bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ENTRY BARRIERS AND GROWTH: THE ROLE OF ENDOGENOUS MARKET STRUCTURE
Authors: Jiang Helu , Zheng Yu , Zhu Lijun
Published: March 2024

We use China's growth experience as a laboratory to study how reductions in administrative and regulatory entry barriers contribute to growth. We develop a model of endogenous productivity and market structure with heterogeneous firms and frictional entry and calibrate it to Chinese manufacturing firms. We show that the reduction of entry barriers brings about 1.05 percentage points of productivity growth over the 1990–2004 period, accounting for 18.3% of the productivity growth in the 2004–7 period. A decomposition exercise shows that entry mainly affects growth through promoting a more competitive market structure, which more than offsets the negative Schumpeterian effect.
Symmetrical plaques on the dorsum of hands – a clinicopathological challenge
Authors: Jain Sejal , Chatterjee Debajyoti , Vinay Keshavamurthy
Published: March 2024

A 60‐year‐old female with diabetes and hypothyroidism presented with a 2‐year history of asymptomatic elevated lesions on the dorsum of her hands.
Variability in combinations of APTT reagent and substrate plasma for a one‐stage clotting assay to measure factor VIII products
Authors: Suzuki Atsuo , Suzuki Nobuaki , Kanematsu Takeshi , Okamoto Shuichi , Suzuki Naruko , Tamura Shogo , Kikuchi Ryosuke , Katsumi Akira , Kojima Tetsuhito , Matsushita Tadashi
Published: March 2024

Introduction

An investigation of the suitability of reagents for measuring FVIII products in a one‐stage clotting assay (OSA) showed variations in their FVIII activity (FVIII:C). Most studies have focused on the activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) reagent rather than FVIII‐deficient plasma (F8DP), even though the APTT‐based OSA is comprised of APTT reagents and factor‐deficient plasma.

Aim

A single‐centre study was conducted to clarify variations in measurements of FVIII products in an OSA using a total of 12 reagent combinations, including four APTT reagents and three types of F8DP.

Methods

FVIII:C in nine types of FVIII product‐spiked plasma was measured using an OSA with four different APTT reagents and three types of F8DP.

Results

F8DP‐dependent variations were found in addition to differences derived from APTT reagents. Variations in target recovery (TR) were observed for NovoEight®, Eloctate®, and Jivi®. Reduced TR for Jivi was found only for Pathromtin SL in combination with congenital F8DP (F8DP‐3). This lower TR was not observed with alternative manufacturing lots of F8DP‐3. The reduced TR for Jivi might be related to impaired contact activation due to lower factor XI activity in F8DP‐3.

Conclusion

In addition to APTT reagents, variations in F8DPs used for OSAs can also affect FVIII:C results. F8DPs as well as the APTT reagent used for OSA should be chosen with caution, and laboratories should evaluate reagents for F8DPs as they currently do for APTT reagents, especially when lot changes occur.
Early life vaccination reprograms the metabolism and function of myeloid cells in neonates
Authors: Chen Yingying , Li Hui , Zhou Jie
Published: March 2024

Vaccination after birth provides protection against pathogen infection and immune related disorders in healthy children. The detailed effects of vaccination on neonatal immunity, however, remain largely unknown. Here, we reported that vaccination using Bacillus Calmette‐Guérin (BCG) diminished the immunosuppressive function of myeloid‐derived suppressor cells in neonatal mice, an immature myeloid population. A combination of single‐cell transcriptome, metabolite profiling, and functional analysis demonstrated that upregulation of mTOR/HIF1a signalling and the enhanced glycolysis explained the effects of BCG on neonatal myeloid cells. Pharmalogical inhibition of glycolysis or mTOR signalling efficiently rescued the effects of BCG on neonatal myeloid cells. These observations suggest that BCG facilitates the maturation of myeloid cells in early life, which may contribute to its beneficial effects against immune disorders later in life.
RETRACTED: Effect of right internal mammary artery versus radial artery as a second graft vessel in coronary artery bypass grafting on postoperative wound infection in patients: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Du Hong , Gu Xiaowei , Zhang Zhiyuan , Dong Zichao , Ran Xiaofei , Zhou Li
Published: March 2024

Few studies have shown that radial artery (RA), which is used as a secondary arterial graft, offers superior results compared with right internal thoracic artery (RIMA) in coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). In a meta‐analysis of observational studies starting in 2023, we looked at the effect of re‐operation on postoperative infection and haemorrhage in CABG with RA vs. RIMA. The electronic database up to October 2023 was examined in the course of the research. Analysis was carried out on the clinical trials of postoperative wound infections and haemorrhage re‐surgery. Among 912 trials associated with CABG, we selected 8 trials to be included in the final data analysis. The main results were secondary wound infection and re‐operation after surgery. The odds ratios (OR) and confidence intervals (CIs) were computed on the basis of a randomized or fixed‐effect model of wound infection and re‐operation. Seven trials showed a significant reduction in the risk of wound infection in RA treated as a secondary artery transplant compared with RIMA (OR, 1.60; 95% CI, 1.03, 2.47 p = 0.04); Four trials showed that RIMA was not significantly different from RA in the rate of re‐operation for postoperative bleeding (OR, 1.31; 95% CI, 0.60, 2.88 p = 0.50). In CABG, RA is used as a secondary arterial conduit graft to lower the risk of wound infection in CABG patients.
The level of cancer‐related concerns and affecting factors in Turkish cancer survivors: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Vardar Okan , Serçekuş Pınar
Published: March 2024

Aim

To examine and compare the level of cancer‐related concerns and affecting factors between cancer survivors who completed their treatment and those still receiving treatment.

