bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Population interconnectivity shapes the distribution and complexity of chimpanzee cumulative culture
Authors: Gunasekaram Cassandra , Battiston Federico , Padilla-Iglesias Cecilia , van Noordwijk Maria A. , Manica Andrea , Betranpetit Jaume , Whiten Andrew , van Schaik Carel P. , Vinicius Lucio , Migliano Andrea Bamberg
Published: August 2023

While cumulative culture is a hallmark of hominin evolution, its origins can be traced back to our common ancestor with chimpanzees. Here we investigate the evolutionary origins of chimpanzee cumulative culture, and why it remained incipient. To trace cultural transmission among the four chimpanzee subspecies, we compared between-population networks based on genetic markers of recent migration and shared cultural traits. We show that limited levels of interconnectivity favored the emergence of a few instances of cumulative culture in chimpanzees. As in humans, cultural complexification likely happened in steps, with between-community transmission promoting incremental changes and repurposing of technologies. We propose that divergence in social patterns led to increased between-group mobility inHomo, propelling our lineage towards a trajectory of irreversible dependence on cultural exchange and complexification.

One-Sentence Summary

Population interconnectivity through migration explains the origins of chimpanzee cumulative culture and why it remained incipient
1014F-kdrand G119Sace-1mutations conferring insecticide resistance detected in theCulex pipienscomplex in Morocco
Authors: Aboulfadl Souhail , Faraj Chafika , Rabeh Karim , Ameur Btissam , Belkadi Bouchra , Mellouki Fouad
Published: August 2023

Culex pipiensmosquitoes are competent vectors for several arboviruses worldwide. In Morocco, they specially transmit West Nile virus (VWN) and Rift Valley fever virus (VFVR) (Bkhache et al., 2018). The repeated treatment with chemical insecticides in areas highly exposed to the mosquitoes’ nuisance leads to the resistance development. The lack of data on resistance mechanisms in Morocco allow us to evaluate both of the levels of DDT resistance accompanied by the frequency of the mutated gene associated L1014Fkdr, and the levels of bendiocarb resistance accompanied by the frequency of the mutated gene associated G119Sace-1Rrespectively in both regions Benslimane and Mohammedia.

Methods

Mosquito larvae were collected from two different breeding sites: El Jazeera from Benslimane region and Ouled Hamimoun from Mohammedia region. Adults were reared from collected immature stages in the laboratory at 28 ± 1 °C with 80% relative humidity. Standard WHO insecticide susceptibility tests were conducted on adult females emerged from collected larvae. Specimens were identified asCulex pipiensfollowing morphological criteria under microscope using Culicidae of African Mediterranean software (Giner et al., 1999). Identified mosquitoes were then tested for the presence of the L1014Fkdrand G119Sace-1Rmutations using PCR assay.

Results

Our results showed that all the tested populations have a resistance to DDT 4% with a mortality rate ranging from 2% to 74%, and to bendiocarb 0.1% with a mortality rate ranging from 32% to 74%. In plus, 30 individuals from each region were screened for both mutations L1014Fkdrand G119Sace-1R. The molecular identification of survivor genes shows the presence of L1014Fkdrmutation in both region with different frequencies. The allelic frequency was low with 0.15% in Mohammedia region and complete absence of resistant homozygotes alleles 1014F/1014F in the same region, but average with 0.65% in Benslimane region. However, the G119Sace-1Rmutation was absent in both regions. These results are consistent with those published by Aboulfadl et al. (2020) on the same populations and who found that the resistance of Mohammedia populations is completely metabolic and based only on cytochrome P450 enzymes while that of Benslimane populations is partially metabolic.

Conclusion

The study highlights the implication of L1014Fkdrmutation in DDT resistance and G119Sace-1Rmutation in bendiocarb resistance inCx. pipienspopulations from two regions in Morocco.
Cellular Immunotherapy in Mice Prevents Maternal Hypertension and Restores Anti-Inflammatory Cytokine Balance in Maternal and Fetal Tissues
Authors: Gray Gabrielle , Scroggins Douglas G. , Wilson Katlin T. , Scroggins Sabrina M.
Published: August 2023

Preeclampsia is the leading cause of maternal-fetal morbidity world-wide.

The concept that persistent feto-placental intolerance is important in the pathogenesis of preeclampsia (PreE) has been demonstrated by our lab and others. Arginine vasopressin (AVP) infusion during pregnancy induces cardiovascular, renal, and T helper (Th) cell alterations in mice consistent with human PreE. In addition to their conventional immuno-stimulatory role, dendritic cells (DCs) also play a vital role in immune tolerance. In contrast to conventional DCs, regulatory DCs (DCregs) express low levels of co-stimulatory markers, produce anti-inflammatory cytokines, induce T regulatory (Treg) cells, and promote tolerance. In mice, DCregs prevent pro-inflammatory responses and induce antigen-specific tolerance. Given these known functions of DCregs, we hypothesize that DCregs will prevent the development of AVP-induced PreE in mice. C57BL/6J females were infused with AVP (24 ng/hour) or saline throughout gestation via osmotic minipump. Bone marrow derived DCregs were injected into AVP-infused dams at the time of pump implantation or on gestational day (GD) 7. Blood pressure was taken throughout pregnancy. Maternal urine protein and TH-associated cytokines in maternal and fetal tissues were measured on GD 18. Treatment with DCregs effectively prevented the elevation of maternal blood pressure, proteinuria, and fetal growth restriction that was observed in AVP-infused dams. Furthermore, we noted a reduction in pro-inflammatory TH-associated cytokines IFNγ and IL-17, while anti-inflammatory cytokines IL-4, IL-10, and TGFβ showed an increase following DCreg treatment. These outcomes provide strong evidence supporting the potential of DCregs as a valuable therapeutic approach in addressing PreE.
Prevalence of and gene regulatory constraints on transcriptional adaptation in single cells
Authors: Mellis Ian A. , Bodkin Nicholas , Melzer Madeline E. , Goyal Yogesh
Published: August 2023

