bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Critical Evaluation of Identified Flow Curves Using Homogeneous and Heterogeneous Solutions for Compression Test
Authors: Khoddam S. , Mirzakhani B. , Sapanathan T.
Published: April 2022

Background

The cylindrical profile model (CPM) is commonly used to convert the load–displacement measurement from the axis-symmetric compression test (ACT) to the flow curve. The model ignores the barrelling of the sample which results in serious flow curve distortion and underestimation of the effective stress and strain. To minimize these, a new solution of ACT with heterogeneous deformation is proposed in this work as an alternative to CPM.

Method

Representative point is introduced in this new approach for better utilization of the new solution. Some key attributes of a typical flow curve are also considered to explore the sensitivity of the identified flow curve to the heterogeneous deformation. Sample flow curves are identified based on the new solution and compared with that of CPM.

Results

It was found that CPM underestimates the maximum effective stress, strain and strain rate. Significant deviations were found between the reference flow curves and those of CPM. The model is unable to appropriately account for the rate-dependent behaviour of material and work hardening variations in the samples. Therefore, given its non-realistic homogeneous effective strain and strain rate in the sample, the CPM based flow curves are questionable. The new ACT solution provided more reliable flow curves than those of the CPM.

Conclusions

Considering the heterogeneous deformation at the centre of the sample, the new ACT solution provided flow curves that for strains bellow 0.4 closely resemble the reference curves obtained from the finite element model. Thus, the new ACT solution reduces the serious limitations of CPM and provides less error in the study of the hot deformation phenomena (e.g. recovery and recrystallization). Further recommendations were also given to limit the deviations in the identified flow curve.
Social Relationships and Group Dynamics within the Supervisory Board and their Influence on CEO Compensation
Authors: Dutschkus Fabian , Lukas Christian
Published: April 2022

As financial performance measures are not the sole determinant of chief executive officer (CEO) compensation, researchers have investigated social relationships between the CEO and the supervisory board’s (SB’s) members to identify other determinants. However, different conclusions have been obtained so far. We argue that disregarding group dynamics in the board’s social categorization, which arise because of social relationships between board members, can help explain the mixed evidence. Our results suggest that group dynamics within the SB impact the level of CEO compensation. Surprisingly, more robust social ties between the CEO and SB members can lead to lower CEO compensation. In addition, the effects of social relationships depend on the specific type of social relationships.
Tidewater glacier response to individual calving events
Authors: Amundson Jason M. , Truffer Martin , Zwinger Thomas
Published: April 2022

Tidewater glaciers have been observed to experience instantaneous, stepwise increases in velocity during iceberg-calving events due to a loss of resistive stresses. These changes in stress can potentially impact tidewater glacier stability by promoting additional calving and affecting the viscous delivery of ice to the terminus. Using flow models and perturbation theory, we demonstrate that calving events and subsequent terminus readvance produce quasi-periodic, sawtooth oscillations in stress that originate at the terminus and propagate upstream. The stress perturbations travel at speeds much greater than the glacier velocities and, for laterally resisted glaciers, rapidly decay within a few ice thickness of the terminus. Consequently, because terminus fluctuations due to individual calving events tend to be much higher frequency than climate variations, individual calving events have little direct impact on the viscous delivery of ice to the terminus. This suggests that the primary mechanism by which calving events can trigger instability is by causing fluctuations in stress that weaken the ice and lead to additional calving and sustained terminus retreat. Our results further demonstrate a stronger response to calving events in simulations that include the full stress tensor, highlighting the importance of accounting for higher order stresses when developing calving parameterizations.
Effects of differentPhilosamia ricini(Lepidoptera: Saturniidae) cold storage periods onOoencyrtus pityocampaeandOoencyrtus kuvanae(Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) rearing
Authors: Tunca Hilal , Cosic Benjamin , Venard Marine , Capelli Mathilde , Colombel Etty-Ambre , Tabone Elisabeth
Published: April 2022

Ooencyrtus pityocampaeandOoencyrtus kuvanaeare egg parasitoids that are considered potential candidates for the control of different pest species through inundative release. The aim of this study was to assess the effects of different cold-storage periods ofPhilosamia ricinieggs (host) on the rearing parameters ofO. pityocampaeandO. kuvanae. Host eggs were stored at 3 °C, and a factorial experiment involving two parasitoid species, nine host storage periods (1, 5, 10, 15, 30, 45, 60, 75 and 90 days) and a control, and two host ages (1 and 2 days) was conducted, with 10 replications including 40-P. ricinieggs each. Adult emergence, development time, longevity, and fecundity were investigated. The parasitoid adult emergence percentage significantly varied with storage duration. These values were lower inO. kuvanaethan inO. pityocampae. The development time ofO. kuvanaeprogeny increased in both host age groups except in the 1-day storage period subgroup. However, the development times of the progeny ofO. pityocampaereared on one-day-old eggs stored for 5, 10, 60, and 75 days were increased, and the development times of the progeny ofO. pityocampaereared on 2-day-old eggs stored for 45 and 90 days were increased. The longevity of the F1 progeny ofO. kuvanaewas negatively affected by storage time. There was no difference in the longevity of the F1 progeny ofO. pityocampaecompared to that of the control. Additionally, the fecundities of the F1 progeny ofO. pityocampaeandO. kuvanaewere 54.7 and 47.0 offspring/female, respectively. These results provide useful information for guiding the development of mass rearing methodologies for both parasitoid species.
Was Aśoka really a secularist avant-la-lettre? Ancient Indian pluralism and toleration in historical perspective
Authors: Yelle Robert A.
Published: April 2022

