bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
On the Poetics of Titles in I. A. Bunin’s Poetic Heritage
Authors:   Voronezh State University, Berdnikova Olga A.
Published: December 2020

This article considers I. A. Bunin’s poetic oeuvre from the point of view of title poetics in order to identify the main patterns and author’s strategies in working with the title complex. The methodology is based on the correlation of the title with the text, subtext, and metatext of the poem, taking into account textual refinements. In Bunin’s principle of working with the title complex, there is a noticeable striving for accuracy and at the same time for a metaphorical semantic comprehensiveness that includes existential, natural, and cultural constants. Thus, the main features of Bunin’s poetics of titles are changes in the titles of one text, removal of titles and dedications, repetition of titles in two or more poems, combination of the theme and genre in a number of titles, and the addressing factor. In recurring titles, the researcher finds key images of Bunin’s poetry that include him in the Russian poetic tradition. However, a tendency to modernism is also noticeable in Bunin’s poetry in the titles of poems that contain Bunin’s philosophical and poetical reflection. The titles of such poems refer to the theme of death and often contain the words “grave” / “tomb”, but the text of the poem enters into an antinomic relationship with the title, i.e. a person belonging to the “world of art”, culture, and tradition (myth and religious tradition) has already ascended over the world and is doomed to immortality. The removal of titles as a strong position in texts on political topics shifts the reader’s attention from the temporary to the eternal and metahistorical, which is found in the text itself and clarifies the author’s position.
Names of Russian Charity: idem vs. alium
Authors:   Ural Federal University, Surikova Olesya D. ,   V. V. Vinogradov Russian Language Institute RAS
Published: December 2020

This paper provides a linguistic analysis of abstract nouns belonging to the lexical-semantic field “Gratuitous Assistance to the Needy” and denoting the situation of charitable activities in general — благотворительность, донорство, меценатство, and филантропия. All of them are synonyms; they are defined through each other in dictionary entries and are often used as absolute equivalents. This impedes uncontradictory terminologisation of the language of charity and complicates the justification of the legal framework for this activity. The author aims to distinguish these words by using historical and explanatory dictionaries of the Russian language, dictionaries of synonyms of the Russian language, and The National Corpus of the Russian Language. This helps to determine the semantic scope, context compatibility, and conditions of the textual functioning of these words. The author concludes that the core position in the structure of the lexical-semantic field “Gratuitous Assistance to the Needy” is occupied by the originally Russian word благотворительность, which has a high usage frequency, denotes any gratuitous assistance, and has polar connotations, both positive and negative. Other terms occupy the periphery — either because of a narrower meaning (меценатство), or due to a limited scope of use (филантропия, донорство). The frequency of lexemes that refer to charitable activities increases during periods of social and economic stability, the establishment of better international relations, and decreases when society is forced to deal with serious problems. The intensive growth in the use of these words has been observed in the Russian media space since the mid-1980s and is still growing, which occurs due to the international actualisation of charitable activities and social responsibility trend.
Language of Russian Charity: Verbs
Authors:   Ural Federal University, Kuchko Valeria S. ,   Institute of Slavic Studies RAS
Published: December 2020

This article studies Russian verbs which name the action of gratuitous material assistance to those in need, i.e. благотворить, благотворительствовать, благодетельствовать, меценатствовать, жертвовать, спонсировать, and their few derivatives. The author focuses on the history of their origin and use in the Russian language, the development of their meanings, semantic features, and functioning in the text. The analysis of these characteristics of the life of the word in the language allows the author to identify and formulate some norms of the use of these verbs in modern charity discourse for those who speak and write about charity. The study is based on historical and modern lexicographic sources, such as explanatory dictionaries of the Old Slavic Language, Old Russian Language, Russian language of different time periods, as well as examples of word usage, retrieved from The National Corpus of the Russian Language. In spite of the fact that the verbs studied realise the predicate of a situation of charity and designate the subject’s action of providing a poor or deprived object with material support, they considerably differ in terms of time of their appearance in the language, periods of usage, and semantic capacity. The analysis demonstrates that there is no verb that could claim the status of a nuclear verbal lexeme of the semantic field of charity: the word with the widest neutral semantics благотворить has almost fallen out of use, the verbs благодетельствовать and меценатствовать have a narrower application, while жертвовать imposes semantic restrictions on the choice of words for the positions of the object and the instrument of charity, and in the case of the verb спонсировать a specific context of “market” charity is important, in which the subject receives a certain benefit from their contribution.
COVID-19 PANDEMİSİ EVDE KAL UYGULAMASI: TOPLUMUN TUTUM VE DAVRANIŞLARI
Authors: KILIÇ Mahmut , USLUKILIÇ Güllü , OK Şerife
Published: December 2020

Amaç: Covid-19 salgınını kontrol altına almak amacıyla “Evde Kal” uygulanması yapılmaktadır. Çalışmanın amacı, evde kal uygulamasına yönelik toplumun tutum ve davranışlarını belirlemektir.

Gereç ve yöntemler: Bu çalışma, elektronik ortamda online olarak 2-6 Nisan 2020 tarihlerinde 18-64 yaş grubu arasında yapılmıştır. Araştırmaya 512 kişi katılmış, 4-6 Nisan tarihlerinde anket dolduran 18-20 yaş grubuna ait veriler çıkarıldıktan sonra 481 anket değerlendirmeye alınmıştır. Veriler Binary Lojistik Regresyon (BLR) analizi ile değerlendirilmiştir.

