bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
On the relationship between ecosystem-scale hyperspectral reflectance and CO2 exchange in European mountain grasslands
Authors: Balzarolo M. , Vescovo L. , Hammerle A. , Gianelle D. , Papale D. , Wohlfahrt G.
Published: July 2014

Abstract. In this paper we explore the use of hyperspectral reflectance measurements and vegetation indices (VIs) derived therefrom in estimating carbon dioxide (CO2) fluxes (net ecosystem exchange – NEE; gross primary production – GPP), and some key ecophysiological variables related to NEE and GPP (light use efficiency – ε; initial quantum yield – α; and GPP at saturating light – GPPmax) for grasslands. Hyperspectral reflectance data (400–1000 nm), CO2 fluxes and biophysical parameters were measured at three grassland sites located in European mountain regions. The relationships between CO2 fluxes, ecophysiological variables and VIs derived using all two-band combinations of wavelengths available from the whole hyperspectral data space were analysed. We found that hyperspectral VIs generally explained a large fraction of the variability in the investigated dependent variables and that they generally exhibited more skill in estimating midday and daily average GPP and NEE, as well as GPPmax, than α and ε. Relationships between VIs and CO2 fluxes and ecophysiological parameters were site-specific, likely due to differences in soils, vegetation parameters and environmental conditions. Chlorophyll and water content related VIs (e.g. CI, NPCI, WI), reflecting seasonal changes in biophysical parameters controlling the photosynthesis process, explained the largest fraction of variability in most of the dependent variables. A limitation of the hyperspectral sensors is that their cost is still high and the use laborious. At the eddy covariance with a limited budget and without technical support, we suggest to use at least dual or four channels low cost sensors in the the following spectral regions: 400–420 nm; 500–530 nm; 750–770 nm; 780–800 nm and 880–900 nm. In addition, our findings have major implications for up-scaling terrestrial CO2 fluxes to larger regions and for remote and proximal sensing sampling and analysis strategies and call for more cross-site synthesis studies linking ground-based spectral reflectance with ecosystem-scale CO2 fluxes.
Complex networks for streamflow dynamics
Authors: Sivakumar B. , Woldemeskel F. M.
Published: July 2014

Abstract. Streamflow modeling is an enormously challenging problem, due to the complex and nonlinear interactions between climate inputs and landscape characteristics over a wide range of spatial and temporal scales. A basic idea in streamflow studies is to establish connections that generally exist, but attempts to identify such connections are largely dictated by the problem at hand and the system components in place. While numerous approaches have been proposed in the literature, our understanding of these connections remains far from adequate. The present study introduces the theory of networks, and in particular complex networks, to examine the connections in streamflow dynamics, with a particular focus on spatial connections. Monthly streamflow data observed over a period of 52 years from a large network of 639 monitoring stations in the contiguous United States are studied. The connections in this streamflow network are examined using the concept of clustering coefficient, which is a measure of local density and quantifies the network's tendency to cluster. The clustering coefficient analysis is performed with several different threshold levels, which are based on correlations in streamflow data between the stations. The clustering coefficient values of the 639 stations are used to obtain important information about the connections in the network and their extent, similarity and differences between stations/regions, and the influence of thresholds. The relationship of the clustering coefficient with the number of links/actual links in the network and the number of neighbors is also addressed. The results clearly indicate the usefulness of the network-based approach for examining connections in streamflow, with important implications for interpolation and extrapolation, classification of catchments, and predictions in ungaged basins.
Taxation records as a source of information for the study of historical floods in South Moravia, Czech Republic
Authors: Brázdil R. , Chromá K. , Řezníčková L. , Valášek H. , Dolák L. , Stachoň Z. , Soukalová E. , Dobrovolný P.
Published: July 2014

Abstract. Since the second half of the 17th century, tax relief has been available to farmers and landowners to offset flood damage to property (buildings) and land (fields, meadows, pastures, gardens) in South Moravia, Czech Republic. Historically, the written applications for this were supported by a relatively efficient bureaucratic process that left a clear data trail of documentation, preserved at several levels: in the communities affected, in regional offices, and in the Moravian Land Office, all of which are to be found in estate and family collections in the Moravian Land Archives in the city of Brno, the provincial capital. As well as detailed information about damage done and administrative responses to it, data is often preserved as to the flood event itself, the time of its occurrence and its impacts, sometimes together with causes and stages. The final flood database based on taxation records is used here to describe the temporal and spatial density of both flood events and the records themselves. The information derived is used to help create long-term flood chronologies for the Rivers Dyje, Jihlava, Svratka and Morava, combining floods interpreted from taxation records with other documentary data and floods derived from later systematic hydrological measurements (water levels, discharges). Common periods of higher flood frequency appear largely in 1821–1850 and 1921–1950, although this shifts to several other decades for individual rivers. Certain uncertainties are inseparable from flood data taxation records: their spatial and temporal incompleteness; the inevitable limitation to larger-scale damage and to the summer half-year; and the different characters of rivers, including land-use changes and channel modifications. Taxation data has great potential for extending our knowledge of past floods for the rest of the Czech Republic as well, not to mention other European countries in which records have survived.
Streamflow simulation methods for ungauged and poorly gauged watersheds
Authors: Loukas A. , Vasiliades L.
Published: July 2014

