bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Grinding Fluid Influences on Surface Roughness Using Acoustic Emission
Authors: Liu Hao , Zhao Long , Bafakeeh Omar , Marinescu Ioan D.
Published: February 2016

For optimization and control of the grinding process, it is necessary to monitor the process state. Fluid selection for grinding process is also considered as key factor for surface quality. This study focuses on the effects of different fluids in grinding process using Acoustic Emission technology. The analysis is carried out grouping the tests according to the main measured: Acoustic Emission (AE) signals, Normal and Tangential Forces on the workpiece surface, Grinding Temperature and Surface Roughness. The potential of real-time monitoring grinding process using Acoustic Emission technology is also tested. The results of this research show that selections of grinding fluids do have a significant influence on response factors such as surface roughness and AE signals. Further, prediction of surface roughness during the grinding process using AE signal monitoring is demonstrated in this work.
Influence of Various Cutting Fluids on Energy Consumption during Turning
Authors: Bachraty Michal , Tolnay Marian , Kovač Pavel , Pucovsky Vladimir
Published: February 2016

In this paper an experiment was carried out to examine the magnitude of differences among cutting fluids and their influence on lathe power consumption during machining. It was discovered that there is no universal cutting fluid. An attempt was made to study the possibility of Artificial Neural Network to model the behavior function for all cutting fluids. This could be used as a foundation for later database building where it would be possible to predict how certain cutting fluid will behave in a specific machining parameter combination.
Effect of caraway on gentamicin-induced oxidative stress, inflammation and nephrotoxicity in rats
Authors: Erjaee Hoda , Azma Fatemeh , Nazifi Saeed
Published: February 2016

Different potentially therapeutic approaches to prevent or attenuate gentamicin (GEM) induced nephrotoxicity have been proposed. The aim of the present study was to investigate the possible protective effects of caraway seed oil against GEM-induced nephrotoxicity in rats. Rats (24) were randomly assigned into four equal groups: i) normal control group, ii) treated with GEM, iii) pretreated with orally caraway seed oil 10 (mg kg−1) plus GEM and iv) treated with GEM and caraway seed oil 10 mg kg−1. Biochemical examinations were utilized for evaluation of the oxidative stress and renal nephrotoxicity. Creatinine, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), plasma malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activities were determined. Administration of gentamicin to rats induced a marked renal failure, characterized by a significant increase in plasma creatinine and BUN concentrations. The animals treated with gentamicin alone showed a significantly higher plasma MDA level andlower SOD, GSH-Px and CAT activities when compared with the control group. Treatment and simultaneous treatment with caraway seed oil produced amelioration in MDA and increased the activity of antioxidant enzymes SOD, GSH-Px and CAT when compared with the gentamicin treated group. In addition, GEM nephrotoxicity increased renal inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6 and IFN-γ). Pro-inflammatory cytokines were significantly decreased (P<0.05) in the test groups administered caraway seed oil. These findings suggest that caraway seed oil treatment attenuates renal dysfunction and structural damage through the reduction of oxidative stress and inflammation in rats.
The effects of prebiotic, probiotic and synbiotic diets containing Bacillus coagulans and inulin on serum lipid profile in the rat
Authors: Abhari Khadijeh , Shekarforoush Seyed Shahram , Hosseinzadeh Saeed , Nazifi Saeed , Sajedianfard Javad
Published: February 2016

An in vivo trial was conducted to evaluate the effects of Bacillus coagulans, and inulin, either separately or in combination, on lipid profile using a rat model. Thirty-two male Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups (n=8) and fed as follows: standard diet (control), standard diet with 5% w/w long chain inulin (prebiotic), standard diet with 109 spores/day spores of B. coagulans by orogastric gavage (probiotic), and standard diet with 5% w/w long chain inulin and 109 spores/day of B. coagulans (synbiotic). Rats were fed for 30 days. Serum samples were collected 10, 20 and 30 days following onset of treatment. Total, HDL and LDL cholesterol and triglycerides concentrations were analyzed. Results of this study showed that inulin potentially affected the lipid profile. An obvious decrease in serum total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol of rats fed with inulin in symbiotic and prebiotic groups was seen in all sampling days. Inulin fed rats also demonstrated higher levels of HDL-cholesterol concentration; however this value in probiotic and control fed rats remains without significant change. According to the results of this study, B. coagulans did not contribute to any lipid profile changes after 30 days. Thus, further in vitro investigations on the characteristic of these bacteria could be useful to gain insights into understanding the treatment of probiotics in order to achieve the maximum beneficial effect.
Impact of vitamin C on concentrations of thyroid stimulating hormone and thyroid hormones in lambs under short-term acute heat stress
Authors: Omidi Arash , Kheirie Masoumeh , Sarir Hadi
Published: February 2016

