bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PHYTOCHEMICAL SCREENING AND ANTIDIABETIC ACTIVITY OF DIFFERENT LEAF EXTRACTS FROM LOTUS (NELUMBO NUCIFERA GAERTN.) IN STREPTOZOTOCIN INDUCED MICE
Authors: Rumanti Ruth Mayana , Nainggolan Marline , Harahap Urip
Published: December 2017

Objective: The present study is to evaluate the antidiabetic activity of various extract of Lotus (Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn.) leaf using hexane, ethyl acetate, and ethanol organic solvent.Methods: Standard phytochemical screening method and streptozotocin induced diabetic mice.Result: The phytochemical screening showed only ethyl acetate of lotus leaf extract contains the flavonoids. The ethyl acetate lotus leaf extract (dose level 150 mg/kg) showed a significant reduction of the blood glucose.Conclusion: The ethyl acetate extract of lotus leaf (N. nucifera Gaertn.) had the hypoglycemic effect on diabetic induced mice.
BACTERIAL CONTAMINATION OF HANDS OF MEDICAL INTERNS AND UNDERGRADUATE STUDENTS
Authors: Senthil Sunandha , Hegde Ashwini , Kulkarni Vaman , M Radhakrishna
Published: December 2017

Objective: Cross-transmission by the hands of health-care workers is considered the main route of spread of nosocomial infections. Awareness among medical students and interns about the importance of hand hygiene practices and facilities for its adherence can play a major role in reducing disease transmission. The objectives of the present study were: (1) To determine the level and type of microbial contamination present on the hands of medical students and interns from a teaching hospital of Mangalore, Karnataka, and (2) to evaluate the relationship between hand contamination and knowledge, attitude, and practices of hand hygiene.Methods: Swabs were obtained from the dominant hand and the skin surface beneath the rings of participants during their routine work hours. Laboratory analysis was carried out within one hour of collection of samples. The participants were asked to fill a questionnaire on hand hygiene. Descriptive statistics and analysis was done by Chi-square test.Results: Of the 70 study participants, 35 (50%) were medical undergraduate students and 35 (50%) were medical interns. The contamination rate was higher among the undergraduates (91.4% [32/35]) compared to interns (77.1% [27/35]). 38 (54%) participants hands were contaminated with Staphylococcus aureus, of which 17 (44.7%) were methicillin-resistant S. aureus. Although overall knowledge status about hand hygiene was good, concepts about certain key elements in hand hygiene were not clearly understood by the participants. Knowledge about alcohol-based hand rubs was not up to the mark. The level of knowledge was found to be similar between UGs and interns and between the genders. Wearing ring while handling patients had an influence on hand contamination.Conclusions: Although the overall knowledge about hand hygiene was good, very few participants knew that hand hygiene after exposure to immediate surroundings of patient can prevent cross-transmission. Health-care workers may unknowingly carry antibiotic-resistant bacteria on their hands. Being unaware of this fact may have serious repercussions as the students and interns may serve as a medium for the spread of nosocomial infections.
QUANTITATIVE PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS AND ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITIES OF SOME CITRUS FRUITS OF SOUTH INDIA
Authors: M` Pallavi , Ck Ramesh , V Krishna , Parveen Sameera , L Nanjunda Swamy
Published: December 2017

Objective: The current investigation was contemplated to evaluate the phytochemicals and in vitro antioxidant activities in peel and pulp of some commercially grown citrus fruits of South India, namely, lemon (Citrus aurantifolia), orange (Citrus reticulata), sour orange (Citrus aurantium), pomello (Citrus grandis), and citron (Citrus medica).Methods: The peel and pulp of the fruits were separated and subjected to cold extraction using 70% alcohol. The extracts obtained were screened for the presence of their phytoconstituents using various qualitative and further quantified for major constituents. Further, the in vitro antioxidant activity was assayed by different radical scavenging methods, namely, 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl, superoxide anion, nitric oxide, lipid peroxidation inhibition, iron chelating activity, and reducing power assay at different concentrations.Results: All the citrus fruits have shown significant in vitro antioxidant activity for the parameters assessed, wherein peel extracts recorded superior antioxidant potential than their corresponding pulps. The broad range of activity of the extracts suggests that multiple mechanisms mediated by the phytoconstituents are responsible for the antioxidant activity.Conclusion: The study thus revealed that peel and pulp of citrus fruits are potential sources of bioactive compounds which are reflected in antioxidant activity and supports their health-promoting claims of plethora of investigations.
A NEW ELECTROCHEMICAL SENSOR BASED ON MODIFIED CARBON NANOTUBE-GRAPHITE MIXTURE PASTE ELECTRODE FOR VOLTAMMETRIC DETERMINATION OF RESORCINOL
Authors: Jg Manjunatha
Published: December 2017

Objective: A new carbon nanotube (CNT)-graphite mixture paste electrode modified by Sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) surfactant (SDSMCNTGMPE) was prepared and applied for sensitive electrochemical determination of resorcinol (RS).Method: Cyclic voltammetry, variable pressure scanning electron microscopy, and differential voltammetry were employed for the surface analysis of the bare CNT-graphite mixture paste electrode and SDSMCNTGMPE. Comparison between the unmodified electrode and modified electrode, the modified electrode oxidation peak current significantly improved. The effects of the pH, scan rate, and concentration of RS on the peak current were investigated.Results: Results indicated that the peak current of RS is highest in 0.2 M pH 7.0 phosphate buffer solutions and that the electrode reaction corresponds to a rate controlled process. Under optimized experimental conditions, the oxidation peak current of RS was linear over a concentration range of 2×10−6 to 1.0×10−3 M with a detection limit of 5.8×10−6 M and quantification limit of 19×10−6 M.Conclusion: The prepared sensor also shows other features such as good stability, reproducibility and repeatability. The proposed sensor exhibits good application toward the detection of RS in commercial RS lotion samples.
ELECTRONIC INFORMED CONSENT MODEL DEVELOPMENT FOR IMPLEMENTATION IN CLINICAL TRIALS IN UKRAINE
Authors: Vy Dobrova , KО Zupanets , Ty Kolodyezna , Timchenko Yuriytimchenko
Published: December 2017

