bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Introduction
Authors: Geller Jay
Published: May 2018

This chapter introduces the conundrum the monograph seeks to work through—Jewish-identified authors drawing upon the Bestiarium Judaicum, with which Jews have been historically associated, identified, and denigrated by non-Jews—and maps the historical and theoretical contexts for both these puzzling deployments and the efforts at making sense of them. It situates the socio-political Jewish Question in Germanophone lands, from roughly 1750 to the Shoah, within the unresolved crisis over whether or not Jewish-identified individuals should or could be integrated into the dominant society. It points out how the need to render purported Jewish difference visible drew upon natural history—the observation, description, categorization, and exhibition of the other-than-human—as mediated by the Bestiarium Judaicum. It provides an overview of contemporary theoretical and historical engagements with the Question of the Animal and with the representation of human (animals) as (nonhuman) animals. It then turns to how the scholarly literature has inadequately examined the associations of Jews and Animals, the Jew-Animal, and instead proposes to turn critical attention to the Jew-as-Animal—how Jewish-identified writers appropriated and reworked these Jew-Animals and gave voice to the Jewish animot. It briefly discusses several of the strategies that are elaborated in subsequent chapters.
“O beastly Jews”
Authors: Geller Jay
Published: May 2018

Framed by Heine’s staging of the fictional exchange of animal epithets between Rabbi Judah and Friar José in “The Disputation” this chapter depicts the provisioning of the Bestiarium Judaicum. It first traces its development in the patristic and scholastic Adversus judaeos traditions through medieval bestiaries and church iconography (e.g., Judensau) to early modern anti-Jewish polemics, broadsheets, and proverbs. The chapter then charts the changes in the figuration with the emergence in modernity of the biologistic worldview (the shift in reference from the satanic to the diseased and parasitic), the development of new media (such as the postcard, the mass-produced picture poster, and the illustrated humor magazine), the laws requiring while circumscribing Jews’ adoption of surnames (e.g., German equivalents of animals emblematic of the twelve tribes), and the taxonomic determinations of the “Jude” (Viehjude, Geldjude, Kornjude, etc.). It also addresses the use of animal-human hybrids in medieval Jewish iconography as well as the Jewish appropriation of classical and Islamic animal fable traditions.
Name That Varmint
Authors: Geller Jay
Published: May 2018

This chapter undertakes close readings of Kafka’s first and last published animal narratives, The Metamorphosis and “Josephine the Singer.” It focuses upon the different strategies by which Kafka rendered any species determination of the stories’ protagonists, Gregor Samsa and Josephine (as well as her people), indefinite and how he thereby confronted his prospective readers with the constructedness of both human/animal difference and species essentialism. These works are then seen as interventions, whether effectively or not, against an apparatus that these two constructs conditioned, an apparatus that helped naturalize both Gentile/Jew difference and the violent means sustaining it: the identification of the Jew-Animal. It situates these stories over and against historical and literary associations of Jews with vermin (Ungeziefer) and mice as well as in relation to Kafka’s own encounters with such creatures recorded in his letters and in his posthumously published story “The Burrow.” The chapter also includes a discussion of how at the opening of Maus II Art Spiegelman subverted possible essentialist identification of Jews with mice by his readers.
“If you could see her through my eyes …”
Authors: Geller Jay
Published: May 2018

This chapter portrays the naturalized association of Jews with the mimetic as an identifier of “the Jew.” It first maps the once hegemonic stereotype of the Jews as a people without genius and the correlative assumption of “the Jew”‘s alleged mimetic capacity or talent for aping its hosts as Jews adopted various strategies in their pursuit of integration into European societies. It notes the influence upon the latter of Darwin’s discussion of mimesis as a natural survival strategy. The chapter records the convergence of stereotype and assumption in Richard Wagner’s and Otto Weininger’s discussions of Judentum and music that may, in turn, have been echoed in Kafka’s “Josephine the Singer.” Kafka’s account of Red Peter’s “Report to an Academy” then takes center stage against a backdrop of associations of Jews and apes. After tracing the Judentum-associated signifiers that inscribed Red Peter, the chapter follows Kafka’s simian protagonist as he, having attained the “cultural level of an average European” (DL 312; CS 258) and still in search of an Ausweg (a way out) of the brutal constraints of an increasingly violent society, performed the risky maneuver of the Jew-as-Animal
Dogged by Destiny
Authors: Geller Jay
Published: May 2018

After observing how, despite a tradition of identifying Jews with wolves that spanned from Chrysostom to Vichy France, few Jewish werewolves prowled the Gentile legal, legendary, and literary accounts of lycanthropes prior to the twentieth century, this chapter examines correlations between the medieval German notion of the wargus, the werewolf or outlaw, and the identification of “the Jew” as wolf. In particular, it attends to the different ways H. Leivick, in his Yiddish narrative poem “Der Volf” (1920), and Curt Siodmak, in his script(s) for The Wolf Man (1941), work through the relation among “the Jew,” the Law, and the lupine/lycanthropic. The chapter also addresses Heine’s portrayal of diverse Jewish were-canids, whether imagined by Gentile audiences of Shakespeare’s Shylock or experienced by Jewish peddlers in nineteenth-century Central Europe. Further, after questioning whether to include Freud’s “Wolf-Man” case study among Jewish wolf-men, it suggests that canine-centered readings of the case have been barking up the wrong tree and that the wolf at Freud’s door was his fear of being accused of having plagiarized another psychiatrist, Dr. Moshe Wulff.
Afterword “It’s clear as the light of day”
Authors: Geller Jay
Published: May 2018

