bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comprendre les atouts de la diversification des systèmes d’élevage herbivores du nord du Massif central
Authors: DUMONT Bertrand , COURNUT Sylvie , MOSNIER Claire , MUGNIER Sylvie , FLEURANCE Géraldine , BIGOT Geneviève , FORTEAU Louise , VEYSSET Patrick , RAPEY Hélène
Published: January 2021

Les systèmes d’élevage en Auvergne associent souvent plusieurs productions du fait de la géographie et de l’histoire régionale. Avec la transition agroécologique, la diversification des systèmes d’élevage herbivores est considérée comme un levier pour répondre à leurs enjeux productifs et environnementaux, mais les références techniques et organisationnelles manquent encore. Ici nous rapportons de nouvelles connaissances issues d’enquêtes réalisées dans trois types de systèmes diversifiés : polyculture-bovins viande, mixtes bovins-ovins et mixtes bovins-équins. Un modèle d’optimisation sous contrainte étend l’analyse au système bovins lait-viande, et simule l’empreinte carbone et la résilience des différents systèmes. Conduire deux espèces animales au sein d’une même exploitation permet de mieux gérer l’herbe et le parasitisme digestif, et peut ainsi réduire les intrants et les charges variables de l’exploitation. De même, l’association de cultures à un élevage bovins viande conduit à acheter moins d’aliments, et réduit les charges variables et l’empreinte carbone de l’exploitation. La mixité bovins-ovins dilue les coûts d’équipement pour la récolte des fourrages, les besoins en bâtiments, et sécurise le revenu. Peu d’équipements sont en revanche communs aux ateliers d’élevage et de cultures ce qui limite les économies de gamme en polyculture-bovins viande. Les fluctuations annuelles du revenu sont les moins tamponnées dans le système bovins lait-viande où les deux ateliers partagent le même marché de viande bovine. Enfin, la mixité d’espèces permet de mieux répartir le travail durant la campagne annuelle, la satisfaction liée à un travail varié étant également mise en avant par les éleveurs bovins-ovins et bovins-équins. Ainsi malgré des bénéfices d’amplitude variable selon les systèmes, la diversification des systèmes d’élevage herbivores peut accroître leur efficience et offre des clés d’adaptation face à la variabilité du contexte de production, sans nécessairement générer plus de travail.
"Dividing and Conquering" and "Caching" in Molecular Modeling
Authors: Cao Xiaoyong , Tian Pu
Published: January 2021

Molecular modeling is widely utilized in subjects including but not limited to physics, chemistry, biology, materials science and engineering. Impressive progress has been made in development of theories, algorithms and software packages. To divide and conquer, and to cache intermediate results have been long standing principles in development of algorithms. Not surprisingly, Most of important methodological advancements in more than half century of molecule modeling are various implementations of these two fundamental principles. In the mainstream classical computational molecular science based on force fields parameterization by coarse graining, tremendous efforts have been invested on two lines of algorithm development. The first is coarse graining, which is to represent multiple basic particles in higher resolution modeling as a single larger and softer particle in lower resolution counterpart, with resulting force fields of partial transferability at the expense of some information loss. The second is enhanced sampling, which realizes "dividing and conquering" and/or "caching" in configurational space with focus either on reaction coordinates and collective variables as in metadynamics and related algorithms, or on the transition matrix and state discretization as in Markov state models. For this line of algorithms, spatial resolution is maintained but no transferability is available. Deep learning has been utilized to realize more efficient and accurate ways of "dividing and conquering" and "caching" along these two lines of algorithmic research. We proposed and demonstrated the local free energy landscape approach, a new framework for classical computational molecular science and a third class of algorithm that facilitates molecular modeling through partially transferable in resolution "caching" of distributions for local clusters of molecular degrees of freedom. Differences, connections and potential interactions among these three algorithmic directions are discussed, with the hope to stimulate development of more elegant, efficient and reliable formulations and algorithms for "dividing and conquering" and "caching" in complex molecular systems.
Chitosan Elicitation Impacts Flavonolignan Biosynthesis in Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertn Cell Suspension and Enhances Antioxidant and Anti-inflammatory Activities of Cell Extracts
Authors: Shah Muzamil , Jan Hasnain , Drouet Samantha , Tungmunnithum Duangjai , Shirazi Jafir Hussain , Christophe Hano , Abbasi Bilal Haider
Published: January 2021

Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertn is a rich source of antioxidants and anti-inflammatory flavonolignans with great potential for use in pharmaceutical and cosmetic products. Its biotechnological production using in vitro culture system has been proposed. Chitosan is a well-known elicitor that strongly affects both secondary metabolites and biomass production by plants. The effect of chitosan on S. marianum cell suspension is not known yet. In the present study, suspension cultures of S marianum were exploited for their in vitro potency to produce bioactive flavonolignans in the presence of chitosan. Established cell suspension culture was maintained on the same hormonal media supplemented with 0.5 mg/L BAP (6-benzylaminopurine) and 1.0 mg/L NAA (α-naphthalene acetic acid) under photoperiod 16/8 h (light/dark) and exposed to various treatments of chitosan (ranging from 0.5 to 50.0 mg/L). The highest biomass production was observed for cell suspension treated with 5.0 mg/L chitosan, resulting in 123.3 g/L fresh weight (FW) and 17.7 g/L dry weight (DW) productions. Chitosan treatment resulted in an overall increase in the accumulation of flavonoids, phenolic compounds and silymarin. High accumulation levels of silybin B, silydianin and silybin A were recorded by HPLC analysis. The corresponding extracts displayed interesting antioxidant and anti-inflammatory capacities. In particular, high ABTS antioxidant activity (741.5 μM Trolox C equivalent antioxidant capacity) was recorded in extracts obtained in presence of 0.5 mg/L of chitosan. On the opposite, highest inhibitions of cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2, 30.5 %), secretory phospholipase A2 (sPLA2, 33.9 %) and 15-lipoxygenase (15-LOX-2, 31.6 %) enzymes involved in inflammation process were measured in extracts obtained in presence of 5.0 mg/L of chitosan. Taken together, these results highlight the high potential of the chitosan elicitation of the S. marianum cell suspension for enhanced production of antioxidant and anti-inflammatory silymarin-rich extracts.
Utilizing the Food-Pathogen Metabolome to Putatively Identify Biomarkers for the Detection of Shiga Toxin-Producing E. coli (STEC) from Spinach
Authors: Jadhav Snehal R. , Shah Rohan M. , Karpe Avinash V. , Barlow Robert , McMillan Kate , Colgrave Michelle L. , Beale David J.
Published: January 2021

Shiga toxigenic E. coli (STEC) are an important cause of foodborne disease globally with many outbreaks linked to the consumption of contaminated foods such as leafy greens. Existing methods for STEC detection and isolation are time-consuming. Rapid methods may assist in preventing contaminated products from reaching consumers. This proof-of-concept study aimed to determine if a metabolomics approach could be used to detect STEC contamination in spinach. Using untargeted metabolic profiling, the bacterial pellets and supernatants arising from bacterial and inoculated spinach enrichments were investigated for the presence of unique metabolites that enabled categorization of three E. coli risk groups. A total of 109 and 471 metabolite features were identified in bacterial and inoculated spinach enrichments, respectively. Supervised OPLS-DA analysis demonstrated clear dis-crimination between bacterial enrichments containing different risk groups. Further analysis of the spinach enrichments determined that pathogen risk groups 1 and 2 could be easily discriminated from the other groups, though some clustering of risk groups 1 and 2 was observed, likely representing their genomic similarity. Biomarker discovery identified metabolites that were significantly associated with risk groups and may be appropriate targets for potential biosensor development. This study has confirmed that metabolomics can be used to identify the presence of pathogenic E. coli likely to be implicated in human disease.
Effects of light intensity and co-inoculation of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and rhizobium on root growth and nodulation of Indigofera tinctoria
Authors: Budiastuti Maria Theresia Sri , Purnomo Djoko , Supriyono Supriyono , Pujiasmanto Bambang , Setyaningrum Desy
Published: January 2021

Indigofera tinctoria is a legume that is cultivated as a source of natural indigo dyes. As a legume, Indigofera tinctoria is capable of symbiosis with soil microbes. This study evaluates the effects of light intensity and microbial inoculation on root growth and nodulation. The study used a complete randomized block design with a split-plot pattern. Light intensity was the main plot with four levels of light intensity 100%, 50%, 25%, and 10%. Microbial inoculation was a subplot with four levels without inoculation, mycorrhizae inoculation, rhizobium inoculation, and double inoculation with both mycorrhizae and rhizobium. The results obtained show that light intensity and microbial inoculation affected root length, root fresh weight, root biomass, and the number of nodules. 50% light intensity was optimum for root length, while 100% light intensity was optimum for root fresh weight, root biomass, and a number of nodules. Root growth and nodulation were further increased with double inoculation. The combination of light intensity and microbial inoculation affected root biomass and nodulation. The combination of 100% light intensity and double inoculation resulted in the highest root biomass and nodule numbers. Mycorrhizae and rhizobium have a synergistic relationship to nodulation and root growth. Double inoculation with mycorrhizae and rhizobium efficiently increased root biomass and the number of nodules under low or high light intensity.
Economic growth, pollution, and quality of environment: estimation of problems and solutions
Authors:   Sergo Ordzhonikidze Russian State University for Geological Prospecting, Zaernyuk Victor , Zabaykin Yuriy ,   Sergo Ordzhonikidze Russian State University for Geological Prospecting, Kharlamov Mikhail ,   Sergo Ordzhonikidze Russian State University for Geological Prospecting, Chi Zhang ,   Sergo Ordzhonikidze Russian State University for Geological Prospecting
Published: January 2021

