bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of Parasitic Channel on DC/AC/RF Characteristics and Power Consumption of GAA Si NS MOSFETs and Circuits
Authors: Kola Sekhar Reddy , Li Yiming
Published: October 2023

In this paper, we study the effect of parasitic channel on electrical characteristics and power consumptions of vertically stacked gate-all-around (GAA) silicon nanosheet (NS) MOSFETs of the bulk and silicon-on-insulator (SOI) substrates. Through deliberate control of the bottom parasitic channel coverage, we systematically assess its influence on DC, AC, and RF characteristics including power consumption. The observed findings highlight a significant differentiation among the bottom parasitic channels: GAA (i.e., control sample with 100% coverage), omega-shaped gate NS (70% and 80% coverages), and FinFET (60% coverage). Compared with the device with a 60% coverage channel, the device with a 100% coverage channel possesses 3520% and 8030% normalized leakage current improvement for both NFET and PFET under the bulk substrate, respectively. Compared with bulk-substrate devices, the SOI-substrate devices further significantly improve the leakage current. Due to enhanced off-state current leakages in the 100% covered bulk-substrate device, the static power demonstrates a notable improvement (about 98.1%), compared to 60% covered devices. Hence, the utilization of a 60% covered channel will result in a degradation of both device and circuit performance. The observation of GAA NS MOSFET indicates that an increase in the bottom parasitic channel coverage ratio leads to a positive impact on power consumption and leakage currents. The examination presented here is useful in the fabrication of stacked GAA NS MOSFETs.
Clinical Efficacy of Antibiotic Bone Cement plus Lateral Bone Repositioning for Severe Diabetic Foot and Its Impact on Wound Healing Rate
Authors: Luo Fangcheng , Zhang Lei , Cao Hong , Wen Rongzhi , Shang Wei , Cheng Xinhua
Published: October 2023

Objective: To evaluate the clinical efficacy of antibiotic bone cement plus lateral bone repositioning for severe diabetic foot and its impact on wound healing rate. Methods: Sixty patients with hemodialysis anemia admitted to the endocrinology department of our hospital from July 2020 to July 2021 were included and randomly assigned to receive antibiotic bone cement plus lateral bone repositioning (observation group) or vacuum sealing drainage (VSD) (control group). Outcome measures included skin temperature of the affected limb, ankle-brachial index, sensory threshold, foot wound healing, dorsalis pedis artery hemodynamics, lower limb function and clinical efficacy. Results: Antibiotic bone cement plus lateral bone repositioning resulted in significantly higher treatment efficiency and transcutaneous partial pressure of oxygen, smaller wound, and lower trauma pH versus VSD, suggesting that antibiotic bone cement plus lateral bone repositioning contributes to potentiating the treatment efficacy and reducing the foot ulcer trauma, thereby facilitating rapid recovery. Patients given antibiotic bone cement plus lateral bone repositioning had larger vascular internal diameter and blood flow and better sensory conduction velocity of the common peroneal nerve and the motor conduction velocity of the tibial nerve versus those given VSD, indicating its vascular and neurological benefits. Conclusion: Antibiotic bone cement plus lateral bone repositioning enhances the treatment efficiency, boosts trauma healing, and promotes postoperative functional recovery of patients.
β-cyclodextrin Nanophotosensitizers for Redox-Sensitive Delivery of Chlorin e6
Authors: Jo Jaewon , Kim Ji Yoon , Yun Je-Jung , Lee Young Ju , Jeong Young-IL
Published: October 2023

The aim of this study is to prepare redox-sensitive nanophotosensitizers for targeted delivery of chlorin e6 (Ce6) against cervical cancer. For this purpose, Ce6 was conjugated with β-cyclodextrin (bCD) via disulfide bond creating nanophotosensitizers that were fabricated for redox-sensitive delivery of Ce6 against cancer cells. bCD was treated with succinic anhydride to synthesize suc-cinylated bCD (bCDsu). After that, cystamine was attached to the carboxylic end of bCDsu (bCDsu-ss) and the amine end group of bCDsu-ss was conjugated with Ce6 (bCDsu-ss-Ce6). Chemical composition of bCDsu-ss-Ce6 was confirmed with 1H and 13C NMR spectra. bCDsu-ss-Ce6 nanophotosensitizers were fabricated by dialysis procedure. They formed small particles with an average particle size of 152.0±23.2 nm and they showed improved singlet oxygen (SO) generation in the aqueous solution under light irradiation and was significantly higher than that of Ce6 alone. Ce6 release rate from bCDsu-ss-Ce6 nanophotosensitizers was accelerated by addition of glutathione (GSH), indicating that bCDsu-ss-Ce6 nanophotosensitizers have re-dox-sensitive photosensitizer delivery capacity. bCDsu-ss-Ce6 nanophotosensitizers have low in-trinsic cytotoxicity against CCD986Sk human skin fibroblast cells as well as Ce6 alone. However, bCDsu-ss-Ce6 nanophotosensitizers showed improved Ce6 uptake ratio, higher reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and phototoxicity compared to those of Ce6 alone. GSH addition resulted in higher Ce6 uptake ratio, ROS generation and phototoxicity than those of Ce6 alone, indicating that bCDsu-ss-Ce6 nanophotosensitizers have redox-sensitive biological activity in vitro against HeLa human cervical cancer cells. At tumor xenograft model using HeLa cells, bCDsu-ss-Ce6 nanophotosensitizers efficiently accumulated in the tumor rather than normal organs, i.e. fluores-cence intensity in tumor tissues was significantly higher than those of other organs while Ce6 alone did not specifically target tumor tissue. These results indicated higher anticancer activity of bCDsu-ss-Ce6 nanophotosensitizers, by efficiently inhibiting growth of tumor in in vivo animal tumor xenograft study.
Bir Bilgelik Eğitimi Olarak Çocuklarla Felsefe
Authors: DİRİCAN Rabia
Published: October 2023