Cells and tissues have a remarkable ability to adapt to genetic perturbations via a variety of molecular mechanisms. Nonsense-induced transcriptional compensation, a form of transcriptional adaptation, has recently emerged as one such mechanism, in which nonsense mutations in a gene can trigger upregulation of related genes, possibly conferring robustness at cellular and organismal levels. However, beyond a handful of developmental contexts and curated sets of genes, to date, no comprehensive genome-wide investigation of this behavior has been undertaken for mammalian cell types and contexts. Moreover, how the regulatory-level effects of inherently stochastic compensatory gene networks contribute to phenotypic penetrance in single cells remains unclear. Here we combine computational analysis of existing datasets with stochastic mathematical modeling and machine learning to uncover the widespread prevalence of transcriptional adaptation in mammalian systems and the diverse single-cell manifestations of minimal compensatory gene networks. Regulon gene expression analysis of a pooled single-cell genetic perturbation dataset recapitulates important model predictions. Our integrative approach uncovers several putative hits—genes demonstrating possible transcriptional adaptation—to follow up on experimentally, and provides a formal quantitative framework to test and refine models of transcriptional adaptation.
The predicted RNA-binding protein regulome of axonal mRNAs
Authors: Luisier Raphaëlle , Andreassi Catia , Fournier Lisa , Riccio Antonella
Published: August 2023

Neurons are morphologically complex cells that rely on the compartmentalization of protein expression to develop and maintain their cytoarchitecture. The targeting of RNA transcripts to axons is one of the mechanisms that allows rapid local translation of proteins in response to extracellular signals. 3′ Untranslated regions (UTRs) of mRNA are noncoding sequences that play a critical role in determining transcript localization and translation by interacting with specific RNA-binding proteins (RBPs). However, how 3′ UTRs contribute to mRNA metabolism and the nature of RBP complexes responsible for these functions remains elusive. We performed 3′ end sequencing of RNA isolated from cell bodies and axons of sympathetic neurons exposed to either nerve growth factor (NGF) or neurotrophin 3 (NTF3, also known as NT-3). NGF and NTF3 are growth factors essential for sympathetic neuron development through distinct signaling mechanisms. Whereas NTF3 acts mostly locally, NGF signal is retrogradely transported from axons to cell bodies. We discovered that both NGF and NTF3 affect transcription and alternative polyadenylation in the nucleus and induce the localization of specific 3′ UTR isoforms to axons, including short 3′ UTR isoforms found exclusively in axons. The integration of our data with CLIP sequencing data supports a model whereby long 3′ UTR isoforms associate with RBP complexes in the nucleus and, upon reaching the axons, are remodeled locally into shorter isoforms. Our findings shed new light into the complex relationship between nuclear polyadenylation, mRNA localization, and local 3′ UTR remodeling in developing neurons.
Multielectrode electrochemical cell for in situ structural characterization of amorphous thin-film catalysts using high-energy X-ray scattering
Authors: Kwon Gihan , Kisslinger Kim , Hwang Sooyeon , Wright Gwen , Layne Bobby , Zhong Hui , Pattammattel Ajith , Lynch Joshua , Kim Jungho , Hu Gongfang , Brudvig Gary W. , Lee Won-Il , Nam Chang-Yong
Published: August 2023

A multielectrode-based electrochemical cell allows the structural characterization of an amorphous thin-film water oxidation catalyst under various electrochemical potentials using high-energy X-ray scattering and atomic pair distribution function (PDF) techniques. A multielectrode with five electrodes provides a sufficiently low background signal to enable high-energy X-ray scattering (HEXS) measurements and amplifies the extremely low HEXS signals from samples for high-resolution PDF analysis of in situ data from thin-film catalysts. Glassy carbon (GC) creates a relatively low intensity HEXS pattern and is used as a working electrode. Instead of a three-dimensional (3D) porous electrode architecture, the flat geometry of the electrode enables various deposition techniques to be used for the preparation of a highly conductive metal oxide layer. PDF analysis demonstrates high spatial resolution for a 230 nm thick amorphous iridium oxide film deposited on two roughened 60 µm thick GC electrodes. The PDF analysis resolves the domain size and distinguishes changes in fine structure which are directly correlated with the structure and function of the catalysts. The results bring the opportunity to analyze the structure of nanometre-scale amorphous thin-film catalysts in an electrolyte-compatible and compact 3D-printed electrochemical cell in a three-electrode configuration.
High-resolution crystal structure of the Mu8.1 conotoxin from Conus mucronatus
Authors: Müller Emilie , Hackney Celeste Menuet , Ellgaard Lars , Morth Jens Preben
Published: August 2023