This afterword opens with an analysis of two of Gertrud Kolmar’s poems, one prior to the Nazi seizure of power and one prior to Kristallnacht, in which the Jewish and the Animal Questions intersect. It then turns to Gombiner’s lament that the human treatment of animals “is an eternal Treblinka” in I. B. Singer’s “The Letter Writer” (1968) and how it had been preceded by its converse in the experiences of the intended victims of the Holocaust and in memoirs, poems, and autobiographical novels of survivors (e.g., Primo Levi and Uri Zvi Greenberg). The Bestiarium Judaicum and its uses provided them with a language for understanding the dehumanization, the transformation into the suffering, killable Jew-Animal, to which they, “like sheep to the slaughter,” were being subjected. The relationship between dehumanization and objectification is parsed through an examination of Jiri Weil’s depiction of Prague’s deportation site as a “circus.”
Archē
Authors: Gourgouris Stathis
Published: May 2018

This chapter engages with the very first political concept—certainly in name, if nothing else. It demonstrates how, from its initial invocation (from its archē, as it were), this concept renders any notions of the first, or of the one, impossible, indeterminable, an-archic. In this sense, though the word being is examined is archē, the political concept that the author substantially engages with and cares about is “anarchy,” whose elemental significance is inherent in the archaic conceptualization of archē. This is the archaic conceptualization that is of interest here. The author weaves a thread around four instances of the notion in the Greek philosophical vocabulary, two phrases in Aristotle, one in Herodotus, and the famous passage known as the Anaximander fragment.
Development
Authors: Spivak Gayatri Chakravorty
Published: May 2018

This chapter raises the question of why “development” is a political concept. It asks us to allow the concept of development to overflow the interplay of capital and colony. This makes room for an acknowledgment of complicity—folded-togetherness—rather than see “development” to be conceptualized as good or evil or both after colonialism. It asks us to see that development as sustainable underdevelopment has a longer history and perhaps even that this history is beginning to make itself visible as the pattern of globalization explodes economic growth into developing inequality. It suggests that the conceptualization of development must be unevenly interdisciplinary—statistics and political science folded together, complicit—with the disciplines of subject-formation, the humanities.
Exploitation
Authors: Balibar Étienne
Published: May 2018

This chapter analyzes the concept of exploitation. It discusses the unstable correlation of exploitation, domination, and alienation. The Marxist problematic of exploitation has been oscillating between tendencies to essentially read it as domination, and tendencies to read it as alienation. It is inasmuch as we reopen the question of their overlapping and their interdependencies that we may reach a better understanding of what Marx contributes and what he leaves open for a critical articulation of the economic and the political in the present. The chapter argues that any rigorous use of the category “exploitation” should be subjected to a syntactic and semantic question that is a logical preliminary: who or what exploits whom or what? Moreover, exploitation has a history and it means nothing outside of its history: the emergence, development, and transformation of its forms, arising from their internal and external contradictions.
Translation
Authors: Lezra Jacques
Published: May 2018

This chapter sketches the outlines of the prevailing, but conceptually trivial, sense of translation we might be tempted to press into service as a political concept. It describes a different sense of translation, with different futures as a political concept, that flows from the rise of so-called machine translation and which may already organize, and if not already may soon come to organize, the semantic field covered by the term “translation.” Finally, with the help of different sorts of machines entirely, or different sorts of mechanical entities, the chapter attempts to show how these two senses of “translation” should be thought in relation to one another, and then reworked into our understanding of the practices of translation we encounter today.
Introduction
Authors: Bachner Andrea
Published: May 2018

As an introduction, this chapter lays the theoretical groundwork for The Mark of Theory. It traces the importance of inscriptive metaphors as a medium for theoretical thought and explains inscription’s paradoxical rules, especially when wielded in poststructuralist theory. As a liminal concept, one that mediates between signification and materiality, inscription is closely tied to the construction, representation, and destabilization of various differences, such as sex and gender, race and culture, determining the politics and ethics of theoretical thought.
Conclusion
Authors: Bachner Andrea
Published: May 2018

