bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
VALIDATION OF LOSS-COEFFICIENT-BASED OUTLET BOUNDARY CONDITIONS FOR SIMULATING AORTIC FLOW
Authors: BENIM ALI CEMAL , GÜL FETHI , ASSMANN ALEXANDER , AKHYARI PAYAM , LICHTENBERG ARTUR , JOOS FRANZ
Published: April 2015

Flow in a polyurethane model of a human aorta, driven by a heart-lung machine, is analyzed experimentally and computationally for antegrade and retrograde perfusion. The purpose of the analysis is the validation of the previously proposed loss-coefficient-based outlet boundary condition for aortic branches. This model is claimed to be commonly applicable to different perfusion modes of the aorta, unlike the alternative straightforward constant-pressure outlet boundary condition. First, the antegrade perfusion is analyzed computationally and experimentally. This step delivers the loss-coefficients that are to be used in any other perfusion mode of the aorta. Subsequently, a retrograde perfusion is applied to the same aorta, where the flow rates at the outlets of the aortic branches are measured and predicted by applying the loss-coefficient-based outlet boundary conditions. A very good agreement of the predictions with the measurements is observed. The predictions delivered by the standard constant-pressure outlet boundary condition are observed, on the contrary, to be highly in error. Thus, the advocated loss-coefficient-based outlet boundary condition is experimentally validated. It is shown that it is applicable to different perfusion modes with a quite good accuracy, which is much higher compared to the straightforward constant-pressure outlet boundary condition.
Dynamics of an infection model with two delays
Authors: Sun Xinguo , Wei Junjie
Published: April 2015

In this paper, a HTLV-I infection model with two delays is considered. It is found that the dynamics of this model are determined by two threshold parameters R0 and R1, basic reproduction numbers for viral infection and for CTL response, respectively. If R0 < 1, the infection-free equilibrium P0 is globally asymptotically stable. If R1 < 1 < R0, the asymptomatic-carrier equilibrium P1 is globally asymptotically stable. If R1 > 1, there exists a unique HAM/TSP equilibrium P2. The stability of P2 is changed when the second delay τ2 varies, that is there exist stability switches for P2.
Export Destination and Export Market Penetration of the People's Republic of China—Past and Future
Authors: Mao Rui , Zhang Bin
Published: April 2015

Growth in the aggregate market penetration rate (MPR) of the People's Republic of China (PRC) slowed during the period 2002–2014. Closer examination of the destinations and product levels reveals a simultaneous weakening in various markets. Production and trade costs were found to be the main determinants of these changes, while productivity growth and real exchange rate appreciation had either insignificant or limited effects. Predicting trends until 2016, we expect the MPR in almost all destinations and product markets to increase in the optimistic case. However, in a more realistic case, the MPR will likely plateau or fall in most markets. To stabilize exports, the PRC must actively facilitate structural transition in destinations and products. Meanwhile, macro policies to boost domestic demand are also urgently needed to maintain the country's high economic growth.
Ur-writings: A Geophonographic Fiction
Authors: Schrimshaw Will
Published: April 2015

Geophonography is a practice of sonifying the geological record, of tracing what Friedrich Kittler referred to as “signatures of the real.” The aesthetic efficacy of techniques for audifying and visualizing data derived from geological materials is discussed within the context of Ur-writings, a piece by the author first exhibited in 2013. Tracing a line through the work of Freud, Adorno, Kittler, Ballard and Derrida, geophonography is positioned within a cultural context that has continued to draw inspiration from speculations upon the relation between earth and mind.
Aliocis, a replacement name for the preoccupied ciid genus Anoplocis Kawanabe, 1996 (Coleoptera: Tenebrionoidea: Ciidae)
Authors: SANDOVAL-GÓMEZ VIVIAN ELIANA , LOPES-ANDRADE CRISTIANO
Published: April 2015

The Ciidae genus Anoplocis was established by Makoto Kawanabe (1996) based on the type species Ennearthron poriae Nakane & Nobuki, 1955 from Japan. Additionally, he described the Japanese species Anoplocis ryukyuensis Kawanabe, 1996. However, the name Anoplocis was previously proposed by Arthur M. Lea (1913) for a genus of true weevils (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), with its type species Anoplocis ferrugineus Lea, 1913 from Australia. In consequence, the genus Anoplocis Kawanabe, 1996 is a junior homonym of the genus Anoplocis Lea, 1913. According to Article 60 of the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature, we propose the replacement name Aliocis nom. nov. for Anoplocis Kawanabe, 1996. New combinations are here proposed for the two species included in this genus: Aliocis poriae (Nakane & Nobuki, 1955) comb. nov. and Aliocis ryukyuensis (Kawanabe, 1996) comb. nov.
New and little known species of oribatid mites of the subgenus Galumna (Galumna) (Acari, Oribatida, Galumnidae) from Vietnam
Authors: ERMILOV SERGEY G.
Published: April 2015

