bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Results of patch testing with five fragrance materials hitherto not tested: A dose‐finding study in the clinical population
Authors: Sukakul Thanisorn , Uter Wolfgang , Gonçalo Margarida , Huggard Joseph , Ljubojević Hadžavdić Suzana , Schuttelaar Marie L. A. , Svedman Cecilia , Vey Matthias , Isaksson Marléne , Niklasson Bo , Rustemeyer Thomas , Bruze Magnus
Published: February 2024

Background

Quantitative risk assessment (QRA) for skin sensitization is used to derive safe use levels of sensitising fragrance ingredients in products. Post‐marketing surveillance of the prevalence of contact allergy to these ingredients provides relevant data to help evaluate the performance of these measures.

Objectives

To determine a suitable patch test concentration for five fragrance materials that had hitherto not been tested on a regular basis. These concentrations are then to be used in a surveillance study with patch testing consecutive patients over an extended monitoring period.

Materials and Methods

Furaneol, CAS.3658‐77‐3; trans‐2‐hexenal, CAS.6728‐26‐3; 4,8‐dimethyl‐4,9‐decadienal, CAS.71077‐31‐1; longifolene, CAS.475‐20‐7; benzaldehyde, CAS.10052‐7, were patch tested with other fragrance allergens in four clinics. Patch testing was conducted in three rounds, starting with the lowest concentrations of the five ingredients. The doses were increased in the subsequent rounds if no late‐appearing positive reactions and virtually no irritant reactions were reported.

Results

Overall, 373 patients were tested. No positive allergic reaction was reported to the five ingredients. Patch test results of other fragrance allergens are reported.

Conclusions

The highest test concentrations are each considered safe for patch testing consecutive patients. Further surveillance based on these preparations will evaluate the hypothesis that QRA‐driven consumer product levels of these fragrances can prevent sensitization.
Nutrient metabolism in regulating intestinal stem cell homeostasis
Authors: Shi Ruicheng , Wang Bo
Published: February 2024

Intestinal stem cells (ISCs) are known for their remarkable proliferative capacity, making them one of the most active cell populations in the body. However, a high turnover rate of intestinal epithelium raises the likelihood of dysregulated homeostasis, which is known to cause various diseases, including cancer. Maintaining precise control over the homeostasis of ISCs is crucial to preserve the intestinal epithelium's integrity during homeostasis or stressed conditions. Recent research has indicated that nutrients and metabolic pathways can extensively modulate the fate of ISCs. This review will explore recent findings concerning the influence of various nutrients, including lipids, carbohydrates, and vitamin D, on the delicate balance between ISC proliferation and differentiation.
Comparing tonic and phasic dendritic calcium in cholinergic pedunculopontine neurons and dopaminergic substantia nigra neurons
Authors: Chen Rita Yu‐Tzu , Evans Rebekah C.
Published: February 2024

Several brainstem nuclei degenerate in Parkinson's disease (PD). In addition to the well‐characterized dopaminergic neurons of the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc), the cholinergic neurons of the pedunculopontine nucleus (PPN) also degenerate in PD. One leading hypothesis of selective vulnerability is that pacemaking activity and the activation of low‐threshold L‐type calcium current are major contributors to tonic calcium load and cellular stress in SNc dopaminergic neurons. However, it is not yet clear whether the vulnerable PPN cholinergic neurons share this property. Therefore, we used two‐photon dendritic calcium imaging and whole‐cell electrophysiology to evaluate the role of L‐type calcium channels in tonic and phasic dendritic calcium signals in PPN and SNc neurons. In addition, we investigated N‐ and P/Q‐type calcium channel regulation of firing properties and dendritic calcium in PPN neurons. We found that blocking L‐type channels reduces tonic firing rate and dendritic calcium levels in SNc neurons. By contrast, the tonic calcium load in PPN neurons did not depend on L‐, N‐ or P/Q‐type channels. However, we found that blocking either L‐type (with nifedipine) or N‐ and P/Q‐type (with omega‐conotoxin MVIIC) channels reduces phasic calcium influx in PPN dendrites. Together, these findings show that L‐type calcium channels play different roles in the activity of SNc and PPN neurons, and suggest that low‐threshold L‐type channels are not responsible for tonic calcium levels in PPN cholinergic neurons and are therefore not likely to be a source of selective vulnerability in these cells.
Responses of intraspecific metabolic scaling to temperature and activity differ between water‐ and air‐breathing ectothermic vertebrates
Authors: García‐Gómez Guillermo , Hirst Andrew G. , Spencer Matthew , Atkinson David
Published: February 2024

Metabolism underpins all life‐sustaining processes and varies profoundly with body size, temperature and locomotor activity. A current theory explains some of the size‐dependence of metabolic rate (its mass exponent, b) through changes in metabolic level (L). We propose two predictive advances that: (a) combine the above theory with the evolved avoidance of oxygen limitation in water‐breathers experiencing warming, and (b) quantify the overall magnitude of combined temperatures and degrees of locomotion on metabolic scaling across air‐ and water‐breathers. We use intraspecific metabolic scaling responses to temperature (523 regressions) and activity (281 regressions) in diverse ectothermic vertebrates (fish, reptiles and amphibians) to show that b decreases with temperature‐increased L in water‐breathers, supporting surface area‐related avoidance of oxygen limitation, whereas b increases with activity‐increased L in air‐breathers, following volume‐related influences. This new theoretical integration quantitatively incorporates different influences (warming, locomotion) and respiration modes (aquatic, terrestrial) on animal energetics.
Distribution and stable isotope ratio characteristics of Japanese eel leptocephali in relation to hydrographic structure of their Pacific Ocean spawning area
Authors: Kimura Shingo , Miyazaki Sachie , Onda Hiroaki , Kitagawa Takashi , Miyake Yoichi , Miller Michael J. , Tsukamoto Katsumi
Published: February 2024

