bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Limiting Perovskite Solar Cell Performance by Heterogeneous Carrier Extraction
Authors: Tian Wenming , Cui Rongrong , Leng Jing , Liu Junxue , Li Yajuan , Zhao Chunyi , Zhang Jun , Deng Weiqiao , Lian Tianquan , Jin Shengye
Published: September 2016

Although the power conversion efficiency of perovskite solar cells has improved rapidly, a rational path for further improvement remains unclear. The effect of large morphological heterogeneity of polycrystalline perovskite films on their device performance by photoluminescence (PL) microscopy has now been studied. Contrary to the common belief on the deleterious effect of morphological heterogeneity on carrier lifetimes and diffusivities, in neat CH3NH3PbI3(Cl) polycrystalline perovskite films, the local (intra‐grain) carrier diffusivities in different grains are all surprisingly high (1.5 to 3.3 cm2 s−1; comparable to bulk single‐crystals), and the local carrier lifetimes are long (ca. 200 ns) and surprisingly homogenous among grains, and uniform across grain boundary and interior. However, there is a large heterogeneity of carrier extraction efficiency at the perovskite grain–electrode interface. Improving homogeneity at perovskite grain–electrode contacts is thus a promising direction for improving the performance of perovskite thin‐film solar cells.
Hierarchical Layer Engineering Using Supramolecular Double‐Comb Diblock Copolymers
Authors: Hofman Anton H. , Reza Mehedi , Ruokolainen Janne , ten Brinke Gerrit , Loos Katja
Published: September 2016

The formation of unusual multilayered parallel lamellae‐in‐lamellae in symmetric supramolecular double‐comb diblock copolymers is presented. While keeping the concentration of surfactant fixed, the number of internal layers was found to increase with molecular weight M up to 34 for the largest block copolymer. The number of internal structures n was established to scale as M0.67 and therefore enables easy design of such structures with great precision.
Water Entrapped inside Fullerene Cages: A Potential Probe for Evaluation of Bond Polarization
Authors: Hashikawa Yoshifumi , Murata Michihisa , Wakamiya Atsushi , Murata Yasujiro
Published: September 2016

The concept of the bond polarization is a useful tool to understand chemical reactions and fundamental properties of compounds. However, experimental considerations are limited owing to its difficulty of reliable description. We demonstrated that geometrically isolated H2O inside the cage of fullerene C60 is a possible probe to evaluate the polarization degree of covalent bonds C(C60)−X (X=heteroatom) on the C60 cage. The 1H NMR relaxation times of entrapped H2O have been systematically measured at variable temperatures for H2O@C60X (X=CR2, NR, O, and O2). The results followed in the order of electronegativities of C (2.55), N (3.04), and O (3.44), indicating that entrapped H2O can sensitively respond to the degree of the bond polarization.
Static and Dynamic Nanosheets from Selective Assembly of Geometric Macrocycle Isomers
Authors: Wang Yanqiu , Kim Yongju , Lee Myongsoo
Published: September 2016

In contrast to the significant advances that have been made in the construction of two‐dimensional (2D) nanostructures, the rational modification from static to dynamic 2D sheets remains a great challenge. Static and dynamic sheets formed from selective self‐assembly of geometric macrocycle isomers based on anthracene units are presented. The self‐assembly of the cis isomer generates static planar sheets, whereas the trans isomer forms dynamic rolled sheets which are reversibly unrolled upon stimulation by a thermal signal. Furthermore, the mixed solution of the two isomers exhibits self‐sorting behavior, generating the coexistence of the two independent self‐assembled structures, the planar sheets and the folded scrolls. The self‐sorted supramolecular objects with considerable shape and size differences are able to be readily separated, one isomer from the other.
A Chemoenzymatic Strategy for Imaging Cellular Phosphatidic Acid Synthesis
Authors: Bumpus Timothy W. , Baskin Jeremy M.
Published: September 2016

Phosphatidic acid (PA) is a potent lipid secondary messenger, the synthesis of which is tightly regulated in both space and time. Established tools for detecting PA involve ex vivo analysis and do not provide information on the subcellular locations where this lipid is synthesized. Here, a chemoenzymatic strategy for imaging sites of cellular PA synthesis by phospholipase D (PLD) enzymes is reported. PLDs were found to be able to catalyze phospholipid head‐group exchange with alkynols to generate alkyne‐labeled PA analogues within cells. Subsequent fluorophore tagging through Cu‐catalyzed azide–alkyne cycloaddition enabled both visualization by fluorescence microscopy and quantification by HPLC. Our studies revealed several intracellular sites of PLD‐mediated PA synthesis. We envision applications of this approach to dissect PA‐dependent signaling pathways, image PLD activity in disease, and remodel intracellular membranes with new functionality.
Mn(III)‐salan/graphene oxide/magnetite nanocomposite as a highly selective catalyst for aerobic epoxidation of olefins
Authors: Abbasi Vahideh , Hosseini‐Monfared Hassan , Hosseini Seyed Majid
Published: September 2016

A nanocomposite was synthesized using carbon‐coated Fe3O4 nanoparticle‐decorated reduced graphene oxide as a convenient and efficient supporting material for grafting of a manganese–reduced Schiff base (salan) complex via covalent attachment. The nanocomposite was characterized using X‐ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared and diffuse reflectance UV–visible spectroscopies, inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry and scanning electron microscopy. It was evaluated as a catalyst for the aerobic epoxidation of olefins in acetonitrile in combination with a sacrificial co‐reductant (isobutyraldehyde). The catalytic performance of the heterogeneous system of the Mn–salan complex is superior to that of the homogeneous one. The catalyst activity strongly depends on the reaction temperature and nature of the solvent. The epoxide yield increases with the nucleophilic character of the olefin. The nanocomposite performs well as an epoxidation catalyst for electron‐rich and conjugated olefins. It can be recovered from the reaction medium by magnetic decantation and reused, maintaining good catalytic activity. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Methyl Benzoate Gallium(III) corrole complexes: DNA‐binding, Photocleavage Activity, Cytotoxicity on Tumor Cells
Authors: Wang Jia‐Min , Li Yuan , Yuan Hui‐Qing , Wu Dan‐Hong , Ying Xiao , Shi Lei , Zhang Hai‐Tao , Liu Hai‐Yang
Published: September 2016

