bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Coaxial Triboelectric Fiber Sensor for Human Motion Recognition and Rehabilitation via Machine Learning
Authors: Ding Qicheng , Rasheed Aamir , Zhang Haonan , Ajmal Sara , Dastgeer Ghulam , Saidov Kamoladdin , Ruzimuradov Olim , Mamatkulov Shavkat , He Wen , Wang Peihong
Published: December 2024

This work presents the fabrication of a coaxial fiber triboelectric sensor (CFTES) designed for efficient energy harvesting and gesture detection in wearable electronics. The CFTES was fabricated using a facile one-step wet-spinning approach, with PVDF-HFP/CNTs/Carbon black as the conductive electrode and PVDF-HFP/MoS2 as the triboelectric layer. The incorporation of 1T phase MoS2 into the PVDF-HFP matrix significantly improves the sensor’s output owing to its electron capture capabilities. The sensor’s performance was carefully optimized by varying the weight percentage of MoS2, the thickness of the fiber core, and the CNT ratio. The optimized CFTES, with a core thickness of 156 µm and 0.6 wt% MoS2, achieved a stable output voltage of ~8.2 V at a frequency of 4 Hz and 10 N applied force, exhibiting remarkable robustness over 3600 s. Furthermore, the CFTES effectively detects human finger gestures, with machine learning algorithms further enhancing its accuracy. This innovative sensor offers a sustainable solution for energy transformation and has promising applications in smart portable power sources and wearable electronic devices.
Harmonization for Parkinson’s Disease Multi-Dataset T1 MRI Morphometry Classification
Authors: Saqib Mohammed , Horovitz Silvina G.
Published: December 2024

Classification of disease and healthy volunteer cohorts provides a useful clinical alternative to traditional group statistics due to individualized, personalized predictions. Classifiers for neurodegenerative disease can be trained on structural MRI morphometry, but require large multi-scanner datasets, introducing confounding batch effects. We test ComBat, a common harmonization model, in an example application to classify subjects with Parkinson’s disease from healthy volunteers and identify common pitfalls, including data leakage. We used a multi-dataset cohort of 372 subjects (216 with Parkinson’s disease, 156 healthy volunteers) from 11 identified scanners. We extracted both FreeSurfer and the determinant of Jacobian morphometry to compare single-scanner and multi-scanner classification pipelines. We confirm the presence of batch effects by running single scanner classifiers which could achieve wildly divergent AUCs on scanner-specific datasets (mean:0.651 ± 0.144). Multi-scanner classifiers that considered neurobiological batch effects between sites could easily achieve a test AUC of 0.902, though pipelines that prevented data leakage could only achieve a test AUC of 0.550. We conclude that batch effects remain a major issue for classification problems, such that even impressive single-scanner classifiers are unlikely to generalize to multiple scanners, and that solving for batch effects in a classifier problem must avoid circularity and reporting overly optimistic results.
Evaluation of the Efficacy of the Addition of a Combination of Pyrimidine Nucleotides and Vitamin B1 and B12 to Standard Treatment in the Management of Painful Radiculopathy and in the Quality of Life of Patients
Authors: Monfort Jordi , Carrión-Barberà Irene , Tío Laura , Marante Javier , López Vázquez Alicia , Bas Teresa , Fernandez-Fuente-Burson Lola , Caracuel Miguel A. , Oliveros-Cid Antonio , Gallart Virginia , Romera-López Cintia , Román José A. , Abejón David , Roca Ruíz Luis Javier , Gurt Alba , Ojeda Fabiola , Grima Pedro , Aldonza Rebeca
Published: December 2024

Background/Objectives: Radiculopathy leads to pain, consequently reducing patient’s quality of life (QoL). Research indicates that certain nucleotides, such as cytidine and uridine, along with vitamins B1 and B12, may help alleviate pain and enhance QoL. This study assessed the impact of adding a supplement containing cytidine and uridine nucleotides and vitamins B1 and B12, alongside standard treatment, on radiculopathy-associated pain. Methods: A multicenter, prospective, two-cohort, randomized, open-label study was conducted. The control group received standard treatment, while the experimental group received standard treatment plus the supplement. The primary endpoint was pain reduction measured by a Visual Analog Scale (VAS). Secondary endpoints included functional improvement (Roland Morris questionnaire), clinical improvement (Clinical Global Impression [CGI] scale), and QoL improvement (EQ-5D-5L questionnaire). Results: A total of 122 patients were included from 17 centers across Spain. Both groups showed pain improvement, but the VAS reduction (control: 24.58 vs. experimental: 31.35) was not statistically significant. The Roland Morris score decreased significantly in the experimental group (estimate: −1.70, 95% CI −3.29 to −0.10; p = 0.038), and these patients were 5 times more likely to progress to a better CGI category (OR = 0.20, 95% CI 0.07 to 0.57; p = 0.003). No significant differences were observed in EQ-5D-5L scores or analgesic consumption. Conclusions: The addition of supplemental pyrimidine nucleotides and vitamins B1 and B12 to standard of care treatment improved radiculopathy functional and clinical outcomes. Regarding pain, however, although there was a numerical improvement, it did not reach statistical significance.
Compare and Contrast of the Cellular Actions of Related Flavonoids, Apigenin and Chrysin
Authors: Keefe Patrick , Puthanveetil Prasanth
Published: December 2024

