bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Study on High Speed Milling of Steam Turbine Blade Materials - Differences in Cutting Characteristics of Titanium Alloy and Stainless Steel
Authors: Kimura Tomonori , Kamijo Tatsuyuki , Sawa Takekazu
Published: October 2016

Titanium alloy and stainless steel are used as steam turbine blade materials. However, their machining efficiency is low because they are difficult-to-cut materials. In particular, the high cutting point temperature and short tool life are major problems. Highspeed milling can reduce the cutting point temperature and tool wear. In this study, highspeed milling of a titanium alloy and stainless steel was investigated for the high-efficiency cutting of a steam turbine blade. In the experiment, workpieces were made of titanium alloy Ti-6Al-4V and stainless steel 13Cr. The experiment was conducted at cutting speeds from 100 m/min to 600 m/min. The flank wear increased rapidly with increase in the cutting speed. The loss of the coating on the flank of the end mill was confirmed via energy-dispersive Xray spectroscopy analysis. It was demonstrated that the cutting point temperature was higher than the heat resistance temperature of the coating. The cutting point temperature was analyzed using AdvantEdge FEM. It was found that the cutting point temperature at a cutting speed of 350 m/min or more was higher than the heat resistance temperature of the coating. On the other hand, in the case of the stainless steel 13Cr, the flank wear increased in proportion to the cutting speed, and the loss of the coating on the flank of the end mill was also confirmed. However, the loss of the coating was less than that in the case of the titanium alloy. It was found that the high-speed milling of the stainless steel did not reach the heat resistance temperature of the coating. The cutting characteristics of the high-speed milling of the titanium alloy and stainless steel differed, which was mainly attributed to the difference in the thermal conductivity. In the high-speed milling of the titanium alloy Ti-6Al-4V and stainless steel 13Cr, it was not possible to determine the factors that result in a low cutting point temperature. If the cutting point temperature is lower than the heat resistance temperature of the coating, high-speed milling may be possible. Therefore, the ways in which the cutting point temperature can be lowered will be examined in the future.
Identification of Aluminum Alloy Flow Stress to Determine FEM Analysis Constitutive Equation for Machining Material
Authors: Nakamura Takashi , Sasahara Hiroyuki , Kusunose Shota , Nishizaki Itaru
Published: October 2016

To predict accurate cutting forces and residual stresses while machining products or to design optimum machining conditions like friction stir welding (FSW), FEM analyses are effective because they can reduce the cost of product design and improve product qualities. In order to conduct these FEM analyses precisely, it is necessary to determine accurate flow stresses of workpieces used for the constitutive equations of analyses that generally have a wide range of temperatures and strain rates. Correct identification of flow stress can lead to better analysis results close to actual phenomenon.
In this study, focusing on 6061-T6 aluminum alloy used for objects such as civil engineering structures and railway vehicle bodies, we investigated the properties for machining the material. For this, we carried out an inverse analysis to understand the flow stress of 6061-T6 machined at high-strain rates and high temperatures. Then, we used this identified flow stress in the constitutive equation of FEM models, and inspected the accuracy of material properties conducting verification experiments and analyses to check the cutting forces and chip temperature while machining. As a result, we obtained good correlations between verification experiments and an analysis, which means the identified flow stress can be used for precise FEM analyses when machining materials.
High Speed Measuring of a Grinding Tool Surface Topography by a Voronoi Diagram
Authors: Sakaguchi Akihiro , Kawashita Tomoyuki , Kawaguchi Tadafumi , Matsui Shoutoku , Maeda Junya , Matsuo Shuji
Published: October 2016

It is very important that a grinding tool surface topography is measured and analyzed. In this paper, a line scan camera is installed in our three dimensional measurement system by shortening a measurement time. In this experiment, a diamond grinding wheel SD140Q100M is employed. As a result, the time can be reduced to about 24[s] from 1380[s]. On the other hand, a voronoi diagram is introduced as an evaluation method of a distribution of cutting edges on the grinding tool. According this method, the dispersion can be visualized. Furthermore, it is found that the voronoi region has a relation to a protrusion height of the cutting edge.
Stochastic Simulation of Tape Grinding for Wafer-Like Workpiece
Authors: Shimada Keita , Watanabe Ayaka , Takasu Yoshifumi , Mizutani Masayoshi , Kuriyagawa Tunemoto
Published: October 2016

Advanced semiconductor materials including silicon carbide and gallium nitride possess excellent properties like high hardness, and high heat and chemical resistance compared to silicon. Such properties reversely prevent efficient production of wafers, therefore a new wafer finishing method, tape grinding, is developed to improve productivity. This paper proposes a simulation method of tape grinding, which method is developed by modifying the stochastic approach developed for plunge grinding. The distribution of abrasive grains on the grinding tape is represented by number density, and the material existence probability that is represented by Abbott-Firestone curve is modified by considering machining parameters. Tape grinding process were then conducted to confirm the calculation method.
Grinding Characteristics of Waspaloy with High-Speed Reciprocation Grinding
Authors: Yoshihara Nobuhito , Fukuda Yuta , Houman Masatsugu , Nishikawa Naohiro , Mizuno Masahiro
Published: October 2016

Grinding machines that employ a high-speed reciprocating worktable or wheel head are known as high-speed reciprocation grinding. Grinding heat generated in the high-speed reciprocation grinding process is low. Therefore, it is considered that the high-speed reciprocation grinding is suitable for grinding material of low thermal conductivity. In this study, the high-speed reciprocation grinding is applied to grind nickel-based super alloy “Waspaloy” which is known as difficult-to-cut material. And grinding characteristics of Waspaloy are investigated. As a result, it is found that the effect of grinding heat is smaller than the effect of grain depth of cut in grinding process of Waspaloy.
Rate of Proven Rheumatic Diseases in a Large Collective of Referrals to an Outpatient Rheumatology Clinic under Routine Conditions
Authors: Feuchtenberger Martin , Nigg Axel Philipp , Kraus Michael Rupert , Schäfer Arne
Published: October 2016