Two new gallium corrole complexes, 10‐(4‐Methoxycarbonylphenyl) ‐5, 15‐bis(pentafluorophenyl)corrolatogallium(III)(1‐Ga) and 5,15‐bis(4‐Methoxycarbonylphenyl)‐10‐(pentafluorophenyl)corrolatogallium(III)(2‐Ga), were synthesized and characterized. The interaction of these gallium corrole complexes with CT‐DNA was studied by fluorescence methods, UV–visible, viscosity measurements, molecular docking as well as agarose gel electrophoresis. The results revealed that both 1‐Ga and 2‐Ga interact with DNA via major groove binding and could cleavage the supercoiled plasmid DNA efficiently under irradiation. The inhibitor and singlet oxygen test indicated that singlet oxygen was the reactive oxygen species involved in the photocleavage DNA initiated by 1‐Ga or 2‐Ga. Cell viability experiments indicated that 1‐Ga and 2‐Ga show high photocytotoxicity and low dark toxicity towards tested QGY‐7701 and MHCC‐H/L tumor cell lines. Fluorescence probe tests showed the absorbed 1‐Ga and 2‐Ga in tumor cells are mainly localized in mitochondria, and the mitochondria membrane potential disruption was observed after irradiation.
Flame‐retardant mechanism of expandable polystyrene foam with a macromolecular nitrogen–phosphorus intumescent flame retardant
Authors: Wang Gang , Chen Xue , Liu Pengju , Bai Shibing
Published: September 2016

Expandable polystyrene (EPS) foam is largely used as the thermally insulating external wall in buildings and constructions, but it is extremely flammable because of the presence of almost 98% air into its porous structure, its high surface‐area‐to‐mass ratio, and its elemental composition. Lots of serious fire disasters caused by EPS foam have posed great threats to people's properties and lives in recent years. Thus, a halogen‐free, flame‐retardant EPS is urgently needed, and its preparation is still a global challenge. To solve the problem that it is easy for EPS foam to form melt dripping and difficult for it to generate a char layer during the combustion process, a macromolecular nitrogen–phosphorus intumescent flame retardant (MNP) was selected to prepare flame‐retardant EPS foam and good mechanical and flame‐retardant properties were obtained. The scanning electron microscopy characterization revealed that MNP could penetrate into the gap between the beads, and a thin physical coating layer formed on the surface of the bead. The data from the thermogravimetry–Fourier transform infrared test indicated that a nitrogenous noncombustible gas was generated by the pyrolysis of MNP. When the MNP content increased to 30%, the limiting oxygen index and the smoking density rate of the EPS–MNP foam were 28.8 and 23.6, respectively, and a UL94 V‐0 classification was achieved. In addition, the heat‐release rate, total heat‐release, smoke produce rate, and carbon dioxide production of the EPS–MNP foams all decreased obviously; this was attributed to the flame‐retardant effects of MNP in both the condensed and gas phases. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci.2017,134, 44356.
Autoimmune Arthritides, Rheumatoid Arthritis, Psoriatic Arthritis, or Peripheral Spondyloarthritis Following Lyme Disease
Authors: Arvikar Sheila L. , Crowley Jameson T. , Sulka Katherine B. , Steere Allen C.
Published: September 2016

Objective

To describe systemic autoimmune joint diseases that develop following Lyme disease, and to compare their clinical features with those of Lyme arthritis (LA).

Methods

We reviewed records of all adult patients referred to our LA clinic over a 13‐year period, in whom we had diagnosed a systemic autoimmune joint disease following Lyme disease. For comparison, records of patients enrolled in our LA cohort over the most recent 2‐year period were analyzed. Levels of IgG antibodies to Borrelia burgdorferi and to 3 Lyme disease–associated autoantigens were measured.

Results

We identified 30 patients who had developed a new‐onset systemic autoimmune joint disorder a median of 4 months after Lyme disease (usually manifested by erythema migrans [EM]). Fifteen had rheumatoid arthritis (RA), 13 had psoriatic arthritis (PsA), and 2 had peripheral spondyloarthritis (SpA). The 30 patients typically had polyarthritis, and those with PsA or SpA often had previous psoriasis, axial involvement, or enthesitis. In the comparison group of 43 patients with LA, the usual clinical picture was monoarticular knee arthritis, without prior EM. Most of the patients with systemic autoimmune joint disorders were positive for B burgdorferi IgG antibodies, as detected by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay, but had significantly lower titers and lower frequencies of Lyme disease–associated autoantibodies than patients with LA. Prior to our evaluation, these patients had often received additional antibiotics for presumed LA, without benefit. We prescribed antiinflammatory agents, most commonly disease‐modifying antirheumatic drugs, resulting in improvement.

Conclusion

Systemic autoimmune joint diseases (i.e., RA, PsA, SpA) may follow Lyme disease. Development of polyarthritis after antibiotic‐treated EM, previous psoriasis, or low‐titer B burgdorferi antibodies may provide insight into the correct diagnosis.
A Pseudomonas aeruginosa‐secreted protease modulates host intrinsic immune responses, but how?
Authors: Cheng Zhenyu
Published: September 2016

Recently, we found that the Pseudomonas aeruginosa type II secreted protease IV functions as a unique Arabidopsis innate immunity elicitor. The protease IV‐activated pathway involves G protein signaling and raises the question of how protease elicitation leads to the activation of G protein‐mediated signaling, because plants do not appear to have metazoan‐like G protein‐coupled receptors. Importantly, our data suggest that Arabidopsis has evolved a mechanism to detect the proteolytic activity of a pathogen‐encoded protease, supporting the host‐pathogen arms race model. In the case of opportunistic multi‐host pathogens like P. aeruginosa, however, it is not plausible that P. aeruginosa is simultaneously co‐evolving in a gene‐for‐gene manner with all of its potential hosts, which include plants, nematodes, insects, and mammals. This prompts us to ask what is the driving force for co‐evolution of defense response in Arabidopsis and pathogenesis of P. aeruginosa, which might not have been subject to iterative cycles of evolutionary selections.
Learn how to prepare to handle claims of coaching abuse
Authors: O'Brien Timothy
Published: September 2016

