bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Study of the fillers influence on the organosilicon polymers resistance to high temperatures
Authors: Pakhomova Victoria , Povalchuk Sviatoslav
Published: October 2022

Organosilicon varnishes, such as polymethylphenylsiloxane and polyaluminomethylphenylsiloxane, filled with modified clay minerals are the object of research The most vulnerable place of the organosilicon coating is insufficient mechanical properties (hardness, impact strength, etc.) and low adhesive strength of the film to the surface, especially when operating at elevated temperatures. Various oxides, ceramic compounds, natural and synthetic silicate materials are introduced into organosilicon compositions to improve the specified properties. But only individual units can comprehensively improve both the mechanical and heat-resistant properties of organosilicon compounds although the range of such materials is quite wide.
The clay minerals palygorskite, which is classified as an intermediate type between strip and layered silicates, and montmorillonite from the subclass of layered silicates, which have a natural high dispersion, were used as fillers during the study.
The choice of palygorskite and montmorillonite is explained by the sufficient study of their behavior in organic environments by a number of scientists, availability and economic advantages for introduction into production. Existing clay minerals, which are traditionally used to solve the problem of improving the physical and mechanical properties of organosilicon coatings, are not sufficiently active due to the hydrophilic properties of the particles surface. Based on this, a modifier that has proven itself well in this field was used for the study.
A number of compositions of heat-resistant organosilicon varnishes with modified fillers based on the above-mentioned clay minerals were obtained. It was established that the introduction of modified forms of natural aluminosilicates contributes to the increase of temperature resistance in filled coatings, compared to coatings made of pure polymer. At the same time, the best effect is achieved when using montmorillonite. This is related with the fact that the proposed compositions of polymethylphenylsiloxane varnish and montmorillonite have a number of features, in particular, the highest comprehensive result of simultaneous improvement of the physical, mechanical and thermal properties of the specified coatings.
It is possible to obtain compositions with stable physico-mechanical properties, as they withstood heat treatment at 400 °C for 100 hours without visible changes in integrity, due to the introduction of the optimal amount of modified montmorillonite into organosilicon varnishes KO-08K and KO-921. Compared to similar heat-resistant polymethylphenylsiloxane varnishes, longer service life at elevated temperatures is ensured.
Study of adsorption of phosphate ions from aqueous solutions
Authors: Obushenko Tetiana , Tolstopalova Nataliia , Sanginova Olga , Kostenko Evgeniy , Bolielyi Oleksandr , Kurylenko Viktor
Published: October 2022

The object of research in this work is model aqueous solutions containing phosphate ions. Phosphorus is an essential nutrient for all life forms and determines the trophic state of freshwater ecosystems. The existing problem is that when excessive phosphorus enters water bodies, it causes their eutrophication, and, as a result, the accumulation of biotoxins, deterioration of water quality, death of aquatic organisms, etc. Phosphorus comes to surface water from domestic wastewater containing phosphates as components of synthetic detergents, photoreagents and water softeners. A significant contribution is made by the washout of phosphate fertilizers and pesticides from agricultural land, and runoff from livestock farms and industrial enterprises. Among the methods of wastewater treatment from phosphates, a special place is occupied by sorption. An analysis of modern scientific publications on this topic shows that the search for new effective sorbents obtained using resource-saving technologies is an important scientific and practical problem.
The work was aimed precisely at the search for such sorbents. Iron is known to have a high affinity for phosphate. Therefore, the paper proposes to use the sediments of groundwater iron removal stations as a sorbent. These sludges are produced in significant quantities and create significant environmental problems.
The sorption of iron-containing sorbent, which is a waste of iron removal stations with respect to phosphate ions, has been studied. It has been established that this sorbent is effective for extracting phosphate ions from water with an adsorption capacity of 72.67 mg/g. The sorption process is quite accurately described by the pseudo-second order sorption kinetic equation (determination coefficient R2=0.9737). The rate constant of the sorption process was calculated to be 3.8·10–4 g/mg PO43–·min1/2. The use of the proposed sorbent will allow solving two environmental issues: replenishment of the list of cheap effective sorbents for removing phosphates and utilization of sludge from iron removal stations.
NONLINEAR REGRESSION MODELS FOR ESTIMATING THE DURATION OF SOFTWARE DEVELOPMENT IN JAVA FOR PC BASED ON THE 2021 ISBSG DATA
Authors: Prykhodko S. B. , Pukhalevych A. V. , Prykhodko K. S. , Makarova L. M.
Published: October 2022

Context. The problem of estimating the duration of software development in Java for personal computers (PC) is important because, first, failed duration estimating is often the main contributor to failed software projects, second, Java is a popular language, and, third, a personal computer is a widespread multi-purpose computer. The object of the study is the process of estimating the duration of software development in Java for PC. The subject of the study is the nonlinear regression models to estimate the duration of software development in Java for PC.

Objective. The goal of the work is to build nonlinear regression models for estimating the duration of software development in Java for PC based on the normalizing transformations and deleting outliers in data to increase the confidence of the estimation in comparison to the ISBSG model for the PC platform.

Method. The models, confidence, and prediction intervals of nonlinear regressions to estimate the duration of software development in Java for PC are constructed based on the normalizing transformations for non-Gaussian data with the help of appropriate techniques. The techniques to build the models, confidence, and prediction intervals of nonlinear regressions are based on normalizing transformations. Also, we apply outlier removal for model construction. In general, the above leads to a reduction of the mean magnitude of relative error, the widths of the confidence, and prediction intervals in comparison to nonlinear models constructed without outlier removal application in the model construction process.

