bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Paired-Pulse Parietal-Motor Stimulation Differentially Modulates Corticospinal Excitability across Hemispheres When Combined with Prism Adaptation
Authors: Schintu Selene , Martín-Arévalo Elisa , Vesia Michael , Rossetti Yves , Salemme Romeo , Pisella Laure , Farnè Alessandro , Reilly Karen T.
Published: June 2016

Rightward prism adaptation ameliorates neglect symptoms while leftward prism adaptation (LPA) induces neglect-like biases in healthy individuals. Similarly, inhibitory repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) on the right posterior parietal cortex (PPC) induces neglect-like behavior, whereas on the left PPC it ameliorates neglect symptoms and normalizes hyperexcitability of left hemisphere parietal-motor (PPC-M1) connectivity. Based on this analogy we hypothesized that LPA increases PPC-M1 excitability in the left hemisphere and decreases it in the right one. In an attempt to shed some light on the mechanisms underlying LPA’s effects on cognition, we investigated this hypothesis in healthy individuals measuring PPC-M1 excitability with dual-site paired-pulse TMS (ppTMS). We found a left hemisphere increase and a right hemisphere decrease in the amplitude of motor evoked potentials elicited by paired as well as single pulses on M1. While this could indicate that LPA biases interhemispheric connectivity, it contradicts previous evidence that M1-only MEPs are unchanged after LPA. A control experiment showed that input-output curves were not affected by LPAper se. We conclude that LPA combined with ppTMS on PPC-M1 differentially alters the excitability of the left and right M1.
A Multikernel-Like Learning Algorithm Based on Data Probability Distribution
Authors: Niu Guo , Ma Zhengming , Liu Shuyu
Published: June 2016

In the machine learning based on kernel tricks, people often put one variable of a kernel function on the given samples to produce the basic functions of a solution space of learning problem. If the collection of the given samples deviates from the data distribution, the solution space spanned by these basic functions will also deviate from the real solution space of learning problem. In this paper a multikernel-like learning algorithm based on data probability distribution (MKDPD) is proposed, in which the parameters of a kernel function are locally adjusted according to the data probability distribution, and thus produces different kernel functions. These different kernel functions will generate different Reproducing Kernel Hilbert Spaces (RKHS). The direct sum of the subspaces of these RKHS constitutes the solution space of learning problem. Furthermore, based on the proposed MKDPD algorithm, a new algorithm for labeling new coming data is proposed, in which the basic functions are retrained according to the new coming data, while the coefficients of the retrained basic functions remained unchanged to label the new coming data. The experimental results presented in this paper show the effectiveness of the proposed algorithms.
Treatment of a Periodontic-Endodontic Lesion in a Patient with Aggressive Periodontitis
Authors: Fahmy Mina D. , Luepke Paul G. , Ibrahim Mohamed S. , Guentsch Arndt
Published: June 2016

Case Description. This case report describes the successful management of a left mandibular first molar with a combined periodontic-endodontic lesion in a 35-year-old Caucasian woman with aggressive periodontitis using a concerted approach including endodontic treatment, periodontal therapy, and a periodontal regenerative procedure using an enamel matrix derivate. In spite of anticipated poor prognosis, the tooth lesion healed. This case report also discusses the rationale behind different treatment interventions.Practical Implication. Periodontic-endodontic lesions can be successfully treated if dental professionals follow a concerted treatment protocol that integrates endodontic and periodontic specialties. General dentists can be the gatekeepers in managing these cases.
Flipping a Dental Anatomy Course: A Retrospective Study Over Four Years
Authors: Bakr Mahmoud M. , Massey Ward L. , Massa Helen M.
Published: June 2016

Flipped classrooms have been successfully used to increase student engagement and support student learning in a range of educational fields, including health education. These advantages for student learning supported implementation of the flipped classroom in introductory sciences and preclinical courses in dental education. We report on a 4-year retrospective study which compared two methods of delivery of a first-year dental anatomy course. The first method used the traditional method, consisting of face to face contact teaching hours, which was compared to a partial flipped classroom, where lecture contact was maintained but practical classes were flipped. A series of online videos demonstrating different practical tasks such as wax carving and tooth identification. An online digital library and online quizzes for self-reflected learning were developed and trialled. Students’ Evaluations of Course (SEC) and students’ overall performance in practical and theoretical assessments were used to evaluate the impact on student engagement and success, respectively, after implementation of the modified course offerings. This study evidences the success of the transition to a partially flipped course design. Careful design and consideration of implementation of the flipped classroom method in dental education are recommended to ensure that there is reliable availability of online resources and dedicated teaching staff for construction of resources and delivery of relevant in-class activities.
A Metric on the Space of Partly Reduced Phylogenetic Networks
Authors: Wang Juan
Published: June 2016

Phylogenetic networks are a generalization of phylogenetic trees that allow for the representation of evolutionary events acting at the population level, such as recombination between genes, hybridization between lineages, and horizontal gene transfer. The researchers have designed several measures for computing the dissimilarity between two phylogenetic networks, and each measure has been proven to be a metric on a special kind of phylogenetic networks. However, none of the existing measures is a metric on the space of partly reduced phylogenetic networks. In this paper, we provide a metric,de-distance, on the space of partly reduced phylogenetic networks, which is polynomial-time computable.
A Study on Astrazon Black AFDL Dye Adsorption onto Vietnamese Diatomite
Authors: Dang Son Bui Hai , Quang Mai Vo , Xuan Du Dang , Hai Phong Nguyen , Quang Khieu Dinh
Published: June 2016

