bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PENGARUH LIKUIDITAS, LEVERAGE, UKURAN PERUSAHAAN DAN PERTUMBUHAN PENJUALAN TERHADAP PROFITABILITAS
Authors: Madi Riski Amalia , Arifin Dedy Samsul
Published: April 2019

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji secara empiris faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi Profitabilitas Perusahaan. Penelitian ini diuji dengan empat variabel independen yaitu Likuiditas, Leverage, Ukuran Perusahaan dan Pertumbuhan Penjualan. Objek pada penelitian ini adalah Perusahaan Property dan Real Esate yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia dengan menggunakan teknik purposive sampling penulis memilih 29 Perusahaan Property dan Real Esate sebagai sampel. Penelitian ini menggunakan analisis data panel diperoleh dari laporan keuangan periode penelitian selama 5 tahun. Penelitian ini menggunakan data sekunder dengan bantuan aplikasi Eviews 9. Hasil penelitian menemukan bahwa current ratio (CR) memiliki pengaruh negatif dan signifikan terhadap return on asset (ROA), untuk debt to equity ratio (DER) memiliki pengaruh negatif dan tidak signifikan terhadap return on asset (ROA), sedangkan ukuran perusahaan memiliki pengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap return on asset (ROA) dan pertumbuhan penjualan memiliki pengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap return on asset (ROA).
Redesain pengelolaan sarana dan prasarana pendidikan sebagaii langkah awal menuju pendidikan yang bermutu
Authors: mardian Vivi
Published: April 2019

Kemajuan teknologi infomasi dan komunikasi memberikan pengaruh yang sangat besar kepada masyarakat di seluruh dunia. Saat ini, berbagai istilah muncul untuk menyebutkan kemajuan tersebut diantaranya zaman milenial, revolusi industry 4.o, globalisasi dan lain-lain. Pendidikan bukan lagi kewajiban tetapi kebutuhan yang harus dipenuhi oleh setiap manusia agar mampu bertahap hidup didunia.Salah satu bagian dari system pendidikan adalah administrasi dan supervise pendidikan. Administrasi dan supervise pendidikan merupakan keseluruhan usaha untuk memajukan system pendidikan baik berupa sarana prasarana, peserta didik, tenaga pendidik dan kependidikan, pengawasan, evaluasi dan penilaian, keuangan dan sebagainya. Redesain sarana dan prasarana menjadi kewajiban setiap calon tenaga pendidik karena admistrasi pendidikan memiliki peran yang besar untuk keberlangsungan sistem pendidikan.
Implementasi Pendidikan Karakter di Pondok Pesantren Modern (Studi Deskriptif Kualitatif Pendidikan Karakter di PPP Qomaruddin Gresik)
Authors: Nafisah Durrotun
Published: April 2019

Penelitian ini berawal dari fenomena degradasi moral yang melanda anak-anak dan remaja yang mayoritas masih berstatus pelajar. Kemerosotan moral ini adalah tanggung jawab bersama seluruh komponen bangsa. Pesantren adalah lembaga formal yang memiliki fungsi pendidikan, dakwah dan perjuangan dalam membentuk karakter anak (santri). Maka penulis tertarik untuk mengadakan penelitian lebih lanjut mengenai implementasi pendidikan karakter di pondok pesantren moderen. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk: 1) mengetahui bentuk pendidikan karakter di pesantren moderen, 2)mengetahui upaya pesantren moderen dalam membentuk karakter peserta didik. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah deskriptif kualitatif. Bentuk karakter yang diterapkan di pesantren moderen selain 18 karakter juga terdapat beberapa karakter melalui hiden curriculum yaitu barakah, ikhlas, tawadlu’, doa, berpakaian sopan, menjaga kebersihan, dan menjaga pandangan dari lawan jenis. Adapun upaya yang dilakukan pesantren dalam pendidikan karakter diantaranya: kurikulum, pembiasaan, pengajian, hadiah dan hukuman, muatan lokal. Pendidikan karakter selain diajarkan di dalam kelas, juga dapat dilakukan di luar kelas. Keberhasilan pendidikan karakter akan didukung oleh contoh yang nyata dalam kegiatan pembelajaran sehari-hari. Sehingga akan melekat kuat pada diri santri.
Isu Global dan Tantangan Pembelajaran Pendidikan IPS
Authors: Sholeh Muh
Published: April 2019

Global issues able to seize the attention of the global community and broad influence, including encouraging community groups take bold decisions. Social Studies stakeholders keeping the spirit of good citizenship, so as to be able to address global issues such well through learning more meaningful to be able to dampen the negative impact of the growing global issue. Social Studies is simplification and the selection of the disciplines of the social sciences and humanities, as well as basic human activity that is organized and presented scientifically and psychologically for educational purposes. Global issues is a challenge in implementing the learning Social Studies. Efforts to address these challenges can be carried out at the institutional level and the classroom level. Institutionally, Social Studies curriculum should be adapted to the global challenges, academic forum intensity increased quantity and quality. At the classroom level, teachers and lecturers need to increase its capacity through training and creative in implementing meaningful learning in order to attempt to produce good citizens can be realized.Keywords: Global Issues, Challenges Learning, Socia Studies
STUDI KATALITIK HERBAL PEMANFAATAN TANAMAN BROTOWALI (Tinospora cordifolia) SEBAGAI OBAT PENURUN KADAR GLUKOSA DARAH (Diabetes Mellitus)
Authors: Maylina Alivia
Published: April 2019

