bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
WHY INCREASED UNCERTAINTY MAY LEAD TO MORE RISKY BEHAVIOR
Authors: LUND ARNE‐CHRISTIAN , STEINSHAMN STEIN IVAR
Published: September 2016

The purpose of this article is to investigate circumstances under which it may be optimal to deliberately harvest a fish stock to extinction applying a stochastic surplus growth model. It is known from the literature that deliberate extinction may result when there is critical depensation or when the discount rate is high compared to the intrinsic growth rate. Here it is shown that deliberate extinction may also be optimal when the degree of stochasticitry is high even with zero discounting. A high degree of stochasticity may have the same effect as critical depensation even though it is not present in the biological model. In other words, high uncertainty, instead of leading to more conservative harvesting as is usually expected, in this model result in more aggressive harvesting and more risky behavior. The main message is therefore always to try to keep the stock well above any critical limit.
Familial aplasia cutis congenita associated with mega‐cisterna magna
Authors: Lee Eun Hye , Park Tae Sung , Choi Yong‐Sung , Cho Eun‐Hae
Published: September 2016

Aplasia cutis congenita (ACC; MIM 107600) is a congenital skin disorder that manifests as localized absence of skin. Here we report a case of familial ACC and mega‐cisterna magna. A female neonate was born with skin defects on the scalp. Brain magnetic resonance imaging demonstrated retrocerebellar space widening suggesting mega‐cisterna magna. Her father also had a skin defect on the scalp at birth, and brain computed tomography of the father showed a cystic lesion over the right occipital lobe, similar to the patient's brain imaging. Karyotype 46,XX, t(6;18)(q23.2;q11.2) was identified on G‐banded karyotype analysis of the patient and her father, after which whole exome sequencing was carried out, but this was thought to be a coincidental finding. This indicates that ACC may be associated with brain anomaly, although it is very rare.
Influencing Genomic Change and Cancer Disparities through Neighborhood Chronic Toxic Stress Exposure: A Research Framework
Authors: DeGuzman Pamela B. , Schminkey Donna L.
Published: September 2016

Black Americans have disproportionately higher incidence and mortality rates for many cancers. These disparities may be related to genomic changes that occur from exposure to chronic toxic stress and may result from conditions associated with living in racially segregated neighborhoods with high rates of concentrated poverty. The purpose of this article is to present a nursing research framework for developing and testing neighborhood‐level interventions that have the potential to mitigate exposure to neighborhood‐associated chronic toxic stress, improve individual‐level genomic sequelae and cancer outcomes, and reduce cancer health disparities of Black Americans. Public health nursing researchers should collaborate with local officials to determine ways to reduce neighborhood‐level stress. Intermediate outcomes can be measured using genomic or other stress biomarkers, and long‐term outcomes can be measured by evaluating population‐level cancer incidence and mortality.
Distribution of Lgr5‐positive cancer cells in intramucosal gastric signet‐ring cell carcinoma
Authors: Nakajima Tomoyuki , Uehara Takeshi , Maruyama Yasuhiro , Iwaya Mai , Kobayashi Yukihiro , Ota Hiroyoshi
Published: September 2016

Leucine‐rich repeat‐containing G‐protein‐coupled receptor 5 (Lgr5) is a putative intestinal stem cell marker that is also expressed in various tumors. To analyze its pathological characteristics in mucosal gastric signet‐ring cell carcinoma (SRCC), we investigated Lgr5 expression in 35 intramucosal gastric SRCC patients using RNAscope, a newly developed RNA in situ hybridization technique. Lgr5 expression in individual tumor cells was scored semi‐quantitatively from 0 to 400. Ki67 was also examined by immunohistochemistry, with a linear arrangement of Ki67‐expressing cells present in 20 of 35 cases. This area of Ki67‐expressing cells was topographically divided into upper, middle, and lower regions. All cases with linear Ki67 expression patterns also had Lgr5‐positive cells arranged in a linear fashion in the lower area—which was distinct from the area of high Ki67 expression. The rate of Ki67 positivity in Lgr5‐positive cells was significantly lower than that of Lgr5‐negative cells in areas of high Ki67 expression. In intramucosal SRCC, the low mitotic activity of Lgr5‐positive cells suggests that they may represent cancer stem cells as seen in other types of stomach carcinomas. Intramucosal SRCC may therefore contain stem cells expressing Lgr5 in the lower area of the lamina propria, akin to normal gastric pyloric mucosa.
Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase regulation in C4‐PEPC‐expressing transgenic rice during early responses to drought stress
Authors: Liu Xiaolong , Li Xia , Zhang Chen , Dai Chuanchao , Zhou Jiayu , Ren Chenggang , Zhang Jinfei
Published: September 2016

Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PEPC; EC 4.1.1.31) has important functions in C4 photosynthesis and biosynthesis of intermediate metabolites. In this study, the drought resistance of C4‐PEPC‐expressing transgenic rice (Oryza sativa, line PC) plants was assessed using simulated drought conditions [i.e. polyethylene glycol (PEG)‐6000 treatment]. The dry weight of PC plants was higher than that of wild‐type (WT) plants following treatment with 15% PEG‐6000 for 16 days. Furthermore, the water use efficiency, relative water content and proline content in PC plants were higher than those of WT plants, as were C4‐PEPC activity and transcript levels following treatment with 5% PEG‐6000 for 2 h. The protein kinase activities and transcript levels of sucrose non‐fermenting‐1‐related protein kinases (SnRKs) genes, such as SnRK1a, OsK24 and OsK35 were also higher in PC plants than in WT plants following treatment with 5% PEG‐6000 for 2 h. Additionally, phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase kinase (PPCK, EC 4.1.1.32) activities and transcript levels (e.g. PPCK1 and PPCK2) increased following drought treatment. These changes were regulated by signaling molecules, such as calcium, nitric oxide and hydrogen peroxide. Furthermore, the −1095 to −416 region of the C4‐PEPC promoter in PC plants was demethylated following exposure to drought conditions for 1 h. The demethylation coincided with an increase in C4‐PEPC expression. Our data suggest that the demethylation of the C4‐PEPC promoter and the phosphorylation catalyzed by PPCK have key roles in conferring drought tolerance to the transgenic rice plants.
Cladosiphon takenoensis sp. nov. (Ectocarpales s.l., Phaeophyceae) from Japan
Authors: Kawai Hiroshi , Hanyuda Takeaki , Kim Song‐Ho , Ichikawa Yuki , Uwai Shinya , Peters Akira F.
Published: September 2016

The new brown algal species Cladosiphon takenoensis H. Kawai (Chordariaceae, Ectocarpales s.l.) is described from Takeno, Hyogo, Japan based on morphology and DNA sequences. The species is a spring annual, growing on subtidal rocks at more or less exposed sites. It resembles C. umezakii in its gross morphology, and the two often grow together, but is distinguishable from C. umezakii in having a more hairy appearance. Cladosiphon takenoensis has a slimy, cylindrical, multiaxial and sympodial erect thallus, branching once to twice, and is provided with long assimilatory filaments (up to 1.8 mm long, composed of up to 100 cells). Unilocular zoidangia are formed on the basal part of assimilatory filaments. The species is genetically most related to C. umezakii and has the same basic thallus structures, but differs from C. umezakii and other Cladosiphon species in lacking phaeophycean hairs and plurilocular zoidangia of the assimilatory filaments. DNA sequences of the mitochondrial cox1 and cox3, chloroplast atpB, psaA, psbA and rbcL genes and the nuclear rDNA ITS2 region support the distinctness of the species. The genus Cladosiphon was paraphyletic in our analyses because the clades of C. okamuranus/C. zosterae and C. takenoensis/C. umezakii were split by Mesogloia vermiculata. However, since the genus‐level taxonomy of Chordariaceae needs considerable revision, we suspend the genus‐level taxonomy of the new species, and tentatively describe it as C. takenoensis.
Effects of response delays and of unknown stimulus‐response mappings on the oddball effect on P3
Authors: Verleger Rolf , Grauhan Nils , Śmigasiewicz Kamila
Published: September 2016

P3b is a prominent component of human event‐related EEG potentials. P3b has been related to consciousness, encoding into memory, and updating of strategic schemata, among others, yet evidence has also been provided for its close relationship with deciding how to respond to the presented stimuli. P3b is large with rarely occurring stimuli and small with frequent ones. Here, we investigate the extent to which this oddball effect depends on selecting and executing responses. Participants pressed one of two keys in response to one of two letters, one of which was presented rarely and one frequently. Information about letter‐key mapping was provided by a second stimulus. In different blocks, this mapping stimulus was either constant across trials or varied randomly, and either preceded or followed the letter. The oddball effect was reduced when responses were delayed (by waiting for the constant mapping stimulus following the letter) and was further reduced when responses could not be assigned to the letters (because letters were followed by varying mapping stimuli). This evidence suggests that P3b is closely related to decision processes, possibly reflecting reactivation of stimulus‐response links.
Of Planets and Trenches: Imperial Science Fiction in Contemporary Russia
Authors: SUSLOV MIKHAIL
Published: September 2016

In post‐Soviet Russia, science fiction has become a huge literary industry with hundreds of titles published yearly, and dozens of regular events for authors and fandom. Having recovered from the dominance of translated science fiction in the 1990s and reliance on Strugatsky's style and spirit, today's writers have developed a specific “sub‐genre” of imperial science fiction. Using the example of fifteen novels, this paper explores interconnections between this sub‐genre and the ongoing processes of identity‐making in Russia. It argues that “imperial science fiction” paradoxically exposes quasi‐post‐colonial sensibility, the loss of agency, and feelings of disempowerment, but by so doing it contributes to a geopolitical and revanchist way of thinking, entertained by authors and readers alike.
Utopia Going Underground: On Lukyanenko's and Glukhovsky's Literary Refigurations of Postsocialist Belongings between Loyalty and Dissidence to the State
Authors: SCHWARTZ MATTHIAS
Published: September 2016