Faced with the dilemma of industrial economic growth and improved environmental quality, the government must formulate a sound environmental regulatory policy to accelerate the tipping point of improving environmental quality. In our opinion, the issues of measuring the effectiveness and rationality of economic policies and environmental regulation tools will be at the centre of scientists’ upcoming research. Production with a high level of pollution limits the further development of the economy of any country. It is necessary to radically change the mode of development of the industrial economy, which requires a constant increase in the overall productivity of «green» factors of production, which contribute to improving the quality of economic growth in industry. In the process of accelerating the «green» transformation of the economy, the important role of the productivity of «green» factors in the transformation of the economic growth regime should be fully realized. The authors examine environmental factors that directly affect the country’s economy in the context of the selected indicators. Improving the quality of the environment is not an inevitable endogenous result in the process of economic growth, that is why, we cannot continue the current extensive economic growth regime and expect automatic improvement in the quality of the environment. There is a certain threshold for the quality of the environment. As soon as environmental pollution exceeds the capacity of the ecosystem, it will lead to irreversible environmental losses. Therefore, we must first correct the concept of pollution, and then control it, taking into account the improvement of environmental quality and economic growth.
National projects and government programmes: functional algorithm for evaluating and modelling using the Data Science methodology
Authors:   Academy of Public Administration under President of Republic of Uzbekistan (APA), Astanakulov Olim
Published: January 2021

Programme and target planning procedures in Russia have a lot of shortcomings, related to the selection of priority goals, establishment of criteria for evaluating the effectiveness of target programmes, as well as achievement of goals, development of a system of performance indicators, and so on. In addition, the problem of the lack of a high-quality theoretical and legislative framework for the transition to budget expenditures planning in accordance with the principles of result-oriented budgeting remains urgent. The purpose of this paper is to develop a functional fuzzy computing algorithm for modelling the evaluation of government programmes using neural networks. As a part of this work, we obtained stable results in the form of creating a neural network that can analyze government projects using a multi-criteria method, taking into account the root-mean-square error, with an accuracy of up to 95%. The analysis criteria cover all effective areas for predicting the correct use of the government projects by implementing them in the government systems.
Cryptoassets as an emerging class of digital assets in the financial accounting
Authors:   Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Yatsyk Tetiana , Shvets Viktor ,   Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv
Published: January 2021

Introduction. Currently, there is no single, unified framework for the classification of cryptoassets. Consequently, there is no generally applied definition of neither cryptoassets, nor digital tokens, due to the variety of features and bespoke nature of the transactions in practice. The objective of this paper is to define the essence of cryptoassets in the financial accounting, identify attributes for its taxonomy and provide a multipurpose overview of cryptoassets market environment. Methods. In a comprehensive overview of cryptoassets market environment, the authors have used statistical monitoring, as well as dynamic, comparative and structural analysis. The selected sample includes daily data of cryptoassets market capitalization. Data were gathered from multiple sources at various time points during February 2016 - July 2020. Results. According to the conducted research, the countries with the largest number of registered cryptoassets exchanges are: the UK, Hong Kong, Singapore and the US, however, about 17% of exchanges still stay with unknown countries of registration. It is expected that the number of such exchanges will reduce soon, due to the adoption of certain legislative frameworks regarding cryptoassets. The authors define the essence of such terms as: cryptoassets, cryptocurrency, digital tokens and propose a cryptoassets taxonomy, based on the token’s functionality and characteristics. Four main types of cryptoassets have been identified and defined, namely: cryptocurrency (payment tokens), security tokens, utility tokens, asset-backed tokens and hybrid (or mixed) tokens. The authors suggest possible financial accounting treatment for each type of the cryptoassets. Conclusions. The cryptoassets market capitalization reacted to the factors such as global financial fluctuations due to macroeconomic factors and the COVID-19 pandemic as well as increasing digital asset regulations in early 2020. Cryptoassets remain largely a self-regulated industry and they still have no legal definition. The authors define cryptoassets as transferable digital assets recorded with a distributed ledger technology, which prohibits their copying or duplication. Due to the plethora amount of types of cryptoassets, a case-specific review should be required to determine the corresponding financial accounting treatment. The methodology of cryptoassets accounting treatment require further research.
Economic or financial substantiation for smart city solutions: a literature study
Authors:   Transport and Telecommunication Institute, Popova Yelena
Published: January 2021

The research is aimed to find the answer for the research question: Do the researchers demonstrate economic or financial substantiation for implementation of smart solutions for different dimensions of smart city? The goal of the research is to determine the publications presenting the economic or financial substantiations for smart solutions for smart city and to determine the type of the provided substantiation. It is very important, since Smart City is becoming our life step by step, though the components of it are introduced without any economic study, estimation and substantiation. This research is done to discover the areas where such substantiations exist, and to estimate the possibility of applying the methods, described in these studies, for smart solutions in smart city. The study considers the academic articles in English included in Scopus database and available online in full text. The primary selection comprised 927 publications for the period 1993-2020, and only 22 of them contained the comprehensive or close to comprehensive economic or financial analysis. This fact demonstrates the lack of economic and financial researches in the sphere of Smart City. The study allows the scholars to use the reviewed publications as providing the economic and financial basis for smart city; it also demonstrates the areas of smart city and smart solutions where specialists in economy can apply their competences.
An integrative model of emotional intelligence development of the Chinese secondary language personality in the context of modern management
Authors:   Pushkin State Russian Language Institute, Vanyushina Natalia , Makarova Anna ,   Pushkin State Russian Language Institute, Shanturova Galina ,   Pushkin State Russian Language Institute
Published: January 2021

