bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Enhancing students' agency in learning anatomy vocabulary with a formative intervention design
Authors: Ritchie Helen E. , Yang Hongzhi , Hegedus Elizabeth
Published: May 2024

One of the major challenges for health science students is the rapid acquisition of a new vocabulary in anatomy comprising several hundred new words. Research has shown that vocabulary learning can be improved when students are directed to vocabulary strategies. This paper reported a study with a formative intervention design inspired by Vygotsky's method of double stimulation. In this design, the students were put in a structured situation that invited them to identify the challenges in learning anatomy and then provided them with active guidance and a range of anatomy vocabulary learning strategies that scaffolded them to work out a solution to the challenge and develop their individualized anatomy learning resources. The data were collected from surveys, pre and postquiz results, and group discussion transcripts. The results revealed students perceived one of the main challenges in learning anatomy was learning, memorizing, and remembering many new words. A key finding in our study was that the formative intervention enhanced students' agency in creating resources for learning anatomy vocabulary. In addition, the development of their understanding showed a recursive form: from concrete experiences to abstract concepts and then to concrete new practices.
ProgEdu4Web: An automated assessment tool for motivating the learning of web programming course
Authors: Duong Hoang‐Thanh , Chen Hsi‐Min
Published: May 2024

The expanding software industry has increased the demand for proficient programming professionals. However, more than technical expertise is needed for successful software development; code quality assurance and effective teamwork are also indispensable. Unfortunately, recent graduates often exhibit deficiencies in programming, code quality assurance, and teamwork skills, highlighting the need for improvements in these areas. In response to these challenges, this study presents ProgEdu4Web, an innovative Automated Programming Assessment System designed to evaluate code quality and teamwork proficiency in web programming. The system integrates automatic source code evaluation tools for static code analysis, ensuring timely feedback on coding quality issues. To assess the effectiveness of ProgEdu4Web, a questionnaire and hypothesis model was employed, surveying a cohort of 111 students enrolled in web programming classes. The study's findings demonstrate that the system significantly alleviated instructor workload while motivating students to enhance their web programming with good code quality and teamwork abilities.
Soccer match broadcast video analysis method based on detection and tracking
Authors: Li Hongyu , Yang Meng , Yang Chao , Kang Jianglang , Suo Xiang , Meng Weiliang , Li Zhen , Mao Lijuan , Sheng Bin , Qi Jun
Published: May 2024

We propose a comprehensive soccer match video analysis pipeline tailored for broadcast footage, which encompasses three pivotal stages: soccer field localization, player tracking, and soccer ball detection. Firstly, we introduce sports camera calibration to seamlessly map soccer field images from match videos onto a standardized two‐dimensional soccer field template. This addresses the challenge of consistent analysis across video frames amid continuous camera angle changes. Secondly, given challenges such as occlusions, high‐speed movements, and dynamic camera perspectives, obtaining accurate position data for players and the soccer ball is non‐trivial. To mitigate this, we curate a large‐scale, high‐precision soccer ball detection dataset and devise a robust detection model, which achieved the of 80.9%. Additionally, we develop a high‐speed, efficient, and lightweight tracking model to ensure precise player tracking. Through the integration of these modules, our pipeline focuses on real‐time analysis of the current camera lens content during matches, facilitating rapid and accurate computation and analysis while offering intuitive visualizations.
Controlled cell proliferation and immortalization of human dental pulp stem cells with a doxycycline‐inducible expression system
Authors: Orimoto Ai , Addison William N. , Mochizuki Shinichi , Ariyoshi Wataru , Ono Kentaro , Kitamura Chiaki , Kiyono Tohru , Fukuda Tomokazu
Published: May 2024

Human dental pulp stem cells are a potentially useful resource for cell‐based therapies and tissue repair in dental and medical applications. However, the primary culture of isolated dental pulp stem cells has notably been limited. A major requirement of an ideal human dental pulp stem cell culture system is the preservation of efficient proliferation and innate stemness over prolonged passaging, while also ensuring ease of handling through standard, user‐friendly culture methods. In this study, we have engineered a novel human dental pulp stem cell line, distinguished by the constitutive expression of telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT), and the conditional expression of the R24C mutant cyclin‐dependent kinase 4 (CDK4R24C) and Cyclin D1. We have named this cell line Tet‐off K4DT hDPSCs. Furthermore, we have conducted a comprehensive comparative analysis of their biological attributes in relation to a previously immortalized human dental pulp stem cells, hDPSC‐K4DT, which were immortalized by the constitutive expression of CDK4R24C, Cyclin D1 and TERT. In Tet‐off K4DT cells, the expression of the K4D genes can be precisely suppressed by the inclusion of doxycycline. Remarkably, Tet‐off K4DT cells demonstrated an extended cellular lifespan, increased proliferative capacity, and enhanced osteogenic differentiation potential when compared to K4DT cells. Moreover, Tet‐off K4DT cells had no observable genomic aberrations and also displayed a sustained expression of stem cell markers even at relatively advanced passages. Taken together, the establishment of this new cell line holds immense promise as powerful experimental tool for both fundamental and applied research involving dental pulp stem cells.
An exploratory study on the effect of kynurenine metabolites on sEnd‐2 endothelioma cells
Authors: Nkandeu Danielle Sandra , Joubert Anna Margaretha , Serem June Cheptoo , Bipath Priyesh , Hlophe Yvette Nkondo
Published: May 2024

