bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Correlation of supercritical CO2–ionic liquid vapor–liquid equilibria with the ε*‐modified Sanchez–Lacombe equation of state
Authors: Iguchi Masayuki , Machida Hiroshi , Sato Yoshiyuki , Smith Richard L.
Published: February 2012

The ε*‐modified Sanchez–Lacombe equation of state (ε*‐modified SL EOS) contains a temperature‐dependent interaction energy that allows it to provide better pure component ionic liquid pressure–volume–temperature representation than the original SL EOS. In this work, we applied the ε*‐modified SL EOS to correlate available high pressure CO2–ionic liquid vapor–liquid equilibrium (VLE) data, which are important for developing viscosity correlations. Usual SL EOS mixing rules were applied with one interaction parameter, kij, which was fitted to the data. For the case of kij equal to zero, the ε*‐modified SL EOS could greatly improve the average relative deviation (ARD) of the VLE (ARD 14.6%) over that of the original SL EOS (ARD 44.0%). For the case of kij being fitted for both EOS, representation of the VLE of both equations was similar (ARD ≤ 9%). The ε*‐modified SL EOS is able to describe the vapor–liquid equilibria data over a wide range of pressures (0.1 < P < 100 MPa) and gives semi‐quantitative (ARD < 15%) representation of CO2 solubilities in many ionic liquids from knowledge of only the pure component properties. © 2012 Curtin University of Technology and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Influence of nanoclay on the rheological properties of polyamide 6/acrylonitrile butadiene styrene nanocomposites
Authors: Mojarrad Alireza , Jahani Yousef , Barikani Mehdi
Published: February 2012

The objective of this paper is to study the influence of nanoclay on rheological behavior and phase morphology of immiscible polyamide 6/acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (PA6/ABS) blends. For this purpose, the rheological behavior of PA6/ABS/Nanoclay blends such as storage modulus, relaxation time mechanism, zero‐shear viscosity, interfacial relaxation time, relaxation modulus, interface modulus, and the relationship between rheology and morphology was investigated. It was observed that the relaxation time (λ) and zero‐shear viscosity (η0) increases by increasing of the nanoclay (2–6 wt %) and ABS (15–35 wt %) content. As, the increase in relaxation time of PA6/ABS/Nanoclay blends with increasing of the nanoclay explained through deformation of droplets and the physical interactions across the interface that causes to enhancement of elasticity behavior at low frequencies. In other words, this occurrence causes the relaxation time slightly shifted toward higher values by increasing of nanoclay loading. The relaxation time spectrum caused by the interfacial tension of the droplets can be calculated by subtracting the contribution of the components from the nanocomposite spectrum reported by Gramespacher and Meissner. The results of the study show that the nanoclay localization in blend can be suggested from H(λ)λinterface as a function of relaxation time diagram which nanoclay plates located in matrix, disperse phase, or interphase. In addition, the slopes of relaxation modulus curves decrease by increasing nanoclay and ABS weight fraction, indicating that the relaxation time increases with the addition of nanoclay. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012
Preparation and characterization of nanoparticle‐filled, mixed‐matrix membranes for the pervaporation dehydration of isopropyl alcohol
Authors: Prasad C. Venkata , Yeriswamy B. , Sudhakar H. , Sudhakara P. , Subha M. C. S. , Song J. I. , Rao K.Chowdoji
Published: February 2012

Novel polymeric mixed‐matrix membranes (MMMs) were prepared by the incorporation of different amounts of 13X zeolite into a sodium carboxymethylcellulose (NaCMC)/poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) blend matrix. The resulting MMMs were characterized by attenuated total reflectance–Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy to analyze the possible chemical reactions between NaCMC, PVA, zeolites, and glutaraldehyde. Scanning electron microscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, thermogravimetric analysis, and X‐ray diffraction were used to analyze the surface morphology, thermal stability, and crystallinity, respectively, of the membranes. Swellings studies were performed at 35°C, and we found that membranes containing 20 wt % zeolite showed higher values (960 kg m−2 h−1) at 17.5 wt % water in an isopropyl alcohol (IPA)/water mixture. Pervaporation (PV) experiments were also performed to evaluate the membrane performance in different compositions of the IPA/water mixture at 35°C. The mechanical properties were also tested, and we found that the optimum mechanical strength and percentage elongation at break were 42.24 N/mm2 and 3.38, respectively, for the membrane containing 15 wt % zeolite. The experimental results show that both the flux and selectivity increased with increasing zeolite content. The membrane containing 20 wt % zeolite showed the highest separation selectivity (5118) with a substantial flux of 0.121 kg m−2 h−1 at 35°C and with 10 wt % water in the feed; this suggested that the membranes could be used effectively to break the azeotropic point of the water–IPA mixture, so as to remove a small amount of water from IPA. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012
Synergistic effect of hindered amine light stabilizers/ultraviolet absorbers on the plasticized PVC during photo‐irradiation
Authors: Chai Ruidan , Chen Shuangjun , Zhang Jun
Published: February 2012

Two kinds of piperidine derivatives including a low‐molecular weight (Wt. 481, T770) and a high‐molecular weight (Wt. 2000–3100, C944) hindered amine light stabilizers (HALS) are added singly or with ultraviolet absorbers (UVA) in combination to plasticized poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) samples. Digital photos, color changes, attenuated total refection‐Fourier transform infrared spectra (ATR‐FTIR), and mechanical properties are obtained to investigate the photostable effect of the light stabilizers on the plasticized PVC after artificial aging. PVC samples with HALS perform well at the first 400 h of irradiation in color change, FTIR, and mechanical properties, but at the last 400 h the photostability decreases. Besides, C944 performs better than T770, because C944 is a high‐molecular weight UV stabilizer and has good extraction resistance. Plasticized PVC samples with UVA resist discoloring and photooxidation from the photo‐irradiation. Excellent synergism is observed between the combination of HALS and UVA. PVC with HALS/UVA performs better than PVC with HALS and PVC with UVA in color differences, FTIR, and mechanical properties. The synergism is due to the different stages of functions between HALS and UVA. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012
Influences of exfoliated graphite on structures, thermal stability, mechanical modulus, and electrical resistivity of poly(butylene terephthalate)
Authors: Li Meilu , Jeong Young Gyu
Published: February 2012

