bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Prevention of venous thromboembolism with aspirin following knee surgery: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Marrannes Stephanie , Victor Klaas , Arnout Nele , De Backer Tine , Victor Jan , Tampere Thomas
Published: October 2021

Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is a well-known complication following orthopaedic surgery. The incidence of this complication has decreased substantially since the introduction of routine thromboprophylaxis. However, concerns have been raised about increased bleeding complications caused by aggressive thromboprophylaxis. Attention has grown for aspirin as a safer thromboprophylactic agent following orthopaedic surgery. A systematic review using MEDLINE, Embase and Web of Science databases was undertaken to compare the effectiveness of aspirin prophylaxis following knee surgery with the current standard prophylactic agents (low molecular weight heparin [LMWH], vitamin K antagonists and factor Xa inhibitors). No significant difference in effectiveness of VTE prevention was found between aspirin, LMWH and warfarin. Factor Xa inhibitors were more effective, but increased bleeding complications were reported. As evidence is limited and of low quality with substantial heterogeneity, further research with high-quality, adequately powered trials is needed.

Cite this article: EFORT Open Rev 2021;6:892-904. DOI: 10.1302/2058-5241.6.200120
Can community involvement policies mitigate NIMBYism and local opposition to asylum seeker centres?
Authors: Dekker Rianne , Oliver Caroline , Geuijen Karin
Published: October 2021

Local governments have to take authoritative decisions about the placement of controversial but necessary facilities such as Asylum Seeker Centres (ASCs). Opposition from local residents against such facilities is often considered to be an expression of NIMBYism. This article explores whether a policy of community involvement addressing the underlying reasons for local opposition can mitigate such opposition towards an ASC. It uses a mixed methods approach combining survey data and semi-structured interviews among neighbourhood residents about an ASC in Utrecht. Local opposition is associated with experiences of economic competition and cultural threat. The policy strategy did not moderate these effects. Those who became involved were a selective group of locals who were largely already accepting of the centre and its inhabitants and involvement was often incidental. However, contact between asylum seekers and neighbours developing within and beyond the ASC mediated the effect of cultural threat – confirming Allport’s contact hypothesis.
Quantum-illumination-inspired active single-pixel imaging with structured illumination
Authors: Zhang Tiantian , Ye Zhiyuan , Wang Hai-Bo , Xiong Jun
Published: October 2021

Quantum-illumination-inspired single-pixel imaging (QII-SPI) or computational ghost imaging protocol is proposed to improve image quality in the presence of strong background and stray light. According to the reversibility of the optical path, a digital micro-mirror device acts as a structured light modulator and a spatial light filter simultaneously, which can effectively eliminate 50% of stray light. Accompanied by a 6 dB gain of detection signal-to-noise ratio under an equivalent loss condition, our scheme only requires a simple and minor modification on the placement of the single-pixel detector based on the original SPI system. Since QII-SPI will obtain almost the same reconstruction results as the passive SPI technology in principle, one can, therefore, adjust the placement position of the detector, without exchanging the relative position of the detector and the light source to realize the flexible conversion of the SPI system from active to passive. Also, this work initially discusses the influence of relative coherence time on Hadamard-based SPI driven by a thermal source. This work brings new insights into the optical path design of the SPI technology, paving the way for the practical application of active SPI in stray light environments.
Alkali etched fiber Mach–Zehnder interferometer with compact sensor head
Authors: Ma Rende , Li Xiaoping , Cao Hongzhong , Pan Yue , Man Zhongxiao , Xia Yunjie
Published: October 2021

We demonstrate a scheme for fabricating compact fiber Mach–Zehnder interferometer (MZI). A section of Ge-doped fiber (GDF) is sandwiched between two single-mode fibers. The sandwich structure is side polished to make the core of GDF exposed to the surroundings. Alkali solution is utilized to etch the core of GDF. A compact fiber MZI is achieved when about half of the core is etched. Compared with the traditional ones, our scheme for fabricating fiber MZI has the characteristics of low cost, environmentally friendly, and regular transmission spectrum. This fiber MZI not only reduces the consumption of the sample, but also brings forth a good potential for micro-scale detection of refractive index.
Spatial Amplitude and Phase Control with High-Efficiency Meta-optics
Authors: Raeker Brian O. , Zheng Hanyu , Zhou You , Valentine Jason , Grbic Anthony
Published: October 2021

Spatial amplitude and phase control across an optical wavefront with high efficiency is demonstrated using all-dielectric paired-metasurface devices. Experimental results of meta-optics forming three-dimensional holograms are reported.
CMOS-Compatible Circular Polarizers for Color Image Sensors
Authors: Phan Thaibao , Wang Evan , Fan Jonathan A.
Published: October 2021

We present aluminum-based circular polarizers for visible light. Three separate designs of a single film thickness can cover the spectrum from 400 – 700 nm. Theoretical efficiencies are above 80% and extinction ratios are above 100.
Simultaneous Generation of Arbitrary Assembly of Polarization States for On-Chip Quantum Information Technology
Authors: Wang Mu , Peng Ru-Wen , Gao Ya-Jun
Published: October 2021

Manipulating the polarization state of light is essential for integrated photonics and quantum information technology. By introducing geometrical-scaling-induced phase modulations, we report here the simultaneous generation of different types of polarization states with a single metasurface.
Hybrid metaphotonics for fast and efficient collection of photons from quantum emitters
Authors: Jha Pankaj K. , Yang Frank , Akbari Hamidreza , Bauser Haley , Atwater Harry A.
Published: October 2021

We propose a hybrid nanophotonic device which enables faster emission and efficient collection of photons from quantum emitters in hexagonal Boron Nitride. Our proposal offers a modular platform for on chip quantum photonics and sensing applications.
Management of rigorous optomechanical constraints using non planar symmetrical systems
Authors: Duveau Louis , Volatier Jean-Baptiste , Lépine Thierry , Hugot Emmanuel , Druart Guillaume
Published: October 2021