Marine cone snails produce a wealth of peptide toxins (conotoxins) that bind their molecular targets with high selectivity and potency. Therefore, conotoxins constitute valuable biomolecular tools with a variety of biomedical purposes. The Mu8.1 conotoxin from Conus mucronatus is the founding member of the newly identified saposin-like conotoxin class of conotoxins and has been shown to target Cav2.3, a voltage-gated calcium channel. Two crystal structures have recently been determined of Mu8.1 at 2.3 and 2.1 Å resolution. Here, a high-resolution crystal structure of Mu8.1 was determined at 1.67 Å resolution in the high-symmetry space group I4122. The asymmetric unit contained one molecule, with a symmetry-related molecule generating a dimer equivalent to that observed in the two previously determined structures. The high resolution allows a detailed atomic analysis of a water-filled cavity buried at the dimer interface, revealing a tightly coordinated network of waters that shield a lysine residue (Lys55) with a predicted unusually low side-chain pK
a value. These findings are discussed in terms of a potential functional role of Lys55 in target interaction.
Crystal structure and Hirshfeld surface analysis of 2-amino-5-{(1E)-1-[(carbamothioylamino)imino]ethyl}-4-methyl-1,3-thiazol-3-ium chloride monohydrate
Authors: Huseynov Elnur Z. , Akkurt Mehmet , Brito Ivan , Bhattarai Ajaya , Naghiyev Farid N. , Asadov Khammed A. , Maharramov Abel M.
Published: August 2023

In the hydrated title salt, C7H12N5S2
+·Cl−·H2O, the asymmetric unit comprises one 2-amino-5-{(1E)-1-[(carbamothioylamino)imino]ethyl}-4-methyl-1,3-thiazol-3-ium cation, one chloride anion and one water molecule of crystallization. The cation is nearly flat (r.m.s. deviation of non-H atoms is 0.0814 Å), with the largest deviation of 0.1484 (14) Å observed for one of the methyl C atoms. In the crystal, the cations are linked by O—H...Cl, N—H...Cl, N—H...O, N—H...S and C—H...S hydrogen bonds, forming a tri-periodic network. The most important contributions to the crystal packing are from H...H (35.4%), S...H/H...S (24.4%), N...H/H...N (8.7%), Cl...H/H...Cl (8.2%) and C...H/H...C (7.7%) interactions.
What affects organic farming adoption in emerging economies? A missing link in the Indian agriculture sector
Authors: Kumar Jitender , Rana Sudhir , Rani Vinki , Ahuja Anjali
Published: August 2023

Purpose

This article intends to explore critical factors that affect the adoption of organic farming in emerging economies. The authors respond to the calls from policymakers, non-government organizations, business firms and scholars to improve the farmers' awareness of the negative impact of synthetic chemical pesticides, phosphorus, potassium fertilizers and mineral nitrogen used in traditional farming.

Design/methodology/approach

Through self-administered survey questionnaires, responses were obtained from 397 farmers (conventional) regarding organic farming adoption in Haryana (India). The survey responses were collected between October 2022 and December 2022. The authors apply the “partial least squares structural equation modeling” (PLS-SEM) to test the framed hypotheses.

Findings

The present article demonstrates six critical determinants of organic farming adoption, i.e. behavioral, cultivation, economic, governmental, marketing, and social factors. These six factors drive 71.0% (R2) variation in organic farming adoption. Governmental factors have a positive but insignificant influence on organic farming adoption. Interestingly, the impact of behavioral and cultivation factors is crucial per path coefficient values.

Originality/value

For the first time, the authors conducted a study on organic farming adoption in Haryana that lies in its context-specific implementation, utilization of localized knowledge and expertise, regional policy support, agricultural diversification and community participation. Future research can build upon by adding agriculture scientists to the study to respond to the cost, quality of the crop and impact of socio-economic policies as moderators/mediators on adoption decisions.
On the connection between clean energy stocks and African stock markets: does uncertainty due to infectious diseases matter?
Authors: Fasanya Ismail , Oyewole Oluwatomisin
Published: August 2023

Purpose

As financial markets for environmentally friendly investment grow in both scope and size, analyzing the relationship between green financial markets and African stocks becomes an important issue. Therefore, this paper examines the role of infectious disease-based uncertainty on the dynamic spillovers between African stock markets and clean energy stocks.

Design/methodology/approach

The authors employ the dynamic spillover in time and frequency domains and the nonparametric causality-in-quantiles approach over the period of November 30, 2010, to August 18, 2021.

Findings

These findings are discernible in this study's analysis. First, the authors find evidence of strong connectedness between the African stock markets and the clean energy market, and long-lived but weak in the short and medium investment horizons. Second, the BDS test shows that nonlinearity is crucial when examining the role of infectious disease-based equity market volatility in affecting the interactions between clean energy stocks and African stock markets. Third, the causal analysis provides evidence in support of a nonlinear causal relationship between uncertainties due to infectious diseases and the connection between both markets, mostly at lower and median quantiles.

