bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Kuliah Kerja Nyata (KKN ) sebagai Metode Pembelajaran di Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas YARSI
Authors: Pusparini Miranti
Published: January 2019

Sehubungan dengan adanya peraturan SNPT no 44 tahun 2015,bentuk pembelajaran
pendidikan diploma empat, program sarjana, program profesi, dan program spesialis wajib ditambah pembelajaran berupa pengabdian kepada masyarakat. Dalam rangka mencoba menerapkan bentuk pembelajaran pengabdian masyarakat, Universitas YARSI bekerjasama dengan Dinas Perlindungan Anak dan Pemberdayaan Perempuan (DPPAPP) melaksanakan kegiatan Kuliah Kerja Nyata (KKN) Program Kependudukan dan Keluarga Berencana serta Pembangunan Keluarga (KKBPK). KKN dilaksanakan pada proses pembelajaran di Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas YARSI semester 7 (tujuh) tahun ajaran 2017 – 2018 dalam Blok Elektif dengan peminatan Kekerasan Dalam Rumah Tangga (KDRT), dilakukan oleh 1 kelompok yang terdiri dari 5 (lima) orang mahasiswa sebagai pemateri. Bentuk kegiatan berupa penyuluhan dengan pretest dan posttest serta diskusi. Pretes dan postes diberikan sebagai tolok ukur penyampaian materi. Hasil pretes menunjukan nilai yang baik (80-90) sebanyak 7 orang atau sekitar 29,17%, nilai cukup (antara 60-70) sebanyak 10 orang atau sekitar 41,67%, dan nilai kurang (≤ 50) sebanyak 7 orang atau sekitar 29,17%. Hasil post tes menunjukan nilai yang baik  (antara 80-100) sebanyak 12 orang atau sekitar 48%, nilai cukup (antara 60-70) sebanyak 9 orang atau sekitar 36%, dan nilai yang kurang sebanyak 4 orang atau sekitar 16%. Kuesioner penilaian pelaksanaan kegiatan penyuluhan juga disebarkan, dengan hasil pemateri 58,14% dinilai sangat baik, dan untuk materi penyuluhan 48,84% dinilai baik.Terlihat peningkatan rerata nilai secara umum sebanyak 12,38 poin yang semula 60,42 saat pretes menjadi 72,80 saat postes. Hal ini menunjukan bahwa materi penyuluhan dapat tersampaikan dengan baik oleh seluruh mahasiswa.
Pilot Sleep in Long-Range and Ultra-Long-Range Commercial Flights
Authors: Lamp Amanda , McCullough David , Chen Jane M. C. , Brown Rachelle E. , Belenky Gregory
Published: January 2019

INTRODUCTION: Despite the clear need for understanding how pilot sleep affects performance during long-range (LR; 12-16h) and ultra-long-range (ULR; 16+h) flights, the scientific literature on the effects of sleep loss and circadian desynchronization on pilots’ sleep in
commercial aviation is sparse.METHODS: We assessed pilots’ sleep timing, duration, and post-trip recovery on two LR and two ULR nonstop California to Australasia routes. Pilot’s sleep/wake history was measured with actigraphy and verified by logbook across 8–9
d.RESULTS: Pilots averaged 8.210 ± 1.687 SD hours of sleep per 24 h across the study period. A logistic model of the circadian timing of sleep indicated that time of day and phase of trip are significant predictors of pilots being asleep. Significant two- and three-way interactions
were found between time of day, phase of trip, and route. A significant difference in average sleep time was observed between baseline and recovery day 1 for one route. All other recovery days and routes were not significantly different from baseline.DISCUSSION: For the four routes,
the average amount of sleep per 24-h period during the study period was within the normal range with the circadian rhythm aligned to home-base time pre- and post-trip. Flight segments and layover conditions were associated with a misalignment of sleep relative to circadian rhythm, with layover
sleep appearing to shift toward the local night. Full post-trip sleep duration recovery appears to occur for all routes within 1–2 d.Lamp A, McCullough D, Chen JMC, Brown RE, Belenky G. Pilot sleep in long-range and ultra-long-range commercial flights. Aerosp Med Hum Perform. 2019; 90(2):109–115.
Intersession Reliability and Within-Session Stability of a Novel Perception-Action Coupling Task
Authors: Connaboy Christopher , Johnson Caleb D. , LaGoy Alice D. , Pepping Gert-Jan , Simpson Richard J. , Deng Zhigang , Ma Luming , Bower Joanne L. , Eagle Shawn R. , Flanagan Shawn D. , Alfano Candice A.
Published: January 2019