We report structural features and multifunctional properties of nanocomposites based on poly(butylene terephthalate) (PBT) and exfoliated graphite (EG), which are manufactured by melt‐compounding technique. Scanning electron microscope and X‐ray diffraction data exhibit that graphene platelets of EG are well dispersed and exfoliated in the PBT matrix even at high EG content of 7.0 wt %. Raman spectra support that graphene platelets of EG are interacted specifically with phenyl rings of PBT chains at nanocomposite interfaces. DSC cooling and following heating thermograms of the nanocomposites demonstrate that graphene platelets of EG play a role as effective nucleating agents for PBT α‐phase crystals and thus lead to accelerating the overall crystallization of the nanocomposites. Thermal stability of PBT/EG nanocomposites is improved substantially due to the gas barrier effect of graphene platelets of EG dispersed in the PBT matrix, especially at the active oxygen gas condition. Dynamic mechanical modulus of the nanocomposites is also enhanced significantly with increasing the EG content. The electrical volume resistivity of the nanocomposites is decreased dramatically from ∼ 1018 to ∼ 106 Ω cm by forming the electrical conduction path at a certain EG content between 3 and 5 wt %. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012
Fluoro‐functionalized PLA polymers as potential water‐repellent coating materials for protection of stone
Authors: Giuntoli Giulia , Rosi Luca , Frediani Marco , Sacchi Barbara , Frediani Piero
Published: February 2012

A series of sixteen fluoro‐functionalized poly(lactic acid)s were synthesised using two commercial fluorinated alcohols [3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,7,7,8,8,8‐tridecafluoro‐1‐octanol and 4‐(3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,7,7,8,8,8‐tridecafluorooctyl)benzyl alcohol] as co‐initiators in the ring‐opening polymerization of L‐lactide and rac‐lactide (the racemic mixture of L‐ and D‐lactide) catalyzed by Tin(II) 2‐ethylhexanoate. The polymers were characterized by NMR, IR, GPC, DSC and tested as potential protective coating for stone. The performances were comparatively evaluated in terms of water protection efficacy and colour changes of the treated stone. Furthermore, the photo‐stability of nine selected polymers under Solar Box condition was also investigated. It has been shown that the presence of fluorine makes the stone more water‐repellent. The polymers showed also interesting photo‐stability and some of them provided a behavior close to PLA‐FLK‐PLA block copolymers recently reported in the literature, in spite of their lower fluorine content © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012
Electrical conductivity of polymer blends of poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene): Poly(styrenesulfonate): N‐methyl‐2‐pyrrolidinone and polyvinyl alcohol
Authors: Chen Chang‐hsiu , LaRue John C. , Nelson Richard D. , Kulinsky Lawrence , Madou Marc J.
Published: February 2012

The goal of this study is to determine the electrically conductivity of the polymers poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene): poly(styrenesulfonate): N‐methyl‐2‐pyrrolidinone (PEDOT: PSS: NMP) and PEDOT: PSS when blended with polyvinyl alcohol (PVA). While the conducting polymers have high conductivity when not blended with PVA, they are brittle and difficult to spin‐coat. Thus, the motivation for this study is to develop blends of these two conducting polymers with PVA to produce a material with optimized mechanical properties and that can also be spin‐coated. The blends are produced using aqueous preparations of these materials. Mixtures of various weight percentages (wt %) of PEDOT: PSS: NMP and PEDOT: PSS are prepared and spin‐coated on glass slides to form thin films. In the blends, the film conductivity increases with increasing content of either PEDOT: PSS: NMP or PEDOT: PSS. For example, 100 wt % of PEDOT: PSS: NMP and 60 wt % of PEDOT: PSS: NMP blended with PVA exhibit conductivities of, respectively, 10 and 4.02 S/cm. In contrast, conductivities of only 0.0525 and 0.000506 S/cm are observed, respectively, for 100 wt % of PEDOT: PSS and 60 wt % of PEDOT: PSS content in the PEDOT: PSS/PVA blends (No NMP). The addition of the NMP enhances the electrical conductivity by two to five orders of magnitude (depending on the amount of PVA in the blend) due to conformational change of PEDOT chains. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012
Preparation and characterization of novolak phenol formaldehyde resin from liquefied brown‐rotted wood
Authors: Li Gai‐Yun , Hse Chung‐Yun , Qin Te‐Fu
Published: February 2012

The brown‐rotted wood was liquefied in phenol with phosphoric acid as catalyst and the resulting liquefied products were condensed with formaldehyde to yield novolak liquefied wood‐based phenol formaldehyde resin (LWPF). The results showed that brown‐rotted wood could be more easily liquefied than sound wood in phenol. The residue content of liquefied wood decreased continually with the progress of brown‐rot decay. Both water wash and neutralization and water wash slightly improved the thermofluidity and curing properties of LWPF with a small reduction of LWPF yield. An increase in phenol to wood (P/W) ratio from 2 to 3 slightly improved the flow property of LWPF, but with an accompanied by 20% deduction in the product yield. Increased liquefaction time from 30 min to 60 min showed no significant influence on the resulting LWPF. The moldings fabricated from LWPF yielded higher charpy impact, flexural and flexural modulus strength but yielded lower temperature deflection under load than that of the commercial novolak resin. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012
Mechanical properties and nanostructure correlation of condensation‐type poly(dimethyl siloxane)/layered silicate hybrids
Authors: Vasilakos S. P. , Tarantili P. A.
Published: February 2012