Two new species of oribatid mites of the subgenus Galumna (Galumna) (Acari, Oribatida, Galumnidae) are described from soil and litter of forest zones of southern Vietnam. Galumna (G.) paramastigophora sp. nov. differs from known species of calcicola-group by the morphology of bothridial setae and length of interlamellar setae; also, the new species is similar morphologically to Leptogalumna (Aegyptogalumna) mastigophora, however, it differs from the latter by the presence of lamellar lines, morphology of interlamellar setae and absence of notogastral setae. Galumna (G.) pseudotriquetra sp. nov. is similar morphologically to Galumna (G.) triquetra, however, it differs from the latter by the length of lamellar setae, number of postanal porose areas and morphology of notogastral porose areas Aa. Supplementary description of Galumna (G.) aba and remarks to the original description of Galumna (G.) levisensilla are presented.
Interdecadal Baroclinic Sea Level Changes in the North Pacific Based on Historical Ocean Hydrographic Observations
Authors: Suzuki Tatsuo , Ishii Masayoshi
Published: April 2015

Using historical ocean hydrographic observations, decadal to multidecadal sea level changes from 1951 to 2007 in the North Pacific were investigated focusing on vertical density structures. Hydrographically, the sea level changes could reflect the following: changes in the depth of the main pycnocline, density gradient changes across the pycnocline, and modification of the water mass density structure within the pycnocline. The first two processes are characterized as the first baroclinic mode. The changes in density stratification across the pycnocline are sufficiently small to maintain the vertical profile of the first baroclinic mode in this analysis period. Therefore, the first mode should represent mainly the dynamical response to the wind stress forcing. Meanwhile, changes in the composite of all modes of order greater than 1 (remaining baroclinic mode) can be attributed to water mass modifications above the pycnocline. The first baroclinic mode is associated with 40–60-yr fluctuations in the subtropical gyre and bidecadal fluctuations of the Kuroshio Extension (KE) in response to basin-scale wind stress changes. In addition to this, the remaining baroclinic mode exhibits strong variability around the recirculation region south of the KE and regions downstream of the KE, accompanied by 40–60-yr and bidecadal fluctuations, respectively. These fluctuations follow spinup/spindown of the subtropical gyre and meridional shifts of the KE shown in the first mode, respectively. A lag correlation analysis suggests that interdecadal sea level changes due to water mass density changes are a secondary consequence of changes in basin-scale wind stress forcing related to the ocean circulation changes associated with the first mode.
Convective Momentum Transport Associated with the Madden–Julian Oscillation Based on a Reanalysis Dataset
Authors: Oh Ji-Hyun , Jiang Xianan , Waliser Duane E. , Moncrieff Mitchell W. , Johnson Richard H.
Published: April 2015

A better understanding of multiscale interactions within the Madden–Julian oscillation (MJO), including momentum exchanges, is critical for improved MJO prediction skill. In this study, convective momentum transport (CMT) associated with the MJO is analyzed based on the NOAA Climate Forecast System Reanalysis (CFSR). A three-layer vertical structure associated with the MJO, as previously suggested in the mesoscale momentum tendency profile based on global cloud-resolving model simulations, is evident in the subgrid-scale momentum tendency from the CFSR. Positive (negative) subgrid-scale momentum tendency anomalies are found near the surface, negative (positive) anomalies are found in the low to midtroposphere, and positive (negative) anomalies in the upper troposphere are found within and to the west (east) of the MJO convection. This tends to damp the MJO circulation in the free atmosphere, while enhancing MJO winds near the surface. In addition, it could also reduce the MJO eastward propagation speed and lead to the backward tilt with height in the observed MJO structure through a secondary circulation near the MJO center. Further analyses illustrate that this three-layer vertical structure in subgrid-scale momentum tendency largely balances the grid-scale momentum transport of the zonal wind component u, mainly through the transport of seasonal mean u by the MJO-scale vertical motion. Synoptic-scale systems, which were previously proposed to be essential for the u-momentum transport of the MJO, however, are found to play a minor role for the total grid-scale momentum tendency. The above momentum tendency structure is also confirmed with the ECMWF analysis for the Year of Tropical Convection (YOTC) that lends confidence to these above results based on the CFSR.
Theoretical Investigation of the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation
Authors: Sévellec Florian , Huck Thierry
Published: April 2015

A weakly damped mode of variability, corresponding to the oceanic signature of the Atlantic multidecadal oscillation (AMO) was found through the linear stability analysis of a realistic ocean general circulation model. A simple two-level model was proposed to rationalize both its period and damping rate. This model is extended here to three levels to investigate how the mode can draw energy from the mean flow, as found in various ocean and coupled models. A linear stability analysis in this three-level model shows that the positive growth rate of the oscillatory mode depends on the zonally averaged isopycnal slope. This mode corresponds to a westward propagation of density anomalies in the pycnocline, typical of large-scale baroclinic Rossby waves. The most unstable mode corresponds to the largest scale one (at least for low isopycnal slope). The mode can be described in four phases composing a full oscillation cycle: 1) basin-scale warming of the North Atlantic (AMO positive phase), 2) decrease in upper-ocean poleward transport [hence a reduction of the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (AMOC)], 3) basin-scale cooling (negative AMO), and 4) AMOC intensification. A criterion is developed to test, in oceanic datasets or numerical models, whether this multidecadal oscillation is an unstable oceanic internal mode of variability or if it is stable and externally forced. Consistent with the classical theory of baroclinic instability, this criterion depends on the vertical structure of the mode. If the upper pycnocline signature is in advance of the deeper pycnocline signature with respect to the westward propagation, the mode is unstable and could be described as an oceanic internal mode of variability.
Issue Entrepreneurship and Multiparty Competition
Authors: Hobolt Sara B. , de Vries Catherine E.
Published: April 2015