Focusing on Rajeev Bhargava's claim that Aśoka was a secularist avant-la-lettre, I dispute the common understanding of secularism as the separation of religion and politics, and argue instead that such separation, to the extent that it existed, was characteristic of traditional religious societies. I then offer an alternative history of secularism as the demise of the traditional balance of power between church and state, and the rise of a unitary state which incorporated a civil religion that excluded competing forms of religiosity within its domain. This model of secularism, exemplified by the seventeenth-century English philosopher Thomas Hobbes, fits Aśoka's Dhamma better than the separationist model does.
The Natural History of Stingray Injuries
Authors: Katzer Robert J. , Schultz Carl , Pham Kevin , Sotelo Micaela A.
Published: April 2022

Introduction:

Stingray envenomation is a marine injury suffered by ocean goers throughout the world. No prospective studies exist on the various outcomes associated with these injuries.

Study Objective:

The aim of this study was to perform a prospective, observational study of human stingray injuries to determine the natural history, acute and subacute complications, prevalence of medical evaluation, and categories of medical treatment.

Methods:

This study prospectively studied a population of subjects who were injured by stingrays at Seal Beach, California (USA) from July 2012 through September 2016 and did not immediately seek emergency department evaluation. Subjects described their initial injury and provided information on their symptoms, medical evaluations, and medical treatment for the injury at one week and one month after the injury. This information was reported as descriptive statistics.

Results:

A total of 393 participants were enrolled in the study; 313 (80%) of those completed the one-week follow-up interview and 279 (71%) participants completed both the one-week and one-month follow-up interviews. Overall, 234 (75%) injuries occurred to the foot. One hundred sixty-three (52%) patients had complete resolution of their pain within one week and 261 (94%) had either complete resolution or improvement of pain by one month. Sixty-eight (22%) subjects reported being evaluated by a physician and a total of 49 (17%) subjects reported antibiotic treatment for their wound. None of the subjects required parenteral antibiotics or hospital admission.

Conclusion:

The majority of stingray victims recover from stingray injury without requiring antibiotics. A subset of subjects will have on-going wound pain after one month. The need for parenteral antibiotics or hospital admission is rare.
Values and preferences influencing willingness to change red and processed meat consumption in response to evidence-based information: a mixed methods study
Authors: Prokop-Dorner Anna , Piłat-Kobla Aleksandra , Zając Joanna , Luśtyk Michalina , Valli Claudia , Łapczuk Aneta , Brzyska Monika , Johnston Bradley , Zera Dena , Guyatt Gordon , Alonso-Coello Pablo , Bala Malgorzata M
Published: April 2022

Objectives:

The aim of the study is (1) to assess the extent to which omnivores are willing to stop or reduce their consumption of red and processed meat in response to evidence-based information regarding the possible reduction of cancer mortality and incidence achieved by dietary modification; (2) to identify socio-demographic categories associated with higher willingness to change meat consumption and (3) to understand the motives facilitating and hindering such a change.

Design:

During an initial computer-assisted web interview, respondents were presented with scenarios containing the estimates of the absolute risk reduction in overall cancer incidence and mortality tailored to their declared level of red and processed meat consumption. Respondents were asked whether they would stop or reduce their average meat consumption based on the information provided. Their dietary choices were assessed at 6-month follow-up. Additionally, we conducted semi-structured interviews to better understand the rationale for dietary practices and the perception of health information.

Participants:

The study was conducted among students and staff of three universities in Krakow, Poland.

Results:

Most of the 513 respondents were unwilling to change their consumption habits. We found gender to be a significant predictor of the willingness. Finally, we identified four themes reflecting key motives that determined meat consumption preferences: the importance of taste and texture, health consciousness, the habitual nature of cooking and persistence of omnivorous habits.

Conclusions:

When faced with health information about the uncertain reduction in the risk of cancer mortality and incidence, the vast majority of study participants were unwilling to introduce changes in their consumption habits.
ON A PROPERNESS OF THE HILBERT EIGENVARIETY AT INTEGRAL WEIGHTS: THE CASE OF QUADRATIC RESIDUE FIELDS
Authors: Hattori Shin
Published: April 2022

Letpbe a rational prime. LetFbe a totally real number field such thatFis unramified overpand the residue degree of any prime ideal ofFdividingpis$\leq 2$. In this paper, we show that the eigenvariety for$\mathrm {Res}_{F/\mathbb {Q}}(\mathit {GL}_{2})$, constructed by Andreatta, Iovita, and Pilloni, is proper at integral weights for$p\geq 3$. We also prove a weaker result for$p=2$.
A Multiplicity of Stories: Reading Feminist Orientalism in Scheherazade.2
Authors: Schreiber Rebecca Anna
Published: April 2022

