bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Qualitative rather than quantitative phosphoregulation shapes the end of meiosis I in budding yeast
Authors: Celebic Dunja , Polat Irem , Legros Véronique , Chevreux Guillaume , Wassmann Katja , Touati Sandra A
Published: February 2024

Exit from mitosis is brought about by dramatic changes in the phosphoproteome landscape. A drop in Cyclin-dependent kinase (Cdk) activity, the master regulatory kinase, and activation of counteracting phosphatases such as Cdc14 in budding yeast, results in ordered substrate dephosphorylation, allowing entry into a new cell cycle and replication licensing. In meiosis however, two cell divisions have to be executed without intermediate DNA replication, implying that global phosphorylation and dephosphorylation have to be adapted to the challenges of meiosis. Using a global time-resolved phosphoproteomics approach in budding yeast, we compared the phosphoproteome landscape between mitotic exit and the transition from meiosis I to meiosis II. We found that unlike exit from mitosis, Cdk phosphomotifs remain mostly stably phosphorylated at the end of meiosis I, whereas a majority of Cdk-unrelated motifs are reset by dephosphorylation. However, inducing an artificial drop of Cdk at metaphase of meiosis I leads to ordered substrate dephosphorylation, comparable to mitosis, indicating that phosphoregulation of substrates at the end of meiosis I is thus mainly qualitatively rather than quantitatively ordered.
Pd3Bi intermetallic particles prepared by the photodeposition method for photocatalytic ethane production from methane
Authors: Singh Surya Pratap , Beppu Kosuke , Amano Fumiaki
Published: February 2024

A Pd3Bi intermetallic compound (IMC) was deposited on the Ga2O3 surface using a simultaneous photodeposition method at room temperature to introduce a cocatalyst facilitating the photocatalytic conversion of methane to ethane and hydrogen.
A (4,6)-c copper–organic framework constructed from triazole-inserted dicarboxylate linker with CO2 selective adsorption
Authors: Li Hong-Xin , Zhang Zong-Hui , Fang Han , Guo Xin-Ai , Du Guo-Tong , Wang Qin , Xue Dong-Xu
Published: February 2024

An unusual (4,6)-c copper–organic framework was solvothermally isolated by virtue of a triazole-inserted dicarboxylate ligand concomitant with CO2 selective adsorption over N2 and CH4.
Structural and electronic properties of Li-adsorbed single and bilayer porphyrin sheets as an electrode material for energy storage devices – a DFT analysis
Authors: K. A. Asnafarsin , V. S. Anithaa , Balakrishnan Abhayram , Suresh Rahul , Hernandez Norge Cruz , Subramaniam Vijayakumar
Published: February 2024

The 2D monolayer and bilayer porphyrin sheets of COF has been studied. This sheet exhibits good mechanical stability, high adsorption energies and high electrical conductivity thus exist as a promising electrode material for Li-ion batteries.
Amorphous RuPd bimetallene for hydrogen evolution reaction in acidic and alkaline conditions: a first-principles study
Authors: Liu Manman , Fan Xiaofeng , Cui Xiaoqiang , Zheng Weitao , Singh David J.
Published: February 2024

The hydrogen evolution activity of amorphous phase RuPd bimetallene has been greatly improved under both alkaline and acidic conditions as compared to other crystal noble metals.
Theoretical design and performance prediction of deep red/near-infrared thermally activated delayed fluorescence molecules with through space charge transfer
Authors: Li Xiaofang , Wang Xiaofei , Wu Zhimin , Zhang Kai , Li Rui , Song Yuzhi , Fan Jianzhong , Wang Chuan-Kui , Lin Lili
Published: February 2024

Thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) molecules with through-space charge transfer (TSCT) simultaneously reduce the energy difference (ΔEST) and enlarge the spin–orbit coupling (SOC).
STM/TERS observation of (M)-type diphenyl[7]thiaheterohelicene on Ag(111)
Authors: Kimura Sho , Hattori Takuma , Ye Changqing , Okada Masaki , Kondo Satoshi , Sakurama Yui , Saito Akira , Krukowski Pawel , Osuga Hideji , Kuwahara Yuji
Published: February 2024

The chiral recognition of a self-assembled structure of enantiopure (M)-type 2,13-diphenyl[7]thiaheterohelicene ((M)-Ph-[7]TH) was investigated on a Ag(111) substrate by scanning tunnelling microscopy (STM) and tip-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (TERS).
Infrared spectra of SinH4n−1+ions (n= 2–8): inorganic H–(Si–H)n−1hydride wires of penta-coordinated Si in 3c–2e and charge-inverted hydrogen bonds
Authors: George Martin Andreas Robert , Dopfer Otto
Published: February 2024

SinH4n−1+cations have linear H–(Si–H)nsilicon hydride wires with adjacent Si–H–Si 3c–2e bonds delocalized along the whole wire in supersaturated hydrosilane ions featuring several 5-coordinated Si atoms and charge-inverted hydrogen bonds.
Surface engineering for stable electrocatalysis
Authors: Do Viet-Hung , Lee Jong-Min
Published: February 2024

Unprecedented insights into electrochemical surface dynamics from operando studies inspire electronic and topographical strategies, paving the way for sustained electrocatalytic performance across HER, OER, ORR, and CO2RR applications.
Synthesis and luminescent properties of hetero-bimetallic and hetero-trimetallic Ru(ii)/Au(i) or Ir(iii)/Au(i) complexes
Authors: Knighton Richard C. , Pope Simon J. A.
Published: February 2024

