bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pharmacological screening of Eryngium foetidum Linn – A Review
Authors: Hemachandra Galamula Hewage Tharuka Kanchana , Thuvaragan Sinnadurai , Sanmugarajah Vinotha
Published: December 2021

Eryngium foetidum L. (Family Apiaceae) is a biennial herb, and it is used as a culinary herb and spice across the different countries of the world, including Sri Lanka, India, Bangladesh, Malaysia, Singapore, etc. due to its high aroma quality. Also, it is used to treat several ailments, such as respiratory diseases, gastrointestinal ailments, and skin diseases among different indigenous populations for its medicinal properties. Based on ethnomedical evidence, many studies have been conducted to identify the phytoconstituents, underlying mechanisms, and related pharmacological effects of different parts of this plant. This study reviewed the current state of findings related to the Pharmacological activities of E. foetidum. Based on this review, this plant is widely used for ethnomedical and culinary purposes. Pharmacological screening of the plant revealed that it had different activities such as anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antimicrobial, anthelminthic, anticonvulsant, anticancer, antidiabetic, antimalarial, larvicidal, and hepatoprotective activities. This review further promised that potential new chemical entities could be elicited from the phytoconstituents of E. foetidum.
Correlation Analysis of Antioxidant Activities with Tannin, Total Flavonoid, and Total Phenolic Contents of Nutmeg (Myristica fragrans Houtt) Fruit Precipitated by Egg white
Authors: Antasionasti Irma , Datu Olvie Syenni , Lestari Utami Sasmita , Abdullah Surya Sumantri , Jayanto Imam
Published: December 2021

The nutmeg (Myristica fragrans) flesh extract has a strong antioxidant activity. Therefore, M. fragrans flesh can be developed for functional drinks which are sources rich in antioxidants good for the prevention and treatment of diseases such as cancer and cardiovascular diseases. However, the tannins' content can cause a bitter and sour taste. Therefore, the tannins content should be reduced by the addition of egg white. The purpose of this study is to find out the comparison of antioxidant activity between a combination of M. fragrans flesh extract with various concentrations of egg white and to correlate its antioxidant activities with tannin, total flavonoid, and total phenolic contents. The antioxidant activities were conducted on M. fragrans flesh extract by using DPPH and ABTS radicals. Tannin, total flavonoid, and total phenolic contents from M. fragrans flesh extract were also tested. The M. fragrans flesh extracts without addition egg white have a strong antioxidant in scavenging the stable free radical ABTS (89.980±0.480 µg/mL) and intermediate antioxidant in scavenging the stable free radical DPPH (105.669±0.102 µg/mL). It is followed accordingly by tannin, total flavonoid, and total phenolic contents, namely 14.034±0.100 %w/w TAE, 26.929±0.129 %w/w QE, and 53.164±0.129 %w/w GAE, respectively. Correlation of tannin, total flavonoid, and total phenolic contents, which inhibited DPPH and ABTS radicals had R2 values of about 89.23-97.63%. It showed that antioxidant activity is strongly influenced by the tannin, total flavonoid, and total phenolic contents. Therefore, precipitation from the tannin-protein bond caused antioxidant activities were decreased.
Microbes, Clinical trials, Drug Discovery, and Vaccine Development: The Current Perspectives
Authors: Kandi Venkataramana , Suvvari Tarun Kumar , Vadakedath Sabitha , Godishala Vikram
Published: December 2021

Because of the frequent emergence of novel microbial species and the re-emergence of genetic variants of hitherto known microbes, the global healthcare system, and human health has been thrown into jeopardy. Also, certain microbes that possess the ability to develop multi-drug resistance (MDR) have limited the treatment options in cases of serious infections, and increased hospital and treatment costs, and associated morbidity and mortality. The recent discovery of the novel Coronavirus (n-CoV), the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome CoV-2 (SARS-CoV-2) that is causing the CoV Disease-19 (COVID-19) has resulted in severe morbidity and mortality throughout the world affecting normal human lives. The major concern with the current pandemic is the non-availability of specific drugs and an incomplete understanding of the pathobiology of the virus. It is therefore important for pharmaceutical establishments to envisage the discovery of therapeutic interventions and potential vaccines against the novel and MDR microbes. Therefore, this review is attempted to update and explore the current perspectives in microbes, clinical research, drug discovery, and vaccine development to effectively combat the emerging novel and re-emerging genetic variants of microbes.
Cover, Content, and Editorial Note from Borneo J Pharm Vol. 4 No. 4 November 2021
Authors: Borneo J Pharm Chief Editor Of
Published: December 2021

Assalamu’alaikum Wr. Wb.

Alhamdulillahirabbil ‘alamin. The next edition of Borneo Journal of Pharmacy (Borneo J Pharm), has been published at November 2021. Starting from this volume, Borneo J Pharm increases the frequency of publishing four times a year. This change aims to improve circulation of the best articles published by Borneo J Pharm.

This edition contains ten articles consisting of Pharmacognosy-Phytochemistry, Analytical Pharmacy-Medicinal Chemistry, Microbiology Pharmacy, Natural Product Development, and Clinical-Community Pharmacy. This edition includes writings from six countries including India, Indonesia, Nigeria, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, and Turkey. The authors come from several institutions, including the University of Jaffna, Shri Gopichand College of Pharmacy, Government College University Faisalabad, Galgotias University, University of Delhi, Universitas Lambung Mangkurat, Universitas Sembilanbelas November Kolaka, Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology, Ege Üniversitesi, Universitas Sam Ratulangi, Prathima Institute of Medical Sciences, Dr. NTR University of Health Sciences, Ganapathy Degree College, National Agency of Drug and Food Control of Republic of Indonesia, National Agency of Drug and Food Control of Republic of Indonesia in Gorontalo, National Institute for Pharmaceutical Research and Development, Universitas Jenderal Achmad Yani, and Ibrahim Adjie Health Center.