In the present paper, the adsorption of Astrazon Black AFDL dye onto Vietnamese diatomite has been demonstrated. The diatomite was characterized by XRD, SEM, TEM, EDS, and nitrogen adsorption/desorption isotherms. The results show that diatomite mainly constituted centric type frustules characterized by pores as discs or as cylindrical shapes. The adsorption kinetics and isotherms of dye onto Vietnam diatomite were investigated. The experimental data were fitted well to both Freundlich and Langmuir in the initial concentration range of 400–1400 mg L−1. The average value of maximum adsorption capacity,qm, calculated from Freundlich equation is statistically similar to the average value of maximum monolayer adsorption capacity calculated from Langmuir equation. The thermodynamic parameters evaluated from the temperature dependent on adsorption isotherms in the range of 303–343 K show that the adsorption process was spontaneous and endothermic. The Webber and pseudo-first/second-order kinetic models were used to analyze the mechanism of adsorption. The piecewise linear regression and Akaike’s Information Criterion were used to analyze experimental data. The results show that the dye adsorption onto diatomite was film diffusion controlled and the goodness of fit of experimental data for kinetics modes was dependent on the initial concentration.
Profiling of 149 Salivary Duct Carcinomas, Carcinoma Ex Pleomorphic Adenomas, and Adenocarcinomas, Not Otherwise Specified Reveals Actionable Genomic Alterations
Authors: Wang Kai , Russell Jeffery S. , McDermott Jessica D. , Elvin Julia A. , Khaira Depinder , Johnson Adrienne , Jennings Timothy A. , Ali Siraj M. , Murray Molly , Marshall Carrie , Oldham Dwight S. , Washburn Donna , Wong Stuart J. , Chmielecki Juliann , Yelensky Roman , Lipson Doron , Miller Vincent A. , Stephens Philip J. , Serracino Hilary S. , Ross Jeffrey S. , Bowles Daniel W.
Published: June 2016

Purpose: We sought to identify genomic alterations (GA) in salivary gland adenocarcinomas, not otherwise specified (NOS), salivary duct carcinomas (SDC), carcinoma ex pleomorphic adenoma (ca ex PA), and salivary carcinoma, NOS.

Experimental Design: DNA was extracted from 149 tumors. Comprehensive genomic profiling (CGP) was performed on hybridization-captured adaptor ligation-based libraries of 182 or 315 cancer-related genes plus introns from 14 or 28 genes frequently rearranged for cancer and evaluated for all classes of GAs.

Results: A total of 590 GAs were found in 157 unique genes (mean 3.9/tumor). GAs in the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway were more common in SDC (53.6%) than other histologies (P = 0.019) Cyclin-dependent kinase GAs varied among all histotypes: adenocarcinoma, NOS (34.6%); SDC (12.2%); ca ex PA (16.7%); carcinoma, NOS (31.2%; P = 0.043). RAS GAs were observed: adenocarcinoma, NOS (17.3%); SDC (26.8%); ca ex PA (4.2%); and carcinoma, NOS (9.4%; P = 0.054). ERBB2 GAs, including amplifications and mutations, were common: adenocarcinoma, NOS (13.5%); SDC (26.8%); ca ex PA (29.2%); carcinoma, NOS (18.8; P = 0.249). Other notable GAs include TP53 in >45% of each histotype; NOTCH1: adenocarcinoma, NOS (7.7%), ca ex PA (8.3%), carcinoma, NOS (21.6%); NF1: adenocarcinoma, NOS (9.6%), SDC (17.1%), carcinoma, NOS (18.8%). RET fusions were identified in one adenocarcinoma, NOS (CCDC6-RET) and two SDCs (NCOA4-RET). Clinical responses were observed in patients treated with anti-HER2 and anti-RET–targeted therapies.

Conclusions: CGP of salivary adenocarcinoma, NOS, SDCs, ca ex PA, and carcinoma, NOS revealed diverse GAs that may lead to novel treatment options. Clin Cancer Res; 22(24); 6061–8. ©2016 AACR.
Colony-Stimulating Factor-1 Receptor Is Required for Nurse-like Cell Survival in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia
Authors: Polk Avery , Lu Ye , Wang Tianjiao , Seymour Erlene , Bailey Nathanael G. , Singer Jack W. , Boonstra Philip S. , Lim Megan S. , Malek Sami , Wilcox Ryan A.
Published: June 2016

Purpose: Monocytes and their progeny are abundant constituents of the tumor microenvironment in lymphoproliferative disorders, including chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). Monocyte-derived cells, including nurse-like cells (NLC) in CLL, promote lymphocyte proliferation and survival, confer resistance to chemotherapy, and are associated with more rapid disease progression. Colony-stimulating factor-1 receptor (CSF-1R) regulates the homeostatic survival of tissue-resident macrophages. Therefore, we sought to determine whether CSF-1R is similarly required for NLC survival.

Experimental Design: CSF-1R expression by NLC was examined by flow cytometry and IHC. CSF-1R blocking studies were performed using an antagonistic mAb to examine its role in NLC generation and in CLL survival. A rational search strategy was performed to identify a novel tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) targeting CSF-1R. The influence of TKI-mediated CSF-1R inhibition on NLC and CLL viability was examined.

Results: We demonstrated that the generation and survival of NLC in CLL is dependent upon CSF-1R signaling. CSF-1R blockade is associated with significant depletion of NLC and consequently inhibits CLL B-cell survival. We found that the JAK2/FLT3 inhibitor pacritinib suppresses CSF-1R signaling, thereby preventing the generation and survival of NLC and impairs CLL B-cell viability.

