bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Core Modulation of 70‐Nuclei Core‐Shell Silver Nanoclusters
Authors: Liu Jia‐Wei , Wang Zhi , Chai Yu‐Ming , Kurmoo Mohamedally , Zhao Quan‐Qin , Wang Xing‐Po , Tung Chen‐Ho , Sun Di
Published: February 2019

The reaction of {(HNEt3)2[Ag10(tBuC6H4S)12]}n, Ag2O, Na2MoO4, and m‐methoxybenzoic acid (Hmbc) in CH3OH/CH2Cl2 led to yellow crystals of [Ag4S4 (MoO4)5@Ag66] (SD/Ag70b; SD=SunDi) only, while in the presence of DMF, additional dark‐red crystals of [Ag10@ (MoO4)7@Ag60] (SD/Ag70a) were obtained. SD/Ag70b consists of five MoO42− ions wrapped by a shell of 66 Ag atoms, while SD/Ag70a contains a rare Ag10 kernel consisting of five tetrahedra sharing faces and edges, surrounded by seven MoO42− ions enclosed in a shell of 60 Ag atoms. The formation of the Ag10 kernel originates from a reduction reaction during the self‐assembly process that involves DMF. This work provides the structural information of a unique Ag10 kernel (five fused Ag4 tetrahedra) and paves an avenue to trap elusive silver species with hierarchical multi‐shell silver nanocluster assemblies with the help of anion templates.
Enhanced Circularly Polarized Luminescence from Reorganized Chiral Emitters on the Skeleton of a Zeolitic Imidazolate Framework
Authors: Zhao Tonghan , Han Jianlei , Jin Xue , Liu Yan , Liu Minghua , Duan Pengfei
Published: February 2019

A chiral zeolitic imidazolate framework (ZIF) showing circularly polarized luminescence (CPL) has been successfully constructed by blending binapthyl‐derived chiral emitters with ZIF‐8 rhombic dodecahedron nanoparticles. This approach solves a major trade‐off in CPL‐active materials: the large luminescence dissymmetry factor (glum) always suffers from suppression of luminescence efficiency. Compared to the optical properties of chiral emitters, the obtained chiral ZIF nanomaterials showed an enhanced fluorescence efficiency while the |glum| value is significantly amplified by one order of magnitude. Additionally, enantioselective fluorescence sensing in response to α‐hydroxycarboxylic acids has been enhanced in chiral ZIFs. Reorganization and conjunction of chiral emitters to the skeleton of ZIF nanoparticles can greatly improve both the luminescence quantum yield and circularly polarization, which facilitates the design of more efficient chiroptical materials.
Asymmetric Total Syntheses of the Akuammiline Alkaloids (−)‐Strictamine and (−)‐Rhazinoline
Authors: Li Wenfei , Chen Zhitao , Yu Di , Peng Xin , Wen Guohua , Wang Siqi , Xue Fei , Liu Xiao‐Yu , Qin Yong
Published: February 2019

Strictamine and rhazinoline are representative methanoquinolizidine‐containing akuammiline alkaloids that possess different stereochemistry at the C16 position. A unified approach to the enantioselective total syntheses of these two molecules is described. The key steps in this synthesis include a photocatalytic intra/intermolecular type II radical cascade reaction, a Tsuji–Trost allylation, a palladium‐ or nickel‐mediated cyclization, and a late‐stage intramolecular N‐alkylation reaction.
The Dual Role of Benzophenone in Visible‐Light/Nickel Photoredox‐Catalyzed C−H Arylations: Hydrogen‐Atom Transfer and Energy Transfer
Authors: Dewanji Abhishek , Krach Patricia E. , Rueping Magnus
Published: February 2019

A dual catalytic protocol for the direct arylation of non‐activated C(sp3)−H bonds has been developed. Upon photochemical excitation, the excited triplet state of a diaryl ketone photosensitizer abstracts a hydrogen atom from an aliphatic C−H bond. This inherent reactivity was exploited for the generation of benzylic radicals which subsequently enter a nickel catalytic cycle, accomplishing the benzylic arylation.
Influence of polymer structure on the gelation kinetics and gel strength of acrylamide‐based copolymers, bentonite and polyethylenimine systems for conformance control of oil reservoirs
Authors: Tessarolli Fernanda G. C. , Souza Sara T. S. , Gomes Ailton S. , Mansur Claudia R. E.
Published: February 2019

In oil reservoirs with conformance problems, the sweep and oil recovery efficiencies tend to be low because the injected oil‐recovery drive fluids channel through high‐permeability zones and/or anomalies, leaving behind part of the displaceable oil in unswept low‐permeability zones. In these scenarios, conformance improvement treatments with crosslinked polymers can be used to plug the main paths of the reservoir, improving the overall sweep efficiency. This study aimed to investigate the influence of the polymer structure [molecular weight, acrylate, 2‐acrylamido‐2‐methylpropane sulfonic acid (AMPS), and/or N‐vinyl‐2‐pyrrolidone (NVP) moieties] on the gelation kinetics of gelling systems based on homopolymers and copolymers of acrylamide, natural bentonite and polyethylenimine for the conformance control of reservoirs with harsh conditions of temperature and salinity/hardness. The correspondence between the gelation time and gel strength obtained from bottle tests and dynamic shear tests was evaluated. Samples with higher AMPS and NVP moieties formed strong composite hydrogels (equilibrium complex modulus = 20–40 Pa) with low syneresis, and good long‐term stability (∼3–6 months) under harsh conditions (90 °C, 56,012 mg L−1 total dissolved solids and 2100 mg L−1 of divalent ions). © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019, 136, 47556.

