bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Halogen‐Free Donor Polymers Based on Dicyanobenzotriazole with Low Energy Loss and High Efficiency in Organic Solar Cells
Authors: Wang Lei , Zhang Lifu , Kim Seoyoung , Wang Tingting , Yuan Zhongyi , Yang Changduk , Hu Yu , Zhao Xiaohong , Chen Yiwang
Published: January 2023

Halogenation of organic semiconductors is an efficient strategy for improving the performance of organic solar cells (OSCs), while the introduction of halogens usually involves complex synthetic process and serious environment pollution problems. Herein, three halogen‐free ternary copolymer donors (PCNx, x = 3, 4, 5) based on electron‐withdrawing dicyanobenzotriazole are reported. When blended with the Y6, PCN3 with strong interchain interactions results in appropriate crystallinity and thermodynamic miscibility of the blend film. Grazing‐incidence wide‐angle X‐ray scattering measurements indicate that PCN3 has more ordered arrangement and stronger π–π stacking than previous PCN2. Fourier‐transform photocurrent spectroscopy and external quantum efficiency of electroluminescence measurements show that PCN3‐based OSCs have lower energy loss than PCN2, which leads to their higher open‐circuit voltage (0.873 V). The device based on PCN3 reaches power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 15.33% in binary OSCs, one of the highest values for OSCs with halogen‐free donor polymers. The PCE of 17.80% and 18.10% are obtained in PM6:PCN3:Y6 and PM6:PCN3:BTP‐eC9 ternary devices, much higher than those of PM6:Y6 (16.31%) and PM6:BTP‐eC9 (17.33%) devices. Additionally, this ternary OSCs exhibit superior stability compared to binary host system. This work gives a promising path for halogen‐free donor polymers to achieve low energy loss and high PCE.
2D VS2@MXene Based Zinc Ion Batteries with SPANI‐Contained Electrolyte Enables Dendrite‐Free Anode for Stable Cycling
Authors: Meng Peiyu , Wang Wei , Shang Jiayin , Liu Pan , Xu Hao , Wang Qiguan , Wang Sumin , Wang Feifei , Wang Xinhai
Published: January 2023

Regarded as one of the popular cathode materials in aqueous zinc ion batteries (ZIBs), VS2has unsatisfied cycling stability and relatively low capacity owing to its poor conductivity and low mechanical properties. To this regard, compositing VS2with high‐conductive 2D transition metal carbide (MXene) has been an effective method recently. However, the Zn dendrite on the anode electrode derived from the uncontrollable sluggish migration of solvated Zn2+/H2O ions seriously threatens the application safety of ZIB batteries. To effectively regulate the diffusion of zinc ions, in this work a conductive polymeric electrolyte of sulfonated polyaniline (SPANI) is added in the electrolyte solution. Under the Zn2+/SPANI interactions confirmed by X‐ray diffraction, Raman, and zeta potential experiments, the Zn2+/H2O combination is weakened, and the deposition rate of Zn2+is increased evaluated by the galvanostatic intermittent titration technique. Theoretical simulation shows that the electrostatic shielding by SPANI combining Zn2‐at the zinc/electrolyte interface has important contribution to the significant suppression of Zn dendrite. Accordingly, the fabricated VS2@MXene||ZnSO4+SPANI||Zn battery shows high capacity (368.0 mAh g‐1at 0.1 A g‐1), which remains 96% after 5000 cyclic charge–discharge operations. This work develops an available strategic idea for suppressing growth of metallic dendrites to improve the ZIB performances.
Corrugation Reinforced Architectured Materials by Direct Laser Hardening: A Study of Geometrically Induced Work Hardening in Steel
Authors: Wang Zhige , Bouaziz Olivier , Dirrenberger Justin , Lapouge Pierre
Published: January 2023

Improving the strength‐to‐ductility trade‐off remains the prime driving force for the development of advanced high‐strength steel. Traditionally research breakthroughs are focused on the microstructure and relative phase composition. Herein, laser hardening is applied to ductile ferritic steel to introduce straight and corrugated martensitic reinforcements, effectively generating architectured steel sheets. Tensile behavior of laser‐architectured samples is studied both using finite‐element method simulation and mechanical testing to reveal the effect of laser‐induced corrugations on strength and necking strain. The results show that with the same reinforced volume fraction of 24%, an increase in corrugation height/period leads to a gain in necking strain with a loss in yield strength and ultimate tensile stress. This beneficial effect on necking strain is due to the corrugation unbending process which introduces so‐called geometric work hardening during tension. Extended simulations are carried out on various corrugation heights/periods and the evolution trends of ultimate tensile strength and necking change with different reinforced volumes. This study proposes a perspective on corrugation‐reinforced architectured materials. Corrugation parameters can be chosen to tailor the mechanical behavior of laser‐architectured materials.
Prediction and Online Optimization of Strip Shape in Hot Strip Rolling Process Using Sparrow Search Algorithm‐Online Sequential‐Deep Multilayer Extreme Learning Machine Algorithm
Authors: Zhang Yijie , Ding Jingguo , Sun Jie , Zhang Dianhua
Published: January 2023

