bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
QpSpaces and Dirichlet Type Spaces
Authors: Bao Guanlong , Gökhan Gögüs Nihat , Pouliasis Stamatis
Published: January 2017

In this paper, we show that the Möbius invariant function space Qpcan be generated by variant Dirichlet type spaces 𝒟μ,pinduced by finite positive Borel measures μ on the open unit disk. A criterion for the equality between the space 𝒟μ,pand the usual Dirichlet type space 𝒟pis given. We obtain a sufficient condition to construct different 𝒟μ,pspaces and provide examples. We establish decomposition theorems for 𝒟μ,pspaces and prove that the non-Hilbert space Qpis equal to the intersection of Hilbert spaces 𝒟μ,p. As an application of the relation between Qpand 𝒟μ,pspaces, we also obtain that there exist different 𝒟μ,pspaces; this is a trick to prove the existence without constructing examples.
Fuchsian groups and compact hyperbolic surfaces
Authors: Benoist Yves , Oh Hee
Published: January 2017

We present a topological proof of the following theorem of Benoist-Quint: for a finitely generated non-elementary discrete subgroup

\Gamma_1

of PSL

(2, \mathbb R)

with no parabolics, and for a cocompact lattice

\Gamma_2

of PSL

(2, \mathbb R)

, any

\Gamma_1

orbit on

\Gamma_2

\ PSL

(2, \mathbb R)

is either finite or dense.
Sur le principe d’incertitude pour les familles orthonormales de $L^2(\mathbb R)$
Authors: de Roton Anne , Saffari Bahman , Shapiro Harold S. , Tenenbaum Gérald
Published: January 2017

A result of uncertainty principle type due to H.S. Shapiro states that, given an infinite orthonormal family of

L^2(\mathbb R)

, there is no square integrable function uniformly dominating all functions and also all their Fourier transforms. However, Shapiro conjectured the existence of an orthonormal basis of

L^2(\mathbb R)

such that all elements and all their Fourier transforms are uniformly dominated by a constant multiple of

r(x):=\frac{1}{\sqrt{1+|x|}}

.

In this work, we provide a proof of Shapiro's uncertainty principle and we confirm his conjecture in a strong form, where one of the two upper bounds is replaced by a function with arbitrarily fast decay. We also show that, for a certain, natural type of basis, the initial bound is optimal. Finally, we construct an orthonormal family of

L^2(\mathbb R)

all of whose elements and all their Fourier transforms are dominated at infinity by a function

s(x)

with decay strictly faster than

r(x)

, but which is not square-integrable in a neighbourhood of the origin.
Euler equations on the general linear group, cubic curves, and inscribed hexagons
Authors: Aleshkin Konstantin , Izosimov Anton
Published: January 2017

We study integrable Euler equations on the Lie algebra

\mathfrak {gl}(3, \mathbb R)

by interpreting them as evolutions on the space of hexagons inscribed in a real cubic curve.
Diversity and homogeneity among the early farming communities of Western Anatolia
Authors: Özdoğan Eylem
Published: January 2017

Our knowledge of the Neolithisation of Western Anatolia has increased considerably in recent years. Being located beyond, but on the border of the formative zone of Neolithisation, the region has acted as a buffer in the dispersal of the Neolithic way of life farther to the west. Recent research in Western Anatolia has shown that Neolithic sites appeared in the second quarter of the 7th millennium BC and had become widespread by the second half of the same millennium. There is now adequate data available on both the distribution of sites and the material culture in some subregions. In this context, this article will focus not on the Neolithisation process, but on the characteristic features of the sub-regions and the interaction between them.
A social perspective on the Neolithic in western Iran
Authors: Darabi Hojjat
Published: January 2017

While the Neolithic revolution caused gradual basic changes in different dimensions of human life, including social structure, western Iran has so far mostly received attention in terms of the emergence of domestication and sedentarisation. Generally speaking, some evidence, such as architectural elements, burial goods, clay tokens, and scarce artefacts such as obsidian pieces and marble objects not only determine an inter-regional interaction, but also suggest craft specialisation. It is believed that sedentary life and private food storage paved the way for property ownership and that a gradual change from egalitarian to non-egalitarian societies can be seen in the Neolithic of western Iran.
Tell communities and wetlands in Neolithic Pelagonia, Republic of Macedonia
Authors: Naumov Goce
Published: January 2017

Pelagonia is the biggest valley in the Republic of Macedonia, positioned in its mountainous southwestern area. It was first inhabited around 6000 BC by agricultural societies, which established the tell settlements in the region. Their villages were densely concentrated in several regional centres located near wetlands and rivers. These farming communities produced a variety of ceramic household items with pronounced features of a distinct identity, such as white painted pottery, anthropomorphic house models, figurines, tablets and stamps. The particular landscape and isolated network of Early Neolithic tell societies in Pelagonia remained unaffected until the Late Neolithic, which was an outcome of the idiosyncratic and strong relationship between the environment, dwellings and human body. Therefore, the paper discusses the first farming communities in Pelagonia, as well as the process of how identity was manifested in regard to the wetland environment and networks.
Reconstructing late Neolithic plant economies at the Eastern Adriatic site of Velištak (5th millennium cal BC)
Authors: Reed Kelly , Podrug Emil
Published: January 2017