Luminescent, heterometallic species based on [Ru–Au]3+, [Ru–Au2]4+, [Ir–Au]2+, and [Ir–Au2]3+.
Subtle adjustments for constructing multi-nuclear luminescent lanthanide organic polyhedra with triazole-based chelates
Authors: Guo Xiao-Qing , Zhou Li-Peng , Hu Shao-Jun , Sun Qing-Fu
Published: February 2024

Subtle chelating arm tweaks facilitate controlled high-nuclear LOP synthesis and enhance lanthanide ion luminescence, offering a unique construction method.
Interfacial engineering of POM-stabilized Ni quantum dots on porous titanium mesh for high-rate and stable alkaline hydrogen production
Authors: Liao Meihong , Shen Huawei , Lin Xiaorui , Li Zhengji , Zhu Muzi , Liu Kefei , Zhou Shuaishuai , Dai Jingjie , Huang Yichao
Published: February 2024

An interfacial engineering strategy is developed for preparing POM-stabilized Ni quantum dots decorated on porous titanium mesh (POMs–Ni@PTM), which shows remarkable alkaline H2 production, demonstrating great potential for practical application.
Engineering low-coordination atoms on RhPt bimetallene for 12-electron ethanol electrooxidation
Authors: Sun Bin , Zhong Wei , Ai Xuan , Zhang Chong , Li Fu-Min , Chen Yu
Published: February 2024

The three-dimensional perforated RhPt bimetallene achieves a high exposure ratio of low-coordinated RhPt diatomic sites, demonstrating excellent activity and remarkable selectivity for 12-electron ethanol oxidation to CO2.
Molecular modulation of nickel–salophen organic frameworks enables the selective photoreduction of CO2at varying concentrations
Authors: Yu Xiaohan , Sun Mingzi , Yan Tianran , Jia Lin , Chu Mingyu , Zhang Liang , Huang Wei , Huang Bolong , Li Yanguang
Published: February 2024

Metal–salophen organic frameworks with dispersed metal centers and precise coordination environments were synthesized. The optimal sample exhibited great photocatalytic activity and near-unity CO selectivity over a wide range of CO2concentrations.
Mitigating cathodic dissolution through interfacial water masking to enhance the longevity of aqueous zinc–ion batteries
Authors: Zhong Wei , Shen Zeyu , Mao Jiale , Zhang Shichao , Cheng Hao , Kim Yoonseob , Lu Yingying
Published: February 2024

Schematic illustration of interfacial water-masking agent (IWMA) strategy. Design of an IWMA to suppress the dissolution of V-based cathodes by specifically adsorbing on the interface, reconstructing hydrogen-bond networks, and regulating solvation structures.
Reprocessing of cross-linked polyamide networks via catalyst-free methods under moderate conditions
Authors: Zhang Jinshuai , Zhou Yonghong , Ma Shuanhong , Zhou Feng
Published: February 2024

An innovative dynamic covalent polyamide network showcasing exceptional repairability and recyclability is described, utilizing internal catalysis and steric hindrance.
Transition-metal-free [3 + 2] cycloaddition of C,N-cycloazomethylimines with in situ formed isocyanates from dioxazolones: a facile synthesis of triazolinones
Authors: Chen Lei , Yang Peiyao , Wang Qiuying , Zhao Zhongxiang , Cui Hui , Zhu Liping
Published: February 2024

A novel strategy for synthesizing triazolinone with C,N-cycloazomethylimine and dioxazolone has been developed, in which the isocyanate formed in situ from dioxazolone is employed for cyclization instead of the widely used N-acyl nitrene.
Development of a high-efficiency and environmentally friendly melamine–formaldehyde resin-based solid phase microextraction fiber for enhanced extraction of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from environmental water
Authors: Li Pengfei , Han Yehong , Han Dandan , Yan Hongyuan
Published: February 2024

A new eco-friendly method was developed to synthesize rough surface, uniform particle size, and high heat-resistant fiber coating materials in water medium, achieving a remarkable enrichment capacity for trace pollutants in environmental water.
Heart-on-a-chip systems: disease modeling and drug screening applications
Authors: Butler Derrick , Reyes Darwin R.
Published: February 2024

Heart-on-chip systems are one of the tools at the forefront in the race to develop alternative in vitro preclinical testing for disease modeling, drug toxicity and efficacy assessment. Further innovation and standardization will accelerate their use.
Development of highly efficient bimetallic metal organic frameworks for the extraction of Pd(ii) from aqueous solutions
Authors: Sengupta Somnath , Shrikala S. B. , Gumber Nitin , Suneesh A. S. , Sreenivasulu B. , Chandra Manish , Brahmananda Rao C. V. S.
Published: February 2024

The application of these innovative bimetallic MOFs, open up new avenues for the creation of robust MOFs especially designed for effective extraction of precious palladium.
Electroactive sulfur-rich materials obtained via inverse vulcanization of a diallylsilyl-functionalized ferrocene
Authors: Vera-Tuset María , Mas-Ballesté Rubén , Cuadrado Isabel , Moya Alicia , Bruña Sonia
Published: February 2024

Redox-responsive polysulfide materials, synthesized via inverse vulcanization, exhibit a synergistic ferrocene–sulfur effect, evidenced by their ability to electrochemically detect environmental hazardous Hg2+ and Cd2+ cations.
High-throughput assay exploiting disorder-to-order conformational switches: application to the proteasomal Rpn10:E6AP complex
Authors: Muli Christine S. , Tarasov Sergey G. , Walters Kylie J.
Published: February 2024

