bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Blood-Flow Restriction Resistance Exercise Promotes Lower Pain and Ratings of Perceived Exertion Compared With Either High- or Low-Intensity Resistance Exercise Performed to Muscular Failure
Authors: Lixandrão Manoel E. , Roschel Hamilton , Ugrinowitsch Carlos , Miquelini Maira , Alvarez Ieda F. , Libardi Cleiton Augusto
Published: July 2018

Context: Given the comparable muscle hypertrophy constantly observed between blood-flow restriction exercise (BFR-RE) and conventional resistance exercise, understanding their particular rating of perceived exertion (RPE) and pain may help to better prescribe exercise at a low-discomfort level, thus increasing its feasibility. Design: Randomized crossover study. Objective: To compare the RPE and pain response between conventional high- (HI-RE) and low-intensity resistance exercise (LI-RE) protocols to failure with a nonmuscular failure LI-RE associated with BFR-RE. Participants: A total of 12 men (age: 20 [3] y; body mass: 73.5 [9] kg; height: 174 [6] cm). Interventions: Four sets of 45° leg-press exercises in 3 different conditions: (1) BFR-RE (15 repetitions; 30% 1-repetition maximum), (2) HI-RE (80% 1-repetition maximum to muscular failure), and (3) LI-RE (30% 1-repetition maximum to muscular failure). Main Outcome Measures: RPE and pain were assessed immediately before exercise session and after the end of each of the 4 sets. Results: RPE and pain levels increased throughout the exercise sets for all RE protocols (all, Ps < .05). HI-RE and LI-RE protocols showed similar increase in RPE and pain levels during all exercise sets (P < .05); however, both protocols demonstrated higher RPE and pain response compared with BFR-RE after each of the 4 sets (all Ps < .05 between-group comparisons). Conclusions: Our results demonstrated that both HI-RE and LI-RE to muscular failure resulted in similar and significant increases in RPE and pain levels, regardless of exercise intensity. In addition, nonmuscular failure BFR-RE also increased RPE and pain response, however, to a lower extent compared with either HI-RE or LI-RE.
Reliability of Smartphone Inclinometry to Measure Upper Cervical Range of Motion
Authors: Ullucci Paul A. , Tudini Frank , Moran Matthew F.
Published: July 2018

Context: Assessment of upper cervical range of motion (UCROM) and mobility is commonly performed in the clinical setting for patients suffering from headache, neck pain, and vestibular dysfunction. Reliable and reproducible measurement of this motion is often difficult or too expensive to perform in the clinical setting. Smartphone applications using the device’s internal gyroscope offer an easy and inexpensive means of measuring UCROM, but their reliability has not been reported in the literature. Objective: To assess the reliability of an inclinometer application installed on 2 different devices (iPhone 6 [IP] and android [AN]) and to measure UCROM in a healthy population. Design: Two examiners assessed passive UCROM. Each examiner was assigned to a specific smartphone, and a repeated-measures design consisting of 3 trials for each examiner–phone was performed. The order of testing was randomized, and the examiners were blinded to UCROM measures. Setting: Laboratory. Participants: A total of 38 subjects (19 females and 19 males; age: 23.8 [1.2] y) without pain or injury to the neck or spine for at least 3 months. Intervention: Each examiner passively flexed the head fully, rotated the head fully in 1 direction, and then in another. Peak rotation measures were recorded from each smartphone. Three trials were performed for each phone, with a 2-minute break between examiners/phones. Main Outcome Measures: Intraclass correlation coefficient using a 2-way mixed, absolute agreement model was obtained (1) between each examiner–phone and (2) within each examiner–phone for the measurements in each rotation direction. Results: Interphone/examiner reliability comparing average peak and total UCROM for each device was excellent (.87, .81). Intraphone/examiner reliability, determined across 3 trials, was also excellent (AN right rot. = .91, AN left rot. = .96; IP right rot. = .98, IP left rot. = .95). Conclusion: UCROM can be reliably measured using a smartphone inclinometer application.
Effects of Textured Balance Board Training in Adolescent Ballet Dancers With Ankle Pathology
Authors: Steinberg Nili , Adams Roger , Tirosh Oren , Karin Janet , Waddington Gordon
Published: July 2018

Context: Ankle sprains are common among adolescent ballet dancers and may be attributed to inadequate ankle proprioception. Thus, a short period of training utilizing proprioceptive activities requires evaluation. Objective: To assess training conducted for 3 or 6 weeks on a textured-surface balance board using ankle proprioception scores for ballet dancers with and without chronic ankle instability, and with and without previous ankle sprain (PAS). Design: Intervention study. Setting: The Australian Ballet School. Participants: Forty-two ballet dancers, aged 14–18 years. Interventions: Dancers randomized into 2 groups: group 1 undertook 1 minute of balance board training daily for 3 weeks; group 2 undertook the same training for 6 weeks. Main Outcome Measures: Preintervention, Cumberland Ankle Instability Tool questionnaire data were collected, and PAS during the last 2 years was reported. Active ankle inversion movement discrimination ability was tested immediately pre and post intervention and at 3 and 4 weeks. Results: Ankle discrimination acuity scores improved over time for both groups, with a performance decline associated with the early cessation of training for group 1 (P = .04). While dancers with PAS had significantly worse scores at the first test, before balance board training began (P < .01), no significant differences in scores at any test occasion were found between dancers with and without chronic ankle instability. A significantly faster rate of improvement in ankle discrimination ability score over the 4 test occasions was found for dancers with PAS (P = .002). Conclusions: Three weeks of textured balance board training improved the ankle discrimination ability of ballet dancers regardless of their reported level of chronic ankle instability and at a faster rate for dancers with PAS. Previous ankle sprain was associated with a lower level of ankle discrimination ability; however, following 3 weeks of balance board training, previously injured dancers had significantly improved their ankle discrimination acuity scores.
The Influence of Corrective Exercises on Functional Movement Screen and Physical Fitness Performance in Army ROTC Cadets
Authors: Basar Marissa J. , Stanek Justin M. , Dodd Daniel D. , Begalle Rebecca L.
Published: July 2018

