bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Highly Stable 4.6 V LiCoO2 Cathodes for Rechargeable Li Batteries by Rubidium‐Based Surface Modifications
Authors: Fan Tianju , Wang Yujie , Harika Villa Krishna , Nimkar Amey , Wang Kai , Liu Xiaolang , Wang Meng , Xu Leimin , Elias Yuval , Sclar Hadar , Chae Munseok S. , Min Yonggang , Lu Yuhao , Shpigel Netanel , Aurbach Doron
Published: October 2022

Among extensively studied Li‐ion cathode materials, LiCoO2 (LCO) remains dominant for portable electronic applications. Although its theoretical capacity (274 mAh g−1) cannot be achieved in Li cells, high capacity (≤240 mAh g−1) can be obtained by raising the charging voltage up to 4.6 V. Unfortunately, charging Li‐LCO cells to high potentials induces surface and structural instabilities that result in rapid degradation of cells containing LCO cathodes. Yet, significant stabilization is achieved by surface coatings that promote formation of robust passivation films and prevent parasitic interactions between the electrolyte solutions and the cathodes particles. In the search for effective coatings, the authors propose RbAlF4 modified LCO particles. The coated LCO cathodes demonstrate enhanced capacity (>220 mAh g−1) and impressive retention of >80/77% after 500/300 cycles at 30/45 °C. A plausible mechanism that leads to the superior stability is proposed. Finally the authors demonstrate that the main reason for the degradation of 4.6 V cells is the instability of the anode side rather than the failure of the coated cathodes.
Texture Regulation of Metal–Organic Frameworks, Microwave Absorption Mechanism‐Oriented Structural Optimization and Design Perspectives
Authors: Gao Zhenguo , Iqbal Aamir , Hassan Tufail , Zhang Limin , Wu Hongjing , Koo Chong Min
Published: October 2022

Texture regulation of metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) is essential for controlling their electromagnetic wave (EMW) absorption properties. This review systematically summarizes the recent advancements in texture regulation strategies for MOFs, including etching and exchange of central ions, etching and exchange of ligands, chemically induced self‐assembly, and MOF‐on‐MOF heterostructure design. Additionally, the EMW absorption mechanisms in approaches based on structure–function dependencies, including nano‐micro topological engineering, defect engineering, interface engineering, and hybrid engineering, are comprehensively explored. Finally, current challenges and future research orientation are proposed. This review aims to provide new perspectives for designing MOF‐derived EMW‐absorption materials to achieve essential breakthroughs in mechanistic investigations in this promising field.
Rigorous Assessment of Cl−‐Based Anolytes on Electrochemical Ammonia Synthesis
Authors: Lv Zengxiang , Hao Leiduan , Yao Zhibo , Li Weixiang , Robertson Alex W. , Sun Zhenyu
Published: October 2022

Many challenges in the electrochemical synthesis of ammonia have been recognized with most effort focused on delineating false positives resulting from unidentified sources of nitrogen. However, the influence of oxidizing anolytes on the crossover and oxidization of ammonium during the electrolysis reaction remains unexplored. Here it is reported that the use of analytes containing halide ions (Cl− and Br−) can rapidly convert the ammonium into N2, which further intensifies the crossover of ammonium. Moreover, the extent of migration and oxidation of ammonium is found to be closely associated with external factors, such as applied potentials and the concentration of Cl−. These findings demonstrate the profound impact of oxidizing anolytes on the electrochemical synthesis of ammonia. Based on these results, many prior reported ammonia yield rates are calibrated. This work emphasizes the significance of avoiding selection of anolytes that can oxidize ammonium, which is believed to promote further progress in electrochemical nitrogen fixation.
Integration of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) and vegetables (Amaranthus hybridus and Brassica rapa pekinensis) for improved production, water use efficiency and nutrient recycling
Authors: Mulokozi Deogratias Pius , Berg Håkan , Tamatamah Rashid Adam , Lundh Torbjörn , Onyango Paul Ochieng
Published: October 2022

Sustainable agriculture intensification is an urgent challenge in developing countries including Tanzania. One potential solution is to adopt farming systems that increase farm production by optimizing resource use efficiency, and integrated aquaculture system, which involves farming of fish and crops, is an example of such systems. This study investigated the impact of Integrated agriculture and aquaculture (IAA) farming on water use efficiency, fish and vegetable production and overall system profitability, and how these parameters are affected by fish stocking densities. Oreochromis niloticus (2.5 g average initial weight) were cultured at low stocking density (five fish m−3, LSD), medium stocking density (eight fish m−3, MSD), and high stocking density (12 fish m−3, HSD) for 205 days. Brassica rapa pekinensis and Amaranthus hybridus cultivated adjacent to the fish tanks were irrigated with; (i) fish tank water, without any fertilizer inputs; (ii) fish tank water, partially fertilized; (iii) tap water, fully fertilized (farmers’ practice); and (iv) tap water without any fertilizer inputs. Although the use of tank water from the high fish stocking density resulted in significantly higher vegetable yield, high fish stocking resulted in lower fish growth, profitability and water use efficiency compared to the other fish stocking densities, probably because of low survival rates (28%) at high stocking densities. The integration of fish at a medium stocking density with vegetables resulted in significantly higher net income than when fish and vegetables were grown separately.
Germination of grass species from dry and wet grasslands in response to osmotic stress under present and future temperatures
Authors: Souza Cristiele S. , Ramos Desirée M. , Barbosa Eduardo R. M. , Borghetti Fabian
Published: October 2022

Premise

Seed germination is controlled by the soil microclimate, which is expected to change with the temperature increase and rainfall irregularity predicted for the future. Because changes in soil characteristics directly affect species recruitment, vegetation dynamics and resilience, we investigated how caryopses of native grasses from dry and wet grasslands respond to water stress under current and future temperature regimes.