To understand the larval distribution, size variation, and stable isotope ratios of Japanese eel leptocephali in relation to the salinity front and their feeding ecology, larvae from 7 research cruises (2002–2013) in the North Equatorial Current (NEC) spawning area were examined. The smallest early‐stage larvae were distributed south of or near the salinity front, confirming that the salinity front is an important oceanic feature to understand spawning locations of the Japanese eel. Larger size larvae tended to distribute into higher latitudes. Transport to northern latitudes with their growth would facilitate transport into the Kuroshio region, but retention in the Subtropical Countercurrent (STCC) might be detrimental. Preleptocephalus isotope ratios reflected maternal ratios, but feeding‐stage leptocephali (8–56 mm) tended to have higher ∂15N values at lower latitudes typically in areas south of a salinity front. Feeding larvae quickly assimilate isotope ratios from the NEC after spawning and early growth. Large differences of ∂13C values of larvae between the NEC and STCC might vary with spatial baselines in the two currents. However, diel vertical migrations should be considered, because the isotope ratios in particulate organic matter distinctly depend on the depth. Comparisons among Japanese eel larvae and other taxa of leptocephali in the NEC illustrate the need for further studies on the trophic ecology of leptocephali.
Modeling denitrification nitrogen losses in China's rice fields based on multiscale field‐experiment constraints
Authors: Zhang Huayan , Adalibieke Wulahati , Ba Wenxin , Butterbach‐Bahl Klaus , Yu Longfei , Cai Andong , Fu Jin , Yu Haoming , Zhang Wantong , Huang Weichen , Jian Yiwei , Jiang Wenjun , Zhao Zheng , Luo Jiafa , Deng Jia , Zhou Feng
Published: February 2024

Denitrification plays a critical role in soil nitrogen (N) cycling, affecting N availability in agroecosystems. However, the challenges in direct measurement of denitrification products (NO, N2O, and N2) hinder our understanding of denitrification N losses patterns across the spatial scale. To address this gap, we constructed a data‐model fusion method to map the county‐scale denitrification N losses from China's rice fields over the past decade. The estimated denitrification N losses as a percentage of N application from 2009 to 2018 were 11.8 ± 4.0% for single rice, 12.4 ± 3.7% for early rice, and 11.6 ± 3.1% for late rice. The model results showed that the spatial heterogeneity of denitrification N losses is primarily driven by edaphic and climatic factors rather than by management practices. In particular, diffusion and production rates emerged as key contributors to the variation of denitrification N losses. These findings humanize a 38.9 ± 4.8 kg N ha−1 N loss by denitrification and challenge the common hypothesis that substrate availability drives the pattern of N losses by denitrification in rice fields.
Nitrogen application during rhizoma peanut shoot emergence affects planting‐year nitrogen fixation
Authors: Aryal Parmeshwor , Sollenberger Lynn E. , Dubeux José C. B.
Published: February 2024

Rhizoma peanut (Arachis glabrata Benth.; RP) is an important perennial forage legume in the US Gulf Coast region, but it is vegetatively propagated from rhizomes and relatively slow to establish. There are reports that N fertilization enhances RP establishment, but other evidence suggests plant N content and establishment rate may not benefit. Understanding the effect of N fertilizer on RP biological N2 fixation will help elucidate this response. Our objective was to determine the effect of RP genotype and N fertilization during shoot emergence on N2 fixation and N accumulation during the year of planting. Replicated field experiments were conducted in adjoining fields; one was planted in 2016 and the other in 2017. Treatments were the factorial combinations of two RP entries (decumbent germplasm Ecoturf and upright cultivar ‘UF Tito’) and three N rates (0, 40, and 80 kg N ha−1 applied 10 wk after planting; 1% of total N as 15N) arranged in a randomized complete block design with four replications. Across N rates, upright cultivar UF Tito generally had greater N concentration and content in aboveground and belowground plant parts compared with decumbent germplasm Ecoturf. Nitrogen fertilization generally reduced the percentage of N derived from atmosphere and the amount of fixed N (BNF) during the year of planting, but it did not affect overall N concentration or content. These data suggest RP increased soil N uptake to compensate for reduced BNF following N fertilization, indicating starter N application had no measurable benefit for legume establishment under these conditions.
Self‐recognition through Dectin‐1 exacerbates liver inflammation
Authors: Torigoe Shota , Lowman Douglas W. , Sugiki Toshihiko , Williams David L. , Yamasaki Sho
Published: February 2024