Bulgular: Araştırmaya katılanların %64.2’si kadın, %63.6’sı evli, %50.5’i lisans mezunu, yaş aralığı 18-64 olup yaş ortalaması 33.7±9.6’dır. Araştırmaya katılanların %32.3’ü evden dışarı çıkmadığını, %67.2’si ihtiyaçları için fırına-markete gittiğini, %5.6’sı yakın akrabaları ile bir araya geldiğini belirtmiştir. Evden çıkmak zorunda kalınması durumunda %64.4’ü sosyal mesafeye uyduğunu ve %47.6’sı maske taktığını belirtmiştir. Dışarıdan eve gelindiğinde %85.0’i ellerini yıkadığını, %76.7’si banyoya giderek kıyafetlerini çıkardığını, %41.2’si banyo yaptığını belirtmiştir. İş yerine gidenlerin yaklaşık yarısı iş arkadaşlarıyla (%47.9) ve iş yerine gelen diğer insanlarla (%48.5) sosyal mesafeyi koruduğunu, %35.2’si maske ve %26.7’si eldiven taktığını belirtmiştir. BLR analizine göre; evden çıkmama olasılığı kadınlarda ve çalışmayanlarda; maske takma olasılığı eğitim seviyesi düştük olanlarda ve çalışanlarda; sosyal mesafeye uyma olasılığı eğitim seviyesi yüksek olanlarda daha yüksek olarak saptanmıştır (p
A note Computation of Multivariate Control Limits: The Bootstrap Approach
Authors: Ikpotokin Osayomore , Siloko Israel Uzuazor , Ehiemua Michael
Published: December 2020

This work focuses on how to set control limits that will best identify signals in multivariate control charts. In any production process, every product is aimed to attain a certain standard, but the presence of assignable cause of variability affects our process thereby leading to low quality of product. However, the problem involved in the use of multivariate control chart is the violation of multivariate normal assumption. The first method develops bootstrap procedures to determine Hotelling's \(T^{2}\) control limits for detecting large shift. The second method develops bootstrap procedures for obtaining Multivariate Exponentially-Weighted Moving Average (BMEWMA) control limits for identifying small shift. Results from a performance study shows that the proposed methods enable the setting of control limits that can enhance the detection of out of control signals
Unsupervised learning from a phone opinion poll in Mali
Authors: Guindo Sidiki , Akakpovi Carlos
Published: December 2020

In the earlier days of COVID-19 pandemic outbreak in Mali, we conducted, through the GISSE polling institute, an opinion poll in order to assess the opinions, behaviors and appreciations of the policies carried out by the government with the population. The aim is also to assess the consequences of COVID-19 on school education and household income. Here, we report the first preliminary report of our findings
A note on Stepwise Conﬁdence Procedure for Toxicological Evaluation Under Unknown and Unequal variances
Authors: Adjabui Michael Jackson
Published: December 2020

In this article, we propose stepwise confidence set procedure for toxicity evaluation based on ratio of means difference under unknown and unequal variance across dose groups. The procedure is based on construction of confidence interval at various dose levels without multiplicity adjustment so that the familywise type one error (FWER) will be well-controlled. The results from our simulation study indicate that the FWER was properly control in the case with balanced design but failed in some cases of sample sizes for situations of unbalanced design. Also, the power of the procedure increases with increasing with mean of ratio differences and the sample sizes COVID-19 is the disease caused by the novel coranavirus, which outbreaked in one community, Wuhan
As indicações goegráficas do Mundo para o Brasil: A construção do conceito brasileiro
Authors:   Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro – UERJ, MARCEL D’ALEXANDRIA
Published: December 2020

Compreende-se que diversas regiões ganham noteriedade na produção de um determinado produto ou pela prestação de um serviço. Champangne e Cognac na França, Parma na Itália, Vale dos Vinhedos e Canastra no Brasil, são exemplos de regiões que tornaram-se referência por um produto. No ensejo de preservar a singularidade, o saber fazer, a tradição em se produzir é que surgem as Indicações Geográficas. Este artigo tem como objetivo apresentar todos os eventos que corroboraram com a construção do conceito de Indicação Geográfica no Brasil. Para tal, o referido artigo apresenta uma revisão teórica do tema, apresentando a definição atual, bem como panorama de Indicações Geográficas no Brasil.
Inventariação do património geomorfológico cárstico do Parque Nacional da Furna Feia (RN, Brasil) como proposta para uso geoturístico
Authors:   Universidade do Estado do Rio Grande do Norte – UERN, Alves Jessica , Medeiros Wendson
Published: December 2020