Objectives: The process of signing the informed consent (IC) is one of the essential procedures during organizing and conducting the clinical trial (CT) of any new drug. During this procedure, the volunteers should read the IC form that is often difficult to understand. Analysis of literature showed lack of experience in use of electronic systems in the IC signing in Ukraine. Abroad such systems are quite new. Thus, the aim of this work is the rationale for the introduction of electronic IC to CT drugs in Ukraine and the development of its general model.Methods: Experience in the use of electronic systems in IC signing analysis was carried out using methods of system analysis, synthesis, abstraction, and generalization.Results: Thus, during the signing process of paper forms risks and errors may arise such as loss of paper copies and signing of an incorrect version of the document by the volunteer. With the use of electronic forms, it is possible to prevent three categories of risks in preparation and signing, such as risks in the development, use, and auditing of IC forms. The opportunities of the electronic IC system to protect trial subjects in its use during organizing and conducting of CT were showed.Conclusions: The study showed that such systems are effective. Therefore, it seems appropriate to introduce electronic IC in CT of new drugs in Ukraine. We have formulated requirements to the system and determined its structure for optimal use.
TASTE ALTERATION AND QUALITY OF LIFE OF PATIENTS RECEIVING CHEMOTHERAPY
Authors: Antony Anooja , Pavithran Sheela
Published: December 2017

Objective: The study was conducted with the aim to determine the taste alteration (TA) and its relation with quality of life (QOL) of patients receiving chemotherapy. Methods: The present study was undertaken among 100 patients receiving cancer chemotherapy with the aim of identifying the commonly experienced TA and its relation with QOL of the patients. The patients were selected by convenience sampling from a selected Cancer Institute in Kerala. Results: The study reported that TA was present in all the patients receiving chemotherapy ranging from mild to severe where 50% had moderate and 9% had severe alteration in taste. There were 19% patients who had poor and 45% who had average QOL. The TAs had a moderately negative correlation with QOL (r=−0.51) indicating that an increase in TA decreases the QOL. Conclusion: The study evinces that TA is a common side effect of chemotherapy which often impacts the QOL negatively. Hence, it is essential to understand the types of TA and the specific drug causing it. This will enable the health-care team members to develop treatments for these conditions and educate patients regarding the strategies to be adopted to manage the problem, thereby improving patients’ QOL.
STUDY ON APHRODISIAC ACTIVITY OF OLEA DIOICA ROXB. BARK, LEAF EXTRACTS, AND ITS PURE COMPOUND USING WISTAR ALBINO RATS
Authors: R Ashwathanarayana , Naika Raja
Published: December 2017

Objectives: We aimed to assess the effects of O. dioica Roxb. leaf and bark extract and its isolated constituent benzeneethanol, 4-hydroxy- on aphrodisiac activity in rats using different standard aphrodisiac parameters.Methods: To determine the aphrodisiac activity several parameters were observed. These include measuring and observing the mount frequency (MF), mount latency (ML), intromission frequency (IF), intromission latency (IL), anogenital sniffing (AS), and genital grooming (GG).Results: The aphrodisiac activity of O. dioica Roxb. leaf and bark extracts and its pure compound were studied on Wistar albino rats at different dosages. The parameters observed during the study were MF, ML, IF, IL, AS, and GG. The results revealed that the crude extracts showed dose-dependent activity in all the concentration, in that, ethanolic leaf extract showed excellent activity compared to ethanolic bark extract and pure compound benzene ethanol 4-hydroxy.Conclusion: Results showed the excellent aphrodisiac activity of O. dioica Roxb. leaf and bark ethanolic extracts. However, the major compound benzeneethanol, 4-hydroxy- was not responsible for the aphrodisiac activity, may be the minor compounds even though in minor concentration in the extract influence the sexual activity in tested animals.
PERCEIVED POSTPARTUM STRESS AND COPING STRATEGIES AMONG POSTNATAL MOTHERS AT AIMS, KOCHI
Authors: Mathew Rachel Margret , T Anju Philip , Mg Sreejamol
Published: December 2017

Objectives: The present study aimed to identify the perceived postpartum stress among postnatal mothers, identify coping strategies adopted by postnatal mothers, find out correlation between the level of perceived postpartum stress and coping strategies among postnatal mothers and find out the association between the level of perceived postpartum stress and demographic variables.Methods: A quantitative descriptive study was conducted among 100 postnatal mothers. Convenience sampling technique was used. Hung postpartum stress scale and coping strategies inventory short form were used for the assessment of postpartum stress and coping strategies.Results: Among the 100 participants, 63% of the postnatal mothers had mild stress, 33% had moderate stress, and only 4% had severe stress. Majority of the mothers were used problem-focused engagement as a coping strategy. There was a positive correlation found between the level of perceived postpartum stress and coping strategies such as emotion-focused engagement and emotion-focused disengagement. There was significant association found between the level of perceived postpartum stress and demographic variables such as age, education, length of marriage, status of pregnancy, method of baby feeding, pregnancy events, intrapartum events, birth weight of baby, child birth experience, status of newborn, and postpartum events.Conclusion: The high proportion and severity of postpartum stress observed among this study group proves that postpartum stress is common and cannot be ignored.
EVALUATION OF ANTIHYPERGLYCAEMIC EFFECT OF BUTEA MONOSPERMA LEAF EXTRACT ON ADRENALIN INDUCED AND HIGH GLUCOSE FEED ANIMAL MODEL
Authors: Ray Biswaranjan , Mahapatra Santosh Kumar , Behera Pradipta Kumar , Panigrahi Ashok K
Published: December 2017

