bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Estrogen Enhances Recovery From Radiation‐Induced Spermatogonial Arrest in Rat Testes
Authors: Porter Karen L. , Shetty Gunapala , Shuttlesworth Gladis A. , Weng Connie C. Y. , Huhtaniemi Ilpo , Pakarinen Pirjo , Meistrich Marvin L.
Published: July 2009

ABSTRACT: Irradiation of LBNF1 rat testes induces spermatogonial differentiation arrest, which can be reversed by gonadotropin‐releasing hormone (GnRH) antagonist—induced suppression of intratesticular testosterone (ITT) and follicle‐stimulating hormone (FSH). Although exogenous estrogen treatment also enhanced spermatogenic recovery, as measured by the tubule differentiation index (TDI), it was not clear whether estrogen stimulated spermatogonial differentiation only by further suppressing ITT or by an additional independent mechanism as well. To resolve this question, we performed the following experiments. At 15 weeks after irradiation, rats were treated with GnRH antagonist; some also received 17β‐estradiol (E2) and were killed 4 weeks later. GnRH antagonist treatment increased the TDI from 0% to 8%, and addition of E2 further increased the TDI to 39%. However, E2 addition further reduced ITT from 7 ng/g testis, observed with GnRH antagonist to 3 ng/g testis, so decreased ITT levels might have contributed to recovery. Next GnRH antagonist—treated rats were given exogenous testosterone and flutamide to stabilize ITT levels and block its action. This increased TDI slightly from 8% to 13%, but the further addition of E2 significantly raised the TDI to 27%, indicating it acted by a mechanism independent of ITT levels. Plots of TDI for all treatment groups compared with ITT, FSH, or a linear combination of ITT and FSH showed that treatments including E2 produced higher TDI values than did treatments without E2. These results indicate that there was an effect of E2 on spermatogonial differentiation because of an additional direct action on the testis that is unrelated to its suppression of testosterone or gonadotropins.
Reduced Germ Cell Apoptosis During Spermatogenesis in the Teratospermic Domestic Cat
Authors: Jewgenow Katarina , Neubauer Katrin , Blottner Steffen , Schön Jennifer , Wildt David E. , Pukazhenthi Budhan S.
Published: July 2009

ABSTRACT:Teratospermia (>60% morphologically abnormal sperm/ejaculate) is associated with increased sperm output in the domestic cat. The objective of this study was to determine whether increased sperm production in teratospermic donors was associated with disturbances in germ cell apoptosis, the usual mechanism for sperm cell elimination. Apoptosis was measured by evaluating DNA fragmentation, expression of Caspase‐3, and anti‐apoptosis repressor with caspase recruitment domain (ARC) in the testes of normospermic compared with teratospermic cats. Testes (n = 6 males/group) were obtained by bilateral castration and immediately fixed in Bouin solution. Results revealed that greater than 97% of cells labeled as DNA fragmented were tubular regardless of male type. Fewer (P< .05) apoptotic spermatogenic cells per tubule (0.52 ± 0.11 cells/tubule, x̄ ± SEM) and per 100 Sertoli cells (3.79 cells/100 Sertoli cells) were observed in teratospermic compared with normospermic (1.25 ± 0.36 cells/tubule and 6.44 cells/100 Sertoli cells) cats. Among the spermatogenic cells, fewer (P< .03) spermatocytes were positively labeled in teratospermic (0.3 ± 0.07/tubule) compared with normospermic (0.83 ± 0.28/tubule) counterparts. Neither donor type differed in Caspase‐3 or ARC expression activity. However, each factor was both cell‐ and stage‐specific in expression. Specifically, Caspase‐3 was located in Sertoli cells, A‐spermatogonia, and round spermatids at stage V. The ARC was found in primary spermatocytes at each stage of the spermatogenic cycle. These results demonstrate that the high incidence of morphologically abnormal sperm in teratospermic male cats is accompanied by a reduced elimination of defective spermatogenic cells via apoptosis.
Exploring the Potential Role of Neuromodulatory Drugs in Radical Prostatectomy Patients
Authors: Mulhall John P.
Published: July 2009

ABSTRACT: Since the introduction of the nerve‐sparing radical prostatectomy (RP), potency preservation rates of between 20% and 90% have been reported. It is irrefutable that the nerve‐sparing status of an RP is predictive of recovery of erectile function. Bilateral nerve sparing is associated with superior spontaneous and oral therapy—assisted recovery of erectile function compared to unilateral nerve sparing, which in turn is more likely to lead to functional erections than non—nerve‐sparing surgery. Neural regeneration is the mechanism by which erectile function improves over time following RP. Although the degree of neural trauma that occurs intraoperatively is a determinant of long‐term recovery of neural function, biological factors involved in neural regeneration are likely important determinants of the completeness of neural recovery. Furthermore, these biological factors are likely a major reason for the interindividual variation in recovery of erectile function after this operation. Recently, the development of rat models of cavernous nerve injury has facilitated the study of neuroprotective and neuroregenerative agents. This paper reviews the current knowledge on pharmacological neuromodulation as it pertains to the radical pelvic surgery patient. The animal evidence is highly supportive of such agents' having a positive impact on erectile function recovery after RP. Human trial data are awaited.
Differences in Baseline Lymphocyte Counts and Autoreactivity Are Associated With Differences in Outcome of Islet Cell Transplantation in Type 1 Diabetic Patients
Authors: Hilbrands Robert , Huurman Volkert A.L. , Gillard Pieter , Velthuis Jurjen H.L. , De Waele Marc , Mathieu Chantal , Kaufman Leonard , Pipeleers-Marichal Miriam , Ling Zhidong , Movahedi Babak , Jacobs-Tulleneers-Thevissen Daniel , Monbaliu Diethard , Ysebaert Dirk , Gorus Frans K. , Roep Bart O. , Pipeleers Daniel G. , Keymeulen Bart
Published: July 2009