The prognostic significance of early diagnosis and therapeutic intervention in inflammatory rheumatic diseases has been well documented. However, a shortage of rheumatologists often impedes this approach in clinical practice. Therefore, it is of importance to identify those patients referred for diagnosis who would benefit most from a specialist's care. We applied a telephone-based triage for appointment allocation during routine care. This retrospective, monocentric analysis evaluated the efficacy of our triage to identify patients with rheumatic disease with special regard to initial appointment category (elective, early arthritis clinic (EAC), or emergency appointment). Of the 1,782 patients assessed, 718 (40.3%) presented with an inflammatory rheumatic disease, and there were significant discrepancies between the appointment categories: elective 26.2%, EAC 49.2% ( P < 0.001) and emergency appointment 56.6% ( P < 0.001). We found that 61.2% of patients were allocated to the correct diagnostic category (inflammatory or noninflammatory) solely based on the telephone-based triage and 67.1% based on the combination of triage and C-reactive protein (CRP) count.
Approaching Long Genomic Regions and Large Recombination Rates with msParSm as an Alternative to MaCS
Authors: Montemuiño Carlos , Espinosa Antonio , Moure Juan C. , Vera Gonzalo , Hernández Porfidio , Ramos-Onsins Sebastián
Published: October 2016

The msParSm application is an evolution of msPar, the parallel version of the coalescent simulation program ms, which removes the limitation for simulating long stretches of DNA sequences with large recombination rates, without compromising the accuracy of the standard coalescence. This work introduces msParSm, describes its significant performance improvements over msPar and its shared memory parallelization details, and shows how it can get better, if not similar, execution times than MaCS. Two case studies with different mutation rates were analyzed, one approximating the human average and the other approximating the Drosophila melanogaster average. Source code is available at https://github.com/cmontemuino/msparsm .
SNP Marker Discovery in Pima Cotton (Gossypium barbadense L.) Leaf Transcriptomes
Authors: Kottapalli Pratibha , Ulloa Mauricio , Kottapalli Kameswara Rao , Payton Paxton , Burke John
Published: October 2016

The objective of this study was to explore the known narrow genetic diversity and discover single-nucleotide polymorphic (SNP) markers for marker-assisted breeding within Pima cotton ( Gossypium barbadense L.) leaf transcriptomes. cDNA from 25-day plants of three diverse cotton genotypes [Pima S6 (PS6), Pima S7 (PS7), and Pima 3-79 (P3-79)] was sequenced on Illumina sequencing platform. A total of 28.9 million reads (average read length of 138 bp) were generated by sequencing cDNA libraries of these three genotypes. The de novo assembly of reads generated transcriptome sets of 26,369 contigs for PS6, 25,870 contigs for PS7, and 24,796 contigs for P3-79. A Pima leaf reference transcriptome was generated consisting of 42,695 contigs. More than 10,000 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were identified between the genotypes, with 100% SNP frequency and a minimum of eight sequencing reads. The most prevalent SNP substitutions were C–-T and A–-G in these cotton genotypes. The putative SNPs identified can be utilized for characterizing genetic diversity, genotyping, and eventually in Pima cotton breeding through marker-assisted selection.
Minimal mass blow up solutions for a double power nonlinear Schrödinger equation
Authors: Le Coz Stefan , Martel Yvan , Raphaël Pierre
Published: October 2016

We consider a nonlinear Schrödinger equation with double power nonlinearity

i\partial_tu +\Delta u+|u|^{4/d}u+\epsilon |u|^{p-1}u=0, \quad \epsilon\in\{-1,0,1\}, \quad 1 < p <1 + \frac 4d

in

\mathbb R^d

(

d=1,2,3

). Classical variational arguments ensure that

H^1(\mathbb R^d)

data with

\|{u_0}\|_{2}<\|{Q}\|_{2}

lead to global in time solutions, where

Q

is the ground state of the mass critical problem (

\epsilon=0

). We are interested by the threshold dynamic

\|{u_0}\|_{2}=\|{Q}\|_{2}

and in particular by the existence of finite time blow up minimal solutions. For

\epsilon=0

, such an object exists thanks to the explicit conformal symmetry, and is in fact unique from the seminal work [22]. For

\epsilon=-1

, simple variational arguments ensure that minimal mass data lead to global in time solutions. We investigate in this paper the case

\epsilon=1

, exhibiting a new class of minimal blow up solutions with blow up rates deeply affected by the double power nonlinearity. The analysis adapts the recent approach [31] for the construction of minimal blow up elements.
О погружении кэлеровых многообразий в классе выпуклых подмногообразий
Authors: Borisenko Alexander Andreevich
Published: October 2016

Доказано,
что действительное полное кэлерово выпуклое подмногообразие
в евклидовом пространстве расщепляется как метрическое произведение
двумерных поверхностей положительной гауссовой кривизны
в трехмерных евклидовых пространствах и евклидова подпространства.
Дано также обобщение теоремы В. К. Белошапки и С. Н. Бычкова
на случай выпуклых подмногообразий произвольной коразмерности.
Библиография: 8 названий.
Матрицы Риордана и обобщенные ряды Лагранжа
Authors: Burlachenko Evgenii Vasil'evich
Published: October 2016

Теория матриц Риордана изучает свойства формальных степенных
рядов и их последовательностей. Понятие обобщенных рядов
Лагранжа, предлагаемое в данной статье, призвано заполнить
пробел в методологии этой теории. Обобщенные ряды Лагранжа
присутствуют в ней неявно, в виде различных равенств.
Специального обозначения они не имеют, хотя частными случаями
этих рядов являются обобщенный биномиальный и обобщенный
экспоненциальный ряд. В статье дается определение обобщенных
рядов Лагранжа, рассматривается их связь с обыкновенными
матрицами Риордана и отдельно с экспоненциальными матрицами
Риордана.
Библиография: 11 названий.
О коэффициентах Фурье лакунарных систем
Authors: Astashkin Sergei Vladimirovich , Semenov Evgenii Mikhailovich
Published: October 2016