“I'll see you in court” has become an all too familiar refrain in today's society. Not surprisingly, we see this same approach emerging more and more in college athletics.
Was coach entitled to greater public clarification of reasons for his dismissal?
Authors: Gelpi Aileen
Published: September 2016

Penn State hired Emmanuil Kaidanov in 1982 as a fencing coach pursuant to a contract that was renewed annually.
ChemInform Abstract: Isomorphism and Solid Solutions Among Ag‐ and Au‐Selenides.
Authors: Palyanova Galina A. , Seryotkin Yurii V. , Kokh Konstantin A. , Bakakin Vladimir V.
Published: September 2016

Ag2xAuxSe (x = 0—2, in steps of 0.25) are prepared by solid state reaction of the elements (1.
ChemInform Abstract: Tuning the Mn and Fe Valence States into New Ca0.7Mn2‐xFexO4 (0 < x ≤ 0.60) Solid Solution During Reversible Redox Processes.
Authors: Lesturgez Stephanie , Goglio Graziella , Duttine Mathieu , Wattiaux Alain , Durand Etienne , Hernandez Julien , Majimel Jerome , Demourgues Alain
Published: September 2016

Ca0.7Mn2‐xFexO4 (x = 0—0.6) with Mn4+ amounts varying from 33% to 43% are prepared by an aqueous self‐combustion route involving stoichiometric mixtures of Ca, Mn, and Fe nitrates with powdered glycine in a 1:2 molar ratio (hot plate in stainless steel beaker, 220 °C) followed by firing the resultant ashes in air (850 °C, 12 h).
ChemInform Abstract: One‐Pot Synthesis of Polysubstituted Benzenes Through a N,N‐Dimethyl‐4‐aminopyridine (DMAP)‐Catalyzed [4 + 2] Benzannulation of 1,3‐Bis(sulfonyl)butadienes and γ‐Substituted Allenoates.
Authors: Chang Meijia , Wu Chengzhou , Zheng Jie , Huang You
Published: September 2016

The simple, metal‐free method provides the products in generally moderate yields.
ChemInform Abstract: Direct Synthesis of Nitriles from Cleavage of C=C Double Bond with Nitrite as the Nitrogen Source and Oxidant.
Authors: Liu Qiang , Fang Bao , Bai Xiaohui , Liu Yuan , Wu Yao , Xu Guiming , Guo Cancheng
Published: September 2016

A variety of styrenes undergo nitrogenation reaction to afford the corresponding nitriles in high yields, whereas the reaction of internal alkenes (III) and (IV) proceeds sluggishly even under the optimized conditions.
ChemInform Abstract: Diastereo‐ and Enantioselective Synthesis of Spiro‐Pyrrolidine‐Pyrazolones by Squaramide‐Catalyzed Cascade Aza‐Michael/Michael Reactions.
Authors: Li Jun‐Hua , Wen Hongliang , Liu Lei , Du Da‐Ming
Published: September 2016

A series of novel spiropyrrolidine‐pyrazolones having three contiguous stereocenters are synthesized by cyclocondensation of arylidene pyrazolones (I) with tosylaminomethyl enones (II) in the presence of a squaramide catalyst.
ChemInform Abstract: Visible‐Light Photoredox Synthesis of Internal Alkynes Containing Quaternary Carbons.
Authors: Gao Chang , Li Jingjing , Yu Jipan , Yang Haijun , Fu Hua
Published: September 2016

via coupling reactions of N‐phthalimidoyl oxalates of tert‐alcohols with arylsulfonylalkynes (II)
ChemInform Abstract: Uniting C1‐Ammonium Enolates and Transition Metal Electrophiles via Cooperative Catalysis: The Direct Asymmetric α‐Allylation of Aryl Acetic Acid Esters.
Authors: Schwarz Kevin J. , Amos Jessica L. , Klein J. Cullen , Do Dung T. , Snaddon Thomas N.
Published: September 2016

Allylmethane sulfonate as well as diverse aryl substituted allyl carbonates efficiently react with pentafluorophenyl 2‐arylacetates to form α‐allylated products in high yields and with very high enantiomeric excesses.
ChemInform Abstract: Catalytic Enantioselective Conversion of Epoxides to Thiiranes.
Authors: Liao Saihu , Leutzsch Markus , Monaco Mattia Riccardo , List Benjamin
Published: September 2016

The Broensted acid‐catalyzed kinetic resolution of variously functionalized aryl epoxides delivers the thiiranes as well as the epoxides in very high yields and with very high enantiomeric excesses.
ChemInform Abstract: Copper‐Mediated Effective Synthesis of S‐Trifluoromethyl Esters by Trifluoromethylthiolation of Acid Chlorides.
Authors: Zhang Mengjia , Chen Jinliang , Chen Zhirong , Weng Zhiqiang
Published: September 2016

The reaction of copper bipyridine complex (I) with acyl chlorides (II) and (IV) leads to desired S‐trifluoromethyl esters (III) and (V) in good to excellent yields.
ChemInform Abstract: Lewis Acid‐Catalyzed Tandem Synthesis of 9‐Sulfonylamino‐ and 9‐Arylfluorenes.
Authors: Huang Dayun , Yang Weiguang , Zhang Jianlan , Wang Xuesong , Wang Xinyan , Hu Yuefei
Published: September 2016

9‐Arylfluorenes are simply prepared by heating a mixture of 2‐formyl biphenyls, Tos‐NCO, and arenes.
ChemInform Abstract: Phosphine‐Mediated Highly Enantioselective Spirocyclization with Ketimines as Substrates.
Authors: Han Xiaoyu , Chan Wai‐Lun , Yao Weijun , Wang Yongjiang , Lu Yixin
Published: September 2016

