bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Investigation of mode elements effect and the influence of milling cutter teeth space on technological parameters and temperature field of work on a thin-walled parts workpiece
Authors: Unyanin Aleksandr , Chudnov Aleksandr
Published: January 2024

When machining workpieces of thin-walled parts, the temperature field differs from the field, which is formed during massive workpieces treatment. The reason for this is that machining of a thin-walled billet is interfered with its surface, being opposite to the one under machining. It has a significant effect on the temperature field, since the intensity of heat removal from this surface into the environment is significantly less than heat removal into the underlying layers of a massive material blank. In this regard, the problem of finding a rational mode of the machining process of thin-walled workpieces is relevant. The aim of the study is to determine the effects of the elements of the milling mode of thin-walled workpieces and milling cutter teeth space on the technological parameters of the milling process of titanium alloy workpieces and to develop recommendations for choosing this milling mode. For this purpose, a numerical modeling of the technological parameters of the milling process of blanks of massive workpieces and thin-walled parts made of titanium alloy, was performed experiencing various combinations of feed to the milling cutter tooth, cutting speed and milling cutter teeth space. When machining a thin-walled workpiece, due to less intense heat removal from the cutting zone into the workpiece, the temperatures in the areas of chip contact with the front surface of the tooth, the back surface of the tooth with the workpiece and the temperature of the workpiece itself are higher than when in a massive workpiece treatment. The patterns of changes in the parameters of the milling process of thin-walled workpieces depending on the feed, cutting speed and the milling cutter teeth space are established. With a larger tool stepover, the average and maximum temperatures in the areas of chip contact with the front surface of the tooth and the back surface of the tooth with the workpiece are lower in most of the combinations of mode elements used. Equations that establish the effect of feed on the milling cutter tooth, cutting speed and spacing of teeth on the parameters of the machining are obtained. The results of the study will allow choosing a rational milling mode and spacing of teeth in the work on workpieces of thin-walled parts made of titanium alloy.
The Significance of Socially Constructed Behaviors to Modern Identities on Em Beihold’s "City of Angels"
Authors: Pujimahanani Cahyaningsih , Hasana Firdausy Alya , Rafiuddin Rizal , Pakerti Brillyan Luhur , Pasopati Rommel Utungga
Published: January 2024

This article examines perspectives of modern identities in matters of socially constructed behaviors in the song of Em Beihold entitled City of Angels. People recently are attempting to attain a similar level of status and recognition by imitating these figures in appearances, behaviors, and lifestyles. This idea is also reflected on City of Angels is a song by Em Beihold released in 2020 that tells many people faking themselves by trying to imitate other people's attitude and behavior when she working in Los Angeles. Through qualitative method and explorative approach in cultural studies, this journal analyzes modern people shaping their identities by imitating other people's lifestyle and behavior. It is since people are told to always follow the trends to be more modern. In conclusion, in today’s world there is no more original identity, but constructed by imitating any preferred figure or condition with a certain attitude. Modern identities never stand alone, but are supported by socially constructed behaviors.
Comparison of Women and Prostitution in Woman at Point Zero and Tuhan Izinkan Aku Menjadi Pelacur
Authors: Luzae Luzae , Setijowati Adi , Afdholy Nadya
Published: January 2024

Everyone has their rights from birth, but not everyone has the same degree of freedom as everyone else, especially if they belong to a minority group. Because of this, women have always been subject to male power and marginalized in all aspects. Due to disappointment toward the gender differences and objectification, many women fall into a profession that is considered taboo and dishonorable by society, that is as a prostitute. This article focuses on the feminist studies regarding women and how they ultimately choose the path of prostitution at last as experienced by the two main characters, that are Firdaus in Women at Point Zero and Nidah Kirani in Tuhan Izinkan Aku Menjadi Pelacur. This article aims to compare and describe women's issues related to prostitution in two different countries, which are Egypt and Indonesia. These two countries have the same religious background because both of them have a majority of Muslim population. To complement the research, a comparative literary approach is also employed to identify the similarities and differences to find the factor that determines the female characters to become sex worker.  The results indicate that both of the novels tell the life story of a woman who chose to become a prostitute due to their disappointment in man. Despite the similarity, family issues are a significant contributing factor to Firdaus's becoming a sex worker. As for Nidah Kirani in Tuhan Izinkan Aku Menjadi Pelacur the failure to deal with certain issues effectively. Kirani’s belief in God and the Islamic organization that she thought would show her the real Islam has misled her and because of her disappointment, she turned to be a sex worker.
Framing effects in expert assessments of optimal GDP development
Authors: Suter Manuel , Strahm Noel , Bundeli Till , Kaessner Kaja , Cologna Viktoria , Berger Sebastian
Published: January 2024

