bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
TikTok and Online Dating: A Social Media Analysis of Emerging Patterns
Authors: Balcioglu Yavuz Selim , Cerasi Ceren Cubukcu
Published: January 2025

Internet dating is becoming a more common practice in modern societies and social media plays an important role in shaping social interactions and cultural discourse. In this study, TikTok data will be analyzed to explore the online dating potential of TikTok users in Turkey. The study highlights the importance of understanding communication strategies on social media, especially in the context of dating and relationships. Using a structured methodology, it was aimed to gain a comprehensive understanding of how TikTok is used in the context of dating in Turkey, investigating both content creation patterns and audience participation in these topics. The findings show that dating and interpersonal relationships on TikTok are not just personal; they are deeply connected to cultural norms, societal expectations, and digital communication trends. The study provides valuable information for the development of communication strategies on social media, especially focusing on dating and interpersonal relationships. In conclusion, this study underlines the need to further investigate the relationship between social media and interpersonal communication, especially in the context of evolving digital environments.
Dual‐protein system composed of soy protein and β‐lactoglobulin: effect of transglutaminase‐mediated crosslinking on its allergenicity and conformation
Authors: Xing Guangliang , Liu Jia , Tang Ruyi , Hui Tianran
Published: January 2025

BACKGROUND

The escalating global prevalence of food allergies has intensified the need for hypoallergenic food products. Transglutaminase (TGase)‐mediated crosslinking has garnered significant attention for its potential to reduce the allergenicity of food proteins. This study aimed to investigate the effects of TGase crosslinking on the potential allergenicity and conformational changes in a dual‐protein system composed of β‐lactoglobulin (β‐LG) and soy protein isolate (SPI) at varying mass ratios (10:0, 7:3, 5:5, 3:7 and 0:10 (w/w)).

RESULTS

TGase preferentially crosslinked the 7S and 11S subunits of soy protein, rather than β‐LG. Crosslinking treatment reduced the allergenic potential of both soy protein and β‐LG, with the degree of reduction depending on the protein ratio. The β‐LG5:SPI5 and β‐LG7:SPI3 mixtures showed the most significant reduction in antibody reactivity towards soy protein and β‐LG, respectively. Additionally, TGase‐mediated crosslinking significantly reduced the binding capacity of all dual‐protein samples to serum immunoglobulin E from allergic patients, compared to the control group (P < 0.05). The allergenicity reduction was accompanied by structural modifications, including a decrease in β‐sheet content, an increase in β‐turn and random coil structures, enhanced ultraviolet absorption and intrinsic fluorescence, reduced free sulfhydryl levels and altered intermolecular forces. These changes suggest that TGase‐induced crosslinking may disrupt or mask allergenic epitopes, thus lowering allergenicity.

CONCLUSION

TGase crosslinking effectively reduced the allergenic potential of the dual‐protein system by inducing structural changes. These findings underscore the potential of TGase in developing hypoallergenic dual‐protein food products and provide a scientific foundation for future research and application in the food industry. © 2025 Society of Chemical Industry.
Antithrombotic use in retinal artery occlusion: A narrative review
Authors: Liu Wan‐Yu , Tang Yun‐Hsin , Chen Yi‐Hsing
Published: January 2025

Retinal artery occlusion (RAO) is a critical ophthalmic emergency with a high risk of significant visual impairment. While traditional treatment aims to promptly restore blood flow to the retina, recent research has investigated the potential benefits of anticoagulation therapy for managing this condition. This paper reviews current literature and clinical trials investigating the efficacy and safety of anticoagulant and antiplatelet therapies, such as systemic heparinization and direct oral anticoagulants and aspirin, in treating RAO. The mechanism of action involves preventing thrombus propagation and platelet aggregation to promote microvascular circulation, potentially mitigating ischemic damage and improving visual outcomes. However, controversies exist regarding the optimal timing, duration, and selection of antithrombotic agents due to the risk of hemorrhagic complications. Further large‐scale prospective studies are warranted to establish evidence‐based guidelines for incorporating antithrombotic into the standard management of RAO. This paper underscores the evolving landscape of antithrombotic therapy as a promising adjunctive treatment strategy in the management of retinal artery occlusion.
Consequences of Land Utilization, Agriculture and Water to Handle the Food Security Issues
Authors: Sarwar Suleman
Published: January 2025

The study focuses on the intricate dynamic of agricultural value‐added, water reservoir management, and food security in the United States between 1980 and 2021. The importance of agricultural value‐added in food security is examined in this study, which adds to the current literature. Furthermore, the study examines how food security is impacted by economic growth, land use, innovation, and efficient water management. According to the findings, the enhancement of food security is significant due to increased agricultural productivity, driven by value‐added practices, and robust water reservoir management. The study demonstrates the connection between economic growth and better food security, emphasizing the significance of sustainable economic policies. Efficient land use and technological innovations in agriculture can be used to ensure food supply stability. The research has revealed that water reservoirs have a moderating effect, demonstrating their significance in sustaining agricultural productivity and value‐added activities. These insights are crucial for policymakers and practitioners, suggesting that a holistic approach, integrating economic, agricultural, and environmental strategies, is essential for addressing the multifaceted challenges of food security in the United States. A contemporary perspective is provided through the study's time frame, reflecting recent trends and policy implications in food security.
Featured Front Cover
Authors: Koenig Xavier G. H. , Deenapanray Prakash N. K. , Weber Jean‐Louis , Rakotondraompiana Solofo , Ramihangihajason Tony Arison
Published: January 2025

