bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Radiotherapy Is Associated with an Accelerated Risk of Carotid Atherosclerosis in Patients with Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma: A Nine-Year Prospective Follow-Up Study
Authors: Lu Cheng-Hsien , Lai Yun-Ru , Fang Fu-Min , Tan Teng-Yeow , Chiu Wen-Chan , Hsieh Dong-Yi , Huang Chih-Cheng , Lien Chia-Yi , Cheng Ben-Chung , Chien Chih-Yen , Huang Tai-Lin , Kung Chia-Te
Published: February 2022

Radiation-related extracranial vasculopathy is a common late effect after radiation in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). We proposed the hypothesis that radiation-related extracranial vasculopathy is a progressive process that can begin immediately after radiotherapy and persist for a longer period, and inflammation and oxidative stress may play a pivotal role in this process. Thirty-six newly diagnosed NPC patients were assessed with B-mode ultrasound for the common carotid artery (CCA) intima media thickness (IMT) measurement as well as surrogate markers at three different stages (baseline, immediately after concurrent chemoradiation therapy (CCRT), and 9 years after enrollment). A healthy control group was also recruited for comparison. Surrogate markers including a lipid profile, HbA1c, inflammation, oxidative stress, and platelet activation markers were assessed. The mean CCA IMT in the NPC group were increased immediately after CCRT (p = 0.043). The mean CCA IMT value after a 9-year follow-up also showed a significant increase in NPC and control group, respectively (p < 0.0001 and p < 0.0001, paired t test). The annual increase mean CCA IMT (mm) was 0.053 ± 0.025 and 0.014 ± 0.013 in NPC and control group, respectively (p < 0.0001). The baseline high sensitivity CRP (hs-CRP), thiol, TBARS, and CD63 level were significantly higher in the NPC group (hs-CRP, p = 0.001, thiol, p < 0.0001, TBARS, p = 0.05, and CD63 level, p = 0.04). The thiol and TBARS levels were significantly lower in NPC patients immediately after CCRT (thiol, p < 0.0001, and TBARS, p = 0.043). The CD62P level was significantly higher while the thiol level was significantly lower in the NPC group after a 9-year follow-up (CD62P level, p = 0.007; and thiol level, p = 0.004). Radiation-related extracranial vasculopathy is a progressive process that begins immediately after radiotherapy with significantly increased carotid IMT compared to the control group during the 9-year follow-up. Chronic inflammation and oxidative stress might serve to drive the process and also contribute to increased platelet activation.
The BRCA Gene in Epithelial Ovarian Cancer
Authors: Sánchez-Lorenzo Luisa , Salas-Benito Diego , Villamayor Julia , Patiño-García Ana , González-Martín Antonio
Published: February 2022

Epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) is still the most lethal gynecological cancer. Germline alterations in breast cancer 1 (gBRCA1) and breast cancer 2 (gBRCA2) genes have been identified in up to 18% of women diagnosed with EOC, and somatic mutations are found in an additional 7%. Testing of BRCA at the primary diagnosis of patients with EOC is recommended due to the implications in the genomic counseling of the patients and their families, as well as for the therapeutic implications. Indeed, the introduction of poly-(ADP ribose) polymerase inhibitors (PARPis) has changed the natural history of patients harboring a mutation in BRCA, and has resulted in a new era in the treatment of patients with ovarian cancer harboring a BRCA mutation.
Stromal Characteristics and Impact on New Therapies for Metastatic Triple-Negative Breast Cancer
Authors: Fertal Shelby A. , Poterala Johanna E. , Ponik Suzanne M. , Wisinski Kari B.
Published: February 2022

The heterogenous nature of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is an underlying factor in therapy resistance, metastasis, and overall poor patient outcome. The lack of hormone and growth factor receptors lends to the use of chemotherapy as the first-line treatment for TNBC. However, the failure of chemotherapy demonstrates the need to develop novel immunotherapies, antibody–drug conjugates (ADCs), and other tumor- and stromal-targeted therapeutics for TNBC patients. The potential for stromal-targeted therapy is driven by studies indicating that the interactions between tumor cells and the stromal extracellular matrix (ECM) activate mechanisms of therapy resistance. Here, we will review recent outcomes from clinical trials targeting metastatic TNBC with immunotherapies aimed at programed death ligand–receptor interactions, and ADCs specifically linked to trophoblast cell surface antigen 2 (Trop-2). We will discuss how biophysical and biochemical cues from the ECM regulate the pathophysiology of tumor and stromal cells toward a pro-tumor immune environment, therapy resistance, and poor TNBC patient outcome. Moreover, we will highlight how ECM-mediated resistance is motivating the development of new stromal-targeted therapeutics with potential to improve therapy for this disease.
Emerging CAR T Cell Strategies for the Treatment of AML
Authors: Vishwasrao Paresh , Li Gongbo , Boucher Justin C. , Smith D. Lynne , Hui Susanta K.
Published: February 2022

