bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Understanding Water Loss—It's Free
Authors: Lafrance David
Published: February 2018

Understanding why water is lost from a water system is central to operating a well‐managed utility. Although water loss has always been important, it does not always get the focused attention it should. At a very basic level, paying attention to water loss is now more critical than ever. As our infrastructure continues to age, it is inevitable that more and more water will be lost through breaks and leaks.
Fracking: Boon or Ruin
Authors: McGuire Michael J.
Published: February 2018

There seems to be no middle ground in the hydraulic fracturing debate ‐ that's fracking to you media‐savvy readers. Here are some sample headlines ‐ Water Scarcity Concerns Grow From Use of Fracking; Scientists: Fracking Wastewater Poses Threat To Drinking Water; and my personal favorite, Fracking Advocates Allegedly Get Homeless People To Pose As Shale Supporters. And who hasn't seen the YouTube video of the guy lighting his kitchen tap on fire (1.3 million views). On the other side, the oil and gas industry points out that we have actually been fracking for many decades and that there have not been the widespread problems that its opponents fear or claim.
Framing Water's Value and the Public's Perception
Authors: Lafrance David
Published: February 2018

Finally! Guidance, a framework, on how to communicate the value of water in a way that its true value can be appreciated and the general public can understand. Melanie Goetz is a marketer who is vested in the water industry; in her breakthrough book, Communicating Water's Value: Talking Points, Tips & Strategies, she provides game‐changing insights about how water professionals can communicate water's value to its ultimate stakeholder ‐ the customers. Every water professional needs to read this book.
New York Section Hits the Century Mark
Authors: Cavalcoli Mona
Published: February 2018

In 1914, in an effort to further local communication and knowledge sharing, AWWA changed its constitution to allow for the formation of local sections. At a meeting held in the Manhattan Hotel in New York City Jan. 20, 1914, the New York Section became the first of what would eventually be 43 North American sections.
Many Voices, One Association, Immeasureable Impact
Authors: Lafrance David
Published: February 2018

On Jan. 4, 2011 Congress enacted the Reduction of Lead in Drinking Water Act (RLDWA) as an amendment to the Safe Drinking Water Act. For those less familiar with this act, it requires that meters, pipes, fittings, fixtures, and so forth must be lead‐free as defined by the act (i.e., no more than 0.25% lead at the wetted surface of the component). The requirements came into effect Jan. 4, 2014. In 2013 we proved that the water sector can successfully assemble and petition the government for a redress of public policy. This outcome and the process used to assemble as part of an association is an excellent illustration of the value of membership in AWWA.
United in Orange and Walking on Water
Authors: Lafrance David
Published: February 2018

As the modern‐day gladiators took to the field in Rutherford, N.J., for Super Bowl XLVIII, emotions were high ‐ and water demand was plummeting. LaFrance provides us with a quarter‐by‐quarter analysis of Denver's water demand during the Super Bowl.
A New Process for High‐Recovery, Low‐Energy RO Treatment
Authors: Stover Richard L.
Published: February 2018

Water scarcity affects 2.8 billion people globally. Industry is responsible for nearly 60% of freshwater withdrawals in the United States and in other developed countries. This puts tremendous pressure on water resources, which will only increase with growth. First commercialized in the 1970s, reverse osmosis (RO) is widely applied today to purify water supplies and treat wastewater. Traditional RO systems create excess brine waste, do not use water supplies efficiently, and consume significant amounts of energy. However, a new process is emerging that promises to improve nearly every aspect of RO performance. It is called closed‐circuit desalination.
Community Engineering Corps—Creating Hope for the Future
Authors: Lafrance David
Published: February 2018

Have you ever felt a desire to help save your world, but not known how to start? What if I told you that you could be part of a team that would help one community at a time here in the United States? What if there were many teams ‐ more than just yours ‐ working in many locations? If you are just starting out in your career and these teams provided hands‐on career‐building opportunities, would these be useful to you? If you are a seasoned professional looking to give back and to help younger generations grow professionally, would these opportunities be fulfilling for you? If all of this could happen, would you feel like you helped to save your world? These were the questions that led to the creation of the Community Engineering Corps?, a new and powerful alliance among AWWA, Engineers Without Borders‐USA, and the American Society of Civil Engineers.
Sustainability: Tradition and Future for Utilities
Authors: Lane Cynthia
Published: February 2018

The author discusses her career beginning in AWWA's Washington, D.C., office focusing on a variety of issues including climate change, energy management, and sustainability. Fresh out of eight years in the consulting world, and somewhat new to the policy and political arena, she was tossed into a whole new world. These would prove to be some of the most challenging, interesting, and rewarding times of her career in the water sector.
The Conservation Conversation Continues
Authors: McGuire Michael J.
Published: February 2018

Today, water conservation is an integral part of most utilities' existence. This issue of Journal AWWA focuses on conservation and explores some of the new territory that we inhabit. In the current atmosphere, a water utility manager knows that water conservation has to be considered in long‐ and short‐term planning. What a difference a few decades make.
Getting Outside Our Boxes and Silos
Authors: McGuire Michael J.
Published: February 2018

