bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Applied puppetry: Communities, identities, transgressions
Authors: Purcell-Gates Laura , Smith Matt
Published: August 2020

This editorial outlines the scope of this special issue on puppetry. The issue editors introduce articles that theorize the use of puppets for a purpose and present dialogues with practitioners working in the field. The authors emphasize the power of puppetry within contemporary cultural systems and the plethora of diverse practices comprising applied puppetry. The lively and developing field of applied puppetry is presented as involving new thinking and methods that have been adopted globally. The editorial argues that applied puppetry, as well as being a set of practices that can affect the lives of participants, is also a robust academic field. The authors hope for a reconsideration of objects in applied theatre practice generally, as a way to further understand networks in socially engaged performance practices.
Trazmallo Ixinti and applied puppetry in Mexico: An interview
Authors: Loyola Daniel
Published: August 2020

In this artist reflection, Daniel Loyola explores the context of puppetry in relation to storytelling and communities in Mexico. He leads the reader through his company’s use of puppetry in explorations of ritual and the influences of Mexican para-theatrical traditions. He presents puppetry methods as part of a combination of artforms and practices, and discusses how his company has used these collaborative practices, an approach that emphasizes the connection to ideas from animism and pre-modern ideas about the power of objects. He also describes how the work is challenged by the context of communities dealing with violence and uncertainties in rural Mexico.
Mucosa-Associated Microbiota in Barrett's Esophagus, Dysplasia, and Esophageal Adenocarcinoma Differ Similarly Compared With Healthy Controls
Authors: Peter Shajan , Pendergraft Amanda , VanDerPol William , Wilcox C. Mel , Kyanam Kabir Baig Kondal R. , Morrow Casey , Izard Jacques , Mannon Peter J.
Published: August 2020

INTRODUCTION:

Alterations in the composition of the human gut microbiome and its metabolites have been linked to gut epithelial neoplasia. We hypothesized that differences in mucosa-adherent Barrett's microbiota could link to risk factors, providing risk of progression to neoplasia.

Methods:

Paired biopsies from both diseased and nonaffected esophagus (as well as gastric cardia and gastric juice for comparison) from patients with intestinal metaplasia (n = 10), low grade dysplasia (n = 10), high grade dysplasia (n = 10), esophageal adenocarcinoma (n = 12), and controls (n = 10) were processed for mucosa-associated bacteria and analyzed by 16S ribosomal ribonucleic acid V4 gene DNA sequencing. Taxa composition was tested using a generalized linear model based on the negative binomial distribution and the log link functions of the R Bioconductor package edgeR.

Results:

The microbe composition of paired samples (disease vs nondisease) comparing normal esophagus with intestinal metaplasia, low grade dysplasia, high grade dysplasia, and adenocarcinoma showed significant decreases in the phylum Planctomycetes and the archaean phylum Crenarchaeota (P < 0.05, false discovery rate corrected) in diseased tissue compared with healthy controls and intrasample controls (gastric juice and unaffected mucosa). Genera Siphonobacter, Balneola, Nitrosopumilus, and Planctomyces were significantly decreased (P < 0.05, false discovery rate corrected), representing <10% of the entire genus community. These changes were unaffected by age, tobacco use, or sex for Crenarcha.

DISCUSSSION:

There are similar significant changes in bacterial genera in Barrett's esophageal mucosa, dysplasia, and adenocarcinoma compared with controls and intrapatient unaffected esophagus. Further work will establish the biologic plausibility of these specific microbes' contributions to protection from or induction of esophageal epithelial dysplasia.
FINALISMO NO INTENCIONAL. UNA APROPIACIÓN ARISTOTÉLICA DEL VOCABULARIO PLATÓNICO DE LA PARTICIPACIÓN
Authors: Díaz Maria Elena
Published: August 2020

Más allá de las críticas de Aristóteles a la noción platónica de participación, existen algunos usos de este término que merecen ser atendidos en la obra aristotélica, en tanto suponen no solo una herencia platónica sino también una resignificación en un plexo conceptual diverso. Este trabajo explora el uso aristotélico de la noción de participación como finalidad no intencional en el argumento que sostiene que uno de los modos de alcanzar la inmortalidad es la procreación, para mostrar cómo se puede compatibilizar la adopción de la terminología platónica de la participación con el entramado causal aristotélico.
Experience with cladribine tablets for highly active multiple sclerosis in everyday clinical practice
Authors: Petrov S. V. , Boyko O. V. , Boyko A. N.
Published: August 2020

Cladribine tablets are a new drug for the immune reconstitution therapy of highly active multiple sclerosis (HAMS). After discussing the characteristics of action of the drug in clinical trials, the authors give their own experience of its use in the Moscow Multiple Sclerosis Center.

Objective: to assess their own experience with cladribine tablets in the treatment of HAMS patients in everyday clinical practice.

Patients and methods: In 2018–2020, a total of 14 patients with HAMS and an average exacerbation frequency of 2.42 per year (34 exacerbations) received a full cycle of cladribine therapy. The patients independently purchased the drug for individual indications. Prior to starting therapy and every subsequent 6 months, all the patients underwent contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain, cervical and thoracic spine, and chest X-ray, Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) scoring, clinical blood analysis, lymphocyte subpopulation estimation, biochemical blood analysis. The levels of leukocytes, lymphocytes, and lymphocyte subpopulations were estimated after one- and two-year cladribine tablet therapy cycles.

Results and discussion. During a two-year cladribine tablet therapy cycle, there were only 2 exacerbations (0.1 per year); the EDSS values stabilized, while they slightly decreased; according to MRI, the number of foci declined substantially from 78 (an average of 3.12 per image) before treatment to 6 (an average of 0.2 per image) after 2 years of treatment. No serious adverse events were recorded in patients taking cladribine tablets. By the end of the first year of treatment, the level of lymphocytes returned to normal in all the patients. The similar picture was noted after the second cycle of therapy. More than two-thirds of patients showed a decline in CD19+ B lymphocytes. An anti-B-cell effect was recorded even in patients who had normal absolute lymphocyte counts, as shown by clinical blood analysis. The findings demonstrated the efficacy and safety of cladribine tablets in patients with HAMS.

