bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Quest for An Authentic Self: Memory and Identity in Philip Ridley’s Mercury Fur
Authors: Golban Tatiana , Benli Derya
Published: December 2018

Although Philip Ridley’s popular play Mercury Fur (2005) represents, by its display of disturbing powerful images of violence and rape, one of the most shocking examples of in-yer-face theatre, the play’s major concern is rather with the authentic individual self and authentic human relationships. The purpose of this study is to reveal the ways in which Ridley’s dramatic work displays the search for an authentic self in a highly consumerist world. In this respect, Heidegger’s theory of Being along with various postmodern concepts such as memory, forgetting, and identity are discussed in relation to the success or failure of some characters of the play, who try to attain an authentic image of the self.
Rewriting the Faust Myth within Romantic Dualism of Existence in Byrons Manfred and Cain
Authors: Golban Petru , Dita Patricia Denisa
Published: December 2018

Among the myths revived and rewritten by the romantics Prometheus, Orpheus, Psyche, Apollo, and so on the myth of Faust would provide one of the most congenial ways of textualization of the romantic rise of individualism, in general, and of some of its individual thematic perspectives, such as dualism of existence, escapism, and rebelliousness, in particular. George Gordon, Lord Byrons impressive literary masterpieces, the lyrical plays Manfred and Cain are among those works that contributed to the rise of the romantic hero in English literature by building up one of its particular as well as most interesting versions, which is known as the Byronic hero. Solitary, inadaptable, arrogant, misfit, escapist or rebellious, whatever would be the common features of the many characters that are labelled as Byronic hero, they still reveal certain distinct features and perform various deeds that allow them to be regarded as particular hypostases of the Byronic hero, among which Childe Harold, Manfred, Don Juan, Cain, and others. Among these, Manfred and Cain are at once hypostases of the Byronic hero and Faustian figures making possible the reconstruction of the Faust myth within the new attitudes and the thematic complexity of the Romantic Movement. In this respect, the present study embarks on a critical endeavour to disclose and compare the ways in which the two dramatic works revive and reshape the myth, and make it a vehicle for both romantic and, as we will see, anti-romantic literary expression.
Trapped on Love Boat: Middling and Transient Entrapment among Balkan Seafarers in the Cruise Industry
Authors: Ellis Burcu Akan
Published: December 2018

Globalization has led to a plethora of temporary, seasonal and transient jobs characterized by poor work conditions, tolerated by workers with the hope that such jobs will lead to better positions. Yet, it is not uncommon to find workers that spend years in temporary positions. Examining a cadre of cruise crew members from the Balkans who have repeatedly occupied transient jobs, this study addresses the underpinning discourses of savings, care and human capital that serve both to sustain and to entrap workers in transient positions. The ability to save and remit savings to their families allow transient workers to engage in “middling” back home, saving money to invest in homes, businesses or mobility capital. However, structural constraints on labor markets and a disconnect from local networks limit their ability to reach their goals and leverage their time on board to secure more permanent jobs, prompting the workers to repeatedly return to their temporary seafarer positions.
A field analysis on the emergence of migrant entrepreneurs in Japan and their integration into the Japanese society
Authors: Karayılmaz Kaan
Published: December 2018

Demographic change implies more than the aging of the Japanese population and causes socioeconomic and spatial structural transformation processes. Against the backdrop of demographic change, the issue of integrating migrants into Japanese society is gaining in importance and is increasingly drawing attention to economic policy decisions. The growth of new ethnic populations in Japan since 2000 has made ethnic businesses a matter of importance. The self-employed migrants in Japan includes very heterogeneous social situations. There are among those both low earners in precarious sectors as well as good earners in knowledge-intensive businesses. The different nationality of the interviewees in the analysis is justified by the fact that the process of self-employment is explained not only by the individual characteristics of entrepreneurs, but also by the social structures and cultural background of Japanese society and thus the independence from today's point of view. The public opinion on the migrants or migration to Japan and the opinion of migrants about Japanese society is the subject of the study, which explores migrant, Japanese and immigrant perspectives on migration, integration and self-employment.
Global Security and International Migration: Intolarable Weight of the Other in the Global Village
Authors: Gülsoy Lale Şeyda
Published: December 2018

The aim of this research is to mirror the reflection of Human Trafficking in the Turkish media in the context of "Global Security, International Migration and Otherness". The starting point of the reasons for the increase in human trafficking and the ends of which have survived to the present day is accepted as October 11 terrorist acts due to its shocking effects. For this purpose, the news headlines selected from the newspapers such as Cumhuriyet, Zaman, Radikal, Akşam, Milli Gazete and the period between 2001 and October 2018 were analyzed through discourse analysis. In the conclusion part of the study, the concept of "Peace Journalism" is a new form of discourse has been pointed out. Because Human Trafficking is not just a crime. It is also a major human rights violation. With wars, the new conditions of globalization, ethnic conflicts and poverty, this danger is growing rapidly. However, human traffickers do not receive enough punishment despite the crime they have committed. Even the fate of the victims is not known, news about them can not find as much space as necessary in the media. It’s an indisputable truth that there is a need for legislations in order to protect human trafficking victims all over the world. The media should begin to develop a new language in the news for trafficking victims, immediately. The construction of this new language will lead to new and important results for the protection of victims of trafficking.
‘An Egiptian and noe Xtian Woman’: Gypsy Identity and Race Law in Early America
Authors: Ostendorf Ann Marguerite
Published: December 2018