Amacı ve nihayetinde bir felsefe etkinliği olan çocuklarla felsefe, bilgelik anlayışından uzak tutulmaması, kadim kökleri ile daim bir irtibat üzere kurulması gereken bir eğitim çeşididir. Ancak mevcut duruma bakıldığında çocuklarla felsefenin çoğunlukla pozitivist bir bilim anlayışı ile çalışıldığı, tıpkı endüstri sahasında olduğu gibi çocuklarla felsefenin de maddeci amaçlarla sınırlandırıldığı görülmektedir. Felsefenin kavram olarak içinde barındırdığı bilgelik sevgisi anlayışını amaç edinen, felsefe tarihinden ve kültürel temellerden güç alan bir çocuklarla felsefe algısının inşasına ihtiyaç duyulmaktadır. Bundan da önce -felsefe tarihinde Platon’un akademisi, Pitagoras okulu ya da Farabi’nin eserleri- gibi muhtelif metinlerde rastlandığı üzere, felsefe yapmanın bazı ön koşullarının olduğu fikri model alınarak çocuk seviyesinden beklenebilecek güçlükte ön koşulların oluşturulması elzemdir. Modern çağın helikopter anne babaları tarafından yetiştirilen kırılgan çocukların önce felsefeye hazırlanması gerektiği, bunun da konfor alanından çıkarak varoluşsal sorumluluklarını çocuğa tekrar vermekle mümkün olacağı düşünülmektedir. Çocuklara ‘aklını kullanma cesareti’ ve kendi kararlarını alarak kendi düşüncelerini üretebilme sorumluluğunu vermek, ebeveynlerin zihnindeki ‘bakıma her zaman muhtaç’ çocuk algısını tekrar irdeleyerek çocukların özerk olabileceği bir zemin inşa etmek, çocuklarla felsefenin en verimli şekilde amacına ulaşabilmesi için neredeyse bir zorunluluktur. Öte yandan teorik yapı çalışmalarında çocuklarla felsefenin çocukların yaratıcılığına etkisi, duygusal zekayı, problem çözme becerilerini geliştirmeye etkisi vb. dar kalıplardan çıkılarak bilgelik sevgisi ve arayışının içinde barındırdığı ‘kendini bilmek’, ‘erdemli olmak’ gibi derin amaçların peşine düşmek, felsefeyi eğitimde araçsallaştırmayı ve basit bir jargona indirgemeyi engelleyebilecektir. Felsefenin nihayetinde bir insan-insan etkileşimi olduğu, bu bağlamda felsefe sevgisini aşılayacak eğitimcinin bir rol model olarak felsefi tutum sahibi olmasının önemli olduğu söylenebilir.
EĞİTİM FELSEFESİ ve P4C
Authors: ÇALIŞKAN AKÇETİN Nurhayat
Published: October 2023

Eğitim, çeşitli disiplinleri ve yaklaşımları kapsayan çok yönlü bir alandır. Eğitimin önemli bir yönü, öğretme ve öğrenme uygulamalarını şekillendiren felsefi temelidir. Her alanda olduğu gibi eğitim alanında da teknolojik gelişmelere ayak uydurabilmek hem dünyada hem de ülkemizde büyük önem taşımaktadır. Yapılacak yeni çalışmalar, geliştirilecek yeni yöntem ve teknikler yeni fikirlerin oluşmasını da sağlayacaktır. Eğitim-öğretim sistemimizde karşılaşılan en büyük sıkıntılardan biri ezberci modeldir. Felsefe bu kıskaçtan kurtulmanın en önemli ayağını oluşturmaktadır. Çünkü düşünen, sorgulayan, eleştiren bireyler hem kalıcı öğrenir hem de özgün fikirler üretebilirler. Dolayısıyla felsefe hayatın içinde olan bir etkinliktir ve olaylara eğitim sonucu kazanılan bu felsefi tutumla bakılır. Bunun önemini kavrayan ülkeler çocukları merkeze alan eğitim-öğretim sistemleri geliştirmeye başlamıştır. Bundan dolayı son yıllarda, P4C (Çocuklar İçin Felsefe), eleştirel düşünmeye ve sorgulamaya dayalı öğrenmeyi destekleyen etkili bir eğitim yaklaşımı olarak kabul görmüştür. Ülkemizde de bu yönde bir eğilim vardır. Bu makale, eğitim felsefesinin ne olduğunu/olması gerektiğini ortaya koyduktan sonra P4C kavramını inceleyecek, eğitim üzerindeki etkisini analiz edecektir.
Platon Felsefesindeki Çocuk Eğitiminin P4C Açısından Değerlendirilmesi
Authors: UYANIK Necip
Published: October 2023