In the folktale collection One Thousand and One Nights, the narrator Scheherazade escapes the Sultan's physical and sexual brutality through her storytelling; in the dramatic symphony Scheherazade.2, composed by John Adams (2014), the music and its programmatic commentary evoke modern images of women facing violence and oppression. Through a musical story of empowerment and a construction of gender and ethnic identity, Adams utilizes program music's narrative and representational components to challenge contemporary power dynamics on a global scale. Typically, a work like this might be viewed through one of two methodological lenses. A feminist critique of Scheherazade.2 might examine the ways in which the piece confronts misogyny and offers reparation. An orientalist critique might examine the ways in which the piece's invocation of Scheherazade combines with musical and programmatic exoticism to project a cultural “Other.” This article blends these two lenses, using the framework of feminist orientalism to examine the intertwined implications of both angles of critique in the context of transnational feminism. As a Western project alluding to the Arabian world of Scheherazade and the Sultan to tell a story about misogyny, Scheherazade.2 effectively construes such issues of misogyny as “Eastern.” The effect of displacing these problems of violence and oppression onto the East arguably provides a more palatable way for Western audiences to critique the West itself, but ultimately impedes transnational efforts. While seeking broad-scale reparation and advocacy, therefore, Scheherazade.2 nevertheless reinscribes orientalist stereotypes through the constructed narrative of a gendered and ethnic “Other.” A feminist orientalist critique draws out the paradoxical nuances of Scheherazade.2, parsing the dynamic network of musical and extra-musical factors that shape interpretations of the piece and its reparative potential. By considering the complex layers of agency, identity, and interaction that create new meanings in different contexts, this critique highlights the ways in which Scheherazade.2 works to redress issues of misogyny while also perpetuating discourses of essentialization and appropriation. This article argues overall that, by recognizing the feminist orientalist implications of Scheherazade.2, the reparative potential of the piece can be foregrounded and genuinely realized in a transnational context.
CMEs and SEPs During November–December 2020: A Challenge for Real‐Time Space Weather Forecasting
Authors: Palmerio Erika , Lee Christina O. , Mays M. Leila , Luhmann Janet G. , Lario David , Sánchez‐Cano Beatriz , Richardson Ian G. , Vainio Rami , Stevens Michael L. , Cohen Christina M. S. , Steinvall Konrad , Möstl Christian , Weiss Andreas J. , Nieves‐Chinchilla Teresa , Li Yan , Larson Davin E. , Heyner Daniel , Bale Stuart D. , Galvin Antoinette B. , Holmström Mats , Khotyaintsev Yuri V. , Maksimovic Milan , Mitrofanov Igor G.
Published: April 2022

Predictions of coronal mass ejections (CMEs) and solar energetic particles (SEPs) are a central issue in space weather forecasting. In recent years, interest in space weather predictions has expanded to include impacts at other planets beyond Earth as well as spacecraft scattered throughout the heliosphere. In this sense, the scope of space weather science now encompasses the whole heliospheric system, and multipoint measurements of solar transients can provide useful insights and validations for prediction models. In this work, we aim to analyze the whole inner heliospheric context between two eruptive flares that took place in late 2020, that is, the M4.4 flare of 29 November and the C7.4 flare of 7 December. This period is especially interesting because the STEREO‐A spacecraft was located ∼60° east of the Sun–Earth line, giving us the opportunity to test the capabilities of “predictions at 360°” using remote‐sensing observations from the Lagrange L1 and L5 points as input. We simulate the CMEs that were ejected during our period of interest and the SEPs accelerated by their shocks using the WSA–Enlil–SEPMOD modeling chain and four sets of input parameters, forming a “mini‐ensemble.” We validate our results using in situ observations at six locations, including Earth and Mars. We find that, despite some limitations arising from the models' architecture and assumptions, CMEs and shock‐accelerated SEPs can be reasonably studied and forecast in real time at least out to several tens of degrees away from the eruption site using the prediction tools employed here.
Sensitive screening of single nucleotide polymorphisms in cell free DNA for diagnosis of gestational tumours
Authors: Maher Geoffrey J. , Fisher Rosemary A. , Kaur Baljeet , Aguiar Xianne , Aravind Preetha , Cedeno Natashia , Clark James , Damon Debbie , Ghorani Ehsan , Januszewski Adam , Kalofonou Foteini , Murphy Ravindhi , Roy Rajat , Sarwar Naveed , Openshaw Mark R. , Seckl Michael J.
Published: April 2022

Tumours expressing human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG), the majority of which are difficult to biopsy due to their vascularity, have disparate prognoses depending on their origin. As optimal management relies on accurate diagnosis, we aimed to develop a sensitive cell free DNA (cfDNA) assay to non-invasively distinguish between cases of gestational and non-gestational origin. Deep error-corrected Illumina sequencing of 195 common single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in cfDNA and matched genomic DNA from 36 patients with hCG-secreting tumours (serum hCG 5 to 3,042,881 IU/L) and 7 controls with normal hCG levels (≤4 IU/L) was performed. cfDNA from confirmed gestational tumours with hCG levels ranging from 1497 to 700,855 IU/L had multiple (n ≥ 12) ‘non-host’ alleles (i.e. alleles of paternal origin). In such cases the non-host fraction of cfDNA ranged from 0.3 to 40.4% and correlated with serum hCG levels. At lower hCG levels the ability to detect non-host cfDNA was variable, with the detection limit dependent on the type of causative pregnancy. Patients with non-gestational tumours were identifiable by the absence of non-host cfDNA, with copy number alterations detectable in the majority of cases. Following validation in a larger cohort, our sensitive assay will enable clinicians to better inform patients, for whom biopsy is inappropriate, of their prognosis and provide optimum management.
Ultrafast cold-brewing of coffee by picosecond-pulsed laser extraction
Authors: Ziefuß Anna R. , Hupfeld Tim , Meckelmann Sven W. , Meyer Martin , Schmitz Oliver J. , Kaziur-Cegla Wiebke , Tintrop Lucie K. , Schmidt Torsten C. , Gökce Bilal , Barcikowski Stephan
Published: April 2022

