bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Biochemical and molecuar marker based screening of seed longevity in soybean [Glycine max ( L.) Merill ]
Authors: Pawar P. V. , Naik R. M. , Deshmukh M. P. , Satbhai R. D. , Mohite S. G.
Published: February 2018

The soybean seed is highly susceptible to field weathering and mechanical damage which adversely affect its longevity. Mechanical injury can occur at any time during harvesting, drying and storage conditioning of seeds. The seed coat color and leachate conductivity of soybean has been correlated with seed longevity and black seed coat color has been reported to be positively correlated with better seed longevity. In order to understand the physico-chemical attributes related to soybean seed longevity, biochemical and molecular analysis of the parents exhibiting black (Birsasoya-1) and yellow seed coat colour (EC 241780) and the eleven F3 progenies of the cross exhibiting brown, yellow and black seed coat colour was carried out. The results revealed that vita-E, lignin, calcium content and activity of antioxidative enzymes appeared to be positively correlated with soybean seed longevity and levels were higher in black and brown seed coat color progenies. The lipid peroxidation rate was inversely related to membrane injury caused by ROS and comparatively much less lipid peroxidation rate was recorded in black and brown seed coat colour parents and progenies having better seed longevity. The SSR primers Satt162, Satt523 and Satt453 which are either linked with seed coat colour and seed permeability exhibited a specific size allelic fragments in soybean genotypes and crosses with better seed longevity.
Rice bodies at bilateral subacromial bursa
Authors: Akıncı Orhan
Published: February 2018

Rice bodies with synovial origin look like cartilagie and they are usually composed of fibrin. Tuberculosis, rheumatoid arthritis or other seronegative arthropathies may be the etiology. In this report, a 48-year-old women patient was presented with mild pain and swelling soft tissue masses in both shoulder measuring 7x7 cm. There was no history of trauma. Laboratory tests were normal. Exhaustive investigations for rheumatic disease were negative. Soft tissue masses was regarded as subacromial origin. Both masses were surgically removed and were found to include numerous rice bodies. The patient regained a full and painless range of motion in about 15 days. In the 2-year follow-up, she had neither complaints nor signs of rheumatological disease.
Adolescent Pregnancy Prevention Among Youths Living in Group Care Homes: A Cluster Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Oman Roy F. , Vesely Sara K. , Green Jennifer , Clements-Nolle Kristen , Lu Minggen
Published: February 2018

Objectives. To determine if the Power Through Choices (PTC) intervention can increase the use of birth control and reduce pregnancy among system-involved youths living in group care homes.

Methods. We performed a 2-arm cluster randomized controlled trial involving group care homes operated by child welfare or juvenile justice systems in California, Maryland, and Oklahoma with assessments immediately before and after the intervention, and at 6- and 12-month follow-up. We collected data from 2012 to 2014 via self-administered questionnaires. Participants (n = 1036) were young (mean age = 16.1 years), predominantly male (79%), racially/ethnically diverse (37% Hispanic, 20% Black, 21% White, 17% multiracial), and sexually experienced (88%).

Results. At 6-month follow-up, participants in the intervention group had significantly lower odds of having recent sexual intercourse without using birth control (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 0.72; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.52, 0.98). At 12-month follow-up assessment, participants in the intervention group had significantly lower odds of ever being pregnant or getting someone pregnant (AOR = 0.67; 95% CI = 0.46, 0.99).

Conclusions. The results suggest that PTC is an effective sexual health education intervention that can be implemented with system-involved youths who represent a sexually experienced multiracial youth population.
Chronic Osteomyelitis with Staphylococcus aureus Deformation in Submicron Canaliculi of Osteocytes
Authors: de Mesy Bentley Karen L. , MacDonald Ashlee , Schwarz Edward M. , Oh Irvin
Published: February 2018

Case:

A patient presenting with an infected diabetic foot ulcer and Staphylococcus aureus chronic osteomyelitis was studied to validate the clinical importance of bacterial colonization of osteocytic-canalicular networks, as we recently reported in a mouse model. We utilized transmission electron microscopy to describe the deformation of S. aureus, from round cocci to rod-shaped bacteria, in the submicron osteocytic-canalicular networks of amputated bone tissue.

Conclusion:

To our knowledge, this is the first evidence of S. aureus deformation and invasion of the osteocytic-canalicular system in human bone, which supports a new mechanism of persistence in the pathogenesis of chronic osteomyelitis.
Results of sanitary-veterinary examination of fish in Poland in 2010–2016
Authors: PYZ-ŁUKASIK RENATA , SZKUCIK KRZYSZTOF , PASZKIEWICZ WALDEMAR , DROZD ŁUKASZ
Published: February 2018

Fish and other fishery products are subjected to the official sanitary-veterinary controls as required by Regulation (EC) No 854/2004. The aim of the study was to analyse the results of sanitary-veterinary examinations of fish in Poland in 2010–2016 conducted by the Veterinary Inspection. The results of the laboratory examination on fish were worked out based on the annual reports issued by the General Veterinary Inspectorate. The analysis of the results included the sanitary-veterinary examination of marine and farmed fish (salmonids, cyprinids and other fish species) carried out by the Veterinary Inspection. Moreover, the sanitary evaluation of samples of fish, seafood and their products on the basis of microbiological, chemical and sensory analysis results performed by the State Sanitary Inspection (PIS) were used. Throughout the analyzed period, a total of 1436109009.60 kg of fish were examined, in that 145711.71 kg (0.01%) were declared unfit for human consumption. The most important reasons for fish rejection proved to be parasite invasions (45.91% of the total amount of discarded fish), viral diseases (41.74%), bacterial diseases (9.71%) and the exceeded acceptable level of histamine (2.56%) and dioxins (0.07%). The sanitary examination of the food samples carried out by the PIS showed that the causes of rejection included the surpassed levels of food additives (2.3–2.7% of all the discarded samples) and chemical contaminants (1.4–2.4%) as well as abnormal microbiological and sensory tests results (0.1–1.2%). Summing up, the amount of fish rejected during the analyzed period was low which indicates the good quality of the obtained raw material..
“Three-Step Approach” Versus “See-and-Treat Procedure” in women with “High Grade Squamous Intraepithelial Lesion” (HSIL) or “Atypical Squamous Cells cannot exclude HSIL” (ASC-H) Cytology
Authors: Sari Mustafa Erkan , Yalcin Ibrahim , Sahin Hanifi , Meydanli Mehmet Mutlu , Gungor Tayfun
Published: February 2018

