bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Stimulating positive reviews by combining financial and compassionate incentives
Authors: Wu Yuanyuan , Chen Liuyan , Ngai Eric W.T. , Wu Pengkun
Published: May 2024

Purpose

The objective of this study is to investigate the interaction effect between incentive type (financial and compassionate incentives) and the ethicality of merchant strategy on consumer willingness to post positive reviews, while also examining potential variations in consumer responses based on consumption experience, shopping frequency and social class.

Design/methodology/approach

Building upon construal level theory, we hypothesized the moderating influence of the ethicality of merchant strategy and examined the three-way interaction among consumers’ demographic characteristics (i.e. consumption experience, shopping frequency and social class), incentive type and the ethicality of merchant strategy. To empirically test our hypotheses, we conducted four experiments and employed ANOVA for data analysis.

Findings

The ethicality of merchant strategies moderates the association between incentive type and consumer willingness to post positive reviews, with compassionate incentives eliciting more pronounced moral judgments toward merchant strategies compared to financial incentives. The moderating effect of the ethicality of merchant strategy on the relationship between incentive type and consumer willingness to post positive reviews is particularly strong among consumers who have favorable consumption experiences, engage in frequent shopping and belong to lower social classes.

Originality/value

This study contributes to the existing literature on online reviews by examining the impact of compassionate incentives on consumer review behaviors, analyzing the ethicality of merchant strategies within the realm of online reviews and investigating variations in consumer responses to merchant strategies regarding consumption experience, shopping frequency and social class.
Real-time collision detection based on external torque mutation suppression and time series analysis
Authors: Zhang Tianyi , Luo Haowu , Liu Ning , Min Feiyan , Liang Zhixin , Wang Gao
Published: May 2024

Purpose

As the demand for human–robot collaboration in manufacturing applications grows, the necessity for collision detection functions in robots becomes increasingly paramount for safety. Hence, this paper aims to improve the existing method to achieve efficient, accurate and sensitive robot collision detection.

Design/methodology/approach

The external torque is estimated by momentum observers based on the robot dynamics model. Because the state of the joints is more accessible to distinguish under the action of the suppression operator proposed in this paper, the mutated external torque caused by joint reversal can be accurately attenuated. Finally, time series analysis (TSA) methods can continuously generate dynamic thresholds based on external torques.

Findings

Compared with the collision detection method based only on TSA, the invalid time of the proposed method is less during joint reversal. Although the soft-collision detection accuracy of this method is lower than that of the symmetric threshold method, it is superior in terms of detection delay and has a higher hard-collision detection accuracy.

Originality/value

Owing to the mutated external torque caused by joint reversal, which seriously affects the stability of time series models, the collision detection method based only on TSA cannot detect continuously. The consequences are disastrous if the robot collides with people or the environment during joint reversal. After multiple experimental verifications, the proposed method still exhibits detection capabilities during joint reversal and can implement real-time collision detection. Therefore, it is suitable for various engineering applications.
Do board characteristics influence sustainability-related disclosures? Evidence from an emerging market
Authors: Ho Wai Kee , Gultom Nampuna Dolok , K. Suppiah Susela Devi , Singh Jaspal , Kanagasabapathy Shenba , Hashim Hafiza Aishah
Published: May 2024

Purpose

This study aims to examine the association between board characteristics (namely, diligence, independence, gender diversity, size and expertise) and sustainability-related disclosures (SRD) in Malaysia.

Design/methodology/approach

A robust SRD index of 409 items is used to derive SRD scores for 56 Malaysian listed companies from 2018 to 2020, yielding 168 observations. Pooled ordinary least squares is applied to test the research hypotheses and model.

Findings

The authors find that board members in audit committees and female board members show a significant relationship with SRD, casting doubt on the widely held belief that other board characteristics (such as size, diligence, independence and expertise) independently impact SRD. However, the authors find that market influence (firm value) and firm size are associated with SRD.

Practical implications

SRD is at its nascent stage, and companies are cherry-picking on what to report, as evidenced in the SRD scores. Regulators and policymakers must recognize the complex interplay between various factors impacting SRD for the timely issuance of comprehensive rules for firms to comply. The regulators’ drive for more female board representation can be a boost to enhance the sustainability agenda for Malaysian listed companies. The SRD scoring template can be used on post-2020 data to investigate the sustainability maturity of Malaysian listed companies.

Originality/value

The authors evidence that SRD practice is in the early stages of maturity using the comprehensive SRD scoring template. Although the findings contradict prior studies, the authors believe this is driven by the robust SRD measure based on the latest Global Reporting Initiative and Bursa rules.
Study on the impact of ultrasonic vibration-assisted grinding of glass-ceramics on surface/subsurface damage mechanism
Authors: Zhang Wenchao , Cui Enming , Wang Cheng , Zhang Baoquan , Jin Jiwei , Zhang Pengfei , Wu Wending , Wang Mingwei
Published: May 2024

Purpose

An investigation was conducted into the impact of various process parameters on the surface and subsurface quality of glass-ceramic materials, as well as the mechanism of material removal and crack formation, through the use of ultrasonic-assisted grinding.