Доказано, что пространство Зигмунда $L(\ln L)^{1/2}$ -
наибольшее среди симметричных пространств $X$, для
которых из любой равномерно ограниченной
ортонормированной системы функций можно выделить
такую последовательность, что соответствующее
пространство коэффициентов Фурье $F(X)$ совпадает
с $\ell_2$. Аналогичные результаты справедливы также
для симметричных пространств, лежащих между
пространствами $L(\ln L)^{1/2}$ и $L_1$.
Библиография: 20 названий.
О выпуклости образов нелинейных интегральных операторов
Authors: Kokurin Mikhail Yur'evich
Published: October 2016

Исследуются непрерывные нелинейные интегральные операторы
типа Урысона, действующие из пространств вектор-функций
с суммируемыми компонентами в пространства непрерывных
функций. Получены условия, при которых образы множеств,
определяемых поточечными ограничениями, под действием
указанных операторов имеют выпуклое замыкание. Результат
используется при обосновании способа конструктивной
аппроксимации этих образов и при получении необходимого
условия разрешимости интегральных уравнений типа Урысона.
Обосновывается численный метод отыскания невязки уравнений
данного типа на рассматриваемых множествах.
Библиография: 14 названий.
Кривизна Риччи взвешенного дерева
Authors: Rubleva Olga Vladimirovna
Published: October 2016

Получена формула для грубой кривизны Риччи для взвешенных деревьев
со случайным блужданием на множестве их вершин.
В качестве следствия показано, что структура бинарного дерева
восстанавливается с точностью до изоморфизма
по матрице попарных кривизн Риччи его вершин.
Библиография 10 названий.
О функциональных пространствах для квантовых систем со связями
Authors: Shvedov Oleg Yurievich
Published: October 2016

Рассматриваются различные реализации гильбертова пространства
состояний для квантовых систем с линейными связями.
Одной из реализаций является пополнение пространства Шварца
со скалярным произведением, отличающимся от $L^2$.
Другая реализация - специальный класс обобщенных функций
со скалярным произведением. Построен изоморфизм этих реализаций,
исследованы свойства операторов.
Библиография: 18 названий.
Простые конечномерные правоальтернативные супералгебры с унитарной четной частью над полем характеристики $0$
Authors: Pchelintsev Sergey Valentinovich , Shashkov Oleg Vladimirovich
Published: October 2016

Алгебра, полученная внешним присоединением единицы
к ниль-алгебре, называется унитарной. Доказано, что
простая конечномерная правоальтернативная супералгебра
с унитарной четной частью над полем характеристики $0$
ассоциативна.
Библиография: 8 названий.
Асимптотические свойства решений задачи Дирихле в полуплоскости для некоторых дифференциально-разностных эллиптических уравнений
Authors: Muravnik Andrey Borisovich
Published: October 2016

Рассматривается задача Дирихле в полуплоскости для эллиптических
уравнений, содержащих, кроме дифференциальных операторов, оператор
сдвига по переменной, параллельной границе области. Исследуется
поведение решения при неограниченном возрастании переменной,
ортогональной границе области.
Библиография: 16 названий.
К прямому методу Ляпунова для полудинамических систем
Authors: Kalitin Boris Sergeevich
Published: October 2016

В заметке рассматривается проблема устойчивости замкнутых инвариантных множеств
полудинамических систем,
определяемых на произвольном метрическом пространстве.
Сформулированы основные теоремы второго метода Ляпунова
для свойства равномерной устойчивости и
равномерной асимптотической устойчивости (локальной и глобальной).
Приведены иллюстрирующие примеры.
Библиография: 21 название.
Об идемпотентных $\tau$-измеримых операторах, присоединенных к алгебре фон Неймана
Authors: Bikchentaev Airat Midkhatovich
Published: October 2016

Пусть $\tau$ - точный нормальный полуконечный след
на алгебре фон Неймана $\mathscr M$, число $0
2$ и $A=A^n\in\mathscr M$.
Тогда 1) если $A\ne 0$, то перестановка $\mu_t(A)$
принимает значения в множестве
$\{0\}\cup[\|A^{n-2}\|^{-1},\|A\|]$
для всех $t>0$; 2), либо $\mu_t(A)\ge 1$ для
всех $t>0$, либо существует такое $t_0>0$, что
$\mu_t(A)=0$ для всех $t>t_0$. Для каждого
$\tau$-измеримого идемпотента $Q$ существует
единственный ранговый проектор $P\in\mathscr M$
с $QP=P$, $PQ=Q$ и $P\mathscr M=Q\mathscr M$.
Существует единственное разложение $Q=P+Z$, где
$Z^2=0$ и $ZP=0$, $PZ=Z$. При этом если
$Q\in L_p(\mathscr M,\tau)$, то $P$ интегрируем
и для $p=1$ имеем $\tau(Q)=\tau(P)$. Если
$A\in L_1(\mathscr M,\tau)$ с $A=A^3$
и $A-A^2\in\mathscr M$, то $\tau(A)\in\mathbb R$.
Библиография: 15 названий.
Асимптотический закон распределения простых чисел специального вида
Authors: Eminyan Karapet Mkrtichevich
Published: October 2016

Пусть $\mathbb{N}_0$ - множество натуральных чисел,
двоичные разложения которых имеют четное число единиц,
$\mathbb{N}_1=\mathbb{N} \setminus \mathbb{N}_0$.
В работе получены асимптотические формулы
для количества простых чисел $p$, не превосходящих $X$ и таких,
что $p\in \mathbb{N}_i$, $p+1\in \mathbb{N}_j$, где $i$ и $j$
независимо друг от друга принимают значения 0, 1.
Библиография: 13 названий.
Приближение в $L_2$ частичными интегралами преобразования Фурье по собственным функциям оператора Штурма-Лиувилля
Authors: Gorbachev Dmitry Viktorovich , Ivanov Valerii Ivanovich
Published: October 2016