The archaeobotanical remains from Velištak are the first evidence of plant economies from an open-air settlement dating to the late Neolithic Hvar culture in Croatia (c. 4900–4000 cal BC). The results presented here are from the 2007–2013 field seasons. Based on an examination of carbonised macro-remains, it is suggested that emmer, einkorn, and barley were the main crops at Velištak, along with lentils, bitter vetch, and possibly peas and flax. Wild plants were also exploited, with evidence of wild fruits, such as cornelian cherry. Similarities with archaeobotanical finds from the early/middle Neolithic (c. 6000–4900 cal BC) also suggest that plant economies remained relatively unchanged during the Neolithic.
An experimental case of wood-working use-wear on quartzite artefacts
Authors: Liu Ji-Ying , Chen Hong
Published: January 2017

Use-wear analysis has become an essential method for the functional study of lithic artefacts from prehistoric archaeological assemblages. On the basis of earlier research, this article discusses experiments and analyses of use-wear on quartzite artefacts caused by wood-working. The raw materials of the artefacts were collected from the Wulanmulun Site, Inner Mongolia. The woodworking techniques include scraping, drilling, and chopping. Scarring sizes are mostly medium and small. Scarring terminations are mainly feathered; stepped terminations are caused by scraping and chopping wood. Scarring mainly appears as run-together distributions. Medium and heavy rounding is found on the edges of the artefacts.
Potential sources and processes affecting speciated atmospheric mercury at Kejimkujik National Park, Canada: comparison of receptor models and data treatment methods
Authors: Xu Xiaohong , Liao Yanyin , Cheng Irene , Zhang Leiming
Published: January 2017

Abstract. Source apportionment analysis was conducted with positive matrix factorization (PMF) and principal component analysis (PCA) methods using concentrations of speciated mercury (Hg), i.e., gaseous elemental mercury (GEM), gaseous oxidized mercury (GOM), and particulate-bound mercury (PBM), and other air pollutants collected at Kejimkujik National Park, Nova Scotia, Canada, in 2009 and 2010. The results were largely consistent between the 2 years for both methods. The same four source factors were identified in each year using PMF method. In both years, factor photochemistry and re-emission had the largest contributions to atmospheric Hg, while the contributions of combustion emission and industrial sulfur varied slightly between the 2 years. Four components were extracted with air pollutants only in each year using PCA method. Consistencies between the results of PMF and PCA include (1) most or all PMF factors overlapped with PCA components, (2) both methods suggest strong impact of photochemistry but little association between ambient Hg and sea salt, and (3) shifting of PMF source profiles and source contributions from one year to another was echoed in PCA. Inclusion of meteorological parameters led to identification of an additional component, Hg wet deposition in PCA, while it did not affect the identification of other components. The PMF model performance was comparable in 2009 and 2010. Among the three Hg forms, the agreements between model-reproduced and observed annual mean concentrations were excellent for GEM, very good for PBM, and acceptable for GOM. However, on a daily basis, the agreement was very good for GEM but poor for GOM and PBM. Sensitivity tests suggest that increasing sample size by imputation is not effective in improving model performance, while reducing the fraction of concentrations below method detection limit, by either scaling GOM and PBM to higher concentrations or combining them to reactive mercury, is effective. Most of the data treatment options considered had little impact on the source identification or contribution.
Changes in the Si / P weathering ratio and their effect on the selection of coccolithophores and diatoms
Authors: García-Bernal Virginia , Paz Óscar , Cermeño Pedro
Published: January 2017

Abstract. The relative contribution of coccolithophores and diatoms to export production and burial influences the mechanisms of carbon (C) removal from Earth’s surface reservoirs. Whereas the supply of phosphorus (P) to the ocean basins controls export production over geological timescales, the availability of dissolved silica (Si) determines the relative contribution of diatoms to export production and increases the efficiency of the ocean’s biologically-driven C sequestration. Here we combine analyses of data from the sedimentary record and Earth system model simulations to investigate the coupling of P and Si weathering fluxes over the last 40 million years (My). Although both weathering fluxes increased on average through time, the relative increase of Si weathering over the last 20 My exceeded that of P. Our analysis suggests that the increase in P weathering under a regime of increasingly ocean turbulence allowed full utilization of increased Si supplies and links the ecological success of marine diatoms, and consequential decline of coccolithophores, to changes in the Si / P weathering ratio. These results allow us to envisage that ocean fertilization initiatives would be more effective if they were integrated within the framework of geo-engineering programs aimed at enhancing silicate weathering.
Heat waves in Africa 1981–2015, observations and reanalysis
Authors: Ceccherini Guido , Russo Simone , Ameztoy Iban , Marchese Andrea Francesco , Carmona-Moreno Cesar
Published: January 2017

Abstract. The purpose of this article is to show the extreme temperature regime of heat waves across Africa over recent years (1981–2015). Heat waves have been quantified using the Heat Wave Magnitude Index daily (HWMId), which merges the duration and the intensity of extreme temperature events into a single numerical index. The HWMId enables a comparison between heat waves with different timing and location, and it has been applied to maximum and minimum temperature records. The time series used in this study have been derived from (1) observations from the Global Summary of the Day (GSOD) and (2) reanalysis data from ERA-Interim. The analysis shows an increasing number of heat waves of both maxima and minima temperatures in the last decades. Results from heat wave analysis of maximum temperature (HWMIdtx) indicate an increase in intensity and frequency of extreme events. Specifically, from 1996 onwards it is possible to observe HWMIdtx spread with the maximum presence during 2006–2015. Between 2006 and 2015 the frequency (spatial coverage) of extreme heat waves had increased to 24.5 observations per year (60.1 % of land cover), as compared to 12.3 per year (37.3 % of land area) in the period from 1981 to 2005 for GSOD stations (reanalysis).
The fully nonlinear stratified geostrophic adjustment problem
Authors: Coutino Aaron , Stastna Marek
Published: January 2017

