bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
O inwestycjach budowlanych Wazów w Wilnie
Authors: Czyż Anna Sylwia
Published: October 2021

Artykuł traktuje o budowlach Wazów w Wilnie w kontekście nie tyle architektonicznym, ile treści ideowych. Waga inwestycji Wazów wynikała z tradycji jagiellońskiej opieki nad miastem oraz miejsca, jakie Wilno zajmowało w Rzeczypospolitej.
Spis posłów z Wielkiego Księstwa Litewskiego i ich postawa na sejmie pacyfikacyjnym 1735 roku
Authors: Lisek Adam
Published: October 2021

W artykule uściślono informacje dotyczące reprezentacji poselskiej z Wielkiego Księstwa Litewskiego, która przybyła do Warszawy na sejm pacyfikacyjny w 1735 r. Ustalono urzędy, jakie pełnili poszczególni posłowie oraz udokumentowano ich aktywność w źródłach. W trakcie analizy materiału źródłowego wykazano, że zdecydowanie większą aktywność na sejmie przejawiali posłowie z Korony. Identyfikacja poszczególnych posłów pod względem przynależności do poszczególnych obozów politycznych pozwoliła ustalić, że zwolennicy króla Augusta III stanowili wśród posłów znaczną większość.
La enseñanza del Periodismo en la Escuela Oficial franquista (1941-1975) analizada por sus ex alumnos.
Authors: Sánchez García Pilar , Redondo García Marta , Diez Gracia Alba
Published: October 2021

La investigación tiene como objetivo profundizar en la formación que recibieron los periodistas durante la Dictadura franquista a través de la Escuela Oficial de Periodismo (1941-1975). Emplea una doble metodología de revisión documental y entrevista a fuentes primarias acerca de tres categorías: influencia ideológica, calidad formativa y ascendiente en el paso a la Universidad. Se obtiene el testimonio de exalumnos de la EOP en sus tres sedes: Madrid, Barcelona y La Laguna, entre ellos Diego Carcedo, Luis María Ansón o Juan Cruz. La investigación propone un análisis en tres etapas: control férreo formativo y colegial (1941-1958); apertura a iniciativas privadas (1958-1966) y preuniversitaria (1969-1975). Una propuesta cronológica que es secundada por el testimonio de los entrevistados que evidencian cómo los intentos de adoctrinamiento que marcaron la Escuela en la primera mitad de su existencia fracasaron en la segunda ante un alumnado en buena medida refractario. Los alumnos describen los limitados recursos técnicos de la EOP, aunque valoran la capacitación profesional de los estudios y el contacto que permitían con los medios de comunicación a través de las prácticas. Finalmente interpretan que la Escuela supuso un impulso más que una rémora en el paso de los estudios de Periodismo hacia la formación superior
Low-intensity treadmill exercise protects cognitive impairment by enhancing cerebellar mitochondrial calcium retention capacity in a rat model of chronic cerebral hypoperfusion
Authors: Lee Jae-Min , Park Jongmin , Lee Joo-Hee , Kwak Hyo-Bum , No Mi-Hyun , Heo Jun-Won , Kim Youn-Jung
Published: October 2021

Chronic cerebral hypoperfusion (CCH) is caused by reduced blood flow to the brain representing gradually cognitive impairment. CCH induces mitochondrial dysfunction and neuronal cell death in the brain. Exercise is known to have a neuroprotective effect on brain damage and cognitive dysfunction. This study aimed to clarify the neuroprotective effect of low-intensity treadmill exercise (LITE) by enhancing cerebellar mitochondrial calcium retention capacity in an animal model of CCH. Wistar rats were divided into the sham group, the bilateral common carotid arteries occlusion (BCCAO) group, and the BCCAO and treadmill exercise (BCCAO+Ex) group. BCCAO+Ex group engaged the LITE on a treadmill for 30 min once a day for 8 weeks before the BCCAO surgery to investigate the protective effect of LITE on cognitive impairment. CCH induced by BCCAO resulted in mitochondrial dysfunction in the cerebellum, including impaired calcium homeostasis. CCH also decreased cerebellar Purkinje cells including of calbindin D28k and parvalbumin, resulting in cognitive impairment. The impairment of mitochondrial function, loss of cerebellar Purkinje cells, and cognitive dysfunction ameliorated by exercise. The present study showed that LITE hindered the deficit of spatial working memory and loss of Purkinje cell in the cerebellum induced by CCH. We confirmed that the protective effect of LITE on Purkinje cell by enhanced the mitochondrial calcium retention capacity. We suggest that LITE may protect against cognitive impairment, and further studies are needed to develop the intervention for patients who suffered from CCH.
Nonlinearity that enables the perception of counterphase flicker
Authors: Laming Donald
Published: October 2021

Counterphase flicker is perceptible consequent on the nonlinearity
between each retina and binocular fusion. This paper models that
nonlinearity in terms of the radio reception technology of the early
twentieth century. The nonlinearity is probably realized in the
retinal ganglion cells.
FFT-based simulation of the hologram-recording process for light-in-flight recording by holography
Authors: Kakue Takashi , Inoue Tomoyoshi , Shimobaba Tomoyoshi , Ito Tomoyoshi , Awatsuji Yasuhiro
Published: October 2021

