bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ab. No. 107 Effects of Yogasana on Anthropometric Indices and Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Symptoms in Women Undergoing Infertility Treatment: An Interventional Study
Authors: Magia Fagun
Published: June 2024

Introduction:

Prevalence of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) varies from 6.5 to 19.9% worldwide. Major symptoms include hormonal imbalances, irregular periods, excess androgen levels, and ovarian cysts leading to infertility. Yogasana is an important factor in improving physical and mental symptoms, as well as hormonal and metabolic parameters, thereby addressing various diseases. The purpose of the study was to examine the effects of Yogasana on BMI, FSH: LH ratio, and ultrasonography in patients with PCOS. Yogasana is a crucial component of physiotherapy treatment techniques that can target patients with PCOS.

Methods:

After screening for inclusion and exclusion criteria, a total of 31 subjects were included using sequential sampling techniques. At the end of 3 months, only 12 patients completed the treatment. All patients received a total of 60 minutes of treatment protocol, five days per week, including: 10 minutes of warm-up, 40 minutes of Yogasana (sitting, prone, and supine poses), 10 minutes of meditation, Baseline criteria for age, BMI, duration of suffering from the disease, FSH:LH ratio, and ultrasonography were recorded.

Results:

All the patients were women with a mean age of 31 ± 4 years, diagnosed with PCOS by ultrasonography, suffering for a mean of 14 ± 5 years. The Shapiro-Wilk test indicated that the data were not normally distributed. The Wilcoxon signed-rank test was applied to pre and post-treatment data of BMI, FSH:LH ratio, ultrasonography, showing significant improvement in all parameters (P < 0.05).

Conclusion:

PCOS is a chronic condition that cannot be cured; however, some symptoms can be improved through yogasana.

Implications:

Yogasana should be incorporated into the treatment of patients with PCOS to reinforce positive results.
Ab. No. 113 Effects of Mat Pilates Program on Inter-Recti Distance, Waist Circumference and Trunk Muscle Endurance in a Primiparous Woman With Post-Partum Diastasis Recti- A Case Report
Authors: Gahlot Payal , Singh Rajani , Shah Jinshi
Published: June 2024

Introduction:

To investigate effects of Mat Pilates program on inter-recti distance, waist circumference and trunk muscle endurance in primiparous woman having post-partum diastasis recti. Diastasis rectus abdominis occurs when inter-recti distance (IRD) becomes more than 2 cm at umbilicus levels or an upper or lower point of umbilicus during pregnancy and after childbirth. Pilates is expected to positively affect women with weak abdominal muscles after childbirth.

Methods:

31-year-old primiparous woman having diastasis recti complaining of separation at navel level after 1st delivery was taken, having 156cm height and 48kgs weight. 8-weeks Mat Pilates exercise program including progression was given in physiotherapy department. Measuring tape was used to examine IRD at umbilicus, 2, 4 and 6 inches above umbilicus and 2 inches below. Pressure biofeedback was used to assess endurance of trunk muscles, manual muscle testing was done to access strength of trunk muscles and waist circumference was measured using measuring tape. Descriptive analysis of data was done and results were reported.

Result:

There was significant reduction in IRD of 2.5cm, 3.5cm, 3cm, 4cm above 6-inch, 4-inch, 2-inch and at level of umbilicus respectively and 2.5 cm at 2-inch below level of umbilicus. Core strength of transversus abdominis improved from 1set (10sec x1time) hold to 4 set (10sec x4 times) and multifidus improved from 1set (10secx1time) hold to 5 sets (10secx5 times). Trunk muscle grades increased from grade-4 to 5. Waist circumference reduced upto 1.5 inches with overall 3kgs of weight loss.

Conclusion:

Mat Pilates program improves IRD, trunk muscle endurance and reduces waist circumference in postpartum Diastasis recti.

Implication:

Mat Pilates can be an important method of rehabilitation for improving IRD and trunk muscle endurance in postpartum women having diastasis recti.
Ab. No. 121 Digital Therapy During Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL) Rehabilitation Through Evidence-Based Feedback Using Wearable Device Pheezee®, A Case Study
Authors: Harshavardni K P , Bandyopadhyaya Irin , Kondapi Mythreyi , Susurla Suresh
Published: June 2024

Introduction:

The outcome following Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL) repair depends largely on post-surgical rehabilitation protocol. Recovery map is generally quantified using ROM of knee, outcome score, and seldom muscle activity is considered. The aim is to bring about objective outcome measures during ACL rehabilitation programs where evidence-based feedback assists clinicians to develop dynamic treatment protocols and encourages remote personalized patient care.

This study advocates physiotherapists to integrate ROM, sEMG in ACL rehabilitation, establishing a comprehensive technologically advanced approach.

Methods:

This study includes a single participant who experienced ACL injury, underwent reconstruction surgery followed by post rehabilitation regime, and was remotely monitored using the wearable device. In this case study, ROM and sEMG data were acquired using a novel app-based wearable device Pheezee®.

