bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effects of Age, Sex, and University Status on Life-Satisfaction
Authors: Hong Sung-Mook , Giannakopoulos Effy
Published: August 2011

Diener, et al.'s 1985 Satisfaction With Life Scale was administered to 1749 adult Australians to examine differences between men and women, university students and nonuniversity students, and among 17- to 22-, 23- to 29-, and 30- to 40-yr.-olds. No significant differences in Life-satisfaction emerged in relation to sex or university status, but age showed a significant effect as higher life-satisfaction characterized older subjects. No interactions were found for any combination of the three variables. The results are interpreted in terms of egalitarian sex-role ideologies regarding sex, status-specific criteria in the assessment and conceptualisation of life-satisfaction for university status, and maturity trends in viewing life events concerning age.
Occupational Needs as Moderators between Locus of Control and Job Involvement
Authors: Riipinen Markku
Published: August 2011

Contradictory results have been published on the relationship of locus of control with job involvement, so in this study occupational needs were tested as moderators between the variables. Needs were measured with Ghiselli's Self-description Inventory, job involvement with Kanungo's Job Involvement scale, and locus of control with Pettersen's scale. Job involvement of 220 mainly female teachers was significantly predicted by extrinsic needs, and that of 213 female secretaries rather by intrinsic needs. Job involvement related to extrinsic needs was not associated with locus of control, while this relationship with intrinsic needs and job involvement was not needed for internal locus of control to correlate with job involvement. Especially the combination of strong intrinsic and extrinsic needs moderated the correlation, although locus of control could correlate with job involvement also for subjects with weak needs. The correlations were independent of internality of control or the amount of involvement. These results suggest that locus of control and job involvement are independent variables, and the former cannot be used as a predictor of the latter.
A Study of Hindsight Bias: The Rodney King Case in Retrospect
Authors: Gilbertson Lee J. , Dietrich Dorothee , Olson Matthew , Guenther R. Kim
Published: August 2011

68 subjects completed a short questionnaire asking them to predict, five days before a verdict was reached, the outcome and aftermath of the well-publicized Rodney King civil rights trial. Ten days after the verdict was reached, the subjects were asked to recall their responses to the questionnaire. Results were compatible with hindsight bias inasmuch as errors in recall were more likely to be consistent than inconsistent with the trial's outcome and aftermath. The hindsight bias phenomenon was interpreted in the context of a reconstructionist approach to memory.
Kindergarten Predictors of First-Grade Reading Achievement: A Regular Classroom Sample
Authors: McCormick Christine E. , Stoner Sue B. , Duncan Scott
Published: August 2011

Routinely collected measures for 38 children in the kindergarten program in a middle-class school in a small midwestern city were analyzed as predictors of first-grade reading achievement on the Iowa Tests of Basic Skills and of first-grade performance on the Cognitive Abilities Test. Correlations among all variables are given. Stepwise multiple regression analyses predicting the first-grade variables showed that consonant-sound-identification was the best predictor of first-grade reading achievement and that the Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test—Revised was the best predictor of cognitive ability. A second multiple regression analysis examined the contribution of each kindergarten variable to first-grade reading and cognitive scores. Analysis indicated that these children entered kindergarten with highly developed early reading skills which facilitated success with systematic reading instruction.
Relation between Order of Completion and Performance on Timed Examinations
Authors: Wierzbicki Michael
Published: August 2011

The relation between order of completion and test performance was examined. Subjects were 116 students in two upper-division psychology courses. Tests were timed and contained both objective and nonobjective items. Contrary to previous suggestions but consistent with prior empirical findings, there was neither a consistent linear nor curvilinear relation between order of completion and performance. In one class, middle finishers tended to score lower and to be more variable in performance than early and late finishers. Results are discussed in the context of previous research on the relation between time (or order) of completion and test performance.
Personal Space, Personal Appearance, and Personal Selling
Authors: McElroy James C. , Morrow Paula C.
Published: August 2011

Solicitation of funds for a walk-a-thon was used as the basis for a field experiment testing the effects of personal space and personal appearance within a personal selling context. While results for a sample of 48 faculty approached by a confederate were not supportive, analysis of those faculty who contributed suggest how one might study these parameters in personal selling.
Evaluative Responses to Jokes in Informative Speech with and without Laughter by an Audience: A Partial Replication
Authors: Gruner Charles R. , Pelletier Laura J. , Williams Melanie A.
Published: August 2011

Mean responses of 39 students shown a videotaped speech with laughter were higher than those of 33 students viewing the speech without laughter, thereby confirming prior work.
A Study of the Unidimensionality and Cumulativeness of the MOS Short-Form General Health Survey
Authors: Moorer P. , Suurmeijer T. P. B. M.
Published: August 2011