In the hot strip process, the prediction of strip shape is a key factor to improve the quality of products. However, strip‐shape prediction models based on traditional machine learning algorithms with relatively simple network structures often rely on data preprocessing and feature selection. Herein, five strip‐shape prediction models are proposed by combining sparrow search algorithm (SSA), particle swarm optimization algorithm (PSO), extreme learning machine (ELM), and deep multilayer extreme learning machine (DELM). The prediction experiments show that the SSA‐DELM model has highest accuracy, and the determination coefficient (R2) of crown prediction and flatness prediction of SSA‐DELM model is 0.971 and 0.979. 100% of the samples have a prediction error of less than ±7 μm and ±7 IU. Furthermore, to solve the problem of concept drift affecting prediction accuracy in industrial processes, online optimization method is proposed. Especially, online sequential deep ELM model (OS‐DELM) optimized by SSA and guided by double window drift detection is proposed to fill the gap. Compared with other online optimization methods, the update time with this method can be reduced by up to 83.05% averagely, which is more suitable for online strip‐shape prediction in hot rolling process.
Creating Nation Brand: The Model of Qatar
Authors: Al-Tamimi Nawaf , Amin Azzam , Zarrinabadi Nourollah
Published: January 2023

In this chapter, the authors argue that Qatar established its nation brand by simultaneously improving different qualities needed for creating a nation brand. In so doing, the chapter presents information about different aspects of Qatari nation brand and Qatar’s political activities. Also, different aspects of nation branding such as Qatar’s economic profile, different humanitarian activities performed by Qatar, and this state’s endeavors to promote sport and tourism in the country are described in detail in this chapter.
The Blockade, Social Media, and National Identity
Authors: Al-Tamimi Nawaf , Amin Azzam , Zarrinabadi Nourollah
Published: January 2023

This chapter elaborates on the links between the blockade of Qatar and its relationship with Qatari nationals’ psychological well-being and their sense of national identity. To this end, the chapter reviews the research on various psychological and attitudinal effects of the blockade on Qatari people. Moreover, it presents the research on how the development of a sense of national identity influenced Qataris’ well-being during the blockade. Finally, the chapter presents the results of research on the use of social media before and after the blockade and how social media were used to show national identity and support for the government after the blockade.
Event Simulation
Authors: Hanagaki Kazunori , Tanaka Junichi , Tomoto Makoto , Yamazaki Yuji
Published: January 2023

Not only real experimental data but also simulated data are necessary for modern data analyses because experiments, that is, detectors, etc. are getting complex so that we need the help of Monte Carlo (MC) simulation to understand the experimental data.
JT gravity from holographic reduction of 3D asymptotically flat spacetime
Authors: Bhattacharjee Arindam , Saha Muktajyoti
Published: January 2023

Abstract

We attempt to understand the CFT1 structure underlying (2+1)D gravity in flat spacetime via dimensional reduction. We observe that under superrotation, the hyperbolic (and dS2) slices of flat spacetime transform to asymptotically (A)dS2 slices. We consider a wedge region bounded by two such surfaces as End-of-the-World branes and employ Wedge holography to perform holographic reduction. We show that once we consider fluctuating branes, the localised theory on the branes is Jackiw-Teitelboim (JT) theory. Finally, using the dual description of JT, we derive an 1D Schwarzian theory at the spatial slice of null infinity. In this dual Celestial (nearly) CFT, the superrotation mode of 3D plays the role of the Schwarzian derivative of the boundary time reparametrization mode.
Radiation-reaction in the Effective Field Theory approach to Post-Minkowskian dynamics
Authors: Kälin Gregor , Neef Jakob , Porto Rafael A.
Published: January 2023

Abstract

We extend the Post-Minkowskian (PM) effective field theory (EFT) approach to incorporate conservative and dissipative radiation-reaction effects in a unified framework. This is achieved by implementing the Schwinger-Keldysh “in-in” formalism and separating conservative and non-conservative terms according to the formulation in [1], which we show promotes Feynman’s i0-prescription and cutting rules to a prominent role at the classical level. The resulting integrals, involving both Feynman and retarded propagators, can be bootstrapped to all orders in the velocity via differential equations with boundary conditions including potential and radiation modes. As a paradigmatic example we provide an ab initio derivation of the classical solution to the scattering problem in general relativity to $$ \mathcal{O} $$
O
(G3). For the sake of completeness, we also reproduce the leading order radiation-reaction effects in classical electrodynamics.
Gregory-Laflamme encounters Superradiance
Authors: Dias Óscar J. C. , Ishii Takaaki , Murata Keiju , Santos Jorge E. , Way Benson
Published: January 2023

Abstract

We investigate the effect of superradiant scattering of gravitational perturbations on the stability of rotating black strings, focusing on the six dimensional equal-spinning Myers-Perry black string. We find that rapidly rotating black strings are unstable to gravitational superradiant modes within a bounded range of string lengths. The instability occurs because momentum along the string direction creates a potential barrier that allows for the confinement of superradiant modes. Yet, five dimensional Myers-Perry black holes do not have stable particle orbits so, unlike other known superradiant systems, these black strings remain stable to perturbations with sufficiently high azimuthal mode number — this is a ‘finite-m’ superradiant instability. For some parameters, this instability competes with the Gregory-Laflamme instability, but otherwise exists independently. The onset of this instability is degenerate and branches to multiple steady-state solutions. This paper is the first of a trilogy: in the next two, we construct two distinct families of rotating strings emerging from the superradiant onset (the ‘black resonator strings’ and ‘helical black strings’). We argue that similar physics is present in 5-dimensional Kerr black strings, but not in D > 6 equal-spinning Myers-Perry black strings.
Quantum entanglement and top spin correlations in SMEFT at higher orders
Authors: Severi Claudio , Vryonidou Eleni
Published: January 2023