Context:The functional movement screen (FMS) is a tool designed to identify limitations between sections of the body during fundamental movements. However, there is limited evidence on the effectiveness of corrective exercises to improve FMS scores.Objective:To examine the effects of individualized corrective exercises on improving FMS scores in Reserve Officers’ Training Corps cadets and to correlate these changes with physical fitness performance as established with the standard Army Physical Fitness Test (APFT).Design:Cluster randomized, cohort study.Setting:Controlled laboratory setting (FMS) and a field-based setting (APFT).Participants:Forty-four healthy, physically active cadets met all inclusion and exclusion criteria.Intervention:Participants were randomly assigned to the experimental (n = 24) or control (n = 20) group by cluster. Personalized intervention programs were developed through the FMS Pro360 system, a subscription-based software that generates corrective exercises based on individual FMS test scores. The experimental group performed the individualized programs 3 times per week for 4 weeks prior to morning physical training regime. The control group continued to participate in the standard warm-up drills as part of morning physical training.Main Outcome Measures:The dependent variables included the individual and composite FMS and APFT scores. Scores were reported and analyzed in several ways to determine the efficacy of corrective exercises.Results:Group FMS and APFT scores were similar at pretest. The experimental group had a significantly greater improvement in FMS composite score at 4 weeks post (U = 87;z = −3.83;P = .001; effect size = 1.33; 95% confidence interval, 0.69–1.98). No significant changes in APFT scores were found (U = 237.5,z = −0.33,P = .74). A nonsignificant weak correlation between the FMS and APFT scores (r = .25,P = .10) was found.Conclusion:Individualized corrective exercises improved FMS scores, but did not change physical fitness performance. FMS composite scores and APFT performance are not related.
Differences of Relative and Absolute Strength of Individuals With Spinal Cord Injury From Able-Bodied Subjects: A Discriminant Analysis
Authors: Ribeiro Neto Frederico , Gomes Costa Rodrigo Rodrigues , Tanhoffer Ricardo , Bottaro Martim , Carregaro Rodrigo Luiz
Published: July 2018

Context: Strength training is one of the most common interventions employed to increase functional independence during rehabilitation of individuals with spinal cord injury (SCI). However, in the literature, different results have been reported in terms of strength modifications after a SCI compared with a control group (CG). Objective: This study aimed to verify whether discriminant analysis using relative and absolute strength is able to discriminate individuals with different levels of SCI from a CG and to compare strength values of men with different levels of SCI with a CG. Design: Cross-sectional study. Setting: Rehabilitation hospital setting. Participants: A total of 36 individuals with SCI stratified in tetraplegia (TP; C6–C8), high paraplegia (HP; T1–T6), and low paraplegia (LP; T7–L2), and 12 matched control subjects were enrolled in the study. Main Outcome Measures: The subjects performed a maximum strength test of elbow extension/flexion and also shoulder abduction/adduction and flexion/extension in an isokinetic dynamometer. Discriminant analysis was carried out to identify which strength variables would be able to discriminate the TP, HP, or LP groups from the CG. A 1-way analysis of variance was performed to compare peak torque and agonist/antagonist ratio means. Results: Shoulder adduction, followed by elbow extension peak torque, was the best variable for discriminating the TP group from the CG (function coefficients: −0.056 and 0.051, respectively, Wilks Λ = 0.41, P ≤ .05). There were no significant differences between the HP group, LP group, and CG. Conclusions: The strength similarity of the paraplegic groups and the CG should not be extrapolated for activities of daily living or sports. The TP group demonstrated lower peak torque for all movements than the CG.
Metal-free three-dimensional perovskite ferroelectrics
Authors: Ye Heng-Yun , Tang Yuan-Yuan , Li Peng-Fei , Liao Wei-Qiang , Gao Ji-Xing , Hua Xiu-Ni , Cai Hu , Shi Ping-Ping , You Yu-Meng , Xiong Ren-Gen
Published: July 2018

Perovskites go organic

The perovskite structure accommodates many different combinations of elements, making it attractive for use in a wide variety of applications. Building perovskites out of only organic compounds is appealing because these materials tend to be flexible, fracture-resistant, and potentially easier to synthesize than their inorganic counterparts. Ye
et al.
describe a previously unknown family of all-organic perovskites, of which they synthesized 23 different family members (see the Perspective by Li and Ji). The compounds are attractive as ferroelectrics, including one compound with properties close to the well-known inorganic ferroelectric BaTiO
3
.

