bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
eNose-TB: A trial study protocol of electronic nose for tuberculosis screening in Indonesia
Authors: Saktiawati Antonia Morita Iswari , Triyana Kuwat , Wahyuningtias Siska Dian , Dwihardiani Bintari , Julian Trisna , Hidayat Shidiq Nur , Ahmad Riris Andono , Probandari Ari , Mahendradhata Yodi
Published: April 2021

Background

Even though conceptually, Tuberculosis (TB) is almost always curable, it is currently the world’s leading infectious killer. Patients with pulmonary TB are the source of transmission. Approximately 23% of the world’s population is believed to be latently infected with TB bacteria, and 5–15% of them will progress at any point in time to develop the disease. There was a global diagnostic gap of 2.9 million between notifications of new cases and the estimated number of incident cases, and Indonesia carries the third-highest of this gap. Therefore, screening TB among the community is of great importance to prevent further transmission and infection. The electronic nose for screening TB (eNose-TB) project is initiated in Yogyakarta, Indonesia, to screen TB by breath test with an electronic-nose that is easy-to-use, point-of-care, does not expose patients to radiation, and can be produced at low cost.

Methods/Design

The objectives of the two-phase planned project are to: 1) investigate the potential of an eNose-TB as a screening tool in Indonesia, in comparison with screening with clinical symptoms and chest radiology, which are currently used as a standard, and 2) analyze the time and cost of a screening algorithm with eNose-TB to obtain additional case detection. A cross-sectional study will be conducted in the first phase to validate the eNose-TB. The validation phase will involve 395 presumptive TB patients in the Surakarta General Hospital, Central Java. In the second phase, a cross-sectional research will be conducted, involving 1,383 adults and children in the municipality of Yogyakarta and Kulon Progo district of Yogyakarta Province.

Discussion

The findings will provide data concerning the sensitivity and specificity of the eNose-TB as a screening tool for tuberculosis, and the time and cost analysis of a screening algorithm with the eNose.

Trial registration

NCT04567498; https://clinicaltrials.gov/.
Changes in corneal thickness after vitrectomy—Implications for glaucoma practice
Authors: Gawas Lisika , Rao Aparna
Published: April 2021

Purpose

To evaluate changes in central corneal thickness (CCT) following vitrectomy.

Methods

All consecutive old and new patients referred to glaucoma services for possible secondary glaucoma after vitrectomy and who had undergone corneal pachymetry between July 2013 to June 2020, were included. The eye that developed elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) and was diagnosed clinically as glaucoma after vitrectomy, was labelled as the “affected” eye. The contralateral eye of the patient with normal IOP and no history of vitrectomy was labelled as the “control” eye. The difference in CCT in the affected eye and the contralateral control eye (ΔCCT) and CCT were compared between different age groups. Correlation of CCT in the affected eye with age, diagnosis, type of surgery done, lens status and pre-existing glaucoma was done using multivariate regression analysis.

Results

Of 127 eyes of 120 patients (M:F = 85:35), the average CCT in the affected eye was significantly higher than the unaffected contralateral control eye (p<0.0001). The ΔCCT in eyes presenting at an age <25 years was higher (median 582, 497–840) than those that presented later (median 518, 384–755), p <0.0001, with maximum ΔCCT seen in eyes that had undergone vitrectomy at age<12 years. The CCT in the affected eye was significantly higher in aphakic eyes (588±81.6 microns) than in pseudophakic eyes (552±79.03 microns), p = 0.03. On multivariate analysis, age<25 years remained as a significant influencer of CCT in the affected eye (β = -1.7, p<0.001, R2 = 28.3%).

Conclusions

Young age group<25 years are more prone to corneal remodelling and CCT changes after vitrectomy.
Multiple dimensions of social motivation in adult female degus
Authors: Lidhar Navdeep K. , Thakur Ayushi , David Anna-Julia , Takehara-Nishiuchi Kaori , Insel Nathan
Published: April 2021

Many animals become more motivated to interact after a period of isolation. This phenomenon may involve general drives, e.g. for social touch or companionship, as well as drives that are specific to particular peers, and which ultimately serve to reestablish relationships between the individuals. Female degus are known to be affiliative with multiple other individuals, including unrelated and unfamiliar conspecifics, offering an opportunity to study social motivation independent from exclusive pair-bonds or overt, same-sex competition. We attempted to disentangle factors driving peer interaction by examining reunion behavior across several social isolation and separation manipulations. High levels of interaction were observed between adult females who had been separated even without isolation, revealing a drive to re-establish relationships with specific peers. The content of separation-only reunions differed from isolation, with the latter involving more early-session interaction, higher levels of allogrooming before rear-sniffing, and a higher ratio of chitter vocalizations. To assess whether post-isolation behavior was related to stress, we examined reunions following a non-social (footshock) stressor. Like isolation, footshock increased early-session interactions, but did not increase allogrooming before rear-sniffing or chittering, as compared with controls. To test whether separation-only reunion behavior shared qualities with relationship formation, we also examined reunions of new (stranger) dyads. Strangers exhibited higher levels of interaction than cagemates, with particularly high levels of late-session rear-sniffing. Like separation-only reunions, strangers showed more non-chitter vocalizations and lower levels of allogrooming before rear-sniffing. Across experiments, an exploratory clustering method was used to identify vocalizations that differed between conditions. This yielded promising leads for future investigation, including a chaff-type syllable that may have been more common during relationship renewal. Overall, results are consistent with the hypothesis that female degu reunions are supported by both general and peer-stimulus specific drives, expressed through the structure of physical and vocal interactions over time.
Investigation and public health response to a COVID-19 outbreak in a rural resort community—Blaine County, Idaho, 2020
Authors: Dunne Eileen M. , Maxwell Tanis , Dawson-Skuza Christina , Burns Matthew , Ball Christopher , Turner Kathryn , Hahn Christine G. , Bowyer Melody , Carter Kris K. , Hudson Logan
Published: April 2021