Studi ini bertujuan untuk membuat ekstrak tanaman brotowali untuk penurun kadar glukosa darah (Diabetes Mellitus) dalam tubuh. Metode yang dilakukan adalah eksperimen dan uji katalitik secara langsung. Bagian tanaman yang diambil adalah batangnya dengan uji aktivitas langsung dilakukan dengan bervariasi seperti direbus, dan diminum secara langsung selama 7 hari. Tahapan pertama dilakukkan dengan ekstrak dari batang tanaman brotowali. Hasil eksperimen membuktikan bahwa pada ekstrak batang tanaman brotowali dapat menurunkan kadar glukosa darah (Diabetes Mellitus) dalam tubuh. Penyembuhan ini diduga karena adanya aktivitas katalitik ekstrak batang tanaman brotowali terhadap tubuh sehingga ekstrak daun dan batang tanaman brotowali dapat menurunkan kadar glukosa (Diabetes Mellitus).
Mengembangkan Kecerdasan Sosial Pada Mata Pelajaran Geografi Menghadapi Tantangan Global
Authors: Sholeh Muh
Published: April 2019

Globalization encourages the acceleration of the exchange of cultural, social, economic, political, educational and other components that will have implications for the social order. These challenges must be answered learners through the strengthening of science and technology and the strengthening of social competence. Learners should have a social intelligence that has sensitivity to environmental conditions and in the ability of cooperation. Social intelligence from a geographical perspective directed at the growing awareness and social skills that are aligned with the goal of subjects geography, such as displaying the behavior of care for the environment and use natural resources wisely and tolerance for cultural diversity. To develop social intelligence in a geography lesson can be implemented through cooperative learning and other learning that encourages students to develop social intelligence.Keywords: Social Intelligence, Lessons Geography, Global Challenges
Non-Suicidal Self-injury is associated with Multidimensional Deficits in Interoception: Evidence from Three Studies
Authors: Young Hayley Anne , Davies Jason , Benton David
Published: April 2019

Non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) is the deliberate and direct injury of one’s own body tissue without suicidal intent. As the known risk factors for NSSI predispose to a range of psychiatric disorders, there is a limited understanding of the specific individual differences that result in NSSI. Therefore, in three studies, a multidimensional approach examined the novel proposition that deficiencies in aspects of interoceptive processing represent one such individual difference. Study 1 and study 2 used principal component analysis to explore the underlying structure of the sub-scales from a variety of body awareness questionnaires. Three components emerged that were replicated across both studies; ‘interoceptive and emotional ambivalence’; ‘interoceptive awareness’; ‘interoceptive appreciation’. Study 3 extended the model examining the link between NSSI and the objective interoceptive index; ‘interoceptive accuracy’. Those with a history of NSSI were characterised by a difficulty in distinguishing and interpreting interoceptive signals and this effect was mediated by a low appreciation of these sensations. These effects were reliable across all three studies. In study 3, NSSI was also associated with lower interoceptive accuracy. These data suggest that a failure to accurately detect and conceptualise interoceptive signals may lead to a depreciation of the body, predisposing to NSSI. NSSI may serve to resolve the resulting state of emotional and interoceptive uncertainty associated with the body’s function in emotional experience. These findings offer new insight into the interoceptive processes that underlie NSSI and suggest specific pathways that could be addressed during clinical interventions.
PTSD Near and Far: Symptom Networks from Two to 12 Months after the Virginia Tech Campus Shootings
Authors: Mancini Anthony D , Littleton Heather , Grills Amie , Jones Payton J.
Published: April 2019

Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is unique in its longitudinal focus. To better understand how PTSD develops, we used network analysis in a longitudinal sample of survivors of the 2007 Virginia Tech campus shootings. Participants were 212 women who completed surveys at both two and 12 months post-shooting. Using within-group permutation tests, we found that overall network strength significantly increased and overall network structure significantly changed. Several symptoms saw marked alterations in their network centrality and relations to other symptoms. Psychological reactivity at reminders was the most central symptom at two months but among the least central at 12 months. By contrast, reliving, anhedonia, and physiological reactivity had low centrality at two months but high centrality at 12 months. Findings broadly support memory-based and fear conditioning accounts of PTSD and suggest that automatic situationally-cued symptoms, including reliving, thought avoidance, and physiological reactions, become more central to the network over time.
Embracing open science and transparency in health psychology
Authors: Hagger Martin S
Published: April 2019

Editorial on open science initiatives in health psychology and new measures to promote open science and transparency in Health Psychology Review.
Is Support for Confederate Symbols Motivated by Southern Pride or Racism? Further Distinctions Between “Traditionalists” and “Supremacists”
Authors: Wright Joshua D. , Cheung Irene
Published: April 2019

