bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Efeitos de 16 semanas do método pilates mat sobre o equilíbrio, marcha, mobilidade funcional e força de idosas, 60-79 anos
Authors: Nascimento Marcelo De Maio , Silva Paloma Sthefane Teles , Oliveira Lucas Vinícius Ferreira Vieira de
Published: May 2019

Objetivo: Avaliar os efeitos de 16 semanas de prática do método Pilates Mate sobre o desempenho em testes de flexibilidade, marcha, mobilidade funcional, equilíbrio e força de membros inferiores de um grupo de idosas. Método: Estudo do tipo quase experimental, realizado com 48 mulheres (67,43±5,55 anos), divididas em GP: Grupo Pilates (n=34) e GC: Grupo Controle (n=14). Os instrumentos aplicados foram: TAF= Teste de Alcance Funcional; TUG= Time Up and Go; TUGm= Time Up and Go (motor); TUGc= Time Up and Go (cognitivo); DGI= Dynamic Gait Index; TEC= Teste de Equilíbrio Corporal; TSL-30seg.= Teste de Sentar e Levantar; FSST= Four-Square Step Test. Resultados: Após 16 semanas de treinamento, verificou-se melhora significativa do desempenho do GP nos testes TAF, TEC e FSST (p≤0,05), com tamanho de efeito médio (d= 0,300). Conclusão: O programa Pilates Mate foi efetivo à ampliação dos níveis de flexibilidade, equilíbrio estático e dinâmico, bem como a mobilidade funcional. Contudo, o treinamento não se mostrou eficaz à melhora do desempenho da marcha em condição de dupla tarefa e força de membros inferiores.
Os efeitos da histerectomia sobre o aumento de peso na mulher
Authors: Melo Ely Cecília Gomes Souza , Carvalho Rita de Cássia Avelino Fleury e , Santana Stefani Catarina Gois
Published: May 2019

Para a mulher, as intervenções cirúrgicas ginecológicas revestem-se de aspectos peculiares, tendo impactos negativos a diferentes níveis, desde físico até emocionais. No que tange a imagem corporal, entre outras complicações, após o procedimento encontra-se distensão abdominal, ganho de peso e aumento do risco de sobrepeso e obesidade. Este estudo objetivou identificar a relação entre a remoção cirúrgica do útero e o aumento de peso nas mulheres histerectomizadas. Trata-se de um estudo descritivo, observacional, realizado no período de março a junho de 2018, no qual mulheres histerectomizadas presentes numa instituição filantrópica que presta serviços na área de saúde da mulher, na cidade de Aracaju, Sergipe, foram submetidas a uma entrevista que questiona sobre alterações no peso e na imagem corporal após o procedimento. Posteriormente todos os dados foram transferidos para uma planilha no Microsoft Excel para análise estatística. Evidenciou-se que 77% (n=43) das 56 participantes negaram o reconhecimento de modificações negativas após a realização da histerectomia. Em relação ao provável aumento de peso após a cirurgia, 50% (n=28) afirmou haver um aumento significativo no seu peso, no entanto, 46% (n=26) das entrevistadas não relacionaram a remoção cirúrgica do útero com alterações no peso.
Aproximación metodológica al aborto desde una perspectiva sociosubjetiva
Authors: Espada Benito Adrián
Published: May 2019

Este artículo desarrolla una propuesta de investigación sobre el aborto desde una perspectiva sociosubjetiva y centrada en el análisis de discursos. Su estructura está compuesta por tres partes: 1º) Se exponen las líneas generales de aproximación al fenómeno del aborto, en tanto que fenómeno que implica a una pluralidad de dimensiones de lo social y que tiene una serie de "propiedades" históricas definibles. 2º) Se explicita, con mayor detalle, en qué consiste la propuesta sociosubjetiva al aborto y cuál es su lugar y relevancia en relación con otras aproximaciones al mismo. 3º) Se ofrece una propuesta metodológica de aproximación apoyada en el análisis del discurso y articulada a través de la elaboración de “espacios de puntos de vista” y entrevistas abiertas. Asimismo, se tratan de determinar, de manera más específica, algunas cuestiones de importante consideración en torno a la metodología concreta a desarrollar en el proceso práctico de investigación.This article develops a research proposal on abortion from a socio-subjective perspective and focused on the analysis of discourses. Its structure is composed of three parts: 1st) The general lines of approach to the phenomenon of abortion are exposed, as a phenomenon that involves a plurality of social dimensions and that has a series of definable historical "properties". 2nd) It is made explicit, in greater detail, what is the subjective proposal of abortion and what is its place and relevance in relation to other approaches to it. 3rd) A methodological proposal of approach supported by discourse analysis and articulated through the elaboration of “spaces of points of view” and non-directive interviews is offered. Likewise, some questions of important consideration regarding the specific methodology to be developed in the practical research process are determined more concretely.
A pureza de coração e a caridade perfeita: a espiritualidade dos monges do deserto segundo João Cassiano
Authors: Kirchner Renato , Amadeu Robison Moreli
Published: May 2019