Design/methodology/approach

A mathematical model of crack propagation in ultrasonic-assisted grinding was established, and the mechanism of crack formation was described through the model. A series of simulations and experiments were conducted to investigate the impact of process parameters on crack depth, surface roughness, and surface topography during ultrasonic-assisted surface and axial grinding. Additionally, the mechanism of crack formation was explored.

Findings

During ultrasonic-assisted grinding, the average grinding forces are between 0.4–1.0 N, which is much smaller than that of ordinary grinding (1.0–3.5 N). In surface grinding, the maximum surface stresses between the workpiece and the tool gradually decrease with the tool speed. The surface stresses of the workpiece increase with the grinding depth, and the depth of subsurface cracks increases with the grinding depth. With the increase of the axial grinding speed, the subsurface damage depth increases. The roughness increases from 0.780um/1.433um.

Originality/value

A mathematical model of crack propagation in ultrasonic-assisted grinding was established, and the mechanism of crack formation was described through the model. The deformation involved in the grinding process is large, and the FEM-SPH modeling method is used to solve the problem that the results of the traditional finite element method are not convergent and the calculation efficiency is low.
Young travelers: culture’s lovers and crowdfunding supporters
Authors: Giachino Chiara , Battisti Enrico , Rovera Cristina , Stylianou Ioanna
Published: May 2024

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the importance of culture as a motivator for young generations to travel and their willingness of using crowdfunding to sustain culture.

Design/methodology/approach

Using a mixed-methods sequential exploratory design and through a quantile regression analysis for count data, a sample of 1,721 Italian young people is examined.

Findings

The analysis reveals that culture is a significant factor for a trip’s motivation among young generations and crowdfunding represents a key alternative instrument for financing culture.

Originality/value

The research fills the gap in extant literature by clarifying the role of culture in the choice of a touristic destination by young generations. This is a significant achievement since understanding the motivations is crucial to attract tourists at a specific destination and it represents a relevant insight for policy makers.
Collaborative and life cycle-based project delivery for environmentally sustainable building construction: views of Finnish project professionals and building operation and maintenance experts
Authors: Moradi Sina , Hirvonen Janne , Sormunen Piia
Published: May 2024

Purpose

The energy performance gap (EPG) in building construction has been one of the major barriers to the realization of environmental and economic sustainability in the built environment. Although there have been a few studies addressing this issue, studying this topic with a special focus on the project delivery process has been almost overlooked. Hence, this study aims to address the EPG in building construction through the lens of collaborative and life cycle-based project delivery.

Design/methodology/approach

In order to realize the objective of this study, the development of a theoretical framework based on the literature review was followed by a qualitative study in which 21 semi-structured interviews were conducted with Finnish project professionals representing clients, design/planning experts, constructors and building operation/maintenance experts to explore their views on the topic under study.

Findings

The findings reveal the project delivery-related causes of EPG in building construction. Moreover, the obtained results present a collaborative and life cycle-based delivery model that integrates project and product (i.e. building) life cycles, and it is compatible with all types of contractual frameworks in building construction projects.

Research limitations/implications

Although the findings of this study significantly contribute to theory and practice in the field of collaborative and sustainable construction project delivery, it is acknowledged that these findings are based on Finnish professionals’ input, and expanding this research to other regions is a potential area for further studies. Moreover, the developed model, although validated in Finland, needs to be tested in a broader context as well to gain wider generalizability.

Originality/value

The obtained results reveal the significance and impact of collaborative and life cycle-based project development and delivery on the realization of environmentally sustainable building construction.
Ionic calcium variation in normal, acidic, alkaline and unstable non‐acidic bovine milks and its relationship with alcohol stability
Authors: da Luz Kunz Shaeen Inaê , do Nascimento Aline Luiza , da Silva Cristina Bachmann , dos Santos Ana Luiza Freitas , Breitenbach Patrik , Ferreira Rogério , Schogor Ana Luiza Bachmann
Published: May 2024

Investigating the impact of ionic calcium (iCa) on alcohol stability and its correlation with suggested milk classification, a study analysed 379 bulk milk samples collected over 4 months. Results unveiled a significant inverse relationship between iCa concentration and alcohol test stability. Alkaline or unstable non‐acidic milk exhibited no disparity in iCa content compared to normal or acidic milks. Despite fluctuations in iCa levels, seasonal variations, not milk classification, better accounted for the changes in stable milk detection in the alcohol test at the 76% setpoint. The seasonal fluctuation in iCa within bulk tank‐collected milk carries implications for standardising industrial processes.
LncRNA SNHG14 silencing attenuates the progression of diabetic nephropathy via the miR‐30e‐5p/SOX4 axis
Authors: Wang YunXia , Yang JiaJia , Wu Chun , Guo Yuqin , Ding Yuan , Zou Xiujuan
Published: May 2024

Background

Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a diabetic complication. LncRNAs are reported to participate in the pathophysiology of DN. Here, the function and mechanism of lncRNA small nucleolar RNA host gene 14 (SNHG14) in DN were explored.