The present study evaluated the effect of vitamin C on alteration in thyroid hormones induced by short-term acute heat stress. Eight male lambs were divided into two groups of 4 animals each. Both groups were placed in an environment with hyper-acute heat stress based on the temperature – humidity index (THI). Groups I and II were injected intramuscularly normal saline and vitamin C (20 mg/kg), respectively, for the first five consecutive days of the experiment. All lambs were fed ad libitum. Blood samples were collected from both groups on days one, two, four, six and eight. Thyroxine and free thyroxine numerically increased (91.03 vs. 70.78 nmol L-1, P=0.080 and 29.8 vs. 24.8 pmol L-1, P=0.080; respectively) in heat stressed lambs supplemented with vitamin C compared to control group. Respiration rates and heart rates were elevated until day five of the experiment and then decreased. Mechanism for increasing the levels of thyroxine and free thyroxine by vitamin C is not well known. However, it may occur in part because of vitamin C antioxidant properties. The present study revealed that vitamin C might ameliorate the adverse effect of heat stress in lambs.
South Africa’s foreign and migration policies missteps: fuels of xenophobic eruptions?
Authors: Madue Mpedi
Published: February 2016

South Africa plays a crucial role in the development of the African continent, especially in the South African Development Community. Hence, South Africa’s foreign and migration policies shape the perceptions of both its citizens and those of neighbouring states. Since 1994, South Africa has continued to attract the highest number of migrants in the region. The widespread perceptions among South Africans that there are “floods” of illegal immigrants, stealing their jobs and depleting social and economic resources, is a course for concern. Undoubtedly, the South African society is under pressure to effectively respond to the sporadic eruptions of xenophobic attacks on African foreign nationals. This article argues that the missteps of South Africa’s foreign and migration policies partially contribute towards fuelling xenophobic attacks on foreign nationals. The findings of this article suggest that South Africa is not as committed to rooting out xenophobia as it would have us believe.
Scarce skills expatriates in South African universities: Rhetoric and realities of the “Messianic” academics
Authors: Sebola Mokoko
Published: February 2016

This article investigates the reason for the continued scarce skills shortage, despite the recruitment of expatriates in academic institutions as an intervention measure. It argues that while the Human Resources Departments in South African universities motivate for the appointment of expatriates in the development of scarce skills, little monitoring is done to determine the effectiveness of this objective and, often, no performance instrument exists for such personnel. As such, the scarce skills to be developed continue to be wanting in the country. This article is conceptual and uses literature to argue about the hypothetical relation between the lack of a monitoring tool for expatriates and the continued scarce skills problems that universities cannot address. It concludes that the continued lack of a performance-monitoring instrument in South African universities for contracted expatriates will not solve the skills shortage problem experienced in South Africa.
Approaches to “Xenophobia” interventions in Africa: Common narratives through community radio in South Africa
Authors: Muswede Thabiso
Published: February 2016

The article explores the prospects of community radio programming in providing organic interventions against xenophobia in South Africa. In the context of mounting migration- related complexities globally, the media have increasingly become a fundamental communication infrastructure through which citizens come to understand realities that affect their daily lives. This observation is particularly applicable to the majority of South Africans who currently face multiple socio-economic challenges, cited as the “ignition spark” to recent xenophobic attacks on immigrants in the media. Numerous public institutions including government and civic society have used mainstream media to champion condemnations of these attacks, however through optimistic top-down projections such as national electronic and print publications, with limited success. Although the latter forms of communication do reach large audiences, they lack heterogeneous appeal and are usually carriers of dominant discourses embedded in structural biases that are slanted towards the elite. This approach often marginalises the lower stratum of the population who usually bear the brunt of the xenophobic scourge as either perpetrators or victims thereof. The article uses participatory communication models to explicate how, as a typical product and reflection of the dynamics of the communities it serves, community radio could be used to promote a grassroots common narrative context for reflective anti-xenophobia communication discourse. The article concludes that, as part of the broader multimedia intervention strategy, community radio can provide an effective local perspective to the anti-xenophobia discourse through sustainable mainstreaming of migration issues in its programming.
Singular G-Monopoles on S1 × Σ
Authors: Smith Benjamin H.
Published: February 2016

This article provides an account of the functorial correspondence between irreducible
singular G-monopoles on S1×Σ and stable meromorphic pairs on Σ. A theorem of B.Charbonneau and J. Hurtubise is thus generalized here from unitary to arbitrary compact, connected gauge groups.
The required distinctions and similarities for unitary versus arbitrary gauge are clearly outlined, and many parallels are drawn for easy transition. Once the correspondence theorem is complete, the spectral decomposition is addressed.
Estimación de variables de combustible de copa y de masa, caracterizando el efecto de las claras en su estructura usando LiDAR aerotransportado
Authors: Hevia A. , Álvarez-González J. G. , Ruiz-Fernández E. , Prendes C. , Ruiz-González A. D. , Majada J. , González-Ferreiro E.
Published: February 2016

