bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Incidence and etiology of mortality in polytrauma patients: an analysis of material from Multitrauma Centre of the University Teaching Hospital no 1 in Szczecin, over a period of 3 years (2017-2019).
Authors: Ciechanowicz Dawid , Samojło Natalia , Kozłowski Jan , Pakulski Cezary , Żyluk Andrzej
Published: May 2020

The pattern of traumatic death is a subject of great interest in the worldwide literature. Most studies have aimed to improve trauma care and raise awareness of avoidable fatal complications. The objective of present study was an epidemiological and clinical analysis of causes of traumatic death of the patients treated in Multitrauma Centre of the University Teaching Hospital no 1 in Szczecin, over a period of 3 years (2017-2019). Material of the study comprised of medical data of 32 patients in a mean age of 63 years, who died following polytrauma injury. Time of death form admission to the Multitrauma Centre, primary cause of death, spectrum and sites of injuries, as well as method of treatment (operative or conservative) were variables considered in the analysis.
Results. The predominant mechanisms of injury were traffic accidents - 22 cases (69%) followed by falls from height 8 (25%) and other mechanism - 2 cases (6%). The most common primary cause of death was brain injury - 17 patients (53%) followed by pelvic or spine fractures - 5 (16%). The predominant constituents of polytrauma were bony injuries (pelvis, spine and limbs) - 28 cases (87%), followed by head injuries - 25 (78%), chest - 24 (75%) and abdominal injuries - 17 (53%). Eighteen patients (56%) required operative treatment; craniotomy for brain injuries was the most commonly performed - in 11 patients followed by laparotomy - in five. Five other patients underwent endovascular procedure - embolization of pelvic arteries. Twelve patients (38%) died in the first two days from admission to the trauma centre, five (16%) in the first week and 15 later than one week form admission.
Conclusions. Head injuries, pelvic fractures with associated retroperitoneal bleeding and severe injuries affecting several body parts were identified to be the most dangerous for polytrauma patients’ survival. A trend to decrease mortality due to haemorrhagic shock was observed, but it remains unchanged for central nervous system injuries.
Assessment of complications after laparoscopic surgery of kidney tumors using Clavien-Dindo classification
Authors: Kierstan Andrzej , Konecki Tomasz , Jabłonowski Zbigniew
Published: May 2020

Summary.

Introduction

Surgical procedures are accepted, basic method of treating kidney cancer.

Objective of the work

The aim of the study was to assess postoperative complications according to the Clavien-Dindo classification after laparoscopic procedures in the treatment of kidney cancer.

Material and methods

A retrospective study involved 112 patients. The research was based on the analysis of data from the medical records of the clinic and the documentation of the urological polyclinic. Classification of postoperative complications according to Clavien and Dindo in the operated patients were assessed on a 7-point scale.

Results

Less severe complications occurred in 24 patients (21.4%). All the above-mentioned complications were conservatively managed by the administration of drugs and blood transfusions. Grade IIIb complication occurred in one patient (0.9%) and required kidney removal.

Conclusions

The use of the Clavien - Dindo classification in the assessment of postoperative complications of laparoscopic renal procedures is a simple and objective diagnostic tool for the postoperative condition of patients.

Discussion

The assessment of postoperative complications is a generally accepted way to compare the results of surgical treatment, but it should be emphasized that the occurrence of intraoperative complications also affects the subsequent postoperative course of the operated person. For kidney surgery, there was no consensus on how to report it, resulting in a wide range of types and frequencies of complications reported. In addition, many different surgical techniques used in renal surgery and the continuous development of new ones require a standardized way of reporting complications to facilitate comparison. Criteria introduced by Clavien and Dindo surgeons have been used in everyday practice for many years as an objective method of accurate and comprehensive reporting of postoperative complications also after urological procedures
A MÚSICA SERTANEJA COMO REFLEXO DE TRANSFORMAÇÕES DOS LUGARES DE ESCUTA
Authors: Faria Luciana Carolina Fernandes , Silva João Pedro Turino
Published: May 2020

This article aims to analyze and compare Brazilian country music from different decades in order to identify which elements have been preserved, which have changed over time and the possible associations between these transformations and the increase in the urban population. For this, two country songs were selected, one from 1926 and the other from 2028, in order to identify which musical elements have been transformed and which have been preserved over the time and under the influence of the rural exodus process. Through bibliographic research, we found that our country has undergone through a significant urbanization, especially since the 1960s and this fact, aggravated by the influence of the cultural industry, caused changes in habits, actions and, consequently, caused changes in people's listening places; the wiretaps that were made and produced in the rural environment differ in many of the wiretaps that are made and produced in urban environments today. Such changes directly imply people's form of expression and artistic production. Through analytical research of the narrative and musical elements, this transformation of the listening places is evident, and demonstrates the culture, practices and concepts of two very diverse contexts (rural and urban). Listening places are produced by living beings and, in reciprocity, also produces them as beings; in this way, it becomes an important research object for the understanding of society today.
SINESTESIA, ARTE, CULTURA E TECNOLOGIA: IMPACTOS NA SOCIEDADE
Authors: Franceschini Sheila Regiane
Published: May 2020

