bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Analysis of Biomechanical Parameters of Muscle Soleus Contraction and Blood Biochemical Parameters in Rat with Chronic Glyphosate Intoxication and Therapeutic Use of C60 Fullerene
Authors: Nozdrenko Dmytro , Abramchuk Olga , Prylutska Svitlana , Vygovska Oksana , Soroca Vasil , Bogutska Kateryna , Khrapatyi Sergii , Prylutskyy Yuriy , Scharff Peter , Ritter Uwe
Published: May 2021

The widespread use of glyphosate as a herbicide in agriculture can lead to the presence of its residues and metabolites in food for human consumption and thus pose a threat to human health. It has been found that glyphosate reduces energy metabolism in the brain, its amount increases in white muscle fibers. At the same time, the effect of chronic use of glyphosate on the dynamic properties of skeletal muscles remains practically unexplored. The selected biomechanical parameters (the integrated power of muscle contraction, the time of reaching the muscle contraction force its maximum value and the reduction of the force response by 50% and 25% of the initial values during stimulation) of muscle soleus contraction in rats, as well as blood biochemical parameters (the levels of creatinine, creatine phosphokinase, lactate, lactate dehydrogenase, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances, hydrogen peroxide, reduced glutathione and catalase) were analyzed after chronic glyphosate intoxication (oral administration at a dose of 10 μg/kg of animal weight) for 30 days. Water-soluble C60 fullerene, as a poweful antioxidant, was used as a therapeutic nanoagent throughout the entire period of intoxication with the above herbicide (oral administration at doses of 0.5 or 1 mg/kg). The data obtained show that the introduction of C60 fullerene at a dose of 0.5 mg/kg reduces the degree of pathological changes by 40–45%. Increasing the dose of C60 fullerene to 1 mg/kg increases the therapeutic effect by 55–65%, normalizing the studied biomechanical and biochemical parameters. Thus, C60 fullerenes can be effective nanotherapeutics in the treatment of glyphosate-based herbicide poisoning.
Extracellular Vesicles and Asthma—More Than Just a Co-Existence
Authors: Alashkar Alhamwe Bilal , Potaczek Daniel P. , Miethe Sarah , Alhamdan Fahd , Hintz Lukas , Magomedov Arslan , Garn Holger
Published: May 2021

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are membranous structures, which are secreted by almost every cell type analyzed so far. In addition to their importance for cell-cell communication under physiological conditions, EVs are also released during pathogenesis and mechanistically contribute to this process. Here we summarize their functional relevance in asthma, one of the most common chronic non-communicable diseases. Asthma is a complex persistent inflammatory disorder of the airways characterized by reversible airflow obstruction and, from a long-term perspective, airway remodeling. Overall, mechanistic studies summarized here indicate the importance of different subtypes of EVs and their variable cargoes in the functioning of the pathways underlying asthma, and show some interesting potential for the development of future therapeutic interventions. Association studies in turn demonstrate a good diagnostic potential of EVs in asthma.
Roles of Ti-Based Catalysts on Magnesium Hydride and Its Hydrogen Storage Properties
Authors: Zhou Chengshang , Zhang Jingxi , Bowman Robert C. , Fang Zhigang Zak
Published: May 2021

Magnesium-based hydrides are considered as promising candidates for solid-state hydrogen storage and thermal energy storage, due to their high hydrogen capacity, reversibility, and elemental abundance of Mg. To improve the sluggish kinetics of MgH2, catalytic doping using Ti-based catalysts is regarded as an effective approach to enhance Mg-based materials. In the past decades, Ti-based additives, as one of the important groups of catalysts, have received intensive endeavors towards the understanding of the fundamental principle of catalysis for the Mg-H2 reaction. In this review, we start with the introduction of fundamental features of magnesium hydride and then summarize the recent advances of Ti-based additive doped MgH2 materials. The roles of Ti-based catalysts in various categories of elemental metals, hydrides, oxides, halides, and intermetallic compounds were overviewed. Particularly, the kinetic mechanisms are discussed in detail. Moreover, the remaining challenges and future perspectives of Mg-based hydrides are discussed.
Clinical Relevance of Corticosteroid Withdrawal on Graft Histological Lesions in Low-Immunological-Risk Kidney Transplant Patients
Authors: Hernández Domingo , Alonso-Titos Juana , Vázquez Teresa , León Myriam , Caballero Abelardo , Cobo María Angeles , Sola Eugenia , López Verónica , Ruiz-Esteban Pedro , Cruzado Josep María , Sellarés Joana , Moreso Francesc , Manonelles Anna , Torío Alberto , Cabello Mercedes , Delgado-Burgos Juan , Casas Cristina , Gutiérrez Elena , Jironda Cristina , Kanter Julia , Serón Daniel , Torres Armando
Published: May 2021

