bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An Approach Based on Intuitionistic Fuzzy Sets for Considering Stakeholders’ Satisfaction, Dissatisfaction, and Hesitation in Software Features Prioritization
Authors: Gerogiannis Vassilis C. , Tzimos Dimitrios , Kakarontzas George , Tsoni Eftychia , Iatrellis Omiros , Son Le Hoang , Kanavos Andreas
Published: February 2024

This paper introduces a semi-automated approach for the prioritization of software features in medium- to large-sized software projects, considering stakeholders’ satisfaction and dissatisfaction as key criteria for the incorporation of candidate features. Our research acknowledges an inherent asymmetry in stakeholders’ evaluations, between the satisfaction from offering certain features and the dissatisfaction from not offering the same features. Even with systematic, ordinal scale-based prioritization techniques, involved stakeholders may exhibit hesitation and uncertainty in their assessments. Our approach aims to address these challenges by employing the Binary Search Tree prioritization method and leveraging the mathematical framework of Intuitionistic Fuzzy Sets to quantify the uncertainty of stakeholders when expressing assessments on the value of software features. Stakeholders’ rankings, considering satisfaction and dissatisfaction as features prioritization criteria, are mapped into Intuitionistic Fuzzy Numbers, and objective weights are automatically computed. Rankings associated with less hesitation are considered more valuable to determine the final features’ priorities than those rankings with more hesitation, reflecting lower indeterminacy or lack of knowledge from stakeholders. We validate our proposed approach with a case study, illustrating its application, and conduct a comparative analysis with existing software requirements prioritization methods.
Polynomial Tau-Functions of the n-th Sawada–Kotera Hierarchy
Authors: Kac Victor , van de Leur Johan
Published: February 2024

We give a review of the B-type Kadomtsev–Petviashvili (BKP) hierarchy and find all polynomial tau-functions of the n-th reduced BKP hierarchy (=n-th Sawada–Kotera hierarchy). The name comes from the fact that, for n=3, the simplest equation of the hierarchy is the famous Sawada–Kotera equation.
Feature Detection Based on Imaging and Genetic Data Using Multi-Kernel Support Vector Machine–Apriori Model
Authors: Hu Zhixi , Tang Congye , Liang Yingxia , Chang Senhao , Ni Xinyue , Xiao Shasha , Meng Xianglian , He Bing , Liu Wenjie
Published: February 2024

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a significant neurological disorder characterized by progressive cognitive decline and memory loss. One essential task is understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying brain disorders of AD. Detecting biomarkers that contribute significantly to the classification of AD is an effective means to accomplish this essential task. However, most machine learning methods used to detect AD biomarkers require lengthy training and are unable to rapidly and effectively detect AD biomarkers. To detect biomarkers for AD accurately and efficiently, we proposed a novel approach using the Multi-Kernel Support Vector Machine (SVM) with Apriori algorithm to mine strongly associated feature sets from functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and gene expression profiles. Firstly, we downloaded the imaging data and genetic data of 121 participants from the Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) and transformed gene sequences into labeled sequences by encoding the four types of bases (A, T, C, and G) into distinct labels. Subsequently, we extracted the first 130 temporal sequences of brain regions and employed Pearson correlation analysis to construct “brain region gene pairs”. The integration of these data allowed us to explore the correlations between genes and brain regions. To improve classification accuracy and feature selection, we applied the Apriori algorithm to the multi-kernel SVM, dynamically building feature combinations and continuously validating classification results. By iteratively generating frequent itemsets, we obtained important brain region gene pairs. Experimental results show the effectiveness of our proposed approach. The Multi-Kernel SVM with Apriori model achieves an accuracy of 92.9%, precision of 95%, and an F1 score of 95% in classifying brain region-gene pairs within the AD–Late mild cognitive impairment (AD-LMCI) group. The amygdala, BIN1, RPN2, and IL15 associated with AD have been identified and demonstrate potential in identifying potential pathogenic factors of AD. The selected brain regions and associated genes may serve as valuable biomarkers for early AD diagnosis and better understanding of the disease’s molecular mechanisms. The integration of fMRI and gene data using the Multi-Kernel SVM–Apriori model holds great potential for advancing our knowledge of brain function and the genetic basis of neurological disorders. This approach provides a valuable tool for neuroscientists and researchers in the field of genomics and brain imaging studies.
SARS-CoV-2 Seroprevalence in Children under 5 Years Old—A Regional Seroepidemiological Study
Authors: Trofin Felicia , Luncă Cătălina , Păduraru Diana , Anton-Păduraru Dana-Teodora , Buzilă Elena Roxana , Nastase Eduard Vasile , Lupu Ancuta , Lupu Vasile Valeriu , Dorneanu Olivia Simona
Published: February 2024