Science
, this issue p.
151
; see also p.
132
Ethylene-gibberellin signaling underlies adaptation of rice to periodic flooding
Authors: Kuroha Takeshi , Nagai Keisuke , Gamuyao Rico , Wang Diane R. , Furuta Tomoyuki , Nakamori Masanari , Kitaoka Takuya , Adachi Keita , Minami Anzu , Mori Yoshinao , Mashiguchi Kiyoshi , Seto Yoshiya , Yamaguchi Shinjiro , Kojima Mikiko , Sakakibara Hitoshi , Wu Jianzhong , Ebana Kaworu , Mitsuda Nobutaka , Ohme-Takagi Masaru , Yanagisawa Shuichi , Yamasaki Masanori , Yokoyama Ryusuke , Nishitani Kazuhiko , Mochizuki Toshihiro , Tamiya Gen , McCouch Susan R. , Ashikari Motoyuki
Published: July 2018

How rice defeats the floodwaters

Deepwater rice varieties grow taller when flooded, in a growth response driven by the plant hormones gibberellin and ethylene. This keeps the leaves above the water. Kuroha
et al.
identified the genes underlying this phenotype, which encode a component of the gibberellin biosynthetic pathway and its regulatory ethylene-responsive transcription factor. This genetic relay drives growth of the plant stem internodes in response to flooding. Modern cultivated deepwater rice, which has been domesticated for adaptation to the monsoon season of Bangladesh, emerged from the genetic variation found in wild rice strains over a broader geographic region.

Science
, this issue p.
181
Perovskite ferroelectrics go metal free
Authors: Li Wei , Ji Li-Jun
Published: July 2018

Metal-free perovskites exhibit ferroelectric properties rivaling those of BaTiO
3
Deconstructive fluorination of cyclic amines by carbon-carbon cleavage
Authors: Roque Jose B. , Kuroda Yusuke , Göttemann Lucas T. , Sarpong Richmond
Published: July 2018

A silver cleaver splits cyclic amines

Carbon-carbon single bonds are fairly unreactive when they are not strained in a tight ring. Roque
et al.
now report that a silver salt can cleave C–C bonds in unstrained cyclic amines such as pyrrolidines and piperidines. Paired with an electrophilic fluorine source in aqueous solution, the silver first oxidizes the α carbon adjacent to the nitrogen. Ring-opening fluorination of the β carbon then proceeds by an apparent radical mechanism. The reaction offers a versatile means of introducing fluorine to structural motifs common in pharmaceutical research.

Science
, this issue p.
171
Quantitative analysis of competitive cytokine signaling predicts tissue thresholds for the propagation of macrophage activation
Authors: Bagnall James , Boddington Christopher , England Hazel , Brignall Ruth , Downton Polly , Alsoufi Zainab , Boyd James , Rowe William , Bennett Alexander , Walker Catherine , Adamson Antony , Patel Nisha M. X. , O’Cualain Ronan , Schmidt Lorraine , Spiller David G. , Jackson Dean A. , Müller Werner , Muldoon Mark , White Michael R. H. , Paszek Pawel
Published: July 2018

Competitive TNF-α uptake regulates the propagation of heterogeneous responses of macrophages in tissues.
The transcription factor Lef1 switches partners from β-catenin to Smad3 during muscle stem cell quiescence
Authors: Aloysius Ajoy , DasGupta Ramanuj , Dhawan Jyotsna
Published: July 2018

The transcription factor Lef1 switches partners as muscle stem cells transition from proliferation to quiescence.
Alterations of Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhimurium Antibiotic Resistance under Environmental Pressure
Authors: Peng Mengfei , Salaheen Serajus , Buchanan Robert L. , Biswas Debabrata
Published: July 2018

Antibiotic resistance is attributed to the misuse or overuse of antibiotics in agriculture, and antibiotic resistance genes can also be transferred to bacteria under environmental stress. In this study, we report a unidirectional alteration in antibiotic resistance from susceptibility to increased resistance. Highly sensitive
Salmonella enterica
serovar Typhimurium isolates from organic farm systems quickly acquired tetracycline resistance under antibiotic pressure in simulated farm soil environments within 2 weeks, with expression of antibiotic resistance-related genes that was significantly upregulated. Conversely, originally resistant
S
. Typhimurium isolates from conventional farm systems lost little of their resistance when transferred to environments without antibiotic pressure. Additionally, multidrug-resistant
S
. Typhimurium isolates genetically shared relevancy with pathogenic
S
. Typhimurium isolates, whereas susceptible isolates clustered with nonpathogenic strains. These results provide detailed discussion and explanation about the genetic alterations and simultaneous acquisition of antibiotic resistance in
S
. Typhimurium in agricultural environments.
Yeast and Filaments Have Specialized, Independent Activities in a Zebrafish Model of Candida albicans Infection
Authors: Seman Brittany G. , Moore Jessica L. , Scherer Allison K. , Blair Bailey A. , Manandhar Sony , Jones Joshua M. , Wheeler Robert T.
Published: July 2018

