bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effects of timing and nitrogen fertilizer application rates on maize yield components and yield in eastern Ethiopia
Authors: Mosisa Waktole , Dechassa Nigussie , Kibret Kibebew , Zeleke Habtamu , Bekeko Zelalem
Published: December 2022

Maize (Zea mays L.) is an important food security crop in Ethiopia. However, low soil fertility and the use of haphazard nitrogen (N) fertilizer with little attention to the rate and timing of N application constrain productivity. Therefore, field experiments were conducted during the 2019 and 2020 cropping seasons to investigate the response of maize to different N application rates and timings. The treatments consisted of six N fertilizer rates (0, 23, 46, 69, 92, and 115 kg N ha−1) and four application timings (all at vegetative stages; one‐half at sowing + one‐half at vegetative stages; one‐third at sowing + one‐third at vegetative stages + one‐third at tasseling; one‐fourth at sowing + two‐fourths at vegetative stages + one‐fourth at tasseling). The experiments were a randomized block design in a factorial arrangement with three replications. The results of the study revealed that ears per plant, ear length, grains per row, grains per ear, stover, and grain yield were significantly (p ≤ .001) influenced by the interaction effects of N application rates and timings. The highest stover (9.99 t ha−1) and grain yield (9.41 t ha−1) were obtained from the application of 92 kg N ha−1 in three split applications of one‐fourth at sowing, one‐half at vegetative stages, and one‐fourth at tasseling. Therefore, it is concluded that 92 kg N ha−1 in three split applications of one‐fourth at sowing, two‐fourths at vegetative stages, and one‐fourth at tasseling was found to be the most economical in the study area.
Regional technical efficiency rankings and their determinants in the Irish dairy industry: A stochastic meta‐frontier analysis
Authors: Cele Lungelo P. , Hennessy Thia , Thorne Fiona
Published: December 2022

The paper aims to evaluate regional farm efficiency rankings for Ireland which seeks to be a leader in the global dairy industry. It conducts a within‐country analysis based on technical and scale efficiency of dairy farms to explore how regional constraints imposed by the milk quota may have affected Ireland's regional farm efficiency levels. The stochastic meta‐frontier approach is adopted because of its usefulness in comparing regional technical efficiencies. The findings suggest that policies aiming to promote labor and soil quality improvement in the East region, and that relate to discussion groups in the South region, in addition to management of herd size, would be useful for improving efficiency postquota. Moreover, some farms expanded beyond their optimal scale leading to a reduction in efficiency levels and this points to the need to tailor farm advice and promote caution and prudence in farm expansion decisions, especially in a region like South West. [EconLit Citations: D22, D24, L25, Q1, R1, R58].
Five Years of ChemRxiv: Where We Are and Where We Go From Here**
Authors: Mudrak Benjamin , Bosshart Sara , Koch Wolfram , Leung Allison , Minton Donna , Sawamoto Mitsuo , Tegen Sarah
Published: December 2022

ChemRxiv was launched on August 15, 2017 to provide researchers in chemistry and related fields a home for the immediate sharing of their latest research. In the past five years, ChemRxiv has grown into the premier preprint server for the chemical sciences, with a global audience and a wide array of scholarly content that helps advance science more rapidly. On the service's fifth anniversary, we would like to reflect on the past five years and take a look at what is next for ChemRxiv.
PD‐L1 Aptamer‐Functionalized Metal–Organic Framework Nanoparticles for Robust Photo‐Immunotherapy against Cancer with Enhanced Safety
Authors: Zhang Jingfang , Li Wenzhe , Qi Yafei , Wang Guorong , Li Lele , Jin Zhengyu , Tian Jie , Du Yang
Published: December 2022

Immune checkpoint blockade has become a paradigm‐shifting treatment modality to combat cancer, while conventional administration of immune checkpoint inhibitors, such as anti‐PD‐L1 antibody (α‐PD‐L1), often shows unsatisfactory immune responses and lead to severe immune‐related adverse effects (irAEs). Herein, we develop a PD‐L1 aptamer‐based spherical nucleic acids (SNAs), which consists of oxaliplatin (OXA) encapsulated in a metal–organic framework nanoparticle core and a dense shell of aptPD‐L1 (denoted as M@O‐A). Upon light irradiation, this nanosystem enables concurrent photodynamic therapy (PDT), chemotherapy, and enhanced immunotherapy in one shot to inhibit both primary colorectal tumors and untreated distant tumors in mice. Notably, M@O‐A shows scarcely any systemic immunotoxicity in a clinical irAEs‐mimic transgenic mouse model. Collectively, this study presents a novel strategy for priming robust photo‐immunotherapy against cancer with enhanced safety.
Radical aminoalkylation of maleimides with alkylamines and alkanes
Authors: Li Jia , Zhang Wenliang , Li Yu‐An , Wu Ge , Zhang Xu
Published: December 2022

A meaningful copper‐catalyzed chemo‐selective oxidative alkylamination of maleimides with secondary alkyl amines and simple alkanes has been developed. This transformation exhibits excellent compatibility with an array of polyfunctionalized organic amines and inactivated alkanes, modular synthesis of 3‐carbo‐4‐amino maleimides under simple, and efficient catalytic systems. Detailed mechanistic studies support the formation of 3‐amino maleimides and alkyl radical intermediates and their subsequent radical alkylation in the reaction process.
The environmental policy of the Norwegian Government Pension Fund‐Global and investors' reaction over time
Authors: Miglietta Federica , Di Martino Giuseppe , Fanelli Viviana
Published: December 2022