Abstract. Rainfall–runoff modelling procedures for ungauged and poorly gauged watersheds are developed in this study. A well-established hydrological model, the University of British Columbia (UBC) watershed model, is selected and applied in five different river basins located in Canada, Cyprus, and Pakistan. Catchments from cold, temperate, continental, and semiarid climate zones are included to demonstrate the procedures developed. Two methodologies for streamflow modelling are proposed and analysed. The first method uses the UBC watershed model with a universal set of parameters for water allocation and flow routing, and precipitation gradients estimated from the available annual precipitation data as well as from regional information on the distribution of orographic precipitation. This method is proposed for watersheds without streamflow gauge data and limited meteorological station data. The second hybrid method proposes the coupling of UBC watershed model with artificial neural networks (ANNs) and is intended for use in poorly gauged watersheds which have limited streamflow measurements. The two proposed methods have been applied to five mountainous watersheds with largely varying climatic, physiographic, and hydrological characteristics. The evaluation of the applied methods is based on the combination of graphical results, statistical evaluation metrics, and normalized goodness-of-fit statistics. The results show that the first method satisfactorily simulates the observed hydrograph assuming that the basins are ungauged. When limited streamflow measurements are available, the coupling of ANNs with the regional, non-calibrated UBC flow model components is considered a successful alternative method to the conventional calibration of a hydrological model based on the evaluation criteria employed for streamflow modelling and flood frequency estimation.
Permafrost-affected soils and their carbon pools with a focus on the Russian Arctic
Authors: Zubrzycki S. , Kutzbach L. , Pfeiffer E.-M.
Published: July 2014

Abstract. Permafrost-affected soils have accumulated enormous pools of organic matter during the Quaternary period. The area occupied by these soils amounts to more than 8.6 million km2, which is about 27% of all land areas north of 50° N. Therefore, permafrost-affected soils are considered to be one of the important cryosphere elements within the climate system. Due to the cryopedogenic processes that form these particular soils and the overlying vegetation that is adapted to the arctic climate, organic matter has accumulated to the present extent of up to 1024 Pg (1 Pg = 1015 g = 1 Gt) of soil organic carbon stored within the uppermost 3 m of ground. Considering the observed progressive climate change and the projected polar amplification, permafrost-affected soils will undergo fundamental property changes. Higher turnover and mineralisation rates of the organic matter are consequences of these changes, which are expected to result in an increased release of climate-relevant trace gases into the atmosphere. The controversy of whether permafrost regions continue accumulating carbon or already function as a carbon source remains open until today. An increased focus on this subject matter, especially in underrepresented Siberian regions, could contribute to a more robust estimation of the soil organic carbon pool of permafrost regions and at the same time improve the understanding of the carbon sink and source functions of permafrost-affected soils.
Fabric along the NEEM ice core, Greenland, and its comparison with GRIP and NGRIP ice cores
Authors: Montagnat M. , Azuma N. , Dahl-Jensen D. , Eichler J. , Fujita S. , Gillet-Chaulet F. , Kipfstuhl S. , Samyn D. , Svensson A. , Weikusat I.
Published: July 2014

Abstract. Fabric (distribution of crystallographic orientations) along the full NEEM ice core, Greenland was measured in the field by an automatic ice texture analyzer every 10 m, from 33 m down to 2461 m depth. The fabric evolves from a slightly anisotropic fabric at the top, toward a strong single maximum at about 2300 m, which is typical of a deformation pattern mostly driven by uniaxial compression and simple shearing. A sharp increase in the fabric strengthening rate is observed at the Holocene to Wisconsin (HW) climatic transition. From a simple model we estimate that this depth is located at a transition from a state dominated by vertical compression to a state dominated by vertical shear. Comparisons are made to two others ice cores drilled along the same ridge; the GRIP ice core, drilled at the summit of the ice sheet, and the NGRIP ice core, drilled 325 km to the NNW of the summit along the ridge, and 365 km upstream from NEEM. This comparison tends to demonstrate that the ice viscosity change with the HW climatic transition must be associated with the shear-dominated state to induce the abrupt fabric strengthening observed at NEEM. This comparison therefore reflects the increasing role of shear deformation on the coring site when moving NW along the ridge from GRIP to NGRIP and NEEM. The difference in fabric profiles between NEEM and NGRIP also evidences a stronger lateral extension associated with a sharper ridge at NGRIP. Further along the core, centimeter scale abrupt texture (fabric and microstructure) variations are observed in the bottom part of the core. Their positions are in good agreement with the observed folding layers in Dahl-Jensen et al. (2013).
The Effects of Mobbing on Organizational Cynicism: A Study on Hotels in Turkey
Authors: Pelit Elbeyi , Pelit Nil
Published: July 2014