Engineered T cells expressing chimeric antigen receptors (CARs) on their cell surface can redirect antigen specificity. This ability makes CARs one of the most promising cancer therapeutic agents. CAR-T cells for treating patients with B cell hematological malignancies have shown impressive results. Clinical manifestation has yielded several trials, so far five CAR-T cell therapies have received US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approval. However, emerging clinical data and recent findings have identified some immune-related toxicities due to CAR-T cell therapy. Given the outcome and utilization of the same proof of concept, further investigation in other hematological malignancies, such as leukemias, is warranted. This review discusses the previous findings from the pre-clinical and human experience with CAR-T cell therapy. Additionally, we describe recent developments of novel targets for adoptive immunotherapy. Here we present some of the early findings from the pre-clinical studies of CAR-T cell modification through advances in genetic engineering, gene editing, cellular programming, and formats of synthetic biology, along with the ongoing efforts to restore the function of exhausted CAR-T cells through epigenetic remodeling. We aim to shed light on the new targets focusing on acute myeloid leukemia (AML).
Kinetics of Strontium Carbonate Formation on a Ce-Doped SrFeO3 Perovskite
Authors: Østergaard Martin B. , Strunck Azeem B. , Boffa Vittorio , Jørgensen Mads K.
Published: February 2022

Some perovskites exhibit catalytic activity in the abatement of organic pollutants in water. However, their performance decreases over time, possibly due to forms of poisoning, such as carbonate formation. Here, we present the kinetics of carbonate formation on a Ce-doped SrFeO3 perovskite with formula Sr0.85Ce0.15FeO3−δ (SCF), which can act as a thermocatalyst for the degradation of organic pollutants. The carbonate formation was studied in air, in deionized water, and during degradation of bisphenol A. The formation of SrCO3 occurred for perovskites in aqueous environments, i.e., when dispersed in water or used as catalysts in the degradation of bisphenol A, while no SrCO3 was detected for samples stored in air for up to 195 days. SrCO3 formation was detected using both XRD and ATR-FT-IR, and from the XRD, the crystallite size was found to decrease when carbonates formed. The samples containing SrCO3 showed an increasing mass loss at >610 °C with increasing time used as catalysts or dispersed in water, showing that SCF reduces its own efficiency during catalytic use. The kinetics of carbonate formation based on the TGA measurements showed that SrCO3 forms approximately three times faster during the degradation of organic compounds in water compared to SCF dispersed in water. The formation of SrCO3 in SCF is thermally reversible; thus, the catalyst can resume its activity after heat treatment at 900 °C for 1 h.
Impacts of Anthropogenic Disturbances on Diatom Diversity in a Shallow Spring-Fed Pool
Authors: Wang Liang-Chi , Li Hong-Chun , Shiau Liang-Jian
Published: February 2022

Human impacts cause significant problems for shallow lakes in the karst regions of South China. In recent years, the ecological issues related to managing and restoring these critical aquatic ecosystems have come to the fore. Lingshui Pool (LSP) is one of the most-studied spring-fed lake ecosystems in south China, and it has well-preserved chronological profiles. The LSP was a very shallow lake before dam construction in 1962. Due to the dam’s construction, rapid development and urbanization, this important freshwater ecosystem has suffered severe eutrophication and environmental degradation. In order to determine the environmental effects of recent anthropogenic disturbances and establish conservation recommendations for this lake ecosystem, we analyzed diatoms and weak-acid leachable elements from a well-dated sediment core from LSP to reconstruct the changes in aquatic conditions and diatom diversity during the period AD 1960–2013. This revealed shifts in diatom assemblages, diversity, and geochemistry that were strongly linked to the construction of a dam in 1962 and rapid eutrophication after 1990. Diatom diversity was stable and relatively high when submerged macrophytes were present between 1962 and 1990. Thus, the reintroduction of endemic macrophytes could benefit the ecological stability and diversity of this shallow lake.
Seagrass Invertebrate Fisheries, Their Value Chains and the Role of LMMAs in Sustainability of the Coastal Communities—Case of Southern Mozambique
Authors: Chitará-Nhandimo Sádia , Chissico Assucena , Mubai Marlino Eugénio , Cabral António de Sacramento , Guissamulo Almeida , Bandeira Salomão
Published: February 2022

Invertebrate gleaning within seagrass meadows is a common activity across eastern African communities that depend on fisheries for their livelihoods. Based on a case study of two contrasting sites, Maputo Bay (MB) and Inhambane Bay (IB), this study documents, both qualitatively and quantitatively, the gleaning activity, its value chain and stakeholders, paying particular attention to the recently created Locally Managed Marine Areas (LMMAs) within IB, boasting creativity in seagrass invertebrate fishery management. Twenty-four common edible species were identified for MB, and 15 for IB; nearly all gleaners were women and children. Our estimates indicate that about 7.7 and 7.6 tons of invertebrates are collected in the peak catch weeks (spring low tides) in MB and IB, respectively. Resources are caught and sold at local markets, food fairs (for IB only), and restaurants, as well as for direct household consumption. One thousand one hundred and seventy two (1172) hectares of LMMAs (corresponding to nearly 0.05 of IB) of fisheries management, together with existing community and other stakeholder engagement and intervention on value chains, are at the center of tangible invertebrate fishery management.
Relative Impact of Climate Change and Grazing on NDVI Changes in Grassland in the Mt. Qomolangma Nature Reserve and Adjacent Regions during 2000–2018
Authors: Zhao Wanglin , Luo Tianxiang , Wei Haijuan , Alamu  , Zhang Lin
Published: February 2022

