bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Skriveverkstedet - om design og iscenesettelse av litterasitetsmiljøer for unge tegnmakeres skrivelek i lys av a/r/tografisk metodologi
Authors: Solveig Åsgard Bendiksen
Published: August 2019

Artikkelen gir innblikk i den performative og a/r/tografiske tenkningen som lå til grunn for design og iscenesettelse av litterasitetsmiljøer for unge tegnmakeres skrivelek i forskningsprosjektet «Are You Experienced?» (2010-14). A/r/tografisk metodologi bruker erfaringer og arbeidsmåter fra kunstnerens (artist), forskerens (researcher) og lærerens (teacher) beslektede perspektiver (heretter: artografi). Perspektivene åpnet for å tilby skrivelek i verkstedmiljøer hvor et bredt utvalg av displays og håndverktøy med ulikt risikopotensial sto til rådighet. Det brede tilbudet åpnet for eksterne ressurspersoner, slik at barna kunne utforske sine former for skrift gjennom kunst og kultur som speilet samfunnets mangfoldighet i ulike tidsperioder. Artikkelen analyserer prosjektets design- og iscenesettelsesprosess gjennom tre produkter: en prosjektmodell overførbar til barnehagefeltet, en tverrestetisk kunstformidlingssekvens, og narrative vignetter og videolenker der skrivelekens hendelser peker på den tidlige litterasiteten mulighetsrikdom.
Environmental Movement and the Conservation of Forest: A Case Study on Ratargul Swamp Forest of Sylhet, Bangladesh
Authors: Jahan Kazi Moriom , Zakaria Afm
Published: August 2019

Aims: The aim of this paper is to explore and analyze the scope and nature of the environmental movement that may shape the existing management.

Study Design: This paper is a qualitative study and based on empirical research. It focuses on the impact of environmental movements around Ratargul Swamp Forest

Place and Duration of Study: This research was done around the Ratargul Swamp Forest located in on Sylhet district of Bangladesh. The study period was from January 2016 to November 2017.

Methodology: For the primary data collection, 47 respondents were selected by using purposive sampling on the basis of their level of involvement. Data was collected from local people, environmental groups and the forest department. Data collection methods were key informant interview, in-depth interview, case study, focus group discussion and archival research.

Results: People of Ratargul village are now more aware of the harmful activities of uncontrolled tourism while the Forest Department brings new management policies and practices in response to the local and civil pressure. It is also found that the Climate Resilient Ecosystem Livelihoods (CREL) project in Bangladesh actually works to negate the strength of the environmental movement rather than as a conservation proponent. The Forest Department is successful to implement their projects due to a lack of coordination between local activists. According to the respondents, 31.1% mark this movement as successful, 23.4% opine as completely failure and while remaining 44.4% thinks that it is partially successful.

Conclusion: A strong, integrated, coordinated and organized form of resistance or movement is needed to break up the hegemony of Forest Department that may save the Ratargul Swamp Forest from ongoing damage.
Safety and Efficacy Profile of CSE-1034 as a Prolonged De-escalation Therapy in Prosthetic Joint Infection: A Case Report
Authors: Sathe Prachee , Mandale Pankaj
Published: August 2019

Background: Although rare, infection is considered to be most dreadful of the prosthetic related complications resulting in repeated surgical intervention, extended hospitalization or sometimes in loss of implant or permanent disability if not treated promptly. Poor treatment outcome associated with prosthetic joint infections (PJIs) could be partly attributed to rise in anti-microbial resistance among the causative agents.

Case Presentation: This is a first reported case of ceftriaxone + sulbactam + ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (CSE 1034) being used as an de-escalation therapy for more than 24 days with good safety and efficacy outcome in a 78 year male patient with PJI associated with hip replacement surgery, treated initially with meropenem and colistin followed by prolonged de-escalation therapy (24 days).

Conclusions: In clinically complicated cases of deep infections where prolonged use of last resort antibiotics is used, CSE-1034 can be considered as a safe, efficacious and economical de-escalating antibiotic to complete the treatment course and prevent recurrence of infection, especially in PJI.
Case Report: The Effect of Pentazocine Abuse in a Female Sickle Cell Disease Patient in Calabar, South-south, Nigeria
Authors: Kingsley Akaba , Ofonime Essien , Bassey Bassey O. , Eberechi Onyeulor , Ekang Edidiong , Akaba Edakabasi , Adaobi Dike , Godwin Omini
Published: August 2019

Background: Pentazocine is a synthetic opioid analgesic with mixed receptor activities. It acts as a partial agonist at the µ-receptor as well as being a kappa agonist. Its analgesic effect is estimated to be about 25-50% greater than that of morphine. Pentazocine acts has a short onset of action which occur about 10-20 minutes after administration and could last 2-4hours.

Aim: The study was aimed at further awakening the consciousness of this growing menace among people living with sickle cell disease as well as proffering solutions to curtail this increasing peril.  

