bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
High‐throughput respiration screening of single mitochondrial substrates using permeabilized CHO cells highlights control of mitochondria metabolism
Authors: Wahrheit Judith , Nonnenmacher Yannic , Sperber Saskia , Heinzle Elmar
Published: January 2015

Respiration analysis using isolated mitochondria and electrochemical oxygen sensing has contributed significantly to the knowledge about mitochondrial metabolism, which is involved in energy generation but also in ageing and numerous diseases. Here, we present a high‐throughput respiration screening for functional in situ mitochondrial studies in permeabilized Chinese hamster ovary cells. The determination of oxygen uptake rates allowed a quantitative comparison between different conditions and a distinction of substrates into three groups providing an insight into tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle regulation. The mitochondrial metabolization of citrate, isocitrate, glutamine, and glutamate was highly stimulated by ADP supply. In contrast, the metabolization of α‐ketoglutarate, succinate, fumarate, and malate was little controlled by the energy and redox state. Metabolization of pyruvate was very strictly regulated by several independent mechanisms: phosphorylation, feedback inhibition, but also by the availability of CoA. A moderate stimulation of pyruvate metabolization was accomplished by feeding both pyruvate and aspartate simultaneously. The presented high‐throughput respiration screening provides comprehensive information about the effect of single or mixed substrates on mitochondrial metabolic activities, including transport and TCA cycle regulation, and metabolic bottlenecks. This supports the design of efficient mammalian producer strains or feeding strategies, but also the investigation of pathological and toxicological effects related to mitochondrial metabolism.
Encourage students to enroll with effective campus visit programs
Authors: Hope Joan
Published: January 2015

If students visit the campus of Ramapo College of New Jersey, they are more likely to enroll. Officials in the Admissions Office work to make sure that they do.
Reinvent the entry process to help students get off to a good start
Authors: Hope Joan
Published: January 2015

When students enroll in college for the first time, the process can be daunting. That's especially true for first‐generation students who don't have a support system at home, said Jill Little, vice president of student success at Macomb Community College in Michigan. Mistakes getting started can cost students time and money, Little said.
Review recent research on higher education enrollments
Authors: Hope Joan
Published: January 2015

National statistics can help you benchmark your institution's enrollment and understand trends that impact it. Consider highlights of some recent reports.
Embrace change to move unit forward in difficult times
Authors: Hope Joan
Published: January 2015

If you've lived through a student information system conversion, you know how difficult change can be. But organizational change is even more challenging than a SIS conversion, said Mark McConahay, associate vice provost and registrar at Indiana University at Bloomington. He's also director for the American Association of Collegiate Registrars and Admissions Officers Technology and Transfer Conference.
Determination of the posterior boundary of Wernicke's area based on multimodal connectivity profiles
Authors: Wang Jiaojian , Fan Lingzhong , Wang Yinyan , Xu Wenting , Jiang Tao , Fox Peter T. , Eickhoff Simon B. , Yu Chunshui , Jiang Tianzi
Published: January 2015

Wernicke's area is one of the most important language regions and has been widely studied in both basic research and clinical neurology. However, its exact anatomy has been controversial. In this study, we proposed to address the anatomy of Wernicke's area by investigating different connectivity profiles. First, the posterior superior temporal gyrus (STG), traditionally called “Wernicke's area”, was parcellated into three component subregions with diffusion MRI. Then, whole‐brain anatomical connectivity, resting‐state functional connectivity (RSFC) and meta‐analytic connectivity modeling (MACM) analyses were used to establish the anatomical, resting‐state and task‐related coactivation network of each subregion to identify which subregions participated in the language network. In addition, behavioral domain analysis, meta‐analyses of semantics, execution speech, and phonology and intraoperative electrical stimulation were used to determine which subregions were involved in language processing. Anatomical connectivity, RSFC and MACM analyses consistently identified that the two anterior subregions in the posterior STG primarily participated in the language network, whereas the most posterior subregion in the temporoparietal junction area primarily participated in the default mode network. Moreover, the behavioral domain analyses, meta‐analyses of semantics, execution speech and phonology and intraoperative electrical stimulation mapping also confirmed that only the two anterior subregions were involved in language processing, whereas the most posterior subregion primarily participated in social cognition. Our findings revealed a convergent posterior anatomical border for Wernicke's area and indicated that the brain's functional subregions can be identified on the basis of its specific structural and functional connectivity patterns. Hum Brain Mapp 36:1908–1924, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
HPC‐A dose prediction on the optia® cell separator based on a benchmark CE2 collection efficiency: Promoting clinical efficiency, minimizing toxicity, and allowing quality control
Authors: Cousins Antony F. , Sinclair Joy E. , Alcorn Michael J , H.A. Green Rachel , Douglas Kenny W.
Published: January 2015

It has been shown that it is possible to predict the CD 34+ hematopoietic progenitor cell dose from collection procedures on TerumoBCT COBE Spectra® cell separator platform using simple variables available at the start of the procedure. In this article, we demonstrate that this can be done simply and reliably using TerumoBCT Spectra Optia® (“Optia”) cell separator platform with a very close correlation between predicted and actual results (correlation coefficient 0.956). This knowledge can be used to optimize apheresis sessions and to minimize harmful effects and costs. In addition, we have shown differences in collection efficiency between healthy donors and cancer patients undergoing autologous donation. Finally, we have shown a small but significant improvement in collection efficiency for the Optia platform compared with the COBE Spectra platform. J. Clin. Apheresis 30:321–328, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Automated red blood cell exchange for acute drug removal in a patient with sirolimus toxicity
Authors: Galera Pallavi , Martin Hannah C. , Welch Linda , Sulmasy Paula , Cerny Jan , Greene Mindy , Vauthrin Michelle , Bailey Jeffrey A. , Weinstein Robert
Published: January 2015