Dectin‐1 is a well‐characterized C‐type lectin receptor involved in anti‐fungal immunity through the recognition of polysaccharides; however, molecular mechanisms and outcomes initiated through self‐recognition have not been fully understood. Here, we purified a water‐soluble fraction from mouse liver that acts as a Dectin‐1 agonist. To address the physiological relevance of this recognition, we utilized sterile liver inflammation models. The CCl4‐induced hepatitis model showed that Dectin‐1 deficiency led to reduced inflammation through decreased inflammatory cell infiltration and lower pro‐inflammatory cytokine levels. Moreover, in a NASH model induced by streptozotocin and a high‐fat diet, hepatic inflammation and fibrosis were ameliorated in Dectin‐1‐deficient mice. The Dectin‐1 agonist activity was increased in the water‐soluble fraction from NASH mice, suggesting a potential pathogenic cycle between Dectin‐1 activation and hepatitis progression. In vivo administration of the fraction into mice induced hepatic inflammation. These results highlight a role of self‐recognition through Dectin‐1 that triggers hepatic innate immune responses and contributes to the exacerbation of inflammation in pathogenic settings. Thus, the blockade of this axis may provide a therapeutic option for liver inflammatory diseases.
Physical activity and factor VIII levels in patients with haemophilia: A real‐world prospective observational study
Authors: Tomschi Fabian , Hmida Jamil , Herzig Steffen , Ransmann Pia , Brühl Marius , Schmidt Alexander , Herzig Marie , Goldmann Georg , Strauß Andreas C. , Oldenburg Johannes , Richter Heinrich , Hilberg Thomas
Published: February 2024

Introduction

Regular physical activity (PA) is recommended for patients with haemophilia (PwH). For PwH it is crucial to ensure a sufficient factor level to prevent PA‐induced bleedings. However, there is a gap in the literature dealing with specific factor levels, which are needed when performing specific types of PA.

Aim

To provide data on factor VIII (FVIII) levels at the start of PA performed by PwH.

Methods

In this prospective 12‐month real‐world observational study, 23 PwH recorded every PA they performed and the FVIII levels at the start of the PA using a pharmacokinetic application. PA types were clustered according to the collision and injury risk into three categories (Cat I = low, Cat II = medium, Cat III = high risk). Haemophilia Joint Health Scores (HJHS) were performed at baseline, after 6 and 12 months.

Results

795 PA sessions of Cat I, 193 of Cat II, and 23 of Cat III were documented. FVIII levels at the start of PA were different between categories (Cat I: 29.8 ± 32.1%, Cat II: 38.3 ± 33.4%, Cat III: 86.6 ± 29.2%). Out of all PA sessions, 145 (14%) were performed at a factor level of ≤3%. Three PA‐induced bleeding occurred. Baseline HJHS was 14.5 ± 13.6 points and did not change throughout the study.

Conclusion

This study provides real‐life data on FVIII levels at the start of 1011 PA sessions. PwH are mainly active in low‐risk sports with higher FVIII levels observed in Cat II and III, respectively. Only three PA‐induced bleeding occurred, even though several PA were started with low FVIII levels.
Acute upper limb ischemia caused by thrombus shedding during arteriovenous graft thrombolysis: A case report
Authors: Sun Changli , Wan Ziming , Lai Qiquan , Tu Bo , Chen Bo
Published: February 2024

Acute upper limb ischemia is a rare, potentially limb‐ or life‐threatening vascular emergency that may lead to limb dysfunction or amputation. We present a patient undergoing maintenance hemodialysis who was hospitalized for arteriovenous graft thrombus complicated by acute upper limb ischemia arising from thrombus shedding to the fingertip arteries during thrombolysis. We successfully restored fingertip arterial patency, avoided amputation, and recovered the function of the arteriovenous graft by precise thrombolysis, anticoagulation, correction of arteriospasm, and percutaneous transluminal angioplasty. This case provides a basis for vascular access surgeons to treat acute upper limb ischemia caused by thromboembolism similarly.
Mountain is calling – decrypting the vocal phenology of an alpine bird species using passive acoustic monitoring
Authors: Serrurier Amandine , Zdroik Przemyslaw , Isler Res , Kornienko Tatiana , Peris‐Morente Elisenda , Sattler Thomas , Pradervand Jean‐Nicolas
Published: February 2024

Monitoring vulnerable species inhabiting mountain environments is crucial to track population trends and prioritize conservation efforts. However, the challenging nature of these remote areas poses difficulties in implementing effective and consistent monitoring programmes. To address these challenges, we examined the potential of passive acoustic monitoring of a cryptic high mountain bird species, the Rock Ptarmigan Lagopus muta. For 5 months in each of two consecutive years, we deployed 38 autonomous recording units in 10 areas of the Swiss Alps where the species is monitored by a national count monitoring programme. Once the recordings were collected, we built a machine‐learning algorithm to automate call recognition. We focused on studying the species' daily and seasonal calling phenology and relating these to meteorological and climatic data. Rock Ptarmigans were vocally active from March to July, with a peak of activity occurring between mid‐March and late April, 1 or 2 months earlier than the second half of May when the counts of the monitoring programme take place. The calling rate peaked at dawn before dropping rapidly until sunrise. Daily vocal activity demonstrated a consistent association with weather conditions and moon phase, whereas the timing of seasonal vocal activity varied with temperature and snow conditions. We found that the peak of vocal activity occurred when the snowpack was still thick and snow cover was close to 100% but with a local peak of high temperatures. Between our two study years, the peak of vocal activity occurred 30 days later in the colder year, suggesting phenological plasticity in relation to environmental conditions. Passive acoustic monitoring has the potential to complement conventional acoustic counts of cryptic birds by highlighting periods of higher detectability of individuals, and to survey small populations that often remain undetected during single visits. Moreover, our study supports the idea that passive acoustic monitoring can provide valuable data over large spatial and temporal scales, allowing decryption of hidden ecological patterns and assisting in conservation efforts.
In‐situ reaction sintered ReB2–B4C composite by reactive spark plasma sintering
Authors: Long Ying , Wang Shixuan , Zhang Guihao , Lin Hua‐Tay
Published: February 2024

