bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Daytime Heat Wave Seasonal Variability over India
Authors: KUMAR PRAMOD
Published: May 2024

Around thirty percent of the world's population is already exposed to potentially life-threatening heat waves (HW) for a period of twenty days or plus yearly. The heat wave is not just intensifying, its spatiotemporal variability in the current climate crisis scenario is also persuading towards less warming-prone as well as the prominent warming regions. The present study is the discussion of seasonal variability in daytime heat waves (HW) over entire Indian states for 1991–2020 with the help of the NOAA Climate Prediction Center (CPC) global temperature dataset. The monthly variation of HW over India is observed, which clearly explains the more frequent occurrence of heat waves after the year 2000, especially during the months of March and July. However, the monthly HW distribution offers clarity on long-term events. March revealed an increasing trend of daytime HW in northern India, providing valuable insights into regional climate patterns.The month of July also evidences the rising rate of daytime HW, especially over the western and central parts of India. The seasonality index indicates that HW is rising during the months of March and June over the entire India as well. Understanding the HW seasonality of the entire Indian state will assist policymakers in designing regional-scale policies accordingly.
The anther transcriptome of cold-tolerant rice cultivars is largely insensitive to temperature changes
Authors: Yamamori Koichi , Ishiguro Seiya , Ogasawara Kei , Lubba Kayyis , Fujino Kaien , Onishi Kazumitsu , Sato Yutaka , Kishima Yuji
Published: May 2024

Many studies of stress tolerance in plants have characterized genes that show differences among a small number of lines with clearly distinct tolerance or sensitivity to the given stress. From the few cloned genes, it is difficult to genetically interpret intermediate tolerance or susceptibility levels and explain the complexity of stress responses and tolerance. In this study, we explored the changes in the transcriptome of anthers from 13 rice lines with different cold tolerance grown under control conditions or exposed to 4 days of cold stress to look for correlations between cold tolerance at the booting stage and expression levels. When examining the overall expression patterns in anthers at low temperature, the cold-tolerant lines tended to have relatively few highly expressed genes, and the expression levels of ribosome-related genes tended to be lower in cold-tolerant lines than in cold-sensitive lines. Importantly, we observed these different expression patterns between the cold-tolerant and -sensitive lines regardless of whether cold stress had been applied. Minimal expression changes under cold stress tended to be characteristic of the cold-tolerant lines, especially in repetitive sequences. We also identified unknown genes whose expression was cold responsive and common to all the lines studied. We conclude that rice lines whose transcriptome remains constant or insensitive in response to cold stress are more tolerant to low-temperature exposure during the booting stage than rice lines with more widespread expression changes.
Air Quality and Related Health Effects in Urban Areas of Iran During COVID-19 Pandemic Using AirQ + Tool
Authors: Ghobakhloo Safiye , Khoshakhlagh Amir Hossein , Gruszecka-Kosowska Agnieszka , Moda Haruna M , Fakhraee Ali , Alwan Nisreen , Tehrani Ashraf Mazaheri
Published: May 2024

The study investigated the impact of sudden frozen economy during the COVID-19 pandemic on air pollution and related health effects. The concentrations of PM10, PM2.5, SO2, O3, NO2, and CO for Air Quality Index (AQI) calculations were obtained from the Iranian Air Pollution Monitoring System in 7 provinces of central Iran between 2018 and 2021. AirQ+ software was employed to estimate health risk of respiratory mortality due to O3 exposure. AQI values decreased significantly during the lockdown (39.42%) and increased after (19.09%). Comparing to 2018–2019, air pollution in 2021 decreased by: PM2.5 4.73%, PM10 0.5%, SO2 50.4%, NO2 21.16%, and CO 10.84%. However, O3 concentrations increased during lockdown by 8.2%. Mortality due to O3 exposure increased during the lockdown comparing with the baseline in 2018–2019, except for Tehran province. Death rates due to long-term exposure to ambient O3 in investigated Iranian urban areas also increased. The use of air quality and emission standards is crucial towards the reduction of adverse health impacts associated with ambient air pollution.
Influence of the cross-equatorial Chaco-Northwest Africa pressure gradient on the South American monsoon
Authors: Menendez Claudio G. , Russmann Juan Eugenio , Giles Julian A. , Carril Andrea F. , Ledo Pablo Coria , Perron Remy , Turban Matthieu , Zaninelli Pablo G.
Published: May 2024

In December and January, the pressure contrast between the subtropical plains of South America (CHA) and northwestern Africa (WEM) reaches its maximum. This happens because of simultaneous and opposite surface pressure variations in these two regions. The low tropospheric winds flow from the tropical Atlantic into Amazonia and then divert southwards into the Gran Chaco region, suggesting a possible strengthening of this circulation associated with the CHA-WEM gradient. This article analyses the effect of a cross-equatorial CHA-WEM gradient intensification on the monsoon system of South America. The reinforcement of the gradient is associated with increased easterlies in the eastern equatorial Atlantic, a stronger low-level jet east of the Andes, increased moisture transport towards the CHA region, and reduced precipitation over much of Brazil. The large quasi-stationary wave in the upper troposphere, consisting of the Bolivian High and the Nordeste Low, weakens in amplitude, altering the return flow to the North Atlantic. Extratropical dynamics, such as Rossby wave trains that reach southern South America and the North Atlantic Oscillation, affect the variability in the CHA and WEM regions and modulate the CHA-WEM gradient intensity.
Camouflage Object Detection Based on Multi-Task Learning
Authors: Lin Di , Han Chunyu
Published: May 2024