Presentation of Case: A 36 years old Nigerian female with three years history of excessive use of parenteral pentazocine on account of sickle cell bone pain crisis. She commenced self-administration after exposure by a private hospital on account of bone pain crisis where other analgesic fails to give her the necessary relieve. Hence, the beginning of her dependency.  She started with two ampules daily and later increased to 20 ampules on the account of this, patient was said to have developed cutaneous and musculoskeletal complication. A diagnosis of pentazocine addiction in a SCD patient was made, she was admitted and jointly managed by a Psychiatrist, Phychologist, Haematologist and Plastic Surgeon. We hereby advocate for effective legislation, orientation and reorientation of health workers and the society at large about the risks and complication of parenteral pentazocine abuse. This menace can possibly be curtailed if oral formulation is made available and less addictive medications are used.  

Conclusion: Analgesics that are less addictive should be administered after examining the nature of pain before furtherance to stronger analgesic which could predispose to addiction.
Experimental Determination of Panel Generation Factor for Apo Area of Federal Capital Territory in Nigeria
Authors: Onwuzuruike Jessica A. , Aminu Maruf A.
Published: August 2019

The nature of renewable energy resources makes it necessary to perform site-specific resource assessment in order to achieve fairly accurate estimate of energy harvest so as to meet requirements of energy consumption and storage. Available design tools are based largely on remote modeling and estimation of site’s resource potentials. These design tools provide analytical value of the panel generation factor which may not represent the true value. The panel generation factor is used for design of solar photovoltaic systems. This paper reports on the panel generation factor obtained from experimental determination of its value for Apo Area of the Federal Capital Territory in Nigeria. The value of the panel generation factor obtained experimentally for Apo Area is 3.625. The panel generation factor reported in literature for tropical climate of Apo is 3.596. The value obtained for the experimentally determined panel generation factor represents a deviation of 0.88% in comparison with the value reported in literature, validating the value obtained experimentally. The site-specific requirement of renewable energy deployment is indicative of the usefulness of this experimentally determined panel generation factor.
Analyzing the Determinants of Tourists’ Buying Behaviour in Sri Lanka: With Special Reference to Tourism Destinations in Down South of Sri Lanka
Authors: Deyshappriya N. P. Ravindra , Idroos A. A. , Sammani U. G. O.
Published: August 2019

Aims: This study models tourists’ buying behavior in Sri Lanka analyzing key determinants of tourists’ buying behavior along with demographic characteristics of the tourists. The study focuses on how Marketing Mix Factors, Situational Factors and Personal Factors and other demographic factors affect tourist buying behavior in three tourist destinations in Down-South of Sri Lanka.

Methodology: Data were collected from 500 tourists who visited three main tourist destinations such as Hikkaduwa, Unawatuna and Mirissa located in Down-South of Sri Lanka. Both descriptive and econometric analyses were employed to accomplish the objectives of the study.

Results: The results of the descriptive analysis suggest that most of the tourists were from countries such as Russia, Germany and United Kingdom and their main purpose of the visits were recreation and leisure followed by education and health. Moreover, the respondents stayed 20 days on average in Down-South. However, it was observed that tourists’ spending per day is significantly low and more than 69% of the tourists spent less than 100$ per day. The econometric findings emphasize that all three key determinants of consumer buying behaviour– marketing mix factors, situational factors and personal factors positively affect the tourists’ buying behavior. Apart from that, personal factors have been recognized as the most influential factor of tourists’ buying behavior in the context of Sri Lanka. Furthermore, demographic characteristics of tourists such as gender, marital status, education level and employment status also affect tourist buying behavior.

Conclusion: Hence, appropriate policies are required to enhance the quality of all indicators of the marketing mix, situational factors and personal factors in order to increase tourists’ buying behavior. Similarly, the current study also recommends the implementation of efficient policies to ensure security, cultural harmony and political stability in order to uplift tourists’ buying behavior pattern.
Tissue Tapes—Phenolic Hyaluronic Acid Hydrogel Patches for Off‐the‐Shelf Therapy
Authors: Shin Jisoo , Choi Soojeong , Kim Jung Hyun , Cho Jung Ho , Jin Yoonhee , Kim Suran , Min Sungjin , Kim Su Kyeom , Choi Donghoon , Cho Seung‐Woo
Published: September 2019

Hydrogels have been applied to improve stem cell therapy and drug delivery, but current hydrogel‐based delivery methods are inefficient in clinical settings due to difficulty in handling and treatment processes, and low off‐the‐shelf availability. To overcome these limitations, an adhesive hyaluronic acid (HA) hydrogel patch is developed that acts as a ready‐to‐use tissue tape for therapeutic application. The HA hydrogel patches functionalized with phenolic moieties (e.g., catechol, pyrogallol) exhibit stronger tissue adhesiveness, greater elastic modulus, and increased off‐the‐shelf availability, compared with their bulk solution gel form. With this strategy, stem cells are efficiently engrafted onto beating ischemic hearts without injection, resulting in enhanced angiogenesis in ischemic regions and improving cardiac functions. HA hydrogel patches facilitate the in vivo engraftment of stem cell–derived organoids. The off‐the‐shelf availability of the hydrogel patch is also demonstrated as a drug‐loaded ready‐made tissue tape for topical drug delivery to promote wound healing. Importantly, the applicability of the cross‐linker‐free HA patch is validated for therapeutic cell and drug delivery. The study suggests that bioinspired phenolic adhesive hydrogel patches can provide an innovative method for simple but highly effective cell and drug delivery, increasing the off‐the‐shelf availability—a critically important component for translation to clinical settings.
Anhydride‐Assisted Spontaneous Room Temperature Sintering of Printed Bioresorbable Electronics
Authors: Li Jiameng , Xu Hang , Zhang Zian , Hao Yafeng , Wang Hanjie , Huang Xian
Published: September 2019

