bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
STUDI TENTANG PENGELOLAAN KEUANGAN DAERAH PERSPEKTIF PERMENDAGRI NO. 13 TAHUN 2006 PADA PEMERINTAH PROVINSI KALIMANTAN TIMUR
Authors: Mukaddas Al
Published: October 2017

Abstract This study was conducted to determine the authority on financial management of East Kalimantan, analyze the financial management, and identify the regional authority perspective of east Kalimantan as stated in the Regulation of Minister of Home Affairs No. 13 in 2006 as the embodiment of good governance. The data used in this study was in the form of qualitative data which was obtained from the government of East Kalimantan and processed by applying qualitative descriptive analysis method and investigated using explorative approach. The results showed that the process of regional budget preparation of East Kalimantan has fully reflected the aspirations of the local community, the implementation of financial management has been organized effectively and efficiently in accordance with the idea of the Supreme Audit Institution (BPK)presented in the financial statements of East Kalimantan in 2012 which obtained the qualification criteria that meet the expectations. In addition, the province inspectorate board has executed their duty to control the financial management satisfactorily where the testing accountability was completely supported by sufficient evidence and the results of the annual review of financial statements performed by Local Government Agencies (SKPD)
PENGARUH PERTUMBUHAN EKONOMI DAN INFLASI TERHADAP PENGANGGURAN TERBUKA DAN KEMISKINAN DI KOTA SAMARINDA
Authors: Amalia Siti
Published: October 2017

The purpose of this study was to determine the direct effect of economic growth and inflation against unemployment and poverty in Samarinda, to determine the direct effect of unemployment on poverty in Samarinda, and also the indirect effect of inflation on economic growth and poverty in Samarinda. Data analysis and hypothesis used in this study were path analysis method (Path Analysis Model). Based on the results of quantitative and qualitative analysis and hypothesis testing it can be generated the economic growth and inflation effect on unemployment in Samarinda. So that, government are expected to make better employment opportunities in order to reduce the number of unemployment in Samarinda.
PENILAIAN KINERJA KEUANGAN PT. BANK MUAMALAT INDONESIA, TBK DENGAN METODE ECONOMIC VALUE ADDED
Authors: Iman Fathia Ahya Nur , Widodo Arry
Published: October 2017

The purpose of this study to determine the financial performance with the use of the EVA method to the assessment of the performance of PT Bank Mualamat Indonesia Tbk in the period 2010 - 2014. The research method used is quantitative descriptive method using Economic Value Added (EVA), which is an analytical method for evaluating the performance a company to take measurements of the profits (value) economically produced by the company during the period (period of time) specific. The results show the value of Bank Muamalat EVA is negative, meaning that Bank Muamalat in the year 20102014 can not create value-added enterprise or net operating profit after taxes (NOPAT) produced by the company is not able to finance or cover all capital costs or expenses incurred. In 2014 the value of EVA Bank Muamalat increasing, although still negative.
VISKOSITAS DARAH DAN ASPEK MEDISNYA
Authors: Irawati Lili
Published: October 2017

AbstrakFaktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi viskositas darah adalah: a) Hematokrit : hematokrit yang meningkat akan diikuti viskositas darah yang meningkat. b) Suhu tubuh: bila suhu tubuh naik, viskositas turun. c) Kadar protein plasma: bila kadarnya naik maka viskositas naik dan sebaliknya. d) Kecepatan aliran darah: bila kecepatan aliran darah turun maka viskositas naik. e) Diameter pembuluh darah: bila diameter pembuluh darah kurang dari 1,5 mm, maka efek viskus jauh lebih sedikit.Aplikasi pada Hukum Poiseuille, menyatakan bahwa kecepatan aliran darah bergantung pada radius, ketika radius meningkat dua kali lipat maka kecepatan aliran darah meningkat menjadi 16 kali. Demikian juga ketika radius dibuat lebih kecil, kecepatan aliran menurun secara drastis seperti penebalan pada dinding arteri, akan menurunkan kecepatan aliran darah seperti pada angina pectoris, penyebab tersering adalah arteriosclerosis.Kata kunci : Viskositas darah, Hukum PoiseuilleAbstractThe factors affecting the blood viscosity are following: a) Haematocrit: increased haematocrit will be followed increased the blood viscosity. b) The body temperature: inclined the body temperature, viscosity decline. c) Plasma protein levels: when it levels increase then viscosity also increase and conversely. d) The rate of the blood flow: when the rate down, the viscosity up. e) The vessel diameter (sizes): when the diameter less than 1,5 mm, the viscous effect much less.The application to Poiseulle’s Law, suggest that the rate of blood depend on radius, once the radius increased twice then the rate of blood flow increased 16 times. Simiarly, once the radius is reduced, the rate of blood flow decrease dramaticaly such as the thickness on the artery vessel wall, will decrease the rate of blood flow such as angina pectoris, the most caused are arterioclerosis.Key word : blood viscosity, Poiseulle’s Law
HUBUNGAN ASUPAN DAN KADAR OMEGA-3 PLASMA DENGAN KEJADIAN HIPERTENSI PADA ETNIK MINANGKABAU DI KOTA PADANG
Authors: Sulastri Delmi
Published: October 2017

