bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Complete and fidelity-robust state analysis for polarization-spatial-time-bin hyperentanglement with double-sided quantum-dot-cavity systems
Authors: Sun Yuan-Hao , Guo Yu-Qing , Cao Cong
Published: June 2023

Hyperentanglement represents a key resource in many quantum information processing schemes. Here, we present a complete and fidelity-robust hyperentangled-Bell-state analysis (HBSA) scheme for two-photon systems entangled in polarization, spatial mode, and time-bin degrees of freedom (DOFs). The scheme uses a fidelity-robust quantum nondemolition (QND) detector called BLOCK1, built with a singly charged semiconductor quantum dot (QD) in a double-sided optical microcavity (double-sided QD-cavity system) under the balance condition, and some linear-optical elements. Compared with the previously proposed complete HBSA schemes based on ideal optical giant circular birefringence, our scheme guarantees the robust fidelity and relaxes the requirement on the QD-cavity parameters with the assistance of the balance condition. Different from the schemes using error-detected blocks and exchanging Bell states in different DOFs to get unity fidelity, the BLOCK1 under the balance condition can directly measure the Bell states of polarization and spatial mode so that fewer kinds of linear optical components are needed in our scheme. In addition, our scheme simplifies the discrimination process and reduces the required light–matter interaction by using a self-assisted mechanism. These features indicate that our scheme may be directly generalized to multiphoton hyperentangled Greenberger–Horne–Zeilinger state analysis and more feasible in practical quantum applications based on the photonic hyperentanglement.
Visible wavelength time-stretch optical coherence tomography
Authors: Asghari Hossein
Published: June 2023

Visible light optical coherence tomography (OCT) is an emerging non-invasive imaging modality that offers new opportunities for anatomical and functional imaging of biological tissues. Time-stretch dispersive Fourier transform, also known as photonic time-stretch, is an all-optical processing method that enables real-time Fourier transformation of ultrafast optical signals and allows for OCT at high A-scan rates. In this work, a working prototype of a photonic time-stretch OCT (TS-OCT) method in the visible wavelength region is proposed and experimentally demonstrated. The proposed visible-light TS-OCT system achieves unprecedented throughput of 100 giga voxels/second and OCT volume rate of 4,000 volumes/second and can be used to expand the range of applications of TS-OCT systems.
Full analysis on coupling strengths between split ring resonators for double negative microwave tight-binding models
Authors: Chang Yu-Han , Silalahi Vanna Chrismas , Yang Yun-Ting , Wen Yu-Shiang , Kuo Watson
Published: June 2023

Previous studies have shown that split-ring resonators (SRRs) can be utilized to achieve finely tuned nearest-neighbor coupling strengths in various one-dimensional hopping models. In our study, we present a systematic investigation of resonator coupling, providing a comprehensive quantitative description of the interaction between SRRs and complementary split-ring resonators (CSRRs) for any orientation combination. Our method includes an estimation of the coupling strength through a linear combination of periodic functions based on two orientation angles, with a sinusoidal expansion of up to the 3rd order, allowing for efficient and streamlined microwave structure design. Through our approach, we offer a satisfactory explanation of the band structure of SRR chains using a microwave-hopping model, which facilitates the exploration of exotic photonic band structures based on tight-binding theory.
Optimization of SiO2 reflective layer thickness for improving the performance of structured CsI scintillation screen based on oxidized Si micropore array template in X-ray imaging
Authors: Teng Yunxue , Gu Mu , Sun Zhixiang , Liu Xiaolin , Liu Bo , Zhang Juannan , Huang Shiming , Ni Chen , Zhao Jun
Published: June 2023

Structured scintillation screen based on oxidized Si micropore array template can effectively improve the spatial resolution of X-ray imaging. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of SiO2 layer thickness on the light guide and X-ray imaging performance of CsI scintillation screen when the structural period is as small as microns. Cylindrical micropores with a period of 4.3 µm, an average diameter of 3.3 µm and a depth of about 40 µm were prepared in Si wafers. SiO2 layer was formed on the pore walls after thermal oxidation. Increasing SiO2 layer thickness would be beneficial to the propagation of scintillation light along the cylindrical channels. What was not previously anticipated was that the pore size gradually shrank as the SiO2 layer thickened. The pore shrinkage would reduce the filling rate of CsI in the templates and thus would reduce the production of scintillation light. The structured CsI scintillation screens with different SiO2 layer thicknesses were fabricated by filling CsI scintillator into the oxidized silicon micropore array template. The morphology, crystallinity, X-ray excited optical luminescence, and X-ray imaging performance of the screens were studied. The results show that the spatial resolutions of X-ray images measured using the structured CsI scintillation screens with different SiO2 layer thicknesses are close to each other, and they are all about 110 lp/mm. However, the X-ray excited optical luminescence of the screen and detective quantum efficiency of X-ray imaging vary with the thickness of the SiO2 layer. The optimal thickness is about 350 nm.
High-energy parametric oscillator and amplifier pulsed light source at 2-µm
Authors: Behnke Lars , Salumbides Edcel J. , Göritz Guido , Mostafa Yahia , Engels Dion , Ubachs Wim , Versolato Oscar
Published: June 2023