Sirolimus is an immunosuppressant used to prevent graft versus host disease in allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients. It has a large volume of distribution (12 ± 7.5 l/kg) and within the intravascular space ∼95% of it is bound to red blood cells. Because of potential toxic effects at high trough levels, therapeutic drug monitoring is recommended for sirolimus. We present a case of severe hepatic dysfunction due to Hepatitis B and sirolimus toxicity, in a 51‐year‐old male stem cell transplant recipient. An automated red cell exchange decreased his blood sirolimus level from 22.6 to 10.3 ng/ml (55% reduction) and improved his liver enzymes. Re‐equilibration of sirolimus from other compartments to the blood necessitated a series of four red cell exchanges, after which the sirolimus level was 4.7 ng/ml. Although the patient ultimately succumbed to multiorgan failure, red cell exchange may be considered for acute removal of sirolimus in selected patients. J. Clin. Apheresis 30:367–370, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The Comparative Influences of Transformational Leadership and Leader–Member Exchange on Follower Engagement
Authors: Burch Tyler C. , Guarana Cristiano L.
Published: January 2015

Scholars of transformational leadership and leader–member exchange (LMX) have argued that leaders are able to positively influence the job attitudes and behaviors of followers by different means. Whereas transformational leadership focuses on the leaders’ ability to transform followers through a global inspiring vision that encourages positive change among all employees,LMXhighlights the importance of the leaders’ unique relationships with followers as the driver of positive attitudes and behaviors. Using field data gathered from 280 full‐time employees, the current research compared the influence of these two leadership styles on follower engagement. The results suggested that rather than the influence derived from inspirational leadership behaviors, it is employees’ unique relationship with their leader that creates follower engagement. Additionally, the results indicated that follower engagement mediates the relationship between leadership and key employee outcomes (i.e., organizational citizenship behavior [OCB] and employee turnover intentions). Implications to theory and practice are discussed.
Cognitive‐Experiential Leadership Model: How Leaders’ Information‐Processing Systems Can Influence Leadership Styles, Influencing Tactics, Conflict Management, and Organizational Outcomes
Authors: Cerni Tom , Curtis Guy J. , Colmar Susan H.
Published: January 2015

The current article provides empirical evidence in support of a new Cognitive‐Experiential Leadership Model. The foundation of the model is based on the integration of the Cognitive‐Experiential Theory (CET; Epstein, 2014), a personality‐based theory, and the Full‐Range Leadership Theory (FRLT; Bass, 1985). Results show a strong connection between the rational system and constructive elements of theCET’s experiential system, and transformational leadership and conflict‐handling styles. There is also preliminary evidence that developing leaders’CETinformation‐processing systems could increase transformational leadership. Leaders who are high in rational thinking and constructive thinking may also elicit extra effort from their followers, effectively manage conflict, choose effective influencing tactics, and achieve positive organizational outcomes. Implications and future research directions examining the Cognitive‐Experiential Leadership Model are discussed.
Go Global, Innovate! Training Social Entrepreneurial Leaders
Authors: McDougall Heather R. , McDavid Stephan L.
Published: January 2015

Problems associated with poverty, education, healthcare, and the environment are grand challenges shared by all nations. For example, poverty in one country may lead to immigration and limitations on exports for another. Similarly, as the Ebola crisis demonstrated, one country's healthcare challenges can quickly turn into a problem for all. The global interconnectedness of social problems necessitates the development of solutions by entrepreneurial leaders trained to adopt a global perspective. The questions explored in the current article are: (a) what does it take to be a global entrepreneurial leader and a social entrepreneur, and (b) how can we prepare students to succeed as global entrepreneurial leaders?
Reproducibility of MR‐based liver fat quantification across field strength: Same‐day comparison between 1.5T and 3T in obese subjects
Authors: Artz Nathan S. , Haufe William M. , Hooker Catherine A. , Hamilton Gavin , Wolfson Tanya , Campos Guilherme M. , Gamst Anthony C. , Schwimmer Jeffrey B. , Sirlin Claude B. , Reeder Scott B.
Published: January 2015

Purpose

To examine the reproducibility of quantitative magnetic resonance (MR) methods to estimate hepatic proton density fat‐fraction (PDFF) at different magnetic field strengths.

Materials and Methods

This Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA)‐compliant study was approved by the Institutional Review Board. Following informed consent, 25 severely obese subjects (mean body mass index [BMI]: 45 ± 4, range: 38–53 kg/m2) were scanned at 1.5T and 3T on the same day. Two confounder‐corrected multiecho chemical shift‐encoded gradient‐echo‐based imaging methods were acquired to estimate PDFF over the entire liver: 3D complex‐based (MRI‐C) and 2D magnitude‐based (MRI‐M) MRI. Single‐voxel MR spectroscopy (MRS) was performed in the right liver lobe. Using linear regression, pairwise comparisons of estimated PDFF were made between methods (MRI‐C, MRI‐M, MRS) at each field strength and for each method across field strengths.