O presente artigo coloca-se como objetivo acompanhar e entender a espiritualidade desenvolvida e vivida pelos monges do deserto. Nossa escolha recai sobre os escritos de João Cassiano, na medida em que desempenhou uma forte influência na tradição monástica posterior, particularmente no que diz respeito aos exercícios espirituais praticados pelos monges do deserto. Nas práticas necessárias para se alcançar o estado de pureza almejado pelos monges, é fundamental compreender a temática da oração que, sob diversas maneiras, desempenhou uma importância no desenvolvimento espiritual monástico e os caminhos que levavam os monges a almejar a pureza do coração e a caridade perfeita. Também procuraremos fazer uma releitura da apropriação de escritores contemporâneos sobre a espiritualidade do deserto, particularmente de Anselm Grün e Henri Nouwen.
Teologia, Ética e Sociedade: reflexões sobre o bem-viver a partir da antropologia filosófica de Paul Ricoeur
Authors: Nobre José Aguiar
Published: May 2019

A contemporaneidade é uma época propícia para se discutir a distinção entre o justo e obom. Entende-se que essa distinção está diretamente vinculada às relações intrínsecas do Estado secular, muitas vezes indiferente ao cuidado com a justiça social, cujasconsequências ceifam vidas, ora de forma velada, ora desveladamente, contrariandoassim a teologia da criação. Esta é inteiramente soteriológica e não poderá jamais secontentar com o estado de deterioração humana. É da natureza das sociedades democráticas relacionar várias concepções atreladas à ética do bem viver, circunscritasao bom e ao bem, dentro de uma mesma sociedade. Essa relação muitas vezes emintersecção invisível está ligada à necessidade cristã de reivindicar uma situação justapara todos. Defende-se que cada um deverá perseguir o seu próprio bem, o seu próprio sentido de bem, cultivando o entendimento de que a condição para isso é o bem dacoletividade. Naturalmente, as comunidades diferentes têm concepções divergentes de bem e de bom, no entanto, precisam conviver numa mesma sociedade e aí reside a problemática: como atingir o bem-viver garantindo a justiça para todos? Indaga-se: oque é afinal o “bem-viver”, segundo o pensamento de Paul Ricoeur? Atrelada à estaindagação vem a pergunta pelos seus caminhos, a saber: quais os caminhos para a genuína efetivação do bem-viver? Hipoteticamente entende-se que o bem viver se atingequando o ser humano está bem consigo mesmo, com os outros e atuando, civilizadamente, nas instituições justas em prol da vida digna em comunidade.
Decolonizando os Direitos Humanos
Authors: Cunha Carlos Alberto Motta
Published: May 2019

“Se hoje dizemos que outro mundo é possível [...] não tenho dúvidas de que é essencial partir sempre dos Direitos Humanos”, afirma Franz Hinkelammert. Acolhemos a orientação de Hinkelammert e avançamos para os Direitos da Natureza e Direitos Indígenas como um esforço de decolonizar a própria gramática dos Direitos Humanos. Este é o nosso objetivo. Neste esforço não priorizamos demonstrar os conceitos do pensamento decolonial, mas já incluí-los de forma crítica nas interpelações feitas sobre o resgate do valor da vida dos Direitos Humanos. O nosso percurso consiste em uma breve genealogia dos Direitos Humanos expondo as suas contribuições e os seus limites para, nos momentos seguintes, dar voz de direito à Natureza e aos povos originários, os indígenas, como as maiores vítimas de um sistema-mundo injusto. Ser uma só voz com os oprimidos deveria ser a meta das religiões e suas teologias, em que o conhecimento desemboca em ações concretas de transformação.
Teologia e direitos humanos: reflexões a partir do pensamento de Giorgio Agamben
Authors: Carvalho Osiel Lourenço
Published: May 2019

O presente artigo discutirá as intersecções entre teologia e direitos humanos no Estado moderno a partir do pensamento do filósofo italiano Giorgio Agamben, que propõe uma discussão daquilo que chamou de genealogia teológica das teorias democráticas na contemporaneidade. Agamben recorre principalmente a categorias teológicas e míticas cristãs do período medieval e analisa a presença delas nas estruturas governamentais e no poder soberano da modernidade. Para tratar dos paradigmas teológicos, Agamben dialoga com Carl Schmitt, para quem as doutrinas que constituem o estado moderno são conceitos teológicos secularizados. Ao contrário do que disse Max Weber, o desencantamento do mundo não gerou uma desteologização na modernidade, pois mesmo que esteja no subterrâneo das ideias políticas, a teologia ainda prossegue atuante no mundo com impactos no campo do biopoder e dos direitos humanos.
The Impact of Oenological Means on Glycerol Content in Montenegrin Wines Vranac and Kratošija
Authors: Radonjić Sanja , Maraš Vesna , Kodžulović Vesna , Jug Tjaša , Košmerl Tatjana
Published: May 2019

The influence of three different commercial yeasts (BDX, BM4X4 and ICV D21) and two different lactic acid bacteria (LAB), on glycerol content in Montenegrin wines Vranac and Kratošija were studied during 2012 vintage. Basic quality parameters of grape must (sugar content, total acidity, pH, tartaric and malic acid) were determined, as well as glycerol content after alcoholic and malolactic fermentation. It was found that within both wines, the highest content of glycerol was reached when BDX yeast was used. There were no significant differences within glycerol content when different LAB was used. In Kratošija wine glycerol content for BDX treatment varied between 9.02 – 9.09 g L-1, while in Vranac wine varied from 8.88 – 8.95 g L-1. Slightly higher glycerol content in wines with BM4X4 and ICV D21 commercial yeast were achieved also in Kratošija wine.
Variability of Number of Spikes per Unit Area and Grain Yield Effected by Different Sowing Densities оf Winter Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)
Authors: Kondić Danijela , Bajić Maja , Hajder Đurađ , Knežević Desimir
Published: May 2019

