bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Stand der Forschung
Authors: Scheiding Christian Thomas
Published: December 2024

Aufbauend auf der grundlagentheoretischen Rahmung und der gegenstandstheoretischen Verortung der Untersuchung, welche im vorangegangenen Kapitel vorgenommen wurden, gilt es nun, sich einen Überblick über die bisher gewonnenen Forschungserkenntnisse im Gegenstandsbereich dieser Arbeit zu verschaffen. Methodisch verortet sich das Vorgehen zur Ermittlung des Forschungsstandes im Bereich des Systematic Literature Reviews (SLR).
Study on the Durability of Hydraulic Engineered Cementitious Composites
Authors: Shi Yan , Wang Yupu , Li Jiazheng , Jiang Wenguang
Published: December 2024

To explore the durability of hydraulic engineered cementitious composites (HECC), this article uses hydraulic concrete permeability and frost resistance tests, evaluates them in combination with mechanical tests in high-temperature resistance and self-healing tests, and explores the influence of different maximum particle sizes of sand on permeability and frost resistance. In high-temperature resistance, the thermal stability of fibers and the influence of different curing temperatures on mechanical properties are explored, and the effects of different maximum particle sizes of sand, different water–cement ratios, and different ages on self-healing performance are explored. The results show that the finer the sand used in HECC is, the better its impermeability is and the permeability coefficient is in the order of 10–6 or 10–7; the better the frost resistance is, the maximum frost resistance level can reach F300. As the curing temperature increases, the compressive and flexural strength first increase and then decrease, with a maximum increase of 43%. Compared to 0.25, a water adhesive ratio of 0.35 has better self-healing ability, with a strength ratio of 167% at 7 days and 72% at 28 days. The research results can provide a reference for further promoting the application of HECC in water conservancy engineering.
Permeability and Compressive Strength of Pervious Cement Concrete with Small Size Aggregates
Authors: Chen Bo , Zhang Xiaochuang , Wang Xiongfeng , Zhang Feng , Lv Lele , Bai Yin , Ma Haoda
Published: December 2024

To prepare high-performance pervious concrete with excellent mechanical properties and permeability, an orthogonal test method is used to investigate the effects of water-to-binder (W/B) ratio, grading of small size aggregates, and target continuous void content on the mechanical properties and permeability of pervious concrete. The results show that the W/B ratio and grading of small-size aggregates have negligible effects on compressive strength and permeability. The target continuous void content is the key parameter in determining the permeability of concrete. The compressive strength must be controlled within a certain range to ensure a certain range of permeability. Only one permeability parameter is suitable for pervious concrete mix design.
Seismic Performance of a Prefabricated Pre-embedded Steel–Concrete Column Base Connection
Authors: Gao Hongyuan , Liu Jie , Liu Changsha , Xie Qun , Gao Jinpeng , Liu Kecheng , Zhang Gang
Published: December 2024

A prefabricated pre-embedded steel–concrete column base was presented which aimed to be applied in a petroleum pipeline gallery and three full-scale specimens were tested under quasi-static cyclic loading to investigate the seismic performance. Failure patterns, hysteretic characteristics, skeleton curves, displacement ductility, and stiffness of columns have been studied. The results showed that concrete spalling failure in the cast-in-place connection part of all specimens occurred and there was no visible crack in the column. The hysteretic curves of specimens indicated relatively good energy dissipation performance. The additional anchor rebar can effectively enhance the connection between the precast column and cast-in-place concrete. The strength along the strong axis and the weak axis was similar based on the comparison of seismic parameters. The specimens still maintained relatively high residual strength even after cast-in-place concrete failure which presented a potential possibility of engineering application in petroleum pipeline gallery.
Research on Bearing Capacity Size Effect of RC Frame Considering Material Size Effect
Authors: Zhou Hongyu , Han Shuai , Zhou Yun , Zhao Xiaohua
Published: December 2024

The size effect correction formulas of peak strength and peak strain of concrete materials are summarized by using regression analysis theory and Bažant size effect law. The finite element software Seismostruct is used to simulate the unidirectional nappe of three groups of plane frame structures with different sizes of modified materials, and the simulation results are compared with the experimental results. The results show that the bearing capacity of the structure decreases with the increase of size, and the simulation results considering the size effect correction are closer to the test results, so it is suggested that the material size effect correction should be taken into account in the structural design analysis.
Experimental and Analyses on the Deterioration of Mechanical Properties of Transport Bridges Based on Hot and Humid Marine Environment
Authors: Chen Yunkai , Deng Peng , Wang Yao
Published: December 2024

The mechanical properties of in-service concrete bridges in the sea are subject to accelerated deterioration due to the harsh environment in which they are located, which poses a serious challenge to bridge transportation work. Therefore, it is necessary to analyse and study the mechanical property evolution of lightweight aggregate concrete in the marine environment and transport engineering design. In order to study the mechanical property degradation law of nano-modified ceramic concrete under the action of dry and wet cycles and temperature, tests were conducted on nano-modified ceramic concrete specimens at different temperatures (30 °C, 40 °C, 50 °C) and different numbers of dry and wet cycles (15, 45, 75), respectively. The test results showed that with the increase of the number of cycles, the change of compressive strength showed a typical three-phase law, while the split tensile strength showed the law of deterioration, strengthening, and then deterioration. With the increase of temperature, the compressive strength increases and then decreases, while the splitting tensile strength decreases continuously, and the decrease is greater. Under the combined effect of the two factors, three damage modes of compressive and split tensile were analysed. Finally, the uniaxial compression constitutive model and the formula for the attenuation change of mechanical properties of nano-modified ceramic concrete were fitted based on the test data under dry and wet cycles and temperature.
Modelling the Mechanical Behaviour of the RC Pipe Pile with Construction-Induced Damage and Cracks
Authors: Yu Weixin , Wang Xiaohui
Published: December 2024

