bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Lack of Frank Agrammatism in the Nonfluent Agrammatic Variant of Primary Progressive Aphasia
Authors: Graham Naida L. , Leonard Carol , Tang-Wai David F. , Black Sandra , Chow Tiffany W. , Scott Chris J.M. , McNeely Alicia A. , Masellis Mario , Rochon Elizabeth
Published: September 2016

Background/Aims: Frank agrammatism, defined as the omission and/or substitution of grammatical morphemes with associated grammatical errors, is variably reported in patients with nonfluent variant primary progressive aphasia (nfPPA). This study addressed whether frank agrammatism is typical in agrammatic nfPPA patients when this feature is not required for diagnosis. Method: We assessed grammatical production in 9 patients who satisfied current diagnostic criteria. Although the focus was agrammatism, motor speech skills were also evaluated to determine whether dysfluency arose primarily from apraxia of speech (AOS), instead of, or in addition to, agrammatism. Volumetric MRI analyses provided impartial imaging-supported diagnosis. Results: The majority of cases exhibited neither frank agrammatism nor AOS. Conclusion: There are nfPPA patients with imaging-supported diagnosis and preserved motor speech skills who do not exhibit frank agrammatism, and this may persist beyond the earliest stages of the illness. Because absence of frank agrammatism is a subsidiary diagnostic feature in the logopenic variant of PPA, this result has implications for differentiation of the nonfluent and logopenic variants, and indicates that PPA patients with nonfluent speech in the absence of frank agrammatism or AOS do not necessarily have the logopenic variant.
Dasatinib-Induced T-Cell-Mediated Colitis: A Case Report and Review of the Literature
Authors: Shanshal Mohamed , Shakespeare Andrew , Thirumala Seshadri , Fenton Boyd , Quick Donald P.
Published: September 2016

Dasatinib is a potent inhibitor of the altered tyrosine kinase activity in disease states associated with BCR/ABL1. This agent has been shown to exhibit broad off-target kinase inhibition and immunomodulating properties. These effects may be responsible for dasatinib's unique side effects including a distinctive form of hemorrhagic colitis. We report a case of hemorrhagic colitis associated with dasatinib use in a patient with chronic myelogenous leukemia. Colon biopsies at the time of symptomatic colitis confirmed CD3+CD8+ T cell infiltration. The process rapidly resolved following drug discontinuation, but relapsed when rechallenged with a reduced dose of dasatinib. Colitis did not recur when the patient was treated with an alternative agent. A literature review of prior cases involving dasatinib-induced T-cell mediated colitis provides insight into commonalities that may facilitate the recognition and management of this entity. Most incidences occurred after a 3-month drug exposure and may be accompanied by large granular lymphocytes. The process uniformly resolves within a few days following drug discontinuation and will generally recur in a shorter period of time if the drug is reintroduced. Most patients will require an alternative agent, although select patients could be continued on dasatinib if other options are limited.
Serum SPan-1 Is a Significant Risk Factor for Early Recurrence of Pancreatic Cancer after Curative Resection
Authors: Hosokawa Yuichi , Nagakawa Yuichi , Sahara Yatsuka , Takishita Chie , Katsumata Kenji , Tsuchida Akihiko
Published: September 2016

Background/Aims: Curative resection is still the only treatment for patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). However, early postoperative recurrence occurs frequently. The aim of this study was to investigate the predictors of early recurrence of PDAC. Methods: Clinical data of 172 consecutive patients with PDAC who underwent curative resection (R0) between 2000 and 2015 at Tokyo Medical University Hospital were retrospectively analyzed. Results: The median follow-up period was 18.2 months. Recurrence occurred in 96 of 172 (55.8%) patients, 27 in whom recurrence occurred within 6 months (early recurrence). Median survival time of the early recurrence group was 10.7 months. The optimal cutoff concentrations for the prediction of early recurrence were 111.3 U/ml, 3.0 ng/ml, 41 U/ml and 670 U/ml for CA19-9, carcinoembryonic antigen, SPan-1 and DUPAN-2, respectively. Multivariate analysis demonstrated that a SPan-1 concentration of >41 U/ml, having received neoadjuvant therapy and having never received adjuvant chemotherapy were significant and independent predictors of early recurrence. Conclusion: A preoperative SPan-1 concentration of >41 U/ml is a significant and independent predictor of the early recurrence of pancreatic adenocarcinoma.
The Effects of Donepezil on 15-Item Geriatric Depression Scale Structure in Patients with Alzheimer Disease
Authors: Yang Youngsoon , Kwak Yong Tae
Published: September 2016