The unidimensionality and cumulativeness of the subscales Health Perceptions, Mental Health, Physical Pain, and Social Functioning of the MOS Short-form General Health Survey were investigated using the Mokken Scale Analysis for Polychotomous Items (MSP). From the analyses, two unidimensional, cumulative subscales appeared, Health Perceptions including the item on Social Functioning, and Mental Health. Both subscales met the requirements of the Mokken model, with the first scale being a ‘moderately strong’ hierarchical scale ( H = 0.49, rho = 0.89) and the second a ‘weak’ hierarchical scale ( H = 0.38, rho = 0.85).
Gender Trends in the U.S. Army and a Discussion of Implications for Readiness and Retention
Authors: Schumm Walter R. , Palmer-Johnson C. Elizabeth , Bell D. Bruce , Tran Giao
Published: August 2011

The percentage of female soldiers and officers in the U.S. Army has increased dramatically during the last few decades. Gender appears to be correlated with rank, age, education, and race, making it difficult to draw definitive conclusions about the effects of gender on retention or readiness. Evidence regarding gender and retention is mixed, but available evidence on gender and individual and unit readiness suggests that gender does not adversely influence readiness at either level. However, there is little evidence to date on the effects of gender within combat units, leaving that question open to debate.
Concurrent Validity of the Culture-Free Self-Esteem Inventory and Physical Health in College Students
Authors: Carroll James L. , Buhrow Melissa
Published: August 2011

55 college students received the Culture-free Self-esteem Inventory and a 13-item measure of physical health; significant Pearson correlations (generally in the .40s) were found on all but one subscale of the self-concept measure and the health measure. The results are in line with research using other measures of self-esteem and physical health and suggest that the self-esteem inventory may be useful as a research measure.
Alexithymia, Affect Recognition, and the Five-Factor Model of Personality in Normal Subjects
Authors: Mann Lee S. , Wise Thomas N. , Trinidad Anton , Kohanski Renée
Published: August 2011

A total of 62 staff members from a general hospital participated in a study about alexithymia and the five-factor model of personality, measured by the Toronto Alexithymia Scale and the NEO Five Factor Inventory, respectively, and their relationship to recognition affect. Subjects with alexithymic characteristics were less able to recognize affective states in posed facial expressions and so may have modified their empathic capacity.
The Psychological Maltreatment Inventory: Development of a Measure of Psychological Maltreatment in Childhood for Use in Adult Clinical Settings
Authors: Engels Mary-Louise , Moisan Daniel
Published: August 2011

Development of a 25-item Psychological Maltreatment Inventory, based on five categories of psychological maltreatment found in the literature on child development, is described. Two major factors emerged from a factor analytic study of the responses of 118 clinical outpatients. Reported childhood experiences of Emotional Neglect and Hostile Rejection were related to several measures of psychological dysfunction among adult outpatients.
Cognitive, Interest, and Personality Variables Predicting First-Semester GPA
Authors: Brown Nina W.
Published: August 2011

124 freshmen entering engineering were administered the College Major Interest Indicator, Adjective Checklist (personality), Ship Destination Test (symbolic reasoning), and the Logical Reasoning test (verbal reasoning) to identify what combination of variables would best predict the first semester's GPA. Scores on these tests along with SAT-Verbal and Mathematics scores were used in a series of multiple regression analyses. Personality test scores alone were the best predictors of GPA ( r = .78).
Positive Changes and Worksite Health Education
Authors: Anderson Rebecca Cogwell , Anderson Kim Edward
Published: August 2011

44 of 70 employees attended 7 biweekly sessions during the lunch hour. Assessments of health risk and biometric measurements showed improvement at posttest on exercise, stress awareness, and systolic blood pressure.
Parents' Beliefs about Cholesterol and its Effects on Their Children
Authors: Price James H. , Desmond Sharon M. , Telljohann Susan K. , Todd Donna
Published: August 2011

A random sample of parents of primary grade children ( N = 500) was obtained from two higher socioeconomic-status suburban elementary schools. The respondents ( n = 277) were well educated (92% attended or graduated from college), white (92%), primarily higher in socioeconomic status (79% earned more than $50,000/year), and female (70%). Two-thirds of the parents believed that all elementary school children should have their cholesterol levels checked, 70% believed high cholesterol in children was serious, yet only 21% believed their child would develop a high cholesterol level. To control their children's cholesterol level, the majority of parents (73%) made lifestyle changes for their children since the majority believed high cholesterol levels would clog arteries (95%) and cause heart disease (90%). Parents most often received their information on cholesterol from magazines (73%), newspapers (62%), and physicians (52%).
Self-Reporting of Behavior Problems in Patients with TIC Disorders
Authors: Rosenberg Leon A. , Brown Janice , Singer Harvey S.
Published: August 2011

Self-awareness of behavioral or emotional problems was examined in 25 children and adolescents with tic disorders by comparing the Youth, Parent, and Teacher forms of the Child Behavior Checklist. In general, their parents reported a significant number of deviant behaviors which were denied by the patients.
Early Autobiographical Memories are Mostly Nonverbal and Their Development is More Likely Continuous Than Discrete
Authors: Westman Alida S. , Wautier Gary
Published: August 2011

