bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Physical activity levels and nutritional habits of physical education teachers during the covid-19 pandemic process
Authors: Özçelik AYçin , Bavlı Özhan
Published: January 2023

Background: While previous studies investigated the impact of the covid pandemic on society, no study findings were found on physical activity and nutrition habits of physical education teachers in this period. Therefore, this study was planned. For this purpose, a total of 238 Physical Education Teachers with an average age of 32.5±6.8 years, working in Çanakkale Province, participated voluntarily. Result: Physical Activity score (MET) in women was 1586.1±1646.1 MET; in males, it was found to be 1952.9.1±1558.6 MET. The frequency of daily meal consumption of the participants is mostly 3 meals (51.2%), the meals are mostly morning, noon and evening, respectively; It was determined that egg (17%), rice (20.2%) and meat dish (16.7%) were consumed. It was determined that fast food consumption was consumed 1 day a week with a rate of 53.7%, and the frequency of liquid consumption was mostly 1-2 lt (53.3%) per day. It was determined that tea-coffee type beverages were generally (50%) 1-2 glasses a day, and most of the participants (65.9%) did not consume cigarettes and alcohol (82.2%). When the results were evaluated, it was found that the frequency of exercise and physical activity levels of the participants were low, the fast-food style eating habits were high and their daily fluid consumption was low. Conclusion; It can be said that in order to prevent the health problems that may be caused by sedentary life during the pandemic process, it can be beneficial to gain regular exercise habits and to give seminars on healthy nutrition.
Flat serve success in the relationship to the serve toss and racket-ball impact of competitive and hobby tennis players: A case study
Authors: Carboch Jan , Hrychová Denisa
Published: January 2023

The flat serve is characterized by its speed. When successfully executed, the serving player can gain a direct point from the serve or an advantageous situation for the following rally. The aim is to investigate the relationship of ball toss to the success rate of the flat serve of tennis players. We observed 2 hobby and 8 competitive tennis players who served 40 flat serves. They were videotaped on a high-speed camera (200Hz) from a side view. Based on the 2D kinematic analysis, we evaluated the racket-ball contact of the serves: 1) in (good serves) 2) into the net 3) fault-long 4) faultwide. Hobby players contacted the balls 13 cm lower and reached 43 kph slower serve compared to competitive players. In addition, the toss variability was bigger for the hobby players. Toss training is very important for players, especially in relation to their own coordination for hitting, so it is important to pay a lot of attention to the toss and its practice.
An Approximation for General Transit Time Function
Authors: Khanal Durga Prasad , Gupta Shiva Prakash , Pyakurel Urmila , Dhamala Tanka Nath
Published: January 2023

People have unpleasant experience of driving through congested road network of urban areas, where transit time is not constant but flow-dependent. Network flow over time with flow-dependent transit times is more realistic than flow over time with fixed transit time on arcs which is an active area of research from last two decades. In traffic assignment problem, transmission time of the vehicles directly depends on the number of vehicles entering on the road. So, general transit time function is non-decreasing, convex and left-continuous. In this paper we discuss how a general transit time function can be approximated by the step function. It relaxes the inflow-dependent transit times to a bow graph. We calculate maximum bow flow by using temporally repeated flow for the given time horizon. Our aim is to show how flow value in step function converges to the flow value of general transit time function by increasing number of points in the domain of the step function.
Spatio-Temporal Clustering for Optimizing Time-Sensitive Product Deliverie
Authors: Chamansingh Nicholas , Hosein Patrick , Dyer Elena
Published: January 2023

We consider the problem of optimizing the near-periodic delivery of a product to customers with the additional constraint that there is an estimated deadline for delivery of the product. Delivery after the deadline is unacceptable while early delivery increases the frequency of deliveries which is also not desirable. While satisfying these customer constraints we wish to minimize the resources required by the delivery company to provide this service. In particular, we wish to minimize the total travel distance for delivery of products to customers since this reflects the associated costs of the service.
Analisa Optimasi Penugasan Dengan Pom Qm Untuk Meningkatkan Produktivitas Pada Umkm Produksi Tas Wanita
Authors: Putri Destiana , Pangastuti Nova
Published: January 2023

Perusahaan yang Optimal adalah perusahaan yang memiliki perencanaan yang matang dalam beberapa proses produksinya. UMKM yang memproduksi tas terkadang memiliki kendala yang besar ketika datang orderan yang banyak. Pihak UMKM merasa bahwa sumber daya yang di miliki merasa kurang mampu menghandle orderan tersebut dan berpengaruh terhadap penyelesaian produksi. Metode Assignment sangat dibutuhkan untuk membantu permasalahan tersebut dimana bertujuan untuk meningkatkan produktivitas UMKM tersebut. Penelitian ini menganalisi menggunakan software POM QM. Hasil yang didapat Pada penelitian ini nilai optimum untuk memproduksi sebanyak 100 tas ada 1822 menit atau 30 jam dengan penugasan diantara pengukuran pola dilakukan oleh tim D, Pemotongan dilakukan oleh tim A, Pengeleman dilakukan oleh tim C, Pengecatan dilakukan oleh Tim F, Pemasangan aksesoris dilakukan oleh tim B, Jahit Cangklong dilakukan oleh Tim G, dan Untuk Finishing Produk dilakukan oleh tim E. Setelah di ketahui penugasan tersebut perusahaan dapat mengetahui pengeluaran untuk biaya pekerja sebanyak 2.800.000 per 100 tas.
Editorial (Special Issue 7)
Authors: Editor Chief
Published: January 2023