The aim of this study is to determine the effects of the hotel employees' mobbing perceptions on organizational cynicism. In this respect, employees’ mobbing perceptions and attitudes related to organizational cynicism are evaluated separately, and then through putting forth the effect of mobbing on organizational cynicism on the sample of hotel business employees in Turkey. In this research, survey technique was utilized as a data collecting method, also the relevant mobbing and organizational cynicism scales were utilized. Survey way applied to 936 people selected through stage sampling method from employees of the five star hotel in Turkey which constitute the population of this research, and data collected for the aim of this study was analyzed and interpreted.According to the results of this research, it was determined that when hotel employees’ mobbing perceptions are considered in general, the highest mobbing perception is in “self-realization and attacks intended for communication formation” dimension; when their attitudes on organizational cynicism are considered in general, organizational cynicism with the highest average is behavioral cynicism. On the other hand, relations between employees’ mobbing perceptions and attitudes on organizational cynicism have been found significant in this research, also it is achieved that mobbing increases organizational cynicism.
A Review of Organizational and Individual Career Management: A Dual Perspective
Authors: Wesarat Phathara-on , Sharif Mohmad Yazam , Majid Abdul Halim Abdul
Published: July 2014

This paper views career management as a combination of both organizational career management (OCM) and individual career management (ICM). It highlights the important impact of career management on personal and organizational successes. It also emphasizes on the effective career management which fosters personal career growth and sustains organizational competitive advantages. At the personal level, the notion of career management brings forth the employee’s capability to develop a career in the workplace. Likewise, it provides organizations with the ability to proactively respond to the rapidly changing organizational environments. This paper differentiates between OCM and ICM that could lead to a clearer understanding of the two terms. The concept of career management is important to academics and practitioners who are involved in this area.
Effect of Remuneration on Employees Performance in the Ministry of Internal Security: A Case of Kisii County
Authors: Onyancha Wilfred Nyanumba , Elijah Charles Munene , Muturi Willy
Published: July 2014

Despite the fact that the Kenyan government had made efforts, achievements and remarkable developments in the Ministry of Internal Security for its success, the performance of the workforce was still poor and this could be due to poor remuneration of employees, whereby the salary scale had remained constant for a long time despite of the increasing cost of living in the country. And this had also demoralized the employees leading to poor performance in the Ministry which in the end could result into loss of the credibility of the government. When the cost-of-living rose, there was enormous pressure on employers to raise wages and salaries by the rate of inflation. The problem therefore was how to improve productivity of employees by providing the pay which could enable them to cope up with their purchasing power. It was therefore important for the organization to consider the salary system as a mechanism by which an organization could plan how to attract, retain, reward and motivate its salaried employees in order to enhance good performance in the Ministry. The human resource factor (particularly remuneration) lied at the very heart of the reform program. Subsequently, the need arose to undertake an empirical study to determine the effect of remuneration on employees’ performance at the Ministry of Internal Security.
The Leadership Style Preference among Sabah Ethnicities
Authors: A.B Dg Kamisah , Wafa Syed Azizi
Published: July 2014

Leadership style is not a novel concept and has been discussed widely all over the world. With the acceleration of globalization, organizations have to adapt to new paradigms or approaches of leadership. Therefore, it is important to understand leadership preference among individuals to ensure their willingness to perform their job. Specifically, this study was conducted to identify the relationship between gender, age, education level and working experience and leadership preference. This study intends to understand the leadership preference among Sabah communities which involve three major ethnic groups in Sabah namely Malay-Brunei, Bajau and Kadazan-Dusun. The sample of this research was selected based on purposive convenient sampling whereby all respondents are located in Kota Kinabalu. A questionnaire was administered for data collection with a sample of two hundred and nineteen employees from both the public and the private sectors. The data was analyzed using one way ANOVA and the results showed that the three major ethnic groups in Sabah appear to have similar leadership preference. In addition, no significant difference was found between leadership preferences and the demographic variables.
Evaluation of Organizational Commitment Models and their components in Asian Cities
Authors: Wong Anthony , Tong Canon
Published: July 2014

Most studies in organizational commitment that conducted in Asian cities employed the three-component model of Meyer and Allen (1991). The five-component organizational commitment model of Wang (2004) had provided a better explanation of organization commitment behaviour in her research. In order to evaluate the appropriateness of Wang’s model, this research used her five-component model in studying the organizational commitment in Hong Kong. This research also provided an evaluation of its results with other relevant research in Asian cities in order to compare the organizational commitment behaviour in this area. Data was collected from 310 Information and Communication Technology (ICT) professionals in Hong Kong. Results indicate that Wang’s model is more appropriate than other western models in describing employees’ commitment in Hong Kong. By comparing the data collected in this research and recent findings from other researchers in Asian cities, the evaluation of these results indicates that the level of organizational commitment in Hong Kong is higher than those in other Asian cities.
The relationship between developmental performance appraisal, organizational support, organizational commitment and task performance: Testing a mediation model
Authors: Poursafar Ali , Rajaeepour Saeed , Seyadat Sayeed Ali , Oreizi Hamid Reza
Published: July 2014