Objective: As per the ethnopharmacological information has Butea monosperma been used to treat diabetes mellitus by the tribal people of tropical and subtropical areas. However, there is no much more scientific report available about the antidiabetic property of the leaves of the plant. Hence, the study was undertaken to evaluate the antidiabetic effect of ethanolic extract of B. monosperma on blood levels of adrenaline-induced and glucose feed diabetic rabbits.Methods: The three different doses of the extracts (100, 200, and 400 mg/kg) were administered orally to an experimental animal. The animals were induced diabetics by adrenaline and high glucose diet. Blood glucose level was measured accordingly. For antidiabetic activity, photocolorimeter was used to monitoring the blood glucose level with crest kit box (GOP-POD method).Results: The extracts showed considerable dose-dependent activity. However, the dose 400 mg/kg showed considerable lower of blood glucose level. p<0.01 indicates the significance result. 8 hrs reading 182.5±3.83 for 400 mg does is most effective for reducing blood sugar.Conclusion: The study indicates that the ethanolic extract of B. monosperma leaves possesses antidiabetic properties which suggest the presence of biologically active components.
ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITIES OF ANREDERA CORDIFOLIA (TEN.) V. STEENIS LEAVES EXTRACTS AND FRACTIONS
Authors: Leliqia Ni Putu Eka , Sukandar Elin Yulinah , Fidrianny Irda
Published: December 2017

Objective: This study aims to determine antibacterial activity of Anredera cordifolia leaves extracts and fractions.Methods: Crude drug was extracted using two methods. First method was extraction by reflux using ethanol 96% and then fractionated by liquid-liquid extraction using n-hexane and ethyl acetate. Second method was gradually extraction by reflux using n-hexane, ethyl acetate and ethanol 96%, respectively. Phytochemical screening was applied to all extracts and fractions, followed by thin-layer chromatography using ursolic acid, oleanolic acid (OA), apigetrin, and rutin as reference substances. A two-fold serial microdilution method was used to determine minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) against Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 6538), methicillin-susceptible S. aureus, methicillin resistant S. aureus (MRSA), Bacillus subtilis (ATCC 6633), Bacillus cereus (ATCC 11778), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC 9027), Escherichia coli (ATCC 8939), E. coli H7 (O156), and ESBL E. coli. Bacteriostatic and bactericidal activities were determined using minimum bactericidal concentration/MIC ratio.Results: The ethanolic extract, n-hexane and ethyl acetate fractions of A. cordifolia from the first method had antibacterial activity against S. aureus, MRSA, B. subtilis, and B. cereus (MIC 256-512 μg/ml). However, n-hexane and ethyl acetate extract from the second method had broad spectrum of antibacterial activity, which could inhibit the growth of S. aureus, MRSA, B. subtilis, P. aeruginosa, and E. coli (MIC 256-512 μg/ml). Extracts and fractions showed bacteriostatic and bactericidal activities, but n-hexane extract has most bactericidal activity. Furthermore, steroid/triterpenoid, ursolic, and OA were found in this extract.Conclusion: The n-hexane extract from the second method showed the highest antibacterial activity.
PHYTOCHEMICAL INVESTIGATION AND ANTIMICROBIAL PROPERTIES OF DIOSCOREA BULBIFERA TUBER
Authors: P Dahiya
Published: December 2017

Objective: The inhibitory properties of successive extracts from Dioscorea bulbifera (Dioscoreaceae) tubers have been evaluated for the presence of phytochemical constituents and antimicrobial efficacy against multidrug-resistant (MDR) clinical isolates was evaluated.Methods: The tuber of D. bulbifera was oven dried and extracted successively with n-hexane, chloroform, methanol, ethanol, and water. The antimicrobial potential of successive extracts against MDR isolates was studied by agar well-diffusion method. Qualitative phytochemical analysis was performed.Results: Qualitative phytochemical analysis demonstrated the presence of steroids, flavonoids, cardiac glycosides, saponins, and reducing sugars in almost all the extracts tested. Anthraquinones, phlobatanins, and tannins were not reported in any extracts tested. The in vitro antimicrobial activity of various solvents and water extracts of D. bulbifera was further investigated against ten MDR bacteria and three fungi, respectively. Aqueous and chloroform extracts were found to be more potent being capable of exerting significant inhibitory activities against the majority of the isolates such as Escherichia coli, Acinetobacter sp., Salmonella paratyphi, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Candida albicans. The highest inhibitory activity was observed for K. pneumoniae with wide inhibition zone diameters (17 ± 0.15 mm), followed by E. coli 1(13 ± 0.11) mm, and Acinetobacter sp. (11 ± 0.12).Conclusion: Based on the present study, the extracts of D. bulbifera tubers have shown excellent activity against MDR microbial cultures tested. Further study is recommended for clinical evaluation, of the efficacy of crude extract in herbal medicine that can serve as a base for the development of novel potent drugs and phytomedicines.
PEROXISOME PROLIFERATOR-ACTIVATED RECEPTOR-GAMMA, AN EMERGING POTENTIAL TARGET TO COMBAT METABOLIC DISORDER
Authors: Bairy Partha Sarathi
Published: December 2017