The formation of skill of understanding the interlocutor’s emotions and correcting one’s own emotions with regard to a specific communication situation, the development of adaptive abilities of the individual through emotional interaction with others, as well as the ability to predict the resulting failures in various types of social activity, should be considered as mandatory conditions for ensuring the success of communication. To study a peculiar aspect of emotional intelligence formation, a research task was set: taking into account the ethno-psychological and cultural characteristics of the Chinese audience, to use the phenomenon of «double alienation» in order to create a role-playing situation that allows one to communicate from another person, removing the protective psycho-emotional mechanisms of the Chinese language personality; in other words, realizing a «compulsion to double alienation». An important place here is also given to a multi-level emotional and communicative reflection, directed both externally and internally. The hypothesis of the study is to investigate the possibility of using emotional intelligence by native Chinese speakers. At the centre of our task was the choice of certain forms of work and the construction of the educational process in a way that would contribute to the development of emotional intelligence of the secondary language personality of Chinese students. In order to prove or refute the research hypothesis put forward by us, we conducted a formative experiment that allowed us to test the methodological innovation and evaluate its impact on the parameter under study. The following interactive methods for developing emotional intelligence were chosen for the experiment: psychological role-playing game-discussion using the «Six Thinking Hats» technique developed by the famous British researcher Edward de Bono as a system for organizing thinking and describing tools for structuring group discussion. The technique helps to develop the emotional intelligence of a manager of a modern company with international activities and improve interaction in multinational project teams. Our experiment showed a non-random connection between the inclusion of a new method of «forcing to double alienation», which takes into account the ethno-psychological characteristics of participants, and the resulting effectiveness, which allowed us to choose it as the optimal one for the effective forming of the emotional intelligence of a secondary Chinese language personality.
Влияние суточной гипоксии на функциональные показатели гемоцитов Anadara kagoshimensis (Tokunaga, 1906)
Authors: Кладченко Е. С. , Андреева А. Ю. , Кухарева Т. А. , Рычкова В. Н. , Солдатов А. А.
Published: January 2021

Марикультурные хозяйства традиционно расположены в прибрежных участках, где моллюски могут подвергаться воздействию гипоксии. Культивирование в условиях дефицита кислорода приводит к снижению темпов роста, вспышкам заболеваний на фермах и массовой гибели моллюсков. Методом проточной цитометрии исследовано влияние краткосрочной гипоксии на функциональные показатели гемоцитов анадары (Anadara kagoshimensis). Контрольную группу содержали при 6,7–6,8 мг O2·л−1, опытную — при 0,4–0,5 мг O2·л−1. Экспозиция — 24 часа. Содержание кислорода в воде снижали, продувая её газообразным азотом. В гемолимфе моллюска на основании относительного размера и относительной гранулярности идентифицировано две группы гемоцитов: гранулоциты (эритроциты) и агранулоциты (амёбоциты). Эритроциты — преобладающий тип клеток в гемолимфе A. kagoshimensis: их доля составила более 90 % от общего числа клеток. Суточная гипоксия не привела к изменениям клеточного состава гемолимфы анадары. Способность к продукции активных форм кислорода и уровень смертности гемоцитов моллюсков экспериментальной группы также остались на уровне контрольных значений. Результаты проведённого исследования свидетельствуют о толерантности анадары к условиям острого дефицита кислорода.
Биогеохимические характеристики мелководных струйных метановых газовыделений в прибрежных районах Крыма в сравнении с глубоководными сипами Чёрного моря
Authors: Малахова Т. В. , Егоров В. Н. , Малахова Л. В. , Артёмов Ю. Г. , Пименов Н. В.
Published: January 2021

Струйные метановые газовыделения (сипы) — широко распространённый феномен в Мировом океане, в том числе в бассейне Чёрного моря. Актуальность исследований метановых сипов обусловлена их важной ролью в качестве источника метана как парникового и средообразующего газа для водной толщи и атмосферы. В работе представлен сравнительный анализ данных собственных биогеохимических исследований мелководных сипов Крымского полуострова, охватывающих последние десять лет, и материалов, посвящённых глубоководным газовыделениям Чёрного моря. В этот период были проведены поисковые гидроакустические исследования, выявлен компонентный состав пузырькового газа, измерен изотопный состав углерода метана, а также молекулярно-биологическими методами определена структура микробного сообщества бактериальных матов, покрывающих площадки газовыделений, и выполнена оценка газовых потоков от отдельных сипов. В течение многолетнего мониторинга обнаружено и описано 14 отдельных газовыделяющих площадок в прибрежных районах Крыма, которые располагались от мыса Тарханкут на западе полуострова до бухты Двуякорная на юго-востоке. Превалирующая часть прибрежных сипов Крыма имела биогенную природу и сезонный характер газовыделений. К глубинному газу термокаталитического генезиса отнесены сипы в бухте Ласпи. Наблюдался значительный разброс величин изотопного состава углерода метана δ13C-CH4 пузырькового газа прибрежных мелководных районов (−94…−34 ‰), что указывает на разные условия его генерации и созревания в донных отложениях. Так же, как и глубоководным сипам, прибрежным струйным газовыделениям сопутствовали бактериальные маты разной структуры с различными доминирующими видами. Показано, что для формирования устойчивой бактериальной биомассы, основу которой составляли, как правило, сульфид- и сероокисляющие бактерии, необходим флюидный поток восстановленных растворённых газов, тогда как точечная разгрузка пузырькового газа не обеспечивает достаточных градиентов концентрации и может механически разрушать структуру образующегося сообщества. Различными методами сделаны оценки размерных спектров пузырьков и потоков от отдельных струй. Диапазон значений газового потока варьировал от 1,8 л·сут−1 (бухта Мартынова) до 40 л·сут−1 (бухта Ласпи). Проанализированы средообразующие эффекты, связанные с выделением пузырькового газа в прибрежных районах: влияние сипов на кислородный режим в донных осадках и в толще воды́ над точками газовыделений; вертикальное перемешивание вод за счёт газлифтового эффекта; флюидная разгрузка на площадках струйных газовыделений.
Цестоды рыб Антарктики и Субантарктики: история и перспективы исследования
Authors: Полякова Т. А. , Гордеев И. И.
Published: January 2021

