bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The association of perceived conflict with sadness for long-term care residents with moderate and severe dementia
Authors: O'Rourke Hannah M , Fraser Kimberly D , Duggleby Wendy , Keating Norah
Published: June 2016

Objectives

Research into the lived experiences of long-term care residents with dementia has identified perceived conflict, and its impact on sadness, as priorities for quality of life from the perspectives of people with dementia. However, whether and to what extent perceived conflict and sadness are associated has not been previously tested in this population. This study tested the associations between perceived conflicts with staff, family or friends and co-residents and their experience of sadness, and whether cognitive impairment or functional dependence modified these associations.

Methods

The study design was cross-sectional, correlational retrospective. Participants were 5001 residents of 613 long-term care facilities in Ontario, Canada with moderate and severe dementia. Clinical administrative data collected from 2012 to 2013 using the Resident Assessment Instrument 2.0 were used to measure the person's perception of conflicts with family/friends, staff, or co-residents, as well as verbal and non-verbal indicators of sadness. Hypotheses were tested using logistic regression, with cluster correction.

Results

Sadness (adjusting for age, sex, family/friend contact, pain, cognitive impairment, and functional dependence) was positively associated with perceived conflicts with family or friends (OR 1.91; 95% CI 1.26–2.88; p = 0.002) and staff (OR 1.51; 95% CI 1.07–2.13; p = 0.020). These associations did not differ depending on the level of cognitive impairment or functional dependence. The association between co-resident conflict and sadness was statistically significant for people with moderate (OR 2.02; 95% CI 1.45–2.82; p < 0.001) but not for those with severe dementia (OR 1.18; 95% CI 0.72–1.91; p = 0.511).

Conclusion

Long-term care residents with dementia who perceive conflict with others require support to maintain high quality relationships, particularly with family and friends. Future research should rigorously assess the modifiability of perceived conflict for people with moderate and severe dementia, and whether interventions to ameliorate perceived conflict result in decreased sadness and improved quality of life.
Characterizing a Naturalistic Decision-Making Phenomenon
Authors: Patterson Emily S. , Militello Laura G. , Su George , Sarkar Urmimala
Published: June 2016

We describe a phenomenon viewed through the conceptual lens of a naturalistic decision-making perspective: a loss of system resilience, due to increased difficulty in performing macrocognition functions, associated with the implementation of new information technology. Examples of the phenomenon collected in a targeted literature review are characterized by stakeholder groups, technology, typical changes in workflow before and after implementation, and potential impacts on macrocognition and patient outcomes for four clinical care environments. The loss of system resilience is due to increased difficulty in performing macrocognition functions: (a) sensemaking due to less effective cognitive warm-up and collaborative framing strategies, (b) detecting events due to missing trends in data and changes to orders, and (c) coordinating due to less clinical knowledge during scheduling and updating information and less effective cross-checks. Potential impacts to patient safety include an increase in unnecessary care, missed care, delays in diagnoses and treatment, redundant care, inaccurate diagnoses, medication errors, and adverse events. We recommended future conceptually driven research in other complex, sociotechnical settings in order to develop useful metrics and reduce the risk of incurring undesirable and unnecessary impacts on cognitive work associated with new technology.
Is Safety in the Eye of the Beholder? Safeguards in Research With Adults With Intellectual Disability
Authors: McDonald Katherine E. , Conroy Nicole E. , Kim Carolyn I. , LoBraico Emily J. , Prather Ellis M. , Olick Robert S.
Published: June 2016

Human subjects research has a core commitment to participant well-being. This obligation is accentuated for once exploited populations such as adults with intellectual disability. Yet we know little about the public’s views on appropriate safeguards for this population. We surveyed adults with intellectual disability, family members and friends, disability service providers, researchers, and Institutional Review Board (IRB) members to compare views on safeguards. We found many points of convergence of views, particularly for decision-making and participation. One trend is that adults with intellectual disability perceive greater safety in being engaged directly in recruitment, and recruitment by specific individuals. Researchers and IRB members need to consider community views to facilitate the safe and respectful inclusion of adults with intellectual disability.
Desires and taboos: Sexual relationships between coaches and athletes
Authors: Johansson Susanne , Kenttä Göran , Andersen Mark B
Published: June 2016

Coach–athlete sexual relationships constitute ethical, behavioral, social, and emotional quandaries that are rarely addressed openly. Most of the current body of research in this area focuses on coaches’ sexual harassment and abuse of children and female athletes. In the present article, we discuss legal coach–athlete sexual relationships and adopt a coach perspective. As dual relationships, coach–athlete sexual relationships blur the boundaries between professional roles circumscribed (usually) by ethical codes of conduct and private spheres of love and desire. We explore the problems associated with the limitations of dichotomous right/wrong ethical decision making and discuss additional ways to understand these relationships, accounting for coaches’ and athletes’ well-being, performance, gendered sexual agency, power, ethical dilemmas, sport policy, and legal implications. Our discussion raises questions about how to open up dialogue and transparency regarding coach–athlete sexual relationships and how to facilitate functional, healthy coach–athlete relationships. Finally, we provide implications for future research that include legal and consensual coach–athlete sexual relationships and advocate transparency, open discussion, and coach education about coach–athlete sexual relationship dilemmas.
An objective functional evaluation of the flexor carpi ulnaris set of triple tendon transfer in radial nerve palsy
Authors: Latheef L. , Bhardwaj P. , Sankaran A. , Sabapathy S. R.
Published: June 2016

