bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Synaesthetic Metaphor as a Language Style in Remi Raji’s Poetry
Authors: C.N. Ibe , I.S. Ochiagha , K.U. Chukwu
Published: June 2022

Every poet possesses a style of writing that makes his poetry different from that of others. His style of writing predominantly aids in expressing meaning to his readers. A poet’s style may be assessed in terms of language use, pattern of thematic exploration, poetic structure or figurative expression, etc. Be it as it may, there is no wide gap between his language style and meaning exploration (that is, the literary message he intends to express). This paper therefore is a study of Remi Raji’s poetry with the intention of examining the use of synaesthesia as a language style in his poetry. Adopting Burrow’s (2012) pattern, the research sets out to determine the situation that may have aroused the poet’s use of synaesthesia. According to Burrow’s argument, synaesthetic capacity was stimulated by cultural, social and technological conditions. However, we have limited our investigations to the socio-political conditions which the poems explored and the significance of synaesthesia in portraying them. The research interest therefore was not just to identify synaesthesia as a device but mainly to find out the contextual effects and how they may have helped to stimulate meaning in Remi Raji’s poetry. The poems studied were randomly selected and the method of analysis was qualitative. The conclusion of the paper is that the manifestation of synaesthesia in Remi Raji’s poems is by no means a fortition; rather, it has stylistic significance which aids the conveyance of the literary messages of the poet.
Stability Indicating UV-Spectrophotometric Method Development and its Validation for the Determination of Imatinib Mesylate in Bulk and Formulation
Authors: Sri R. Swetha , Soundarya Soundarya , Sri K. Bhavya , M. Sumakanth
Published: June 2022

A Simple and precise UV-spectroscopic method was developed for the determination of Imatinib Mesylate in its bulk and formulation. The developed method has been validated for various parameters like specificity, accuracy, linearity, robustness according to USP general chapter<1225> and ICH Q2R1 guidelines. Pure solution of Imatinib Mesylate was scanned in the whole range of UV region where it has shown the maximum absorbance at 258nm. The RSD values for method precision and intermediate precision were found to be well within the acceptance criteria and the series of dilutions were found to be linear (2-12ug/ml) where r2= 0.999 was the regression value. Limit of detection (0.2925μg/ml) and Limit of quantification (0.8977μg/ml) of IMT were established. Further, the drug has been subjected to various stress conditions, and percent degraded was reported. Drug solutions have shown stability on the benchtop for up to 8 hours and 72 hours when the solutions were refrigerated.
Enhancement of Dissolution profile of poorly water soluble drug using Water Soluble Carriers
Authors: S Manekar Snehal , L. Bakal Ravindra , S. Charde Manoj
Published: June 2022

Teneligliptin Hydrobromide is a long-acting, orally bioavailable, pyrolidone anti-diabetic activity with a solubility of 1.7mg/ml in water which also depends upon the pH and temperature of the solvent. So, Solid dispersion of drug with different polymers an attempt was made to improve dissolution of teneligliptin hydrobromide. The aim of this study was to prepare, characterize and compare solid dispersions of poorly water soluble anti diabetic drug by using PVP and HPMC for enhancing the dissolution rate of the drug. The solid dispersions were prepared by physical mixing method and kneading method at 1:1, 1:2 and 2:1 ratios of drug to polymer. The drug-excipient interaction study showed that the drug and polymers were compatible with each other. The formulations were evaluated for percent drug content, micromeritics and in-vitro dissolution studies. In the present study it was seen that there was an increase in in-vitro drug release for solid dispersion as compared to the pure drug taken alone. Based on the pattern of drug release, the kneading method showed more drug release as compared to physical mix method. In physical mix method, the rate of dissolution of teneligliptin hydrobromide was increased in teneligliptin and Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) with the proportion of (1:2) when compared to the other formulations. In kneading method, the rate of dissolution of teneligliptin hydrobromide was increased in drug and Hydroxypropylmethylcellulose (HPMC) with the proportion of (1:2) when compared to the other formulations. Finally, solid dispersion containing HPMC, as a carrier, gave faster dissolution rates among all the formulations and was selected as the optimized formulation inthis study.
Program Pemberdayaan Mahasiswa Melalui Bimbingan Teknis Penulisan Artikel Jurnal Ilmiah
Authors: Demitra Demitra , Sarjoko  , Pancarita
Published: June 2022

This program aims to provide knowledge and skills for students who are writing a thesis at the Mathematics Education Study Program, FKIP University of Palangka Raya. The achievement target is that students are able to write scientific articles on research results in their thesis. Partners and the target audiences are 16 students who are writing a thesis at the Mathematics Education Study Program, FKIP University of Palangka Raya. Technical guidance will be held for 3 days from 08–11 October 2021 online using the Google Meet platform. Activities carried out during the stages of socialization, technical guidance, clinical guidance, and evaluation of manuscripts. The evaluation of the manuscript uses the assessment sheet for the relevant scientific journal articles, and the scientific journal accreditation guide (Arjuna). The results of providing technical guidance are as follows. Of the 16 articles, there are 4 articles whose findings are adequate and contribute to the development of science and technology. There are 6 draft articles that have been made by students, which consist of 3 draft articles with all the sub-chapters written by students waiting for the final exam schedule. Almost all draft articles have not met an adequate number of references for a scientific journal article. While the other three are draft articles that have met the requirements to be submitted for publication in scientific journals.
A Study on the application of Smart Technology-Based VE Process Model for Construction Safety Management
Authors:   Form of Public Safety and Culture, Min Kyung Suk
Published: June 2022