Methods

Caryopses were collected from 10 grass species in dry and wet grasslands, subjected or not to a fire event, and tested for germination at increasing osmotic potential (0 to –1.0 MPa) at current (17°/27°C night/day) and future (23°/33°C) simulated temperatures.

Results

The viability and germination percentages of caryopses from both dry and wet grassland species were progressively reduced as osmotic stress increased, irrespective of temperature regime. The viability of caryopses from wet grassland species was reduced under the future temperature regime, irrespective of osmotic potential. The slow germination of caryopses of dry grassland species at the present temperature regime was absent when they were incubated in the future temperature regime.

Conclusions

More intense water stress reduced the survival of caryopses for both dry and wet grassland grass species. The predicted future temperature regime reduced the viability of wet grassland species and altered the germination strategy of dry grassland species. These results indicate that increasing water stress and temperature predicted for the future may compromise the recruitment potential of dry and wet grassland species and directly impact the dynamics and resilience of these ecosystems.
Mimics of Pediatric Small Vessel Primary Angiitis of the Central Nervous System
Authors: Stredny Coral M. , Blessing Melissa M. , Yi Vivian , Ryan Morgan E. , Zhang Bo , Solomon Isaac H. , Prabhu Sanjay P. , Alexandrescu Sanda , Gorman Mark P.
Published: October 2022

Objective

Small vessel primary angiitis of the central nervous system is a rare and often severe disease characterized by central nervous system‐restricted inflammatory vasculitis on histopathology. Diagnosis requires brain biopsy for confirmation and is suggested prior to starting immunotherapy when feasible. However, emerging evidence suggests that other neuroinflammatory conditions may have a clinical and radiographic phenotype that mimics small vessel primary angiitis, at times with overlapping pathologic features as well. Such diagnoses, including myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody‐associated disease and central nervous system‐restricted hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis, can be non‐invasively diagnosed with serum antibody or genetic testing that would prompt different monitoring and treatment paradigms. To determine the ultimate diagnosis of patients who were suspected prior to biopsy to have small vessel primary angiitis, we reviewed the clinical, radiographic, and pathological features of a cohort of patients at a single center undergoing brain biopsy for non‐oncologic indications.

Methods

Clinical data were retrospectively extracted from the medical record. Pathology and neuroimaging review was conducted.

Results

We identified 21 patients over a 19‐year time‐period, of whom 14 (66.7%) were ultimately diagnosed with entities other than small vessel primary angiitis that would have obviated the need for brain biopsy. Diagnoses included anti‐myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody associated disease (n = 9), central nervous system‐restricted hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (n = 3), anti‐GABAA receptor encephalitis (n = 1), and Aicardi‐Goutières syndrome (n = 1).

Interpretation

This study highlights the importance of pursuing now readily available non‐invasive testing for mimicking diagnoses before performing a brain biopsy for suspected small vessel primary angiitis of the central nervous system. ANN NEUROL 2023;93:109–119
Copper‐Catalyzed 1,2‐Dicarbonylative Cyclization of Alkenes with Alkyl Bromides via Radical Cascade Process
Authors: Zhao Fengqian , Gu Xing‐Wei , Franke Robert , Wu Xiao‐Feng
Published: October 2022

Herein, we developed a new procedure on 1,2‐dicarbonylative cyclization of 4‐aryl‐1‐butenes with alkyl bromides. Using simple copper catalyst, two molecules of carbon monoxide were introduced into the double bond with the formation of four new C−C bonds and a new ring. Various α‐tetralones and 2,3‐dihydroquinolin‐4‐ones were formed in moderate to good yields.
Micro and nanotechnologies: The little formulations that could
Authors: Stiepel Rebeca T. , Duggan Eliza , Batty Cole J. , Ainslie Kristy M.
Published: October 2022

The first publication of micro‐ and nanotechnology in medicine was in 1798 with the use of the Cowpox virus by Edward Jenner as an attenuated vaccine against Smallpox. Since then, there has been an explosion of micro‐ and nanotechnologies for medical applications. The breadth of these micro‐ and nanotechnologies is discussed in this piece, presenting the date of their first report and their latest progression (e.g., clinical trials, FDA approval). This includes successes such as the recent severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) vaccines from Pfizer, Moderna, and Janssen (Johnson & Johnson) as well as the most popular nanoparticle therapy, liposomal Doxil. However, the enormity of the success of these platforms has not been without challenges. For example, we discuss why the production of Doxil was halted for several years, and the bankruptcy of BIND therapeutics, which relied on a nanoparticle drug carrier. Overall, the field of micro‐ and nanotechnology has advanced beyond these challenges and continues advancing new and novel platforms that have transformed therapies, vaccines, and imaging. In this review, a wide range of biomedical micro‐ and nanotechnology is discussed to serve as a primer to the field and provide an accessible summary of clinically relevant micro‐ and nanotechnology platforms.
Case of recurring Kikuchi disease and autoimmune hepatitis
Authors: Dhamrah Umaima , Ireifej Branden , Ummar Sibghatallah , Batool Nuzhat , Song David , Sheth Nirali , Shrestha Abhigan Babu , Jaiswal Vikash
Published: October 2022

