bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Sociolinguistic factors in loanword prosody
Authors: Operstein Natalie
Published: June 2017

In their proposed taxonomy of loanword prosody types, Davis, Tsujimura & Tu (2012: 36) remark on the potentially interesting difference between the assimilation of loanwords into a majority prosodic pattern in the recipient language and their assimilation into a minority prosodic pattern. This difference, however, is not incorporated in the taxonomy proposed in that work. This paper takes up this discussion by investigating case studies in which loanwords are assigned to a minority, or “marked”, prosodic pattern in the recipient language. The starting point for the discussion is the unusual pattern of stress-to-tone mapping in early Spanish loanwords in Zaniza Zapotec, a Mesoamerican language. The paper then discusses similar patterns reported from other areas of the world, arguing that they are significant for our understanding of the typology of loanword prosody and the effects on it of sociolinguistic factors.
Spanish loanwords in Amerindian languages and their implications for the reconstruction of the pronunciation of Spanish in Mesoamerica
Authors: Parodi Claudia
Published: June 2017

This paper shows that the phonetic shape of the Spanish loanwords in the Amerindian languages of Mesoamerica is precious evidence that proves that different variants of Spanish were spoken in the Americas at the beginning of the conquest. Such variants are Andalusian Spanish, Old Castilian Spanish and the Latin American koines that resulted from the leveling of the different 16th century migrant Spanish dialects. The Spanish loanwords in the Amerindian languages show as well that a later development such as the opposition between the apico-alveolar concave retracted sibilant /s̺/ and the interdental sibilant /θ/ was not adopted in the 17th century Spanish variants in the Americas. This was so, because the apico-alveolar concave retracted sibilant /s̺/ was lost in the Latin American koines by the end of the 16th century. Instead, the aspirated /s̪/ in coda position was part of the popular koines that were formed in the coastal lands (or “tierras bajas”) in the Americas, as reflected in the loanwords to the Mesoamerican Indian languages. The merger of the palatal lateral /λ/ with the palatal non-lateral /ʝ/ (“yeísmo”) slowly became widespread in the Americas and in the southern region of Spain during the 16th and 17th centuries. In the modern period this change continues to spread in Madrid and the Northern part of Spain.
Loanword evidence for dialect mixing in colonial American Spanish
Authors: Operstein Natalie
Published: June 2017

This paper provides evidence that the dialect mixture to which speakers of Mesoamerican indigenous languages were exposed at the beginning of their contact with Spanish contained a number of different peninsular dialects. The specific focus of the study is on the phonological shape of early Spanish borrowings in Zaniza Zapotec, an Otomanguean language from the southern Mexican state of Oaxaca. The study reveals that relatively few early Spanish loans in Zaniza Zapotec contained the features of seseo and yeísmo; instead, the majority of the early loans maintain the difference between the dental and apico-alveolar sibilants, and between the palatal lateral and the palatal glide. Additionally, the Zaniza Zapotec reflex of the initial consonant in Spanish zapato <çapato> ‘shoe’ is best explained by assuming a conservative, affricated realization in the input dialect.
Spanish–Huastec (Mayan) 16th-century language contact attested in the Doctrina Christiana en la lengua guasteca by Friar Juan de la Cruz, 1571
Authors: Guadarrama Lucero Meléndez
Published: June 2017

The aim of this paper is to present some aspects of Huastec–Spanish contact reflected in the early Colonial document entitled Doctrina Christiana en la lengua guasteca (De la Cruz 1571). First, I will present the morphological and syntactic strategies used to introduce Catholic words such as those for “baptism”, “devil”, “hell”, etc. from Spanish into Huastec. Second, I will show that the Spanish lexical borrowings were not registered by De la Cruz as phonologically assimilated into Huastec but rather simply included in the text with their forms in Spanish orthography.
Historical review of loans in Chichimec (c.1767–2012)
Authors: Lastra Yolanda
Published: June 2017

In this paper an attempt is made to sketch the history of loans from Spanish to Jonaz Chichimec, the only surviving Chichimec (Otopamean) language. These Chichimecs were hunters and gatherers whom the Spanish conquerors despised and feared. Their refusal to quit their ancient way of life was the cause of their almost total destruction in 1748 by the soldiers of colonel Escandón in present-day Querétaro. The approximately 1000 speakers living today are located in a community in San Luis de la Paz, Guanajuato. Loans in published sources only go back to the eighteenth century and the materials are scanty. More abundant materials are texts gathered by the author (1958–2010). The percentage of loans found varies according to the degree of dominance of the native language.
Western and Central Nahua dialects
Authors: Dakin Karen
Published: June 2017

This contribution explores the possibilities in the terms of comparative and historical linguistics that detailed analyses of six isoglosses in Nahua dialectology can serve to determine the chronology of key changes identified. Other proposals that treat those same changes are evaluated, in particular two made by Campbell & Langacker (1978), one concerning the possible subgrouping of Nahua with Corachol, and another within Nahua regarding the status of Pochutec as related to Western and Eastern Nahua. Revisions in previous analyses are also proposed with regard to the changes undergone by proto-UA **p in initial position, the complicated part played by the correspondences for the proto-UA vowel **u in forming the isoglosses for the Uto-Aztecan system of short vowels, and lastly, considerations that yet need to be taken into account about the origins of and the role played by the isoglosses for the lateral affricate ƛ. Secondly, the paper deals with the role in triggering such changes played by contact and more importantly multilingualism in western Mexico, especially that involving Nahua with Cora and Huichol. And third, although only very tentatively, the importance of the later Western Nahua migrations into the central area of Mexico and how the historical conditions that surrounded these may relate to the linguistic results. The findings help to explain the situation that Canger (1988) proposed in which Central Nahuatl in her terms (2011), was an “Urban Nahuatl”, a PostClassic koine of sorts, created when later waves of Western Nahuas arrived in the high plateau, a region that must have already been settled in part by earlier waves of Eastern Nahuas whose arrival, very probably, had been during the Classic period.
The Mesoamerican linguistic area revisited
Authors: Munro Pamela
Published: June 2017