The study employed quantitative analysis of prehab to post-surgical rehabilitation for one year. The objective data was interpreted and compared from the pre-operative to post-operative stages.

Results:

A satisfactory flexion of 139º and extension of 4º was achieved during post-op, which was comparable to the pre-op range. This is also reflected in the weekly muscle strength trend, where the quadriceps muscles have drastically improved (especially Vastus Lateralis), responsible for knee extension.

Conclusion:

Knee joint movement is improved from pre- to post-surgical states by adhering to Pheezee® based weekly assessments and exercise protocols. We observed that the acquired data is beneficial for both the physiotherapist and the participant in achieving their goals and making informed clinical decisions leading to modifications in the exercise protocols, use of brace, and walking aids. Further studies are required to determine correlation of subjective perceptions with objective outcomes.

Implications:

Real-time data helps in making informed clinical decisions, and tailor-made interventions insisting on an evidence-based approach and technology-enabled rehabilitation for effective, comprehensive, and personalized patient care.
Ab. No. 122 Functional Restoration Approach in the Management of Complex Regional Pain Syndrome (Crps) Caused By Onychomycosis: A Case Report
Authors: Kamat Vidya , Srikantaiah Soni , Kulkarni Anagha
Published: June 2024

Introduction:

The objective of this case report is to highlight the importance of incorporating functional restoration approach in the physiotherapy management of CRPS.

The significant pain and disability associated with CRPS is not only biomedically faceted but frequently encompasses psychosocial aspects too. Physiotherapy management should address both these aspects. The functional restoration approach emphasizes gradual progression, starting with pre-sensorimotor cortices activation, then advancing to functional tasks.

Methods:

This is a case review of a 61 year old man with history of Onychomycosis presenting with left shoulder, wrist and hand stiffness and pain 6 months post the infection. Patient also presented with fear of movement and was reported to have had not used the arm functionally for daily activities since the onset of the infection. Patient is a k/c/o intentional tremors since 25 years.

The functional restoration approach included patient education, desensitization using kinetic sand, followed by movement with Mulligan’s technique and graded functional activity by perpetual training over subsequent sessions. Pre and post assessments after a 3-week intervention included Kinesiophobia, Function, Pain, ROM, and grip strength. Additionally, the Archimedes spiral test was used to gauge tremor severity as a secondary outcome.

Results:

Post-intervention, positive changes were observed in outcome measures: a 16% decrease in Tampa Scale of Kinesiophobia, 10% improvement in Michigan Hand Outcome, 7% in grip strength, and 7% and 8% in wrist and shoulder ROM, respectively. The Archimedes spiral test also showed a notable improvement.

Conclusion:

The approach demonstrated improvement in Function, pain, and Kinesiophobia, with notable changes in range of motion, grip strength, and tremors as well.

Implication:

Functional restoration approach is a comprehensive method of managing CRPS since it addresses the syndrome’s multifaceted nature. Simultaneous assessment of biopsychosocial components aids in tracking progress and predicting better outcomes.
Ab. No. 22 Effectiveness of Combined Core Exercises and Routine Rehabilitation in Improving Muscle Strength and Functionality in Knee Osteoarthritis: A 4-Week Intervention Study
Authors: Thomas Tina Dias , Eapen Charu , Hegde Atmananda S , Mane Prajwal Prabhudev , Mehta Saurabh
Published: June 2024

Introduction:

KOA is progressively disabling in nature, and developing effective treatment strategies is crucial to impede disease progression. Recent research has explored the role of core muscle exercises in mitigating KOA progression. This study evaluates the effectiveness of integrating core strengthening exercises into standard KOA rehabilitation. The study aims to assess the efficacy of incorporating core strengthening exercises and a routine rehabilitation program for knee osteoarthritis (KOA) over 4 weeks and evaluate its impact on physical function tests, knee muscle strength, and core endurance.

Methods:

Fifteen participants meeting specific KOA criteria completed a four-week intervention combining conventional rehabilitation and core exercises. Selection criteria included orthopedic diagnosis, incorporating medical history, radiographic imaging, and clinical indicators of KOA.

A pre-post analysis was done, wherein a portable dynamometer was used to assess for knee muscle strength and physical function tests (stair climb, 30-second sit-to-stand, 40-meter fast-paced walking, and timed up-and-go), and core endurance was evaluated. Statistical analysis using JAMOVI was done, with a significance level of P < 0.05.

Result:

Knee muscle strength in the affected knee’s flexors and unaffected knee’s extensors and 30-second sit-to-stand showed no significant difference. In contrast, the timed up-and-go test, stair climb test, 40-second fast-paced walking test, and endurance test showed statistically significant differences.