BACKGROUND: The perception-action coupling task (PACT) was designed as a more ecologically valid measure of alertness/reaction times compared to currently used measures by aerospace researchers. The purpose of this study was to assess the reliability, within-subject variability,
and systematic bias associated with the PACT.METHODS: There were 16 subjects (men/women = 9 / 7; age = 27.8 ± 3.6 yr) who completed 4 identical testing sessions. The PACT requires subjects to make judgements on whether a virtual ball could fit into an aperture. For each session,
subjects completed nine cycles of the PACT, with each cycle lasting 5 min. Judgement accuracy and reaction time parameters were calculated for each cycle. Systematic bias was assessed with repeated-measures ANOVA, reliability with intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC), and within-subject
variability with coefficients of variation (CVTE).RESULTS: Initiation time (Mean = 0.1065 s) showed the largest systematic bias, requiring the elimination of three cycles to reduce bias, with all other variables requiring, at the most, one. All variables showed acceptable
reliability (ICC > 0.70) and within-subject variability (CVTE < 20%) with only one cycle after elimination of the first three cycles.CONCLUSIONS: With a three-cycle familiarization period, the PACT was found to be reliable and stable.Connaboy C, Johnson CD,
LaGoy AD, Pepping G-J, Simpson RJ, Deng Z, Ma L, Bower JL, Eagle SR, Flanagan SD, Alfano CA. Intersession reliability and within-session stability of a novel perception-action coupling task. Aerosp Med Hum Perform. 2019; 90(2):77–83.
Cone Contrast Test for Color Vision Deficiency Screening Among a Cohort of Military Aircrew Applicants
Authors: Chay Isaac W. , Lim Shawn W. Y. , Tan Benjamin B. C.
Published: January 2019

PURPOSE: To evaluate the use of the Cone Contrast Test (CCT) as a color vision screening tool in an Asian population of aircrew applicants and compare it against the Ishihara Psuedo Isochromatic Plates (PIP) – Edridge Lantern Test (ELT) screening pathway, assessing its
impact on attrition with CCT cut-off scores of 55 and 75.METHODS: This is a retrospective review of 862 Republic of Singapore Airforce aircrew applicants tested with CCT and Ishihara PIP–ELT combination as screening. CCT repeatability was analyzed by comparing the subject’s
interocular (right vs. left eye) scores measured as the coefficient of repeatability (COR), with COR differing by ≥15 points considered to be outside normal limits.RESULTS: Of the applicants, 17 (1.97%) failed to achieve a CCT score of ≥55 (5 protan, 12 deutan), while 26 (3.02%)
applicants failed to achieve a score ≥75 (5 protan, 21 deutan). Of the 17 applicants who obtained a CCT score of <55, 16 failed the Ishihara PIP test. The only applicant who passed the Ishihara PIP test had a CCT score of 50. Of all applicants, 1.7% had a COR of ≥15, with 93.3% of
them identified as color vision deficient (CVD). Our results demonstrated excellent test repeatability, with 99.9% (835 out of 836) of color vision normal (CVN) applicants achieving a COR of <15 points.CONCLUSION: Our study demonstrated a high correlation between the CCT (passing
score of ≥55) and the Ishihara PIP. Employing the CCT with a passing score of ≥75, instead of the Ishihara PIP–ELT combination, led to an increase in attrition rate of 0.7–3.0%.Chay IW, Lim SWY, Tan BBC. Cone Contrast Test for color vision deficiency screening among a cohort of military aircrew applicants. Aerosp Med Hum Perform. 2019; 90(2):71–76.
Fractured Tooth Stabilized with Auto Body Repair Resin on a 1970 Royal Navy Polaris Submarine Patrol
Authors: Brooks Christopher J.
Published: January 2019

INTRODUCTION: In February 1970, halfway through a Polaris submarine war patrol in SSBN-02 HMS Renown (port crew), a Petty Officer presented to the sick bay in excruciating pain with a broken upper left molar tooth. The zinc oxide/clove oil mixture would not stick on to
the vertical face of the fracture. In preparation for such events, Royal Navy (RN) submarine medical officers are taught excellent fundamental dental skills. In this case, it seemed a very difficult job to extract the remains of the tooth. The author reports the first known use of glass fiber/resin
in the RN to crown and treat a fractured molar, cover the root, and save the tooth, and to recommend that all military and civilian medical staff working anywhere in isolation with no dental facility locally be given similar training to that which RN submarine medical officers receive before
being sent on extended dives.Brooks CJ. Fractured tooth stabilized with auto body repair resin on a 1970 Royal Navy Polaris submarine patrol. Aerosp Med Hum Perform. 2019; 90(2):135–138.
Relation between thickness, crystallite size and magnetoresistance of nanostructured La1−xSrxMnyO3±δ films for magnetic field sensors
Authors: Lukose Rasuole , Plausinaitiene Valentina , Vagner Milita , Zurauskiene Nerija , Kersulis Skirmantas , Kubilius Virgaudas , Motiejuitis Karolis , Knasiene Birute , Stankevic Voitech , Saltyte Zita , Skapas Martynas , Selskis Algirdas , Naujalis Evaldas
Published: January 2019

In the present study the advantageous pulsed-injection metal organic chemical vapour deposition (PI-MOCVD) technique was used for the growth of nanostructured La1−xSrxMnyO3±δ (LSMO) films on ceramic Al2O3 substrates. The compositional, structural and magnetoresistive properties of the nanostructured manganite were changed by variation of the processing conditions: precursor solution concentration, supply frequency and number of supply sources during the PI-MOCVD growth process. The results showed that the thick (≈400 nm) nanostructured LSMO films, grown using an additional supply source of precursor solution in an exponentially decreasing manner, exhibit the highest magnetoresistance and the lowest magnetoresistance anisotropy. The possibility to use these films for the development of magnetic field sensors operating at room temperature is discussed.
Removal of toxic heavy metals from river water samples using a porous silica surface modified with a new β-ketoenolic host
Authors: Tighadouini Said , Radi Smaail , Elidrissi Abderrahman , Haboubi Khadija , Bacquet Maryse , Degoutin Stéphanie , Zaghrioui Mustapha , Garcia Yann
Published: January 2019