Campbell, Kaufman & Smith Stark (1986; henceforth CKSS) propose a number of criterial traits for identifying “a particularly strong linguistic area” in Mesoamerica, showing that diverse languages from different language families of the region share enough morphological, syntactic, and lexical features to be legitimately considered a Sprachbund. In this paper, I present data suggesting that another language of Central America explicitly excluded from CKSS’s Mesoamerican list, the Arawakan language Garifuna, should be added to the Mesoamerican typological grouping. I also discuss several additional syntactic features characteristic of languages in the region which may be added to the list of characteristic Mesoamerican traits.
Language diversity, contact and change in the Americas
Authors: Pache Matthias , Mossel Arjan , Adelaar Willem F. H.
Published: June 2017

Filippo Salvatore Gilij (1721–1789) was a Jesuit priest and scholar who is known in linguistic circles primarily as the discoverer of several South American language families and as an astute observer of various linguistic phenomena. In his Saggio di storia americana (1780–1784), Gilij focuses on two linguistic phenomena: (1) Language change and the effect upon it of language contact. (2) The roots of both linguistic diversity and similarities as evinced by Amerindian languages. This paper explores Gilij’s observations on language and the influence exerted on his thinking by the work of earlier scholars. His model can be characterized as a hybrid of religious ideas and modern linguistic theory, with language contact as a major component in both.
Spanish in the Americas
Authors: Luján Marta
Published: June 2017

Bakhtin’s dialogical principle (DP) is a social theory of language that provides the right framework to characterize the Spanish language in the Americas (LAS) in intrinsic relation to the ‘mestizo’ (mixed) culture and identity that emerged from the biocultural contact resulting from the Spanish intrusion in the New World. I present an approach that uses the DP theory of the utterance, which meshes its constitutive extraverbal elements, interlocutors, chronotope, and theme, with the words and phrases uttered. Since in DP the utterance’s extraverbal elements enter into its semantics, content words must function as lexical variables. However, unlike functional variables such as demonstratives and personal pronouns, the lexical variables have unique lexical options (or shortcuts) that work as default values, the lexicon being a historical repository of the lexical shortcuts culturally shared by a community. An alterity theory integrates DP applying to interlocutors and defining the intragrupal vs. extragrupal dialogic contact as relevant for LAS formation in the 16th century. Additional arguments deal with (i) alterity and identity, (ii) the extragrupal dialogism with American Indians, and (iii) the historical vs. cultural chronotopes of the living utterances that initiated and shaped the Spanish colonial discourse in the Americas.
Discussing a balanced scorecard for one local independent New Zealand church
Authors: Yahanpath Noel , Pacheco Philip , Burns Edgar A.
Published: June 2017

This article explores internal discussions of a performance measurement tool called the balanced scorecard (BSC) for potential application in a suburban church. Interviews were conducted with church leaders exploring issues they face if a BSC was adopted to assess church performance. A significant finding was the difficulty church leaders had incorporating a finance perspective into their organizational thinking as a performance measurement factor because of the church’s primary focus and function as not-for-profit orientation to spiritual mission. This article argues churches like other organizations need a performance measurement tool, such as a BSC, to regularly monitor their organizational well-being, if they are to survive in a highly competitive and complex environment, even as non-commercial institutions with transcendent goals. The findings suggest the value for churches incorporating a finance perspective in measuring performance since finance sets the possibilities for the sustainability of the organization, even though religious or faith-based objectives are themselves not financial.
Ride the wave: Retrograde trafficking becomes Ca2+ dependent with BAIAP3
Authors: Sørensen Jakob B.
Published: June 2017

The functions of four of the five proteins in the mammalian uncoordinated-13 (Munc13) family have been identified as priming factors in SNARE-dependent exocytosis. In this issue, Zhang et al. (2017. J. Cell Biol. https://doi.org/10.1083/jcb.201702099) show that the fifth member, BAIAP3 (brain-specific angiogenesis inhibitor I–associated protein 3), acts in retrograde trafficking by returning secretory vesicle material to the trans-Golgi network. In its absence, secretory vesicle formation is impaired, leading to accumulation of immature vesicles, or lysosomal vesicle degradation.
NucliTrack: an integrated nuclei tracking application
Authors: Cooper Sam , Barr Alexis R , Glen Robert , Bakal Chris
Published: June 2017

Live imaging studies give unparalleled insight into dynamic single cell behaviours and fate decisions. However, the challenge of reliably tracking single cells over long periods of time limits both the throughput and ease with which such studies can be performed. Here, we present NucliTrack, a cross platform solution for automatically segmenting, tracking and extracting features from fluorescently labelled nuclei. NucliTrack performs similarly to other state-of-the-art cell tracking algorithms, but NucliTrack’s interactive, graphical interface makes it significantly more user friendly.