Abstract. The study of the adjustment to equilibrium by a stratified fluid in a rotating reference frame is a classical problem in geophysical fluid dynamics. We consider the fully nonlinear, stratified adjustment problem from a numerical point of view. We present results of smoothed dam break simulations based on experiments in the published literature, with a focus on both the wave trains that propagate away from the nascent geostrophic state and the geostrophic state itself. We demonstrate that for Rossby numbers in excess of roughly 2 the wave train cannot be interpreted in terms of linear theory. This wave train consists of a leading solitary-like packet and a trailing tail of dispersive waves. However, it is found that the leading wave packet never completely separates from the trailing tail. Somewhat surprisingly, the inertial oscillations associated with the geostrophic state exhibit evidence of nonlinearity even when the Rossby number falls below 1. We vary the width of the initial disturbance and the rotation rate so as to keep the Rossby number fixed, and find that while the qualitative response remains consistent, the Froude number varies, and these variations are manifested in the form of the emanating wave train. For wider initial disturbances we find clear evidence of a wave train that initially propagates toward the near wall, reflects, and propagates away from the geostrophic state behind the leading wave train. We compare kinetic energy inside and outside of the geostrophic state, finding that for long times a Rossby number of around one-quarter yields an equal split between the two, with lower (higher) Rossby numbers yielding more energy in the geostrophic state (wave train). Finally we compare the energetics of the geostrophic state as the Rossby number varies, finding long-lived inertial oscillations in the majority of the cases and a general agreement with the past literature that employed either hydrostatic, shallow-water equation-based theory or stratified Navier–Stokes equations with a linear stratification.
Seasonal resonance of diurnal coastal trapped waves in the southern Weddell Sea, Antarctica
Authors: Semper Stefanie , Darelius Elin
Published: January 2017

Abstract. The summer enhancement of diurnal tidal currents at the shelf break in the southern Weddell Sea is studied using velocity measurements from 29 moorings during the period 1968 to 2014. Kinetic energy associated with diurnal tidal frequencies is largest at the shelf break and decreases rapidly with distance from it. The diurnal tidal energy increases from austral winter to summer by, on average, 50 %. The austral summer enhancement is observed in all deployments. The observations are compared to results from an idealised numerical solution of the properties of coastal trapped waves (CTWs) for a given bathymetry, stratification and an along-slope current. The frequency at which the dispersion curve for mode 1 CTWs displays a maximum (i.e. where the group velocity is zero and resonance is possible) is found within or near the diurnal frequency band, and it is sensitive to the stratification in the upper part of the water column and to the background current. The maximum of the dispersion curve is shifted towards higher frequencies, above the diurnal band, for weak stratification and a strong background current (i.e. austral winter-like conditions) and towards lower frequencies for strong upper-layer stratification and a weak background current (austral summer). The seasonal evolution of hydrography and currents in the region is inferred from available mooring data and conductivity–temperature–depth profiles. Near-resonance of diurnal tidal CTWs during austral summer can explain the observed seasonality in tidal currents.
El impacto de la crisis en las retribuciones del sector público
Authors: De Luxán Meléndez José María
Published: January 2017

En este trabajo se repasa la evolución del gasto salarial de las administración pública española y se presentan algunos rasgos del empleo público que están vinculados a la orientación de la política retributiva. Se analiza el coste y la evolución de la política retributiva del sector público en España, que se compara con la situación de Europa. En la discusión se subraya que la administración española es pequeña y relativamente cara, que puede haber perdido capacidad de innovación, y que cuenta con un sistema de retribuciones rígido y centralizado. Se presentan tres líneas de cambio: Incrementar el empleo y estabilizar el gasto; Crecer en innovación y asegurar una trayectoria profesional sostenible; Y mejorar la institucionalización de la participación en los presupuestos e impulsar la negociación colectiva.
La lucha contra la corrupción política. Hong Kong un modelo de buenas prácticas
Authors: Lucena Cid Isabel Victoria
Published: January 2017

La finalidad de este trabajo es presentar un ejemplo de buenas prácticas en la lucha contra la corrupción pública impulsada por la Comisión Independiente de Hong Kong. Para ello, se ha investigado en la estrategia que desarrolla la Comisión para combatir la corrupción basada en la disuasión, a través del fortalecimiento legislativo y la investigación, la prevención y la educación. Aunque la primera estrategia es importante, aún lo es más la prevención y la educación. Uno de sus objetivos que persigue esta Comisión es cambiar la percepción de la ciudadanía de que los sobornos y comisiones ilegales son algo normal de la vida cotidiana. Creemos que los resultados obtenidos por esta organización independiente en su lucha contra la corrupción desde 1974, representan un ejemplo a tener en cuenta a la hora de ofrecer soluciones y propuestas claras extrapolables a nuestra situación actual.
EFFECT OF FURFURAL ON THE PROPERTIES OF NATURAL LATEX: POSSIBILITY FOR ADHESIVE APPLICATION
Authors: Vaithanomsat Pilanee , Janchai Phornpimol , Punsuvon Vittaya , Smitthipong Wirasak
Published: January 2017