Abstract not availableInternational Journal of Human and Health Sciences Supplementary Issue: 2023 Page: S3
Islamic Input in Medical Education and Healthcare Practice: Challenges and The Way Forward
Authors: Md Azhar Md Tahir
Published: January 2023

A short history of medical curriculum evolution and the efforts to give it the spiritual and humanistic dimensions will be presented. The experience of the IIUM Medical School curriculum and the obstacles and challenges would be mentioned. The whole exercise is ‘dakwah’. International Journal of Human and Health Sciences Supplementary Issue: 2023 Page: S4
The Pronoun Conundrum: He or She or They or Per or Ve: To Renounce or Denounce?
Authors: Syed Jaapar Sharifah Zubaidiah
Published: January 2023

Gender dysphoria (GD) is when a person has a strong desire to act differently than their assigned gender, which causes significant distress and dysfunction. Western countries, especially those that legalise the third gender, employ affirmative therapy for people with GD. However, Islam and Malaysian law only recognise gender expression based on natal sex. This further put those with gender dysphoria in Malaysia at risk of developing anxiety, depression, self-harm behavior, and suicide. Apart from that, they are more likely to engage in risky behaviours such as unsafe sex, sex with same-sex, chemsex, substance misuse, drinking alcohol and smoking. This sexual behaviour, especially man sex with man (MSM), contributes to HIV/AIDS, sexual transmitted diseases, and anal cancer. Consequently, it increases the health burden. Thus, this presentation will discuss approaches to dealing with people with this gender dysphoria. There are also ethical dilemmas or conflicts among psychiatrists in giving the diagnosis of gender dysphoria, especially in children and adolescents. Once giving the diagnosis of gender dysphoria, what is the best approach that a Muslim psychiatrist needs to consider? Are we going to practise affirmative therapy or conversion therapy or what? Do Muslim healthcare providers have the right to enforce patients against their will? Still, this would make it harder for people to get help and make them less likely to go to healthcare providers, especially Muslims. In contrast, this will encourage people with GD to go to healthcare providers that can support or affirm their desire, which is against Islamic and Malaysian law. Muslim healthcare providers should take the opportunity to help people with GD manage their conflicts according to the Islamic way. International Journal of Human and Health Sciences Supplementary Issue: 2023 Page: S5
Financing of Healthcare in Malaysia: Change or Business as Usual?
Authors: Khalib Azrul Mohd
Published: January 2023

Internationally, Malaysia's healthcare system has been considered a major success with universal health coverage considered to have been achieved since the late 1980s. Most of the population is within 10 kilometres of a healthcare facility or services which provide degrees of treatment and care, comparable to many economies of similar level. However, as the country begins making its transition to a high income country, the question is whether the financing for such a system is still fit for purpose, able to meet current challenges and needs (e.g. an ongoing non-communicable disease crisis and mental health), and most importantly, respond to the emerging threats such as another pandemic on the scale of COVID-19 and a growing aging population.  What are the possibilities for financing Malaysia's healthcare system to ensure its resilience and sustainability? What could we consider to replace what we have today and not leave vulnerable populations behind? Should we disrupt what we have for the promise of better coverage, quality, and innovation in preventative health, treatment and care? This discussion will present an alternative model for consideration.  International Journal of Human and Health Sciences Supplementary Issue: 2023 Page: S6
Generational Endgame (GEG)
Authors: Nik Mohamed Mohamad Haniki
Published: January 2023

Tobacco use especially among Malaysian adolescents remains as a significant threat to public health. A local survey in 2017 reported 13.8% of adolescents between 13 to 17 years old were smokers.  While this problem is growing in the country, we estimate the underage initiation of tobacco use and present evidence supporting policy measures like banning the purchase and use from the current 17 years old individuals, the country backed with effective implementation of tobacco control efforts to significantly reduce future tobacco burden.  Disallowing access, sale, purchase, and use of tobacco from current 17 years old individuals onwards via the Generational Endgame (GEG) should significantly  reduce youth initiation and taper down the overall adult  tobacco use prevalence over the long run in Malaysia. As the saying goes, prevention is better than cure. Hence, effective tobacco control strategies need to be enforced to safeguard our children and adolescents from becoming life-long nicotine addicts from combustible cigarettes, e-cigs or other products. The GEG along with other approaches outlined by the WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (FCTC) and the MPOWER strategies; including expanding smokefree areas, reducing tobacco advertising, promotion and sponsorship as well as increasing the price of cigarettes and all tobacco products through effective taxation measures. Enforcement is key and all parties must work together in order to thwart tobacco industry’s interference in order to achieve the Tobacco Endgame 2040. International Journal of Human and Health Sciences Supplementary Issue: 2023 Page: S7
Syariah Compliant Milk Bank: The Need and Issues
Authors: Khaliq Syed Abdul
Published: January 2023