In two preregistered studies we examine correlates of support for Confederate symbols among White Southerners (Study 1: N = 559) and examine potential negative effects of the widespread removal of Confederate symbols (Study 2: N = 139). In Study 1 we determine that support for Confederate symbols is largely a function of a traditional Southern worldview where cultural notions of industriousness, fairness, discipline, obedience, loyalty, and honor are central. Furthermore, we identify four distinct types of Southerners, including two types that equally support Confederate symbols: Traditionalists and Supremacists. While these groups equally support Confederate symbols, Traditionalists hold non-prejudicial attitudes that do not differ from those who do not support Confederate symbols, whereas Supremacists hold relatively more negative attitudes toward Blacks. These Supremacists are also more willing to engage in activist and radical behavior in support of Confederate monuments relative to Traditionalists. In Study 2 we show that when Traditionalists and Supremacists are exposed to the removal of Confederate symbols, they demonstrate an increased willingness to engage in activist, but not radical, behaviors in support of Confederate monuments, and they display more anger, disgust, and upset emotions. Supremacists, but not Traditionalists, also display hostility in response to the removal of Confederate symbols.
OZA KIOZA
Authors: Setiawan Adib Rifqi
Published: April 2019

The work of women's studies on sexuality generally focuses on sexual harassment or workplace romance to the exclusion of strategic forms of erotic capital. We consider women’s strategic sexual performances as a form of social influence and address the positive and negative consequences that may follow. We provides narrative biography of Oza Kioza as a singer. Then, this review highlights the occurrence and complexities of erotic capital in Oza Kioza's career and discusses the important implications of use her erotic capital (i.e. breast) to influence others or gain desired ends. In so doing, the findings highlight a need for rethinking traditional conceptualizations of empowerment whereby resistance equals empowering and reproduction equals disempowering, and initiates a new direction for feminist scholarship in this regard.
Emerging illegal wildlife trade issues: a global horizon scan
Authors: Esmail Nafeesa , Wintle Bonnie , Rolfe Michael 't Sas , Athanas Andrea , Beale Colin , Bending Zara , Dai Ran , Fabinyi Michael , Gluszek Sarah , Haenlein Cathy , Harrington Lauren A , Hinsley Amy , Kariuki Kennedy , Lam Jack , Markus Matthew , Paudel Kumar , Shukhova Sofiya , Sutherland William J , Veríssimo Diogo , Wang Yifu , Waugh John , Wetton Jon , Workman Catherine , Wright Joss , Milner-Gulland E.J.
Published: April 2019

Illegal wildlife trade is gaining prominence as a threat to biodiversity, but addressing it remains challenging. To help inform proactive policy responses in the face of uncertainty, in 2018 we conducted a horizon scan of significant emerging issues. We built upon existing iterative horizon scanning methods, using an open and global participatory approach to evaluate and rank issues from a diverse range of sources. Prioritised issues related to three themes: developments in biological, information and financial technologies; changing trends in demand and information; and socio-economic and geopolitical shifts and influences. The issues covered areas ranging from changing demographic and economic factors to innovations in technology and communications that affect IWT markets globally; the top three issues related to China, illustrating its vital role in tackling emerging threats. This analysis can support national governments, international bodies, researchers and non-governmental organisations as they develop strategies for addressing the illegal wildlife trade.
Are Universities Left-Wing Bastions? The Political Orientation of Professors, Professionals and Managers in Europe
Authors: van de Werfhorst Herman Gerbert
Published: April 2019

Universities are accused of being left-wing bastions, unwelcoming to conservative and right-wing professors. However, we know little about the political orientation of professors in comparison to other professionals, which would be the right comparison group if we want to know whether universities are potentially hostile environments to conservatives. Examining culturally and economically oriented political orientations in Europe, it is demonstrated that professors are more liberal and left-leaning than other professionals. However, there is no greater homogeneity of political orientations among the professoriate relative to other specific professions, suggesting that there is a diversity of opinions which is similar to what professionals would find in other occupations. One exception concerns attitudes towards immigration, on which professors have more liberal orientations and comparatively low residual variance around that more liberal mean. Importantly, the difference between professors and other professionals is not so clear within graduates from the social sciences, but emerges more clearly among graduates with a medical, STEM, economics or law degree. An important political cleavage exists between professionals and managers, a group of similar social standing.
En contra de la momificación. Los videojuegos como artefactos de cultura visual contemporánea: la emulación y simulación a nivel circuito, a modo de tácticas de su preservación
Authors: Ponce-Díaz Romano
Published: April 2019

Tesis Doctoral del Doctor Romano Ponce Díaz para el Doctorado Interinstitucional en Arte y Cultura, presentada el 28 de febrero de 2019 en La Universidad de Guadalajara en el Centro Universitario de Arte, Arquitectura y Diseño. El presente proyecto de investigación intitulado: En contra de la momificación. Los videojuegos como artefactos de cultura visual contemporánea: la emulación y simulación a nivel circuito, a modo de tácticas de su preservación, en él se aspira a emitir una perspectiva, desde la postura transdisciplinar de los Estudios Visuales, en torno a las problemáticas que enfrentan la preservación y conservación de artefactos culturales y artísticos, frente a la proliferación de piezas diseñadas, contenidas, almacenadas y distribuidas en dispositivos electrónicos con vida útil reducida. Asímismo, considerar el riesgo de desaparecer o sufrir daño permanente, que potencialmente enfrentan las colecciones digitales, al estar irremediablemente ligadas con la iteración tecnológica, la fragilidad organizada, a la incompatibilidad de plataformas, y la vulnerabilidad de los sistemas. Se explorará cómo son los aficionados, entusiastas y coleccionistas que, por encima de las intenciones autorales, comerciales y legales, se han encargado de desarrollar mecanismos de conservación y preservación. Además, centraremos nuestro interés en los videojuegos (los juegos de computadora) y lo que acontece alrededor de ellos como: la emulación, la restauración, la preservación y los fenómenos de fragilidad organizada. Por lo anterior, se nos plantean nuevas perspectivas sobre el concepto de reproducción, mimesis, preservación y conservación, y al medio como un generador de sentido. Lo que nos plantea nuevas perspectivas sobre el concepto de reproducción, mimesis, preservación y conservación, y al medio como un generador de sentido.
Inquiry survey regarding awareness of the faculty members about curriculum
Authors: Piryani Rano Mal , Piryani Suneel , Deo Gopendra Prasad
Published: April 2019

