bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Exploration of Chiral Organic–Inorganic Hybrid Semiconducting Lead Halides
Authors: Peng Yu , Yao Yunpeng , Li Lina , Liu Xitao , Zhang Xinyuan , Wu Zhenyue , Wang Sasa , Ji Chengmin , Zhang Weichuan , Luo Junhua
Published: May 2019

Organic–inorganic lead halides have recently emerged as promising alternatives to conventional optoelectronic materials, considering their intriguing physical properties. However, organic–inorganic lead halides featuring chirality are seldom explored. Here, a pair of enantiomorphic organic–inorganic hybrid semiconducting lead halides, (R‐C5H14N2)PbBr4 (1R) and (S‐C5H14N2)PbBr4 (2S), were successfully obtained with the templating of chiral amines. These compounds adopt distinct one‐dimensional infinite quantum helices formed by edge‐shared transformative lead bromide octahedra. Notably, 1R and 2S present mirror circular dichroism (CD) signals due to the chirality transfer of the enantiopure amines. Furthermore, 1R and 2S exhibit phase‐matchable quadratic nonlinear response and typical semiconducting behaviours. This work highlights the potential of lead halides as a new kind of chiral semiconducting materials in spintronic and chiral optical applications.
Light‐Induced Patterned Self‐Assembly Behavior of Isotropic Semiconductor Nanomotors
Authors: Zhou Dekai , Gao Yuan , Liu He , Zhang Guangyu , Li Longqiu
Published: May 2019

The self‐assembly of nanomotors is important for the production of materials with functional optical, mechanical and conductive properties. Yet, self‐assembly methods are limited by their slow kinetics and limited scale. Here we report a light‐induced method that yields a large‐scale predefined pattern constructed by self‐organization of nanomotors. The propulsion mechanism has been analyzed to create a matched experimental device, and numerical simulations are used to explore the dynamic energy‐conversion processes. We propose a sizable template fabricating method, which paves the way for new possibilities in surface science.
Liposomal Antitumor Vaccines Targeting Mucin 1 Elicit a Lipid‐Dependent Immunodominant Response
Authors: Du Jing‐Jing , Zou Shi‐Yao , Chen Xiang‐Zhao , Xu Wen‐Bo , Wang Chang‐Wei , Zhang Lian , Tang Yuan‐Kai , Zhou Shi‐Hao , Wang Jian , Yin Xu‐Guang , Gao Xiao‐Fei , Liu Zheng , Guo Jun
Published: May 2019

The tumor‐associated antigen mucin 1 (MUC1) has been pursued as an attractive target for cancer immunotherapy, but the poor immunogenicity of the endogenous antigen hinders the development of vaccines capable of inducing effective anti‐MUC1 immunodominant responses. Herein, we prepared synthetic anti‐MUC1 vaccines in which the hydrophilic MUC1 antigen was N‐terminally conjugated to one or two palmitoyl lipid chains (to form amphiphilic Pam‐MUC1 or Pam2‐MUC1). These amphiphilic lipid‐tailed MUC1 antigens were self‐assembled into liposomes containing the NKT cell agonist αGalCer as an adjuvant. The lipid‐conjugated antigens reshaped the physical and morphological properties of liposomal vaccines. Promising results showed that the anti‐MUC1 IgG antibody titers induced by the Pam2‐MUC1 vaccine were more than 30‐ and 190‐fold higher than those induced by the Pam‐MUC1 vaccine and the MUC1 vaccine without lipid tails, respectively. Similarly, vaccines with the TLR1/2 agonist Pam3CSK4 as an adjuvant also induced conjugated lipid‐dependent immunological responses. Moreover, vaccines with the αGalCer adjuvant induced significantly higher titers of IgG antibodies than vaccines with the Pam3CSK4 adjuvant. Therefore, the non‐covalent assembly of the amphiphilic lipo‐MUC1 antigen and the NKT cell agonist αGalCer as a glycolipid adjuvant represent a synthetically simple but immunologically effective approach for the development of anti‐MUC1 cancer vaccines.
Techno‐economic analysis of 1,4‐butanediol production by a single‐step bioconversion process
Authors: Satam Chinmay C. , Daub Manuel , Realff Matthew J.
Published: May 2019

1,4‐Butanediol (1,4‐BDO) is one of the most important intermediate chemicals that is mainly produced using petrochemical routes. Recently, the route to 1,4‐BDO from corn‐based dextrose by single‐step bioconversion has been commercialized. This paper analyzes the bio‐based production route to 1,4‐BDO and establishes the major capital and operating costs associated with production. Bioconversion was found to be the major capital cost component while the hydraulic load from bioconversion and other systems like membrane filtration was found to be the major operating cost component. The process was found to be economically feasible with a minimum sales price (MSP) of 1,4‐BDO of $1.82/kg as compared to a market price of $2.5/kg. In addition, a mechanical vapor recompression scheme for the evaporator benefitted the process, increasing energy efficiency and therefore cost effectiveness. In general, improvements that enable the reduction of hydraulic loads lower the MSP of 1,4‐BDO. The most dramatic cost savings are seen when bioconversion titers are increased. When the bioconversion titers are doubled to 280 g L−1, a 45% reduction in MSP is seen with respect to the baseline process. A sensitivity analysis shows that process is sensitive to feedstock prices but not sensitive to energy prices. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
OEIS complex: Prevalence, clinical, and epidemiologic findings in a multicenter Mexican birth defects surveillance program
Authors: Arteaga‐Vázquez Jazmín , Luna‐Muñoz Leonora , Morales‐Suárez Juan José , Mutchinick Osvaldo M.
Published: May 2019

OEIS is the acronym of a malformations complex association including omphalocele, exstrophy of bladder or cloaca, imperforate anus, and spinal defects. It has a very low prevalence, ranging from 1/82,000 to 1/200,000 live births (LB). The etiology of OEIS is unknown. Virtually all cases are sporadic, and specific associated risk factors uncertain.