The cover image is based on the article Are Neutrality Targets Alone Sufficient for Protecting Nature? Learning From Land Cover Change and Land Degradation Neutrality Targets in Mauritius by Xavier Koenig et al., https://doi.org/10.1002/ldr.5359.

image
Synthesis and Characterization of DOPO Modified Tetraglycidyl Eugenol Cyclic Siloxane Resins Cured with Tannic Acid
Authors: Senanayake Rusheni B. , Gan Houlei , Liu Dan , Basnayake Asanka P. , Heitzmann Michael T. , Varley Russell J.
Published: January 2025

In this work, a tetra glycidyl eugenol cyclic siloxane resin (TGED4) is synthesized, then further modified with 9,10‐dihydro‐9‐oxa‐10‐phosphaphenathrene‐10‐oxide (DOPO) to produce Si and P epoxy resins. After blending with diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A (DGEBA) and curing with tannic acid (TA), high performance, fire‐retardant polymer networks are created. Near infrared spectroscopy (NIR) confirms the networks are highly cured and have low extractable content, while dynamic mechanical thermal analysis (DMTA) displays a lower Tg and heterogeneous network with increasing DOPO. The networks display a maximum improvement in flexural modulus, strength, and strain to failure of 20.6%, 55.5%, and 78.8% respectively, and at 65.4 MPa strength and 2.8 GPa modulus are comparable to high‐performance networks. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) shows that increasing P reduces thermal stability, but contributes to higher char yield despite lower Si. The fire retardancy improve markedly measured via limiting oxygen index (LOI), increasing from 26.5% to a maximum of 35.5%, while V‐0 behavior is readily achieved at the lowest DOPO content. Cone colorimetry further reduces peak heat release rate (PHHR) and total heat release rate (THHR) by 28% and 42%. This work presents hybrid bio‐derived epoxy resins with excellent fire retardancy and good mechanical properties.
Selection of carbon particles with different shape, size and concentration as additives in a stereolithographic resin
Authors: Dietrich D. , Förster W. , Eßbach C. , Neumann P. , Nickel D.
Published: January 2025

Stereolithography (SLA) as one of the additive manufacturing processes provides new approaches towards high design flexibility and fast prototyping. In the last years, the variety of different resins is highly enhanced towards polymers that meet high requirements – mechanical, optical and thermal properties as well as electroconductivity. To our knowledge, direct electroplating is not investigated so far. The aim of our work is the development of a composite material that is able to be processed by stereolithography and that provides the electroconductivity for direct electroplating. Direct electroplating highly improves the process of electroplating on polymers because of less process steps and the avoidance of toxic chemicals. With regard to material efficiency and saving resources, direct electroplating may be more environmental than the established industrial process of electroplating on polymers. A commercially available synthetic resin is our base material. Electroconductive filler are graphitic particles with different shapes and sizes. By varying the additives content, the effects on homogeneity and viscosity of the composite resin, its hardenability and the electrical resistance of the manufactured samples are investigated.
Mechanical properties of rotary friction and gas tungsten arc welded aa6061 weldments subjected to equal channel angular pressing
Authors: Balasubramanian M. , Sadasivan N.
Published: January 2025

Metal joining can perhaps be said as one of the most indispensable manufacturing processes, with applications across a variety of engineering streams ranging from automobile to day‐to‐day construction activities. The conventional techniques primarily rely on melting the two joining surfaces and solidifying them to create a fresh cast joint. Though the plates being welded are wrought the joints inevitably are cast and hence result in heterogenous mechanical properties between the base metal. In alloy systems with eutectic phase, the high heat input involved in melting the joining surfaces often degrades the strength of the material in the vicinity of the weldment resulting in the formation of a heat‐affected zone. In the welding of heat‐treatable aluminium alloys, heat‐affected zone degradation is often the weakest point of the welded sample The mechanical properties of a weldment can be improved by extensive plastic deformation. Studies show that such strengthening of AA6061 alloys is a combined influence of the grain refinement of the primary matrix as well as the redistribution of the secondary eutectic phase. Weldments fabricated by gas tungsten arc welding and rotary friction welding were subjected to severe plastic deformation, and the effects were studied. Improved mechanical properties thereby providing an alternative solution to post‐weld heat treatment were observed.
Bifurcation and Chaos Control of Mixed Rayleigh‐LiéNard Oscillator With Two Periodic Excitations and Mixed Delays
Authors: Zhao Hongzhen , Li Jing , Zhu Shaotao , Zhang Yufeng , Sun Bo
Published: January 2025

This paper investigates the bifurcation, chaos, and active control of a mixed Rayleigh‐Liénard oscillator with mixed time delays. First, the effects of system parameters on the supercritical pitchfork bifurcations are discussed in detail by applying the fast‐slow separation method. Second, it is rigorously proved by the Melnikov method that chaotic vibration exists when the parameters of the uncontrolled system are selected above the threshold of chaos occurrence. By fine‐tuning the system parameters, a criterion for designing the control parameters to make the Melnikov function non‐zero is derived. In addition, the routes to chaos in controlled system are explored by bifurcation diagrams, largest Lyapunov exponents, phase portraits, Poincaré maps, basins of attraction, frequency spectra, and displacement time series. The results indicate that by properly adjusting the displacement feedback coefficient and the amplitude of parameter excitation, the chaotic motion caused by increasing of the amplitude of external excitation and strength of distributed time delay can be effectively suppressed. This research result can provide theoretical support for exploring the potential chaotic motion of other types of oscillators.
Existence of Solutions for a Class of Volterra Integral Equations on Time Scales
Authors: Salih Ramadan Wafaa , Georgiev Svetlin G. , Al‐Hayani Waleed
Published: January 2025