AbstrakHipertensi merupakan masalah kesehatan utama di Indonesia maupun di dunia Hampir 95% kasus hipertensi tidak diketahui penyebabnya atau disebut hipertensi esensial (HET). Pola konsumsi yang baik dan seimbang merupakan salah satu upaya pengendalikan tekanan darah. Omega-3 adalah salah satu zat gizi yang dapat menurunkan tekanan darah. Omega-3, terbukti berperan dalam mencegah beberapa penyakit kronis termasuk hipertensi.Telah dilakukan penelitian dengan desain cross sectional study untuk melihat hubungan omega-3 plasma dengan kejadian hipertensi. Penelitian dilakukan pada 130 orang yang terdiridari subjek hipertensi dan normotensi. Pengambilan sampel dengan cara sistematik random sampling dengan memperhatikan kriteria inklusi dan ekslusi. Asupan omega-3 dihitung menggunakan FFQ dan kadar omega-3 plasma diukur dengan teknik methylasi.Hasil penelitian ini adalah asupan omega-3 adalah 0,66±0,61 gram/hari, EPA 0,29 ± 0,23 gram/hari, DHA (22:6) 0,85± 0,65 gram/hari dan kelompok normotensi ALA 0,64± 0,55 gram/hari, EPA 0,27±0,15 gram/hari, DHA 21,34 ± 174,14 gram/hari. Tidak terdapat perbedaan bermakna asupan omega-3 dengan kadar omega-3 plasma antara kelompok hipertensi dengan kelompok normotensi dan tidak terdapat hubungan yang bermakna antara asupan omega-3 dan kadar omega-3 plasma dengan kejadian hipertensi.Hasil penelitian ini tidak mendukung hubungan antara omega-3 dengan kejadian hipertensiKata kunci : hipertensi, omega-3, EPA, ALA, DHAAbstractHypertension is the leading health problem in the community in Indonesia and even in certain countries all over the world. Almost 95% of hypertension cases are from unknown cause which is also known as essential hypertension (HET). Planned and balanced consumption pole is one of the efforts to control blood pressure. Omega-3 is one of the nutrients that reduce blood pressure. Omega-3 is proven to involve in preventing certain chronic disease including hypertension.A cross-sectional study carried out to identify the correlation between Omega-3 plasma and the hypertension incidence. 130 subjects were selected and dividedARTIKEL PENELITIAN122into groups of hypertension and normotension. The subjects were chosen using randomized systemic sampling method inconsideration of inclusive and exclusive criteria. Omega-3 consumption measured by FFQ and Omega-3 plasma measured using methylasi technique The study’s result shows The hypertensive’s consumption of omega-3 was 0,66±0,61 g/day, EPA 0,29 ± 0,23 g/day, DHA (22:6) 0,85± 0,65 g/day and normotension was ALA 0,64± 0,55 g/day, EPA 0,27±0,15 g/day, DHA 21,34 ± 174,14 g/day. no significant differences was found in either omega-3 consumption and Omega-3 plasma level between the hypertension and normotension groups and no significant correlation between the intake and omega-3 plasma level with the incidence of hypertension.This result didn’t support that omega-3 can influenced hypertension in subjectKey word : hypertension, omega-3, EPA, ALA, DHA
HUBUNGAN PENYAKIT GONDOK DENGAN KADAR YODIUM DALAM URIN MURID MADRASAH IBTIDAIYAH NEGERI (MIN) KORONG GADANG KECAMATAN KURANJI KOTA PADANG
Authors: Alioes Yustini
Published: October 2017

AbstrakYodium adalah komponen esensial dalam asupan makanan manusia, yang merupakan bagian dari hormone tiroid yaitu tiroksin (T4) and triiodotironin (T3). Hormon tersebut dibutuhkan untuk menjaga metabolism basal, metabolism sel, dan kesatuan jaringan tubuh. Hormone tiroid diperlukan dalam perkembangan system sarat janin dan bayi. Kekurangan asupan yodium dapat menyebabkan penyakit gondok, yaitu pembesaran kelenjar tiroid. Gondok endemic merupakan hasil dari peningkatan kerja kelenjar tiroid oleh Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH) dalam memaksimalkan penggunaan yodium yang tersedia, hal ini merupakan penyesuaian terhadap kekurangan yodium.Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui hubungan penyakit gondok dengan kadar yodium dalam urin murid Madrasah Ibtidaiyah Negeri Korong Gadang Kecamatan Kuranji Kota Padang.Telah dilakukan penelitian pada 130 murid kelas II, III, IV, V dan VI di Madrasah Ibtidaiyah Negeri (MIN) Korong Gadang Kecamatan Kuranji Kota Padang. Data tentang prestasi belajar didaptkan dari hasil ujian semester. Pertumbuhan fisik ditentukan berdasarkan berat badan dan tinggi badan.Selama penelitian ini didapatkan 80 anak (61,5%) menderita penyakit gondok. Tidak didapatkan hubungan yang bermakna antara penyakit gondok dan kadar yodium dalam urin (p>0,05). Penelitian ini juga menemukan tidak terdapat hubungan antara penyakit gondok dan pertumbuhan fisik (p>0,05).Kata Kunci : Iodium, urin, hipertiroidAbstractIodine is an essential component of human diet, which part of thyroid hormones thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3). These hormones are involved in the maintenance of metabolic rate, cellular metabolism and integrity of connective tissue. Thyroid hormones are necessary for the development of nervous system in the fetus and infant. Lack of dietary iodine is cause of goiter, an enlargement of the thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) to maximize the utilization of available iodine and thus respresents maladaption to iodine deficiency.The aim of this study was to investigate the relation between goiter with academic performance and urinary excretion iodine of children in Madrasah Ibtidaiyah Negeri (MIN) in Korong Gadang Kuranji District, Padang City.ARTIKEL PENELITIAN185A cross sectional study has been done in 130 students of the second, third, fourth, fifth, and sixth degree of Madrasah Ibtidaiyah Negeri (MIN) Korong Gadang Kecamatan Kuranji Padang City. Data of academic performance was taken from the result of study in a semester. Physical growth was determined based on weight and height.During the research, there were 80 children (65,1%) who suffered from goitre. The correlation between goitre and academic performance are unsignificant (p>0,05). This study was also found that there was no correlation between goitre and physical growth (p>0,05).Key Word : Iodine, urine, hyperthyroidism
EKTRAKSI BENDA ASING (KACANG TANAH) DI BRONKUS DENGAN BRONKOSKOP KAKU
Authors: Fitri Fachzi , Pulungan M. Rusli
Published: October 2017

