bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Gibt es ein Asymmetrie-Problem in der Genealogie der nachmetaphysischen Vernunft?
Authors: Gordon Peter E.
Published: April 2021

This essay places some conceptual pressure on the model of a “learning process” in Jürgen Habermas’s Auch eine Geschichte der Philosophie, and it asks whether this model introduces a subtle asymmetry into the relationship between religion and secular philosophy. Such an asymmetry would seem to obtain insofar as religious tradition is granted a privileged or unique status as the source of normative insights that are then available for rational scrutiny and translation into secular life. The essay also draws a comparison between Lessing and Habermas: Lessing, like Habermas, saw revelation as a source of instruction for humanity, and affirmed that religion could thereby play a role in the Erziehung des Menschengeschlechts. But Lessing was careful to say that no valuable normative contents are found in religion that could not also be derived by secular reason alone. Habermas’s genealogy of post-metaphysical thinking does not seem to confirm Lessing’s idea; instead, it appears to confirm an asymmetry in the relation between religion and secular philosophy.
Replik
Authors: Habermas Jürgen
Published: April 2021

With these comments I try to explain why I am not quite convinced by the objections of four colleagues who touch on relevant issues of great weight. Axel Honneth claims that I failed to take into account the systematic weight of the Aristotelian tradition which I pursue only up until Thomas Aquinas (1). Peter Gordon points to an asymmetry in the presentation of the discourse between faith and knowledge that allegedly calls into question the independence of what philosophy developed, by its own standards, from an appropriation of semantic contents of religious traditions (2). Regina Kreide and Tilo Wesche explain the central intention that in fact guided me in this book, but criticise the one-sidedness of an undialectical account of learning processes, in whose shadow the victims tend to be neglected (3).
Car reliability analysis based on periodic technical tests
Authors: Dziedziak Paweł , Szczepański Tomasz , Niewczas Andrzej , Ślęzak Marcin
Published: April 2021

This article presents the results of the analysis of data from 500 vehicle control stations concerning periodic tests of passenger cars in the number of 2 million. Based on the collected data, a database of vehicles has been prepared to cover technical information, such as model, mass, engine capacity and maximum power. This information has been summarized with the exploitation data such as age of the car, distance traveled, the area in which the vehicle was most frequently used, the use for business or private purposes, and intensity of operation that was measured by the ratio of kilometers traveled to the age of the car. This information constituted a set of factors affecting the reliability of the car. Information about reliability itself was the results of control tests, including occurring defects and their significance. The occurring defects were codified, which allowed their allocation to particular categories describing car systems, such as steering, braking and driving. While the significance of the fault resulted from the test result: positive (minor defects) or negative (important defects). This article presents a factor and the correlation analysis of the database, which assesses which construction and operating factors have a significant impact on damages occurring in individual car systems.
A review on the fused deposition modeling (FDM) 3D printing: Filament processing, materials, and printing parameters
Authors: Kristiawan Ruben Bayu , Imaduddin Fitrian , Ariawan Dody , Ubaidillah  , Arifin Zainal
Published: April 2021

This study aims to review research the progress on factors that affect the 3D printing results of the fused deposition modeling (FDM) process. The review is carried out by mapping critical parameters and characteristics determining FDM parameters, the effects of each parameter, and their interaction with other parameters. The study started from the filament manufacturing process, filament material types, and printing parameters of FDM techniques. The difference in each section has determined different parameters, and the respective relationships between parameters and other determinants during printing have a significant effect on printing results. This study also identifies several vital areas of previous and future research to optimize and characterize the critical parameters of the FDM printing process and FDM filament manufacturing.
Compact four-band diplexer using defected ground structures
Authors: Li Liang , Chen Jianzhong , Chen Yuanbao
Published: April 2021

In this paper, a novel four-band diplexer using defected ground structures with compact size, low insertion loss and high isolation is presented. To begin with, there are 16 defected ground stepped impedance resonators (DSIRs) controlling four passbands characteristics. Every four DSIRs can generate one passband. Then, four different DSIRs use the same feeding line. According to the group delay, we can determine the relative physical position of the first resonator. For the demonstration, a four-band diplexer operating at 2.45/4.2 and 3.5/5.2 GHz with the fractional bandwidths of 10, 7, 6.2 and 5% is designed and fabricated. Finally, measured results agree well with simulated results.
Design and experimental verification of compact dual-band SIW power dividers with arbitrary power division
Authors: Althuwayb Ayman A. , Barik Rusan Kumar , Cheng Qingsha S. , Pradhan Nrusingha C. , Subramanian Karthikeyan S.
Published: April 2021

This paper communicates the design and experimental validation of dual-band SIW power dividers (single-stage and double-stage) with arbitrary power division. The dual-band power dividers are developed for WiMAX (3.5 GHz) and WLAN (5 GHz) applications. The proposed SIW power dividers are realized by a rectangular cavity, two rows of metallic-vias and one pair of unequal complementary split-ring resonators (CSRRs). Two resonating frequencies are produced below the waveguide cut-off frequency due to the unequal CSRRs etched-out on the top-surface of the cavity, which results in size reduction. To realize arbitrary power division, two output-ports are configured asymmetric with respect to input-port. The power division is varied by altering the distance between the two output-ports. Finally, two compact dual-frequency power dividers (single-stage and double-stage) working at 3.5 and 5 GHz are designed and validated through fabrication and measurement. The fabricated prototype exhibits dual-band operation, compact size (0.027