OBJECTIVE

The metabolic outcome of islet cell transplants in type 1 diabetic patients is variable. This retrospective analysis examines whether differences in recipient characteristics at the time of transplantation are correlated with inadequate graft function.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

Thirty nonuremic C-peptide–negative type 1 diabetic patients had received an intraportal islet cell graft of comparable size under an ATG-tacrolimus–mycophenolate mofetil regimen. Baseline patient characteristics were compared with outcome parameters during the first 6 posttransplant months (i.e., plasma C-peptide, glycemic variability, and gain of insulin independence). Correlations in univariate analysis were further examined in a multivariate model.

RESULTS

Patients that did not become insulin independent exhibited significantly higher counts of B-cells as well as a T-cell autoreactivity against insulinoma-associated protein 2 (IA2) and/or GAD. In one of them, a liver biopsy during posttransplant year 2 showed B-cell accumulations near insulin-positive β-cell aggregates. Higher baseline total lymphocytes and T-cell autoreactivity were also correlated with lower plasma C-peptide levels and higher glycemic variability.

CONCLUSIONS

Higher total and B-cell counts and presence of T-cell autoreactivity at baseline are independently associated with lower graft function in type 1 diabetic patients receiving intraportal islet cells under ATG-tacrolimus–mycophenolate mofetil therapy. Prospective studies are needed to assess whether control of these characteristics can help increase the function of islet cell grafts during the first year posttransplantation.
Characterization of animals with microchips entering animal shelters
Authors: Lord Linda K. , Ingwersen Walter , Gray Janet L. , Wintz David J.
Published: July 2009

Objective—To characterize animals with microchips entering animal shelters and the process used to find owners.

Design—Cross-sectional study.

Animals—7,704 microchipped animals entering 53 animal shelters between August 2007 and March 2008.

Procedures—Data for animals with microchips were recorded by participating animal shelters and reported monthly.

Results—Of 7,704 animals, strays accounted for slightly more than half (4,083 [53.0%]), with the remainder classified as owner-relinquished animals (3,225 [41.9%]) and other (396 [5.1%]). Of 3,425 stray animals for which animal shelters reported that the owner was found, a higher percentage of dog owners (2,191/2,956 [74.1%]) than cat owners (298/469 [63.5%]) was found. For 876 animals for which the owners could not be found, the main reasons were incorrect or disconnected telephone number (310 [35.4%]), owner did not return telephone calls or respond to a letter (213 [24.3%]), and animal was registered to another group (151 [17.2%]). Of 1,943 animals for which animal shelters contacted a microchip registry, 1,129 (58.1%) were registered in the database. Purebred neutered dogs whose owner information was in the shelter database registry or microchip registry had a higher likelihood that the owners would be found.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—The high rate for return of microchipped dogs and cats to their owners supported microchipping as a valuable permanent pet identification modality; however, issues related to registration undermined its overall potential. Bundling of microchip implantation and registration, point-of-implantation data registration, use of annual compliance and update reminders, and providing access to all registries are potential solutions.
Factors predictive of abnormal results for computed tomography of the head in horses affected by neurologic disorders: 57 cases (2001–2007)
Authors: Sogaro-Robinson Cristina , Lacombe Véronique A. , Reed Stephen M. , Balkrishnan Rajesh
Published: July 2009

Objective—To determine neurologic indications associated with abnormal results for computed tomography (CT) imaging of the head of horses affected by neurologic disorders.

Design—Retrospective case series.

Animals—57 horses.

Procedures—Signalment, history, clinical abnormalities, and clinicopathologic findings were obtained from medical records of horses examined because of neurologic disorders, and precontrast and postcontrast CT images of the head were reviewed. Data were analyzed by use of univariate and multivariate logistic regression.

Results—For a horse with abnormal mentation, odds of having abnormal results for CT imaging of the head was 30 times (95% confidence interval [CI], 2.36 to 374.63) the odds for a similar horse without abnormal mentation. For a horse with cranial nerve deficits, odds of having abnormal results for CT imaging of the head was 11 times (95% CI, 1.00 to 127.96) the odds for a similar horse without cranial nerve deficits. For a horse with seizure-like activity, odds of having abnormal results for CT imaging of the head was 0.05 times (95% CI, 0 to 0.90) the odds for a similar horse without seizures.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—These results suggested that alterations in consciousness and cranial nerve deficits were strong predictors of abnormal CT findings for the head of affected horses. Thus, CT can be a useful complementary diagnostic test in horses with these neurologic deficits. In contrast, alternative diagnostic tests (eg, electroencephalography and magnetic resonance imaging) should be considered in horses with seizure-like activity that do not have head trauma or cranial nerve deficits.
Pneumocephalus secondary to removal of an osteoma from the paranasal sinuses of a horse
Authors: Ragle Claude A. , de Mira Monica C. , Pearson Lisa K. , Coelho Joana C.
Published: July 2009

Case Description—A 2-year-old Quarter Horse was evaluated because of a progressive left-sided facial deformity and unilateral nasal and ocular discharge.

Clinical Findings—Physical examination revealed convexity of the left frontonasal region, left-sided nasal and ocular discharge, and decreased air flow through the left nares. Radiography and computed tomography revealed an extensively mineralized mass occupying most of the left paranasal sinuses.