Day-by-day metabolic disorder/syndrome (MS) falling in love with current lifestyle status of everyone especially after study age group of people. If we look carefully around us, we will see evidence is growing up of diabetic, obese, and hypertensive population regularly. In urgencies of above view extensive literature survey has been done prioritizing prevalence of metabolic disorder and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPAR-γ) as potential target protein. This review covered current status of MS emphasizing diabetes along with its management criteria. Special importance is given to PPAR-γ exploring its metabolic regulation and structural orientation for understanding ligand-protein interaction. Development of PPAR-γ agonist thiazolidinediones (TZDs) and other pharmacodynamic importance of this nuclear receptor also discussed. Being as nuclear receptor more genomics exploitation needs to be done emphasizing minimization of cardiac adverse effect. Selective PPAR modulator (SPPRM), TZDs are the master regulator of adipogenesis and angiogenesis which makes TZD more interesting topic to explore. Developmental hierarchy suggests that in a few years from now PPAR-γ won’t be in the list of double edge sword.
ISOLATION OF SOME POTENTIAL PHYTOCOMPOUNDS FROM ADHATODA VASICA THROUGH GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY-MASS SPECTROSCOPY ANALYSIS
Authors: Khan Aziz Mohammad , Bhadauria Seema
Published: December 2017

Objective: The aim of this study is to screen the medicinal compounds present in the leaves, shoots, and flowers of Adhatoda vasica by gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy (GC-MS) analysis. Methods: Plant leaves, shoots, and flowers were collected, washed, shade dried, and powdered. Methanol extracts of all plant parts were prepared by soxhlation method. All the plant part extracts were analyzed for the identification of phytocompounds present in plant parts using GC-MS and matched by the National Institute of Standards and Technology library.Results: A wide range of fatty acids and the heterocyclic compound was identified which is responsible for antibacterial, antifungal, anti-inflammatory, and antimycotic activity.Conclusion: The study concludes that A. vasica have many important important biologically compounds so it can be recommended as a plant of pharmaceutical importance.
EFFECTIVITY ANALYSIS OF NEUROPROTECTOR (VITAMIN B COMPLEX AND MECOBALAMIN) AS NEUROPATHIC PAIN SUPPORTIVE THERAPY IN ELDERLY WITH TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS
Authors: Jaya Made Krisnaadi , Dwicandra Nimade Oka
Published: December 2017

Objective: Neuroprotector (Vitamin B complex or mecobalamin)is often used as a supportive neuropathic pain therapy. The effectiveness of this drug remains controversial, especially in geriatrics with Type 2 diabetic neuropathy pains. The aim of this study was to compare the diabetes neuropathic pain reduction in elderly with and without neuroprotective supplementation.Method: The study was conducted by prospective cohort design. 132 agings were observed during 4 weeks at Neurology Polyclinic, Sanglah Public Hospital, Denpasar, Bali-Indonesia. Individuals undergoing the first-line neuropathic pain therapy who received neuroprotector supplementation were included in the exposure group (66 individuals), while those not receiving neuroprotective supplementations were included in the nonexposure group (66 individuals). The pain scores were measured by numeric rating scales instruments. The measured outcome was a decrease in diabetic neuropathic pain scores.Result: Both groups showed reduce on pain scores statistically different compared to baseline pain score (p<0.05). The comparison head-to-head on neuroprotector supplementation group showed significantly greater to reduce the pain score compared to nonexposure group (p<0.05). The relative risk of pain score reduction more than 2 units was 1.37 (confidence interval [CI]95%: 1.05-1.80)and the number need to treat was 5 (CI 95%: 3-28) compared to nonexposure group.Conclusion: Individuals who are undergoing the first-line neuropathic pain therapy and getting Vitamin B complex or mecobalamin supplementation had decreased pain intensity better than without supplementation therapy.
FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF NOVEL ANTIBACTERIAL AND ANTI-INFLAMMATORY CREAM CONTAINING MUNTINGIA CALABURA LEAVES EXTRACT
Authors: Sekar Mahendran , Abdul Jalil Nur Syahira
Published: December 2017

Objective: The main objective of the present study was to formulate antibacterial and anti-inflammatory cream using Muntingia calabura leaves extract.Methods: 500 g of matured leaves of M. calabura were extracted with 70% methanol using maceration method for a week. The antibacterial activity of the extract and formulated cream in different concentration was investigated against two Gram-positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus cereus) and two Gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa) through disc diffusion method. The anti-inflammatory activity of extract and formulated cream was studied using inhibition of albumin denaturation technique.Results: The antibacterial activity of the methanolic extract was studied in different concentrations (5, 10, and 25 mg/ml) and the formulated cream was studied in the concentration of (10, 25, 50, and 100 mg/ml). The extract showed significant antibacterial activity with all the tested pathogens with a zone of inhibition ranges from 3.33 ± 0.88-14.60 ± 0.80 mm. As for the formulated cream, the zone of inhibition for F1 ranged from 0.67 ± 0.67 mm to 14.80 ± 1.17 mm. F2 presented zone of inhibition at 3.40 ± 1.64 mm to 15.00 ± 1.18 mm. The anti-inflammatory activity showed maximum inhibition of 63.93 ± 5.90, 41.83 ± 5.64, and 27.20 ± 2.72 was observed at 1000 μg/ml for the extract, F2 and F1, respectively. The cream was found to be in stable state after 2 months.Conclusion: The results showed that the formulated cream can be used for bacterial infections and to reduce inflammation. We recommend this formulation need to be further developed into commercial standards.
RECENT REPORTS ON PYRAZOLE-BASED BIOACTIVE COMPOUNDS AS CANDIDATE FOR ANTICANCER AGENTS
Authors: Ardiansah Bayu
Published: December 2017

Pyrazole is a five-membered heterocyclic compound containing two nitrogen atoms. Due to its biological significance, design of novel pyrazole derivatives has become an interesting research area. We report the current progress in the development of anticancer agents containing pyrazole ring covering the time span of the past few years (2013–2016). The presence of this nucleus is accompanied with some side chains, functional groups, or in combination with other nucleus such as thiazole, thiourea, glucosamine, naphthalimide, and benzofuran. Several biologically active pyrazoles synthesized by numerous researchers across the world are summarized in this paper.
Costs of subcutaneous and intravenous administration of trastuzumab for patients with HER2-positive breast cancer
Authors: Olsen Jens , Jensen Kenneth Forsstrøm , Olesen Daniel Sloth , Knoop Ann
Published: December 2017