This article will investigate Russian literature of the last decade, in particular, fantastic literature, consisting of all kinds of anti‐utopian novels. But these works do not simply revive certain allegorical, apocalyptic ways of criticizing the system, well known from the science fiction of the Soviet Union. My main thesis is that these works also develop a new poetics of anti‐utopian writing about current utopian and dissident concepts of the Russian state. Whereas Soviet “scientific fantasy” (Nauchnaia fantastika)–as the Soviet equivalent for the term science fiction was called–starting with the Thaw period in the late 1950s because of censorship developed different ways of fictionally mystifying and allegorizing the political, post‐Soviet “Fantastika” successfully trivializes and subverts current ideas of an omnipresent authority. Whereas Soviet science fiction went to outer space, to extrapolate all the concealed conflicts and suppressed belongings into other worlds, post‐Soviet fantastic literature goes underground, inside the matrix, explores the inner space of postsocialist belongings between loyalty and dissidence to the state.
The Izborsky Club, or the New Conservative Avant‐Garde in Russia
Authors: LARUELLE MARLENE
Published: September 2016

Launched at the end of 2012, the Izborsky Club stands as a symbol of the ideological hardening of Vladimir Putin's third presidential mandate. This paper argues that for the first time, a large group of self‐identified nationalists or anti‐liberals has united under a single structure with the objective of influencing the authorities. The Club confirms the progressive structuring of a field of “think tanks” in Russia whose function is to occupy different ideological niches and offer a range of “products” that the authorities can sample, make official, or reject. This paper first explores the context of emergence of the Club, and maps its main figures, and their connections to higher decision‐making circles. Second, it investigates how the Club encapsulate its main ideological precepts–a reconciliation between Red and White, the imperial debate, and the economic aspect of Russian Great‐Powerness. Third, it briefly debates the successes and failures of the Club's positioning in Russia's contemporary ideological landscape.
Marriage of Convenience? Collaboration between Nationalists and Liberals in the Russian Opposition, 2011–12
Authors: KOLSTØ PÅL
Published: September 2016

The Russian “winter of discontent” 2011–12, when tens of thousands demonstrated against the Putin regime, turned out to be a passing incident only, but it raises a number of important questions. Specifically, we would want to know why it suddenly was possible to unite the many disparate elements in the Russian opposition and make them march in unison. This article focuses on one crucial aspect only: the collaboration between liberals and Russian nationalists. These two groups have a long history of distrust, even antagonism, but in the 2011–12 opposition cycle their leaders stood shoulder to shoulder on the podium. We may hypothesize that the willingness of liberals and right‐wing nationalists to set aside old grudges in a concerted effort to topple the regime was a major factor behind the early successes of the mobilization. At the same time, it can also be argued that precisely this new all‐embracing alliance was a weak point in the strategy of the opposition by tearing it apart from within. In this article I use social movement theory to get a handle on this conundrum. In particular, I look at what this theory can tell us about the assets and drawbacks of creating broad alliances across ideological chasms. I also discuss public perceptions in Russia of the anti‐Putin demonstrations, based on a new survey from October‐November 2014.
From Kräshen Past to Tatar Present: Gayaz Iskhakyi's Zuleikha on the Tatar Stage in 1917 and 1992
Authors: GOLDBERG MADINA ZAINULLINA
Published: September 2016

Drawing on a variety of cultural sources, drama and theatrical productions in particular, this historical study, entitled “From Kräshen Past to Tatar Present: Gayaz Iskhakyi's Zuleikha on the Tatar Stage, 1917 and 1992” addresses the ways in which the Tatar historical past was conceptualized in multiple productions of a key Tatar modernist theatrical work, Gayaz Iskhakyi's Zuleikha. It engages three highly charged historical contexts–the Krä;shen apostasy movement of the 1860s, the time immediately following the February Revolution of 1917 and the period following the collapse of the Soviet Union, and it looks at theater as a unique medium to investigate the dynamics of social and cultural identity and change.
Dose Targeting Metrics in Conventional and Intensive Maintenance Dialysis
Authors: Ananthakrishnan Shubha , Depner Thomas A.
Published: September 2016

Hemodialysis has come a long way since its early days and is a life sustaining therapy for millions of people with end‐stage kidney disease throughout the world. Although thrice weekly hemodialysis remains the most common form of renal replacement therapy, other therapies such as more frequent, prolonged dialysis modalities have seen a rise recently. In this review, we compare and contrast methods for measuring the dialysis dose, with a focus on small molecule clearance (Kt/Vurea) among various dialysis modalities. We also describe newer on‐line methods to measure dialysis and limitations to current adequacy measurement. Distinguishing dialysis adequacy from adequate treatment of the patient is also emphasized.
Child Wanted and When? Fertility Intentions, Wantedness, and Child Survival in Rural Northern Ghana
Authors: Bawah Ayaga A. , Asuming Patrick O. , Debpuur Cornelius , Phillips James F.
Published: September 2016

Panel survey data collected in rural northern Ghana asked women about the “wantedness” status of their children. Parous women were asked whether they wanted more children, while those who had never had a child were asked whether they wanted to have children in the future; those who said that they did not want to have any more children in the future were asked whether they wanted to become pregnant when they last became pregnant and, if so, whether they wanted to become pregnant at the time, or would have preferred to be pregnant earlier or later. This article analyzes longitudinal responses to these questions over a 10‐year period. Birth and survival histories of subsequently born children linked to preference data permit investigation of the question: are “wanted” children more likely to survive than “unwanted” children? Hazard models are estimated to determine whether children born to women who indicated that they did not want to have a child at the time they did, or did not want any more children in the future, have a higher risk of mortality relative to children who were reported wanted at the time of pregnancy. Results show no significant differences in adjusted mortality risks between children who were reported to be wanted and those reported to be unwanted.
Using Dramaturgy to Better Understand Contemporary Western Tattoos
Authors: Roberts Derek
Published: September 2016

