bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
French school and World War First: neurological consequences of a frightening time
Authors: Gomes Marleide da Mota
Published: April 2015

Some aspects of a dark period in the history of the modern neurology, that of the World War I (WWI), are here remembered, mainly by the neurological French School participation . Some personalities and their works related to the WWI are presented such as Joseph Babinski, Jules Froment, Clovis Vincent, Jules Joseph Dejerine, Augusta Déjérine-Klumpke, Jules Tinel, Pierre Marie, Achille Alexandre Souques, Charles Foix, and Georges Guillain.
COMPRESSIBLITY AND PENETRABILITY OF LATOSSOLO VERMELHO-AMARELO DISTRÓFICO (OXISOL) UNDER VARIED MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS AND LAND USES
Authors: Neiva Júnior Eudes , Rocha Wellington Willian , Pires Bruno Silva , Farnezi Múcio Mágno de Melo , Dias Junior Moacir de Souza , Freitas Danilo Fernandes Borges de , Silva Enilson de Barros , Carvalho Gianniini Alexsandra de Oliveira
Published: April 2015

Soil compaction is one of the main degradation causes, provoked by inappropriate agricultural practices that override the limitations of the soil physical properties. Preconsolidation pressure and penetration resistance have proved effective as alternative to assess and identify soil compaction. Based on the interpretation of these physico-mechanical parameters, compaction can be prevented with a better adjusted soil management. This study was performed to generate preconsolidation pressure and penetration resistance models for Latososlo Vermelho-Amarelo distrófico (Oxisol) under various managements and uses; and evaluate which of these would lead to degradation or degradation susceptibility. The study was carried out in Curvelo, MG. Two managements and one land use were evaluated: no-tillage, sheep grazing and natural forest. Undisturbed soil samples collected from the 0-5 cm layer were subjected to uniaxial compression and penetration resistance tests. Preconsolidation pressure models for forest and no-tillage soils were not statistically different, demonstrating a low degradation potential in no-tillage systems. Preconsolidation pressure was higher in soil under sheep grazing at all water retention tensions and penetration resistance values were higher than under native forest indicating animal trampling as a potential degradation factor. Neither management presented penetration resistance values above 2 MPa at field capacity moisture. Only under sheep grazing the soil penetrability was near 2 MPa at field capacity and values greater than 2 MPa at 0.2 kg kg-1.
QUANTIDADE DE FÓSFORO EXTRAÍDO PELAS SOLUÇÕES DE MEHLICH-1 E MEHLICH-3 EM RAZÃO DE DIFERENTES VELOCIDADES DE AGITAÇÃO, TEMPOS DE CONTATO E TEMPERATURAS
Authors: Santos Lenio da Silva , Silva Leandro Souza da , Cargnelutti Filho Alberto , Griebeler Gustavo
Published: April 2015

A extração de fósforo do solo pode ser comprometida pelas condições em que a análise é realizada e isso pode explicar a variabilidade nos resultados encontrados. O objetivo deste trabalho foi verificar a influência de desvios na velocidade de agitação, no tempo de contato e na temperatura sobre a extração do P pelos extratores Mehlich-1 (M-1) e Mehlich-3 (M-3) em amostras de solo. O estudo foi conduzido por meio de três experimentos executados com 11 amostras de solo provenientes da camada arável de Latossolo, Neossolo, Argissolo, Cambissolo, Planossolo, que são representativas das regiões geomorfológicas do Planalto e da Depressão Central do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul. Para todos os experimentos, adotou-se o delineamento experimental inteiramente casualizado em esquema fatorial 2 × 5 × 11, sendo dois extratores, cinco velocidades, temperaturas ou tempos de contato solo/solução e 11 tipos de solo, com quatro repetições. No primeiro experimento, a mistura solo:solução foi agitada em 80, 100, 120, 140 e 160 oscilações por min (opm). No segundo, após a agitação por 5 min, a mistura solo:solução foi deixada em repouso por períodos de tempo de oito, 12, 16, 20 e 24 h para retirada dos extratos. No terceiro, a temperatura de execução de todo o protocolo de análises foi mantida constante em 15, 20, 25, 30 e 35 °C. O aumento na velocidade de agitação de 120 até 160 opm aumentou a quantidade de P extraído pelos extratores. O aumento no tempo de contato antes da extração da alíquota elevou as quantidades de P extraído pelo M-1 e diminuiu para o M-3. Variações na temperatura não influenciaram significativamente o extrator M-1, mas o M-3 foi mais sensível a variações. Uma padronização na velocidade de agitação, no tempo de repouso e uma climatização dos laboratórios tornam-se necessárias para diminuir a interferência causada sobre as quantidades de P extraído pelos métodos M-1 e M-3 em amostras de solo.
MICROBIAL CHARACTERISTICS OF SOILS UNDER AN INTEGRATED CROP-LIVESTOCK SYSTEM
Authors: Silva Andréa Scaramal da , Colozzi Filho Arnaldo , Nakatani André Shigueyoshi , Alves Sérgio José , Andrade Diva de Souza , Guimarães Maria de Fátima
Published: April 2015