In this review, we provide an evidence-based approach to determine the cellular and systemic actions of two structurally similar flavonoids, apigenin and chrysin. We have clearly evaluated and charted the overlapping and diverging properties of these two sister flavonoids. Based on two separate Omics-based approaches by our group and independent reports from others, the cholesterol-lowering properties have been revealed. In addition, the prevention of uric acid biosynthesis and enhancement of ketogenesis have also been quite evident in these two flavonoids. Along with these overlapping functions, apigenin and chrysin have also demonstrated unique properties that allow them to stand out from each other. Chrysin has demonstrated abilities like downregulating alanine metabolism and pyrimidine synthesis, which could be helpful in metabolic diseases like cancer. In contrast, apigenin has demonstrated anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory properties by enhancing endogenous anti-inflammatory lipids and upregulating vasoprotective metabolites, which could be beneficial for cardiovascular, renal, and cerebrovascular complications. Further validation studies using in vivo and translational approaches could provide us with better clarity regarding the use of these agents therapeutically and to treat a combination or pool of metabolic diseases.
Sex-Dependent Gut Microbiota Features and Functional Signatures in Metabolic Disfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease
Authors: Mogna-Peláez Paola , Riezu-Boj José I. , Milagro Fermin I. , Clemente-Larramendi Iñigo , Esteban Echeverría Sergio , Herrero José I. , Elorz Mariana , Benito-Boillos Alberto , Tobaruela-Resola Ana Luz , González-Muniesa Pedro , Tur Josep A. , Martínez J. Alfredo , Abete Itziar , Zulet M. Angeles
Published: December 2024

Background/Objectives: This study investigates the gut microbiota’s role in metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), focusing on microbial and functional signatures and sex-based differences. Methods: Using baseline data from 98 MASLD patients and 45 controls from the Fatty Liver in Obesity (FLiO) study, the gut microbiota was profiled with 16S gene sequencing, followed by statistical and machine learning analyses to identify disease-associated microbial signatures. Results: Notable alpha and beta diversity differences were observed between MASLD patients and the controls, varying by sex. Machine learning models highlighted specific microbial signatures for each sex, achieving high accuracy (area under the receiver operating characteristic curves of 0.91 for women and 0.72 for men). The key microbial taxa linked to MASLD included Christensenella and Limosilactobacillus in women and Beduinibacterium and Anaerotruncus in men. Functional profiling showed that MASLD patients had increased pathways for amine biosynthesis and amino acid degradation, while the controls exhibited enhanced fermentation pathways. These microbial features were associated with systemic inflammation, insulin resistance, and metabolite production linked to gut dysbiosis. Conclusions: The findings support the potential of gut microbiota signatures to be used as non-invasive indicators of MASLD and highlight sex-specific variations that could inform personalized diagnostic and therapeutic approaches.
Dynamic Control of Airy Beams Using Real-Time Phase-Amplitude Encoding on a Spatial Light Modulator
Authors: Keskin Alpgiray , Kaya Gamze , Kaya Necati , Strohaber James , Kolomenskii Alexandre A. , Schuessler Hans A.
Published: December 2024

Airy beams showing curved paths have found extensive applications in fields such as optical trapping, biomedical analysis, and material processing. Despite their utility, dynamic control of Airy beams poses a significant challenge. This work investigates the experimental realization of dynamic steering of Airy beams by utilizing computer-generated holograms with phase-amplitude encoding on a phase-only spatial light modulator (SLM). We successfully generated and controlled Airy beams by imposing dynamic phase masks that manipulated both the phase and amplitude of the field, which sets our approach apart from conventional methods with only phase manipulation. By directly encoding in situ such a hologram and transferring it to an SLM, we are able to control the initial position and rotational orientation of Airy beams without relying on mechanical movement or traditional optical setups involving lenses and apertures. Generating Airy beams in any initial position and rotational direction is anticipated to significantly impact applications such as optical trapping, optical communication, and biomedical imaging by providing a flexible platform for dynamic Airy beam manipulation.
Elevated 24,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D Serum Concentrations in Two Dogs with Cholecalciferol Toxicosis
Authors: Ippolito Elizabeth , Merkhassine Michael , Forbes Jethro M. , Loftus John P.
Published: December 2024

Vitamin D toxicosis poses a health threat to dogs, with cases often stemming from cholecalciferol rodenticide ingestion. This case report investigates two clinical cases of canine cholecalciferol toxicosis, shedding light on the persistent elevation of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) and the adaptive response of 24,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (24,25(OH)2D). Serum samples from affected dogs were analyzed over several months, revealing sustained increases in 25(OH)D concentrations. Notably, concurrent measurements of 24,25(OH)2D unveiled a marked elevation, suggesting a compensatory mechanism to mitigate calcitriol excess and hypercalcemia. These findings highlight the potential role of upregulating 24-hydroxylase activity as a therapeutic target for managing cholecalciferol toxicosis. These cases underscore the importance of understanding vitamin D metabolism in canine toxicology and prompt further exploration into novel treatment strategies and other research areas.
Impact of Post-Thaw Enrichment of Primary Human Hepatocytes on Steatosis, Inflammation, and Fibrosis in the TruVivo® System
Authors: Odanga Justin J. , Anderson Sharon M. , Presnell Sharon C. , LeCluyse Edward L. , Chen Jingsong , Weaver Jessica R.
Published: December 2024