World Health Organisation (WHO) defines premature infants as those babies born before the completed 37th week of pregnancy (Turner-Maffei et al., 2014).  Malaysian National Neonatal Registry (MNNR), reported an increase in the rate of premature births. This is also the trend seen worldwide. Premature babies, as they born prior to period of maturity, they are physically and physiologically still immature; their brain is immature, their eyes, their heart, their kidney, their gastrointestinal tract, their kidney and even their immune system are still very immature. Many may need admission into intensive care wards and special care nurseries to support, close monitoring and help them grow stronger. They are prone for infection, as their skin are still fragile, and they are not able to surmount an adequate immune response to fight off infection. Ensuring premature babies having access to breastmilk is of utter importance.  Breastmilk has the protective capabilities such as the IgA, to prevent them from getting infections, breastmilk is more tolerable for premature babies and is proven to prevent serious diseases such as Necrotising Enterocolitis. Some mothers, however, cannot breastfeed their child and cannot supply expressed breastmilk due to various reasons.  Therefore, there is a critical need for the development of milk bank. Milk Bank is not new, it is rather common in many countries. In fact, it is well established in the United States, United Kingdom and many other developed countries. The establishment of these milk banks has saved and protected the lives of newborn babies, especially the those premature. However, for Muslims, the issue arised in regards the issue of milk-kinship. The 97th Conference of the Fatwa Committee National Council for Islamic Religious Affair of Malaysia held on 15th – 17th December 2011 to forbid the establishment of milk bank in Malaysia. Thus, establishment of a syariah-compliant human milk bank is of a dire need. International Journal of Human and Health Sciences Supplementary Issue: 2023 Page: S8
Influenza – Beyond Respiratory Illness
Authors: Nordin Musa Mohd
Published: January 2023

Annual epidemics of seasonal influenza cause hundreds of thousands of deaths, high levels of morbidity, and substantial economic loss.Global influenza circulation has been heavily suppressed by public health measures and travel restrictions during COVID-19 pandemic. As many countries are now transitioning to COVID-19 endemic state, restrictions have been loosened or been lifted entirely, creating an opening for influenza and other respiratory viruses. As such, many more people might catch the flu and potentially be at risk of serious illness.  Although influenza is primarily considered a respiratory infection and causes significant respiratory mortality, evidence suggests that influenza has an additional burden due to broader consequences of the illness. Some of these broader consequences include cardiovascular events, exacerbations of chronic underlying conditions, increased susceptibility to secondary bacterial infections, functional decline, and poor pregnancy outcomes, all of which may lead to an increased risk for hospitalization and death.  Flu vaccination could be more important than ever now, both to protect those most at risk, as well as to protect health systems that are already under pressure due to COVID-19. The World Health Organization (WHO) and the Centers for Disease Control (CDC) recommends that almost everyone aged 6 months and older get a seasonal flu vaccine each year. Flu vaccines are updated each season to keep up with changing viruses. Also, immunity wanes over a year so annual vaccination is needed to ensure the best possible protection against the flu.   Despite health authorities’ recommendation, many at-risk adults are not aware of the impact of influenza and the importance of prevention. Healthcare provider’s recommendation can make a difference. Clinicians are the most valued and trusted source of health information for adults. CDC recommended a systematic communication to help patients make an informed decision about vaccinations. International Journal of Human and Health Sciences Supplementary Issue: 2023 Page: S9
During My Time…” (by IMAM Past-Presidents)
Authors: Shaharom Mohamed Hatta , Saim Lokman , Mas’ud Ishak , Hassan Jeffrey Abu
Published: January 2023

May we be protected by Allah the Almighty from self-aggrandisement (ta‘ẓīmun al-dhāti تعظيم الذات), self-delusion (wahmun al-dhātiوهم الذات ) and vanity (ghurūr غرور). Our resolve is to be always on the Path of the Divine instead of the Path of Shaitan.    1.     SHIP: Sacrifice (prioritising commitments), Humility (humbling experiences), Intention (solely for Allah), Passion (from the heart).  2.     FIMA: Immediate involvement in the international, professional, academic and humanitarian spheres.  3.     Islamic Sciences (Diploma, Institut Pengajian Ilmu-Ilmu Islam, Malaysia) and Arabic (Egypt and Malaysia).  4.     Islamic Movement: Influence of Ikhwān al-Muslimīn and Jamaat-e-Islami. (Abul A‘la Maududi died in 1979, Yūsuf al-Qaradawi led the funeral prayer at the Lahore Stadium, Pakistan. Leaders, activists and supporters of the Ikhwān were all released by President Anwar Sadat by 1971, only to be harrassed and arrested again by 1979-1981). 5.     Academic Administration and Boards of Companies. The politics of academia and intricacies of entrepreneurship. 6.     Malay Language and Literature, and DBP: Sastera Tanpa Sains Tiada Kemajuan. Sains Tanpa Sastera Tiada Keanggunan (Literature without science is devoid of advancement. Science without literature is devoid of elegance). “In our time...” describes the struggle and the earnestness of those around us; i.e. family, companions, colleagues and the milieu of professionals and fellow humans who wanted and still want to improve the conditions of the nation and the world. Sorrow Behind the Smiles: Notes on a Humanitarian Journey in Iraq, Kosovo, Afghanistan and Iran. Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, Kuala Lumpur 2006. One example of the five books describing international humanitarian missions in Iraq, Kosovo, Afghanistan, Iran, Palestine (Gaza) and Indonesia (Aceh) with IMAM, Mercy Malaysia, MyCARE.  As we look to the future with this conference on how we will need to reset, refine, and reform the future of Malaysian Healthcare, we should also look back at how IMAM/PPIM contributed to the current healthcare milieu. We are blessed that 3 of our previous predecessors and presidents of IMAM/PPIM are here today with us to discuss their experiences and challenges in helming IMAM/PPIM during their time in office. We will also eagerly listen to them as we hope they will suggest to us the way forward in the challenges facing our profession and IMAM in the seemingly difficult future facing us. Please do join us in this discourse to better the future of medicine in Malaysia. International Journal of Human and Health Sciences Supplementary Issue: 2023 Page: S10-S11
Reform in Healthcare Professions
Authors: Kamarulzaman Adeeba binti , Mohd Dom Tuti Ningseh , Saad Zahrah , Musa Muhamad Yusri
Published: January 2023