A laser system generating high-energy pulses at 2-µm wavelength with pulse widths tunable from 10–24 ns is described. It comprises an optical parametric oscillator that generates mJ-level signal seed radiation and an optical parametric amplifier that boosts the output to 800 mJ of combined signal and idler when pumped with 2 J pulses of 1064-nm laser light. The system operated with KTP crystals and running at 10 Hz repetition rate is characterized in the spatial, temporal, and spectral domains. The effect of saturation leads to an output pulse approaching flat-top spatial and box-shaped temporal profiles, as desired in various applications. The amplified pulses can be imaged down to sub-100 µm diameters, making this laser system a suitable driver for plasma sources of extreme ultraviolet light.
Attosecond metrology in circular polarization
Authors: Han Meng , Ji Jia-Bao , Ueda Kiyoshi , Wörner Hans Jakob
Published: June 2023

Attosecond metrology with linearly polarized light pulses is the basis
of a highly successful research area. An even broader impact can be
expected from a generalized metrology that covers two-dimensional
polarization states, enabling notably the study of chiroptical
phenomena on the electronic time scale. Here, we introduce and
demonstrate a comprehensive approach to the generation and complete
characterization of elliptically to circularly polarized attosecond
pulses. The generation relies on a plug-in device of unprecedented
simplicity. For the characterization, we introduce Stokes-parameter
and attosecond-resolved reconstruction of optical waveforms (SPARROW),
which encodes the attosecond-metrology information into the
photoemission angle in the polarization plane and accesses all four
Stokes parameters of the attosecond pulses. Our study demonstrates a
physically transparent scheme for attosecond metrology with elliptical
to fully circular polarizations, applicable to both table-top and
accelerator-based light sources, which will unlock studies of chiral
molecules, magnetic materials, and novel chiroptical phenomena on the
most fundamental time scales.
Autosomal recessive hyposegmentation of granulocytes in Australian Shepherd Dogs indicates a role for LMBR1L in myeloid leukocytes
Authors: Lourdes Frehner Bianca , Christen Matthias , Reichler Iris M. , Jagannathan Vidhya , Novacco Marilisa , Riond Barbara , Peters Laureen M. , Suárez Sánchez-Andrade José , Pieńkowska-Schelling Aldona , Schelling Claude , Kipar Anja , Leeb Tosso , Balogh Orsolya
Published: June 2023

Pelger-Huët anomaly (PHA) in humans is an autosomal dominant hematological phenotype without major clinical consequences. PHA involves a characteristic hyposegmentation of granulocytes (HG). Human PHA is caused by heterozygous loss of function variants in the LBR gene encoding lamin receptor B. Bi-allelic variants and complete deficiency of LBR cause the much more severe Greenberg skeletal dysplasia which is lethal in utero and characterized by massive skeletal malformation and gross fetal hydrops. HG phenotypes have also been described in domestic animals and homology to human PHA has been claimed in the literature. We studied a litter of Australian Shepherd Dogs with four stillborn puppies in which both parents had an HG phenotype. Linkage analysis excluded LBR as responsible gene for the stillborn puppies. We then investigated the HG phenotype in Australian Shepherd Dogs independently of the prenatal lethality. Genome-wide association mapped the HG locus to chromosome 27 and established an autosomal recessive mode of inheritance. Whole genome sequencing identified a splice site variant in LMBR1L, c.191+1G>A, as most likely causal variant for the HG phenotype. The mutant allele abrogates the expression of the longer X2 isoform but does not affect transcripts encoding the shorter X1 isoform of the LMBR1L protein. The homozygous mutant LMBR1L genotype associated with HG is common in Australian Shepherd Dogs and was found in 39 of 300 genotyped dogs (13%). Our results point to a previously unsuspected function of LMBR1L in the myeloid lineage of leukocytes.
Metabolic adaptation to consume butyrate under prolonged resource exhaustion
Authors: Katz Sophia , Grajeda-Iglesias Claudia , Agranovich Bella , Ghrayeb Alia , Abramovich Ifat , Hilau Sabrin , Gottlieb Eyal , Hershberg Ruth
Published: June 2023

Bacteria must often survive following the exhaustion of their external growth resources. Fitting with this need, many bacterial species that cannot sporulate, can enter a state known as long term stationary phase (LTSP) in which they can persist for years within spent media. Several recent studies have revealed the dynamics of genetic adaptation ofEscherichia coliunder LTSP. Yet, the metabolic consequences of such genetic adaptation were not addressed. Here, we characterized the metabolic changes LTSP populations experience, over the first 32 days under LTSP. This allowed us to link genetic adaptations observed in a convergent manner across LTSP populations back to their metabolic adaptive effect. Specifically, we demonstrate that through the acquisition of mutations combinations in specific sets of metabolic genes,E.coliacquires the ability to consume the short chain fatty acid butyrate. Intriguingly, this fatty acid is not initially present within the rich media we used in this study. Instead, it isE.coliitself that produces butyrate during its initial growth within fresh rich media. The mutations that enable butyrate consumption allowE.colito grow on butyrate. However, the clones carrying these mutations rapidly decrease in frequency, once the butyrate is consumed, likely reflecting an associated cost to fitness. Yet despite this,E.colipopulations show a remarkable capability of maintaining these genotypes at low frequency, as standing variation. This in turn allows them to more rapidly re-adapt to consume butyrate, once it again becomes available to them.
Association between migration and severe maternal outcomes in high-income countries: Systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Eslier Maxime , Azria Elie , Chatzistergiou Konstantinos , Stewart Zelda , Dechartres Agnès , Deneux-Tharaux Catherine
Published: June 2023

Background

Literature focusing on migration and maternal health inequalities is inconclusive, possibly because of the heterogeneous definitions and settings studied. We aimed to synthesize the literature comparing the risks of severe maternal outcomes in high-income countries between migrant and native-born women, overall and by host country and region of birth.