Blaine County, Idaho, a rural area with a renowned resort, experienced a COVID-19 outbreak early in the pandemic. We undertook an epidemiologic investigation to describe the outbreak and guide public health action. Confirmed cases of COVID-19 were identified from reports of SARS-CoV-2-positive laboratory test results to South Central Public Health District. Information on symptoms, hospitalization, recent travel, healthcare worker status, and close contacts was obtained by medical record review and patient interviews. Viral sequence analysis was conducted on a subset of available specimens. During March 13–April 10, 2020, a total of 451 COVID-19 cases among Blaine County residents (1,959 cases per 100,000 population) were reported, with earliest illness onset March 1. The median patient age was 51 years (interquartile range [IQR]: 37–63), 52 (11.5%) were hospitalized, and 5 (1.1%) died. The median duration between specimen collection and a positive laboratory result was 9 days (IQR: 4–10). Forty-four (9.8%) patients reported recent travel and an additional 37 cases occurred in out-of-state residents. Healthcare workers comprised 56 (12.4%) cases; 33 of whom worked at the only hospital in the county, leading to a 15-day disruption of hospital services. Among 562 close contacts monitored by public health authorities, laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 or compatible symptoms were identified in 51 (9.1%). Sequencing results from 34 specimens supported epidemiologic findings indicating travel as a source of SARS-CoV-2, and identified multiple lineages among hospital workers. Community mitigation strategies included school and resort closure, stay-at-home orders, and restrictions on incoming travelers. COVID-19 outbreaks in rural communities can disrupt health services. Lack of local laboratory capacity led to long turnaround times for COVID-19 test results. Rural communities frequented by tourists face unique challenges during the COVID-19 pandemic. Implementing restrictions on incoming travelers and other mitigation strategies helped reduce COVID-19 transmission early in the pandemic.
Iron enhances the binding rates and translational efficiency of iron responsive elements (IREs) mRNA with initiation factor eIF4F
Authors: Khan Mateen A. , Domashevskiy Artem V.
Published: April 2021

Interaction of iron responsive elements (IRE) mRNA with the translational machinery is an early step critical in the initiation of protein synthesis. To investigate the binding specificity of IRE mRNA for eIF4F, kinetic rates for the eIF4F·IRE RNA interactions were determined and correlated with the translational efficiency. The observed rate of eIF4F·FRT IRE RNA interactions was 2-fold greater as compared to eIF4F·ACO2 IRE RNA binding. Addition of iron enhanced the association rates and lowered the dissociation rates for the eIF4F binding to both IRE RNAs, with having higher preferential binding to the FRT IRE RNA. The binding rates of both eIF4F·IRE RNA complexes correlated with the enhancement of protein synthesis in vitro. Presence of iron and eIF4F in the depleted WGE significantly enhanced translation for both IRE RNAs. This suggests that iron promotes translation by enhancing the binding rates of the eIF4F∙IRE RNA complex. eIF4F·IRE RNA binding is temperature-dependent; raising the temperature from 5 to 25°C, enhanced the binding rates of eIF4F·FRT IRE (4-fold) and eIF4F·ACO2 IRE (5-fold). Presence of Fe2+ caused reduction in the activation energy for the binding of FRT IRE and ACO2 IRE to eIF4F, suggesting a more stable platform for initiating protein synthesis. In the presence of iron, lowered energy barrier has leads to the faster association rate and slower rate of dissociation for the protein-RNA complex, thus favoring efficient protein synthesis. Our results correlate well with the observed translational efficiency of IRE RNA, thereby suggesting that the presence of iron leads to a rapid, favorable, and stable complex formation that directs regulatory system to respond efficiently to cellular iron levels.
Dietary intake patterns among adults with inflammatory bowel disease in the United States, 2015
Authors: Xu Fang , Park Sohyun , Liu Yong , Greenlund Kurt J.
Published: April 2021

Background

Dietary behavior and nutrient intake patterns among U.S. men and women with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) are unclear at the population level.

Methods

This cross-sectional study compared dietary intake patterns among U.S. adults (aged ≥18 years) with and without IBD in the 2015 National Health Interview Survey (N = 33,626). Age-standardized weighted prevalences for intake of fruits, vegetables, dairy, whole grain bread, dietary fiber, calcium, total added sugars, sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs), processed meat, and supplement use were compared between adults with and without IBD by sex.