During the construction of the high-piled wharf, cracks may be induced in the top zone of the pre-stressed high-strength concrete pipe pile due to the high-frequency hitting. In this paper, the influence of the construction-induced damage and cracks on the mechanical properties of prestressed reinforced concrete (RC) pipe piles is studied. Finite element analysis is used to simulate the mechanical behaviour of the RC pipe piles with construction-induced damage and the corresponding ultimate bearing capacity of the damaged RC piles is predicted. Influence of different lengths of the construction-induced damage zone and maximum crack widths within the damage zone on the mechanical behaviour of the RC pipe pile is discussed. Results indicate that, the ultimate bearing capacity of the RC pipe piles with construction-induced damage in the top zone of the pile is reduced due to the damage. The failure of the RC pipe piles with construction-induced damage may occur at both the bottom and middle part of the pile for longer damage length and wider maximum crack width.
Research on Point Cloud Reconstruction of Pumping and Storage Construction Site Under Ground 3D Laser Scanning Technology
Authors: Cao Feng , Ying Pengtao , Zhong Jianxu , Han Jishuang
Published: December 2024

The current point cloud reconstruction matrix of the pumping and storage construction site is generally set to be unidirectional, and the efficiency of point cloud reconstruction is low, which leads to the prolongation of point cloud reconstruction time. Therefore, the design and verification of point cloud reconstruction method for pumping and storage construction site underground 3D laser scanning technology are proposed. According to the actual point cloud reconstruction requirements and standards, the 3D point cloud primitive library is constructed first, and the multi-step method is adopted to improve the efficiency of point cloud reconstruction. The multi-step point cloud reconstruction matrix is designed. Based on this, the point cloud reconstruction model of the ground 3D laser scanning and storage construction site is established, and the point cloud reconstruction processing is realized by building topology matching. The test results show that after the measurement and analysis of five areas, the final point cloud reconstruction time of the unit project is well controlled below 0.25 s, which indicates that, with the assistance and support of the ground 3D laser scanning technology, the current point cloud reconstruction for the G pumping construction project is more effective, more targeted and it has a larger coverage of point cloud reconstruction, which has practical application value.
Research of Monitor System for Water Lock Gate Based on Digital Twin Technology
Authors: Liu Qiyong , Li Ming
Published: December 2024

As climate change becomes more severe, droughts and floods are causing increasing losses to people’s lives and property. How to fully utilize modern computer technology, communication technology, artificial intelligence, and 3D simulation technology to build a comprehensive control system for water lock gates of a whole river has become a key research focus. The ultimate goal is to achieve remote real-time monitoring of changes in the hydrological conditions of the river basin and precise control of water gates to regulate water resource utilization and reduce disasters. This article introduces a digital twin system for comprehensive control of water gates. It will model buildings and equipment into 3D models, and convert measurement data obtained from sensors into real-time measurement data into 3D numerical model mapping data, reflecting the real-time status of buildings and equipment. Based on real-time data and HYDRONETS models, disaster prediction will be carried out to achieve precise regulation of water resources and reduce disaster losses.
Research on the Application of UAV Photogrammetry Technology in Highway Slope Deformation Identification
Authors: Yan Xin , Yu Yiqaing , Zhan Wei , Hu Zhi , Xiao Danqiang , Wu Jianjun
Published: December 2024

The safety of highway slope is always one of the key works of highway management and maintenance department. However, the current highway slope maintenance inspection is mainly manual inspection, monitoring coverage is very low, only a few slopes installed automatic monitoring equipment. Due to the high cost and complex installation of automatic monitoring equipment, how to carry out efficient deformation inspection of highway slope is an important direction of highway maintenance research. Thanks to the rapid development of UAV close-range photogrammetry technology, this paper proposes to use UAV close-range photogrammetry technology to identify highway slope deformation. It mainly shoots UAV aerial survey images and obtains three-dimensional point cloud data of highway slope time series through data processing processes such as encryption and adopts ICP algorithm to register multi-phase point clouds. The change of three-dimensional point cloud is obtained by using point cloud difference calculation, so that the displacement and deformation characteristics of highway side slope are obtained. Through the application of field cases, the study verified the effectiveness of UAV close-range photogrammetry technology in highway slope deformation identification, with an accuracy of about cm level. The proposal and promotion of this technology can provide data support for subsequent highway slope protection and management and is of great significance for improving the quality and work efficiency of highway slope maintenance and management.
Synthesis and Property Analysis of a Novel Epoxy Composite Curing Agent Based on Soft Soil Curing
Authors: Cui Shengchao , Wang Guangzheng , Liu Shu , Yan Xintong , Fan Ming
Published: December 2024

To meet the demand for shore-based engineering, engineering rescue and traffic emergency support in different complex conditions, a new low-temperature fast solidifier for epoxy resin was synthesized by Mannich reaction using thiourea, polyamine, formaldehyde, phenol and benzyl alcohol. The performance of the curing agent was investigated based on raw material ratio, reaction temperature and reaction time. Moreover, the curing time, amine value, viscosity and infrared spectrum were tested. It was compounded with other highly active curing agents and resins. The compressive strength of the cured sea sand was used as the index to determine the formula of a new epoxy composite used for the rapid curing of sand under low temperature or saturated water conditions. The results showed that the optimal synthesis conditions of the curing agent were as follows: the molar ratio of thiourea, diethylenetriamine, formaldehyde, phenol and benzyl alcohol is 1.2: 1.3: 1: 0.4: 1. The addition of a small amount of accelerator DMP-30 could effectively improve the curing reaction speed and reduce the curing time. These epoxy composites could effectively solidify the sea sand and improve its mechanical properties, which provides important utilization value for coastal engineering construction in the cold season or wet rainy season.
Example of Seismic Performance-based Design of Highway Monitoring Building in High Seismic Intensity Area
Authors: Wang Yuzheng
Published: December 2024