We present a case of a 47‐year‐old female patient with a history of diagnosed Kikuchi disease and autoimmune hepatitis 13 years ago who presented with recurrent fevers and a desquamative rash on the lower extremities. Computed tomography neck showed enlarged lymph nodes, and with her daily fevers and skin rashes the presentation was concerning for recurrence of her Kikuchi disease. The patient was also found to have an elevated anti‐smooth muscle antibody titer, and subsequent liver biopsy confirmed the diagnosis of autoimmune hepatitis. She was started on methylprednisolone with improvement. Our case emphasizes the association of Kikuchi disease with autoimmune conditions other than systemic lupus erythematosus. Given the recurrence of the disease after a decade of quiescence, long‐term follow‐up of patients with Kikuchi disease should be implemented.
Electrodeposition of Metal‐Free Polyaniline Electrocatalyst for Efficient Oxygen Evolution in Acid
Authors: Xu Meng , Gao Wenluan , Zhao Rong , Sun Jiuyi , Han Yunxi , Niu Xiaopo , Xu Zhihong , Qin Yue , Wang Qingfa
Published: October 2022

Developing efficient and competitive electrocatalysts for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) in acid is a great challenge for hydrogen production. Compared with metal catalysts, metal‐free catalysts are more environmentally friendly and cheaper. Herein, we present a novel non‐metallic self‐supporting polyaniline catalyst (PANI3/CFP) synthesized by electrodeposition for efficient water oxidation. Benefiting from the three‐dimensional network structure, excellent conductivity, and large number of nitrogen functional groups, PANI3/CFP exhibits high activity towards OER. At a current density of 10 mA cm−2, PANI3/CFP delivers a low overpotential of 204 mV in 0.1 mHClO4, much lower than commercial Ir/C and previously reported acidic OER catalysts. Besides, the turnover frequency (TOF) value of PANI3/CFP reaches 0.0456 s−1at 1.5 V versus the reversible hydrogen electrode (vs. RHE). Analysis of structure and electrocatalytic performances reveal that =N− species in polyaniline are the main active sites for acidic OER. This work provides a unique strategy for the design of non‐metallic acidic OER catalysts.
Measuring the gap between elicited and revealed risk for investors: An empirical study
Authors: Thompson John R. J. , Feng Longlong , Reesor R. Mark , Grace Chuck , Metzler Adam
Published: October 2022

Financial advisors use questionnaires and discussions with clients to determine investment goals, elicit risk preference and tolerance and establish a suitable portfolio allocation for different risk categories. Financial institutions assign risk ratings to their financial products. Advisors use these ratings to categorize products into the same risk categories used for portfolio allocation. Subsequently, clients select a portfolio of assets whose risk profile we call revealed risk. This paper proposes a novel methodology for comparing an individual's elicited and revealed risk. We propose using Value‐at‐Risk to measure elicited and revealed risk and the discrepancy between them, showing whether clients are over‐risked or under‐risked. We demonstrate the methodology using a dataset from a Canadian private financial dealer. We find that elicited risk is consistently higher than revealed risk–advisors build a safety buffer into their recommendations–and elicited risk varies with respect to demographic features and trading behaviors in expected ways–investors are receiving sound advice. This risk discrepancy could be used, for example, to gauge the quality of financial advice an individual is receiving, or it could be used to help advisors communicate inconsistencies between client trading actions and client goals. Our methodology falls into the interest realms of advisors, regulators, and dealerships.
Activated Single‐Phase Ti4O7 Nanosheets with Efficient Use of Precious Metal for Inspired Oxygen Reduction Reaction
Authors: Xu Fan , Zou Qing , Xiong Gangquan , Zhang Huijuan , Wang Feipeng , Wang Yu
Published: October 2022

The oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) is central to modern energy storage and conversion technologies for grids such as fuel cells and electrolyzers, but challenges remain due to the lack of reliable, economic, and durable electrocatalysts. Here, we develop single‐crystal conductive black titanium (Ti4O7) nanosheets (NSs) as a new precious metal carrier based on sacrificial hard templates and ultrasonic‐assisted peeling, and deposit Pt clusters on Ti4O7  NSs induced by wetness impregnation under the irradiation of visible light (VI; 650 nm). Pt/Ti4O7  NSs provide Ti3+, Pt2+, and Pt0+ continuous active sites for the ORR multielectron process, achieving synergy among them. The assistance of visible light not only makes a more uniform and smaller distribution of Pt nanoclusters, but also strengthens the charge transfer, thereby constructing a strong metal‐support interaction interface. VI−Pt/Ti4O7  NSs show superior initial oxidation potential and a mass activity of 1.61 A mg−1Pt at a E1/2=0.91 V, which is nine times higher than that of commercial Pt/C. This work provides an effective strategy for achieving high‐value applications of titanium sub‐oxides and further explores the enhanced interface in metals TinO2n‐1 by light radiation.
Vibrational Properties of LaNb0.8M0.2O4‐δ (M=As, Sb, V, and Ta)
Authors: Mielewczyk‐Gryń Aleksandra , Wachowski Sebastian , Dzierzgowski Kacper , Szpunar Iga , Strychalska‐Nowak Judyta , Klimczuk Tomasz , Sawczak Mirosław , Gazda Maria
Published: October 2022