As formas de relevo que possuem valor patrimonial, constituintes do geopatrimónio e, em específico, do Património Geomorfológico, detêm um conjunto de valores no qual se destacam o aspeto científico e o apelo cênico, que as tornam atrativas para o desenvolvimento da atividade geoturística, quando há a motivação de não apenas visitar, mas de conhecer as origens e modos de evolução da formação geomorfológica visitada. Com uma grande variedade de formas do relevo que estão relacionados à paisagem cárstica, o Parque Nacional da Furna Feia possui um elevado potencial para o desenvolvimento do geoturismo, pela presença de feições exocársticas e endocársticas significativas em âmbito local e regional. Diante disso, o trabalho teve como objetivo inventariar o património geomorfológico cárstico do Parque Nacional da Furna Feia como proposta para o uso geoturístico. A partir do processo de inventariação, foi possível identificar quatro Geomorfossítios de alto potencial que integram um património geomorfológico cárstico de grande relevância para o desenvolvimento do geoturismo, que por sua vez, a partir do seu desenvolvimento, poderão vir a fortalecer estratégias de geoconservação e subsidiar o desenvolvimento local sustentável, mediante a inclusão e participação das comunidades locais, além de proporcionar a popularização dos conceitos relacionados à conservação da geodiversidade.
Comportamento da temperatura de superfície em Braga e Guimarães no decorrer da onda de calor de julho de 2010
Authors:   Universidade do Minho, Departamento de Geografia, Pinheiro Catarina de Almeida ,   CEGOT - Centro de Estudos de Geografia e Ordenamento do Território, Laranjeira Maria Manuela , Bandeira Miguel
Published: December 2020

As projeções climáticas apontam para um aumento da duração, frequência e intensidade das ondas de calor no Sul da Europa. Nos espaços urbanos a situação é ainda mais problemática, por causa do efeito da ilha de calor que exacerba as suas consequências. Sem embargo, pouco se sabe do comportamento das áreas urbanas perante esta anomalia climática, e particularmente como evolui a temperatura das diferentes superfícies (impermeáveis ou não) nestes dias de calor extremo. Neste cômputo, recorre-se a uma abordagem integrada da Deteção Remota (i.e., MODIS-Terra e MODIS-Aqua) com os Sistema de Informação Geográfica para estudar o comportamento do ambiente térmico superficial nos municípios de Braga e de Guimarães no decorrer da onda de calor de 23 a 30 de julho de 2010. Os resultados evidenciam que as variações no ambiente térmico ocorrem de modo gradual, coincidindo o pico da temperatura de superfície (Ts) com o dia com a temperatura do ar mais elevada. O processamento integrado das imagens MODIS patenteia bem que o centro urbano de Braga constitui uma área crítica em todos os horários, ao passo que Guimarães aparece relativamente mais fresco. Concluindo, os efeitos da onda de calor são assimétricos do ponto de vista temporal (i.e., nos diferentes horários do MODIS) e espacial, em função da cobertura do solo e da posição topográfica. Atendendo ao atual contexto de alterações climáticas esta informação revela-se indispensável na definição de políticas urbanas indutoras de um território ambiental e socialmente resiliente.
Development of the Russian Fulfillment Services Market as a Result of Growth of Online Commerce
Authors: Kholmovsky Stanislav
Published: December 2020

Growth of online commerce market volume preconditions both the quantitative and qualitative changes in organizing logistic activities of the market players. Strengthening of competition on the market, increasing the number of small and medium-sized online retailers compel the companies to decrease their logistic costs. On of the effective ways of optimizing the expenses, especially at the stage of coming on the market, is using services of the fulfilment operators. The article substantiates development of the fulfillment services on the Russian market by rapid increase of the online sales, determines the major and additional services performed by the companies in this sphere of activity. It analyses the main prospects of developing the electronic commerce market in Russia. The article considers the potential risks and advantages of the companies transfer of a part or all their logistic competences to the outsourcing of the fulfilment operators. It carries out a research of the major obstacles in developing the Russian fulfilment infrastructure. It determines the business opportunities in developing the fulfilment services market.
ТРАНСФОРМАЦИЯ РИТУАЛОВ В УСЛОВИЯХ РАЗВИТИЯ ИНТЕРНЕТ-ТЕХНОЛОГИЙ
Authors: Синютин Александр Александрович
Published: December 2020

Целью исследования является обоснование влияния современных информационных технологий на изменения в ритуальных практиках в ходе осуществления церемониально-ритуальных действий, в частности, на интерпретацию смысла бракосочетания в современной массовой культуре.Методологическую базу исследования составляют социологическая теория моностилистической и полистилистической культуры Л. Г. Ионина, теория интерактивного ритуала И. Гоффмана, идеи известных мыслителей современности У. Эко, Ю. Хабермаса, необходимые для осмысления рассматриваемой проблематики. Исследование также базируется на исследованиях ритуала российского ученого А. К. Байбурина, а также на ряде современных работ российских ученых, рассматривающих трансформацию ритуалов в контексте развития интернет-технологий.Результаты исследования. Переход к полистилизму в производстве культурных форм, демонополизация сферы творчества культурных норм, расширение технических условий для культурного творчества граждан независимо от уровня их культурной компетенции, активное включение в эту деятельность широкого слоя пользователей сети Интернет — все эти словия приводят к выхолащиванию сакрального ядра культурных ритуалов. В разрушенииритуалов такого рода активно участвуют большей частью представители молодых поколений — пользователи сети Интернет, но при этом ритуал сохраняется как внешняя форма повседневной деятельности — как церемониала или как стереотипной формы поведения в конкретных ситуациях.Перспективу исследования составляет дальнейший социологический анализ трансформации ритуалов в современном информационном обществе.
ДЕТЕРМИНАНТЫ И САМОДЕТЕРМИНАНТЫ ОБЩЕСТВЕННОЙ ЖИЗНИ В РОССИЙСКОМ ОБЩЕСТВЕ
Authors: Крольман Марианна Львовна , Косарева Елена Станиславовна , Дементьев Сергей Александрович
Published: December 2020

социальный класс с другими группами.