Platon’un başta Devlet eserinde çocuk ve çocuk eğitimi üzerine ayrıntılı bir tartışma ve analiz yapılmıştır. Buradaki temel amaç devlet için sıkı tedbirleri hayata geçirmek ve sonraki süreçteki tüm aşamaları bu eğitim doğrultusunda sürdürebilmektir. Bundan ötürü Devlet’teki çocuk eğitimi çoğu zaman katı kurallarla donatılmış metafiziksel ideal bir düzen arayışındadır. Nitekim burada son derece zorlu bir çocuk eğitimi söz konusudur ki bundan ötürü bu eğitim sıkça eleştirilmektedir. Öyle tahmin edilmektedir ki Platon çocuk yaşta temel eğitimin bir parçası olarak devlet veya devlet yönetimiyle ilişkili eğitimin verilmesi gerektiğini öne çıkarmıştır. Dolayısıya sadece bu işi yapacak çocukların eğitiminden söz edilmiş ve bu süreç aşama aşama ortaya konulmuştur. Ancak Platon’un çocuk eğitimi üzerindeki görüşlerinde bazı değişimler söz konusu olmuştur. Nitekim Yasalar’daki çocuk eğitiminin daha esnek tutulduğu söylense de bu durumun gerçeği yansıtmadığını ifade etmek gerekir. Bu çalışmanın amacı Platon’un çocuk eğitiminin sadece Devlet ve Yasalar eserlerinin P4C açısından incelenmesi ve değerlendirilmesidir.
Carta del Editor
Authors: Islas Salinas Patricia
Published: October 2023

En este número se presentan cuatro textos que generan controversia, por un lado, se observa el punto de vista de dos autores que muestran las áreas de oportunidad que surgieron a partir de la necesidad del uso de las nuevas tecnologías para afrontar los retos que significó estar inmersos en un fenómeno que obligó a la humanidad a hacer una pausa, repensar y retomar los procesos educativos, mientras que en los siguientes la perspectiva mostrada gira en torno a una crítica hacia la modalidad virtual resaltando los obstáculos y retos a los que se enfrentan los actores de la educación para lograr un proceso enseñanza aprendizaje realmente efectivo, así como la visión étnica de la importancia de la educación informal que conlleve la conservación de la identidad cultural a partir de la visión de la educación de tipo informal contra la formal.
La Exploración de Tecnología de Realidad Virtual para Mejorar la Educación y la Capacitación
Authors: Gutiérrez Diana Laura
Published: October 2023

El texto “Experiencias efectivas” habla sobre el uso de la tecnología de realidad virtual (RV) en el campo educativo y sus beneficios para mejorar la enseñanza y el aprendizaje. Se menciona que proporciona entornos inmersivos que permiten a los estudiantes aprender de manera más efectiva que con los métodos tradicionales de enseñanza. Además, puede personalizar la experiencia de aprendizaje para cada alumno/a, a su propio ritmo y estilo. Es utilizada en diversos campos, como la educación médica, donde se pueden practicar procedimientos quirúrgicos de manera segura y controlada. También la realidad virtual puede mejorar la capacitación y el desarrollo profesional, permitiendo a los empleados practicar y perfeccionar sus habilidades en entornos laborales específicos.
El control espacial del migrante en la frontera de Chihuahua
Authors: Castro Álvarez Édgar Abel
Published: October 2023

El presente artículo trata de vincular las políticas migratorias de Estados Unidos y de México con la narrativa desarrollada por Michel Foucault. Se muestra cómo el racismo es el eje sobre el cual el Estado de biopoder ejerce sus pretensiones y sus efectos de poder sobre los cuerpos y sobre la vida. Así, la actual racionalidad política pasa por el manejo del cuerpo viviente de las personas, su salud y su espacialidad. Este principio llega hasta la función homicida del Estado. Dos acontecimientos ocurridos en la frontera de Chihuahua lo demuestran.
Tendencias de la violencia de pareja, escolar y laboral contra las mujeres en Chihuahua, 2003-2021
Authors: Rodríguez Hernández Rogelio , Castillo Viveros Nemesio
Published: October 2023

En el presente artículo se expone una descripción y análisis de las tendencias de la violencia hacia las mujeres en Chihuahua entre los años 2003 y 2021, tomando los datos de la Encuesta Nacional sobre la Dinámica de las Relaciones en los Hogares (Endireh) de los años 2003, 2006, 2011, 2016 y 2021. Los ámbitos elegidos para este análisis fueron la pareja, la escuela y el trabajo. Se observaron algunos aumentos, permanencias y reducciones del problema. A partir de los resultados se hacen recomendaciones para los futuros estudios sobre el tema y las políticas públicas de atención.
Una visión histórica de los Centros de Actualización del Magisterio del estado de Chihuahua
Authors: Torres León Alejandra , Jurado Campusano Norma
Published: October 2023

El Centro de Actualización del Magisterio (CAM) en el estado de Chihuahua tiene una larga historia. Data de la década de 1940, cuando el gobierno federal instaura nuevas políticas para la modernización de la educación. El CAM inicia como una instancia de formación de profesores de Educación Básica en servicio. Posteriormente pasa a ser una instancia para la actualización de docentes. Estos momentos estuvieron atravesados por las políticas educativas propias de cada época. Actualmente, el CAM cuenta con una Licenciatura en Educación Inicial; se encarga además de diseñar e impartir cursos de actualización para docentes en servicio y también para quienes aspiran a obtener una plaza en el Sistema Educativo Mexicano.
Proceso de restauración de la Virgen de la Soledad en la Iglesia de San Juan de Dios de Hidalgo del Parral, Chihuahua
Authors: Castorena-Sáenz Nithia , Manini Ramos María Fernanda
Published: October 2023

La Virgen de la Soledad se encuentra ubicada en el templo de San Juan de Dios en el sureño municipio de Hidalgo del Parral en el estado de Chihuahua. El proyecto para su conservación-restauración surge a raíz de la preocupación de la comunidad ante el estado de conservación que presentaba la imagen. La relevancia del proceso radica no solo en su solidez técnica, sino en el valor histórico y social de la pieza, características que le han garantizado su permanencia en la comunidad parralense. La Virgen de la Soledad está representada en una escultura de bastidor articulada de finales del siglo XVII y se encuentra estrechamente ligada con los orígenes mineros de la ciudad, una parte fundamental de su historia e identidad. A lo largo de los siguientes apartados se pondrá de manifiesto la importancia del vínculo que una comunidad establece con su patrimonio y cómo esta relación está estrechamente ligada al quehacer de la conservación, convirtiéndola en una disciplina científica y, a su vez, social.
Un dossier, una historia, un mundo: El mundo maya
Authors: Herrera Robles Luis Alfonso
Published: October 2023