This study was conducted on the applicability of the smart technology-based VE process model for the prevention of safety accidents. Through this, many people who have experience in performing VE in the construction industry can easily apply it in practice. And using smart technology suitable for the characteristics of the construction industry, effective safety management measures can be established at the construction site. In addition, it was possible to establish an effective safety management plan at the construction site by using smart technology suitable for the characteristics of the construction industry.
To accomplish this, theoretical matters were established through literature research on the Severe Disaster Punishment Act, smart technology safety management, and construction VE process model, and based on this, the applicability of smart technology-based VE process model for construction safety management was analyzed. To this end, smart technologies for construction safety management were selected for construction managers and construction project managers, and the applicability of the smart technologies for construction safety management selected here by VE stage was investigated, and the following conclusions were drawn.
Among the smart technologies that are mainly used in the construction industry, the technologies with a high impact in the safety management field were investigated in the order of drone, cloud, virtual augmented reality, big data, artificial intelligence, BIM, lifelogging, and robot automation technology. Drone technology enables active activities through real-time collection of a wide range of information, data collection through extensive physical access, target selection process, behavior, activity, and life survey and provision of visual information. Cloud technology increases reliability by collecting existing safety management information, sharing real-time information among VE team members, consulting and reviewing safety management experts, and reviewing vast amounts of information. Virtual augmented reality technology provides a virtual space experience, so it can collect specific past performance data, as well as collect VE goals, and at the same time organize safety accident-related performance data to provide information suitable for the purpose.
A Review on Violations of Child Rights in Parenting Entertainment TV Programs and Audience Responses
Authors:   Form of Public Safety and Culture, Kwon Hye Jin
Published: June 2022

Recently, parenting entertainment tv programs are gaining popularity and response from audience. Most audiences want to get help with childcare, learn the role of parenting, and have fun at the same time through parenting entertainment tv programs. Parenting entertainment programs are highly trusted by audiences due to their reality, and they affect on audiences’ parenting values, attitudes. Considering the impact and the influence of parenting entertainment tv program, it is necessary to explore to the respect for and protection of children's rights in parenting entertainment TV programs.
This study aims to enhance social awareness of child rights by examining the recognition of child rights in parenting entertainment tv programs, and to provide implications for the production of child-centered parenting entertainment tv programs. For this, content analysis was conducted by monitoring a total of 70 videos and audience’s responses on parenting entertainment tv programs posted on the YouTube account of the broadcasting company.
The study results were as follows: First, it was found that thumbnails and subtitles of parenting entertainment program videos are attribution-biased and infringe on child rights by caricatures of personality and behavior. This is an area that requires discussion of the appropriateness of children's developmental problems as a program with an entertainment format. Second, it was found that caricatures of children in parenting entertainment programs infringe on child right. This includes exposing the child's body, covering the child's face with food such as seaweed, adorning the child's dissatisfaction with adhesive tape, intentionally surprising the child with a hidden camera, and creating false discipline situations. Third, it was found that viewers' insulting comments about children appearing in parenting entertainment programs infringe on child right. This is an act that infringes on a child's privacy and does not consider the child safety. The insults of children are further reinforced as responses are induced and radicalized through “like” replies from third-party users to written comments. In view of the large social and cultural impact of childcare entertainment programs, child right and protection should be considered first in the media production process.
Based on the above research results, suggestion were made so that the parenting entertainment TV program could enhance the public's awareness and sensitivity of children's rights. Through follow-up research, it is expected that academic discourse on media and children's rights will be formed and active research will be conducted.
A Study on the Prevention of Hard Fraud in Automobiles: Centered on an Intentional Collision
Authors:   Form of Public Safety and Culture, Lee Dong Im
Published: June 2022

The main culprit of car hard fraud is using social media to recruit people through a legal method of recruiting part-time jobs and engaging them in crimes. Through this, criminals intentionally cause traffic accidents targeting vehicles that violate the law and acquire insurance and settlement money from the victim driver or insurance company. As a result, the purpose of the study is to present measures to prevent insurance leakage and increase insurance premiums for auto insurance subscribers.
The method of research is to identify the status and trend of insurance fraud by the Financial Supervisory Service, identify cases of auto-hard fraud based on Internet and domestic and foreign research data, and identify what measures insurers are taking to prevent damage to insurance fraud.
As a result of the study, car-hard fraud is causing an accident by intentionally colliding a vehicle that violates traffic laws. Through this, the high proportion of the victim drivers' negligence and the fact that the perpetrator claims to be a negligence accident are exploited by the insurance company. Insurance companies are responding by establishing a system that can detect habitual criminals, but it is less efficient in crime prediction and detection, and it seems that there is a limit for insurance companies to respond to and detect first-time criminals. Therefore, it was derived that it is possible to prevent insurance fraud only by preparing countermeasures through a more scientific and detailed approach.
In conclusion, car-hard fraud are becoming increasingly intelligent, and as a result, it is difficult to arrest criminals, so crimes are on a continuous increase. In order to eradicate such crimes, a control tower should be created under the Financial Supervisory Service to predict and arrest insurance fraud crimes. The first offender of a fraudulent crime using a car has a limit that cannot be arrested. Therefore, a detective system should be established to approach from the recruitment stage through social media, participate in crime execution, secure evidence, and request an investigation to an investigative agency. Car fraud criminals target vehicles that violate traffic laws, so if an accident occurs in violation of traffic laws, the driver is obligated to receive compliance education from the Korea Transportation Safety Authority, and The punishment regulations should be revised so that criminals can be reasonably punished.
Factors affecting of patient safety silence, safety motivation, faith in supervisor and communication satisfaction on the nurse’s willingness to report near miss
Authors:   Form of Public Safety and Culture, Kim Se Jin , Jung Kwuy Im
Published: June 2022