Integrated crop-livestock systems (ICLs) are a viable strategy for the recovery and maintenance of soil characteristics. In the present study, an ICL experiment was conducted by the Instituto Agronômico do Paraná in the municipality of Xambre, Parana (PR), Brazil, to evaluate the effects of various grazing intensities. The objective of the present study was to quantify the levels of microbial biomass carbon (MBC) and soil enzymatic activity in an ICL of soybean (summer) and Brachiaria ruziziensis (winter), with B. ruziziensis subjected to various grazing intensities. Treatments consisted of varying pasture heights and grazing intensities (GI): 10, 20, 30, and 40 cm (GI-10, GI-20, GI-30, and GI-40, respectively) and a no grazing (NG) control. The microbial characteristics analysed were MBC, microbial respiration (MR), metabolic quotient (qCO2), the activities of acid phosphatase, β-glucosidase, arylsuphatase, and cellulase, and fluorescein diacetate (FDA) hydrolysis. Following the second grazing cycle, the GI-20 treatment (20-cm - moderate) grazing intensity) contained the highest MBC concentrations and lowest qCO2 concentrations. Following the second soybean cycle, the treatment with the highest grazing intensity (GI-10) contained the lowest MBC concentration. Soil MBC concentrations in the pasture were favoured by the introduction of animals to the system. High grazing intensity (10-cm pasture height) during the pasture cycle may cause a decrease in soil MBC and have a negative effect on the microbial biomass during the succeeding crop. Of all the enzymes analyzed, only arylsuphatase and cellulase activities were altered by ICL management, with differences between the moderate grazing intensity (GI-20) and no grazing (NG) treatments.
SOIL CHEMICAL PROPERTIES AND GROWTH OF SUNFLOWER (HELIANTHUS ANNUUS L.) AS AFFECTED BY THE APPLICATION OF ORGANIC FERTILIZERS AND INOCULATION WITH ARBUSCULAR MYCORRHIZAL FUNGI
Authors: Silva Apolino José Nogueira da , Silva Ricardo Alencar da , Santos Juliana da Silva , Medeiros Jordan Carlos Silva de , Carvalho Fabíola Gomes de , Silva Valéria Nogueira da , Oliveira Cosme Jales de , Araújo Afrânio César de , Silva Luiz Eduardo Souza Fernandes da , Gomes Junior Júlio
Published: April 2015

The use of organic fertilizers and the inoculation of mycorrhizal fungi in the cultivation of oil crops is essential to reduce production costs and minimize negative impacts on natural resources. A field experiment was conducted in an Argissolo Amarelo (Ultisol) with the aim of evaluating the effects of fertilizer application and inoculation of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi on the growth attributes of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) and on soil chemical properties. The experiment was conducted at the Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil, using a randomized block design with three replicates in a 4 × 2 factorial arrangement consisting of four treatments in regard to application of organic fertilizer (liquid biofertilizer, cow urine, mineral fertilizer, and unfertilized control) and two treatments in regard to arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (with and without mycorrhizal fungi). The results showed that the physiological attributes of relative growth rate and leaf weight ratio were positively influenced by fertilization, compared to the control treatment, likely brought about by the supply of nutrients from the fertilizers applied. The growth and productivity attributes were positively affected by mycorrhization.
RELAÇÃO ENTRE DENSIDADE DO SOLO E CONTEÚDO DE ÁGUA EM REPETIDOS CICLOS DE CONTRAÇÃO E EXPANSÃO EM UM LATOSSOLO
Authors: Gubiani Paulo Ivonir , Lier Quirijn de Jong Van , Drescher Marta Sandra , Mezzomo Henrique Caletti , Veiga Camila Machado Costa
Published: April 2015

A compactação do solo é uma consequência indesejável do uso agrícola do solo, sobretudo em sistemas de cultivo com mínimo revolvimento do solo, como é o caso do plantio direto (PD). Contudo, a compactação que o tráfego de máquinas causa no solo sob PD não inviabiliza a produção das culturas, indicando que mecanismos intrínsecos a ele promovem reversão da compactação. Neste estudo, avaliou-se a influência de ciclos de contração e expansão sobre a densidade do solo (ρ) de um Latossolo Vermelho argiloso (0,57 kg kg-1 de argila e 0,12 kg kg-1 de areia) e a mudança temporal da ρ no campo. Amostras de solo foram compactadas no laboratório até atingirem ρ de 1464 kg m-3 e submetidas a cinco ciclos de contração (secagem ao ar) e expansão (saturação). Durante a contração, foi monitorado o conteúdo gravimétrico de água e a ρ. A ρ foi medida também no campo, nos anos de 2010, 2011 e 2013. O decréscimo do conteúdo de água nas amostras provocou aumento da ρ conforme uma função sigmoide com duas assíntotas, e o aumento da ρ foi expressivo em conteúdos de água menores que o do ponto de murcha permanente (1,5 MPa). Embora tenha havido aumento da ρ durante a contração, os sucessivos eventos de contração e expansão reduziram gradativamente a ρ de 1713 para 1570 kg m-3 (final da contração), e de 1464 para 1385 kg m-3 (próximo à saturação). Em solo compactado no campo também foi verificado a variação decrescente de ρ (de 1406 para 1327 kg m-3) a uma taxa de -26 kg m-3 ano-1. Concluiu-se que a diminuição do grau de compactação no campo está ligada em grande parte ao mesmo mecanismo que diminuiu o grau de compactação das amostras no laboratório. Assim, no solo usado neste estudo, a contração e expansão conseguiram reverter grande parte da compactação que o tráfego de máquinas causa nele.
SOIL FUNGISTASIS AGAINST FUSARIUM GRAMINEARUM UNDER DIFFERENT CROP MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS
Authors: Lisboa Bruno Brito , Bayer Cimélio , Passaglia Luciane Maria Pereira , Camargo Flávio Anastácio de Oliveira , Beneduzi Anelise , Ambrosini Adriana , Vargas Luciano Kayser
Published: April 2015