Первые сведения о цестодах рыб Антарктики и Субантарктики появились в начале XX века: от неизвестной акулы была описана цестода Phyllobothrium dentatum. Пик активности изучения антарктических цестод пришёлся на 1990–2006 гг. В этот период опубликованы значимые работы, посвящённые описанию новых видов, изучению их жизненных циклов, гостальности цестод — паразитов рыб, их географическому распространению. Существенный вклад в изучение цестод хрящевых рыб внесла группа польских учёных во главе с А. Войцеховской (Рока). Проанализировано систематическое положение 21 вида цестод из 13 родов 8 семейств 6 отрядов. Фауна цестод изучена менее чем у 7 % от ихтиофауны данного региона, в то время как потенциальные окончательные и промежуточные хозяева остаются неисследованными. Наибольшее количество видов цестод (12) зарегистрировано у четырёх видов скатов семейства Rajidae. В кишечнике костистых рыб обнаружено восемь видов цестод, достигающих половой зрелости: Bothriocephalus antarcticus, B. kerguelensis, Bothriocephalus sp., Parabothriocephalus johnstoni, P. macruri, Clestobothrium crassiceps, Neobothriocephalus sp. и Eubothrium sp. В костистых рыбах зарегистрированы личинки пяти видов цестод (Onchobothrium antarcticum, Grillotia (Grillotia) erinaceus, Lacistorhynchus tenuis, Calyptrobothrium sp. и Hepatoxylon trichiuri), заканчивающих своё развитие в хрящевых рыбах. Из 12 видов цестод, обнаруженных у скатов, для пяти не установлено систематическое положение. Фауна цестод характеризуется высоким уровнем эндемизма: 67 % от всей фауны не встречается севернее Субантарктики. В наибольшей степени исследованиями охвачены прибрежные области в Атлантическом и Индийском секторах Антарктики. Разнообразие цестод хрящевых рыб, обитающих в Антарктике и Субантарктике, недооценено: к настоящему времени изучена всего треть видов этих рыб. Генетические исследования антарктических цестод только начали развиваться. Известны рибосомальные последовательности из области D1–D3 рДНК 28S лишь для двух видов — Onchobothrium antarcticum от вторых промежуточных (Notothenia rossii и Dissostichus mawsoni) и окончательного хозяев (Bathyraja eatonii), а также личинок цестоды Calyptrobothrium sp. от вторых промежуточных хозяев (D. mawsoni и Muraenolepis marmorata). В дальнейшем основные направления изучения фауны цестод следует развивать в сочетании с морфологическими, фаунистическими, генетическими и экологическими исследованиями.
Some peculiarities in vertical distribution of metazoan microzooplankton in the Black Sea in spring
Authors: Seregin S. A.
Published: January 2021

Based on material, received in the 84th and 93rd cruises of the RV “Professor Vodyanitsky”, vertical distribution of microplankton fraction of metazooplankton (MM) in the Black Sea in spring was analyzed. A total of 27 stations were examined both in the coastal zone and in the deep sea. The 10-L bottles of the CTD probes “Mark-III Neil Brown” and “Sea Bird 911” were used to collect 4–6 L of water from 4–11 horizons of the water column. The samples obtained were concentrated by the reverse filtration through the plankton net with the mesh size of 10 µm. Quantitative and systematic analysis of all samples was carried out totally in the Bogorov chamber using an MBS-9 stereo microscope. The main factors determining nature of the distribution are MM species composition, physical structure of the water column, and hydrodynamic processes affecting its stability/instability. Nauplii of Black Sea Copepoda and veligers of Bivalvia were the most numerous systematic groups in “spring” MM. Mollusc veligers determined abundance maxima in the lower layers of shallow water habitats, while copepods prevailed over large depths and determined total abundance peaks in the upper and middle water layers. Daily time series experiment showed that advective hydrodynamic processes can significantly affect MM vertical distribution, changing physical structure of the water column. For some species, in most cases, a correlation of their distribution with vertical profiles of temperature and salinity was revealed, which rarely manifested at total MM abundance level. A comparison of two spring seasons (2016 and 2017) showed the relationship between vertical distribution of MM abundance and temperature to be more pronounced in cases of low temperature. A change in the sign of correlation with temperature was detected during spring season for Oithona similis: an initially cold-loving species of Black Sea copepods. This revealed in a more superficial distribution of the maxima abundance of this species at lower seasonal temperatures, which could reflect a shift in temperature optimum for the species population and play the role of an adaptive reaction in conditions of seasonal changes in sea thermal characteristics.
KLASIFIKASI KEMATANGAN SEMANGKA BERDASARKAN EKSTRAKSI CIRI STATISTIK ORDER PERTAMA DENGAN EKUALISASI HISTOGRAM
Authors: Liantoni Febri , Nugroho Hendro
Published: January 2021