Bioresorbable electronic devices are promising replacements for conventional build‐to‐last electronics in implantable biomedical systems and consumer electronics. However, bioresorbable devices are typically achieved by complex complementary metal oxide semiconductor fabrication processes that minimize exposure to humidity. Emerging printable techniques for bioresorbable electronics demand further improvement in electrical conductivity and mechanical robustness. This paper presents a room‐temperature spontaneous sintering method of bioresorbable inks that contain zinc nanoparticles and anhydride. The entire process can be conducted in atmosphere environment under 90% humidity within 300 min. It has minimum requirement for external heating and special ambient conditions, allowing humidity to trigger the surface chemistry of zinc nanoparticles and spontaneous welding between neighboring nanoparticles. The resulting bioresorbable patterns are highly conductive (σ = 72 400 S m−1) and mechanically robust (>1500 bending cycles) to enable practical applications. A radio circuit achieved through the above method can operate stably over 14 days in air and disappear in water for less than 30 min. The spontaneous room‐temperature sintering represents a rapid and energy‐efficient approach to achieve high‐performance bioresorbable electronics with improved mechanical robustness and electrical performance, leading to broader impacts in the areas of healthcare, information security, and consumer electronics.
3D Hierarchical ZnIn2S4 Nanosheets with Rich Zn Vacancies Boosting Photocatalytic CO2 Reduction
Authors: He Yiqiang , Rao Heng , Song Kepeng , Li Jixin , Yu Ying , Lou Yue , Li Chunguang , Han Yu , Shi Zhan , Feng Shouhua
Published: September 2019

Zinc vacancy (VZn) is successfully introduced into 3D hierarchical ZnIn2S4 (3D‐ZIS). The photo‐electrochemical experiments demonstrate that the charge separation and carrier transfer are more efficient in the 3D‐ZIS with rich VZn. Of note, for the first time, it is found that VZn can decrease the carrier transport activation energy (CTAE), from 1.14 eV for Bulk‐ZIS (Bulk ZnIn2S4) to 0.93 eV for 3D‐ZIS, which may provide a feasible platform for further understanding the mechanism of photocatalytic CO2 reduction. In situ Fourier transform infrared (FT‐IR) results reveal that the presence of rich VZn ensures CO2 chemical activation, promoting single‐electron reduction of CO2 to CO2−. In addition, in situ FT‐IR and CO2 temperature programmed desorption results show that VZn can promote the formation of surface hydroxyl. To the best of current knowledge, there are no reports on the photoreduction of CO2 simply by virtue of 3D‐ZIS with VZn and few literature reports on the photocatalytic reduction of CO2 concerned with CTAE. Additionally, this work finds that surface hydroxyl may play a crucial role in the process of CO2 photoreduction. The work may provide some novel ways to ameliorate solar energy conversion performance and a better understanding of photoreaction mechanisms.
Condensation Induced Delamination of Nanoscale Hydrophobic Films
Authors: Ma Jingcheng , Cha Hyeongyun , Kim Moon‐Kyung , Cahill David G. , Miljkovic Nenad
Published: September 2019

Vapor condensation is a crucial phenomenon governing the efficiency of many processes. In particular, dropwise condensation on hydrophobic thin films (≈100 nm‐thick) has the potential to achieve remarkable heat transfer. However, the lack of durability of these thin films has limited applications for a century. Although degradation due to steam condensation has been described as “blistering,” no satisfactory insight exists capable of elucidating the driving force for film delamination. Here, it is shown that nanoscale pinholes in hydrophobic films are the source of blister formation. By creating artificial pinholes via nanoindentation on thin (30 to 500 nm‐thick) fluorinated hydrophobic films, it is demostrated that water blisters can be initiated at the pinholes during condensation. It is experimentally demonstrated that vapor is transferred to the blister through the nanoscale pinhole, and the driving force for delamination is capillary pressure generated at the pinhole by the pinned liquid–vapor interface. The techniques and insights presented here will inform future work on polymeric thin film and enable their durable design for a variety of applications.
Advanced Materials for Zinc‐Based Flow Battery: Development and Challenge
Authors: Yuan Zhizhang , Yin Yanbin , Xie Congxin , Zhang Huamin , Yao Yan , Li Xianfeng
Published: September 2019