The present work seeks to demonstrate that the phenomenon "synesthesia", as a multisensory phenomenon, with a wide variety of occurrences, is present in people's daily lives and is increasingly related to our way of living, enjoying goods and services, producing, creating, with support in supporting technological innovations o four time. These findings help us to conceive synesthesia as a phenomenon that affects society because it is inherent to human life, due to the creative capacity to solve elementary issues. The work is also a bibliographic survey that also seeks to understand how this phenomenon is related to culture, a dynamic concept that places the human being as an agent that transforms reality, among other aspects. To this end, we use the ideas ofsome important researchers on the subject as theoretical support to, by establishing reflections on them, to favor the understanding of the hybrid society in which we live, valuing Art as anessential activity.
A MINERAÇÃO BRASILEIRA À LUZ DOS OBJETIVOS DE DESENVOLVIMENTO SUSTENTÁVEL
Authors: Oliveira Gabriela Dias de , Morong Fábio Ferreira
Published: May 2020

This article has the scope of the way the process and the sustainability try to act in a united formfor the sustainabedevelopment, in a way to briefly present definitions towards the sustainable development goals (SDG). Futhermore, it demonstraits a wide comprehention of how the SDG and the brazilian mining activities interrelate harmonicly, besides explaining completly its negative effects, it trys to show the real contribution and potential of the mining sector in the sustainable development goals. This paper also observes the fulfillment of its effective implementation in the brazilian territory and in the world, as well as aspects related to the dam safaty, showing, how the how the fiscalization in this context, can be considered the primary element, influent and adpted to the SDG, and whatever way may be, enventually, be propost to reach this essential harmony betweenSDG and Mining. The mathod applied was the legal deductive, from this analysis of the national lesgisation and doctrine. Therefore it is pertinent the need of interrelate and harmony of sustainable methods conected to mining,changing how the companies use the mining resorces, changing it to sustainable actions in a way that makes the extrations of ores a less agressive activitie to the enviorment, using of all the tecnology and studies available to minimize and compreheend the impacts generated, economic investiments to social and educational purposes, thus being ONU’s SDG, indispensables way to reach the higly expected sustainable development in the mining activies areas of Brazil and the world.
POLÍTICAS PÚBLICAS EFICIENTES PARA O NOVO CORONAVÍRUS NO MUNDO
Authors: Bertoncello Alexandre Godinho
Published: May 2020

New Coronavirus (COVID 19) is a pandemic and, among its characteristics, two stand out: its morbidity above the average of viruses and its media capacity. In Brazil, the word “coronavirus”, between the 15th and 21st of March, reached the index 100 on a scale of0 to 100 on Google trends, in Italy it had an index of 64, in the United Kingdom 61, in the United Arab Emirates 52, in France 50, in the United States 48, in Singapore 31, in Sweden 19, in Japan 12, in South Korea 8 and, there are no data on China. The response to the pandemic was regional, each country or, in some cases, each state, province, and city reacted differently to the same challenge. This study looks at the effect of government actions in each country. In a quantitative analysis, using officialdata, it was verified the number of infected and deaths, the restrictions imposed and, at the same time, the effects of it on the level of economic activity in these countries, such as market values. In addition, it was investigated the correlation between effect and cause, in the first quarter of 2020, in the above countries. It was found a strong relation between quarantine and acute recessions, but not between quarantine and a decreased new Coronavirus progression. We conclude that there is a need for an in-depth debate about health systems, information shared between countries and the way COVID 19 could be seen in economic statistics for decades, as it happened with World War I, the Spanish flu and World War II, however, without the global demographic impact characteristic of these three events.
Mechanism of Thrombus Formation in Regard to Diet
Authors: Goto Shinya
Published: May 2020

The majority of diseases causing sudden death or sudden onset of serious restriction of quality of life are thrombotic disease. Myocardial infarction is often caused by thrombotic occlusion of coronary arterial branches. Ischemic stroke is also caused by occlusion of cerebral arteries with thrombi. In patients admitted to the hospital and immobility, venous thromboembolism causing pulmonary embolism is a major cause of death. The risk of cardiovascular events is influenced by food intake. Yet, the mechanism between specific food intake and the risk of thrombotic disease is still to be elucidated. Recent progress of computer and information technology allows us to describe complex biological phenomena such as thrombosis from basic principles of physics and chemistry. Coupling blood flow, platelet, coagulation, and fibrinolysis allows us to understand the contributing role of each factor for thrombus formation. Yet, the precise role of food intake to influence the risk of thrombosis is still to be elucidated. Coupling basic research and large-scale clinical research will further clarify the role of various types of food intake in the risk of thrombosis.
Tertiary level proficiency in ESP: Employer survey analysis
Authors: Jašková Jana , Šťastná Dagmar
Published: May 2020

One of the most topical issues in the field of teaching and learning English for Specific Purposes is the question whether tertiary students are able to succeed in mastering English as a foreign language effectively and subsequently to be competitive in the multicultural corporate sphere. The paper presents a study aimed at large employers and their requirements on university graduates’ language skills. The research was conducted in November 2018 within 12th JobChallenge Fair in Brno, Czech Republic, where large companies and businesses targeted students as their prospective employees. Following theoretical groundwork, a questionnaire was designed and distributed to representatives of 36 companies operating in engineering, information technology and economy. The aim of the survey was to identify the required language proficiency according to the Common European Framework of References for Languages as a model for describing knowledge levels. Findings show that most of the employers prefer graduates in junior positions with B2 level of English, specifically of both English for General Purposes and English for Specific Purposes. In addition, the analysis reveals a great demand for productive skills such as active participating in meetings, telephoning, business correspondence or presentation skills whereas receptive skills are considered to be less important.
Warm-up aktivity při výuce češtiny pro cizince na lékařských fakultách
Authors: Čermáková Iveta
Published: May 2020