Los incendios forestales suponen una gran amenaza en el NO de España. La importancia y frecuencia de estos eventos en la zona sugiere la necesidad de programas de gestión del combustible para reducir la propagación y severidad de los incendios. La realización de una selvicultura de claras puede contribuir a la reducción del riesgo de incendio, ya que ocasiona una ruptura de la continuidad horizontal del combustible forestal. Además, es necesario realizar una gestión del riesgo de incendio basada en el conocimiento de la localización del combustible sobre el terreno, puesto que el estudio del comportamiento de un incendio y la simulación de la propagación del fuego son dependientes del factor espacial. Por ello, resulta esencial la generación de mapas del combustible para diferentes escenarios selvícolas. La elaboración de modelos de estimación de variables dasométricas y de estructura de la masa a partir de tecnología LiDAR es el punto de inicio para la elaboración de una cartografía espacialmente explícita. Esto adquiere mayor valor en los mapas de combustible puesto que la medición de las variables en campo resulta inviable. En el presente estudio, evaluamos el potencial de la tecnología LiDAR para estimar variables del combustible de copa y otras variables de masa, así como para identificar diferencias estructurales a nivel de rodal en masas de Pinus inaster Ait. con y sin manejo selvícola. Las variables independientes (métricas LiDAR) de mayor importancia explicativa fueron identificadas y los análisis de regresión indicaron fuertes relaciones entre éstas y las ariables medidas en campo (R2 varió entre 0.86 y 0.97). Por otra parte, se observaron diferencias significativas en algunas métricas LiDAR cuando se compararon masas aclaradas y no aclaradas. Los resultados demostraron que la tecnología LiDAR permite la modelización de variables de masa y de combustible de copa con alta precisión en esta especie, y que proporciona información útil para la identificación de áreas con y sin gestión selvícola.
Determinación de biomasa forestal mediante la utilización de técnicas de teledetección con imágenes radar. Estudio piloto en ámbito de la provincia de Huelva. REDIAM
Authors: Méndez E. , Valés J. J. , Pino I. , Granado L. , Montoya G. , Prieto R. , Carpintero I. R. , Giménez de Azcárate F. , Cáceres F. , Moreira J. M. , De la Fuente D. , Sebastián A. , Suárez J.
Published: February 2016

La biomasa es un recurso forestal de gran importancia en Andalucía. Por ejemplo, la aplicación WEB“ Biomasa Forestal en Andalucía” (Consejería de Medio Ambiente y Ordenación del Territorio, 2014) informa al usuario acerca de la ubicación y existencias de biomasa de las principales especies forestales de pino. No obstante, se trata de una información que demanda ser actualizada periódicamente, con rapidez, eficacia y a bajo coste, requisitos que podría cubrir la tecnología basada en Observación de la Tierra. En este artículo se presenta un estudio piloto donde se ha evaluado la tecnología radar, concretamente el sensor ALOS-PALSAR (Advanced Land Observing Satellite – Phased Array type L-band Synthetic Aperture Radar), para medir la biomasa forestal de dos montes públicos de Huelva en Junio de 2008 y de 2010. El objetivo ha sido desarrollar una metodología para la estimación de volúmenes maderables a partir de la correlación estadística de la señal radar con datos coetáneos de volumen maderable, variable extraída de planes de ordenación forestal. Como resultado, se han logrado correlaciones en torno a 0,8 y 0,7 en pino y eucalipto respectivamente. Para la obtención de biomasa a partir de los volúmenes estimados se han usado ecuaciones alométricas específicas para cada especie. Tres son las fuentes de información claves: una muestra de parcelas homogéneamente distribuidas, un modelo digital del terreno preciso y un mapa forestal actual. Por otro lado, se ha llevado a cabo el estudio de la variabilidad de volúmenes estimados entre las fechas mencionadas. La metodología obtenida podría extrapolarse a todo el territorio regional.
Role of methyl group number on SOA formation from monocyclic aromatic hydrocarbons photooxidation under low-NOx conditions
Authors: Li L. , Tang P. , Nakao S. , Chen C.-L. , Cocker III D. R.
Published: February 2016

Abstract. Substitution of methyl groups onto the aromatic ring determines the secondary organic aerosol (SOA) formation from the monocyclic aromatic hydrocarbon precursor (SOA yield and chemical composition). This study links the number of methyl groups on the aromatic ring to SOA formation from monocyclic aromatic hydrocarbons photooxidation under low-NOx conditions (HC/NO  >  10 ppbC : ppb). Monocyclic aromatic hydrocarbons with increasing numbers of methyl groups are systematically studied. SOA formation from pentamethylbenzene and hexamethylbenzene are reported for the first time. A decreasing SOA yield with increasing number of methyl groups is observed. Linear trends are found in both f44 vs. f43 and O / C vs. H / C for SOA from monocyclic aromatic hydrocarbons with zero to six methyl groups. An SOA oxidation state predictive method based on benzene is used to examine the effect of added methyl groups on aromatic oxidation under low-NOx conditions. Further, the impact of methyl group number on density and volatility of SOA from monocyclic aromatic hydrocarbons is explored. Finally, a mechanism for methyl group impact on SOA formation is suggested. Overall, this work suggests that, as more methyl groups are attached on the aromatic ring, SOA products from these monocyclic aromatic hydrocarbons become less oxidized per mass/carbon on the basis of SOA yield or chemical composition.
Inter-annual variability of surface ozone at coastal (Dumont d’Urville, 2004–2014) and inland (Concordia, 2007–2014) sites in East Antarctica
Authors: Legrand M. , Preunkert S. , Savarino J. , Frey M. M. , Kukui A. , Helmig D. , Jourdain B. , Jones A. , Weller R. , Brough N. , Gallée H.
Published: February 2016