Conclusion:

After a four-week supervised exercise program, participants exhibited enhanced core endurance and physical function, showcasing the positive effects of exercise in these domains. However, knee muscle strength did not significantly differ, resulting in the need for longer follow-up studies. The study implies that integrating core exercises into routine KOA rehabilitation can enhance physical function and endurance, emphasizing the need for their inclusion in long-term treatment plans for KOA patients.
Ab. No. 134 Exploring Shared Decision-Making in Pediatric Multidisciplinary Team: A Mixed-Methods Investigation Into the Roles of Children, Caregivers, And Health Care Professionals
Authors: Hariharan S , Vadivelan K
Published: June 2024

Introduction:

Pediatric physiotherapy relies on collaborative decision-making among children, caregivers, and healthcare professionals for optimal outcomes. This study addresses the current gap in understanding the dynamics of shared decision-making in this context.

Our research focuses on quantitatively assessing the involvement of children, caregivers, and healthcare professionals during pediatric physiotherapy sessions. Through the Shared Decision-Making Questionnaire (SDM-Q-9 and SDM-Q-Doc), we aim to measure the extent of participation and identify factors influencing decision-making roles.

Methods:

In parallel, semi-structured interviews with 26 participants, including six children, five parents, and 15 healthcare professionals, provide qualitative insights. Results underscore a complex interplay of perspectives, emphasizing the need for inclusivity and effective communication. Children’s limited participation highlights gaps in their care programs, emphasizing the crucial role of caregivers in advocating for the child’s best interests.

Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 26 participants (six children, five parents and 15 healthcare professionals), and data analyzed using thematic analysis.

Results:

Healthcare professionals grapple with the delicate balance between their medical expertise and consensus-building. The study advocates for a collaborative atmosphere, emphasizing that the combined knowledge of children, parents, and medical professionals should inform pediatric healthcare choices, thereby enhancing overall care quality.

Educationally, our findings have implications for healthcare training. By identifying key factors influencing decision-making, the study contributes to the development of educational programs that prepare healthcare professionals to navigate shared decision-making effectively.

Conclusion:

In summary, this study sheds light on the intricate dynamics of shared decision-making in pediatric physiotherapy, emphasizing the importance of a collaborative approach for enhanced patient-centered care.

Implications:

The findings offer valuable insights for researchers, practitioners, and policymakers, contributing to a more comprehensive understanding of shared decision-making in pediatric healthcare.
Ab. No. 140 Non-Surgical Interventions for the Prevention and Treatment of Radiation-Induced Fibrosis and Its Associated Disability in Patients With Head and Neck Cancer: An ICF Framework-Based Systematic Review
Authors: Gururaj Rachita , Verma Ridhi , Bhupal Divya Priya , Veluswamy Sundar Kumar
Published: June 2024

Introduction:

To outline non-surgical interventions effective in preventing or treating the effects of Radiation-induced fibrosis (RIF) in Head and Neck Cancer (HNC) Survivors across domains of International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF).

RIF is a debilitating, long term sequalae of radiotherapy in HNC survivors. ICF provides an opportunity to map limitation in body functions, activity and participation with interventions but has not been used in understanding the impact of RIF in HNC survivors.

Methods:

Studies reporting non-surgical interventions for prevention/treatment of RIF. The review was registered in PROSPERO. Using a systematic review framework, a comprehensive search was run in six databases, independently screened, and verified by authors. Risk-of-Bias was determined using NIH quality assessment tool.

Qualitative descriptive analysis was performed for the included studies. Intervention targets and outcomes were mapped to ICF domains.

Results:

Fifteen of 7966 retrieved studies representing data of 603 participants were included for the review. Fourteen studies were of fair and one of good quality. Seven studies representing 294 participants aimed at prevention while eight representing 309 participants aimed at treatment of RIF. Interventions studied included- exercise, electrotherapy, orthotics, swallow therapy and pharmacotherapy. Studies weren’t mutually exclusive for ICF domains. Among prevention studies, four focused on body structure, six on body function, and one on activity and participation. Among treatment studies, five addressed body structure, seven on body function, and five on activity and participation.

Conclusion:

Non-surgical interventions for prevention or treatment of RIF are available across ICF domains. However, the studies are limited in numbers and are of fair quality.

Implications:

This review provides a summary of the current state of research evidence and could be useful in providing direction to future research for prevention/treatment of RIF in HNC survivors.
Ab. No. 142 Intervention Strategies to Enhance Exercise Adherence in Individuals With Low Back Pain
Authors: Usha H N , Shobhalakshmi S
Published: June 2024

Introduction:

Adherence to exercise is the cornerstone of a successful rehabilitation program and serves as a vital connection between the intervention and outcome. A lack of adherence to exercise regime was seen in approximately 50-70% individuals with low back pain (LBP). Therefore, the objective was to review the intervention strategies to enhance exercise adherence in individuals with LBP.

Understanding intervention strategies aimed at enhancing exercise adherence could assist practitioners in improving patient outcomes.

Method:

Articles reporting physiotherapy interventions in enhancing exercise adherence in low back pain and musculoskeletal conditions were included. Comprehensive literature search was performed using the search engines PubMed, Cochrane library and Google Scholar. Search strategy was formulated and articles selected based on the inclusion/exclusion criteria.

18 articles were screened and 9 were included in the review, 4 were Randomized Control Trials, 2 Scoping Review, 1 Pilot study, 2 systematic reviews.

