bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Assessing the Effectiveness of Tourism Promotional Videos: Creativity, Emotional Impact, Perceived Quality, and Attitude Towards the Destination
Authors: Dias Francisco , Lavaredas Alexandra Meira
Published: December 2024

Tourism promotional videos (TPVs) are widely used by destination management organizations (DMOs) in promotional campaigns. With the aim of opening new research perspectives in the field of tourism promotion, this article proposes a model for evaluating the effectiveness of TPVs—the Emovie model—conceptually anchored in studies on transformational and symbolic advertising. The model describes the interrelationship of four constructs: artistic value, positive emotional impact, perceived quality of the video, and perceived quality of the destination. The model was tested in three empirical studies carried out in parallel and using the same methodological procedures for quantitative analysis, applied to three samples totaling 674 individuals. The results show that the creativity and originality of TPVs elicit positive emotional reactions, resulting in favorable attitudes towards the message and the destination. This study is particularly important because it provides DMOs with a tool for evaluating the effectiveness of their promotional videos.
Unleashing ChatGPT: Redefining Technology Acceptance and Digital Transformation in Higher Education
Authors: Mourtajji Loubna , Arts-Chiss Nathalie
Published: December 2024

This article examines the effects of integrating ChatGPT, a generative language model developed by OpenAI, into educational and training contexts in higher education. The research takes as its conceptual framework models of technology acceptance and questions the relevance of these models to the acceptance and adoption of ChatGPT. A qualitative study carried out with teachers from various higher education establishments in France enables us to propose a model adapted to the specific features of generative AI. The ethical dimension and the controllability of the tools by users, made possible by a progressive training program, are two constructions that are essential to a proper understanding of whether or not these new tools are adopted. Additionally, this research contributes to the growing discourse on how generative AI innovations can be leveraged to enhance digital transformation in the academic sector, with a particular focus on business schools’ stakeholders and strategies. Finally, the contributions and prospects for future research are discussed.
Pathways to Rural Sustainability: Opportunities and Challenges in the Creation of an Agrotechnological District in Ingaí City, Brazil
Authors: Paiva Caroline Mendonça Nogueira , Quintino Derick David , Morais Thacyo Bruno Custódio de , Cozadi Elisa Guimarães , Costa Jaqueline Severino da , Leme Paulo Henrique Montagnana Vicente , Scolforo José Roberto Soares
Published: December 2024

An agrotechnological district (ATD) integrates sustainable agricultural practices and technologies, aiming to transform rural communities by stimulating socioeconomic development and addressing the UN Sustainable Development Goals. Ingaí, a dairy-producing municipality in Minas Gerais, Brazil, stands to benefit from the implementation of an ATD. This study aimed to identify the opportunities and challenges for the implementation of an ATD in the municipality, considering its socioeconomic characteristics, the level of producers’ technological adoption, connectivity infrastructure, support networks, and rural and market management. The method was based on an exploratory case study, using semi-structured group interviews for data collection, conducted in March 2024, with agricultural stakeholders. As a result, key challenges emerged: limited connectivity infrastructure; ineffective property management; rural family succession problems; barriers in accessing credit; resistance to the adoption of technologies; and dependence on the local government. Opportunities included the strengthening of support networks among the agents of rural productive activity; the promotion of technology adoption by producers; and creating training and rural extension programs. The adoption of these initiatives can stimulate Ingaí’s economic and social development, generate multiplier effects in its region of influence, and serve as a model for other initiatives in the state of Minas Gerais, the main dairy hub in the country, and one of the primary drivers of Brazilian agribusiness.
AI-Based Monitoring for Enhanced Poultry Flock Management
Authors: Cruz Edmanuel , Hidalgo-Rodriguez Miguel , Acosta-Reyes Adiz Mariel , Rangel José Carlos , Boniche Keyla
Published: December 2024

The exponential growth of global poultry production highlights the critical need for efficient flock management, particularly in accurately counting chickens to optimize operations and minimize economic losses. This study advances the application of artificial intelligence (AI) in agriculture by developing and validating an AI-driven automated poultry flock management system using the YOLOv8 object detection model. The scientific objective was to address challenges such as occlusions, lighting variability, and high-density flock conditions, thereby contributing to the broader understanding of computer vision applications in agricultural environments. The practical objective was to create a scalable and reliable system for automated monitoring and decision-making, optimizing resource utilization and improving poultry management efficiency. The prototype achieved high precision (93.1%) and recall (93.0%), demonstrating its reliability across diverse conditions. Comparative analysis with prior models, including YOLOv5, highlights YOLOv8’s superior accuracy and robustness, underscoring its potential for real-world applications. This research successfully achieves its objectives by delivering a system that enhances poultry management practices and lays a strong foundation for future innovations in agricultural automation.
Toxicity of Post-Emergent Herbicides on Entomopathogenic Fungi Used in the Management of Corn Leafhopper: In Vitro and In Vivo Assessments
Authors: Rakes Matheus , Morais Maíra Chagas , Sperotto Maria Eduarda , Zanardi Odimar Zanuzo , Bernardi Daniel , Grützmacher Anderson Dionei , Ribeiro Leandro do Prado
Published: December 2024

