bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Photosynthetic Pigments and Biochemical Response of Zucchini (Cucurbita pepo L.) to Plant-Derived Extracts, Microbial, and Potassium Silicate as Biostimulants Under Greenhouse Conditions
Authors: Abd-Elkader Doaa Y. , Mohamed Abeer A. , Feleafel Mostafa N. , Al-Huqail Asma A. , Salem Mohamed Z. M. , Ali Hayssam M. , Hassan Hanaa S.
Published: May 2022

There are many technological innovations in the field of agriculture to improve the sustainability of farmed products by reducing the chemicals used. Uses of biostimulants such as plant extracts or microorganisms are a promising process that increases plant growth and the efficient use of available soil resources. To determine the effects of some biostimulants' treatments on the photosynthetic pigments and biochemicals composition of zucchini plants, two experiments were conducted in 2019 and 2020 under greenhouse conditions. In this work, the effects of beneficial microbes (Trichoderma viride and Pseudomonas fluorescens), as well as three extracts from Eucalyptus camaldulensis leaf extract (LE), Citrus sinensis LE, and Ficus benghalensis fruit extract (FE) with potassium silicate (K2SiO3) on productivity and biochemical composition of zucchini fruits, were assessed as biostimulants. The results showed that E. camaldulensis LE (4,000 mg/L) + K2SiO3 (500 mg/L) and T. viride (106 spore/ml) + K2SiO3 (500 mg/L) gave the highest significance yield of zucchini fruits. Furthermore, the total reading response of chlorophylls and carotenoids was significantly affected by biostimulants' treatments. The combination of K2SiO3 with E. camaldulensis LE increased the DPPH scavenging activity and the total phenolic content of zucchini fruits, in both experiments. However, the spraying with K2SiO3 did not observe any effects on the total flavonoid content of zucchini fruits. Several phenolic compounds were identified via high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) from the methanol extracts of zucchini fruits such as syringic acid, eugenol, caffeic acid, pyrogallol, gallic acid, ascorbic acid, ferulic acid, α-tocopherol, and ellagic acid. The main elemental content (C and O) analyzed via energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) of leaves was affected by the application of biostimulants. The success of this work could lead to the development of cheap and easily available safe biostimulants for enhancing the productivity and biochemical of zucchini plants.
Evaluating the Impact of Nitrogen Application on Growth and Productivity of Maize Under Control Conditions
Authors: Hammad Hafiz Mohkum , Chawla M. Shakeel , Jawad Rashid , Alhuqail Asma , Bakhat Hafiz Faiq , Farhad Wajid , Khan Faheema , Mubeen Muhammad , Shah Adnan N. , Liu Ke , Harrison Matthew T. , Saud Shah , Fahad Shah
Published: May 2022

Climatic conditions significantly affect the maize productivity. Among abiotic factors, nitrogen (N) fertilizer and temperature are the two important factors which dominantly affect the maize (Zea mays L.) production during the early crop growth stages. Two experiments were conducted to determine the impact of N fertilizer and temperature on the maize growth and yield. In the first experiment, the maize hybrids were screened for their sensitivity to temperature variations. The screening was based on the growth performance of the hybrids under three temperatures (T1 = ambient open-air temperature, T2 = 1°C higher than the ambient temperature, and T3 = 1°C lower than the ambient temperature) range. The results showed that an increase in temperature was resulted less 50% emergence and mean emergence (4.1 and 6.3 days, respectively), while emergence energy and full emergence were higher (25.4 and 75.2%, respectively) under the higher temperature exposure. The results showed that Syngenta 7720 and Muqabla S 25W87 were temperature tolerant and sensitive maize hybrids, respectively. The second experiment was carried out to study the response of the two selected maize hybrids (Syngenta 7720 and Muqabla S 25W87) to four N fertilizer applications. The results revealed that the maximum N use efficiency (19.5 kg kg−1) was achieved in maize hybrids with low N application (75 kg N ha−1 equivalent to 1.13 g N plant−1). However, the maximum maize grain yield (86.4 g plant−1), dry weight (203 g plant−1), and grain protein content (15.0%) were observed in maize hybrids that were grown with the application of 300 kg N ha−1 (equivalent to 4.52 g N plant−1). Therefore, it is recommended that the application of 300 kg N ha−1 to temperature tolerant maize hybrid may be considered best agricultural management practices for obtaining optimum maize grain yield under present changing climate.
The Rice Qa-SNAREs in SYP13 Subfamily Are Involved in Regulating Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Symbiosis and Seed Fertility
Authors: Liu Ying-Na , Liu Cheng-Chen , Guo Rui , Tian Li , Cheng Jian-Fei , Wu Ya-Nan , Wang Dong , Wang Bin
Published: May 2022