Design

The study has a cross‐sectional comparative design.

Methods

Convenience sampling was used and the study included 350 Turkish cancer survivors. Data were collected between March and June 2022 online with a descriptive characteristics form and the Assessment of Survivor Concerns. Obtained data were analysed with numbers, percentages, mean values, t‐test and multiple linear regression analysis.

Results

The cancer survivors who completed their treatment had a significantly higher level of concerns than those who were still on treatment. Female cancer survivors, cancer survivors with less than 5‐year time elapsing after diagnosis and gynaecological cancer survivors with completed cancer treatment can also have a higher level of cancer‐related concerns.

Conclusion

Cancer survivors who have completed their treatment have a higher level of concerns than those who still receive treatment. Gender, time elapsing after diagnosis and type of cancer affect the level of concerns.

Implications for the Profession and/or Patient Care

Nurses should evaluate psychosocial care and needs of cancer survivors in addition to their physical care. Raising awareness about the concerns of the cancer survivors with completed treatment in addition to those still receiving treatment and providing holistic care to them can reduce their concerns.

Impact

It is of great importance to be aware of the factors likely to increase cancer‐related concerns during and after cancer treatment. This study identifies cancer‐related concerns in cancer survivors who completed or were still receiving treatment and provides a comparison with other studies in the literature.

Reporting Method

We have adhered to STROBE statement using STROBE checklist for cross‐sectional studies.

Patient or Public Contribution

There was no patient or public involvement.
Comparison of clinical outcomes between transthoracic echocardiography‐ and X‐ray‐guided left bundle branch pacing for bradycardia: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Yang Zhihan , Tao Jin , Fan Xiaohan , Feng Zhuoxi , Liu Zhimin
Published: March 2024

Introduction

Left bundle branch pacing (LBBP) is a physiological pacing modality. However, the long procedure and fluoroscopy time of LBBP is still a problem. This study aims to compare the clinical outcomes between transthoracic echocardiography (TTE)‐ and X‐ray‐guided LBBP.

Methods

This is a single‐center, prospective, randomized controlled study. Consecutive patients who underwent LBBP in our team from June 2022 to November 2022 were enrolled. Procedure and fluoroscopy time, pacing parameters, electrophysiological and echocardiographic characteristics, as well as complications were recorded at implantation and during follow‐up.

Results

In this study, 60 patients were enrolled and divided into two groups: 30 patients were allocated to the X‐ray group and the remaining 30 to the TTE group. There was no significant difference in the success rate between the two groups (86.7% vs. 76.7%, p = .317). The procedure time of TTE group was comparable to that of the X‐ray group (9.0 vs. 12.0 min, p = .063). However, the fluoroscopy time in the TTE group was significantly lower than that of the X‐ray group (2.5 vs. 5.0 min, p = .002). There were no statistically significant differences in pacing parameters, electrophysiological and echocardiographic characteristics, or complications between the two groups at implantation and during follow‐up.

Conclusion

TTE‐guided LBBP is a feasible and safe method. Compared with X‐ray, TTE showed a comparable success rate and procedure time, but it could significantly reduce the fluoroscopy time of LBBP.
Comparison of novel intrinsic versus conventional antitachycardia pacing for ventricular tachycardia among implantable cardioverter‐defibrillator recipients
Authors: Yanagisawa Satoshi , Inden Yasuya , Sato Yuki , Watanabe Ryo , Goto Takayuki , Kondo Shun , Tachi Masaya , Iwawaki Tomoya , Yamauchi Ryota , Hiramatsu Kei , Shimojo Masafumi , Tsuji Yukiomi , Shibata Rei , Murohara Toyoaki
Published: March 2024

Introduction

Intrinsic antitachycardia pacing (iATP) is a novel automated antitachycardia pacing (ATP) that provides individual treatment to terminate ventricular tachycardia (VT). However, the clinical efficacy of iATP in comparison with conventional ATP is unknown. We aim to compare the termination rate of VT between iATP and conventional ATP in patients with implantable cardioverter‐defibrillators using a unique setting of different sequential orders of both ATP algorisms.

Methods

Patients with the iATP algorithm were assigned to iATP‐first and conventional ATP‐first groups sequentially. In the iATP‐first group, a maximum of seven iATP sequences were delivered, followed by conventional burst and ramp pacing. In contrast, in the conventional ATP‐first group, two bursts and ramp pacing were initially programmed, followed by iATP sequences. We compared the success rates of VT termination in the first and secondary programmed ATP zones between the two groups.

Results

Fifty‐eight and 56 patients were enrolled in the iATP‐first and conventional ATP‐first groups, and 67 and 44 VTs were analyzed in each group, respectively. At the first single ATP therapy, success rates were 64% and 70% in the iATP and conventional groups, respectively. At the end of the first iATP treatment zone, the success rate increased from 64% to 85%. Moreover, secondary iATP therapy following the failure of conventional ATPs increased the success rate from 80% to 93%. There was a significant benefit of alternative iATP for VT termination compared to secondary conventional ATP (100% vs. 33%, p = .028).