We propose a numerical simulation method of the hologram-recording process for light-in-flight recording by holography (LIF holography) based on fast Fourier transform (FFT) to improve the efficiency of the simulation. Because it is crucial to consider the difference in the optical-path length between the object and reference light pulses, we modify a point-spread function by considering the optical-path lengths of the object and reference light pulses and whether both pulses interfere with each other in LIF holography. The computational time was shortened by

5.5
×

10
5

times for the

4,096
×
4,096

resolution of the hologram using the proposed method. We evaluate the proposed method by calculating the root mean square error (RMSE) of the reconstructed holographic images. The RMSEs were relatively small considering the effect of speckle noise; these results effectively demonstrate the validity of the proposed method. Moreover, we reconstruct the moving pictures of light pulse propagation from the hologram generated by the proposed method. We compare the simulation and experimental results, and succeed in qualitatively demonstrating the validity of the proposed method.
Achieving ultra-long optical needles with a duplex vector optical field and parabolic hybrid mask
Authors: Zhao Peng-Cheng , Gao Xu-Zhen , Zhao Jia-Hao , Pan Yue , Man Zhong-Xiao
Published: October 2021

The optical needle generated by a tightly focused vector optical field (VOF) has attracted wide attention and been applied in various areas. In previous research, two typical kinds of VOFs were generally used to generate optical needles, including radially polarized VOF (RP-VOF) and vortex azimuthally polarized VOF (VAP-VOF). Here, we propose a new kind of duplex VOF that is designed by arranging the RP-VOF and VAP-VOF in concentric belts. With the help of a binary phase mask, the optical needle of the tightly focused duplex VOF is much longer than that generated by the two conventional VOFs. The optical needle has a three-section polarization distribution, as the longitudinal component is dominant in the center, while the transverse components are at two ends along the longitudinal axis, which is different from a purely transversely polarized optical needle and optical needle with a dominant longitudinal component. Furthermore, a parabolic hybrid mask (PHM) is proposed, which can improve the length of the optical needle for the duplex VOF, RP-VOF, and VAP-VOF. When applying the duplex VOF and PHM simultaneously, an ultra-long optical needle can be achieved. The duplex VOF and PHM we propose are superior relative to other VOFs and masks in terms of generating ultra-long optical needles, which can be used in areas including optical detection, high-density storage, super-resolution imaging, and nano lithography.
Optical signatures of the coupled spin-mechanics of a levitated magnetic microparticle
Authors: Wachter Vanessa , Bittencourt Victor A. S. V. , Xie Shangran , Sharma Sanchar , Joly Nicolas , Russell Philip St.J. , Marquardt Florian , Viola Kusminskiy Silvia
Published: October 2021

We propose a platform that combines the fields of cavity optomagnonics and levitated optomechanics to control and probe the coupled spin-mechanics of magnetic dielectric particles. We theoretically study the dynamics of a levitated Faraday-active dielectric microsphere serving as an optomagnonic cavity, placed in an external magnetic field and driven by an external laser. We find that the optically driven magnetization dynamics induces angular oscillations of the particle with low associated damping. Further, we show that the magnetization and angular motion dynamics can be probed via the power spectrum of the outgoing light. Namely, the characteristic frequencies attributed to the angular oscillations and the spin dynamics are imprinted in the light spectrum by two main resonance peaks. Additionally, we demonstrate that a ferromagnetic resonance setup with an oscillatory perpendicular magnetic field can enhance the resonance peak corresponding to the spin oscillations and induce fast rotations of the particle around its anisotropy axis.
Femtosecond laser line-by-line inscription of apodized fiber Bragg gratings
Authors: He Jun , Chen Ziyong , Xu Xizhen , He Jia , Xu Baijie , Du Bin , Guo Kuikui , Chen Runxiao , Wang Yiping
Published: October 2021

The reflection spectra of conventional fiber Bragg gratings (FBGs) with uniform index modulation profiles typically have strong sidelobes, which hamper the performance of FBG-based optical filters, fiber lasers, and sensors. Here, we propose and demonstrate a femtosecond laser line-by-line (LbL) scanning technique for fabricating apodized FBGs with suppressed sidelobes. This approach can flexibly achieve various apodized modulation profiles via precise control over the length and/or transverse position of each laser-inscribed index modification track. We theoretically and experimentally studied the influences of the apodization function on the side-mode suppression ratio (SMSR) in the fabricated apodized FBG, and the results show that a maximum SMSR of 20.6 dB was achieved in a Gaussian-apodized FBG. Subsequently, we used this method to fabricate various apodized FBGs, and the SMSRs in these FBGs were reduced effectively. Specifically, a dense-wavelength-division-multiplexed Gaussian-apodized FBG array with a wavelength interval of 1.50 nm was successfully fabricated, and the SMSR in such an array is 14 dB. Moreover, a Gaussian-apodized phase-shifted FBG and chirped FBG were also demonstrated with a high SMSR of 14 and 16 dB, respectively. Therefore, such an apodization method based on a modified femtosecond laser LbL scanning technique is an effective and flexible way to fabricate various FBGs with high SMSRs, which is promising to improve the performance of optical filters, fiber lasers, and sensors.
Frequency manipulation of topological surface states by Weyl phase transitions
Authors: Liu Zhuoxiong , Qin Chengzhi , Liu Weiwei , Zheng Lingzhi , Ren Shuaifei , Wang Bing , Lu Peixiang
Published: October 2021

