCC but were slightly lower among SCCIS vs. non-SCCIS (p = 0.002). There were no significant differences in freedom from recurrence when stratifying lesions by histologic subtype. This study demonstrates that there is no significant effect of histology on freedom from recurrence in IGSRT-treated NMSC except in SCCIS. These findings support IGSRT as a first-line therapeutic option for NMSC regardless of histology.
Compound Heterozygous Variants in the IFT140 Gene Associated with Skeletal Ciliopathies
Authors: Margiotti Katia , Fabiani Marco , Cima Antonella , Viola Antonella , Monaco Francesca , Alì Chiara , Zangheri Costanza , Abramo Carmela , Coco Claudio , Mesoraca Alvaro , Giorlandino Claudio
Published: November 2024

Ciliopathies are rare congenital disorders caused by defects in the structure or function of cilia, which can lead to a wide range of clinical manifestations. Among them, a subset known as skeletal ciliopathies exhibits significant phenotypic overlap and primarily affects skeletal development. This group includes several syndromes with overlapping but distinct clinical features, such as short-rib polydactyly syndrome (SRPS), Jeune asphyxiating thoracic dystrophy (JATD), Mainzer–Saldino syndrome (MZSDS), and cranioectodermal dysplasia (CED), also called Sensenbrenner syndrome. The most characterized features of skeletal ciliopathies are short stature, rhizomelic limb shortening, and thoracic narrowing to varying extents, with JATD presenting the most severe form. Here, we report a fetus with an extension of skeletal ciliopathy phenotype and compound heterozygous variants in the IFT140 gene. The affected fetus had multiple malformations, including increased nuchal transparency (NT), shortened and thick long bones, hypoplastic tibia and fibula, absence of bladder, flat nose, and frontal bossing. Our findings expand the mutation spectrum of IFT140, and the clinical spectrum associated with skeletal ciliopathies, highly relevant in diagnosis prenatal settings.