Cancer is the second leading cause of mortality worldwide. The development of anticancer therapy plays a crucial role in mitigating tumour progression and metastasis. Epithelioid hemangioendothelioma is a very rare cancer, however, with a high systemic involvement. Kynurenine metabolites which include l‐kynurenine, 3‐hydroxykynurenine, 3‐hydroxyanthranilic acid and quinolinic acid have been shown to inhibit T‐cell proliferation resulting in a decrease in cell growth of natural killer cells and T cells. Furthermore, metabolites such as 
l‐kynurenine have been shown to inhibit proliferation of melanoma cells in vitro. Considering these metabolite properties, the present study aimed to explore the in vitro effects of 
l‐kynurenine, quinolinic acid and kynurenic acid on endothelioma sEnd‐2 cells and on endothelial (EA. hy926 cells) (control cell line). The in vitro effect at 24, 48, and 72 h exposure to a range of 1−4 mM of the respective kynurenine metabolites on the two cell lines in terms of cell morphology, cell cycle progression and induction of apoptosis was assessed. The half inhibitory concentration (IC50), as determined using nonlinear regression, for 
l‐kynurenine, quinolinic acid and kynurenic acid was 9.17, 15.56, and 535.40 mM, respectively. Optical transmitted light differential interference contrast and hematoxylin and eosin staining revealed cells blocked in metaphase, formation of apoptotic bodies and compromised cell density in 
l‐kynurenine‐treated cells. A statistically significant increase in the number of cells present in the sub‐G1 phase was observed in 
l‐kynurenine‐treated sample. To our knowledge, this was the first in vitro study conducted to investigate the mechanism of action of kynurenine metabolites on endothelioma sEnd‐2 cells. It can be concluded that 
l‐kynurenine exerts an antiproliferative effect on the endothelioma sEnd‐2 cell line by decreasing cell growth and proliferation as well as a metaphase block. These hallmarks suggest cell death via apoptosis. Further research will be conducted on 
l‐kynurenine to assess the effect on cell adhesion in vitro and in vivo as cell‐cell adhesion has been shown to increase metastasis to distant organs therefore, the inhibition of adhesion may lead to a decrease in metastasis.
Non‐isothermal Thermogravimetric Analysis of Peltophorum pterocarpum and Evaluation of Kinetic Triplet
Authors: Thejaswini Narra , Annapureddy P. K. R. , Kishore Nanda
Published: May 2024

The primary focus of the twenty‐first century has been on developing new and cleaner fuels from renewable sources. The increasing availability of renewable energy sources in environment, such as lignocellulosic biomass derived from agricultural and forest residues, has created a plethora of opportunities for biofuel production. For this purpose, the search for appropriate waste biomass source and the design of suitable reactors are very essential, where the latter requires the knowledge of kinetic triplets. These requirements paved the way to the novelty of the present work as a selection of a rarely used biomass source, that is, Peltophorum pterocarpum, and its non‐isothermal thermogravimetric analysis for the evaluation of kinetic triplet of the process. The range of temperature is 298–1173 K attained at heating rates of 10–55 K min−1. Kinetics were estimated using differential Friedman method (DFM), distributed activation energy method (DAEM), Ozawa–Flynn–Wall (OFW), Kissinger–Akahira–Sunose (KAS), and Starink (STK) models. Mean activation energy (kJ mol−1) and pre‐exponential factor (min−1) of pyrolysis process by five models were 183.68 and 1.24 × 1017 for DAEM, 194.28 and 3.08 × 1021 for DFM, 183.68 and 4.40 × 1016 for KAS, 184.12 and 2.12 × 1014 for OFW, and 183.93 and 3.56 × 1016 for STK. Average values of changes in Gibbs free energy, enthalpy, and entropy by five models are 174 kJ mol−1, 178 kJ mol−1, and 0.007 kJ mol−1 K−1, respectively. Criado's master plots revealed distinct reaction pathways during the process for different conversion levels.
Metal‐Organic Frameworks (MOFs) and Metal‐Organic Cages (MOCs) for Photocatalytic Hydrogen Production.
Authors: Mu Chaoqun , Jian Shijin , Zhang Mingming
Published: May 2024

Metal‐organic frameworks (MOFs) and metal‐organic cages (MOCs) have garnered significant attention as promising photocatalysts due to their tunable chemical structures and integrated multifunctionality. To increase the photocatalytic efficiency, strategies like ligand functionalization, introducing additional catalytic sites, and doping or encapsulating photosensitizers have been explored for both MOFs and MOCs. This concept review focuses on recent advancements in utilizing MOFs and MOCs for photocatalytic hydrogen production, highlighting their unique characteristics and introducing their respective mechanisms in this field. Moreover, it outlines the current challenges and prospects faced by MOFs and MOCs, offering an outlook on their future in this domain.
Trans‐Concerted Addition to Alkynes: the case of Ynamide Silylzincation
Authors: Guégan Frédéric , Chemla Fabrice , Ferreira Franck , Gérard Hélène , Perez‐Luna Alejandro , Halbert Stéphanie
Published: May 2024