This study conducted to provide basic data on developing management and intervention strategies for improving near miss reporting in small and medium-sized hospitals by identifying the degree of willingness of nurses to report near miss and factors influencing their willingness to report such occurrences.
The participants were 205 nurses. who were recruited from the 4 small and medium-sized hospitals with more than 200 beds in K-city, Gyeongnam Province. The structured questionnaire was self-administered from June 20 to July 20, 2019. Data were analyzed through the SPSS/WIN 24.0 program using descriptive statistics, Independent t-test, one-way ANOVA, Scheffé test, Pearson’s correlation coefficient, and stepwise multiple regression.
According to the results of this study, The degree of participants’ willingness to report near miss was 73.41 out of 100 points. The degree of patient safety silence was 2.27 out of 5 points . The degree of the safety motivation was 3.22 out of 5 points . The degree of faith in supervisor was 4.01 out of 5 points . The degree of satisfaction with the organization's communication was 3.31 out of 5 points . The factor of patient safety motivation(β=.328, p<.001), patient safety silence(β=-.285, p<.001), and safety accident reporting procedure(β=.142, p=.021) were impact on the willingness to report the near-miss level of nurses. The total explanatory power accounted for 26.2%.
In conclusion, factors that affect the willingness of nurses to report near misses in small and medium-sized hospitals were safety motivation, patient safety silence, and safety accident reporting procedures. Therefore, in order to increase the willingness of nurses to report near miss in small and medium-sized hospitals, safety incentives should be enhanced through patient safety education, and communication training programs for individuals. Moreover, organizations should be applied to reduce patient safety silence. Additionally, the reporting procedure should be clarified and simplified so that nurses in small and medium-sized hospitals understand w the safety accident reporting procedure well and can access it easily.
Antiguidade em contexto
Authors: Bonfá Douglas Cerdeira , Matos Karolini Batzakas de Souza
Published: June 2022

Pensar o mundo antigo com olhos do presente sempre foi um desafio ao historiador. Por vezes, os antigos foram interpretados de modo arbitrário, usando-os como instrumento para confirmação e justificativa de um poder vigente. A antiguidade foi utilizada de maneira a exaltar governos tirânicos e autoritários. Nessa perspectiva, o presente artigo tem a intenção de pensar as análises teóricas propostas para o mundo antigo a partir da metodologia dos “Usos do passado”. A utilização do passado, posta como um problema de interpretação mensurada por uma disputa de poder, é aqui evidenciada e questionada. A partir das leituras sobre a antiguidade e do uso que dela é feita, nos posicionamos em favor de uma releitura do mundo antigo que busque repensar aspectos marginalizados e relativizar os discursos universais sobre os indivíduos.
Oikonomia na Zona da Mata
Authors: L'Estoile Benoît de
Published: June 2022

Nessa apresentação inédita, o autor explicita a gênese do artigo traduzido “Dinheiro é bom, mas um amigo é melhor”. Incerteza, orientação para o futuro e a “economia”, relacionando-o com sua experiência de pesquisa no Brasil.
“Dinheiro é bom, mas um amigo é melhor”
Authors: L'Estoile Benoît de
Published: June 2022

Com base em uma etnografia de longa duração focada em engenhos de cana-de-açúcar que se tornaram projetos de assentamento na Zona da Mata de Pernambuco, neste artigo eu questiono a evidência da “economia” como uma abordagem privilegiada para a compreensão da situação de vida dos pobres, a qual é estruturada pela precariedade e pela incerteza em relação ao futuro. Explorando a polissemia da palavra esperar (aguardar, ter esperança e expectar), o artigo analisa a pluralidade de orientações para o futuro de antigos trabalhadores assalariados das plantações de cana-de-açúcar incluídos em projetos de reforma agrária e suas estratégias para lidar com a incerteza. Embora o dinheiro seja desejável, ele tem um caráter transitório, e o valor dos amigos reside em seu potencial de ajuda, especialmente em casos de crise. Se a incerteza radical está fora do alcance humano, mobilizar amigos permite agir sobre a incerteza relativa.  Assim, a etnografia sugere que nos movamos para além de uma "antropologia econômica" que objetiva analisar "outras economias" e exploraremos os campos de oportunidades e os quadros de referência que estruturam situações de vida e as versões locais de oikonomia em seu sentido original de "governo da casa".
日臺災害防救之公私協力
Authors: 林淑馨 林淑馨
Published: June 2022