HIGHLIGHTS

Acrylamide‐based copolymers, bentonite and polyethylenimine systems showed controllable gelation time and gel strength

Addition of clay into the formulation increased the gelation time and syneresis resistance of the systems, and slightly improved the final strength of the composite hydrogels

Polyacrylamide (PAM) and partially hydrolyzed polyacrylamide (PHPA) samples formed heterogeneous composite hydrogels that suffered strong syneresis and thermal degradation, precipitating during aging after approximately 2 months, independently of the initial acrylate moieties of the sample

Acrylamide and 2‐acrylamide‐2‐methylpropane sulfonic acid copolymer (PAM–AMPS) and acrylamide, 2‐acrylamido‐2‐methylpropane sulfonic acid, and N‐vinyl‐2‐pyrrolidone (PAM–AMPS–NVP) samples presented higher salt tolerance and formed composite hydrogels with lower syneresis and good long‐term stability (∼3–6 months). Furthermore, samples with sulfonation degree greater than 10% improved the dispersion of clay particles within the hydrogels' structure
Tributaries as biodiversity preserves: An ichthyoplankton perspective from the severely impounded Upper Paraná River
Authors: da Silva Patricia Sarai , Miranda Leandro Esteban , Makrakis Sergio , de Assumpção Lucileine , Dias João Henrique Pinheiro , Makrakis Maristela Cavicchioli
Published: February 2019

Conservation of fish assemblages in severely impounded rivers has often focused on providing longitudinal and lateral connectivity along the main stem. Less attention has been given to tributaries, some of which remain unimpounded.

This study shows that the biodiversity of ichthyoplankton in tributaries to the largest reservoir in the Paraná River, Brazil, is similar to that of tributaries of the few remaining unimpounded stretches of the Paraná River.

Annual and seasonal variability in discharge within and among tributaries attracts and supports a diverse mix of species in each spawning season.

Tributaries enrich the fish biodiversity of the entire system by providing a variety of environmental conditions, access to spawning habitat, refugia for early life stages, and by promoting ecological heterogeneity. Thus, tributaries can mitigate the adverse influence of an impounded main stem.

Tributaries also support populations of endangered and threatened species. A focus on tributaries offers conservation alternatives that are more feasible given the scale and large number of impoundments constructed on the main stem.

Conservation in the main stem may focus on maintaining passage through dams and access to large floodplains. Conversely, in tributaries conservation may focus on managing the quality of inflows from catchments, preserving suitable instream habitats and flows, and preserving access to smaller but more numerous floodplains.
Filling in Gaps in the Ceratopsid Histologic Database: Histology of Two Basal Centrosaurines and an Assessment of the Utility of Rib Histology in the Ceratopsidae
Authors: Hedrick Brandon P. , Goldsmith Erika , Rivera‐Sylva Hector , Fiorillo Anthony R. , Tumarkin‐Deratzian Allison R. , Dodson Peter
Published: February 2019

Bone histology grants substantial insight into the growth and biology of fossil vertebrates. Many of the major non‐avian dinosaurian clades have been extensively sampled for bone histologic data allowing reconstruction of their growth as well as the assessment of the evolution of growth changes along phylogenies. However, horned ceratopsians are poorly represented in paleohistologic studies. Further, the ceratopsian taxa that have been examined are unevenly sampled phylogenetically with very basal forms and highly derived forms making up the majority of studied taxa. In order to rectify this, we have histologically sampled Avaceratops from Montana and Yehuecauhceratops from northern Mexico to assess how mid‐sized basal centrosaurines grew relative to more basal and derived forms. Based on results from these taxa, basal centrosaurines present a mosaic of growth characters intermediate between those seen in basal ceratopsians and more derived centrosaurines. Further, Yehuecauhceratops has many lines of arrested growth preserved, suggesting that the large number of lines of arrested growth found in a high‐latitude Pachyrhinosaurus specimen may be a result of phylogeny rather than geography. Since lines of arrested growth are not preserved in long bones of many ceratopsians, especially chasmosaurines, we also histologically sampled ribs of Avaceratops and Pachyrhinosaurus. However, the largest ribs were highly remodeled obscuring lines of arrested growth, making it unlikely that rib histology will clarify growth trends in ceratopsians. These centrosaurines add to the growing ceratopsian histological database and demonstrate that basal centrosaurines grew in a manner intermediate between non‐ceratopsid taxa and derived centrosaurines. Anat Rec, 303:935–948, 2020. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
GRAW+: A two‐view graph propagation method with word coupling for readability assessment
Authors: Jiang Zhiwei , Gu Qing , Yin Yafeng , Wang Jianxiang , Chen Daoxu
Published: February 2019

Existing methods for readability assessment usually construct inductive classification models to assess the readability of singular text documents based on extracted features, which have been demonstrated to be effective. However, they rarely make use of the interrelationship among documents on readability, which can help increase the accuracy of readability assessment. In this article, we adopt a graph‐based classification method to model and utilize the relationship among documents using the coupled bag‐of‐words model. We propose a word coupling method to build the coupled bag‐of‐words model by estimating the correlation between words on reading difficulty. In addition, we propose a two‐view graph propagation method to make use of both the coupled bag‐of‐words model and the linguistic features. Our method employs a graph merging operation to combine graphs built according to different views, and improves the label propagation by incorporating the ordinal relation among reading levels. Experiments were conducted on both English and Chinese data sets, and the results demonstrate both effectiveness and potential of the method.
A novel method for topic linkages between scientific publications and patents
Authors: Xu Shuo , Zhai Dongsheng , Wang Feifei , An Xin , Pang Hongshen , Sun Yirong
Published: February 2019