The impact of corticosteroid withdrawal on medium-term graft histological changes in kidney transplant (KT) recipients under standard immunosuppression is uncertain. As part of an open-label, multicenter, prospective, phase IV, 24-month clinical trial (ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT02284464) in low-immunological-risk KT recipients, 105 patients were randomized, after a protocol-biopsy at 3 months, to corticosteroid continuation (CSC, n = 52) or corticosteroid withdrawal (CSW, n = 53). Both groups received tacrolimus and MMF and had another protocol-biopsy at 24 months. The acute rejection rate, including subclinical inflammation (SCI), was comparable between groups (21.2 vs. 24.5%). No patients developed dnDSA. Inflammatory and chronicity scores increased from 3 to 24 months in patients with, at baseline, no inflammation (NI) or SCI, regardless of treatment. CSW patients with SCI at 3 months had a significantly increased chronicity score at 24 months. HbA1c levels were lower in CSW patients (6.4 ± 1.2 vs. 5.7 ± 0.6%; p = 0.013) at 24 months, as was systolic blood pressure (134.2 ± 14.9 vs. 125.7 ± 15.3 mmHg; p = 0.016). Allograft function was comparable between groups and no patients died or lost their graft. An increase in chronicity scores at 2-years post-transplantation was observed in low-immunological-risk KT recipients with initial NI or SCI, but CSW may accelerate chronicity changes, especially in patients with early SCI. This strategy did, however, improve the cardiovascular profiles of patients.
Can a Single Trial of a Thoracolumbar Myofascial Release Technique Reduce Pain and Disability in Chronic Low Back Pain? A Randomized Balanced Crossover Study
Authors: Paulo Luana Rocha , Lacerda Ana Cristina Rodrigues , Martins Fábio Luiz Mendonça , Fernandes José Sebastião Cunha , Vieira Leonardo Sette , Guimarães Cristiano Queiroz , Ballesteros Sílvia de Simoni Guedes , Anjos Marco Túlio Saldanha dos , Tavares Patrícia Aparecida , Fonseca Sueli Ferreira da , Oliveira Murilo Xavier , Bernardo-Filho Mário , Sá-Caputo Danúbia da Cunha de , Mendonça Vanessa Amaral , Taiar Redha
Published: May 2021

Although manual therapy for pain relief has been used as an adjunct in treatments for chronic low back pain (CLBP), there is still the belief that a single session of myofascial release would be effective. This study was a crossover clinical trial aimed to investigate whether a single session of a specific myofascial release technique reduces pain and disability in subjects with CLBP. 41 participants over 18 years old were randomly enrolled into 3 situations in a balanced and crossover manner: experimental, placebo, and control. The subjects underwent a single session of myofascial release on thoracolumbar fascia and the results were compared with the control and placebo groups. The outcomes, pain and functionality, were evaluated using the numerical pain rating scale (NPRS), pressure pain threshold (PPT), and Oswestry Disability Index (ODI). There were no effects between-tests, within-tests, nor for interaction of all the outcomes, i.e., NPRS (η 2 = 0.32, F = 0.48, p = 0.61), PPT (η2 = 0.73, F = 2.80, p = 0.06), ODI (η2 = 0.02, F = 0.02, p = 0.97). A single trial of a thoracolumbar myofascial release technique was not enough to reduce pain intensity and disability in subjects with CLBP.
The Biomimetic Evolution of Composite Materials: From Straw Bricks to Engineering Structures and Nanocomposites
Authors: Marom Gad
Published: May 2021

Advanced polymer-based composite materials have revolutionized the structural material arena since their appearance some 60 years ago. Yet, despite their relatively short existence, they seem to be taken for granted as if they have always been there. One of the reasons for this state of affairs is that composite materials of various types have accompanied human history for thousands years, and their emergence in the modern era could be considered a natural evolutionary process. Nevertheless, the continuous line that leads from early days of composites in human history to current structural materials has exhibited a number of notable steps, each generating an abrupt advance toward the contemporary new science of composite materials. In this paper, I review and discuss the history of composites with emphasis on the main steps of their development.
3D Property Research from a Legal Perspective Revisited
Authors: Paasch Jesper , Paulsson Jenny
Published: May 2021

The concept of 3D cadastre is widespread internationally and part of many nations’ legal infrastructure. Since the publication of a literature survey on 3D cadastre research by Paulsson and Paasch in 2013, there has been a considerable amount of research output and activities in regard to 3D cadastre, which led us to believe that a new investigation of 3D cadastre publications could be of interest. The aim of this study is to analyze the development in 3D cadastre research during the years 2012–2020, focusing on the legal perspective of 3D property. A classification was made into main groups, legal, technical, registration and organizational, also investigating the occurrence of sub-themes such as visualization, BIM and standardization. The results of other literature studies on 3D cadastre research were compared with the outcome of this study. The number of identified publications during the analyzed years was 530. The study showed that the number of publications on legal topics has increased, but in relation to the other groups is still rather low. The 3D cadastre research community could benefit from the inclusion of the legal perspective in publications from other main groups, along with an increased focus on international comparative studies.
The Spatio-Temporal Analysis of Urban-Rural Coordinated Development and Its Driving Forces in Yangtze River Delta
Authors: Tang Daizhong , Mao Mengyuan , Shi Jiangang , Hua Wenwen
Published: May 2021