The high cost of ReB2 limits its application as a member of novel high‐hardness materials, which can be alleviated by forming composites with cheap compound(s). In the present study, a dense ReB2–B4C composite was fabricated via in situ reactive sintering by spark plasma sintering with Re and B13C2 (Re:B = 1:20) as raw materials. The phase composition, microstructure, Vickers hardness, and fracture toughness of the obtained composite were characterized, and the reaction mechanism, crack propagation, and toughening mechanism were clarified. XRD, SEM, Raman, and XPS results revealed that the obtained composite is mainly composed of ReB2 and B4C phases, with a small amount of free B and graphite coexisted. Vickers hardness of 33.5 ± 4.4 GPa under 0.49 N load and 24.6 ± 1.5 GPa under 4.9 N load and fracture toughness of 5.02 ± 0.37 MPa·m1/2 were observed for the obtained composite. The toughening mechanism of the obtained ReB2–B4C composite including crack deflection crack and cracking bridging was analyzed in detail.
From smuggled migrants to ‘alleged smugglers’: Empirical evidence and policy perspectives on the criminalization of people on the move in Italy
Authors: Alagna Federico
Published: February 2024

Since 2014, numerous people on the move have been accused of migrant smuggling in Italian courts for steering makeshift vessels or for assisting in navigation across the Mediterranean Sea. This is the case regardless of the fact that such behaviour was the result of coercion or threats. In this contribution, drawing upon extensive empirical research and following a socio‐legal paradigm, I first explore the criminalization of people on the move in relation to migrant smuggling charges in the years following the so‐called 2014–2015 refugee crisis and discuss the impact on their rights. Second, I tackle the issue from a policy perspective, considering three potential EU/national policy reforms and the ways in which they could successfully address an existing policy problem. Such reforms vary in scope, from a damage limitation logic to a fully fledged change of paradigm, and the three can be described as follows: alignment of EU and national frameworks with the United Nations Protocol against migrant smuggling; a more significant differentiation between migrant smuggling and the facilitation of undocumented migration; and an explicit exoneration from criminal liability for people on the move accused of migrant smuggling. This article presents innovative insights, providing on the one hand an up‐to‐date empirical understanding of this form of criminalization of people on the move and, on the other, extensive reflections on the way in which policy reforms could prevent it.
An algorithm for the characterization of influenza A viruses from various host species and environments
Authors: Pulscher Laura A. , Webby Richard J. , Gray Gregory C.
Published: February 2024

Due to the extensive host range of influenza A viruses, it is difficult to determine the best diagnostic algorithm to efficiently screen samples from a variety of host species for influenza A viruses. While there are some influenza diagnostic algorithms that are specific to host species, to our knowledge, no single algorithm exists for the characterization of influenza A viruses across multiple host species. In this paper, we propose an algorithm that can serve as a guide for screening human, animal, and environmental samples for influenza A viruses of high human and animal health importance.
Living with unsettled baby behaviours: Qualitative interview study exploring parental perceptions and experiences of help‐seeking
Authors: Hornsey Samantha J. , Dobson Amy , Ghio Daniela , Henaghan‐Sykes Kate , Adams Sue , Lovegrove Elizabeth , Santer Miriam , Muller Ingrid
Published: February 2024

Aim

To explore parents' perceptions/experiences of help‐seeking for unsettled baby behaviours, including views and experiences of obtaining advice from primary healthcare professionals.

Design

Semi‐structured qualitative interviews.

Methods

Recruitment occurred via social media, general practice and health visiting teams. Remote semi‐structured interviews were conducted with parents of babies. Babies were under 12 months old at time of interview, and parents had perceived unsettled baby behaviours in their first 4 months of life. Interviews were transcribed and data analysed using reflexive thematic analysis.

Results

Based on interviews with 25 mothers, four main themes were developed. ‘The need for answers’ highlighted parental uncertainty about what constitutes normal baby behaviour, leading to help‐seeking from multiple sources. ‘The importance of health professionals’ and ‘Experiencing health professional support’ identified perceptions about limited access, communication, mixed advice and how these influenced parental perception/management of behaviours. ‘Foundations to help‐seeking’ highlighted important roles of social support and online help for valued shared experiences, emotional and practical support.

Conclusion

Health professional access and advice are important to parents, despite the increasing role of online help and importance of social support. More support and improved access to reliable sources of information is needed for parents.

Implications for the Profession and/or Patient Care

Findings will inform future research and clinical practice to address parental uncertainties. Qualitative research with front‐line health professionals is necessary.

Impact

Findings can inform the development of resources to support professionals/families managing unsettled babies.

Reporting Method

Standards for Reporting Qualitative Research.

Public Involvement

A public contributor was involved throughout all stages of the research. Emerging findings were discussed at a parent group.

What does this paper contribute to the wider global clinical community?