An original concerted antarafacial mechanism for the addition of diorganosilyl‐zinc reagents across the C−C triple bond of ynamides is computationally investigated using DFT calculations. This concerted mechanism, leading to a trans‐product in only one step, results in the formation of a Si−C and a Zn−C σ‐bond on opposite sides of the π‐system. We demonstrate that the mechanism going through a η2‐vinyl intermediate and the proposal of a radical chain pathway are energetically unsustainable. The retained concerted antarafacial pathway is tested on experimental selectivities: the regioselectivity, in favor of the silyl β‐addition in ynamide, and stereoselectivity, which is cis‐ with (Me2PhSi)2Zn but trans‐ with [(Me3Si)3Si]2Zn, are well reproduced by DFT calculations. The regio‐ and stereoselectivity are discussed using the activation strain model and a chemical bonding analysis.
Enantioselective liquid–liquid extraction of 2‐cyclohexylmandelic acid enantiomers using chiral ionic liquids
Authors: Luo Yachun , Deng Xiaoyu , Zhang Yan , Sun Genlin , Yan Zhihong
Published: May 2024

Obtaining optically pure compounds in an eco‐friendly and cost‐efficient manner plays an important role in human health and pharmaceutical industry. Racemic separation using multistage stereoselective liquid–liquid extraction has become one of the most practical and effective approach to access homochiral enantiomers. Currently, chiral ionic liquids (CILs) with structural designability have become a promising chiral additive and enable them as adjustable candidates for racemic separation. Herein, a high‐effective stereoselective liquid–liquid extraction process composed of imidazolium cations and amino acid‐derived anions as the chiral additive was established for racemic 2‐cyclohexylmandelic acid (CHMA) separation. We have systematically investigated the choice of organic solvent, concentration of CIL, extraction temperature, and the pH of aqueous phase. For three‐stage stereoselective extraction, the maximum enantiomeric excess (e.e.) for CHMA was reached up to 40.6%. Furthermore, the mechanism of steric effect and stereoselective capacity between the CILs and racemic CHMA was discussed and simulated. We envision that the work will facilitate the development of CILs in multistage liquid–liquid extraction and promote the large‐scale production of optically pure enantiomers.
Interfacing DNA and Aptamers with Gold Nanoparticles: From Fundamental Colloid and Interface Sciences to Biosensors
Authors: Ding Yuzhe , Liu Juewen
Published: May 2024

Comprehensive Summary

Interfacing DNA oligonucleotides and DNA aptamers with gold nanoparticles has generated numerous functional hybrid materials for sensing, self‐assembly and drug delivery applications. Our lab has been working in this area for 15 years. In this article, the current understanding of the adsorption of DNA to gold nanoparticles is summarized, and related applications in bioconjugation of DNA to gold surface is described. In addition, problems of using gold nanoparticles to signaling aptamer binding are discussed. Finally, re‐selection of aptamers for previously reported targets using the library‐immobilization method is reviewed.

What is the most favorite and original chemistry developed in your research group?

My most favorite and original work is the study of biointerface chemistry between DNA oligonucleotides and gold nanoparticles enabling rapid DNA bioconjugation by lowering the pH and freezing.

How do you get into this specific field? Could you please share some experiences with our readers?

My PhD training was focused on catalytic DNA for the detection of metal ions, when I used gold nanoparticles to signal the reactions catalyzed by DNA. When I started my independent career in the University of Waterloo in 2009, I realized that there were many fundamental issues regarding gold nanoparticles and DNA to be studied. My first teaching assignment was a course named ‘Surfaces and Interfaces’. By teaching this course, I learned a lot of surface science concepts that were later used in my research. That was the starting point for me to set up my own research program in this area.

What is the most important personality for scientific research?

Curiosity, careful observation, critical thinking, and keep trying.

How do you keep balance between research and family?

Research and personal life don’t have to be always in conflict. New ideas may spark when I am in a relaxed family environment.

What are your favorite journals?

Journal of the American Chemical Society, Angewandte Chemie International Edition, Nucleic Acids Research, Analytical Chemistry, Langmuir.

What are your hobbies?