With the technological development of resilient city and intelligent transportation, since the terminal equipment of real-time monitoring and safety monitoring system for lifeline projects is usually set up in highway monitoring halls, more and more highway monitoring centers in China's seismic high intensity areas assume the important function of emergency command centers after earthquakes. In order to ensure that the monitoring and surveillance equipment can operate normally during an earthquake, this paper puts forward a proposal to adopt seismic isolation technology for the monitoring center, and gives the performance objectives and quantitative indexes based on performance-based seismic design. Through the finite element numerical simulation and nonlinear time course analysis of engineering examples, the results show that: the inter-story shear force, inter-story displacement, floor acceleration and other dynamic response indexes are greatly reduced compared with the pre-seismic isolation, which can realize the setup goal of monitoring and controlling the building for uninterrupted use in earthquakes and assuming the function of emergency rescue and command, and effectively verifies the reasonableness of the performance goals set in this paper. At the same time, from the perspective of the whole life cycle of building and equipment maintenance, the use of seismic isolation design can also save costs. The research content of this paper provides a theoretical basis for the feasibility of promoting seismic isolation structures in the field of highway monitoring buildings.
Atopische Dermatitis und Diabetes mellitus – Gibt es Zusammenhänge?
Authors: Sendrea Adelina-Maria , Salavastru Carmen Maria
Published: December 2024

Hintergrund

Atopische Dermatitis und Diabetes mellitus sind chronische, immunvermittelte, entzündliche Erkrankungen, die die Lebensqualität der Patienten erheblich beeinträchtigen und zudem eine beträchtliche sozioökonomische Belastung darstellen. Trotz intensiver Forschung in den letzten Jahrzehnten bleibt der mögliche Zusammenhang zwischen diesen beiden medizinischen Zuständen aufgrund spärlicher und manchmal widersprüchlicher Daten ein umstrittenes Thema. Dennoch beruht die potenzielle Verbindung zwischen ihnen auf einigen anerkannten gemeinsamen pathophysiologischen Merkmalen.

Ziele

Ein möglicher Zusammenhang zwischen atopischer Dermatitis und Diabetes mellitus soll dargestellt und bewertet werden.

Material und Methoden

Wir führten eine Literaturrecherche zum potenziellen Zusammenhang zwischen atopischer Dermatitis und Diabetes mellitus durch.

Ergebnisse

Mehrere Studien haben eine Korrelation zwischen atopischer Dermatitis und Diabetes mellitus Typ 1 oder Typ 2 festgestellt. Andere Studien zeigten jedoch keinen Zusammenhang zwischen diesen beiden Erkrankungen oder deuteten sogar darauf hin, dass atopische Dermatitis das Risiko für die Entwicklung von Diabetes mellitus bei bestimmten Patienten verringern könnte. Darüber hinaus weisen diese beiden chronischen Erkrankungen auch bestimmte klinische Merkmale auf, die auf eine mögliche Korrelation hindeuten. Derzeit gibt es jedoch keinen eindeutigen wissenschaftlichen Beweis für einen signifikant positiven Zusammenhang zwischen atopischer Dermatitis und Diabetes mellitus, was v. a. auf das Fehlen umfangreicher und vielfältiger demografischer Studien zurückzuführen ist.

Schlussfolgerungen

Ärzte sollten sich dieser potenziellen Korrelation sowohl bei Erwachsenen als auch bei pädiatrischen Patienten bewusst sein und die Bedeutung eines multidisziplinären Ansatzes für das Management der atopischen Dermatitis berücksichtigen. Weitere Untersuchungen sind erforderlich, um mögliche Zusammenhänge zwischen atopischer Dermatitis und Diabetes mellitus in spezifischen Bevölkerungsgruppen zu bestimmen.
Particle-resolved simulation of the pyrolysis process of a single plastic particle
Authors: Zhang Feichi , Tavakkol Salar , Galeazzo Flavio C. C. , Stapf Dieter
Published: December 2024