Coffee is typically brewed by extracting roasted and milled beans with hot water, but alternative methods such as cold brewing became increasingly popular over the past years. Cold-brewed coffee is attributed to health benefits, fewer acids, and bitter substances. But the preparation of cold brew typically needs several hours or even days. To create a cold-brew coffee within a few minutes, we present an approach in which an ultrashort-pulsed laser system is applied at the brewing entity without heating the powder suspension in water, efficiently extracting caffeine and aromatic substances from the powder. Already 3 min irradiation at room temperature leads to a caffeine concentration of 25 mg caffeine per 100 ml, comparable to the concentrations achieved by traditional hot brewing methods but comes without heating the suspension. Furthermore, the liquid phase’s alkaloid content, analyzed by reversed-phase liquid chromatography coupled to high-resolution mass spectrometry, is dominated by caffeine and trigonelline and is comparable to traditional cold-brewed coffee rather than hot-brewed coffee. Furthermore, analyzing the head-space of the prepared coffee variants, using in-tube extraction dynamic head-space followed by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry, gives evidence that the lack of heating leads to the preservation of more (semi-)volatile substances like pyridine, which provide cold-brew coffee its unique taste. This pioneering study may give the impetus to investigate further the possibility of cold-brewing coffee, accelerated by more than one order of magnitude, using ultrafast laser systems.
Agro-active endo-therapy treated Xylella fastidiosa subsp. pauca-infected olive trees assessed by the first 1H-NMR-based metabolomic study
Authors: Girelli Chiara Roberta , Hussain Mudassar , Verweire Dimitri , Oehl Michael C. , Massana-Codina Josep , Avendaño Maier S. , Migoni Danilo , Scortichini Marco , Fanizzi Francesco Paolo
Published: April 2022

Xylella fastidiosa is a xylem-limited bacterium causing a range of economically important plant diseases in hundreds of crops. Over the last decade, a severe threat due to Olive Quick Decline Syndrome (OQDS), caused by Xylella fastidiosa subspecies pauca, affected the Salento olive groves (Apulia, South-East Italy). Very few phyto-therapeutics, including a Zn/Cu citric acid biocomplex foliar treatment, were evaluated to mitigate this disease. However, the traditional foliar applications result in the agro-actives reaching only partially their target. Therefore the development of novel endo-therapeutic systems was suggested. Metabolite fingerprinting is a powerful method for monitoring both, disease progression and treatment effects on the plant metabolism, allowing biomarkers detection. We performed, for the first time, short-term monitoring of metabolic pathways reprogramming for infected Ogliarola salentina and Cima di Melfi olive trees after precision intravascular biocomplex delivery using a novel injection system. Upon endo therapy, we observed specific variations in the leaf content of some metabolites. In particular, the 1H NMR-based metabolomics approach showed, after the injection, a significant decrease of both the disease biomarker quinic acid and mannitol with simultaneous increase of polyphenols and oleuropein related compounds in the leaf’s extracts. This combined metabolomics/endo-therapeutic methodology provided useful information in the comprehension of plant physiology for future applications in OQDS control.
High performance recycled CFRP composites based on reused carbon fabrics through sustainable mild solvolysis route
Authors: Ballout W. , Sallem-Idrissi N. , Sclavons M. , Doneux C. , Bailly C. , Pardoen T. , Van Velthem P.
Published: April 2022

A novel environmentally friendly recycling method is developed for large carbon-fibers reinforced-polymers composite panels whose efficiency is demonstrated through a proof-of-concept fabrication of a new composite part based on recycled fibers. The recycling process relies on formic acid as separation reagent at room temperature and atmospheric pressure with efficient recycling potential of the separating agent. Electron microscopy and thermal analysis indicate that the recycled fibers are covered by a thin layer of about 10wt.% of residual resin, alternating with few small particles, as compared to the smooth virgin fibers. The recycled composites show promising shear strength and compression after impact strength, with up to 93% retention of performance depending on the property as compared to the reference. The recycled carbon fibers can thus be reused for structural applications requiring moderate to high performances. The loss of properties is attributed to a lower adhesion between fresh epoxy resin and recycled carbon fibers due to the absence of sizing, partly compensated by a good interface between fresh and residual cured epoxy thanks to mechanical anchoring as well as chemical reactions. The room temperature and atmospheric pressure operating conditions combined to the recyclability of the forming acid contribute to the sustainability of the entire approach.
Ultrasound and nerve stimulator guidance lumbar transforaminal epidural block for the treatment of patients with lumbosacral radicular pain
Authors: Emami Seyed Ali , Sanatkar Mehdi , Espahbodi Ebrahim , Pestehei Seyed Khalil
Published: April 2022