Though many scholars have referenced Joan Scott as the earliest Gypsy in North America, thanks to a 1695 Henrico County Virginia court record identifying her as “an Egiptian and noe Xtian woman,” none have explored her life further. Despite this, an examination of the fornication charge against Scott suggests much about her life. Scott entered the colony twenty years before her fornication charge and while unmarried bore a child whose father the court considered a man of color. In these ways, Scott’s life appears similar to her contemporaries. Yet, in other ways Scott’s experience differed. By allowing the court to believe in her Gypsy identity and non-Christian religion she worked the court in her favor and saw her case dismissed. When historicized and contextualized, the meager details known about Joan Scott enhance our understanding of the colonial American Gypsy experience and contribute to a broader American historical narrative.
A Study on the Sociology of Pierre Bourdieu and Conducting Social Research with Gypsy / Roma Groups
Authors: Gezgin Elif , Greenfields Margaret
Published: December 2018

In social science discourse, the dichotomy between agency and structure tends to dominate debates pertaining to identity construction. When complex social facts are viewed through a simplistic prism of either individual activities or dominant structural impacts is likely to lead to a conclusion, - particularly when the subjects of research are members of communities at risk of vulnerability which are merely two-dimensional; omitting essential elements and interplays of circumstances, agency and structures which can rapidly shift dependent on both personal and external contexts and stressors. In this article, we discuss ways of utilising Pierre Bourdieu's theoretical model to explore the potential for creating a more nuanced theory of identity construction in the context of case studies focused on Gypsy/Roma(ni) people, whose identities depend both on internal identifications and those of the (dominant) groups with whom they live. We also aim to consider how in two widely contrasting international contexts – that of Roma people in Turkey and Gypsy/Traveller communities in the UK – use of Bourdieuian analysis provides appropriate tools that enable an analysis of daily living and the associated sense of active agency of these populations without minimising or excluding the structural effects which impact them. This approach enables a nuanced relational approach to understanding Gypsy/Roma(ni) groups’ identity construction in its entirety, whilst taking account of the specific geographical context  in which the populations reside.
Regional variation in Kurmanji: A preliminary classification of dialects
Authors: Öpengin Ergin , Haig Geoffrey
Published: December 2018

Historical linguistic sources of Kurdish date back just a few hundred years, thus it is not possiInvestigation of the regional variation in Kurmanji, especially its varieties spoken in Turkey, has been almost entirely neglected in the existing literature on Kurdish. In addition to earlier isolated examinations of Kurmanji dialects (cf. MacKenzie, 1961; Ritter, 1971, 1976; Blau, 1975; Jastrow, 1977), native-speaker researchers have recently provided a substantial amount of dialect material across the Kurmanji-speech zone. However, a methodologically-informed evaluation of these observations into a dialect classification is yet to be undertaken. This article aims at providing an initial classification of Kurmanji-internal variation into major regional dialects, based on lexical, phonological and morphosyntactic data collected from five localities in Southeastern Turkey.Cihêrengiya zimanî ya navxweyî di kurmanciyê de: tesnîfeke seretayî ya zaravayan  Di nav xebatên li ser zimanê kurdî de, heta niha, vekolîna cudatiyên devok û zaravayên kurmanciyê, bi taybetî ewên di nav sînorên Tirkiyeyê de, hema bi temamî hatiye piştguhkirin. Ji bilî çend xebatên serbixwe yên pêştir li ser zaravayên kurmancî (wek MacKenzie 1961; Ritter, 1971 û 1976; Blau, 1976; Jastrow 1977), di nav van salên dawî de vekolerên kurdîziman qewareyeke mezin a dane û materyelên ji gelek zaravayên kurmanciyê berhev kirine. Lê belê, hêj ev çavdêriyên berbelav bi rengekî metodolojîk nehatine nirxandin ku tesnîfeke zaravayan jê bi dest bikeve. Ev meqale dil dike tesnîfeke seretayî ya zaravayên serekî yên kurmanciyê pêşkêş bike li ser bingehê daneyên peyvî û fonolojîk û rêzimanî yên li pênc deverên başûr-rojhilatê Tirkiyeyê berhevkirî.جیاوازی ناوچەیی لەناو کرمانجیدا: پۆلینبەندییەکی سەرەتایی زاراوەکان لەناو ئەو لێکۆڵینەوانەی کە سەبارەت بە جیاوازی ناوچەیی لە کرمانجیدا ئەنجام دراوە، بەتایبەت ئەوانەی کە لەمەڕ جۆربەجۆری ئەو [زاراوانەی] کە لە تورکیا قسەیان پێ دەکرێ، بەتەواوی لەمەڕ هەبوونی ئەدەبیاتێکی هەبوو بە زمانی کوردی چاوپۆشی دەکرێت. سەرەڕای چەند تاقیکردنەوەیەکی تاک و تەرا سەبارەت بە شێوەزارەکانی کرمانجی کە پێشتر بەئەنجام گەیشتوون (بەراوردی بکەن لەگەڵ مەک‌کینزی، ١٩٦١؛ ڕیتێر، ١٩٧١ و ١٩٧٦؛ بلەو، ١٩٧٦؛ یاسترۆ، ١٩٧٧) لەم ساڵانەی دواییدا توێژەرانی کورد ڕادەیەکی بەرچاو لە مادەی پێویست سەبارەت بە شێوەزارەکانی کرمانجییان لە دەڤەری کرمانجی ئاخێودا دەستەبەر کردووە. هەرچەند بەمەبەستی پۆلینبەندی زاراوەکان، هەتاکوو ئێستا، هەڵسەنگاندنێکی مێتۆدیک و پڕزانیاری لەسەر ئەم تێڕامانانە ئەنجام نەدراوە. ئامانجی ئەم وتارە بریتییە لەوەی کە پۆلینبەندییەکی سەرەتایی لەو جیاوازییە ناوخۆییەی کە لە زاراوە سەرەکییەکانی ناوچە کرمانجی ئاخێوەکاندا هەیە بەدەستەوە بدات و بۆ ئەم مەبەستە توێژینەوەکە لەسەر بنەمای ئەو داتا وشەیی، دەنگناسی و پێکهاتەی ڕێزمانییانە ئەنجام دەدرێت کە لە پێنج ناوچەی باشوری ڕۆژهەڵاتی تورکیا کۆ کراونەتەوە.
The challenges of writing Kurdish literary history: Representation, classification, periodisation
Authors: Ghaderi Farangis
Published: December 2018