環境變動之速，讓政府在有限的資源下，要有效因應民眾對於生活品質與公共服務的要求變得更為棘手，政府欲最大化社會資源合理分配，公私協力為其中重要的參數之一。本合輯集結作者對日本公共治理的長期研究，深入剖析日本於民營化與公私協力的實際作為，期能作為國內研究與制定相關政策之參考。
COVID-19 Vaccine Policy as an Effort to Achieve National Herd Immunity in Indonesia
Authors: Juliani Henny , Wibawa Kadek Cahya Susila , . Solechan
Published: June 2022

Introduction: The rapid and extensive spread of COVID-19 has increased the number of confirmed cases even higher. The COVID-19 vaccine policy is one strategy for reducing COVID-19 spread by establishing a joint herd immunity pattern. The vaccine policy is one of the policies, along with the 3M and 3T policies. Objectives: This paper aimed to analyze the implementation of the COVID-19 vaccination policy to achieve herd immunity. Research Methodology: This research uses a normative method (qualitative) and descriptive-analytical (research specification). The choice of this method is based on the fact that this research examines the government’s policies and their impact on the achievement of national herd immunity. Conclusion: This study found that the COVID-19 vaccine policy was effective in encouraging people to get vaccinated immediately. The COVID-19 vaccine policy has achieved 94.71 percent coverage for dose I, 77.30 percent coverage for dose II, and 12.63 percent coverage for dose III. Herd immunity can be achieved if at least 70% of Indonesians have been vaccinated. Keywords: policy, vaccine, COVID-19; herd immunity.
Vitamin D Deficiency in Children/Adolescent Presenting with Night Time Legs Pain
Authors: Ahmed Naheem , Ahmed Kiran Ashfaq , Siddique Tayyaba , Ahmed Raja Imtiaz , Aftab Muhammad , Bibi Rashada
Published: June 2022

Objective: To determine the frequency of vitamin D deficiency in children/adolescent presenting with night time leg's pain at Sheikh Khalifa Bin Zayed Al Nahyan Hospital Ak CMH Muzaffarabad. Methodology: This was a cross-sectional study, which was conducted at the pediatric Department SKBZ/CMH Muzaffarabad, during six months from July 2021 to December 2021. All the adolescent children presented with leg's pain during sleep at night and both genders presenting at paediatric OPD were included. After obtaining informed consent, a 3ml blood ample was obtained from each case and immediately sent to the Hospital diagnostic laboratory to assess the vitamin D level. All demographic information, including vitamin levels, were documented via study proforma and SPSS version 26 was used to enter and analyze all of the data. Results: A total of 60 adolescent children who presented with leg's pain were studied to observe their vitamin D levels and their average age was 05.93+2.94 years. Out of all, 40 (66.7%) cases were males and 20 (33.3%) were females. Only two children were found with normal vitamin D level, and from all of the remaining 50.0% had vitamin D deficiency (<20 ng/mL) and 46.7% had insufficiency (20–30 ng/mL). Vitamin D deficiency was statistically significant according to age (p-0.006), whereas it was statistically insignificant according to gender (p-0.117). Conclusion: Vitamin D deficiency was observed to be higher among almost all the cases presented with leg's pain during the night. This was an alarming situation to our current generation. According to these findings, it is estimated that vitamin D deficiency increases with increasing age. Keywords: Vitamin D, deficiency, children, leg’s pain
Study of Lower Respiratory Tract Infections in Children in a Tertiary Care Hospital
Authors: Mehmood Tahir , . Kulsoom , . Rabia , . Wahid , Kalsoom Ume , Asghar Asma
Published: June 2022

Objective: This study was designed to evaluate the efficacy of ultrasound and chest Xray among children with low respiratory tract infection. Place and Duration: POF Hospital Wah Cantt from September2020 to June 2021 Study type: Case control study Methodology: Children diagnosed with symptoms of respiratory distress, persistent cough, prolonged fever, abnormal auscultatory findings, and acute wheezes were included. Chest X-ray of frontal view was performed in antero-posterior lie-down or posteroanterior upright view depending on the age of the patients. To avoid unnecessary radiations lateral radiographs were not performed.A chest X-ray was performed to report inflammatory infiltrate, pneumothorax, Interstitial infiltrates, and lung hyper expansion. Meanwhile, a sonography examination was performed to diagnose Small subpleural consolidations < 10 mm in diameter, Interstitial syndrome –B7 lines Results: All the patients reported cough however, the persistent cough was reported in 11% of cases. Regarding chest, x-ray current work found consolidation in 68% along with 20% interstitial infiltrates in pneumonia cases. Patients with bronchiolitis had interstitial infiltrates in 50% of cases and lung hyper-expansion in 20% of cases. Conclusion: Our results concluded that chest ultrasound has better sensitivity and specificity for the diagnosis of pneumonia and bronchiolitis than a chest X-ray. Ultrasound can easily detect the small consolidations and numerous B lines than chest X-ray. Hence, chest ultrasound can be used as an alternative method for diagnosing lower respiratory tract infection. Keywords: Lower respiratory tract infection, pneumonia, bronchitis, ultrasound, Chest X-ray
Outcome of Operative Versus Conservative Management of Humeral Shaft Fractures: A Longitudinal Study
Authors: Lakhani Sartaj , Jan Ghias Uddin , Ullah Mehtab , Keerio Niaz Hussain , Tago Imtiaz Ahmed , Zaur Zulfiqar Ali , Noor Syed Shahid
Published: June 2022