Running; traveling; watching movies.
Acquisition of Resistance to PEGylated Branched Polyethylenimine Increases Pseudomonas Aeruginosa Susceptibility to Aminoglycosides
Authors: Best William , Ferrell Maya , Boris Andrew , Heydarian Neda , Panlilio Hannah , Rice Charles V.
Published: May 2024

PEGylated branched polyethylenimine (PEG‐BPEI) has antibacterial and antibiofilm properties. Exposure to PEG‐BPEI through serial passage leads to resistant P. aeruginosa strains. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 600 Da BPEI and PEGylated 600 Da BPEI (PEG‐BPEI) in the wild‐type PAO1 strain is 16 μg/ml while, after 15 serial passages, the MIC increased to 1024 μg/mL. An additional 15 rounds of serial passage in the absence of BPEI or PEG‐BPEI did not change the 1024 μg/mL MIC. Gentamicin, Neomycin, and Tobramycin, cationic antibiotics that inhibit protein synthesis, have a 16–32 fold reduction of MIC values in PEG350‐BPEI resistant strains, suggesting increased permeation. The influx of these antibiotics occurs using a self‐mediated uptake mechanism, suggesting changes to the outer membrane Data show that resistance causes changes in genes related to outer membrane lipopolysaccharide (LPS) assembly. Mutations were noted in the gene coding for the polymerase Wzy that participates in the assembly of the O‐antigen region. Other mutations were noted with wbpE and wbpI of the Wbp pathway responsible for the enzymatic synthesis of ManNAc(3NAc)A in the LPS of P. aeruginosa. These changes suggest that an altered gene product could lead to PEG‐BPEI resistance. Nevertheless, the increased susceptibility to aminoglycosides could prevent the emergence of PEG‐BPEI resistant bacterial populations.
Inhibiting the Aggregation of Aβ by Natural Product Molecules
Authors: Bai Si‐Cong , Wang Ye‐Cheng , Li Xin‐Zhong , Li Gao
Published: May 2024

The abnormal aggregation of Aβ has been considered one of the primary causative factors for Alzheimer's disease. Diverse molecular entities have been developed to mitigate the formation of toxic Aβ aggregates within the brain by inhibiting Aβ aggregation. Recognizing that many FDA‐approved drugs are derived from natural products, we present a summary of recent discoveries involving natural product molecules with inhibitory effects on Aβ aggregation. By consolidating these findings, our review offers researchers a concise overview of the latest advancements in natural product‐based interventions for Alzheimer's disease.
Early histological transformation of follicular lymphoma to diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma indicating adverse survival: A population‐based analysis and validation
Authors: Li Zi‐Hua , Zhang Min‐Yue , Federico Massimo , Civallero Monica , Manni Martina , Alonso‐Alvarez Sara , Hou Jian , Huang Hong‐Hui
Published: May 2024

Introduction

The histological transformation (HT) of follicular lymphoma (FL) is a crucial biological event. The study aimed to evaluate the incidence, clinicial characteristics, prognosis and impact of HT time on survival of FL transforming to diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma in population‐based large‐scale cohorts.

Methods

A retrospective cohort study of FL with HT was performed in the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database. The Hematological Malignancy Research Network FL cohort and Aristotle study FL cohort were used to assess the external validity.

Results

Among 44,127 FL cases from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database, 1311 cases were pathology‐proven recorded to transform to diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma. The cumulative rates of HT at 5, 10, and 15 years after FL diagnosis were estimated to be 1.19%, 2.93%, and 5.01%, respectively. Significantly worse overall survival and cancer‐specific survival were exhibited in patients with HT than those without HT. Early HT (transformation of FL within 48 months after FL diagnosis [TOD48]) was an independent predictor for adverse overall survival of HT patients, regardless of treatment modalities before transformation. The adverse prognostic effect of TOD48 was validated in the Hematological Malignancy Research Network cohort and Aristotle study cohort. Older age (>75 years) and B symptoms within FL at diagnosis were the independent risk factors of TOD48. Furthermore, a novel prognostic model combining TOD48 with Follicular Lymphoma International Prognostic Index (TOD48‐FLIPI) was constructed and validated for risk stratification.

Conclusion

TOD48 was a risk indicator of HT, and the novel prognostic model "TOD48‐FLIPI" for HT patients was proposed.
A six‐year comprehensive review of eye cytology cases received at a tertiary level hospital
Authors: Connelly Courtney F. , Desai Niyati , Cimic Adela , Gonzalez Abel A. , Baskota Swikrity Upadhyay
Published: May 2024

Background

Ocular cytology is an effective method of diagnosing infective, benign, and malignant ocular disease processes due to easy accessibility and rapid turnaround time. However, these specimens pose significant diagnostic challenges due to rarity of the specimen type, sparse diagnostic material available for ancillary workup, and unfamiliarity of the diagnostic entities by the cytopathologist.

Methods

This study conducted a 6‐year comprehensive review of 65 eye cytology cases received at a tertiary level hospital. Cytopathologic diagnoses of “negative for malignancy” and “atypical” were categorized as negative findings (70.8%, n = 46) and diagnoses of “suspicious for malignancy” and “positive for malignancy” were categorized as positive findings (23.1%, n = 15). A 44.6% (n = 29) of cases had subsequent histopathology and/or flow cytometry diagnoses. Premalignant and malignant lesions detected on histopathology were considered as significant findings. Statistical analysis was performed to evaluate the concordance of ocular cytology with associated histopathology and/or flow cytometry diagnoses.

Results

The accuracy of final cytology‐histopathology and/or cytology‐flow cytometry diagnoses in this cohort of cases is 86.2%. The sensitivity and specificity of ocular diagnosis by cytology are 66.6% and 100%, respectively. The positive and negative predictive values of ocular diagnosis by cytology are 100% and 80.9%, respectively.