The sowing density of wheat is important for expression of number of spikes per unit area, grain yield as well as other yield components. The aim of this work is investigation of variability of grain yield and number of spikes per unit area influenced by different sowing densities under different environmental conditions. Three wheat genotypes NS 40, Prima and Nova Bosanka were studied at seven different sowing densities (384, 424, 451, 504, 544, 588 and 604 seeds m-2) with four replications on experimental plot of one m2 on field experiment in agro‒ecological conditions of Banja Luka during two successive growing seasons. In all studied wheat cultivars, the lowest number of spikes m-2 and the lowest grain yield were found on variant of lowest sowing density (384 seeds m-2), while the highest number of spikes m-2 and the highest grain yield were found on variant of 588 seeds m-2 in both years. The wheat genotype NS 40S had the highest number of spikes m-2, while Nova Bosanka had the lowest at all variants of sowing densities in both years. Mainly, at all variants of sowing densities, the highest values of analyzed traits were expressed in first year of experimental investigation. Depending of year and variant of sowing density the highest grain yield were found in NS 40 and Prima, while the lowest grain yield had Nova Bosanka in both years of experiment. In general, the recommended wheat sowing rates should be confirmed in the specific area of production and for the specific genotype.
God is Dead, Long Live DNA
Authors: Mićić Nikola , Mićić Bogdana
Published: May 2019

Science was created in an effort of people to survive in given circumstances and to explain their existence to themselves, mainly by proving that God is the creator of all life . Today we know that all living things have a common denominator, DNA. Without DNA there is no life. All life forms, i.e. substantive content of life, can be broken down into individual components and their functions, which will ultimately always lead us to DNA molecule. Therefore, we undoubtedly know that all life is based on a code written in DNA molecule.
Vegetative Behaviors of the Linden (Tilia spp.) Seedlings
Authors: Panchev Valentin , Ivanova Valeria
Published: May 2019

The main goal of this study was to investigate the morphological development of the seedlings of Tilia spp. The experiments were carried out with seeds from three Tilia species. The seeds were harvested from trees in the region of Plovdiv on 30, 45, 60, 75 and 90 days after flowering. The seeds were sown in soil bed immediately after collecting. The sprouting percentage and percentage of developed and survived seedlings were recorded. In a 3-4 leaves development stage, the morphological characteristics of root, stem and leaves were determined. The seedlings have only developed from 90 days seeds. The differences between species were observed. The highest stem was measured in Tilia tomentosa Moench. The largest root system was developed in the seedlings of Tilia platyphyllos Scop. The seed propagation of linden is most effective by using 90 day old seeds.
Current Status and Future Prospects of Organic Cereal Production in the World
Authors: Popović Aleksandar , Golijan Jelena , Sečanski Mile , Čamdžija Zoran
Published: May 2019

The aim of organic agriculture is production of high quality food, which will contribute to human health, nature protection and conservation of the overall ecosystem. Globally, cereals are the most organically grown crop (3.3 million ha). The greatest production takes place on the European continent. The most cultivated species are as follows: wheat, maize, rice, barley, oat, sorghum, millet, triticale and buckwheat. China and USA are global leaders in cereal production in the organic system. Organic cereal production in the Republic of Serbia has a primary role and is performed on the area of 4251.94 ha. The majority of this production is done in the region of Vojvodina. According to obtained scientific results, nutritive value, and especially with a view to the status and requirements of the market, cereal production is extremely actual. Moreover, due to unlimited possibilities and market requirements, cereal production is a great challenge to agricultural producers.
Possibilities for Sustainable Rural Tourism Development in Bosnia and Herzegovina
Authors: Demirović Dunja , Radosavac Adriana
Published: May 2019

Rural areas in Bosnia and Herzegovina include more than 80% of the country's territory and are inhabited by more than half of the population. In order to preserve the natural environment, traditions and customs, rural tourism is developing and rural areas are getting active for tourism purposes. The authors analyze the current state of rural tourism in the territory of Bosnia and Herzegovina and provide recommendations for its sustainable development. The analysis shows that the basic problems that could slow down the development of rural tourism are: lack of incentives for the development and improvement of the state and government institutions, lack of subsidies for young people who want to live and work in the countryside, inability to use quality land for non-agricultural purposes, lack of defined standards for rural development and underdevelopment of infrastructure.
The Evaluation of Master Theses in MATLAB Software Tool: Fuzzy Approach Makes Sense
Authors: Hajder Đurađ
Published: May 2019

The aim of conducted investigation was to evaluate defined objectives, presented materials and methods and interpretation of results in student’s master theses in order to assess their scientific contribution. Firstly, evaluation was performed by using the traditional methodology and fuzzy evaluation was then conducted in a Fuzzy Logic Toolbox. Obtained values from two levels of evaluation were generally compared. Results indicate that fulfilment of defined criteria of evaluation is moderate. Evaluation mark in classical approach was higher in most cases but fuzzy approach showed some advantages. The criteria fulfilment for the logical-mathematical argumentation, as a prerequisite for the analysis of scientific results, showed its paramount importance in the process of classical and fuzzy evaluation as well.
Concentration of Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium in Sorghum Plants Grown at Different Levels of Nitrogen Nutrition
Authors: Kostadinova Svetla , Todorov Zivko , Velinov Ivan
Published: May 2019