Nelson in 1993 hypothesized that autobiographical memories have a discrete onset sometime during the third year of life as memories become verbally shared as narratives, whereas Pillemer and White suggested in 1989 that autobiographical memory develops continuously and language enables communication. Analysis of first memories recalled by 40 students showed 92.5% were nonverbal and 90% involved knowledge about oneself, which is consistent with development being continuous.
Needs Assessment for a Health-Promotion Program in a Medical Center
Authors: Scurria Philip L. , Webster Michael G. , Wolf Thomas M.
Published: August 2011

232 students surveyed responded more favorably to health-promotion components involving the “body” than those that concern the “mind.”
Teaching Psychopharmacology to Psychology Interns
Authors: El-Mallakh Rif S.
Published: August 2011

A group of psychology interns were given a brief course in psychopharmacology In follow-up questionnaires from 14 doctoral psychologists 6 months and 2.7 years after graduation respondents stated that the course increased knowledge and confidence in their collaboration with physicians.
Is There a Problem with Preference Reversals?
Authors: Li Shu
Published: August 2011

The fact that any of a number of measurement mechanisms can be used to identify an invariable choice is called into question. It is suggested that documented preference reversals do not reflect an actual reversal of preference but rather an inadequate knowledge of what the preference is.
Contributions to the History of Psychology: XCVIII. Topical Content of History-Of-Psychology Literature, 1975–1986
Authors: Coleman S. R. , Cola Philip , Webster Sandra
Published: August 2011

Psychological Abstracts was used to identify history-of-psychology literature published from 1975 through 1986. Perusal of these 1478 publications provided information on the principal topics of each. Disciplines, theories, and methodology were the most popular subjects of historical treatment; psychological apparatus was the least popular. Although psychoanalytic and behavioral topics were well-represented in the literature, topical diversity was the most prominent feature. Our findings were discussed in relation to (a) relevant factors that affect topical visibility, (b) the disciplinary status of the history of psychology, and (c) the issue of disunity in contemporary psychology.
Native American Suicide and Homicide Rates: Are They Associated with White Suicide and Homicide Rates?
Authors: Lester David
Published: August 2011

In 1980, suicide and homicide rates for Native Americans by state (48 continental states) were not associated with the suicide and homicide rates for white adults.
Motivational Mediators of Cooperative Learning
Authors: Daniels Robert
Published: August 2011

Introductory psychology students, 43 men and 44 women, participated in an experiment comparing the effects of cooperative versus individualistic learning techniques on approval and achievement motivation and test performance. Subjects in cooperative learning groups reported higher need for social approval than subjects in individualistic learning groups. Need for social approval was more highly correlated with achievement motivation for subjects in cooperative learning groups than for those in individualistic learning groups. Being in a cooperative learning group did not result in improved test performance, but results indicated that cooperative learning techniques enabled students to coordinate their approval and achievement motivation by presenting academic excellence as a socially desirable behavior.
Development of a Measure of Nurses' Aids Attitudes and Conservative Views
Authors: Harrison Melinda , Fusilier Marcelline R. , Worley Joel K.
Published: August 2011

The literature concerning measurement of nurses' attitudes toward AIDS was reviewed. A short scale to measure nurses' attitudes toward AIDS was developed and evaluated. The instrument has three subscales on (a) willingness to care for those who are HIV positive, homosexuals, and intravenous drug users as patients, (b) attitudes toward homosexuals and intravenous drug users, and (c) general conservative views on religious, political, and family issues. The three subscales were supported by results of a factor analysis. Coefficient alpha ranged from .69 to .92.
Variables Related to Organizational Commitment in Health Professionals
Authors: Shouksmith George
Published: August 2011

Three measures of organizational commitment were related to scores from the Multidimensional Job Satisfaction Scale in a sample of 1121 health professionals to ascertain the organizational factors which were associated with commitment. Opportunity for personal growth or self-actualization and physical working conditions were related to all three forms of commitment. Affective and Normative Commitment were also enhanced in organizations with promotion systems perceived as fair. Organizational groups which also had satisfactory pay scales and supervisors perceived as possessing positive job-related skills had enhanced Affective Commitment; the presence of coworkers with positive attributes was related to Normative Commitment and high opportunities for promotion to Continuance Commitment.
The Relationship between Self-Monitored Aggression and the MMPI-2 F, 4, 9 Composite and Anger Content Scale Scores
Authors: O'Laughlin Shawn , Schill Thomas
Published: August 2011

Undergraduates, 47 men and 79 women, took the MMPI-2 and self-monitored their aggressive acting out for one week. As expected, the MMPI composite score for F, 4, 9 and the anger content scale were correlated positively with monitored aggressive acting out, particularly for men. However, the magnitude of the correlations was slight, indicating it would be inappropriate to use them to make critical judgments regarding aggressive acting out with this population.
Learning Processes and Academic Achievement of United Arab Emirates College Students
Authors: Albaili Mohamed A.
Published: August 2011