Taking the greatest socially responsible sovereign wealth fund in the world, namely, the Norwegian Government Pension Fund‐Global (GPF‐G), as a proxy for the world market portfolio, and collecting investment data from 2006 to 2021, our research studies how the attitude of environmentally concerned investors has changed, on different markets, over time, particularly before and after the 2015 Paris Climate Agreement. We investigate, with an event study methodology, what happens to stock prices when companies are excluded from the GPF‐G portfolio for serious environmental violations, unacceptable level of greenhouse gas emissions, or for their involvement in thermal coal processing. In line with previous studies, our results show that Paris Agreement has acted as a catalyst for environmentally conscious behavior by international investors, and this is particularly true in Anglo‐Saxon countries. Especially US, Japanese, Chilean, Indian, and Canadian investors care about the environmental issues that have led to the exclusion from the fund investment portfolio. To the contrary, investors in China, Germany, Australia, and UK seem to have an opposite reaction, as the prices of the excluded stocks increase.
Lenvatinib plus pembrolizumab versus sunitinib for advanced renal cell carcinoma: Japanese patients from the CLEAR study
Authors: Eto Masatoshi , Takagi Toshio , Kimura Go , Fukasawa Satoshi , Tamada Satoshi , Miura Yuji , Oya Mototsugu , Sassa Naoto , Anai Satoshi , Nozawa Masahiro , Sakai Hideki , Perini Rodolfo , Yusa Wataru , Ikezawa Hiroki , Narita Tomoyuki , Tomita Yoshihiko
Published: December 2022

Background

The phase 3 CLEAR study demonstrated statistically significantly improved efficacy with lenvatinib plus pembrolizumab versus sunitinib, including progression‐free survival and overall survival, in patients with previously untreated advanced renal cell carcinoma. This subset analysis investigated efficacy and safety in Japanese patients randomized to lenvatinib plus pembrolizumab or sunitinib in the CLEAR study.

Methods

Progression‐free survival, overall survival, tumor response, and safety were assessed in Japanese patients with previously untreated advanced renal cell carcinoma randomized to receive lenvatinib plus pembrolizumab (n = 42) or sunitinib (n = 31). Efficacy outcomes were analyzed by independent imaging review per Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors, version 1.1.

Results

Progression‐free survival was longer with lenvatinib plus pembrolizumab than with sunitinib (median, 22.1 vs. 10.9 months; hazard ratio, 0.39; 95% CI, 0.20–0.74). Median overall survival was not estimable in the lenvatinib plus pembrolizumab arm and 30.6 months in the sunitinib arm (HR, 1.20; 95% CI, 0.39–3.66). Overall survival adjusted for the imbalance of Memorial Sloan‐Kettering Cancer Center prognostic risk group favored lenvatinib plus pembrolizumab (hazard ratio, 0.67; 95% CI, 0.18–2.39). Objective response rate (69.0% vs. 45.2%; odds ratio, 2.71; 95% CI, 1.03–7.10) was higher and median duration of response (20.3 vs. 9.1 months) was longer with lenvatinib plus pembrolizumab versus sunitinib. Grade ≥ 3 treatment‐emergent adverse events occurred in 95.2% versus 87.1% of patients in the lenvatinib plus pembrolizumab versus sunitinib arms.

Conclusions

These findings support lenvatinib plus pembrolizumab as a potential first‐line treatment for Japanese patients with advanced renal cell carcinoma.
N2 Reduction versus H2 Evolution in a Molybdenum‐ or Tungsten‐Based Small‐Molecule Model System of Nitrogenase
Authors: Junge Jannik , Engesser Tobias A. , Tuczek Felix
Published: December 2022

Molybdenum dinitrogen complexes have played a major role as catalytic model systems of nitrogenase. In comparison, analogous tungsten complexes have in most cases found to be catalytically inactive. Herein, a tungsten complex was shown to be supported by a pentadentate tetrapodal (pentaPod) phosphine ligand, under conditions of N2 fixation, primarily catalyzes the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), in contrast to its Mo analogue, which catalytically mediates the nitrogen‐reduction reaction (N2RR). DFT calculations were employed to evaluate possible mechanisms and identify the most likely pathways of N2RR and HER activities exhibited by Mo‐ and W‐pentaPod complexes. Two mechanisms for N2RR by PCET are considered, starting from neutral (M(0) cycle) and cationic (M(I) cycle) dinitrogen complexes (M=Mo, W). The latter was found to be energetically more favorable. For HER three scenarios are treated; that is, through bimolecular reactions of early M‐NxHy intermediates, pure hydride intermediates or mixed M(H)(NxHy) species.
Development and validation of a novel chiral chromatographic method for separation of lenalidomide enantiomers in human plasma
Authors: Vardhan Gyan , Kumar Vikas , Sahu Puran Lal , Prakash Anuj , Nath Uttam Kumar , Handu Shailendra , Dhamija Puneet
Published: December 2022