Objectives

This study aimed to determine the prevalence, clinical spectrum, possible early pregnancy exposures, and demographic characteristics as potentially associated risk factors in a sample of Mexican cases.

Methods

We conducted a multihospital based case–control study on 12 cases with the OEIS complex identified in 1,195,020 LB born from January 1978 to December 2015. All comparisons performed were matching 1:3 the relation of cases and controls, respectively, considering the p‐value of ≤.05 as statistically significant.

Results

The prevalence of OEIS was 1.004/100,000 (1/99,585) LB. The frequency of bladder/cloacal exstrophy was 75 and 25%, respectively, omphalocele was 83.3%, and imperforate anus and spinal defects, 75.0% each. Two pairs of twins discordant for the defect exhibited the severest OEIS phenotype. Except for the higher frequency of maternal first pregnancy trimester influenza infection, early perinatal mortality and a twining trend association, none other variable differed significantly.

Discussion

The prevalence of OEIS in our sample is within the highest reported worldwide. First‐trimester pregnancy maternal influenza infection and twining emerge as associated risk factors for OEIS. Although twin zygosity was not defined, the observed severest phenotypes in twins endorse the hypothesis that OEIS and monozygotic twinning are features of disturbances on early blastogenesis.
Development of a CRISPR/Cas9 system for high efficiency multiplexed gene deletion in Rhodosporidium toruloides
Authors: Schultz J. Carl , Cao Mingfeng , Zhao Huimin
Published: May 2019

The oleaginous yeast Rhodosporidium toruloides is considered a promising candidate for production of chemicals and biofuels thanks to its ability to grow on lignocellulosic biomass, and its high production of lipids and carotenoids. However, efforts to engineer this organism are hindered by a lack of suitable genetic tools. Here we report the development of a CRISPR/Cas9 system for genome editing in R. toruloides based on a fusion 5S rRNA–tRNA promoter for guide RNA (gRNA) expression, capable of greater than 95% gene knockout for various genetic targets. Additionally, multiplexed double‐gene knockout mutants were obtained using this method with an efficiency of 78%. This tool can be used to accelerate future metabolic engineering work in this yeast.
Alkane and wax ester production from lignin‐related aromatic compounds
Authors: Salmela Milla , Lehtinen Tapio , Efimova Elena , Santala Suvi , Santala Ville
Published: May 2019

Lignin has potential as a sustainable feedstock for microbial production of industrially relevant molecules. However, the required lignin depolymerization yields a heterogenic mixture of aromatic monomers that are challenging substrates for the microorganisms commonly used in the industry. Here, we investigated the properties of lignin‐related aromatic compounds (LRAs), namely coumarate, ferulate, and caffeate, in the synthesis of biomass and products in an LRA‐utilizing bacterial host Acinetobacter baylyi ADP1. The biosynthesis products, wax esters, and alkanes are relevant compounds for the chemical and fuel industries. Here, wax esters were produced by a native pathway of ADP1, whereas alkanes were produced by a synthetic pathway introduced to the host. Using individual LRAs as substrates, the growth and product formation were monitored with internal biosensors and off‐line analytics. Of the tested LRAs, coumarate was the most propitious in terms of product synthesis. Wax esters were produced from coumarate with yield and titer of 37 mg/gcoumarate and 202 mg/L, whereas alkanes were produced with a yield of 62.3 µg /gcoumarate and titer of 152 µg/L. This study demonstrates the microbial preference for certain LRAs and highlights the potential of A. baylyi ADP1 as a host for LRA upgrading to value‐added products.
Stabilization and scale‐up of photosynthesis‐driven ω‐hydroxylation of nonanoic acid methyl ester by two‐liquid phase whole‐cell biocatalysis
Authors: Hoschek Anna , Bühler Bruno , Schmid Andreas
Published: May 2019

Photoautotrophic organisms are promising hosts for biocatalytic oxyfunctionalizations because they supply reduction equivalents as well as O2 via photosynthetic water oxidation. Thus far, research on photosynthesis‐driven bioprocesses mainly focuses on strain development and the proof of principle in small‐scale biocatalytic reaction setups. This study investigates the long‐term applicability of the previously developed cyanobacterial strain Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803_BGT harboring the alkane monooxygenase system AlkBGT catalyzing terminal alkyl group oxyfunctionalization. For the regiospecific ω‐hydroxylation of nonanoic acid methyl ester (NAME), this biocatalyst showed light intensity‐independent hydroxylation activity and substantial hydrolysis of NAME to nonanoic acid. Substrate mass transfer limitation, substrate hydrolysis, as well as reactant toxicity were overcome via in situ substrate supply by means of a two‐liquid phase system. The application of diisononyl phthalate as organic carrier solvent enabled 1.7‐fold increased initial specific activities (5.6 ± 0.1 U/gCDW) and 7.6‐fold increased specific yields on biomass (3.8 ± 0.1 mmolH‐NAME/gCDW) as compared with single aqueous phase biotransformations. Finally, the whole‐cell biotransformation system was successfully scaled from glass tubes to a stirred‐tank photobioreactor. This is the first study reporting the application of the two‐liquid phase concept for efficient phototrophic whole‐cell biocatalysis.
A Nonfullerene Acceptor Containing Rhodanine and Barbituric Acid End Groups for Use in Organic Photovoltaic Devices
Authors: Lim Eunhee
Published: May 2019