Conclusion. Cladribine tablets are a highly effective treatment for HAMS.
FAKTOR SOCIAL EKONOMI DAN PERSEPSI PENGRAJIN TEMPE DALAM PENGGUNAAN BAHAN BAKU KEDELA (STUDI KASUS DI SENTRA INDUSTRY TEMPE SANAN )
Authors: Yudiono Kukuk , Cahyono Edi Dwi
Published: August 2020

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk: (1) Menganalisis faktor sosial ekonomi yang memengaruhi keputusan pengrajin tempe dalam menggunakan kedelai impor sebagai bahan baku tempe; (2) Mendeskripsikan persepsi pengrajin tempe terhadap jenis kedelai yang digunakan sebagai bahan baku tempe. Metode penelitian dalam penentuan lokasi dilakukan dengan purposive (sengaja)  yaitu di sentra industri tempe Sanan, kota Malang.  Penentuan responden menggunakan metode sensus dengan jumlah sampel 36 responden.  Metode pengumpulan data melalui wawancara, observasi dan dokumentasi.  Metode analisis data untuk menjawab tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah analisis regresi berganda dan analisis deskriptif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa faktor sosial ekonomi meliputi hasil produksi, harga kedelai, jumlah tenaga kerja dan kwalitas kedelai secara simultan berpengaruh terhadap keputusan pengrajin tempe dalam menggunakan kedelai impor yang ditunjukkan dengan nilai F hitung > F tabel, dimana diperoleh hasil  sebesar 79,795 dengan nilai signifikansi (0,000).  Analisis regresi berganda faktor sosial ekonomi yang sangat berpengaruh terhadap keputusan pengrajin tempe dalam membuat tempe memiliki nilai koefisien nyata dan signifikansi yang diperoleh 0,000. Persepsi pengrajin tempe terhadap kontinuitas produk dan harga dari jenis kedelai yang digunakan bahwa kedelai impor memberikan pemahaman bahwa pengrajin tempe sangat mudah mendapatkan informasi mengenai pasokan kedelai impor dan harga yang sedang berlaku.  Semua pengrajin menggunakan bahan baku kedelai impor berdasarkan persepsi bahwa kedelai impor: a) bijinya besar, b) tempenya lebih mengembang, c) ketersediaan continue, d) harga lebih murah, e) bijinya seragam dan lebih bersih, f) warna cerah, dan mudah mendapatkan informasi baik dari paguyuban atau koperasi.
PENGARUH PERTUMBUHAN KREDIT, EFISIENSI OPERASIONAL, DAN KECUKUPAN MODAL TERHADAP PROFITABILITAS PADA LEMBAGA PERKREDITAN DESA (LPD) DI KECAMATAN BANJARANGKAN, KLUNGKUNG, BALI
Authors: Sukariani Ni Nyoman Ayu Dewi , Ustriyana I Nyoman Gede , Dewi Ida Ayu Listia
Published: August 2020

Pengembangan Lembaga Perkreditan Desa (LPD) dalam mendukung pembangunan nasional salah satunya adalah melalui LPD Kecamatan Banjarangkan, Klungkung, Bali. Dalam rangka mempertahankan dan meningkatkan kontinuitasnya, LPD juga memerlukan kinerja keuangan yang handal. Hal itu sejalan dengan prinsip keuangan berkelanjutan yang menekankan upaya agar laba usaha atau profitabilitas dapat ditingkatkan.Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui pengaruh pertumbuhan kredit (LDR), efisiensi operasional (BOPO), dan kecukupan modal (CAR) terhadap profitabilitas (ROA) LPD di tahun 2015-2017. Teknik penentuan sampel dalam penelitian ini dilakukan secara sensus, dan  diperoleh 20 LPD. Teknik analisis yang digunakan adalah analisis regresi linear berganda. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pertumbuhan kredit berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap profitabilitas, efisiensi operasional berpengaruh negatif dan signifikan terhadap profitabilitas, dan kecukupan modal berpengaruh negatif dan signifikan terhadap profitabilitas LPD di Kecamatan Banjarangkan, Klungkung Bali periode 2015-2017.
PERANAN PROGRAM SERTIFIKAT UTZ TERHADAP PENINGKATAN PRODUKSI DAN PENDAPATAN PETANI KAKAO DI KABUPATEN JEMBRANA PROVINSI BALI
Authors: Ginting Windi Arihta , Ambarawati Gusti Agung Ayu , Dewi Ida Ayu Listia
Published: August 2020