AbstrakAspirasi benda asing merupakan keadaan emergensi yang memerlukan penanganan segera untuk mencegah komplikasi yang serius. Lebih dari 50% kasus aspirasi benda asing terjadi pada anak usia kurang dari 3 tahun. Aspirasi benda asing paling sering adalah kacang tanah. Diagnosis ditegakkan berdasarkan anamnesis, Pemeriksaan fisik, pemeriksaan radiologi dan bronkoskopi. Bronkoskop kaku merupakan pilihan untuk pengangkatan benda asing pada anak.Dilaporkan satu kasus benda asing tiga kacang tanah di bronkus utama kanan pada seorang anak perempuan umur 2 tahun yang berhasil diangkat dengan tindakan bronkoskopi menggunakan bronkoskop kaku.Kata kunci : Aspirasi benda asing, bronskopi, bronkoskop kaku.AbstractForeign body aspiration is an emergency condition that needs early treatment to prevent serious complication. More than 50% foreign body aspiration cases occur among children younger than 3 years. The most common aspirated item was a peanut. Diagnosis is based on anamnesis, physical examination, radiology finding and bronchoscopy. Rigid bronchoscopee is a procedure of choice for removing foreign body in children.A case foreign body (three peanuts) in the right main bronchus 2 years old girl which was successfully removed using rigid bronchoscopee was reported.Key word : Foreign body aspiration, bronchoscopy, rigid bronchoscope
KETERLAMBATAN TINDAKAN BRONKOSKOPI PADA SUSPEK BENDA ASING DI BRONKUS
Authors: Fitri Fachzi , Roza Yelvita
Published: October 2017

AbstrakAspirasi benda asing di bronkus adalah kasus emergensi THT-KL yang merupakan salah satu penyebab morbiditas dan mortalitas utama pada anak, terutama usia dibawah 3 tahun. Aspirasi benda asing yang tersering pada bayi dan anak adalah benda organik, sehingga membutuhkan penanganan yang cepat karena akan menimbulkan komplikasi serius apabila tindakannya terlambat. Keterlambatan diagnosis aspirasi benda asing dipengaruhi oleh faktor tingkat pengetahuan orang tua, ketidak tajaman diagnosis awal dan komplikasi dari benda asing di jalan nafas. Tindakan bronkoskopi tepat waktu akan menghindarkan komplikasi yang ireversibel.Dilaporkan satu kasus aspirasi benda asing biji jeruk pada seorang bayi laki-laki usia 7 bulan dengan gagal nafas akut karena keterlambatan diagnosis dan tatalaksana dan telah dilakukan bronkoskopi dalam anastesi umum dengan menggunakan bronkoskopi kaku.Kata kunci : aspirasi benda asing organik, gagal nafas akut, keterlambatan diagnosis, bronkoskopi kaku, anastesi umumAbstractForeign body aspiration in bronchus is an emergency case in ENT-HNS, representing one of the major cause of morbidity and mortality in childhood, especially in children younger than 3 years of age. The most foreign body aspirated in infant and toddler is an organic product, which can cause severe complication if the management was delay. Delayed diagnosis of foreign body aspiration was influenced by parenthal education, early misdiagnosis and complication of the foreign body. Timely bronchoscopy will prevent an irreversible complication.A case of foreign body orange seed aspiration in a boy 7 months old with acute breathing failure because of delayed diagnosis and management, the management was bronchoscopy using rigid bronchoscopy in general anesthesia.Key word : organic foreign body aspiration, acute respiratory distress, delayed diagnosis, rigid bronchoscopy, general anesthesia
MANIFESTASI ORAL DAN PENATALAKSANAAN PADA PENDERITA SINDROM STEVENS-JOHNSON
Authors: Ramayanti Sri
Published: October 2017