By creating a synthetic frequency dimension with dynamic modulation in a 2D honeycomb waveguide array, we construct both Type-I and Type-II Weyl semimetals (WSMs) and utilize the WSM phase transition to control the frequency evolutions of topological surface states. We show that Type-I WSMs and Type-II WSMs manifest opposite and same band slopes for the two surface states, which give rise to the bidirectional and unidirectional frequency shifts, respectively. Moreover, by cascading Type-I Weyl lattices and Type-II Weyl lattices together, we also achieve the time-reversed evolution of frequency, such as frequency negative refraction, bandwidth expansion-compression, and perfect imaging. The Letter may find applications in robust signal transmission and processing with synthesized topological states.
Fundamental and vortex gap solitons in quasiperiodic photonic lattices
Authors: Huang Changming , Dong Liangwei , Deng Hanying , Zhang Xiao , Gao Penghui
Published: October 2021

We address the existence and stability of fundamental, single-charged vortex, and double-charged vortex gap solitons in two-dimensional quasiperiodic photonic lattices imprinted in a Kerr-type medium. Fundamental and vortex gap solitons can bifurcate from linear localized states or their combination supported by quasiperiodic lattices for both defocusing and focusing nonlinearities. We find that the three types of solitons mentioned above are stable in the entire existence domain for defocusing nonlinearities, and that they can also be stable at a lower power level for focusing nonlinearities. At higher power, unstable solitons are characterized by a ring-shaped symmetry-breaking distribution, and the unique spot profile formed is repeatedly observed with changes in propagation distance.
Parallel emitted silicon nitride nanophotonic phased arrays for two-dimensional beam steering
Authors: Sun Caiming , Yang Lesi , Li Binghui , Shi Wu , Wang Hongjie , Chen Zhenmin , Nie Xiaomin , Deng Shupeng , Ding Ning , Zhang Aidong
Published: October 2021

In this Letter, a two-dimensional (2D) beam steering on silicon nitride (SiNx) nanophotonic phased arrays from visible to near-infrared wavelengths is reported for the first time, to the best of our knowledge. In order to implement beam steering along the transverse direction for one-dimensional waveguide surface grating arrays, wavelengths from 650 to 980 nm provided by the supercontinuum laser are used to excite the phased array. Then the beams are parallel radiated with steering angles in a sequence of 26.84° to

−

16.54

∘

along the transverse direction, and a continuous line in the far field consisting of parallel emitted spots is produced with a total view angle of 43.38°. Moreover, this continuous far-field line is steered along the longitudinal direction with massive wavelengths simultaneously tuned by phase shifts from

−

π

/

2

to over

+

π

/

2

. This method with massive parallel wavelengths emitted paves a new way for 2D steering on SiNx nanophotonic phased arrays.
Laser cooling of a Yb doped silica fiber by 18 Kelvin from room temperature
Authors: Topper Brian , Peysokhan Mostafa , Albrecht Alexander R. , Flores Angel S. , Kuhn Stefan , Hässner Denny , Hein Sigrun , Hupel Christian , Nold Johannes , Haarlammert Nicoletta , Schreiber Thomas , Sheik-Bahae Mansoor , Mafi Arash
Published: October 2021

An ytterbium doped silica optical fiber with a core diameter of

900

µ

m

has been cooled by 18.4 K below ambient temperature by pumping with 20 W of 1035 nm light in vacuum. In air, cooling by 3.6 K below ambient was observed with the same 20 W pump. The temperatures were measured with a thermal imaging camera and differential luminescence thermometry. The cooling efficiency is calculated to be

1.2
±
0.1
%

. The core of the fiber was codoped with

A

l

3
+

for an Al to Yb ratio of 6:1, to allow for a larger Yb concentration and enhanced laser cooling.
Assessing the drivers of syphilis among men who have sex with men in Switzerland reveals a key impact of screening frequency: A modelling study
Authors: Balakrishna Suraj , Salazar-Vizcaya Luisa , Schmidt Axel J. , Kachalov Viacheslav , Kusejko Katharina , Thurnheer Maria Christine , Roth Jan A. , Nicca Dunja , Cavassini Matthias , Battegay Manuel , Schmid Patrick , Bernasconi Enos , Günthard Huldrych F. , Rauch Andri , Kouyos Roger D. ,   the Swiss HIV Cohort Study (SHCS)
Published: October 2021

Over the last decade, syphilis diagnoses among men-who-have-sex-with-men (MSM) have strongly increased in Europe. Understanding the drivers of the ongoing epidemic may aid to curb transmissions. In order to identify the drivers of syphilis transmission in MSM in Switzerland between 2006 and 2017 as well as the effect of potential interventions, we set up an epidemiological model stratified by syphilis stage, HIV-diagnosis, and behavioral factors to account for syphilis infectiousness and risk for transmission. In the main model, we used ‘reported non-steady partners’ (nsP) as the main proxy for sexual risk. We parameterized the model using data from the Swiss HIV Cohort Study, Swiss Voluntary Counselling and Testing center, cross-sectional surveys among the Swiss MSM population, and published syphilis notifications from the Federal Office of Public Health. The main model reproduced the increase in syphilis diagnoses from 168 cases in 2006 to 418 cases in 2017. It estimated that between 2006 and 2017, MSM with HIV diagnosis had 45.9 times the median syphilis incidence of MSM without HIV diagnosis. Defining risk as condomless anal intercourse with nsP decreased model accuracy (sum of squared weighted residuals, 378.8 vs. 148.3). Counterfactual scenarios suggested that increasing screening of MSM without HIV diagnosis and with nsP from once every two years to twice per year may reduce syphilis incidence (at most 12.8% reduction by 2017). Whereas, increasing screening among MSM with HIV diagnosis and with nsP from once per year to twice per year may substantially reduce syphilis incidence over time (at least 63.5% reduction by 2017). The model suggests that reporting nsP regardless of condom use is suitable for risk stratification when modelling syphilis transmission. More frequent screening of MSM with HIV diagnosis, particularly those with nsP may aid to curb syphilis transmission.
The estimated health impact of sodium reduction through food reformulation in Australia: A modeling study
Authors: Trieu Kathy , Coyle Daisy H. , Afshin Ashkan , Neal Bruce , Marklund Matti , Wu Jason H. Y.
Published: October 2021

