bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Impaired dynamic cerebral autoregulation in young adults with mild depression
Authors: Zhang Weijun , Fu Wen , Yan Luda , Wang Mengyu , Ning Baile , Mo Xiuyun , Xiong Li , Liu Jia , Zhang Pandeng , Zhong Jingxin , Sun Lu , Fu Wenbin
Published: September 2021

The incidence of depression is increasing, especially in the young adult population. Impaired cognitive function is one of the characteristics of depression, which may be related to impaired cerebral autoregulation (CA). We investigated the characteristics of CA in young adults with mild depression, as well as its validity for identifying patients with depression. Patients (aged 18–35 years) with Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAMD) scores ranging from 8 to 17 and a first episode of mild depression were enrolled in this study. Healthy volunteers were recruited as controls. Noninvasive continuous arterial blood pressure and bilateral middle cerebral artery blood flow velocity were simultaneously recorded from each subject. Transfer function analysis was applied to derive phase difference, gain, coherence and rate of recovery for the assessment of CA. Forty‐three patients and 43 healthy controls were enrolled. Phase difference values were significantly compromised in young adults with mild depression and were negatively correlated with HAMD scores. Rate of recovery values estimated from depressed patients was significantly lower. The validity in identifying patients with depression was favorable for the phase difference. The cutoff phase difference value was 29.66. Our findings suggest that dynamic CA was impaired in young patients with mild depression and negatively correlated with HAMD scores. CA represented by phase difference can be used as an objective auxiliary examination of depression, and has clinical diagnostic value for the early identification of patients with depression.
Initial exploration results of the Collins epithermal Au‐base metal prospect, Aceh, Indonesia
Authors: Mulja Thomas , Ebert Shane , Groat Lee A.
Published: September 2021

Interpretation of various exploration data, in particular geochemical prospecting, offers a powerful and rapid assessment of grass‐root projects in a green‐field terrain. Here, we present an example of the Collins epithermal prospect in Aceh Province, Indonesia. In this area, the Au+ base‐metal‐bearing sheeted quartz veins (individually mostly 2–4 cm wide), which are controlled by a 250 m wide by 800 m long NNE‐trending structural corridor within Paleogene sandstone and volcanic rocks, are the product of two main stages of deposition. Stage I formed veins with a sliver of cryptocrystalline quartz wall zone followed by an inner zone of comb quartz with interstitial rhombic adularia that terminates in open space. Stage I or main‐stage sulfide mineralization consisting of early galena + sphalerite and later chalcopyrite occurs with the quartz + adularia. Small amounts of galena also occur in the wall zone. Stage II mineralization brecciated Stage I veins and overprinted them with silicification characterized by vuggy texture. Mineralization associated with this episode consists of earlier chalcopyrite + sphalerite + tennantite–tetrahedrite and later, vug‐filling Au–Ag alloy (Ag0.37–0.41Au0.62–0.59). The above mineralized veins are successively flanked by silicic selvages, an illite + chlorite + pyrite ± kaolinite zone and a chlorite + epidote + carbonate + pyrite zone. Local supergene alteration induced replacement of galena by plumbogummite and anglesite and chalcopyrite by covellite. Data from fluid inclusion microthermometry in quartz indicated that the inner zone of Stage I veins formed from fluids with a 2.3 wt% salinity (0.5–3.3 wt% NaCl equivalent), at 174°C (155–211°C). Combining these physico‐chemical parameters with the mineral assemblage, the mineralization occurred under a reduced environment. Rock and soil assays indicate that elevated Au concentrations (up to 16.5 ppm over 1 m) occur along northeast‐trending zones and show a strong correlation with Pb, while Cu (up to 2.58% over 1 m), Zn, As, Sb, and Mo anomalies lie mostly at the periphery. The high‐grade mineralized veins correlate with moderate to high resistivity and chargeability zones, and the pseudosections of such geophysical signals are interpreted as reflecting coalesced or enlarged veins at depth, or inclined veins in other localities. The intermediate sulfidation affinity for Collins points to potential mineralization at depth as well as preservation of Au‐rich and sulfide‐poor zones in the less eroded areas.
Metal source of gold deposits in the Jiaoxibei area, Eastern China: Insights from trace element analysis of gold and pyrite
Authors: Lu Jilong , Fan Yuchao , Yin Yechang , Xiong Yuxin , Guo Jinke , Tian Wu , Zhao Xinyun
Published: September 2021

The metal source of gold deposits in the Jiaoxibei area, eastern China, has been investigated by many researchers, but no consensus has been reached so far. In this study, three typical gold deposits, the Xinli, Jiaojia, and Dayingezhuang deposits, were selected for trace element analysis of gold and pyrite to constrain the metal source. Pyrite from these three deposits has similar morphological and compositional characteristics, and can be divided into three types: Py1 with euhedral to subhedral textures, Py2 with subhedral to anhedral textures with micro‐fractures, and Py3 with subhedral to anhedral textures and intergrowing polymetallic sulfides. Among them, Py2 and Py3 were formed in the main ore‐forming stage and they are the dominant host minerals of visible gold. In these deposits, visible gold occurs mainly in micro‐fractures or as inclusions in Py2 and Py3. Most of the pyrite has extremely low concentration of invisible gold, indicating that visible gold in the Jiaoxibei district is not a product of the remobilization of invisible gold from earlier pyrite. Both Py2 and Py3 are characterized by low Co concentration of <100 ppm and Co/Ni ratio of <1, which are similar to those of pyrite in sedimentary rocks. Therefore, ore‐forming metals of these gold deposits in the Jiaoxibei district may originate mainly from a sediment‐related metal source.
Contraceptive Conversations among Adolescent Girls and Young Women and Their Partners, Peers, and Older Female Family Members in Lilongwe, Malawi: A Qualitative Analysis
Authors: Bhushan Nivedita L. , Phanga Twambilile , Maseko Bertha , Vansia Dhrutika , Kamtsendero Linda , Gichane Margaret W. , Maman Suzanne , Pettifor Audrey E. , Rosenberg Nora E.
Published: September 2021