Aim:
Trastuzumab is available in an intravenous (iv.) and a subcutaneous (sc.) formulation. The objective of this study was to estimate the costs of administration of iv. and sc. trastuzumab treatment.
Materials & methods:
Via interviews, we identified all the activities associated with iv. and sc. administration. The outcome was time estimates. To estimate the administration costs, the time estimates were valued by average gross wages.
Results:
 The iv. administration takes longer time as infusion time is longer (25 or 85 min). The iv. administration is associated with higher cost for 17 cycles; €971 (€1858 vs €887).
Conclusion:
sc. administration is associated with lower administration costs. Switching patients from iv. to sc. would make it possible to treat more patients without increasing the personnel resources.
DIAGNÓSTICO HIGIÊNICO-SANITÁRIO DE EMPREENDIMENTO ECÔNOMICO SOLIDÁRIO PRODUTOR DE SALADAS LOCALIZADO NO RECÔNCAVO BAIANO
Authors: Silva Isabella de Matos Mendes , Santos Francileide de Oliveira , Rodrigues Tatiana Pacheco
Published: December 2017

Dentre os empreendimentos solidários existentes destacam-se os que produzem alimentos para a coletividade, os quais necessitam de um controle rígido de qualidade. O presente trabalho objetivou analisar as condições sanitárias de saladas produzidas por um empreendimento solidário. Foi aplicada uma lista de verificação (check list) e realizada análise microbiológica de coliformes totais, Escherichia coli e Staphylococcus aureus em amostras de saladas, utilizando o método rápido de contagem por placas Petrifilm™. O empreendimento, considerando o diagnóstico higiênico-sanitário, foi classificado no grupo 3, com 27,67% de adequação. A população de coliformes totais variou de <10² a 5,5x10³ UFC/g e que 55,5% das amostras apresentaram resultados acima de 10² UFC/g. A população de Escherichia coli foi <10² UFC/g. Os resultados revelaram que 33,3% das amostras apresentaram populações acima de 102 UFC/g de Staphylococcus aureus. Concluiu-se que o estabelecimento apresentou condições higiênico-sanitárias deficientes, sendo necessária melhoria da estrutura física para permitir a melhor realização das atividades, além da elaboração e execução de um programa de formação contínuo das cooperadas, envolvendo boas práticas e gestão do empreendimento econômico solidário.

Palavras-chave: Empreendimento solidário. Lista de verificação. Análise microbiológica. Qualidade das saladas.
COMPORTAMENTO SEDENTÁRIO EM UNIVERSITÁRIOS: PREVALÊNCIA E FATORES ASSOCIADOS
Authors: Claumann Gaia Salvador , Felden Érico Pereira Gomes , Pelegrini Andreia
Published: December 2017

A permanência por quatro ou mais horas diárias em eletrônicos e somente no computador, respectivamente, é considerado comportamento sedentário elevado no lazer e no estudo/trabalho. O presente estudo objetivou investigar a prevalência de comportamento sedentário e os fatores associados em universitários. Pesquisa de caráter descritivo e delineamento transversal, da qual participaram 202 estudantes (108 mulheres) de uma universidade pública de Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, com média de idade de 21,1 anos. Foram coletadas informações sociodemográficas (sexo, idade, nível econômico e trabalho), massa corporal e estatura, nível de atividade física e comportamento sedentário no lazer e no estudo/trabalho. Possíveis associações entre o comportamento sedentário elevado e as demais variáveis foram testadas por meio de Regressão de Poisson. Os resultados apontaram a prevalência de comportamento sedentário elevado no lazer de 40,6% e no estudo/trabalho de 29,2%. Os universitários que trabalhavam apresentaram maior envolvimento em atividades sedentárias no lazer. Em relação ao comportamento sedentário no estudo/trabalho, os acadêmicos que trabalhavam e aqueles insuficientemente ativos apresentaram comportamento sedentário superior. Concluiu-se que as prevalências de elevado envolvimento em comportamentos sedentários, tanto no lazer como no estudo/trabalho, podem ser consideradas altas, evidenciando, diante dos riscos relacionados a esse desfecho, a necessidade de, além de serem reforçadas as recomendações de prática de atividades físicas, o incentivo à redução do tempo de permanência em comportamentos sedentários e, sempre que possível, a realização de pausas, especialmente entre as atividades que exijam longa e ininterrupta permanência na posição sentada.

Palavras-chave: Atividade física. Sedentarismo. Prevalência. Estudantes. Saúde do adolescente.
MORTALIDADE POR AFOGAMENTO EM CRIANÇAS MENORES DE 5 ANOS NO BRASIL: 2001 A 2010
Authors: Nogueira Cyntia de Medeiros , Galvão Pauliana Valéria Machado , Campello Santos Raphaella Abreu Carneiro , Amaral Fragoso Bárbara Raquel Timóteo do , Laureano Filho José Rodrigues , Souza Eliane Helena Alvim de
Published: December 2017

Anualmente, 400 mil pessoas morrem por afogamento no mundo, sendo as crianças abaixo de 5 anos as maiores vítimas. Este estudo objetivou descrever o perfil das crianças menores de 5 anos vítimas de afogamento no Brasil no período de 2001 a 2010. Foram realizadas análises descritivas e cruzamentos de variáveis. Os dados foram obtidos nas Declarações de Óbito registradas no Sistema de Informação de Mortalidade. As taxas de mortalidade foram calculadas e padronizadas pelo método direto. Os resultados apontaram a ocorrência, no período estudado, de 5.603 óbitos, predominantemente no sexo masculino, pardos, com um ano de idade. Houve decréscimo dos casos com o aumento da idade. Os meses com maior ocorrência foram os do verão e a maior e menor casuística para os anos de 2002 e 2010, respectivamente. A maior frequência foi no Nordeste e, quando especificado, em águas naturais. Concluiu-se que uma estratégia voltada para prevenir afogamento deve considerar a maior frequência em crianças de um ano completo, do sexo masculino e pardos, além de ocorrência no verão e na região Nordeste.