Those of us who are children of the '60s remember well the drinking water regulatory binge of the 1980s and 1990s. Now, things are comparatively quiet on the regulatory front at the national level. True, many water utilities are still struggling to catch up with the avalanche of water regulations from the late 1990s. When a new drinking water regulation is adopted, a lot of money is spent and impacts abound. New regulations at the national level are relatively rare these days, with perchlorate perhaps being an upcoming exception.
Broadening Our Horizons
Authors: McGuire Michael J.
Published: February 2018

We celebrated part of our international theme earlier this year with the reboot of our Water Worldwide column, which was written by Paul Reiter, in April and Roger Patrick's article about global water supply problems in March. The future water supply situation is dire in many countries, and, in some the crisis is now. Patrick made one point especially clear: We are currently engaged in an international trade of “virtual water” even today. Several articles this month represent many facets of the international efforts taking place. You will notice that expanded summaries for peer‐reviewed articles are now a single page. It became clear that an expanded summary of two pages was too long when what we are really trying to do is encourage the interested reader to peruse the full article online.
Want a Warm Glow? Help Solve the Equation!
Authors: LaFrance David
Published: February 2018

In light of the need to solve today's water challenges, AWWA has taken steps to improve its philanthropic efforts. The strategic effort is called The Water Equation, and it uses AWWA's tried‐and‐true formula of Knowledge + Sharing = Transformation. Through The Water Equation, AWWA seeks to transform water's future with the world's largest portfolio of scholarship funds for water education, improved students' and young professionals' access to water knowledge, and increased local and global outreach.
Fitting Into the Franchise: Texts, World Building, and the Possibilities of Creative Expansion
Authors: Garcia Antero
Published: February 2018

This forum reviews high‐interest young adult literature and adult texts. Exploring both print‐based and multimodal works, this column considers all kinds of texts that are encountered by contemporary readers, considering how the texts challenge and are challenged by readers.
Portable out‐of‐hospital electrocardiography: A review of current technologies
Authors: Bansal Agam , Joshi Rajnish
Published: February 2018

Background

Availability of portable and home‐based electrocardiography (ECG) is an important medical innovation, which has a potential to transform medical care. We performed this review to understand the current state of out‐of‐hospital portable ECG technologies with respect to their scope, ease of use, data transmission capabilities, and diagnostic accuracy.

Methods

We conducted PubMed and Internet searches for “handheld” or “wearable” or “patch” electrocardiography devices to enlist available technologies. We also searched PubMed with names of individual devices to obtain additional citations. We classified available devices as a “single limb lead ECG recording devices” and chest‐lead “ECG recording devices.” If a device used more than three electrodes, it was defined as a conventional electrocardiography or Holter machine and was excluded from this review.

Results

We identified a total of 15 devices. Overall, only six of these devices (five single lead and one chest lead) featured in published medical literature as identified from PubMed search. A total of 13 citations were available for the single limb lead ECG recording devices and 6 citations for the chest‐lead ECG recording devices.

Conclusions

Despite the increase in number of such devices, published biomedical literature regarding their diagnostic accuracy, reproducibility, or utility is scant.
Studies on Micellar Behavior of PEO‐PBO or PEO‐PBO‐PEO Copolymers, or Surface Active Amphiphilic Ionic Liquids in Aqueous Media and Exploration of the Micellar Solutions for Solubilization of Dexamethasone and its Delayed Release
Authors: Sastry Nandhibatla V. , Singh Dipak K. , Trivedi Pooja A.
Published: February 2018

The aggregation behavior of a di‐ and tri‐block copolymers of type PEO‐PBO, PEO‐PBO‐PEO, surface‐active ionic liquid (SAIL) of type 4‐dodecyl‐4‐methylmorpholinium chloride [C12mmor][Cl], and 1‐dodecyl‐1‐methylpyrrolidinium chloride [C12mpyrr][Cl]) in water as well as in 10 mM of a poorly water soluble dexamethasone (dex) aqueous solution was studied by determining the critical micelle concentrations using drug solubilization, surface tension, and isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) methods. ITC measurements were also made on solutions prepared by mixing the micellar aqueous solutions of copolymers and simple aqueous solutions of SAIL across the mole fractions at three different temperatures (298.15, 308.15, and 318.15 K). The thermodynamic parameters, namely Gibbs free energy (ΔGm), enthalpy (ΔHm), and entropy (ΔSm), of micellization were calculated, and it was observed that the negative ΔGm and positive ΔSm for the mixture solutions increase with the increase in mole fraction of SAIL. Otherwise, the micellization is reported to be a spontaneous and highly entropy‐driven process. The dex‐solubilized micellar solutions were mixed with agar to obtain standing gels. The gel samples were dry‐cast into thin films, and the release of dex from films by simple dilution was monitored by UV measurements. The drug release data was fitted to several mechanistic models, and it was inferred that the release mechanism for dex from thin films is non‐Fickian for mixtures and Fickian in copolymer or SAIL micellar aqueous solutions. The transport of dex is diffusion‐controlled with diffusivities of 5.8–12 × 10−11 m2 s−1 for copolymer micelles, 5–11 × 10−11 m2 s−1 for micelles of SAIL, and 3–14 × 10−11 m2 s−1 for the mixed micelles of copolymer and SAIL in aqueous media.
The use of computer disks and optical character readers in scientific publishing
Authors: Skaer R.J.
Published: February 2018

The Company of Biologists Ltd own, print and publish three major biological journals. Since 1983, we have concentrated on introducing ‘automatic’ methods for journal production. Word processor disks now accompany 89% of articles submitted to The Journal of Experimental Biology. By the use of disk translation software and Optical Character Readers, 76% of these articles are now processed automatically.