Soil management, in terms of tillage and cropping systems, strongly influences the biological properties of soil involved in the suppression of plant diseases. Fungistasis mediated by soil microbiota is an important component of disease-suppressive soils. We evaluated the influence of different management systems on fungistasis against Fusarium graminearum, the relationship of fungistasis to the bacterial profile of the soil, and the possible mechanisms involved in this process. Samples were taken from a long-term experiment set up in a Paleudult soil under conventional tillage or no-tillage management and three cropping systems: black oat (Avena strigose L.) + vetch (Vicia sativa L.)/maize (Zea mays L.) + cowpea (Vigna sinensis L.), black oat/maize, and vetch/maize. Soil fungistasis was evaluated in terms of reduction of radial growth of F. graminearum, and bacterial diversity was assessed using ribosomal intergenic spacer analysis (RISA). A total of 120 bacterial isolates were obtained and evaluated for antibiosis, and production of volatile compounds and siderophores. No-tillage soil samples showed the highest level of F. graminearum fungistasis by sharply reducing the development of this pathogen. Of the cropping systems tested, the vetch + black oat/maize + cowpea system showed the highest fungistasis and the oat/maize system showed the lowest. The management system also affected the genetic profile of the bacteria isolated, with the systems from fungistatic soils showing greater similarity. Although there was no clear relationship between soil management and the characteristics of the bacterial isolates, we may conclude that antibiosis and the production of siderophores were the main mechanisms accounting for fungistasis.
INOCULATION AND ISOLATION OF PLANT GROWTH-PROMOTING BACTERIA IN MAIZE GROWN IN VITÓRIA DA CONQUISTA, BAHIA, BRAZIL
Authors: Santos Joelma da Silva , Viana Tarciana de Oliveira , Jesus Cristina Meira de , Baldani Vera Lúcia Divan , Ferreira Joilson Silva
Published: April 2015

Maize is among the most important crops in the world. This plant species can be colonized by diazotrophic bacteria able to convert atmospheric N into ammonium under natural conditions. This study aimed to investigate the effect of inoculation of the diazotrophic bacterium Herbaspirillum seropedicae (ZAE94) and isolate new strains of plant growth-promoting bacteria in maize grown in Vitória da Conquista, Bahia, Brazil. The study was conducted in a greenhouse at the Experimental Area of the Universidade Estadual do Sudoeste da Bahia. Inoculation was performed with peat substrate, with and without inoculation containing strain ZAE94 of H. seropedicae and four rates of N, in the form of ammonium sulfate (0, 60, 100, and 140 kg ha-1 N). After 45 days, plant height, dry matter accumulation in shoots, percentage of N, and total N (NTotal) were evaluated. The bacteria were isolated from root and shoot fragments of the absolute control; the technique of the most probable number and identification of bacteria were used. The new isolates were physiologically characterized for production of indole acetic acid (IAA) and nitrogenase activity. We obtained 30 isolates from maize plants. Inoculation with strain ZAE94 promoted an increase of 14.3 % in shoot dry mass and of 44.3 % in NTotal when associated with the rate 60 kg ha-1 N. The strains N11 and N13 performed best with regard to IAA production and J06, J08, J10, and N15 stood out in acetylene reduction activity, demonstrating potential for inoculation of maize.
O que as organizações entendem por gestão de talentos?
Authors: Ferrazza Dayane Scopel , Burtet Cecília Gerhardt , Scheffer Angela Beatriz Busato
Published: April 2015

Este estudo objetiva discorrer sobre práticas que constituem a denominada Gestão de Talentos (GT) no universo corporativo. O tema que, segundo o estudo da SHRM (2013), ocupa, desde 2010, a primeira posição na lista de prioridades dos líderes de RH, aparece também no Brasil como tendência principal em políticas e práticas de Gestão de Pessoas (GP). A denominada guerra pelos talentos associa-se a um momento de transição da sociedade industrial para a pós-industrial. Apesar de ser um tema emergente e presente em muitos debates mundiais que abordam o futuro da GP, observa-se ainda confusão nas definições existentes sobre os termos talento e Gestão de Talentos, instigando o questionamento: o que especificamente é Gestão de Talentos? Embora reconheçam a carência de uma definição consistente sobre o termo, alguns autores afirmam que uma boa GT é muito importante para a estratégia da empresa. A Gestão de Talentos não tem ainda um significado claro. A multiplicidade de conceitos revela a necessidade de estudos que ofereçam avanços significativos no entendimento do assunto. Em que realmente acreditam as empresas que hoje utilizam a expressão Gestão de Talentos em seus discursos e práticas de gestão? Em que a GT se diferencia da GP? Qual o objetivo da identificação e/ou diferenciação dos talentos dentro de cada estrutura organizacional pesquisada? A presente pesquisa propõe, através de análise comparativa, uma reflexão sobre tais inquietações. Para isso foram entrevistados gestores de três organizações de natureza distinta, todas de grande porte, localizadas no estado do Rio Grande do Sul, região sul do Brasil, tendo elas um elemento em comum: a presença do termo Gestão de Talentos em suas retóricas. A análise comparativa dos resultados oferece avanços na compreensão do assunto e demonstra a confusão de conceitos ainda existente, possível reflexo da atual miscelânea literária de definições.
Fatores de impacto na Atitude e na Intenção de uso do M-learning: um teste empírico
Authors: Kurtz Renata , Macedo-Soares T. Diana de , Ferreira Jorge Brantes , Freitas Angilberto Sabino de , Silva Jorge Ferreira da
Published: April 2015