Treatment and Outcome—The mass was surgically debulked, but complete removal was precluded because the mass was tightly adhered to the frontal and maxillary bones. Results of histologic examination of the mass were consistent with a diagnosis of osteoma. The horse developed transient pyrexia and colic following surgery, and postoperative radiography revealed gas opacities in the lateral ventricles of the brain, consistent with iatrogenic pneumocephalus. However, the horse did not develop any neurologic signs and was performing normally 2 years after surgery.

Clinical Relevance—Findings reinforce concerns that paranasal sinus surgery in horses can be associated with intracranial complications such as pneumocephalus. In horses with a mass involving the paranasal sinuses, computed tomography may be helpful in determining the boundaries of the mass and formulating a surgical treatment plan.
Use of phlebotomy treatment in Atlantic bottlenose dolphins with iron overload
Authors: Johnson Shawn P. , Venn-Watson Stephanie K. , Cassle Stephen E. , Smith Cynthia R. , Jensen Eric D. , Ridgway Sam H.
Published: July 2009

Case Description—3 adult (24- to 43-year-old) Atlantic bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) with chronic episodic malaise and inappetence associated with high serum aminotransferase (alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase) activities, high serum iron concentration, and serum transferrin saturation > 80% were evaluated.

Clinical Findings—Results of histologic examination of liver biopsy specimens revealed hemosiderosis in all 3 dolphins. Except for chronic lymphocytosis in 1 dolphin, results of extensive diagnostic testing revealed no other abnormalities. For each dolphin, a diagnosis of iron overload of unknown origin was made.

Treatment and Outcome—Phlebotomy treatment was implemented to reduce body stores of iron. Each phlebotomy procedure removed 7% to 17% (1 to 3 L) of estimated blood volume. Treatment consisted of an induction phase of weekly phlebotomy procedures for 22 to 30 weeks, which was complete when serum iron concentration and aminotransferase activities were within reference ranges and serum transferrin saturation was ≤ 20% or Hct was ≤ 30%. Total amount of iron removed from each dolphin was 53 to 111 mg/kg (24.1 to 50.5 mg/lb) of body weight. One dolphin required maintenance procedures at 8- to 12-week intervals when high serum iron concentration was detected.

Clinical Relevance—Although the cause of the iron overload and high serum aminotransferase activities remained unknown, phlebotomy treatment successfully resolved the clinicopathologic abnormalities, supporting a role of iron overload in the hepatopathy of the 3 dolphins.
Complex Function Differentiability
Authors: Pacharapokin Chanapat , Yamazaki Hiroshi , Shidama Yasunari , Nakamura Yatsuka
Published: July 2009

Complex Function Differentiability

For a complex valued function defined on its domain in complex numbers the differentiability in a single point and on a subset of the domain is presented. The main elements of differential calculus are developed. The algebraic properties of differential complex functions are shown.
Collective Operations on Number-Membered Sets
Authors: Korniłowicz Artur
Published: July 2009

Collective Operations on Number-Membered Sets

The article starts with definitions of sets of opposite and inverse numbers of a given number membered set. Next, collective addition, subtraction, multiplication and division of two sets are defined. Complex numbers cases and extended real numbers ones are introduced separately and unified for reals. Shortcuts for singletons cases are also defined.
Probability on Finite Set and Real-Valued Random Variables
Authors: Okazaki Hiroyuki , Shidama Yasunari
Published: July 2009

Probability on Finite Set and Real-Valued Random Variables

In the various branches of science, probability and randomness provide us with useful theoretical frameworks. The Formalized Mathematics has already published some articles concerning the probability: [23], [24], [25], and [30]. In order to apply those articles, we shall give some theorems concerning the probability and the real-valued random variables to prepare for further studies.
Histology of the Harderian Gland of Domestic Geese (Anser anser domesticus)
Authors: Boydak Murat , Aydin Mehmet F.
Published: July 2009

The objective of this investigation was to study morphological aspects of the Harderian, paraorbital, gland in domestic geese. Tissues were obtained from 9 male and 9 female adult domestic geese and processed for light microscopy. Tissue sections were stained with Mallory’s trichrome, silver impregnation, methyl green-pyronin, periodic acid Schiff, alcian blue (pH 2.5), alcian blue/periodic acid Schiff (pH 2.5) and Sudan black B staining techniques. Results revealed the Harderian gland of domestic geese was covered by a capsule, which contributed trabeculae that divide the organ into lobes and lobules. The glandular epithelium was multilobular, compound tubuloalveolar. The secretion of Harderian gland was mucous and the secretion type was apocrine; the gland emptied to the inner surface of the nicticating membrane by a single duct.
Apoptosis and Senescence – Main Mechanisms of Accelerated Aging of Haematopoietic Cells after Irradiation
Authors: Vávrová Jiřina , Řezáčová Martina
Published: July 2009

Haematopoietic stem cell (HSC) is one of the most radiosensitive cells in organism. In mice it is characterized as lin-Sca-1+CD117+ cell. This review discusses the role of HSC subpopulations in recovery of haematopoiesis after irradiation, and molecular mechanisms of reaction of HSC to damage induced by genotoxic stress, mainly to double strand breaks (DSB) of DNA. Various proteins are accumulated on the site of break, e.g. 53BP1 and γH2AX. Repair of the damage and related signalling is executed by many proteins, such as ATM, ATR, and DNA-PK kinases, MRN complex and proteins of homologous recombination and non-homologous end joining. Repetitive irradiation by low doses of ionizing radiation causes in HSC accumulation of proteins into so-called “ionizing radiation inducing foci” (detectable by γH2AX) and decreases repair capacity of HCS. Furthermore, two possible molecular mechanisms of HSC reaction to radiationinduced DNA damage are discussed – apoptosis and senescence. While majority of differentiated haematopoietic cells, leukaemic cells, and haematopoietic progenitors die after irradiation by apoptosis, in HSC also senescence was detected. It also seems that decrease in proliferative capacity of HSC related to old age is caused by accumulation of DNA damage induced by oxygen radicals in the pool of quiescent stem cells.
Serum thromboxane B2 (TXB2) Determination is Influenced by Sample Incubation Temperature in Healthy Beagle Dogs
Authors: Jerin Aleš , Seliškar Alenka , Lukanc Barbara , Butinar Janoš , Svete Alenka Nemec
Published: July 2009