The discussion about optimal economic development is a central topic across societies, usually focusing on annual Gross domestic product (GDP) growth rates. This study delves into the psychological implications of different GDP development framings among academic experts. In an online experiment involving 2,051 academic researchers, the present study uncovers significant variations in desired GDP developments depending on the framing of GDP growth. Prompting experts to state optimal GDP growth rates results in substantially larger GDP sizes compared to the desired growth factors over a period of 100 years. This phenomenon holds true across non-economists as well as economists. The findings underscore the importance of the psychological framing of economic growth in shaping individuals' perceptions and preferences. In addition, the research reveals disparities in the preferences for economic development, both between different academic disciplines and between the assessment of low-income and highincome countries.
Hunter-gatherer genetics research: Importance and avenues
Authors: Padilla-Iglesias Cecilia , Derkx Inez
Published: January 2024

Major developments in the field of genetics in the past few decades have revolutionised notions of what it means to be human. Although currently only a few populations around the world practise a hunting and gathering lifestyle, this mode of subsistence has characterised members of our species since its very origins and allowed us to migrate across the planet. Therefore, the geographical distribution of hunter-gatherer populations, dependence on local ecosystems, and connections to past populations and neighbouring groups has provided unique insights into our evolutionary origins. However, given the vulnerable status of hunter-gatherers worldwide, the development of the field of anthropological genetics requires that we reevaluate how we conduct research with these communities. Here, we review how the inclusion of hunter-gatherer populations in genetics studies has advanced our understanding of human origins, ancient population migrations and interactions as well as phenotypic adaptations and adaptability to different environments, and the important scientific and medical applications of these advancements. At the same time, we highlight the necessity to address yet unresolved questions and identify areas in which the field may benefit from improvements.
Apportioning sources of chemicals of emerging concern along an urban river with inverse modelling
Authors: Chrapkiewicz Kajetan , Lipp Alex , Barron Leon , Barnes Richard , Roberts Gareth
Published: January 2024

Concentrations of chemicals in river water provide crucial information for assessing environmental exposure to fertilisers and insecticides, heavy metals, illicit drugs, pathogens, pharmaceuticals, plastics and perfluorinated substances among others. However, using concentrations measured along waterways to identify sources of contaminants and predict their fate is complicated by downstream mixing. In this study, spot measurements of ecotoxicologically relevant chemicals collected along the Wandle, a rare urban chalk stream that flows into south London, UK, are combined with drainage network topology to objectively calculate locations and concentrations of contaminant sources using an inverse modelling approach. Mixing is assumed to be conservative, and the location of sources and their concentrations are treated as unknowns to be identified. Calculated source concentrations of thirteen chemicals, which range from below detection limit (a few ng/l) up to 1000 ng/l, are used to predict concentrations of chemicals downstream. Contaminant fluxes are estimated by combining results with flow gauge measurements. Predicted concentrations and estimates of probable no-effect values indicate that chemical risk quotients are high for insecticides imidacloprid and acetamiprid, and above negligible for the pharmaceutical diclofenac among others. Principal component analysis revealed signatures of two distinct chemical mixtures. First, pharmaceuticals and insecticides were associated with a subcatchment containing a known point source of treated wastewater---the Beddington wastewater treatment plant. Second, illicit drugs and salicylic acid are associated with multiple sources, interpreted as markers of input from untreated sewage including CSOs, misconnections, runoff, and direct disposal throughout the catchment. Finally, a simple algorithmic approach that incorporates network topology is developed to design sampling campaigns to improve resolution of source apportionment. Inverse modelling of contaminant measurements could provide objective means to apportion sources in waterways from spot samples in catchments on a large scale.
Comparing Continuous Methane Monitoring Technologies for High-Volume Emissions: A Single-Blind Controlled Release Study
Authors: Chen Zhenlin , El Abbadi Sahar , Sherwin Evan , Burdeau Philippine , Rutherford Jeffrey , Chen Yuanlei , Zhang Zhan , Brandt Adam
Published: January 2024

Methane emissions from oil and gas operations are a primary concern for climate change mitigation. While traditional methane detection relies on periodic surveys that yield episodic data, continuous monitoring solutions promise to offer consistent insights and a richer understanding of emission inventories. Despite this promise, the detection and quantification ability of continuous monitoring solutions remain unclear. To address this uncertainty, our study comprehensively assessed 8 commercial continuous monitoring solutions using controlled release tests to simulate high-volume venting (e.g., uncontrolled tanks, pneumatics, unlit flares), which accounts for a significant fraction of total emissions from oil and gas systems. The performance of each team varied: when comparing reported results on a second-by-second basis, all teams reported false positive rates below 10\%. For true positive rates, 4 out of 8 systems exceed 80%. In the field test where continuous monitoring solutions identified and reported an emission event, all systems' reliability of identification surpassed 70%. When systems reported there was no emission event, the reliability of non-emission identification varied from 29.37% to 96.15%. Among 5 systems tested for quantifying the daily average emission rate released by the Stanford team, all underestimated by an average of 74.38% emissions. This indicates that their application in emissions reporting or regulation may be premature. The variability in monitor performance underscores the importance of understanding systems' strengths and limitations before their broader adoption in methane mitigation approaches or regulatory frameworks.
Episodic memory contributions to working memory-supported reinforcement learning
Authors: Hong Soobin H. , Zou Amy R. , Yoo Aspen H. , Collins Anne
Published: January 2024