Over the past few years, the availability of computer disks, however, has required substantial changes in editorial and subediting practices to make it economically worthwhile to use the disks submitted. Optical character recognition is a very useful fallback technique when non–standard disks are submitted, but does require absolutely clean copy. Typesetting is still essential for tables, mathematics and papers that have been substantially altered editorially or are on non–standard disks with a poor quality printout.

The economics of the use of disks is briefly discussed together with the overall package of changes needed to make it viable.

Inevitably the experience that we have gained will be biased by the scientific nature of the work being set; many other fields would be softer options for the use of disks or other automatic production methods.
First catch your indexer*
Authors: Adkins Lesley , Adkins Roy
Published: February 2018

Indexes are essential for many learned publications, yet often overlooked because those responsible for the publications do not realize the value of an index or know how to commission one. This article provides basic guidelines for coping with indexes.
Coping with change: the editorial process
Authors: Ziemacki Richard L.
Published: February 2018

Considers the effects of current economic changes in publishing on the editorial processing of journals, with regard to which aspects of the editorial processes are affected; the effects of the vast quantity of material seeking publication; the meeting of editorial costs; and the possible speeding up of the process.
Writing medical papers: a practitioner’s view
Authors: Hart F. Dudley
Published: February 2018

Considers the numbers of specialist medical papers published; checks on their accuracy; motives for writing and for selection for publication; and suggests guidelines for writers of papers.
Publishing in China
Authors: Hu Yeping , Li Qiuping
Published: February 2018

Describes the features of publishing houses in China since the recent change of economic and international policy.
Medical writing: should you add to it?
Authors: Scott J. T.
Published: February 2018

Suggests some reasons for the growth in the number of medical papers published, and some disadvantages arising from it.
Ultra‐Performance Liquid Chromatography‐Mass Spectrometry Analysis of Free and Esterified Oxygenated Derivatives from Docosahexaenoic Acid in Rat Brain
Authors: Jouvène Charlotte , Fourmaux Baptiste , Géloën Alain , Balas Laurence , Durand Thierry , Lagarde Michel , Létisse Marion , Guichardant Michel
Published: February 2018

Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), a prominent long‐chain fatty acid of the omega‐3 family, is present at high amount in brain tissues, especially in membrane phospholipids. This polyunsaturated fatty acid is the precursor of various oxygenated lipid mediators involved in diverse physiological and pathophysiological processes. Characterization of DHA‐oxygenated metabolites is therefore crucial for better understanding the biological roles of DHA. In this study, we identified and measured, by ultrahigh‐performance liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry, a number of oxygenated products derived from DHA in exsanguinated and nonexsanguinated brains. These metabolites were found both in free form and esterified in phospholipids. Interestingly, both (R)‐ and (S)‐monohydroxylated fatty acid stereoisomers were observed free and esterified in phospholipids. Monohydroxylated metabolites were the main derivatives; however, measurable amounts of dihydroxylated products such as protectin DX were detected. Moreover, exsanguination allowed discriminating brain oxygenated metabolites from those generated in blood. These results obtained in healthy rats allowed an overview on the brain oxygenated metabolism of DHA, which deserves further research in pathophysiological conditions, especially in neurodegenerative diseases.
Quantitative, clinically relevant acoustic measurements of focal embouchure dystonia
Authors: Morris Aimee E. , Norris Scott A. , Perlmutter Joel S. , Mink Jonathan W.
Published: February 2018

Background: Focal embouchure dystonia impairs orofacial motor control in wind musicians and causes professional disability. A paucity of quantitative measures or rating scales impedes the objective assessment of treatment efficacy.

Objectives: We quantified specific features of focal embouchure dystonia using acoustic measures and developed a metric to assess severity across multiple domains of symptomatic impairment.

Methods: We recruited 9 brass musicians with and 6 without embouchure dystonia. The following 4 domains of symptomatic dysfunction in focal embouchure dystonia were identified: pitch inaccuracy, sound instability and tremor, sound breaks, and timing variability. Musicians performed sustained tones and sequences, and then acoustic variables within each domain were quantified. A composite brass acoustic severity score composed of these variables was validated against clinical global impressions of severity.

Results: Musicians with dystonia performed worse in acoustic domains of pitch inaccuracy (median: dystonia = 100%, control = 62%), instability (median shimmer: dystonia = 3%, control = 2%), and breaks (median: dystonia = 0.34%, control = 0.05%). Tremor in embouchure dystonia was 5 to 8 Hz, intermittent, and variable in amplitude. Rhythmic variability did not differ between groups. Participants with embouchure dystonia had different patterns of impairment across variables. Composite severity scores strongly predicted clinical global impression of severity (R2 = 0.95).