A new hybrid adsorbent material for the efficient removal of heavy metals from natural real water solutions (Moroccan river water samples) was prepared by the immobilization of a new conjugated β-ketoenol–pyridine–furan ligand onto a silica matrix. The thermodynamical properties including pH, adsorption isotherms, competitive adsorption, selectivity and regeneration were studied to investigate the effect of ketoenol–pyridine–furan–silica (SiNL) on the removal of Zn(II), Pb(II), Cd(II) and Cu(II) from aqueous solutions. An increase in adsorption as a function of pH and fast adsorption was reached within 25 min. The maximum sorption capacities for Zn(II), Pb(II), Cd(II) and Cu(II) were 96.17, 47.07, 48.30 and 32.15 mg·g−1, respectively. Furthermore, the material proved to be very stable – its adsorption capacity remained greater than 98% even after five cycles of adsorption/desorption. Compared to literature results, this material can be considered a high-performing remediation adsorbent for the extraction of Zn(II) from natural real water solution.
Europa Neutral Torus Confirmation and Characterization Based on Observations and Modeling
Authors: Smith Howard Todd , Mitchell Donald G. , Johnson Robert E. , Mauk Barry H. , Smith Jacob E.
Published: January 2019

The confirmation and constraints of a Europa-generated neutral torus are presented based on available observations and computational modeling of relevant source species. These results are applied to determine if the Energetic Neutral Atom (ENA) images reported by Mauk et al. were produced by interactions with a Europa neutral particle torus or with the local charged particle population. Neutral tori provide important insights into the processes operating in large planet magnetospheres. Such features emerge when particles escape an embedded satellite and form a population that co-orbits with the moon. Torus distributions and compositions are directly related to the satellite composition and source mechanisms. Significant findings are as follows. (1) The presence of a Europa neutral torus is confirmed through the development of 3D Io and Europa neutral tori models. (2) Density constraints for H, H2, O, and O2 in the Europa neutral torus are determined. (3) The torus is highly asymmetric: Near Europa, ∼99% of the ENA image is produced by the neutral torus. Furthest from Europa, ∼15%–69% of the ENA emissions are caused by charge exchange interaction within the ambient plasma. In addition, we showed that (4) 7%–34% of the ENAs near Europa would be produced by charge exchange with neutrals, even with a three order of magnitude neutral source rate reduction (<2 × 1024). (5) Satellite source rate variations take longer to impact the Europa neutral torus than the Io neutral torus. Dominant processes at Europa’s orbit have lifetimes >2–8 days, while at Io, the neutral particles lifetimes are as short as 8–13 hr.
Inherentness of Non-stationarity in Solar Wind
Authors: Jagarlamudi Vamsee Krishna , Dudok de Wit Thierry , Krasnoselskikh Vladimir , Maksimovic Milan
Published: January 2019

Most studies of turbulence in the solar wind invoke stationarity as a working hypothesis. Unfortunately, this concept is difficult to verify in practice. To investigate the validity of the weak stationarity assumption we consider magnetic field measurements made by the WIND satellite and study the properties of the autocorrelation function (ACF), which is a classical gauge for characteristic times or scales. We find that the ACF suffers from a high variance, which precludes the routine interpretation of correlation times and scales. In addition, the ACF fails to converge toward a constant function, even when considering the longest available intervals of either fast or slow solar wind. The reasons behind this lack of convergence are better understood by considering the power spectral density (PSD) of the magnetic field and analyzing synthetic data that exhibit the same PSD. Interestingly, we find evidence for an f
−1 scaling at low frequencies in both fast and slow solar winds. These results, together with the theoretical properties of processes with f
−γ
scaling all point to the non-stationary behavior of the solar wind, in particular for scales that correspond to the inertial range. They also impose strong constraints on the applicability of ACF analysis as a tool for characterizing statistical properties of solar wind turbulence.
The Origin of Major Solar Activity: Collisional Shearing between Nonconjugated Polarities of Multiple Bipoles Emerging within Active Regions
Authors: Chintzoglou Georgios , Zhang Jie , Cheung Mark C. M. , Kazachenko Maria
Published: January 2019

Active regions (ARs) that exhibit compact polarity inversion lines (PILs) are known to be very flare productive. However, the physical mechanisms behind this statistical inference have not been demonstrated conclusively. We show that such PILs can occur owing to the collision between two emerging flux tubes nested within the same AR. In such multipolar ARs, the flux tubes may emerge simultaneously or sequentially, each initially producing a bipolar magnetic region (BMR) at the surface. During each flux tube’s emergence phase, the magnetic polarities can migrate such that opposite polarities belonging to different BMRs collide, resulting in shearing and cancellation of magnetic flux. We name this process “collisional shearing” to emphasize that the shearing and flux cancellation develop owing to the collision. Collisional shearing is a process different from the known concept of flux cancellation occurring between polarities of a single bipole, a process that has been commonly used in many numerical models. High spatial and temporal resolution observations from the Solar Dynamics Observatory for two emerging ARs, AR 11158 and AR 12017, show the continuous cancellation of up to 40% of the unsigned magnetic flux of the smallest BMR, which occurs at the collisional PIL for as long as the collision persists. The flux cancellation is accompanied by a succession of solar flares and CMEs, products of magnetic reconnection along the collisional PIL. Our results suggest that the quantification of magnetic cancellation driven by collisional shearing needs to be taken into consideration in order to improve the prediction of solar energetic events and space weather.
Electron Heating by Kinetic Alfvén Waves in Coronal Loop Turbulence
Authors: Malara Francesco , Nigro Giuseppina , Valentini Francesco , Sorriso-Valvo Luca
Published: January 2019