Background/Aims: In Alzheimer disease (AD), depression is among the most common accompanying neuropsychiatric symptoms and has different clinical manifestations when compared with early-life depression. In patients with drug-naïve AD, we tried to explore the structure of the 15-item Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS15) and the effect of donepezil on these substructures. Methods: GDS15, cognitive function, and activities of daily living function tests were administered to 412 patients with probable AD who had not been medicated before visiting the hospital. Using principal component analysis, three factors were identified. The patients with AD who received only donepezil were retrospectively analyzed and we compared the change of cognition and GDS15 subgroup after donepezil medication. Results: Our study identified three factors and revealed that the GDS15 may be comprised of a heterogeneous scale. The Barthel index was significantly correlated with factor 1 (positively) and factor 2 (negatively). The Korean version of the MMSE (K-MMSE) was significantly correlated with factor 2 and factor 3. Compared to the baseline state, K-MMSE and GDS15 showed significant improvement after taking donepezil. Among GDS15 subgroups, factor 2 and factor 3 showed significant improvement after donepezil treatment. Conclusions: These results suggest that the GDS15 may be comprised of a heterogeneous scale and donepezil differentially affects the GDS15 subgroup in AD.
Paraneoplastic Dermatomyositis in Hepatocellular Carcinoma with Colonic Perforation: A Case Report
Authors: Miyata Naoteru , Emoto Katsura , Dei Yoshiaki , Tomiyasu Kazuhiro , Ishiyama Ryoko , Horie Tomofumi , Sakai Gen , Tahara Toshiyuki
Published: September 2016

Background: Dermatomyositis (DM) is an autoimmune disease characterized by cutaneous Gottron papules, heliotrope rash, and proximal myopathy. It may also present as a paraneoplastic syndrome that can complicate a variety of different cancers, such as lung, cervical, and breast cancer. However, the association with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is extremely rare. Moreover, to our knowledge, there are no previous reports of colonic perforation following steroid pulse treatment for a DM patient. Case Summary: A 61-year-old male complained of a skin rash that began in his neck and spread to his face and abdomen. On physical examination, the patient was also found to have symmetrical proximal muscle weakness, abdominal pain, heliotrope rash in the periorbital skin, and poikiloderma on his face and abdomen. Serum level of muscle enzymes was remarkably increased. Muscle examination revealed symmetrical proximal weakness. The diagnosis of DM was made, and steroid treatment was started for symptomatic relief. A search for causative malignancy revealed HCC. Despite steroid therapy for DM, his symptoms did not improve. Additionally, C-reactive protein elevation was seen along with severe abdominal pain on day 14 of admission. Shortly after this, the patient died of septic shock due to suppurative peritonitis after perforation of the ascending colon. Conclusion: Here, we present a rare case of DM caused by non-hepatitis-associated advanced HCC with colonic perforation. The cause of colonic perforation is still unclear. This case demonstrates the need to carefully monitor abdominal pain in DM patients as symptoms can be masked by steroid therapy.
The Nuclear Necessity Principle: Making U.S. Targeting Policy Conform with Ethics & the Laws of War
Authors: Lewis Jeffrey G. , Sagan Scott D.
Published: September 2016

In 2013, Obama administration spokesmen stated that all U.S. nuclear war plans “apply the principles of distinction and proportionality and seek to minimize collateral damage to civilian populations and civilian objects.” We analyze U.S. nuclear policy documents and argue that major changes must be made if U.S. nuclear war plans are to conform to these principles of just war doctrine and the law of armed conflict. We propose that the U.S. president announce a commitment to a “principle of necessity,” committing the United States not to use nuclear weapons against any military target that can be destroyed with reasonable probability of success by a conventional weapon. Such a doctrinal change would reduce collateral damage from any nuclear strike or retaliation by the United States and would, we argue, make our deterrent threats more credible and thus more effective.
From Armed Conflict to Political Violence: Mapping & Explaining Conflict Trends
Authors: Krause Keith
Published: September 2016

Most contemporary lethal violence does not occur in conflict zones, the majority of states most affected by lethal violence are not at war, and the levels of lethal violence in many nonconflict settings are higher than in war zones. Much of this nonwar violence is organized, not random, and political in nature. A narrow focus on wars and formal armed conflicts thus obscures the high levels of everyday violence and insecurity around the world. This essay makes the case that adopting a broad understanding of political violence – including violence committed by the state and its agents, and nonphysical violence as the violation of basic rights – is essential to gain insight into the causes and consequences of, and to frame appropriate responses to, war and violence in the twenty-first century.
An updated checklist of Orchidaceae for China, with two new national records
Authors: ZHOU XIAOXU , CHENG ZHIQUAN , LIU QIAOXIA , ZHANG JUNLI , HU AIQUN , HUANG MINGZHONG , HU CHAO , TIAN HUAIZHEN
Published: September 2016

In this study, an updated checklist of Orchidaceae for China is presented based on all recently available literature and online resources relevant to new taxa, national or regional new records, and new taxonomic papers. This checklist includes 208 genera and 1695 taxa. Additionally, two new national records for Orchidaceae from Yunnan, viz. Rhomboda lanceolata and Porpax elwesii, are reported with detailed morphological descriptions and illustrations.
Two new species of gill parasites assigned to Protoancylodiscoides (Monogenea, Ancyrocephalidae) from Chrysichthys spp. (Siluriformes, Claroteidae) in River Sanaga (Cameroon)
Authors: BAYIHA ETIENNE D. BASSOCK , NACK JACQUES , PARISELLE ANTOINE , BILONG CHARLES F. BILONG
Published: September 2016