We synthesized a rod‐shaped asymmetric bithiophene‐based nonfullerene small‐molecule acceptor, ORH‐T2‐OBAR, for organic photovoltaic (OPV) cells. Electron‐withdrawing rhodanine (RH) and barbituric acid (BAR) dye groups with long octyl side chains were asymmetrically introduced at either end. ORH‐T2‐OBAR exhibits thermal stability and solubility sufficient for fabricating OPVs. A blue‐shifted absorption maximum at 440 nm and H‐type aggregation are observed in the ORH‐T2‐OBAR film compared with ORH‐T2‐OBAR in solution. ORH‐T2‐OBAR has the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) and highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) energy levels as low as −3.63 eV and −5.81 eV, respectively, leading to sufficient energy offsets with the PTB7‐Th polymer donor (LUMO = −3.19 eV, HOMO = −5.23 eV) to achieve exciton dissociation. Lastly, an inverted as‐cast device fabricated with PTB7‐Th and ORH‐T2‐OBAR as a donor and an acceptor, respectively, displayed a power conversion efficiency of 0.91%, an open‐circuit voltage of 0.81 V, and an energy loss of 0.78 eV.
Identification and structural characterization of febuxostat metabolites in rat serum and urine samples using UHPLC–QTOF/MS
Authors: Zhou Liping , Liu Hexiang , Xu Zhongyong , Guan Su , Zhang Lei
Published: May 2019

Febuxostat is a novel nonpurine type of highly selective xanthine oxidoreductase inhibitor. A rapid and sensitive ultra‐high‐performance liquid chromatography–quadrupole time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry method for simultaneous separation and determination of febuxostat and its metabolites in rat serum and urine was developed at various time points after oral administration to the rats. The febuxostat metabolites were predicted by biotransformation software and transformed to a personal compound database to quickly determine the possible metabolites from the MS1 data. The possibility of the MS/MS fragmentation was calculated by the Molecular Structure Correlator software. As a result, five phase I and two phase II metabolites in rat serum, and seven phase I and three phase II metabolites in rat urine were identified, of which four metabolites (M2, M5, M6, M7) have not been reported before. The metabolite toxicities are predicted, and the results are helpful for the design of new xanthine oxidoreductase inhibitors.
Understanding consumers' purchase intentions toward natural‐claimed products: A qualitative research in personal care products
Authors: Kahraman Aysun , Kazançoğlu İpek
Published: May 2019

In recent years there is a trend of consuming natural products for a sustainable and healthier life. Therefore, firms began aligning their strategy with sustainability by communication strategies that they produce natural products, which are better for health as well as the environmental sustainability. However, sometimes these claims may be deceptive. The purpose of this paper is to understand the consumers' purchasing intentions toward products claiming naturalness in their advertising and packaging strategies. This research also examined greenwashing perceptions and their potential roles in purchasing intentions. In‐depth face‐to‐face interviews carried out with 20 Turkish women regarding personal care products (local brand and international brand). The findings of the interviews revealed eight themes (perceived greenwashing, perceived green image, price perception, environmental concern, green trust, skepticism, perceived risk, and purchase intention). This study contributes to predict a framework from consumer viewpoint for identifying the themes related to greenwashing.
Immune microenvironments differ in immune characteristics and outcome of glioblastoma multiforme
Authors: Zhang Botao , Shen Rongfang , Cheng Shujun , Feng Lin
Published: May 2019

Understanding the interactions between tumors and the host immune system holds great promise to uncover biomarkers for targeted therapies, predict the prognosis of patients and guide clinical treatment. However, the immune signatures of glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) remain largely unstudied in terms of systematic analyses. We aimed to classify GBM samples according to immune‐related genes and complement the existing immunotherapy system knowledge. In this study, we designed a strategy to identify 3 immune subtypes representing 3 different immune microenvironments (M1‐M3) and associated with prognosis. The 3 subtypes were significantly different in terms of specific immune characteristics (immune cell subpopulations, immune responses, immune cells, and checkpoint gene interactions). In additional, copy number variations and methylation changes were identified that correlated with genes related to a worse prognosis subtype in the microenvironment. More importantly, in M3 (worst prognosis subtype) and M2 (best prognosis subtype), the interaction between immune cells and checkpoint genes was different, which had an important effect on the prognosis. Finally, we used risk scores of immune cells and checkpoint genes to evaluate the prognosis of GBM patients and validated the results with 3 independent datasets. Disordered interactions between immune cells and checkpoint genes result in a change in the immune microenvironment and affects the prognosis of patients. We propose that a better understanding of the immune microenvironment of advanced cancers may provide new insights into immunotherapy.
2‐Hexadecenal inhibits growth of C6 glioma cells
Authors: Amaegberi Nadezda V. , Semenkova Galina N. , Kvacheva Zinaida B. , Lisovskaya Alexandra G. , Pinchuk Serge V. , Shadyro Oleg I.
Published: May 2019

2‐Hexadecenal (2HD) formation in the organism occurs via irreversible enzymatic degradation of sphingosine‐1‐phosphate or nonenzymatic γ‐, UV‐, or HOCl‐induced destruction of a number of sphingolipids including S1P. The current research focuses on the study of 2HD effects on C6 glioma cells growth. The results obtained show that 2HD causes a dose‐dependent decrease in proliferative and mitotic indices. The change in the mitotic index is due to the redistribution of cells in the different phases of mitosis. These processes are accompanied by cytoskeleton rearrangement and changes in cell morphology, which are expressed in F‐actin redistribution, change in the number and type of filopodia and fibrils, leading to cell shape changes, decrease in intercellular contacts and monolayer rarefaction. Cells treatment with 2HD leads to apoptosis induction and signalling pathways modification, including activation of JNK, p38, and ERK1/2 MAPK but not PI3K. The effects observed are not related to the cytotoxicity of 2HD. Significance of the study: 2HD—an unsaturated aldehyde, which level can rise under conditions of oxidative stress as a result of nonenzymatic sphingolipids' destruction. The mechanisms of 2HD action on various cell types have not been sufficiently studied. Therefore, the study on functional role of this aldehyde in different cell types that may be its target is relevant. This study demonstrated that 2HD inhibits growth of C6 glioma cells due to modification of intracellular processes of signal transduction, cytoskeleton rearrangement, change in the mitotic regimen and apoptosis induction.
Randomness in microtubule dynamics: an error that requires correction or an inherent plasticity required for normal cellular function?
Authors: Ilan Yaron
Published: May 2019