Background and Objectives: The aim of this research was to assess the spread of SARS-CoV-2 infection; the study was motivated by parental hesitancy regarding child vaccination, and the potential passive immunity of infants acquired through breastfeeding from mothers vaccinated against COVID-19 or infected with SARS-CoV-2. Materials and Methods: We quantified the anti-SARS-CoV-2 immunoglobulin G (IgG) titer in the serum of 743 children under 5 years old, hospitalized between 1 August 2022, and 15 September 2023. Results: Among the participants, 52.76% had an anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG titer that exceeded the reactivity threshold of the kit used, with an average of 1558.01 U/mL across the entire group. By age-specific categories, SARS-CoV-2 antibody prevalence was 43.04% for 0–12 months, 42.22% for 12–24 months, 61.67% for 24–36 months, 65.17% for 36–48 months, and 68.55% for 48–59 months. Gender analysis revealed 55.32% male participants, with a 52.07% seropositivity rate. Notably, IgG titer correlated positively with the child’s age. Gender, admission diagnosis, and emergency department presentation were not variation factors of the IgG titer. Conclusions: The majority of children in the study group demonstrated IgG against SARS-CoV-2, and this rate increased with the child’s age. Also, the IgG titer increased with the child’s age.
Influence of Education, Cognition, and Physical Disability on Quality of Life of Romanian Patients with Multiple Sclerosis—A Cohort Study
Authors: Ciubotaru Alin , Ignat Emilian Bogdan , Alexa Daniel , Grosu Cristina , Păvăleanu Ioana , Manole Alina , Maștaleru Alexandra , Leon Maria Magdalena , Matei Daniela Viorelia , Azoicăi Doina
Published: February 2024

Background and Objectives: objective measures of disability and neurological impairmentare used to search for disease activity and monitor disease evolution in multiple sclerosis (MS). These are sometimes in disagreement with subjective quality-of-life measures. We aimed to establish the relations between the Multiple Sclerosis Quality of Life instrument (MSQOL-54) and objective measures of neurological impairment. Materials and Methods: 107 patients with MS were evaluated with the Single Digit Modalities Test (SDMT) for cognition, Nine Holes Peg Test (9HPT) for upper limb function, 25 Feet Walk Test (25FWT) for gait, and EDSS for global disability in a cohort study. Age and education level were recorded as sociodemographic factors. Results: the median EDSS was 3.5 (IQR 2.5); average SDMT score was 30.38 ± 13.54; and 9HPT speed was significantly higher for the dominant upper limb (0.3 ± 0.1 pegs/s versus 0.28 ± 0.11 pegs/s) (p = 0.016). The mental health composite score of the MSQOL-54 correlated with the SDMT, education level, and EDSS. Education level correlated with cognition and quality of life. The physical health composite score of the MSQOL-54 correlated with motor-function parameters and with SDMT. The motor-function parameters correlated well among themselves. A linear regression model found an important influence of SDMT and education level on the mental health composite score of the MSQOL-54. Although the linear regression model predicting the physical health composite score from physical disability parameters was statistically sound, none of the determinants had a significant individual influence. Conclusions: the subscores of the MSQOL-54 correlated well with the objective parameters. The strongest correlations were those with the cognitive function. Correlations with physical disability were less powerful, probably reflecting their indirect and more limited influence on quality of life compared to cognition and perception of disability.
Severe Asthma or Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease with Eosinophilic Inflammation? From Uncertainty to Remission under Anti IL-5R Therapy
Authors: Oprescu Bianca , Raduna Oana , Mihaicuta Stefan , Frent Stefan
Published: February 2024

Background and Objectives: Severe adult-onset eosinophilic asthma and COPD with eosinophilic inflammation are two entities with a similar clinical course and are sometimes difficult to differentiate in clinical practice, especially in patients with a history of smoking. Anti-IL-5 or -IL-5R biological therapy has been shown to be highly effective in severe eosinophilic asthma but has not demonstrated significant benefit in patients with COPD with the eosinophilic phenotype. Our aim was to illustrate this issue in the form of a case report. Materials and Methods: We present the case of a 67-year-old patient who is a former smoker with late-onset severe uncontrolled asthma (ACT score < 15) who experienced frequent exacerbations requiring treatment with systemic corticosteroids. The patient’s lung function gradually worsened to a nadir FEV1 = 18%, despite a high dose of ICS in combination with a LABA and intermittent courses of OCS, with negative allergic skin-tests, but with high blood eosinophils level. Biological treatment with an anti-IL5R monoclonal antibody (benralizumab) was initiated, despite the difficulty in the differential diagnosis between asthma and COPD with eosinophilic inflammation. Results: The patient’s evolution was favorable; clinical remission was effectively achieved with significant improvement in lung function (FEV1 > 100%), but with persistence of residual mild fixed airway obstructive dysfunction (FEV1/FVC < 0.7). The therapeutic response has been maintained to date. Conclusions: Benralizumab was shown to be very effective in a patient with late-onset severe eosinophilic asthma presenting features of chronic obstructive disease—habitual exposure to tobacco and inhaled noxious substances, and persistent airflow limitation on spirometry.
Current Status, Challenges, and Future Directions in Cardiac Rehabilitation
Authors: Epelde Francisco
Published: February 2024

Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) continue to pose a significant global health challenge, representing a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide [...]
Hydrogen Flux Inhibition of Pd-Ru Membranes under Exposure to NH3
Authors: Chen Lingsu , Li Shuai , Yin Zhaohui , Yang Zhanbing , Chen Zihui , Han Li , Yu Qinghe , Du Miao
Published: February 2024

