bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Shoots and leaves: exploring the impacts and fragile sustainability of sustainable place-making projects working with marginalised people
Authors: Ramsden Sam
Published: June 2020

This article contributes to emerging research on sustainable place-making, but makes an important contribution through a strong focus on outcomes for marginalised people and the need for long-term sustainability. Sustainable place-making combines ‘place-making’ and ‘sustainable development’ to describe locally focused action working towards social, economic and environmental goals (Franklin and Marsden, 2015). The article explores an externally funded charity-led project working in a deprived area of the UK, implementing urban agriculture, community gardening and household energy activities. The project successfully engaged marginalised people, who strongly voiced outcomes including reduced isolation, improved mental health and increased resilience and self-reliance. Support from staff, volunteering in a team, enjoying gardening, accessing nature and financial savings provided a platform for impacts. Environmental outcomes were less tangible but included improvements to the local environment and reduced energy usage. However, after the funding finished, marginalised participants were vulnerable to outcomes not being sustained in the long term.
Somewhere over the rainbow – third sector research in and beyond coronavirus
Authors: Macmillan Rob
Published: June 2020

The coronavirus pandemic has rapidly become a multifaceted global crisis, disrupting economies, livelihoods and ways of life, with significant ramifications for the third sector. This paper seeks to prompt a conversation about third sector research agendas, which might be animated in and beyond coronavirus, focusing primarily on the experience of the sector in the UK but including references globally. After a brief discussion of the acute three-dimensional crisis facing the sector, the paper raises questions for now and later at three interconnected levels: of practice, organisation and society. The paper concludes with a call for critically engaged curiosity about the role and fortunes of the third sector in a time of lockdown and its aftermath.
A post-paradigmatic approach to analysing emotions in social life
Authors: Olson Rebecca E. , Bellocchi Alberto , Dadich Ann
Published: June 2020

Scholars studying emotions in social life typically work mono-logically, within a paradigmatic camp, drawing on distinct theories of emotion. In isolation, each offers a singular conceptualisation of emotions in social life. Working multi-logically, in contrast, offers richer, comparative insight into the layered meanings of emotion relevant to a social context. Rather than treating them as incommensurate, we not only argue for the benefits of drawing on multiple paradigms, methods and theories of emotions in social life, we offer a worked example of a post-paradigmatic methodology for analysing emotions in social life that values multi-logicality and epistemic flexibility. Setting aside debates about what emotions are, we work from the premise that different conceptualisations of emotions do things: shape what we see and ignore, and discursively position people. We show how multiple theories and concordant methods can – and should – be applied to studying emotions in social life in the same study. In this empirical illustration of a methodological innovation, we map theories and methodologies of emotions in social life against four research paradigms and against four phases of a study into the emotional dimensions of interprofessional practice, depicting the realisations afforded through a post-paradigmatic methodology for analysing emotions in social life.
Detection of polarization neutral points in observations of the combined corona and sky during the 21 August 2017 total solar eclipse
Authors: Snik Frans , Bos Steven P. , Brackenhoff Stefanie A. , Doelman David S. , Por Emiel H. , Bettonvil Felix , Rodenhuis Michiel , Vorobiev Dmitry , Eshelman Laura M. , Shaw Joseph A.
Published: June 2020

We report the results of polarimetric observations of the total solar eclipse of 21 August 2017 from Rexburg, Idaho (USA). We use three synchronized DSLR cameras with polarization filters oriented at 0°, 60°, and 120° to provide high-dynamic-range RGB polarization images of the corona and surrounding sky. We measure tangential coronal polarization and vertical sky polarization, both as expected. These observations provide detailed detections of polarization neutral points above and below the eclipsed Sun where the coronal polarization is canceled by the sky polarization. We name these special polarization neutral points after Minnaert and Van de Hulst.
Measurement of optical homogeneity of ZnGeP2 crystal using a 2.02 µm single-longitudinal-mode Tm:LuAG ring laser
Authors: Mi Shuyi , Chen Yi , Liu Gaoyou , Yang Ke , Yao Baoquan , Tongyu Dai , Duan Xiaoming
Published: June 2020

We demonstrate a single-longitudinal-mode Tm:LuAG unidirectional ring laser based on the Faraday effect and its application in measuring the optical homogeneity of

Z
n
G
e
P

2

(ZGP) crystal. The maximum single-longitudinal-mode power was 511 mW at 2022.4 nm, with a slope efficiency of 9.7%, and the

M
2

factors were 1.13 and 1.23 in the

x

and

y

directions, respectively. The laser was

s

polarized with a polarization degree of 30 dB. Also, the optical homogeneity of ZGP crystal was measured by the Mach–Zehnder interference method, which adopts the single-longitudinal-mode laser as the monochrome source. According to the interference fringes, the quantitative calculation or qualitative analysis of the optical homogeneity of ZGP crystal was achieved, which could quickly and conveniently judge the quality of ZGP crystal, and provided high-quality crystals for high-power mid-infrared lasers. To our knowledge, it is the first report of the optical homogeneity measurement of ZGP crystal by a 2 µm single-longitudinal-mode laser.
Effects of B2O3 doping on the crystalline structure and performance of DC-magnetron-sputtered, transparent ZnO thin films
Authors: Tuan Thanh Pham Anh , Ai Thi Nguyen Phuong , Kim Thi Phan Yen , Huu Nguyen Truong , Van Hoang Dung , Kieu Truong Le Oanh , Bach Phan Thang , Cao Tran Vinh
Published: June 2020