Semangka (Citrullus Lanatus Tunb) merupakan tanaman buah yang banyak disukai di Indonesia. Kematangan semangka bisa dibedakan berdasarkan tekstur kulit semangka. Adanya kemiripan tekstur kulit semangka mengakibatkan orang kesulitan dalam mengidentifikasi tingkat kematangan semangka yang matang dan belum matang. Berdasarkan permasalahan tersebut, maka penelitian ini dilakukan untuk proses klasifikasi berdasarkan tekstur kulit buah semangka.
Ekstraksi ciri statistik orde pertama digunakan sebagai metode untuk mengenali kematangan semangka dari segi tekstur kulit buah dalam proses klasifikasi. Parameter yang digunakan yaitu mean, varians, skewness dan kurtosis. Berdasarkan nilai ekstraksi ciri statistik tersebut, kemudian dijadikan acuan proses klasifikasi menggunakan metode k-nearest neighbor dan naïve bayes. Data dalam penelitian ini sejumlah 100 citra, dimana 70 untuk data training dan 30 untuk data testing. Dari hasil pengujian klasifikasi kematangan semangka menggunakan K-Nearest Neighbor diperoleh 26 data sesuai dengan tingkat akurasi 86.66%, sendangkan menggunakan Naïve Bayes diperoleh 27 data sesuai dengan tingkat akurasi 90%.

Kata-Kata Kunci: semangka, ciri statistik orde pertama, K-Nearest Neighbor, Naïve Bayes.
Physiological and Immunological Disturbance in Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients
Authors: Rija Firas Faris , Hussein Sura Zahim , Abdalla Mohammad Ahmad
Published: January 2021

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a systematic autoimmune disorder with chronic inﬂammation changes of unknown etiology. Various synovial inﬂammatory and proliferative alterations may contribute to the cartilaginous tissues and invasive bony tissues, leading to destructive joints and malformed bones. This disease is mostly due to infective microorganisms or genetic susceptibility causing immune system disturbances through triggering both T-cells and B-cells. Furthermore, different immune cells may secret cytokines, which are responsible for some RA pathogenesis activity. From ninety individuals, serum sample was collected; thirty of them were normal and sixty cases were patients with RA attended a privet medical clinic at Tikrit city from May 2019 to November 2019. Age, in both patients and control groups, ranged between (18-50) years, they had assay of Interleukin-1 (IL-1), Interleukin-6 (IL-6), Interleukin-10 (IL-10), Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, Leptin, Adiponectin, and C-reactive protein. The present study shows that (IL-1, Leptin, and CRP) levels were higher in Rheumatoid Arthritis patients than control, while (IL-6, IL-10, TNFα, and ADP) levels were lower; therefore, cytokines can play an essential role in RA pathogenesis. The current study may bring attention to adiponectin and leptin for their roles in the pathogenesis of RA. Special consideration was devoted to those proteins, which act on cells associated with RA, also for possible usage of these protein levels as potential biomarkers for the disease activity and therapeutic response.
Ammonia Removal in Free-Surface Constructed Wetlands Employing Synthetic Floating Islands
Authors: Allami Muwafaq H. M. , Whelan Mick J. , Boom Arnoud , Harper David M.
Published: January 2021

Free water surface constructed wetlands (FSCWs) can be used to complement conventional waste water treatment but removal efficiencies are often limited by a high ratio of water volume to biofilm surface area (i.e. high water depth). Floating treatment wetlands (FTWs) consist of floating matrices which can enhance the surface area available for the development of fixed microbial biofilms and provide a platform for plant growth (which can remove pollutants by uptake).  In this study the potential of FTWs for ammoniacal nitrogen (AN) removal was evaluated using experimental mesocosms operated under steady-state flow conditions with ten different treatments (two water depths, two levels of FTW mat coverage, two different plant densities and a control, all replicated three times). A simple model was constructed as a framework for understanding N dynamics in each treatment.  The model was calibrated using data obtained from one treatment and validated independently for the other treatments. Specifically, we hypothesized that the nitrification and volatilization rate constants are inversely proportional to water depth and proportional to mat surface area. This allowed the relative magnitude of different removal mechanisms to be estimated.  The model was able to predict steady-state concentrations of AN and total oxidized nitrogen (TON) across the different treatments well (values for correlation in the regression between measured and predicted steady-state concentrations and RMSE were 0.88 and 0.40 mg N L-1 for AN, and 0.63 and 1.75 mg N L-1 for TON).  The results confirm that nitrification is the principal AN removal process, with maximum removal occurring in shallow systems with high matrix cover (i.e. a high ratio of biofilm surface area to water volume). Plant uptake was a relatively minor loss process compared to nitrification. Integrated experimental and model-based approach was found to be a useful tool to improve mechanistic understanding AN dynamics in FSCWs and system performance.
Influence of Varying Temperature and Concentration on Magnetohydrodynamics Peristaltic Transport for Jeffrey Fluid with a Nanoparticles Phenomenon through a Rectangular Porous Duct
Authors: Salih Dheia Gaze
Published: January 2021

