bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Influence of endotamponade on visual outcome after vitrectomy due to rhegmatogenous retinal detachment
Authors:   N.I. Pirogov National Medical Surgical Center, Moscow, Russia, Fayzrakhmanov R.R. , Sukhanova A.V. ,   N.I. Pirogov National Medical Surgical Center, Moscow, Russia
Published: April 2022

Purpose. To compare the morphological and functional outcome after vitrectomy with gas and silicone oil tamponade due to rhegmatogenous retinal detachment. Material and methods. The study included 59 eyes after vitrectomy with silicone oil and gas tamponade. The 1st group (31 eyes) consisted of cases with silicone oil 1300 cSt tamponade, the 2nd group (28 eyes) – cases with C2F6 gas tamponade. Results. According to OCT data, in patients of the 1st group an epiretinal membrane occurs 4.1 times more often than in patients of the 2nd group (χ²= 4.391, df= 1,p= 0.036), cystic edema of the outer nuclear layer and the layer of Henle fibers was detected only in the 1st group in 16 % of cases (χ²= 4.766, df= 1, p = 0.029), pseudocysts and cysts of INL predominated in the 1st group (χ²= 4.325, df= 1, p=0.029). Fundus microperimetry revealed a lower value of retinal sensitivity in the group with silicone oil tamponade. In zone I it was 20 [13.0; 22.0] and 21 [20; 23] for the 1st and 2nd groups respectively (U = 183.500, p = 0.025). In zone II, a decrease was found in the upper temporal 21 [15.2; 24.5] and 23.5 [21.5; 24] (U = 176.000, p = 0.018), upper nasal 20 [16; 22.5] and 23.5 [ 20.5; 24.5] (U = 138.000, p = 0.002) and lower nasal sector 22.0 [19.0; 23.0] and 23.0 [20.5; 24] (U = 189.000, p = 0.034) for the 1st and 2nd groups respectively. In zone III, the decrease is demonstrated in the upper temporal and upper nasal quadrants, amounting to 23 [20.5; 24] and 24 [23; 25.5] (U =184.5, p =0.027); 22 [16.75; 23] and 23.5 [22.5; 25] (U =184.5, p =0.004) for the 1st and 2nd groups respectively. In zone IV, changes were detected in the nasal sectors, amounting to 21.5 [17.5; 23] and 23.5 [22; 25] (U =137.500, p = 0.002) in the upper nasal sector, 21.5 [19; 23,0] and 23 [21.5; 24.0] (U = 183.000, p = 0.025) in the lower nasal sector for the 1st and 2nd groups, respectively. Conclusion. The use of silicone oil tamponade is associated with lower retinal sensitivity compared to gas tamponade. Keywords: rhegmatogenous retinal detachment, microperimetry, silicone oil endotamponade.
On the issue of the presence of VEGF and eNOS gene polymorphisms in non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy
Authors:   The S.Fyodorov Eye Microsurgery Federal State Institution, Novosibirsk, Chernykh D.V. , Shevchenko A.V. ,   The S.Fyodorov Eye Microsurgery Federal State Institution, Novosibirsk, Prokofev V.F. ,   The S.Fyodorov Eye Microsurgery Federal State Institution, Novosibirsk, Konenkov V.I. ,   The S.Fyodorov Eye Microsurgery Federal State Institution, Novosibirsk, Trunov A.N. ,   The S.Fyodorov Eye Microsurgery Federal State Institution, Novosibirsk,   The S.Fyodorov Eye Microsurgery Federal State Institution, Novosibirsk, Eremina A.V. ,   The S.Fyodorov Eye Microsurgery Federal State Institution, Novosibirsk, Chernykh V.V. ,   The S.Fyodorov Eye Microsurgery Federal State Institution, Novosibirsk
Published: April 2022

Purpose. To analyze the polymorphism of the regulatory regions VEGFand eNOS genes polymorphism and their combinations in patients with type 2 diabetes with and without non-proliferative DR. Material and methods. The study included 200 patients with type 2 diabetes 111 patients with type 2 diabetes without signs of DR and 89 patients with non-proliferative DR. The polymorphism of the regulatory regions of VEGF(rs699947 and rs3025039) and eNOS(rs2070744) genes was studied using restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis and Real-Time PCR by TaqMan probes. Statistical: used by StatSoft Statistica 10.0, SPSS Statistics 23 and the original programs for volumetric processing of bioinformatics. Results. The polymorphism of the regulatory regions of VEGF (rs699947 and rs3025039) and eNOS (rs2070744) genes was studied using restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis and Real-Time PCR by TaqMan. Results: The VEGF-2578heterozygosity and two complex genotypes: VEGF-2578 CA:VEGF+936CC and NOS3-786CT:VEGF-2578CA:VEGF+936CC significantly decreased in patients with DR. Conclusion. The data obtained indicate that the genetic polymorphism of the regulatory regions of the genes analyzed by us can be attributed to risk factors for the development of DR in patients with DM2. A comprehensive analysis of variants of polymorphic gene loci can be used to predict the development of DR. Keywords: non-proliferative retinopathy, VEGF polymorphism, eNOS polymorphism, complex genotypes.
Intravitreal injection of Vigamox® (Moxifloxacin® preservative-free) combined with vancomycin for treating postoperative endophthalmitis
Authors:   «Astana Vision», Shymkent, Izmullaev B.L. , Abdrakhmanov A.K. ,   «Astana Vision», Shymkent, Medet A.A. ,   «Astana Vision», Shymkent
Published: April 2022