Microtubules (MTs) play roles in regulating the mechanical structure and dynamics of cells. While MTs appear to be highly ordered structures, recent data suggest some randomness in their structure and dynamics. Part of this inherent randomness is attributed to errors and correction mechanisms are being investigated to overcome these ‘mistakes.’ However, this randomness may also be part of the normal intracellular function of MTs. It is possible that random events in MT structure and dynamics may contribute to their normal function and may even be part of an improved efficacy mechanism. An alternative view, wherein MT and kinetochore errors are part of required cell plasticity, is also discussed. These data may further support the concept of randomness in biological pathways as part of self‐organization or accurate and enhanced function.
MicroRNA‐144‐3p suppressed TGF‐β1‐induced lung cancer cell invasion and adhesion by regulating the Src–Akt–Erk pathway
Authors: Jiang Wensheng , Xu Zhiying , Yu Lili , Che Jianpeng , Zhang Jie , Yang Jun
Published: May 2019

Lung cancer remains a leading cause to cancer‐related death worldwide. The anti‐cancer ability of microRNA‐144‐3p has been reported in many cancer types. This study focused on the mechanisms underlying miR‐144‐3p in inhibiting lung cancer. The expression levels of miR‐144‐3p and steroid receptor coactivator (Src) in different lung cancer cell lines and those in bronchial epithelial cells (16HBE) were compared. miR‐144‐3p mimic and siSrc were transfected into A549 cells. Under the conditions of transforming growth factor‐β1 (TGF‐β1). Small interfering transfection or TGF‐β1 treatment, cell invasive and adhesive abilities were analyzed by Transwell and cell adhesion assays. miR‐144‐3p inhibitor and siSrc were co‐transfected into A549 cells and the changes in cell invasion and adhesion were detected. The activation of Src–protein kinase B–extracellular‐regulated protein kinases (Src–Akt–Erk) pathway was determined using Western blot. The downregulated miR‐144‐3p and upregulated Src were generally detected in lung cancer cell lines and were the most significant genes in A549 cells. Both miR‐144‐3p overexpression and Src inhibition could obviously inhibit the invasion and adhesion abilities of A549 cells in the presence or absence of the effects of TGF‐β1. The inhibition of Src could block the promotive effects of miR‐144‐3p inhibitor and TGF‐β1 on cell invasion and adhesion. Furthermore, we found that miR‐144‐3p could negatively regulate the phosphorylation levels of Akt and Erk. Our data indicated the essential role of Src in the mechanisms underlying TGF‐β1‐induced cell invasion and adhesion of lung cancer, and that miR‐144‐3p could effectively suppress TGF‐β1‐induced aggressive lung cancer cells by regulating Src expression.
Extracorporeal life support in the multidisciplinary management of cardiogenic shock complicating acute myocardial infarction
Authors: Pozzi Matteo , Flagiello Michele , Armoiry Xavier , Generali Tommaso , Adamou Nouhou Kaled , Koffel Catherine , Schweizer Remi , Fellahi Jean Luc , Cuenin Leo , Cellier Guillaume , Green Lisa , Derimay Francois , Rioufol Gilles , Finet Gerard , Obadia Jean Francois
Published: May 2019

Objectives

To analyze the results of extracorporeal life support (ECLS) for cardiogenic shock complicating acute myocardial infarction (AMI) in a single‐center experience.

Background

Cardiogenic shock is still a leading cause of death for AMI. Conventional management carries mortality rates exceeding 50%. ECLS may be considered as a bridge to decision in the setting of AMI complicated by cardiogenic shock not responsive to standard management.

Methods

We performed an observational analysis of our local database. The primary end‐point was survival to hospital discharge. All variables were compared between survivors and nonsurvivors.

Results

Between January 2007 and December 2017, 56 patients were supported for cardiogenic shock complicating AMI. The mean age was 56.7 years and 89.3% were males. Baseline characteristics were comparable between both groups. Of the 50 primary percutaneous coronary interventions that were attempted, 44 (88.0%) were successful. Twenty‐three (41.1%) patients died during ECLS support. The complications’ rate during ECLS support was comparable between both groups. Twenty‐eight (50%) patients were successfully weaned from ECLS after a mean support of 8.7 days. Eight (14.3%) patients eventually died after weaning before hospital discharge. Five (8.9%) patients could not be weaned from ECLS and were switched to a long‐term mechanical circulatory support. Overall survival to hospital discharge was 41.1% (n = 23). Eighteen (32.1%) patients were alive after a mean follow‐up of 38.0 ± 29.9 (range, 4.2–95.4) months.