AbstrakSindrom Stevens-Johnson adalah bentuk penyakit mukokutan dengan tanda dan gejala sistemik yang parah berupa lesi target dengan bentuk yang tidak teratur, disertai macula, vesikel, bula, dan purpura yang tersebar luas terutama pada rangka tubuh. Sindrom Stevens-Johnson mempunyai tiga gelaja yang khas yaitu kelainan pada mata berupa konjungtivitis, kelainan pada genital berupa balanitis dan vulvovaginitis, serta kelainan oral berupa stomatitis. Diagnosis sindrom Stevens-Johnson terutama berdasarkan atas anamnesis, pemeriksaan klinis dan pemeriksaan penunjang perawatan pada penderita sindrom Stevens-Johnson lebih ditekankan pada perawatan simtomatik dan suportif karena etiologinya belum diketahui secara pasti.Kata Kunci : Sindrom Stevens-Johnson, manifestasi oral, manajemen perawatanAbstractStevens-Johnson Syndrome is a mucocutaneous disease with severe signs and symptoms of systemic form of the target lesion with an irregular shape, with the macula, vesicles, bullae, and widespread purpura, especially in the framework of the body. Stevens-Johnson syndrome have a typical three gelaja disorders of the eye such as conjunctivitis, genital abnormalities in the form of balanitis and vulvovaginitis, as well as oral abnormalities such as stomatitis. Stevens-Johnson syndrome diagnosis is mainly based on history, clinical examination and investigations treatment in patients with Stevens-Johnson syndrome were focused on symptomatic and supportive care because its etiology is not known with certainty.Key word : Stevens-Johnson syndrome, oral manifestation, treatment managementTINJAUAN PUSTAKA
EFEK HIDROTERAPI PADA PENURUNAN KADAR GULA DARAH SESAAT (KGDS) TERHADAP PENDERITA DIABETES MELITUS TIPE 2
Authors: Sy Elmatris , Afrianti Esy , Bahri Nelwati , Yuniarti Yuniarti
Published: October 2017

AbstrakHidroterapi atau terapi air putih merupakan metode perawatan danpenyembuhan dengan menggunakan air putih untuk mendapatkan manfaat terapisdalam penanganan penyakit. Diabetes Mellitus adalah salah satu penyakitdegeneratif, yang mana perlu suatu upaya untuk menekan terjadinya peningkataninsiden penyakit tersebut. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efekhidroterapi terhadap penurunan kadar gula darah sesaat pada penderita DM tipe 2.Metode penelitian ini adalah quasi eksperimen dengan pendekatan control groupdesign with pretest and posttest. dengan teknik pengambilan sampel yangdigunakan adalah non probability sampling dengan pendekatan purposivesampling. Total responden adalah 27 orang, 15 responden untuk kelompok kontroldan 12 orang kelompok intervensi. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa kurangdari separoh (40%) responden yang mengalami penurunan kadar gula darah sesaat(KGDS) setelah pemberian terapi oral, dan didapatkan semua responden (100%)mengalami penurunan KGDS setelah diberikan terapi oral dan hidroterapi. Dapatdisimpulkan bahwa Terdapat pengaruh hidroterapi pada penderita diabetes melitustipe 2 yang diberi terapi oral, ini terlihat terdapatnya perbedaan yang signifikandengan p = 0,00 (p<0,05) dari rata-rata kadar gula darah sesaat (KGDS) antarakelompok intervensi (pemberian terapi oral dan hidfroterapi) dan kelompokkontrol (hanya pemberian terapi oral).Kata kunci: Hidroterapi, kadar gula darah sesaat, dan diabetes mellitusAbstractHydrotherapy or water therapy is a method of treatment and healing withwater for get the profit therapeutic in the treatment of disease. Diabetes Mellitus isa degenerative disease, which need an effort to suppress the increased incidenceof the disease. This the aims of the research to determine the effect ofhydrotherapy to decrease blood sugar random diabetes mellitus type 2 patients.The method of this research is a quasi experimental control group design approachwith pretest and posttest. the sampling techniques used is non probabilitysampling with purposive sampling approach. Total respondent are 27 peoples, 15respondents for the control group and 12 intervention group. The results ofresearch is less than half (40%) of respondents have a decrease in content bloodsugar random (CBSR) after giving oral therapy, and all the respondents (100%)have a decrease in content blood sugar random (CBSR) after be given oral therapy202ARTIKEL PENELITIANand hydrotherapy. There is an influence of hydrotherapy to patients diabetesmellitus type 2 who was given oral therapy, it can seen have of a significantdifference with p = 0,00 (p < 0,05) in the average content blood sugar random(CBSR) between the intervention group (given hidfroterapi therapy and oraltherapy) and control group (only therapy oral).Key word : Hydrotherapy, instantaneous blood sugar levels, and diabetes mellitus203
GANGGUAN PANIK DENGAN AGORAFOBIA
Authors: Yaunin Yaslinda
Published: October 2017