Abstract

We present the first analysis of top spin polarizations, $$ t\overline{t} $$
t

t
¯

spin correlations, and $$ t\overline{t} $$
t

t
¯

spin entanglement at the LHC in the context of the Standard Model Effective Field Theory, that goes beyond Leading Order QCD accuracy. The complete set of independent dimension-6 operators entering $$ t\overline{t} $$
t

t
¯

production is identified, and their effects on all top spin observables are extracted at linear and quadratic order in c/Λ2. By comparing results at LO and NLO, we note that the inclusion of higher orders, while not dramatically changing the picture, often amounts to notable numerical differences, that are not fully captured by LO scale variation. We also find that the expected deviations from the SM have an intricate phase space structure, and show up predominantly at large top pT. For this reason, we advocate for the measurement of spin observables differentially or doubly-differentially in the $$ t\overline{t} $$
t

t
¯

phase-space. We show how the inclusion of present and future top spin measurements will improve global fits to top LHC data, by also addressing the issue of flat directions.
$$ T\overline{T} $$ + Λ2 from a 2d gravity path integral
Authors: Torroba Gonzalo
Published: January 2023

Abstract

We develop a two-dimensional gravity path integral formulation of the $$ T\overline{T} $$
T

T
¯

+ Λ2 deformation of quantum field theory. This provides an exactly solvable generalization of the pure $$ T\overline{T} $$
T

T
¯

deformation that is relevant for de Sitter and flat space holography. The path integral sheds light on quantum aspects of these flows in curved space, most notably the Weyl anomaly, the operator relation for the trace of the energy-momentum tensor, and the renormalization of the composite $$ T\overline{T} $$
T

T
¯

operator. It also applies to both the Hagedorn and the holographic signs of such flows. We present explicit calculations for the torus and sphere partition functions that reproduce previous results in the literature, now in path integral language. Finally, we use the path integral representation in order to establish an explicit map with 3d gravity, and obtain new predictions for flat space holography.
Schnelle Abheilung einer schweren Psoriasis vulgaris bei einem HIV-positiven Patienten unter antiretroviraler Therapie
Authors: Bauditz L. , Booken N. , Schneider S. W. , Abeck F.
Published: January 2023

Im Rahmen einer HIV-Erkrankung kann es zur Exazerbation einer Psoriasis vulgaris kommen. Wir präsentieren den Fall eines Patienten mit schwerer Psoriasis vulgaris (PASI 34,2) und HIV-Erstdiagnose, der unter der Einleitung einer antiretroviralen Therapie eine nahezu vollständige Abheilung der Psoriasis zeigte. Die antiretrovirale Therapie stellt eine effektive Behandlungsoption der HIV-assoziierten Psoriasis dar. Insbesondere im Falle einer plötzlichen Exazerbation oder Therapieresistenz der Psoriasis sollte die Durchführung einer HIV-Diagnostik in Erwägung gezogen werden, da das Wissen über eine zugrunde liegende Infektion elementar für die Wahl des Therapieansatzes ist.
Rechtsmedizinische Leichenfundortuntersuchung mit Leichenschau
Authors: Haberer B. , Dettmeyer R. , Birngruber C. G.
Published: January 2023

Hintergrund

Die Leichenfundortuntersuchung mit rechtsmedizinischer Leichenschau im Vorfeld der Obduktion kann für deren Planung hilfreich sein. Häufigkeit, Umfang und Art der dokumentierten Leichenfundortuntersuchung mit Leichenschau unterliegen interindividuellen und interinstitutionellen Einflüssen. Eine wissenschaftliche Untersuchung rechtsmedizinischer Leichenfundortuntersuchungen und eine systematische Standardisierung gibt es bisher nicht.

Material und Methoden

Insgesamt 3622 Akten aus dem Archiv des Instituts für Rechtsmedizin der Justus-Liebig-Universität Gießen aus den Jahren 2005–2014 wurden gesichtet. 121 Fälle mit einer Leichenfundortuntersuchung mit Leichenschau durch eine/n Rechtsmediziner/in vor Ort wurden ausgewertet.

Ergebnisse

Die Leichenfundortuntersuchungen, einschließlich Dokumentation der Befunde, wurden während des 10-jährigen Untersuchungszeitraums unterschiedlich gehandhabt. Es zeigte sich eine Zunahme an Leichenfundortuntersuchungen um rund 380 % vom ersten zum letzten Untersuchungsjahr. Der Anteil an Tötungsdelikten bei den Leichenfundortuntersuchungen betrug 46 %. In 63 % aller Fälle fanden sich Dokumentationslücken, die im Verlauf des Untersuchungszeitraums und mit der häufigeren Anfertigung von Leichenfundortuntersuchungsberichten deutlich abnahmen. Bei der Dokumentation von Verletzungsmustern sank der Anteil an unvollständigen Daten von 89 % auf 11 %, bei den Temperaturmessungen am Leichenfundort von 73 % auf 27 %. Exklusiv am Leichenfundort erhebbare dokumentierte Zusatzinformationen fanden sich im Sinne von Blutspurenverteilungsmustern (48 %) und Hinweisen auf mögliche Tatwerkzeuge (57 %).