Для приближений в пространстве $L_2(\mathbb{R}_+)$
частичными интегралами преобразования Фурье по собственным функциям
оператора Штурма-Лиувилля доказано неравенство Джексона
с точной константой и оптимальным аргументом в модуле непрерывности.
Оптимальность аргумента в модуле непрерывности устанавливается
с помощью квадратурной формулы Гаусса на полупрямой по нулям
собственной функции оператора Штурма-Лиувилля.
Библиография: 23 названия.
Связь аналитической теории чисел с понятием дезинформации
Authors: Maslov Victor Pavlovich
Published: October 2016

Вводится понятие дезинформации как объекта,
аннулируемого соответствующей информацией.
Анализируется связь этого объекта с абстрактной
аналитической теорий чисел и термодинамикой.
Приводится модель Назайкинского для энтропии
в такой статистике, которая содержит только
статистику бозе и ферми газов (и исключает
парастатистику).
Библиография: 12 названий.
Homeomorphisms on compact metric spaces with finite derived length
Authors: Kannan V , Gopal Sharan
Published: October 2016

The sets of periodic points of self homeomorphisms on an ordinal of finite derived length are characterised, thus characterising the same for homeomorphisms on compact metric spaces with finite derived length. A partition of ordinal is introduced to study this problem which is also used to solve two more problems: one about an equivalence relation and the other about a group action, both on an ordinal of finite derived length.
Circumstances and Conditions in the Accreditation Process of University Degrees at the Albacete School of Industrial Engineering (Spain)
Authors: Miguel-Eguía V. , García-Teruel M. , Martínez-Martínez J.A. , García-Sevilla F.
Published: October 2016

This work considers some of the main aspects involved during the period that elapsed between the validation of our degrees to the present time, which the School of Industrial Engineers of Albacete are currently under-going. One of the most disturbing factors has been teaching staff, who have been subjected to Spain’s economic circumstances. Other considerations, related to some difficulties of the re-accreditation process, have also been taken into account. Finally, we point out that although new learning methodologies were expected, the scope and the way Quality systems operate have arrived somewhat late.
Daughter of Eve, "Femme Fatale", and Persecuted Artist: The Mythic Transgressive Woman in Oscar Wilde's and Richard Strauss's "Salome"
Authors: Blackmer Corinne E
Published: October 2016

Historically, Salome was an unexceptional figure who never catalyzed John the Baptist's death. However, in Christian Scripture, she becomes the dancing seductress as fallen daughter of Eve.  Her stepfather Herod promises Salome his kingdom if she dances for him, but she follows her mother’s wish to have John beheaded. In Strauss’s opera, after Wilde's Symbolist-Decadent play, Salome becomes independent of Herodias’ will, and the mythic avatar of the femme fatale and persecuted artist who Herod has killed after she kisses John's severed head.  Her signature key of C# major, resolving to the C major sung by Herod and Jokanaan at her death, represent her tragic fate musically.
Lurkers, creepers, and virtuous interactivity: From property rights to consent and care as a conceptual basis for privacy concerns and information ethics
Authors: Wittkower Dylan Eric
Published: October 2016

Exchange of personal information online is usually conceptualized according to an economic model that treats personal information as data owned by the persons these data are ‘about.’ This leads to a distinct set of concerns having to do with data ownership, data mining, profits, and exploitation, which do not closely correspond to the concerns about privacy that people actually have. A post-phenomenological perspective, oriented by feminist ethics of care, urges us to figure out how privacy concerns arrive in fundamentally human contexts and to speak to that, rather than trying to convince people to care about privacy as it is juridically conceived and articulated. By considering exchanges of personal information in a human-to-human online informational economy — being friends on social networking sites — we can identify an alternate set of concerns: consent, respect, lurking, and creepiness. I argue that these concerns will provide a better guide to both users and companies about prudence and ethics in information economies than the existing discourse around ‘privacy.’
The Use of a Daily Quiz ‘TOPday’ as Supportive Learning Method for Medical Students
Authors: Maessen Martijn F. H. , Fluit Cornelia R. M. G. , Holla Micha , Drost Gea , Vorstenbosch Marc A. T. M. , De Waal Malefijt Maarten C. , Kooloos Jan G. M. , Tanck Esther
Published: October 2016

Medical students consider anatomy, neurology, and traumatology as difficult study topics. A recent study showed that the daily quiz ‘Two Opportunities to Practice per day (TOPday)’ positively supported biomedical students in analyzing and solving biomechanical problems. The main purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of TOPday on self-confidence, enthusiasm, and test results for the topics anatomy, neurology and traumatology. Second-year medical students were enrolled in a four-week course on the human skeletal system at the Radboudumc (n = 799). They were randomized over three topic groups (anatomy, neurology, and traumatology) and received TOPday quizzes on every course day. At the end of the course students filled in a non-anonymous questionnaire. Students highly appreciated TOPday (7.5±0.9) and this did not differ between groups (anatomy: 7.4±0.8; neurology: 7.4±1.1; traumatology: 7.5±0.8; P = 0.68). Many students reported that TOPday increased their self-confidence (65% of the students) and enthusiasm (69% of the students) for their topic. However, test results of the students did not improve. A potential explanation for the latter result may relate to the different cognitive processes that are required to study anatomy, neurology, and traumatology compared to biomechanics. In conclusion, appreciation, self-confidence and enthusiasm were positively associated with TOPday, but test results were not.
La Ciencia de la Enfermería
Authors: Licona Rivera Tania Soledad
Published: October 2016