As the roof of the world, the Mt. Qomolangma National Nature Reserve and adjacent regions have a fragile environment and are very sensitive to global climate change. Based on the MODIS and SPOT remote sensing data during 2000–2018, we aimed to explore the change trend and driving factors of grassland in this area under the dual influence of climate change and human activities. Here, temperature and precipitation data were enrolled as the main indicators of climate change, while the number of livestock at the end of the year was regarded as the key indicator of grazing. The results showed that: (1) during 2000–2018, the grassland NDVI reflected an overall increasing trend, and the impact of precipitation was more significant than those of temperature and grazing at both pixel and county levels; (2) probably due to the large population and high grazing intensity, the grassland NDVI in Tingri County was controlled by both precipitation and grazing. In general, precipitation exerts a greater impact on the NDVI changes since this region is characterized by arid and semiarid climates. In some areas, vegetation growth is simultaneously affected by both grazing and climate factors due to the relatively greater pressure of grazing. In the context of future warming, control of the number of tourists for Mt. Qomolangma, as well as that of livestock in Tingri County, will help improve sustainability development and to reduce the adverse effects of grassland degradation.
Molecular Relationships and Genetic Diversity Analysis of Venetian Radicchio (Leaf Chicory, Cichorium intybus subsp. intybus var. sylvestre, 2n = 2x = 18) Biotypes
Authors: Basso Andrea , Scariolo Francesco , Negrisolo Enrico , Lucchin Margherita , Barcaccia Gianni
Published: February 2022

Chicory (Cichorium intybus L., 2n = 2x = 18) is naturalized and grows wild in many parts of Europe, South and Central Asia and N. Africa; moreover, this plant is an important leafy vegetable cultivated worldwide. In Italy, this horticultural crop is known as radicchio, and different biotypes of this crop are cultivated, especially in the north-eastern part of the Italian Peninsula. Known to be introduced in and cultivated since the 17th century in the Venice area, the original biotype, still cultivated and named “Late Red of Treviso”, differentiated over the centuries, and it was also hybridized with endive (C. endivia), giving origin to many other biotypes. Several studies, based on morphological characterizations and historical reports, describe the relationships between the most popular cultivated local varieties of this species, but this work, focused on the use of molecular marker information obtained through DNA fingerprinting, presents validations and new insights into the genetic relatedness and diversity of these biotypes. By means of random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) and amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) molecular markers, this study provides insights into the genetic relationship that intercourses among the five most important local biotypes historically cultivated in the Veneto region, which is also the geographic centre of differentiation of this cultivated leafy vegetable. Through the construction of a maximum-likelihood dendrogram and the reconstruction of the genetic structure of a core collection, consisting of 652 samples belonging to five biotypes of radicchio divided into 22 old farmer populations, original data on their genetic origin, distinctiveness, relatedness and differentiation are reported and discussed.
Measurement of the Depth of Lesions on Proximal Surfaces with SWIR Multispectral Transillumination and Reflectance Imaging
Authors: Zhu Yihua , Fried Daniel
Published: February 2022

The aim of this study was to compare the diagnostic performance of dual short-wavelength infrared (SWIR) transillumination and reflectance multispectral imaging devices for imaging interproximal lesions with radiography using extracted teeth that had been imaged with micro-computed tomography (microCT). Thirty-six extracted teeth with 67 lesions on the proximal surfaces were imaged using a newly fabricated SWIR multispectral proximal transillumination and reflectance imaging device along with an existing SWIR multispectral occlusal transillumination and reflectance device. The ability of SWIR imaging and radiography to detect lesions and accurately assess lesion dimensions were compared using microCT as a standard. Occlusal and proximal transillumination and occlusal reflectance performed best for imaging interproximal lesions while proximal reflectance was not useful for imaging interproximal lesions from tooth buccal and lingual surfaces. There was high correlation of the lesion dimensions measured in occlusal and proximal transillumination images compared to microCT and moderate correlation in occlusal reflectance images. The correlation between the lesion depth measured in radiographs and the lesion depth measured with microCT was not significant. This study demonstrates that SWIR occlusal and proximal transillumination and SWIR occlusal reflectance images are useful for imaging interproximal lesions and they provide more accurate measurements of lesion severity.
Local and Metastatic Relapses in a Young Woman with Papillary Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Uterine Cervix
Authors: Woo Ha Young , Kim Hyun-Soo
Published: February 2022

Papillary squamous cell carcinoma (PSCC) is a rare histological type of cervical carcinoma whose biological behavior has not been fully established. A 33-year-old woman with an exophytic cervical mass underwent radical hysterectomy and bilateral pelvic lymph node dissection. Histological examination of the tumor revealed numerous papillary fronds lined by atypical stratified squamous cells, resembling high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions or urothelium. She was diagnosed with stage IB1 PSCC. Three months postoperatively, a 5.7 cm vaginal stump mass was detected. She received chemoradiotherapy, which helped her achieve a complete response. However, nine months postoperatively, she developed pelvic lymph node metastases. We present a rare case of recurrent cervical PSCC in a young woman. PSCC of the uterine cervix can recur rapidly within just a few months and become aggressive, as in the present case.
Fear, Isolation, and Invisibility during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Qualitative Study of Adults with Physical Disabilities in Marginalized Communities in Southeastern Michigan in the United States
Authors: Reber Lisa , Kreschmer Jodi M. , DeShong Gina L. , Meade Michelle A.
Published: February 2022