Introduction: The main objectives of this inquiry survey were to get information from the participants of 4th, 5th & 6th teachers training workshop about the types of curriculum implemented in medical colleges in Nepal and whether they possess the copy of curriculum and study it.

Methods: Inquiry survey regarding awareness of the faculty members about curriculum was done during 4th, 5th & 6th teachers training workshop held in February 27–March 3, 2016, September 5–10, 2016, and March 25- 30, 2017 respectively at Health Professionals’ Education and Research Center, Chitwan Medical College, Bharatpur, Nepal. Questionnaire was developed and piloted in 3rd teachers training workshop held in July 26–31, 2015 and subsequently used in 4th,5th & 6th workshop for inquiry survey.

Results: Around 20% participants didn’t respond to question 1 (What types of curriculum is being implemented in medical colleges in Nepal?) and 2 (whether they possess the copy of curriculum and study it?), while around 11% and 18% had no idea on question 1 & 2 respectively. Response of around 20% participants on question 1 & 2 was acceptable while response of around 48% and 42% participants on question 1 & 2 respectively was vague. Two of 45 participants possessed the copy of curriculum while seven of 43 participants seen the curriculum. All participants agreed to have copy of curriculum and understand it.

Conclusion: Majority of the participants didn’t aware of the curriculum, so authors recommended to management to provide copy of curriculum to faculty members and students too.
Evaluation of oral mucositis in oral cancer patients undergoing radiotherapy
Authors: Bajracharya Barsha , Bhattacharyya Subrata , Poudel Pratibha
Published: April 2019

Introduction: The present study was conducted to evaluate oral mucositis in oral cancer patients receiving head and neck radiotherapy.

Methods: Sixty oral cancer patients who had received at least 40 grays of radiation were included in the study. Mucositis was scored by oroscopy using WHO scale. Grades of mucositis were then compared with total dose of radiation received by the patients.

Results: The cases were receiving the mean cumulative dose of standard radiation therapy of 2Gy per fraction, 5 fractions per week. All the patients developed oral mucositis. The majority had grade I mucositis, followed by grade III, II and IV. The grade of mucositis was directly proportional to the dose of radiation exposure.

Conclusion: Oral mucositis occurs among all the patients undergoing head and neck radiotherapy and grade of mucositis is proportional to the dose of radiation exposure.
Incidence of deep vein thrombosis following hip fracture survery at Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital
Authors: Pokharel Bishnu , Poudel Sharma , Shah Lakhan Lal
Published: April 2019

Introduction: The incidence of venous thromboembolism (VTE) in Western population undergoing major orthopaedic surgery without any thromboprophylaxis has been reported to range from 32% to 88%. Recent studies done in Asian population however show variable results ranging from 5% to 50%. No study has yet been done to determine incidence of deep vein thrombosis (DV T) in Nepalese population. The objective of our study was to determine the incidence of DV T following hip fracture surgery.

Methods: This was a prospective descriptive study of 66 patients of 40 years and above who had undergone hip fracture surgery admitted under the Department of Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery, TUTH, Kathmandu, Nepal. Following hip fracture surgery, screening for the evidence of DV T was done on 5th postoperative day with Doppler ultrasonography of bilateral lower limbs.

Results: The incidence of deep vein thrombosis in our study was 8% (5 of 66 patients) in the fractured limb. Three of them were distal DV T and 2 were proximal. None of the patients developed DV T in the unaffected limb.

Conclusion: The incidence of deep vein thrombosis following hip fracture surgery is less in Nepalese patients. Thrombo-prophylaxis can thus be individualized according to other risk factors rather than use routinely in patients with hip fracture.
Mother's knowledge and attitude regarding febrile convultion in children
Authors: Paudel Binita , Rana Gayatri , Lopchan Milan
Published: April 2019

Febrile convulsion is the most common seizure in children worldwide. Between 1 and 4% of children develop febrile convulsion within in 5 years of life. The study aimed at finding out mothers’ knowledge and attitude regarding febrile convulsion in children. A descriptive cross sectional research design was used in which 126 mothers mother of children who are from 6 month to 5 years attending pediatric OPD of Chitwan Medical College- teaching hospital, Bharatpur- 10, Chitwan were interviewed by using semi-structured interview schedule. Data was analyzed by using IBM SPSS version 20. The study showed that, 29.4% respondents were having high knowledge regarding febrile convulsion in children, 53.2 % respondents having medium and 17.5% respondents having low knowledge regarding febrile convulsion in children. There was significant low knowledge regarding predisposing factors of febrile convulsion than other factors of febrile convulsion among respondents. There was no association between demographic variables and knowledge level of mothers on febrile convulsion. None of the respondents were having unfavorable attitude regarding febrile convulsion in children, 25.4% mothers having favorable attitude and 74.6% mothers having neutral attitude towards febrile convulsion in children. The study also reveals that there was significance association between ages of mother (0.000) and number of children (0.009) and attitude regarding febrile convulsion in children. There was positive correlation between knowledge and attitude of mothers regarding febrile convulsion in children.
Mirror of surgeries of gall stones diseases in Lumbini Zonal Hospital
Authors: Thapaliya Narad Prasad , Khanal Krishna Prasad , Poudel Bhuwan , Pokharel Sharad , Sharma Ruckmeni
Published: April 2019