Methods

Streptozotocin (STZ)‐induced DN mouse models and high glucose (HG)‐treated human mesangial cells (MCs) were used to detect SNHG14 expression. SNHG14 silencing plasmids were applied to examine the function of SNHG14 on proliferation and fibrosis in HG‐treated MCs. Potential targets of SNHG14 were predicted using bioinformatics tools and verified by luciferase reporter, RNA pulldown, and northern blotting assays. The functional role of SNHG14 in DN in vivo was detected by injection with adenoviral vector carrying sh‐SNHG14 into DN mice. Serum creatinine, blood urea nitrogen, blood glucose, 24‐h proteinuria, relative kidney weight, and renal pathological changes were examined in DN mice.

Results

SNHG14 expression was elevated in the kidneys of DN mice and HG‐treated MCs. SNHG14 silencing inhibited proliferation and fibrosis of HG‐stimulated MCs. SNHG14 bound to miR‐30e‐5p to upregulate SOX4 expression. In rescue assays, SOX4 elevation diminished the effects of SNHG14 silencing in HG‐treated MCs, and SOX4 silencing reversed the effects of SNHG14 overexpression. In in vivo studies, SNHG14 downregulation significantly ameliorated renal injuries and renal interstitial fibrosis in DN mice.

Conclusions

SNHG14 silencing attenuates kidney injury in DN mice and reduces proliferation and fibrotic phenotype of HG‐stimulated MCs via the miR‐30e‐5p/SOX4 axis.

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The path of economics research production: Insights into the seesaw between theory and empirics
Authors: Faria João R. , Goel Rajeev K. , Manage Neela D.
Published: May 2024

This paper provides insights into the apparent seesaw between the generation of theoretical and empirical economics research over time. A dynamic model considers the incentives of researchers to focus on empirical versus theoretical papers. It yields the main characteristics of the path‐changing of economics research, from theoretical‐intensive to empirical‐focused. The model has two equilibria, one with a higher proportion of theoretical papers and another with a higher proportion of empirical papers. Curiously, the equilibrium with greater theoretical papers is stable, while the one with more empirical papers is a saddle point. This suggests that the current trend of increasing empirical research is unlikely to last.
Negative associations between step‐up height and waist circumference in 8‐year‐old children and their parents
Authors: Hellénius Mai‐Lis , Andermo Susanne , Nordenfelt Anja , Lidin Matthias , Nyberg Lillemor , Nyberg Gisela
Published: May 2024

Aim

To study cross‐sectional relationships between step‐up height and waist circumference (WC), a potential proxy for sarcopenic obesity, in Swedish children and parents.

Methods

Participants were recruited from Swedish schools in disadvantaged areas in 2017. Height, body weight, WC and maximal step‐up height were measured in 67 eight‐year‐old children and parents: 58 mothers, with a mean age of 38.5 and 32 fathers, with a mean age of 41.3. Sedentary time and physical activity were registered by an accelerometer. Associations between maximal step‐up height and WC were analysed using Pearson's correlation and adjusted linear regression.

Results

Abdominal obesity, WC ≥ 66 centimetres (cm) in children, ≥88 cm in women and ≥102 cm in men, was observed in 13% and 35% of girls and boys, and in 53% and 34% among mothers and fathers, respectively. Negative associations between maximal step‐up height and WC were found for children (r = −0.37, p = 0.002) and adults (mothers r = −0.58, p < 0.001, fathers r = −0.48, p = 0.006). The associations remained after adjustments for height, body mass index (BMI) and physical activity in adults. Reduced muscle strength clustered within families (r = 0.54, p < 0.001).

Conclusion

Associations between reduced muscle strength and abdominal obesity were observed in children and parents. Sarcopenic obesity may need more attention in children. Our findings support family interventions.
Family Stress Processes Underlying COVID‐19–Related Economic Insecurity for Mothers and Fathers and Children's Internalizing Behaviour Problems
Authors: Lee Joyce Y. , Lee Shawna J. , Oh Sehun , Xu Amy , Radney Angelise , Rodriguez Christina M.
Published: May 2024