AbstrakSerangan Panik ditandai dengan gejala anxietas yang berat seperti: berdebar-debar, nyeri dada, sesak nafas, tremor, pusing, merasa dingin atau panas, ada depersonalisasi atau derealisasi, gejala mencapai puncaknya dalam 10 menit. Gangguan Panik merupakan serangan panik yang berulang-ulang dengan onset cepat dan durasi sangat singkat. Karena adanya keluhan fisik berat pada waktu serangan, pasien menjadi ketakutan mereka akan mendapat serangan jantung, stroke dan lain-lain. Kadang pasien berfikir mereka akan kehilangan kontrol atau menjadi gila. Lama-lama pasien akan menghindari tempat-tempat atau situasi serangan paniknya pernah terjadi terutama tempat kegiatan sosial atau tempat yang susah untuk menyelamatkan diri, hal ini dianggap sebagai penyebab terjadinya Agorafobia. Gangguan Panik bisa disebabkan faktor biologik,genetik atau psikososial. Penatalaksanaan sebaiknya kombinasi Psikofarmaka dan Psikoterapi. Pada kasus ini seorang wanita 26 tahun datang dengan keluhan seperti serangan panik berulang sejak 6 bulan sebelumnya, yang tidak mendapat pengobatan adekuat sehingga jatuh menjadi Gangguan Panik dengan Agorafobia. Kalau dilihat etilogi sesuai teori psikososial: pasien ini mengalami cukup banyak trauma pada masa anak yaitu dengan perceraian orangtua, hidup penuh stresor bersama tante serta ibu tiri pada masa-masa sekolah. Ketika tinggal bersama ibu kandung pasien sering menyaksikan pertengkaran ibu dan bapak tirinya. Dengan pemberian Psikofarmaka yang dikombinasi dengan Psikoterapi memberi hasil yang cukup baik.Kata kunci: Serangan Panik,Gangguan Panik, AgorafobiaAbstractPanic Attack is characterized by severe anxiety symptoms: palpitation, chest pain, dyspnoe, tremor, dizziness, chills or hot, depersonalization or derealization, the symptoms reached a peak within 10 minutes. Panic Disorder is several time got Panic Att.ack with rapid onset and short very duration. Because of the physical symptoms during the attack, patient become afraid that they will have heart attack, become stroke etc.Sometimes patient think they will loss control or be crazy. By the time patient will avoid the place and situation their panic attack have occured, especially social activities or the place which escape would be formidable is thought to cause the Agoraphobia. Etilogy of Panic Disorder can be biological factors, genetic or psychosocial factors. The most effective treatments are combine pharmacotherapy and psychoterapy.In this case report a 26 years woman come with chief complain like panic attack many time since 6 moths before, cause of not get adequate treatment patient become PanicLAPORAN KASUS235Disorder with Agoraphobia. From etiology we consider psychosocial factors: patient had many psychosocial trauma since she was a child that is divorced of her parent, live with her auntie and step mother full with stressor during her schooltime, When she live with her mother, she often face the disharmony of her mother and her step father. With the combination of pharmacotherapy and psychotearpy give good result.Key word : Panic Attack, Panic Disorder. Agoraphobia.
The 1987 ISA Arrests and International Civil Society: Responses to Political Repression in Singapore
Authors: Rerceretnam Marc
Published: October 2017

The penalizing of prominent opposition figures via the Singaporean legal system has made many weary of confronting the ruling People's Action Party (PAP) government on their own turf. Unwilling to take up this challenge, some Singaporeans appear more willing to push for change overseas – beyond the clutches of the PAP government. This article will trace the development of political dissent from abroad and how such actions played a formidable role during the so-called 'Marxist' conspiracy arrests in 1987 and how such alternative political viewpoints will continue to play a large role in shaping criticism and opposition to the present repressive political climate in Singapore.
Restricting Free Speech: The Impact on Opposition Parties in Singapore
Authors: Gomez James
Published: October 2017

Although there has been a great deal of publicity surrounding the restriction of free speech with regard to opposition parties in Singapore, in real terms, the value of free speech for such parties is limited. First, defamation laws in Singapore require the opposition parties to exercise extreme caution to ensure political comments do not result in costly defamation suits or even imprisonment. Second, free speech in itself is of limited use politically for opposition parties if the content of this speech is not disseminated widely by the local media. As a result, both the fear of legal suits and the limited dissemination of content continue to restrict the potential of free speech for opposition parties in Singapore. This means the contribution of free speech activities to inter-party debate is low in Singapore, thereby undermining the fundamental role of democracy premised on fair inter-party competition.
Administrative Reform and Rule of Law in China
Authors: Keyuan Zou
Published: October 2017

Rule of Law has become popular jargon in Chinese society since its adoption in the Third Amendment to the Chinese Constitution in 1999. After the transition of the Chinese leadership from the Third Generation to the so-called Fourth Generation, a significant new document, issued in April 2004, ushered in a new era of administrative reform in China. China's pledge is to have established a rule-of-law government by 2015. This article discusses new developments and legal aspects of administrative reform and evaluates whether the rule-of-law concept has been fully endorsed in China. Finally, it presents a brief discussion on the relationship between the Chinese Communist Party and the law, which is intrinsic to the success of China's administrative reform.
Technology Transfer and Diffusion among Manufacturing Small and Medium Enterprises in Indonesia
Authors: Tambunan Tulus Tahi Hamonangan
Published: October 2017

It is evident everywhere that in manufacturing industry, levels of productivity are higher in large enterprises (LEs), including foreign-owned firms or multinational companies (MNCs), than in small and medium enterprises (SMEs), partly because the former enterprises enjoy higher levels of technological capacity. Thus, for SMES, increased productivity might be facilitated through a scaling-up of knowledge or technology. The case study of the Tegal metalworking industry in Central Java presented in this article shows that the most important channels for the diffusion of knowledge/technology among domestic manufacturing SMEs include subcontracting arrangements with foreign direct investment (FDI). However, the importance of FDI as a source of technology/knowledge varies across the differing types of domestic firms. This study also shows that government agencies are currently the largest providers of training and similar assistance for manufacturing SMEs in the country. Such programmes, however, are rendered less effective by a low level of coverage, a lack of effective evaluation and assessment, and a supply rather than a demand orientation.
China-U.S. Oil Rivalry in Africa
Authors: Hong Zhao
Published: October 2017