Particle-resolved simulations have been performed to study the pyrolysis process of a high-density polyethylene (HDPE) particle in an inert hot nitrogen flow. The simulations resolve the velocity and temperature boundary layers around the particle, as well as the gradients of temperature and concentration within the particle. The objective of this work is to gain an in-depth understanding of the effect of particle morphology-specifically, the particle size and shape-on the interplay between heat transfer and pyrolysis progress, as well as to assess the applicable particle size when using the Lagrangian concept for simulating plastic pyrolysis. In all simulation cases, the pyrolysis reaction is initiated at the external surface of the particle, where the particle is heated the fastest. The reaction front propagates inward toward the core of the particle until it is fully pyrolyzed. For particle diameters larger than 4 mm, distinct temperature gradients within the particle can be detected, leading to a temperature difference of more than 10 K between the core and the external surface of the plastic particle. In this case, the Lagrangian simulations yield a considerably slower conversion compared with the particle-resolved simulations. Moreover, the cylindrical particle in longitudinal flow has been found to be pyrolyzed more slowly compared with the spherical and shell-shaped particles, which is attributed to the enhanced heat transfer conditions for the cylindrical particle. The results reveal the importance of considering particle morphology when modeling plastic pyrolysis. In addition, the Lagrangian approach, which assumes particle homogeneity, is only applicable for particle diameters smaller than 2 mm when modeling plastic pyrolysis.
High interobserver variability of PTEN immunohistochemistry defining PTEN status in low- to intermediate-risk prostate cancer: results of the first German ring trial
Authors: Hommerding Oliver , Bernhardt Marit , Kreft Tobias , Scherping Anna , Abbas Mahmoud , Baretton Gustavo , Bräsen Jan Hinrich , Breyer Johannes , Darr Christopher , Dressler Franz Friedrich , Ellinger Jörg , Erber Ramona , Esposito Irene , Hartmann Arndt , Hartmann Wolfgang , Heitplatz Barbara , Kreipe Hans , Lafos Marcel , Linxweiler Johannes , Lopez-Cotarelo Cristina , Sailer Verena , Reis Henning , Saar Matthias , Schildhaus Hans-Ulrich , Schlack Katrin , Schmid Matthias , Seidl Maximilian , Semjonow Axel , Sommer Ulrich , Stahl Phillip Rolf , Tischler Verena , Weber Florian , Wulf Anna-Lena , Wullich Bernd , Kristiansen Glen
Published: December 2024

The prognostication of individual disease trajectory and selection of optimal therapy in patients with localized, low-grade prostate cancer often presents significant difficulty. The phosphatase and tensin homolog on chromosome 10 (PTEN) has emerged as a potential novel biomarker in this clinical context, based on its demonstrated prognostic significance in multiple retrospective studies. Incorporation into standard clinical practice necessitates exceptional diagnostic accuracy, and PTEN’s binary readout—retention or loss—suggests its suitability as a biomarker. This multi-institutional ring trial aimed to validate the diagnostic precision of PTEN immunohistochemistry in localized, low- to intermediate-risk prostate cancer, across ten university pathology institutes in Germany. The trial incorporated 90 cases of patients diagnosed with acinar adenocarcinoma of the prostate of grade groups 1 (n = 8, 8.9%) and 2 (n = 82, 91.1%) post-radical prostatectomy. Remarkably, the interpretation of PTEN immunohistochemistry displayed substantial variation (12.5–51.2% PTEN loss rates) within an identical cohort of prostate cancer. Fluorescence in situ hybridization analysis demonstrated PTEN hemizygous deletions in 5.5% (5/90) of cases. All cases with hemizygous deletions presented a distinct loss of PTEN expression by immunohistochemistry and were unanimously identified as PTEN loss by all participants (sensitivity 100%). However, negative (loss) immunohistochemistry was relatively non-specific for an underlying genomic deletion. Improved inter-observer agreement was observed in a subsequent ring trial. Finally, we identify S473-pAKT immunohistochemistry as a useful marker in equivocal cases. In summary, this multi-institutional ring trial illustrates surprisingly heterogeneous outcomes in defining PTEN status by immunohistochemistry.
i-WASP—Intelligent and Wireless Technologies for Automatically Generated Shift Protocols in Conventional Tunnelling
Authors: Shaw Clemens , Villeneuve Marlene , Dengg Fabian , Gruber Pascal , Thienert Christian , Klaproth Christoph , Gutberlet Lara , Ungers Claudia , Bittmann Harald , Auderer Stefan , Staggl Lukas
Published: December 2024

The research project i‑WASP, a collaboration of specialized German and Austrian companies and research institutions, looks at the question of how complex processes on a conventional tunneling construction site can be automatically recorded, analyzed, and classified through the development of innovative solutions for data acquisition, transmission, and processing. A trained artificial intelligence will be able to automatically produce accurate minute diagrams based on accelerometer and positional data gathered from the construction machines.
Efficacy and safety of mosunetuzumab monotherapy for Japanese patients with relapsed/refractory follicular lymphoma: FLMOON-1
Authors: Goto Hideki , Kumode Takahiro , Mishima Yuko , Kataoka Keisuke , Ogawa Yoshiaki , Kanemura Nobuhiro , Shimada Kazuyuki , Uchida Toshiki , Kuroe Yukano , Kawasaki Atsuko , Sato Jotaro , Teshima Takanori
Published: December 2024

Background

In a global phase I/II study (GO29781; NCT02500407), single-agent mosunetuzumab had a manageable safety profile and induced durable complete responses in patients with relapsed/refractory (R/R) B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma, including in patients with R/R follicular lymphoma (FL). In this analysis, the efficacy and safety of mosunetuzumab monotherapy were evaluated in an expansion cohort, FLMOON-1, in Japanese patients with R/R FL who had received  ≥ 2 prior lines of therapy in a phase I study (JO40295, jRCT2080223801).

Methods

Mosunetuzumab was administered intravenously at the recommended phase II dose (with cycle 1 step-up dosing) for eight cycles or up to 17 cycles, or until disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. The pre-specified primary endpoint was Independent Review Facility (IRF)-assessed complete response rate (CRR; as best overall response). Secondary objectives included investigator (INV)-assessed CRR, INV- and IRF-assessed objective response rate (ORR), and safety.

Results

At the data cutoff (October 13, 2023), 19 patients (median age 72 years) were evaluated. The IRF-assessed CRR and ORR were 68.4% and 78.9%, respectively; the INV-assessed CRR and ORR were 63.2% and 84.2%, respectively. Grade 3–4 adverse events (AEs) were observed in 89.5% of patients, with a low incidence of AEs leading to mosunetuzumab discontinuation (10.5%) and one fatal AE unrelated to mosunetuzumab. Cytokine release syndrome occurred in 47.4% of patients and were mostly Grade 1 in severity.