Background: Liver diseases are a global health concern. Many in vitro liver models utilize cryopreserved primary human hepatocytes (PHHs), which commonly undergo post-thaw processing through colloidal silica gradients to remove debris and enrich for a viable PHH population. Post-thaw processing effects on healthy PHHs are partially understood, but the consequences of applying disease-origin PHHs to post-thaw density gradient separation have not been described. Methods: Using the TruVivo® system, diseased, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), and fibrotic PHHs were cultured for 14 days after initially being subjected to either low-density (permissive) or high-density (selective) gradients using Percoll-based thawing medium. Results: Changes in functionality, including albumin and urea secretion and CYP3A4 activity, were measured in diseased, T2DM, and fibrotic PHHs enriched in low Percoll compared to PHHs enriched in high Percoll. Lipogenesis increased in the PHHs enriched in low Percoll. Higher expression of CK18 and TGF-β, two fibrotic markers, and changes in expression of the macrophage markers CD68 and CD163 were also measured. Conclusions: The use of Percoll for the enrichment of PHHs post-thaw results in differences in attachment and functionality, along with changes in diseased phenotypes, in the TruVivo® system.
Advancing Chimeric Antigen Receptor T-Cell Therapy for Acute Myeloid Leukemia: Current Limitations and Emerging Strategies
Authors: Damiani Daniela , Tiribelli Mario
Published: December 2024

Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy represents one of the most impressive advances in anticancer therapy of the last decade. While CAR T-cells are gaining ground in various B cell malignancies, their use in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) remains limited, and no CAR-T product has yet received approval for AML. The main limitation of CAR-T therapy in AML is the lack of specific antigens that are expressed in leukemic cells but not in their healthy counterparts, such as hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), as their targeting would result in an on-target/off-tumor toxicity. Moreover, the heterogeneity of AML and the tendency of blasts to modify surface antigens’ expression in the course of the disease make identification of suitable targets even more challenging. Lastly, AML’s immunosuppressive microenvironment dampens CAR-T therapeutic activities. In this review, we focus on the actual pitfalls of CAR T-cell therapy in AML, and we discuss promising approaches to overcome them.
Liposomal and Nanostructured Lipid Nanoformulations of a Pentacyclic Triterpenoid Birch Bark Extract: Structural Characterization and In Vitro Effects on Melanoma B16-F10 and Walker 256 Tumor Cells Apoptosis
Authors: Rugină Dumitriţa , Socaciu Mihai Adrian , Nistor Madalina , Diaconeasa Zorita , Cenariu Mihai , Tabaran Flaviu Alexandru , Socaciu Carmen
Published: December 2024

Background/Objectives: Pentacyclic triterpenoids are increasingly studied as anticancer agents with many advantages compared to synthetic chemotherapeutics. The aim of this study was to prepare liposomal and nanostructured lipid formulations including a standardized extract of silver birch (Betula pendula) outer bark (TTs) and to evaluate their potential as anticancer agents in vitro, using Melanoma B16-F10 and Walker carcinoma cells. Methods: Appropriate solvents were selected for efficient TTs extraction, and original recipes were used to obtain Pegylated liposomes and nanolipid complexes with entrapped TTs, comparative to pure standards (betulinic acid and doxorubicin) in similar conditions. The composition, morphology, and sizes of all nanoformulations were checked by high-performance liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry, Transmission Electronic Microscopy, and Diffraction Light Scattering. The entrapment efficiency and its impact on cell viability, cell cycle arrest, and apoptosis by flow cytometry was also measured on both cancer cell lines. Conclusions: The standardized TTs, including betulin, lupeol, and betulinic acid, showed good stability and superior activity compared to pure betulinic acid. According to experimental data, TTs showed good entrapment in liposomal and NLC nanoformulations, both delivery systems including natural, biodegradable ingredients and enhanced bioavailability. The apoptosis and necrosis effects were more pronounced for TTs liposomal formulations in both types of cancer cells, with lower cytotoxicity compared to Doxorubicin, and can be correlated with their increased bioavailability.
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome and the Potential for Nanomaterial-Based Drug Delivery in Therapy of This Disease
Authors: Shi Mingqin , Li Xinyao , Xing Liwei , Li Zhenmin , Zhou Sitong , Wang Zihui , Zou Xuelian , She Yuqing , Zhao Rong , Qin Dongdong
Published: December 2024

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the predominant endocrine disorder among women of reproductive age and represents the leading cause of anovulatory infertility, which imposes a considerable health and economic burden. Currently, medications used to treat PCOS can lead to certain adverse reactions, such as affecting fertility and increasing the risk of venous thrombosis. Drug delivery systems utilizing nanomaterials, characterized by prolonged half-life, precision-targeted delivery, enhanced bioavailability, and reduced toxicity, are currently being employed in the management of PCOS. This innovative approach is gaining traction as a favored strategy for augmenting the therapeutic efficacy of medications. Consequently, this paper discusses the roles of nanoparticles, nanocarriers, and targeted ligands within nanomaterial-based drug delivery systems, aiming to identify optimal methodologies for treating PCOS using nanomaterials. Additionally, prospective research avenues concerning nanomaterial-based delivery systems in the context of PCOS, as well as the implications of existing insights on the advancement of novel therapies for PCOS, are highlighted.
Host–Guest Complexation of Olmesartan Medoxomil by Heptakis(2,6-di-O-methyl)-β-cyclodextrin: Compatibility Study with Excipients
Authors: Man Dana Emilia , Nițu Ema-Teodora , Temereancă Claudia , Sbârcea Laura , Ledeți Adriana , Ivan Denisa , Ridichie Amalia , Andor Minodora , Jîjie Alex-Robert , Barvinschi Paul , Rusu Gerlinde , Văruţ Renata-Maria , Ledeți Ionuț
Published: December 2024