The goal of the present research was to examine how organizational support and organizational commitment influence the relationship between developmental performance appraisal and the employees’ task performance. A number of 217 formal employees working at Gas Company in Gilan, Iran with a degree of diploma and beyond were selected to answer a questionnaire in a stratified random manner. The research method was a cross-sectional survey type (structural equation model). Research instruments adopted in this study included Questionnaire of Developmental Performance Appraisal (Kuvaas, 2007), perceived Organizational Support scale (Rhoades et al., 2001), Organizational Commitment Questionnaire (Balfour and Wechsler, 1996), as well as Task Performance Questionnaire (Williams  and Anderson, 1991). To evaluate the suggested model, structural equation modeling through PASW Statistics22 and Amos Graphics21software package were used. Moreover, the indirect effects were tested by Bootstrap procedure. The results revealed that the research suggested model enjoyed a good fitting with data. The findings does not support direct path of developmental performance appraisal and task performance .The research findings showed that indirect path of developmental performance appraisal, organizational commitment and organizational citizenship behavior was meaningful, while the indirect path of developmental performance appraisal, organizational support and task performance were not supported. Eventually, Implications and directions for future research are discussed.
Factors Affecting Employee Satisfaction of the Public and Private Sector Organizations of Pakistan
Authors: Masood Ayesha , -Ul-Ain Qurat , Aslam Rabia , Rizwan Muhammad
Published: July 2014

The purpose of this study is to find out the factors that affect employee satisfaction and how much is the intensity. Specifically, we took Working conditions, pay & promotion, Job safety and security, Training and development and employee empowerment as the antecedents to see their impact on employee satisfaction and further the impact of employee satisfaction on Job performance and employee turnover intention. This can help us to better understand about the satisfaction level of employees and how we can motivate employees to perform their job efficiently and effectively. The Sample was collected from different organizations of Bahawalpur City (Punjab, Pakistan). Two main clusters were targeted to collect the sample data university employees and some private organizations in the city. The questionnaire was distributed among 200 respondents in Bahawalpur City. 155 questionnaires were selected and rests of the questionnaires were not included in the further analysis due to incomplete or invalid responses.The survey study addresses two major purposes; first is to analyze the relationship of different variables with employee satisfaction, second to collect information about the different characteristics. After collecting the completed questionnaires, these questionnaires were coded and entered into SPSS sheet and the hypothesiswas tested using regression analysis. Result of our study show significant relationship of working conditions, Job Safety and security, Training and Development and Employee Empowerment on Employee Satisfaction and Job Performance. However, Pay and promotion has no significant relation with Job Performance. Employee Satisfaction has a significant negative relation with turnover intention.
Determinants of Employee Motivation and its impact on Knowledge Transfer and Job Satisfaction
Authors: Zafar Nida , Ishaq Sana , Shoukat Shaista , Rizwan Muhammad
Published: July 2014

This study specifically examines the impact of different variables like extrinsic reward (Pay), intrinsic reward (Appreciation), training and expectancy on employee motivation and impact of employee motivation on job satisfaction and knowledge transfer. The general purpose of this study is to motivate employees. If employees are motivated, they will be satisfied by their jobs and if they are satisfied by their job then they will work hard to attain organizational goals and if goals are achieved then organization will get profit. The current research is descriptive in its nature. We select the sample from different sectors in Pakistan. We select the sample of 200 respondents from population for the collection of data and to check the response of different employees. For this purpose, we structured a self- administrated questionnaire and filled it from the right respondent for true results. We use Regression analysis in this study. This analysis is very important to check the confidence of the study from different respondents. Due to this analysis, we found that Pay and Appreciation are not directly effecting the employee motivation. Job satisfaction also has no direct link with employee motivation but training of employee, expectancy and knowledge transfer have direct relationship with employee motivation. These three variables help a lot to motivate an employee.
The Impact of Rewards & Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) On Employee Motivation
Authors: Khan Aroosa , Latif Fatima , Jalal Wardah , Anjum Rabia , Rizwan Muhammad
Published: July 2014

After a long period of research on this topic, motivating employees and retaining them is still a threatening challenge for organizations. The study aims to analyze impact of rewards and corporate social responsibility (CSR) on employee’s motivation in Pakistan. This study specifically examines the relationship between intrinsic rewards, extrinsic rewards, internal CSR, external CSR (customer related), external CSR (local communities related), external CSR (business partner related) and employee motivation. It also examines relationship between employee motivation and organizational commitment. Employees of Bahawalpur and Rahim yar khan are the sample of this research. Sample size of 150 respondents was used and data collected through self administered questionnaire which was analyzed in SPSS 16 using regression technique. The result depicts that there is significant relationships between extrinsic rewards, external CSR (local communities), external CSR (business partner) and employee motivation and there is also significant relationship between employee motivation and organizational commitment. Management should focus on extrinsic rewards, external CSR (local communities & business partner related) to motivate employees for organizational commitment.
Reproductive Biology and Bioturbatory Activities of Two Sympatric Species of Fiddler Crabs Uca lactea annulipes and Uca triangularis bengali (Decopada : Ocypodidae) at the East Midnapore Coastal Belt of West Bengal, India
Authors: Chatterjee Subhasish , Das Tapas Kumar , Chakraborty Susanta Kumar
Published: July 2014