λ
g
2

${\lambda }_{g}^{2}$

), good magnitude imbalance, return loss and isolation.
An analysis of leaky hybrid modes depending on structural parameters in a circular dielectric rod
Authors: Kelebekler Ersoy
Published: April 2021

Open dielectric waveguides are structures used to guide electromagnetic energy in integrated circuits above the cutoff or as leaky wave antennas propagating the energy transversely out of the waveguide in a narrow region below the cutoff. In this study, the related operating regions for the hybrid EH modes of a cylindrical dielectric rod were obtained analytically. Analyses of the leaky wave characteristics of the hybrid EH modes for various radii of the rod and various dielectric constant values were performed. The guided modes existing above the cutoff with a pure real propagation constant, and the leaky wave modes existing below the cutoff with a complex propagation constant, were obtained from the coefficient matrix of the characteristic equations system of the structure using the bisection method and Davidenko’s method, respectively. Additionally, the guided modes of the structure were obtained and designated in the light of previous studies in the literature. The results show that the frequency spectrum of the antenna mode region increases as the value of the dielectric constant and the radius of the dielectric rod decrease. In addition, a circular dielectric with a smaller radius and dielectric constant had a larger frequency spectrum in the leaky wave antenna applications.
The Value of “Social” Reputation: The Protection of MNE Workers from the Consumer’s Perspective
Authors: Giaconi Marta , Giasanti Lorenzo , Varva Simone
Published: April 2021

The virtually immediate information propagation has reduced the gap of knowledge once existing between MNEs and customers (i.e. Rana Plaza collapse, 2013). Consumers begin playing an important role in supporting workers. Their growing social awareness has clear economic consequences. MNEs have tried to react to the loss of social reputation, mainly adopting (and imposing to their suppliers) codes of conduct and ethics providing a minimum standard for decent work standards. This article aims to analyze the social reputation and social sustainability that have recently attracted stakeholders’ interest, from different points of view (MNEs, consumers, government and non-government organizations, unions). Those “new” forms of social initiatives (code of conduct, social ranking, consumers campaign, boycotting) are informative and could help to spread ILO labour standards. Clearly, they can represent only an additional support for workers who are struggling in the typical conflict between Work and Capital. The tendency to use a single parameter for assessing the social sensitivity of the MNEs, valid both for the countries “in development” and for those “already developed” risks to lead to a “race to the bottom” trend.
Challenges and strategies to end child marriage
Authors: Bokaie Mahshid , Bostani Khalesi Zahra , Ashoobi Mohammad Taghi
Published: April 2021

Objectives

Child marriage is one of the most important challenges of the current era that threatens women’s health and violates human rights. The present study aimed to systematically review studies evaluating the challenges and strategies to overcome child marriage.

Content

Medical databases (CINAHL, EMBASE, MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsycINFO, SCOPUS, Web of Science, ProQuest Nursing and Allied Health Source, and Social Science Research Network, as databases for English studies and IranMedex, Google Scholar, SID, Magiran, and Iran Doc as databases for Persian studies) were systematically searched from January 2010 to February 2020. To better identify appropriate studies, reference lists of relevant studies were searched. All potentially relevant abstracts and full-text were screened by two independent reviewers. Disagreements between two reviewers that could not be resolved were resolved via arbitration or consultation of a third author.

Summary and Outlook

From 225 articles included in this review, 16 research articles met our inclusion criteria. Most of the articles were dedicated to negative health outcomes related to child marriage. Ten studies addressed the program of overcoming the Child marriage and six studies reported challenges of it. Although, many studies have shown the efficacy of strategies to decline Child marriage. On the basis of the available evidence, it seems there are a number of obstacles to end Child marriage. To delineate the most effective strategy to end Child marriage is required further research.
Transgender identity is associated with severe suicidal ideation among Finnish adolescents
Authors: Heino Elias , Fröjd Sari , Marttunen Mauri , Kaltiala Riittakerttu
Published: April 2021

Objectives

Emerging evidence reveals disparities in suicidal behaviour and ideation exist between transgender and cisgender youth. It has been hypothesized that certain gender minority specific risk factors, such as experiences of victimization, could partially explain the mental health disparities between transgender and cisgender youth. We set out to explore whether transgender identity is associated with severe suicidal ideation among Finnish adolescents and whether the possible association persist when a range of covariates is controlled for.

Methods

The study included 1,425 pupils (mean age (SD) = 15.59 (0.41)) who participated in the study during a school lesson. Logistic regression was used to study associations between transgender identity and severe suicidal ideation.

Results

Four models, each adding more covariates, were created. The final model revealed a statistically significant association between transgender identity and severe suicidal ideation, even though the association grew weaker as more covariates were added and controlled for.