Indonesia merupakan penghasil kakao ketiga di dunia. Komoditi kakao Indonesia sangat berpotensi untuk dikembangkan dari segi kuantitas namun dari segi kualitas dinilai masih rendah untuk pasar dunia terutama Eropa.  Salah satu program yang dapat mendorong produksi dan kualitas kakao adalah melalui sertifikasi pertanian berkelanjutan yaitu UTZ Certified. Salah satu pemegang sertifikat UTZ di Indonesia adalah Koperasi Kerta Semana Samaniya di Kabupaten Jembrana. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui perbedaan produksi dan pendapatan usahatani kakao bersertifikat UTZ dan yang tidak mengikuti program sertifikat UTZ di Kabupaten Jembrana, mengidentifikasikan alasan petani kakao mengikuti program sertifikasi UTZ. Analisis data yang digunakan adalah menghitung pendapatan usahatani, uji beda (uji-t) dan analisis deskriptif kualitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan rata-rata produktivitas usahatani kakao bersertifikat UTZ sebanyak 173,20 kg/ha dan  non sertifikat sebanyak 211,88 kg/ha, yang menunjukkan bahwa produksi kakao bersertifikat UTZ lebih rendah sebesar 22,3% dibandingkan dengan non sertifikat. Pendapatan Usahatani bersertifikat UTZ lebih tinggi 45,17% yaitu sebesar Rp 4.887.639/ha/tahun dibandingkan dengan petani non sertifikat yang hanya memperoleh Rp 2.676.833/ha/tahun.  Usahatani kakao bersertifikat UTZ memiliki R/C  sebesar 3,3 sedangkan petani kakao non sertifikat UTZ sebesar 1,9. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa usahatani kakao bersertifikat lebih menguntungkan dibandingkan dengan usahatani kakao non sertifikat. Tiga alasan utama petani mengikuti program sertifikasi UTZ adalah adanya sosialisasi pengenalan program sertifikasi, mendapatkan harga jual yang tinggi.Kata Kunci: Pendapatan Petani, Usahatani Kakao, UTZ Certified
PERENCANAAN ULANG TATA LETAK FASILITAS PRODUKSI KERIPIK NANGKA DAN USULAN KESELAMATAN KESEHATAN KERJA (STUDI KASUS DI UMKM DUTA FRUIT CHIPS, KABUPATEN MALANG)
Authors: Pramesti Maulina , Subagyo Heru Santoso Hadi , Aprilia Anisa
Published: August 2020

Perencanaan tata letak fasilitas produksi yang sistematis dan kondisi keselamatan kesehatan kerja para karyawan di suatu perusahaan merupakan hal yang sangat penting dilakukan. Namun pada kenyataanya kondisi tata letak UMKM Duta Fruit Chips kurang tertata dengan baik. Hal tersebut dibuktikan dengan letak antar departemen (bagian - bagian produksi) belum berurutan sesuai dengan urutan proses produksinya dan cenderung tidak efektif. Selain itu, faktor kesadaran terhadap keamanan para karyawan dalam proses produksi juga dinilai masih rendah karena saat melakukan proses produksi tidak menggunakan alat pelindung diri (APD) dan banyak karyawan yang sering berpotensi mengalami kecelakaan kerja. Berdasarkan hal tersebut maka dilakukan sebuah penelitian yang bertujuan untuk menghasilkan sebuah perencanaan tata letak usulan. Perencanaan tata letak usulan dilakukan menggunakan Algoritma Blocplan. Algoritma ini dipilih karena dapat menganalisis permasalahan berdasarkan frekuensi perpindahan material dan hubungan derajat kedekatan antar departemen - departemen yang saling berhubungan pada lantai produksi. Tata letak usulan yang dipilih berdasarkan hasil pengolahan Blocplan yang memiliki nilai Rscore mendekati 1. Tata letak yang dipilih yaitu tata letak layout 1 dengan nilai Rscore 0.97. Tata letak tersebut mampu menghasilkan jarak perpindahan aliran bahan sebesar 26,495 meter dan waktu perpindahan bahan sebesar 326,24 detik. Sehingga mampu meminimalkan jarak sebesar 16,45 meter dan waktu sebesar 299,9 detik dari tata letak awal. Selain mampu meminimalkan jarak dan waktu perpindahan aliran bahan tata letak usulan juga mampu meminimalkan jarak antar departemen yang berpotensi menjadi penyebab kecelakaan kerja sehingga dapat meminimalkan tingkat terjadinya kecelakaan kerja.
KETAHANAN PANGAN PENDUDUK DI PULAU JAWA: PENDEKATAN VECTOR ERROR CORRECTION MODEL
Authors: Prasada I made Yoga , Priyanto Moh Wahyudi , Hilmi Yahya Shafiyuddin
Published: August 2020

Food security over the past few decades has been a hot topic discussed in Indonesia. Food security can indirectly reflect the level of welfare of a household in a region. Various factors can influence the level of food security, both in the short term and in the long term. Therefore, this research was conducted with the aim to find out the factors that influence the food security of the population in the short term and in the long term. The data used in this study are secondary data sourced from the Central Bureau of Statistics (BPS) in 2008-2017, namely data on food and non-food expenditure, real per capita income, agricultural land area, real sugar prices, real beef prices, and real rice prices. The data were analyzed using the VECM (Vector Error Correction Model) model. The results showed that in the short-term the factors that influence food security are income per capita real lag 1, real sugar prices lag 1, and real beef prices lag 1, while the factors that influence food security in the long-term are per capita income 1, agricultural area lag 1, real sugar 1 lag price, real beef price lag 1, and real rice price lag 1.
KARAKTERISTIK PENYULUH DALAM PEMANFAATAN MEDIA SOSIAL SEBAGAI MEDIA INFORMASI PERTANIAN
Authors: Humaidi Lutfi , Hubeis Aida Vitayala S , Puspitawati Herien , M Anwas Oos E
Published: August 2020

This research was an explanatory research that explains the phenomena that influence the social media utilization as agricultural information media. This research was conducted in Riau Islands Province from May to September 2019. The research sample was determined by census method. The total number of 90 Civil Servants (PNS) and Agricultural Extension Workers Relief Personnel (THL-TBPP), all of which were used as respondents in this research. The research variables consist of independent variables, namely the characteristics of extension agents (X), and the dependent variable, namely the use of social media (Y). Data collection methods in this study used questionnaires, interviews, and documentation. Analysis of the data used: descriptive analysis, and PLS analysis with SmartPLS 3.0 software. The results showed that the characteristics of extension workers were in the low category, while the use of social media was in the medium category. Utilization of social media that is reflected through facebook, whatsapp and youtube is influenced by the characteristics of instructors that are reflected through age, experience as counselors and cosmopolitan.
Analysis Of Initial Filling (Impounding) Into The Raknamo Dam With Tank Model
Authors: Krisnayanti Denik S , Bolla Margareth E , Bunganaen Wilhelmus , Damayanti Alvine C , Nait Costandji , Amaral Bilgardo E.D.N.R
Published: August 2020