Editorial boards are fully aware that there are still room for improvement in this edition, hence with all humility willing to accept constructive suggestions and feedback for improvements to the publication for the next editions. We hope that all parties, especially the contributors, could re-participate for the publication in the next edition on February 2022.

Wassalamu’alaikum Wr. Wb.
THE EXPRESSION OF THE MAIN AND ALTERNATIVE TRANSCRIPT (SORL1-Δ2) OF THE SORL1 GENE IN CHRONIC LYMPHOCYTIC LEUKEMIA PATIENTS AFFECTED BY THE CHORNOBYL ACCIDENT
Authors:   State Institution «National Research Center for Radiation Medicine of the National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine», 53 Yuriia Illienka Str., Kyiv, 04050, Ukraine, Abramenko I. , Bilous N. ,   State Institution «National Research Center for Radiation Medicine of the National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine», 53 Yuriia Illienka Str., Kyiv, 04050, Ukraine, Chumak A. ,   State Institution «National Research Center for Radiation Medicine of the National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine», 53 Yuriia Illienka Str., Kyiv, 04050, Ukraine, Diagil I. ,   State Institution «National Research Center for Radiation Medicine of the National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine», 53 Yuriia Illienka Str., Kyiv, 04050, Ukraine, Martina Z. ,   State Institution «National Research Center for Radiation Medicine of the National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine», 53 Yuriia Illienka Str., Kyiv, 04050, Ukraine
Published: December 2021

Objective: to study clinical-hematological data and expression of the main and alternative transcripts of SORL1 gene in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) patients affected by the Chornobyl catastrophe. Methods. Analysis was performed in the main group of 34 CLL patients irradiated due to the Chornobyl NPP accident (30 clean-up workers, and 4 evacuees) and in the control group of 27 non-irradiated CLL patients. Groups of patients were comparable by age, sex, stage of disease, mutational status of IGHV genes. Expression of the main and alternative transcripts of SORL1 gene was evaluated by Quantitative Real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The IGHV gene mutational status, TP53 and SF3B1 mutations were studied by PCR followed by direct sequencing. Data were analyzed with the SPSS software package, version 20.0. Results. Relative expression level of the main transcript of SORL1 gene was low (mean 1.71 ± 0.55, median 0.57), did not correlate with the IGHV gene mutational status, TP53 and SF3B1 mutations, stage of disease. The expression of B transcript was not detected, F transcript was expressed at a very low level in 9 patients. The average relative expression level of SORL1-Δ2 transcript was 14.1 ± 6.04 (median 3.48; range 0.01–90.51). The expression of SORL1-Δ2 transcript above the median was more frequent among patients on C stage (p = 0.001), and in patients with unmutated IGHV genes was associated with an extremely negative course of CLL (median of overall survival 9 months vs 61 months at low expression). Relative expression levels of the main and alternative transcripts of SORL1 gene in patients of the main and the control groups did not differ. Conclusions. Our preliminary data suggest that increased expression of SORL1-Δ2 transcript in CLL patients with unmutated IGHV genes can be considered as a negative prognostic marker. Key words: chronic lymphocytic leukemia, SORL1, SORL1-Δ2, Chornobyl NPP accident.
TEKNIK GREEN SCREEN DALAM PENGEMBANGAN VIDEO PEMBELAJARAN PRAKTIKUM KEILMUAN SENI RUPA DAN DESAIN DI ERA PANDEMI COVID-19
Authors: Ardianto Deny Tri , IlIsma Anugrah Irfan , Wicaksono Arif Ranu , Mataram Sayid , Herlambang Rudy Wicaksono
Published: December 2021

Revolusi industri 4.0 membawa perubahan pada bidang teknologi informasi. Manusia yang semakin akrab dengan teknologi menghasilkan kebudayaan digital. Perkembangan tersebut berdampak pada kemunculan era disrupsi yang memerlukan sikap adaptif untuk mengikutinya. Pandemi Covid 19 yang memiliki efek secara global, menyebabkan lebih banyak tuntutan untuk beradaptasi karena terjadi beragam perubahan pola dalam kehidupan. Salah satu tuntutan tersebut terjadi dalam dunia pendidikan yang memiliki kendala dalam berkomunikasi antara pendidik dan peserta didik. Hal ini memunculkan permasalahan mengenai bagaimana pendidik menyikapi fenomena online learning dalam mengembangkan media ajar berbasis video. Sebagai alternatif solusi dari permasalahan tersebut, yaitu dengan menciptakan media ajar video menggunakan teknik green screen yang diunggah melalui kanal-kanal video.
EKSPLORASI LIMBAH PLASTIK DALAM KARYA SENI RUPA
Authors: Syamsiar Syamsiar -
Published: December 2021