Acute bacterial postoperative endophthalmitis is inflammation of the internal eye eyeball tunic with the formation of exudate in the vitreous chamber and / or anterior chamber which can quickly lead to an irreversible loss of visual functions, and sometimes loss of the eye as an organ developing most often after surgical treatment of cataracts. The generally accepted standard of the acute bacterial postoperative endophthalmitis treatment (the “gold standard”) includes vitrectomy, sampling of contents of the vitreous chamber and anterior chamber for microbial analysis, and determination of its sensitivity to antibiotics. Intravitreal injection of Vancomycin at a dose of 1 mg/0.1 ml and Ceftazidim at a dose of 2.25 mg / 0.1 ml at the final stage of the intervention. To date, the choice of antibacterial substances for intravitreal injections remains open. One of the drugs that meet the requirements is Moxifloxacin; antibacterial drug of fluoroquinolone group with bactericidal effect. It is active against a wide range of Gram-positive bacteria and Gram-negative bacteria, anaerobic, acid-resistant and atypical bacteria. Keywords: bacterial postoperative endophthalmitis, intravitreal injection, Moxifloxacin.
Surgical treatment of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment with massive proliferative vitreoretinopathy against the background of cicatricial stage of retinopathy of prematurity. Clinical case
Authors:   The S. Fyodorov Eye Microsurgery Federal State Institution, the Khabarovsk Branch, Khabarovsk, Russian Federation, Khudyakov A.Y. , Kolenko O.V. ,   The S. Fyodorov Eye Microsurgery Federal State Institution, the Khabarovsk Branch, Khabarovsk, Russian Federation,   Postgraduate Institute for Public Health Workers, Khabarovsk, Russian Federation
Published: April 2022

Purpose. Demonstration of clinical case of surgical treatment of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RD) with massive proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR) against the background of cicatricial stage of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP). Material and methods. Patient O. was born at gestational age of 28 weeks with a body weight 1600 g. At age of 4 years, patient diagnosed “retinopathy of prematurity stage II, cicatricial period of the right eye. Subatrophy of the left eye”. At age of 12 years, rhegmatogenous subtotal RD, PVR C 1–12 post, developed against the background of the cicatricial stage of ROP in the right eye. 25G vitrectomy with tamponade perfluorinated compound with replacement for silicone, restrictive laser photocoagulation were performed. Results. Complete attachment of the RD was achieved. The silicone was removed after 6 months. Attachment of the retina was noted during 2 years. Visual acuity (VA) was 0.4. RD recurrence happened 2 years later, VA of the right eye – no light perception. 25G vitrectomy with membrane removal and “Pfocalin” tamponade was performed. During staged surgery: “Pfocalin” was removed, laser photocoagulation and silicone tamponade were performed. VA on the 3rd day – 0.1. Intraocular pressure – 14 mm Hg. After 1 month, the VA of the right eye is 0.1. After 6 months, the VA is 0.2, the retina is attach. Conclusions. 1. Rhegmatogenous RD develops with varying degrees of cicatricial ROP. 2. Despite the successful RD surgery against the background of cicatricial ROP, the stability of visual functions and retinal status, in the long-term period, RD recurrence is possible due to development of severe PVR. 3. The decision to terminate silicone tamponade in such cases should be made on an individual basis. 4. Based on the foregoing, long-term monitoring of patients with regressed stages of ROP is required. Keywords: retinopathy of prematurity, retinal detachment, proliferative vitreoretinopathy.
Laser treatment of retinal arterial macroaneurism complicated by macular
Authors:   S.N. Fedorov NMRC «MNTK Eye Microsurgery», Volgograd Branch, Guro M.Y. , Khzardzhan Y.Y. ,   S.N. Fedorov NMRC «MNTK Eye Microsurgery», Volgograd Branch, Balalin A.S. ,   S.N. Fedorov NMRC «MNTK Eye Microsurgery», Volgograd Branch
Published: April 2022

Purpose. To evaluate the effectiveness of combined laser treatment of retinal arterial macroaneurysm (RAM). Material and methods. 9 patients (9 eyes) aged 61 to 85 years old with a diagnosis of RAM and macular edema (ME) were examined. All patients underwent combined laser treatment, including threshold laser coagulation perifocal the RAM zone and subthreshold micropulse laser (SML) in the areas of edema. Angio-OCT was perfomed a month later and, if residual edema was detected, SML was repeated without additional threshold laser coagulation. Results. The best corrected visual acuity increased by 47 % (0.55 ± 0.252), the NE thickness in the RAM zone decreased by 24 % (316 ± 46.4µm), MO – by 21% (276.3 ± 10.9µm) one month after laser treatment. Conclusion. The proposed combined method of RAM laser treatment allows not only to reduce the transudative activity of RAM, but also to stimulate the resorption of ME, which leads to an improvement in visual functions and stabilization of the retinal state. Keywords: retinal arterial macroaneurysm, laser coagulation, SML.
Changes of the lens-iris diaphragm produced by three loading intravitreal anti-vascular growth factor injections
Authors:   Research Institute of Eye Diseases, Moscow, Andreeva Y.S. , Shelankova A.V. ,   Research Institute of Eye Diseases, Moscow, Plyukhova A.A. ,   Research Institute of Eye Diseases, Moscow, Afanasyeva M.A. ,   Research Institute of Eye Diseases, Moscow, Khalatyan A.S. ,   Research Institute of Eye Diseases, Moscow, Budzinskaya M.V. ,   Research Institute of Eye Diseases, Moscow
Published: April 2022