Results

1.5T vs. 3T regression analyses for MRI‐C, MRI‐M, and MRS PDFF measurements yielded R2 values of 0.99, 0.97, and 0.90, respectively. The best‐fit line was near unity (slope(m) = 1, intercept(b) = 0), indicating excellent agreement for each case: MRI‐C (m = 0.92 [0.87, 0.99], b = 1.4 [0.7, 1.8]); MRI‐M (m = 1.0 [0.90, 1.08], b = –1.4 [–2.4, −0.5]); MRS (m = 0.98 [0.82, 1.15], b = 1.2 [–0.2, 3.0]). Comparing MRI‐C and MRI‐M yielded an R2 = 0.98 (m = 1.1 [1.02, 1.16], b = –1.8 [–2.8, −1.1]) at 1.5T, and R2 = 0.99 (m = 0.98 [0.93, 1.03], b = 1.2 [0.7, 1.7]) at 3T.

Conclusion

This study demonstrates that PDFF estimation is reproducible across field strengths and across two confounder‐corrected MR‐based methods. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2015;42:811–817.
Separation of aromatic solvents from oil refinery reformates by a newly designed ionic liquid using gas chromatography with flame ionization detection
Authors: Bahadur Indra , Mabaso Mbongeni , Redhi Gan , Singh Prashant , Kumar Sudharsan , Moodley Kandasamy
Published: January 2015

The aim of this study was to determine whether the new ionic liquid, N,N‐dimethyl‐2‐oxopyrrolidonium iodide, synthesized in our laboratory is a suitable solvent for the separation of aromatic components benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylenes from petroleum mixtures (reformates) in liquid–liquid extraction. In pursuance of the above aim, a method to extract all components of a mixture, containing four aromatic components simultaneously, was developed. A new ionic liquid and a previously used liquid were compared for their extraction abilities. These ionic liquids were, respectively, N,N‐dimethyl‐2‐oxopyrrolidinium iodide and 1‐ethyl‐3‐methyl imidazolium ethyl sulfate. The concentrations of each benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylenes component in the extract and raffinate phases were measured by gas chromatography with flame ionization detection as volume percent to determine the extraction ability of the ionic liquids. The results obtained for both the reformate samples and model mixtures indicated that the new ionic liquid was effective as an extracting solvent for the recovery of aromatic components from reformates. Also the analysis results, using gas chromatography with flame ionization detection, for the reformate samples were as good as the results obtained by a local oil refinery. The extraction results also show that the developed method is very suitable for the separation and analysis of aromatic components in reformates.
Simultaneous determination of three herbicides in wheat, wheat straw, and soil using a quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe method with ultra high performance liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry
Authors: Zhao Huanhuan , Xu Jun , Dong Fengshou , Liu Xingang , Wu Yanbing , Wu Xiaohu , Zheng Yongquan
Published: January 2015

In this study, a sensitive and effective analytical method for the extraction and detection of three herbicide residues (florasulam, fluroxypyr, and halauxifen‐methyl) in wheat and soil was developed. Samples were extracted with acetonitrile/water followed by salting out, dispersive solid‐phase extraction cleanup, and detection using ultra high performance liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry. The target analytes were detected within a 5 min runtime using an ultra high performance liquid chromatography high‐strength silica trifunctional column connected to an electrospray ionization source in positive mode. The method was validated in five replicates at three fortification concentrations in each matrix. Adequate pesticide quantification and identity confirmation were attained, even at the lowest concentration levels. The method showed very good accuracy and precision. Good recoveries were observed for the three herbicides and mostly ranged between 75.8 and 114.6%, with intraday relative standard deviations <6.01% and interday relative standard deviations <4.02%. The limits of quantification ranged between 0.14 and 7.68 μg/kg for each herbicide. The method was successfully applied for the simultaneous analysis of the three herbicides in actual trial samples, and the results proved that the proposed method was effective in detecting these three herbicides.
Simultaneous determination of six active components by a single standard to determine multicomponents combined with fingerprint analysis for the quality control of Rhizoma Chuanxiong
Authors: He Yufei , Li Qing , Bi Kaishun
Published: January 2015

To control the quality of Rhizoma Chuanxiong, a method based on high‐performance liquid chromatography method coupled with diode array detection was developed for the quantitative analysis of six active ingredients using a single standard to determine multi‐components and chemical fingerprint analysis for the first time. The separation was performed on an Agilent Zorbax SB‐C18 column by gradient elution with methanol and aqueous phase (containing 0.5% glacial acetic acid) at a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min. The UV wavelength was set at 274 nm. This assay was fully validated with respect to precision, repeatability, and accuracy. All calibration curves showed good linearity (R2> 0.9994) within test ranges. The limit of detection and limit of quantification were lower than 0.01 and 0.03 μg/mL, respectively. The relative standard deviation for repeatability and the intermediate precision of six analytes were less than 1.6 and 2.5%, respectively, the overall recovery was 96.1–103.1%. In addition, fingerprint chromatography using hierarchical clustering analysis and similarity analysis was performed to differentiate and classify the samples. The method described here could provide a more comprehensive and reasonable scientific assessment of the quality of Rhizoma Chuanxiong. Therefore, the strategy is feasible, credible, and is easily and effectively adapted for evaluating the quality control of Rhizoma Chuanxiong.
Learning to Improvise, or Improvising to Learn: Knowledge Generation and ‘Innovative Practice’ in Project Environments
Authors: Leybourne Stephen , Kennedy Monica
Published: January 2015