LaNb0.8M0.2O4‐δ (where M=As, Sb, V, and Ta) oxides with pentavalent elements of different ionic sizes were synthesized by a solid‐state reaction method. The vibrational properties of these oxides have been investigated. These studies revealed that the substituent element influences both Debye temperature value as well as the Raman active vibrational modes. Additionally, the low‐temperature vibrational properties of LaNb0.8Sb0.2O4‐δ have been determined to show the phase transition occurrence at 260 K which is lower than previously reported.
(La1‐xMx)2(Nb0.45Yb0.55)2O7‐δ (M=Ca, Sr, Ba) Ionic Conductors Promoted by Foreign/Domestic Dual Acceptor‐Doping Strategies
Authors: Zhang Xiaorong , Jiang Lulu , Guo Shihang , Han Donglin
Published: October 2022

In this work, a class of ionic conductor (La1‐xMx)2(Nb0.45Yb0.55)2O7‐δ (M=Ca, Sr, and Ba) with a cubic pyrochlore structure was reported. Two strategies were adopted to increase the concentration of oxygen vacancies favoring the hydration reaction to introduce protons. One was increasing the cation ratio between Yb and Nb over unity, the other was doping divalent alkaline earth elements to replace trivalent La. Proton conduction was evidenced by confirming the proton incorporation and H/D isotope effect in electrical conductivity. Doping Ca, Sr, and Ba further promoted the proton conduction. The results of crystal structure refinement indicated that the extrinsically introduced oxygen vacancies by the two strategies were accommodated in the tetrahedra (48 f) containing two La and two Yb/Nb cations, while the tetrahedra containing four La cations (8a) were fully occupied by oxide ions. A discussion was thereby performed, leading to the suggestion that not all the tetrahedra in the cubic pyrochlore structure of (La1‐xMx)2(Nb0.45Yb0.55)2O7‐δ helped in incorporating and conducting protons, and only the oxygen vacancies surrounded by four Y cations (48 f site) or two La and two Y cations (8b site) were hydratable. It is thereby suggested that to enhance the proton conduction in pyrochlore oxides, an effective strategy might be tuning the ability of hydration or protonation of the tetrahedra to increase the proton concentration and expand the route for proton conduction.
The destructive nature of fake consensus
Authors: Freebairn‐Smith Laura
Published: October 2022

In the first five columns, I covered:
Leaf litter breakdown along an elevational gradient in Australian alpine streams
Authors: Werry Lloyd P. , Bundschuh Mirco , Mitrovic Simon M. , Lim Richard P. , Kefford Ben J.
Published: October 2022

The breakdown of allochthonous organic matter, is a central step in nutrient cycling in stream ecosystems. There is concern that increased temperatures from climate change will alter the breakdown rate of organic matter, with important consequences for the ecosystem functioning of alpine streams. This study investigated the rate of leaf litter breakdown and how temperature and other factors such as microbial and invertebrate activities influenced this over elevational and temporal gradients. Dried leaves of Snow Gum (Eucalyptus pauciflora) and cotton strips were deployed in coarse (6 mm), and fine (50 μm) mesh size bags along an 820 m elevation gradient. Loss of mass in leaf litter and cotton tensile strength per day (k per day), fungal biomass measured as ergosterol concentration, invertebrate colonization of leaf litter, and benthic organic matter (mass and composition) were determined. Both microbial and macroinvertebrate activities were equally important in leaf litter breakdown with the abundance of shredder invertebrate taxa. The overall leaf litter breakdown rate and loss of tensile strength in cotton strips (both k per day) were greater during warmer deployment periods and at lower elevations, with significant positive relationships between mean water temperature and leaf breakdown and loss of tensile strength rate, but no differences between sites, after accounting for the effects of temperature. Despite considerably lower amounts of benthic organic matter in streams above the tree line relative to those below, shredders were present in coarse mesh bags at all sites. Ergosterol concentration was greater on leaves in coarse mesh bags than in fine mesh bags, implying differences in the microbial communities. The importance of water temperatures on the rate of leaf litter breakdown suggests the potential effects of climate change‐induced temperature increases on ecological processes in such streams.
Heart rate control with landiolol hydrochloride in infants with ventricular dysfunction and pulmonary hypertension
Authors: Schroeder Lukas , Monno Paulina , Unger Martin , Ackerl Jakob , Shatilova Olga , Schmitt Joachim , Dresbach Till , Mueller Andreas , Kipfmueller Florian
Published: October 2022

Aims

Sinus tachycardia potentially leads to a deterioration of cardiac function in critically ill infants. The ultrashort‐acting beta‐blocker landiolol hydrochloride is a new pharmacological option for a selective heart rate (HR) control in patients with sinus tachycardia and heart failure.

Methods and results

This study was a monocentric retrospective medical chart review study at the University Children's Hospital Bonn (Germany) from 01 January 2018 until 30 June 2020. This study included a cohort of 62 term and preterm infants with a diagnosis of ventricular dysfunction and/or pulmonary hypertension (PH), in combination with preexisting tachycardia and treatment with landiolol hydrochloride. Infants were allocated to subgroups according to weeks of gestational age (GA): born at <35 weeks of GA (Group A) and born at >35 weeks of GA (Group B). Tachycardia was defined depending on GA (<35 weeks of GA: >170 b.p.m.;
35 weeks of GA: >150 b.p.m.). The primary endpoint was defined as percentage of patients achieving HR normalization during the first 24 h of landiolol treatment. Twenty‐nine infants were allocated to Group A and 33 infants to Group B. The overall median GA of the infants was 35.3 (23.3/41.3), with 53% female infants. The primary endpoint was achieved in 57 patients (91.9%). The median time to reach target HR was 1.8 (0.3–24) h. The median starting dose of landiolol was 8.8 (3.9–25.3) μk/kg/min, with a median dosing during the first 24 h of landiolol treatment of 9.9 (2.8–35.4) μk/kg/min. The median landiolol dose while achieving the target HR was 10 (2.4–44.4) μk/kg/min. The right ventricular dysfunction improved significantly in both groups 24 h after onset of landiolol infusion (P = 0.001 in Group A and P = 0.045 in Group B). The left ventricular and biventricular dysfunction improved significantly 24 h after onset of landiolol infusion in infants of Group B (P = 0.004 and P = 0.006, respectively). The severity of PH improved significantly after 24 h in infants of Group A (P < 0.001). During landiolol treatment, no severe drug‐related adverse event was noted.