A test-particle model describing the energization of electrons in a turbulent plasma is presented. Parameters are chosen to represent turbulence in a magnetic structure of the solar corona. A fluctuating electric field component parallel to the background magnetic field, with properties similar to those of Kinetic Alfvén Waves, is assumed to be present at scales of the order of the proton Larmor radius. Electrons are stochastically accelerated by multiple interactions with such fluctuations, reaching energies of the order of 102 eV within tens to hundreds of seconds, depending on the turbulence amplitude. For values of the large-scale plasma velocity fluctuation of the order of tens of kilometers per second, the power absorbed by electrons per surface unit is of the order of that typically necessary to heat the corona. The power that electrons absorb from fluctuations is proportional to the third power of the large-scale velocity amplitude, and is comparable with the power associated with the turbulent cascade. Therefore, this mechanism can be considered as an equivalent kinetic dissipation for turbulence, and it can play a relevant role in the heating of electrons in the corona.
Burning in the Tail: Implications for a Burst Oscillation Model
Authors: Chambers Frank R. N. , Watts Anna L. , Keek Laurens , Cavecchi Yuri , Garcia Ferran
Published: January 2019

Accreting neutron stars (NSs) can exhibit high-frequency modulations, known as burst oscillations, in their light curves during thermonuclear X-ray bursts. Their frequencies can be offset from the spin frequency of the NS (known independently) by several Hz, and can drift by 1–3 Hz. One plausible explanation for this phenomenon is that a wave is present in the bursting ocean that decreases in frequency (in the rotating frame) as the burst cools. The strongest candidate is the buoyant r-mode; however, models for the burning ocean background used in previous studies over-predict frequency drifts by several Hz. Using new background models (which include shallow heating, and burning in the tail of the burst) the evolution of the buoyant r-mode is calculated. The resulting frequency drifts are smaller, in line with observations. This illustrates the importance of accounting for the detailed nuclear physics in these bursts.
Determination of Plasma, Pickup Ion, and Suprathermal Particle Spectrum in the Solar Wind Frame of Reference
Authors: Zhang Ming , Zhao Lulu , von Steiger R. , Wimmer-Schweingruber R. F. , Gloeckler G. M. , Desai M. , Pogorelov N. V.
Published: January 2019

Particle spectra directly measured by a plasma or low-energy particle experiment on spacecraft often contain instrumental effects due to a limited field of view or angular resolution. It is because the particle distribution function at low energies is highly anisotropic in the spacecraft frame of reference, in which the measurements are made. In this paper, we present a new mathematical method of transforming the particle spectrum to the solar wind frame of reference, where the particle distribution can be assumed to be nearly isotropic. The transformed particle spectrum allows us to investigate the properties of the solar wind, pickup ions, and suprathermal particles without concern for instrumental effects. We apply the method to the measurements made by the Solar Wind Ion Composition Spectrometer on Ulysses. Our results demonstrate that the transformed spectrum can improve the determination of the solar wind density and temperature from the previously published methods. A brief survey of Ulysses data shows that suprathermal ions in the slow solar wind frequently display a velocity distribution very close to the v
−5 power law.
Contributions from Accreted Organics to Titan’s Atmosphere: New Insights from Cometary and Chondritic Data
Authors: Miller Kelly E. , Glein Christopher R. , Waite J. Hunter
Published: January 2019

Since its discovery in the first half of the 20th century, scientists have puzzled over the origins of Titan’s atmosphere. Current models suggest that atmospheric N2 on Titan may have originated from NH3-bearing ice with N-isotopic ratios similar to those observed in NH2 in cometary comae (14N/15N ∼ 136). In contrast, N2 ice appears to be too 15N poor to explain Titan’s atmosphere (14N/15N ∼ 168). Additionally, data from the Rosetta mission to comet 67P/Churyumov–Gerasimenko suggest that the Ar/N2 ratio of outer solar system planetesimals may be too high for a comet-like N2 source on Titan. The Rosetta mission also revealed an astonishing abundance of N-bearing complex organic material. While thermal fractionation of cometary sources during Titan accretion may explain the loss of N2- and Ar-rich ices, more refractory materials such as complex organics would be retained. Later heating in the interior may lead to volatilization of accreted organics, consistent with Cassini–Huygens measurements of 40Ar that suggest outgassing from the interior may have played a role in atmosphere formation. Here, we develop a three endmember mixing model for N isotopes and the 36Ar/14N ratio of Titan’s atmosphere, and consider the implications for the source of atmospheric methane. Our model suggests that Titan’s interior is likely warm, and that N from accreted organics may contribute on the order of 50% of Titan’s present-day nitrogen atmosphere.
Chemical and Kinematic Analysis of CN-strong Metal-poor Field Stars in LAMOST DR3
Authors: Tang Baitian , Liu Chao , Fernández-Trincado J. G. , Geisler Doug , Shi Jianrong , Zamora Olga , Worthey Guy , Moreno Edmundo
Published: January 2019