Conclusions

iATP may be beneficial as a secondary therapy after failure of conventional ATP to terminate VT.
Concurrent and longitudinal associations of developmental language disorder with peer victimization in adolescence: evidence from a co‐twin study
Authors: Oncioiu Sînziana Ioana , Nation Kate , Lim Kai Xiang , Pingault Jean‐Baptiste , Bowes Lucy
Published: March 2024

Background

Children with developmental language disorder (DLD) experience higher levels of peer victimization than their peers. However, it is not known if such associations reflect genetic and environmental confounding. We used a co‐twin control design to investigate the association of language difficulties (DLD and separately poor pragmatic language) with peer victimization and compare the developmental trajectories of peer victimization across adolescence for those with and without language difficulties.

Methods

Participants were 3,400 pairs of twins in the Twins Early Development Study (TEDS), a UK‐based population birth cohort. Language abilities were assessed via online tests at age 11 and peer victimization was self‐reported at ages 11, 14 and 16. Language difficulties were defined as language abilities at least −1.25 SD below the mean of the TEDS sample. We performed linear regressions and latent growth curve modeling at a population level and within monozygotic and same‐sex dizygotic twin pairs.

Results

At population level, youth with DLD experienced higher levels of peer victimization at ages 11 (β = 0.27, 95% Confidence Interval (CI) 0.20–0.35), 14 (β = 0.15, 95% CI 0.03–0.27) and 16 (β = 0.17, 95% CI 0.03–0.32) and a sharper decline in peer victimization between ages 11 and 16 compared to their peers without DLD. The associations between DLD and peer victimization were reduced in strength and not statistically significant in within‐twin models. Moreover, there was no difference in the rate of change in peer victimization between twin pairs discordant for DLD. Results were similar for the association of poor pragmatic language with peer victimization.

Conclusions

Associations between language difficulties (DLD and separately, poor pragmatic language) and peer victimization were confounded by genetic and shared environmental factors. Identifying specific factors underlying these associations is important for guiding future work to reduce peer victimization among adolescents with language difficulties.
Brobdingnagians and Goliaths: two forms of gigantism in fish
Authors: Pauly Daniel , Chu Elaine , Müller Johannes
Published: March 2024

Two forms of gigantism are differentiated in fish, Brobdingnagian and Goliathan gigantism, the former applying to populations whose individuals are all larger than is typical for the taxon, the latter to single individuals within a population. While Brobdingnagian gigantism is largely explained by various ecological and evolutionary rules, Goliathan gigantism is not. A mechanistic hypothesis is proposed which explains Goliathan gigantism in terms of the reduction of oxygen requirements of individual fish via moving to cooler temperatures and/or acquiring larger, more energy‐dense prey, which enable them to get bigger, and, in the process, sometimes generate bimodal size distributions that may qualify as gradual forms between Goliathan and Brobdingnagian gigantism. This mechanism, which relies on the manner in which their gill surface area grows, is more likely to operate in fish that can get big in the first place than in fish that remain small.
Acquisition of cephalosporin resistance genes blaCTX‐M‐55, blaCTX‐M‐65, and blaCMY‐2 leads to quinolone resistance in colistin‐resistant Escherichia coli harboring mcr‐1 gene
Authors: Nakayama Tatsuya , Li Hien Thi , Ngo Phong Thanh , Tran Doan Nguyen Minh , Nguyen Oanh Thi Hoang , Hoang Phuong Hoai , Yamaguchi Takahiro , Jinnai Michio , Nguyen Phuc Do , Van Dang Chinh , Kumeda Yuko , Hase Atsushi
Published: March 2024

Food contamination with plasmid‐mediated antibiotic‐resistant Escherichia coli has not been thoroughly investigated. This study aimed to clarify the prevalence of colistin‐resistant AmpC/extended‐spectrum β‐lactamase (ESBL)‐producing E. coli harbouring mcr (COL‐ESBL‐EC) and to determine antibiotic resistance by comparison with AmpC/ESBL‐producing E. coli (ESBL‐EC) and colistin‐resistant E. coli harbouring mcr (COL‐EC). Sixty chicken meats were tested for COL‐ESBL‐EC contamination. The result showed that 64 COL‐ESBL‐EC were isolated from 66.7% of the samples, and compared with ESBL‐EC and COL‐EC were isolated before. The genotypes of the COL‐ESBL‐EC showed blaCTX‐M‐55/TEM, blaCTX‐M‐55, blaCMY‐2, and blaCTX‐M‐65 were predominant. The COL‐ESBL‐EC results showed a similar trend for blaCTX‐M identification to that of ESBL‐EC. The mcr was investigated, and mcr‐1 was detected in COL‐ESBL‐EC and COL‐EC. Antibiotic susceptibility testing revealed that many strains of COL‐ESBL‐EC and ESBL‐EC were resistant to quinolones, and fosfomycin (FOS). These results suggest that COL‐ESBL‐EC has simultaneously acquired AmpC/ESBL‐related, quinolone, and FOS resistance genes in COL‐EC.
Enhancing learning motivation and academic achievement in nursing students through metaverse‐based learning: A randomized controlled study
Authors: Çetinkaya Uslusoy Esin , Aydinli Ayse , Durna Faruk
Published: March 2024

Aim

Generation Z students do not get much benefit from traditional distance education methods. Instead, they need new platforms and methods that will motivate them and increase their success.