Availability and implementation

NucliTrack is available as a free, cross platform application and open source Python package. Installation details and documentation are at: http://nuclitrack.readthedocs.io/en/latest/ A video guide can be viewed online: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=J6e0D9F-qSU Source code is available through Github: https://github.com/samocooper/nuclitrack. A Matlab toolbox is also available at: https://uk.mathworks.com/matlabcentral/fileexchange/61479-samocooper-nuclitrack-matlab.

Supplementary information

Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Redefining environmental stewardship to deliver governance frameworks for marine biodiversity beyond national jurisdiction
Authors: Ridings Penelope
Published: June 2017

In 2015 the United Nations General Assembly decided to develop an international legally binding instrument (ILBI) under the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS) on the conservation and sustainable use of marine biological diversity of areas beyond national jurisdiction. To that end, it established a Preparatory Committee (PrepCom), to make substantive recommendations to the General Assembly on the elements of a draft text of an ILBI. The PrepCom has identified the tension between the principle of the common heritage of mankind and high seas freedoms embodied in UNCLOS as one of the issues which must be addressed in such an international agreement. Some participants in the process have proposed a sui generis regime as a way of resolving any apparent clash of these international legal principles, particularly as it relates to marine genetic resources and their access and benefit sharing. This article argues that environmental stewardship may provide the framework for such a sui generis regime. For it to do so, however, it must be grounded in international legal principles and act as a balance between competing values, perspectives and interests in the conservation and sustainable use of marine biodiversity beyond national jurisdiction. If appropriately redefined in this way, environmental stewardship can deliver a governance framework which addresses some of the central issues with which the PrepCom will have to deal. These include the practical problems of access and benefit sharing of the marine genetic resources of areas beyond national jurisdiction, and reconciling the conflicting pressure for international decision-making for the conservation and sustainable use of marine biological diversity on the one hand, and the maintenance of existing regional and sectoral frameworks on the other. Environmental stewardship, redefined, can provide an intellectual framework for an ILBI under UNCLOS on marine biodiversity beyond national jurisdiction.
Implementation of acute care patient portals: recommendations on utility and use from six early adopters
Authors: Grossman Lisa V , Choi Sung W , Collins Sarah , Dykes Patricia C , O’Leary Kevin J , Rizer Milisa , Strong Philip , Yen Po-Yin , Vawdrey David K
Published: June 2017

Objective

To provide recommendations on how to most effectively implement advanced features of acute care patient portals, including: (1) patient-provider communication, (2) care plan information, (3) clinical data viewing, (4) patient education, (5) patient safety, (6) caregiver access, and (7) hospital amenities.

Recommendations

We summarize the experiences of 6 organizations that have implemented acute care portals, representing a variety of settings and technologies. We discuss the considerations for and challenges of incorporating various features into an acute care patient portal, and extract the lessons learned from each institution’s experience. We recommend that stakeholders in acute care patient portals should: (1) consider the benefits and challenges of generic and structured electronic care team messaging; (2) examine strategies to provide rich care plan information, such as daily schedule, problem list, care goals, discharge criteria, and post-hospitalization care plan; (3) offer increasingly comprehensive access to clinical data and medical record information; (4) develop alternative strategies for patient education that go beyond infobuttons; (5) focus on improving patient safety through explicit safety-oriented features; (6) consider strategies to engage patient caregivers through portals while remaining cognizant of potential Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) violations; (7) consider offering amenities to patients through acute care portals, such as information about navigating the hospital or electronic food ordering.
Location of glomerular immune deposits, not codeposition of immunoglobulin G, influences definitive renal outcomes in immunoglobulin A nephropathy
Authors: Alvarado Anthony S , Andeen Nicole K , Brodsky Sergey , Hinton Alice , Nadasdy Tibor , Alpers Charles E , Blosser Christopher , Najafian Behzad , Rovin Brad H
Published: June 2017

Background

It has been suggested that the prognosis of immunoglobulin (IgA) nephropathy (IgAN) is adversely affected if there is codeposition of IgG in the glomeruli or if immune deposits are present in the glomerular capillary walls. We sought to understand how these variables affect clinical outcome.

Methods

A total of 80 IgAN biopsies were retrospectively divided into groups: (i) IgA without IgG deposition versus IgA + IgG and (ii) immune deposits restricted to the mesangium versus mesangium and peripheral capillary walls (PCWs). The association of these groups with the composite primary outcome of renal replacement therapy, renal transplant, death or doubling of serum creatinine (SCr) concentration was determined. The change in estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) was also assessed. Covariates examined were age, sex, race, SCr and proteinuria level at biopsy and at follow-up, duration of follow-up, treatment, Oxford score and presence of crescents.

Results

IgG codeposition showed a trend toward endocapillary hypercellularity (P = 0.082); there were no other baseline differences between the IgA (n = 55) and IgA + IgG (n = 25) groups. At a median follow-up time of 29 months, the combined primary outcome was reached in 24 patients, 16 with IgA and 8 with IgA + IgG (P = 0.82). Patients with immune deposits in the PCWs (n = 21) presented with higher baseline proteinuria than those with deposits limited to the mesangium (n = 59; P = 0.025), were more likely to have crescents/segmental glomerular necrosis on biopsy (P = 0.047) and were more likely to reach the combined primary outcome (P = 0.026). Biopsies with crescents/segmental glomerular necrosis were associated with endocapillary hypercellularity (P < 0.001).