Zinc‐based flow batteries (ZFBs) are well suitable for stationary energy storage applications because of their high energy density and low‐cost advantages. Nevertheless, their wide application is still confronted with challenges, which are mainly from advanced materials. Therefore, research on advanced materials for ZFBs in terms of electrodes, membranes, and electrolytes as well as their chemistries are of the utmost importance. Herein, the focus is on the scientific understandings of the fundamental design of these advanced materials and their chemistries in relation to the battery performance. The principles of using different materials in different ZFB technologies, the functions and structure of the materials, and further material improvements are discussed in detail. Finally, the challenges and prospects of ZFBs are summarized as well. This review provides valuable instruction on how to design and develop new materials as well as new chemistries for ZFBs.
Fine Multi‐Phase Alignments in 2D Perovskite Solar Cells with Efficiency over 17% via Slow Post‐Annealing
Authors: Wu Guangbao , Li Xing , Zhou Jiyu , Zhang Jianqi , Zhang Xuning , Leng Xuanye , Wang Peijun , Chen Ming , Zhang Dongyang , Zhao Kui , Liu Shengzhong (Frank) , Zhou Huiqiong , Zhang Yuan
Published: September 2019

Layered Ruddlesden–Popper (RP) phase (2D) halide perovskites have attracted tremendous attention due to the wide tunability on their optoelectronic properties and excellent robustness in photovoltaic devices. However, charge extraction/transport and ultimate power conversion efficiency (PCE) in 2D perovskite solar cells (PSCs) are still limited by the non‐eliminable quantum well effect. Here, a slow post‐annealing (SPA) process is proposed for BA2MA3Pb4I13 (n = 4) 2D PSCs by which a champion PCE of 17.26% is achieved with simultaneously enhanced open‐circuit voltage, short‐circuit current, and fill factor. Investigation with optical spectroscopy coupled with structural analyses indicates that enhanced crystal orientation and favorable alignment on the multiple perovskite phases (from the 2D phase near bottom to quasi‐3D phase near top regions) is obtained with SPA treatment, which promotes carrier transport/extraction and suppresses Shockley–Read–Hall charge recombination in the solar cell. As far as it is known, the reported PCE is so far the highest efficiency in RP phase 2D PSCs based on butylamine (BA) spacers (n = 4). The SPA‐processed devices exhibit a satisfactory stability with <4.5% degradation after 2000 h under N2 environment without encapsulation. The demonstrated process strategy offers a promising route to push forward the performance in 2D PSCs toward realistic photovoltaic applications.
Enhanced Nonlinear Yield from Barium Titanate Metasurface Down to the Near Ultraviolet
Authors: Timpu Flavia , Reig Escalé Marc , Timofeeva Maria , Strkalj Nives , Trassin Morgan , Fiebig Manfred , Grange Rachel
Published: September 2019

Metasurfaces are artificial nanopatterned 2D architectures that can offer a solution to the bottleneck problem of bulky optical elements. They have the ability of wavefront shaping and light sub‐wavelength manipulation because they are formed of resonantly scattering elements. Recently, the properties of metasurfaces gained interest for nonlinear optics in the efforts to miniaturize nonlinear optical devices while maintaining high photon–photon interactions. Herein, a new type of nonlinear metasurface based on the metal oxide barium titanate is developed, which demonstrates an efficient nonlinear optical response over a broad spectral range, from near‐ultraviolet to the visible range, where metals and semiconductors typically have losses. Contrary to previously demonstrated nonlinear plasmonic metasurfaces, these dielectric metasurfaces are less sensitive to surface roughness and gain their optical nonlinearity from the noncentrosymmetric crystal structure of the ferroelectric barium titanate.
Data‐Driven Materials Science: Status, Challenges, and Perspectives
Authors: Himanen Lauri , Geurts Amber , Foster Adam Stuart , Rinke Patrick
Published: September 2019

Data‐driven science is heralded as a new paradigm in materials science. In this field, data is the new resource, and knowledge is extracted from materials datasets that are too big or complex for traditional human reasoning—typically with the intent to discover new or improved materials or materials phenomena. Multiple factors, including the open science movement, national funding, and progress in information technology, have fueled its development. Such related tools as materials databases, machine learning, and high‐throughput methods are now established as parts of the materials research toolset. However, there are a variety of challenges that impede progress in data‐driven materials science: data veracity, integration of experimental and computational data, data longevity, standardization, and the gap between industrial interests and academic efforts. In this perspective article, the historical development and current state of data‐driven materials science, building from the early evolution of open science to the rapid expansion of materials data infrastructures are discussed. Key successes and challenges so far are also reviewed, providing a perspective on the future development of the field.
A rare case of Reye's syndrome induced by influenza A virus with use of ibuprofen in an adult
Authors: Hongo Takashi , Momoki Noriya , Mae Souichiro , Nozaki Satoshi , Takahashi Kenji , Fujiwara Toshifumi
Published: September 2019

Background

Reye's syndrome (RS) is a rare but severe acute life‐threating disease characterized by encephalopathy and fatty liver damage. Reye's syndrome is most common in children and rarely occurs in adults.