Methods and findings

Systematic literature review and meta-analysis using the Medline/PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library databases for the period from January 1, 1990 to April 18, 2023. We included observational studies comparing the risk of maternal mortality or all-cause or cause-specific severe maternal morbidity in high-income countries between migrant women, defined by birth outside the host country, and native-born women; used the Newcastle–Ottawa scale tool to assess risk of bias; and performed random-effects meta-analyses. Subgroup analyses were planned by host country and region of birth.

The initial 2,290 unique references produced 35 studies published as 39 reports covering Europe, Australia, the United States of America, and Canada. In Europe, migrant women had a higher risk of maternal mortality than native-born women (pooled risk ratio [RR], 1.34; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.14, 1.58; p < 0.001), but not in the USA or Australia. Some subgroups of migrant women, including those born in sub-Saharan Africa (pooled RR, 2.91; 95% CI, 2.03, 4.15; p < 0.001), Latin America and the Caribbean (pooled RR, 2.77; 95% CI, 1.43, 5.35; p = 0.002), and Asia (pooled RR, 1.57, 95% CI, 1.09, 2.26; p = 0.01) were at higher risk of maternal mortality than native-born women, but not those born in Europe or in the Middle East and North Africa. Although they were studied less often and with heterogeneous definitions of outcomes, patterns for all-cause severe maternal morbidity and maternal intensive care unit admission were similar. We were unable to take into account other social factors that might interact with migrant status to determine maternal health because many of these data were unavailable.

Conclusions

In this systematic review of the existing literature applying a single definition of “migrant” women, we found that the differential risk of severe maternal outcomes in migrant versus native-born women in high-income countries varied by host country and region of origin. These data highlight the need to further explore the mechanisms underlying these inequities.

Trial Registration

PROSPERO CRD42021224193.
Weekend effect on 30-day mortality for ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke analyzed using severity index and staffing level
Authors: Kim Seung Bin , Lee Bo Mi , Park Joo Won , Kwak Mi Young , Jang Won Mo
Published: June 2023

Background and purpose

Previous studies on the weekend effect—a phenomenon where stroke outcomes differ depending on whether the stroke occurred on a weekend—mostly targeted ischemic stroke and showed inconsistent results. Thus, we investigated the weekend effect on 30-day mortality in patients with ischemic or hemorrhagic stroke considering the confounding effect of stroke severity and staffing level.

Methods

We retrospectively analyzed data of patients hospitalized for ischemic or hemorrhagic stroke between January 1, 2015, and December 31, 2018, which were extracted from the claims database of the National Health Insurance System and the Medical Resource Report by the Health Insurance Review & Assessment Service. The primary outcome measure was 30-day all-cause mortality.

Results

In total, 278,632 patients were included, among whom 84,240 and 194,392 had a hemorrhagic and ischemic stroke, respectively, with 25.8% and 25.1% of patients, respectively, being hospitalized during the weekend. Patients admitted on weekends had significantly higher 30-day mortality rates (hemorrhagic stroke 16.84%>15.55%, p<0.0001; ischemic stroke 5.06%>4.92%, p<0.0001). However, in the multi-level logistic regression analysis adjusted for case-mix, pre-hospital, and hospital level factors, the weekend effect remained consistent in patients with hemorrhagic stroke (odds ratio [OR] 1.05, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.00–1.10), while the association was no longer evident in patients with ischemic stroke (OR 1.01, 95% CI 0.96–1.06).

Conclusions

Weekend admission for hemorrhagic stroke was significantly associated with a higher mortality rate after adjusting for confounding factors. Further studies are required to understand factors contributing to mortality during weekend admission.
Long non-coding RNAs CCAT1 and CCAT2 in colorectal liver metastases are tumor-suppressive via MYC interaction and might predict patient outcomes
Authors: Franz Clemens , Wuehrl Michael , Hartmann Sibylle , Klupp Fee , Schmidt Thomas , Schneider Martin
Published: June 2023

Background

Liver metastases severely reduce the long term survival of colorectal cancer patients. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) CCAT1 and CCAT2 have previously been found to be associated with impaired patient outcomes in primary colorectal cancer. We aimed to elucidate the role of CCAT1 and CCAT2 in colorectal liver metastases.

Methods

Total RNA was isolated from 97 human tissue samples of colorectal liver metastases and adjacent normal liver tissue. Gene expression analysis was performed by RT-qPCR and Multiplex ELISA and correlated with patient characteristics and survival. Gene expression, cancer cell migration, invasion, and proliferation were studied after siRNA-mediated knockdown of CCAT1, CCAT2, and MYC in metastatic colorectal cancer cell lines Colo205 and HROC277Met2.