Art creation: Exploration of Plastic Waste in Fine Art is an experiment in utilizing plastic waste around the author into an aesthetic 2-dimensional work of art as an effort to reduce waste on earth, and at the same time enriching the treasures of art in Indonesia, especially and the world in general. Plastic waste can unknowingly threaten the survival of the human environment. Plastic cannot be destroyed through natural processes and lasts a very long time in nature. It takes 500-1000 years for plastic to degrade, but it will still leave microplastic particles that are harmful to living things. Creating works of art is one of the efforts of the author as an artist to take care of reducing plastic waste. The concept of the work in this creation is a spooky facial expression that conveys a message to the audience that plastic waste is dangerous for the future of living things. To achieve the goal of creation, it is done by using the method of material experimentation and exploration of the form of the work of creation. The materials used are various kinds of plastic waste which are cleaned, sorted by color and then pressed using an electric iron on the prepared medium. Through this method, several works of spooky facial expressions were obtained. Abstrak               Penciptaan karya seni: Eksplorasi Limbah Plastik dalam Karya Seni Rupa adalah sebuah eksperimen dalam memanfaatkan limbah plastik yang ada di sekitar penulis menjadi sebuah karya seni 2 dimensi yang estetis sebagai upaya dalam mengurangi limbah sampah di bumi, dan sekaligus dapat memperkaya khasanah kesenirupaan di tanah air khususnya dan dunia umumnya. Limbah plastik tanpa disadari dapat mengancam kelangsungan lingkungan kehidupan manusia. Plastik tidak dapat hancur lewat proses alami dan bertahan sangat lama di alam. Dibutuhkan 500-1000 tahun bagi plastik agar tergradasi, tapi tetap saja akan menyisakan partikel mikroplastik yang berbahaya bagi makhluk hidup. Menciptakan karya seni adalah salah satu upaya penulis sebagai perupa untuk ikut peduli mengurangi limbah plastik. Konsep karya dalam penciptaan ini adalah ekspresi wajah seram yang membawa pesan kepada audiens bahwa limbah plastik berbahaya bagi masa depan makhluk hidup. Untuk mencapai tujuan penciptaan dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode ekspremen bahan dan eksplorasi bentuk ciptaan karya. Bahan yang digunakan adalah berbagai macam limbah plastik yang dibersihkan, dipilah warnanya kemudian dipress menggunakan setrika listrik pada medium yang telah disiapkan. Melalui metode ini kemudian didapatkan beberapa karya ekspresi wajah seram.
Classification Problems of the Azerbaijani Dialects
Authors: ALİYEVA Nuray
Published: December 2021

The article investigates the classification of Azerbaijani dialects. It shows that the study of the Azerbaijani dialects began in the 19th century. However, this work has become more widespread since the beginning of the 20th century. The prominent commentator of the classification, founded by F. Kocharli, B. Chobanzadeh, gave an outstanding speech by M. Shiraliyev. For the first time, he has grouped dialects and accents of the Azerbaijani with phonetic, morphological, lexical, and syntactic features, according to historical and geographical principles. The Shiraliyev’s classification has been widely used in Azerbaijani linguistics for many years. Further development of the field of dialectology and extensive dialectological researches made it necessary to revise M. Shiraliyev's classification. After the 1980s, this issue became more relevant, and linguists like G. Dorfer, E. Azizov, B.Rasuloglu, L. Johanson, J. Heyet, and M. Mammadli conducted classification of the living Azerbaijani dialects in the North and the South have made valuable comments. Studies show that Azerbaijani dialects can be grouped into three main groups by their common characteristics: the North-east dialect; western dialect; southern dialect. These groups also include the voices of Azerbaijanis living outside of the Republic of Azerbaijan - Iran, Iraq, and Georgia. In addition, there are transitional and mixed accents in which some features of the two dialects show themselves.
Uzbekistan’s Transformation with the New Uzbek Strategy: Shifting Policies towards Mediation of Labor Migration through Migration Infrastructure
Authors: ERDOĞAN Zahide
Published: December 2021

Because of the post-independence economic problems in Central Asian countries, Russia became the center of immigration, but as time passed, immigration shifted to Kazakhstan and Turkey. Uzbekistan is the most populous Central Asian country and the one that benefits the most from worker remittances. The New Uzbek Strategy, announced after Mirziyoyev's election in 2016, is transforming economy and society of the country. This paper aims to examine migration infrastructure through the New Uzbek Strategy as the way of protecting citizens abroad. It is critical to protect the rights of migrant workers in the destination countries to keep them from facing marginalization, exclusion, and poverty. Migration infrastructure is made up of regulatory, commercial, technological, humanitarian, and social elements. In this framework, the new Ministry of Labor structure, bilateral agreements, labor market regulation, allowing private recruitment companies, railway projects, development of cooperation with international organizations, and migrant networks all indicate the development of migration infrastructure components. In addition to economic liberalization, good neighborhood relations and foreign policy are important to develop migration infrastructure and institutionalization of migration. As a result, it is expected that the migration infrastructure development will increase migration, diversify of the countries and be beneficial to economic growth and transformation the country. Although these studies are still in their early stages, it has been concluded that significant steps have been taken in the infrastructure development, and the safe and regular migration will increase migration to the new destination countries in the future .
The Metaphysical Quality that gives a Visual Identity Mark its Sway.
Authors: Hill Jacqueline
Published: December 2021