Para este número especial, el dossier trata del Estado de Campeche, que de la mano de sus autores y autoras, presenta un estado del arte respecto a la vida de las personas que lo habitan, y las formas en las que se ha construido socialmente el hábitat. Por otro lado, el documento de documentos retrata el momentum de una región que se presenta como la cuna de una de las grandes civilizaciones y una cultura milenaria que se resiste a morir y que al contrario, se renueva constantemente. Es un esfuerzo por colocar algunos de los temas relevantes de una región del sureste mexicano que, en su lejanía geográfica, se acerca al lector a través de las palabras y las imágenes.
Un acercamiento a la leyenda sobre la creación desde la cosmogonía maya
Authors: Góngora Flores Jorge Javier
Published: October 2023

El siguiente relato es una interpretación personal de los antiguos y sagrados libros mayas el Popol-Vuh y el Chilam Balam, los cuales me han permitido conocer quién soy y de dónde vengo.
Remembranzas familiares de la casa maya
Authors: López Caamal María Eugenia , Meneses López Rafael Enrique , Ruiz de Chávez Figueroa María Concepción
Published: October 2023

El constructo sociocultural en los hombres y mujeres que viven en las localidades mayas, llamadas también comunidad, se nutre de costumbres y saberes propios de la crianza y se transmiten de generación en generación. Todas las personas prevén los hechos según los significados y las interpretaciones que atribuyen a esos hechos.
Moradas para el más allá. Élites rurales y fundaciones funerarias en época moderna: Lucena, siglos XVI al XVIII
Authors: Serrano Márquez Nereida
Published: October 2023

Este trabajo analiza una de las vías más recurrentes de promoción de arquitectura sacra por parte de las élites rurales en la Andalucía moderna: las capillas funerarias en templos conventuales y parroquiales. Tomando como escenario la ciudad de Lucena, capital del estado de Comares, se aborda la proyección de tales fundaciones desde sus múltiples aristas: la espiritual, la artística y simbólica, y la socioeconómica, que recibe un más amplio tratamiento al conectar el acceso a ellas y su proliferación con los procesos de venalidad y mercantilización de sepulturas
Fort Riley firing ranges and military training lands : a history and analysis
Authors: Story Madison
Published: October 2023

The US Congress codified the National Historic Preservation Act of 1966 (NHPA), the nation’s most effective cultural resources legislation to date, mostly through establishing the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP). The NHPA requires federal agencies to address their cultural resources, which are defined as any prehistoric or historic district, site, building, structure, or object. Section 110 of the NHPA requires federal agencies to inventory and evaluate their cultural resources, and Section 106 requires them to determine the effect of federal undertakings on those potentially eligible for the NRHP. Fort Riley is in north-central Kansas within Riley and Geary Counties. It consists of six functional areas, including the Main Post, Camp Funston, Marshall Army Airfield (MAAF), Camp Whitside, Camp Forsyth, and Custer Hill. This report provides a historic context for ranges, features, and buildings associated with the post’s training lands in support of Section 110 of the NHPA.
Is abnormal movement in lower limb amputees a predictor of chronic pain? A systematic review
Authors: Alsayed Khalid , Ding Ziyun
Published: October 2023

Background
Lower limb amputation is a life-change disability affecting millions of people worldwide. Chronic pain is a prevalent and distressing consequence of amputation, with varying factors contributing to its complexity. Altered movement patterns in amputees have been hypothesised to play a role in the onset and progression of chronic pain, but the evidence supporting this link remains inconclusive.
Methods
A systematic review was conducted following the PRISMA guidelines to investigate the potential association between altered movement patterns and chronic pain in individuals with lower limb amputation. Electronic databases, including PubMed, CINAHL, MEDLINE, and SPORT Discus, were searched up to July 2023 to identify relevant studies. Eligibility criteria were applied to select studies that focused on biomechanical studies of daily living activities, utilised spatial-temporal, kinematic, or kinetic data as outcome measures, assessed pain or discomfort using questionnaires, and were published in English peer-reviewed journals.
Findings:
Out of 223 articles remaining after removing duplicates, 18 studies met the inclusion criteria. The majority of studies focused on transtibial amputees and utilised walking gait as a functional task. Pain severity was the most frequently measured aspect, followed by location, duration, and interference with daily activities. The Visual Analog Scale was the most commonly used pain assessment tool, although the Prosthetic Evaluation Questionnaire emerged as a comprehensive tool capturing various dimensions of pain experience. However, evidence supporting a direct link between altered movement patterns and chronic pain was limited, with only one study indicating an increase in low back pain in transtibial amputees.
Interpretations:
The review highlights the complexity of the relationship between altered movement patterns and chronic pain in individuals with lower limb amputation. While some studies show pain reduction without significant changes in movement patterns, a comprehensive approach using multidimensional pain assessment tools and standardised modelling techniques is necessary to better understand their interplay.
Prion-Like Domain Dysfunction in SMN1 Initiates Aberrant hnRNP Assembly, Multiple Protein Aggregation and Causing Spinal Muscular Atrophy
Authors: Wang I-Fan , Ting Chen-Hung , Tsai Li-Kai , Chang Hsiang-Yu , Lai Hsing-Jung , Chen Chien-Lin
Published: October 2023