Qa-SNARE gene SYP132 (isoform α) was previously reported to affect arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) symbiosis in the legume species Medicago truncatula. In non-legumes especially monocots, it remains unknown whether certain SNARE genes are also involved in AM symbiosis. In this work, we studied a rice orthologous gene OsSYP132, which showed induced expression in mycorrhizal roots and two paralogous genes OsSYP131a and OsSYP131b, which were not induced by the AM fungus Rhizophagus irregularis. After employing CRISPR/Cas9 technique to generate their mutants, the Ossyp131a homozygous mutant T0 plants exhibited a dwarf phenotype and produced no fertile seeds, indicating a required role of this gene in seed fertility. Unlike the case in legume, the Ossyp132 mutants exhibited normal mycorrhizal phenotype, so did the Ossyp131b mutants. In the Ossyp131b Ossyp132 double mutants, however, the colonization rate and arbuscule abundance level decreased markedly, indicating an impaired fungal proliferation ability in rice roots. Such a defect was further confirmed by the reduced expression levels of AM marker genes. Our results in rice therefore demonstrated that while SYP13II members showed evolutionary and induction patterns specific to symbiosis, AM symbiosis is in fact controlled by the combined action of both SYP13I and SYP13II clades, revealing a functional redundancy among SYNTAXIN genes in mutualism.
Challenges Facing CRISPR/Cas9-Based Genome Editing in Plants
Authors: Son Seungmin , Park Sang Ryeol
Published: May 2022

The development of plant varieties with desired traits is imperative to ensure future food security. The revolution of genome editing technologies based on the clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated nuclease 9 (Cas9) system has ushered in a new era in plant breeding. Cas9 and the single-guide RNA (sgRNA) form an effective targeting complex on a locus or loci of interest, enabling genome editing in all plants with high accuracy and efficiency. Therefore, CRISPR/Cas9 can save both time and labor relative to what is typically associated with traditional breeding methods. However, despite improvements in gene editing, several challenges remain that limit the application of CRISPR/Cas9-based genome editing in plants. Here, we focus on four issues relevant to plant genome editing: (1) plant organelle genome editing; (2) transgene-free genome editing; (3) virus-induced genome editing; and (4) editing of recalcitrant elite crop inbred lines. This review provides an up-to-date summary on the state of CRISPR/Cas9-mediated genome editing in plants that will push this technique forward.
Longitudinal Change in Authoritarian Factors as Explained by Political Beliefs and a Distrust of Science
Authors: Winter Taylor , Riordan Benjamin C. , Bizumic Boris , Hunter John , Jose Paul Easton , Duckitt John , Scarf Damian
Published: May 2022

During the COVID-19 pandemic there have been marked changes in individuals' belief systems (e.g., support for lockdowns) as a result of the threat of COVID-19. In the current study, we investigated whether these belief systems change as a function of changes in the threat of COVID-19. Specifically, we conducted a longitudinal study, with authoritarianism measured at the height of the COVID-19 pandemic in New Zealand and when the threat of COVID-19 was low (i.e., no known COVID-19 cases in the community). A total of 888 participants responded at both timepoints, completing measures of political orientation and distrust of science, in addition to the measure of authoritarianism. We had two hypotheses. First, that liberals would display a more marked reduction in authoritarian submission between Alert Level 4 and Alert Level 1 relative to conservatives. Second, that changes would be mediated by trust in science. Both hypotheses were supported, demonstrating that authoritarianism is sensitive to threat, even for those on the political left, and that trust in science helps to explain these changes. We suggest that fluctuations in authoritarianism may be different across the political spectrum due to underlying belief systems such as a distrust of science.
The Neurobiological Basis of the Conundrum of Self-continuity: A Hypothesis
Authors: Izadifar Morteza
Published: May 2022

Life, whatsoever it is, is a temporal flux. Everything is doomed to change often apparently beyond our awareness. My body appears totally different now, so does my mind. I have gained new attitudes and new ambitions, and a substantial number of old ones have been discarded. But, I am still the same person in an ongoing manner. Besides, recent neuroscientific and psychological evidence has shown that our conscious perception happens as a series of discrete or bounded instants—it emerges in temporally scattered, gappy, and discrete forms. But, if it is so, how does the brain persevere our self-continuity (or continuity of identity) in this gappy setting? How is it possible that despite moment-to-moment changes in my appearance and mind, I am still feeling that I am that person? How can we tackle with this second by second gap and resurrection in our existence which leads to a foundation of wholeness and continuity of ourself? How is continuity of self (collective set of our connected experiences in the vessel of time) that results in a feeling that one’s life has purpose and meaning preserved? To answer these questions, the problem has been comprehended from a philosophical, psychological, and neuroscientific perspective. I realize that first and foremost fact lies in the temporal nature of identity. Having equipped with these thoughts, in this article, it is hypothesized that according to two principles (the principle of reafference or corollary discharge and the principle of a time theory) self-continuity is maintained. It is supposed that there should be a precise temporal integration mechanism in the CNS with the outside world that provides us this smooth, ungappy flow of theSelf. However, we are often taken for granted the importance of self-continuity, but it can be challenged by life transitions such as entering adulthood, retirement, senility, emigration, and societal changes such as immigration, globalization, and in much unfortunate and extreme cases of mental illnesses such as schizophrenia.
A Distributed Framework for the Study of Organizational Cognition in Meetings
Authors: Jensen Astrid , Secchi Davide , Jensen Thomas Wiben
Published: May 2022