The transparent-conducting performance is estimated through figure-of-merit (FOM) value. To improve poor FOM value of pure ZnO thin films, boron (

B

) as a donor impurity was doped into the films. Direct-current magnetron sputtering was used to prepare

B

-doped ZnO (BZO) thin films from sintered ZnO targets with variable

B

2

O

3

content changing from 0 to 2 wt. %. The x ray diffraction analysis confirmed the preferably

c

-axis-oriented structure of hexagonal wurtzite ZnO host. The results also showed variation in the film structure versus the

B

2

O

3

content through calculations of crystal size and residual stress. Depending on the

B

2

O

3

content, a competition of interstitial and substitutional

B

3
+

ions induced more stress or relaxation in lattice structure of the films. At 1%

B

2

O

3

, the BZO thin film had the best crystalline characterization with the lowest stress and large crystal size. In consequence, the BZO 1% film obtained the lowest resistivity of

2.7

×

1

0

−
3

Ω

c
m

, average transmittance of 82.1%, and the best FOM value of

18.8

×

1

0

2

Ω

−
1

c

m

−
1

. The transparent-conducting performance of the ZnO thin films deposited by direct-current (DC) magnetron sputtering was significantly enhanced through

B

doping. The good-performance BZO film at 1%

B

2

O

3

is believed to be of use as electrodes in thin-film solar cells.
Virtual single-pixel imaging-based deconvolution method for spatial resolution improvement in wide-field fluorescence microscopy
Authors: Zhang Wei , Li Siwei , Yang Zhigang , Yu Bin , Lin Danying , Xiong Jia , Qu Junle
Published: June 2020

Deconvolution technique has been widely used in fluorescence microscopy to restore fine structures of biological samples. However, conventional deconvolution methods usually achieve little contrast enhancement in dense structures that have the intervals close to the Rayleigh criterion. Herein, we developed a novel deconvolution method, termed virtual single-pixel imaging (v-SPI). Differing from existing deconvolution methods, v-SPI aims to retrieve the less blurred image directly, not the sample distribution which cannot be actually obtained. And the result can be retrieved simply by solving a linear matrix in spatial domain. In addition, the proposed method has no requirement of calibrating parameters of microscope system. Simulation and experimental results demonstrated that the proposed v-SPI method can enhance the contrast of dense structures significantly and acquire a 24% increase in resolution.
Analog fiber-wireless downlink transmission of IFoF/mmWave over in-field deployed legacy PON infrastructure for 5G fronthauling
Authors: Kanta K. , Pagano A. , Ruggeri E. , Agus M. , Stratakos I. , Mercinelli R. , Vagionas C. , Toumasis P. , Kalfas G. , Giannoulis G. , Miliou A. , Lentaris G. , Apostolopoulos D. , Pleros N. , Soudris D. , Avramopoulos H.
Published: June 2020

We present a fixed mobile convergence topology for analog intermediate frequency over fiber (A-IFoF)/millimeter-wave (mmWave) transmission, benefiting from the reuse of the deployed passive optical network (PON) infrastructure, towards future mobile fronthaul architectures. Powerful fully programmable gate array boards located inside the access nodes convert the Ethernet-based traffic to orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM)-modulated intermediate frequency (IF) waveforms, supporting the A-IFoF propagation through the optical legacy infrastructure. Coexistence of the 5G traffic with the residential legacy traffic for the field propagation is achieved through utilization of unused C-band channels and wavelength-division multiplexing. To this extent, we experimentally demonstrate the downlink operation of a converged A-IFoF/mmWave link, over Telecom Italia’s legacy infrastructure located at Turin. Four-quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM)-OFDM and 16QAM-OFDM IF signals with

∼

200

M
H
z

and 400 MHz bandwidth [considered within the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) New Radio specifications] were generated through a radio frequency system-on-chip platform and optically multiplexed with the legacy fiber-to-the-home services. After propagation to the field, the A-IFoF stream was directly fed to a directional wireless link operating at 60 GHz. Successful PON/over-the-air transmission with error vector magnitude (EVM) values well below the 3GPP (

<

12.5
%

) requirements for 5G New Radio was demonstrated, with a 10.5% EVM for 16QAM-OFDM modulated with 400 MHz bandwidth.
Load balance algorithm for an OPSquare datacenter network under real application traffic
Authors: Yan Fulong , Xue Xuwei , Guo Xiaotao , Pan Bitao , Wang Jingyan , Zhang Shaojuan , Khani Elham , Guelbenzu Gonzalo , Calabretta Nicola
Published: June 2020