Case presentation

A 56‐year‐old woman was admitted to the emergency department with disturbance of consciousness and respiratory failure. She had taken ibuprofen for headache. Her Glasgow Coma Scale score was E3V3M5 on admission. The laboratory findings revealed acute liver failure with prothrombin time – international normalized ratio of 3.16, aspartate aminotransferase 12,548 IU/L, alanine aminotransferase 5,725 IU/L, and blood ammonia 102 μg/dL. Head magnetic resonance imaging showed hyperintense signals on diffusion‐weighed images of globus pallidus.

We diagnosed the patient with RS induced by influenza A and use of ibuprofen. The patient received supportive care in the intensive care unit and her clinical outcome was favorable.

Conclusion

Ibuprofen might be a risk factor for RS.
The Power of Iodane‐Guided C−H Coupling: A Group‐Transfer Strategy in Which a Halogen Works for Its Money
Authors: Chen Wei W. , Cuenca Ana B. , Shafir Alexandr
Published: September 2019

Hypervalent organoiodane reagents are ubiquitous in organic synthesis, both as oxidants and as electrophilic group‐transfer agents. In addition to these hallmark applications, a complementary strategy is gaining momentum that exploits the ability of λ3‐iodanes to undergo iodine‐to‐arene group transfer, for example, via iodonio‐Claisen‐type rearrangement processes. This Minireview discusses recent advances in the use of this method to access a variety of the C−H‐functionalized iodoarenes. While Section 2 is focused on the ortho C−H propargylation, allylation, and the more unusual para C−H benzylation, Section 3 is devoted to the C‐arylation of enol and phenol substrates. The accompanying discussion includes mechanistic considerations and goes into the synthetic applications of the final iodoarene cores. The Minireview concludes with further conceptual extensions of the method, including the use of non‐conventional coupling partners (for example, cyanoalkylation), improved access to λ3‐iodane building blocks, and the development of iterative approaches to polysubstituted iodoarenes.
Surface‐Electron Coupling for Efficient Hydrogen Evolution
Authors: Fu Weiwei , Wang Yanwei , Hu Jisong , Zhang Huijuan , Luo Ping , Sun Fang , Ma Xinguo , Huang Zhengyong , Li Jian , Guo Zaiping , Wang Yu
Published: September 2019

Maximizing the activity of materials towards the alkaline hydrogen evolution reaction while maintaining their structural stability under realistic working conditions remains an area of active research. Herein, we report the first controllable surface modification of graphene(G)/V8C7heterostructures by nitrogen. Because the introduced N atoms couple electronically with V atoms, the V sites can reduce the energy barrier for water adsorption and dissociation. Investigation of the multi‐regional synergistic catalysis on N‐modified G/V8C7by experimental observations and density‐functional‐theory calculations reveals that the increase of electron density on the epitaxial graphene enable it to become favorable for H* adsorption and the subsequent reaction with another H2O molecule. This work extends the range of surface‐engineering approaches to optimize the intrinsic properties of materials and could be generalized to the surface modification of other transition‐metal carbides.
Nucleophile Coordination Enabled Regioselectivity in Palladium‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Allylic C−H Alkylation
Authors: Fan Lian‐Feng , Luo Shi‐Wei , Chen Shu‐Sen , Wang Tian‐Ci , Wang Pu‐Sheng , Gong Liu‐Zhu
Published: September 2019

Branched selectivity in asymmetric allylic C−H alkylation is enabled by using 2‐acylimidazoles as nucleophiles in the presence of a chiral phosphoramidite‐palladium catalyst. A wide range of terminal alkenes, including 1,4‐dienes and allylarenes, are nicely tolerated and provide chiral 2‐acylimidazoles in moderate to high yields and with high levels of regio‐, and enantio‐, and E/Z‐selectivities. Mechanistic studies using density‐functional theory calculations suggest a nucleophile‐coordination‐enabled inner‐sphere attack mode for the enantioselective carbon–carbon bond‐forming event.
Aren‐freie Ruthenium(II/IV)‐katalysierte gegabelte Arylierungen für oxidative C‐H/C‐H‐Funktionalisierungen
Authors: Rogge Torben , Ackermann Lutz
Published: September 2019

Experimentelle und computerchemische Studien gaben detaillierte Einblicke in selektivitäts‐ und reaktivitätsbestimmende Faktoren in verzweigten Ruthenium‐katalysierten direkten C‐H‐Arylierungen und dehydrierenden C‐H/C‐H‐Funktionalisierungen. Umfassende Untersuchungen belegten die Signifikanz von Aren‐Ligand‐freien Komplexen für die Bildung von biscyclometallierten Intermediaten innerhalb eines Ruthenium(II/IV/II)‐Mechanismus.
Water‐Mediated Synthesis of a Superionic Halide Solid Electrolyte
Authors: Li Xiaona , Liang Jianwen , Chen Ning , Luo Jing , Adair Keegan R. , Wang Changhong , Banis Mohammad Norouzi , Sham Tsun‐Kong , Zhang Li , Zhao Shangqian , Lu Shigang , Huang Huan , Li Ruying , Sun Xueliang
Published: September 2019