Methods

A randomized controlled study was performed on 42 students. The experimental group students were presented with metaverse, and the control group students were taught the distance education course.

Results

In this study, in the students' Instructional Materials Motivation Survey, the mean scores of both the experimental and control groups exhibited no significant difference before the intervention. Regarding the effect of metaverse‐based learning on students' Instructional Materials Motivation Survey, the mean score of the control group was 82.55 ± 13.18, and the mean score of the experimental group was 96.52 ± 9.54 and there was a significant difference between groups after the intervention. When the academic achievement levels of the groups were examined, it was determined that the experimental group scored 76.57 ± 13.33 and the control group received 64.40 ± 16.42 points. It was determined there was a significant difference between the groups in terms of learning motivation and academic achievement.

Conclusion

The study results show that the participants accepted the important role of metaverse as an effective learning method compared to traditional distance education methods. It is recommended to expand the use of metaverse in various fields of nursing education.
Perineuronal net in the extrinsic innervation of the distal colon of mice and its remodeling in ulcerative colitis
Authors: da Silva Matheus Deroco Veloso , da Silva Bonassa Larissa , Piva Maiara , Basso Camila Regina , Zaninelli Tiago Henrique , Machado Camila Cristina Alves , de Andrade Fábio Goulart , Miqueloto Carlos Alberto , Sant´Ana Debora de Mello Gonçales , Aktar Rubina , Peiris Madusha , Aziz Qasim , Blackshaw L. Ashley , Verri Waldiceu A. , de Almeida Araújo Eduardo José
Published: March 2024

The perineuronal net (PNN) is a well‐described highly specialized extracellular matrix structure found in the central nervous system. Thus far, no reports of its presence or connection to pathological processes have been described in the peripheral nervous system. Our study demonstrates the presence of a PNN in the spinal afferent innervation of the distal colon of mice and characterizes structural and morphological alterations induced in an ulcerative colitis (UC) model. C57Bl/6 mice were given 3% dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) to induce acute or chronic UC. L6/S1 dorsal root ganglia (DRG) were collected. PNNs were labeled using fluorescein‐conjugated Wisteria Floribunda (WFA) l lectin, and calcitonin gene‐related peptide (CGRP) immunofluorescence was used to detect DRG neurons. Most DRG cell bodies and their extensions toward peripheral nerves were found surrounded by the PNN‐like structure (WFA+), labeling neurons' cytoplasm and the pericellular surfaces. The amount of WFA+ neuronal cell bodies was increased in both acute and chronic UC, and the PNN‐like structure around cell bodies was thicker in UC groups. In conclusion, a PNN‐like structure around DRG neuronal cell bodies was described and found modulated by UC, as changes in quantity, morphology, and expression profile of the PNN were detected, suggesting a potential role in sensory neuron peripheral sensitization, possibly modulating the pain profile of ulcerative colitis.

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Treatment of erythematous acne scars using 595‐nm pulsed dye laser combined with 1565‐nm ResurFX nonablative fractional laser
Authors: Zhou Chenxi , Yao Meijuan , Chen Weiliang , Zhang Liyuan , Zhang Lidan , Chen Mengjiao , Li Kai , Qin Xiaolei
Published: March 2024

Background

Acne vulgaris is a common inflammatory disease associated with various sequelae after skin lesion remission. Acne erythema has been considered simple erythema or a vascular lesion; however, because the understanding of this disease has improved, acne erythema is currently considered an early scar with erythematous components.

Aims

This study evaluated the efficacy of using both a 595‐nm pulsed dye laser (PDL) and 1565‐nm nonablative fractional laser (NAFL) for the treatment of erythematous scars caused by acne.

Methods

Ninety patients with acne scars were equally randomized to two groups. Group A (n = 45) received treatment with the NAFL. Group B (n = 45) received treatment with the PDL and NAFL. Each patient underwent one treatment session and 4 weeks of follow‐up.

Results

Qualitative (χ2 = 12.415; p < 0.05) and quantitative (t = 2.675; p < 0.05) scores of Groups A and B were determined using a global scarring grading system and exhibited statistically significant differences. The quantitative score of Group A was higher than that of Group B (6.67 ± 3.46 vs. 4.98 ± 2.44). The erythema areas of the groups differed significantly after treatment, with Group B exhibiting more notable score improvements (5.00 [3.10, 7.10] vs. 2.80 [1.65, 4.60]; Z = 3.072; p < 0.05). The erythema regression rate of Group B (88.9%) was significantly higher than that of Group A (66.7%) (χ2 = 20.295; p < 0.001). Adverse events, including redness and swelling (86.6%), scabbing (78.8%), and purpura (36.6%), occurred within 7 days for 86.6% of patients.

Conclusions

The combined use of the PDL and NAFL is safe and effective for erythematous acne scars.
Risk factors of post‐operative diarrhoea in patients with pancreatic cancer after neoadjuvant chemotherapy: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Zhu Juanjuan , Wang Yangyang , Li Yuting , Chen Yingjie , Lu Fangyan
Published: March 2024

Background

Post‐operative diarrhoea is a common adverse event after pancreatic surgery. While the risk factors for this condition have been identified, the increasing trend of administering chemotherapy before surgery might change these factors. This study aimed to identify the risk factors of post‐operative diarrhoea in patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) who underwent neoadjuvant chemotherapy.