Composites of silicone rubber reinforced with organomontmorillonite (OMMT) nanoparticles were prepared by direct mixing and characterized in terms of morphology, in correlation with mechanical performance. Two grades of commercial montmorillonite (MMT) with different types of organic modification were studied, namely Cloisite® 20A and Cloisite® 30B. Low, medium, and higher molecular weight PDMS were used as matrices. Using X‐ray diffraction analysis, it was shown that OMMT loadings at a weight ratio to resin ranging from 5 to 10 parts per hundred (phr) can produce delamination hybrids. Mechanical testing showed that for OMMT loadings up to 8 phr, the prepared nanocomposites present higher tensile strength, stiffness, and tear resistance with respect to the neat silicone. Improvement of the solvent resistance was also recorded by swelling experiments in toluene, and this behavior of the nanocomposites is consistent with their mechanical properties. The results showed that processing characteristics, as well as the overall reinforcing efficiency of nanofillers, are greatly dependent on the initial molecular weight of the elastomer, because this parameter controls the resulting network density and concentration of polar end groups. The content of organic modification of MMT was also found as an important characteristic for proper filler dispersion. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012
Heredity and difference of multiple‐scale microstructures in PAN‐based carbon fibers and their precursor fibers
Authors: Yu Meijie , Xu Yong , Wang Chengguo , Hu Xiuying , Zhu Bo , Qiao Kun , Yuan Hua
Published: February 2012

Multiple‐scale microstructures, including skin‐core structure, fibril structure, lamellar structure, crystal/amorphous structure, were found co‐present in the fibers during the whole production process of polyacrylonitrile (PAN)‐based carbon fibers. The structural heredity and difference among them were systematically investigated for the first time by scanning electron microscope, optical microscope, transmission electron microscope, and X‐ray diffraction. The relations between the four kinds of structures and their formation mechanisms were analyzed. The skin‐core structure is contributed to inhomogeneous distribution of composition and chemical structure along the radial direction in oxidative stabilized fibers, which is proved different in PAN precursor fibers and carbon fibers. Fibrils are successively separated from low‐temperature oxidative stabilized fibers by ultrasonic etching in dimethylsulfoxide solution. The separation of individual fibril becomes harder and even impossible in those fibers prepared at temperatures higher than 245°C. This suggests a stronger bonding force between fibrils in high‐temperature oxidative stabilized fibers and carbon fibers. The lamellar structures within fibrils are observed in all of these fibers but with thicker lamella width with increasing temperature. They are unlikely due to the alternatively alignment of crystal regions and amorphous regions as reported by many previous literature, because the oxidative stabilized fibers are amorphous but have lamellar structures. The (002) diffraction arc gives the evidence that the lamellar structure in carbon fibers is not strictly perpendicular to the fiber axis, but have an angle of about 45° with it. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012
Synthesis and characterization of isocyanate‐functionalized PVA‐based polymers with applications as new additives in lubricant formulations
Authors: Moreno G. , de Paz M. V. , Valencia C. , Franco J. M.
Published: February 2012

This work deals with the incorporation of reactive isocyanate groups into polymer additives, which could be potentially used to modify the rheological properties of lubricating greases by reinforcing the role of traditional thickening agents. Thus, a batch of partially protected poly(vinylalcohol) (PVA) copolymers was successfully synthesized. Some of their OH groups were blocked as tetrahydropyranyl (THP) ethers (PVA–THP), while the spare hydroxyl groups were further functionalized with NCO pendant groups by reaction with 1,6‐hexamethylene diisocyanate, leading to several isocyanate‐functionalized PVA‐based polymers (PVA–THP–NCO), which were tested as rheology modifiers of lithium lubricating greases. The highest protection degree of hydroxyl groups achieved as THP‐ether was 58.5% and the recovered polymers were isolated with excellent yields (close to 90% in most cases). NCO‐functionalized PVA‐based polymers (PVA–THP–NCO) exerted a significant rheological modification in lithium 12‐hydroxystearate lubricating greases, increasing the values of the linear viscoelastic functions. The influence of the degree of protection and later functionalization of PVA on the rheological properties of PVA–THP–NCO‐additivated lubricating greases is discussed. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012
Thermal, magnetic, and optical characteristics of ABS‐Fe2O3 nanocomposites
Authors: Nabiyouni Gholamreza , Ghanbari Davood
Published: February 2012

Uniform monodisperse FeOOH and hematite (Fe2O3) nanoparticles were synthesized at room temperature via a facile sonochemical reaction between FeCl3 and NaOH. Fe2O3 nanoparticles were then added to acrylonitrile–butadiene‐styrene (ABS) polymer. Nanoparticles and nanocomposites were characterized using X‐ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared, and photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy techniques. The effect of the presence of FeOOH and Fe2O3 nanoparticles in the polymer matrix on the thermal properties was studied using thermogravimetric analysis and derivative thermogravimetric analysis, in both air and nitrogen atmospheres. The magnetic properties of the samples were also investigated using an alternating gradient force magnetometer. We found that the Fe2O3 nanoparticles exhibit a ferromagnetic behavior with a saturation magnetization of 0.869 emu/g and a coercivity of 191 Oe at room temperature. The coercivity of ABS/ Fe2O3 (5%) nanocomposites is found to be 252 Oe, higher than 226 Oe which is obtained for ABS/Fe2O3 (20%). © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012
Infrared spectroscopy study of photodegradation of polymer modified asphalt binder
Authors: Araujo Maria de Fátima A. de S. , Lins Vanessa de F. C. , Pasa Vânya M. D. , Fonseca Cíntia Gonçalves
Published: February 2012

The effect of solar radiation in the aging of the asphalt binder can be considered relevant in several countries due to the high level of insulation. This article deals with the comparative aging of a conventional asphalt binder and styrene‐butadiene‐styrene modified asphalt binder samples under the effect of weathering. The samples were exposed to cycles of xenon radiation, moisture, and temperature. The degradation of binders was analyzed by using the technique of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The CH/CO ratio decreased 92.5% for the conventional asphalt cement and 74% for the polymer modified asphalt after 150 h of exposure in a weathering chamber. The oxidation resistance of styrene‐butadiene‐styrene modified asphalt binder was higher than the conventional asphalt cement evaluated by using the weathering test and infrared spectroscopy analysis. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012
Electrolyte effects of poly(3‐methylthiophene) via PET/ITO and synthesis of 5‐(3,6‐di(thiophene‐2‐yl)‐9H‐carbazole‐9‐yl) pentanitrile on electrochemical impedance spectroscopy
Authors: Ates Murat , Karazehir Tolga , Uludag Nesimi
Published: February 2012