China is now the world’s second largest oil-consuming country after the U.S. Its global efforts to secure oil imports to meet increasing domestic demand have profound implications for international relations in the Asia-Pacific region. China’s rising oil demand and its external quest for oil have thus generated much attention. This paper looks at the possibility of China’s clash with the U.S. and other western countries’ interests in Africa as China’s overseas oil quest intensifies, and China’s perception of this impending rivalry that may lead to a disruption of the U.S. and its allies’ foreign policy and the world order.
Motorbikes against Ho Chi Minh? Or the icons of a social transformation in Vietnam
Authors: Dormeier Freire Alexandre
Published: October 2017

The motorcycle is an unavoidable item in contemporary Vietnam. Since the renovation policy (Doi Moi) in 1986, it became the most visible good of consumption. This article questions the utilitarian and symbolic use that is made by the urban populations of two major cities of the country: Hanoi and Ho Chi Minh City. This article addresses the question of the new values and social transformation within the post-socialist society in Vietnam, as seem to symbolize the social behaviours related to the use of motorbikes. Amongst others, it analyses the use of the motorcycle as a place of intimacy in a society where the State still widely shapes the private and public spaces. Actually, the motorcycle establishes a sphere of intimacy in the way people have appropriated the object in their social practice. The author also describes certain ritual phenomena associated to the use of motorcycles, such as the illegal races, which contribute to the construction of the masculine identity.
The Dominant Perspective on Terrorism and Its Implication for Social Cohesion: The Case of Singapore
Authors: Rahman Noor Aisha Abdul
Published: October 2017

This paper seeks to portray and examine the dominant understanding of terrorism

as reflected in official discourse in Singapore. It also evaluates its impact on

attempts aimed at combating terrorism's potent threat to social cohesion. It is

maintained that pervasive influence of the culturalist approach woven into the

understanding of terrorism has had the effect of thrusting into focus Islam and

certain presumptions of the identity and culture of the Muslim community of Singapore.

The dominance of this approach conditions and compounds the lack of a

more comprehensive and objective analysis of the phenomenon informed by concepts

and methodology from the social sciences. This impedes efforts at fostering

social resilience and cohesion aimed at thwarting the looming threat of terrorism.
'Glocalization' versus Notions of Decoupling: A Critical Appraisal of the Impact of Global Economics on National Economic Performance
Authors: Jakobsen Michael
Published: October 2017

Discussing modes of political and/or economic decoupling in an era of economic globalization seems almost contradictory as the dominating keywords in the latter are increasing integration, interdependency and harmonization. For example, when looking towards the political realm it seems problematic to suggest that a nation-state can opt for a withdrawal from the global community in order to nurture its domestic potential. Likewise, when looking towards the economic realm, it seems even more problematic to suggest the possibility of a national economy withdrawing from the global economy, taking an increasing internationalization of domestic markets into account. Nonetheless, there is a discourse devoted to just that, namely whether or not to decouple economically and politically from the global community. The present article explores this discourse by first taking a critical look at the concept of decoupling. It then proceeds by presenting a different approach towards the study of the relationship between the global and national level by introducing the notion of triangulation. It is argued that the relationship between economic globalization, national economics and a given societal context in which the two former are embedded, is governed by various layers of interdependency. This means that one cannot solely focus on one point in the triangle and thus decouple, so to speak, the other two in order to understand, for example, the political or economic forces at play there. According to the argument forwarded in this article, one has to take all three points in the triangle into account in order to disentangle and thus understand the complex web of interdependency among the three. To illustrate the workings of this approach, a case study of the ramifications of a newly initiated national economic development plan in Malaysia is introduced. The article ends by returning to the decoupling discourse to re-examine it in the light of the findings from the case study.
Market Orientation of SMEs in Southeast Asia: An Empirical Analysis
Authors: L. Troilo Michael
Published: October 2017

There is a growing consensus among policymakers and academics that internationalization of domestic firms will create jobs and wealth, yet relatively little is known about the incentives for small and medium enterprises (SMEs) to undertake this process. I analyze the motivations of SMEs from Vietnam, Indonesia and the Philippines to engage in exporting in the context of triangulation, which considers the impact of the global economy, national economy, and societal milieu on SMEs. I find that scarce demand in the home market is positively and significantly correlated with exporting, while favourable government incentives are less significant. Significant foreign demand and existing parent–subsidiary relationships are important explanations for SME exports from Vietnam, but not for Indonesia or the Philippines. These findings suggest that national economies are currently more important than the global economy for SME exports in Southeast Asia; my results call into question the ability of governments to encourage SMEs to internationalize via exporting.
State-Owned Enterprises in India: Restructuring and Growth
Authors: Khanna Sushil
Published: October 2017

Economic reforms in India are often hailed as the march of private enterprise, unshackled from bureaucratic control. Though it is true that the Indian growth story is led by private capital, reforms have also unleashed a resurgent public sector in the Indian economy, with a significant contribution to investment and growth in India. This article looks at the political economy of SOE reforms, their partial privatization and restructuring, with enhanced autonomy as the key factors that have shaped a more dynamic SOE sector, at least amongst those controlled by the central government. As India moved to market-based prices and incentives, and better contract enforcements, central government SOEs (CSOEs) have substantially enhanced their profitability, investments and growth. As far as manufacturing SOEs are concerned, their profitability and efficiency is superior to private firms, while the performance of CSOEs in services has been rather poor.
A Note on the 18th Party Congress of the CCP: Personnel Changes and Factional Alliances
Authors: Brødsgaard Kjeld Erik
Published: October 2017