As a conclusion this chapter analyses the negotiation between inscription and erasure in poststructuralist thought. Together with a critique of poststructuralist logic, it probes different stances against inscription: the desire to escape from inscription and, indeed, to forgo marking by invoking the power of the unmarked on the one hand and the critique of the limited figurative economy and indeed disregard for materiality ascribed to inscriptive theories on the other. In spite of their anti-inscriptive stance, however, these interventions still implicitly work within the logical bounds of inscriptive theories. In contrast, The Mark of Theory argues that only a thorough critical working through of the politics and imaginaries of inscription and a scrutiny of the pervasiveness of inscriptive figures can lead to a scenario in which poststructuralist theories can become the prehistories of a thought to come.
Introduction: Derrida’s Marranismo
Authors: Zivin Erin Graff
Published: May 2018

Marrano thinking, for many of the contributors to this volume, comes to signify the very work of deconstruction. Against the reductive and reactionary misreadings of deconstruction’s detractors, against the policing of deconstruction’s borders by the faithful guardians of Derrida’s legacy, marranismo becomes a provocative and promising trope: a model for thinking, in an age where thinking seems to take place “only on the rarest of occasions.”
Marrano Spirit? … and Hispanism, or Responsibility in 2666
Authors: Williams Gareth
Published: May 2018

In “Marrano Spirit? ... and Hispanism, or, Responsibility in 2666,” Gareth Williams challenges the title of the present volume by describing the task of deconstructing (in) Hispanism as something that does not take place outside hegemonic disciplinary boundaries, but rather occupies a fold within: a withdrawal-without-exteriority. He then undertakes a close reading of “The Part About Archimboldi,” the final section of Roberto Bolaño’s 2666, arguing that the character Reiter, a Nazi soldier-turned-writer, withdraws “majoritarian markers of historical imperial domination,” entering a space that is neither properly ethical nor properly unethical. Williams names this withdrawal becoming-marrano, a concept which applies as much to the non-marrano as it does to the marrano, since the marrano enigma is not an identity but a refracting practice, a way of acting and surviving in the face of tyranny in such a way that murder and innocence are incommensurably conjoined as the most intimate wound of non-belonging.”
Scheherazade in Chains
Authors: Frydman Jason
Published: May 2018

The understudied archive of Muslim slave narratives demands a reconfiguration of the early history of New World Black literature, on the one hand asserting Arabic letters and Orientalist mediations as foundational discursive sources while on the other hand directing greater attention to narrative production in West Africa, the Caribbean, and Latin America. Consistently marked in their time and ours by a racist dialectic of amnesia and surprise, these Muslim narrators draw upon devices of the Arab-Islamic tradition even as they anticipate the experiences of administrative detention, of the expired visa, of deportation, and of repatriation. In their enduring oscillation between obscurity and legibility, and in our own efforts to assemble their traces, we must confront and honor these narrators’ eventual retreat from interpellation, a reticence that vexes even as it structures the archive of the Global South Atlantic: resistant, dispersed, decentered, and opaque.
Southern by Degrees
Authors: Hofmeyr Isabel
Published: May 2018

From the perspective of Anglophone literature, the South Atlantic has been something of a blank—in colonial maritime fiction, a prefatory space leading up to the Cape of Storms or on the journey home, a fast-forward space as the ship hurries to the metropole. This article suggests that one way to fill this blank is to focus on the subantarctic islands of the South Atlantic and the Indian Ocean. This insular world played a key role in the scramble for the Antarctic and reproduces the role of islands in imperial expansion elsewhere. The article examines two contrasting literary representations of these island worlds: H. Rider Haggard’s novel Mary of Marion Isle and Yvette Christiansë’s collection of poetry Imprendehora.
Postwar Politics in O Herói and Kangamba
Authors: Millar Lanie
Published: May 2018

The two films O herói [The Hero] (Angola, 2005) and Kangamba (Cuba, 2008) examine the inheritances reconsider the inheritances of Angola’s post-colonial history and Cuba’s most involved internationalist project in Angola from very different perspectives. This article proposes an analysis of how each of the two films cites the revolutionary impulse of the early war years in the context of the post-Cold War confrontation with the global circulation of cultural and economic capital. The popular war epic Kangamba, an example of what historian Rafael Rojas identifies as a post-Cold War restorative impulse that remembers the early years of Cuban revolutionary orthodoxy as stable and purposeful, strikes a discordant contrast with other more critical accounts of the war, which O herói represents through the story of an Angolan ex-soldier, a former prostitute and a presumed orphan struggling to re-integrate into civilian society. Considering the two films together will expose Kangamba’s performance of a defiant gesture toward a contemporary cultural climate increasingly divided in its collective memories of the war while O herói’s engagement with the post-war aesthetics of disillusionment presents effects of war on the human landscape unacknowledged in Kangamba’s nostalgic look back to the height of revolutionary utopian idealism, and suggests that the damage done to the national Angolan fractures and distances it from notions of national or global solidarity.
Carioca Orientalism
Authors: Hassan Waïl S.
Published: May 2018