Conclusions

The results indicate that transgender identity is associated with severe suicidal ideation even after prominent covariates or risk factors of suicidal behaviour and ideation have been taken into account.
Effects of aspect ratio and mushy-zone parameter on melting performance of a thermal energy storage unit filled with phase change material
Authors: Memon Azim , Gupta Anoop K.
Published: April 2021

An intermittent supply of energy from renewable or unconventional resources has resulted in the use of phase change materials (PCM) in thermal energy storage (TES) systems. In this work, melting and heat transfer characteristics in a rectangular enclosure of different aspect ratios (width to height) filled with a phase change material (PCM) have been studied numerically. The n-octadecane has been selected as the PCM (melting temp = 301.35 K, Prandtl number ∼ 60). We considered five different aspect ratios (AR) of the enclosure to delineate the effects of 9-fold variation in the aspect ratio. The simulations were carried out using ANSYS Fluent 19.2. In particular, extensive results have been presented and discussed in terms of the temperature contours, rate of melting and energy storage, and total time required to reach the fully melt condition. Additionally, the effect of the mushy zone parameter (A

mush
) on the melting performance has also been investigated. Low values of the A

mush
were seen to predict the higher rate of melting. At a fixed value of A

mush
, ∼ 3 times faster melting rate was observed as the value of AR was reduced from 3 to 1/3. Finally, it can be concluded that melting and energy storage rate largely depends on the aspect ratio of the enclosure and the optimal choice of the value of the A

mush
.
Removal of organic matter from wastewater coming from fruit juice production using solar photo-Fenton process
Authors: Poblete Rodrigo , Cortés Ernesto , Pérez Norma , Valdivia Marcos , Maldonado Manuel I.
Published: April 2021

The grape juice production generates an industrial wastewater that has a high concentration of organic matter and several polyphenols, such as ethanol. Therefore, the discharge of this wastewater can produce environmental problems. The aim of this work was to determine the optimal concentration of the reagents involved in a solar photo-Fenton process in the treatment of wastewater coming from juice. The process was analysed in a factorial design, as a function of H2O2 (900, 1000, 1100 mg/L) and Fe2+ (90, 100, 110 mg/L) concentration. The grape juice wastewater presents high organic content (20,500 mg/L COD and 5.4 mg/L polyphenols). Also, the presence of alcohols such ethanol, ethyl acetate and 2-metil-1-propanol was confirmed. The results showed that highest COD (>27%) and polyphenols removal (>36%) were obtained in experiments with 1100 mg H2O2/L and 100 mg Fe2+/L. In treatments with higher COD removal, 2-metil-1-propanol was detected as an intermediate of ethanol oxidation. These results proved that solar photo-Fenton is a suitable approach for treating the refractory organic matter from grape juice.
Effects of different drying methods on the chemical, nutritional and colour of yerba mate (Ilex paraguariensis) leaves
Authors: Tomasi Jéssica de Cássia , de Lima Gabriel Goetten , Wendling Ivar , Helm Cristiane Vieira , Hansel Fabrício Augusto , de Godoy Rossana Catie Bueno , Grunennvaldt Renata Lúcia , de Melo Tamires Oliveira , Tomazzoli Maíra Maciel , Deschamps Cícero
Published: April 2021

This work investigates the effect of different drying processes on chemical, nutritional and leaves colour characteristics for Ilex paraguariensis leaves. These processes were composed of typical drying techniques (roasting + rotary dryer and roasting + conveyor dryer), and cutting-edge techniques (microwave oven [MW], freeze-drying (FD) and oven dryer [OD]). The MW can be an alternative technique, this is because the content of phenolic compounds (77 mg/g), antioxidant capacity (DPPH and ABTS) (∼370 and ∼1040 μM TE/g), methylxanthines and caffeoylquinic acids (2–4 mg/g) were similar, and sometimes higher, to the conventional drying processes. Leaves dried with MW also exhibited satisfactory nutritional analysis for protein (16.4%), dietary fibre (52.3%), ash (6.4%), lipid (6.1%) and moisture (5.7%), implying that yerba mate is a potential source of fibre and protein. Furthermore, the MW preserved leaves green colour (high and low scores of b* and a*, respectively).
Prospects of immune checkpoint blockade and vaccine-based immunotherapy for glioblastoma
Authors: Tietze Stefanie , Michen Susanne , Schackert Gabriele , Temme Achim
Published: April 2021

Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most prevalent primary brain tumor endowed with a dismal prognosis. Nowadays, immunotherapy in a particular immune checkpoint blockade and therapeutic vaccines are being extensively pursued. Yet, several characteristics of GBM may impact such immunotherapeutic approaches. This includes tumor heterogeneity, the relatively low mutational load of primary GBM, insufficient delivery of antibodies to tumor parenchyma and the unique immunosuppressive microenvironment of GBM. Moreover, standard treatment of GBM, comprising temozolomide chemotherapy, radiotherapy and in most instances the application of glucocorticoids for management of brain edema, results in a further increased immunosuppression. This review will provide a brief introduction to the principles of vaccine-based immunotherapy and give an overview of the current clinical studies, which employed immune checkpoint inhibitors, oncolytic viruses-based vaccination, cell-based and peptide-based vaccines. Recent experiences as well as the latest developments are reviewed. Overcoming obstacles, which limit the induction and long-term immune response against GBM when using vaccination approaches, are necessary for the implementation of effective immunotherapy of GBM.
Assessment of sleep quality and its predictors among newly diagnosed psychiatric patients
Authors: Singh Hemendra , Shreyash Gandlamandakal , Ramappa Sureshbabu Angondahalli , Kanneganti Sri Prathima , Subeesh Viswam
Published: April 2021

Objectives

Poor sleep is a vital symptom observed in many psychiatric conditions and is the most neglected and underdiagnosed. The current study aims at assessment of sleep quality among psychiatric patients using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) scale and to identify the predictors of sleep quality.

Methods

A hospital-based cross-sectional observational study conducted in the Psychiatry department with a sample size of 256 patients for six months. PSQI scale was used to assess sleep quality and multiple logistic regression was used (to identify) the predictors for poor sleep quality.

Results

The mean age of the study population was 37.95 ± 14.11 years, with 148 (58%) male study participants. 192 (75%) of the study population had poor sleep quality with respect to PSQI scale with a mean score of 9.05 ± 4.65 that was well above the expected range (0–5) suggestive of compromised quality of sleep (p=0.001). Poor sleep satisfaction, waking up after the sleep onset, anorexia, day time drowsiness and at least one completely sleepless night in the past one week of admission were identified as good predictors for poor sleep quality.

Conclusions

Our study addresses the importance of assessing sleep quality regardless of the psychiatric conditions. We recommend screening patients if they have Poor sleep satisfaction, waking up after the sleep onset, anorexia, day time drowsiness or at least one completely sleepless night in the past one week of admission predictors for comorbid sleep disorders.
The Fall and Rise of Market Power in Europe
Authors: Weche John P. , Wambach Achim
Published: April 2021

This paper presents an analysis of the recent developments of average market power in Europe by using a broad firm-level database for EU member states. To indicate competitive pressure at the firm-level, markups are estimated following De Loecker, J. (2011). Recovering markups from production data. Int. J. Ind. Organ. 29: 350–355, and De Loecker, J. and Warzynski, F. (2012). Markups and firm-level export status. Am. Econ. Rev. 102: 2437–2471. The analysis reveals a sharp drop in markups during the crisis, followed by a post-crisis increase. The European average has not yet reached its pre-crisis level, which is in contrast to results for the US, where average markups have climbed to pre-crisis levels already in 2011. There is significant heterogeneity among European economies and the pre-crisis levels do have been exceeded in some countries.
Die Entstehung des Reformatorenbildes: Luther und Honterus im Vergleich
Authors: Leppin Volker
Published: April 2021

Due to the rather different source situation, comparing the formation of a Reformer’s image in the cases of Luther and Honterus is not an easy task. For Luther, the article therefore concentrates on the early historiography of his environment. In doing so, it becomes apparent that his role more and more was described as an active one. With this, the understanding of Reformation as liberation came to the fore. Hence, salvation-historical categories predominated. In contrast, the interpretation of Reformation as an educational event was in the foreground in Honterus, for whom above all some utterings of Schesaeus could be drawn upon. Despite this clear orientation towards the humanistic ideal, Luther still remained emphasized as spurring the entire movement. While Luther was seen as marking the shift in salvation history from the time of the Antichrist to the Gospel, Honter focused on the transition from a disordered society to one structured by education.
Die reformatorischen Bekenntnisse in Ungarn und Siebenbürgen (1545–1572)
Authors: Csepregi Zoltán
Published: April 2021

Originally, the local confessions served to account for the religious and secular authorities in matters of religion. They also formed a written basis for the legal unification of the affected communities, later they ensured the unity of the pastors in teaching, and finally they offered the community the legal basis for demanding new rights (the primacy or solitude of the denomination) based on old privileges. Over time, other functions were added to the original function of the confessions, so that a complex process of reception emerged. There was a general conception of ‘Catholicity’ that was claimed by the creeds insofar as they referred to the tradition of the Christian church. The interdependence with the theological development in Germany is evident not least from the fact that literary models such as the Confessio Augustana were used to write these texts.
Kurshalten im Konflikt: Die an Wittenberg orientierten Siebenbürger Bekenntnisschriften und ihre Begutachtung an deutschen Universitäten (1557–1572)
Authors: Kolb Robert
Published: April 2021