Objective: The purpose of this study was to examine the correlation between histological findings in women with HSIL or ASC-H who have undergone loop electrosurgical excisional procedure with “Three-Step Approach” and “See-and-Treat Procedure".Study Design: A retrospective review was performed in 171 women with cytologically detected HSIL or ASC-H. Sixty five women with HSIL cytology and 35 women with ASC-H cytology were managed by “Three-Step Approach”, 35 women with ASC-H and 36 women with HSIL cytology were managed by "See-and-Treat Procedure”. Rates of histopathological findings were compared in two strategies with respect to previous cytology.Results: Fifteen women with ASC-H (42.9%), and 24 women with HSIL (68.5%) had CIN 2-3 at loop electrosurgical excisional procedure specimens in the “See-and-Treat” group whereas 14 women with ASC-H (38.8%), and 43 women with HSIL (66.2%) had CIN 2-3 at loop electrosurgical excisional procedure specimens in the “Three-Step Approach” group. There was no significant difference in the rate of CIN 2+ lesions when two strategies were compared in women with HSIL and ASC-H (p=0.71 and p=0.72, respectively). The overtreatment rates were 22.9% and 48.6% for HSIL and ASC-H cytology, respectively in the “See and Treat” group.Conclusion: In the ASC-H group, the rate of CIN 2+ lesions is significantly high (51.4%). It seems rational to perform “See-and-Treat procedure” in the setting of ASC-H smears although the overtreatment rate seems to be high. Because of the rate of overtreatment, the “Three-Step Approach” seems to be more reasonable in women with ASC-H cytology who also have fertility concerns. After a cytological diagnosis of HSIL, “see and treat” approach seems to be a safe and time saving strategy.
Estimating scenarios for domestic water demand under drought conditions in England and Wales
Authors: Anderson B. , Manouseli D. , Nagarajan M.
Published: February 2018

This paper presents preliminary results from the development of the IMPETUS model, a domestic water demand microsimulation model which was developed to estimate the results of a range of scenarios of domestic demand under drought conditions. The model is intended to enable water resource management practitioners to assess the likely impact of potential interventions in particular catchment areas. It has been designed to be driven by seasonal catchment level forecasts of potential hydrological droughts based on innovative climate and groundwater models. The current version of the model is driven by reconstructed historical drought data for the Colne catchment in the east of England from 1995 to 2014. This provides a framework of five drought phases (Normal, Developing, Drought, Severe Drought and Recovering) which are mapped to policy driven interventions such as increased provision of water efficiency technologies and temporary water-use bans. The model uses UK Census 2011 data to develop a synthetic household population that matches the socio-demographics of the catchment and it microsimulates (at the household level) the consequences of water efficiency interventions retrospectively (1995–2014). Demand estimates for reconstructed drought histories demonstrate that the model is able to adequately estimate end-use water consumption. Also, the potential value of the model in supporting cost-benefit analysis of specific interventions is illustrated. We conclude by discussing future directions for the work.
Wolność ludzka w ujęciu Jana Jakuba Rousseau
Authors: Zawadzka Sylwia
Published: February 2018

Jan Jakub Rousseau broni wolności człowieka w wymiarze indywidualnym i społecznym. Podstawą wolności jest wolność naturalna, właściwa człowiekowi pierwotnemu, żyjącemu w stanie natury. Wolność pierwotna jest posłuszeństwem wobec praw natury. W sferze społecznej odpowiada jej wolność jako posłuszeństwo woli powszechnej, przejawiającej się w prawie. W życiu osobistym wolność polega na wyrzeczeniu się sztucznych potrzeb.
Znaczenie językowe i kontekst z perspektywy kontekstualizmu i minimalizmu semantycznego
Authors: Buczkowska Janina
Published: February 2018