Host specimens were sampled in the middle course of the River Sanaga (Cameroon) from January to October 2014. Two new species, Protoancylodiscoides auratum n. sp. from Chrysichthys auratus and Protoancylodiscoides combesi n. sp. from C. auratus, Chrysichthys nigrodigitatus and Chrysichthys longidorsalis, are herein described. These new helminths differ from the congeneric species by the size of the haptoral sclerites, the male copulatory organ length, the diameter and morphology of the vagina. At this stage, the present study suggests that Protoancylodiscoides auratum is oioxenous, while P. combesi is stenoxenous. The two new Protoancylodiscoides species bring to three the number of those parasitizing C. auratus, and to four the number of those described from Chrysichthys spp.
A remarkable new species of winter stonefly (Plecoptera: Capniidae) from Southeastern China
Authors: DU YU-ZHOU , CHEN ZHI-TENG
Published: September 2016

A new species of the genus Capnia s.l., C. zijinshana Du & Chen, sp. nov. is described and illustrated from Jiangsu Province, of southeastern China. The new species is distinguished from other known Chinese capniid species by the unique thoracic sclerites and genitalic characters.
Cathorops festae (Boulenger 1898) (Siluriformes; Ariidae), a valid species from Ecuador and Peru
Authors: MARCENIUK ALEXANDRE P. , MARCHENA JOSÉ , BETANCUR-R. RICARDO
Published: September 2016

Over the past decade, the Sea Catfish (Ariidae) genus Cathorops has been the focus of a major taxonomic review, which has resulted in the revalidation of five synonymized nominal species, and the recognition of seven new species. With 21 valid species, Cathorops is currently the most species-rich genus of Ariidae in the New World. The principal lacuna in the taxonomic knowledge of genus species is the uncertain status of Arius festae Boulenger, 1898, described from Naranjal, in the Guayas River basin of Ecuador. In the present study Cathorops festae is redescribed as a valid species based on morphological and molecular data.
Climate Change and Hurricane-Like Extratropical Cyclones: Projections for North Atlantic Polar Lows and Medicanes Based on CMIP5 Models
Authors: Romero R. , Emanuel K.
Published: September 2016

A novel statistical–deterministic method is applied to generate thousands of synthetic tracks of North Atlantic (NA) polar lows and Mediterranean hurricanes (“medicanes”); these synthetic storms are compatible with the climates simulated by 30 CMIP5 models in both historical and RCP8.5 simulations for a recent (1986–2005) and a future (2081–2100) period, respectively. Present-to-future multimodel mean changes in storm risk are analyzed, with special attention to robust patterns (in terms of consensus among individual models) and privileging in each case the subset of models exhibiting the highest agreement with the results yielded by two reanalyses. A reduction of about 10%–15% in the overall frequency of NA polar lows that would uniformly affect the full spectrum of storm intensities is expected. In addition, a very robust regional redistribution of cases is obtained, namely a tendency to shift part of the polar low activity from the south Greenland–Icelandic sector toward the Nordic seas closer to Scandinavia. In contrast, the future change in the number of medicanes is unclear (on average the total frequency of storms does not vary), but a profound reshaping of the spectrum of lifetime maximum winds is found; the results project a higher number of moderate and violent medicanes at the expense of weak storms. Spatially, the method projects an increased occurrence of medicanes in the western Mediterranean and Black Sea that is balanced by a reduction of storm tracks in contiguous areas, particularly in the central Mediterranean; however, future extreme events (winds > 60 kt; 1 kt = 0.51 m s−1) become more probable in all Mediterranean subbasins.
Reducing time to surgery after anterior cruciate ligament injury
Authors: Sapsford H , Sutherland AG
Published: September 2016

Introduction

Recent work suggests that reconstruction of the ruptured anterior cruciate ligament within 12 months of injury results in better outcomes. We present a complete audit cycle examining the effect of establishment of an Acute Knee Clinic on time to surgery.

Methods

Records of 20 anterior cruciate ligament reconstructions undertaken by the senior author between June 2003 and May 2004 were examined to identify the time to surgery. The Acute Knee Clinic was established in December 2004. Prospectively collected data on patients attending the Acute Knee Clinic between May 2005 and July 2007 and patients undergoing anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction from September 2006 to 2007 were reviewed with respect to referral route, time from injury to specialist review and time to surgery.

Results

Mean time from injury to surgery of the initial cohort was 14 months (range 3–56). After establishment of the Acute Knee Clinic, 90% of referrals from Accident and Emergency (A&E) were seen by a specialist within four weeks. Between September 2006 and September 2007, 49 patients underwent anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction: 21 came via the Acute Knee Clinic, with a mean time from injury to surgery of 6 months; 28 patients from the elective clinic had a mean time to surgery of 25 months. 95% of Acute Knee Clinic patients and 53 % of elective clinic patients had surgery within 12 months of injury.