Spurred on by increasing participation rates, scholarship on tattoos in Western societies has increased noticeably in recent decades. Often focusing on members of the middle class, scholars have assumed that the increasing number of people with tattoos is evidence of mainstream acceptance. In the following article, I critically evaluate claims of tattoo's new mainstream status. Rather than being embraced by the mainstream and power elite, studies and legal proceedings show that tattoos and piercings are only tolerated to a certain degree. I suggest that applying Erving Goffman's dramaturgical approach to contemporary tattoos provides a more complete understanding of tattoo's cultural location. It also allows the focus of the discussion to move beyond the individual attributes and motivations of tattoo wearers and onto the social interactions surrounding them. Moreover, a dramaturgical analysis of tattoos shows the need to properly differentiate between tattoos that are always visible and those that can be concealed. I end by offering a conceptualization of visible tattoos for future sociological research.
Understanding Crimmigration: Implications for Racial and Ethnic Minorities Within the United States
Authors: Arriaga Felicia
Published: September 2016

Crimmigration, or the intertwining of criminal and immigration law, allows whether explicitly or implicitly for local law enforcement and increasingly other government agencies, to act as enforcers of both aspects of the law. Increasingly, practices and polices implemented within this realm are characteristic of interior enforcement practices, expanding beyond border enforcement. No longer are these solely the responsibility of federal immigration agents, but now local law enforcement participates in these seemingly hidden initiatives. In the process of this merge, the scope of citizenship and the applicability of certain rights is continuously narrowing in what Juliet Stumpf refers to in The Crimmigration Crisis: Immigrants, Crime, and Sovereign Power as “a society increasingly stratified by flexible conceptions of membership.” To unwind and reform the connections between these two systems requires the treatment of them as components of a larger emphasis on exclusionary social‐control ideology and practices, directed at immigrants and minorities alike.
What We Are Talking About When We Talk About Social Media: A Framework for Study
Authors: Treem Jeffrey W. , Dailey Stephanie L. , Pierce Casey S. , Biffl Diana
Published: September 2016

Social media continues to grow as a focus of social, organizational, and scholarly interest, yet there is little agreement as to what constitutes social media and how it can be effectively analyzed. We review various definitions of social media and note that much of the confusion regarding social media comes from conflation between social media types, platforms, and activities. To facilitate investigations of social media, we debunk common social media myths and review the relationship between social media and several prominent sociological concerns. We conclude by reflecting on directions for future research on social media.
More Powerful Forces? Women, Nonviolence, and Mobilization
Authors: Gallo‐Cruz Selina
Published: September 2016

In this survey of studies of women's nonviolent mobilization, I scrutinize “more powerful forces,” the mobilizing forces of marginalized social actors that add to and make possible the development of broad‐based people power. The study of people power has yet to extensively consider the contribution of marginalized social actors. Specifically, I ask: (i) What do women contribute to the development of nonviolent protest power and (ii) What can we learn about mobilizing power, the power of people to protest nonviolently and gain the franchise they seek, when we expand our analytical lens to incorporate women's roles? How do we account for the gendered but often unseen actions taken by marginalized social actors? My focus on women in nonviolent mobilization stems directly from my research on gendered invisibility with an empirical focus on women's gendered socialization. Here, I review how gendered social structures shape women's power of participation and success in nonviolent mobilization.
Analysis of Accuracy of Biaxial Tests Based on their Computational Simulations
Authors: Slazansky M. , Polzer S. , Man V. , Bursa J.
Published: September 2016

Design of biaxial tension testing rig has a significant influence on quality of the measured stress–strain data. The paper analyses the effect of test parameters on the accuracy of results. Finite element simulations of biaxial tension tests were realized, and the resulting stress–strain curves (evaluated in the same manner as in real experiments) compared with the input ones by means of coefficient of determination R2. The investigated parameters were type (hooks or narrow clamps), number (2÷5) and size (0.25÷5 mm) of gripping elements, specimen size (18÷33 mm), testing protocol (different displacement ratios) and specimen material (healthy artery, aneurysm tissue, elastin and intraluminal thrombus). Numerical results were compared with experiments on porcine aortas carried out with two clamps and four hooks per edge. Experiments were evaluated with respect to the obtained quality of fit and maximum achievable stresses under equibiaxial load. Two or three hooks and two narrow clamps per edge give the best accuracy for small specimens. Larger hook diameter increases the accuracy for low numbers of hooks. Non‐equibiaxial protocols show worse accuracy than equibiaxial ones. For large specimens, four and five hooks are the best choice. The experiments revealed that higher stresses can be induced by two clamps setup (median 433 versus 257 kPa in circumferential direction and median 454 versus 333 kPa in axial direction). Quality of the fit was slightly but consistently higher with the four hooks setup (mean R2 = 0.984 versus 0.9797). The number of gripping elements should be chosen with respect to the need to ensure uniform force distribution along the specimen edge. Both narrow clamps and hooks achieved a comparable accuracy regardless of material. High numbers of hooks and wide clamps should be avoided for small specimens. Compared with hooks, use of narrow clamps allowed us to reach higher load until specimen rupture.
Discovery of a novel HLA‐B*15 allele, HLA‐B*15:379, in a patient from Guinea‐Bissau
Authors: Thomsen D. , Christiansen M. , Medina C. , Erikstrup C. , Hønge B. L.
Published: September 2016