Abstract. Surface ozone has been measured since 2004 at the coastal East Antarctic site of Dumont d'Urville (DDU) and since 2007 at the Concordia station located on the high East Antarctic plateau. This paper discusses long-term trends, seasonal and diurnal cycles, as well as inter-annual summer variability observed at these two East Antarctic sites. At Concordia, near surface ozone data were complemented by balloon soundings and compared to similar measurements done at the South Pole. The DDU record is compared to those obtained at the coastal site of Syowa also located in East Antarctica, as well as the coastal sites of Neumayer and Halley, both located at the coast of the Weddell Sea in West Antarctica. Surface ozone mixing ratios exhibit very similar seasonal cycle at Concordia and the South Pole. However, in summer the diurnal cycle and the vertical distribution of ozone above the snow surface are different at the two sites with a drop of ozone in the afternoon at Concordia and not at the South Pole, and a far well-mixed rich ozone layer within the lower 250 m at Concordia than at the South Pole during sunlight hours. These differences are related to different solar radiation and wind regimes encountered at these two inland sites. DDU appears to be the coastal site where the impact of the late winter/spring bromine chemistry is the weakest, but where the impact of NOx snow emissions from the high Antarctic plateau is the highest. The highest impact of the bromine chemistry is seen at Halley and Neumayer, and to a lesser extent at Syowa. These three sites are only weakly impacted by the NOx chemistry and the net ozone production occurring on the high Antarctic plateau. The differences in late winter/spring are attributed to the abundance of sea-ice offshore the sites whereas those in summer are related to the topography of East Antarctica that promotes the katabatic flow bringing oxidant-rich inland air masses to the site. There appears to be a decreasing trend in summer at the two East Antarctic sites of Concordia and DDU over the most recent period (2004/2007–2014). Further researches including continuing monitoring are needed at these two sites to better separate effect of synoptic transport from possible change of NOx snow emissions in response to change of the stratospheric ozone layer.
Technical Note: Semi-rigid chambers for methane gas flux measurements on tree stems
Authors: Siegenthaler Andy , Welch Bertie , Pangala Sunitha R. , Peacock Michael , Gauci Vincent
Published: February 2016

Abstract. There is increasing interest in the measurement of methane (CH4) emissions from tree stems in a wide range of ecosystems so as to determine how they contribute to the total ecosystem flux. To date, tree CH4 fluxes are commonly measured using rigid closed chambers (static or dynamic), which often pose challenges as these are bulky and limit measurement of CH4 fluxes to only a very narrow range of tree stem sizes and shapes. To overcome these challenges we aimed to design and test new semi-rigid stem-flux chambers (or sleeves). We compared the CH4 permeability of the new semi-rigid chambers with that of the traditional rigid chamber approach, in the laboratory and in the field, with continuous flow or syringe injections. We found that the semi-rigid chambers had reduced gas permeability and optimal stem gas exchange surface to total chamber volume ratio (Sc / Vtot) better headspace mixing, especially when connected in a dynamic mode to a continuous flow gas analyser. Semi-rigid sleeves can easily be constructed and transported in multiple sizes, are extremely light, cheap to build and fast to deploy. This makes them ideal for use in remote ecosystems where access logistics is complicated.
Accounting for dependencies in regionalized signatures for predictions in ungauged catchments
Authors: Almeida Susana , Le Vine Nataliya , McIntyre Neil , Wagener Thorsten , Buytaert Wouter
Published: February 2016

Abstract. A recurrent problem in hydrology is the absence of streamflow data to calibrate rainfall–runoff models. A commonly used approach in such circumstances conditions model parameters on regionalized response signatures. While several different signatures are often available to be included in this process, an outstanding challenge is the selection of signatures that provide useful and complementary information. Different signatures do not necessarily provide independent information and this has led to signatures being omitted or included on a subjective basis. This paper presents a method that accounts for the inter-signature error correlation structure so that regional information is neither neglected nor double-counted when multiple signatures are included. Using 84 catchments from the MOPEX database, observed signatures are regressed against physical and climatic catchment attributes. The derived relationships are then utilized to assess the joint probability distribution of the signature regionalization errors that is subsequently used in a Bayesian procedure to condition a rainfall–runoff model. The results show that the consideration of the inter-signature error structure may improve predictions when the error correlations are strong. However, other uncertainties such as model structure and observational error may outweigh the importance of these correlations. Further, these other uncertainties cause some signatures to appear repeatedly to be misinformative.
Evaluation of global fine-resolution precipitation products and their uncertainty quantification in ensemble discharge simulations
Authors: Qi W. , Zhang C. , Fu G. , Sweetapple C. , Zhou H.
Published: February 2016