Healthcare professionals has been at the main frontline in the recent COVID-19 pandemic, battling through enormous difficulties including getting infected, burn-out, mental health issues, poor resource management and we lost a significant number of colleagues worldwide. Various challenges faced by health fraternity has led to calls for reform and significant steps taken by stakeholders including the Ministry of Health, Malaysia to improve working condition of healthcare workers (HCW) with formation of multiple committees, advisory board and most importantly the Health White Paper to ensure the word class standard of our health services remains relevant, sustainable and outstanding quality. Healthcare professionals such as doctors, dentists, nurses, paramedics and allied health professionals need to keep up with the changes and foresee upcoming challenges to ensure the integrity and quality of practices for each professions is kept at highest quality. International Journal of Human and Health Sciences Supplementary Issue: 2023 Page: S12
Healthcare Professionals’ Wellbeing: Is the Job Market Really Saturated?
Authors: Kamal Mustapha
Published: January 2023

Surplus of doctors or highly unemployed doctors? Malaysia faces the challenge of answering, balancing between the two. As per reported in 2019, we have 23077 contract doctors in ‘Kementerian Kesihatan Malaysia’ (KKM) and just recently, only roughly about 4000 have been absorbed into permanent posts. Since then, private practice has blossomed with more private clinics opening like mushrooms. Diabetes, hyperlipidaemia and hypertension are on the rise. Ischemic heart disease remains as the number one pathological contributor to death. Mental health is currently crippling into our youth and our working class. Since the start of the contract system, KKM has been unable to deliver specialists as they used to, due to the change of system. Malaysia’s population is estimated to be at 32.7million according to the Department of Statistics Malaysia. With a whopping total of almost 50000 doctors in KKM as per 2019 statistics, can they face the tide? Are we overproducing doctors or underdeveloping new doctors? International Journal of Human and Health Sciences Supplementary Issue: 2023 Page: S13
Cyberbullying : How To Stay Safe on Social Media?
Authors: Mohd Haris Ahmad Firdaus
Published: January 2023

Facebook, TikTok, Instagram, Twitter. There is rarely anyone without any of these social media accounts. According to 2020 Internet User Survey by Malaysian Communications and Multimedia Commission (MCMC), 88.7% of Malaysians are internet users. Out of that number, 93.3% of users use social media extensively. Social media has enabled users to connect with family and friends. It has done wonders to small businesses to prosper. It has also empowered communities to grow and prosper. However, there is one dark side to it; CYBERBULLYNG. According to the Merriam Webster dictionary, bullying is defined as “abuse and mistreatment of someone vulnerable by someone stronger, more powerful”. Most of the time, bullying is done when a bully is in the presence of his or her victim. However, in the cyber world, bullying extends beyond the physical presence. The act of bullying can be done 24 hours a day, by anyone at any time. A victim can be harassed with harsh comments via any social media accounts and even through text messages which sometimes invade the victim’s own privacy. There is no clear guidelines and policy regarding cyberbullying. Any form of enforcement is lax due to the nature of the internet being free for all. Thus, it is imperative to empower oneself to understand how to use social media effectively to prevent from being cyberbullied and also NOT to be a cyberbully. There are also tools that can be used in each social media platform to report such cyberbullying issues and also to report to the relevant agencies such as the Royal Malaysian Police and Malaysian Communications and Multimedia Commission. International Journal of Human and Health Sciences Supplementary Issue: 2023 Page: S14
NGO Efforts and Their Role in the Junior Doctor Plight
Authors: Rashid Aneesa Abdul
Published: January 2023