Results

Elevated expression levels of lncRNAs CCAT1 and CCAT2, and their common target MYC in colorectal liver metastases were associated with prolonged progression-free survival after liver resection. High expression of CCAT1 was likewise associated with prolonged overall survival. Knockdown of CCAT1, CCAT2, and MYC resulted in increased migratory and invasive potential in metastatic colorectal cancer cell lines. Gene expression analysis revealed alterations in constituents of Wnt signaling following knockdown.

Conclusion

Our findings demonstrate tumor-suppressive functions of lncRNAs CCAT1 and CCAT2 in colorectal liver metastases. They suppress Wnt signaling directly and indirectly through target gene MYC and might prevent further metastatic spread from colorectal liver metastases.
The Situated Assessment Method (SAM2): Establishing individual differences in habitual behavior
Authors: Dutriaux Léo , Clark Naomi E. , Papies Esther K. , Scheepers Christoph , Barsalou Lawrence W.
Published: June 2023

From the perspectives of grounded, situated, and embodied cognition, we have developed a new approach for assessing individual differences. Because this approach is grounded in two dimensions of situatedness—situational experience and the Situated Action Cycle—we refer to it as theSituated Assessment Method(SAM2). Rather than abstracting over situations during assessment of a construct (as in traditional assessment instruments), SAM2assesses a construct in situations where it occurs, simultaneously measuring factors from the Situated Action Cycle known to influence it. To demonstrate this framework, we developed the SAM2Habitual Behavior Instrument (SAM2HBI). Across three studies with a total of 442 participants, the SAM2HBI produced a robust and replicable pattern of results at both the group and individual levels. Trait-level measures of habitual behavior exhibited large reliable individual differences in the regularity of performing positive versus negative habits. Situational assessments established large effects of situations and large situation by individual interactions. Several sources of evidence demonstrated construct and content validity for SAM2measures of habitual behavior. At both the group and individual levels, these measures were associated with factors from the Situated Action Cycle known to influence habitual behavior in the literature (consistency, automaticity, immediate reward, long-term reward). Regressions explained approximately 65% of the variance at the group level and a median of approximately 75% at the individual level. SAM2measures further exhibited well-established interactions with personality measures for self-control and neuroticism. Cognitive-affective processes from the Situated Action Cycle explained nearly all the variance in these interactions. Finally, a composite measure of habitualness established habitual behaviors at both the group and individual levels. Additionally, a composite measure of reward was positively related to the composite measure of habitualness, increasing with self-control and decreasing with neuroticism.
Peptide encoded by lncRNA BVES-AS1 promotes cell viability, migration, and invasion in colorectal cancer cells via the SRC/mTOR signaling pathway
Authors: Zheng Weiwei , Guo Yingchang , Zhang Guangtan , Bai Junwei , Song Yucheng , Song Xiaofei , Zhu Qinhui , Bao Xuebin , Wu Gang , Zhang Chao
Published: June 2023

Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been revealed to harbor open reading frames (ORFs) that can be translated into small peptides. The peptides may participate in the pathogenesis of colorectal cancer (CRC). Herein, we investigated the role of a lncRNA BVES-AS1-encoded peptide in colorectal tumorigenesis. Through bioinformatic analysis, lncRNA BVES-AS1 was predicted to have encoding potential and to be associated with poor prognosis of patients with CRC. In CRC cells, BVES-AS1 was validated to encode a 50-aa-length micro-peptide, named BVES-AS1-201-50aa, through a western blotting method. BVES-AS1-201-50aa enhanced cell viability and promoted the migratory and invasive capacities of HCT116 and SW480 CRC cells in vitro, validated via CCK-8 assay and transwell assay, respectively. Immunofluorescence assay showed that BVES-AS1-201-50aa increased the expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP9) in CRC cells. We further verified that BVES-AS1-201-50aa targeted and activated the Src/mTOR signaling pathway in CRC cells by co-immunoprecipitation (Co-IP) experiment, qualitative proteomic analysis, and western blotting. Our findings demonstrated that BVES-AS1 could encode a micro-peptide, which promoted CRC cell viability, migration, and invasion in vitro. Our current work broadens the diversity and breadth of lncRNAs in human carcinogenesis.
CryoEM structure and Alphafold molecular modelling of a novel molluscan hemocyanin
Authors: Pasqualetto Gaia , Mack Andrew , Lewis Emily , Cooper Ryan , Holland Alistair , Borucu Ufuk , Mantell Judith , Davies Tom , Weckener Miriam , Clare Dan , Green Tom , Kille Pete , Muhlhozl Alex , Young Mark T.
Published: June 2023