Originality/value

Considering the global and recent use of clean energy equities and the stock markets for hedging and speculative purposes, one may argue that rising uncertainties may significantly influence risk transmissions across these markets. This study, therefore, is the first to examine the role of pandemic uncertainty on the connection between clean stocks and the African stock markets.
Employee ownership in the UK
Authors: Pendleton Andrew , Robinson Andrew , Nuttall Graeme
Published: August 2023

Purpose

The paper traces the development of employee ownership in the UK since the 1980s. It proposes that employee ownership is a function of macro-level contexts and micro-level decisions, with the latter framed and guided by the former. The macro context comprises the regulatory framework and the provision of incentives to adopt employee ownership. The paper shows how the evolution of these has led to a steep increase in employee ownership in the last eight years.

Design/methodology/approach

The paper draws on several sources of empirical data to chart the development of employee ownership in the UK since the 1980s and to identify the current features of employee ownership. Two firm-level surveys conducted in 2015 and 2020/21 are supplemented by qualitative case study data collected in the early 1990s. An annual census of all employee-owned firms facilitates a comprehensive overview of the current state of UK employee ownership.

Findings

It is found that there has been a steep increase in the number of UK employee-owned firms since 2014 after several decades of uneven growth. This is attributed to the introduction of new incentives and to refinements of the regulatory framework. Over the period, there has been a shift from hybrid employee ownership, combining direct and indirect forms, to indirect ownership associated with the employee ownership trust model.

Originality/value

The paper provides an original history of employee ownership in the UK using rich and unique data, along with the most comprehensive picture of current employee ownership to date.
Between positionality and nudging: A rising China and Chinese voluntary associations in Southeast Asia
Authors: Liu Hong , Ren Na
Published: August 2023

Drawing upon cases studies from Southeast Asia, especially Singapore and Malaysia, this article addresses the following questions pertaining to the rise of China and its impact upon Chinese voluntary associations (CVAs) in the region over the past two decades. By employing theoretical insights of positionality, nudging and de‐territorialisation and by focusing on various strategies pursued respectively by CVAs and the state, we conclude: (i) the growing economic ties between China and Southeast Asia serve as the platform through which the reconstruction of the CVAs take place; (ii) the reconstitution of the CVAs has been significantly driven by their own initiatives to compete in a new economy, in which knowledge of and connection with a rising China as an expanding market and a culture has advantages; (iii) the states in both China and Southeast Asia have played a part in the reconfiguration of the CVAs, motivated by their respective political and economic agendas; and (iv) it is imperative to go beyond the conventional approaches in understanding CVAs (internal structure and external connections) that have dominated much of the existing literature; and we argue that it is in the interactions and intersections between the internal dynamics and external political economy that a new type of CVAs has emerged.
Refractory otitis media and otitis externa in a koala (Phascolarctos cinereus) treated with total ear canal ablation and lateral bulla osteotomy
Authors: Swaffield MJ , Liberts M , Gillett AK , Moses PA
Published: August 2023

Background

To the authors' knowledge, this is the first report fully describing the surgical and medical management of otitis media and otitis externa in the koala (Phascolarctos cinereus) treated by total ear canal ablation and lateral bulla osteotomy.

Case Report

An adult male koala captured as part of a monitoring project in South East Queensland was diagnosed with chlamydial cystitis. Purulent discharge from the right ear was also observed; diagnostic imaging was consistent with otitis media and otitis externa. Yokenella regensburgei was repeatedly cultured from the site. Clinical signs resolved with topical antibiotic therapy; however, recrudesced following cessation of antibiotics. A total ear canal ablation and lateral bulla osteotomy was performed, followed by an extended period of systemic antibiotic therapy. Mild facial nerve paresis was observed for 4 weeks postoperatively and resolved spontaneously. The koala remained clinically healthy for the 6 months it was monitored following release.

Conclusion

Total ear canal ablation combined with lateral bulla osteotomy appears to be an appropriate surgical intervention for otitis media combined with otitis externa refractory to medical management in the koala. Transient postoperative facial nerve paresis is a possible complication, as documented in other species. To the authors' knowledge this is the first case of Yokenella regensburgei infection outside of humans and American alligators (Alligator mississippiensis); the clinical significance of this pathogen in the koala remains unknown.
Outcomes of patients with light chain (AL) amyloidosis after failure of daratumumab‐based therapy
Authors: Theodorakakou Foteini , Fotiou Despina , Spiliopoulou Vasiliki , Roussou Maria , Malandrakis Panagiotis , Ntanasis‐Stathopoulos Ioannis , Migkou Magdalini , Eleutherakis‐Papaiakovou Evangelos , Kanellias Nikolaos , Papanikolaou Asimina , Gavriatopoulou Maria , Terpos Evangelos , Dimopoulos Meletios A. , Kastritis Efstathios
Published: August 2023

As daratumumab use in AL amyloidosis increases, more patients will either relapse after or become refractory to daratumumab. We present the outcome of 33 patients with AL who failed on daratumumab (due to haematological relapse in 21 [64%] patients and inadequate haematological response in 12 [36%]) and received further treatment. Overall response rate in the post‐daratumumab failure treatment was 55% (CR/VGPR: 14 [42%] and PR: 3 [9%] patients). Patients retreated with daratumumab and patients harbouring +1q21 had lower rates of response. Treatment of patients with AL who fail daratumumab therapy is feasible when non‐cross‐resistant drugs or other targeted therapies are available.
Venous thromboembolism in multiple myeloma: Increasing evidence in support of direct oral anticoagulants
Authors: Swan D. , Comerford C. , Quinn J.
Published: August 2023

Venous thromboembolism (VTE) continues to cause significant morbidity and excess mortality in patients with multiple myeloma. The report by Costa and colleagues demonstrates superiority of direct oral anticoagulants over aspirin in terms of VTE prevention, without increased bleeding complications seen.