This paper conducts an analytical study on the urban-rural coordinated development (URCD) in the Yangtze River Delta urban agglomeration (YRDUA), and uses data from 2000–2015 of 27 central cities to study the spatial and temporal evolution patterns of URCD and to discover the influencing factors and driving forces behind it through PCA, ESDA and spatial regression models. It reveals that URCD of the YRDUA shows an obvious club convergence phenomenon during the research duration. The regions with high-level URCD gather mainly in the central part of the urban agglomeration, while the remaining regions mostly have low-level URCD, reflecting the regional aggregation phenomenon of spatial divergence. At the same time, we split URCD into efficiency and equity: urban-rural efficient development (URED) also exhibits similar spatiotemporal evolution patterns, but the patterns of urban-rural balanced development (URBD) show some variability. Finally, by analyzing the driving forces in major years during 2000–2015, it can be concluded that: (i) In recent years, influencing factors such as government financial input and consumption no longer play the main driving role. (ii) Influencing factors such as industrialization degree, fixed asset investment and foreign investment even limit URCD in some years. The above results also show that the government should redesign at the system level to give full play to the contributing factors depending on the actual state of development in different regions and promote the coordinated development of urban and rural areas. The results of this study show that the idea of measuring URCD from two dimensions of efficiency and equity is practical and feasible, and the spatial econometric model can reveal the spatial distribution heterogeneity and time evolution characteristics of regional development, which can provide useful insights for urban-rural integration development of other countries and regions.
Employment of Micro- and Nano-WS2 Structures to Enhance the Tribological Properties of Copper Matrix Composites
Authors: Freschi Marco , Di Virgilio Matteo , Zanardi Gabriele , Mariani Marco , Lecis Nora , Dotelli Giovanni
Published: May 2021

Friction and wear are responsible for around 23% of the energy consumption in transportation, manufacturing, power generation, and residential sectors. Employed components are exposed to a wide range of operational conditions, therefore a suitable material design is fundamental to decreasing tribological issues, energy consumption, costs, and environmental impact. This study aims to analyze the effect of different solid lubricants on the suitability of copper matrix composites (CuMCs) as a potential solution to reduce the depletion of sliding electrical contacts working under extreme conditions. CuMCs samples are produced by cold-pressing and sintering to merge a high electrical conductivity with the lubricant effect supplied by different species, namely tungsten disulfide micro-powder (WS2), inorganic fullerene-like (IF) tungsten disulfide nanoparticles, and graphene nanoplatelets (GNP). The crystalline structure of the pristine and composite materials is characterized via XRD. The electrical tests show a small decrease of conductivity compared to pure copper, due to the insulating effect of WS2; however, the measured values are still adequate for conduction purposes. Micro-scratch and wear tests highlight the positive effect of the combination of WS2 structures and GNP. The friction coefficient reduction leads to the possibility of extending the lifetime of the components.
Antibacterial Effect of Endodontic Disinfections on Enterococcus Faecalis in Dental Root Canals—An In-Vitro Model Study
Authors: Kranz Stefan , Guellmar André , Braeutigam Franziska , Tonndorf-Martini Silke , Heyder Markus , Reise Markus , Sigusch Bernd
Published: May 2021

Enterococcus faecalis (E. faecalis) is rather unsusceptible to many root canal disinfections which often cause a therapeutic problem. Therefore, the present in vitro study observed the efficiency of different endodontic antiseptics in their capability to suppress E. faecalis, especially inside dentinal tubules. Prior to any testing, root canals of extracted third human molars were inoculated with E. faecalis for 48 h. Antiseptic dressings with chloramine-T or calcium hydroxide (CaOH) for 24 h or irrigations with 1.3% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) were applied with n = 10 in each group. As control irrigation with normal saline was used. All treated canals were manually enlarged from size ISO 50 to 110 and the ablated dentin debris was subjected to microbial culture analysis. Bacterial colonization of the dentinal tubules up to 300 µm was verified by scanning electron microscopy and histological sample preparation. Application of crystalline chloramine-T caused total bacterial suppression inside the dentinal tubules. Dressings with CaOH showed only minor effects. Irrigation with NaOCl caused total eradication of bacteria adhering to the root canal walls, but also failed to completely suppress E. faecalis inside the dentinal tubules. The study showed that chloramine-T is of strong antiseptic activity and also efficient in suppressing E. faecalis inside dentinal tubules.
Correction: Wang et al. Parametric Formula for Stress Concentration Factor of Fillet Weld Joints with Spline Bead Profile. Materials 2020, 13, 4639
Authors: Wang Yixun , Luo Yuxiao , Tsutsumi Seiichiro
Published: May 2021

The authors wish to revise the following from pages 16–18 in the text of Appendix B [...]
Fabrication of Multi-Layer Metal Oxides Structure for Colored Glass
Authors: Gasonoo Akpeko , Ahn Hyeon-Sik , Jang Eun-Jeong , Kim Min-Hoi , Gwag Jin , Lee Jae-Hyun , Choi Yoonseuk
Published: May 2021

This study proposes front colored glass for building integrated photovoltaic (BIPV) systems based on multi-layered derivatives of glass/MoO3/Al2O3 with a process technology developed to realize it. Molybdenum oxide (MoO3) and aluminum oxide (Al2O3) layers are selected as suitable candidates to achieve thin multi-layer color films, owing to the large difference in their refractive indices. We first investigated from a simulation based on wave optics that the glass/MoO3/Al2O3 multi-layer type offers more color design freedom and a cheaper fabrication process when compared to the glass/Al2O3/MoO3 multi-layer type. Based on the simulation, bright blue and green were primarily fabricated on glass. It is further demonstrated that brighter colors, such as yellow and pink, can be achieved secondarily with glass/MoO3/Al2O3/MoO3 due to enhanced multi-interfacial reflections. The fabricated color glasses showed the desired optical properties with a maximum transmittance exceeding 80%. This technology exhibits promising potential in commercial BIPV system applications.
How Governance Paradigms and Other Drivers Affect Public Managers’ Use of Innovation Practices. A PLS-SEM Analysis and Model
Authors: Peralta Alberto , Rubalcaba Luis
Published: May 2021