To cope with the dynamic datacenter (DC) traffic matrix generated by multiple applications, load balancing algorithms can be deployed to improve the datacenter network (DCN) performance. OPSquare, as a promising optical DCN architecture, adopts fast optical switches to provide high bandwidth, low latency, large scalability, and cost and energy efficiency. Current load balancing algorithms are not optimal for improving the network performance of an OPSquare DCN. To optimize the network performance of OPSquare, a dedicated load balancing algorithm considering the peculiarity of OPSquare should be addressed. Moreover, network virtualization in today’s data DC creates new heterogeneous traffic patterns different from what so far have been reported in the literature. A synthetic virtualized DC traffic model is needed to properly evaluate the performance of the load balancing algorithms. In this paper, we provide a synthetic traffic model by capturing the traffic traces of the virtualized DC applications running in a DC. The captured traffic model is used in the simulator to quantitatively evaluate the network performance of an OPSquare DCN. Then we propose and evaluate the lowest path buffer (LPB) algorithm to optimize the OPSquare DCN performance. LPB considers the buffer occupation in the whole path (from the source to the destination) rather than the local buffer occupation. The network performance improvements of LPB are demonstrated under different central controller update periods, traffic destination distributions, and network sizes. Compared with the round-robin, DRILL, and LocalFlow load balancing algorithms, LPB could achieve 23.7%, 46%, and 32.1% less latency, respectively. Besides, LPB provides lower packet loss in comparison with round-robin, DRILL, and LocalFlow.
Compressive sensing approaches for the prediction of scattered electromagnetic fields
Authors: Bhat Chandan , Sastry Karteekeya , Khankhoje Uday K.
Published: June 2020

We present a novel method based on Huygens’ principle and compressive sensing to predict the electromagnetic (EM) fields in arbitrary scattering environments by making a few measurements of the field. In doing so, we assume a homogeneous medium between the scatterers, though we do not assume prior knowledge of the permittivities or the exact geometry of the scatterers. The major contribution of this work is a compressive sensing-based subspace optimization method (CS-SOM). Using this, we show that the EM fields in an indoor situation with up to four scattering objects can be reconstructed with approximately 12% error, when the number of measurements is only 55% of the number of variables used to formulate the problem. Our technique departs significantly from traditional ray tracing approaches. We use a surface integral formulation which captures wave-matter interactions exactly, leverage compressive sensing techniques so that field measurements at a few random locations suffice, and apply Huygens’ principle to predict the fields at any location in space.
Eigenvectors of polarization coherency matrices
Authors: Sheppard Colin J. R. , Bendandi Artemi , Le Gratiet Aymeric , Diaspro Alberto
Published: June 2020

Calculation of the eigenvectors of two- and three-dimensional coherency matrices, and the four-dimensional coherency matrix associated with a Mueller matrix, is considered, especially for algebraic cases, in the light of recently published algorithms. The preferred approach is based on a combination of an evaluation of the characteristic polynomial and an adjugate matrix. The diagonal terms of the coherency matrix are given in terms of the characteristic polynomial of reduced matrices as functions of the eigenvalues of the coherency matrix. The analogous polynomial form for the off-diagonal elements of the coherency matrix is also presented. Simple expressions are given for the pure component in the characteristic decomposition.
Numerical method for analyzing the near-field enhancement of nonspherical dielectric-core metallic-shell particles accounting for the nonlocal dispersion
Authors: Eremin Yuri , Doicu Adrian , Wriedt Thomas
Published: June 2020

Over the last few decades, dielectric core and metallic plasmonic shell (Die@Me) nanoparticles have found a wide variety of applications. The trend to reduce the thickness of the metallic coating requires to account for the influence of the nonlocal dispersion on the spectral response of such nanoparticles. In this paper, we use the discrete sources method and the generalized nonlocal optical response model to describe the nonlocality within the plasmonic metal shell. We found that the variation of the plasmonic shell thickness and the elongation of the nonspherical core-shell particle can enlarge the near-field enhancement and the absorption cross section by an order of magnitude. Besides, we show that the nonlocal dispersion can decrease the field enhancement in the wavelength domain up to 2.5 times with a small blue-shift of about 5 nm.
Spectral control of the orbital angular momentum of a laser beam based on 3D properties of spiral phase plates fabricated for an infrared wavelength
Authors: Khonina Svetlana N. , Podlipnov Vladimir V. , Karpeev Sergey V. , Ustinov Andrey V. , Volotovsky Sergey G. , Ganchevskaya Sofiya V.
Published: June 2020

This paper examines the spectral properties of a spiral phase plate (SPP) generating orbital angular momentum (OAM) beams. A simple method is proposed for calculating the resulting OAM by measuring only two maximum expansion coefficients. A comparative numerical simulation of the proposed and traditional methods is performed. An SPP is fabricated for generation of an OAM with integer values at infrared and visible wavelengths. Qualitative experimental studies of the changes in a generated OAM with a change in the operating wavelength are performed using the spatial filtering method. The experimental results are found to agree with the results of numerical simulation. Beams with integer and fractional OAM values are obtained experimentally by changing the wavelength.
Imaging with a longitudinal electric field in confocal laser scanning microscopy to enhance spatial resolution
Authors: Kozawa Yuichi , Sakashita Ryota , Uesugi Yuuki , Sato Shunichi
Published: June 2020