Purpose. To use anterior segment optical coherence tomography (AS-OCT) to evaluate the lens-iris diaphragm after intravitreal injections (IVI) of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF). Material and methods. Twenty patients scheduled for IVI of anti-VEGF for the treatment of neovascular age-related macular degeneration (NVAMD) were enrolled in this study. All patients underwent a standard ophthalmological examination and AS-OCT. Intraocular pressure (IOP) was measured before IVI, after 1 minute, 30 minutes and after 3 hours. Results. The average thickness of the lens was 5.65 ± 0.7 mm. The mean anterior chamber (AC) depth before IVI was 2.584 ± 0.33 mm, one month after the 1 st IVI was 2.563 ± 0.34 mm, one month after the 3 rd IVI was 2.543 ± 0.34 mm; there was a significant decrease in the size of the AC depth after three injections by an average of 0.0409 ± 0.03 mm (p < 0.05), and a lower AC depth was associated with a greater rise in IOP immediately after the injection ( = 0,412, p < 0,05). There is significant narrowing of the temporal and nasal anterior chamber angle in the meridian 0–180° before the treatment and one month after three loading doses (p < 0,05). Conclusions. After three loading IVI, there are significant changes in the lens-iris diaphragm were observed in patients with NVAMD according to AS-OCT data. It is necessary to analyse long-term results in a larger sample of patients to further study the mechanisms of increased IOP after IVI. Keywords: anti-VEGF drugs, intravitreal injection, intraocular pressure, lens-iris diaphragm.
Relation of functional results on the initial state of the retinal pigment epithelium
Authors:   Research Institute of Eye Diseases, Moscow, Budzinskaya M.V. , Plyukhova A.A. ,   Research Institute of Eye Diseases, Moscow, Khalatyan A.S. ,   Research Institute of Eye Diseases, Moscow
Published: April 2022

Purpose. To analyze the effect of various types of macular atrophy on the best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and the central retinal zone thickness at the end of the first year of anti-VEGF therapy. Material and methods. The total number of patients included in the study was 219 (219 eyes). Results. The central zone thickness in the first group before treatment was 488.5 ± 178.2µm, in the second group – 455.9 ± 190.4µm; at the end of 1 year of treatment there was a decrease in both groups due to the edema resorption: 342.52 ± 114.62µm and 393.12 ± 113.28µm, respectively. Anti-VEGF therapy affects the resorption of macular edema, thereby preventing loss of visual acuity, but does not affect the development of macular atrophy. Conclusion. Due to anti-VEGF therapy, a BCVA increase is possible due to fluid resorption, but in patients with photoreceptor atrophy, visual acuity does not increase. Keywords: age-related macular degeneration, anti-VEGF therapy, retinal pigment epithelium, macular atrophy.
Dynamics of ophthalmoscopic signs of cytomegalovirus retinitis
Authors:   Dmitry Rogachev National Research Center of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology, Pershin B.S.
Published: April 2022

Purpose. To systematize ophthalmoscopic data in patients with cytomegalovirus retinitis (CMVR). Material and methods. 48 patients (86 eyes) with CMVR, which developed in the period after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Fundus images were photographed weekly from the moment of manifestation until the remission of retinonecrosis was achieved. The analysis was performed using the ANOVA test. Results. As a result of the analysis, the stages of development of retinonecrosis were identified: 1) white lesions with uneven edges, 2) white/yellow lesions with smooth edges, 3) white/yellow lesions with smooth edges, and pigment epithelium dispersion, 4) healing of lesions. Two healing scenarios have been identified: favorable and unfavorable, which differ in the area of atrophic changes and dispersion of the pigment epithelium. Conclusion. In those cases when, upon detection of retinonecrosis, foci with even boundaries or with a demarcation line of dispersion of the pigment epithelium are detected, this pathological process has already been developing for some time by the time of diagnosis. Keywords: cytomegalovirus retinitis, retinonecrosis, ophthalmoscopy
Tactics of management and surgical treatment of the posterior form iii and iv stages of primary persistent hyperplastic vitreous body syndrome in children
Authors:   Russian Сhildren's Clinical Hospital of Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia, Kuznetsova Y.D. , Astasheva I.B. ,   Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Khatsenko I.E. ,   Morozov Children's City Clinical Hospital, Moscow, Zvereva A.N. ,   Russian Сhildren's Clinical Hospital of Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia
Published: April 2022