Design

A retrospective cohort study.

Methods

Patients who underwent neoadjuvant chemotherapy and pancreatectomy because of PDAC between 2021 and 2023 were included. The preoperative characteristics of, operative details of and post‐operative outcomes in patients with and without post‐operative diarrhoea were collected and compared. The independent risk factors of post‐operative diarrhoea were identified using logistic regression analysis. STROBE checklist was used.

Results

Post‐operative diarrhoea occurred in 65 out of 145 (44.8%) patients during hospitalization. Elevated white blood cell count, advanced tumour stage, and late abdominal drain removal were independent risk factors for post‐operative diarrhoea (p < .001, p = .006 and p = .009, respectively).

Conclusions

Some perioperative factors influence post‐operative diarrhoea in patients who undergo neoadjuvant chemotherapy. More attention should be paid to patients at a higher risk of post‐operative diarrhoea, with an emphasis on high‐quality management for these patients.
The endemic kelp Lessonia corrugata is being pushed above its thermal limits in an ocean warming hotspot
Authors: James Cody , Layton Cayne , Hurd Catriona L. , Britton Damon
Published: March 2024

Kelps are in global decline due to climate change, which includes ocean warming. To identify vulnerable species, we need to identify their tolerances to increasing temperatures and determine whether tolerances are altered by co‐occurring drivers such as inorganic nutrient levels. This is particularly important for those species with restricted distributions, which may already be experiencing thermal stress. To identify thermal tolerance of the range‐restricted kelp Lessonia corrugata, we conducted a laboratory experiment on juvenile sporophytes to measure performance (growth, photosynthesis) across its thermal range (4–22°C). We determined the upper thermal limit for growth and photosynthesis to be ~22–23°C, with a thermal optimum of ~16°C. To determine if elevated inorganic nitrogen availability could enhance thermal tolerance, we compared the performance of juveniles under low (4.5 μmol · d−1) and high (90 μmol · d−1) nitrate conditions at and above the thermal optimum (16–23.5°C). Nitrate enrichment did not enhance thermal performance at temperatures above the optimum but did lead to elevated growth rates at the thermal optimum. Our results indicate L. corrugata is likely to be extremely susceptible to moderate ocean warming and marine heatwaves. Peak sea surface temperatures during summer in eastern and northeastern Tasmania can reach up to 20–21°C, and climate projections suggest that L. corrugata's thermal limit will be regularly exceeded by 2050 as southeastern Australia is a global ocean‐warming hotspot. By identifying the upper thermal limit of L. corrugata, we have taken a critical step in predicting the future of the species in a warming climate.
Combined cystourethroplasty and urethral sphincter occluder placement for treatment of urinary incontinence in a cat with genitourinary dysplasia
Authors: Gosling M. , Hall J.
Published: March 2024

A 10‐month‐old female neutered domestic shorthair cat presented with a history of urinary incontinence and recurrent bacterial cystitis since 2 months of age. Physical examination was unremarkable other than vulval hypoplasia. Genitourinary dysplasia was diagnosed following a physical examination, CT imaging and retrograde positive contrast urethrocystography. Attempted medical management of the urinary incontinence was unsuccessful. Surgical treatment consisted of cystourethroplasty combined with artificial urethral sphincter placement, resulting in marked improvement of urinary continence. Following multiple adjustments of the artificial urethral sphincter near‐total continence was achieved, which was maintained at 10 months post‐surgery.
Weishaar's classification system for nodal metastasis in sentinel lymph nodes: Clinical outcome in 94 dogs with mast cell tumor
Authors: Stefanello Damiano , Gariboldi Elisa M. , Boracchi Patrizia , Ferrari Roberta , Ubiali Alessandra , De Zani Donatella , Zani Davide D. , Grieco Valeria , Giudice Chiara , Recordati Camilla , Caniatti Mario , Auletta Luigi , Chiti Lavinia E.
Published: March 2024

Background

The therapeutic role and prognostic relevance of lymphadenectomy in mast cell tumor (MCT) has historically been evaluated on regional rather than sentinel lymph nodes.

Hypothesis/Objectives

To update information about the association of histological nodal (HN) classes with clinical outcome in dogs with MCT after tumor excision and extirpation of normal‐sized sentinel nodes (SLN) guided by radiopharmaceutical.

Animals

Ninety‐four dogs with histologically‐confirmed treatment‐naïve MCT (71 cutaneous, 22 subcutaneous and 1 conjunctival MCT) were included if without: distant metastases, lymphadenomegaly, concurrent mixed cutaneous, and subcutaneous MCT.

Methods

This was a monoistitutional cohort study. Tumors characteristics were retrieved and SLNs were classified according to Weishaar's system. Incidence of MCT‐related events (local, nodal, distant relapse), de novo MCT or other tumors and death (MCT‐related and non‐MCT‐related), were recorded. Incidence curves were compared among the HN classes.

Results

Twenty‐seven dogs had HN0, 19 HN1, 37 HN2, and 11 HN3 SLN. Thirteen (2 HN0, 4 HN2, and 7 HN3) received adjuvant chemotherapies. Kiupel high grade, increasing number of SLN and lymphocentrums were associated with higher HN classes. Five dogs died for MCT‐related causes: 1 low‐grade (HN0) and 1 subcutaneous (HN3) had a local relapse, 2 high‐grade had distant relapse (HN3‐HN0) and 1 dog developed disease progression from a de novo subcutaneous MCT. No nodal relapse was registered. Fourteen dogs developed de novo MCTs.