The impounding of the dam is the step that will be done after construction work on the dam be finished. This study aims to determine a long time and the volume of inflow on Raknamo dam in dry water year, low water year, normal water year and wet water year with tank model. Factors that affected the time of the first impounding of the dam is the amount of rainfall and evapotranspiration that has come in to the catchment area. The total volume of annual inflow Raknamo reservoir obtained in dry water year was in 15,489 million m3, low water year equal to 23,696 million m3, normal water year equal to 32,892 million m3 and wet water year equal to 44,068 million m3. In the calculation of the length of time filling the Raknamo reservoir used the volume of low water year. The accumulation of the volume of every month calculated so that length of time filling the Raknamo reservoir can reach the volume of planned at 14.091 million m3 within three a half months (three months fifteen days).
How Long Can the Previously Assembled Cardiopulmonary Bypass Circuit Stay Sterile?
Authors: Lonský Vladimír , Voxová Barbora , Dominik Jan , Manďák Jiří , Kubíček Jaroslav , Bímová Jaroslava , Marková Dana , Matoulková Pavla
Published: August 2020

The sterility of previously assembled cardiopulmonary bypass circuits was investigated for 100 extracorporeal circuits. The closed circuits were assembled using aseptic technique and remained in the pump room until time of use. The mean time from point of setup to point of priming for the 100 consecutive circuits was 32 hours, with a range of 19 to 89 hours. Circuits were primed with the calculated volume of priming solution, circulated for 5 minutes and tested for microbial contamination by withdrawing 20 ml of the priming solution and 10 days incubated in Thioglycolate and Sabouraud culture mediums. All were found to be free of microbial comtamination. The results of this investigation demonstrate that the sterility of the extracorporeal circuit, pre-assembled in advance of actual priming, can be maintained over an extended interval when standard aseptic technique is used. This allows the utilization of a pre-assembled circuit for emergency cardiopulmonary support.
Complejidad e inclusividad del comportamiento intrasituacional: Análisis empírico
Authors: González Becerra Victor Hugo , Tamayo Tamayo Jairo Ernesto , Patrón Espinosa Felipe de Jesús , Torres Ceja Carlos de Jesús , Ortíz Rueda Gerardo Alfonso
Published: August 2020

En la taxonomía de Ribes y López (1985) se propone que el comportamiento psicológico es progresivamente complejo e inclusivo; sin embargo, en la literatura sobre el tema se encuentran pocas investigaciones y los datos no son robustos. Teniendo esto en cuenta, y con el propósito de aumentar la evidencia de la complejidad e inclusividad de los tres primeros niveles de complejidad conductual de la taxonomía en tres secuencias de entrenamiento ascendente (contextual-suplementario-selector), descendente-ascendente (suplementario-contextual-selector) y descendente (selectorsuplementario-contextual), el presente estudio tuvo como objetivo evaluar el efecto de la historia de interacción por medio de secuencias de entrenamiento- sobre el proceso de ajuste diferencial (contextual), efectivo (suplementario) y preciso (selector). En general, los resultados muestran que cuando los participantes carecían de historia de interacción ante las contingencias programadas se requirió de un mayor número de sesiones de entrenamiento para mejorar el desempeño en organizaciones funcionales de mayor complejidad; y que cuando la historia de interacción estaba presente en la organización funcional en tanto interacción previa con las contingencias se encontró un efecto de facilitación en el ajuste conductual, independientemente de si la transición fue ascendente o descendente. Al final se indaga sobre si el incremento en el número de sesiones se relaciona con la complejidad de cada nivel de organización funcional, y se discute, respecto a las transiciones de entrenamiento funcional, ascendente y descendente, sus efectos en la facilitación en el aprendizaje y surelación con el supuesto de inclusividad funcional
Perceived relevance of tasks in organic chemistry by preservice chemistry teachers
Authors: Hermanns Jolanda
Published: August 2020

In this article the development, use and evaluation of tasks in organic chemistry is discussed. These tasks are designed following the concept of school-related content knowledge. In this study the perceived relevance of these new tasks by preservice chemistry teachers was evaluated. Of special interest was the question how new tasks should be designed to be perceived as relevant; are some features of the tasks more suitable than others? To answer all research questions a mixed methods study was conducted. To understand the students’ rating of the new tasks by using questionnaires, in addition focus group interviews were conducted. The suitability of these new tasks for use in written exams was also evaluated. The results show that the students perceived the tasks as relevant for their future profession if they included contents of the school curriculum, realistic situations and were personalized. They perceived the new tasks also as relevant for practicing skills in communication and explanations.
Exploring fullerenes and nanotubes in the classroom
Authors: Velentzas Athanasios , Stavrou Dimitris
Published: August 2020

Informing citizens about scientific issues in our highly technological world is of major importance. Toward this end, a teaching/learning sequence (TLS) focused on the nanostructures of carbon was developed and implemented in a class of secondary school students. This topic was chosen because, on the one hand, fullerenes and nanotubes are already used in a wide range of applications, and there are impressive promises for their future uses. On the other hand, from an educational point of view, students could be introduced to the important idea that some of the interesting properties at the nanoscale level are related to the structure of matter. During the development of the TLS, the fact that students would be studying extremely small-sized particles invisible to the naked eye was taken into consideration. Because of this, models and analogies were chosen as the main teaching tools to be used. In the present work, the TLS and some findings from the first implementation in the classroom are presented and discussed.
Interday Reliability of a Testing Battery to Assess Lateral Symmetry and Performance in Well-Trained Volleyball Players
Authors: Iglesias-Caamaño Mario , Álvarez-Yates Tania , Carballo-López Javier , Cuba-Dorado Alba , García-García Oscar
Published: August 2020