Conclusions: Acoustic variables distinguish musicians with embouchure dystonia from controls and reflect different types of symptomatic impairments. Our composite acoustic severity score predicts severity of clinical global impression for musicians with different patterns of symptomatic impairment and may provide a foundation for developing a clinical rating scale. © 2018 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
Getting your SEO ready for AI: Artificial intelligence and search engine optimization
Authors: Talarico Donna
Published: February 2018

Artificial intelligence is changing the way people look for things online. Devices like Amazon Echo and Google Home, as well as Siri, who has for a long time now been searching on behalf of smartphone users, are also changing the way marketers approach search engine optimization.
Dispersion of multiwalled carbon nanotubes in waterborne polyurethane emulsions derived from alcoholysis products of waste PET and its effect on properties
Authors: Fang Changqing , Yang Rong
Published: February 2018

Composite emulsions of waterborne polyurethane (WPU) with multiwalled carbon nanotube (MWCNTs) have been synthesized successfully. Waterborne polyurethane emulsions were synthesized from the alcoholysis products of waste poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET). Carbon nanotubes were treated with concentrated acid, to have better compatibility in waterborne polyurethane. Thermal properties show that the introduction of carbon nanotubes enhances the thermal stability of WPU matrix. However, a further increment of the content of MWCNTs from 0.3 to 0.5% causes a reduction. When the content of MWCNTs increases from 0.5% to 2%, the thermal stability of waterborne polyurethane samples enhances, which is related to the steric hindrance effect of MWCNTs. The dispersion of MWCNTs is the best for waterborne polyurethane with 0.3% MWCNTs. X‐ray diffraction tests show the introduction of MWCNTs does not change the crystallographic structure of the WPU matrix. Visual examination, TEM images, and UV/Vis absorption spectrum prove that partial carbon nanotubes have been dispersed homogenously in the waterborne polyurethane matrix. The dispersion of MWCNTs is the worst for waterborne polyurethane sample with 2% MWCNTs in three samples. Water absorption tests show that carbon nanotubes can decrease the water absorption. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 58:2149–2155, 2018. © 2018 Society of Plastics Engineers
The gut‐brain connection: the developing science of the microbiome
Authors: Bindemann Neil , Ali Saqib
Published: February 2018

Our commentaries from the Primary Care Neurology Society (P‐CNS) provide a primary care perspective on the neurology articles in Progress. Here Dr Bindemann and Dr Ali consider ‘Psychobiotics: bacterial hope for depression’ (see page 9).
Cladribine tablets and multiple sclerosis: NICE technology appraisal
Authors: Gaber Tarek , Shippen Clare
Published: February 2018

Cladribine is the first disease modifying treatment (DMT) for relapsing remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) that progressed straight to a positive final recommendation in the NICE appraisal process. The final recommendations were published in December 2017.1 An agreement between NHS England and Merck, the manufacturer of cladribine (Mavenclad), will allow MS patients who are suffering from highly active or rapidly evolving RRMS to access the drug. Here, the authors discuss the clinical and economic considerations for cladribine usage.
Memantine‐induced bradycardia – a rare adverse reaction
Authors: Mousailidis Georgios , Bhan‐Kotwal Shafalica , Lazzari Carlo , Shoka Ahmed
Published: February 2018

Behavioural and psychological symptoms of dementia, such as aggression or agitation are very frequent in Alzheimer's disease with most guidelines recommending memantine as first‐line pharmacological treatment. Here, the authors describe a patient who developed bradycardia when prescribed memantine and the subsequent changes required to her medication management to avoid further cardiac adverse reactions.
Serotonin syndrome in asymptomatic Huntington's disease
Authors: Haffenden Verity , Patel Anish
Published: February 2018

Serotonin syndrome is a rare and serious condition most often resulting from iatrogenic insult; the prescriber's pen is sometimes the most poisonous. Here, Dr Haffenden and Dr Patel discuss a complex case of serotonin syndrome in a patient with genetically proven, but not yet symptomatic, Huntington's disease and chronic renal impairment. A screening process is proposed to recognise the multitude of precipitating factors, which aligned in this case, and could either alter our prescribing or expedite recognition.
Phase Separation in AgCu and AgNi Core–Shell Icosahedral Nanoparticles: A Harmonic Thermodynamics Study
Authors: Bonventre Daniele , Panizon Emanuele , Ferrando Riccardo
Published: February 2018

The temperature dependence of equilibrium chemical ordering in Ag‐rich AgCu and AgNi icosahedral nanoalloys is numerically studied within the harmonic superposition approximation to the partition function. The nanoalloys are modeled by an atomistic force field derived from the second‐moment approximation to the tight‐binding model. It is found that the equilibrium chemical ordering consists of phase‐separated arrangements of the core–shell type, at least up to room temperature for AgCu and up to 600 K for AgNi. This result is rationalized in terms of the concept of preferred nucleation sites for phase separation, such as the central site in the icosahedron.
Can pharmacists promote self‐care using digital technology?
Authors: Cork Tania , Sanzeri David , Chambers Ruth , Chambers Chris
Published: February 2018

Health professionals are increasingly making use of digital technology such as healthcare apps to improve patient outcomes. Here, the authors discuss the findings of their discovery project to investigate whether community pharmacists can successfully promote patient self‐care using the Simple Florence text messaging system (Flo) and the Manage Your Health (MYH) app.
Diagnosis and management of Parkinson's disease in adults
Authors: Chaplin Steve
Published: February 2018