FE DE ERRATAS En la Editorial, de la Revista Científica de la Escuela Universitaria de las Ciencias de la Salud, 2014; 1 (1): 3-4. Se escribió: La Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Honduras fue creada en 1847. En 1958, (un año después de obtener la autonomía) se crea en la ciudad industrial de San Pedro Sula su primer Centro Universitario Regional del Norte (CURN).Debe leerse así: La Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Honduras fue creada en 1847, en San Pedro Sula, sobre la base de la Facultad de Ciencias Económicas fundada en 1955 y las secciones del Centro Universitario de Estudios Generales, que comenzaron a funcionar en 1966, se crea el Centro Universitario Regional del Norte (CURN), en 1975. La autonomía Universitaria fue obtenida en el año 1957.Referencia: Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Honduras UNAH-VS. Modelo Teórico de la UNAH-VS, marzo 2008. P 13.Por favor, vea la notificación de errata DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5377/rceucs.v1i2.2884Rev. Cient. Esc. Univ. Cienc. Salud, Vol.1(1) 2014: 3-4
Irah Kučerová: Střední Evropa. Komparace vývoje středoevropských států
Authors: Naxera Vladimír
Published: October 2016

Knižní recenze / Book review.
EMERGÊNCIA E DESENVOLVIMENTO INICIAL DE PLÂNTULAS DE Cassia grandis L. f. EM FUNÇÃO DE DIFERENTES SUBSTRATOS
Authors: Leal Caio César Pereira , Torres Salvador Barros , Brito Aldiclebson Augusto Fernandes de , Freitas Rômulo Magno Oliveira de , Nogueira Narjara Walessa
Published: October 2016

Atualmente, busca-se utilizar substratos constituídos, principalmente, de resíduos orgânicos, a fim de diminuir os custos com adubação química. Nesse sentido, o experimento teve como objetivo avaliar diferentes tipos de substratos para a emergência e desenvolvimento inicial de plântulas de cássia-rosa (Cassia grandis L. f.). O experimento foi conduzido em casa de vegetação do Departamento de Ciências Vegetais da Universidade Federal Rural do Semiárido (UFERSA), em Mossoró - RN, no período de abril a maio de 2012. Os substratos utilizados foram: terra vegetal + palha de arroz (nas proporções de 1:1, 1:3 e 3:1), terra vegetal + pó de madeira (nas proporções de 1:1, 1:3 e 3:1), terra vegetal + fibra de coco (nas proporções de 1:1, 1:3 e 3:1), terra vegetal + casca de castanha-de-caju (nas proporções de 1:1, 1:3 e 3:1) e terra vegetal (testemunha). O delineamento estatístico utilizado foi o inteiramente casualizado, com 13 tratamentos (combinações dos substratos), em quatro repetições de 25 sementes e as médias submetidas ao teste de Skot-knott (pr<0,05). Foram avaliadas as variáveis porcentagem e velocidade de emergência, comprimento da parte aérea, comprimento de raiz e massa seca da parte aérea, massa seca da raiz e massa seca total. De acordo com os resultados, os substratos terra vegetal + pó de madeira (1:1) e terra vegetal + fibra de coco (1:3) foram os mais apropriados, proporcionando melhores resultados em emergência, massa seca da parte aérea, comprimento da parte aérea, massa seca da raiz e comprimento da raiz. Por outro lado, verificou-se que o substrato composto com terra vegetal e casca de castanha-de-caju (1:3) mostrou-se inadequado para a emergência de plântulas de cássia-rosa.
CONDIÇÕES AMBIENTAIS DE FRAGMENTOS FLORESTAIS EM COMPARTIMENTOS GEOMORFOLÓGICOS E PEDOLÓGICOS EM PEQUENOS TRIBUTÁRIOS NO BAIXO JACUÍ
Authors: Scipioni Marcelo Callegari , Galvão Franklin , Longhi Solon Jonas , Pedron Fabrício de Araújo
Published: October 2016

Fragmentos de Floresta Estacional Decidual Aluvial e Submontana encontram-se ao longo de um gradiente com uma grande variação geomorfológica e pedológica. Assim, para entender as condições nesses ambientes, foram estudadas de forma detalhada as condições de solos e as formas de relevo presentes em pequenos tributários de uma microbacia de geologia sedimentar, no município de Pantano Grande, Rio Grande do Sul. Para levantar essas variáveis foram instaladas 200 parcelas de 100 m² distribuídas em 40 pontos amostrais com 5 parcelas cada, desde as cabeceiras de drenagem até a planície de inundação do rio Jacuí. Em cada unidade amostral foram coletadas amostras superficiais de solos para análise de fertilidade e composição granulométrica. Foram determinadas 16 classes de solos até o quarto nível categórico e 12 compartimentos geomorfológico e pedológico. A análise de ordenação demonstrou diferenças entre os pontos amostrais da planície e vertentes. As variáveis, altimetria, declive, textura do solo, H + Al e CTC foram as mais importantes na análise da ordenação do ambiente.
ESTRUTURA POPULACIONAL E REGENERAÇÃO DE ESPÉCIES ARBÓREAS NA FLORESTA NACIONAL DE SÃO FRANCISCO DE PAULA, RIO GRANDE DO SUL
Authors: Avila Angela Luciana de , Araujo Maristela Machado , Longhi Solon Jonas , Schneider Paulo Renato , Carvalho João Olegário Pereira de
Published: October 2016