This is the first study to assess the physicochemical and biological compatibility of herbicides used in corn crops with entomopathogenic fungi used in the management of Dalbulus maidis in Brazil. The biological index was employed to ascertain the in vitro compatibility of the herbicides with pure spores (not formulated) of tested fungal isolates (Esalq-1296 of Cordyceps javanica and IBCB66 and Simbi BB15 of Beauveria bassiana). The results indicated a significant interaction between herbicides and fungal isolates when colony diameter and colony-forming units (CFU) were considered. Furthermore, changes in physicochemical characteristics were observed in some mixtures of herbicides and mycoinsecticides tested. The number of CFU was significantly reduced as the exposure time increased in the mixtures containing all the herbicides tested. In general, the Esalq-1296 isolate of C. javanica, formulated in a suspension concentrate (Octane®), proved to be more sensitive to the herbicides studied. In vivo bioassays demonstrated that, despite the synergistic effect of the binary mixtures of herbicides and mycoinsecticides on D. maidis mortality, the presence of the herbicide in the mixtures prevented the extrusion of entomopathogens from cadavers; therefore, caution is recommended when combining mycoinsecticides and post-emergent herbicides in tank mixtures aiming to manage D. maidis.
The Source of K Fertilizer for Industrial Hemp (Cannabis sativa L.): Mechanical and Chemical Properties of Stem for Rammed Earth Walls
Authors: Varga Ivana , Iljkić Dario , Krolo Paulina , Perić Fekete Ana , Kraus Ivan
Published: December 2024

Industrial hemp, as a natural plant fiber, has received increased research attention recently. Potassium fertilization is one of the most important fertilizers for plant stem thickness, but how the formulation of K fertilizer influences stem morphology and stem tensile strength remains unclear. This study aims to examine the influence of K fertilizer sources on industrial hemp stem properties, with a specific focus on the fibers, to evaluate their potential applications as reinforcement material for stabilizing rammed earth in sustainable construction. A field experiment was set up with different K fertilizer types applied as pre-sowing fertilizer in the following doses: K0—control, K1—100 kg ha−1 KCl, and K2—100 kg ha−1 K2SO4. Different K fertilizations did not have significant influence on stem height, which was on average 71.2 cm, nor on stem diameter, which was on average 3.4 mm. Regarding the macronutrient content of the industrial hemp stem (N, P, and K), K fertilization treatment significantly influenced (p < 0.05) their accumulation. The N, P, and K content in the stem within fertilization treatment averaged 0.78, 0.72, and 1.26%, respectively. The average content of cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin was not significantly different in relation to K fertilization treatments. In the stem, dry weight cellulose content varied from 57.8% (K0) to 59.0% (K1), hemicellulose from 11.0% (K2) to 11.6% (K0 and K1), and lignin from 10.2% (K2) to 10.5% (K0). The tensile strength and Young’s modulus of the industrial hemp stem were non-homogenous within K fertilization treatments. The highest tensile strength (388.52 MPa) and Young’s modulus (32.09 GPa) were on K1 treatment. The lowest industrial hemp stem tensile strength was determined at K2 treatment (95.16 MPa), whereas stems in the control treatment had the lowest Young’s modulus (21.09 GPa). In the mixtures of hemp fibers with rammed earth, the higher compressive strength was determined on cubic samples than on cylindrical samples. This study contributes to the industrial hemp K fertilization of the newer genotypes, but there has been a lack of research in recent times. Since industrial hemp has great potential in various industry branches, this study also contributes to using fiber extracted from the stem in eco-friendly and renewable forms in mixtures with rammed earth.
An Analysis of Relationship Quality and Loyalty Between Farmers and Agribusiness Companies in the Rice Industry: Using Multi-Group Analysis
Authors: Hien Le Thi Dieu , Kim Jonghwa
Published: December 2024

Rice is an important agricultural product in Vietnam; however, the rice industry faces several challenges, particularly weak linkages between farmers and enterprises. The Vietnamese government has introduced the Large Field Model (LFM) program to improve cooperation between farmers and agribusiness companies. Despite these efforts, its implementation remains limited, and contract violations are common. This study investigated the factors affecting relationship quality (RQ) and loyalty (LO) between farmers and agricultural companies in the LFM, focusing on comparing cooperative and non-cooperative participating farmers. Using the Partial Least Squares–Multi-Group Analysis (PLS-MGA) method, this study assessed the different effects of factors such as price satisfaction (PS), payment terms (PTs), and support policies (SPs) on RQ and LO among two groups. The findings indicated that RQ has a stronger influence on LO in farmers with cooperative participation than those who exhibit non-cooperative participation. PS was the most significant factor influencing RQ in both groups, whereas PT was influential only for cooperative participating farmers. SP did not significantly affect RQ in either group. Finally, agricultural companies and policymakers should strengthen partnership management in agricultural supply chains by addressing gaps in support policies, developing appropriate pricing strategies, being flexible in negotiating payment terms, and improving the legal framework related to contract enforcement.
Accuracy of Various Sampling Techniques for Precision Agriculture: A Case Study in Brazil
Authors: Valente Domingos Sárvio Magalhães , Pereira Gustavo Willam , de Queiroz Daniel Marçal , Zandonadi Rodrigo Sinaidi , Amaral Lucas Rios do , Bottega Eduardo Leonel , Costa Marcelo Marques , de Freitas Coelho Andre Luiz , Grift Tony
Published: December 2024