Este artigo apresenta os resultados de uma pesquisa empírica em que se propõe um modelo para avaliar a atitude e a intenção de uso do mobile-learning(m-learning) por estudantes do ensino superior de um curso de administração baseado na teoria do flow, no Modelo de Aceitação de Tecnologia e na Teoria do Comportamento Planejado. A partir deste arcabouço teórico elaborou-se uma atividade prática envolvendo o uso de dispositivos com tecnologia móvel digital (celulares) em que se buscou aplicar o m-learning para estimular os estudantes a unir a teoria à prática. Em seguida, foi feita uma survey respondida por 235 universitários, em que se buscou compreender os fatores que influenciam a atitude e a intenção de uso do m-learning para o processo de ensino-aprendizagem. Os dados coletados foram tratados por meio de equações estruturais e os resultados mostraram fortes efeitos positivos dos fatores utilidade, diversão e controle do comportamento percebidos pelos estudantes na atitude e na intenção de uso do m-learning. Por fim, verificou-se que a atividade de uso prático realizada com os alunos mostrou que o uso do celular em uma atividade acadêmica pôde proporcionar a construção e o entendimento deles das relações entre a teoria apresentada e a prática em um ambiente real.
Estilos de liderança e desempenho de equipes no setor público
Authors: Dias Maria Aparecida Muniz Jorge , Borges Renata Simões Guimarães e
Published: April 2015

O presente trabalho tem por objetivo analisar como os estilos de liderança dos gestores públicos influenciam o desempenho das equipes. Com base em pesquisas anteriores, a hipótese colocada neste estudo é que o estilo de liderança transformacional levaria aos melhores resultados de desempenho. Com isso, foi realizado um survey no poder executivo do estado de Minas Gerais, cuja amostra obtida foi de 315 servidores representando 82 equipes. Questionários padronizados e baseados em instrumentos amplamente testados foram aplicados. Os resultados desta pesquisa não confirmam a literatura sobre liderança, pois os servidores apontam que o desempenho das equipes é influenciado positivamente pelo estilo de liderança transacional e não transformacional. Ou seja, os líderes que utilizam mecanismos de negociação que atrelam o desempenho a recompensa são os que obtêm melhores resultados. Esta pesquisa revela que na administração pública o estilo de liderança transacional está associado ao melhor desempenho das equipes, cujas características possuem uma interface com o novo modelo da política de gestão de pessoas, que tem como um de seus pilares a meritocracia. No entanto, é preciso repensar o papel da liderança no setor público uma vez que a liderança transacional excessiva leva a um baixo envolvimento do funcionário. Este aspecto é evidenciado na medida de desempenho que revela que o comprometimento profissional das equipes é o mais baixo índice de desempenho.
MOTIVAÇÃO DE VOLUNTÁRIOS: PROPOSIÇÃO DE UM MODELO TEÓRICO
Authors: CAVALCANTE CARLOS EDUARDO , SOUZA WASHINGTON JOSÉ DE , MÓL ANDERSON LUIZ REZENDE
Published: April 2015

O presente estudo propõe um modelo estrutural para caracterizar motivos que levam indivíduos ao trabalho voluntário. O espaço empírico do estudo foi a Pastoral da Criança – organismo de ação social da Conferência Nacional dos Bispos do Brasil (CNBB). A instituição, de base comunitária, desenvolve trabalhos baseados em valores cristões como ajuda ao próximo, fraternidade, solidariedade e partilha do saber. O referencial teórico discute elementos do trabalho voluntário a partir de autores nacionais e internacionais, como os trabalhos de Wilson (2000), Clary, Snyder e Ridge (1992), Bussell e Forbes (2002), Cnaan, Handy e Wadsworth (1996), Penner (2002), no exterior, e os de Figueiredo (2005), Souza, Lima e Marques (2008), Sampaio (2004), Souza e Carvalho (2006), Piccoli (2009) e Vervloet (2009), em contexto brasileiro. A partir de Mostyn (1983), Carvalho e Souza (2007), Souza, Medeiros e Fernandes (2006), Souza, Dias, Moura e Cunha (2009), Souza, Cunha, Nascimento e Cavalcante (2010), Cavalcante, Souza, Nascimento e Cunha (2011a, 2011b, 2011c, 2012), abordam-se conceitos de voluntariado e reflexões teóricas de motivação voluntária que conduziram à construção do modelo testado. A coleta de dados foi realizada por meio de questionário fechado com 21 indicadores, em duas visitas a cidades da Diocese de Pesqueira/PE. A primeira coleta de dados ocorreu no período entre 30 de maio e 3 de junho de 2011, na cidade de Buíque/PE, e, a segunda, na cidade de Pesqueira/PE, entre 6 e 8 de julho de 2011. Aplicaram-se 720 questionários no total. A amostra foi dividida em duas partes. Com a primeira, foi feita análise fatorial exploratória e, com a segunda, análise fatorial confirmatória, por meio da modelagem das equações estruturais. O exame dos resultados alcançados pelo modelo das expectativas permite concluir pela validade e confiabilidade do instrumento. Assim, as expectativas do voluntário da Pastoral da Criança são explicadas por um conjunto de interações entre os cinco atributos testados: altruísta, afetivo, amigável, ajustado e ajuizado.
Interações, práticas, políticas e modos de gestão: o referencial histórico cultural nas teses e dissertações do grupo INFOC de 2003 a 2013
Authors: Pena Alexandra , Toledo Leonor Pio Borges de , Barbosa Silvia Néli
Published: April 2015