In sub‐Saharan Africa, adolescent girls and young women (AGYW) have high levels of unmet need for contraception, particularly those who are unmarried or nulliparous. Conversations with partners, peers, and family members influence AGYW contraceptive decision‐making yet little is known about conversation content and impact or how they vary by relationship status and parity. This paper draws on qualitative data from 60 AGYW (aged 15–24) participating in a sexual and reproductive health study in Malawi to examine contraceptive conversation patterns among participants and their social ties. AGYW's relationship status and parity influenced whether they talked about contraceptives, who they talked to about contraceptives, and the type of contraceptives that were endorsed during conversations. Unmarried and nulliparous AGYW were less likely to discuss contraceptives with all social ties and when conversations occurred, norms and misinformation regarding nonbarrier methods were reinforced, and condoms were largely prescribed. Conversations with intimate partners often provided permission for contraceptive use while conversations with peers and older women in the family provided information on contraceptive methods. Our results highlight the unique roles that social ties play in AGYW contraceptive decision‐making and suggest that existing contraceptive conversation patterns might exclude unmarried, nulliparous AGYW from accurate and comprehensive contraceptive information and options.
Non‐linear revenue evaluation
Authors: Dickson Alex , MacKenzie Ian A. , Sekeris Petros G.
Published: September 2021

In this article, we investigate different market structures where decision makers are incentivized by both profit and revenue. Our innovation is that we consider managers that evaluate revenue in a non‐linear way, exhibiting diminishing marginal utility. This implies that incremental changes in revenue—for example, due to demand shocks—generate production choices that depend on the existing revenue base of the firm. We show that this intuitively appealing extension reverses some conventional results: decision makers may increase output in the presence of negative demand shocks, which depends on the concavity of their utility function with respect to revenue.
On Rupture: Establishing the Cognitive Bases of Social Change
Authors: Shaw Lynette
Published: September 2021

This article presents a cognitive model of social rupture and develops its implications for social change processes. It takes as its foundation established research on the reflexive transition from implicit (i.e., Type 1) processing into conscious (i.e., Type 2) processing that occurs when individuals’ automatic inferences about their environment become unreliable. By considering how this “conflict monitoring response” (Botvinick et al. 2001) and its associated cognitive and affective effects play out within social contexts, this work establishes a general, cognitive model of social rupture that converges significantly with classic sociological perspectives on the subject. The second half of the article mobilizes the developed model to establish the cognitive bases of social change processes as they manifest across societal scales, from the intrapersonal to the macrosocial. After foregrounding key implications that follow from this socio‐cognitive perspective of social change, this work concludes by providing a general framework for how the presented model can be used to develop new empirical approaches for studying real‐world social change as it unfolds via individuals’ implicit sensemaking processes.
Aesthetic Engagement*
Authors: Pagis Michal , Summers‐Effler Erika
Published: September 2021

Recent work in culture and cognition breaks cognitive processing into two types—automatic, implicit, and nondeclarative processes are labled “type 1” and controlled, explicit, and declarative processes are labled “type 2.” We suggest that this dual processing model cannot account for some types of experiences central to the embodied aspects of culture. In this paper, we lay out a theory of experience based on aesthetic engagement with the world, a type of experience that does not fall neatly into type 1 and type 2 processing. Drawing on phenomenology and pragmatism, we illustrate three dimensions of aesthetic engagement: (1) a shift to the fringe of attention that opens a zone of curiosity and fascination, (2) a focus on the unfolding moment that temporarily inhibits type 1 and type 2 thinking while sustaining uncertainty, and (3) a space to relax and possibly discard enduring storylines while creating potential paths to refreshment and change. We develop our argument through empirical analysis from the authors' respective studies of mindfulness‐based meditation and fly‐fishing. Both fly‐fishing and meditation open new worlds of perception that produce fascination and curiosity and destabilizes previous meanings. Through analyzing meditation and fly‐fishing, we highlight ideal‐typical processes that researchers will find in both mundane and complex combinations in daily life.
Bayesian model selection for multilevel mediation models
Authors: Ariyo Oludare , Lesaffre Emmanuel , Verbeke Geert , Huisman Martijn , Heymans Martijn , Twisk Jos
Published: September 2021

Mediation analysis is often used to explore the complex relationship between two variables through a third mediating variable. This paper aims to illustrate the performance of the deviance information criterion, the pseudo‐Bayes factor, and the Watanabe–Akaike information criterion in selecting the appropriate multilevel mediation model. Our focus will be on comparing the conditional criteria (given random effects) versus the marginal criteria (averaged over random effects) in this respect. Most of the previous work on the multilevel mediation models fails to report the poor behavior of the conditional criteria. We demonstrate here the superiority of the marginal version of the selection criteria over their conditional counterpart in the mediated longitudinal settings through simulation studies and via an application to data from the Longitudinal Aging Study of the Amsterdam study. In addition, we demonstrate the usefulness of our self‐written R function for multilevel mediation models.
Residual risk of transfusion‐transmitted hepatitis B virus (TT‐HBV) infection by NAT‐screened blood components: A review of observed versus modeled infectivity from donors with window period and occult HBV infections
Authors: Lelie Nico , Busch Michael , Kleinman Steve
Published: September 2021