In this paper, we investigate a class of Volterra integral equations for existence of global classical solutions. We give conditions under which the considered equations have at least one and at least two classical solutions. To prove our main results, we propose a new approach based upon recent theoretical results. More precisely, we give a suitable integral representation of the solutions of the considered Volterra integral equation. Then, we construct two operators for which any fixed point of their sum is a solution of the considered Volterra integral equation.
Relative Controllability of Fractional Dynamical Systems With a Delay in State and Multiple Delays in Control
Authors: Aydin Mustafa , Mahmudov Nazim I.
Published: January 2025

This work is devoted to the study of the relative controllability of fractional dynamic systems in finite‐dimensional spaces with a state delay and multiple delays in control. For linear systems to be relatively controllable, necessary and sufficient conditions are determined by defining and using the Gramian matrix. The controllability conditions for semilinear systems are determined on the basis of Schauder's fixed point theorem.
Numerical Study on Soil‐Arching Behavior in Pile‐Supported Embankments With Pile Settlement by Developed Damping Spring‐Based Trapdoor Model
Authors: Zhou Jie , Zhang Ling , Peng Wenzhe , Xu Zeyu , Zhou Shuai , Wu Gaoqiao
Published: January 2025

Soil arching is one of the main mechanisms for load transfer in pile‐supported embankments, and the soil arching evolution patterns varied significantly depending on fill heights, pile spacings, pile stiffness, and soil stiffness. However, research on the effect of pile settlement on soil arching is relatively scarce, and most studies still use the traditional trapdoor test with a fixed arch foot to examine the soil arching. Therefore, this study establishes numerical models of a damping spring‐based trapdoor that considers pile settlement, and through 52 sets of spring‐based trapdoor tests and 1 set of reference tests, it systematically investigates the effects of various factors such as pile–soil stiffness ratio, fill height, and pile spacing on the soil arching under pile settlement conditions. The research results show that reducing the pile–soil stiffness ratio will reduce differential settlement between piles and soil, but it will exacerbate overall settlement. The stiffness ratio has a significant impact on soil arching: appropriately reducing the pile–soil stiffness ratio will help to recover fill deformation and suppress the formation of passive soil arch; increasing the stiffness ratio will enhance the stability of the soil arching. In addition, when the soft soil stiffness ks is low, pile settlement helps to enhance the soil arching, and the enhancement effect becomes more significant with an increase in fill height H and pile spacing S/a. When ks is high, pile settlement weakens the soil arching, which intensifies with an increase in fill height but weakens with an increase in S/a.
Integration of Robust Control and Multi‐Objective Metaheuristic Optimization for Improved Stability and Tracking Performance of WIP Systems
Authors: Saleh Radhwan A. A. , Alqudsi Yunes , Makaraci Murat , Metin Ertunc Huseyin
Published: January 2025

The Wheeled Inverted Pendulum (WIP) system presents a challenging control problem in the field of control systems due to its inherent instability, non‐linearity, multivariable nature, and under actuation. This paper introduces a novel framework that integrates a robust combined control algorithm with the Inverted Pendulum Multi‐objective Optimization (IPMO) algorithm to improve the stability and tracking performance of WIP systems. The robust control algorithm combines Time‐Varying Sliding Mode Control (TVSMC), Exponential Reaching Law (ERL), and Non‐linear Feedback Control (NFC) to mitigate chattering and enhance stability. The IPMO algorithm utilizes a Solutions Validity Table (SVT) to balance exploration and exploitation in the search for optimal controller parameters. By optimizing the controller parameters, the aim is to minimize tracking errors and improve the overall performance of the WIP system. Extensive simulations are conducted to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed framework in enhancing the WIP system performance and minimizing tracking errors. The proposed IPMO algorithm provides decision‐makers with a range of optimal solutions, contributing to the advancement of control techniques for unstable, highly non‐linear, multivariable, and underactuated systems. A supplemental animated simulation of this work is available at
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PO‐RzmTXemI.
DNA methylation patterns are influenced by Pax3::Foxo1 expression and developmental lineage in rhabdomyosarcoma tumours forming in genetically engineered mouse models
Authors: Sun Wenyue , Hewitt Stephen M , Wright Hollis , Keller Charles , Barr Frederic G
Published: January 2025

Rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) is a family of phenotypically myogenic paediatric cancers consisting of two major subtypes: fusion‐positive (FP) RMS, most commonly involving the PAX3::FOXO1 fusion gene, formed by the fusion of paired box 3 (PAX3) and forkhead box O1 (FOXO1) genes, and fusion‐negative (FN) RMS, lacking these gene fusions. In humans, DNA methylation patterns distinguish these two subtypes as well as mutation‐associated subsets within these subtypes. To investigate the biological factors responsible for these methylation differences, we profiled DNA methylation in RMS tumours derived from genetically engineered mouse models (GEMMs) in which various driver mutations were introduced into different myogenic lineages. Our unsupervised analyses of DNA methylation patterns in these GEMM tumours yielded two major clusters, corresponding to high and no/low expression of Pax3::Foxo1, which mirrored the results for human FP and FN RMS tumours. Two distinct methylation‐defined subsets were found for GEMM RMS tumours with no/low Pax3::Foxo1 expression: one subset enriched in Pax7 lineage tumours and a second subset enriched in myogenic factor 5 (Myf5) lineage tumours. Integrative analysis of DNA methylation and transcriptomic data in mouse and human RMS revealed a common group of differentially methylated and differentially expressed genes, highlighting a conserved set of genes functioning in both human RMS models and GEMMs of RMS. In conclusion, these studies provide insight into the roles of oncogenic fusion proteins and developmental lineages in establishing DNA methylation patterns in FP and FN RMS respectively. © 2025 The Author(s). The Journal of Pathology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. This article has been contributed to by U.S. Government employees and their work is in the public domain in the USA.
Familial History in Ovarian Teratomas Is a Frequent Event: 22 Years’ Experience at a Single Center
Authors: Muller Cécile Olivia , Delehaye Fanny , Gordon Christopher T. , Pire Aurore , Cheikhelard Alaa , Capito Carmen , Rousseau Véronique , Amiel Jeanne , Sarnacki Sabine
Published: January 2025

Background

Ovarian mature teratoma represents the most common benign neoplasm among pediatric germ cell tumors. This study reports the prevalence and characteristics of familial forms identified in a single center over 22 years in order to better understand possible familial predispositions to ovarian teratoma.

Methods

The records of all patients who were surgically treated for ovarian teratoma between 2000 and 2022 were retrospectively reviewed. Families were systematically asked about a possible family history of ovarian tumors (benign or malignant) or testicular germ cell tumors.

Results

Among the 136 patients operated on for ovarian teratoma, 24 cases of familial form (18%) were identified. Patients with familial history of ovarian mature teratoma were more likely to have multifocal tumors at diagnosis and metachronous lesions over time (p = 0.032 and p = 0.018, respectively) compared with patients without familial history. The family history concerned first‐degree relatives in 12/24 cases (50%) including one case of twin monozygotic sisters, and affected two consecutive generations in three cases.

Conclusion

A systematic examination made it possible to find up to 18% of familial forms in mature teratomas of the ovary, which in these cases seem to be more likely multifocal. The underlying genetic mechanisms are likely to be heterogeneous. Further work seems to be necessary to provide a better understanding of the genesis of germ cell tumors.
Spectroscopic Study of Ar‐N2 Spatial Postdischarges Sustained in Atmospheric‐Pressure Microwave Plasmas
Authors: Morales‐Calero Francisco Javier , Cobos‐Luque Antonio , Muñoz José , Rincón Rocío , Calzada María Dolores
Published: January 2025

Atmospheric pressure microwave‐sustained Ar‐N2 spatial postdischarges are characterized by a high content of reactive nitrogen species as well as low gas temperature values with potential to be used in different applications, including the treatment of the surface of thermosensitive materials. However, optimizing their performance requires prior knowledge of their composition, as well as of the kinetics involved in their sustainment. A comprehensive experimental characterization of Ar‐N2 spatial postdischarges generated with different nitrogen concentrations by optical emission spectroscopy has been performed, together with direct gas temperature measurements. From this study, a complete postdischarge kinetics scheme is proposed for the first time for this kind of spatial afterglows, highlighting the crucial role of argon and nitrogen metastables.
Success Rates of Assisted Reproduction for Men With Cystic Fibrosis
Authors: Sapru Karuna , Wilkinson Joanna , Webb Anthony K , Akhtar Muhammad , Bright‐Thomas Rowland J
Published: January 2025

Background

The vast majority of men with CF (mwCF) are infertile. Improvements in assisted reproductive technology (ART) have made it possible for these patients to become biological fathers.

Methods

Data were examined for all male CF patients attending a large adult CF center over a 23‐year period. Azoospermia was confirmed via laboratory analysis of semen and was defined as complete absence of sperm in the ejaculate. Outcome of surgical sperm retrieval (SSR) procedure, post SSR complications, success rate of intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) and embryo transfer and subsequent live births were evaluated.

Results

Seventy‐one mwCF with proven azoospermia were referred to fertility services over the study period. Mean (SD) percentage predicted forced expiratory volume in 1 second (ppFEV1) 67.86 ( ± 25.3), body mass index (BMI) 24.3 ( ± 3.7) kg/m2. Seventy (98.5%) of these men underwent and had successful SSR. 67/71 (94%) couples proceeded to have ICSI post SSR. 11 couples had failed egg fertilisation, implantation, or early miscarriage. 56/67 couples (84%) went on to have live births. To date 10/71 (14%) mwCF referred for fertility treatment have died. Mean ppFEV1 and BMI of mwCF who survived was higher than those who died; FEV1 72.8% ( ± 23.4) versus 38% ( ± 12.0) (p < 0.001), BMI 25.0 ( ± 3.5) kg/m2 versus 20.3 ( ± 2.2) kg/mg2 (p < 0.001).