Addressing a specific aspect of visual communication, the focus of this paper is to examine the connection between elemental nature-inspired archetypal symbols and contemporary Visual Identity Marks, for example the archetypal Solar Cross to the BP VIM, Helios, by establishing the existence of a contextual relevance and relationship. It furthermore analyses the fundamental influence of these archetypal symbols upon the viewer/user (internal and external audiences), no matter what level of sophistication the viewer’s/user’s society has achieved. To build an appreciation of the continuity and effectiveness of the use of elemental nature-inspired archetypal symbols within a contemporary context, areas of expertise not traditionally utilised within visual communication, such as sociology, archaeology, theology and folklore were engaged. While being defined as “a recurrent symbol or motif in literature, art or mythology” (Random House Dictionary, 2012), an archetypal symbol also possesses a metaphysical quality. This metaphysical quality enables the symbol to act as a galvanising and motivating force, which re-enforces individual and group identity, and ultimately transmit a sense of the sacred and the institutional within a mutable world. The archetypal (natural) symbol is the response of the psyche reflecting the ‘internal truth’. The VIM (cultural) symbol is a vehicle to maintain power for financial or political profits as well as sustain group coherency, and individual identity. Encoded within both a ‘natural’, and a ‘cultural’ symbol, is a deep spiritual quality tapping into a deeper symbolic language which evolved from humanity relating back to nature. Drawing upon notions of individual interpretation, the paper analyses the very idea of personal and/or subjective mental constructs related to visual identity marks.
Revisiting the Theory-Constitutive Metaphor
Authors: Sørensen Bent , Thellefsen Torkild , Dewi Amalia
Published: December 2021

In his seminal article “Metaphor and Theory Change: What is `Metaphor ́ a metaphor for?” (1993, [1979]), Richard Boyd describes a certain class of metaphors within science, namely, the theory-constitutive metaphors (henceforth the TCMs); this class of metaphors, Boyd explains, plays an important role in the formulation and development of theories because they express explanatory claims which, at least for the time being, cannot be conceived in any other known (literal) way. Hence, TCMs become a part of scientific thought and the development of concepts. TCMs can fix reference to casual relations in the physical world, even though they have an open-endedness (vagueness and are not fully explicated); the TCMs, therefore, have a programmatic character or they invite further research. In the following we try to add more characteristics to the TCMs from a Peircean perspective, namely, that the TCMs depend on abduction – this 1) makes them both creative and explanatory, 2) relates them to guessing and anchors them in instinct, whereby 3) their plausibility concerns an affinity between mind and nature.
Identity Today and the Critical Task of Semioethics
Authors:   University of Bari Italy, Petrilli Susan
Published: December 2021

The critical task of semioethics implies recognition of the common condition of dialogical interrelation and the capacity for listening, where dialogue does not imply a relation we choose to concede thanks to a sense of generosity towards the other, but on the contrary is no less than structural to life itself, a necessary condition for life to flourish, an inevitable imposition. With specific reference to anthroposemiosis, semioethics focuses on the concrete singularity of the human individual and the inevitability of intercorporeal interconnection with others. The singularity, uniqueness of each one of us implies otherness and dialogism. Semioethics assumes that whatever the object of study and however specialized the analysis, human individuals in their concrete singularity cannot ignore the inevitable condition of involvement in the destiny of others, that is, involvement without alibis. From this point of view, the symptoms studied from a semioethical perspective are not only specified in their singularity, on the basis of a unique relationship with the other, the world, self, but are above all social symptoms. Any idea, wish, sentiment, value, interest, need, evil or good examined by semioethics as a symptom is expressed in the word, the unique word, the embodied word, in the voice which arises in the dialectic and dialogical interrelation between singularity and sociality.
On the Relation between Memory and Language from a Cultural-historical Perspective in Neurolinguistics
Authors:   State University of Campinas Brazil, Oliveira Marcus , Pinto Rosana ,   State University of Campinas Brazil
Published: December 2021

Abstract: In this essay, we reflect about the relationship between memory and language, conceiving both as complex functional systems, developed along the human history and strongly influenced by culture. We give special emphasis to the mediating role of signs, mainly based on the (neuro)psychological principles postulated by Vygotsky and Luria, but also in dialogue with several authors from the fields of Linguistics, Philosophy of Language and Semiotics, among which Mikhail Bakhtin, Aleida Assmann, Augusto Ponzio and Susan Petrilli. Two data are presented in order to contribute to our reflection – the first is extracted of a dialogical episode with a subject diagnosed with Alzheimer’s disease and the second episode with an aphasic individual. In sum, we argue that the cultural-historical approach may provide a better understanding of the interdependent and constitutive nature of the relationship between language and memory. Key-words: Memory, Language, Historical-Cultural perspective, Neurolinguistics, Semiotics
Energy Efficiency and Econometric Analysis of Organic Kiwifruit (Actinidia Deliciosa A. Chev.) Production
Authors: Sharma Sunny , Rana Vishal Singh
Published: December 2021

The energy exchange ratio of cultivation and different parameter values of input affecting the organic production of kiwifruit in the mid-hill Himalayan region of India during 2017 and 2018 was determined. The experimental trial was divided into 7 organic treatment i.e. T1 to T3 was sole application on equivalence 100 per cent Dairy manure (DM), Vermicompost (VC) and Poultry manure, T4 to T7 was a compound application of 50: 50 DM: PM, DM: VC and VC: PM and T7 in which DM = PM = VC applied on N equivalence. Five foliar sprays of organic formulation were applied in each of the treatment. The Energy efficiency and econometric analysis of organic kiwifruit production were examined. The highest energy inputs unit per hectare was utilized by T1 out of which over 86 per cent were from organic manure inputs and provided 26401.02 MJ/ha. The highest yield per hectare, as well as the output energy were observed in the treatment T5. Whereas the highest energy ratio, energy productivity, and specific energy were recorded under T2. Likewise, the highest productivity ratio and benefit-cost ratio were recorded under T7 which was followed by T2. From a farming point of view, the T2 gave the superior result because it has provided optimum amount output along with maximum returns.
Bangladesh J. Bot. 50(4): 1051-1057, 2021 (December)
Morphological and Biochemical Responses Associated With Resistance to Earias Vittella Fab. (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) In Okra Varieties
Authors: Kumar Ram , Sing PP , Ahmad Md Abbas
Published: December 2021