How do issues enter the political arena and come to affect party competition? This study extends the literature on issue evolution from the U.S. context to multiparty systems. While traditional models assume opposition parties to be the agents of issue evolution, this study argues that within multiparty competition not all parties in opposition have an incentive to change the issue basis of political competition. The central propositions of our issue entrepreneurship model are twofold: First, political parties are more likely to become issue entrepreneurs when they are losers on the dominant dimension of contestation. We focus on three components of political loss in multiparty systems relating to the office-seeking, voting-seeking, and policy-seeking objectives of parties. Second, parties will choose which issue to promote on the basis of their internal cohesion and proximity to the mean voter on that same issue. We test these propositions by examining the evolution of the issue of European integration in 14 European party systems from 1984 to 2006. The time-series cross-sectional analyses lend strong support to our model.
How Economic Integration Affects Party Issue Emphases
Authors: Ward Dalston , Kim Jeong Hyun , Graham Matthew , Tavits Margit
Published: April 2015

The economic dimension has typically been considered the primary dimension of political party competition. However, parties often rally voters on the basis of non-economic issues. In this article, we argue that integration into global markets and into the European Union (EU) constrains parties’ abilities to credibly differentiate themselves on economic issues. Given these constraints, and voters’ awareness of them, parties activate other non-economic issues along which to compete. Using data across 49 countries between 1961 and 2010, this study shows that increased economic integration is associated with increased emphasis on non-economic issues during election campaigns. This effect persists over time and remains robust to a number of alternative explanations and modeling strategies. We also explore the proposed causal mechanisms and show that integration is indeed associated with convergence of party positions on economic issues and that all types of parties—not just new and niche parties—respond to integration by politicizing non-economic issues. Finally, we leverage the latest round of EU enlargement to causally identify the effect of integration on party strategies.
Explaining Organizational Paths through the Concept of Hegemony: Evidence from the Italian Car Industry
Authors: Maielli Giuliano
Published: April 2015

By analysing the Fiat case, we contextualize path-dependence processes within the relations of production and propose a neo-Gramscian interpretation of the agency-structure interplay within path-dependent phenomena based on the distinction between structural hegemony and hegemonic projects. Building upon recent developments in understanding institutional complexity, we treat agency as embedded within, yet separated from, self-reinforcements that are generated by multiple competing logics. The aim is to deepen our understanding of the relationship between collective agency and the emergence of meta-routines in the pre-formation phase of the path-dependence process, and their interaction with self-reinforcements in the formation and lock-in phases.
Free Labour, Social Media, Management: Challenging Marxist Organization Studies
Authors: Beverungen Armin , Böhm Steffen , Land Chris
Published: April 2015

In this paper we explore how so-called ‘social media’ such as Facebook challenge Marxist organization studies. We argue that understanding the role of user activity in web 2.0 business models requires a focus on ‘work’, understood as value productive activity, that takes place beyond waged labour in the firm. A reading of Marx on the socialization of labour highlights the emerging figure of ‘free labour’, which is both unpaid and uncoerced. Marxist work on the production of the ‘audience commodity’ provides one avenue for understanding the production of content and data by users as free labour, but this raises questions concerning the distinction between productive and unproductive labour, which is central to Marx’s labour theory of value. The Marxist literature on ‘the becoming rent of profit’ allows for a partial understanding of how the value produced by free labour is captured, thereby developing the understanding of the economic dimension of ‘free labour’ as unpaid. It overstates, however, the ‘uncontrolled’ side of free labour, and neglects the ways in which this work is managed so as to ensure that it is productive. We therefore call for a return to Marxist labour process analysis, albeit with an expanded focus on labour and a revised understanding of control associated with digital protocols. On this basis, a Marxist organization studies can contribute to an understanding of the political economy of digital capitalism.
Gay Gifted Adolescent Suicide and Suicidal Ideation Literature
Authors: Sedillo P. J.
Published: April 2015

Little empirical research has been conducted regarding suicide and suicidal ideation about gay gifted adolescents, so most of what is presented in the literature is based on theories and assumptions. One key assumption was that the psychological challenges of gay gifted youth stemming from sexual identity and giftedness contribute to suicidal ideation and that educators need to become more aware of this issue. Specific challenges of gay gifted youth in the literature included hypersensitivity and perfectionism, as well as depression and isolation. Countering these challenges was the theme of resiliency, which gifted youth develop using abstract reasoning, while nongifted youth favor concrete reasoning. Difficulties in identifying this unique population reduce the ability of psychotherapists, researchers, and counselors to study suicide within this group. The limited amount of peer-reviewed literature and other published material regarding suicide and suicidal ideation for gay gifted youth underscores the need for further research on this topic.
Designing Differentiated Mathematics Games
Authors: Trinter Christine P. , Brighton Catherine M. , Moon Tonya R.
Published: April 2015