Result:

Behavioral change techniques, web-based exercise programming system, improving self-efficacy, telemonitoring support and smartphone applications were some of the strategies that were found to be effective in enhancing exercise adherence in individuals with LBP.

Conclusion:

The findings of this review suggest that the implementation of behavioral change techniques and digital interventions have been reported to enhance exercise adherence. The effectiveness of these techniques can be assessed using more quantitative methods, as most of the trials relied on self-reported questionnaires and daily logbooks. In the future, guidelines need to be established for the evaluation and management for adherence to exercise.

Implication:

Understanding intervention strategies for exercise adherence help physical therapists to plan effective treatment, thereby improving patient outcome.
Ab. No. 146 Digital Revolution in Physiotherapy Clinical Practice: A Programme Built by a Physiotherapist for Physiotherapists
Authors: Shah Dhairav
Published: June 2024

In clinical practise, what gets measured, gets managed. A streamlined documentation system is necessary to organise the journey of each patient from digital consent to expected timeline of recovery. Even at a single clinic, each practitioner has their own assessment methods, differential and provisional diagnoses, and treatment protocols. As a consultant, monitoring the data of each patient is tedious, which necessitated the need for the ASIYA Documentation System.

American therapists spent 57 minutes/day authoring, 17 minutes/day viewing notes. Even after 2 years, notes are viewed. Nigerian report on physiotherapy documentation suggested accuracy needs to be improved to provide optimal continuity of care. 2006 study of an IPD physiotherapy department in Adelaide suggests only 4.3% records had 100% completion, highlighting need for quality in documentation.

This online inbuilt programme maintains patient records for data monitoring and organised rehabilitation. This includes a comprehensive patient registration format with an informed consent document, detailed evaluation in which pictures/ videos are uploaded, estimated treatment time, short- and long-term goals, next session plan, detailed treatment including exercise dosages. Patients can log-in to view the number of sessions completed, and the home exercise videos specifically prescribed. Patients receive message and email appointment reminders. Data security measures have also been inbuilt for data protection. Separate home visit management section exists.

The system is accessible, user-friendly, accurate ensuring quick information retrieval for timely decision-making and treatment planning.

Analytics and reporting enable tracking of outcomes, identifying trends, and makes data-driven improvements. Helps in providing information in legal cases and insurance claims, eliminates need for a receptionist.

By implementing ASIYA Clinic Management System, we have successfully addressed key administrative challenges, resulting in enhanced patient care, workflow optimization, staff efficiency, improved clinic performance, since the past 8 years.

Future scope includes remote access and telehealth integration.
Ab. No. 167 Association between Balance, Cognition and Quality of Life in Middle Aged Postmenopausal Women: A Cross Sectional Study
Authors: Suthar Himani , Gahlot Payal
Published: June 2024

Introduction:

The hormonal changes occurring in women during and after menopause transition have a relevant impact on physical performance and health-related quality of life. The use of challenging balance conditions to detect sub clinical risk of balance impairment has been reported in aging population. Postmenopausal women may experience a decline in cognitive skills in their daily lives. A decrease in functional performance and cognitive function may lead to poor quality of life in postmenopausal women. There are studies reporting that low physical function can predict low cognitive function during menopause. The aim of the study is to find out association between balance, cognition and quality of life of middle-aged postmenopausal women.

Methods:

Middle aged 102 postmenopausal females aged 40-60years were included for study. A cross sectional study was conducted among 102 postmenopausal women who had natural history of menopause were included. Any women who had hysterectomy, hormonal replacement therapy, any severe musculoskeletal impairment, abnormal hearing and vision were excluded. Data was collected using the menopause specific quality of life questionnaire, timed up and go test for dynamic balance and Montreal cognitive assessment used for level of cognition.

Result:

Total 102 postmenopausal females aged 49.66±3.46 years. Mean scores for TUG (9.27 + 1.25), MOCA (21.46 + 2.90) and MENQOL (40.37 + 8.34) were seen. Correlation was found between TUG and MOCA were (p=.009) (r=.928), between TUG and MENQOL were (p=.056) (r=.574) and MENQOL with MOCA were(p=-.031) (r=.756) statistically significant.

Conclusion:

There is positive relationship between balance, cognition and quality of life is seen in middle aged postmenopausal females.

Implications:

Assessing and intervening early in the functional performance is essential to maintain and preserve cognitive function in aging by tailored cognitive motor training with holistic approach to maintain quality of life.
Effects of Ambient Noise Isolation on Illness Severity and Mental Health Among Hospitalized Children with Asthma: Retrospective Study
Authors: Li Xiaoqing , Li Yunfang , Guo Wenwen , Zhang Yanling
Published: June 2024