This study examines the initial impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on adults with physical disabilities from marginalized communities in southeastern Michigan, one of the early pandemic epicenters in the United States. A purposeful sample of fifteen adults with moderate to severe physical disabilities were recruited, taking part in individual remote semi-structured qualitative interviews, which were recorded, transcribed, and coded for emergent themes using a thematic approach to coding and analysis. Three interrelated, overarching themes emerged: fear, feelings of isolation, and a sense of being invisible. These were identified in the contexts of health and healthcare, home care assistance, and access to resources. The findings help illuminate the experiences of those from socioeconomically and racially marginalized communities, populations that are often “always already” vulnerable. Participant narratives made visible the negative impact of the pandemic on physical and mental health as well as the lack of accommodations available. They showed that participants were faced with a dilemma between engaging in risky behavior to have their needs met or avoiding risk and not have those needs met. This knowledge can expand awareness and appreciation of how social, economic, and political systems impact adults with physical disabilities in lower-income and racially diverse communities and provide guidance in designing future clinical and emergency response policies.
Reachability-Based False Data Injection Attacks and Defence Mechanisms for Cyberpower System
Authors: Liu Ren , Mustafa Hussain M. , Nie Zhijie , Srivastava Anurag K.
Published: February 2022

With the push for higher efficiency and reliability, an increasing number of intelligent electronic devices (IEDs) and associated information and communication technology (ICT) are integrated into the Internet of Things (IoT)-enabled smart grid. These advanced technologies and IEDs also bring potential vulnerabilities to the intelligent cyber–physical smart grid. State estimation, as a primary step of system monitoring and situational awareness, is a potential target for attackers. A number of other smart grid applications, such as voltage stability assessment and contingency screening, utilize state estimation results as input data. False data injection (FDI) is a specific way to attack state estimation by manipulating input data. Existing research mainly focuses on the mathematical analysis of FDI attacks; however, in these methods, discussions of reachability requirements to compromise measurements considering cyberinfrastructure are limited. Reachability is defined as a measure that estimates the number of hosts to compromise for the possible FDI. Most of the existing FDI attack methods require the simultaneous manipulation on multiple measurement devices in different substations, in order to bypass the bad data detection, which may be impractical. In this paper, a new type of reachability-based FDI attack considering the cybernetwork with a practical attack is proposed and validated on two IEEE test systems. The corresponding defence mechanisms are (a) decentralized state estimation (DSE), (b) DSE with additional backup computational nodes, (c) communication network rerouting, and (d) intrusion detection system, and they were developed and presented with validation for two IEEE test systems with superior performance for an IoT-enabled intelligent smart grid system.
Techno-Environmental Evaluation of a Liquefied Natural Gas-Fuelled Combined Gas Turbine with Steam Cycles for Large Container Ship Propulsion Systems
Authors: Alzayedi Abdulaziz M. T. , Sampath Suresh , Pilidis Pericles
Published: February 2022

Restrictions on emissions are being imposed by regional and international shipping organisations, which raise the question of which marine fuel and technology can most effectively replace heavy fuel oil and diesel engines. The aim of this study is to find appropriate advanced combined gas and steam turbine cycles for marine propulsion systems in a large container ship with respect to the evolving maritime environmental regulations. The selection criteria are the thermodynamic performance, emissions, size, and weight of advanced combined gas and steam turbine cycles in a large container ship. Two baselines are used: a diesel engine using marine diesel oil and a combined gas and steam turbine system using liquefied natural gas and marine diesel oil. Then, liquefied natural gas cycles are examined based on fuel replacement and enhanced to assess the benefits of liquefied natural gas over marine diesel oil. The results show that the enhanced liquefied natural gas combined gas and steam turbine cycles are the most efficient, at up to 1.6% higher than the other cycles. Regarding the size and weight, the combined gas and steam turbine propulsion system is approximately 24.7% lighter than the original diesel engine propulsion system.
Natural Regeneration of Maritime Pine: A Review of the Influencing Factors and Proposals for Management
Authors: Ribeiro Stéphanie , Cerveira Adelaide , Soares Paula , Fonseca Teresa
Published: February 2022

The main objective of the present work was to review the current knowledge about the factors that influence the different phases of the natural regeneration of maritime pine (Pinus pinaster Aiton) and propose scientifically based management schedules. The review focused on the natural regeneration of maritime pine within its most representative areas (Portugal, Spain, and France). First, a brief characterisation of the main phases of the natural regeneration of maritime pine is described. Next, information on the factors affecting the natural regeneration of the species is provided, highlighting its positive and negative effects. Finally, management proposals are presented to promote the natural regeneration of maritime pine species. Numerous factors influencing the natural regeneration of maritime pine were identified. Fires and climatic factors can intervene in all three regeneration phases (seeding, germination, and seedling survival and development). The natural regeneration failure of maritime pine species can be aggravated in drier scenarios. Forest management plays an important role as it can promote the natural regeneration of the species.
Shelter Effect of Pedestrian Wind behind Row Trees in a Line Arrangement
Authors: Fang Fuh-Min , Chang Jen-Chieh , Li Yi-Chao , Chung Cheng-Yang , Chan Ming-Hsun
Published: February 2022