Iglesias-Caamaño, M, Álvarez-Yates, T, Carballo-López, J, Cuba-Dorado, A, and García-García, O. Interday reliability of a testing battery to assess lateral symmetry and performance in well-trained volleyball players. J Strength Cond Res 36(4): 895–901, 2022—This study aimed to determine the relative and absolute interday reliability of a testing battery for lateral asymmetry detection and performance in well-trained volleyball players and to determine whether retaining for analysis the best or the average value of 3 attempts would modulate the interday reliability and the magnitude of asymmetry. Thirteen Superleague-2 male volleyball players performed on 3 different days a 5-test battery composed of 4 tests for assessing muscle asymmetries: active knee extension, Y-balance test (YBT), modified 20-yard shuttle run (M-20Y), and single-leg countermovement jump; and one for volleyball sports performance: attack jump (AJ). The intraclass correlation index and coefficient of variation (CV) together with the standard error of measurement (SEM, %SEM) and the minimum detectable change (MDC, %MDC) were taken to calculate relative and absolute reliability. Two-way repeated-measures analysis of variance was used to establish the differences between the best value and the average value in each session. The low %MDC (<10%) suggests that all the tests that make up the testing battery would have good sensitivity to detect possible asymmetries. All tests have shown an excellent interday absolute reliability (CV <4.5%; %SEM < 5%), both when retaining the best value and the average value of the 3 attempts. In addition, AJ and YBT (on both legs) obtained a good-excellent relative reliability, whereas the M-20Y test seems to show a lower relative reliability. Retaining the best value or the average value to determine the magnitude and direction of asymmetry seems to be equally reliable with no differences between both values.
Interscholastic Athletics and Bone Strength: The Iowa Bone Development Study
Authors: Pashkova Anna , Hartman Jeffrey M. , Letuchy Elena M. , Janz Kathleen F.
Published: August 2020

Pashkova, A, Hartman, JM, Letuchy, EM, and Janz, KF. Interscholastic athletics and bone strength: the Iowa bone development study. J Strength Cond Res 36(5): 1271–1276, 2022—The objective of this study was to determine the relationship between adolescents' participation in various interscholastic sports and differences in bone strength outcomes. Subjects (N = 380) were recruited from the Iowa Bone Development Study and categorized based on sport participation into 3 power groups: no-power, low-power, and high-power. Sports such as basketball, cheerleading/poms, gymnastics, volleyball, track, football, tennis, and soccer were considered high-power. Peripheral quantitative computed tomography (pQCT) was used to determine bone measures of polar stress-strain index (measure of torsion strength), cortical content (measure of cortical bone size and area at the 66% tibia site), and bone strength index (measure of compression strength based on total bone density and area at the 4% tibia site). Adjusted pairwise comparison for group least squares means high-power sport participation compared with no-power sport participation showed significant differences in all bone strength outcomes for both men and women (p value < 0.01). There was a significant difference in all bone strength measures between low-power and no-power groups for men (p value < 0.05), but not women. Because of decreasing levels of physical activity in late adolescence, the promotion of high-power sports may be particularly important for optimal bone development in the final years before peak bone mass.
Influences of the Stretch-Shortening Cycle and Arm Swing on Vertical Jump Performance in Children and Adolescents
Authors: Gillen Zachary M. , Shoemaker Marni E. , McKay Brianna D. , Bohannon Nicholas A. , Gibson Sydney M. , Cramer Joel T.
Published: August 2020

Gillen, ZM, Shoemaker, ME, McKay, BD, Bohannon, NA, Gibson, SM, and Cramer, JT. Influences of the stretch-shortening cycle and arm swing on vertical jump performance in children and adolescents. J Strength Cond Res 36(5): 1245–1256, 2022—This study compared the influences of the stretch-shortening cycle and arm swing on vertical jump performance during static jumps (SJs), counter-movement jumps (CMJs), and CMJs with arm swing (CMJAs) in young male and female athletes. Twenty-one boys (age = 12.1 ± 1.1 years) and 21 girls (age = 12.1 ± 1.1 years) performed SJs, CMJs, and CMJAs on force plates that sampled at 1 kHz. Measurements included peak force, rate of force development, peak power (PP), eccentric impulse (ECC), concentric impulse (CON), estimated jump height (JH), and changes in PP and JH across vertical jumps. Measurements of growth included age, maturity offset, height, body mass, fat-free mass, and thigh muscle cross-sectional area. Analyses of variance were used to analyze growth measurements across sex, as well as vertical jump outcome measures. Pearson product moment correlation coefficients were used to determine the relationships between changes in PP and JH across vertical jumps and growth measurements. There were differences in PP and JH such that SJ < CMJ < CMJA (p < 0.001), and ECC such that SJ < CMJA < CMJ (p ≤ 0.048). Changes in PP were greater from the SJ to CMJ than CMJ to CMJA (p ≤ 0.001). The change in PP from the SJ to CMJ exhibited moderate-to-high relationships with growth measurements for boys and girls (r = 0.543–0.803). Because young children may not have the skeletal musculature or strength necessary to absorb and reapply large eccentric preloading forces, future studies should consider using the CMJA, rather than the CMJ, to maximize vertical jump performance and minimize ECC. Coaches and practitioners can expect approximately 27–33% greater PP and 15–17% greater estimated JH when an arm swing is included during the CMJ.
The Effect of Different Rest Intervals Between Agonist-Antagonist Paired Sets on Training Performance and Efficiency
Authors: Behenck Cristiano , Sant'Ana Haroldo , Pinto de Castro Juliana Brandão , Willardson Jeffrey M. , Miranda Humberto
Published: August 2020