Candida albicansdimorphism is a crucial virulence factor during invasive candidiasis infections, which claim the lives of nearly one-half of those afflicted. It has long been believed that filaments drive tissue invasion and yeast mediates bloodstream dissemination, but observation of these activities during infection has been prevented by technical limitations.
Inhibition of the Protein Phosphatase CppA Alters Development of Chlamydia trachomatis
Authors: Claywell Ja E. , Matschke Lea M. , Plunkett Kyle N. , Fisher Derek J.
Published: July 2018

Chlamydia
is a significant cause of disease in humans, including sexually transmitted infections, the ocular infection trachoma, and pneumonia. Despite the critical roles of protein phosphatases in bacterial physiology, their function in pathogenesis is less clear. Our findings demonstrate that CppA, a broad-specificity type 2C protein phosphatase (PP2C), is critical for chlamydial development and further substantiate reversible phosphorylation as a key regulatory mechanism in
Chlamydia
. Additionally, our work highlights the potential of CppA to serve as a novel target for future therapeutic strategies and supports the feasibility of designing more potent PP2C phosphatase inhibitors for
Chlamydia
and other pathogenic bacteria.
Herpes Simplex Virus 1 Infection Promotes the Growth of a Subpopulation of Tumor Cells in Three-Dimensional Uveal Melanoma Cultures
Authors: Valyi-Nagy Tibor , Fredericks Brian , Ravindra Aditya , Hopkins James , Shukla Deepak , Valyi-Nagy Klara
Published: July 2018

Cancer cells are exposed to HSV-1 during oncolytic virotherapy with the intention of killing tumor cells. Our observations reported here suggest that potential dangers of HSV-1 oncolytic therapy include promotion of growth of some tumor cells. Furthermore, our findings raise the possibility that HSV-1 infection of neoplastic cells during natural infections or vaccinations may promote the growth of tumors. Our study indicates that HSV-1 infection of 3D tumor cell cultures provides an experimental platform in which mechanisms of HSV-1-mediated promotion of tumor cell growth can be effectively studied.
Genetic Evidence Supports Sporadic and Independent Introductions of Subtype H5 Low-Pathogenic Avian Influenza A Viruses from Wild Birds to Domestic Poultry in North America
Authors: Li Lei , Bowman Andrew S. , DeLiberto Thomas J. , Killian Mary L. , Krauss Scott , Nolting Jacqueline M. , Torchetti Mia Kim , Ramey Andrew M. , Reeves Andrew B. , Stallknecht David E. , Webby Richard J. , Wan Xiu-Feng
Published: July 2018

Integration of viral genome sequencing into influenza surveillance for wild birds and domestic poultry can elucidate evolutionary pathways of economically costly poultry pathogens. Evolutionary analyses of H5 LPAIVs detected in domestic poultry in the United States and Canada during 2001 to 2017 suggest that these viruses originated from repeated introductions of IAVs from wild birds, followed by various degrees of reassortment. Reassortment was observed where biosecurity was low and where opportunities for more than one virus to circulate existed (e.g., congregations of birds from different premises, such as live-bird markets). None of the H5 lineages identified were maintained for the long term in domestic poultry, suggesting that management strategies have been effective in minimizing the impacts of virus introductions on U.S. poultry production.
The Third Transmembrane Domain of EscR Is Critical for Function of the Enteropathogenic
Escherichia coli
Type III Secretion System
Authors: Tseytin Irit , Madar Adi , Mitrovic Bosko , Deng Wanyin , Finlay B. Brett , Sal-Man Neta
Published: July 2018

Many Gram-negative bacterial pathogens that cause life-threatening diseases employ a type III secretion system (T3SS) for their virulence. The T3SS comprises several proteins that assemble into a syringe-like structure dedicated to the injection of bacterial virulence factors into the host cells. Although many T3SS proteins are transmembrane proteins, our knowledge of these proteins is limited mostly to their soluble domains. In this study, we found that the third transmembrane domain (TMD) of EscR, a central protein of the T3SS in enteropathogenic
E. coli
, contributes to protein self-oligomerization. Moreover, we demonstrated that a single aspartic acid residue, located at the core of this TMD, is critical for the activity of the full-length protein and the function of the entire T3SS, possibly due to its involvement in mediating TMD-TMD interactions. Our findings should encourage the mapping of the entire interactome of the T3SS components, including interactions mediated through their TMDs.
Heart failure and palliative care in the emergency department
Authors: Lipinski Matthew , Eagles Debra , Fischer Lisa M , Mielniczuk Lisa , Stiell Ian G
Published: July 2018

Objectives

Heart failure is a common ED presentation that is underserved by palliative care services and is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. We sought to evaluate use of palliative care services in patients with heart failure presenting to the ED. The primary outcome studied was palliative care involvement. Secondary outcomes of the study were: (1) 1-year mortality, (2) ED visits, (3) hospital admissions and (4) heart failure clinic involvement.

Methods

We conducted a health records review of 500 patients with heart failure who presented to two Canadian academic hospital EDs from January to August 2013.

Results

Patients were of mean age 80.7 years, women (53.2%) and had significant comorbidities. Only 41% of all deceased patients at 1 year had any palliative care involvement. Of those with palliative care, 44 (76%) patients had less than 2 weeks of palliative care involvement prior to death. Compared with those with no palliative care, the 79 (15.8%) patients with palliative care involvement had a higher 1-year mortality rate (70.9% vs 18.8%) and more hospital admissions/year (1.4 vs 0.85) for heart failure.