Conclusion

This is the largest study to investigate success rate of fertility treatment in mwCF and demonstrates that fertility treatment is successful in greater than 75% of patients referred. Clinical status and prognosis remain important factors when considering referral to fertility services.
Critical Issues in the Management of CRMS/CFSPID Children: A National Real‐World Survey
Authors: Terlizzi Vito , Fevola Cristina , Presti Santiago , Claut Laura , Ambroni Maura , Calderazzo Maria Adelaide , Esposito Irene , Fabrizzi Benedetta , Leonetti Giuseppina , Lombardo Mariangela , Maschio Massimo , Palladino Nicola , Pauro Francesca , Pisi Giovanna , Ripani Pietro , Ros Mirco , Rotolo Novella , Salvatore Donatello , Sepe Angela , Termini Lisa , Timpano Silviana , Troiani Patrizia , Vitullo Pamela , Zanda Maurizio , Blasi Francesco , Castellani Carlo
Published: January 2025

Background

Notwithstanding guidance from the European Cystic Fibrosis (CF) Society (ECFS) neonatal screening (NBS) working group, significant variation persists in the evaluation and management of Cystic Fibrosis Screen Positive, Inconclusive Diagnosis (CFSPID) subjects, leaving many aspects of care under debate. This study reports the results of a national survey investigating management and treatment approaches of pre‐school CFSPIDs in Italy.

Methods

In February 2024, a comprehensive questionnaire was distributed to all Italian CF centers. The survey explored various aspects of CFSPID management in the year 2023, including patient visit schedules, sweat tests (ST) timing, screening procedures, therapeutic interventions, and discharge criteria. Data on regional NBS protocols, number of CFSPID cases, and CF:CFSPID ratio were also collected.

Results

By December 31, 2023, CF Italian centers were following 522 CFSPIDs. In 2023, CF NBS identified 85 CF and 68 CFSPID cases, resulting in a CF:CFSPID ratio of 1.25:1. Seven centers diagnosed more CFSPID than CF, with the lowest CF:CFSPID ratio being 0.20:1. A quarter of all centers reported management plans that deviated widely from ECFS guidelines. Respiratory cultures were performed in 16 (69.6%) centers in the absence of symptoms. Nine (38.9%) prescribed antibiotics in any case of positive Pseudomonas aeruginosa cultures, including first detections and asymptomatic subjects. Spirometries were performed by 14/23 centers (60.9%) in procedure‐competent children at each visit. Follow up care continued after age 6 for all CFSPIDs in 15 (65.2%) centers regardless of age, genotype or ST results. A diagnosis of CF was established based on repeated pathological STs and/or multiorgan involvement. Children with STs in intermediate range and mono‐organ involvement were classified as CFTR‐related disorders (CFTR‐RD).

Conclusions

Despite available data on clinical course and recommendations on management of CFSPIDs, different approaches persist in clinical practice. Further efforts should be considered to disseminate and encourage adherence to international guidelines.
Comprehensive Study of a Mercaptopyridine Derivative: Single Crystal Structure, Spectral Characterization, DFT, In silico Studies, and Biological Activity
Authors: Libiyal J. Maria , Matheswari P. Pon , Jeyamalar J. Ilavarasi , Nayagam B. Ravindran Durai
Published: January 2025

In this present study, a new compound 2‐{[(2,3,5,6‐tetramethylphenyl)methyl]sulfanyl}pyridin‐1‐ium bromide (MCPD1) was synthesized from mercaptopyridine and mono bromo durene. Single crystal X‐ray diffraction, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, and FT‐IR were used to characterize the structure. The single crystal X‐ray diffraction results indicated that the title compound crystallizes in a monoclinic crystal system with the P 21/c space group with lattice parameters of a = 12.806(4) Å,b = 9.266(3) Å, and c = 14.919(4) Å and the crystal is stabilized by a strong intermolecular hydrogen bond. Hirshfeld surface analysis, a technique for quantifying molecular interactions, was employed to investigate the crystal structure. Theoretical studies were done by density function theory using B3YLP method and 6–311 ++ G(d,p) basis set by the firefly program. SCXRD Experimental results are confirmed by the theoretical studies of the structural and physicochemical features of the compound. The in silico studies including molecular docking and ADME analysis revealed the drug‐likeness of the synthesized crystal with higher binding affinity and less cytotoxic in nature. The DNA binding ability of the compound was studied. The compound exhibits significant cytotoxic activity against SK‐MEL‐2 melanoma cells and moderate activity against MCF‐7 breast cancer cells, demonstrating its potential as a versatile anticancer agent.
Art as a Channel and Embodiment of Symbolic Interaction Between Migrants and Non‐Migrants
Authors: Thomas Jacob
Published: January 2025

Many non‐migrant politicians, journalists, and scholars in migrant‐ destination societies often represent migrants with self‐interested objectives and in specific instrumental ways based on stereotypes. Yet research on symbolic interaction reveals migrants are not passive victims. They actively and strategically shape their interactions with non‐migrants. The artwork produced by Chinese migrant artists becomes a non‐verbal channel through which the migrant can convey such challenges to non‐migrants who can more empathetically appreciate these challenges. By analyzing the artwork and narratives of first‐generation migrant artists, I show how art highlights various challenges that migrants confront in their process of immigration, like enduring physical pain, conforming to the institutions of the host society, navigating language barriers, confronting regular cultural clashes, accepting social estrangement, and coping with double consciousness. This paper shows how migrant art can serve as a semiotic object that reveals important features of past symbolic interactions between migrants and non‐migrants and offers a channel through which non‐migrants can potentially empathize more with migrants' experiences.
Treatment of excessive growth of granulation tissue in horses by topical application of resveratrol
Authors: Dedar Ramesh Kumar , Kumar Naveen , Talluri Thirumala Rao , Singh Jitender , Bhattacharya Tarun Kumar
Published: January 2025