This study reports an objective assessment of postoperative function of 11 triple transfers for high radial palsies, using pronator teres for wrist extension, flexor carpi ulnaris for finger extension and palmaris longus for thumb extension. The mean follow-up was 3.3 years. Assessment was done by recording the active ranges of wrist motion, grip strength, wrist and finger strength and work simulation. The mean strength and range of wrist extension were 42% and 86%, respectively, of the contralateral wrist. Other measured movements were within the functional range and work simulation confirmed good restoration of function. The mean DASH score was 3.45, with no patient reporting any specific functional complaints. This study shows that even though the range of wrist motion and the strength of the wrist and fingers are less than normal, hand function remains good. We conclude that the flexor carpi ulnaris set of tendon transfer works well.

Level of evidence: 3
Analysis of variation in the surgical treatment of patients with distal radial fractures in the Netherlands
Authors: Walenkamp M. M. J. , Mulders M. A. M. , Goslings J. C. , Westert G. P. , Schep N. W. L.
Published: June 2016

The purpose of this study was to examine the variation in surgical treatment rates of patients with distal radius fractures across Dutch hospitals. We obtained all reimbursement data for the treatment of distal radius fractures for 2012 and 2013 categorized by hospital. The surgical rate across hospitals was corrected for possible explanatory variables using linear regression analyses. We analysed a total of 95,754 reimbursements. The operative rate ranged from 0% to 23%, with a mean of 9.6%. Hospital type, the percentage of females, the percentage of patients over 65, the mean age, average socioeconomic status and the total number of patients treated explained only 2.6% of the observed differences in the operative rate among hospitals in 2012 and 11.6% in 2013. Our results suggest that subjective factors, such as surgeon’s opinions and preferences, significantly influence therapeutic decisions in patients with distal radius fractures.

Level of evidence: III
Efficacy of the Omnipod Insulin Management System on Glycemic Control in Patients With Type 1 Diabetes Previously Treated With Multiple Daily Injections or Continuous Subcutaneous Insulin Infusion
Authors: Layne Jennifer E. , Parkin Christopher G. , Zisser Howard
Published: June 2016

Background:

Continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII) treatment with a tubeless patch pump has not been previously evaluated in a large cohort of patients.

Methods:

This multisite, retrospective study evaluated glycemic control in patients with type 1 diabetes (n = 873) after 3 months treatment the Omnipod® insulin management system (Insulet Corporation, Billerica, MA) compared to prior treatment with multiple daily injections (MDI) (78.1%) or CSII (21.9%). The primary outcome was change in HbA1c from baseline at 3 months post–Omnipod treatment initiation. Secondary outcomes included shifts in HbA1c to target levels, change in total daily dose (TDD) of insulin and in the frequency and severity of hypoglycemic episodes.

Results:

HbA1c was significantly improved at 3 months post–Omnipod treatment for the total population (mean ± SD): −0.6% ± 1.3 ( P < .001). HbA1c was also significantly lower compared to MDI: −0.3% ± 1.3, −0.4% ± 1.4, −0.8% ± 1.3 and −0.6% ± 1.3 ( P = .002 to P < .001) and CSII: −0.3% ± 0.8, −1.1% ± 1.6 ( P < .01), −0.4% ± 1.1 ( P < .001), and −0.5% ± 1.1 ( P < .001) for pediatric, adolescent, adult, and total populations, respectively. There was a 37.9% change increase in the proportion of patients ≥18 years and a 39.3% change increase in those <18 years achieving ADA treatment targets ( P = .004 to P < .001). There was a 16.4% change decrease in TDD of insulin at 3 months for the total population ( P < .001). The frequency of self-reported hypoglycemia decreased significantly ( P < .001) by 1.0 ± 2.4 episodes per week.

Conclusions:

Treatment with the Omnipod insulin management system was associated with clinically meaningful and statistically significant improvement in glycemic control, reduction in daily insulin requirement and reduction in the frequency and severity of hypoglycemic episodes.
Evaluation of French-language internet sites dealing with multiple sclerosis
Authors: Guéguen Antoine , Maillart Elisabeth , Gallice Thibault , Allaf Bashar
Published: June 2016

Background

Information available on the internet has changed patient–neurologist relationships. Its evaluation for multiple sclerosis is only partial, regardless of the language used.

Objective

We aim to evaluate the content quality and ranking indexes of French-language sites dealing with multiple sclerosis.

Methods

Two French terms and three search engines were used to identify the sites whose ranking indexes were calculated according to their positions on each page designated by the search engines. Three evaluators used the DISCERN questionnaire to assess the content quality of the 25 selected sites. The sites were classified according to the mean of the evaluators’ grades. Grading agreement between evaluators was calculated. Ranking indexes were computed as a rank/100.

Results

Content level was deemed mediocre, with poor referencing of the information provided. The naïve and two expert evaluators’ grades differed. Content quality disparity was found within the different website categories, except for institutional sites. No correlation was found between content quality and ranking index.