Writing Kurdish literary history, that is a historical account of the development of Kurdish literature, is a fairly new project. Literary critics have strived to construct a comprehensive narrative of the evolution of poetry and prose and to classify individual works into certain schools and movements. Doing so, however, has proved to be a challenging task for Kurdish literature predominantly due to the lack of adequate knowledge of classical, and even contemporary, literature as a consequence of sizeable unpublished or lost manuscripts. In fact, the scarcity of knowledge on classical literature has left critics with a fragmented and episodic picture of Kurdish literary history. In this article I evaluate Kurdish literary historiography in the light of the scarcity of information and examine its ideological foundation and methodological problems. I discuss the significance of collecting, editing and publishing documents and manuscripts as a crucial step in rewriting Kurdish literary history and the way this might change our understanding of Kurdish literature.Keywords: Kurdish literature; literary history; literary canon; manuscript; classification; periodisation.Astengên li ber nivîsîna tarîxa edebiyata kurdî: Pêşkeşkirin, tesnîfkirin, û qonaxbendîNivîsîna tarîxa edebiyata kurdî, anku nivîsîna tarîxa werar û geşeya edebiyata kurdî, hewldaneke nû ye. Rexnegirên edebî hewla wê yekê dane ku wêneyekî giştgîr ê şi’r û pexşana kurdî bikêşin û berhemên nivîseran jî di nav rewt û hereketên edebî de bisenifînin. Lê belê, ev yek kar û erkekî zehmet e di çarçoveya edebiyata kurdî de, lewre windabûn an belavnebûna gelek ji destnivîsan nahêle ku zanyariyên saxlem û berfireh bi dest bikevin li ser edebiyata klasîk û hevçerx. Lewma bi tenê zanyariyên belawela hene li ber destê me sebaret bi tarîxa edebiyata kurdî. Ev gotar binemayên îdeolojîk/hizrî yên tarîxnivîsiya edebiyata kurdî û kêşeyên wê yên mêtodolojîk rave dike û balê dikêşe ser girîngiya berhevkirin, amadekirin û belavkirina belge û destnivîsaran wek pêngaveke esasî di jinûve-nivîsîna tarîxa edebiyata kurdî de, hewldanek ku dikare têgihiştina me li ser edebiyata kurdî biguhere.
‘The Palestinian Dream’ in the Kurdish context
Authors: Akkaya Ahmet Hamdi
Published: December 2018

Turkey’s rising leftist student movement in the late 1960s admired the Palestinian Fedayeen movement and considered it as a school for their own future struggle. In the late 1960s young Turkish-Kurdish leftist students went to Palestinian guerilla camps in Lebanon to be trained in preparation for armed struggle in Turkey. That relationship gained new momentum following the 1980 military coup in Turkey, which heavily impacted Turkish and Kurdish radical movements. The Palestinian camps turned out to be a major retreat for these Turkish-Kurdish groups, among whom the PKK was a primary beneficiary. The PKK seized this opportunity not only for military training but also for organisational recovery which almost no other Turkish or Kurdish movement managed. This article aims to trace the relationship between Turkish-Kurdish radical movements and Palestinian organisations, focusing mainly on the PKK. I argue that the PKK has made use of this relationship in realising the so-called “Palestinian Dream” within the Kurdish context. “Xewna Felestînê” li meydana kurdîKurte Hereketa xwendekarên çepgir ya Tirkiyeyê, ku di dawiya salên 60an de bihêz dibû, bi hijmekarî bal û nezera xwe dabûne ser hereketa “Feda’îyên Felestînê” û ew wek mektebekê didîtin ji bo têkoşîna xwe ya paşerojê. Dawiya salên 60an, xwendekarên ciwan ên çepgir ên tirk û kurd çûne nav kempên gerîlayên Felestînê li Lubnanê da ku xwe ji bo têkoşîna çekdarî li Tirkiyeyê amade bikin. Ew têkilî piştî derbeya leşkerî ya 1980an li Tirkiyeyê hêj bihêztir bû û tesîreke mezin li hereketên radîkal ên tirk û kurd kir. Kempên Felestînê bûne stargehên girîng ji bo van komên tirk-kurd, ku ji nav wan herî zêde PKKyê sûd jê wergirt. PKKyê ev îmkan ne tenê ji bo perwerdeya leşkerî lê herwiha ji bo selihandin û biserxwedehatina xwe ya rêxistînî jî bi kar anî, ya ku ti yek ji hereketên tirk-kurd ên din nekarîbûn pêk bînin. Ev gotar dikeve pey têkiliya di navbera hereketên radîkal ên tirk-kurd û rêxistinên Felestînî de, lê bi taybetî li ser PKKyê hûr dibe, û nîşan dide ku PKKyê ji vê îmkanê wisa îstifade kiriye ku “Xewna Felestînê” li meydana kurdî pêk bîne.
Radical political participation and the internal Kurdish diaspora in Turkey
Authors: O’Connor Francis
Published: December 2018