Camouflaged object detection(COD) is an emerging and challenging visual detection task that can recognize and segment objects that perfectly blend into their surroundings. This paper introduces a novel multi-task learning framework(DEENet). It primarily features a dual-branch structure: one branch is the edge enhancement module based on multi-head attention mechanism, and the other branch is the semantic feature extraction module. We effectively utilize the gradient information to integrate two kinds of features through the gradient-induced transition module. Extensive experiments on three challenging test datasets demonstrate that our DEENet outperforms existing state-of-the-art methods.
A Computational Framework of Marangoni Convective Flow of Trihybrid Nanofluid with Thermo-Bioconvection and Oxytactic Microorganisms Based on the Extended Version of Xue and Yamada-Ota Models
Authors: Mohsin Bandar Bin , Abbas Munawar , Asamoah Joshua Kiddy K. , Rehman Muhammad Junaid U , Umer Muhammad , Mahariq Ibrahim
Published: May 2024

This paper exhibits a brief study of Marangoni convective, Activation energy, non-uniform heat generation, thermal-bioconvection and Oxytactic microorganisms, and time-dependent and stagnation point flow of MHD trihybrid nanofluid around a rotating sphere based on the extended model, referred to as the YOM (Yamada-Ota model) and XM (Xue model). The porous medium impact of Darcy-Forchheimer is included in the momentum equation. Some acceptable transformations are implemented to translate the governing system of PDEs (partial differential equations) and the relevant boundary conditions for computation. This model aims to evaluate the efficiency of two well-known trihybrid nanofluid models, Yamada-Ota and Xue. The shooting approach (BVP4C) is applied to derive the numerical estimates for the relevant differential expression system. The detailed analysis and simulation of trihybrid nanofluid flow patterns are facilitated by the variation in changing factors, which include temperature, velocity, concentration, and gyrotactic and Oxytactic microorganisms the profiles. The results indicate that the YOM performs significantly superior than the XM flow model in terms of heat transmission ability.
Galactia lindenii lectin type-II. Proposal of its potential use in diagnostic tools
Authors: Cortázar Tania M. , Vega Nohora A. , Reyes-Montaño Edgar A. , Ballen-Vanegas Manuel A. , Acosta Jinneth , Ricuarte Orlando
Published: May 2024

Galactia lindenii lectin type-II (GLL-II) belongs to the group of the legume lectins. The present study investigated the GLL-II staining patterns in histological sections of neoplastic and non-neoplastic thyroid tissues. Besides, hemagglutination assays (HA) using the GLL-II on red blood cells (RBCs) of different glycomic profile were performed, complementing previous results. The differential staining in Papillary Thyroid Cancer (PTC), Invasive Encapsulated Follicular Variant Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma (IEFV-PTC), Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT), and non-neoplastic thyroid with goiter changes, together with the HA results and along with reviewed glycoprofiles of unhealthy conditions in other organs, allowed us to propose the potential utility of GLL-II in lectin platforms used to discriminate human pathological samples from normal ones. The present study shed light on potential applications of GLL-II in determining alterations of glycosylation patterns in specific cells, tissues, or body fluids, as well as glycotopes biomarkers of healthy or pathological conditions.
Logging curve reconstruction based on multivariate feature fusion of Attribute Co- occurrence Relationships and BiLSTM
Authors: Song YunPeng , Zhang XiaLin , Li ZhangLin , Weng ZhengPing , Li Xiang
Published: May 2024

Logging data play an important role in resource exploration, but in actual production, the logging attributes are often distorted or missing, which affects the geological work based on logging data. In this paper, a multivariate feature fusion model is proposed to address the problem of insufficient extraction of the intrinsic correlation between logging attributes in the traditional logging curve reconstruction method. Analogous to the method of extracting texture features in images, the Gray-Level Co-occurrence Matrices (GLCM) and Gradient Co-occurrence Matrices (GCM)are used to extract some kind of co-occurrence relationship that inherently exists between attribute values and trends, the fused features are fed into the BiLSTM network as a priori features in conjunction with the original attribute features, and the missing data are reconstructed using the trained model. The purpose of using this hybrid architecture is to extract the correlations between logging attributes of human interest in a previous step of network training, and to translate this type of important information into a form that can be learnt by the neural network, helping the network to learn more directly about the effective features in the logging data. In order to verify the effectiveness of the model, this paper uses some common evaluation metrics to assess the feature extraction results and model effectiveness. The experimental results of the test boreholes show that the reconstruction results of this paper's model compared with some common machine learning models (XGBoost, RNN, LSTM, BILSTM) are improved up to 33.18% and 44.12% in accuracy (MAE), and 21.67% and 19.85% in relevance (PCC), which has a practical engineering has some application value.
Curvature effects on stimulated parametric down-conversion process: an analog model
Authors: Akbari-Kourbolagh Saeed , Mahdifar Ali , Mohammadi Hamidreza
Published: May 2024