Background: Olmesartan medoxomil (OLM) is the prodrug of olmesartan, an angiotensin II type 1 receptor blocker that has antihypertensive and antioxidant activities and renal protective properties. It exhibits low water solubility, which leads to poor bioavailability and limits its clinical potential. To improve the solubility of OLM, a host–guest inclusion complex (IC) between heptakis(2,6-di-O-methyl)-β-cyclodextrin (DMβCD) and the drug substance was obtained. Along with active substances, excipients play a crucial role in the quality, safety, and efficacy of pharmaceutical formulations. Therefore, the compatibility of OLM/DMβCD IC with several pharmaceutical excipients was evaluated. Methods: IC was characterized in both solid and liquid states, employing thermoanalytical techniques, universal-attenuated total reflectance Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, powder X-ray diffractometry, UV spectroscopy, and saturation solubility studies. Compatibility studies were carried out using thermal and spectroscopic methods to assess potential physical and chemical interactions. Results: The 1:1 OLM:DMβCD stoichiometry ratio and the value of the apparent stability constant were determined by means of the phase solubility method that revealed an AL-type diagram. The binary system showed different physicochemical characteristics from those of the parent entities, supporting IC formation. The geometry of the IC was thoroughly investigated using molecular modeling. Compatibility studies revealed a lack of interaction between the IC and all studied excipients at ambient conditions and the thermally induced incompatibility of IC with magnesium stearate and α-lactose monohydrate. Conclusions: The results of this study emphasize that OLM/DMβCD IC stands out as a valuable candidate for future research in the development of new pharmaceutical formulations, in which precautions should be considered in choosing magnesium stearate and α-lactose monohydrate as excipients if the manufacture stage requires temperatures above 100 °C.
Advancing Recovery by Incorporating Physiological Insights into the Surgical Management of Chronic Proximal Rectus Femoris Tendon Avulsion
Authors: Capurro-Soler Bruno , Vecchi Francesco , Badillo-Pérez Eduardo , Vazquez Jonathan , Ortega Alexander , Pizarro-Geraldo Wilson , Gambín Joel , Muñoz Criado Ignacio
Published: December 2024

Background: Tendon lesions affecting the proximal rectus femoris (PRF) muscle represent about 1.5% of hip injuries. Most acute cases are managed conservatively with physiotherapy. There is a lack of consensus regarding surgical intervention for chronic injuries. This article, alongside a literature review, presents a case of anatomical surgical reinsertion for chronic complete avulsion rupture of the PRF tendon. Case Report: A 34-year-old amateur athlete experienced acute inguinal pain from overexertion, with conservative treatment having failed over 3 months. Seven months later, proximal tendon rupture involving both PRF muscle heads was confirmed. An anterior Hueter approach released the tendon from the adhesions and fibrosis. The direct portion was reinserted into the inferior anterior iliac spine, and the reflex portion was reattached to the supraacetabular groove. The patient showed excellent improvement on the modified Harris Hip and Lysholm–Tegner scales. The quadriceps muscle force decreased by 20% compared to the contralateral leg at 3 months, reducing to 4% by 12 months. Normal activities resumed after six weeks, and sports resumed after 4 months. Conclusions: The patient experienced significant postoperative improvement, as shown by the enhanced functional scores and muscle force recovery over one year. The success of the anatomical reconstruction in restoring tendon continuity underscores the importance of tendon healing mechanisms, including tissue remodeling and revascularization, in chronic avulsion injuries. This case highlights the efficacy of anatomical reconstruction for chronic PRF tendon avulsion. The literature review offers further insights into treatment options and the physiological basis of recovery for such injuries.
Transcriptome and Metabolome Analyses Reveal the Regulatory Mechanism of TC1a in the Sucrose and Starch Synthesis Pathways in Arabidopsis thaliana
Authors: Zhu Wenjun , Li Guangze , Shi Han , Ruan Ying , Liu Chunlin
Published: December 2024

Tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor (TRAF) proteins, originally identified in mammals, have since been found in most plants. TRAF proteins in plants have been shown to be involved in cellular autophagy, immunity, drought resistance, and ABA induction. However, the role in regulating sucrose and starch metabolism has not been reported. In this study, we confirmed that TC1a can regulate sucrose and starch metabolism through gene editing, phenotypic observation, transcriptomics and metabolomics analyses. Initially, 200 and 81 TRAF proteins were identified in rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) and Arabidopsis thaliana, respectively, and divided into five classes. We found that overexpression of TC1a inhibited root length, plant height, flowering, and leaf development in A. thaliana. Additionally, 12 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) related to sucrose and starch metabolism pathways were identified in overexpressing and knockout plants, respectively. Six differentially accumulated metabolites (DAMs)—fructose, sucrose, glucose, trehalose, maltose, and 6-phosphate fructose—were identified using widely targeted metabolomics analysis. The results show that TC1a affects the growth and development of Arabidopsis, and induces the expression of sucrose and starch synthase and hydrolases, providing a foundation for further research into its molecular mechanisms.
Genetic Foundation of Leaf Senescence: Insights from Natural and Cultivated Plant Diversity
Authors: Doan Phan Phuong Thao , Vuong Hue Huong , Kim Jeongsik
Published: December 2024

