bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Teacher-Facilitated Microcomputer Activities: Enhancing Social Play and Affect in Young Children with Disabilities
Authors: Howard Judy , Greyrose Elysabethe , Kehr Kit , Espinosa Michael , Beckwith Leila
Published: June 2017

When young children with disabilities are unable to participate in learning experiences with their peers, they often lose critical opportunities to develop and practice many of the social and academic skills they will need in order to succeed in school and everyday life. This study evaluated the extent to which computer-based activities, facilitated by a teacher within a classroom setting, can enable young children with disabilities to share in these important experiences. Changes in the social play behaviors, social pretend behaviors, communication, and affect exhibited by young children with disabilities were examined in both computer and non-computer play activities. Results indicated that computer-based activities represented a context in which toddlers and preschool-aged children with disabilities exhibited more sophisticated levels of play behaviors and more positive, interactive social behaviors.
Asia’s Schumpeter Crisis: Fundamentals and Financial Market Interaction
Authors: Harris Laurence
Published: June 2017

The crisis in East Asian economies, whose start was signalled to the world by the devaluation of the Thai baht on 2nd July 1997, has been widely seen as the product of globalised financial markets, and, as such, something quite new––the first crisis of the twenty first century. It appeared that a region that had exhibited remarkable and remarkably sustained growth rates was brought low by irrational financial markets. Implicit in this view is that, had it not been for the crash in regional currencies and equities, high growth within economic systems that had delivered it hitherto would have continued. An alternative perspective, identifying sources of weakness in the economies’ fundamentals themselves, is found in several studies of East Asia. This paper considers the evidence on both fundamentals and financial market behaviour, evaluating them within an older theoretical framework––the business cycle theory of Joseph Schumpeter. The evidence is consistent with the view that, far from being a new, twenty first century phenomenon, the crisis was similar to those of the nineteenth and twentieth century as described by Schumpeter. Its roots lay in the dynamic of the real economy–the ‘fundamentals’; but its evolution and sharpness were determined by their interaction with finance.
Sectoral Patterns of Inward FDIs and Domestic Productivity in Europe*
Authors: Castellani Davide , Zanfei Antonello
Published: June 2017

This paper describes the sectoral patterns of foreign direct investment in France, Italy and Spain, using a novel data set on manufacturing firms for the 1993–97 period. Significant heterogeneities emerge across countries in terms of weight and distribution of foreign presence, and in terms of productivity levels of multinational firms. It is shown that such structural diversities can help explain the different impact of foreign owned activities on labour productivity of domestic firms in these countries. Based on this evidence some critical considerations are made on both the “catching up” hypothesis, which identifies a positive relation between the size of technological gaps and growth opportunities induced by foreign investments; and the “technological accumulation” hypothesis, which stresses the role of domestic absorptive capacity and of coherence between foreign and domestic technology as determinants of virtuous effects of inward investments. Policy implications are drawn, concerning the selection and promotion of inward investments in advanced countries.

JEL: F23, L23
The Innovative Behaviour of MNC Subsidiaries in Uneven European Systems of Integration: A Comparative Analysis of the German and Irish Cases1
Authors: Molero José
Published: June 2017

The aim of this paper is to contribute to the understanding of the internationalisation of innovative activities of Multinational Corporations (MNCS) by making use of the Community Innovation Survey (CIS). We consider the implications for European countries’ National Systems of Innovation (NSI) by exploring the interaction of MNCs’ Subsidiaries (MNSBS) with domestic firms and institutions. A comparative methodology is established through the examination of different kinds of national firms versus MNSBs in two contrasting countries: Ireland and Germany.
Economic Justice and Freedom of Contract
Authors: Porter J.H.
Published: June 2017

The concept of ‘freedom of contract’ developed by academic economists and the legal profession in the ninteenth century assumed an equality of circumstance between master and servant. The divergence between this concept and the experience was revealed in the dock and general labourers’ disputes of 1889–90 and in the Plymouth dock strike of 1890 in particular. There casual dock labourers faced wealthy organised coal merchants and a hostile bench of magistrates. The issues raised in the 1890 dispute illuminate the current debates on picketing, intimidation and the ‘right to manage’.
Book Review: Matrix Analysis
Authors: Oliver F.R.
Published: June 2017

Matrix Analysis. Roger A. Horn and Charles R. Johnson, Cambridge University Press, 1986. xiii, 561p. £35. 0 521 30586 1.
Changes in the Differentials of Engineering Workers since 1979: an Analysis of Earnings Data from Rochdale
Authors: Penn Roger , Martin Ann M. , Davies Richard B.
Published: June 2017

This paper examines trends in the earnings of engineering workers in a local labour market since 1979. Despite the strong presumption that skilled differentials have widened during the 1980s, the paper reveals that there has been marked stability in overall relativities. This pattern is probed by means of variance component analysis—a new technique that explicitly allows for the clustered nature of the sample of data on earnings. The analysis indicates that there is a strong and complex relationship between the size of the firm and the relative pay of all manual workers in this locality.
Book Review: Managing New Product Innovations
Authors: Meyer F.V.
Published: June 2017