Conclusion

The information available was heterogeneous. Physicians should guide patients in their internet searches for information so that they can benefit from good-quality input which is potentially able to improve their management.
Merestinib blocks Mnk kinase activity in acute myeloid leukemia progenitors and exhibits antileukemic effects in vitro and in vivo
Authors: Kosciuczuk Ewa M. , Saleiro Diana , Kroczynska Barbara , Beauchamp Elspeth M. , Eckerdt Frank , Blyth Gavin T. , Abedin Sameem M. , Giles Francis J. , Altman Jessica K. , Platanias Leonidas C.
Published: June 2016

Key Points

Merestinib blocks Mnk kinase activity in acute myeloid leukemia cells. Merestinib suppresses human leukemic progenitors and exhibits potent antileukemic effects in a xenograft mouse model.
Conditional Ablation of Progesterone Receptor Membrane Component 1 Results in Subfertility in the Female and Development of Endometrial Cysts
Authors: McCallum Melissa L. , Pru Cindy A. , Niikura Yuichi , Yee Siu-Pok , Lydon John P. , Peluso John J. , Pru James K.
Published: June 2016

Progesterone (P4) is essential for female fertility. The objective of this study was to evaluate the functional requirement of the nonclassical P4 receptor (PGR), PGR membrane component 1, in regulating female fertility. To achieve this goal, the Pgrmc1 gene was floxed by insertion of loxP sites on each side of exon 2. Pgrmc1 floxed (Pgrmc1fl/fl) mice were crossed with Pgrcre or Amhr2cre mice to delete Pgrmc1 (Pgrmc1d/d) from the female reproductive tract. A 6-month breeding trial revealed that conditional ablation of Pgrmc1 with Pgrcre/+ mice resulted in a 40% reduction (P = .0002) in the number of pups/litter. Neither the capacity to ovulate in response to gonadotropin treatment nor the expression of PGR and the estrogen receptor was altered in the uteri of Pgrmc1d/d mice compared with Pgrmc1fl/fl control mice. Although conditional ablation of Pgrmc1 from mesenchymal tissue using Amhr2cre/+ mice did not reduce the number of pups/litter, the total number of litters born in the 6-month breeding trial was significantly decreased (P = .041). In addition to subfertility, conditional ablation of Pgrmc1 using either Amhr2cre/+ or Pgrcre/+ mice resulted in the development of endometrial cysts starting around 4 months of age. Interestingly, pregnancy attenuated the formation of these uterine cysts. These new findings demonstrate that PGR membrane component 1 plays an important role in female fertility and uterine tissue homeostasis.
The Impact of Surgery and Stored Red Blood Cell Transfusions on Nitric Oxide Homeostasis
Authors: Nagababu Enika , Scott Andrew V. , Johnson Daniel J. , Goyal Aakshit , Lipsitz Joshua A. , Barodka Viachaslau M. , Berkowitz Dan E. , Frank Steven M.
Published: June 2016

BACKGROUND:

Cell-free hemoglobin (Hb) forms in stored red blood cells (RBCs) as a result of hemolysis. Studies suggest that this cell-free Hb may decrease nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability, potentially leading to endothelial dysfunction, vascular injury, and multiorgan dysfunction after transfusion. We tested the hypothesis that moderate doses of stored RBC transfusions increase cell-free Hb and decrease NO availability in postoperative surgical patients.

METHODS:

Twenty-six patients undergoing multilevel spine fusion surgery were studied. We compared those who received no stored RBCs (n= 9) with those who received moderate amounts (6.1 ± 3.0 units) of stored RBCs over 3 perioperative days (n= 17). Percent hemolysis (cell-free Hb), RBC-NO (heme-NO), and plasma nitrite and nitrate were measured in samples from the stored RBC bags and from patients’ blood, before and after surgery.

RESULTS:

Posttransfusion hemolysis was increased approximately 3.5-fold over preoperative levels (P= 0.0002) in blood samples collected immediately after surgery but not on postoperative days 1 to 3. Decreases in both heme-NO (by approximately 50%) and plasma nitrite (by approximately 40%) occurred postoperatively, both in nontransfused patients (P= 0.036 andP= 0.026, respectively) and transfused patients (P= 0.0068 andP= 0.003, respectively) and returned to preoperative baseline levels by postoperative day 2 or 3. Postoperative plasma nitrite and nitrate were decreased significantly in both groups, and this change was slower to return to baseline in the transfused patients, suggesting that blood loss and hemodilution from crystalloid administration contribute to this finding.

CONCLUSIONS:

The decrease in NO metabolites occurred irrespective of stored RBC transfusions, suggesting this decrease may be related to blood loss during surgery and hemodilution rather than to scavenging of NO or inhibition of NO synthesis by stored RBC transfusions.
Mechanisms of the Immunological Effects of Volatile Anesthetics: A Review
Authors: Yuki Koichi , Eckenhoff Roderic G.
Published: June 2016