The hydrogen flux inhibition of Pd-Ru membranes under exposure to 1–10% NH3 at 673–773 K was investigated. The Pd-Ru membranes were characterized by XRD, SEM, XPS, and hydrogen permeation tests. The results show that when exposed to 1–10% NH3 at 723 K for 6 h, the hydrogen flux of Pd-Ru membranes sharply decreases by 15–33%, and the decline in hydrogen flux becomes more significant with increasing temperatures. After the removal of 1–10% NH3, 100% recovery of hydrogen flux is observed. XPS results show that nitrogenous species appear on the membrane surface after NH3 exposure, and the hydrogen flux inhibition may be related to the competitive adsorption of nitrogenous species. By comparing the hydrogen flux of Pd-Ru membranes exposed to 10% NH3 with 10% N2, it is indicated that the rapid decrease in hydrogen flux is due to the concentration polarization and competitive adsorption of nitrogenous species. The competitive adsorption effect is attenuated, while the concentration polarization effect becomes more pronounced with increasing temperature.
Fatigue Reliability Assessment for Orthotropic Steel Decks: Considering Multicrack Coupling Effects
Authors: Liu Jing , Liu Yang , Wang Guodong , Lu Naiwei , Cui Jian , Wang Honghao
Published: February 2024

Multiple fatigue cracks are generally present in practical engineering due to the existence of welding; the size and number of cracks of orthotropic steel bridge decks are greatly uncertain. The component failure conditions caused by these cracks may have correlations. Currently, it is still a challenging issue to develop a physical model of multiple fatigue crack propagation in bridge decks and perform a fatigue reliability assessment, which is also the motivation that drives the innovation of this study. A fatigue reliability evaluation method is presented for orthotropic steel bridge decks, considering the coupling effect of multiple cracks and the randomness of vehicle loading. A numerical simulation method for multifatigue crack growth is developed by combining the ABAQUS and FRANC3D programs. The equivalent crack depth under different spacing and depths of collinear cracks is calculated by using numerical simulation and the multicrack equivalent characterization method. The critical damage accumulation function of multiple fatigue cracks is established using linear elastic fracture mechanics. Subsequently, the critical damage accumulation function of multiple fatigue cracks is established based on linear elastic fracture mechanics. In order to solve the time-consuming problem of traditional Monte Carlo method, the iHL-RF method and AK-MCS method are developed for fatigue reliability analysis. The results show that compared with the single-crack model, the fatigue reliability of orthotropic steel deck will be crucially reduced considering the coupling effect of double cracks. The MCS, iHL-RF and AK-MCS methods can effectively solve the fatigue reliability analysis problem. Compared with the MCS method, the reliability calculation time based on AK-MCS method is significantly reduced. The AK-MCS method-based method reduces the time for calculating the reliability of orthotropic steel decks by 50% compared with the iHL-RF method. The reliability analysis of orthotropic steel deck bridge based on AK-MCS method is proved to be efficient and accurate.
Effect of MgO Contents on the Microstructure, Mechanical Properties and Corrosion Behavior of Low-Alloyed Mg-Zn-Ca Alloy
Authors: Zhao Qian , Lyu Shaoyuan , Zhang Guopeng , Chen Minfang
Published: February 2024

The effects of different MgO contents (0.3 wt.%, 0.5 wt.%, 0.7 wt.% and 1.0 wt.%) on the microstructure and properties of Mg-1Zn-0.5Ca alloy (ZX) were systematically investigated to promote the clinical application of Mg alloys. The results showed that a MgO addition promoted the precipitates of Ca2Mg6Zn3 and Mg2Ca after hot extrusion. Meanwhile, the average grain size of the ZX alloy decreased abruptly from 17.73 μm to 5.54 μm after the addition of 0.3 wt.% MgO and then reduced slowly as further increasing the MgO contents to 1.0 wt.%. The microhardness and yield strength (YS) increased gradually from 59.43 HV and 102.0 MPa in ZX to 69.81 HV and 209.5 MPa in ZX1.0, respectively. However, the elongation to failure (EL) decreased from 26.7% in ZX to 21.2% in ZX1.0 due to the increase of volume fraction of the second phase and decrease of grain size as increasing the MgO. The corrosion result showed that ZX alloy exhibited local corrosion while ZX composites (ZX0.3, ZX0.5 and ZX0.7) displayed relatively uniform corrosion owing to the fine grain size, dispersed fine second and the protective effect of corrosion product after MgO hydrolyzation. However, excessive MgO (ZX1.0) easily caused the aggregation of itself and the precipitates and deteriorated the corrosion resistance of the material.
Effects of Different Feed Additives on Intestinal Metabolite Composition of Weaned Piglets
Authors: Zhao Mingxuan , Zhang Jian , Liu Fuzhou , Luo Lv , Wei Mingbang , Ye Yourong , Yangzom Chamba , Shang Peng
Published: February 2024

To study the effects of different feed additives on the weaning stress of Tibetan piglets, we selected 28 healthy, 30-day-old Tibetan weaned piglets and divided them into four groups, namely, the control group (basal feed without any antibiotic additions) (Nor), the group with the addition of the antibiotic lincomycin (Ant), the group with the addition of fifteen-flavor black pills of Tibetan medicine (Tib), and the group with the addition of fecal bacterial supernatant (Fec). We measured growth performance, blood physiological indexes, and metabolomics. The results showed that the Ant, Tib, and Fec groups significantly reduced the ratio of diarrhea to feed/weight (F/G) and increased the average daily gain (ADG) compared with the Nor group (p < 0.01). The Nor group had significantly lower leukocyte counts, hemoglobin levels, and erythrocyte counts compared with the other three groups at 21 d (p < 0.05). These physiological indexes tended to stabilize at 42 d. We found that there were beneficial metabolites and metabolic pathways for gastrointestinal function. Specifically, the porphyrin metabolic pathway was elevated in the Ant group, and the tryptophan metabolic pathway was significantly elevated in the Tib and Fec groups compared with the Nor group (p < 0.05). In conclusion, adding fecal bacterial supernatant and fifteen-flavor black pills of Tibetan medicine to the feed reduced the rate of diarrhea and improved the growth performance of the piglets. Moreover, it had an effect on the microorganisms and their metabolites and pathways in the gastrointestinal tract of the animals, which might be the main reason for influencing the diarrhea rate of weaned Tibetan piglets and the growth and development of the piglets. This study provides a new approach for anti-stress applications in weaned Tibetan piglets and the development of substitute anti-products.
Aptasensor Integrated with Two-Dimensional Nanomaterial for Selective and Sensitive Electrochemical Detection of Ketamine Drug
Authors: Suleman Shariq , Anzar Nigar , Patil Shikha , Shadan  , Parvez Suhel , Khanuja Manika , Pilloton Roberto , Narang Jagriti
Published: February 2024