HLA‐B*15:379 differs from HLA‐B*15:03:01:01 by a c.T539G substitution in exon 3.
Spatially filtered ridge regression (SFRR): A regression framework to understanding impacts of land cover patterns on urban climate
Authors: Fan Chao , Rey Sergio J. , Myint Soe W.
Published: September 2016

Understanding the impacts of land cover pattern on the heat island effect is essential for sustainable urban development. Conventional model fitting methods have restricted ability to produce accurate estimates of the land cover‐temperature association due to the lack of procedures to address two important issues: spatial dependence in proximal spatial units and high correlations among predictor variables. In this study, we seek to develop an effective framework called spatially filtered ridge regression (SFRR) to estimate the variations in the quantity and distribution of land surface temperature (LST) in response to various land cover patterns. The SFRR effectively integrates spatial autoregressive models and ridge regression, and it achieves reliable parameter estimates with substantially reduced mean square errors. We show this by comparing the performance of the SFRR to other widely adopted models using Monte Carlo simulation followed by an empirical study over central Phoenix. Results highlight the great potential of the SFRR in producing accurate statistical estimates, providing a positive step toward informed and unbiased decision‐making across a wide variety of disciplines. (Code and data to reproduce the results in the case study are available at: https://github.com/cfan13/SFRRTGIS.git.)
Nassella trichotoma in modified tussock grasslands in New Zealand: a case study in landscape‐scale invasive plant population monitoring
Authors: Bourdôt G W , Saville D J
Published: September 2016

An extensive metapopulation of Nassella trichotoma (nassella tussock) distributed over 878 properties, mostly pastoral farms, in the Hurunui District of North Canterbury, New Zealand, has been the subject of a regional management plan since 1941, that aimed at ‘eradication’ and more recently ‘progressive control’. Here, we describe the implementation, analysis and interpretation of a monitoring programme designed to quantify the expected decline in the weed's population. For this purpose, an annual stratified random survey was initiated in 1998. Properties were allocated to strata primarily according to their N. trichotoma plant population sizes, and sample size per stratum was determined using an optimal allocation procedure. Annually, the N. trichotoma plants on random transects within ‘homogeneous areas’ on each of about 50 randomly selected properties were counted, and the metapopulation density estimated. After adjustment for ‘ease of detection’ during monitoring, regression analysis revealed that the metapopulation of N. trichotoma has been stable from 1998 until 2014. The adaptive management response could be either to change the management to achieve population decline or change the objective to one of maintaining the stability in the metapopulation. This case study has many species‐specific features, but nevertheless, serves as an illustration of a general methodology for monitoring.
Do the introductions by botanical gardens facilitate the invasion of Solidago canadensis (Asterceae) in China?
Authors: Guo X , Ren M , Ding J
Published: September 2016

Many invasive plants have long been suspected of firstly being introduced and cultivated by a local botanical garden or nursery and then escaping into the field after adapting to the novel environment. The role of botanical gardens in the spread of invasive plants has not yet been explored experimentally. In this article, we studied the possible roles of two botanical gardens in the spread of invasive Solidago canadensis (Asterceae) in China by analysing genetic relationships of invasive and native (United States) populations with intersimple sequence repeats markers. Our results showed a high genetic variation (mean He = 0.292) and a large proportion of genetic variation (85.6%) residing within populations. Solidago canadensis was possibly introduced firstly into eastern China. The plants from Lushan Botanical Garden showed distant genetic distance from all of the other populations, suggesting that this botanical garden had little effect on the invasion of S. canadensis. Populations from Wuhan Botanical Garden in central China, however, showed close genetic relationships with local populations and populations in west and south‐west China, suggesting gene exchange between these populations. Thus, risk assessment is critical for plant introduction and conservation, as introductions of alien plants by botanical gardens may facilitate plant invasions, while plants conserved in botanical gardens may be at risk by surrounding plant invasions.
Effect of electromagnetic waves from mobile phone on immune status of male rats: possible protective role of vitamin D
Authors: El-Gohary Ola Ahmed , Said Mona Abdel-Azeem
Published: September 2016