Volatile anesthetics (VAs) have been in clinical use for a very long time. Their mechanism of action is yet to be fully delineated, but multiple ion channels have been reported as targets for VAs (canonical VA targets). It is increasingly recognized that VAs also manifest effects outside the central nervous system, including on immune cells. However, the literature related to how VAs affect the behavior of immune cells is very limited, but it is of interest that some canonical VA targets are reportedly expressed in immune cells. Here, we review the current literature and describe canonical VA targets expressed in leukocytes and their known roles. In addition, we introduce adhesion molecules called β2 integrins as noncanonical VA targets in leukocytes. Finally, we propose a model for how VAs affect the function of neutrophils, macrophages, and natural killer cells via concerted effects on multiple targets as examples.
Habitat-specific foraging strategies in Australasian gannets
Authors: Wells Melanie R. , Angel Lauren P. , Arnould John P. Y.
Published: June 2016

Knowledge of top predator foraging adaptability is imperative for predicting their biological response to environmental variability. While seabirds have developed highly specialised techniques to locate prey, little is known about intraspecific variation in foraging strategies with many studies deriving information from uniform oceanic environments. Australasian gannets (Morus serrator) typically forage in continental shelf regions on small schooling prey. The present study used GPS and video data loggers to compare habitat-specific foraging strategies at two sites of contrasting oceanographic regimes (deep water near the continental shelf edge, n=23; shallow inshore embayment, n=26), in south-eastern Australia. Individuals from the continental shelf site exhibited pelagic foraging behaviours typical of gannet species, using local enhancement to locate and feed on small schooling fish; in contrast only 50% of the individuals from the inshore site foraged offshore, displaying the typical pelagic foraging strategy. The remainder adopted a strategy of searching sand banks in shallow inshore waters in the absence of conspecifics and other predators for large, single prey items. Furthermore, of the individuals foraging inshore, 93% were male, indicating that the inshore strategy may be sex-specific. Large inter-colony differences in Australasian gannets suggest strong plasticity in foraging behaviours, essential for adapting to environmental change.
Using light to tell the time of day: sensory coding in the mammalian circadian visual network
Authors: Brown Timothy M.
Published: June 2016

Circadian clocks are a near-ubiquitous feature of biology, allowing organisms to optimise their physiology to make the most efficient use of resources and adjust behaviour to maximise survival over the solar day. To fulfil this role, circadian clocks require information about time in the external world. This is most reliably obtained by measuring the pronounced changes in illumination associated with the earth's rotation. In mammals, these changes are exclusively detected in the retina and are relayed by direct and indirect neural pathways to the master circadian clock in the hypothalamic suprachiasmatic nuclei. Recent work reveals a surprising level of complexity in this sensory control of the circadian system, including the participation of multiple photoreceptive pathways conveying distinct aspects of visual and/or time-of-day information. In this Review, I summarise these important recent advances, present hypotheses as to the functions and neural origins of these sensory signals, highlight key challenges for future research and discuss the implications of our current knowledge for animals and humans in the modern world.
How embryos escape from danger: the mechanism of rapid, plastic hatching in red-eyed treefrogs
Authors: Cohen Kristina L. , Seid Marc A. , Warkentin Karen M.
Published: June 2016

Environmentally cued hatching allows embryos to escape dangers and exploit new opportunities. Such adaptive responses require a flexibly regulated hatching mechanism sufficiently fast to meet relevant challenges. Anurans show widespread, diverse cued hatching responses, but their described hatching mechanisms are slow, and regulation of timing is unknown. Arboreal embryos of red-eyed treefrogs, Agalychnis callidryas, escape from snake attacks and other threats by very rapid premature hatching. We used videography, manipulation of hatching embryos and electron microscopy to investigate their hatching mechanism. High-speed video revealed three stages of the hatching process: pre-rupture shaking and gaping, vitelline membrane rupture near the snout, and muscular thrashing to exit through the hole. Hatching took 6.5–49 s. We hypothesized membrane rupture to be enzymatic, with hatching enzyme released from the snout during shaking. To test this, we displaced hatching embryos to move their snout from its location during shaking. The membrane ruptured at the original snout position and embryos became trapped in collapsed capsules; they either moved repeatedly to relocate the hole or shook again and made a second hole to exit. Electron microscopy revealed that hatching glands are densely concentrated on the snout and absent elsewhere. They are full of vesicles in embryos and release most of their contents rapidly at hatching. Agalychnis callidryas' hatching mechanism contrasts with the slow process described in anurans to date and exemplifies one way in which embryos can achieve rapid, flexibly timed hatching to escape from acute threats. Other amphibians with cued hatching may also have novel hatching mechanisms.
Fabrication of Densely Packed HKUST-1 Metal Organic Framework Thin Layers on a Cu Substrate through a Controlled Dissolution of Cu
Authors: Tanihara Yasutomo , Nozaki Ai , Kuwahara Yasutaka , Mori Kohsuke , Yamashita Hiromi
Published: June 2016