Results

In 2015, an estimated 3 million adults (1.3%) reported IBD. Compared with adults without IBD, adults with IBD were more likely to be older, non-Hispanic white, not currently working, former smokers, and former alcohol drinkers. Overall, dietary behaviors were similar among adults with and without IBD. However, adults with IBD were more likely to take vitamin D supplements (31.5% vs 18.8%) and consume dietary fiber <16.7 grams(g)/day, the amount that 50% of U.S. adults consumed (51.8% vs 44.1%), than those without IBD. Compared with their counterparts, men with IBD were more likely to consume vegetables ≥1 time/day (84.9% vs 76.0%) and take any supplement (59.6% vs 46.0%); women with IBD were more likely to have SSBs ≥2 times/day (26.8% vs 17.8%) and total added sugars ≥14.6 teaspoons(tsp)/day, the amount that 50% of U.S. adults consumed (55.3% vs 46.7%).

Conclusions

Adopting a healthy diet, especially limiting added sugars intake among women with IBD, might be important for the overall health.
Diabetes self-care practice and associated factors among type 2 diabetic patients in public hospitals of Tigray regional state, Ethiopia: A multicenter study
Authors: Molalign Takele Goitom , Weharei Medina Abdulkadir , Kidanu Hiyab T/Michael , Gebrekidan Kahsu Gebrekirstos , Gebregiorgis Birhan Gebresillassie
Published: April 2021

Background

The prevalence of type 2 diabetes is increasing steadily at an alarming rate. Ethiopia is placed fourth among the top five countries of the African region members of the international diabetes federation. This study aimed to determine the level of diabetes self-care practice and associated factors among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus attending public hospitals of the Tigray region.

Methods

An institution-based, cross-sectional study was conducted in six selected hospitals of Tigray region from January to February 2020. Study participants were recruited using a systematic random sampling method. Diabetes self-care practice was assessed using Summary Diabetes Self-Care Activities (SDSCA) assessment tool. The data were collected by trained nurses via face-to-face interview. Binary and multivariable logistic regression analyses were used to identify factors associated with self-care practices. Statistical significance was declared at p-value < 0.05.

Results

A total of 570 patients with type 2 diabetes were included in this study. The mean (SD) age of the participant was 46 (±14.6) years. Less than half (46.7%) of the participants had good diabetes self-care practices. Surprisingly, only 68 (11.9%) of the participants had access to a personal glucometer. Urban residency (AOR = 1.9, 95% CI = 1.20–2.94), age group 48–63 years (AOR = 2.1, 95% CI = 1.19–3.98), not having a formal education (AOR = 2.6, 95% CI = 1.32–5.25), having family support (AOR = 1.9, 95% CI = 1.24–2.85), and having a personal glucometer at home (AOR = 6.1, 95% CI = 2.83–13.0) were the factors associated with good diabetes self-care practices.

Conclusion

The diabetes self-care practice in the region was found to be poor. Where factors like, being an urban resident, age group between 49–63 years, not having a formal education, and having a personal glucometer at home were associated with good self-care practices. Health care providers might have to consider actions to act on the identified factors and improve the level of self-care practices of the patients.
Fesztivállátogatók véleményeinek számítógéppel támogatott tematikus modellezése– egy kísérlet eredményei = Computer-aided topic modelling based on festival-goers’ opinions– results of an experiment
Authors: Hinek Mátyás
Published: April 2021

Tanulmányunkban arra teszünk kísérletet, hogy egy számítógépes algoritmus, a rejtett Dirichlet eloszlást alkalmazó strukturált témamodell (stm) segítségével meghatározzuk a Sziget Fesztivál látogatói által a Facebookon írt vélemények jellemző témáit, és ezeket összevessük egy korábbi kutatásunkban körvonalazott témákkal. A Sziget Fesztivál látogatóinak az elmúlt hét évben angol nyelven írt szöveges véleményei alapján az algoritmus segítségével kilenc témát modelleztünk, melyek tartalma és köre csak részben egyezett meg a korábbi, kvalitatív kutatásunkban azonosított témákkal. Vizsgálatunk legfontosabb eredménye, hogy számítógépes eszközökkel eredményesen vizsgálhatók a látogatói vélemények, ugyanakkor az eredmények minőségét meghatározza a korpusz nagysága, vagyis az elemzett hozzászólások száma és terjedelme.
Versenyző megoldások természetes szelekciója – A vállalatfelfogás változása az informatizálódó gazdaságban
Authors: Szabó Katalin
Published: April 2021

Az információgazdaság felé haladva, a vállalati filozófia a fizikai-mechanikai szemlélettől a természetes szemlélet felé fordul. A vállalat bizonyos értelemben a természetet (és a piacot) kezdi utánozni. Míg korábban a vállalatokat – az indusztriális kor szellemének megfelelően – mind működtetőik, mind az elmélet képviselői – mechanikai szerkezetnek, gépezetnek tekintették, addig mai működésük inkább „élőlénynek” mutatja őket. A társaság egyre inkább önállóan tevékenykedő munka-csoportok, projektek szerves és gyorsan változó rendszere. A vállalat működési logikájának a megváltozása szükségképpen a vállalatfelfogás átértékelésére kényszeríti a kérdéskörrel foglalkozókat. Az olyan újító gazdaságban, mint az információgazdaság, kézenfekvőbb az evolucionista megközelítés, mint a hagyományos statikus egyensúlyi szemlélet. A folyamatos fejlesztések és innováció miatt nem meglepő, hogy – a többnyire statikus helyzeteket taglaló, klasszikus tanokkal szemben – növekszik az érdeklődés az egyensúlyból való kilendülést, a fejlődést, a változást középpontba állító evolúciós vállalatelméletek iránt.
Reformérett közügyek Public Management: új irányok, átalakuló cél- és eszközrendszer
Authors: Somogyi Aliz
Published: April 2021