Managing New Product Innovations, William E. Souder, Lexington Books, D.C. Heath & Co., Lexington, Massachusetts, 1987. ISBN 0-669-10809-X.
Public Wealth and Private Riches: Past and Present
Authors: Foy George E.
Published: June 2017

The classical economists defined national wealth as the sum of goods with exchange value. Lauderdale, a contemporary of Adam Smith, drew a distinction between private riches, the classical definition, and public wealth, the sum of all goods with use value. Public wealth included abundant environmental goods such as clean air and water. Lauderdale maintained that private riches could expand due to the scarcity of formerly free, but unmeasured public wealth. Hence the classical measure of wealth would give a misleading indication of the total goods available to society under conditions of environmental scarcity. The classical economists denied the relevance of Lauderdale’s thesis for their time.

The modern national economic accounts follow the classical concept in omitting the services of free environmental resources. However, environmental conditions have now changed to the point where Lauderdale’s concept of public wealth is more relevant than the classical concept of private riches. Hence current measures of national economic performance should be revised so they will indicate whether we have more or less total goods and services available to us over time in a world of environmental scarcity.
Women as Marginal Social Actors, the Case of Economic Development
Authors: Taplin Ruth
Published: June 2017

The field of economics has been historically a discipline that emphasises men as the primary social actors within the economic sphere of the world and national developing economies. Although women make an extraordinary contribution given the paucity of economic resources available to them in developing societies, they continue to be dealt with as marginal elements within the discipline. Development studies having reached a theoretical impasse in general is being revived by the issue of the incorporation of gender into the mainstream of development debate, especially in sociology. We suggest a missing element in the economic development literature is a micro-macro analysis that takes into account multi-level linkages which would facilitate inclusion of women into the debate, as the bulk of women in developing economies engage in some form of production largely within the sphere of the family or household. In the course of the review and criticism of the relevant literature within the two basic schools of modernisation and historical-materialism, we conclude that women are a necessary vehicle of analysis as is a multi-level methodology that takes into account the level of the household/family unit if economic development theory is to progress beyond its current state of stagnation and narrow scope of assessment.
Age at Marriage, Divorce, Fertility and Labor Force Participation of Women: a Time Series Perspective
Authors: Mocan H. Naci
Published: June 2017

This paper uses vector-autoregressions to gain insights into the dynamic relationships between age at marriage, divorce, fertility, and labor force participation of women. The use of vector-autoregressions let us circumvent the statistical problems faced by previous studies. Age at marriage, fertility, the divorce rate, and the labor force participation rate are permitted to depend on the past values of each other. The impulse response simulations allowed us to observe the short-run reactions of the variables to the unexpected perturbations in the system. Contrary to the evidence presented by cross-sectional analyses, no significant influence of young marriages on the divorce rate is found: A positive shock to the proportion of young marriages did not generate an increase in the divorce rate. On the other hand, young marriages and the divorce rate simultaneously increased or decreased when there were increases in the fertility or the labor force participation rates. This outcome implied that the inverse association between age at marriage and divorce is not a causal relationship; rather divorces and marriages co-vary due to changes in labor force participation and fertility. The results hold when we use the unemployment rate for women as the labor market variable.
Book Review: The European Challenge: Industry’s Response to the 1992 Programme
Authors: Meyer F.V.
Published: June 2017

The European Challenge: Industry’s Response to the 1992 Programme: Edited by G. Mayes, Hemel Hempstead: Harvester Wheatsheaf, 1991, 433pp., Index, £45.00, ISBN 0-7450-1034-2.

The New Europe: Changing Economic Relations between East and West: Susan Senior Nello, Hemel Hempstead: Harvester Wheatsheaf, 1991, 282pp., Index, £40.00, ISBN 0-7450-1050-4.
Book Review: How to Achieve Business Success in Korea: Where Confucius Wears a Three-piece Suit
Authors: Hoare J E
Published: June 2017

Chong Ju Choi and Nigel Wright, How to Achieve Business Success in Korea: Where Confucius Wears a Three-piece Suit, Basingstoke and London: The Macmillan Press 1994. Pp. xii, 176. ISBN 0-333-60642-6.
Explaining Differences in Unemployment between British Travel to Work Areas: The Role of Public Sector Employment and Other Influences
Authors: Gripaios P.A. , Wiseman N.
Published: June 2017

There are large spatial differences in unemployment rates in Great Britain. This article attempts to explain variations in rates between travel to work areas (TTWAs) and focuses particularly on the contribution of public spending to that explanation. Our hypothesis is that higher public or quasi-public spending in the key areas of national government, local government, hospitals and higher education, especially during periods of recession, is negatively related to unemployment in those TTWAs owing to the aggregate demand aspect of such expenditure. It is concluded that public spending does seem to ameliorate the level of unemployment and that other possible determinants of unemployment (representing aspects of both aggregate supply and demand) at the local level are county unemployment, the percentage of employment in traditional industry, a proxy variable for wealth and earnings.
How New is the ‘New Political Economy’? an Overview of Public Choice Literature
Authors: Lalvani Mala
Published: June 2017