Ketamine is one of the most commonly abused drugs globally, posing a severe risk to social stability and human health, not only it is being used for recreational purposes, but this tasteless, odourless, and colourless drug also facilitates sexual assaults when it is mixed with drinks. Ketamine abuse is a threat for safety, and this misuse is one of the main uses of the drug. The crucial role of ketamine detection is evident in its contributions to forensic investigations, law enforcement, drug control, workplace integrity, and public health. Electrochemical sensors have gained considerable interest among researchers due to their various advantages, such as low cost and specificity, and particularly screen-printed paper-based electrode (SPBE) biosensors have gained attention. Here, we reported an ePAD (electrochemical paper-based analytical device) for detecting the recreational drug ketamine. The advantages of using a paper-based electrode are that it reduces the electrode’s production costs and is disposable and environmentally friendly. At the same time, nanographite sheets (NGSs) assisted in amplifying the signals generated in the cyclic voltammetry system when ketamine was present. This ePAD was developed by immobilizing a ketamine aptamer on NGS electrodes. The characterization of proper synthesized NGSs was performed by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), XRD (X-ray Diffraction), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and UV-Vis spectroscopy. Electrochemical techniques, including cyclic voltammetry (CV) and linear sweep voltammetry (LSV), were employed to validate the results and confirm each attachment. Furthermore, the versatility of the proposed sensor was explored in both alcoholic and non-alcoholic beverages. The developed sensor showed a low LOD of about 0.01 μg/mL, and the linear range was between 0.01 and 5 μg/mL. This approach offers a valid diagnostic technique for onsite service with minimal resources. This cost effective and portable platform offers desirable characteristics like sensitivity and selectivity and can also be used for POC (point of care) testing to help in the quick identification of suspicious samples and for testing at trafficking sites, amusement parks, and by the side of the road.
Doping-Less Feedback Field-Effect Transistors
Authors: Kim Hakin , Lim Doohyeok
Published: February 2024

In this study, we propose doping-less feedback field-effect transistors (DLFBFETs). Our DLFBFETs are 5 nm thick intrinsic semiconductor bodies with dual gates. Usually, DLFBFETs are virtually doped through charge plasma phenomena caused by the source, the drain, and the dual-gate electrodes as well as the gate biases. Our DLFBFETs can be fabricated through a simple process of creating contact between a metal and a silicon body without any doping processes. The voltages applied to both gates determine whether the DLFBFETs operate in diode or feedback field-effect transistor (FBFET) modes. In the FBFET mode, our DLFBFETs show good characteristics such as an on/off current ratio of ~104 and steep switching characteristics (~1 mV/decade of current) that result from positive feedback phenomena without dopants.
The Effects of Etchant on via Hole Taper Angle and Selectivity in Selective Laser Etching
Authors: Kim Jonghyeok , Kim Byungjoo , Choi Jiyeon , Ahn Sanghoon
Published: February 2024

This research focuses on the manufacturing of a glass interposer that has gone through glass via (TGV) connection holes. Glass has unique properties that make it suitable for 3D integrated circuit (IC) interposers, which include low permittivity, high transparency, and adjustable thermal expansion coefficient. To date, various studies have suggested numerous techniques to generate holes in glass. In this study, we adopt the selective laser etching (SLE) technique. SLE consists of two processes: local modification via an ultrashort pulsed laser and chemical etching. In our previous study, we found that the process speed can be enhanced by changing the local modification method. For further enhancement in the process speed, in this study, we focus on the chemical etching process. In particular, we try to find a proper etchant for TGV formation. Here, four different etchants (HF, KOH, NaOH, and NH4F) are compared in order to improve the etching speed. For a quantitative comparison, we adopt the concept of selectivity. The results show that NH4F has the highest selectivity; therefore, we can tentatively claim that it is a promising candidate etchant for generating TGV. In addition, we also observe a taper angle variation according to the etchant used. The results show that the taper angle of the hole is dependent on the concentration of the etchant as well as the etchant itself. These results may be applicable to various industrial fields that aim to adjust the taper angle of holes.
Beam Steering Technology of Optical Phased Array Based on Silicon Photonic Integrated Chip
Authors: Wang Jinyu , Song Ruogu , Li Xinyu , Yue Wencheng , Cai Yan , Wang Shuxiao , Yu Mingbin
Published: February 2024

Light detection and ranging (LiDAR) is widely used in scenarios such as autonomous driving, imaging, remote sensing surveying, and space communication due to its advantages of high ranging accuracy and large scanning angle. Optical phased array (OPA) has been studied as an important solution for achieving all-solid-state scanning. In this work, the recent research progress in improving the beam steering performance of the OPA based on silicon photonic integrated chips was reviewed. An optimization scheme for aperiodic OPA is proposed.
Analysis and Verification of Heat Dissipation Structures Embedded in Substrates in Power Chips Based on Square Frustums Thermal through Silicon Vias
Authors: Guo Fengjie , Ma Kui , Ran Jingyang , Yang Fashun
Published: February 2024