Persistent hyperplastic primary vitreous syndrome (PHPV) is a rare congenital anomaly associated with impaired regression of the primary embryonic vitreous. There is still no unequivocal opinion on the advisability and terms of surgical treatment of the posterior form of severe III and IV stages of PHPV. Objective. To determine the optimal tactics for the treatment of the posterior form III and IV stages of PHPV syndrome in children. Material and methods. During 2017-2021 we examined and performed surgical intervention in 18 children with PHPV syndrome (18 eyes). The first group – children under 2 years with III stage of PHPV, the second group – children under 1 year with IV stage of PHPV, the third group – children from 3 to 6 years with III and IV stage of PHPV not operated and operated at an early age with late complications of PHPV. All children underwent microinvasive lens extraction or extraction of the complicated cataract, separation of the fibrovascular membrane, removal of the retrolental membrane, if presents, vitrectomy (transciliary 3-port surgery 23-25 G). According to indications, reconstruction of the anterior chamber, intraocular lens implantation, scleral buckling, and antiglaucomatous surgery were carried out. Results. In children with III stage of PHPV during the surgery at an early age in 91.0 % of cases the process is stabilized, the traction component is completely eliminated, the retina is fully attached and visual functions are preserved. In children with IV stage of PHPV the restoration of the anterior chamber, complete elimination of the traction component, decrease in the height and area of retinal detachment and increase in the anterior-posterior size of the eyeball were achieved in all cases. While late surgical treatment of PHPV and secondary complications, it was not possible to achieve a positive result in retinal reattachment. Conclusions. 1. In III and IV stages of PHPV it is necessary to perform surgical treatment up to 1 year with an organ-preserving purpose as the disease may progress with the development of complications, which, if left untreated, can lead to complete loss of the eye as an organ. The terms, volume and stages of surgical treatment depend on the degree and clinical picture of the disease. 2. Children with PHPV syndrome should be constantly under the supervision of an ophthalmologist due to high risk of late complications. Keywords: persistent hyperplastic primary vitreous syndrome, fibrovascular membrane, intraocular lens implantation, vitrectomy.
Laser treatments of active retinopathy of prematurity: from single pulse mode to navigation
Authors:   The S. Fyodorov Eye Microsurgery Federal State Institution, the Kaluga Branch, Kaluga, Tereshchenko A.V. , Sidorova Y.A. ,   The S. Fyodorov Eye Microsurgery Federal State Institution, the Kaluga Branch, Kaluga, Trifanenkova I.G. ,   The S. Fyodorov Eye Microsurgery Federal State Institution, the Kaluga Branch, Kaluga
Published: April 2022

Purposе. Тo present the stages of development of laser technologies for the treatment of active retinopathy of prematurity at the S. Fyodorov Eye Microsurgery Federal State Institution, the Kaluga Branch. Material and methods. Transpupillary laser photocoagulation of the retina was performed in 1546 children (2523 eyes) with active ROP from 2004 to 2021. Laser coagulation of the retina was carried out on various stationary laser ophthalmocoagulators acting in green and yellow spectra with a wavelength of 532 nm, 561 nm and 577 nm. Indications for laser treatment were the 2 nd and the 3 rd stage of the disease with an unfavorable course, the stage of early clinical manifestations, and the stage of manifestation of aggressive posterior ROP. Results. As the technology of retinal laser photocoagulation improved in patients with active ROP, the efficiency naturally increased and the duration of laser treatment decreased. Currently, the effectiveness of transpupillary laser coagulation of the retina using a hexagonal pattern has made it possible to achieve regression of the disease at the 2 nd stage with an unfavorable course in 100 % of cases, at the 3 rd stage with an unfavorable course type – in 97 %. The time for laser coagulation of the retina for the 2 nd stage was 6 ± 2 minutes, for the 3 rd stage it was 8 ± 3 minutes. Navigation assisted laser coagulation of the retina is the latest trend in laser treatment of active ROP. Conclusion. Permanent improvement of laser ophthalmocoagulators and the introduction of new methods of laser coagulation into clinical practice determine their continuous progress in achieving the maximum percentage of regression of active ROP with a minimum duration of the treatment session. Keywords: retinal laser photocoagulation, retinopathy of prematurity, ophthalmocoagulator.
Screening, monitoring and treatment of premature babies
Authors:   The S.Fyodorov Eye Microsurgery Federal State Institution, Novosibirsk, Sharokhin M.A. , Mamulat D.R. ,   The S.Fyodorov Eye Microsurgery Federal State Institution, Novosibirsk, Belousova K.A. ,   The S.Fyodorov Eye Microsurgery Federal State Institution, Novosibirsk, Plisov I.L. ,   The S.Fyodorov Eye Microsurgery Federal State Institution, Novosibirsk, Soloveva V.V. ,   The S.Fyodorov Eye Microsurgery Federal State Institution, Novosibirsk
Published: April 2022

Purpose. Тo analyze of the effectiveness of the screening, monitoring and treatment of premature babies. Material and methods. From 2012 to 2021 we observed 2298 preterm infants. Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) was revealed in 796 cases (34.64 %), 34 of them with aggressive posterior ROP (AP-ROP) (4.27 %). 217 patients (27.26 %) had indications for laser coagulation of the retina (LCR); repeated interventions were performed in 26 cases (11.98 %). In 190 case (87.55 %), an induced regression of the disease occurred. An unfavorable outcome of ROP was diagnosed in 27 cases (12.45 %). 265 children with a cicatricial phase of ROP were dynamic observed. Results and conclusions. The effectiveness of LCR at the threshold stage has reached at 95.12 %. Regression in type-I occurred in 88.33 %. In cases of AP-ROP, the efficiency of LCR was 55.88 %. The total number of children with terminal stages was 109 people (13.69 %). In the cicatricial period of 265 people, 141 revealed ametropia, secondary glaucoma in 7 patients, complicated cataract in 6 and strabismus in 38. Timely screening and monitoring reveals early signs of ROP, if necessary, perform surgical treatment. These activities minimize risk of disability from blindness and low vision. An insignificant number of LCR performed, a small number of patients with terminal stages of ROP indicates the high efficiency of modern conditions for nursing premature babies. Functional results in long-term periods depend on the degree of residual changes, refractive pathology and strabismus. Correction of ametropia, functional treatment, strabismus surgery in the preschool period, allow to develop and maintain visual function in the most of patients with ROP. Keywords: retinopathy of prematurity, laser coagulation of the retina, aggressive posterior retinopathy of prematurity.
Correction of secondary glaucoma using gonio-associated transilluminal trabeculotomy in patients after vitreoretinal surger
Authors:   Institute of Advanced Training of Physicians N.I. Pirogov National Medical Surgical Center, Moscow, Kalinin M.E. , Fayzrakhmanov R.R. ,   N.I. Pirogov National Medical Surgical Center, Moscow,   Institute of Advanced Training of Physicians N.I. Pirogov National Medical Surgical Center, Moscow, Pavlovskiy O.A. ,   N.I. Pirogov National Medical Surgical Center, Moscow, Bosov E.D. ,   N.I. Pirogov National Medical Surgical Center, Moscow,   Institute of Advanced Training of Physicians N.I. Pirogov National Medical Surgical Center, Moscow, Karpov G.O. ,   N.I. Pirogov National Medical Surgical Center, Moscow
Published: April 2022