Background

The residual transfusion‐transmitted hepatitis B virus (TT‐HBV) risk with different testing strategies depends on the sensitivity of screening assays, the prevalence of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) compared to HBV‐DNA in window period (WP) and occult HBV infections (OBIs), and infectivity of blood in these infection stages. We compared modeled WP and OBI transmission risk in a multiregional individual donation nucleic acid amplification technology (ID‐NAT) screening study with observed TT‐HBV infection rates in several lookback studies.

Study design and methods

The WP and OBI risk was estimated from ID‐NAT screening data in six geographic regions. The 50% infectious dose (ID50), a key factor in the applied risk models, was assumed to be 100‐fold higher in OBI than in WP blood. The relative proportion of WP and OBI TT‐risk was estimated for different screening scenarios and expressed as a percentage of the ID‐NAT yield rate to allow for comparison with observed TT‐rates in lookback studies.

Results

Despite sevenfold to eightfold higher HBV ID‐NAT yield rates in OBI than WP in South‐East Asia and Europe, our models predicted that 40 (26–55)% of total residual TT‐HBV risk was due to OBI, comparable to 37% observed in a Japanese hemovigilance study. Modeled TT‐OBI risk was approximately 10‐fold higher than observed rates of 2%–8% in five lookback studies but comparable to one other study (36%).

Conclusion

Although the observed TT‐OBI rate was generally lower than the modeled risk, the relative risk of WP versus OBI transmission was not incompatible with the observational infectivity data. This supports the validity of our assumptions in the infectivity‐based models for estimating worst‐case residual risk with different testing scenarios.
Morphology, physiology and synaptic connectivity of local interneurons in the mouse somatosensory thalamus
Authors: Simko Jane , Markram Henry
Published: September 2021

The thalamic reticular nucleus (TRN) neurons, projecting across the external medullary lamina, have long been considered to be the only significant source of inhibition of the somatosensory ventral posterior (VP) nuclei of the thalamus. Here we report for the first time effective local inhibition and disinhibition in the VP. Inhibitory interneurons were found in GAD67–GFP‐expressing mice and studied using in vitro multiple patch clamp. Inhibitory interneurons have expansive bipolar or tripolar morphologies, reach across most of the VP nucleus and display low threshold bursting behaviour. They form triadic and non‐triadic synaptic connections onto thalamocortical relay neurons and other interneurons, mediating feedforward inhibition and disinhibition. Synaptic inputs arrive before those expected from the TRN neurons, suggesting that local inhibition plays an early and significant role in the functioning of the somatosensory thalamus.

image

Key points

The physiology and structure of local interneurons in the mouse somatosensory thalamus is described for the first time.

Inhibitory interneurons have extensive dendritic arborization providing significant local dendro‐dendritic inhibition in the somatosensory thalamus.

Triadic and non‐triadic synaptic connectivity onto thalamic relay neurons and other interneurons provides both local feedforward inhibition and disinhibition.

Interneurons of the somatosensory thalamus provide inhibition before the thalamic reticular nucleus, suggesting they play an important role in sensory perception.
La construcción de dinámicas de cooperación en seguridad
Authors: CAMARGO ANGELA
Published: September 2021

Este artículo analiza las distintas dinámicas de cooperación que se pueden desarrollar entre los Estados en materia de seguridad. Para identificar y caracterizar cada una de ellas, se parte de dos preguntas: ¿por qué cooperan los Estados en materia de seguridad? y ¿cómo se lleva a cabo dicha cooperación? Una vez establecidas las diferencias entre ellas, el artículo se centra en el análisis de los elementos constitutivos de la dinámica cooperativa de seguridad. Tomando como base a los aportes del constructivismo, se analiza cómo las identidades y las normas juegan un papel crucial en el proceso de socialización que conduce a una relación pacífica entre los Estados. Con esto se busca evidenciar las distintas opciones con que cuentan los Estados para afrontar los retos del contexto global, especialmente en busca de disminuir conflictos y garantizar mayor estabilidad entre ellos.
Los programas de crédito educativo y subsidio a la demanda: instrumentos para el mejoramiento o deterioro de la igualdad en la educación superior en Colombia
Authors: Moreno Gamba Aura María
Published: September 2021