Schlussfolgerungen

Die rechtsmedizinische Leichenfundortuntersuchung mit Leichenschau wurde zunehmend häufiger durchgeführt. Die Untersuchung des Leichnams vor Ort und die Inaugenscheinnahme der Umgebung liefern Informationen, die über die alleinige autoptische Befunderhebung hinausgehen und eine wertvolle Grundlage für die Einordung von Obduktionsbefunden und für rekonstruktive Überlegungen zu Tatgeschehen darstellen. Um die Qualität der Befunderhebungen am Leichenfundort und die Qualität der zugehörigen Dokumentation zu verbessern, ist eine standardisierte Leichenfundortuntersuchung mit Leichenschau und Dokumentation anzustreben.
Fotodokumentation von Verletzungen: rechtssicher ohne Rechtsmedizin?
Authors: Kono Naomi Miriam , Stockhausen Sarah , Giannoulaki Menexia , Engelmann Theresa Antonia , Wolff-Maras Roman , Debertin Anette Solveig
Published: January 2023

Hintergrund

Eine flächendeckende Verfügbarkeit von rechtsmedizinischen Leistungen besteht in Deutschland derzeit nicht. Dem gegenüber steht der Bedarf an gesellschaftlich gebotenen und aktuell sogar gesetzlich verankerten niederschwelligen Strukturen zur Spurensicherung und zur Beweisdokumentation. Vor diesem Hintergrund gewinnen Digitalisierung und telemedizinische Strukturen auch in der Versorgung von Gewaltbetroffenen immer mehr an Bedeutung. Der allgemeine technische Fortschritt ermöglicht hierbei die Vereinfachung von Dokumentation, Kommunikation, aber auch möglicher Manipulation von Befunden.

Fragestellung

Manipulationen können einerseits durch direkte Vortäuschung von Verletzungen auf dem Körper selbst, andererseits durch technische Bearbeitung am Bildmaterial vorgenommen werden und stellen die Zuverlässigkeit und Authentizität der Befunde infrage. Inwieweit können fotografische Selbstdokumentationen von vermeintlichen Verletzungen den forensischen Standards entsprechen, um als belastbares Beweismittel in ein Verfahren eingebracht zu werden und somit die rechtsmedizinische Untersuchung ersetzen?

Methoden

Anhand von Fallbeispielen aus der forensischen Routine, Selbstversuchen und digital mittels der Applikation Procreate® (Savage Software Group Pty. Ltd., Hobart, TAS, Australia) bearbeiteten Fotografien werden die Möglichkeiten, Grenzen und Fallstricke der Selbstdokumentation von Verletzungen diskutiert.

Schlussfolgerung

Mittels einfach im Internet zugänglicher Anleitungen und unkompliziert anzuwendender Verfahren ist die analoge und digitale Manipulation von Befunden ohne erheblichen Aufwand möglich. Aufgrund erstaunlich realistischer manipulierter Befunde sind Risiken im Hinblick auf rechtsstaatliche Verfahren bei der Beurteilung mitzudenken, insbesondere bei fehlenden verbindlichen Regelungen zur Validierung und zur Fehleranalyse digitaler Informationsverarbeitungsprozesse. Die Analyse zeigt, dass die direkte analoge Inaugenscheinnahme durch Rechtsmediziner_innen derzeit nicht zu ersetzen ist.
Innate receptors modulating adaptive T cell responses: KIR-HLA interactions and T cell-mediated control of chronic viral infections
Authors: Mora-Bitria Laura , Asquith Becca
Published: January 2023

Killer-cell immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIRs) are mainly expressed on natural killer (NK) cells and are key regulators of innate immune responses. NK cells are the first responders in the face of infection and help promote placentation during pregnancy; the importance of KIRs in these NK-mediated processes is well-established. However, mounting evidence suggests that KIRs also have a prominent and long-lasting effect on the adaptive immune system. Here, we review the evidence for the impact of KIRs on T cell responses with a focus on the clinical significance of this interaction.
The exponential input-to-state stability property: characterisations and feedback connections
Authors: Guiver Chris , Logemann Hartmut
Published: January 2023

The exponential input-to-state stability (ISS) property is considered for systems of controlled nonlinear ordinary differential equations. A characterisation of this property is provided, including in terms of a so-called exponential ISS Lyapunov function and a natural concept of linear state/input-to-state $$L^2$$

L
2

-gain. Further, the feedback connection of two exponentially ISS systems is shown to be exponentially ISS provided a suitable small-gain condition is satisfied.
Identification of untrained class data using neuron clusters
Authors: Lee Young-Woo , Chae Heung-Seok
Published: January 2023