Commentary on: Costa et al. Direct oral anticoagulants versus aspirin for primary thromboprophylaxis in patients with multiple myeloma undergoing outpatient therapy: A systematic review and updated meta‐analysis. Br J Haematol 2023;203:395–403.
Low risk of embryonic and other cancers in PIK3CA‐related overgrowth spectrum: Impact on screening recommendations
Authors: Faivre Laurence , Crépin Jean‐Charles , Réda Manon , Nambot Sophie , Carmignac Virginie , Abadie Caroline , Mirault Tristan , Faure‐Conter Cécile , Mazereeuw‐Hautier Juliette , Maza Aude , Puzenat Eve , Collonge‐Rame Marie‐Agnès , Bursztejn Anne‐Claire , Philippe Christophe , Thauvin‐Robinet Christel , Chevarin Martin , Abasq‐Thomas Claire , Amiel Jeanne , Arpin Stéphanie , Barbarot Sébastien , Baujat Geneviève , Bessis Didier , Bourrat Emmanuelle , Boute Odile , Chassaing Nicolas , Coubes Christine , Demeer Bénédicte , Edery Patrick , El Chehadeh Salima , Goldenberg Alice , Hadj‐Rabia Smail , Haye Damien , Isidor Bertrand , Jacquemont Marie‐Line , Van Kien Philippe Khau , Lacombe Didier , Lehalle Daphné , Lambert Laetitia , Martin Ludovic , Maruani Annabel , Morice‐Picard Fanny , Petit Florence , Phan Alice , Pinson Lucile , Rossi Massimiliano , Touraine Renaud , Vanlerberghe Clémence , Vincent Marie , Vincent‐Delorme Catherine , Whalen Sandra , Willems Marjolaine , Marle Nathalie , Verkarre Virginie , Devalland Christine , Devouassoux‐Shisheboran Mojgan , Abad Marine , Rioux‐Leclercq Nathalie , Bonniaud Bertille , Duffourd Yannis , Martel Jehanne , Binquet Christine , Kuentz Paul , Vabres Pierre
Published: August 2023

The PIK3CA‐related overgrowth spectrum (PROS) encompasses various conditions caused by mosaic activating PIK3CA variants. PIK3CA somatic variants are also involved in various cancer types. Some generalized overgrowth syndromes are associated with an increased risk of Wilms tumor (WT). In PROS, abdominal ultrasound surveillance has been advocated to detect WT. We aimed to determine the risk of embryonic and other types of tumors in patients with PROS in order to evaluate surveillance relevance. We searched the clinical charts from 267 PROS patients for the diagnosis of cancer, and reviewed the medical literature for the risk of cancer. In our cohort, six patients developed a cancer (2.2%), and Kaplan Meier analyses estimated cumulative probabilities of cancer occurrence at 45 years of age was 5.6% (95% CI = 1.35%–21.8%). The presence of the PIK3CA variant was only confirmed in two out of four tumor samples. In the literature and our cohort, six cases of Wilms tumor/nephrogenic rests (0.12%) and four cases of other cancers have been reported out of 483 proven PIK3CA patients, in particular the p.(His1047Leu/Arg) variant. The risk of WT in PROS being lower than 5%, this is insufficient evidence to recommend routine abdominal imaging. Long‐term follow‐up studies are needed to evaluate the risk of other cancer types, as well as the relationship with the extent of tissue mosaicism and the presence or not of the variant in the tumor samples.
A systematic review of psychological interventions in adults with pulmonary hypertension: Is the evidence‐base disproportionate to the problem?
Authors: Rawlings Gregg H. , Novakova Barbora , Armstrong Iain , Thompson Andrew R.
Published: August 2023

Introduction

Our understanding of the psychological impact of living with pulmonary hypertension (PH) is growing, particularly for how anxiety and depression present in this group. There is evidence for the use of psychological interventions in other chronic lung conditions; however, trials focusing on adults with PH have yet to be subject to a systematic review.

Methods

We systematically searched four databases for evidence examining the effectiveness of psychological interventions for adults with PH. A narrative approach has been used to present findings.

Results

Overall, 186 unique articles were identified of which four were suitable. Data was gathered from 143 individuals. Cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT), metacognitive therapy (MCT) or counselling were investigated. All three studies reported a significant reduction in anxiety and depression, and some secondary outcomes were also associated with change.

Discussion

The evidence supporting the use of psychological therapies for adults with PH is promising, although limited. There is an urgent need for more research in this area to better understand how we can support this clinical group.
Alcohol‐related sexual harassment in the workplace: A between and within industry analysis
Authors: Lund Ingeborg , Moan Inger Synnøve , Halkjelsvik Torleif
Published: August 2023

Introduction

Sexual harassment as a political/legal issue was revitalised by the #MeToo movement in 2017. We estimate the prevalence and development of alcohol‐related sexual harassment (ASH) across industries over the years 2015 to 2021, including potential changes from 2017, and assess differences in the risk of ASH according to industry‐ and individual‐level characteristics.