Transforaminal epidural block (TEB) is a widely accepted technique and minimally invasive procedure for the treatment of lumbosacral radicular pain. This study aimed to evaluate the accuracy, efficacy, and safety of ultrasound and nerve stimulator guidance lumbar transforaminal epidural block (UNTEB) for the patients with unilateral lower lumbar radicular pain. The accuracy of this method was evaluated by fluoroscopy. Using UNTEB via axial and the in-plane approach technique was performed in 42 segments of 25 patients who presented with lumbosacral radicular pain to lower extremities. The contrast medium was injected to evaluate the needle tip at the intervertebral foramen under fluoroscopic guidance. The numerical rating scale was used to assess pain before and after treatment. The success ratio of UNTEB in L3/L4 level was 100%, in L4/L5 was 95.4% and in L5/S1 was 100%. The numerical rating scale (NRS) for lumbosacral radicular pain improved from a mean from 7.8 to 2.8 1 day after procedure (p = 0.01) and from a mean from 7.8 to 2.4 1 week after UNTEB (p = 0.01). None of our subjects experienced any complications during and after the procedure. UNTEB with fluoroscopic validation is an accurate, effective, and safe method for short-term pain relief of the patients with unilateral lumbosacral radicular pain.
Prostate cancer polygenic risk score and prediction of lethal prostate cancer
Authors: Klein Robert J. , Vertosick Emily , Sjoberg Dan , Ulmert David , Rönn Ann-Charlotte , Häggström Christel , Thysell Elin , Hallmans Göran , Dahlin Anders , Stattin Pär , Melander Olle , Vickers Andrew , Lilja Hans
Published: April 2022

Polygenic risk scores (PRS) for prostate cancer incidence have been proposed to optimize prostate cancer screening. Prediction of lethal prostate cancer is key to any stratified screening program to avoid excessive overdiagnosis. Herein, PRS for incident prostate cancer was evaluated in two population-based cohorts of unscreened middle-aged men linked to cancer and death registries: the Västerbotten Intervention Project (VIP) and the Malmö Diet and Cancer study (MDC). SNP genotypes were measured by genome-wide SNP genotyping by array followed by imputation or genotyping of selected SNPs using mass spectrometry. The ability of PRS to predict lethal prostate cancer was compared to PSA and a commercialized pre-specified model based on four kallikrein markers. The PRS was associated with incident prostate cancer, replicating previously reported relative risks, and was also associated with prostate cancer death. However, unlike PSA, the PRS did not show stronger association with lethal disease: the hazard ratio for prostate cancer incidence vs. prostate cancer metastasis and death was 1.69 vs. 1.65 in VIP and 1.25 vs. 1.25 in MDC. PSA was a much stronger predictor of prostate cancer metastasis or death with an area-under-the-curve of 0.78 versus 0.63 for the PRS. Importantly, addition of PRS to PSA did not contribute additional risk stratification for lethal prostate cancer. We have shown that a PRS that predicts prostate cancer incidence does not have utility above and beyond that of PSA measured at baseline when applied to the clinically relevant endpoint of prostate cancer death. These findings have implications for public health policies for delivery of prostate cancer screening. Focusing polygenic risk scores on clinically significant endpoints such as prostate cancer metastasis or death would likely improve clinical utility.
Cohort design and natural language processing to reduce bias in electronic health records research
Authors: Khurshid Shaan , Reeder Christopher , Harrington Lia X. , Singh Pulkit , Sarma Gopal , Friedman Samuel F. , Di Achille Paolo , Diamant Nathaniel , Cunningham Jonathan W. , Turner Ashby C. , Lau Emily S. , Haimovich Julian S. , Al-Alusi Mostafa A. , Wang Xin , Klarqvist Marcus D. R. , Ashburner Jeffrey M. , Diedrich Christian , Ghadessi Mercedeh , Mielke Johanna , Eilken Hanna M. , McElhinney Alice , Derix Andrea , Atlas Steven J. , Ellinor Patrick T. , Philippakis Anthony A. , Anderson Christopher D. , Ho Jennifer E. , Batra Puneet , Lubitz Steven A.
Published: April 2022

Electronic health record (EHR) datasets are statistically powerful but are subject to ascertainment bias and missingness. Using the Mass General Brigham multi-institutional EHR, we approximated a community-based cohort by sampling patients receiving longitudinal primary care between 2001-2018 (Community Care Cohort Project [C3PO], n = 520,868). We utilized natural language processing (NLP) to recover vital signs from unstructured notes. We assessed the validity of C3PO by deploying established risk models for myocardial infarction/stroke and atrial fibrillation. We then compared C3PO to Convenience Samples including all individuals from the same EHR with complete data, but without a longitudinal primary care requirement. NLP reduced the missingness of vital signs by 31%. NLP-recovered vital signs were highly correlated with values derived from structured fields (Pearson r range 0.95–0.99). Atrial fibrillation and myocardial infarction/stroke incidence were lower and risk models were better calibrated in C3PO as opposed to the Convenience Samples (calibration error range for myocardial infarction/stroke: 0.012–0.030 in C3PO vs. 0.028–0.046 in Convenience Samples; calibration error for atrial fibrillation 0.028 in C3PO vs. 0.036 in Convenience Samples). Sampling patients receiving regular primary care and using NLP to recover missing data may reduce bias and maximize generalizability of EHR research.
Pollinator sharing, copollination, and speciation by host shifting among six closely related dioecious fig species
Authors: Su Zhi-Hui , Sasaki Ayako , Kusumi Junko , Chou Po-An , Tzeng Hsy-Yu , Li Hong-Qing , Yu Hui
Published: April 2022