Jelen tanulmány célja többszörös: részben e terminológiai káoszban való eligazodás megkönnyítése, másrészt az a nem titkolt szándék, hogy a közszféráról – gyakran nem alaptalanul alkotott – pejoratív (köz)megítélésünk némiképp javuljon a szektorális specifikumok felismerése és megértése által, végül a szektor reformpolitikai törekvéseinek átfogó jellegû bemutatása, kitérve az „új közmenedzsment” (New Public Management) legfôbb üzenetének megismertetésére, annak elméleti gyökereire, kulcstényezôire.
Acute-Onset Eosinophilic Gastroenteritis and Ascites Secondary to Occult Toxocariasis
Authors: Elton Andrew , Megna Bryant , Boothby Aaron , Vaughn Byron
Published: April 2021

Eosinophilic gastroenteritis is a rare entity, and although usually idiopathic, it may arise from gastrointestinal infections. We report a case of a 33-year-old woman from Vietnam presenting with acute abdominal pain, new-onset eosinophilic ascites, peripheral eosinophilia, and a positive Toxocara antibody. The patient had no recent international travel, known animal host contact, or other toxocariasis risk factors. She was treated with ivermectin and mebendazole with complete resolution of symptoms. This case emphasizes the consideration of a broad differential for eosinophilic ascites, including atypical presentations of infectious pathogens.
Effect of lockdown on activities of daily living in the built environment and wellbeing
Authors: Pasala Sudhir Kumar , Gumpeny Lakshmi , Kosuri Madhu , Tippana Snehalatha , Sridhar Gumpeny R.
Published: April 2021

In an effort to arrest the spread of coronavirus (COVID-19) infection, a nationwide lockdown was declared in India in March 2020. To assess how personal built environments affected the citizens in the first few weeks, an explorative online survey was conducted, eliciting responses about work habits before the lockdown, psychological wellbeing, time spent in various activities, characteristics of those who worked from home, and food and sleep patterns. We received 121 (76 male and 45 female) responses with an average age of 35.5 years [max: 70 years, min: 18 years, standard deviation (SD): 12.9 years]. The major difference caused by the lockdown was a reduction in the time taken and distance travelled of the commute to workplaces, which was an average of 30 minutes and 9.5 km, respectively. In terms of diet, subjects who were vegetarian did not experience any difference, unlike those who were non-vegetarians (p < 0.05). The results show an association of the dependent variable of ‘feeling in general’ with predictor variables of ‘energy, pep, vitality’ and ‘feel healthy to work’ during the pandemic, whereas the predictor variables of ‘energy, pep, vitality’, ‘happy and satisfied personal life’, ‘feel healthy to work’ show an association with the dependent variable of ‘feeling in general’ before the lockdown with a significance of p < 0.02 and R2 = 0.51 and R2 = 0.60, respectively. Among those who worked from home in constrained environments, people found spaces and seemed to adapt reasonably well to the built environment with employees showing a preference for working from bedrooms and students for working from ‘sit-out’ (outside) spaces (p < 0.05). There was no change in the quality or quantity of sleep during the lockdown. This study in the early weeks of the lockdown documents the way in which individuals lived through it in terms of the built environment at home.
Termite Testing Methods: A Global Review
Authors: Hassan Babar , Morrell Jeffrey J.
Published: April 2021

The protection of wood against termites is a major global problem, especially in the tropics and subtropics, and has been the subject of considerable research to understand termite biology and to develop effective mitigation methods. Field trials are useful for this purpose, but they often lack the degree of control and reproducibility needed. As a result, many researchers use laboratory methods when evaluating new wood preservatives or the suitability of timber for specific uses. These methods have developed over many years and in many regions with differing termite species and risks. Some methods differ only slightly from one another, but others use dramatically different approaches based upon the behavior and biology of a given termite species. The range of methods can make it difficult to make comparisons in terms of termite behavior, timber species preferences, or treatment efficacy. This review assembles the methods used for evaluating termite attack, explaining the underlying termite biology connected with each method, and identifying commonalities that might facilitate comparisons between various data sets, or potentially standardizing the standards. Understanding the essential characteristics of test methodologies can help identify the most appropriate methods for assessing the effectiveness of a given treatment, but it may also help compare results from different approaches, thereby avoiding redundant tests.
Mechanisms of Network Interactions for Flexible Cortico-Basal Ganglia-Mediated Action Control
Authors: Fischer Petra
Published: April 2021

In humans, finely tuned γ synchronization (60–90 Hz) rapidly appears at movement onset in a motor control network involving primary motor cortex, the basal ganglia and motor thalamus. Yet the functional consequences of brief movement-related synchronization are still unclear. Distinct synchronization phenomena have also been linked to different forms of motor inhibition, including relaxing antagonist muscles, rapid movement interruption and stabilizing network dynamics for sustained contractions. Here, I will introduce detailed hypotheses about how intrasite and intersite synchronization could interact with firing rate changes in different parts of the network to enable flexible action control. The here proposed cause-and-effect relationships shine a spotlight on potential key mechanisms of cortico-basal ganglia-thalamo-cortical (CBGTC) communication. Confirming or revising these hypotheses will be critical in understanding the neuronal basis of flexible movement initiation, invigoration and inhibition. Ultimately, the study of more complex cognitive phenomena will also become more tractable once we understand the neuronal mechanisms underlying behavioral readouts.
Climate-Resilient Forest Restoration on Public Lands in Minnesota’s Northwoods Region
Authors: Sullivan-Wiley Kira , Cornett Meredith , Musengezi Jessica , Shyamsundar Priya
Published: April 2021