An assay was developed to monitor a disorder-to-order switch in proteasome subunit Rpn10 that is induced by E6AP binding. Fluorophores acrylodan and Atto610 differentially measured E6AP-induced helicity in Rpn10 RAZUL, allowing for dual application.
Phase transitions of fluorotelomer alcohols at the water|alkane interface studied via molecular dynamics simulation
Authors: Burrows Stephen A. , Shon Jang Won , Peychev Boyan , Slavchov Radomir I. , Smoukov Stoyan K.
Published: February 2024

Modeling of adsorption-based removal technologies for fluorosurfactants requires accurate simulation methods which can predict their adsorption isotherm and monolayer structure.
Ligand-assisted formation of mesoporous Zn–N–C to realize superior catalytic activity in solvent-free CO2 cycloaddition reactions
Authors: Zhou Yan , Lv Shanshan , Feng Mengmeng , Qian Changjin , Liu Shoujie , Chen Zheng
Published: February 2024

Mesoporous nitrogen-doped carbon-anchored single atom Zn was synthesized through etching of ZIF-8 with 1,10-phenanthroline and subsequent pyrolysis based on the Kirkendall effect.
Photocatalytic non-oxidative conversion of methane
Authors: Zhan Qingyun , Kong Yuxiang , Wang Xinhui , Li Lu
Published: February 2024

This review critically assesses advances in photocatalytic non-oxidative methane conversion, offering deep insights and guiding future studies in this vital, evolving field.
First synthesis of (±)-halichonadins A–D
Authors: Fujita Ryohei , Ooka Kaito , Wasada Hiroaki , Ichikawa Yoshiyasu , Hosokawa Seijiro
Published: February 2024

The first total synthesis of marine isocyanide terpenes, halichonadins A–D has been achieved, featuring nitrile-to-isocyanide interconversion utilizing Hofmann rearrangement.
Hydrogenated atmospheres of lava planets: Atmospheric structure and emission spectra
Authors: Falco Aurélien , Tremblin Pascal , Charnoz Sébastien , Ridgway Robert J. , Lagage Pierre-Olivier
Published: February 2024

Ultra-hot rocky super-Earths are thought to be sufficiently irradiated by their host star to melt their surface and allow for long-lasting magma oceans as a result. A number of processes have been proposed to explain how such planets may have retained the primordial hydrogen captured during their formation, while moving inward in the planetary system. The new generation of space telescopes such as the James Webb Space Telescope may provide observations that are precise enough to characterize the atmospheres and perhaps the interiors of such exoplanets. We used a vaporization model that calculates the gas-liquid equilibrium between the atmosphere (including hydrogen) and the magma ocean to compute the elemental composition of a variety of atmospheres with different quantities of hydrogen. We then used the elemental composition in a steady-state atmospheric model (ATMO) to compute the atmospheric structure and generate synthetic emission spectra. With this method, we were able to confirm previous results showing that silicate atmospheres exhibit a thermal inversion, with a notable emission peak of SiO at 9 μm. We compared our method to the literature on the inclusion of hydrogen in the atmosphere to show that hydrogen reduces the thermal inversion because of the formation of H2O, which has a strong greenhouse potential. However, planets that are significantly irradiated by their host star are sufficiently hot to dissociate H2O, thus also allowing them to maintain a thermal inversion. The observational implications are twofold: (1) H2O is more likely to be detected in colder atmospheres and (2) detecting a thermal inversion in hotter atmospheres does not a priori exclude the presence of H (in its atomic form). Due to the impact of H on the overall chemistry and atmospheric structure (and, thus, observations), we emphasize the importance of including volatiles in the calculation of the gas-liquid equilibrium. Finally, we provide a criterion to determine potential targets for observation in light of these findings.
A deep-learning approach to the 3D reconstruction of dust density and temperature in star-forming regions
Authors: Ksoll Victor F. , Reissl Stefan , Klessen Ralf S. , Stephens Ian W. , Smith Rowan J. , Soler Juan D. , Traficante Alessio , Girichidis Philipp , Testi Leonardo , Hennebelle Patrick , Molinari Sergio
Published: February 2024

Aims. We introduce a new deep-learning approach for the reconstruction of 3D dust density and temperature distributions from multi-wavelength dust emission observations on the scale of individual star-forming cloud cores (<0.2 pc).

Methods. We constructed a training data set by processing cloud cores from the Cloud Factory simulations with the POLARIS radiative transfer code to produce synthetic dust emission observations at 23 wavelengths between 12 and 1300 µm. We simplified the task by reconstructing the cloud structure along individual lines of sight (LoSs) and trained a conditional invertible neural network (cINN) for this purpose. The cINN belongs to the group of normalising flow methods and it is able to predict full posterior distributions for the target dust properties. We tested different cINN setups, ranging from a scenario that includes all 23 wavelengths down to a more realistically limited case with observations at only seven wavelengths. We evaluated the predictive performance of these models on synthetic test data.

Results. We report an excellent reconstruction performance for the 23-wavelength cINN model, achieving median absolute relative errors of about 1.8% in log(n/m−3) and 1% in log(Tdust/K), respectively. We identify trends towards an overestimation at the low end of the density range and towards an underestimation at the high end of both the density and temperature values, which may be related to a bias in the training data. After limiting our coverage to a combination of only seven wavelengths, we still find a satisfactory performance with average absolute relative errors of about 2.8% and 1.7% in log(n/m−3) and log(Tdust/K).