Conclusions

The use of landiolol hydrochloride for HR control of non‐arrhythmic tachycardia in critically ill infants is well tolerated. Reduction of HR can be guided quickly and landiolol treatment is associated with an improvement of ventricular dysfunction and PH.
Kinetic and Dynamic Kinetic Resolution by Dual Catalysis
Authors: Thejashree Gangavara L. , Doris Eric , Gravel Edmond , Namboothiri Irishi N. N.
Published: October 2022

Kinetic resolution is one of the most common methods to access enantiomerically enriched compounds. In this method, the resolution is based on the existing difference in reaction rates of the two enantiomers with a chiral catalyst. In the dynamic kinetic resolution, the less reactive enantiomer is racemized and the racemic mixture is further resolved, leading eventually to complete transformation to an enantioenriched compound. This review summarizes the dual catalytic strategies (i. e., modular combinations of distinct catalysts) that have been applied to kinetic resolution and dynamic kinetic resolution. We focus upon the role of the two catalysts, the compatibility between them, and the practical benefits.
Virtual surgical planning for maxillary reconstruction with the scapular free flap: An evaluation of a simple cutting guide design
Authors: Tran Khanh Linh , Kwon Jae Young , Gui Xi Yao , Wang Edward , Yang David , Durham James Scott , Prisman Eitan
Published: October 2022

Background

The study's objective is to assess the feasibility and utility of VSP for maxillary reconstruction with the scapular free flap.

Methods

An open‐source VSP platform was used to create the reconstruction models and simple guides. Clinical, operative, and postoperative data were collected.

Results

Ten patients in the VSP cohort and 18 in the non‐VSP control cohort were included in the study. There was a significant reduction in operative time (256.0 ± 69.4 vs. 448.1 ± 108.2 min, p < 0.01), tracheotomy rate (20% vs. 72%, p < 0.01), increased two‐team utilization rate (80% vs. 0%, p < 0.01) and better reconstructive accuracy (7.5 ± 3.4 vs. 11.7 ± 7.6 mm, p = 0.048) for the VSP cohort.

Conclusions

Maxillary reconstruction planned with an in‐house open‐source VSP platform and accompanied simple guides can facilitate a two‐team approach, reduce operative time, and improve structural accuracy. This open‐source technology has great potential to be readily applied in other institutions to improve efficiency and outcomes.
Risk factors, thromboembolic events, and clinical course of New‐Onset Atrial Fibrillation among COVID‐19 hospitalized patients: A multicenter cross‐sectional analysis in Iran
Authors: Rahimi Fatemeh Sadat , Afaghi Siamak , Tarki Farzad Esmaeili , Omran Hossein Salehi , Nasirpour Mohammad Hossein
Published: October 2022

Background and Aims

We focused on determining the risk factors, thromboembolic events, and clinical course of New‐Onset Atrial Fibrillation (NOAF) among hospitalized coronavirus disease (COVID‐19) patients.

Methods

This retrospective study was conducted in the major referral centers in Tehran, Iran. Of 1764 patients enrolled in the study from January 2020 until July 2021, 147 had NOAF, and 1617 had normal sinus rhythm. Univariate and multivariate Logistic regressions were employed accordingly to evaluate NOAF risk factors. The statistical assessments have been run utilizing SPSS 25.0 (SPSS) or R 3.6.3 software.

Results

For the NOAF patients, the age was significantly higher, and the more prevalent comorbidities were metabolic syndrome, heart failure (HF), peripheral vascular disease, coronary artery disease, and liver cirrhosis. The multivariate analysis showed the established independent risk factors were; Troponin‐I (hazard ratio [HR] = 3.86; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.89−7.87; p < 0.001), HF (HR = 2.54; 95% CI = 1.61−4.02; p < 0.001), bilateral grand‐glass opacification (HR = 2.26; 95% CI = 1.68−3.05; p = 0.002). For cases with thromboembolic events, NOAF was the most important prognostic factor (odds ratio [OR] = 2.97; 95% CI = 2.03−4.33; p < 0.001). While evaluating the diagnostic ability of prognostic factors in detecting NOAF, Troponin‐I (Area under the curve [AUC] = 0.85), C‐Reactive Protein (AUC = 0.72), and
d‐dimer (AUC = 0.65) had the most accurate sensitivity. Furthermore, the Kaplan‐Meier curves demonstrated that the survival rates diminished more steeply for patients with NOAF history.