Conclusions

We found that few patients with heart failure had palliative care services. Additionally, the majority of those who have palliative care involvement do not meet current recommendations for early palliative care involvement in heart failure. This study suggests that the ED may be an appropriate setting to identify and refer high-risk patients with heart failure who could benefit from earlier palliative care involvement.
Evolution of genetic assessment for BRCA-associated gynaecologic malignancies: a Canadian multisociety roadmap
Authors: McCuaig Jeanna M , Stockley Tracy L , Shaw Patricia , Fung-Kee-Fung Michael , Altman Alon D , Bentley James , Bernardini Marcus Q , Cormier Beatrice , Hirte Hal , Kieser Katharina , MacMillan Andree , Meschino Wendy S , Panabaker Karen , Perrier Renee , Provencher Diane , Schrader Kasmintan A , Serfas Kimberly , Tomiak Eva , Wong Nora , Young Sean S , Gotlieb Walter Henri , Hoskins Paul , Kim Raymond H
Published: July 2018

The landscape of genetic testing in ovarian cancer patients has changed dramatically in recent years. The therapeutic benefits of poly ADP-ribose polymerase (PARP) inhibitors in treatment of BRCA1/2-related ovarian cancers has resulted in an increased demand and urgency for genetic testing results, while technological developments have led to widespread use of multi-gene cancer panels and development of tumour testing protocols. Traditional genetic counselling models are no longer sustainable and must evolve to match the rapid evolution of genetic testing technologies and developments in personalized medicine. Recently, representatives from oncology, clinical genetics, molecular genetics, pathology, and patient advocacy came together to create a national multi-disciplinary Canadian consortium. By aligning stakeholder interests, the BRCA Testing to Treatment (BRCA TtoT) Community of Practice aims to develop a national strategy for tumour and germline BRCA1/2 testing and genetic counselling in women with ovarian cancer. This article serves to provide an overview of the recent evolution of genetic assessment for BRCA1/2-associated gynecologic malignancies and outline a Canadian roadmap to facilitate change, improve genetic testing rates, and ultimately improve outcomes for hereditary ovarian cancer patients and their families.
Putting the ‘me’ in mechanical: lessons from the mechanical men of health 1928–1948
Authors: Stones Catherine
Published: July 2018

During the interwar years, health exhibitions and pavilions were commonplace in Europe and the USA. Within these exhibitions were a small number of life-sized or oversized mechanical men used to represent physiological processes. Although they received significant press attention at the time, little academic analysis exists to date. These mechanical men, I argue, all provide important insights regarding the way design could be used to heighten the appeal of physiology and crucially, in the formation of a new term—the Accessible Body.

First, this study re-introduces three mechanical men of health to an academic audience, identifying provenance and unearthing key details of their performance and visual appearance. I argue that there is much to be gained by their analysis in comparison to the more notorious body representations that they orbited. Through detailed analysis of their forms, the three mechanical men are shown to challenge the dominant notions of the Ideal Body and Fordist Body embodied in the Dresden Transparent Man (1930) and ‘Der Mensch als Industriepalast’ (1926), respectively. The study examines and classifies these mechanical men as a new type of body— the Accessible Body. This term refers to representations that embody a sense of consciousness, the re-appropriation of popular culture and engagement with humour and visual appeal.

The study concludes with discussion about the Accessible Body in contemporary health education. What tropes and approaches may remain significant today? By leaning on contemporary thinking about linguistic rather than visual metaphors in health, this study concludes with provocations for the alignment of other appropriate metaphors within a mechanical man and Accessible Body framework. Ultimately, I call for a reshifting of man/machine visual metaphors as a means of re-engaging the audience today.
‘Montezuma’s revenge’: neurological disorders in the returning traveller
Authors: Bharucha Tehmina , Manji Hadi
Published: July 2018

‘The world is a book and those who do not travel read only one page’.

Augustine of Hippo – Latin philosopher and theologian.

Neurological presentations are seen in about 1.5%–2.0% of returning travellers seeking medical attention, and may pose a particular challenge to diagnose and treat. These may be severe and life threatening, such as meningoencephalitic illnesses or inflammatory radiculoneuropathy (Guillain-Barré-like) syndromes requiring intensive care support. It is essential not to miss the potentially treatable and common diseases such as malaria, which can be lethal if undiagnosed. Herpes simplex virus remains the most common cause of encephalitis in returning travellers to the UK. Furthermore, common bacterial conditions such as pneumococcal meningitis may be associated with different resistance patterns globally, and this must be taken into account in treatment decisio.ns. This review provides a clinical approach, illustrated with a range of cases, and suggestions where to get further management advice.
Air quality and presence of air ventilation systems inside waterpipe cafés in North Carolina
Authors: Seidenberg Andrew B , Orlan Elizabeth N , Travers Mark J , Sutfin Erin L
Published: July 2018

Background

After North Carolina (NC) fire inspectors detected unsafe carbon monoxide (CO) levels inside several waterpipe cafés, the state fire code was amended to include provisions regulating waterpipe cafés, adding a requirement for air ventilation. These regulations apply to new buildings constructed after 1 January 2016, but can be enforced for older buildings where there exists a distinct hazard to life. We measured air quality at a sample of waterpipe cafés before and after the starting date of this regulation and collected information on presence of air ventilation.