Convolutional neural networks (CNNs), a representative type of deep neural networks, are used in various fields. There are problems that should be solved to operate CNN in the real-world. In real-world operating environments, the CNN’s performance may be degraded due to data of untrained types, which limits its operability. In this study, we propose a method for identifying data of a type that the model has not trained on based on the neuron cluster, a set of neurons activated based on the type of input data. In experiments performed on the ResNet model with the MNIST, CIFAR-10, and STL-10 datasets, the proposed method identifies data of untrained and trained types with an accuracy of 85% or higher. The more data used for neuron cluster identification, the higher the accuracy; conversely, the more complex the dataset's characteristics, the lower the accuracy. The proposed method uses only the information of activated neurons without any addition or modification of the model’s structure; hence, the computational cost is low without affecting the classification performance of the model.
The effect of narrative element incorporation on physical activity and game experience in active and sedentary virtual reality games
Authors: Lu Amy Shirong , Pelarski Victoria , Alon Dar , Baran Aleksandra , McGarrity Emma , Swaminathan Neha , Sousa Caio Victor
Published: January 2023

Narratives are pervasive in video games and have been found to increase physical activity in active video games. However, the effect of incorporating narrative elements has seldom been examined in fully immersive virtual reality games. We investigated the effect of narrative element incorporation (between-subject: narrative vs. no narrative) in active virtual reality and sedentary virtual reality games (within-subject) and examined between- and within-subject effects on physical activity behavior, game experience, and physical activity engagement. We randomized 36 sedentary college students to either the narrative or the non-narrative group. All participants played an active virtual reality and a sedentary virtual reality game in counter-balanced order. Before each game session, they either watched a 5-min narrative video (narrative) or directly played the original virtual reality games without narratives (non-narrative). We collected participants’ physical activity data using wrist-worn accelerometers; we obtained their game experience and physical activity engagement via questionnaires. The narrative group spent a greater proportion of time in moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (%) and had less non-movement time during the active virtual reality gameplay than the non-narrative group (all p values < .05). The active virtual reality sessions induced a greater positive affect and greater physical activity engagement ratings than the sedentary virtual reality sessions. The incorporation of narrative elements in active virtual reality increased the relative time spent in moderate-to-vigorous physical activity and reduced non-movement time, compared to the non-narrative group. Active virtual reality encouraged more activity by participants and offered them a more enjoyable gaming experience in which they engaged more. Active virtual reality is a feasible physical activity promotion option among sedentary adults; the incorporation of narrative elements in active virtual reality helps increase relative moderate-to-vigorous physical activity and should be further explored for its efficacy.
When the owner does not know: comparing puppies and adult dogs’ showing behavior
Authors: Prato-Previde Emanuela , Pedretti Giulia , Terruzzi Elena , Valsecchi Paola
Published: January 2023

Domestic dogs have been shown to engage in interspecific communication with their owners using a flexible repertoire of signals (i.e., gaze, vocalizations, and postures). This ability is influenced by ontogenetic development as well as breed selection. Different aspects of this phenomenon have been studied using the out of reach/hidden object task in which a piece of food is shown to the dog and then hidden in an unreachable spot by the experimenter. Dogs’ behavioral displays toward the target and the owner (ignorant about the location of the food) have been observed. The complex communicative behavior dogs exhibit in this context is defined as showing behavior and includes attention-getting components directed toward the owner, and directional components directed toward the target. No study has investigated the ontogenetic development of this behavior. In the current study, we compared the showing behavior in 4–6 month old puppies and 2–11 year old adults in an out of reach task involving the hiding of a food reward in one of two cabinets. Dogs were exposed to three conditions: (1) Owner with Food (OF), (2) Owner No Food (ONF), and (3) Alone with food (AF). Dogs showed more gaze alternations when both the food and the owner were present confirming the intentional and referential nature of this behavior. Contrary to our expectations, we found no differences between the showing behaviors of 4–6 month old puppies and adult dogs. This study provides interesting preliminary evidence of showing behavior in puppies. Further studies are needed to gain a deeper understanding of the factors influencing this communicative behavior (i.e., breed, level of training). Furthermore, longitudinal studies should be performed from the age of 2 months up to 1 and 2 years to better clarify the influence of development and experience on showing behavior in domestic dogs.
Transition to Preschool: Paving the Way for Preschool Teacher and Family Relationship-Building
Authors: Andersson Søe Martina , Schad Elinor , Psouni Elia
Published: January 2023

Background

Previous research suggests that interactions between preschool teachers and children in early care and educational contexts can contribute to the child’s positive attachment development and socioemotional adjustment.

Objective

Investigate how the transition process to preschool is organized and whether various ways of organizing it may differently influence family–teacher relationship-building and child adjustment.

Methods

Conducted a mixed methods study of quantitative and qualitative survey data from Swedish preschool professionals (N = 535).

Results

Preschool introduction varied across preschools in several structural aspects such as introduction length and intensity, timing for first child–parent separation, and number of children and teachers involved in the introduction process. Results moreover suggested that different introduction models were associated with different ways of engaging the parent, where the “parent-active” model was characterized by a high level of parental participation during the introductory activities. This was perceived by preschool professionals as positively influencing the family–teacher relational formation.