Purpose. To study the efficacy and safety of gonio-associated transluminal trabeculotomy (GATT) in patients who developed secondary glaucoma after vitreoretinal surgery (VRS) see Silicone Oil Removal (SO) 1300. Material and methods. The analysis of surgical treatment of 12 patients (12 eyes) with a history of vitreoretinal intervention with silicone oil (SO) 1300 tamponade, the average age of patients was 53.6 ± 11.8 years, who underwent surgery according to the GATT method, was performed. Results. Before surgery, the mean IOP was 31.0 ± 4.1 mmHg; at the last postoperative visit, the mean IOP was 15.6 ± 4.6 mmHg (p = 0.033 compared to preoperative data). In the postoperative period, IOP values were significantly lower than in the preoperative period. Before surgery, the average number of antiglaucoma drugs used was 4.8 ±0.9; after surgery, the mean value of antiglaucoma drugs used was 1.6 ± 1.4 (p = 0.025 compared to preoperative data). The most common complication was hyphema, it was observed in 4 patients, which accounted for 33.3 %. Hyphema resolved within 1–3 days. In the postoperative period, jumps in IOP, detachment of the Descemet's membrane, detachment of the choroid, corneal edema and iridodialysis were not observed. The success of surgery was achieved in 11 (91.6 %) patients, while complete success without the use of antiglaucoma drops was achieved in 3 (25.0 %) patients (p = 0.024). Conclusion. The main goal of glaucoma treatment is to preserve the visual function and quality of life of patients. In recent years, in connection with the development of vitreoretinal surgery, a number of complications have appeared, one of which is ophthalmohypertension and progressive glaucomatous damage to the optic disc. There is a need for methods of surgical treatment with minimal trauma to the conjunctiva and sclera, for the possibility of future operations. Based on this study, it can be concluded that GATT is a safe and effective method in the treatment of patients with secondary glaucoma after VRS with CM 1300 removed. However, most patients may require antiglaucoma drugs in the postoperative period. Keywords: glaucoma, secondary glaucoma, gonioassociated trabeculotomy, minimally invasive glaucoma surgery, surgical treatment of glaucoma, silicone oil.
Analysis of the results of surgical treatment of macular holes using PRP - therapy
Authors:   Ryazan State Medical University named after academician I.P. Pavlov, Ryazan, Kolesnikov A.V. ,   N.A. Semashko Regional clinical hospital, Ryazan, Nikolaev M.N. ,   N.A. Semashko Regional clinical hospital, Ryazan, Mironenko L.V. ,   Ryazan State Medical University named after academician I.P. Pavlov, Ryazan,   N.A. Semashko Regional clinical hospital, Ryazan, Averina M.M. ,   Ryazan State Medical University named after academician I.P. Pavlov, Ryazan
Published: April 2022

Actuality. Macular hole is a severe pathology of the central zone of the retina with irreversible loss of photoreceptors. There is no conservative treatment for macular hole, only surgery treatment is effective. Vitrectomy is performed followed by endotamponade of the vitreal cavity with a gas-air mixture. Methods of surgical treatment differ in the way of adaptation of the edges of the macular hole. Purpose. Analysis of the results of treatment of macular holes using PRP technology. Material and methods. We observed 10 patients diagnosed with macular hole who underwent microinvasive 25G closed posterior vitrectomy, membranopiling, macularorhexis, tamponade of macular hole with plateletrich plasma, pneumoretinopexy. At admission, the maximum corrected visual acuity ranged from 0.01 to 0.1 in 40 % of patients, 0.2–0.5 in 60 % of patients. Of the 10 cases of macular holes observed: 3 lamellar holes, 2 holes of small diameter (up to 250 microns), 5 large holes (400 microns – 1000 microns). Results. After surgery with the use of PRP therapy, improvement in visual functions was observed in 7 cases, the maximum corrected visual acuity remained unchanged in 2 cases, in 1 case visual impairment was observed due to the development of a postoperative complication in the form of hemophthalmus, which was stopped with enzyme preparations. In all cases, after the operation, the anatomical integrity of the retina was restored, which was assessed by OCT through 1 month after the intervention. Conclusion. Thus, against the background of this therapy, there is an effective closure of the macular hole, a rapid restoration of the integrity of the retinal profile, visual functions, which indicates the effectiveness of the use of PRP in the practice of a vitreoretinal surgeon. Keywords: macular hole, PRP, hemophthalmus, vitrectomy.
Comparative analysis of the level of proinflammatory cytokines in tear of patients with advanced proliferative diabetic retinopathy and complicated primary cataract
Authors:   N. Pirogov's National Medical Surgical Center, Moscow, Konovalova K.I. , Shishkin M.M. ,   N. Pirogov's National Medical Surgical Center, Moscow, Fayzrakhmanov R.R. ,   N. Pirogov's National Medical Surgical Center, Moscow
Published: April 2022