There are considerable public concerns about the relationship between mobile phone radiation and human health. The present study assesses the effect of electromagnetic field (EMF) emitted from a mobile phone on the immune system in rats and the possible protective role of vitamin D. Rats were randomly divided into six groups: Group I: control group; Group II: received vitamin D (1000 IU/kg/day) orally; Group III: exposed to EMF 1 h/day; Group IV: exposed to EMF 2 h/day; Group V: exposed to EMF 1 h/day and received vitamin D (1000 IU/kg/day); Group VI: exposed to EMF 2 h/day and received vitamin D (1000 IU/kg/day). After 30 days of exposure time, 1 h/day EMF exposure resulted in significant decrease in immunoglobulin levels (IgA, IgE, IgM, and IgG); total leukocyte, lymphocyte, eosinophil and basophil counts; and a significant increase in neutrophil and monocyte counts. These changes were more increased in the group exposed to 2 h/day EMF. Vitamin D supplementation in EMF-exposed rats reversed these results when compared with EMF-exposed groups. In contrast, 7, 14, and 21 days of EMF exposure produced nonsignificant differences in these parameters among all experimental groups. We concluded that exposure to mobile phone radiation compromises the immune system of rats, and vitamin D appears to have a protective effect.
Topological defect formation in 1D and 2D spin chains realized by network of optical parametric oscillators
Authors: Hamerly Ryan , Inaba Kensuke , Inagaki Takahiro , Takesue Hiroki , Yamamoto Yoshihisa , Mabuchi Hideo
Published: September 2016

A network of optical parametric oscillators (OPOs) is used to simulate classical Ising and XY spin chains. The collective nonlinear dynamics of this network, driven by quantum noise rather than thermal fluctuations, seeks out the Ising/XY ground state as the system transitions from below to above the lasing threshold. We study the behavior of this “Ising machine” for three canonical problems: a 1D ferromagnetic spin chain, a 2D square lattice and problems where next-nearest-neighbor couplings give rise to frustration. If the pump turn-on time is finite, topological defects form (domain walls for the Ising model, winding number and vortices for XY) and their density can be predicted from a numerical model involving a linear “growth stage” and a nonlinear “saturation stage”. These predictions are compared against recent data for a 10,000-spin 1D Ising machine.
Measurement-induced disturbance and thermal entanglement in a two-qutrit spin system with a uniaxial field
Authors: Bai Xue-Min , Li Jun-Qi , Liang J.-Q.
Published: September 2016

We investigate in this paper measurement-induced disturbance (MID) and negativity in a two-spin-qutrit model by considering the influence of the external magnetic field, nonlinear coupling parameter, the uniaxial field and temperature. It is shown that all of these parameters play a significant role in negativity and MID. We make an explicit comparison between the negativity and MID and disclose some interesting results. By the way, we find that negativity is a better measure than MID to detect the sudden point in a finite temperature, which is obviously different from the previous findings.
Controlling chaos in some laser systems via variable coupling and feedback time delays
Authors: Shahverdiev E. M.
Published: September 2016

We study numerically a system of two lasers cross-coupled optoelectronically with a time delay where the output intensity of each laser modulates the pump current of the other laser. We demonstrate control of chaos via variable coupling time delay by converting the laser intensity chaos to the steady-state. We also show that wavelength chaos in an electrically tunable distributed Bragg reflector (DBR) laser diode with a feedback loop that can be controlled via variable feedback time delay.
Phase-matching condition of four-wave mixing in cylindrical nonlinear optical media
Authors: Ranjbar Monireh , Bahari Ali
Published: September 2016

Propagation of cylindrical waves in homogeneous and inhomogeneous nonlinear optical media has been investigated theoretically. The coupled-wave equations for a homogeneous and inhomogeneous nonlinear media have been investigated numerically. For homogeneous media, calculations show that phase-matching condition is not fulfilled and efficiency of output wave is very low, but for inhomogeneous media, phase-matching condition is nearly fulfilled and the generated wave amplitude of the four-wave mixing (FWM) is much larger than the homogeneous media. The effect of effective nonlinear optical coefficient [Formula: see text] on the generated wave amplitude for inhomogeneous media has been investigated.
Micromagnetic simulation of hysteresis loop of elliptic permalloy nanorings
Authors: Mishra Amaresh Chandra
Published: September 2016

Magnetic hysteresis behavior of isotropic permalloy elliptic nanorings of outer semi-major axis length [Formula: see text] 100 nm and thickness [Formula: see text] 20 nm were studied with respect to the variation of two parameters: outer semiminor axis length [Formula: see text] and the difference between outer and inner dimensions [Formula: see text]. The outer semiminor axis length [Formula: see text] varied from 90 nm to 20 nm which covers from nearly circular nanoring to elliptic nanoring of high aspect ratio. The value of [Formula: see text] varied in steps of 10 nm. Micromagnetic simulation of in-plane hysteresis curve of these nanorings revealed that the remanent state of all of these elliptic rings are onion states if the magnetic field is applied along the longer side of the elliptic rings. If the magnetic field is applied along the shorter side, then the remanent states turn out to be vortex state. The hysteresis loss indicated by area of the hysteresis loop was found to be decreasing gradually with the increment of either [Formula: see text] or [Formula: see text]. On the other hand, the remanent magnetization increased with increment of [Formula: see text] but decreased with the increment of [Formula: see text]. The changes were attributed to three parameters mainly: inner curvature, exchange energy and demagnetization energy. The changes in loop area were discussed in light of variation of these three parameters.
Bilinear forms and dark-soliton solutions for a fifth-order variable-coefficient nonlinear Schrödinger equation in an optical fiber
Authors: Zhao Chen , Gao Yi-Tian , Lan Zhong-Zhou , Yang Jin-Wei , Su Chuan-Qi
Published: September 2016