This article analyses the political mobilisation of the Kurdish internal diaspora outside of the Kurdish region in Turkey. The paper engages with the long held proposition that diasporas tend to support more radical political actors. It discusses the PKK’s mobilisation in western Turkey and the manner in which it has contributed to the revival of a broader Kurdish collective identity. The paper considers historic patterns of Kurdish migration before detailing the role of state repression, ethnic alienation and socio-economic marginalisation on recent Kurdish migrants. It concludes by proposing that it was the specific ideological and spatial strategies deployed by the PKK rather than broader contextual factors which permitted the PKK to win mass support among Kurds in western Turkey. Keywords: Kurdish migration; the PKK; political violence; diaspora; social movements.Beşdariya siyasî ya radîkal û diyasporaya kurdî ya navxweyî li TirkiyeyêEv nivîsar vekolînek e li ser çalakgeriya siyasî ya diyasporaya navxweyî ya Kurdên li derveyî herêma kurdnişîn a Tirkiyeyê. Ev gotar tevî wê fikr û pê$niyaza kevn dibe ya ku dibêje meyla diyasporayan bêtir li ser bizavên siyasî yên nisbeten tundrewtir e. Nivîsar berê xwe dide çalakgeriya PKKyê li rojavayê Tirkiyeyê û lê dikole ka wê çalakgeriyê bi çi rengî tesîr  li vejandina nasnameyeka Kurdî ya cemawerî û berfirehtir kiriye. Di vê xebatê de, pê$iyê şikl û corên koçberiya Kurdan ji nezera tarîxî ve hatine pê$kê$kirin, pa$ê, rola fakterên wek zordestiya dewletê, nebankirina (vederkirina) qewmî û perawêzxistina civakî-aborî ya li ser koçberên heyamên dawî bi hûrgilî hatine nîqa$kirin. Wekî encam, ev xebat pêşniyar dike ku piştgiriya girseyî ku PKK ji Kurdên li rojavayê Tirkiyeyê wergirtiye, ne ew qas ji $ert û mercên gi$tî û çarçoveya berfireh, lê zêdetir bi saya wan stratejiyên taybet yên îdeolojîk û mekanî ne ku PKKyê  dane ber xwe. بەشداری سیاسییانەی رادیكاڵ و تاراوگەی ناوخۆیی كورد لە توركیائەم گوتارە شیكردنەوەیەكە لە سەر مۆبایلیزە كردنی سیاسییانەی تاراوگەی ناوخۆیی كورد لە دەرەوەی دەڤەرە كوردییەكان لە توركیا. ئەم لێكۆڵینەوەیە لەو پێشنیازە دەكۆڵێتەوە كە دەلێت، تاراوگە  پشتیوانی لەو ئەكتەرە سیاسییانە دەكات كە زیاتر رادیكاڵن. ئەم گوتارە باس دەکا لە مۆبایلیزە كردن لە لایەن  پ.ك.ك وە لە رۆژاوای توركیا و ئەو شێوانەی کە ئەو ڕێکخراوەیە بە ڕەچاوکردنیان توانیویەتی ناسنامەیەکی بەرفراوانی كۆمەڵی كوردی ببووژێنێتەوە. ئەم لێكۆڵینەوەیە بەر لەوەی تاوتوێی رۆڵی چەوساندنەوە لە لایەن دەوڵەتەوە بکات و سەرنج بداتە هەڵاواردنی ئینتنیکی و پەراوێز خستنی ئابووری-كۆمەڵایەتی لە سەر كۆچبەرە كوردەكانی ئەو ساڵانەی دوایی، شێوازە مێژووییەكانی كۆچ كردنی كورد راڤە دەكا. لە كۆتاییدا، ئەم گوتارە پێشنیار دەكات كە ھۆكاری بە دەستھێنانی ئەو پشتگیریە جەماوەرییەی پ.ك.ك لە ناو كوردی رۆژئاوای توركیا دەگەڕێتەوە بۆئەو ستراتیژییە تایبەتە فەزایی و ئایدیۆلۆژییانەی كە ئەو ڕێکخراوەیە پەیڕەوی كردووە، نەك فاكتەرە بەربڵاوە ژینگەییەکان (contextual).
Transformations in the Yezidi tradition after the ISIS attacks. An interview with Ilhan Kizilhan
Authors: Omarkhali Khanna
Published: December 2018