Primary grade students enter the mathematics classroom with a range of differences including students’ mathematical readiness, mathematical conceptions, interests, and learning profiles. Addressing the learning needs of students is not a trivial task, but accounting for these needs is essential for supporting students as they continually work toward their potential. The philosophy of differentiated instruction provides a framework for addressing the diversity of students’ needs. One unique way of differentiating instruction is by incorporating differentiated educational games into the mathematics curriculum. Although the education market contains scores of mathematics games, few incorporate substantive elements of differentiation. This article presents a guide for modifying a traditional game into a differentiated mathematical game that can be used in primary classrooms. The game design and implementation described in this article were used in a research study, Project Parallax (principal investigators Catherine Brighton and Tonya Moon). During this study, teachers used curriculum (developed by Project Parallax) as a vehicle for identifying mathematical promise in heterogeneous primary classrooms, and differentiated mathematical games were developed as part of the curriculum.
Helen Chadwick’s ‘Composite Images’
Authors: Walker Stephen
Published: April 2015

This article traces the considerations of British artist Helen Chadwick (1953–1996) regarding ‘composite images’ and the potential liberation they opened up in the gap between image and form, surface and spectator. These will be discussed as the author follows two apparently contrasting trajectories of her thought; while her considerations of the image, and her own image-making, tend increasingly towards ‘pure surface’, her ambitions for spectatorial positioning and agency increase. In parallel, while the epistemological underpinnings of her thinking become increasingly complex and dynamic, the role of (self)portraiture in her work moves away from the portrayal of her own, and later the recognisably human, body. These trajectories can be mapped (roughly) onto particular projects, beginning with Ego Geometria Sum (1982–1984), developing through Of Mutability (1984–1986) where she first used the photocopier to produce ‘automatic images’ and into her light-based installations, such as Blood Hyphen (1988).
The Album of Images According to André Malraux
Authors: Didi-Huberman Georges
Published: April 2015

Georges Didi-Huberman argues that with the Museum Without Walls, André Malraux invented a new type of art book based on the concept of the family album. Here, the family – with its resemblances, dissemblances, portraits in beauty and monstrosity – is Malraux’s attempt to encompass art from the world over. If he was largely successful in this endeavor, it was not only because Malraux had a broad vision honed in the heyday of collage and montage, but also because he knew how to assemble a peerless team of technicians to help him realize the vast project. Despite their extremely divergent idioms, the explorations of Walter Benjamin and André Malraux met at several surprising points: Didi-Huberman identifies yet another of these affinities by showing the parallels between the Museum Without Walls project writ large and the general theory of the creator in Benjamin’s ‘author as producer’.
Aorta-to-Left Atrial Fistula Developing After Surgical Removal of an Atrial Septal Occlusion Device Eight Years After Original Implantation
Authors: Beg Kisha , Latson Larry A. , Pettersson Gosta , Wallace Lee , Qureshi Athar M.
Published: April 2015

Cardiac erosions may occur in a small percentage of patients after device closure of atrial septal defects. These devices have to be explanted. We report an aorta-to-left atrial fistula after surgical explantation of the device eight years after implant for access to mitral valve repair. The importance of realizing the risk of subclinical cardiac erosion and subsequent fistula development after device removal is discussed.
Left Coronary Artery Stenosis Causing Left Ventricular Dysfunction In Two Children With Supravalvular Aortic Stenosis
Authors: Yildiz Okan , Altin Firat H. , Kaya Mehmet , Ozyılmaz Isa , Guzeltas Alper , Erek Ersin
Published: April 2015

Congenital supravalvar aortic stenosis (SVAS) is an arteriopathy associated with Williams-Beuren syndrome (WBS) and other isolated elastin gene deletions. Cardiovascular manifestations associated with WBS are characterized by obstructive arterial lesions such as SVAS and pulmonary artery stenosis in addition to bicuspid aortic valve and mitral valve prolapse. However, coronary artery ostial stenosis may be associated with SVAS, and it increases the risk of sudden death and may complicate surgical management. In this report, we present our experience with two patients having SVAS and left coronary artery ostial stenosis with associated left ventricular dysfunction.
The Role of Home Monitoring in Interstage Management of Infants Following the Norwood Procedure
Authors: Ugonabo Nkem , Hirsch-Romano Jennifer C. , Uzark Karen
Published: April 2015

Although outcomes for infants with complex single ventricle heart defects have steadily improved in recent decades, there is still a significant risk for mortality and morbidity during the interstage period between stage 1 Norwood hospitalization discharge and stage 2 palliation. Home monitoring programs, which involve parental surveillance of daily weight and oxygen saturations during the interstage period, have been shown to significantly improve survival rates. This article describes the potential risk factors or causes of interstage mortality and reviews the role of home monitoring in early detection and potential prevention of adverse outcomes.
Doppler-Derived Flow Pattern in the Descending Aorta Does Not Predict Systemic to Pulmonary Arterial Collateral Flow in Patients With Single Ventricle Palliation
Authors: Di Maria Michael V. , Cohen Meryl S. , Harris Matthew A. , Fogel Mark A. , Whitehead Kevin K.
Published: April 2015

Background:

Children with single ventricle heart disease are at risk for developing systemic to pulmonary arterial collateral vessels that adversely impact short-term outcomes, although the effect on long-term outcomes remains unclear. Collateral flow (CollF) can be quantified using cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) flow quantification. The velocity–time integral (VTI), obtained from spectral Doppler tracings, has been used in “runoff” lesions like aortic regurgitation to quantify insufficiency. We hypothesized that the VTI ratio of the proximal descending aorta (DAo) after cavopulmonary anastomosis (CPA) would estimate CollF.