This paper considers the links between knowledge management, improvisational working and project management, highlighting their confluence in a number of key dimensions and focusing on the way new knowledge is generated, shared, and applied within the project domain. The opportunities for improved management in contexts of ubiquitous novelty, ambiguity, and compressed time, particularly in project‐based domains, are explored with reference to these key dimensions and recommendations for practice and further research suggested. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Improvement in Oxidation Resistance of IMI834: Comparison Between Implantation and Coating; a Quest
Authors: Sinha S.K. , Nair K.G.M. , Tyagi A.K.
Published: January 2015

Although IMI834 is designed to have high oxidation resistance, its surface can be further improved after nitrogen ion implantation or titanium nitride coating. It is well known that oxidation resistance can be improved after implantation and coating, but up to what extent, depends a lot on the temperature at which it is used. TiN is formed after nitrogen ion implantation in IMI834 as confirmed from glancing angle XRD. For comparison between implantation and coating, same thickness of TiN equal to that of the nitrogen ion range is deposited on IMI834 and oxidation behavior is analyzed at different temperatures. Surface of the samples were analyzed using Scanning electron microscope, Rutherford backscattering spectroscopy, compound formation using glancing angle XRD and nanohardness was measured using nanoindentor. Oxidation resistance of the unimplanted, implanted and coated samples was compared at three different temperatures (500, 700 and 800°C). It is observed that oxidation resistance is better for the implanted samples at higher temperature whereas oxidation resistance is better for the TiN coated samples at lower temperature.
Nitrogen Ion Beam Modification of Alumina for Hard Tissue Implants
Authors: Shikha Deep , Jha Usha , Sinha S.K. , Nair K. G. M. , Tyagi A. K.
Published: January 2015

Alumina has wide applications in industry, automobiles, electrical appliances etc. However its application as biomaterial has started recently. We propose to improve the bio‐physical, bio‐chemical and bio‐medical properties of alumina for its application as biomaterial by nitrogen ion implantation. Alumina is implanted with nitrogen ions at different energies (30 keV to 90 keV) and various ion doses (1 × 1015 ions/cm2 to 5 × 1017 ions/cm2). The microstructural changes and surface roughness of the specimens are characterized using Optical Microscope, Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and Atomic Force Microscope (AFM). Nano‐layered compound formation of nitrides & oxynitrides were observed using Glancing angle X‐ray Diffraction (GXRD). Mechanical changes like hardness are studied using nanoindentation method. It is observed that corrosion resistance studied using Electrochemical analyzer (ECA) increases at lower energy and at intermediate ion dose. At higher energy and higher ion doses corrosion resistance deteriorates which is in co‐ordinance with the micrstructural analysis. Bio‐medical characterization of the specimens has been carried out by Wettability and Thrombogenicity tests. Wettability decreases in comparison with unimplanted samples. The thrombogenicity of unimplanted and implanted samples were evaluated using a whole blood kinetic clotting time method. From thrombogenicity test, it is concluded that at lower energy, thrombogenicity increases whereas for higher energy thrombogenicity decreases in comparison with the unimplanted samples. On the basis of all the above studies, best suitable energy and ion‐dose is decided for the hard tissue replacement by alumina.
Footprint Recognition with Principal Component Analysis and Independent Component Analysis
Authors: Khokher Rohit , Singh Ram Chandra , Kumar Rahul
Published: January 2015

The finger print recognition, face recognition, hand geometry, iris recognition, voice scan, signature, retina scan and several other biometric patterns are being used for recognition of an individual. Human footprint is one of the relatively new physiological biometrics due to its stable and unique characteristics. The texture and foot shape information of footprint offers one of the powerful means in personal recognition. This work proposes a footprint based biometric identification of an individual by extracting texture and shape based features using Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Independent Component Analysis (ICA) linear projection techniques. PCA is a commonly used technique for data classification and dimensionality reduction and ICA is one of the most widely used blind source separation technique for revealing hidden factors that underlie sets of random variables, measurements, or signals. In this study PCA and ICA have been compared for footprint recognition using distance classification techniques such as Euclidean distance, city block, cosine and correlation. Experimental results show that ICA performs better than PCA for footprint recognition.
Reliability of single and paired‐pulse transcranial magnetic stimulation in the vastus lateralis muscle
Authors: O'leary Thomas J. , Morris Martyn G. , Collett Johnny , Howells Ken
Published: January 2015

Introduction: Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is an important tool to examine neurological pathologies, movement disorders, and central nervous system responses to exercise, fatigue, and training. The reliability has not been examined in a functional locomotor knee extensor muscle. Methods: Within‐ (n = 10) and between‐day (n = 16) reliability of single and paired‐paired pulse TMS was examined from the active vastus lateralis. Results: Motor evoked potential amplitude and cortical silent period duration showed good within‐ and between‐day reliability (intraclass correlation coefficient [ICC] ≥ 0.82). Short‐ and long‐interval intracortical inhibition (SICI and LICI, respectively) demonstrated good within‐day reliability (ICC ≥ 0.84). SICI had moderate to good between‐day reliability (ICC ≥ 0.67), but LICI was not repeatable (ICC = 0.47). Intracortical facilitation showed moderate to good within‐day reliability (ICC ≥ 0.73) but poor to moderate reliability between days (ICC ≥ 0.51). Conclusions: TMS can reliably assess cortical function in a knee extensor muscle. This may be useful to examine neurological disorders that affect locomotion. Muscle Nerve 52: 605–615, 2015
Small Weirs, Big Effects: Disruption of Water Temperature Regimes with Hydrological Alteration in a Mediterranean Stream
Authors: Bae M.‐J. , Merciai R. , Benejam L. , Sabater S. , García‐Berthou E.
Published: January 2015