The pot experiment was conducted in a greenhouse to study the effect of nitrogen nutrition of 0, 200, 400, 600 and 800 mg N.kg-1 soil on the concentration of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in sorghum plants. The plants were analyzed in 4-5 leaves growth stage by dividing the leaves, stems and roots. It was established that the sorghum plants formed the largest amount of dry biomass when grown at N600 level. Higher levels (N600 and N800) increased the nitrogen content of stems and roots and phosphorus in all plant parts, but they significantly reduced the nitrogen concentration in the leaves. The concentration of potassium in the leaves and stems increased in parallel with the levels of nitrogen from 3.64% K2O and 4.02% K2O at N0 to 4.42% K2O and 5.03% K2O at N800, respectively. The nitrogen level very strongly positively correlated with the nitrogen concentration of roots (r = 0.927**) and the potassium concentration of leaves (r = 0.993**) and stems (r = 0.985**). The relationship between nitrogen fertilization and the nitrogen concentration of leaves was negative (r = - 0.535*). The positive and proven relationship was established between the nitrogen level and the phosphorus concentration of plant organs.
The Influence of Late Treatment with Antibroadleaved Herbicides during Stem Elongation Stage of Durum Wheat on Sowing Characteristics of Seeds
Authors: Delchev Grozi
Published: May 2019

The aim of this investigation was to establish the changes of sowing properties of durum wheat seeds and the quantity of waste grain due to the influence of 20 antibroadleaved herbicides, which were applied during the 1st, the 2nd, and the 3rd stem node stages of durum wheat. During the 1st stem node stage of durum wheat none of the herbicides included in the investigation had negative effect on sowing characteristics of durum wheat seeds. During the 2nd and the 3rd stem node stages of durum wheat herbicides such as Arat, Biathlon, Derby super, Mustang, Secator, Lintur, Akurat, and Akurat extra can be used in seed production crops of durum wheat. During the 1st stem node stage of durum wheat the antibroadleaved herbicides Arat, Biathlon, Derby super, Mustang, Weedmaster, Secator, Lintur, Akurat, Akurat extra, Eagle, Starane, Sanafen, Dicotex, and Herby can be used. These herbicides do not have negative influence on grain yield. During the 2nd stem node stage of durum wheat the herbicides Arat, Biathlon, Derby super, Mustang, Secator, Lintur, Akurat, Akurat extra, Starane, Dicotex, and Herby can be used. During the 3rd stem node stage of durum wheat only the herbicides Arat, Biathlon, Derby super, Secator, Lintur, Akurat, Akurat extra, and Starane can be used.
Technological Characteristics of the Vranac and Cabernet Sauvignon Grapevine Varieties in the Conditions of the Trebinje Vineyards
Authors: Banjanin Tijana , Ranković-Vasić Zorica , Matijašević Saša
Published: May 2019

The aim of this paper is to present technological characteristics of the Vranac and Cabernet Sauvignon grapevine varieties in the conditions of the Trebinje vineyards during the vegetation in 2016 and 2017. Researching technological characteristics includes mechanical compounds of grapes and berries as well as the quality of grapes and berries (sugar, total acid content in the must and pH). Bunch weight, the number of berries on a bunch, the weight of 100 berries, the weight of 100 berries flesh, the weight of berries skin as well as the weight of 100 berries seeds were higher for both varieties in 2017. The bunch weight of Vranac was higher in 2016, and for Cabernet Sauvignon in 2017. Sugar content and acid content were higher in the must of the Vranac variety in 2016, while its pH value did not vary. The sugar content of the Cabernet Sauvignon variety was the same in both examined years, the content of acids was higher in 2016, while the pH value was higher in 2017.
The Effect of Environmental Cooling Rate and Temperature-Humidity Index on the Milk Yield of Holstein Cattle on a Specific Farm
Authors: Navrátil Stanislav , Benešovský Matěj , Falta Daniel
Published: May 2019

The objective of this work was to assess the effect of environmental cooling rate and temperature-humidity index on the milk yield of Holstein cattle on a specific farm. The experiment took place at a university farm (South Moravia) in the summer of 2017 and lasted over one month. The cows with the highest production have been chosen for this study since these cows have been suspected to be affected by heat stress more than the low-producing ones. The Environmental cooling rate (ECR) was measured by Hill´s thermometer and later calculated according to a formula. The temperature-humidity index (THI) was calculated from temperature and humidity data obtained by a data logger placed in the stable. Milk yield data were obtained directly from the milk parlour. The results show that the ECR is in a weak positive relationship (r= 0.07) with the milk yield. On the contrary, the THI showed moderate negative relation to the milk yield (r= -0.14).
Whole genome sequencing of a novel, dichloromethane-fermenting Peptococcaceae from an enrichment culture
Authors: Holland Sophie I , Edwards Richard J , Ertan Haluk , Wong Yie Kuan , Russell Tonia L , Deshpande Nandan P , Manefield Michael , Lee Matthew J
Published: May 2019