In July 2017, NICE updated its 2006 guideline on Parkinson's disease in adults, with major revisions to its recommendations on pharmacological and non‐pharmacological management of motor and non‐motor symptoms. This article provides a summary of the new guidance.
Choice of function spaces for thermodynamic variables in mixed finite‐element methods
Authors: Melvin Thomas , Benacchio Tommaso , Thuburn John , Cotter Colin
Published: February 2018

We study the dispersion properties of three choices for the buoyancy space in a mixed finite‐element discretization of geophysical fluid flow equations. The problem is analogous to that of the staggering of the buoyancy variable in finite‐difference discretizations. Discrete dispersion relations of the two‐dimensional linear gravity wave equations are computed. By comparison with the analytical result, the best choice for the buoyancy space basis functions is found to be the horizontally discontinuous, vertically continuous option. This is also the space used for the vertical component of the velocity. At lowest polynomial order, this arrangement mirrors the Charney–Phillips vertical staggering known to have good dispersion properties in finite‐difference models. A fully discontinuous space for the buoyancy corresponding to the Lorenz finite‐difference staggering at lowest order gives zero phase velocity for high vertical wavenumber modes. A fully continuous space, the natural choice for scalar variables in a mixed finite‐element framework, with degrees of freedom of buoyancy and vertical velocity horizontally staggered at lowest order, is found to entail zero phase velocity modes at the large horizontal wavenumber end of the spectrum. Corroborating the theoretical insights, numerical results obtained on gravity wave propagation with fully continuous buoyancy highlight the presence of a computational mode in the poorly resolved part of the spectrum that fails to propagate horizontally. The spurious signal is not removed in test runs with higher‐order polynomial basis functions. Runs at higher order also highlight additional oscillations, an issue that is shown to be mitigated by partial mass‐lumping. In light of the findings and with a view to coupling the dynamical core to physical parametrizations that often force near the horizontal grid scale, the use of the fully continuous space should be avoided in favour of the horizontally discontinuous, vertically continuous space.
Surface‐Oxidation‐Controlled Synthesis of Blue Fluorescence Wavelength‐Tunable Mini‐Size Carbon Nitride Nanosheet and Its Application
Authors: Zhang Qianchen , Zhang Shiyu , Liu Jinhua , Zhu Jixin , Zhang Chengwu , Ni Yun , Gao Yongqian , Yu Haidong , Li Lin , Huang Wei
Published: February 2018

Developing highly efficient, stable, and saturated blue emitting polymer is essential in display and lighting applications and has long been a challenge. In this study, blue fluorescence wavelength‐tunable mini‐size carbon nitride nanosheets (MCNNSs) are successfully synthesized via surface oxidation polyethyleneimine (PEI) without introducing any external solvent. A simple closed container is constructed at high temperature for the controlled oxidation of PEI effectivelly. The obataind fluorescence quantum yields (QYs) of MCNNSs are up to 35% by using quinine sulfate (QY: 54%) in 0.10 M H2SO4 as a reference. More importantly, the tunable width of blue fluorescence emission wavelengths is about 50 nm ranging from 414 to 461 nm, which can be realized through change temperature. Additionally, an obvious blue fluorescence is found in PEI solutions at low temperature even at 50 oC under UV riddiation. According to surface oxidation of PEI, the MCNNSs have been applied in fluorescence image of HeLa cell. Meantime, a paper‐based new information encryption strategy is developed using MCNNSs, and a correct code “2017” is visualized only after baking the encryption paper at 100 oC under 365 nm excitation. These investigations will shed light on the use of MCNNSs in bioimaging and information encryption, as well as blue light materials used in OLED.
Effectively reach transfer‐student market with mobile strategy, transparency around credit
Authors: Sutton Halley
Published: February 2018

PHOENIX — More than half of higher education administrators anticipate an increase in the enrollment of transfer students at their institution, according to data from University Business. Is your institution prepared to differentiate itself in the transfer‐student marketplace and, more importantly, adequately handle transfer‐student credits when students arrive on your campus?
The top 5 sections of the FERPA regulations: Understand legitimate educational interest
Authors: Rainsberger Richard
Published: February 2018

All of 34 CFR §99.31 is about disclosures. And those disclosures are related to transmitting education record information to individuals or organizations without the student's written consent. It's that simple.
Find creative workarounds to implement competency‐based education
Authors: Sutton Halley
Published: February 2018

SAN DIEGO — Competency‐based education is a huge buzzword in higher education right now, but say it to a prospective student, and does he understand what that means in a practical sense? And how do you move from the idea of CBE to an implementation that works for your students and has meaning for your local industry? That was the first hurdle tackled by Eric Heiser, SLCC site says he's dean of the School of Applied Technology and Technical Specialties at Salt Lake Community College, when overhauling the flight technology program to be a CBE‐focused channel for delivering skilled workers into the Utah economy more quickly.
Retain adult learners with structure, personalized approach
Authors: Hope Joan
Published: February 2018

What factors contribute to persistence in an online, noncredit, rolling admission program? J. David Tate explained what strategies work for the Certificate of Christian Foundation program at Baylor University's George W. Truett Theological Seminary at a session at the Online Learning Consortium Accelerate conference.
Good service supports student success
Authors: Hope Joan
Published: February 2018

“Serve the student right the first time because students make payday possible,” Karen Lee Murphy tells her staff members.
The learning environment and resident burnout: a national study
Authors: Van Vendeloo Stefan N. , Prins David J. , Verheyen Cees C. P. M. , Prins Jelle T. , Van den Heijkant Fleur , Van der Heijden Frank M.M. A. , Brand Paul L. P.
Published: February 2018

Introduction Concerns exist about the negative impact of burnout on the professional and personal lives of residents. It is suggested that the origins of burnout among residents are rooted in the learning environment. We aimed to evaluate the association between the learning environment and burnout in a national sample of Dutch residents.