An exploration of non planar symmetric geometries for a three mirror anastigmat telescope is performed and show that for some highly constrained systems, such assymetric designs could represent a viable solution.
Meter-Class Infrared Deflectometry for Visibly Non-Specular Surface Metrology
Authors: Berkson Joel , Hatfield Zack , Peter Alex St. , Quach Henry , Rodriguez Emily , Nguyen Naomi , Ellis Wyatt , Derby Kevin , Davila-Peralta Christian , Hyatt Justin , Kim Dae Wook
Published: October 2021

Large, slow freeform optics are challenging to measure, especially if their surfaces are non-specular in the visible; however, using deflectometry with a thermal source allows measurement of both rough and freeform surfaces to high precision.
Laser-polished freeform beam shapers
Authors: Griffiths Alex , Murphy Eoin , Diederich Gilles , Trela-McDonald Natalia
Published: October 2021

We present laser-polished freeform optics used for highly efficient single- and multimode beam shaping. The design freedom provided by truly freeform fabrication allows us to address a wide range of laser applications with control over intensity distribution and uniformity.
Algorithm for the Helmholtz equation within bounded polygonal volumes
Authors: Zia Haider
Published: October 2021

We present a surface integral algorithm for optical fields within a volume enclosed by a convex polygonal surface. The algorithm, utilizing fast fourier-transforms, reduces the dimensional scaling, inherent as problem in FDTD and FEM methods.
100  Gb/s dynamically programmable SDN-enabled hardware encryptor for optical networks
Authors: Arabul Ekin , Tessinari Rodrigo Stange , Alia Obada , Oliveira Romerson , Kanellos George T. , Nejabati Reza , Simeonidou Dimitra
Published: October 2021

We have successfully demonstrated an on-demand programmable hardware encryptor for optical networks enabled by the software-defined network (SDN) and tested its application in a quantum key distribution (QKD) use case. We believe our proposed encryptor is unique in the way that it combines on-demand programmable encryption algorithms with a 100G Ethernet network interface to provide a high-transmission capacity with flexible security. We have successfully formed an on-demand encryption library consisting of AES-256, AES-192, AES-128, Camellia-256, XOR, and no-encryption configurations. Our system has shown a network throughput of 91.3 Gb/s for AES variations and 90.2 Gb/s for Camellia-256, while theoretical encryption throughputs were 160 Gb/s. In addition, the goodputs of all the encryption schemes were measured as at least 90.4 Gb/s. For a faster reconfiguration of the field-programmable gate array (FPGA), partial reconfiguration technology has been used, and reconfiguration times of 2.6 s for encryption and 2 s for decryption have been achieved. The FPGA configuration rate was 3.35 MB/s. When our proposed design was tested in a QKD use case with 256-bit keys, the highest achieved key consumption rate was 27 keys/s, which corresponded to the minimum granularity of 474 MB per key. Thus, with a 256-bit key, up to a 6912 b/s key consumption rate was achieved. In addition, the encryptor’s end-to-end network latency has been tested using 300k standard Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP) pings. For all encryption schemes, the latency was measured as

0.093

m
s

±

0.028

m
s

on average, but the encryption/decryption processes did not have a meaningful latency impact with microsecond precision.
Automatic Modulation-Format Selection with White-box Transponders: Design and Field Trial
Authors: Anazawa Kazuya , Kuwabara Seiki , Sasai Takeo , Mano Toru , Inoue Takeru , Inui Tetsuro , Nishizawa Hideki
Published: October 2021

This paper proposes a modulation-format selection method for optical networks, which is designed for white-box transponders. Field trial demonstrates that our method conserva-tively selects the best modulation-format with high probability in less than three minutes.
DEDIP: Dual-Engine-Driven Intent Parse Framework in Intent-Based Optical Network
Authors: Yang Hui , Wang Chao , Yao Qiuyan , Sun Zhengjie , Bao Bowen , Li Chao , Zhang Jie
Published: October 2021

Propose a dual-engine-driven intent parse framework with active and passive intent in the intent-based optical network. Experimental results show the proposed scheme can improve the accuracy of intent, decrease blocking, and improve resource utilization.
Combination of Multi-impairments Compensation and Decoding for LDPC-coded CO-OFDM via Deep Learning
Authors: Han Ying , Chen Yuanxiang , Fu Jia , Huang Yongtao , Li JiaHao , Deng Yijun , Li Kaile , Lin Shangjing , Yu Jianguo
Published: October 2021

We propose a combination scheme of multi-impairment compensation and LDPC decoding based deep learning for LDPC-coded CO-OFDM system. Experiments show it can greatly reduce the BER and decoding complexity in different transmission scenarios.
Modeling of PMD for wideband fiber channel and its influence on optical fiber communication system
Authors: Liu Ling , Cui Nan , Zhang Xiaoguang , Zhang Bin
Published: October 2021

We propose a PMD model for the wideband channel, which can reflect the time-frequency evolutions of PMD in fibers, and evaluate how wide the single fiber channel we can use for high baud-rate communication systems.
Inter-channel Nonlinear Crosstalk Mitigation Based on Neural Network
Authors: Xu Tao , Huang Xiatao , Jin Taowei , Hu Shaohua , Zhang Jing , Xu Bo , Yi Xingwen , Qiu Kun
Published: October 2021

We propose a table construction of triplets based neural network to compensate the inter-channel nonlinear crosstalk in multi-channel transmission systems. Compared with the conventional DBP, the Q-factor gain of the proposed method is about 0.6 dB.
Experimental Demonstration of Optical Twin-SSB Detection Scheme Using an Electric Butterfly Operation
Authors: Nakagawa Ryoto , Kurokawa Yuichiro , Tsumura Kohei , Nakamura Moriya
Published: October 2021

Optical twin-SSB detection using our proposed electric butterfly operation was experimentally demonstrated for the first time. The modulated signal was detected by one self-homodyne receiver. LSB and USB components were demultiplexed without using optical filters.
Chaotic Time-Delay Signature Suppression by Distributed Feedback from weak FBG arrays
Authors: Wang Kaiping , Li Zhengying , Fu Xuelei
Published: October 2021

We demonstrate a method of using distributed optical feedback from a weak fiber Bragg grating (FBG) array to suppress the time-delay signature (TDS) of a laser diode. The TDS value is almost ignorable with a minimum of 0.0026.
Numerical Demonstration of Tunable Multi-channel Notch Filter Based on SFG in a PPLN Waveguide
Authors: Hu Zhefeng , Cheng Shuting , Sun Yuzhe , Chen Kaixin
Published: October 2021