The longitudinal electric field produced by focusing a radially polarized beam is applied in confocal laser scanning microscopy by introducing a higher-order transverse mode, combined with a technique of polarization conversion for signal detection. This technique improves signal detection corresponding to the longitudinally polarized field under a small confocal pinhole, enabling full utilization of the small focal spot characteristic of the longitudinal field. Detailed numerical and experimental studies demonstrate the enhanced spatial resolution in confocal imaging that detects a scattering signal using a higher-order radially polarized beam. Our method can be widely applied in various imaging techniques that detect coherent signals such as second-harmonic generation microscopy.
ScVO4:Bi3+ thermographic phosphor particles for fluid temperature imaging with sub-°C precision
Authors: Abram Christopher , Wilson Panjikkaran Irin , Ogugua Simon Nnalue , Fond Benoit
Published: June 2020

We synthesized and characterized

S
c
V

O

4

:

B

i

3
+

thermographic phosphor particles and demonstrated their use as a tracer for temperature imaging in a near-ambient temperature liquid flow using a single laser/camera luminescence lifetime dual-frame ratio-based method. Owing to a high temperature sensitivity of up to 6%/°C, the single-shot single-pixel temperature precision at a 400 µm spatial resolution is better than

±
0

.

4
∘

C

(

1

σ

) across the 20 to 60°C range, representing a factor

>

5

improvement compared to previous works using thermographic phosphors. The measurement duration is on the order of the luminescence lifetime (2 µs), which is applicable in both gas and liquid flows. This is a general temperature imaging method for sensitive measurements in dynamic fluid mechanics and thermal science applications.
Subwavelength engineering for Brillouin gain optimization in silicon optomechanical waveguides
Authors: Zhang Jianhao , Ortiz Omar , Le Roux Xavier , Cassan Eric , Vivien Laurent , Marris-Morini Delphine , Lanzillotti-Kimura Norberto Daniel , Alonso-Ramos Carlos
Published: June 2020

Brillouin optomechanics has recently emerged as a promising tool to implement new functionalities in silicon photonics, including high-performance opto-RF processing and nonreciprocal light propagation. One key challenge in this field is to maximize the photon–phonon interaction and the phonon lifetime, simultaneously. Here, we propose a new, to the best of our knowledge, strategy that exploits subwavelength engineering of the photonic and phononic modes in silicon membrane waveguides to maximize the Brillouin gain. By properly designing the dimensions of the subwavelength periodic structuration, we tightly confine near-infrared photons and GHz phonons, minimizing leakage losses and maximizing the Brillouin coupling. Our theoretical analysis predicts a high mechanical quality factor of up to 700 and a remarkable Brillouin gain yielding

3500

(

W

⋅

m

)

−
1

for minimum feature size of 50 nm, compatible with electron-beam lithography. We believe that the proposed waveguide with subwavelength nanostructure holds great potential for the engineering of Brillouin optomechanical interactions in silicon.
Accurate 4Pi single-molecule localization using an experimental PSF model
Authors: Li Yiming , Buglakova Elena , Zhang Yongdeng , Thevathasan Jervis Vermal , Bewersdorf Joerg , Ries Jonas
Published: June 2020

Interferometric single-molecule localization microscopy (iPALM, 4Pi-SMS) uses multiphase interferometry to localize single fluorophores and achieves nanometer isotropic resolution in 3D. The current data analysis workflow, however, fails to reach the theoretical resolution limit due to the suboptimal localization algorithm. Here, we develop a method to fit an experimentally derived point spread function (PSF) model to the interference 4Pi-PSF. As the interference phase is not fixed with respect to the shape of the PSF, we decoupled the phase term in the model from the 3D position of the PSF. The fitter can reliably infer the interference period even without introducing astigmatism, reducing the complexity of the microscope. Using a spline-interpolated experimental PSF model and by fitting all phase images globally, we show on simulated data that we can achieve the theoretical limit of 3D resolution, the Cramér–Rao lower bound (CRLB), also for the 4Pi microscope.
La evaluación online en la educación superior en tiempos de la COVID-19
Authors: García-Peñalvo Francisco José , Corell Alfredo , Abella-García Víctor , Grande Mario
Published: June 2020

La pandemia mundial de la COVID-19 ha llevado a la suspensión de la actividad docente en muchos países. En el ámbito universitario la transformación urgente de las clases presenciales a un formato online se ha llevado a cabo de una forma que se puede calificar como aceptable en términos generales, si bien las medidas tomadas se han ajustado a la urgencia y no a una planificación pensada a priori para impartir una asignatura con una metodología completamente online. Afrontar una evaluación online masiva es algo a lo que las universidades de corte presencial no se habían enfrentado nunca desde una perspectiva institucional. El profesorado y el estudiantado, por tanto, tienen que colaborar para dar una respuesta que integre decisiones metodológicas y tecnológicas, a la vez que garantice la equidad, la seguridad jurídica y la transparencia para todos los actores, internos y externos. El Grupo de Responsables de Docencia Online de las Universidades Públicas de Castilla y León ha elaborado una guía de recomendaciones para ayudar al profesorado y a las universidades en este proceso. La esencia de esta guía se presenta en este artículo para hacer llegar estas recomendaciones al gran número de docentes que comparten este problema en este momento excepcional en todo el planeta.
Role of Nongovernment Organisations in the Development of the Kosovar Society
Authors: Hoti Hamdi , LIMAJ Demir , KURHASKU-HOTI Edisona
Published: June 2020