Over the years, we are faced with many issues surrounding junior doctors, as they make their way into the professional working platform. To address this matter, many non-governmental organizations (NGOs) have been actively involved to improve the welfare of the fraternity.  Among one of the earliest and ongoing concerns frequently brought up is the House Officers (HO) wellbeing, which is said to be associated with high levels of stress leading to mental health problems, and sometimes leaving the medical profession altogether. In Malaysia, the number of HOs not completing training within the allocated time is slowly declining with dropout rates increasing yearly. This causes a lot of constraints on the HO, their family, sponsors, patients, and not to mention our healthcare system. There are many identified reasons for this matter, therefore, the Islamic Medical Association of Malaysia (IMAM)’s HO preparatory course was one of the pioneer courses organised to address this since its commencement in 2010. This module is frequently re-evaluated, and IMAM has actively pursued research on its effectiveness. Next, is the road crash injury among doctors in which IMAM has been involved in addressing this matter by actively seeking dialogues with stakeholders, organising campaigns, workshops and obtaining grants for research in the matter. IMAM on its own or in collaboration has consistently backed efforts to improve wellbeing of the healthcare fraternity. Other efforts include issuing press statements on concerns of unfair treatment of the contract doctors, addressing importance of mental state of doctors during the COVID 19 pandemic and reminding on the dangerous consequences of sleep deprived doctors. The NGO’s role, specifically in IMAM, apart from serving the community is also to be a voice for its members and associates for our overall safety, wellbeing, and the community we serve. International Journal of Human and Health Sciences Supplementary Issue: 2023 Page: S15
Perception of Halal Pharmaceuticals among State Hospital Outpatients in Perlis, Malaysia
Authors: Ang Wei Chern , Khadir Noorsyahiruh Abdul , Sofia Lahazir Nurfatin Amira , Baharudin Alia Hayati
Published: January 2023

Objectives: Halal pharmaceuticals have expanded globally, which is one of the elements in Shariah compliance hospitals. With the emergence of COVID-19 vaccines, the ‘Halal’ status has become a debate causing some to reject it. The aim of this study was to explore the perception of halal pharmaceuticals among hospital outpatients.  Methods: A qualitative study by in-depth interviews were conducted among adult Muslim outpatients collecting their medications. A Malay language semi-structured interview guide was prepared and underwent content trustworthiness by the State Mufti, a Malaysian pharmacy professor, two pharmacists with a special interest in Halal pharmaceuticals and two Islamic affairs officers in the Ministry of Health Malaysia. Subjects were recruited in the waiting area of the outpatient pharmacy, Hospital Tuanku Fauziah (HTF). Interview sessions were audio-recorded and transcribed verbatim. The transcripts were back-translated in English and analysed using thematic content analysis.  Results: Ten outpatients were interviewed in which data saturation was reached. Overall, the patients were proactive in observing the label to ensure they received the correct medications. However, all patients were unfamiliar and not curious about the concepts of ‘halal pharmaceuticals’ and ‘Shariah-compliant hospital’. The patients also trusted that the government would provide only the safest and halal medicines. Most patients did not prioritise halal status while choosing their medicines. However, if options were available, most would choose halal medication regardless of its price and effectiveness. They still would consent to receive non-halal treatments for life-saving conditions.  Conclusion: There was a good perception of halal pharmaceuticals among outpatients in HTF. There are many opportunities for patient education on this topic as the public is currently not familiar with the terms and halal concepts in medical settings. International Journal of Human and Health Sciences Supplementary Issue: 2023 Page: S16
A Cross-Sectional Study on Menstrual Health Practice and Needs Among Female Rohingya Residing in Malaysia: An Interim Analysis
Authors: Badrul Hisham Muhammad Aqif , Mohamed Tahir Ahmad Rashidi , Syed Hussein Al-Attas Sh Fatimah AlZahrah , Athirah Daud Nur Aizati
Published: January 2023

Objectives: Not much is known about the menstrual practices and needs among Rohingya females residing in Malaysia. This knowledge gap needs to be addressed, in line with the efforts toward family planning. The objectives of the study are to describe menstrual practices among female Rohingya and to assess whether their menstrual needs are met during their last period. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study involving Rohingya females aged 18 to 55 years old attending QFFD Clinic run by IMARET in Selayang, Selangor between April to July 2022. Menstrual practices and needs were assessed using self-administered questionnaires; the Menstrual Practices Questionnaire (MPQ) and the Menstrual Practice Needs Scale (MPNS-36), respectively.  Results: A total of 40 respondents have completed the questionnaire. Only 42.5% (n=17) of respondents have good experiences during their past menstrual cycle despite most of the respondents were able to meet their materials and home environment needs (n=27, 67.5%) and are less concerned when managing the disposal of their menstrual materials (n=25, 62.5%). Though, only 12.5% (n=5) of respondents have their transportation and school environment needs were met during their past menstrual cycle and 37.5% (n=15) of the respondents have concerns with the quality of their menstrual materials. The most common menstrual materials used by respondents at home and while away from home are disposable sanitary pads (n=35, 87.5% and n=36, 90.0% respectively). Many of the respondents prefer to dispose them inside the household rubbish bin which is inside the latrine when at home (n=36, 90.0 %) while the bin in the public latrine or toilet is used when disposing menstrual materials while away from home (n=32, 80.0%). Conclusion: Most of the female Rohingya refugees were able to practice safe and clean menstrual management. Though, some of their needs were not met, especially during transportation and away from home. It is important for non-government organizations like UNHCR to fight for their legal status in Malaysia so that they can feel safe and secure without it impacting their health negatively. International Journal of Human and Health Sciences Supplementary Issue: 2023 Page: S17
Management in MAEPS 2.0 Quarantine Centre: Burnout and Quality of Life of MOH Healthcare Workers
Authors: Khamis Noraziani , Krishnan Muniamal , Nordin Fairuz Nadiah , Shanmugam Sunita S , Shazura Indera Putera Ku Anis 
Published: January 2023