In this article, 3‐methylthiophene (3MTh) and 5‐(3,6‐di(thiophene‐2‐yl)‐9H‐carbazole‐9‐yl) pentanitrile (ThCzpN) comonomer were electrochemically deposited on poly(ethylene terephthalate)/indium tin oxide (PET/ITO) electrode and carbon fiber micro electrode (CFME) in sodium perchlorate (NaClO4)/acetonitrile (ACN), respectively. ThCzpN comonomer was characterized by 1H‐nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis. Poly(ThCzpN)/CFME is characterized by cyclic voltammetry (CV), Scanning electron microscopy‐energy dispersive X‐ray analysis (SEM‐EDX), and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The detailed characterization of the resulting electrocoated poly(3MTh) on PET/ITO thin films was studied by different techniques, i.e., CV and EIS. The effects of electrolytes after electrocoated of modified electrodes were examined by EIS technique in various electrolytes medium (sodium perchlorate (NaClO4), lithium perchlorate (LiClO4), tetraethyl ammonium tetrafluoroborate (TEABF4), and tetrabutyl ammonium tetrafluoroborate (TBABF4)/acetonitrile (ACN) solution). Capacitive behaviors of modified PET/ITO electrode were defined via Nyquist, Bode‐magnitude, Bode‐Phase, and admittance plots. Variation of capacitance values by various electrolytes and low‐frequency capacitance (CLF) values are presented. CLF value electrocoated polymer thin film by CV method in the 0.1M NaClO4 electrolyte with a charge of 7.898 mC was obtained about 59.1 mF cm−2. The highest low‐frequency capacitance (CLF) was obtained from the Nyquist plot with [ThCzpN]0 = 3 mM as 0.070 mF cm−2. Equivalent circuit model [R(QR(CR)(RW))(CR)] was suggested for poly(3MTh) on PET/ITO in four different electrolytes medium. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012
The preparation, structures, and properties of poly(vinylidene fluoride)/multiwall carbon nanotubes nanocomposites
Authors: Tang Xue‐Gang , Hou Meng , Ge Lei , Zou Jin , Truss Rowan , Yang Wei , Yang Ming‐Bo , Zhu Zhong‐Hua , Bao Rui‐Ying
Published: February 2012

Poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF)/multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) were prepared by a phase inversion technique. Long chain macromolecules, maleic anhydride grafted PVDF (PVDF‐MAH) were used to fine tune the interface. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images revealed that the MWCNTs are quasi‐homogeneously dispersed in the PVDF matrix. The results of differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR‐FTIR) showed that the addition of MWCNTs induced β‐phase PVDF, and both the melting behavior and crystal structures of PVDF did not change obviously by the addition of MWCNTs. However, the addition of long chain macromolecules PVDF‐MAH did not alter the crystal structure according to the ATR‐FTIR test, but significantly changed the melting behavior as evidenced by a multiple melting behavior detected by DSC. Dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) tests showed that both the addition of MWCNTs and PVDF‐MAH increased the storage modulus and the improvement of nanocomposites was better at low temperature regions than high temperature regions. In addition, no significant change of the Tg was observed with the addition of MWCNTs and PVDF‐MAH. Tensile tests showed that the addition of MWCNTs and PVDF‐MAH increased the modulus and tensile strength. Creep test showed that the addition of MWCNTs can increase the creep stability. However, the interfacial modification here was not enough to change the creep behavior significantly. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012
A model of student learning outcomes of information literacy instruction in a business school
Authors: Serenko Alexander , Detlor Brian , Julien Heidi , Booker Lorne D.
Published: February 2012

This study presents and tests a research model of the outcomes of information literacy instruction (ILI) given to undergraduate business students. This model is based on expectation disconfirmation theory and insights garnered from a recent qualitative investigation of student learning outcomes from ILI given at three business schools. The model was tested through a web survey administered to 372 students. The model represents psychological, behavioral, and benefit outcomes as second‐order molecular constructs. Results from a partial least squares (PLS) analysis reveal that expectation disconfirmation influences perceived quality and student satisfaction. These in turn affect student psychological outcomes. Further, psychological outcomes influence student behaviors, which in turn affect benefit outcomes. Based on the study's findings, several recommendations are made.
A ratiometric fluorescent probe for bisulphite anion, employing intramolecular charge transfer
Authors: Wang Gang , Qi Haiping , Yang Xiao‐Feng
Published: February 2012

4‐(1H‐benzimidazol‐2‐yl)benzaldehyde (1) has been developed as a new ratiometric fluorescent probe for bisulphite, based on the modulation of intramolecular charge transfer (ICT). Upon mixing with bisulphite in aqueous ethanol, an aldehyde–bisulphite adduct was formed and the ICT of the probe was switched off, which resulted in a ratiometric fluorescence response with an enhancement of the ratios of emission intensities at 368 and 498 nm. The detection range of the probe for bisulphite is in the 2.0–200 µmol/L concentration range and the detection limit is 0.4 µmol/L. Probe 1 produces a ratiometric fluorescent response to bisulphite with a marked emission wavelength shift (130 nm) and displays high selectivity for bisulphite over other anions. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Review of HPLC methods and HPLC methods with mass spectrometric detection for direct determination of aspirin with its metabolite(s) in various biological matrices
Authors: Mullangi Ramesh , Sharma Kuldeep , Srinivas Nuggehally R.
Published: February 2012

Aspirin, the most widely used drug in the world, has been known to mankind for over a century. It is not only the pharmacologically active entity, but is also biotransformed into a major metabolite, i.e. salicylic acid, which also exhibits similar pharmacologic/pharmacodynamic properties. Hence it is necessary to quantitate aspirin along with its metabolite(s) in various biological matrices accurately and precisely to correlate with pharmacological/pharmacodynamic activity. This paper provides a comprehensive overview of various bioanalytical methods (HPLC and LC‐MS/MS) that have been reported for direct quantitation of aspirin along with its metabolite(s). The review also provides general information on sample collection, sample processing, internal standard selection, conditions for chromatographic separation, succinct validation data and applicable conclusions for reported assays in a structured manner. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Comprehensive chemical profiling of Guizhi Fuling capsule by the combined use of gas chromatography–mass spectrometry with a deconvolution software and rapid‐resolution liquid chromatography quadrupole time‐of‐flight tandem mass spectrometry
Authors: Wang Ya‐Qiong , Qi Lian‐Wen , Aa Jiye , Wang Guang‐Ji , Gao Wen , Cheng Shu‐Jie , Wang Zhen‐Zhong , Xiao Wei , Li Ping
Published: February 2012