Conclusions. This proof-of-concept study shows that the cINN-based approach for 3D reconstruction of dust density and temperature is very promising and it is even compatible with a more realistically constrained wavelength coverage.
Broad-line region geometry from multiple emission lines in a single-epoch spectrum
Authors: Kuhn L. , Shangguan J. , Davies R. , Man A. W. S. , Cao Y. , Dexter J. , Eisenhauer F. , Förster Schreiber N. M. , Feuchtgruber H. , Genzel R. , Gillessen S. , Hönig S. , Lutz D. , Netzer H. , Ott T. , Rabien S. , Santos D. J. D. , Shimizu T. , Sturm E. , Tacconi L. J.
Published: February 2024

The broad-line region (BLR) of active galactic nuclei (AGNs) traces gas close to the central supermassive black hole (BH). Recent reverberation mapping (RM) and interferometric spectro-astrometry data have enabled detailed investigations of the BLR structure and dynamics as well as estimates of the BH mass. These exciting developments have motivated comparative investigations of BLR structures using different broad emission lines. In this work, we have developed a method to simultaneously model multiple broad lines of the BLR from a single-epoch spectrum. We applied this method to the five strongest broad emission lines (Hα, Hβ, Hγ, Paβ, and He Iλ5876) in the UV-to-near-IR spectrum of NGC 3783, a nearby Type I AGN that has been well studied by RM and interferometric observations. Fixing the BH mass to the published value, we fit these line profiles simultaneously to constrain the BLR structure. We find that the differences between line profiles can be explained almost entirely as being due to different radial distributions of the line emission. We find that using multiple lines in this way also enables one to measure some important physical parameters, such as the inclination angle and virial factor of the BLR. The ratios of the derived BLR time lags are consistent with the expectation of theoretical model calculations and RM measurements.
Discovery of an old supernova remnant candidate through carbon monoxide line emission
Authors: Zhou Xin , Su Yang , Yang Ji , Chen Yang , Jiang Zhibo
Published: February 2024

Most old supernova remnants (SNRs) in the Milky Way have not yet been identified. Considering their high potential number and the sufficient momentum-energy transfer to the interstellar medium (ISM), they are a key part of our understanding of the overall role of SNRs in the ISM. Here, we report our discovery of an expanding molecular shell identified by CO line observations, namely G16.11–0.51. It covers a known SNR, specifically G16.0–0.5, and is larger in size (i.e., 0.56° over 0.20°). Based on its spatial and kinematic structures, weak nonthermal radio-continuum emission, and derived physical properties, we suggest that it is an old SNR. At a systemic velocity of +41.3 km s−1, the best estimated kinematic distance of G16.11–0.51 is ~3.2 kpc, implying its radius of about 15.6 pc. The age of G16.11–0.51 is estimated to be greater than ~105 yr, and, in a dense molecular environment, it has formed dense and thin shell layers. The kinetic energy of the expanding molecular gas of G16.11–0.51 is about 6.4 × 1049 erg, accounting for approximately 6% of the initial SN explosion energy. Although old SNRs have essentially become cold and hard to detect, our discovery suggests that they can be found by searching for CO line emissions.
Multi-scale magnetic field investigation of the M-dwarf eclipsing binary CU Cancri
Authors: Hahlin A. , Kochukhov O. , Rains A. D. , Morin J. , Hussain G. , Hebb L. , Stassun K.
Published: February 2024

Aims.We aim to characterise the magnetic field of the eclipsing binary CU Cancri, which consists of two M-dwarf components. The determination of the magnetic field parameters of this target enables comparisons with both observations of similar stars and theoretical predictions of the magnetic field strength in CU Cnc. The target therefore provides an excellent opportunity to test our understanding of the generation of magnetic fields in low-mass stars and its impact on stellar structure.

Methods.We used spectropolarimetric observations obtained with ESPaDOnS at the CFHT to investigate the magnetic properties of CU Cnc. To improve the signal, we used least-squares deconvolution (LSD) to create average line profiles. From these LSD profiles, we extracted information about the radial velocities of the components, significantly expanding the number of radial velocity measurements available and allowing for a determination of the orbital parameters. StokesVLSD profiles were used with Zeeman Doppler imaging to obtain the large-scale magnetic field structures of the two components. We also used detailed polarised radiative transfer modelling to investigate the small-scale fields, by Zeeman-splitting magnetically sensitive Ti Ilines in non-polarised spectra.

Results.We obtain both the small- and large-scale magnetic field properties of the two components. The large-scale fields are dominantly poloidal, and both components have an average strength of approximately 100 G. This analysis of the large-scale fields likely suffers from some amount of hemisphere degeneracy due to the high inclination of the target, which would cause the large-scale field strength of the components to be underestimated. Both components also show unusual magnetic field configurations compared to stars with similar parameters: the primary is weakly axisymmetric (∼10%), and the secondary has a strong toroidal contribution (∼20%). The small-scale fields are significantly stronger, 3.1 and 3.6 kG for the primary and secondary, respectively. This measurement is in excellent agreement with surface field strength predictions for CU Cnc from magneto-convective stellar evolution models. These results indicate that magnetic fields could play a significant role in the radius inflation due to convective inhibition.
Which stars can form planets: Planetesimal formation at low metallicities
Authors: Andama Geoffrey , Mah Jingyi , Bitsch Bertram
Published: February 2024