A novel tunable multi-channel filter is proposed utilizing sum frequency generation effect in a periodically polarized lithium niobate waveguide. The number of channels and central wavelength of each channel can be controlled optically.
Low phase noise wideband LFM signal generation by injection-locking an optoelectronic oscillator
Authors: Liu Mingzhen , Liu Shifeng , Zhu Nan , Liu Hongfei , Pan Zhouyang , Ma Cong , Yu Cui , Pan Shilong
Published: October 2021

A method of generating phase noise of the wideband linear frequency-modulated (LFM) signal is proposed and experimentally demonstrated. Phase noise at 10 kHz frequency offset is improved by 12 dB.
Loss-induced high-speed silicon microheater
Authors: Wei Yanxian , Cheng Junwei , Zhou Hailong , Huang Dongmei , Li Feng , Wai P. K. A. , Dong Jianji , Zhang Xinliang
Published: October 2021

We demonstrate a microheater with the metal heater placed very close to the waveguide based on broken PT symmetry. It can achieve a high-speed modulation, simultaneously without introducing a nonnegligible loss.
Performance Enhancement of Heterojunction Silicon Solar Cells Based on LDS Effect of Various Concentrations of Eu-Doped Phosphors
Authors: Tsai Yu-Tsen , Ho Wen-Jeng , Liu Jheng-Jie , Zhuang Jia-Chen , Ting Jen-Hieh , Ke Bo-Xun
Published: October 2021

In this study, we characterized the performance enhancement of heterojunction silicon solar cells using a luminescent down-shifting phosphor layer of the Eu-doped phosphor at various concentrations (2.5, 5, 7.5 wt%) and at 550 nm emission-wavelength.
Inverse design of an ultra-compact 3 dB splitter for four modes with dual polarizations
Authors: Jin Hongzhi , Zhong Zhongqiu , Liu Yingjie , Xu Ke
Published: October 2021

An ultra-compact power splitter for TE0, TE1, TM0 and TM1 modes with a footprint of 6 × 5.25 μm2 is designed. The insertion loss is < 1 dB, and the crosstalk is < -15 dB.
Comparative Studies of Atmospheric Turbulence Effects on Orbital Angular Momentum Beams
Authors: Murakami Yuki , Kishikawa Hiroki , Goto Nobuo
Published: October 2021

Mode spectra of Laguerre-Gaussian, Bessel-Gaussian, and perfect vortex (PV) beams after free-space propagation in turbulent atmosphere are investigated. Numerical results show that PV beam has better tolerance to turbulence in higher-order azimuthal mode.
Vehicle recognition based on improved PPF algorithm
Authors: Zuo Yong , Ren Chao
Published: October 2021

This paper improved PPF algorithm by preprocessing and replacing position matrix output with probability output, in order to simplify the recognition. Finally, it achieves good results on our test set.
Beyond 100Gb/s Nyquist 128/256/512-QAM Subcarrier Modulation Direct Detection Transmission Using O-Band DML with Digital Nonlinearity Mitigation
Authors: Zhu Yixiao , Guo Zidong , Wu Qi , Hu Weisheng
Published: October 2021

We experimentally demonstrate high-order QAM SCM signals 20km transmission with O-band DML and digital nonlinearity mitigation. 147Gb/s, 136Gb/s, and 108Gb/s line rates are achieved with 128/256/512-QAM formats below the 20% SD-FEC threshold of 2×10-2, respectively.
Optimum Symbol Distribution of Probabilistically Shaped PAM Signals in Amplifier-less IM-DD Systems
Authors: Kim Daeho , Kim Hoon
Published: October 2021

We present an explicit-form expression of the optimum symbol distribution of N-ary pulse amplitude modulated signals for capacity in intensity-modulation/direct-detection systems under peak-power constraint condition. Its validity is confirmed through Monte-Carlo simulation.
Integrated Microwave Photonics for Photonic Signal Processing and Sensing
Authors: Minasian Robert A.
Published: October 2021

Integrated microwave photonics offers new paradigms for processing signals. Microwave photonics advances, including broadband tunable microwave photonic filters, multifunction processors, and high-resolution photonic sensing systems that provide new capabilities for high-performance signal processing, are presented.
Four-modes waveguide crossing utilizing phase-gradient slot array
Authors: Guo Xiaoyuan , Liu Yingjie , Xu Ke
Published: October 2021

A four-mode waveguide crossing is designed via phase-gradient metasurface with a compact footprint of 7.8×7.8 μm2. The insertion loss is less than 0.72 dB, and the crosstalk is below −19 dB for 1450-1650 nm.
85.2-Tbit/s Coupled 4-Core Fiber Transmission over 3,120 km Using PS-16QAM Signals
Authors: Beppu S. , Soma D. , Takahashi H. , Yoshikane N. , Morita I. , Tsuritani T.
Published: October 2021

We adopted probabilistic shaping (PS) to couple multicore fiber transmission to maximize the transmission capacity for the first time. By utilizing 152-WDM 24-Gbaud DP-PS-16QAM signals, 85.2-Tbit/s coupled four-core fiber transmission over 3,120 km was demonstrated.
The impact of parameter uncertainty on QoT estimation using GN-based analytical model
Authors: Zhou Jing , Lu Jianing , Lu Chao , Yu Changyuan
Published: October 2021

We study the impact of parameter uncertainty induced by inaccurate α, β, γ, fiber length (L) and noise figure on QoT estimation using the GN-based analytical model. We find γ and L have the relatively large influence in most system structure cases.
Mid-infrared Graphene Plasmon Metasurface for Optical Phased Array
Authors: Zeng Huiying , Yi Xiaogen , Qiu Ciyuan
Published: October 2021

We theoretically study the graphene-ribbon plasmonic metasurface with a metal reflective layer in the mid-infrared regime. The results show a 320° phase modulation range with the reflectivity of over 80% at a mid-infrared wavelength.
Ppb-level ethane detection with hollow-core fiber photothermal spectroscopy
Authors: Chen Feifan , Jiang Shoulin , Jin Wei , Gao Shoufei , Ho Hoi Lut
Published: October 2021