Two sympatric species of fiddler crabs viz. Uca lactea annulipes and Uca triangularis bengali belonging to order decapoda, family ocypodidae have been taken into consideration in respect of their habitat preference, sex ratio, fecundity and role of bioturbatory activities in sustaining the coastal-estuarine-ecosystem dynamics at an ecotone (Talsari) located in the Midnapore (East) coastal belt of West Bengal, India. A distinct segregation of habitats of these two species was evident from this field study. In general, monthly sex ratios were a clearly male biased for both species. Reproductive potential and intensity of the studied fiddler crabs have been measured by quantifying the relative frequency of ovigerous females and their fecundities. These two crabs have been to be as excellent bioturbator mediators and their bioturbatory activities were found to alter geochemistry of sediments by way of making semidomes (only male of U. lactea annulipes) and mudballs (both sexes of U. triangularis bengali). These bioturbatory structures used to play some role in the social as well sexual interactions of both species.
Examining Customer Switching Behavior in Cellular Industry
Authors: Malik Sana , Mahmood Shanayyara , Rizwan Muhammad
Published: July 2014

Although technology evolves over the year, people take it longer to accept it. The invention of touch screen mobiles or smart phones has now become a need of the hour, simultaneously lowering the demand for keypad mobiles. Our research investigates these switching intentions among people due to the adoption of the new technology. Customer defection is happens when people give up one service provider for another in order to get equipped with the latest gadgets. Survey research method was employed. Questionnaires were distributed among cellular phone users in Bahawalpur. Valid questionnaires (n=170) were filled and returned. Regression analysis was used to analyze the data. PEOU and PU are directly related which has a positive relationship with switching intentions. Also, switching costs and customer loyalty are positively associated. Overall, this research explains that perceived usefulness play a major role in determining customer’s switching intentions and that the companies should increase their switching costs to enhance customer loyalty.
Attitude of people towards retention and switching: A study based on Nestle brand in Pakistan
Authors: Khan Muhammad Amin , Raheel Muhammad , Chughtai Muhammad Saqib , Raza Suftain , Rizwan Muhammad
Published: July 2014

Intention to change from a product/service to a different ends up in change behaviour .This behaviour may end up in a very major decrease within the sales revenue that successively can end in a large decrease in profits. The aim of this study is to visualize the change intention of the people because of totally different multiple factors. The character of this analysis is descriptive. All variables have important impact on change intention. The result shows that client satisfaction and client loyalty have negative impact on switching intention. And every factor has positive impact on switching intention. The results show that as loyalty and satisfaction of client will increase the intention to switching decreases. On the opposite hand increase in worth, company name, trust and word of mouth lead to a rise in change intention. The study was focused primarily in a city and therefore the respondents were primarily below the age of thirty.
The promotional tools and situational factors’ impact on consumer buying behaviour and sales promotion
Authors: Ashraf M. Ghafran , Rizwan Muhammad , Iqbal Aamir , Khan M. Arslan
Published: July 2014

We can see that companies spend a large portion of their budgets for sale promotion. The goal is to offer the merchandise more attractive and valuable. These ideas allow us to conclude that the institutions seek to manipulate the buying activities of consumers, and so begin a strong promotional campaigns or changes in pricing policies, with other measures. The purpose of this research is to study closely the taste of the customers in the various promotional tools. But in this study, we will discuss the impact of a free sample, price reduction, social surroundings and physical surroundings on consumer purchasing behaviour and sales promotion. The research, which we were using in this study, was descriptive in its nature. In this study, we asked 200 respondents to participate in the investigation of self-government to collect data. In this current research questionnaire used as a tool for research. The main objective of the empirical research to measure the reliability of the questionnaires that were used in this research. After collecting the questionnaires, forms we recoded and then entered in to SPSS for regression analysis. With regard to the tendency of customers for sales promotion, research has revealed that a free sample, the discount rate, the physical environment and the social environment played a more significant role in the development of consumer buying behaviour and sales promotion during consumer sales promotion. The practical implications of this research are in recognition of sales promotion tactics that are relevant to the management of clients in the first place in Pakistan. Marketers can get the data from this study will help to identify the buying behaviour of customers and they can also help traders to use promotional techniques and situational factors most effective in attracting customers.
Bernard Stiegler on Agriculture as a Technical System
Authors: Lemmens Pieter
Published: July 2014

According to Bernard Stiegler’s theory of techno-evolution, technologies have an intrinsically pharmacological nature. They can be both supportive and destructive for sociotechnical practices based on them. Technological innovations always first disrupt existing sociotechnical practices, but can and should then always be appropriated by the social system to be turned into a new technical system upon which new sociotechnical practices are based. As constituted and conditioned by a technical system, agriculture is necessarily a system of care. Current deployment of transgenic technologies under capitalist conditions leads to processes of proletarianization in agriculture, which has led to their widespread rejection. However, they can and should become the basis of a new system of care, but only under the condition that they are wrought from corporate control and redeployed to initiate a process of deproletarianization
Biomassa e acúmulo de nutrientes em Ilex paraguariensis A. St. Hil.
Authors: Caron Braulio Otomar , Santos Danilo Rheinheimer dos , Schmidt Denise , Basso Claudir José , Behling Alexandre , Eloy Elder , Bamberg Rogerio
Published: July 2014