Results. A comparison of the model based on the decimal logarithm transformation with the nonlinear regression models based on the Johnson (for the SB family) and Box-Cox transformations as both univariate and bivariate ones has been performed.

Conclusions. The nonlinear regression model to estimate the duration of software development in Java for PC is constructed based on the decimal logarithm transformation. This model, in comparison with other nonlinear regression models, has smaller widths of the confidence and prediction intervals for effort values that are bigger than 900 person-hours. The prospects for further research may include the application of bivariate normalizing transformations and data sets to construct the nonlinear regression models for estimating the duration of software development in other languages for PC and other platforms, for example, mainframe.
SYNTHESIS OF AN ALGORITHM FOR CONTROL OF A TRANSPORT CONVEYOR
Authors: Pihnastyi O. M. , Ivanovska O. V.
Published: October 2022

Context. The problem of optimal control of the flow parameters of a transport system of a conveyor type in the presence of stepwise regulation of the speed of the conveyor section belt is considered. The object of the study is the analytical model of the transport conveyor, which was used as a foundation for the synthesis of optimal control algorithms for the flow parameters of the transport conveyor. The purpose of the work is to develop methods for designing systems for optimal control of the flow parameters of a transport conveyor, taking into account the transport delay with stepwise regulation of the flow parameters of the transport system.

Method. An analytical model of the conveyor section has been developed, taking into account the stepwise regulation of the values of the flow parameters of the transport system. When building a model of a conveyor section to determine the dependencies between the flow parameters of the transport system, equations in partial derivatives are written. For the synthesis of algorithms for optimal control of the speed of the conveyor section belt, a control quality criterion is introduced. Using the Pontryagin maximum principle, the problem of optimal control of the flow parameters of the conveyor section is posed. For the transport system, the Hamilton function is written, which takes into account the criterion of control quality, imposed restrictions and differential relationships between the system parameters. A technique for synthesizing an algorithm for optimal control of the speed of a conveyor section belt is demonstrated. The conditions for switching the speed of the conveyor belt are determined.

Results. The developed model of the conveyor section is used to synthesize an algorithm for optimal control of the flow parameters of the transport system with stepwise switching of belt speed modes.

Conclusions. A technique for synthesizing algorithms for optimal control of the flow parameters of a transport system with stepwise regulation of the speed of the belt of a conveyor section has been developed. The obtained algorithms can be used to reduce the specific energy costs for material transportation at mining enterprises.
As funções dos levitas: Análise exegética de Nm 3,5-10
Authors: Fernandes Leonardo Agostini , Galhardo Filipe
Published: October 2022

O presente artigo propõe um estudo centrado em Nm 3,5-10 a partir do texto hebraico, preservado no Texto Massorético Leningradense. Para tanto, a análise foi realizada em etapas: Tradução segmentada, crítica textual, delimitação, estrutura, gênero literário e breve comentário. Do ponto de vista metodológico, foram aplicadas e seguidas as abordagens tanto do tipo diacrônicas como sincrônicas. O estudo busca mostrar a importante relação entre a tribo sacerdotal, mediadora das relações, focada em Aarão e nos seus filhos, com os levitas e o inteiro povo que foi liberto e consagrado a YHWH (Ex 19,5-6). Enquanto Nm 3,1-4 serve de prólogo, Nm 3,11-13 é a base teológica do preceito litúrgico exposto em Nm 3,5-10. Pela macro e micro contextualização literária (respectivamente Nm 1,1–4,49 e Nm 3,1-51), bem como pela identificação formal do texto, foi possível perceber a relevância atribuída na discriminação das funções sacerdotais que serviram para corroborar a construção da hierarquia sacerdotal.
Santo, monstro e viajante: Mito e imagem na hagiografia de São Cristóvão
Authors: De Figueiredo Cavalheri Guilherme
Published: October 2022

Neste artigo, discuto aspectos relacionados à origem, transmissão e relações culturais em torno da figura de São Cristóvão. O santo, cujo culto é conhecido desde o final da Antiguidade Tardia no cristianismo oriental, é representado em sua hagiografia grega como um soldado cinocéfalo, que se converte ao cristianismo e é martirizado. Para compreender a importância de um santo com tais características, é preciso analisar dois elementos importantes da cultura tardo antiga e medieval: o lugar que monstros e seres estranhos possuem na religião, e em como o imaginário cristão se vale de tradições religiosas já sedimentadas na cultura para compor sua própria percepção e modos de uso daquilo que é identificado como estranho e bizarro. O estudo, portanto, se divide em três pontos. No primeiro apresento o papel dos monstros na cultura. Em seguida, analiso a cinocefalia como fenômeno cultural da Antiguidade Tardia e o modo como as narrativas cristãs abordaram o assunto. Por fim, realizo uma análise das hagiografias e imagens de São Cristóvão, buscando compreender o lugar desse santo na piedade popular e, sobretudo, sobre quais heranças culturais sua imagem é construída.
Os remonstrantes na encruzilhada: caminhos e descaminhos na Holanda seiscentista
Authors: Couto Vinicius
Published: October 2022