Flow past a single-line arrangement of evenly-spaced row trees, in an open territory, was numerically simulated under the action of a boundary-layer type of oncoming flow, with a strength of “strong breeze”, based on the Beaufort scale. By selecting Koelreuteria henryi as the demonstrated tree species, the spatial wind speed variations behind row trees at the pedestrian level, at various tree heights and tree spaces, were analyzed to investigate the corresponding downstream shelter effects from a systematic basis. Based on the results of the analyses, the tendency of stream-wise wind speed variations behind the row trees was presented so as to provide additional insights into row-tree planning for protection against ground wind. Moreover, in other cases of row trees with similar crown shapes and properties, resulting flow fields for various tree heights and tree spaces can provide referable quantitative information, which can be readily used to conduct tentative shelter effect assessments and pedestrian comfort evaluations in a preliminary planning stage.
Bushfires in Tasmania, Australia: An Introduction
Authors: Bowman David M. J. S. , Kolden Crystal A. , Williamson Grant J.
Published: February 2022

Tasmania is a large island (68,401 km2) that lies 200 km south of the south-eastern Australian mainland [...]
Tumor Heterogeneity and Molecular Characteristics of Glioblastoma Revealed by Single-Cell RNA-Seq Data Analysis
Authors: Yesudhas Dhanusha , Dharshini S. Akila Parvathy , Taguchi Y-h. , Gromiha M. Michael
Published: February 2022

Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most common infiltrating lethal tumor of the brain. Tumor heterogeneity and the precise characterization of GBM remain challenging, and the disease-specific and effective biomarkers are not available at present. To understand GBM heterogeneity and the disease prognosis mechanism, we carried out a single-cell transcriptome data analysis of 3389 cells from four primary IDH-WT (isocitrate dehydrogenase wild type) glioblastoma patients and compared the characteristic features of the tumor and periphery cells. We observed that the marker gene expression profiles of different cell types and the copy number variations (CNVs) are heterogeneous in the GBM samples. Further, we have identified 94 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between tumor and periphery cells. We constructed a tissue-specific co-expression network and protein–protein interaction network for the DEGs and identified several hub genes, including CX3CR1, GAPDH, FN1, PDGFRA, HTRA1, ANXA2 THBS1, GFAP, PTN, TNC, and VIM. The DEGs were significantly enriched with proliferation and migration pathways related to glioblastoma. Additionally, we were able to identify the differentiation state of microglia and changes in the transcriptome in the presence of glioblastoma that might support tumor growth. This study provides insights into GBM heterogeneity and suggests novel potential disease-specific biomarkers which could help to identify the therapeutic targets in GBM.
Large Phenotypic Variation of Individuals from a Family with a Novel ASPM Mutation Associated with Microcephaly, Epilepsy, and Behavioral and Cognitive Deficits
Authors: von Wrede Randi , Schidlowski Martin , Huppertz Hans-Jürgen , Rüber Theodor , Ivo Anja , Baumgartner Tobias , Hallmann Kerstin , Zsurka Gábor , Helmstaedter Christoph , Surges Rainer , Kunz Wolfram S.
Published: February 2022

Here, we report a consanguineous family harboring a novel homozygous frame-shift mutation in ASPM leading to a truncation of the ASPM protein after amino acid position 1830. The phenotype of the patients was associated with microcephaly, epilepsy, and behavioral and cognitive deficits. Despite the obvious genetic similarity, the affected patients show a considerable phenotypic heterogeneity regarding the degree of mental retardation, presence of epilepsy and MRI findings. Interestingly, the degree of mental retardation and the presence of epilepsy correlates well with the severity of abnormalities detected in brain MRI. On the other hand, we detected no evidence for substantial nonsense-mediated ASPM transcript decay in blood samples. This indicates that other factors than ASPM expression levels are relevant for the variability of structural changes in brain morphology seen in patients with primary hereditary microcephaly caused by ASPM mutations.
Long Intergenic Non-Protein Coding RNA 02381 Promotes the Proliferation and Invasion of Ovarian Endometrial Stromal Cells through the miR-27b-3p/CTNNB1 Axis
Authors: Wang Xiaoqing , Wu Peili , Zeng Cheng , Zhu Jingwen , Zhou Yingfang , Lu Ye , Xue Qing
Published: February 2022

Purpose: Catenin Beta 1 (CTNNB1) is a key regulator of cell proliferation and invasion in endometriosis; however, its upstream factor is not clear. Long noncoding RNAs may participate in endometriosis. The aim of this study was to investigate the mechanism of interaction between LINC02381 and CTNNB1 in endometriosis. Method: Screening and validation of RNAs were completed by whole transcriptional sequencing and qRT-PCR. The subcellular localization of LINC02381 was determined by RNA in situ hybridization and nucleo-cytoplasmic separation. Plasmids were transfected for functional experiments. Luciferase assay was used to verify the binding relationship. Results: The expression of LINC02381 and CTNNB1 was significantly increased in ovarian ectopic endometrial tissues (OSAs) and ectopic endometrial stromal cells (ESCs). When LINC02381 was downregulated in ESCs, the expression of CTNNB1, metallopeptidase 9 (MMP9) and cyclinD1, as well as ESCs invasion and proliferation, decreased. LINC02381 was mainly present in the cytoplasm of ESCs, indicating that it may act as a competitive endogenous RNA. Bioinformatic analysis revealed that microRNA-27b-3p (miR-27b-3p) is a downstream target of LINC02381. miR-27b-3p decreased in OSAs and ESCs. Moreover, when miR-27b-3p was upregulated in ESCs, the expression of CTNNB1, MMP9 and cyclinD1, as well as the invasion and proliferation ability of ESCs, were reduced. Additionally, rescue experiments demonstrated that the expression of CTNNB1, MMP9 and cyclinD1, as well as the invasion and proliferation ability, were significantly increased in the group transfected with both sh-LINC02381 and a miR-27b-3p inhibitor. Conclusion: LINC02381 upregulated CTNNB1 by adsorbing miR-27b-3p, causing increased proliferation and invasion of ESCs.
Genetic Structure of the Root Vole Microtus oeconomus: Resistance of the Habitat Specialist to the Natural Fragmentation of Preferred Moist Habitats
Authors: Łopucki Rafał , Mróz Iwona , Nowak-Życzyńska Zuzanna , Perlińska-Teresiak Magdalena , Owadowska-Cornil Edyta , Klich Daniel
Published: February 2022