Artykuł nawiązuje do jednej z najbardziej intensywnych dyskusji we współczesnej filozofii języka, jaką jest spór o zasięg i charakter wpływu kontekstu wypowiedzi na znaczenie użytych w niej wyrażeń, gdzie kontekst jest rozumiany bardzo ogólnie, jako „zewnętrzne okoliczności, które wykorzystywane są przez uczestników sytuacji komunikacyjnej do określenia pewnej własności pewnej jednostki językowej”. Jest to w istocie spór o autonomię semantyki. Spornymi stanowiskami w toczonej debacie są kontekstualizm i minimalizm semantyczny.    Zaproponowane ujęcie wypowiedzi jako celowego i racjonalnego aktu komunikacji, w którym wyrażenie językowe i kontekst stanowią odrębne źródła informacji będącej przedmiotem interpretacji wypowiedzi, pozwoliło bardziej szczegółowo określić rolę kontekstu i znaczenia językowego w determinowaniu treści wypowiedzi. Z tej perspektywy została przeprowadzona analiza wypowiedzi zdania ‘Jan jest wysoki’ w trzech różnych kontekstach, co pozwoliło lepiej ocenić siłę argumentów badanych stanowisk.    Rozważania zostały przeprowadzone jako próba obrony minimalizmu semantycznego, który utrzymuje, że grupa wyrażeń, których znaczenia zależą od kontekstu, ogranicza się do typowych wyrażeń okazjonalnych. Wpływ kontekstu na wyrażenia spoza tej grupy zaznacza się jedynie na płaszczyźnie pragmatycznej. Procesy pragmatyczne nie zmieniają znaczenia językowego wyrażeń użytych do sformułowania wypowiedzi, a jedynie wpływają na interpretację wypowiedzi. Zdania języka po usunięciu typowych wyrażeń okazjonalnych wyrażają sądy minimalne i nie wymagają dodatkowej informacji kontekstowej. Minimalizm semantyczny pozostaje w opozycji do stanowiska kontekstualizmu głoszącego, że niemal wszystkie wyrażenia języka naturalnego są wrażliwe na kontekst, który moduluje ich znaczenie na poziomie semantycznym. Zgodnie ze stanowiskiem kontekstualizmu zdania języka, takie jak np. ‘Jan jest wysoki’, nie mają określonych warunków prawdziwości, gdyż warunki prawdziwości można przypisać tylko konkretnym wypowiedziom, a nie zdaniom rozumianym jako wyrażenia językowe.    Przeprowadzona analiza użycia w różnych kontekstach zdania należącego do spornej grupy dostarcza argumentów na rzecz minimalizmu semantycznego. Pokazuje ona, że zarówno samo słowo ‘wysoki’ posiada pewną treść wspólną dla wszystkich kontekstów i odniesień, jak też zdanie ‘Jan jest wysoki’ formułuje pewien sąd minimalny o określonych warunkach prawdziwości.
O walorach poznawczych negatywnego ujmowania … świadomości (?)
Authors: Krzyżewski Krzysztof
Published: February 2018

Tak bogata, wielowątkowa i wewnętrznie zróżnicowana tradycja problematyki świadomości, jak i jej wyjątkowa złożoność i trudność, jednoznacznie „podpowiada” oraz uzasadnia nieodrzucanie zaraz na początku, z góry, jakichkolwiek możliwości podejścia do tego szczególnego przedmiotu i jakichkolwiek sposobów jego ujmowania; w tym możliwości podejścia apofatycznego i apofatycznego sposobu ujmowania go. Ich poznawcze walory zdaje się sugerować możliwa, przynajmniej możliwa, interpretacja: zasady ekonomii wyjaśniania (parsimony principle) – podstawowej zasady określającej tryb wyjaśniania realizowany z perspektywy trzecioosobowej – w kategoriach negatywnych i pozytywnych momentów/wątków jej zawartości, Ayera eksplikacji fenomenu prywatności oraz Marcela propozycji ukazania specyfiki (konstruktu) świadomości przy pomocy idiomu over and above, wskazującego nie tylko na nie-zwyczajność świadomości jako konstruktu wyjaśniającego, lecz także odsyłającego do nie-zwyczajności wyjaśnianego przezeń zachowania. Takie apofatyczne podejście – najpierw do zachowania, a potem jego mechanizmu – i takie ich (zachowania i jego mechanizmu) najpierw apofatyczne ujęcie zdaje się naprowadzać tak na samą możliwość, jak i na kierunek oraz sposób pozytywnego do nich podejścia i zawartość pozytywnego ich ujęcia; i taki zdaje się być ich (podejścia i ujęcia) podstawowy poznawczy walor. To, czy ten tryb roboty, zastosowany do pewnej postaci prywatności – wyróżnionej jeszcze na etapie negatywnego do niej podejścia i jej negatywnego jeszcze ujęcia – pozwoli później, na etapie pozytywnego już do niej podejścia i pozytywnego już jej ujęcia, w pewnym momencie na jej identyfikację z najmocniej rozumianą świadomością, to najważniejsza, ale zarazem i najtrudniejsza, z pozostających do rozważenia spraw.
O pewnym założeniu twierdzenia Bella
Authors: Czerniawski Jan
Published: February 2018

Dowód twierdzenia Bella sprowadza się do wyprowadzenia którejś z nierówności Bella. W ich standardowych wyprowadzeniach jednak kluczową rolę odgrywa warunek faktoryzowalności łącznego prawdopodobieństwa warunkowego, który można uzyskać jako konsekwencję dwóch innych warunków, znanych jako parameter independence i outcome independence. Pierwszy z nich jest dość oczywistym wyrazem warunku lokalności, natomiast drugi budzi wątpliwości. Ponieważ jednak jest on uszczegółowieniem warunku screening off zasady wspólnej przyczyny, jego podważenie wymagałoby zakwestionowania również tego warunku. Gdyby się to powiodło, efektywny dowód twierdzenia Bella wymagałby wyprowadzenia nierówności Bella nie wykorzystującego żadnego uszczegółowienia warunku screening off. Przestawiona zostanie sugestia kierunku, w jakim powinny iść poszukiwania modelu naruszającego ten warunek.
Analytical Approaches to the Characterization of Solid Drug Delivery Systems with Porous Adsorbent Carriers
Authors: Krstić Marko , Ražić Slavica
Published: February 2018