Abstract. The applicability of six fine-resolution precipitation products, including precipitation radar, infrared, microwave and gauge-based products, using different precipitation computation recipes, is evaluated using statistical and hydrological methods in northeastern China. In addition, a framework quantifying uncertainty contributions of precipitation products, hydrological models, and their interactions to uncertainties in ensemble discharges is proposed. The investigated precipitation products are Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) products (TRMM3B42 and TRMM3B42RT), Global Land Data Assimilation System (GLDAS)/Noah, Asian Precipitation – Highly-Resolved Observational Data Integration Towards Evaluation of Water Resources (APHRODITE), Precipitation Estimation from Remotely Sensed Information using Artificial Neural Networks (PERSIANN), and a Global Satellite Mapping of Precipitation (GSMAP-MVK+) product. Two hydrological models of different complexities, i.e. a water and energy budget-based distributed hydrological model and a physically based semi-distributed hydrological model, are employed to investigate the influence of hydrological models on simulated discharges. Results show APHRODITE has high accuracy at a monthly scale compared with other products, and GSMAP-MVK+ shows huge advantage and is better than TRMM3B42 in relative bias (RB), Nash–Sutcliffe coefficient of efficiency (NSE), root mean square error (RMSE), correlation coefficient (CC), false alarm ratio, and critical success index. These findings could be very useful for validation, refinement, and future development of satellite-based products (e.g. NASA Global Precipitation Measurement). Although large uncertainty exists in heavy precipitation, hydrological models contribute most of the uncertainty in extreme discharges. Interactions between precipitation products and hydrological models can have the similar magnitude of contribution to discharge uncertainty as the hydrological models. A better precipitation product does not guarantee a better discharge simulation because of interactions. It is also found that a good discharge simulation depends on a good coalition of a hydrological model and a precipitation product, suggesting that, although the satellite-based precipitation products are not as accurate as the gauge-based products, they could have better performance in discharge simulations when appropriately combined with hydrological models. This information is revealed for the first time and very beneficial for precipitation product applications.
Portrayal of Mysteries in A Dream of Red Mansions
Authors: Geng Chunling
Published: February 2016

A Dream of Red Mansions, written in the mid-eighteenth century is widely acknowledged to be one of the greatest Chinese classical novels, which is full of mysteries not only about the book, but also about the author. Among many characters in A Dream of Red Mansions, Qin Keqing is the most mysterious. Some researchers claimed she was the key to all the mysteries in A Dream of Red Mansions and the huge secret hidden behind the book is attached to her. This article tries to explore and analyze these mysteries about Qin Keqing from many aspects.
Metafictional Dialogism in O. Henry’s Short Stories
Authors: Lee Chin Ching
Published: February 2016

According to Mikhail Bakhtin, language is ideologically saturated. The verbal constructs—novelistic discourses as “hybrid constructions” here—are loci where centripetal and centrifugal forces collide. Authorial speech, narrator’s speech, and also characters’ speech are interwoven in the text to exhibit diverse ideas, and to disclose polyphonic textualities. In light of Bakhtin’s aforementioned idea, this paper will discuss O. Henry’s attempts to orchestrate “the voices of the city” in four short stories: “The Gift of the Magi,” “An Unfinished Story,”, “Mammon and the Archer,” and “An Unfinished Christmas Story.” New York is portrayed as an ambivalent setting of prosperity and poverty, of dreams built up and broken. Literary devices such as twist endings, parodic adaptations and incorporated genre not only lay bare the textual fictitiousness, but question the permanency of social systems such as capitalism. In addition, the narrators’ descriptions evoke concerns for the exploited within the text, while the self-reflexive authorial intrusions make comments on the hegemonic capitalism with-out. O. Henry, who “speaks through language,” does succeed in creating texts of heteroglossia. Humanistic compassion for the exploited proletarian and social censure against capitalist violence are both displayed.
Revolutionary Poetic Voices of Victorian Period: A Comparative Study between Elizabeth Barrette Browning and Christina Rossetti
Authors: Farhana Jannatul
Published: February 2016

This article is an attempt to provide a comparative study between Elizabeth Barrette Browning and Christina Rossetti, two famous authors in the Victorian period. As the first female poet Browning throws a challenge by dismantling and mingling the form of epic and novel in her famous creation Aurora Leigh. This epic structurally and thematically offers a new form that questions the contemporary prejudices about women. Being influenced and inspired by Browning, Rossetti shows her mastery on sonnets in Monna Innominata: A Sonnet of Sonnets. Diversity in the themes of her poem allows Rossetti to demonstrate her intellect and independent thinking, which represents the cultural dilemma of Victorian women. Though Browning is addressed as the ‘first female poet’ and the pioneer of revolutionary female poets, her Aurora Leigh recognizes and celebrates the success of a female poet in that period but at the same time acknowledges the importance of traditional romance as well as marriage union at the end of the poem. On the other hand, in Mona Innominata, Rossetti mingles the traditional idea of romance with High Anglican belief to establish and uphold the position of women in the society as an individual and self sufficient one. She is the first poet in Victorian period who boldly denies the dominance of men in a woman’s life by celebrating sisterhood in her another famous work Goblin Market. Though Browning and Rossetti belong to the same period, Rossetti is quite advanced than Browning in terms of experimenting with forms, themes and breaking the conventions of Victorian era.
Physical Activity Status and Related Factors among Middle-Aged Women in West of Iran, Hamadan: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Emdadi Shohreh , Hazavehei Seyed Mohammad Mehdi , Soltanian Alireza , Bashirian Saeed , Moghadam Rashid Heidari
Published: February 2016

