RENAL LESIONS: DIFFERENTIATION OF MALIGNANT AND BENIGN TUMORS, SEX AND AGE DISTRIBUTION AND VARIABLES ASSOCIATED WITH RENAL CELL CARCINOMA
Authors: Okbah Amin Abdulkarem , Al-Shamahy Hassan Abdulwahab , Al-Shamahi Emad Hassan , Al-Ankoshy Azhar Azher Mohammed 
Published: May 2022

Background:   In Yemen there are only a few special epidemiological studies dedicated to malignancy, and for this motivation it is necessary to strengthen, update, construct and continue to afford studies on tumor comportments with the plan of achieving better influence on public health, with early diagnosis and suitable treatment with the plan of enhance survival of living and reducing the feasible subsequent consequences of malignancy.
Aims: The study designed to illustrate the different types of kidney cancer (KC), the gender and age distribution of the cancer, and to identify the different types of them and their correlation with invasion and gradation; and its association with age groups and gender.
Materials and methods:  A retrospective observational study was performed on renal masses patients who were consequently diagnosed selectively by histopathological study in the National Center for Public Health Laboratories (NCPHL) at the Department of Pathology, and the Department of Pathology in Al-Thorah university hospital, Sana'a, Yemen, over a period of 18 years from January 1, 2004 to December 31, 2021.  Data were collected from hospital records. The study variables were lesions histological types, benign, malignancy, non-neoplastic lesions, sex, grades and age. The whole data were analyzed by IBM SPSS Statistics 22.Ink. The outcomes for variables were given in the form of rates (%). Chi Square was used for categorical variables that measured association among categorical variables. P-values less than 0.05 were considered significant.
Results: Malignant tumors accounted for 177/282 (62.8%) of the total kidney lesions, renal cell carcinoma (RCC) was the most common type of cancer with 126/282 (44.7%), followed by Wilms tumors 47/282 (16.7%), while non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma reported 3 cases (1.1%) and mucinous carcinoma one case (0.35%). Benign tumors accounted for 14/282 (5%), and non-neoplastic lesions accounted for 91/282 (32.3%). Concerning RCC, the average diameter of RCC is 8.9 cm. GI 40/126 (31.7%) with mean tumor diameter equal to 5.8 cm; GII was the most frequent grade 63/126 (50%).
Conclusion:  Renal cell carcinoma in Yemeni adults presents at an early age with an increased incidence among the female sex with a relatively larger tumor size. It appears that there has been a slight improvement in the diagnosis of kidney cancer in Yemen over the past 18 years.
                          
Peer Review History:
Received: 4 March 2022; Revised: 12 April; Accepted: 28 April, Available online: 15 May 2022
Academic Editor: Dr. Jennifer Audu-Peter, University of Jos, Nigeria, drambia44@gmail.com
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Received file:                                Reviewer's Comments:
Average Peer review marks at initial stage: 6.0/10
Average Peer review marks at publication stage: 7.0/10
Reviewers:
Eyassu Mathewos, Department of Nursing, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Wachamo University, Durame Campus, Durame, Ethiopia, eyumathi@gmail.com
Dr. Vanina Doris Edo’o, University of Yaounde I, Yaounde, Cameroun, vanina_edoo@yahoo.com
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