Результаты исследования. Введение в исследовательский дискурс и детерминант и самодетерминант общественной жизни согласно позиции автора означает сохранение традиции социального детерминизма, несмотря на деконструктивизм социального постмодерна. Сложность исследовательской ситуации состоит в том, что в концептуальном самодвижении требуется выработать позицию взаимообусловленности, взаимозаивисимости общественной жизни на основе определения детерминант как объективированных результатов деятельности людей, а самодетерминант – как субъектного выбора моделей социального действия в рамках возможностей, трактуемых, как детерминанты общественной жизни. Авторы приходят к вводу, что на современном этапе в российском обществе отмечается возникновение новых связей и отношений, как следствие информационной и индивидной революции в общественной жизни.

Перспективы исследования. Важным выводом можно считать введение в социально-философский дискурс детерминант и самодетерминант общественной жизни, и этот концепт может быть использован в дальнейших социально-философских исследованиях.
TOMSK AMATEUR FILMMAKERS' FILM PRODUCTION AS A PROSUMER PRACTICE
Authors:   Tomsk State University (Tomsk, Russian Federation), Savelieva Elena N. , Budenkova Valeriya E. ,   Tomsk State University (Tomsk, Russian Federation), Presnyakova Alexandra V. ,   Tomsk State University (Tomsk, Russian Federation)
Published: December 2020

Regional amateur film production is discussed in the article. The specifics of this phenomenon are determined by two factors: the territorial affiliation and the unprofessional nature the amateur filmmakers activities making films outside the official film studios systems. The spread of film ama-teurism in the 21st century is driven by the development of digital technologies that simplify the film production process. However, the place and importance of amateur filmmakers in modern culture are not adequately investigated, which actualizes this study. The purpose of the article is to reveal the specifics of the production and artistic activities of Tomsk amateur directors. The author's hypothesis is that regional cinema is not only a form of amateur creativity but also prosumers activity. The novelty of the study is determined, firstly, by the attention to the film industry of the Tomsk region, secondly, the original author's approach, considering the activities of amateur directors in the context of the new production paradigm of prosumerism. The methodological basis of the study is the sociocultural approach, film appreciation and study of empiric material (short features, indie cinema, documentary, web-series). The study is constructed as follows: signs, which point to the prosumer character of the Tomsk cinema environ is identified. As a result a set of assertions confirming the involvement of amateur film makers in new forms of DIY practices is formulated. 1) Amateur filmmakers multifunctional activities redound to the blurring of the distinction between production and consumption. 2) It is not in doubt, that is voluntary labor, but the fact that it is unpaid labor is not an essential condition, due to the large economic costs of film production. 3) For Tomsk's amateur directors an unstructured and decentralized organization of the production process is typical. 4) Almost all filmmakers have their own or given means of production. 5) The product specifics (film text) are determined by the individual optics of the author and by his regional belonging. 6) The transformative role of film amateurism is expressed in influencing the identity of its participants and in shaping the cultural identity of the region. The authors conclude that the activity of Tomsk's amateur film production contributes to the cul-tural specifics of the region, influences the development of regional identity, and contributes to the formation of new social ties. This non-profit environ based on the personal enthusiasm of people inter-ested in creative self-realization leads to the prosumers practice extension as a way to overcome the negative manifestations of a consumer society.
GRAPHIC DESIGN PROCESS: CONTEXT OF IMPLEMENTATION
Authors:   Omsk State Technical University (Omsk, Russian Federation), Ovchinnikova Raisa Yu.
Published: December 2020

The article shows that the study of design process as a special activity in graphic design is an art history problem and requires special research methods. It is scientific methodology that makes it pos-sible to achieve reliability in art history knowledge. Attention is drawn to the fact that since the 1960s the methodology of systems theory and activity theory has been a keynote for the development of the design process knowledge in various schools of graphic design. This methodology meets academic criteria and has not lost its value in our days. Based on the principles of this methodology the article analyzes different types of the graphic design process. The objective processes associated with the use of computer technologies in design appear to be the norm and the paradigm of functioning in modern graphic design. Thus, the idea of existence of numerous computer-aided design types is justified. The design objectives of diverse complexity serve here as criteria. On the basis of these objectives traditional, original, and innovative designs are out-lined and comparatively analyzed in the article. It is noted that computer technologies, first, act as an effective tool for the implementation of the forms envisioned by the designer. Second, a computer can be regarded as a creative partner, an agent. Computer technologies possess a unique set of properties and features that open up new opportunities for a creative practice in the field of graphic design. The boundaries of the design practice are changing, and new areas of collective creativity are being estab-lished. In this case the graphic design process is a process that involves efforts of many people. So, individual creativity of professional designers appears to be replaced by the collaboration of interdisci-plinary experts. It is also noted that the growth of computer-aided technologies is too fast for graphic designers to develop a theoretical understanding of them. It results in the duality of assessing the role of methodol-ogy and experience in the graphic design process. On the one hand, the use of design methodology improves efficiency of the design process in comparison with the approach based on experience. On the other hand, there occurs the “extraction” of methodology from the design practice. Research meth-ods of the graphic design process are created under the influence of not only intradisciplinary process-es but also with a view to the messages from other areas of academic knowledge. An example is the use of synergy as a special way of understanding empirical facts accumulated in various fields of aca-demic knowledge. Namely, computer-aided design reveals the non-linearity, a large variety of forms. Herewith, any calculations applied to a huge number of graphic elements change the visual result, creating a new version of the form. It is noted that the use of high-tech computer technologies is quite specific about training designers.
ANTHROPOLOGY PROLETARIAN PHYSICALITY: THE IDEOLOGICAL STRATEGY OF CONSUMPTION OF SUFFERING AND DEATH IN THE CULTURAL TRADITIONS OF THE AMERICAN HORROR FILM
Authors:   Yaroslav-the-Wise Novgorod State University (Veliky Novgorod, Russian Federation), Malenko Sergey A. , Nekita Andrey G. ,   Yaroslav-the-Wise Novgorod State University (Veliky Novgorod, Russian Federation)
Published: December 2020