Conclusions

ECLS should be considered as a therapeutic solution in the management of AMI‐related cardiogenic shock with a satisfactory short‐ and long‐term survival.
Challenges associated with treatment of left internal mammary artery graft thrombosis
Authors: Xenogiannis Iosif , Vemmou Evangelia , Nikolakopoulos Ilias , Brilakis Emmanouil S.
Published: May 2019

Acute occlusion of the left internal mammary artery (LIMA) graft late after coronary artery bypass grafting surgery is a rare and potentially life‐threatening complication. We describe a case of acute myocardial infarction 19 years after coronary artery bypass graft surgery due to acute occlusion of the distal anastomosis of a LIMA graft to the left anterior descending artery. Aspiration thrombectomy failed to remove the thrombus. Laser thrombectomy caused perforation. After drug‐eluting and covered stent implantation, antegrade TIMI 3 flow was restored with an uneventful postprocedural course.
Intraprocedural high‐degree atrioventricular block or complete heart block in transcatheter aortic valve replacement recipients with no prior intraventricular conduction disturbances
Authors: Junquera Lucía , Freitas‐Ferraz Afonso B. , Padrón Remigio , Silva Iria , Nunes Ferreira‐Neto Alfredo , Guimaraes Leonardo , Mohammadi Siamak , Morís Cesar , Philippon François , Rodés‐Cabau Josep
Published: May 2019

Background

Conduction disturbances are the most frequent complication of transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR). However, no data exists regarding the outcomes of intraprocedural high‐degree atrioventricular block (HAVB) or complete heart block (CHB) in patients without previous conduction disturbances.

Objectives

The aim of this study was to evaluate the outcomes of intraprocedural‐HAVB/CHB in patients without previous intraventricular conduction disturbances.

Methods

The occurrence of intraprocedural‐HAVB/CHB was assessed in 676 consecutive patients undergoing TAVR, and two groups were established according to its duration: persistent‐HAVB/CHB (PHAVB/CHB) and transient‐HAVB/CHB (THAVB/CHB), not present at the end of the procedure.

Results

Intraprocedural‐HAVB/CHB occurred in 50 patients (7.4%), being persistent in 32 (64.0%), and transient in 18 (36.0%). The use of Medtronic Corevalve Revalving System (MCRS) and a greater oversizing of the valve increased the risk of intraprocedural‐HAVB/CHB (p < 0.001). Permanent pacemaker implantation (PPI) was more frequent in the PHAVB/CHB than in the THAVB/CHB group (96.9% vs. 33.3%; p < 0.001). At 1‐month follow‐up, the PHAVB/CHB group showed a 98% ventricular pacing rate (VPR) compared to 16% in the THAVB/CHB group (p < 0.001), and similar VPR were observed at 1‐year follow‐up (98% vs. 37%, p < 0.001). Left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) decreased at 1‐year follow‐up in patients with PHAVB/CHB (−3.9 ± 1.8%, p = 0.003).

Conclusions

In TAVR recipients with no prior intraventricular conduction disturbances, intraprocedural‐HAVB/CHB occurred in 7.4% of cases. HAVB/CHB was persistent in most cases and determined a high rate of PPI post‐TAVR. Very high VPR at 1‐ and 12‐month follow‐up were observed, which in turn was associated with a negative effect on LVEF. These results support early PPI and close follow‐up in patients developing intraprocedural‐PHAVB/CHB.
Effect of barrel temperature and feed moisture on the physical properties of chickpea–sorghum and chickpea–maize extrudates, and the functionality and nutritional value of their resultant flours—Part II
Authors: Wang Shuyang , Nosworthy Matthew G. , House James D. , Ai Yongfeng , Hood‐Niefer Shannon , Nickerson Michael T.
Published: May 2019

Background and objectives

The effect of barrel temperature (120 and 150°C, held constant in zones 4–6) and feed moisture (20% and 24%) on the physical properties of chickpea–sorghum (CS) and chickpea–maize (CM) extrudates, and the functional and nutritional properties (protein quality) of their flours were examined.

Findings

Temperature had a greater effect on the physical properties than moisture for both blends, where, in general, extrusion at 150°C resulted in greater expansion, less hardness, and lower bulk density than at 120°C. Extrusion also increased the water‐holding capacity relative to the raw CS and CM blends, but had an adverse effect on oil‐holding capacity, foaming, and emulsifying properties. Pasting viscosities of precooked flours were also lowered by 8 to 37 times due to the pregelatinization of the starch. Although in vitro protein digestibility increased after extrusion, the in vitro protein digestibility‐corrected amino acid score (PDCAAS) showed an overall reduction relative to the raw blended flours due to the reduction of the primary limiting amino acid lysine during extrusion.

Conclusions

Only the chickpea–maize blend extruded at 120°C at either 20% or 24% moisture had higher in vitro PDCAAS than the raw blend, with only the one with 24% moisture having a value >0.70.

Significance and novelty

A balance between functionality and protein quality needs to be considered when using extruded pulse–cereal blends.
Hydrosilylative Reduction of Tertiary Amides to Amines Catalyzed by N‐(Phosphinoaryl)anilido Complexes of Iron and Cobalt
Authors: Hale Dylan J. , Murphy Luke J. , McDonald Robert , Ferguson Michael J. , Turculet Laura
Published: May 2019

The synthesis and structural characterization of low‐coordinate Fe(II) and Co(II) complexes supported by the monoanionic P,N‐ligand N‐(2‐dicyclohexylphosphinophenyl)‐2,6‐diisopropylanilide are described. A three‐coordinate (P,N)Fe‐hexamethyldisilazide complex (2), and four‐coordinate (P,N)Fe‐ (3‐Fe) and (P,N)Co‐alkyl (3‐Co) complexes were evaluated as pre‐catalysts for the hydrosilylative reduction of amides with PhSiH3 (5 mol % pre‐catalyst, 1 equiv. PhSiH3, 80 °C, 1–24 h). The Fe complex 2 proved to be more broadly effective for the reduction of a variety of tertiary amide substrates, and was shown to mediate the reduction of N,N‐dibenzylbenzamide at a loading of 1 mol %, to achieve near quantitative formation of tribenzylamine in 1 h (80 °C). Complex 2 also proved effective for the hydrosilylation of tertiary amides under ambient conditions (5 mol % Fe, 24 h), which is a unique example of room temperature amide hydrosilylation mediated by an Fe catalyst without the need for photochemical activation. Given the widespread use of amide reduction protocols in synthesis, the development of efficient Fe‐based catalysts that operate under mild conditions is an important target.
New Insight into the “Shuttle Mechanism” of Rechargeable Lithium‐Sulfur Batteries
Authors: Liu Jingdong , Chen Hui , Chen Wenda , Zhang Yurong , Zheng Yuanhui
Published: May 2019