Background

The Australian Government recently established sodium targets for packaged foods to encourage voluntary reformulation to reduce population sodium consumption and related diseases. We modeled the health impact of Australia’s sodium reformulation targets and additional likely health gains if more ambitious, yet feasible sodium targets had been adopted instead.

Methods and findings

Using comparative risk assessment models, we estimated the averted deaths, incidence, and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) from cardiovascular disease (CVD), chronic kidney disease (CKD) and stomach cancer after implementation of (a) Australia’s sodium targets (overall and by individual companies); (b) United Kingdom’s targets (that covers more product categories); and (c) an optimistic scenario (sales-weighted 25th percentile sodium content for each food category included in the UK program). We used nationally representative data to estimate pre- and post-intervention sodium intake, and other key data sources from the Global Burden of Disease study. Full compliance with the Australian government’s sodium targets could prevent approximately 510 deaths/year (95% UI, 335 to 757), corresponding to about 1% of CVD, CKD, and stomach cancer deaths, and prevent some 1,920 (1,274 to 2,600) new cases and 7,240 (5,138 to 10,008) DALYs/year attributable to these diseases. Over half (59%) of deaths prevented is attributed to reformulation by 5 market-dominant companies. Compliance with the UK and optimistic scenario could avert approximately an additional 660 (207 to 1,227) and 1,070 (511 to 1,856) deaths/year, respectively, compared to Australia’s targets. The main limitation of this study (like other modeling studies) is that it does not prove that sodium reformulation programs will prevent deaths and disease events; rather, it provides the best quantitative estimates and the corresponding uncertainty of the potential effect of the different programs to guide the design of policies.

Conclusions

There is significant potential to strengthen Australia’s sodium reformulation targets to improve its health impact. Promoting compliance by market-dominant food companies will be critical to achieving the potential health gains.
Influence of formic acid treatment on the proteome of the ectoparasite Varroa destructor
Authors: Genath Antonia , Petruschke Hannes , von Bergen Martin , Einspanier Ralf
Published: October 2021

The ectoparasite Varroa destructor Anderson and Trueman is the most important parasites of the western honey bee, Apis mellifera L. The most widely currently used treatment uses formic acid (FA), but the understanding of its effects on V. destructor is limited. In order to understand the mechanism of action of FA, its effect on Varroa mites was investigated using proteomic analysis by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). V. destructor was collected from honey bee colonies with natural mite infestation before and 24 h after the initiation of FA treatment and subjected to proteome analysis. A total of 2637 proteins were identified. Quantitative analysis of differentially expressed candidate proteins (fold change ≥ 1.5; p ≤ 0.05) revealed 205 differentially expressed proteins: 91 were induced and 114 repressed in the FA-treated group compared to the untreated control group. Impaired protein synthesis accompanied by increased protein and amino acid degradation suggest an imbalance in proteostasis. Signs of oxidative stress included significant dysregulation of candidate proteins of mitochondrial cellular respiration, increased endocytosis, and induction of heat shock proteins. Furthermore, an increased concentration of several candidate proteins associated with detoxification was observed. These results suggest dysregulated cellular respiration triggered by FA treatment as well as an increase in cellular defense mechanisms, including induced heat shock proteins and detoxification enzymes.
Pricing of cyber insurance premiums using a Markov-based dynamic model with clustering structure
Authors: Antonio Yeftanus , Indratno Sapto Wahyu , Saputro Suhadi Wido
Published: October 2021

Cyber insurance is a risk management option to cover financial losses caused by cyberattacks. Researchers have focused their attention on cyber insurance during the last decade. One of the primary issues related to cyber insurance is estimating the premium. The effect of network topology has been heavily explored in the previous three years in cyber risk modeling. However, none of the approaches has assessed the influence of clustering structures. Numerous earlier investigations have indicated that internal links within a cluster reduce transmission speed or efficacy. As a result, the clustering coefficient metric becomes crucial in understanding the effectiveness of viral transmission. We provide a modified Markov-based dynamic model in this paper that incorporates the influence of the clustering structure on calculating cyber insurance premiums. The objective is to create less expensive and less homogenous premiums by combining criteria other than degrees. This research proposes a novel method for calculating premiums that gives a competitive market price. We integrated the epidemic inhibition function into the Markov-based model by considering three functions: quadratic, linear, and exponential. Theoretical and numerical evaluations of regular networks suggested that premiums were more realistic than premiums without clustering. Validation on a real network showed a significant improvement in premiums compared to premiums without the clustering structure component despite some variations. Furthermore, the three functions demonstrated very high correlations between the premium, the total inhibition function of neighbors, and the speed of the inhibition function. Thus, the proposed method can provide application flexibility by adapting to specific company requirements and network configurations.
Application of phage display technology for the production of antibodies against Streptococcus suis serotype 2
Authors: Sulong Pattarawadee , Anudit Natsinee , Nuanualsuwan Suphachai , Mariela Segura , Khantasup Kannika
Published: October 2021