This paper proposes an analytical framework for the analysis of organizational cognition that borrows from distributed and ecological cognition. In so doing, we take a case study featuring a decision on the topic of agreeing on a set point in the agenda of a meeting. It is through the analysis of a few minutes of video-recording used in the case that enables us to demonstrate the power of applying distributed and ecological cognition to organizing processes. Cognitive mechanism, resources, and processes are identified within this combined framework. Mechanisms are described as “socio-material” (CM1)—where “people” and “artifacts” are the related cognitive resources—and as “conceptual” (CM2)—with “group” identity, “topic” understanding, meaning of “procedures,” and perception of “time” as resources. Processes are defined as “coupling,” “de-coupling,” and “un-coupled” depending on the type of relation in place. Finally, the paper presents an agent-based computational simulation to demonstrate the potentials of operationalizing this approach.
Adolescent Connectedness: A Scoping Review of Available Measures and Their Psychometric Properties
Authors: Too Ezra K. , Chongwo Esther , Mabrouk Adam , Abubakar Amina
Published: May 2022

Introduction

Adolescent connectedness, a key component of positive youth development, is associated with various positive health outcomes. Several measures have been developed to assess this construct. However, no study has summarized data on the existing measures of adolescent connectedness. We conducted this scoping review to fill this gap. We specifically aimed to: (i) identify the existing measures of adolescent connectedness, (ii) determine the most frequently used measures among the identified measures, and (iii) summarize the psychometric properties of these measures with a keen interest in highlighting their cross-cultural utility and validity.

Methods

We searched CINAHL, Embase, PsycInfo, PubMed, and Web of Science databases for relevant articles published since database inception to 7th February 2021. Our search structure contained the key words “Adolescents”, “Connectedness”, and “Measures”. We also searched Open Gray for potentially relevant gray literature.

Results

We identified 335 measures from 960 eligible studies assessing various domains of adolescent connectedness, including school, family, community, peer, ethnic, racial, cultural, religious/spiritual, and self-connectedness. Most of the included studies (72.1%) were from North America and Europe. Most of the measures (n = 132, 39.4%) were measures of school connectedness among adolescents. Of the identified measures, 60 of them met our criteria of frequently used measures (i.e., the top five most used measures per domain of connectedness). These frequently used measures were used across 481 of the included studies with 400 of them reporting their psychometric properties. The reported reliability of these measures was adequate (Cronbach's alpha ≥ 0.70) in 89.8% of these studies. These measures also appeared to be valid in terms of their face, content, construct, criterion, convergent, discriminant, concurrent, predictive, measurement invariance, and cross-cultural validity.

Conclusions

There exists a wide array of measures of adolescent connectedness. Sixty of these measures have been frequently used across studies and appear to be reliable and/or valid. However, this evidence is mostly from North America and Europe. This is a reflection of the limitation of this review where only studies published in English were considered. It might also reflect the paucity of research in other regions of the world. More research is needed for clearer insights.
The Effectiveness of Inquiry and Practice During Project Design Courses at a Technology University
Authors: Fan Jing-Yun , Ye Jian-Hong
Published: May 2022

Among the many teaching methods, inquiry-based teaching is considered to be an effective way for students to learn and solve problems on their own. However, most of the research related to inquiry-based teaching and learning has concentrated mainly on K-12 education, while few to no studies have focused on the application of inquiry-based teaching and learning in project design courses at university level. Therefore, in order to expand the understanding of the application effect of inquiry-based teaching at university level, this study adopted the quasi-experimental design method, and through the purposive sampling method, 20 students from the Department of Fashion Design at a University of Science and Technology were invited to participate in this study. During the 9-month period, teaching experiments were carried out using two inquiry models, QC/ADEAC and QD/ODEAC. First, when participants were thinking of a creative topic, they followed the process: Question (Q), Collection/Analysis (C/A), Discussion (D), Explanation (E), Amendment (A), and Confirmation (C) in the course. During the production process, the participants were allowed to improve on their work through the process of Question (Q), Doing/Observation (D/O), Discussion (D), Explanation (E), Amendment (A), and Confirmation (C). The teacher became a true guide, so that the participants could explore and work out how to improve their designs through independent inquiry and practice. In this study, questionnaires were administered to participants at five important stages of the design project: “theme development,” “color development,” “first Work,” “second Work,” and “third Work.” The results of the five surveys showed that the participants’ curriculum interest, curriculum value perception, and curriculum confidence in the inquiry program all increased.
COVID-19 Pandemic and Student Reading Achievement: Findings From a School Panel Study
Authors: Ludewig Ulrich , Kleinkorres Ruben , Schaufelberger Rahim , Schlitter Theresa , Lorenz Ramona , König Christoph , Frey Andreas , McElvany Nele
Published: May 2022