The purpose of the present investigation was to examine the relationships between scores on the learning processes assessed by the Inventory of Learning Processes and academic achievement assessed by high school average (HSA) and grade point average (GPA) for 124 undergraduate college students. Multivariate analysis of variance indicated that students with high HSAs tended to score higher on Deep Processing and Fact Retention scales than students with low HSAs. Students with high GPAs appeared to score higher on both Deep Processing and Elaborative Processing scales than students with low GPAs. Subsequent path analysis suggested that both Deep Processing and Elaborative Processing scales have direct associations with GPA.
Meeting Affective Needs of At-Risk Adolescents
Authors: Queen Kay W.
Published: August 2011

This study examined an intervention that addressed affective needs of 27 adolescents, 13 to 19 years old, who attended an alternative school, thereby improving their academic performance. No control interventions were employed.
Psychometric Properties of the Scale of Individual Differences-Measure of Hope
Authors: Ahmed S. M. S. , Duhamel Paul
Published: August 2011

Responses of 160 subjects to the Snyder Hope scale were factor analyzed. Oblique rotation yielded two factors, which were difficult to interpret. When the two variables that made the interpretation difficult were eliminated, the remaining six gave a single factor. Spearman-Brown formula, Cronbach coefficient α, analysis of variance, Rulon's split-half, and average correlation of one item with the rest of the items were also employed to estimate the reliability of the test. All the measures of homogeneity show the scale to be homogeneous, especially when the scale is reduced to six items.
Younger Supervisor-Older Subordinate Dyads: A Relationship of Cooperation or Resistance?
Authors: Smith Wanda J. , Harrington K. Vernard
Published: August 2011

With the increase in the number of younger supervisor-older subordinate dyads in the workplace, there is a need to reexamine age-based beliefs held by supervisors toward their subordinates. 192 individuals in three age groups (20s, 30s, and 40s and above) were surveyed to assess the extent to which they felt older subordinates would cooperate with younger supervisors or resist their leadership. Analysis of ratings indicated that individuals in their 20s reported a belief of significantly less cooperation and significantly more resistance on the part of older subordinates than subjects 40 yr. or older. Implications of these results for management training programs are discussed.
A Leadership Profile of Disadvantaged Youth Based on Leadership Strengths Indicator
Authors: Riley Tracy L. , Karnes Frances A.
Published: August 2011

The Leadership Strengths Indicator was administered to 42 boys and 47 girls, ranging in age from 10 to 15 years, who were identified as disadvantaged by their qualifications for the free or reduced lunch fee. The students' scores fell within the normal range of scores. A significant difference was found on Cluster scale III, High Level Participator in Group Activities, favoring the boys. Slight nonsignificant differences were found between the scores on Clusters I, Enjoys Group Activities, IV, Journalistic, and VI, Courageous.
Relationship between Parental Aspiration and Academic Achievement of Xhosa Children from Broken and Intact Families
Authors: Cherian Varghese Iepen
Published: August 2011

This study concerned the relationship between parental aspiration and academic achievement of Xhosa pupils (369 boys and 652 girls) whose ages ranged from 13 to 17 years (mean age, 15.3 yr.). Children were chosen at random from the Standard 7/Year 9 population of Transkei. A questionnaire administered to parents or parent surrogates identified 242 children of parents divorced or separated and 713 from intact homes and obtained parental aspiration for the education of children. Analysis of variance showed significant effects of parental aspiration on academic achievement of children whether the children were from broken or intact homes.
The Depression-Happiness Scale: Happiness is Not Hypomania
Authors: Lester David , Kaplan Stephanie
Published: August 2011

Scores on a new scale of happiness-depression were not related to manic scores on a new scale of manic-depressive experience in a sample of 92 college students.
Estimation of Similarity between Human Liquids and Nonhuman Liquids: Effects of Reference Point for Comparison
Authors: Wion Frédérique
Published: August 2011

The experiment investigated how varied was the perceived similarity among liquids (saliva, tears, blood, perspiration, urine, semen) which are referred to as a human's or as a chimpanzee's. The reference point for comparison varied. Analysis confirmed for 38 women who had a pet a higher perceived similarity when the human being was the reference point for comparison rather than the chimpanzee. The asymmetry of response was not observed in a survey of 120 French people or 60 French-Canadian students.
How Likeability and Effectiveness Ratings of College Professors by Their Students are Affected by Course Demands and Professors' Attitudes
Authors: Brady Peter J.
Published: August 2011

40 subjects were asked to evaluate the likeability and effectiveness of four professors who were described as either demanding or easy and as either positive or negative to their students. Analysis showed that subjects liked the demanding, positive professor better than the easy, positive professor. Subjects evaluated the demanding professor and the positive professor as more effective than the easy professor and negative professor.
Effects of Massed versus Distributed Practice of Test Taking on Achievement and Test Anxiety
Authors: Zimmer John W. , Hocevar Dennis J.
Published: August 2011