Generally, the paper shows the importance that have non-government organization in Kosovo on development routes toward democratic and transparent society. Today, the main purpose of NGO’s is creating a better life for society by researching for the needs of society and fulfilling these requirements in the near future. Today, in day life we are facing with different individual and groups of society and is being questioned about the purpose of the works of these organizations. Research results of the paper shows that NGO’s have played and are playing positive important role in Kosovar society development, in generally developing in /special fields. Among the main requirements include cooperation and coordination between NGO’s to achieve powerful impact in society development and increasing transparency for the public and creating reliability that it will not misused taken fonds and have the main mission improvement of society instead of benefits. Keywords: NGO, cooperation, society, development, impact.
Sustainable Approaches to Waste Management: Regulatory and Financial Instruments
Authors: Kutsevych Maksym , Yara Olena , Golovko Liudmyla , Terpeliuk Volodymyr
Published: June 2020

with the provisions and principles of EU waste policy and development of suggestions for improvement of Ukrainian law. The article provide an overview of EU waste legislation, main EU investment policy and its contributions to municipalities in the area of solid municipal waste management. The ways of ecological modernization of the management of solid municipal waste were investigated. Proposals for implementation of experience of EU member states, which has proved itself in practice, were made.  Keywords: EU waste management, EU law, adaptation of Ukrainian legislation to EU standards, financial instruments
Conceptual aspects of modern innovation policy
Authors: Omelyanenko Vitaliy , Kudrina Olga , Semenikhina Olena , Zihunov Vasily , Danilova Olena , Liskovetska Tetiana
Published: June 2020

The country's participation in the processes of high technology development and transfer depends on: the level of its socio-economic development; the effectiveness of identifying innovative priorities; the developing an international strategy. This necessitates the development of theoretical foundations and practical recommendations for countries' participation in high technology development processes in the global innovation system. We propose to consider high technology analysis as an analysis of public policy (interpretive analytics) and research in science and technology and technology assessment. Recently, an approach has come to the fore, in which it is necessary to focus not so much on absolute leaders who have already built their own chain of creation of innovations (from basic research to competitive companies), but more to develop their own unique competencies. The factor of formation of competitive innovative systems is creation of unique innovative environment on the basis of combination of technological basis, innovative economy and socio-cultural system. Keywords: innovation policy, high technology, innovative landscapes, clusters, human resources, technology transfer
Assessing the Performance of Factors Affecting the Profitability of the Banking System: Evidence from Kosovo
Authors: Durguti Esat A. , Krasniqi Enver H. , Krasniqi Dea
Published: June 2020

This review done by empirical surveillance observes the significances of a number of the explicit factors of the bank that are matching to bank governance, financial market configuration on one hand, and macroeconomic aspects of the Kosovo bank's performance on another hand. The Management and assessment of Kosovo's bank effectiveness were accomplished through two indicators return on assets (ROA) and return on equity (ROE). To recognize this assessment, the OLS, and Arellano-Bond (GMM) regression method will be applied with the data used from the financial statements of Kosovo banks on a periodical basis over the period 2006-2019. Based on the challenging environments in which the banking system of Kosovo has passed, we have carefully chosen some specific determinants of the banking industry, as well as some of the macroeconomic determinants. The outcomes propose that upcoming studies may contain diverse dynamic models as well as altered dependent and independent features to elucidate the performance of Kosovo banks.  Keywords: Bank’s profitability, time series, OLS regression, GMM.
Adherence to Legal Culture as a Component of the Regional Industrial Enterprises’ Corporate Innovation Management while Ensuring their Sustainable Development
Authors: Klius Yuliia , Kotova Liubov , Ivchuk Yuliia , Skupinskyi Oleh
Published: June 2020

The article is to determine the role of the compliance culture as a part of the regional industrial enterprises’ corporate innovation management while ensuring their sustainable development. Any enterprise, operating in a market economy, aims to maximize profits as its main internal goal. Effective innovative development is an objective necessity for sustainable economic growth. The main goal of the innovative activity of enterprises or organizations can be designated as obtaining a certain number of innovations in the form of new products, technologies, raw materials, methods of organization and management with certain features. The formation of new and efficient innovation management systems by means of straight-line management is of great importance for industrial enterprise’s effective development management. The creation of new and efficient systems of management of innovation activity to direct it into an effective path is greatly important for effective development management of the industrial enterprise. Therefore, the innovation management corporate system creation and the study of its role in the effective development of the enterprise is extremely relevant. Keywords: legal culture, innovative activities, industrial enterprises, sustainable development
Potential Use of Lactobacillus plantarum 1UHCC as a Bio-hydrolyzer in the Development of the Sustainable Food Industry in Indonesia
Authors: Said Muhammad Irfan , Abustam Effendi , Nur Yuliati Farida , Hasma H. , Alvina A.
Published: June 2020