Conclusions

In this multicenter IgAN cohort, IgG co-deposition and the location of glomerular immune deposits in the PCWs were both associated with greater histologic activity on renal biopsy, but only the location of glomerular immune deposits in the PCWs was associated with a significantly increased risk for end-stage renal disease, transplant, death and/or doubling of SCr.
Diagnostic Outcomes After Chest Radiograph Interpretation in Patients With Suspected Tuberculosis and Negative Sputum Smears in a High-Burden Human Immunodeficiency Virus and Tuberculosis Setting
Authors: Cudahy Patrick G. T. , Dawson Rodney , Allwood Brian W. , Maartens Gary , Wilson Douglas
Published: June 2017

Background

Evaluation of patients with suspected tuberculosis and negative sputum smears for acid-fast bacilli (AFB) is challenging, especially in high human immunodeficiency virus coinfection settings where sputum smears have lower sensitivity for detecting AFB.

Methods

We examined the utility of chest radiographs for detecting smear-negative pulmonary tuberculosis. Three hundred sixty sputum smear–negative patients who were referred from primary care clinics in the KwaZulu-Natal province of South Africa were evaluated. Chest radiographs were read by experienced pulmonologists using a previously validated Chest X-Ray Reading and Recording System (CRRS).

Results

Agreement between observers using CRRS was high at 91% with a Cohen’s kappa of 0.64 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.52–0.76). Against a reference standard of sputum culture, sensitivity was 93% (95% CI = 86%–97%), whereas specificity was 14% (95% CI = 10%–19%). Performance against clinical diagnosis (following World Health Organization guidelines) was similar with sensitivity of 92% (95% CI = 88%–95%) and specificity of 20% (95% CI = 13%–28%).

Conclusion

The low specificity of CRRS in this setting indicates poor diagnostic utility for detecting pulmonary tuberculosis.
Development and Assessment of a Physician-Specific Antimicrobial Usage and Spectrum Feedback Tool
Authors: McIntyre Mark T , Naik Lopa , Bell Chaim M , Morris Andrew M
Published: June 2017

Individualized data are required but difficult to obtain for effective antimicrobial stewardship audit and feedback. We developed a summative tool to evaluate consumption (days of therapy per 100 patient-days) and spectrum of antimicrobials that was also acceptable to individual clinicians.
Pleural Effusion Caused by Bacillus Calmette-Guérin Immunotherapy for Bladder Cancer
Authors: Rachakonda Tara , Kendall Brian , Spivak Adam M , Boltax Jonathan
Published: June 2017

Intravesical bacillus Calmette Guérin (BCG) instillation has been used as immunotherapy for early stage bladder cancer for >40 years. Complications from this therapy are rare but may result in a spectrum of infectious sequelae. Here we describe the case of an elderly man who presented with a pleural effusion and subcutaneous nodule several years after treatment with BCG.
Isolated Fourth Ventricle: To Shunt or Stent
Authors: Mohanty Aaron , Manwaring Kim
Published: June 2017

BACKGROUND

Of the various management options for isolated fourth ventricle (IFV), fourth ventriculoperitoneal shunts (FVPS) and aqueductal stents (AST) have been the most favored. Though effective, FVPS are often difficult to place and have higher complication rates than conventional ventricular shunts.

OBJECTIVE

To assess the efficacy of AST in IFV and compare the outcome with FVPS.

METHODS

Twenty-five patients surgically treated for IFV were analyzed. In all, a preoperative magnetic resonance imaging assessed the extent of aqueductal obstruction. Patients with an identified short-segment aqueductal stenosis were considered for AST placement; those with long-segment aqueductal obstruction underwent FVPS.

RESULTS

Of the 25, 12 were symptomatic, while 13 were asymptomatic (progressive dilation of IFV in 9, persistent dilation with distortion of the brain stem in 4). In 3 with normal ventricles, the ventricles had to be dilated by externalizing the shunt before placing the stent. Nineteen underwent AST placement, whereas in 6 FVPS was performed. Sixteen patients underwent a simultaneous cerebrospinal fluid diversion procedure and fourth ventricular decompression. At follow-up (mean: 45 mo), stent migration was observed in 2 patients. In the FVPS group, 1 had 2 shunt revisions while another developed reversible cranial nerve paresis. Though a reduction of the IFV was observed with both procedures, the extent of reduction was more with FVPS.

CONCLUSION

Both FVPS and AST are effective in managing IFV. The extent of aqueductal obstruction and degree of ventriculomegaly are often the deciding factors in choosing the management option.
Self-administered Lidocaine Gel for Intrauterine Device Insertion in Nulliparous Women: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Rapkin Rachel B. , Achilles Sharon L. , Schwarz E. Bimla , Meyn Leslie , Cremer Miriam , Boraas Christy M. , Chen Beatrice A.
Published: June 2017

(Abstracted from Obstet Gynecol 2016;128:621–628)

Both the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists and the American Academy of Pediatrics recommend intrauterine device (IUD) use for nulliparous women and adolescents. Despite these recommendations, only 5.9% of nulliparous women have reported current use of an IUD compared with 16.8% of women with 1 to 2 live births.
Sexual Activity and Function in the Year After an Acute Myocardial Infarction Among Younger Women and Men in the United States and Spain
Authors: Lindau Stacy Tessler , Abramsohn Emily , Bueno Hector , D’Onofrio Gail , Lichtman Judith H. , Lorenze Nancy P. , Sanghani Rupa Mehta , Spatz Erica S. , Spertus John A. , Strait Kelly M. , Wroblewski Kristen , Zhou Shengfan , Krumholz Harlan M.
Published: June 2017