Reinforcement learning (RL) frameworks have been extremely successful at capturing how biological agents learn to make rewarding choices. However, there is also increasing evidence that multiple cognitive processes, including working memory (WM) and episodic memory (EM), support such learning in parallel with value-based mechanisms such as RL. Here, we investigate EM's role in a context where both RL and WM are known to strongly support learning. We develop two new experimental paradigms to isolate EM's contributions, using trial-unique signals (Experiment 1) and temporal context effects (Experiment 2) to tag EM. As predicted, our results across both experiments consistently showed a weak role of EM in learning alongside RL and WM. However, surprisingly, we showed that EM's contributions did not improve overall behavior; instead, participants appeared to primarily encode in or retrieve from EM part of a past trial's information (the stimulus-action choice, without outcome), leading to characteristic error patterns. Across both experiments, computational modeling confirmed a small contribution of traces of past stimulus-action (association) events stored in EM to learning behavior. Our results shed light on the format of EM traces and how they support decision-making.
Modeling the minds of friends: Dorsomedial prefrontal cortex encodes accurate dyadic meta-evaluations about how others perceive us
Authors: Rhoads Shawn A , Marsh Abigail
Published: January 2024

Accurate meta-evaluations of the self—or accurately understanding how other people perceive us—are crucial for successful interpersonal interactions and relationships. In general, people can make accurate meta-evaluations across many social contexts and for many attributes, such as personality traits, abilities, and preferences. Yet it is still poorly understood how the brain accurately encodes others’ evaluations of the self. In a dyadic study design, we recruited pairs of friends who completed trait evaluations about themselves and each other during functional neuroimaging. Participants evaluated themselves, their partner (other-evaluation), and also predicted their partner’s evaluation of them (meta-evaluation). We replicated prior behavioral findings demonstrating that close friends are accurate at making meta-evaluations, and univariate neural findings that the default mode network supports both other- and meta-evaluations. Using dyadic representational similarity analysis, we found high correspondence between neural representations of participants’ meta-evaluations and exemplar models of their partners’ actual other-evaluations in dorsomedial prefrontal cortex. Neural encoding accuracy in this region also increased as a function of behavioral prediction accuracy. These results suggest that dorsomedial prefrontal cortex encodes a model of others’ evaluations, which may facilitate the accurate insight into others’ minds. In other words, it provides an implicit map used to model the minds of our friends.
The baking of preferences throughout the high school
Authors: Alfonso Antonio , Branas-Garza Pablo , Jorrat Diego Andrés , Prissé Benjamin , de Francisco María José Vázquez
Published: January 2024

The purpose of this study is to examine whether girls and boys exhibit different risk and time preferences and how this difference evolves during the critical phase of adolescence. To achieve this, we use a large and powered sample of 4830 non-self-selected teenagers from 207 classes across 22 Spanish schools with very different socioeconomic backgrounds. Alongside time and risk preferences, we also collected additional information about class attributes, social network measures, students' characteristics, and the average level of economic preferences of friends. These measures enable us to account for potentially omitted variables that were not considered in previous studies. The results indicate that there are no significant gender differences in time and risk preferences, but older subjects exhibit more sophisticated time preferences and higher risk aversion. We also perform an exploratory heterogeneity analysis, which unveils two important results: first, cognitive abilities play a critical role in the development of time and risk preferences; second, interaction within the class social network does matter.
Indigenous pig farming in rural areas of Sierra Leone: Practices, constraints and impact on livelihood
Authors:   Department of Animal Science, Njala University, Sierra Leone., Conteh Abdulai Mahmood , Gogra Brima ,   Department of Chemistry, Njala University, Sierra Leone.
Published: January 2024

Poverty and inequality between urban and rural areas remained major social issues in Sierra Leone. These are drivers forcing rural people to engage in feasible livelihood options such as animal husbandry. The current study, that lasted for seven (7) months attempt to investigate pig farming in rural areas of Moyamba district, Sierra Leone. The overarching objectives were to assess the management practices, challenges, and livelihood impact of indigenous pig production. Two hundred and thirty (230) checklists were administered and interview sessions held for farmers from ten (10) randomly selected villages in Moyamba District, Sierra Leone. A total of 1123 pigs were recorded for which 66.5% were owned by women and 33.5% by men. It was observed that basic sanitary practices such as cleaning of the pen, provision of feeds and clean drinking water for pigs, castration and livestock disease management were lacking in the study area. This constitutes a great public health concern considering the link between animal and human diseases in contemporary history. Respondent noted income generation, food and cultural/religious benefits as pull factors for their engagement in the sector. Conversely, results indicates that the lack of credit facility (100%), high piglet mortality (92.2%), lack of or inadequate housing (86.5%), poor and inadequate feeding (86.1%), poor market facility (72.2%), animal cruelty (70.9%), persistence disease outbreaks (64.8%), intermittent theft (64.3%), poor or lack of treatment service (33.5%), lack of improved breeds (16.1%) and ineffective livestock extension services (4.3%) are the factors that undercut the productivity of pig farming in rural areas. The study has shown that there is need to scale up of livestock extension programs for rural areas through timely vaccination campaigns, sustained active case finding and capacity building of farmers to adopt good livestock management practice that will in turn sustain rural livelihood systems.
Productive and reproductive performances of indigenous chicken population and traits preference of smallholder farmers in Bale Zone, Oromia Regional State, Ethiopia
Authors:   Madda Walabu University, College of Agriculture and Natural Resource, Department of Animal and Range Sciences Range Sciences, P. O. Box 247, Bale Robe, Ethiopia., Assefa Belete , Tekletsadik Ermias ,   Madda Walabu University, College of Agriculture and Natural Resource, Department of Animal and Range Sciences Range Sciences, P. O. Box 247, Bale Robe, Ethiopia., Abate Tadesse ,   Madda Walabu University, College of Agriculture and Natural Resource, Department of Animal and Range Sciences Range Sciences, P. O. Box 247, Bale Robe, Ethiopia., Tareke Melaku ,   Madda Walabu University, College of Agriculture and Natural Resource, Department of Animal and Range Sciences Range Sciences, P. O. Box 247, Bale Robe, Ethiopia.
Published: January 2024