The purpose of this study aimed to evaluate the potential and performance of Lactobacillus plantarum 1 UHCC (L.plantarum 1UHCC) bacteria as bio-hydrolyzer of the food industry in Indonesia.  As much as 100g of fresh hide from Balinese cattle were used as a substrate. The fermentation time was carried out at 3 time levels, namely: 24 hours (T-24); 48 hours (T-48) and 72 hours (T-72). The bacteria were used L.plantarum which was isolated from milkfish extract. The results showed that in the solution of L.plantarum bacteria using collagen substrate of cattle hide, pH values were increased and the lactic acid levels were decreased significantly.  The pH value and the lactic acid level of the solution were respectively around 5.77±0.03-6.13±0.02 and 1.65±0.26-2.02±0.05%. The total bacteria has increased and dissolved protein has decreased for fermentation time, but in general it is not significant. Total bacteria and dissolved proteins respectively 4.5±0.98-5.5±2.29 Log10CFU/mL and 36.98±3.37-40.25±1.54 mg/mL. The application of 24 hours (T-24) fermentation time to L.plantarum bacteria using collagen substrate of cattle hide skin was considered as the optimum time to be applied in the fermentation process.  Bacteria L.plantarum 1UHCC has the ability to hydrolyze collagen protein components, especially collagen extracts from cattle hide. Bacteria L.plantarum 1UHCC has the potential to be developed as a bio-hydrolyzer organism. Bacteria L.plantarum 1UHCC plays a very important role in the development of the food industry, especially in Indonesia. Keywords:  Bacteria, Cattle hide, Collagen, Fermentation, L.plantarum 1UHCC
Does Economic Integration Affect Inequality in Developing Countries? Evidence from a Global Sample
Authors: Tung Le Thanh , Thang Pham Nang , Uyen Lam Tu
Published: June 2020

Economic integration plays an important role in promoting economic growth. However, it can also increase inequality, although the relationship between economic integration and inequality is still unclear. Our paper aims to study the impact of economic integration on income inequality with a global sample regarding 59 developing countries collected from 1996-2016. Besides, we divide the overall sample into three smaller examples including developing countries in Asia, Africa, and Latin-America. Unlike previous studies, our research results confirm that economic integration has a multidimensional impact on inequality in countries. In detail, trade openness can help to reduce inequality, however, foreign direct investment increases inequality during the study period. The Kuznets' inverted-U curve among income and inequality is confirmed in the cases including the overall sample, Asia and Africa, excluding for the Latin-America. Finally, technology development and remittances are found to play a negative impact on inequality, while inflation leads to an increase in inequality level in developing countries.  Keywords: economic integration, inequality, trade openness, FDI, Kuznets, developing country
Innovative Environmental Strategy for Sustainable Development
Authors: Kaletnik Grygorii , Lutkovska Svitlana
Published: June 2020

This article investigates the development of an innovative strategy for environmentally sustainable development. The breakthrough strategy has been found to be an activity-based structure and system of activities to accelerate growth. It has been found out that, in form and substance, all practical business development strategies depend on specific internal and external circumstances. It is proved that when developing breakthrough strategies for socio-economic development of a country, it is necessary to be guided by certain methodical techniques or rules, namely: scientific and applied justification; identifying and progressively improving an attractive value proposition; development and continuous improvement of the business model; drawing up and implementing an action plan; forming the focus of all participants in the breakthrough strategy on the achievement of strategic goals. The main products of the breakthrough strategy are found to be the organizational mission, value proposition, business model and set of projects and programs that form the breakthrough strategy cycle [2, 4]. It is found that there are different types of breakthrough strategies, among them the following: 1) storming strategy; 2) lagging behind in leaders; 3) expansion of horizons; 4) change of form [3]. Breakthrough strategies in the industry include the introduction of modern innovative industrial technologies on the basis of support for the development of high-tech industries (increasing production of domestic aviation and space technology, instrumentation, electronic technology, nanotechnology, medical technology), harnessing the potential of Ukraine to expand medium-tech production automotive, newest rolling stock and other railway equipment), Stim fostering the creation of new innovation development poles (creation of innovation clusters in the regions of Ukraine)[4]. It is proved that sustainable environmental development is impossible without the formation and use of appropriate management potential, that is, the ability of managers is qualified to "launch" all other potentials. It has been determined that the goal of green economy development should be to achieve a higher level of well-being while simultaneously solving resource-ecological and social problems.  Keywords: strategy, innovation, environmental security, sustainable development.
The Law Commission presumption concerning the dependability of computer evidence
Authors: Ladkin Peter Bernard , Littlewood Bev , Thimbleby Harold , Thomas Martyn
Published: June 2020

In this paper Peter Bernard Ladkin, Bev Littlewood, Harold Thimbleby and Martyn Thomas CBE consider the condition set out in section 69(1)(b) of the Police and Criminal Evidence Act 1984 (PACE 1984) that reliance on computer evidence should be subject to proof of its correctness, and compare it to the 1997 Law Commission recommendation that a common law presumption be used that a computer operated correctly unless there is explicit evidence to the contrary (LC Presumption). The authors understand the LC Presumption prevails in current legal proceedings. They demonstrate that neither section 69(1)(b) of PACE 1984 nor the LC presumption reflects the reality of general software-based system behaviour.