Bacteria capable of dechlorinating the toxic environmental contaminant dichloromethane (DCM, CH2Cl2) are of great interest for potential bioremediation applications. A novel, strictly anaerobic, DCM-fermenting bacterium, "DCMF", was enriched from organochlorine-contaminated groundwater near Botany Bay, Australia. The enrichment culture was maintained in minimal, mineral salt medium amended with dichloromethane as the sole energy source. PacBio whole genome SMRTTM sequencing of DCMF allowed de novo, gap-free assembly despite the presence of cohabiting organisms in the culture. Illumina sequencing reads were utilised to correct minor indels. The single, circularised 6.44 Mb chromosome was annotated with the IMG pipeline and contains 5,773 predicted protein-coding genes. Based on 16S rRNA gene and predicted proteome phylogeny, the organism appears to be a novel member of the Peptococcaceae family. The DCMF genome is large in comparison to known DCM-fermenting bacteria and includes 96 predicted methylamine methyltransferases, which may provide clues to the basis of its DCM metabolism. Full annotation has been provided in a custom genome browser and search tool, in addition to multiple sequence alignments and phylogenetic trees for every predicted protein, available at http://www.slimsuite.unsw.edu.au/research/dcmf/.
Evaluation of niche adaptation features by genome data mining approach of Escherichia coli urinary and gastrointestinal strains
Authors: Paim Thiago GS , Sambrano Gustavo E , Reiter Keli C , Sant'Anna Fernando H , Soares Renata , Mott Mariana , Cibulski Samuel P , d'Azevedo Pedro A
Published: May 2019

Background. Urinary Tract Infections (UTIs) are among most common infections in humans. The vast majority are caused by Escherichia coli, occasionally responsible for severe clinical manifestations. Although the species frequently adheres and colonizes the bladder mucosa, its reservoir is the host gastrointestinal tract. Therefore, the study was designed to evaluate genomic features for niche adaptation of urinary and gastrointestinal strains of E. coli by data mining approach.

Results. In the E. coli strains, the repertoire of genes was higher than those found in previous studies, and the majority of genes associated to primary metabolism did not depend of bacteria niche, with exception of cell cycle-division, cell motility and secondary metabolite metabolism. Urinary tract isolates of E. coli had great density of virulence and resistance genes carried by prophages.

Conclusion. The urinary and gastrointestinal strains of E. coli evaluated in the study presented an open pan-genome, with groups of functional annotation genes associated to specific niches. In addition, gastrointestinal isolates of E. coli were demonstrated as important reservoir of resistance genes.
AN INSIGHT INTO MATERNAL DEATH CAUSED BY POSTPARTUM HEMORRHAGE IN WESTERN TIMOR, INDONESIA
Authors: Tauho Kristiani Desimina , Karwur Ferry Fredy
Published: May 2019

Maternal deaths in Timor Island, East Nusa Tenggara Province, are one of the contributors to the overall maternal mortality rate (MMR) of Indonesia. The MMR of Western Timor Island was 150/100,000 live births in 2015. The aim of this qualitative study was to explore the perceived causes of maternal death due to postpartum hemorrhage. Data were obtained from family members, traditional birth attendants, and Posyandu cadres, as well as health providers. Using the retrospective method, this study traced six out of nine postpartum hemorrhage cases in the four sub-districts with the highest maternal death rate in 2010. The research findings showed that most childbirth processes were done at home without any help from health workers. Postpartum hemorrhage happened among women ranging from 24-42 years old; five among them had been pregnant more than four times. Medically, five cases were caused by a prolonged third stage of labor due to a retained placenta. Non-medical factors causing postpartum hemorrhage were poor accessibility, lack of communication devices, and lack of infrastructure.  Keywords: maternal death, postpartum hemorrhage, Western Timor Abstrak Pengetahuan Tentang Kematian Maternal Karena Perdarahan Postpartum di Timor Barat, Indonesia. Kematian maternal di Pulau Timor, Provinsi Nusa Tenggara Timur, merupakan salah satu penyumbang Angka Kematian Ibu (AKI) di Indonesia. Tahun 2015, AKI di Pulau Timor bagian barat adalah sebesar 150/100.000 kelahiran hidup. Tujuan dari studi kualitatif ini adalah untuk mengeksplorasi persepsi para pihak yang paling mengetahui mengenai penyebab kematian maternal karena perdarahan postpartum. Data diberikan oleh anggota keluarga, dukun bersalin, dan kader Posyandu, serta penyedia layanan. Menggunakan metode retrospektif, penelitian ini menyusur enam dari sembilan kasus perdarahan postpartum yang terjadi di empat kecamatan yang memiliki angka kematian maternal tertinggi pada tahun 2010. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sebagian besar prosedur persalinan dilakukan di rumah tanpa bantuan dari tenaga kesehatan. Perdarahan postpartum terjadi di antara wanita dengan rentang umur 24–42 tahun; empat di antara mereka sudah pernah hamil sebanyak lebih dari empat kali. Secara medis, lima kasus disebabkan oleh perpanjangan kala tiga persalinan berhubungan dengan retensi plasenta. Faktor- faktor non medis yang menyebabkan perdarahan posrpartum adalah aksesibilitas yang buruk, ketiadaan piranti komunikasi, dan kurangnya infrastruktur. Kata kunci: kematian ibu, perdarahan postpartum, Timor Barat
Computational mechanisms of curiosity and goal-directed exploration
Authors: Schwartenbeck Philipp , Passecker Johannes , Hauser Tobias U , FitzGerald Thomas HB , Kronbichler Martin , Friston Karl J
Published: May 2019