Normally, the properties of natural latex are not stable, for example, viscosity and volatile fatty acids, due to the nonrubber components that affect the quality of the latex. The objective here was to develop and compare the adhesive properties of natural latex by using furfural at different ratios. Concentrated natural latex (60% rubber) with a high ammonia rate was used, and two types of furfural were used: synthetic furfural and natural furfural from sugarcane bagasse. The phenolic resin was also compared as a tackifier resin. We found that increasing the furfural concentration in natural latex increased the viscosity of the latex. However, for a given concentration, furfural and phenolic resin gave similar adhesion properties in natural latex. Furfural at 10 parts per hundred of rubber gave the best adhesive property of natural latex. Beyond this furfural concentration, the natural latex became solid. There were no significance differences in adhesion properties between synthetic and natural furfurals in the natural latex. The relationship between viscosity and adhesive properties of the natural latex with furfural is proposed. This research shows the potential to develop an eco-friendly natural adhesive with furfural that has good quality and no dangerous solvent.
VULCANIZATION CHARACTERISTICS OF NATURAL RUBBER COAGULATED BY MICROORGANISMS
Authors: Li Si-Dong , Chen Jing , Li Le-Fan , Wang Zhi-Fen , Zhong Jie-Ping , Yang Lei
Published: January 2017

The network variations of natural rubber (NR) during the vulcanization process were investigated by 1H chemical shift by liquid-state 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. NR latex coagulated by microorganisms (NR-m) was contrasted with NR latex coagulated by acid (NR-a). The influences of the coagulation process on the structures, vulcanization characteristics, and mechanical properties of NR were analyzed. The results show that the cross-link density (XLD) and mass percentage of cross-link network (A(Mc)) can be increased with the increment of the vulcanization time; while the mass percentage of dangling free ends of the hydrocarbon and small molecules (A(T2)), the longitudinal relaxation time (T1), transverse relaxation time (T2), and molecular mass of inter–cross-link chains (Mc) decreased with the prolonging of vulcanization time both NR-m and NR-a. NR-m exhibits shorter scorch times (ts1, ts2) and optimum cure time (t90) and shows higher maximum torque (MH) and minimum torque (ML) than that of NR-a. It is obvious that the higher XLD and A(Mc) and lower A(T2), T1, T2, and Mc values of NR-m result in higher stress, tensile strength, and tear strength of NR compounds.
Características Sociodemográficas de las Mujeres Migrantes Hondureñas en Estados Unidos de América, Período 2001- 2013
Authors: Murillo Indira
Published: January 2017

Las cifras basadas en las características socio demográficas de las mujeres migrantes hondureñas, residentes en Estados Unidos de América reflejados en la Encuesta Americana de Hogares (American Community Survey ACS), durante en el período 2001-2013, muestran un aumento relevante del flujo migratorio hacia ese país del norte. En su mayoría, las mujeres migrantes viajan en busca de mejores oportunidades laborales. Entre las principales características identificadas, se destaca una población joven, entre los 25 y los 29 años de edad, con un bajo nivel educativo y con poco o nulo manejo del idioma inglés. Un número significativo de las migrantes hondureñas no tiene un estatus migratorio legal. Además, se registra un porcentaje significativo de jefas de hogar. Un hallazgo relevante es que la mayoría una vez establecidas en Estados Unidos, decide tener menos hijos. El trabajo de la mujer migrante, se concentra en labores de servicio de baja calificación, que incluye las ocupaciones relacionadas con la preparación de alimentos, mantenimiento y limpieza de inmuebles, servicios domésticos, cuidado de personas, y otros similares.Revista Población y Desarrollo: Argonautas y Caminantes Vol.12, 2016: 53-63
Años de Vida Potencialmente Perdidos por Cáncer de Mama. Hospital San Felipe de Tegucigalpa, Honduras, 2015
Authors: Romero María Guadalupe , Garay Ingrid Carolina
Published: January 2017

El cáncer de mama en mujeres es una de las causas más importantes de mortalidad en el mundo y de igual forma en Honduras. Los países han procurado promover aspectos de índole preventivo entre la población, pero no se ha logrado evidenciar el impacto de estas acciones. La medición de la mortalidad se realiza con diferentes técnicas y el fenómeno de la mortalidad, representa un indicador sensible que evidencia las características generales de un grupo de pacientes, especialmente en lo relacionado a los servicios de salud. En este trabajo se tiene como objetivo dar a conocer el impacto de la mortalidad por cáncer de mama en el Hospital San Felipe de la ciudad de Tegucigalpa durante el período de 2015. Para ello, se emplea el cálculo de Años de Vida Potencialmente Perdidos (AVPP) con el fin de establecer la prematurez de muerte por esta causa específica. Es un estudio descriptivo, transversal y retrospectivo. Los datos fueron tomados de los expedientes clínicos a partir de los cuales, se agrupa la edad, se establece la procedencia geográfica en forma departamental y municipal y se evidencian factores de riesgo, como ser: adicciones al tabaco y al alcohol, menarquia antes de los once años, presencia de menopausia al momento del ingreso, condiciones socioeconómicas, utilización de servicios de salud. Los resultados muestran que el cáncer de mama desde el punto de la tasa neta de mortalidad hospitalaria, ocupa el segundo lugar en la casuística de ese año. El cálculo de AVPP es de 379 años.Revista Población y Desarrollo: Argonautas y Caminantes Vol.12, 2016: 67-78
Condiciones de Vida de la Población Inmigrante del Distrito Central, Honduras, año 2013
Authors: Sierra Lilian
Published: January 2017