The obligate pollination mutualism between figs (Ficus, Moraceae) and pollinator wasps (Agaonidae, Hymenoptera) is a classic example of cospeciation. However, examples of phylogenetic incongruencies between figs and their pollinators suggest that pollinators may speciate by host shifting. To investigate the mechanism of speciation by host shifting, we examined the phylogenetic relationships and population genetic structures of six closely related fig species and their pollinators from southern China and Taiwan-Ryukyu islands using various molecular markers. The results revealed 1) an extraordinary case of pollinator sharing, in which five distinct fig species share a single pollinator species in southern China; 2) two types of copollination, namely, sympatric copollination by pollinator duplication or pollinator migration, and allopatric copollination by host migration and new pollinator acquisition; 3) fig species from southern China have colonized Taiwan repeatedly and one of these events has been followed by host shifting, reestablishment of host specificity, and pollinator speciation, in order. Based on our results, we propose a model for pollinator speciation by host shifting in which the reestablishment of host-specificity plays a central role in the speciation process. These findings provide important insights into understanding the mechanisms underlying pollinator speciation and host specificity in obligate pollination mutualism.
Unveiling two-dimensional magnesium hydride as a hydrogen storage material via a generative adversarial network
Authors: Lee Junho , Sung Dongchul , Chung You Kyoung , Song Seon Bin , Huh Joonsuk
Published: April 2022

A two-dimensional (2D) P4̄m2 MgH2 sheet was unveiled with a generative adversarial network. Also, the hydrogen storage properties of Li-decorated 2D MgH2 were confirmed using the DFT calculations.
Isolation of monomeric copper(ii) phenolate selenoether complexes using chelating ortho-bisphenylselenide-phenolate ligands and their electrocatalytic hydrogen gas evolution activity
Authors: Upadhyay Aditya , Meena Harshita , Jha Raushan Kumar , Kanika  , Kumar Sangit
Published: April 2022

A series of stable copper(ii) selenolate complexes have been synthesized and structurally characterized for electrocatalytic proton reduction to H2 gas.
Near real-time event detection for watershed monitoring with CANARY
Authors: Burkhardt Jonathan B. , Sahoo Debabrata , Hammond Benjamin , Long Michael , Haxton Terranna , Murray Regan
Published: April 2022

Near real-time data-driven watershed monitoring aids regulatory compliance and improved water quality. CANARY helped identify suspected illicit dumping events.
Mechanisms regulating the sorting of soluble lysosomal proteins
Authors: Meraş İçten , Maes Juliette , Lefrancois Stephane
Published: April 2022

Lysosomes are key regulators of many fundamental cellular processes such as metabolism, autophagy, immune response, cell signalling and plasma membrane repair. These highly dynamic organelles are composed of various membrane and soluble proteins, which are essential for their proper functioning. The soluble proteins include numerous proteases, glycosidases and other hydrolases, along with activators, required for catabolism. The correct sorting of soluble lysosomal proteins is crucial to ensure the proper functioning of lysosomes and is achieved through the coordinated effort of many sorting receptors, resident ER and Golgi proteins, and several cytosolic components. Mutations in a number of proteins involved in sorting soluble proteins to lysosomes result in human disease. These can range from rare diseases such as lysosome storage disorders, to more prevalent ones, such as Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease and others, including rare neurodegenerative diseases that affect children. In this review, we discuss the mechanisms that regulate the sorting of soluble proteins to lysosomes and highlight the effects of mutations in this pathway that cause human disease. More precisely, we will review the route taken by soluble lysosomal proteins from their translation into the ER, their maturation along the Golgi apparatus, and sorting at the trans-Golgi network. We will also highlight the effects of mutations in this pathway that cause human disease.
Working Memory Performance in Children With Developmental Language Disorder: The Role of Domain
Authors: Larson Caroline , Ellis Weismer Susan
Published: April 2022

Purpose:

This study examined working memory in children with developmental language disorder (DLD). The overarching goal of this work was to integrate three primary processing-based hypotheses of DLD, (a) limited verbal working memory, (b) slowed processing speed, and (c) inefficient inhibition of interference, by using the serial-order-in-a-box–complex span (SOB-CS) computational model as our theoretical framework. We also examined the role of domain in working memory performance by varying the domain of interference and recall (i.e., verbal vs. nonverbal) task demands.

Method:

Participants were 55 school-age children, 21 children with DLD and 34 age-matched typically developing (TD) peers (9–13 years old).

Results:

Findings indicated that verbal and nonverbal working memory performance was poorer in the DLD than TD group. There was a modest benefit of dispersing interference and recall task demands across domains relative to task demands being within one domain, yet verbal interference affected performance to a greater degree than nonverbal interference in the DLD group.

Conclusions:

Overall findings supported a role for each of the processing-based hypotheses of DLD, albeit an incomplete role. In contrast, the SOB-CS model accounted for interrelationships among these processing-based factors and provided an explanation across patterns of findings. Thus, the SOB-CS model represents a useful step forward in explaining processing in children with DLD.

Supplemental Material:

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.19526179
Polarimetry of M-type asteroids in the context of their surface composition
Authors: Belskaya I. , Berdyugin A. , Krugly Yu. , Donchev Z. , Sergeyev A. , Gil-Hutton R. , Mykhailova S. , Bonev T. , Piirola V. , Berdyugina S. , Kagitani M. , Sakanoi T.
Published: April 2022

Aims. We aim to investigate how polarimetric observations can improve our understanding of the nature and diversity of M/X-type asteroids.

Methods. Polarimetric observations of the selected M/X-type asteroids were carried out at the Tohoku 0.6-m telescope at Haleakala Observatory, Hawaii (simultaneously in BVR filters), the 2-m telescope of the Bulgarian National Astronomical Observatory in Rozhen (in R filter), and the 2.15-m telescope of the Complejo Astronómico El Leoncito (CASLEO), Argentina (in V filter). We analysed the polarimetric characteristics of M/X-type asteroids along with the available data obtained by other techniques.