The effects of massed versus distributed practice on achievement and test anxiety were investigated using a quasi-experimental design employing 56 college students under two conditions. Test anxiety was assessed using Sarason's four-dimensional Reactions to Tests, while classroom achievement was measured on tests using multiple-choice applications. Experimental subjects were given four Reactions to Tests items and 10-item examinations on a weekly basis for 10 weeks, while control subjects had only a 100-item final examination. Analysis indicated (1) significantly higher final examination performance for the distributed testing condition; (2) a significant reduction in test anxiety between initial sessions and the remainder of the term in the distributed testing condition; (3) no difference in test anxiety between the distributed testing and control conditions when test anxiety was assessed at the end of the term; and (4) nonsignificant correlations between test anxiety dimensions of the Reactions to Tests and achievement in both the control and distributed testing conditions. Results support the contention that relationships between achievement and test anxiety may be more complex than previously thought.
Relations of Exercise to Body Image and Sexual Desirability among a Sample of University Students
Authors: Holmes Tabetha , Chamberlin Parri , Young Michael
Published: August 2011

College students ( N = 212) completed a survey designed to elicit information about their exercise habits, perceived sexual desirability, and body image. A number of body-image items were associated with both perceived physical attractiveness and perceived sexual desirability. Total body image was related to gender, exercise level, perceived physical attractiveness, perceived sexual desirability, and perception of self as a sexual partner.
Homeschooling in Kansas: A Further Exploratory Study
Authors: Schumm Walter R.
Published: August 2011

In a previous exploratory study of homeschooling in Kansas by McGraw, Bergen, and Schumm (1993), it was observed that homeschooling families had large numbers of children ( M = 3.8). Based on a list of homeschooling families from a community homeschooling organization within the state of Kansas, homeschooling families had a large number of children ( M = 3.5) and were associated with a variety of Protestant denominations. It appears that perceptions of homeschooling as a threat to public education are probably misplaced as the over-all percentage of children being homeschooled in Kansas relative to those in public and private schools probably does not exceed two percent. However, homeschooling may represent a less financially expensive alternative to private schooling for large families and may compete more directly with religious private schools than with public schools.
Community Mental Health Services' Clients with Child Welfare Status
Authors: Thompson A. H.
Published: August 2011

An examination of two samples of children seen one year apart at a community mental health service indicated that a significant proportion had also been involved with the child welfare system (44% of the 119-member older sample and 32% of the 160 individuals from the current sample). A reanalysis of the latter sample one year later showed that the caseload overlap had increased to 39%.
Epidemiology of Gambling and Depression in an Adult Sample
Authors: Thorson James A. , Powell F. C. , Hilt Michael
Published: August 2011

As a relationship has been reported between pathological gambling and depression, the objective of this study was to explore whether there was a relationship between gambling and depression in a sample of 400 adults. No relationship was found.
Names Associated with Attractiveness
Authors: Willis Frank N. , Henderson Michael
Published: August 2011

Desirable names have been shown to be related to a variety of positive characteristics. The present study was designed to assess agreement on names associated with attractiveness. Participants listed five names which they associated with each of the following: attractive females, attractive males, unattractive females, and unattractive males. With the exception of the name Michael for attractive males, there was little evidence of agreement for attractive and unattractive names. There were few differences in the frequencies of names listed in relation to the age, gender, or income of the participants. Michael was also among the top ten most often used baby names for Kansas, Missouri, and Texas in 1992. Only a few of the other top ten names in our samples were also among the top ten baby names for the three states. Names associated with attractiveness are not necessarily currently popular names for babies.
Telecommuting: Stress and Social Support
Authors: Trent James T. , Smith Amy L. , Wood Daniel L.
Published: August 2011

Occupational stress and social support were measured in adults, 15 working as telecommuters, 9 working at home, and 14 working in a company office. Analysis showed telecommuters and office workers perceived more support than those working at home. Telecommuters also reported less stress and a stronger preference for this new work option.
DSM-III—R Training in Master's-Level Counseling Programs
Authors: Velasquez Roberto J. , Evans David , Callahan Wendell J. , Ishikuma Toshiro
Published: August 2011

The DSM-III—R is used by the subdisciplines of mental health including psychiatry, psychology, and social work. Yet, of all subdisciplines, it has historically met the most resistance from the counseling profession. Until the early 1980s, discussion of the DSM in the counseling literature was taboo. It has only been in the last 10 years that counselors have begun to discuss the role of the DSM in counseling. The purpose of this investigation was to examine the actual extent of DSM-III—R training in counseling programs. Analysis suggested that the counseling programs have included training in psychiatric diagnosis, but this training continues to meet resistance as it is inconsistent within the curricula of such programs.
Contributions to the History of Psychology: XCIX. Experimental Study of Infrahuman Primate Sexual Behaviors: James Harlan Elder
Authors: Hartman Alan M.
Published: August 2011