Herbal formulations are complex natural mixtures. Researchers usually tend to focus more on analysis of nonvolatile components but pay less attention to volatile compounds. In this study, an analytical strategy combining two approaches was established for comprehensive analysis of herbal formulations. Guizhi Fuling capsule (GFC), a drug approved by the FDA to enter phase II clinical trial for treatment of primary dysmenorrhea, was taken as a case for analysis. Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC‐MS) with automated mass spectral deconvolution and identification system (AMDIS) led to rapid identification of 48 volatile components including four acetophenones, three fatty acid esters, 13 phenylpropanoids and 19 sesquiterpenes. Most of them were found from Guizhi. The volatile oils of Guizhi have been proved to exhibit many pharmacological activities. This is helpful in understanding the pharmacological mechanism of GFC. Furthermore, AMDIS turned out to be efficient and reliable for analysis of complex herbal formulations. Rapid‐resolution liquid chromatography (RRLC) coupled with electrospray ionization quadrupole time‐of‐flight tandem mass spectrometry (ESI‐Q‐TOF MS/MS) allowed the identification of 70 nonvolatile components including six acetophenones, 12 galloyl glucoses, 31 monoterpene glycosides, three phenols and 12 triterpene acids. Fragmentation behaviors of assigned components, especially triterpene acids, which are hard to identify by low‐resolution MS, were first investigated by TOF MS/MS. Characteristic ions and typical loss of assigned triterpene acids were summarized. Combinatorial use of GC‐MS‐AMDIS and RRLC‐ESI‐Q‐TOF MS/MS could be of great help in global qualitative analysis of GFC, as well as other herbal products. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synthesis and Characterization of a Thermoresponsive Polyoxometalate–Polymer Hybrid
Authors: Rieger Jutta , Antoun Tarek , Lee Soo‐Hyon , Chenal Marion , Pembouong Gaëlle , Lesage de la Haye Jennifer , Azcarate Iban , Hasenknopf Bernold , Lacôte Emmanuel
Published: February 2012

We report the synthesis of the first organo‐POM with thermoresponsive properties. Our concept will provide chemists with a new tool to design POMs whose solubility is reversibly controllable through an external stimulus. POM–polymer TBA7[POM]‐poly(N,N‐diethylacrylamide) (POM–PDEAAm), was prepared by grafting PDEAAm‐NH2 (obtained by RAFT polymerization) onto the activated Dawson acyl‐POM, α2‐[P2W17O61SnCH2CH2C(O)]6−. Extensive MS analysis was used to monitor the chain‐functionalization steps and to confirm the formation of the hybrid. Aqueous solutions of the (NH4)7[POM–PDEAAm] exhibited a LCST of 38 °C. Thus, the solubility/aggregation of the hybrid was reversibly controlled by changing the temperature. Above 38 °C, the solution became cloudy, and cleared again upon cooling. Dynamic light scattering (DLS) revealed the formation of small aggregates in the range 100 nm. We assumed that the charged POM head units prevented the formation of the larger‐scattering aggregates that are usually observed for PDEAAm, and promoted the formation of micelle‐like structures. The conjugate exhibited a temperature transition, which was different from that of the polymer and depended on the counterions associated with the POM. This result demonstrates the potential for merging organic (in this case, polymer) and inorganic structures to afford materials that exhibit new properties.
Cyclization of Aromatic Propargyl Alcohol with a Thiophene Group Yielding Naphthothiophene Aldehyde Induced by a Ruthenium Complex
Authors: Tsai Fu‐Yuan , Ma Hao‐Wei , Huang Shou‐Ling , Lin Ying‐Chih , Wang Yu , Liu Yi‐Hung
Published: February 2012

The reactions of [Cp(PPh3)2RuCl] (Cp=cyclopentadienyl) with phenyl propargylic alcohol 1 a, with a 3‐thiophene group, are explored. The carbene complex 2 a, obtained exclusively from this reaction at low temperature, contains the naphthothiophene group, which is formed through a new cyclization process between the thiophene group and the inner carbon of the triple bond. Details of this process have been revealed by conducting the reaction at room temperature, affording the allenylidene complex 3 a as a side product. Complex 3 a is not converted into 2 a, indicating that the cyclization takes place while the triple bond is π coordinated to the metal center. Complex 2 a reacts with oxygen in the presence of NEt3 at room temperature to afford, in high yield, naphthothiophene aldehyde 4 a, ONEt3, OPPh3, and [Cp(PPh3)2RuCl]. Molecular O2 is likely activated by coordination to the metal center when one of the phosphane ligands dissociates. Then, NEt3 promotes the oxygenation process by reacting with the coordinated O2 to afford ONEt3 and possibly an unobserved oxo‐carbene complex. Coupling of the oxo and carbene ligands then yields 4 a and [Cp(PPh3)2RuCl] in CHCl3. In a solvent system containing MeOH, the oxygenation reaction affords a mixture of 4 a and naphthothiophene ester 5 a–1. The reactions of [Cp(dppf)RuCl] (dppf=1,1′‐bis(diphenylphosphino)ferrocene) with 1 a, also afford the carbene complex 2 a′, 4 a, and 5 a, which have been characterized by X‐ray diffraction analyses. For the phenyl propargylic alcohol 1 b, with a 2‐thiophene substituent, different naphthothiophene aldehyde and ester compounds are also obtained in high yields through a similar cyclization process followed by oxygenation under mild conditions.
ChemInform Abstract: Crystal Chemistry and Electronic Structure of the Photovoltaic Buffer Layer, (In1‐xAlx)2S3.
Authors: Lafond A. , Rocquefelte X. , Paris M. , Guillot‐Deudon C. , Jouenne V.
Published: February 2012

The effects of aluminium substitution in In2S3 are investigated by single crystal XRD, 27Al NMR spectroscopy, and DFT calculations.
ChemInform Abstract: Filling Up Another Gap: Synthesis and Crystal Structure of Ba2H3I.
Authors: Reckeweg Olaf , DiSalvo Francis J.
Published: February 2012