O presente artigo é um ensaio historiográfico predominantemente descritivo dos caminhos e/ou descaminhos tomados pelo Sínodo de Dort na Holanda seiscentista. O texto, no entanto, também segue trechos analíticos, especialmente no que tange à cultura visual, averiguando os elementos iconográficos e iconológicos de alguns panfletos e emblemas da época. O texto se inicia com uma abordagem narrativa do Sínodo de Dort, oferecendo as razões pelas quais ele precisava ocorrer, as causas de suas postergações e analisando o golpe de estado promovido pelo Stadholder, Maurício de Nassau; em seguida, o ensaio descreve e analisa os três caminhos deliberados pelo Sínodo para com os remonstrantes, lidando com algumas narrativas literárias e visuais da época, que em tons mesclados de sátira e polemismo, intentavam pulverizar notícias religiosas e políticas; finalmente, o texto se ocupa de investigar um quarto caminho proposto pelos remonstrantes que se exilaram, o qual deu origem, posteriormente, à Irmandade Remonstrante e colaborou com a tolerância religiosa.
National Hospital Ambulatory Medical Care Survey: 2020 Emergency Department Summary Tables
Authors: Cairns Christopher , Kang Kai
Published: October 2022

These tables provide the most current nationally representative data on ambulatory care visits to hospital emergency departments in the United States. Estimates are presented on selected hospital, patient, and visit characteristics using data collected in the 2020 National Hospital Ambulatory Medical Care Survey.
Розробка доступної технології створення 3D комп'ютерних моделей на основі фотограмметрії. Частина II.
Authors: Котлик С. В. , Романюк О. Н. , Соколова О. П. , Котлик Д. В.
Published: October 2022

У першій частині цієї статті [1] наведено огляд існуючих технологій 3D друку, розглянуто найбільш поширену технологію FDM, показано сферу застосування цієї технології, зроблено висновок про перспективність досліджень у цьому напрямку, освячені питаня сканування фізичних об'єктів, сформульовано покрокову технологію побутової фотограмметрії для отримання 3D моделей. У другий частині цієї статті наведено порівняльний аналіз застосування програм для цілей фотограмметрії, обгрунтований вибір додатку  RealityCapture для подальшого використання. Показано експериментальні дослідження розробленої технології фотограмметрії в побутових умовах, наведено найбільш пристосовані характеристики обладнання та параметри налаштування застосовуваних програм, показано докладний приклад складання моделі за цією технологією та особливості друку її на 3D  принтері за технологією FDM.
Thoughts of The Little Brown Girl
Authors: V. Sritharan Durga
Published: October 2022

In this poem, the author highlights the internal struggles of racial and ethnic discrimination, including the feeling of guilt and the art of code-switching. The author is a Sri Lankan-American woman, who has witnessed and experienced discrimination and wonders if her feelings of confusion are valid, as her parents, who immigrated to the United States, changed her life trajectory before she was born. She writes this poem to emphasize that pursuing the American Dream can still lead to continuous race- and ethnicity-focused challenges and accounts of proving one’s worth. Her reflection inspired this poem upon growing up in a predominantly white area and her growing passion for research and education surrounding race and ethnicity.
Escondido
Authors: Ortega Guadalupe
Published: October 2022

The following piece, “Escondido”, came as a reflection after partaking in the 2022 Lavender Languages Institute after reading the article titled: The Complexity of the “x” in Latinx: How Latinx/a/o Students Relate to, Identify with, and Understand the Term Latinx (Salinas, 2020). I self-identify as Latinx and throughout the week at the 2022 Lavender Languages Institute, I reflected on what Latinx meant to me. My initial understanding of Latinx was that the term would allow me to express my non-binary gender identity and be more inclusive of gender divergence. I also learned about Latin* and how it unsettled superficial understanding of Latinx, and I realized the X meant more than showcasing gender inclusivity. To me, the X meant embracing my hometown situated in the San Diego-Tijuana borderlands. Escondido translates to “hidden” in Spanish and my hometown is often called the Hidden Valley. The X meant embracing the hidden quality of my home and the borderlands community as well as empowering me to no longer hide.
Delegitimizing Race: The Role of Color-evasive Ideologies and HESA Professionals
Authors: Vega Blanca Elizabeth
Published: October 2022

This case study examined how eight higher education and student affairs (HESA) professionals’ racial ideologies functioned in their understanding of racial conflict. Findings revealed that participants aided in delegitimizing students’ perceptions of racial conflict based on their campuses’ compositional diversity, history of racial conflict, and available diversity initiatives. HESA professionals viewed these areas through color-evasive frames that allowed them to acknowledge that racial conflict exists while simultaneously minimizing students’ experiences with racial conflict. Recommendations for HESA professionals center on reframing racial conflict to address student concerns.
Estimativa da resistência à tração nas madeiras de dez espécies de eucalipto em função de parâmetros anatômicos e da densidade aparente
Authors: Marini Lucas José , Cavalheiro Raquel Schmitt , Araujo Victor Almeida de , Lahr Francisco Antonio Rocco , Christoforo André Luis
Published: October 2022

