bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Genetic Algorithm based Routing in Wireless Sensor Networks with Various Distance Metrics
Authors: Pyrih Yaroslav , Pyrih Yuliia , Maksymyuk Taras , Dumych Stepan , Klymash Mykhailo
Published: January 2025

The study highlights the operational characteristics of wireless sensor networks (WSNs). It describes genetic operators and parameters that serve as the foundation for the genetic algorithm's functionality. The optimal values for population size and the number of generations required for data routing in WSNs were determined. The mathematical framework and application aspects of distance metrics such as Euclidean, Chebyshev, Manhattan, and Minkowski were analyzed. A block diagram of the proposed genetic algorithm for data transmission between sensor nodes is presented. The effectiveness of the developed genetic algorithm was investigated for route formation using different distance metrics in a network with nodes characterized by three operational radii. Experimental results indicate that, for finding the shortest route with minimal computational time in a network of 25 sensor nodes, the optimal genetic algorithm parameters are 150 generations and a population size of 300. Simulation results demonstrate the superiority of the proposed solution over the greedy algorithm in terms of route length.
ANALSIS MODEL PEMBELAJARAN IMAM AL-GHAZALI DALAM KITAB IHYA ULUMUDDIN
Authors: Fazillah Fazillah
Published: January 2025

The flow of globalization makes many people and even educators do not understand the theories and educational concepts of previous muslim scholars and philosophers, for example the learning models of Imam Al-Ghazali in the book Ihya Ulumuddin. Formulation problems: 1. What is the learning model of Imam Al-Ghazali in the Ihya Ulumuddin book? 2. How is the relevance of Imam Al-Ghazali’s learning model of Ihya Ulumuddin in current context? The purpose of this study is to analyze the learning model of Imam Al-Ghazali in Ihya Ulumuddin with the contemporary context. This is qualitative research (library research) with a pedagogical approach. The nature of research is descriptive, the data collection served with documentation and techniques content analysis. The results of the study: 1. The learning model of Imam Al-Ghazali in Ihya Ulumuddin is the learning model of tahshil wa waqfah, istikhraju wa aktsaru himam, ikhtilafu bi hal and ‘ilm al-mu’amalah wa al-riyadhah. 2. Imam Al-Ghazali’s learning model in ihya ulumuddin is relevant to contextual, cooperative, problem-based and active learning models. Imam Al-Ghazali’s learning model mentions the steps to discuss and guide students. This learning model is relevant to be applied in this contemporary era.
LEGITIMASI ZAKAT PROFESI DALAM PERSPEKTIF EKONOMI ISLAM
Authors: Ali Isnu Cut
Published: January 2025

Professional zakat is a form of zakat that is collected on income generated from a particular job or profession. They argue that there is no clear basis in the Quran or Sunnah that expressly imposes zakat on professional income, so determining professional zakat is considered an effort that may not be in accordance with sharia, which refers to several reasons, including indicating its generality. verses relating to the obligation of zakat and the principle of justice in the distribution of assets. The need to help those who are less fortunate. Meanwhile, there are also ulama who reject the obligation to pay professional zakat, on the grounds that zakat money is only imposed on certain assets such as gold, silver and agricultural products. They argue that there is no clear basis in the Qur'an or Sunnah that expressly imposes zakat on professional income, so determining professional zakat is considered ijtihad which is not necessarily in accordance with sharia.
Trunk Wood Discoloration and Decay Following Root Wounding
Authors: Frank S. Santamour
Published: January 2025

Discoloration and decay of trunk wood following root severance occurred only in trees that exhibited weak Wall 2 compartmentalization of chisel wounds made in the trunks. Furthermore, trunk wood discoloration only occurred when the root cambium died back to, or beyond, the junction of root and trunk. Thus, that trunk wood discoloration induced by root severance may have been the result of trunk injury (cambial death) rather than the root wounding. Other factors such as tree species, root size, and season of severance may also play a significant, but presently unknown, role in this process.
CASO DE INTERCORRÊNCIA APÓS USO DE HIALURONIDASE NA REGIÃO NASOJUGAL
Authors: Bubanz de Moura Mariana , Simone Dutra Rodrigues Cássia
Published: January 2025

RESUMO
Os sinais de envelhecimento estão ligados à ação muscular, perda de sustentação óssea, flacidez da pele e diminuição do volume dos compartimentos de gordura facial. Para o tratamento do envelhecimento da pele, é utilizado o Ácido Hialurônico, preenchedor com o objetivo de repor a hidratação preenchendo as áreas afetadas e estimulando a produção do colágeno perdido. Assim, o objetivo deste estudo é relatar um caso de intercorrência com o uso da substância na área das olheiras, indicar quais medidas foram tomados para solucioná-la  e qual o diagnóstico médico realizado na paciente. Ao final do estudo, foi possível relatar que a conduta do profissional logo após a intercorrência foi fundamental para que não houvesse uma piora no quadro. Contudo, a análise médica foi inconclusiva sobre a lesão ocular, podendo ter sido por três fatores: 1. Permeação da medicação hialuronidase nos tecidos oculares. 2. Reação alérgica a medicação hialuronidase. 3. Lesão ocular por excesso de massagem na distribuição de hialuronidase nas regiões palpebrais.
Self-Efficacy: In-Depth Study of PAI Students' Teaching Readiness Through Teaching Practices 1 (Microteaching)
Authors: Sarifah Siti , Hamdanah Hamdanah , Surawan Surawan
Published: January 2025