Aim: To compare the outcome of operative versus conservative management of humeral shaft fractures. Study design: A longitudinal study Place and Duration: This study was conducted at Civil Hospital Mithi District Tharparkar Pakistan from July 2020 to July 2021. Methodology: The study included 30 patients having humeral shaft fractures who were divided into two groups. One group was managed conservatively whereas the other was managed surgically. The patients were followed up for 1 year and the clinical and radiological examination was performed to assess the complications and clinical outcomes. Results: Most of the patients who have humeral fractures were because of roadside accidents. No significant differences were present in the time of union between both groups, similarly, elbow ROM at the fracture union was also not significantly different. However, malunion was more frequently observed in the conservatively managed group which was 12.7% as compared to the operative group which was 1.3%. Conclusion: No significant difference was observed in reference to the timing of union between the two groups. All humeral fractures need an assessment before opting the conservative or operative management depending upon patient expectations and characteristics of fractures. Keywords: humerus, fracture, operation, conservative management
Comparison of Corticosteroids Versus Platelet-Rich Plasma for the Treatment of Plantar Fasciitis: A longitudinal Study
Authors: Maheshwari Lachman Das , Younis Muhammad , Chandio Muhammad Shuaib , Bhatti Sajjad Hussain , Khalid Karim Syed Muhammad , Palh Hussain Bux , Keerio Niaz Hussain
Published: June 2022

Aim: To compare the effectiveness of corticosteroids therapy and platelet-rich plasma (PRP) therapy for the treatment of plantar fasciitis. Study design: A longitudinal study Place and Duration: This study was conducted at Liaquat University of Medical and Health Sciences Jamshoro Pakistan from June 2020 to June 2021 Methodology: A total of 120 participants were considered in the study. Participants were divided into two groups. Both groups consisted of 60 patients each. One group was treated with corticosteroids injection (n=60) and the other was treated with PRP (n=60). All the participants were assessed clinically at the time of induction of treatment, after six weeks of the treatment, and after six months of the treatment. The clinical assessment included the visual analog pain scale (VAS), Roles and Maudsley scoring, and the American Foot & Ankle Society (FAS). Results: A significant improvement in plantar fascia thickness, VAS, and AFAS was observed after the injection was given to the participants of both groups. The mean AFAS of the PRP group at 6th week was 84.6±4.8 and in the sixth month, it was 90.4±2.9. The value of AFAS of the corticosteroid group at 6th week was 75.3±4.7 and it was 80.1±4.2 in the sixth month. The mean value of VAS in the PRP group at the 6th week was 2.5±1 and at the 6th month was 1±0.7. Likewise, the value of VAS in the corticosteroid group at 6th week was 4±1.2 and at 6th week was 2.7±0.8. There were no complications in both groups. Conclusion: The corticosteroids injection and PRP injection have the same effectivity for the treatment of plantar fasciitis. Keywords: Plantar Fasciitis, PRP, Corticosteroids
Risk of Acute Ischemic Stroke in Covid-19 Patients
Authors: Islam Saleha , Ejaz Ahmed , Ammad Ahmed , Islam Muhammad Abdullah , Kanwal Asma , Islam Rabia
Published: June 2022

Objective: Research on large groups of COVID-19 patients in terms of risk factors for acute ischemic stroke, events that occur in the hospital, and outcome is lacking. Acute ischemic stroke frequency was determined in both COVID-19-positive and non-positive individuals. Those results were then compared to those of people who had an acute ischemic stroke but did not have COVID-19. Methods: Based on the Cerner COVID-19 collection of de-identified data from 5 healthcare facilities, we were able to do our analysis in the Institute of Public Health Sciences Lahore. No patients were left out of the experiment because they had a COVID-19-related discharge diagnosis or a confirmed COVID-19 infection. Results: Out of the 8163 people who took part in the COVID-19 study, 103 (1,3%) had an acute ischemic stroke. Risk factors for cardiovascular disease like high blood pressure and diabetes were found to be more common in people who had had an acute ischemic stroke than in the general population. After taking into account possible confounding factors, the risk of an acute ischemic stroke was found to be higher (relative risk: 2.0; 95 percent confidence interval (CI): 1.0–2.4; P0.0001). Ischemic strokes happened to most of the people who didn't get COVID-19 in the first three months. After taking into account other important factors, COVID-19 was linked to a 1.2 (95 percent CI: 1.0–1.3) relative risk of death or discharge to a place other than home for all ischemic stroke patients (P = 0.03). Conclusions: People in the COVID-19 cohort had a very low rate of acute ischemic stroke if they didn't have any other heart disease risks. In the COVID-19 study, people who had an acute ischemic stroke were twice as likely to have to go back to the hospital or die.
Pain after Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy: Effect of IntraperitonealInfiltration of Injection Bupivacaine
Authors: Mahar Abdul Khaliq , Malik Mujeebrehman , Habiba Umme , Khan Naveed Ali
Published: June 2022