Isatin derived ketimines are applied for the first time in highly enantioselective phosphine‐catalyzed [3 + 2] annulation reactions with allenes.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis under Moderate Pressure of 3‐Imidazo[1,2‐a]pyridinylidene Pyrrol‐2‐ones.
Authors: Masurier Nicolas , Lebrun Aurelien , Canitrot Damien , Chezal Jean‐Michel , Moreau Emmanuel
Published: September 2016

Furan‐2‐ones (I) are converted into their pyrrol‐2‐one analogues upon treatment with aqueous ammonia under moderate pressure.
ChemInform Abstract: A Versatile Access to Vicinal Diamine Motifs by Highly anti‐Selective Asymmetric Vinylogous Mannich Reactions: An Efficient Total Synthesis of (+)‐Absouline.
Authors: Ye Jian‐Liang , Chen Hang , Zhang Yu‐Feng , Huang Pei‐Qiang
Published: September 2016

The vicinal diamine motif (Vd) is utilized in the efficient total synthesis of (+)‐absouline (VI).
ChemInform Abstract: Friedel—Crafts Fluoroacetylation of Indoles with Fluorinated Acetic Acids for the Synthesis of Fluoromethyl Indol‐3‐yl Ketones under Catalyst‐ and Additive‐Free Conditions.
Authors: Yao Shun‐Jiang , Ren Zhi‐Hui , Wang Yao‐Yu , Guan Zheng‐Hui
Published: September 2016

Various indole substrates such as (I), (VI), (IX) are used for the introduction of fluorinated acyl side chains at position 3.
ChemInform Abstract: Broensted Acid Catalyzed [3 + 2]‐Cycloaddition of 2‐Vinylindoles with in situ Generated 2‐Methide‐2H‐indoles: Highly Enantioselective Synthesis of Pyrrolo[1,2‐a]indoles.
Authors: Bera Kalisankar , Schneider Christoph
Published: September 2016

The title systems, important structural elements in natural products and pharmaceutical agents, are readily available in a highly enantioselective manner in the presence of the chiral phosphoric acid BPA.
ChemInform Abstract: Ligand‐Promoted C(sp3)—H Olefination en Route to Multi‐Functionalized Pyrazoles.
Authors: Yang Weibo , Ye Shengqing , Schmidt Yvonne , Stamos Dean , Yu Jin‐Quan
Published: September 2016

A broad spectrum of pyrazole substrates bearing a quaternary carbon center at position 3 and analogue (VIa) are successfully olefinated in the presence of the amino acid ligand AIL with Cu(O‐Ac)2 as the terminal oxidant.
ChemInform Abstract: Isomerizable (E/Z)‐Alkynyl‐O‐methyl Oximes Employing TMSCl—NCS in Chlorinative Cyclization for the Direct Synthesis of 4‐Chloroisoxazoles.
Authors: Kaewsri Wilailak , Thongsornkleeb Charnsak , Tummatorn Jumreang , Ruchirawat Somsak
Published: September 2016

The combination of TMSCl and NCS generates Cl2 and HCl in situ and the E‐oximes can isomerize to Z‐isomers under the reaction conditions.
ChemInform Abstract: Iron‐Catalyzed Cyclization of Aminothiols: An Easy Access to Benzothiazoles and Evaluation of Their Antimicrobial and anti‐Biofilm Activities.
Authors: Vinayak Botla , Reddy Marri Anil , Chiranjeevi Barreddi , Chandrashekharam Malapaka , Poornachandra Y. , Ganesh Kumar C.
Published: September 2016

Compound (V) bearing a carbazole moiety bridge between two benzothiazole scaffolds shows significant antimicrobial, minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC), and anti‐biofilm activities.
ChemInform Abstract: Reaction of Amidoximes with Acetonitrile at High Pressure
Authors: Baykov Sergey V. , Zharov Aleksey A. , Stashina Galina A. , Zavarzin Igor V. , Kofanov Evgeniy R.
Published: September 2016

affording 1,2,4‐oxadiazoles without the use of a catalyst
ChemInform Abstract: Convergent Three‐Component Tetrazole Synthesis.
Authors: Chandgude Ajay L. , Doemling Alexander
Published: September 2016

Microwave assisted reaction of carboxylic acid derivatives, amines, and TmsN3 provides 1,5‐disubstituted and various 1,5‐fused tetrazoles.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Characterization of New N‐Alkylated Pyridin‐2(1H)‐ones.
Authors: Sharma Atul Kumar , Yadav Preeti , Chand Karma , Sharma Sunil K.
Published: September 2016

Novel N‐alkylated pyridinone derivatives (16 examples) are synthesized and characterized from their physical and spectral data.
ChemInform Abstract: Cobalt‐Catalyzed Oxidase C—H/N—H Alkyne Annulation: Mechanistic Insights and Access to Anticancer Agents.
Authors: Mei Ruhuai , Wang Hui , Warratz Svenja , Macgregor Stuart A. , Ackermann Lutz
Published: September 2016

Cobalt‐catalyzed alkyne annulations by C—H/N—H functionalizations are accomplished with molecular O2 as the sole oxidant.
ChemInform Abstract: Baylis—Hillman Acetates in Synthesis: Copper(I)/tert‐Butyl Hydroperoxide Promoted One‐Pot Oxidative Intramolecular Cyclization Protocol for the Preparation of Pyrrole‐Fused Compounds and the Formal Synthesis of (.+‐.)‐Crispine A.
Authors: Basavaiah Deevi , Lingaiah Balthu , Reddy Guddeti Chandrashekar , Sahu Bharat Chandra
Published: September 2016

N‐Alkylation of tetrahydroisoquinolines or tryptoline with Baylis—Hillman acetates followed by intramolecular cyclization and oxdiative aromatization affords pyrrole‐fused compound including the precursor (VIII) of (.+‐.)‐crispine A.
ChemInform Abstract: Transition‐Metal Controlled Diastereodivergent Radical Cyclization/Azidation Cascade of 1,7‐Enynes.
Authors: Zhao Yingying , Hu Yancheng , Wang Haolong , Li Xincheng , Wan Boshun
Published: September 2016