Many proteins linked to neurodegenerative diseases, such as tau, TDP-43, and alpha-synuclein, contain specialized segments known as prion-like low-complexity (LC) domains. Although inherited mutations in these proteins often occur within these domains, their exact role in neuropathology remains unclear. Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA), caused by loss of SMN proteins, is an autosomal recessive disease involving motor neuron degeneration. Herein, we found that SMN1 contains a prion-like domain in exons 6-7. Loss of the prion-like domain of SMN1 not only causes condensatopathy of gems but also disrupts the homeostasis of prion-like hnRNPs and triggers the protein aggregation of prion-like partners of SMN1, i.e., TDP-43 and PFN1, and motor neurodegeneration. Interestingly, SMN2, a near-identical gene, lacks this domain. We found that treating cells with a drug called baicalein enables SMN2 to adopt a prion-like structure, restoring phase condensation, eliminating TDP-43 and PFN1 protein aggregates, and improving SMA symptoms in models. In summary, the loss of SMN1's prion-like domain leads to a cascade of negative cellular events and motor neuron degeneration. Baicalein is the first drug identified to correct these pathologies by restoring prion-like characteristics to the affected proteins. Our findings suggest that this approach could be vital in treating a wide range of neurodegenerative diseases by stabilizing prion-like folding, normalizing phase condensation, and preventing multiple proteinopathies.
Empagliflozin-Associated Pancreatitis in the Setting of Hyperglycemic Hyperosmolar Syndrome
Authors: Borrelli Jenna Catherine , Cioffi Martine Anne , Martini Nora , Samarneh Majed Mark
Published: October 2023

Acute pancreatitis is the leading cause of gastrointestinal hospital admissions in the United States [1]. While there are variety of presentations, the majority to not require stay in the intensive care unit. Medication side effect is one large cause of pancreatitis. More recently diabetic agents have been linked to pancreatitis. Here we describe a case of pancreatitis caused by a SGLT-2 Inhibitor, Empagliflozin, and the acceleration into hyperosmolar hypoglycemic syndrome and ICU admission. We hope to provide more information for clinicians detailing the link and outlining the management in cases such as this which do significantly increase inpatient morbidity and mortality.
The Moderating Effect of Income Inequality on the Relationship between Economic growth and Political Economy, Human capital, Innovation, and Saving Channels in Ethiopia
Authors: Hordofa Dereje Fedasa
Published: October 2023

Background
This research focuses on examining the relationship between income inequality and economic growth in Ethiopia over the period from 1981 to 2020. The study aims to understand the various channels through which income inequality affects economic growth and explores the role of different factors such as political economy, innovation, human capital, and saving channels.
Method
To analyze the relationship between income inequality and economic growth in Ethiopia, the researchers employ the Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) model. They also conduct the Bayer Hanck (BH) Cointegration Test using four different methods: Engle-Granger, Johansen, Banerjee, and Boswijk. These techniques help determine whether there is a long-term connection, or cointegration, between the variables under investigation.
Results
The findings of this study indicate strong evidence of cointegration between income inequality and economic growth in Ethiopia, except in the Engle-Granger test. This suggests a long-term relationship between these variables. The researchers analyze various channels through which income inequality affects economic growth. They discover that income inequality significantly hampers economic growth in Ethiopia. On the other hand, the development of human capital, as measured by school enrollment, has a positive and significant impact on economic growth. However, other channel variables such as gross domestic saving, gross fixed capital formation, high-technology exports, general government revenue, and general government total expenditure do not exert a significant influence on economic growth.
Conclusions
Based on the research findings, the study emphasizes the role of government expenditure as a moderating factor that can mitigate the adverse effects of income inequality on economic growth in Ethiopia. It also highlights the importance of savings channels, particularly gross fixed capital formation, in fostering economic growth. Moreover, the study suggests that innovation, represented by high-technology exports, may indirectly influence economic growth by promoting the development of human capital. Overall, this research provides valuable insights into the intricate relationships between income inequality and economic growth in Ethiopia, exploring both direct and moderating effects through various transmission channels.
Multiparametric influences of 3D-printed organo-mineral scaffolds on bone regeneration
Authors: Touya Nicolas , Reiss Ségolène , Rouillon Thierry , Dutilleul Maeva , Veziers Joelle , Pare Arnaud , Brasset Ludmila , Weiss Pierre , Corre Pierre , Charbonnier Baptiste
Published: October 2023

Background
The development of synthetic bone substitutes that equal or exceed the efficacy of autologous grafts remains challenging due to a wide range of factors, including the nature of the bone defect to treated and its environment and the patient’s medical history. This study investigated the impact of the composition, architecture, and bioactive additives of 3D-printed organo-mineral cements on host tissue remineralization.
Methods
Printable cement pastes were formulated by combining hyaluronic acid and α-tricalcium phosphate or anhydrous trimagnesium phosphate cement precursors. Cementitious scaffolds were printed with rectilinear, triangular and gyroid patterns. After 7 weeks of implantation with or without bone marrow, multiparametric qualitative and quantitative assessments were performed using µCT, SEM, and histology.
Results
None of the setup strategies was as efficient as autologous cancellous bone graft to repair calvarial defects. Nonetheless, the presence of the scaffolds improved the skull vault closure (independent of the composition or architecture), particularly when the scaffolds were soaked in total bone marrow before implantation. No significant effect of scaffold macroarchitecture was observed on tissue mineralization. Magnesium phosphate-based scaffolds (MgP) seemed to induce higher bone formation than their calcium-phosphate-based (CaP) counterparts. They also displayed quick biodegradation, and sparse remaining material was found after 7 weeks of implantation (vs minor biodegradation for CaP).
Conclusions
Although further improvements are required to reach clinical settings, this study demonstrated the potential of organo-mineral cements for bone regeneration and highlighted the peculiar properties of MgP-based cements. Future investigations on organo-mineral-based materials should take into consideration the comparative baseline provided by these multiparametric assessments.
Effects of Process Parameters on Rheological Properties of Pepper and Tomatoes Purees
Authors: Fadeyibi Adeshina , Ayinla Zainab Ololamide , Ajiboye Rasaq A.
Published: October 2023