Hemocyanins are multimeric oxygen transport proteins present in the blood of arthropods and molluscs, containing up to 8 oxygen-binding functional units per monomer. In molluscs, hemocyanins are assembled in decamer ‘building blocks’ formed of 5 dimer ‘plates’, routinely forming didecamer or higher-order assemblies with d5 or c5 symmetry. Here we describe the cryoEM structures of the didecamer (20-mer) and tridecamer (30-mer) forms of a novel hemocyanin from the slipper limpet Crepidula fornicata (SLH) at 7.0 and 4.7 Å resolution respectively. We show that two decamers assemble in a ‘tail-tail’ configuration, forming a partially capped cylinder, with an additional decamer adding on in ‘head-tail’ configuration to make the tridecamer. Analysis of SLH samples shows substantial heterogeneity, suggesting the presence of many higher-order multimers including tetra- and pentadecamers, formed by successive addition of decamers in head-tail configuration. Retrieval of sequence data for a full-length isoform of SLH enabled the use of Alphafold to produce a molecular model of SLH, which indicated the formation of dimer slabs with high similarity to those found in keyhole limpet hemocyanin. The fit of the molecular model to the cryoEM density was excellent, showing an overall structure where the final two functional units of the subunit (FU-g and FU-h) form the partial cap at one end of the decamer, and permitting analysis of the subunit interfaces governing the assembly of tail-tail and head-tail decamer interactions as well as potential sites for N-glycosylation. Our work contributes to the understanding of higher-order oligomer formation in molluscan hemocyanins and demonstrates the utility of Alphafold for building accurate structural models of large oligomeric proteins.
Qualitative evaluation of barriers and facilitators to hepatocellular carcinoma care in North Carolina
Authors: Ray Emily M. , Teal Randall W. , Carda-Auten Jessica , Coffman Erin , Sanoff Hanna K.
Published: June 2023

Background

Many patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) never receive cancer-directed therapy. In order to tailor interventions to increase access to appropriate therapy, we sought to understand the barriers and facilitators to HCC care.

Methods

Patients with recently diagnosed HCC were identified through the University of North Carolina (UNC) HCC clinic or local hospital cancer registrars (rapid case ascertainment, RCA). Two qualitative researchers conducted in-depth, semi-structured interviews. Interviews were audiotaped, transcribed, and coded.

Results

Nineteen interviews were conducted (10 UNC, 9 RCA). Key facilitators of care were: physician knowledge; effective communication regarding test results, plan of care, and prognosis; social support; and financial support. Barriers included: lack of transportation; cost of care; provider lack of knowledge about HCC; delays in scheduling; or poor communication with the medical team. Participants suggested better coordination of appointments and having a primary contact within the healthcare team.

Limitations

We primarily captured the perspectives of those HCC patients who, despite the challenges they describe, were ultimately able to receive HCC care.

Conclusions

This study identifies key facilitators and barriers to accessing care for HCC in North Carolina. Use of the RCA system to identify patients from a variety of settings, treated and untreated, enabled us to capture a broad range of perspectives. Reducing barriers through improving communication and care coordination, assisting with out-of-pocket costs, and engaging caregivers and other medical providers may improve access. This study should serve as the basis for tailored interventions aimed at improving access to appropriate, life-prolonging care for patients with HCC.
Nurses’ experiences of using falls alarms in subacute care: A qualitative study
Authors: Considine Julie , Berry Debra , Mullen Maureen , Chisango Edmore , Webb-St Mart Melinda , Michell Peter , Darzins Peteris , Boyd Leanne
Published: June 2023

Bed and chair alarms have been included in many multifaceted falls prevention interventions. None of the randomised trials of falls alarms as sole interventions have showed significant effect on falls or falls with injury. Further, use of bed and chair alarms did not change patients’ fear of falling, length of hospital stay, functional status, discharge destination or health related quality of life. The aim of this study was to explore nurses’ experiences of using bed and chair alarms. A qualitative descriptive study using semi-structured interviews with a purposive sample of 12 nurses was conducted on a 32-bed Geriatric Evaluation and Management ward in Melbourne, Australia. Participants were interviewed between 27 January and 12 March 2021.Transcribed audio-recordings of interviews were analysed using inductive thematic analysis. NVIVO 12.6 was used to manage the study data. Three major themes and four subthemes were constructed from the data: i) negative impacts of falls alarms (subthemes: noisy technology, imperfect technology), ii) juggling the safety-risk conflict, and iii) negotiating falls alarm use (subthemes: nurse decision making and falls alarm overuse). Nurses’ experience of using falls alarms was predominantly negative and there was tension between falls alarms having limited impact on patient safety and risks associated with their use. Nurses described a need to support nurse decision making related to falls alarms use in practice and policy, and a desire to be empowered to manage falls risk in other ways.
Increased patient satisfaction by integration of palliative care into geriatrics—A prospective cohort study
Authors: Schelin Maria E. C. , Fürst Carl Johan , Rasmussen Birgit H. , Hedman Christel
Published: June 2023

Background

Integration of oncology and palliative care has been shown to increase quality of life in advanced disease. To meet the needs of the growing older population, integration of palliative care and geriatrics has been proposed but scarcely described.

Objectives

The aim of this study was to integrate palliative care into geriatrics by a structured care guide, the Swedish Palliative Care Guide, and to evaluate its effect on patient satisfaction, health-related quality of life and symptom burden, compared to a control group.

Methods

Geriatric in-patients over 65 years of age were included in the study, those with cognitive impairment were excluded. Data was collected before (baseline) and after the implementation (intervention) of the Swedish Palliative Care Guide. Patient satisfaction was evaluated two weeks after discharge with questions from a national patient survey. Health-related quality of life was measured with EQ-5D-3L and symptom burden with Edmonton Symptom Assessment Scale.