Purpose. Undertake a comparative analysis of the level of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-8, MCP-1, ICAM-1) in tear of patients with advanced proliferative diabetic retinopathy and complicated primary cataract after phacoemulsification surgery and IOL implantation with vitreoretinal surgery accomplished at once in comparison with vitreoretinal surgery only. Material and methods. 34 cases of surgery treatment of patients with PDR and complicated primary cataract were enrolled. This patients were divided into two groups depending on the treatment tactics. In the 1st group patients were subjected to a two-step surgical procedure: vitreoretinal surgery(VRS) with silicone oil tamponade performed as the first step in their treatment; followed by the second step, phacoemulsification surgery and silicone oil removal, and the IOL implantation, respectively. In the 2 nd group phacoemulsification performed simultaneously with vitreoretinal surgery: phacoemulsification, IOL implantation, vitreoretinal surgery with silicone oil tamponade. The second step differed in the removal of silicone oil from the vitreous cavity. On the 2 nd day after the first step surgery and before surgical treatment the tear samples of the patients of both groups have been examined. Results. At the early postoperative period after VRS, an increase in the inflammatory reaction was observed in patients of both groups by the 2 nd day, while the severity of the inflammatory reaction was significantly higher in the 2 nd group patients (p < 0,001) relative to the 1 st group patients. A concentration of the following cytokines: IL-8, MCP-1, ICAM-1 in the 2 nd group was 2,5–5 times higher than in the 1 st group. In the 2 nd group patients, there was a statistically significant correlation between the development of NVH in the long-term postoperative period and the level of IL-8, MCP-1, ICAM-1 in tear on the 2 nd day after the first step surgery (p = 0.015). Conclusion. The research revealed that the patients with advanced PDR are accurately determined by the increased concentration of IL-8, MCP-1, ICAM-1 in tear after phacoemulsification surgery and IOL implantation with vitreoretinal surgery accomplished at once in comparison with vitreoretinal surgery only. Keywords: cytokines, diabetic retinopathy, cataract, vitreoretinal surgery.
Combined treatment of retinal detachment in case of peripheral retinoschisis
Authors:   Northwestern State Medical University named after I.I. Mechnikov, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, St. Petersburg, Kononov A.V. , Klyushnikova E.V. ,   Northwestern State Medical University named after I.I. Mechnikov, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, St. Petersburg, Mitrofanova N.V. ,   Northwestern State Medical University named after I.I. Mechnikov, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, St. Petersburg, Motyleva V.A. ,   Northwestern State Medical University named after I.I. Mechnikov, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, St. Petersburg
Published: April 2022

Modern approaches to surgical treatment of retinal detachment against the background of peripheral retinoschisis do not always give the desired result. Purpose. The purpose of the presented clinical case is to evaluate the effectiveness of the use of autologous conditioned plasma (AСP) in the treatment of regmatogenic retinal detachment against the background of peripheral retinoschisis. Material and methods. In the ophthalmological department of the Northwestern State Medical University named after I.I. Mechnikov, a patient P., born in 1959, was under observation with a diagnosis of regmatogenic retinal detachment in case of peripheral retinoschisis. The patient underwent microinvasive vitrectomy with the introduction of ACP into the intraretinal space, endolaser retinopexy, endotamponade of PFOC with replacement on silicone oil. Results. In the postoperative period, there was a complete fit of the retina throughout. Conclusions. The first experiment gave an excellent result, which opens new prospects for patients with regmatogenic retinal detachment in case of retinoschisis. However, further research in this direction is required. Keywords: retinal detachment, retinoschisis, peripheral retinoschisis, ACP.
Comparative analysis of options for the application of 25G caliber tips to a permanent magnet when removing iofb from the posterior segment of the eye
Authors:   S.M. Kirov Military Medical Academy, Department of Ophthalmology, Mikhin A.A. , Churashov S.V. ,   S.M. Kirov Military Medical Academy, Department of Ophthalmology, Kulikov A.N. ,   S.M. Kirov Military Medical Academy, Department of Ophthalmology
Published: April 2022