The effects of hydrological alterations on thermal regimes due to small water provisioning schemes are poorly understood. We studied the alteration of thermal regimes in a Mediterranean stream, where a weir and a water abstraction have been previously shown to severely affect the flow regime (e.g. frequency and duration of drought) and fish assemblage. Compared to non‐impacted sites, the daily water temperature was more variable downstream of the weir, where water flow was reduced and drying occurred every summer. However, water temperature variation was smaller in a nearby downstream site dominated by effluents from a wastewater treatment plant. In addition, compared to all other sites, the times of the day to reach minimum and maximum water temperatures were markedly different in this site receiving the wastewater plant effluents and occurred earlier in the day in the site below the weir. The relationships between air and water temperatures were tight downstream but became looser and anomalous at the sites affected by water abstraction and effluent inputs. Overall, our results show that water temperature regimes in small streams are abruptly disrupted with water provisioning schemes with unknown consequences for aquatic organisms and ecosystems. Effects may be particularly stressful in Mediterranean‐climate streams, where water is scarce and hydrological alterations pervasive. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Fostering a Love of Reading in the Electronic Age
Authors: Schaefer Ryan J
Published: January 2015

View From the Chalkboard essays share readers' reflections on teaching experiences, advice for new teachers, and perspectives on current issues.
The effects of maternal immunity and age structure on population immunity to measles
Authors: McKee A. , Ferrari M. J. , Shea K.
Published: January 2015

Measles was successfully eradicated in the Pan-American Health Region in 2002. However, maintenance of elimination in parts of Africa, Europe, the USA, and other regions is proving difficult, despite apparently high vaccine coverage. This may be due to the different age structure in developed and developing populations, as well as to differences in the duration of maternal immunity. We explore the interaction between maternal immunity and age structure and quantify the resulting immunity gap between vaccine coverage and population immunity; we use this immunity gap as a novel metric of vaccine program success as it highlights the difference between actual and estimated immunity. We find that, for some combinations of maternal immunity and age structure, the accepted herd immunity threshold is not maintainable with a single-dose vaccine strategy for any combination of target age and coverage. In all cases, the herd immunity threshold is more difficult to maintain in a population with developing age structure. True population immunity is always improved if the target age at vaccination is chosen for the specific combination of maternal immunity and age structure.
The Normal Anatomy and Variations of the Bronchial Arteries: Evaluation with Multidetector Computed Tomography
Authors: Yener Özlem , Türkvatan Aysel , Yüce Gökhan , Yener Ali Ümit
Published: January 2015

Introduction

In this study, we aimed to reveal the normal anatomy and variations of the bronchial arterial system and to determine the sex distribution of these variations by retrospectively reviewing the images of patients who underwent thoracal multidetector computed tomographic angiography for various reasons.

Materials and Methods

Multidetector computed tomographic images of a total of 208 patients (151 men; mean age, 59 years) were retrospectively reviewed to assess the normal anatomy and variations of the bronchial arterial system.

Results

A total of 531 bronchial arteries (median, 3; minimum, 1; maximum, 5; mean, 2.5) were detected. The number (mean diameter) of the right bronchial arteries were higher than the left bronchial arteries (290 [1.43 mm] and 241 [1.26 mm], respectively; P < .05 for both number and diameter). The mean number (diameter) of the bronchial arteries were higher with men than with women (2.58 [1.45 mm] and 2.47 [1.32 mm], respectively; P < .05 for both number and diameter). The most common (24%) branching pattern was the combination of 1 right intercostal-bronchial trunk and 1 left bronchial artery, and, secondarily (13.46%), the combination of 2 right (1 intercostal-bronchial trunk and 1 bronchial artery) and 1 left bronchial arteries. Seventy-eight ectopic bronchial arteries were detected in 59 cases (28.3%). They most commonly originated from the aortic arch (37.2%), the descending aorta below the level of T6 (35.9%), or the aortic branches (16.7%). The number of right ectopic bronchial arteries was significantly higher than the left ectopic bronchial arteries (50 [64%] vs 28 [36%]; P < .01). The incidence of ectopic bronchial arteries was statistically higher with men versus women (45 [29.8%] vs 14 [24.6%]; P < .05).