In this paper, we utilize an analog model of the general relativity and investigate the influence of spatial curvature on quantum properties of stimulated parametric down-conversion process. For this purpose, we use two-mode sphere coherent state as the input beams of the aforementioned process. These states are realization of coherent states of two-dimensional harmonic oscillator, which lies on a two-dimension sphere. We calculate the entanglement of output states of stimulated parametric down conversion process, measured by linear entropy, and show that it depends on the spatial curvature. So, by preparing the suitable two-mode sphere coherent states, it is possible to control the entanglement between the output states in the laboratory. In addition, we consider mean number and Mandel parameter of the output states of the process and also, their cross-correlation function, as the convince measures of non-classical behaviors.
Gaps in In-situ and Ex-situ Conservation of Threatened Medicinal Plant Species of Sri Lanka; Towards Their Effective Conservation
Authors: Jayaweera C. L. , Rajakaruna R. W.M.T.N. , Jayasuriya K. M.G.G. , Yakan D. M.D.
Published: May 2024

Sri Lanka is a country rich in biodiversity, harboring 1476 plant species with medicinal values, 307 of which are threatened. These medicinal plants have long been a valuable resource in traditional medicine, reflecting a well-documented historical legacy. However, the fact that 20% of these medicinal plants are listed as threatened poses a major conservation challenge. This study addresses the need for effective conservation strategies for threatened medicinal plants in Sri Lanka. The study focuses on using Geographic Information System (GIS) technology to monitor the distribution of threatened medicinal plants in Sri Lanka, prioritizing the species and areas for conservation and needs for ex-situ conservation. Using comprehensive datasets on the distribution of threatened medicinal plants from scientific literature, institutes, and herbarium collections, we assessed the priority areas within existing protected areas for in-situ conservation and ex-situ conservation status in Government Medicinal Plant Gardens. The research highlights the significance of Sinharaja rainforest and Peak Wilderness Sanctuary (Sri Padaya) as important protected areas with high species richness, housing 68 and 83 threatened medicinal plants respectively. Our findings show that a substantial proportion of threatened medicinal plants are distributed outside of protected areas, highlighting the need of establishing new protected areas as well as expanding the existing protected areas to conserve these unprotected threatened medicinal plants. Ex-situ conservation efforts were found to be crucial, especially for overexploited and endangered species. Our study highlights the importance of integrating GIS technology into conservation management to ensure the effective conservation of Sri Lankan medicinal plants for future generations.
Hybrid Four Vector Intelligent Metaheuristic andDE for Solving Complex and Engineering DesignOptimization Problems
Authors: fakhouri hussam , Ishtaiwi Abdelraouf , Makhadmeh Sharif , hamad faten
Published: May 2024

Metaheuristic algorithms play a pivotal role in addressing complex and nonlinear optimization challenges. However, traditional optimizers often struggle to locate the global optimum in intricate problem spaces, necessitating the development of hybrid methodologies. This paper introduces FVIMDE, a cutting-edge hybrid optimization algorithm that amalgamates the innovative Four Vector Intelligent Metaheuristic (FVIM) with the proven robustness of Differential Evolution (DE). Designed to adeptly maneuver through the complex terrains of various optimization and engineering design problems, FVIMDE is tested and evaluated over three well-known benchmark suites—CEC2017, CEC2022, and a specially set of 50 benchmark functions. statistacel tests has been calculated including mean, standard deviation and the wilcoxon sum rank test. Further FVIMDE has been compared with state-of-art optimizers. Subsequent applications of FVIMDE to five intricate structural engineering challenges further validate its effectiveness. Comparative analyses against several leading optimization algorithms highlight the superior adaptability and robustness of FVIMDE, showcasing its exceptional performance and significant improvements over traditional methods in diverse optimization environments.
T2T-ViT: A Novel Semantic Image Mining Approach for Improving CBIR Using Vision Transformer
Authors: Thanikachalam Rajendran , Thavasimuthu Rajendran , Arulkumar V , Prabin S M , Saranya N , S Ranjana Devi
Published: May 2024

In the field of Image Mining (IM) and Content-Based Image Retrieval (CBIR), the significance lies in extracting meaningful information from visual data. By focusing on the intrinsic meaning within images, semantic features enhance the accuracy and relevance of image retrieval systems, bridging the gap between human understanding and computational analysis in visual data exploration. This research explores the fusion of image processing techniques and CBIR. The need for this research is based on the persistent challenges in existing CBIR systems, where traditional methods often fall short of comprehensively capturing the intricate semantics of images. The primary objective of this research is to propose a novel approach to CBIR by implementing the Tokens-to-Token Vision Transformer (T2T-ViT) to address the limitations of traditional CBIR systems and enhance the accuracy and relevance of image retrieval. The T2T-ViT model achieves exceptional performance in CBIR on Corel datasets, with a high accuracy of 99.42%, precision of 98.66%, recall of 98.89%, and F-measure of 99.35%. The model demonstrates a harmonious balance between identifying and retrieving relevant images compared to existing models.
Archaeology drawing generation algorithm based on multi-branch feature cross fusion
Authors: Zeng Xiaolin , Cheng Lei , Li Shanna , Liu Xueping
Published: May 2024