Streptococcus suis (S. suis) serotype 2 infection is a problem in the swine industry and responsible for most cases of human infection worldwide. Since current multiplex PCR cannot differentiate between serotypes 2 and 1/2, then serotype-specific antibodies (Abs) are required for serotype identification to confirm infection by serotype 2. This study aimed to generate Abs specific to S. suis serotype 2 by phage display from a human heavy chain variable domain (VH) antibody library. For biopanning, whole cells of S. suis serotype 2 were used as the target antigen. With increasing selection stringency, we could select the VH Abs that specifically bound to a S. suis serotype 2 surface antigen, which was identified as the capsular polysaccharide (CPS). From ELISA analysis, the specific phage clone 47B3 VH with the highest binding activity to S. suis serotype 2 was selected and shown to have no cross-reactivity with S. suis serotypes 1/2, 1, and 14 that shared a common epitope with serotype 2 and occasionally cause infections in human. Moreover, no cross-reactivity with other bacteria that can be found in septic blood specimens was also observed. Then, 47B3 VH was successfully expressed as soluble 47B3 VH in E. coli TG1. The soluble 47B3 VH crude extract was further tested for its binding ability in a dose-dependent ELISA assay. The results indicated that the activity of phage clone 47B3 was still retained even when the Ab occurred in the soluble form. A quellung reaction demonstrated that the soluble 47B3 VH Ab could show bioactivity by differentiation between S. suis serotypes 2 and 1/2. Thus, it will be beneficial to use this VH Ab in the diagnosis of disease or discrimination of S. suis serotypes Furthermore, the results described here could motivate the use of phage display VH platform to produce serotyping antibodies.
Exploring the facilitators, barriers, and strategies for self-management in adults living with severe mental illness, with and without long-term conditions: A qualitative evidence synthesis
Authors: Balogun-Katung Abisola , Carswell Claire , Brown Jennifer V. E. , Coventry Peter , Ajjan Ramzi , Alderson Sarah , Bellass Sue , Boehnke Jan R. , Holt Richard , Jacobs Rowena , Kellar Ian , Kitchen Charlotte , Lister Jennie , Peckham Emily , Shiers David , Siddiqi Najma , Wright Judy , Young Ben , Taylor Jo ,   on behalf of the DIAMONDS research team
Published: October 2021

Background

People living with severe mental illness (SMI) have a reduced life expectancy by around 15–20 years, in part due to higher rates of long-term conditions (LTCs) such as diabetes and heart disease. Evidence suggests that people with SMI experience difficulties managing their physical health. Little is known, however, about the barriers, facilitators and strategies for self-management of LTCs for people with SMI.

Aim

To systematically review and synthesise the qualitative evidence exploring facilitators, barriers and strategies for self-management of physical health in adults with SMI, both with and without long-term conditions.

Methods

CINAHL, Conference Proceedings Citation Index- Science, HMIC, Medline, NICE Evidence and PsycInfo were searched to identify qualitative studies that explored barriers, facilitators and strategies for self-management in adults with SMI (with or without co-morbid LTCs). Articles were screened independently by two independent reviewers. Eligible studies were purposively sampled for synthesis according to the richness and relevance of data, and thematically synthesised.

Results

Seventy-four articles met the inclusion criteria for the review; 25 articles, reporting findings from 21 studies, were included in the synthesis. Seven studies focused on co-morbid LTC self-management for people with SMI, with the remaining articles exploring self-management in general. Six analytic themes and 28 sub-themes were identified from the synthesis. The themes included: the burden of SMI; living with co-morbidities; beliefs and attitudes about self-management; support from others for self-management; social and environmental factors; and routine, structure and planning.

Conclusions

The synthesis identified a range of barriers and facilitators to self-management, including the burden of living with SMI, social support, attitudes towards self-management and access to resources. To adequately support people with SMI with co-morbid LTCs, healthcare professionals need to account for how barriers and facilitators to self-management are influenced by SMI, and meet the unique needs of this population.
Effects of cannabis ingestion on endometriosis-associated pelvic pain and related symptoms
Authors: Sinclair Justin , Collett Laura , Abbott Jason , Pate David W. , Sarris Jerome , Armour Mike
Published: October 2021

Background

The use of cannabis for symptoms of endometriosis was investigated utilising retrospective archival data from Strainprint Technologies Ltd., a Canadian data technology company with a mobile phone application that tracks a range of data including dose, mode of administration, chemovar and their effects on various self-reported outcomes, including pelvic pain.

Methods

A retrospective, electronic record-based cohort study of StrainprintTMusers with self-reported endometriosis was conducted. Self-rated cannabis efficacy, defined as a function of initial and final symptom ratings, was investigated across the included symptom clusters of cramps, pelvic pain, gastrointestinal pain, nausea, depression, and low libido. Cannabis dosage form, dose and cannabinoid ratio information was also recorded.