Desde la década de los años 80, múltiples países latinoamericanos, entre ellos Colombia, identificaron como fuente potencial para la reducción de cargas fiscales, el uso de programas focalizados que atenúen el gasto público y centralicen su accionar en aquellas personas que lo requieran, por lo cual, las diferentes instituciones gubernamentales han optado por iniciativas que promuevan el acceso a la educación superior de la población a través de diferentes instrumentos como son los programas de crédito educativo y subsidio a la demanda, enmarcados en un enfoque de igualdad de oportunidades, donde el mérito y la condición de pobreza se convierten en los garantes del acceso a la educación superior.
Sin embargo, dichos instrumentos han sido estructurados bajo un conjunto de condiciones relacionadas tanto con el nivel socioeconómico, como con el logro educativo de la población, excluyendo al conjunto de individuos que no cumplen con las condiciones previamente establecidas y consolidando un escenario de acceso restringido y sin cupo para los estudiantes en Colombia.
A partir del análisis de las bases de datos provenientes de diferentes fuentes gubernamentales y de entrevistas semiestructuradas desarrolladas a beneficiarios de los programas Ser Pilo Paga, Tú Eliges y Crédito Acces, se permite entrever las diferentes implicaciones que dichos programas focalizados traen consigo para la igualdad en la educación superior en el país.
A Modified Incremental Harmonic Balance Method Combined with Tikhonov Regularization for Periodic Motion of Nonlinear System
Authors: Zheng Ze-chang , Lu Zhong-rong , Yanmao Chen , Liu Ji-Ke , Liu Guang
Published: September 2021

In this paper, a modified incremental harmonic balance (IHB) method combined with Tikhonov regularization has been proposed to achieve the semi-analytical solution for the periodic nonlinear system. To the best of our knowledge, the convergence of the traditional IHB method is bound up with the iterative initial values of harmonic coefficients, especially near the bifurcation point. To this end, the Tikhonov regularization is introduced into the linear incremental equation to tackle the ill-posed situation in the iteration. To this end, the convergence performance of the traditional IHB method has been improved significantly. Moreover, convergence proof of the proposed method also has been given in this paper. Finally, a van der Pol–Duffing oscillator with external excitation and a cubic nonlinear airfoil system with the external store are adopted as numerical examples to illustrate the efficiency and the performance of the presented modified IHB method. The numerical examples show that the results achieved by the proposed method are in excellent agreement with the Runge–Kutta method, and the accuracy is not significantly reduced compared with the traditional IHB method. Especially, the modified IHB method also can converge to the exact solution from the initial values that the traditional IHB method cannot converge in both examples.
Effect of Temperature and Freezing On Human Adipose Tissue Material Properties Characterized by High-Rate Indentation-Puncture Testing
Authors: Sun Zhaonan , Gepner Bronislaw , Lee Sang-hyun , Oyen Michelle , Rigby Josh , Cottler Patrick S. , Hallman Jason , Kerrigan Jason
Published: September 2021

The characterization of human subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) under high-rate loading is valuable for development of biofidelic finite element human body models (FE-HBMs) to predict seat belt-pelvis interaction and injury risk in vehicle crash simulations. While material characterization of SAT has been performed at 25°C or 37°C, the effect of temperature on mechanical properties of SAT under high-rate and large-deformation loading has not been investigated. Similarly, while freezing is the most common preservation technique for cadaveric specimens, the effect of freeze-thaw on the mechanical properties of SAT is also absent from the literature. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the effect of freezing and temperature on mechanical properties of human SAT. Fresh and previously frozen human SAT specimens were obtained and tested at 25°C and 37°C. High-rate indentation and puncture tests were performed, and indentation-puncture force-depth responses were obtained. While the chance of material failure was found to be different between temperatures and between fresh and previously frozen tissue, statistical analyses revealed that temperature and freezing did not change the shear modulus and failure characteristics of SAT. Therefore, the results of the current study indicated that SAT material properties characterized from either fresh or frozen tissue at either 25°C or 37°C could be used for enhancing the biofidelity of FE-HBMs.
Deteriorated Heat Transfer Influence on the Stress–Strain State of Small Modular Reactors SCWR Fuel Bundles
Authors: Dubyk Y. , Filonov V. , Filonova Y. , Kovalenko O.
Published: September 2021

The analysis of deteriorated heat transfer (DHT) influence on the stress–strain state of a perspective core of small modular reactors with supercritical water (SMR SCWR) fuel assemblies is carried out based on experimental and numerical data. Experimental data for 3- and 7-rod assemblies of 600 mm height with twisting spacer screws, on which deterioration heat transfer regimes were observed. The analysis of the stress–strain state was performed for two cases of temperature field. In the first variant, the temperature field is estimated using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) with low-Re-effects accounting, which allows obtaining the maximum temperature, but incorrectly estimates the axial profile. In the second case, an experimental profile with an averaged tangential temperature value is considered. Strength analysis is performed using the developed numerical-analytical mechanical model of the rod assembly. Obtained results make it possible to establish what is more important for assessing the safety of perspective reactors: a conservative estimate of the maximum wall temperature or its local distribution.
Experimental Investigation of Local Heat Transfer Measurement Having Inclined Discrete Ribs of Solar Air Heater Duct Using LCT Technique
Authors: Rathor Yogendra , Aharwal K. R.
Published: September 2021