Archaeology drawing is a graphic recording technique that delineates the shape, structure, and ornamentation of cultural relics with lines, serving as a vital material in archaeological work and scholarly research. Aiming at the problems of low line accuracy and serious disease interference in the results of current mainstream image generation algorithms, this paper proposed an archaeology drawing generation algorithm based on multi-branch feature cross fusion (U2FGAN). The algorithm optimized skip connections in U2Net through channel attention mechanism, thereby constructing a multi-branch generator consisting of a line extractor and an edge detector, which separately identified line features and edge information within relic images before fusing them to generate accurate high-resolution line drawings. Additionally, a multi-scale conditional discriminator was incorporated to guide the generator towards outputting high-quality line drawings with clear details and intact structures. Experiments conducted on the Dunhuang mural line drawing datasets demonstrate that compared to mainstream counterparts, U2FGAN achieved a reduction in Mean Absolute Error (MAE) by 10.8–26.2%, while also exhibiting substantial improvements in Precision (by 9.8–32.3%), Fβ-Score (by 5.1–32%), and PSNR (by 0.4 to 2.2 dB). Experimental results show that the proposed method outperforms other mainstream algorithms in the task of archaeological line drawing generation.
Epipolar Constraint Guided Differentiable Keypoint Detection and Description
Authors: Li Xi , Feng Yulong , Yu Xianguo , Cong Yirui , Chen Lili
Published: May 2024

Sparse local feature matching methods have made significant strides in a variety of visual geometric tasks. Recently, the weakly supervised under epipolar constraint approaches achieve stronger performance compared to the fully supervised methods through the decoupled training describe-then-detect. However, such methods base on the policy gradient to train the detector, ignoring the reliability of the keypoints. Meanwhile, many of the sparse local feature matching methods place more emphasis on accuracy over speed, being unfriendly for real-time applications. To address these issues, we introduce the differentiable keypoint extraction and the dispersity peak loss to generate clean score maps and enhance the reliability of the keypoints in the weakly supervised method. Additionally, we propose a straightforward yet efficient model that achieves a good balance between accuracy and speed. We conduct experiments on multiple public benchmark datasets, achieving higher performance than existing methods. The code will be available at https://github.com/FYL0123/WSDK.
Terrestrial Laser Scanning in Forestry: Accuracy and Efficiency in Measuring Individual Tree Structural Parameters
Authors: Li Zhangmai , Qiao Qinghua , Han Zibin , Liu Xinyi , Wang Yueyang , Deng Lei
Published: May 2024

Tree position, tree height and diameter at breast height are extremely important structural parameters in forest sample plot surveys. Compared with traditional manual measurement methods, the advantages of terrestrial laser scanning (TLS) in terms of data acquisition efficiency and accuracy have led to its gradual and widespread use, but the research on the accuracy of TLS in extracting forest structural parameters is still insufficient. This paper analyzes the accuracy and effectiveness of TLS in extracting structural parameters (tree height, diameter at breast height, and location) using poplar and Styphnolobium as examples, using TLS, airborne lidar system (ALS), and combining with field measurements. The results show that TLS has significant shortcomings in measuring tree height due to observation viewpoint limitations and forest obstruction, but is more efficient and accurate for breast diameter within the observation range (radius < 50m): the detection rate of single-station TLS reaches 50–60%, while the maximum measurement error (RMSE) of DBH is 1.6cm; Furthermore, even with RTK support, the single tree location bias (M) of two independent TLS measurements is 0.11m. TLS is of great value in obtaining forest sample parameters efficiently, and this study provides a reference for evaluating the accuracy and reliability of TLS technology in forest sample measurements.
Brazilian Non-timber Forest Product Market and a study case of a potential species: Lippia origanoides
Authors: Silva¹ Thaís Miranda , Aguiar Cauana Silva Andrade , Goulart³ Selma Lopes , Silva Sebastião Cruz , Protasio Thiago De Paula , Oliveira Ximena Mendes , Mayrinck Rafaella Carvalho
Published: May 2024