RESUMO A caracterização dos elementos construtivos é um conhecimento essencial para garantir a estabilidade e resistência estrutural de qualquer construção. A resistência dos materiais é uma predição efetiva prescrita por normas técnicas, as quais delimitam comportamentos resistivos em diferentes condições. As propriedades físico-mecânicas da madeira permitem a aplicação racional desse biorrecurso em projetos estruturais. Porém, testes para determinar as propriedades mecânicas requerem equipamentos de grande porte e mão-de-obra capacitada, requerimentos os quais são encontrados em poucas instituições e centros de pesquisa específicos. Uma alternativa para entender as propriedades da madeira pode ser estabelecida pela microscopia e modelos de regressão. O presente artigo objetivou demonstrar a viabilidade de estimar as propriedades mecânicas da madeira de Eucalyptus em função de suas características anatômicas e da densidade aparente. Dez lotes de diferentes espécies de eucalipto foram selecionados para prever a tração paralela às fibras, tensão perpendicular às fibras e o módulo de elasticidade na tração paralela às fibras, bem como três diferentes parâmetros anatômicos (fibras, vasos e raios) das amostras de madeira de acordo com duas normas técnicas brasileiras. Na prática, os modelos de regressão propostos foram excelentes, pois os valores de R2 foram iguais a 90,55, 86,55 e 67,95% para estimar Et0, ft0 e ft90, respectivamente.
INSUBORDINAÇÕES CRÍTICAS DA INTELECTUALIDADE NEGRA BRASILEIRA: UM OLHAR A PARTIR DA ATUAÇÃO DO NEABI/CPII
Authors: Coutinho Gabriela dos Santos , Oliveira Talita de , Arruda Dyego de Oliveira
Published: October 2022

Partindo de uma perspectiva negra decolonial (GOMES, 2020), este artigo tem como objetivo discutir os caminhos trilhados pelo Núcleo de Estudos Afro-Brasileiros e Indígenas do Colégio Pedro II (NEABI/CPII), no Rio de Janeiro, na (re)produção de práticas e conhecimentos emancipatórios e antirracistas. Em termos metodológicos, a pesquisa foi estruturada com base nas narrativas de quatro intelectuais negros/as comprometidos/as com a educação antirracista, que participaram ativamente do processo de criação do NEABI/CPII, em 2013, e que tiveram reconhecido protagonismo na constituição de práticas calcadas na (re)educação para as relações étnico-raciais e no combate ao racismo. Em suma, percebemos que a intelectualidade negra que compõe o NEABI/CPII situa-se em posição de insubordinação em relação às práticas típicas da colonialidade na (re)produção do conhecimento, com atuações que se desdobram em quatro dimensões: político-institucional, político-epistemológica, político-identitária e político-pedagógica. Entendemos que essas dimensões, que se articulam entre si, são cruciais para a constituição de espaços educativos que sejam mais democráticos, racialmente diversos e politicamente posicionados no combate às desigualdades.
Finite-element modelling of RC beams with carbon FRP strengthened web openings
Authors: Elansary Ahmed A. , Abd El Salam Hadeer H. , Abdalla Hany A.
Published: October 2022

Web openings are commonly used in reinforced concrete (RC) beams to accommodate pipes, ducts, and utilities. The expected reduction in strength can be compensated by locally strengthening the beam opening with carbon fibre-reinforced polymer (CFRP). In this paper, a robust non-linear finite-element model (FEM) is developed to simulate the behavior of RC beams with/without openings. The model can simulate the strengthening of the beam opening with CFRP sheets. The developed FEM is validated using seven simply supported RC beams that were previously tested under monotonic two concentrated loads. The crack pattern and load-deflection relationship, from the FEM, were compared to those obtained from the experiments. The developed FEM was utilised to conduct a parametric study on 32 beams to investigate the behavior of RC beams with CFRP strengthened openings. The parametric study showed that the opening width did not significantly affect the load at failure. However, both the opening depth and distance from support had a clear effect on the failure load. Increasing the stirrups diameter from 8 to 10 mm increased the shear capacity of RC beams by 3–16%. The failure loads obtained from the proposed FEM were compared to those obtained from international design codes.
Cuidado familiar en la vejez: campo de investigación en las ciencias sociales mexicanas
Authors: López Lara Rocío , Castro Vásquez María del Carmen
Published: October 2022

Resumen: Objetivo. Analizar la construcción del cuidado familiar en la vejez como campo de investigación interdisciplinar dentro de las ciencias sociales en México. Metodología. Se realizó una revisión narrativa de la producción científica nacional sobre el tema de los cuidados familiares proporcionados a personas mayores, publicada en revistas indizadas en ocho bases de datos. Resultados y conclusiones. Se seleccionaron y analizaron 61 artículos publicados entre 1999 y 2021. Se identificó que los estudios feministas sobre el trabajo doméstico y las investigaciones sociodemográficas sobre apoyo social contribuyeron a la construcción teórica del cuidado como práctica social asociada a la dependencia por edad o enfermedad y en cuya distribución social actúan los sistemas de género, de parentesco y de edad. La investigación social nacional sobre el tema ha mostrado características de las trayectorias de cuidados familiares, sus fines y dimensiones, las dinámicas del cuidado transnacional y las expresiones de la desigualdad de géneroy clase en la provisión de cuidados a personas mayores. Además, se identificaron cuatro áreas de estudio de escaso desarrollo en el país: la investigación sociológica sobre el poder en las relaciones de cuidados, la necesidad universal de cuidados producto de la vulnerabilidad intrínseca del ser humano, los costos económicos del cuidado en la vejez, y el estudio de las prácticas de cuidados y autocuidados en el marco de vejeces saludables.
Abordaje sistémico de la violencia en pareja: procesos de cambio y adaptación
Authors: Rodríguez Castro Andrés Felipe , Acevedo Suárez Julieth Paola , López Rodríguez Claudia Johana
Published: October 2022