Conclusion

The origins, numbers, diameters, and courses of the bronchial arteries can vary substantially among individuals. Multidetector computed tomographic angiography enables a detailed road map of the bronchial arterial system to interventional radiologists and thoracic surgeons.
Long‐term stability in children's frontal EEG alpha asymmetry between 14‐months and 83‐months
Authors: Müller Barbara C.N. , Kühn‐Popp Nina , Meinhardt Jörg , Sodian Beate , Paulus Markus
Published: January 2015

In the present study, we investigated the test‐retest stability of resting state alpha asymmetry in 18 children (9 male and 9 female) in a longitudinal design. Children's resting state brain activation asymmetries were assessed by means of EEG first after 14 months of age, and again a second time at 83 months of age, and frontal (AsymF), temporal (AsymT), and parietal (AsymP) alpha activation asymmetries were calculated. Analyses demonstrate positive relations between frontal asymmetry scores at 14 and 83 months of age. Temporal and parietal asymmetries did not show this stability over time. This finding provides further support for the use of frontal alpha asymmetry measures to investigate processes underlying emotion and motivation in childhood, and its stability over time.
Hydroclimate Implications of Thermocline Variability in the Southern South China Sea Over the Past 180,000 yr
Authors: Dong Liang , Li Li , Li Qianyu , Wang Hui , Zhang Chuanlun L.
Published: January 2015

Based on core-top calibration, the TEX86H-derived temperature has been considered as representing subsurface sea temperature (SSST), and the difference between the U37K′-derived sea-surface temperature (SST) and the TEX86H-derived SSST can be used to reflect the depth of thermocline (DOT) in the South China Sea region (Jia et al., 2012). We evaluated the DOT dynamics in late Quaternary records using this approach on paired analysis of samples from core MD05-2896/7 in the southern South China Sea. The reconstructed DOT over the last 180,000 yr (180 ka) displays a shoaling trend in glacial periods, which may be attributed to the strengthened cyclonic gyre by the enhanced East Asian winter monsoon and Walker circulation with prominent La Niña-like state, and vice versa in interglacial periods corresponding to reduced winter monsoon with enhanced El Niño-like state. These upper-water thermal variations testify that enhanced winter monsoon was the direct cause of an uplifted local thermocline during glacial or La Niña-like states with strengthened cyclonic gyre due to positive wind stress curl in the southern South China Sea. Our results provide insights into the relationship between monsoon and ENSO on both glacial and millennial time scales.
Kunst als Erfahrung
Authors: Bossle Michael
Published: January 2015

Im Mittelpunkt dieses Beitrages steht ein teilweises Ausbuchstabieren von John Deweys Werk „Kunst als Erfahrung“, das 1934 als Zusammenfassung einer Vorlesungsreihe in den Vereinigten Staaten erschien und 1980 erstmals ins Deutsche übersetzt wurde (Vgl. Dewey, 1980)
Pflege(n) ist ästhetisch!
Authors: Straubenmüller Viola
Published: January 2015

Empfindungen und sinnlich/-leibliche Wahrnehmungen sind wesentliche Wegweiser im Alltag, auch und insbesondere im pflegerischen Kontext (vgl. Weidert 2007). Der folgende Beitrag stellt Verbindungslinien zwischen Pflege als ästhetischer Arbeit und Bildungsprozessen her, die diese Empfindungen zum Gegenstand haben. Zudem werden Überlegungen zu Anlässen Ästhetischer Bildung auf unterschiedlichen Ebenen angestellt.
Theaterpädagogik – nur eine Methode?
Authors: Schüßler Marion
Published: January 2015

Methoden gehören in den Planungshorizont eines jeweiligen Unterrichts. Diese können helfen, Inhalte verständlicher zu gestalten, denn sie helfen den Lernenden, sich den Inhalt aktiv anzueignen. Wieso aber Methoden der ästhetischen Bildung? Welche Vorteile haben diese gegenüber den tradierten? Dieser Artikel soll Antworten vermitteln. Exemplarisch geschieht dies anhand der Methode des berufsbiografischen Theaters.
Evidenzbasierte Pflege
Authors: Barre Kirsten
Published: January 2015

Evidence-based Nursing ist längst zum Thema des Pflegeunterrichts geworden – doch findet die Vermittlung auch immer pflegedidaktisch reflektiert statt? Der folgende Beitrag schildert den Prozess und die Ergebnisse einer kritisch-pflegedidaktischen Gegenstandsanalyse.
H-atom Dissociation Channels in Ultraviolet Photochemistry of m-Pyridyl Radical
Authors: Lucas Michael , Minor Jasmine , Zhang Jingsong , Brazier Christopher
Published: January 2015

The H atom production channels in the ultraviolet (UV) photochemistry of m-pyridyl radical (m-C5H4N) were investigated at excitation wavelengths from 224 nm to 248 nm by high-n Rydberg atom time-of-flight (HRTOF) technique. The photofragment yield (PFY) spectrum of the H atoms indicates a broad UV absorption feature near 234 nm. The product kinetic energy release is small; the average product kinetic energy at the wavelengths from 224 nm to 248 nm is 0.12 to 0.19 of the maximum excess energy (assuming the lowest energy product channel, H+cyanovinylacetylene). The product kinetic energy distributions are consistent with the H+cyanovinylacetylene, H+3,4-pyridyne, and H+2,3-pyridyne product channels, with H+cyanovinylacetylene as the main H-loss channel. The angular distributions of the H-atom products are isotropic. After the UV electronic excitation, the m-pyridyl radical undergoes internal conversion to the ground electronic state and then unimolecular dissociation to the H+cyanovinylacetylene, H+3,4-pyridyne, and H+2,3-pyridyne products. The dissociation mechanism of the m-pyridyl radical is similar to that of the o-pyridyl radical reported in the early study.
Dissociative Electron Attachment to 1,2-Dichlorobenzene using Mass Spectrometry with Phosphor Screen
Authors: Xuan Chuan-jin , Wang Xu-dong , Xia Lei , Wu Bin , Li Hao , Tian Shan-xi
Published: January 2015