Precision agriculture techniques contribute to optimizing the use of agricultural inputs, as they consider the spatial and temporal variability in the production factors. Prescription maps of limestone and fertilizers at variable rates (VRA) can be generated using various soil sampling techniques, such as point grid sampling, cell sampling, and management zone sampling. However, low-density grid sampling often fails to capture the spatial variability in soil properties, leading to inaccurate fertilizer recommendations. Sampling techniques by cells or management zones can generate maps of better quality and at lower costs than the sampling system by degree of points with low sampling density. Thus, this study aimed to compare the accuracy of different sampling techniques for mapping soil attributes in precision agriculture. For this purpose, the following sampling techniques were used: high-density point grid sampling method, low-density point grid sampling method, cell sampling method, management zone sampling method, and conventional method (considering the mean). Six areas located in the Brazilian states of Bahia, Minas Gerais, Mato Grosso, Goias, Mato Grosso do Sul, and Sao Paulo were used. The Root-Mean-Square-Error (RMSE) method was determined for each method using cross-validation. It was concluded that the cell method generated the lowest error, followed by the high-density point grid sampling method. Management zone sampling showed a lower error compared to the low-density point grid sampling method. By comparing different sampling techniques, we demonstrate that management zone and cell grid sampling can reduce soil sampling while maintaining comparable or superior accuracy in soil attribute mapping.
Detection and Classification of Agave angustifolia Haw Using Deep Learning Models
Authors: Matadamas Idarh , Zamora Erik , Aquino-Bolaños Teodulfo
Published: December 2024

In Oaxaca, Mexico, there are more than 30 species of the Agave genus, and its cultivation is of great economic and social importance. The incidence of pests, diseases, and environmental stress cause significant losses to the crop. The identification of damage through non-invasive tools based on visual information is important for reducing economic losses. The objective of this study was to evaluate and compare five deep learning models: YOLO versions 7, 7-tiny, and 8, and two from the Detectron2 library, Faster-RCNN and RetinaNet, for the detection and classification of Agave angustifolia plants in digital images. In the town of Santiago Matatlán, Oaxaca, 333 images were taken in an open-air plantation, and 1317 plants were labeled into five classes: sick, yellow, healthy, small, and spotted. Models were trained with a 70% random partition, validated with 10%, and tested with the remaining 20%. The results obtained from the models indicate that YOLOv7 is the best-performing model, in terms of the test set, with a mAP of 0.616, outperforming YOLOv7-tiny and YOLOv8, both with a mAP of 0.606 on the same set; demonstrating that artificial intelligence for the detection and classification of Agave angustifolia plants under planting conditions is feasible using digital images.
Lightweight Mulberry Fruit Detection Method Based on Improved YOLOv8n for Automated Harvesting
Authors: Qiu Hong , Zhang Qinghui , Li Junqiu , Rong Jian , Yang Zongpeng
Published: December 2024

Aiming at the difficulty of feature extraction in complex environments during mulberry detection and the need for embedded devices to lighten the model, this study carries out lightweight improvements on the basis of the YOLOv8n model. First, the CSPPC module incorporates lightweight partial convolution (PConv) within its bottleneck structure, replacing the C2f module to enhance feature extraction efficiency. Secondly, the ADown module is used to replace the traditional downsampling module and the P-Head module is used to replace the traditional convolutional detector head with the partial convolutional detector head. Finally, a knowledge distillation technique is used to compensate for the loss of accuracy due to parameter reduction. Ablation experiments are conducted to evaluate the impact of each module on the model’s performance. The experimental results show that the improved YOLOv8 model has a precision of 88.9%, a recall of 78.1%, and an average precision of 86.8%. The number of parameters is 1.29 × 106, the model size is 2.6 MB, the floating-point computation is 2.6 GFLOPs, and the frame rate reaches 19.84 FPS on the edge end. Therefore, this model provides theoretical and technical support for the deployment and application of mobile detection devices, such as automatic mulberry harvesting in practical scenarios.
Analysis of Transcriptional and Metabolic Differences in the Petal Color Change Response to High-Temperature Stress in Various Chrysanthemum Genotypes
Authors: Li Zhimei , Zhou Hougao , Chen Yan , Chen Minyi , Yao Yutong , Luo Honghui , Wu Qing , Wang Fenglan , Zhou Yiwei
Published: December 2024