It is increasingly important to build topic linkages between scientific publications and patents for the purpose of understanding the relationships between science and technology. Previous studies on the linkages mainly focus on the analysis of nonpatent references on the front page of patents, or the resulting citation‐link networks, but with unsatisfactory performance. In the meanwhile, abundant mentioned entities in the scholarly articles and patents further complicate topic linkages. To deal with this situation, a novel statistical entity‐topic model (named the CCorrLDA2 model), armed with the collapsed Gibbs sampling inference algorithm, is proposed to discover the hidden topics respectively from the academic articles and patents. In order to reduce the negative impact on topic similarity calculation, word tokens and entity mentions are grouped by the Brown clustering method. Then a topic linkages construction problem is transformed into the well‐known optimal transportation problem after topic similarity is calculated on the basis of symmetrized Kullback–Leibler (KL) divergence. Extensive experimental results indicate that our approach is feasible to build topic linkages with more superior performance than the counterparts.
Regioselective Bromination and Functionalization of Dibenzo[hi,st]ovalene as Highly Luminescent Nanographene with Zigzag Edges
Authors: Chen Qiang , Wang Di , Baumgarten Martin , Schollmeyer Dieter , Müllen Klaus , Narita Akimitsu
Published: February 2019

Dibenzo[hi,st]ovalene (DBOV) is a nanographene with a combination of zigzag and armchair edges, consisting of 38 sp2 carbons. Excellent optical properties with strong red emission have been demonstrated. Here we report the regioselective bromination of DBOV bearing two mesityl groups (DBOV‐Mes) by treatment with N‐bromosuccinimide (NBS) under mild conditions. The dibrominated DBOV was further subjected to transition‐metal‐catalyzed cross‐coupling reactions, that is, Suzuki and Sonogashira coupling, demonstrating the edge‐decoration of DBOV with different functional groups. Notably, DBOVs arylated at the bay regions showed intense red emission and enhanced fluorescence quantum yields of up to 0.97. Amphoteric reduction and oxidation behavior were observed by cyclic voltammetry (CV) measurements. Chemical oxidation to stable radical cation species was also demonstrated, followed by reduction back to their neutral species.
A comparison study of different control strategies for grid‐connected three phase two‐level power converters
Authors: Yin Yunfei , Liu Jianxing , Zeng Qingshuang , Wu Ligang
Published: February 2019

This paper presents a comparison study of different control schemes for grid‐connected three phase two‐level power converters. All control strategies adopt the double‐loop control structure which consists of voltage regulation loop and instantaneous power tracking loop. In the external loop, voltage regulation loop, PI, fuzzy PI, adaptive controllers and PI controller plus extended state observer (ESO) are utilized to regulate the output voltage. The merits, drawbacks and design procedures of four methods are compared, investigated and analyzed. The second order sliding mode (SOSM) controllers are applied into the internal loop, instantaneous power tracking loop, to drive the active power and reactive power tracking their set points. The performance differences of these control strategies are compared through the real simulation.
Improving austral summer precipitation forecasts of SINTEX‐F2 coupled ocean–atmosphere general circulation model over southern Africa by simple bias correction techniques
Authors: Ratnam J.V. , Doi Takeshi , Behera Swadhin K.
Published: February 2019

In this study, an attempt is made to improve 1‐month lead austral summer (December–February) precipitation forecasts of the Scale Interaction Experiment‐Frontier Research Center for Global Change Version 2 (SINTEX‐F2) coupled ocean–atmosphere global model by using two statistical bias correction techniques. The first technique corrects the leading mode of empirical orthogonal functions (EOFs) of the forecast precipitation anomalies and the second technique corrects the variance and mean of the forecast precipitation. Analysis of the results indicates both techniques reduce root‐mean‐square errors over the southern Africa landmass substantially. However, only the first technique has the advantage of improving the anomalies over parts of southern Africa. The results of this study will be of interest to various operational centers involved in the prediction and application of the southern Africa precipitation.
Population-based study of surgical treatment with and without tumour resection in patients with locally recurrent rectal cancer
Authors: Westberg K , Palmer G , Hjern F , Holm T , Martling A
Published: February 2019

Background

Population-based studies of treatment of locally recurrent rectal cancer (LRRC) are lacking. The aim was to investigate the surgical treatment of patients with LRRC at a national population-based level.

Methods

All patients undergoing abdominal resection for primary rectal cancer between 1995 and 2002 in Sweden with LRRC as a first event were included. Detailed information about treatment, complications and outcomes was collected from the medical records. The patients were analysed in three groups: patients who had resection of the LRRC, those treated without tumour resection and patients who received best supportive care only.

Results

In all, 426 patients were included in the study. Of these, 149 (35·0 per cent) underwent tumour resection, 193 (45·3 per cent) had treatment without tumour resection and 84 (19·7 per cent) received best supportive care. Abdominoperineal resection was the most frequent surgical procedure, performed in 65 patients (43·6 per cent of those who had tumour resection). Thirteen patients had total pelvic exenteration. In total, 63·8 per cent of those whose tumour was resected had potentially curative surgery. After tumour resection, 62 patients (41·6 per cent) had a complication within 30 days. Patients who received surgical treatment without tumour resection had a lower complication rate but a significantly higher 30-day mortality rate than those who underwent tumour resection (10 versus 1·3 per cent respectively; P = 0·002). Of all patients included in the study, 22·3 per cent had potentially curative treatment and the 3-year survival rate for these patients was 56 per cent.