Conclusion

Ocular cytology is a fast, effective, and sensitive method for diagnosing ocular pathology specimens. Familiarity with these specimen types by cytopathologists can help in diagnosing ocular diseases effectively on small, challenging cytologic preparations.
Hydrological changes in a plain basin in central Argentina following expansion of rainfed agriculture and climate change
Authors: Guerra Juan Carlos , Nosetto Marcelo Daniel
Published: May 2024

The characterization of long‐term streamflow in regions undergoing climatic change and agricultural expansion is relevant for achieving sustainable development goals and for assessing the vulnerability of water‐dependent populations and agricultural activities. The objective of this work was to characterize the temporal patterns of water yield in the plain basin of the Carcarañá River (33,063 km2), located in central Argentina and to analyse its relationship with a fast expansion of rainfed cultivation and climate change. The streamflow data for the period 1980–2020 were analysed in conjunction with climatic data (rainfall, reference evapotranspiration), satellite data (NDVI) and cropping statistics (sown area of summer crops) data. The annual water yield averaged ~10% of the rainfall and showed a clear upward trend throughout the study period, both in absolute terms and relative to rainfall (i.e., runoff coefficient), which was not explained by rainfall or reference evapotranspiration temporal patterns. Conversely, we found that the trend in water yield was positively associated with the agricultural area (p < 0.05), which more than doubled during the study period (from 29% to 66%). Likewise, the mean NDVI of the basin, a proxy for primary productivity and vegetation transpiration, has decreased steadily over the last 20 years (p < 0.05). The separation between base flow and quick flow suggested that both flows increased during the analysed period (p < 0.05), though the latter would have been more relevant in explaining the trend observed in total flow. Taken together, our results suggest that agricultural expansion, rather than climate change, is the dominant factor explaining the hydrological changes observed in the study basin. Understanding the key role of land use in shaping the hydrology of a landscape is critical to developing policies and practices for more efficient and sustainable use of environmental resources.
Revisiting the success of co‐management in forest protected areas of Bangladesh: Untangling the interplay of power, participation, and community empowerment
Authors: Baten Mohammed Abdul
Published: May 2024

This narrative review critically assesses the implementation and purported success of co‐management in forest management in Bangladesh. Co‐management has gained global popularity, celebrated for its participatory approach to natural resource conflict resolution, yet critiqued for potential design flaws, susceptibility to elite capture, and perpetuating power imbalances in predominantly top‐down management cultures. Despite two decades of application and reports of positive outcomes in managing forest protected areas of Bangladesh, concerns persist regarding the authenticity of its success and sustainability, particularly in terms of power dynamics and effective community participation in decision‐making processes. The review delves into these aspects, revealing instances where successes might be superficial, overlooking the underlying issues of power disparity among stakeholders. It highlights the crucial role of enhancing social capital within co‐management frameworks to foster institutionalization and sustainability. Recommendations include advancing robust collaboration and communication, alongside the adoption of adaptive management practices to navigate the complex interplay of natural, social, and institutional challenges.
Prognostic impact of plasma volume status during hospital admission in patients with acute decompensated heart failure
Authors: Hoshika Yu , Kubota Yoshiaki , Nishino Takuya , Shiomura Reiko , Shibuya Junsuke , Nakata Jun , Miyachi Hideki , Tara Shuhei , Iwasaki Yu‐Ki , Yamamoto Takeshi , Asai Kuniya
Published: May 2024

Aims

Plasma volume status (PVS), a measure of plasma volume, has been evaluated as a prognostic marker for chronic heart failure. Although the prognostic value of PVS has been reported, its significance in patients with acute decompensated heart failure (ADHF) admitted to the cardiovascular intensive care unit (CICU) remains unclear. In this study, we examined the relationship between PVS and long‐term mortality in patients with ADHF admitted to the CICU.

Methods

Between January 2018 and December 2020, 363 consecutive patients with ADHF were admitted to the Nippon Medical School Hospital CICU. Of the 363 patients, 206 (mean age, 74.9 ± 12.9 years; men, 64.6%) were enrolled in this study. Patients who received red blood cell transfusions, underwent dialysis, were discharged from the CICU or died in the hospital were excluded from the study. We measured the PVS of the patients at admission, transfer to the general ward (GW) and discharge using the Kaplan–Hakim formula. The patients were assigned to four groups according to the quartiles of their PVS measured at each of the three abovementioned timepoints. We examined the association between PVS and all‐cause mortality during the observation period (1134 days). The primary endpoint of this study was all‐cause mortality.

Results

The Kaplan–Meier analysis showed that the high PVS group had a significantly higher mortality rate at admission, transfer to the GW and discharge than the other groups (log‐rank test: P = 0.016, P = 0.005 and P < 0.001, respectively). Univariate Cox regression analysis showed that age, body mass index, history of heart failure, use of beta‐blockers, albumin level, blood urea nitrogen level, N‐terminal pro‐brain natriuretic peptide level and left ventricular ejection fraction were significantly different among the PVS groups and thus were not significant prognostic factors for ADHF. Furthermore, the multivariate analysis revealed that PVS at discharge [hazard ratio (HR) = 1.06 (1.00–1.12), P = 0.048] was an independent poor prognostic factor for ADHF.