Flower color is one of the most important ornamental traits of chrysanthemums. Previous studies have shown that high temperatures can cause the petals of some chrysanthemum varieties to fade; however, the molecular mechanisms behind this phenomenon remain poorly understood. This study examines the mechanisms of color change in purple chrysanthemums under high-temperature stress using combined metabolomic and transcriptomic analyses. Four chrysanthemum varieties—two heat-stable (‘Zi Feng Che’ and ‘Chrystal Regal’) and two heat-sensitive (‘Zi Hong Tuo Gui’ and ‘Zi Lian’)—were analyzed. High-temperature conditions (35 °C) significantly downregulated key anthocyanins in heat-sensitive varieties, particularly cyanidin-3-O-(3″,6″-O-dimalonyl)glucoside and pelargonidin-3-O-(3″,6″-O-dimalonyl)glucoside. Transcriptome analysis revealed differential gene expression involved in anthocyanin biosynthesis and degradation, with significant enrichment in the MAPK signaling, phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, flavonoid biosynthesis, and anthocyanin biosynthesis pathways. The study highlighted the differential expression of CHS, DFR, ANS, GT1, 3AT, and UGT75C1 genes in anthocyanin synthesis between heat-sensitive and heat-tolerant varieties. Compared to heat-stable varieties, the petals of heat-sensitive varieties exhibited greater differential expression of heat-responsive transcription factors, including HSFs, ERFs, MYBs, and WRKYs. Genes that show a significant negative correlation with the downregulated anthocyanins, including Cse_sc012959.1_g030.1 (βG), Cse_sc001798.1_g020.1 (MYB), Cse_sc006944.1_g010.1 (MYB), and Cse_sc000572.1_g090.1 (HSF), might regulate anthocyanin accumulation in chrysanthemums in response to high-temperature stress. These results provide guidance for the cultivation management and variety selection of chrysanthemums under high-temperature conditions. Additionally, they lay the foundation for elucidating the molecular mechanisms of flower color stability under heat stress and for breeding new heat-tolerant varieties.
Innovative Ghost Channel Spatial Attention Network with Adaptive Activation for Efficient Rice Disease Identification
Authors: Zhou Yang , Yang Yang , Wang Dongze , Zhai Yuting , Li Haoxu , Xu Yanlei
Published: December 2024

To address the computational complexity and deployment challenges of traditional convolutional neural networks in rice disease identification, this paper proposes an efficient and lightweight model: Ghost Channel Spatial Attention ShuffleNet with Mish-ReLU Adaptive Activation Function (GCA-MiRaNet). Based on ShuffleNet V2, we effectively reduced the model’s parameter count by streamlining convolutional layers, decreasing stacking depth, and optimizing output channels. Additionally, the model incorporates the Ghost Module as a replacement for traditional 1 × 1 convolutions, further reducing computational overhead. Innovatively, we introduce a Channel Spatial Attention Mechanism (CSAM) that significantly enhances feature extraction and generalization aimed at rice disease detection. Through combining the advantages of Mish and ReLU, we designed the Mish-ReLU Adaptive Activation Function (MAAF), enhancing the model’s generalization capacity and convergence speed. Through transfer learning and ElasticNet regularization, the model’s accuracy has notably improved while effectively avoiding overfitting. Sufficient experimental results indicate that GCA-MiRaNet attains a precision of 94.76% on the rice disease dataset, with a 95.38% reduction in model parameters and a compact size of only 0.4 MB. Compared to traditional models such as ResNet50 and EfficientNet V2, GCA-MiRaNet demonstrates significant advantages in overall performance, especially on embedded devices. This model not only enables efficient and accurate real-time disease monitoring but also provides a viable solution for rice field protection drones and Internet of Things management systems, advancing the process of contemporary agricultural smart management.
Design of Chili Field Navigation System Based on Multi-Sensor and Optimized TEB Algorithm
Authors: Han Weikang , Gu Qihang , Gu Huaning , Xia Rui , Gao Yuan , Zhou Zhenbao , Luo Kangya , Fang Xipeng , Zhang Yali
Published: December 2024

To address issues such as the confusion of environmental feature points and significant pose information errors in chili fields, an autonomous navigation system based on multi-sensor data fusion and an optimized TEB (Timed Elastic Band) algorithm is proposed. The system’s positioning component integrates pose data from the GNSS and the IMU inertial navigation system, and corrects positioning errors caused by the clutter of LiDAR environmental feature points. To solve the problem of local optimization and excessive collision handling in the TEB algorithm during the path planning phase, the weight parameters are optimized based on environmental characteristics, thereby reducing errors in optimal path determination. Furthermore, considering the topographic inclination between rows (5–15°), 10 sets of comparison tests were conducted. The results show that the navigation system reduced the average path length by 0.58 m, shortened the average time consumption by 2.55 s, and decreased the average target position offset by 4.3 cm. In conclusion, the multi-sensor data fusion and optimized TEB algorithm demonstrate significant potential for realizing autonomous navigation in the narrow and complex environment of chili fields.
Effects of Salinity of Magnetized Water on Water–Salt Transport and Infiltration Characteristics of Soil Under Drip Irrigation
Authors: Wang Dongwang , Wang Zhenhua , Zhang Jinzhu , Zhang Yushun , Chen Pengpeng
Published: December 2024