COVID‐19 and its economic fallout have resulted in unprecedented financial insecurity and material hardship for many American families, with a disproportionately negative impact on children and families from socioeconomically disadvantaged contexts. The current study applied the family stress model to examine the family processes underlying pandemic‐related economic insecurity and children's internalizing behaviours. Online survey data from an economically diverse sample of mothers and fathers, who experienced at least one type of pandemic‐related economic insecurity in the United States (N = 259), were collected across two longitudinal time points in the early weeks of COVID‐19: (1) 14 April and (2) 30 April of 2020. Parental depressive symptoms, negative partner relationship quality and harsh parenting were tested as mediators. Results from the path model showed that pandemic‐related economic insecurity was associated with higher levels of parental depressive symptoms, which were then associated with higher levels of negative partner relationship quality. Negative partner relationship quality was subsequently associated with more harsh parenting, which was then associated with increased child internalizing behaviours. Indirect effects were found for all hypothesized mediators. The family stress model can be applied and extended to the early COVID‐19 period. Child and family social work implications include targeting parents' mental health, relationship quality and parenting behaviours, as well as directly addressing financial and material hardship, to mitigate the adverse effects of pandemic‐related economic insecurity on children's mental health.
Transcutaneous vagus nerve stimulation modulates depression‐like phenotype induced by high‐fat diet via P2X7R/NLRP3/IL‐1β in the prefrontal cortex
Authors: Li Shaoyuan , Zhang Yuzhengheng , Wang Yu , Zhang Zixuan , Xin Chen , Wang Yifei , Rong Peijing
Published: May 2024

Background

Depression is a common psychiatric disorder in diabetic patients. Depressive mood associated with obesity/metabolic disorders is related to the inflammatory response caused by long‐term consumption of high‐fat diets, but its molecular mechanism is unclear. In this study, we investigated whether the antidepressant effect of transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation (taVNS) in high‐fat diet rats works through the P2X7R/NLRP3/IL‐1β pathway.

Methods

We first used 16S rRNA gene sequencing analysis and LC–MS metabolomics assays in Zucker diabetic fatty (ZDF) rats with long‐term high‐fat diet (Purina #5008) induced significant depression‐like behaviors. Next, the forced swimming test (FST) and open field test (OFT) were measured to evaluate the antidepressive effect of taVNS. Immunofluorescence and western blotting (WB) were used to measure the microglia state and the expression of P2X7R, NLRP3, and IL‐1β in PFC.

Results

Purina#5008 diet induced significant depression‐like behaviors in ZDF rats and was closely related to purine and inflammatory metabolites. Consecutive taVNS increased plasma insulin concentration, reduced glycated hemoglobin and glucagon content in ZDF rats, significantly improved the depressive‐like phenotype in ZDF rats through reducing the microglia activity, and increased the expression of P2X7R, NLRP3, and IL‐1β in the prefrontal cortex (PFC).

Conclusion

The P2X7R/NLRP3/IL‐1β signaling pathway may play an important role in the antidepressant‐like behavior of taVNS, which provides a promising mechanism for taVNS clinical treatment of diabetes combined with depression.
Establishing a protected area network in Xinlong with other effective area‐based conservation measures
Authors: Chen Xing , Tian Tengteng , Pan Han , Jin Yuyi , Zhang Xiaodian , Yang Biao , Zhang Li
Published: May 2024

Protected areas (PAs) are pivotal to biodiversity conservation, yet their efficacy is compromised by insufficient funding and management. So‐called other effective area‐based conservation measures (OECMs) present a paradigm shift and address PA limitations. Such measures can expand conservation areas, enhance connectivity, and improve the existing system. To assess the conservation status of biodiversity in Tibetan cultural areas in China, we investigated the spatial distribution of wildlife vulnerable to human disturbance (large‐ and medium‐sized mammals and terrestrial birds) in Xinlong, a traditional Tibetan cultural area. In particular, we compared a PA (Xionglongxi Nature Reserve) and OECMs targeting species conservation. We also investigated the relationship of wildlife with human temporal and spatial activities. The OECMs complemented areas not covered by PA, especially in rich understory biodiversity regions. More species in OECMs tolerated human presence than species in the PA. Existing biodiversity reserves failed to cover areas of high conservation value in Tibet and offered limited protection capacity. Expanding PAs and identifying OECMs improved Xinlong's system by covering most biodiversity hotspots. Building on the tradition of wildlife conservation in Tibet, harnessing OECMs may be an effective means of augmenting biodiversity conservation capacity. We recommend further evaluation of OECMs effectiveness and coverage in Tibetan area as a way to enhance the current PA system.
SafeHeal Colovac Colorectal Anastomosis Protection Device evaluation (SAFE‐2) pivotal study: an international randomized controlled study to evaluate the safety and effectiveness of the Colovac Colorectal Anastomosis Protection Device
Authors: Hain Elisabeth , Lefèvre Jérémie H. , Ricardo Alison , Lee Sang , Zaghiyan Karen , McLemore Elisabeth , Sherwinter Danny , Rhee Rebecca , Wilson Matthew , Martz Joseph , Maykel Justin , Marks John , Marcet Jorge , Rouanet Philippe , Maggiori Leon , Komen Niels , De Hous Nicolas , Lakkis Zaher , Tuech Jean‐Jacques , Attiyeh Fadi , Cotte Eddy , Sylla Patricia
Published: May 2024