Response of morphological and biochemical traits against okra shoot and fruit borer in different okra varieties were studied. Among the fifteen okra varieties under test Kashi Satdhari was the most superior variety as it showed lowest (2.60) per cent shoot damage followed by D-1-87-5 (3.62%) and Pusa A-4 (4.24%). On the contrary, in Pusa Sawani highest level of shoot infestation (16.23%) followed by SB-2 (13.74%) as against Kashi Pragati (check) 10.08 per cent were recorded. Further, okra variety Kashi Satdhari (7.87%) showed lowest fruit infestation and was considered as least susceptible variety which was at par with NO-136 (8.77%), D-1-87-5 (9.12%) and Kashi Leela (9.38%). Amongst all the okra varieties evaluated for their susceptibility to fruit infestation, Pusa Sawani and VRO-03 showed relatively higher fruit infestation i.e. 35.17 and 33.41 per cent, respectively and registered as the most inferior varieties against (26.12%) Kashi Pragati (check). The correlation study between fruit infestation and morphological factors implied that primary branching and trichome length adversely affect the borer infestation. Further, phenol and phosphorus availability in host plant also showed negative effect on shoot and fruit borer infestation.
Bangladesh J. Bot. 50(4): 1059-1066, 2021 (December)
Spatiotemporal Variation of Drought and Its Correlation With Plant Species of Yunnan Province, China
Authors: Xu Xinhui , Zhou Xingyu , Liu Zhenqiang , Zhao Xiaoqing
Published: December 2021

Drought is the main natural disaster in Yunnan Province, China. In the present paper monthly precipitation observation data from Yunnan Province durign the period of 1966 - 2015 were used. From the data, the selected percentage of precipitation anomalies was used as drought index. By applying the ArcGIS inverse distance interpolation method and Mann Kendall non parametric trend test method the spatiotemporal variation characteristics of drought in Yunnan province were analyzed. Results show that the drought in Yunnan Province has a slightly upward trend. In spring and winter, there is a tendency to become wet but in summer and autumn, the tendency is shown by dry condition. It was observed that the studied area is prone to a severe drought in winter, and there will be more droughts in the east part, the northwest part, and the southwest part of Yunnan province when it is autumn. In other periods, severe doughts usually attack the middle part of Yunnan province, which can be proved by the characteristics of vegetation distribution.
Bangladesh J. Bot. 50(4): 1133-1142, 2021 (December)
Sequential Sterilization of Banana (Musa Spp.) Sucker Tip Reducing Microbial Contamination With Highest Establishment Percentage
Authors: Kapadia Chintan , Patel Nidhi
Published: December 2021

Sterilization procedure was standardized for grand naine cultivar of banana using various sterilants in combinations and alone. The observations were recorded regularly with respect to presence of fungal, bacteria as well as percentages of culture establishment. Results indicated that a treatment combination No. 3 [Lactic acid (0.15 %) + Tween-20 (0.1 %) + 0.8 % Commercial bleach (30 Min.) followed by Sodium chlorite (0.3 %) (20 min)] gave the highest percentage of aseptic culture establishment in vitro condition. The present study also showed that, single step aseptic inoculation was unable to control endophytic contaminants while sequential treatments were good enough to reduce microbial load as well as increase culture survival.
Bangladesh J. Bot. 50(4): 1151-1158, 2021 (December)
Effects of Foliar Applications of Some Macro and Micro Nutrients on Yield, Quality Attributes of Guava (Psidium Guajava L.)
Authors: Saini Hemant , Godara Rajender Kumar , Saini Poonam , Vijay - , Sourabh -
Published: December 2021

Effects of foliar applied macro (NPK) and micro nutrients (Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu and B) at different time on yield, quality and benefit: cost ratio of rainy and winter season guava were evaluated in north western Haryana, India. The two season’s data depicted that physico- chemical characters with respect to fruit set, fruit retention, fruit size, average fruit weight and yield were significantly increased with foliar application of macro and micro nutrients at vegetative, flowering and fruiting stage (T7). The shoot C: N ratio was also found highest with T7 foliar treatment which was followed by T5 in both the seasons. The T7 foliar spray resulted in maximum benefit: cost ratio in both the seasons. Proper fertilization strategies can help fruit growers to get good yield and quality fruits.
Bangladesh J. Bot. 50(4): 1159-1164, 2021 (December)
Effects of Salt Stress on Absorption And Distribution of Osmotic Ions in Wheat Seedlings
Authors: Guo Weiwei , Han Xiaofan , Zhang Yumei , Shi Changhai , Zhang Hongsheng , Lin Qi , Liu Yiguo
Published: December 2021