(Abstracted from JAMA Cardiol 2016;1:754–764)

Acute myocardial infarctions (AMIs) occur among younger people aged 18 to 55 years. One-third of these occur in women.
Evidence That the Endometrial Microbiota Has an Effect on Implantation Success or Failure
Authors: Moreno Inmaculada , Codoñer Francisco M. , Vilella Felipe , Valbuena Diana , Martinez-Blanch Juan F. , Jimenez-Almazán Jorge , Alonso Roberto , Alamá Pilar , Remohí Jose , Pellicer Antonio , Ramon Daniel , Simon Carlos
Published: June 2017

(Abstracted from Am J Obstet Gynecol 2016;215(6):684–703)

In 2002, the vaginal microbiota was first identified using molecular methods that allowed detection of nonculturable bacteria. Alterations in vaginal microbiota could have clinical implications for reproductive and obstetric processes.
The Efficacy of Ultrasound-guided Type II Pectoral Nerve Blocks in Perioperative Pain Management for Immediate Reconstruction After Modified Radical Mastectomy
Authors: Wang Kaiyuan , Zhang Xiaobei , Zhang Tingting , Yue Hui , Sun Shan , Zhao Hongwei , Zhou Peng
Published: June 2017

Objectives:

The pectoral nerves (Pecs) II block is a technique that places local anesthetic between the thoracic muscles to block the axillary and breast regions. This study aimed to compare the quality of perioperative analgesia and side effects of the Pecs II block under general anesthesia versus general anesthesia alone in immediate unilateral breast reconstruction with an implant and latissimus dorsi flap after modified radical mastectomy.

Materials and Methods:

Sixty-four patients scheduled for immediate breast reconstruction after modified radical mastectomy were randomly allocated into the Pecs II block under general anesthesia group (group P, n=32) or the general anesthesia alone group (group G, n=32). After anesthesia induction, patients in group P underwent a Pecs II block. The primary endpoint was postoperative morphine consumption in the first 24 hours in postoperative intensive care unit. Intraoperative fentanyl consumption, visual analog scale scores, shoulder range of motion, and postoperative nausea and vomiting were also assessed.

Results:

Sixty patients completed the study. There was a significant reduction in postoperative morphine consumption (3.67 mg; 95% confidence interval, 2.91-4.51 mg) and intraoperative fentanyl consumption in group P patients compared with group G patients. Less postoperative nausea and vomiting (relative risk 0.22; 95% confidence interval, 0.05-0.94) and lower visual analog scale scores were also observed in group P. No block-related complications were recorded.

Discussion:

When patients underwent immediate breast reconstruction with an implant and latissimus dorsi flap, the Pecs II block offers a comprehensive block of associated nerves in the surgical area, and therefore can provide superior analgesia and reduced perioperative opioids use without obvious block-related complications.
The Experience of Pain Dismissal in Adolescence
Authors: Defenderfer Ellen K. , Bauer Kate , Igler Eva , Uihlein Julia A. , Davies W. Hobart
Published: June 2017

Context:

Pain in adolescence has psychosocial effects lasting into adulthood, including increased likelihood of pain in adulthood and higher rates of depression and anxiety. Many adolescents with chronic pain describe skepticism of pain reports, but this has not yet been evaluated in a sample of typically developing adolescents.

Objective:

The current study sought to describe the experience of perceived pain dismissal during adolescence in a community sample.

Method:

Nearly 2000 (1931) emerging adults were recruited from the community and answered open-ended questions regarding whether they had experienced dismissal of their pain in adolescence, who dismissed their pain, characteristics of the dismisser, and what that experience was like. Qualitative responses were coded using a Delphi method.

Results:

One in 10 young adults reported an experience of pain dismissal during adolescence. Young adults reported that dismissals by parents and physicians were the most distressing. Often, this experience was associated with a lasting sense of hostility toward the person who dismissed their pain, as well as anger, self-directed negativity, damage to the relationship, and feelings of isolation.

Conclusions:

One in 10 young adults reported at least one instance of dismissed pain and half of these instances involved a parent or medical provider. Results suggest a lasting negative impact of perceived dismissal. Pain in adolescence is a complicated experience and the current study indicates that parents and physicians need further guidance on how best to respond to reports of pain.
Distal humeral flexion osteotomy for the treatment of supracondylar extension-type malunions in children
Authors: Farr Sebastian , Ganger Rudolf , Girsch Werner
Published: June 2017

Distal humeral extension-type malunions may occur as a complication following improper reduction of supracondylar humerus fractures. We evaluated results after distal humeral flexion osteotomies for sagittal realignment of the humeral condyle in children. Medical records and radiographs of all patients younger than 18 years of age, who underwent this procedure because of a clinically relevant lack of elbow flexion, were evaluated. In a cohort of 18 children with a mean age of 8 years at the time of surgery and a mean follow-up duration of 1 year, elbow flexion increased significantly from a mean of 101° preoperatively to 126° at the final follow-up; established radiographic parameters (e.g. anterior humeral line, humerocondylar angle) were normalized as well. The distal humeral flexion osteotomy is a reliable method to efficiently correct extension-type malunions and improve impaired elbow flexion in children.
Scoliosis severity does not impact the risk of scoliosis in family members
Authors: Rudnick Samuel B. , Zabriskie Hannah , Ho Justin , Gurnett Christina A. , Dobbs Matthew B.
Published: June 2017