The measurement of serum thromboxane B2 (TXB2) production by platelets is a specific test for assessment of platelet cyclooxygenase (COX-1) activity following administration of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of sample incubation at 37 °C for one hour on serum TXB2 concentration in comparison with incubation at room temperature. A total of 54 blood samples for serum TXB2 measurements were collected from six healthy beagle dogs into two separate serum tubes. While one group of tubes was incubated in a 37 °C water bath, the second group of tubes was left to coagulate at room temperature, both for one hour. Serum TXB2 concentrations were measured by ELISA. The mean concentration (± SD) of serum TXB2 in the group of samples that were incubated at 37 °C was significantly (P < 0.0001) higher compared to the group of samples incubated at room temperature, 1098 ± 346 μg/l and 550 ± 257 μg/l, respectively. The results of the study provide the information on serum TXB2 concentration in healthy beagle dogs and demonstrate that validated methods for assessment of COX-1 activity by measurement of serum TXB2 should be used in order to make results more reliable and comparable between different studies. The results of this study might be of great help in planning NSAID studies in dogs by providing the information that TXB2 generation by platelets is influenced profoundly by incubation temperature.
Antihyperlipidaemic Efficacy of Trachyspermum ammi in Albino Rabbits
Authors: Javed Ijaz , Zia-Ur-Rahman None , Khan Muhammad Z. , Muhammad Faqir , Aslam Bilal , Iqbal Zahid , Sultan Javed I. , Ahmad Ijaz
Published: July 2009

The objective of the present study was to investigate the antihyperlipidaemic efficacy of Trachyspermum ammi (L) Sprague, seed (Ajowan) powder in albino rabbits. Hyperlipidaemia was induced with butter ad libitum and oral intubation of cholesterol 400 mg/kg body weight. Simvastatin, (Tablet survive®) was used as a synthetic cholesterol lowering drug. The results suggest that 2 g/kg T. ammi seed powder produced hypolipidaemic activity, rendering 49%, 53%, 71% and 63% reduction in total lipids, triglycerides, total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol, respectively. However, at this dosage level 62% increase in the value of HDL-cholesterol was induced by T. ammi seed powder. Nonetheless, 0.5 g/kg and 1 g/kg T. ammi seed powder did not show antihyperlipidaemic activity. T. ammi seed powder at the rate of 2 g/kg and simvastatin (0.6 mg/kg body weight) were equally effective in treating hyperlipidaemia in albino rabbits. Moreover, this dosage level also significantly reduced the cholesterol content of liver tissue. It can be anticipated that the lipid lowering mechanism may involve enhanced removal or catabolism of lipoproteins, inhibition of HMG COA reductase, and/or inhibition of lysosomal lipid hydrolytic enzymes secreted by the liver.
Malignant Ovarian Granulosa Cell Tumour in a Ewe
Authors: Švara Tanja , Gombač Mitja , Juntes Polona , Pogačnik Milan
Published: July 2009

We describe a rare case of malignant granulosa cell tumour in an adult ewe, euthanised due to progressive weight loss. Necropsy examination revealed a neoplastic enlargement of the right ovary, multifocal neoplastic masses in the lung and spleen, and severe enlargement of mediastinal and iliacal lymph nodes. Histopathology of the right ovary revealed a malignant ovarian granulosa cell tumour with metastases to the lung, spleen, and mediastinal and iliacal lymph nodes. Immunohistochemistry confirmed histopathological diagnosis. Neoplastic cells reacted positively for CK MNF 116 and vimentin and were negative for CK 7 and desmin. To our knowledge this is the first report of a malignant granulosa cell tumour in ewe.
Spinal Fluid Collection Technique from the Atlanto-occipital Space in Pigs
Authors: D’Angelo Antonio , Bellino Claudio , Miniscalco Barbara , Capucchio Maria Teresa , Biolatti Cristina , Cagnasso Aurelio
Published: July 2009

Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis has an important role in the diagnosis of neurologic diseases. A technique for collecting CSF from the atlanto-occipital space in 20 pigs (body mass 150-160 kg) is described and the CSF values are reported. CSF was relatively easily collected from the cerebellomedullary space in all animals. The protein concentration and total cell count of CFS samples ranged from 20 to 32 mg/dl and from 2 to 15 cells/μl, respectively. Mononuclear cells were the predominant cellular type; a variable proportion of two different cell populations (monocytoid cells and lymphocytes) was observed.
Estrogenic Profile of the Svratka and Svitava Rivers in the Brno Area
Authors: Nekvapil Tomáš , Borkovcová Ivana , Smutná Miriam , Svobodová Zdeňka
Published: July 2009