Excessive growth of granulation tissue (EGT) is a common complication during wound healing in horses. Wounds involving lower limbs are especially prone to the development of EGT. Often increased expression of transforming growth factor‐β (TGF‐β) is found in the EGT. In the present report, resveratrol was used as TGF‐β modifier. Topical application of an aqueous solution of resveratrol at 0.01 mg/mL once daily for 5‒7 weeks depending on EGT size, successfully suppressed the EGT growth in all seven horses in the present case report.
Understanding amphibian pet trade stakeholders and their role in disease transmission management
Authors: Haddock Giavanna , Warwick Alexa R.
Published: January 2025

In an increasingly globalized society, wildlife trade facilitates the spread of invasive species and diseases. Amphibians are of particular concern because of the chytrid fungus Batrachochytrium salamandrivorans (Bsal) that has been spread internationally through the amphibian trade from Asia to Europe. Preventing the establishment of Bsal in North America is critical because of the high salamander biodiversity and the paucity of viable management actions once Bsal is detected in an area. Amphibian pet trade stakeholders have had little to no input in the few preventative management actions taken and the pet trade continues to practice problematic behaviors. Engagement is critical to encourage behavior change and affect future preventative actions. Here, we conducted an exploratory study using semi‐structured interviews with 22 amphibian pet trade stakeholders from 5 primary groups across the United States. Interview questions addressed their identities, knowledge, opinions, and behaviors surrounding biosecurity, husbandry, and Bsal management actions. Their knowledge and attitudes toward management actions varied depending upon the topic, and over half were aware of Bsal. Amphibian pet trade stakeholders rely heavily on online forums and interpersonal relationships for information sharing. Our results support implementing effective management to combat Bsal establishment in North America and provide insight to address growing threats of introduced diseases through human behavior‐driven pathways.
Searching for heavy neutral leptons coupled to axion-like particles at the LHC far detectors and SHiP
Authors: Wang Zeren Simon , Zhang Yu , Liu Wei
Published: January 2025

Abstract

In hidden-sector models, axion-like particles (ALPs) can couple to heavy neutral leptons (HNLs), leading to rich phenomenologies. We study ALPs produced from D- and B-meson decays via quark-flavor-violating couplings, and decaying exclusively into a pair of HNLs which mix with active neutrinos. The ALP can be either short- or long-lived, depending on the masses of the ALP and the HNL, as well as the corresponding coupling strength. Such GeV-scale HNLs are necessarily long-lived given the current bounds on their mixing parameters. We assess the sensitivities of the LHC far detectors and SHiP, to the long-lived HNLs in such theoretical scenarios. We find that for currently allowed values of the ALP couplings, most of these experiments can probe the active-sterile-neutrino mixing parameters multiple orders of magnitude beyond the present bounds, covering large parameter region targeted with the type-I seesaw mechanism. In addition, our results show that compared to the case of a promptly decaying ALP, assuming an ALP of longer lifetimes weakens the sensitivities of the considered experiments to the long-lived HNLs.
Boundary estimates for doubly nonlinear parabolic equations
Authors: Gianazza Ugo , Jesus David
Published: January 2025

We consider non-negative, weak solutions to the doubly nonlinear parabolic equation

$$\begin{aligned} \partial _t \left( u^q\right) -\operatorname {div}\left( |Du|^{p-2}Du\right) =0 \end{aligned}$$

∂
t

u
q

-
div

|
D
u
|

p
-
2

D
u

=
0

in the super-critical fast diffusion regime

$$\displaystyle 0<p-1<q<\frac{N(p-1)}{(N-p)_+}$$

0
<
p
-
1
<
q
<

N
(
p
-
1
)

(
N
-
p
)

+

. We show that when solutions vanish continuously at the Lipschitz boundary of a parabolic cylinder

$$\Omega _T$$

Ω
T

, they satisfy proper Carleson estimates. Assuming further regularity for the boundary of the domain

$$\Omega _T$$

Ω
T

, we obtain a power-like decay at the boundary and a boundary Harnack inequality.
A new harmony box supplemented with gonial angle and age based on a growing Swiss population
Authors: Lorenz Nele , Koletsi Despina , Patcas Raphael , Jungbauer Rebecca , Koretsi Vasiliki
Published: January 2025

Purpose

The scope of the present study was to create a new harmony box by adding two diagnostically and clinically important cephalometric variables, the gonial and interincisal angles, while also considering the effect of sex and age for a growing Swiss population.

Methods

A healthy sample with an overjet and overbite between 2 and 4 mm, and 1.5 and 4.5 mm, respectively, of the Zurich Craniofacial Growth Study was considered. Pairwise correlations between the cephalometric angles were evaluated with the Pearson correlation coefficient (r). Regression models were built for each cephalometric variable serving as the dependent one. The Akaike Information Criterion and the Bayesian Information Criterion were used to structure and select the final multivariable regression model. Bland–Altman plots and the Lin’s concordance correlation coefficient were used to assess inter- and intraexaminer agreement.