This study investigated the effects of temperature, time, and moisture content on the rheological properties (apparent viscosity, flow behavior index, and consistency coefficient) of stored purees of pepper and tomato. The purees were prepared using the hot-break method to have moisture contents of 85%, 90%, and 95% (w/v) respectively. The rheological properties were determined at an interval of 2 days for 6 days of storage durations and at 5°C, 10°C, and 15°C temperatures. Results showed that the values of the apparent viscosity, consistency coefficient, and flow behavior index of tomato puree were in the range of 2519.9-4324.6 mPa S, 258.0-550.6 mPa Sn, and 1.80 − 0.48 respectively. Also, the values obtained from the pepper puree range as 2105.6–4562.0 mPa S, 268.4-580.4 mPa Sn, and 0.22–0.48 respectively. The values of the apparent viscosity, flow behavior index, and consistency coefficient of the purees vary significantly (p ≤ 0.05) with temperature and storage time. However, the moisture content has no significant (p < 0.05) effects on the rheological properties of the purees. In addition, the flow behavior and consistency coefficient of the purees were observed to vary relatively with the apparent viscosity. The purees exhibited pseudoplastic behavior as the flow behavior indices of both purees were between 0 and 1. The optimum conditions for the processing and storage of the purees were in the range 13.21–14.42°C, for 2 days, 92.22–94.23% (w/v) moisture content for pepper, and 8.42–11.77°C for 2–6 days, 85% (w/v) moisture for tomato.
Association Between Outpatient Service Reduction and Mental Health Among Rehabilitation Specialists during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Taiwan
Authors: Chang Yu‐Hung , Liou Tsan-Hon , Hsu Chia-Hui , Tseng Yu-Chun , Chen Hsin-Yin , Chiou Hung-Yi
Published: October 2023

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted rehabilitation services, with potential implications for the well-being of rehabilitation specialists. This study investigates the impact of service volume reduction during the pandemic on the mental health, general health, and quality of life of these professionals.
Methods: A national survey conducted in November 2021 sampled 293 rehabilitation specialists in Taiwan. The survey inquired about work hours, workload, and changes in outpatient service volume relative to pre-pandemic levels. Mental health status was gauged using the Patient Health Questionnaire-2 (PHQ-2), complemented by self-rated general health and quality of life measurements. Multiple logistic regression evaluated the association between service volume changes, work hours, workload, and indicators of well-being.
Results: Accounting for gender, age, and workplace, specialists experiencing outpatient volumes below 60% and 60-69% of pre-pandemic figures showed increased odds of poorer mental health, with adjusted odds ratios (AORs) of 6.11 (95% CI: 1.43, 26.10) and 7.15 (95% CI: 1.52, 33.57), respectively, versus those above 80%. Yet, outpatient volumes under 60% were linked to a decreased likelihood of worse self-rated health (AOR: 0.35, 95% CI: 0.16, 0.82). Furthermore, work hours exceeding 48/week correlated with deteriorated mental health (AOR: 4.95, 95% CI: 1.04, 23.64) and quality of life (AOR: 9.57, 95% CI: 2.96, 30.96). Perceived work overload was also associated with poorer mental health (AOR: 2.93, 95% CI: 1.14, 7.49), self-rated health (AOR: 2.84, 95% CI: 1.52, 5.33), and quality of life (AOR: 5.74, 95% CI: 2.87, 11.48).
Conclusions: Rehabilitation specialists experiencing significant reductions in service volume during the pandemic faced an elevated risk of mental health issues. It is essential to implement supportive mental health strategies for these professionals to address these challenges.
An Intelligent Bearing Fault Diagnosis Framework: One Dimensional Improved Self Attention-enhanced CNN and Empirical Wavelet Transform
Authors: Dong Zhilin , Zhao Dezun , Cui Lingli
Published: October 2023

The complexity of the internal structure of rolling bearings and the harshness of their operating environment result in strong non-stationarity and nonlinear of the vibration signals. It remains a challenging and attractive task to accomplish more accurate classification through signal processing techniques and pattern recognition methods. To realize this aim, a novel one-dimensional improved self-attention-enhanced convolutional neural network (1D-ISACNN) with empirical wavelet transform (EWT) is proposed for rolling bearing fault classification. Firstly, the EWT algorithm is employed to decompose the raw signal into three frequency components, allowing for further extraction of multi-frequency components to enhance signal characteristics. Subsequently, a creative1D-ISACNN, which leverages the merits of new developed attention mechanism and an optimized meta-activation concatenation function in feature learning to better capture and map crucial information within the signal. Furthermore, label smoothing regularization is designed as the loss function of the 1D-ISACNN, which takes into account not only the loss of correctly labeled positions in the training samples but also the loss of other mislabeled positions. Finally, the adaptive moment projection estimation is designed to ensure a more robust gradient update strategy for updating the parameters of the proposed model. The developed model tested on three different sets of bearing data, has achieved a classification accuracy of 100%. The proposed method demonstrates higher recognition accuracy and more robust generalization capabilities compared to other state-of-the-art approaches to ablative experiments.
Influencing Factors of Hospitalization Expenditures in Patients with Budd-Chiari Syndrome
Authors: Liu Xinyu , Liu Yitian , Huang Mengqin , Zhou Jingjing , Wu Wenjian , Tan Zaixiang
Published: October 2023