Conclusion

LRRC is a serious condition with overall poor outcome. Patients undergoing curative surgery have an acceptable survival rate but substantial morbidity. There is room for improvement in the management of patients with LRRC.
Outcomes following pancreatic surgery using three different thromboprophylaxis regimens
Authors: Hanna-Sawires R G , Groen J V , Klok F A , Tollenaar R A E M , Mesker W E , Swijnenburg R J , Vahrmeijer A L , Bonsing B A , Mieog J S D
Published: February 2019

Background

Postpancreatectomy haemorrhage (PPH) and venous thromboembolism (VTE) are serious complications following pancreatic surgery. The aim was to assess the timing, occurrence and predictors of PPH and VTE.

Methods

Elective pancreatic resections undertaken in a single university hospital between November 2013 and September 2017 were assessed. Three intervals were reviewed, each with a different routine regimen of nadroparin: 2850 units once daily (single dose) administered in hospital only, or 5700 units once daily (double dose) or 2850 units twice daily (split dose) administered in hospital and continued for 6 weeks after surgery. Clinically relevant PPH (CR-PPH) was classified according to International Study Group of Pancreatic Surgery criteria. VTE was defined according to a number of key diagnostic criteria within 6 weeks of surgery. Cox regression analyses were performed to test the hypotheses that the double-dose group would experience more PPH than the other two groups, the single-dose group would experience more VTE than the other two groups, and the split-dose group would experience the fewest adverse events (PPH or VTE).

Results

In total, 240 patients were included, 80 per group. The double-dose group experienced significantly more CR-PPH (hazard ratio (HR) 2·14, 95 per cent c.i. 1·16 to 3·94; P = 0·015). More relaparotomies due to CR-PPH were performed in the double-dose group (16 versus 3·8 per cent; P = 0·002). The single-dose group did not experience more VTE (HR 1·41, 0·43 to 4·62; P = 0·570). The split dose was not associated with fewer adverse events (HR 0·77, 0·41 to 1·46; P = 0·422). Double-dose low molecular weight heparin (LMWH), high BMI and pancreatic fistula were independent predictors of CR-PPH.

Conclusion

A double dose of LMWH prophylaxis continued for 6 weeks after pancreatic resection was associated with a twofold higher rate of CR-PPH, resulting in four times more relaparotomies. Patients receiving a single daily dose of LMWH in hospital only did not experience a higher rate of VTE.
Simultaneous determination of idelalisib and its metabolite GS‐563117 in dog plasma by LC–MS/MS: Application to a pharmacokinetic study
Authors: Wang Cuiyun , Jia Fei , Zhang Yafei
Published: February 2019

The purpose of this study was to develop and validate an LC–MS/MS method for simultaneous determination of idelalisib and GS‐563117 in dog plasma. The analytes were extracted using ethyl acetate and then separated on a Waters Acquity UPLC BEH C18 column (50 × 2.1 mm, i. d., 1.7 μm) using 0.1% formic acid in water and acetonitrile as mobile phase at a flow rate of 0.3 mL/min in gradient elution mode. The analytes were quantified using selected reaction monitoring with precursor‐to‐product transitions at m/z 416.2 → 176.1, m/z 432.2 → 192.1 and m/z 421.2 → 176.1 for idelalisib, GS‐563117 and [2H5]‐idelalisib (internal standard). The assay showed good linearity (r > 0.9992) over the tested concentration range of 0.1–600 ng/mL for idelalisib and 0.1–300 ng/mL for GS‐563117. The intra‐ and inter‐day RSD values for idelalisib and GS‐563117 were <8.84 and 12.41%, respectively. The intra‐ and inter‐day RE values were within the range of −7.21–8.52%, and −6.44–14.23%, respectively. The extraction recovery was found to be >84.59% and no matrix effects were observed. The validated LC–MS/MS method has been successfully applied for the simultaneous determination of idelalisib and GS‐563117 in a pharmacokinetic study in dogs. Our results suggested that idelalisib was rapidly metabolized into its metabolite GS‐563117 in dog and the in vivo exposure of GS‐563117 was 17.59% of that of idelalisib.
An in vitro study of scarring formation mediated by human Tenon fibroblasts: Effect of Y‐27632, a Rho kinase inhibitor
Authors: Ibrahim Diah Gemala , Ko Ji‐Ae , Iwata Wakana , Okumichi Hideaki , Kiuchi Yoshiaki
Published: February 2019

Scar formation is the most common cause for failure of glaucoma filtration surgery because of increased fibroblast proliferation and activation. We have now examined the effect of Y‐27632, a Rho‐associated protein kinase (ROCK) inhibitor, on postsurgical scarring formation in human Tenon fibroblasts (HTFs). Collagen gel contraction assay was used to compare contractility activity of Y‐27632 with several antiglaucoma drugs. Immunofluorescence and western blotting were used to examine expression of scar formation–related factors. We found that Y‐27632 inhibited collagen gel contraction, as well as α‐smooth muscle actin and vimentin expression; these were promoted by treatment with latanoprost, timolol, or transforming growth factor (TGF)–β. To investigate the effect of Y‐27632 in postsurgical scarring, we mimicked TGF‐β secretion by stimulating HTFs with TGF‐β prior to Y‐27632 treatment. HTFs cultured in the presence of TGF‐β significantly increased gel contraction. In contrast, when HTFs were treated with 10μM Y‐27632, contraction was significantly inhibited. Furthermore, Y‐27632 reduced TGF‐β–induced phosphorylation of mitogen‐activated protein kinase signalling. These results suggest that ROCK inhibitors may inhibit fibrosis by inhibiting transdifferentiation of Tenon fibroblasts into myofibroblasts and by inhibiting TGF‐β signalling after surgery through mitogen‐activated protein kinase pathway suppression. These results implicate that ROCK inhibitors may improve outcomes after filtering surgery with a potential antiscarring effect, while latanoprost and timolol may induce fibrosis.