Conclusions: CSF-1R is a novel therapeutic target that may be exploited in lymphoproliferative disorders, like CLL, that are dependent upon lymphoma-associated macrophages. Clin Cancer Res; 22(24); 6118–28. ©2016 AACR.
Tumor Microenvironment in Gene Signatures: Critical Biology or Confounding Noise?
Authors: Morris Jeffrey S. , Kopetz Scott
Published: June 2016

The tumor microenvironment contributes important information in gene expression signatures but may be susceptible to sampling variance. Mesenchymal signatures in particular may be influenced by sampling of nonrepresentative regions with high stromal content. Appropriate pathology quality control is required to ensure reproducibility of gene expression signatures. Clin Cancer Res; 22(16); 3989–91. ©2016 AACR.

See related article by Dunne et al., p. 4095
Achalasia: From Bench to Peroral Endoscopic Myotomy
Authors: Boeckxstaens Guy E.
Published: June 2016

Achalasia is a primary esophageal motility disorder with an estimated annual incidence of 1 per 100,000 persons. It is characterized by the absence of esophageal peristalsis and failure of the lower esophageal sphincter (LES) to relax upon swallowing, resulting in progressively severe dysphagia for solids and liquids, regurgitation, aspiration, chest pain and weight loss. Achalasia results from a loss of enteric neurons, most likely due to an autoimmune reaction in patients with a particular immunogenetic background. To date, 3 manometric subtypes have been identified based on high resolution manometry. To what extent these subtypes also indicate differences in underlying pathophysiological mechanisms is however unclear. As achalasia cannot be cured, treatment is confined to disruption of the LES to improve bolus passage and thereby relieving symptoms. The 2 most commonly used treatment modalities available for this purpose include pneumodilation and laparoscopic Heller myotomy. Both treatments have been shown repeatedly to be successful; however, success rates decline in time, most likely due to progression of the disease. A recent European randomized trial provides objective data indicating that both treatments are equally effective. In view of these data and the low incidence of the disease, the choice between these 2 treatments should be based on the expertise and experience available. Recently, excellent short-term success rates have been reported with a new endoscopic technique, that is, peroral endoscopic myotomy. However, longer follow-up data are absolutely needed before accepting this technique as a new treatment option for achalasia in clinical practice.
Functional Dyspepsia and Gastroparesis
Authors: Camilleri Michael
Published: June 2016

Background: Upper gastrointestinal disorders typically present with common symptoms. The most relevant non-mucosal diseases are gastroparesis, functional dyspepsia and rumination syndrome. The literature pertaining to these 3 conditions was reviewed. Key Messages: Gastroparesis is characterized by delayed gastric emptying in the absence of mechanical obstruction of the stomach. The cardinal symptoms include postprandial fullness (early satiety), nausea, vomiting and bloating. The most frequently encountered causes of these symptoms are mechanical obstruction (pyloric stenosis), iatrogenic disease, gastroparesis, functional dyspepsia, cyclical vomiting and rumination syndrome. The most common causes of gastroparesis are neuropathic disorders such as diabetes, idiopathic, post-vagotomy and scleroderma among myopathic disorders. Principles of management of gastroparesis include exclusion of mechanical obstruction with imaging and iatrogenic causes with careful medication and past surgical history. Prokinetics and anti-emetics are the mainstays of treatment. Functional dyspepsia is characterized by the same symptoms as gastroparesis; in addition to delayed gastric emptying, pathophysiological abnormalities include accelerated gastric emptying, impaired gastric accommodation and gastric or duodenal hypersensitivity to distension and nutrients. Novel treatments include tricyclic antidepressants in patients with normal gastric emptying, acotiamide (acetyl cholinesterase inhibitor) and 5-HT1A receptor agonists such as buspirone. Rumination syndrome is characterized by repetitive regurgitation of gastric contents occurring within minutes after a meal. Episodes often persist for 1-2 h after the meal, and the regurgitant consists of partially digested food that is recognizable in its taste. Regurgitation is typically effortless or preceded by a sensation of belching. This has been summarized as a ‘meal in, meal out, day in, day out' behavior for weeks or months, differentiating rumination from gastroparesis. Patients often have a background of psychological disorder or a prior eating disorder. Treatment is based on behavioral modification. Conclusion: Precise identification of the cause and pathophysiology of upper gastrointestinal symptoms is essential for optimal management.
Decision Making in Necrotizing Pancreatitis
Authors: Hackert Thilo , Büchler Markus Wolfgang
Published: June 2016