Results

The sample consisted of 301 individuals with a mean age of 13.4 years. Measurement concordance was confirmed both within and between examiners. The strongest correlations were observed between the angles SNB and SNA (r = 0.81), ArGoMe and SN-ML (r = 0.57), and SN-ML and SNB (r = 0.56). The SNB angle qualified as the dependent variable in the multivariable regression that framed the newly provided harmony box, with the predictor variables age (p < 0.001) and the angles SNA (p < 0.001), SN-ML (p < 0.001), SN-NL (p = 0.005), NSBa (p = 0.001), and ArGoMe (p < 0.001). The interincisal angle did not increase the robustness of the model and was excluded (p > 0.05).

Conclusion

Contrary to the interincisal angle, gonial angle and age qualified for inclusion in the new harmony box for individualized cephalometrics in a sample of healthy schoolchildren from Zurich, Switzerland.
Income disaster model with optimal consumption
Authors: Park Seyoung
Published: January 2025

We propose a continuous-time income disaster model with optimal consumption. We endogenously determine the stochastic discount factor (SDF) in an incomplete market caused by income disaster. We then derive optimal consumption decisions for two types of agents, one who is exposed to income disaster and another who is not. We find a large incomplete-markets precautionary savings term between the two agents, which pushes the interest rate down and helps to resolve the risk-free rate puzzle. Interestingly, with income disaster the equilibrium interest rate is a decreasing function of risk aversion while the equity premium is an increasing function. Finally, our model can better match empirical marginal propensities to consume numbers and explain the low-consumption-high-savings puzzle.
Management of post-operative anaemia in patients undergoing surgery for colorectal cancer: a qualitative focus group-based study
Authors: Lawday Samuel , Williams Susannah , James Elizabeth , Court Emma L. , Carter Fiona , Rushton Francesca , Dampier Cat , O’Malley E. J. , Barrington M. , Bethune Rob , Francis Nader
Published: January 2025

Background

Optimal management of anaemia following surgery for colorectal cancer remains unclear. Peri-operative anaemia is common in patients undergoing resectional surgery for colorectal cancer. A significant amount of research has been conducted into the management of pre-operative anaemia; however, little work has investigated post-operative anaemia. We intended to investigate the facilitators of and barriers against the standardised correction of post-operative anaemia. These can aid in identifying optimum treatment for patients following surgery for colorectal cancer.

Methods

Four focus groups were held with 29 participants from a multidisciplinary panel of healthcare professionals from two different NHS hospital sites in the UK. The discussions were audio recorded and underwent professional transcription. Transcripts were checked against recordings before undergoing thematic analysis using a realist approach.

Results

Four themes were identified. The key barriers to standardised post-operative anaemia correction were a lack of protocoled guidelines or a defined pathway, insufficient education and training, and systemic barriers, such as financial drivers and drug availability. The key facilitator identified was collaboration and communication.

Discussion

This study has identified several key barriers and thresholds which can be used in future studies to improve the standardised management of post-operative anaemia.
Reduced antioxidant high-density lipoprotein function in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction
Authors: Sasko Benjamin , Kelesidis Theodoros , Kostin Sawa , Scharow Linda , Mueller Rhea , Jaensch Monique , Wintrich Jan , Christ Martin , Ritter Oliver , Ukena Christian , Pagonas Nikolaos
Published: January 2025

Background

Heart failure (HF) is a heterogeneous clinical syndrome affecting a growing global population. Due to the high incidence of cardiovascular risk factors, a large proportion of the Western population is at risk for heart failure. Oxidative stress and inflammation play a crucial role in the pathophysiology of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). While previous studies have demonstrated an association between dysfunctional HDL and heart failure, the specific link between oxidized HDL and HF remains unexplored.

Methods

In this cross-sectional observational study, the antioxidant function of HDL was assessed in 366 patients with suspected heart failure. HFpEF assessment was conducted according to current guidelines. A validated cell-free biochemical assay was used to determine reduced HDL antioxidant function as assessed by increased HDL-lipid peroxide content (HDLox), normalized by HDL-C levels and the mean value of a pooled serum control from healthy participants (nHDLox; no units). Results were expressed as median with interquartile range (IQR).

Results

Participants with HFpEF (n = 88) had 15% higher mean relative levels of nHDLox than those without heart failure (n = 180). Using a basic multivariate model adjusted for age, sex, eGFR and a full multivariate model (adjusted for diabetes, hypertension, atrial fibrillation, LDL cholesterol, hsCRP, and coronary artery disease), nHDLox was an independent predictor for HFpEF (p < 0.05). An increase in 1-SD in nHDLox was associated with a 67% increased risk for HFpEF if compared with participants without heart failure (p = 0.02).

Conclusion

HDL antioxidant function is reduced in patients with HFpEF. Improving HDL function is a promising target for early heart failure treatment.
Reproducibility of fetal ultrasound doppler parameters used for growth assessment
Authors: Zidan Sweid Raghda , Donadono Vera , Casagrandi Davide , Sarno Laura , Attilakos George , Pandya Pran , Napolitano Raffaele
Published: January 2025

Objectives

To produce standards of references for quality control and assess the reproducibility of fetal ultrasound Doppler measurements commonly used for blood flow assessment in fetal growth.