An alternative approach to fabricate thin layers of metal organic frameworks (MOFs) on metal substrates without any needs of specific apparatuses was developed. Cu substrates were immersed into acid solution containing 1,3,5-benzenetricarboxylic acid (H3BTC) organic linker for the MOFs synthesis, where in-situ dissolved Cu2+ ions were assembled to form [Cu3(BTC)2] (HKUST-1; BTC: 1,3,5-benzenetricarboxylate) crystals on the Cu substrates. The optimization of the choice of acids, solvents and preparation conditions were carried out to fabricate densely packed MOFs thin layers on Cu substrates. Use of a low-polarity solvent, benzyl alcohol (ε = 13), afforded a best balance between a dissolution rate of Cu and a coordination rate of the ligands, which led to the formation of a homogeneous thin layer composed of densely deposited small HKUST-1 crystals with a thickness of up to ca. 5 µm on the Cu substrates. The thus synthesized MOFs thin layers exhibited a gas-adsorption property for H2 and CO2 with an excellent mechanical stability, making this method a promising approach to functionalize metal substrates.
A systematic computational analysis of the rRNA–3′ UTR sequence complementarity suggests a regulatory mechanism influencing post-termination events in metazoan translation
Authors: Pánek Josef , Kolář Michal , Herrmannová Anna , Valášek Leoš Shivaya
Published: June 2016

Nucleic acid sequence complementarity underlies many fundamental biological processes. Although first noticed a long time ago, sequence complementarity between mRNAs and ribosomal RNAs still lacks a meaningful biological interpretation. Here we used statistical analysis of large-scale sequence data sets and high-throughput computing to explore complementarity between 18S and 28S rRNAs and mRNA 3′ UTR sequences. By the analysis of 27,646 full-length 3′ UTR sequences from 14 species covering both protozoans and metazoans, we show that the computed 18S rRNA complementarity creates an evolutionarily conserved localization pattern centered around the ribosomal mRNA entry channel, suggesting its biological relevance and functionality. Based on this specific pattern and earlier data showing that post-termination 80S ribosomes are not stably anchored at the stop codon and can migrate in both directions to codons that are cognate to the P-site deacylated tRNA, we propose that the 18S rRNA–mRNA complementarity selectively stabilizes post-termination ribosomal complexes to facilitate ribosome recycling. We thus demonstrate that the complementarity between 18S rRNA and 3′ UTRs has a non-random nature and very likely carries information with a regulatory potential for translational control.
Transferrin receptor mRNA interactions contributing to iron homeostasis
Authors: Rupani Dhwani N. , Connell Gregory J.
Published: June 2016

The transferrin receptor is the primary means of iron importation for most mammalian cells and understanding its regulatory mechanisms is relevant to hematologic, oncologic, and other disorders in which iron homeostasis is perturbed. The 3′ UTR of the transferrin receptor mRNA contains an instability element that is protected from degradation during iron depletion through interactions of iron regulatory proteins (IRPs) with five iron-responsive elements (IREs). The structural features required for degradation and the site of IRP binding required for in situ protection remain unclear. An RNA-CLIP strategy is described here that identifies the predominant site of IRP-1 interaction within a nontransformed primary cell line. This approach avoided complications associated with the use of elevated concentrations of protein and/or mRNA and detected interactions within the native environment of the mRNA. A compensatory mutagenesis strategy indicates that the instability element at minimum consists of three non-IRE stem–loops that can function additively, suggesting that they are not forming one highly interdependent structure. Although the IREs are not essential for instability, they enhance instability when IRP interactions are inhibited. These results are supportive of a mechanism for a graded response to the intracellular iron resulting from a progressive loss of IRP protection.
Transcription of lncRNA prt, clustered prt RNA sites for Mmi1 binding, and RNA polymerase II CTD phospho-sites govern the repression of pho1 gene expression under phosphate-replete conditions in fission yeast
Authors: Chatterjee Debashree , Sanchez Ana M. , Goldgur Yehuda , Shuman Stewart , Schwer Beate
Published: June 2016

Expression of fission yeast Pho1 acid phosphatase is repressed during growth in phosphate-rich medium. Repression is mediated by transcription of the prt locus upstream of pho1 to produce a long noncoding (lnc) prt RNA. Repression is also governed by RNA polymerase II CTD phosphorylation status, whereby inability to place a Ser7-PO4 mark (as in S7A) derepresses Pho1 expression, and inability to place a Thr4-PO4 mark (as in T4A) hyper-represses Pho1 in phosphate replete cells. Here we find that basal pho1 expression from the prt–pho1 locus is inversely correlated with the activity of the prt promoter, which resides in a 110-nucleotide DNA segment preceding the prt transcription start site. CTD mutations S7A and T4A had no effect on the activity of the prt promoter or the pho1 promoter, suggesting that S7A and T4A affect post-initiation events in prt lncRNA synthesis that make it less and more repressive of pho1, respectively. prt lncRNA contains clusters of DSR (determinant of selective removal) sequences recognized by the YTH-domain-containing protein Mmi1. Altering the nucleobase sequence of two DSR clusters in the prt lncRNA caused hyper-repression of pho1 in phosphate replete cells, concomitant with increased levels of the prt transcript. The isolated Mmi1 YTH domain binds to RNAs with single or tandem DSR elements, to the latter in a noncooperative fashion. We report the 1.75 Å crystal structure of the Mmi1 YTH domain and provide evidence that Mmi1 recognizes DSR RNA via a binding mode distinct from that of structurally homologous YTH proteins that recognize m6A-modified RNA.
Institute of the consolidated financial statements in the Russian Federation
Authors: Неелова  , Neelova Natalia
Published: June 2016