Self-efficacy is an individual's belief in his or her ability to achieve the desired results in a particular context, in this case the readiness to teach through microteaching-1, which is mostly aimed at prospective teacher students, especially in this research, students of the Faculty of Islamic Religious Education study program Tarbiyah and Teacher Training, Palangka Raya State Islamic Institute. The research method used is descriptive qualitative research. Data collection techniques include interviews with PAI FTIK IAIN Palangka Raya students who have carried out PM 1, direct observation and documentation analysis. Data analysis involves the process of data collection, data reduction, data presentation and conclusions. The findings from the research show that the self-efficacy of PAI FTIK IAIN Palangka Raya students is at a fairly good level, where they have high confidence in their teaching abilities. Students' teaching readiness is also at a good level, indicated by thorough preparation in implementing Teaching Practices-1 in creating teaching modules and the learning media used. There is a significant positive impact between self-efficacy and teaching readiness. Students with a high level of self-efficacy demonstrate better teaching readiness and are able to master teaching skills.
Peningkatan Public Speaking melalui Metode Bermain Peran sebagai Pemandu Wisata Virtual Museum pada Pembelajaran Pendidikan Pancasila
Authors: Rizqiawan Agni , Abdillah Yan Amal
Published: January 2025

Penelitian ini bertujuan meningkatkan keterampilan public speaking peserta didik melalui metode bermain peran sebagai pemandu wisata di Museum Sumpah Pemuda berbasis virtual museum video 360 derajat. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode eksperimen dengan model pre-experimental one group pretest-posttest design. Sampel penelitian adalah peserta didik kelas X Pemasaran 1 SMK Negeri 1 Batang dengan jumlah 28. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah observasi dan angket yang kemudian di analisis menggunakan teknik analisis statistik deskriptif dan inferensial. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan terjadi peningkatan dari sebelum diberikan treatment atau perlakuan dan setelah diberikan perlakuan. Hasil statistik deskriptif diperoleh nilai rata-rata pretest adalah 67,86 dan nilai rata-rata postest sebesar 81,29. Selanjutnya hasil analisis uji paired sample t-test menunjukkan nilai signifikansi sebesar 0,000 yang artinya nilai Sig (n) < 0,05. Uji N-Gain diperoleh hasil nilai rata-rata sebesar 0,4308. Sehingga disimpulkan bahwa metode bermain peran sebagai pemandu wisata virtual museum menggunakan video 360 derajat berpengaruh dalam meningkatkan keterampilan public speaking peserta didik.
Keefektifan Model Pembelajaran Think Talk Write (TTW) dan Cooperative Integrated Reading and Composition (CIRC) dalam Keterampilan Menulis
Authors: Simorangkir Nina Prince , Ramly Ramly , Dalle Ambo , Amir Johar
Published: January 2025

Writing news text is a part of language skills that are considered difficult, influenced by internal and external factors. Therefore, a creative and innovative learning model is needed that can motivate and encourage children to write, think critically, and investigate issues when creating news articles. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the efficacy of the Cooperative Integrated Reading and Composition (CIRC) and Think Talk Write (TTW) methods in developing news text writing skills in grade VII students. An experiment is the technique employed through a nonequivalent control group design, involving two groups: experimental and control. Information was gathered from news text writing tests in the form of descriptive questions (pre-test and post-test) then analyzed descriptively quantitatively. The results showed that in the control class (TTW), the mean score of students reached 75.33 with a standard deviation of 7.89; as many as 83.33% of students achieved the passing grade. In the experimental class (CIRC), the average score reached 79.00 with a standard deviation of 6.49, and 96.64% of students achieved the passing grade. Thus, the TTW and CIRC models are equally effective in improving news text writing skills, but CIRC is more optimal. Further it is advised to do research to increase the sample size and explore the effect of duration and frequency of application of this model on other language skills or different levels of education.
GotNL_Chapter14_GIS.zip
Authors: Remmelts Gijs , Nelskamp Susanne , de Jager Jan , Geluk Mark
Published: January 2025

GIS files belonging to the figures of Chapter 14 - Petroleum geology, in Geology of the Netherlands (second edition).
Analyzing the Students’ Speaking Skills Through Telling Folklore in the English Classroom
Authors: Daeli Tuti Ardianti , Harefa Afore Tahir , Maruao Nursayani , Harefa Trisman
Published: January 2025

This study aims to examine the effectiveness of using folktales in improving the English speaking skills of students in class VIII of SMPN 1 Gunungsitoli Barat. Using a descriptive qualitative approach, this study involved 26 students as the main subjects. The results showed that the integration of folktales in learning had a significant impact on students' pronunciation ability, where 60% of them achieved a good score. Folklore not only improves pronunciation, but also eases the teaching and assessment process, and fosters students' interest in learning. Supporting factors such as the use of varied teaching methods and students' interest in local culture also catalysed the success. Comparative analysis showed that students who were active in folklore-based activities had higher levels of fluency and confidence than the less engaged group. However, the study also identified a number of challenges, such as limited learning time and limited available resources, which require further attention. In conclusion, folklore proved to be an effective learning medium in improving students' English speaking skills. In addition, it made a positive contribution to overall learning, by strengthening students' appreciation of local culture while improving the quality of the teaching and learning process.
Study on Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Efficacy of Cyphostemma setosum (Roxb.) Alston,Leaves: Implications for Natural Therapeutics
Authors:   Plant Biochemistry and Physiology Laboratory, Department of Botany, Osmania University, Hyderabad, Telangana-500 007-India, Vijay Kumar P. , Prabhakar G. ,   SriGpAvens Life Sciences Pvt. Ltd, AIC-CCMB, Medical Biotechnology Complex, Annex-II, Habsiguda, Hyderabad, Telangana-500 007-India, Kamalakar P. ,   Plant Biochemistry and Physiology Laboratory, Department of Botany, Osmania University, Hyderabad, Telangana-500 007-India
Published: January 2025