Prior to the 1930s, designs of research into sexual behavior of infrahuman primates were not comparable; conclusions about physiological and nonphysiological factors in receptivity and mating were confounded by species studied, living and testing conditions, and precaptivity history. Clearly there was need for comprehensive and controlled studies of infrahuman primate sexual behavior. In response to the controversy about biological bases of receptivity and mating, James Harlan Elder, in collaboration with Robert M. Yerkes, designed the first truly comprehensive study of factors influencing sexual behavior of chimpanzees. At that time, other persons interested in this problem were employing experimental methods, but Elder's and Yerkes' program most directly addressed the problems confounding prior study and their work served as a model of experimental research into factors affecting receptivity and mating of infrahuman primates.
Comments on M. E. Brady's Extension to J. M. Keynes' Decision Rule
Authors: Narayanan Sunder
Published: August 2011

A more general formulation is presented that combines the four equations of Brady into one single equation. The new formulation explicitly allows for varying degrees of risk and ambiguity aversion and -seeking behavior by decision makers.
Japanese College Students' Thinking Styles
Authors: Huang Jianyi , Chao Li
Published: August 2011

The Inquiry Mode Questionnaire by Harrison and Bramson was administered to 58 Japanese college students in the USA to measure their thinking styles. The analysis showed that these Japanese students scored higher on the idealist, analyst, and pragmatist styles than on the realist and synthesist styles. It was also observed that the 9 junior and 34 senior students scored as more idealistic than the 15 sophomores, and the 44 men scored higher than the 14 women on the synthesist style. A positive correlation was found between academic achievement (GPA) and scores on the analyst style. Negative correlations obtained between academic achievement and scores on the synthesist style and among scores on the thinking styles.
Career and Life Values and Expectations of University Business Students
Authors: Burke Ronald J.
Published: August 2011

To examine values and career and life expectations among a sample of 216 Canadian business students, 83 female and 133 male undergraduate and graduate students provided data on anonymously completed questionnaires. The men and women valued very similar work characteristics and attached generally similar importance and involvement to work, marital, parental, and home-care roles; however, comparisons of hopes and beliefs about work, family, and parental responsibilities indicated a traditional division of labor.
Could Popping Air Capsules Affect State Anxiety?
Authors: Taylor Keith A. , Purser Kevin C. D. , Baluch Bahman
Published: August 2011

The present study examined whether popping air capsules affects students' state anxiety. One group of university students were asked to pop air capsules for 5 min. (experimental group); another group did nothing (the control group). Both groups were tested on the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory. Analyses showed that there was a difference in mean State Anxiety scores between the two groups, with the control group having a lower mean than the experimental group, which was contrary to our expectation. The findings are discussed in relation to an earlier published study of the effects of popping air capsules on changing a person's mood.
Sequoia over Hemlock: Life Termination's Noniatrogenic Third Alternative
Authors: Morgan Robert F.
Published: August 2011

The choice to die with or without dignity based on medical opinion is a restricted field. A third option of not dying at all or at least attempting this outcome via new physicians is proposed.
Bulimic Symptomatology and Personality Factors in a Nonclinical Sample: A Replication
Authors: Geissler Tim , Kelly I. W.
Published: August 2011

Analysis of 102 undergraduate women's responses replicated the 1993 findings of Janzen, Saklofske, and Kelly considering the relationship between personality characteristics based on the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire—Revised and bulimic symptomatology as measured by the BULIT—R. Consistent with Janzen, et al., the strongest relationship with bulimic symptomatology was for Neuroticism. Also consistent was the lack of relationship with Extraversion scores. At variance with the earlier findings was a weak positive association between reports of bulimic symptoms and scores on Psychoticism.
Confirmatory Factor Analysis of the Commitment to Career Choices Scale among South African University Students
Authors: Stead Graham B. , Watson Mark B. , Mels Gerhard
Published: August 2011

The responses of South African university students ( N = 303) to the Commitment to Career Choices Scale are analyzed by means of a confirmatory factor analysis as suggested by Ellis and Blustein in 1992. The results provide support for the 1992 findings of Stead and Watson.
Utilization of Employees' Assistance Program in a Public Accounting Firm: Some Preliminary Data
Authors: Burke Ronald J.
Published: August 2011

In 1993 an examination of 2150 employees' use of and satisfaction with a newly developed Employees' Assistance Program (EAP) showed almost 80% were aware of the program, 6% had used it, and satisfaction of those using the program was high. The 829 women and 766 men were equally aware and equally likely to have used the program and were similarly satisfied. Women were significantly more likely to indicate an intention to use the program if they saw a need.
Efficacy of Lithium Chloride in the Taste-Aversion Conditioning of Young-Adult and Old-Age Rats
Authors: Misanin James R. , Hinderliter Charles F.
Published: August 2011

An absolute amount of a LiCl US was administered to 24 young-adult and 24 old-age rats during taste-aversion conditioning to determine whether the superior performance of old-age rats, when a 1% body-weight injection of a LiCl US is administered 3 hr. after a saccharin CS, is due to age-related differences in US intensity or the efficacy of LiCl. The aversion conditioned in old-age rats with a 3-hr. CS-US interval and an absolute amount of LiCl was still significantly greater than that in young adults suggesting that age-related differences in US intensity or the efficacy of LiCl cannot explain the superior performance of old-age rats. Possibly, old-age rats forget the specifics of the CS more than young adults and, thus, older animals show greater stimulus generalization to the substantially different test stimuli.
Causal Attributions for Marital Violence and Emotional Response by Women Seeking Refuge
Authors: McClennan Helen , Joseph Stephen , Lewis Christopher Alan
Published: August 2011