Successful behaviour depends on the right balance between maximising reward and soliciting information about the world. Here, we show how different types of information-gain emerge when casting behaviour as surprise minimisation. We present two distinct mechanisms for goal-directed exploration that express separable profiles of active sampling to reduce uncertainty. ‘Hidden state’ exploration motivates agents to sample unambiguous observations to accurately infer the (hidden) state of the world. Conversely, ‘model parameter’ exploration, compels agents to sample outcomes associated with high uncertainty, if they are informative for their representation of the task structure. We illustrate the emergence of these types of information-gain, termed active inference and active learning, and show how these forms of exploration induce distinct patterns of ‘Bayes-optimal’ behaviour. Our findings provide a computational framework for understanding how distinct levels of uncertainty systematically affect the exploration-exploitation trade-off in decision-making.
Critical role for Piccolo in synaptic vesicle retrieval
Authors: Ackermann Frauke , Schink Kay Oliver , Bruns Christine , Izsvák Zsuzsanna , Hamra F Kent , Rosenmund Christian , Garner Craig Curtis
Published: May 2019

Loss of function of the active zone protein Piccolo has recently been linked to a disease, Pontocerebellar Hypoplasia type 3, which causes brain atrophy. Here, we address how Piccolo inactivation in rat neurons adversely affects synaptic function and thus may contribute to neuronal loss. Our analysis shows that Piccolo is critical for the recycling and maintenance of synaptic vesicles. We find that boutons lacking Piccolo have deficits in the Rab5/EEA1 dependent formation of early endosomes and thus the recycling of SVs. Mechanistically, impaired Rab5 function was caused by reduced synaptic recruitment of Pra1, known to interact selectively with the zinc finger domains of Piccolo. Importantly, over-expression of GTPase deficient Rab5 or the Znf1 domain of Piccolo restores the size and recycling of SV pools. These data provide a molecular link between the active zone and endosome sorting at synapses providing hints to how Piccolo contributes to developmental and psychiatric disorders.
Response of Bioactive Phytochemicals in Vegetables and Fruits to Environmental Factors
Authors: Xu Jingwen , Su Xiaoyu , Li Yonghui , Sun Xiuzhi , Wang Donghai , Wang Weiqun
Published: May 2019

This review focused on the influence of environmental systems and/or factors including high tunnel, UV and visible light, fertilization, and irrigation on bioactive compounds in vegetables and fruits. Most studies reported that high tunnel reduced chicoric acid and luteolin in vegetables including lettuce and pac choi, and fruits including raspberry and tomato versus open field, although a few studies demonstrated that high tunnel did not significantly impact on the bioactive compounds. Light including UV such as photosynthetically active radiation (PAR), UV-A, and UV-B, and visible light especially red and blue light, significantly stimulated biosynthesis of anthocyanins, flavonoids, and phenolics, and promoted their contents in vegetables such as onion and spinach, and fruits for example blueberry and strawberry. The effect of fertilization including nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium on bioactive phytochemicals (carotenoids, flavonoids, polyphenols) in vegetables (broccoli, kale) or fruits (tomato) varied among the cultivars. Water deficit usually increased anthocyanins, flavonoids, and phenolic acids in vegetables such as lettuce and red beet, and fruits including grape and pomegranate. Taken together, the bioactive compounds in vegetables and fruits in response to environmental factors were species- and varieties- dependent. The negative effect of environmental factors on bioactive compounds in vegetables and fruits can be overcome by selecting appropriate cultivars, while the positive effect can be further manipulated in horticultural production for potential consumer’s health benefits.
Pattern of Drug Abuse among Adolescents in Lokoja Metropolis of Kogi State, Nigeria
Authors: Otorkpa Oche Joseph
Published: May 2019

Background: Adolescence is characterized by thrill-seeking and looking for new experiences which are often accompanied with experimentation with substance use and testing boundaries with its attendant consequences.

Aim: The aim of this study is to provide an overview of the prevalence levels, pattern and types of abused substances in Lokoja metropolis and provide valuable information for stakeholders.

Study Design: This was a cross-sectional, descriptive study carried out among adolescents In Lokoja Metropolis of Kogi State, Nigeria.

Place and Duration of Study: The study was carried out in Lokoja, Kogi State, Nigeria from June to September 2018.

Methodology: A questionnaire-based study using a simple random sampling method to select respondents.

Results: A total of one hundred and sixty four questionnaires were administered after assent from the respondents and signed consent from parents or guardians. The respondents who were made up of  90 males and 74 females, 44 respondents fell between the age category of 10-13, 38 and 82 respondents fell within the categories of 14-16 and 17- 19 respectively. Of these respondents, 5 were educated to primary school level, 129 to secondary level, 27 of them to tertiary level and 3 of them had no formal education at all. The use of illicit drugs appeared to be increasing with age, for male respondent, 6.9% for ages 10-13, 14.2% for ages 14-16 and 32.5% for ages 17 to 19, among the female respondents same pattern was observed 0%, 11.76% and 11.9 % respectively for the same age categories. Furthermore, the use of illicit drug was more prevalent in males than in females, the prevalence rate for males was 20% and 9.46% in females. Overall, peer pressure was found to have the most influence among adolescents who use illicit substances and marijuana was found to be the most abused drug by adolescents in the metropolis, 46.67% in males, and 32.43% in females. However, the rate of abuse of codeine and non-codeine based cough syrups among females was also found to be higher and almost at par with marijuana 31.08%. Although there was a significant statistical relationship between age and drug abuse in males with a p-value of 0.024151 at p < 0.05, the relationship was not significant among females.