Climate-related changes have a severe impact on wetland ecosystems and pose a serious challenge for wetland-dependent animals as their preferred habitats decline, lose spatial continuity, and appear as isolated islands in the landscape. In this paper, we studied the effects of long-term habitat changes (drying out and fragmentation of wet non-forest habitats) on the genetic structure of the population of the root vole Microtus oeconomus, a species preferring moist habitats. We intended to check what barriers and what distances affected its genetic isolation on a local scale. The study was conducted in the area of Kampinoski National Park in central Poland (Europe). DNA variability of 218 root vole individuals was assessed by genotyping nine microsatellite loci. Despite its spatial fragmentation, the studied population did not seem to be highly structured, and isolation through distance was the main differentiating factor. Even a distance of several kilometres of unfavourable natural habitats and unfavourable terrain did not exclude the exchange of genes between subpopulations. Our results suggest that the genetic effects of the fragmentation of wetlands have been considerably compensated (delayed) due to the migratory abilities of this species. Our study does not provide clear results on the impact of anthropogenic barriers but suggests that such barriers may have a much stronger effect than natural barriers.
Network Meta-Analysis of Chicken Microarray Data following Avian Influenza Challenge—A Comparison of Highly and Lowly Pathogenic Strains
Authors: Pirbaluty Azadeh Moradi , Mehrban Hossein , Kadkhodaei Saeid , Ravash Rudabeh , Oryan Ahmad , Ghaderi-Zefrehei Mostafa , Smith Jacqueline
Published: February 2022

The current bioinformatics study was undertaken to analyze the transcriptome of chicken (Gallus gallus) after influenza A virus challenge. A meta-analysis was carried out to explore the host expression response after challenge with lowly pathogenic avian influenza (LPAI) (H1N1, H2N3, H5N2, H5N3 and H9N2) and with highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5N1 strains. To do so, ten microarray datasets obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database were normalized and meta-analyzed for the LPAI and HPAI host response individually. Different undirected networks were constructed and their metrics determined e.g., degree centrality, closeness centrality, harmonic centrality, subgraph centrality and eigenvector centrality. The results showed that, based on criteria of centrality, the CMTR1, EPSTI1, RNF213, HERC4L, IFIT5 and LY96 genes were the most significant during HPAI challenge, with PARD6G, HMG20A, PEX14, RNF151 and TLK1L having the lowest values. However, for LPAI challenge, ZDHHC9, IMMP2L, COX7C, RBM18, DCTN3, and NDUFB1 genes had the largest values for aforementioned criteria, with GTF3C5, DROSHA, ATRX, RFWD2, MED23 and SEC23B genes having the lowest values. The results of this study can be used as a basis for future development of treatments/preventions of the effects of avian influenza in chicken.
Comparative Transcriptomic Analysis of Hu Sheep Pituitary Gland Prolificacy at the Follicular and Luteal Phases
Authors: Wan Zhen , Yang Hua , Cai Yu , Ma Jianyu , Cheng Peiyong , Wang Zhibo , Wang Feng , Zhang Yanli
Published: February 2022

The pituitary gland directly regulates the reproduction of domestic animals. Research has increasingly focused on the potential regulatory mechanism of non-coding RNA in pituitary development. Little is known about the differential expression pattern of lncRNAs in Hu sheep, a famous sheep breed with high fecundity, and its role in the pituitary gland between the follicular phase and luteal phase. Herein, to identify the transcriptomic differences of the sheep pituitary gland during the estrus cycle, RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) was performed. The results showed that 3529 lncRNAs and 16,651 mRNAs were identified in the pituitary gland. Among of them, 144 differentially expressed (DE) lncRNA transcripts and 557 DE mRNA transcripts were screened in the follicular and luteal phases. Moreover, GO and KEGG analyses demonstrated that 39 downregulated and 22 upregulated genes interacted with pituitary functions and reproduction. Lastly, the interaction of the candidate lncRNA XR_001039544.4 and its targeted gene LHB were validated in sheep pituitary cells in vitro. LncRNA XR_001039544.4 and LHB showed high expression levels in the luteal phase in Hu sheep. LncRNA XR_001039544.4 is mainly located in the cytoplasm, as determined by FISH analysis, indicating that XR_001039544.4 might act as competing endogenous RNAs for miRNAs to regulate LHB. LncRNA XR_001039544.4 knockdown significantly inhibited LH secretion and cell proliferation. LncRNA XR_001039544.4 may regulate the secretion of LH in the luteal-phase pituitary gland via affecting cell proliferation. Taken together, these findings provided genome-wide lncRNA- and mRNA-expression profiles for the sheep pituitary gland between the follicular and luteal phases, thereby contributing to the elucidation of the molecular mechanisms of pituitary function.
Transcriptome Profiling Reveals Role of MicroRNAs and Their Targeted Genes during Adventitious Root Formation in Dark-Pretreated Micro-Shoot Cuttings of Tetraploid Robinia pseudoacacia L.
Authors: Uddin Saleem , Munir Muhammad Zeeshan , Gull Sadia , Khan Aamir Hamid , Khan Aimal , Khan Dilawar , Khan Muhammad Asif , Wu Yue , Sun Yuhan , Li Yun
Published: February 2022