Conclusion

In hospitalized COVID‐19 patients with NOAF, the risk of thromboembolic events, hospital stay, and fatality are significantly higher. The established risk factors showed that patients with older age, higher inflammation states, and more severe clinical conditions based on CHADS2VASC‐score potentially need subsequent preventive strategies. Appropriate prophylactic anticoagulants, Initial management of cytokine storm, sufficient oxygen support, and reducing viral shedding could be of assistance in such patients.
Women's mental health and climate change Part II: Socioeconomic stresses of climate change and eco‐anxiety for women and their children
Authors: Rothschild Julia , Haase Elizabeth
Published: October 2022

Climate change is a significant public health crisis that is both rooted in pre‐existing inequitable socioeconomic and racial systems and will further worsen these social injustices. In the face of acute and slow‐moving natural disasters, women, and particularly women of color, will be more susceptible to gender‐based violence, displacement, and other socioeconomic stressors, all of which have adverse mental health outcomes. Among the social consequences of climate change, eco‐anxiety resulting from these negative impacts is also increasingly a significant factor in family planning and reproductive justice, as well as disruptions of the feminine connection to nature that numerous cultures historically and currently honor. This narrative review will discuss these sociologic factors and also touch on ways that practitioners can become involved in climate‐related advocacy for the physical and mental well‐being of their patients.
Over two decades of research on the marine RNA virosphere
Authors: Liao Meng‐en , Xie Yunyi , Shi Mang , Cui Jie
Published: October 2022

RNA viruses (realm: Riboviria), including RNA phages and eukaryote‐infecting RNA viruses, are essential components of marine ecosystems. A large number of marine RNA viruses have been discovered in the last two decades because of the rapid development of next‐generation sequencing (NGS) technology. Indeed, the combination of NGS and state‐of‐the‐art meta‐omics methods (viromics, the study of all viruses in a specific environment) has led to a fundamental understanding of the taxonomy and genetic diversity of RNA viruses in the sea, suggesting the complex ecological roles played by RNA viruses in this complex ecosystem. Furthermore, comparisons of viromes in the context of highly variable marine niches reveal the biogeographic patterns and ecological impact of marine RNA viruses, whose role in global ecology is becoming increasingly clearer. In this review, we summarize the characteristics of the global marine RNA virosphere and outline the taxonomic hierarchy of RNA viruses with a specific focus on their ancient evolutionary history. We also review the development of methodology and the major progress resulting from its applications in RNA viromics. The aim of this review is not only to provide an in‐depth understanding of multifaceted aspects of marine RNA viruses, but to offer future perspectives on developing a better methodology for discovery, and exploring the evolutionary origin and major ecological significance of marine RNA virosphere.
Profiles of participation in school bullying: Association with student well‐being
Authors: Kim Isak , Lee Hye Yeon , Hong Jun Sung , Carney JoLynn V. , Hazler Richard J.
Published: October 2022

The purpose of this study was to examine the bullying participation profiles in relation to the demographic variables (sex, grade, and ethnicity), and to further investigate the associations between the profiles and student well‐being indicators. A final sample for analyses consisted of 725 elementary school children (fourth to sixth grades). Four latent profiles were identified through the latent profile analysis: bullying passive bystanding (8.00%), victimized active defending (8.41%), uninvolved passive bystanding (21.24%), and uninvolved active defending (62.35%). Significant group differences were found in key variables representing student well‐being, that is, school connectedness and life satisfaction, across the four latent profiles. Children in the uninvolved active defending were found to have the highest levels of student well‐being. Only sex had a significant association with the profiles of demographic variables, with boys more likely to belong to the bullying passive bystanding profile than girls. Implications and future research directions are discussed.
MiR‐199a‐5p promotes ferroptosis‐induced cardiomyocyte death responding to oxygen–glucose deprivation/reperfusion injury via inhibiting Akt/eNOSsignaling pathway
Authors: Zhang Guo‐Yong , Gao Ying , Guo Xin‐Ying , Wang Guo‐Hong , Guo Cai‐Xia
Published: October 2022

Myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury is associated with the poor outcome and higher mortality after myocardial infarction. Recent studies have revealed that miR‐199a‐5p participates in the process of myocardial I/R injury, but the precise roles and molecular mechanisms of miR‐199a‐5p in myocardial I/R injury remain not well‐studied. Ferroptosis has been proposed to promote cardiomyocyte death, closely associated with myocardial I/R injury. Herein, the present study aimed to explore the function and mechanisms by which miR‐199a‐5p regulates whether miR‐199a‐5p contributes to ferroptosis‐induced cardiomyocyte death responding to oxygen–glucose deprivation/reoxygenation (OGD/R) injury, an in vitro model of myocardial I/R injury focusing on Akt/eNOS signaling pathway. The results found that ferroptosis‐induced cardiomyocyte death occurs and is accompanied by an increase in miR‐199a‐5p level in OGD/R‐treated H9c2 cells. MiR‐199a‐5p inhibitor ameliorated ferroptosis‐induced cardiomyocyte death as evidenced by the increased cell viability, the reduced reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity, malondialdehyde (MDA) and Fe2+contents, and the up‐regulated glutathione (GSH)/glutathione disulphide (GSSG) ratio as well as glutathione peroxidase 4 (Gpx4) protein expression in H9c2 cells‐exposed to OGD/R, while miR‐199a‐5p mimic had the opposite effects. In addition, OGD/R led to the inhibition of Akt/eNOS signaling pathway, which was also blocked by miR‐199a‐5p inhibitor and aggravated by miR‐199a‐5p mimic. Furthermore, LY294002, an inhibitor of Akt/eNOS signaling pathway, abrogated miR‐199a‐5p inhibitor‐induced the reduction of ferroptosis‐induced cardiomyocyte death. In summary, our findings demonstrated that miR‐199a‐5p plays a central role in stimulating ferroptosis‐induced cardiomyocyte death during ischemic/hypoxic injury via inhibiting Akt/eNOS signaling pathway.
Cochlear Implants for Single‐Sided Deafness: Quality of Life, Daily Usage, and Duration of Deafness
Authors: Lindquist Nathan R. , Holder Jourdan T. , Patro Ankita , Cass Nathan D. , Tawfik Kareem O. , O'Malley Matthew R. , Bennett Marc L. , Haynes David S. , Gifford René H. , Perkins Elizabeth L.
Published: October 2022

Objective

To report our experience for adults undergoing cochlear implantation (CI) for single‐sided deafness (SSD).