Leaf senescence, the final stage of leaf development, is crucial for plant fitness as it enhances nutrient reutilization, supporting reproductive success and overall plant adaptation. Understanding its molecular and genetic regulation is essential to improve crop resilience and productivity, particularly in the face of global climate change. This review explores the significant contributions of natural genetic diversity to our understanding of leaf senescence, focusing on insights from model plants and major crops. We discuss the physiological and adaptive significance of senescence in plant development, environmental adaptation, and agricultural productivity. The review emphasizes the importance of natural genetic variation, including studies on natural accessions, landraces, cultivars, and artificial recombinant lines to unravel the genetic basis of senescence. Various approaches, from quantitative trait loci mapping to genome-wide association analysis and in planta functional analysis, have advanced our knowledge of senescence regulation. Current studies focusing on key regulatory genes and pathways underlying natural senescence, identified from natural or recombinant accession and cultivar populations, are highlighted. We also address the adaptive implications of abiotic and biotic stress factors triggering senescence and the genetic mechanisms underlying these responses. Finally, we discuss the challenges in translating these genetic insights into crop improvement. We propose future research directions, such as expanding studies on under-researched crops, investigating multiple stress combinations, and utilizing advanced technologies, including multiomics and gene editing, to harness natural genetic diversity for crop resilience.
Experimental Study on Spectral Response Characteristics and Mechanical State of Coal Based on Artificial Acoustic Signals
Authors: Zhang Jianguo , Fu Wenlong , Cui Weilong , Ma Ji , Du Feng
Published: December 2024

With the increase in coal mining depth, the stress and strain state of coal and rock mass affects the formation of dangerous zones of dynamic phenomena. In order to study the relationship between the frequency spectrum characteristics of artificial acoustic signals and the stress state of coal and gas pressure, a test device and system that can generate acoustic signals by mechanical vibration excitation are developed by using the design idea of the unit module. Firstly, the basic mechanical parameters of coal under uniaxial compression are analyzed. On this basis, we use the test device to study the qualitative and quantitative relationships between the relative stress coefficient K value of the coal body and the axial loading stress, whether it contains gas, and the mechanical vibration force. The test results show that when the gas-containing coal and the gas-free coal are subjected to the same external mechanical vibration knocking force to stimulate the artificial acoustic signal test, the relative stress coefficient K value increases first and then decreases with the increase in axial loading stress. The relationship between the relative stress coefficient K and the axial loading stress σ can be expressed in the form of exponential function K=e−Cσ. When the axial loading stress and the external mechanical vibration force are both fixed values, the relative stress coefficient K value of the coal body with gas is smaller than that without gas. When the axial loading stress and gas-bearing pressure of the coal body are both fixed values, the relative stress coefficient K value decreases with the increase in the impact force of the external mechanical vibration. This experimental study can provide a reference for the identification and prediction of dynamic disasters based on artificial acoustic signals.
Introducing the Second-Order Features Adjoint Sensitivity Analysis Methodology for Neural Ordinary Differential Equations—II: Illustrative Application to Heat and Energy Transfer in the Nordheim–Fuchs Phenomenological Model for Reactor Safety
Authors: Cacuci Dan Gabriel
Published: December 2024

This work presents an illustrative application of the newly developed “Second-Order Features Adjoint Sensitivity Analysis Methodology for Neural Ordinary Differential Equations (2nd-FASAM-NODE)” methodology to determine most efficiently the exact expressions of the first- and second-order sensitivities of NODE decoder responses to the neural net’s underlying parameters (weights and initial conditions). The application of the 2nd-FASAM-NODE methodology will be illustrated using the Nordheim–Fuchs phenomenological model for reactor safety, which describes a short-time self-limiting power transient in a nuclear reactor system having a negative temperature coefficient in which a large amount of reactivity is suddenly inserted. The representative model responses that will be analyzed in this work include the model’s time-dependent total energy released, neutron flux, temperature and thermal conductivity. The 2nd-FASAM-NODE methodology yields the exact expressions of the first-order sensitivities of these decoder responses with respect to the underlying uncertain model parameters and initial conditions, requiring just a single large-scale computation per response. Furthermore, the 2nd-FASAM-NODE methodology yields the exact expressions of the second-order sensitivities of a model response requiring as few large-scale computations as there are features/functions of model parameters, thereby demonstrating its unsurpassed efficiency for performing sensitivity analysis of NODE nets.
The Lost MIS 11c Mammalian Fauna from Via dell’Impero (Rome, Italy)
Authors: Palombo Maria Rita , Giaccio Biagio , Monaco Lorenzo , Martino Roberta , Amanatidou Marina , Pandolfi Luca
Published: December 2024