http://dx.doi.org/10.5902/1980509814565Ainda são poucas as informações sobre a influência da luminosidade na produção de biomassa bem como no teor de alguns nutrientes em folhas de Ilex paraguariensis. Este trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar a produção de biomassa da parte aérea da Ilex paraguariensis A. St. Hil. (ramos e folhas) e o teor de nitrogênio, potássio, fósforo, cálcio, magnésio e ferro em folhas produzidas em dois sistemas de cultivos, consorciado com Pinus elliottii Engel. e solteiro, ao longo das estações do ano no município de Frederico Westphalen- RS. Os resultados mostraram que a produção de biomassa da Ilex paraguariensis (folhas + ramos) é maior no cultivo solteiro quando comparada ao consorciado, porém, quando comparados os dois sistemas de cultivo com relação aos teores de fósforo, mas principalmente cálcio, magnésio e ferro, observou-se uma variação pequena para as diferentes épocas do ano, o que indica uma atividade metabólica mais constante da planta de erva-mate sob uma condição mais sombreada, o que torna um importante fator na qualidade final do produto.
Caracterização da monodominância de aroeira (Myracrodruon urundeuva Fr. All.) no município de Tumiritinga – MG
Authors: Oliveira Felipe Pinho de , Souza Agostinho Lopes de , Fernandes Filho Elpídio Inácio
Published: July 2014

http://dx.doi.org/10.5902/1980509814568A espécie florestal Myracrodruon urundeuva Fr. All. é reconhecida cientificamente pelo conjunto de características ecológicas e utilitárias que a caracterizam como espécie “nobre” da flora brasileira. Embora a espécie figure desde 1992 até o presente na lista de espécies da flora brasileira ameaçadas de extinção, a mesma manifesta comportamento monodominante em algumas regiões do estado de Minas Gerais, sobretudo na região do médio Rio Doce. Diversos estudos são conduzidos no intuito de descrever e compreender florestas tropicais monodominadas, no entanto, ainda são poucas as informações que esclarecem a estrutura de fragmentos florestais monodominados por Myracrodruon urundeuva. Neste contexto, o presente estudo teve por objetivos: a) caracterizar através de parâmetros florísticos, fitossociológicos e paramétricos a monodominância de Myracrodruon urundeuva no município de Tumiritinga-MG; b) estimar os estoques de biomassa e carbono aéreos nestes sistemas; c) caracterizar o estágio de regeneração de fragmentos florestais monodominados por aroeira em Tumiritinga-MG, com base na resolução 392 do CONAMA; d) avaliar a existência de correlação entre cobertura de copa e estágio de regeneração em fragmentos monodominados por aroeira. Foram amostradas de forma aleatória 16 parcelas de 400 m² em todo o município de Tumiritinga, representando 6.400 m² de “aroeirais”. A análise de diversidade dos fragmentos monodominados estudados apresentou índice de Shannon-Weaver igual a 0,25. Myracrodruon urundeuva representou 96% dos 678 fustes amostrados, 96% da área basal total mensurada e 96% do volume total estimado nas parcelas de inventário. Além da espécie Myracrodruon urundeuva, o estudo de florística apresentou somente outras 10 espécies florestais representadas por 7 famílias botânicas. As estimativas de biomassa alcançaram valores médios de 81 m3.ha-1 de volume de madeira, 62,8 Mg B.ha-1, 35,2 Mg C.ha-1 e 129,1 Mg CO2.ha-1. Os povoamentos monodominados por aroeira em Tumiritinga foram caracterizados de acordo com a resolução CONAMA 392 e com a análise de cobertura de copa como em estágio médio de regeneração. A aroeira encontra-se em monodominância na região do médio Rio Doce e se faz necessária a realização de estudos visando ao manejo sustentável destas florestas.
Caracterização florística e estrutural de fragmentos de Matas de Galeria da Bacia do Alto Araguaia
Authors: Cabacinha Christian Dias , Fontes Marco Aurélio Leite
Published: July 2014

http://dx.doi.org/10.5902/1980509814575As florestas da bacia do alto Araguaia estão diariamente expostas a vários agentes de degradação devido à intensa prática de agricultura nessa região. Vinte e dois fragmentos (de 10 a 169 ha) foram inventariados pelo método de quadrantes centrados, com o objetivo de caracterizar a estrutura da vegetação e criar um banco de dados de informações voltado para programas de restauração florestal na região. Foram amostradas 109 espécies pertencentes a 78 gêneros e 42 famílias. Dessas, 73,4% apresentaram padrão de dispersão zoocórica e 69,7% foram classificadas como de estádios iniciais de sucessão (53,2% secundárias iniciais e 16,5% pioneiras). O índice de Shannon foi 3,86 nats.ind-1 e o de equabilidade de Pielou foi 0,82. As estimativas da densidade e área basal, considerando todos os fragmentos, foram de 1.351 árvores.ha-1 e 19,28 m2.ha-1, respectivamente. As áreas apresentaram uma menor riqueza (quando comparadas a matas de galerias mais conservadas), heterogeneidade nos índices de diversidade e equabilidade, tamanho reduzido das árvores e consequente baixa área basal, elevado número de espécies características de estádios intermediários de sucessão ecológica e colonização de espécies de cerrado e cerradão em áreas mais antropizadas, alterando a paisagem original. Tal situação, somada à importância dessas áreas para a conservação da biodiversidade e de serviços ecológicos (principalmente relativos à água), exige ações de proteção e manejo conservacionista que aproveitem o grande potencial regenerativo da área, dado pela existência de um grande número de espécies secundárias iniciais e predomínio das espécies zoocóricas.
Componente arbustivo-arbóreo de matas ciliares em restauração e remanescentes naturais inseridos em matriz silvícola, Rio Negrinho, SC
Authors: Scariot Eliziane Carla , Tres Deisy Regina , Reis Ademir
Published: July 2014