Vzhledem k specifické povaze motivace cizojazyčných studentů medicíny při výuce češtiny je nezbytné účelně pracovat s warm-up aktivitami a dalšími postupy, které mohou kompenzovat absenci některých motivačních rysů. Příspěvek představuje konkrétní návrhy, jak s těmito aktivitami pracovat, a upozorňuje na nebezpečí, na která může učitel narazit. Tato rizika vyplývají z odlišného kulturního, vzdělávacího, sociálního a náboženského kontextu, ve kterém podstatná část studentů vyrostla. Příspěvek vycházející z autorčiny letité zkušenosti s výukou ukazuje, jak se zmíněným rizikům vyhnout a jak využít warm-up aktivity smysluplným a účelným způsobem.
Němčina v politice a diplomacii na Vysoké škole ekonomické
Authors: Nováková Eva
Published: May 2020

Článek seznamuje s výukou odborné němčiny zaměřené na oblast politiky a diplomacie na Vysoké škole ekonomické v Praze. Úvodem je představen systém jazykové výuky na Fakultě mezinárodních vztahů VŠE, bakalářský studijní program Mezinárodní studia – diplomacie a dva kurzy odborného jazyka určené pro tento program Němčina v mezinárodních studiích 1 a 2. Podstatnou část příspěvku tvoří prezentace základního učebního materiálu Politik und Diplomatie auf Deutsch, který byl pro tyto kurzy vytvořen, a především různých metodických postupů při práci s ním. Uvedené jsou také doplňkové formy výuky – práce s politickými aktualitami, televizními zprávami a autentickými mediálními texty – včetně opakování gramatiky a forem testování. Závěrem se konstatuje, že v kurzech určených pro studenty bakalářského programu Mezinárodní studia – diplomacie lze také v němčině jako druhém cizím jazyce pracovat s odborným jazykem na pokročilé úrovni a vhodnými strategiemi motivovat studenty k jeho osvojování a upevňování.
Slovenčina pre študentov medicíny
Authors: Durajka Radoslav
Published: May 2020

Autor predstavuje novú učebnicu pre zahraničných študentov medicíny „SLOVENČINA pre študentov medicíny“, jej koncepciu so zameraním na špecifiká vyučovania jazyka v nefilologickom odbore. Opisuje jednotlivé časti knihy, uvádza modifikované príklady gramatiky a zároveň upriamuje pozornosť na cieľ výučby – zvládnuť komunikáciu v bežnom živote, na univerzite, ale najmä v medicínskej praxi, preto tematicky čerpá najmä z tohto prostredia.
TrustUS: Cultural Influences on Ethical Decision Making
Authors: Fulmer Bachman , Fulmer Sarah , Ozer Zeynep Can ,   Neilson Journals Publishing
Published: May 2020

This case study focuses on how divergent cultural norms can impact ethical decisionmaking between a superior and subordinate in a high-pressure workplace. In order to ensure that today’s business students (and tomorrow’s business leaders) adhere to the highest standards of ethical conduct in an international and multicultural environment, it is imperative they recognize and respond appropriately to different cultural views of ethics. In the accompanying case, Jane, a Chinese national living and working in the United States, encounters multiple ethical dilemmas during her employment at TrustUS. Readers are introduced to important cultural factors that differ between Eastern and Western societies (such as Power Distance and Collectivism) and are asked to apply these concepts to gain insight into how cultural background might influence the ethical decision making of a professional in a managerial accounting context.
The Christmas Conundrum
Authors: Corbin Thomas , Braendle Udo ,   Neilson Journals Publishing
Published: May 2020

Often conflicts arises between stakeholders of a firm. Instances where one stakeholder’s needs conflict with the rights of other stakeholders can put managers in a precarious situation. Strict adherence to contract rules, for example, may be the absolute right of the firm but at the same time enforcement of that contractual right or rule may be unduly damaging to another stakeholder. Managers in these situations may seek to find a balancing act between the two conflicting sides in order to maintain the balance that prioritizes the competing and conflicting responsibilities. The following case study, based on an actual managerial decision in an industrial setting, seeks to bring the lessons of balancing competing interests into harmony, as best as possible, in order to pursue the survival and success of the enterprise while realizing that all stakeholders are vital to the said success and survival.
Individual behavioral type captured by a Bayesian model comparison of cap making by sponge crabs
Authors: Harada Keita , Hayashi Naoki , Kagaya Katsushi
Published: May 2020