A novel heat dissipation structure composed of square frustums thermal through silicon via array and embedded in P-type (100) silicon substrate is proposed to improve the heat dissipation capacity of power chips while reducing process difficulty. Based on theoretical analysis, the heat transfer model and thermo-electric coupling reliability model of a power chip with the proposed heat dissipation structure are established. A comparative study of simulation indicates that the proposed heat dissipation structure, which can avoid problems such as softness, poor rigidity, fragility and easy fracture caused by thinning chips has better heat dissipation capability than thinning the substrate of power chips.
A Novel Temperature Drift Error Estimation Model for Capacitive MEMS Gyros Using Thermal Stress Deformation Analysis
Authors: Qi Bing , Cheng Jianhua , Wang Zili , Jiang Chao , Jia Chun
Published: February 2024

Because the conventional Temperature Drift Error (TDE) estimation model for Capacitive MEMS Gyros (CMGs) has inadequate Temperature Correlated Quantities (TCQs) and inaccurate parameter identification to improve their bias stability, its novel model based on thermal stress deformation analysis is presented. Firstly, the TDE of the CMG is traced precisely by analyzing its structural deformation under thermal stress, and more key decisive TCQs are explored, including ambient temperature variation ∆T and its square ∆T2, as well its square root ∆T1/2; then, a novel TDE estimation model is established. Secondly, a Radial Basis Function Neural Network (RBFNN) is applied to identify its parameter accurately, which eliminates local optimums of the conventional model based on a Back-Propagation Neural Network (BPNN) to improve bias stability. By analyzing heat conduction between CMGs and the thermal chamber with heat flux analysis, proper temperature control intervals and reasonable temperature control periods are obtained to form a TDE precise test method to avoid time-consuming and expensive experiments. The novel model is implemented with an adequate TCQ and RBFNN, and the Mean Square Deviation (MSD) is introduced to evaluate its performance. Finally, the conventional model and novel model are compared with bias stability. Compared with the conventional model, the novel one improves CMG’s bias stability by 15% evenly. It estimates TDE more precisely to decouple Si-based materials’ temperature dependence effectively, and CMG’s environmental adaptability is enhanced to widen its application under complex conditions.
Optimization of the Conditions for the Transformation of a Bacillus subtilis Strain L11 to Prepare Nano Selenium and Its Preliminary Application in Sheep Feed
Authors: Guo Wenxin , Shi Xinyu , Wang Lu , Cong Xin , Cheng Shuiyuan , Li Linling , Cheng Hua
Published: February 2024

Selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) have greater bioavailability and safety than inorganic selenium, and was widely used in medical, agricultural, nutritional supplements, and antibacterial fields. The present study screened a strain L11 producing SeNPs from a selenium rich dairy cow breeding base in Hubei Province, China. The strain was identified as Bacillus subtilis through physiological, biochemical, and molecular biology analysis. By adjusting the cultivation conditions, the experiment determined the ideal parameters for L11 to efficiently produce SeNPs. These parameters include a pH value of 6, a cultivation temperature of 37 °C, a concentration of 4 mmol/L Na2SeO3, and a cultivation of 48 h. X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS), Scanning Electron Microscope-Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (SEM-EDS), and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) were used to verify that the Se particles produced by L11 are SeNPs with diameters ranging from 50 to 200 nm. The combination of the protein analysis of different cell components and TEM analysis showed that L11 mainly produces SeNPs through the transformation of the cell’s periplasmic space, cell membrane, and cell wall. Adding the L11 SeNPs complex to sheep feed can significantly enhance the antioxidant activity and immunity of sheep, and increase the Se content in the neck muscles, liver, and spleen tissues.
Female Genital Schistosomiasis: A Neglected among the Neglected Tropical Diseases
Authors: Rossi Benedetta , Previtali Letizia , Salvi Martina , Gerami Roberta , Tomasoni Lina Rachele , Quiros-Roldan Eugenia
Published: February 2024

Schistosomiasis is a neglected parasitic disease linked to water, posing a global public health concern with a significant burden in sub-Saharan Africa. It is transmitted by Schistosoma spp., causing both acute and chronic effects affecting the urogenital or the hepato-intestinal system. Through granuloma formation, chronic schistosomiasis weakens host immunity, heightening susceptibility to coinfections. Notably, female genital schistosomiasis (FGS), a disregarded gynecological condition, adversely affects girls’ and women’s reproductive health and increases vulnerability to HIV. This review explores the intricate interplay between schistosomiasis and HIV, considering their geographical overlap. We delve into the clinical features of this coinfection, underlying mutual influences on transmission, diagnostic challenges, and therapeutic approaches. Understanding the dynamics of FGS and HIV coinfection is pivotal for integrated healthcare strategies in regions with co-endemicity, aiming to mitigate the impact of the two infections on vulnerable populations.
Epidemiology of Viral Hepatitis in the Indigenous Populations of the Arctic Zone of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia)
Authors: Kichatova Vera S. , Lopatukhina Maria A. , Potemkin Ilya A. , Asadi Mobarkhan Fedor A. , Isaeva Olga V. , Chanyshev Mikhail D. , Glushenko Albina G. , Khafizov Kamil F. , Rumyantseva Tatyana D. , Semenov Sergey I. , Kyuregyan Karen K. , Akimkin Vasiliy G. , Mikhailov Mikhail I.
Published: February 2024