Methods We conducted a cross-sectional online survey among all Dutch residents in September 2015. We measured the learning environment using the three domain scores on content, organization, and atmosphere from the Scan of Postgraduate Educational Environment Domains (SPEED) and burnout using the Dutch version of the Maslach Burnout Inventory (UBOS-C).

Results Of 1,231 responding residents (33 specialties), 185 (15.0%) met criteria for burnout. After adjusting for demographic (age, gender and marital status) and work-related factors (year of training, type of teaching hospital and type of specialty), we found a consistent inverse association between SPEED scores and the risk of burnout (aOR 0.54, 95% CI 0.46 to 0.62, p < 0.001).

Discussion We found a strong and consistent inverse association between the perceived quality of the learning environment and burnout among residents. This suggests that the learning environment is of key importance in preventing resident burnout.
We don't dare to tell her … we don't know where to begin
Authors: DeSilva Mary Bachman , Penwill Nicole , Sabin Lora , Gifford Allen L. , Li Zhong , Fujie Zhang , Weiwei Mu , Yongzhen Li , Hongyan Lu , Xuemei Zeng , Barnoon Yiyao , Gill Christopher J. , Bonawitz Rachael
Published: February 2018

Background and Objectives:

With increasing access to antiretroviral therapy, HIV-infected youth are living longer, but are vulnerable as they navigate the transition to adulthood while managing a highly stigmatized condition. Knowing one's HIV status is critical to assuming responsibility for one's health. The process of disclosure to adolescents living with HIV is not well understood globally, even less so in China. To help address this gap, we explored practices for disclosure to adolescents living with HIV (ALHIV) among Chinese caregivers and clinicians, and the disclosure experiences of the adolescents themselves using qualitative methods.

Design and Setting:

The study was conducted in 2014 at the Guangxi Center for Disease Control and Prevention ART (CDC-ART) clinic in Nanning, China. We used a qualitative design, incorporating in-depth interviews (IDIs) and focus group discussions (FGDs).

Patients and Methods:

We conducted IDIs with 19 adolescent/caregiver dyads and five FGDs with adolescents and clinicians. Adolescent participants were aged 10–15 years, and had contracted HIV perinatally. Using NVivo™ software, we summarized major themes.

Results:

Only 6/19 caregivers reported disclosing to their child; matched adolescents’ statements indicate that 9/19 children knew their HIV status. Caregivers planned to disclose when children were 14 years or older. Concerns about stigma toward children and families were associated with reluctance to disclose.

Conclusion:

Disclosure to adolescents living with HIV in China was delayed compared with recommended guidelines. Culturally appropriate disclosure strategies should be developed, focused on supporting caregivers and de-stigmatizing HIV.
Safety, Tolerability, and Effectiveness of Dextromethorphan/Quinidine for Pseudobulbar Affect Among Study Participants With Traumatic Brain Injury: Results From the PRISM‐II Open Label Study
Authors: Hammond Flora M. , Sauve William , Ledon Fred , Davis Charles , Formella Andrea E.
Published: February 2018

Background

Dextromethorphan 20 mg / quinidine 10 mg (DM/Q) was approved to treat pseudobulbar affect (PBA) based on phase 3 trials conducted in participants with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis or multiple sclerosis. PRISM II evaluated DM/Q effectiveness, safety, and tolerability for PBA following stroke, dementia, or traumatic brain injury (TBI).

Objective

To report results from the TBI cohort of PRISM II, including a TBI‐specific functional scale.

Design

Open‐label trial evaluating twice‐daily DM/Q over 90 days.

Study Participants

Adults (n = 120) with a clinical diagnosis of PBA secondary to nonpenetrating TBI; stable psychiatric medications were allowed.

Methods

PRISM II was an open‐label, 12‐week trial enrolling adults with PBA secondary to dementia, stroke, or TBI (NCT01799941). All study participants received DM/Q 20/10 mg twice daily. Study visits occurred at baseline and at day 30 and day 90.

Setting

150 U.S. centers.

Main Outcome Measurements

Primary endpoint was change in Center for Neurologic Study–Lability Scale (CNS‐LS) score from baseline to day 90. Secondary outcomes included PBA episode count, Clinical and Patient Global Impression of Change (CGI‐C; PGI‐C), Quality of Life–Visual Analog Scale (QOL‐VAS), treatment satisfaction, Neurobehavioral Functioning Inventory (NFI), Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ‐9), and Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE).