Since 2020, the COVID-19 pandemic had an impact on education worldwide. There is increased discussion of possible negative effects on students’ learning outcomes and the need for targeted support. We examined fourth graders’ reading achievement based on a school panel study, representative on the student level, with N = 111 elementary schools in Germany (total: N = 4,290 students, age: 9–10 years). The students were tested with the Progress in International Reading Literacy Study instruments in 2016 and 2021. The analysis focused on (1) total average differences in reading achievement between 2016 and 2021, (2) average differences controlling for student composition, and (3) changes in achievement gaps between student subgroups (i.e., immigration background, socio-cultural capital, and gender). The methodological approach met international standards for the analysis of large-scale assessments (i.e., multiple multi-level imputation, plausible values, and clustered mixed-effect regression). The results showed a substantial decline in mean reading achievement. The decline corresponds to one-third of a year of learning, even after controlling for changes in student composition. We found no statistically significant changes of achievement gaps between student subgroups, despite numerical tendencies toward a widening of achievement gaps between students with and without immigration background. It is likely that this sharp achievement decline was related to the COVID-19 pandemic. The findings are discussed in terms of further research needs, practical implications for educating current student cohorts, and educational policy decisions regarding actions in crises such as the COVID-19 pandemic.
A Study on Maker Teaching Activity Design in Senior High School General Technology Course for Creativity Cultivation
Authors: Wang Hongjiang , Ye YuanFen , Liao Xiaoling , Li Zuokun , Liang Yingli
Published: May 2022

General Technology Course (GTC) in senior high school focuses on skill training and the connection and comprehensive application of interdisciplinary knowledge, and it is a compulsory course for cultivating students' creative potential. However, GTC in domestic senior high school has low teaching efficiency and fails to cultivate students' creativity well. Fortunately, after years of theoretical and practical research in China, the Maker Education (ME), which focuses on cultivating students' innovative ability, has produced well-recognized applied research results. For this reason, this paper integrates the theories of ME into GTC. Combined the characteristics of ME and GTC, and followed the process of creation and the law of the expression of personality traits, we build a model of GTC based on ME to improve students' creativity effectively. In order to improve and optimize the designed teaching model, this study carried out three rounds of Action Research, designed the practical activities of GTC in senior high school, and revised the teaching model through action, observation and reflection continuously. Finally, this paper designed an experimental group and a control group. The experimental group adopts the recommended General Technology teaching model, and the control group adopts the traditional teaching model. Students were asked tested to take pre-test and post-test, and SPSS was used for analysis of ANCOVA and T-test. After analysis, the following experimental results were obtained: (1) the teaching model proposed in this paper can improve students' creativity significantly and effectively; (2) the adventurous, curiosity, imagination, challenge of students also have significant positive improvement.
Tracking Proactive Interference in Visual Memory
Authors: Mercer Tom , Jarvis Ruby-Jane , Lawton Rebekah , Walters Frankie
Published: May 2022

The current contents of visual working memory can be disrupted by previously formed memories. This phenomenon is known as proactive interference, and it can be used to index the availability of old memories. However, there is uncertainty about the robustness and lifetime of proactive interference, which raises important questions about the role of temporal factors in forgetting. The present study assessed different factors that were expected to influence the persistence of proactive interference over an inter-trial interval in the visual recent probes task. In three experiments, participants encoded arrays of targets and then determined whether a single probe matched one of those targets. On some trials, the probe matched an item from the previous trial (a “recent negative”), whereas on other trials the probe matched a more distant item (a “non-recent negative”). Prior studies have found that recent negative probes can increase errors and slow response times in comparison to non-recent negative probes, and this offered a behavioral measure of proactive interference. In Experiment 1, factors of array size (the number of targets to be encoded) and inter-trial interval (300 ms vs. 8 s) were manipulated in the recent probes task. There was a reduction in proactive interference when a longer delay separated trials on one measure, but only when participants encoded two targets. When working memory capacity was strained by increasing the array size to four targets, proactive interference became stronger after the long delay. In Experiment 2, the inter-trial interval length was again manipulated, along with stimulus novelty (the number of stimuli used in the experiment). Proactive interference was modestly stronger when a smaller number of stimuli were used throughout the experiment, but proactive interference was minimally affected by the inter-trial interval. These findings are problematic for temporal models of forgetting, but Experiment 3 showed that proactive interference also resisted disruption produced by a secondary task presented within the inter-trial interval. Proactive interference was constantly present and generally resilient to the different manipulations. The combined data suggest a relatively durable, passive representation that can disrupt current working memory under a variety of different circumstances.
A Meta-Analysis of Gender Differences in e-Learners' Self-Efficacy, Satisfaction, Motivation, Attitude, and Performance Across the World
Authors: Yu Zhonggen , Deng Xinjie
Published: May 2022