The large amount of chemical and kinematic information available in large spectroscopic surveys has inspired the search for chemically peculiar stars in the field. Though these metal-poor field stars ([Fe/H] < −1) are commonly enriched in nitrogen, their detailed spatial, kinematic, and chemical distributions suggest that various groups may exist, and thus their origin is still a mystery. To study these stars statistically, we increase the sample size by identifying new CN-strong stars with LAMOST DR3 for the first time. We use CN–CH bands around 4000 Å to find CN-strong stars, and further separate them into CH-normal stars (44) and CH-strong (or CH) stars (35). The chemical abundances from our data-driven software and APOGEE DR14 suggest that most CH-normal stars are N-rich, and this cannot be explained by an internal mixing process alone. The kinematics of our CH-normal stars indicate that a substantial fraction of these stars are retrograding, pointing to an extragalactic origin. The chemistry and kinematics of CH-normal stars imply that they may be stars dissolved from globular clusters, or accreted halo stars, or both.
Constraining the Braking Index and Energy Partition of Magnetar Spindown with Swift/XRT Data
Authors: Lü Hou-Jun , Lan Lin , Liang En-Wei
Published: January 2019

The long-lasting X-ray plateau emission in long gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) shows observational evidence for ongoing energy injection, which may be from magnetar spindown due to energy released via either magnetic dipole (MD) or gravitational wave (GW) radiation. In this paper, by systematically analyzing the Swift/XRT light curves detected before 2018 July, we find 45 light curves with a measured redshift that monotonically decay as a smooth broken power law. By assuming that the central engines of these GRBs are newly born magnetars, we measure the braking index n of putative millisecond magnetars, due to MD and GW radiations. The inferred braking indices are not close to 3 or 5, but range between them with a normal distribution (

). We define a dimensionless parameter

, which is the ratio between the MD and GW components, and find that the energy released via magnetar spindown in most GRBs of our sample is dominated by GW radiation for

ms and ϵ = 0.005 and 0.01. On the other hand, we find that

and the braking index n seem to be anticorrelated within a large systematic error at t = 0, but depend on the values of the parameters P
0 and ϵ. These results suggest that the contribution of GW radiation cannot be ignored, and that a larger braking index leads to GWs dominating the energy released during magnetar spindown if indeed magnetars are operating in some long GRBs.
Model-free Maps of Interstellar Neutral Hydrogen Measured with IBEX between 2009 and 2018
Authors: Galli A. , Wurz P. , Rahmanifard F. , Möbius E. , Schwadron N. A. , Kucharek H. , Heirtzler D. , Fairchild K. , Bzowski M. , Kubiak M. A. , Kowalska-Leszczynska I. , Sokół J. M. , Fuselier S. A. , Swaczyna P. , McComas D. J.
Published: January 2019

The Interstellar Boundary Explorer (IBEX) is a NASA satellite in Earth orbit, dedicated to observing interstellar neutral (ISN) atoms entering the heliosphere and energetic neutral atoms from the heliosheath from 11 eV to 6 keV. This work presents comprehensive maps of ISN hydrogen observed with IBEX at energies between 11 and 41 eV, covering almost an entire solar cycle from 2009 to 2018. ISN hydrogen measurements can provide information on the interstellar medium and on the heliosphere that modifies the incoming ISN flow. Whereas hydrogen is the dominant species in the unperturbed interstellar medium, most ISN hydrogen atoms crossing into the heliosphere do not reach the inner solar system: some are filtered out around the heliopause, while others are held off by solar radiation pressure or may be ionized as they approach the Sun. This paper presents and evaluates several approaches for generating model-free maps of ISN hydrogen from IBEX measurements. We discuss the basic implications of our results for ISN hydrogen inflow and outline the remaining discrepancies between observations and model predictions. Our maps show, during weak solar activity from 2009 to 2011, a clear signal of ISN hydrogen for ecliptic longitudes between 240° and 310°, roughly one month after the signal of ISN helium has peaked. When the solar activity approached its maximum around 2014, the ISN hydrogen signal weakened and dropped below the detection threshold because of increasing solar radiation pressure and ionization. The ISN hydrogen signal then reappeared in 2017.
Exoplanets in the Antarctic Sky. I. The First Data Release of AST3-II (CHESPA) and New Found Variables within the Southern CVZ of TESS
Authors: Zhang 张 Hui 辉 , Yu Zhouyi , Liang Ensi , Yang Ming , Ashley Michael C. B. , Cui Xiangqun , Du Fujia , Fu Jianning , Gong Xuefei , Gu Bozhong , Hu Yi , Jiang Peng , Liu Huigen , Lawrence Jon , Liu Qiang , Li Xiaoyan , Li Zhengyang , Ma Bin , Mould Jeremy , Shang Zhaohui , Suntzeff Nicholas B. , Tao Charling , Tian Qiguo , Tinney C. G. , Uddin Syed A. , Wang Lifan , Wang Songhu , Wang Xiaofeng , Wei Peng , Wright Duncan , Wu Xuefeng , Wittenmyer Robert A. , Xu Lingzhe , Yang Shi-hai , Yu Ce , Yuan Xiangyan , Zheng Jessica , Zhou Hongyan , Zhou Ji-lin , Zhu Zhenxi
Published: January 2019

Located at Dome A, the highest point of the Antarctic plateau, the Chinese Kunlun station is considered to be one of the best ground-based photometric sites because of its extremely cold, dry, and stable atmosphere. A target can be monitored from there for over 40 days without diurnal interruption during a polar winter. This makes Kunlun station a perfect site to search for short-period transiting exoplanets. Since 2008, an observatory has existed at Kunlun station, and three telescopes are working there. Using these telescopes, the AST3 project has been carried out over the last 6 yr with a search for transiting exoplanets as one of its key programs (CHESPA). In the austral winters of 2016 and 2017, a set of target fields in the southern continuous viewing zone (CVZ) of TESS were monitored by the AST3-II telescope. In this paper, we introduce the CHESPA and present the first data release containing photometry of 26,578 bright stars (