Objectives: Malaysia Agro Exposition Park Serdang, MAEPS was established as a COVID-19 Quarantine and Low-Risk Treatment Centre that was aimed to reduce the burden of hospitals. Various categories of healthcare workers (HCWs) were deployed nationwide. Being far from home and friends, working in an unfamiliar environment, and being concerned about one's own risk of COVID-19 exposure may exacerbate burnout in HCWs or affect their quality of life. Assessment on burnout and quality of life among MOH HCWs stationed at MAEPS 2.0 and the management of the healthcare workforce during the pandemic are shared. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted between September 2021 to May 2022. The Copenhagen Burnout Inventory and the World Health Organization Quality of Life questionnaire were used to assess burnout and quality of life of MOH HCWs respectively. The Checklist for the Management of Health Workers in Response to COVID-19 consisting of 8 Essential Actions was given to heads of divisions in charge to obtain their perspective. One point assigned to the intervention answered “Yes” by the majority of respondents. Cumulative marks were then converted to percentages according to each Essential Action. Results: The rate of burnout ranged between 18% to 32% among the 377 respondents.  Majority of HCWs had a good and very good perception of their quality of life and were satisfied with their overall health. There were moderate to strong correlations (r = - 0.44 - 0.67) between burnout and quality of life (p<0.001). More than half of the eight Essential Actions in the checklist scored 100%. Conclusion: Management of workers is important to ensure preparedness for response, enhance surge capacity and maintain crucial health services during the pandemic. Some HCWs experienced burnout and it relates to their quality of life. Nonetheless, MOH HCWs management at MAEPS 2.0 was managed with minimum gaps against the checklist.International Journal of Human and Health Sciences Supplementary Issue: 2023 Page: S18
The Effectiveness of Menstrual Education Module for Children and Adolescent Refugees:  A Pilot Study
Authors: Athirah Daud Nur Aizati , Badrul Hisham Muhammad Aqif , Mohamed Tahir Ahmad Rashidi , Hussein Al-Attas Sh Fatimah AlZahrah Syed
Published: January 2023

Objectives: Females across low- to middle-income countries have limited knowledge and understanding about menstruation prior to reaching menarche. One of the marginalised populations prone to this challenge is the female refugees in Malaysia. The objective of this pilot study is to evaluate the effectiveness of a menstrual health module developed for children and adolescent refugees. Methods: This is a pilot intervention study among children and adolescents aged 9 to 17 years old attending a school for refugees and stateless children located in Selayang, Selangor. A menstrual health module was developed containing basic knowledge on reproductive organs, changes during menstruation, menstruation cycle, and menstrual hygiene management. Activities were carried out during this program to engage the participants. A set of 20 quiz questions were given, pre- and post-intervention. Scores from the quiz were compared using paired T-test to evaluate the effectiveness of the module. Results: A total of 11 children participated in the program (mean age: 12.8 + 1.3 years). All of the participants are Muslims and the majority of them are Myanmar refugees (n=10, 90.9%). The majority stayed with their parents (n=9, 81.8%). About half of the participants have fathers who are without any education (n=6, 54.5%), while most of the fathers were working full time (n=9, 81.8%). The majority of the participants had a monthly household income of less than RM2500 (n=10, 90.9%). The post-intervention mean score for the quiz questions was significantly higher than the pre-intervention mean score (15.9 + 2.3 and 6.3 + 4.9 for post- and pre-intervention, respectively) (p<0.001). Conclusion: The menstrual education module was shown to be effective in increasing the knowledge of menstruation and menstrual hygiene among children and adolescent refugees. Rooms for improvements were identified for further revision of the menstrual health module.International Journal of Human and Health Sciences Supplementary Issue: 2023 Page: S19
Beyond Two Decades of Rumah Solehah: The Time for Extended Scope of Programs
Authors: Haji Abd Hamid Matron Fadzilah Bt , Hamzah Fathiiah Bt
Published: January 2023