The steady-state experiment using liquid crystal thermography has been conducted for the analysis of Nusselt number distribution over the absorber surface of solar air heater (SAH) duct having a gap with the staggered arrangement in inclined rib geometry to recuperate its thermal performance. The heat transfer experiment is performed with uniform heat flux and thermo-chromic liquid crystal (TLC) is utilized to show the temperature distribution profile over the ribbed surfaces of the rectangular duct of aspect ratio of 5. The colored pattern image of TLCs was acquired using a 3CCD (charged couple device) camera and exported to a Tagged Image File Format (TIFF) file format using frame grabbing SOFTWARE SAPERALT which was further processed to get hue, saturation, intensity (HSI) values. The flow parameters considered in this present investigation are Re, d/W, and g/e varied from 4000 − 12,500, 0.15 − 0.45, and 1 − 4, respectively. Experiments has been performed with fixed P/e, r/e, p′/P, α, and e/Dh of 10, 2, 0.6, 60 deg, and 0.0303, respectively. The influence of relative gap position and relative gap width on flow pattern has been analyzed. The maximum augmentation in Nu and f over the smooth duct was obtained as 4.01 and 4.28 times, respectively, at the optimum value of d/W = 0.35 and g/e = 2 under similar flow conditions. The maximum value of THPP obtained at d/W and g/e of 0.35 and 2, respectively, and Reynolds number of 12,445.
Preparation of Activated Coke by One-Step Activation Method, Ammonization, and K2CO3 Modification of Coal and Biomass
Authors: Xu Shaofeng , Li Minghua , Li Yukun , Ren Xiaohan , Zhu Wenkun , Levendis Yiannis A.
Published: September 2021

Coal and biomass are regularly used in the preparation of activated coke. In this paper, coal and biomass (poplar bark) were co-pyrolyzed, and activated coke was prepared by physical “one-step activation,” followed by ammonization and additional activation by potassium carbonate (K2CO3). The activation temperature was set at 800 °C, the time was 60 min, and the activation atmosphere contained 10% steam and 20% CO2 by volume in nitrogen. The physical and chemical properties of activated coke prepared by “one-step activation method” and “two-step activation method” were compared. The mole fraction of ammonia was 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, respectively, and the concentration of K2CO3 solution was 3%, 6%, 9%, 12%, respectively. It is found that the addition of ammonia can improve the physical and chemical properties and adsorption capacity of activated coke, but the increase of ammonia mole fraction has little effect on the activation reaction. The physical and chemical structure of activated coke impregnated with 3% K2CO3 solution was found to be well developed. The surface of the produced activated coke prepared by the above activation methods has abundant microporous structure and organic functional groups; hence, the final product is suitable to be used as an adsorbent in practical applications.
3D Modelling, GIS Mapping and Planning for Pipelines
Authors: Singh Ravindra Kumar
Published: September 2021

Govt. of India in association with Oil & Gas Sector industry exclusively developing the pipeline network in various part of the country to cater the requirement of demand centers /industries, as India is considered as developing country and having tremendous opportunities for the pipeline transportation sector.

There are different type of challenges in route planning and finalization of optimum, safe and constructible pipeline route which includes challenges like rugged terrain, landslide, steep sloping ground, extreme weather condition like flash flood, snow fall, intense summer, environmental sensitivity, major development etc., wherein normal survey procedure does not applicable. Therefore, it is recommended to use latest modern technology of survey i.e. 3D Modelling Survey using 0.3m/0.4m High Resolution Stereo Satellite Image followed by developing up-to-date GIS Base map using Digital Elevation Model (DEM) and GIS Database with the help of rapid field validation and ortho-rectifications through photogrammetry process.
Physical Activity Health Literacy in Iranian Older Adults: Development and Psychometric Testing
Authors: Babak Moeini , Majid Barati , Rashid Heidarimoghadam , Leili Tapak , Shahryar Parsamajd
Published: September 2021

Inadequate health literacy decreases physical activity. This study aimed to develop and examine psychometrics of physical activity health literacy in Iranian older adults. This methodological work was conducted in two phases. Phase 1 consisted of extensive studies review and qualitative study to extract and design the items. The psychometrics were measured in Phase 2 included content, faceconstruct validities, reliability, and stability. The collected data were analyzed in SPSS (version 25.0) and AMOS (version 24.0). The results of the exploratory factor analysis showed four factors— information evaluation, reading skill, perception, and decision making—and used information that explained 70.08% of the variance. The model’s fitness was supported by confirmatory factor analysis. Internal consistency based on Cronbach’s alpha was .89 with composite reliability >0.85. Stability was confirmed through the test–retest method and intraclass correlation coefficient (.89–1). Psychometrics of physical activity health literacy in Iranian older adults supported validity and reliability of the tool.
Coaches’ Perceptions of Mental Toughness in Adolescent Athletes: A Phenomenological Exploration
Authors: Raabe Johannes , Lauer E. Earlynn , Bejar Matthew P.
Published: September 2021

Mental toughness (MT) enables individuals to thrive in demanding situations; however, current conceptualizations of MT are primarily based on research with elite adult athletes. Thus, the purpose of the current study was to explore youth sport coaches’ perceptions of mentally tough adolescent athletes with whom they have worked. Phenomenological interviews were conducted with 14 youth sport coaches (nine men and five women). Using a hermeneutic process, a thematic structure comprising five themes was developed: (a) Youth athletes demonstrate their MT by overcoming various obstacles, (b) mentally tough youth athletes are highly self-determined with respect to their sport participation, (c) mentally tough youth athletes control their emotions in competition, (d) mentally tough youth athletes focus on aspects that facilitate their performance, and (e) mentally tough youth athletes are good teammates. These findings not only complement existing conceptualizations of MT but also highlight important distinctions in the manifestation of the construct in early to middle adolescents.
Organizational Systems in British Sport and Their Impact on Athlete Development and Mental Health
Authors: Poucher Zoë A. , Tamminen Katherine A. , Wagstaff Christopher R.D.
Published: September 2021