Transcending all barriers between economics and politics, this interdisciplinary approach has successfully carved out a niche for itself. In the present study we take the reader on a guided tour into the territory of the Public Choice School. One crucial distinction of this survey article is that the emphasis is on establishing links with the past for each of the major strands along which Public Choice theory has developed. However, it is by no means our endeavour to show that the New Political Economy is simply ‘old wine’ in ‘new bottles’. Much to the contrary, it is our contention that tracing the origins of the various strands of New Political Economy would help us trace the development and progress of the subject as it has evolved. Going back to the historical origins is sure to provide us with insights which, we believe, would contribute significantly in its future development. Although there is no denying that as regards certain specific arguments, differences of opinion are sure to arise but if we move away from the specifics to the general, there can be absolutely no two opinions about the fact that Public Choice theory has much that is commendable and in our opinion does provide an ideal framework for analysing government operations.
Combined Effects of Exposure to Noise and Whole-Body Vibration in Dumpers, Helicopters and Railway Engines
Authors: Landström U , Kjellberg A , Lundström R
Published: June 2017

Three groups of 24 subjects were exposed to alternated periods of noise, vibration and combined exposures of both stimuli, recorded during working conditions in a dumper, a helicopter and a railway engine, respectively. Each condition included 30 minutes' exposure during which wakefulness and performance were measured by means of EEG and a computerized test respectively. The subjects also rated their drowsiness and annoyance. Results of the EEG measurements indicated the lowest level of wakefulness during the combined exposure in all three environments. The differences in ratings of drowsiness between exposures also tended to be higher during the period of combined exposures. The rated annoyance levels were always at the highest level during the combined exposure. Almost equal performance levels were found during the periods of exposure.
Testing of a Folded Plate Space Structure
Authors: Ho D. , Lee P. K. K. , Chung H. W. , Keung W. C.
Published: June 2017

A reinforced concrete folded plate space structure of span 28 m and clear height 9·4 m was constructed as a games hall. The structure was analysed using the finite element method. At the design stage, model tests were carried out to check the accuracy of the method of analysis. To assess the behaviour of the actual structure subject to its self-weight, strains and deflections were monitored during construction both before and after removal of formwork. The tests confirmed that results given by the finite element analysis are of sufficient accuracy for the purpose of design, irrespective of the assumptions involved.
Simplified Elastic-Plastic Analysis of Stiffened Plates and Space Frames
Authors: Sosnowski Wlodzimierz
Published: June 2017

In this paper two algorithms are presented for approximate nonlinear analysis of stiffened plates subjected to lateral and/or in-plane loads. The stiffened plate is treated either as an equivalent orthotropic plate or as a space frame. The last case corresponds to a discrete beam idealization in which the plate is represented by effective flanges acting together with the stiffeners according to simple beam theory. For plane cases local buckling phenomena are incorporated into the frame model.

Three points are believed to be new in this paper:

— comparisons between the two models in nonlinear range are made and as a conclusion the necessity of application of both models of real structure is confirmed because of very different results obtained in elastic and elastic-plastic range. — the additivity of elastic and plastic parts of the total generalized displacement is discussed and some error estimates in terms of known Timoshenko beam hypothesis are given, — formulas for modification of effective breadth values treated as linearized functions of loading in elastic-plastic range are proposed.
Static Analysis of Clad Two-way Cable Net Structures
Authors: Shan J. , Lewis W.J.
Published: June 2017

This paper proposes two numerical models for arbitrary quadrilateral panels, which are the generalisation of their counterparts for rectangular panels, presented in Refs. 3 and 4. The five force model is proved adequate to represent any state of equilibrium of a flat quadrilateral panel, subjected to nodal forces. The four-force model is found useful for warped panels through the investigation on the influence of curvature on flexibility of a panel. A six /four-bar assembly is also proposed as a substitute for the models to simplify the analysis of clad cable net structures.
Experimental Investigation of Prestressing in Double-Layer Grids
Authors: Levy Robert , Hanaor Ariel , Rizzuto Nancy
Published: June 2017

Practical designs of double-layer grids often fail to achieve full utilization of the structural efficiency inherent in this spatial framework. This ineffi-ciency is due partly to the tendency to use a small number of different cross-sections, and partly to the sensitivity of compression members with “brittle type” buckling characteristics to imperfections. Prestressing can enhance structural efficiency through recruitment of unutilized member capacity. The procedure also enables improvement of ductility through some controlled strength trade-off. Results of the experimental work presented in this paper indicated increased strength of 40% compared with the non-prestressed configuration as well as enhanced ductility in the peak load region. Larger enhancements are feasible in large grids.
Sensitivity of Composite and Non-Composite Space Trusses to Member Loss
Authors: El-Sheikh Ahmed
Published: June 2017