Professor Dr. Jan Ilhan Kizilhan is a Yezidi transcultural psychologist. He is the Head of the Department of Mental Health and Addiction at the State University Baden-Württemberg, Germany. In that capacity he has made frequent visits to the Kurdistan Region in Iraq, as part of a project aiming to provide psychological aid to Yezidi women who escaped after being captured and enslaved by ISIS. Under ISIS, Yezidis suffered mass killings, forced conversion to Islam, torture, sexual slavery, and the abuse of their children as ISIS soldiers. In an interview with Khanna Omarkhali, Professor Kizilhan discusses his recent experiences.Keywords: Transformation of tradition; traumatized Yezidis; Yezidi women; ISIS; slavery.Abstract in KurmanjiVeguherînên di nerîtên êzdiyatiyê de piştî êrîşên DAIŞêHevpeyvînek ligel Ilhan KizilhanProfesor Dr. Jan Ilhan Kizilhan derûnnasekî transkulturî yê êzdî ye. Li Almanyayê, li Zanîngeha Dewletî ya Baden-Württembergê, serokê beşa Tendurustiya Derûnî û Muptelayiyê ye. Bi vî sifetî wî gelek caran serdana Herêma Kurdistanê ya Iraqê kiriye di çarçoveya projeyekê de ya bi armanca dabînkirina piştgiriya psîkolojîk bo jinên Êzidî yên ji destê DAIŞê xelas bûne piştî ku hatine revandin û bûne kole. Di bin hukmê DAIŞê de, cemaeta êzdî rastî qirkirinên girseyî, koletiya cinsî û îşkenceyê hatin, û bi darê zorê dînê wan hate guhertin bo Îslamê û zarokên wan bi zorê bûne leşkerên DAIŞê. Di hevpeyvînekê de bi Khanna Omarkhali re Profesor Kizilhan behsa tecrubeyên xwe yên vê dawiyê dike.Abstract in Sorani
Migration and US economic competitiveness
Authors: Martin Philip L.
Published: December 2018

Most Americans are dissatisfied with US immigration policies. This dissatisfaction stems from several factors, including the presence of over 11 million unauthorized foreigners and the fact that many US immigrants who want their spouses and children to join them face long waits. There is also a sense that the US, which accepts over a million immigrants and several hundred thousand temporary foreign workers a year, is not getting enough highly skilled immigrants and temporary workers who could bolster innovation and competitiveness in an increasingly knowledge-based economy. It is very hard to measure the benefits and costs of immigrants and migrant workers, which is one reason why the unsatisfactory status quo persists.
The interplay between family and emigration from Romania
Authors: Bradatan Cristina Elena
Published: December 2018

East European migration became a significant feature in the post 1990 Europe. Although migration based on family connections is the most frequently used form of legal entry into the European Union, and family structure influences (and it is influenced by) migration, in the European literature more attention has been paid to individual (labour) migration rather than family migration. This paper intends to be a review of studies on family migration from Romania. Through this study, ‘family migration’ is used to understand not only the migration of the whole family unit but also migration of individuals within the context of family
Revisiting the Motivations behind Remittance Behavior: Evidence of Debt-Financed Migration from Afghanistan
Authors: Loschmann Craig , Siegel Melissa
Published: December 2018

In an insecure environment like Afghanistan it is believed that many families consider establishing household members at different geographic locations, frequently abroad, as a way to hedge against risks to a sustainable livelihood. With this in mind, this study examines whether such a migration strategy rests on remittance transfers as an alternative source of income, exploiting the way in which migration is financed as a discriminating factor. Our results show remittance transfers are lower for debt-financed migrants, and the influence of certain individual and household characteristics are in line with what we would expect if altruism is the dominating motivation. In light of this finding, we speculate that the sending of household members abroad as a risk-coping strategy may be less about having an alternative source of income and more about having an alternative location to escape to if the security situation happens to take a turn for the worse.
Recruitment through migrant social networks from Latvia to the United Kingdom: Motivations, processes and developments
Authors: McCollum David , Apsite-Berina Elina
Published: December 2018

A burgeoning body of literature exists in relation to the role of social networks in connecting migrant workers with employment opportunities, particularly in lower wage jobs. This evidence points to social networks being an attractive recruitment channel from the perspective of both migrants seeking employment and employers seeking employees. This analysis presents a wide breadth of original material, which examines recruitment through social networks from the perspective of both migrants and employers. This includes data drawn from an extensive mixed methods approach involving a novel online survey of Latvian migrants in the UK and face-to-face interviews with British low-wage employers. This study seeks to offer important and timely contributions to debates about the relationship between migrant social networks and low-wage employment and the implications of these recruitment mechanisms.
Book Reviews
Authors: Ganga Deianira , Seker B. Dilara , Strielkowski Wadim , Bilecen Tuncay
Published: December 2018

Ambrosini, Maurizio. Irregular Migration and Invisible Welfare. Palgrave Macmillan, 2013. 256 pages (ISBN: 9781137314321).Cohen, Jeffrey H., and Ibrahim Sirkeci. Cultures of Migration: The Global Nature of Contemporary Mobility. Austin, TX: University of Texas Press, 2011. xiv + 165 pages. (ISBN: 9780292726857). Dedeoğlu, Saniye. Migrants, Work and Social Integration: Women's Labour in the Turkish Ethnic Economy, Palgrave Macmillan, 2014. 216 pages. (ISBN: 9781137371119)
Syrian Crisis and Migration
Authors: Yazgan Pinar , Utku Deniz Eroglu , Sirkeci Ibrahim
Published: December 2018

With the growing insurrections in Syria in 2011, an exodus in large numbers have emerged. The turmoil and violence have caused mass migration to destinations both within the region and beyond. The current "refugee crisis" has escalated sharply and its impact is widening from neighbouring countries toward Europe. Today, the Syrian crisis is the major cause for an increase in displacement and the resultant dire humanitarian situation in the region. Since the conflict shows no signs of abating in the near future, there is a constant increase in the number of Syrians fleeing their homes. However, questions on the future impact of the Syrian crisis on the scope and scale of this human mobility are still to be answered. As the impact of the Syrian crisis on host countries increases, so does the demand for the analyses of the needs for development and protection in these countries. In this special issue, we aim to bring together a number of studies examining and discussing human mobility in relation to the Syrian crisis.
Dissatisfied, feeling unequal and inclined to emigrate: Perceptions from Macedonia in a MIMIC model
Authors: Petreski Marjan , Petreski Blagica
Published: December 2018