A large variety of analytical techniques are available to meet the needs of characterization
of solid samples. But, when solid drug delivery systems are concerned we are faced
with demanding methodologies which have to compile capabilities of analytical techniques in
regard to large diversity of structures and surface functionality of analyzed adsorbent carriers.
In this review, the most commonly used analytical techniques are presented with their basic
principles, advantages and disadvantages in applications of interest. Adsorbent carriers are
widely used today as ingredients in the formulation of pharmaceutical forms, for increasing
the dissolution rate of the drug and hence the bioavailability. They are also used in the formulation
of substances with modified or target drug release into a specific tissue. Methods of
thermal analysis (Thermogravimetry - TGA, Differential Scanning Calorimetry - DSC and
Thermal microscopy - TM), spectroscopic methods (Infrared Spectroscopy - IR, especially
Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy - FTIR and Raman spectroscopy), crystallographic
methods (Powder X-Ray Diffraction - PXRD) and finally Scanning Electron Microscopy
(SEM) are the most powerful in the characterization of modern therapeutic systems with porous
adsorbents. The problem-solving power of each particular analytical method is often enhanced
by using simultaneous methods rather than a single technique.
Bacterial Luciferase Gene Cassette as a Real-time Bioreporter for Infection Model and Drug Evaluation
Authors: Wang Xiwen , Chi Hang , Zhou Bo , Li Wenliang , Li Zhiping , Xia Zhiping
Published: February 2018

The bacterial luciferase gene cassette (lux) is an ideal bioreporter for real-time monitoring of the dynamics
of bacteria because it is a fully autonomous, substrate-free bioluminescent reporter system available in a
prokaryotic or eukaryotic host background. The lux operon is emerging as a powerful bioreporter for the study of
a wide range of biological processes such as gene function, drug discovery and development, cellular trafficking,
protein-protein interactions, and especially tumorigenesis and cancer treatment. Furthermore, the use of a high
signal to noise bioluminescent bioreporter is quickly replacing traditional fluorescent bioreporter because of the
lack of endogenous bioluminescent reactions in living animals. This review briefly describes how the lux operon
is used for bioluminescence imaging. Current advances in bioluminescence bacteria development are summarized,
focusing on their construction strategy and applications in bacterial infection and antibiotic treatment. Different
construction methods of lux-expressing cell lines are also discussed. Taken together, this review provides
valuable guidelines toward the development of an ideal bioluminescent bacteria or cell lines to evaluate the efficacy
of a drug.
Hydrogels as Antibacterial Biomaterials
Authors: Xu Weiguo , Dong Shujun , Han Yuping , Li Shuqiang , Liu Yang
Published: February 2018

Hydrogels, as a class of materials for tissue engineering and drug delivery, have high water content and
solid-like mechanical properties. Currently, hydrogels with an antibacterial function are a research hotspot in
biomedical field. Many advanced antibacterial hydrogels have been developed, each possessing unique qualities,
namely high water swellability, high oxygen permeability, improved biocompatibility, ease of loading and releasing
drugs and structural diversity. In this article, an overview is provided on the preparation and applications of
various antibacterial hydrogels. Furthermore, the prospects in biomedical researches and clinical applications are
predicted.
Pyrazole Schiff Base Hybrids as Anti-Malarial Agents: Synthesis, In Vitro Screening and Computational Study
Authors: Aggarwal Shilpy , Paliwal Deepika , Kaushik Dhirender , Gupta Girish Kumar , Kumar Ajay
Published: February 2018

Background:

Malaria is one of the most vital infectious diseases caused by protozoan
parasites of the Plasmodium genus. As P. falciparum, the cause of most of the severe cases of
malaria, is increasingly resistant to available drugs such as amodioquine, chloroquine, artemisinin,
and antifolates, there is an urgent need to identify new targets for chemotherapy.

Objective:

This study screened novel pyrazole derivatives carrying iminium & benzothiazole group
for antimalarial potential against P. falciparum chloroquine sensitive (3D7) strain.

Materials & Methods:

Several pyrazole schiff base hybrids with a wide range of substitution have
been synthesized via condensation of substituted aniline with substituted 4-formylpyrazole and
evaluated for their in vitro antimalarial activity against asexual blood stages of human malaria
parasite, Plasmodium falciparum. The interaction of these conjugate hybrids was also investigated
by molecular docking studies in the binding site of P. falciparum cystein protease falcipain-2. The
pharmacokinetic properties were also studied using ADME prediction.

Results:

Among all compounds, 6bf and 6bd were found to be potential molecules with EC50
1.95µg/ml and 1.98µg/ml respectively. Docking study results reveal that the pyrazole schiff base
derivatives occupy the PfFP binding sites and they show good interactions with significant values of
binding energies.

Conclusion:

We provide evidence which implicates pyrazole Schiff base hybrids as potential
prototypes for the development of antimalarial agents.
Involvement of PI3K, Akt and RhoA in Oestradiol Regulation of Cardiac iNOS Expression
Authors: Zafirovic Sonja , Sudar-Milovanovic Emina , Obradovic Milan , Djordjevic Jelena , Jasnic Nebojsa , Borovic Milica Labudovic , Isenovic Esma R.
Published: February 2018

Background: Oestradiol is an important regulatory factor with several positive effects on the cardiovascular (CV) system. We evaluated the molecular mechanism of the in vivo effects of oestradiol on the regulation of cardiac inducible nitric oxide (NO) synthase (iNOS) expression and activity.  Methods: Male Wistar rats were treated with oestradiol (40 mg/kg, intraperitoneally) and after 24 h the animals were sacrificed. The concentrations of NO and L-Arginine (L-Arg) were determined spectrophotometrically. For protein expressions of iNOS, p65 subunit of nuclear factor-κB (NFκB-p65), Ras homolog gene family-member A (RhoA), angiotensin II receptor type 1 (AT1R), insulin receptor substrate 1 (IRS-1), p85, p110 and protein kinase B (Akt), Western blot method was used. Coimmunoprecipitation was used for measuring the association of IRS-1 with the p85 subunit of phosphatidylinositol- 3-kinase (PI3K). The expression of iNOS messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) was measured with the quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Immunohistochemical analysis of the tissue was used to detect localization and expression of iNOS in heart tissue.  Results: Oestradiol treatment reduced L-Arg concentration (p<0.01), iNOS mRNA (p<0.01) and protein (p<0.001) expression, level of RhoA (p<0.05) and AT1R (p<0.001) protein. In contrast, plasma NO (p<0.05), Akt phosphorylation at Thr308 (p<0.05) and protein level of p85 (p<0.001) increased after oestradiol treatment.  Conclusion: Our results suggest that oestradiol in vivo regulates cardiac iNOS expression via the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway, through attenuation of RhoA and AT1R.
Quantification of Newly Discovered Anti-Cancer Drug Enzalutamide in Bulk and Synthetic Mixture by Stability Indicating TLC Method
Authors: Prajapati Dharmendra Jayantibhai , Chhalotiya Usmangani Khalilurraheman , Prajapati Minesh Dahyabhai , Patel Jalpa Upendrabhai , Desai Jaineel Vinodrai
Published: February 2018