Conclusion

Findings suggest that inviting parents to participate actively in preschool transition may help better engage them in the introduction process, which in turn may positively influence family–teacher relationship-building. Future research should focus in more detail on how child–teacher and parent–teacher interactions, respectively, influence family–teacher relationship-building and child adjustment during, and after, the introduction period.
Surgeon experience in glioblastoma surgery of the elderly—a multicenter, retrospective cohort study
Authors: Pöppe Johannes P. , Machegger Lukas , Steinbacher Jürgen , Stefanits Harald , Eisschiel Sophie , Gruber Andreas , Demetz Matthias , Ladisich Barbara , Kraus Theo F.J. , Weis Serge , Spiegl-Kreinecker Sabine , Romagna Alexander , Griessenauer Christoph J. , Jahromi Behnam Rezai , Rautalin Ilari , Niemelä Mika , Korja Miikka , Schwartz Christoph
Published: January 2023

Purpose

To assess the impact of individual surgeon experience on overall survival (OS), extent of resection (EOR) and surgery-related morbidity in elderly patients with glioblastoma (GBM), we performed a retrospective case-by-case analysis.

Methods

GBM patients aged ≥ 65 years who underwent tumor resection at two academic centers were analyzed. The experience of each neurosurgeon was quantified in three ways: (1) total number of previously performed glioma surgeries (lifetime experience); (2) number of surgeries performed in the previous five years (medium-term experience) and (3) in the last two years (short-term experience). Surgeon experience data was correlated with survival (OS) and surrogate parameters for surgical quality (EOR, morbidity).

Results

198 GBM patients (median age 73.0 years, median preoperative KPS 80, IDH-wildtype status 96.5%) were included. Median OS was 10.0 months (95% CI 8.0–12.0); median EOR was 89.4%. Surgery-related morbidity affected 19.7% patients. No correlations of lifetime surgeon experience with OS (P = .693), EOR (P = .693), and surgery-related morbidity (P = .435) were identified. Adjuvant therapy was associated with improved OS (P < .001); patients with surgery-related morbidity were less likely to receive adjuvant treatment (P = .002). In multivariable testing, adjuvant therapy (P < .001; HR = 0.064, 95%CI 0.028–0.144) remained the only significant predictor for improved OS.

Conclusion

Less experienced neurosurgeons achieve similar surgical results and outcome in elderly GBM patients within the setting of academic teaching hospitals. Adjuvant treatment and avoidance of surgery-related morbidity are crucial for generating a treatment benefit for this cohort.
Partial Identification of Latent Correlations with Ordinal Data
Authors: Moss Jonas , Grønneberg Steffen
Published: January 2023

The polychoric correlation is a popular measure of association for ordinal data. It estimates a latent correlation, i.e., the correlation of a latent vector. This vector is assumed to be bivariate normal, an assumption that cannot always be justified. When bivariate normality does not hold, the polychoric correlation will not necessarily approximate the true latent correlation, even when the observed variables have many categories. We calculate the sets of possible values of the latent correlation when latent bivariate normality is not necessarily true, but at least the latent marginals are known. The resulting sets are called partial identification sets, and are shown to shrink to the true latent correlation as the number of categories increase. Moreover, we investigate partial identification under the additional assumption that the latent copula is symmetric, and calculate the partial identification set when one variable is ordinal and another is continuous. We show that little can be said about latent correlations, unless we have impractically many categories or we know a great deal about the distribution of the latent vector. An open-source R package is available for applying our results.
The Knowledge Content of the Greek Production Structure in the Aftermath of the Greek Crisis
Authors: Kanzola Anna-Maria
Published: January 2023

Contrary to the traditional approaches for the evaluation of human capital, this study proposes the assessment of human capital through its qualitative characteristics (knowledge, skills, abilities, and working activities). To investigate the knowledge content density in the Greek production structure for the year 2018, the methodology followed concerns a sectoral analysis of the economy and the matching of each occupation with four knowledge items from the O*NET database. The findings indicate that the prevailing knowledge characteristics (66% of total) of the Greek production structure of 2018 concern a simple rather than sophisticated knowledge background which is reflected in the economic structure and in middle and low specialization of the workforce. This study contributes to the literature by providing an original and robust way to evaluate the knowledge content in total within the economy without being based on model forecasts but sectoral data. Furthermore, it provides policymaking insights for the intervention in specific areas of the knowledge content which could “nudge” economic growth of the existing production structure. The grounds for policymaking concern education, reskilling, and especially lifelong learning programs.
Decoding the dance parameters of eastern honeybee, Apis cerana
Authors: Hu Zongwen , Miao Chunhui , Di Nayan , Zhou Chuntao , Zhang Yangyi , Yang Juan , Xun Lijie , Li Yahui
Published: January 2023

Bees dance to deliver food vectors that contain information regarding distance gauging and spatial orientation. The eastern honey bee, Apis cerana, also transmits this vector information through waggle dance. Although many reports have published on this topic, changes in dance parameters of A. cerana that occur at different distances are unclear. Herein, we filmed the bees’ foraging dance at different distances until the bees stopped collecting food, analyzed these videos frame by frame, and set a feeder in four cardinal directions to record the changes in bees’ dance with the azimuth of the sun. The duration and number of waggle runs of the dancers significantly correlated with the distance from hive to feeder. The dance parameter exhibited a linear model with distance. As the sun’s azimuth changed, the angle of the waggle run changed counterclockwise. We elucidate how to combine distance and direction to calibrate the spatial distribution of the resource location advertised by dance. Finally, we discuss the dance and navigation of long-distance collection and provide a basis for further understanding of the foraging ecological strategies of eastern honeybee.
A multifunctional bioresponsive and fluorescent active nanogel composite for breast cancer therapy and bioimaging
Authors: Ghomi Matineh , Zare Ehsan Nazarzadeh , Alidadi Hadis , Pourreza Nahid , Sheini Azarmidokht , Rabiee Navid , Mattoli Virgilio , Chen Xianfeng , Makvandi Pooyan
Published: January 2023