Results

A total number of 252 participants identifying as suffering endometriosis recorded 16193 sessions using cannabis between April 2017 and February 2020. The most common method of ingestion was inhalation (n = 10914, 67.4%), with pain as the most common reported symptom being treated by cannabis (n = 9281, 57.3%). Gastrointestinal symptoms, though a less common reason for cannabis usage (15.2%), had the greatest self-reported improvement after use. Inhaled forms had higher efficacy for pain, while oral forms were superior for mood and gastrointestinal symptoms. Dosage varied across ingestion methods, with a median dose of 9 inhalations (IQR 5 to 11) for inhaled dosage forms and 1 mg/mL (IQR 0.5 to 2) for other ingested dosage forms. The ratio of THC to CBD had a statistically significant, yet clinically small, differential effect on efficacy, depending on method of ingestion.

Conclusions

Cannabis appears to be effective for pelvic pain, gastrointestinal issues and mood, with effectiveness differing based on method of ingestion. The greater propensity for use of an inhaled dosage delivery may be due to the rapid onset of pain-relieving effects versus the slower onset of oral products. Oral forms appeared to be superior compared to inhaled forms in the less commonly reported mood or gastrointestinal categories. Clinical trials investigating the tolerability and effectiveness of cannabis for endometriosis pain and associated symptoms are urgently required.
Clinical profile, treatment and outcome of pediatric brain tumors in Serbia in a 10-year period: A national referral institution experience
Authors: Stanić Dragana , Grujičić Danica , Pekmezović Tatjana , Bokun Jelena , Popović-Vuković Marija , Janić Dragana , Paripović Lejla , Ilić Vesna , Pudrlja Slović Marija , Ilić Rosanda , Raičević Savo , Sarić Milan , Mišković Ivana , Nidžović Borko , Nikitović Marina
Published: October 2021

Objective

This study aimed to evaluate the characteristics of children with primary brain tumors, the effectiveness of treatment modalities, and to detect factors related to the outcome.

Methods

A detailed analysis was performed on a series of 173 pediatric patients treated in a Serbian referral oncology institution between 2007 and 2016, based on their clinical, histological, treatment, and follow-up data.

Results

Mean survival time of all children was 94.5months. 2-, 5- and 10-year overall survival probabilities were 68.8%, 59.4%, and 52.8%, respectively. Patients with supratentorial tumors had longer survival than patients with infratentorial tumors and patients with tumors in both compartments (p = 0.011). Children with the unknown histopathology (brainstem glioma) and high-grade glioma had a shorter life than embryonal tumors, ependymoma, and low-grade glioma (p<0.001). Survival of the children who underwent gross total resection was longer than the children in whom lesser degrees of resection were achieved (p = 0.015). The extent of the disease is a very important parameter found to be associated with survival. Patients with no evidence of disease after surgery had a mean survival of 123 months, compared with 82 months in patients with local residual disease and 55 months in patients with disseminated disease (p<0.001). By the univariate analysis, factors predicting poor outcome in our series were the presentation of disease with hormonal abnormalities, tumor location, and the extent of the disease, while the factors predicting a better outcome were age at the time of diagnosis, presentation of the disease with neurological deficit, and type of resection. By the multivariate analysis, the extent of the disease remained as the only strong adverse risk factor for survival (HR 2.06; 95% CI = 1.38–3.07; p<0.001).

Conclusions

With an organized and dedicated multidisciplinary team, the adequate outcomes can be achieved in a middle-income country setting. The presence of local residual disease after surgery and disseminated disease has a strong negative effect on survival.
Influence of African Indigenous language media in COVID-19 digital health messaging
Authors: Fadipe Israel A. , Salawu Abiodun
Published: October 2021

COVID-19 pandemic era has further energized humans to consider their health more than before, especially in the digital age when they experience a deluge of health information. This study, therefore, examined COVID-19 digital sources, health message types and how the use of African Indigenous language media enhanced people’s utilization of coronavirus health messages. Using an online questionnaire and in-depth interview data collection methods, respondents received preventive COVID-19 health messages on social distancing and personal hygiene from mostly interactive digital sources, which hardly infused African Indigenous language media in the health message. However, African Indigenous languages motivated respondents to utilize COVID-19 messages, though people still spread COVID-19 fake news through Indigenous media. Nonetheless, integrating African Indigenous language media into digital health communication can confer credibility on information sources. Still, there is a need to fight the use of digital media to spread fake news.
Health disparities and the digital divide within South African disadvantaged communities during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Lubinga Elizabeth , Sitto Karabo , Molebatsi Keke
Published: October 2021

The purpose of this article is to highlight how technologies, which have for centuries revolutionalized healthcare, have conversely increased health disparities among disadvantaged communities in South Africa during coronavirus disease (COVID-19). A hard lockdown imposed on the country in March 2020, as an initial measure of containment of the novel virus, became unfeasible due to detrimental, mostly economic effects on the economy. From 1 May, the government eased the lockdown restrictions and shifted the emphasis from containment to behaviour change measures using communication strategies that promoted adherence. Yet, even within disadvantaged communities, there have been differences in health-related access with differing levels of disadvantage. Secondary data were analysed from a cross-sectional quantitative survey conducted in ten disadvantaged communities in the Northern Cape and Gauteng Provinces involving 1742 participants. Results show that the lack of digital access to information created an obstacle to adherence to some recommended COVID-19-related behaviour change measures. Disparities existed between the two provinces’ disadvantaged communities based on an urban versus a rural province. The study emphasized the need to assess the extent of underlying obstacles to health equity and achievement of healthcare goals propagated by an interface between healthcare and socio-economic factors. Breakthroughs in healthcare, facilitated by virtual modes of communication may be undermined by a digital divide exacerbating disparities in disadvantaged communities.
El legado cinematográfico de Bigas Luna, Santiago Fouz Hernández (ed.) (2020)
Authors: Lomas Martínez Santiago
Published: October 2021