Since double layer space trusses have typically a large number of redundant members, it is frequently assumed that they are quite safe as the loss of one or more members can be accommodated without any noticeable effect on truss overall behaviour. The present study shows that every truss includes a number of critical members, the loss of any of which would cause force distributions that could lead to an overall premature collapse. The sensitivity of space trusses to member loss is clearly identified. The composite action between a top concrete slab and a space truss is also introduced as a means to control truss sensitivity to member loss. Factors that affect this sensitivity such as the truss supporting conditions are also investigated.
The Development of MURJ-3D: A Modular, Universal, Re-Configurable Joint for 3-D Space Frame Applications
Authors: Bardell N.S. , Brown D. , Shearn P.D. , Turner D.P. , Longbourne J.R. , Traxson R.J.
Published: June 2017

Currently available joints used for constructing 3-D lattice space-frames effectively prescribe the geometry of the resulting framework and favour regular, repetitive structural geometric forms; to embrace more general geometric forms requires costly, individually-tailored, joints to be made. This paper describes a new, modular, universal, reconfigurable, joint (MURJ-3D) which has been designed specifically to overcome such problems, and hence to permit the construction of both regular and irregular framework geometries with equal facility. Each MURJ-3D acts as a structural node in any general 3-D space-frame by joining together a large number of lattice members whose longitudinal axes all coincide at a point in space. The exact number of lattice members that can be attached to a single MURJ-3D is not specified, but the capacity of the joint is such that the number of available connections is likely to exceed the maximum number of members required in any given application. The location of the connections is, for all practical purposes, infinitely variable over the surface of a sphere. The MURJ-3D is designed to permit subsequent full reconfiguration of the framework member geometry, including the addition and/or removal of individual members; its application to temporary structures, or those requiring in-situ erection, is particularly germane. The concept presented here is validated using a design, build and test schedule, which clearly demonstrates the general efficacy of the joint.
Earthquake Response of Roof Shells
Authors: Kunieda Haruo
Published: June 2017

This paper provides numerical results of the intensity and distribution of response accelerations and stresses of spherical domes and cylindrical roof shells subjected to the Kobe earthquake, using mathematically analytic solutions. It is shown that stresses, especially, in-plane shear stress of cylindrical roof shells, become extremely large when they were subjected to earthquakes of such class as the NS-components of the Kobe earthquake.
Researching Child Victims — Some Methodological Difficulties
Authors: Morgan Jane , Zedner Lucia
Published: June 2017

Research into child victims has been overshadowed by concern about the physical and sexual abuse of children. Children who are victims of other crimes have difficulty in attaining ‘victim status’ and have been overlooked by academics and policy makers. ‘Indirect child victims’, affected by witnessing or living with the impact of crimes against others, are more hidden still even though their experience may be no less serious. This article addresses conceptual, ethical, and methodological difficulties encountered in identifying child victims for the purposes of research in carrying out interviews with children and their families and, finally, in assessing the impact of crime upon them.
The Business Proposal: An Approach that Addresses Integrative Concerns and Practitioner/Academic Relations
Authors: Haley Debra A. , Burrow James L.
Published: June 2017

The development of a business plan in an entrepreneurship class is a unique teaching tool that can be used by educators to achieve a number of worthwhile goals. The development of a comprehensive plan provides an opportunity for communication between market practitioners and marketing academics and a forum for a lively exchange of ideas, requires the student to integrate and apply knowledge from each of the several business disciplines, and provides an alternative method of accomplishing the purpose of a capstone policy course. The implementation and execution of a course designed to meet these goals is addressed.
Teaching Telemarketing in the Framework of the Seven Steps of Personal Selling
Authors: Van Doren Doris C. , Smith Louise W.
Published: June 2017

In the Summer 1986 issue of the Journal of Marketing Education, Clabaugh and Wallace discussed the importance of expanding marketing curricula to include direct marketing. This article describes the rationale and methodology of a teaching module on telemarketing as a natural off-shoot of the basic personal sales process.
Rating Marketing Faculties on the Basis of Editorial Review Board Memberships
Authors: Kurtz David L. , Boone Louis E.
Published: June 2017

This article presents an alternative approach to evaluating marketing faculties in colleges and universities throughout the United States. The authors have made this assessment on the basis of editorial review board memberships rather than the more traditional approach of counting the number of academic publications by faculty members. This evaluative technique, originally presented in the finance literature, provides an interesting contrast to existing studies.
Marketing Education for Accountants
Authors: Blanchette David M.
Published: June 2017

This article addresses the issue of interdisciplinary marketing education by considering the case of marketing concepts and skills relevant for accountants. The need for marketing skills is identified; germane concepts and skills are documented; and suggestions for incorporating them, in order to improve both firm management and client service, are elaborated.
Two Lozenges Containing Benzocaine Assessed in the Relief of Sore Throat
Authors: Kagan G , Huddlestone L , Wolstencroft P
Published: June 2017

A study has been conducted in general practice comparing two brands of lozenges, Merocaine® (Merrell) and Tyrozets®, (M.S.D.), in the management of acute sore throat and pharyngitis.