The indigenous populations of the Arctic regions of Russia experience the lowest coverage of health-related services. We assessed the prevalence of hepatitis A, B, C, D and E viruses (HAV, HBV, HCV, HDV and HEV) among 367 healthy adult Native people of the Arctic zone of Yakutia. The HAV seroprevalence was above and increased with age. The anti-HEV IgM and IgG antibody detection rates were 4.1% and 2.5%, respectively. The average HBsAg detection rate was 4.6%, with no positive cases identified in participants aged under 30 years, confirming the effectiveness of the newborn vaccination program that began in 1998. Anti-HDV antibodies were detected in 29.4% of HBsAg-positive cases. The anti-HCV and HCV RNA detection rates peaked in the age cohort of 50–59 years (10.8% and 3.9%). No statistically significant gender differences in the prevalence of different viral hepatitis were observed. The time-scaled phylogenetic analysis demonstrated that all HBV genotype A and D strains isolated in this study were autochthonous and had an estimated most common recent ancestor (MCRA) age of around the 11th to 14th century. Unlike HBV, the HCV strains of subtypes 1b, 2a and 2k/1b were introduced from other regions of Russia in the 1980s and 1990s. The HCV 1b sequence analysis revealed a series of transmission events. In conclusion, these data emphasize the urgent need for expanded viral hepatitis screening and care programs in the indigenous populations of the Arctic zone of Yakutia.
Repositioning of the Antihyperlipidemic Drug Fenofibrate for the Management of Aeromonas Infections
Authors: Guerra Roberto M. , Figueras Maria José , Pujol-Bajador Isabel , Fernández-Bravo Ana
Published: February 2024

Fenofibrate is a fibric acid derivative used as an antihyperlipidemic drug in humans. Its active metabolite, fenofibric acid, acts as an agonist to the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPAR-α), a transcription factor involved in different metabolic pathways. Some studies have reported the potential protective role of this drug in cell lines and in vivo models against bacterial and viral infections. The aim of this study was to assess the in vitro effect of fenofibrate in the macrophage cell line J744A.1 against infections produced by Aeromonas, a pathogen for humans whose resistance to antibiotics has increased in recent decades. Macrophages were infected at MOI 10 with four strains of Aeromonas caviae and Aeromonas hydrophila isolated from human clinical samples and subsequently treated with fenofibrate. It was observed that fenofibrate-treated macrophages showed lower levels of cytotoxicity and intracellular bacteria compared to non-treated macrophages. In addition, the viability of treated macrophages was dependent on the dose of fenofibrate used. Furthermore, transcriptional analysis by RT-qPCR revealed significant differences in the expression of the PPAR-α gene and immune-related genes TNF-α, CCL3, and BAX in fenofibrate-treated macrophages compared to the macrophages without treatment. This study provides evidence that fenofibrate offered some protection in vitro in macrophages against Aeromonas infection. However, further studies are needed with other bacteria to determine its potential antibacterial effect and the route by which this protection is achieved.
Study of the Critical Safe Height of Goaf in Underground Metal Mines
Authors: Zhang Qinli , Zhang Peng , Chen Qiusong , Li Hongpeng , Song Zian , Tao Yunbo
Published: February 2024

The empty-space subsequent filling mining method is the main mining scheme for underground metal mines to achieve large-scale mechanized mining. The stage height, one of the main parameters of this method, affects the various production process aspects of the mine and influences the stability of the goaf. In order to determine the stage height scientifically and rationally in the empty-space subsequent filling mining method, a formula for the stabilized critical safe height of a high goaf in an underground metal mine was derived based on Pu’s arch equilibrium theory, Bieniawski’s pillar strength limit theory, and the Kastner equation and combined with the results of an orthogonal analysis to rank the importance of the main factors in the formula. A copper mine in Jiangxi Province was used as a case study, with the reliability of the formula verified by numerical simulation and industrial testing. The factors in the formula influencing the critical stabilized safe height of the goaf were, in descending order, the compressive strength of the rock body, the width of the two-step mining pillar, the width of the one-step mining room, the mining height, and the depth of mining. Based on the calculation results, the recommended stage heights are 30 m (−378 m middle section) and 25 m (−478 m middle section) in the area of poor rock body stability and 50 m in the area of better rock body stability. The simulation results show that the goaf is significantly affected by the compressive stress under the condition of a certain rock body stability and that the compressive stress increases with increasing goaf height. The minimum recommended values of the sidewall safety coefficients in areas of poor and better rock stability are 1.04 and 1.06, respectively. The volume deviation coefficients of the three industrial test mines were all controlled within 3%, indicating that no obvious collapse and destabilization phenomenon occurred in the goaf. This paper provides some theoretical and applied guidance for the stage height design of similar underground metal mines using the empty-space subsequent filling mining method.
Mineral and S-Isotope Compositions of Cu-Sulfide Deposits in Southern Siberia (Kodar–Udokan Region), Russia
Authors: Gongalsky Bronislav , Velivetskaya Tatyana , Taskaev Vladimir
Published: February 2024