The non-timber forest product (NTFP) market has been growing recently due to the increasing demand and the growing awareness of environmentally friendly products. The development of NTFP markets around the globe contributes to creating jobs in forest-based communities, circulating economies, and protecting the forests. The Brazilian NTFP market is a billionaire business, encompassing native Amazonian species with high market value in the north to exotic pine plantations tapped for resin and its derivatives in the south. Even though the Brazilian NTFP market is progressing, the country has a rich biodiversity still to be better understood regarding its ecology, preservation, and commercial applicability. Lippia origanoides is a species with no commercial value for timber but produces oil containing important chemical components for other sectors. The goal of this study was to offer an overview of the Brazilian NTFP market, and to evaluate the essential oil extracted from L. origanoides in terms of its yield, components and concentration for potential commercial use. Oil was extracted from flowers and leaves collected from different locations in the Campos Ferruginosos National Park. We found that the Brazilian NTFP market is growing. The main products are food-related, and the main producer states are Para, Parana, and Amazonas. Besides products from native species, the market encompasses NTFP from exotic species, which is very significant economically. L. origanoides oil yield, components and concentration varied with source and plant location. Its main components are in demand for the pharmacology, food, and cosmetic industries. L. origanoides can be an alternative natural source of these components to meet demand.
Large Language Multimodal Models for New-Onset Type 2 Diabetes Prediction using Five-Year Cohort Electronic Health Records
Authors: Ding Jun-En , Phan Nguyen Minh Thao , Peng Wen-Chih , Wang Jian-Zhe , Chug Chun-Cheng , Hsieh Min-Chen , Tseng Yun-Chien , Chen Ling , Luo Dongsheng , Wu Chenwei , Wang Chi-Te , Hsu Chih-Ho , Chen Yi-Tui , Chen Pei-Fu , Liu Feng , Hung Fang-Ming
Published: May 2024

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a prevalent health challenge faced by countries worldwide. In this study, we propose a novel large language multimodal models (LLMMs) framework incorporating multimodal data from clinical notes and laboratory results for diabetes risk prediction. We collected five years of electronic health records (EHRs) dating from 2017 to 2021 from a Taiwan hospital database. This dataset included 1,420,596 clinical notes, 387,392 laboratory results, and more than 1,505 laboratory test items. Our method combined a text embedding encoder and multi-head attention layer to learn laboratory values, and utilized a deep neural network (DNN) module to merge blood features with chronic disease semantics into a latent space. In our experiments, we observed that integrating clinical notes with predictions based on textual laboratory values significantly enhanced the predictive capability of the unimodal model in the early detection of T2DM. Moreover, we achieved an area greater than 0.70 under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) for new-onset T2DM prediction, demonstrating the effectiveness of leveraging textual laboratory data for training and inference in LLMs and improving the accuracy of new-onset diabetes prediction.
Development of Automated Proteomic Workflows Utilizing Silicon-Based Coupling Agents
Authors: Frey Connor , Arad Maor , Ku Kenneth , Hare Rhien , Balagtas Ronald , Shi Yuming , Moon Kyung-Mee , Foster Leonard , Ghafourifar Golfam
Published: May 2024

Automated methods for enzyme immobilization via 4-triethoxysilylbutyraldehyde (TESB) derived silicone-based coupling agents were developed. TESB and its oxidized derivative, 4-triethoxysilylbutanoic acid (TESBA), were determined to be the most effective. The resulting immobilized enzyme particles (IEPs) displayed robustness, rapid digestion, and immobilization efficiency of 51 ± 8%. Furthermore, we automated the IEP procedure, allowing for multiple enzymes, and/or coupling agents to be fabricated at once, in a fraction of the time via an Agilent Bravo. The automated trypsin TESB and TESBA IEPs were shown to rival a classical in-gel digestion method. Moreover, pepsin IEPs favored cleavage at leucine (>50%) over aromatic and methionine residues. The IEP method was then adapted for an in-situ immobilized enzyme microreactor (IMER) fabrication. We determined that TESBA could functionalize the silica capillary's inner wall while simultaneously acting as an enzyme coupler. The IMER digestion of bovine serum albumin (BSA), mirroring IEP digestion conditions, yielded a 33-40% primary sequence coverage per LC-MS/MS analysis in as little as 15 minutes. Overall, our findings underscore the potential of both IEP and IMER methods, paving the way for automated analysis and a reduction in enzyme waste through reuse, thereby contributing to a more cost-effective and timely study of the proteome.
Clinical significance of a patent foramen ovale in patients with pulmonary embolism
Authors: Pavlova A. V.
Published: May 2024

The phenomenon of a patent foramen ovale in patients with pulmonary embolism increases the risk of ischemic stroke. The clinical significance of this phenomenon should be taken into account to determine the diagnostic algorithm, management tactics and choice of secondary prevention. The prognosis of a patient with pulmonary embolism depends not only on the likelihood of recurrent pulmonary embolism, the formation of chronic pulmonary hypertension, but is also associated with an increased risk of ischemic stroke through the mechanism of paradoxical embolism due to the presence of a patent foramen ovale. A venous thrombus migrates through the patent foramen ovale as a result of the operation of an intracardiac right-left shunt. The purpose of the scientific review is to raise awareness of the problem of ischemic stroke in patients with pulmonary embolism. The results of studies and registries are presented, which reflect that the presence of patent foramen ovale increases the risk of developing ischemic stroke in patients with pulmonary embolism. Ischemic stroke can occur within 2–22 days after the onset of a pulmonary embolism clinic, and the risk of ischemic stroke remains within a year. Non-invasive transcranial dopplerography is recommended for diagnosis at the first stage of identification of the right-to-left shunt and is highly sensitive method (95–98%). Transesophageal echocardiography should be considered for the second stage of diagnosis. Thrombolytic therapy or surgical thrombectomy improves the prognosis for this category of patients. Тhrombolytic therapy may be given for up to 14 days in patients with pulmonary embolism. The use of thrombolytic therapy in the development of ischemic stroke becomes a possible option to improve the prognosis patients. The choice strategy for secondary prevention is important because patients have an increased risk of relapse.
Antenatal dexamethasone treatment and long-term programming
Authors: Shaitarova A. V. , Suplotova L. A.
Published: May 2024