E-learning has gained popularity since the outbreak of COVID-19. This study aims to identify gender differences in e-learners' self-efficacy, satisfaction, motivation, attitude, and performance across the world. Through a meta-analysis and systematic review, this study concludes that there are generally no significant gender differences in e-learning outcomes except in a few countries. Females significantly outperformed males in Spain and the UK. In Austria, India, and mixed countries (Chile and Spain), females hold significantly more positive attitudes toward e-learning than males. In the USA, females present significantly higher self-efficacy than males. Future research into the gender issue in e-learning across the world may adopt cross-disciplinary research methods except for a meta-analysis.
Students With High Metacognition Are Favourable Towards Individualism When Anxious
Authors: Barrientos Mauricio S. , Valenzuela Pilar , Hojman Viviana , Reyes Gabriel
Published: May 2022

Metacognitive ability has been described as an important predictor of several processes involved in learning, including problem-solving. Although this relationship is fairly documented, little is known about the mechanisms that could modulate it. Given its relationship with both constructs, we decided to evaluate the impact of self-knowledge on PS. In addition, we inspected whether emotional (self-reported anxiety) and interpersonal (attitudes towards social interdependence) variables could affect the relationship between metacognition and problem-solving. We tested a sample of 32 undergraduate students and used behavioural tasks and self-report questionnaires. Contrary to the literature, we found no significant relationship between metacognition and problem-solving performance, nor a significant moderating effect when including emotional and interpersonal variables in the model. In contrast, we observed a significant moderating model combining metacognition, self-reported anxiety and attitudes towards social interdependence. It was found that participants with high metacognition reported attitudes unfavourable towards interdependence when they felt high anxiety. These results suggest that already anxious individuals with high metacognition would prefer to work alone rather than with others, as a coping mechanism against further anxiety derived from cooperation. We hypothesise that in anxiogenic contexts, metacognition is used as a tool to compare possible threats with one’s own skills and act accordingly, in order to maximise one’s own performance. Further studies are needed to understand how metacognition works in contexts adverse to learning.
Prediction-Related Frontal-Temporal Network for Omission Mismatch Activity in the Macaque Monkey
Authors: Suda Yuki , Tada Mariko , Matsuo Takeshi , Kawasaki Keisuke , Saigusa Takeshi , Ishida Maho , Mitsui Tetsuo , Kumano Hironori , Kirihara Kenji , Suzuki Takafumi , Matsumoto Kenji , Hasegawa Isao , Kasai Kiyoto , Uka Takanori
Published: May 2022

Sensory prediction is considered an important element of mismatch negativity (MMN) whose reduction is well known in patients with schizophrenia. Omission MMN is a variant of the MMN which is elicited by the absence of a tone previously sequentially presented. Omission MMN can eliminate the effects of sound differences in typical oddball paradigms and affords the opportunity to identify prediction-related signals in the brain. Auditory predictions are thought to reflect bottom-up and top-down processing within hierarchically organized auditory areas. However, the communications between the various subregions of the auditory cortex and the prefrontal cortex that generate and communicate sensory prediction-related signals remain poorly understood. To explore how the frontal and temporal cortices communicate for the generation and propagation of such signals, we investigated the response in the omission paradigm using electrocorticogram (ECoG) electrodes implanted in the temporal, lateral prefrontal, and orbitofrontal cortices of macaque monkeys. We recorded ECoG data from three monkeys during the omission paradigm and examined the functional connectivity between the temporal and frontal cortices by calculating phase-locking values (PLVs). This revealed that theta- (4–8 Hz), alpha- (8–12 Hz), and low-beta- (12–25 Hz) band synchronization increased at tone onset between the higher auditory cortex and the frontal pole where an early omission response was observed in the event-related potential (ERP). These synchronizations were absent when the tone was omitted. Conversely, low-beta-band (12–25 Hz) oscillation then became stronger for tone omission than for tone presentation approximately 200 ms after tone onset. The results suggest that auditory input is propagated to the frontal pole via the higher auditory cortex and that a reciprocal network may be involved in the generation of auditory prediction and prediction error. As impairments of prediction may underlie MMN reduction in patients with schizophrenia, an aberrant hierarchical temporal-frontal network might be related to this pathological condition.
Shoplifting Behavior Among Patients With an Eating Disorder at a Medical Correctional Center in Japan: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Miyamoto Etsuko , Okumura Yusuke , Maruo Kazushi , Kitani Seiichi
Published: May 2022

Purpose

In Japan, the incarceration of patients with eating disorders (EDs) owing to repeated shoplifting has become a social issue. This study examined the shoplifting behavior of inmates with EDs at our medical correctional center, with the objective of delineating their characteristics, identifying an adequate treatment plan, and preventing recidivism.