To promote the development of solid‐state batteries, polymer‐, oxide‐, and sulfide‐based solid‐state electrolytes (SSEs) have been extensively investigated. However, the disadvantages of these SSEs, such as high‐temperature sintering of oxides, air instability of sulfides, and narrow electrochemical windows of polymers electrolytes, significantly hinder their practical application. Therefore, developing SSEs that have a high ionic conductivity (>10−3 S cm−1), good air stability, wide electrochemical window, excellent electrode interface stability, low‐cost mass production is required. Herein we report a halide Li+ superionic conductor, Li3InCl6, that can be synthesized in water. Most importantly, the as‐synthesized Li3InCl6 shows a high ionic conductivity of 2.04×10−3 S cm−1 at 25 °C. Furthermore, the ionic conductivity can be recovered after dissolution in water. Combined with a LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2 cathode, the solid‐state Li battery shows good cycling stability.
Selective CO2 Electroreduction to Ethylene and Multicarbon Alcohols via Electrolyte‐Driven Nanostructuring
Authors: Gao Dunfeng , Sinev Ilya , Scholten Fabian , Arán‐Ais Rosa M. , Divins Nuria J. , Kvashnina Kristina , Timoshenko Janis , Roldan Cuenya Beatriz
Published: September 2019

Production of multicarbon products (C2+) from CO2 electroreduction reaction (CO2RR) is highly desirable for storing renewable energy and reducing carbon emission. The electrochemical synthesis of CO2RR catalysts that are highly selective for C2+ products via electrolyte‐driven nanostructuring is presented. Nanostructured Cu catalysts synthesized in the presence of specific anions selectively convert CO2 into ethylene and multicarbon alcohols in aqueous 0.1 m KHCO3 solution, with the iodine‐modified catalyst displaying the highest Faradaic efficiency of 80 % and a partial geometric current density of ca. 31.2 mA cm−2 for C2+ products at −0.9 V vs. RHE. Operando X‐ray absorption spectroscopy and quasi in situ X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy measurements revealed that the high C2+ selectivity of these nanostructured Cu catalysts can be attributed to the highly roughened surface morphology induced by the synthesis, presence of subsurface oxygen and Cu+ species, and the adsorbed halides.
Pushing the Lewis Acidity Boundaries of Boron Compounds With Non‐Planar Triarylboranes Derived from Triptycenes
Authors: Ben Saida Ali , Chardon Aurélien , Osi Arnaud , Tumanov Nikolay , Wouters Johan , Adjieufack Abel I. , Champagne Benoît , Berionni Guillaume
Published: September 2019

Bending the planar trigonal boron center of triphenylborane by connecting its aryl rings with carbon or phosphorus linkers gave access to a series of 9‐boratriptycene derivatives with unprecedented structures and reactivities. NMR spectroscopy and X‐ray diffraction of the Lewis adducts of these non‐planar boron Lewis acids with weak Lewis base revealed particularly strong covalent bond formation. The first Lewis adduct of a trivalent boron compounds with the Tf2N− anion illustrates the unrivaled Lewis acidity of these species. Increasing the pyramidalization of the boron center and using a cationic phosphonium linker resulted in an exceptional enhancement of Lewis acidity. Introduction of a phosphorus and a boron atom at each edge of a triptycene framework, allowed access to new bifunctional Lewis acid‐base 9‐phospha‐10‐boratriptycenes featuring promising reactivity for the activation of carbon‐halogen bonds.
Site‐Selective C−H Oxygenation via Aryl Sulfonium Salts
Authors: Sang Ruocheng , Korkis Stamatis E. , Su Wanqi , Ye Fei , Engl Pascal S. , Berger Florian , Ritter Tobias
Published: September 2019

Herein, we report a two‐step process forming arene C−O bonds in excellent site‐selectivity at a late‐stage. The C−O bond formation is achieved by selective introduction of a thianthrenium group, which is then converted into C−O bonds using photoredox chemistry. Electron‐rich, ‐poor and ‐neutral arenes as well as complex drug‐like small molecules are successfully transformed into both phenols and various ethers. The sequence differs conceptually from all previous arene oxygenation reactions in that oxygen functionality can be incorporated into complex small molecules at a late stage site‐selectively, which has not been shown via aryl halides.
Potent ribonucleotide reductase inhibitors: Thiazole‐containing thiosemicarbazone derivatives
Authors: Ertas Merve , Sahin Zafer , Bulbul Emre F. , Bender Ceysu , Biltekin Sevde N. , Berk Barkin , Yurttas Leyla , Nalbur Aysu M. , Celik Hayati , Demirayak Şeref
Published: September 2019