Methods:

A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted. Patients who had a superior CPA or total CPA and underwent CMR between April 2008 and December 2012 were included. Those with greater than trivial semilunar valve insufficiency or aortic arch obstruction were excluded. In a subset (n = 88), spectral Doppler tracings of the DAo were analyzed to determine the VTI ratio. In another subset (n = 112), CMR was used to determine the ratio of retrograde to antegrade flow in the DAo.

Results:

There was no linear correlation between VTI ratio and CollF ( r2 = .006, P = .46). There was a weakly positive correlation with CollF ( r2 = .07, P = .007) and the CMR measured ratio of retrograde to antegrade flow. Holodiastolic flow reversal by echo did not predict higher CollF ( P = .40), but those with holodiastolic flow reversal by CMR had significantly higher CollF ( P = .04).

Conclusions:

The ratio of reverse to forward flow in the DAo as determined by Doppler echo does not accurately reflect CollF in children with single ventricle after CPA.
Postpartum Pulmonary Embolism in a Patient With Fontan Circulation
Authors: Pinto Candida , Vettukattil Joseph J. , Haw Marcus P.
Published: April 2015

Pregnancy is typically not recommended in patients with Fontan circulation. Although patients are well aware of the risks for the mother and fetus, an increasing number opt to become pregnant. The higher rate of survival into adulthood post-Fontan procedure is a likely factor as a result of improved management of single ventricle anatomy. Postpartum thromboembolism is a known complication, but its prevalence and management are not clearly defined. We present a case of massive pulmonary embolism two weeks postpartum in a patient with double inlet left ventricle palliated with lateral tunnel Fontan.
Personal Glimpses Into the Evolution of Truncus Arteriosus Repair
Authors: Mavroudis Constantine , Jonas Richard A. , Bove Edward L.
Published: April 2015

Truncus arteriosus (common arterial trunk) is an uncommon but complex congenital heart anomaly. Until the early 1970s, typically, patients died between the age of a few weeks to six months. Congestive heart failure owing to large pulmonary blood flow and truncal valve regurgitation was the major cause of death until innovative surgical techniques were discovered. In 1963, Herbert Sloan at the University of Michigan completed the first repair using a nonvalved conduit with long-term survival (not reported until 1974). At the Mayo Clinic, Rastelli and McGoon studied and completed the first repair with a valved homograft in 1967. In 1976, Ebert used the 12-mm Hancock valved conduit in infants under six months of age (University of California, San Francisco). In Boston (mid-1980s), Jonas and Castañeda used aortic homografts, which greatly reduced bleeding as a postoperative complication. In the early 1990s, Bove (University of Michigan) reported outstanding results with an approach based on primary repair within the first few days of life for patients with truncus arteriosus. Improved prognosis for patients with truncus arteriosus resulted from these corrective operations by analyzing the natural history of this condition while applying innovative ideas, improved technology, and perioperative care.
Does Tenure Status Affect the Adoption of Land Productivity Enhancing Practices and Input Intensities? Evidence from Assam Plains in India’s Northeast
Authors: Goswami Binoy
Published: April 2015

Using farm level data from Assam plains in Northeast India, the present article examines the question whether tenancy and its various forms influence input intensities in crop production and adoption of land productivity enhancing practices by the farmers. It has been found that the sharecroppers do not make intensive use of land and undersupply labour input. An unanticipated finding which has not been reported in the existing literature in this context is that the fixed rent tenants use chemical fertilizers more intensively compared to even the owner-operators. Excessive application of fertilizers by the fixed rent tenants which has adverse environmental consequences and the Marshallian inefficiency that ensnares the sharecroppers can both be ascribed to some restrictive provisions in the existing tenancy law of the state. Reforms of tenancy regulations for incentivising efficient utilisation of agricultural land have been suggested.
Community Based Natural Resource Management (CBNRM) and Sustainable Development in Namibia
Authors: Mufune Pempelani
Published: April 2015

Integrated Conservation and Development Projects (ICDPs) have been an important attempt to answer the problems associated with game reserves and wildlife conservation in rural Africa. ICDPs promise local community participation in natural resource management and biodiversity preservation on one hand and reduction of rural poverty on the other. This article looks at the literature on Community Based Natural Resource Management (CBNRM) in Namibia. It looks at how CBNRM has been conceived as a way to deal with problems of poverty biodiversity preservation and more importantly as a driver of rural development. It notes the various criticisms levelled at ICDP inspired programmes such as CBNRM and how Namibia has dealt with them. More specifically it asks the following questions: How has CBNRM operated and fared? What problems have CBNRM faced? To what extent has the formation of conservancies enabled rural communities to gain a voice and decision-making power, diversify their income; and create adequate institutions, skills and capacity for themselves? The aim of this article is to see to what extent some of these criticisms of ICDP hold for Namibia’s CBNRM and conservancies in particular. This article is largely conceptual in nature as it examines research material and literature that relates the operation of conservancies in Namibia.
A New Socio–economic Index for Modelling Land Use and Land Cover Change
Authors: Palchoudhuri Yajnaseni , Roy Partha Sarathi , Srivastava Vijay K.
Published: April 2015