Results

In total, 400 patients were included, 200 in the baseline- and intervention group, respectively. Mean age was 83 years in both groups. Patient satisfaction was significantly higher in nine out of ten questions (p = 0.02-<0.001) in the intervention group compared to baseline. No differences between the groups were seen in health-related quality of life or symptom burden.

Conclusion

A significant effect on patient satisfaction was seen after implementation of the Swedish Palliative Care Guide in geriatric care. Thus, integration of palliative care and geriatrics could be of substantial benefit in the growing population of older adults with multimorbidity and frailty.
Cerebral blood flow autoregulation assessment by correlation analysis between mean arterial blood pressure and transcranial doppler sonography or near infrared spectroscopy is different: A pilot study
Authors: Thudium Marcus , Moestl Stefan , Hoffmann Fabian , Hoff Alex , Kornilov Evgeniya , Heusser Karsten , Tank Jens , Soehle Martin
Published: June 2023

Purpose

Recently, cerebral autoregulation indices based on moving correlation indices between mean arterial pressure (MAP) and cerebral oximetry (NIRS, ORx) or transcranial Doppler (TCD)-derived middle cerebral artery flow velocity (Mx) have been introduced to clinical practice. In a pilot study, we aimed to evaluate the validity of these indices using incremental lower body negative pressure (LBNP) until presyncope representing beginning cerebral hypoperfusion as well as lower body positive pressure (LBPP) with added mild hypoxia to induce cerebral hyperperfusion in healthy subjects.

Methods

Five male subjects received continuous hemodynamic, TCD and NIRS monitoring. Decreasing levels of LBNP were applied in 5-minute steps until subjects reached presyncope. Increasing levels of LBPP were applied stepwise up to 20 or 25 mmHg. Normobaric hypoxia was added until an oxygen saturation of 84% was reached. This was continued for 10 minutes. ORx and Mx indices were calculated using previously described methods.

Results

Both Indices showed an increase > 0.3 indicating impaired cerebral autoregulation during presyncope. However, there was no significant difference in Mx at presyncope compared to baseline (p = 0.168). Mean arterial pressure and cardiac output decreased only in presyncope, while stroke volume was decreased at the last pressure level. Neither Mx nor ORx showed significant changes during LBPP or hypoxia. Agreement between Mx and ORx was poor during the LBNP and LBPP experiments (R2 = 0.001, p = 0.3339).

Conclusion

Mx and ORx represent impaired cerebral autoregulation, but in Mx this may not be distinguished sufficiently from baseline. LBPP and hypoxia are insufficient to reach the upper limit of cerebral autoregulation as indicated by Mx and ORx.
El sistema de garantías y protección de la persona trabajadora frente a represalias empresariales por denuncias y reclamaciones en el ordenamiento jurídico comunitario y español
Authors: Sierra Hernáiz Elisa
Published: June 2023

La aprobación de las Directivas (UE) 2019/1937 relativa a la protección de las personas que informen sobre infracciones del derecho de la unión y 2019/1152, relativa a unas condiciones laborales transparentes y previsibles en la Unión Europea implica, entre otras medidas, establecer un sistema común de protección de las personas trabajadores frente a represalias empresariales por reclamar de sus derechos laborales o denunciar irregularidades de normativa comunitaria. Dicha protección se lleva a cabo en nuestro ordenamiento jurídico fundamentalmente por la declaración de nulidad de dichos actos empresariales y la inversión de la carga de la prueba, pero resulta insuficiente, por ejemplo, para proteger a terceros. Por ello, y para asegurar la plena protección que persiguen las normas comunitarias, habría que idear procedimientos formales comunes para las denuncias y reclamaciones y modificar el Estatuto de los Trabajadores para identificar y proteger específicamente estas represalias
La formación como principio y fin de la acción preventiva frente a los riesgos psicosociales derivados de la digitalización y la automatización
Authors: Megino Fernández Diego
Published: June 2023

Sin duda, fenómenos como los de la automatización y la digitalización traen consigo elocuentes ventajas, también en el ámbito de las organizaciones productivas. Sin embargo, al mismo tiempo suponen fuentes de potenciales amenazas para la salud laboral de las personas trabajadoras. Entre ellas, corresponde llamar la atención sobre su capacidad para generar inéditos factores de riesgo psicosocial (o, al menos, para agudizar o remozar otros ya arraigados).

Para combatirlos, la disciplina preventiva ha de representar un papel primordial. En especial, las circunstancias demandan un superior protagonismo de la parcela formativa. Unas acciones de adiestramiento bien diseñadas, dirigidas y aplicadas conducirán a actividades y entornos profesionales no solo seguros, sino también saludables.