The diversity of exoplanets has been linked to the disc environment in which they form, where the host star metallicity and the formation pathways play a crucial role. In the context of the core accretion paradigm, the initial stages of planet formation require the growth of dust material from micrometre-sized to planetesimal-sized bodies before core accretion can kick in. Although numerous studies have been conducted on planetesimal formation, it is still poorly understood how this process takes place in low-metallicity stellar environments. In this work, we explore how planetesimals are formed in stellar environments with primarily low metallicities. We performed global 1D viscous disc evolution simulations, including the growth of dust particles and the evaporation and condensation of chemical species at ice lines. We followed the formation of planetesimals during disc evolution and tested different metallicities, disc sizes, and turbulent viscosity strengths. We find that at solar and sub-solar metallicities, there is a significant increase in the midplane dust-to-gas mass ratios at the ice lines, but this leads to planetesimal formation only at the water–ice line. In our simulations, [Fe/H] = −0.6 is the lower limit of metallicity for planetesimal formation where a few Earth masses of planetesimals can form. Our results further show that for such extreme disc environments, large discs are more conducive than small discs for forming large amounts of planetesimals at a fixed metallicity because the pebble flux can be maintained for a longer time, resulting in a longer and more efficient planetesimal formation phase. At lower metallicities, planetesimal formation is less supported in quiescent discs compared to turbulent discs, which produce larger amounts of planetesimals, because the pebble flux can be maintained for a longer time. The amount of planetesimals formed at sub-solar metallicities in our simulations places a limit on core sizes that could potentially result only in the formation of super-Earths.
Strategic Insights for Bulk Production of MXene: A Review
Authors: Tan Kim Han , Zaed Md. Abu , Saidur R. , Abdullah Norulsamani , Ishak Nurul Atiqah Izzati Md. , Cherusseri Jayesh
Published: February 2024

The remarkable versatility of MXene materials has propelled them into the forefront of advanced material science, with applications spanning energy storage, catalysis, water treatment, and electronics. Bulk production of MXene materials is essential to meet the demands of applications, enhance commercial viability, support research efforts, integrate MXene into industries, and drive technological advancements. It is a key step in realizing the full potential of MXene materials and ensuring their widespread use in diverse fields. However, the problem is that MXene synthesis methods, especially those developed at the laboratory scale, face challenges when transitioning to large-scale production. Maintaining the quality, consistency, and yield of MXene materials on a large scale can be complex. The paper provides a comprehensive overview of current synthesis methods, critical parameters that influence bulk production, precursor materials and post-synthesis characterizations, and innovations in scaling up MXene production. The necessary environmental and safety measures were also reviewed. This comprehensive review work is critical for developing the area of MXene bulk manufacturing and has major implications for the larger community. By thoroughly addressing problems, investigating crucial factors, and emphasising breakthroughs in large-scale synthesis, the study serves as a road map for researchers, industry experts, and maybe policymakers.
TiO2-bismuth screen printing ink for flexible low temperature dye sensitized solar cells
Authors: Khir Hazim , Pandey A.K. , Saidur R. , Ahmad Muhammad Shakeel , Rahim Nasrudin Abd , Bhutto Yasir Ali , Abu Zaed Md. , Islam Anas
Published: February 2024

Flexible dye sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) possess multiple advantages with wide application and good commercialisation potential. However, the low conversion efficiency of the technology from poor charge transfer and interparticle contact has limited their utilisation. Thus, the research aims to enhance the performance of flexible plastic-based titanium dioxide (TiO2) film via the formation of TiO2-bismuth (Bi) ink for screen-printing of DSSC photoanode film. The implementation of Bi nanoparticles as sintering aid has managed to improve the interparticle contact in the photoanode film with neck formation at the TiO2-Bi interface. This phenomenon has also led to the lowering of resistance values by 57 - 65% with charge transfer resistance of 11.72 kΩ.cm2 and series resistance of 38.28 kΩ.cm2 for the TiO2-Bi photoanode. The recombination reactions were also reduced with longer electron lifetime of 0.0036 ms and enhanced charge transfer. The research has managed to prepare TiO2-Bi ink that would be suitable for the fabrication of flexible DSSC photoanode film via screen printing. Hence, the outcome of the research could potentially lead to the development of highly efficient flexible low temperature DSSC and enhance their commercialisation potential.
Role of reduced graphene oxide-based nanofluid in Thermal performance enhancement of flat plate solar collector
Authors: Bharadwaj Gaurav , Sharma Kamal , Kumar Pandey Adarsh
Published: February 2024

In recent years, the scientific community has given significant regard to studies on the use of nanofluids (NF) in thermal energy systems like solar collectors. In the present study, role of rGO-based NF in thermal performance enhancement of flat plat solar collector (FPSC) has been investigated. The thermal performance of FPSC has been tested by using DI water and rGO-based NF as working fluid. rGO-based NF has been prepared by suspending 0.05 vol. concentration of rGO in DI water. Thermal performance has been tested for three vol. flow rate from 0.5 lpm to 1.5 lpm and solar intensity from 600 to 1000 W/m2. It has been found that maximum thermal performance occurs at vol. flow rate 1 lpm and solar intensity of 800 W/m2 by using DI water and rGO-based NF. Thermal performance has been found to decline with an increase in the reduced temperature parameter. When employed as the working fluid in FPSC under the same flow circumstances, the maximum thermal performance was discovered to be 59.7% when utilising rGO-based NF, which is 21.5% higher than that of DI water. Therefore, using r-GO based NF as the working fluid in FPSC is an appropriate choice.
See Carbon: Real-time IoT Monitoring System for Motorcycle Vehicle Carbon Emissions
Authors: Ilustre Lois Fernando , Mortos Yuneza Claire , Enriquez Jennifer , Mindoro Jennalyn , Malbog Mon Arjay
Published: February 2024

This research introduces a comprehensive solution for monitoring Carbon emissions from motorcycle vehicles. Utilizing specialized gas sensors for Carbon Monoxide (CO), Carbon Dioxide (CO₂), and Hydrocarbon (HC), coupled with an Arduino Nano main microcontroller, GSM module, and GPS module encased in CFRP casing, the system ensures real-time monitoring. A dedicated website and mobile companion enable users to easily track and analyze emissions history, providing suggestions for reduction. This implementation aims to empower motorcycle drivers to monitor their vehicle's health and reduce their Carbon footprint.
The performance of steel fiber reinforced concrete as structural elements of a seismic resistant three-story low-cost housing using SAP 2000
Authors: Quennie Mae Estrella , Julia Bien Florencio , Katherine Baldoz , Rica Joy Ogalesco , R-Jay Gracilla , Nioro Furiscal
Published: February 2024