Bio-responsive nanocomposites with facile fabrication and rational design are of great importance in the diagnosis and treatment of cancer. Herein, the combination of bioimaging due to the presence of QD and controlled drug delivery via nanogel was employed for cancer treatment. To this aim, we fabricated a traceable and bioresponsive fluorescent active nanogel composite by integrating creatinine-functionalized carbon dots (QD) into a lecithin-inulin nanogel. Subsequently, PEGylation and integration of herceptin on the nanogel were carried out to improve the biofate and its ability to target HER2-positive breast cancer. The assessment of cellular uptake demonstrated that this nanogel was effectively internalized by SK-BR-3 cells and the production of reactive oxygen species was significantly boosted. Moreover, the nanogel composite led to high expression ofP53andBaxgenes along with a low expression ofBcl-2gene (as promotors of the apoptosis signaling pathway). The cellular uptake of herceptin was enhanced. It led to inhibiting the proliferation of the breast cancer cells as well as the reduction of viability of SK-BR-3 cancer cells (HER-2 positive) compared with MDA-MB-231 cells (triple-negative). The intraperitoneal injection of the developed formulation to MCF-7 breast cancer cell-bearing BALB/c mice supported the observation of tumor growth inhibition. Overall, herceptin-adorned PEGylated lecithin-inulin nanogel composite can be a promising theranostic candidate for targeting HER-2-positive breast cancer.

Graphical Abstract
Mathematical Modelling and Experimental Validation of Bifurcation Dynamics of One-Degree-of-Freedom Oscillator with Duffing-Type Stiffness and Rigid Obstacle
Authors: Kudra Grzegorz , Witkowski Krzysztof , Rezaei Mohammad Parsa , Awrejcewicz Jan
Published: January 2023

Purpose

In the work there are presented results of the synthesis and additional validation of previously developed mathematical models of two different mechanical oscillators with 1 degree of freedom and harmonic excitation: (i) with magnetically modified elasticity generating a double symmetrical minimum of potential; (ii) with linear mechanical springs and with a one-sided limiter of motion.

Methods

In the first case, original mathematical models of non-linear magnetic springs were developed, allowing for effective and fast numerical simulations of the bifurcation dynamics of a real mechanical oscillator with Duffing type stiffness. In the second system, various models of impact were proposed and tested: continuous models based on the generalized Hunt–Crossley model and original discontinuous versions of this model based on the restitution coefficient and with a finite duration of the collision. In the frame of the present work, a system consisting of magnetic springs used in the first system and obstacles from the second oscillator was built and investigated. The system was built as a new configuration of a special universal stand used in the earlier studies mentioned here.

Results and Conclusion

In the current study, the parameters of the models identified in previous studies on two different systems were used, the synthesis of which is the current work. A very good agreement was obtained between numerical simulations and experimental data, thus demonstrating the correctness and effectiveness of the adopted mathematical models.
Protective effect of lactoferrin administration against brain tissue damage in diabetic rats
Authors: Al-Sharif Ifat A.
Published: January 2023

Bovine lactoferrin (bLf), a glycoprotein with iron, Several of Lf's functions intervene through various cell receptors. Its antibacterial, antiparasitic, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant effects Additionally, it has been found that Lf has immunomodulating. We looked into the protective effects of Lf on various brain tissue indicators and histopathological examination of streptozotocin (STZ) induced diabetic rats. This research aimed to check the potential protective effect of lactoferrin verses brain lesion in STZ induced diabetic rat. The rats were split into five groups: Control (C), Diabetic rat (T2D), T2D + Insulin, T2D + Lactoferrin, and T2D + Insulin + Lactoferrin. Diabetes was created in rat groups by administration STZ (60 mg/kg body weight), then rat was sacrificed. The tissues of the Brain and serum had been chosen to analyze biochemical brain tissue indicators, Serum Neuron-Specific Enolase (SNE), Serum Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF), and Tissue Necrosis Factor-Alpha (TNF-Alpha). Also, H&E staining was utilized to measure the histological changes of the brain and Comet assay of brain tissue samples for detection of DNA damage. In T2D rat, Lactoferrin corrected aberrant serum levels of SNE, BDNF and TNF-Alpha, in addition, Lactoferrin improves brain pathological changes might be through hypoglycemic, and/or anti-inflammatory actions and reduced DNA damage as compared to diabetic untreated rats. It could be concluded that oral administration of lactoferrin to diabetic rats alone or in combination with insulin treatment for six weeks was found to attenuate the harmful effects of diabetes on brain biomarkers as well as the pathological lesions that occur in the brain tissues of diabetic rats.
Theorising Gambling Self-Exclusion Agreements: The Inadequacy of Procedural Autonomy
Authors: Long Bernard
Published: January 2023