Colorless and transparent single crystals of the title compound are prepared by reaction of Ba with dried and sublimed NH4I in a 4:1 molar ratio (Nb ampule, 1200 K, 13 h).
ChemInform Abstract: Subsolidus Phase Relations of the SrO—WO3—CuO System at 800 °C in Air.
Authors: Grivel J.‐C. , Norby P.
Published: February 2012

The pseudo‐ternary section of the title system contains two ternary oxide phases, the previously described Sr2CuWO6 phase and the new phase Sr8CuW3O18.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Properties of Co‐Doped LiFePO4 as Cathode Material via a Hydrothermal Route for Lithium‐Ion Batteries.
Authors: Zhao Rui‐rui , Hung I‐Ming , Li Yi‐Ting , Chen Hong‐yu , Lin Chun‐Peng
Published: February 2012

Olivine LiFe1‐xCoxPO4/C (x = 1, 0.5, 0.25, 0) cathode materials are hydrothermally synthesized from aqueous solutions containing LiOH, FeSO4, H3PO4, (NH4)2HPO4, Co(NO3)2, and ascorbic acid (autoclave, 170 °C, 10 h).
ChemInform Abstract: An Fe3O4—FeO—Fe@C Composite and Its Applications as Anode for Lithium‐Ion Battery.
Authors: Zhao Xiuyun , Xia Dingguo , Zheng Kun
Published: February 2012

The title composite material is hydrothermally synthesized from a 5:1 mixture of FeSO4 and glucose in H2O (autoclave, 180 °C, 9 h) followed by heating the obtained precursor at 700 °C for 1 h under a nitrogen atmosphere.
ChemInform Abstract: Thermal Stability and Acidic Strength of Preyssler‐Type Phosphotungstic Acid, H14[P5W30O110Na] and Its Catalytic Activity for Hydrolysis of Alkyl Acetates.
Authors: Sadakane Masahiro , Ichi Yutaro , Ide Yusuke , Sano Tsuneji
Published: February 2012

H14 [P5W30O110Na]·44H2O is obtained from an aqueous solution of K12.5Na1.5 [P5W30O110Na] by cation exchange (Dowex‐50 proton exchange resin), followed by evaporation of the obtained eluent in vacuo at 318 K.
ChemInform Abstract: Porous and Dense Magnesium Borohydride Frameworks: Synthesis, Stability, and Reversible Absorption of Guest Species.
Authors: Filinchuk Yaroslav , Richter Bo , Jensen Torben R. , Dmitriev Vladimir , Chernyshov Dmitry , Hagemann Hans
Published: February 2012

γ‐Mg(BH4)2, a new cubic polymorph, is synthesized from Me2S·BH3 and MgBu2 via the Mg(BH4)2·1/2SMe2 intermediate (70% yield), by evacuation at 80 °C and 2·10‐2 mbar for 12—16 h (69% yield).
ChemInform Abstract: Crystal Structures and Optical Properties of 1‐D Iodoplumbates Templated by in situ Synthesized p‐Phenylenediamine Derivatives.
Authors: Wang Guan‐E , Wang Ming‐Sheng , Jiang Xiao‐Ming , Liu Zhi‐Fa , Lin Rong‐Guang , Cai Li‐Zhen , Guo Guo‐Cong , Huang Jin‐Shun
Published: February 2012

(II) crystallizes in the triclinic space group P$\bar 1$ with Z = 1 and (III) in the monoclinic space group P21/c with Z = 2 (single crystal XRD).
ChemInform Abstract: Direct Synthesis and Mass Spectroscopic Observation of the {M40} Polyoxothiometalate Wheel.
Authors: Miras Haralampos N. , Zang Hong Ying , Long De‐Liang , Cronin Leroy
Published: February 2012

Na7K17 [(Mo8O28)4 (Mo2S2O2)4] ·45H2O is synthesized from an aqueous solution of Na2MoO4, NaOAc, [Mo2S2O2]2+ (obtained from an aq.
ChemInform Abstract: Molten‐Salt‐Mediated Syntheses of Sr2FeReO6, Ba2FeReO6, and Sr2CrReO6: Particle Sizes, B/B′ Site Disorder, and Magnetic Properties.
Authors: Fuoco Lindsay , Rodriguez Dianny , Peppel Tim , Maggard Paul A.
Published: February 2012

The title compounds are prepared in high purity by reaction of SrO, BaO, Cr2O3, Fe3O4, Re2O7, and Re in a eutectic NaCl/KCl melt (750—800 °C, 3—6 h).
ChemInform Abstract: Crystal Structure and Magnetic Properties of the Novel Hollandite Ba1.3Co1.3Ti6.7O16.
Authors: Shlyk Larysa , Niewa Rainer
Published: February 2012

Single crystals of the new title compound are prepared by reaction of TiO2 and Co3O4 in a BaCl2 flux (1350 °C, several days).
ChemInform Abstract: Gold‐Rich Indide Sr5Au13.5In8.5.
Authors: Muts Ihor , Rodewald Ute Ch. , Zaremba Vasyl' I. , Poettgen Rainer
Published: February 2012

The new title compound is obtained from a melt of the elements (1500 K, sealed Ta tube, slow cooling) and characterized by powder and single crystal XRD.
ChemInform Abstract: Baeyer—Villiger Monooxygenases in Aroma Compound Synthesis.
Authors: Fink Michael J. , Rudroff Florian , Mihovilovic Marko D.
Published: February 2012

The synthesis of jasmine lactones and their homologues via kinetic resolution of corresponding cycloketones using appropriate monooxygenases as efficient biocatalysts is achieved.
ChemInform Abstract: Enantioselective Organocatalytic Formal Allylation of α‐Branched Aldehydes.
Authors: Rodrigo Eduardo , Morales Sara , Duce Sara , Garcia Ruano Jose Luis , Cid M. Belen
Published: February 2012