Methods

Based on annual surveys (2015–2021) among employees in 21 Norwegian industries (observations N = 11,512, individuals N = 6353). Age range 20–69 years, 48% women. Associations between ASH and industry‐ and individual‐level demographics, work autonomy, work‐related drinking and intoxication were estimated in linear probability models

Results

ASH prevalence was 6% between 2015 and 2021 and varied between 4% and 13% across industries. Men showed a gradual increase in ASH from 2015 to 2021. The was no significant trend among women or a change after #MeToo. Industries with older employees, more women and frequent intoxication at work‐related occasions had more ASH, while those with more highly educated employees had less. At the individual level, frequent work‐related drinking occasions, tendency to get intoxicated at these occasions, being a woman and younger age were associated with more ASH. We found no individual‐ or industry‐level association between work autonomy and ASH.

Discussion and Conclusions

Annually, 6% of Norwegian employees experience alcohol‐related sexual harassment in work‐related settings. The risk of ASH is higher among employees who are young, female, frequently drink and drink to intoxication at work‐related events, and that work in industries with older employees, more women, less formal education and frequent intoxication.
Efficacy of anti‐CD3 monoclonal antibodies in delaying the progression of recent‐onset type 1 diabetes mellitus: A systematic review, meta‐analyses and meta‐regression
Authors: Ashraf Muhammad Talal , Ahmed Rizvi Syed Hassan , Kashif Muhammad Arham Bin , Shakeel Khan Muhammad Khuzzaim , Ahmed Syed Hassan , Asghar Muhammad Sohaib
Published: August 2023

Aim

Type 1 diabetes mellitus is widely recognized as a chronic autoimmune disease characterized by the pathogenic destruction of beta cells, resulting in the loss of endogenous insulin production. Insulin administration remains the primary therapy for symptomatic treatment. Recent studies showed that disease‐modifying agents, such as anti‐CD3 monoclonal antibodies, have shown promising outcomes in improving the management of the disease. In late 2022, teplizumab received approval from the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) as the first disease‐modifying agent for the treatment of type 1 diabetes. This review aims to evaluate the clinical evidence regarding the efficacy of anti‐CD3 monoclonal antibodies in the prevention and treatment of type 1 diabetes.

Methods

A comprehensive search of PubMed, Google Scholar, Scopus and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) was conducted up to December 2022 to identify relevant randomized controlled trials. Meta‐analysis was performed using a random‐effects model, and odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated to quantify the effects. The Cochrane risk of bias tool was employed for quality assessment.

Results

In total, 11 randomized controlled trials involving 1397 participants (908 participants in the intervention arm, 489 participants in the control arm) were included in this review. The mean age of participants was 15 years, and the mean follow‐up time was 2.04 years. Teplizumab was the most commonly studied intervention. Compared with placebo, anti‐CD3 monoclonal antibody treatment significantly increased the C‐peptide concentration in the area under the curve at shorter timeframes (mean difference = 0.114, 95% CI: 0.069 to 0.159, p = .000). Furthermore, anti‐CD3 monoclonal antibodies significantly reduced the patients' insulin intake across all timeframes (mean difference = −0.123, 95% CI: −0.151 to −0.094, p < .001). However, no significant effect on glycated haemoglobin concentration was observed.

Conclusion

The findings of this review suggest that anti‐CD3 monoclonal antibody treatment increases endogenous insulin production and improves the lifestyle of patients by reducing insulin dosage. Future studies should consider the limitations, including sample size, heterogeneity and duration of follow‐up, to validate the generalizability of these findings further.
A 1‐year pilot study of intralymphatic injections of GAD‐alum in individuals with latent autoimmune diabetes in adults (LADA) with signs of high immunity: No safety concerns and resemblance to juvenile type 1 diabetes
Authors: Hals Ingrid K. , Balasuriya Chandima , Casas Rosaura , Ludvigsson Johnny , Björklund Anneli , Grill Valdemar
Published: August 2023

Aims

To test, for the first time in latent autoimmune diabetes in adults (LADA), the effects of autoantigen‐specific immunotherapy by intralymphatic administration of aluminium‐formulated recombinant human glutamic acid decarboxylase 65 (GAD‐alum); specifically, to test if this treatment is safe, to test whether it induces a strong immunological response akin to a similar protocol in type 1 diabetes and to look for associations with preserved beta‐cell function.

Materials and Methods

Three GAD‐alum injections, 4 μg each, were administered 1 month apart into an inguinal lymph node in 14 people with newly diagnosed LADA (age 30‐62 years) presenting with high levels of antibodies against glutamic acid decarboxylase (GADA). Adverse effects, immunological variables and beta‐cell function were monitored, with detailed measurements at 5 and 12 months from baseline.

Results

Clinical adverse effects were minor and transient and measured laboratory variables were unaffected. All participants completed the study. Treatment raised levels of GADA, elicited strong effects on reactivity of peripheral blood mononuclear cells to GAD and raised cytokine/chemokine levels. Beta‐cell function appeared stable preferentially in the seven participants carrying human leukocyte antigen (HLA) haplotypes DR3DQ2, as assessed by C‐peptide glucagon tests (P < 0.05 vs. seven non‐carriers).