Addressing parental uncertainties is important; about what is normal, non‐pharmacological approaches and when pharmacological intervention is required.

A digital information/self‐management intervention may be useful for parents/clinicians.
A holistic approach to fragile X syndrome integrated guidance for person‐centred care
Authors: Johnson Kirsten , Stanfield Andrew C. , Scerif Gaia , McKechanie Andrew , Clarke Angus , Herring Jonathan , Smith Kayla , Crawford Hayley
Published: February 2024

Background

The Fragile X community has expressed a desire for centralised, national guidelines in the form of integrated guidance for Fragile X Syndrome (FXS).

Methods

This article draws on existing literature reviews, primary research and clinical trials on FXS, a Fragile X Society conference workshop and first‐hand experience of clinicians who have worked with those living with FXS over many years.

Results

The article scopes proposed integrated guidance over the life course, including appendices of symptoms, comorbidities and referral options for FXS and Fragile X Premutation Associated Conditions.

Conclusion

Integrated guidance would provide an authoritative source for doctors, health professionals, therapists, care workers, social workers, educators, employers, families and those living with FXS, so that a holistic, person‐centred approach can be taken across the United Kingdom to garner the best outcomes for those with FXS.
Exploring the relationships between pathogen‐specific prenatal infections requiring inpatient admission and domains of offspring behaviour at age 5
Authors: Betts Kim Steven , Kisely Steve , Alati Rosa
Published: February 2024

Background

Research exploring the relationship between prenatal infection and child behavioural outcomes would benefit from further studies utilising full‐population samples with the scale to investigate specific infections and to employ robust designs. We tested the association among several common infections requiring inpatient admission during and after pregnancy with a range of childhood behavioural outcomes, to determine whether any negative impact was specific to the period of foetal development.

Methods

The sample included all mother–offspring pairs from the Australian state of New South Wales (NSW) for whom the child commenced their first year of full‐time schooling in 2009 (~age 5 years; n = 77,302 offspring), with records linked across four health administrative data sets including the NSW perinatal data collection (PDC), the NSW admitted patient data collection (APDC) and the NSW component of the 2009 Australian Early Development Census (AEDC). Multivariable linear regression was used to test associations between a number of infections requiring inpatient admission during and after pregnancy with a range of teacher assessed behavioural outcomes.

Results

Associations specific to the prenatal period were only found for streptococcus A although this would need to be reproduced in external samples given the low prevalence. Otherwise, 12 out of 15 selected infections either showed no association prenatally or also demonstrated associations in the 12 months after pregnancy. For example, prenatal hepatitis C, influenza and urinary E. coli infections were associated with lower scores of several domains of childhood behaviour, but even stronger associations were found when these same maternal infections occurred after pregnancy.

Conclusions

The prenatal infections we tested appeared not to impact childhood behaviour by altering foetal neurodevelopment. Rather, the strong associations we found among infections occurring during and after pregnancy point to either residual socioeconomic/lifestyle factors or a shared familial/genetic liability between infections and behavioural problems.
On distributional autoregression and iterated transportation
Authors: Ghodrati Laya , Panaretos Victor M.
Published: February 2024

We consider the problem of defining and fitting models of autoregressive time series of probability distributions on a compact interval of . An order‐1 autoregressive model in this context is to be understood as a Markov chain, where one specifies a certain structure (regression) for the one‐step conditional Fréchet mean with respect to a natural probability metric. We construct and explore different models based on iterated random function systems of optimal transport maps. While the properties and interpretation of these models depend on how they relate to the iterated transport system, they can all be analyzed theoretically in a unified way. We present such a theoretical analysis, including convergence rates, and illustrate our methodology using real and simulated data. Our approach generalizes or extends certain existing models of transportation‐based regression and autoregression, and in doing so also provides some additional insights on existing models.
High prevalence of hepatitis B virus among MSM living with HIV in India
Authors: Iqbal Hussain Syed , Gunaratne Mihili P. , Loeb Talia A. , Pradeep Amrose , McFall Allison M. , Srikrishnan Aylur K. , Anderson Mark , Rodgers Mary A. , Celentano David D. , Mehta Shruti H. , Clohertly Gavin A. , Solomon Sunil S.
Published: February 2024

People living with HIV (PWH) have been shown to bear a higher burden of hepatitis B virus (HBV) due to shared routes and risk factors for transmission. Populations such as men who have sex with men (MSM) are at an increased risk of both being infected with HBV and HIV, that places them at higher risk of hepatocellular carcinoma. Using weighted and adjusted multilevel logistic regression, we characterized the prevalence and correlates of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) among MSM living with HIV across 12 Indian cities from 2012 to 2013. Overall, the prevalence of HBsAg was 8% (range across cities: 0.5%–19%). Being between the ages of 25–34, and 35–44 increased the odds of having chronic HBV infection compared to MSM 24 years or younger. Daily or seasonal employment and being unemployed increased the odds of HBsAg prevalence compared to those with monthly or weekly wages. Sexual risk behaviours such as having had sex with both men and women in the prior 6 months and history of sex work increased the odds of having HBV. Ever having insertive sex with a man or hijra (assigned male at birth, currently identifies as female/nonbinary) was negatively associated with HBV. Despite the existence of efficacious vaccines, HBV continues to have high prevalence among PWHs. Programmes to increase early screening, vaccinations and HBV literacy are urgently needed. Integrating HBV and HIV programmes for MSM populations could be critical in addressing this dual burden and improving outcomes for both infections.
Pharmacotherapy causing weight gain and metabolic alteration in those with obesity and obesity‐related conditions: A review
Authors: Anekwe Chika V. , Ahn Yoon Ji , Bajaj Simar Singh , Stanford Fatima Cody
Published: February 2024