The Kodaro–Udokan region is a huge Cu metallogenic province in Southern Siberia, one of the largest on Earth. It contains world-class copper sandstone-hosted Udokan (Cu reserves of 26.7 Mt) and PGE-Ni-Cu Chineysky deposits related to gabbro–anorthosite pluton (Cu—10 Mt; Fe-Ti-V, 30 Gt of ore). Furthermore, there are many small deposits of sulfide ores in sedimentary and igneous rocks in this region as well. For many decades, their genesis has been hotly debated. We studied the mineral composition and the sulfur isotopes in several deposits located at different levels of the stratigraphic sequence and in gabbro intruded in sandstones of the Udokan complex. The differences in ore compositions were found. The Burpala and Skvoznoy deposits consisting of the chalcocite–bornite association are characterized only by negative δ34S. The δ34S values for the Udokan deposits are mostly <0 (up to −28‰). The positive δ34S data characterize the ores of the Chineysky and Luktursky intrusions. Two Cu sandstone-hosted deposits are characterized by complex ore composition, i.e., the Krasny deposit, comprising chalcopyrite–pyrrhotite ores, is enriched in Co, Ni, Bi, Sb, Mo, Pb, Zn, Se, Te, and U and has a wide range of δ34S = −8.1–+13.5‰, and the Pravoingamakitsky deposit (Basaltovy section), consisting of quartz–chalcopyrite veins, has high PGE contents in ores with δ34S = +2.9–+4.0‰. These deposits are located near the gabbro massifs, and it is supposed that their ore compositions were influenced by magmatic fluids. The general regularities of the localization of the deposits in rift zones, and the proximity of mineral and isotopic composition allow us to conclude that the main source of copper could be rocks of basic composition because only they contain high Cu contents. Fluids from deep zones could penetrate to the surface and form Cu sandstone-hosted deposits.
Study on Prediction of Zinc Grade by Transformer Model with De-Stationary Mechanism
Authors: Peng Cheng , Luo Liang , Luo Hao , Tang Zhaohui
Published: February 2024

At present, in the mineral flotation process, flotation data are easily influenced by various factors, resulting in non-stationary time series data, which lead to overfitting of prediction models, ultimately severely affecting the accuracy of grade prediction. Thus, this study proposes a de-stationary attention mechanism based on the transformer model (DST) to learn non-stationary information in raw mineral data sequences. First, normalization processing is performed on matched flotation data and mineral grade values, to make the data sequences stationary, thereby enhancing model prediction capabilities. Then, the proposed de-stationary attention mechanism is employed to learn the temporal dependencies of mineral flotation data in the transformed vanilla transformer model, i.e., non-stationary information in the mineral data sequences. Lastly, de-normalization processing is conducted to maintain the mineral prediction results within the same scale as the original data. Compared with existing models such as RNN, LSTM, transformer, Enc-Dec (RNN), and STS-D, the DST model reduced the RMSE by 20.8%, 20.8%, 62.8%, 20.5%, and 49.1%, respectively.
Measuring the In Situ Density and Moisture Content of Filtered Tailings Using an Electrical Density Gauge
Authors: Liang Yawu , Beier Nicholas , Bieber Justin , Owusu Prempeh
Published: February 2024

Due to the logistical challenges associated with using nuclear densitometers at remote sites, the industry is seeking an alternative method to determine the in situ density and moisture content during the construction of filtered tailings facilities. This study aims to investigate the impact of salinity on soil electrical properties and evaluate the feasibility of using an electrical density gauge (EDG) to measure the in situ density and moisture content of saline filtered tailings. The results indicate a dependence of electrical measurements on salinity. To develop procedures for soil calibration models of filtered tailings, standard Proctor tests were first conducted using Devon silt. These procedures were then applied to the filtered tailings to establish correlations between electrical properties (dielectric constant, impedance, capacitance-to-resistance ratio) and physical properties (density and moisture content) at varying salinities. It is suggested to build the soil calibration model using an EDG within a water content range of 10% to 18%. Furthermore, the effectiveness of the developed calibration models has been validated, demonstrating the applicability of the EDG instrument for filtered tailings in a saline environment. However, applying the salinity correction is crucial when the sample has a considerably different salinity than the calibration model.
Determining the Metabolic Processes of Metal-Tolerant Fungi Isolated from Mine Tailings for Bioleaching
Authors: Nkuna Rosina , Matambo Tonderayi
Published: February 2024

This study examined the metal tolerance and organic acid-producing capabilities of fungal isolates from South African tailings to assess their potential for future bioleaching applications. Four isolates were chosen for additional examination based on their capacity to generate organic acids and tolerance to metals. In terms of tolerance to Al, Zn, Ni, and Cr, these four isolates—Trichoderma, Talaromyces, Penicillium_3, and Penicillium_6—displayed varying degrees of resistance, with Trichoderma displaying a better metal tolerance index. The growth rates under metal stress varied among the isolates, with Trichoderma displaying the highest growth rates. In high-performance liquid chromatography results, citric acid emerged as the primary organic acid produced by the four isolates, with Trichoderma achieving the highest yield in the shortest timeframe. Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry results showed that the citric acid cycle is one of the main pathways for organic acid production, though other pathways related to lipid biosynthesis and carbohydrate metabolism also play significant roles. Three compounds involved in furfural breakdown were abundant. Using KEGG, a link between these compounds and the citric acid cycle was established, where their breakdown generates an intermediate of the citric acid cycle.
Interactions of Acetylene-Derived Thioester Collectors with Gold Surfaces: A First-Principles Study
Authors: Qiu Xianyang , Qi Yuechao , Wei Dezhou , Zhang Faming , Wang Chenghang
Published: February 2024