Conclusion/Discussion

Low grade/low‐risk MCT with nonpalpable and normal sized SLN have a favorable outcome independently from the HN. Result should be considered strictly related to the successful SLN detection guided pre‐ and intraoperative by radiopharmaceutical markers.
Inherited inequality and discrimination
Authors: Mialon Sue H.
Published: March 2024

This paper examines how income‐inequality promotes racial discrimination. When the influence of income is intergenerational, it generates a strong correlation between parental income status and the race that their children inherit. This makes parents' income statuses identifiable through applicants' races and enables employers to discriminate against the races of the low‐income group. Antidiscrimination policies may not be effective if they do not improve on income‐inequality. An effective means of reducing income‐inequality is to minimize the parental influence that causes inherited inequality. The implications of the discriminatory practice of legacy admissions are discussed in this context.
The Norwegian tax holiday: Salience, labor supply responses, and frictions
Authors: Sigurdsson Jósef
Published: March 2024

An emerging consensus is that the Frisch elasticity of labor supply is small. This may reflect a lack of salience, inelastic preferences, or prevalence of frictions. Studying survey data collected during a tax holiday in Norway, when earnings were untaxed during a transition between tax systems, I report three findings. First, 80 per cent of adults were aware of the tax holiday. Second, one fifth of adults responded by working more. Third, frictions in adjusting working hours or nonworking time appear to be the reason for a majority of nonresponses. The findings support the long‐held notion that labor supply choices are constrained.
Some lie‐detection may actually be of forensic use: A comment on Brennen and Magnussen, Lie‐detection: What works
Authors: Ben‐Shakhar Gershon , Verschuere Bruno
Published: March 2024

Recently, Brennen and Magnussen (2023, Current Directions in Psychological Science, 32, 395) reviewed several approaches to detection of deception that have been extensively researched for several decades. While this review is timely, it is overly pessimistic regarding the applicability of psychological research to criminal investigations, and at the same time seems overly optimistic on techniques that are still in their infancy. While we remain cautious in recommending the application of many tests, we argue that the potential contribution of detection tests to law enforcement is much greater than what was implied by Brennen and Magnussen (2023, Current Directions in Psychological Science, 32, 395).
Acute and non‐acute decompensation of liver cirrhosis (47/130)
Authors: Schulz Martin S. , Angeli Paolo , Trebicka Jonel
Published: March 2024

In the traditional view, the occurrence of cirrhosis‐related complications, such as hepatic encephalopathy, formation of ascites or variceal haemorrhage, marks the transition to the decompensated stage of cirrhosis. Although the dichotomous stratification into a compensated and decompensated state reflects a prognostic water‐shed moment and remains to hold its prognostic validity, it represents an oversimplification of clinical realities. A broadening understanding of pathophysiological mechanisms underpinning decompensation have led to the identification of distinct prognostic subgroups, associated with different clinical courses following decompensation. Data provided by the PREDICT study uncovered three distinct sub‐phenotypes of acute decompensation (AD). Moreover, acute‐on‐chronic liver failure (ACLF) has been established as a distinct clinical entity for many years, which is associated with a high short‐term mortality. Recently, non‐acute decompensation (NAD) has been proposed as a distinct pathway of decompensation, complementing current concepts of the spectrum of decompensation. In contrast to AD, NAD is characterized by a slow and progressive development of complications, which are often presented at first decompensation and/or in patients in an earlier stage of chronic liver disease. Successful treatment of AD or NAD may lead to a clinical stabilization or even the concept of recompensation. This review aims to provide an overview on current concepts of decompensation and to delineate recent advances in our clinical and pathophysiological understanding.
Surgical resection of a symptomatic intra‐axial lesion in a patient with Hennekam's syndrome: Case report with review of the literature
Authors: Dugan John E. , Lesha Emal , Milton Camille , Yudkoff Clifford , Orr Taylor , Boom Alan D. , Michael L. Madison
Published: March 2024

Hennekam syndrome (HS) is a rare genetic disorder involving malformations of the lymphatic system. Structural abnormalities and malformations within the central nervous system (CNS) have also been reported along with intellectual disability and developmental delay. We report a patient with HS who presented with seizures and was found to have an intra‐axial lesion, which was resected via craniotomy. While this case represents, to our knowledge, the first instance in the literature that a HS patient has been treated for a CNS abnormality via neurosurgical intervention, we provide a literature review of CNS lesions in patients with HS.
NaWRKY70 is a key regulator of Nicotiana attenuata resistance to Alternaria alternata through regulation of phytohormones and phytoalexins biosynthesis
Authors: Song Na , Wu Jinsong
Published: March 2024

Jasmonate (JA) and abscisic acid (ABA) are two major phytohormones involved in pathogen resistance. However, how their biosynthesis is regulated is not well understood.

We silenced NaWRKY70 in wild tobacco Nicotiana attenuata and determined its role in regulating genes involved in the production of JA, ABA and the phytoalexin capsidiol in response to the fungal pathogen Alternaria alternata using techniques including electrophoretic mobility shift, chromatin immunoprecipitation, transient overexpression and virus‐induced gene silencing.