Este artículo se basa en un estudio donde se busca conocer las condiciones de vida de la población inmigrante al Distrito Central ya que la migración interna es un fenómeno que históricamente está asociado con los procesos de desarrollo, las crisis políticas, la industrialización, la urbanización y el mejoramiento en las condiciones de vida de la población. La migración al Distrito Central en los últimos años se ha incrementado. El desplazamiento poblacional ha generado en alguna medida cambios en el espacio geográfico, así como en el modo de vida de los inmigrantes. Las características sociodemográficas más relevantes de los inmigrantes en el Distrito Central son: predomina la procedencia rural mayoritariamente de los municipios de Francisco Morazán y los departamentos de Choluteca y El Paraíso, tienen baja escolaridad, un 52% está en condiciones de pobreza, tienen bajos ingresos económicos; en su mayoría son parte de la PEA insertadas en actividades de sector informal, los servicios y la industria manufacturera y en el caso de las mujeres estas se encuentran en edad reproductiva que impacta los niveles de fecundidad en el Distrito Central.Revista Población y Desarrollo: Argonautas y Caminantes Vol.12, 2016: 81-92
Centroamericanos en el Sur-Sureste de México. La Construcción de una Región Migratoria
Authors: Reyes de la Cruz Virginia Guadalupe
Published: January 2017

El presente estudio es un esbozo de la migración centroamericana en Oaxaca-México, considerando el periodo 2009- 2014 para el nivel nacional y el periodo 2012-2015 para el nivel local, se hizo uso de datos producidos principalmente por la Red de Documentación de las Organizaciones Defensoras de Migrantes (REDODEM), y por la Encuesta sobre Migración en la Frontera Sur de México, los cuales muestran el comportamiento de este fenómeno en la entidad sureña de México, las circunstancias que enfrentan y cómo las afrontan, convirtiéndose ésta en un lugar de tránsito pero también de residencia temporal y, en algunos casos, definitiva bajo la modalidad de migración indocumentada. Oaxaca tiene una característica principal, pues a la vez que es un estado expulsor de migrantes, es una zona receptora de migración centroamericana. Sus condiciones socioeconómicas y políticas lo ubican como un lugar de marginación y pobreza, con regiones donde el índice de violencia es alto y donde muchas veces, los migrantes de Centroamérica tienen que transitar o vivir, constituyendo su región migratoria.Revista Población y Desarrollo: Argonautas y Caminantes Vol.12, 2016: 107-114
Métodos Cuantitativos en la Búsqueda de Imaginarios Sociales. Estudio de Caso. Golpe de Estado del 28.06.09 en Honduras
Authors: Eisemann Francesca Randazzo
Published: January 2017

La finalidad de este trabajo es aproximarme a los imaginarios sociales del golpe de Estado del 28/06/09 en Honduras mediante la delimitación de un corpus textual de referencia, el establecimiento de unas marcas (Pintos, 2006) y el uso de programas informáticos. Se utiliza la teoría de los imaginarios sociales (Coca,Randazzo y Pintos, 2011) y el análisis léxico como técnica cuantitativa de estudio del discurso, complementado por codificaciones según los lineamientos de la Teoría fundamentada. En este trabajo se vislumbran una pluralidad de imaginarios que coexisten, algunos son comunes, otros diversos e inclusive antagónicos. Esto permite poner de manifiesto las fuerzas que promueven el cambio y aquellas que se oponen, así como las rupturas en los marcos y significados en los que se desenvuelve la sociedad hondureña en torno a esta crisis.Revista Población y Desarrollo: Argonautas y Caminantes Vol.12, 2016: 117-129
Toward the DNA Library of Life
Authors: Le Gall Line , Delsuc Frédéric , Hourdez Stéphane , Lecointre Guillaume , Rasplus Jean-Yves
Published: January 2017

The special set of papers entitled “DNA Library of Life” constitutes an outcome of the project “Bibliothèque du vivant” (BdV), which aims to promote the molecular taxonomy of eukaryotes by offering research teams the possibility to produce and manage a molecular library linked with specimens deposited in natural history museums. The project was funded by three French institutions (the CNRS, INRA and MNHN), and provided access to the sequencing power offered by the Genoscope for 105 teams between 2011 and 2013. It was subsequently supported by the CNRS through the “Groupement de Recherche Génomique Environnementale”. The scientific objectives of this programme were threefold: 1) species delimitation among species complexes; 2) phylogenetic reconstruction (including phylogenomics); and 3) metabarcoding and improving NGS methods for systematic purposes. Within the present collection, 19 papers contribute to these objectives across a large taxonomic range and a worldwide geographic coverage. These papers propose taxonomic novelties (22 new species and 3 new genera) in both animal and plant taxa.
The Direct Antiglobulin Test: Indications, Interpretation, and Pitfalls
Authors: Parker Victoria , Tormey Christopher A.
Published: January 2017