Conclusion

Intralymphatic treatment with GAD‐alum in LADA is without clinical or other safety concerns over a 12‐month period. As in a similar protocol used in type 1 diabetes, treatment exerts a strong immunological impact and is compatible with protection of beta‐cell function preferentially in HLA‐DR3DQ2 LADA patients. These findings pave the way for a randomized controlled trial in this important subgroup of LADA patients.
The quadrangular shape of the geometry of digital power(s) and the move towards a procedural digital constitutionalism
Authors: Pollicino Oreste
Published: August 2023

The paper explores the evolution of private powers in the digital landscape, developing a quadrangular systematisation of such a phenomenon based on four main aspects: space, values, (private) actors, and (digital) constitutional remedies. Taking a trans‐Atlantic approach, the paper shows how these categories, typical of constitutionalism, apply to the context of the Internet and of new digital technologies both in the United States and in Europe. On the one hand, the United States has up to now maintained the supremacy of the notorious Section 230 of the Communications Decency Act. On the other hand, European legislation has undergone a significant change, moving from a phase of digital liberalism, of which the 2000 E‐Commerce Directive is the emblem, towards a new era of digital constitutionalism, passing through the age of judicial activism of European courts. In this sense, Europe has increasingly attempted to introduce limits to private (digital) powers, with a view to better protect and enforce (also horizontally) users' fundamental rights. Additionally, the evolution of digital constitutionalism, from a vertical‐sectoral approach to a horizontal and procedure‐based one, significantly showcased by the recent Digital Services Package, is underscored, signalling the recent movement of the EU into its second phase of digital constitutionalism. In this respect, the paper argues that the great benefit of stressing the procedural dimension, which may be defined as a European application of “due (data) process” to the relationship between individuals and private powers, is that it is potentially able to help consolidate a (necessary) trans‐Atlantic bridge.
Utilization of copper slag in the fabrication of silica refractory: Characteristics and performance evaluation
Authors: Lv Zihao , Gu Huazhi , Zhang Meijie , Yang Shuang , Fu Lvping , Huang Ao
Published: August 2023

It is urgently necessary for environmental resource utilization of copper slag with incremental quantities of stacked copper slag. In this paper, copper slag has been used as mineralizer and raw material to prepare silica refractory. The effect of copper slag on phase composition, microstructure, mechanical, and load deformation performance has been investigated. The results indicate that the components of copper slag as mineralizer promote the formation of tridymite. Simultaneously, copper slag promotes the densification of silica refractory and glass phase increases due to the mineralizer and impurities in copper slag. The increased glass phase promotes the cold crushing strength and cold modulus of rupture for silica refractory, while the hot modulus of rupture slightly decreases by 1.5 MPa for 6 wt% copper slag. In addition, the load softening temperature and high‐temperature creep attains 1632.6°C and ‐5.5%, respectively. It is estimated that the potential application of silica refractory with copper slag on upper part of copper stove (low‐temperature and low‐load region) is acceptable in consideration of environmental utilization of solid waste.
Instant decompression‐induced swell drying of banana: Machine learning and swarm intelligence embedded modeling and process optimization
Authors: Trivedi Dipika , Gautam Swapnil Prashant , Abdul Sayyad , Hazarika Manuj Kumar , Chakraborty Sourav
Published: August 2023

A novel approach of instant decompression‐induced swell drying also known as instant controlled pressure drop‐hot air dried (ICPD‐HAD) process was applied for the process performance and quality enhancement of dried banana slices. Using a hybrid approach of particle swarm embedded methodology, the process parameters treatment pressure (TP), treatment time (TT), and duration of decompressed State (DDS) were optimized for various responses including drying time (DT), browning index (BI), rehydration ratio (RR), and total antioxidant activity (TAA). The optimized process conditions were found to be 0.1 MPa of TP, 25 s of TT, and 12 s of DDS for a minimum DT of 225 min and, maximum BI, RR, and TAA, of 6.20%, 3.40%, and 98.78% respectively. The results also demonstrated that the dried banana samples produced by the ICPD‐HAD method exhibited superior quality in terms of minimal DT and BI and maximum TAA and RR compared to those produced by the vacuum and hot air drying techniques. Microstructural investigation demonstrating the superiority of ICPD‐induced samples provided additional evidence for the minimum DT requirement. Furthermore, the use of an artificial neural network was employed to investigate the drying kinetics of the novel instant decompression‐induced swell drying process. With R2 greater than 0.99 and a minimum mean square error (MSE) of 0.000131, the 2‐4‐1 artificial neural network (ANN) architecture performed admirably as a means of optimal simulation and robust control of the drying process.

Practical applications

Instant decompression‐induced swell drying also known as ICPD‐HAD process is a novel approach for the drying of banana sample with enhanced process performance and quality attires. It is common for banana drying to cause loss of total antioxidant activity and other important functional properties like color and texture. This issue can be solved and process performance can be enhanced with less energy use by employing an innovative swell drying technique triggered by instant decompression. Therefore, the dried banana samples made using this cutting‐edge technique will be advantageous from a health point of view. This method can be used by the food manufacturing sector to produce dried bananas of a higher quality and greater consumer acceptance.
A new strategy to design novel modified atmosphere packaging formulation maintains the qualities of postharvest strawberries (Fragaria ananassa) during low‐temperature storage
Authors: Cheng Yu‐Tsung , Huang Ping‐Hsiu , Chan Yung‐Jia , Chen Shu‐Ju , Lu Wen‐Chien , Li Po‐Hsien
Published: August 2023