Behenck, C, Sant'Ana, H, Pinto de Castro, JB, Willardson, JM, and Miranda, H. The effect of different rest intervals between agonist-antagonist paired sets on training performance and efficiency. J Strength Cond Res 36(3): 781–786, 2022—The purpose of this study was to verify the effect of different rest intervals (RIs) between agonist-antagonist paired sets (APS) on training performance and efficiency. Eighteen recreationally trained men (age: 21.5 ± 2.1 years, body mass: 74.5 ± 10.4 kg, height: 1.75 ± 0.04 m, body mass index: 24.4 ± 3.7 kg·m−2) completed 4 sessions. During each session, a 10-repetition maximum load was used for 3 APS of Bench Row + Bench Press and Lat Pull-down + Overhead Press with RI between APS sequences of 1, 2, 3 minutes (min) or self-selected RI (SRI). Total training volume (TTV), session time and efficiency were measured in all sessions. The 1-minute RI resulted in significantly less TTV vs. the other conditions (p = 0.000). The 2-minute RI resulted in significantly less TTV vs. the 3-minute RI (p = 0.002), but the SRI was not significantly different vs. the 3-minute RI. For session time, the 1-minute RI was significantly less (p = 0.000) and the 3-minute RI was significantly greater (1-minute and 2-minute RI, p = 0.000; SRI, p = 0.010) than the other conditions. Therefore, the efficiency of the 1-minute RI was significantly greater vs. the other conditions (3-minute RI and SRI, p = 0.000; 2-minute RI, p = 0.001) and the 2-minute RI was significantly greater vs. the 3-minute RI (p = 0.001). There were no significant differences in TTV, session time, and efficiency between the 2-minute RI and SRI conditions. In conclusion, the 2-minute RI and SRI conditions may present a better cost-effectiveness. It is suggested that self-selected RI can provide better performance, whereas 2-minute RI may enable greater efficiency.
Effect of Caffeine on Endurance Performance in Athletes May Depend on HTR2A and CYP1A2 Genotypes
Authors: Guest Nanci S. , Corey Paul , Tyrrell Pascal N. , El-Sohemy Ahmed
Published: August 2020

Guest, NS, Corey, P, Tyrrell, PN, and El-Sohemy, A. Effect of caffeine on endurance performance in athletes may depend on HTR2A and CYP1A2 genotypes. J Strength Cond Res 36(9): 2486–2492, 2022—This investigation determined whether variation in the HTR2A (serotonin receptor) gene modifies the ergogenic effects of caffeine on endurance and further modifies performance by the CYP1A2 genotype. Male athletes (n = 100; 25 ± 4 years) completed 10-km cycling time trials under 3 conditions as follows: 0, 2, or 4 mg of caffeine per kg body mass. Using a randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled design, data were analyzed using analysis of covariance to compare changes in cycling time between placebo (0 mg·kg−1) and each caffeine dose and adjusted for the placebo trial and order of treatment. A significance of ρ ≤ 0.05 was used. Subjects were genotyped for HTR2A (rs6313) and CYP1A2 (rs762551). A significant caffeine-HTR2A interaction (p = 0.003) was observed; however, after adjustment for placebo trials, the interaction was no longer significant (p = 0.37). Because of the strong caffeine-CYP1A2 interaction (p < 0.0001) previously reported in these subjects, where the 4-mg dose resulted in divergent effects (slower and faster) on the 10-km cycling time, we conducted a simplified model to examine these same factors by the HTR2A genotype. The post hoc analysis excluded HTR2A CT heterozygotes and 2-mg·kg−1 caffeine trials. Among CYP1A2 fast metabolizers alone, a significant difference (1.7 minutes; p = 0.006) was observed when comparing (4- vs. 0-mg·kg−1 caffeine trials) between the HTR2A CC (n = 16; 2.4 minutes) and TT (n = 7; 0.7 minutes) genotypes. Our results show that 4-mg·kg−1 caffeine improves performance in individuals with the HTR2A CC genotype but only in those who are also CYP1A2 AA fast metabolizers. This study was registered with clinicaltrials.gov (NCT 02109783).
Between-Sex Differences in the Work Sample Test Battery Performed by Law Enforcement Recruits: Implications for Training and Potential Job Performance
Authors: Lockie Robert G. , Beitzel Maria M. , Dulla Joseph M. , Dawes J. Jay , Orr Robin M. , Hernandez Javier A.
Published: August 2020

Lockie, RG, Beitzel, MM, Dulla, JM, Dawes, JJ, Orr, RM, and Hernandez, JA. Between-sex differences in the work sample test battery performed by law enforcement recruits: implications for training and potential job performance. J Strength Cond Res 36(5): 1310–1317, 2022—Law enforcement officers perform a range of demanding job-specific tasks, and these tasks are the same for all officers, regardless of sex. Female officers tend to be at a physical disadvantage compared with male officers, and this could affect their performance in job-specific tasks. This study investigated the between-sex differences in the work sample test battery (WSTB; duplicates what an officer encounters on-duty) in law enforcement recruits. A retrospective analysis was performed on 308 recruits (259 men and 49 women) from 5 training academy classes. The WSTB incorporated 5 tests: a 99-yard obstacle course (99OC), 165-pound body drag (BD), 6-foot chain link fence (CLF), solid wall (SW) climb, and 500-yard run (500R). These tests were typically performed in the last weeks of academy and must be completed to a state-mandated minimum standard for recruits to graduate. Independent-samples t tests (p < 0.05) and effect sizes (d) calculated between-sex differences. Noting that when individual data were considered, there were male recruits who were outperformed by female recruits. However, on average, female recruits were slower on all WSTB tasks than male recruits (p < 0.01). Large effects were present for the 99OC, CLF, and 500R differences (d = 1.26–1.69), a moderate effect for the BD (d = 0.85), and a small effect for the SW (d = 0.56). Slower performance in job-specific tests could translate to slower performance in tasks required on-duty. Training staff should develop the qualities necessary for WSTB performance in female recruits and underperforming male recruits to enhance future job performance.
Bilateral vs. Unilateral Countermovement Jumps: Comparing the Magnitude and Direction of Asymmetry in Elite Academy Soccer Players
Authors: Bishop Chris , Abbott Will , Brashill Calum , Turner Anthony , Lake Jason , Read Paul
Published: August 2020