A study was conducted on productive and reproductive performances of indigenous chicken population and traits preference of smallholder farmers in Bale Zone, Oromia Regional State, Ethiopia for assessing productive and reproductive performances of indigenous chicken population and farmers traits preference in study area. The study was conducted in five selected districts (Madda Walabu, Delomena, Berbere, Ginnir and Sinana districts) of Bale zone, south east Ethiopia. For this study, a total of 390 household having indigenous chicken population were sampled using simple random sampling techniques. The collected data were coded and inserted on Microsoft excel spread sheet and analysed using SAS software version 9.13. Growth rate and egg production traits are the first and second selection criteria preferred by farmers/pastoralists across study districts. Weight is the main trait preference by farmers/pastoralist both for male and female chicken across all study districts. The average age of indigenous cockerels and pullets at first mating and laying was 4.30 ± 0.1 and 4.50 ± 0.1 months, respectively. The number of clutches per hen and eggs per clutch and total eggs produced per hen per year were 4.0 ± 0.12, and 20.18 ± 0.66 eggs, respectively. The hatchability and survival rate of chicks were 76.25 and 74.35%, respectively. The result of study indicated that farmers/pastoralists in study area were practices different selection criteria and trait preference both for male and female chicken. Therefore, the study suggested that there is an opportunity for genetic improvement through selection and there is a need of in-depth breed characterization and the relationship of trait preference of farmers/pastoralists with economical values of the traits.
Growth and some morphometric dynamism of Schilbe mystus (Linnaeus, 1758) in Asejire Reservoir, Oyo State, Nigeria
Authors:   Department of Aquaculture and Fisheries Management, University of Ibadan, Nigeria., Awopetu T. S.
Published: January 2024

This study examined important population parameters for S. mystus in the Asejire reservoir, Nigeria, which included asymptotic length, growth coefficient, length at maturity, optimum length, growth performance, and mortality rate. This study was necessitated due to the decline in captured fisheries and the need to understand the population structure of the species. For eight months, 306 samples of Schilbe mystus were collected using gillnet from fishermen every two weeks (December–July 2019) and morphometric parameters were taken, after which the samples were preserved in the deep freezer for further analysis. The Von Bertalanffy growth function was used in estimating population parameters obtained from length-frequency data. The length at maturity (Lm) was 14.0 cm, the asymptotic length (L∞) was 23.2 cm, the growth coefficient (K) was 0.66/year, the reproductive load (Lm/L) was 0.6, and the optimal length (Lopt) was 14.1 cm. The total mortality (Z) was 2.22, the exploitation rate (E) was equal to 0.35, and the 1.44/year for natural mortality (M) and fishing mortality was 0.78/year. A slow rate of growth caused by unfavourable environmental conditions is indicated by the overall growth performance(Ø) of 2.6, which was in order to improve the conservation and sustainability of Schilbe mystus and was attributed to adverse environmental factors. The result shows the need to modify the mesh size used for fishing on the water body for optimum exploitation.
Effects of oral administration of Monosodium glutamate (msg) on semen characteristics and sperm morphology of the West African Dwarf bucks (Capra hircus)
Authors:   Department of Theriogenology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ibadan, Nigeria., Boyi Adamu , Oyeyemi Matthew Olugbenga ,   Department of Theriogenology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ibadan, Nigeria., Wahab Abiodun Temitayo ,   Department of Theriogenology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ibadan, Nigeria.
Published: January 2024