Does scoliosis severity increase scoliosis risk or severity in relatives? In a cohort of 1257 severe idiopathic scoliosis patients, the percentage with at least one affected relative was compared across the categories of patient sex, major curve severity (Cobb angle), and treatment method. In total, 138 (11%) of 1257 patients had at least one affected first-degree relative and 59 (5%) had at least one affected second-degree relative. As expected, males were more likely to have affected first-degree relatives than females (18 vs. 10% with a risk difference of −0.0864) [95% confidence interval (CI): −0.14 to −0.03; P=0.0002]. However, the major curve severity of the patient (<25°, 25°–49°, and ≥50°) did not impact the prevalence of having at least one affected relative (P=0.69). Surgically treated patients had no greater risk than nonsurgically treated patients of having either an affected relative or a surgically treated relative [11 vs. 11% (odds ratio: 0.912; 95% CI: 0.640−1.299, P=0.61), 6 vs. 5% (OR: 0.788; 95% CI: 0.485−1.280, P=0.34), respectively]. Therefore, our data suggest that scoliosis severity does not independently influence the risk of either scoliosis or its severity in family members.
The Clinical Picture of Severe Systemic Capillary-Leak Syndrome Episodes Requiring ICU Admission
Authors: Pineton de Chambrun Marc , Luyt Charles-Edouard , Beloncle François , Gousseff Marie , Mauhin Wladimir , Argaud Laurent , Ledochowski Stanislas , Moreau Anne-Sophie , Sonneville Romain , Verdière Bruno , Merceron Sybille , Zappella Nathalie , Landais Mickael , Contou Damien , Demoule Alexandre , Paulus Sylvie , Souweine Bertrand , Lecomte Bernard , Vieillard-Baron Antoine , Terzi Nicolas , Azoulay Elie , Friolet Raymond , Puidupin Marc , Devaquet Jérôme , Mazou Jean-Marc , Fedun Yannick , Mira Jean-Paul , Raphalen Jean-Herlé , Combes Alain , Amoura Zahir
Published: June 2017

Objective:

Systemic capillary-leak syndrome is a very rare cause of recurrent hypovolemic shock. Few data are available on its clinical manifestations, laboratory findings, and outcomes of those patients requiring ICU admission. This study was undertaken to describe the clinical pictures and ICU management of severe systemic capillary-leak syndrome episodes.

Design, Setting, Patients:

This multicenter retrospective analysis concerned patients entered in the European Clarkson’s disease (EurêClark) Registry and admitted to ICUs between May 1992 and February 2016.

Measurements and Main Results:

Fifty-nine attacks occurring in 37 patients (male-to-female sex ratio, 1.05; mean ± sd age, 51 ± 11.4 yr) were included. Among 34 patients (91.9%) with monoclonal immunoglobulin G gammopathy, 20 (58.8%) had kappa light chains. ICU-admission hemoglobin and proteinemia were respectively median (interquartile range) 20.2 g/dL (17.9–22 g/dL) and 50 g/L (36.5–58.5 g/L). IV immunoglobulins were infused (IV immunoglobulin) during 15 episodes (25.4%). A compartment syndrome developed during 12 episodes (20.3%). Eleven (18.6%) in-ICU deaths occurred. Bivariable analyses (the 37 patients’ last episodes) retained Sequential Organ-Failure Assessment score greater than 10 (odds ratio, 12.9 [95% CI, 1.2–140]; p = 0.04) and cumulated fluid-therapy volume greater than 10.7 L (odds ratio, 16.8 [1.6–180]; p = 0.02) as independent predictors of hospital mortality.

Conclusions:

We described the largest cohort of severe systemic capillary-leak syndrome flares requiring ICU admission. High-volume fluid therapy was independently associated with poorer outcomes. IV immunoglobulin use was not associated with improved survival; hence, their use should be considered prudently and needs further evaluation in future studies.
Comparison of Efficacy of Difluprednate 0.05% and Loteprednol Gel 0.5% After Cataract Surgery
Authors: Abessi Bryan , Brooksby Lauren , Schultze Robert L.
Published: June 2017

Purpose:

To compare the outcomes and complications of topical difluprednate 0.05% and loteprednol gel 0.5% after routine cataract surgery.

Methods:

Subjects received either difluprednate emulsion 0.05% (n=30 eyes) or loteprednol gel 0.5% (n=30 eyes) after routine cataract surgery. Topical steroid drops were initiated 3 days before cataract surgery and continued for 2 weeks postoperatively. Anterior chamber (AC) cell grade, corneal edema, corneal pachymetry, visual acuity, ocular surface quality (Oxford scale), and intraocular pressure (IOP) were evaluated at 1 day, 1 week, and 1 month postoperatively.

Results:

Patients treated with difluprednate or loteprednol had statistically similar resolution of their AC cell grade and corneal edema at 1 day, 1 week, and 1 month postoperatively (P>0.05 at each study visit). Difluprednate-treated and loteprednol-treated eyes achieved a mean best-corrected visual acuity of at least 20/25 by 1 week postoperatively (0.055 and 0.061 logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution, respectively; P=0.82). The nasal ocular surface quality at 1 week had improved in loteprednol-treated eyes compared with difluprednate-treated eyes (1.0 vs. 1.9 Oxford score, respectively; P<0.001), but similar at all other visits. There was no statistical difference between IOP levels between both treatment groups (P>0.05). In the difluprednate-treated group, one patient developed rebound inflammation and two patients developed cystoid macular edema at their 1-month postoperative visit.