Seismic activity is a looming threat in many regions around the world. Hence, pursuing low-cost housing solutions that can withstand seismic forces while remaining economically viable is critical. This research is motivated by the urgent necessity to create innovative materials and cost-effective design methodologies that can withstand the forces of devastating earthquakes. This study explores the effectiveness of steel fiber reinforced concrete (SFRC) as a structural element in a three-story low-cost housing building. SFRC incorporates small and hooked steel fibers into concrete, improving its mechanical properties, such as tensile strength, toughness, and ductility. This study aims to replace traditional reinforced concrete with SFRC in building columns and beams and assess its seismic performance using Finite Element Method (FEM) analysis conducted through SAP 2000 software. This study conducted experiments using concrete mix samples with different percentages of steel fibers (0%, 0.3%, 0.5%, and 0.7% by weight) and found that the 0.3% SFRC sample exhibited the highest compressive and flexural strength. Four models evaluated the cost-effectiveness of SFRC compared to the control sample with regular concrete. The analysis revealed that Model (3), featuring 250 x 300 mm columns with SFRC, significantly decreased concrete volume and rebar quantity. It resulted in a 13.79% reduction in structural costs compared to the original plan. Overall, the study highlights the potential of SFRC to enhance the mechanical properties of concrete and reduce costs in seismic-resistant construction projects. By incorporating SFRC, engineers can improve buildings' structural stability and performance, particularly in earthquake-prone regions.
Encapsulating immobilized ureolytic bacteria yields self-healing concrete apropos sustainable transportation materials: A review
Authors: Rosario D Roberto , Viado Marc John
Published: February 2024

Transportation networks must be resilient to withstand the effects of climate change and natural calamities. Concrete infrastructure must endure extreme weather, flooding, and seismic catastrophes better than many other types of construction to guarantee the sustainability of transportation services. Self-healing concrete is unquestionably the material of the future that could address these issues. Researchers have discovered a self-healing process in automatic repairing the concrete cracks up to 1.8 mm width. This is made possible by ureolytic and non-ureolytic microorganisms from Bacillus family that cause bacterial precipitation and production of calcite that seal cracks, which could extend the serviceability of concrete. Concrete structures can be restored, and damage prevented through different self-healing mechanisms, such as microvascular healing, bacterial healing, capsule-based healing, and autogenous repair. Research reveals that concrete's capacity to repair itself is greatly enhanced by a mixture of self-healing mechanisms. Moreover, the encapsulation of immobilized bacteria with expanded clay, calcium alginate beads, or other porous materials that can hold onto nutrients and bacteria for an extended period resulted in a considerable improvement in the healing ratio. The main objective of this study is to enumerate all the potential challenges and limitations of the recent studies in self-healing concrete to draw a viable conclusion which is necessary for establishing rules and testing procedures for up-scale implementation.
Une approche par les communs pour faire valoir le pastoralisme dans les politiques publiques
Authors: Aubert Sigrid , Dutilly Céline
Published: February 2024

La mondialisation de l’économie et des problèmes environnementaux et sanitaires a influencé les modes d’intervention des politiques publiques en matière d’élevage. Cet article explore les bouleversements induits dans ce secteur et en particulier sur le pastoralisme. Il analyse les tenants et les aboutissants de la reconnaissance, de l’institutionnalisation et de la valorisation économique des activités pastorales par les politiques publiques. Il en ressort que les aspects intersectoriels et multifonctionnels du pastoralisme ont, dans la plupart des cas, été négligés alors qu’ils sont déterminants dans les dynamiques des socioécosystèmes considérés. Aussi, explorons-nous comment l’approche par les communs peut permettre aux acteurs eux-mêmes de promouvoir une gestion adaptative du pastoralisme en réifiant, dans les milieux considérés, les interactions homme-animal dans leur complexité.
Manufacturer’s cooperation strategies of closed-loop supply chain considering recycling advertising
Authors: Huang Yanting , Peng Ni
Published: February 2024

Online recycling shows great potential to significantly boost recoverable quantity and attract advertising investment. This study focuses on exploring how retail and recycling advertising affects the manufacturer’s cooperation strategy in a closed-loop supply chain (CLSC). The CLSC model consisting of a manufacturer, an online recycling platform with recycling advertising, and a retailer with retail advertising considers four cooperation strategies by a manufacturer: no cooperation, cooperation with only the retailer, cooperation with only the online recycling platform, and cooperation with the online recycling platform and the retailer. After comparing four strategies, it is found that the manufacturer collaborates with the retailer, or the online recycling platform based on retail and recycling advertising coefficients. Furthermore, cooperation between the manufacturer and the retailer increases retail advertising and sales, which incentivizes the manufacturer to collaborate with the retailer. Collaboration between the manufacturer and the online recycling platform will increase both recycling advertising and quantity, which incentivizes the manufacturer to collaborate with the online recycling platform. These results would encourage more manufacturers to improve their operational efficiency through cooperation with online recycling platforms because the online recycling platforms conveniently utilize recycling advertising to increase the quantity of used products recycled, which in turn contributes to environmental sustainability.
Thinness and its variations on some graph families and coloring graphs of bounded thinness
Authors: Bonomo-Braberman Flavia , Brandwein Eric , Oliveira Fabiano S. , Sampaio Moyses S. , Sansone Agustin , Szwarcfiter Jayme L.
Published: February 2024