). The best photometric precision at the optimum magnitude for the survey is around 2 mmag. To demonstrate the data quality, we also present a catalog of 221 variables with a brightness variation greater than 5 mmag from the 2016 data. Among these variables, 179 are newly identified periodic variables not listed in the AAVSO database (https://www.aavso.org/), and 67 are listed in the Candidate Target List. These variables will require careful attention to avoid false-positive signals when searching for transiting exoplanets. Dozens of new transiting exoplanet candidates will be released in a subsequent paper.
Type Ibn Supernovae May not all Come from Massive Stars
Authors: Hosseinzadeh Griffin , McCully Curtis , Zabludoff Ann I. , Arcavi Iair , French K. Decker , Howell D. Andrew , Berger Edo , Hiramatsu Daichi
Published: January 2019

Because core-collapse supernovae are the explosions of massive stars, which have relatively short lifetimes, they occur almost exclusively in galaxies with active star formation. On the other hand, the Type Ibn supernova PS1-12sk exploded in an environment that is much more typical of thermonuclear (Type Ia) supernovae: on the outskirts of the brightest elliptical galaxy in a galaxy cluster. The lack of any obvious star formation at that location presented a challenge to models of Type Ibn supernovae as the explosions of very massive Wolf–Rayet stars. Here we present a supplementary search for star formation at the site of PS1-12sk, now that the supernova has faded, via deep ultraviolet (UV) imaging of the host cluster with the Hubble Space Telescope. We do not detect any UV emission within 1 kpc of the supernova location, which allows us deepen the limit on star formation rate by an order of magnitude compared to the original study on this event. In light of this new limit, we discuss whether or not the progenitors of Type Ibn supernovae can be massive stars, and what reasonable alternatives have been proposed.
Millisecond Pulsars and the Gamma-Ray Excess in Andromeda
Authors: Fragione Giacomo , Antonini Fabio , Gnedin Oleg Y.
Published: January 2019

The Fermi Gamma-Ray Space Telescope has provided evidence for diffuse gamma-ray emission in the central parts of the Milky Way and the Andromeda galaxy. This excess has been interpreted either as dark-matter annihilation emission or as emission from thousands of millisecond pulsars (MSPs). We have recently shown that old massive globular clusters (GCs) may move toward the center of the Galaxy by dynamical friction and carry within them enough MSPs to account for the observed gamma-ray excess. In this Letter we revisit the MSP scenario for the Andromeda galaxy by modeling the formation and disruption of its GC system. We find that our model predicts gamma-ray emission ∼2–3 times larger than for the Milky Way, but still nearly an order of magnitude smaller than the observed Fermi excess in the Andromeda. Our MSP model can reproduce the observed excess only by assuming ∼8 times a larger number of old clusters than inferred from galaxy scaling relations. To explain the observations we require either that Andromeda deviates significantly from the scaling relations, or that a large part of its high-energy emission comes from additional sources.
Le conditionnel temporel subjectif et la possibilité prospective
Authors: Gosselin Laurent
Published: January 2019

Cet article traite de l’emploi dit « temporel subjectif » du conditionnel (p. ex. : Il savait que je viendrais ). Il expose d’abord les difficultés auxquelles se trouve confrontée l’analyse de cet emploi au moyen du concept de « possibilité prospective » (analyse proposée par Gosselin 1999 et dans le cadre de la sémantique du temps ramifié par Martin 1981, Vuillaume 2001 et Bres 2009). Il propose ensuite, dans ce cadre, une analyse nouvelle de la possibilité prospective, qui répond aux difficultés signalées et fournit de nouvelles prédictions sur la sémantique des énoncés au conditionnel subjectif.
Conditionnel, dialogisme et verbes factifs
Authors: Bres Jacques , Diwersy Sascha , Luxardo Giancarlo
Published: January 2019

L’article analyse l’usage temporel du conditionnel (présent) dans les constructions factives négatives {ne pas savoir / ne pas se douter / ignorer que}  + conditionnel, p. ex.  Ma fille ne se doutait pas que je passerais par là , qui semble invalider l’hypothèse selon laquelle l’ultériorité se calcule à partir d’une énonciation rapportée. L’étude sur corpus fait apparaître que le conditionnel, que l’on trouve dans les constructions factives positives dès l’ancien français, n’apparaît dans les tours factifs négatifs qu’au xvii e  siècle. Nous faisons l’hypothèse que, sur le chemin de la grammaticalisation de l’emploi subjectif initial en emploi objectif ( xix e  siècle), cette construction correspond à une étape de switch context , dans laquelle la valeur source subjective s’efface au profit de la valeur cible objective .
Évidentialité ou non-prise en charge ? Le cas du conditionnel épistémique en français. Une réanalyse
Authors: Dendale Patrick
Published: January 2019