Lenalidomide (LND) is an analogue of thalidomide that is second generation immunomodulatory drugs (IMiDs). LND contains asymmetric carbon atom and exist R and S enantiomer. S (−) form of enantiomer are considered to be more potent and biologically active in tumor cell. It is available in racemic form for clinical use. The study aims to develop and validate enantiomer separation of LND in human plasma. The chromatographic enantiomeric separation was achieved on a Daicel‐CSP, Chiralpack IA 4.6 × 250 mm_5 μm. The mobile phase was constituted in combination of methanol:glacial acetic acid at a concentration of 499.50 ml: 50 μl. UV wavelength detection was 220 nm. The RSD% for all validation parameters was found to be within the acceptable limit. The chiral chromatographic (chiral stationary phase–high‐performance liquid chromatography [CSP‐HPLC]) method developed and validated for the quantitative estimation of LND enantiomers S (−) and R (+) in human plasma sample is accurate, precise, robust, stable and selective.
A New Polynitrogen‐Heterocyclic Scaffold 2,4,6,8‐Tetraazanoradamantane Skeleton: Synthesis and Conversion of Its Functionalities
Authors: Cai Rongbin , Li Bing , Hou Tianjiao , Zhou Qi , Liu Yunzhi , Li Huan , Gao Yuan , Zhu Longyi , Luo Jun
Published: December 2022

Comprehensive Summary

2,4,6,8‐Tetraazanoradamantane skeleton is a unique rigid cage‐like organic structure that has not been established. In this article, a facile protocol to build all‐bridge‐position‐functionalized 2,4,6,8‐tetraazanoradamantane skeleton by condensation of glyoxal, primary amines and disubstituted malondialdehydes, which were in situ generated from 2,2‐dipropenyl‐1,3‐dioxolane or 4,4‐dimethoxyhepta‐2,5‐diene via ozonation, is reported for the first time. A variety of primary amines are compatible with this process, and the corresponding 2,4,6,8‐tetraalkyl‐2,4,6,8‐tetraazanoradamantane‐9‐one ethylene or methyl ketals were achieved in 16%—58% yields. N‐Benzyl group could be converted to other functionalities such as acetyl and nitro, which indicates the structural diversity of this scaffold.
Perception of prognosis, quality of life, and distress in patients receiving chimeric antigen receptor T‐cell therapy
Authors: Dhawale Tejaswini M. , Johnson P. Connor , Gaballa Mahmoud R. , Nelson Ashley M. , Lavoie Mitchell W. , Boateng Kofi Y. , Greydanus Claire , Frigault Matthew J. , El‐Jawahri Areej
Published: December 2022

Background

Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T‐cell is potentially curative therapy for patients with hematologic malignancies but can cause life‐threatening toxicities. Data on perceptions of prognosis and psychological distress are lacking.

Methods

The authors conducted a cross‐sectional study of patients receiving CAR‐T. Before hospitalization for CAR‐T, patients completed assessments of quality of life (QOL) (Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy‐General), anxiety and depression symptoms (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale) and post‐traumatic stress disorder symptoms (Post‐Traumatic Stress Checklist). Patients also completed the Prognostic Awareness Impact Scale (PAIS), which measures three domains: cognitive understanding of prognosis, emotional coping with prognosis, and adaptive response.

Results

A total of 71.8% (102 of 142) of eligible patients were enrolled. A total of 34% of patients reported that their oncologist said their cancer is curable and 64% reported there was >50% chance of cure. Overall, 26%, 30%, and 21% of patients reported clinically significant depression, anxiety, and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms, respectively. We found no association between patients' cognitive understanding of prognosis and QOL or mood. Higher emotional coping with prognosis was associated with better QOL (Β = 0.72; SE = 0.10; p = <.001) and lower depression (Β = −0.17; SE = 0.02; p = <.001), anxiety (Β = −0.21; SE = 0.02; p = <.001), and PTSD (Β = −0.43; SE = 0.06; p = <.001) symptoms. Higher adaptive response was associated with better QOL (Β = 0.19; SE = 0.09; p = .028) and lower depression (Β = −0.05; SE = 0.02; p = .023), anxiety (Β = −0.09; SE = 0.02; p = <.001), and PTSD (Β = −0.19; SE = 0.05; p = <.001) symptoms.

Conclusions

Patients undergoing CAR‐T report overly optimistic perception of their prognosis and have high rates of psychological distress. Higher emotional coping with prognosis and adaptive response were associated with better QOL and less psychological distress, underscoring the need to develop interventions to promote coping with this treatment.

Plain language summary

Patients undergoing chimeric antigen receptor T‐cell therapy experience report overly optimistic perceptions of their prognosis and have high rates of psychological distress.

Notably, higher emotional coping with prognosis and adaptive response were associated with better quality of life and less psychological distress.
Drug review sentimental analysis based on modular lexicon generation and a fusion of bidirectional threshold weighted mapping CNN‐RNN
Authors: Dubey Gaurav , Singh Harivans Pratap , Sheoran Kavita , Dhand Geetika , Malik Pooja
Published: December 2022