Eighty-eight patients entered the between-patient study and each completed a diary card covering symptoms experienced and dosage used for each of the two drugs.

The doctor reported upon the appearance of the throat and added antibiotics in cases of necessity, which was approximately for one-third of patients.

Merocaine proved to be significantly superior to Tyrozets in producing rapid pain relief (within 15 minutes) and reduction of faucial and pharyngeal injection.
Aromatase Inhibitors: Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutic Implications in Breast Cancer
Authors: Pérez N , Borja J
Published: June 2017

Aminoglutethimide was the first aromatase inhibitor to be used in breast cancer therapy but, since it interacts with the synthetic glucocorticoids, hydrocortisone must also be given as a replacement. The most important side-effects of aminoglutethimide are at the level of the central nervous system. Other aromatase inhibitors with greater potency and selectivity are being developed. Pyridoglutethimide, a compound resulting from modifications to the structure of aminoglutethimide, seems to be devoid of sedative properties according to preliminary tests on the central nervous system. 4-Hydroxyandrostenedione is significantly more potent and better tolerated than aminoglutethimide. Fadrozole (CGS 16 949 A) is 200 – 400 times more potent than aminoglutethimide and is now in phase II of its clinical development. CGS 20 267 has no effect on adrenal steroidogenesis and is currently in phase I of its clinical development. Availability of newer aromatase inhibitors could make a worthwhile contribution to endocrine therapy in breast cancer.
Inhibitory Effect of Nafamostat Mesilate on Metastasis into the Livers of Mice and on Invasion of the Extracellular Matrix by Cancer Cells
Authors: Kimura T , Fuchimoto S , Iwagaki H , Hizuta A , Orita K
Published: June 2017

Although many agents that interfere with clotting mechanisms have been investigated for their potential to inhibit metastasis, their toxicity has prevented administration of sufficiently high doses to achieve inhibition of metastasis in clinical trials. Nafamostat mesilate (FUT-175), a synthetic serine protease inhibitor, inhibited liver metastasis in a CDF1 mice model with colon 26 adenocarcinoma cells. The apparently dose-dependent inhibitory effect was seen 21 days after all of the doses tested (0.3, 1.0, 3.0 and 10.0 nig/kg for 7 days) but the effect was only statistically significant ( P < 0.01) at the highest dose. The blood concentrations 3 min after dosing were less than 10−6 M for all of the doses tested. At a concentration of 10−5 M or less nafamostat mesilate was not cytotoxic towards colon 26 cells in vitro. The results indicate that it may not be difficult to achieve blood nafamostat mesilate concentrations that inhibit metastasis in mouse liver. Possible mechanisms of nafamostat mesilate are inhibition of extravasation and invasion of cancer cells, inactivation of collagenase due to inhibition of plasmin activity and inhibition of the formation of the cancer cell thrombus, and arrest in the capillaries through inhibition of thrombin activity. These preliminary results suggest that peri-operative administration of nafamostat mesilate may prevent metastasis into the liver after surgery for gastrointestinal malignancies.
Effects of Bromocriptine on Dopamine Turnover with or without Levodopa
Authors: Ogawa N , Asanvma M , Tanaka K , Matsuura K , Iida K , Yamamoto M
Published: June 2017

Bromocriptine, a dopamine agonist, alleviates symptoms of Parkinson's disease, even when administered alone, and is used for its treatment. Better therapeutic effects are, however, achieved when bromocriptine is used in combination with levodopa. In this study, we examined the biochemical changes caused by bromocriptine administration with and without levodopa, and evaluated the effects of the treatments on dopamine turnover in the mouse striatum. Results show that dopamine turnover is suppressed by the administration of bromocriptine alone with a slight decrease in the amount of dopamine, and dopamine turnover is very strongly promoted by the administration of levodopa. When the two drugs are administered together, bromocriptine enhances the levodopa-induced increase in dopamine turnover in the striatum. These findings indicate that bromocriptine therapy in combination with levodopa enhances the dopaminergic function and suggest that the combination therapy of bromocriptine and levodopa shows good efficacy. The results of this study may, thus, provide a theoretical basis for the combination therapy of bromocriptine and levodopa.
Efficacy and Safety of Risperidone in Psychotic Patients: An Open Study
Authors: Daradkeh T K , Reda F , Karim L
Published: June 2017