Methods

This is a retrospective case series for adults with SSD who underwent CI between January 2013 and May 2021 at our institution. CNC and AzBio speech recognition scores, Tinnitus Handicap Inventory (THI), Speech, Spatial, and Qualities of Hearing Scale (SSQ12), datalogging, and the Cochlear Implant Quality of Life (CIQOL)‐10 Global measure were utilized.

Results

Sixty‐six adults underwent CI for SSD (median 51.3 years, range 20.0–74.3 years), and 57 (86.4%) remained device users at last follow‐up. Compared to pre‐operative performance, device users demonstrated significant improvement in speech recognition scores and achieved peak performance at six months post‐activation for CNC (8.0% increased to 45.6%, p < 0.0001) and AzBio in quiet (12.2% increased to 59.5%, p < 0.0001). THI was decreased at 6 months post‐implantation (58.1–14.6, p < 0.0001), with 77% of patients reporting improved or resolved tinnitus. Patients demonstrated improved SSQ12 scores as well as the disease‐specific CIQOL‐10 Global questionnaire. Duration of deafness was not associated with significant differences in speech recognition performance. Average daily wear time was positively associated with CNC and AzBio scores as well as post‐operative CIQOL‐10 scores.

Conclusions

Herein we present the largest cohort of adult CI recipients with SSD with data on speech recognition scores, tinnitus measures, and SSQ12. Novel insights regarding the correlation of datalogging, duration of deafness, and CI‐specific quality of life (CIQOL‐10) metrics are discussed. Data continue to support CI as an efficacious treatment option for SSD.

Level of Evidence

4 Laryngoscope, 133:2362–2370, 2023
Effect of socioeconomic status on wait times for patients undergoing treatment for laryngeal conditions in a universal healthcare system
Authors: de Champlain Katie , Sunba Saud , Beveridge Shari , Andreassen Meri , Bosch Doug , Randall Derrick R.
Published: October 2022

Objectives

As one of the world's only fully publicly administered, universal healthcare systems, Canada intends to provide equitable access to services for all patients. Socioeconomic status (SES) can affect treatment wait times with implications on health outcomes; however, this has not been evaluated in the setting of laryngeal disease, which incorporates urgent and elective conditions, in a universal healthcare system. This study aims to identify whether SES‐affected treatment wait times for laryngeal therapies in this system.

Methods

A retrospective review was conducted on a cohort of patients with laryngeal disease at an academic, tertiary center who underwent laryngeal surgery over a three‐year period. Data retrieved through medical records; surgical and voice therapy wait times were normalized to each practitioner's average wait time for respective diagnostic categories. Income was used to assess SES and was derived from Statistics Canada census information based on patient postal codes.

Results

Data analysis identified 578 patients (59% male). Mean wait time to surgery for all conditions was 123.5 (95% confidence interval 113.1–133.9) days. Analysis of variance analysis found no difference in wait times between different SES groups (p = .28), regardless of laryngeal disease category. Patients with cancer or airway obstruction had shorter wait times compared with benign conditions (p < .0001).

Conclusions

SES did not affect treatment wait times for laryngeal therapies in a universal healthcare system. Wait times were shorter for oncologic and obstructive conditions compared with benign conditions, reflecting an ability to accommodate clinical needs without impacting care access at the detriment of different SES statuses.

Level of Evidence

4
Analysis of deterministic and stochastic oscillatory regimes in nonlinear thermochemical kinetics
Authors: Bashkirtseva Irina , Ryashko Lev , Tsvetkov Ivan
Published: October 2022

In this paper, we analyze mechanisms of generation of complex oscillatory regimes in thermochemical reactors. In this study, a mathematical model of the continuous stirred tank reactor (CSTR) is used. Various scenarios of transitions between equilibrium and oscillatory regimes (quasiharmonic and spiking) are studied, and corresponding local and global bifurcations are discussed. It is shown how inevitably present weak noise in the temperature of CSTR can generate complex mixed‐mode oscillatory regimes in parameter ranges where the unforced initial deterministic model exhibits a stable equilibrium as an attractor. In the study of such noise‐induced excitement, direct numerical simulation and a new mathematical technique based on the stochastic sensitivity and confidence domain method are effectively used.
A Novel PolyHIPE‐like Catalyst for Esterification Reactions: on the Synthesis of Sulfonated Poly(styrene‐co‐n‐acylglycerol) and its Use for Efficient Conversion of Oleic Acid to Methyl Oleate
Authors: Jensen Alan Thyago , Gambetta Rossano , Machado Fabricio
Published: October 2022

The current work describes the synthesis of a new polyHIPE‐like sulfonated poly(styrene‐co‐n‐acylglycerol) and its use as an efficient heterogeneous catalyst to convert oleic acid into methyl oleate in esterification reactions. This new environmentally friendly polymer incorporates n‐acylglycerol macromonomer as a versatile strategy for glycerol valorization. Macroporous micrometric polymer particles are synthesized through suspension polymerization process without using porogenic agents. polyHIPE‐like copolymers formed with different feed compositions of styrene and n‐acylglycerol are chemically modified via sulfonation reactions to form a highly efficient catalyst for esterification of oleic acid to methyl oleate, exhibiting conversions lying in the interval from 52% to 96%, depending mainly on the amount of n‐acylglycerol macromonomer into the copolymer chains. The experimental results indicate the great potential of this new heterogeneous catalyst based on modified poly(styrene‐co‐n‐acylglycerol) to be successfully employed in esterification reactions of vegetable oils intended for the production of long chain alkyl esters of carboxylic acids, widely used as biofuels.
Time‐encoded pseudo‐continuous arterial spin labeling: Increasing SNR in ASL dynamic angiography
Authors: Woods Joseph G. , Schauman S. Sophie , Chiew Mark , Chappell Michael A. , Okell Thomas W.
Published: October 2022