Review of: El legado cinematográfico de Bigas Luna, Santiago Fouz Hernández (ed.) (2020)

Valencia: Tirant Humanidades, 346 pp.,

ISBN 978-8-41815-595-6, p/bk, ISBN 978-8-41815-596-3, e-book, €24.30
Imaginar Iberia: Tiempo, espacio y nación en el siglo XIX en España y Portugal, César Rina Simón (2020)
Authors: Isasi Santiago Pérez
Published: October 2021

Review of: Imaginar Iberia: Tiempo, espacio y nación en el siglo XIX en España y Portugal, César Rina Simón (2020)

Granada: Comares, 191 pp.,

ISBN 978-8-41369-013-1, p/bk, €19
Influence of experimental storage conditions of spores of Floating fern (Salvinia natans (L.) All., Salviniaceae Martinov) on the reproduction of the species
Authors: Barabanshchikova N. S. , Orlyuk F. A.
Published: October 2021

Salvinia natans is a heterospore annual aquatic fern from the Salviniaceae family. Increasing the spores’ viability by storage simulations is the basis for creating fern spore banks. In this aspect, S. natans appears to be an unconventional subject. Between October and August 2019–2020 we conducted an experiment on the storage of S. natans spore production for 4 months in 12 combinations of abiotic factors (lighting water content – temperature) and subsequent sporesgermination during the spring – summer under the same conditions of natural temperature regime, natural light and thepresence of water. The spore production viability was assessed by the time of megasporangia germination and the numberof new individuals in each storage option. We established that the of the S. natans reproduction occurs successfully witha natural combination of abiotic environmental factors – a gradually changing temperature with winter freezing, naturallight, and the presence of sporangia in water. Storage has a beneficial effect during stratification (+ 5 °C, water) and in thecombination of factors “natural temperature – dark – dry”. Early germination and the appearance of the maximum number of new individuals in these three wintering options indicate that S. natans adapts to the seasonal climate with low winter temperatures and warm summers. Dormancy of S. natans spores belongs to the forced type. Dry storage delayed germination of megasporangia for a period of two weeks to a month. The dormancy of S. natans spores belongs to the forcedtype, since the content of sporangia in water in the light and at room temperature showed the possibility of the appearanceof new individuals in October-November.
Study of native dendroflora of Khabarovsk city
Authors: Borzenkova T. G.
Published: October 2021

The problem of studying the dendroflora of cities is relevant when conducting modern ecological andbotanical research. The article presents the results of an inventory of native dendroflora of the city of Khabarovsk. Anannotated list of 116 species from 27 families was compiled, which exceeds the corresponding figures for the dendrofloraof Vladivostok and Birobidzhan. At the same time, the dendroflora of Komsomolsk-on-Amur, Blagoveshchensk,Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky is much richer in terms of plant composition. Taxonomic, general, and biomorphologicalanalyzes of the flora have been carried out. The leading botanic families have been identified: Rosaceae, Salicaceae,Betulaceae, Caprifoliaceae. Large species are: Salix, Acer, Betula, Lonicera, Ulmus, Picea, Populus, Ribes, Spiraea, Rosa,Euonymus. Among woody plants, East Asian species predominate, which corresponds to the position of the city ofKhabarovsk within the Manchurian region of the East Asian floristic region. The nemoral group is the richest in species,which is typical for broad-leaved and coniferous-broad-leaved forests of the temperate zone. Analysis of life forms andrhythms of annual development show the predominance of summer-green shrubs, evergreen and summer-green trees inthe flora of the city. There is a small number of lianas, dwarf shrubs. Dwarf forms in the dendroflora of the city are rare,they are found on the territory of the Far Eastern Forestry Research Institute‘s Arboretum. There is rare and protectedspices in the flora of the city – Taxus cuspidata.
Molecular phylogenetic study of rare weed-field species of the genus Avena L.
Authors: Gnutikov A. A. , Nosov N. N. , Loskutov I. G. , Blinova E. V. , Rodionov A. V.
Published: October 2021

A molecular phylogenetic study of weed-field species of the genus Avena L. using marker sequences ITS1–5.8S rRNA gene–ITS2 was undertaken. In addition, next-generation sequencing (NGS) was performed on the Illuminaplatform for the ITS1 sequence and the beginning of the gene 5.8S rRNA. Sanger sequencing results revealed the separateclade of microspecies with a good level of support and small level of difference between themselves. According to NGSsequencing data, the two most abundant subgenomes in terms of the number of sequences were identified. Among thecommon sequences of hexaploids, those associated with the C-genome were not found. The presence of unique ribotypeswas shown for A. persica and A. georgica.
The analysis of pine cenoses flora in Krasnoyarsk forest-steppe
Authors: Goncharova I. A. , Skripalshikova L. N. , Barchenkov A. P.
Published: October 2021