Plants undergo significant abiotic and biotic stresses, resulting in heightened formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) that can oxidize cellular components and disrupt physiological functioning. In response, plants have evolved intricate antioxidant systems, comprising enzymes and non-enzymatic substances, to neutralize reactive oxygen species and avert oxidative damage. This research assessed the antioxidant, antibacterial, and antifungal properties of C. setosum leaf extracts. Cyphostemma setosum (Roxb.) is a succulent climber clothed with scattered grandular bristly hairs; it is belonging to the family Vitaceae. The antioxidant activity was evaluated by the DPPH and phosphomolybdenum tests. In the DPPH experiment, Vitamin C exhibited the maximum activity (98%) at 80 µg/ml, succeeded by methanol (92%), chloroform (82%), and petroleum ether extracts (72%), while ethyl acetate extract displayed the lowest activity (48%). The phosphomolybdenum experiment indicated that Gallic Acid and Ascorbic Acid serve as standards with elevated total antioxidant capacities (TACs) of 92% and 85%, respectively. The methanol extract exhibited the highest total antioxidant capacity (TAC) among plant extracts at 82%, followed by chloroform at 73%, petroleum ether at 62%, and ethyl acetate at 59%, underscoring the significance of solvent polarity in antioxidant extraction. The methanol extract demonstrated the highest antibacterial activity against Pseudomonas fluorescens, E. coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Bacillus subtilis, exhibiting inhibition zones of 8-9 mm, followed by petroleum ether (6-7 mm), chloroform (5-7 mm), and ethyl acetate (3-6 mm). Ampicillin exhibited enhanced antibacterial efficacy, with inhibition zones ranging from 8 to 15 mm. Correspondingly, the antifungal efficacy against F. oxysporum, S. rolfsii, and P. infestans demonstrated that the methanol extract was the most potent, with inhibition rates of 60%, 52%, and 60%, respectively. Chloroform, ethyl acetate, and petroleum ether extracts demonstrated moderate efficacy, but the fungicide Fluconazole exhibited inhibition rates of 50-55%. The findings highlight the potential of methanol extracts of C. setosum as a substantial source of natural antioxidants, antibacterial, and antifungal agents, positioning it as a prospective candidate for health and functional food applications.
Torção de lobo médio pulmonar: relato de caso
Authors: Marques Roberta Muniz , Fonini Jaqueline Schaparini , De Queiroz Flávia Alves Correa , Pedro Casimira Edeneia Lourenço , Mariani Alessandro Wasun
Published: January 2025

Pulmonary torsion is a rare condition characterized by the rotation of the lung or its lobes around its own axis. It is associated with a disruption of thoracic homeostasis and can be caused by lung transplantation, thoracostomy, trauma, or occur spontaneously.
Condicionantes para la inclusión de mujeres y hombres jóvenes en una cooperativa de café del Soconusco
Authors: Ballinas Ballinas Belinda Guadalupe , Hernández Cruz Rosa Elba , Herrera Hernández Obeimar Balente , González Figueroa Gerardo Alberto
Published: January 2025

Analizar los procesos de inclusión de las juventudes, las escalas en que se definen, así como las aspiraciones de las personas jóvenes en una cooperativa de primer nivel del Soconusco, Chiapas, es el objetivo de la investigación. Para este propósito se entrevistó a hijos e hijas de socios de una cooperativa de café. Se utilizaron herramientas de la metodología cualitativa, como entrevistas semiestructuradas, observación participante y diario de campo. Los principales resultados discuten los procesos y la toma de decisiones dentro de la cooperativa y cómo estos obstaculizan o permiten la participación de las nuevas generaciones en las distintas actividades en torno a la cafeticultura.
Operative treatment for adenomyosis: update on literature review
Authors: Winata Gde Sastra , Suardika Anom , Mahayasa Putu Doster , Budiana Nyoman Gede , Kamajaya I Gusti Ngurah Agung Trisnu
Published: January 2025

Adenomyosis, a condition characterized by the presence of endometrial tissue within the myometrium, poses significant challenges in diagnosis and management due to its widespread and infiltrative nature. Operative treatment remains the primary treatment of choice for patients with symptomatic adenomyosis, especially those seeking fertility preservation or uterine conservation. This review explores the latest surgical techniques, emphasizing the balance between effective lesion removal and preservation of uterine function. Techniques such as asymmetric dissection, wedge resection, and various flap methods are discussed, highlighting their role in minimizing the loss of healthy myometrium while preserving uterine integrity. The evolution of laparoscopic and robotic approaches has improved accuracy and recovery, while innovative procedures such as the PUSH operation offer improved structural healing after excision. The choice of technique is guided by preoperative imaging and intraoperative findings, tailored to the extent and location of adenomyosis involvement. This review underscores the importance of individualized surgical strategy in achieving optimal outcomes in the surgical management of adenomyosis.
EFEITO DA DISMENORREIA NA AUTOPERCEPÇÃO DO ASSOALHO PÉLVICO EM MULHERES JOVENS NULÍPARAS
Authors: Michalczyszyn Lais Eduarda , Lopes Josiane
Published: January 2025