Lithium‐sulfur batteries have become an appealing candidate for low‐cost and high‐energy‐density power sources. It is generally believed that the “shuttle effect” in Li/S batteries causes serious performance degradation, such as low coulombic efficiency, sulfur loss, and so on. Here, we report a new mechanism based on the disproportionation reactions of polysulfides (PSs) to explain the rapid fading of capacity in Li/S batteries. Two different electrolytes (i. e., a carbonate‐based electrolyte and an ether‐based electrolyte) were adopted to study the disproportionation mechanism. We found that elemental sulfur was reprecipitated on the surface of the cathodes, forming a passive layer. The passive layer formed in the carbonate‐based electrolyte is much denser than that formed in the ether‐based electrolyte, resulting in the faster capacity fading in the carbonate‐based electrolyte. The simulation of cathodic peaks and anodic peaks in CV profiles confirms the disproportionation reaction of PSs in the ether‐based electrolyte. The electrochemical behavior of these Li/S batteries are well explained by an EC mechanism that involves an electron transfer reaction followed by a reversible disproportionation reaction. It is found that the disproportionation of PSs plays a more important role than the shuttle effect during the initial stage of the charge/discharge process.
Boomerang bias: Examining the effect of parental coresidence on Millennial financial behavior
Authors: Bentley Michael J. , Bogan Vicki L.
Published: May 2019

Millennials, or those born between 1980 and 1998, face unique financial situations relative to the general population. With increasing levels of educational loans and debt, many choose to live with their parents as a means of financial support, thus resulting in differing financial behaviors when compared to Millennials who live independently. This paper analyzes the effect of parental coresidence on debt, asset ownership, and asset values. We find evidence linking parental coresidence with decreases in magnitude and likelihood of having debt, along with significant differences in “risky” and “safe” asset ownership and valuations. Moreover, we find causal evidence that parental coresidence is used as a mechanism to decrease general debt.
Phosphonium‐Ring‐Fused Bicyclic Metallafuran Complexes of Ruthenium and Osmium
Authors: Yeung Chi‐Fung , Chung Lai‐Hon , Ng Sze‐Wing , Shek Hau‐Lam , Tse Sheung‐Ying , Chan Siu‐Chung , Tse Man‐Kit , Yiu Shek‐Man , Wong Chun‐Yuen
Published: May 2019

Metallafuran complexes with a fused five‐membered phosphonium ring were synthesized from reactions between terminal ynones HC≡C(C=O)R and cis‐[Ru/Os(dppm)2Cl2] (dppm=1,1‐bis(diphenylphosphino)methane). A metal–vinylidene‐involving pathway was found to be an energetically feasible formation mechanism for these complexes. These phosphonium‐containing metallafurans, like many phosphonium‐functionalized drugs, have the ability to induce mitochondrial dysfunction. They also exhibit stronger cytotoxicity against several human cancer cell lines in comparison with their metal precursors and the classic anticancer drug cisplatin. Overall, this work provides structural and mechanistic insights for the rational design of functional metallacycles via activation of alkynes by RuII and OsII centers.
A GAP‐GTPase‐GDP‐Pi Intermediate Crystal Structure Analyzed by DFT Shows GTP Hydrolysis Involves Serial Proton Transfers
Authors: Molt Robert W. , Pellegrini Erika , Jin Yi
Published: May 2019

Cell signaling by small G proteins uses an ON to OFF signal based on conformational changes following the hydrolysis of GTP to GDP and release of dihydrogen phosphate (Pi). The catalytic mechanism of GTP hydrolysis by RhoA is strongly accelerated by a GAP protein and is now well defined, but timing of inorganic phosphate release and signal change remains unresolved. We have generated a quaternary complex for RhoA‐GAP‐GDP‐Pi. Its 1.75 Å crystal structure shows geometry for ionic and hydrogen bond coordination of GDP and Pi in an intermediate state. It enables the selection of a QM core for DFT exploration of a 20 H‐bonded network. This identifies serial locations of the two mobile protons from the original nucleophilic water molecule, showing how they move in three rational steps to form a stable quaternary complex. It also suggests how two additional proton transfer steps can facilitate Pi release.
Mechanochemical Synthesis of Ruthenium Cluster@Ordered Mesoporous Carbon Catalysts by Synergetic Dual Templates
Authors: Wang Li , Zhao Jiahua , Zhang Pengfei , Yang Shize , Zhan Wangcheng , Dai Sheng
Published: May 2019