Purpose

Dynamic angiography using arterial spin labeling (ASL) can provide detailed hemodynamic information. However, the long time‐resolved readouts require small flip angles to preserve ASL signal for later timepoints, limiting SNR. By using time‐encoded ASL to generate temporal information, the readout can be shortened. Here, the SNR improvements from using larger flip angles, made possible by the shorter readout, are quantitatively investigated.

Methods

The SNR of a conventional protocol with nine Look‐Locker readouts and a 4 3 time‐encoded protocol with three Look‐Locker readouts (giving nine matched timepoints) were compared using simulations and in vivo data. Both protocols were compared using readouts with constant flip angles (CFAs) and variable flip angles (VFAs), where the VFA scheme was designed to produce a consistent ASL signal across readouts. Optimization of the background suppression to minimize physiological noise across readouts was also explored.

Results

The time‐encoded protocol increased in vivo SNR by 103% and 96% when using CFAs or VFAs, respectively. Use of VFAs improved SNR compared with CFAs by 25% and 21% for the conventional and time‐encoded protocols, respectively. The VFA scheme also removed signal discontinuities in the time‐encoded data. Preliminary data suggest that optimizing the background suppression could improve in vivo SNR by a further 16%.

Conclusions

Time encoding can be used to generate additional temporal information in ASL angiography. This enables the use of larger flip angles, which can double the SNR compared with a non‐time‐encoded protocol. The shortened time‐encoded readout can also lead to improved background suppression, reducing physiological noise and further improving SNR.
Sublethal Effects of Acoustic Dummy Tag Implantation and External Tags in Silver Carp
Authors: Coulter Alison A. , Coulter David P. , Lark Ellen , Fritts Mark W. , Davis Cameron , Glover David , Goforth Reuben
Published: October 2022

Telemetry data collected via internally implanted transmitters are commonly used to monitor and manage invasive Silver Carp Hypophthalmichthys molitrix. However, the extent to which posttagging effects may influence fish behavior is generally overlooked in telemetry studies. Moreover, internal telemetry tags are often combined with an external tag that can also affect fish growth and survival. This study used two pond experiments to (1) evaluate the temporal effects of internal telemetry tags, external jaw tags, and the combination of the two tags on survival, relative weight, growth, and inflammation; and (2) compare the effects of two external tag types (jaw and loop tags) on Silver Carp. Response variables were evaluated at three time points: 1, 2, and 5 months posttagging. Growth and relative weight were lower in fish that received jaw tags than in the control group or in fish that received internal tags only; however, growth was different at 1 month posttagging but not at 2 months posttagging, indicating potential compensatory growth. Shedding rate of internal tags was 14%; after 5 months, inflammation was absent and tags were encapsulated in tissue. Survival was similar between loop- and jaw-tagged fish (73%), although growth was lower in jaw-tagged fish. Results indicate that survival effects and sublethal effects of telemetry tagging may be temporary, and researchers should examine detection data from within 1–2 months of tagging for possible postsurgery effects. Jaw tags reduced growth, and loop tags had reduced retention; therefore, further evaluation of alternative external tags is needed to optimize telemetry studies focused on Silver Carp. Additionally, researchers need to carefully evaluate which external tag to use to facilitate the returns of more expensive acoustic telemetry tags and whether external tags are necessary in a particular case.
Ligand fishing of monoamine oxidase B inhibitors from Platycodon grandiflorus (Jacq.) A.DC. roots by the enzyme functionalised magnetic nanoparticles
Authors: Yuan Hao , Bai Xiao‐Lin , Hu Yi‐Kao , Fan Wen‐Qin , Ayeni Emmanuel Ayodeji , Liao Xun
Published: October 2022

Introduction

As a famous traditional Chinese medicine, roots of Platycodon grandiflorus (Jacq.) A.DC. have shown multiple effects against neurodegenerative diseases. To investigate the components against Parkinson's disease (PD), the roots of P. grandiflora were selected as the research subject.

Objective

Screening and identifying of monoamine oxidase B (MAO‐B) inhibitors from the roots of P. grandiflorum via enzyme functionalised magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs)‐based ligand fishing combined with high‐performance liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (HPLC–MS) analysis.

Method

MAO‐B functionalised MNPs have been synthesised for screening MAO‐B inhibitors from the roots of P. grandiflorum. The ligands were identified by HPLC–MS and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) analysis, and their anti‐PD activity was evaluated via MAO‐B inhibition assay and cell viability assay in vitro.

Results

Two MAO‐B inhibitors were fished out and identified by HPLC–MS as protocatechuic aldehyde (1) and coumarin (2), with the half maximal inhibitory concentrations of 28.54 ± 0.39 and 25.39 ± 0.29 μM, respectively. Among them, 1 could also significantly increase the viability of 6‐hydroxydopamine‐damaged PC12 cells.

Conclusion

The results are helpful to elucidate the anti‐PD activity of the plant, and the ligand fishing method has shown good potential in discovery of MAO‐B inhibitors.