Objective Thousands of Budd-Chiari syndrome (BCS) cases are reported in Jiangsu, Shandong, Anhui, and other places in China. It is of great significance to investigate and analyze BCS cases in high-incidence areas. The study aims to understand factors associated with hospitalization expenditures for patients with BCS.
Methods In this retrospective study from January 1, 2013, to December 31, 2020, we included 1748 patients from a tertiary hospital. Influencing factors associated with BCS hospitalization expenditures were evaluated by multiple linear regression model analyses.
Results Medicare began to have an effect on hospitalization expenditures when the patient's overall costs reached ￥15,000 or more and contributed more when the expenses were between ￥15,000 and ￥29,999. The length of stay in hospital for BCS did not always have an effect on total costs, but rather exerted an effect at the lowest (<￥15,000) and highest (>￥45,000) levels. In contrast, the type of surgery was associated with cost increase only at the lowest total cost level. Complications and discharge cure were the same and had an impact intermittently.
Conclusions To continuously reduce the hospitalization expenditures of BCS patients, this study suggests improving the health insurance system, shortening the length of hospital stay, controlling the types of surgery performed, and so on.
The discrepancy of antemortem clinical diagnosis and postmortem autopsy diagnosis of lung pathologies in under-five deaths and the reasons for discrepancies: a case series analysis
Authors: Leulseged Haleluya , Rees Chris A. , Alemu Addisu , Barr Beth A. Tippett , Dheressa Merga , Asefa Nega
Published: October 2023

Background: Diagnostic autopsy is the most reliable approach to definitively ascertain the cause of death and evaluate the accuracy of antemortem clinical diagnoses. Identifying diagnostic discrepancies is vital to understand common gaps in antemortem clinical diagnoses and modify antemortem diagnostic approaches to increase the accuracy of clinical diagnosis. The objective of this study was to determine the frequency of diagnostic discrepancies between antemortem clinical diagnoses and postmortem autopsies on lung pathologies and to understand reasons for diagnostic discrepancies among cases included in Child Health and Mortality Prevention Surveillance (CHAMPS) in Ethiopia.
Methods: A clinical case series study of deaths among children under-five in the CHAMPS study at three sites in Ethiopia between October 2019 and April 2022 was conducted. The antemortem clinical diagnoses and postmortem pathological diagnoses of the lung were compared for each case. Two senior physicians assessed the findings for both agreement and disagreement. The McNemar’s test was used to assess for statistically significant differences between antemortem and postmortem diagnoses.
Results: Seventy-five cases were included (73.3% male). Over half (54.7%) died between the 1st and 7th day of life. Sepsis (66.7%), pneumonia (6.7%), and meconium aspiration syndrome (5.0%) were the most common immediate causes of death. Half (52%) of cases were correctly diagnosed antemortem. The magnitude of diagnostic discrepancy was 35% (95% CI: 20%-47%). The most common contributing factors to diagnostic discrepancy were gaps in knowledge (22/75, 35.5%) and problems in consultation and teamwork (22/75, 35.5%).
Conclusions: Misdiagnoses were common among young children who died with positive lung pathology findings. In-service education initiatives and multidisciplinary collaboration are needed to mitigate high rates of diagnostic discrepancies among young children to potentially prevent future deaths.
Cryptococcus albidus fungemia and meningitis in very preterm newborn: case report and review of the literature
Authors: Aljehani Sameera Mohmmed , Zaidan Tasneem Ibraheem A , AlHarbi Noora Obaid , Alharbi Shurooq
Published: October 2023

Background: In the pediatric and neonatal age groups, infections from non-neoformans Cryptococcusspecies, notably Cryptococcus albidus, are rarely observed and isolated. C. albidus is an emerging fungal infection that causes severe diseases in immunosuppressed patients; furthermore, it has rarely been reported to cause diseases in immunocompetent patients. Several cases have been described in adults who were severely immunosuppressed. Importantly, the clinical syndromes in these reported cases encompass fungemia, meningitis, keratitis, and pulmonary and cutaneous infections. Individuals at risk include neutropenic patients, those with indwelling intravenous devices, those on prolonged steroid or antibiotic use, and those with impaired immune systems and prematurity. The susceptibility of preterm infants with low birth weight to infections, particularly fungal ones, remains a significant concern. This report presents a rare case of fungemia and meningitis due to Cryptococcus albidus in a preterm neonate, emphasizing the clinical significance and potential implications for future treatment and management.. This report aims to alert physicians of the rarity of C. albidus infections in pediatric patients and to review the clinical significance, pathology, treatment, and outcomes.
Case Presentation: We report the first case of C. albidus fungemia and meningitis in low-birth-weight preterm infants. Notably, the patient was admitted for lifesaving treatment from the Alleith Hospital due to prematurity. The blood culture grew C. albidus, which was sensitive to liposomal agents. The patient showed improvement following a six-week treatment regimen with liposomal amphotericin B at a dosage of 5 mg/kg body weight, notably without the inclusion of 5-fluorocytosine, and experienced no sequelae.
Conclusions: This case report underscores the importance of early diagnosis and appropriate antifungal treatment for managing rare fungal infections in vulnerable populations, such as preterm infants. Moreover, it highlights the need for improved diagnostic platforms and comprehensive management protocols for uncommon pathogens in neonatal settings.
Nutrient metabolism in ranging tropical dairy cows supplemented with multi-nutrient blocks with varying inclusion of Moringa stenopetala leaves
Authors: Worku Ketema , Janssens Geert
Published: October 2023