Discussion

The Acute Knee Clinic has been shown to reduce the time from injury to anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. The Acute Knee Clinic only accounts for the referral of 40% of anterior cruciate ligament reconstructions in this series: Further education work is required with A&E staff and GPs regarding the referral of knee injuries. Access to the Acute Knee Clinic could be extended to GPs, although this could create service overload.
Risk Assessment Trajectories of Youth During Juvenile Justice Residential Placement
Authors: Baglivio Michael T. , Wolff Kevin T. , Piquero Alex R. , Howell James C. , Greenwald Mark A.
Published: September 2016

Although the Risk–Needs–Responsivity framework has become the dominant paradigm in criminal and juvenile justice, little empirical attention has been given to the reassessment component of the model. Here, we examine dynamic risk and promotive factor trajectories of 6,442 residential commitment placements to assess differences in progression with respect to risk reduction and promotive enhancement through a buffer score rubric (buffer = promotive − risk). Results indicate that youth progress along different buffer trajectories throughout residential placement. Multinomial models also demonstrate that dynamic, changeable factors are more essential in distinguishing trajectory group membership than demographic or criminal history indicators. Finally, there were significant differences in recidivism rates across trajectories postcompletion, suggesting that improvement in (the rate of change in) buffer scores may account for some of the variation in offending behavior postrelease. Programmatic and policy implications are discussed.
An Intention-Based Account of Perspective-Taking
Authors: Lucas Brian J. , Galinksy Adam D. , Murnighan Keith J.
Published: September 2016

Perspective-taking often increases generosity in behavior and attributions. We present an intentions-based account to explain how perspective-taking can both decrease and increase moral condemnation. Consistent with past research, we predicted perspective-taking would reduce condemnation when the perspective-taker initially attributed benevolent intent to a transgressor. However, we predicted perspective-taking would increase condemnation when malevolent intentions were initially attributed to the wrongdoer. We propose that perspective-taking amplifies the intentions initially attributed to a transgressor. Three studies measured and manipulated intention attributions and found that perspective-taking increased condemnation when malevolent intentions were initially attributed to a transgressor. Perspective-taking also increased costly punishment of a transgressor, an effect mediated by malevolent intentions. In contrast, empathy did not increase punitive responses, supporting its conceptual distinction from perspective-taking. Whether perspective-taking leads to forgiveness or condemnation depends on the intentions the perspective-taker initially attributes to a transgressor.
Personality Traits, Ego Development, and the Redemptive Self
Authors: Guo Jen , Klevan Miriam , McAdams Dan P.
Published: September 2016

Life narratives are the internalized stories that people construct to provide meaning, purpose, and coherence in their lives. Prior research suggests that psychologically healthy and socially engaged adults generally narrate their lives in a prototypical fashion labeled the redemptive self, consisting of five themes: (a) a sense of childhood advantage, (b) empathy for others’ sufferings, (c) moral steadfastness, (d) turning of negative events into positive outcomes (redemption sequences), and (e) prosocial goals. The current study examines trait correlates of the redemptive self in 157 late-midlife adults. Summing thematic scores across 12 life story interview scenes, the redemptive self was positively associated with four of the Big Five traits: extraversion, conscientiousness, agreeableness, and emotional stability, but unrelated to cognitive features of personality, as assessed on openness and ego development. The findings suggest those with positive socio-emotional personality traits, but not necessarily a proclivity for sophisticated thoughts, tend to have redemptive life stories.
Do Cognitive Patterns of Strengths and Weaknesses Differentially Predict Errors on Reading, Writing, and Spelling?
Authors: Liu Xiaochen , Marchis Lavinia , DeBiase Emily , Breaux Kristina C. , Courville Troy , Pan Xingyu , Hatcher Ryan C. , Koriakin Taylor , Choi Dowon , Kaufman Alan S.
Published: September 2016

This study investigated the relationship between specific cognitive patterns of strengths and weaknesses (PSWs) and the errors children make in reading, writing, and spelling tests from the Kaufman Test of Educational Achievement–Third Edition (KTEA-3). Participants were selected from the KTEA-3 standardization sample based on five cognitive profiles: High Crystallized Ability paired with Low Processing Speed and Long-Term Retrieval (High Gc), Low Crystallized Ability paired with High Processing Speed and Long-Term Retrieval (High Gs/ Glr), Low Orthographic Processing (Low OP), Low Phonological Processing (Low PP), and Low Phonological Processing paired with Low Orthographic Processing (Low PP_OP). Error factor scores for all five groups were compared on Reading Comprehension and Written Expression; the first four groups were compared on Letter & Word Recognition, Nonsense Word Decoding, and Spelling, and the first three groups were compared on Phonological Processing. Significant differences were noted among the patterns of errors demonstrated by the five groups. Findings support the notion that students with diverse cognitive PSWs display different patterns of errors on tests of academic achievement.
Cognitive Development in Infantile-Onset Pompe Disease Under Very Early Enzyme Replacement Therapy
Authors: Lai Chih-Jou , Hsu Ting-Rong , Yang Chia-Feng , Chen Shyi-Jou , Chuang Ya-Chin , Niu Dau-Ming
Published: September 2016

Most patients with infantile-onset Pompe disease die in early infancy before beginning enzyme replacement therapy, which has made it difficult to evaluate the impact of Pompe disease on cognitive development. Patients with infantile-onset Pompe disease can survive with enzyme replacement therapy, and physicians can evaluate cognitive development in these patients. We established an effective newborn screening program with quick clinical diagnostic criteria. Cognitive and motor development were evaluated using the Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development–Third Edition at 6, 12, and 24 months of age. The patients who were treated very early demonstrate normal cognitive development with no significant change in cognition during this period ( P = .18 > .05). The cognitive development was positively correlated with motor development ( r = 0.533, P = .011). The results indicated that very early enzyme replacement therapy could protect cognitive development in patients with infantile-onset Pompe disease up to 24 months of age.
NeuroDebian Virtual Machine Deployment Facilitates Trainee-Driven Bedside Neuroimaging Research
Authors: Cohen Alexander , Kenney-Jung Daniel , Botha Hugo , Tillema Jan-Mendelt
Published: September 2016