Sport organizations have been noted as pivotal to the success or failure of athletes, and sport environments can impact the well-being and development of athletes. In this study, the authors explored stakeholders’ perceptions of how high-performance sport organizations support athlete development. Semistructured interviews were conducted with 18 stakeholders from the United Kingdom’s high-performance sport system and transcripts were analyzed using a semantic thematic analysis. Participants emphasized the importance of performance lifestyle advisors, sport psychologists, and financial assistance for promoting athlete development. Several stakeholders observed that despite the extensive support available to athletes, many do not engage with available support, and the prevalence of a performance narrative has led to an environment that discourages holistic development. It follows that sport organizations could develop alternative strategies for promoting athletes’ access to and engagement with available supports, while funding agencies might broaden existing funding criteria to include well-being or athlete development targets.
Detection and potential early warning of catastrophic flow events with regional seismic networks
Authors: Cook Kristen L. , Rekapalli Rajesh , Dietze Michael , Pilz Marco , Cesca Simone , Rao N. Purnachandra , Srinagesh D. , Paul Himangshu , Metz Malte , Mandal Prantik , Suresh G. , Cotton Fabrice , Tiwari V. M. , Hovius Niels
Published: September 2021

Far away landslide detection

A mass wasting and flood event on 7 February 2021 in Uttarakhand, India, killed more than 200 people and damaged two hydropower plants. Cook
et al
. discovered that teleseimic signals from the beginning of this event were recorded at different stations on a regional seismic network in northern India. The signals were observed up to 100 kilometers from the disaster and demonstrate the potential for these far-away monitoring stations to be useful for early warning. This discovery suggests a different way to monitor such remote Himalayan valleys for mass wasting hazards. —BG
Mapping the structural dynamics of water dissociation
Authors: Cao Jianming , Wang Xuan , Zhong Dongping
Published: September 2021

The formation of transient water photolysis products is followed with ultrafast electron diffraction
Persistent pathogens and wildlife reservoirs
Authors: Hampson Katie , Haydon Daniel
Published: September 2021

The role of carriers in the persistence of foot-and-mouth disease in buffalo is quantified
The superparaelectric battery
Authors: Chu Ying-Hao
Published: September 2021

The superparaelectric state delivers a new pathway for dielectric energy storage
AZD1222/ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccination induces a polyfunctional spike protein–specific T
H
1 response with a diverse TCR repertoire
Authors: Swanson Phillip A. , Padilla Marcelino , Hoyland Wesley , McGlinchey Kelly , Fields Paul A. , Bibi Sagida , Faust Saul N. , McDermott Adrian B. , Lambe Teresa , Pollard Andrew J. , Durham Nicholas M. , Kelly Elizabeth J. ,   AstraZeneca/Oxford/VRC Study Group
Published: September 2021

Polyfunctional CD4
+
and CD8
+
T cell responses are elicited against the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein after two doses of the AZD1222 COVID-19 vaccine.
SARS-CoV-2 Supply Shortages and Tuberculosis Diagnostics: Current Issues Requiring Immediate Solutions
Authors: Armstrong Derek T. , Tacheny Erin A. , Olinger Gene , Howard Ryan , Lemmon M. Megan , Dasgupta Debanjana , Eisemann Emma , Parrish Nicole
Published: September 2021

The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has strained manufacturing capacity worldwide, resulting in significant shortages of laboratory supplies both directly and indirectly. Such shortages include probe-based kits for detection of the
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
complex from positive liquid broth cultures.
Complete Genome Sequence of Streptococcus pneumoniae Strain BVJ1JL, a Serotype 1 Carriage Isolate from Malawi
Authors: Betts Modupeh , Jarvis Seth , Jeffries Aaron , Gori Andrea , Chaguza Chrispin , Msefula Jacquline , Weight Caroline M. , Kwambana-Adams Brenda , French Neil , Swarthout Todd D. , Brown Jeremy S. , Heyderman Robert S.
Published: September 2021

Streptococcus pneumoniae
is a leading cause of pneumonia, meningitis, and bacteremia. Serotype 1 is rarely carried but is commonly associated with invasive pneumococcal disease, and in the African “meningitis belt,” it is prone to cause cyclical epidemics. We report the complete genome sequence of
S. pneumoniae
serotype 1 strain BVJ1JL, isolated in Malawi.
Draft Genome Sequences of 12 Clostridium tyrobutyricum Strains Isolated from Raw Milk and Cheese
Authors: Podrzaj L. , Burtscher J. , Domig K. J.
Published: September 2021

Clostridium tyrobutyricum
is recognized as the main causative agent of late blowing defect—severe spoilage of hard and semihard cheeses. In this work, we present the draft genome sequences of 12
C. tyrobutyricum
strains isolated from raw milk and cheese.
Draft Genome Sequence of the Yeast
Ogataea degrootiae
Strain UCD465, Isolated from Soil in Ireland
Authors: Ó Cinnéide Eoin , Jones Max , Bahate Elijah , Boyd Elizabeth , Clavero Rebeca , Doherty Harry , Drozdz Izabela , Dumana Maja , Gonzales Cristina , Kennedy Jane , Khan Maria , Maher Shane , McGurk Clare , Moreau Katherine , Neville Ruby , Norton Jade , Ó Cróinín Tadhg , O’Gorman Elizabeth , Olliff Juliana C. , Orimaco Rhys , Quinn Ellen , Webb Kennedy Sarah , Bergin Sean A. , Byrne Kevin P. , Wolfe Kenneth H. , Butler Geraldine
Published: September 2021