Dans cet article, nous montrons que l’emploi du conditionnel que nous appelons « conditionnel épistémique 1 » (CE1) peut être considéré, de plein droit, par son sémantisme propre, comme un marqueur évidentiel de reprise. Nous montrons que la valeur de non-prise en charge qui lui est souvent associée comme position neutre du locuteur, parfois même comme le trait le plus important de sa signification en langue, n’est qu’une valeur seconde, dérivée, qui découle indirectement de sa valeur de reprise à autrui et qui peut parfaitement être annulée par des éléments du contexte.
Active Learning Outcomes on NCLEX-RN or Standardized Predictor Examinations: An Integrative Review
Authors: Shatto Bobbi , Shagavah Anne , Krieger Mary , Lutz Lauren , Duncan Cori E. , Wagner Emma K.
Published: January 2019

Background:

Despite research indicating that active learning pedagogies that allow more student interaction in the classroom are the most effective way of teaching for comprehension and retention of material, lecture methods are still the most prominent method of teaching in schools of nursing. Although an abundance of research has explored student satisfaction and active learning methods, few studies have examined these methods to determine how they may affect scores on the NCLEX-RN and standardized predictor examinations such as Health Education Systems, Inc., and Assessment Technology Institute examinations.

Method:

A comprehensive integrative review of teaching methods that used active learning and NCLEX-RN or predictor examinations identified nine publications.

Results:

NCLEX-RN and standardized predictor examination scores were higher when active learning methods were used compared with classrooms that used more traditional learning methods.

Conclusion:

Moving the focus from lecture-based to student-based learning in nursing courses may be the key to increasing scores on the NCLEX-RN and other predictor examinations.

[
J Nurs Educ
. 2019;58(1):42–46.]
Keeping It Contemporary: Ensuring Dynamism in an Online Population Health Course
Authors: Nersesian Paula V. , Spaulding Erin M. , Cudjoe Joycelyn , Starbird Laura E. , White Kathleen M. , Commodore-Mensah Yvonne
Published: January 2019

Background:

Population health is a dynamic area that nurses must grasp to meet the demands of the evolving health care system. Staying current on public health priorities, health policies, and population health analytic approaches poses a challenge for nurse educators.

Method:

This article describes strategies used by nurse educators in a prelicen-sure population health course for student engagement on contemporary population health issues and highlights opportunities to develop skills and build competencies to lead population health initiatives.

Results:

Innovations in course content, assignments, and evaluation strategies are useful in training nurses to thrive in health care systems addressing population health. Strategies to remain current on developments in the field promote population health competencies.

Conclusion:

Prelicensure nursing students can attain knowledge and skills in population health to prepare them to lead population health initiatives, analyze population-level data, provide care coordination, support complex patient groups, and optimize the use of research to promote evidence-based care.

[
J Nurs Educ.
2019;58(1):53–56.]
Changes in Astigmatism After Congenital Cataract Surgery and Foldable Intraocular Lens Implantation
Authors: Spierer Abraham , Bar-Sela Shai
Published: January 2019

ABSTRACT

Purpose: To evaluate the changes in astigmatism after cataract extraction and implantation of a foldable intraocular lens (IOL) in children. Only eyes with astigmatism of 3.0 D or more were included in the study.

Methods: The charts of children who had undergone surgery for nontraumatic cataract using a foldable IOL were retrospectively reviewed. In 13 eyes with astigmatism of 3.0 D or more, the refraction was tested and recorded at 1 week, 3 months, and 5 months postoperatively. A paired t test was used to compare the variables.

Results: Mean astigmatism 1 week postoperalively was 4.7 ± 1.9 D (range, 3.0-10.0 D). Thereafter, the astigmatic component of the refractive error underwent a spontaneous steady decline, reaching a mean value of 0.9 ± 0.9 D (range, 0-2.25 D) 5 months after surgery. The difference between the mean values at 1 week and 5 months was statistically significant (P < .0001).

Conclusion: Children who underwent congenital cataract surgery and IOL implantation showed a significant spontaneous reduction in astigmatism postoperatively.

J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus 2004;41:35-38.
Small Contact Surface Minified Wide-Angle Contact Lens for Pediatric Vitreous Surgery
Authors: Chalam Kakarla V , Shah Vinay A
Published: January 2019

Abstract. The wide-angle contact lens for pediatrie vitreous surgery is a modification of the existing wide-angle contact lens with a minified contact surface of 8.5 mm. The magnification is 0.387 and the field of view is 98°/127°. The lens facilitates performing complex pediatric vitreo-retinal procedures due to its small contact surface and wide field of view of the fundus. J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus 2004;41:109-111.
A Review of Cryptographic Algorithms for the Internet of Things
Authors: Masoodi Issmat Shah , Javid Bisma
Published: January 2019

There are various emerging areas in which profoundly constrained interconnected devices connect to accomplish specific tasks. Nowadays, internet of things (IoT) enables many low-resource and constrained devices to communicate, do computations, and make smarter decisions within a short period. However, there are many challenges and issues in such devices like power consumption, limited battery, memory space, performance, cost, and security. This chapter presents the security issues in such a constrained environment, where the traditional cryptographic algorithms cannot be used and, thus, discusses various lightweight cryptographic algorithms in detail and present a comparison between these algorithms. Further, the chapter also discusses the power awakening scheme and reference architecture in IoT for constrained device environment with a focus on research challenges, issues, and their solutions.
Research Funding and Its Influence on Academic Research Under China's University Governance System
Authors: Yang Xi , Li Huan , Chen Bing
Published: January 2019