Purpose. The article analyzes the strategy of sublimation of the corporeality of bourgeois pro-duction into the artistic tradition of the American horror film as a specific, visual mythology and psy-chosomatic consumer ideology of modern mass culture. Theoretical basis. The key methodology is the principle of interdisciplinary and cross-cultural, psychoanalytic research, developed and tested by the team of authors in a number of scientific papers. The applied scientific and practical approach made it possible to carry out an original, complex, com-parative analysis of symbolic interpretations of the tradition of American horror films in various spheres of socio-cultural practice. Carried out interdisciplinary study of the phenomenology of horror, makes it possible to isolate ideologically significant images sublimated in more than a century of the tradition of American horror films. Originality. The anthropological mechanism of sublimation of the proletarian physicality formed in a bosom of classical capitalist production is opened. Its essence is the unconscious attitude to the perception of bodily suffering and death as inevitable and “natural” companions of the worker's production image and guarantee of its demand in the labor market. At the same time, intensive tech-nologization of production is accompanied by a sharp inflation in the value of physical labor. At the same time, the persisting attitude to bodily suffering requires the appearance of its new forms, displac-ing the “physical” into the “visual”. It was the American horror movies most adequately perform the social order of government and business, subliming bodily suffering in the most profitable art forms. This is how the figurative and symbolic mythology of horror films is constructed, which commercial-izes the artificially formed psychosomatic dependence of the layman on the consumption of bodily suffering and death. The active popularization of horror mythology visualizes the ideology of the “American way of life”, lobbies the practice of ousting competing cultural genres and traditions, and lays the foundations of westernized post – industrial civilization – post-human, post-teles and digital world. Conclusions. Under the conditions of widespread degradation of the production type of civiliza-tion, the technology of sublimation of active attitude to the world into visual forms of its consumer destruction was formed, the driving forces of which (collective in form and individual in ways of expe-rience) were American horror films. They most adequately represent a new artistic and anthropological reality, the contours of which are so clearly drawn by the human body, the exhausted profile of power and production standards.
The New G20 Politics of Global Economic Governance
Authors:   Graduate School of International Peace Studies, Soka University, Luckhurst Jonathan
Published: December 2020

This article demonstrates how the Group of Twenty (G20) constituted a new G20 politics following the 2008–09 global financial crisis through practices of networked global economic governance. This increased the influence of actors other than officials from leading wealthy states, especially developing- and non-state actors, thus augmenting global governance inclusivity and decentralizing authority. The G20 became the principal hub of global economic governance by influencing and engaging with diverse stakeholders on its broad policy agenda. These networked-governance processes expanded aspects of multilateral cooperation, including transversal approaches to policy issues such as sustainable development. This analysis builds on recent literature on transnational actors, governance networks, and the G20; contributes to emerging constructivist literature on the normative significance of practices and social-relational processes in international relations; and includes a significant discourse-analytic focus on repoliticization and legitimizing discourses. This study indicates, in particular, the political and normative consequences of G20 inclusivity practices for integrating global governance networks.
Filling Global Governance Gaps in Cybersecurity: International and European Legal Perspectives
Authors:   Leuven Centre for Global Governance Studies and Institute for International Law, KU Leuven and Fellow of Research Foundation – Flanders (FWO), Verhelst Anne , Wouters Jan ,   Director of the Leuven Centre for Global Governance Studies and Institute for International Law, KU Leuven
Published: December 2020

The many recent cyber incidents have shown how cybersecurity has entered the realm of international relations. Several international organizations have taken cybersecurity policy initiatives, notably the United Nations (UN) and the European Union (EU). Both organizations aspire to a leading role in enhancing cybersecurity resilience. To date, however, these initiatives have not resulted in much regulation. This article examines which factors make lawmaking and the regulation of cybersecurity difficult at the international level, and whether some of these impediments are shared at the EU legislative level. Are difficulties in regulating cybersecurity embedded in the normative processes at the UN or the EU, or are they inherent to the high-tech phenomenon of cyber? As for the UN, the article looks at the work of the UN Group of Governmental Experts (GGE). While previous reports of the UN GGE seemed to point to an emerging international opinio juris, recent developments in the UN General Assembly (UNGA) show a strongly divided international community. At the EU level, the article discusses the two main legislative initiatives on cybersecurity that have seen the light of day: the 2016 Directive on Network and Information Security and the 2019 Regulation on the EU Cybersecurity Act.
Регулирование языкового ландшафта в российских городах: многоязычие и неравенство
Authors: Баранова Влада Вячеславовна , Федорова Капитолина Сергеевна
Published: December 2020