Ogataea degrootiae
is an ascomycete yeast that was first isolated in the Netherlands in 2017. It is a member of the Pichiaceae clade. Here, we present the genome sequence of
O. degrootiae
UCD465, which was isolated from soil in Ireland. This genome is 14.6 Mb and haploid.
Complete Genome Sequence of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens EA19, an Endophytic Bacterium with Biocontrol Potential Isolated from Erigeron annuus
Authors: Zeng Fan-song , Yuan Bin , Shi Wen-qi , Gong Shuang-jun , Xiang Li-bo , Yu Da-zhao , Yang Li-jun
Published: September 2021

Bacillus amyloliquefaciens
strain EA19 is an endophyte isolated from
Erigeron annuus
with antifungal activity against
Blumeria graminis
f. sp.
tritici
,
Magnaporthe oryzae
, and
Fusarium graminearum
. The genome sequence of this strain is 3.96 Mb and contains 3,421 coding sequences, which will facilitate an understanding of the mechanisms of biocontrol.
Draft Genome Sequence of Streptococcus salivarius AGIRA0003, Isolated from Functional Gastrointestinal Disorder Duodenal Tissue
Authors: Hoedt Emily C. , Shanahan Erin R. , Keely Simon , Shah Ayesha , Burns Grace L. , Holtmann Gerald J. , Talley Nicholas J. , Morrison Mark
Published: September 2021

Patients suffering functional dyspepsia symptoms have been shown to possess a greater relative abundance of
Streptococcus
compared to asymptomatic controls. Here, we describe the isolation and genomic features of a new
Streptococcus
isolate, from the duodenal tissue of a subject reporting dyspeptic symptoms, taxonomically assigned to
Streptococcus salivarius
and designated strain AGIRA0003.
Sixteen Genome Sequences of Denitrifying Bacteria Assembled from Enriched Cultures of Anaerobic Pig Manure Digestate
Authors: Wang Xinhui , Xiang Baoyu , Zhang Menghui , Zhang Xiaojun
Published: September 2021

We report 16 genomes assembled from the metagenome of pig manure digestate enriched with the addition of N
2
O. These denitrifying bacterial genomes all contain the
nosZ
gene, encoding N
2
O reductase. Their sizes range from 1,902,599 bp to 6,264,563 bp, with completeness of 75.03% to 98.89%, GC contents of 32.86% to 69.66%, and contamination of 0% to 8.4%.
Coding-Complete Genome Sequence of Swine Influenza Virus Isolate A/Swine/Karaganda/04/2020 (H1N1) from Kazakhstan
Authors: Klivleyeva Nailya G. , Ongarbayeva Nuray S. , Korotetskiy Ilya S. , Glebova Tatiana I. , Saktaganov Nurbol T. , Shamenova Mira G. , Baimakhanova Baiken B. , Shevtsov Alexandr B. , Amirgazin Asylulan , Berezin Vladimir E. , Webby Richard J.
Published: September 2021

Here, we report the coding-complete genome sequence of a clinical sample of influenza virus obtained from a pig at a livestock farm in Karaganda, Central Kazakhstan, during a pig study in 2020. Isolate A/Swine/Karaganda/04/2020 (H1N1) belongs to clade 1A.3.2.2 lineage 1A, which includes the 2009 H1N1 pandemic strains.
SARS-CoV-2 Antibody Testing in Health Care Workers: A Comparison of the Clinical Performance of Three Commercially Available Antibody Assays
Authors: Allen Niamh , Brady Melissa , Carrion Martin Antonio Isidro , Domegan Lisa , Walsh Cathal , Houlihan Elaine , Kerr Colm , Doherty Lorraine , King Joanne , Doheny Martina , Griffin Damian , Molloy Maria , Dunne Jean , Crowley Vivion , Holmes Philip , Keogh Evan , Naughton Sean , Kelly Martina , O’Rourke Fiona , Lynagh Yvonne , Crowley Brendan , de Gascun Cillian , Holder Paul , Bergin Colm , Fleming Catherine , Ni Riain Una , Conlon Niall
Published: September 2021

As the COVID-19 pandemic progresses, retained sensitivity over time is an important quality in an antibody assay that is to be used for the purpose of population seroprevalence studies. There is a relative paucity of published literature in this field to help guide public health specialists when planning seroprevalence studies.
Intracellular Accumulation of Novel and Clinically Used TB Drugs Potentiates Intracellular Synergy
Authors: Tanner Lloyd , Mashabela Gabriel T. , Omollo Charles C. , de Wet Timothy J. , Parkinson Christopher J. , Warner Digby F. , Haynes Richard K. , Wiesner Lubbe
Published: September 2021

This study addresses the development of novel therapeutic compounds for the eventual treatment of drug-resistant tuberculosis. Tuberculosis continues to progress, with cases of
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
(
M. tuberculosis
) resistance to first-line medications increasing.
Kinetics of SARS-CoV-2 Specific and Neutralizing Antibodies over Seven Months after Symptom Onset in COVID-19 Patients
Authors: Zhu Liguo , Xu Xin , Zhu Baoli , Guo Xiling , Xu Ke , Song Ci , Fu Jianguang , Yu Huiyan , Kong Xiaoxiao , Peng Jiefu , Huang Haodi , Zou Xin , Ding Yuqing , Bao Changjun , Zhu Fengcai , Hu Zhibin , Wu Ming , Shen Hongbin
Published: September 2021