Using the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology for Innovations in the Public Sector (UTAUT-IPS) model, this study examined the influences on using a specific innovation practice on public managers. We based our analysis on an end-of-2019 sample of 227 Spanish public managers, aiming to answer the question “Are public innovation and project managers driven only by a governance paradigm, influencing their intention and usage of an innovation practice?” Using the Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modelling (PLS-SEM) algorithm, we singled out the effects of the governance paradigm, performance expectancy, and motivation, among seven other behavioral composite variables. The PLS-Prediction-Oriented Segmentation routine was used to segment our sample into three distinct groups of innovation managers: (i) those driven by nearly all influences; (ii) those driven by results and the governance paradigm; and (iii) those driven by governance and habits. The three groups highlight the different practical approaches to public innovation and co-creation initiatives, which clearly reflect the complex process of deciding which tool (or tools) should be used to implement these. Our UTAUT-IPS model helps visualize this complex decision-making process.
Clinical and Pathological Significance of Cellular Atypia in Endometriosis
Authors: Maier Ioana Maria , Maier Adrian Cornel , Crișan Andrada , Puşcaşiu Lucian
Published: May 2021

Objective: To highlight the most frequent localization of ovarian endometriosis, the presence of atypical endometriosis, and recurrences. Retrospective review of 259 patients diagnosed with ovarian endometriosis treated at Tîrgu-Mures Emergency County Hospital, Obstetric Gynecology Clinic, between January 2014 and December 2018. Methods: Data were collected and analyzed for demographics, size of ovarian endometriotic cyst, and recurrences. Results: Out of 259 patients, 51 patients presented atypia, 20 on the right, 24 on the left, and seven patients were diagnosed with endometriosis with bilateral atypia. Higher susceptibility for left localization was noted. Thirty-nine patients (15.1%) presented recurrence. A statistically significant correlation (p = 0.006) was noted between patients with recurrence and atypia compared with those without atypia and endometriotic cysts larger than 7 cm. Patients with relapse under the age of 40 were noted to have mainly atypia with localization on the right (p = 0.025, OD = 4.107). Conclusions: The presence of endometrioma was not statistically significant correlated with left or right sided localization; recurrent endometriomas larger than 7 cm represents a risk for atypical endometriosis development. Recurrence and atypia appear more often in patients under the age of 40 and are right-sided. The total removal of the endometriomas can prevent the recurrence and subsequently the appearance of atypia and secondary neoplastic conditions.
Effect of Carbonitride Precipitates on the Corrosion Resistance of Low-Alloy Steels under Operating Conditions of Oil-Field Pipelines
Authors: Rodionova Irina , Amezhnov Andrey , Alekseeva Ekaterina , Gladchenkova Yuliya , Vasechkina Irina
Published: May 2021

An investigation into the corrosion resistance of steels with various contents of carbon and microalloying elements was carried out. It was shown that the presence of a large amount of nanosized (2–3 nm and less) precipitates of the interphase type, particularly niobium carbonitride and vanadium carbonitride, leads to a decrease in the corrosion resistance of hot-rolled sheet products. It was found that, after heat treatment of rolled products at 710 °C, the corrosion resistance of the metal is improved. One of the reasons for this is a decrease in the amount of interphase precipitates, which negatively affect the corrosion resistance of steel, while particles formed in austenite and ferrite do not have such an effect. To ensure high corrosion resistance of steels for oil-field pipelines, microalloying with niobium instead of vanadium is advisable, as well as heat treatment at temperatures above 710 °C.
A Novel Approach for a Chip-Sized Scanning Optical Microscope
Authors: Canals Joan , Franch Nil , Moro Victor , Moreno Sergio , Prades Juan , Romano-Rodríguez Albert , Bornemann Steffen , Bezshlyakh Daria , Waag Andreas , Vogelbacher Florian , Schrittwieser Stefan , Kluczyk-Korch Katarzyna , Auf der Maur Matthias , Di Carlo Aldo , Diéguez Angel
Published: May 2021

The recent advances in chip-size microscopy based on optical scanning with spatially resolved nano-illumination light sources are presented. This new straightforward technique takes advantage of the currently achieved miniaturization of LEDs in fully addressable arrays. These nano-LEDs are used to scan the sample with a resolution comparable to the LED sizes, giving rise to chip-sized scanning optical microscopes without mechanical parts or optical accessories. The operation principle and the potential of this new kind of microscope are analyzed through three different implementations of decreasing LED dimensions from 20 µm down to 200 nm.
Effect of Nanopores on Mechanical Properties of the Shape Memory Alloy
Authors: Du Chunzhi , Li Zhifan , Liu Bingfei
Published: May 2021