Resumen: Objetivo. Comprender y movilizar procesos de adaptación y cambio en parejas que presentaban dinámicas de relación configuradas como violentas, desde la reflexividad en articulación con la terapia narrativa. Metodología. La investigación intervención tiene un corte de tipo cualitativo. Se  desarrolló a través de un estudio de caso múltiple en la ciudad de Bogotá (Colombia), con dos parejas mayores de edad, a partir de unos escenarios narrativos conversacionales propuestos. El proceso de análisis de resultados se llevó a cabo a través de categorías deductivas de tipo semántico desdeel paradigma de las ciencias de la complejidad, en un orden sistémico. Resultados y Conclusiones. Por un lado, se reconoce un anclaje entre los conceptos adaptación y cambio, esto desde una posibilidad dialógica, recursiva y simultánea, en donde las dinámicas generadoras de violencia limitaban en las parejas la emergencia de novedades, los recursos de evolución y los procesos de bienestar. Por otro lado, la articulación simultánea de la reflexividad y la terapia narrativa, permitió escenarios de reflexión como reinvención identitaria de los sistemas participantes. Finalmente, se reconoce la identidad de lapareja como un proceso posibilitador de novedades adaptativas.
Desenlaces tempranos en amputación mayor de pacientes con enfermedad arterial periférica de miembros inferiores. Estudio en un hospital de referencia en Medellín, Colombia
Authors: Acero-Murillo Cristhian Fabian , Rosales-Parra Nicolas Dayam , Uribe-Munera José Andrés , Rosales-Parra Miguel Ángel , Timarán-Rodríguez René Fernando
Published: October 2022

Introducción: la amputación mayor es una herramienta relevante en grados avanzados de la enfermedad arterial periférica (EAP) y tiene tasas importantes de morbimortalidad. Aun siendo un procedimiento que se realiza frecuentemente en Colombia, no se dispone de estadísticas locales sobre su frecuencia y resultados.
Objetivos: analizar la morbimortalidad en los pacientes con EAP de miembros inferiores durante los 30 días siguientes a la amputación mayor o durante la hospitalización índice. Determinar los factores relacionados con el desenlace y caracterizar la población.
Métodos: estudio retrospectivo de pacientes con EAP de miembros inferiores que fueron llevados a amputación mayor por isquemia aguda (IA) o isquemia crónica que amenaza la extremidad (ICAE), entre marzo del 2011 y diciembre del 2019 en el Hospital Universitario San Vicente Fundación de Medellín, Colombia (HUSVF). Se calcularon las variables relacionadas con la enfermedad de base y morbilidad perioperatoria en un análisis general y por grupos, de acuerdo con el nivel de amputación.
Resultados: se realizaron 558 amputaciones mayores, 83,5 % por ICAE. La mortalidad global fue del 14,7 %, del 32,6 % en la IA y del 11,2 % en la ICAE. La complicación más frecuente fue el delirium (28,8 %). Tras el análisis multivariado no hubo factores influyentes en el desenlace fatal, salvo las complicaciones cardiovasculares en la IA.
Conclusiones: en este estudio la única variable relacionada con la mortalidad temprana fueron las complicaciones cardiovasculares en pacientes con IA. Los porcentajes de cardiopatía son menores respecto a los reportados en estudios de otros países. La complicación más frecuente fue el delirium.
Percepción directa: Detectando las propiedades relacionales permanentes en los patrones de estimulación cambiantes
Authors: Covarrubias Pablo
Published: October 2022

La teoría ecológica de Gibson se caracteriza por reconocer que la percepción es directa. En el presente trabajo se abordan algunos de los postulados principales de dicha teoría, que permiten comprender que la percepción es un proceso no mediado. Para Gibson, el estudio de la percepción implica: que el individuo y el ambiente mantienen una relación de reciprocidad; que los patrones de estimulación llevan información dado que, en virtud de leyes físicas, especifican su fuente en el ambiente; que la percepción es indisociable de la acción, ya que los estímulos para la percepción son intrínsecos y dependientes de la actividad del organismo; y que las invariantes en las transformaciones de los patrones de estimulación pueden ser de alto orden y corresponderse con propiedades del ambiente igualmente de alto orden. Se aborda la noción de invariabilidad en la combinación de estímulos y cómo su detección podría extenderse al estudio de fenómenos en el condicionamiento operante.
¿Puede el enfoque ecológico proponer alternativas al problema del estatus causal mediador de las representaciones neurales y mentales? Comentario a Burgos
Authors: Covarrubias Pablo
Published: October 2022

En mi comentario al artículo target de Burgos se aborda el problema del estatus causal de las representaciones neurales y mentales. Se indaga qué tanto la noción propuesta por Gibson de que los centros del sistema nervioso, incluido el cerebro, resuenan a la información invariante del ambiente pudiera extenderse para abordar este problema.
Percepción directa. Respuesta a los comentarios de Burgos y Roca
Authors: Covarrubias Pablo
Published: October 2022