Este estudo teve como objetivo caracterizar a estrutura populacional e os aspectos da regeneração de Araucaria angustifolia (Bertol.) Kuntze, Blepharocalyx salicifolius (Kunth) O. Berg e Ilex paraguariensis A. St.-Hil em diferentes condições ambientais e histórico de perturbação na Floresta Nacional de São Francisco de Paula - RS. Foram utilizados seis conglomerados de um hectare, com 16 parcelas (20 x 20 m) cada, nos quais foram amostradas as espécies em três classes de tamanho. A classe de tamanho II (CT II - diâmetro a altura do peito (DAP) ≥ 9,55 cm) foi inventariada nas 96 parcelas, a CT I (4,8 ≤ DAP < 9,55 cm) em 36 subparcelas de 10 x 10 m e a regeneração natural estabelecida (RNE) (1 ≤ DAP < 4,8 cm) em 36 células de 3,16 x 3,16 m. Em todas as parcelas de 20 x 20 m foram avaliados o banco de plântulas (BP - altura ≥ 30 cm e DAP < 1 cm), a chuva de sementes (CS) e o banco de sementes do solo (BS). Os dados foram analisados considerando todos os ambientes conjunta e separadamente para os agrupamentos identificados em estudo prévio na área. Foram avaliadas a estrutura diamétrica para a CT II e densidade e frequência absoluta para todas as etapas do ciclo de vida (CS, BS, BP, RNE, CT I e CT II). Os resultados indicaram grande variabilidade na densidade destas espécies nos diferentes ciclos de vida e ambientes florestais. Araucaria angustifolia demonstrou falhas no processo de regeneração em ambiente com menor histórico de perturbação, não apresentando padrão de distribuição “J invertido” (CT II) e menor capacidade de regeneração em relação às demais espécies nos mecanismos de regeneração (CS, BS e BP). Ilex paraguariensis e Blepharocalyx salicifolius apresentaram melhor estabilidade populacional em ambiente com menor nível de interferência antrópica (CT II). A primeira espécie apresentou melhores condições de regeneração em ambientes de solo com boa drenagem e a segunda espécie demonstrou preferência para solo mais úmido. Além disso, falhas no processo de regeneração das populações foram detectadas e variaram de acordo com as condições ambientais e o histórico de perturbação de cada área. Assim, identifica-se a importância de considerar os diferentes ambientes florestais, a autoecologia das espécies e de aplicar possíveis intervenções que visem melhorar a regeneração e equilibrar a dinâmica populacional destas espécies.
Energetikoje naudojamų plienų senėjimo vertinimas pagal struktūros pokyčius
Authors: Baltušnikas Arūnas , Lukošiūtė Irena , Makarevičius Vidas , Kriūkienė Rita , Levinskas Rimantas , Grybėnas Albertas
Published: October 2016

Esant aukštai temperatūrai eksploatacijos metu plieno struktūra keičiasi. Struktūros pokyčiai sukelia stiprumo savybių blogėjimą ir greitina valkšnumo procesą, mažina plienų atsparumą nuovargiui. Šiame straipsnyje apibendrinti karštyje stiprių plienų senėjimo aukštoje temperatūroje tyrimai. Mažai legiruoto perlitinio 12X1MФ ir legiruoto feritinio-martensitinio 9Cr1MoVNb (P91) plieno bandiniai buvo sendinami 600, 650 ir 700 °C temperatūrose. Kokybinei ir kiekybinei struktūros pokyčių analizei metale esantys intermetaliniai junginiai buvo elektrochemiškai atskirti iš kietojo tirpalo ir jų kristalografinių parametrų ypatumai tirti rentgeno struktūrinės analizės metodu (XRD). Nustačius, kad šiuose plienuose vyraujantis karbidas M23C6 yra stabilus, o kristalinės gardelės parametro a vertė nuolat didėja, buvo pasiūlyta jį naudoti kaip trukmės ir temperatūros indikatorių plienų pokyčiams įvertinti. Karbido M23C6 kristalinės gardelės parametro a tikslioms vertėms apskaičiuoti buvo naudojamos kompiuterinės programos (Powder Cell, GSAS ir Topas 4.2), pagrįstos Le Bail ir Rietveld algoritmais. Karbido M23C6 kristalinės gardelės parametro a pokyčio kinetika sendinimo metu aprašyta taikant Johnson-Mehl-Avrami (JMA) dėsnį. Įvertinta plienų gardelės transformacijos aktyvacijos energija E, transformacijos greičio konstanta k ir Avrami komponentė n. Šie skaičiavimai leido sudaryti plienų 12X1MФ ir P91 struktūrinių parametrų pokyčių trukmės ir temperatūros priklausomumus, kurie gali būti naudojami šių plienų darbiniam būviui įvertinti.
Pažanga įgyvendinant radioaktyviųjų atliekų atliekynus Lietuvoje ir jų saugos vertinimas
Authors: Poškas Povilas , Grigaliūnienė Dalia , Justinavičius Darius , Kilda Raimondas , Narkūnienė Asta
Published: October 2016

Branduolinė energetika, kaip ir kitos pramonės šakos, teikia ne tik ekonominę naudą, bet ir sukuria atliekas. Branduolinės atliekos, nors jų santykinis tūris ir yra žymiai mažesnis nei kitų pramonės šakų atliekų, yra radioaktyvios ir todėl ypač pavojingos aplinkai bei žmonėms. Radioaktyviosiomis atliekomis vadiname naudotas ir netinkamas naudoti radioaktyviąsias medžiagas, kurių aktyvumas viršija nustatytą lygį. Joms priskiriamas panaudotas branduolinis kuras ir kitos, pakartotinai naudoti neskirtos, radionuklidais užterštos ar turinčios jų savo sudėtyje, medžiagos, kurių radionuklidų savitasis aktyvumas viršija nebekontroliuojamuosius radioaktyvumo lygius. Ne visos radioaktyviosios atliekos yra vienodai pavojingos žmogui, todėl skirstomos į tipus ir klases. Atsižvelgiant į radioaktyviųjų atliekų tipą ir klasę taikomi skirtingi jų tvarkymo, saugojimo, talpinimo į atliekynus būdai, taip pat skiriasi ir pačių atliekynų tipai (paviršinis Landfill tipo, paviršinis su gelžbetonio rūsiais ar giluminis). Nuo 1994 m. Lietuvos energetikos instituto Branduolinės inžinerijos problemų laboratorijos mokslininkai kaupia patirtį analizuodami ir spręsdami radioaktyviųjų atliekų tvarkymo problemas Lietuvoje ir užsienyje. Šiame straipsnyje aptariamas pastarojo dešimtmečio progresas įgyvendinant radioaktyviųjų atliekų atliekynus Lietuvoje, daugiausia dėmesio skiriant vertinti šių atliekynų saugą.
A figura de Jesus nos escritos de Nietzsche
Authors: Paschoal Antonio Edmilson
Published: October 2016