Objective: This study investigated the effects of ambient noise isolation on disease severity and mental health among hospitalized children with asthma. Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted on the clinical data of 187 hospitalized children with asthma admitted from May 2021 to May 2023. Among them, 92 cases were categorized in the control group (conventional management) and 95 in the observation group (environmental noise isolation). Ambient noise level, disease severity, mental health, and sleep quality were observed and compared between the two groups. Results: Weekly time, the noise value of the observation group was lower than that of the control group (P < 0.05). Before the management, modified Tal scoring system, cough symptom score, and Spence Children’s Anxiety Scale-Short Version (SCAS-S) were recorded. SCAS-S and Sleep Disturbance Scale for Children (SDSC) had no significant difference (P > 0.05). Weekly time, no differences in the score of social fear dimension of SCAS-S, score of excessive sweating dimension of SDSC, Tal score, and cough symptom score were found between the observation and control groups (P > 0.05). The scores of other dimensions of SCAS-S and SDSC were lower in the observation group than those in the control group (P < 0.05). Conclusions: Environmental noise isolation for hospitalized children with asthma can effectively improve their mental health and sleep status, but this strategy cannot improve their disease.
Effects of Music Therapy on Aphasia and Cognition of Patients with Post-stroke: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Gong Dajiao , Ye Fengfang
Published: June 2024

Purpose: This investigation sought to systematically assess music therapy’s impact on aphasia and cognition in patients with post-stroke. Methods: Comprehensive searches were performed across major databases, including PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, Cochrane Library, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, and Vip Chinese sci-tech periodicals (VIP), covering publications up to December 2023. After screening and extracting data from the retrieved literature, its quality was appraised, which was followed by a meta-analysis using RevMan software (version 5.4, Cochrane Collaboration, Oxford, UK). Results: Nine articles, which were published from 2008 to 2022, were covered in this investigation, comprising 309 stroke patients in total. Meta-analysis results from these variations were found to be not statistically significant in the degree of functional communication improvement between the experimental group and the control group (standardized mean difference [SMD] = 0.23, 95% confidence interval [CI] (−0.19; 0.77), P > 0.05). These variations were found to be not statistically significant in the improvement of understanding ability in the experimental group compared with that in the control group (SMD = 0.21, 95% CI [−0.66; 1.09], P > 0.05). The degree of improvement in repetitive ability of the experimental group was considerably greater than that of the control group (SMD = 0.37, 95% CI [0.01; 0.76], P < 0.05). These variations were found to be not statistically significant in the improvement of naming ability in the experimental group compared with that in the control group (SMD = 0.30, 95% CI [−0.19; 0.80], P > 0.05). The cognitive score of the experimental group was considerably greater than that of the control group (SMD = 0.75, 95% CI [0.44; 1.06], P < 0.05). Conclusion: Music therapy can effectively ameliorate the repetition ability of patients with aphasia after stroke. It can also improve the cognitive ability of patients. Thus, music therapy could be further applied to treat this type of patients.
Effect of Acoustic Environment in Wards on Postoperative Rehabilitation in Patients with Oral Cancer: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Zhang Lu , Cheng Wei , Zhao Mingzhe , Tang Hanying
Published: June 2024

Objective: The increase in patient flow, replacement of medical equipment, and variations in surrounding environments induce increasingly serious acoustic environment problems in hospitals. This study aims to provide additional bases for the formulation of subsequent management plans in clinical practice by analyzing the influence of the acoustic environment in wards and the postoperative rehabilitation effect among patients with oral cancer. Methods: The medical records of 210 patients with oral cancer undergoing surgical treatment in Jinan Stomatological Hospital from February 2020 to October 2022 were selected for retrospective analysis. Patients with the acoustic environment in wards >55 and ≤55 dB were classified as groups A and B, respectively, according to the acoustic environment in wards. The effects of the acoustic environment in wards on postoperative blood pressure, blood viscosity, and blood glucose fluctuation (BGF) were observed to further analyze their relationship. Results: No significant difference was observed in indices such as preoperative systolic pressure (SP), diastolic pressure (DP), cardiac output (CO), postoperative CO, total cholesterol, and low- and high-density lipoproteins between the two groups (P > 0.05). The SP, DP, whole blood low-shear viscosity (WBLSV), whole blood middle-shear viscosity (WBMSV), whole blood high-shear viscosity (WBHSV), and BGF in group B were significantly lower than group A (P < 0.05). Correlation results showed that the total mean value of the acoustic environment in wards was positively correlated with SP, DP, WBLSV, WBMSV, WBHSV, and BGF (P < 0.05). Conclusion: The high acoustic environment in wards is significantly positively correlated with postoperative blood pressure, blood viscosity, and BGF in patients with oral cancer. The hospital should focus on and strengthen the management of the acoustic environment in wards, providing additional schemes to promote the postoperative recovery of patients with oral cancer.
Correlation between Long-Term Exposure to Traffic Noise and Risk of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Yu Zhaopeng , Song Maomin
Published: June 2024