Physical inactivity is a major health problem in developing countries. Regular Physical Activity (RPA) can reduce the risk of many diseases such as cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and obesity that are prevalent in middle and old ages specifically in women. The (RPA) status among middle-aged Iranian women is not well known. The purpose of this study was to investigate the physical activity status and related factors among middle-aged women in Hamadan, a city in western Iran. The participants of this cross-sectional study were comprised of 866 middle-aged women in Hamadan who were selected using a proportional stratified random sampling method in 2015. The participants completed a self-administered questionnaire containing demographic characteristics and an International Physical Activity Questionnaire-Short Form (IPAQ-S).The data were analyzed with SPSS-16 software using Multi- nominal Logistic Regression. The results revealed that about 57% of the study population was inactive or not sufficiently active (light level). Additionally, the results showed that less than a quarter of the study participants (19.3%) exhibited a severe level of physical activity. The associations between RPA and age, education level and job were significant (P<0.05). The chi-square test revealed a significant difference in RPA with regards to residency locations (P<0.05). The demographic variables relationship with physical activity appears to be important and these findings can be a prelude to design of effective intervention strategies in promoting physical activity.
Investigation of Parasitic Contaminations of Vegetables Sold in Markets in the City of Tabriz in 2014
Authors: Balarak Davoud , Ebrahimi Masomeh , Modrek Mohammad Jafari , Bazrafshan Edris , Mahvi Amir Hossein , Mahdavi Yousef
Published: February 2016

Parasitic diseases are among the most common problems in developing countries. Various parasitic forms such as cysts, larvae and eggs of the parasite are transmitted orally through the consumption of vegetables. So, the aim of this study was to evaluate parasitic contamination of fresh vegetables consumed in the city of Tabriz. This cross-sectional study was conducted for 3 months in 2014 in Tabriz. In this study, 1620 samples from 10 kinds of vegetables (leeks, basil, mint, chives, radishes, parsley, lettuce, watercress, tarragon and coriander) were collected from 54 vegetable shops. After the washing process, centrifugation, sediment preparation and staining, each sample was examined for parasitic contamination. The parasitic infection was observed in 316 (19.5%) which 141 samples (8.7%) was related to metazoan and 175 samples (10.8%) was related to protozoan. the highest contamination was observed in leeks and the lowest in radish. Most parasitic contaminations were related to Ascaris eggs and E. coli cyst and the lowest parasitic contaminations were related to Heterophyes eggs. It can be concluded that vegetables sold in Tabriz are potential sources of human contamination with parasites. It is suggested that the use of fertilizers of human source in agriculture should be avoided.
Comparing Laser and Scalpel for Soft Tissue Crown Lengthening: A Clinical Study
Authors: Farista Sana , Kalakonda Butchibabu , Koppolu Pradeep , Baroudi Kusai , Elkhatat Esam , Dhaifullah Essam
Published: February 2016

Crown lengthening procedure is aimed at exposure of sufficient crown structure accomplished by a gingivectomy, an apically positioned flap with osseous resection or the use of lasers. Our present clinical study is aimed to assess the clinical effectiveness of a diode laser for functional crown lengthening procedure and to compare it with the conventional procedure using the scalpel. Fourteen patients including males and females, aged 20- 40 years were recruited and divided into two groups to undergo crown lengthening either with the scalpel or the laser. The data obtained was analyzed for intergroup comparison with an Unpaired t-test and intragroup comparison was determined by ANOVA.

Analysis of the intergroup results for pain showcased that there was a significant difference (P<0.002) in VAS scores of pain on the 3rd day as well as on the 7th day (P<0.044), with patients in the laser group displaying significantly lower VAS scores compared to the scalpel group, but when both the groups were compared on the 10th day, there was no significance (P<0.14).

Intergroup comparison of the mean VAS scores for discomfort observed on the 3rd, 7th and the 10th day of the study suggested that there was a significant difference of the VAS scores of discomfort on the 3rd and the7thdays, with the patients in the laser group displaying significantly lower VAS scores for discomfort compared with the scalpel.

Observations from the study emphasize that laser can be a safe and effective alternative to traditional crown lengthening performed with the scalpel.
Reviewer Acknowledgements for Higher Education Studies, Vol. 6, No. 1
Authors: Lin Sherry
Published: February 2016

Reviewer Acknowledgements for Higher Education

Studies, Vol. 6, No. 1, 2016
Sustainable Evolution for Global Business: A Synthetic Review of the Literature
Authors: Chang S. J.
Published: February 2016

This paper reviews the recent literature on business sustainability. While it is almost impossible to give a universally agreeable definition of “sustainability” due to its scope, depth, and inclusive nature, this paper reviews a fairly large set of research efforts, both empirical and normative, that examine the sustainability issue in regards to the theoretical development, the interface between business and society, the interrelationships among firms, markets, and the public interest, sustainability measurement and assessment, as well as the changes, developments, and evolution in recent years along those lines. The uniqueness of the study is to review the literature by following the developmental and evolutionary sequences in business sustainability in order to shed light on how the concept of corporate sustainability has evolved from the traditional shareholders-focused neoclassical view and how it is advanced from the ideas of environmentalism, stakeholder theory, and CSR.
Business Sustainability in Bangladesh: An Analysis of Economic Sustainability in Ready-made Garments Industries
Authors: Akter Rahima
Published: February 2016