The management of acute necrotizing pancreatitis (ANP) has undergone a change of paradigms during the last 2 decades with a decreasing impact of surgical interventions. Modern ANP management is done conservatively as long as possible and therapeutic approaches aim at volume resuscitation, pain management and early enteral nutrition. The diagnostic gold standard of contrast-enhanced CT scan helps to evaluate the extent of necrosis of the pancreas, which correlates with the risk of tissue infection. The crucial point for decision making is the proven existence of infected pancreatic necrosis. This can be achieved by diagnostic needle aspiration of the necrotic material and staining to prove bacterial and/or fungal infection. In case of infected necrosis - besides calculated antimicrobial treatment - an interventional or surgical approach is required to prevent systemic septic progression of the disease. As the first step, percutaneous interventional drainage and spilling of the necrosis are preferable. In case of insufficient clearing of the infectious focus, a step-up approach must be considered, which implies a retroperitoneoscopic or transabdominal minimally invasive necrosectomy and drain placement. Postoperatively, a continuous lavage should be performed using these drains. In case of further deterioration of the patient or development of associated intra-abdominal complications (e.g. bowel perforation or uncontrolled bleeding), an open surgical intervention must always be regarded as a salvage therapy and this offers the possibility to control complications and perform a further necrosectomy and extensive lavage for focus control. However, associated morbidity (e.g. pancreatic fistula, fluid collections, pseudocysts) is about 50-60% and mortality up to 20%. In summary, ANP is managed primarily by a conservative therapy. In case of infected necrosis, interventional and minimally invasive approaches are the therapy of choice. Open surgery should be considered for patients deteriorating despite other measures and should be postponed as long as possible.
MiR-223-3p as a Novel MicroRNA Regulator of Expression of Voltage-Gated K+ Channel Kv4.2 in Acute Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Liu Xue , Zhang Ying , Du Weijie , Liang Haihai , He Hua , Zhang Lu , Pan Zhenwei , Li Xuelian , Xu Chaoqian , Zhou Yuhong , Wang Leimin , Qian Ming , Liu Tianyi , Yin Hongli , Lu Yanjie , Yang Baofeng , Shan Hongli
Published: June 2016

Background/Aims: Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is a devastating cardiovascular disease with a high rate of morbidity and mortality, partly due to enhanced arrhythmogenicity. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have been shown to participate in the regulation of cardiac ion channels and the associated arrhythmias. The purpose of this study was to test our hypothesis that miR-223-3p contributes to the electrical disorders in AMI via modulating KCND2, the gene encoding voltage-gated channel Kv4.2 that carries transient outward K+ current Ito. Methods: AMI model was established in male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats by left anterior descending artery (LAD) ligation. Evans blue and TTC staining was used to measure infarct area. Ito was recorded in isolated ventricular cardiomyocytes or cultured neonatal rat ventricular cells (NRVCs) by whole-cell patch-clamp techniques. Western blot analysis was employed to detect the protein level of Kv4.2 and real-time RT-PCR to determine the transcript level of miR-223-3p. Luciferase assay was used to examine the interaction between miR-223-3p and KCND2 in cultured NRVCs. Results: Expression of miR-223-3p was remarkably upregulated in AMI relative to sham control rats. On the contrary, the protein level of Kv4.2 and Ito density were significantly decreased in AMI. Consistently, transfection of miR-223-3p mimic markedly reduced Kv4.2 protein level and Ito current in cultured NRVCs. Co-transfection of AMO-223-3p (an antisense inhibitor of miR-223-3p) reversed the repressive effect of miR-223-3p. Luciferase assay showed that miR-223-3p, but not the negative control, substantially suppressed the luciferase activity, confirming the direct binding of miR-223-3p to the seed site within the KCND2 sequence. Finally, direct intramuscular injection of AMO-223-3p into the ischemic myocardium to knockdown endogenous miR-223-3p decreased the propensity of ischemic arrhythmias. Conclusions: Upregulation of miR-223-3p in AMI repressed the expression of KCND2/Kv4.2 resulting in reduction of Ito density that can cause APD prolongation and promote arrhythmias in AMI, and therefore knockdown of endogenous miR-223-3p might be considered a new approach for antiarrhythmic therapy of ischemic arrhythmias.
Gypenoside Protects against Myocardial Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury by Inhibiting Cardiomyocytes Apoptosis via Inhibition of CHOP Pathway and Activation of PI3K/Akt Pathway In Vivo and In Vitro
Authors: Yu Haijie , Zhang Haishan , Zhao Weihua , Guo Liang , Li Xueyuan , Li Yang , Zhang Xingang , Sun Yingxian
Published: June 2016

Background/Aims: Ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury is believed to be the major cause for detriments in coronary heart diseases, but few effective therapies for prevention or treatment of I/R injury are available. Gypenoside (GP) is the predominant effective component of Gynostemma pentaphyllum and possesses capacities against inflammation and oxidation. In the present study, the role of GP in ameliorating myocardial I/R injury was investigated. Methods: effect GP on the cardiac structure of I/R injured rats was assessed by H&E and TTC staining. Then the influence of GP on the cardiac function of rat model was determined by measuring hemodynamics parameters, levels of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and creatine kinase (CK). Thereafter, effect of GP on apoptotic process was evaluated with both rat and cell models. The production of molecules related to ER stress and apoptosis was quantified for revelation of pathways involved in the myocardial protective effect of GP. Results: Impairments in cardiac structure due to I/R injury was ameliorated by GP treatment. And it was evidently demonstrated that administration of GP not only effectively decreased the apoptotic rates in both rat and cell models but also markedly improved the cardiac function of I/R injured rats. In addition, results of western blotting revealed that the GP inhibited ER-stress and apoptosis through the blockade of CHOP pathway and activation of PI3K/Akt pathway. Conclusion: the current study showed the potential of GP to alleviate myocardial I/R injury and preliminarily uncovered the underling mechanism driving this treatment.
Vitamin D3-Supplemented Yogurt Drink Improves Insulin Resistance and Lipid Profiles in Women with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: A Randomized Double Blinded Clinical Trial
Authors: Li Qin , Xing Baoheng
Published: June 2016