Freely available software, derived from the past 2 decades of neuroimaging research, is significantly more flexible for research purposes than presently available clinical tools. Here, we describe and demonstrate the utility of rapidly deployable analysis software to facilitate trainee-driven translational neuroimaging research. A recipe and video tutorial were created to guide the creation of a NeuroDebian-based virtual computer that conforms to current neuroimaging research standards and can exist within a HIPAA-compliant system. This allows for retrieval of clinical imaging data, conversion to standard file formats, and rapid visualization and quantification of individual patients’ cortical and subcortical anatomy. As an example, we apply this pipeline to a pediatric patient’s data to illustrate the advantages of research-derived neuroimaging tools in asking quantitative questions “at the bedside.” Our goal is to provide a path of entry for trainees to become familiar with common neuroimaging tools and foster an increased interest in translational research.
Infrastructure or Attraction? Image-led Planning and the Intangible Objectives of Rapid Transit Projects
Authors: Higgins Christopher D. , Kanaroglou Pavlos S.
Published: September 2016

Many rapid transit projects are justified by a desire to achieve intangible city image and branding goals such as promoting messages of modernity, economic growth, global competitiveness, and world city status. The relationship between rapid transit and city image is poorly understood in the planning literature. In response, this article presents a theoretical framework of rapid transit in image-led planning. The framework and examples of rapid transit in image-led planning in practice reveal that while important, rapid transit alone is not a sufficient condition for wholesale image change, and image-led planning must be mindful of a host of important practical considerations.
Moral Dilemmas of Transnational Migration
Authors: Hoang Lan Anh
Published: September 2016

Given that care duties are central to the definition of motherhood across contexts, an extended separation from the woman’s family due to migration presents a major threat to her social identity as a mother and wife. Drawing on West and Zimmerman’s notion of “doing gender” and ethnographic research on Vietnamese low-waged contract workers in Taiwan, I provide vital insights into the discursive processes and everyday practices that underlie migrant women’s negotiations of motherhood and femininity. Specifically, I examine the various ways migrant women perform and negotiate meanings of hy sinh (self-sacrifice) and chịu đựng (endurance) that are core values of Vietnamese womanhood. Combating the stigma of bad motherhood and failed femininity, I emphasize, is not just about reasserting one’s sense of gendered self but also about reassuring her access to the future support and care of the family. The study emphasizes intentionality and pragmatism in women’s social doings of gender and highlights moral dilemmas in gender politics.
Determination of the isentropic turbine efficiency due to adiabatic measurements and the validation of the conditions via a new criterion
Authors: Zimmermann R , Baar R , Biet C
Published: September 2016

The determination of the isentropic turbine efficiency under adiabatic and SAE boundary conditions is studied in this paper. The study is structured into two parts. The first part describes the possibility of measuring the isentropic turbine efficiency directly. Normally this is not possible in measurements conducted following the SAE J922 guidelines. Therefore, the experiments have been carried out under adiabatic conditions, and combined with improved measuring equipment. The results were compared with adiabatic computational fluid dynamics simulations of this turbocharger. In the second part, a new criterion is defined in order to evaluate the quality of the adiabatic measurements and compare them with standard measurements. The investigation has been carried out with multiple turbochargers ranging from very small to medium passenger car size turbochargers. In the end, a possible application for the criterion is given.
Randomized Trial of PMTO in Foster Care: Six-Month Child Well-Being Outcomes
Authors: Akin Becci A. , Lang Kyle , McDonald Thomas P. , Yan Yueqi , Little Todd
Published: September 2016

Objective:

This study tested the effectiveness of Parent Management Training, Oregon (PMTO) model on child social–emotional well-being.

Methods:

Using a randomized controlled design and three measures of social–emotional well-being, the study investigated effectiveness of PMTO with families of children in foster care with serious emotional disturbance (SED). Participants included children (3–16 years) and parents who were randomly assigned to PMTO ( n = 461) or services as usual ( n = 457). Study condition was known to participants and assessors. Six months after baseline, analysis of covariance models examined the intervention’s overall effect and time interactions using intent-to-treat analysis. Follow-up analyses identified salient predictors of well-being.

Results:

PMTO demonstrated small but significant positive effects on three primary outcomes: social–emotional functioning (Cohen’s d = .31), problem behaviors (Cohen’s d = .09), and prosocial skills (Cohen’s d = .09).

Conclusion:

Results suggest that PMTO was effective at improving short-term social–emotional well-being in a high-risk population of children with SED.
Bridge Therapy Outcomes in Patients With Mechanical Heart Valves
Authors: Delate Thomas , Meisinger Stephanie M. , Witt Daniel M. , Jenkins Daniel , Douketis James D. , Clark Nathan P.
Published: September 2016

Background:

Bridge therapy is associated with an increased risk of major bleeding in patients with atrial fibrillation and venous thromboembolism (TE) without a corresponding reduction in TE. The benefits of bridge therapy in patients with mechanical heart valve (MHV) prostheses interrupting warfarin for invasive procedures are not well described.