Tetraploid Robinia pseudoacacia L. is a difficult-to-root species, and is vegetatively propagated through stem cuttings. Limited information is available regarding the adventitious root (AR) formation of dark-pretreated micro-shoot cuttings. Moreover, the role of specific miRNAs and their targeted genes during dark-pretreated AR formation under in vitro conditions has never been revealed. The dark pretreatment has successfully promoted and stimulated adventitious rooting signaling-related genes in tissue-cultured stem cuttings with the application of auxin (0.2 mg L−1 IBA). Histological analysis was performed for AR formation at 0, 12, 36, 48, and 72 h after excision (HAE) of the cuttings. The first histological events were observed at 36 HAE in the dark-pretreated cuttings; however, no cellular activities were observed in the control cuttings. In addition, the present study aimed to uncover the role of differentially expressed (DE) microRNAs (miRNAs) and their targeted genes during adventitious root formation using the lower portion (1–1.5 cm) of tetraploid R. pseudoacacia L. micro-shoot cuttings. The samples were analyzed using Illumina high-throughput sequencing technology for the identification of miRNAs at the mentioned time points. Seven DE miRNA libraries were constructed and sequenced. The DE number of 81, 162, 153, 154, 41, 9, and 77 miRNAs were upregulated, whereas 67, 98, 84, 116, 19, 16, and 93 miRNAs were downregulated in the following comparisons of the libraries: 0-vs-12, 0-vs-36, 0-vs-48, 0-vs-72, 12-vs-36, 36-vs-48, and 48-vs-72, respectively. Furthermore, we depicted an association between ten miRNAs (novel-m0778-3p, miR6135e.2-5p, miR477-3p, miR4416c-5p, miR946d, miR398b, miR389a-3p, novel m0068-5p, novel-m0650-3p, and novel-m0560-3p) and important target genes (auxin response factor-3, gretchen hagen-9, scarecrow-like-1, squamosa promoter-binding protein-like-12, small auxin upregulated RNA-70, binding protein-9, vacuolar invertase-1, starch synthase-3, sucrose synthase-3, probable starch synthase-3, cell wall invertase-4, and trehalose phosphatase synthase-5), all of which play a role in plant hormone signaling and starch and sucrose metabolism pathways. The quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was used to validate the relative expression of these miRNAs and their targeted genes. These results provide novel insights and a foundation for further studies to elucidate the molecular factors and processes controlling AR formation in woody plants.
The Multifaceted Role of Neuroprotective Plants in Alzheimer’s Disease Treatment
Authors: Zieneldien Tarek , Kim Janice , Cao Chuanhai
Published: February 2022

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is an age-related, progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by impaired cognition, memory loss, and altered personality. Many of the available pharmaceutical treatments do not alter the onset of disease progression. Recently, alternatives to developed drug candidates have been explored including medicinal plants and herbal treatments for the treatment of AD. This article examines the role of herbal plant extracts and the neuroprotective effects as alternative modes of intervention for AD progression. These extracts contain key metabolites that culminate alterations in AD progression. The traditional plant extracts explored in this article induce a variety of beneficial properties, including antioxidants, anti-inflammatory, and enhanced cognition, while also inducing activity on AD drug targets such as Aβ degradation. While these neuroprotective aspects for AD are relatively recent, there is great potential in the drug discovery aspect of these plant extracts for future use in AD treatment.
Efficacy of Treatments in Nonarteritic Ischemic Optic Neuropathy: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Lantos Krisztina , Dömötör Zsuzsa Réka , Farkas Nelli , Kiss Szabolcs , Szakács Zsolt , Garami András , Varga Gábor , Lujber László , Kanaan Reem , Hegyi Péter , Fehér Gergely , Gaál Valéria
Published: February 2022