O objetivo deste artigo é apontar algumas peculiaridades do papel desempenhado pela figura de Jesus nos escritos de Nietzsche, especialmente em duas passagens em que o tipo redentor tem lugar com traços claramente opostos. Na primeira, em Para a genealogia da moral, ele aparece como um instrumento de vingança da moral do ressentimento e, na segunda, em O Anticristo, ele surge justamente para traduzir um modo de agir oposto ao ressentimento e à sede de vingança. Frente a tal antinomia, pretendemos mostrar, primeiro, que a figura do redentor, presente nessas passagens, não remete a um conceito unívoco, válido para toda a obra do filósofo, mas ganha diferentes contornos conforme o contexto no qual está inserido e, segundo, que é possível uma convergência dessas passagens tendo em vista o tema do ressentimento e a crítica de Nietzsche ao cristianismo que não se aplica, necessariamente, ao redentor.
Kant y el problema de la Razón Instrumental
Authors: Placencia Luis
Published: October 2016

En este trabajo intentaré mostrar cómo Kant enfrenta el problema de la normatividad de la razón instrumental. Como se sabe, Kant se refiere al problema de la Nötigung o constricción que expresarían las reglas de habilidad en una compleja pasaje de la segunda parte de la Fundamentación de la Metafísica de las Costumbres, texto en el quesostiene que esa Nötigung se explica por el carácter “analítico” de estas reglas. Tal pasaje ha sido criticado por muchos autores que han intentado mostrar que aunque se asuma la problemática distinción ente juicios analíticos y sintéticos, las reglas de la habilidad no podrían ser consideradas como analíticas en ningún sentido relevante, incluso en el marco de la comprensión que la filosofía de Kant tiene del carácter analítico de los juicios (v.gr. Patzig, Seel, Burri & Freudiger). En consonancia con ello el prestigioso especialista B. Ludwig, que se ha ocupado posteriormente del asunto, ha intentado mostrar que en la filosofía de Kant, en rigor, no hay imperativos analíticos, ni siquiera hipotéticos. El punto fundamental del excelente trabajo de Ludwig es atacar la idea defendida ya por Patzig de que existe una “forma lógica de las proposiciones prácticas”. En este artículo realizaré un análisis de las tesis de Kant sobre este punto intentando mostrar cómo él por medio de la tesis de la analiticidad responde a la pregunta por la normatividad de los imperativos hipotéticos. Asimismo trataré con este análisis de hacer fuerte la idea de que las reglas de la habilidad poseen una cierta forma, de suerte que, por ello, hay imperativos que poseen forma analítica.
Omar Catunda: venturas e desventuras de um passador cultural
Authors: Barbosa Lima Eliene
Published: October 2016

Neste artigo, sem nenhuma pretensão biográfica, faço uma análise de alguns elementos que influenciaram o pensamento e as ações de Omar Catunda para desenvolver um sistema educacionalcapaz de elevar a cultura do povo brasileiro, vista por ele, como o único instrumento seguro para transformar o Brasil em uma nação completamente independente, na medida em que alcançaria o progresso material e o espiritual. Para tanto, utilizo majoritariamente a sua autobiografia. Essa análise tem como demarcação inicial a Revolução de 1930, ajuizada pelo jovem Catunda como um marco para a construção de uma nação rumo ao progresso, prolongando-se até 1986, ano da sua morte. Argumento que Catunda buscou semear a alta cultura por meio da educação, mas, ao beber de uma cultura estrangeira, foi estrangeiro em seu próprio país.
ESCOLARIZAÇÃO, RECONHECIMENTO E JUSTIÇA SOCIAL: TRÊS QUESTÕES PARA A PESQUISA EM SOCIOLOGIA DA EDUCAÇÃO
Authors: Dias da Silva Rodrigo Manoel
Published: October 2016

O presente artigo visa analisar as relações entre educação escolar e desigualdades sociais, buscando problematizar os dilemas que perfazem a justiça social nas mediações entre as práticas escolares e os processos sociais. Diagnostica, após estudo teórico, os principais elementos do programa institucional constitutivo da escolarização, seus limites e seu declínio, e encerra com a identificação de três questões em aberto para a pesquisa em Sociologia da Educação, a saber: quanto aos novos contornos da forma escolar; à justiça social e ao enfrentamento das contradições internas da escola; ao reconhecimento cultural e à capacidade de tais instituições em responder as questões de nosso tempo.
Représentations des femmes et des hommes dans des manuels d’arithmétique français du XIXe siècle : une approche quantitative
Authors: Legros Valérie
Published: October 2016

Cet article présente la place et les représentations des femmes et des hommes dans des manuels d’arithmétique du 19e siècle en France. Ces manuels sont tous destinés à l’école primaire à um moment où celle-ci est en train de se mettre en place. Les résultats montrent une surreprésentation très importante des hommes par rapport aux femmes. Les unes et les autres sont présentés dans des activités stéréotypées : les femmes plus dans la famille, et les hommes plus au travail.
Discovery pattern and species number of scale insects (Hemiptera: Coccoidea)
Authors: Deng Jun , Li Kunming , Chen Cui , Wu Sanan , Huang Xiaolei
Published: October 2016

Few investigations have been made of the species description trend of scale insects. The present study reports the discovery pattern and taxonomic efforts for this group based on global species and a literature dataset. In addition, three asymptotic models (Logistic, Gompertz, and Extreme Value) based on a discovery curve were used to predict the species number of scale insects. Our results showed that the species description rate has been changing over time, with certain peaks and valleys in the past 250 years. The mean number of species described per year was 30, with the highest number of 195 described species in 1985. The increasing number of authors and the almost constant proportion of species described by 10% most prolific authors since the 1900s suggested that taxonomic effort has been increasing over time. The Gompertz model with lowest AIC value suggested that there are about 10,450 species of scale insects on Earth, nearly 30% of which remain to be described. Our study offers insights into the discovery pattern of scale insect diversity.
Plasmonic Nanostars with Hot Spots for Efficient Generation of Hot Electrons under Solar Illumination
Authors: Kong Xiang‐Tian , Wang Zhiming , Govorov Alexander O.
Published: October 2016