The long-term characteristics of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies among COVID-19 patients remain largely unclear. Tracking the longevity of these antibodies can provide a forward-looking reference for monitoring COVID-19.
Diversity of Treponema denticola and Other Oral Treponeme Lineages in Subjects with Periodontitis and Gingivitis
Authors: Zeng Huihui , Chan Yuki , Gao Wenling , Leung W. Keung , Watt Rory M.
Published: September 2021

Periodontal diseases, such as periodontitis, are highly complex, multifactorial inflammatory infectious diseases affecting the gums and tooth-supporting structures. They are caused by chronic accumulations of dental plaque below the gum line that typically comprise hundreds of different bacterial species.
The influence of rock uplift rate on the formation and preservation of individual marine terraces during multiple sea-level stands
Authors: Malatesta Luca C. , Finnegan Noah J. , Huppert Kimberly L. , Carreño Emily I.
Published: September 2021

Marine terraces are a cornerstone for the study of paleo sea level and crustal deformation. Commonly, individual erosive marine terraces are attributed to unique sea-level high stands based on the reasoning that marine platforms could only be significantly widened at the beginning of an interglacial. However, this logic implies that wave erosion is insignificant at other times. We postulate that the erosion potential at a given bedrock elevation datum is proportional to the total duration of sea-level occupation at that datum. The total duration of sea-level occupation depends strongly on rock uplift rate. Certain rock uplift rates may promote the generation and preservation of particular terraces while others prevent them. For example, at rock uplift of ~1.2 mm/yr, the Marine Isotope Stage (MIS) 5e (ca. 120 ka) high stand reoccupies the elevation of the MIS 6d–e mid-stand, favoring creation of a wider terrace than at higher or lower rock uplift rates. Thus, misidentification of terraces can occur if each terrace in a sequence is assumed to form uniquely at successive interglacial high stands and to reflect their relative elevations. Developing a graphical proxy for the entire erosion potential of sea-level history allows us to address creation and preservation biases at different rock uplift rates.
New estimates of the magnitude of the sea-level jump during the 8.2 ka event
Authors: Obrist-Farner Jonathan , Brenner Mark , Stone Jeffery R. , Wojewódka-Przybył Marta , Bauersachs Thorsten , Eckert Andreas , Locmelis Marek , Curtis Jason H. , Zimmerman Susan R.H. , Correa-Metrio Alex , Schwark Lorenz , Duarte Edward , Schwalb Antje , Niewerth Etienne , Echeverría-Galindo Paula Gabriela , Pérez Liseth
Published: September 2021

We analyzed sediment cores from coastal Lake Izabal, Guatemala, to infer Holocene biogeochemical changes in the lake. At ca. 8370 calibrated yr B.P. (cal. yr B.P.), marine waters entered the lake, which presently lies ~38 km from the Caribbean coast. Temporal correlation between Early Holocene drainage of high-latitude Lakes Agassiz and Ojibway (in North America) and marine flooding of Lake Izabal suggests a causal link between the two processes. Our data indicate a relative sea-level jump of 2.60 ± 0.88 m, which is larger than previous estimates of sea-level rise during the 8.2 ka event. The inferred sea-level jump, however, cannot be explained solely by the volume of water released during drainage of Lakes Agassiz and Ojibway. Instead, we propose that previous studies underestimated the magnitude of Lakes Agassiz and Ojibway discharge, or that additional meltwater sources contributed to global sea-level rise at that time.
Interaction bounding surfaces exposed in migrating transverse aeolian ridges on Mars
Authors: Day Mackenzie
Published: September 2021

Wind-blown sand self-organizes into bedforms that have now been identified on six different planetary bodies. These bedforms, including ripples and dunes, exhibit patterns that are diagnostic of surface-atmosphere interactions and can be used to interpret winds and sediment supply from satellite images of planetary surfaces. Patterns in dune and ripple fields change when one or more bedforms interact, for example, by linking, colliding, or merging with one another. When two bedforms interact, the cross-strata developed by the bedforms include a bounding surface where the two bedforms combined. These “interaction bounding surfaces” have been interpreted from ancient and modern strata in recent literature, but they have not yet been identified beyond Earth. On Mars, aeolian dunes and ripples form much as they do on Earth, but additional enigmatic bedform types are also present. Transverse aeolian ridges are straight-crested bedforms found abundantly on Mars, but with few analogs on Earth. Formation mechanisms for these enigmatic bedforms range from dune-like migration and construction to growth in place via wedge stacking or kinetic sieving. In this work, I studied exposed stoss-slope stratification on these enigmatic Martian bedforms to (1) identify the first in situ examples of interaction bounding surfaces captured visually, and (2) demonstrate that the transverse aeolian ridges must have been forward migrating.
Supplemental Material: Ulungarat Basin: Record of a major Middle Devonian to Mississippian syn-rift to post-rift tectonic transition, eastern Brooks Range, Arctic Alaska
Authors: Anderson A.V. , Meisling K.E.
Published: September 2021

Describes the organization, sedimentology, and
depositional environments of the Ulungarat Basin succession including
description of type sections of the Ulungarat and Mangaqtaaq formations. Table
S1 documents published fossil and radiometric age constraints used to construct
the mid-Paleozoic tectonostratigraphic chart (Fig. 12), including basis for age
assignment and list of source references. A reference list of all sources cited
in Table S1 is included.