Significance of the study

Scar formation is the primary cause of failure after glaucoma filtration surgery. A ROCK inhibitor, Y‐27632, has been introduced as a novel potential antiglaucoma treatment to reduce intraocular pressure. The aim of our study was to elucidate the effect of Y‐27632 on scarring formation after glaucoma filtration surgery, in direct comparison with other antiglaucoma drugs. Our findings thus suggested that Y‐27632 may inhibit fibrosis and improve outcome after glaucoma filtration surgery through inhibition of transdifferentiation of Tenon fibroblasts into myofibroblasts, and the TGF‐β and MAPK signalling after surgery, while latanoprost and timolol may induce fibrosis.
Clinical outcomes of the Lotus Valve in patients with bicuspid aortic valve stenosis: An analysis from the RESPOND study
Authors: Blackman Daniel J. , Van Gils Lennart , Bleiziffer Sabine , Gerckens Ulrich , Petronio Anna Sonia , Abdel‐Wahab Mohamed , Werner Nikos , Khogali Saib S. , Wenaweser Peter , Wöhrle Jochen , Soliman Osama , Laborde Jean‐Claude , Allocco Dominic J. , Meredith Ian T. , Falk Volkmar , Van Mieghem Nicolas M.
Published: February 2019

Aims

Patients with bicuspid valves represent a challenging anatomical subgroup for transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI). This analysis evaluated the clinical outcomes of the fully repositionable and retrievable Lotus Valve System in patients with bicuspid aortic valves enrolled in the RESPOND post‐market registry.

Methods and Results

The prospective, open‐label RESPOND study enrolled 1,014 patients at 41 centers in Europe, New Zealand, and Latin America, 31 (3.1%) of whom had bicuspid aortic valves. The mean age in the bicuspid patient cohort was 76.4 years, 64.5% were male, and the baseline STS score was 6.0 ± 10.2. Procedural success was 100%, with no cases of malpositioning, valve migration, embolization, or valve‐in‐valve. Repositioning was attempted in 10 cases (32.3%). There was one death (3.2%) and one stroke (3.2%) at 30‐day follow‐up. Mean AV gradient was reduced from 48.7 ± 17.0 mmHg at baseline to 11.8 ± 5.1 mmHg at hospital discharge (P < 0.001); mean effective orifice area (EOA) was increased from 0.6 ± 0.2 cm2 to 1.7 ± 0.4 cm2 (P < 0.001). There were no cases of moderate or severe paravalvular leak (PVL) adjudicated by the core laboratory; four subjects (13.8%) had mild PVL, 5 (17.2%) had trace PVL. The rate of pacemaker (PM) implantation for PM‐naïve patients was 22.2% (6/27).

Conclusions

Data from the RESPOND registry demonstrate good clinical and echocardiographic outcomes up to 1 year postimplantation in patients with bicuspid aortic valves using the repositionable Lotus Valve.
A patient with Phelan‐McDermid syndrome and dilation of the great vessels
Authors: Deibert Emily , Crenshaw Melissa , Miller Michelle S.
Published: February 2019

Key Clinical Message

We present a patient with Phelan‐McDermid syndrome, a rare neurodevelopmental disorder caused by a 22q13 deletion, with the previously undescribed finding of progressive dilation of the great arteries. While congenital heart defects have been identified in patients previously, dilation of the great arteries has not been described to our knowledge.
Postbiopsy arteriovenous fistula in renal allograft: An ultrasound case study
Authors: Bejjanki Harini , Santos Alfonso H. , Koratala Abhilash
Published: February 2019

Key Clinical Message

Arteriovenous fistula is a well‐known but rarely diagnosed complication of percutaneous renal biopsy. On Doppler sonography, these fistulae are characterized by a region of high velocity shifts and random color assignment due to vibrating interfaces in the perivascular tissue. Most of them resolve spontaneously, while larger symptomatic ones need intervention.
Activation and Photoinduced Release of Alkynes on a Biomimetic Tungsten Center: The Photochemical Behavior of the W−S‐Phoz System
Authors: Peschel Lydia M. , Vidovič Carina , Belaj Ferdinand , Neshchadin Dmytro , Mösch‐Zanetti Nadia C.
Published: February 2019

The synthesis and structural determination of four tungsten alkyne complexes coordinated by the bio‐inspired S,N‐donor ligand 2‐(4′,4′‐dimethyloxazoline‐2′‐yl)thiophenolate (S‐Phoz) is presented. A previously established protocol that involved the reaction of the respective alkyne with the bis‐carbonyl precursor [W(CO)2(S‐Phoz)2] was used for the complexes [W(CO)(C2R2)(S‐Phoz)2] (R=H, 1 a; Me, 1 b; Ph, 1 c). Oxidation with pyridine‐N‐oxide gave the corresponding W‐oxo species [WO(C2R2)(S‐Phoz)2] (R=H, 2 a; Me, 2 b; Ph, 2 c). All W‐oxo‐alkyne complexes (2 a, b, c) were found to be capable of alkyne release upon light irradiation to afford five‐coordinate [WO(S‐Phoz)2] (3). The photoinduced release of the alkyne ligand was studied in detail by in situ 1H NMR measurements, which revealed correlation of the photodissociation rate constant (2 b>2 a>2 c) with the elongation of the alkyne C≡C bond in the molecular structures. Oxidation of [WO(S‐Phoz)2] (3) with pyridine‐N‐oxide yielded [WO2(S‐Phoz)2] (4), which shows highly fluxional behavior in solution. Variable‐temperature 1H NMR spectroscopy revealed three isomeric forms with respect to the ligand arrangement versus each other. Furthermore, compound 4 rearranges to tetranuclear oxo compound [W4O4(μ‐O)6(S‐Phoz)4] (5) and dinuclear [{WO(μ‐O)(S‐Phoz)}2] (6) over time. The latter two were identified by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction analyses.
Segment‐interpolation and gamut mapping application of segment maxima gamut boundary descriptors
Authors: Zhu Ming , Zhang Yuanyuan
Published: February 2019