Silencing NaWRKY70 dramatically reduced both basal and A. alternata‐induced jasmonoyl‐isoleucine (JA‐Ile) and ABA. Further evidence showed that NaWRKY70 directly binds to the W‐boxes of the promoters of NaAOS and NaJAR4 (JA biosynthesis), NaNCED1 and NaXD1‐like (ABA biosynthesis), and NaMPK4 (ABA signaling) to activate their expression, while binding but repressing the expression of NaCYP707A4‐like3 (ABA degradation). Additionally, NaWRKY70 regulates capsidiol production through its key enzyme genes NaEASs and NaEAHs, and interacts with its regulator NaERF2‐like to enhance their expression, whereas ABA negatively regulates capsidiol biosynthesis.

Our results highlight the key role of NaWRKY70 in controlling both JA‐Ile and ABA production, as well as capsidiol production, thus providing new insight into the defense mechanism of plant resistance to A. alternata.
Anti‐resorptive therapy and MRONJ. A survey of the Italian Society of Periodontology and Implantology
Authors: Landi L. , Oteri G. , Barbato L. , Discepoli N. , Carrassi A. M. , Rigoni M. , Cairo F. , Cavalcanti R. , Crea A. , Gianserra R. , Sforza N. M.
Published: March 2024

Objectives

Anti‐resorptive agents have been linked to the development of MRONJ in patients undergoing dental surgical procedures. This survey aims to explore the level of knowledge and experience of Italian Society of Periodontology and Implantology members in the management of patients treated with anti‐resorptive agents and with the risk of developing MRONJ.

Materials and Methods

An 18‐item questionnaire was submitted by e‐mail to the SIdP members. Statistical analyses were carried out. Continuous variables were described as mean ± standard deviation (SD) or median, and first and third quartile according to distribution's normality. Normality of data was checked with Shapiro–Wilk test.

Results

Four hundred and fifty‐one questionnaires were returned by e‐mail (32%). Most of the respondents were private practitioners (81.8%). Only 47.7% declared to be highly confident in managing patients on anti‐resorptive therapy while 92.5% reported to have performed tooth extractions and 52.3% implant surgery in patients under anti‐resorptive therapy for osteometabolic disorders. One or more MRONJ‐affected patients were encountered by 63.2% of the respondents.

Conclusions

This survey highlights the need to develop a “dedicated” program both for dentists and prescribers to improve the level of cooperation and to increase the level of awareness of patients treated with anti‐resorptive agents.
A multiplicative log mean Divisia index decomposition analysis of energy‐related carbon emissions in Pakistan: From the perspective of economic development phases
Authors: Jabeen Asma
Published: March 2024

To successfully implement mitigation policies, it is first needed to identify the factors that contribute to carbon emissions. Based on the extended Kaya identity approach, this study investigates the driving factors of energy‐related carbon emissions in Pakistan from 1990 to 2019 using the multiplicative LMDI‐I decomposition technique with no residual term. The decomposition results reveal that the population and affluence contributed significantly to accelerating carbon emissions from energy consumption across all the sub‐periods. The cumulative effect of population size increased to 2.286 times in 2019, far greater than the impact of other factors. The cumulative effect of economic activity per person reached 1.566 in 2019. The impact of fuel quality and energy intensity is relatively minor (as the index value is less than one) most of the time. The cumulative effect of renewable energy penetration has increased from 0.998 in 1990 to 1.034 in 2019 due to the country's less mature renewable energy technologies. Fossil fuel switching is a factor that reduces carbon emissions, as the index value decreased from 0.945 in 1990 to 0.918 in 2019. The results of the study contain helpful information for lowering carbon emissions.
Maternal dietary indexes are not linked to early childhood wheezing or atopic eczema
Authors: Sivula Elina , Puharinen Heidi , Hantunen Sari , Keski‐Nisula Leea , Backman Katri
Published: March 2024

Background

Several recent studies have investigated the association between maternal diet during pregnancy and wheezing or asthma in children. However, whether a specific dietary pattern during pregnancy protects children from wheezing or atopic diseases remains unclear. This study investigated the association between The Alternative Healthy Eating Index for Pregnancy (AHEI‐P), the Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII), and the risk for wheezing and atopic eczema in children during the first year of life.

Methods

This study included 1330 mother–child pairs who attended the Kuopio Birth Cohort (KuBiCo) study and had dietary information during the last trimester and information on children's health in the first year of life. AHEI‐P and DII indicate a healthy diet and dietary inflammation potential during pregnancy. The AHEI‐P and DII were compared with reported wheezing and doctor‐diagnosed atopic eczema in children during the first year of life.

Results

Neither AHEI‐P nor DII is associated with wheezing or atopic eczema in children when analyzed by continuous variables and by tertiles. The odds ratio (95% CI) for AHEI‐P and wheezing was 0.99 (0.98–1.01), for AHEI‐P and atopic eczema1.01 (0.99–1.02), for DII and wheezing 1.02 (0.95–1.09), and for DII and atopic eczema 0.97 (0.91–1.04).