Human society has been utilising the natural resources from the dawn of its civilisation in varying intensity to improve their living standard. Over the course of time, the extraction of the amenities required for such developmental purpose, affects the resource use pattern and access. This has resulted in a change in the existing land use practices in the region. Thus, socio-economic setting of any region and the land use are interlinked and affect each other. This article presents a new socio-economic index (SEI) to quantify the socio-economic status of any river basin. UNDP’s Human Development Index of 1990 has been used and modified to compute the index, in which various aspects of human life are considered and collected from National Survey Samples to reflect on the basin’s land use scenario. Results of the analysis are presented on Narmada River basin as a case study.
Clinical and pharmacodynamic analysis of pomalidomide dosing strategies in myeloma: impact of immune activation and cereblon targets
Authors: Sehgal Kartik , Das Rituparna , Zhang Lin , Verma Rakesh , Deng Yanhong , Kocoglu Mehmet , Vasquez Juan , Koduru Srinivas , Ren Yan , Wang Maria , Couto Suzana , Breider Mike , Hansel Donna , Seropian Stuart , Cooper Dennis , Thakurta Anjan , Yao Xiaopan , Dhodapkar Kavita M. , Dhodapkar Madhav V.
Published: April 2015

Key Points

Pomalidomide leads to rapid immune activation in vivo correlating with clinical outcome in relapsed myeloma. Baseline expression of ikaros/aiolos protein in tumor cells is not predictive of outcome.
The influence of process parameters and pulse ratio of precursors on the characteristics of La1 − x
Al
x
O3 films deposited by atomic layer deposition
Authors: Fei Chenxi , Liu Hongxia , Wang Xing , Fan Xiaojiao
Published: April 2015

The influence of processing parameters of aluminum oxide (Al2O3) and lanthanum oxide (La2O3) gate dielectric is investigated. Trimethylaluminum (TMA) and tris(isopropylcyclopentadienyl) lanthanum [La(iPrCp)3] were used as precursors separately, and H2O was used as oxidant. The ultra-thin La1 − x
Al
x
O3 gate dielectric films are deposited on p-type silicon substrates by atom layer deposition (ALD) for different pulse ratios of precursors. Effects of different La/Al precursor pulse ratios on the physical properties and electrical characteristics of La1 − x
Al
x
O3 films are studied. The preliminary testing results indicate that the increase of La precursor pulse can improve the characteristics of film, which has significant effects on the dielectric constant, equivalent oxide thickness (EOT), electrical properties, and stability of film.
Perceived barriers to the management of foot health in patients with rheumatic conditions
Authors: Lansdowne Nina , Brenton‐Rule Angela , Carroll Matthew , Rome Keith
Published: April 2015

Background

Rheumatic conditions can have a significant impact on the feet and requires effective management. Podiatric involvement in the management of rheumatic conditions has previously been found to be inadequate in a hospital‐setting and no study has examined current trends across New Zealand. The aim was to evaluate the perceived barriers of New Zealand podiatrists in the management of rheumatic conditions.

Methods

A cross‐sectional observational design using a web‐based survey. The self‐administered survey, comprising of thirteen questions, was made available to podiatrists currently practicing in New Zealand.

Results

Fifty‐six podiatrists responded and the results demonstrated poor integration of podiatrists into multidisciplinary teams caring for patients with arthritic conditions in New Zealand. Dedicated clinical sessions were seldom offered (16%) and few podiatrists reported being part of an established multidisciplinary team (16%). A poor uptake of clinical guidelines was reported (27%) with limited use of patient reported outcome measures (39%). The majority of podiatrists expressed an interest in professional development for the podiatric management of arthritic conditions (95%). All surveyed podiatrists (100%) agreed that there should be nationally developed clinical guidelines for foot care relating to arthritis.

Conclusions

The results suggest that there are barriers in the involvement of podiatrists in the management of people with rheumatic conditions in New Zealand. Future studies may provide an in‐depth exploration into these findings to identify and provide solutions to overcome potential barriers.
The making of eusociality: insights from two bumblebee genomes
Authors: Libbrecht Romain , Keller Laurent
Published: April 2015

The genomes of two bumblebee species characterized by a lower level of sociality than ants and honeybees provide new insights into the origin and evolution of insect societies.
Glucose-6-phosphate isomerase promotes the proliferation and inhibits the apoptosis in fibroblast-like synoviocytes in rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Zong Ming , Lu Tianbao , Fan Shasha , Zhang Hui , Gong Ruhan , Sun Lishan , Fu Zhiyan , Fan Lieying
Published: April 2015

Introduction

Fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS) play an important role in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). This study aimed to investigate the role of glucose 6-phosphate isomerase (GPI) in the proliferation of RA-FLS.

Methods

The distribution of GPI in synovial tissues from RA and osteoarthritis (OA) patients was examined by immunohistochemical analysis. FLS were isolated and cultured, cellular GPI level was detected by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and Western blot analysis, and secreted GPI was detected by Western blot and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Doxorubicin (Adriamycin, ADR) was used to induce apoptosis. Cell proliferation was determined by MTS assay. Flow cytometry was used to detect cell cycle and apoptosis. Secreted pro-inflammatory cytokines were measured by ELISA.