We report an ethane sensor with 10-cm-long hollow-core fiber based on photothermal spectroscopy at 3.3 μm. It demonstrates good stability and a lower limit of detection of 3.6 ppb with 1 s time constant.
Twist Sensor Based on Long-Period Grating Mach-Zehnder Interferometer Inscribed in Double Cladding Fiber
Authors: Liao Dandan , Jiang Chen , Liu Yunqi
Published: October 2021

We demonstrate the fabrication of Mach-Zehnder interferometer twist sensor based on the cascaded long-period fiber gratings inscribed in double cladding fiber. The torsion sensitivity of wavelength and intensity are −0.391 nm/(rad/m) and −1.355 dB/(rad/m), respectively.
Crosstalk Monitoring and Outage Prediction in Multi-core Fibers Based on Multi-task Deep neural network
Authors: Zhang Maoqi , Li Kangjie , Zhao Can , Chen Yizhao , Tang Ming
Published: October 2021

We experimentally demonstrate multi-task neural network enabled simultaneous crosstalk monitoring and outage prediction for real-time transmission in multicore fibers. The estimated error of crosstalk monitoring is below 0.5dB, and accuracy of outage prediction reaches 98%.
Handling Multilayer Neural Network Nonlinear Equalizer Complexity and overfitting Challenges Using L1-Regularization for 112Gbps Optical Interconnects
Authors: Yadav Govind Sharan , Chuang Chun-Yen , Feng Kai-Ming , Chen Jyehong , Chen Young-Kai
Published: October 2021

We propose an L1-regularized multilayer neural network nonlinear equalizer (L1PML-NLE) for inter-data-center interconnects. Compared with conventional and sparse VNLE, the L1PML-NLE reduces 81% and 57.8% complexity with improved BER performance for 40-km 112-Gb/s PAM4 transmission.
A Hybrid CNN-LSTM Approach for Laser Remaining Useful Life Prediction
Authors: Abdelli Khouloud , Grießer Helmut , Pachnicke Stephan
Published: October 2021

A hybrid prognostic model based on convolutional neural networks (CNN) and long short-term memory (LSTM) is proposed to predict the laser remaining useful life (RUL). The experimental results show that it outperforms the conventional methods.
Frequency Chirp Measurement Method Using a Probe Light and Bandpass Filter
Authors: Katori Ryo , Rui Wang , Matsuura Motoharu
Published: October 2021

We present a measurement method of frequency chirp induced in SOAs. To show the feasibility, we measure the chirp properties of an optical signal while changing the input power.
GAIA: A Contention-free Optical Data Center Network Based on Arrayed Waveguide Grating Router
Authors: Che Jinzhe , Liu Zhilin , Wu Shimeng
Published: October 2021

A contention-free optical DCN based on SDN-scheduling and AWGR-forwarding is proposed and experimentally investigated. Results validate 920 ns latency and 0.13% packet loss at load of 0.5, improving 55% and 95%, respectively, comparing with OPSquare.
QoS-based Flow Classification and Forwarding in Hybrid Electrical/Optical Switched Data Center Networks
Authors: Zhang Jie , Wang Wei , Shen Yan , Li Yajie , Zhao Yongli , Zhang Jie
Published: October 2021

In hybrid electrical/optical networks, packet switching is energy-hungry while circuit switching is inflexible. To better align traffic’s requirements with the hybrid switching capability, we propose QoS-based forwarding schemes, and results show their benefits.
Demonstration of MMW over Fiber-FSO-Wireless 5G QPSK Transmission in Mid L-band Wavelength Region
Authors: Tareq Q. , Ragheb A. , Esmail M. , Alshebeili S. , Khan M. Z. M.
Published: October 2021

Quality generation of 30 GHz MMW beat-tone utilizing extended L-band InAs/InP quantum-dash laser source exploiting self-injection locking scheme is reported along with the successful transmission of 2 Gbps QPSK signal over a hybrid 20km-fiber-5m-FSO-2m-wireless channel.
Hollow-Core Fiber Connector
Authors: Nagase Ryo , Kamitsuna Hideki , Sasaki Ren , Maejima Toshiki
Published: October 2021

This paper describes a newly developed butt joint type hollow-core fiber connector with protected fiber ends. It can typically realize 0.5 dB attenuation and a 45 dB return loss without physical contact.
Low-phase-noise 25-GHz O-band regenerative mode locked laser
Authors: Qi Hefei , Lu Dan , Wang Huan , Song Hao , Zhang Ruikang , Zhao Lingjuan
Published: October 2021

A low-phase-noise O-band regenerative mode locked laser is demonstrated. Optical pulses with a repetition rate of 25-GHz, pulse width of 7.3 ps and RF phase noise of -133 dBc/Hz at 10-kHz offset is realized.
Broadband tunable filter based on the cascaded contra-directional couplers
Authors: Liao Shasha , Bao Hang , Zhang Tiantian , Feng Yuting , Huang Cong
Published: October 2021

We propose a broadband tunable filter based on the contra-directional couplers with high shape factor. Our filter has the maximum bandwidth of 42 nm, tunable bandwidth range of 6.6 nm and shape factor of 0.99.
Beam intensity averaging method for high precision beam control in optical phased array
Authors: Takemura Hayato , Yamaguchi Yuya , Kawanishi Tetsuya , Umezawa Toshimasa , Yamamoto Naokatsu
Published: October 2021

We present element electric field vector rotation method for high precision beam control in optical waveguide array, which is commonly used in microwave antenna applications, and propose a new beam intensity average value method as well. We focus on two kinds of phase control voltage estimation in the optical phased array device, and have a demonstration of the high-precision beam control by using the estimated voltage.
Design of long-range SPR sensor based on D-shaped honeycomb-structure MOF with Au-graphene hybrid layers
Authors: Bu Wenyi , Chen Xi , Zhang Haojie , Wu Zhifang
Published: October 2021