Introduction: Cholelithiasis is common cause for surgical outpatient consultation. Cholecystectomy is most common surgical procedure performed as elective basis in Lumbini Zonal Hospital, Butwal. The aim of this study is to show the mirror of surgeries of gall stones diseases in Lumbini Zonal Hospital, Butwal.

Methods: A retrospective analysis of cholecystectomy performed in Lumbini Zonal Hospital over a period of 5 years (Biasakh 2069BS- Chaitra 2073BS) was done after the approval from ethical committee. Demographic profiles, complications and other required information were retrieved from the documents available in medical record section.

Results: Total of 372 cholecystectomies were done for different spectrum of gallstones diseases during the study period. Most of the patients were female (341, 92%). The age distribution of the operated patients was 17 years to 75 years. Most of the operated patients (190, 51.07%) were in their productive age (17- 40 years). Most common complications found post operatively were chest infection, SSI. Mid hospital stay was 3.16 days (1-6 days). Total bile duct injury was 1 (0.26%) comparable to other studies.

Conclusion: Cholecystectomy is one of the most common operative procedures performed in our hospital with postoperative outcomes comparable to reported outcomes of other institutions of the world.
Perinatal outcomes in adolescent pregnancy
Authors: Dwa Yam Prasad , Bhandari Sunita , Shrestha Devendra , Dhakal Ajaya Kumar
Published: April 2019

Introduction: Adolescent pregnancy is prevalent in Nepal and bears significant consequences to both mother and newborn.

Methods: All pregnant women aged 19 years or less who were admitted for delivery at KIST Medical College during 14th April 2017 to 15th July 2018 were included in this study. Maternal and immediate neonatal outcomes were analyzed retrospectively from their medical records.

Results: There were 135 pregnant adolescent women out of 1300 deliveries. Preeclampsia was observed in 2 pregnancies. Vaginal delivery (99; 73.3%) was the predominant mode of delivery. Emergency LS CS was performed in 35 (25.9%) deliveries and most frequent indications for LS CS were nonprogress of labor (8/35), breech presentation (8/35) and fetal distress (6/35). 10 (7.4%) babies were born preterm. 23 (17%) babies were born low birth weight. 37 (27.4%) neonates were symptomatic and required neonatal admission. Respiratory distress was the most frequent neonatal problem (29; 21.5%), followed by neonatal sepsis (18; 13.3%) and perinatal asphyxia (9; 6.7%). There were 3 (2.2%) still birth and 2 (1.5%) early neonatal deaths.

Conclusion: Adolescent pregnancy was common and associated with increased early neonatal problems.
Pattern of abdominal wall hernia attended in Fishtail Hospital, Pokhara, Nepal
Authors: Ghimire Pradeep , Timilsina Bishowdeep
Published: April 2019

Introduction: All hernias are caused by a combination of pressure and an opening or weakness of muscle or fascia. The pressures push an organ or tissue through the opening or weak spot. Sometimes muscle weakness is present at birth; more often it occurs later in life. Abdominal wall hernias occur only at sites at which the aponeurosis and fascia are not covered by striated muscle. The aim of the study was to know different pattern of abdominal hernias, to analyze various clonal and demographic profiles of various abdominal wall hernias presenting to the mid-western part of Nepal and to evaluate different types of operation and complication performed in hernias patients.

Methods: Hospital based retrospective descriptive study performed in Fishtail Hospital and Research Centre, Pokhara Nepal in October 2012 to July 2017. Ethical clearance was taken from institute and written consent was taken from all the patients who are involved in the study. All sociodemographic data were collected and analyzed by using SPSS 20 statistical software.

Results: In this study period, 492 patients of various types of hernias were operated by various methods. Most common type of hernia is indirect inguinal hernia (94.39%) and one rare spigelian hernia was also there. Right inguinal hernia was more common (58.42%).

Conclusion: Inguinal Hernia was the commonest type of hernia (394, 90.3%). Among inguinal hernia right side was more common (58.42%). Among inguinal hernias, most of the hernias were found in 0-9 years (38.21%). In this study we found recurrence rate 1.4%.
Personal habits and hygiene behavior of students entering nursing education
Authors: Piryani Rano Mal , Shrestha Tripti , Neupane Mamata Sharma
Published: April 2019

Introduction: Nurses constitute the largest percentage of the health care workers (HCW). They spend more time with patients and their compliance with hygiene practices is vital in preventing the disease transmission. It is imperative to know the nursing students’ behavior on personal habits and hygiene before being exposed to the patients during their nursing training. This study was conducted to assess the personal habits and hygiene behavior of first year BSc nursing students prior to their exposure to the patients.

Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted at School of Nursing of Chitwan Medical College in March-April 2015. All 30 students of first year Bachelor of nursing in Science were included in the study. Validated self-administered questionnaire was used for data collection. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 16.

Results: Almost all used to wash their hairs every few days. More than 50% used to wash their hands after using handkerchief. Nearly 77% agreed to have complete bath or shower daily. Forty seven percent used to wash their hands 1-4 times a day. Nearly 77% used to change their shirt every few days and nearly 84% used change their trouser every few days. Majority of the students used to wear tie most of the times and change with clean every week. Nearly 67% used to change their socks every few days. None of them had any objection for getting vaccinated.

Conclusion: The findings might reflect the prevalent practices in teenage girl students. There seems to be some gaps in health hygiene behavior among students entering into nursing education.
Outcome of Acromio-Clavicular joint dislocation operated using clavicle hook plate
Authors: Prajapati Akesh , Sitaula Jyoti , Sharma Bishnu Dev , Shrestha Sujit , Pant Pujan , Rijal Sanjeev
Published: April 2019

Rockwood classification of AC joint dislocation is generally accepted worldwide. Treatment of Rockwood Type 1 and 2 AC joint is non-operative while all authors advocate operative treatment for Rockwood Type 4 and 5 AC joint dislocations. Thirty consecutive patients who underwent operation for acromioclavicular joint dislocation using clavicle hook plate from June 2015 were studied. The dislocations ranged from Rockwood type III to type V. Average follow up time was fourteen months ranging from four to twenty-four months. The outcome was measured using University of California Los Angeles (UCLA) shoulder score. All-the patient had good to excellent result.
Measurement of right pulmonary artery diameter in normal chest radiographs
Authors: Bogati Sabina , Maharjan Surendra , Chand Ram Bahadur
Published: April 2019

Introduction: Many pathological condition and hypertension can be diagnosed by the measurement of the pulmonary artery. Our main objective was to measure the diameter of right pulmonary artery in normal chest radiographs.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was performed in which, a total of 113 cases of chest radiographs were selected from July to October 2014, performed by qualified radiographer and reported by the radiologist. Right pulmonary artery is measured in Computed Radiography (CR) computer console. Obtained data were analyzed using in SPSS software version 20.

Results: Among 113 cases, 52.2 % were male and 47.8 % were female. The mean diameter of the right pulmonary artery was found to be 11.96±2.04 mm, where in male, it was found to be 12.41 ± 2.0 mm and in female, it was found to be 11.46 ± 1.9 mm. The diameter of pulmonary artery was not correlated with height, weight, and BMI at 5% level of significance.

Conclusion: This showed that female have narrower right pulmonary artery diameter than male. There was no significant relationship between pulmonary artery diameter and the height, weight and BMI. There was also no variation of measurement between male and female patients.
Knowledge regarding subfertility among reproductive age women in selected VDC of Baglung District
Authors: Shrestha Ruksana , Shrestha Kopila
Published: April 2019

Introduction: The infertile couples experience stress in relationships with family and friends. They cut off themselves from other as they are uncomfortable to share it and they consider subfertility a private problem. Knowledge is a key factor associated with fertility self-care and initiation of the treatment when needed. The main objective of the study was to assess the Knowledge regarding Subfertility among Reproductive Age Women.

Methods: A descriptive cross sectional research study was carried out to assess Knowledge regarding Subfertility among Reproductive Age Women in Baglung District. Non-probability purposive sampling technique was used to select the sample. Data were collected by using structured questionnaire through face to face interview. Obtained data were analyzed using descriptive statistics like mean, frequency, percentage and inferential statistics such as Chi-square test to find out association between knowledge and selected socio-demographic variables.

Results: Findings of the study showed that majority of the respondents (72.2%) had inadequate knowledge, 25.0% had moderate knowledge and only 2.8% had adequate knowledge. There was significant association between knowledge and types of family at p=0.003.

Conclusion: The findings highlighted lack of knowledge regarding subfertility in women. Thus, knowledge should be provided through mass media, different health campaign for the improvement of knowledge regarding subfertility among reproductive age women.
Attitude and practice of smoking among adolescent
Authors: Shrestha Sabina , Panta Sarita
Published: April 2019

Adolescence is the time between the beginning of sexual maturation and adulthood and considered to be the period between ages 12 and 19. Smoking becomes the major risk factors for various disease and life threatening condition. The numbers of smokers are increasing day by day due to varieties of influencing factors. Therefore, a study was conducted with the objective of identifying the attitude and practice of smoking among adolescent. Descriptive exploratory study design was used to identifying the attitude and practice of smoking among adolescent towards Niharika Shishu Kunja Secondary school, Bypass, Kathmandu. Data was collected using semi structured self-administered questionnaire from 68 students studying in Niharika Shishu Kunja Secondary school. Non-probability purposive sampling was used. This study revealed that All most all (95.6%) of respondents had negative attitude towards cigarette smoking. Majority (69.1%) of respondents were non- smoker whereas 30.9% were smoker. The study concludes that adolescents were influenced to have cigarette with curiosity and experimentation with the companionship of friends.
A recurrent intertrigo: benign familial chronic pemphigus
Authors: Parajuli Niraj
Published: April 2019