Conclusion

These findings indicate mosunetuzumab has a consistent efficacy and manageable safety profile in Japanese patients with R/R FL compared with previously reported data from the global phase I/II study.
Is dragging a drag or is trapping a trap? A comparison of two methods for collecting Amblyomma americanum ticks in sites near the species range boundary
Authors: Briggs Peter , Trimmell Lawson , Monzón Javier D.
Published: December 2024

The incidence of tick-borne diseases in the United States has more than doubled since the early 2000s. Research on ticks is a priority to mitigate the spread of tick-borne diseases. Thus, it is important to understand how to efficiently collect large numbers of ticks for studies of genetics, behavior, physiology, vector competence, tick repellants, and acaricides. In this study, we compared the efficiency of two methods—dragging and CO2-baited trapping—for collecting lone star ticks (Amblyomma americanum) across two distinct regions of its expanding range. We performed simultaneous dragging and trapping collections at six sites, three in Oklahoma and three in New York and New Jersey, USA. Our results demonstrate that dragging was more efficient than trapping for collecting lone star tick nymphs. However, dragging and trapping were similar in efficiency for collecting adult males and females. There were no regional differences in trapping or dragging efficiency. Additionally, we discuss material and labor costs of each method to inform researchers who need to rapidly collect as many ticks as possible with the most efficient and cost-effective method.
Netzwerkkarten in den Frühen Hilfen – Pilotierung eines Ablaufs zum (Wieder-)aufbau kommunaler Netzwerke
Authors: Weyers Simone , Schäfer Cedric , Gurtovyi Judith , Kraus Ursula , Shad-Matzutt Roxanna
Published: December 2024

Hintergrund

In kommunalen Netzwerken der Frühen Hilfen werden die Angebote zur Förderung gesunden Aufwachsens koordiniert. Der (Wieder-)aufbau dieser Netzwerke erfolgt unsystematisch, teilweise werden Netzwerkkarten genutzt. Bislang ist unklar, wie solche Netzwerkkarten eingesetzt werden sollen. Ziel des vorliegenden Projekts war es, einen Ablauf zur Nutzung der Netzwerkkarten beim Aufbau kommunaler Netzwerke der Frühen Hilfen zu pilotieren und zu evaluieren.

Methoden

Der Ablauf wurde bei fünf Netzwerktreffen mit Fachkräften der Frühen Hilfen (n = 17; n = 14; n = 21; n = 13; n = 22) in verschiedenen Düsseldorfer Quartieren zwischen 2022 und 2023 erprobt. Netzwerkkarten sollten hier als Erzählgenerator fungieren. Sie wurden eingebettet in einen Ablauf, der aus verschiedenen interaktiven Phasen bestand. Die Erfahrungen wurden abschließend mit den für die Netzwerktreffen verantwortlichen Personen (n = 3) im Rahmen einer Fokusgruppe diskutiert. Die transkribierten Aufzeichnungen wurden mittels inhaltlich-strukturierender qualitativer Inhaltsanalyse ausgewertet.

Ergebnisse

Die Bewertung durch die Fokusgruppe erfolgte entlang der verschiedenen Phasen der Netzwerktreffen: Planung, Vorstellungsrunde, Ausfüllen der Karten, Aufhängen der Karten, Pause, Gruppendiskussion und Abschluss. In der Gesamtbewertung ergab sich ein idealtypischer Ablauf eines Netzwerktreffens der Frühen Hilfen, in den die Netzwerkkarten eingebettet sind und bei dem organisatorische Aspekte zu beachten sind.

Schlussfolgerung

Diese begrenzten Erfahrungen und Bewertungen zur Nutzung der Netzwerkkarten vermitteln den Eindruck, dass das Instrument als Erzählanstoß funktioniert. Mit dem hier pilotierten Ablauf können kommunale Netzwerke der Frühen Hilfen systematisch (wieder) aufgebaut werden.
Parteipolitische Determinanten schulformenspezifischer Bildungsausgaben im Bundesländervergleich
Authors: Baumert Jona-Frederik
Published: December 2024

Diese Studie untersucht, inwieweit die Höhe der Bildungsausgaben für bestimmte Schulformen parteipolitisch bedingt ist. Hierzu wird eine bayesianische Paneldatenanalyse auf Ebene der deutschen Bundesländer durchgeführt. Es findet sich Evidenz dafür, dass die parteipolitische Besetzung des Bildungsministeriums einen wichtigen Beitrag zur Erklärung der schulformenspezifischen Bildungsausgaben liefert. Dabei sind sowohl klientelbedingte Interessen im Sinne der Parteiendifferenztheorie als auch ideologische Faktoren von Bedeutung. Parteien, deren Klientel einen vergleichsweise niedrigen sozioökonomischen Status aufweist, erhöhen die Ausgaben je Schülerin für alle Schulformen stärker als Parteien mit einer Klientel, die einen vergleichsweise hohen sozioökonomischen Status innehat. Am deutlichsten sind die Unterschiede im Fall der Grundschulen (ca. 430 € im Jahr), am geringsten im Fall der Gymnasien (ca. 180 € im Jahr). Steigen die Abiturquote und damit die Offenheit des Hochschulzugangs, erhöhen Parteien mit einer schwachen sozioökonomischen Klientel die Bildungsausgaben nochmals stärker. Hiervon ausgenommen sind Haupt- und Realschulen, für die das Gegenteil gilt. Dies lässt sich dadurch erklären, dass gesellschaftspolitisch linke Parteien eher als gesellschaftspolitisch rechte Parteien bereit sind, das dreigliedrige Schulsystem zugunsten eines zweigliedrigen auslaufen zu lassen. Die Ausgaben für das Gymnasium werden von der Interaktion zwischen Parteipolitik und Abiturquote nicht beeinflusst, was darauf hindeutet, dass ihre Existenz zwischen den Parteien unstrittig ist.
Das Schließen der Repräsentationslücke? Die Wählerschaft des Bündnis Sahra Wagenknecht – Eine Analyse basierend auf Paneldaten
Authors: Jankowski Michael
Published: December 2024