Interval graphs and proper interval graphs are well known graph classes, for which several generalizations have been proposed in the literature. In this work, we study the (proper) thinness, and several variations, for the classes of cographs, crowns graphs and grid graphs. We provide the exact values for several variants of thinness (proper, independent, complete, precedence, and combinations of them) for the crown graphs CRn. For cographs, we prove that the precedence thinness can be determined in polynomial time. We also improve known bounds for the thinness of n × n grids GRn and m×n grids GRm,n, proving that n−1/3 ≤ thin(GRn) ≤ n+1/2. Regarding the precedence thinness, we prove that prec-thin(GRn,2) = n+1/2 and that n− 1 + 3/2 ≤ prec-thin(GRn) ≤ n− 1 2. As applications, we show that the k-coloring problem is NP-complete for precedence 2-thin graphs and for proper 2-thin graphs, when k is part of the input. On the positive side, it is polynomially solvable for precedence proper 2-thin graphs, given the order and partition.
Requests for Child Marriage Dispensation in West Nusa Tenggara Province
Authors: Nurhaliza Ayu Febrianti , Jiwantara Firzhal Arzhi
Published: February 2024

In Act Number 16 of 2019 concerning amendments to Act Number 1 of 1974 concerning Marriage, Article 7 paragraph (1) states that marriage is only permitted if the man and woman are 19 years old. However, in reality, there are a lot of early marriages, especially in West Nusa Tenggara (NTB) province. The West Nusa Tenggara Provincial Government recorded that 1,870 children applied for marriage dispensation throughout 2021-2022. This is a problematic problem that the NTB government must face. Marriage is not something that is prohibited, but there are terms and conditions that must be met by a couple to proceed to a marriage. Before the COVID-19 pandemic, the number of early marriages was steady, whereas during and after the pandemic, the number of early marriages was prone to increase. In communities, marriage dispensation occurs due to poverty, low education and traditions from the community itself. Therefore, in this case, in granting the decision, the judge must consider various important aspects before carrying out the marriage.
Zur Aufnahme von Patient*innen mit Borderline
Persönlichkeitsstörung in die ambulante
Psychotherapie
Authors: Sabaß Lena , Hahn Sina , Padberg Frank , Hörz-Sagstetter Susanne , Rentrop Michael , Jobst Andrea
Published: February 2024

Hintergrund Patient*innen mit einer Borderline
Persönlichkeitsstörung (BPS) bringen aufgrund der
Schwierigkeiten in Selbstregulation und Interaktion besondere Anforderungen an
Therapien mit, die bei BPS-spezifischen Ansätzen auch adressiert werden.
Vor diesem Hintergrund wurden ambulante Psychotherapeut*innen nach den
Faktoren befragt, die in ihrem therapeutischen Angebot für
Patient*innen mit BPS eine entscheidende Rolle spielen.

Methode Über ihre auf der Internetseite der
Kassenärztlichen Vereinigung veröffentlichte Emailadresse wurden
Psychotherapeut*innen für Erwachsene kontaktiert, wovon 231
einen Online-Fragebogen beantworteten. Die Ergebnisse wurden deskriptiv
ausgewertet und im Hinblick auf das Aufnahmeverhalten der
Psychotherapeut*innen inferenzstatistisch untersucht.

Ergebnisse Fast 90% gaben an, dass sie Patient*innen mit
BPS generell in eine Therapie aufnehmen würden. Von diesen hatten jedoch
85% keinen Therapieplatz zur Verfügung. Die erlernte
Verfahrensrichtung der Psychotherapeut*innen war dabei nicht
ausschlaggebend dafür, ob sie zur Behandlung bereit waren. Die meisten
Psychotherapeut*innen (85%) empfahlen eine
BPS-störungsspezifische Therapie wie die Dialektisch-Behaviorale
Therapie (DBT), die Mentalisierungsbasierte Therapie (MBT), die
Übertragungsfokussierte Psychotherapie (TFP) oder die Schematherapie
(ST). Allerdings waren nur knapp 7% in einem solchen
störungsspezifischen Verfahren zertifiziert. Als deutliche
persönliche Belastungsfaktoren wurden vor allem das
Suizidalitätsrisiko (70%) und potenzielle fremdaggressive
Verhaltensweisen (59%) genannt. Zudem zeigte sich, dass es für
das Aufnahmeverhalten eine Rolle spielte, ob die Psychotherapeut*innen
in einem zusätzlichen Therapieansatz (mit mind. 16 Unterrichtseinheiten)
weitergebildet waren oder nicht.

Schlussfolgerung Die Versorgungssituation für Menschen mit BPS,
die einen ambulanten Psychotherapieplatz suchen, ist nach wie vor als
unzureichend zu bewerten. Dies liegt vor allem an einem allgemeinen Mangel an
verfügbaren Therapieplätzen sowie an verschiedenen
Ängsten und Befürchtungen, wie die erhöhte
Suizidalität, die sich wiederum negativ auf das ambulante
Therapieangebot auswirken können. Psychotherapeut*innen, die
eine störungsspezifische Weiterbildung absolviert haben, fühlen
sich durch suizidale Verhaltensweisen weniger belastet. Da jedoch wenige
Therapeut*innen BPS-spezifische Therapien anbieten können, ist
es unumgänglich, spezifische Weiterbildungsangebote auszubauen und auch
(finanziell) zu unterstützen. Um dem Versorgungsbedarf gerecht zu
werden, sind berufliche Veränderungen dringend notwendig.
Nerventransfers bei peripheren Nervenläsionen
Authors: Glaser Julia Janine , Aman Martin , Böcker Arne Hendrik , Thielen Mirjam , Harhaus Leila
Published: February 2024