Aim

Although proximal faecal diversion is standard of care to protect patients with high‐risk colorectal anastomoses against septic complications of anastomotic leakage, it is associated with significant morbidity. The Colovac device (CD) is an intraluminal bypass device intended to avoid stoma creation in patients undergoing low anterior resection. A preliminary study (SAFE‐1) completed in three European centres demonstrated 100% protection of colorectal anastomoses in 15 patients, as evidenced by the absence of faeces below the CD. This phase III trial (SAFE‐2) aims to evaluate the safety and effectiveness of the CD in a larger cohort of patients undergoing curative rectal cancer resection.

Methods

SAFE‐2 is a pivotal, multicentre, prospective, open‐label, randomized, controlled trial. Patients will be randomized in a 1:1 ratio to either the CD arm or the diverting loop ileostomy arm, with a recruitment target of 342 patients. The co‐primary endpoints are the occurrence of major postoperative complications within 12 months of index surgery and the effectiveness of the CD in reducing stoma creation rates. Data regarding quality of life and patient's acceptance and tolerance of the device will be collected.

Discussion

SAFE‐2 is a multicentre randomized, control trial assessing the efficacy and the safety of the CD in protecting low colorectal anastomoses created during oncological resection relative to standard diverting loop ileostomy.

Trial registration

NCT05010850.
Machine learning framework to predict pharmacokinetic profile of small molecule drugs based on chemical structure
Authors: Pillai Nikhil , Abos Alexandra , Teutonico Donato , Mavroudis Panteleimon D.
Published: May 2024

Accurate prediction of a new compound's pharmacokinetic (PK) profile is pivotal for the success of drug discovery programs. An initial assessment of PK in preclinical species and humans is typically performed through allometric scaling and mathematical modeling. These methods use parameters estimated from in vitro or in vivo experiments, which although helpful for an initial estimation, require extensive animal experiments. Furthermore, mathematical models are limited by the mechanistic underpinning of the drugs' absorption, distribution, metabolism, and elimination (ADME) which are largely unknown in the early stages of drug discovery. In this work, we propose a novel methodology in which concentration versus time profile of small molecules in rats is directly predicted by machine learning (ML) using structure‐driven molecular properties as input and thus mitigating the need for animal experimentation. The proposed framework initially predicts ADME properties based on molecular structure and then uses them as input to a ML model to predict the PK profile. For the compounds tested, our results demonstrate that PK profiles can be adequately predicted using the proposed algorithm, especially for compounds with Tanimoto score greater than 0.5, the average mean absolute percentage error between predicted PK profile and observed PK profile data was found to be less than 150%. The suggested framework aims to facilitate PK predictions and thus support molecular screening and design earlier in the drug discovery process.
The ConSoil project: An integrated framework for monitoring plant protection product residues in agricultural soil
Authors: Renaud Mathieu , Campiche Sophie , Dell'Ambrogio Gilda , Marti‐Roura Mireia , Junghans Marion , Ferrari Benoit J. D.
Published: May 2024

Plant Protection Products (PPPs) are widely used to maintain high productivity and protect crops, but can have unintended toxic effects on beneficial non‐target soil organisms. To avoid unacceptable adverse effects of PPPs on soil organisms, a prospective risk assessment is carried out, which focuses on individual substances and their effects on a few individual species or groups. However, the reality of agricultural soils consists of complex networks of organisms exposed to mixtures of several PPP active substances. It is therefore essential to monitor PPP residues in soils. This paper describes the ConSoil project and its proposed framework for monitoring PPP residues in Swiss Agricultural soils which includes and integrates (1) risk‐based reference values for PPP residues in soil and (2) indicators of their effects on long‐term soil fertility. For risk‐based reference values, a proposal has been developed to derive Soil Guideline Values (SGVs) for PPP residues and a mixture risk assessment concept is being developed. Regarding indicators, a toolbox of ecological and ecotoxicological indicators will be proposed to reflect the protection goal of long‐term soil fertility in agricultural soils. For this objective, standardised and/or well‐established bioindicator methods will be selected for the key soil organisms that support soil fertility. To integrate SGVs and the biomonitoring toolbox, an adapted TRIAD approach is proposed, where generic SGVs are used as a screening tool to identify monitoring sites potentially at risk and to trigger more detailed monitoring. Detailed monitoring will refine the SGVs based on site‐specific characteristics and implement the bioindicator toolbox to measure the effects of PPP residues and their risk to long‐term soil fertility. As a novel integrated framework, it is essential to use the data generated in detailed assessments to calibrate and refine the SGVs and bioindicator tools and improve the monitoring over time.
Dermatologic manifestations of hereditary hemochromatosis: A systematic review
Authors: Akbarialiabad Hossein , Jamshidi Parnian , Callen Jeffrey P. , Murrell Dédée F.
Published: May 2024