Purpose. To compare the options for applying a 25G caliber tip to a permanent magnet when removing the VGIT from the posterior segment of the eye. Material and methods. The analysis of the results of treatment of 60 patients of the Ophthalmology Clinic of the Kirov Medical Institute was performed. The localization of the entrance opening, localization of the IOFB in the intraocular space, features of the use of 25G caliber tips, intraoperative complications were analyzed and the advantages of removing the IOFB in a combined way with the use of a 25G tip to a permanent magnet were evaluated. Results. According to the localization of the entrance opening, patients were distributed as follows: zone I – 16 (27 %), zone II – 34 (57 %), zone III – 10 (17 %). In all patients, IOFB was located in the posterior segment of the eyeball. During the operation, the following methods of IOFB removal were used: forceps – forceps (45 %), magnet–forceps (33 %), magnet–magnet (22%). When removing the IOFB according to the first and second technique, in several cases it was necessary to intercept the IOFB for more reliable fixation in the branches of the forceps. In the case of the use of the third technique, reliable fixation of the IOFB with a 25G tip was noted, however, for its implementation, it was necessary to have another magnet with a larger and shorter tip. After the treatment, all patients received an increase in visual acuity and in most cases (48%) at the time of discharge from the hospital, it was in the range from 0.05 to 0.1. Conclusions. Removal of magnetic IOFB using 25G caliber tips to a permanent magnet allows you to reliably fix the IOFB, significantly reduce the risks of intraoperative complications and shorten the duration of the operation, and the option with the use of two magnets allows you to completely eliminate the risks of falling IOFB on the fundus. Keywords: open globe injury, intraocular foreign body, 25G tips, permanent eye magnet
THE EFFECT OF THIRD PARTY FUNDS ON THE PROFITABILITY OF ISLAMIC COMMERCIAL BANKS IN INDONESIA
Authors: Pradana Taufik , Nur Diana Ilfi , Rofiq Aunur
Published: April 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh dana pihak ketiga (DPK) terhadap profitabilitas bank umum syariah di Indonesia. Profitabilitas dalam penelitian ini diukur dengan menggunakan ROA. Populasi yang digunakan adalah bank syariah yang terdaftar di BI dari tahun 2016 sampai dengan 2020, penarikan sampel menggunakan teknik purposive sampling, dan didapatkan 6 bank syariah yang memenuhi kriteria. Penelitian ini menggunakan uji statistik regresi linier sederhana dengan hasil sebagai berikut: variabel dana pihak ketiga (DPK) mempunyai nilai t-hitung sebesar 4,414 dan nilai t-tabel sebesar 2,04841 (t-hitung > t-tabel) dengan nilai signifikansi sebesar 0,00014 < 0,05. Dengan demikian Ha diterima, yang berarti bahwa dana pihak ketiga (DPK) berpengaruh positif signifikan terhadap profitabilitas Bank Umum Syariah, yang artinya semakin besar dana pihak ketiga (DPK) yang dihimpun, maka profitabilitas bank umum  syariah akan semakin meningkat.
Initial contact between SARS-CoV-2 spike S1 protein and cell surface glycans involves multiple binding modes
Authors: Parafioriti Michela , Ni Minghong , Petitou Maurice , Mycroft-West Courtney J. , Rudd Timothy R. , Gandhi Neha S. , Ferro Vito , Turnbull Jeremy E. , Lima Marcelo A. , Skidmore Mark A. , Fernig David G. , Yates Edwin A. , Bisio Antonella , Guerrini Marco , Elli Stefano
Published: April 2022

Infection of host cells by SARS-CoV-2 begins with recognition by the virus S (spike) protein of cell surface heparan sulfate (HS), tethering the virus to the extracellular matrix environment, and causing the subunit S1-RBD to undergo a conformational change into the ‘open’ conformation. These two events promote the binding of S1-RBD to the angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor, a preliminary step toward viral-cell membrane fusion. Combining ligand-based NMR spectroscopy with molecular dynamics, oligosaccharide analogues were used to explore the interactions between S1-RBD of SARS CoV-2 and HS, revealing several low-specificity binding modes and previously unidentified potential sites for the binding of extended HS polysaccharide chains. The evident multiplicity of binding modes also suggests that highly specific inhibitors will not be optimal against protein S but, rather, diverse HS-based structures, characterized by high affinity and including multi-valent compounds, may be required
Optical manipulation in conjunction with photochemical/photothermal responses of materials
Authors: Setoura Kenji , Ito Syoji
Published: April 2022

This article reviews optical manipulation coupled with photochemical/photothermal responses of nanometer sized materials including molecular systems, polymers, and inorganic nanoparticles. After the introduction, section 2 overviews the optical trapping of nanometer sized molecular systems including early-stage studies, such as trapping of polymer chains, micelles, and molecular aggregates in solution at room temperatures. Then, the conformation control of macromolecule assemblies and gels by optical force are introduced, followed by micro-fabrications achieved by combining optical trapping and photochemical reactions. Section 3 summarizes studies on the evaluation of optical force acting on nanometric molecular systems using fluorescence correlation techniques. Approaches to control optical force by using photochemical reactions are show in section 4, where the absorption band of target materials are modified through photochromic reactions, leading to micromechanical motion of small particles synchronizing with the photochemical reactions. Section 5 overviews photothermal effect in optical manipulation such as natural convection, Marangoni convection and thermophoresis, and applications of the thermal effects to develop new methods of micromanipulation achieved by combining optical force and photothermal responses.
ONTENT OF THE DISCIPLINE PROGRAM WATER MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS AND WATER
Authors:   Timirâzevskaâ selʹskohozâjstvennaâ akademiâ, Nadtochiy V.S.
Published: April 2022

The article describes the structure of the discipline program, which is part of the mandatory part of the approximate curriculum of bachelor's degree in the direction of 20.03.02, forming general professional and professional competencies
PROBLEMS OF DIGITALIZATION OF RUSSIAN EDUCATION
Authors:   Timirâzevskaâ selʹskohozâjstvennaâ akademiâ, Zalysin I.Yu.
Published: April 2022

The article analyzes some aspects of the digital transformation of the education system in the Russian Federation. The reasons, essence and main directions of digitalization are revealed. It is shown that this process is due to the objective needs of the current stage of social development, first of all, the transition to a new type of economy. The tasks of digital education are analyzed: the formation of digital competence, the development of skills and competencies for optimal and effective information activities in various conditions; the formation and development of abilities for self-development and self-education in the information sphere, etc. The difficulties that arise in the process of digital transformation of education are revealed: technical and technological, methodological, qualification, etc. The positive and negative consequences of the digitalization of Russian education are revealed.
DEVELOPING A METHODOLOGY FOR RANKING QUALITY INDICATORS OF POTATO HARVESTERS
Authors:   Russian State Agrarian University - Moscow Timiryazev Agricultural Academy, LEONOV OLEG A.
Published: April 2022