The shortage of fresh water resources and soil salinization restrict the sustainable development of oasis agriculture in Xinjiang, China. Magnetically treated brackish water can physically improve the quality of water used for irrigation, and this technology is being gradually applied in agricultural production. However, the infiltration characteristics of magnetized brackish water and its response to the distribution of soil water and salt are still unknown. We conducted infiltration tests using a one-dimensional soil column system, employing magnetized water at concentrations of 0.2, 1, 3, and 5 g·L⁻1, with a magnetization strength of 3000 gauss (GS), and explored the effects of salinity of magnetized water on water–salt transport and infiltration characteristics of soil under drip irrigation. The migration rate of the wetting front of magnetized water infiltration slowed, and the cumulative infiltration content increased. Specifically, compared to the unmagnetized control, the infiltration time at a depth of 40 cm for magnetized water concentrations of 0.2, 1, 3, and 5 g·L−1 increased by 17.42%, 42.16%, 47.02%, and 39.19%, respectively. Correspondingly, the cumulative infiltration volume increased by 7.88%, 8.09%, 10.60%, and 5.38%. Further, the infiltration of magnetized brackish water increased the water retention capacity of soil, effectively reduced the salt content of soil layers, and had a remarkable desalting effect. Salinity of the soil profile showed an L-shaped trend of salt accumulation in the lower layer and desalting in the upper layer. For water salinity of 3 g·L−1, soil desalting intensity was greatest. In addition, KShf, suction rate, empirical coefficient a, initial infiltration rate, and stable infiltration rate all decreased under magnetization treatment with the same salinity. Thus, this study provides a new way to alleviate the shortage of fresh water resources in arid areas, a guideline for safely using brackish water and also increasing productivity of saline–alkali land.
Polymorphism of the CSN3 3’UTR in Dairy Cows Causes Changes in bta-miR-708 Binding Ability and κ-Casein Expression
Authors: Li Wenqing , Wang Xiaoyang , Wu Pinhui , Xu Xiuyang , Liu Wei , Zhang Guozhi , Zhang Liyang , Fu Tong , Gao Tengyun
Published: December 2024

κ-casein (CSN3) polymorphisms are closely related to productive performance and dairy processing performance. In this study, CSN3 3’UTR polymorphisms in Chinese Holstein cows (n = 50) and the effects of these polymorphisms on the gene expression of four caseins, the protein expression of κ-casein, the binding of microRNAs (miRNAs), and cow production performance were investigated. There were two main haplotypes for the CSN3 3’UTR in Chinese Holstein cows: Haplotype 1 (0 mutations, n = 16) and Haplotype 10 (a combination of 7 mutations, n = 17). The gene and protein expression levels of CSN3 in Haplotype 1 were significantly greater than those in Haplotype 10 (p < 0.05). The ability of bta-miR-708 to bind to the CSN3 3’UTR with Haplotype 10 was significantly greater than that with Haplotype 1 (p < 0.05), potentially explaining why the gene and protein expression of CSN3 with Haplotype 10 were lower than those with Haplotype 1. Dairy herd improvement (DHI) data, including 305-d milk production, fat-corrected milk, fat (%), protein (%), and fat/protein ratio, were not significantly different between the two haplotypes (p > 0.05). Results suggest that the two major CSN3 3’UTR polymorphisms in Chinese Holstein cows cause significant changes in CSN3 gene expression, CSN3 protein expression, and bta-miR-708 binding ability but no significant alterations in macroscopic DHI data. Therefore, CSN3 3’UTR polymorphisms should be investigated further.
Exploring Dog and Cat Management Practices in Multispecies Households and Their Association with the Pet-Owner Relationship
Authors: Menchetti Laura , Riggio Giacomo , Calipari Silvia , Mariti Chiara , Menor-Campos David J. , Diverio Silvana
Published: December 2024

This study aimed to investigate differences and similarities of the pet–owner relationship and management of dogs and cats living in the same household. An online survey was completed by 1270 individuals who owned both dog(s) and cat(s). Most of the respondents owned only one dog (56.4%) but two or more cats (63.1%; p < 0.001). Moreover, cats were acquired earlier and were more likely to be neutered than dogs (p < 0.001). The neutering rate was also affected by breed (p < 0.001), age (p < 0.05), and the number of pets owned (p < 0.05). Two types of owners were identified according to how they managed their pets: owners who keep cats both indoors and outdoors and dogs indoors (65.3%) and owners who keep cats indoors and dogs outdoors (34.7%). The former group was characterized by a higher percentage of owners younger than 25 years (p < 0.01), owners with more than one dog or cat, large dogs (p < 0.001), and intact (p < 0.04) and mix-breed cats (p < 0.001). Finally, most respondents described the relationship with their cats (93.0%) and dogs (97.0%) as “loving” or “friendly”. Keeping cats indoors (p < 0.05) and allowing dogs and cats to sleep in the owners’ bedroom were associated with a stronger perceived pet–owner bond. Implications for cat and dog welfare are discussed.
Egg Protein Compositions over Embryonic Development in Haemaphysalis hystricis Ticks
Authors: Tang Qiwu , Cheng Tianyin , Liu Wei
Published: December 2024