This review aims to summarize pharmacological interventions that may affect adiposity and metabolic equilibrium in individuals with obesity. Pharmacological therapy is frequently used to treat medical conditions that are both directly related to obesity (such as hypertension and type 2 diabetes) and indirectly related to obesity (such as asthma, insomnia, and type 1 diabetes). This pharmacological therapy may result in weight gain and alterations in the metabolic profile. Many medication classes are implicated in the pharmacologic causes of weight gain, including antipsychotics, glucocorticoids, beta‐adrenergic blockers, tricyclic antidepressants, antihistamines, insulin, neuropathic agents, sleep agents, and steroids. This article describes the mechanisms of action and pathways of pharmacological interventions causing obesity.
Preservice teachers' mathematical knowledge for teaching: Focus on lesson planning and reflection
Authors: Sapkota Bima , Hayes Amanda Huffman
Published: February 2024

Mathematics teacher educators have suggested preservice mathematics teachers' (PMTs') practices provide evidence of their mathematical knowledge for teaching (MKT). PMTs engage in approximations of practice to rehearse teaching. To explore connections between MKT and PMTs’ practices, we operationalized six MKT subdomains in terms of approximations of practice. We used that operationalization to investigate, which subdomains were evidenced in PMTs’ lesson plans and their lesson plan reflections. Eleven secondary PMTs participated in our study. Using a qualitative content analysis method, we found Knowledge of Content and Teaching most evidenced, suggesting that the PMTs demonstrated MKT when they described mathematical tasks and associated instructional activities. Also, the PMTs demonstrated Knowledge of Content and Students when they described how their students would engage with proposed mathematical tasks. However, the PMTs struggled to plan for activities by building on students’ potential mathematical thinking and reasoning. Only limited instances of Horizon Content Knowledge suggest that the PMTs had limited opportunities to demonstrate how their advanced mathematical knowledge connected with their mathematics teaching in the approximations of practice provided. We propose alternative forms of approximations of practice to optimize PMTs’ opportunities to demonstrate and develop MKT.
The Effect of Distrust Regulation and Trustworthiness Demonstration on Trust Repair in Responding to Online Negative Reviews
Authors: Zhang Jiayang , Huang Xin
Published: February 2024

This paper explores how trust can be repaired after receiving online negative reviews. In this study, trust repair strategies are classified into six categories, and their effects on benevolence, ability, and integrity are examined. A predominant reliance is discerned on trustworthiness demonstration for affective repair strategies within online negative review responses, showcasing a noteworthy efficacy in reinstating trust across the dimensions of benevolence, integrity, and ability. Through a systematic analysis of these strategies, this paper not only uncovers the intricate interplay between responses and their consequential impacts on three dimensions of trust but also provides valuable comprehension of the multifaceted dynamics inherent in trust repair. By offering a refined understanding of the strategies involved in repairing trust, this research contributes actionable insights with theoretical insights into trust repair in digital business communication and practical implications for individuals and organizations grappling with the intricacies of navigating challenging online negative reviews.
Effectiveness of preventive parental education delivered from pregnancy to 1 month postpartum for improving infant sleep and parental sleep and depression: a systematic review protocol
Authors: Matsunaka Eriko , Ooshige Narumi , Ueki Shingo , Morokuma Seiichi
Published: February 2024

Objective:

This review aims to evaluate the effectiveness of preventive parental education on infant sleep problems, delivered from pregnancy to 1 month postpartum, on infant sleep, postpartum parental sleep, and depression.

Introduction:

Infant sleep problems are likely to persist into childhood if not treated and are associated with difficulties in later development. Parents of children with sleep problems had lower sleep quality and emotional regulation than those without sleep problems. Chronic sleep deprivation and fragmentation increases the risk of maternal depression. Therefore, preventive parental education regarding infant sleep problems can improve the long-term well-being of both children and their parents.

Inclusion criteria:

Experimental and quasi-experimental study designs, including preventive parental education about infant sleep problems delivered from pregnancy to 1 month postpartum, will be considered. The outcomes will be infants’ sleep, postpartum parental sleep, and parental depression.

Methods:

MEDLINE (Ovid), CINAHL (EBSCOhost), PsycINFO (Ovid), the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and Igaku Chuo Zasshi (Japan Medical Abstracts Society) will be searched without restrictions on language or date of publication. Eligible studies will be critically appraised, and data will be extracted by 2 independent reviewers using the JBI methodology. The studies will be pooled for statistical meta-analysis. Where statistical pooling is not possible, the findings will be presented in narrative format. We will use the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) approach to assess the certainty in the quality of evidence.