Hereditary hemochromatosis (HH) is a genetic disorder leading to excessive iron absorption, impacting multiple organs, notably the skin, nails and mucosae. The objective of this study is to elucidate the dermatologic manifestations, associated symptoms, pathophysiology and management recommendations of HH. We searched five primary databases (PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Scopus and Web of Science) up to April 2023. Non‐English articles were included to minimize language bias. The studies were evaluated using Oxford Centre for Evidence‐based Medicine standards, with adherence to PRISMA guidelines. Inaccessible articles were directly sourced from authors. Out of the initial 1582 publications from 1904 to 2023, 22 studies (19 in English, 2 in French and 1 in German) were selected. Most reports were from the USA, UK and France and were predominantly case reports, covering 148 patients with skin symptoms related to hereditary hemochromatosis. We collected data on the cutaneous findings and, when available, their histopathological features. The current study highlights the scope, variety and traits of dermatologic symptoms in hereditary hemochromatosis, pinpointing research gaps and areas for future exploration. Our review accentuates the diverse dermatological manifestations of hereditary hemochromatosis, notably hyperpigmentation, hypertrichosis and resistant pruritus, often linked to excessive iron deposition and subsequent impairment of skin cell function. We also found controversial evidence indicating that skin cancers seem to be associated with hereditary hemochromatosis. Porphyria cutanea tarda and hereditary hemochromatosis were frequently reported together. Given hereditary hemochromatosis's genetic nature, early identification in one individual can substantially guide familial care and preemptive interventions. Clinicians should prioritize hereditary hemochromatosis as a differential when patients present with specific dermatological symptoms, especially in sun‐exposed regions. A rigorous assessment ensures accurate diagnosis, facilitating optimal management for both the patient and their family.
The relations among prosocial behavior, hedonic, and eudaimonic well‐being in everyday life
Authors: Gregori Fulvio , López‐Pérez Belén , Manfredi Lucia , Eisenberg Nancy , Lundie David , Lee Shannon , Gerbino Maria , Pastorelli Concetta , Zuffianò Antonio
Published: May 2024

Introduction

Existing research highlights the significance of prosocial behavior (voluntary, intentional behavior that results in benefits for another) to people's well‐being. Yet, the extent to which this expected positive relation operates at the within‐person level (e.g., is more prosocial behavior than usual related to a higher than usual level of well‐being?) while taking into account stable interindividual differences, remains a research question that deserves further investigation. In this study, we aimed to explore the relations between prosocial behavior and hedonic (HWB; subjective assessment of life satisfaction and happiness) and eudaimonic (EWB; actualization of human potential in alignment with personal goals, including concepts like meaning in life and closeness to others) well‐being in daily life.

Method

Using ecological momentary assessment for 4 weeks, data were collected from two British samples, comprising 82 adolescents and 166 adults.

Results

Dynamic Structural Equation Modeling revealed a positive relations between prosocial behavior and HWB/EWB at both between and within‐person levels across the samples.

Conclusion

In summary, these findings further support the positive link between prosocial behavior and well‐being in everyday life. Notably, this association was consistent across different age groups (adolescent and adults) at both between and within‐person levels.
Embracing the hidden potential: The contribution of majority world research to developmental science
Authors: Baiden Philip , Zheng Yao , Nguyen Amanda J. , Espinosa‐Hernandez Graciela , Magis‐Weinberg Lucía , Titzmann Peter F.
Published: May 2024

Research on adolescence from the Majority World possesses major hidden potential in contributing to global adolescent research and developmental science more broadly. In this commentary, the authors (1) describe the background and the process through which this special issue came into fruition, (2) introduce the emic approaches to study the influences of macro‐contextual variations on developmental science and provide several pertinent examples on the contributions of Majority World research, (3) elaborate on challenges and barriers that Majority World scholars often face in conducting and disseminating their research, and (4) a few actionable steps and recommendations in promoting the representation and inclusion of Majority World research into global developmental science. Only when our field fully integrates findings from all regions of the world will we be able to develop a fundamental scientific representation and understanding of what it means to be an adolescent, how adolescents develop over time, and what tasks or phenomena in adolescent development are truly universal or specific to particular groups, regions, or areas.
The courage to advocate: How two professions approach public advocacy work
Authors: Watling Christopher , Sandomierski David , Poinar Sophie , Shaw Jennifer , LaDonna Kori
Published: May 2024

Background

While health advocacy is an established physician role, most of the educational attention to advocacy has been at the individual patient level. Public advocacy—efforts to effect change at the level of communities, populations or society—remains a poorly defined concept whose educational foundation is underdeveloped. To enrich our understanding of public advocacy, we explored how professionals in two disciplines—medicine and law—have approached its tasks and experienced its challenges.