Methods

The participants consisted of 32 incarcerated patients with EDs (22 females, 10 males) charged with shoplifting, from a medical correctional center in East Japan. A cross-sectional study was employed. Data were collected by retrieving the patients' medical records and through individual interviews conducted by psychiatrists.

Results

The food-specific shoplifting ED group (those who had never shoplifted anything other than food) had a core pathology of the binge-purge type of anorexia nervosa with juvenile onset (p = 0.044). Furthermore, they demonstrated an average gap of 8 years between the onset of ED and their first shoplifting episode. The non-specific shoplifting ED group (those who shoplifted food and other items) typically shoplifted before the onset of ED (p = 0.001). They experienced the onset of ED after incarceration (p = 0.004) and had comorbid disorders (p = 0.024). The food-specific group required a psychosocial approach focusing on maintaining healthy body weight and mental stability, whereas the non-specific group required multiple forms of support for substance abuse and behavioral addiction, as well as interventions to reduce impulsive behavior.

Conclusion

Early intervention is necessary to improve the prognosis of patients with EDs and shoplifting behavior.
Clozapine Long-Term Treatment Might Reduce Epigenetic Age Through Hypomethylation of Longevity Regulatory Pathways Genes
Authors: Pérez-Aldana Blanca Estela , Martínez-Magaña José Jaime , Mayén-Lobo Yerye Gibrán , Dávila-Ortiz de Montellano David José , Aviña-Cervantes Carlos Luis , Ortega-Vázquez Alberto , Genis-Mendoza Alma Delia , Sarmiento Emmanuel , Soto-Reyes Ernesto , Juárez-Rojop Isela Esther , Tovilla-Zarate Carlos Alfonso , González-Castro Thelma Beatriz , Nicolini Humberto , López-López Marisol , Monroy-Jaramillo Nancy
Published: May 2022

Long-term studies have shown significantly lower mortality rates in patients with continuous clozapine (CLZ) treatment than other antipsychotics. We aimed to evaluate epigenetic age and DNA methylome differences between CLZ-treated patients and those without psychopharmacological treatment. The DNA methylome was analyzed using the Infinium MethylationEPIC BeadChip in 31 CLZ-treated patients with psychotic disorders and 56 patients with psychiatric disorders naive to psychopharmacological treatment. Delta age (Δage) was calculated as the difference between predicted epigenetic age and chronological age. CLZ-treated patients were stratified by sex, age, and years of treatment. Differential methylation sites between both groups were determined using linear regression models. The Δage in CLZ-treated patients was on average lower compared with drug-naive patients for the three clocks analyzed; however, after data-stratification, this difference remained only in male patients. Additional differences were observed in Hannum and Horvath clocks when comparing chronological age and years of CLZ treatment. We identified 44,716 differentially methylated sites, of which 87.7% were hypomethylated in CLZ-treated patients, and enriched in the longevity pathway genes. Moreover, by protein–protein interaction, AMPK and insulin signaling pathways were found enriched. CLZ could promote a lower Δage in individuals with long-term treatment and modify the DNA methylome of the longevity-regulating pathways genes.
Analyzing Psychotherapy on Twitter: An 11-Year Analysis of Tweets From Major U.S. Media Outlets
Authors: Alvarez-Mon Miguel A. , Fernandez-Lazaro Cesar Ignacio , Ortega Miguel A. , Vidal Cristina , Molina-Ruiz Rosa M. , Alvarez-Mon Melchor , Martínez-González Miguel A.
Published: May 2022

Background

The Internet has become the main source of information on health issues, and information now determines the therapeutic preferences of patients. For this reason, it is relevant to analyze online information discussing psychotherapy.

Objective

To investigate tweets posted by 25 major US media outlets between 2009 and 2019 concerning psychotherapy.

Methods

We investigated tweets posted by 25 major US media outlets about psychotherapy between January 2009 and December 2019 as well as the likes generated. In addition, we measured the sentiment analysis of these tweets.

Results

Most of the tweets analyzed focused on Mindfulness (5,498), while a low number were related to Psychoanalysis (376) and even less to Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy (61). Surprisingly, Computer-supported therapy, Psychodynamic therapy, Systemic therapy, Acceptance and commitment therapy, and Dialectical behavior therapy did not generate any tweet. In terms of content, efficacy was the main focus of the posted tweets, receiving Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy and Mindfulness a positive appraisal.