Das Bündnis Sahra Wagenknecht (BSW) hat sich trotz seiner erst kürzlichen Gründung bereits zu einem relevanten Akteur im deutschen Parteiensystem entwickelt. Der vorliegende Beitrag liefert eine umfassendere Betrachtung der BSW-Wählerschaft, basierend auf Paneldaten der GLES. Durch die Verwendung von Paneldaten ist es nicht nur möglich die aktuellen Einstellungen der BSW-Anhänger:innen zu beschreiben, sondern auch deren Veränderungen im Zeitverlauf zu verfolgen. Die Analyse zeigt drei wesentliche Punkte: (1) Das BSW bekommt insbesondere Zulauf von ehemaligen Linken-Anhänger:innen sowie von Wähler:innen, die sich nach der Bundestagswahl 2021 von den etablierten Parteien abgewendet haben und zwischenzeitlich mit der AfD sympathisierten. Die Gründung des BSW und das Absinken der AfD in den Umfragen hängen somit zusammen. (2) Das BSW schließt eine Repräsentationslücke im deutschen Parteiensystem. Die jetzigen BSW-Anhänger:innen unterschieden sich schon vor mehreren Jahren – als die Gründung des BSW nicht zur Debatte stand – von den anderen Befragten, selbst wenn man für früheres Wahlverhalten kontrolliert. Dies gilt insbesondere für die Einstellungen zur Regulierung von Zuwanderung. (3) Die BSW-Anhänger:innen zeigten auch früher schon kritische Einstellungen zur (repräsentativen) Demokratie (niedrige Demokratiezufriedenheit und hoher Populismus). Insgesamt legen die Ergebnisse den Schluss nahe, dass das BSW über eine distinkte Wählerschaft verfügt, was zur weiteren Etablierung im deutschen Parteiensystem beitragen sollte.
Anisotropy and Temperature Dependence of Annealing During Mechanical Bending in Ni-Mn-Ga-Based Melt-Spun Ribbons
Authors: Kowalska Milena , Czaja Paweł , Czeppe Tomasz , Rogal Łukasz , Szczerba Maciej J.
Published: December 2024

Mechanical response during bending experiments of Ni-Mn-Ga-Co-Cu melt-spun ribbons with the L21 austenite structure was studied. This material exhibited anisotropy in mechanical properties depending on the side to which the applied bending force was directed. When force was applied to the “free side,” a substantial load drop was observed in the initial stage of bending. On the other hand, no load drop anomalies were observed when force was applied to the “wheel side.” Additionally, mechanical training effects were assessed by applying up to 10 bending cycles. It was demonstrated that with an increase in the number of bending cycles, there was no significant decrease in bending force, and the load–displacement curve remained unaltered. The temperature dependence of annealing of the ribbons' mechanical properties was also examined. The Ni-Mn-Ga-Co-Cu melt-spun ribbons were annealed at 373 K, 573 K, 773 K, 973 K, and 1173 K for 30 min, followed by subsequent bending tests. Annealing influenced bending response through two major phenomena detected. The first was associated with crystal structure ordering and recovery; while, the second was attributed to grain growth. Changes in mechanical properties influenced by different annealing temperatures were correlated with alterations in the microstructure of the studied ribbons.
Sun protection behaviors, healthcare access, and smoking among melanoma survivors
Authors: Xie Jingjing , Kiuru Maija , Pollock Brad H. , Keegan Theresa H. M.
Published: December 2024

Purpose

Based on current clinical practice guidelines, melanoma survivors should be advised on the need for sun protection and regular healthcare, as well as smoking cessation, but differences from adults without cancer history are unclear.

Methods

We pooled data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2003–2006, 2009–2018), matching 249 melanoma survivors with 498 adults without a cancer history. Adjusted prevalence odds ratios (aPOR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated.

Results

One-third of melanoma survivors used multiple sun protection methods, slightly more than adults without cancer. Both groups had < 50% overall sun protection use with long sleeves being the least used. Melanoma survivors who were male (aPOR = 2.91; CI = 1.05–8.06) or had lower education (aPOR = 4.12; CI = 1.65–10.29) were more likely to be current smokers. Older survivors (aPOR = 1.07; CI = 1.03–1.11) were more likely to have health insurance.

Conclusions

Our findings highlight the relatively low use of sun protective practices for melanoma survivors and suggest the need for better counseling on sun protection and smoking cessation, especially for lower education levels and males.