Results

DM/Q‐treated participants showed significant mean (SD) reductions in CNS‐LS from baseline (day 30, –5.6 [5.2]; day 90, –8.5 [5.2]; both, P<.001). Compared with baseline, PBA episodes were reduced by 61.3% and 78.5% at days 30 and 90 (both, P<.001). At day 90, 78% and 73% of study participants had “much improved” or “very much improved” on the CGI‐C and PGI‐C. QOL‐VAS scores were significantly reduced from baseline (–3.7 [3.3], P<.001). Mean (SD) PHQ‐9 scores improved compared to baseline at day 30 (–3.2 [5.3], P<.001) and 90 (–5.2 [6.4], P<.001). NFI T scores were significantly improved (P<.001), whereas MMSE scores were unchanged. Adverse events (AEs) were consistent with the known DM/Q safety profile; the most common AE was diarrhea (8.3%).

Conclusions

DM/Q was well tolerated, and it significantly reduced PBA episodes in study participants with TBI. Changes in CNS‐LS and PBA episode count were similar to changes with DM/Q in phase 3 trials.

Level of Evidence

II
The real mission of the mission statement: A systematic review of the literature
Authors: Alegre Inés , Berbegal-Mirabent Jasmina , Guerrero Adrián , Mas-Machuca Marta
Published: February 2018

A mission statement is a widely used strategic tool that emphasises an organisation’s uniqueness and identity. It was in the early 1980s that academics, managers, and consultants recognised the need for explicitly formulating a mission statement in organisations. Since then, mission statements have remained as a popular strategic tool in organisations. This article conducts a systematic literature review to synthesise research on mission statements. The analysis of the 53 articles selected includes a bibliometric and content analysis. According to their perspective, the works selected were grouped into four thematic areas: (1) mission statement development, (2) mission statement components, (3) mission impact on employees, and (4) mission impact on performance. The overreaching conclusion is that mission statements are widely used in practice but poorly researched in theory. Most articles adopt a managerial phenomenon-based strand, lacking a deep theoretical foundation. The article ends with suggestions for further research in terms of theory, practice, and methodology.
TRAGIC CONTAMINATIO AND POLLUTED SACRIFICE IN SENECA'S OEDIPUS
Authors: DeBrohun Jeri Blair
Published: February 2018

It has long been noticed that in his Oedipus, Seneca diverges conspicuously from his primary model, Sophocles’ Oedipus Tyrannus (OT), in a number of aspects. Prominent among these is an expansive, two-part ritual sequence at the play's center, comprising a prodigy-filled yet spectacularly unsuccessful sacrifice and extispicium followed by a more successful, if no less terrifying, necromancy to raise the slain Laius. This article concentrates on the sacrifice and extispicium (Sen. Oed. 288-402). I argue that in this episode Seneca has employed tragic contaminatio (the weaving into one play of significant elements from two or more different source plays) and allusion to produce an exceptionally innovative scene that is a remarkable display of the Roman playwright's ingenuity. For while Sophocles’ OT remains an active intertext, Seneca has also imported elements from Euripides’ Phoenissae. His primary model for the passage, moreover, is actually to be found in a different Sophoclean Theban play, Antigone. Specifically, Seneca has reworked and elaborated upon the climactic reversal scene between Creon and Tiresias in Antigone (998-1114), in which the seer reports on the corruption of the prophetic rites he has just performed and identifies Creon as the cause of the pollution, both for his continued refusal to allow the burial of the fallen Polyneices and for his entombment of the living Antigone.
HERCVLES FVRENS AND THE SENECAN SUBLIME
Authors: Littlewood Cedric A.J.
Published: February 2018

In the first throes of madness Seneca's Hercules declares, ‘I shall be borne aloft to the world's high spaces’ (in alta mundi spatia sublimis ferar, HF 958). To Amphitryon these are the unspeakable thoughts of a mind that is hardly sane, but nevertheless great (pectoris sani parum, / magni tamen, 974f.). For Gilbert Lawall, writing the first essay in the 1983 collection of Ramus essays on Senecan tragedy, the fundamental question of the play is the moral quality of its hero, who in his madness becomes a ‘caricature of his real self’. John Fitch, writing just a few years later, argued for a continuity of characterization between the hero of the labours and the murderer of his family. My own essay is concerned less with the morality of Hercules’ character and actions than with the poetics of sublime aspiration and the imagery of grand literary endeavour. Seneca's conception of sublime poetry, as embodied in the figure of tragic Hercules, I discuss through his reception of Lucretius, Virgil, and Horace. The ambivalence Fitch and others have observed in this tragedy of Herculean overreaching I interpret first in the light of a plurality of literary models of transgressive poetics. Juno and the chorus both see violence and danger in the figure of Hercules, but yet do not see the same figure. This difference is located to some degree in the different genres and particular texts which define their perspectives. The Hercules who makes war on the heavens and commits the drama's primary action is very much the creation of Juno and the tragic energies of famous programmatic passages of Aeneid 1 and 7. Lyric offers an alternative conception of sky-towering fame. In the latter part of the article I consider the Lucretian paradigm of heroic rebellion against tradition and Hercules’ failure to break the pattern of Junonian madness. Finally I reflect on the tensions of the Georgics—ars and labor holding ingenium and furor in fragile balance—and see them overwhelmed in the civil war which Hercules Furens, a more powerful Orpheus, wages with himself.
Eighteenth Century English in Nova Scotia
Authors: Scargill M. H.
Published: February 2018