This research presents an in-depth analysis of large mammal remains first discovered in 1932 in the archaeological area of ancient Rome, central Italy, during the work for the opening of Via dell’Impero (VFI). This work describes the faunal assemblage, its current preservation status, and uses tephrochronology to assess its age. Additionally, it provides paleoecological insights into the evolution of the mammalian fauna in Latium, central Italy, from MIS 13 to MIS 7. Analysis of the fossils updates the identification previously proposed by De Angelis d’Ossat, confirming the presence of Palaeoloxodon antiquus, Cervus elaphus, and Bos primigenius. However, in contrast to the previous author, the hippopotamus remains are assigned to Hippopotamus cf. antiquus, and a second deer is identified as Dama sp.. Furthermore, gnawing marks on the hippopotamus femur suggest the presence of a middle-sized carnivore. Tephrochronological investigation was conducted on pumice retrieved from the VFI fossiliferous layer and ash extracted from sediments adhering to the fossil surfaces. The major element composition of the glass from all pumice/ash samples shows a strong affinity with the Vico β unit, allowing correlation with the Fucino record and constraining the deposition of the VFI fossiliferous level between <406.5 ± 1.3 ka and >405.7 + 1.5/−1.6 ka. Radiometric dating is particularly useful for large mammal faunas of MIS 11-MIS 7, a period lacking significant faunal renewals, as Latium mammalian faunas are often dominated by species (elephants, red deer, aurochs) with broad chronological ranges.
Outline of a Serbian Orthodox Doctrine of Righteous War
Authors: Saggau Emil Hilton
Published: December 2024

The post-communist period has seen several wars in regions with a majority of Eastern Orthodox Christians. These conflicts have prompted Eastern Orthodox churches to formulate stances on war and develop new doctrines of righteous war. These responses draw on a long lineage of Eastern Roman and Slavonic traditions, particularly the Cyrillian doctrine of righteous war expounded in the Life of Constantine-Cyril. This paper examines the theological responses of the Serbian Orthodox Church to the wars in the former Yugoslavia, providing a reference point for comparison with the current theological debates and assessment of doctrines of warfare in light of the war in Ukraine. The focus is on the biblical hermeneutics and theological framing of various Serbian-centered doctrines. These new outlines draw on diverse traditions within Slavonic and Eastern Orthodox theology. The paper aims to provide insights into the shaping of Eastern Orthodox positions on war and the theological genesis of justifications for war. The discussion sheds light on the intricate relationship between war and Christianity within the Eastern Orthodox context in Serbia.
A Step Forward in Hybrid Soil Laboratory Analysis: Merging Chemometric Corrections, Protocols and Data-Driven Methods
Authors: Bartsch Bruno dos Anjos , Rosin Nicolas Augusto , dos Santos Uemeson José , Coblinski João Augusto , Pelegrino Marcelo H. P. , Rosas Jorge Tadeu Fim , Poppiel Raul Roberto , Ortiz Ednilson Batista , Kochinki Viviane Cristina Vivian , Gallo Paulo , Dor Eyal Ben , Falcioni Renan , Nanni Marcos Rafael , Gonçalves João Vitor Ferreira , Oliveira Caio Almeida de , Vedana Nicole Ghinzelli Vedana , Furlanetto Renato Herrig , Demattê José A. M.
Published: December 2024

The need to maintain soil health and produce more food worldwide has increased, and soil analysis is essential for its management. Although spectroscopy has emerged as an important tool, it is important to focus primarily on predictive modeling procedures rather than specific protocols. This article aims to contribute to a routine work sequence in a hybrid laboratory that seeks to provide the best data for its users. In this study, 18,730 soil samples from the state of Paraná, Brazil, were analyzed using three different laboratories, sensors and geometries for data acquisition. Thirty soil properties were analyzed, some using different chemical methodologies for comparison purposes. After a spectral reading, two literary protocols were applied, and the final prediction results were observed. We applied cubist models, which were the best for our population. The combination of different spectral analysis systems, with a standardized protocol using LB for the ISS detection of discrepant samples, was shown to significantly improve the accuracy of predictions for 21 of the 30 soil properties analyzed, highlighting the importance of choosing the extraction methodology and improving data quality, which have a significant impact on laboratory analyses, reaffirming spectroscopy as an essential tool for the efficient and sustainable management of soil resources.
Estimating Grassland Biophysical Parameters in the Cantabrian Mountains Using Radiative Transfer Models in Combination with Multiple Endmember Spectral Mixture Analysis
Authors: Fernández-Guisuraga José Manuel , González-Pérez Iván , Reguero-Vaquero Ana , Marcos Elena
Published: December 2024