‘Animal personality’ is considered to be developed through complex interactions of an individual with its surrounding environment. How can we quantify the ‘personality’ of an individual? Quantifying intra- and inter-individual variability of behavior, or individual behavioral type, appears to be a prerequisite in the study of animal personality. We propose a statistical method from a predictive point of view to measure the appropriateness of our assumption of ‘individual’ behavior in repeatedly measured behavioral data from several individuals. For a model case, we studied the sponge crabLauridromia dehaaniknown to make and carry a ‘cap’ from a natural sponge for camouflage. Because a cap is most likely to be rebuilt and replaced repeatedly, we hypothesized that each individual crab would grow a unique behavioral type and it would be observed under an experimentally controlled environmental condition. To test the hypothesis, we conducted behavioral experiments and employed a new Bayesian model-based comparison method to examine whether crabs have individual behavioral types in the cap making behavior. Crabs were given behavioral choices by using artificial sponges of three different sizes. We modeled the choice of sponges, size of the trimmed part of a cap, size of the cavity of a cap, and the latency to produce a cap, as random variables in 26 models, including hierarchical models specifying the behavioral types. In addition, we calculated the marginal-level widely applicable information criterion (mWAIC) values for hierarchical models to evaluate and compared them with the non-hierarchical models from the predictive point of view. As a result, the crabs of less than about 9 cm in size were found to make caps from the sponges. The body size explained the behavioral variables namely, choice, trimmed cap characteristics, and cavity size, but not latency. Furthermore, we captured the behavioral type as a probabilistic distribution structure of the behavioral data by comparing WAIC. Our statistical approach is not limited to behavioral data but is also applicable to physiological or morphological data when examining whether some group structure exists behind fluctuating empirical data.
Genome-wide identification and characterization of TCP family genes in Brassica juncea var. tumida
Authors: He Jing , He Xiaohong , Chang Pingan , Jiang Huaizhong , Gong Daping , Sun Quan
Published: May 2020

Background

Teosinte branched1/Cycloidea/proliferating cell factors (TCPs) are plant-specific transcription factors widely involved in leaf development, flowering, shoot branching, the circadian rhythm, hormone signaling, and stress responses. However, the TCP function in Brassica juncea var. tumida, the tumorous stem mustard, has not yet been reported. This study identified and characterized the entire TCP family members in B. juncea var. tumida.

Methods

We identified 62 BjTCP genes from the B. juncea var. tumida genome and analyzed their phylogenetic relationship, gene structure, protein motifs, chromosome location, and expression profile in different tissues.

Results

Of the 62 BjTCP genes we identified in B. juncea var. tumida, containing 34 class I and 28 class II subfamily members, 61 were distributed on 18 chromosomes. Gene structure and conserved motif analysis showed that the same clade genes displayed a similar exon/intron gene structure and conserved motifs. Cis-acting element results showed that the same clade genes also had a similar cis-acting element; however, subtle differences implied a different regulatory pathway. The BjTCP18s members were low-expressed in Dayejie strains and the unswelling stage of Yonganxiaoye strains. Treatment with gibberellin (GA) and salicylic acid (SA) showed that GA and SA affect the expression levels of multiple TCP genes.

Conclusion

We performed the first genome-wide analysis of the TCP gene family of B. juncea var. tumida. Our results have provided valuable information for understanding the classification and functions of TCP genes in B. juncea var. tumida.
A metagenomic approach in the evaluation of the soil microbiome in coffee plantations under organic and conventional production in tropical agroecosystems
Authors: Rodríguez Alejandra Cabrera- , Calzada Ricardo Trejo- , Peña Cristina García-De la , Ávila Jesús G. Arreola- , Reyna Erika Nava- , Paniagua Felipe Vaca- , Velásquez Clara Díaz- , Herrera César A. Meza-
Published: May 2020

The aim of this study was to determine the soil microbiome throughout mass sequencing in coffee plantations managed with either an organic (OAM; i.e., bio-fertilizers Azospirillum brasilense and Glomus intraradices) or a conventional (CAM; i.e., traditional NPK-fertilization) agronomic systems. Soil microbiome samples were collected in tropical eastern Mexico (Veracruz, 19°28’ N & 96° 52’ W), with annual average temperature and rainfall of 24.8° C, and 882.6 mm, respectively. Upon DNA soil-microbiome extraction, the V3-V4 16S rRNA region was amplified, and sequenced (Illumina). Results were analyzed with QIIME based on the EzBioCloud reference. Diverse phyla (n=16), classes (n=40), orders (n=90), families (n=135) and genera (n=333) were identified. The diversity index values were similar in both treatments, with Shannon's being 9.7 and Simpson's 0.99. While the phylum Proteobacteria was more abundant in CAM-soils and classified as copiotrophic, the phylum Acidobacteria was more abundant in OAM-soils and classified as oligotrophic. This classification may be related to the application of microorganisms and their effect on the soil´s state of organic matter and carbon fractions. Our research outcomes indicate that the application of bio-fertilizers promoted an increased presence of Acidobacteria, a phylum positively correlated with organic matter while significantly involved in carbon sequestration. Undisputable, metagenomics emerges as an interesting up-to-date genomic technology for unveiling the hidden content of the soil microbiome black box.
Quality changes during thermal processing of two mixed formulas of fruits and vegetables pulps
Authors: Gonçalves Elsa M. , Raposo Isa , Pinheiro Joaquina , Alegria Carla , Moldão Margarida , Abreu Marta
Published: May 2020