Background: Nonarteritic Anterior Ischemic Optic Neuropathy (NAION) is the second most common cause of optic nerve-related permanent visual loss in adults. Aim: We aimed to analyze the efficacy of the noninvasive and minimally invasive therapeutic options of NAION. Methods: We performed a systematic literature search in MEDLINE, EMBASE, and CENTRAL from inception to 10 June 2019 to identify the studies that report on the effect of different therapies on visual acuity (VA) and visual field (VF). Weighted mean difference (WMD) with 95% confidence interval (CI) was calculated for these outcomes. The efficacy of steroids was investigated in quantitative, oxygen, steroid plus erythropoietin (EPO), levodopa/carbidopa, memantine, and heparin-induced extracorporeal LDL/fibrinogen precipitation (HELP) therapies and other therapeutic modalities in qualitative synthesis. Results: Thirty-two studies were found to be eligible. We found that steroid therapy compared to control did not improve VA (p = 0.182, WMD = 0.14, 95% CI: −0.07, 0.35) or VF (p = 0.853, WMD = 0.16, 95% CI: −1.54, 1.86). Qualitative analysis could be performed for oxygen, steroid plus EPO, and HELP as well, however, none of them showed VA and VF benefit. Two individual studies found memantine and levodopa beneficial regarding VA. Conclusion: Our systematic review did not reveal any effective treatment. Further investigations are needed to find therapy for NAION.
Relationship between Socio-Demographic Factors and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder: A Cross Sectional Study among Civilian Participants’ Hostilities in Ukraine
Authors: Fel Stanisław , Jurek Krzysztof , Lenart-Kłoś Katarzyna
Published: February 2022

Background: Even though there is an extensive body of literature on posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in individuals who have experienced armed conflict, there are still many grey areas, especially in relation to civilian participants in hostilities. This article evaluates how socio-demographic factors and the interactions between them have influenced PTSD among civilians involved in the recent war in Ukraine. Methods: This cross-sectional study included a convenience sample of 314 adults, 74 women, and 235 men. The mean age was 34.08 years. We used the Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) Checklist–Civilian Version (PCL-C). Results: Our findings show that predictors of posttraumatic stress are loss of a loved one, place of residence, gender, continuation of education, and health insurance. We demonstrated that PTSD produced by the loss of a loved one as a result of war is determined by participation in the education system, whatever the level of education. The literature emphasises the importance of social support, e.g., from the family. We demonstrated that having children is associated with a risk of more severe PTSD, causing serious mental strain among participants of hostilities. We discovered that material security lowers PTSD, but only among people who have no children. Conclusions: PTSD is the result of not only the violence and damage caused by war but also of other stressful circumstances associated with the social and financial conditions of life. Further research needs to focus on identifying modifiable risk factors and protective factors that could be embraced by intervention strategies. Our findings can inform the goals behind therapeutic support for civilian participants of hostilities, and implications for social work. Social work professionals are encouraged to engage in direct questioning and to maintain a supportive and safe environment for participants in hostilities, e.g., in the area of education. Trauma-affected people need to be given opportunities to build up their strengths and increase their psychological resources towards well-being. Social security (health insurance, savings, material security) should be taken into account when working with people affected by PTSD.
Relationships between School Climate and Values: The Mediating Role of Attitudes towards Authority in Adolescents
Authors: Gálvez-Nieto José Luis , Polanco-Levicán Karina , Trizano-Hermosilla Ítalo , Beltrán-Véliz Juan Carlos
Published: February 2022

School climate is related to a wide variety of positive results at the school level; however, its relationship with the construct of values has received little attention, despite being a key variable in the development of personality. This study aimed to examine the direct and indirect relationships between school climate, attitudes towards authority, and values. The participants in this study were 2683 students (51.2% men and 48.8% women) from 32 schools aged between 12 and 20 years (M = 15.78 years, SD = 1.35). Two models of structural equations were estimated, and the model that best fit the data confirmed that school climate was indirectly related to values through attitudes towards authority. The reciprocal and interactive relationships between school climate, attitudes towards authority, and values are also discussed.
Getting Better or Getting Worse? A Population-Based Study on Trends in Self-Rated Health among Single Mothers in Germany between 1994 and 2018
Authors: Sperlich Stefanie , Adler Frauke-Marie , Beller Johannes , Safieddine Batoul , Tetzlaff Juliane , Tetzlaff Fabian , Geyer Siegfried
Published: February 2022

Background: While numerous studies suggest that single motherhood is associated with socioeconomic disadvantages and poor health, few studies have analyzed how these conditions have evolved over time. Addressing this gap, we examined the temporal development of self-rated health (SRH) among single compared to partnered mothers, and the role of socioeconomic factors that may have influenced this trend. Methods: We used representative longitudinal data from the German Socioeconomic Panel Survey (G-SOEP) between 1994 and 2018, consisting of 83,843 women with children, aged 30–49 years (13,664 single and 70,179 partnered mothers). Time trends in SRH and socioeconomic factors were analyzed by means of logistic regression analyses. We applied the Karlson–Holm–Breen (KHB) method for decomposing the total time effect into direct and indirect parts via socioeconomic mediators. Results: The predicted probabilities of good SRH decreased in single mothers from 57.0% to 48.4%, while they increased in partnered mothers from 54.8% to 61.3%. Similarly, predicted probabilities of poor SRH rose from 15.0% to 22.7% in single mothers while decreasing slightly from 12.0% to 11.4% in partnered mothers. Moreover, socioeconomic factors worsened over time for single mothers, while they mostly improved for partnered mothers. Decomposing the time trend revealed that the deterioration of single mothers’ health was partly explained by the worsening of socioeconomic disadvantages, of which the decline in full-time employment, the rise in low incomes, and in unemployment contributed most. Conclusions: The alarming rise in socioeconomic and health disadvantages among single mothers in Germany shows that action is needed to counter this trend.