Groups of pastors in Siebenbürgen issued three confessions of faith between 1557 and 1572 – the Consensus Doctrinae (1557), the Brevis Confessio (1561), and the Formula pii consensus (1572) – in which they defended their view of the Lord’s Supper in line with Wittenberg teaching against medieval teaching and against challenges from Swiss Reformed theologians. These documents reflect both conditions in Siebenbürgen and the streams of thinking in the wider environment of Luther’s and Melanchthon’s followers. The Brevis Confessio was published with memoranda from four German universities and letters from several theologians supporting its formulations. The first two documents largely tend toward Luther’s expression of the doctrine of the real presence, while the third uses language employed by both Wittenberg teachers, avoiding controversial expressions. This last confession strives toward consensus among the followers of the Wittenberg preceptors.
Der erste evangelische Superintendent in Siebenbürgen Paul Wiener (1495–1554): eine Brücke zwischen Laibach, Wien und Hermannstadt
Authors: Schwarz Karl W.
Published: April 2021

The article is dedicated to the theologian Paul Wiener, a native of Carniola, who after his studies achieved a remarkable ecclesiastical career and turned into the most influential Church figure in Ljubljana. Under the influence of his colleague Truber, he was won over to the theological concerns of the Reformation, but was arrested by the Catholic ruler in 1546 for his Reformation stance. Under interrogation, he refused the suggested recantation and wrote instead a defense, which was considered a “complete apology of the Reformation” and referred to throughout Luther’s main Reformation writings. The trial ended with Wiener’s pardon, but he was exiled to Transylvania, where he was appointed preacher and town pastor. Elected the first superintendent of the Transylvanian Lutheran Church in 1553, he displayed a Wittenberg-oriented theology and ministry, especially in ordinations, where he placed the greatest emphasis on the Confessio Augustana. His Church leadership was, however, limited, as he died of the plague in 1554.
Philipp Melanchthons Beziehungen zu Ungarn und Siebenbürgen im Spiegel von Netzwerken und Korrespondenzen
Authors: Mundhenk Christine
Published: April 2021

For decades, Melanchthon maintained intensive relationships with Hungary. Students from there formed the largest group of foreign students at Wittenberg University. Melanchthon supported them during their studies and kept in touch with some of them after they returned to their home country. Networks were necessary, so that letters and messages reached their recipients. By writing letters of recommendation to others, Melanchthon enabled his students to establish contacts and to build up their own network. At the Coetus Hungaricus existing at Wittenberg University the Hungarian students also made contacts, which were useful to them later. Edited correspondences allow to track down and describe such interlinking. A network of contacts in Hungary can be depicted between Johannes Honterus, Valentin Wagner, Georg Werner, Sigismund Tordai-Gelous, Mátyás Dévai Bíró and Gáspár Heltai. The relations between them as well as the close contact with Melanchthon provided mutual assurance and helped to control the doctrine adopted from Wittenberg.
Das Corpus Doctrinae Philippicum und seine Nachwirkung
Authors: Dingel Irene
Published: April 2021

Hardly any corpus doctrinae had as intensive a reception and as wide a dissemination as the Corpus Doctrinae Philippicum (1560). Situating it in the history of the concept of a corpus doctrinae and briefly sketching its origin and goal elucidate the function and significance of this collection of Melanchthon’s writings. An intensive investigation reveals however any connection of this work with the development of the Reformation in Siebenbürgen (ung. Erdély, rum. Transilvania) in the later 16th century. The records of the Siebenbürgen synods mention the Corpus Doctrinae Philippicum occasionally, revealing the extent to which it served as a norm for public teaching. Unique and characteristic for Siebenbürgen is that the Formula of Concord (1577) did not replace this Corpus Doctrinae; it remained influential long into the seventeenth century. It was however interpreted within the horizon of a Wittenberg theology that was marked by the pre-confessional harmony and doctrinal agreement between Luther and Melanchthon while seeking to ignore Philippist interpretations and focusing on the common teachings of both reformers.
Access and Inclusion in Emergency Management Online Education: Challenges Exposed by the COVID-19 Pivot
Authors: Hackerott Caroline S. , Provencio Alyssa L. , Santos-Hernandez Jenniffer M.
Published: April 2021

This paper reviews the extant literature on the development of online education within the discipline of emergency management and identifies areas exposed by the COVID-19 pivot needing further examination. We suggest utilizing a Scholarship of Teaching and Learning framework to identify best practices for responding to issues of access and inclusion.
Alternating minimization methods for strongly convex optimization
Authors: Tupitsa Nazarii , Dvurechensky Pavel , Gasnikov Alexander , Guminov Sergey
Published: April 2021

We consider alternating minimization procedures for convex and non-convex optimization problems with the vector of variables divided into several blocks, each block being amenable for minimization with respect to its variables while maintaining other variables blocks constant. In the case of two blocks, we prove a linear convergence rate for an alternating minimization procedure under the Polyak–Łojasiewicz (PL) condition, which can be seen as a relaxation of the strong convexity assumption. Under the strong convexity assumption in the many-blocks setting, we provide an accelerated alternating minimization procedure with linear convergence rate depending on the square root of the condition number as opposed to just the condition number for the non-accelerated method.
We also consider the problem of finding an approximate non-negative solution to a linear system of equations

A
⁢
x

=
y

{Ax=y}

with alternating minimization of Kullback–Leibler (KL) divergence between Ax and y.
Short report: craniosynostosis, a late complication of nutritional rickets
Authors: Forestier-Zhang Lydia Y. , Arundel Paul , Gilbey-Cross Robyn , Mughal Mohammed Zulf , Offiah Amaka C. , Cheung Moira S.
Published: April 2021

Objectives

Nutritional rickets may be a preventable cause of craniosynostosis. This potential association is under-recognised. A late diagnosis of craniosynostosis may result in reduced brain growth, raised intracranial pressure and long-term psychosocial problems.