Review registration:

PROSPERO CRD42023430562
A Multiscale Euler–Lagrange Model for High-Frequency Cavitation Noise Prediction
Authors: Wang Xincheng , Song Mingtai , Cheng Huaiyu , Ji Bin , Li Linmin
Published: February 2024

To simulate the microscale bubble distribution and its effect on high-frequency cavitation noise, we present a two-way transition and coupling Euler–Lagrange model. The model accounts for both cavity fission and environmental nucleation as sources of microscale bubbles, which are limited in the traditional mesh-based Euler models. We evaluate the model with the experimental data of truncated NACA0009 hydrofoil as well as the measured bubble size distributions, showing satisfactory results for velocity distribution, cavity patterns, and power law scalings of bubble size. Based on an acoustic analogy, we find that the model produces sound waves with smaller wavelengths and higher frequencies than the Euler model, which are mainly attributed to two factors: (1) microscale bubbles with high natural frequency and (2) intense multiple cavity collapse/rebound behavior. This model is promising for predicting the full-spectrum of cavitation noise.
Optimization of single-channel active noise control performance in a plenum window using the surface impedance approach
Authors: Tan Johann Kay Ann , Du Liangfen , Lau Siu-Kit
Published: February 2024

The use of active noise control (ANC) implementation in plenum window design is investigated in this study. Various simulated configuration of a single-channel ANC is performed using the surface impedance approach (SIA) in order to optimize ANC performance. Based on a systematic search procedure, the optimal control source placement is found for a control source localized at the central bottom and central depth of the plenum window, near the window's inlet from which primary noise is impinging. The optimized ANC configuration provides an average attenuation benefit of 9.2 dB between 200 and 630 Hz. Error sensor location in the plenum window cavity is not crucial for the ANC system and does not need to be rigid. A dual-channel ANC system with control sources at both sides of the plenum window can extend the frequency of control to ∼800 Hz with an average attenuation of 7.6 dB. Additionally, an experimental case study using a real-time ANC system is conducted with a built-to-scale plenum window in an apartment informed by findings from the SIA simulation, demonstrating the usefulness of the SIA in ANC optimization process.
Researchers buy citations to inflate metrics
Authors: Langin Katie
Published: February 2024

New study reveals “extreme” gaming tactics some could be using to improve their standing
Proactive therapeutic monitoring of dalbavancin concentrations in the long-term management of chronic osteoarticular/periprosthetic joint infections
Authors: Cattaneo Dario , Fusi Marta , Galli Lucia , Genovese Camilla , Giorgi Riccardo , Matone Maddalena , Merli Stefania , Colaneri Marta , Gori Andrea
Published: February 2024

Here, we describe the use of proactive therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) to individualize the optimal timing of drug injections in 16 adult patients with chronic osteoarticular infections receiving a median of 7 injections of dalbavancin (up to 12 injections in 15 months). Dalbavancin injections were repeated at medians of 39–47 days, with infusion intervals ranging from 26 to 69 days. TDM can facilitates a precise, targeted use of dalbavancin for infections requiring prolonged treatments.
Deacetylase Sirtuin 1 mitigates type I IFN- and type II IFN-induced signaling and antiviral immunity
Authors: Yu Shuang-Shuang , Tang Rong-Chun , Zhang Ao , Geng Shijin , Yu Hengxiang , Zhang Yan , Sun Xiu-Yuan , Zhang Jun
Published: February 2024

Type I and type II IFNs are important immune modulators in both innate and adaptive immunity. They transmit signaling by activating JAK-STAT pathways. Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1), a class III NAD
+
-dependent deacetylase, has multiple functions in a variety of physiological processes. Here, we characterized the novel functions of SIRT1 in the regulation of type I and type II IFN-induced signaling. Overexpression of SIRT1 inhibited type I and type II IFN-induced interferon-stimulated response element activation. In contrast, knockout of
SIRT1
promoted type I and type II IFN-induced expression of ISGs and inhibited viral replication. Treatment with SIRT1 inhibitor EX527 had similar positive effects. SIRT1 physically associated with STAT1 or STAT3, and this interaction was enhanced by IFN stimulation or viral infection. By deacetylating STAT1 at K673 and STAT3 at K679/K685/K707/K709, SIRT1 downregulated the phosphorylation of STAT1 (Y701) and STAT3 (Y705).

Sirt1
+/−

primary peritoneal macrophages and

Sirt1
+/−

mice exhibited enhanced IFN-induced signaling and antiviral activity. Thus, SIRT1 is a novel negative regulator of type I and type II IFN-induced signaling through its deacetylase activity.

IMPORTANCE

SIRT1 has been reported in the precise regulation of antiviral (RNA and DNA) immunity. However, its functions in type I and type II IFN-induced signaling are still unclear. In this study, we deciphered the important functions of SIRT1 in both type I and type II IFN-induced JAK-STAT signaling and explored the potential acting mechanisms. It is helpful for understanding the regulatory roles of SIRT1 at different levels of IFN signaling. It also consolidates the notion that SIRT1 is an important target for intervention in viral infection, inflammatory diseases, or even interferon-related therapies.
Genome sequence and annotation of
Arthrobacter globiformis
phage Vulpecula (AS1) isolated from soil in Dahlonega, Georgia
Authors: Chuhran Lily , Whitlow Chase , Teems Carson , Kanak Alison , Webb Shane A.
Published: February 2024

Vulpecula, a temperate bacteriophage collected from soil in Dahlonega, Georgia using host
Arthrobacter globiformis
, is an AS1 subcluster virus of 37,766 bp (67.7% GC). Genome annotation suggests 64 open reading frames, no predicted tRNA genes, and ~98% sequence similarity to AS1 phages Ruchi (from GA) and Jamun (New Hampshire).
Primary soft tissue sarcoma breast with multiphenotypic differentiation
Authors: Sharma Rashim , Khera Sudeep , Devnani Bharti , Binit Sureka
Published: February 2024