If Orientalism is a discourse of Western mastery over the “Orient,” as Edward Said argued, what happens when it “travels” to another part of the imperialized world? What are the contours of Brazilian Orientalism? If not driven by imperial interests, what are its ideological investments? This article focuses on the representation of Morocco and Islam in O Clone, a specimen of the highly popular genre of the telenovela that began to air on Brazilian television three weeks after the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001. O Clone depicts Morocco as both a locus of otherness (different religion, strange customs, and sexual mores) and solidarity (another part of the Third World), a repository of authentic spirituality but anti-modern and tradition-bound. This paradoxical construction of national identity reveals the tertiary structure of Brazilian Orientalism, in which the East/West divide of classic Orientalism is triangulated in its “southern” variety.
Figure Pointing in the Humanist Schoolroom
Authors: Rosenfeld Colleen Ruth
Published: May 2018

Early modern teachers routinely compared dialectic to the clenched fist because it was the art with which you sock your listener in his or her face; rhetoric, by contrast, was like the open palm because it was the art with which you gently caressed your listener. Chapter two considers a variant on this commonplace image in Philip Sidney’s Old Arcadia: the empty glove. Drawing on grammar school exercises in reading and writing that treated figures as formulas for composition, it describes the art for which the empty glove was an emblem, the paradigm of composition characteristic of this art, and the social consequences of practicing this art. Against the social and aesthetic imperatives of sprezzatura, it argues for the value of a clumsy, klutzy, awkward poetics, an indecorous art dedicated to sheer or mere style. Early modern theorists tended to justify the existence of poetry’s imaginative worlds on either moral or metaphysical grounds that always insisted on a return to the actual world. Chapter Two considers the indecorous thinking of poetry that refuses to translate the poet’s pleasure into the audience’s profit.
Queenly Fig Trees: Figures of Speech and Decorum
Authors: Rosenfeld Colleen Ruth
Published: May 2018

Chapter three examines how artifice at its most conspicuous assigns an original set of values to the people and objects that populate imaginative worlds. Attending to the work of the epithet in Mary Wroth’s Urania, I argue that an indecorous poetics—one that manufactures stylistic surplus and excess—actively revises traditional hierarchies of value in order to generate an imaginative world that revels in the superlative degree. It may be, as Demetrius suggested in On Style, that using figures of speech to describe a wobbling teacup produces an indecorous alignment of words to things but such a use also distinguishes imaginative realms and their alternative constructions of possibility.
“Such as might best be”: Simile in Edmund Spenser’s Faerie Queene
Authors: Rosenfeld Colleen Ruth
Published: May 2018

Chapter Four follows Braggadochio as he travels through Spenser’s faerie land collecting other men’s ornamenta, a word that describes both the figures of rhetoric and the weapons of war. His story proceeds according to the paradigm of accumulation that underwrote the humanist schoolroom’s central claim to facilitate social mobility. It argues that the early modern simile acted as an engine of accumulation and that its copious productivity resisted the very abstraction upon which humanist theories of reason were predicated. I examine how Spenser casts Braggadochio’s accumulation of comparative images, and the history of composition it implies, as a means of social mobility while also suggesting that simile encodes the time of poetic practice into The Faerie Queene.
The Effective History of Rights
Authors: Zigon Jarrett
Published: May 2018

Chapter one considers a particular genealogical and effective history of the concept of rights to reveal what is called the conceptual proclivity of this concept. Beginning with the inter-Church poverty debates of the late medieval period, this history traces the solidification of this proclivity through some of the key political moments of the ontological tradition of metaphysical humanism, up to its centrality in contemporary politics. By conceptual proclivity it is meant that despite changes and shifts in the meaning and social uses of the concept of rights over time, the actual conceptual manifestations of rights tend to support certain kinds of social and power relationships, institutions, and practices across time. As such, it is argued, there is an essential repetition at the heart of the concept that resists the particular intentions of those who put the concept to use.
Progress; or, The Repetition of Differential Sameness
Authors: Zigon Jarrett
Published: May 2018

Chapter two considers the centrality of the concept of progress in the enactment of the ontological conditions of totality and repetition. This chapter moves between an ontic and ontological analysis of progress to disclose the limits of the political possibilities of metaphysical humanism. In particular, the ways in which rights arguments are made by anti-drug war agonists working in Russia are analysed, and the repetition of differential sameness enacted through their discursive practice is disclosed. What becomes clear is that ontically the enactment of progress ultimately works to limit political and ethical activity within a narrowly defined range of possibilities, thus revealing the essential conservatism of human rights discursive practice. Ontologically, progress is best understood as the temporal projection of the subjectivity of the subject onto all of existence. In this sense progress is shown to be the central temporal concept of metaphysical humanism.
An Ethics of Dwelling
Authors: Zigon Jarrett
Published: May 2018

Chapter four takes up the dilemma posed by what Simon Critchley calls the motivational deficit that accompanies the disappointment in politics today. It is argued that unlike the politics of the a priori that begins with a metaphysical humanist notion of the political subject, a politics of world-building begins with a being-in-a-world with an existential imperative to dwell. Dwelling is here conceived as being-in-a-world in such a way that one is always open to new possibilities that can emerge from one’s world. When one’s world breaks down and becomes uninhabitable, then one is no longer able to dwell in this world. Some respond to this with what is called an ethics of dwelling, which is the subjective experience of doing a politics of worldbuilding. I consider such an ethics through the experience of some anti-drug war agonists from New York City and Vancouver.
Worldbuilding and Attunement
Authors: Zigon Jarrett
Published: May 2018