Este artículo de respuesta tiene el propósito de atender a los comentarios de Burgos y de Roca a mi artículo target en este monográfico. Al revisar algunos cuestionamientos hechos por Fodor y Pylyshyn (1981) a la noción de percepción directa, se delinea uno de los supuestos principales de las teorías cognitivistas tradicionales —i.e., la percepción está basada en inferencias— y se proponen alternativas desde el enfoque ecológico a estos cuestionamientos. Se revisan algunas limitaciones del concepto de información, el cual es central en el enfoque ecológico, y se mencionan los alcances que ha tenido el programa ecológico en otros campos de estudio, otras disciplinas y en la psicología. Finalmente, se reflexiona sobre la relación entre la sensibilidad a las contingencias de reforzamiento y la detección de invariantes.
Algunas reflexiones ulteriores
Authors: Burgos José E.
Published: October 2022

Desafortunadamente, los comentarios de Covarrubias y Roca perdieron por igual el punto central de mi artículo target, a saber, lo fútil de discusiones sobre el objeto de estudio propio de la psicología. Sus comentarios solo rodearon el planteamiento, sin comentarlo directamente. En estas reflexiones ulteriores, reitero y elaboro en mayor detalle algunos de los aspectos de ese punto. Específicamente, respecto al comentario de Covarrubias, reflexiono sobre algunas aparentes confusiones ontológicas sobre propiedades y representaciones mentales, aclarando que no son lo mismo. También, aclaro que el representacionalismo es compatible con la neurociencia cognitiva, la teoría de la identidad, el conexionismo e inclusive el enfoque ecologista gibsoniano. Pero, termino rechazando el representacionalismo por conceptualmente obscuro y, con ello, todo debate sobre representaciones como ininteligible. En su lugar, como ejemplo del tipo de conexionismo eliminativo que investigo, muestro una simulación de aprendizaje de contingencias con un modelo de redes neurales que no postula representaciones, procesamiento de información o siquiera mediación causal interna. Respecto al comentario de Roca, señalo su empecinamiento en acusar a la psicología mentalista de dualista, reiterando las razones por las cuales esta acusación es patentemente falsa. También identifico varias falacias en su argumento en contra de los modelos de redes neurales. En especial, como lo anticipé en mis reflexiones sobre el comentario de Covarrubias, ningún modelo computacional requiere la postulación de mediación causal mecánica.
Otros dos melodramas: Comentario a Roca
Authors: Burgos José E.
Published: October 2022

El artículo target de Roca ejemplifica claramente el melodrama sobre la búsqueda obsesiva del objeto propio de la psicología, criticado en mi artículo target, en estrecha relación con otros dos, a saber: 1. ¿Es la psicología una ciencia? 2. Si lo es, ¿es natural? En su artículo de él, Roca realiza tal búsqueda bajo el bastión kantoriano, mostrando muchos de los excesos y vicios que señalé en mi artículo, así como otros que aprovecho para comentar en este comentario. El melodrama sobre el carácter científico de la psicología surge de una escasa cultura filosófica elemental que subestima en gran medida la complejidad del problema de la demarcación entre ciencia y pseudociencia, ignorando que ha sido ampliamente abandonado en la filosofía de la ciencia como insoluble. Igualmente simplistas son sus disquisiciones sobre la naturalidad de la psicología como ciencia, que ignoran por completo importantes desarrollos en el naturalismo. Como parte de sus invocaciones conceptuales, el autor persiste en afirmar falsamente que la psicología cognitiva es dualista, m cuando esto es lógicamente imposible ya que concibe los particulares mentales como internos y causales, ambas características ausentes de la mente según cualquier forma de dualismo de sustancias, por totalmente carente de espacialidad. Además, el acuerdo general entre los mentalistas es que la categoría ontológica de los particulares mentales es ocurrencia, no sustancia, otra fuerte razón para declarar al mentalismo inocente de cualquier forma de dualismo de sustancia, razón que permite, precisamente, concepciones más inteligibles de la causalidad mental.
Comentario al escrito de Pablo Covarrubias
Authors: Roca i Balasch Josep
Published: October 2022

En este comentario al escrito de P. Covarrubias destaco mi interés temprano por la psicología ecológica liderada por J. J. Gibson y centrada, básicamente, en el tema de la percepción. Luego, los supuestos de la psicología cognitiva, la idea de percepción directa, el concepto de invariancia, que relaciono con el de constancia en la psicología de la percepción tradicional. Critico, también, la teoría de ‘Extracción de la información’ y me centro, finalmente, en el tema del condicionamiento temporal y la constancia perceptiva temporal, para decir que ambos son funcionalmente el mismo fenómeno asociativo, con distinta finalidad ajustativa y a un primer nivel de concreción.
Neurodiversity, Networks, and Narratives: Exploring Intimacy and Expressive Freedom in the Time of Covid‐19
Authors: Betts Kerri , Creechan Louise , Cawkwell Rosemarie , Finn‐Kelcey Isabelle , Griffin C. J. , Hagopian Alice , Hartley David , Manalili Marie Adrienne R. , Murkumbi Inika , O’Donoghue Sarinah , Shanahan Cassandra , Stenning Anna , Zisk Alyssa Hillary
Published: October 2022