Methods

Women with singleton normal pregnancies were prospectively recruited at University College London Hospital, UK, between 24 and 41 weeks. Umbilical artery (UA), middle cerebral artery (MCA), and their pulsatility indices (PI), resistance indices (RI) and ratios such as cerebro-placental (CPR) and umbilical cerebral ratio (UCR) were obtained twice by two sonographers in training or after completion of training, blind to each other’s measurements. Bland–Altman plots were generated, the mean differences and 95% limits of agreement (LOA) were calculated to assess intra- and interobserver reproducibility. Values were expressed as absolute values or as z-score.

Results

One hundred ten women were recruited. Overall reproducibility was variable for absolute values and highly variable for z-scores, independently from vessel sampled, index or ratio used, intra- or interobserver reproducibility. The widest absolute values of 95% LOA were 0.3 for UA PI, 0.7 for MCA PI, 0.9 for CPR and 0.3 for UCR, respectively. Regarding z-score, the widest 95% LOA were 1.9 for UA PI, 2.1 for CPR and 1 for UCR. Reproducibility was slightly better for intra- compared with interobserver variability. There was significant difference in z-score reproducibility between MCA peak systolic velocity and CPR vs UCR.

Conclusions

Reference standards of reproducibility of fetal Doppler parameters are produced for standardization and quality-control purposes. Overall, the reproducibility for fetal Doppler parameters was variable independently from vessel sampled, Doppler index (PI or RI) or ratio used, intra- and interobserver comparison. UCR was the most reproducible parameter which should be recommended, together with UA PI, for clinical use and in research studies on fetal growth.
Bark thickness variation in five young South African-grown Pinus species and hybrids
Authors: Akello Scovia , Drew David M. , Balboni Bruno M. , Wessels Coenraad Brand
Published: January 2025

Key message

Understanding bark allocation in juvenile stages of commercially viable

Pinus

trees can be useful in dating wood formation, thus improving the accuracy of correlating wood quality to environmental factors.

Bark is an important and multifunctional part of plant anatomy that has been researched mostly in the context of fire history, timber resource assessments and more recently as a bioresource. Few studies have comprehensively examined bark thickness in some commercially valuable Pinus species. More importantly, the role of bark in accurately dating wood formation has seldom been researched. This study was conducted to model and compare bark thickness variation between different species of young South African-grown Pinus trees including Pinus radiata var. radiata D. Don., Pinus elliottii Engelm., Pinus elliottii × Pinus caribaea var. hondurensis, Pinus patula × Pinus tecunumanii (Low Elevation), and Pinus patula × Pinus tecunumanii (High Elevation). Measurements were taken at 1.6 and 2.3 years including absolute and relative bark thickness and distribution along the stem. Results showed species-specific variation in absolute and relative bark thickness with the highest means recorded in Pinus elliottii × Pinus caribaea and lowest in Pinus radiata. A positive linear relationship was observed between bark thickness and diameter, consistent with all species and ages. Absolute bark thickness decreased along the stem from bottom to top while more nuanced patterns of variation were observed for relative bark thickness. These findings underscore the importance of understanding bark thickness in young trees for various applications, including dating wood formation, anticipatory breeding strategies for quality wood and predicting stand quality among others.
New 40Ar/39Ar mineral ages of Archaean to early Proterozoic rocks in northern Sweden and implications for the 1.8–1.5 Ga tectonothermal history of northernmost Fennoscandia
Authors: Billström Kjell , Bergman Stefan , Mark Chris , Barfod Dan N.
Published: January 2025

The bedrock in northernmost Sweden comprises Archaean (2.8–2.65 Ga) and Karelian (2.4–1.96 Ga) rocks and a volumetrically dominant population of magmatic rocks which formed during the Svecofennian (1.9–1.8 Ga) stage. New Ar–Ar (hornblende and muscovite) and U–Pb (zircon and monazite) isotopic results from representative lithologies are used to shed further light on the geological evolution. With respect to the Ar–Ar isotopic system, somewhat variable dates (hornblende) are interpreted as cooling ages that indicate different uplift histories, following a 1.8 Ga metamorphic peak, at different sides of the Karesuando-Arjeplog deformation zone. Other post-1.7 Ga 40Ar/39Ar ages are suggested to reflect either a neocrystallisation (muscovite) or an event leading to isotopic resetting (hornblende). It is suggested that post-1.76 Ga crustal processes have influenced the Ar–Ar mineral systems during three relatively short-lived (a few tens of million years) stages; peaking at ~ 1.73 Ga, ~ 1.63 Ga and ~ 1.55 Ga. Tentatively, the timing of these stages is coupled with far-field effects that elsewhere are associated with the alkali-rich granitic magmatism forming part of the Transscandinavian Igneous Belt (the 1.73 Ga event) and Rapakivi massifs (the 1.63 and 1.56 Ga events). It is proposed that the N-S to NW–SE orientation of these vast, regional granitic complexes matches that of major deformation zones in northernmost Fennoscandia and that locally initiated hydrothermal fluids followed weakness zones in the crust and ultimately led to element mobilisation, new mineral growth and isotopic over-printing preferentially affecting shear- and ore zones.

Graphical abstract