Objective:

An impressionable, discriminatory and precise stability indicating high performance thin layer chromatographic method has been developed and validated for the estimation of Enzalutamide in bulk and synthetic mixture.

Method:

The method engaged HPTLC aluminium plates pre-coated with silica gel 60F-254 as the stationary phase while the solvent system was ethyl acetate: toluene (4.5:5.5, v/v). The Rf value of enzalutamide was detected to be 0. 39 ± 0. 005 and the densitometric analysis was carried out in absorbance mode at 246 nm. The linear regression analysis data for the calibration plots presented a virtuous linear relationship for enzalutamide over a concentration range of 20 - 1000ng/band.

Results:

The limit of detection and limit of quantification for enzalutamide was found to be 9.05 and 27.43 ng/band. Enzalutamide was imperilled to acid and alkali hydrolysis, chemical oxidation, dry heat degradation and photolytic degradation. The degraded product peaks were well resolved from the pure drug peak with substantial difference in their Rf values.

Conclusion:

Stressed samples were assayed using developed TLC technique. Suggested method was validated with respect to linearity, accuracy, precision and robustness. The method was successfully applied to the estimation of enzalutamide in synthetic mixture.
Pharmacokinetic Study of Main Active Components of Rumex nepalensis Spreng Extract in Rats Plasma by UPLC-MS/MS
Authors: Wang Jin , Chu Yang , Li Xiao , Polachi Navaneethakrishnan , Yan Xue-ying , Li Wei , Zhou Shui-ping
Published: February 2018

Background:

The Rumex nepalensis Spreng (RNS) is a traditional Chinese medicine containing
rich anthraquinones. However, through proper investigation we have found that there were no
reports on the pharmacokinetics of RNS extract in rats.

Objective: We study on the pharmacokinetic behaviors of emodin, chrysophanol and physcion after oral
administration of RNS extract in rat to achieve a better understanding of further clinical application and
conduct the preparation development of the herb.

Methods:

In the present study, a sensitive and rapid ultra-fast liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry
(UPLC-MS/MS) method was developed and validated to determine the three anthraquinones
such as chrysophanol, emodin and physcion in rat plasma along with danthron as the internal standard
(IS). The analytes and IS were separated on an Acquity UPLC HSS T3 column (100 mm × 2.1 mm, 1.8
µm) by using the mobile phase of water with 3 mM ammonium acetate and acetonitrile as gradient elution
at a flow rate of 0.4 mL min -1. The detection was performed on a triple quadrupole tandem mass
spectrometer equipped with electrospray ionization (ESI) by multiple reactions monitoring (MRM) of
the transitions at m/z 253.1 → 225.0 for chrysophanol, 269.0 → 224.9 for emodin, 282.7→ 240.0 for
physcion and m/z 239.0 → 211.0 for IS. The limit of detection and lower limit of quantification were
both 2 ng mL -1 in rat plasma.

Results:

Good linearity of this method was obtained in the range of 2-1000 ng mL -1 , and the correlation
coefficient was greater than 0.990. According to regulatory guidelines, the established method was
fully validated, and the results were within acceptable limits.

Conclusion:

The validated method was successfully applied into a pharmacokinetic study of orally
administered RNS extract in rats.
Design and Analysis of Capacitive Micromachined Ultrasonic Transducer
Authors: Sharma Rashmi , Agarwal Rekha , Dubey Ashwani Kumar , Arora Anil
Published: February 2018

Background:

Objective:

To simulate a Micromechanical systems (MEMS) based CMUT working as a transmitter with the existing design and provide comparison within the possible architectural geometries.

Methods:

FEM simulation software COMSOL is used to simulate the 3D model of the transducer radiating in the air. The classical thin-plate theory is employed to solve for CMUT with a circular shape which is sufficient when the ratio of the diameter to thickness of the plate is very large, an aspect common in CMUTs. The Galerkin-weighted residual technique is used to get a solution for thin plate equation with the presumption that the deflections are small in comparison to the thickness of the plate.

Results:

The resonant frequency of CMUT with different geometries have been calculated. The deflection of membrane with applied DC bias is shown along with collapse voltage calculation. The generated ultrasound is shown with the AC bias superimposed on the DC bias. The capacitance change with the increasing DC voltage is discussed. The deflection of membrane is maximum as the resonance frequency is proved.