Estrogens are chemical compounds considered to be endocrine disruptors. They are thought to affect the endocrine system even at low concentrations found in water (ng l-1). The aim of this work was to determine estrogenic compound levels in the rivers in the Brno area. The concentration of 17β-estradiol, ethynylestradiol, estrone and diethylstilbestrol was estimated in the water samples collected in the Svratka and Svitava rivers. Estrogens were isolated from the samples using solid-phase extraction with Oasis HLB cartridges and determined by means of reversed phase HPLC with UV detection. The detection limit of the method used was 6 ng l-1, repeatability expressed as RSD was 11%, and recovery was 87 - 103%. Estrogen values detected ranged in the interval of 6-209 ng l-1, depending on the sampling site. After treatment in the sewage water treatment plant, the water displayed markedly lower levels of estrogenic compounds. The results of the experiment demonstrate that HPLC-UV is a suitable method for determination of low concentrations of estrogens in water. The sewage water treatment plant reduces concentrations of estrogens but not sufficiently to prevent their estrogenic effect on fish.
Activity Patterns of Sand Fly (Diptera: Psychodidae) Species and Comparative Performance of Different Traps in an Endemic Cutaneous Leishmaniasis Focus in Cukurova Plain, Southern Anatolia, Turkey
Authors: Kasap Özge E. , Belen Asli , Kaynas Sinan , Simsek Fatih M. , Biler Levent , Ata Nihal , Alten Bulent
Published: July 2009

An entomological survey for sand flies was conducted from May to October 2006 in a village near an endemic focus of cutaneous leishmaniasis in Cukurova Plain, south Anatolia, Turkey. Standard CDC light traps, CO2 traps, sticky traps, mouth aspirators, animal-baited traps and human landing collection were used to determine species composition, density and nocturnal activity of sand fly species. BG-Sentinel Trap, a novel monitoring trap originally developed to attract mosquitoes, was also tested to investigate its efficiency for sand flies. Overall, 4 048 specimens belonging to four species of genus Phlebotomus Rondani et Berté 1840 and two of genus Sergentomyia França et Parrot 1920 were collected. Phlebotomus tobbi Adler, Theodor et Lourie 1930, the proven vector of Leishmania infantum Nicolle 1908 was found to be the most abundant (65.6%) species while P. sergenti Parrot 1917, the proven vector of L. tropica (Wright, 1903) in Turkey accounted for 0.1% of the sand flies that were identified. Other species, P. perfiliewi galilaeus (Theodor 1958), P. papatasi (Scopoli, 1786), Sergentomyia dentata (Sinton, 1933) and Sergentomyia theodori (Parrot, 1942) represented 31%, 2%, 1.5% and 0.3 % of the sand fly fauna, respectively. Aggregate population of sand flies was found to be the lowest in May. Population size rose through June and July, with the highest peak in August, and decreased through September and October. Among the traps used, CO2 traps were found to offer a more suitable and productive method than others for both estimating the species composition and the population density of sand flies in the study area. Studies on the nocturnal activity indicated that even the number of captures declined rapidly during dusk period, between 04.00 and 06.00 h, in general, no significant hourly pattern was determined neither the species prevalence nor the nocturnal activity of the species. According to statistical analysis the variation in hourly nighttime temperature did not influence the nocturnal activity of the species whereas the number of collected sand flies during nocturnal period was strongly associated with relative humidity.
Amino Acid Composition in Fillets of Mirror Crossbreds Common Carp (Cyprinus carpio, Linnaeus 1758)
Authors: Buchtová Hana , Svobodová Zdeňka , Kocour Martin , Velíšek Josef
Published: July 2009

The aim of the study was to determine the amino acid composition in fillet proteins of newly bred mirror carp lines. In the experiments, the Hungarian mirror carp (M2) were used at the maternal position. These were crossed with male carp of other breeds (top crossing). They included the Hungarian mirror carp (M2) for the production of a pure line, the Hungarian mirror line (L15), the Israeli breed (DOR70) and the Northern mirror carp (M72). The scaly hybrid of the Ropsha (ROP) and the Tataj (TAT) carp was used as a control. In view of the genetic specification of the carp groups monitored, numerous differences (P < 0.01 and P < 0.05) in the composition of specific amino acids (EAA: Val, Leu, Lys, Arg, Met; NEAA: Asp, Glu, Tyr) and their total amounts (EAAsum, NEAAsum) were found between the scaly control (ROP × TAT) and the pure line M2. Higher amino acid values were found in control hybrids. Compositions of amino acids in fillet muscle tissue of experimental mirror carp (M2 × L15, M2 × DOR70) were practically identical. Compared to the controls (ROP × TAT), these carp groups contained less (P < 0.01) Leu, Lys, Arg and Glu. A composition of amino acids statistically comparable with the controls (ROP × TAT) was found only in the M2 × M72 hybrid with the exception of Glu, which was found in smaller quantities in this hybrid (P < 0.01). In terms of sex differences, the greatest amounts of amino acids were found in fillets of male ROP × TAT controls, the amino acid compositions in male and female mirror carp were practically the same. In this type of evaluation, i.e. regarding amino acid composition, the only carp comparable with the ROP × TAT control is the M2 × M72 hybrid.
Analysis of nanoindentation curves in the case of bulk amorphous polymers
Authors: Beyaoui Moez , Mazeran Pierre-Emmanuel , Arvieu Marie-Florence , Bigerelle Maxence , Guigon Michèle
Published: July 2009