Results

GPI was abundant in RA-FLS and was an autocrine factor of FLS. The proliferation of both RA and OA FLS was increased after GPI overexpression, but was decreased after GPI knockdown. Meanwhile, exogenous GPI stimulated, while GPI antibody inhibited, FLS proliferation. GPI positively regulated its receptor glycoprotein 78 and promoted G1/S phase transition via extracellular regulated protein kinases activation and Cyclin D1 upregulation. GPI inhibited ADR-induced apoptosis accompanied by decreased Fas and increased Survivin in RA FLS. Furthermore, GPI increased the secretion of tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-1β by FLS.

Conclusions

GPI plays a pathophysiologic role in RA by stimulating the proliferation, inhibiting the apoptosis, and increasing pro-inflammatory cytokine secretion of FLS.
Lipopolysaccharide preconditioning of adipose-derived stem cells improves liver-regenerating activity of the secretome
Authors: Lee Sang Chul , Jeong Hye Jin , Lee Sang Kuon , Kim Say-June
Published: April 2015

Introduction

Growing recognition of paracrine mechanisms in stem cell plasticity has resulted in considerable interest in stem cell-derived secretome. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) preconditioning on the composition and hepatic regenerative activity of adipose-derived stem cell (ASC) secretome.

Methods

Conditioned medium (CM) and LPS-CM were obtained after culturing human ASCs without or with low-dose LPS (0.5 ng/mL) for 24 hours. Untreated and thioacetamide-treated mouse AML12 hepatocytes were incubated for 24 hours with the control medium, LPS (0.5 ng/mL), CM, and LPS-CM and then cell viabilities were compared. CM and LPS-CM were also intravenously administered to partially hepatectomized mice, and their effects on liver regeneration were assessed by using liver weight measurements, immunohistochemistry, and Western blotting.

Results

In the in vitro experiments, LPS preconditioning of ASCs enhanced the mRNA expression levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), hepatocyte growth factor, and vascular endothelial growth factor, which evoke inflammatory response or liver regeneration. LPS-CM significantly promoted thioacetamide-damaged AML12 cell viability compared with CM-incubated cells and the control cells (77%, 69%, and 65% P <0.05). In the in vivo experiment, LPS-CM infusion into the partially hepatectomized mice significantly reduced serum IL-6 and TNF-α levels compared with the other groups (P <0.05) on days 1 and 2 after partial hepatectomy. Moreover, LPS-CM infusion enhanced liver regeneration (based on the liver weight changes at day 7 after partial hepatectomy, 3.73% versus 3.22% in the CM group; P <0.05) and significantly reduced the elevated serum levels of aspartate transaminase and alanine transaminase (at day 1, P <0.05).

Conclusions

Our results suggest that LPS preconditioning effectively stimulates ASCs to produce the secretome beneficial to hepatic regeneration. Thus, optimizing ASC secretome profile by LPS preconditioning could be a promising approach to treat liver diseases by using stem cells.
Epithelial Mesenchymal Transition: a double‐edged sword
Authors: Barriere Guislaine , Fici Pietro , Gallerani Giulia , Fabbri Francesco , Rigaud Michel
Published: April 2015

Epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a physiological process necessary to normal embryologic development. However in genesis of pathological situations, this transition can be perverted and signaling pathways have different regulations from those of normal physiology. In cancer invasion, such a mechanism leads to generation of circulating tumor cells. Epithelial cancer cells become motile mesenchymal cells able to shed from the primary tumor and enter in the blood circulation. This is the major part of the invasive way of cancer. EMT is also implicated in chronic diseases like fibrosis and particularly renal fibrosis. In adult organisms, healing is based on EMT which is beneficial to repair wounds even if it can sometimes exceed its goal and elicit fibrosis. In this review, we delineate the clinical significance of EMT in both physiological and pathological circumstances.
Burned, Dwelled, Dreamed: THE EVOLUTION OF A MORPHOLOGICAL AMERICANISM AND THE ROLE OF PRESCRIPTIVE GRAMMAR WRITING
Authors: Anderwald Lieselotte
Published: April 2015

This article investigates the variation between past-tense forms burned/burnt, dwelled/dwelt, dreamed/dreamt, and the like historically with the help of the Corpus of Historical American English and asks whether prescriptive grammars in the nineteenth century may have influenced the development of regular forms as a present-day morphological Americanism. Contrary to what is often assumed, this article argues that the irregular forms are the actual innovations and that the return to regular forms is found in writing only and is highly lexeme-specific. Also contrary to expectations, prescriptive grammar writing is shown to have been mostly ignorant of which verbs were undergoing change, in which direction, and to which degree, and prescriptive grammar writing could not have been instrumental in supporting, let alone triggering, the development of this morphological Americanism.
A Branch-Cut-and-Price Algorithm for the Energy Minimization Vehicle Routing Problem
Authors: Fukasawa Ricardo , He Qie , Song Yongjia
Published: April 2015