Tendo em perspectiva que o pesquisador que pretende investigar as crianças como sujeitos deve levar em conta quem são as crianças, como participam do processo de produção dos conhecimentos, que significados produzem sobre a realidade que as cerca, este artigo faz o levantamento da presença de Vigotski na produção acadêmica do grupo INFOC – Infância Formação e cultura, envolvendo pesquisas no período de 2003 a 2013. De 30 pesquisas, oito trazem Vigotski como referência para analisar interações e práticas entre crianças e destas com os adultos em creches, pré-escolas. Um estudo se realiza em um museu e dois abordam políticas de educação infantil e formação de profissionais. Este artigo faz também o levantamento dos livros utilizados como fonte de pesquisa, bem como que conceitos estão presentes. Com este levantamento, pretendeu-se verificar como o enraizamento das ideias de Vigotski, enquanto um dos autores de referência desse grupo, se ramifica nas pesquisas individuais.
Práticas pedagógicas na educação infantil: contribuições da teoria histórico-cultural
Authors: Chaves Marta
Published: April 2015

Este texto apresenta as reflexões efetuadas no Projeto de Pesquisa “Práticas Pedagógicas na Educação Infantil: contribuições da Teoria Histórico-Cultural”, em que amparamos nossos estudos sobre práticas educativas e formação de professores nas elaborações da teoria histórico-cultural. O ponto de partida para a realização deste trabalho foi atribuirmos atenção aos procedimentos didáticos, conhecidos como “atividades”; identificamos registros (cartazes, cadernos e folhas avulsas) de crianças dos 32 núcleos de educação do Paraná. Intensificamos pesquisas relacionadas aos aspectos históricos das instituições de educação infantil para compreendermos a dinâmica do trabalho educativo na atualidade. Realizamos leituras dos clássicos da ciência da história e da teoria histórico-cultural, pois acreditamos que para a compreensão da organização da rotina (tempo e espaço) do trabalho pedagógico é necessário considerar as possibilidades de ensino intencional e sistematizado em uma perspectiva de humanização na educação infantil.
Teaching for Democratic Action
Authors: Westheimer Joel
Published: April 2015

Current school reform policies that emphasize standardized tests and a narrow curriculum leave students without skills they need to participate effectively in democratic societies. This article exposes these reforms as inadequate and draws on research regarding school-based programs that seek to teach good citizenship to detail three visions of citizenship commonly found in school programs: personally responsible, participatory, and social justice-oriented. Personally responsible citizenship is the most commonly pursued but has little to do with democratic thought and action. The article concludes with three recommendations for practice.
Seasonal prevalence and mean intensity of Psoroptes ovis infestation in goats in the Brazilian semiarid region
Authors: Amorim Malba Gean Rodrigues de , Azevedo Sérgio Santos , Riet-Correa Franklin
Published: April 2015

To determine the prevalence and seasonal variation of Psoroptes ovis (Delafond, 1858) mange in goats in the semiarid region of Paraíba, 541 crossbred goats of both sexes and different ages were examined between June 1999 and May 2001 and between August 2011 and December 2012, by washing their ear canals. The monthly prevalence of the infestation varied between 66.66% and 100% without significant differences (p = 0.10) among months and years. The intensity of infestation was higher between 2011–2012 (p < 0.05), with an annual rainfall of 123 mm, than between 1999-2000, which had an annual rainfall of 614.9 mm. By the Spearman test there was a negative correlation between the relative humidity and the rainfall of the intensity of the P. ovis infestation. It is concluded that parasitism by P. ovis occurs at a similar prevalence rate during the entire year but increases during dry years.
Occurrence of Chandleronema longigutturata (Nematoda: Acuariidae) in Procyon cancrivorus in the Neotropical region
Authors: Suárez Alice Graciela Rodriguez , Pesenti Tatiana Cheuiche , Macedo Márcia Raquel Pegoraro de , Mascarenhas Carolina Silveira , Antunes Gertrud Müller
Published: April 2015

Procyon cancrivorus is a wild animal that is found from Central America to Uruguay and northeastern Argentina. It is one of the least studied carnivore species in Brazil. For the purpose of identifying helminths that parasitize P. cancrivorus, individuals of this species that had been run over and killed by motor vehicles were collected from highways in the southern part of the state of Rio Grande do Sul. At necropsy, their organs, along with organ contents and mucous membranes, were examined for parasite collection. The nematodes found in the stomachs of these Procyonidae were cleared with lactophenol and Chandleronema longigutturata was identified. This report provides the first record of occurrences of C. longigutturata in the Neotropical region and its parasitism in P. cancrivorus.
Effect of dietary supplementation with propolis and Aloe barbadensis extracts on hematological parameters and parasitism in Nile tilapia
Authors: Dotta Geovana , Brum Aline , Jeronimo Gabriela Tomas , Maraschin Marcelo , Martins Maurício Laterça
Published: April 2015