The present work aimed to evaluate, through thermal degradation kinetics (80 °C to 98 °C in time intervals of 0.5 to 25 min), the effects of different thermal treatments on the biochemical, physicochemical, sensory and microbiological parameters of two mixed fruit and vegetable pulps, a yellow and a red one. The evaluated fruit and vegetable pulps resulted from the mixture of different fruits and vegetables proportions (pineapple, beetroot, strawberry and lemon juice) added to a 50% (p/p) pear-based pulp to maximize their bioactivity, physicochemical stability and sensorial acceptance. Evaluated quality parameters included the determination of peroxidase activity (POD), pH, soluble solids content (SSC), total phenolic content (TPC), CIELab colour, sensory evaluation (colour, taste and aroma) and total mesophilic aerobic counts (TAPC). Regarding heat treatments optimization for both pulps with lower pH, it was concluded that higher temperature treatments (90 to 98 °C) applied over a shorter time (less than 5 min) were more effective to inactivate POD, to reduce the initial microbial load (>2 log10 cycles) and to maximize sensorial attributes. In both mix pulps, total phenolic content (TPC) was not significantly influenced by the different applied time-temperature binomials. From the degradation kinetic models and as an example, it was possible to conclude that POD followed a 1st order kinetic, where the temperature effect was well fitted to the Arrhenius equation. The results allowed to obtain optimized time-temperature binomials for each pulp to simultaneously achieve POD enzyme inactivation, microbial reduction, and maximization of quality parameters relatively to fresh pulps, 90 °C/5 min and 98 °C/2.5 min, for the yellow pulp and red pulp, respectively.
Occupational health responses to COVID-19: What lessons can we learn from SARS?
Authors: Koh David , Goh Hui Poh
Published: May 2020

On 31 December 2019, the World Health Organization (WHO) received reports of pneumonia cases of unknown etiology in the city of Wuhan in Hubei Province, China. The agent responsible was subsequently identified as a coronavirus—SARS-CoV-2. The WHO declared this disease as a Public Health Emergency of International Concern at the end of January 2020.

This event evoked a sense of déjà vu, as it has many similarities to the outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) of 2002-2003. Both illnesses were caused by a zoonotic novel coronavirus, both originated during winter in China and both spread rapidly all over the world. However, the case-fatality rate of SARS (9.6%) is higher than that of COVID-19 (<4%). Another zoonotic novel coronavirus, MERS-CoV, was responsible for the Middle East respiratory syndrome, which had a case-fatality rate of 34%.

Our experiences in coping with the previous coronavirus outbreaks have better equipped us to face the challenges posed by COVID-19, especially in the health care setting. Among the insights gained from the past outbreaks were: outbreaks caused by viruses are hazardous to healthcare workers; the impact of the disease extends beyond the infection; general principles of prevention and control are effective in containing the disease; the disease poses both a public health as well as an occupational health threat; and emerging infectious diseases pose a continuing threat to the world. Given the perspectives gained and lessons learnt from these past events, we should be better prepared to face the current COVID-19 outbreak.
De Novo Status Epilepticus in patients with COVID‐19
Authors: Somani Sana , Pati Sandipan , Gaston Tyler , Chitlangia Alissa , Agnihotri Shruti
Published: May 2020

Neurological complications are increasingly recognized with SARS‐CoV‐2, the causative pathogen for COVID‐19. We present a single‐center retrospective case series reporting the EEG and outcome of de novo status epilepticus (SE) in two African‐American women with laboratory‐confirmed SARS‐CoV‐2 virus. SE was the initial presentation in one asymptomatic individual. Patient 2 had COVID‐19 pneumonia, and fluctuating mental status that raised the suspicion of subclinical SE. The patient with older age and higher comorbidities failed to recover from the viral illness that has no definitive treatment.
Efficient and Long Lived Green Light‐Emitting Electrochemical Cells
Authors: Namanga Jude E. , Pei Hanwen , Bousrez Guillaume , Mallick Bert , Smetana Volodymyr , Gerlitzki Niels , Mudring Anja‐Verena
Published: May 2020

The combination of high efficiencies and long lifetime in a single light‐emitting electrochemical cell (LEC) device remain a major problem in LEC technology, preventing its application in commercial lighting devices. Three green light‐emitting cationic iridium‐based complexes of the general composition [Ir(C^N)2(N^N)][PF6] with 4‐Fppy (2‐(4‐fluorophenyl)pyridinato) as the cyclometalating C^N ligand and 1,10‐phenanthroline (1), 4,7‐diphenyl‐1,10‐phenanthroline (bathophenanthroline, bphen, 2), and 2,9‐dimethyl‐4,7‐diphenyl‐1,10‐phenanthroline (bathocuprione, dmbphen, 3) as ancillary N^N ligands are synthesized and characterized. Computational studies are carried out in order to compare the electronic structure of the three ionic transition metal complexes (iTMCs) and provide insights into their potential as LEC emitter materials. LECs are then fabricated with complexes 1–3. Driven under a pulsed current, they display a high luminance and current and power efficiencies. As the LEC based on complex 2 displays the overall best device performance, including the longest lifetime of 474 h, it is selected for subsequent driving conditions optimization. An extraordinary power efficiency of 25 lm W−1 and current efficiency of 30 cd A−1 are achieved under optimized operation conditions with reduced current density, resulting in a long device lifetime of 720 h. Altogether, ligand design in iTMCs and optimization of the device driving conditions leads to a significant improvement in LEC performance.
Redirected Zn Electrodeposition by an Anti‐Corrosion Elastic Constraint for Highly Reversible Zn Anodes
Authors: Zhao Ruirui , Yang Ying , Liu Ganxiong , Zhu Renjie , Huang Jingbo , Chen Zhiyuan , Gao Zhonghui , Chen Xiao , Qie Long
Published: May 2020