Esse artigo buscou avaliar o efeito da dismenorreia no nível de autopercepção do assoalho pélvico (AP) em mulheres jovens nulíparas. Metodologia: Foi realizado um estudo transversal em uma amostra por conveniência, composta por mulheres entre 18 e 30 anos, nulíparas e que já experienciaram a primeira relação sexual. As participantes foram avaliadas utilizando o questionário sócio clínico, escala visual analógica e questionário de autopercepção do AP. Os dados foram analisados utilizando o programa Statistical Program for Social Science (versão 23.0) considerando nível de significância de p < 0,05. Resultados: A amostra foi de 69 mulheres adultas jovens nulíparas com média de idade de 21,86 ± 3,16 anos, prevalência de dismenorreia de 65,21% (n=45) e média de nível de dor de 3,59 ± 3,16 pontos. Foi verificado que a maioria da amostra apresentou um nível moderado de autopercepção do AP. Não houve diferença estatisticamente significante entre os grupos com e sem dismenorreia em relação à percepção do AP, nem correlação entre a presença de dismenorreia e os domínios de autopercepção do AP. Conclusão: A dismenorreia é prevalente entre mulheres jovens nulíparas e não interferiu na autopercepção do AP.
ANÁLISE LONGITUDINAL DA EFICÁCIA DO TOCILIZUMABE NO TRATAMENTO DE ARTRITE REUMATOIDE REFRATÁRIA: RESULTADOS DE ESTUDOS CLÍNICOS RECENTES
Authors: Amorim Rafaela da Silva , Amorim Adriane Machado , Matos Giovanne Bonani Amorim de , Mariano Orçal José Netto Martins , Almeida Anna Clara Brandão
Published: January 2025

A artrite reumatoide (AR) é uma doença inflamatória crônica que pode resultar em danos articulares irreversíveis, especialmente em pacientes com formas refratárias ao tratamento convencional. O tocilizumabe, um anticorpo monoclonal que inibe a interleucina-6 (IL-6), tem demonstrado eficácia no controle da doença em pacientes com AR refratária. Este estudo visa analisar, de forma longitudinal, os resultados de estudos clínicos recentes sobre a eficácia do tocilizumabe em pacientes com artrite reumatoide refratária. A revisão incluiu ensaios clínicos randomizados e estudos de coorte que avaliaram a resposta clínica ao tratamento com tocilizumabe, focando na melhoria dos sintomas, função articular, controle da atividade inflamatória e efeitos adversos a longo prazo. Os resultados indicam que o tocilizumabe é eficaz na redução da atividade da doença e na prevenção do dano estrutural, sendo bem tolerado em longo prazo. No entanto, a persistência dos efeitos terapêuticos pode variar, dependendo da presença de comorbidades e da resposta individual dos pacientes. Este estudo contribui para a compreensão do impacto do tocilizumabe no manejo da AR refratária e sugere direções para futuras pesquisas em tratamentos biológicos para essa condição.
Opposing trends in the peak and low ozone concentrations in eastern China: anthropogenic and meteorological influences
Authors: Wang Zhuang , Shi Chune , Zhang Hao , Ji Xianguang , Zhu Yizhi , Xia Congzi , Sun Xiaoyun , Lin Xinfeng , Yan Shaowei , Wang Suyao , Zhou Yuan , Xing Chengzhi , Chen Yujia , Liu Cheng
Published: January 2025

Abstract. Due to considerable reductions in nitrogen oxides (NOx), ozone trends and variations in eastern China remain inadequately understood. Long-term observations of ozone precursors were conducted to explore the factors influencing ozone trends in this region. Combined with satellite and surface measurements, we evaluated the trends in low (2nd percentile), typical (50th percentile), and peak (98th percentile) ozone concentrations in detail. Observations indicate a significant decrease in peak ozone concentrations (−0.5 % yr−1), alongside an increase in low ozone concentrations (0.3 % yr−1), across eastern China during May–September from 2017 to 2022. The decline in typical ozone concentrations is notably slower than that of peak ozone concentrations, which is approximately −0.02 ppb yr−1 (−0.0 % yr−1) during the same period. Anthropogenic emissions primarily drive trends in low and peak ozone concentrations in eastern China, though meteorological effects also play a role. Ozone formation sensitivity shifts from volatile organic compound (VOC)-limited or transitional regimes in the morning (08:00–11:00 local time, LT), when ozone concentrations rise sharply, to NOx-limited regimes around peak concentrations (∼ 14:00 LT). The reduction in NOx concentrations is identified as a key factor driving the decline in peak ozone concentrations, aiming to further reduce ozone exceedance days. Thus, controlling NOx concentrations emerges as crucial for mitigating peak ozone levels. Moreover, the increase in low ozone concentrations can also be attributed to both anthropogenic emissions and meteorological factors. Our findings underscore the beneficial impacts of NOx reduction on managing peak ozone levels. Regular changes in ozone formation sensitivity throughout the day should be considered when formulating effective ozone control policies.
Impact of Convectively Coupled Tropical Waves on the composition and vertical structure of the atmosphere above Cabo Verde in September 2021 during the CADDIWA campaign
Authors: Jonville Tanguy , Borne Maurus , Flamant Cyrille , Cuesta Juan , Bock Olivier , Bosser Pierre , Lavaysse Christophe , Fink Andreas , Knippertz Peter
Published: January 2025