This study evaluated the influence of diet supplementation with propolis and Aloe barbadensis on hematological parameters and parasitism in tilapia. One hundred and eighty fish were distributed among 12 water tanks forming four treatments: fish supplemented with a 1:1 mixture of 0%, 0.5%, 1% and 2% propolis and aloe extracts. After the fish had been fed on the experimental diets for 15 and 21 days, blood samples were taken and parasites collected. The monogeneans Cichlidogyrus sclerosus, C. halli, C. thurstonae and Scutogyrus longicornis were identified in the gills. Between the sampling times, there were increases in the numbers of erythrocytes, leukocytes, thrombocytes and lymphocytes, as observed after 21 days, possibly due to the stress level over the course of the assay and/or accumulation of substances in the organism. Supplementation with the mixture of propolis and aloe for 15 days showed the highest efficacy against the parasites. This was possibly due to the association between the two compounds. The results demonstrated that supplementation with mixtures of extracts did not produce hematological alterations and also favored a significant reduction in the number of gill parasites. The best results were achieved after 15 days of feeding with a diet with 0.5% and 1% supplementation with the extract mixture, which increased efficiency by 83 and 85% respectively
Future capital: introducing the London 2050 infrastructure plan
Authors: Choa Christopher
Published: April 2015

The Greater London Authority plans to invest over £1·3 trillion in infrastructure over the next 35 years. Christopher Choa of Aecom, an advisor to the mayor of London's infrastructure delivery board, introduces the capital's recently published infrastructure plan.
Mobile information technology in construction: keep taking the tablets
Authors: Armstrong Richard
Published: April 2015

Civil engineers are increasingly using mobile technology on construction sites, but there are still several obstacles to overcome before the full potential of tablets and other mobile devices can be fully realised. Harrison O'Hara, corresponding member of the Institution of Civil Engineers information systems expert panel, reports.
A head start for the next generation of civil engineers
Authors: Rowe Estelle
Published: April 2015

The UK Headstart initiative, which offers 16–17 year olds a chance to spend a week at university on an engineering taster course before making their final degree choice, received over 3000 applications last year – the highest in its 17 year history. Estelle Rowe of EDT reports.
Parametric investigation of 3D RC beam–column joint mechanics
Authors: Alaee Pooya , Li Bing , Cheung Patrick P. C.
Published: April 2015

This paper presents the experimental and numerical findings of interior and exterior beam–column–slab joints under cyclic lateral loading in two orthogonal directions. Two full-scale interior and one exterior beam–column joint assemblies incorporating floor slabs were subjected to quasi-static cyclic loading and zero column axial loads. The test results from these three models, designed according to building code provisions for ductile moment-resisting frames, were satisfactory in terms of strength and ductility capacity. Parametric studies via the non-linear finite-element approach were performed to study the influence of various parameters on the strength and ductility of three-dimensional beam–column joints. The study confirmed the beneficial effects of incorporating floor slabs and transverse spandrel beams on the behaviour of beam–column joints. The presence of axial compressive load improved the joint shear capacity of the beam–column joints, but a threshold limit should be applied.
Exploring the art of urban design as a sensorial experience
Authors: Smith Shelley
Published: April 2015

Contemporary urbanity is characterised by factors such as a large scale, hypermobility and momentary temporality. In terms of the physical spaces that these factors generate and the presence of users in them, this translates to spaces that challenge the ability to perceive and participate due to their size, speed and flux. Relating to aesthetics as perception, the art of urban design in contemporary urbanity then seems to lie in accessing the ability to experience in a setting that makes it difficult to do so. This paper will explore the potential for aesthetic (sensorial) experience as the art of urban design, and look for that potential in the constituent elements and subsequent spaces of contemporary urbanity from the perspective of both the user and the practitioner.
MOTION OF VARIABLE VISCOSITY LIQUIDS IN POROUS MEDIA
Authors: SHABANOV Vsevolod Aleksandrovich
Published: April 2015

Motion of variable viscosity water drop in perfect soil model is viewed. Resistance forces are presented as amount sum of mass forces and forces depending on water drop speed and liquid viscosity. Resistance forces are ranged in accordance with coordinate and time. Three terms in each range are holded - quadratic terms are presented. It was shown that in this case the equation of the motion has the form of the Riccati equation. The equation factors have been defi ned experimentally. Mathematic model proves that in defi nes conditions water drop is stopped forming a slug.
RESEARCH OF DIFFICULT HEAT EXCHANGE IN THE MULTILAYERED CYLINDRICAL СONSTRUCTION INCLUDING ENERGY SAVING GAS LAYERS
Authors: KUDINOV Igor Vasil'evich , ABISHEVA Lubov Sergeevna , BRANFILEVA Anastasia Nikolaevna
Published: April 2015

Pilot and theoretical studies of difficult heat exchange in a gas layer which allowed to carry out the analysis of process of transfer of warmth are conducted to define a contribution of each component of heat exchange (convective heat exchange and radiation), to find equivalent coefficient of heat conductivity of a vertical cylindrical air layer on various operating modes of laboratory installation in the wide range of temperatures (from 0 -to 3000 C). Results of research will be useful to modeling of heatexchange processes in gas layers, at a choice of the most optimum (power effective) thickness of a layer, a material of walls, environment structure, etc.
RATIONALISM AND PRIMITIVITY OF LINE BUILDING: CONDITIONS OF RETURN
Authors: KOTENKO Irina Aleksandrovna
Published: April 2015