Conclusions

US media outlets focused their interest on Mindfulness which may have contributed to the growing popularity in the past years of this therapeutic modality.
The Development of GABAergic Network in Depression in Recent 17 Years: A Visual Analysis Based on CiteSpace and VOSviewer
Authors: Lin Jieping , Ling Fa , Huang Ping , Chen Min , Song Min , Lu Kangrong , Wang Wanshan
Published: May 2022

In this study, we analyzed the status and research trends of the GABAergic system in depression from 2004 to 2020 to provide a reference for further research. The Web of Science database was used as the data source and 1,658 publishments were included. Using two visualization analysis software, CiteSpace and VOSviewer, we analyzed the publishing years, countries, institutions, authors, journals, categories, keywords, and research frontiers in depression. The publishments revealed an upward trend from 2004 to 2020; the most prolific country and institutions were the United States and INSERM, respectively. The journal of Neuroscience was the most published and cited journal. The most relevant category was neurosciences. The hot topics in this field were GABAergic research in Gaba(a) receptor; the research frontier was depressive model. These analysis results provide a new perspective for researchers to conduct studies on related topics in the future and guidance for scientists to identify potential collaborators and research cooperation institutions.
Prevalence, Factor Structure and Correlates of DSM-5-TR Criteria for Prolonged Grief Disorder
Authors: Treml Julia , Brähler Elmar , Kersting Anette
Published: May 2022

Background

Prolonged Grief Disorder (PGD) is now included in Section II of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th Edition, Text Revision (DSM-5-TR). To understand the health burden and then allocate economic and professional resources, it is necessary to provide epidemiological data for this new disorder. This is especially relevant since the new diagnostic criteria differ from its predecessors, which may affect the generalizability of previous findings. More information on the characteristics of people suffering from PGD is also beneficial to better identify individuals at risk. This study, therefore, aimed to estimate the prevalence of the new PGD criteria in a representative population-based sample, evaluate the factor structure, sociodemographic, and loss-related correlates of PGD caseness and explore possible predictors.

Methods

Out of a representative sample of the German general population (N = 2,531), n = 1,371 (54.2%) reported to have experienced a significant loss throughout lifetime. Participants provided sociodemographic data and loss-related characteristics. PGD symptoms were measured using items from the German versions of the Prolonged Grief Scale (PG-13) and the Inventory of Complicated Grief (ICG), which could be matched to the DSM-5-TR criteria for PGD.

Results

The conditional prevalence of PGD was 3.4% (n = 47). The most frequently reported symptoms were intense emotional pain and intense yearning or longing for the deceased. The confirmatory factor analysis confirmed a unidimensional model of PGD. Regression analysis demonstrated that time since the death, the relationship to the deceased, and unpreparedness for the death were significant predictors of PGD.

Conclusion

Although the prevalence of 3.4% using the new diagnostic criteria is lower than the prevalence previously suggested by a meta-analysis, PGD remains a substantial disorder in the general population. In particular, the loss of a partner or child increases the risk for PGD, as does unpreparedness for the death of a loved one. Clinicians should pay particular attention to these high-risk groups. Further clinical implications are discussed.
Grit and Life Satisfaction Among College Students During the Recurrent Outbreak of COVID-19 in China: The Mediating Role of Depression and the Moderating Role of Stressful Life Events
Authors: Liu Haidong , Yu Zhijun , Ye Baojuan , Yang Qiang
Published: May 2022

The global recurrent outbreak of COVID-19 has brought immense psychological distress to those affected. We conducted this study to explore the relationship among grit, stressful life events, depression, and life satisfaction in college students during the recurrent outbreak of COVID-19. According to the properties of the bias-corrected bootstrap method, we surveyed 888 college students, with an average age of 20.84 (SD = 1.57) years. Participants completed questionnaires regarding grit, depression, stressful life events, and life satisfaction. The results showed that 1) grit was correlated with life satisfaction (r = 0.426, p < 0.001); 2) depression mediated the relationship between grit and life satisfaction [indirect effect = 0.0292, SE = 0.009, 95% CIboot = (0.135, 0.500)]; 3) The relationship between grit and depression was moderated by stressful life events (β = 0.107, SE = 0.028, p < 0.001, 95% CI [0.053, 0.161]). The association between grit and depression became weaker for college students with high stressful life events. The results indicated that concerned about depression and stressful life events may be the main targets for improving life satisfaction among college students during the recurrent outbreak of COVID-19.
Quality Assessment of YouTube Videos as an Information Source for Testicular Torsion
Authors: Bai Gaochen , Pan Xi , Zhao Tianxin , Chen Xiong , Liu Guochang , Fu Wen
Published: May 2022

Background:

Testicular torsion is an acute scrotal disease requiring urgent management, and the COVID-19 pandemic has been demonstrated to lead to poor outcomes for this disease. Presently, many people tend to seek health information via YouTube. This study aims to quantitatively assess the quality of English YouTube video content as an information source of testicular torsion.

Methods

In this cross-sectional study, a search was performed with the search term “testicular torsion” on YouTube, and the first 100 videos listed by relevance were selected for our analysis. Duplicate, non-English, videos without audio and surgical videos were excluded. Video features (duration, number of days online, views, likes, comments), source of the video, and author's country were collected. Each video included in the study was assessed using DISCERN and Journal of the American Medical Association (JAMA) Benchmark Criteria. A correlation analysis was performed considering video features, video source, DISCERN scores and JAMA scores.