Methods

Using constructivist grounded theory, we interviewed 18 professionals (nine physicians, eight lawyers and one qualified in both disciplines) who engage in public advocacy. We used constant comparison throughout an iterative process of data collection and analysis to develop an understanding of what it means to be a professional in the public domain.

Results

Public advocacy work occurs at the intersection of personal and professional identities. Lawyers perceived public advocacy as an embedded element of their professional identity, while physicians more often viewed it as outside their core professional scope. Nonetheless, professional identity influenced how both groups conducted their work. Physicians were more likely to draw on professional attitudes (e.g. their orientation towards evidence and their trusted social position), while lawyers were more likely to draw on professional skills (e.g. building an argument and litigating test cases). The work requires courage and often demands that individuals tolerate personal and professional risk.

Conclusion

While medicine has enshrined advocacy in its competency frameworks, it is the legal profession whose practitioners more fully embrace advocacy as intrinsic to professional identity, suggesting that roles are difficult to engineer or impose. Collaboration across public‐facing professions like medicine and law creates opportunities to reimagine public advocacy, to identify the skills required to do it well and to refresh educational strategies.
Elucidating photocycle in large Stokes shift red fluorescent proteins: Focus on mKeima
Authors: Bhutani Garima , Verma Pratima , Paul Sasthi , Dhamija Shaina , Chattopadhyay Kausik , De Arijit K.
Published: May 2024

Large Stokes shift red fluorescent proteins (LSS‐RFPs) are genetically encoded and exhibit a significant difference of a few hundreds of nanometers between their excitation and emission peak maxima (i.e., the Stokes shift). These LSS‐RFPs (absorbing blue light and emitting red light) feature a unique photocycle responsible for their significant Stokes shift. The photocycle associated with this LSS characteristic in certain RFPs is quite perplexing, hinting at the complex nature of excited‐state photophysics. This article provides a brief review on the fundamental mechanisms governing the photocycle of various LSS‐RFPs, followed by a discussion on experimental results on mKeima emphasizing its relaxation pathways which garnered attention due to its >200 nm Stokes shift. Corroborating steady‐state spectroscopy with computational studies, four different forms of chromophore of mKeima contributing to the cis‐trans conformers of the neutral and anionic forms were identified in a recent study. Furthering these findings, in this account a detailed discussion on the photocycle of mKeima, which encompasses sequential excited‐state isomerization, proton transfer, and subsequent structural reorganization involving three isomers, leading to an intriguing temperature and pH‐dependent dual fluorescence, is explored using broadband femtosecond transient absorption spectroscopy.
Relational work in an alternative food network: The fundamental role of shared meaning for organising markets differently
Authors: Bååth Jonas
Published: May 2024

This article studies the role of shared meaning for organising Alternative Food Networks (AFNs). Extant research shows that organisational elements, such as rules, and hybridisation of conventional and alternative modes of food provisioning are important for AFN organisation. Yet, they might both enable and hinder the aims of AFNs. Complementing this body of research, the article investigates how AFN participants work out the appropriate kind of organisation for realising ‘a promise of difference’. Introducing Zelizer's ‘relational work’, the article investigates how AFN participants foster a shared meaning of participating and thereby identify what practices are appropriate for its organisation. The analysis draws on extensive ethnographic materials from Swedish REKO‐rings (a direct marketing arrangement for local foods). The findings show how the REKO‐ring participants’ relational work negotiates and establishes shared meaning; what practices are appropriate and inappropriate for organising decent food provisioning. The study contributes to extant research by showing the fundamental role of shared (and discordant) meaning for the organisation of market‐based alternatives to the current food system.
What Determines the Number of Social Media Followers of Professional Cyclists: A Statistical Analysis
Authors: Belien Jeroen , De Clercq Kevin , Meulders Michel
Published: May 2024

This paper examines which factors influence the change in the number of followers of professional cyclists on social media using a fixed-effects model on 33 days of panel data regarding the performance, activity, and content of Twitter messages of 795 cyclists. The analysis shows that a better race performance leads to more new followers. Posting social tweets has no effect, but posting social retweets does increase the number of new followers for riders with a low or medium number of followers. For parasocial tweets, the reverse is true: Parasocial retweets have no effect, while parasocial noninteractive tweets have a positive significant effect for riders with a low or high number of followers. Finally, for riders with a high number of followers, posting a general question to followers has a positive impact on the number of new followers. Cyclists and teams can use the results of this study to identify over- and underperformers in terms of social media success and to attract more followers with all the associated benefits.
Uncovering What’s Really Important: Using Drawings to Enhance the Dialogue With Students About Physical Education Experiences
Authors: Hastie Peter A. , Calderón Antonio , Brock Sheri J. , Mowling Claire , MacPhail Ann
Published: May 2024