Grasslands are one of the most abundant and biodiverse ecosystems in the world. However, in southern European countries, the abandonment of traditional management activities, such as extensive grazing, has caused many semi-natural grasslands to be invaded by shrubs. Therefore, there is a need to characterize semi-natural grasslands to determine their aboveground primary production and livestock-carrying capacity. Nevertheless, current methods lack a realistic identification of vegetation assemblages where grassland biophysical parameters can be accurately retrieved by the inversion of turbid-medium radiative transfer models (RTMs) in fine-grained landscapes. To this end, in this study we proposed a novel framework in which multiple endmember spectral mixture analysis (MESMA) was implemented to realistically identify grassland-dominated pixels from Sentinel-2 imagery in heterogeneous mountain landscapes. Then, the inversion of PROSAIL RTM (coupled PROSPECT and SAIL leaf and canopy models) was implemented separately for retrieving grassland biophysical parameters, including the leaf area index (LAI), fractional vegetation cover (FCOVER), and aboveground biomass (AGB), from grassland-dominated Sentinel-2 pixels while accounting for non-vegetated areas at the subpixel level. The study region was the southern slope of the Cantabrian Mountains (Spain), with a high spatial variability of fine-grained land covers. The MESMA grassland fraction image had a high accuracy based on validation results using centimetric resolution aerial orthophotographs (R2 = 0.74, and RMSE = 0.18). The validation with field reference data from several mountain passes of the southern slope of the Cantabrian Mountains featured a high accuracy for LAI (R2 = 0.74, and RMSE = 0.56 m2·m−2), FCOVER (R2 = 0.78 and RMSE = 0.07), and AGB (R2 = 0.67, and RMSE = 43.44 g·m−2). This study provides a reliable method to accurately identify and estimate grassland biophysical variables in highly diverse landscapes at a regional scale, with important implications for the management and conservation of threatened semi-natural grasslands. Future studies should investigate the PROSAIL inversion over the endmember signatures and subpixel fractions depicted by MESMA to adequately address the parametrization of the underlying background reflectance by using prior information and should also explore the scalability of this approach to other heterogeneous landscapes.
SiamRhic: Improved Cross-Correlation and Ranking Head-Based Siamese Network for Object Tracking in Remote Sensing Videos
Authors: Yang Afeng , Yang Zhuolin , Feng Wenqing
Published: December 2024

Object tracking in remote sensing videos is a challenging task in computer vision. Recent advances in deep learning have sparked significant interest in tracking algorithms based on Siamese neural networks. However, many existing algorithms fail to deliver satisfactory performance in complex scenarios due to challenging conditions and limited computational resources. Thus, enhancing tracking efficiency and improving algorithm responsiveness in complex scenarios are crucial. To address tracking drift caused by similar objects and background interference in remote sensing image tracking, we propose an enhanced Siamese network based on the SiamRhic architecture, incorporating a cross-correlation and ranking head for improved object tracking. We first use convolutional neural networks for feature extraction and integrate the CBAM (Convolutional Block Attention Module) to enhance the tracker’s representational capacity, allowing it to focus more effectively on the objects. Additionally, we replace the original depth-wise cross-correlation operation with asymmetric convolution, enhancing both speed and performance. We also introduce a ranking loss to reduce the classification confidence of interference objects, addressing the mismatch between classification and regression. We validate the proposed algorithm through experiments on the OTB100, UAV123, and OOTB remote sensing datasets. Specifically, SiamRhic achieves success, normalized precision, and precision rates of 0.533, 0.786, and 0.812, respectively, on the OOTB benchmark. The OTB100 benchmark achieves a success rate of 0.670 and a precision rate of 0.892. Similarly, in the UAV123 benchmark, SiamRhic achieves a success rate of 0.621 and a precision rate of 0.823. These results demonstrate the algorithm’s high precision and success rates, highlighting its practical value.
Quantification of Nearshore Sandbar Seasonal Evolution Based on Drone Pseudo-Bathymetry Time-Lapse Data
Authors: Alevizos Evangelos
Published: December 2024

Nearshore sandbars are dynamic features that characterize shallow morphobathymetry and vary over a wide range of geometries and temporal lifespans. Nearshore sandbars influence beach geometry by altering the energy of incoming waves; thus, monitoring the evolution of sandbars is a fundamental approach in effective coastal planning. Due to several natural and technical limitations related to shallow seafloor mapping, there is a significant gap in the availability of high-resolution, shallow bathymetric data for monitoring the dynamic behaviour of nearshore sandbars effectively. This study introduces a novel image-processing technique that produces time series of pseudo-bathymetric data by utilizing multi-temporal (monthly) drone imagery, and it provides an assessment of local morphodynamics at a sandy beach in the southeast Mediterranean. The technique is called standardized-ratio bathymetric index (SRBI), and it transforms natural-colour drone imagery to pseudo-bathymetric data by applying an empirical formula used for satellite-derived bathymetry. This technique correlates well with laser altimetry depth measurements; however, it does not require in situ depth data for implementation. The resulting pseudo-bathymetric data allows for extracting cross-shore profiles and delineating the sandbar crest with 4 m horizontal accuracy. Stacking of temporal profiles allowed for the quantification of the sandbar’s crest and trough changes at different alongshore sections. The main findings suggest that the nearshore crescentic sandbar at Episkopi Beach (north Crete) shows strong seasonality regarding net offshore migration that is promoted by enhanced wave action during winter months. In addition, the crescentic sandbar is susceptible to morphology arrestment during prolonged weeks of low wave action. The average migration rate during winter is 10 m.month−1, with some sections exhibiting a maximum of 60 m.month−1. This study (a) offers a novel remote-sensing approach, suitable for nearshore seafloor monitoring with low computational complexity, (b) reveals sandbar geometry and temporal change in superior detail compared to other observational methods, and (c) advances knowledge about nearshore sandbar monitoring in the Mediterranean region.
Energy Management Strategy for Fuel Cell Vehicles Based on Online Driving Condition Recognition Using Dual-Model Predictive Control
Authors: Li Fuxiang , Wang Xiaolin , Bao Xucong , Wang Ziyu , Li Ruixuan
Published: December 2024