В статье анализируется языковая политика в России с точки зрения языкового ландшафта, т. е. письменного использования языка(ков) в публичном пространстве. Языковая политика при этом понимается как вся совокупность мер, направленных на языковые практики, акторами которых могут быть официальные власти, бизнес-структуры и граждане. Изучение языковой политики проводится в двух аспектах. С одной стороны, рассматриваются законодательные и нормативные акты различных уровней, регламентирующие использование русского языка, других языков народов Российской Федерации и иностранных языков. С другой стороны, анализируются данные по языковому ландшафту конкретных российских городов, для которых характерны различные варианты многоязычной коммуникации (крупные города, привлекающие туристов и мигрантов; города, расположенные в национальных республиках; пограничные города). Выделяются основные тенденции в регулировании языкового ландшафта на уровне законодательства и на уровне повседневных практик. На фоне сохранения довольно жесткой монолингвальной идеологии, происходит постепенный рост языкового разнообразия в языковом ландшафте практически всех обследованных российских городов. Этот рост затрагивает как миноритарные языки РФ, так и иностранные языки, направленные на различные группы приезжих – туристов и трудовых мигрантов. Законодательство при этом может становиться инструментом, используемым различными группами активных граждан в интересах продвигаемого ими языка. Однако в ряде случаев, касающихся, прежде всего, пограничных зон, монолингвальный уклон языковой политики продолжает сохраняться и даже усиливается. В целом, неполная репрезентация иных языков, помимо русского, в публичном пространстве, отражает и закрепляет неравенство, существующее между носителями этих языков и русскоязычного монолингвального большинства. В статье обосновывается необходимость дальнейших кросс-региональных исследований языковой политики и языкового ландшафта для понимания изменений, происходящих в современном мире.
Knowledge, Power, and Trust: The Role of Experts in Russia’s Migration Regime
Authors: Глатте Юлия
Published: December 2020

This article examines the role of experts in the field of migration policy in an authoritarian environment and their collaboration with the state in times of crisis. While much of the literature on migration policy-making in Russia focuses on patron-client relationships between state and business, little is known about the collaboration of state actors and experts. Therefore, this paper provides an overview of the main migration experts and shows the conditions under which they are involved in migration policy. Despite various forms of collaboration, expert policy networks are strictly controlled by Russia’s authoritarian state. Measures of control include the sanctioning of foreign financing, a weak culture of dialogue, non-transparent political decisions, the absence of institutionalized political competition and an extremely personalized system of interaction that places experts in a relationship of dependence, thus preventing substantial criticism of political decisions and forcing loyalty. Since 2016, the conditions under which experts are involved in migration policy have become even more limited. It is argued that the reasons for the change are linked to a threefold loss of trust in the expertise of non-state actors, in particular, international organizations. This loss of trust can be explained firstly by a collision of the long-term logic of expert advice with the short-term crisis management of the state; secondly by a dynamic that followed from the institutional restructuring of the Federal Migration Service that dissolved long-standing personal relationships between experts and officials; and thirdly by a general loss of trust in Western policy solutions and liberal norms in the management of migration (crises).
Erysiphe paradoxa: A Newly Reported Powdery Mildew on Acer monspessulanum in Turkey
Authors: KABAKTEPE Şanlı , AKATA Ilgaz , SEVİNDİK Mustafa
Published: December 2020

Aim of the study: The current study aims to contribute Turkish powdery mildews by adding newly recorded fungus.

Area of study: The northern slopes of Derebağ waterfall was the study area located within the borders of Derebağ Town (Yahyalı/Kayseri/Turkey) district in the northeast of Aladağlar.

Material and methods: Infected maple specimens were collected from the field on October 14, 2015 and brought the laboratory for identification studies. Morphological structures were examined using both simple light microscope and scanning electron microscope (SEM). The identified samples were deposited in Inonu University Herbarium (INU).

Main results: Erysiphe paradoxa was recorded for the first time from Turkey.

Highlights: Erysiphe paradoxa was reported on Acer monspessulanum. E. paradoxa was a new record for Turkish powdery mildews. E. paradoxa samples collected from Turkey were the third report in the World.
Coding Structure for the ORF1ab, S, M and N Coronavirus Genes
Authors: Chaley M.B. , Tyulko Zh.S. , Kutyrkin V.A.
Published: December 2020