The direct antiglobulin test (DAT; sometimes referred to as the “Coombs” test) continues to be one of the most widely used assays in laboratory medicine. First described about 70 years ago, it is elegantly simple in design, yet it is widely complex in its applications and interpretations, and it is prone to false-positive and false-negative results. The overall objective of our review is to provide practicing pathologists with a guide to identify situations when the DAT is useful and to highlight disease-specific shortcomings as well as general pitfalls of the test. To accomplish these goals, this review will discuss the following: (1) the history of the DAT, (2) how the test is performed in the clinical laboratory, (3) clinical situations for its use, (4) its interpretation, and (5) the pitfalls associated with DAT assays, including causes of false positivity.
Ruptured Primary Omental Pregnancy Mimicking Adnexal Implantation
Authors: Martingano Daniel , Bogdanov Anton , Rybitskiy Dmitriy , Martingano Francis X. , Shahem Sam
Published: January 2017

Ectopic pregnancies occur when the implantation of a fertilized ovum occurs outside of the endometrial cavity. The majority of ectopic pregnancies encountered in clinical practice are located within the fallopian tube. Abdominal pregnancies represent 1% of all ectopic pregnancies. Primary omental pregnancy, in which the extrauterine site of implantation is the greater omentum, is the least common form of abdominal pregnancy. The rarity of an ectopic pregnancy in the omentum and the absence of clinical symptoms often delays diagnosis and proper identification before rupture. The authors describe the case of a 23-year-old woman who had hemoperitoneum from a ruptured omental ectopic pregnancy that mimicked adnexal implantation. Her omental pregnancy was diagnosed through intraoperative exploration and osteopathic structural examination findings.
Pussy Riot’s humour and the social media: Self-irony, subversion, and solidarity
Authors: Pahl Berenice
Published: January 2017

This paper seeks to demonstrate that both the media impact and political success of the Russian punk band Pussy Riot rest on their use of new media, on the one hand, and on an aesthetic principle of humour, on the other, or, more specifically, on a kind of humour that is both self-reflexive and subversive. Pussy Riot operate through a style of guerrilla communication that re-signifies signs and symbols for their own purpose in a self-ironical, comical manner. I will indicate the contradictions and ambiguities of various interpretive frameworks – which not only create humour but are particularly motivating factors in the (personal) decision to become politically active. The speed with which one can communicate within social networks made it possible that infectious laughter about the absurdity of the events in Moscow was able to spread so rapidly. Reassurance and the community’s solidarity were closely connected to the fun and joy of the individual internet user.
Challenges as enablers for high quality Linked Data: insights from the Semantic Publishing Challenge
Authors: Dimou Anastasia , Vahdati Sahar , Di Iorio Angelo , Lange Christoph , Verborgh Ruben , Mannens Erik
Published: January 2017

While most challenges organized so far in the Semantic Web domain are focused on comparing tools with respect to different criteria such as their features and competencies, or exploiting semantically enriched data, the Semantic Web Evaluation Challenges series, co-located with the ESWC Semantic Web Conference, aims to compare them based on their output, namely the produced dataset. The Semantic Publishing Challenge is one of these challenges. Its goal is to involve participants in extracting data from heterogeneous sources on scholarly publications, and producing Linked Data that can be exploited by the community itself. This paper reviews lessons learned from both (i) the overall organization of the Semantic Publishing Challenge, regarding the definition of the tasks, building the input dataset and forming the evaluation, and (ii) the results produced by the participants, regarding the proposed approaches, the used tools, the preferred vocabularies and the results produced in the three editions of 2014, 2015 and 2016. We compared these lessons to other Semantic Web Evaluation Challenges. In this paper, we (i) distill best practices for organizing such challenges that could be applied to similar events, and (ii) report observations on Linked Data publishing derived from the submitted solutions. We conclude that higher quality may be achieved when Linked Data is produced as a result of a challenge, because the competition becomes an incentive, while solutions become better with respect to Linked Data publishing best practices when they are evaluated against the rules of the  challenge.
Actephila forsteri, a new name for Actephila longipedicellata P.I.Forst. (Euphorbiaceae)
Authors: Conn Barry John
Published: January 2017

Actephila forsteri B.J.Conn is a new name for A. longipedicellata P.I.Forst., a latter homonym of A. longipedicellata (Merr.) Croizat.
Ultrasound‐Guided Diffuse Optical Tomography for Differentiation of Benign and Malignant Breast Lesions: A Meta‐analysis
Authors: Wu Tao , Feng Jin‐Chun , Tuerhong Shabier , Wang Bin , Yang Liang , Zhao Qian , Dilixiati Jinsihan , Xu Wen‐Ting , Zhu Li‐Ping
Published: January 2017

Objectives

The purpose of this study was to assess the diagnostic performance of ultrasound‐guided diffuse optical tomography for differentiation of benign and malignant breast lesions.

Methods

The Cochrane Library, PubMed, and Embase databases were searched from inception to February 14, 2016. Sensitivity, specificity, and other information were extracted from the included studies. Sensitivity and specificity were pooled by a bivariate mixed‐effects binary regression model. A summary receiver operating characteristic curve was constructed. Heterogeneity and publication bias were explored by Higgins and Deeks tests, respectively.