In this paper, a fifth-order variable-coefficient nonlinear Schrödinger equation is investigated, which describes the propagation of the attosecond pulses in an optical fiber. Via the Hirota’s method and auxiliary functions, bilinear forms and dark one-, two- and three-soliton solutions are obtained. Propagation and interaction of the solitons are discussed graphically: We observe that the solitonic velocities are only related to [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text], the coefficients of the second-, third-, fourth- and fifth-order terms, respectively, with [Formula: see text] being the scaled distance, while the solitonic amplitudes are related to [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text] as well as the wave number. When [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] are the constants, or the linear, quadratic and trigonometric functions of [Formula: see text], we obtain the linear, parabolic, cubic and periodic dark solitons, respectively. Interactions between (among) the two (three) solitons are depicted, which can be regarded to be elastic because the solitonic amplitudes remain unchanged except for some phase shifts after each interaction in an optical fiber.
Band surgery on knots and links, III
Authors: Kanenobu Taizo
Published: September 2016

We give two criteria of links concerning a band surgery: The first one is a condition on the determinants of links which are related by a band surgery using Nakanishi’s criterion on knots with Gordian distance one. The second one is a criterion on knots with [Formula: see text]-Gordian distance two by using a special value of the Jones polynomial, where an [Formula: see text]-move is a band surgery preserving a component number. Then, we give an improved table of [Formula: see text]-Gordian distances between knots with up to seven crossings, where we add Zeković’s result.
Structural Damage Detection Using FRF Data, 2D-PCA, Artificial Neural Networks and Imperialist Competitive Algorithm Simultaneously
Authors: Khoshnoudian Faramarz , Talaei Saeid , Fallahian Milad
Published: September 2016

In this study, a promising pattern recognition based approach is introduced for structural damage identification using the measured dynamic data. The frequency response function (FRF) is preferably employed as the input of the proposed algorithm since it contains the most information of structural dynamic characteristics. The 2D principal component analysis (2D-PCA) is used to reduce the large size of FRFs data. The output data generated by the 2D-PCA are used to extract the damage indexes for each of the damage scenarios. A dataset of all probable damage indexes is provided; of which 30% are selected to form the train dataset and to be compared with the unknown damage index for an unidentified state of the structure. The sum of absolute errors (SAE) are calculated between the unknown damage index and the selected indexes from the dataset; of which the minimum refers to the most similar damage condition to the unknown one. The artificial neural networks (ANNs) are used to form a smooth function of the SAEs and the imperialist competitive algorithm (ICA) is utilized to minimize this function in order to find the location and severity of the damages of the unknown state of the structure. To validate the proposed method, the damage identification of a truss bridge structure and a two-story frame structure is conducted by considering all the single damage cases as well as multi damage scenarios. In addition, the robustness of the proposed method to measurement noise up to 20% is thoroughly investigated.
TEMPORAL NETWORK ANALYSIS OF LITERARY TEXTS
Authors: PRADO SANDRA D. , DAHMEN SILVIO R. , BAZZAN ANA L.C. , CARRON PADRAIG MAC , KENNA RALPH
Published: September 2016

We study temporal networks of characters in literature focussing on Alice’s Adventures in Wonderland (1865) by Lewis Carroll and the anonymous La Chanson de Roland (around 1100). The former, one of the most influential pieces of nonsense literature ever written, describes the adventures of Alice in a fantasy world with logic plays interspersed along the narrative. The latter, a song of heroic deeds, depicts the Battle of Roncevaux in 778 A.D. during Charlemagne’s campaign on the Iberian Peninsula. We apply methods recently developed by Taylor et al. [Taylor, D., Myers, S. A., Clauset, A., Porter, M. A. and Mucha, P. J., Eigenvector-based centrality measures for temporal networks, CoRR (2015).] to find time-averaged eigenvector centralities, Freeman indices and vitalities of characters. We show that temporal networks are more appropriate than static ones for studying stories, as they capture features that the time-independent approaches fail to yield.
Modified Chaotic Bat Algorithm Based Counter Propagation Neural Network for Uncertain Nonlinear Discrete Time System
Authors: Singh Uday Pratap , Jain Sanjeev
Published: September 2016

Weight and bias connection are important features of neural networks, which is still challenging for researchers. In this work, we focus on initial weights and bias connection of counter propagation network (CPN) using modified chaotic bat algorithm (MCBA) i.e., MCBA-CPN for uncertain nonlinear systems and compare it with CPN using chaotic bat algorithm (CBA) i.e., CBA-CPN. Chaotic function is used for pulse frequency of bats in MCBA. We have implemented CBA and MCBA, which are based on the consideration of the global solution in the sound intensity adjustment. MCBA-CPN is applied on different uncertain nonlinear systems and Mackey–Glass time series data to test the concert in terms of prediction accuracy. Proposed method is validated through statistical testing like chi-square and [Formula: see text]-test demonstrate that the difference between target and output of proposed method are acceptable. Finally, MCBA-CPN is applied to a real world problem for prediction of milk production data.
A New Parallel GA-Based Method for Constraint Satisfaction Problems
Authors: Abbasian Reza , Mouhoub Malek
Published: September 2016