Conclusion:

The review of Capacitive Micromachined Ultrasonic Transducer architectures with different shapes is highlighted. The working behavior of CMUT with suitable dimension is simulated in 3D providing researcher data to wisely choose the CMUT prior to the fabrication. The CMUT is prioritized on various characteristics like wafer area utilization, deflection percentage within the cavity and durability of the transducer.
Resilience of Parents of Young University Students with Disabilities
Authors: Macías Eleticia Isabel  Pinargote , Vaca Francisco Ashley Gavilanes , Gavilánez Víctor Hugo Cedeño
Published: February 2018

The resilience of parents can play a decisive role as a resource that favors the inclusion and development of students with disabilities, representing a decisive contribution in school-family co-responsibility. This work showed a conceptual analysis related to resilience from a family dimension and especially the role played by parents. The research was carried out in the context of the Technical University of Manabí, a representative sample of students with disabilities and their families was selected, two instruments were applied to obtain the data: Family Functioning Scale [1] and the Mother Resilience Scale [2]. The attention to the young person with a disability was analyzed, and it is particularized in the related to the family of these. The results are shown in tables that allow the final results to be identified.
A comparative clinical evaluation of efficacy of Kati Basti with Prabhanjanam Taila and Moorchita Tila Taila in Gridhrasi w.s.r to Sciatica
Authors: Singh K. M. Shailja , Singh Arun Kumar , Verma Chandra Prakash
Published: February 2018

Kati Basti included under various external procedures of Ayurveda, having variety of actions like the Bahya Snehana (external oleation), Swedana Chikitsa (fomentation therapy). Kati Basti is indicated in various disorders of spine and back like backache, lumbar spondylosis, sciatica, degenerative disc changes etc. Low back pain is most common complaint with a prevalence of 65 to 90%. Improper sitting postures, traveling, use of two wheeler and sports activities are few important causes of backache. Sciatica often used to describe low back pain that spreads (radiates) through the hip, to the back of the thigh, and down the inside of the leg which closely resembles with Gridhrasi. In Sharanghadhara Samhita use of Prabhanjana Taila in Ghridhrasi Vyadhi has been indicated, hence an attempt was made to compare clinically the efficacy of Kati Basti with Prabhanjanam Taila and Moorchita Tila Taila in Gridhrasi with special reference to sciatica.
Evaluation of Japakusumadi Yoga for safety profile - Acute Toxicity Profile
Authors: M. Suchetha Kumari , Kadam Sujata , Mundugaru Ravi , . Sudhakar , Ravishankar B.
Published: February 2018

Japakusumadi Yoga is an Ayurvedic formulation, indicated for contraception in Ayurveda. This study determines acute toxicity of ‘Japakusumadi Yoga’ an oral formulation in wister albino rats. Single dose acute toxicity was assessed by employing OECD guidelines 425 using AOT software. Test formulations was administered to overnight fasted animals and 14 days observation of dosed (up down as per requirement) rats was done for general appearance, cage side behaviour including increased or decreasing motor activity, convulsions, straub’s reaction, catatonia, muscle spasm, spasticity, ophisthotonus, hyperesthesia, muscle relaxation, anaesthesia, arching and rolling, lacrimation, salivation, diarrhoea, writhing movement, mode of respiration and changes in skin colour etc., with mortality and autopsy finding in case of dead animal. Based on the observation made and recorded it can be concluded that the test drug is without any toxic potential even at the dose of 2000 mg/kg in animals equivalent to 22.4g for human being.
A JOURNEY INSIDE CUSTOMER EXPECTATIONS AND EXPERIENCES WITH HPTDC HOTELS IN HIMACHAL PRADESH
Authors: Sharma Pankaj , Aggarwa Neeraj
Published: February 2018

Himachal Pradesh, due to its tourist destinations has been one of the top tourist places in India. For that matter, the number of domestic and international tourist’s visits is increasing from time to time. Looking at this potential of Himachal Tourism many people are venturing into the field of hotel business. This study was conducted to assess customer satisfaction with HPTDC hotels in Himachal Pradesh. To keep the customers happy it is important to understand the Expectations and experiences. The responses of the customers were taken for the purpose of analysis. It was found that though the staff is hospitable, the hotels are neat and comfortable, the taste of food is good and some services such as credit card facility is available in the hotels still efficiency in service, variety of food items, price of food and beverage, the landscaping, spaciousness of rooms and value for money are some burning issues which demand immediate attention by the HPTDC
Generation of recombinant scFv antibody against Ochratoxin A (OTA)
Authors: Pranomphon Ranya , Srila Witsanu , Yamabhai Montarop
Published: February 2018

Ochratoxin A (OTA) is a mycotoxin commonly found in agricultural products and can accumulate in the blood and tissues after that consuming contaminated food. Recombinant single-chain antibody fragments (scFv) against OTA were selected from phage display libraries. After of one round of biopanning against BSA-conjugated OTA (OTA-BSA), 52 and 6 phage clones displaying scFv antibodies were isolated from human (Yamo I.3) and rabbit (Bozmix I.2) libraries. Two phage clones (one from each libraries, i.e., yOTA1e3 and bOTA2a9) showed binding to free toxin by competitive ELISA. The soluble scFv antibodies were produced by superinfecting phage clones into E. coli suppressor strain HB2151. The scFv genes from these two phage clones were sub-cloned into pKP300ΔIII vectors to generate scFv-AP fusions. The binding affinity (IC50) of antibody derived from human library was higher than those from rabbit library. The binding property of recombinant antibody in the form of scFv-AP was better than those of soluble scFv form. Cross-reactivity analysis indicated that the two recombinant antibodies did not cross-react with other soluble toxins, namely AFB1, DON, ZEN and FB. The ability to use the recombinant scFv-AP to detect contaminated toxins in agricultural product (corn) was demonstrated.
Traffic Woes, Metro Manila, and Collaborative Problem-Solving: A Case Study of Computer-mediated, Collaboratively Built Information Infrastructure in the Field of Transportation in the Philippines
Authors: Enslin Joshua Ramon
Published: February 2018