Conclusions:

The anti-inflammatory effect, visual recovery, and IOP of patients using topical difluprednate or loteprednol gel after cataract surgery are equivalent. There may be an additional short-term benefit of loteprednol gel in protecting the ocular surface after cataract surgery.
Central Connections of the Lacrimal Functional Unit
Authors: Willshire Catherine , Buckley Roger J. , Bron Anthony J.
Published: June 2017

Purpose:

To study the contribution of each eye to the reflex tear response, after unilateral and bilateral topical anesthesia.

Method:

A closed-eye, modified Schirmer test was performed bilaterally in 8 normal subjects, in a controlled environment chamber set to 23°C, 45% relative humidity, and 0.08 m/s airflow. Eye drops were instilled into each eye 10 minutes before the Schirmer test. Experiments were as follows: 1) bilateral saline (control), 2) unilateral anesthesia (ipsilateral anesthetic; contralateral saline), and 3) bilateral anesthesia.

Results:

There was no difference in between-eye wetting lengths in the saline control eyes (P = 0.394) or the bilaterally anesthetized eyes (P = 0.171). The wetting length was reduced in both eyes after bilateral anesthesia compared with saline controls (P = 0.001; P ≤ 0.0005). After unilateral anesthesia, the wetting length was reduced in the anesthetized eye compared with its saline control by 51.4% (P ≤ 0.0005) and compared with its fellow, unanesthetized eye (P = 0.005). The fellow eye value was also reduced compared with its saline control (P = 0.06).

Conclusions:

The wetting length was reduced by topical anesthesia, when instilled bilaterally and ipsilaterally. The latter response implies an ipsilateral, reflex sensory drive to lacrimal secretion. In the unanesthetized fellow eye, the reduction compared with its saline control was not quite significant. This implies a relative lack of central, sensory, reflex cross-innervation, although the possibility cannot entirely be ruled out. These results are relevant to the possibility of reflex lacrimal compensation from a normal fellow eye, in cases of unilateral corneal anesthesia.
Influence of Refractive Status on the Higher-Order Aberration Pattern After Small Incision Lenticule Extraction Surgery
Authors: Li Liuyang , Cheng George P. M. , Ng Alex L. K. , Chan Tommy C. Y. , Jhanji Vishal , Wang Yan
Published: June 2017

Purpose:

To study the effect of myopia on the pattern change in higher-order aberrations after small incision lenticule extraction.

Methods:

Sixty eyes of 60 patients were included: low myopia (≤−3.00 D), moderate myopia (−3.00 D to −6.00 D), and high myopia (≥−6.00 D). Total higher-order aberrations (tHOA), vertical coma (

JOURNAL/corne/04.03/00003226-201708000-00012/inline-formula1/v/2023-09-12T091417Z/r/image-tiff

), horizontal coma (

JOURNAL/corne/04.03/00003226-201708000-00012/inline-formula2/v/2023-09-12T091417Z/r/image-tiff

), and spherical aberration (

JOURNAL/corne/04.03/00003226-201708000-00012/inline-formula3/v/2023-09-12T091417Z/r/image-tiff

) were measured preoperatively and at postoperative 3 months.

Results:

At the end of 3 months, tHOA changed significantly compared with the preoperative values (P < 0.05), except for

JOURNAL/corne/04.03/00003226-201708000-00012/inline-formula4/v/2023-09-12T091417Z/r/image-tiff

and

JOURNAL/corne/04.03/00003226-201708000-00012/inline-formula5/v/2023-09-12T091417Z/r/image-tiff

in the low myopia group. The change in

JOURNAL/corne/04.03/00003226-201708000-00012/inline-formula6/v/2023-09-12T091417Z/r/image-tiff

,

JOURNAL/corne/04.03/00003226-201708000-00012/inline-formula7/v/2023-09-12T091417Z/r/image-tiff

, and

JOURNAL/corne/04.03/00003226-201708000-00012/inline-formula8/v/2023-09-12T091417Z/r/image-tiff

in the moderate group (−0.299, −0.175, and 0.108 μm) was 2.020, 4.861, and 4.696 times higher than the low group (−0.148, −0.036, 0.023 μm) (P = 0.002, 0.001, 0.001), respectively. The value in the high group (−0.331, −0.192, 0.154 μm) was 1.107, 1.097 (P = 0.478, 0.665), and 1.426 times (P = 0.047) higher than the moderate group. The degree of myopia was positively correlated with Δ

JOURNAL/corne/04.03/00003226-201708000-00012/inline-formula9/v/2023-09-12T091417Z/r/image-tiff

(r = 0.447; P < 0.001) and Δ

JOURNAL/corne/04.03/00003226-201708000-00012/inline-formula10/v/2023-09-12T091417Z/r/image-tiff

(r = 0.496; P < 0.001), and negatively correlated with ΔtHOA (r = −0.363, P = 0.004) and Δ

JOURNAL/corne/04.03/00003226-201708000-00012/inline-formula11/v/2023-09-12T091417Z/r/image-tiff

(r = −0.599; P < 0.001).