Our case asked: How can social science factor into conservation program design as it relates to partnership development and behavioral “nudges”? How might these tools be used to influence public forest management decisions on a landscape scale? Our results indicate that using a combination of so-called behavioral “nudges” and intentional partnership collaboration, The Nature Conservancy’s projects have helped influence the process by which large public landholders incorporate climate change adaptation and resilience into decisions about the siting of restoration projects, and the composition of species used in forest restoration projects. Although the project in this case was not originally motivated by social science considerations, including those falling under the heading of behavioral science, it nonetheless illustrates how common-sense strategies, developed through partnerships, can be useful in creating long-term change. The case further illustrates how these changes could be amplified through a more intentional application of behavioral and social science tools. In this case, the “nudges” included demonstration sites, partner commitments and championship, and decisions tools. This case will help readers to understand how social science, and more specifically behavioral science, may be used to augment collaborative partnerships to achieve change in forest restoration practices.
Compassionate Use of Remdesivir in Children With Severe COVID-19
Authors: Goldman David L. , Aldrich Margaret L. , Hagmann Stefan H.F. , Bamford Alasdair , Camacho-Gonzalez Andres , Lapadula Giuseppe , Lee Philip , Bonfanti Paolo , Carter Christoph C. , Zhao Yang , Telep Laura , Pikora Cheryl , Naik Sarjita , Marshall Neal , Katsarolis Ioannis , Das Moupali , DeZure Adam , Desai Polly , Cao Huyen , Chokkalingam Anand P. , Osinusi Anu , Brainard Diana M. , Méndez-Echevarría Ana
Published: April 2021

OBJECTIVES:

Remdesivir shortens time to recovery in adults with severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), but its efficacy and safety in children are unknown. We describe outcomes in children with severe COVID-19 treated with remdesivir.

METHODS:

Seventy-seven hospitalized patients <18 years old with confirmed severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection received remdesivir through a compassionate-use program between March 21 and April 22, 2020. The intended remdesivir treatment course was 10 days (200 mg on day 1 and 100 mg daily subsequently for children ≥40 kg and 5 mg/kg on day 1 and 2.5 mg/kg daily subsequently for children <40 kg, given intravenously). Clinical data through 28 days of follow-up were collected.

RESULTS:

Median age was 14 years (interquartile range 7–16, range <2 months to 17 years). Seventy-nine percent of patients had ≥1 comorbid condition. At baseline, 90% of children required supplemental oxygen and 51% required invasive ventilation. By day 28 of follow-up, 88% of patients had a decreased oxygen-support requirement, 83% recovered, and 73% were discharged. Among children requiring invasive ventilation at baseline, 90% were extubated, 80% recovered, and 67% were discharged. There were 4 deaths, of which 3 were attributed to COVID-19. Remdesivir was well tolerated, with a low incidence of serious adverse events (16%). Most adverse events were related to COVID-19 or comorbid conditions. Laboratory abnormalities, including elevations in transaminase levels, were common; 61% were grades 1 or 2.

CONCLUSIONS:

Among 77 children treated with remdesivir for severe COVID-19, most recovered and the rate of serious adverse events was low.
An investigation into the surface termination and near-surface bulk doping of oxygen-terminated diamond with lithium at various annealing temperatures
Authors: Ullah Sami , Cullingford Liam , Zhang Tongfei , Wong Jing Ren , Wan Gary , Cattelan Mattia , Fox Neil
Published: April 2021

An alternative method of doping and surface functionalization of diamond using a chemical route was explored. The interaction of Li with the surface and bulk of oxygen-terminated diamond was investigated using Angle-Resolved X-ray Photoemission Spectroscopy (ARXPS). A stable LiO2 termination of diamond (100) surface and doping of near-surface diamond bulk was achieved up to an annealing temperature of 850 °C. The changes in interaction between the species involved (C, O, Li) and their stoichiometric ratios at the surface were investigated as a function of annealing temperature. This was done using ARXPS peak analysis.

Graphic abstract
Dolls4Peace Memorial
Authors: Royster Rochele
Published: April 2021

This community/art based participatory research project encompassed communal art making practices (art as therapy) to build community, heal and resist systemic oppression and community violence, as well as promote self-care, empowerment, and a sense of purpose. Using an ecological model, participants engaged in community-based art therapy to build and heal communities impacted by gun violence. This "Doll Project" developed as a grassroots approach to arts-based social change—an ongoing cycle of creation, reflection and action with the hope to create a wave of healing and understanding through impacted Chicago communities. This process was intended to engage communities and embody the use of creativity to shift power and flatten hierarchies, largely by building up leadership of those most impacted by violence. The art of doll making was used to memorialize victims of gun violence in the city in record-high years of murders, while simultaneously creating a memorial of resistance, and initiating community-based adaptive change practices for social equity, connectedness, and liberation. Two questions are highlighted by this research: How does gun violence impact school communities within largely isolated, marginalized urban communities? How can we best support those who witness and survive gun violence?
"River Run" (Nancy Maker Brown Song) Revisioned and Reimagined
Authors: Slaughter Kei
Published: April 2021

Video Description (on YouTube):

"River Run." Revisioned and Reimagined. 2021.