The aim was to examine the association between causal attributions for marital violence and emotional reactions of 15 women from two refuges in Northern Ireland. The women who perceived the cause of the violence as stable and uncontrollable scored higher on the Avoidance and Intrusion subscales of the Impact of Events Scale, respectively. In addition, more global causal attributions were associated with higher scores on Intrusion and Avoidance as well as depressive symptomatology as measured by the Beck Depression Inventory. No evidence was, however, found to support the view that these women were engaged in self-blaming (attributions tended to be overwhelmingly external).
Management of Anger and its Effect on Incarcerated Assaultive and Nonassaultive Offenders
Authors: Valliant Paul M. , Raven Lynne M.
Published: August 2011

Scores of inmates who had been incarcerated for assaultive offenses, property offenses, or a combination of offenses were compared on personality and intelligence inventories. Anger-management programming was given to 57 male offenders two hours per week over five weeks. Self-esteem, anxiety, and aggression, measured before and after the program, showed significant differences.
On the Test-Retest Reliability of the Preference for Numerical Information Scale
Authors: Viswanathan Madhubalan
Published: August 2011

Preference for numerical information has been defined as a proclivity toward using numerical information and engaging in thinking involving numerical information and a scale was developed to measure this construct. Test-retest reliability of the scale over a 12-wk. interval was examined here. A correlation of .73 between test and retest suggests that measurement is moderately stable over time.
Adult Attachment, Love Styles, and Self-Defeating Personality Characteristics
Authors: Williams Deirdre , Schill Thomas
Published: August 2011

The present research showed for 79 men and 79 women that people with more characteristics of the proposed self-defeating personality diagnosis had less secure adult attachments. In addition, self-defeating women described their style of loving as game playing and being less romantically involved. Both men and women who were more self-defeating, once in a relationship, reported feeling dependent, jealous, and desperate to maintain it. These results are consistent with the 1993 findings of Williams and Schill that people with more self-defeating characteristics were more likely to lack secure attachments with parents.
Quality of Life in Adult Recipients of Bone Marrow Transplantation
Authors: Litwins Nola M. , Rodrigue James R. , Weiner Roy S.
Published: August 2011

Quality of life, coping styles, and satisfaction with health care were assessed in 32 bone marrow transplant recipients and 22 conventional chemotherapy recipients. Subjects reported having generally good quality of life with no significant differences in quality of life or coping styles between the two groups. Quality of life was not significantly associated with age, socioeconomic status, time since diagnosis, or time since last treatment, although lower scores were associated with a passive coping style. Interestingly, bone marrow transplant recipients reported greater over-all satisfaction with health care and more contentment with the cost and convenience of health-care delivery than did conventional chemotherapy recipients.
Scores on the 16 Personality Factor Questionnaire and Success in College Calculus
Authors: Shaughnessy Michael F. , Stockard Jody , Moore Jack , Siegel Carole
Published: August 2011

This study explored the association of scores for 94 pharmacy majors on the 16 Personality Factor Questionnaire and success in college calculus courses as defined by final grade. In a simple regression two factors (G and A) were significant predictors of success in this exploratory study. Relevance to teaching and research is noted.
Economic and Social Correlates of Suicide in Caribbean Nations
Authors: Yang Bijou , Lester David
Published: August 2011

Using data from the 1970s, it was observed that the gross national product per capita was positively associated with male suicide rates in the Caribbean islands, with sociological variables playing a smaller role. In contrast, sociological variables played the more important role in the associations with female suicide rates.
Religious Attitudes and Obsessional Personality Traits among UK Adults
Authors: Lewis Christopher Alan , Maltby John
Published: August 2011

Recent data of Maltby, McCollam, and Millar were reanalysed to examine the relationship between religious attitudes and obsessional personality traits in a sample of UK adults. For 34 men and 85 women significant correlations were found between the Francis Scale of Attitudes Towards Christianity and the Sandler-Hazari Obsessionality Inventory trait scale. This supports previous findings linking religious attitudes and obsessional personality traits in student samples.
Factor Analysis of the NEO-PI and the Comrey Personality Scales
Authors: Hahn Raegyu , Comrey Andrew L.
Published: August 2011

The 1985 version of the NEO-PI of Costa and McCrae and the Comrey Personality Scales were administered to a sample of 227 volunteers. The former was designed to measure the “Big Five” factors of personality, using single scales for the factors of Agreeableness and Conscientiousness, and six “facet scales” each to measure the factors of Neuroticism, Extraversion, and Openness. The Comrey Personality Scales consist of 40 personality subscales (FHIDs) that have been shown repeatedly to define eight major factors of personality. In this study, these 40 subscales, the CPS Response Bias Scale, the two NEO-PI single factor scales, the 18 NEO-PI facet scales, and sex were factor analyzed. All eight Comrey factors were clearly identified. NEO-PI scales Neuroticism, Extraversion, and Conscientiousness matched well with Comrey factors Emotional Stability, Extraversion, and Orderliness, respectively. NEO-PI Agreeableness was substantially related to two other Comrey factors, Trust and Empathy. NEO-PI Openness was identified as a separate ninth factor.
Supervisors' Influence Tactics for Handling Managers' Resistance
Authors: Lamude Kevin G.
Published: August 2011