Tick eggs contain a series of proteins that play important roles in egg development. A thorough characterization of egg protein expression throughout development is essential for understanding tick embryogenesis and for screening candidate molecules to develop novel interventions. In this study, eggs at four developmental stages (0, 7, 14, and 21 incubation days) were collected, and their protein extraction was profiled using sodium dodecyl sulfate–polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). On the first day of egg protein extraction, protein bands from day-1 eggs were re-collected and subsequently analyzed using liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). The dynamic changes in forty egg proteins during development were further investigated using LC-parallel reaction monitoring (PRM)/MS analysis. A total of 108 transcripts were detected in day-1 eggs. Based on protein functions and families, these transcripts were classified into eight categories: transporters, enzymes, immunity and antimicrobial proteins, proteinase inhibitors, cytoskeletal proteins, heat shock proteins, secreted proteins, and uncharacterized proteins. Identification of the protein bands revealed that nine bands predominantly consisted of vitellogenin and vitellin-A, while other notable proteins included cathepsins and Kunitz domain-containing proteins. LC-PRM/MS analysis indicated that 28 transcripts increased significantly in abundance, including 13/18 enzymes, 1/1 antimicrobial peptide, 2/2 neutrophil elastase inhibitors, 3/4 vitellogenins, 3/3 heat shock proteins, 3/3 cytoskeletal proteins, 1/1 elongation factor-1, and 1/1 uncharacterized protein. Conversely, five transcripts showed a decrease significantly, including 1/1 Kunitz domain-containing protein, 2/6 aspartic proteases, and 2/5 serpins. This research provides a comprehensive overview of egg proteins and highlights the dynamic changes in protein expression during embryonic development, which may be pivotal for understanding protein functions and selecting potential candidates for further study.
Long-Term Ecosystem Monitoring Along the Trabocchi Coast (Chieti, Italy): Insights from Underwater Visual Surveys (2011–2024)
Authors: Arbuatti Alessio , Di Serafino Alessandra , Lucidi Pia
Published: December 2024

Biodiversity studies are essential for evaluating environmental quality and ecosystem integrity [...]
Cellular and Molecular Basis of Environment-Induced Color Change in a Tree Frog
Authors: Zhai Runliang , Chang Liming , Jiang Jianping , Wang Bin , Zhu Wei
Published: December 2024

Background color matching is essential for camouflage and thermoregulation in ectothermic vertebrates, yet several key cellular-level questions remain unresolved. For instance, it is unclear whether the number of chromatophores or the activity of individual chromatophores plays a more critical role in this process. Using single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq), we investigated the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying color change in Rhacophorus dugritei, which adapted to its background by displaying light-green skin on white and black skin on black within two days. We identified two types of chromatophores in their skin, both responsible for the observed color differences. Our findings reveal that morphological color change (MCC) is the dominant process, with the number of chromatophores being more influential in driving color change than the transcriptional activity of melanogenesis in individual cells. Additionally, melanophores from darker individuals exhibited increased activity in energy metabolism pathways, while those from lighter individuals showed stronger immune-related gene expression, suggesting that background adaptation involves more than just morphological changes. Overall, this study successfully applied single-cell sequencing technology to investigate skin pigmentation in a non-model organism. Our results suggest that MCC driven by chromatophore proliferation is a key mechanism of background adaptation, offering new insights into amphibian color adaptation and environmental adaptation in other vertebrates.
(Un)Tying the Knot: Oxidative Stress, Inflammatory Markers, and Lipid Status in Dogs with Hypercortisolism
Authors: Karić Lazar , Janjić Filip , Spariosu Kristina , Davitkov Darko , Krstić Vanja , Kovačević Filipović Milica , Radaković Milena
Published: December 2024

The aim of this study was to revisit the complex relationship between inflammation, oxidative stress and lipid metabolism in dogs with hypercortisolism (HC). Fourteen dogs newly diagnosed with HC and an equal number of healthy counterparts of similar age and markers of oxidative stress (AOPP, TBARS, TAC, GSH, PON-1, and UA) and inflammation (NLR, PLR, SII, HPT, CHE, CP, and Hcy) were included in the study. To determine the lipid profiles, cholesterol, and triglyceride levels were measured, and the electrophoretic separation of lipoproteins was performed. The results revealed that dogs with HC had higher levels of AOPP and TBARS, but only greater levels of GSH among antioxidants. Uric acid levels were higher in HC dogs, suggesting a pro-oxidative role. Elevated NLR, PLR, SII, and HPT levels were detected, but they did not seem to be associated with inflammation. Notable changes were detected in the HDL fraction, alongside hypercholesterolaemia and hypertriglyceridaemia. Correlation analysis revealed links between lipid markers and both oxidative stress and inflammatory indices. In conclusion, the data acquired may prove useful in further understanding of the intricate pathophysiology of Cushing’s syndrome.
Application of Hybrid External Skeletal Fixation with Bone Tissue Engineering Techniques for Comminuted Fracture of the Proximal Radius in a Dog
Authors: Bae Minji , Kang Byung-Jae , Kim Junhyung
Published: December 2024

A seven-month-old male Pomeranian presented with left forelimb lameness after a fall. Radiographic assessment confirmed proximal radial head and ulnar comminuted fracture. The initial surgical intervention involved the use of hybrid external skeletal fixation (ESF) to stabilize the radial head, concomitant with the application of a composite of bone morphogenetic protein type 2 (BMP-2)-loaded hydroxyapatite and gelatin microparticles at the fracture site. Although successful radial head healing was achieved, the ESF pinholes caused a defect in the proximal ulnar diaphysis. Subsequently, the ESF was removed, and a locking plate was applied in conjunction with the BMP-2-loaded collagen membrane to correct the radius defect. Clinical follow-up at 4.8 years postoperatively revealed a mildly decreased range of motion of the affected elbow joint, but no clinical symptoms such as lameness. Radiography revealed minimal degenerative changes and a radioulnar synostosis. Computed tomography revealed differences in the leg length and bone density. Gait analysis revealed that the left forelimb had a significant improvement in weight-bearing capacity based on weight distribution–peak vertical force metrics, compared with the right forelimb. Based on clinical outcomes, the combined application of hybrid ESF and bone tissue engineering techniques can be considered a feasible alternative treatment for radial head fractures.
Ecomorphological and Age-Related Adaptations in the Tongues of Phocoena dioptrica (Spectacled Porpoise) and Phocoena spinipinnis (Burmeister’s Porpoise) (Phocoenidae: Cetacea)
Authors: Loza Cleopatra Mara , Zanuzzi Carolina Natalia , Andrini Laura Beatriz , Krmpotic Cecilia Mariana , Scarano Alejo Carlos , Loureiro Juan Pablo , Barbeito Claudio Gustavo , Carlini Alfredo Armando
Published: December 2024