Load versus displacement curves obtained from nanoindentation experiments on polymers are particularly difficult to analyze due to their complex mechanical and especially time-dependent behavior. The indentation curves obtained on two amorphous polymers (polycarbonate (PC) and polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA)) show an increase in the indentation depth during load hold time. A non-linear time-dependent model shows that this phenomenon could be decomposed in a first part due to a viscoelastic response and a second part assigned both to a viscoelastic and a viscoplastic response. If the first part is not achieved, the values of the elastic modulus computed using the Oliver and Pharr method are abnormally high. If it is achieved, the beginning of the unloading curve presents an abnormality that is linked to the increase in indentation depth during hold load time. Nevertheless, if the load hold time is high enough and if the contact stiffness is calculated from the initial slope of the power fit of the unloading curve, the values of the elastic modulus computed using the Oliver and Pharr method are close to those obtained by tensile tests.
Mutual consistency of hardness testing at micro- and nanometer scales
Authors: Useinov Alexey , Gogolinskiy Kirill , Reshetov Vladimir
Published: July 2009

To a considerable degree hardness is an empirical value which depends on many details involved in the measuring process. In the present work, hardness values were measured in the depth range 2 – 800 nm using microhardness, nanoindentation and scratch hardness tests on fused silica, steel and sapphire. It is shown that overestimation of hardness values for steel and sapphire with the nanoindentation method can be directly related to the relative height of pile-ups observed on the topography image of the indentation imprint. It is also shown that the scratch hardness test is a promising technique for nanoscaled hardness measurements.
In-situ high temperature microstructural analysis during tempering of 42CrMo4 using transmission electron microscopy
Authors: Krause Christian , Springer Ronald , Gershteyn Gregory , Dudzinski Wlodzimierz , Bach Friedrich-Wilhelm
Published: July 2009

In the present work, investigations of the microstructural changes were carried out during hardening and tempering of 42CrMo4 (1.7225) steel. Using transmission electron microscopy, the hardened state was examined initially. Following this, the material was incrementally heated in a heated specimen holder to 580 °C. Diffraction patterns were recorded at regular intervals in order to analyse and document the changes from a martensitic structure to a ferritic structure. The characteristic tempering stages were identified for the material and assigned to a temperature range. Moreover, thermal activated diffusion processes were detected above 500 °C.
Mixing enthalpies in Ag–Ca, Ag–Eu and Ag–Yb liquid alloys
Authors: Ivanov Michael I. , Berezutski Vadim V. , Usenko Nathalia I.
Published: July 2009

The enthalpies of mixing in liquid Ag – Ca, Ag – Eu and Ag – Yb alloys were measured by isoperibolic calorimetry at 1300 K. The experimental data were used to calculate the mixing enthalpies within the total composition region. The results of the investigation show exothermic effect of alloy formation. The minimum integral enthalpies of mixing are – 23.5 ± 1.0 kJ · mol – 1 (the Ag – Ca system); –16.5 ± 1.5 kJ · mol – 1 (the Ag – Eu system) and – 21.5 ± 1.9 kJ · mol – 1 (the Ag – Yb system) and are located in the silver-rich composition regions.
Dilatometry revealing Si precipitation in Al–Si-alloys
Authors: Lasagni Fernando , Dumont Myriam , Salamida Côme , Acuña Jorge Antonio , Degischer H. Peter
Published: July 2009

The precipitation kinetics of Si after different thermal treatments in AlSi-alloys have been studied by means of isothermal calorimetry, differential scanning calorimetry and dilatometry tests. The measured exothermic and endothermic effects produced by the precipitation and dissolution of Si are correlated with the increase and reduction in the coefficient of thermal expansion CTE(T), respectively. The deviation of the CTE(T) of the studied AlSi1.1 – 1.7 alloys with respect to pure Al correspond to the volume fraction of precipitating Si according to thermodynamic solubility limits. Two different kinetics in the growth of Si precipitates are distinguished: while Si precipitates in the range of 200 – 300 °C during heating of solution quenched samples supersaturated with vacancies, retardation into the temperature range of 300 – 420 °C is observed in samples slowly cooled after solution treatment. The presence of the eutectic Si increases the quench sensitivity of the precipitation kinetics of Si as observed in CTE(T) curves. The ripening of the eutectic Si during prolonged solution treatment retards the Si precipitation slightly.
Changes in Buprenorphine Prescribing in Community Health Centers
Authors: Hartung Daniel M. , Voss Robert W. , Bailey Steffani R. , Huguet Nathalie , Muench John
Published: April 2024

This cohort study characterizes changes in buprenorphine prescribing among community health center clinicians between 2016 and 2021.
COVID-19 Vaccine Uptake in Undocumented Latinx Patients Presenting to the Emergency Department
Authors: Torres Jesus R. , Taira Breena R. , Bi Angela , Gomez Andrew V. , Delgado Cynthia , Vera Stephanie , Rodriguez Robert M.
Published: April 2024

This cross-sectional study examines COVID-19 infection status, vaccination uptake, and perceptions about the vaccine among Latinx patients presenting to the emergency department in California.
THAP3 recruits SMYD3 to OXPHOS genes and epigenetically promotes mitochondrial respiration in hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Wang Zi‐Hao , Wang Jingyi , Liu Fuchen , Sun Sijun , Zheng Quan , Hu Xiaotian , Yin Zihan , Xie Chengmei , Wang Haiyan , Wang Tianshi , Zhang Shengjie , Wang Yi‐Ping
Published: April 2024

Mitochondria harbor the oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) system to sustain cellular respiration. However, the transcriptional regulation of OXPHOS remains largely unexplored. Through the cancer genome atlas (TCGA) transcriptome analysis, transcription factor THAP domain‐containing 3 (THAP3) was found to be strongly associated with OXPHOS gene expression. Mechanistically, THAP3 recruited the histone methyltransferase SET and MYND domain‐containing protein 3 (SMYD3) to upregulate H3K4me3 and promote OXPHOS gene expression. The levels of THAP3 and SMYD3 were altered by metabolic cues. They collaboratively supported liver cancer cell proliferation and colony formation. In clinical human liver cancer, both of them were overexpressed. THAP3 positively correlated with OXPHOS gene expression. Together, THAP3 cooperates with SMYD3 to epigenetically upregulate cellular respiration and liver cancer cell proliferation.
Disrupting the interaction between a p53 gain‐of‐function mutant and the transcriptional co‐activator PC4 reverses drug resistance in cancer cells
Authors: Mondal Priya , Roy Kumar Singha , Bhagat Supriya Varsha , Singh Siddharth , Chattopadhyay Anupa , Ghosh Damayanti Das , Kundu Tapas K. , Roychoudhury Susanta , Roy Siddhartha
Published: April 2024