Effects of salt stress on absorption and distribution of osmotic ions in wheat seedlings were studied with 4 winter wheat varieties under NaCl stress by exploring dynamic changes of Ca2+, K+, Na+, Ca2+/Na+, K+/Na+ and Na+ limiting ability. The results showed that the contents of K+, Ca2+ and the K+/Na+ ratio gradually decreased in a manner of both salt concentration dependent and stress time dependent. The extent of reduction of K+ and Ca2+ in root was much more severe than that in shoot. The ability of Na+ limiting in QM6 and DK961 was stronger than that in JM22 and QF1. These results indicate that the maintenance of higher Na+ content in root, Na+ limiting ability, Ca2+ and K+ concentration will be the main physiological traits for the salt-tolerance of wheat.
Bangladesh J. Bot. 50(4): 1209-1214, 2021 (December)
İslam Düşüncesinde Siyaset, Fıkıh ve Cemaat: İbn Teymiye Dönemi Yazar: Ovamir Anjum, Ammar Kılıç (çev.), (İstanbul: Pınar Yayınları, 2021, 400 sayfa.)
Authors: KIYICI Hakan
Published: December 2021

Ovamir Anjum'un 2021 yılında Türkçe'ye çevrilen 'İslam Düşüncesinde Siyaset, Fıkıh ve Cemaat: İbn Teymiyye' isimli eseri, günümüz İslam dünyasında yaşanan Fıkhın siyasallaşması tartışmalarını ele almaktadır. Bu kapsamda Ibn Teymiyye'nin fıtrat teorisinin günümüz yöneticileri, din adamları ve toplum için nasıl yorumlanması gerektiği incelenmektedir.
İcrai Olmayan İşlem Türlerinden Yol Gösterici İşlemin Hukuki Değeri
Authors: DİNÇKOL Hulusi Alphan
Published: December 2021

İdare, idari faaliyetlerin yürütülmesi bakımından birçok işlem ve eylem icra etmektedir. Ancak bazı işlemler doğrudan kişi ya da eşyalar üzerinde etki yaratmayabilir. İcrai olmayan idari işlemler olarak adlandırılan bu işlemlerden birisi de, yol gösterici işlemdir. Toplumu ve ilgili idareleri aydınlatma, bu bağlamda idari faaliyetlerin yapılabilmesi noktasında belirleyici olması ve idarenin iç işleyişi bakımından etki üretmesi amacıyla tesis edilen yol gösterici işlemler, kimi zaman sorulan bir soru üzerine, kimi zaman ise resen tesis edilebilirler. Yol gösterici işlemler, belirli bir hususta işlemi tesis eden idarenin görüş ve fikrini ortaya koyarlar. Her ne kadar ilgililer ya da idareler üzerinde dolaylı bir etki yaratsa da bu işlemlerin doğrudan icrai bir niteliği bulunmaz. İcrai etkilerinin ortaya çıkabilmesi için bir idari işleme ihtiyaç duyarlar. Yol gösterici işlem türünün alt türlerinin ise ağırlıklı olarak doktrindeki görüşler doğrultusunda şekillendiği gözlenmektedir. Özellikle tanımlama bakımından çeşitli yönler doktrinde ele alınmıştır. İdari yargı kararları ise, türün tespitini yaparken, daha çok icrailik konusu üzerinde durmuştur. 2577 sayılı İdari Yargılama Usulü Kanunu’nun ilk inceleme hükümlerince dava şartı olarak işlemin icrailiği üzerinde durulması, yargının uygulaması bakımından bağlayıcı bir durum ortaya çıkarmıştır. Ancak yargı kararlarında icrai olmayan işlemlerin alt gruplarına değinilmese de, alt grupların tespit edilmesi önem arz etmektedir. İlgililer, kendileri hakkında tesis edilen yol gösterici işlemlerden doğrudan etkilenmeseler de, dolaylı yoldan etkilenebilirler. Bu nedenle kendileri hakkında uygulanacak icrai işlemlerin gerekçesi olacak yol gösterici işlemler ile ilgili inceleme yapılmasını talep hakları, hukuk devleti ilkesi gereğince bulunacaktır.
Merkeziyetsiz Finans (Defi) Faaliyetlerinin İzinsiz Bankacılık Faaliyetinde Bulunma Suçu Bakımından Değerlendirilmesi
Authors: MERAKLI Serkan
Published: December 2021

Merkeziyetsiz finans alanı son yıllarda oldukça hızlı bir şekilde gelişmekte olup klasik finans araçlarına alternatif teşkil etme iddiası ile finans alanında oldukça köklü bir değişimin eşiğinde olduğumuz kanaatini uyandırmaktadır. Bu denli önemli bir değişimin eşiğindeyken merkeziyetsiz finans kavramının hukuki açıdan ne anlam ifade ettiğinin; merkeziyetsiz finans araçlarının neler olduğunun ortaya konulması ve bunların hukuki açıdan değerlendirilmesi önem taşımaktadır. Öte yandan henüz merkeziyetsiz finans araçları ile ilgili detaylı bir hukuki düzenleme bulunmamasına rağmen bu faaliyetlerin Bankacılık Kanunu’ndaki yetkisiz bankacılık suçu bakımından değerlendirilmesi özellikle kanunilik ilkesi bakımından büyük bir öneme sahiptir. Bu değerlendirme merkeziyetli finans ile merkeziyetsiz finans araçlarının niteliklerinin daha iyi anlaşılmasına katkı sunabilir.
İnternet Alan Adı (Domain) Uyuşmazlıklarının Çözümünde Alternatif Yöntemler: UDRP, URS ve TRABİS Karşılaştırması
Authors: KAYA Mehmet Bedii
Published: December 2021