A mathematical model constructed to study the combined effects of the concentration and the thermodiffusion on the nanoparticles of a Jeffrey fluid with a magnetic field effect the process of containing waves in a three-dimensional rectangular porous medium canal. Using the HPM to solve the nonlinear and coupled partial differential equations. Numerical results were obtained for temperature distribution, nanoparticles concentration, velocity, pressure rise, pressure gradient, friction force and stream function. Through the graphs, it was found that the velocity of fluid rises with the increase of a mean rate of volume flow and a magnetic parameter, while the velocity goes down with the increasing a Darcy number and lateral walls. Also, the velocity behaves strangely under the influence of the Brownian motion parameter and local nanoparticle Grashof number effect.
Comparing Weibull Stress – Strength Reliability Bayesian Estimators for Singly Type II Censored Data under Different loss Functions
Authors: Mazaal Awatif Rezoky , Karam Nada Sabah , Karam Ghada Sabah
Published: January 2021

The stress(Y) – strength(X) model reliability Bayesian estimation which defines life of a component with strength X and stress Y (the component fails if and only if at any time the applied stress is greater than its strength) has been studied, then the reliability; R=P(Y<X), can be considered as a measure of the component performance. In this paper, a Bayesian analysis has been considered for R when the two variables X and Y are independent Weibull random variables with common parameter α in order to study the effect of each of the two different scale parameters β and λ; respectively, using three different [weighted, quadratic and entropy] loss functions under two different prior functions [Gamma and extension of Jeffery] and also an empirical Bayes estimator Using Gamma Prior, for singly type II censored sample. An empirical study has been used to make a comparison between the three estimators of the reliability for stress – strength Weibull model, by mean squared error MSE criteria, taking different sample sizes (small, moderate and large) for the two random variables in eight experiments of different values of their parameters. It has been found that the weighted loss function was the best for small sample size, and the entropy and Quadratic were the best for moderate and large sample sizes under the two prior distributions and for empirical Bayes estimation.
Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles as a System for Ciprofloxacin Drug Delivery; Kinetic of Adsorption and Releasing
Authors: Dleam Enas Abd , Kareem Sameer H.
Published: January 2021

Mesoporous silica (MPS) nanoparticle was prepared as carriers for drug delivery systems by sol–gel method from sodium silicate as inexpensive precursor of silica and Cocamidopropyl betaine (CABP) as template. The silica particles were characterized by SEM, TEM, AFM, XRD, and N2adsorption–desorption isotherms. The results show that the MPS particle in the nanorange (40-80 nm ) with average diameter equal to 62.15 nm has  rods particle morphology, specific surface area is 1096.122 m2/g, pore volume 0.900 cm3/g, with average pore diameter 2.902 nm, which can serve as efficient carriers for drugs. The adsorption kinetic of Ciprofloxacin (CIP) drug was studied and the data were analyzed and found to match well with pseudo-first order kinetic model. The CIP drug-loaded mesoporous silica (CIP-mSiO2) nanoparticles has capacity of about 16.3 mg drug/ mg mSiO2 were achieved, and capable of releasing 26% and 98.6% of their drug content after 90 min in water and PBS solution(pH,7.4) respectively. In-vitro controlled release studies of CIP in Simulated Body Fluid were carried out under stirring conditions. A study on release kinetics and mechanism using Koresmeyer-Pepps model, first order kinetic, and kopcha model shows that the Korsmeyer-Peppas and Kopcha models, both conform more closely to the release data.
Removal of Congo Red Dye From Aqueous Solution Using Eco-Friendly Adsorbent of Nanosilica
Authors: Ali Inaam H.
Published: January 2021

The development of a new, cheap, efficient, and ecofriendly adsorbents has become an important demand for the treatment of waste water, so nano silica is considered a good choice. A sample of nanosilica (NS) was prepared from sodium silicate as precursor and the nonionic surfactant Tween 20 as a template. The prepared sample was characterized using various characterization techniques such as FT-IR, AFM, SEM and EDX analysis. The spectrum of FTIR confirms the presence of silica in the sample, while SEM analysis of sample shows nanostructures with pore ranging (2-100nm).The adsorptive properties of this sample were studied by removing Congo red dye (CR) from aqueous solution. Batch experimental methods were carried out at room temperature (25⁰C) to study the different variables which affect the adsorption process like: NS amount, initial concentration of CR, and contact time. The results were 0.2 g of NS/50 ml of dye solution and 60 min contact time to reach equilibrium. The experimental results at equilibrium were analyzed using Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption isotherms and showed the best fitted with Freundlich model which reveal heterogeneity of the surface of NS adsorbent. Kinetics aspects were also investigated by evaluating parameters from pseudo- first and pseudo-second order reaction equations on adsorption rate which show good fitting with both kinetics equations, but pseudo-second order equation was the best to describe the kinetics parameters.
The adsorptive properties of this sample were studied by removing Congo red dye (CR) from aqueous solution. Batch Experimental methods were carried out at room temperature (25⁰C) to study the different variables which affect the adsorption process like: NS amount, initial concentration of CR, and contact time. The experimental results at equilibrium were analyzed using Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption isotherms and show best fitted with Freundlich model which reveal heterogeneity of the surface of NS adsorbent. Kinetics aspects was also investigated by evaluating parameters from pseudo- first and pseudo-second order reaction equations on adsorption rate which show good fitting with both kinetics equations, but pseudo-second order equation was the best to describe the kinetics parameters.
Experimental and Theoretical Study of Neomycin Sulfate as Corrosion Protection for Titanium in Acid Media
Authors: Jasim Rasha Abd , Kadhim Nafeesa J. , Farhan Ahlam M.
Published: January 2021