Given the urgent challenges posed by global climate change and the ongoing energy crisis, fuel cell electric vehicles (FCEVs) have emerged as a promising solution. Incorporating sophisticated energy management strategies (EMSs) into FCEVs can significantly enhance the efficiency of the complex powertrain under diverse driving conditions. In this paper, a dual-model predictive control energy management strategy based on long short-term memory (LSTM)-based driving condition recognition is proposed to enhance the economic performance of FCEVs and robustness across diverse driving conditions. Firstly, to improve the generalization capability and adaptability of the LSTM model and to enhance the accuracy of driving condition recognition, wavelet transform (WT) is introduced into both the offline training and online application of LSTM. Secondly, to enhance the real-time performance and control effectiveness of the EMS, model predictive control (MPC) and explicit model predictive control (eMPC) are established based on a unified optimization objective and constraints. Thirdly, a dual MPC switching logic is developed using the information of driving condition prediction, ensuring the coordination of dual MPCs in practical applications and enhancing their adaptability to various conditions. Finally, an evaluation of the simulations demonstrates that the proposed dual-model predictive control energy management strategy based on wavelet transform LSTM driving condition recognition (WTL-DMPC EMS) can improve economic performance. Compared with other baselines, the energy-saving capability is remarkable, showcasing its promising performance.
The Influence of Two Teaching Approaches on Foot Loading in Skiing Beginners—A Comparative Study
Authors: Kurpiers Nicolas , Gersmann Luca , Reinhart Kai , Eden Nils , Kersting Uwe G.
Published: December 2024

(1) Background: Alpine skiing, with its long history, has experienced numerous innovations and developments on all levels ranging from technology to fashion over the past 120 years. However, teaching approaches for beginners remained quite consistent for many decades and are mainly grounded in experience. The One-Ski-Method (OSM) is an alternative approach to the predominant snowplow (SP) method with the strategy to initially experience and acquire the elementary positions and actions on one ski in order to subsequently transfer these to two skis. The aim of the study was to compare the effects of the SP and the OSM by assessing the position of the ski via load distribution sensors. (2) Methods: A total of 33 participants were groupwise randomly assigned to the two methods and tested via load insoles on the first and the fifth day on a moderate slope for six turns. Between the two measurements, the groups were instructed according to the SP or the OSM methods, respectively. The data were analyzed via Matlab and SPSS. (3) Results: The OSM group showed a significantly greater forefoot load than the SP group (p = 0.029). The SP group developed a greater rearfoot loading from pre- to post testing. (4) Conclusions: The findings make it perceivable that OSM learners acquire a beneficial specific position on the ski due to the exercises of the OSM.
Automated Food Weight and Content Estimation Using Computer Vision and AI Algorithms
Authors: Gonzalez Bryan , Garcia Gonzalo , Velastin Sergio A. , GholamHosseini Hamid , Tejeda Lino , Farias Gonzalo
Published: December 2024

The work aims to leverage computer vision and artificial intelligence technologies to quantify key components in food distribution services. Specifically, it focuses on dish counting, content identification, and portion size estimation in a dining hall setting. An RGB camera is employed to capture the tray delivery process in a self-service restaurant, providing test images for plate counting and content identification algorithm comparison, using standard evaluation metrics. The approach utilized the YOLO architecture, a widely recognized deep learning model for object detection and computer vision. The model is trained on labeled image data, and its performance is assessed using a precision–recall curve at a confidence threshold of 0.5, achieving a mean average precision (mAP) of 0.873, indicating robust overall performance. The weight estimation procedure combines computer vision techniques to measure food volume using both RGB and depth cameras. Subsequently, density models specific to each food type are applied to estimate the detected food weight. The estimation model’s parameters are calibrated through experiments that generate volume-to-weight conversion tables for different food items. Validation of the system was conducted using rice and chicken, yielding error margins of 5.07% and 3.75%, respectively, demonstrating the feasibility and accuracy of the proposed method.
Multimodal Material Classification Using Visual Attention
Authors: Maleki Mohadeseh , Rouhafzay Ghazal , Cretu Ana-Maria
Published: December 2024

The material of an object is an inherent property that can be perceived through various sensory modalities, yet the integration of multisensory information substantially improves the accuracy of these perceptions. For example, differentiating between a ceramic and a plastic cup with similar visual properties may be difficult when relying solely on visual cues. However, the integration of touch and audio feedback when interacting with these objects can significantly clarify these distinctions. Similarly, combining audio and touch exploration with visual guidance can optimize the sensory examination process. In this study, we introduce a multisensory approach for categorizing object materials by integrating visual, audio, and touch perceptions. The main contribution of this paper is the exploration of a computational model of visual attention that directs the sampling of touch and audio data. We conducted experiments using a subset of 63 household objects from a publicly available dataset, the ObjectFolder dataset. Our findings indicate that incorporating a visual attention model enhances the ability to generalize material classifications to new objects and achieves superior performance compared to a baseline approach, where data are gathered through random interactions with an object’s surface.