Palavras-chave: Mortalidade. Afogamento. Epidemiologia descritiva.
ATENDIMENTO INFANTOJUVENIL EM CENTROS DE ATENÇÃO PSICOSSOCIAL DE SALVADOR, BAHIA, BRASIL
Authors: Ceballos Grey Yuliet , Neves dos Santos Darci , Mota Eduardo Luiz Andrade
Published: December 2017

Centros de Atenção Psicossocial Infantojuvenis (CAPSi) são equipamentos especializados para dar cobertura à demanda de crianças e adolescentes que requerem algum tipo de tratamento para transtornos mentais. O objetivo do estudo foi descrever o perfil nosológico e sociodemográfico dos registros de atendimentos infantojuvenis realizados pelo conjunto de Centros de Atenção Psicossocial implantados em Salvador, Bahia, Brasil. Tratou-se de estudo ecológico, descritivo. Utilizaram-se dados secundários de 2010 a 2012, de população entre 1 e 19 anos de idade assistida nos Centros de Atenção Psicossocial. Dados das Autorizações de Pagamento de Serviços de Alta Complexidade foram obtidos no site do Departamento de informação do SUS e foram analisados com os aplicativos TabWin e EpiInfo versão 7.0. Realizaram-se análises descritivas gerais. Os resultados informaram que o total de 14 CAPS com registros em Salvador registraram 5.140 atendimentos no período estudado, sendo dois centros para infância e adolescência (CAPSi), 1 para usuários de álcool e outras drogas (CAPS-AD) e 11 equipamentos para adultos. Nos CAPSis, 27,4% dos atendimentos registrados foram para transtornos do comportamento, 26,8% para retardo mental e 19,3% para transtornos do desenvolvimento. Nos registros de CAPS para adultos, as esquizofrenias foram os diagnósticos mais frequentes entre os adolescentes (48,3%). No CAPS-AD, 80,4% dos diagnósticos em adolescente correspondeu a transtornos mentais pelo uso de múltiplas substâncias psicoativas. Concluiu-se que o perfil nosológico dos CAPS infantis caracterizou-se pelo predomínio dos transtornos de aprendizagem. O atendimento infantojuvenil em CAPS para adultos sugere déficit do número de CAPSi.

Palavras-chave: Epidemiologia. Serviços comunitários de saúde mental. Crianças e adolescentes.
COOPERAÇÃO INTERMUNICIPAL NA PERCEPÇÃO DE GESTORES DE SAÚDE
Authors: Carneiro Cintia Maria Moraes , Souza Mariluce Karla Bomfim de
Published: December 2017

A cooperação entre governos busca o estabelecimento das relações de caráter cooperativo e a viabilização das ações de saúde e o acesso a estas. Este estudo qualitativo teve por objetivos descrever o processo de cooperação intermunicipal em saúde e identificar dificuldades, facilidades e potencialidades para a sua prática, com base na percepção dos gestores municipais de uma região de saúde da Bahia, Brasil. Os dados foram coletados em 18 entrevistas. As categorias de análise referiram o conhecimento e as práticas de cooperação intermunicipal em saúde e as dificuldades, facilidades e potencialidades nesse processo. Os resultados destacaram, dentre as práticas cooperativas implementadas na região, a pactuação e o expressivo uso da cooperação informal. As dificuldades apontadas foram a não implementação das metas estipuladas na Programação Pactuada Integrada por parte dos municípios executores, a falta de estrutura da Rede de Atenção à Saúde no seu caráter regional, o subfinanciamento e o partidarismo político. Quanto às facilidades/potencialidades, foi referido o processo de comunicação e a boa relação interpessoal entre os gestores, a existência da comissão enquanto espaço propiciador das discussões e negociações e a estrutura da rede de saúde municipal. Concluiu-se que a implementação das práticas cooperativas adequadas à realidade da região de saúde possibilitou a formação de uma rede estruturada, haja vista o caráter fortalecedor da cooperação intermunicipal para o processo de regionalização solidária.

Palavras-chave: Cooperação horizontal. Gestor de saúde. Regionalização.
O TRABALHO NOS CENTROS DE ATENÇÃO PSICOSSOCIAL EM UMA CAPITAL DO NORDESTE: LIMITES E DESAFIOS
Authors: Ribeiro Mara Cristina , Chaves Jéssica Bazilio , Barros Alice Correia , Correia Marinho da Silva , Lessa Rebeca de Oliveira , Tavares Lucas Nascimento
Published: December 2017

As equipes de trabalho dos Centros de Atenção Psicossocial têm enfrentado diversos desafios para efetivarem as novas proposições das práticas no enfoque da reabilitação psicossocial. A pesquisa teve como objetivo conhecer como esses trabalhadores avaliam suas práticas e as novas estratégias de cuidado desenvolvidas em quatro serviços de Maceió, Alagoas. Trata-se de estudo descritivo, exploratório, de abordagem qualitativa, sendo a análise dos dados realizada sob o referencial da análise de conteúdo. Foram entrevistados 19 profissionais de nível superior de diversas categorias entre os meses de maio a agosto de 2013. A análise das falas resultou em quatro principais categorias temáticas: Limites e desafios dos serviços; Exercício da reabilitação psicossocial; Entre as ações individuais e grupais; Entre as ações institucionais e territoriais. Pôde-se concluir que existe o reconhecimento da contribuição das novas práticas no cuidado e na reabilitação dos usuários desses serviços, porém foi possível detectar fragilidade e fragmentação das atividades e sobrecarga no trabalho, resultando em estagnação dos processos de trabalho nesses serviços.