Words, music, arrangement by kei slaughter.

 

Originally written in 2019 while participating in the Acoustic Guitar Project - where artists are given one guitar, for one week, to write one song. This intimate performance is a reimagined and revisioned version, weaving deconstructed elements of the original work, with improvised vocalizations, body percussion, and flute loops, and live vocal and flute performance. "River Run" is dedicated to my maternal great great great great grandmother, Nancy Maker Brown.

For me, this (re)mix is an exploration and expression of Black aesthetics - imagining and conjuring new sound worlds through my queer, gender expansive Black body while engaging with ancestral memory. The stripped back elements of breath, tone, and voice, were intentionally used to ground me in my musical-cultural origins, back to a kind of roots music. Thus, embodying the West African concept of Sankofa, as I look back to the past, I also look ahead towards futurity, reflected through the use of live looping, layering, and circular storytelling. Closed captions available.
Investigação da discriminação neural das características acústicas dos sons de fala em normo-ouvintes por meio do Frequency Following Response (FFR)
Authors: Rocha-Muniz Caroline Nunes , Schochat Eliane
Published: April 2021

RESUMO Objetivo Avaliar como as vias auditivas codificam e diferenciam as sílabas plosivas [ga],[da] e [ba], por meio do potencial evocado auditivo Frequency Following Response (FFR), nas crianças em desenvolvimento típico. Método Vinte crianças (6-12 anos) foram avaliadas por meio do FFR para estímulos [ga],[da] e [ba]. Os estímulos foram compostos por seis formantes, sendo diferenciados na transição F2 e F3 (porção transiente). Os demais formantes foram idênticos nas três sílabas (porção sustentada). Foram analisadas latências de 16 ondas que compõe a porção transiente do estímulo (<70ms) e latências de 21 ondas da porção sustentada (90-160ms) nas respostas neurais obtidas para cada uma das sílabas. Resultados As respostas eletrofisiológicas registradas por meio do FFR demonstraram que as latências da porção transiente da resposta neural foram diferentes nas três silabas evocadas. Além disso, os valores de latência das ondas da porção transiente foram aumentando progressivamente, sendo [ga]<[da]<[ba]. Já na porção sustentada da resposta, não houve diferenças significantes nas latências das ondas que compõe essa porção. Conclusão O FFR mostrou-se uma ferramenta eficiente na investigação da discriminação subcortical de diferenças acústicas dos sons de fala, uma vez que demonstrou diferentes resposta eletrofisiológica para três silabas evocadas. Na porção transiente (consoantes) foram observadas mudanças de latência e na porção sustentada (vogal) não houve diferenças entre as latências para os três estímulos. Esses resultados demonstram a capacidade neural de distinção entre características acústicas dos estímulos [ga],[da],[ba].
Exploring the Complexity of Death-Censored Kidney Allograft Failure
Authors: Mayrdorfer Manuel , Liefeldt Lutz , Wu Kaiyin , Rudolph Birgit , Zhang Qiang , Friedersdorff Frank , Lachmann Nils , Schmidt Danilo , Osmanodja Bilgin , Naik Marcel G. , Duettmann Wiebke , Halleck Fabian , Merkel Marina , Schrezenmeier Eva , Waiser Johannes , Duerr Michael , Budde Klemens
Published: April 2021

Significance Statement

Stagnating long-term outcomes are a persistent obstacle for the transplant community, but surprisingly, large contemporary studies investigating the causes of graft failure are rare. However, it is obvious that a thorough analysis of graft failures is the first step to improve outcomes. A study that is on the basis of a database designed and implemented for kidney transplant recipients over 20 years ago and an active effort to keep allograft recipients in the post-transplant care program reveals previously overlooked information that leads to insights into the complexity of allograft failure. These include the effect of T cell–mediated rejection, the role of antibody-mediated rejection in late graft failure, and the influence of recipient age on the causes of graft failure.

Background

Few studies have thoroughly investigated the causes of kidney graft loss (GL), despite its importance.

Methods

A novel approach assigns each persistent and relevant decline in renal function over the lifetime of a renal allograft to a standardized category, hypothesizing that singular or multiple events finally lead to GL. An adjudication committee of three physicians retrospectively evaluated indication biopsies, laboratory testing, and medical history of all 303 GLs among all 1642 recipients of transplants between January 1, 1997 and December 31, 2017 at a large university hospital to assign primary and/or secondary causes of GL.

Results

In 51.2% of the patients, more than one cause contributed to GL. The most frequent primary or secondary causes leading to graft failure were intercurrent medical events in 36.3% of graft failures followed by T cell–mediated rejection (TCMR) in 34% and antibody-mediated rejection (ABMR) in 30.7%. In 77.9%, a primary cause could be attributed to GL, of which ABMR was most frequent (21.5%). Many causes for GL were identified, and predominant causes for GL varied over time.