Bishop, C, Abbott, W, Brashill, C, Turner, A, Lake, J, and Read, P. Bilateral vs. unilateral countermovement jumps: comparing the magnitude and direction of asymmetry in elite academy soccer players. J Strength Cond Res 36(6): 1660–1666, 2022—The aims of this study were to compare the magnitude and direction of asymmetry in comparable bilateral and unilateral countermovement jumps (CMJs). Forty-five elite academy soccer players from under-23 (n = 15), under-18 (n = 16), and under-16 (n = 14) age groups performed bilateral and unilateral CMJs as part of their routine preseason fitness testing. For the magnitude of asymmetry, no significant differences were evident for any metric between tests. However, the eccentric impulse asymmetry was significantly greater than mean force and concentric impulse in both bilateral and unilateral tests (p < 0.01). For the direction of asymmetry, Kappa coefficients showed poor levels of agreement between test measures for all metrics (mean force = −0.15, concentric impulse = −0.07, and eccentric impulse = −0.13). The mean jump data were also presented relative to the body mass for each group. For the bilateral CMJ, significant differences were evident between groups but showed little consistency in the same group performing better or worse across metrics. For the unilateral CMJ, eccentric impulse was the only metric to show meaningful differences between groups, with the under-18 group performing significantly worse than under-23 and under-16 players. This study highlights that despite the magnitude of asymmetry being similar for each metric between comparable bilateral and unilateral CMJs, consistency in the direction of asymmetry was poor. In essence, if the right limb produced the larger force or impulse during a bilateral CMJ, it was rare for the same limb to perform superior during the unilateral task. Thus, practitioners should be aware that bilateral and unilateral CMJs present different limb dominance characteristics and should not use 1 test to represent the other when measuring between-limb asymmetries.
Interaction Between ACTN3 (R577X), ACE (I/D), and BDKRB2 (−9/+9) Polymorphisms and Endurance Phenotypes in Brazilian Long-Distance Swimmers
Authors: Neto Severino L.d.A. , Herrera Jose J.B. , Rosa Thiago S. , de Almeida Sandro S. , Silva Glauber C.B. , Ferreira Carlos E.S. , dos Santos Marcos A.P. , Silvino Valmir O. , de Melo Gislane F.
Published: August 2020

Neto, SLdA, Herrera, JJB, Rosa, TS, de Almeida, SS, Silva, GCB, Ferreira, CES, dos Santos, MAP, Silvino, VO, de Melo, GF. Interaction between ACTN3 (R577X), ACE (I/D), and BDKRB2 (−9/+9) polymorphisms and endurance phenotypes in Brazilian long-distance swimmers. J Strength Cond Res 36(6): 1591–1595, 2022—This study investigated the interactions between the polymorphisms ACTN3 (R577X), ACE (I/D), and BDKRB2 (−9/+9) and their association with endurance phenotypes in Brazilian long-distance swimmers. Twenty-six volunteers (aged 18–30 years) were divided into 2 groups as follows: 19 subelite athletes formed the pool swimming experts (PSE: 400–1500 m) group and 7 elite athletes the open water swimming experts (OWSE: 5–25 km) group. ACTN3 (R577X), ACE (I/D), and BDKRB2 (−9/+9) polymorphisms were genotyped through polymerase chain reaction. A nonathletes control (CON) group derived from studies with the Brazilian population was created. Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (X2) was observed in all groups. The total genotype score (TGS) associated with endurance phenotypes was used in this study. A significance level was established at p ≤ 0.05. PSE and CON groups had very similar genotyping distribution. The OWSE group had a greater frequency for the genotypes XX (57.1%), ID (57.1%), and the alleles X (71.4%) and I (57.2%) than CON and PSE groups (XX = 21.1 and 21.1%; ID = 47.1 and 52.6% [p > 0.05]; X = 44.0 and 42.1%; I = 45.3 and 42.1%, respectively). Considering BDKRB2, OWSE and PSE groups had a greater frequency of +9/+9 than the CON group (42.9% and 31.6 vs. 27.5%, respectively). Although the expected genotypic distribution was not verified among athletes, the TGS revealed small supremacy of 3–5 typical alleles in the OWSE group (54.8 ± 26.7%) compared with the PSE group (41.2 ± 17.8%) (p = 0.072; confidence interval = 95%; effect size = 0.95). The OWSE group seem to have benefited from the best genotype profile verified for ACTN3 and ACE. However, the results of this work should be approached with caution because of the small number of athletes and polymorphisms assessed.
HIF-1α and NFIA-AS2 Polymorphisms as Potential Determinants of Total Hemoglobin Mass in Endurance Athletes
Authors: Malczewska-Lenczowska Jadwiga , Orysiak Joanna , Majorczyk Edyta , Sitkowski Dariusz , Starczewski Michał , Żmijewski Piotr
Published: August 2020