For fresh foods, the purpose and benefits of modified atmosphere packaging (MAP) generally include the preservation of antioxidants, the extension of shelf life, deferral of microbial spoilage, and retention of product color. Commercial MAP products frequently involve a mixture of nitrogen, oxygen, and carbon dioxide, affecting consumer acceptability, cost‐effectiveness, and hygienic food safety issues. This study investigated a novel active MAP formulation for strawberries in retail packaging which ensures changes in quality‐related physicochemical characteristics [including hardness, moisture, vitamin C, total soluble solids (TSS), titratable acid, and appearance] during low‐temperature storage, whereas samples of different storage times were assessed for shelf life by sensory evaluation. The innovative active MAP formulation of 0.8 g of sodium ascorbate, 2.6 g of sodium carbonate, and 1.6 g of ferrous sulfate achieved atmosphere equilibrium in packaged strawberries in <48 h, compared to 5–6 days in the control group. Strawberries treated with active MAP maintained their moisture, firmness, vitamin C, TSS, and titratable acid contents better than the control group (p < 0.05). The strawberries showed softening and waterlogging of tissue and 50% moldiness by the 14th day, while the control group lost commercial value by the 8th. New applications of similar commodities in food are unavailable based on current knowledge. Therefore, the scope of fresh food applications covered in this study and the refinement of other functions will be helpful directions for future research.
Shallow depth extent of the Lesutoskraal granophyre dike in the Vredefort impact structure: Geophysical surveys and trenching data
Authors: Fourie F. D. , Huber M. S. , Kovaleva E. , Clark M. D.
Published: August 2023

Recent observations and geophysical studies at the Vredefort impact structure have indicated that the impact melt dikes in the central uplift of the structure have small depth extents. In this study, we performed magnetic and electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) surveys of the Lesutoskraal granophyre dike (LGD) and trenched to confirm its depth extent. The ERT survey showed that outcrops of the LGD are associated with shallow resistive zones with <3 m depth extent, but such zones do not occur where outcrops are absent. Visual observations in the trench confirmed that the dike has a small depth extent (~0.75 m) at this location. However, the magnetic survey revealed anomalies along the entire strike of the dike, even where no outcrops occur. We suggest that remagnetization of the host rock within a metamorphic contact aureole could explain the presence of magnetic anomalies in the absence of outcrops. Considering the results of the ERT survey, the observations made in the trench, and the surface distribution of outcrops of the LGD, we confirm that this dike has a small depth extent (<3 m) along its entire length and propose that outcrops represent the intersection of the dike terminus with the current erosional surface.
Embracing emotional disparities between simulation and real‐life practice
Authors: Tremblay Marie‐Laurence
Published: August 2023

This commentary addresses key aspects of the impact of emotions in simulation‐based training and disparities from real‐life. By exploring cognitive load and its influence on emotions, it sheds light on the intricacies of simulation and their implications.
Modeling and validation of impact forces for back‐calculation of pavement surface moduli
Authors: Zhao Mohan , Liu Yu , Wang Hainian , Xu Xinnan , Xu Shaojie
Published: August 2023

When an impact load is sufficiently small, its influence on the pavement structure is mainly from the surface layer material. To explore the influence depth of an impact load and back‐calculation of the pavement surface modulus, both numerical calculation and experimental testing were conducted, and the results are presented in this paper. The numerical calculation was performed through a DEM‐FDM‐coupled model. After a new modulus back‐calculation algorithm is formed by analyzing the numerical modeling results, experimental tests were also conducted for verification, and the results were analyzed. The max value of the falling weight impact force was closely related to the elastic modulus of the material, and the influence depth was controllable. Finally, it is proved that the method can be used to calculate the surface layer modulus and estimate the surface layer thickness.
Bibliometric Insights in Advances of Chordoma: Global Trends and Research Development in the Last Decade
Authors: Xiao Yu , Yu Wenlong , Zheng Jianhu , Cheng Lin , Ding Xing , Qiao Liang , Wu Xuequn , Ma Junming
Published: August 2023

Chordoma is a rare tumor, but has a serious effect on the quality of life of patients. This study aims to assess the overall knowledge structure and trends in the development of chordoma research using a bibliometric analysis and visualization tool. Research datasets were acquired from the Web of Science. VOS viewer and CiteSpace visualization software were used to demonstrate collaborations and correlations. Annual trends in publications, distribution, H‐index status, co‐authorship status, and research hotspots were analyzed. A total of 1844 publications from 2012 to 2022 were included. The number of chordoma‐related publications increased year by year. The United States contributed the most publications (717) and had the highest total citations (10130) and H‐index (50), followed by China. The United States was also the country most frequently involved in international cooperation. The most productive organization involved in chordoma research was Massachusetts General Hospital. World Neurosurgery (114) published the most papers on chordoma. Hornicek FJ was the most productive author over the last decade (41). Initially, diagnosis and the location of onset captured the attention of the research society. Quality of life, risk factors, disability, minimally invasive surgical techniques, molecular targeted therapy, and radiotherapy technology are the research hotspots in recent years. Indeed, this study provides important insights into the overall landscape of chordoma research and also contributes to the further investigation of the international frontier of chordoma.