Nanoporous Shape Memory Alloys (SMA) are widely used in aerospace, military industry, medical and health and other fields. More and more attention has been paid to its mechanical properties. In particular, when the size of the pores is reduced to the nanometer level, the effect of the surface effect of the nanoporous material on the mechanical properties of the SMA will increase sharply, and the residual strain of the SMA material will change with the nanoporosity. In this work, the expression of Young’s modulus of nanopore SMA considering surface effects is first derived, which is a function of nanoporosity and nanopore size. Based on the obtained Young’s modulus, a constitutive model of nanoporous SMA considering residual strain is established. Then, the stress–strain curve of dense SMA based on the new constitutive model is drawn by numerical method. The results are in good agreement with the simulation results in the published literature. Finally, the stress-strain curves of SMA with different nanoporosities are drawn, and it is concluded that the Young’s modulus and strength limit decrease with the increase of nanoporosity.
A Label-Free Fluorometric Glutathione Assay Based on a Conformational Switch of G-quadruplex
Authors: Zhou Xi , Zhang Doudou , Yan Ying , He Hailun , Zhou Yukui , Ma Changbei
Published: May 2021

In this paper, a label-free fluorescent method for glutathione (GSH) detection based on a thioflavin T/G-quadruplex conformational switch is developed. The sensing assay is fabricated depending on the virtue of mercury ions to form a thymine–thymine mismatch, which collapses the distance between two ssDNA and directs the guanine-rich part to form an intra-strand asymmetric split G-quadruplex. The newly formed G-quadruplex efficiently reacts with thioflavin T and enhances the fluorescent intensity. In the presence of GSH, Hg2+ is absorbed, destroying the G-quadruplex formation with a significant decrease in fluorescence emission. The proposed fluorescent assay exhibits a linear range between 0.03–5 μM of GSH with a detection limit of 9.8 nM. Furthermore, the efficacy of this method is examined using human serum samples to detect GSH. Besides GSH, other amino acids are also investigated in standard samples, which display satisfactory sensitivity and selectivity. Above all, we develop a method with features including potentiality, facility, sensitivity, and selectivity for analyzing GSH for clinical diagnostics.
Human resources in rural areas:features of design and use
Authors: Lyashchuk Yu. O.
Published: May 2021

The formation and organization of effective use of human resources capacity is a complex organizational, economic and management problem, which is most rationally solved in the formation of appropriate clusters at the federal, regional and municipal levels. The establishment of multifunctional rural counselling centres in rural settlements will create additional facilities for the resident population and will attract young people to rural areas.
World trends in agricultural engineering and the direction of technical and technological modernization of crop production in the Republic of Belarus
Authors: Kovalev I. L.
Published: May 2021

Some basic directions in the global development of agricultural machinery and global trends in the dig-ital transformation of agriculture are reviewed and identified based on analysis of reports and articles by well-known expert organizations in this field. The analysis of the technical re-equipment of the Belarusian crop production over the past decade has been carried out, the directions of digitalization of agricultural production of the republic identified by the current State programs in the agricultural sector and Decree of the President of the Republic of Belarus No. 8 "On the Development of the Digital Economy" have been determined.
Research of the problem of staff turnover in the agricultural sector as a way to reduce personnel risks
Authors: Puzina T. E.
Published: May 2021

Taking into account that ensuring the competitiveness of agricultural organizations is directly determined by the quality characteristics of personnel as a system of formed professional competencies with minimal risks of changes in quantitative characteristics, it is particularly important to reduce personnel risks and staff turnover in the agricultural sector. The purpose of the research is to provide a theoretical justification and systematization of approaches and regularities in the study of staff turnover.
Rural subsidiary productions (enterprises) — a way to increase of the competitiveness of agricultural commodity producers
Authors: Roznina N. , Poverinova E. , Volkova A.
Published: May 2021

The concept of competitiveness, the basic problems of its maintenance, the measures for an increase of the eff ectiveness of fi nancial and economic activity and an economic level of the agricultural organizations are considered in the article. Measures for an increase in the competitiveness of commodity producers have been proposed. The concept of subsidiary manufactures (enterprise) has been given, social and economic effi ciency of subsidiary productions (enterprises), the social and economic effi ciency of subsidiary productions for all subjects of market relations has been refl ected. The technique of an estimation of the social and economic effi ciency of subsidiary productions at their creation has been specifi ed.
PROBLEMS OF REVIVAL OF NATIONAL FEATURES IN MODERN ARCHITECTURE OF RURAL DWELLING OF RUSSIAN-KAZAKH BORDERLAND
Authors: Bantserova O. , Sadykova S. , Kasimova A.
Published: May 2021

The article examines the problems of preserving and reviving historical and national traditions in the architecture of the rural dwelling of ethnic groups of the Russian-Kazakh border. The relevance of the study is due to the world processes of globalization, the growth of the population of cities and the gradual loss of unique objects of material culture in rural areas. The purpose of the study is to identify the space-planning, architectural and artistic features of rural dwellings of the Russian, Kazakh, Tatar and Bashkir peoples of the Russian-Kazakhstan borderland. The following methods were applied in scientific work: full-scale observations of existing buildings and structures on the studied territory, study of the natural climatic and landscape characteristics of the area, a comparative analysis of the established types of housing of ethnic groups. Within the framework of the study, architectural and artistic solutions of facades of traditional dwellings of different peoples, the peculiarities of the organization of interior spaces, their compositional and coloristic solution were considered and the relationship of historically established techniques with modern methods of building residential buildings of the rural population of the region was traced. As a result of the study, it was concluded that there is a partial loss of identity, smoothing out national features in the volumetric-planning and architectural-artistic solution of the dwelling of ethnic groups in the studied territory. At the same time, the preservation and revival of national features will help not only enrich the architecture of rural dwelling, but will also contribute to increasing tourist interest and the development of ethnocultural tourism in the Russian-Kazakh borderland.
EFFICIENT ACOUSTIC COMPOSITE PANELS BASED ON GRAPHITE
Authors: Fanina E.
Published: May 2021