In drug review sentimental analysis (SA), users can share their experiences after consuming the drugs, which provides an accurate decision about the safety of the drug and public health. Patient‐written medical and health‐care reviews are among the most valuable and informative textual content on social media, but researchers in the areas of natural language processing (NLP) and data mining have not researched them thoroughly. These reviews provide insight into patients' interactions with doctors, treatment, and satisfaction or dissatisfaction with health services. The existing approaches have some problems like exploding/vanishing gradients and do not have sequential modeling. When learning long reviews, the exploding and vanishing gradient problems occurs. This problem makes it hard to tune parameters and learn in the network. The existing methods do not have sequential modeling because they fail to extract long dependencies for long reviews in both backward and forward directions. To overcome these issues, we proposed a Modular Lexicon Generation and a Fusion of Bidirectional threshold weighted mapping CNN‐RNN (MLBTWCR) for classifying drug reviews based on users opinions. The Aspect based Modular Lexicon generation using the Advanced Dragon Fly Algorithm (AMLDA) is used to generate the score values for the lexicon and labels based on aspect. The Bidirectional Dropout Long and Short‐Term Memory (Bi‐DLSTM) and Bidirectional Gated Recurrent Unit (Bi‐GRU) used for extracting long dependencies and for performing the sequence of arbitrary length in both backward and forward directions. The experimental results are evaluated using
Drugslib.com and
Drugs.com datasets. Based on evaluation result, the proposed MLBTWCR gives accuracy of 93.02%, recall of 88.72%, error rate of 11.2, false positive rate (FPR) of 11.3, false negative rate (FNR) of 13.6, running time of 15 s, and convergence speed of 0.2 and F‐measure of 92.64%. Hence, our method performs well for the drug reviews classification based on aspects.
Women empowerment and entrepreneurial intention: A pathway to achieve sustainable development goal (SDG‐5)
Authors: Bilal Ahmad Raza , Rosato Pierfelice , Campo Raffaele , Leopizzi Rossella
Published: December 2022

This research aims to investigate the impact of social networking, family support, social dominance orientation and, access to finance on the entrepreneurial intention among Omani women and to examine the mediating role of entrepreneurial persistence and entrepreneurial passion between growth constraints and the entrepreneurial intention on Omani women. The contribution of women in the development of the economy has received great attention in the past years. Therefore, to motivate women to engage in entrepreneurship, it is necessary to understand the growth impediments that impact their entrepreneurial intentions to achieve sustainable development goal (SDG‐5). By using the stratified sampling method, this study collected data from 262 Omani women from nine regions, including Al Batinah North, Al Batinah South, AlBuraimi, Muscat, Ash Sharqiyah South, Ad Dakhiliyah, Dhofar, Ad Dhahirah, and Musandam. The study's findings showed that social networking significantly impacts entrepreneurial intention and entrepreneurial persistence. At the same time, access to finance and family support has an insignificant effect on entrepreneurial persistence, entrepreneurial passion, and entrepreneurial intention. The findings indicate the role of the mediating variables between growth constraints and entrepreneurial intention. Based on findings that offer valuable insight, several recommended strategies are provided for policymakers in general and for the socio‐economic development of Omani women, in particular.
What affects the quality of sustainability report texts? Evidence from China
Authors: Zhang Zhengxin , Xu Bing , Li Piao
Published: December 2022

We relied on web crawlers and text analysis techniques to develop a new method for measuring the quality of sustainability report texts, and accordingly discussed the impact of chief executive officers' (CEOs') characteristics on the quality of sustainability report texts. We found that companies led by younger CEOs and CEOs with better‐educated, financial and overseas backgrounds provided higher quality sustainability reports, while companies led by female CEOs and CEOs with academic backgrounds provided poorer quality sustainability reports. We also unpacked the “black box” of sustainability report quality, grouping it into three aspects: comprehensiveness, objectivity and reliability. Further research found that CEO characteristics had a greater impact on the quality of sustainability reports in the sample of voluntary and non‐state‐owned enterprises. Our study has the potential to contribute to the selection of CEOs and the improvement of sustainability disclosure.
Sulfur‐Doped rGO Aerogel Enables the Anchoring of 1T/2H MoS2 for Durable Oxygen Reduction Reaction Catalyst Support
Authors: Sun Lian , Wang Honglei , Yan Xingheng , Li Wudi , Xie Haijiao , Yang Yaping , Yu Jinshan , Zhou Xingui
Published: December 2022

Durability is crucial for the long‐term application of cathode oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) catalysts in fuel cells. In this work, sulfur was successfully doped into reduced graphene oxide (rGO) aerogels to achieve the formation of 1T/2H hybrid phase MoS2, obtaining MoS2@S‐rGO‐300 composite ORR catalyst support. After loading ultrafine Pt nanoparticles, Pt/MoS2@S‐rGO‐300 showed not only an enhanced ORR activity, but also a significantly improved stability after 10000 cycles. The mass activity retention for Pt/MoS2@S‐rGO‐300 after cycles reached 89.94 %, while that of Pt/rGO was only 37.44 %. Density functional theory calculations revealed that the enlarged binding energy between Pt atoms and MoS2@S‐rGO‐300 led to the prevention of Pt agglomeration as well as Ostwald ripening.
Migratory birds with delayed spring departure migrate faster but pay the costs
Authors: Dossman Bryant C. , Rodewald Amanda D. , Studds Colin E. , Marra Peter P.
Published: December 2022

Migratory birds that experience poor overwintering conditions are often late to arrive at the breeding grounds, which is known to depress individual fitness. Despite the importance of this carryover effect, few studies have investigated how individuals can modify migratory behaviors en route to reduce delays on arrival and whether accelerating migration incurs survival costs. To examine this, we used Motus Wildlife Tracking System to track individual American redstarts (Setophaga ruticilla) as they migrated from wintering grounds in Southwest Jamaica through Florida en route to their breeding areas. We leveraged long‐term data on spring departure timing and breeding latitude to quantify the relative departure dates (early vs. delayed) of tagged individuals, which we then related to individual migration rates and apparent annual survival. Compared to those initiating migration earlier, individuals that departed relatively late (10‐day delay) migrated at a 43% faster rate, which decreased their annual survival by 6.3%. Our results are consistent with the hypothesis that spring migrants use speed to compensate for departure delays despite incurring survival costs. This compensatory behavior may potentially underly differential survival during spring migration and may be particularly widespread across short‐lived migratory birds generally considered time‐constrained.
BaO‐Catalyzed α‐Deuteration of Ketones, Sulfones, Sulfoxides, and Nitriles
Authors: Fan Hui‐ke , Yang Sen , Li Jun‐hua , Teng Qiao‐qiao , Chen Ming
Published: December 2022