Conclusions

This study highlights the effect of PVS measured at different timepoints on the prognoses of ADHF patients. Regular assessment of PVS, particularly at discharge, is crucial for optimising patient management and achieving favourable outcomes in cases of ADHF.
Phase Separation of ϵ‐Fe2O3 and BaFe12O19 in a Synthesis Combining Reverse‐Micelle and Sol‐Gel Techniques
Authors: MacDougall Jessica , Tokoro Hiroko , Yoshikiyo Marie , Namai Asuka , Ohkoshi Shin‐ichi
Published: May 2024

Epsilon iron oxide (ϵ‐Fe2O3) and magnetoplumbite barium ferrite (BaFe12O19) are well‐known hard ferrites. For one synthesis method of ϵ‐Fe2O3, combining reverse‐micelle and sol‐gel techniques, Ba ions are used to accelerate the formation of nanorod‐shaped ϵ‐Fe2O3. On the other hand, in synthesis of BaFe12O19 both Ba and Fe ions are used to form the final product. However, the coexistence of these two ferrites has not been reported by any synthesis. Herein, we investigated the effect of Ba ions on the final product for the synthesis combining reverse‐micelle and sol‐gel techniques. At a low Ba ion ratio of [Ba]/[Fe]=0.2, ϵ‐Fe2O3 nanorods are formed, while at higher Ba ion ratios ([Ba]/[Fe]=0.4, 1, 2), BaFe12O19 appears. The phase diagram at 1000 °C shows that at a Ba ion ratio of [Ba]/[Fe]=1, the ratio of ϵ‐Fe2O3 and BaFe12O19 is almost 1 : 1. The diagram shows intermediates between these two phases do not form, indicating a phase separation of ϵ‐Fe2O3 and BaFe12O19. During the sintering process of this synthesis, initially perovskite‐type Ba2Fe2O5 and γ‐Fe2O3 nanoparticles form. Then, in areas where γ‐Fe2O3 nanoparticles are gathered around Ba2Fe2O5 and react, BaFe12O19 is formed, whereas in areas lacking Ba2Fe2O5, ϵ‐Fe2O3 nanorods are formed within Ba‐ion containing silica glass.
Linear π‐Extension of Acridone by the Fusion of Cyclobutadienoid
Authors: Li Jieyu , Wang Weifan , Zhang Gang
Published: May 2024

The functionalization of small aromatic heterocycles is a straight and efficient method to access large polycyclic conjugated molecules. However, due to its unique reactivity, the derivatization of acridone usually gives the product in the angular shape and is difficult to obtain the linear ones. Here we report the direct functionalization of acridone to generate its linearly fused derivatives containing cyclobutadienoid via the palladium‐catalyzed arene‐(oxa)norbornene annulation followed by the dehydrated aromatization. The experimental characterizations demonstrate that the antiaromatic cyclobutadienoid ring can extend the molecular conjugation. Theoretical calculations reveal the weakened aromaticity of neighboring benzenoid rings of cyclobutadienoid with no influence on the electronic structure of central pyridone. The molecular stability is enhanced in comparison to that of linear acridone derivatives containing only six‐membered rings.
Disconjugate paroxysmal oculomotor movements in psychogenic nonepileptic seizures: A video‐EEG study of three patients
Authors: Benoit Jeanne , Martin Florence , Thomas Pierre
Published: May 2024

Content available: Video
Multi‐input integrative neural network for soil seismic response modeling at KiK‐net downhole array sites
Authors: Li Lin , Jin Feng , Huang Duruo , Wang Gang
Published: May 2024

Prediction of the soil seismic response is of primary importance for geotechnical earthquake engineering. Conventional physics‐based models such as the finite element method (FEM) often face challenges due to inherent model assumptions and uncertainties of model parameters. Furthermore, these physics‐based models require significant computational resources, particularly when simulating seismic responses across numerous soil sites. In this study, a multi‐ input integrative neural network is developed for predicting soil seismic response based on the recorded data from a large number of downhole array sites. Ground motions, seismic event information, and wave velocity structures of the sites are utilized as input data in the proposed neural network, enabling the model to adapt to various site conditions. Comparative assessments against state‐of‐the‐art FEM models demonstrate that the proposed models exhibit superior prediction performance with increased efficiency. Furthermore, the pre‐training technique, a transfer learning method, is employed to predict the seismic response at new stations. By fine‐tuning the pre‐trained model derived from the extensive dataset with limited recorded data from new stations, high‐precision seismic response predictions can be realized, illustrating the adaptability and efficacy of the proposed approach in data‐scarce conditions.
Identifying factors that predict the onset and persistence of fasting for weight control: Prospective findings
Authors: Linardon Jake
Published: May 2024

Objective

Fasting for weight control is an under‐studied behaviour implicated in eating disorders. However, little is known about what factors account for its onset and persistence.