Por eso, el propósito fundamental de este estudio es el de reflexionar acerca de la relevancia adquirida por la formación en materia preventiva ante los factores de riesgo psicosocial, presentes y futuros, asociados a la contemporánea «cuarta revolución industrial».
La formación en prevención de riesgos laborales ante el impacto tecnológico
Authors: Estardid Colom Federico
Published: June 2023

La Ley 31/1995, de 8 de noviembre, de Prevención de Riesgos Laborales exige una actuación en la empresa que rebasa la simple observancia formal de un conjunto de obligaciones empresariales. Entre los específicos deberes que debe acatar la empresa tiene especial relevancia la formación preventiva, en cualquiera de las tipologías previstas en la vigente legislación, con la finalidad de optimizar la comprensión, tanto del alcance real de los riesgos derivados del trabajo como de la forma de prevenirlos y evitarlos, conforme a las singularidades de cada centro de trabajo, las peculiaridades de las personas trabajadoras y a las tareas concretas de cada puesto de trabajo.
Por esta razón, el presente artículo pretende, en primer lugar, hacer un análisis de las diferentes tipologías formativas que prevé la norma preventiva y el eventual impacto y aplicación que algunas de las nuevas tecnologías pudiese tener sobre ellas y, en segundo término, examinar las posibles ventajas y menoscabos de su efectiva integración en los preceptivos planes de prevención.
El valor formativo de la Historia del Deporte para la enseñanza de la Historia en educación media. Aportes para pensar su incorporación al aula
Authors: Laborido Gastón
Published: June 2023

La escritura de este trabajo es el resultado de reflexiones acerca de mis prácticas de enseñanza de la Historia en educación media. Los estudios académicos vinculados a la Historia del Deporte, son relativamente nuevos y sus productos poco conocidos. Esto ha generado que en pocas ocasiones se tome a la Historia del Deporte como una opción para enseñar Historia. Considero que es necesario discutir acerca de la pertinencia de la historia del deporte en la clase de historia y sobre todo los elementos formativos de la enseñanza de este conocimiento específico. Este trabajo pretende, en primer lugar, aportar una mirada sobre el deporte como objeto de estudio de la Historia y los principales elementos formativos de este campo de estudio. En segundo lugar, reflexionar sobre su potencial educativo, para que se vuelva una opción didáctica para la enseñanza de la historia en educación media.
Enseñar Economía en la Escuela Secundaria Orientada. Un estudio sobre los materiales curriculares en la provincia de Santa Fe, Argentina
Authors: Arroyo Gastón
Published: June 2023

El objeto de este trabajo es un intento de comprender y desentrañar las nociones económicas que presentan los materiales curriculares que se proponen para la enseñanza de la Economía en las Escuelas Secundarias Orientadas (EESO) de Santa Fe. La lectura de los materiales curriculares se abordó a partir de una investigación inscripta en el campo metodológico cualitativo-interpretativo y sobre la base de entrevistas a docentes del ciclo orientado. Se llevó a cabo el estudio de dos casos en escuelas situadas en diferentes contextos sociales. Una de ellas ubicada en el casco céntrico de la ciudad de Santa Fe Argentina, donde asisten jóvenes predominantemente de clase media y la otra en la zona periférica de la misma ciudad, caracterizada por un contexto social vulnerable.
Business Ethics: Moral or Amoral? An analysis from the perspective of Kantian ethics
Authors: Vignini Stefania , Rusconi Gianfranco
Published: June 2023

The aim of this paper is to analyze the phenomenon related to business ethical purposes from a different perspective, using the philosophical lens developed by Immanuel Kant. This work is also oriented to identify the most important research topics related to business ethics through the combination of a different framework. The present paper intends to offer a conceptual contribution to the ongoing debate on the theme of ethics in corporate social responsibility, highlighting the main problematic aspects that emerge from the analysis of the literature and the observation of reality in the light of the philosophical framework of Kant. This paper, therefore, examines and applies the deontological view of Kant and his distinction between the ‘categorical’ and ‘hypothetic’ imperative. This ethical view is useful to prevent instrumental acceptance of ethical codes and sustainability reports; in fact, during the making of the work, several well-known practices are presented, which are far from behaving in a moral way (i.e., General Electrics, Lehman Brothers, and so on).
Nexus Between Official Development Aid, Institutional Quality and Economic Growth: Evidence from CLMV countries
Authors: Lau Wee-Yeap , Yip Tien-Ming
Published: June 2023

This study examines the effect of country-specific Official Development Aid (ODA) and institutional quality on economic growth for Cambodia, Laos, Myanmar, and Vietnam (CLMV) countries from 2002 to 2017. Our results indicate that: First, the impact of ODA from Germany, Japan and France on economic growth is conditional on the level of institutional quality of CLMV countries. The ODA has a negative impact on growth when institutional quality is low. Beyond a threshold of institutional quality, ODA promotes economic growth. Second, the results are robust after controlling for outliers and endogeneity in the model. Third, the further analysis provides evidence that the mitigating effect of institutional quality works through both labour productivity and human capital growth channel. Based on the findings, this study offers some imperative policy recommendations to both donor countries and ODA recipients.
Is Liquidity Risk Priced in Artificial Intelligence ETFs?
Authors: Duppati Geeta , Sonono Energy , Musvoto Wedzerai , Scrimgeour Frank , Tiwari Aviral Kumar
Published: June 2023

We examine if liquidity risk is priced in ETF equity returns and ETF equity premiums. We also show if these relationships hold in extreme market situations, which includes pre-and post-Covid periods. We find that liquidity risk is an important determinant of ETF equity valuation, and equity premiums are sensitive to liquidity levels. The equity premium tends to increase at the higher levels of bid-ask spread in the pre and post-Covid periods indicating that the information is not fully available to the public or to investors. Our results are robust across different sub-groups categorized based on the characteristics (age and size) of the ETFs. Our results have implications for asset pricing and price discovery and show that investors hold ETFs with high equity premiums even when the liquidity risk is high. A positive liquidity premium exists in Artificial Intelligence ETF markets and has implications for price discovery.
The Overshot Gate as a Flow-Measuring Device
Authors: Qasim Jihan M.
Published: June 2023