Abstract. In summer, Mixed Rossby Gravity Waves/Tropical Disturbances (MRG-TD) are known to drive intraseasonal humidity variability in the northeastern Atlantic troposphere, modulated by Equatorial Rossby (ER) and Kelvin waves. However, their impact on dust remains poorly understood, and MRG-TD tracks are often mingled in the literature. During the Clouds-Atmosphere Dynamics-Dust Interaction in West Africa (CADDIWA) campaign in September 2021, in-situ and remote sensing data (dropsondes, radiosondes, GNSS, and IASI) were used to investigate the 3D impact of tropical waves on dust and thermodynamics over Cape Verde. The distinct contributions of Kelvin waves, ER, and MRG-TD were isolated using frequency-wave number filtering of Total Column Water Vapor (TCWV). The latter was efficiently split into southern and northern-track African Easterly Waves using distinct frequency windows (respectively MRG-TD1 and MRG-TD2) and enabled us to demonstrate their distinct horizontal structures and impacts. ER waves mainly impacted thermodynamics above 750 hPa, MRG-TD1 affected jet-level thermodynamics, and MRG-TD2 modulated moisture in the lower troposphere. MRG-TD2 was identified as the main driver of dust events over Cape Verde in September 2021. Tropical cyclogenesis was linked to interactions among multiple tropical waves. Notably, a delay of up to 2 days was observed between Kelvin wave interactions with MRG-TD1 and cyclone formation, consistent with previous findings. These results highlight the critical role of tropical wave interactions in cyclogenesis and underscore their potential for improving forecasting.
Benchmarking and improving algorithms for attributing satellite-observed contrails to flights
Authors: Sarna Aaron , Meijer Vincent , Chevallier Rémi , Duncan Allie , McConnaughay Kyle , Geraedts Scott , McCloskey Kevin
Published: January 2025

Abstract. Contrail cirrus clouds persisting in ice-supersaturated air cause a substantial fraction of aviation's climate impact. One proposed method for the mitigation of this impact involves modifying flight paths to avoid particular regions of the atmosphere that are conducive to the formation of persistent contrails. Ascertaining which flight formed each observed contrail can be used to assess and improve contrail forecast models, as well as study the effectiveness of performing contrail avoidance. The problem of contrail-to-flight attribution is complicated by several factors, such as the time required for a contrail to become visible in satellite imagery, high air traffic densities and errors in wind data. Recent work has introduced automated algorithms for solving the attribution problem, but lack an evaluation against ground-truth data. In this work, we present a method for producing synthetic contrail observations with predetermined contrail-to-flight attributions which can be used to evaluate – or "benchmark" – and improve such attribution algorithms. The resulting performance metrics can be used to understand the implications of using this observational data in downstream tasks such as forecast model evaluation and analysis of contrail avoidance trials. We also introduce a novel, highly-scalable, contrail-to-flight attribution algorithm that leverages the characteristic compounding of error induced by simulating contrail advection using numerical weather models. The benchmark shows an improvement of about 30 % in precision versus previous contrail-to-flight attribution algorithms, without compromising recall.
Measurement report: Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in particulate matter (PM10) from activated sludge aeration
Authors: Kizhakkethil Jishnu Pandamkulangara , Shi Zongbo , Bogush Anna , Kourtchev Ivan
Published: January 2025

Abstract. Environmental pollution with per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), commonly referred to as “forever chemicals”, received significant attention due to their environmental persistence and bioaccumulation tendencies. Effluents from wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) have been reported to contain significant levels of PFAS. Wastewater treatment processes such as aeration have the potential to transfer PFAS into the atmosphere. However, understanding their fate during sewage treatment remains challenging. This study aims to assess aerosolisation of PFAS during WWTP process. Special emphasis is given to new generation and legacy PFAS (e.g., perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS) and perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA)) as they are still observed in sewage after years of restrictions. Particulate matter with aerodynamic size ≤10 µm (PM10) collected above a scaled-down activated sludge tank treating domestic sewage for a population >10,000 people in the UK were analysed for a range of short-, medium- and long-chain PFAS. Eight PFAS including perfluorobutanoic acid (PFBA), perfluorobutanesulfonic acid (PFBS), perfluoroheptanoic acid (PFHpA), perfluorohexanesulfonic acid (PFHxS), PFOA, perfluorononanoic acid (PFNA), PFOS and perfluorodecanoic acid (PFDA) were detected in the PM10. The presence of legacy PFOA and PFOS in PM10 samples, despite being restricted for over a decade, raises concerns about their movement through domestic and industrial sewage cycles. The total PFAS concentrations in PM10 were 15.49 pg m-3 and 4.25 pg m-3 during Autumn and Spring campaigns, respectively. PFBA was the most abundant PFAS, suggesting a shift towards short chain PFAS use. Our results suggest that WWT processes such as activated sludge aeration could aerosolise PFAS into PM.
Leveraging soil diversity to mitigate hydrological extremes with nature-based solutions in productive catchments
Authors: Guillaume Benjamin , Michez Adrien , Degré Aurore
Published: January 2025