Primary soft tissue sarcomas of the breast are rare aggressive neoplasms. These often are misdiagnosed with other more common neoplasms like fibroepithelial malignancies, namely phyllodes tumour and metaplastic carcinoma. Being uncommon, chances of being misdiagnosed are higher leading to early mortality. A multidisciplinary team incorporating surgery, pathology, chemotherapy and radiotherapy is required to formulate an approach to primary soft tissue sarcoma. Generally, these tumours may show single or dual phenotype; we present one rare case report showing multiphenotypic differentiation.
Bone broth ingestion and acute kidney injury following kidney transplant: a role for cystatin C
Authors: Chandler Shaun , Viswanathan Shankar , Sartain Felicity , John George Tharayil
Published: February 2024

Measurement of graft dysfunction following kidney transplant through creatinine is well known to be impacted by many different factors. We report here a clinical scenario demonstrating the importance of dual measurement of glomerular filtration rate (GFR) based on creatinine and cystatin C while also examining within-subject variability of both tests.
Randomised, blinded, cross-over evaluation of the palatability of and preference for different potassium binders in participants with chronic hyperkalaemia in the USA, Canada and Europe: the APPETIZE study
Authors: Wheeler David C , Søndergaard Henning , Gwynn Cathy , Hedman Katarina , Hedberg Jonatan , Allum Alaster , Chung Hui-Lan , Någård Mats , Stjernlöf Gunilla , Wittbrodt Eric , Kim Jennifer , Morris Jon
Published: February 2024

Objectives

Traditional potassium (K+) binders for treating hyperkalaemia are unpalatable and poorly tolerated. Newer K+binders are reportedly better tolerated; however, no published data describe their palatability, a determinant of long-term adherence. This study evaluated the palatability of and preference for three K+binders: sodium and calcium polystyrene sulfonate (S/CPS), sodium zirconium cyclosilicate (SZC) and calcium patiromer sorbitex (patiromer).

Design

Phase 4, randomised, participant-blinded, cross-over study. Participants were randomised to one of six taste sequences and, using a ‘sip and spit’ approach, tasted each K+binder before completing a survey.

Setting

17 centres across the USA, Canada and European Union.

Participants

144 participants with chronic kidney disease, hyperkalaemia and no recent use of K+binders.

Main outcome measures

For the primary (USA) and key secondary (Canada and European Union) endpoints, participants rated palatability attributes (taste, texture, smell and mouthfeel) and willingness to take each K+binder on a scale of 0–10 (rational evaluation). Feelings about each attribute, and the idea of taking the product once daily, were evaluated using a non-verbal, visual measure of emotional response. Finally, participants ranked the K+binders according to palatability.

Results

In each region, SZC and patiromer outperformed S/CPS on overall palatability (a composite of taste, texture, smell and mouthfeel), based on rational evaluation and emotional response. Taking the product once daily was more appealing for SZC and patiromer, creating greater receptivity than the idea of taking S/CPS. The emotional response to mouthfeel had the strongest influence on feelings about taking each product. In each region, a numerically greater proportion of participants ranked SZC as the most preferred K+binder versus patiromer or S/CPS.

Conclusions

Preference for more palatable K+binders such as SZC and patiromer may provide an opportunity to improve adherence to long-term treatment of hyperkalaemia.

Trial registration number

NCT04566653.
Primary lateral sclerosis: application and validation of the 2020 consensus diagnostic criteria in an expert opinion-based PLS cohort
Authors: Witzel Simon , Micca Veronika , Müller Hans P , Huss André , Bachhuber Franziska , Dorst Johannes , Lulé Dorothée E , Tumani Hayrettin , Kassubek Jan , Ludolph Albert C
Published: February 2024

Background

Validation of the 2020 consensus criteria for primary lateral sclerosis (PLS) is essential for their use in clinical practice and future trials.

Methods

In a large cohort of patients diagnosed with PLS by expert opinion prior to the new criteria with detailed clinical baseline evaluation (n=107) and longitudinal follow-up (n=63), we applied the new diagnostic criteria and analysed the clinical phenotype, electromyography (EMG), diagnostic accuracy and prognosis, adding neurofilaments and MRI as potential biomarkers.

Results

The criteria for definite PLS were met by 28% and those for probable PLS by 19%, whereas 53% did not meet the full criteria at baseline, mainly due to the time, EMG and region criteria. Patients not meeting the criteria had less generalised upper motor neuron involvement but were otherwise similar in demographic and clinical characteristics. All patients with definite and probable PLS maintained PLS diagnosis during follow-up, while four patients not meeting the criteria developed clinical lower motor neuron involvement. Definite PLS cases showed improved survival compared with probable PLS and patients who did not meet the criteria. Despite a clinical PLS phenotype, fibrillation potentials/positive sharp waves and fasciculations in one or more muscles were a frequent EMG finding, with the extent and prognostic significance depending on disease duration. Serum neurofilament light and a multiparametric MRI fibre integrity Z-score correlated with clinical parameters and were identified as potential biomarkers.

Conclusion

Validation of the 2020 PLS consensus criteria revealed high diagnostic certainty and prognostic significance, supporting their value for research and clinical practice.