General recommendations of manufacturers refer, as a rule, to the selection of potato harvesters in terms of operational and design characteristics. Many brands and models of potato harvesters from various manufacturers are consistent with these recommendations. The final choice of an agricultural producer is determined by various quality indicators of a potato harvester. To develop recommendations for selecting a potato harvester, it is necessary to know these indicators and be able to rank them by importance. The article presents the research results related to the development and testing of a methodology for systematizing and ranking quality indicators of potato harvesters. As a result of approbation of the developed methodology, data were collected from 20 farm producers and a Pareto Chart of quality indicators affecting the choice of potato harvesters was constructed. ABC-analysis helped identify the most important quality indicators of potato harvesters for the consumer. The selected indicators were grouped to build a hierarchical tree of properties. To rank the selected quality indicators, the authors proposed to use the method of comparing pairwise hierarchies. As a result of the study, it was found that when choosing a potato harvester, the most significant indicators are the economic ones; they are followed by harvesting quality indicators; the group of operational reliability indicators comes third; and finally we have the group of indicators of the harvester’s productivity. The weighting ratios of single indicators obtained as a result of ranking can be used to assess the quality level of potato harvesters using a complex indicator. Taking all these factors into account, agricultural producers will make an informed decision on the purchase of new and used harvesters.
THEORETICAL STUDIES OF THE TECHNOLOGICAL OPERATION OF SEPARATORS TO DETERMINE GRAIN LOSS
Authors:   Russian State Agrarian University - Moscow Timiryazev Agricultural Academy, TRONEV SERGEY V
Published: April 2022

Determining the level of permissible grain loss during the operation of combine harvesters is associated with the difficultyof taking a sample from under the working combine harvester according to all the GOST requirements and its further processing. To determinegrain losses, the authors carried out theoretical studies of the technological operation of separators and considered the theory of separatingthe mixture components by specific gravity. The results of previous studies, as well as some information from the relevant research reportswere used. Three factors influencing the calculation accuracy were taken into account: the nature of forces acting on individual particlesin the separator layer; the aerostatic field exerting an aerostatic influence on the individual particles, which ensures their separationat operating speeds of the separator air flow; the mixing of particles in the sample layer and their separation by specific gravity. It was determined that when the air flow passes through a layer of bulk sample, an aerostatic field is formed inside the layer. It has a large staticpressure gradient, in which the particles (grains) are separated only by their specific gravity, regardless of their size, absolute weight or shape. During the separator operation, of air flow has both the aerostatic and aerodynamic effect on the particles, which negatively affectsgrain separability. As a result of studies, the authors found that the optimal operation mode of the separator has the minimal speed of airflow through a layer of bulk sample, and the air pressure difference at the layer boundaries balances the grain layer.
EXHAUST GAS HEAT UTILIZATION IN SEPARATING WORKING UNITS OF ROOT CROP AND POTATO HARVESTERS
Authors:   Russian State Agrarian University - Moscow Timiryazev Agricultural Academy, DOROKHOV ALEKSEI S.
Published: April 2022

Harvesting potatoes and vegetable crops coincides with the seasonal peak of precipitation. As a result, the factor complicates the cleaning of marketable products from highly humid soil impurities, which cause the working surface sticking of cleaning devices and decrease their performance. To eliminate this problem, the authors carried out theoretical studies of the separation system working on thermal energy for cleaning the exhaust gases of the power plant. The goal was to determine the design and technological parameters of its individual functioning elements. Relationships were established to determine the separating surface area of slotted cleaning units – a bar elevator and a cleaning sprocket. The analysis helped determine the inter-axial distance between the deflectors, the inter-deflector distance, the inter-conveyor distance, and the translational speed of the rod elevator. The authors obtained the heat flow distribution pattern of exhaust gases on the separating units of root crop and potato harvesters. The study outcomes – the operating modes and technological parameters of the separating system using the heat of exhaust gases for harvesting root crops and potatoes and the heat flow distribution pattern of exhaust gases over the separating surface – will be helpful for further experimental research to improve individual units for harvesting root crops.
Abū Ḥanīfa’s contribution to the methodology of Qur’anic Exegecis
Authors: KESKİN Hasan
Published: April 2022

Abū Ḥanīfa, the 8th-century Sunni Muslim jurist, was closely interested in scientific problems in his time. In this context, he expressed some of the problems of the Tafsīr Methodology in the creed treatises attributed to him. In this article, we will try to discuss how he evaluated these problems within the framework of these treatises. Abū Ḥanīfa, considered to be one of the most important scholars of his period, is also the founding imam of the Hanafi school of thought. Therefore, although he was interested in all kinds of scientific problems of the period he lived, he was known as a jurist because he was more interested in legal issues. However, he dealt mostly some creed issues in five aqāīd booklets attributed to him, namely al-Ālim wa’l-Mutaʿallim, al-Fiqh al-akbar, al-Fiqh al-absat, Risālātu Abī Ḥanīfa ilā Qādī al-Basra Uthmān al-Battī and al-Wasiyya. While examining these treatises, we have noticed that many topics related to Qur’an and tafsīr methodology not only in a number of classical works but also discussed today. Those are khalq al-Qurʾān, superiority between verses and suras, mutashābihāt, naskh, tafsīr, ta’wı̇̄l, tanzı̇̄l, and Qurʾan’s being a criterion in evaluation of hadith. Abū Ḥanīfa's views on the problems of the Tafsīr Method were adopted, developed and systemized by many Islamic scholars after him. The initiatives brought by Abū Ḥanīfa, who has influenced many scholars since his time and is still accepted as an authority in science, are in the nature of shedding light on the solution of the problems of today's Tafsīr Method, which is still up-to-date and discussed.