Despite some success of Genetic Algorithms (GAs) when tackling Constraint Satisfaction Problems (CSPs), they generally suffer from poor crossover operators. In order to overcome this limitation in practice, we propose a novel crossover specifically designed for solving CSPs including Temporal CSPs (TCSPs). Together with a variable ordering heuristic and an integration into a parallel architecture, this proposed crossover enables the solving of large and hard problem instances as demonstrated by the experimental tests conducted on randomly generated CSPs and TCSPs based on the model RB. We will indeed demonstrate, through these tests, that our proposed method is superior to the known GA-based techniques for CSPs. In addition, we will show that we are able to compete with the efficient MAC-based Abscon 109 solver for random problem instances as well as those instances taken from Lecoutre’s CSP library. Finally, we conducted additional tests on very large consistent and over constrained CSPs and TCSPs instances in order to show the ability of our method to deal with constraint problems in real time. This corresponds to solving the CSP or the TCSP by giving a solution with a quality (number of solved constraints) depending on the time allocated for computation.
THE EFFECTS OF VASOPRESSIN ON THE PROGRESSION OF CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE AND ITS POTENTIAL TREATMENT USING VASOPRESSIN RECEPTOR ANTAGONISTS IN THE FIELD OF VETERINARY MEDICINE
Authors: Liu Hung-Ting , Chen Li-Ting , Chuang Tsai-Fan , Chang Hui-Wen , Kao Hao-Hsiang , Tsai Pei-Shiue Jason
Published: September 2016

Vasopressin (VP) is a nine-amino-acid antidiuretic hormone (ADH) released by hypothalamus and acts on various organs via three distinct G protein-coupled receptors, V1aR, V2R, V1bR (V3R). Large-scale retrospective study carried out in human patients indicated positive correlation between serum VP level and kidney disease severity. Currently, VP receptor antagonists are used to treat hyponatremia, autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD), heart failure, cirrhosis, and syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion (SIADH) in human patients; however, in the field of veterinary medicine, although the prevalence for chronic kidney disease (CKD) increases (up to 50%) along the age of companion animals, the treatment options for CKD cats and dogs are limited at this moment. In this article, we review information on the beneficial effects of VP receptor antagonists on the treatment of CKD and to provide supporting evidence for their potential applications in the field of veterinary medicine.
The G20’s Role in Fulfilling the UN 2030 Agenda
Authors: Chun Zhang
Published: September 2016

Thanks to their huge potential and effective toolkit, the Group of Twenty (G20) countries have exhibited strong resolve to implement the United Nations 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development (UN 2030 Agenda). Their joint endeavor will, in turn, facilitate the transition of the G20 from an ad hoc mechanism to a long-term institution for sustainable development. With regard to the remaining gap of political willingness among countries and the absence of behavioral rules in implementing the Agenda, the coordinating authority of the G20 should be strengthened and the existing institutions reformed. Specific measures must be taken, which include: (a) strengthening the coordinating capability of the Development Working Group under the G20 (G20-DWG); (b) making the G20 an example for the rest of the world in realizing the Agenda; (c) calling for an upgraded version of the common but differentiated responsibility (CBDR) principle; (d) strengthening coordination with related organizations for the follow-up and review mechanisms of the Agenda; (e) enhancing public awareness of those post-MDG targets and lost-targets to strengthen the central role of the G20 in implementing the Agenda; and (f) making the G20 a long-term leader in supporting development rights of the developing world.
Prognostic Factors Affecting the Clinical Outcome of Septic Arthritis of the Shoulder
Authors: Cho Chul-Hyun , Oh Geon-Myeong
Published: September 2016

Background: The objective of this study was to determine prognostic factors affecting the clinical outcome of septic arthritis of the shoulder.

Methods: We retrospectively reviewed 34 shoulders from 32 patients, two of which had bilateral involvement. Arthroscopic (22 shoulders) or open surgery (12 shoulders) was performed by a single surgeon. The mean follow-up period was 32.4 ± 17.0 months. Clinical outcomes according to the University of California at Los Angeles (UCLA) score, American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons (ASES) score, and Subjective Shoulder Value (SSV) were assessed at the final follow-up period. Various factors were included for statistical analysis.

Results: The mean UCLA, ASES scores, and SSV were 28.9 ± 7.2, 81.3 ± 21.0, 79.7 ± 2.5%, respectively. Positive culture was observed in only 13 shoulders (38.2%) and the most common organism was Staphylococcus aureus (seven shoulders). Five shoulders (14.7%) required two or three operations. Age and comorbidity were negatively correlated with the UCLA, ASES score, and/or SSV (p < 0.05). There was no correlation between clinical outcome and various parameters, including gender, location of lesion, history of previous steroid injection, interval between onset of symptoms and surgical intervention, bacterial organisms, operative method, and presence of rotator cuff tear and reoperation (p > 0.05).

Conclusions: Both arthroscopic and open surgery for septic shoulders showed satisfactory clinical outcomes. Old age and comorbidity were poor prognostic factors of clinical outcomes after treatment.