Optimized reaction conditions employing copper or manganese salts allow the selective formation of cis‐ or trans‐fused pyrroloquinolinone from 1,7‐enynes.
ChemInform Abstract: Tandem Approach for the Synthesis of 3‐Sulfenylimidazo[1,5‐a]pyridines from Dithioesters.
Authors: Ramesha Ajjahalli. B. , Pavan Kumar Chottanahalli. S. , Sandhya Nagarakere. C. , Kumara Manikyanahalli. N. , Mantelingu Kempegowda , Rangappa Kanchugarakoppal. S.
Published: September 2016

A library of sulfenylimidazopyridines synthesized from dithioesters, 2‐methylaminopyridines, and sulfonyl hydrazides using iodine as the reagent under metal‐free conditions.
ChemInform Abstract: AlCl3‐Mediated Heteroarylation‐Cyclization Strategy: One‐Pot Synthesis of Fused Quinoxalines Containing the Central Core of Lamellarin D.
Authors: Kumar K. Shiva , Meesa Siddi Ramulu , Rajesham Bandari , Bhasker Boyapally , Ashfaq Mohd Ashraf , Khan Aleem Ahmed , Rao Sagurthi Someswar , Pal Manojit
Published: September 2016

Pyrano[3,4‐b]indole fused quinoxalines are synthesized from 1,2‐dichloroquinoxalines and indole‐2‐carboxylic acids using the title strategy.
ChemInform Abstract: A Palladium‐Catalyzed Tandem Reaction of 2‐Alkynylbenzenesulfonamides with 2‐(2‐Bromoarylidene)cyclobutanones.
Authors: Gong Xinxing , Xia Hongguang , Wu Jie
Published: September 2016

affording a range of benzothiazoninone dioxides in moderate to good yields
ChemInform Abstract: Disiloxane Synthesis Based on Silicon—Hydrogen Bond Activation Using Gold and Platinum on Carbon in Water or Heavy Water.
Authors: Sawama Yoshinari , et al.
Published: September 2016

Preliminary investigations reveal a high catalytic activity of 10% Au, Ru, Rh, Pd and Pt on charcoal with the gold catalyst being the optimal one.
ChemInform Abstract: Isolation and Biomimetic Total Synthesis of Tomentodiones A—B, Terpenoid‐Conjugated Phloroglucinols from the Leaves of Rhodomyrtus tomentosa.
Authors: Liu Hong‐Xin , Chen Kai , Tang Gui‐Hua , Yuan Yun‐Fei , Tan Hai‐Bo , Qiu Sheng‐Xiang
Published: September 2016

Tomentodiones A (I) and B (II) exhibit marginal antibacterial activity against E.
ChemInform Abstract: Regioselective Mono and Multiple Alkylation of Diols and Polyols Catalyzed by Organotin and Its Applications on the Synthesis of Value‐Added Carbohydrate Intermediates.
Authors: Xu Hengfu , Ren Bo , Zhao Wei , Xin Xiaoting , Lu Yuchao , Pei Yuxin , Dong Hai , Pei Zhichao
Published: September 2016

A series of 3‐alkylated pyranosides, e.g. galactopyranosides (V), is prepared by a Bu2SnCl2‐catalyzed regioselective monoalkylation.
ChemInform Abstract: First Total Synthesis of Dermocanarin 2.
Authors: Yamaguchi Satoru , Takahashi Nobuyuki , Yuyama Daisuke , Sakamoto Kayo , Suzuki Keisuke , Matsumoto Takashi
Published: September 2016

The synthesis of the axially chiral natural dermocanarin 2 features the construction of the anthraquinone and naphthoquinone onto an axially chiral biphenyl intermediate followed by a stereoselective aldol reaction for the implementation of the stereogenic center in the side chain.
ChemInform Abstract: SrMoO4:Er3+‐Yb3+ Upconverting Phosphor for Photonic and Forensic Applications.
Authors: Soni Abhishek Kumar , Rai Vineet Kumar
Published: September 2016

Polycrystalline SrMoO4:Er3+(0.3 mol%),Yb3+ (1—4 mol%) codoped samples are prepared by precipitation from HNO3 solutions of SrCO3, (NH4)6Mo7O24, Er2O3, and Yb2O3 via addition of NH4OH and subsequent firing (Al2O3 crucible, ≈500 °C; annealing at ≈800 °C).
ChemInform Abstract: Immobilization of Polyoxometalates in Crystalline Solids for Highly Efficient Heterogeneous Catalysis
Authors: Ye Ji‐Jie , Wu Chuan‐De
Published: September 2016

Review: 109 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Enantioselective Iron Catalysts
Authors: Ollevier Thierry , Keipour Hoda
Published: September 2016

Review: 174 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Imidodiphosphoric Acid Catalysis
Authors: Langdon Steven M.
Published: September 2016

Review: [49 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Development of Solvent‐Driven Iron‐Catalyzed Reactions
Authors: Itoh Toshiyuki
Published: September 2016

Review: [54 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Recent Advances in Catalytic Decarboxylative Acylation Reactions via a Radical Process
Authors: Guo Li‐Na , Wang Hua , Duan Xin‐Hua
Published: September 2016

Review: [23 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Studies in Organic and Physical Photochemistry — An Interdisciplinary Approach
Authors: Oelgemoeller Michael , Hoffmann Norbert
Published: September 2016

Review: 229 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Recent Advances in the Template‐Directed Synthesis of Porphyrin Nanorings
Authors: Wang Shu‐Ping , Shen Yan‐Feng , Zhu Ben‐Yue , Wu Jing , Li Shijun
Published: September 2016

Review: [44 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Spectrometric Methods for Determination of Ligand—Protein Ratio in Monoclonal Conjugates: A Mini Review
Authors: Nesmerak Karel , Trminkova Pavlina
Published: September 2016