Chapter five rethinks the concept of responsibility in terms of respond-ability, which is conceived as attunement. Two approaches of the practice of harm reduction—a key element in the anti-drug war movement—are considered to show that while most harm reduction is still practiced with the assumption of a metaphysical humanist subject, a subject burdened by personal responsibility, a politics of world-building is underway in Vancouver, Canada, that begins with the demands of an unbearable world and attempts to build a new world attuned with itself. Attunement, then, like an ethics of dwelling would be a key concept in a politics that begins with a world rather than an a priori subject.
Niketas Stethatos’s Hierarchic Re-Imaging
Authors: Purpura Ashley M.
Published: May 2018

Stethatos takes the Dionysian hierarchic ideal of determining hierarchy based on divine communication to its fullest conclusion. Drawing on his own relationship with the mystical Symeon the New Theologian, he asserts that there may be authentic hierarchs without ordination based on unmediated divine experience. Through this positioning, Stethatos develops his hierarchical discourse to treat key intersections of ecclesiastical tension and pragmatic hierarchical questions in a way that maintains the sacramental efficacy of the Byzantine churc, and acknowledges corruption within it. Stethatos continues in the Dionysian lineage of pressing forward the earthly conception of hierarchy by adopting divine reality as the fundamental determiner of legitimate ecclesiastical hierarchy. Stethatos provides a hierarchical case study for the concretization of hierarchy in the clerical ranks while emphasizing charisma as indicative of the image and presence of God.
Introduction
Authors: Francis X. Clooney S.J. , Stosch Klaus von
Published: May 2018

The fifteen essays collected in How to Do Comparative Theology are the fruits of an August 2014 conference in Paderborn, Germany, which itself was part of a larger conversation involving senior and junior scholars in the field over the five years before that. The conference brought together scholars in the field of comparative theology in the United States and Europe to share their work in this emerging field, and to reflect together on the nature and best methods current today by listening to how each of us actually does it.
The Problem of Choice in Comparative Theology
Authors: Cornille Catherine
Published: May 2018

Catherine Cornille lays out the challenges inherent in developing a unified focus and method for comparative theology. While the possibilities for comparison between religions are almost unlimited, the approaches to the discipline range along a continuum from explicitly confessional to what she calls meta-confessional. In this open situation, some moderate constraints are of great value. Focusing primarily on the confessional grounding of the discipline, Cornille develops a typology of the different ways in which the exercise of comparative theology may lead to new theological insight and growth. She proposes addressing the problem of choice and fragmentation in the field by focusing on certain pressing theological questions or problems within one’s religion and exploring how another religion might shed light on those problems. She points also to the continued importance of the theology of religions as integral to comparative theology.
The Moment of Truth
Authors: Langenfeld Aaron
Published: May 2018

Aaron Langenfeld reflects on how the discipline of comparative theology should be related to the normative grounds for religious truth claims to which theology as a whole is committed. Confirming a fundamental characteristic of comparative theology, he proposes that this challenge cannot be met if the question of truth is neglected; rather, it must be preserved as the central focus in concrete comparative work. To justify this proposition, in his Christian-Muslim work on salvation Langenfeld elaborates a fundamental insight regarding the Muslim critique of Christian anthropology, particularly regarding the concept of original sin, which is presumed in the Christian understanding of salvation and redemption. Langenfeld suggests we can see more easily how comparative theology really does proceed like other substantive forms of theology and thus is fairly measured by familiar theological standards, even if breaking new ground interreligiously.
Embodiment, Anthropology, and Comparison
Authors: Roberts Michelle Voss
Published: May 2018

Michelle Voss Roberts takes to heart the simple insight that theologians are in fact always drawing on various ways of knowing; comparative theology is no exception, and its multifaceted epistemology expects corresponding complexities in theological anthropology. Accordingly, she devotes the core of her essay to the constructive development of such an anthropology with respect to the human faculties by Thomas Aquinas and the Kashmir Saiva theologian Abhinavagupta. His system resonates with Aquinas’s anthropology, generating resonances that are enhanced by their epistemologies’ nuanced and flexible epistemological contribution to theologies of the body, the senses, and other faculties. In this light, constructive comparative theology can be seen as a practice of thinking-feeling with the categories and questions of another tradition. At the conclusion of her essay, Voss Roberts highlights the value of attending to various embodied faculties, including reason itself, awareness of the elements, the physical senses, the emotions, and even limit cases such as apophatic unknowing.
Methodological Considerations on the Role of Experience in Comparative Theology
Authors: O’Donnell Emma
Published: May 2018