This study examined perceptions of superiors' upward-influence tactics in response to managers' resistance attempts described in 1980 by McLaughlin, Cody, and Robey. Based on influence tactics identified by several researchers, a questionnaire was developed to investigate supervisors' use of “hard” and “soft” upward-influence tactics in response to descriptions of perceived resistance from target managers. Responses were obtained from 167 supervisors involved in the management of technical and support staff personnel of four health-care organizations and submitted to stepwise regression. Soft upward-influence tactics were positively associated with attempts to justify resistance. Hard upward-influence tactics were negatively related to resistant negotiation.
Reliability and Validity of the Ego and Discomfort Anxiety Inventory
Authors: Whiteman Victor L. , Shorkey Clayton T.
Published: August 2011

This article reports significant test-retest reliability scores for the Ego and Discomfort Anxiety Inventory. Positive significant correlations with the Fear of Negative Evaluation Scale supported the construct validity of the Ego Anxiety Scale. Positive significant correlations with the Costello-Comrey Anxiety Scale supported the construct validity of the Discomfort Anxiety Scale. The sample included 28 graduate social work students in a research methods class and 28 undergraduate students in an introductory social work class at Michigan State University.
Early Memories are Only Fragments but Make Life More Comprehensible or Enhance Social Solidarity and are Frequently Verbalizable
Authors: Westman Alida S. , Wautier Gary
Published: August 2011

Recollections of a very first memory by 58 students indicated that for 53% the memory helped understand later events, as Winograd suggested, and 52% of memory sharing increased social solidarity, as Nelson suggested. First memories reflected basic orientations as described by Erikson and not yet complex aspects of lifestyle as Adler believed. Students reported that 86% of memories were nonverbal but 62% could be verbalized well. Only 12% believed their first memory to reflect a complete event, and only 41% believed their recall to be completely accurate. When asked to recall more from the same early period, 36% could recall one more memory and 41% could recall two more.
Development of an Acculturative Stress Scale for International Students: Preliminary Findings
Authors: Sandhu Daya S. , Asrabadi Badiolah R.
Published: August 2011

Description of the development and testing of a new 36-item scale in Likert format, designed to assess the acculturative stress of international students, includes perceived discrimination, homesickness, fear, guilt, perceived hatred, and stress due to change (cultural shock), identified as major contributing factors. The psychometric properties of this instrument and implications for use by mental health practitioners are discussed.
Hope, Hopelessness, and Suicidality in College Students
Authors: Range Lillian M. , Penton Susan R.
Published: August 2011

To estimate the associations among measures of hope, hopelessness, and suicidality, 206 undergraduates completed the Reasons for Living Inventory, the Hopelessness Scale, and the Hope Scale. As expected, significant correlations indicated that, as hope increased, hopelessness decreased. Those who scored as relatively more suicidal had relatively fewer feelings of total hope (Agency and Pathways) and more hopelessness. Further, scores on three Reasons for Living scales (Coping Beliefs, Family Responsibility, and Child Concerns) were significantly correlated in expected directions with hope and hopelessness scores. A stepwise multiple regression indicated that scores on Survival, Coping Beliefs and the Hope subscale Agency accounted for 37% of the total variance in suicidality. Apparently in unscreened college students, survival and coping beliefs and hope rather than hopelessness or other reasons for living are most related to suicidality. An implication is that facilitating college students' hopefulness may bolster their survival and coping beliefs and discourage development of suicidal thoughts or actions.
Belief in and Use of a Questionable Technique, Facilitated Communication, for Children with Autism
Authors: Dillon Kathleen M. , Fenlason James E. , Vogel Dennis J.
Published: August 2011

23 educators and therapists of children with autism were surveyed about their beliefs and use of Facilitated Communication, a technique previously shown to have questionable scientific validity. 65.2% or 15 use the procedure often or very often in their work with children. Some factors that appeared related to this choice were beliefs consistent with those of proponents of Facilitated Communication, less education, belief in the notion that individuals with autism were more intelligent than their behavior indicated, and lack of belief in science as source of explanation of human behavior. It was concluded that supervisors need to be more informing about the scientific validity of techniques used by their employees.
Social Comparisons of Learning Disabled and Nonexceptional Adolescents
Authors: Johnsen E. Peter , Tracy Dick B.
Published: August 2011

36 learning disabled high school subjects rated themselves lower on academic, psychomotor, and verbal performance on a social comparisons task than a control group of 53 nonexceptional peers. Learning disabled students tended to see themselves as less able in most areas involving school achievement but not in areas involving extracurricular activities.