Method

This study sought to identify risk and maintenance factors for fasting among 1025 women recruited through an eating disorder self‐help platform who completed study measures at baseline and 6 month follow‐up. Univariate and multivariate logistic regressions were performed to test which variables at baseline predicted the onset (vs. stably asymptomatic) and persistence (vs. remission) of fasting at follow‐up.

Results

Univariate models showed that higher baseline overvaluation, dissatisfaction, fear of weight gain, generalised and social anxiety, depression, self‐esteem deficits and eating disorder symptoms (inflexible eating rules, driven exercise) predicted greater likelihood of fasting onset. Only fear of weight gain and depressive symptoms remained significant in the multivariate model. Higher baseline overvaluation, fear of weight gain, driven exercise, inflexible eating rules, and depression predicted greater likelihood of fasting persistence in univariate models. An adherence to inflexible eating rules and overvaluation remained significant in the multivariate model.

Conclusion

Findings shed new light on factors that may account for the development and maintenance of fasting, which have implications for guiding effective interventions targeting this behaviour.
The potential preventive effect of probiotics, prebiotics, and synbiotics on cardiovascular risk factors through modulation of gut microbiota: A review
Authors: Ghanbari Fahimeh , Hasani Samira , Aghili Zahra Sadat , Asgary Sedigheh
Published: May 2024

Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are a significant contributor to global morbidity and death, underscoring the importance of their prevention and treatment. The association between the development and progression of CVD and several risk factors has been extensively studied. Among these risk factors, the gut microbiota has garnered considerable attention of the scientific community during the last two decades. In particular, dysbiosis is directly associated with many risk factors of CVD in the host, such as diabetes. Prior research has demonstrated a robust correlation between dysbiosis and the development of CVD. Probiotics, prebiotics, and synbiotics are considered important regulators of microbiota imbalances as they increase the colonization of beneficial bacteria and thereby alter the gut microbiota. Although these beneficial effects of biotics are now widely recognized, new evidence has demonstrated that target therapy of the microbiota affects many other organs, including the heart, through a process commonly referred to as the gut–heart axis. In this review, we will discuss the potential benefits of probiotics, prebiotics, and synbiotics for the beneficial effects on cardiovascular disease by modulating gut microbiota.
Propolis as a functional food and promising agent for oral health and microbiota balance: A review study
Authors: Etebarian Arghavan , Alhouei Barbod , Mohammadi‐Nasrabadi Fatemeh , Esfarjani Fatemeh
Published: May 2024

Bee Propolis has been used for its therapeutic properties, including anti‐inflammatory, antibacterial, antifungal, and immune‐stimulating properties, for centuries as a functional food. This study reviewed the effectiveness of propolis as a functional food on oral‐related diseases as a rich bioflavonoid produced by honey bees. A literature search was conducted to identify studies published that investigated the effects of propolis on oral health and its ability to treat related diseases. The search was performed in electronic databases using relevant keywords. Initially, 3429 studies were identified through database searching, and based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 22 articles were eligible to be included. Reviewing the articles, propolis was recognized as a functional food and promising agent to balance oral microbiota and prevent oral diseases due to its effectiveness on related bacteria, its anti‐inflammatory properties, and its activity against Porphyromonas gingivalis and Actinomyces Oris allowed it to be an effective substance to prevent periodontal diseases. Based on our findings, Propolis is a desirable preventive option for various oral health conditions, including dental caries and periodontal diseases. Therefore, it is recommended to be consumed as a functional food in our daily diet, which can reduce the risk of oral disease and improve oral health.
Exposure to cigarette taxes as a teenager and the persistence of smoking into adulthood
Authors: Friedson Andrew , Li Moyan , Meckel Katherine , Rees Daniel I. , Sacks Daniel W.
Published: May 2024

Are teenage and adult smoking causally related? Recent anti‐tobacco policy is predicated on the assumption that preventing teenagers from smoking will ensure that fewer adults smoke, but direct evidence in support of this assumption is scant. Using data from three nationally representative sources and instrumenting for teenage smoking with cigarette taxes experienced at ages 14–17, we document a strong positive relationship between teenage and adult smoking: deterring 10 teenagers from smoking through raising cigarette taxes roughly translates into 5 fewer adult smokers. We conclude that efforts to reduce teenage smoking can have long‐lasting consequences on smoking participation and, presumably, health.
A comparative study of transcervical, endoscope‐assisted transcervical, and endoscope‐assisted transoral resection of retrostyloid space schwannomas
Authors: Zhang Diekuo , Yan Helei , Chen Huihong , Huang Donghai , Wang Xingwei , Jiang Weihong , Zhang Xin , Lu Shanhong , Liu Yong
Published: May 2024

Background

The aim of this retrospective study was to compare the efficacy of transcervical (TC), endoscope‐assisted transoral (TO), and endoscope‐assisted TC for resection of retrostyloid space schwannomas.

Methods

The study included patients who underwent complete resection of schwannomas by only one surgical approach. The data we collected included tumor size, estimated blood loss, postoperative complications, and so on. Statistical analysis was performed using one‐way analysis of variance and Fisher's exact test.