Abstract. Nature-based solutions (NbS) are increasingly being explored as effective strategies for mitigating hydrological extremes, such as floods and agricultural droughts. Among these, soil-vegetation-based approaches may play a key role in improving soil health, enhancing ecosystem services, and restoring the natural hydrological cycle in productive agricultural and forestry catchments, making these landscapes more resilient to climate change. However, the influence of local factors, such as soil characteristics, on the effectiveness of these interventions is often overlooked. This study investigates the role of spatial variability of soil properties in shaping the effectiveness of NbS for mitigating both floods and agricultural droughts. To this end, two distributed, physically based hydrological models, one for an agricultural catchment and one for a forest dominated catchment, were developed, integrating two landscape planning scenarios involving a series of NbS to be represented. Key spatially based indicators to assess the effectiveness of NbS were developed based on long term simulation results. A major output from this study is that the effectiveness of NbS in improving flood and drought resilience is dependent on the soil’s natural drainage characteristics, with well-drained soils demonstrating the greatest potential. In well-drained soils, hedgerows significantly enhanced infiltration by improving soil hydraulic properties and creating additional air space in the soil's porosity through higher rates of evapotranspiration. In contrast, improving hydraulic properties in waterlogged soils had minimal impact on infiltration due to existing saturation, with anoxic conditions potentially limiting transpiration. Additionally, the study highlights that well-drained soils offer co-benefits for resilience to agricultural droughts, as they are more likely to experience water deficits that NbS can mitigate. In contrast, such benefits are generally absent in waterlogged soils, which rarely face water scarcity. Future approaches to evaluate the potential effectiveness of NbS should recognize the spatial variability in their performance. This variability should inform the type and location of NbS to increase their overall effectiveness.
Marine Heatwaves in the Mediterranean Sea: A Convolutional Neural Network study for extreme event prediction
Authors: Parasyris Antonios , Metheniti Vassiliki , Kampanis Nikolaos , Darmaraki Sofia
Published: January 2025

Abstract. In recent decades, the Mediterranean Sea has experienced a notable rise in the occurrence and intensity of extreme warm temperature events, referred to as Marine Heatwaves (MHWs). Hence, the ability to forecast Mediterranean MHWs in the short term is an area of ongoing research. Here, we introduce a novel machine learning (ML) approach, specifically tailored for short-term predictions of MHWs in the basin, using an Attention U-Net Convolutional Neural Network. Trained on daily Sea Surface Temperature anomalies and gridded fields of MHW presence and absence between 1982–2017, our model generates a spatiotemporal forecast of MHW occurrence up to 7 days in advance. To ensure robust performance, we explore various configurations, including different forecast horizons and U-net architectures, number of input days, features, and different subset splits of train-test datasets. Comparative analysis against a Persistence benchmark reveals that our model outperforms the benchmark across both forecast horizons. For the 7-day forecast, the model achieves a 15 % improvement in forecasting accuracy of MHW presence over the Persistence, while for the 3-day forecast, this improvement percentage drops to 4.5 %. Notably, the discrepancy between our model and the benchmark narrows for shorter horizons, as the Persistence method also achieves high accuracy in the 3-day forecast. Our proposed ML methodology offers a data-driven alternative for MHWs prediction with reduced computational requirements, which can be applied across different regions of the global ocean, providing relevant stakeholders and management authorities with essential lead time for implementing effective mitigation strategies.
Chaotic oceanic excitation of low-frequency polar motion variability
Authors: Börger Lara , Schindelegger Michael , Zhao Mengnan , Ponte Rui M. , Löcher Anno , Uebbing Bernd , Molines Jean-Marc , Penduff Thierry
Published: January 2025

Abstract. Studies of Earth rotation variations generally assume that changes in non-tidal oceanic angular momentum (OAM) manifest the ocean's direct response to atmospheric forces. However, fluctuations in OAM may also arise from chaotic intrinsic ocean processes that originate in local nonlinear (e.g., mesoscale) dynamics and can map into motions and mass variations at basin scales. To examine whether such random mass redistributions effectively excite polar motion, we compute monthly OAM anomalies from a 50-member ensemble of eddy-permitting global ocean/sea ice simulations that sample intrinsic variability through a perturbation approach on model initial conditions. The resulting OAM (i.e., excitation) functions, χ^O, are examined for their spread, spectral content, and role in the polar motion excitation budget from 1995 to 2015. We find that intrinsic χ^O signals are comparable in magnitude to the forced component at all resolved periods except the seasonal band, amounting to ∼ 46 % of the total oceanic excitation (in terms of standard deviation) on interannual timescales. More than half of the variance in the intrinsic mass term contribution to χ^O is associated with a single global mode of random bottom pressure variability, likely generated by nonlinear dynamics in the Drake Passage. Comparisons of observed interannual polar motion excitation against the sum of known surficial mass redistribution effects are sensitive to the representation of intrinsic χ^O signals: reductions in the observed excitation variance can be as high as 68 % or as low as 50 % depending on the choice of the ensemble member. Chaotic oceanic excitation thus emerges as a new factor to consider when interpreting low-frequency polar motion changes in terms of core–mantle interactions or employing forward-modeled OAM estimates for Earth rotation predictions.
Materials for Selective Lithium Extraction from Concentrated Brines: Lithium Ion Sieves
Authors:   , Freeney Richard
Published: January 2025