Review: 17 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Amyloid‐β Containing Isoaspartate 7 as Potential Biomarker and Drug Target in Alzheimer′s Disease
Authors: Kozin Sergey A. , Mitkevich Vladimir A. , Makarov Alexander A.
Published: September 2016

Review: 87 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: A Critical Overview on the Chemistry, Clean‐Up and Recent Advances in Analysis of Biogenic Amines in Foodstuffs
Authors: Mohammed G. I. , Bashammakh A. S. , Alsibaai A. A. , Alwael H. , El‐Shahawi M. S.
Published: September 2016

Review: 100 refs.
A Triazinone Derivative Inhibits HIV‐1 Replication by Interfering with Reverse Transcriptase Activity
Authors: Urano Emiko , Miyauchi Kosuke , Kojima Yoko , Hamatake Makiko , Ablan Sherimay D. , Fudo Satoshi , Freed Eric O. , Hoshino Tyuji , Komano Jun
Published: September 2016

A novel HIV‐1 inhibitor, 6‐(tert‐butyl)‐4‐phenyl‐4‐(trifluoromethyl)‐1H,3H‐1,3,5‐triazin‐2‐one (compound 1), was identified from a compound library screened for the ability to inhibit HIV‐1 replication. EC50 values of compound 1 were found to range from 107.9 to 145.4 nm against primary HIV‐1 clinical isolates. In in vitro assays, HIV‐1 reverse transcriptase (RT) activity was inhibited by compound 1 with an EC50 of 4.3 μm. An assay for resistance to compound 1 selected a variant of HIV‐1 with a RT mutation (RTL100I); this frequently identified mutation confers mild resistance to non‐nucleoside RT inhibitors (NNRTIs). A recombinant HIV‐1 bearing RTL100I exhibited a 41‐fold greater resistance to compound 1 than the wild‐type virus. Compound 1 was also effective against HIV‐1 with RTK103N, one of the major mutations that confers substantial resistance to NNRTIs. Computer‐assisted docking simulations indicated that compound 1 binds to the RT NNRTI binding pocket in a manner similar to that of efavirenz; however, the putative compound 1 binding site is located further from RTK103 than that of efavirenz. Compound 1 is a novel NNRTI with a unique drug‐resistance profile.
Cytology smears as excellent starting material for next‐generation sequencing‐based molecular testing of patients with adenocarcinoma of the lung
Authors: Velizheva Nadezda P. , Rechsteiner Markus P. , Wong Christine E. , Zhong Qing , Rössle Matthias , Bode Beata , Moch Holger , Soltermann Alex , Wild Peter J. , Tischler Verena
Published: September 2016

BACKGROUND

Molecular testing of lung adenocarcinomas (ADCs) is crucial for therapy stratification of patients. Because of the often limited diagnostic material, the authors aimed to explore the suitability of cytology smears for next‐generation sequencing (NGS) and compared the results with concurrent histological specimens or cell blocks.

METHODS

A total of 16 formalin‐fixed paraffin‐embedded (FFPE) ADCs with known genetic alterations were used as the first cohort for targeted DNA and RNA sequencing. In the second cohort of 8 cases, 8 cytological smears were compared with matching histological specimens or cell blocks for the study. For NGS library amplification, commercially available panels for DNA and RNA sequencing were applied. The Ion Torrent Personal Genome Machine and the Ion Reporter workflow (version 5.0) were used for sequencing.

RESULTS

All DNA libraries derived from FFPE and non‐formalin‐fixed cytological smear samples produced acceptable quality metrics, thereby enabling successful targeted DNA sequencing (100% performance). Targeted RNA sequencing failed in 1 FFPE case and 1 cytology probe by not reaching enough mapped fusion reads (92% performance rate). All previously detected mutations and gene rearrangements could be confirmed (sensitivity of 100%), whereas specificity of the DNA‐based NGS assay reached 96%.

CONCLUSIONS

The results of the current study demonstrated the suitability of non‐formalin cytology specimens for the simultaneous NGS testing of lung ADCs using amplicon resequencing panels. These assays allowed for the input of cytological smears equal to concurrent histology or cell blocks and proved to be accurate in the detection of therapeutically actionable somatic mutations and gene rearrangements. Cancer Cytopathol 2017;125:30‐40. © 2016 American Cancer Society.
Diagnosis of trichomoniasis in men by urine cytology
Authors: Doxtader Erika E. , Elsheikh Tarik M.
Published: September 2016

BACKGROUND

Trichomonas vaginalis is a rare finding in urine cytology specimens, especially those from men; only 2 case reports have been described in the literature. The authors of the current report sought to determine the incidence and clinical significance of this finding in urine cytology in males.

METHODS

The authors' cytopathology archives were queried for urine cytology specimens that contained Trichomonas over a 30‐year period. Clinical information from men with Trichomonas‐positive urines was reviewed retrospectively. Slides were reviewed, and the morphologic characteristics of the organisms were recorded.

RESULTS

Trichomonas was detected in 73 of 60,000 urine cytology specimens (0.1%). The patients included 45 women and 28 men. Men with Trichomonas in their urine ranged in age from 28 to 87 years (mean age, 67 years; median, 71 years). Trichomonas organisms were round to oval, with eccentric nuclei and cytoplasmic granules. Acute inflammation was observed in 6 of 7 cases. Clinical history was available in 13 of 28 men. Lower urinary tract symptoms were reported in 10 of 13 men, most commonly hematuria; and urethral strictures were identified by cystoscopy in 3 of 13 men. Clinical follow‐up was available for 10 of 13 patients; of these, 8 (80%) had received treatment with metronidazole based on urine cytology results.

CONCLUSIONS

This study is the largest series of Trichomonas infection in men diagnosed by urine cytology in the literature. Most men had no prior diagnosis of trichomoniasis and received specific antibiotic therapy based on their urine cytology results. Urine cytology may represent the initial diagnostic test for Trichomonas in men, and accurate cytologic diagnosis may prevent undesired adverse outcomes for them and their partners. Cancer Cytopathol 2017;125:55‐59. © 2016 American Cancer Society.
Cytomorphology of clear cell papillary renal cell carcinoma
Authors: Lin Xiaoqi
Published: September 2016

BACKGROUND

Clear cell papillary renal cell carcinoma (CCPRCC) shares some morphologic and immunohistochemical markers with clear cell RCC and papillary RCC. To the author's knowledge, its cytomorphology on fine‐needle aspiration (FNA) or touch preparations (TPs) of core needle biopsy specimens has not been well delineated in the English language literature.