The segment maxima gamut boundary descriptor is applied prevalently in cross‐media color reproduction. But irregular color distribution may generate many vacant segments, especially when calculating the gamut boundary. It will reduce the accuracy of gamut boundary description seriously. This article proposes an interpolation algorithm for vacant segments based on neighboring weighted average. To address the problems caused by the coincidence between the line connecting two adjacent gamut boundary descriptor points and the constant hue plane, the reasonable solutions are given for calculating line gamut boundaries. Based on segment maxima gamut boundary descriptor, the article designs a typical gamut‐clipping operator “Hue‐preservation Minimum ΔE (HpMinDE)” and a gamut‐compressing operator. The calculation of intersections between line gamut boundaries and gamut mapping lines is also analyzed. It can help to determine quickly to which segment a gamut mapping line belongs, thus improving the gamut mapping efficiency. In the assessment, the accuracy of “HpMinDE” operator is evaluated by means of the color difference calculation. Then, the psychophysical experiments are employed to evaluate the preference and accuracy of the gamut‐compressing operator. Finally, the computational efficiency of gamut boundary descriptor and gamut mapping operators are tested and verified.
An improved integrated Grid and MapReduce‐Hadoop architecture for spatial data: Hilbert TGS R‐Tree–based IGSIM
Authors: Singh Hari , Bawa Seema
Published: February 2019

Variegated distributed computing technologies have been used in recent years of revolutionary phase for efficiently and logically planned spatial data analysis. Grid computing and MapReduce technologies have provided a prodigious technological furtherance in the Geographic Information System (GIS) domain. The Grid is known for its high computing and the MapReduce implementation‐Hadoop is known for its data analytics. A lot of research exist to prove that the integration of Grid and MapReduce complements each other. In our earlier work, a novel architecture Integrated Grid and Spatially Indexed MapReduce (IGSIM) was proposed that integrates Grid and SpatialHadoop for fast spatial queries. The R‐Tree and the R∗‐Tree spatial indexes of SpatialHadoop were exploited for fast data accessing in the IGSIM. However, efficiency of spatial queries can be enhanced further by employing a better spatial indexing algorithm. In this paper, a thorough literature survey has been done on the available traditional spatial indexes from the serial programming environment and Hilbert TGS R‐Tree has been selected on the basis of several parameters for its parallel implementation and extending spatial query efficiency work of the IGSIM. The improved architecture is named as Hilbert TGS R‐Tree–based IGSIM. The experimental results demonstrate high efficiency of the proposed work.
An In Vitro Brain Endothelial Model for Studies of Cryptococcal Transmigration into the Central Nervous System
Authors: Santiago‐Tirado Felipe H. , Klein Robyn S. , Doering Tamara L.
Published: February 2019

Cryptococcus neoformans is an environmental yeast found worldwide that causes lethal brain infections, particularly in immunocompromised hosts. In 2016, there were 280,000 cases of cryptococcal meningitis in the HIV+ population, two‐thirds of them fatal; other immunocompromised patients are also affected. The burden of cryptococcal disease and the limits of current chemotherapy create a pressing need for improved treatment. One hindrance to the development of new therapies is lack of understanding of how this pathogen breaches the barriers protecting the brain. Here we describe a tool for investigating this process. This simple in vitro blood‐brain‐barrier (BBB) model, based on a human brain endothelial cell line grown on a permeable membrane, may be used to assay the BBB transmigration of C. neoformans or other neurotropic pathogens. © 2019 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Enhancement factor of nuclear reactions in partially ionized plasmas and asymmetric mixtures
Authors: Arnault Philippe , Clérouin Jean , Desbiens Nicolas , White Alexander , Ticknor Christopher , Kress Joel D. , Collins Lee A.
Published: February 2019

When hydrogen is mixed with heavy (high‐Z) elements, even as traces, such as iron in the sun, the plasma mixture transits from a weakly coupled state to the intermediate coupling regime of simultaneous weak and strong couplings due to charge asymmetry. In those circumstances, partial ionization is an important aspect to consider. We present a global approach for evaluating enhancement factors for thermonuclear reactions in such mixtures. We grounded our approach on extensive orbital free molecular dynamics (OFMD) simulations of hydrogen‐silver mixtures, chosen as a prototype of hydrogen—high‐Zmixtures, in a large range of temperature (100 < T < 1600 eV). By comparing a series of OFMD simulations to hyper‐netted chain calculations of effective binary ionic mixtures (eBIM), we set a general procedure for computing enhancement factors. The electron screening contribution is also included implicitly in the definition of the effective ionizations within the average atom framework. The agreement between the pair distribution functions of OFMD and eBIM validates a prescription in which each average atom representing a given species shares the same external electron density with the others (iso‐nerule). We checked that an interpolation formula between weak and strong couplings in BIM, due to Chugunov and DeWitt, is accurate enough to address the limit of extreme dilution of a heavy element.
Effect of the dynamical collision frequency on quantum wakefields
Authors: Moldabekov Zh.A. , Amirov S.M. , Ludwig P. , Bonitz M. , Ramazanov T.S.
Published: February 2019