The chaotic traffic situation in Metro Manila has been characterized as a major roadblock to the country’s economic development and has turned into an important discussion point in political debates. In this paper three traffic related web services, aimed at helping their users gain an insight into the traffic situation of Metro Manila and beyond are analyzed in regards to their use of cooperation using Benkler’s concept of Collaborative Peer Production. The three web services differ starkly from each other in their concept – PH-Commute.com is a blog, Taxikick.com is a service for short messages pertaining to misbehaviors of taxi drivers, Sakay.ph is a navigation service. As I conclude, all three however share in common that they are indeed highly dependent on cooperation on different layers. Determined by the underlying concept of each of the websites, they incorporate inputs from their users, but they might also let their users help them in developing their software by publishing their source code, and they rely on community-created, open-source software infrastructure to be able to run their own.
Bilingual Khmer/English Literature: Contestation Practices and Strategies in the Cambodian Literary Field
Authors: Setiawan Fransiskus Tri Wahyu
Published: February 2018

The study aims to examine how different agents namely individuals, groups, and organizations form the Cambodian literary field compete through selected practices. Certain strategies are applied in accordance to the rules of game in the literary field production. Having different habitus and capitals, agents struggle and compete for positions in the literary field. Applying literary study and classical ethnographic methods this study shows that political distance from the government in the field of cultural production allows external forces to interfere and reshape the Cambodian literary field. Agents make the structure and are structured in dynamic competition within the field. Strategies are mainly intended to create new network and to gain legitimacy, thereby accumulating capitals. Bilingual Khmer/English literature is important literary phenomenon in Cambodia as it indicates practices of contestation in response to the global field of cultural production.
Can Art Make a Difference? Visual and Performative Arts on the Subject of Indonesian Mass Killings of 1965–66
Authors: Bielecki Michał
Published: February 2018

This paper considers the impact of various activities of artistic nature in public debate and collective memory of the genocide in Indonesia in the years 1965-1966, as well as the public reception of these event, with a particular focus on Joshua Oppenheimer’s documentary „The Act of Killing” (2012). As a result of systematic extermination of PKI members and sympathizers, between 500 thousand and 2 million people were killed. These murders are often considered an ‘unspoken’ or ‘forgotten’ crime. In Suharto’s Indonesia, questioning the official version of events was prohibited. In 1998, General Suharto resigned from office and the state begun a slow drift towards democracy. The issue of the traumatic past, however, remains a very uncomfortable one. The crime of such scale cannot be easily forced into oblivion. The pressure faced by authorities in today's Indonesia was caused partly, if not mainly, by mnemonic actors of an artistic nature, by both Indonesian and foreign artists interested in this matter. By applying content analysis, the proposed paper discusses varied artistic activities addressing the mass violence and their influence on the public discussion and the collective memory of that event. The analysis of media reports, interviews with artists, fictional and documentary films was carried out by the author. The study shows how art contributes to the process of dealing with Indonesia’s past.
Algunas tendencias de la formación bibliotecológica en América Latina
Authors: Múnera Torres María Teresa
Published: February 2018

Con base en la investigación “La terminología de la bibliotecología en América Latina: un estudio comparativo”, se presenta un panorama sobre algunos de los aspectos del estado de la formación bibliotecológica en universidades de países como Argentina, Brasil, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Guatemala, México, Paraguay, Perú, Uruguay y Venezuela. Se abordan aspectos relacionados con la evolución de la formación bibliotecológica, las áreas del conocimiento de las cuales depende la educación bibliotecológica en América Latina, así como los nombres que recibe este tipo de formación en las universidades que hacen parte de la muestra de la investigación.
BOOSTING STUDENTS’ PRONUNCIATION THROUGH SONG DICTATION
Authors: Ikhsan Muhammad Khairi
Published: February 2018

Most of EFL students argue that pronunciation is one of English components that is quite difficult to be mastered. It is proven by most students of English that the writer taught at College of Teacher Training and education (STKIP) PGRI West Sumatera. They get some difficulties in pronouncing particular words like the sounds of vowels, consonants, and diphthongs. It happened because most of sounds in English are not found in Indonesian contexts. To overcome this problem, the writer promotes an alternative way so that the students’ pronunciation can be better and improved. The way that the writer means  is using song dictation.
Mekanisme Koping Pada Primipara saat diputuskan SC darurat
Authors: Sari Febria Syafyu
Published: February 2018

Kematian ibu akibat masalah persalinan atau kelahiran terjadi di negara-negara berkembang sebanyak (99%). Sectio caesarea memberikan dampak psikologis pada ibu pasca persalinan. Ibu mengalami persalinan SC tanpa direncanakan atau bersifat darurat mengekspresikan kekhawatiran praoperatif seperti kecemasan. Penelitian kualitatif dengan pendekatan desain fenomenologi deskriptif yang bertujuan untuk mengeksplorasi mekanisme koping primipara pada fase pra operasi SC. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan pada bulan Januari - Juli 2016 di ruang Kebidanan, dengan jumlah partisipan sebanyak enam orang wanita primipara dengan indikasi darurat SC. Dengan menggunakan tematik analisis metode Colaizi, didapatkan dua tema diantaranya orientasi pada ego dan orientasi pada masalah.  Hasil penelitian ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa mekanisme koping positif yang diidentifikasi muncul pada partisipan merupakan hasil dari dukungan keluarga berupa pendampingan suami dan dukungan keluarga serta petugas kesehatan. Saran untuk pelayanan kesehatan dapat lebih memperhatikan dalam memberikan asuhan keperawatan psikososial agar ibu tidak jatuh pada kondisi maladaptif
PENGEMBANGAN MEDIA PEMBELAJARAN DALAM BENTUK KOMIK PADA MATERI FOTOSINTESIS UNTUK SMP KELAS VIII
Authors: Nengsi Sri Nengsi
Published: February 2018