Emma O’Donnell explores the implications of the fact that comparative theology primarily based in textual studies has to date been the norm in comparative theology. While textual study tends to be central to most theological work and has provided strong foundations for comparative theology too, the operative intellectual virtues—close attention to detail, reflective and patient learning, openness to change—can also be taken outside the text, so to speak, in order to pave the way for a new methodology attuned to the richer and living contexts in which texts are composed, read, and lived. Accordingly, O’Donnell explores the possibility of comparative theological work grounded in the experiential elements of faith. A comparative study of religious experience, for instance, has the capacity to bring to light specific aspects of interreligious relationships such as will not be evident simply through textual study.
Parrots and Starlings
Authors: GoGwilt Christopher , Holm Melanie D.
Published: May 2018

This chapter introduces the sense in which “mocking birds” applies to a range of birds that mimic and introduces the different kinds of “technologies” (avian, human, interspecies, poetic, mechanic, etc.) variously addressed by the volume’s contributors. Taking the pairing of parrot and starling as paradigmatic across a range of different philological traditions, the introduction surveys some of the foundational theoretical and methodological problems for the human sciences presented by the topic of bird mimicry. The parrot, global sign of a long history of human-animal mimicry, appears everywhere across different linguistic and literary traditions, a familiar and exotic trope that is something of a touchstone for postcolonial studies. The starling adds to that familiar and exotic trope a complication of classification, cultural difference, and bio-diversity (including all the various mynah birds also called starlings). The foundational problems of bird and word classification posed by parrot and starling extend to the range of scientific, poetic, linguistic, and post-human issues discussed by the volume as a whole, whether addressing this bird, that bird, or even no bird at all.
A Volatile Unity: Coleridge, Starling Murmurations, and Romantic Form
Authors: Sourgen Gavin
Published: May 2018

Drawing from Coleridge’s famous account of a murmuration of starlings witnessed on a carriage ride to London in 1799, this chapter expores the complex formal deliberation on the nature of containment and energy in works by major Romantic writers. Reviewing a range of starling appearances in Coleridge and in the work of his predecessors, contemporaries, and inheritors, including Dante, Thelwall, Carlyle, Wordsworth, Byron, and Hughes, the chapter argues that Coleridge’s starling episode exemplifies a Romantic vision of organic form. The resulting aesthetic of mobile unity insists that poetry which imitates nature must capture its living form.
Words Are for the Birds: “Non-reasoning Creatures Capable of Speech” in the Writings of Schreber and Poe
Authors: Conway Joe
Published: May 2018

This chapter explores the role of talking birds in the work of Freud’s famous patient Daniel Paul Schreber and the American poet Edgar Allan Poe. As a way to resist the persecution of talking birds in his Memoirs of My Nervous Illness, Schreber privileged voice over speech, phone over logos, in ways comparable to the principles of poetic composition described by Poe in his choice of the raven as a “non-reasoning creature capable of speech.” An analogous effect is found in the nonhuman voice of the automaton at the center of Poe’s 1839 story “The Man That Was Used Up.” Reading the works of Schreber and Poe together, the chapter shows how the writings of both insist on the sonic materiality of language and demonstrate the liberating potential of puns.
Splitting the Lyric Lark; or, Dickinson’s Music Box
Authors: Moore Isabel A.
Published: May 2018

This chapter focuses on critical responses to Emily Dickinson’s poem “Split the Lark,” dissecting their assumptions about lyric form. Entertaining a skepticism about the vivification and hypostacization of lyric, and drawing from Virginia Jackson’s arguments about lyric reading and Daniel Tiffany’s theory of lyric substance, the chapter explores the implications of all these assumptions and theories of lyric form for a reading of Dickinson’s poem. Following the various debates about how to read Dickinson’s lyric lark, the chapter offers another alternative to complicate still more the question of lyric form: namely, reading the lark as a reference to a “Serinette,” a music box designed to train birds to sing. Rather than simply substituting the hypostasized lyric form of earlier interpretations with a reading that emphasizes the material and historical form of the lark as hypothesized music box, this chapter extends, instead, a skeptical reading of lyric split between human, bird, and machine.
The Starling’s Whistle: Autophilology and the Order of Osip Mandel’shtam’s Birds
Authors: Meyer Holt Vincent
Published: May 2018

This chapter examines the role of birds and bird formations in Osip Mandel’shtam’s poetry. With special attention to the figure of the starling in a late poem from the 1930s, the chapter explores the ambiguity of its “whistle” not only as an index of the difficult conditions the poet faced in the last years of his life under Stalinism, but also as a point of reference for the changing figuration of birds throughout his poetry. Drawing on Deleuze and Guattari’s references to birdsong (ambiguously figuring both territorialization and de-territorialization), the chapter studies the significance of Mandel’shtam’s reading of collective bird formations in Dante’s Divine Comedy in the late essay “Conversation about Dante.” Revealing the “autophilological” direction of Mandel’shtam’s poetry as a whole, this essay’s reading of the order and disorder of Dante’s bird formations reproduces an underlying problem of bird figuration elsewhere in Mandel’shtam, whether in poems about collective bird forms (cranes or starlings), or individual birds (goldfinch or swallow). All of these are reflected on, if elliptically, in the ambiguous mimicry of the starling’s whistle.
Introduction
Authors: Heron Nicholas
Published: May 2018