This open prospective study was undertaken to determine the efficacy and safety of a fixed dose (6 mg) of risperidone in psychotic patients. Hospital in-patients who fulfilled DSM-111-R criteria for schizophrenia, schizoaffective and bipolar disorders were eligible for entry into the study ( n = 15). Patients who were on other antipsychotics had a washout period of 1 week before they were started on the drug. A fixed dose of risperidone was administered (6 mg). The Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS), Negative Symptom Rating Scale (NSRS) and Abnormal Involuntary Movement Scale were used to measure psychopathology and extrapyramidal side-effects. Five patients dropped out of the study. Two patients became very agitated and potentially aggressive, one patient became very restless and did not respond to benzodiazepines, and one dropped out because of restlessness that did not respond to clonazepam. Of the 10 patients who completed the study, 50 per cent reduction on BPRS and NSRS was achieved by five and six patients respectively. There was a marginally significant trend towards a greater reduction in the magnitude of negative symptoms. Four patients required treatment with anticholinergic drugs. Risperidone was effective in resistent psychotic patients, but agitated and impulsive psychotic patients with positive symptoms may not be best candidates for treatment with risperidone. On average, negative symptoms respond better than positive symptoms.
Das bruzellöse Granulom
Authors: Jacob K.
Published: June 2017

The reactive tissue changes in brucellosis of man and animals are discussed and compared. Brucellosis can lead to exudative and proliferative reactions. Granulomas, composed chiefly of reticulo-histiocytic elements, often occur in the course of the proliferative inflammation. In an anatomic classification, the brucella infections belong to the infectious granulomas. The brucella granulomas possess only a limited specificity, as do the other “specific“ inflammations.
The Pathogenesis of Ocular Lesions of Infectious Canine Hepatitis: 1. Pathology and Virological Observations
Authors: Carmichael L. E.
Published: June 2017

Disease-free dogs, known to be susceptible to infectious canine hepatitis, were inoculated with this virus subcutaneously or intravenously. Antibody and virus titers were measured in the aqueous humor and blood serum. Ocular tissue was examined for the presence of virus by fluorescence microscopy. During the acute febrile stage of illness there was mild iridocyclitis without corneal involvement. The latter supervened during convalescence.

Two fundamentally different modes of pathogenesis are postulated for the ocular lesions of infectious canine hepatitis. During the acute phase of illness, prior to the onset of circulating antibody, uveitis occurs that is related directly to effects of viral growth in vascular endothelium, and in reticuloendothelial elements of the anterior uvea. The severe iridocyclitis with corneal opacification that occurs in clinically recovered dogs possess characteristics of the Arthus-type of ocular hypersensitivity.
Gastric Ulcers in Swine
Authors: Nafstad Inger
Published: June 2017

The effects of different protein levels, different fat levels and the supplement of vitamins B1 and E and the amino acids lysine, methionine and tryptophan on the development of gastric ulcers in pigs were studied in three experiments involving 72 pigs. The addition of vitamin B1, amino acids and the feeding of low fat rations did not change the number of stomach lesions observed. A modifying effect of vitamin E on ulcer development was observed. The feeding of low protein diets resulted in no increase of the total number of stomach lesions, but appeared to increase their severity. The pathology of gastric ulcers is described.
Gastric Ulcers in Swine
Authors: Nafstad Inger , Tollersrud Sverre
Published: June 2017

Feeding of pig rations containing high amounts of unsaturated fatty acids either in fresh or oxidized condition was demonstrated to possess strongly ulcerogenic properties. The addition of amino acids or selenium, or the increase of dietary protein did not change the number of the lesions. Vitamin E seemed to produce a certain protective effect, but this appeared to be partial and slight. The mode of action of vitamin E in preventing gastric lesions is discussed.
Renal Calcification in the Domestic Cat
Authors: Lucke Vanda M. , Hunt A. C.
Published: June 2017

Morphologically similar deposits of calcium salts have been demonstrated in the renal medullary tubules of cats with both normal kidneys and cats with scarred ones. The deposits were dystrophic and occurred in the tubular basement membranes, and in the lumens as casts and as calcospherites. In the basement membranes calcification was preceded by hyalinisation and accumulation of cholesterol esters. It is proposed that calcospherites are formed from lipid from the proximal tubular epithelium.

X-ray diffraction studies indicated 5 different crystalline substances. Only 2 have been identified: one resembles Whitlockite (Ca3(PO4)2), the other gypsum (CaSO4.2H2O).
A Nonlocal Damage Theory for Laminated Plate with Application to Aircraft Damage Tolerance
Authors: Nahan M. , Kennedy T.
Published: June 2017

Composite pressure vessel design requires the prediction of failure given large-scale damage. Cracks in composite laminates are known to develop a damage zone that exhibits strain-softening. This investigation sought to develop a computational model that simulates progressive damage and predicts failure of complex laminated shell structures subject to combined tension and flexure. The model assumed a macroscopic definition of orthotropic damage that was allowed to vary linearly through the shell thickness. It was further proposed that nonlocal plate strain and curvature act to force damage growth according to a set of uniaxial criteria. Damage induced strain softening is exhibited by degradation of laminate stiffness. An expression for the damage reduced laminated plate stiffness was derived which assumed the familiar laminated plate [ABD] stiffness matrix format. The model was implemented in a finite element shell program for simulation of fracture and evaluation of damage tolerance. A combined tension plus flexure fracture test was developed for characterizing damage. Analysis was performed on a section of pressurized composite fuselage containing a large crack. Good agreement was found between calculations and test results.
Effects of Filler Content and Surface Treatment on Drop-Weight Dart Impact Fracture Behaviour of Glass Bead-Filled Polypropylene Binary Composites
Authors: Liang J. Z. , Li R. K. Y. , Tjong S. C.
Published: June 2017