Background: Our study aimed to examine the effects of daily consumption of vitamin D3-supplemented yogurt (VDY) drink on insulin resistance and lipid profiles in pregnant gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) patients. Methods: Participants aged 24-32 years in their second trimester were randomly assigned to consume either plain yogurt or VDY daily for 16 weeks. Metabolic and lipid profiles including levels of fasting plasma glucose (FPG), serum insulin, triacylglycerol (TAG), total cholesterol (TC) and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) were assessed at baseline (week 0) and end of trial (week 16). Results: After 16 weeks of intervention, insulin-related variables including FPG and serum insulin levels were markedly lower in VDY group participants. Insulin resistance parameters, such as homeostasis model of assessment of insulin resistance and β cell function, were also significantly reduced in VDY group participants. Moreover, levels of TAG, TC and LDL, as well as the TC to high-density lipoprotein ratio, had also significantly decreased in the VDY group. Conclusion: Daily consumption of VDY drink improves insulin resistance and lipid profiles in women with GDM.
International Genome-Wide Association Study Consortium Identifies Novel Loci Associated With Blood Pressure in Children and Adolescents
Authors: Parmar Priyakumari Ganesh , Taal H. Rob , Timpson Nicholas J. , Thiering Elisabeth , Lehtimäki Terho , Marinelli Marcella , Lind Penelope A. , Howe Laura D. , Verwoert Germaine , Aalto Ville , Uitterlinden Andre G. , Briollais Laurent , Evans Dave M. , Wright Margie J. , Newnham John P. , Whitfield John B. , Lyytikäinen Leo-Pekka , Rivadeneira Fernando , Boomsma Dorrett I. , Viikari Jorma , Gillman Matthew W. , St Pourcain Beate , Hottenga Jouke-Jan , Montgomery Grant W. , Hofman Albert , Kähönen Mika , Martin Nicholas G. , Tobin Martin D. , Raitakari Ollie , Vioque Jesus , Jaddoe Vincent W.V. , Jarvelin Marjo-Riita , Beilin Lawrence J. , Heinrich Joachim , van Duijn Cornelia M. , Pennell Craig E. , Lawlor Debbie A. , Palmer Lyle J.
Published: June 2016

Background—

Our aim was to identify genetic variants associated with blood pressure (BP) in childhood and adolescence.

Methods and Results—

Genome-wide association study data from participating European ancestry cohorts of the Early Genetics and Lifecourse Epidemiology (EAGLE) Consortium was meta-analyzed across 3 epochs; prepuberty (4–7 years), puberty (8–12 years), and postpuberty (13–20 years). Two novel loci were identified as having genome-wide associations with systolic BP across specific age epochs: rs1563894 (
ITGA11
, located in active H3K27Ac mark and transcription factor chromatin immunoprecipitation and 5′-C-phosphate-G-3′ methylation site) during prepuberty (
P
=2.86×10
–8
) and rs872256 during puberty (
P
=8.67×10
–9
). Several single-nucleotide polymorphism clusters were also associated with childhood BP at
P
<5×10
–3
. Using a
P
value threshold of <5×10
–3
, we found some overlap in variants across the different age epochs within our study and between several single-nucleotide polymorphisms in any of the 3 epochs and adult BP-related single-nucleotide polymorphisms.

Conclusions—

Our results suggest that genetic determinants of BP act from childhood, develop over the lifecourse, and show some evidence of age-specific effects.
Transcatheter Interatrial Shunt Device for the Treatment of Heart Failure
Authors: Feldman Ted , Komtebedde Jan , Burkhoff Daniel , Massaro Joseph , Maurer Mathew S. , Leon Martin B. , Kaye David , Silvestry Frank E. , Cleland John G.F. , Kitzman Dalane , Kubo Spencer H. , Van Veldhuisen Dirk J. , Kleber Franz , Trochu Jean-Noël , Auricchio Angelo , Gustafsson Finn , Hasenfuβ Gerd , Ponikowski Piotr , Filippatos Gerasimos , Mauri Laura , Shah Sanjiv J.
Published: June 2016

Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF), a major public health problem with high morbidity and mortality rates, remains difficult to manage because of a lack of effective treatment options. Although HFpEF is a heterogeneous clinical syndrome, elevated left atrial pressure—either at rest or with exertion—is a common factor among all forms of HFpEF and one of the primary reasons for dyspnea and exercise intolerance in these patients. On the basis of clinical experience with congenital interatrial shunts in mitral stenosis, it has been hypothesized that the creation of a left-to-right interatrial shunt to decompress the left atrium (without compromising left ventricular filling or forward cardiac output) is a rational, nonpharmacological strategy for alleviating symptoms in patients with HFpEF. A novel transcatheter interatrial shunt device has been developed and evaluated in patients with HFpEF in single-arm, nonblinded clinical trials. These studies have demonstrated the safety and potential efficacy of the device. However, a randomized, placebo-controlled evaluation of the device is required to further evaluate its safety and efficacy in patients with HFpEF. In this article, we give the rationale for a therapeutic transcatheter interatrial shunt device in HFpEF, and we describe the design of REDUCE Elevated Left Atrial Pressure in Heart Failure (REDUCE LAP-HF I), the first randomized controlled trial of a device-based therapy to reduce left atrial pressure in HFpEF.

Clinical Trial Registration—

URL:
http://www.clinicaltrials.gov
. Unique identifier: NCT02600234.
Increased Cardiac Workload in the Upright Posture in Men: Noninvasive Hemodynamics in Men Versus Women
Authors: Kangas Pauliina , Tahvanainen Anna , Tikkakoski Antti , Koskela Jenni , Uitto Marko , Viik Jari , Kähönen Mika , Kööbi Tiit , Mustonen Jukka , Pörsti Ilkka
Published: June 2016

Background

Men and women differ in the risk of cardiovascular disease, but the underlying mechanisms are not completely understood. We examined possible sex‐related differences in supine and upright cardiovascular regulation.