Index words: Law Commission; presumption computers are reliable; software impossible to be correct
Prevalence of Chronic Hepatitis B Virus Infection in the United States
Authors: Lim Joseph K. , Nguyen Mindie H. , Kim W. Ray , Gish Robert , Perumalswami Ponni , Jacobson Ira M.
Published: June 2020

Chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection represents a major global health problem, affecting an estimated 257–291 million persons worldwide and is associated with substantial morbidity and mortality because of clinical complications, such as liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Despite existing resources for vaccination, screening, and treatment, the burden of chronic HBV remains significant within the United States (US). Both the World Health Organization (WHO) and US Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS) have articulated formal hepatitis elimination plans, although an updated assessment of the epidemiology and prevalence of chronic HBV is needed to inform these initiatives. The Chronic Liver Disease Foundation (CLDF), a nonprofit 501(c)(3) educational organization dedicated to raising awareness of liver disease, partnered with a panel of leading US hepatologists to conduct an updated literature review to develop a contemporary HBV prevalence range estimate. Panel members researched and evaluated the peer-reviewed literature on HBV prevalence and, in May 2019, discussed their findings during a live HBV epidemiology workshop. The panel proposed an overall estimated prevalence for chronic HBV infection in the US of 1.59 million persons (range 1.25–2.49 million). This review provides a summary of the workshop findings and conclusions, which may serve to inform future initiatives focused on HBV screening and prevention in the US.
Konfessionell-kooperativer Religionsunterricht. Zwischenbilanz und Zukunftsperspektiven
Authors: Simojoki Henrik , Woppowa Jan
Published: June 2020

Enshrined in the Basic Law, Religious Education (RE) in Germany at schools is .confessional. - and hence closely linked to the religious communities, in particular the Catholic and the Protestant church. This does, however, not imply a mono-denominational structure (and even less a catechetical approach) of RE in Germany. On the contrary, due to the ongoing pluralisation, educational innovations and ecumenical progress, inter-denominational cooperation has become a decisive feature of RE in Germany in the last decades, with a plurality of forms and regional variations. This article gives an overview over the current state of this specific type of RE in German federal states. It accentuates conceptual innovations and structural improvements, but also critically reflects on some underlying tendencies which contradict the basic ecumenical and inclusive intention of inter-denominational cooperation. Finally, perspectives for further development are presented.
Navigated repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation to correct eating behavior in obesity (clinical cases)
Authors: Kuznetsova Polina I. , Logvinova Oksana V. , Poydasheva Alexandra G. , Kremneva Elena I. , Bakulin Ilya S. , Raskurazhev Anton A. , Lagoda Olga V. , Suponeva Natalia A. , Troshina Ekaterina A. , Tanashyan Marine M. , Piradov Michael A.
Published: June 2020

Obesity is a pathological condition caused by overweight and requiring medical intervention. The clinical and scientific experience gained over the past decades has allowed researchers to consider this problem as an independent disease with its own pathophysiological features, prevalence, incidence, approaches to therapy and prevention. One of the most important factors in the pathogenesis of obesity is disordered eating behavior, the central regulation of which is carried out with the active participation of the prefrontal cortex. Impact on this area (for example, using non-invasive brain stimulation) may be one of the promising ways to modulate eating behavior. The article describes clinical cases of treatment of morbid obesity using navigated rhythmic transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS). Different patterns of dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) activation before and after rTMS are demonstrated. Possible mechanisms of the influence of DLPFC on the formation of eating behavior are also considered. These data underline the important role of DLPFC dysregulation in obesity, as well as show potentially effective neuromodulation techniques.
Pathogenetic aspects of cachexia
Authors: Klochkova Irina S. , Astafyeva Ludmila I. , Kadashev Boris A. , Sidneva Yuliya G. , Kalinin Pavel L.
Published: June 2020

The relevance of cachexia syndrome is determined by its high prevalence in clinical practice. It accompanies the course of not only oncological diseases, but also the majority of chronic somatic pathologies, such as chronic heart failure, renal failure, diabetes mellitus, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, rheumatoid arthritis, Alzheimers disease and others. It is known that even a slight weight loss in patients can determine an unfavorable prognosis of the underlying disease and reduce the effectiveness of therapy, and sometimes it becomes the direct cause of death of the patient.
Cachexia is a complex metabolic syndrome, which is based on a violation of the central regulation of metabolism. The dangerous combination of decreased appetite (anorexia) and increased metabolism is the result of an imbalance in energy exchange. Treatment of cachexia syndrome is ineffective and limited in means. Given the progressive and irreversible nature of this syndrome, early diagnosis and prevention of its development are the primary task of the doctor.
The article describes the main pathogenetic aspects of the development of cachexia syndrome. They can be common in different diseases. The article discusses the difficulties of diagnosing cachexia syndrome, the possibilities and prospects of treatment.
Quality of life, sexual function, and bariatric surgery: a systematic review
Authors: Ahmadi Shirko , Teixeira Luís Felipe Milano , Domingues José Rodrigo V. , Chacon-Mikahil Mara Patricia T. , Cavaglieri Claudia Regina , Gutierrez Gustavo Luiz
Published: June 2020