Nanostars (NSTs) are spiky nanocrystals (NCs) with plasmonic hot spots. In this study, it is shown that strong electromagnetic fields localized in the NST tips are able to generate large numbers of energetic (hot) electrons, which can be used for photochemistry. To compute plasmonic NCs with complex shapes, a quantum approach based on the effect of surface generation of hot electrons is developed. This approach is then applied to NSTs, nanorods (NRs) and nanospheres. It is found that the plasmonic NSTs with multiple hot spots have the best characteristics for optical generation of hot electrons compared to the cases of NRs and nanospheres. Generation of hot electrons is a quantum effect and appears due to the optical transitions near the surfaces of NCs. The quantum properties of NCs are strongly size and material dependent. In particular, the silver NCs significantly overcome the case of gold for the quantum rates of hot‐electron generation. Another important factor is the size of a NC. Small NCs are more efficient for the hot‐electron generation since they exhibit stronger quantum surface effects. The results of this study can be useful for designing novel material systems for solar photocatalytic applications.
Metal Nanoparticle‐Catalyzed Reduction Using Borohydride in Aqueous Media: A Kinetic Analysis of the Surface Reaction by Microfluidic SERS
Authors: Xie Wei , Grzeschik Roland , Schlücker Sebastian
Published: October 2016

Hydrides are widely used in reduction reactions. In protic solvents, their hydrolysis generates molecular hydrogen as a second reducing agent. The competition between these two parallel reduction pathways has been overlooked so far since both typically yield the same product. We investigated the platinum‐catalyzed reduction of 4‐nitrothiophenol to 4‐aminothiophenol in aqueous sodium borohydride solution as a prominent model reaction, by using label‐free SERS monitoring in a microfluidic reactor. Kinetic analysis revealed a strong pH dependence. Surprisingly, only at pH>13 the reduction is driven exclusively by sodium borohydride. This study demonstrates the potential of microfluidics‐based kinetic SERS monitoring of heterogeneous catalysis in colloidal suspension.
Hydrogenation of Esters to Alcohols Catalyzed by Defined Manganese Pincer Complexes
Authors: Elangovan Saravanakumar , Garbe Marcel , Jiao Haijun , Spannenberg Anke , Junge Kathrin , Beller Matthias
Published: October 2016

The first manganese‐catalyzed hydrogenation of esters to alcohols has been developed. The combination of Mn(CO)5Br with [HN(CH2CH2P(Et)2)2] leads to a mixture of cationic and neutral Mn PNP pincer complexes, which enable the reduction of various ester substrates, including aromatic and aliphatic esters as well as diesters and lactones. Notably, related pincer complexes with isopropyl or cyclohexyl substituents showed very low activity.
Highly Enantioselective Synthesis of Indolines: Asymmetric Hydrogenation at Ambient Temperature and Pressure with Cationic Ruthenium Diamine Catalysts
Authors: Yang Zhusheng , Chen Fei , He Yanmei , Yang Nianfa , Fan Qing‐Hua
Published: October 2016

A highly enantioselective synthesis of indolines by asymmetric hydrogenation of 1H‐indoles and 3H‐indoles at ambient temperature and pressure, catalyzed by chiral phosphine‐free cationic ruthenium complexes, has been developed. Excellent enantio‐ and diastereoselectivities (up to >99 % ee, >20:1 d.r.) were obtained for a wide range of indole derivatives, including unprotected 2‐substituted and 2,3‐disubstituted 1H‐indoles, as well as 2‐alkyl‐ and 2‐aryl‐substituted 3H‐indoles.
Metal–Phenolic Supramolecular Gelation
Authors: Rahim Md. Arifur , Björnmalm Mattias , Suma Tomoya , Faria Matthew , Ju Yi , Kempe Kristian , Müllner Markus , Ejima Hirotaka , Stickland Anthony D. , Caruso Frank
Published: October 2016

Materials assembled by coordination interactions between naturally abundant polyphenols and metals are of interest for a wide range of applications, including crystallization, catalysis, and drug delivery. Such an interest has led to the development of thin films with tunable, dynamic properties, however, creating bulk materials remains a challenge. Reported here is a class of metallogels formed by direct gelation between inexpensive, naturally abundant tannic acid and group(IV) metal ions. The metallogels exhibit diverse properties, including self‐healing and transparency, and can be doped with various materials by in situ co‐gelation. The robustness and flexibility, combined with the ease, low cost, and scalability of the coordination‐driven assembly process make these metallogels potential candidates for chemical, biomedical, and environmental applications.
Highly Transparent Conducting Nanopaper for Solid State Foldable Electrochromic Devices
Authors: Kang Wenbin , Lin Meng‐Fang , Chen Jingwei , Lee Pooi See
Published: October 2016

It is of great challenge to develop a transparent solid state electrochromic device which is foldable at the device level. Such devices require delicate designs of every component to meet the stringent requirements for transparency, foldability, and deformation stability. Meanwhile, nanocellulose, a ubiquitous natural resource, is attracting escalating attention recently for foldable electronics due to its extreme flexibility, excellent mechanical strength, and outstanding transparency. In this article, transparent conductive nanopaper delivering the state‐of‐the‐art electro‐optical performance is achieved with a versatile nanopaper transfer method that facilitates junction fusing for high‐quality electrodes. The highly compliant nanopaper electrode with excellent electrode quality, foldability, and mechanical robustness suits well for the solid state electrochromic device that maintains good performance through repeated folding, which is impossible for conventional flexible electrodes. A concept of camouflage wearables is demonstrated using gloves with embedded electrochromics. The discussed strategies here for foldable electrochromics serve as a platform technology for futuristic deformable electronics.