The Narratives of Neurodiversity Network (NNN) is a neurodivergent academic, creative, and educator collective that came together with allies during the Covid‐19 pandemic to create a network centred around emerging narratives about neuro-diversity and exploring new ways of learning and socialising. The network focuses on exploring the roles of written, spoken, and visual narratives across cultural locations about neuro‐atypical experiences in generating improved agency and self‐advocacy for those who have been subject to pathologization through neuro‐normativity and intersecting oppression. During the last year, widening access to digital platforms has provided a space to explore these issues outside of traditional academic spaces. We run a monthly “Salon,” our mixed‐media “reading, listening, and watching” group, in an effort to find positive representation within contemporary culture. Discussions have moved beyond mimesis and into a consideration of how narrative and storyworlds can question the supposed naturalness of certain ways of being in and perceiving the world. This article interrogates the network’s core principles of nonhierarchical co‐production, including the roles of creativity, community, identity, and emancipatory research which were animated by the new techno‐social context. We consider the cultural lives of neurodiversity in the West and beyond, including ethical and aesthetic dimensions. We share a faith in the power of storytelling to inform new social identities for neurodivergent people and to inform scientific understandings of atypical cognition. In exploring this, we speak through a porous first‐person plural narrator, to unsettle the idea that there is a hegemonic “we” speaking on behalf of all neurodivergent people.
Influencers and the Metaverse: A Dialogical Communication Review on Metafluence
Authors: ULAŞ Sevilay , ALKAN Zeynep
Published: October 2022

Metaverse is a common online community where physical reality increases and at the same time merges with virtual reality. Metafluence is a platform where influencers can provide their life practices, interact with their followers, buy digital artworks (NFTs) or to influence their followers to purchase.
In this study, it is aimed to reveal what kind of a dialogue is established on the basis of the content in the Metafluence environment. Accordingly, the Metafluence web page is evaluated in terms of dialogical communication within the scope of qualitative research method using the case study research design. The dialogic analysis in the study is based on the criterias included in Kent and Taylor's (1998) article named "Building Dialogic Relationships Through the World Wide Web", as well as Kent et al.'s (2003) article named “The relationship between Web site design and organizational responsiveness to stakeholders”. The dialogic levels of the metafluence platform were examined within the framework of the six dialogic principles of dialogic communication. In conclusion, the metaflunce platform appears as a site in dialogical communication, and it can be said that virtual reality videos with avatars related to the concept of metaverse also support the interface design.
The nature of the mule
Authors: Du Plessis Paul
Published: October 2022

This paper is concerned with the emergence of the concept of imperitia (lack of skill) as a form of culpa (fault) in the context of the Roman contract of letting and hiring. After revisiting the state of the debate, this paper focuses on one of the many different contexts in which lack of skill is discussed in Roman juristic thought, namely the mule driver. The central question posed by this article is why mule drivers were deemed in law to be “skilled” workers and how this assessment fits into the Roman jurists’ assessment of lack of skill as a form of fault.
Comparación entre el tribuno de la plebe y el defensor civitatis. A propósito de la prisión preventiva
Authors: Trisciuoglio Andrea
Published: October 2022

Entre las instituciones surgidas en defensa de los ciudadanos frente a los abusos de los poderes públicos, se mencionan con frecuencia, en relación con la experiencia jurídica romana, el tribuno de la plebe (para la época republicana) y el defensor civitatis (para el imperio tardío). No es raro considerarlas como antecedentes históricos de las figuras modernas del ombudsman y del defensor del pueblo. Sin embargo, más allá de la función común, existen diferencias significativas entre las dos instituciones romanas. El artículo examina estas diferencias en relación con las intervenciones de ambos en defensa de la libertad personal del ciudadano en la fase anterior al proceso, cuando se ordena la prisión preventiva del llamado a juicio.
Pactum de Retrovendendo y su escaso tratamiento en las fuentes
Authors: Varela Gil Carlos
Published: October 2022

Resulta paradójico que el pactum de retrovendendo (utilizado a lo largo de los siglos como garantía crediticia) haya tenido un escaso tratamiento en las fuentes, a pesar de que Roma careció de un crédito territorial y de un sistema hipotecario tan sólidos como los modernos. Partiendo de esta aparente contradicción, el presente trabajo pretende abordar el alcance y efectos del pactum de retrovendendo con el objetivo de poder explicar las causas de su limitada utilización en Roma.
Regional Characteristics of Observable Foreshocks
Authors: Wetzler Nadav , Brodsky Emily E. , Chaves Esteban J. , Goebel Thomas , Lay Thorne
Published: October 2022