Introduction. Congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) due to 21-hydroxylase deficiency (21OHD) is one of the most common autosomal recessive disorders, affecting 1:9000-1:15000 live births. During the last twenty years in most countries prenatal DEXtreatment has been used to prevent genital virilisation and androgen excess outcome on sex brain differentiation of XX-foetus with 21-hydroxylase deficiency. Fetal DEX-treatment for the prevention of prenatal virilization of genitalia in girls affected by classic congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) has been used in many medical centers worldwide since the mid-1980s. The treatment is effective in reducing virilization, but the potential long-term outcome has only been investigated in a minority of treated cases.

Aim. To study possible long-term effects of prenatal glucocorticoid treatment on children cognition and physical development.

Materials and methods. The prospective research of intellectual development patterns of 288 children from mothers prenatally treated with dexamethasone, and of 107 children (the observational group) from mothers, not treated with dexamethasone, with high biochemical markers of adrenal hyperandrogenism.

Results. Significant differences of frequency of overweight and obesity (p = 0.04); of intellectual quotients (p = 0.0004) in schoolaged children have been revealed in the treatment group vs observational group. The level of general intelligence of school-aged children whose mothers have been treated with dexamethasone in I and II trimesters of pregnancy is considerably lower than that of children from the observational group (p = 0.004; p = 0.0005, respectively). The tendency of correlation between IQ quotients of school-aged children and the initiation date of prenatal dexamethasone treatment has been established (r = 0.27; p = 0.004).

Сonclusion. Prenatal DEX-treatment at an early gestation can result in significant adverse effects on intellectual abilities and physical development of children furtheron.
Effectiveness evaluation of the complex therapy in subjects after acute rhinosinusitis treatment using quality of life measurement
Authors: Chaukina V. A. , Kiselev A. B. , Andamova O. V. , Avtushko A. S.
Published: May 2024

Introduction. The therapy to treat acute infectious diseases of the nose and paranasal sinuses aims to improve the quality of life throughout the disease course and prevent its complications. Acute rhinosinusitis follows a mild to moderate clinical course in most cases, which entails low medical aid appealability.

Aim. To analyse health-related quality of life (HRQoL) of patients throughout acute viral rhinosinusitis course and within 2 weeks after illness.

Materials and methods. A SF-36 survey was conducted 2 weeks after the date of recovery specified in the out-patient medical records, i.e., a 4-week period of life during which a patient experienced acute viral rhinosinusitis was to be assessed. The division into groups was carried out according to a retrospective analysis of the treatment regimen used. The test data were processed using Z-statistics. The Mann-Whitney U test was used to compare differences between the groups.

Results and discussion. Health-related quality of life depends on the disease treatment strategy applied. An observational approach comprising on-demand use of nasal decongestants and nasal moisturisers was associated with a physical health level of 30.55 ± 2.74 scores and a mental health of 32.59 ± 1.47 scores out of 100 scores possible. In patients receiving nasal decongestants and nasal moisturisers, antiviral drugs (regardless of the route of administration), and expectorants, the physical health level was determined as 34.76 ± 2.78 scores, whereas the mental health level as 33.26 ± 2.52 scores. The patients who used decongestants, nasal moisturisers and herbal medicines with anti-inflammatory and mucolytic properties for the treatment showed the highest scores in physical (39.02 ± 2.23 points) and mental health (34.35 ± 2.34 points).

Conclusion. Acute viral rhinosinusitis significantly impairs the patient’s quality of life both during the illness and over the following 2 weeks. The deterioration of the physical health component is accompanied by a comparable level of deterioration of mental health. In addition to nasal congestion, the subjective symptom complex in acute viral rhinosinusitis includes a physical weakness combined with pain and feeling of oppression.
Features of management of patients with acute tonsillopharyngitis
Authors: Vladimirova T. Yu. , Martynova A. B.
Published: May 2024

Introduction. The prevalence of acute and chronic rhinitis determines the socio-economic side of the issue and requires effective treatment and improvement of patients’ quality of life.

Aim. To study the effectiveness of the drug Strepsils® Intensive in patients with acute tonsillopharyngitis in different age groups. Materials and methods. 143 patients were examined, of whom 36 adolescents (mean age 14.7 ± 3.4 years) and 34 adults (mean age 29.9 ± 7.1 years) were selected. All patients included in the study received Strepsils® Intensive for resorption, one tablet every 3–6 hours (5 tablets per day) for 3 days. To assess the dynamics of complaints, a 10-point visual analogue scale (VAS) was used; additional assessment included mesopharyngoscopy data on the 1st, 2nd and 3rd days of observation. Patient satisfaction with treatment and the occurrence of adverse reactions were studied.