Purpose: To present a case for using drawings as a valuable way of incorporating student voice in research on physical education. Presented in the form of a “primer,” the paper examines theoretical and practical aspects of drawing research. Sections: The paper is presented in three parts. The first introduces drawings as a valuable participatory visual method, explaining what they are and why study them. Second, a brief history is provided of the use of drawings in classroom and physical education research. The third section provides key points to consider when administering a drawing project and analyzing drawings. Key Messages: Drawings have the potential to make the invisible visible. That is, what is missing in a drawing may be as impactful as other objects that are present. In addition, to maximize the value of drawings, students should be asked to describe their drawings (either through an accompanying interview, or draw, and write), as possible elements might emerge that were not visible, or to assist with clarification of all elements of the drawing.
Tool use increases mechanical foraging success and tooth health in southern sea otters (
Enhydra lutris nereis
)
Authors: Law Chris J. , Tinker M. Tim , Fujii Jessica A. , Nicholson Teri , Staedler Michelle , Tomoleoni Joseph A. , Young Colleen , Mehta Rita S.
Published: May 2024

Although tool use may enhance resource utilization, its fitness benefits are difficult to measure. By examining longitudinal data from 196 radio-tagged southern sea otters (
Enhydra lutris nereis
), we found that tool-using individuals, particularly females, gained access to larger and/or harder-shelled prey. These mechanical advantages translated to reduced tooth damage during food processing. We also found that tool use diminishes trade-offs between access to different prey, tooth condition, and energy intake, all of which are dependent on the relative prey availability in the environment. Tool use allowed individuals to maintain energetic requirements through the processing of alternative prey that are typically inaccessible with biting alone, suggesting that this behavior is a necessity for the survival of some otters in environments where preferred prey are depleted.
Metabolic loads and the costs of metazoan reproduction
Authors: Ginther Samuel C. , Cameron Hayley , White Craig R. , Marshall Dustin J.
Published: May 2024

Reproduction includes two energy investments—the energy in the offspring and the energy expended to make them. The former is well understood, whereas the latter is unquantified but often assumed to be small. Without understanding both investments, the true energy costs of reproduction are unknown. We present a framework for estimating the total energy costs of reproduction by combining data on the energy content of offspring (direct costs) and the metabolic load of bearing them (indirect costs). We find that direct costs typically represent the smaller fraction of the energy expended on reproduction. Mammals pay the highest reproductive costs (excluding lactation), ~90% of which are indirect. Ectotherms expend less on reproduction overall, and live-bearing ectotherms pay higher indirect costs compared with egg-layers. We show that the energy demands of reproduction exceed standard assumptions.
Delocalized, asynchronous, closed-loop discovery of organic laser emitters
Authors: Strieth-Kalthoff Felix , Hao Han , Rathore Vandana , Derasp Joshua , Gaudin Théophile , Angello Nicholas H. , Seifrid Martin , Trushina Ekaterina , Guy Mason , Liu Junliang , Tang Xun , Mamada Masashi , Wang Wesley , Tsagaantsooj Tuul , Lavigne Cyrille , Pollice Robert , Wu Tony C. , Hotta Kazuhiro , Bodo Leticia , Li Shangyu , Haddadnia Mohammad , Wołos Agnieszka , Roszak Rafał , Ser Cher Tian , Bozal-Ginesta Carlota , Hickman Riley J. , Vestfrid Jenya , Aguilar-Granda Andrés , Klimareva Elena L. , Sigerson Ralph C. , Hou Wenduan , Gahler Daniel , Lach Slawomir , Warzybok Adrian , Borodin Oleg , Rohrbach Simon , Sanchez-Lengeling Benjamin , Adachi Chihaya , Grzybowski Bartosz A. , Cronin Leroy , Hein Jason E. , Burke Martin D. , Aspuru-Guzik Alán
Published: May 2024

Contemporary materials discovery requires intricate sequences of synthesis, formulation, and characterization that often span multiple locations with specialized expertise or instrumentation. To accelerate these workflows, we present a cloud-based strategy that enabled delocalized and asynchronous design-make-test-analyze cycles. We showcased this approach through the exploration of molecular gain materials for organic solid-state lasers as a frontier application in molecular optoelectronics. Distributed robotic synthesis and in-line property characterization, orchestrated by a cloud-based artificial intelligence experiment planner, resulted in the discovery of 21 new state-of-the-art materials. Gram-scale synthesis ultimately allowed for the verification of best-in-class stimulated emission in a thin-film device. Demonstrating the asynchronous integration of five laboratories across the globe, this workflow provides a blueprint for delocalizing—and democratizing—scientific discovery.
The complexity of physician power
Authors: Nimmon Laura
Published: May 2024

Inequitable variation in physician effort and resource use is revealed
Haiti’s health researchers persevere amid chaos
Authors: Wadman Meredith
Published: May 2024

“Heroic network” forges ahead as gang violence dominates life and landscape