Methods and Results

Hemodynamics were recorded from 167 men and 167 women of matching age (≈45 years) and body mass index (≈26.5) during passive head‐up tilt. None had diabetes mellitus or cardiovascular disease other than hypertension or used antihypertensive medication. Whole‐body impedance cardiography, tonometric radial blood pressure, and heart rate variability were analyzed. Results were adjusted for height, smoking, alcohol intake, mean arterial pressure, plasma lipids, and glucose. Supine hemodynamic differences were minor: Men had lower heart rate (−4%) and higher stroke index (+7.5%) than women (
P
<0.05 for both). Upright systemic vascular resistance was lower (−10%), but stroke index (+15%), cardiac index (+16%), and left cardiac work were clearly higher (+20%) in men than in women (
P
<0.001 for all). Corresponding results were observed in a subgroup of men and postmenopausal women (n=76, aged >55 years). Heart rate variability analyses showed higher low:high frequency ratios in supine (
P
<0.001) and upright (
P
=0.003) positions in men.

Conclusions

The foremost difference in cardiovascular regulation between sexes was higher upright hemodynamic workload for the heart in men, a finding not explained by known cardiovascular risk factors or hormonal differences before menopause. Heart rate variability analyses indicated higher sympathovagal balance in men regardless of body position. The deviations in upright hemodynamics could play a role in the differences in cardiovascular risk between men and women.

Clinical Trial Registration

URL:
http://www.clinicaltrials.gov
. Unique identifier:
NCT
01742702.
Influence of Distance to Scene on Time to Thrombolysis in a Specialized Stroke Ambulance
Authors: Koch Peter M. , Kunz Alexander , Ebinger Martin , Geisler Frederik , Rozanski Michal , Waldschmidt Carolin , Weber Joachim E. , Wendt Matthias , Winter Benjamin , Zieschang Katja , Bollweg Kerstin , Kaczmarek Sabina , Endres Matthias , Audebert Heinrich J.
Published: June 2016

Background and Purpose—

Specialized computed tomography–equipped stroke ambulances shorten time to intravenous thrombolysis in acute ischemic stroke by starting treatment before hospital arrival. Because of longer travel-time-to-scene, time benefits of this concept are expected to diminish with longer distances from base station to scene.

Methods—

We used data from the Prehospital Acute Neurological Treatment and Optimization of Medical Cares in Stroke (PHANTOM-S) trial comparing time intervals between patients for whom a specialized stroke ambulance (stroke emergency mobile) was deployed and patients with conventional emergency medical service. Expected times from base station to scene had been calculated beforehand using computer algorithms informed by emergency medical service routine data. Four different deployment zones with–75% probability–expected arrival within 4, 8, 12, and 16 minutes and total population coverage of ≈1.3 million inhabitants were categorized for stroke emergency mobile deployment. We analyzed times from alarm-to-arrival at scene, to start of intravenous thrombolysis and from onset-to-intravenous thrombolysis.

Results—

Corresponding to the size of the respective catchment zone, the number of patients cared increased with distance (zone 1: n=30, zone 2: n=127, zone 3: n=156, and zone 4: n=217). Although time to stroke emergency mobile arrival increased with distance (mean: 8.0, 12.5, 15.4, and 18.4 minutes in zones 1–4), time from alarm-to-intravenous thrombolysis (mean: 41.8 versus 76.5; 50.2 versus 79.1; 54.5 versus 76.6; and 59.3 versus 78.0 minutes, respectively; all
P
<0.01) remained shorter in the stroke emergency mobile group across all zones.

Conclusions—

In a metropolitan area such as Berlin, time benefits justify a specialized stroke ambulance service up to a mean travel time of 18 minutes from base station.

Clinical Trial Registration—

URL:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov
. Unique identifier: NCT01382862.
Aidar Sultanov: A ‘Russian European Intellectual’ Against the Formidable ‘Sacrifice of Security to Security’
Authors: Akopov Sergei
Published: June 2016

This work explores the works of the renowned Russian legal scholar and human-rights activist Aidar R. Sultanov. In doing so, we will use an original methodology for our analysis of transnational intellectuals to consider Sultanov’s work in the light of the following four approaches: the ‘we dimension’; the dimension of ‘significant others’; ‘historical narratives’; and key ‘spatial narratives’. We concentrate our analysis not only on Sultanov as a legal scholar and human-rights activist but, even more broadly, as a public intellectual, some of whose cultural and philosophical premises have remained implicit but ones which we believe need to be explored openly and in a broader context. These philosophical premises are taken into consideration, in this article, so as to speculate about the following: what elements of Sultanov’s worldview belong to that of a transnational intellectual and, also, what prompts him to feel obliged to take a stand against attempts to securitize human rights at the national level in the Russian Federation?
Europeanization in a Difficult Environment
Authors: Knezović Sandro , Zeneli Valbona
Published: June 2016

This article examines the impact of the process of Europeanization on the consolidation of political systems and on the pace of European Union (EU) accession in very difficult transitional environments like those of Croatia and Albania. Croatia, a post-socialist and a post-conflict state, and Albania, heavily burdened with the consequences of its recent isolationist history (which is unprecedented among other post-socialist states), were intentionally selected for this research as atypical cases. Acknowledging the lack of consensus about the Europeanization phenomena in the academic community, the authors decided to rely on indicators that focus not only on institution-building and policy-making processes in the technical sense, but also in the processes of construction and diffusion of formal and informal rules, procedures, styles and shared beliefs, norms and identities that are being transmitted from the European to the national level.