The 18th Party Congress was more dramatic than anticipated due to the completely non-transparent process of selecting new leaders as well as a number of scandals involving leaders competing for the top posts. This contrasts with 2002 when Hu Jintao became secretary general in a comprehensive change of power that took place without much drama.
Immigration and the National Narrative: Rethinking Corporatism in Singapore
Authors: Vasu Norman , Cheong Damien D.
Published: October 2017

This article argues that the corporatist narrative of governance in Singapore is losing narrative rationality due primarily to large-scale immigration to Singapore. The real or perceived threat from such immigrants has galvanized Singaporeans

from different ethnic groups such that a strong Singaporean identity has emerged. As a result, the once strict artificial differences required for the corporatist narrative to be believable, that is, its narrative rationality, are being gradually eroded. The People's Action Party (PAP) will have to either repair the narrative rationality of corporatism or develop an alternative one that is more relevant in order to continue its narrative dominance of the political space in Singapore.
Rural Financial Reform in China: Progress Made and the Path Forward
Authors: Feng Xingyuan , He Guangwen , Ljungwall Christer
Published: October 2017

Significant progress has been made in reforming China's rural financial system. Nevertheless, the current institutions are unable to meet the multilayered and diversified demands for rural financial services. Establishing a comprehensive and efficient rural credit system to support the dynamic

commercial sector of the rural economy, small-scale farming and small and medium-size enterprises is the major challenge in China. This article identifies bottlenecks and suggests policies to develop a well-functioning and sustainable agricultural and rural financial system that would address the diverse needs of the rural and agriculture sectors. To preview the policy recommendations, attention should be given first to legislation and supervision, and then to the corporate governance structure of financial institutions.
The Gradual Encroachment of an Idea: Large Enterprise Groups in China
Authors: Eaton Sarah
Published: October 2017

This article illuminates the ideational foundations of China's 'large enterprise strategy', an early experiment in China's efforts to employ industrial policy to cultivate a group of state-controlled business groups. Based on archival research, the author argues that Chinese policymakers believed the development of state-owned large enterprises would bring several kinds of benefits, both economic and political. Drawing eclectically from Marxian economics and the history of capitalist development in East Asia, they argued that large enterprises could serve as both engines of domestic development and as safeguards and vanguards in the context of China's re-entry to the global marketplace. These enterprise groups were also seen as key elements in a market-conforming model of state control that senior officials began to envision and plan for as early as the late 1980s. The archival documents also shed light on internal debate in the 1980s and 1990s about the pros and cons of promoting monopolies, the substance of which anticipates much of the current heated discussion about China's 'monopoly industries' (longduan hangye垄断行业).
Evaluation and Analysis of Administrative Monopoly in China's Oil Industry
Authors: Yan Gao , Pu Qian
Published: October 2017

China's oil and petrochemical industry is under administrative monopoly. Administrative monopoly, according to the Unirule Institute of Economics, refers to trade monopoly from concessions granted and the monopolistic power conferred by administrative departments through administrative documents on business entities—enterprises or administrative institutions that are also engaged in profit-making activities. Administrative monopolies come in various forms, including barriers to entry, special privileges and price regulation, which lead to multi-level monopolistic powers and status. The administrative monopoly in China's oil and petrochemical industry has evolved from the previous planned economy. Although the central government has the motivation to reform state-owned enterprises to increase revenue, which has been mainly from taxation, it lacks the impetus to break the administrative monopoly. This article shows that the barriers to entry form high monopoly prices and transfer the consumer surplus into business profit, which is unfair and distorts income allocation. After analysing the forms and origins of administrative monopoly in China's oil and petrochemical industry, the article demonstrates that administrative monopoly causes distorted factor prices, compromises fair trade, reduces efficiency and causes loss of social welfare and degradation of business ethics. This article also proposes judicial, administrative and market-oriented reform solutions
From 17th to 18th Party Congress: Implications for Intra-Party Democracy
Authors: Gang Chen
Published: October 2017

Growing intra-party pluralism and intensified factional rivalry have pressured the leadership of the Communist Party of China (CPC) to adjust the authoritarian official-selection system by resorting to an 'intra-Party democracy' mechanism based on informal polls among influential party officials and retirees. The progress, albeit slow and opaque since the 17th Party Congress in 2007, is increasingly seen as the CPC's only solution to intensified factional rivalry at various levels and the decline of legitimacy associated with the corrupt and inept officialdom. With backroom straw polls setting new norms for the CPC to settle factional infighting over power transfer at the 18th Party Congress, this intra-party democracy procedure has been gradually routinized at both the central and local levels to make the appointment process more consultative and to fend off democratic outcries from the public. In the past few years, cautious but substantial experiments with contested polls have been introduced by CPC's organizational departments to the monolithic political system, in which key party/government officials are facing increasingly competitive voting tests before they can be promoted to higher levels.
The Fourth Plenum of the CPC Makes an Important Decision on Law Reform in China
Authors: Brødsgaard Kjeld Erik , Grünberg Nis
Published: October 2017

During the Fourth Plenary Session of the 13th Communist Party of China (CPC) Congress, a new and important reform document was adopted. Announcing reforms mainly in the juridical sector, the 'Decision of the CPC Central Committee Concerning Some Major Questions in Comprehensively Moving Governing the Country According to the Law Forward' is part of the overall reform package kicked off at the Third Plenum last year. This article points out the document's main objectives, and provides a preliminary analysis of the announced reforms. Three main themes are identified. First, the document is part of the overall goal of developing a special Chinese system of 'socialism with Chinese characteristics'. Second, not only institutions but also the minds and work styles of officials are to be reformed. Third, the document strongly affirms the CPC's role as the legal guardian of the reform process, as well as juridical matters.
Hydropower and End-Use Electrical Efficiency in China: State Support and Potential Contribution to Low-Carbon Development
Authors: Magee Darrin
Published: October 2017

This article examines Chinese state support for two 'new energies'—large hydropower and end-use efficiency—that aims to help meet ambitious national targets for renewable energy and emissions reduction. Large hydropower, while not particularly new, figures prominently in China's renewable energy targets and is considered key to achieving renewable output and carbon reduction goals. National policies promote widespread development of Gigawatt-scale hydropower cascades on China's major rivers, even though the negative impacts are significant and the operating capacities of large dams are often low. On transboundary rivers, China's dam development raises concerns downstream.