Objective: The aim of this study is to determine the effectiveness of intraperitoneal bupivacaine in patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Study Design: Prospective randomized study Place and Duration: Study was conducted at the department of SurgeryDow University Hospital (Ojha), Karachi for duration of six months from May 2021 to October 2021. Methods: There were 70 patients of both genders were presented in this study. Adult patients above 16 years of age, ASA class 1 & 2, undergoing elective cholecystectomy were included in this study. Informed written consent was taken from all the patients for detailed demographics age, sex and body mass index. Patients were categorized into 2 groups. Group A had 36 patients and received 40 ml of intraperitoneal infiltration 0.25% Bupivacaine at Gall Bladder bed and Right Subphrenic space. Group B control group with 34 patients received no intraperitoneal Bupivacaine. Both groups received 20 ml of 0.25% Bupivacaine at ports site incisions. All patients were educated about the standard Visual Analogue Score (VAS) pain score of 0 – 10, during pre anaesthetic evaluation visit. SPSS 23.0 version was used to analyze data. Results: There were 28 (77.8%) females in group A and in group B females were 31 (91.2%). 43.55±13.93 years were the mean age in group A and in group B mean age was 39.94±11.54 years. Mean body mass index of group A was 26.14±13.41 kg/m2 and in group II mean BMI was 25.06±11.53 kg/m2. In group B close technique was used in 26 (72.2%) while in group B 24(70.6%) cases received closed technique. Post-operatively low pain score was observed in study group as compared to group B. Frequency of rescue analgesic was higher in group B as compared to group A. Conclusion: We concluded in this study that the use of intraperitoneal bupivacaine for laparoscopic cholecystectomy was significantly effective in terms of low pain and is an effective method for improving the quality of life within the early recovery period.
Outcome of Phacoemulsification and Extracapsular Cataract Extraction
Authors: Ahmad Fawad , Khan Mohammad Aamir , Nazeer Shahid , Khan Zubair Ullah , Arshad Muhammad Usman , Zia Sohail
Published: June 2022

Objective: Aim was to compare the visual results of patients who received ECCE and phacoemulsification for the treatment of age-related cataracts. Study Design: Prospective study Place and Duration: Conducted at Jinnah International Hospital during from Jan, 2021 to Dec, 2021. Methods:There were 130 patients of both genders presented for cataract surgery. Patients were aged between 35-75 years.When patients signed an informed permission form, demographic information such as age and sex were recorded. Patients were equally divided in two groups. Group I received phacoemulsification (phaco) cataract surgery and group II received conventional extracapsular cataract extraction. Intraoperative and post-operative complication among cases was assessed. At last follow up best corrected visual acuity was assessed and compared among both groups. SPSS 24.0 was used to analyze complete data. Results:Among 130 cases, majority of the cases 85 (65.4%) were males and 45 (34.6%) were females. 15 (11.5%) patients were aged between 35-45 years, 45 (34.6%) patients were aged between 46-55 years, 38 (29.2%) were aged between 56-6 years and 32 (24.6%) had age > 65years. Post-operative we found significantly good vision among patients of phaco group in 54 (83.1%) cases as compare to group II in 31 (47.7%) cases. Frequency of intraoperative complications was higher in group II 9 (13.8%) as compared to group I 3 (4.6%) cases. Post-operative complications in group I was corneal decompensation, high astigmatism and posterior capsule opacity but in group II high astigmatism and corneal decompensation were the complications. Conclusion:We came to the conclusion that the visual outcome was considerably better in the Phaco operation compared to the ECCE technique (p = 0.003). As a result, we advocate for the provision of Phaco equipment in hospitals that have sufficient capabilities for the performance of intraocular surgery. Keywords:PhacoemulsificationSurgery, Extracapsular cataract extraction, Complications, Vision Acuity
Relation Between Different Grade of Pterygium and Amount of Induced Corneal Astigmatism
Authors: Khan Mohammad Aamir , Ahmad Fawad , Bin Saleem Mohammad Khalid , Nazeer Shahid , Khan Zubair Ullah , Munir Muhammad Sajid
Published: June 2022