Measures of foreshock occurrence are systematically examined using earthquake catalogs for eight regions (Italy, southern California, northern California, Costa Rica, Onshore Japan, Alaska, Turkey, and Greece) after imposing a magnitude ≥3.0 completeness level. Foreshocks are identified using three approaches: a magnitude-dependent space + fixed-time windowing method, a nearest-neighbor clustering method, and a modified magnitude-dependent space + variable-time windowing method. The method with fixed-time windows systematically yields higher counts of foreshocks than the other two clustering methods. We find similar counts of foreshocks across the three methods when the magnitude aperture is equalized by including only earthquakes in the magnitude range M*−2≤ M< M*, in which M* is the mainshock magnitude. For most of the catalogs (excluding Italy and southern California), the measured b-values of the foreshocks of all region-specific mainshocks are lower by 0.1–0.2 than b-values of respective aftershocks. Allowing for variable-time windows results in relatively high probabilities of having at least one foreshock in Italy (∼43%–56%), compared to other regional catalogs. Foreshock probabilities decrease to 14%–41% for regions such as Turkey, Greece, and Costa Rica. Similar trends are found when requiring at least five foreshocks in a sequence to be considered. Estimates of foreshock probabilities for each mainshock are method dependent; however, consistent regional trends exist regardless of method, with regions such as Italy and southern California producing more observable foreshocks than Turkey and Greece. Some regions with relatively high background seismicity have comparatively low probabilities of detectable foreshock activity when using methods that account for variable background, possibly due to depletion of near-failure fault conditions by background activity.
POSSIBILITY OF AUTOMATED ERGONOMIC EVALUATIONS IN VIRTUAL REALITY ENVIRONMENTS
Authors:   Brno University of Technology, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Institute of Production Machines, Systems and Robotics, Deptartment of Production Systems and Virtual Reality, Brno, Czech Republic, TUMA ZDENEK , KOTEK LUBOS ,   Brno University of Technology, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Institute of Production Machines, Systems and Robotics, Deptartment of Production Systems and Virtual Reality, Brno, Czech Republic, KROUPA JIRI ,   Brno University of Technology, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Institute of Production Machines, Systems and Robotics, Deptartment of Production Systems and Virtual Reality, Brno, Czech Republic, SUBRT KAMIL ,   Brno University of Technology, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Institute of Production Machines, Systems and Robotics, Deptartment of Production Systems and Virtual Reality, Brno, Czech Republic, BLECHA PETR ,   Brno University of Technology, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Institute of Production Machines, Systems and Robotics, Deptartment of Production Systems and Virtual Reality, Brno, Czech Republic, KOVAR JIRI ,   Brno University of Technology, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Institute of Production Machines, Systems and Robotics, Deptartment of Production Systems and Virtual Reality, Brno, Czech Republic, DADO MIROSLAV ,   Technical University in Zvolen, HEINRICH PETR ,   Kovosvit MAS Machine Tools, a.s., Sezimovo Usti
Published: October 2022

The aim of the present research was to create a method for detecting the position and motions of the wrist and fingers at work, to design and create an experimental device to measure and evaluate the training task. Therefore, the issue of finger motions was searched, and the evaluation method was proposed. The experimental device used an optical device for motion monitoring, the so-called Leap Motion, which exports the measured data to a virtual environment created in the Unity3D development environment. This environment enables to read the required partial turning of the individual elements of the hand using the script. The training task consisted of a simple assembly. The evaluation is presented in this article.
CAVITATION NOZZLES WITH EXPANSION CHAMBER
Authors:   Technical University of Kosice, Faculty of Manufacturing Technologies with a seat in Presov, Presov, Slovak Republic, PANDA ANTON , ANISIMOV VOLODYMYR MYKOLAJOVYCH ,   Ukrainian State University of Science and Technology, Dnipro, Ukraine, ANISIMOV VOLODYMYR VOLODYMYROVYCH ,   Ukrainian State University of Chemical Technology, Dnipro, Ukraine, PANDOVA IVETA ,   Technical University of Kosice, Faculty of Manufacturing Technologies with a seat in Presov, Presov, Slovak Republic, KLYMENKO ANTON ,   Ukrainian State University of Chemical Technology, Dnipro, Ukraine, ERMAKOV PETER ,   Ukrainian State University of Chemical Technology, Dnipro, Ukraine
Published: October 2022

An expansion chamber for narrow part of cavitation nozzles is developed. Designs of cavitation nozzles with expansion chamber based on cylindrical nozzle and Venturi nozzle are proposed. The results of calculations of the fluid flow in the presented nozzles show the areas in nozzle, where cavitation is generated, their number, form and power. The plot of volume fraction of vapor phase shows the causes of an increase in the intensity of cavitation in new nozzles with expansion chamber. The main of them is that due to introduction of the expansion chamber, a little area of cavitation generation in the narrow part of cavitation nozzle turns to large one, that causes significant increase in cavitation intensity. The results of comparative experimental studies, which confirm the superiority of cavitation nozzles with the expansion chamber over the basic ones, show that cavitation nozzle with expansion chamber can provide 3 times higher intensity of cavitation, than basic cylindrical nozzle. Also, cavitation nozzle with expansion chamber on the basis of Venturi nozzle can provide 1.5 times higher cavitation intensity, than basic Venturi nozzle.
MODEL FOR ASSESSING THE SAFETY INDEX OF CONSTRUCTIONS BASED ON HYDROXYAPATITE
Authors:   Sumy State University, Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine, CHERNOBROVCHENKO VADYM , PANDA ANTON ,   Technical University of Kosice, Faculty of Manufacturing Technologies with a seat in Presov, Slovak Republic, DYADYURA KOSTIANTYN ,   Odessа Polytechnic National University, Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine, VYSOTSKY IHOR ,   Sumy State University, Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine, PANDOVA IVETA ,   Technical University of Kosice, Faculty of Manufacturing Technologies with a seat in Presov, Slovak Republic
Published: October 2022

Synthetic hydroxyapatite is used in biomedical engineering for its desirable mechanical properties. But not all scaffolds are biocompatible in use. The safety of implants depends on the competence of medical personnel, manufacturing technology, as well as biological, mechanical and other properties. Although there are regulatory standards for the safety of biomaterials, the assessment of their biocompatibility is a difficult task, which is associated with the properties of spacesuits, the duration of contact with tissues. The article proposes a method for assessing the safety of implants depending on various factors that form their biocompatibility.