Pembelajaran Biologi merupakan pembelajaran yang berhubungan dengan kehidupan nyata. Sehingga pembelajaran Biologi harus disertai dengan pemahaman konsep dan pengaplikasiannya dalam kehidupan sehari-hari. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menghasilkan media pembelajaran dalam bentuk komik yang valid dan praktis. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian pengembangan dengan menggunakan prosedur pengembangan    4-D. Penelitian ini terdiri dari 4 tahap yaitu: tahap define (pendefinisian), tahapdesign (perancangan), tahapdevelop (pengembangan), dan tahapdesseminate (penyebaran). Berdasarkan data hasil penelitian, diperoleh penilaian komik oleh pakar dengan persentase 74,017% dengan kriteria penilaian valid. Respon guru terhadap komik diperoleh persentase 91,83% dengan kriteria penilaian sangat praktis dan respon siswa terhadap komik diperoleh persentase 87,56% dengan kriteria penilaian sangat praktis. 
TINJAUAN AKUMULASI SEFTRIAKSON DARI DATA URIN MENGGUNAKAN ELEKTROFORESIS KAPILER PADA PASIEN GANGGUAN FUNGSI GINJAL STADIUM TIGA
Authors: Suardi Muslim , Raveinal Raveinal , Sari Lisa Oktia , Lailaturrahmi Lailaturrahmi
Published: February 2018

Ceftriaxone is a third-generation cephalosporin which are excreted mostly via the kidneys. Drugs which are eliminated primarily by the kidneys may accumulate in the patients with impaired renal function. Ceftriaxone is widely used in DR.M.Djamil Hospital Padang. The dosage adjustment for this drug has not yet performed in the hospital so far. This study was conducted in patients who suffered from stage 3 renal failure, received ceftriaxone therapy, and were 20-65 years of age. Urine samples were collected from patients at 4, 4.5, 5.75, 6.5, 7.75, and 8.25 hours after drug administration. Samples were analyzed using capillary electrophoresis. The buffer used was sodium tetraborate with pH of 9, concentration of 50 mM and pKa 9,24. The absorbance of solutions were measured at wavelength of 241.2 nm. From the standard calibration curve of ceftriaxone, the equation of Y = 4.455x - 2.297 (R2 = 0.995), (SD =1.40) was obtained. The migration time of ceftriaxone was 9 minutes. The LOD and LOQ were 0.94 and 3.14 µg/mL, respectively. The elimination rate and elimination half life were 0.046/h and 15,06 h, respectively. Du cumulative and acumulation fraction of drugs were 365.10 mg and 0.33 (33%), respectively. Dmax and Dmin were 2.985 and 985 mg, respectively. Cmax and Cmin were 224,43 and 74,06 mg/L, respectively. The accumulation index of the drug was 1.49. Cl. AUC0˜ and the CpO were 0.612 L/h, 3.268 mg h/L and 150.37 mg/L, respectively. Impaired renal function may affect pharmacokinetic parameters such as elimination rate, elimination half-time, and drug clearance.

 

 
Praktikalitas Model Blended Learning pada Pembelajaran Jaringan Dasar di SMK
Authors: Utami Iga Setia
Published: February 2018

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengukur praktikalitas model blended learning pada pembelajaran Jaringan Dasar di SMK. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah Research and Development (R and D). Pengambilan data praktkalitas menggunakan lembar praktikalitas yang di isi oleh guru mata pelajaran dan siswa. Hasil penilaian praktikalitas model blended learning berdasarkan respon guru adalah 81.66 % (praktis) dan berdasarkan respon siswa adalah 82.75% (praktis). Berdasarkan temuan penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa model blended learning praktis digunakan sebagai model pembelajaran Jaringan Dasar.
SISTEM PAKAR UNTUK DIAGNOSA PENYAKIT ANAK YANG DIDUKUNG OLEH BAHASA PEMOGRAMAN VISUAL
Authors: Sari Dian Permata
Published: February 2018

Sistem pakar merupakan sistem yang mengadopsi pengetahuan manusia ke komputer yang dirancang untuk memodelkan kemampuan menyelesaikan masalah seperti layaknya seorang pakar. Dengan sistem pakar ini, orang awam pun dapat menyelesaikan masalahnya atau hanya sekedar mencari suatu informasi berkualitas yang sebenarnya hanya dapat diperoleh dengan bantuan para ahli di bidangnya. Salah satunya yaitu dibidang medis untuk mendiagnosapenyakit anak. Mengetahui gejala dari suatu penyakit secara dini dapat menjadi bantuan pertama yang dapat dilakukan para orang tua di rumah jika anak mereka terserang penyakit.Basis pengetahuan disusun sedemikian rupa kedalam database dengan beberapa tabel. Penarikan kesimpulan dalam sistem pakar ini menggunakan metode inferensi forward chaining. Sistem pakar akan memberikan pertanyaan-pertanyaan kepada user berupa gejala dari beberapa penyakit dan user akan menjawab pertanyaan tersebut. Hingga user akan mendapatkan solusi dari hasil pertanyaan tadi. 

Expert systems are systems that adopt human knowledge into computers designed to model the ability to resolve problems like an expert. Through thisexpert systems,commoner cansolvetheproblem orjustlookingfor a qualityinformationthat can onlybeobtainedwiththehelpofexperts in thefield. One ofthemis in the medical field to diagnosethe children's illness.Knowingthesymptomsofanillnessearly can bethefirstaidto parents if their children stricken withthedisease at home.Knowledgebase is arranged into a highlystructureddatabasewithmultipletables. Inferences in this expert system uses forward chaining inference method. Expert systems will provide questions to the user in the form of the symptoms of some diseases and the user will answer that question. Until the user will get the solution of the question.