Results

Seven studies including 768 women with 886 lesions were analyzed. The summary sensitivity, specificity, and diagnostic odds ratio were 95% (95% confidence interval [CI], 85%–98%), 77% (95% CI, 66%–85%), and 57 (95% CI, 12–267), respectively. The area under the summary receiver operating characteristic curve was 91% (95% CI, 89%–94%). No significant heterogeneity or publication bias existed.

Conclusions

Ultrasound‐guided diffuse optical tomography is useful for differentiating breast lesions. Especially, its sensitivity is excellent.
The role of epithelial–mesenchymal transition drivers ZEB1 and ZEB2 in mediating docetaxel‐resistant prostate cancer
Authors: Hanrahan Karen , O'Neill Amanda , Prencipe Maria , Bugler Jane , Murphy Lisa , Fabre Aurelie , Puhr Martin , Culig Zoran , Murphy Keefe , Watson R. William
Published: January 2017

Docetaxel is the main treatment for advanced castration‐resistant prostate cancer; however, resistance eventually occurs. The development of intratumoral drug‐resistant subpopulations possessing a cancer stem cell (CSC) morphology is an emerging mechanism of docetaxel resistance, a process driven by epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT). This study characterised EMT in docetaxel‐resistant sublines through increased invasion, MMP‐1 production and ZEB1 and ZEB2 expression. We also present evidence for differential EMT across PC‐3 and DU145 in vitro resistance models as characterised by differential migration, cell colony scattering and susceptibility to the CSC inhibitor salinomycin. siRNA manipulation of ZEB1 and ZEB2 in PC‐3 and DU145 docetaxel‐resistant sublines identified ZEB1, through its transcriptional repression of E‐cadherin, to be a driver of both EMT and docetaxel resistance. The clinical relevance of ZEB1 was also determined through immunohistochemical tissue microarray assessment, revealing significantly increased ZEB1 expression in prostate tumours following docetaxel treatment. This study presents evidence for a role of ZEB1, through its transcriptional repression of E‐cadherin to be a driver of both EMT and docetaxel resistance in docetaxel‐resistant prostate cancer. In addition, this study highlights the heterogeneity of prostate cancer and in turn emphasises the complexity of the clinical management of docetaxel‐resistant prostate cancer.
Risk forewarning of regional development sustainability based on a natural resources and environmental carrying index in China
Authors: Fan Jie , Wang Yafei , Ouyang Zhiyun , Li Lijuan , Xu Yong , Zhang Wenzhong , Wang Chuansheng , Xu Weihua , Li Jiuyi , Yu Jianhui , Zhou Kan
Published: January 2017

It is a matter of public consensus that China's high growth rate has been achieved at the expense of natural resources and the environment, leading to serious risks to sustainability. This research, which proposes a theoretical model to forewarn of risks to regional developmental sustainability in China, constitutes the first empirical evaluation of this to be undertaken there. The results show that: (a) the areas at risk cover almost 43% of the land and 44% of the population of mainland China. In those areas, 83.56% of people at risk are threatened by the low carrying capacity of the environment and limited water resources. (b) With 70% of the total population living in “at risk” areas, urbanization zones remain as the primary category suffering from overload across China. Extensive industrialization has resulted in environmental pollution, which contributes the most to the forewarning status, while the secondary cause is found to be the special coupling of the scarcity of natural water resources and their inefficient use. In addition, most urban conglomerations suffer from pollution by industrial production and household consumption, which tends to extend to their surrounding agricultural areas. Extensive mineral exploitation in ecologically fragile areas has made them increasingly more vulnerable to disturbances from their neighboring resource‐driven urban areas. The paper uses these findings to suggest how to intensify the special regulatory administration of resources and the environment, and to transform approaches to industrialization, in order to address sustainable development issues in developing countries.
Energy‐ and momentum‐conserving model of splash entrainment in sand and snow saltation
Authors: Comola Francesco , Lehning Michael
Published: January 2017

Despite being the main sediment entrainment mechanism in aeolian transport, granular splash is still poorly understood. We provide a deeper insight into the dynamics of sand and snow ejection with a stochastic model derived from the energy and momentum conservation laws. Our analysis highlights that the ejection regime of uniform sand is inherently different from that of heterogeneous sand. Moreover, we show that cohesive snow presents a mixed ejection regime, statistically controlled either by energy or momentum conservation depending on the impact velocity. The proposed formulation can provide a solid base for granular splash simulations in saltation models, leading to more reliable assessments of aeolian transport on Earth and Mars.
Revisiting interminima solar EUV change using adjusted SOHO SEM data
Authors: Huang Jianping , Hao Yongqiang , Zhang Donghe , Xiao Zuo
Published: January 2017

The change of solar EUV irradiance between the 1996 and 2008 minima is still in active debate due to a possible trend in the data from the Solar EUV Monitor (SEM) on board the Solar and Heliospheric Observatory (SOHO). For the period of years 2002–2012, i.e., the descending phase of solar cycle 23 (SC23) and the ascending phase of SC24, concurrent observations from the Solar EUV Experiment (SEE) on board the Thermospheric Ionospheric Mesospheric Energy and Dynamics spacecraft are available. We compare the data from the two instruments in terms of an expected linear relation between the EUV irradiance and the ionospheric peak electron density (NmF2). For the SEE data the NmF2‐EUV function is solar cycle invariant, but for the SEM data the function is found to be different between SC23 and SC24, which is hard to explain at present. An attempt is therefore made to obtain a unbiased SEM data set by using the SEE data as a calibration source. As a result, a temporal sensor drift coefficient of ∼−2%/yr is fitted, and the trend causing the unnatural solar cycle different NmF2‐EUV function is removed from the data. A new estimation of the interminima change of EUV irradiance based on the adjusted SEM data is ∼10% reduction in 2008 compared to 1996, much smaller than previous results. After adjustment the SOHO SEM could continue to be a reliable data source for solar EUV and aeronomic studies over both SC23 and SC24.
The implications of tides on the Mimas ocean hypothesis
Authors: Rhoden Alyssa Rose , Henning Wade , Hurford Terry A. , Patthoff D. Alex , Tajeddine Radwan
Published: January 2017