Results and discussion. Evaluation of treatment results using a 10-point VAS showed a significantly significant (p < 0.05) improvement in the well-being of patients in both groups when prescribed the drug Strepsils® Intensive. By the 1st day of treatment with Strepsils® Intensive, sore throat in adult patients decreased by 46% (4.1 ± 0.3 points) (p < 0.05). The dynamics of the severity of sore throat in the group of adolescents decreased by 60.2% (5.3 ± 0.1 points). There was a decrease in difficulty swallowing by 50% in adults and by 60.5% in adolescents. By the end of the observation, the pharyngoscopy picture was normalized in both groups in 97% of cases. Patient satisfaction with the effectiveness of treatment was rated as excellent in 95.7% (n = 67), and as average in 4.3% (n = 3).

Conclusions. The use of the drug Strepsils® Intensive is advisable in the treatment of acute tonsillopharyngitis in adolescents and adults against the background of ARVI as an effective means of relieving the severity of symptoms.
External otitis media: modern possibilities for improving the effectiveness of treatment and the quality of life of patients
Authors: Korkmazov M. Yu. , Gizinger O. A. , Kornova N. V. , Zyryanova K. S. , Korkmazov A. M.
Published: May 2024

Introduction. Polyethologicity of otitis externa with inflammation of the auricle, ear canal and outer layer of the eardrum, persistent course and high probability of recurrence necessitates improved treatment.

Aim. To evaluate the effectiveness of the use and the impact on the quality of life of combined ear drops with antimicrobial and local anesthetic effects.

Materials and methods. A simple randomized controlled clinical trial involved 56 people, including 25 women and 31 men aged 32 to 56 years, suffering from acute diffuse otitis externa. Clinical efficacy, recovery time and impact on quality of life were evaluated in two groups: groups 1 (n = 27), patients receiving ear drops containing choline acetate as local therapy, with group 2 (n = 29) taking a multicomponent drug containing polymyxin B sulfate 1,000,000 IU, neomycin sulfate 0.5 g (375,000 IU) and lidocaine hydrochloride in the form of ear drops. The assessment of otalgia, hearing loss and discharge from the external auditory canal was carried out on the VAS, quality of life scale using the SF-36 general questionnaires.

Results and discussion. There was a positive dynamic of clinical manifestations and restoration of quality-of-life indicators in a shorter period (3rd, 5th day) with the disappearance of all the main clinical symptoms (7th day) with good tolerability and absence of side effects in the second group of patients taking the multicomponent drug.

Conclusions. The use of ear drops containing a combination of topical antimicrobial drugs with an anesthetic in the complex therapy of otitis externa significantly improved the clinical symptoms and quality of life of patients.
Key issues of acute rhinosinusitis
Authors: Krivopalov A. A. , Arustamyan I. G. , Krasheninnikova L. S.
Published: May 2024

Introduction. There is a clear need to discuss separate issues related to acute rhinosinusitis. The rationale is that prevalence rates of the disease remain high. At the same time, the incidence rates are growing globally, including Russia, Europe, the USA and Asia. Apart from that, acute rhinosinusitis significantly deteriorates the patients’ quality of life, causing physical, emotional and professional malaise. Moreover, the complications of acute rhinosinusitis may have serious consequences, and the economic costs to society are significant, including both explicit and implicit costs.

Aim. To raise the level of awareness of otolaryngologists about current issues of acute rhinosinusitis based on the analysis and synthesis of literary sources.

Materials and methods. An analysis of the published literature on the cause-and-effect relationship between the development and features of acute rhinosinusitis in the specialized academic research databases RSCI, eLibrary.Ru, Scopus, Web of Science, Medline over the last ten-year period was carried out.

Results and discussion. We presented a brief overview of the etiology, epidemiology, risk factors, and diagnostic methods of acute rhinosinusitis based on the results of scientific literature review. The issues of treatment and prevention strategies, problems of antibiotic resistance are considered. The article brings to the fore the issues related to risk factors, among which it highlights an increasing incidence of acute respiratory viral infections, environmental and lifestyle influences. Modern diagnostic methods are addressed. We also emphasized the issues of improvement of clinical guidelines with a focus on recent research, stressed the importance of an individual approach to each patient, taking into account the severity and features of the course of the disease in individual patients.

Conclusions. The paper considers a conceptual solution for providing medical care to patients with acute rhinosinusitis, which is based on the principles of evidence-based medicine and is regulated by legitimate clinical guidelines, both issued before and currently in force, including international ones.
Mesenchymal stromal cells based bioengineered implants in vocal folds and tympanic membrane restoration (рilot experimental results)
Authors: Svistushkin M. V. , Bakulina A. A. , Bikmulina P. Yu. , Zolotova A. V. , Selezneva L. V. , Shevchik E. A. , Kochetkov P. A. , Serejnikova N. B. , Nikiforova A. N. , Tychkina I. A. , Shpichka A. I, , Svistushkin V. M. , Timashev P. S.
Published: May 2024

Introduction. One of the most pressing issues of modern otorhinolaryngology is the problem of the formation of persistent defects of the vocal cords and tympanic membrane. This state of affairs is due to the variety of reasons that cause the development of these conditions, as well as the fact that the treatment of these processes, as a rule, is a technically complex task and is not always effective.