Palavras-chave: Saúde mental. Serviços de saúde mental. Trabalho. Trabalhadores. Desinstitucionalização.
ACIDENTE COM ESCORPIÕES NO MUNICÍPIO DE BARREIRAS, BAHIA, BRASIL: LEVANTAMENTO EPIDEMIOLÓGICO DE 2012 A 2014
Authors: Carvalho Deborah Rocha , Franco-Assis Greice Ayra
Published: December 2017

O escorpionismo é caracterizado como o quadro de envenenamento humano causado pela picada e inoculação da peçonha escorpiônica, problema considerado questão de saúde pública no Brasil, chegando a mais de 50.000 casos no ano de 2010. O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar os dados secundários dos acidentes escorpiônicos ocorridos em Barreiras, Bahia, Brasil, entre janeiro de 2012 e dezembro de 2014. Na realização do trabalho, foram utilizadas informações obtidas na Secretaria de Vigilância Epidemiológica de Barreiras, utilizando os dados tabulados disponibilizados pelo Sistema de Informação e Agravos de Notificação. Como resultado, obteve-se as notificações de 304 acidentes, sendo o sexo feminino o mais atingido, totalizando 162 (53,28%) notificações. Metade dos acidentados, 156 (51,3%), pertencia à faixa etária de 20 a 49 anos. Os acidentes foram mais frequentes na zona urbana, onde ocorreram 220 (72,3%) notificações. O mês de maior ocorrência foi outubro, porém não se observou um padrão característico de sazonalidade. Concluiu-se que a elevada incidência do escorpionismo em Barreiras confirma a necessidade de campanhas para conscientização e prevenção de acidentes, desenvolvidas em conjunto pela Secretaria de Vigilância Sanitária e Centro de Controle de Zoonoses da Prefeitura de Barreiras.

Palavras-chave: Acidentes escorpiônicos. Saúde pública. Escorpiões.
The role of HLA-typing in transplantation of hematopoietic stem cells
Authors: Khomenko V.
Published: December 2017

The system of human leukocyte antigen (HLA) and HLA-typing were used to match a potential donor with a recipient for allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). The HLA matching between donor and recipient is key role in allogeneic HSCT. The mismatch of HLA can cause graft rejection, graft-versus-host disease and decrease survival in patients receiving grafts from both related and unrelated donors. The adverse HLA effect on the outcome depends on the total number of mismatched alleles/loci and the resolution level of the mismatch (antigen or allele level).Thus, the final choice of compatible donor-recipient pairs should be based on high resolution molecular-genetic methods of HLA-typing. Serologic and molecular genetic methods of low resolution HLA-typing, which are cheaper than HLA-typing high-resolution, should be used for donor screening studies. HSCT from a fully compatible donor, matched high-resolution HLA-typing methods gives better results than from partially compatible. In some clinical circumstances, a partially compatible donor may be as effective as fully compatible. The selection of such a donor, taking into account the controversy of data from various literary sources, should be based on own research and experience. Creation and development of a Ukrainian database of donors with the HLA-haplotype specific to the indigenous population will make search of matching pairs of donor recipients more effective and cost-effective.
Conference Abstracts “Innovative trends in genetic and regenerative medicine” (November 9-10, 2017, Kyiv, Ukraine)
Authors: Kyryk V.
Published: December 2017

Conference Abstracts “Innovative trends in genetic and regenerative medicine” (November 9-10, 2017, Kyiv, Ukraine)
A Case of Laryngeal Granuloma Likely Caused by Laryngopharyngeal Reflux Disease Following a Sagittal Split Ramus Osteotomy
Authors: Nakamura Mami , Uda Akio , Kataoka Naokazu , Nagasaka Kana , Tamashige Kazuhisa , Mori Daichi , Niwa Hideo , Shibutani Koh
Published: December 2017

Laryngeal granuloma is an uncommon complication of prolonged endotracheal intubation. A 25-year-old woman with severe jaw deformity underwent sagittal split ramus osteotomy under general anesthesia. Two days after extubation, the patient complained of hoarseness, sore throat, and dyspnea. When symptoms persisted, she was evaluated in the Otolaryngology Department. She was diagnosed with laryngeal granuloma of the bilateral arytenoid cartilages, and conservative treatment was selected. Administration of corticosteroid hormones, proton pump inhibitors, and a subsequent follow-up examination performed in our outpatient clinic showed no evidence of recurrence 10 months after the initial presentation.
A Combination of Dexmedetomidine and Lidocaine Is a Cardiovascularly Safe Dental Local Anesthetic for Hypertensive Rats Treated With a Nonselective β-Adrenergic Antagonist
Authors: Tsutsui Yukako , Sunada Katsuhisa
Published: December 2017