Objective: In the present study an attempt was made to assess the effect of pterygium excision on the induced astigmatism, and the relationship between the size of pterygium and the amount of astigmatism. Study Design: Cross-sectional study Place and Duration: Conducted at Jinnah International Hospital during from March 2021 - September 2021. Methods: There were fifty five patients of both genders were presented in this study. Patients were aged between 20-65 years. After obtaining informed written permission, we collected demographic data on all of the participants, including their age, gender, place of residence, and job title.All the included patients in this study had pterygium. The paired t-test was used to compare data from before and after surgery. One-way analysis of variance was used to compare preoperative astigmatism to the grade of pterygium. SPSS 24.0 was used to analyze all data. Results: Among 55 patients, 30 (54.5%) were males and 25 (45.5%) were females. Mean age of the patients was 35.9±15.45 years. There were 32 (58.2%) patients had urban residency and 23 (41.8%) cases had rural residency. Majority of the patients were outdoor workers 38 (69.1%). Majority of the eyes had grade II pterygia 24 (43.6%), 17 (30.9%) patients had grade III and 12 (21.8%) had grade IV pterygia and 2 (3.6%) had double headed pterygia. Pre-operative mean astigmatism in eyes with grade II was 3.43± 1.34D, in eyes of grade IIImean astigmatism was 4.83 ±1.62D and in eyes of grade IV 8.78±2.39D decreases to 1.5±2.18D, 1.56±3.61D and 5.11±4.32D. We found visual acuity same in 26 (47.3%) and improvement in 29 (52.7%) eyes from 0.50± 1.41 D to 1.1±0.56 D. Refractive cylinder was improved to 2.91±2.61D with p vale <0.003. Conclusion: In this study, we found that as the pterygium grows in size, so does the degree of induced astigmatism. A successful pterygium surgery lowers the astigmatism caused by the pterygium and enhances visual acuity. Keywords: Pterygium, Astigmatism, Visual acuity, Pterygia grades
Frequency of Hepatitis C in Patients with Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Ali Sara Shamshad , Ramiz Muhammad , Sarwar Almas , Munawar Rubab , Ali Adnan , Akram Madiha
Published: June 2022

Objective: The purpose of this study is to determine the prevalence of hepatitis C infection among patients of diabetes mellitus. Study Design: Cross-sectional/descriptive study Place and Duration: The study was conducted at Medicine department of Benazir Bhutto Hospital, Rawalpindi and Avicenna Teaching Hospital, Lahore during the period from July 2021 to December 2021. Methods: There were 130 patients of both genders had diabetes mellitus were presented in this study. Patients were aged between 25-70 years. Data on the recruited patients' age, gender, BMI, residence, and educational attainment were collected after informed written permission was obtained. Prevalence of hepatitis infection C was recorded by using ELISA (Enzyme Linked Immuno-Sorbent Assay) method. SPSS 24.0 was used to analyze complete data. Results: Among 130 patients of diabetes, 70 (53.8%) were females and 60 (46.2%) were males. Mean age of the patients was 39.45±15.74 years and had mean BMI 25.8±7.41 kg/m2. We found that majority of the cases were from rural areas 80 (61.5%) and 50 (38.5%) had urban residency. 58 (44.6%) patients were educated and 72 (55.4%) patients were uneducated. Frequency of hepatitis C was found among 40 (30.8%) patients. All patients of HCV had diabetes mellitus II and most the patients were females 25 (62.5%). Most of the patients 22 (55%) had glycemic value 180 mg/dl range. Among 40 cases of HCV 10 (25%) were aged between 25-35 years, 22 (55%) were aged between 36-45 years and 8 (20%) had ages >45 years. Increased level of Serum Glutamic -Pyruvic Transaminase (SGPT) was found in 32 (80%) patients. Conclusion: We concluded in this study that the frequency of HCV infection was found among 30.8% patients most probably found among cases of diabetes mellitus II. Keywords: Diabetes Mellitus, Hepatitis C, SGPT
Comparison of Outcome of Conventional Miniplates Versus 3-D Miniplates for Reduction of Mandibular Fractures
Authors: Hassnain Tazeem Ul , Hussain Umer , Abbas Wajiha , Khan Muhammad Athar , Khan Muhammad Azeem , Hashmi Muhammad Junaid
Published: June 2022

Background: Mandibular fracture, also known as fracture of the jaw, is a sudden discontinuity through the mandibular bone. In the treatment of un-favorable mandibular angle fractures, 3D plating system was analogous to double miniplates Osteosynthesis. Over the last century, the indicators for closed vs. open reduction have shifted considerably. Objective: To compare the outcome of conventional miniplates versus 3-D miniplates for reduction of mandibular fractures Material & Methods Study Design: It was randomized control trial Setting: Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, Mayo Hospital, Lahore Duration: 6 months i.e. from 24-04-2017 to 24-10-2017 Data collection: 70 mandibular fracture patients were enrolled. The patients were split into two groups. Group A is treated with 3D plates technique and group B treated with conventional mini plate technique. After surgery patients were evaluated for plate failure or and at 1 month for occlusal discrepancy. All the data was entered and put in SPSS version 21. Results: In this study the mean age of the group A patients was 29.29±1.802 years whereas the mean value of age in group B patients was 35.69±11.65 years, male/female ratio of the patients was 1.05:1. Plate was successfully inserted in 100% patients by 3D mini-plate technique. The occlusal discrepancy was noted in 8(11.43%) patients (p-value=0.005). Conclusion: 3-D mini-plates for reduction of mandibular fractures is significantly more efficacious than to conventional mini-plates method Keywords: 3-D mini-plates, Conventional, Mandibular Fractures,
Impact of a Family-Based Educational Intervention on Knowledge, Attitudes, and Burden of Alzheimer's Caregivers
Authors: Khalil Amal Ibrahim , Hantira Neama Yousef
Published: June 2022