Case presentation

We present four cases of craniosynostosis associated with nutritional rickets. Those who had delayed presentation underwent emergency craniotomy.

Conclusions

Treatment of nutritional rickets and early identification of craniosynostosis can reduce morbidity in these children.
Childhood obesity as a safeguarding issue: positive experiences with the “new home” environment as a treatment for weight management
Authors: Cramer Rebecca J. , Augustus Rhian , Shield Julian P. H. , Giri Dinesh
Published: April 2021

Objectives

Childhood obesity can lead to acute and chronic comorbidities and adult obesity, highlighting the need for prompt intervention. Families and caregivers play a vital role in treatment and when primary interventions fail, this may become a child protection issue.

Case presentation

We present two cases of severe childhood obesity where targeted lifestyle interventions failed to impact weight status. Both cases feature child welfare involvement with patients coming into the care of the local authority (under s20 of the Children Act 1989). Foster placement resulted in significant weight loss and improved BMI achieved through reduced portions, healthier choices, restricted calories to recommended daily intake for age and increased activity. Physical and emotional wellbeing benefits were observed and improvements in obesity related comorbidities.

Conclusions

Failure to reduce a child’s weight alone does not constitute a child protection issue. In severe cases, where maximum intervention has failed and when the child has obesity related comorbidites or at a higher risk of developing them, home environment change should be considered in the child’s best interest as a treatment for severe childhood obesity.
Property Rights with Respect to Modern Money: A Libertarian Justification
Authors: Ackermans Lennart B.
Published: April 2021

The traditional Lockean justification of property rights has been argued to be no longer valid in a world in which much wealth does not derive from acquisitions of natural resources, and in which much property, such as money, is intangible. This means that libertarians need to reconsider whether and why property rights are justified for objects that fall outside of the scope of the Lockean justification. This paper gives a justification of property rights in relation to modern money, which uses the self-ownership principle as its central premise. Since modern money is a form of credit, I start with a justification of credit property rights. I then consider both money under gold convertibility and present-day fiat systems, showing that the justification of credit property rights remains valid under these conditions.
Kriminalität der Armen – Kriminalisierung von Armut?
Authors: Neubacher Frank , Bögelein Nicole
Published: April 2021

Einem etwaigen Zusammenhang von Armut und Kriminalität kann man vor dem Hintergrund eines ätiologischen Paradigmas nachgehen und untersuchen, ob und inwiefern Armut Kriminalität »verursacht«. In der Tradition der herrschaftskritischen Kriminologie kann man mit dem etikettierungstheoretischen Paradigma aber auch danach fragen, wo und wie Arme durch die Instanzen sozialer Kontrolle diskriminiert bzw. kriminalisiert werden. Und man kann – drittens – beide Perspektiven einnehmen und für relevant erachten. Das ist die Position, die diesem Beitrag zugrunde liegt und dessen Ziel es ist, den jeweiligen Forschungs- und Diskussionsstand zu bilanzieren. Dazu gehört auch, dass wir zwischen dem Risiko der Straffälligkeit und dem Risiko der Bestrafung unterscheiden. Für all das bedarf es zunächst einer Klärung der Begriffe von »Armut« und »Kriminalität«, die den theoretischen Ausführungen und der Darlegung des Forschungsstandes vorangestellt wird. In einem zweiten Hauptteil widmen wir uns dann am Beispiel von Deutschland konkret der Frage einer möglichen Kriminalisierung bzw. Diskriminierung von Armen durch Gesetzgebung, Rechtsprechung und Rechtsanwendung. Besonders befassen wir uns mit dem Problem der Ersatzfreiheitsstrafe und zeigen auf, dass diese Art der ersatzweisen Geldstrafenvollstreckung vor allem sozial Benachteiligte trifft.
Deconstructing neoliberalism through critical reflection, participatory and emancipatory action research in second language learning and teaching
Authors: Ordem Eser
Published: April 2021

This study aims to motivate researchers, teachers and learners to utilize critical social research methodology in the field of second language learning and teaching in which neoliberalism and neocolonialism have been profoundly embedded and overwhelmingly dominant. Therefore, critical reflection (CR), participatory action (PAR) and emancipatory action research (EAR) have been contextualized in the setting of English as a new language (ENL) in Turkey. It has been emphasized that socio-political issues that are excluded from ENL curriculum and settings can be included through critical social research that aims to oppose, deconstruct and reverse the widely accepted neoliberal policies. The firmly established hegemony, ideology and economic structure of neoliberalism in ENL can be resisted by changing the method of research methodology into a more transformative, revolutionary, radical and emancipatory mode of research. An example of how this kind of participatory and emancipatory action research could be carried out in Turkey was presented and suggested. In addition, the importance of linguistic human rights as a social and linguistic change has been emphasized.
Promoting divergent leadership philosophies to improve student success outcomes for black and brown students in higher education
Authors: Petty Nicholas , King-White Dakota , Banks Tachelle
Published: April 2021