With advantages such as high theoretical capacity, low cost, and nontoxicity, Zn metal has been widely investigated as an anode for aqueous batteries. However, the problems of dendrite formation and sustained corrosion originating from severe interfacial side reactions and uncontrolled Zn electrodeposition in aqueous electrolytes significantly slows down the practical application of Zn metal anodes. To address these issues, herein, an anti‐corrosion elastic constraint (AEC) is introduced that is built with nanosized TiO2 and polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) matrix to Zn anode, where the PVDF layer serves as an elastic H2O/O2‐blocking layer and the decorated TiO2 nanoparticles assist uniform Zn electrodeposition. With this corrosion‐inhibition and electrodeposition‐redirection coating, the electrodeposition consistency and thermodynamic stability of the Zn anode are significantly improved, enabling a long‐term stable plating/stripping performance for 2000 h with an ultralow overpotential (<50 mV) and a high average Coulombic efficiency (>99.4%) for 1000 cycles without obvious dendrite formation. Even at a high current density of 8.85 mA cm−2 with limited Zn supply (DODZn = 60%), stable Zn deposition is achieved over 250 h. When coupled with a MnO2 cathode, the AEC‐Zn anode shows a remarkably enhanced full‐cell cycling stability, indicative of high reliability of aqueous Zn batteries for practical application.
Achieving Stable Cycling of LiCoO2 at 4.6 V by Multilayer Surface Modification
Authors: Cheng Tao , Ma Zhongtao , Qian Ruicheng , Wang Yeting , Cheng Qin , Lyu Yingchun , Nie Anmin , Guo Bingkun
Published: May 2020

LiCoO2, which was first proposed as a cathode in 1980 by Prof. John B. Goodenough, is still one of the most popular commercial cathodes for lithium‐ion batteries. Tremendous efforts have been invested in increasing the capacity of LiCoO2 by charging to high voltage. However, a series of issues, such as structural instability and dramatic side reactions with electrolytes, can emerge as cut‐off voltage above 4.5 V (vs Li/Li+). Here, a surface modification strategy with a multilayer structure is provided, involving a Zn‐rich surface coating layer, rock‐salt phase buffer layer and surface gradient Al doping layer, to overcome the detrimental issues and achieve stable cycling of LiCoO2 at 4.6 V. The complete coating of the modification layer restrains the interfacial side reactions with electrolyte and inhibits the impedance growth. The phenomenon of quasi‐epitaxial growth demonstrates that the multilayer structure significantly reduces the lattice mismatch between host LiCoO2 and surface coating layer and enhances the stability of the Zn‐rich outside layer, which promote the long‐term effectiveness of the modification. Furthermore, the disordered rock‐salt phase layer and Al surface doping also enhance the structural stability. All of these synergistically lead to the stable cycling of LiCoO2 at 4.6 V with a capacity retention of 65.7% after 500 cycles.
Going with the Flow: Tunable Flow‐Induced Polymer Mechanochemistry
Authors: Willis‐Fox Niamh , Rognin Etienne , Baumann Christoph , Aljohani Talal A. , Göstl Robert , Daly Ronan
Published: May 2020

Mechanical forces can drive chemical transformations in polymers, directing reactions along otherwise inaccessible pathways, providing exciting possibilities for developing smart, responsive materials. The state‐of‐the‐art test for solution‐based polymer mechanochemistry development is ultrasonication. However, this does not accurately model the forces that will be applied during device fabrication using processes such as 3D printing or spray coating. Here, a step is taken toward predictably translating mechanochemistry from molecular design to manufacturing by demonstrating a highly controlled nozzle flow setup in which the shear forces being delivered are precisely tuned. The results show that solvent viscosity, fluid strain rate, and the nature of the breaking bond can be individually studied. Importantly, it is shown that the influence of each is different to that suggested by ultrasonication (altered quantity of chain breakage and critical polymer chain length). Significant development is presented in the understanding of polymer bond breakage during manufacturing flows to help guide design of active components that trigger on demand. Using an anthracene‐based mechanophore, the triggering of a fluorescence turn‐on is demonstrated through careful selection of the flow parameters. This work opens the avenue for programmed chemical transformations during inline manufacturing processes leading to tunable, heterogeneous final products from a single source material.
A Rapid and Ultrasensitive Thrombin Biosensor Based on a Rationally Designed Trifunctional Protein
Authors: Zhang Huayue , Yang Lu , Zhu Xiaqing , Wang Yanyan , Yang Haitao , Wang Zefang
Published: May 2020

Rapid and sensitive detection of thrombin is imperative for the early diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of thrombin‐related diseases. Here, an ultrasensitive and rapid thrombin biosensor is developed based on rationally designed trifunctional protein HTs, comprising three functional units, including a far‐red fluorescent protein smURFP, hydrophobin HGFI, and a thrombin cleavage site (TCS). smURFP is used as a detection signal to eliminate any interference from the autofluorescence of sample matrix to increase detection sensitivity. HGFI serve as an adhesive unit to allow rapid immobilization of HTs on a multiwall plate. The TCS linking HGFI and smURFP function as a sensing element to recognize and detect thrombin. HTs immobilization is symmetrically optimized and characterized. Thrombin assay reveals the specific recognition of active thrombin in samples and the hydrolysis of the immobilized HTs, resulting in a decrease in the fluorescence intensity of the sample in a thrombin concentration‐dependent manner. The limit of detection (LOD) is as low as 0.2 am in the serum. To the authors’ knowledge, this is the lowest LOD ever reported for any thrombin biosensor. This study sheds light on the engineering of multifunctional proteins for biosensing.
Hydrogen‐Substituted Graphdiyne Ion Tunnels Directing Concentration Redistribution for Commercial‐Grade Dendrite‐Free Zinc Anodes
Authors: Yang Qi , Guo Ying , Yan Boxun , Wang Changda , Liu Zhuoxin , Huang Zhaodong , Wang Yukun , Li Yiran , Li Hongfei , Song Li , Fan Jun , Zhi Chunyi
Published: May 2020