We study a variant of the capacitated vehicle routing problem where the cost over each arc is defined as the product of the arc length and the weight of the vehicle when it traverses that arc. We propose two new mixed-integer linear programming formulations for the problem: an arc-load formulation and a set partitioning formulation based on q-routes with additional constraints. A family of cycle elimination constraints are derived for the arc-load formulation. We then compare the linear programming (LP) relaxations of these formulations with the two-index one-commodity flow formulation proposed in the literature. In particular, we show that the arc-load formulation with the new cycle elimination constraints gives the same LP bound as the set partitioning formulation based on 2-cycle-free q-routes, which is stronger than the LP bound given by the two-index one-commodity flow formulation. We propose a branch-and-cut algorithm for the arc-load formulation, and a branch-cut-and-price algorithm for the set partitioning formulation strengthened by additional constraints. Computational results on instances from the literature demonstrate that a significant improvement can be achieved by the branch-cut-and-price algorithm over other methods.
Importance and Impact of Preanalytical Variables on Alzheimer Disease Biomarker Concentrations in Cerebrospinal Fluid
Authors: Le Bastard Nathalie , De Deyn Peter Paul , Engelborghs Sebastiaan
Published: April 2015

BACKGROUND

Analyses of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers (β-amyloid protein, total tau protein, and hyperphosphorylated tau protein) are part of the diagnostic criteria of Alzheimer disease. Different preanalytical sample procedures contribute to variability of CSF biomarker concentrations, hampering between-laboratory comparisons. The aim of this study was to explore the influence of fractionated sampling, centrifugation, freezing temperature, freezing delay, and freeze–thaw cycles on CSF biomarker analyses.

METHODS

We studied fractionated sampling in sequential aliquots of lumbar CSF. Centrifuged and noncentrifuged samples from the same fraction were compared. CSF samples were subjected to different protocols (liquid nitrogen, −80 °C, and −20 °C; 24 h at 2–8 °C; and 24 and 48 h at room temperature). To study the influence of freeze–thaw cycles, samples were thawed up to 4 times and refrozen at −80 °C. CSF was collected in polypropylene tubes. We measured CSF biomarker concentrations with commercially available single-analyte Innotest assays.

RESULTS

CSF biomarker concentrations from non–blood-contaminated samples are not influenced by centrifugation or fractionated sampling. Freezing temperature and delayed storage can affect biomarker concentrations; freezing of CSF samples at −80 °C as soon as possible after collection is recommended. Consecutive freezing and thawing of CSF samples up to 3 times had little effect.

CONCLUSIONS

Temperature of freezing, delay until freezing, and freeze–thaw cycles significantly influence CSF biomarker concentrations, stressing the need for standard operating procedures for preanalytical sample handling. The differences observed in this study are, however, relatively small, and the impact on the clinical value of these CSF biomarkers needs to be determined.
Frontier history e as interpretações da colonização grega antiga
Authors: Pollini Airton
Published: April 2015

No final do século XIX, F. J. Turner estudou a história do Oeste americano e propôs analisar a conquista de terras como um processo: uma fronteira que se move em direção ao Oeste e que diz respeito não somente ao aspecto militar, mas também os processos sociais e econômicos. Depois de retomar as principais ideias do conceito de frontier history, proponho integrar algumas novas abordagens sobre colonização conhecidas como pós-colonialismo. A terceira parte constitui uma análise de um caso de estudo: uma colônia grega do sul da Itália, Síbaris. Argumento que certos conceitos modernos podem ser usados como uma ferramenta operacional para interpretar dados arqueológicos, desde que o contexto histórico da cultura material seja observado atentivamente.
THAMOS, M. As armas e o varão: leitura e tradução do canto I da Eneida. São Paulo: EDUSP, 2011.
Authors: Vieira Brunno V. G.
Published: April 2015

Resenha de THAMOS, M. As armas e o varão: leitura e tradução do canto I da Eneida. São Paulo: EDUSP, 2011.
TEJA, Ramón. Vida de Porfirio de Gaza. Marco el diácono. Madrid: Editorial Trotta, 2008.
Authors: Funari Pedro Paulo A.
Published: April 2015

Resenha de TEJA, Ramón. Vida de Porfirio de Gaza. Marco el diácono. Madrid: Editorial Trotta, 2008.
Roma: religião e poder. Os séculos IV e V
Authors: Carlan Cláudio Umpierre
Published: April 2015

O artigo começa com uma descrição das últimas perseguições aos cristãos no mundo romano. Analisamos as questões políticas e sociais que ajudaram na legitimação do cristianismo, como religião das elites romanas, até sua oficialização durante o governo de Teodósio I, passando pelo conturbado período de guerras civis, após término da Tetrarquia.
O trágico entre o conceito e a ação dramática: alcance e hesitações da filosofia do trágico
Authors: Costa Gilmário Guerreiro da
Published: April 2015

O presente trabalho esforça-se por analisar e compreender a busca de uma inteligibilidade da tragédia ensaiada pela filosofia do trágico. Entre as dificuldades nesse percurso sobressaem as ligadas à elaboração do conceito de trágico, seja por se haver banalizado a ideia de tragédia, seja pela homogeneidade e fechamento peculiar ao conceito e às definições, assim revelando-se insuficiente para tocar os múltiplos planos de abertura de uma obra de arte. Por vezes semelhante especulação filosófica avizinhou-se de uma investigação pouco trágica do problema do trágico. Uma ideia fecunda e consistente de Peter Szondi concerne à afirmação do trágico enquanto ação dramática, e não uma essência abstrata. Não existe em si, mas enquanto cena. No limite, trata-se de prover meios para uma tragicidade do ato mesmo de ler.