Th e article gives the classifi cation of organizations, which prepare consolidated fi nancial statements in the Russian Federation in accordance with the legal system and constituent documents and initiative. Th e author considers the requirements of legal and government regulations for the preparation procedure, audit, extension, publishing and keeping of the consolidated fi nancial statements by these organizations.
The impact of modern technologies on the development of electronic tourism
Authors: Абдель Вахед Эссам Абдаллах Махмуд , Abdel Vakhed Essam Abdallakh Makhmud
Published: June 2016

The article discusses advantages of information technology in electronic tourism (e-tourism) promotion. Today the global society is hardly imaginable without different portable technical equipment, and it is the condition for e-tourism development. Implementation of the global Internet network in all spheres of human activity has allowed to develop e-commerce, which is firmly established in the tourism industry. At current stage tourist sites occupy a significant part of total number of Internet sites. E-tourism is the pressing topic for modern globalized society. But today the advantages of Internet´s impact on the tourism industry in Russia and the world at large are understudied. The article defines the role of Internet and satellite television in development new type of organization of tourism – e-tourism. This kind of organization of tourism has become very popular in Western Europe and in America, due to the development of information technologies and Internet expansion of Web-sites of many means of accommodation. Hotels with own Web-sites gives on their pages detailed information about the conditions of accommodation with an indication of the prices of all the services offered. When comparing the data of price-lists, we can note that they differ markedly in the price range from tourist agencies proposals. Internet capabilities are attractive to potential tourists. With their help he by himself can get acquainted with the country, he is going to visit, can learn about the attractions and hotels, as well as the living conditions in them. Gradually, travelers began to trust in innovations such as e-visa and e-ticket, and enjoy them. Thus, it is possible to talk about the rapid development of e-tourism.
Small hotels of Moscow: problems and prospects
Authors: Кобелева Ольга , Kobeleva Olga , Духовная Лилия , Dukhovnaya Liliya , Шпагина Ирина , Shpagina Irina
Published: June 2016

Today the hotel business enterprises in the Russian Federation are still in their infancy, lagging behind from major hotel chains by the level of development in average of 10-15 years. However, a gradual process of increasing of hotel room stock, the active implementation of new technologies and methods of guest services in the hotel market gradually allows Russian means of accommodation to form a competitive, profitable sector of service and economy. Against the background of these trends the process of formation and development of small hotels that are very popular among tourists abroad plays an important role. It determines the relevance of the article. The article gives a detailed analysis of small hotels segment and determines their share in the overall structure of the city´s accommodation. In accordance with the Federal Law №108-FZ "On the preparation and holding in the Russian Federation in the FIFA World Cup and Confederations FIFA Cup 2017 and Amendments to Certain Legislative Acts of the Russian Federation" classification of hotel enterprises is mandatory for all hotel businesses, including small hotels in Moscow and other cities involved in this large-scale event. Therefore, the article analyzes in detail the current situation with the classification of hotels in Moscow. The comparative characteristic of the share of small hotels in total accommodation facilities in Moscow and in major European cities is of significant interest. The authors especially point out the problems of imperfection of legal and regulatory framework governing the activities of given means of accommodation, as well as distinguish the most promising directions of small hotels development in the structure of hotel enterprises of Moscow.
Experience of the Yaroslavl state University. P. G. Demidov to strengthen a practice-oriented approach in the implementation of educational programs "Bachelor of tourism" and "Master in tourism"
Authors: Данилов Андрей , Danilov Andrey
Published: June 2016

The article focuses on the implementation of a practice-oriented education in Bachelor’s and Master´s programmes in tourism in P.G. Demidov Yaroslavl State University. These requirements are set by the Federal State Educational Standard 3 and 3+ and are dictated by the real labor market. The practice-oriented approach is achieved through the applying of interactive training forms, involving of experts in tourism industry, organization of various kinds of practices associated with real activity, realization training trips and extracurricular students’ activities. An important factor of increasing the connection of the educational process with the actual needs of the tourism business is the formulation of final results in the form of specific professions. This approach allows organizing training modules in accordance with the tourist industry requirements. An important form of the formation of business thinking in students, who are studying tourism, is their work at workshops on the development of specific programs or objects by request the municipal or commercial establishments. In contrast to the bachelor degree course for master course at the Yaroslavl State University are formulated professional guidelines relating to the enterprise management in the tourism industry, territory management, as well as the development of territorial tourism and recreation complexes.

The high demand of the University graduates at the enterprises of the tourism industry proves the success of this approach in the educational field.
On the Issue of Financial Development of Science
Authors: Миславская  , Mislavskaya N.
Published: June 2016

Article is devoted to the verifi cation of scientifi c knowledge in relation to the Russian accounting system. Th e

author’s position is built on the basis of the classical approaches of philosophy of science; the fi ndings justify the need

to change the key methodological approaches and the high importance of accounting in terms of decision of competent

management decisions.
Real Options As the Means for Increasing the Efficiency of the Budgetary Costs in Health Care
Authors: Колмаков  , Kolmakov V. , Полякова  , Polyakova A.
Published: June 2016

Th e paper presents a solution for the task of preventing ineffi cient budget for capital costs that arise due to

underfunding of current projects (“compelled ineffi ciency”) using the real options methodology, thus facilitating the

growth of the whole budgeting process effi ciency due to preconditioning the decrease of preventive advances paid to

contractors.
Risk-Averse Shortest Path Interdiction
Authors: Song Yongjia , Shen Siqian
Published: June 2016