Current aqueous Zn batteries (ZBs) seriously suffer from dendrite issues caused by rough electrode surfaces. Despite significant efforts in prolonging lifespan of these batteries, little effort has been devoted to dendrite elimination in commercial‐grade cathode loading mass. Instead, demonstrations have only been done at the laboratory level (≤2 mg cm−2). Additionally, new dilemmas regarding change of the proton‐storage behavior and interface pulverization have emerged in turn. Herein, hydrogen‐substituted graphdiyne (HsGDY), with sub‐ångström level ion tunnels and robust chemical stability, is designed as an artificial interface layer to address these issues. This strategy prolongs the symmetric cell lifespan to >2400 h (100 days), which is 37 times larger than without protection (63 h). The simulation of dual fields reveals that HsGDY can redistribute the Zn2+ concentration field by spatially forcing Zn2+ to deviate from the irregular electric field. During practical use, the as‐assembled full batteries deliver a long lifespan 50 000 cycles and remain stable even at a commercial‐grade cathode loading mass of up to 22.95 mg cm−2. This HsGDY‐protection methodology represents great progress in Zn dendrite protection and demonstrates enormous potential in metal batteries.
Biomimetic Multiscale Hierarchical Topography Enhances Osteogenic Differentiation of Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells
Authors: Yang Liangliang , Ge Lu , Zhou Qihui , Mokabber Taraneh , Pei Yutao , Bron Reinier , van Rijn Patrick
Published: May 2020

The interface between materials and cells plays a critical role in many biomedical applications. Inspired by the hierarchical architecture of collagen, most abundant structure in the extracellular matrix (ECM), a multiscale hierarchical topography is designed to mimic the collagen nano/micro hierarchical topography. It is hypothesized that the ECM topography affects osteogenesis of human mesenchymal stem cells but until now, it cannot be studied without the biochemical and mechanical influences of the ECM. The multiscale hierarchical topography is achieved by innovatively using sequentially aligned topography preparation via a silicone stretch‐oxidation‐release method and imprinting lithography. The anisotropically hierarchical topography influences stem cell morphology, orientation, and osteogenic differentiation. Intriguingly, the design resembling that of assembled collagen, exhibits the highest degree of osteogenesis. The hierarchical topotaxis effects are further exemplified by the enhanced vinculin expression, cell contractility, and more pronounced nuclear translocation of Yes‐associated protein with the collagen‐mimicking topography, indicative for enhanced osteogenesis. The developed multiscale hierarchical system provides insights into the importance of specific biological ECM‐like topography by decoupling the biochemical influence. Various diseases, cancer, osteoarthritis, and fibrosis display impaired ECM structures, and therefore this system may have a great potential for tissue engineering approaches and developing in vitro disease models.
Structure and Nonequilibrium Heat‐Transfer of a Physisorbed Molecular Layer on Graphene
Authors: Wit Bareld , Bunjes Ole , Wenderoth Martin , Ropers Claus
Published: May 2020

The structure of a physisorbed sub‐monolayer of 1,2‐bis(4‐pyridyl)ethylene (bpe) on epitaxial graphene is investigated by low‐energy electron diffraction and scanning tunneling microscopy. Additionally, nonequilibrium heat‐transfer between bpe and the surface is studied by ultrafast low‐energy electron diffraction. Bpe arranges in an oblique unit cell which is not commensurate with the substrate. Six different rotational and/or mirror domains, in which the molecular unit cell is rotated by 28 ± 0.1° with respect to the graphene surface, are identified. The molecules are weakly physisorbed, as evidenced by the fact that they readily desorb at room temperature. At liquid nitrogen temperature, however, the layers are stable and time‐resolved experiments can be performed. The temperature changes of the molecules and the surface can be measured independently through the Debye–Waller factor of their individual diffraction features. Thus, the heat flow between bpe and the surface can be monitored on a picosecond timescale. The time‐resolved measurements, in combination with model simulations, show the existence of three relevant thermal barriers between the different layers. The thermal boundary resistance between the molecular layer and graphene is found to be 2 ± 1 × 10−8 K m2 W−1.
Stretchable and High‐Adhesive Plasmonic Metasheet Using Al Subwavelength Grating Embedded in an Elastomer Nanosheet
Authors: Kumagai Hayato , Fujie Toshinori , Sawada Kazuaki , Takahashi Kazuhiro
Published: May 2020