Alan adları (domain names), internet ortamında yer alan bir içeriğe pratik olarak konumlandırmak amacıyla kullanılan kısa yollardır. Alan adları, belge değişimi veya fiziksel temasın kısıtlı olduğu, kimlik teyidinin olmadığı otomatikleştirilmiş bir süreçle gerçekleştirilmektedir. İnternetin ticari amaçla kullanımının öne çıkmasıyla birlikte alan adlarının maddi değeri artmıştır. Bunun bir neticesi olarak, başkalarına ait markalarla aynı veya benzer nitelikteki alan adlarını yüksek bir meblağ karşılığında satmak, marka sahibinin alan adını kullanmasını engellemek, alan adının esasen ticari rakiplerin işlerine ya da faaliyetlerine zarar vermek, alan adıyla karışıklık meydana getirmek suretiyle başka siteye yönlendirilmek gibi kötü niyetli davranışları içeren cybersquatting olarak da adlandırılan yeni bir haksız fiil türü ortaya çıkmıştır. İnternet ortamında markadan kaynaklanan hakların etkin korunması için ICANN tarafından iki uyuşmazlık çözüm mekanizması geliştirilmiştir: Uniform Domain Name Dispute Resoultion Policy (UDRP) ile Uniform Rapid Suspension (URS). Ayrıca, ülke kodlu üst düzey alan adları için farklı ülkeler kendi özel uyuşmazlık çözüm usûllerini devreye almıştır. Örneğin, Türkiye TR üst düzey alan adı için TRABİS isimli müstakil bir uyuşmazlık çözüm usûlü geliştirmiştir. Bu çalışmada, UDRP ve URS usûlleri etraflıca incelenecektir. UDRP ve URS incelemesinden sonra ise TR üst düzey alan adları için uygulamaya alınacak olan TRABİS usûlü incelenecektir. Çalışmanın amacı TR alan adlarına ilişkin getirilen uyuşmazlık çözüm mekanizmasının uluslararası kurallarla ne kadar benzeştiği ve ne oranda farklılaştığını ortaya koymaktadır.
Substitusi Tepung Ubi Jalar Ungu dan Tepung Tempe pada Bolu Cukke Merupakan Alternatif PMT untuk Ibu Hamil dan Balita
Authors: Manjilala Manjilala , Mustamin Mustamin
Published: December 2021

Supplementary food, especially for vulnerable groups such as pregnant women and toddlers, is one strategy in dealing with nutritional problems, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic. The aim of the study was to determine the acceptability of Bolu Cukke with purple sweet potato flour and tempeh flour substitutes. Experimental research was conducted at the Food Technology Laboratory, Department of Nutrition, Poltekkes, Ministry of Health Makassar with a total of 50 panelists in 2019. The nutritional content was analyzed using the Kjhedal method for protein, gravimetry for fat, and titrimetry for carbohydrates. Acceptance test was analyzed using Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney test with 95% confidence level. The results showed that the color and aroma of the four sample groups were different (p=0.000 and p=0.028), while there was no difference in texture and taste. Based on the nutritional content, group C had the highest protein content, group A had the highest fat content while group D had the highest carbohydrate content.
Contribution of Jonas Kubilius to the metric theory of Diophantine approximation of dependent variables
Authors: Beresnevich Victor V. , Bernik Vasily I. , Götze Friedrich , Zasimovich Elena V. , Kalosha Nikolai I.
Published: December 2021

The article is devoted to the latest results in metric theory of Diophantine approximation. One of the first major result in area of number theory was a theorem by academician Jonas Kubilius. This paper is dedicated to centenary of his birth. Over the last 70 years, the area of Diophantine approximation yielded a number of significant results by great mathematicians, including Fields prize winners Alan Baker and Grigori Margulis. In 1964 academician of the Academy of Sciences of BSSR Vladimir Sprindžuk, who was a pupil of academician J. Kubilius, solved the well-known Mahler’s conjecture on the measure of the set of S-numbers under Mahler’s classification, thus becoming the founder of the Belarusian academic school of number theory in 1962.
Steganographic method based on hidden messages embedding into Bezier curves of SVG images
Authors: Blinova Evgeniya A. , Urbanovich Pavel P.
Published: December 2021

The description of the steganographic method for embedding the digital watermark into image vector files of the SVG format is given. Vector images in SVG format can include elements based on Bezier curves. The proposed steganographic method is based on the splitting of cubic Bezier curves. Embedding hidden information involves splitting cubic Bezier curves according to the digital watermark given as numerical sequence. Algorithms of direct and reverse steganographic transformation are considered for proving the authenticity and integrity of a digital vector image. The StegoSVG library has been developed to implement forward and reverse steganographic transformations. The developed desktop application that implements the method is briefly described.
ATP synthase in rat brain neurons
Authors: Uzlova Elizaveta V. , Zimatkin Siarhei M.
Published: December 2021

Mitochondrial ATP synthase is the main enzyme of ATP synthesis. A large number of diseases, including neurodegenerative ones, are associated with disorders of its assembly and functioning. The aim of the work is to reveal the patterns and features of the regional distribution of ATP synthase in the neurons of the rat brain structures, with a quantitative assessment of its content at the cellular level. The study was carried out on material from 5 outbred white male rats. Paraffin sections were stained by the Nissl method to identify structures of the brain and cervical segments of the spinal cord, and for ATP synthase by immunohistochemical method; 102 structures of the rat brain were studied cytophotometrically. Immunoreactivity of ATP synthase was found in all structures of the rat brain with high heterogeneity, while most structures are characterised with a moderate content of ATP synthase. A high content of ATP synthase was found in large neurons and in neurons of structures of phylogenetically older brain divisions. The content of ATP synthase also depends on the layer of the cortex and the position of neurons in the reflex arc. In the spinal cord the content of ATP synthase depends not only on the size of neurons, but also on the gray matter layer.
Restriction-modification systems and DNA methylation profile of Pectobacterium carotovorum 2A
Authors: Diubo Yulia V. , Akhremchuk Artur E. , Valentovich Leonid N. , Nikolaichik Yevgeny A.
Published: December 2021