We consider a Stackelberg game in a network where a leader minimizes the cost of interdicting arcs and a follower seeks the shortest distance between given origin and destination nodes under uncertain arc traveling cost. In particular, we consider a risk-averse leader, who aims to keep high probability that the follower’s traveling distance is longer than a given threshold, interpreted by a chance constraint. Under the assumption of a wait-and-see follower—i.e., the follower selects a shortest path after seeing realizations of the random arc cost—we propose a branch-and-cut algorithm and apply lifting techniques to exploit the combinatorial structure of the risk-averse leader’s interdiction problem. We demonstrate the computational efficacy of our approaches, risk-averse interdiction solution patterns, and result sensitivity, by testing instances of randomly generated grid networks and real-world transportation networks.
What to do if you are worried a child or young person is at risk of sexual exploitation
Authors: Hayward Melanie
Published: June 2016

The ‘What to do if’ series aims to provide school nursing practitioners with practical safeguarding information on a variety of issues. This article focuses on sexual exploitation.
Improving awareness on the management and treatment of intestinal failure
Authors: Walsh Cathy
Published: June 2016

Management of intestinal failure (IF) is complex and challenging, requiring a multidisciplinary team approach. It was observed that there was an apparent lack of awareness among nursing and medical staff about the management of patients with IF admitted to a regional university hospital in the Republic of Ireland, despite the availability of a hospital-based guideline on IF. A lack of awareness is understandable, given the limited number of patients diagnosed with IF, and specialised centres are limited. The aim of this project was to explore awareness of IF among hospital staff, and to provide more information on its management and treatment. Developments that arose as a result of this project included an algorithm, an alert on medical records and a patient information leaflet.
Gastrointestinal issues in cystic fibrosis: a lifetime of disease
Authors: Peres Alan , Flynn Fiona , Meira Jorge , Dunk Rachel , Talbot Susan , Madge Susan
Published: June 2016

Cystic fibrosis (CF) is one of the most common inherited diseases in the UK, affecting 1:2500 live births. There are now more adults than children with CF in the UK, with a median survival of approximately 40 years. The pulmonary complications of CF are commonly understood and are the main cause of mortality; however, gastrointestinal (GI) complications are wide ranging and remain a primary cause of morbidity. Common GI complications include malabsorption and pancreatic insufficiency; however, less well known are problems such as inflammatory bowel disease and GI cancers. Managing lung disease has historically been the principal aim of care; however, with an increasingly older population GI complications must be addressed; the CF community urgently needs to engage with gastroenterologists who are willing to develop a special interest in this area.
Hepatorenal syndrome: a nurse's guide to identification, management and advocacy
Authors: Li Gloria , Grant Cristin
Published: June 2016

Hepatorenal syndrome (HRS) is a serious complication of end-stage liver disease (ESLD) that dramatically increases the patient's mortality risk while waiting for a liver transplant. HRS is the result of portal hypertension and splanchnic arterial vasodilation with subsequent intense renal vasoconstriction and hypoperfusion. The key to managing HRS while waiting for a liver transplant is to differentiate this diagnosis from other forms of acute kidney injury (AKI), such as prerenal azotaemia (PRA) and acute tubular necrosis (ATN). Although there has been previous research guiding physicians to manage HRS, there is a lack of published material to help guide liver-transplant (LT) nurses. The purpose of this evidence-based paper is to bridge this gap in the literature and provide a guide for LT nurses treating HRS through a detailed literature review exploring the aetiology, pathophysiology, diagnosis and management of HRS.
Short Communication: Chemical composition and antioxidant activity of essential oil from Salvia hypoleuca at different growth stages
Authors: HABIB KIAN-DEHKIAN , GITI BARZIN , ALI MAZOOJI
Published: June 2016

Abstract. Habib KD, Giti B, Mazooji Ali M. 2016. Chemical composition and antioxidant activity of essential oil from Salvia hypoleuca at different growth stages. Nusantara Bioscience 8: 145-149. The objective of this study was to investigate the chemical composition of essential oils extracted from Salvia hypoleuca aerial parts, wild type from Iran at various growth stages. Samples of the plant were taken during its vegetative, flowering and fruit stages. The different plant part samples were crushed and subjected separately to hydro-distillation. The obtained essential oil components were then analyzed by a combination of capillary GC and GC-MS. The DPPH method was used to evaluate antioxidant activity of the essential oils. Fifty-nine components were identified in essential oils. The major components of essential oils from the aerial parts were caryophyllene oxide (21.3-37.8%), the E-caryophyllene (13-18.1%), the bicyclogermacrene (6.7-13.1%), and germacrene D (3.8-10.3%). Antioxidant evaluations of the oils showed a moderate antioxidant activity with IC50 values of 32.6, 25.0, and 41.2 mg/mL of samples taken at the vegetative, flowering and fruit stages, respectively.
The Expanse of Archaeological Remains at Nalanda: A Study Using Remote Sensing and GIS
Authors: Rajani M. B.
Published: June 2016