A set of experimental studies is carried out to determine the acoustic characteristics of three-dimensional panels of fixed thickness made of carbon-based composite material installed in the opening between the reverberation chambers. Sound insulation indices are determined when they are excited by a diffuse sound field in wide frequency ranges. The reverberation time in model chambers with different partition configurations is calculated. The optimal configuration of the partition with pyramidal cells to reduce the reverberation time in the rooms is determined. The use of graphite in the form of thin membrane applied to various surfaces can significantly reduce the sound pressure levels in the room and increase the sound insulation indices of air noise. In addition to thin membrane, graphite can be used as an additive in composite materials for sound insulation purposes. It is shown that the characteristics of such panels are quite universal. The measured acoustic characteristics of composite panels are compared with similar characteristics of traditional materials. It is determined that the composition belongs to the I group of fire-retardant efficiency and can be recommended for use as a fire-retardant material. The developed acoustic material is an effective absorbing agent that solves problems in architectural acoustics, echo cancellation in construction and architecture. Similar to metamaterials, natural and artificial graphites allow to solve these problems with small volumes and masses using simple and inexpensive technologies.
How Shared Urban Citizenship Shaped Addis Ababa’s Early Development
Authors: Harre Dominique
Published: May 2021

This article applies the notion of urban citizenship to historical Addis Ababa to describe the multicultural forces that gave the first impetus to producing the urban space. Menelik’s political project for his new capital was based on a shared urban citizenship with long-lasting effects on the forms of urban belonging. In a rare non-colonial African context, the role of communities of Ethiopians, Western Europeans, Greeks, Armenians, Indians, Yemenis, and their interactions were thus essential in the process of creating Addis Ababa’s urban space. Using a combination of written, original oral, and non-textual material, this paper focuses on the experience of the Indian community. Three essential features of this shared urban citizenship are discussed : the cultural fusion exhibited in the townscape, the negotiation of urban space as a form of competition for the introduction of new commercial institutions, and the spatial differentiation marked by communitybased centralities.
De l’insertion urbaine à l’administration plurielle des migrants régionaux dans l’agglomération djiboutienne
Authors: Saïd Chiré Amina
Published: May 2021

Cet article aborde la question de l’insertion urbaine des migrants régionaux dans la capitale djiboutienne selon une perspective sociale et politique basée sur le traitement administratif pluriel des flux migratoires. Pour ce faire, elle revient, dans un premier temps, sur le contexte migratoire régional et le rôle de pôle d’attraction et de repli qu’y joue la République de Djibouti. Parallèlement, elle circonscrit géographiquement les lieux de la présence des migrants récents dans l’espace urbain djiboutien (Saïd Chiré, 2012), avant de faire le constat d’une insertion urbaine à la marge pour les migrants ayant opté pour les secteurs périphériques et d’une non-insertion pour ceux qui ont choisi les vieux quartiers du centre-ville. Dans un deuxième temps, la contribution tente d’expliquer les raisons de la préférence des migrants «indigènes » Afars et Somalis-Issas pour la périphérie de la ville et celles de la préférence des migrants habeshas et oromos pour les quartiers populaires du centre. Au final, l’analyse de la gestion politique des flux migratoires régionaux par les autorités djiboutiennes permet d’expliquer l’insertion à la marge de migrants ayant des liens familiaux et claniques avérées avec la population djiboutienne (Afars et Somalis-Issas) et la non-insertion de ceux dépourvus de tels liens (Habeshas et Oromos). Les nombreux freins à l’intégration des migrants habeshas, oromos et somaliens sont ainsi à relier avec la crainte d’une dilution de l’identité djiboutienne et à terme d’une annexion du pays par ses voisins. Les quelques privilèges accordés aux Afars et Somalis-Issas ont alors des motivations électoralistes et plus largement démographiques.
Citadinité et armée coloniale en Côte française des Somalis : stratégies d’insertion et pratiques citadines des engagés de la Corne de l’Afrique (1916-1966)
Authors: Jolly Laurent
Published: May 2021

Djibouti, création coloniale ex-nihilo, est à la fois un noeud de communication, un centre administratif et un pôle économique régional, mais aussi une mosaïque de populations attirées par sa relative prospérité. Djibouti représenta au XXe siècle une opportunité pour les populations du nord de la Corne et du littoral yéménite, mais aussi un espace d’hybridations. L’article se propose d’explorer la citadinité, c’est-à-dire l’ensemble des pratiques et des représentations des usagers de la ville de Djibouti, à partir des données recueillies au cours d’un travail de recherche en histoire sociale portant sur les recrues de la Corne de l’Afrique dans l’armée française. Dans un premier temps nous aborderons la place de la ville de Djibouti dans les stratégies individuelles des engagés volontaires, pour beaucoup originaires des territoires voisins de la Côte française des Somalis, mais aussi profondément ancrés dans l’économie pastorale. La place de cette ville dans les courants migratoires régionaux sera mise en évidence, tout comme la place des réseaux lignagers dans les stratégies migratoires. Puis nous nous interrogerons sur les représentations de la ville, tour à tour fascinante et effrayante, tant pour les engagés que pour les recruteurs, et sur la vie sociale en contexte colonial. Enfin nous tenterons de mesurer en quoi la ville de Djibouti fut un lieu d’altérités à partir des trajectoires d’anciens militaires et de leur descendance installée dans cette ville, lesquels, à bien des égards, contribuèrent à l’émergence d’une classe moyenne productrice de territoires urbains et d’une identité djiboutienne.
Pictos ediscere mundos. Perception et imaginaire du paysage dans la peinture hellénistique et romaine
Authors: Rouveret Agnès
Published: May 2021