One of the most important goals for universities in China today is to enhance research competence. Focusing on the role of research funding from government and non-government sectors, this chapter aims to examine research productivity under different governance systems. Based on a sample of faculty members from 30 public universities in China, it describes how various university governance systems influence scientific research in different ways. A bureaucratic governance system increases the amount of government funding, which contributes to academic publications and patents. Whereas, a collegial governance model has a lesser effect on non-government funding, which could promote patenting and technology transfer. The findings indicate several policy implications regarding the reform of research management and university governance in China.
The Counselor System Under the Perspective of Chinese University Governance
Authors: Jiang Cheng , Li Meng , Luo Yao
Published: January 2019

The university counselor system, an essential part of the development of college students, is the mainstay of quality-oriented education and modern management. This chapter focuses on the Chinese university counselor system and the relationship between the system and university governance. The chapter probes into the features and dilemmas of modern Chinese university governance, discusses the content and historical development of the Chinese university counselor system, and proposes ideas on how to learn from the advantages of similar systems in European countries and the USA from a comparative perspective. This chapter analyzes the effect of the Chinese counselor system on the university governance system from the perspective of Chinese university governance, including the positive effect of the system on university stakeholders' governance and modern university governance. Then, the chapter discusses suggested improvements for the university counselor system, and puts forward some suggestions, including moral education, role definition, and professionalization.
Towards Good Governance of an Entrepreneurial University
Authors: Yao Wei , Weng Mosi , Ye Tiange
Published: January 2019

Based on Burton Clark's five pathways of university entrepreneurial transformation, this chapter aims to demonstrate Zhejiang University's vivid transformation from a research university into an entrepreneurial university. This chapter will consider ZJU's most representative organizational reforms including personnel system, academic governance system, and technology transfer system reforms and further illustrate the logic behind these reforms. First, it will assess the integration of entrepreneurial abilities with academic research abilities, focusing on how to stimulate academic productivity and how to connect academic production and technology transfer. Second, it will look at the integration of basic research and application research, and how the research loop is made possible. Last, the integration of research and talent cultivation will be assessed, translating “research advantage” into “teaching advantage.” It is essential that the university possesses “good governance” to promote entrepreneurial transformation which makes the most of organizational and institutional reforms.
Fostering Academic Citizenship With a Shared Leadership Approach
Authors: Zinner Lucas
Published: January 2019

What type of leadership is the most successful in persuading academics to contribute to the multifaceted mission of modern universities? Recent reforms, in which universities have achieved different levels of institutional autonomy, were accompanied by the establishment of new public management (NPM) methods that allow governments to steer the system more effectively. Central management was strengthened, while values such as collegiality received little attention. The reforms have also fostered an exchange between universities and other actors in terms of networked governance. Using the example of doctoral studies, this chapter shows that there is evidence for both NPM and networked governance. Their perception depends on the role of academics in the reform process and partly undermined the commitment of academics to the system. Thus, to address the modernization of university management while (re-)strengthening the commitment of academics, the chapter proposes a shared leadership model that integrates the emphasis on values and participation to stimulate academic citizenship.
Between Academic Self-Governance and State Control
Authors: Svetlik Ivan
Published: January 2019

This chapter presents the model of university governance at the University of Ljubljana. Basic information on the university and its history is given at the beginning. The chapter continues with the description of the university governing bodies and procedures, and with the national system of higher education governance which significantly shapes the institutional governance. The presentation is based on the University of Ljubljana and national documents, and on the author's introspection being rector of the university in the period 2013–2017. Referring to some recent scientific publications, the chapter concludes with the discussion on the governing dilemmas and responses to the existing University of Ljubljana governance model which may be described as an amalgam where the primary tension exists between academic self-governance and the state-centered elements. This tension could be expressed as a permanent struggle for greater autonomy within the university and for control of the university by the state and other external stakeholders.
Institutional Attitudes Towards Research-Related Academic Integrity in Recently Internationalizing Higher Education Institutions
Authors: Ergenç Ceren , Emil Serap
Published: January 2019

Higher education systems throughout the world are mostly based on the institutions and values of the Western education system. World university ranking systems, quality assurance mechanisms, assessment frameworks, promotion, and evaluation systems are universalized. Many universities in developing countries have now joined these ranking systems and introduced vigorous faculty promotion criteria to create world-class universities. Research reveals that those who publish in predatory journals are mostly young and inexperienced researchers from developing countries. China and Turkey are among the countries frequently associated with predatory journals and related academic corruption schemes. In this chapter, both regulations and discourses that shape the institutional cultures in these two countries that are in close cooperation with the EU regarding higher education are examined. It is concluded that there is a global diffusion of rules and values, and national identity construction processes influence actual practices.
From Chaos to Order
Authors: Abusaada Hisham , Elshater Abeer
Published: January 2019

This chapter uses the term urban chaos as an alternative to words such as anarchy, randomness, and disorder. It expresses the visual and behavioral failure that describes a property that was not taken into consideration when dealing with the theme of hardship cities. The terms livability and quality of life focus on measuring functional, social, economic, and political indicators, ignoring visual and behavioral indicators as not essential for creating cities of hardship. This work presents two concepts, chaos city (CC) and order city (OC) based on the reviews of livability, quality of life, and the writings of Christopher Alexander, to demonstrate the lack of standards of livability to the visual and behavioral indicators. The addition of these indicators helps to classify cities of hardship from the perspective of the relationship between chaos and order and tries to provide guidelines and proposed action plan related to urban policies (UP) that enable the transformation of CC to OC.