Herein a facile methodology of α‐deuterating ketones, sulfoxides, sulfones and nitriles using catalytic BaO was developed. The protocol allowed high d‐incorporation in a single‐run with broad functional group tolerance and was scalable and applicable in preparing exemplary bioactive ketone candidates.
Stereoselective Synthesis of Enamides through Palladium‐Catalyzed Oxidative Amidation of Conjugated Olefins with 2‐Pyridones
Authors: Zhao Shuai , Lu Bin‐Wei , Bao Ning , Yin Zi‐Jian , Qian Mingcheng , Cao Lin , Geng Min , Lin Ye , Chen Xin
Published: December 2022

A palladium‐catalyzed oxidative amidation of conjugated olefin with 2‐pyridone is described. A series of E‐Enamides were synthesized in a highly stereocontrolled manner. The reaction also accommodates other cyclic and acyclic amides. Z‐Enamides were predominantly prepared for primary amides probably due to the presence of an intramolecular hydrogen bond. Gram‐scale synthesis of enamide and the following oxidative annulation with diphenylacetylene demonstrates the synthetic utility of this reaction.
Amperometric sandwich‐type aptasensor based on peroxidase mimetic Au@Pt for the carcinoembryonic antigen
Authors: Li Hui , Zhang Yuting , Chang Anqi , Cai Shixin , Zhou Nandi
Published: December 2022

For sensitive analysis of cancer biomarker carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), an amperometric sandwich‐type aptasensor is proposed based on a signal amplification strategy of Au@Pt bimetallic nanoprobes. As the excellent catalytic activity to hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), core‐shell Au@Pt nanoparticles are employed as nanoprobes by conjugating directly with the secondary aptamer of CEA (Apt‐II). Due to the synergic recognition effect of dual aptamers and the excellent catalytic activity of nanoprobes, this amperometric sandwich‐type aptasensor for CEA exhibits high specificity and good sensitivity with a limit of detection of 0.31 ng/mL, along with a wide linear range from 0.1 ng/mL to 100 ng/mL.
Doping engineering of scandium‐based solid‐state electrolytes toward superior ionic conductivity
Authors: Zhang Hongtu , Zeng Zhichao , Shi Xiaomeng , Wang Chun‐Hai , Du Yaping
Published: December 2022

One key research point of solid‐state electrolytes (SSEs) is ionic conductivity. To date, their ionic conductivity is relatively low to meet the requirements of practical applications; thus, more investigations on the migration mechanisms are needed. Here, we constructed scandium‐based halide SSEs (Li3‐xSc1‐x(Zr/Hf)xCl6, x = 0 ~ 0.5). The highest ionic conductivities (1.61 and 1.33 mS/cm) and the lowest activation energies (0.326 and 0.323 eV) are shown in Li2.6Sc0.6Zr0.4Cl6 (LSZC~0.4) and Li2.6Sc0.6Hf0.4Cl6 (LSHC~0.4), respectively. Their electrochemical windows in the cells of Li/Li7P3S11/LSZC~0.4/LSZC~0.4‐C and Li/Li7P3S11/LSHC~0.4/LSHC~0.4‐C are 1.3 ~ 4.2 V and 1.6 ~ 4.1 V versus Li+/Li, respectively. The crystal structures and the Li+ chemical environments were investigated by X‐ray diffraction and 7Li solid‐state magic angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance, indicating weaker bond strengths of LiCl to facilitate the transportation of Li+. The potential reason explaining the increased ionic conductivity was determined based on the bond valence site energy theory.

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Improved geospatial analysis of shoreline modification using a weighted‐average‐based novel formulation
Authors: Mohanty Asmita , Rajani Mandyam B. , Majumdar Rudrodip , Nayak Shailesh
Published: December 2022

This study presents a novel weighted‐average method (WAM) that captures the detailed nuances of shoreline change patterns over long and short periods by considering shorelines belonging to five different time frames. Using the WAM, the average shoreline modification for the longer period (136 years with intervals of ~34 years) and for the shorter period (annual changes over a period of 5 years) have been calculated for the 9 km stretch of the Kollam coast in Kerala, India. Historically, Kollam has been a prominent seaport on the Malabar Coast of India and was extensively mapped due to its importance for political, strategic, and trade reasons. The coastal information available in these older maps is unique as there are no comparable data for the coastline of that period that can be used to assess changes along the coast. The WAM demonstrated the efficacy of the historical maps as pivotal reference points. It reliably captured the different shoreline activities (i.e., growing, stable, and receding regions) of natural and anthropogenic origins within the study area, and the findings are consistent with results obtained by using the linear regression rate (LRR) and the end point rate (EPR) methods. This work presents both qualitative and quantitative analyses to evaluate shoreline change using various statistical and mathematical methods. The findings should serve as baseline information for coastal management, notably mitigating coastal hazards—whether of natural or anthropogenic origin—which could result in the enhancement of ecosystem services for coastal communities.
Structural and geochemical studies of the Palaeozoic granites from Dalhousie region of Himachal Himalaya: Implications on petrogenesis and deformation of strongly peraluminous S‐type granites
Authors: Tripathi Kavita , Choudhary Shubham , Joshi Mayank , Sharma Rajesh
Published: December 2022