Increasing the end-use efficiency of electricity represents a more subtle approach that holds great promise for managing demand and potentially curbing new supply. China's National Development and Reform Commission (NDRC) has overseen experimentation with utility-scale 'efficiency power plants' that free up inefficiently-used electricity, resulting in greater power availability on the grid. A study by NDRC's Energy Research Institute (ERI) estimated that a high penetration rate of LED lighting by 2020, once China completes its phase-out of incandescent bulbs, would alone save as much electricity annually as the Three Gorges Dam produces. This article demonstrates the potential for an efficiency-led approach to meeting China's electricity needs.
Region Construction: The Dynamics of Cross-Level Networking in East Asia
Authors: Guan Benny Teh Cheng
Published: October 2017

This article seeks to explore the dynamics of region construction in East

Asia, through both formal regional institutions and informal regionalization

processes. Regionalism, particularly in Southeast and East Asia, is often

explained as a formal regionalist project. ASEAN serves as a prime example

but many other intra-regional processes, such as the ASEAN plus Three, the

East Asia Summit and the ASEAN Regional Forum, are also cases in point.

These processes, representing state actors, do not necessarily work in autonomous

spaces and discrete spheres, but rather interact with non-state entities

through multi-level networking. This networking provides opportunities for

the development of either 'positive' or 'negative' regionalism. As such, this

article looks at the interplay of cross-level actor-networks and how they affect

the direction and scope of regionalization in East Asia. It aims to show the

dynamic interplay of multiple regional actors that can consciously or unconsciously

contribute to the strengthening or weakening of region construction.
Fei Xiaotong's Comparative Theory of Chinese Culture: Its Relevance for Contemporary Cross-disciplinary Research on Chinese 'Collectivism'
Authors: Herrmann-Pillath Carsten
Published: October 2017

This article argues in favour of the triangulation of emic and etic methods in the comparative study of culture, taking China as a case. Starting from an indig-enous theory of cultural comparisons, Fei Xiaotong's concepts of 'group pattern' (tuanti geju) versus 'differential pattern' (chaxu geju), I review the contemporary literature on 'collectivism' in social psychology and management sciences. The article shows that Fei anticipated major revisions of this concept, resulting into a multi-aspectual approach that distinguishes 'individualism', 'collectivism', 'vertical/horizontal relations' and 'relational/categorial embeddedness'. In this frame, Fei's characterisation of Chinese culture can be restated in terms of the aspects of 'individualism', 'relational embeddedness' and 'verticality'. I argue that Fei's anticipation of modern research may be rooted in a feedback of culture-bound cognition to theory formation. Taking Chinese networks and Chinese popular religion as examples, the validity of this approach is further conﬁrmed.
Bicultural Resourcefulness in Global Management: From Education to Corporate Collaboration
Authors: Clausen Lisbeth , Keita Maria Hvass
Published: October 2017

Biculturals are increasingly viewed as a resource in global business. They are effective in multicultural teams, they are great boundary spanners between corporate headquarters and their subsidiaries, and their abilities are acknowl-edged in cross-cultural leadership. This article aims to generate typologies that will help global businesses gain a clearer understanding of the competences that biculturals can offer them. This study explores biculturalism in two set-tings: business education and global corporations. What unique skills and abilities allow biculturals to take advantage of knowledge from two or more cultures? Do they perceive their skills as resources? And how does corporate experience harness bicultural competences? Surprisingly, this study showed that the bicultural students were not aware of their strengths and advantages. In contrast, the corporate study provided ample evidence of how bicultural abilities were acknowledged and leveraged in international business, once bilculturals were established in the workplace. This article presents a theoreti-cal matrix of bicultural competences, based on the concepts of frame switch-ing and meta-cognition. The matrix categories are: 1) bicultural dissonance, 2) bicultural thinking, 3) bicultural action and 4) bicultural competence.
The Impact of Proximity on Resistance to Foreign Ventures: The Cases of India and Japan
Authors: Baron Marie-Laure , Capo Claire
Published: October 2017

Over the years, a body of literature has developed that consistently shows how the liability of foreignness affects MNCs' performance. Institutional distance − regulatory, normative and cognitive − between the incomer and insiders has been identified as the likely source of the highest cost in doing business abroad. In this article, we draw on the existing literature but take the opposite perspective, looking instead at how various dimensions of proximity between local players increase MNC distance and foster local resistance. The study investigates two contexts and cases, India and Japan, at the time of foreign retailer entry and analyses the interplay between local proximity and local resistance. The analysis presents four dimensions of proximity, namely spatial proximity, relational proximity, identity proximity and inter-organizational proximity, which present the stiffest challenges to foreign retail ventures entering markets as newcomers.