Background: Family caregivers always encounter high levels of psychological distress and physical strain when caring for a person with dementia. Family-based intervention is an important option for providing effective and practical support. The study aimed to examine the effects of a specific educational intervention on improving Alzheimer's caregivers' knowledge and attitudes and explore how it reduces their subjective burdens. Material and Methods: A quasi-experimental research design was used with a purposive sample of 80 Alzheimer caregivers recruited conveniently from the Geriatric Society Association located at Almontazahat District, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. To achieve the objectives of the current study 4 tools were used including demographic and personal data, Alzheimer's Disease Knowledge Scale (ADKS), The Dementia Attitudes Scale, and the burden scale of caregivers. Validity and reliability of the tools were confirmed and Cronbach's alpha of the Dementia Attitudes Scale was 0.87 and Cronbach's alpha of the burden scale of caregivers 0.941. Results: the age of the studied subjects ranged from 20 to 60 years with a mean of 35.6±12.2 years. the studied subject's knowledge level and attitudes were improved post-intervention than before. These differences were statistically significant (t: 108.008, P:<0.001). While, the studied subject's disease burden level was decreased post-intervention than before These differences were statistically significant (t: 8.378, P:<0.001). There is a weak positive significant relation between the studied subject's knowledge level and attitude regarding dementia (r:0.286, P:0.010). Whereas there is no correlation noted between knowledge level and caregiver burden with no statistical significance (r: -.048, P: 0.674). Conclusion and recommendation: the findings concluded that the studied subject's knowledge, attitude, and burden level were improved post-intervention than before with statistically significant differences. Therefore, it is recommended to develop a well-planned and structured educational program should be undertaken to improve the level of awareness and contribute to a better understanding of AD and dementia. Keywords: Alzheimer's burden, caregivers' attitudes, families, intervention, knowledge.
Frequency and Risk Factors of Anemia Among Adult Female Population of District Swat Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Pakistan
Authors: Ullah Naeem , Qazi Nadia , Ijaz Bushra , Darwesh Nizam Muhammad , Khan Zahid , Ishtiaq Muhammad
Published: June 2022

Background: Globally, anemia is the most common problem and affecting approximately 15 to 30% of adult population and the most common nutritional deficiency worldwide. According to WHO, anemia is more prevalent in children and women and too many etiological factors are responsible for its causation. The main objective was to assess the frequency and risk factors of anemia among the adult female population in District Swat Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Pakistan. Material and Methods: A descriptive cross sectional study was conducted from June to December 2021, in the district Swat, in which n=211 female individuals were selected through simple random sampling technique of age 18 years and above. Woman was termed as anemic if the HB level is below 10gm/ dl. A structured questionnaire was used to collect data and analyzed by SPSS version 19.0 and finally the results were presented in form of tables. Results: The results showed that 29.86% of adult female populations in the study populations were found anemic. 54.50% were married, 56.40% had monthly income less than 25000 PKR pm, 22.27% were housewives, 17.54% were illiterate, 21.33% had 3 or more children, and 15.17% were under-weight. Moreover, 63.98%, 43.60%, 21.33%, and 62.08% had history of iron supplements intake, had history of acute and chronic infections, had single food intake per day and less or equal to two time meat intake per week respectively. Conclusions: It was concluded that anemia among female adults had mild to moderate frequency and showed relationship with marital status, number of children, socioeconomic determinants, history of iron intake, acute and chronic diseases; and frequency of food and meat intake per day and week respectively, and thus health education and awareness services were needed to prevent and control anemia among the female adults. Keywords: Anemia, Female, Risk Factor, Illiterate, Iron Intake, Meat, Swat.
Prevalence and Risk Factors of Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease Among the Study Population: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Taqqi Anwar Sheikh Muhammad , Ali Mohsin , Samejo Khadim Hussain , Abbasi Hyder Wajid , Ahmed Nazeer , . Nadeem
Published: June 2022

Aim: To determine the prevelance and risk factors of gastroesophageal reflux disease among the study population Study design: A cross-sectional study Place and Duration: This study was conducted at Poonch Medical College Rawalakot AJK Pakistan from January 2020 to January 2021. Methodology: This study was conducted on a sample size of 302 people utilizing a researcher-created checklist and questionnaire. The survey was made available on the internet. The data was analyzed using SPSS version 22, which comprised the Chi-square test and descriptive statistics. Questions about increased pain intensity, food intake or not, and other signs and symptoms of reflux and factors that could increase chances of risk such as drinking coffee, smoking, spicy food, certain types of drugs, and alcohol were determined. We also inquired as to whether any investigations had been conducted. Results: The cumulative prevalence of GERD among the individuals was 61.7 percent. Significant discomfort was seen in 12 percent of the cases. Furthermore, 61.7% reported lack of appetite, 55.8% indigestion, 57% nausea and vomiting, 55.5% food regurgitation, and 41.5% chest discomfort as an associated symptom. The primary risk factors discovered were coffee consumption in 77.5%, spicy food in 58.0%, smoking in 17.1% fatty meals in 84.8%, NSAD in 24.5%, and stress in 71% participants. There was no significant difference in the occurrence of GERD based on educational level, age, employment status, marital status, or gender. Conclusion: The percentage of gastroesophageal reflux disease (61.7 percent) was extremely high. Spicy foods, coffee use, fatty meals, smoking and stress were identified as factors that increased risk. Endoscopic investigations on a population basis are advised. Keywords: gastroesophageal reflux disease, adults, spicy food, prevalence