Ruthenium (Ru)@Ordered mesoporous carbon (OMC) is a key catalyst in fine‐chemical production. In general, the OMC support is prepared by a wet self‐assembly requiring excessive solvent, toxic phenol–aldehyde precursors and a long reaction time, followed by post‐immobilization to load Ru species. Herein, we wish to report a solid‐state, rapid, and green strategy for the synthesis of Ru@OMC with biomass tannin as the precursor. The chemistry essence of this strategy lies in the mechanical‐force‐driven assembly, during which tannin‐metal (Zn2+ and Ru3+) coordination polymerization and hydrogen‐bonding interactions between tannin‐block copolymer (PEO‐PPO‐PEO, F127) simultaneously occur. After thermal treatment, Ru@OMC catalysts with mesoporous channels, narrow pore‐size distribution (≈7 nm), and high surface area (up to 779 m2 g−1) were directed by F127 micelles. Meanwhile, the Zn2+ ions dilute Ru3+ and avoid the sintering of Ru species, resulting in Ru clusters around 1.4–1.7 nm during carbonization (800 °C). Moreover, the Ru@OMC catalyst afforded a good activity (TOF: up to 4170 h−1) in the selective oxidation of benzyl alcohol to benzaldehyde by molecular oxygen.
Cardiac prostheses‐related hemolytic anemia
Authors: Alkhouli Mohamad , Farooq Ali , Go Ronald S. , Balla Sudarshan , Berzingi Chalak
Published: May 2019

Hemolysis is an unintended sequel of temporary or permanent intracardiac devices. However, limited data exist on the characteristics and treatment of hemolysis in patients with cardiac prostheses. This entity, albeit uncommon, often poses significant diagnostic and management challenges to the clinical cardiologist. In this article, we aim to provide a contemporary overview of the incidence, mechanisms, diagnosis, and management of cardiac prosthesis‐related hemolysis.
Cover Image, Volume 76, Issue 1
Authors: Tazat Keren , Schindler Susanne , Depping Reinhard , Mabjeesh Nicola J.
Published: May 2019

ON THE FRONT COVER: The front cover image is based on the Research Article Septin 9 isoform 1 (SEPT9_i1) specifically interacts with importin‐α7 to drive hypoxia‐inducible factor (HIF)‐1α nuclear translocation by Keren Tazat et al., DOI: 10.1002/cm.21511.

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Cover Image, Volume 76, Issue 1
Authors: Perez Adam M. , Thorner Jeremy
Published: May 2019

ON THE BACK COVER: The back cover image is based on the Research Article Septin‐associated proteins Aim44 and Nis1 traffic between the bud neck and the nucleus in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae by Adam M. Perez and Jeremy Thorner, DOI: 10.1002/cm.21524.

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The efficacy and cost‐effectiveness of patient navigation programs across the cancer continuum: A systematic review
Authors: Bernardo Brittany M. , Zhang Xiaochen , Beverly Hery Chloe M. , Meadows Rachel J. , Paskett Electra D.
Published: May 2019

Published studies regarding patient navigation (PN) and cancer were reviewed to assess quality, determine gaps, and identify avenues for future research. The PubMed and EMBASE databases were searched for studies investigating the efficacy and cost‐effectiveness of PN across the cancer continuum. Each included article was scored independently by 2 separate reviewers with the Quality Assessment Tool for Quantitative Studies. The current review identified 113 published articles that assessed PN and cancer care, between August 1, 2010, and February 1, 2018, 14 of which reported on the cost‐effectiveness of PN programs. Most publications focused on the effectiveness of PN in screening (50%) and diagnosis (27%) along the continuum of cancer care. Many described the effectiveness of PN for breast cancer (52%) or colorectal cancer outcomes (51%). Most studies reported favorable outcomes for PN programs, including increased uptake of and adherence to cancer screenings, timely diagnostic resolution and follow‐up, higher completion rates for cancer therapy, and higher rates of attending medical appointments. Cost‐effectiveness studies showed that PN programs yielded financial benefits. Quality assessment showed that 75 of the 113 included articles (65%) had 2 or more weak components. In conclusion, this review indicates numerous gaps within the PN and cancer literature where improvement is needed. For example, more research is needed at other points along the continuum of cancer care outside of screening and diagnosis. In addition, future research into the effectiveness of PN for understudied cancers outside of breast and colorectal cancer is necessary along with an assessment of cost‐effectiveness and more rigorous reporting of study designs and results in published articles.
Imaging at diagnosis impacts cancer‐specific survival among patients with cancer of the oropharynx
Authors: Morgan Rustain L. , Eguchi Megan M. , Mueller Adam C. , Daugherty Stacie L. , Amini Arya , Karam Sana D.
Published: May 2019

Background

The optimal imaging for the staging of oropharyngeal cancer is not well defined.

Methods

The linked Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER)–Medicare database for 2006 through 2011 was used to compare patient characteristics and hospital region by the initial imaging modality used for patients with oropharyngeal cancer. The primary outcome was 3‐year cancer‐specific survival (CSS). Cox proportional hazards models were adjusted for imaging, age, sex, region, education, race, American Joint Committee on Cancer stage of disease, and treatment, which were examined using backward elimination. The authors also explored how initial imaging use varied by patient characteristics and hospital region.

Results

A total of 1765 patients underwent initial diagnostic imaging. Of those, approximately 11.4% (202 patients) received computed tomography (CT) alone as their initial imaging modality, 5.2% (91 patients) underwent magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) without positron emission tomography (PET), and 83.3% (1472 patients) had initial imaging that included PET. The overall 3‐year CSS rate for the entire population was 63.7%. In the adjusted survival models compared by initial imaging modality, patients who underwent a PET examination were found to have higher survival than those who underwent CT alone or MRI, respectively (hazard ratio, 1.337 [95% CI, 1.001‐1.785; P = .0491]; and hazard ratio, 1.748 [95% CI, 1.2‐2.545; P = .0036]).

Conclusions

Among patients with oropharyngeal cancer, initial staging with PET imaging was associated with improved 3‐year CSS compared with initial staging with MRI or CT.
Influence of African American race on the association between preoperative biopsy grade group and adverse histopathologic features of radical prostatectomy
Authors: Aminsharifi Alireza , Schulman Ariel , Howard Lauren E. , Tay Kae Jack , Amling Christopher L. , Aronson William J. , Cooperberg Matthew R. , Kane Christopher J. , Terris Martha K. , Freedland Stephen J. , Polascik Thomas J.
Published: May 2019

Background

The current study was performed to evaluate the influence of race on the association between biopsy grade group (GrGp) and the risk of detectable prostate‐specific antigen (PSA) and adverse histopathological outcomes after radical prostatectomy (RP).