http://dx.doi.org/10.5902/1980509814578O objetivo do presente estudo foi analisar o componente arbustivo-arbóreo de áreas ciliares em restauração e de remanecentes naturais em uma matriz silvícola, pela identificação da riqueza, diversidade, características autoecológicas dos indivíduos amostrados e pela estimativa da similaridade floristica. O estudo foi realizado em uma fazenda produtora de madeira de Pinus spp., Santa Alice, localizada no município de Rio Negrinho, Santa Catarina. Para o levantamento do componente arbustivo-arbóreo aplicou-se o método de pontos quadrantes, em quatro grupos amostrais: CA (Corredores ciliares de floresta nativa em estágio avançado), CR (Corredores ciliares em restauração), MA (Manchas de floresta nativa em estágio avançado), MI (Manchas de floresta nativa em estágio intermediário). Em MA e CR foram encontrados os indíces de diversidade mais elevados (4,04 e 2,81, respectivamente) e maior número de espécies. Considerando o número de indivíduos, as síndromes de dispersão e polinização, predominantes, em todos os grupos amostrais, foram zoocoria e zoofilia. O maior percentual de similaridade florística foi em CR e CA. Os demais grupos amostrais, MA e MI, não formaram agrupamentos. O grupo amostral CR apresentou composição, riqueza e diversidade floristica semelhante aos corredores ciliares mais antigos e conservados (CA) da Fazenda, indicando que essas áreas ciliares em restauração apresentam condições de recompor os componentes e as interações de uma comunidade ecológica.
Crescimento de mudas de Parkia gigantocarpa Ducke, em um sistema de enriquecimento em clareiras após a colheita de madeira
Authors: Reis Leonardo Pequeno , Carvalho João Olegário Pereira de , Reis Pamella Carolline Marques dos , Gomes Jaqueline Macêdo , Ruschel Ademir Roberto , Silva Marcela Gomes da
Published: July 2014

http://dx.doi.org/10.5902/1980509814583Avaliou-se o incremento periódico anual (IPA) em altura, considerando quatro períodos (2005 a 2006, 2006 a 2008, 2008 a 2010 e 2005 a 2010) ao longo de cinco anos, de mudas de Parkia gigantocarpa Ducke plantadas em clareiras, causadas pela exploração florestal, no Município de Paragominas, estado do Pará (3º30’S e 48º45’W). Foram considerados três tamanhos de clareiras: I- clareira pequena (200 a 400 m²), II- clareira média (401 a 600 m²) e III- clareira grande (> 600 m²). No período de 2005 a 2010, considerando todos os tamanhos de clareiras, Parkia gigantocarpa apresentou um incremento periódico em altura, de 96,7 cm ano-1. Nas clareiras grandes, no período de 2008 a 2010, o incremento foi de 137,9 cm ano-1 diferenciando em 5% de probabilidade das clareiras pequenas, onde o incremento foi de 64,2 cm ano-1. Também nas clareiras grandes, nesse mesmo período, não houve mortalidade de mudas, enquanto que nas clareiras pequenas e médias a mortalidade foi de 16,1% e 9,7% ano-1, respectivamente. Os resultados indicam que a espécie pode ser utilizada em plantios de enriquecimento em clareiras causadas pela exploração florestal.
Procedimentos de controle do volume de madeira estimado e colhido em um plantio de Pinus spp. no Paraná
Authors: Vatraz Silvane , Borges Fabricio Quadros
Published: July 2014

http://dx.doi.org/10.5902/1980509814585O objetivo desta investigação foi aperfeiçoar os procedimentos operacionais de controle entre o volume de madeira estimado pelo inventário florestal e o volume efetivamente colhido, de modo a reduzir as inconsistências no planejamento florestal praticado em um empreendimento florestal com plantio de Pinus spp. no Paraná. Nesse sentido, foram utilizadas as ferramentas de qualidade: Brainstorming e o Ciclo PDCA, através de uma investigação de caráter exploratório junto ao empreendimento estudado. O estudo apresentou uma inconsistência volumétrica inicial de – 24,73% entre o volume estimado pelo inventário e o efetivamente colhido. Esta inconsistência foi composta de falhas operacionais nas atividades de Inventário Florestal (+13,84%), Colheita Florestal (+15,62%) e de Expedição de Madeira (-3,08%). As aplicações das ferramentas de qualidade auxiliaram na identificação da inconsistência, assim como na revelação de falhas operacionais, o que sugeriu algumas rotinas de acompanhamento e de checagem de cada uma das atividades envolvidas no gerenciamento operacional florestal.
MANAGEMENT OF Amburana cearensis var. acreana IN ACRE STATE, BRAZIL
Authors: Braz Evaldo Muñoz , Thaines Fabio , Mattos Patrícia Povoa de , Oliveira Luis Cláudio , Ribas Luciano Arruda , D’Oliveira Marcus Vinicio Neves , Thaines Andréia Aparecida Ribeiro
Published: July 2014