Conclusions

GL is often multifactorial and more complex than previously thought.
Diálogos incómodos en el Palacio Jaburu: la cobertura mediática del escándalo político en el Jornal Nacional
Authors:   Universidade Paulista (UNIP), FERNANDES Carla , OLIVEIRA Luiz ,   Universidade Federal de São João del-Rei (UFSJ), CHAGAS Genira ,   Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP)
Published: April 2021

A corrupção, principalmente quando praticada por líderes políticos, torna-se um dos principais elementos do escândalo político-midiático. Com base nesta premissa, este artigo busca analisar o protagonismo do Jornal Nacional no escândalo político envolvendo o Presidente da República Michel Temer (MDB) e a JBS, produtora de proteína animal. Como amostra, serão analisadas as reportagens exibindo os áudios do diálogo entre Temer e Joesley Batista, acionista da empresa, do período que compreende o início do vazamento na mídia, em 17 de maio de 2017, até 27 de junho, data em que o presidente foi indiciado formalmente pela Procuradoria Geral da República. Presume-se que o JN tenha investido na divulgação diária do evento, com reprodução sistemática dos áudios, mantendo o escândalo em evidência, com o intuito de comprometer a imagem política do presidente peemedebista.
Uso educativo de la radio en tiempos de pandemia en escuelas rurales chilenas
Authors:   Universidad de Huelva, CARIAS PÉREZ Fernando , GÓMEZ Ángel ,   Universidad de Huelva, MARÍN-GUTIÉRREZ Isidro ,   Universidad Técnica Particular de Loja (UTPL)
Published: April 2021

Se realizó una investigación de cómo se ha incorporado la radio educativa a los tiempos de pandemia, desde la experiencia de docentes en escuelas rurales del sur de Chile. El análisis se centra en cómo ha sido utilizada la radio como recurso pedagógico. Se utilizó una metodología cualitativa para el levantamiento de los datos, a partir de entrevistas al profesorado de escuelas. Los resultados demostraron prácticas innovadoras en los docentes para la producción de material didáctico en cuanto al uso de la radio, adaptando los contenidos al formato radiofónico y el contexto intercultural mapuche huilliche. Como conclusión se evidencia que la radio sigue siendo una alternativa ante las brechas de acceso a Internet.
Lo “indígena” en los medios sociales: un análisis bibliométrico desde Scopus
Authors: DIAZ SUAREZ Lebniz
Published: April 2021

El objetivo de esta investigación es analizar lo que nos dice la producción científica reunida en la base de datos Scopus sobre la influencia de lo “indígena” en y a través de los medios sociales. Para ello se realizó el análisis bibliométrico de 70 documentos y 52 artículos. Los resultados muestran que el interés de los investigadores por los tópicos que relacionan a lo “indígena” con la nueva ecología mediática ha crecido desde 2013 hasta la fecha de manera progresiva, que Australia cuenta con la mayor producción científica al respecto, y que las implicancias de la participación de lo “indígena” en medios sociales alcanzan lo social, la salud, psicología, tecnología e ingeniería, ciencias ambientales y demás asignaturas. En conclusión, la evidencia científica en Scopus sobre este tema nos dice que hay una evolución positiva de la cuestión indígena que radica en algo más que su visibilidad, pues va evolucionando también con respecto a su ubicuidad y a su glocalidad, manifestación de esto es que avanza del paternalismo hacía el empoderamiento de lo “indígena”
https://revistachasqui.org/index.php/chasqui/article/view/4418
Authors:   Universidad Nacional de Moreno. Argentina, Marquez Catalina
Published: April 2021

En este trabajo se presenta la reseña del libro Convergencia digital y políticas de comunicación en Argentina, Brasil y México (2000-2017), de Ana Bizberge. En este se exponen los resultados de su tesis doctoral donde se hace un análisis exhaustivo de las políticas regulatorias en materia de convergencia digital. Se hace un repaso histórico del sistema de medios de la región y los diversos desafíos y retos que surgen en Argentina, Brasil y México.
CANADIAN LINKS WITH BRITISH MILITARY GEOLOGY 1814 TO 1945
Authors: ROSE EDWARD P. F.
Published: April 2021

Military applications of geology became apparent within the United Kingdom during the nineteenth century, and were developed during the First World War and more extensively during the Second, incidentally by some officers with links to Canada. In the nineteenth century, three Royal Engineer major-generals with geological interests had served there briefly: Joseph Ellison Portlock (1794–1864) helped to stem invasion of Upper Canada by the United States Army in 1814, pioneer geological survey in Ireland from 1826, and promote knowledge of geology amongst British Army officers; Frederick Henry Baddeley (1794–1879) helped to pioneer geological studies in south-east Canada in the 1820s; Richard John Nelson (1803–1877) served in Canada after mapping the geology of Jersey in 1828 and making geological observations in Bermuda. During the First World War, Tannatt William Edgeworth David (1858–1934), a Welsh-born Australian and from 1916 to 1918 the senior of two geologists serving with the British Army on the Western Front, had a Canadian military family link through his mother; and Reginald Walter Brock (1874–1935), Dean of Applied Science at the University of British Columbia and a distinguished Canadian geologist, interrupted his career for infantry service in Europe but was used as a geologist from mid-1918, in Palestine. During the Second World War, the British military geologist Frederick William Shotton (1906–1990) provided geological advice to, amongst other units, Canadian forces who generated thematic maps for parts of northern France that predicted ‘going’ (conditions affecting cross-country vehicle mobility) to follow the D-Day Allied landings in Normandy. In 1943, Thomas Crawford Phemister (1902–1982), Professor and Head of the Department of Geology and Mineralogy at the University of Aberdeen in Scotland but from 1926 to 1932 an associate professor at the University of British Columbia, as an ‘emergency’ Royal Engineers captain founded the Geological Section of the Inter-Service Topographical Department, a unit whose reports and thematic maps provided terrain intelligence for Allied forces in both Europe and the Far East from a base in England, within the University of Oxford. John Leonard Farrington (1906–1982), an undergraduate student from 1923 to 1928 of Brock and/or Phemister at the University of British Columbia, co-founded the Section and soon succeeded Phemister as its head, from 1944 to 1945 in the rank of major. Soon after 1945, military geologists became established in continuity within the British Army.
A CASE OF MISTAKEN IDENTITY: IS MARY ANNING (1799–1847) ACTUALLY WILLIAM BUCKLAND (1784–1856)?
Authors: SHARPE TOM
Published: April 2021