Conclusion: The abuse of marijuana being the most abused drug by adolescents in the metropolis, 46.67% in males, and 32.43% in females in addition to the abuse of new substances especially the high rate of codeine and non-codeine based cough syrups among females is an important finding with far reaching public health consequences. There is the need for increased awareness on the harmful physical, mental and social effects of substance abuse and stricter enforcement of drug laws and regulations to protect adolescents.
Evaluation of the impact of a social media–focused intervention on reducing mental health stigma among pharmacy students
Authors: Douglass Mark , Moy Benjamin
Published: May 2019

Introduction

Stigma may negatively affect the treatment of people with mental illness, and pharmacists have the opportunity to play a key role in reducing mental health stigma. The purpose of this study was to determine whether a pharmacy student–focused educational intervention impacts stigma toward people with mental illness.

Methods

A 90-minute interactive learning module, which used social media and fictional case scenarios, was developed and administered to third-year pharmacy students (n = 145) during small group class sessions. The Opening Minds Stigma Scale for Health Care Providers (OMS-HC), a validated tool to measure stigma, was administered immediately before and after the intervention. Pre-post OMS-HC scores were analyzed using related samples t tests.

Results

A total of 93 presurvey and postsurvey OMS-HC scores were paired and analyzed. Based on the 15-item version of the scale, stigma was significantly reduced, consistent with a score reduction of 4.6%, from 36.8 (95% confidence interval, 35.4-38.1) to 35.1 (95% confidence interval, 33.8-36.3), P < .0001.

Discussion

Educational interventions for pharmacy students that use social media applications might reduce mental health stigma. After the intervention, most participants believed that stigma impacts the treatment of mental illness, and that pharmacists may play a role in changing mental health stigma.
Donepezil-induced QTc prolongation: A case report
Authors: Vogel Samantha M. , Mican Lisa M. , Smith Tawny L.
Published: May 2019

Background

Several psychoactive medications are known to cause QTc prolongation. Patient factors also increase the risk for QTc prolongation, including bradycardia, female sex, older age, metabolic abnormalities, and polypharmacy. Donepezil, a cholinesterase inhibitor, prolongs the QTc interval through a multimodal mechanism.

Patient History

A 26-year-old African American female was admitted to the inpatient psychiatric hospital following a suicide attempt that was not an overdose. Past medical history was significant for major depression, traumatic brain injury, seizures, hemiplegia, gastroesophageal reflux disease, and tachycardia. Two baseline electrocardiograms (EKGs) were obtained showing normal QTc intervals. After several weeks, donepezil (5 mg by mouth once daily) was initiated for cognitive rehabilitation and titrated over 3 weeks to a dose of 20 mg. An EKG performed after the last dose change showed a prolonged QTc of 463 ms. Another follow-up EKG performed 9 days later showed further prolongation to 528 ms. Laboratory values were within normal limits during her hospital stay. Donepezil was discontinued completely, leading to normalization of the QTc interval.

Discussion

QTc prolongation and torsades de pointes have been identified in postmarketing case reports of donepezil. Instances of QTc prolongation have predominantly been documented in the geriatric population, primarily in those with additional risk factors. Additionally, current literature does not support the use of donepezil for neurocognitive rehabilitation in daily doses exceeding 10 mg. A temporal and causal relationship was observed between the initiation and titration of donepezil and development of QTc prolongation.
Flubromazolam overdose: A review of a new designer benzodiazepine and the role of flumazenil
Authors: Bohnenberger Kristin , Liu Mei T.
Published: May 2019

Designer products, a term referring to analogs of known chemical compounds with no established medical use, represent an easily accessible alternative to prescription-only products. During the past decade, designer benzodiazepines have become widely available on the online forums. Although these agents offer individuals an inexpensive and accessible alternative to prescription-only products, they are not without risk. Because of the lack of federally enforced quality standards, these designer products come with an intrinsic risk of unpredictable and potentially toxic adverse effects. This article presents a 36-year-old male with prolonged bradycardia resulting from the use of flubromazolam, a designer benzodiazepine purchased from the Internet. A PubMed search was conducted for flubromazolam, designer benzodiazepine, and flumazenil. This article will summarize the available literature regarding flubromazolam and the role of flumazenil in managing these overdoses.
Electrical Impedance Tomography
Authors: Adler Andy , Boyle Alistair
Published: May 2019

Electrical impedance tomography (EIT) is a medical imaging technique that uses electrical stimulations and measurements at body‐surface electrodes. From these data, images of the distribution of conductivity within the body are calculated by solving an inverse problem. EIT has the advantage of producing high temporal resolution data, while being relatively low cost, noninvasive, small, and not using ionizing radiation. On the other hand, EIT has disadvantages in providing low spatial resolution and being sensitive to changes at the electrodes. EIT is currently being used clinically for monitoring of ventilated patients and is also being actively researched for applications such as cardiovascular flows and pressures, brain and nervous activity, cancer screening, and monitoring of gastrointestinal flows. EIT is similar to the electrical resistance tomography used in geophysical and process monitoring. This article reviews EIT from the point of view of its applications as well as image generation and interpretation.
Power Amplifier Supply Modulators
Authors: Wolff Nikolai , Bengtsson Olof
Published: May 2019

RF power amplifiers (PAs) are used in mobile communication networks for the amplification of the modulated RF signals. Linear RF PAs suffer from severe efficiency degradation if the output power is reduced and the PA is operated at power back‐off.