A long-range SPR(LRSPR) sensor based on a D-shaped honeycomb-lattice MOF coated with Au and graphene film was proposed and numerically investigated. The sensor’s highest sensitivity reaches 16700 nm/RIU and the minimum resolution is 5.99×10−7 RIU.
Machine Learning for Optical Layer Failure Management
Authors: Wang Danshi , Wang Dongdong , Zhang Chunyu , Wang Lingling , Liu Songlin , Zhang Min
Published: October 2021

We review applications of machine learning (ML) in optical layer failure management, including alarm analysis, failure prediction, failure detection, failure diagnosis, and failure location driven by various algorithms from ML communities.
110GBaud PDM-64QAM Transmission Enabled by Tomlinson-Harashima Precoding and 120GSa/s DAC
Authors: Huang Guoxiu , Nakashima Hisao
Published: October 2021

We experimentally evaluated the transmission of 110GBaud-PDM-64QAM based on Tomlinson-Harashima pre-coding with 120GSa/s DAC and E/O/E bandwidth of the system narrower than 57GHz at -30dB. The reachable distance of SSMF was predicted to be approximately 100km.
The influence of signal downsampling on the SNR of retrieved phase in the φ-OTDR system
Authors: Liu Xiaojun , Liu Fei , Zhang Wenxiang , Huo Jiahao , Yuan Jinhui , Zhou Xian
Published: October 2021

Based on the Nyquist bandpass sampling theory, the linear relationship between the sampling rate and the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of the demodulation results is studied by simulation and experiment in the φ-OTDR system.
A Sharp-Peak Model Describing the Fast RSOP Induced by the Lightning Strikes and Its Tracking Method
Authors: Zhao Jiarun , Zhang Hanbo , Gao Jian , Zhao Wanxin , Zhang Xiaoguang
Published: October 2021

A model simulating the fast SOP variations during thunderstorm weather was proposed using a sharp-peak-pulse model. With this model, a EKF based RSOP tracking algorithm was also proposed exhibiting a powerful performance compared with CMA.
Recent progress in quantum dot distributed feedback lasers with large wavelength detuning for uncooled and isolation-free applications
Authors: Grillot F. , Dong B. , Liu J. , Huang H. , Nishi K. , Takemasa K. , Sugawara M. , Bowers J. E.
Published: October 2021

This work reports on the temperature performance of a 1.3-micron InA/GaAs quantum dot distributed feedback laser operating with a large optical wavelength detuning. Isolator-free transmission with pulse amplitude modulation is achieved under strong optical feedback.
Improving the frequency chirp linearity of a frequency-modulated continuous-wave laser
Authors: Liu Chuxin , Guo Yuyao , Xu Weihan , Lu Liangjun , Chen Jianping , Zhou Linjie
Published: October 2021

We propose a novel driving signal pre-distortion method to improve the frequency chirp linearity of an InP/Si3N4 hybrid-integrated external cavity laser. The measured chirp linearity is increased from 87.3% to 99.7%. The ranging resolution reaches 10.3 cm.
An Algorithm to Construct 3D Pipeline Bending Shape Based on Ultra-weak FBG Curvature Sensor
Authors: Wu Z.J. , Dai Y. T. , Liu S.Q.
Published: October 2021

In this paper, a technique based on ultra-weak fiber grating sensor array for measuring the spatial curvature of pipeline and an algorithm for constructing the 3D pipeline bending shape based on the curvature is proposed.
High-speed silicon micro-ring modulator at 2-μm waveband
Authors: Shen Weihong , Zhou Gangqiang , Du Jiangbing , Zhou Linjie , Xu Ke , He Zuyuan
Published: October 2021

Silicon micro-ring modulator with 18-GHz electro-optic bandwidth and <1-V‧cm modulation efficiency was reported, achieving 50-Gbps highest-speed signaling at 1960 nm. Better endurance of two-photon absorption at 2 μm leads to significantly improved high-speed performances.
Free-Space Optical Communication Systems for B5G/6G Networks
Authors: Bekkali Abdelmoula , Fujita Hideo , Hattori Michikazu
Published: October 2021

This paper gives an overview of the recent trends of FSO systems for B5G/6G era, covering transceiver design, system architectures and integration with mmWave/THz links. The potential implementation of machine learning algorithms is also discussed.
Experiment of Segment Routing based Service-Oriented Fast Path Construction for F5G
Authors: Li Xin , Zhao Yongli , Li Zhuotong , Li Yajie , Xie Gang , Lin Yi , Zhang Jie
Published: October 2021

A novel service-oriented path construction method is first proposed based on segment routing for F5G, which can reduce path construction latency through label compression. Experiment results show that path construction latency and blocking probability are significantly reduced.
Spectrum Trading Based on Blockchain for Resource Allocation of Optical Network Virtualization
Authors: Zhao Jinghan , Yang Hui , Suo Hongze , Yao Qiuyan , Yuan Jiaqi , Bao Bowen , Zhang Jie
Published: October 2021

This paper proposes a novel spectrum trading based on blockchain for resource allocation of optical network virtualization with a spectrum trading strategy. Simulation results show the proposed scheme improves the spectrum utilization rate of operators.
Capacity Increase in Dual-polarization Nonlinear Frequency Division Multiplexing Systems with Probabilistic Shaping
Authors: Li Chenjia , Chen Xinyu , Chen Zhangyuan , Zhang Fan
Published: October 2021

We demonstrate 200Gb/s dual-polarization continuous spectrum NFDM systems combined with the probability shaping transmission over SSMF by numerical simulation. For 16QAM and 64QAM systems, the transmission distance can be extended by 25% and 14%, respectively.
Impact of Arbitrary Parameters in Parallel Eigenvalue Solving Algorithm on Optical Eigenvalue Communication
Authors: Terashi Yuhei , Hisano Daisuke , Mishina Ken , Maruta Akihiro
Published: October 2021

This paper evaluates the impact of accuracy in a parallel eigenvalue calculation method on transmission characteristics. We report that parallel computing does not affect the characteristics when parameters are drastically changed.
Photothermally tunable diffraction grating based on ultra- thin reduced graphene oxide enabled by femtosecond laser
Authors: Jiang Shiru , Park Chul-Soon , Lee Woo-Bin , Zhou Changyi , Lee Sang-Shin
Published: October 2021