Spectral-statistical approach was applied to comparative analysis of coronavirus genomes from the four genus Alphacoronavirus, Betacoronavirus (including new SARS-CoV-2 virus), Gammacoronavirus and Deltacoronavirus. This analysis was done from the point of view of 3-regularity and latent triplet profile periodicity existence in the coding sequences of four structural genes: ORF1ab encoding transcriptase; S-gene of glycoprotein forming spikes; M-gene of membrane protein; N-gene of nucleoprotein. A whole number of the genomes analyzed was equal to 3410. Gene numbers in each of the four groups in the study respectively were the same. In the result, practically, in the CDSs of all analyzed genes of ORF1ab, S and N the latent profile triplet periodicity was revealed and high value of 3-regularity index, being a quality estimate of coding triplet structure conservation, was determined. On the contrary, for coding structure of M-genes a tendency was revealed to diffuse up to homogeneity for 60 % of the genes in the genomes of alphacoronaviruses analyzed and for 67 % of the genes of the gammacoronaviruses. Tendency of the such structure diffusion, being accompanied by decrease of 3-regularity index average value in comparison with other genes, while the triplet profile periodicity remains saved, was also noted for M-genes of SARS-CoV-2 viruses. Probably, this tendency reflects a significance of M-genes variability in coronavirus adaptation to the novel hosts of genus. Analysis of 3-profile periodicity matrices of the four groups of SARS-CoV-2 genes considered in the work, for the viruses isolated in Europe, Asia and USA, did not revealed their significant difference, that is allowing to propose a single source of this virus propagation.
RDBMS and NOSQL Based Hybrid Technology for Transcriptome Data Structuring and Processing
Authors: Mukhin A.M. , Genaev M.A. , Rasskazov D.A. , Lashin S.A. , Afonnikov D.A.
Published: December 2020

The transcriptome sequencing experiment (RNA-seq) has become almost a routine procedure for studying both model organisms and crops. As a result of bioinformatics processing of such experimental output, huge heterogeneous data are obtained, representing nucleotide sequences of transcripts, amino acid sequences, and their structural and functional annotation. It is important to present the data obtained to a wide range of researchers in the form of databases. This article proposes a hybrid approach to creating molecular genetic databases that contain information about transcript sequences and their structural and functional annotation. The essence of the approach consists in the simultaneous storing both structured and weakly structured data in the database. The technology was used to implement a database of transcriptomes of agricultural plants. This paper discusses the features of implementing this approach and examples of generating both simple and complex queries to such a database in the SQL language. The OORT database is freely available at https://oort.cytogen.ru/.
Engelli Öğretmenlerin Bilgi ve İletişim Teknolojilerinin Entegrasyonuna İlişkin Görüşlerinin İncelenmesi
Authors: KULA Ayşe , AVCI Ümmühan , HAŞLAMAN Tülin
Published: December 2020

Bilgi ve İletişim
Teknolojilerinin (BİT) her türlü engel grubunun kullanımına ve erişimine uygun
tasarlanması ve üretilmesinin, öğrenme ve öğretme sürecinin tüm paydaşlarının
kullanımını elverişli duruma getireceği düşünülmektedir. Bu noktadan hareketle
bu çalışmada engelli öğretmenlerin BİT’i öğrenme ve öğretme sürecine
entegrasyonuna ilişkin özyeterlik algıları, Teknoloji Entegrasyonu Göstergeleri
Ölçeği aracılığıyla toplanmıştır. Ayrıca engelli öğretmenlerin BİT’i derslerine
entegre etme uygulamaları, süreçte karşılaştıkları engeller ve BİT’in derslere
etkili entegrasyonuna ilişkin önerileri yarı yapılandırılmış sorular
aracılığıyla toplanmıştır. Elde edilen veriler frekans ve tematik analiz
yoluyla çözümlenmiştir. Toplam 26 engelli öğretmenin katıldığı araştırmada,
öğretmenlerin çoğunun teknoloji okuryazarlık düzeylerinin yüksek olduğu, BİT’i
derslerine entegre etme bilgi ve becerilerine sahip oldukları görülmüştür.
Ayrıca öğretmenlerin mesleki gelişimlerine katkı sağlayacak faaliyetlerde
bulundukları, teknoloji kullanımına ilişkin etik ve politikalarla ilgili
konularda bilgi sahibi oldukları, yaşamlarına uyguladıkları ve bu konularda
öğrencilerini bilgilendirdikleri, öğrenme ve öğretme sürecinde teknolojinin
sağladığı olanaklardan en üst düzeyde yararlanabilmek amacıyla okullarındaki,
sınıflarındaki BİT kaynak ve uygulamalarını kullandıkları anlaşılmıştır.
Design of DES encryption algorithm as bundleddata asynchronous pipeline using FPGA
Authors: Silva Diego Augusto , Oliveira Duarte Lopes , Batista Gracieth Cavalcanti
Published: December 2020

Currently, digital systems that are able to meet major security restrictions are increasingly being demanded, both in the military and in commercial areas. Data security can be achieved by cryptographic algorithms. An important encryption algorithm known as data encryption standard (DES) was implemented in field programmable gate array (FPGA) in different synchronous architectures. In this paper, we have proposed the implementation of the DES algorithm in FPGA, in the asynchronous pipeline style. Compared to the implementation in FPGA using two different project styles, the proposed asynchronous obtained the average increase of 14.9% in throughput and the average reduction of 66.3% in latency.
Enhanced Performance of Quantum Dots Sensitized Solar Cell Utilizing Copper Indium Sulfide and Reduced-Graphene Oxide with the Presence of Silver Sulfide
Authors: Mohamed Mustakim Nurul Syafiqah , Abd Mutalib Muhazri , Sepeai Suhaila , Ahmad Ludin Norasikin , Mat Teridi Mohd Asri , Ibrahim Mohd Adib
Published: December 2020