The Original Minutes of His Majesty’s Council at Annapolis Royal, 1720–1739 show some interesting examples of English. As is to be expected, the English used corresponds closely with late seventeenth and early eighteenth century British English and with American English of New England records or the same periods. The British English documents ‘with which these Minutes have most in common are the Wentworth Papers, 1705-1739 and the Verney Letters, 1696-1717.
Phoneme Distribution and Functional Yield
Authors: Clair-Sobell James St.
Published: February 2018

It is well known that to make a satisfactory description of the sound system of a language it is necessary to go beyond the enumeration and characteristics of the various phonemes used in the phonological system of the language. This implies, among other things, determination of the positions in the word in which the phonemes may or may not occur and the amount of use made, or functional yield, of the phonemes.
The Implication of Tape Recording in the Field of Dialect Geography
Authors: Wilson Rex
Published: February 2018

Since the close of the Second World War a number of efficient and relatively inexpensive light-weight electrical recording machines using cheap plastic tape have come onto the market. It is rather surprising that dialect geographers have not used these machines to a greater extent in the field, for limited field experience indicates that dialect investigators can expect to benefit greatly when the potentialities of these machines are properly exploited.
A Comment on “Interpretations of the English Suprasegmentals”
Authors: Scargill M. H.
Published: February 2018

We are pleased that our earlier article, “Pitch and Stress As Phonemes: Analysis or Synthesis”, has produced such a spirited reply. Unfortunately, the happy conditions of proximity at the 1958 Summer School of Linguistics in Alberta which produced that article do not now exist and Professor Drysdale, Professor Mackey, and I are now so far apart in actual miles that collaboration is almost impossible. This comment is the result, then, of my own thinking: and Professor Drysdale and Professor Mackey are not aware that it has been written and, obviously, are not required to support it.

My colleagues from Toronto will agree that the greater part of their article is not an answer to the questions which we raised, but is a discussion of a further problem, the nature of plus juncture. This is relevant to our article only in the sense that it shows the danger of making ultra-positivist statements about the English suprasegmentals, the very thing that inspired our article.
Vowel Contrasts in a Saskatchewan English Dialect
Authors: Lehn Walter
Published: February 2018

Although generalizations about Canadian versus American or British English are still premature, the series of articles by Avis, Gregg, et al seems to suggest two: (1) that Canadian English “is neither American nor British, but a complex different in many respects from both…;” and (2) that “Canadian English is not so uniform as it is often made out to be”. This article is a brief contribution to the above-mentioned series and presents some evidence in support of both-assertions.

The primary source of the data on which this study is based is the writer’s idiolect. Geographically this can be identified as Central Saskatchewan, specifically the rural area surrounding the village of Herschel which lies about twenty miles west of Rosetown, and about one hundred miles southwest of Saskatoon.
Tape Recording in Dialect Geography A Cautionary Note
Authors: McDavid Raven I.
Published: February 2018

Rex Wilson has clearly demonstrated that tape recording is a useful technical aid for dialect field interviews, such as those for the Linguistic Atlas. In his own work, Wilson obviously and properly handles the tape as a tool, not as a substitute for the fieldworker. Nevertheless, since the New World too often assumes that the development of a gadget automatically solves a problem, one may justifiably emphasize a few of the pitfalls for the investigator who uses the tape uncritically — and this while being in substantial agreement with Wilson's position.

It is important, however, that such skepticism be not the skepticism of inexperience, which is too often evident in criticisms of tape recordings
Notes on The Pronunciation of Canadian English as Spoken in Vancouver, B.C.
Authors: Gregg R. J.
Published: February 2018

1. In the studies of Canadian English which have appeared up to date, emphasis has largely been placed been on the social-historical factors which account for the distribution of different groups of English-speaking settlers. This work, of course, provides an indispensable basis for further linguistic investigations, and equally useful are the lexical distributions that have been studied. In the phonological field, however, there is an urgent need for more material based on first-hand phonetic observation.

2. The present article sets out to analyse phonetically the English spoken in the Vancouver area, specifically among the younger generation. Some fifty local students, ranging in age from sixteen to twenty-two, have co-operated in this exploratory analysis during the last two years, and the detailed investigation of their speech has been supplemented and checked by further investigation outside the group.
Quelques Aspects Peu Studies Étudiés Du Francais Canadien
Authors: Tougas Gérard
Published: February 2018

Depuis 1893, date à laquelle James Geddes, professeur à l'Université de Boston, se mit à étudier les parlers populaires du Canada français, de nombreux enquêteurs l'ont suivi dans cette voie. En revanche, nous ne connaissons aucune étude détaillée sur la langue des classes instruites. Or, il suffit d'une pratique limitée de l'élite canadienne française pour s'apercevoir que sa langue, du seul point de vue de la prononciation, est loin d'être uniforme. Charles Bruneau, qui qualifie la langue des Canadiens cultivés “d'impeccable” ne fait que laisser le problème entier. Puisque l'auditeur attentif peut déceler chez l'élite canadienne une gamme considérable d'accents, il s'ensuit qu'on ne trouve pas encore au Canada français, comme en France, une norme qui soit considérée comme la marque de l'homme instruit. Il semble toutefois que l'influence exercée par la radio, la télévision et certaines sociétés comme la Société du Bon Parler nous permette d'entrevoir quelle sera, au Canada, la langue parlée de demain.