The Palaeozoic granites forming the Dalhousie pluton occur as an elongated body intruded into the core of an antiform in Salkhala metasedimentary rocks and are referred to herein as Dalhousie granites (DG). The studied mesoscopic structures, for example, well‐developed and randomly distributed megacrysts of K‐feldspar at the core part of massif, show undeformed porphyritic nature, whereas augen along with the mylonitic foliation and parallelly aligned feldspar megacrysts are dipping towards north‐north‐east (NNE) in the marginal part. The presence of aplite veins is evidence of final stage crystallization, where these rocks rapidly crystallized from siliceous residual fluids/solutions that escaped along fractures in the granites. Moreover, the granites show intrusive as well as thrusted contact with the Chamba metamorphics. The microscopic study from the marginal parts shows the dynamic recrystallization of quartz along with the fractures filled with secondary material oriented opposite to the top‐to‐the‐SW. Whereas euhedral quartz grains with undeformed grain boundaries, compositional zoning in plagioclase, and magmatic (perthite) texture of K‐feldspar are present in the core of Dalhousie pluton. In addition, a new whole‐rock geochemical dataset of DG is presented and investigated to elucidate the petrogenesis and tectonic environment. The geochemical data shows that DG (dominantly monzogranites) are formed from a pelitic source‐derived, (molar Al2O3/CaO + Na2O + K2O > 1.1) strongly peraluminous (S‐type) calc‐alkaline magma. This magma was generated by muscovite vapour absent dehydration melting. Harker bivariate plots indicate that fractional crystallization was a dominant process during the evolution of these granites. The tectonic discrimination diagrams suggest that DG were generated in syn‐collisional setting. Exceptionally high Pb in DG occurred due to primary melt generation at low‐temperature during partial melting (low‐degree melting) of the pelitic source rock. Trace and rare earth elements characteristics, such as positive anomaly of Zr show a notable amount of zircon as one of the accumulating phases. A pronounced negative Eu anomaly (EuN/Eu* = 0.04–0.66), along with high silica content and highly varied trace element ratios in these rocks, show that these are fairly evolved granites.
Persistent depressive symptoms are associated with frontal regional atrophy in patients with Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Sinclair Lindsey Isla , Ballard Clive G. ,   for the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative
Published: December 2022

Background

Depression in individuals with Alzheimer's disease (AD) is common, difficult to treat and inadequately understood. Previous studies have identified possible differences in regional brain atrophy in individuals with AD and depression, but the results have been inconsistent and some studies had less robust definitions of depression. We aimed to examine regional brain atrophy in two large dementia focused cohorts.

Methods

We used data from Alzheimer's disease neuroimaging initiative (ADNI) and the National Alzheimer's Co‐ordinating Center (NACC), for those with data from at least one MRI scan. Depression ratings were available using the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS) and Neuropsychiatric Inventory (NPI). Intermittent depressive symptoms were defined as one episode above threshold (≥8 on GDS, ≥6 on NPI depression subscale and ≥2 on the Neuropsychiatric Inventory version Q depression sub‐scale) and persistent as ≥2 episodes. Derived regional volumetric data was available from ADNI and the NACC.

Results

Data was available from 698 individuals with AD in NACC and from 666 individuals in ADNI. We found no evidence of between group differences in regional brain volume at baseline, or of differential atrophy in NACC. In ADNI we found evidence of increased brain atrophy in several frontal brain areas.

Limitations

Because this study was limited to those with MRI data, the numbers in some analyses were low. MRI parcellation differed between studies making direct comparison difficult. For some individuals only the NPI was used to rate depression.

Conclusions

We have found mixed evidence of increased regional atrophy in depression in AD, mainly in frontal brain regions. We found no evidence to support a vascular basis for depression in AD.
Communication quality and relational self‐expansion: The path to leadership coaching effectiveness
Authors: Passarelli Angela M. , Trinh Mai P. , Van Oosten Ellen B. , Varley Amanda
Published: December 2022

Leadership coaching—a relational process by which a professional coach works with a leader to support their development—is a common component of learning and development portfolios in organizations. Despite broad agreement about the importance of the coaching relationship, relational processes remain undertheorized, failing to account for the growth and intertwining of coach‐leader self‐concepts as they engage in a generative and co‐creative coaching process. To address these shortcomings, we reconceptualize the relational process within coaching as one of relational self‐expansion and theorize that the communication channel and communication quality impact relational self‐expansion which, in turn, influences coaching effectiveness. Our hypotheses are tested in a field experiment featuring random assignment to experimental conditions (communication channels) in which a coaching intervention was deployed in five organizations. Using structural equation modeling, we demonstrated that communication quality and relational self‐expansion during the coaching process positively predicted coaching effectiveness. Contrary to expectations, communication quality did not differ by channel (phone, videoconference, face‐to‐face) nor did it predict relational self‐expansion.
A Geneticist Transcribing the Chemical Language of Bacteria
Authors: Miller Conrad Laura C. , Perez Lark J.
Published: December 2022

The study of quorum sensing, bacterial cell‐to‐cell communication mediated by the production and detection of small molecule signals, has skyrocketed since its discovery in the last third of the 20th century. Building from early investigations of bacterial bioluminescence, the process has been characterized to control a numerous and growing number of group behaviors, including virulence and biofilm formation. Bonnie Bassler has made key contributions to the understanding of quorum sensing, leading interdisciplinary efforts to characterize key signaling pathway components and their respective signaling molecules across a range of gram‐negative bacteria. This review highlights her work in the field, with a particular emphasis on the chemical contributions of her work.
Self‐managed abortion: Aligning law and policy with medical evidence
Authors: Skuster Patty , Moseson Heidi , Perritt Jamila
Published: December 2022