http://dx.doi.org/10.5902/1980509814586This work has as its objectives: a) to assess the geographical distribution and population structure of Amburana cearensis var. acreana; b) to calculate sustainable cutting rates, according to stipulated cutting cycles, and c) to simulate the projected recovery potential in volume based on the calculated cutting rate. It was used data from sustainable forest management plans, and the results will contribute for future decisions about its endangered condition. The results did not corroborate the information that Amburana cearensis var. acreana is endangered in Acre state. However the management sustainability will only be feasible if considered the ideal remaining population structure and the estimative of the optimal cutting rate according to the cutting cycle.
Maternalisme, conflit de classes et les débuts de l’heure avancée à Trois-Rivières, de 1918 à 19371
Authors: Rudy Jarrett , Laziteau Cécile
Published: July 2014

Ce texte étudie les débuts de l’heure avancée à Trois-Rivières. Après avoir retracé les origines de l’heure avancée en Angleterre et sa mise en oeuvre initiale au Canada pendant la Première Guerre mondiale, cet article se concentre sur les deux référendums sur l’heure avancée tenus à Trois-Rivières (en 1922 et en 1937). Cette mesure, rejetée par une importante majorité lors du premier référendum, a bénéficié de l’appui de la majorité au cours du deuxième référendum, mettant essentiellement fin au débat public sur la question. Cet article, qui analyse à l’échelle locale un phénomène international, explore les enjeux constitutionnels, culturels et sociaux ainsi que les idéologies qui ont posé le cadre des débats entourant la normalisation du temps. Nous affirmons que les débuts de l’heure avancée à Trois-Rivières ont été marqués par le fédéralisme canadien, le pouvoir des employeurs, le maternalisme de l’Église catholique, l’émergence d’une culture de masse et, à un moindre degré, les croyances que cette mesure venait défier l’autorité divine.
Development of Romantic Relationships in Adolescence and Emerging Adulthood: Implications for Community Mental Health
Authors: Connolly Jennifer , McIsaac Caroline , Shulman Shmuel , Wincentak Katherine , Joly Lauren , Heifetz Marina , Bravo Valeriya
Published: July 2014

Romantic relationships emerge in the early adolescent years and mature over the course of adolescence from initial cross-gender affiliations to dyadic partnerships. Adolescents’ romantic relationships are important because they contribute to relational development and foretell the quality of intimate relationships in adulthood. This paper summarizes current research findings on the development of romantic relationships, focusing first on the normative stages of mainstream youth and subsequently on atypical patterns of troubled youth. Peer and family influences on romantic development are considered as well as ethnocultural variation. The paper concludes with several policy implications for community mental health.
“Drinking in the Dark” (DID): A Simple Mouse Model of Binge‐Like Alcohol Intake
Authors: Thiele Todd E. , Crabbe John C. , Boehm Stephen L.
Published: July 2014

One of the greatest challenges that scientists face when studying the neurobiology and/or genetics of alcohol (ethanol) consumption is that most preclinical animal models do not voluntarily consume enough ethanol to achieve pharmacologically meaningful blood ethanol concentrations (BECs). Recent rodent models have been developed that promote binge‐like levels of ethanol consumption associated with high BECs (i.e., ≥100 mg/dl). This unit describes procedures for an animal model of binge‐like ethanol drinking which has come to be called “drinking in the dark” (DID). The “basic” variation of DID involves replacing the water bottle with a bottle containing 20% ethanol for 2 to 4 hr, beginning 3 hr into the dark cycle, on cages of singly‐housed C57BL/6J mice. Using this procedure, mice typically consume enough ethanol to achieve BECs >100 mg/dl and to exhibit behavioral evidence of intoxication. An alternative two‐bottle (ethanol and water) procedure is also described. Curr. Protoc. Neurosci. 68:9.49.1‐9.49.12. © 2014 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Isolation of Single‐Stranded DNA
Authors: Wakimoto Yuji , Jiang Jianming , Wakimoto Hiroko
Published: July 2014

Single‐stranded DNA (ssDNA) is often used for DNA sequencing as well as microarray and hybridization technologies. Asymmetric PCR or exonuclease digestion followed by urea gel separation and isolation on streptavidin‐coated magnetic beads are commonly used for this purpose. These two methods may not yield large amounts of highly purified ssDNA. This protocol for ssDNA isolation from PCR‐amplified DNA involves biotin labeling of one strand and subsequent strand separation utilizing streptavidin‐coated magnetic beads. Curr. Protoc. Mol. Biol. 107:2.15.1‐2.15.9. © 2014 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.