Macedonia has a large diaspora, a high emigration rate and receives larger volume of remittances. This paper aims to describe the current inclination to emigrate from Macedonia, in the light of the dissatisfaction with the domestic political and economic environment and the potential feeling of gender and ethnic inequalities. Particular reference is made to the role of remittances. We use the Remittances Survey 2008 and treat dissatisfaction, feeling of inequality and inclination to emigrate as latent continuous variables in a MIMIC (Multiple-Indicator Multiple-Cause) model, observed only imperfectly in terms of respondents’ perceptions and opinions. Results suggest that dissatisfaction with the societal conditions in Macedonia grows among those who are at their 20s and early 30s, which is more prevalent among ethnic Albanians. Compared to others, Albanians also demonstrate stronger feeling of gender and ethnic inequality. Dissatisfaction, but not the feeling of inequality, then feeds inclination to emigrate. Further to this, however, males and less educated persons are more inclined to emigrate, irrespective of their level of dissatisfaction. We find remittances to play a strong role for the inclination to emigrate: the inclination is larger in households receiving remittances and increases with the amount received, as it is likely that remittances alleviate financial constraints for other persons of the household to emigrate.
Region of Birth and Child Mortality among Black Migrants to South Africa: Is there a foreign-born advantage?
Authors: Green Tiffany L , Peters Amos C
Published: December 2018

Much of the existing evidence for the healthy immigrant advantage comes from developed countries. We investigate whether an immigrant health advantage exists in South Africa, an important emerging economy.  Using the 2001 South African Census, this study examines differences in child mortality between native-born South African and immigrant blacks.  We find that accounting for region of origin is critical: immigrants from southern Africa are more likely to experience higher lifetime child mortality compared to the native-born population.  Further, immigrants from outside of southern Africa are less likely than both groups to experience child deaths.  Finally, in contrast to patterns observed in developed countries, we detect a strong relationship between schooling and child mortality among black immigrants.
Ruling on belonging: transnational marriages in Nordic immigration laws
Authors: Mustasaari Sanna
Published: December 2018

For migrants, participating in transnational networks and having ties to more than one country often results in the formation of marital unions involving transnational communities. This article examines how transnational marriage migration is regulated in Nordic immigration laws, in particular through the definition of family, income requirements, and integration requirements. Drawing on the idea that constructing and contesting the belonging of individuals to families and political communities in nation states are central struggles in these laws, the article studies the right to respect for family life and freedom from discrimination within the context of immigration as a site of resistance. By claiming rights to equal treatment and respect for family life, individuals with transnational ties can challenge policies that frame their belonging through ethnic, racial or gendered stereotypes
Human Capital Theory and Internal Migration: Do Average Outcomes Distort Our View of Migrant Motives?
Authors: Korpi Martin , Clark William A.V.
Published: December 2018

By modelling the distribution of percentage income gains for movers in Sweden, using multinomial logistic regression, this paper shows that those receiving large pecuniary returns from migration are primarily those moving to the larger metropolitan areas and those with higher education, and that there is much more variability in income gains than what is often assumed in models of average gains to migration. This suggests that human capital models of internal migration often overemphasize the job and income motive for moving, and fail to explore where and when human capital motivated migration occurs.
Gender and youth migration for empowerment: migration trends from Tanzania
Authors: Todd Gemma Joan Nifasha , Clarke Benjamin , Marston Millie , Urassa Mark , Todd Jim
Published: December 2018

Migration remains a central concern in urbanisation, especially in Africa. With mobility, and migration, articulated as norms of the twenty-first century this paper introduces a focus on trending realities. The paper describes the migration to and from the rural hinterland of a medium-sized African city in Tanzania. By asking questions on migration trends within livelihoods, this project identifies the emerging demographic patterns, and geographies, within Tanzania. Analysis was carried out on a Health and Demographic Surveillance Site (HDSS) database. The HDSS site data provides an overview of population movement in, out, and within, Kisesa, Tanzania. The results raise discussion concerning what mobility means and the connections between migration and urbanisation. The results raise two key points. Certain factors increase the ‘risk’ of migration: age, sex, place of residence, and being able to migrate individually. These risk factors as interconnected. Results highlight the need for a gender and age sensitive approach with feminising, and youthful, migration trends identified. Secondly, migration is not necessarily rural-urban, but rather increasingly involve local movements within the Kisesa ward and circular mobilities’.
The new ‘diaspora trap’ framework: Explaining return migration from South Africa to Zimbabwe beyond the ‘failure-success’ framework
Authors: Nzima Divane , Moyo Philani
Published: December 2018

This article explores how South Africa-based Zimbabwean skilled migrants are dissuaded from returning home permanently. The study was conceptualised against the background that return migration has often been explained based on migrant failure or success in the host country. This failure-success dichotomy stems from the neo-classical economics theory of migration, the new economics of labour migration and the structuralist approach to return migration. Using a qualitative methodological approach, this article challenges the failure-success theoretical position through an exploration of socio-economic factors in Zimbabwe and South Africa that deter permanent return migration. The article contributes to return migration theorising by introducing a new ‘diaspora trap’ framework which argues that permanent settlement is not always voluntary. Central to this involuntary permanent settlement is the social construction of migrants as successful in Zimbabwe. Zimbabwean skilled migrants are thus entrapped in South Africa because of failure to live up to the ‘success social construct,’ and their inability to mitigate adversities in the host country.
Family configurations and arrangements in the transnational mobility of early-career academics: Does gender make twice the difference?
Authors: Toader Alina , Dahinden Janine
Published: December 2018