The formulation of multi-nutrient blocks (MNB) based on low-cost and locally available browse feed resources can be a valid feeding strategy in Sub-Saharan Africa, where inadequate feed supply, both in quality and quantity, is a major constraint. We evaluated the four different inclusion percentage (M-0%, M-25%, M-35%, and M-45%) of Moringa stenopetala leaf powder to multi-nutrient blocks on their change on blood metabolite of dairy cows under practical, ranging conditions. Multi-nutrient blocks with four inclusion rates of M. stenopetala leaves were applied as complementary feed for free ranging dairy cows. The study was performed on 24 free ranging dairy cows reared around Arba Minch town in the Southern Ethiopian Rift Valley. Blood samples were collected from the jugular vein of dairy cows both before and after supplementation. Plasma glucose, beta hydroxy butyrate (BHB), urea, creatinine, triglycerides, and non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) concentration was quantified spectrophotometrically. Dried serum spots were subject to quantitative electrospray tandem mass spectrometry to estimate changes in nutrient metabolism based on selected carnitines. Based on these measurements, the milk yield and body condition score were increased during the period of multi-nutrient block supplementation. During the supplementation period, the cows got higher plasma glucose, triglyceride, and urea concentrations and lower concentrations of BHB, NEFA, and creatinine. From the metabolite profiles, a more efficient nutrient use could be concluded. Although no clear dose-response relationship was observed, the highest inclusion of the M. stenopetala leaves in the multi-nutrient blocks gave the best performance. This outcome supports the idea of implementing M. stenopetala based multi-nutrient blocks on tropical smallholder farms that are not easily accessible to conventional extension services.
Mechanism of Corrosion Behavior Between Pb-rich Phase and Cu-rich Structure of High Sn-Pb Bronze Alloy in Neutral Salt Spray Environment
Authors: Zhou Herong , Wang Xiuyuan , Song Jialiang , Fan Zhiheng , Zhang LiMing , Shi Jingrui , Chen Jiachang , Xiao Kui
Published: October 2023

The corrosion behavior and corrosion mechanism of the Pb-rich phase and Cu-rich structure of the Sn-Pb bronze alloy in a high-chloride and high-humidity environment were studied. The phase
composition of the bronze alloy was analyzed by observing the metallographic and EPMA element distribution, the potential of the microstructure was characterized by SKPFM. The corrosion products and morphology results after electrochemical and neutral salt spray tests were analyzed. The results showed that the matrix structure of bronze material was composed of Pb-rich phase and Cu-rich structure (α(I) phase and (δ+α(II)) eutectoid). During the corrosion process, the rich Pb phase preferentially corroded as the anode and diffused towards the surroundings, while the rich Cu structure served as the cathode. In the rich-Cu structure, compared with δ, the α phase was used as the anode. The corrosion products on the alloy surface mainly included Cu2O, PbCO3, and Cu2(OH)3Cl. As the corrosion gradually deepened along the depth of α phase, the galvanic couple effect between α phase and δ phase and the “oxygen concentration cell” effect gradually increased.
Barriers and Facilitators to Primary Care Management of Type 2 Diabetes in China: A Mixed Methods Study
Authors: Tao Xuanchen , Mao Limin , Zhang Puhong , Ma Xinyan , Liang Zhenyu , Sun Kaige , Peiris David
Published: October 2023

Background: Diabetes mellitus has surged to become a global health emergency. The prevalence of type 2 diabetes (T2DM) in China is over 10%, affecting around 114 million people. Despite the inclusion of T2DM in the National Basic Public Health Service Program (NBPHSP), most people with T2DM experience challenges in achieving optimal management targets. This study aimed to identify barriers and facilitators of diabetes management from the perspectives of primary health care (PHC) service providers and recipients.
Methods: This mixed-methods study was conducted in Shijiazhuang City, Hebei Province, China. A quantitative PHC facility survey was conducted in all administrative districts and qualitative in-depth interviews were conducted in one district with government officials, medical staff, patients with T2DM, and their family members. Interviews were thematically analyzed, and findings were synthesized using Michie’s COM-B theory.
Results: A total of 197 village/community level PHC facilities and 66 township/street level PHC facilities answered the survey, and 42 in-depth interviews were conducted. The primary facilitators stemmed from the NBPHSP policy, which standardized the basic infrastructure, medical equipment (99% equipped with blood pressure measuring devices and glucometers), and medication for the PHC facilities, provided training on NCD prevention and control (95% received training workshops), and compensated the healthcare workers based on the quantity of public health service they provided. However, we found that PHC providers have become ensnared in a detrimental cycle characterized by inadequate capacity, overwhelming workloads, insufficient income, limited career development opportunities, and challenges in attracting young talents. Although all covered by the national medical insurance schemes, patients experienced capability constraints primarily driven by low education levels, advanced age, low health literacy, and a proliferation of misinformation. These factors influenced patients’ motivation to be actively engaged in care and contributed to inertia to intensify treatment and achieve their clinical management goals.
Conclusion: This study identifies several major barriers from the perspectives of both PHC providers and patients with T2DM. Our findings suggest there are substantial opportunities to strengthen the NBPHSP, including improving the capacity and the income level of the PHC providers, attracting and retaining skilled health workers in rural areas, supporting patients to improve their health literacy and take a more active role in their health care, and improving access to high-quality care through digital health approaches.
Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov (record NCT02726100, 03/22/2016).