Anion mass spectrometry is developed on the basis of our home-made anion velocity map imaging apparatus. The Cl− product efficiency curve for dissociative electron attachment to 1,2-dichlorobenzene is obtained from 0.2 eV to 8 eV, meanwhile the sliced images of this anion are recorded at 1.2 and 6.0 eV corresponding to two peak positions of the product efficiency curve.
Density Functional Theory Calculations on Ni—Ligand Bond Dissociation Enthalpies
Authors: Wang Bing , Fu Yao , Yu Hai-zhu , Shi Jing
Published: January 2015

The formation and breaking of Ni—L (L=N-heterocyclic carbene, tertiary phosphine etc.) bond is involved in many Ni-catalyzed/mediated reactions. The accurate prediction of Ni—L bond dissociation enthalpies (BDEs) is potentially important to understand these Ni-complex involving reactions. We assess the accuracy of different DFT functionals (such as B3LYP, M06, MPWB1K, etc.) and different basis sets, including both effective core potentials for Ni and the all electron basis sets for all other atoms in predicting the Ni-L BDE values reported recently by Nolan et al. [J. Am. Chem. Soc. 125, 10490 (2003) and Organometallics 27, 3181 (2008)]. It is found that the MPWB1K/LanL2DZ:6-31+G(d,p)//MPWB1K/LanL2DZ:6-31G(d) method gives the best correlations with the experimental results. Meanwhile, the solvent effect calculations (with CPCM, PCM, and SMD models) indicate that both CPCM and PCM perform well.
Mesoscale Simulation of Vesiculation of Lipid Droplets
Authors: Xu Rui , Wang Zi-lu , He Xue-hao
Published: January 2015

An implicit solvent coarse-grained (CG) lipid model using three beads to reflect the basically molecular structure of two-tailed lipid is developed. In this model, the nonbonded interaction employs a variant MIE potential and the bonded interaction utilizes a Harmonic potential form. The CG force field parameters are achieved by matching the structural and mechanical properties of dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC) bilayers. The model successfully reproduces the formation of lipid bilayer from a random initial state and the spontaneous vesiculation of lipid bilayer from a disk-like structure. After that, the model is used to systematically study the vesiculation processes of spherical and cylindrical lipid droplets. The results show that the present CG model can effectively simulate the formation and evolution of mesoscale complex vesicles.
Effects of Supports and Promoters on in situ Hydrogenation of o-Cresol over Ni-based Catalysts
Authors: Li Yan-bin , Xu Ying , Ma Long-long , Wang Tie-jun , Zhang Qi , Chen Guan-yi
Published: January 2015

We investigated the effects of supports (CMK-3, SiO2ZrO2, MgO, Al2O3) and promoters (Cu, Ce, Fe) on textual properties of Ni based catalysts. o-Cresol was used as a probe to test the activity of these catalysts under the condition of 230 °C and nitrogen pressure of 0.1 MPa. The catalysts were characterized by X-ray diffraction, H2 temperature programmed reduction ammonium programmed desorption, and N2 adsorption-desorption isotherms. The results showed that the catalytic performance of Ni/CMK-3 (the conversion of o-cresol reached 45.4%) was significantly better than the other three kinds of supports. The modification of Ni/CMK-3 was also investigated and over 60% conversion of o-cresol was obtained after the addition of Ce (64.6%)and Cu (66.8%) in Ni/CMK-3, whereas the addition of Fe led to a decrease of conversion. In the meantime, Cu changed the products distribution. The appearance of toluene indicated that another pathway existed in the reaction. Accompanied by the ascension of conversion in both sides, side effects also occurred and got more serious. The apparent order of activity for all the tested catalysts was NiCe/CMK-3> NiCu/CMK-3>Ni/CMK-3>NiFe/CMK-3>Ni/Al2O3>Ni/SiO2ZrO2>Ni/MgO. The reaction pathway, involving three routes, was also mentioned in this study.
Hydrothermal Synthesis of Disk-Like Bi2WO6-BiPO4 Heterojunctions and Enhanced Photocatalytic Performance for Rhodamine B Degradation
Authors: Lin Xue , Guo Xiao-yu , Zhao Shi-duo , Gao Xin , Zhai Hong-ju , Wang Qing-wei , Chang Li-min
Published: January 2015

Novel Bi2WO6-BiPO4 photocatalysts with heterojunction structure were fabricated through a facile hydrothermal route. The photocatalytic properties of Bi2WO6-BiPO4 composites were evaluated by photocatalytic degradation of rhodamine B (Rh B) under simulated sunlight irradiation. The results showed that Bi2WO6-BiPO4 photocatalysts displayed much higher photocatalytic performances for Rh B degradation than the single BiPO4 and Bi2WO6. The best photocatalytic activity of Bi2WO6-BiPO4 with nearly 100% Rh B degradation located at molar ratio of 1:1 after 20 min irradiation. The enhanced photocatalytic performance could be mainly ascribed to the formation of heteroj unction interface in Bi2WO6-BiPO4 which facilitated the transfer and separation of photogenerated electronhole pairs, as well as the strong visible light absorption originating from the sensitization role of Bi2WO6 to BiPO4. It was also found that the photodegradation of Rh B molecules was mainly attributed to the oxidation action of the generated O2.— radicals and partly to the action of hvb+ via direct hole oxidation process.
The affective politics of sovereignty: reflecting on the 2010 conflict in Kyrgyzstan
Authors: Gullette David , Heathershaw John
Published: January 2015