Based on qualitative research comparing the two countries – that is, Albania and Croatia – and using a number of indicators, the authors conclude that while Europeanization is an important part of European politics in general and the EU accession process in particular, it does not result in having a uniform impact on different candidate countries. On the contrary, the pace of integration depends on the specific domestic political context, on the role of the institutions, and on the processes of adaptation to the European political environment.
Podochilus warnagalensis (Orchidaceae), a new species from Sri Lanka
Authors: WIJEWARDANA ISHARA H. , PRIYADARSHANA THARAKA S. , ARANGALA NANDUN S. , ATTHANAGODA ANUSHA G. , SAMARAKOON RAKITHA T.B. , KUMAR PANKAJ
Published: June 2016

A new species, Podochilus warnagalensis is described from Adam’s Peak Nature Reserve, Sri Lanka. A key to all species of the genus Podochilus found in Sri Lanka is provided.
Typification of names in the genus Duranta (Duranteae, Verbenaceae)
Authors: PABLO MORONI , NATALY O’LEARY
Published: June 2016

During the taxonomic revision of the genus Duranta, seventeen names were identified to need typification. All related herbaria and different literature concerning each name were studied.  As a result twelve lectotypes, one epitype and four neotypes are designated here, which will contribute to stabilize the nomenclatural framework of the genus. Notes about typifications are provided.
New species of Cladiopsocus Roesler (Psocodea: ‘Psocoptera’: Psocomorpha: Cladiopsocidae) from the Colombian Amazonia
Authors: OBANDO RANULFO GONZÁLEZ , ALDRETE ALFONSO N. GARCÍA , CARREJO NANCY
Published: June 2016

Ten species of Cladiopsocus Roesler were identified among recent collections from the Colombian departments of Amazonas and Putumayo. Eight new species were found, five from Putumayo and three from Amazonas, that are here described and illustrated. C. ramulosus (Enderlein) and C. domesticus (New) were found in the Putumayo department. The number of species in the genus is increased to 28, with two from Angola, and 26 from the Neotropics. An identification key to the males of the neotropical species is included.
Taxonomy and natural history of the myrmecophilous genus Clinterocera Motschulsky, 1858 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Cetoniinae) from China and adjacent regions: definition of species group and revision of the C. discipennis species group
Authors: QIU JIAN-YUE , XU HAO
Published: June 2016

The Asian genus Clinterocera Motschulsky, 1858 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Cetoniinae: Cremastocheilini) is redescribed and divided into four species groups based on adult external characters. The definition of species groups and an identification key to these species groups are provided. The C. discipennis species group is revised, and two species are recognized: C. discipennis Fairmaire, 1889 and C. trimaculata Ma, 1993. Callynomes rufiventris Fairmaire, 1904, Callynomes rufithorax Moser, 1901, Callynomes cruciatus Moser, 1901, Callynomes vitalisi (Bourgoin, 1924), and Clinterocera rubra Ma, 1992 are placed as junior synonyms of Clinterocera discipennis. The male of Clinterocera trimaculata is described for the first time and newly recorded from Vietnam. Diagnoses and illustrations of Clinterocera discipennis and Clinterocera trimaculata are provided, with comments on the intraspecific variations. New distribution records of the two species are presented on a map. Brief natural history notes and host ant Liometopum sinense Wheeler, 1921 (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) record of Clinterocera trimaculata are also given.
Review of the Hispaniolan Parachondria (Chondropomorus) complex (Gastropoda: Littorinoidea: Annulariidae)
Authors: WATTERS G. THOMAS
Published: June 2016

The Parachondria (Chondropomorus) complex in Hispaniola is reviewed. Nineteen species are recognized including eight new species: Parachondria anatolensis n. sp., Parachondria arcisensis n. sp., Parachondria daedalus n. sp., Parachondria heatheraikenae n. sp., Parachondria isabellinus n. sp., Parachondria muchai n. sp., Parachondria silvaticus n. sp., and Parachondria stigmosus n. sp. Distributional and habitat notes are given for additional taxa. Chondropoma marinum “Weinland” Reeve, 1863, is regarded as a nomen dubium. Chondropoma (Chondropomorus) moroni Bartsch, 1946, is reidentified as Crossepoma emilianum (Weinland, 1862). Chondropoma simplex Pfeiffer, 1852, regarded by Bartsch (1946) as a Chondropomorus, is considered a Chondropoma.
Taxonomic and nomenclatorial revision within the Neotropical genera of the subtribe Odontocheilina W. Horn in a new sense—16. Pentacomia (Mesochila) procera (Chaudoir), P. (M.) conformis (Dejean), and P. (M.) proceroides sp. nov. (Coleoptera: Cicindelidae)
Authors: MORAVEC JIŘÍ
Published: June 2016

Results of the author’s revision of the type and other accessible specimens of the hitherto little known and partly confused species-complex of P. (M.) conformis (Dejean, 1831) and Pentacomia (Mesochila) procera (Chaudoir, 1860) are presented. Redescriptions of these externally similar species with lectotype designation of P. (M.) procera are provided, and a closely related species, P. (M.) proceroides sp. nov., is described as a new to science. The synonymy of Odontochila chaudoiri Dokhtouroff, 1887 with P. (M.) procera has been confirmed. Mesochila Rivalier, 1969, with type species Odontochila procera Chaudoir, 1860 (by original designation), is here provisionally maintained as a subgenus of Pentacomia Bates, 1872 (as originally and hitherto classified), although the present revision has disclosed diagnostic characters of a separate genus. The history of the taxonomy and distribution of these three very rare species, which are at present known only from the type specimens and several other, mostly historical specimens from Brazil, as well as illustrations in colour photographs of their habitus and diagnostic characters, are provided.
Prediction of Sea Surface Temperature by Combining Numerical and Neural Techniques
Authors: Patil Kalpesh , Deo M. C. , Ravichandran M.
Published: June 2016