Malczewska-Lenczowska, J, Orysiak, J, Majorczyk, E, Sitkowski, D, Starczewski, M, and Żmijewski, P. HIF-1α and NFIA-AS2 polymorphisms as potential determinants of total hemoglobin mass in endurance athletes. J Strength Cond Res 36(6): 1596–1604, 2022—The aims of this study were to examine (1) the genotype distribution of rs11549465:C>T of the HIF-1α gene and rs1572312:C>A of the NFIA-AS2 gene; (2) the association between the genes and hematological status in endurance-oriented athletes; and (3) the association between the NFIA-AS2 gene and aerobic capacity in cyclists. Two hundred thirty-eight well-trained athletes (female n = 90, male n = 148) participated in the study. Total hemoglobin mass (tHbmass), blood morphology, intravascular volumes, i.e., erythrocyte volume (EV), blood volume (BV) and plasma volume (PV), and aerobic capacity indices, e.g., peak oxygen uptake (V̇o
2peak), and power at anaerobic threshold (PAT) were determined. In both studied genes, the CC genotype was predominant. In the HIF-1α gene, there were no differences in genotype and allele distribution among athletes from different disciplines and between sexes. The distribution of genotypes and alleles of the NFIA-AS2 gene differed significantly in male athletes; the frequency of A allele carriers (CA + AA) was significantly higher in cyclists than in rowers and middle- and long-distance runners. The athletes with CC genotype of NF1A-AS2 had significantly higher relative values of: tHbmass (total female athletes, cyclists), PV, BV (cyclists), and EV (total male athletes, cyclists) and PAT (cyclists) than A allele carriers (CA + AA genotypes). In conclusion, our study indicates that NFIA-AS2 rs1572312:C>A polymorphism was associated with hematological status in endurance athletes, as well as aerobic capacity indices in male cyclists. It suggests that this polymorphism may be a determinant of quantity of hemoglobin and intrtavascular volumes, which in turn can have an impact on aerobic performance.
A‐Mode Ultrasound Reliability in Fat and Muscle Thickness Measurement
Authors: Ribeiro Guilherme , de Aguiar Rafael A. , Penteado Rafael , Lisbôa Felipe D. , Raimundo João A.G. , Loch Thiago , Meira Ângelo , Turnes Tiago , Caputo Fabrizio
Published: August 2020

Ribeiro, G, de Aguiar, RA, Penteado, R, Lisbôa, FD, Raimundo, JAG, Loch, T, Meira, Â, Turnes, T, and Caputo, F. A-mode ultrasound reliability in fat and muscle thickness measurement. J Strength Cond Res 36(6): 1610–1617, 2022—This study aimed to verify the reliability of the BodyMetrix portable A-mode ultrasound in measuring fat and muscle tissue thickness. Thirty physically active men participated in daily body composition evaluations. The evaluations comprised 2 techniques: (a) graphic technique (GTBM), which measured the fat thickness at 9 body sites (abdomen, axillary, biceps brachii, calf, chest, subscapular, suprailiac, thigh, and triceps brachii), and (b) imaging technique (ITBM), which simultaneously measured the fat and muscle thickness of 6 body surfaces (abdomen, biceps brachii, chest, thigh, trapezius, and triceps brachii). Regarding GTBM, relative reliability was moderate to excellent (intraclass correlation coefficient [ICC]: 0.81–0.98), whereas absolute reliability was acceptable for abdomen, calf, chest, subscapular, suprailiac, and triceps brachii (coefficient of variation [CV]: 6.9–8.8%) but high for axillary, biceps brachii, and thigh (CV: 12.0–17.4%) in measuring fat thicknesses. Concerning ITBM, relative reliability was good to excellent (ICC: 0.93–0.99 and 0.90–0.98), whereas absolute reliability was acceptable (CV: 3.0–9.2% and 3.5–5.9%) in measuring fat and muscle thickness, respectively. These findings suggest that the, GTBM was only reliable in measuring fat thickness of abdomen, calf, chest, subscapular, suprailiac, and triceps brachii, whereas ITBM was reliable in measuring both fat and muscle thickness in all regions, but showed better reliability values in measuring muscle than fat thickness.
The Effects of Three Correction Strategies of Errors on the Snatch Technique in 10–12-Year-Old Children: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Souissi Mohamed A. , Elghoul Yousri , Souissi Hichem , Masmoudi Liwa , Ammar Achraf , Chtourou Hamdi , Souissi Nizar
Published: August 2020

Souissi, MA, Elghoul, Y, Souissi, H, Masmoudi, L, Ammar, A, Hamdi Chtourou, and Souissi, N. The effects of three corrections strategies of errors on the snatch technique in 10–12-year-old children: A randomized controlled trial. J Strength Cond Res 37(6): 1218–1224, 2023—Sports movement correction is one of the major problems for motor control and learning. Therefore, the purpose of the present study was to determine which of the 3 strategies, i.e., the self-observation method with direct instructions (SO-DI), self-observation alone (SO), or the direct instruction (DI), would be useful for correcting errors during the snatch technique. Forty-eight children with 2 months of experience were randomly assigned to one of 4 training conditions: SO-DI, SO, DI, or control. In this study, the experience lasted 15 sessions. Subjects completed the test sessions before (T0) and after (T1) 12 training sessions and a retention test session after 2 weeks (T2). The Kinovea version 0.8.15 software was used to measure the kinematic parameters of weightlifting performance. After the training intervention, the data showed that the SO-DI group registered a greater improvement in all kinematic parameters compared with the SO, DI, and control groups, and this benefit was present 2 weeks later in the retention test (e.g., the horizontal displacement of the bar in the first pull with respect to the starting position [T1 vs. T0: +32.57 ± 6.69%, d = 1.87, p < 0.001; T2 vs. T0: 25.07 ± 11.55%, d = 1.32, p < 0.001] and the horizontal displacement of the bar between the receiving position and the reference line [T1 vs. T0: 24.34 ± 29%, d = 1.17, p < 0.01; T2 vs. T0: 25.53 ± 30.4%, d = 0.99, p < 0.01]). The results of the present study could have practical implications for physical education teachers because, even if practice is required to improve the technique, the effectiveness of the learning process is essential to enhance learner self-efficacy and motivation.