The effects of A-glass bead content and its surface treatment on the drop-weight dart impact fracture behaviour of the filled polypropylene (PP) binary composites at room temperature have been investigated. For the uncoated filler filled system (PP/3000U), the maximum impact force (Fmax) and the crack propagation energy (Epc) vary gently with the volume fraction (of); while for the system filled with coated fillers with silane coupling agent (PP/3000), Fmax and EP, values reach minimum at around Of = 15%. The impact fracture energy (Ed C) and crack initiation energy (Eic) for both the composites increase with increasing Of when Of is greater than 15%. The influence of the filler surface treatment on Ed C and Ej, of the composites is irregular. Furthermore, the impact fracture morphology of the specimens has been observed and analyzed.
Delamination of Unidirectional Glass Fibre-Epoxy with Cut Plies Loaded in Four Point Bending
Authors: Wisnom Michael R. , Jones M. I.
Published: June 2017

Constant thickness unidirectional specimens with plies cut across the complete width have been tested in four point bending. With the cut plies on both the tension and compression side, specimens failed by delamination initiating above and below the ends of the cut plies, and propagating along the interfaces between continuous and discontinuous plies. Finite element analysis has been carried out to determine the stress distributions and strain energy release rates, and an analytical expression for the strain energy release rate has also been derived. Predictions of the delamination stresses correlate well with measured values.
Monitoring the Hydrolytic Degradation of Polyester-Based Composites by a Piezoelectric Method
Authors: Saint-Pierre N. , Perrissin-Fabert I. , Jayet Y. , Tatibouet J.
Published: June 2017

Theoretical considerations show that the electric impedance of a piezoelectric element depends on the physical and geometrical properties of the element and also on the viscoelastic characteristics of the different media surrounding it. According to a dynamic model, an original technique has been developed by inserting a piezoelectric ceramic in the composite structure when processed. The electric signal, after signal processing and numerical treatments, gives access to the viscoelastic properties of the external medium. This method is an excellent indicator to display the polymerization kinetics of the resin as well as the post-curing phase of the composite structure process. Moreover, a further application of this nondestructive method is the monitoring of the hydrolitic degradation of the composite structure. The evolution of the electric impedance of the piezoelectric sensor is presented here as a function of water exposition time for a polyester-based composite.
Material Characterization of Pultruded Laminates and Shapes
Authors: Sonti S. S. , Barbero E. J.
Published: June 2017

This paper discusses the material characterization of wide flange pultruded structural shapes (E-glass, Vinylester). The material was subjected to three loading conditions: tension, shear, and bending. Coupon samples were obtained from web and flanges of the I-section for tension and shear tests. Tensile properties were obtained from rectangular coupons with end tabs loaded in tension to failure. Shear properties were obtained from two different test methods: Iosipescu shear test method and torsion of rectangular samples. Experimentally determined material properties were compared to analytical predictions based on micro and macromechanics. Micromechanical models are used for the prediction of individual laminae (roving layers, continuous strand mat, nexus veils) properties. Classical lamination theory (CLT) is then used to predict the laminate properties. In addition, I-beams were tested in bending to evaluate their response and the experimental results were compared to predictions using Mechanics of Laminated Beams (MLB) approach. Results indicate a good correlation between experimental data and theoretical predictions, showing that the properties of pultruded composites can be predicted with sufficient accuracy. The superiority of the torsion test for determination of in-plane shear stiffness is demonstrated.
Error Limitations in the Determination of Mechanical Properties of Thin Films
Authors: Breton F. A. , Knauss W. G.
Published: June 2017

This study addresses the ability to determine stiffness parameters and Poisson's ratio of ultrathin films in terms of isotropic material description. A primary concern is the precision with which such determinations can be made by means of certain continuum analyses. Starting from previously published results and drawing on energy methods for modeling the load-deflection relationship of rectangular membranes of arbitrary aspect ratio an analysis improvement reduces the error from the 40% range to 2-10% values. Further precision can only be derived from numerical analysis. By comparing the numerical data of load-versus-deflection behavior to that for the energy based approximation, Young's modulus can be determined to within 2% of the value specified, provided that Poisson's ratio, v, is known. If the latter is not the case, the error increases to 7 to 10%, if a limited range of Poisson's ratio is admitted. In addition, a method to determine Poisson's ratio is pursued by considering membranes of various aspect ratios. This method, which may also be readily applied for "exact" numerical analyses, was found to be particularly useful for materials with Poisson's ratio in the range from 0.25 to 0.5. Finally, this study is then extended to bimaterial films in two different fashions: through the use of an effective thickness defined in terms of a stretch equivalent, and through the use of effective material properties. The first method was found useful for low Poisson's ratio material whereas the second method was successful for high Poisson's ratio materials. Young's modulus of the material under test was retrieved on average within 3 %.
In situ Monitoring of the Cure Process of Fiberglass/Polyester Composites
Authors: Cameron Jack , Zhang Yongping
Published: June 2017