Results of evolution of line building as one of townplanning composition types are analyzed. The features of line building composition in Samara are described. Historic examples of line compositions in national and local practice are viewed. Advantages and disadvantages of line building as well as conditions of return of line composition principles in contemporary planning of Samara city.
COMPARATIVE EVALUATION OF HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING ON THE EXAMPLE OF NAVIGATION LOCKS COBSTRUCTION IN ROSTOV REGION
Authors: BELOV Viktor A.
Published: April 2015

The historic reference on progressive construction of units of navigation locks system Severo-Donetskaya in 1911-1913 and of second run of navigation locks system Kotshetovsky in 2004-2008 is given. The comparative evaluation of funding, designing and construction of these objects is realized. Off ers about using of professional experience of highly qualifi ed hydraulic engineers of past times for modern navigation locks construction are made.
STUDY OF SPLIT-SYSTEM IN HEATING MODE
Authors: KARTASHOVA Alinya O. , KORTYAEVA Daria O. , KULYASOVA Ksenia E. , TSYNAEVA Anna A.
Published: April 2015

In this article there is a study of the heat pump for heating the premises of a public building (academic building of Samara State University of Architecture and Civil Engineering). The aim of the work was to determine the parameters of the heat pump and the impact of his work on the microclimate parameters of heated space. As the heat pump was activated split-system, operating in the heating mode; analysis was performed changing the state of the working fluid (Freon-R410A) used in this split-system. The studies revealed that the use of the heat pump (split system, operating in heating mode) allows you to maintain optimum parameters of the indoor environment. With the help of the tests revealed that the use of split-system as a heating system reduces the inertia of the system to ensure the indoor environment. This leads to maintain a comfortable environment for human habitation when the external operating conditions typical of the autumn-spring period, and demonstrates the effectiveness of the use of split systems, the use of which may in residential and public buildings. Furthermore, was prepared a graph of the room temperature before and after the operation of a split system.
High Mortality Among Non–HIV-Infected People Who Inject Drugs in Bangkok, Thailand, 2005–2012
Authors: Vanichseni Suphak , Martin Michael , Suntharasamai Pravan , Sangkum Udomsak , Mock Philip A. , Gvetadze Roman J. , Curlin Marcel E. , Leethochawalit Manoj , Chiamwongpaet Sithisat , Chaipung Benjamaporn , McNicholl Janet M. , Paxton Lynn A. , Kittimunkong Somyot , Choopanya Kachit
Published: April 2015

Objectives. We examined the causes of hospitalization and death of people who inject drugs participating in the Bangkok Tenofovir Study, an HIV preexposure prophylaxis trial.

Methods. The Bangkok Tenofovir Study was a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial conducted during 2005 to 2012 among 2413 people who inject drugs. We reviewed medical records to define the causes of hospitalization and death, examined participant characteristics and risk behaviors to determine predictors of death, and compared the participant mortality rate with the rate of the general population of Bangkok, Thailand.

Results. Participants were followed an average of 4 years; 107 died: 22 (20.6%) from overdose, 13 (12.2%) from traffic accidents, and 12 (11.2%) from sepsis. In multivariable analysis, older age (40–59 years; P = .001), injecting drugs (P = .03), and injecting midazolam (P < .001) were associated with death. The standardized mortality ratio was 2.9.

Conclusions. People who injected drugs were nearly 3 times as likely to die as were those in the general population of Bangkok and injecting midazolam was independently associated with death. Drug overdose and traffic accidents were the most common causes of death, and their prevention should be public health priorities.
Essential Aspects in Probabilistic Cost and Duration Forecasting for Subsea Multi-well Abandonment: Simplicity, Industrial Applicability and Accuracy
Authors: Moeinikia Fatemeh , Fjelde Kjell Kåre , Saasen Arild , Vrålstad Torbjørn
Published: April 2015

There are a large number of subsea fields on the Norwegian Continental Shelf approaching the end of their lifetime and, hence, require to be abandoned. In order to improve cost efficiency, a combination of rig-based and rigless technologies will be employed to accomplish distinct phases for subsea well abandonment. A correct picture of expenditures and duration for the field abandonment is an important aspect in budgetary planning for every company.

Although the probabilistic approach has become a standard method compared to the deterministic approach for time and cost forecasting, complexity of the probabilistic approach compared to the deterministic method might still be a hindrance for using this approach. In this paper, a simple excel-based program is developed for probabilistic cost and time estimation of subsea multi-well abandonment. This model is aimed to provide an applicable and simple means for industry to estimate cost and time of subsea well abandonment. The structure of this program is based on the Oil and Gas UK Guideline on well abandonment cost estimation. This is presented in a way capable of being replicated easily. In addition a summary of vessel based technologies available for subsea well abandonment together with a brief description of operation sequences for well abandonment are presented.