Gambling self-exclusion agreements enable a person to have themselves prevented from gambling for some future period. In light of evidence of their effectiveness in helping problem gamblers manage their addiction, these agreements enjoy growing popularity. In particular, several jurisdictions now oblige gambling operators to offer self-exclusion to their clientele. If self-exclusion has a unique value that is distinct from paternalistic measures, such as forced exclusion, it is surely because it prizes the gambler’s autonomy. In this article, however, I will argue that self-exclusion’s theoretical basis cannot, in fact, be found in a procedural theory of autonomy that only regards agents’ own values and decisions. Rather, I will contend that if agents may bind their future selves in only some ways—for example, by preventing themselves from gambling but not preventing themselves from self-excluding or selling themselves into slavery—it can only be because of a normative, substantive claim.
Simplified model for helical vortex dynamics in the wake of an asymmetric rotor
Authors: Abraham Aliza , Castillo-Castellanos Andrés , Leweke Thomas
Published: January 2023

Helical vortex systems, such as those found in the wakes of wind turbines, helicopter rotors and propellers, are subject to instabilities that lead to pairing between adjacent vortex loops. Certain modes of these instabilities can be triggered by an asymmetry in the rotor generating the vortices. In three-vortex systems, like those formed by many industrial rotors, the nonlinear vortex interactions are highly complex, introducing the need for a simple model to predict their dynamics. The current study presents a model for helical vortex systems based on an infinite strip of periodically repeating point vortices, whose motion can be computed using a single equation. This highly simplified model is shown to accurately reproduce the helical vortex dynamics predicted by a more sophisticated filament model and observed in water channel experiments on model rotors. The model is then used to investigate different types of vortex perturbations. Perturbation direction is found to have an important effect on the evolution of the instability, and displacements are observed to induce vortex pairing more quickly than circulation changes. These findings can be used to design asymmetric rotors that induce vortex breakdown more effectively, mitigating detrimental wake effects such as increased fatigue loading on downstream structures.
Singleton consonant onset acquisition in monolingual Granada Spanish-speaking preschoolers with typical versus protracted phonological development: Impacts of word structure and feature constraints
Authors: BERNHARDT Barbara May , RAYMOND Gabriela , ÁVILA Carmen , CÁCERES SERRANO Pablo , CARBALLO Gloria , FRESNEDA Dolores , MENDOZA Elvira , HOANG Karen , LIU Lydia , MUÑOZ Juana , PÉREZ Denisse , STEMBERGER Joseph P.
Published: January 2023

While consonant acquisition clearly requires mastery of different articulatory configurations (segments), sub-segmental features and suprasegmental contexts influence both order of acquisition and mismatch (error) patterns (Bérubé, Bernhardt, Stemberger & Ciocca, 2020). Constraints-based nonlinear phonology provides a comprehensive framework for investigating the impact of sub- and suprasegmental impacts on acquisition (Bernhardt & Stemberger, 1998). The current study adopted such a framework in order to investigate these questions for Granada Spanish. Single-word samples of monolingual preschoolers in Granada (29 typically developing; 30 with protracted phonological development) were transcribed by native Spanish speakers in consultation with an international team. Beta regression analyses showed significant effects of age, developmental group, and word structure variables (word length, stress, position of consonants and syllables within the word); salience, markedness and/or frequency across the phonological hierarchy accounted for many patterns. The study further demonstrates the impacts of sub- and suprasegmental constraints of the phonological system on consonant acquisition.
Cybersecurity risk assessment of VDR
Authors: Söner Ömer , Kayisoglu Gizem , Bolat Pelin , Tam Kimberly
Published: January 2023

The voyage data recorder (VDR) is a data recording system that aims to provide all navigational, positional, communicational, sensor, control and command information for data-driven investigation of accidents onboard ships. Due to the increasing dependence on interconnected networks, cybersecurity threats are one of the most severe issues and critical problems when it comes to safeguarding sensitive information and assets. Cybersecurity issues are extremely important for the VDR, considering that modern VDRs may have internet connections for data transfer, network links to the ship's critical systems and the capacity to record potentially sensitive data. Thus, this research adopted failure modes and effects analysis (FMEA) to perform a cybersecurity risk assessment of a VDR in order to identify cyber vulnerabilities and specific cyberattacks that might be launched against the VDR. The findings of the study indicate certain cyberattacks (false information, command injection, viruses) as well as specific VDR components (data acquisition unit (DAU), remote access, playback software) that required special attention. Accordingly, preventative and control measures to improve VDR cybersecurity have been discussed in detail. This research makes a contribution significantly to the improvement of ship safety management systems, particularly in terms of cybersecurity.
The Long-Term Effects of COVID-19 on Political Science Teaching
Authors: Glazier Rebecca A. , Strachan J. Cherie
Published: January 2023

The COVID-19 pandemic abruptly changed political science higher education—shifting courses and instructors online with little preparation. What might be the long-term effects of teaching through this crisis? Combining both open-ended and forced-choice survey questions with focus-group conversations, the data reveal a picture of faculty who are doing more for students and feeling strained by the efforts. Despite the challenges of teaching online during these difficult circumstances, attitudes toward online teaching did not decline universally. Those with more experience teaching online before the pandemic held a more favorable view of online teaching when they were surveyed during the pandemic. The data also show that the emotional burden on faculty increased, with female faculty members carrying a particularly heavy load. Because online classes likely will play a major role in the future of teaching political science, understanding the pandemic’s effects—both positive and negative—is critical.