Conclusions:

The study showed a different pattern of change in ocular aberrations after small incision lenticule extraction in patients with varying degrees of myopia. In patients with low myopia, there was no increase in

JOURNAL/corne/04.03/00003226-201708000-00012/inline-formula12/v/2023-09-12T091417Z/r/image-tiff

or

JOURNAL/corne/04.03/00003226-201708000-00012/inline-formula13/v/2023-09-12T091417Z/r/image-tiff

. In high myopia, however,

JOURNAL/corne/04.03/00003226-201708000-00012/inline-formula14/v/2023-09-12T091417Z/r/image-tiff

increased with the degree of myopia, whereas the rising rate of coma was slowing.
Psychometric Validation of the Mandarin Version Control Attitudes Scale-Revised Questionnaire in Taiwanese Patients With Heart Failure
Authors: Huang Tsuey-Yuan , Hwang Shiow-Li
Published: June 2017

Background:

Perceived control is an important construct in patients with heart failure (HF) and related to improved health outcomes. There is no reliable and valid instrument available for the measurement of perceived control in Taiwan, limiting the practical application of the construct in research and clinical practice.

Purpose:

The aim of this study was to translate, culturally adapt, and validate the Mandarin version of the Control Attitudes Scale-Revised (Mandarin CAS-R) in Taiwanese patients with HF.

Methods:

The Mandarin CAS-R was developed using a translation/back-translation process and semantic equivalence; importantly, conceptual equivalence was also examined. Reliability was assessed using Cronbach’s α to determine internal consistency, and item homogeneity was assessed using item-total and interitem correlations. Construct validity was examined using exploratory factor analysis and hypothesis testing for known associations.

Results:

Three hundred forty-eight patients with HF were included, and 5-item Mandarin CAS-R was validated in the study. The model performance was acceptable with all factor loadings greater than 0.70, a variance explained of 55.2%, and a Cronbach’s α of .79. The 5-item Mandarin CAS-R was associated with higher levels of self-care maintenance (β = 0.395, P < .001), management (β = 0.219, P < .01), and confidence (β = 0.524, P < .001); perceived social support (β = 0.246, P < .001); and depression (β = −0.125, P < .05).

Conclusions:

This study provided evidence of the reliability and validity of the 5-item Mandarin CAS-R as a measure of perceived control in Taiwanese patients with HF.
Proton pump inhibitor and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor therapy for the management of noncardiac chest pain
Authors: Viazis Nikos , Katopodi Konstantina , Karamanolis George , Denaxas Konstantinos , Varytimiadis Lazaros , Galanopoulos Michail , Tsoukali Emmanouela , Kamberoglou Dimitirs , Christidou Angeliki , Karamanolis Dimitrios G. , Papatheodoridis George , Mantzaris Gerasimos J.
Published: June 2017

Introduction

Although gastroesophageal reflux disease is the main cause of noncardiac chest pain (NCCP), proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) benefit a minority of patients. Our prospective study evaluated the effect of PPI and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors on the different subtypes of NCCP characterized by impedance-pH monitoring.

Methods

All NCCP patients underwent impedance-pH monitoring and on the basis of the results, those with abnormal distal esophageal acid exposure received PPIs twice daily (group A), those with a positive symptom index for chest pain received citalopram 20 mg and PPI once daily (group B), and those with a negative symptom index for chest pain received citalopram 20 mg once daily (group C). Therapy was administered for 12 weeks and treatment success was defined as complete disappearance of chest pain.

Results

From March 2015 to March 2016, 63 patients were included (group A=9, group B=18, group C=36). After 12 weeks of therapy, complete resolution of chest pain was noted in 8/9 (88.9%) group A, 13/18 (72.2%) group B, and 24/36 (66.7%) group C patients.

Conclusion

Combined impedance-pH monitoring identifies different subtypes of NCCP patients who can receive tailored management. Targeted therapy with PPIs and/or citalopram offers complete symptom relief in the great majority of them.
Predicting short-term and long-term mortality of hospitalized Portuguese patients with alcoholic hepatitis
Authors: Fernandes Samuel R. , Marques da Costa Pedro , Vítor Sofia , Carvalho Joana R. , Santos Patrícia , Moura Carlos M. , Cortez-Pinto Helena , Ramalho Fernando , Velosa José
Published: June 2017

Background

Alcohol abuse can result in a spectrum of liver injury that ranges from mild fatty infiltration to alcoholic hepatitis (AH), cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. The present study aimed to evaluate current scoring systems in predicting short-term and long-term mortality because of AH.

Patients and methods

Records of 170 consecutive patients with AH admitted to a tertiary center between January 2005 and October 2015 were reviewed. Clinical and biochemical parameters were retrieved for the assessment of AH scores for the day of admission (D1) and for the seventh day of hospitalization (D7). Endpoints included admission to the ICU, and 30-day, 90-day, and 1-year mortality.

Results

The Maddrey discriminant function and the Model of End-Stage Liver Disease (MELD) were modest predictors of the need for ICU admission. In-hospital, 30-day, 90-day, and 1-year mortality were 15.9, 18.2, 21.8, and 30.0%, respectively. There was a numerical, albeit nonsignificant, trend for higher accuracy using D7 scores, especially the MELD, in predicting 30-day and 1-year mortality. Overall, all scores showed high negative predictive values (30 day: 91.2–98.7% and 1 year: 78.8–93.7%), but modest positive predictive values (30 day: 30.6–70.8% and 1 year: 42.1–61.2%). Survival rates were the highest among patients showing a decrease in the MELD, Glasgow Alcoholic Hepatitis Score, and Age, serum Bilirubin, International normalized ratio, and serum Creatinine score over the first week of admission.

Discussion

AH scores were comparable in identifying patients at low risk of mortality up to 1 year following admission. Reassessment of the MELD, Glasgow Alcoholic Hepatitis Score, and Age, serum Bilirubin, International normalized ratio, and serum Creatinine score scores after 1 week further improved mortality prediction.