Methods

Air quality (CO, fine particulate matter (PM2.5)) monitoring was conducted inside and outside of six waterpipe cafés in NC in September of 2015 (time 1) and September of 2016 (time 2). In addition, questionnaires were administered to managers from each waterpipe café at time 2 to determine the presence of air ventilation systems.

Results

Elevated levels of CO and PM2.5were found inside waterpipe cafés at time 1 (median CO=42 ppm; median PM2.5=379.3 µg/m3) and time 2 (median CO=65 ppm; median PM2.5=484.0 µg/m3), with no significant differences between time periods (p>0.05). Indoor levels were significantly higher than levels outside cafés at both time periods (p<0.05). All waterpipe cafés reported having an air ventilation system that was installed prior to time 1 air monitoring.

Conclusions

Unsafe levels of CO and PM2.5were observed in waterpipe cafés in NC, despite reported use of air ventilation systems. Prohibiting indoor waterpipe smoking may be necessary to ensure clean air for employees and patrons.
Study of the relationship between overjet development and some skull bone measurements in Warmblood foals
Authors: Domanska‐Kruppa Natalia , Venner Monica , Bienert‐Zeit Astrid
Published: July 2018

Overjet is defined as the projection of the maxillary incisors labial to their antagonists in a horizontal direction. This malocclusion in horses can lead to incorrect dental wear and is aesthetically undesirable. Whether lengthening of the maxilla or shortening of the mandible causes the condition has not yet been determined. Therefore, a measurement technique was developed to investigate the correlations between skull bone measurements in overjet‐affected individuals. The position of the incisors in 650 Warmblood foals born in a private German stud was examined at two weeks of age, revealing the prevalence of overjet to be 2 per cent. Five measurements were made on each foal's head and comparisons with a second set of measurements that were made later in the foals first year showed a change in the presence or degree of overjet over time. Nine of 13 foals diagnosed with measurable overjet at the beginning of the study resolved spontaneously. Thirteen foals had no evidence of overjet at birth, of which four developed the condition during the first year of life. The methods used for measuring longitudinal changes in different skull bones and for the assessment of malocclusion in foals affected with overjet were considered effective.
Cosmology in scalar–tensor–vector theory via thermodynamics
Authors: Siginc Onur , Salti Mustafa , Yanar Hilmi , Aydogdu Oktay
Published: July 2018

Assuming the universe as a thermodynamical system, the second law of thermodynamics can be extended to another form including the sum of matter and horizon entropies, which is called the generalized second law of thermodynamics. The generalized form of the second law (GSL) is universal which means it holds both in non-equilibrium and equilibrium pictures of thermodynamics. Considering the universe is bounded by a dynamical apparent horizon, we investigate the nature of entropy function for the validity of GSL in the scalar–tensor–vector (STEVE) theory of gravity.
Matching renormalization schemes in holography
Authors: Hirano Shinji
Published: July 2018

In holography, there is a one-to-one correspondence between physical observables in the bulk and boundary theories. To define physical observables, however, regularization needs to be implemented in both sides of the correspondence. It is arguable whether the correspondence should extend to regularization and renormalization scheme which are not physical in the conventional sense. However, if we are to take the renormalization group (RG) interpretation of holography seriously, its precise understanding appears to require the matching of regularizations and renormalization schemes in the bulk and boundary theories. We address this question in the AdS5/CFT4 correspondence by considering the simplest physical quantity, the Casimir energy of the [Formula: see text] super Yang–Mills (SYM) theory on [Formula: see text], in a [Formula: see text]-function regularization and show that there are choices of scheme which match the bulk AdS result, including the radial cutoff-dependent corrections when the cutoff is kept finite. We further discuss the implication of this result to the RG interpretation of holography.
Cracking in anisotropic polytropic models
Authors: Sharif M. , Sadiq Sobia
Published: July 2018

This paper is devoted to examine the cracking of spherically symmetric anisotropic fluid configuration for polytropic equation of state. For this purpose, we formulate the corresponding field equations as well as generalized Tolman–Oppenheimer–Volkoff equation. We introduce density perturbations in matter variables and then construct the force distribution function. In order to examine the occurrence of cracking/overturning, we consider two models corresponding to two values of the polytropic index. It is found that the first model exhibits overturning for the considered values of polytropic constant while the second model neither exhibits cracking nor overturning for larger values of polytropic constant.
Comment on demystifying the constancy of the Ermakov–Lewis invariant for a time-dependent oscillator
Authors: Gallegos A. , Rosu H. C.
Published: July 2018

We show that a simple modification of the Lagrangian proposed by Padmanabhan in the paper [Mod. Phys. Lett. A 33, 1830005 (2018)] leads to the most general dynamical invariant in [Ray and Reid, Phys. Lett. A 71, 317 (1979)].
Revisiting the applications of Floquet–Magnus and Fer expansion approaches in physics and solid-state NMR
Authors: Mananga Eugene Stephane , Charpentier Thibault
Published: July 2018