The introduction positions the book’s argument in relation to the twentieth-century debate on political theology, with a particular emphasis on the contemporary Italian philosopher Giorgio Agamben’s recent revaluation of it. This revaluation, the introduction contends, necessitates an overhaul of the prevailing conceptual lexicon of political theology. The ensuing book will seek to delineate the specific technology of power whose forms and whose modalities become discernible only in the light of this overhaul.
Liturgical Power
Authors: Heron Nicholas
Published: May 2018

The second chapter seeks to deepen and extend Agamben’s analysis by describing the terms of a specifically Christian technology of power. Its point of departure is Erik Peterson’s suggestion that the form of political action specific to Christianity coincides with the Church’s appropriation of the practice that in the ancient Greek polis was termed leitourgia; a suggestion which in turn stimulates a reappraisal of Foucault’s influential notion of pastoral power. “Pastoral power,” the chapter argues, on the basis of a detailed reconstruction of the semantic history of the term (laos) that in the Greek biblical tradition designates the “people” as the referent of pastoral intervention, is more precisely conceived as “liturgical power.” Only by emphasising its liturgical dimension, it contends, can we fully grasp the stakes of the process that Foucault himself suggestively described as the “institutionalisation of the pastorate” and which coincides with the establishment of a fundamental division in the single people of God.
Conclusion
Authors: Heron Nicholas
Published: May 2018

The short conclusion retraces the book’s argument by returning to its point of departure. Against Schmitt, whose political theology was intended to arrest the process of depoliticization he saw as characteristic of modernity, this book has sought instead to demonstrate the theological origins of depoliticization itself. Liturgical power—the distinctive features of whose paradigm are presented here in thesis form—is shown, finally, to be able to survive the evacuation of the transcendental horizon that originally gave it its sense and its direction.
CSR and Financial Performance: Trick Or Treat? A Longitudinal Study on Holistic CSR Practices
Authors: Salvi Antonio , Petruzzella Felice , Giakoumelou Anastasia
Published: May 2018

This paper aims to test the impact that a firm’s adopted CSR level has on its financial performance, in terms of accounting, financial and market-based measures. In particular, we employ a panel OLS analysis to test the effect of firm’s sustainable efforts (measured by the “Sustainable score”, a tailor-made variable) on three performance measures: return on assets (ROA), return on equity (ROE) and Tobin’s Q.This work provides for methodological differences that led to divergent research results over existing literature in the field, examining the relationship of interest within three timeframes that exploit underlying dynamics over both long- and short-term horizons. Furthermore, we contributed to current knowledge focusing on the effect of holistic CSR practices on financial performance and examining the impact of the 2007 financial crisis on the relationship. To that end, we have employed a customized measure to represent effective CSR practices that go beyond CSR-washing cases and studies of CSR through single-dimension variables, while quantitatively exploring the relationship of interest within three separate time periods that span both before and after the financial meltdown of 2007.Results highlight a positive relationship between the operating and financial performance of companies and their sustainability commitment. What is more, findings indicate that CSR individual actions do not produce any significant impact on firms’ performance, unless applied jointly through a holistic sustainability strategy.  Finally, the relationship between the sustainability level of a firm and its financial performance presents various significance levels and temporal profiles, with the years to follow the financial downturn of 2007 presenting the strongest results as opposed to the absence of important influence during the pre-crisis period.
Investigating the use of readability metrics to detect differences in written productions of learners: a corpus-based study
Authors: Lissón Paula
Published: May 2018

This paper deals with the use of readability metrics as indices of learmers' linguistic features in a written corpus of Spanish learners of English L2. Seventeen measures of readability are presented and computed for 200 samples of written argumentative essays extracted from the corpus NOCE (Díaz-Negrillo, 2007). Support Vector Machines (SVM) are used in order to detect which are the metrics that perform better at detecting differences in learners’ productions belonging to students enrolled in the first or in the second year of an English major. Metrics based on sentence length, number of sentences, and number of polysyllabic words are reported to be the most accurate ones for the classification of learners' linguistic features.
Translanguaging engagement: Dynamic multilingualism and university language engagement programmes
Authors: Bradley Jessica
Published: May 2018

This thought piece reflects on the implications of the author’s research on translanguaging for university language engagement work with children and young people in schools and colleges. It presents the LangScape Curators project as an example of possible directions for research and practice in this area.
DIFFICULTIES AND BARRIERS FOR THE IMPLEMENTING OF MARKETING MODEL IN WROCLAW UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
Authors: Malara Zbigniew , Ryńca Radosław , Ziaeian Yasmin
Published: May 2018

Higher education marketing plays a critical role in attracting new students. Buildin awareness and perception among potential students can effectively set the stage for targete recruiting efforts by the admissions team and communications programs by publi relations. Therefore, in this study will be focused on difficulties and barriers, which Wrocla University of Science and Technology faced them to implement the marketing models.
VALUATION OF COMPANIES BASED ON REAL OPTION APPROACH
Authors: Michalski Dariusz
Published: May 2018