A photothermally tunable diffraction grating incorporating two grating patterns was inscribed by femtosecond laser on photothermal actuator composed of graphene oxide and polydimethylsiloxane layers. Tailoring light stimulus can induce different diffraction patterns in contactless way.
Subwavelength grating for free-space coupling with high collimation and low divergence angle
Authors: Zhou Ji , Wang Yi
Published: October 2021

We demonstrate directional beaming of light from the subwavelength grating in free space. The deviation angle can be adjusted flexibly with collimation and small divergence angle about 6.66° at 1550 nm.
Power Efficiency Measurements in Amplifier Physics-Optimized Power-Limited SDM Submarine Transmission Systems
Authors: Srinivas Hrishikesh , Downie John D. , Kahn Joseph M. , Hurley Jason , Liang Xiaojun , Himmelreich James , Perin Jose Krause , Mello Darli A. A.
Published: October 2021

We present extensive measurements of power efficiency in a long-haul optical fiber transmission testbed whose design was optimized considering detailed amplifier physics. Our results demonstrate the potential for optimized power-limited space-division-multiplexed submarine systems to achieve Pb/s cable capacities.
Impact of Cascaded Multi-Band 1×2 Photonic Integrated WSS in Metro-Access Networks
Authors: Kraemer Rafael , van den Hout Menno , van der Heide Sjoerd , Santana Henrique , Wang Yu , Nakamura Fumi , Tsuda Hiroyuki , Napoli Antonio , Okonkwo Chigo , Calabretta Nicola
Published: October 2021

PIC multi-band WSS is evaluated with 33.3 GBd 64-QAM data. BER values below the FEC-limit for the S, C and L-bands are obtained. The 3dB bandwidth scaling of cascading WSSs is also investigated for a metro-access network.
OSR-reduced Quad-level Delta-sigma Modulation based RoF Link for 2-Gbit/s 32-QAM OFDM
Authors: Weng Zu-Kai , Kanno Atsushi , Kawanishi Tetsuya
Published: October 2021

An OSR-reduced quad-level delta-sigma modulated 32-QAM OFDM based RoF link was experimentally demonstrated. The 2-Gbit/s data was transmitted over 25-km SMF with OSR reduced to 15 at receiving power of −9 dBm.
Polarization-Insensitive Dynamic BOTDA Based on Direct-Detection OFDM
Authors: Qi Di , Guan Xun , Chan Chun-Kit
Published: October 2021

A polarization-insensitive Brillouin optical time domain analyzer (BOTDA) based on intensity-modulated direct-detection (IM-DD) orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) is proposed and experimentally characterized. A polarization-multiplexed pump signal is used for polarization diversity of the stimulated Brillouin scattering, while an OFDM probe signal is used for single-shot sensing. Our experiments showed that the proposed scheme suppressed the gain fluctuation by 2.5 times.
Frequency Comb Assisted Photonic Digital-to-Analog Conversion Based on Frequency Chirp in a QD-SOA
Authors: Sagara Masaki , Rui Wang , Tsuda Junichi , Matsuura Motoharu
Published: October 2021

We present a frequency comb assisted photonic digital-to-analog conversion (DAC) based on frequency chirp using a quantum-dot semiconductor optical amplifier and following blue- shift filtering. We experimentally demonstrate 20-Gb/s binary-to-quaternary conversion for photonic DACs.
Heat-tolerant 112-Gb/s PAM4 transmission using active optical package substrate for silicon photonics co-packaging
Authors: Suda S. , Kurosu T. , Noriki A. , Tamai I. , Ibusuki Y. , Ukita A. , Takemura K. , Shimura D. , Onawa Y. , Yaegashi H. , Aoki T. , Amano T.
Published: October 2021

We demonstrate temperature insensitive operation of an active optical package substrate comprising of silicon waveguide, two micro-mirrors and polymer waveguide. Transmission of 112-Gb/s PAM4 optical signal was performed without noticeable penalty at 85 °C.
Piecewise Temperature Sensing with Fiber Bragg Grating Inscribed Erbium-doped Fiber
Authors: Yang Zongru , Liu Yifan , Zhao Qiancheng , Yu Changyuan
Published: October 2021

We report a sensing scheme using the fiber Bragg grating (FBG) inscribed erbium-doped fiber (EDF), which is capable of piecewise temperature sensing with two directions of characteristic parameters and high linearity.
Single-shot Cell Tomography for 3D Image Cytometry Applications
Authors: Zhou Renjie
Published: October 2021

For high-throughput single cell analysis with a high accuracy, it is vital to develop a high-speed three-dimensional (3D) imaging method. For this endeavor, we propose a single-shot 3D cell imaging method that can achieve diffraction-limited spatial resolution and sub-millisecond temporal resolution. This method is realized through training a deep neural network (DNN) in an angle-multiplexed optical diffraction tomography (ODT) system to reconstruct the 3D refractive index maps of cells. Cells of various types are reconstructed in 3D using this method and the results are validated with a beam propagation-based reconstruction method. We applied this new imaging method for observing 3D red blood cell deformations in microfluidic channels and demonstrating 3D image flow cytometry at a throughput of around 5,000 cells/second. We envision this new cell tomography method will find a wide range of applications in biology and medicine. © 2021 The Author(s)
A Machine Learning Assisted Device Fingerprint Identification Technique for TDM-PON System
Authors: Gao Wanchao , Fan Chengpeng , Dai Xiaoxiao , Wang Yuanxiang , Lu Weiqi , Cheng Mengfan , Deng Lei , Yang Qi , Liu Deming
Published: October 2021

A device fingerprint identification technique is proposed based on wavelet transform and CNN classification. It can significantly accelerate the multi-path timing alignment process and improve user security. © 2021 The Author(s)
Secure Optical Communication based on Orthogonal DQPSK/CSK Modulation and Symbol Overlapped Random Optical Phase Encryption
Authors: Gao Zhensen , Wu Qiongqiong , Fu Songnian , Wang Xu , Wang Yuncai , Qin Yuwen
Published: October 2021