Throughout the United States there are millions of Black and Brown students starting the process of attending college. However, research indicates that students from traditionally marginalized groups are less likely than their counterparts to complete the process and graduate college (Shapiro et al., 2017). While retention rates for students from traditionally marginalized backgrounds continue to decline, universities are beginning to pay attention to the needs of this population in search of ways of better supporting them. The examination of these factors may also inform programmatic adjustments, leadership philosophies, and future practices to help retain students and lead to eventual completion of a baccalaureate degree. In this article, the authors review the literature to explore factors that can affect Black and Brown students’ completion rates in higher education. By reviewing the literature and the factors impacting Black and Brown students, the authors share with readers initiatives at one university that are being used to support students from a strengths-based approach.
Encroachment and Reaction of Civil Society in Non-liberal Democracies: The Case of Israel and the New Israel Fund
Authors: Katz Hagai , Gidron Benjamin
Published: April 2021

Recent decades have seen a major political shift in many nations, manifested in democratic regression, rise of populist non-liberal democracies, resurgence of extreme right, infractions against democratic watchdogs, and increasing nationalism and unilateralism. A central manifestation of this process is the active encroachment by governments on civil society, and particularly on its liberal elements. These manifestations allegedly emanate from resistance to the liberal world order and to threats from pressures imported by national NGOs, and are made possible by changing political opportunity structures. We explore the case of Israel, through an analysis of the New Israel Fund (NIF), as a particular yet demonstrative example of these dynamics. The manifestations of civil society encroachment in Israel include concerted and coordinated actions meant to weaken and delegitimize left-wing civil society actors and their supporters and donors, by Israel’s right-wing governments and their NGO allies, through legislation and rhetorical assaults; attempts to curb international funding of human rights organizations; and differential treatment of civil society organizations according to political stance. Interviews with former and current leaders of the NIF show that the attacks have galvanized liberal civil society actors to counteract, and drove them from passive response to active and strategic engagement, professionalization of media work and program evaluation, adjustment of public relations and legal strategies, and even adjustment of programmatic choice, shifting focus to supporting the infrastructure of civil society and democracy. The discussion stresses pressures by international illiberal forces, alongside the backlash to liberal world society, as causes for encroachment, and highlights the less explored reactions of civil society actors to such encroachment.
Melite Civitas Romana in 3D: Virtualization Project of the Archaeological Park and Museum of the Domus Romana of Rabat, Malta
Authors: Tanasi Davide , Hassam Stephan , Kingsland Kaitlyn , Trapani Paolo , King Matthew , Calì Denise
Published: April 2021

The archaeological site of the Domus Romana in Rabat, Malta was excavated almost 100 years ago yielding artefacts from the various phases of the site. The Melite Civitas Romana project was designed to investigate the domus, which may have been the home of a Roman Senator, and its many phases of use. Pending planned archaeological excavations designed to investigate the various phases of the site, a team from the Institute for Digital Exploration from the University of South Florida carried out a digitization campaign in the summer of 2019 using terrestrial laser scanning and aerial digital photogrammetry to document the current state of the site to provide a baseline of documentation and plan the coming excavations. In parallel, structured light scanning and photogrammetry were used to digitize 128 artefacts in the museum of the Domus Romana to aid in off-site research and create a virtual museum platform for global dissemination.
Microscopic Re-Examination of an Unique Bone Artefact: The Figure of a Theatrical Actor Found at The Roman Fort Iža/Leányvár (Slovakia)
Authors: David Éva , Hrnčiarik Erik
Published: April 2021

In 1955, a figure, representing a comic actor, was discovered on a spoil heal in the Roman Fort of Iža. It is a unique find without close parallels in the whole of the Roman Empire, making it difficult to determine from which object it was derived or what was its function. The results of new research are presented here and demonstrate the object is a fragment of a luxury, figural knife handle made from bone rather than ivory. It was probably produced in a provincial workshop under a Mediterranean influence where similar figures, though from different materials, occur throughout the second century.
The Perseverance of Archaeology: New Data from a Rescue Investigation at Triq Fejġel in Rabat and its Contribution to the Punic and Roman Maltese Funerary Context
Authors: Borda Kevin , Mercieca-Spiteri Bernardette , Spadaro Paolo , Veca Carlo
Published: April 2021