Enantioselective Michael addition of sulfone (I) to aldehydes (II) in the presence of 4‐nitrobenzoic acid and 9‐amino‐9‐deoxyepiquinine as catalytic system is achieved.
ChemInform Abstract: Asymmetric Broensted Acid Catalyzed Carbonyl Activation — Organocatalytic Domino Electrocyclization—Halogenation Reaction.
Authors: Rueping Magnus , Ieawsuwan Winai
Published: February 2012

A highly enantioselective Nazarov cyclization—bromination for the construction of trans‐bromocyclopentenones (II) is developed.
ChemInform Abstract: Chiral 1,1′‐Bi(tetrahydroisoquinoline)‐Type Diamines as Efficient Ligands for Nickel‐Catalyzed Enantioselective Michael Addition to Nitroalkenes.
Authors: Wilckens Kristina , Duhs Marcel‐Antoine , Lentz Dieter , Czekelius Constantin
Published: February 2012

Asymmetric Michael addition reaction of malonate (II) towards nitroolefins (I) proceeds with high yields and excellent enantioselectivities (92— 99% e.e.) in the presence of a Ni—chiral tetrahydroisoquinoline‐based diamine complex.
ChemInform Abstract: Heterogeneous Bisoxazoline/Copper Complex: A Green Catalyst for the Enantioselective Reaction of Nitromethane with Substituted Benzaldehydes.
Authors: Maggi Raimondo , Lanari Daniela , Oro Chiara , Sartori Giovanni , Vaccaro Luigi
Published: February 2012

Asymmetric Henry reaction of various aromatic aldehydes is achieved in good yields and moderate to good enantioselectivities in the presence of a Cu—polymer‐supported BOX complex.
ChemInform Abstract: Bifunctional 2,5‐Diketopiperazines as Efficient Organocatalysts for the Enantioselective Conjugate Addition of Aldehydes to Nitroolefins.
Authors: Durini Marco , Sahr Florian A. , Kuhn Michael , Civera Monica , Gennari Cesare , Piarulli Umberto
Published: February 2012

A new class of diketopiperazine‐based peptidomimetic organocatalysts is prepared consisting of aspartic acid, diaminopropionic acid and proline building blocks.
ChemInform Abstract: Novel Schiff Base Ligands Derived from Cinchona Alkaloids for Cu(II)‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Henry Reaction.
Authors: Wei Yu , Yao Lin , Zhang Bagle , He Wei , Zhang Shengyong
Published: February 2012

Eight new chiral Schiff base ligands are prepared from Cinchona alkaloids and investigated as ligands in the enantioselective Henry reaction.
ChemInform Abstract: Novel Diphenylamine 2,4′‐Dicarboxamide Based Azoles as Potential Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Inhibitors: Synthesis and Biological Activity.
Authors: Abou‐Seri Sahar Mahmoud , Farag Nahla Ahmed , Hassan Ghaneya Sayed
Published: February 2012

Various series of title compounds such as (III), (V), (VII), and (VIII) are prepared starting from (I).
ChemInform Abstract: Versatile Synthesis of Isoquinolines and Isochromenes by Pd‐Catalyzed Oxidative Carbonylation of (2‐Alkynyl)benzylideneamine Derivatives.
Authors: Gabriele Bartolo , Veltri Lucia , Maltese Vito , Spina Rosella , Mancuso Raffaella , Salerno Giuseppe
Published: February 2012

Palladium‐catalyzed oxidative heterocyclization—alkoxycarbonylation of in situ generated o‐alkynylbenzylideneamines proceeds smoothly to afford isoquinoline derivatives (IV) in moderate yields.
ChemInform Abstract: Ring Closure Reactions of 2,6‐Diazaheptatrienyl Metal Compounds: Synthesis of 3‐Aminoindole Derivatives and 14‐Membered Macrocyclic Dimers.
Authors: Neue Benedikt , Reiermann Ralph , Gerdes Klaus , Froehlich Roland , Wibbeling Birgit , Wuerthwein Ernst‐Ulrich
Published: February 2012

In dilute solution, potassium salts of diimines of type (I) undergo intramolecular cyclization to afford 3‐aminoindoles.
ChemInform Abstract: Divergent Synthetic Routes for Ring Expansion or Cyclization from 1,4‐Allylic Diol Derivatives via Gold(I) Catalysis or Zinc(II) Mediation.
Authors: Zhu Li‐Li , Li Xiao‐Xiao , Zhou Wen , Li Xin , Chen Zili
Published: February 2012

In the presence of AuCl(PPh3)/AgSbF6, 1,4‐allylic diols of type (I) undergo new ring expansion giving one‐carbon higher keto homologues such as (II).
ChemInform Abstract: Unexpected Spontaneous Ring‐Contraction Rearrangement of Trifluoromethylated 1,2‐Oxazine N‐Oxides to 1‐Pyrroline N‐Oxides.
Authors: Korotaev Vladislav Yu. , Barkov Alexey Yu. , Slepukhin Pavel A. , Kodess Mikhail I. , Sosnovskikh Vyacheslav Ya.
Published: February 2012

Reactions of cyclohexanone‐derived enamines (I) with nitrobutene (II) affords cyclic nitronates (III) instead of the expected isomeric nitrones of type (V).
ChemInform Abstract: Iron Oligopyridine Complexes as Efficient Catalysts for Practical Oxidation of Arenes, Alkanes, Tertiary Amines and N‐Acyl Cyclic Amines with Oxone.
Authors: Liu Peng , Liu Yungen , Wong Ella Lai‐Ming , Xiang Song , Che Chi‐Ming
Published: February 2012

A cationic Fe—quinquepyridine complex is successfully applied to the Oxone‐mediated epoxidation of alkenes, e.g. (I), (III) and (VI), the oxidation of arenes to quinones [cf.
ChemInform Abstract: Reaction of 1,1,2,2‐Tetrafluoroethyl‐N,N‐dimethylamine with Linear and Cyclic 1,3‐Diketones.
Authors: Grieco Liane M. , Halliday Gary A. , Junk Christopher P. , Lustig Steven R. , Marshall William J. , Petrov Viacheslav A.
Published: February 2012