Objective: This study aimed to probe the correlation of long-term exposure to traffic noise with the risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Methods: The data of 480 community residents collected from April 2017 to April 2018 were retrospectively analyzed. Exposure levels for traffic noise were defined using 24-h mean traffic noise. Logistic regression calculated the association between long-term exposure to traffic noise and the risk of T2DM. Results: Overall, 480 enrolled participants were divided into T2DM (n = 45) and non-T2DM (n = 435) groups. Participants with T2DM were older and more likely to be male, had higher BMI, and were frequent drinkers (P < 0.001). The T2DM group displayed higher exposure to traffic noise than the non-T2DM group (P < 0.001). According to quartiles of traffic noise, all participants were categorized into four groups: Q1 (<51.5 dB), Q2 (51.5–<53.9 dB), Q3 (53.9–<58.0 dB), and Q4 (≥58.0 dB). Prevalence of T2DM was 5.4% in Q1, 7.7% in Q2, 10.3% in Q3, and 14.1% in Q4 groups. Multifactor regression analysis showed that age, BMI, drinking history, and traffic noise exposure are risk factors for T2DM (P < 0.05), whereas sex does not seem to have a significant impact on T2DM (P > 0.05). Conclusion: Long-term exposure to traffic noise may elevate the risk of T2DM. This suggests that long-term exposure to high levels of traffic noise can increase the incidence of diabetes mellitus, which deserves further consideration.
Risk Factors, Complications, and Treatment Modalities for Sudden Sensorineural Hearing Loss in Pregnant Women: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Qian Haibin , Yang Huaqin
Published: June 2024

Background: Sudden sensorineural hearing loss (SSNHL) during pregnancy is a rare condition and has not been much studied. The study aimed to perform a systematic review and meta-analysis of the risk factors, complications, and treatment modalities for SSNHL in pregnant women. Materials and Methods: PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, ProQuest, and Google Scholar were used for the literature search. The Cochrane technique for assessing risk of bias was used for the article quality appraisal, and RevMan 5.4 was used for conducting the meta-analysis. Standard mean difference (SMD) and odds ratios with a 95% confidence interval (95% CI) were utilized. Heterogeneity and publication bias were assessed using the I-square (I
2) test statistic and the Egger’s test, respectively. Results and Discussion: The seven primary studies employed prospective and retrospective study designs. The meta-analysis showed that there were fewer risk variables for SSNHL in the experimental group compared with those in the control group (SMD = −0.45 to 3.24, 95% CI = −3.063.63 to 2.16–2.85), indicating that the analysis revealed an insignificant difference. However, the treated patients presented hearing improvement, suggesting a significant analysis (SMD = −0.6710.20, 95% CI = −1.2713.51 to −0.066.88). Furthermore, after therapy, substantial differences were observed in SMD between the two groups (SMD = −0.7415.18, 95% CI = −1.2423.85 to −0.256.40) in favor of the experimental group patients, based on the analysis results of four included studies. However, the I
2-value of 0% showed that the heterogeneity was low. Conclusion: SSNHL during pregnancy is a notably rare condition with an unknown cause. However, hormonal fluctuations, particularly increased levels of estrogen and progesterone during pregnancy, have been frequently implicated as potential triggers for SSNHL.
Low Uptake of Hydroxyurea among a Cohort of Sickle Cell Disease Patients in Nigeria
Authors: Okoye Helen Chioma , Efobi Chilota Chibuife , Ommunakwe Hannah , Duru Augustine Nwakuche , Nwogoh Benedict , Ugwu Ngozi Immaculata , Maduka Collins , Nonyelu Charles Emeka , Anigbogu Ikechukwu Okwudili , Ugwu Angela Ogechukwu
Published: June 2024

Background:

Hydroxyurea (HU) is the first disease-modifying drug used in the treatment of sickle cell disease (SCD). Despite its well-documented benefits, adoption and drug adherence have remained difficult.

Aim:

This study focused on determining the uptake rate of HU among SCD patients and the effects of HU on the disease outcome.

Methodology:

This was a retrospective hospital-based study conducted in four Nigerian tertiary institutions from October 2016 to September 2021. Data on their basic demographics, steady-state hematologic parameters, acute and chronic SCD-related events, and the use of HU were retrieved and analysed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 21. Statistics were both descriptive and inferential.

Results:

Of 509 SCD patients’ data analysed, 251 were male (49.3%), while 258 were female (50.7%). Their mean age was 26.9 (standard deviation ± 8.11) years; range: 18–63 years. Only 28 (5.5%) of the 509 patients were receiving or had ever received HU therapy. The steady-state hematological variables between individuals who are on hydroxyurea and those who are not hydroxyurea showed a statistically significant difference. Individuals who experience priapism (21.4%) and stroke (10.7%) were considerably more likely to be on HU (P = 0.001, 0.043), whereas patients not on HU were more likely to experience pulmonary hypertension (2.5%) (P = 0.001).