In this paper, we revisit, from different perspectives, the applications of Floquet–Magnus expansion (FME) and Fer expansion (FE) in NMR and physics. We use these expansion schemes for the calculation of effective Hamiltonians and propagators. We found that the FME is related to the FE. While both approaches are powerful methods, there are subtle differences between them. To understand the differences, we performed explicit calculation on various problems, namely, Bloch–Siegert shift, Cross Polarization (CP) and Continuous Waves (CW). We put the work in a prospect that is related to spin physics in order to make the calculation more general. As the propagator from the FME takes the form of the evolution operator, which removes the constraint of a stroboscopic observation, we appreciated the effects of time-evolution under Hamiltonians with different orders separately.
Linearizing the word problem in (some) free fields
Authors: Schrempf Konrad
Published: July 2018

We describe a solution of the word problem in free fields (coming from non-commutative polynomials over a commutative field) using elementary linear algebra, provided that the elements are given by minimal linear representations. It relies on the normal form of Cohn and Reutenauer and can be used more generally to (positively) test rational identities. Moreover, we provide a construction of minimal linear representations for the inverse of nonzero elements.
Nickel oxide film saturable absorber for mode-locking operation at 1.55-micron region
Authors: Harun S. W. , Nawi B. M. , Latiff A. A.
Published: July 2018

The generation of mode-locking pulse train in Erbium-doped fiber laser (EDFL) cavity was demonstrated using Nickel Oxide (NiO) saturable absorber (SA). The NiO compound synthesized via sonochemical method was embedded into poly ethylene oxide (PEO) film through solution casting technique to fabricate the SA film device. A small piece of the SA film was sandwiched between two ferrules in the EDFL cavity. By adding 180[Formula: see text]m single mode fiber (SMF) in the ring cavity, a stable mode-locking pulse train operating at 1558[Formula: see text]nm with a repetition rate of 1.1[Formula: see text]MHz was achieved. At 197.5[Formula: see text]mW pump power, the proposed mode-locked EDFL has output power and pulse energy of 3.35[Formula: see text]mW and 3.36[Formula: see text]nJ, respectively. This study may well be the first demonstration of mode-locked EDFL using NiO-based SA. The result indicates that NiO is the promising material for ultrafast photonic applications.
Characterization of Traffic Noise and Honking Assessment of an Indian Urban Road
Authors: Vijay Ritesh , Chakrabarti T. , Gupta Rajesh
Published: July 2018

To study the traffic noise on an Indian urban highway, traffic noise levels (Leq, Lpeak, Lmax and Lmin), traffic volume, speed and honking incidents were measured in peak traffic hours in the morning and evening. An attempt has been made to characterize the traffic noise including the impact of honking. Honking of horn was positively correlated with Leq and negatively correlated with traffic speed. In case of traffic volume and road width, no significant correlation was established with Leq. Based on the observed honking and Leq in each time interval, statistical analysis was performed for assessing the impact of honking on traffic noise and its estimation through trend analysis. Further, quantification of honking noise was carried out considering frequency analysis of audio spectrum of traffic noise. Both the analyzes confirm the honking contributed an additional noise of 1–4[Formula: see text]dB(A) over and above the traffic monitoring noise. The study suggests that honking noise must be included as a factor while monitoring traffic noise in some places where honking is common practice. This study will help in characterizing the traffic noise and the impact of honking for further abatement studies.
Noise-Based Logic Gates by Operations on the Reference System
Authors: Kish Laszlo B. , Daugherity Walter C.
Published: July 2018

We propose a new, low-complexity solution to realize multi-input-bit gates acting on exponentially large superpositions in noise-based logic processors. Two examples are shown, the NOT gate and the CNOT gate. The operations can be executed and repeated with polynomial time and hardware complexity. The lack of a solution for this problem had been one of the major issues prohibiting the efficient realization of Shor’s algorithm by Instantaneous Noise-Based Logic, which runs on a classical Turing computer with a true random number generator. With the method described in this paper, we are one step closer to this goal.
Gravitational magnetic curves on 3D Riemannian manifolds
Authors: Körpınar Talat , Demirkol Ridvan Cem
Published: July 2018

In this paper, we study a special type of magnetic trajectories associated with a magnetic field [Formula: see text] defined on a 3D Riemannian manifold. First, we assume that we have a moving charged particle which is supposed to be under the action of a gravitational force [Formula: see text] in the magnetic field [Formula: see text] on the 3D Riemannian manifold. Then, we determine trajectories of the charged particle associated with the magnetic field [Formula: see text] and we define gravitational magnetic curves ([Formula: see text]-magnetic curves) of the magnetic vector field [Formula: see text] on the 3D Riemannian manifold. Finally, we investigate some geometrical and physical features of the moving charged particle corresponding to the [Formula: see text]-magnetic curve. Namely, we compute the energy, magnetic force, and uniformity of the [Formula: see text]-magnetic curve.
The construction of circular surfaces with quaternions
Authors: Çanakcı Zeynep , Oğulcan Tuncer O. , Gök İsmai̇l , Yaylı Yusuf
Published: July 2018

In this paper, we obtain equations of circular surfaces by using unit quaternions and express these surfaces in terms of homothetic motions. Furthermore, we introduce new roller coaster surfaces constructed by the spherical indicatrices of a spatial curve in Euclidean [Formula: see text]-space. Then, we express parametric equations of roller coaster surfaces by means of unit quaternions and orthogonal matrices corresponding to these quaternions. Moreover, we present some illustrated examples.
Non-Invasive Measurement of Cognitive Load and Stress Based on the Reflected Stress-Induced Vascular Response Index
Authors: Lyu Yongqiang , Zhang Xiao , Luo Xiaomin , Hu Ziyue , Zhang Jingyu , Shi Yuanchun
Published: July 2018