Methods and Results:

A retrospective cohort study was conducted at an integrated health-care delivery system. Anticoagulated patients with MHV interrupting warfarin for invasive diagnostic or surgical procedures between January 1, 2006, and March 31, 2012, were identified. Patients were categorized according to exposure to bridge therapy during the periprocedural period and TE risk (low, medium, and high). Outcomes validated via manual chart review included clinically relevant bleeding, TE, and all-cause mortality in the 30 days following the procedure. There were 547 procedures in 355 patients meeting inclusion criteria. Mean cohort age was 65.2 years, and 38% were female. Bridge therapy was utilized in 466 (85.2%) procedures (95.2%, 77.3%, and 65.8% of high, medium, and low TE risk category procedures, respectively). The 30-day rate of clinically relevant bleeding was numerically higher in bridged (5.8%; 95% confidence interval [CI], 3.9%-8.3%) versus not bridged procedures (1.2%; 95% CI, <0.1%-6.7%; P = .102). No TEs or deaths were identified.

Conclusion:

The use of bridge therapy is common among patients with MHV and may be associated with increased bleeding risk. Further research is needed to determine whether bridge therapy reduces TE in patients with MHV interrupting warfarin for invasive procedures.
Sluggish Cognitive Tempo and Speed of Performance
Authors: Wood Whitney L. M. , Potts Heather E. , Lewandowski Lawrence J. , Lovett Benjamin J.
Published: September 2016

Objective: This study examined whether college students who reported higher levels of sluggish cognitive tempo (SCT) symptoms were actually more “sluggish” in their performance while completing speeded cognitive and academic measures. Method: College students ( N = 253) completed self-reports of SCT and their reading and test-taking abilities as well as tests of processing speed, reading fluency, and reading comprehension. Results: Across all variables, SCT symptoms were most significantly associated with self-reported difficulty on timed reading tasks. However, students with high SCT scores were not significantly slower than controls on any of the timed tasks. Conclusion: In college students, self-reports of high SCT levels do not suggest actual slow performance on cognitive and academic tasks.
The Clinical Characteristics of ADHD and Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder Comorbidity
Authors: Mersin Kilic Sanem , Dondu Ayse , Memis Cagdas Oyku , Ozdemiroglu Filiz , Sevincok Levent
Published: September 2016

Objective: To investigate the clinical implications of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and ADHD comorbidity in adults. Method: The OCD patients who had and had no diagnosis of adulthood ADHD were compared in terms of several demographic and clinical variables. Results: The mean number of obsessions and compulsions; hoarding, symmetry, and miscellaneous obsessions; ordering/arranging and hoarding compulsions; total, attentional, and motor subscale scores of Barratt Impulsivity Scale (BIS)-11 were more frequent among the patients with OCD-ADHD. The mean age of onset was more likely to be earlier in ADHD-OCD group than in OCD group. Impulsivity, symmetry obsessions, and hoarding compulsions strongly predicted the coexistence between ADHD and OCD. Conclusion: OCD-ADHD comorbidity in adults seemed to be associated with an earlier onset of OCD, with the predominance of impulsivity, and with a different obsessive-compulsive symptom (OC) profile from OCD patients without a diagnosis of ADHD.
Effects of Music Intervention on State Anxiety and Physiological Indices in Patients Undergoing Mechanical Ventilation in the Intensive Care Unit
Authors: Lee Chiu-Hsiang , Lee Chien-Ying , Hsu Ming-Yi , Lai Chiung-Ling , Sung Yi-Hui , Lin Chung-Ying , Lin Long-Yau
Published: September 2016

Patients in intensive care units (ICUs) often experience stress and anxiety. Although stress and anxiety can be pharmacologically attenuated, some drugs cause adverse side effects such as bradycardia, immobility, and delirium. There is thus a need for an alternative treatment with no substantial adverse effects. Music intervention is a potential alternative. In the present study, we used cortisol levels, subjective questionnaires, and physiological parameters to explore the anxiety-reducing effects of music intervention in a sample of ICU patients on mechanical ventilation. Patients admitted to the ICU for ≥ 24 hr were randomly assigned to the music intervention ( n = 41) or control group ( n = 44). Music group patients individually listened to music from 4:00 to 4:30 p.m.; control group patients wore headphones but heard no music for the same 30 min. Anxiety was measured using serum cortisol levels, the Chinese Version of the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, the Visual Analogue Scale for Anxiety, heart rate, and blood pressure. After adjusting for demographics, analysis of covariance showed that the music group had significantly better scores for all posttest measures ( p < .02) and pre–post differences ( p < .03) except for diastolic blood pressure. Because of music intervention’s low cost and easy administration, clinical nurses may want to use music to reduce stress and anxiety for ICU patients. A single 30-min session might work immediately without any adverse effects. However, the duration of the effect is unclear; thus, each patient’s mood should be monitored after the music intervention.
The pre-hospital management of life-threatening chest injuries: A consensus statement from the Faculty of Pre-Hospital Care, Royal College of Surgeons of Edinburgh
Authors: Leech Caroline , Porter Keith , Steyn Richard , Laird Colville , Virgo Imogen , Bowman Richard , Cooper David
Published: September 2016