The high reactivity of the acetylene group enables the formation of strong chemical bonds with active sites on mineral surfaces, thereby improving the flotation performance of gold minerals. This study utilized density functional theory (DFT) to analyze the quantum chemical parameters of structure, Mulliken population, and the frontier orbitals of a thioester collector containing an acetylene group, PDEC (prop-2-yn-1-yl diethylcarbamodithioate). PDEC was compared with analogous thioester collectors Z-200 and Al-DECDT. The interaction mechanism of PDEC on the Au(1 1 1) surface was simulated, followed by empirical validation through adsorption experiments. The findings indicate that the S atom of PDEC in the carbon–sulfur group exhibits shorter covalent bond lengths, and has reduced carbon–sulfur double bonds and Mulliken population, resulting in enhanced electron localization. This confers greater selectivity to PDEC during its adsorption on mineral surfaces. Frontier orbital analysis shows that the electrons of the acetylene group possess a notable electron-accepting capacity, significantly influencing the frontier orbital energy of PDEC and playing a pivotal role in the bonding interaction with mineral surfaces. Both the S atom in the carbon–sulfur group and its acetylene group establish stable adsorption structures with the A(111) surface in a single coordination mode. The adsorption energy sequence is PDEC > Al-DECDT > Z-200. Partial density of states demonstrates that the S 3p orbit of the carbon–sulfur group hybridizes with the Au 5d orbit, while the C 2p orbit of the acetylene group engages in weaker back-donation bonding with the Au 5d orbit. This is corroborated by the electron density difference and post-adsorption Mulliken population analyses, revealing that the S atom of the carbon–sulfur group in PDEC donates electrons to the Au atom, forming dominant positive coordination bonds, whereas the acetylene group accepts partial electrons from the Au atom, resulting in weaker back-donation bonds. The adsorption experiments align with the DFT adsorption energy results.
The Impact of N/O-Functional Groups on the Sorption Capabilities of Activated Carbons Derived from Furfuryl Alcohol
Authors: Kałamaga Agnieszka , Wróbel Rafał J.
Published: February 2024

This work describes the effect of nitrogen and oxygen functional groups on the sorption properties of activated carbons produced from furfuryl alcohol. The poly(furfuryl) alcohol underwent carbonization in nitrogen, ammonia, and ammonia and air (in a 3:2 proportion) atmospheres at 600 °C for 4 h. The resulting materials were subsequently activated in a carbon dioxide atmosphere for 1 h at temperatures of 700 °C, 800 °C, 900 °C, and 1000 °C. The X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) findings suggest that ammoxidation is superior to amination in terms of nitrogen doping. The maximum nitrogen concentration achieved after ammoxidation was 25 at.%, which decreased to 4 at.% after activation. Additionally, it was observed that oxygen functional groups have a greater impact on porous structure development compared to nitrogen functional groups. The materials activated through carbonization under an ammonia/air atmosphere attained the highest oxygen concentration of roughly 19 at.% as confirmed by XPS. The materials were evaluated for their sorption capacities for carbon dioxide and ethylene, which were 2.2 mmol/g and 2.9 mmol/g, respectively, at 30 °C.
Persulfate-Promoted Carbamoylation/Cyclization of Alkenes: Synthesis of Amide-Containing Quinazolinones
Authors: Tang Jia-Jun , Zhao Meng-Yang , Lin Ying-Jun , Yang Li-Hua , Xie Long-Yong
Published: February 2024

The incorporation of amide groups into biologically active molecules has been proven to be an efficient strategy for drug design and discovery. In this study, we present a simple and practical method for the synthesis of amide-containing quinazolin-4(3H)-ones under transition-metal-free conditions. This is achieved through a carbamoyl-radical-triggered cascade cyclization of N3-alkenyl-tethered quinazolinones. Notably, the carbamoyl radical is generated in situ from the oxidative decarboxylative process of oxamic acids in the presence of (NH4)2S2O8.
Detection of Arsenic(V) by Fluorescence Sensing Based on Chlorin e6-Copper Ion
Authors: Luo Mao-Ling , Chen Guo-Ying , Wang Jia-Li , Chai Tong-Qing , Qian Zheng-Ming , Li Wen-Jia , Yang Feng-Qing
Published: February 2024

The high toxicity of arsenic (As) can cause irreversible harm to the environment and human health. In this study, the chlorin e6 (Ce6), which emits fluorescence in the infrared region, was introduced as the luminescence center, and the addition of copper ion (Cu2+) and As(V) provoked a regular change in fluorescence at 652 nm, whereas that of As(III) was 665 nm, which was used to optionally detect Cu2+, arsenic (As(III), and As(V)). The limit of detection (LOD) values were 0.212 μM, 0.089 ppm, and 1.375 ppb for Cu2+, As(III), and As(V), respectively. The developed method can be used to determine Cu2+ and arsenic in water and soil with good sensitivity and selectivity. The 1:1 stoichiometry of Ce6 with Cu2+ was obtained from the Job plot that was developed from UV–visible spectra. The binding constants for Cu2+ and As(V) were established to be 1.248 × 105 M−1 and 2.35 × 1012 M−2, respectively, using B–H (Benesi–Hildebrand) plots. Fluorescence lifetimes, B–H plots, FT–IR, and 1H-NMR were used to postulate the mechanism of Cu2+ fluorescence quenching and As(V) fluorescence restoration and the interactions of the two ions with the Ce6 molecule.