It is proposed that a well-known and much-reproduced watercolour long held to show the Lyme Regis fossil dealer Mary Anning (1799–1847) in the field is most likely to be a sketch of Oxford geologist William Buckland (1784–1856). The artist, commonly said to be Anning’s friend Henry Thomas De la Beche (1796–1855), can be shown to be geologist and surveyor Thomas Sopwith (1803–1879). The location of the sketch is identified as the mountains of North Wales and not the Lyme Regis foreshore. The drawing dates from October 1841 when Buckland and Sopwith were on a tour of North Wales in search of glacial landforms.
Attitude Towards Studying in Different Periods of Russian School Education Development
Authors: Andreeva A.D.
Published: April 2021

The basis for the study was the hypothesis that the attitude towards studying in adolescents finishing middle school varies depending on the specific social and economic requirements of society. Attitude towards studying is considered in the unity of its motivational and emotional components. The paper presents results of a comparative historical analysis of the attitude towards studying in modern middle school graduates and their peers of the postwar years and the era of ‘developed socialism’. The starting point for the comparison was the data of the studies conducted by L.I. Bozhovich’s scientific school in the second half of the last century. The methodological tools and parameters of the sample of subjects were determined in accordance with the requirements of a comparative historical study. Comparison with research data from the Soviet era was carried out both by quantitative parameters and by qualitative descriptions of age-related patterns of adolescent personality development. It is shown that the social situation of development significantly affects the content and structure of middle school graduate’s learning motivation. The motives for getting a profession were the most important in postwar years, whereas in the years of stagnation the value of learning and cognitive motives increased; moreover, the ranking positions of the former and the latter differed by several points. As for modern graduates, these motives have come closer and occupy leading positions in the hierarchy: learning and cognitive motives act as motives-stimuli, and the succeeding motives for getting a profession fulfill a meaning-making function. The modern middle school graduates’ attitude towards studying is emotionally more intense and contradictory than in the postwar years and the era of stagnation. We consider this indicates the tension of self-determination situation in the context of the variability of the modern educational environment.
Key Problems in the Studies of Alexithymia and Its Relationship with Cognitive Emotion Regulation Strategies, Flexibility of Coping with stress and Emotional Disorders
Authors: Larionow P.
Published: April 2021

The article discusses the ideas concerning the multidimensionality of the alexithymia construct and the problems of alexithymia studies. The relationship of various alexithymic traits with cognitive emotion regulation (ER), coping flexibility (CF) and psycho-emotional symptomatology was studied. The participants (N=109, 19—34 years old, 82.6% women) filled out the following questionnaires: the Bermond-Vorst Alexithymia Questionnaire, the Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire, the Flexibility of Coping with Stress Questionnaire, and the Four-Dimensional Symptom Questionnaire for assessing distress, depression, anxiety, and somatization. Young people with type III alexithymia and those with no alexithymia are characterized by favorable cognitive ER and CF. The opposite tendency is characteristic for individuals with alexithymia type I and II. High emotional arousability and low cognitive emotional processing ability determine low adaptiveness and vulnerability to emotional disorders. Low cognitive awareness of emotions contributes to the diminishing use of adaptive cognitive ER strategies and leads to a decrease in CF. Low emotional arousability contributes to a high CF and, along with concrete thinking, reduces the use of maladaptive ER strategies.
Self-Destructive Online Content: Features of Attitude and Response of Adolescents and Youth
Authors: Soldatova G.U. , Ilyukhina S.N.
Published: April 2021

The paper examines the most common types of self-destructive online behavior of adolescents and young people (self-harm, suicide, and eating disorders), which are reflected on the Internet in the form of self-destructive content. We present the results of the empirical study on the perception of and reactions to self-destructive content and content about psychological assistance by 15—17-year-old adolescents and 18—25-year-old youths. The yielded data confirms that adolescents and young people are active consumers of self-destructive online content. Based on the analysis of the role of gender, age differences, and differences in the use of the Internet in responding to the aforementioned types of self-destructive content, we marked out a risk group, represented by adolescents and young people who show increased attention to self-destructive online content, as well as those who use the Internet more intensively and are more often subjected to various types of violence in real life. We emphasize the importance of developing effective online prevention measures for self-destructive behavior in adolescents and young people, nurturing a digital culture of online behavior, and raising digital competence, allowing for the creation of a safe and comfortable online space.