The prediction of sea surface temperature (SST) in real-time or online mode has applications in planning marine operations and forecasting climate. This paper demonstrates how SST measurements can be combined with numerical estimations with the help of neural networks and how reliable site-specific forecasts can be made accordingly. Additionally, this work demonstrates the skill of a special wavelet neural network in this task. The study was conducted at six different locations in the Indian Ocean and over three time scales (daily, weekly, and monthly). At every time step, the difference between the numerical estimation and the SST measurement was evaluated, an error time series was formed, and errors over future time steps were forecasted. The time series forecasting was affected through neural networks. The predicted errors were added to the numerical estimation, and SST predictions were made over five time steps in the future. The performance of this procedure was assessed through various error statistics, which showed a highly satisfactory functioning of this scheme. The wavelet neural network based on the particular basic or mother wavelet called the “Meyer wavelet with discrete approximation” worked more satisfactorily than other wavelets.
Associations Between Cardio–Ankle Vascular Index and Aortic Structure and Sclerosis Using Multidetector Computed Tomography
Authors: Horinaka Shigeo , Yagi Hiroshi , Fukushima Hiromichi , Shibata Yoshimasa , Takeshima Hiroshi , Ishimitsu Toshihiko
Published: June 2016

Aortic pulse wave velocity (PWV) has been accepted as the gold standard for arterial stiffness measurement. However, PWV depends on blood pressure (BP). To eliminate the BP dependency of PWV, the cardio–ankle vascular index (CAVI) was developed. This study aimed to define the relationship between CAVI and aortic atherosclerosis or structure on multidetector computed tomography (MDCT). Patients with (n = 49) or without (n = 49) coronary artery disease were studied. The lumen and vessel diameters and wall thickness were calculated from the cross-sectional area at the pulmonary bifurcation level by 64-slice MDCT. The CAVI was measured within 3 days before MDCT. Multivariate analysis showed that the vessel diameter of the ascending and descending aorta on MDCT depends on age, body surface area, and diastolic BP. The CAVI significantly correlated with the vessel diameter ( r = .453) and wall thickness ( r = .387) of the thoracic descending aorta ( P < .001, respectively). The CAVI was an independent predictor of the descending aortic wall thickness on multiple stepwise regression analysis. These data suggest that CAVI, a simple index, is useful for evaluating thoracic aortic atherosclerosis.
Superbugs versus Outsourced Cleaners
Authors: Litwin Adam Seth , Avgar Ariel C. , Becker Edmund R.
Published: June 2016

On any given day, about one in 25 hospital patients in the United States has a health care–associated infection (HAI) that the patient contracts as a direct result of his or her treatment. Fortunately, the spread of most HAIs can be halted through proper disinfection of surfaces and equipment. Consequently, cleaners—“environmental services” (EVS) in hospital parlance—must take on the important task of defending hospital patients (as well as staff and the broader community) from the spread of HAIs. Despite the importance of this task, hospitals frequently outsource this function, increasing the likelihood that these workers are under-rewarded, undertrained, and detached from the organization and the rest of the care team. As a result, the outsourcing of EVS workers could have the unintended consequence of increasing the incidence of HAIs. The authors demonstrate this relationship empirically, finding support for their theory by using a self-constructed data set that marries infection data to structural, organizational, and workforce features of California’s general acute care hospitals. The study thus advances the literature on nonstandard work arrangements—outsourcing in particular—while sounding a cautionary note to hospital administrators and health care policymakers.
The Effects of Unemployment and Underemployment on Employment Opportunities
Authors: Nunley John M. , Pugh Adam , Romero Nicholas , Seals R. Alan
Published: June 2016

The authors use data from a résumé audit to estimate the impact of unemployment and underemployment on the employment prospects of recent college graduates. They find no statistical evidence linking unemployment spells of different durations to employment opportunities. By contrast, college graduates who are underemployed have callback rates that are 30% lower than those of applicants who are adequately employed. The null effects associated with unemployment and the adverse effects associated with underemployment are robust across cities with relatively tight and loose labor-market conditions. Internship experience obtained while completing one’s degree substantially reduces the negative effects of underemployment. The data support the proposition that employers view underemployment as a strong signal of lower expected productivity.
Radical-Left Populism during the Great Recession: Podemos and Its Competition with the Established Radical Left
Authors: Ramiro Luis , Gomez Raul
Published: June 2016

The 2008 Great Recession has altered party allegiances in many countries. This has been very visible in some of the countries hardest hit by the crisis, such as Spain. The Spanish case stands out as the only one in which a fully newly created radical-left populist party, Podemos, has attracted sizeable support. Its success is more intriguing given its capacity to attract many former supporters of the established radical left, Izquierda Unida. This article analyses what factors explain the support for the new radical-left populist party Podemos, identifying the individual-level features that lead voters to support it rather than an already established anti-austerity radical-left party. As the results show, Podemos supporters do not correspond to the conventional descriptions of populist voters, the losers of ‘globalisation’ and the economic crisis. Instead, a combination of elements – protest, anti-mainstream sentiment and unfulfilled expectations – distinguishes Podemos supporters from the established radical-left electorate.