Sustainable business practices are long cherished system that business organizations are expected to exercise to sustain their businesses. The Ready-made Garments industries (RMG) in Bangladesh are now facing this crucial question to adopt a sustainable system in operating their businesses. The more the industry experiences rapid growth, the higher the demand for the implementation of sustainability. Though the experienced and old garments are seen quite well in maintaining this sustainability, the newly established RMG factories are blamed for not having sustainable business procedure, especially economic sustainability which relates to labor standards and labor rights. Despite continuous tremendous pressure from government and international communities, these new establishments often emphasize on profit maximization rather good labor practices. This article examines the business sustainability issues on economy aspects in new generation RMG factories in Bangladesh. This economic sustainability includes the functional strategies regulating the human resources, labor rights and labor conditions of a factory. To study these issues, this research follows the mixed-method research approaches to get better findings of the sampled factories. The study is based on findings of factory level investigation and analysis of in-depth semi structured interviews and focus group discussions (FGD). The results of factory visits show that most of the investigated factories are lack of implementation of economic sustainability. The findings from interviews and FGD revealed underlying causes of this lack of implementation.
China’s Dairy Import Industry: An Economic Analysis of Influencing Trade Factors
Authors: Zhang Richard , Roberts John
Published: February 2016

One of the most dependable trends in a country’s transformation from an undeveloped, to developing, and to developed country is a growing demand for dairy products and milk. As China has undergone an unprecedented transformation over the last few decades since Deng Xiaoping’s Open Door Policy, China has followed this trend of an increasing demand for dairy products. As with other industries in mainland China, the domestic dairy industry is progressing at an incredibly fast rate. Yet at the same time when China is building its own industry to meet the growing demand, trade liberalization by joining the World Trade Organization has brought intense competition from foreign milk producers such as New Zealand, Australia, and the United States. This thesis examines the factors that influence various facets of the Chinese dairy industry, including import and export trade, consumer demand, and domestic and international competition. In addition to a deep background assessment of the Chinese dairy industry and market, a Constant Market Share econometric model is utilized to assess the varying levels of influence that different factors have on the industry by using three different time periods as a model of assessment for the whole industry.
Reviewer Acknowledgements for Journal of Management and Sustainability, Vol. 6, No. 1
Authors: Xiao Maple
Published: February 2016

Reviewer Acknowledgements for Journal of Management and Sustainability, Vol. 6, No. 1, 2016.
Reviewer Acknowledgements for Review of European Studies, Vol. 8, No. 1
Authors: Dou Paige
Published: February 2016

Reviewer Acknowledgements for Review of European

Studies, Vol. 8, No. 1, 2016
Biodiversity of freshwater autotrophs in selected wet places in northern coastal ecosystems of James Ross Island
Authors: Skácelová Kateřina , Hrbáček Filip , Chattová Barbora , Láska Kamil , Barták Miloš
Published: February 2016

Freshwater algae and cyanobacteria, their biodiversity in particular, have been studied at the James Ross Island (Antarctica) since 2004. The main aim of presented study was to contribute to species list of a particular seepage that has been monitored repeatedly on the northern deglaciated part of the Island. The seepage is located on north-facing slopes of Berry Hill and supplied by melt water from annual snow depositions and frozen ground. Microclimate conditions have been monitored by an automatic weather station since 2012. For the purpose of this study, samples of microbiological mats were collected from bottom of three streams passing through the seepage dominated by several moss species. Algal and cyanobacterial taxa were determined according to morphological characteristics. Species richness differences between sampling sites were found and evaluated. Dominating taxa differed between sampling sites as well. The species reported in our study were compared with existing literature sources related to James Ross Island. Altogether, 44 algal and cyanobacterial taxa were found. Biodiversity of the seepage is discussed and related to microclimate characteristics of the site.
Vegetation mapping of moss-dominated areas of northern part of James Ross Island (Antarctica) and a suggestion of protective measures
Authors: Barták Miloš , Váczi Peter , Stachoň Zdeněk , Kubešová Svatava
Published: February 2016