Historical records suggest that Nalanda was a Buddhist monastery of considerable repute with immense physical dimensions, which remained in existence from the fourth/fifth century until at least the end of the twelfth. This study investigates the area around Nalanda for evidence of human activity at such spatiotemporal scales using satellite images. Among its finds are: the site is much larger than the property protected by the Archaeological Survey of India; there is evidence of additional temples and monasteries; and there are indications of a large archaeological structure under Begumpur that was either a part of the Nalanda complex or a separate entity.
Shifting Identities in Wu Bin's Album of the Twenty-five Dharma-gates of Perfect Wisdom
Authors: Lo Hui-Chi
Published: June 2016

Through a close reading of the śūramgama Sutra (Lengyanjing) and an iconographic study of the images, the author concludes that many of the current labels in Wu Bin's Hua lengyan ershiwu yuantong foxiang ce (Album of the twenty-five dharma-gates of perfect wisdom) are erroneous and proposes new identifications for these Buddhist sages. This paper modifies the well-accepted scholarly opinion that the album is a “free fabrication of absurdities” and shows that Wu Bin, a devoted jushi (Buddhist layman) of the late Ming dynasty, correctly visualized the methods of enlightenment as described in the sutra with his album.
Protéger le crédit de l ’État
Authors: Delalande Nicolas
Published: June 2016

Cet article s’intéresse à la création dans le droit français, en 1924, d’un nouveau délit destiné à poursuivre les « atteintes au crédit de l’État », une notion utilisée pour désigner les discours et les pratiques susceptibles de fragiliser la réputation financière de l’État, dans un contexte de crise budgétaire, d’instabilité monétaire et de fortes tensions politiques. Les autorités policières et judiciaires érigent alors le « crédit de l’État » en attribut de la souveraineté nationale, devant être protégé contre des menaces internes et externes. Une réflexion d’histoire intellectuelle sur les fondements du crédit public, ainsi que l’analyse des archives de la répression de ce nouveau délit, permettent de mesurer la difficulté des pouvoirs publics à délimiter ce qui ressort du libre jeu du marché et de la protection de l’ordre public. L’enquête conduit plus largement à souligner les aspects indissociablement matériels et immatériels qui fondent la confiance des individus dans les papiers – dette et monnaie – émis par l’État.
Faire la guerre et faire l ’État
Authors: Pincus Steve , Robinson James
Published: June 2016

Cet article propose une critique de la pertinence de la notion d’État fiscal-militaire, en se penchant plus particulièrement sur le cas exemplaire de la Grande-Bretagne qui consacra une part significativement moindre des revenus du gouvernement au domaine militaire que tout autre État européen. En outre, il met en lumière d’autres sources de dépenses civiles importantes, notamment l’investissement massif de l’État britannique dans le développement colonial, dont les travaux existants ne tiennent pas compte, de même que l’historiographie fiscale ignore de larges pans de l’activité étatique. Finalement, nous défendons la thèse que l’État britannique – ainsi que d’autres États modernes, de manière très probable – n’a pas été forgé par les guerres. La guerre n’a pas fait l’État britannique, et c’est pour cette raison qu’il fut peu enclin à s’engager dans des conflits armés.
Zombieland and the inversion of the subaltern Zombie
Authors: Christopher David
Published: June 2016

Who doesn’t love a good zombie splatter-fest? Appealing to commercial audiences and cultural theorists alike, the American zombie movie has been characterized as both a pariah of low art and a rich source of critical insight. In its earliest incarnations, along with much of the broader genre of horror film that preceded it, the zombie film was deemed unworthy of critical analysis. Pioneers such as George A. Romero, however, provided filmic fare that was imbued with political significance. As the zombie genre evolved and matured, it reflected increasingly sophisticated and radical interrogations against the hegemony of the patriarchal culture in which it was produced, carried through the metaphor of zombies who were subaltern in either their undead abjection or their disenfranchized social identities. Recently, however, Christopher Sharrett insisted that “[a]lthough the popularity of the zombie film today is enormous, its value as social/political commentary is not only almost totally gone, it has been transformed by neoconservative culture into its opposite.” This article seeks to elucidate the different interpretations of the somewhat nebulous term ‘subaltern’ and the way it has been co-opted by conservative factions through a thorough analysis of the 2009 reflexive zombie parody Zombieland.
Transatlantic genre hybridity in Danny Boyle’s 28 Days Later
Authors: Decker Lindsey
Published: June 2016

This article examines the relationship between genre hybridity and national genres in British director Danny Boyle’s financially successful and critically acclaimed horror film 28 Days Later (2002). The film narratively and visually cites American director George Romero’s original Dead trilogy (1968’s Night of the Living Dead, 1978’s Dawn of the Dead and 1985’s Day of the Dead), positioning itself within the zombie horror subgenre. However, much of the cinematography in 28 Days Later self-reflexively deploys cinematographic practices common in British documentary, realist film and heritage film. The film also responds to contemporary British cultural concerns, including animal activism, media effects and surveillance culture. Through its cinematography and relation to contemporary cultural issues, the film knowingly positions itself as part of British cinema. Through its generic hybridity and self-reflexivity, 28 Days Later engages with British film culture’s discursive construction of British cinema and its transatlantic relationship with the US film industry, often represented metonymically by Hollywood. This article argues that in doing so, the film produces a subtle critique of Americanization, positioning the film as part of the anti-Americanization discourse prevalent in British film culture, as well as attempting to frame the horror genre as a worthy element of British national cinema.