Previous studies have pointed out the highly gendered character of academia in general and international mobility in particular: women academics are confronted with a ‘glass ceiling’, and they are less geographically mobile than men, mainly as a result of family obligations. This paper examines whether gender plays twice a role in how women and men consider family arrangements in regard to a long-term post-PhD period of transnational mobility. Using data from an online survey and face-to-face interviews at the Universities of Cambridge and Zurich, we focus first on family configurations when academics decide to become mobile, then on how the family arrangements evolve while abroad. We show that the transnational mobility of academics has become more complex and varied than the ‘classical model’ of mobile academic men and non-mobile or ‘tied mover’ women. While having a child continues to impact gender roles, institutional characteristics in the context of mobility also play a role that needs to be further analysed.
Migrant-family background and subjective well-being: Evidence using Blinder-Oaxaca decomposition
Authors: Beja Edsel L
Published: December 2018

The paper examines the subjective well-being of individuals with migrant-family background and individuals with no migrant-family background. The subjective well-being of the former group is on average lowerthan thelatter group. Blinder-Oaxaca decompositionfinds that thegap in their subjective well-being is not explainedby differences in socioeconomic profile and socialcontext.Rather thegap ismainly due tothe unexplained componentof theanalysis, which the paperinterpretsintwoways.First,theunexplainedcomponentrepresentsthelatent social biases against individualswithmigrant heritage.Second,the unexplained component also represents the overall effect ofpersonality, attitude, and migrant culture on the subjective well-being of individuals with migrant heritage.
A migration industry for skilled migrants: the case of relocation services
Authors: Tissot Florian
Published: December 2018

The aim of this article is to clarify the role of the organisations that support skilled migrants after a relocation, using the analytical concept of migration industry. The concept is used as a tool to explore the gap between the macro and the micro levels and by that stresses the crucial meso-level when it comes to conceptualizing (skilled) migration. I use 30 semi-directive interviews with skilled migrants and six interviews with key informants in the migration industry as a basis for the analysis, leading me to distinguish three main services at the heart of this industry. Each service is covered by distinct private actors: the basic needs of the family by relocation offices, the education of the children by international schools, and the careers of the partner by outplacement agencies.
Citizenship education policies in Northern Ireland and the recognition of ethnic and racial diversity in the wake of new immigration
Authors: Mussano Silvia
Published: December 2018

This paper investigates the emergence of a citizenship education policy in Northern Ireland and its recognition of ethnic and racial diversity. This is particularly important in the wake of the recent rise in racist attacks on non-nationals. It argues that Northern Ireland constitutes an interesting case study in both the conceptualisation and the accommodation of diversity in education. The distinctive contribution of citizenship education á la nord-irlandaise to the debate on education and immigration is situated within the context of the emergence of this curricular module in Europe. The importance of international normative models emerges out of the consideration that European initiatives in citizenship education may point the way forward and provide a useful lesson for Northern Ireland
Conceptualising the Emergence of Immigrants' Transnational Communities
Authors: Nell Liza M.
Published: December 2018

Under which circumstances do immigrant transnational political activities emerge into a sustainable transnational community? First, this depends on the transnational political opportunity structure (TPOS) including both immigrant’s country of settlement and the (ancestral) country of origin. Governments’ integration and emigration models – that politically incorporate or exclude immigrants or emigrants – may invite or discourage transnational political action. Second, different models of citizenship of both countries, used to define a migrant’s membership in society, strongly influence the type of transnational activities. At the same time citizenship contains the norms, values, and loyalties immigrants have in their notion of acting as a good (transnational) citizen.
The impetus of conflict on the reproduction of national identity among exiled Palestinians Evidence from a fieldwork in Syria
Authors: Andersen Rikke Sand
Published: December 2018

This paper discusses the reproduction of Palestinian nationalism among exiled Palestinians in Syria. Through a description of micro-level processes by which nationalism is reproduced, it is shown how important conflict and political struggles are in the formation of national identity and the directions it takes; also among immigrants who do not themselves live in the midst of the conflict. The paper argues that children should not be neglected in studies of nationalism. Memories of conflict and forced migration are found important in socialising the children, who are considered important co-actors in the process of preserving Palestinian nationalism in exile.
Organizing women migrants: The Filipino and Cape Verdean women’s associations in Rome
Authors: Pojmann Wendy
Published: December 2018

Migrant women’s associations in Italy did not simply emerge from informal networks. The Filipino and Cape Verdean women’s associations in Rome are examples of the results of multiple factors that contributed to the strategy of self-organization established by migrant women with the intention of empowering themselves. An awareness of their unique position as women from mostly-female migrant groups, a lack of institutional bodies prepared to assist them, and the leadership of individual women were key aspects in the formation of the first migrant women’s associations in Rome. Gender and nationality were the main components of migrant women’s organizing in the first mostly-female migrant groups.
Book Reviews
Authors: HYVöNEN Heli , Balicki Janusz , Sirkeci Ibrahim
Published: December 2018