‘The pre-hospital management of chest injury: a consensus statement’ was originally published by the Faculty of Pre-hospital Care, Royal College of Surgeons of Edinburgh in 2007. To update the pre-existing guideline, a consensus meeting of stakeholders was held by the Faculty of Pre-hospital Care in Coventry in November 2013. This paper provides a guideline for the pre-hospital management of patients with the life-threatening chest injuries of tension pneumothorax, open pneumothorax, massive haemothorax, flail chest (including multiple rib fractures), and cardiac tamponade.
Threatened limb from stingray injury
Authors: Shiraev Timothy P , Marucci Damian , McMullin Gabrielle
Published: September 2016

We present the case of a 43-year-old female who suffered a stingray injury to her left ankle. The sting caused occlusion of the dorsalis pedis artery, causing dry gangrene of the medial forefoot. A below knee amputation was recommended but she was transferred for a second opinion. A Prostaglandin E1 infusion was commenced, resulting in alleviation of pain and improvement in perfusion. Amputation of great and second toes was performed, with the head of the first metatarsal preserved and covered via a cross-over skin flap raised from the contralateral leg. Achilles tendon lengthening was then performed to return the foot to a functional position. This case serves to highlight the utility of prostaglandin infusion, and the requirement for a multidisciplinary approach to critical limb ischemia in order to avoid major amputation.
Both canonical and non-canonical NF-κB activation contribute to the proliferative response of the middle ear mucosa during bacterial infection
Authors: Cho Chang Gun , Pak Kwang , Webster Nicholas , Kurabi Arwa , Ryan Allen F
Published: September 2016

A major aspect of pathology in otitis media (OM), the most common childhood bacterial disease, is hyperplasia of the middle ear mucosa. Activation of innate immune receptors during OM leads to the activation of NF-κB, a pleiotropic transcription factor involved both in inflammation and tissue growth. To explore the role of NF-κB in mucosal hyperplasia during OM, we evaluated the expression of genes involved in two modes of NF-κB activation during a complete episode of acute, bacterial OM in mice. We also determined the effects of inhibitors of each pathway on infection-stimulated mucosal growth in vitro. A majority of the genes that mediate both the canonical and the non-canonical pathways of NF-κB activation were regulated during OM, many with kinetics related to the time course of mucosal hyperplasia. Inhibition of either pathway reduced the growth of cultured mucosal explants in a dose-dependent manner. However, inhibition of the canonical pathway produced a greater effect, suggesting that this mode of NF-κB activation dominates mucosal hyperplasia during OM.
Open Reduction Internal Fixation of Posterior Malleolus Fractures and Iatrogenic Injuries
Authors: Karbassi John A. , Braziel Andrew , Garas Peter K. , Patel Abhay R.
Published: September 2016

Open reduction internal fixation of posterior malleolus fractures from a posterior approach is gaining popularity. One concern that has not been studied is the risk of iatrogenic injury to anatomical structures on the anterior ankle. The purpose of this study is to determine the proximity of these anterior structures with relation to K-wires advanced through the anterior cortex. A total of 10 cadaver ankles were utilized in the study. A posterolateral approach to the ankle was used. K-wires were advanced at varying levels above the articular surface, and then, the proximity of the wires to the following structures was determined: the neurovascular bundle, tibialis anterior (TA), and extensor hallucis longus. Overall, the structure most in danger of being injured was the TA (P < .001). This tendon was injured by 52% of all K-wires. These data suggest that K-wires should be advanced under direct fluoroscopic visualization to minimize the risk of iatrogenic injury.

Levels of Evidence: Level IV
Effective messaging to communicate news media literacy concepts to diverse publics
Authors: Vraga Emily K , Tully Melissa
Published: September 2016

In an evolving news environment, our understanding and application of “news media literacy” must also evolve to equip individuals with the skills to critically engage with news and participate in public life. Using an experimental design, this study tests different news media literacy messages to determine whether certain messages appeal to some groups over others and whether their effectiveness depends on the media context in which they are consumed by pairing these messages with a clip from The Daily Show. Our findings suggest that different news media literacy messages were seen as successful in conveying their message and promoting political engagement, but these effects also depend on media context and audience characteristics. This study fills a gap by developing and testing realistic news media literacy messages for their democratic potential.
Impact of an education intervention on nursing diagnoses in free-text format in electronic health records: A pretest–posttest study in a medical department at a university hospital
Authors: Nøst Torunn Hatlen , Frigstad Sigrun Aasen , André Beate
Published: September 2016

Discussions on how nursing documentation should be carried out have been ongoing for the last decade. In this study, free-text format for nursing diagnoses was introduced to nursing staff at a university hospital in Norway. The aim of the study was to investigate the impact of an education intervention introducing nursing diagnoses in a free-text format following a problem-etiology-symptom structure. A pretest–posttest design was performed to assess changes in quality and quantity in the nursing documentation using the audit instrument N-Catch II. Several elements in the nursing documentation had statistically significant changes; the largest was found for quantity in nursing diagnoses. Education interventions aimed to improve nurses’ documentation in the electronic health record may have an effect on more complete and accurate nursing documentation. The presented education intervention showed a significant impact of more accurate nursing diagnoses and significant improvements in nursing documentation.
Invisible Transfer
Authors: Schieber Danica L.
Published: September 2016