The methylation profile of Pectobacterium carotovorum 2A genome was studied using the Oxford Nanopore sequencing technology. The specificity of the methylase subunits of the three restriction-modification systems of this strain was determined. Analysis of homologous systems showed the uniqueness of the type I restriction-modification system and the type IV restriction system specific to methylated DNA of this strain. The work confirms the applicability of Oxford Nanopore technology to the analysis of bacterial DNA modifications and is also the first example of such an analysis for Pectobacterium spp.
Formation and assessment of ecological risks of urban landscapes in industrial cities of Belarus
Authors: Martsinkevich Galina I. , Shchasnaya Iryna I. , Karpichenka Aliaksandr A. , Varabyou Dzmitry S.
Published: December 2021

The problems of the formation of hazardous natural and man-made processes in industrial cities, contributing to the emergence of environmental risks, are presented. To date, an extensive literary material has been accumulated on this problem, concerning the causes of its occurrence, analysis of the patterns of development, and the possibilities of managing risks, including the environmental ones. It has been established that the list of reasons for the formation of risks in cities lacks one of the most important factors that we have discovered – the structure of urban landscapes, which are quite large objects of urban development. To identify the role of these objects in the formation of environmental risks, the cities of Orsha and Pinsk were selected. These cities were laid down almost simultaneously at the beginning of the 11th century, but they have a different history of development. Maps of urban landscapes of cities were compiled, geochemical studies of their soil cover were carried out, geochemical and thermal anomalies of the surface were revealed, the volumes of ecosystem services (carbon absorption) by green spaces were calculated. It was found that urban landscapes perform various functions in the system of environmental risks: some of them contribute to the development of hazardous processes, others – to mitigate them. So, soil pollution with heavy metals (with an excess of the content of Pb, Cr and Cu over the MPC by 1.2–5.6 times in Pinsk), the strongest heating of the surface (8–16 °C higher than the air temperature in Pinsk and Orsha) and low carbon deposition (100–500 t per year) are typical for urban landscapes of the historical center, urban landscapes with a predominance of industrial buildings, urban landscapes for complex residential multi-storey, public and industrial buildings. Urban landscapes, in the structure of which there are elements of landscape and recreational areas of public use (parks, forest parks, squares), as well as agricultural lands and water bodies, are characterised by a low content of heavy metals in soils (below the MPC in Pinsk, below the background in Orsha), low surface temperature (2–3 °C higher than the air temperature), high volume of carbon deposition (2.6–2.8 thsd t per year). An assessment of the probability of risks associated with the described processes was carried out, which helped to find out that they correspond to the categories of «acceptable» and «neglected», options for risk management were proposed.
The philosophy of populism in the work of a sociologist: in memory of Irina Albertovna Khaliy (1950–2020)
Authors: Podlesnaia Mariia A.
Published: December 2021

In memory of the Russian sociologist I. A. Khaliy, known for her research in the field of civil society, environmental sociology, local communities, social movements and non-profit organisations, the article analyses the philosophy of populism, which was actively used by the sociologist in her research. The analysis is built in two stages. The first one is based on highlighting the main views of the populists and their subsequent criticism, with access to a number of areas that were affected by populist thought, such as man and his nature, the question of solidarity and signs of social life, the doctrine of human needs, methods and methodology of social sciences, philosophy of action as a research position. The second stage is a comparative analysis, as a result of which it is considered how the views of the populists were reflected in the work of I. A. Khaliy, what refraction and sound they acquired a century later from the point of view of practical application. The work is all the more interesting because it gives an idea of the philosophy of populism not as an obsolete phenomenon of the past, but as a phenomenon of the present, which turns out to be especially relevant in a situation of systemic crises and their assessment, including by intellectuals and representatives of the intelligentsia.
Genesis of theoretical grounds for the use of triangulation in sociological research
Authors: Kuchko Elena E. , Urban Dariya O.
Published: December 2021

The article considers the history of formation of qualitative and quantitative methodological approaches in sociology. The  historical reconstruction of the fundamental ideas of representatives of these areas makes it possible to better understand their relationship, to determine the possibilities of their interaction in the study of social reality. In this regard, the article analyses the qualitative and quantitative strategy of sociological research taking into account their ontological, epistemological, axiological and methodological principles. A meaningful analysis of the three «waves», the stages of sociological cognition makes it possible to understand the specifics of the development of sociological knowledge, determine central ideas and values, and better understand the dynamics of the interaction of existing approaches and paradigms. Qualitative and quantitative methodological approaches in social sciences arose almost simultaneously, but their further development was extremely uneven, and their use to study and explain social reality for a long time was not based on the principles of parity interaction. The expansion of the practice of sociological research in a situation of high dynamics of social processes made it possible to increase the level of research culture, the understanding of values and cognitive differences in qualitative and quantitative methodologies made it possible and necessary to use them together. The basis for combining qualitative and quantitative methodological approaches is their functional additionality, which is expressed in the ability to most fully represent various aspects of the study of the same subject area. We are talking about methodological, conceptual triangulation as a strategy for the interaction of qualitative and quantitative approaches in the study of social problems using qualitative and quantitative methods for collecting and analysing sociological information. Such a technique increases the completeness and reliability of the received information, expands research capabilities.