This thesis investigated the development and use of lithium-ion sieves as means to extract lithium from brine. The lithium-ion sieves developed as part of this thesis were titanium based and previously unrecorded in literature. The titanium-based lithium-ion sieves developed showed a high lithium capacity and were able to selectively absorb lithium over other cations commonly found in brine. The process of regenerating the lithium-ion sieve and reclaiming the lithium was also investigated and improved. The regeneration process developed showed that by controlling the pH of the process titanium leaching was minimised.
Business Development in Georgia in the Context of Globalization
Authors:   Akaki Tsereteli State University, Georgia, Shanidze Goderdzi
Published: January 2025

Business development in the modern world is actively influenced by globalization processes. This process involves deepening economic, technological and cultural integration, which directly affects the business environment of different countries. In Georgia, as a small and open economy, the impact of globalization is particularly noticeable, as international trade, investments and technologies play an important role in the country's economic growth and development.

In the context of globalization, Georgia's business sector faces both new opportunities and significant challenges. Opportunities include access to global markets, the introduction of innovative technologies, and cooperation with international partners. At the same time, challenges include international competition, regulatory compliance, and dependence on external economic factors.

The aim of the article is to analyze how globalization processes affect business development in Georgia, what trends have emerged in recent years, and what are the main adaptation strategies of the business sector. The study will also focus on discussing the negative and positive impacts of globalization in order to create a clear picture of the opportunities and problems facing Georgia.
Challenges of implementation of artificial intelligence program in the state electricity system of Georgia
Authors:   East European University, Georgia, Magradze Tinatin , Bibilashvili Lili
Published: January 2025

The field of artificial intelligence offers many opportunities and challenges. A revolutionary transformation is taking place around the world and is changing established processes and traditional models. The energy sector is not an exception. Today, conventional power grid is used in Georgian State electro system and is planned to introduce a smart grid in the future. Also, the company considers to replace the existing remedial action scheme with an artificial intelligence-based, “Autonomous RAS” program. It is important to reveal the views of the employees of Georgian State electro system and discuss their attitudes towards artificial intelligence programs, as well as to determine the factors that affect the implementation and development of the mentioned programs.

According to results most of the employees have a positive attitude towards artificial intelligence programs and believe they will be beneficial for both the industry and the country in the future. The reasons for the positive attitude were considered to be knowledge of digital technologies at the basic level, perceived benefits by the staff, such as improved efficiency and forecasting capabilities, also reliability and accuracy of artificial intelligence programs. The reasons for the negative attitude were considered to be the fear of losing jobs, the use of artificial intelligence programs for undesirable purposes, the violation of confidentiality. The results also revealed that employee attitudes can significantly affect the implementation of artificial intelligence programs. A positive attitude can lead to enthusiastic acceptance of programs and increased productivity, the negative one will cause resistance, delays, or non-optimal use of artificial intelligence programs.
Progress on CRISPR -Cas9 Gene Editing Technology in Sickle cell disease: A Review
Authors: Wada Umar Bello , Nath Shanti , Zeeshan Mohammad , Sharma Kushiram , Joshi Yogesh
Published: January 2025

Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats (CRISPR)-Cas9 system as a method of Gene editing possess a broad range of applications for genetic modification, diagnosis and treatment for curing non-infectious (such as the Sickle cell disease) as well as infectious diseases. Initially identified in bacteria and archaea to fight plasmids' DNA and/or bacteriophage infecting bacteria. Cas9 and gRNA forms a complex to target and cleave the desired gene, providing defense (adaptive immunity) against viral infections to the host, also allow bacteria to recognize genetic sequences using specialized enzymes or CRISPR-associated proteins (Cas), including the DNA endonuclease, Cas9 systems (Molecular scissors). In this review we focus on the use of CRISPR/Cas9 gene-editing for curing Sickle cell disease (SCD), including the curative correction of SCD mutation in β-globin (HBB) and the induction of fetal hemoglobin to reverse sickling, that culminates with Casgevy and Lyfgenia Gene therapy approval by US Food and Drug Administration and UK Medicines and Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency. We summarize the major achievements and challenges, aiming to provide a clearer perspective on the potential of gene-editing based approaches in curing SCD using Prime editors to minimize off-target effect, cellular toxicity of delivery systems and durability as well as making it accessible and affordable to the low-income countries with highest prevalence in sickle cell disease.

Keywords: CRISPR -CAS9, Gene Editing Technology, Sickle cell disease, Cure affordability
Biomechanics in Implant Prosthodontics: Principles for Optimal Design and Function
Authors: Madani Khairiah Adel , Alljarallah Abdulaziz Abduallah , Alnasser Faten Abdullah , Alfuraih Mnhal Khalid , Al-Mutairi Abdullah Hamad , Barayan Raed Mohammed
Published: January 2025