Previous papers on the quantum wakefield around an ion moving in a dense plasma have considered the collision frequency in the static approximation. In this work, we present the results of the dynamically screened ion potential taking into account the dynamical electron–ion collision frequency. The Lenard–Balescu dynamical collision frequency and various approximations to it are considered. As a main result of our investigation for the subsonic, sonic, and supersonic regimes, we find that the frequency dependence of collisions can be safely discarded if the electronic streaming velocity (relative to an ion) is comparable to or less than the electronic Fermi velocity.
Hawaiian picture‐winged Drosophila exhibit adaptive population divergence along a narrow climatic gradient on Hawaii Island
Authors: Eldon Jon , Bellinger M. Renee , Price Donald K.
Published: February 2019

Anthropogenic influences on global processes and climatic conditions are increasingly affecting ecosystems throughout the world.

Hawaii Island’s native ecosystems are well studied and local long‐term climatic trends well documented, making these ecosystems ideal for evaluating how native taxa may respond to a warming environment.

This study documents adaptive divergence of populations of a Hawaiian picture‐winged Drosophila, D. sproati, that are separated by only 7 km and 365 m in elevation.

Representative laboratory populations show divergent behavioral and physiological responses to an experimental low‐intensity increase in ambient temperature during maturation. The significant interaction of source population by temperature treatment for behavioral and physiological measurements indicates differential adaptation to temperature for the two populations.

Significant differences in gene expression among males were mostly explained by the source population, with eleven genes in males also showing a significant interaction of source population by temperature treatment.

The combined behavior, physiology, and gene expression differences between populations illustrate the potential for local adaptation to occur over a fine spatial scale and exemplify nuanced response to climate change.
Multiple habitat use by declining migratory birds necessitates joined‐up conservation
Authors: Jackson Micha V. , Carrasco Luis R. , Choi Chi‐Yeung , Li Jing , Ma Zhijun , Melville David S. , Mu Tong , Peng He‐Bo , Woodworth Bradley K. , Yang Ziyou , Zhang Lin , Fuller Richard A.
Published: February 2019

Many species depend on multiple habitats at different points in space and time. Their effective conservation requires an understanding of how and when each habitat is used, coupled with adequate protection. Migratory shorebirds use intertidal and supratidal wetlands, both of which are affected by coastal landscape change. Yet the extent to which shorebirds use artificial supratidal habitats, particularly at highly developed stopover sites, remains poorly understood leading to potential deficiencies in habitat management. We surveyed shorebirds on their southward migration in southern Jiangsu, a critical stopover region in the East Asian Australasian Flyway (EAAF), to measure their use of artificial supratidal habitats and assess linkages between intertidal and supratidal habitat use. To inform management, we examined how biophysical features influenced occupancy of supratidal habitats, and whether these habitats were used for roosting or foraging. We found that shorebirds at four of five sites were limited to artificial supratidal habitats at high tide for ~11–25 days per month because natural intertidal flats were completely covered by seawater. Within the supratidal landscape, at least 37 shorebird species aggregated on artificial wetlands, and shorebirds were more abundant on larger ponds with less water cover, less vegetation, at least one unvegetated bund, and fewer built structures nearby. Artificial supratidal habitats were rarely used for foraging and rarely occupied when intertidal flats were available, underscoring the complementarity between supratidal roosting habitat and intertidal foraging habitat. Joined‐up artificial supratidal management and natural intertidal habitat conservation are clearly required at our study site given the simultaneous dependence by over 35,000 migrating shorebirds on both habitats. Guided by observed patterns of habitat use, there is a clear opportunity to improve habitat condition by working with local land custodians to consider shorebird habitat requirements when managing supratidal ponds. This approach is likely applicable to shorebird sites throughout the EAAF.
Serial assessment of spot urine sodium predicts effectiveness of decongestion and outcome in patients with acute heart failure
Authors: Biegus Jan , Zymliński Robert , Sokolski Mateusz , Todd John , Cotter Gad , Metra Marco , Jankowska Ewa A. , Banasiak Waldemar , Ponikowski Piotr
Published: February 2019

Aims

The clinical significance of the measurement of urine sodium concentration (UNa+) in response to loop diuretic administration in patients with acute heart failure (AHF) is still unsettled. We studied the association of serial measurements of spot UNa+ during the first 48 h of AHF treatment with the indices of decongestion, renal function, and prognosis.

Methods and results

We enrolled 111 AHF patients, all of whom received intravenous furosemide on admission. The mean spot UNa+ significantly increased in the 6 h sample (P < 0.05 vs. baseline) and returned to baseline values in the 24 and 48 h samples. Based on the increase or decrease/no change of UNa+ in the 6 and 48 h samples vs. baseline, patients were divided into two groups at each time point, respectively. Patients did not differ in baseline clinical and laboratory characteristics. Patients with a decrease/no change of UNa+ in the 6 and 48 h samples had a lower weight loss during hospitalization. Patients with a decrease/no change of UNa+ in the 48 h sample had a poorer diuretic response and a significant increase in the urinary levels of the tubular biomarkers: kidney injury molecule‐1 and neutrophil gelatinase‐associated lipocalin. Low UNa+ and decrease/no change in UNa+ in the 6 and 48 h samples were independent predictors of higher risk of all‐cause mortality during 1‐year follow‐up (all P < 0.05).