Methods

Data regarding 4073 men (1344 African American men; 33%) who were treated with RP were categorized based on the 5‐tiered GrGp system. Logistic regression was used to test the association between biopsy GrGp and PSA nadir (<0.1 ng/mL) after RP as well as adverse pathological features among all patients and stratified by race.

Results

Those patients with a higher biopsy GrGp were found to have lower odds of achieving a PSA nadir <0.1 ng/mL after RP on unadjusted and multivariable analysis (both P < .001). On unadjusted and multivariable analysis, higher GrGp was associated with increased odds of each of the adverse pathological features, namely, GrGp ≥3, extraprostatic extension, seminal vesicle invasion, positive surgical resection margin, and positive lymph nodes (all P < .001). Race had no significant interaction with biopsy GrGp in the prediction of PSA nadir after RP (P = .91) or any adverse pathological features (all P > .06) except positive lymph nodes. When the models were stratified by race, the associations between preoperative biopsy GrGp and having a PSA nadir <0.1 ng/mL, high‐grade final pathology, or other adverse histopathologic features were similar in both races except as noted for positive lymph nodes.

Conclusions

Higher preoperative biopsy GrGp is associated with increased odds of adverse histopathological findings as well as lower odds of a PSA nadir <0.1 ng/mL after RP. These associations are largely independent of race, suggesting that GrGp is an accurate tool for risk stratification in both black and white men.
A One‐Step Chemical Strategy for the Formation of Carbon Nanotube Junctions in Aqueous Solution: Reaction of DNA‐Wrapped Carbon Nanotubes with Diazonium Salts
Authors: Clément Pierrick , Trinchera Piera , Cervantes‐Salguero Keitel , Ye Qingyu , Jones Christopher R. , Palma Matteo
Published: May 2019

A single‐step chemical strategy allows the formation of single‐walled carbon nanotube (SWCNT) molecular junctions in aqueous solution. SWCNTs were first wrapped with DNA to be water soluble and solution processable. Diazonium salts, which have been shown to react spontaneously with carbon nanotubes in water at room temperature, were then employed to covalently link SWCNT segments. The DNA wrapping of the nanotubes acted as a protective layer that limits the functionalization predominantly to the nanotube terminal ends, therefore allowing the assembly of linear SWCNT junctions. Upon increasing the concentration of the linker, we observed first the formation of side‐to‐end junctions, and eventually the assembly, through side‐to‐side interactions, of SWCNTs into bundles. This approach demonstrates the possibility of tuning the formation of linear and branched carbon nanotube junctions that in turn is of importance for the sustainable fabrication of solution‐processable CNT‐based nanoscale systems and devices.
Measuring personal recovery in people with bipolar disorder and exploring its relationship with well‐being and social role participation
Authors: Kraiss Jannis T. , ten Klooster Peter M. , Chrispijn Melissa , Stevens Anja W.M.M. , Kupka Ralph W. , Bohlmeijer Ernst T.
Published: May 2019

The relevance of personal recovery receives increasing attention in mental health care and is also important for people with bipolar disorder (BD). There is a need for reliable and valid instruments measuring personal recovery. Therefore, the current study evaluated the psychometric properties of a Dutch translation of the Questionnaire about the Process of Recovery (QPR) in a sample of people with BD and explored the relationship with constructs of well‐being, social role participation, and psychopathology. A cross‐sectional survey study was conducted in which 102 people diagnosed with BD completed the QPR. Factor structure of the QPR was evaluated by conducting confirmatory factor analyses (CFA), and internal consistency was assessed by calculating reliability coefficients. Convergent validation measures assessed well‐being, social role participation, and symptomatology. Incremental validity was determined by evaluating the ability of the QPR to explain variance in symptomatology above and beyond well‐being. Findings of the CFA supported a unidimensional factor structure, and internal consistency estimates were excellent. Scores of the QPR showed strong correlations with convergent measures, but were only weakly associated with manic symptomatology. Moreover, personal recovery explained additional variance in symptoms of depression and anxiety above and beyond well‐being, indicating incremental validity. The QPR appears to be a reliable and valid tool to assess personal recovery in people with BD. Our findings underline the importance of personal recovery in the context of treatment of BD. Personal recovery demonstrates a substantial overlap with well‐being.
Promoting Nucleation in Microwave‐Assisted Nanoparticle Synthesis Using Combined Two‐Stage Irradiation and Anti‐Solvent Addition
Authors: Shibatani Atsuya , Matsumura Shungo , Asakuma Yusuke , Saptoro Agus
Published: May 2019

Microwave is advantageous for nanoparticle synthesis because nanostructured crystals and mono‐dispersed nanoparticle size can be obtained due to the rapid growth induced by quick thermal response. In previous studies, it has been confirmed that an individual application of two‐stage irradiation and anti‐solvent addition is effective in promoting stable nucleation and smaller particle generation. Nevertheless, to date no studies have been reported in applying the two methods above simultaneously and examining their synergistic effect. This study, therefore, aims to investigate the possibility of producing finer particles using a stable operation without any superheating and abrupt bubble growth. From the experimental data, it is evident that the beneficial combined effect of two‐stage irradiation and addition of anti‐solvent on the stable finer nanoparticle formation could be observed and confirmed. It is expected that the findings and recommendations from this work may be useful in optimizing two‐stage microwave‐assisted nanoparticle synthesis with an addition of anti‐solvent.