Results. New polarimetric observations of 22 M/X-type asteroids combined with published observations provide a data set of 41 asteroids for which the depth of a negative polarisation branch and/or inversion angle were determined. We found that the depth of the negative polarisation branch tends to increase with decreasing steepness of the near-infrared spectra. Asteroids with a deeper negative polarisation branch tend to have a higher radar circular polarisation ratio. We show that, based on the relationship of the depth of the negative polarisation branch and inversion angle, two main sub-types can be distinguished among M-type asteroids. We suggest that these groups may be related to different surface compositions similar to (1) irons and stony-irons and (2) enstatite and iron-rich carbonaceous chondrites.
Cross sectional analysis of mandibular anthropometric points using CBCT to derive biometric measurements for a safer approach to mandible osteotomies
Authors: Kini Yogesh , Girotra Charu , Padhye Mukul , Tomar Gaurav , Kankaria Madhur , Nebhnani Sneha , Maini Aastha , Meswani Sagar
Published: April 2022

Purpose: This study aims to derive a series of biometric measurements using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) from a cross sectional group of population to help the surgeon accurately locate the mandibular foramen and the mental foramen during mandibular osteotomies. Methods: CBCT images of 800 subjects were evaluated. Various measurements were noted and compared between the two sides of the mandible in and between the sexes. Result: Statistically significant values were noted between the right and left sides of Line X to Point A in female subjects, Line Z & Line B only in male subjects and Line X’ in both male and female subjects. However, Line Y was found to be significant when comparing both sides in both males and females and also on correlation between the genders. Conclusion: Although the identification of the mandibular lingula and anatomical landmarks is an important step during mandibular osteotomies, the position of one side, however, cannot be blindly extrapolated to the contra lateral side. Also, pre operative CBCT is a useful tool to derive measurements which when transferred clinically during the surgery gives an accurate and safe approach for localisation of lingula, thus reducing the incidence of post operative neurologic morbidities.
100 Jahre Metformin
Authors: Bergmann Antje , Schwarz Peter E.H.
Published: April 2022

Wir führen gerade den 80-Stunden-Kurs Klinische Diabetologie mit 140 angehenden jungen Diabetologen-Kollegen digital durch. In diesem Kurs wurde viel über Metformin diskutiert und es zeigte sich, dass sich Metformin auch unter jungen Kollegen eigentlich einer großen Beliebtheit erfreut. Die Geschichte von Metformin ist gleichermaßen beeindruckend. 1922 wurde von den Kollegen Werner und Bell am Trinity-College in Dublin Metformin das erste Mal synthetisiert. 1929 gibt es den ersten Bericht zu Metformin von zwei deutschen Wissenschaftlern, die die Substanz an einem Tiermodell mit Fieber angewandt haben. In dieser Studie wurde Metformin getestet als Therapeutikum, um Influenza zu behandeln. Das war auch eingangs das Indikationsgebiet für die Anwendung von Metformin ̶ man hat damit Grippe behandelt. In der Folgezeit gibt es einige Berichte, die zeigen, dass Patienten ohnmächtig geworden sind und man stellte fest, dass sie unterzuckert haben. Das war die Geburtsstunde für Metformin als Diabetestherapeutikum, welches in den 1950er und 60er Jahren dann in vielen Ländern in Europa zugelassen wurde. Aus der Substanzklasse der Biguanide stand aber immer das Damoklesschwert der Laktatazidose über dem Metformin, sodass es insbesondere in den USA nicht oder sehr selten eingesetzt wurde. Erst die große amerikanische Präventionsstudie (Diabetes Prevention Program ̶ DPP) hat die Sichtweise auf Metformin in den USA geändert. Wie ist die Situation heute? Metformin entwickelt sich weiter und wird vom Therapeutikum gegen Diabetes eigentlich ein Krebstherapeutikum. Studien zeigen eine signifikante Reduktion des Krebsrisikos durch die Anwendung von Metformin.
Diabetestechnologie und Digitalisierung
Authors: Thomas Andreas
Published: April 2022

Diabetestechnologie und Digitalisierung – das sind zwei ausgesprochen innovative Entwicklungen für die Diabetestherapie. Sie sind auch gar nicht voneinander zu trennen. Diabetestechnologie hat die Therapie von Patienten mit Diabetes, insbesondere mit Insulinhandlung sehr stark verändert, indem sie eine starke Therapieunterstützung gewährleistet. Im Mittelpunkt steht dabei das kontinuierliche Glukosemonitoring (CGM). Mit dieser Methode lassen sich nicht nur die von den Patienten wegen ihrer notwendigen Selbstverletzung als unangenehm empfundenen Blutzuckermessungen minimieren, CGM unterstützt auch unmittelbar das Therapiemanagement im Rahmen der Insulinbehandlung. Vor allem aber ist CGM ein Baustein in automatisierten Insulinabgabesystemen (AID-Systemen, automated insulin delivery), die in Deutschland seit 2019 verfügbar sind und zu klinischen Resultaten führen, die praktisch euglykämisch sind. Weiterhin ist CGM auch ein Instrument der Digitalisierung, weil es kontinuierlich Glukosedaten erzeugt und verarbeitet. Das ermöglicht dessen Einsatz in Therapieentscheidungssystemen. CGM ist eines der größten Innovationen der Diabetologie in den letzten Jahrzehnten. Wenn es dazu noch interoperabel ist, d. h. die Möglichkeit besteht es mit verschiedenen Geräten und Softwarelösungen zu verbinden, dann erweitert ein solches CGM bei insulinbehandelten Patienten das Glukosemanagement zum Insulin-, Daten- und Alltagsmanagement.
Diabetestechnologie 2022
Authors: Thomas Andreas
Published: April 2022