METHODS

The FNA/TP cytomorphology of 7 retrieved cases was studied.

RESULTS

The tumor cells were arranged in small nests (100%), 3‐dimensional clusters (71%), papillary/tubular/acinar arrays (43%), and as single cells (57%). The tumor cells were columnar (100%) and polygonal (57%) in shape, with eccentric, small, round‐to‐oval nuclei. The nuclei contained evenly distributed, fine granular chromatin and demonstrated a smooth nuclear membrane (100%) (Fuhrman grade 1 to 2). The tumor cells had a moderate amount of delicate or clear cytoplasm containing small vacuoles (100%) and ill‐defined cytoplasmic borders (100%). Scattered macrophages (57%) and necrosis (29%) were identified in the background. Vessels were noted within the papillary cores, transversing or surrounding nests of tumors. Immunochemical studies demonstrated expression of cytokeratin 7 (CK7) (100%), carbonic anhydrase IX (CA 9) (100% in a cup‐shaped membranous pattern), α‐methylacyl‐CoA racemase (AMACR) (50%), and CD10 (43%). The tumor cells were negative for CD117.

CONCLUSIONS

CCPRCC was found to demonstrate cytologic features that when taken together are helpful in diagnosing CCPRCC on FNA smears and TPs. If core needle biopsy specimens or cell blocks are available, an immunohistochemical panel including CK7, CA IX, CD10, and AMACR may help in excluding congeners. This subtype of RCC requires differentiation from clear cell RCC and papillary RCC due to its low‐grade indolent behavior. Cancer Cytopathol 2017;125:48‐54. © 2016 American Cancer Society.
In Vitro Drug Metabolism Using Liver Microsomes
Authors: Knights Kathleen M. , Stresser David M. , Miners John O. , Crespi Charles L.
Published: September 2016

Knowledge of the metabolic stability of newly discovered drug candidates eliminated by metabolism is essential for predicting the pharmacokinetic (PK) parameters that underpin dosing and dosage frequency. Further, characterization of the enzyme(s) responsible for metabolism (reaction phenotyping) allows prediction, at least at the qualitative level, of factors (including metabolic drug‐drug interactions) likely to alter the clearance of both new chemical entities (NCEs) and established drugs. Microsomes are typically used as the enzyme source for the measurement of metabolic stability and for reaction phenotyping because they express the major drug‐metabolizing enzymes cytochrome P450 (CYP) and UDP‐glucuronosyltransferase (UGT), along with others that contribute to drug metabolism. Described in this unit are methods for microsome isolation, as well as for the determination of metabolic stability and metabolite formation (including kinetics). © 2016 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
The Prospecting Shortcut to an Old Molecule: Formaldehyde Synthesis at Low Temperature in Solution
Authors: Heim Leo E. , Konnerth Hannelore , Prechtl Martin H. G.
Published: September 2016

Over 30 megatons of formaldehyde are required per year and industrially produced through three high‐temperature gas‐phase processes: i) natural gas reforming to syngas, ii) methanol synthesis, and iii) partial oxidation to formaldehyde with limited selectivity. In vast contrast to these energy‐intensive oxidative and dehydrogenative methods, a reductive “top‐down” methodology using CO2 and CO as carbon source would be desirable and is not very well present in the literature for more than 100 years. The key to success is the reaction performance in liquid solution in water or methanol at low temperature.
Effects of Intranasal Oxytocin on Long‐Term Memory in Healthy Humans: A Systematic Review
Authors: Brambilla Michela , Manenti Rosa , de Girolamo Giovanni , Adenzato Mauro , Bocchio‐Chiavetto Luisella , Cotelli Maria
Published: September 2016

Preclinical Research

The neuropeptide oxytocin (Oxt) is implicated in complex emotional and social behaviors and appears to play an important role in learning and memory. Animal studies have shown that the effects of exogenous Oxt on memory vary according to the timing of administration, context, gender, and dose and may improve the memory of social, but not nonsocial stimuli. Oxt is intimately involved in a broad array of neuropsychiatric functions and may therefore be a pharmacological target for several psychiatric disorders. This review summarizes the potential effects of Oxt on long‐term memory processes in healthy humans based on a PubMed search over the period 1980–2016. The effects of intranasal Oxt on human memory are controversial and the studies included in this review have applied a variety of learning paradigms, in turn producing variable outcomes. Specifically, data on the long‐term memory of nonemotional stimuli found no effect or even worsening in memory, while studies using emotional stimuli showed an improvement of long‐term memory performance. In conclusion, this review identified a link between long‐term memory performance and exogenous intranasal Oxt in humans, although these results still warrant further confirmation in large, multicenter randomized controlled trials. Drug Dev Res 77 : 479–488, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Genetic and environmental associations between body dissatisfaction, weight preoccupation, and binge eating: Evidence for a common factor with differential loadings across symptom type
Authors: O'Connor Shannon M. , Beam Christopher R. , Luo Xiaochen , Cohen L. Adelyn , VanHuysse Jessica L. , Emery Robert E. , Turkheimer Eric , Keel Pamela K. , Burt S. Alexandra , Neale Michael , Boker Steven , Klump Kelly
Published: September 2016

Objective

Prior twin studies provide support for a single “common factor” that contributes genetic and environmental risk to a range of disordered eating symptoms. However, the common factor may be indexed less well by binge eating (BE) than other symptoms of eating disorders [i.e., body dissatisfaction (BD) and weight preoccupation (WP)]. We sought to explore the presence of a common factor and test whether loadings differed across three key symptoms (i.e., BE, BD, WP).

Method

Disordered eating was assessed via self‐report in 631 female twin pairs from the Michigan State University Twin Registry.