The theoretical relationship between the extent of cure and the temperature obtained in thermoset polyester resins is introduced. The curing behavior of resins in the presence of reinforcing phases was also investigated using a computer-assisted thermal analysis system. The outcome of the study was that the relationship between the cure time and temperature readings on the specimen can be used to assess the extent of cure.
The Contribution to Residual Stress by Differential Resin Shrinkage
Authors: Motahhari Siamak , Cameron John
Published: June 2017

A new method is introduced to measure the dimensional changes of the polymeric resins while they go through the curing process. The dimensional change of the resin can be detected by implanting two markers into the resin and looking at the relative movement of them under an optical microscope. In the next part of this study, a partially-filled polymer specimen was made with continuous fibers. The measurement of the residual strain in the un-reinforced polymer phase of the specimen and comparison of it to the shrinkage value, indicated that only 3.3% of the resin shrinkage remained as residual strain in the polymer. Furthermore, the reheating of the bi-layer sample revealed that the stress free temperature is much lower than the curing temperature of the composite.
Attitudes of Hispanic, Black, and Caucasion University Students Toward Mental Illness
Authors: Crane Rosario Silva de , Spielberger Charles D.
Published: June 2017

The attitudes of 309 Anglo, Spanish American, and Black American subjects toward mental illness were investigated. Both the Black and Hispanic college students had significantly higher Authoritarianism scores and Blacks had higher Social Restrictiveness scores on the Opinions about Mental Illness Scale, indicating more negative attitudes toward mental patients. Benevolence scores, indicating a paternalistic attitude toward the mentally ill, were lower for Blacks than for Hispanics or Caucasians. The three groups showed no significant differences in their beliefs that mental illness was an illness like any other and in their beliefs that mental illness arises from personal experience.
Health Care Utilization by Low-Income Clients of a Community Clinic: An Archival Study
Authors: Marín Barbara VanOss , Marín Gerardo , Padilla Amado M. , Rocha Castulo de la , Fay Joe
Published: June 2017

An archival study was done of 500 medical records from a community clinic serving a low-income predominantly Hispanic area of Los Angeles. Data collected included demographic characteristics and presenting symptoms or reasons for visit, as well as diagnoses and treatment. Patients tended to be young, poor, female Hispanics. The majority of patient visits were for family planning services, with smaller proportions for pediatric, general medical, or pregnancy testing services. Return rates for family planning and other services were not as high as desirable, with more than half of the sample having made only one clinic visit. A careful analysis of the demographic characteristics of oral contraceptive acceptors who returned or did not return for services indicated that the two groups were similar to each other except that married women were more likely to return than single women. One quarter of positive pregnancy tests were done on women who were more than 12 weeks pregnant, while another quarter of positive tests were referred for abortion. The data highlighted certain changes needed in service delivery, such as the need for a pre- and postnatal care component of service and a need to attract more older and male patients. In the future, collection of archival data from this same clinic could facilitate the evaluation of certain policy changes, since those data could be compared with the present findings.
Endoscopic Forehead Rejuvenation: Using Bone Channels for Soft-Tissue Suspension
Authors: Jugan Milan J. , Sellers Vernon A. , Waite Peter D.
Published: June 2017

Introduction:

The use of endoscopic procedures to facilitate the rejuvenation of the upper face offers today's cosmetic surgery patient a less invasive and less morbid procedure, with comparable results to the various open techniques. Multiple methods of soft-tissue suspension have been utilized with varying results while performing endoscopic browlift procedures. All methods of suspension attempt to maintain the elevated brow, however they differ in length of time for fixation, use of hardware, and the need for secondary procedures.

Purpose:

The purpose of this article is to review various techniques of soft-tissue suspension for endoscopic forehead rejuvenation and describe the bone channel technique.

Methods:

The authors present a brief review of the history of soft-tissue suspension in endoscopic forehead rejuvenation ranging from the use of scalp excision to resorbable suspension screws. A procedure for the use of bone channels to maintain suture suspension of the soft-tissue flap, which is currently in use at their institutions, is presented.

Results:

The bone channel procedure is a simple, predictable technique that provides long term suspension of the soft-tissue flap, eliminates the use of hardware, and allows for immediate closure of the instrumentation ports.

Conclusions:

This simple technique of suture suspension using bone channels in the outer cortex of the cranial bone provides an inexpensive and predictable alternative for endoscopic forehead rejuvenation. Proper use can successfully effect a pleasing and natural look for the facial cosmetic surgery patient.