Implications for Cancer Survivors

These findings underscore the importance of enhancing counseling services for sun protection among melanoma survivors and prioritizing smoking cessation support, especially for males and individuals with lower education levels among this population.
Mind in Metabolism – A Comprehensive Literature Review on Diabetes and its Connections to Obsessive Compulsive Disorder, Schizophrenia, and Bipolar Disorder
Authors: Cannon Anja , Jacoby Caitlon , Hughes Allyson S.
Published: December 2024

Purpose of Review

The co-occurrence of diabetes and mental illnesses such as bipolar disorder (BD), obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), and schizophrenia creates significant barriers for both people with diabetes (PWD) and their healthcare teams. This literature review provides an analysis of the relationship between diabetes and mental illnesses through exploring epidemiology, shared risk factors, and clinical implications. The aim is to enhance the understanding of these complex comorbidities to guide and improve future research and clinical practice.

Recent Findings

Recent research suggests a strong link between mental illness, metabolic syndrome, and diabetes. Studies show that BD has a robust relationship with metabolic disease and the antipsychotic medications used in treatment for many mental illnesses are strongly associated with weight gain and metabolic disease. However, there is limited research exploring the bidirectional relationship that diabetes has with BD, schizophrenia, and OCD.

While research exists on the link between diabetes and mental conditions such as depression and anxiety, little research has examined schizophrenia, OCD and BD. The findings noted in this review suggest gaps in treatment options, healthcare services, and social support. While this paper provides a foundation for future progress, advancement in this field will require a collaborative effort from researchers, healthcare professionals, and community outreach programs to effectively close the gaps in care noted in these patient populations.
Waterdampbehandeling bij benigne prostaathyperplasie
Authors: Borst Willemijn M. , Naderi Nader , Kemmer Helene
Published: December 2024

Samenvatting

Dit onderzoek presenteert de eerste resultaten van de waterdampbehandeling voor lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) bij benigne prostaathyperplasie (BPH) in Nederland. Alle patiënten die van mei 2021 tot januari 2024 in het Albert Schweitzer ziekenhuis en vanaf september 2022 in de Andros Mens Health Clinics de behandeling hebben ondergaan, werden geïncludeerd. De patiënten werden voor een jaar lang gevolgd en gecontroleerd op hun maximale flow (Qmax), het residu na mictie, de Internationale Prostaat Symptoom Score (IPSS) en de International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF‑5 of 15). Het grootste effect wordt na drie maanden gezien en houdt aan over de hele follow-upperiode. De Qmax neemt toe met 94,27% over een jaar, het residu daalt met 60,64% en de IPSS met 61,52%. De IIEF‑5 stijgt met 11,07% en de IIEF-15 met 10,48%. Het is ook een effectieve behandeling voor patiënten die vooraf katheterafhankelijk zijn, waarbij 100% na gemiddeld 36,26 dagen (± 25,68) kathetervrij is.
Improving Tsunami Risk Analysis by Integrating Spatial Resolution and the Population’s Evacuation Capacities: A Case Study of Cartagena, Chile
Authors: León Jorge , Martínez Carolina , Inzunza Simón , Ogueda Alonso , Urrutia Alejandro
Published: December 2024

Intensive human activity in global coastal areas has led to increasing exposure to hazards. Cartagena Bay in Chile, an area with a long history of tsunami disasters, has undergone significant urbanization and experiences heavy tourist activity during the summer. While some studies have examined risk in Cartagena by focusing on hazard and vulnerability characteristics, challenges remain in delivering more spatially accurate studies and incorporating the population’s coping capacities. We undertook a tsunami risk assessment of Cartagena Bay that disaggregates social vulnerability to the census block level and assesses the inhabitants’ pedestrian evacuation potential through an agent-based model. Our findings indicate that urban coastal areas in Cartagena Bay might face substantial tsunami risk in a worst-case scenario, with 31.0% to 54.1% of its territory—depending on the scale of analysis—classified as high-risk areas. Of the examined urban blocks, 31.4% have average evacuation times exceeding 17 min (the critical time required by the tsunami to reach its run-up), and the most disadvantaged census block is 1,971.9 m away from its nearest shelter. We also demonstrated that a more spatially accurate vulnerability analysis is more conservative too. For instance, zones with high-risk levels decreased by 42.8% when the study scale moved from the block to the zone level of analysis. Similarly, areas with low risk increased by 80%. In comparison to previous studies, our findings show that tsunami risk in Cartagena Bay is significantly lower if coping capacities such as evacuation potential are included in the analysis.
Seasonal variation in sunlight exposure is differently associated with changes in T regulatory and T-helper 17 cell blood counts in adolescent and adults females: a pilot study
Authors: Clark Margaret S. , Christie Michael , Jones Melinda , Ashley Sarah , Tang Mimi L. K.
Published: December 2024

Higher prevalence of multiple sclerosis at higher latitudes is associated with reduced sunlight during childhood. Alterations in inflammatory Th17 and regulatory T cells (Treg) are associated with autoimmunity. In Hobart, Australia (latitude 42.8° south), thirteen girls (aged 12–13) and sixteen women had blood collected in the evening in daylight in February/March, (post 15 h daylight) and at the same time in the dark in August/September (post 9 h daylight). Height and weight were measured. Participants completed online surveys prior around menstruation, sleep, exercise and time outside. Proportions of Th17 (CD4 + , CXCR3–, CCR4 + , CCR6 + , CD161 +), total Treg (CD4 + , CD25 + , CD127low), naïve Treg (CD45RA + , CD4 + , CD25 + , CD127low) and memory Treg (CD45RA low, CD4 + , CD25 + , CD127low) were enumerated by flow cytometry (Cytek Aurora). Hours spent outside was greater in summer than winter (12.5 v 10.5, p = 0.0003). The %Treg/CD4 + was higher in summer than winter (7.3% vs 7%, p = 0.004) including memory Treg (3.1% vs 2.9%, p = 0.02) for all females (n = 29), and naïve Treg were 13% higher in summer in women (3.2% vs 2.8%, p = 0.0009), whereas %Th17 remained unchanged. In women, a negative correlation between the number of hours spent outside in summer and %Th17 was observed (r = – 0.53, p = 0.035). The %Th17 cells were higher in women than girls (4.9% vs 3.1%, p = 0.001), whereas girls had a higher total %Treg (7.6% vs 6.7%, p = 0.005), consisting of a higher naïve Treg (5.5% vs 3.7%, p = 0.0001) while the women had a higher %memory Treg (3.4% vs 2.6%, p = 0.0001). These light-dependent seasonal differences may influence immune development in adolescents.