Much research shows that students do not transfer learning well from one class to the next. This study was designed to investigate if students were transferring rhetorical strategies from their disciplinary courses to advanced writing courses. The findings suggest that business majors not only transferred rhetorical knowledge from their other courses, but they did so in a way that is invisible to both themselves and their own writing instructors.
Managing Pain in Patients With Cancer: The Chinese Good Pain Management Experience
Authors: Yu Shi-Ying , Wang Jie-Jun , Huang Yu-guang , Hu Bing , Wang Kun , Li Ping Ping , Wu Yi-Long , Zhang He-Long , Zhang Li , Zhang Qing-Yuan , Qin Shu-Kui
Published: September 2016

Purpose

The number of cancer cases in China has increased rapidly from 2.1 million in 2000 to 4.3 million in 2015. As a consequence, pain management as an integral part of cancer treatment became an important health care issue. In March 2011, the Good Pain Management (GPM) program was launched to standardize the treatment of cancer pain and improve the quality of life for patients with cancer. With this work, we will describe the GPM program, its implementation experience, and highlight key lessons that can improve pain management for patients with cancer.

Methods

We describe procedures for the selection, implementation, and assessment procedures for model cancer wards. We analyzed published results in areas of staff training and patient education, pain management in practice, analgesic drugs administration, and patient follow-up and satisfaction.

Results

Pain management training enabled medical staff to accurately assess the level of pain and to provide effective pain relief through timely dispensation of medication. Patients with good knowledge of treatment of pain were able to overcome their aversion to opioid drugs and cooperate with nursing staff on pain assessment to achieve effective drug dose titration. Consumption of strong opioid drugs increased significantly; however, there was no change for weaker opioids. Higher pain remission rates were achieved for patients with moderate-to-severe pain levels. Proper patient follow-up after discharge enabled improved outcomes to be maintained.

Conclusion

The GPM program has instituted a consistent and high standard of care for pain management at cancer wards and improved the quality of life for patients with cancer.
VEGF induces signalling and angiogenesis by directing VEGFR2 internalisation through macropinocytosis
Authors: Basagiannis Dimitris , Zografou Sofia , Murphy Carol , Fotsis Theodore , Morbidelli Lucia , Ziche Marina , Bleck Christopher , Mercer Jason , Christoforidis Savvas
Published: September 2016

Endocytosis plays a crucial role in receptor signalling. VEGFR2 (also known as KDR) and its ligand VEGFA are fundamental in neovascularisation. However, our understanding of the role of endocytosis in VEGFR2 signalling remains limited. Despite the existence of diverse internalisation routes, the only known endocytic pathway for VEGFR2 is the clathrin-mediated pathway. Here, we show that this pathway is the predominant internalisation route for VEGFR2 only in the absence of ligand. Intriguingly, VEGFA induces a new internalisation itinerary for VEGFR2, the pathway of macropinocytosis, which becomes the prevalent endocytic route for the receptor in the presence of ligand, whereas the contribution of the clathrin-mediated route becomes minor. Macropinocytic internalisation of VEGFR2, which mechanistically is mediated through the small GTPase CDC42, takes place through macropinosomes generated at ruffling areas of the membrane. Interestingly, macropinocytosis plays a crucial role in VEGFA-induced signalling, endothelial cell functions in vitro and angiogenesis in vivo, whereas clathrin-mediated endocytosis is not essential for VEGFA signalling. These findings expand our knowledge on the endocytic pathways of VEGFR2 and suggest that VEGFA-driven internalisation of VEGFR2 through macropinocytosis is essential for endothelial cell signalling and angiogenesis.
New links between SOD1 and metabolic dysfunction from a yeast model of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
Authors: Bastow Emma L. , Peswani Amber R. , Tarrant Daniel S. J. , Pentland Daniel R. , Chen Xi , Morgan Alan , Staniforth Gemma L. , Tullet Jennifer M. , Rowe Michelle L. , Howard Mark J. , Tuite Mick F. , Gourlay Campbell W.
Published: September 2016

A number of genes have been linked to familial forms of the fatal motor neuron disease amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Over 150 mutations within the gene encoding superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1) have been implicated in ALS, but why such mutations lead to ALS-associated cellular dysfunction is unclear. In this study, we identify how ALS-linked SOD1 mutations lead to changes in the cellular health of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. We find that it is not the accumulation of aggregates but the loss of Sod1 protein stability that drives cellular dysfunction. The toxic effect of Sod1 instability does not correlate with a loss of mitochondrial function or increased production of reactive oxygen species, but instead prevents acidification of the vacuole, perturbs metabolic regulation and promotes senescence. Central to the toxic gain-of-function seen with the SOD1 mutants examined was an inability to regulate amino acid biosynthesis. We also report that leucine supplementation results in an improvement in motor function in a Caenorhabditis elegans model of ALS. Our data suggest that metabolic dysfunction plays an important role in Sod1-mediated toxicity in both the yeast and worm models of ALS.