We propose a novel physical layer secure optical communication scheme utilizing symbol overlapped random optical phase encryption to secretly transmit two private messages with orthogonal DQPSK/CSK modulation. A 3-bit/symbol 30Gb/s secure optical system is demonstrated. © 2021 The Author(s)
Noncontact Photoacoustic Signal Detection Using Phase-diversity Optical Coherent Receiver
Authors: Wang Xiaoyan , Hanawa Masanori
Published: October 2021

An optical digital coherent detection technique is applied to realize a stable real-time detection of noncontact photoacoustic signal by acquiring the entire quadrature components of the signal without waiting for the highest intensity instance.
99.999% Transmission Reliability based on MAC layer Feedback-repeat Scheme for LiFi Networking with B5G/6G
Authors: Chen Qiguan , Zhang Min , Han Dahai , Zhang Zhiguo , Xu Weishu
Published: October 2021

A degenerated MAC layer feedback-repeat reliable transmission scheme
was proposed and experimentally demonstrated for LiFi networking with
B5G/6G. The experimental results of end-to-end packet loss ratio
precedes 1/10000 (equals to 99.999% reliability).
Mathematical Model of Optical Functional Blocks for Automating Fully Disaggregated Optical Networks
Authors: Ishii Kiyo , Namiki Shu
Published: October 2021

Full visibility into an optical network at the component level is indispensable for the precise and rapid optimization of network configurations. A functional block–based disaggregation (FBD) model is introduced to realize a component-level automatic resource management mechanism.
Testing TIP Open Source Solutions in Deployed Optical Networks
Authors: Virgillito Emanuele , Braun Ralf-Peter , Breuer Dirk , Gladisch Andreas , Curri Vittorio , Grammel Gert
Published: October 2021

Standardization in optical networking enables operators to benefit from using open source components. We investigate quality of transmission of open source hard- and software in the Deutsche Telekom R&D SASER network and optimize the working point.
Demonstration of AI-Assisted Intent-Based Traffic Grooming in 5G Optical Access Network
Authors: Guan Luyao , Zhang Min , Wang Danshi , Zhang Chunyu
Published: October 2021

We propose an AI-assisted intent-based traffic grooming scheme in 5G optical access network. The experimental results show scheme achieves autonomous decision-making for service assurance and efficiently optimizes network performance by AI-assisted intent-based traffic grooming.
High-performance 100 Gbaud Coherent Photonic Modules
Authors: Ziari M. , Lal V. , Studenkov P. , Hodaei H. , Frost T. , Tsai C. , Hoshino K. , Behnia B. , Going R. , Wolf S. , Porto S. , Kuntz M. , Vallaitis T. , Sooudi E. , Lavrencik J. , Salvatore R. , Modi N. , Abolghasem P. , Fisher M. , Murthy S. , Buggaveeti S. , Brigham R. , Pavinski D. , Zhang J. , Zhang J. , Corzine S. , Evans P. , Dominic V. , Maher R. , Mertz P. , Sanders S. , Sun H. , Osenbach J. , Kandappan P.
Published: October 2021

1.6 Tb/s optical engine is enabled through vertical integration of a 2-channel monolithic InP PIC with SiGe electronics and a real-time DSP ASIC operating at 100 Gbaud for 800 Gb/s transmission.
High Speed and Low Dark Current InGaAs Photodiodes on CMOS-Compatible Silicon by Heteroepitaxy
Authors: Song Bowen , Shi Bei , Zhu Si , Brunelli Simone Šuran , Klamkin Jonathan
Published: October 2021

High speed InGaAs photodiodes were realized on (001) Si by direct heteroepitaxy, demonstrating low dark current, high responsivity, a bandwidth of 11 GHz and up to 30 Gbps operation at a wavelength of 1550 nm.
Dual M-Layers Avalanche Photodiodes with Extremely Wide Dynamic Ranges and Ultra-High Bandwidth-Responsivity Product Performances in FMCW Lidar Systems
Authors: Ahmad Zohauddin , Liao Yan-Min , Kuo Sheng-I , Chang You-Chia , Chao Rui-Lin , Naseem  , Lee Yi-Shan , Shi Jin-Wei
Published: October 2021

Dual multiplication-layers APDs with large bandwidth-responsivity product (460GHz-A/W), saturation-current (>10mA), and IF-power (+4.5dBm) are demonstrated in self-heterodyne FWCW lidar systems with ~285% modulation depths. Constructed images show 9.5dB larger SNRs than that of p-i-n PD.
320Gb/s Nyquist-shaped Twin SSB 16-QAM Signal Transmission over 80km SSMF with a Silicon IQ Modulator
Authors: Yang Fan , Zhang Lei , Chen Xinyu , Fang Xiansong , Li Chenjia , Zhang Fan
Published: October 2021

We experimentally demonstrate ultrahigh speed metro-haul optical transmission of twin SSB 16-QAM signal with a Silicon IQ modulator. A 320Gb/s data rate over 80km SSMF is achieved with a BER below the 20% SD-FEC threshold.
Simplifying Measurement-Device-Independent Quantum Key Distribution with Directly Modulated Laser Sources
Authors: Woodward R. I. , Lo Y. S. , Pittaluga M. , Minder M. , Paraiso T. K. , Lucamarini M. , Yuan Z. L. , Shields A. J.
Published: October 2021

We demonstrate a new MDI-QKD system design employing gain-switched, injection-locked lasers to directly generate GHz-clock-rate encoded states, greatly simplifying MDI-QKD and improving state-of-the-art performance by an order of magnitude.
A Machine Learning Framework for Scalable Routing and Wavelength Assignment in Large Optical Networks
Authors: Andreoletti Davide , Rottondi Cristina , Bianco Andrea , Giordano Silvia
Published: October 2021

We perform a machine-learning-based network pruning that significantly reduces the complexity of routing and wavelength assignment in large optical networks. A significant computational time reduction is achieved by accepting a minor deterioration of the obtained solution.
Inter-Band Interference Cancellation Based on Independent Component Analysis for 200Gb/s/λ Non-Orthogonal m-CAP NGFI-II Data Transmission in 5G Fronthaul
Authors: Ha Yinaer , Luo Ming , He Zhixue , Zhang Junwen , Hu Fangchen , Wang Zhe , Chi Nan
Published: October 2021