Families Caring Across Borders, Migration, Ageing and Transnational Caregiving by Baldassar, Loretta; Baldock Vellekoop Cora and Wilding Raelene, (2007) Hampshire: Palgrave Macmillan, 259 pp.Contemporary Polish Migration in Europe, Complex Patterns of Movement and Settlement Edited by Anna Triandafyllidou, (2006) The Edwin Mellen Press, Lewiston, New York, 319 pp.Turkey’s Modernization: Refugees from Nazism and Ataturk’s Vision Arnold Reisman (2006) New Academia Publishing, LLC.Innovative Concepts for Alternative Migration Policies: Ten Innovative Approaches to the Challenges of Migration in the 21st Century Edited by Michael Jandl, (2007) IMISCOE Reports, Amsterdam University Press, Amsterdam, 153 pp.The Europeanization of National Policies and Politics of Immigration between Autonomy and the European Union edited by Thomas Faist and Andreas Ette (eds.) (2007), Palgrave Macmillan, New York, 270 pp.Immigration Under New Labour by Will Somerville (2007), the Policy Press, Bristol, 232 pp.
Immigrant redistribution and life course trigger events: Evidence from US interstate migration
Authors: De Jong Gordon F. , Graefe Deborah Roempke
Published: December 2018

Our focus in this paper is on the impact of life course trigger events demonstrates that the life course theoretical perspective provides relevant explanations for immigrant interstate relocation decisions in the United States (US). Utilizing longitudinal individual- and family-level migration, human capital, and life course transition data from the 1996-1999 and 2001-2003 panels of the Survey of Income and Program Participation, integrated with state economic conditions and immigrant co-ethnic population concentration data, we apply a discrete-time event history approach to estimate departure relocation decision models for immigrants. The results provide evidence that family life course trigger events exert independent and more robust effects on the redistribution of immigrants than alternative individual and family-level human capital explanations.
The internal migration propensities and net migration patterns of ethnic groups in Britain
Authors: Stillwell John J. C. , Hussain Serena , Norman Paul
Published: December 2018

Internal migration propensities of ethnic groups are examined using three types of census data. Special Migration Statistics show variation in aggregate propensities whereas commissioned age-specific flow data indicate age variations by ethnic group. Micro data from Samples of Anonymised Records confirm low Asian propensities and suggest convergence between 1991 and 2001. Inter-district net migration reveals familiar counterurbanisation trends for whites but more complex patterns for non-whites. Evidence suggests white net migration at this scale is greater in areas with higher non-white population shares which themselves experience higher non-white immigration rates.
Boats, planes and trains: British migration, mobility and transnational experience
Authors: Lunt Neil
Published: December 2018

This paper discusses the paucity of scholarship on contemporary British international migration experience, and highlights why British nations are viewed as beyond detailed international migration and transnational scholarship. Resisting this closure, discussion invokes a transnational lens to explore three flows: post-war migration of British citizens to traditional destinations; British retirement migration to the Mediterranean; and British professional migration. The paper adds its voice to a growing body of work that argues for a widening of the migration agenda to include qualitative work and a transnational approach to enable British migratory experience to be fully investigated.
Mobility and Immobility in a Transnational Context: Changing Views of Migration among the Kazakh Diaspora in Mongolia
Authors: Werner Cynthia , Barcus Holly R.
Published: December 2018

Inquiry into the causes and outcomes of transnational migration spans numerous disciplines, scales and methodological approaches.  Fewer studies focus on immobility.  Utilizing the Kazakh population of Mongolia as a case study, this paper considers how non-migrants view the economic and cultural costs of migrating.  We posit that three factors, including local place attachments specific to Mongolia, access to information about life in Kazakhstan and the importance of maintaining social networks in Mongolia, contribute substantially to their decision to not migrate. Our findings suggest that the decision to not migrate can be very strategic for non-migrants in highly transnational contexts.
A Participatory Approach to Research with Migrant Working Adolescents
Authors: Bertozzi Rita
Published: December 2018

Child-centred approaches focus on the children’s perspective and on participation. Participatory action research can be a fruitful methodology for investigating delicate topics such as child labour in migrant communities. This article presents a peer research project conducted in Rome (Italy) which actively involved a group of foreign working young people over two years and employed a variety of methodologies. Research methods will be illustrated and critically discussed, with a particular focus on the benefits for the migrant youths involved and ethical questions arising from this type of research. A brief summary of the main findings will also be provided.
Undocumented Migrants and Invisible Welfare: Survival Practices in the Domestic Environment
Authors: Ambrosini Maurizio
Published: December 2018

In Italy, as in other countries, a significant number of migrants are employed as domestic workers, baby-sitters or carers of elderly people in Italian families (Parreñas 2001). Many of them begin as irregular migrants, but they manage to accede to a regular status: Italy is the EU country that has granted the highest number of regularizations, through six amnesties in 22 years, and other forms of hidden regularization. As employers, the families are the main actors in the regularization process. In many other situations, they are involved in hiring unregistered migrants and in managing the migrants’ underground work, especially that of women, as they welcome and accommodate them in their homes. This paper aims to explore the hidden world of the survival practices and social integration of undocumented migrants employed in Italian families, showing how most of them can obtain a regular status, after a period of hard work and a difficult life, turning it into a transient stage in the migrant’s career.
Terrorists at the Gates? Unauthorized Migrants and Discourses of Danger
Authors: Jaworsky Bernadette Nadya
Published: December 2018

This letter looks at public discourses about the 'dark side' of migration—its association with terror and danger. To understand these ‘discourses of danger’ and the ways in which unauthorized migrants respond, I utilize qualitative data collected over four years of research in a small U.S. city that has recently received a large influx of foreign-born residents. I examine the ways in which unauthorized migrants—individually and collectively—frame and construct claims for social and political acceptance and the discursive survival strategies they employ in response to the growing incidence of physical and symbolic violence in their communities.