Monosodium glutamate (MSG) is a sodium salt of glutamic acid, popularly known as (Ajinomoto) and indiscriminately consumed as a flavour enhancer in various foods. The consequences of Monosodium glutamate consumption on semen characteristics and sperm morphology remain unknown. This study aimed to investigate the effects of MSG on semen characteristics and sperm morphology. Sixteen (16) mature bucks weighing between 10 and 14 kilograms were randomly assigned to four groups (A-D) of four bucks per group. Group A served as the control, while B, C and D served as the treatment groups and received graded doses of 0.25, 0.50 and 1.0 g/kg of the MSG salt at 48 hours intervals for 28 days respectively. Semen was collected from all the groups at the second- and fourth weeks post-treatment using the electro-ejaculation method. The semen was evaluated using light microscopy. The mean semen volume and percentage of progressively motile sperm cells significantly reduced (p<0.05) at four weeks post-treatment in groups B, C and D compared to the control group. Mean sperm count significantly reduced (p<0.05) in group D two- and four weeks post-treatment while the mean percentage liveability only reduced in group D four weeks post-treatment. The significantly observed abnormal sperm morphology was bent mid-piece and curved tail in groups B, C and D, two- and four weeks post-treatment. The total proportion of abnormal cells was less than the acceptable 20%. The sperm volume, sperm motility and sperm morphology reduced across the groups as the dosages of MSG increased. Hence, monosodium glutamate adversely affects semen characteristics; impairs sperm fertilizing ability and may reduce bucks’ fertility. Thus, its continuous application as a condiment in various foods and administration to breeding bucks should be used with caution.
Prevalence of Escherichia coli in retail poultry feeds in Southeastern Nigeria
Authors:   Department of Veterinary Biochemistry and Animal Production, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike, Abia State, Nigeria., Ogbu Cosmas Chikezie , Ezema Chuka ,   Department of Animal Health and Production, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria., Okoye John O. ,   Department of Veterinary Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria.
Published: January 2024

Poultry feed manufacturing and distribution are confronted with feed microbial quality challenges arising from disease outbreaks traceable to contaminated feeds. Lack of feed biosecurity measures at sales depots, exposure of feeds for retailing, and unhygienic handling compromise the microbial quality of feeds. Feed could hence become a source of pathogenic microbes to poultry and humans. This study evaluated the prevalence of Escherichia coli in retail poultry feeds in three States of Southeastern Nigeria using a purposive sampling method. A total of 389 feed samples were collected from four feed types (broiler finisher, broiler starter, chick grower, and layer ration) belonging to 11 feed brands (coded A to K) from retail outlets in Umuahia (Abia State), Abakaliki (Ebonyi State) and Enugu (Enugu State) for the study. Escherichia coli was isolated from some of the feed samples following standard laboratory procedures. Samples from Abia were the most bacterial and E. coli positive (87.7 and 74.6%, respectively) while feed brands G and F (100%, respectively) followed by J and A (80.7 and 72.7%, respectively) were the most contaminated. No bacterial contaminant was detected in brand D while layer ration was the most contaminated feed type (76.8%). The source of samples was significantly related to the frequency of bacterial contamination (χ2: 68.473, p < 0.000 for State; and χ2: 92.765, p < 0.000 for feed brand). Feed brand and feed type did not affect E. coli colony count but colony counts were higher than the permissible level for coliforms in feeds, and values reported for feeds in intact bags. In conclusion, exposing feeds for retailing compromises feed microbial quality. Graded bagging of retail quantities would help to preserve the microbial quality of poultry feeds from factory to farm.
Growth and body morphometric parameters of broiler chickens orally administered varying levels of lemongrass extract, at finisher phase
Authors:   Department of Animal Production, Federal University of Technology, Minna, Niger State, Nigeria., Otu B. O. , Eniwaiye A. A. ,   Department of Animal Production, Federal University of Technology, Minna, Niger State, Nigeria., Dikko A. H., ,   Department of Animal Production, Federal University of Technology, Minna, Niger State, Nigeria., Okolo G. P., ,   Department of Animal Production, Federal University of Technology, Minna, Niger State, Nigeria., Owolabi S. J., ,   Department of Animal Production, Federal University of Technology, Minna, Niger State, Nigeria., Egena S. S. A., ,   Department of Animal Production, Federal University of Technology, Minna, Niger State, Nigeria., Audu F. ,   Department of Animal Production, Federal University of Technology, Minna, Niger State, Nigeria.
Published: January 2024

The study was conducted to evaluate the growth and body morphometric parameters of broiler chickens orally administered varying levels of lemongrass extract at finisher phase. A total of 150 ROS 308 day old broiler chicks were allotted into five (5) treatments containing ten (10) chicks with three replications in a completely randomized design. The diets consist of; T1 control (not administered antibiotic or lemongrass extract), T2 (administered 0.2 mls of antibiotic), T3 (administered 0.2 mls of lemongrass extract), T4 (administered 0.4 mls of lemongrass extract) and T5 (administered 0.6 mls of lemongrass extract). Data were collected on growth performance and morphometric parameters. The collected data were analyzed using the analysis of variance (ANOVA) and the differences among mean were separated using Duncan Multiple range. The results showed that broiler chickens administered varying level of lemongrass extract had no significant difference (p>0.05) in the growth parameters. The average body weight of broiler birds in T3 was significantly (p<0.05) higher as compared to those in T1, T2, T4 and T5. The birds administered varying level of lemon grass extract (T3, T4, T5) recorded higher weight gain and feed intake than T1 (control group) and T2 (0.2mls antibiotic), and were not significantly affected (P>0.05). Feed conversion ratio was significantly higher (p<0.0.5) in T5 (2.82) as compared to T1 (2.81), T2 (2.49), T3 (2.77) and T4 (2.73). Also, for the morphometric parameters, there were significant (p<0.05) differences in average initial body width, final body girth, final shank length and shank length gain compared to other parameters which were not significantly (p>0.05) affected. It can be concluded that the use of lemongrass extract improved the growth performance as well as better performance of the morphometric parameters, and can therefore be included at the levels 0.6 mls and 0.2 mls without adverse effect.
Assessment of body linear measurements of semi-intensively managed Bunaji calves raised during major dry season in the derived savanna zone of Nigeria
Authors:   Department of Animal Production and Health, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, PMB 4000,  Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria., Akinlade J. A. , Ojoawo O.T. ,   Department of Animal Production and Health, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, PMB 4000,  Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria.
Published: January 2024