People have always and will always find ways to try to end their pregnancies when necessary. Many do so safely without the involvement or direct supervision of healthcare professionals by self‐managing their abortions. In 2022, the well‐established safety and efficacy of abortion medications prompted WHO to fully endorse self‐managed medication abortion as part of a comprehensive range of safe, effective options for abortion care. But despite robust evidence supporting the safety and effectiveness of the self‐use of medications for abortion, abortion laws and policies around the world remain at odds with clinical evidence and with the realities of self‐managed medication abortion in the present day. The present article considers legal issues related to self‐managed abortion and addresses the role of obstetricians, gynecologists, and other healthcare professionals in promoting clinical and legal safety in abortion care through support of self‐managed abortion.
Metabolic inhibitor screening identifies dihydrofolate reductase as an inducer of the tumor immune escape mediator CD24
Authors: Boese Austin C. , Hwang Jung Seok , Young Isabelle , Malin Courteney M. , Avalos Vanessa , Kang JiHoon , Kang Sumin
Published: December 2022

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have improved the clinical management of some cancer cases, yet patients still fail to respond to immunotherapy. Dysregulated metabolism is a common feature of many cancers, and metabolites are known to modulate functions in cancer cells. To identify potential metabolic pathways involved in anti‐tumor immune response, we employed a metabolic inhibitor‐based drug screen in human lung cancer cell lines and examined expression changes in a panel of immune regulator genes. Notably, pharmacologic inhibition of dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) downregulated cancer cell expression of cluster of differentiation 24 (CD24), an anti‐phagocytic surface protein. Genetic modulation of DHFR resulted in decreased CD24 expression, whereas tetrahydrofolate, the product of DHFR, enhanced CD24 expression. DHFR inhibition and the consequent CD24 decrease enhanced T cell‐mediated tumor cell killing, whereas replenishment of DHFR or CD24 partially mitigated the immune‐mediated tumor cell killing that resulted from methotrexate treatment in cancer cells. Moreover, publicly available clinical data analyses further revealed the link between DHFR, CD24, and the antitumor immune response in lung cancer patients. Our study highlights a novel connection between folate metabolism and the anti‐tumor immune response and partially interprets how DHFR inhibitors lead to clinical benefits when combined with cancer immunotherapy agents.
Relationship between family income and trajectories of adjustment in adolescence: Sleep and physical activity as moderators
Authors: Gillis Brian T. , Hinnant J. Benjamin , Erath Stephen A. , El‐Sheikh Mona
Published: December 2022

Introduction

Youth from lower‐income families experience adjustment problems at higher rates than higher‐income peers. While adolescents have little control over family income, they do have some agency over their sleep and physical activity, two factors that have been shown to mitigate the risk of maladjustment. To test this, sleep and physical activity were examined as moderators of the longitudinal relationship between family income (indexed by income‐to‐needs ratio) and trajectories of adolescent adjustment problems.

Methods

Participants included a socioeconomically diverse community sample of 252 US youth (53% female; 33% Black, 67% White) in 2012–2015. Actigraphy‐based sleep duration and quality were indexed, respectively, by minutes (sleep onset to wake excluding awakenings) and efficiency (% minutes scored as sleep from onset to wake). Physical activity and adjustment were youth‐reported. Outcomes included internalizing (anxious/depressive) and rule‐breaking behavior. Latent growth models estimated trajectories of adjustment across ages 16 and 18 years conditional on family income, sleep, physical activity, and their interactions.

Results

Relationships between family income and change in internalizing symptoms were moderated by sleep minutes, and associations between income and change in internalizing symptoms and rule‐breaking behavior were moderated conjointly by sleep efficiency and physical activity.

Conclusions

Under conditions of high‐quality sleep and more physical activity, adolescents with lower income reported fewer adjustment problems. Conversely, youth with both poor sleep and low physical activity were at the highest risk for maladjustment over time. Findings enhance understanding of individual differences in trajectories of mental health associated with bioregulation, health behaviors, and the sociocultural context.
The association between trauma and interpersonal problems in a United States community mental health setting
Authors: Goldstein Elena , King Catherine , Crits‐Christoph Paul , Connolly Gibbons Mary Beth
Published: December 2022

Objective

Previous research has documented associations between trauma and interpersonal problems. We examined the impact of trauma on interpersonal problems among depressed patients seeking treatment in a community mental health setting.

Methods

A total of 453 patients seeking treatment and screened for a comparative effectiveness study of therapies for depression were included. We conducted analyses relating the 32‐item inventory of interpersonal problems (IIP‐32) to trauma measures.

Results

99.1% of the sample experienced a traumatic event. There were significant associations between the total number of traumas, the number of sexually and physically assaultive traumas, and both gender and race. The number of sexually assaultive traumas was significantly related to the IIP‐32 “too caring” subscale (simple r = 0.167, p < 0.001). Controlling for demographics and other IIP‐32 subscales, the total number of traumas remained significantly related to the IIP‐32 “too caring” domain (partial r = 0.163, p < 0.001).