Conclusion:

The uptake of HU among SCD patients was low. Further prospective studies are encouraged to ascertain the factors responsible for this. There is a need for improved patients’ education and counselling to increase the level of awareness of HU and its benefits among patients.
Using auto-ignition to improve the cycle-to-cycle variations of a small two-stroke engine
Authors: WIJESINGHE Janitha , HONG Guang
Published: June 2024

Cycle-to-cycle variations occur frequently in small two-stroke engines as a result of irregular combustion and misfire due to the presence of the charge with incorrect air to fuel ratio and burnt gas adjacent to the spark plug. Under normal operating conditions burnt gasses inhibit the flame propagation that initiates from the spark plug. In this paper auto-ignition has been investigated as a means of overcoming the above problem by converting the presence of burnt gas from a disadvantage to an advantage. Under the current investigation trapping exhaust gas using a butterfly valve installed in the exhaust manifold was adopted as a method of realising auto-ignition in a small single cylinder two-stroke engine. Within the operating region of auto-ignition a significant reduction in cycle-to-cycle variations was achieved.
Exhaust Gas Turn Flow Construction in Catalyst Unit for Improvement of Purification Rate by Metal Honeycomb Substrate
Authors: NAKAGAWA Yuuhi , TAKADA Yasuhiro , SHIMADA Nobuhiro , KUMAGAI Yoshihiko , OGASAWARA Makoto
Published: June 2024

All over the world, stronger controls are being imposed on exhaust gas emissions from automobiles, and thus, more evolutionary catalyst unit technology is being demanded. Specifically, this trend creates the need for small, low-cost catalyst units. To meet this need we have developed a catalyst unit, mounted in the middle of the exhaust pipe, which has a pathway to turn motorcycle exhaust gas in the catalyst (referred to as a “turn flow catalyst unit”). The objective of this development was to miniaturize the catalyst unit and to decrease the amount of catalyst used in the unit.

This newly designed catalyst unit is about 30% lesser in volume than the straight-mounted catalyst units commonly used in motorcycles of the same displacement.
New generation of metallic substrates for catalytic converters in small engine application
Authors: RECK Alfred , KAISER Friedrich-Wilhelm , JAYAT Francois , KORMAN Matjaž , KIRCHBERGER Roland , HIRZ Mario
Published: June 2024

The new generation of metallic substrates for catalytic converters used in the two and three wheeler industry is capable of improving conversion behavior even with smaller catalyst size. The lowering of production costs due to less use of precious metal is possible. This novel technological application in motorcycle vehicle class improves exhaust emission performance and introduces a new competitive product on the market. Specially developed foil structures, which transform a laminar exhaust gas flow to a turbulent one, significantly improve exhaust gas mixing behavior in the catalyst.

This publication is dealing with the analysis of different metallic substrate foil structures for the catalyst conversion performance and the light-off characteristics for the leading state of the art four stroke 150 cm3 motorcycle technology developed for the Asian market. The impact of standard compared to turbulent substrate foil structures tested under Indian (IDC) and European (ECE R40) driving cycles will be discussed in depth. Especially turbulent catalytic converters with transversal, longitudinal and perforated substrate foil structures and the influence of the catalyst volume and different coating on conversion have been treated.
Design and Dimensioning of Centrally Fastened, Friction-locked Connections in Auxiliary Drive Assemblies
Authors: WALTHER Volkhard , LEIDICH Erhard
Published: June 2024

A simple and cost-effective approach to connect the sprocket wheels or belt pulleys of the engine's auxiliaries drive system to the crank-shaft is fastening the parts using a central bolt. In this case, load transmission is carried out exclusively by the friction among the parts' frontal contact surfaces. Consequently, such connections are typically dimensioned according to the torque load and the governing coefficient of friction.

The auxiliaries' increasing power demands involve much higher loads on such connections which may lead to severe failures, such as relative motions between the timing-sprocket and the crank-shaft. In order to understand and avoid those problems, the transmission behaviour of the contact surfaces has been investigated by means of analytical, experimental, and finite-element analyses. As shown in this contribution belt and chain forces lead to additional bending loads and shear forces in the frictional contacts that reduce the transferable torque dramatically. The “torque-only” dimensioning approach neglects these loads and, therefore, underestimates the required clamp load of the bolt. Theoretical considerations lead to a new analytical calculation model that allows the calculation of required axial pre-tension force bolt taking the additional bending and shear load components into account. As a result, the connections can now be dimensioned precisely avoiding both critical failures and unnecessarily high safety factors.
WEAR OF COATED AND UNCOATED PRIMARY CLUTCH SHEAVES IN A CVT
Authors: Mower David A. , Todd Robert H.
Published: June 2024

In research conducted at Brigham Young University, four coatings were tested for their ability to increase the wear life of primary clutch sheaves made of A390 die-cast aluminum used in continuously variable transmissions (CVT). The coatings tested were: hard chrome, electroless nickel metal, hard coat anodizing and composite ceramic coating.

A wear test stand was developed to duplicate wear found on CVTs currently in use. The wear was evaluated using four methods. The test first method characterized the shift delay properties of the worn CVTs while running on the wear test stand. As the CVT was run on the wear test stand a delay in shifting would develop during the unloading cycles. The second method used an ATV and chassis dynamometer to evaluate the change in performance with wear. The third method used a profilometer to evaluate the amount of material lost, through wear. Finally a scanning electron microscope was used to identify wear scar and wear morphology to determine the dominate mechanism of wear in the sheave material.