Die Diabetestechnologie umfasst eine große Menge an Hilfsmitteln, direkt für die Diabetestherapie, aber auch darüber hinaus. Grundsätzlich lässt sie sich unterteilen in Technologien für die Insulinzufuhr, für die Glukosediagnostik, für die Behandlung von diabetischen Folgeerkrankungen und auch für die „biologische Heilung des Diabetes“ (z. B. Verkapselung von Inselzellen). Die Technologien für die Insulinzufuhr und die Glukosemessung bestimmen aktuell die Entwicklung. Dabei ist das Zusammengehen von beiden zur automatisierten Insulinzufuhr ein vorläufiger Höhepunkt der Entwicklung. Insgesamt zeigt sich, dass Diabetestechnologie zunehmend die Diabetestherapie bestimmt. In dieser Darstellung wird ein Überblick über den aktuellen Stand dieses sich stürmisch entwickelnden Gebietes gegeben.
Digitalisierung in der Diabetologie
Authors: Thomas Andreas
Published: April 2022

Digitalisierung ist aktuell ein viel benutzter Begriff. Er hat auch eine politische Bedeutung, entscheidet sich doch mit der Umsetzung der digitalen Transformation der ökonomische Erfolg der Zukunft. Dass eines der vielen Anwendungsfelder der Digitalisierung im Bereich der Gesundheitsversorgung liegt, ist naheliegend. Schließlich produzieren viele diagnostische Methoden digitalisierte Daten, die abgespeichert, ausgewertet und weitergeleitet werden. Umso verwunderlicher ist es, dass vorhandene Limitierungen in den Vordergrund treten und die Digitalisierung behindern. Dabei hängt vom Erfolg der Digitalisierung auch die Zukunft einer qualitätsgerechten Diabetologie ab, nimmt doch die Zahl der Patienten ständig zu, während sich die Arztdichte in den nächsten Jahren verringern wird. Auf diese Aspekte der Digitalisierung im Gesundheitswesen und speziell der Diabetologie wird nachfolgend eingegangen.
Corona und die Soziale Gesundheit: Projekt CoronaCare untersucht, wie es Pflegekraften wahrend des Lockdowns erging
Authors: Heeser Alexandra
Published: April 2022

Unter dem Titel „CoronaCare“ erforscht ein Team von Wissenschaftlerinnen und Wissenschaftlern unter anderem das Spannungsfeld zwischen dem beruflichen Ethos guter Pflege und den notwendigen Corona-Maßnahmen der vergangenen Jahre. Mit der Studie soll der Frage nachgegangen werden, wie in Zeiten von Corona soziale Gesundheit aufrechterhalten werden kann. kma sprach mit einer der beiden Studienleitern, Professorin Christine Holmberg.
Progesterone activates GPR126 to promote breast cancer development via the Gi pathway
Authors: An Wentao , Lin Hui , Ma Lijuan , Zhang Chao , Zheng Yuan , Cheng Qiuxia , Ma Chuanshun , Wu Xiang , Zhang Zihao , Zhong Yani , Wang Menghui , He Dongfang , Yang Zhao , Du Lutao , Feng Shiqing , Wang Chuanxin , Yang Fan , Xiao Peng , Zhang Pengju , Yu Xiao , Sun Jin-Peng
Published: April 2022

Significance

The steroid hormone progesterone is highly involved in different physiological–pathophysiological processes, including bone formation and cancer progression. Understanding the working mechanisms, especially identifying the receptors of progesterone hormones, is of great value. In the present study, we identified GPR126 as a membrane receptor for both progesterone and 17-hydroxyprogesterone and triggered its downstream G protein signaling. We further characterized the residues of GPR126 that interact with these two ligands and found that progesterone promoted the progression of a triple-negative breast cancer model through GPR126-dependent Gi-SRC signaling. Therefore, developing antagonists targeting GPR126-Gi may provide an alternative therapeutic option for patients with triple-negative breast cancer.
Understanding the Values and Attitudes of New Residents in a Community Intentionally Designed to Elicit Social Connections
Authors: Sheehan Dwayne P. , Ammar Diala F.
Published: April 2022

This case study focuses on developing an objective, baseline understanding of the opinions and behaviors of residents currently residing in the developing neighborhood of Livingston (Calgary, Alberta, Canada). Livingston is unique because it is a new community composed of mostly young couples from diverse backgrounds who have collectively chosen to be part of a community-focused developing neighborhood. More specifically, researchers from Mount Royal University (MRU) explored the sense of belonging, physical activity behaviors, and level of engagement of the pioneer residents (first families who opted to move in to this brand-new community). This baseline knowledge can be used by the developer (Brookfield Residential) and local recreation leaders (such as Vivo for Healthier Generations and City of Calgary Recreation) to understand the current and anticipated expectations of residents living in Livingston, including opportunities for active and healthy living. Discoveries from this study can also provide evidence to help inform future planning and decision making related to the built environment and vibrancy within a community as it is being built. A combination of semi-structured interviews with families living in Livingston along with personalized physical activity (PA) behavior assessments and validated questionnaires for both children and adults living in Livingston were used. Several themes emerged from the data analysis including (but not limited to); neighborhood vibrancy, environmental appeal, health and happiness, harmonious living, belonging, and infrastructure.

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© D.P. Sheehan and D.F. Ammar, 2020