Plasmonic metasurfaces have attracted much attention for use in device applications over the past decade. Dynamic color tuning (DCT), where the displacement of periodic nanostructures is controlled to generate different colors in real time, is one of the great possibilities of plasmonic metasurfaces for optical strain sensors or display devices. In this study, an Al metasurface embedded in an elastomer nanosheet with film thickness 400 nm is fabricated by means of sacrificial release using a polyvinyl alcohol sacrificial layer. This plasmonic metasheet shows not only the seven colors produced by surface plasmons, but also DCT by stretching the elastomer nanosheet. Each pixel, designed with a grating period of 300–600 nm, emits the bright colors expected in electromagnetic simulation. Moreover, stretching the plasmonic metasheet demonstrates DCT from 495 to 660 nm in the visible light range. The freestanding metasheet with maximum thickness 400 nm may be easily integrated into any active device by post‐processing transfer. Stretching the metasheet requires an estimated × 10−3 lower force than previously reported for plasmonic metasurfaces, owing to a film thickness of only several hundreds of nanometers. These results facilitate the realization of microdevices with novel capabilities based on plasmonic metamaterials.
Strategically Modulating Carriers and Excitons for Efficient and Stable Ultrapure‐Green Fluorescent OLEDs with a Sterically Hindered BODIPY Dopant
Authors: Song Xiaozeng , Zhang Dongdong , Zhang Yuewei , Lu Yang , Duan Lian
Published: May 2020

Ultrapure colors are vital for displays to obtain the highly desired wide color‐gamut. Till now, only boron‐dipyrromethene derivatives (BODIPYs) have demonstrated ultrapure full‐colors but suffer from low excitons utilization efficiency as dopants in organic light‐emitting diodes. It is proposed here that with a thermally activated delayed fluorophore to sensitize BODIPYs, all excitons can be recycled, which, still, is challenged by exciton loss through Dexter energy transfer (DET) from sensitizer to dopant and direct charge trapping on BODIPYs. Hence, a sterically hindered BODIPY‐type dopant with a bulk substituent on the meso‐position is developed to suppress DET, exhibiting a high photo‐luminance quantum yield of 98% and a small full width at half maximum of 28 nm. Moreover, the device structure is elaborately designed, successfully modulating carriers and excitons to avoid charge trapping on dopant and also trigger multiple‐sensitizing processes to reduce exciton loss. Consequently, a state‐of‐the‐art maximum external quantum efficiency/power efficiency of 19.0%/85.7 lm W−1 are realized together with an ultrapure‐green emission of Commission Internationale de l'Eclairage coordinates of (0.26, 0.67) and a long half‐lifetime of 2947 h at an initial luminance of 1000 cd m−2.
New Class of Ni‐Rich Cathode Materials Li[NixCoyB1−x−y]O2 for Next Lithium Batteries
Authors: Ryu Hoon‐Hee , Park Nam‐Yung , Yoon Dae Ro , Kim Un‐Hyuck , Yoon Chong S. , Sun Yang‐Kook
Published: May 2020

A new class of layered cathodes, Li[NixCoyB1−x−y]O2 (NCB), is synthesized. The proposed NCB cathodes have a unique microstructure in which elongated primary particles are tightly packed into spherical secondary particles. The cathodes also exhibit a strong crystallographic texture in which the a–b layer planes are aligned along the radial direction, facilitating Li migration. The microstructure, which effectively suppresses the formation of microcracks, improves the cycling stability of the NCB cathodes. The NCB cathode with 1.5 mol% B delivers a discharge capacity of 234 mAh g−1 at 0.1 C and retains 91.2% of its initial capacity after 100 cycles (compared to values of 229 mAh g−1 at 0.1 C and 78.8% for pristine Li[Ni0.9Co0.1]O2). This study shows the importance of controlling the microstructure to obtain the required cycling stability, especially for Ni‐rich layered cathodes, where the main cause of capacity fading is related to mechanical strain in their charged state.
Engagement and Workplace Satisfaction of Emergency Medicine Faculty in the United States
Authors: Lucas Raymond , Dandar Valerie , Scott James
Published: May 2020

Objectives

The objective was to determine the drivers of workplace satisfaction and attrition for emergency medicine (EM) faculty in U.S. medical schools.

Methods

Dimensions of workplace satisfaction measured in the Association of American Medical Colleges StandPoint Faculty Engagement Survey from 36 U.S. Liaison Committee on Medical Accreditation–accredited medical schools were analyzed by multiple regression analysis to determine the factors associated with overall workplace satisfaction and intention to leave. These were compared to faculty from non‐EM clinical departments.

Results

In total, 737 EM faculty (response rate 66%) completed the survey. Over 50% of EM faculty are less than 45 years old, of junior rank, and on a nontenure track, different than non‐EM colleagues. Overall satisfaction with one's department as a place to work was 76% and one's medical school as a place to work was 69%, similar to other clinical faculty. Overall satisfaction is 87% for EM faculty with a formal mentor compared to 68% for those who do not. One's nature of work, departmental governance, collegiality and collaboration, and the clinical practice environment are significant factors in overall workplace satisfaction. EM faculty spend significantly more time on teaching and administrative tasks and less time on research than non‐EM faculty. Overall functioning of the ED and ability to provide high‐quality care in their practice environment is lower for EM than non‐EM faculty. Survey dimensions were poor predictors of intention to leave.

Conclusions

Overall EM faculty have high workplace satisfaction similar to other specialties. Ensuring strong departmental leadership, improving the clinical practice environment, and increasing access to a formal mentor may be effective strategies to improve workplace satisfaction for EM faculty.