Vertebrates’ tongues reflect part of their adaptations to diverse feeding strategies, the types of food items they eat, and the environments where they live. Our contribution was to analyze the macro- and microscopic morphology of the tongues of two porpoise species (Phocoena dioptrica and Phocoena spinipinnis; juveniles and adults), whose biology is little known. Macroscopic and microscopic studies (conventional histology, scanning electron microscopy, immunohistochemistry, and morphometry) were performed. Differences between juvenile and adult individuals of the same species, as well as between juveniles and adults of both species, were found, probably related to their feeding and/or geographical distribution. In addition, novel aspects related to ontogenetic morphological differences, thermoregulation, and immune system components were described. We found a lingual countercurrent vascular system (periarterial venous retia), only mentioned for mysticetes and Physeter macrocephalus (never for smaller odontocetes). In addition, we identified mechanoreceptors (lamellar corpuscles). Both species showed marginal papillae, but only in P. spinipinnis were small (probably vestigial) taste buds observed. Finally, lingual lymphoid aggregates were found.
Percutaneous Ultrasound Guided Celiac Plexus Approach: Results in a Pig Cadaveric Model
Authors: Aprea Francesco , Millán Yolanda , Tomás Anna , Calvo Rocío Navarrete , Granados María del Mar
Published: December 2024

Celiac plexus (CP) block (CPB) and neurolysis (CPN) are interventional techniques employed in human analgesia to control visceral pain originating from the upper abdomen. Visceral pain is common in animals and its treatment is challenging. A percutaneous ultrasound (US)-guided approach to the CP has been reported in people but not in veterinary species. The objective of this study is to describe a US-guided percutaneous approach to the CP in a porcine cadaveric model. Cadavers were positioned in right lateral recumbency. The vertebral body of the last thoracic vertebra (T15) was identified (in transverse view) with a left cranial abdominal US scan. Under US guidance, an 18 G Tuohy needle was inserted parallel and ventral to the transverse process of T15. The transducer was gently slid and tilted to have an in-plane view while introducing the needle through the epaxial muscle layer. Once the T15 body was contacted, the needle was advanced towards the ventral surface of the vertebra, and if loss of resistance was present, 2 mL of dye (China Ink) was injected. A laparotomy was performed, and the dyed tissue dissected for histological preparation from 14 cadavers. In all samples submitted for histological study, tissue belonging to the CP was found. The percutaneous ultrasound-guided approach to the CP was effective in localizing the CP in all subjects. Future studies are warranted to identify the clinical utility of this technique in veterinary species.
Cryptosporidium spp. Are Associated with Giardia duodenalis Co-Infection in Wild and Domestic Canids
Authors: Mateusa Maira , Cīrulis Aivars , Selezņova Maija , Šveisberga Dārta Paula , Terentjeva Margarita , Deksne Gunita
Published: December 2024

Cryptosporidium spp. and Giardia duodenalis are zoonotic food- and water-borne protozoa of veterinary importance. They are one of the main causes of diarrhea in domestic dogs (Canis familiaris). Wild canids, such as red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) and raccoon dogs (Nyctereutes procyonoides), can act as natural reservoirs for these parasites. The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence of these pathogens and analyze possible factors that may affect the infection in wild and domestic canids. A total of 373 domestic dog, 219 red fox, and 78 raccoon dog fecal samples were collected and tested for Cryptosporidium spp. and G. duodenalis presence with direct immunofluorescent staining. The dog owners filled a questionnaire on the dog’s habits and lifestyle to identify and analyze potential factors that may affect the occurrence of these parasites in dogs. Cryptosporidium spp. were found in 16.3%, 28.3%, and 28.2% and G. duodenalis in 0.7%, 27.4%, and 30.8% of the examined dogs, red foxes, and raccoon dogs, respectively. The highest prevalence was observed in puppies—15.4% and 18.5% for Cryptosporidium spp. and G. duodenalis, respectively. In all three canid species, infection with Cryptosporidium increases the risk of co-infection with Giardia and vice versa.
Therapeutic Potential of Hydrogen as a Radioprotective Agent for the Prevention of Radiation Dermatitis
Authors: Kuo Deng-Yu , Wang Yu-Chi , Chou Pei-Han , Lai Chen-Wei , Tung Fu-I , Liu Tse-Ying
Published: December 2024