Recent advancements in dental implantology have significantly transformed the field, accommodating both clinicians' aesthetic demands and rising patient expectations. Various implant designs now exist, differing in shape, surface, and size, requiring clinicians to meticulously evaluate each option based on biomechanical principles tailored to individual patient anatomy. Biomechanics, which examines mechanical principles in relation to biological issues, is essential for the success of dental implants. It involves the transfer of loads from the implant to surrounding bone tissues, requiring a deep understanding of how these forces impact the bone-implant interface. Differences in the biomechanical behaviour between natural teeth and implants underscore the need for specialized approaches to implant placement and design to manage stress distribution effectively and prevent overload. Innovations in implant surface treatments and loading protocols further contribute to enhancing implant integration and longevity. This detailed study, based on a thorough review of literature and clinical data, discusses the biomechanical interactions and their impact on the optimal functionality and longevity of implants.
Classification and Most Common Causative Organisms in Gingivitis
Authors: Aldosere Hend Abdullah , Bin Libdah Sadeem Mohammed , Khayat Roua Fouad , Algallaf Lamees Jawad , Al Habib Bshair Abdulmonaim , Alzahrani Wijdan Hassan
Published: January 2025

Gingivitis, a reversible periodontal disease inflammation of the gingiva, is primarily caused by dental plaque and can progress to more severe periodontal diseases if left untreated. This review classifies gingivitis and identifies the most common causative organisms. Plaque-induced gingivitis is typically caused by bacterial biofilms containing species such as Streptococcus, Actinomyces, and gram-negative anaerobes like Porphyromonas gingivalis. Non-plaque-induced gingivitis can arise from genetic or developmental abnormalities, bacterial, viral, and fungal infections, Inflammatory or immune conditions, and reactive processes. Necrotizing periodontal diseases and specific bacterial infections, such as those caused by Treponema pallidum, and viral infections, including herpes simplex virus and human papillomavirus, play significant roles. Fungal infections like candidosis also contribute. Autoimmune disorders such as pemphigus vulgaris along with reactive processes like epulides, are notable non-plaque-induced gingivitis causes. Understanding these classifications and causative organisms is critical for developing effective preventive and therapeutic strategies.
STUDY ON NUTRIENT LOSSES IN THE STANDARD EROSION CONTROL PLOTS FROM PREAJBA EXPERIMENTAL POINT, GORJ
Authors: CHIURCIU Irina-Adriana , DANA Daniela , KROGSTAD Tore , CHEREJI Aurelia Ioana , VOICU Valentina , FIRATOIU Andreea Roxana
Published: January 2025

Recent studies highlight that controlling nutrient emissions from agricultural sources remains one of the most pressing environmental challenges in safeguarding water bodies. The excessive release of nutrients, particularly nitrogen and phosphorus, can lead to the eutrophication of aquatic ecosystems, disrupting water quality and biodiversity. In this context, the present study focuses on the systematic monitoring of agrochemical soil indicators in designated standard plots at the Preajba experimental point in Gorj County. The primary objective is to evaluate and control nutrient losses originating from agricultural practices, with a particular emphasis on understanding the dynamics of nutrient mobility along different topographical positions. Two soil profiles were established for this purpose: one located at the top of the slope and the other at its base. This setup allows for a comprehensive assessment of nutrient losses influenced by slope position, providing critical insights into erosion-driven nutrient transport and soil fertility dynamics. The findings aim to inform sustainable soil and nutrient management practices tailored to mitigate environmental impacts while supporting agricultural productivity.
Requiem
Authors: Carmody Teresa
Published: January 2025

Requiem by Teresa Carmody is a "folk opera, a lament for the unexamined life," writes editor and author David Ulin in his Introduction. In this short collection of fiction, a lonely man plainchants for the waitress he once stalked, a sonless father serenades a fatherless son, and a bereft family gathers to bury a parent, providing an aching chorus of what is left. Carmody uses Biblical language to pierce the callous and bruised souls of these lost, and sometimes found, small-town Michiganders. In her raw spare stories, novelist, essayist, and poet Carol Muske-Dukes writes that Carmody creates in her raw, spare stories, “a voice out of the backyard burning bush, a Midwest scriptural mist: frank, fierce and fidgety, and most emphatically her own.”
Oral manifestations and hemoglobin level in children with subclinical hypothyroidism
Authors: Idan Hayder Mahdi , Tofiq Saif Hakeem
Published: January 2025

Background: Subclinical hypothyroidism (SH), or so-called mild thyroid failure, is analyzed when serum thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) levels are beyond the highest limit of the reference range whereas free T4 concentrations are normal.

Aim of the Study: Determine delayed tooth eruption and hemoglobin levels in children with SH.

Methods: Case control study was directed amongst 120 children with age not exceed than 12 years old in Diyala governorate. Thyroid function, hemoglobin level, and a common oral manifestation in children with SH were evaluated to find an association between them and compared with healthy children. Children who have SH, after experiencing thyroid tests, have their mouths examined and their hemoglobin levels inspected; after receiving ethical clearance, informed consent was obtained from the relatives of participants.

Results: Concerning patients (first group), which is comprised of 100 children with SH, control (second group) comprises of 20 children without SH. The delayed eruption of teeth was (7%) in SH children statistically showed a highly significant association. Level of TSH in the children with SH group was statistically highly significant increased as compared with the control group with Mean ± SE (8.93 ± 0.32) versus Mean ± SE (1.84 ± 0.25). In addition, a highly significant association existed when compared the control group and children with SH concerning hemoglobin level, with Mean ± SE (13.09 ± 0.14) versus Mean ± SE (10.89 ± 0.19).

Conclusion: Low level of hemoglobin and high prevalence of delayed tooth eruption were detected in children with SH compared to non-diseased control group.