The experimental and theoretical methods were studied for inhibition of the corrosion titanium in HCl by using neomycin sulfate drug. The results of neomycin sulfate drug had good corrosion protection for titanium in hydrochloric acid and the inhibition efficiency (%IE) increasing with increasing concentration of drug because the neomycin sulfate drug had adsorption from acid solution on surface of titanium metal. The program of hyperchem-8.07 was used for theoretical study of the drug by molecular mechanics and semi-empirical calculations. Quantum chemical was studied drug absorption and electron transferred from the drug to the Titanium metal, also inhibition potentials of drug attachment with the (LUMO-HOMO) energy gap, dipole moment (μ) of the molecules and electrostatic potentials.
Effect of SnO2/In2O3 Atomic Ratio on the Structural and Optical Properties of ITO Thin Filmsof SnO2:In2O3 Thin Film Composite Ratio on Structural and Optical Properties
Authors: Abdul Raheem Zainab Hazim
Published: January 2021

In this work, the effect of atomic ratio on structural and optical properties of SnO2/In2O3 thin films prepared by pulsed laser deposition technique under vacuum and annealed at 573K in air has been studied.  Atomic ratios from 0 to 100% have been used. X-ray diffraction analysis has been utilized to study the effect of atomic ratios on the phase change using XRD analyzer and the crystalline size and the lattice strain using Williamson-Hall relationship. It has been found that the ratio of 50% has the lowest crystallite size, which corresponds to the highest strain in the lattice. The energy gap has increased as the atomic ratio of indium oxide increased.
Improved Image Security in Internet of Thing (IOT) Using Multiple Key AES
Authors: Salim Khadeeja Gebor , Al-alak Saif M. Kh. , Jawad Majid Jabbar
Published: January 2021

Image is an important digital information that used in many internet of things (IoT) applications such as transport, healthcare, agriculture, military, vehicles and wildlife. etc. Also, any image has very important characteristic such as large size, strong correlation and huge redundancy, therefore, encrypting it by using single key Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) through IoT communication technologies makes it vulnerable to many threats, thus, the pixels that have the same values will be encrypted to another pixels that have same values when they use the same key. The contribution of this work is to increase the security of transferred image. This paper proposed multiple key AES algorithm (MECCAES) to improve the security of the transmitted image through IoT. This approach is evaluated via applying it on RGB bmp images and analyzing the results using standard metrics such as entropy, histogram, correlation, Peak Signal-to-Noise Ratio (PSNR) and Mean Square Error (MES) metrics. Also, the time for encryption and decryption for the proposed MECCAES is the same time consumed by original single key AES is 12 second(the used image size is 12.1MB therefore time is long). The performance experiments show that this scheme achieves confidentiality also it encourages to use effectively in a wide IoTs fields to secure transmitted image.
Reliability and Failure Probability Functions of the m-Consecutive-k-out-of-n: F Linear and Circular Systems
Authors: Nashwan Imad I. H.
Published: January 2021

The m-consecutive-k-out-of-n: F linear and circular system consists of n sequentially connected components; the components are ordered on a line or a circle; it fails if there are at least m non-overlapping runs of consecutive-k failed components. This paper proposes the reliability and failure probability functions for both linearly and circularly m-consecutive-k-out-of-n: F systems. More precisely, the failure states of the system components are separated into two collections (the working and the failure collections); where each one is defined as a collection of finite mutual disjoint classes of the system states. Illustrative example is provided.
The acute effects of a dynamic warm-up including hip mobility exercises on sprint, agility and vertical jump performance
Authors: Cetin Onat , Isik Ozkan
Published: January 2021

The purpose of this study was to examine the acute effects of a dynamic warm-up including hip mobility exercises on sprint, agility and vertical jump performance. Twenty well trained male collegiate athletes (age = 20 ± 1.1 years; height = 178.3 ± 8.8 m; body weight = 72 ± 5.6 kg) volunteered for the study. All subjects completed two individual testing sessions on two non-consecutive days. On the first trial day, after 15 minutes of a simple dynamic warm-up, 30-m sprint test, Illinois agility test and countermovement jump test were performed at the control condition. On the second trial day addition to dynamic warm-up, subjects performed 6 hip mobility (6 min) exercises before tests. A paired samples t-test revealed a significant difference (p = 0.013) on sprint performance when comparing simple dynamic warm-up with a dynamic warm-up including hip mobility exercises. But no significant difference was found for agility (p = 0.071) and jump performances (p = 0.823). It can, therefore, be concluded that has a significant effect on sprinting performance whereas it has no significant effect on agility and vertical jump performance.