The Maltese funerary context during the Punic and Roman times is documented from discoveries and archaeological reports primarily from the twentieth century. Notwithstanding, documentation standards in the first half of the last century were such as to provide limited archaeological data to properly understand the context, phasing and ritual. The combination of robust policy-driven archaeological monitoring procedures together with a scientific excavation of reported discoveries is essential to provide fresh archaeological data which must necessarily be published within adequate time frames. This will by no small means contribute to the formulation of a proper national research agenda by identifying lacunae as well as giving rise to new research questions. This study draws attention to the survival of archaeology seen as limited stratigraphic contexts that have persevered through the centuries and the continuous exploitation of the site. It is a case study of the application of a stratigraphic scientific approach to a recent archaeological discovery during archaeological monitoring, providing ample data with regard to funerary reuse and associated practices and rituals together with an in-depth osteological observation of skeletal remains therein discovered.
Socio-cultural developments of women in science
Authors: Mamlok-Naaman Rachel
Published: April 2021

Women have not been represented enough in the science, technology, engineering, and mathematics disciplines in most countries around the world, despite their advancements in these areas. Unfortunately, they continue to represent only a small proportion of faculty members in science and technology fields, especially at more prestigious research institutions. Women still need to cope with discrimination, with an unconscious bias, as well as with family demands. According to the UNESCO Institute for Statistics, fewer than 30 % researchers from all over the world are women. Analysis of “A Global Approach to the Gender Gap in Mathematical, Computing, and Natural Sciences, How to measure it? How to reduce it?”survey advanced our understanding of this phenomenon and identified various factors that cause it.The recommendations address a variety of groups: instructors and parents of girls in primary, secondary, and higher education, educational organizations, scientific unions. and other worldwide organizations. This paper will describe the situation of women scientists in Israel, with examples of chemistry women in the academia.
Biodeinking: an eco-friendly alternative for chemicals based recycled fiber processing
Authors: Kumar Varun , Pathak Puneet , Harsh Nirmal Sudhir Kumar , Bhardwaj Nishi Kant
Published: April 2021

Recycling of recovered paper is an inevitable process for saving resources and the environment. Due to strict forest conservation regulations and limitations of the agro-forestry sector, the paper industry is facing the woody fiber crisis for decades. The recycling of waste paper for its utilization as a source of cellulosic fibers for papermaking is a resource-saving and eco-friendly approach and is a need of time. Deinking is an important stage in the recycling of recovered paper. In the conventional deinking process, chemicals have been used for removal of inks and other impurities from waste paper pulp slurry with some certain drawbacks like deinking inefficiency, fiber damage and generation of chemicals and fiber-rich effluent. The application of enzymes for deinking purposes is known as biodeinking and is considered as the potent and environmentally friendly deinking approach. The present write-up provides comprehensive information on various aspects of biodeinking.
Supply chain optimization framework for CO2 capture, utilization, and storage in Germany
Authors: Nguyen Tuan B. H. , Leonzio Grazia , Zondervan Edwin
Published: April 2021

In this study, the carbon capture, utilization, and sequestration (CCUS) supply chain network with real geographic locations of sources and sinks, and different CO2-based products for Germany is proposed here for the first time, because not yet investigated in the literature. The CCUS network is a large-scale comprehensive model which is used to meet the mandated target of CO2 emission reduction at different levels with a maximum profit. The novel CCUS infrastructure includes various stationary sources, capture processes, transportation modes, and sequestration and utilization sites. The results suggest that it is possible to reduce current CO2 emissions by 40–80% in Germany with the total annual costs ranging from 519.34 to 1372.03 billion euro while generating 681.55 to 1880.98 billion euro of revenue annually as a result of producing CO2-based chemical products including methanol, dimethyl ether, formic acid, acetic acid, urea, and polypropylene carbonate. Overall, the optimal CCUS systems achieve economic profits of 999.62–1568.17 euro per ton of CO2 captured and utilized. The CCUS model may be critical in aiding decision-makers to ascertain investment strategies for designing CCUS infrastructures.
Cellulose-based polymers
Authors: Zhou Xing , Hao Yaya , Zhang Xin , He Xinyu , Zhang Chaoqun
Published: April 2021

The presented chapter deals with structure, morphology, and properties aspects concerning cellulose-based polymers in both research and industrial production, such as cellulose fibers, cellulose membranes, cellulose nanocrystals, and bacterial cellulose, etc. The idea was to highlight the main cellulose-based polymers and cellulose derivatives, as well as the dissolution technologies in processing cellulose-based products. The structure and properties of cellulose are introduced briefly. The main attention has been paid to swelling and dissolution of cellulose in order to yield various kinds of cellulose derivatives through polymerization. The main mechanisms and methods are also presented. Finally, the environmental friendly and green cellulose-based polymers will be evaluated as one of the multifunctional and smart materials with significant progress.
Poly(glycerol sebacate) – a revolutionary biopolymer
Authors: Jaafar Israd H. , Jedlicka Sabrina S. , Coulter John P.
Published: April 2021

Novel materials possessing physical, mechanical, and chemical properties similar to those found in vivo provide a potential platform for building artificial microenvironments for tissue engineering applications. Poly(glycerol sebacate) is one such material. It has tunable mechanical properties within the range of common tissue, and favorable cell response without surface modification with adhesive ligands, and biodegradability. In this chapter, an overview of the material is presented, focusing on synthesis, characterization, microfabrication, use as a substrate in in vitro mammalian cell culture, and degradation characteristics.