Hypertensive patients receiving nonselective β-adrenergic antagonists are vulnerable to hypertension and bradycardia when injected with dental local anesthetic formulations containing epinephrine. Dexmedetomidine (DEX), an α2-adrenergic agonist, has been reported to prolong and enhance the local anesthetic effects of lidocaine. The cardiovascular effects of the DEX-lidocaine combination have not yet been investigated in the presence of nonselective β-adrenergic antagonists. Therefore, we assessed the cardiovascular effects of the DEX-lidocaine combination in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) treated with a nonselective β-adrenergic antagonist (propranolol). We injected propranolol-treated rats with various concentrations of DEX alone, 100 μg/kg epinephrine alone, or 5 μg/kg DEX combined with 2% lidocaine and measured their blood pressure (BP) and heart rates (HR) to assess the cardiovascular effects. The BP of propranolol-treated SHR was significantly increased by treatment with 100 μg/kg epinephrine alone. The BP and HR of propranolol-treated SHR were not significantly changed by treatment with low concentrations of DEX, but they were significantly decreased by treatment with a high concentration of DEX (50 μg/kg). Moreover, there was no significant difference in the BP and HR of propranolol-treated SHR after the injection of a combination of 5 μg/kg DEX and 2% lidocaine. Thus, the DEX-lidocaine combination may be an acceptable addition to dental local anesthetic solutions from a cardiovascular standpoint for hypertensive patients receiving nonselective β-adrenergic antagonists.
Dexmedetomidine Increases the Latency of Thermal Antinociception in Rats
Authors: Tsutsui Yukako , Sunada Katsuhisa
Published: December 2017

Recent reports have stated that dexmedetomidine (DEX), an α2-adrenoreceptor agonist, enhances the local anesthetic effects of ropivacaine and prolongs its effective duration. However, little is known about the effect of a combination of DEX and lidocaine on anesthetic duration. Therefore, we investigated whether DEX can prolong the local anesthetic effect of lidocaine, using the thermal paw withdrawal test in Wistar rats in order to measure local anesthetic duration. We subcutaneously injected 50 μL of either normal saline, 2% lidocaine, a combination of 0.5 μg/kg DEX and 2% lidocaine, or a combination of 2% lidocaine with 1:80,000 epinephrine into the plantar surface of the left hind paw of the rats. The plantar region was stimulated using heat. We measured the perceived acute pain according to paw movement in response to stimulation. We found DEX significantly prolonged the paw withdrawal latency of lidocaine. Moreover, we found that DEX can prolong the local anesthetic duration of lidocaine as much as 1:80,000 epinephrine, up to 35 minutes after injection. In conclusion, this study concluded that a combination of DEX and lidocaine may be useful as a local anesthetic, similar to a combination of epinephrine and lidocaine, for short procedures.
Fatores relacionados ao absenteísmo na equipe de enfermagem: uma revisão integrativa
Authors: Carneiro Viviane Santos Mendes , Adjuto Raphael Neiva Praça
Published: December 2017

O absenteísmo refere-se à frequência ou duração do tempo de trabalho perdido quando os profissionais não comparecem ao trabalho e corresponde às ausências quando se esperava que os mesmos estivessem presentes. Na área da saúde, este assunto tem despertado cada vez mais o interesse dos administradores hospitalares, por ser um dos fatores que implicam na qualidade do cuidado e na segurança do paciente. A enfermagem representa a maior força de trabalho, e é o conjunto de trabalhadores que mais sofre com a inadequada condição de trabalho causadas pelo absenteísmo. OBJETIVO: Identificar os fatores relacionados às ausências não previstas pelos profissionais de enfermagem através de revisão integrativa de literatura. MÉTODOS: Estudo do tipo revisão integrativa da literatura. As bases de dados utilizadas foram Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde ( Lilacs) e  Base de dados de enfermagem (Bdenf), utilizando os descritores Absenteísmo e Enfermagem. RESULTADOS E DISCUSSÃO: Após leitura completa dos artigos, 6 (seis) responderam a questão norteadora, sendo escolhidos para compor este trabalho. Foi possível identificar que o sexo feminino é o mais predominante na equipe de enfermagem, apresentando assim, a maior taxa de abstinência. A categoria profissional que apresentou um maior número de faltas foi a de técnicos e auxiliares de enfermagem. As principais doenças citadas nos estudos foram doenças do sistema osteomuscular e do tecido conjuntivo, doenças do aparelho respiratório, doenças infecciosas e parasitárias e transtornos mentais e comportamentais.
Los inicios del periodismo en Cuba: un noticiero manuscrito del siglo XVIII
Authors: Amores Carredano Juan Bosco
Published: December 2017

El objeto de este trabajo es dar a conocer una documentación inédita que podría considerarse como el primer ensayo de periodismo manuscrito en La Habana, antes de la aparición del primer periódico impreso. Se describe y analiza lo principal de su rico contenido, y se sugiere su posible autoría y finalidad. En conjunto, estos papeles o noticias de La Habana resultan de una especial utilidad para la historia de la capital cubana, y de la isla en general, en la década de 1770.
The relationship between dental caries and carbohydrates intake among preschool-aged children in rural and urban areas
Authors: Fadilah Rina Putri Noer , Nawawi Azkya Patria , Supriatna Andi , Sarwendah Sri , Widyasari Ratih
Published: December 2017

Introduction: The prevalence of dental caries among children has increased in the past decades. Dental caries has a multifactorial aetiology, including host (saliva and teeth), microbiology (plaque), substrate (diet), and time. The role of fermentable carbohydrates intake as a risk factor in the initiation and progression of dental caries. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between dental caries and carbohydrates intake among preschool-aged children in rural and urban areas of the city of Cimahi, Indonesia. Methods: The method used was an analytical cross-sectional study with pathfinder survey based on the WHO basic methods of oral health surveys. The data were collected through intraoral examination, and nutritional status measurement was done by using food frequency questionnaire. Statistical analysis used was the chi-square test. Results: From the study towards 100 preschool children resulted the prevalence of dental caries in rural and urban area respectively was 96 and 92%. The average value of deft index in urban area was 8.46 (95% CI:7.00-9.91) and was 7.98 (95% CI:6.50-9.45) in rural area. The average value of sucrose intake frequency in urban area was 237.14 (95% CI:204.95-269.32), whilst in rural area was 177.54 (95% CI:155.66-199.41). Conclusion: There was a relationship between dental caries and carbohydrates intake among preschool-aged children in the rural and urban area of the city of Cimahi, Indonesia.