Results

The study collected 85 patients with tumors mostly located at the oropharyngeal level who were followed up 6 months at least. The results showed that endoscope‐assisted TO had certain advantages over others. Additionally, the endoscope‐assisted TO set the lowest incidence of neurological complications.

Conclusion

Our findings demonstrate that for team with rich experience in the skull base surgery, endoscope‐assisted TO is a superior option compared to the other two groups for resection of retrostyloid space schwannomas, with the better preservation of neurological function.
Biomechanics‐based study of muscle activation under different driving conditions for Chinese percentiles
Authors: Li Mingyue , Li Biao , Chen Guoying , Huading Bao , Shi Chongyue , Yu Fei
Published: May 2024

In this paper, we determined the adjustment levels of the human–machine layout under the preferred driving posture for individuals with different body sizes. We also comparatively analyzed the maximum activation levels of various muscles under straight‐line driving and steering conditions. To increase the accuracy of the results, AnyBody biomechanics software was used to establish a human skeletal muscle mechanics model, which we analyzed for consistency with rig test results. The results showed that people with larger body sizes preferred a driving position with the seat reclined back. Steered driving was associated with a significant (p < .05) increase in the maximum activation of the wrist extensors, serratus anterior, deltoid, and triceps brachii, which are the main force‐generating muscle groups for steered driving, compared with straight driving. Moreover, the measured and simulated results of maximum muscle activation were relatively consistent, with the error between them within a 15% margin. In summary, this study explored the relationship between different driving conditions and preferred driving postures from a biomechanical perspective. A combined experimental and simulation approach was adopted to ensure the reliability of the findings. The insights from this study can inform ergonomic considerations for the comfort and health of Chinese drivers with varying physical characteristics.
Effect of pranayama on perceived stress, well‐being and quality of life of frontline healthcare professionals on COVID‐19 duty: A quasi‐randomised clinical trial
Authors: Sarwal Rakesh , Dhamija Rajinder K. , Jain Khushbu , Basavaraddi Ishwar V.
Published: May 2024

Healthcare professionals (HCPs) had to perform their duties under extremely trying circumstances during the COVID‐19 pandemic. High expectations further increased HCP's stress, which had an adverse impact on their mental health. The present quasi‐randomised clinical trial examined how a specially designed pranayama regimen practised for 4 weeks affected the mental health of frontline, exposed HCPs in terms of perceived stress, wellness and quality of life. A total of 280 frontline HCPs on COVID‐19 duties in five public hospitals of Delhi, India participated in this study. The intervention (n = 123) and control (n = 127) groups were alternately allocated. Data on perceived, self‐reported mental health of HCPs were collected at baseline and post‐test at the end‐line (after 28 days of practice). We report that the intervention group (n = 123) had a substantial lower perceived stress at post‐test at the end‐line in comparison to the control group (n = 127, p‐value: .028). Their overall WHO Quality‐of‐Life score also improved, of which the score on psychological domain increased significantly (p‐value: .019). Accordingly, we conclude that a 28‐day practice of the pranayama by the frontline HCPs in COVID‐19 hospitals significantly decreased their level of perceived stress and enhanced their psychological quality of life.
Examination of clinical variables affecting resurgence: A reanalysis of 46 applications
Authors: Laureano Brianna , Ringdahl Joel , Falligant John M.
Published: May 2024

Despite the efficacy of behavioral interventions, resurgence of challenging behavior (e.g., aggression, self‐injury) following successful treatment can still occur. Applied work has focused on identifying treatment‐related variables thought to affect the occurrence and magnitude of resurgence. The current study describes the relation between several variables (i.e., phase duration, response rates in baseline and treatment, obtained rates of reinforcement, downshift in reinforcement step size) and resurgence in a retrospective consecutive controlled case series of 46 treatment applications for challenging behavior conducted in an inpatient setting. Only the downshift in reinforcement (e.g., schedule‐thinning) step size was correlated with the magnitude of resurgence. These results are consistent with recent findings suggesting that treatment duration and other factors have inconsistent effects on resurgence of challenging behavior.
Child–parent agreement on the SDQ: The role of child–parent attachment and parental feelings
Authors: Hen Meirav , Shenaar‐Golan Vered , Atia Stav , Yatzkar Uri
Published: May 2024

Objectives

Children and their parents often provide divergent reports regarding their mental health on the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ). These discrepancies may impede the diagnostic processes. The present study aimed to explore how a child's attachment to the parent and parental feelings may explain some of the variability between parent's and children's reports on the SDQ.

Methods

Data were collected using self‐report questionnaires from 277 children and their parents (n = 421) who were referred to a public mental health clinic. This information was classified into clinical categories (normal and abnormal) and analyzed using multinomial logistic regression.

Results

The agreement rates between children and parents on the normality of children were high in general and across gender and age. Insecure attachment to parents positively and significantly predicted the agreement of child and parent reporting abnormality and disagreement when parents reported normality and children reported abnormality. Parental anger positively and significantly predicted disagreement in reports in which parents reported abnormal anger and children reported normal anger.

Conclusions

These findings highlight the importance of assessing informant variability in association with emotional and relationship variables as clinically meaningful information for a clinical diagnosis.