We investigate whether a present‐day global ocean within Mimas is compatible with the lack of tectonic activity on its surface by computing tidal stresses for ocean‐bearing interior structure models derived from observed librations. We find that, for the suite of compatible rheological models, peak surface tidal stresses caused by Mimas' high eccentricity would range from a factor of 2 smaller to an order of magnitude larger than those on tidally active Europa. Thermal stresses from a freezing ocean, or a past higher eccentricity, would enhance present‐day tidal stresses, exceeding the magnitudes associated with Europa's ubiquitous tidally driven fractures and, in some cases, the failure strength of ice in laboratory studies. Therefore, in order for Mimas to have an ocean, its ice shell cannot fail at the stress values implied for Europa. Furthermore, if Mimas' ocean is freezing out, the ice shell must also be able to withstand thermal stresses that could be an order of magnitude higher than the failure strength of laboratory ice samples. In light of these challenges, we consider an ocean‐free Mimas to be the most straightforward model, best supported by our tidal stress analysis.
Effects of lava heating on volatile‐rich slopes on Io
Authors: Dundas Colin M.
Published: January 2017

The upper crust of Io may be very rich in volatile sulfur and SO2. The surface is also highly volcanically active, and slopes may be warmed by radiant heat from the lava. This is particularly the case in paterae, which commonly host volcanic eruptions and long‐lived lava lakes. Patera slopes are highly variable, but some are greater than 70°. I model the heating of a volatile slope for two end‐member cases: instantaneous emplacement of a large sheet flow and persistent heating by a long‐lived lava lake. In general, single flows can briefly raise sulfur to the melting temperature or drive a modest amount of sublimation of SO2. Persistently, lava‐covered surfaces will drive much more significant geomorphic effects, with potentially significant sublimation and slope retreat. In addition to the direct effects, heating is likely to weaken slope materials and may trigger mass wasting. Thus, if the upper crust of Io is rich in these volatile species, future missions with high‐resolution imaging are likely to observe actively retreating slopes around lava lakes and other locations of frequent eruptions.
Large‐Scale LiO2 Pouch Type Cells for Practical Evaluation and Applications
Authors: Shin Hyeon‐Ji , Kwak Won‐Jin , Aurbach Doron , Sun Yang‐Kook
Published: January 2017

Due to their high theoretical specific capacity and energy density, LiO2 batteries are considered as candidates for next‐generation battery systems in place of conventional Li‐ion batteries for advanced applications such as electric vehicles. However, low energy efficiency, poor cycle life, and Li‐metal safety issues make the use of LiO2 batteries yet impractical. In addition, actual cell capacities are very low, and since only small‐scale electrodes are currently tested, it is hard to predict the properties of large‐size electrodes and cells, thus evaluating and judging real practical challenges related to this battery technology. In this work, the behavior of pouch‐type LiO2 cells using 3 × 5 cm2 sized electrodes is investigated and it is confirmed that Li‐metal is a key issue for the upscale of LiO2 cells. This study can help to determine which parameters are the most important for developing practical LiO2 batteries.
Albumin Biomimetic Nanocorona Improves Tumor Targeting and Penetration for Synergistic Therapy of Metastatic Breast Cancer
Authors: Cao Haiqiang , Zou Lili , He Bin , Zeng Lijuan , Huang Yongzhuo , Yu Haijun , Zhang Pengcheng , Yin Qi , Zhang Zhiwen , Li Yaping
Published: January 2017

The synergistic combination of photothermal and RNA interference therapy demonstrates great potential for effective treatment of metastatic breast cancer, but their efficacy is limited by the poor delivery efficiency to tumor. Herein, it is reported that an albumin biomimetic nanocorona (DRI‐S@HSA) can accomplish the high accumulation and deep penetration within tumor tissues, thereby holding great promise for synergistic therapy. DRI‐S@HSA is prepared by camouflaging human serum albumin (HSA) onto an IR‐780 and small interfering RNA‐loaded cell‐penetrating peptide nanoassembly (DRI‐S). In metastatic 4T1 breast cancer cells, DRI‐S@HSA can be largely internalized, and cause significant inhibition on cell migration and proliferation in combination with laser irradiation. Surprisingly, in vivo, the albumin camouflage in DRI‐S@HSA produces a 2.5‐fold enhancement on tumor accumulation compared to the undecorated DRI‐S, and dramatically improves the deep penetration capacity in tumor mass. Moreover, a single DRI‐S@HSA treatment plus 808 nm laser irradiation results in an 83.6% inhibition on tumor growth and efficient prevention of lung metastases. Taken together, the findings can provide an encouraging biomimetic tumor‐targeted drug delivery strategy to inhibit tumor progression and prevent lung metastases of breast cancer.