PC4 is a chromatin‐associated protein and transcriptional coactivator whose role in gene regulation by wild‐type p53 is now well known. Little is known about the roles of PC4 in tumor cells bearing mutant p53 genes. We show that PC4 associates with one of the tumor‐associated gain‐of‐function p53 mutants, R273H. This association drives its recruitment to two promoters, UBE2C and MDR1, known to be responsible for imparting aggressive growth and resistance to many drugs. Here, we introduced a peptide that disrupts the PC4–R273Hp53 interaction to tumor cells bearing the R273HTP53 gene, which led to a lowering of MDR1 expression and abrogation of drug resistance in a mutant‐specific manner. The results suggest that the PC4–R273Hp53 interaction may be a promising target for reducing proliferation and drug resistance in tumors.
Distributed adaptive parameter estimation over weakly connected digraphs using a relaxed excitation condition
Authors: Garg Tushar , Basu Roy Sayan
Published: April 2024

In this article, a novel distributed adaptive parameter estimation (DAPE) algorithm is proposed for an multi‐agent system over weakly connected digraph networks, where parameter convergence is ensured under a newly coined relaxed excitation condition, called generalized cooperative initial excitation (gC‐IE). This is in contrast to the past literature, where such DAPE algorithms demand cooperative persistent of excitation (C‐PE) and generalized cooperative persistent of excitation (gC‐PE) for strongly connected digraph, and weakly connected digraph networks, respectively, for parameter convergence. The gC‐PE and C‐PE conditions are restrictive in the sense that they require the richness/excitation of information over the entire time‐span of the signal/data, unlike gC‐IE condition where excitation is needed only in the initial time‐span. The newly coined gC‐IE condition is an extension of cooperative initial excitation (C‐IE) condition. While the C‐IE condition is applicable to a strongly connected digraph, the newly proposed gC‐IE condition extends the concept to weakly connected digraph. The proposed algorithm utilizes a novel set of weighted integrator dynamics, which omits the requirement of computationally involved multiples switching mechanisms in past literature, while still ensuring parameter convergence. The proposed algorithm provides global exponential stability of origin of the parameter estimation error dynamics under gC‐IE condition. Furthermore, robustness to unmodeled disturbance is also established in the form of input‐to‐state stability. Simulation results validate the efficacy of the proposed algorithm in contrast to the gC‐PE based algorithm.
Rabi‐Like Splitting in Acoustic Cavity Coupled with Membrane‐Type Metasurface
Authors: Sun Kangyao , Fan Yuancheng , Chen Shuang , Ye Zhehao , Li Zhichen , Zhang Qianyi , Fu Quanhong , Zeng Yali , Zhang Fuli
Published: April 2024

Rabi‐like splitting effect in acoustics is demonstrated in a hybrid metasurface. The hybrid metasurface is composed of a membrane‐type acoustic metasurface and a Fabry–Perot (F–P) cavity. It is found that the transmission resonance of the F–P cavity is modulated to spectrum with two peaks around the resonant frequencies. The transmission valley in the middle of the two transmission peaks is caused by the antiresonance effect, and the phenomenon is similar to the Rabi‐splitting effect in quantum physics. The results are promising for utilization in designing acoustic wave devices like filtering and acoustic sensors with new mechanisms in hybrid metasurfaces.
2D Free‐Standing GeS1−xSex with Composition‐Tunable Bandgap for Tailored Polarimetric Optoelectronics
Authors: Zheng Tao , Pan Yuan , Yang Mengmeng , Li Zhongming , Zheng Zhaoqiang , Li Ling , Sun Yiming , He Yingbo , Wang Quanhao , Cao Tangbiao , Huo Nengjie , Chen Zuxin , Gao Wei , Xu Hua , Li Jingbo
Published: April 2024

Germanium‐based monochalcogenides (i.e., GeS and GeSe) with desirable properties are promising candidates for the development of next‐generation optoelectronic devices. However, they are still stuck with challenges, such as relatively fixed electronic band structure, unconfigurable optoelectronic characteristics, and difficulty in achieving free‐standing growth. Herein, it is demonstrated that two‐dimensional (2D) free‐standing GeS1−xSex (0 ≤ x ≤ 1) nanoplates can be grown by low‐pressure rapid physical vapor deposition (LPRPVD), fulfilling a continuously composition‐tunable optical bandgap and electronic band structure. By leveraging the synergistic effect of composition‐dependent modulation and free‐standing growth, GeS1−xSex‐based optoelectronic devices exhibit significantly configurable hole mobility from 6.22 × 10−4 to 1.24 cm2V−1s⁻1 and tunable responsivity from 8.6 to 311 A W−1 (635 nm), as x varies from 0 to 1. Furthermore, the polarimetric sensitivity can be tailored from 4.3 (GeS0.29Se0.71) to 1.8 (GeSe) benefiting from alloy engineering. Finally, the tailored imaging capability is also demonstrated to show the application potential of GeS1−xSex alloy nanoplates. This work broadens the functionality of conventional binary materials and motivates the development of tailored polarimetric optoelectronic devices.
Adaptive Metabolic Responses Facilitate Blood‐Brain Barrier Repair in Ischemic Stroke via BHB‐Mediated Epigenetic Modification of ZO‐1 Expression
Authors: Li Ruijie , Liu Yilin , Wu Jihao , Chen Xiong , Lu Qiying , Xia Kai , Liu Congyuan , Sui Xin , Liu Yixuan , Wang Yiling , Qiu Yuan , Chen Jinsi , Wang Yi , Li Ruijun , Ba Yucheng , Fang Jiayun , Huang Weijun , Lu Zhengqi , Li Yanbing , Liao Xinxue , Xiang Andy Peng , Huang Yinong
Published: April 2024