Aim. Experimental evaluation of the possibility of using bioengineered implants based on MSCs, PEG-fibrin gel and collagen matrix to restore defects in vibrating tissues of ENT organs – vocal folds and tympanic membrane.

Materials and methods. For the experiment on vocal fold restoration, 6 rabbits were selected, divided equally into 2 groups. After the formation of the vocal fold scar, a bioequivalent was implanted: spheroids based on MSCs + PEG-fibrin gel (group – VF-spheroids, n = 3) in a volume of 0.5 ml, for the control group, the role of bioequivalent was performed by saline solution (VF-control group, n = 3). For the eardrum repair experiment, 6 chinchillas were selected, divided equally into 2 groups. At the first stage, a persistent chronic perforation was created, on which either no intervention was carried out (ED-control group, n = 3), or the perforation was closed using a bioequivalent based on MSC spheroids, PEG-fibrin gel and collagen matrix (ED-spheroid group, n = 3).

Results and discussion. Endoscopic and morphological examination revealed a more complete restoration of tissue structure in the treatment groups compared to the control groups.

Conclusion. Implantation of the developed bioequivalents in the sites of vocal fold and tympanic membrane injury leads to the formation of tissue morphologically similar to the structure of intact structures.
Microribonucleic acids as potential markers in cardiovascular diseases
Authors: Balbutsky A. V. , Revishvili A. Sh. , Zemskov V. M. , Solovyova M. S. , Kozlova M. N. , Shishkina N. S. , Popov V. A. , Plotnikov G. P. , Zemskov A. M. , Demidova V. S. , Suchkov S. V. , Vasiliev O. S.
Published: May 2024

Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are one of the most common causes of death in the developed as well as in the developing world. Despite improvements in primary prevention, the prevalence of CVD has continued to rise in recent years. Thus, the issues of molecular pathophysiology of CVD and search for new biomarkers related to early and reliable prevention and diagnosis of these diseases still hold relevance today. New genomic techniques provide innovative tools to solve this problem. A research of the current scientific literature clearly indicates that among transcriptomic biomarkers, micro-ribonucleic acids (miRNAs) are the most promising. The microRNAs (miRNAs) are small (~22 nucleotides) non-coding RNAs which regulate gene expression at the post-transcriptional level via inhibition of the translation of messenger RNA (mRNA) or by inducing the degradation of specific miRNAs. The lack of consensus regarding methodologies used for miRNA quantification is one of the main limiting factors in the application of these transcripts. Various studies have proposed the use of circulating miRNAs as biological markers of the acute coronary syndrome, coronary artery disease, heart failure, arrhythmias, myocardial infarction, etc. MiRNAs are involved in many cellular processes such as proliferation, vasculogenesis, apoptosis, cell growth and differentiation, and tumorigenesis.This review considers the most fully studied and clinically significant miRNAs, which physiological role makes them potential biomarkers for various CVDs.
Nasal irrigation during seasonal epidemics of influenza and acute respiratory viral infections
Authors: Svistushkin V. M. , Mokoyan Zh. T. , Sagova D. I.
Published: May 2024

Nasal irrigation is one of the most common recommendations for the treatment of patients with a wide variety of rhinologic diseases. First described in ancient Indian Ayurvedic papers, rinsing the nasal cavity with saline solutions remains relevant today with all the variety of available modern medications for local use. Nasal irrigation is a safe and effective method for the treatment and prevention of acute respiratory viral infections. The preventive use of nasal saline is especially important during the seasonal rise in the incidence of acute respiratory viral infections and influenza. Nasal irrigation reduces the viscosity of mucus and promotes its faster elimination along with pathogens fixed in it. Moreover, the use of isotonic saline solutions increases the effectiveness of the mucociliary clearance and reduces the concentration of local inflammatory mediators and cytokines. Acute upper respiratory tract infections, including common cold and acute rhinosinusitis, are common diseases that cause significant discomfort and are a common cause of temporary disability during periods of increased incidence of acute respiratory viral infections. Despite the fact that treatment of acute upper respiratory tract infections in most cases involves only symptomatic therapy the use of antipyretic drugs, sufficient fluid intake, local elimination and irrigation therapy is often used as adjuvant therapy in this group of patients. At the same time, it is quite difficult to assess the effectiveness of nasal lavage in clinical practice from the standpoint of evidence-based medicine. The purpose of this review is to analyze modern clinical studies and topical reviews assessing the effectiveness of nasal irrigation for various pathologies with a more detailed analysis of the effectiveness of this method for the treatment of patients with acute upper respiratory tract infections and as a preventive measure during the season of epidemic rise in the incidence of acute upper respiratory tract infections.