Conclusion

In AHF, low spot UNa+ and lack to increase UNa+ in response to intravenous diuretics are associated with poor diuretic response, markers of tubular injury and high risk of 1‐year mortality.
Structural, Optical, and Isothermic Studies of CuFe2O4 and Zn‐Doped CuFe2O4 Nanoferrite as a Magnetic Catalyst for Photocatalytic Degradation of Direct Red 264 Under Visible Light Irradiation
Authors: Kamel Attar Kar Mahnaz , Fazaeli Reza , Manteghi Faranak , Ghahari Mahdi
Published: February 2019

Cu and Zn‐doped Cu ferrites were synthesized by sol–gel auto‐combustion method. The samples were characterized by XRD, SEM, EDX, VSM, FT‐IR, and DRS methods. Powder XRD analysis and FT‐IR spectroscopy confirmed the formation of ferrites spinel phase. The crystallite sizes were calculated using Scherrer's equation. The morphologies and sizes of the synthesized nanoparticles have been observed by scanning electron microscopy. The saturation magnetization (MS) is obtained from VSM data. The energy band gaps were calculated from UV–DRS absorption data. Removal of Direct Red 264 was carried out by CuFe2O4 and Zn‐doped CuFe2O4 as catalysts under a visible lamp. The kinetic and isothermic analysis of photocatalytic degradation was studied. © 2019 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Environ Prog, 38:e13109, 2019
Effect of wake interaction on the response of two tandem oscillating hydrofoils
Authors: Ma Penglei , Wang Yong , Xie Yudong , Han Jiazhen , Sun Guang , Zhang Jianhua
Published: February 2019

In this study, using a hydraulic system couples 2 hydrofoils and fulfills the fully flow‐induced oscillating motion. Two hydrofoils have a tandem spatial configuration because in such arrangement allows the turbine to reach a higher efficiency. An iteration scheme is compiled to the solver to solve the coupling equations which are built based on the hydrofoil motions and hydrodynamic. Numerical investigations are carried out to analyze the response of 2 tandem oscillating hydrofoils. The objective of this study is to review the wake interactions between 2 tandem hydrofoils rather than to pursue the maximum power efficiency. It is found that the heaving amplitude and energy extraction performance of the upstream hydrofoil are greater than that of downstream hydrofoil, because the downstream hydrofoil operates in the wake of upstream hydrofoil. For the fully flow‐induced motion model presented in this study, both favorable and unfavorable strong wake vortices interactions are not observed, because the change in system response will weaken the strong wake interaction. Moreover, the difference between 2 hydrofoil responses does not necessarily decline with increasing inter‐hydrofoil spacing.
Effect of glycine betaine on chilling injury in relation to energy metabolism in papaya fruit during cold storage
Authors: Pan Yonggui , Zhang Shanying , Yuan Mengqi , Song Hanliang , Wang Tian , Zhang Weimin , Zhang Zhengke
Published: February 2019

“Zhongbai” papaya fruit were treated with 15 mmol/L glycine betaine (GB) and then refrigerated at 6°C for 40 days to study the influence of GB on chilling injury (CI) and possible mechanism associated with energy metabolism. The results exhibited that GB treatment remarkably reduced the CI severity as indicated by lower CI index during storage. GB treatment lowered electrolyte leakage and malondialdehyde content, which accounted for maintenance of membrane integrity and reduced lipid peroxidation. Moreover, GB treatment improved the energy status as revealed by increased adenosine triphosphate (ATP) level, energy charge, and activities of energy metabolism‐related enzymes including mitochondrial membrane H+‐adenosine triphosphatase (H+‐ATPase) and Ca2+‐adenosine triphosphatase (Ca2+‐ATPase), succinate dehydrogenase (SDH), and cytochrome C oxidase (CCO). The results indicate that enhanced chilling tolerance in papaya fruit by GB treatment during cold storage might be ascribed to improved energy status in association with increased activities of energy metabolism‐related enzymes.
Royal jelly causes hypotension and vasodilation induced by increasing nitric oxide production
Authors: Pan Yongming , Rong Yili , You Mengmeng , Ma Quanxin , Chen Minli , Hu Fuliang
Published: February 2019

Among royal jelly’s (RJ) various biological activities, its possible antihypertension and vasorelaxation effects deserve particular attention, but the underlying mechanisms of action remain unclear. Therefore, this study used the spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) hypertension model and the isolated rabbit thoracic aorta rings model to explore the mechanisms underlying the hypotension and vasorelaxation effects of RJ. Rats were divided into the following groups (n = 6): WKY‐control group, SHR‐control group, and SHR‐RJ group. SHR‐RJ group was received 1 g/kg of RJ via oral administration daily for 4 weeks. Systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), heart rate (HR), and nitric oxide (NO) level were detected. In addition, the mechanism of vasodilation of RJ was investigated using an isolated rabbit aortic ring technique. RJ significantly reduced SBP and DBP as well as increased NO levels of SHR in vivo. RJ caused vasorelaxation of the isolated aorta rings, and this effect was inhibited by atropine (M3 receptor blocker), L‐NAME (nitric oxide synthase inhibitor), methylene blue (guanylate cyclase inhibitor), and indomethacin (cyclooxygenase inhibitor). Moreover, RJ could markedly suppress the NE‐induced intracellular Ca2+ releases and high K+‐induced extracellular Ca2+ influx in denuded aortic rings. In addition, RJ can also increase cGMP levels and the production of NO in isolated aortic rings. The present study showed that RJ has antihypertensive effects and was associated with increased NO production. In addition, RJ contains muscarinic receptor agonist, possibly an acetylcholine‐like substance, and induces vasodilation through NO/cGMP pathway and calcium channels.