This article examines the concept of sovereignty in elite and popular affection during the violent and turbulent events from April to October 2010 in the Kyrgyz Republic. Nationalist leaders promoted Kyrgyz ethnic values and ideals as the center of sovereignty held by some to be under threat. These events exemplify what we describe as theaffective politics of sovereignty.We explore how emotion, in particular, serves as an important component of the constitution of sovereignty as both an international and popular institution. We explore how Kyrgyz identity has become intertwined with the sovereignty of Kyrgyzstan and clashes with Western multi-ethnic conceptions and practices.
Linear Symmetric “Fat Taxes”: Evidence from Brazil
Authors: Leifert Rodrigo M. , Lucinda Claudio R.
Published: January 2015

According to the World Health Organization, the obesity epidemic is a threat. Brazil is not an exception, and the objective of this article is to analyze the effects of a “fat tax” there. For this purpose, the estimation of a demand system was carried out and policy simulations were performed using the estimated parameters. The simulation results indicate that to be successful, this “fat tax” must be combined with a subsidy on healthy food. Another contribution was the analysis of a linear symmetric revenue‐neutral tax schedule with more pronounced changes to micronutrient intake at no net cost to the government.
Establishment of Ochlerotatus japonicus (Diptera: Culicidae) in Ontario, Canada
Authors: Thielman Aynsley , Hunter Fiona F.
Published: January 2015

Ochlerotatus (Finlaya) japonicus (Theobold) is newly established in Ontario, Canada. It was first discovered in 2001 during the province-wide West Nile virus mosquito surveillance program implemented by the Ontario Ministry of Health and Long Term Care. Although the numbers of adults trapped in CDC light traps were low in 2001 and 2002, they increased during the 2003 and 2004 surveillance seasons. Oc. japonicus larvae also have been collected in large numbers in the Niagara Peninsula in a variety of natural and artificial containers. The number of health units with records for Oc. japonicus has increased over the 4 yr of surveillance, illustrating the ability of this species to rapidly extend its range. As a potential arboviral bridge vector, its establishment in Ontario requires further study and should be considered a public health concern.
Flight Initiation of Triatoma infestans (Hemiptera: Reduviidae) Under Natural Climatic Conditions
Authors: Gurevitz Juan M. , Ceballos Leonardo A. , Kitron Uriel , Gürtler Ricardo E.
Published: January 2015

Flight dispersal of Triatoma infestans Klug is probably the most important mechanism for house reinfestation at a village scale after residual spraying with insecticides. The aim of the current study was to estimate the flight initiation probability of field-collected T. infestans and to assess how this probability was affected by sex, adult age, partial bloodmeal, and the presence of a host inaccessible for feeding. Four experimental series, each consisting of three to six consecutive nights and repeated measurements of flight initiation on each individually marked bug, were carried out in experimental huts inside closed cages under natural climatic conditions. We demonstrate that flight initiation probability of T. infestans is much higher than previously reported, responds to temperature in a sigmoid manner, and is higher in females than males, and that the frequency distribution of the number of flights per individual is highly aggregated in female and male bugs. The age of adults had strong effects on flight initiation, whereas the presence of an inaccessible host and a partial bloodmeal exerted no significant effects in models controlling for the effects of bug weight-to-length ratio. The high flight potential found is consistent with the rapid changes in reinfestation patterns observed in the field. The present estimates of flight probabilities and the identification of factors modifying them provide essential knowledge for modeling reinfestation patterns and for improving control strategies of T. infestans.
Spatiotemporal Patterns of Host-Seeking Ixodes scapularis Nymphs (Acari: Ixodidae) in the United States
Authors: Diuk-Wasser M. A. , Gatewood A. G. , Cortinas M. R. , Yaremych-Hamer S. , Tsao J. , Kitron U. , Hickling G. , Brownstein J. S. , Walker E. , Piesman J. , Fish D.
Published: January 2015

The risk of Lyme disease for humans in the eastern United States is dependent on the density of host-seeking Ixodes scapularis Say nymphal stage ticks infected with Borrelia burgdorferi. Although many local and regional studies have estimated Lyme disease risk using these parameters, this is the first large-scale study using a standardized methodology. Density of host-seeking I. scapularis nymphs was measured by drag sampling of closed canopy deciduous forest habitats in 95 locations spaced among 2° quadrants covering the entire United States east of the 100th meridian. Sampling was done in five standardized transects at each site and repeated three to six times during the summer of 2004. The total number of adults and nymphs of the seven tick species collected was 17,972, with 1,405 nymphal I. scapularis collected in 31 of the 95 sites. Peak global spatial autocorrelation values were found at the smallest lag distance (300 km) and decreased significantly after 1,000 km. Local autocorrelation statistics identified two significant high-density clusters around endemic areas in the northeast and upper Midwest and a low-density cluster in sites south of the 39th parallel, where only 21 nymphs were collected. Peak nymphal host-seeking density occurred earlier in the southern than in the most northern sites. Spatiotemporal density patterns will be combined with Borrelia prevalence data as part of a 4-yr survey to generate a nationwide spatial risk model for I. scapularis-borne Borrelia, which will improve targeting of disease prevention efforts.