Conclusion

In this cohort study, AHEI‐P and DII during pregnancy were not associated with wheezing or atopic eczema in the offspring during the first year of life.
Control of two insect pests by expression of a mismatch corrected double‐stranded RNA in plants
Authors: Dong Yi , Zhang Qi , Mao Yarou , Wu Mengting , Wang Zican , Chang Ling , Zhang Jiang
Published: March 2024

RNA interference (RNAi) has emerged as an efficient technology for pest control by silencing the essential genes of targeted insects. Owing to its nucleotide sequence‐guided working mechanism, RNAi has a high degree of species‐specificity without impacts on non‐target organisms. However, as plants are inevitably under threat by two or more insect pests in nature, the species‐specific mode of RNAi‐based technology restricts its wide application for pest control. In this study, we artificially designed an intermediate dsRNA (iACT) targeting two β‐Actin (ACT) genes of sap‐sucking pests Bemisia tabaci and Myzus persicae by mutual correction of their mismatches. When expressing hairpin iACT (hpiACT) from tobacco nuclear genome, transgenic plants are well protected from both B. tabaci and M. persicae, either individually or simultaneously, as evidenced by reduced fecundity and suppressed ACT gene expression, whereas expression of hpRNA targeting BtACT or MpACT in transgenic tobacco plants could only confer specific resistance to either B. tabaci or M. persicae, respectively. In sum, our data provide a novel proof‐of‐concept that two different insect species could be simultaneously controlled by artificial synthesis of dsRNA with sequence optimization, which expands the range of transgenic RNAi methods for crop protection.
Maternal effects and inbreeding depression in post‐translocation progeny of Campanula glomerata
Authors: Van Rossum F. , Le Pajolec S.
Published: March 2024

Evaluation of plant translocation success based on fitness‐related quantitative traits combined with molecular markers may contribute to a finer assessment of inbreeding, selective and rescue processes, which might have long‐term consequences for population dynamics and viability.

We investigated fitness traits (seed germination, seedling viability, and juvenile growth and mortality) combined with 15 microsatellite loci of the first post‐translocation seed progeny from two translocated populations of Campanula glomerata, an insect‐pollinated, self‐incompatible perennial herb. We examined whether inbreeding, heterosis through admixture, translocation site and maternal transplant seed source origin and lineage might affect seed quality and juvenile growth in controlled cultivation conditions.

Flower production and seed germination of the transplants was higher in one of the two translocation sites, which might be related to differences in soil and vegetation composition and cover. Strong maternal effects related to seed source origin and lineage were found on progeny size, with the largest transplants producing the largest progeny. The differences in rosette diameter were maintained across the whole growth period measured. There was inbreeding depression (rather than heterosis) related to biparental inbreeding at the early progeny growth stage, also expressed through juvenile mortality.

Our findings highlight that maternal transplant origin, especially when seed sources consisted of small, fragmented remnants, might have a selective value on fitness in the post‐translocation generations. If maternal effects and inbreeding depression persist, they might affect global genetic diversity patterns in the long term. Further admixture in the next generations might buffer maternal and inbreeding effects or lead to outbreeding depression.
The promoting physical activity in regional and remote cancer survivors (PPARCS) trial: Physical activity maintenance
Authors: Hardcastle Sarah J. , Maxwell‐Smith Chloe , Cavalheri Vinicius , Boyle Terry , Román Marta Leyton , Platell Cameron , Levitt Michael , Saunders Christobel , Sardelic Frank , Nightingale Sophie , McCormick Jacob , Lynch Craig , Cohen Paul A. , Bulsara Max , Hince Dana
Published: March 2024

Introduction

The study examined whether increased physical activity (PA) in nonmetropolitan cancer survivors was maintained 12 weeks following the PPARCS intervention.

Methods

PA outcomes were assessed using an accelerometer at baseline, end of the intervention, and at 24 weeks. Linear mixed models were used to examine between‐group changes in PA outcomes.

Results

The increased moderate‐to‐vigorous PA (MVPA) following intervention was maintained with significantly higher MVPA in the intervention group at 24 weeks (vs. controls) compared to baseline nett change of 52.5 min/week (95% CI 11.0–94.0.4).

Conclusions

Distance‐based interventions using wearables and health coaching may produce MVPA maintenance amongst nonmetropolitan cancer survivors.
Causal inference for psychologists who think that causal inference is not for them
Authors: Rohrer Julia M.
Published: March 2024

Correlation does not imply causation and psychologists' causal inference training often focuses on the conclusion that therefore experiments are needed—without much consideration for the causal inference frameworks used elsewhere. This leaves researchers ill‐equipped to solve inferential problems that they encounter in their work, leading to mistaken conclusions and incoherent statistical analyses. For a more systematic approach to causal inference, this article provides brief introductions to the potential outcomes framework—the “lingua franca” of causal inference—and to directed acyclic graphs, a graphical notation that makes it easier to systematically reason about complex causal situations. I then discuss two issues that may be of interest to researchers in social and personality psychology who think that formalized causal inference is of little relevance to their work. First, posttreatment bias: In various common scenarios (noncompliance, mediation analysis, missing data), researchers may analyze data from experimental studies in a manner that results in internally invalid conclusions, despite randomization. Second, tests of incremental validity: Routine practices in personality psychology suggest that they may be conducted for at least two different reasons (to demonstrate the non‐redundancy of new scales, to support causal conclusions) without being particularly suited for either purpose. Taking causal inference seriously is challenging; it reveals assumptions that may make many uncomfortable. However, ultimately it is a necessary step to ensure the validity of psychological research.