BACKGROUND: Obesity is associated with numerous comorbidities and affects various aspects of life, including quality of life (QOL) and sexual function (SF). Bariatric surgery (BS) is an effective treatment for obese people. Also QOL and SF after BS in the people are not well known.
AIMS: To provide insight in the available prospective evidence regarding the short and long-term effects of BS on QOL and SF.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: A systematic multi-database search was conducted for quality of life, Sexual function and Bariatric surgery. Only prospective studies with QOL or SF before and after BS were included. The quality assessment tool for beforeafter studies with no control group was used to assess the methodological quality.
RESULTS: Twenty-four studies met the inclusion criteria. Most studies were assessed to be of fair to good methodological quality. Seven different questionnaires were used to measure both QOL and SF. A significant increase in QOL after BS and light increase in SF were found in all studies (P0.05).
CONCLUSIONS: Both QOL and SF are increased after BS on both the short and long term. However, due to the heterogeneity of the studies and the generality of the questionnaires are them hard to make a distinction among different BS and difficult to see a relation with medical profit. Therefore, designing QOL and SF measurements to the post BS population are recommended as the focus of future studies.
Сase of successful treatment of chronic gastric remnant haemorrhagic ulcer after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass
Authors: Ryzhov Mikhail K. , Zubeev Pavel S. , Grekova Nataliya S. , Vasyankin Vladimir I.
Published: June 2020

Acute bleeding from a gastric remnant ulcer is an exceptionally rare complication, especially if it occurs several years after bariatric surgery. We present a case of a patient with a bleeding gastric remnant ulcer that occurred 6 years (20132019) after the Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass (RYGB) performed for morbid obesity. The patient was urgently hospitalized in the surgical department with the clinic of gastrointestinal bleeding, according to fibroesophagogastroscopy, no sources of bleeding were found in the examined departments. On the background of conservative treatment, there was an improvement in the condition, but on the fifth day of hospitalization there was a clinic of recurrence of bleeding, while repeated emergency endoscopic examination of the sources also did not reveal. In this regard, it was decided to perform surgery to examine the residual stomach. With the help of laparoscopic transgastric gastroduodenoscopy, we were able to detect the source of active bleeding in the stomach excluded from digestion - a bleeding ulcer in the area of small curvature. The removal of this stomach was performed with a good postoperative recovery: the patient was discharged in a satisfactory condition for outpatient treatment, currently feels well, returned to work.
A case of chronic tophi gout in morbidly obese patient after laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding
Authors: Kushnarenko Natalia N. , Mishko Marina Yu. , Medvedeva Tatyana A. , Kushnarenko Kirill E.
Published: June 2020

Currently, increasing attention is being paid to studying the metabolic activity of adipose tissue, a source of biologically active mediators involved in vascular remodeling, immunological and inflammatory reactions. Today obesity is considered not only as independent risk factor of development of chronic noninfectious diseases (such as arterial hypertension, diabetes mellitus types 2, pathology of a cardiovascular system, malignant neoplasms), but also as a significant predictor of metabolic disorders (dyslipidemia, insulin resistance, hyperuricemia), contributes to the early formation of metabolic syndrome and goat. Despite such an obvious problem, the current state of conservative therapy for overweight and obesity remains unsatisfactory. Most of patients, even after successful treatment, have a recurrence of the disease with the restoration of the initial anthropometric indicators or even an increase in body weight. In this regard, currently more widely used surgical methods of correction of obesity. However along with the expected positive effects of treatment bariatric surgery may be accompanied by the development of a number of specific surgical complications and impaired energy metabolism with aggravation of the existing polymorbid pathology. This clinical case demonstrates the association of obesity with the development of metabolic disorders, illustrates the development of severe tophaceous gout in a patient during 2 years after laparoscopic gastric banding. It shows the possible reasons for its debut and reflects the dynamics of the patients condition, as well as the nature and characteristics of the course of the joint syndrome in the postoperative period.
A novel calcimimetic evocalcet for the management of secondary hyperparathyroidism with little effect on the gastrointestinal tract and cyp isozymes in vivo and in vitro
Authors: Egshatyan Lilit V.
Published: June 2020

In the treatment of secondary hyperparathyroidism of end-stage chronic kidney disease, vitamin D receptor activation and allosteric modulators of the calcium-sensing receptor - inhibit glandular hyperplasia; reduce parathyroid hormone levels, impact on bone turnover and mineral density. Cinacalcet, an oral calcimimetic agent has been widely used for the management of secondary hyperparathyroidism in chronic kidney disease. Nevertheless, some patients remain refractory to the treatment, as the dose of cinacalcet cannot be sufficiently increased due to gastrointestinal symptoms and it strong inhibits of cytochrome P450 (CYP) 2D6. In order to resolve this issue, was develop a newly synthesized calcimimetic agent, evocalcet (MT-4580/KHK7580). In a rat model of chronic kidney disease induced by 5/6 nephrectomy, and in multicenter, open-label study phase 3, and in clinical practice oral administration of evocalcet efficiently suppressed the secretion of parathyroid hormone. Evocalcet also demonstrated the less induction of emesis and gastro-intestinal effects, and its pharmacological effects were observed at lower doses because of its higher bioavailability than cinacalcet. In addition, evocalcet showed no substantial direct inhibition of any CYP isozymes in in vitro. These findings suggest that evocalcet can be a better alternative to cinacalcet with a wider safety margin.