Survival of semi-intensively managed cattle during dry season is critical towards their successful development. Cattle are of large size that obviously require high volume of feeds, for sustenance and productive purposes. A completely randomized design study over a period of three months during the major dry season (January to March) was carried out. The mean body measurements [chest girth (CG), body length (BL), body circumference (BC), tail length (TL), height at withers (HW) and body weights (BW)] were monitored fortnightly. The calves were allowed to graze in the morning, between 7.00 - 11.00 h and concentrate feed of 2 kg/day was offered in the afternoon on daily basis. Results from the study showed that the all the body measurements for the males increased till 6th week of the study, decreased till 9th week and thereafter increased till the 12th week. The estimated body weight for the males were 113.27 kg and 118.16 kg for the females at the end of the study. The mean CG was 122.89± 3.54 cm, BC was 132.41± 4.45 cm, TL was 81.74 ±2.01 cm, BL 89.54 ± 2.01 cm, HW 102.24 ± 3.22 cm and BW was 125.04 ± 2.89 kg. The correlation coefficient values were generally positive and significant. Highest positive correlations with significant differences were observed in all the parameters except for CG and BL (r= -0.07); and BL and HW (r= -0.57) which were negatively correlated. It was concluded that Bunaji calves would survive remarkably, with improved body measurements and weight gain if managed semi-intensively with available forage and concentrate during the dry season.
Influence of modified feed troughs on performance and feed cost of finisher broilers
Authors:   Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Akwa Ibom State University, Nigeria., Usoro O. O. , Christopher G. I. ,   Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Akwa Ibom State University, Nigeria., Ndak U. U. ,   Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Akwa Ibom State University, Nigeria., Williams M. ,   Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Akwa Ibom State University, Nigeria., Utin E. ,   Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Akwa Ibom State University, Nigeria.
Published: January 2024

An experiment was conducted to study the influence of modified feed troughs on the performance and cost of production of finisher broilers. A total of ninety (90) 4 weeks old birds were used for the experiment. They were divided into three treatments of thirty (30) birds each and replicated three times with ten (10) birds each, using a completely Randomized Design (CRD). The treatment groups were assigned with different feed troughs such that treatment 1 had the Conventional Feed Trough (CFT), treatment 2 had Beveled Edge Feed trough (BEF) and treatment 3 had the Partitioned Feed Trough (PFT). The birds were fed isonitrogenous and isocaloric commercial diet. Feed and water were provided ad libitum. Data were collected on initial body weight, final body weight, body weight gain, feed intake, feed conversion ratio. Carcass characteristics and economics of production were further used to calculate the performance of finisher broilers under the three treatments. The data obtained were subjected to analysis variance and significant means were separated using Duncan multiple range test. Birds fed with the (BEF) showed highest significant (p<0.05) final body weight of 2853.33 g, total body weight gain of 1814.4 g per bird, total feed intake of 3122.96 g and best feed conversion ratio of 1.75 compared with birds under CFT and PFT. The results obtained for carcass analysis indicated that birds under BEF and PFT had significantly (p<0.05) higher weights of breast, wing, back, shank, heart and gizzard than CFT. The BEF gave the lowest unit cost of production of the finisher broiler (N1185.60) against the N1329.84 and N1324.47 for CFT and PFT respectively. The BEF is therefore adjudged best and recommended in controlling feed wastage and improving the performance of finisher broilers.
Comparative effect of African locust bean, baobab and Prosopis africana pulp meal supplementation as natural ascorbic on blood constituent of broiler chickens raised under high temperature
Authors:   Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Federal University Gashua, P.M.B. 1005, Gashua, Yobe State, Nigeria., Lawan A. , Maidala A. ,   Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Federal University Gashua, P.M.B. 1005, Gashua, Yobe State, Nigeria., Mohammed S. ,   Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Federal University Gashua, P.M.B. 1005, Gashua, Yobe State, Nigeria., Sudik S. ,   Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Federal University Gashua, P.M.B. 1005, Gashua, Yobe State, Nigeria., Alhaji M. A. ,   Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Federal University Gashua, P.M.B. 1005, Gashua, Yobe State, Nigeria., Abdullahi U. ,   Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Federal University Gashua, P.M.B. 1005, Gashua, Yobe State, Nigeria.
Published: January 2024

The experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of African locust beans, baobab and Prosopis africana pulp meal supplementation as natural ascorbic acid on blood constituent of broiler chickens raised during the hottest months April-May with an average temperature of about 40°C. One hundred and eight (108) broiler chickens (marshall) were allotted to four dietary treatments replicated three times with (9) birds per replicate in a completely randomized design (CRD). The inclusion levels of the Synthetic Ascorbic Acid (SAA) and Natural Ascorbic Acid (NAA) in the water were 0 g/l, 40 g/l, 40 g/l and 40 g/l designated as treatments 1 (control), 2 (African locust beans), 3 (baobab), and 4 (Prosopis africana pulp) respectively. The experiment lasted for eight (8) weeks. The haematological and biochemical indices of the birds were determined. The result revealed significant (p>0.05) difference in the haematological indices. The serum biochemistry indicated significantly (p<0.05) higher: glucose (163.34 g/dl); cholesterol (183.26 g/dl and urea (4.33 mg/dl) in all the treatments. There were no significant (p>0.05) difference among the treatment for total protein, albumin and globulin. This study revealed that SAA and NAA could be fed to broiler chickens up to 40 g/l without detrimental effect and boost the defensive mechanism of the bird raised in hot climatic environment.
Husbandry practices of livestock farming in the Drâa-Tafilalet region of Morocco
Authors:   Institut Agronomique et Vétérinaire Hassan II, PO Box 6202, Rabat-Instituts, 10101 Rabat, Morocco., Boujenane I.
Published: January 2024

The study was aimed to determine the husbandry practices of livestock farmers in the Drâa-Tafilalet region of Morocco. Five sites in the region were selected. Three to five rural districts, each with one to eight breeders of each livestock species, were randomly selected at each site. A survey consisting total 305 farmers was conducted in 21 districts with 60, 105, 71, 21, 35, 13 farmers of cattle, sheep, goats, camels, poultry and rabbits, respectively. For identification, 31.9% of breeders used ear tags, and 26.3% used notch or fire marks. The study found that 55.4% of breeders kept their animals in barns, 40.2% in "zriba" and 4.38% in open fields. All cattle breeders reported milking their cows, but only 4.72%, 72.1% and 88.9% milked their ewes, does and she-camels (cows), respectively. There were 2.38% of breeders who practiced castration, including 33.3% of sheep breeders, 16.7% of goat breeders, and 50% of camel breeders. In this study, it was found that cattle breeders did not practice castration at all. Natural pasture was used by 19.1% of breeders, especially during the spring and summer months, 21.4% used crop residues, 31.3% straw, 27.2% forages, mainly alfalfa, and 3.09% silage. A total of 83.5% of rangeland breeders kept their herds separate from those of other breeders to prevent mating males from other herds, while 16.5% mixed their herds with those of neighbors. Animals were given water once a day (60.8%), twice a day (25%), once every two days (9.8%), once every three days (0.98%) and 2.94% had access to water all the time. Among the most common diseases were respiratory diseases (30.2%), reproductive tract diseases (10.9%), mastitis (16%), bloat (9.06%), diarrhea (16.3%) and mange/moth (12.4%). Among cattle breeders, 64.9% sold animals, 3.51% sold milk, and 31.6% both sold animals and milk. Breeders of sheep, goats, and camels and rabbits sold 91.3%, 92.5% and 100% of their animals, respectively, whereas chicken breeders sold eggs (26.9%), birds (15.4%) and both eggs and birds (57.7%). According to the study, despite the traditional husbandry practices in the region, successful management programs should consider them.
Socio technical characteristics of beekeeping and honey production in Cameroon
Authors:   School of Veterinary Médicine and Science- University of Ngaoundere-Cameroon, Ngah Osoe Bouli Freddy Patrick ,   Livestock development Corporation-Yaounde Cameroon., Mamoudou Abdoulmoumini ,   School of Veterinary Médicine and Science- University of Ngaoundere-Cameroon., Bouba Adji Mohammadou ,   University Institute of Technology-Ngaoundere Cameroon., Wafo Fokam Agnès Jorelle ,   Faculty of Medicine-University of Parakou Benin., Moffo Frederic ,   School of Veterinary Médicine and Science- University of Ngaoundere-Cameroon., Hamidou liman ,   School of Veterinary Médicine and Science- University of Ngaoundere-Cameroon.
Published: January 2024