James Ross Island is a large (2500 km) island situated in the north-western part of the Weddell Sea, close to the northern tip of the Antarctic Peninsula. The island is rich in vegetation oases, i.e. areas covered by autotrophic organisms comprising a great variety of terrestrial algae, cyanobacteria, lichens and mosses. In this study, a GPS method was used to measure moss-dominated vegetation areas located at northern part of James Ross Island. Several small-scale (above 400 m2) areas were selected for the measurements of their shape, total area, boarder line, mean slope, and exposition as well as biodiversity of mosses. The areas of interest were located particularly in neighbourhood of the Big and Small Lachman lakes and northern slopes of Berry Hill mesa. Typically, the moss-dominated areas were supplied with melt water from neighbouring snow fields formed in previous austral winter season. Specimens of mosses were collected from each site so that dominating species forming community structure could be evaluated. Individual areas differed in species richness, however, Bryum pseudotriquetrum and Hypnum revolutum dominated most of them. Sanionia uncinata was found at the only one of the investigated areas and might be considered as rare species for James Ross Island. In the paper, shape location and area of moss-dominated spots at James Ross Island is reported and discussed in relation to morphological characteristics of particular sites as well as water availability during austral summer season. Potential of the data for geographical information systems (GIS), further application of unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) in vegetation mapping, and spectral reflectance parameters measurements of Antarctic moss-dominated areas are discussed. For particular areas, protective measures are suggested to minimize human disturbance of the sites and provide a platform for a long-term study of biodiversity.
Grønlandsk og globalt guld. Grundstoffer i antropologisk analyse
Authors: Brichet Nathalia
Published: February 2016

Med udgangspunkt i et feltarbejde i en guldmine i Grønland undersøger jeg i denne artikel, hvordan grønlandsk guld bliver gravet såvel som analyseret frem som en bestemt råvare. Ambitionen er at udforske, hvordan guldet i den grønlandske mine kommer til syne som mere end et irreducibelt grundstof, nemlig som et produkt sammensat af et væld af uforudsigelige og heterogene møder mellem sprængstof, minearbejdere fra hele verden, uvejsom natur, internationale guldpriser, nedslidt mineudstyr, arbejdsmiljø blandt meget andet. Ved at stille skarpt på, hvordan disse møder genererer både stedet og guldet og deres indbyrdes relation på særlige måder, viser artiklen, hvordan en langt rejsende råvare som guld ikke er en given og selvberoende enhed – et rent grundstof – men en sammensat ressource, der både kan skabe og udviske specifikke lokaliteter og
 globale forbindelser.
Tilsynekomsten af den engelske Assam-te
Authors: Andersen Michael
Published: February 2016

Med udgangspunkt i en kulturhistorisk undersøgelse af britisk te-produktion i Assam i det 19. århundrede, behandler denne artikel omstændighederne omkring Assam-tebuskens tilsynekomst og klassifikation som tebusk.
I kakaoens grænseland
Authors: Nicolaisen Martin Arvad
Published: February 2016

I denne artikel ser jeg på, hvordan råvaren kakao og dens produktion skaber forbindelser mellem mennesker og udgør en på én gang klart afgrænset og flydende ressource.  Artiklen er baseret på et nyligt gennemført etnografisk feltarbejde og tager udgangspunkt i et enkelt landsbysamfund ved navn Topman i grænselandet mellem Ghana og Elfenbenskysten, en egn hvor kakao er en afgørende afgrøde. Jeg vil argumentere for, at kakao i dette grænseland kan analyseres som en særlig og sammensat betydningsskabende relation snarere end som et fast defineret naturprodukt.
Comprendre et apprendre le soin à travers les séries télévisées, en France et au Liban
Authors: Nagels Marc , Nagels Rose
Published: February 2016

Si les séries télévisées ne poursuivent pas explicitement un but d’apprentissage, mais de divertissement, nombre d’informations sur les soins sont toutefois mises en scène. Il en est ainsi des séries françaises ou américaines exposant des médecins ou des paramédicaux et qui ont pu enregistrer des records d’audience. Les spectateurs cherchent à comprendre l’activité de soin dans les situations dramatiques. Ils sont d’autant plus curieux et susceptibles de prendre l’activité de l’infirmière en tant que modèle vicariant qu’ils se destinent à une carrière médicale ou paramédicale. Quels comportements retiennent l’attention des spectateurs ? Quels raisonnements déduisent-ils de ces comportements ? Ces représentations du soin et du métier, acquises par exposition aux séries télévisées, sont-elles ensuite modifiées par la formation paramédicale ?
Catch me if you can
Authors: Bourdonnay Emilie , Henry Thomas
Published: February 2016

Direct contact between host cells allows some bacteria to spread within the body without being attacked by the immune system.
Phosphorus Partitioning in a Storm Water Pond
Authors: Cahoon Lawrence B. , Boller Michael A. , de Labry Marc O. , Kosh Chandler A. , McDowell Matthew D. , Nixon Jessica E. , Taylor Robin L. , Wilson Rebecca J.
Published: February 2016

Storm water ponds are commonly employed to trap sediments, nutrients and other pollutants in non-point runoff. Aquatic macrophytes are thought to offer enhanced nutrient control via nutrient uptake and other processes. This study sampled and compared the phosphorus contents of water, sediment, and a dominant macrophyte, Stuckenia pectinata (Sago Pond Weed), in a storm water detention pond in the fall of 2013 and 2014. Phosphorus concentrations [ug P (g material)−1] were much higher in macrophyte tissues than in sediment and water, but the areal amounts of phosphorus (mg P m−2) bound in these three forms were ranked differently: sediment>>water>macrophyte, with macrophyte-bound P accounting for only <1–2% of total P in this pond. Macrophyte management may, therefore, have only marginal effectiveness in nutrient control by storm water detention ponds, although macrophytes support a variety of other ecosystem services.