Benign familial chronic pemphigus (BF CP) is an autosomal dominant disorder characterized by recurrent vesicles and plaques mostly over the intertriginous areas. The defect is in the AT P2C1 gene which leads to suprabasilar acantholysis. Pregnancy, physical trauma, excessive sweating, skin infections and exposure to ultraviolet radiation are the important trigger factors. Self-medications or over the counter treatment usually makes a delay in the proper diagnosis.
Tuberculosis in patients with chronic kidney disease: atypical presentation and diagnostic dilemma
Authors: Pradhan Ravi R.
Published: April 2019

Tuberculosis (TB) is a serious public health problem, and more common in developing countries like Nepal. Worldwide, it is the second most frequent cause of death from infectious disease. Patient with chronic kidney disease (CKD) under mainte­nance dialysis are more likely to develop TB compared to general population. Given the increasing prevalence of CKD in TB endemic areas, a merging of CKD and TB epidemics could have significant public health implications, especially in low- to middle-income countries like Nepal. Because of increased frequency of extra-pulmonary tuberculosis in patient with CKD, the clinical presentation is atypical and leads to diagnostic dilemma.
Comparison of dexmedetomidine and midazolam infusion for sedation in patients admitted in intensive care unit
Authors: Rajbanshi Lalit Kumar , Arjyal Batsalya , Bajracharya Akriti , Khanal Kanak , Sharma Apurb
Published: April 2019

Introduction: Dexmedetomidine and midazolam are frequently used to maintain sedation in mechanically ventilated patient in intensive care unit. The study compared dexmedetomidine and midazolam infusion in mechanically ventilated patient in terms providing effective sedation.

Methods: This was one year prospec­tive comparative study conducted in 130 mechanically ventilated patients who were randomly divided in two groups receiving either dexmedetomidine or midazolam infusion for sedation. Sedation level was assessed by Riker Sedation-Agitation Scale with the aim of maintaining target sedation score of 3 to 4. The two drugs were compared in terms of sedation level in first 24 hours, time required to achieve target sedation level, hemody­namic changes and adverse effects including ICU delirium. The outcome was measured in terms of duration of mechanical ventilation, length of ICU stays and ICU mortality.

Results: Both dexmedetomidine and midazolam achieved target sedation level in a comparable time duration. The median sedation level for both the drugs was 4 and 3 in initial 4 and 24 hours respectively. Dexmedetomidne produced significant decrease in blood pressure and heart rate (P=0.044 and P=0.007 respectively). Patients treated with dexmedetomidine had less incidence of ICU delirium (odds ratio=2.669, P=0.029).Dexmedetomidine infusion had significantly shorter duration mechanical ventilation (4.10 ± 2.05 vs. 5.15 ± 2.44, P=0.011), early discharge from ICU (6.05 ± 2.02 vs. 7.48 ± 2.42, p=0.001). ICU mortality was comparable between the groups.

Conclusion: Dexmedetomidine and midazolam both were equally effective in maintaining sedation in Critically ill patient. Compared to midazolam, dexmedetomidine could be a preferred sedative in ICU in terms of early removal from mechanical ventilation, early discharge from ICU and less incidence of delirium.
Laser lithotripsy is safe and effective treatment for ureteral calculi
Authors: Shah Rajiv , KC Sudeep Raj , Timilsina Bhusan Raj
Published: April 2019

This is hospital based prospective study done in the urology unit of Chitwan Medical College, Bharatpur. All patients who were subjected for ureteroscopy and lithotripsy were included in the study between January 01, 2018 to May 31, 2018. Hundred patients with 116 stones were treated with the Holmium laser Versa Pulse P20 Laser Lithotripter. Overall stone clearance rate was 97%. The more the stone burden less was the stone clear­ance rate. The major complications were perforation and postoperative fever which occurred in 11% of each case. This procedure is a safe and effective treatment for ureteric calculi and is associated with a low complica­tion rate and a high clearance rate. Laser lithotripsy is the optimum ureteroscopic method of treating ureteric.
Conscious sedation for balloon mitral valvuloplasty
Authors: Sharma Bharati Devi , Deo Gopendra Prasad , Shrestha Indra Narayan , Regmi Shyam Raj
Published: April 2019

Introduction: Analgesia and sedation are required for the comfort of patient and the cardiologist during Balloon mitral valvotomy. Efficacy of analgesia, sedation, and patient satisfaction with conscious sedation and local anesthesia was compared with local anaesthesia only during procedure.

Methods: This was single-centered, pro­spective study conducted in Chitwan Medical College. All 66 patients, who underwent Balloon mitral valvotomy from February 2015 to January 2017, were enrolled in this study. They were divided into two groups by com­puter generated randomization. Thirty three patients received bolus injection fentanyl 1 mcg/kg and injection midazolam bolus 0.02 mg/kg along with local anaesthesia (20ml xylocaine) at femoral puncture site and other 33 patients received local anaesthesia only. Pain intensity (by visual analog score), anxiety score, overall patient and operator’s satisfaction, and effect on cardio respiratory parameters were assessed. Student’s unpaired t-test was applied. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results: Both the groups were comparable with respect to age, gender and pre and post balloon mitral valvotomy mitral valve area. Statistically significant difference was found with respect to anxiety score (1.1 + 0.43 Vs. 1.99 + 0.01), VAS score (operator’s opinion) (9.10 + 0.56 Vs. 7.53 + 1.01) and VAS score (patient’s opinion) (8.54 + 0.87 Vs. 5.55 + 1.14). Fall in systolic pres­sure, diastolic blood pressure, mean arterial blood pressure, and respiratory rate was found in fentanyl group, but the values were within normal limits and statistically not significant.