Whereas some recent researches in the field take it for granted that the concept of landscape was unknown to the Greco-Roman world, ancient writers describe a particular type of wallpainting in vogue from the late Hellenistic to the early Imperial period under the name of topia or topiaria opera. The content of the description shows that they represent a kind of landscape painting which finds numerous examples in Roman domestic frescoes of the Ist centuries b. c. and a. d. This study examines some archaeological documents such as Philip ‘ s Tomb in Vergina and the Nilotic mosaic from Palestrina and literary sources from Polybius to Pliny the Younger, in order to establish the genesis of the concept of landscape from the Hellenistic period to the Roman Empire and establish that there is a tight link between the emergence of the notion of landscape and the progressive affirmation of the ego in antiquity.
Le texte hittite des funérailles royales au risque du comparatisme
Authors: Testart Alain
Published: May 2021

Les données disponibles sur d’autres peuples montrent que le roi n’emmène jamais dans l’au-delà les objets de sa fonction, mais seulement ceux qui sont nécessaires à son confort personnel et qui lui assureront là-bas son train de vie. La lecture du texte hittite connu sous le titre « Quand un grand péché arrive à Hattusa... » , bien que très mutilé, nous donne à penser qu’il en allait de même chez le Hittites. Mais, au lieu de lui donner les choses elles-mêmes comme dans les kourganes scythes (les chevaux tués, les cuisiniers, les palefreniers, etc.), ou encore, au lieu de les lui laisser sous forme de représentations comme dans les mastabas égyptiens (avec tout ce que font les hommes et les administrateurs du domaine), on les lui envoie en les brûlant. C’est de la même façon que l’on envoie à Patrocle ses chiens, ses cavales, dans l’Iliade, ou que les Grecs de l’époque classique envoient aux dieux leur part du sacrifice.
Pratiques funéraires et identité culturelle : le cas de Terqa à la fin du Bronze ancien et au Bronze moyen
Authors: Rouault Olivier
Published: May 2021

Le site d’Ashara-Terqa et le Moyen-Euphrate syrien en général sont des lieux où des populations d’origine très diverse ont cohabité et se sont intégrées à une culture locale aux racines profondes et solides. Dans un tel contexte, que nous pouvons étudier à partir de la documentation épigraphique et archéologique, on constate finalement que, dans l’état actuel de nos connaissances, la grande variété des pratiques funéraires ne semble pas correspondre clairement ni de façon simple à la diversité ethnique.
Les Gymnopédies de Sparte
Authors: Richer Nicolas
Published: May 2021

L’organisation des Gymnopédies est entourée d’incertitude, qu’il s’agisse de leur lieu d’organisation (agora ou théâtre de Sparte) ou de la façon dont étaient constitués, par classes d’âge, les choeurs qui y concouraient. Organisées à un moment de forte chaleur qui, selon Platon, leur donnait le caractère d’une épreuve, les Gymnopédies devaient être une occasion de rendre hommage à Apollon. Elles ont pu, à partir du IVe siècle, incorporer les Parparonia qui, a-t-il été supposé, célébraient la victoire de Thyréa remportée par les Lacédémoniens sur les Argiens au milieu du VIe siècle. Les Gymnopédies (qui duraient sans doute entre deux et cinq jours) pouvaient s’achever à la pleine lune prévisible la plus proche de la date d’observation prévisible du lever héliaque de Sirius (soit entre mi-juillet et mi-août).
La démocratie octroyée dans Les Suppliantes d’Euripide
Authors: David Sylvie
Published: May 2021

L’analyse de l’ἀγών des Suppliantes d’Euripide sur les mérites comparés de la démocratie et de la tyrannie révèle une conception aristocratique de la démocratie : le peuple n’est apte à diriger que s’il est lui-même dirigé par un homme de mérite. Ainsi s’éclaire le rôle de Thésée, souverain mythique incarnant la démocratie idéale. L’article étudie le vocabulaire politique de l’ ἀγών et, corrélativement, celui de deux extraits du premier épisode
La fabrication historiographique d’un passé héroïque en Grèce classique : Ἀρχαῖα et παλαιά chez Hérodote
Authors: Calame Claude
Published: May 2021

Abstract.– In the Enquiry of Herodotus, the terms ἀρχαῖα and παλαιά correspond more or less to what we would call, in our shared anthropological knowledge, the mythical past of the Greek cities ; sometimes a time which has bygone, but mainly a time with a strong relationship with the present of the production and of the performance of the historical discourse. When there is a semantic distinction in the use of both expressions this is not in introducing the point of view of the speaker, but in referring to the etymology of the word concerned ;