Dynamic control of the RF PA supply voltage, that is, supply modulation, is an effective method to increase the PA efficiency at reduced output power. The variable supply voltage is generated by the so‐called supply modulator. Designing of such modulators is a challenging task since a large bandwidth in combination with high output power is required. Several topologies for supply modulators have been developed in the past and intensively optimized. This article gives an overview of the available topologies, the challenges with each topology, and the performance of the systems.
A new mouse model for noninvasive fluorescence‐based monitoring of mitochondrial UCP1 expression
Authors: Kawarasaki Satoko , Kuwata Hidetoshi , Sawazaki Honami , Sakamoto Tomoya , Nitta Takahiro , Kim Chuu‐Sook , Jheng Huei‐Fen , Takahashi Haruya , Nomura Wataru , Ara Takeshi , Takahashi Nobuyuki , Tomita Koichi , Yu Rina , Kawada Teruo , Goto Tsuyoshi
Published: May 2019

Mitochondrial uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) is well known for its thermogenic function in brown adipose tissue (BAT). Since UCP1 expends energy on thermogenesis, UCP1 activation has been considered an approach to ameliorate obesity. As a tool for uncovering yet unknown mechanisms of UCP1 activation, we generated a transgenic mouse model in which UCP1 expression levels are reflected in fluorescence derived from monomeric red fluorescent protein 1 (mRFP1). In these UCP1‐mRFP1 BAC transgenic mice, fluorescence intensity mimics the change in UCP1 expression levels evoked through physiological or pharmacological stimulation. This transgenic mouse model will be useful in the search for bioactive compounds with the ability to induce UCP1 and for revealing undiscovered mechanisms of BAT activation.
Boomerang Effects
Authors: Cannon Julie S. , Byrne Sahara
Published: May 2019

When effective, media literacy interventions can provide participants with the tools and understanding to defend themselves against the negative effects of media. However, on occasion media literacy interventions are not just ineffective, but potentially harmful. Boomerang effects, or the inverse of the desired outcome, are important to report and understand so that harm can be avoided among future intervention participants.
Communication
Authors: López Antonio
Published: May 2019

The concept of communication has been culturally constructed over time according to prevailing beliefs about the nature of media, technology, and society. Originally communication was associated with the idea of commons and commonness, but in the 19th century it took on the meaning of transportation and transmission. The 20th century was heavily influenced by the transmission model of communication, but with the emergence of interactive media, communication has taken on different meanings. Because the concept of communication is often taken for granted, it has implications for teaching media literacy.
Media Literacy Foundations
Authors: Hobbs Renee
Published: May 2019

The concept of media literacy refers to the set of knowledge, skills, and habits of mind required for full participation in a contemporary media‐saturated society. Typically associated with the ability to access, analyze, evaluate, and create messages in a wide variety of forms, the concept of media literacy continues to morph and change as a result of rapid changes in digital media, mass media, social media, popular culture, and society. Contributing to distinctive approaches and perspectives is the rise of a community of scholars and practitioners who conceptualize media literacy as an expansion of literacy, as a form of advocacy or as a social movement, as a specialized academic field, or as a set of pedagogical practices that involve the media and technology. Media literacy has entered the education and cultural system in four distinct ways: as an expanded form of literacy; as an intervention designed to address potential harms of media exposure; as an approach designed to integrate digital technology into education; and as a dimension of global citizenship. Today media literacy initiatives occur in many nations; and it is evident that differences in cultural values, press freedoms, media systems, education structures, education policy, and media technology all shape the specific direction, goals, implementation, and assessment of media literacy initiatives.
European Perspectives on Media Literacy
Authors: Tornero José Manuel Pérez , Becerra Tomás Durán
Published: May 2019

This entry describes different processes that have taken place in the European Union (EU) relevant to the consolidation of a European approach to media literacy (ML). It explores the roles of policymakers, researchers, and general stakeholders in the process of consolidation and definition of this common framework on ML. The entry shows the different actions and legislative developments that have contributed to the generalization of the concept and the acceptance of its importance within the EU.
Family Strategies for Managing Media in the Home
Authors: Mendoza Kelly
Published: May 2019

Parents and caregivers use different parental mediation strategies to help guide their kids' media use to restrict, supervise, or interpret media with children. These parent mediation strategies serve to protect children from negative media effects, but also to empower them as consumers and creators in the digital world. The largest bodies of research have explored TV and Internet mediation, with active mediation being the most promising strategy parents can use to help children interpret and critically think about media.
Game Design in Media Literacy Education
Authors: Reynolds Rebecca B.
Published: May 2019

Interactive games are one of the most popular and engaging media forms in use today. Scholars of gaming and learning have identified game play, production, design, and development as activities that merit the application of “literacy” perspectives. Game design as a constructive project for students has potential to enrich media literacy endeavors, allowing broadening of a learner's media production work to include more complex digital design and computer programming, along with conceptualization and application of interactivity. With the array of knowledge domains represented in game design, it may be a particularly efficient, albeit complex, vehicle for the delivery of a comprehensive form of media literacy instruction—one that incorporates computational thinking, a growing priority in the STEM educational agenda adopted by many policymakers. This encyclopedia entry highlights game design pedagogy for its strong potential in building critical media and digital content creation dispositions, practices, and understandings in today's students, toward a “social constructivist digital literacy.”