Graphical abstract
Trust norms for generative AI data gathering in the African context
Authors: Azeez Abiola Joseph , Adeate Tosin
Published: December 2024

Can trust norms within the African moral system support data gathering for Generative AI (GenAI) development in African society? Recent developments in the field of large language models, such as GenAI, including models like ChatGPT and Midjourney, have identified a common issue with these GenAI models known as “AI hallucination,” which involves the presentation of misinformation as facts along with its potential downside of facilitating public distrust in AI performance. In the African context, this paper frames unsupportive data-gathering norms as a contributory factor to issues such as AI hallucination and investigates the following claims. First, this paper explores the claim that knowledge in the African context exists in both esoteric and exoteric forms, incorporating such diverse knowledge as data could imply that a GenAI tailored for Africa may have unlimited accessibility across all contexts. Second, this paper acknowledges the formidable challenge of amassing a substantial volume of data, which encompasses esoteric information, requisite for the development of a GenAI model, positing that the establishment of a foundational framework for data collection, rooted in trust norms that is culturally resonant, has the potential to engender trust dynamics between data providers and collectors. Lastly, this paper recommends that trust norms in the African context require recalibration to align with contemporary social progress, while preserving their core values, to accommodate innovative data-gathering methodologies for a GenAI tailored to the African setting. This paper contributes to how trust culture within the African context, particularly in the domain of GenAI for African society, propels the development of Afro-AI technologies.
Challenges and Implications of Providing Continuous Care for the Elderly in Disaster Situations: A Case Study from the Noto Peninsula Earthquake
Authors: Endo Michioki , Ozaki Akihiko , Ikeguchi Ryo , Yamamoto Chika , Abe Toshiki , Inoue Sakiko , Ishikawa Kazuko , Kikuchi Yuki , Zhao Tianchen , Kami Masahiro , Beniya Hiroyuki
Published: December 2024

On January 1, 2024, an earthquake with a maximum seismic intensity of 7 struck the Noto Peninsula in Ishikawa Prefecture, Japan, causing significant casualties and displacement. The Noto Peninsula has a high aging rate, with 49.5% of its population aged 65 or older. This case study focuses on a 68-year-old woman who developed aspiration pneumonia after being admitted to a welfare shelter. The case highlights the challenges of managing chronic medical care during disasters, particularly for the elderly.
Hegel’s First Attempt to Re-Philosophize Natural Law: Undistorted Intuition, Dead Laws and Ethical Life in ‘On the Scientific Ways of Treating Natural Law’
Authors: Molloy Seán
Published: December 2024

Hegel’s ‘Natural Law’ essay is widely discussed but its substance and the implications of its argument are misunderstood. Hegel’s essay is most often read via other philosophers. Interpretations of this kind are useful but only illuminate those parts of Hegel’s text that intersect with other philosophers’ concerns. This article takes a different approach by focusing on the entirety of the essay and exploring the implications of its two primary arguments: firstly, that there has been a breach between philosophy and natural law; secondly, that without philosophy natural law is thrown back on its own resources, producing two schools of post-philosophical thought—empiricism and formalism—neither of which is adequate to serve as its foundation. I argue that in response to this inadequacy Hegel sublates empiricism and formalism to develop undistorted intuition as a way of thinking designed to effect the re-philosophization of natural law.
A mathematical model for the interaction of anisotropic turbulence with porous surfaces
Authors: Hales Alistair D.G. , Ayton Lorna J. , Wills Angus O. , Jiang Chaoyang , de Silva Charitha , Moreau Danielle , Doolan Con
Published: December 2024

Leading-edge noise is a complex phenomenon that occurs when a turbulent fluid encounters a solid object, and is a notable concern in various engineering applications. This study enhances a mathematical leading-edge noise model (Hales et al., J. Fluid Mech., vol. 970, 2023, A29) for anisotropic flow and porous boundaries. The model has two key components. First, we adjust the velocity spectrum to account for the possibility of anisotropy in the flow. This paper rigorously introduces a third dimension for the turbulence spectrum that preserves the turbulence kinetic energy and mathematical definitions for integral length scales. Second, we adapt the fully analytical acoustic transfer function to account for different boundaries by implementing convective impedance boundary conditions when formulating the gust-diffraction problem. This problem is then solved using the Wiener–Hopf technique. We discuss important aspects of this method, including the factorisation of a non-trivial scalar kernel function and the application of suitable edge conditions for the problem. Each modification is inspired by experimental leading-edge noise data using a series of different porous leading edges and anisotropic turbulence generated by a cylinder upstream of the edge. Experimental data demonstrate the interplay between anisotropy and leading-edge modifications while achieving the characteristic mid-frequency noise reduction expected from porous leading edges. Our model is adapted to best fit the trends of the data via a tailored impedance function, leading to good agreement with all datasets across an extended frequency range. This tailored function is used to successfully validate the model against other datasets from a different set of experiments.