Linear 1,3‐diketones undergo fluorination with the title α‐fluoroamine.
ChemInform Abstract: Microwave‐Assisted Efficient One‐Step Synthesis of Amides from Ketones and Benzoxazoles from (2‐Hydroxyaryl) Ketones with Acetohydroxamic Acid Using Sulfuric Acid as the Catalyst.
Authors: Sridhar Madabhushi , Narsaiah Chinthala , Sairam Vangipuram Venkata , Reddy Godala Kondal , Raveendra Jillella , Reddy Mallu Kishore Kumar , Ramanaiah Beeram China
Published: February 2012

One‐pot reaction of ketones with acetohydroxamic acid involves formation of ketoxime intermediates which undergo rapid Beckmann rearrangement to give amides.
ChemInform Abstract: Mannich‐Type Reactions of in situ Generated N‐Acyliminium Ions from α‐Amido p‐Tolylsulfones with Silyl Enolates.
Authors: Lee Sang‐Hyeup , Kadam Santosh T.
Published: February 2012

Optimum reaction conditions are examined for the Mannich‐type reactions of in situ generated N‐acyliminium ions from α‐amido p‐tolylsulfones (I) with silyl enolates (II).
ChemInform Abstract: CuI‐Catalyzed Tandem Carbomagnesiation/Carbonyl Addition of Grignard Reagents with Acetylenic Ketones: Convenient Access to Tetrasubstituted Allylic Alcohols.
Authors: Xie Meihua , Feng Chengyou , Zhang Jitan , Liu Changqing , Fang Kuang , Shu Guanying , Zuo Wansheng
Published: February 2012

A variety of polyfunctionalized allylic alcohols (III), (VII) is obtained by the title reaction.
ChemInform Abstract: Direct Aminoalkylation of Arenes, Heteroarenes, and Alkenes via Ni‐Catalyzed Negishi Cross‐Coupling Reactions.
Authors: Melzig Laurin , Dennenwaldt Teresa , Gavryushin Andrey , Knochel Paul
Published: February 2012

The title reaction allows an efficient access to a wide range of amino compounds.
ChemInform Abstract: Novel and Efficient One Pot Condensation Reactions Between Ketones and Aromatic Alcohols in the Presence of CrO3 Producing α,β‐Unsaturated Carbonyl Compounds.
Authors: Li Yanan , Chen Daoyong
Published: February 2012

If acetone or 2‐propanone react with benzyl alcohol, besides the desired mono olefin the bis olefin is formed as well.
ChemInform Abstract: Ionic‐Salt‐Tagged Ferrocenyl Diphosphine—Imine Ligands and Their Application to Palladium‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Allylic Etherification.
Authors: Zhou Zhiming , et al. et al.
Published: February 2012

The title ligands are successfully applied to the asymmetric allylic etherification of the acetates and benzoates (I).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of α‐Halo‐α,α‐difluoromethyl Ketones by a Trifluoroacetate Release/Halogenation Protocol.
Authors: John Jinu P. , Colby David A.
Published: February 2012

Ketones of type (II), (V), and (VI) are useful synthons which can be converted into derivatives like (IV).
ChemInform Abstract: Microbial Oxidation of 1,2‐Diols Bearing a Substituent with an Oxyfunctional Group: Preparation of Optically Active 1,2‐Diols and α‐Hydroxy Ketones.
Authors: Matsumoto Kazutsugu , Hashimoto Key , Sakuragi Mari , Kusunoki Ayumi , Nogawa Masaki
Published: February 2012

The enantiomeric excess of the compounds (S)‐(I) depends on the pH value.
ChemInform Abstract: Stereoselective Alkylation of Allylic Alcohols: Tandem Ethylation and Functionalization.
Authors: Das Pragna Pratic , Lysenko Ivan L. , Cha Jin Kun
Published: February 2012

The allylic alcohols incorporate an ethylene unit from Grignard (II) in the presence of the Ti reagent.
ChemInform Abstract: A New Synthesis of Alkyl (E)‐(3‐Dimethylamino)acrylates.
Authors: Robertson Jeffrey M. , Jones Ian W. , Kayne Kevin M. , Contreras Cristina G. , Witter Daniel J. , Bates Robert B. , Hall H. K. Jr.
Published: February 2012

The stereoselective synthesis of title compounds (III) and (VI) is achieved by reaction of Vilsmeier reagent, in situ generated from DMF and SOCl2, with ketene acetals.
ChemInform Abstract: The Catalytic Asymmetric Diels—Alder Reactions and Post‐Cycloaddition Reductive Transpositions of 1‐Hydrazinodienes.
Authors: Xie Hao , Sammis Glenn M. , Flamme Eric M. , Kraml Christina M. , Sorensen Erik J.
Published: February 2012

Cyclohexenes (III) and (VII) are stereoselectively synthesized by asymmetric copper‐catalyzed Diels—Alder reactions between hydrazinodienes and N‐acryloyl oxazolidinone dienophiles.
ChemInform Abstract: Microwave‐Based Reaction Screening: Tandem Retro‐Diels—Alder/Diels—Alder Cycloadditions of o‐Quinol Dimers.
Authors: Dong Suwei , Cahill Katharine J. , Kang Moon‐Il , Colburn Nancy H. , Henrich Curtis J. , Wilson Jennifer A. , Beutler John A. , Johnson Richard P. , Porco John A. Jr.
Published: February 2012

Under microwave conditions, o‐quinol dimers smoothly react with several olefins and acetylenes to afford bicyclooctenes with high diastereoselectivity.
ChemInform Abstract: Regio‐ and Stereoselective Multisubstituted Enol Ester Synthesis.
Authors: Okamoto Noriko , Miwa Yoshihisa , Minami Hideki , Takeda Kei , Yanada Reiko
Published: February 2012

Treatment of alkynylbenzenes with NIS and carboxylic acids results in regio‐ and stereoselective formation of iodoalkenes.
ChemInform Abstract: Potassium Carbonate Catalyzed Regioselective Aminohalogenation of β‐Nitrostyrenes by Using Benzyl Carbamate/N‐Chlorosuccinimide as a New Nitrogen/Chlorine Source.
Authors: Ji Xiaojun , Mei Haibo , Qian Yu , Han Jianlin , Li Guigen , Pan Yi
Published: February 2012

Under optimized conditions, the reaction provides the regioisomers (III) as single products.