Radiation dermatitis (RD) is a common side effect in patients receiving radiotherapy. Currently, clinical skincare approaches for acute RD vary widely among institutions and lack consensus. Hydrogen molecules, acting as radioprotective agents by selectively scavenging free radicals, have the potential to protect against RD. In this study, we demonstrate that hydrogen reduces double-strand breaks, mitochondrial depolarization, and inflammatory cytokines induced by irradiation damage in HaCaT cells. Furthermore, in vivo experiments reveal that exposing irradiated skin areas to a hydrogen gas environment alleviates RD. Assessment of skin appearance grade and histology staining revealed that direct transdermal application of hydrogen can prevent radiation-induced follicle damage, dermal thickening, and leukocyte infiltration, thereby reducing the severity of RD. In addition, hydrogen enhances the skin’s antioxidant capacity, leading to a reduction in the Bcl-2-associated X protein/B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bax/Bcl-2) ratio, the number of apoptotic cells, and the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Our data demonstrate that hydrogen possesses antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptotic properties, and could be a preventive strategy for RD.
Characterization of a Mechanical Antenna Based on Rotating Permanent Magnets
Authors: Morari Cristian , Bădic Mihai , Dumitru Constantin , Pătroi Eros-Alexandru , Dumitru George , Ilie Cristinel Ioan , Tănase Nicolae
Published: December 2024

Mechanical antennas with rotating permanent magnets are a relatively new type of transmitting antenna in low- and ultralow-frequency (LF/ULF) ranges. The perspectives of the applications are encouraging, especially in the field of non-destructive defectoscopy and communications through conductive media (underwater communications), which is reflected in the articles published in the last decade. This article describes the experimental setup, results, harmonic analysis, and simulation validation for two configurations of mechanical antennas with rotating NdFeB permanent magnets. The emphasis is placed on the known analytical equations, specifically on the matching of the measurement results with the analytical data as well as with the results given by the numerical analysis. Also, several means of measurement are used to validate the results through replicate testing. Through analytical analysis and the performed measurement, this article establishes the basics for designing mechanical antennas with rotating permanent magnets for the considered configurations based on a single static magnetic field measurement. Finally, we explore prospects for future research in this domain as well as the advantages and disadvantages compared to other types of LF/ULF antennas.
Oscillation Suppression Method of Digital Proportional Valve Based on Fuzzy Intelligent PID Control
Authors: Li Nana , Dong Chenglong , Wei Liejiang , Ji Hong , He Xiaokang , Liu Xinqiang
Published: December 2024

A digital proportional valve is constituted by the main spool and a high-speed on/off valve bridge acting as the pilot stage. However, the main spool will generate oscillation during movement under the control of the pilot stage. This results in poor stability, slow response speed, low control accuracy, and even the potential loss of control of the valve. To tackle this issue, an oscillation suppression method based on fuzzy intelligent proportional-integral-derivative (PID) control is put forward. The movement state of the main spool is determined in accordance with its movement position and velocity. Thereafter, the fuzzy control parameters of the controller are calculated on the basis of the determined movement state of the main spool. Different PID parameters are adopted to eliminate the control effect difference caused by the structural asymmetry of the two pilot control chambers of the main valve. The performance and robustness of the proposed control method are verified by comparison with the PID controller based on full-bridge and half-bridge control. The results demonstrate that the proposed control method can effectively suppress the oscillation of the main spool of the digital proportional valve, improve the control accuracy, and reduce the response time. When the excitation signal takes the form of a step signal, the overshoot of the control method put forward in this paper is diminished by 26.2% in comparison with that of the PID control. Under stable operating conditions, the maximum tracking error is less than 3.1%. Moreover, compared with simply using the PID control method, this error is reduced by 41%.
Study of the High-Temperature Sintering Characteristics of Boron Oxide Composite Silicon-Based Ceramics
Authors: Sun Jinchao , Su Yongxiang , Zhao Qingjuan , Wang Gui
Published: December 2024

This paper explores the application of boron oxide (B2O3) as a sintering additive in silicon-based (SiO2) ceramics, focusing on its impact on the sintering process and resulting ceramic properties. Composite silicon-based ceramic shells with boron oxide content ranging from 0 to 4 Wt% were prepared using digital light processing (DLP) technology. This study examines the effects of boron oxide on sintering temperature, apparent porosity, shrinkage rates, and mechanical properties during high-temperature sintering. Experimental results indicate that, as boron oxide content increases, the shrinkage rate of the ceramic samples rises progressively, with shrinkage in the XY direction increasing from 4.57% to 16.40% and in the Z direction from 6.25% to 17.03%. Concurrently, the apparent porosity decreases with higher boron oxide content, ranging from a maximum of 36.17% to a minimum of 23.27%. Bulk density also improves from 1.49 g/cm3 to 1.78 g/cm3. The bending strength trend first rises and then declines, peaking at 15.39 MPa at a boron oxide content of 3 Wt%. X-ray Diffraction and Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy analyses confirm that the addition of boron oxide promotes the formation of beta-quartz and that its liquid-phase behavior at high temperatures aids in enhancing ceramic densification. This study demonstrates that an appropriate amount of boron oxide can effectively lower the sintering temperature of silicon-based ceramics while improving their mechanical properties, providing a theoretical foundation and practical basis for broader industrial applications.