The overshot gate is a commonly used adjustable overflow weir for regulating the upstream water level in open channels. The amount of gate movement is proportional to the water level change. However, to effectively manage the water flow, it is also important for operators to accurately measure the flow rate in the channel. This study examines an overshot gate installed at the end of a laboratory flume to estimate the flow rate under various free flow conditions. This study investigates different gate angles ranging from 9.6° to 90° to evaluate their impact on the flow properties and the discharge coefficient. The analysis of the results indicates that the maximum flow rate values can be achieved with gate inclinations from 15.5° to 47.2° with relatively lower head; the inclined alignment of the gate decreases the effective gate height which consequently increases the gate efficiency. The use of the overshot gate is advantageous over the normal gate when channel depth is limited and higher discharge is required at relatively lower head. In this study, at the highest gate inclinations, the water surface is significantly stable having the lowest values of the approach Froude number. In addition, the head to gate height ratio decreases with raising the gate due to the reduced vertical contraction of the channel. Finally, this paper proposes an empirical equation for estimating the discharge coefficient based on the gate inclination, which demonstrates good accuracy in the specified range.
Dispensasi Perkawinan dalam Pelaksanaan Perkawinan di Bawah Umur
Authors: Widanarti Herni
Published: June 2023

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memberikan pemahaman pentingnya perkawinan dan Dispensasi Perkawinan bagi masyarakat yang akan melangsungkan perkawinan apabila perkawinan dilangsungkan oleh pasangan yang belum cukup umur menurut Undang – Undang di Kabupaten Wonogiri dan Perlu pemahaman tentang tata cara pengajuan perkawinan di bawah umur bagi, Kabupaten Wonogiri. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa Kegiatan pengabdian kepada masyarakat ini merupakan salah satu langkah awal bagi civitas akademika untuk lebih berperan dalam menyelesaikan permasalahan perkawinan di Indonesia melalui program penyuluhan hukum dengan pembahasan mengenai dispensasi perkawinan. Dengan kegiatan penyuluhan hukum ini diharapkan dalam memberikan pemahaman kepada masyarakat terkait dengan dispensasi perkawinan. Setelah itu masyarakat di Kabupaten Wonogiri diharapkan dapat memperhatikan syarat – syarat sah yang harus dipenuhi untuk melangsungkan perkawinan.
Pengawasan Keamanan Pangan
Authors: Njatrijani Rinitami
Published: June 2023

Masyarakat sebagai konsumen mempunyai peran dalam memastikan keamanan pangan. Untuk membangun masyarakat cerdas sebagai konsumen akhir produk pangan perlu menjaga keamanan pangan. Dalam pelaksanaannya di masyarakat tidak dapat dipungkiri banyak Pangan Jajan Anak Sekolah (PJAS) yang mengandung bahan berbahaya, cemaran mikroba atau bahan tambahan pangan yang kadarnya melebihi batas maksimum yang diijinkan. Masalah keamanan pangan di Indonesia rentan oleh karena itu perlu dilakukan pemahaman terhadap masyarakat dengan kerjasama yang bersinergi antara pemerintah selaku pengawas, asosiasi pelaku usaha/produsen, dan konsumen.
Relevansi Undang - Undang Keterbukaan Informasi Publik Dan Asas Kemanfaatan
Authors: Sukmadewi Yudhitiya Dyah , Utama Kartika Widya
Published: June 2023

AbstrakKeterbukaan Informasi Publik adalah salah satu landasan pemerintahan yang baik. Undang-Undang 14 Tahun 2008 tentang Ketebukaan Informasi Publik memberikan kewenangan kepada Komisi Informasi Publik untuk menangani sengketa terkait permohonan informasi publik. Empat belas tahun berlalu sejak diundangkannya, terdapat penyalahgunaan hak terhadap informasi publik. Artikel ini akan membahas apakah hak terhadap keterbukaan publik adalah hak yang harus diterima seutuhnya ataukah harus sesuai dengan tujuan dan kemanfaatan dari permohonan informasi publik itu sendiri. Disajikan dengan pendekatan studi kasus terhadap putusan yang telah berkekuatan hukum tetap, artikel ini diharapkan dapat memberikan inspirasi agar komisi informasi publik turut mempertimbakan kemanfaatan dalam sebuah permohonan informasi publik.Kata Kunci : Keterbukaan Informasi Publik, Komisi Informasi Publik, Asas KemanfaatanAbstract Public Information is one of the fundamental aspects of good governance. Law 14 of 2008 concerning Public Information gives the Public Information Commission the authority to handle disputes related to requests for public information. Fourteen years have passed since its promulgation, there has been an abuse of the right to public information. This article will discuss whether the right to public disclosure is a right that must be fully accepted or must be in accordance with the objectives and benefits of the request for public information itself. Presented with a case study approach using decisions that have permanent legal force, this article is expected to provide inspiration for the Public Information Commission to consider the benefits of a public information request.Keyword: Public Information, Public Information Comission, Zweigmatigheid.