In this study, rGO/CuInS2 has been successfully prepared onto TiO2 thin film using solvothermal method followed by Ag2S deposition layer by successive ionic layer adsorption and reaction deposition (SILAR) technique. The morphology, structural, and optical properties of TiO2/rGO/CuInS2 thin film were investigated by using field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), atomic force microscope (AFM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and ultra-violet-visible near infrared spectrophotometer (UV-Vis). For electrical properties, electrochemical impedance spectra (EIS) and current-voltage (I-V) test investigated the interfacial charge-transfer resistances and the conversion efficiency of the samples. Results showed that the average particles size of the samples ranged from ±46.52 to ±53.97 nm in diameter. UV-VIS analysis indicated that TiO2/rGO/CuInS2 thin film showed better light absorption capability with the presence of Ag2S deposition layers. The rGO/CuInS2 quantum dot sensitized with Ag2S layers exhibit a photovoltaic power conversion efficiency of 0.33%, which has great improvement of short circuit current (ISC) comparing with that of rGO/CuInS2 quantum dot sensitized without Ag2S deposition layers.
Rapid Prototyping of Micropillars using Digital Light Process 3D Printing Technique
Authors: Mohd Nazam Nur Aliyah Alwani , Yunas Jumril , Mat Sulaiman Abdul Hafiz , Buyong Muhamad Ramdzan , Hamzah Azrul Azlan
Published: December 2020

In this paper, we discuss a technique to fabricate a three-dimensional (3D) printed micropillars structure of microfluidic system. The developed system consists of microchannels, chambers, and micropillars. The creation of arrays of pillars were the focus of the study. The structure is fabricated using a 3D printing technique called Digital Light Process (DLP). In this paper, we examine the potential use of the 3D printing approaches for the fabrication of microfilter and micromixer devices integrated with microfluidic channels. Our 3D printing process shows that micropillars with diameters between 200 and 400 μm can be fabricated using a DLP 3D printer machine by optimizing the preparation process and post processing parameters. Later, SEM analysis shows that micropillars with high aspect ratio and straight side wall were achieved. The DLP 3D printer is the most suitable and reliable technique that can produce the smallest dimension compared to other types of 3D printer that shows a promising method for the rapid prototyping of microfluidic devices for biomedical application.
Effect of Temperature on Strain-Induced Hardness of Lead-Free Solder Wire using Nanoindentation Approach
Authors: Ismail Norliza , Abu Bakar Maria , Bakarudin Saiful Bahari
Published: December 2020

Hardness properties of SAC305 solder wire under tensile test at varied temperature was investigated. Continuous multi-cycle (CMC) nanoindentation technique with ten cycle of indentation for each sample was performed to evaluate the hardness behaviour of SAC305 solder wire at different depth of indentation. As a result, all investigated SAC305 solder wire under constant strain rate of tensile test and at different temperature revealed the occurrence of indentation size effect (ISE). At initial cycle of indentation, SAC305 solder wire at room temperature (25 °C) have higher hardness value compared to the others sample which exposed to the varied temperature during tensile test. Besides, higher temperature causes the higher strain or elongation to the SAC305 solder wire. Applied of strain during the tensile test had generated the pre-dislocation activity in the SAC305 solder wire. Therefore, higher hardness values of SAC305 at room temperature is due to the existence of high dislocation density induced by the applied strain. Nevertheless, the existence of heat at 60, 90, 120 and 180 °C during the tensile test prompt the rearrangement of dislocation and reduce the dislocation activities, thus, allowing higher elongation of solder wire.
Modification and Optimization of Rice Husk Ash Bio-Filler in Sulfonated Polyimide Membrane for Direct Methanol Fuel Cell
Authors: You Po Ying , Kamarudin Siti Kartom , Masdar Mohd Shahbudin , Mohd Zainoodin Azran
Published: December 2020

Direct methanol fuel cell (DMFC) is a very high potential renewable and sustainable energy for portable devices as it has very high energy density and more environmentally friendly. Adding filler into the membrane matrix had reported in improved performance of the DMFC. However, addition of filler will lead to the decrease of the ion exchange capacity of the membrane, which will in turn reduce the fuel cell performance. Hence, this work studies the modification of rice husk ash via sulfonation process and the effect of the synthesis parameter of novel sulfonated polyimides/sulfonated rice husk ash (SPI/sRHA) composite membrane towards fuel cell performance where filler sRHA had been synthesized via the mixing reaction between rice husk ash (RHA) with chloroform and chlorosulfonic acid. The composition of filler in membranes was optimized with different synthesis parameters such as different types of filler used, loading of filler in membrane and membrane annealing temperature. Investigation of the effects for these three parameters on the physicochemical properties of the composite membranes produced was carried out using response surface methodology (RSM) approach to optimize the synthesis parameters of the composite membrane. The fillers and composite membranes were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) analysis and transmission electron microscopy. Different synthesis parameters had shown different influences on the physicochemical properties of the composite membranes and consequently, gave different passive fuel cell performances of DMFCs too. The optimized membrane (S-12-sR) showed enhanced physicochemical performance as well as the passive single cell performance as compared to pure SPI and Nafion 117 membranes. The water uptake, proton conductivity and IEC that had been achieved by the optimized membrane were 90.97%, 0.1891 S cm−1 and 0.2608 mmol g−1 respectively. The maximum power density of the passive DMFC was improved from 8.1 mW cm−2 to 16.4 mW cm−2 under ambient conditions.