Measuring cognitive load and stress is crucial for ubiquitous human--computer interaction applications to dynamically understand and respond to the mental status of users, such as in smart healthcare, smart driving, and robotics. Various quantitative methods have been employed for this purpose, such as physiological and behavioral methods. However, the sensitivity, reliability, and usability are not satisfactory in many of the current methods, so they are not ideal for ubiquitous applications. In this study, we employed a reflected photoplethysmogram-based stress-induced vascular response index, i.e., the reflected sVRI (sVRI-r), to non-invasively measure the cognitive load and stress. This method has high usability as well as good sensitivity and reliability compared with the previously proposed transmitted sVRI (sVRI-t). We developed the basic methodology and detailed algorithm framework to validate the sVRI-r measurements, and it was implemented by employing two light sources, i.e., infrared light and green light. Compared with the simultaneously recorded blood pressure, heart rate variation, and sVRI-t, our findings demonstrated the greater potential of the sVRI-r for use as a sensitive, reliable, and usable parameter, as well as suggesting its potential integration with ubiquitous touch interactions for dynamic cognition and stress-sensing scenarios.
Consistently eventual
Authors: Helland Pat
Published: July 2018

For many data items, the work never settles on a value.
User-Click-Data-Based Fine-Grained Image Recognition via Weakly Supervised Metric Learning
Authors: Tan Min , Yu Jun , Yu Zhou , Gao Fei , Rui Yong , Tao Dacheng
Published: July 2018

We present a novel fine-grained image recognition framework using user click data, which can bridge the semantic gap in distinguishing categories that are similar in visual. As query set in click data is usually large-scale and redundant, we first propose a click-feature-based query-merging approach to merge queries with similar semantics and construct a compact click feature. Afterward, we utilize this compact click feature and convolutional neural network (CNN)-based deep visual feature to jointly represent an image. Finally, with the combined feature, we employ the metriclearning-based template-matching scheme for efficient recognition. Considering the heavy noise in the training data, we introduce a reliability variable to characterize the image reliability, and propose a weakly-supervised metric and template leaning with smooth assumption and click prior (WMTLSC) method to jointly learn the distance metric, object templates, and image reliability. Extensive experiments are conducted on a public Clickture-Dog dataset and our newly established Clickture-Bird dataset. It is shown that the click-data-based query merging helps generating a highly compact (the dimension is reduced to 0.9%) and dense click feature for images, which greatly improves the computational efficiency. Also, introducing this click feature into CNN feature further boosts the recognition accuracy. The proposed framework performs much better than previous state-of-the-arts in fine-grained recognition tasks.
Creating New Technologies for Companionable Agents to Support Isolated Older Adults
Authors: Sidner Candace L. , Bickmore Timothy , Nooraie Bahador , Rich Charles , Ring Lazlo , Shayganfar Mahni , Vardoulakis Laura
Published: July 2018

This article reports on the development of capabilities for (on-screen) virtual agents and robots to support isolated older adults in their homes. A real-time architecture was developed to use a virtual agent or a robot interchangeably to interact via dialog and gesture with a human user. Users could interact with either agent on 12 different activities, some of which included on-screen games, and forms to complete. The article reports on a pre-study that guided the choice of interaction activities. A month-long study with 44 adults between the ages of 55 and 91 assessed differences in the use of the robot and virtual agent.
Broadening the path for women in STEM
Authors: Shein Esther
Published: July 2018

Organizations work to address 'a notable absence of women in the field.'
A Survey on Content-Aware Image and Video Retargeting
Authors: Kiess Johannes , Kopf Stephan , Guthier Benjamin , Effelsberg Wolfgang
Published: July 2018

This survey introduces the current state of the art in image and video retargeting and describes important ideas and technologies that have influenced the recent work. Retargeting is the process of adapting an image or video from one screen resolution to another to fit different displays, for example, when watching a wide screen movie on a normal television screen or a mobile device. As there has been considerable work done in this field already, this survey provides an overview of the techniques. It is meant to be a starting point for new research in the field. We include explanations of basic terms and operators, as well as the basic workflow of the different methods.
Deadlock
Authors: Bainbridge William Sims
Published: July 2018

Upgraded with new instructions, my AI aims to debug its original programmer, along with his home planet.
Combining the tasklet model with OpenMP
Authors: Pinho Luis Miguel , Quiñones Eduardo , Royuela Sara
Published: July 2018

Previous workshops have discussed a proposal to augment Ada with fine-grained parallelism, based on the notion of tasklets, a lightweight parallel entity. Recent works have shown the convergence of this model with the OpenMP tasking model and have proposed their coexistence. In this paper we provide a status of the existent works, and describe how these models could be combined.
Position paper
Authors: Gregertsen Kristoffer Nyborg
Published: July 2018

This position paper briefly revises the clock support in the Ada programming language, including execution time clocks and timers for tasks and interrupts. It is argued that the standard library would benefit from a more coherent handling of clocks, in particular with in the lack of a shared interface for clocks and timers, and that better support for high-precision real time (TAI/UTC) should be provided.