From January to December 2022, a study was carried out in Cameroon to have a global overview of apiculture in the aspect of production, technics and finances. In order to achieve these objectives, a sample of 113 beekeepers was surveyed within the country and databases of the livestock, Agriculture Ministries and National Statistics Institute were consulted. The results showed that beekeeping in Cameroon is mainly done by men (76%), and that beekeepers' ages range from 15 to over 60 years old and are either pure beekeepers, practising beekeeping as the only activity or partial beekeepers whose activity is secondary to another. Three types of hives are used by beekeepers with a significant difference between the areas (p<0.0001) namely conical made of straw in the Sudano-Guinean area, trapezoidal made of wood for the Kenyan Top Bar Hive (KTBH) and parallelepipedal for the Langstroth hives and its variants in the bimodal forest and western highlands areas. An average number of 36.18±20.23 hives per beekeeper was obtained, with an annual average production of 14.56±11.68 litres per hive. Sales revenue per beekeeper obtained was 583,015.27 ± 72,369.52 FCFA (1,166.03 ±144.74 USD) with a significant difference (p<0.001) between the areas. This study has given an insight into Cameroonian apiculture and the overall results suggest that the country has one of the greatest potential in the continent with an increase in production over the last five years.
Antiviral efficacies of neem (Azadirachta indica J.) and scent (Ocimum sanctum L.) leaf meals against Newcastle and infectious bursal disease in broiler chickens
Authors:   Department of Animal Science, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Oyo state, Nigeria., Omidiwura B. R. O. , Agboola A. F. ,   Department of Animal Science, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Oyo state, Nigeria., Asipa W. A. ,   Department of Animal Science, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Oyo state, Nigeria., Adebowale I. ,   Department of Animal Science, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Oyo state, Nigeria., Adekunle A. O., ,   Department of Animal Science, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Oyo state, Nigeria., Adeniyi V. O. ,   Department of Animal Science, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Oyo state, Nigeria., Unuofin V. O. ,   Department of Animal Science, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Oyo state, Nigeria.
Published: January 2024

The effects of neem (Azadirachta indica) and scent (Ocimum santum) leaf meals fed singly or in combination on the growth response, haemato-biochemical parameters and their antiviral potencies in broiler chickens were investigated. Two hundred 1-day old Ross 308 unsexed broiler chicks were randomly allotted to 5 treatments, consisting of 5 replicates with 8 birds each. Treatments 1 and 2 were basal diets with no leaf meals, treatments 3, 4 and 5 had the basal diets plus 3% neem leaf meal (NLM), 3% scent leaf meal (SLM) and the blend of 2% NLM + 2% SLM, respectively. Birds in treatments 2-5 were unvaccinated against Newcastle disease and Infectious bursal disease while birds in treatment 1 were vaccinated. On days 21 and 42, blood samples were randomly collected from 2 birds per replicate for haemato-biochemical assay, haemagglutination inhibition and agar gel precipitation tests. Data were subjected to descriptive statistics and ANOVA at p<0.05. At the starter phase, an improved feed conversion ratio (p<0.05) was recorded in birds fed the blend at the starter (1.83) and finisher (1.92) phases and the overall performance (1.88) compared to other treatment groups. The least platelet counts (11.08 ×104/µL) were recorded in birds placed on the blend of 2% neem leaf meal + 2% scent leaf meal while the 3% scent leaf meal group recorded the lowest lymphocyte counts (53.60%). At the finisher phase, lymphocyte counts of birds that received the blend of 2% neem leaf meal + 2% scent leaf meal (63.00%) were higher than the other treatments. In conclusion, birds fed diets supplemented with 3% neem and 3% scent leaf meals singly had haemagglutination inhibition titre values and conferred immunity above the protective threshold against Newcastle disease and produced antibodies against Infectious bursal disease. Birds fed the blend of 2% neem + 2% scent leaf meal diets had improved overall performance.
Analysis of Student Errors in Solving Matrix Problems in Class XI of SMK Muhammadiyah Delanggu
Authors: Salsabila Safira , Utami Nida Sri
Published: January 2024

This study sought to describe mistakes made by SMK Muhammadiyah Delanggu's grade XI students with high, medium, and low abilities when solving matrix problems. It also sought to describe mistakes made by SMK Muhammadiyah Delanggu's grade XI students with concepts, principles, and procedures. This exploration is an engaging subjective examination. The instrument utilized a composed test that included two things, four framework material test questions and meetings were utilized as extra instruments. 14 XI students who had studied matrix material served as the study's subjects. By gathering information from giving composed test questions, understudy mistakes can be distinguished. According to the findings of this study, students of high ability understood the concepts and principles, but performed mathematical operations incorrectly; students of medium ability made procedural errors due to a lack of accuracy in matrix multiplication calculations; and students of low ability made numerous concept, principle, and procedure errors.
Profile of Problem Solving System of Linear Equations Two Variables of MTs Al-Khairat Tomini Students Based on Student Learning Styles
Authors: Raiyan Raiyan , Sukayasa Sukayasa , Anggraini Anggraini , I Nyoman Murdiana I Nyoman Murdiana
Published: January 2024

This research aims to obtain a description of the problem-solving profile of two-variable linear equation systems of MTs Al-Khairat Tomini students based on the student's learning styles. This type of research is qualitative. The subjects of this research were three students in class VIII B MTs Al-Khairat tomini, each consisting of one student with visual, auditory, and kinesthetic learning styles. Data on student problem-solving was obtained from written tests and interviews. This research shows that the subject (IN) carries out the problem-solving plan by the solution plan questions, and the subject did not recheck the problem-solving because he did not understand how to do it. The subject (MA) carries out the problem-solving plan by the problem-solving plan, and the subject can check and solve questions by checking the written answers again.