Rumah Solehah has been handling residents in the halfway house since its inception in 1998 with various issues. Through education particularly on the mode of transmission, society has learned to accept People Living with HIV (PLHIV) to stay with them at home except for the very few. Thus, Rumah Solehah introduced other extended programs.  1. Home-Based Program: The discharged infected ladies from Rumah Solehah are assisted to adjust themselves to their family’s environment. The families are guided in issues such as compliance to medication. The ladies will come to Rumah Solehah periodically for continuation of spiritual and vocational training. During those visits, they will receive cash for their fare and kinds. The families are often reassured and counselled. 2. Tele-Counselling: PLHIV and families often call Rumah Solehah for counselling. Issues discussed vary, the recent ones becoming more chronic, calling late at night. 3. Community Education: Every month public or private universities will send their students for HIV awareness program on topics such on HIV 101. Masters and Post Basic Ministry of Health (MOH) students will be given the chance to practise their HIV counselling to our infected cases. Rumah Solehah also accepts invitations for public talks in other states. 4. Studies and Research: Several studies have been performed by university students in collaboration with UM and IIUM on issues related to women and children infected with HIV.  The current research with IIUM is for the Ministry of Health to develop programs or assistance for orphans infected with HIV. The extended programmes are very timely and cost effective. To have residents for long  period of time is expensive. Infected women and children have a better and happier life staying with their extended or adopted family with continuous follow up care, thus ensuring quality time for the cases of Rumah Solehah. International Journal of Human and Health Sciences Supplementary Issue: 2023 Page: S20
Transformation of Emergency & Trauma Department in Response to COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Mohd Zaini Nurul Nasibah , Anuar Azmir , Mun Chung Wai
Published: January 2023

Objectives: COVID-19 pandemic has caused tremendous impact on Emergency & Trauma Department (ETD) worldwide including ETD Hospital Taiping (HTPG). It is a large department with approximately 200 staff and a daily admission load that achieves an average of 250-300 patients per day, with an expected load increment during festivals and weekends. This article illustrates reorganizing strategies of ETD HTPG in setting up system and rules implementation in response to COVID-19 pandemic since the year 2020. Methods: This is a descriptive report on the transformation of dedicated facilities to cope with COVID-19 pandemic since the year 2020. Plan-DO-Check-Act (PDCA) has been implemented to improve the systems. The report is written based on the actual clinical needs, development and advancement of emergency medical services in ETD HTPG.  Results: Elimination of COVID-19 pandemic virus is impossible in the near future in a start year of 2020. Isolation has turned out to be the next crucial step in controlling the pandemic. The creation of Triage Isolation Booth (TIB) has reduced transmission risks while allowing staff to carry out their usual triage process. Three emergent clinical areas were formed in an ad-hoc manner to cater to the pandemic, namely Respiratory Zone, Influenza-Like Illness (ILI) & COVID Zone in addition to basic 3 zones of red, yellow and green. New norms, rules and regulations are adapted to all ETD staff, patients and visitors.  Conclusion: This article is meant to share our initiative and strategies in handling and managing COVID-19 cases with multiple challenges and limitations of resources in ETD HTPG. As a point of success of these strategies, we have recorded only 3 isolated positive cases among ETD staff in the year 2020. To date, the system is being practiced and revised from time to time to achieve better performance for patients’ needs. International Journal of Human and Health Sciences Supplementary Issue: 2023 Page: S21
Metastatic Breast Carcinoma with Cutaneous Metastasis and Right Pleural Effusion
Authors: Zakhi Adib
Published: January 2023

Cutaneous metastasis is when cancerous cells spread from a primary tumour to the skin. This is a case of a 75-year-old patient who developed skin metastasis with underlying primary breast. A 75-year-old lady presented with a 3-week history of the progressive appearance of multiple asymptomatic nodular lesions on the chest. Eight months earlier, she was diagnosed with right breast carcinoma and underwent neoadjuvant chemotherapy followed by a right modified radical mastectomy. She presented with progressive skin lesion over the right upper limb and anterior chest wall. She denied any fever, pain or pruritus and any preceding burn or trauma. She also completed a course of antibiotic for the lesion. Physical examinations revealed an erythematous lesion with multiple exophytic nodules. It was painless and extended from the anterior chest wall to the right upper limb. Lung auscultation revealed reduced air entry over the right upper zone. She was then referred to the Oncology Department and diagnosed with metastatic breast carcinoma with right pleural effusion and cutaneous metastases. As she was unfit for further systemic therapy, she was discharged home and continuation of supportive care. Chest radiograph revealed right upper lobe opacity and bedside ultrasound confirmed right upper lobe pleural effusion. Other investigations were unremarkable. Cutaneous metastasis accounts for 24% of breast carcinoma and may manifest as the presenting lesion or after the tumour diagnosis. The commonest manifestation is the presence of nodules in the ipsilateral chest wall to the primary tumour, their size varies, is painless and are commonly spread via lymphatic drainage. Skin biopsy helps in diagnosis confirmation. Definitive treatment depends on the management of the primary malignancy. As it may mimic benign lesions, one should be highly suspicious of skin metastasis as he might be the first person to identify the primary tumour. International Journal of Human and Health Sciences Supplementary Issue: 2023 Page: S22
The Classical 6-P of Acute Limb Ischemia
Authors: Zakhi Adib
Published: January 2023