The aim of the paper is the floristic analysis at the Krasnoyarsk forest-steppe pine cenoses. This problemrequires detailed research under the constant anthropogenic pressure. A flora inventory was carried out, vascular plantsspecies composition was determined. As a result, a summary of the flora was compiled, which includes 126 species from107 genera, 46 families, 6 classes, 5 divisions. Floristic analysis was carried out by the method of specific flora, taking intoaccount herbarium materials. The taxonomic, chorological, zonal, ecological, biomorphological flora structure featureswere determined based on the analysis of floristic data. The protected taxes have been identified. The peculiarities ofvegetation cover species composition are marked on the basis of the comprehensive flora analysis. The authors madethe conclusion that mesophytes of the light-coniferous and forest-steppe belt-zone groups with the Eurasian and EuroSiberian ranges predominate in the pine cenoses flora at the Krasnoyarsk forest-steppe. The most part of species havethe life forms hemicryptophytes and cryptophytes. Species to be protected have been discovered: Cypripedium calceolus,C. guttatum, C. macranthon, Neottianthe cucullata.
Tactics and life strategies of cenopopulation Hordeum brevisubulatum (Trin.) Link
Authors: Kardashevskaya K. V. , Kardashevskaya V. E. , Khabytcharova A. G.
Published: October 2021

Survival tactics and strategy of Hordeum brevisubulatum the dominant of meadow phytocenoses in CentralYakutia were studied. Traits-indicators annually change ontogenetic tactics, except for the taxonomic trait-indicator.Protective-stress and stress-protective ontogenetic strategy and CS type of ecological-coenotic strategin were established.
Analysis of the phytoplankton taxa composition in Lake Kuludinskoye (Altai Krai) based on retrospective data
Authors: Kosacheva Yu. N. , Mitrofanova E. Yu.
Published: October 2021

The phytoplankton of Lake Kulundinskoye based on retrospective data 2001–2020 is characterized bya high species diversity. 157 species, subspecies and forms of the eight divisions – Cyanophyta (51), Ochrophyta (5),Bacillariophyta (32), Euglenozoa (9), Cryptophyta (6), Miozoa (3), Chlorophyta (50), Charophyta (1) were revealed. Bluegreen and green algae with the families Oscillatoriaceae, Synechococcaceae, Scenedesmaceae, Merismopediaceae andChlamydomonadaceae among them are the most important groups in the lake phytoplankton.
Hedysarum razoumovianum Fisch. et Helm. ex DC. in culture of Volgograd regional botanical garden
Authors: Malaeva E. V. , Suprun N. A.
Published: October 2021

The application of isolated plant tissue and organs is getting more and more actual along with traditionalplant ex situ conservation methods. The peculiarities of hormon regulation of morphogenesis have been established fora Hedysarum razoumovianum cultivation. Optimal concentrations of growth regulators for stages of induction of explantdevelopment, microshoots regeneration and their rooting have been chosen. The development of reproduction plantsmethods is the basis of gene pool preservation.
Genomic constitution of diploid species of the genus Avena L. with A-genome according to the data of the next-generation sequencing (NGS)
Authors: Nosov N. N. , Gnutikov A. A. , Loskutov I. G. , Blinova E. V. , Rodionov A. V.
Published: October 2021

For diploid (2x) species with the A-genome, as well as for hexaploid (6x) from the genus Avena, a locus-specific next-generation sequencing (NGS) of the sequence of the region of the internal transcribed spacer ITS1 and the beginning of the 5.8S rRNA gene was carried out on the Illumina platform. The high diversity and heterogeneity of the genomes of diploid species are shown. It was revealed that the genomes of modern diploid oat species are relatively far removed from the hexaploid species. It was found that A. canariensis occupies an isolated position among other diploid species, and also takes only an insignificant role in the formation of hexaploid genomes.
Dinamics of phytocoenoses and regeneration in the conditional clear cutting of the mesophyte herbs subtaiga larch forest of East Khentey, Mongolia
Authors: Tushigmaa J. , Undraa M. , Dorjsuren Ch.
Published: October 2021

The article presents the results of a 40 years study of the reforestation of undergrowth and the dynamicsof the plant community after conditionally clear cutting of the larch forest of Eastern Khentey. In the conditionally clearcutting of the mesophyte herbs subtaiga larch forest the regenerative succession goes through 5 serial stages: 1) Herbssheep fescue community (2–6 years), 2) Grass-herbs-sheep fescue community (8–15 years), 3) Sedge-sheep fescue-herbsbirch-larch young stands (22–28 years old), 4) Sheep fescue-herbs larch-birch young stands (37 years old), 5) Grass-herbsbirch-larch young stands (40 years old).
The lichens in aluminum plants vicinities of Irkutsk region
Authors: Kharpukhaeva T. M.
Published: October 2021

The aim of our work was to assess the diversity of lichens in the forests polluted by the air emissions fromthe Bratsk (BRAZ), Irkutsk (IRKAZ) and Taishet (TAZ) aluminum smelters, as well as in the background (non-polluted)territories, similar to those by natural and forest-growing conditions. 102 wide-distributed lichen species were found onplots. This amount is due to the fact that the wood tier is sparse and forophytes composition is depleted. The lichen diversity varies in different types of vegetation and according to the influence of anthropogenic factors. Species diversity in vicinities of smelters and in buffer zones are similar, excluding control zones with dark-conifers forests. It’s established that as wemove closer to the aluminum plants – to the IRKAZ and especially BRAZ, the projective cover, the total number of speciesdecreases, and their species composition changes. Clear morphological changes of lichen thalloma were observed in theimpact zone of the BRAZ. Relatively resistant to atmospheric pollution lichens are found in the impact and buffer zonesin vicinities of plants. Lichens are absent in the crowns and trunks, but their abundance increases on bases of trees trunks.