Adaptive metabolic responses and innate metabolites hold promising therapeutic potential for stroke, while targeted interventions require a thorough understanding of underlying mechanisms. Adiposity is a noted modifiable metabolic risk factor for stroke, and recent research suggests that it benefits neurological rehabilitation. During the early phase of experimental stroke, the lipidomic results showed that fat depots underwent pronounced lipolysis and released fatty acids (FAs) that feed into consequent hepatic FA oxidation and ketogenesis. Systemic supplementation with the predominant ketone beta‐hydroxybutyrate (BHB) is found to exert discernible effects on preserving blood‐brain barrier (BBB) integrity and facilitating neuroinflammation resolution. Meanwhile, blocking FAO‐ketogenesis processes by administration of CPT1α antagonist or shRNA targeting HMGCS2 exacerbated endothelial damage and aggravated stroke severity, whereas BHB supplementation blunted these injuries. Mechanistically, it is unveiled that BHB infusion is taken up by monocarboxylic acid transporter 1 (MCT1) specifically expressed in cerebral endothelium and upregulated the expression of tight junction protein ZO‐1 by enhancing local β‐hydroxybutyrylation of H3K9 at the promoter of TJP1 gene. Conclusively, an adaptive metabolic mechanism is elucidated by which acute lipolysis stimulates FAO‐ketogenesis processes to restore BBB integrity after stroke. Ketogenesis functions as an early metabolic responder to restrain stroke progression, providing novel prospectives for clinical translation.
KIF11 UFMylation Maintains Photoreceptor Cilium Integrity and Retinal Homeostasis
Authors: Ran Jie , Guo Guizhi , Zhang Sai , Zhang Yufei , Zhang Liang , Li Dengwen , Wu Shian , Cong Yusheng , Wang Xiaohong , Xie Songbo , Zhao Huijie , Liu Hongbin , Ou Guangshuo , Zhu Xueliang , Zhou Jun , Liu Min
Published: April 2024

The photoreceptor cilium is vital for maintaining the structure and function of the retina. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the photoreceptor cilium integrity and retinal homeostasis are largely unknown. Herein, it is shown that kinesin family member 11 (KIF11) localizes at the transition zone (connecting cilium) of the photoreceptor and plays a crucial role in orchestrating the cilium integrity. KIF11 depletion causes malformations of both the photoreceptor ciliary axoneme and membranous discs, resulting in photoreceptor degeneration and the accumulation of drusen‐like deposits throughout the retina. Mechanistic studies show that the stability of KIF11 is regulated by an interplay between its UFMylation and ubiquitination; UFMylation of KIF11 at lysine 953 inhibits its ubiquitination by synoviolin 1 and thereby prevents its proteasomal degradation. The lysine 953‐to‐arginine mutant of KIF11 is more stable than wild‐type KIF11 and also more effective in reversing the ciliary and retinal defects induced by KIF11 depletion. These findings identify a critical role for KIF11 UFMylation in the maintenance of photoreceptor cilium integrity and retinal homeostasis.
Stereoconvergent Approach to the Enantioselective Construction of α‐Quaternary Alcohols by Radical Epoxide Allylation
Authors: Höthker Sebastian , Plato Annika , Grimme Stefan , Qu Zheng‐Wang , Gansäuer Andreas
Published: April 2024

We describe a highly stereoconvergent radical epoxide allylation towards diastereomerically and enantiomerically enriched α‐quaternary alcohols in two steps from olefins. Our approach combines the stereospecifity and enantioselectivity of the Shi epoxidation with the unprecedented Ti(III)‐promoted intramolecular radical group transfer allylation of epoxides. A directional isomerization step via configurationally labile radical intermediates enables the selective preparation of all‐carbon quaternary stereocenters in a unique fashion.
Betriebsingenieure ‐ Berufsbild und Innovationen im betrieblichen Alltag
Authors: Woppowa Ljuba
Published: April 2024

Am 11. Juni 2024, 10:00 bis 12:00 Uhr, laden die VDI‐Betriebsingenieure zur Achema Lecture in Raum Symmetrie 3 in Halle 8 ein. Die “VDI‐Informationsplattform für Ingenieure in der Produktion” ist eine Initiative der VDI‐Gesellschaft für Verfahrenstechnik und Chemieingenieurwesen (VDI‐GVC), die sich mit praxisorientierten Problemstellungen der Betriebsingenieure rund um die Produktionsanlage befasst.
Ökonomie und Ökologie im Einklang
Authors: Havighorst Lars
Published: April 2024

Auch für industrielle Kühlsysteme steigen die Betriebskosten und werden die Regularien strenger. Nachhaltige Innovationen in der Wasserbehandlung von Verdunstungskühlanlagen sind gefragt. Durch eine 100‐prozentige Substitution von chemischen Bioziden auf natürliche Mikroorganismen können Industrieunternehmen ökonomische und ökologische Vorteile nutzen.