Acute limb ischemia (ALI) is a surgical emergency and often threatens limb viability. This is a case of a 45-year-old patient who presented with the classical six Ps of ALI.  A 45-year-old lady with underlying hypertension and heart failure presented with acute right leg pain arriving by ambulance at the Emergency Department within 4 hours of the symptom.  The patient was clinically obese and seemed very uncomfortable as evidenced by her writhing in pain. She was borderline tachycardic and hypertensive. The cardiopulmonary and abdominal examinations were unremarkable. On extremity examination, she was unable to move her right leg starting from the knee caudally. The leg appeared mottling and cold. On vascular examination, there was no abdominal or femoral bruit but there was a diminished pulsation of the right femoral, dorsalis-pedis and posterior-tibialis arteries as confirmed by Doppler compared to the contralateral side. On the neurological examination, the sensation was absent and no pain upon the passive stretch. Ankle-Brachial-Systolic Index (ABSI) was 0.7. As evidenced by pain, pallor, pulselessness, poikilothermia, paralysis, and paresthesia, clinical diagnosis of acute right leg ischemia was established with most likely vascular occlusion proximal to the left femoral artery. The vascular team was urgently referred. Electrocardiogram showed sinus tachycardia. Bedside ultrasound revealed normal aortic root size and neither aortic dissection nor aneurysm. 2-point compression tests were fully compressible and X-ray films showed no fracture. Creatinine Kinase was 65 units/litre whereas other blood parameters were unremarkable. She was then classified as Rutherford IIB and underwent a right femoral thromboembolectomy.  The presentation of ALI requires rapid diagnosis and appropriate management as it is time-sensitive and limb-threatening. Emergency physicians should be aware of advances in endovascular therapies as a recommended option for the treatment of ALI. International Journal of Human and Health Sciences Supplementary Issue: 2023 Page: S23
Qualitative Exploration of Men’s Opinion on the Features of Male-Friendly Primary Health Services in Kelantan, Malaysia
Authors: Ab Aziz Muhammad Zikri , Tengku Ismail Tengku Alina , Ibrahim Mohd Ismail , Yaacob Najib Majdi , Mohd Said Zakiah
Published: January 2023

Objectives: This study explores men’s opinions on the features of male-friendly primary health services in Kelantan, Malaysia. Methods: A qualitative study using in-depth interviews was conducted among 15 men from six primary health clinics in Kelantan, Malaysia. The participants were selected using a maximum variation sampling method. An interview guide was used, and the interviews were audio-recorded. The finding was transcribed verbatim and analysed using thematic analysis techniques. Results: The age of the participants ranged from 31 to 70 years old. Their opinions on how male-friendly primary health services should be were explained under four themes:(i) meeting the men’s needs in primary health services, (ii) approaching men through effective health promotion strategies, (iii) standards of a healthcare provider from men’s viewpoint, and (iv) a comfortable physical environment for men. The participants view that health services should be efficient by providing short waiting times and high-quality services, including men’s health services. In addition, the health promotion approaches and styles should consider local men’s culture and interests and be appropriately implemented. Besides that, they expected a standard of healthcare provider’s characteristics, including commitment to work, admirable attitudes and behaviour, and professional work practices. They also expected the health clinics to have a comfortable environment to wait, discuss with the doctors, and be equipped with visitor-friendly amenities. Conclusion: Understanding the men’s opinions on the features of male-friendly primary health services would give clear and accurate information about their needs and demands in relation to this service. In addition, the identified themes and features may guide the improvement of the services and men’s engagement in the future.International Journal of Human and Health Sciences Supplementary Issue: 2023 Page: S24
Multi-Modality Treatment of Supraglottic Stenosis Secondary to Laryngeal Pemphigus: Sharing Experience in UiTM
Authors: Mat Barhan Noor Shairah , Sobani Muhammad Ariff , Mansor Masaany , Kamarudin Intan Kartika , Rahim Norazila Abdul
Published: January 2023

Supraglottic stenosis is a rare subsite of laryngotracheal stenosis. In the literature, the common causes of supraglottic stenosis are radiation therapy or autoimmune disease. We present an experience in dealing with supraglottic stenosis secondary to laryngeal pemphigus. This is a case of a 36-year-old lady with supraglottic stenosis secondary to laryngeal pemphigus. She presented to our clinic with shortness of breath and mild stridor mainly on exertion. An office-based procedure of trans-nasal scope-guided with serial intralesional steroid injections (SILSI) using single-use Olympus Injector Force Injection Needles Max 23G, was done which halted the progression of the disease. Eventually, balloon dilatation under jet ventilation was performed to widen the size of the stenosis and reduce the symptoms. Dilatation was performed using CRE PRO Wire-guided balloon dilatation catheter from size 8mm to 12mm with respective pressure applied for about 2 minutes without interruption of spontaneous breathing, oxygenation, or ventilation. Incision of stenosis segment with micro scissor was performed in between balloon dilatation and the procedure was completed with intralesional steroid injections. Upon follow-up, we noted clinical improvement of the stenosis as well as the patient’s health perception as measured by EQ-5D-5L. Patients with supraglottic stenosis usually need tracheostomy for breathing. This multimodality treatment might be required to treat supraglottic stenosis.  Endoscopic treatment can result in favourable outcomes for the patient without needing a tracheostomy. International Journal of Human and Health Sciences Supplementary Issue: 2023 Page: S25