ἀρχαῖος seems to refer to the time of the ἀρχή, to the time of the beginnings, to a primeval past. But this past is still active in the present, without solution of continuity. This remarkable continuity inserts this “ archaic” time of the heroes between the time of the gods and the time of the men, which includes the recent past and which is generally orientated towards the near future.
Mouvement et corps barbares d’après les sources latines
Authors: Chauvot Alain
Published: May 2021

Dans les sources latines, la gestualité barbare se traduit par des signes comportementaux témoignant, par rapport à un « comportement romain » , d’une inversion (gesticulation / paralysie, fréquemment) ou d’une analogie (immobilité par maîtrise de soi, rarement) ou d’une différence (inertie). Les procédés de description employés, notamment chez Ammien Marcellin, peuvent se référer aux quatre éléments, eau, terre, air et feu. Quant aux explications de la gestualité barbare, elles sont de trois types : l’irrationalité que le corps barbare exprime s’opposerait à la sobrietas romaine ; l’environnement naturel et son action sur les flux sanguins détermineraient agressivité ou couardise, la migration des « pays froids » vers les « pays plus chauds » entraînant inertie ; enfin dans la Germanie de Tacite, ce serait l’alternance de l’excès et d’absence de mouvement qui serait le propre des « barbares germaniques » , mira diuersitas naturae.
De l’immobilité
Authors: Siebert Gérard
Published: May 2021

Das Doppelkonzept Bewegung / Bewegungslosigkeit hat die griechische Philosophie von jeher erforscht. Auch in der Geschichte der bildenden Kunst kommen beide zum Vorschein. Plastik und Malerei suchen rastlos nach dem Ausdruck von Bewegung, weil letztere fest an das Leben selbst sowie an die Natur gebunden ist, obwohl religiöse oder abstrakte Vorstellungen sich ihrem Gebiet zu entziehen scheinen. Zur Zeit des zweiten Klassizismus führen Gedanken-und Stilerneuerrungen zu einer Weltanschauung in welcher Bilder der Ruhe, gegenüber Bilder der Bewegung, höherenWert gewinnen. In der antiken Kunst erreichen solche Ruhebilder (nicht mit Bewegungslosigkeit zu verwechseln) dennoch nie die « schöne Inertie » eines modernen mythologischen Gernäldes wie bei Gustave Moreau.
Identités et représentations dans l’Egypte ptolémaïque
Authors: Gorre Gilles
Published: May 2021

Les études récentes ont révélé le « double-visage » de l’Egypte ptolémaïque. Le multiculturalisme apparaît différemment selon la nature des sources. Les sources grecques présentent des officiers de l’Etat gréco-macédonien alors que les sources égyptiennes décrivent des prêtres indigènes. Dans plusieurs cas, il s’agit cependant des mêmes personnes. Le but de cet article est d’étudier cette dualité.
La diglossie des enkatokhoi grecs du Sarapieion de Memphis (IIe siècle av. n. è.)
Authors: Legras Bernard
Published: May 2021

The mixed Greek and Egyptian milieu of the enkatokhoi of the Sarapieion of Memphis is known owing to an impressive dossier of bilingual papyri archives. These private archives, mainly written in Greek allow us to draw up a picture of the complex relations between the inhabitants of principally Greek culture and those of principally Egyptian culture residing within this sanctuary. The study of this dossier allows us to draw out the interactions that the enkatokhoi maintained with their environment in religious, economic and cultural domains. Here we will study this dossier through a linguistic angle based on the concept of diglossia, which postulates the existence of two cultures thought of as being heterogeneous and autonomous. The term diglossos appears to be particularly pertinent in designating the capacity to speak Greek and Egyptian, for, in texts taken from classical antiquity, this term is used for the person who speaks both Greek and a ‘barbarian language’.
Statut et identité dans l’Egypte des Ptolémées : les désignations d’« Hellènes » et d’« Egyptiens »
Authors: Veïsse Anne-Emmanuelle
Published: May 2021

À quelle réalité renvoient les termes de « Grecs » et d’ « Égyptiens » dans les sources ptolémaïques ? Cette étude vise à montrer qu’ils ne fonctionnent pas toujours comme des marqueurs ethniques mais qu’ils désignent parfois aussi des statuts, notamment dans les documents officiels. Au IIIe siècle au moins, le statut d’Hellène implique des privilèges spécifiques par rapport à celui d’Égyptien. Néanmoins, malgré son nom, il n’est pas exclusivement constitué sur une base ethnique et il peut intégrer des Égyptiens d’origine.
Xénophon et le mythe de Lycurgue
Authors: David Ephraim
Published: May 2021

Xenophon’s Lakedaimoniōn Politeia marks a crucial stage in the development of a political myth – the myth of Lykourgos. It is here that, for the first time in our sources, one finds a categorical defence of Lykourgos’ originality, which is supported inter alia by a chronological manipulation : the primordial date ascribed to the Spartan lawgiver. This work marks the beginnings of a veritable cult of personality, which is based on the concept of a culture hero : a pragmatic philosopher, a brilliant statesman and a pedagogue – the embodiment of perfect wisdom. Xenophon’s Lakedaimoniōn Politeia also marks a complete fusion between the myth of Lykourgos and that of an ideal Sparta which, for the first time in the surviving sources, is contrasted to a decadent Sparta (probably under the influence of King Pausanias’ lost pamphlet).