Traditional way of companies valuation based on discounted cash-flows do not consider the value of flexibility that managers can create. The objective of this article is the presentation of the theoretical aspects of companies valuation with real option’s approach and DCF method. The case study regards the power plant valuation. Author took assumptions that valuation method based only on DCF do not considers in proper way the flexibility connected to future companies activity. The development of valuation method by real option approach can complete these deficiencies in random environment.
Other Humanities
Authors: Parikh Crystal
Published: May 2018

Examining the International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination, Chapter One tracks how, in the final years of the Cold War, authors such as Ernest Gaines and Maxine Hong Kingston re-membered transnational forms of Afro-Asian solidarity that laid claim to the right to self determination, as well as social and economic rights.
Women in Traffic: Toward a Feminist Automobility
Authors: Green-Simms Lindsey B.
Published: May 2018

Chapter 5 looks at the way that feminist texts re-write and work in dialogue with the male-centered films and novels where the car is a sign of patriarchal power and capitalist achievement. This chapter argues that in films and novels where women are the drivers, the car figures much less as a sign of upward mobility and elite status and instead highlights the ambivalence with which financially independent women move through West African urban centers.
ESTUDO DE IMPACTO DE VIZINHANÇA: AVALIAÇÃO APÓS 15 ANOS DE ESTATUTO DA CIDADE
Authors: Wütrich Fabiana
Published: May 2018

O artigo objetiva contribuir com a discussão da aplicabilidade do Estudo de Impacto de Vizinhança, instrumento de política urbana incluído no Estatuto da Cidade. Para tanto, são apresentados dados que permitem o reconhecimento quantitativo da sua incorporação pelos municípios, demonstrando a sua situação 15 anos após aprovação da lei federal, assim como uma análise qualitativa, concentrada no aglomerado metropolitano de Curitiba. Os resultados obtidos permitem apontar desafios e recomendações de modo a orientar a elaboração de leis específicas no âmbito municipal.
O USO DO ESPAÇO RESIDENCIAL NA CIDADE DE SÃO PAULO DURANTE O PERÍODO COLONIAL
Authors: Novakoski Rogério
Published: May 2018

Este artigo propõe uma análise do programa funcional das casas coloniais da elite social paulistana, principalmente dos sobrados dos séculos XVIII e XIX, na área urbana da cidade, para a melhor compreensão do uso espacial da área interna dessas casas, do modo de vida e das necessidades de seus proprietários, da relação entre homens e mulheres e da convivência com os escravos dentro da mesma edificação. Muito se fala da estética arquitetônica, no entanto há poucos estudos sobre o programa funcional e suas mudanças com o passar do tempo. Hoje, não se sabe tanto sobre o modo de vida dentro dos casebres e sobrados do período colonial em São Paulo, mesmo porque, infelizmente, não se tem mais uma arquitetura existente capaz de contar bem a história dos primeiros séculos da cidade. A metodologia desta pesquisa é bibliográfica e documental, pautada em levantamentos e análises de trabalhos nas áreas da Arquitetura, do Urbanismo, da Sociologia e da Antropologia; e também em algumas figuras e fotografias.
A ARQUITETURA DE UMA CONSTELAÇÃO
Authors: Silva Bomfim Alexandre Mesquita
Published: May 2018

Apesar de suas obras representarem uma parcela mínima da produção mundial, os trabalhos dos arquitetos-estrela compõem o conjunto com maior expressividade em nosso campo. Com formas inusitadas, sua arquitetura é um fenômeno social e ideológico, pois não questiona o domínio do Capital sobre a produção do espaço. Porém, começa a surgir uma nova arquitetura estelar, com preocupações sociais, ensejando a formação de novos signos a comporem a consciência simbólica dos sujeitos, o que é elemento importante para que a arquitetura possa ser repensada para o bem da sociedade.
Planning
Authors: Banham Tony
Published: May 2018

Chapter One describes the historical context of the planning of the evacuation. It considers the changes after the Great War that led to a possible future evacuation being considered, the legal steps for an evacuation to be made mandatory, and Hong Kong’s experience of itself receiving evacuees from Shanghai. It looks at the creation of the evacuation plan in a time of growing unrest in China and growing certainty of European conflict, and considers the differences between Hong Kong’s and other evacuations. It notes the relative naivety and incompleteness of the plan, with its insufficient thought on the impact of location of the chosen final destination, the racial aspects of the population to be evacuated, and contingencies in case of either the Japanese invasion not occurring (and evacuation thus needing to be reversed in an orderly manner), or war starting and ending (necessitating a post-war repatriation). Before exploring the triggers of the final order to evacuate, it establishes the differences in status and attitudes between the military families and civilians (of all nationalities) and the pre-evacuation economic and social positions of those to be evacuated: most having servants, family support, social or military status, secure futures, and dependence upon husbands.