We experimentally demonstrated 200Gb/s/λ mobile fronthaul NGFI-II data transmission based on non-orthogonal-m-CAP system. A novel inter-band interference cancellation method based on independent component analysis is proposed to achieve 13% SE improvement.
Record high-order mode-division-multiplexed transmission on chip using gradient-duty-cycle subwavelength gratings
Authors: He Yu , An Shaohua , Li Xingfeng , Huang Yetian , Zhang Yong , Chen Haoshuo , Su Yikai
Published: October 2021

We demonstrate 16-channel mode (de)multiplexers on a silicon chip using gradient-duty-cycle subwavelength gratings. A 1.51-Tbit/s/polarization/wavelength capacity is achieved at 1550 nm with 7 neighboring 50-GHz spaced ASE channels.
319 Tb/s Transmission over 3001 km with S, C and L band signals over >120nm bandwidth in 125 μm wide 4-core fiber
Authors: Puttnam Benjamin J. , Luís Ruben S. , Rademacher Georg , Awaji Yoshinari , Furukawa Hideaki
Published: October 2021

We demonstrate recirculating transmission of 552 x 25 GHz spaced channels covering >120 nm of S, C and L-bands in a 125μm dimeter, 4-core fiber, measuring a decoded throughput of 319 Tb/s at 3001 km.
Quantifying the Gain of Entropy-Loaded Digital Multicarrier for Beyond 100 Gbaud Transmission Systems
Authors: Nguyen Trung-Hien , Lorences-Riesgo Abel , Mumtaz Sami , Zhao Yu , Demirtzioglou Iosif , de Jauregui Ruiz Ivan Fernandez , Sales-Llopis Marti , Frignac Yann , Charlet Gabriel , Dris Stefanos
Published: October 2021

We investigate the benefit of entropy-loading for digital multicarrier systems operating under colored noise conditions induced by transceiver impairments. We demonstrate up to 0.35 dB Q2-factor gain for 1 Tb/s capacity with 8-subcarrier 125 GBd PCS-256-QAM.
A resource-effective QKD field-trial in Padua with the iPOGNAC encoder
Authors: Avesani Marco , Calderaro Luca , Foletto Giulio , Agnesi Costantino , Picciariello Francesco , Santagiustina Francesco , Scriminich Alessia , Stanco Andrea , Vedovato Francesco , Zahidy Mujtaba , Vallone Giuseppe , Villoresi Paolo
Published: October 2021

We describe a novel low-error and calibration-free polarization encoder for Quantum Key Distribution, called iPOGNAC. The device, together with the Qubit4Sync synchronization, has been used to realize a resource-effective QKD field-trial in Padua, Italy.
Fully Connected Entanglement-based Quantum Communication Network without Trusted Node
Authors: Liu Xu , Xue Rong , Huang Yidong , Zhang Wei
Published: October 2021

We proposed a fully connected quantum communication network architecture based on multi-user entanglement distribution by space multiplexing and wavelength multiplexing technologies. A fully connected QKD network with 40 users was demonstrated experimentally.
Analysis of the Impact of Radiation-Induced Optical Transients on Deep-Space Optical Communications Systems using PPM
Authors: Tzintzarov George N. , Teng Jeffrey W. , Ildefonso Adrian , Cressler John D.
Published: October 2021

An analysis on the effects of radiation-induced optical transients in a communications link using PPM is presented. The probability of symbol errors is shown to increase due to ionizing radiation-induced depletion of the optical signal.
20.8 Tb/s Transmission over 1200 km Using G654E Fibers, Hybrid Amplification and 400 Gb/s CFP2-DCO Interfaces
Authors: Lavigne B. , Le Monnier M. , Zami T. , Bode D. , Azzini G.A. , Peruta R. , Suberini L. , Jovane S. , Bertran-Pardo O. , Ghazisaeidi A.
Published: October 2021

By using a 400 Gb/s 64Gbaud CFP2-DCO interface, we show error free transmission on fifty-two 75 GHz-spaced spectral positions of a fully loaded 4800 GHz-wide WDM comb over 1200km of G654E fiber with hybrid amplification.
A Latency-Aware Real-Time Video Surveillance Demo: Network Slicing for Improving Public Safety
Authors: Shariati B. , Pedreno-Manresa J. J. , Dochhan A. , Muqaddas A. S. , Casellas R. , de Dios O. González , Canto L. L. , Lent B. , López de Vergara J. E. , López-Buedo S. , Moreno F. J. , Pavón P. , Velasco L. , Patri S. , Giorgetti A. , Cugini F. , Sgambelluri A. , Nejabati R. , Simeonidou D. , Braun R-P , Autenrieth A. , Elbers J.-P. , Fischer J. K. , Freund R.
Published: October 2021

We report the automated deployment of 5G services across a latency-aware, semi-disaggregated, and virtualized metro network. We summarize the key findings in a detailed analysis of end-to-end latency, service setup time, and soft-failure detection time.
A Novel low-latency DBA for Virtualised PON implemented through P4 In-Network Processing
Authors: Mafioletti Diego Rossi , Slyne Frank , Giller Robin , O’Hanlon Michael , Ryan Brendan , Ruffini Marco
Published: October 2021

We present a novel dual-DBA allocation, with a fast P4-enabled scheduler to provide low latency upstream grant allocations. We show latency reduction of 37% and 43%, respectively, compared to standard and virtual PONs.
Experimental Demonstrations of Concurrent Adaptive Inter-ONU and Upstream Communications in IMDD Hybrid SSB OFDM-DFMA PONs
Authors: Zhong Z. Q. , Jin W. , Jiang S. , He J. X. , Chang D. , Giddings R. P. , Hong Y. H. , O’Sullivan M. , Durrant T. , Mariani G. , Trewern J. , Tang J. M.
Published: October 2021

Concurrent adaptive inter-ONU and upstream communications are experimentally demonstrated in 25km@101.6Gbit/s IMDD hybrid SSB OFDM-DFMA PONs, offering a promising candidate to meet 5G and beyond networks’ requirements in terms of latency, bitrate and connection density.