Conclusions

Traumatic events are prevalent among community populations and these experiences are associated with certain interpersonal problems. Trauma and interpersonal problems are key issues for the treatment of patients in the community mental health setting.
Impact of facemasks on psychotherapy: Clinician's confidence and emotion recognition
Authors: Bani Marco , Ardenghi Stefano , Rampoldi Giulia , Russo Selena , Strepparava Maria Grazia
Published: December 2022

Objectives

Facial emotion recognition is a key component of human interactions, and in clinical relationships contributes to building and maintaining the therapeutic alliance with patients. The introduction of facemasks has reduced the availability of facial information in private and professional relationships. This study aimed to assess the impact of facemasks on clinicians' perception of clinical interactions as well as their ability to read facial expressions.

Methods

In this cross‐sectional study, a purposive sample of 342 clinical psychologists or psychotherapists completed an online survey including the assessment of burnout, alexithymia, emotion dysregulation, and self‐perceived ability to build effective relationships and communication with patients with/without facemasks. Participants were randomly assigned to the standardized facial emotion recognition task Diagnostic Analysis of Nonverbal Accuracy FACES 2‐Adult Faces including 24 faces representing anger, fear, sadness, and happiness.

Results

Facemasks impaired the self‐perceived ability of clinicians to build effective relationships and communicate with patients and reduced satisfaction in clinical encounters. The ability of clinicians to recognize facial emotions is significantly reduced for masked happy and angry faces, but not for sad and afraid ones. The perceived difficulty in building good relationships and communication with patients had a positive correlation with alexithymia and emotion dysregulation; higher levels of discomfort when wearing facemasks had a positive correlation with burnout and emotion dysregulation.

Conclusion

Facemasks reduced clinicians' self‐confidence in clinical encounters with patients wearing facemasks, but their facial emotion recognition performance was only partially impaired.
Development and validation of the facilitative interpersonal skills scale for clients
Authors: Santos João M. , Barata Matilde , Rathenau Sara , Amaro Inês , Vaz Alexandre , Sousa Daniel , Severino Margarida , Taveira Mafalda
Published: December 2022

Objective

Psychotherapy studies have revealed that therapist characteristics are responsible for 5% to 9% of outcome variance. The therapist‐facilitative interpersonal skills (FIS) have been shown to predict both alliance and outcomes, indicating that higher FIS therapists are more effective than lower FIS therapists. The current study focused on the development and validation of the FIS‐client version (FIS‐C) instrument, aimed at collecting the clients' perspectives on relevant therapist characteristics.

Method

The clinical outcomes in routine evaluation—outcome measures, the session rating scale, and the FIS questionnaire—client version were filled out by psychotherapy clients. Exploratory, confirmatory factor, and test–retest analysis were conducted.

Results

Results indicate robust psychometric characteristics, in terms of validity (factorial, convergent, discriminant, and nomological), reliability, and sensitivity.

Conclusion

The validation of the FIS‐C represents an important contribution to clinical research and practice, namely to the field of client feedback and therapist expertise.
Chest X‐ray‐based opportunistic screening of sarcopenia using deep learning
Authors: Ryu Jin , Eom Sujeong , Kim Hyeon Chang , Kim Chang Oh , Rhee Yumie , You Seng Chan , Hong Namki
Published: December 2022

Background

Early detection and management of sarcopenia is of clinical importance. We aimed to develop a chest X‐ray‐based deep learning model to predict presence of sarcopenia.

Methods

Data of participants who visited osteoporosis clinic at Severance Hospital, Seoul, South Korea, between January 2020 and June 2021 were used as derivation cohort as split to train, validation and test set (65:15:20). A community‐based older adults cohort (KURE) was used as external test set. Sarcopenia was defined based on Asian Working Group 2019 guideline. A deep learning model was trained to predict appendicular lean mass (ALM), handgrip strength (HGS) and chair rise test performance from chest X‐ray images; then the machine learning model (SARC‐CXR score) was built using the age, sex, body mass index and chest X‐ray predicted muscle parameters along with estimation uncertainty values.

Results

Mean age of the derivation cohort (n = 926; women n = 700, 76%; sarcopenia n = 141, 15%) and the external test (n = 149; women n = 95, 64%; sarcopenia n = 18, 12%) cohort was 61.4 and 71.6 years, respectively. In the internal test set (a hold‐out set, n = 189, from the derivation cohort) and the external test set (n = 149), the concordance correlation coefficient for ALM prediction was 0.80 and 0.76, with an average difference of 0.18 ± 2.71 and 0.21 ± 2.28, respectively. Gradient‐weight class activation mapping for deep neural network models to predict ALM and HGS commonly showed highly weight pixel values at bilateral lung fields and part of the cardiac contour. SARC‐CXR score showed good discriminatory performance for sarcopenia in both internal test set [area under the receiver‐operating characteristics curve (AUROC) 0.813, area under the precision‐recall curve (AUPRC) 0.380, sensitivity 0.844, specificity 0.739, F1‐score 0.540] and external test set (AUROC 0.780, AUPRC 0.440, sensitivity 0.611, specificity 0.855, F1‐score 0.458). Among SARC‐CXR model features, predicted low ALM from chest X‐ray was the most important predictor of sarcopenia based on SHapley Additive exPlanations values. Higher estimation uncertainty of HGS contributed to elevate the predicted risk of sarcopenia. In internal test set, SARC‐CXR score showed better discriminatory performance than SARC‐F score (AUROC 0.813 vs. 0.691, P = 0.029).

Conclusions

Chest X‐ray‐based deep leaning model improved detection of sarcopenia, which merits further investigation.