Conclusion: Conscious sedation with bolus dose of fentanyl and midazolam with local anesthesia at puncture site is better than only local anesthesia during balloon mitral valvotomy procedure to relieve patient’s anxiety and to improve patient’s and operator’s comfort without affecting hemodynamic parameters.
Estimation of ulna length as a predictor of height in Nepalese male adult population
Authors: Sah Rajendra Prasad , Rana Gopal , Bhaskar Ravi Kumar
Published: April 2019

Introduction: Stature estimation from the skeletal remains bears immense importance for the anatomist, an­thropologist for the forensic experts. It is conventionally used long bones, the humerus, femur, tibia, etc. Ulna has also been used for the said purpose since 1952. An attempt was made to formulate a linear regression equation for the estimation of the stature of living adult population from the lengths of their ulna.

Methods: This study was conducted in the M.B. Kedia Dental College Birgunj from January 2017 to December 2017and participants were chosen from among the patients and their attendants in the OPD. The height was measured from the crown to the heel and the length of the ulna was measured from the tip of the olecranon process to the tip of the styloid process. The documented data was calculated by the standard statistical software.

Results: The parameters were tabulated and statistically analyzed. The correlation coefficient (r) was found to be 0.399 (p<0.001) for the left ulna with stature and it was 0.486 (p<0.001) for the right ulna with stature. Supportive regression equations and scatter-plot diagrams could successfully interpret the height from the ulna length of the adult male population.

Conclusion: The ulna being almost a percutaneous bone, it can be used for the prediction of the height. The ulna length provides an accurate and reliable means in estimating the height of an individual. The regression formulae which were proposed in this study will be useful for clinicians, anatomists, archeologists, anthropologists and forensic scientists when such evidence provides the investigator the only op­portunity to gauge that aspect of an individual’s physical description.
Outcome of neonates requiring mechanical ventilation in a tertiary hospital
Authors: Regmi Shanti , Pathak Santosh , Awasti Pusp Raj , Bhattarai Subhash , Poudel Rajan
Published: April 2019

Mechanical ventilation is a key therapeutic modality in treatment of sick neonates. Our hospital based retro­spective study conducted at Chitwan Medical College (CMC), Nepal over the duration of 2 years, from February 2015 to January 2017, with aims to study the clinical profile, indications, complications and outcome in terms of survival in mechanically ventilated neonates. Total of 119 mechanically ventilated neonates were included in the study. Along with admission and discharge register record, all the patient’s record files were retrieved from the medical record section, necessary details were entered in a predesigned proforma and statistical analysis was done using IBM SPSS 20 software. Out of 1306 total NICU admission, total 130 were mechanically ventilat­ed, among them only 119 (9.1%) were included in the study. Majority (71.4%) were male. More than half were Preterm (51.3%) and outborn (58%). Most common indication of mechanical ventilation was sepsis followed by Birth asphyxia (BA), respiratory distress syndrome/hyaline membrane disease (RDS/HMD) and Meconium Aspiration Syndrome (MAS). Overall survival was 45(37.8%). Among the indications during the study period, the best survival observed was in birth asphyxia. Shock and Disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) were the two most common complications encountered during the course of ventilation. Increasing birth weight, higher gestational age and Downes Score at intubation of 6 or < 6 was associated with a better outcome. Shock, multi organ dysfunctions (MODS), and ventilator associated pneumonia (VAP) were the statistically proven individual predictors of outcome.
Health care seeking behaviours of mother having under 24 months old child attending Outpatient Department of Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital, Kathmandu
Authors: Uprety Kamala
Published: April 2019

Health care seeking behaviour of a mother has an important role in reducing morbidity and mortality related common childhood illness amongst under-five children. The main objective of this study was to identify the health care seeking behaviour of mothers who attended tertiary level hospital in Kathmandu for common childhood illness. The study was conducted in the paediatrics out-patient department of Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital Kathmandu by employing a descriptive design under the quantitative research approach. Similarly, a non-probability convenience sampling technique was used in the study in which 151 mothers having 0-24 months (0-2 years old) children attending in OPD were included. Prior to data collection, written approval of the proposal was obtained from Research Department and Institutional Re­view Board, Institute of Medicine and Director of TUTH. The data were collected with the help of interview schedule and analyzed by using descriptive statistics. Result of this study found that 85.4% mothers had information regarding common childhood illness. All respondents were found seeking care when their children got sick. Out of the total respondents, 90% of them took their children in health facility whereas remaining 10% took their children to the traditional healer for treat­ment. Out of the total respondents taking their children in health facility, 80.8% mentioned that the children’s condition was worsened and, among them 65.4% preferred government health facility. Reason for not taking to health facilities were far distance, expensive treatment, lack of money, lack of faith and mothers’ perception of severity of illness. From this study, it can be concluded that the service provided through government health facilities needs to be improved and focus should be given on health education to mother regarding common childhood illness and its severity. Likewise, it is also necessary to increase mothers’ positive attitude and perception toward medical treatment when a child gets sick.