The hard chrome coated primary clutches had a 22% lower shift delay than the uncoated clutches in the shift delay test. Statistical analysis was done on the dynamometer test results. This analysis showed that the coatings were a significant factor in the performance of the ATV over time. However due to high variance the analysis was not able to differentiate between coatings. Profilometer test showed that the hard chrome coated clutches had an average of 47% less wear than the uncoated clutches. These tests also showed that the electroless nickel coated clutches had more wear than the uncoated clutches. From the SEM scans the dominate wear mechanism in the hard chrome and the uncoated clutches was adhesive wear and surface fatigue wear in the electroless nickel coating. The hard coat anodized and ceramic composite coatings were eliminated early in testing because of poor performance.
Simulation of Fluctuation Behavior during Motorcycle Acceleration
Authors: Matsushima Hirohide , Sakata Masashi , Suzuki Ryo
Published: June 2024

Motorcycles are vehicles regarding which users have extremely strong preferences, so riding comfort determines a large portion of their commercial value. In order to provide the high level of riding comfort sought by motorcycle owners, we must select the most effective settings for the engine and the drive train. This paper concerns fluctuations in longitudinal acceleration when a motorcycle is accelerated, which is one of the benchmarks for evaluating riding comfort. This phenomenon consists of fluctuations in longitudinal acceleration during acceleration that cause an uncomfortable feeling for the rider, so the fluctuations in acceleration must be moderate. In composing the simulation model, we modeled the entire drive train from the crankshaft to the tire into a model. By comparing the results of the simulation model and of field tests, we confirmed that it is possible to simulate fluctuations in the revolutions of the drive train. Based on the results of the simulation, it was possible to posit that fluctuations in the longitudinal acceleration were attributable to play in the dog clutch. We then employed that simulation model to study potential methods for reducing fluctuations in longitudinal acceleration during acceleration. We carried out sensitivity analysis by varying the mechanical properties of the drive train, such as moment of inertia, spring characteristics, and damping characteristics. As a result, we were able to conduct studies on potential improvement methods in various combinations prior to the field tests. We then conducted riding tests to confirm the effects of the improvement measures. We recorded the longitudinal body acceleration data during the riding tests with an accelerometer mounted on the fuel tank, and the effects of improvement were quantitatively confirmed. As a result, by conducting the necessary studies prior to carrying out field tests, we were able to focus on the most promising improvement method, and we were able to provide a far more comfortable riding feeling, thereby receiving a more positive rider's evaluation of longitudinal acceleration.
An Innovative Measurement System for Measuring Dynamic Wheel Forces and Moments of a Two-wheeler
Authors: Karthikeyan S , Rakesh MK , Babu R , Pacejka H B
Published: June 2024

Tyres are the primary contact between the vehicle and the road. It serves as the medium of communication between the road and the rider, which it does in terms of road loads and displacements. Therefore, measurement of dynamic wheel forces experienced by a two-wheeler is crucial for tuning the ride and handling characteristics of the vehicle. Currently, there are standard wheel force transducers available in the market, which are extensively used in cars. However, mass of such a system is relatively high to be used on two-wheelers. Special wheels and adaptors increase the unsprung mass considerably, which changes the dynamics of the vehicle. Moreover, cost of such systems is exorbitantly high to be used for two-wheelers.

This paper describes the development of an innovative and a highly versatile and low-cost alternative method for real-time measurement of dynamic wheel loads and moments of a two-wheeler when compared with the currently available systems in the market. The measurement system has a relatively simple architecture, which comprises of standard tri-axial load transducers fitted between the front fork and wheel assembly of the motorcycle. The simple architecture of the system makes it highly cost effective when compared to systems available in the market. The transducers were integrated with a standard data acquisition system to measure wheel forces and moments on a vehicle operating at different road conditions and the findings are presented. Possible future applications of the system have been identified and presented.
Finding the ‘Right’ Irish for the New Testament
Authors: Hoyne Mícheál
Published: June 2024

An Irish translation of the New Testament was published in Dublin in 1602. This publication, and the translation work which underlay it, did not appear in a vacuum: two earlier printed books in Irish had paved the way, viz. John Carswell’s translation of Knox’s Forme of Prayer and Ministrations of the Sacraments, published in Edinburgh in 1567, and Seaán Ó Cearnaigh’s primer of the Irish language and catechism translation, published in Dublin in 1571. This paper seeks to shed light on the process by which an appropriate register was arrived at for Protestant printing in Irish, and in particular for the New Testament, through an examination of some of the linguistic and stylistic features of these texts, with regard both to decisions made by the individual translators and to sociolinguistic factors which may have limited their room to manoeuvre. These factors include contemporary conceptions of and attitudes to different language varieties, the lack of alternative models, and the nature and level of education received by individual translators. This paper builds upon the pioneering research of Ailbhe Ó Corráin (2013) to show that linguistically that portion of the Irish New Testament completed after 1597 has a more colloquial and dialectal quality than that which preceded it. This is tentatively connected with specific changes in the team responsible.