Hintergrund Schädigungen der Stammnerven der oberen
Extremität führen häufig zu anhaltenden, schwerwiegenden
Einschränkungen in der Funktion (Motorik) und Wahrnehmung
(Sensibilität). Sowohl privat als auch beruflich können
erhebliche Einschränkungen auf physischer, psychischer als auch
sozioökonomischer Ebene persistieren. Indikationsstellung. Die
frühe Indikationsstellung zu einem Nerventransfer kann die
Reinnervationsstrecke verkürzen und die Einleitung motorischer oder
sensorischer Axone in das Zielorgan optimieren und somit langfristig zur
Verbesserung der Motorik und Sensibilität, sowie Vermeidung von
Fehlstellungen beitragen. Hierbei sind in der Planung des Operationszeitpunkts,
die bereits vergangene Zeit nach dem Trauma, die zu erwartende
Reinnervationszeit und die Hebemorbiditäten der Spendernerven
individuell abzuwägen.

Ergebnisse Nerventransfers können nach peripheren
Nervenverletzungen eine frühere und sicherere Reinnervation erreichen
und zur Verbesserung der motorischen und sensiblen Funktionen an der oberen
Extremität nach Nervenverletzungen eingesetzt werden.
TB or not TB? Diagnostic Sensitivity, Specifity and Interobserver
Agreement in the Radiological Diagnosis of Pulmonary Tuberculosis in
Children
Authors: Brinkmann Folke , Hofgrefe Jana , Ahrens Frank , Weidemann Jürgen , Berthold Lars Daniel , Schwerk Nicolaus
Published: February 2024

Background The differentiation between latent tuberculosis infection
(LTBI) and tuberculosis (TB) relies on radiological changes. Confirming the
diagnosis remains a challenge because typical findings are often missing in
children. This study evaluates diagnostic sensitivity, specifity and
interobserver agreement on the radiological diagnosis of TB by chest-x-rays in
accordance to professional specialization and work experience.

Methods Chest x-rays of 120 children with proven tuberculosis infection
were independently evaluated by general radiologists, paediatric radiologists
and paediatric pulmonologists. Results were compared to a reference diagnosis
created by group of experienced paediatric radiologists and paediatric
pulmonologists. Primary endpoints were diagnostic sensitivity and specificity
and interobserver variability defined as Krippendorfs alpha of thesel groups
compared to the reference diagnosis.

Results Of the 120 chest x-rays 33 (27,5%) were diagnosed as TB by
the reference standard . Paediatric pulmonologist had the highest diagnostic
sensitivity (90%) but were less specific (71%) whereas general
radiologist were less sensitive (68%) but more secific (95%).
The best diagnostic accuracy was achieved by pediatric radiologists with a
diagnostic sensitivity of 77% and specificity 95%
respectively.

Conclusions We demonstrated significant interobserver variability and
relevant differences in sensitivity and specificity in the radiological
diagnosis of TB between the groups. Paediatric radiologists showed the best
diagnostic performance. As the diagnosis of pulmonary TB has significant
therapeutic consequences for children they should be routinely involved in the
diagnostic process.
Visible-Light-Driven Oxidative Chlorination of Alkyl sp3 C–H Bonds with HCl/Air at Room Temperature
Authors: Lu Wenjun , Xu Lai , Mei Chong
Published: February 2024

An aerobic chlorination of alkyl sp3 C–H bonds of functionalized alkanes and simple alkanes has been established successfully under visible light at room temperature. The reaction is performed in the presence of catalytic NaNO2 using HCl or NaCl/acid as a chlorine source and air as a terminal oxidant under atmospheric pressure. It is suggested that NOCl from NaNO2/HCl is a crucial species in the catalytic cycle involving an aerobic oxidation and a photochemical radical chlorination.
Exploring the Microbiome in Human Reproductive Tract: High-Throughput Methods for the Taxonomic Characterization of Microorganisms
Authors: Salas-Espejo Eduardo , Terrón-Camero Laura C. , Ruiz José L. , Molina Nerea M. , Andrés-León Eduardo
Published: February 2024

Microorganisms are important due to their widespread presence and multifaceted roles across various domains of life, ecology, and industries. In humans, they underlie the proper functioning of multiple systems crucial to well-being, including immunological and metabolic functions. Emerging research addressing the presence and roles of microorganisms within human reproduction is increasingly relevant. Studies implementing new methodologies (e.g., to investigate vaginal, uterine, and semen microenvironments) can now provide relevant insights into fertility, reproductive health, or pregnancy outcomes. In that sense, cutting-edge sequencing techniques, as well as others such as meta-metabolomics, culturomics, and meta-proteomics, are becoming more popular and accessible worldwide, allowing the characterization of microbiomes at unprecedented resolution. However, they frequently involve rather complex laboratory protocols and bioinformatics analyses, for which researchers may lack the required expertise. A suitable pipeline would successfully enable both taxonomic classification and functional profiling of the microbiome, providing easy-to-understand biological interpretations. However, the selection of an appropriate methodology would be crucial, as it directly impacts the reproducibility, accuracy, and quality of the results and observations. This review focuses on the different current microbiome-related techniques in the context of human reproduction, encompassing niches like vagina, endometrium, and seminal fluid. The most standard and reliable methods are 16S rRNA gene sequencing, metagenomics, and meta-transcriptomics, together with complementary approaches including meta-proteomics, meta-metabolomics, and culturomics. Finally, we also offer case examples and general recommendations about the most appropriate methods and workflows and discuss strengths and shortcomings for each technique.