Results

A total of 66 videos were included and analyzed. The most common video content was general information, including etiology, symptoms, and treatment. The majority of videos were from education and training websites (30%), physicians (23%), and independent users (21%). The mean DISCERN and JAMA scores were 36.56 and 2.68, respectively. According to DISCERN, the quality of video uploaded by physicians was relatively high (P < 0.001), and the quality of video uploaded by independent users was relatively low (P < 0.001). The JAMA score had no relevance to the video source (P = 0.813). The correlation between the video features, DISCERN and JAMA scores was controversial by different assessment methods.

Conclusions

Despite most of the videos on YouTube being uploaded by medical or education-related authors, the overall quality was poor. The misleading, inaccurate and incomplete information may pose a health risk to the viewers, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic. Much effort needs to be undertaken to improve the quality of health-related videos regarding testicular torsion.
Real-Time Inference With 2D Convolutional Neural Networks on Field Programmable Gate Arrays for High-Rate Particle Imaging Detectors
Authors: Jwa Yeon-jae , Di Guglielmo Giuseppe , Arnold Lukas , Carloni Luca , Karagiorgi Georgia
Published: May 2022

We present a custom implementation of a 2D Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) as a viable application for real-time data selection in high-resolution and high-rate particle imaging detectors, making use of hardware acceleration in high-end Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs). To meet FPGA resource constraints, a two-layer CNN is optimized for accuracy and latency with KerasTuner, and networkquantizationis further used to minimize the computing resource utilization of the network. We use “High Level Synthesis for Machine Learning” (hls4ml) tools to test CNN deployment on a Xilinx UltraScale+ FPGA, which is an FPGA technology proposed for use in the front-end readout system of the future Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment (DUNE) particle detector. We evaluate network accuracy and estimate latency and hardware resource usage, and comment on the feasibility of applying CNNs for real-time data selection within the currently planned DUNE data acquisition system. This represents the first-ever exploration of employing 2D CNNs on FPGAs for DUNE.
Coaching Servant Leadership: Scale Development and Validation
Authors: Takamatsu Shohei
Published: May 2022

This study aimed to develop a valid and reliable scale for measuring coaching servant leadership in different contexts (Japan and the United States). First, potential items were collected in Japan using both deductive (i.e., literature review) and inductive (i.e., surveys among 103 coaches and 34 university students) approaches and narrowed down via content validity assessment by 10 experts. Next, quantitative studies were conducted to validate the scale's construct validity, among 936 high school athletes from Japan. Finally, the scale's applicability to the US context was demonstrated, among 278 university athletes in the US. The analyses resulted in a six-factor model with 17 items to assess coaching servant leadership behaviors: (1) acceptance; (2) shared vision; (3) empowerment; (4) dedication; (5) humility; and (6) winning second. In conclusion, this study developed a coaching servant leadership scale by applying both deductive and inductive approaches and deemed it applicable not only in Japan but also in the US. It is anticipated that future studies will examine the impact of coaching servant leadership on athletes in detail, with findings applied in practice for the development of coaches.
A Comparative Study of Hip Arthroplasty and Closed Reduction Proximal Femur Nail in the Treatment of Elderly Patients with Hip Fractures
Authors: Zhou Xianchao , Shen Xiang
Published: May 2022

Objective

To compare the clinical effect of hip arthroplasty and closed reduction intramedullary nailing of proximal femur in the treatment of elderly hip fracture patients.

Methods

There are 90 elderly hip fracture patients being recruited in the present study. Fifty patients in Group A received closed reduction intramedullary nailing of proximal femur, and 40 patients in Group B received hip arthroplasty. All patients were followed up for 12 months after surgery, clinical outcomes included surgical indicators, visual analog scale (VAS) score, Harris score, quality of life, mental status, and complications.

Results

The surgery time, bleeding volume, infusion volume of patients in Group A are all significantly lower than those in Group B (p < 0.05), while the weight-bearing activity time and first workout time of Group A are all significantly higher than those in Group B (p < 0.05). The VAS score in patients of Group A at 1 week postoperative is significantly lower than that in patients of Group B (p < 0.05). The Harris score in patients of Group A at 3, 6, and 12 months postoperative are all significantly higher than those in patients of Group B (p < 0.05), and the excellent and good rate of hip function recovery at 12 months postoperative in patient of Group A is significantly lower than that in patients of Group B (80% vs. 95%, p < 0.05). Furthermore, The score of SF-36 standardized physical component, SF-36 standardized mental component and Barthel in patients of Group A at 6 months postoperative are significantly lower than those in patients of Group B (p < 0.05), and the score of mini-mental state examination is significantly higher (p < 0.05), while there are not significantly different at 12 months postoperative (p > 0.05). The incidence of postoperative complications in Group A was significantly lower than that in Group B (10% vs. 27.5%, p < 0.05).

Conclusion

Elderly hip fracture patients treated with closed reduction intramedullary nailing of proximal femur has less surgical trauma and lower complication rates, but slower postoperative recovery compared with hip arthroplasty.