The inclusion of dependencies into cost and time forecasting model is a challenging issue which needs to be addressed in order to achieve a correct picture of possible outcomes. In the second section of this paper, different approaches to address dependencies among different operations are also investigated together with a comparison and a discussion on the benefits and the disadvantages associated with each approach. This will be implemented for a case example wherein different rigless technologies are utilized to complete multi-well abandonment.
Resin: An Alternative Barrier Solution Material
Authors: Beharie Colin , Francis Sean , Øvestad Karl Henrik
Published: April 2015

Assured well integrity and the reduction of associated drilling problems has been a recurrent challenge for operators over the years. Conventional cement does not always endure the mechanical stresses and requirements placed on it by a wellbore and it often falls short in providing permanent isolation beyond the production life of a well. Unconventional alternatives, such as thermosetting resins, are now available and can be used to solve a variety of drilling and production barrier problems, filling the niche where conventional methods have failed.

The plugging and abandonment of oil and gas wells along with their associated depleted reservoirs is now an urgent matter whose antiquated methodologies are in need revision. Many previously abandoned wells are now leaking due to cement failure. As a result, many operators seek to employ alternative materials that are more resilient and reliable when permanently abandoning a well. However, as quite often is the case in all facets of industry, the introduction of new technology faces speculation and must overcome a variety of administrative controls before being adopted and implemented into the field. As a result, intensive effort is being spent on research to further validate the technical viability of polymer resins and advocate industry progression in this novel direction.

This paper explores the benefits of resin application for plug and abandonment operations in place of conventional systems from a methodological and laboratory perspective.
A Review of Caprock Issues In Thermal Recovery in Canada
Authors: Carlson M.R. (Mike)
Published: April 2015

The Alberta Energy Regulator (AER) has recently put a moratorium on shallow SAGD developments pending a review of technology. They have also sent out a series of draft requirements while the moratorium is in effect. This response has been to a series of events that have occurred and a growing requirement for environmental stewardship. The objective of the paper is to provide a history of what events have occurred, where the new requirements are taking the industry and a brief discussion of the implications. The first part of the paper will discuss a broad background of incidents that have occurred in Alberta with thermal projects. A brief description will be made of the main technical issues in calculating caprock integrity. The government has issued 5 separate documents that cover different aspects. A more detailed review will be outlined. Although the discussion is centered on thermal developments, caprock integrity is of broad concern in underground storage and unconventional reservoir development which utilizes multi-stage hydraulic fracturing. Government requirements are rapidly changing and it is a real challenge to keep up with these changes. Some comment will be made on how the caprock issue will likely develop over the next few years.
Continuous Inclination Enhances TVD Wellbore Positioning at the Troll Fields
Authors: Langaker I. , Edvardsen I.
Published: April 2015

The world largest subsea development Statoil Troll field consists of 115 subsea wells and more than one million drilled reservoir meters. A large number of existing wells, thinning oil column, and a highly varying oil-water contact (OWC) due to production challenge the optimal placement of new oil producers in terms of planning and execution.

To contribute to production, production wells must penetrate micaceous M-Sand and clean C-Sand. Due to an initially thin oil column (11-26m), the horizontal drainage from each well (branch) is limited; the most effective way to increase the recovery from the reservoir is to drill infill wells. This method has led to a high number of wells on Troll and has created a high number of well crossings in the reservoir section; which is why, landing in the reservoir section has become a challenge. True vertical depth (TVD) control is critical to success.

Dual Inclination (DI) and Continuous Inclination (CI) are survey methods that can be used to increase inclination accuracy and thereby reduce TVD uncertainty. Both DI and CI are applied on Troll wells. Although DI and CI are often used to hit and then stay within thin horizontal targets, these techniques are equally useful for reducing the probability of collision in environments like the Troll field, in which existing wells must be crossed within a few meters, at near horizontal. The increased survey frequency provided by CI is critical for TVD accuracy whenever drilling conditions introduce significant inclination variations over short distances. Forty eight Troll wells were reprocessed using CI. Fifty-six percent of the wells shifted in TVD by more than 0.5m; 17% shifted by more than 1.0m. These relatively small shifts can be significant in the Troll environment, especially as some wells are corrected up and some down. The errors can be attributed to a variety of drilling conditions common in the Troll field, such as drilling in hold mode with rotary steerable systems (RSS), continuous geosteering, and drilling hard stringers, all of which can cause inclination changes that may be missed by surveys taken at standard length intervals.
A Review Study of Wettability Alteration Methods with Regard to Nano-Materials Application
Authors: Sheshdeh Milad Jokari
Published: April 2015

Wettability is an indication of relative adhesion of fluids to a solid surface. In a system including several fluids, the fluid with less contact angle, spreading more on the surface, is considered as the wetting phase of the system. In pore system the wetting phase occupies the small pores and coats the surface of the larger pores with a thin film. Ultimate recovery and relative permeabilities of a reservoir greatly depend on the wetting behavior of the rocks. Modifying the wettability of a reservoir affects the production rates, production fluid ratios and the residual saturations. By adjusting the wettability of a system, a higher recovery factor can be achieved. Wettability alteration is necessary for preparing the cores and samples for experimental studies as well. There are several methods for wettability alteration among which, some are applicable only in laboratory scales while some are feasible in large scales as well. Using nano-materials for alteration of wettability is a new method which is focused on, after the development of the techniques for synthesizing nano sized particles in late 1980s. In this paper, after mentioning the fundamentals of wettability alteration, a review study is done on the nano materials which are used for wettability alteration. Among these nano-materials nano particles of silica and polysilicone indicated better results, in terms of efficiency on incremental oil recovery in water flooding, and therefore a more detailed description on these materials is mentioned in this paper.