Results

We detected a common disordered eating factor that was influenced primarily by additive genetic and nonshared environmental influences. However, we observed different loadings on this common factor by symptom type, as factor loadings for BD and WP were stronger than that for BE. Moreover, the residual environmental and/or genetic variances (i.e., those that are independent of the common factor) were larger in BE than those of BD or WP.

Discussion

Although all three symptoms share a common set of genetic and environmental influences, risk for BE may involve additional genetic, biological, and environmental factors that are not shared with other symptoms of eating pathology. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.(Int J Eat Disord 2017; 50:157–161)
Swimming with the giant: coexistence patterns of a new redfin minnow Pseudobarbus skeltoni from a global biodiversity hot spot
Authors: Kadye Wilbert T. , Chakona Albert , Jordaan Martine S.
Published: September 2016

Ecological niche theory predicts that coexistence is facilitated by resource partitioning mechanisms that are influenced by abiotic and biotic interactions. Alternative hypotheses suggest that under certain conditions, species may become phenotypically similar and functionally equivalent, which invokes the possibility of other mechanisms, such as habitat filtering processes. To test these hypotheses, we examined the coexistence of the giant redfin Pseudobarbus skeltoni, a newly described freshwater fish, together with its congener Pseudobabus burchelli and an anabantid Sandelia capensis by assessing their scenopoetic and bionomic patterns. We found high habitat and isotope niche overlaps between the two redfins, rendering niche partitioning a less plausible sole mechanism that drives their coexistence. By comparison, environment–trait relationships revealed differences in species–environment relationships, making habitat filtering and functional equivalence less likely alternatives. Based on P. skeltoni's high habitat niche overlap with other species, and its large isotope niche width, we inferred the likelihood of differential resource utilization at trophic level as an alternative mechanism that distinguished it from its congener. In comparison, its congener P. burchelli appeared to have a relatively small trophic niche, suggesting that its trophic niche was more conserved despite being the most abundant species. By contrast, S. capensis was distinguished by occupying a higher trophic position and by having a trophic niche that had a low probability of overlapping onto those of redfins. Therefore, trophic niche partitioning appeared to influence the coexistence between S. capensis and redfins. This study suggests that coexistence of these fishes appears to be promoted by their differences in niche adaptation mechanisms that are probably shaped by historic evolutionary and ecological processes.
Explaining naturalization and invasiveness: new insights from historical ornamental plant catalogs
Authors: Lavoie Claude , Joly Simon , Bergeron Alexandre , Guay Geneviève , Groeneveld Elisabeth
Published: September 2016

We identified plant attributes associated with naturalization and invasiveness using century‐old ornamental plant catalogs from Québec (Canada). We tested the hypothesis that naturalization is determined by fewer factors than invasiveness, as the latter also requires dispersal, which introduces additional complexity. The approach we used took into account not only plant attributes as explanatory factors, but also propagule pressure, while accounting for phylogenetic relationships among species. Museum collections were used, in combination with scientific journal databases, to assess invasiveness. Particular attention was given to species that never escaped from gardens and thus represent cases of “failed” invasions. Naturalization in cold‐temperate environments is determined by fewer factors than invasion, but only if phylogenetic links between species are taken into account, highlighting the importance of phylogenetic tools for analyzing species pools not resulting from a random selection of taxa. Hardiness is the main factor explaining naturalization in Québec. Invasion requires dispersal, as shown by three significant variables associated with the spread of diaspores in the invasiveness model (seed weight, hydrochory, number of seed dispersal modes). Plants that are not cold‐hardy are likely to disappear from the market or nature, but the disappearance phenomenon is more complex, involving also seed dispersal abilities and propagule pressure. Factors contributing to naturalization or invasiveness may differ greatly between regions. Differences are due in part to the plant traits used in the models and the methodology. However, this study, conducted in a cold‐temperate region, sheds new light on what is likely a context (climatic)‐dependant phenomenon.
Biogeography of a plant invasion: genetic variation and plasticity in latitudinal clines for traits related to herbivory
Authors: Bhattarai Ganesh P. , Meyerson Laura A. , Anderson Jack , Cummings David , Allen Warwick J. , Cronin James T.
Published: September 2016

The juxtaposition of plant‐species invasions with latitudinal gradients in herbivore pressure is an important yet mostly unexplored issue in invasion biology. Latitudinal clines in defense and palatability to herbivores are expected to exist in native plant species but the evolution of these clines may lag behind for invasive plant species resulting in non‐parallel latitudinal clines that may impact invasion success. Our study focused on a native and European invasive lineages of the common reed Phragmites australis in North America. Using native and invasive genotypes of P. australis collected across a 17° latitudinal range, we performed experiments in replicate northern and southern common gardens to investigate whether these two lineages exhibited different genetically based latitudinal clines in defenses, nutritional condition, and palatability to their herbivores, the aphid Hyalopterus pruni and the fall armyworm Spodoptera frugiperda. We also tested whether invasive genotypes are more phenotypically plastic than native genotypes and whether plasticity varies with latitude. Although invasive genotypes did not exhibit higher defense levels (leaf toughness, phenolics, percent carbon), they were considerably less palatable to their herbivores than native genotypes. Genetically based latitudinal clines were evident for both native and invasive P. australis and for all defenses, nutrients, and at least one palatability trait for each herbivore. In 36% of the cases where clines were evident, they were non‐parallel between the two lineages. These data suggest that clines in the invasive genotypes of P. australis evolved within the past ~100 years. Moreover, our study showed that the occurrence and direction of latitudinal clines in plant traits were commonly dependent on where the study was conducted (north or south), indicating strong phenotypic plasticity in these genetic‐based clines. Finally, traits for invasive genotypes of P. australis were 2.5 times more plastic than traits for native genotypes. Interestingly, plasticity for native but not invasive genotypes was strongly dependent on latitude of origin. Such spatial heterogeneity within and between the native and invasive lineages of P. australis with respect to their interactions with herbivores can generate substantial spatial variability in biotic resistance that can have important implications for the establishment and spread of invasive genotypes and species.