The antioxidant, antimalarial, antibacterial, and antitumor activities of thiosemicarbazones have made this class of compounds important for medicinal chemists. In addition, thiosemicarbazones are among the most potent and well‐known ribonucleotide reductase inhibitors. In this study, 24 new thiosemicarbazone derivatives were synthesized, and the structures and purity of the compounds were determined by IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, mass spectroscopy, and elemental analysis. The IC50 values of these 24 compounds were determined with an assay for ribonucleotide reductase inhibition. Compounds 19, 20, and 24 inhibited ribonucleotide reductase enzyme activity at a higher level than metisazone as standard. The cytotoxic effects of these compounds were measured on the MCF7 (human breast adenocarcinoma) and HEK293 (human embryonic kidney) cell lines. Similarly, compounds 19, 20, and 24 had a selective effect on the MCF7 and HEK293 cell lines, killing more cancer cells than cisplatin as standard. The compounds (especially 19, 20, and 24 as the most active ones) were then subjected to docking experiments to identify the probable interactions between the ligands and the enzyme active site. The complex formation was shown qualitatively. The ADME (absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion) properties of the compounds were analyzed using in‐silico techniques.
Novel discoveries targeting gemcitabine‐based chemoresistance and new therapies in pancreatic cancer: How far are we from the destination?
Authors: Luo Wenhao , Yang Gang , Qiu Jiangdong , Luan Jingyang , Zhang Ying , You Lei , Feng Mengyu , Zhao Fangyu , Liu Yueze , Cao Zhe , Zheng Lianfang , Zhang Taiping , Zhao Yupei
Published: September 2019

Pancreatic cancer (PC) remains one of the deadliest malignancies worldwide. Chemoresistance is a significant clinical problem in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) and numerous potential mechanisms have been demonstrated but much remains to be understood. To overcome the existing limitations in PC treatment, newer approaches targeting intrinsic or acquired mechanisms have been found to improve drug therapeutic effectiveness in PC patients. Here, we provide an update of the most recent findings and their implications for clinicians, and attempt to summarize the various aspects of different individualized novel therapies for PC that could most benefit metastatic PDAC patients.
Compactness of Protein Folds Alters Disulfide‐Bond Reducibility by Three Orders of Magnitude: A Comprehensive Kinetic Case Study on the Reduction of Differently Sized Tryptophan Cage Model Proteins
Authors: Horváth Dániel , Taricska Nóra , Keszei Ernő , Stráner Pál , Farkas Viktor , Tóth Gábor K. , Perczel András
Published: September 2019

A new approach to monitor disulfide‐bond reduction in the vicinity of aromatic cluster(s) has been derived by using the near‐UV range (λ=266–293 nm) of electronic circular dichroism (ECD) spectra. By combining the results from NMR and ECD spectroscopy, the 3D fold characteristics and associated reduction rate constants (k) of E19_SS, which is a highly thermostable, disulfide‐bond reinforced 39‐amino acid long exenatide mimetic, and its N‐terminally truncated derivatives have been determined under different experimental conditions. Single disulfide bond reduction of the E19_SS model (with an 18‐fold excess of tris(2‐carboxyethyl)phosphine, pH 7, 37 °C) takes hours, which is 20–30 times longer than that expected, and thus, would not reach completion by applying commonly used reduction protocols. It is found that structural, steric, and electrostatic factors influence the reduction rate, resulting in orders of magnitude differences in reduction half‐lives (900>t1/2>1 min) even for structurally similar, well‐folded derivatives of a small model protein.
Tuning Nitrogen Species in Two‐Dimensional Carbon through Pore Structure Change for High Supercapacitor Performance
Authors: Liu Hao , Tang Qian Fang , Qiu Zhi Guo , Chen Xiang Ying , Zhang Zhong Jie
Published: September 2019

Carbonaceous materials have long been a key component of supercapacitor energy storage systems, and exploring nitrogen atom doping and its role is currently the focus of carbon‐based electrode development. However, achieving a high proportion of pyridinic N (active N) in N‐doped carbon is still a big challenge. Here, by introducing a triblock copolymer F127 into the phenolic resin, the pore structure of the two‐dimensional carbon material is successfully adjusted, thereby increasing the probability of generation of active nitrogen. We found that this two‐dimensional porous structure is beneficial to the formation of pyridinic N. Through the change of pore structure, the ratio of pyridinic N to the total N was further increased by 13.9 %. Therefore, it provides a large specific capacitance (220 F g−1), excellent cycle stability (93.6 %) and high rate performance (71.2 %) in the alkaline KOH electrolyte. To further increase the energy density, we constructed an symmetrical supercapacitor device using an ionic liquid electrolyte (equal amount of 1‐ethyl‐3‐methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate and acetonitrile). As a result, since the electrolyte has a voltage window of up to 3 V, the energy density is as high as 37.5 Wh kg−1. This superior performance indicates that adjusting the ratio of pyridinic N provides a promising method for preparing excellent N‐doped carbon materials for energy storage systems.
Two Highly Stable Proton Conductive Cobalt(II)–Organic Frameworks as Impedance Sensors for Formic Acid
Authors: Liu Rui‐Lan , Shi Zhi‐Qiang , Wang Xin‐Yue , Li Zi‐Feng , Li Gang
Published: September 2019

Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) have been extensively explored as advanced chemical sensors in recent years. However, there are few studies on MOFs as acidic gas sensors, especially proton conductive MOFs. In this work, two new proton‐conducting 3D MOFs, {[Co3(p‐CPhHIDC)2(4,4′‐bipy)(H2O)]⋅2 H2O}n (1) (p‐CPhH4IDC=2‐(4‐carboxylphenyl)‐1 H‐imidazole‐4,5‐dicarboxylic acid; 4,4′‐bipy=4,4′‐bipyridine) and {[Co3(p‐CPhHIDC)2(bpe)(H2O)]⋅3 H2O}n (2) (bpe=trans‐1,2‐bis(4‐pyridyl)ethylene) have been solvothermally prepared and investigated their formic acid sensing properties. Both MOFs 1 and 2 show temperature‐ and humidity‐dependent proton conductive properties and exhibit optimized proton conductivities of 1.04×10−3 and 7.02×10−4 S cm at 98 % relative humidity (RH) and 100 °C, respectively. The large number of uncoordinated carboxylic acid sites, free and coordination water molecules, and hydrogen‐bonding networks inside the frameworks are favorable to the proton transfer. By measuring the impedance values after exposure to formic acid vapor at 98 % or 68 % RH and 25 °C, both MOFs indicate reproducibly high sensitivity to the analyte. The detection limit of formic acid vapor is as low as 35 ppm for 1 and 70 ppm for 2. Meanwhile, both MOFs also show commendable selectivity towards formic acid among interfering solutions. The proton conducting and formic acid sensing mechanisms have been suggested according to the structural analysis, Ea calculations, N2 and water vapor absorptions, PXRD and SEM measurements. This work will open a new avenue for proton‐conductive MOF‐based impedance sensors and promote the potential application of these MOFs for indirectly monitoring the concentrations of formic acid vapors.
Few‐Layer MoS2 Nanosheets Encapsulated in N‐Doped Carbon Hollow Spheres as Long‐Life Anode Materials for Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Wang Faze , Li Fanggang , Ma Li , Zheng Maojun
Published: September 2019

Two‐dimensional molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) has been recognized as a promising anode material for lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs) due to its high theoretical capacity, but its rapid capacity decay owing to poor conductivity, structure pulverization, and polysulfide dissolution presents significant challenges in practical applications. Herein, triple‐layered hollow spheres in which MoS2 nanosheets are fully encapsulated between inner carbon and outer nitrogen‐doped carbon (NC) were fabricated. Such an architecture provides high conductivity and efficient lithium‐ion transfer. Moreover, the NC shell prevents aggregation and exfoliation of MoS2 nanosheets and thus maintains the integrity of the nanostructure during the charge/discharge process. As anode materials for LIBs, the C@MoS2@NC hollow spheres deliver a high reversible capacity (747 mA h g−1 after 100 cycles at 100 mA g−1) and excellent long‐cycle performance (650 mA h g−1 after 1000 cycles at 1.0 A g−1), which confirm its potential for high‐performance LIBs.
Exploring Caffeine–Phenol Interactions by the Inseparable Duet of Experimental and Theoretical Data
Authors: Usabiaga Imanol , Camiruaga Ander , Calabrese Camilla , Maris Assimo , Fernández José A.
Published: September 2019

Intermolecular interactions are difficult to model, especially in systems formed by multiple interactions. Such is the case of caffeine–phenol. Structural data has been extracted by using mass‐resolved excitation spectroscopy and double resonance techniques. Then the predictions of seven different computational methods have been explored to discover structural and energetic discrepancies between them that may even result in different assignments of the system. The results presented herein highlight the difficulty of constructing functionals to model systems with several competing interactions, and raise awareness of problems with assignments of complex systems with limited experimental information that rely exclusively on energetic data.
Understanding the barriers and factors associated with consumer adoption of wearable technology devices in managing personal health
Authors: Sergueeva Ksenia , Shaw Norman , Lee Seung Hwan (Mark)
Published: September 2019

This research seeks to identify the barriers and factors associated with adopting wearable technology devices (WTDs) for managing personal health. Based on a partial least square (PLS) analysis of 277 US‐based residents, the findings demonstrate that performance expectancy, social influence, facilitating conditions, hedonic motivation, habit, and personalization are significant predictors of consumers' intention to use WTDs. Interestingly, price value, privacy concerns, and health consciousness are not significant. This study will inform future research on WTDs in personal health management. Theoretical and practical implications of the study are also presented.
Solvent–Solvent Cooling Crystallization: An Effective Method to Control the Morphology and Size of Ammonium Perchlorate Crystals
Authors: Liu Wei , Xie Yong , Xie Qiang , Fang Kexiong , Zhang Xuan , Chen Houhe
Published: September 2019

Controlling ammonium perchlorate crystals with desired properties is still a challenge in industrial crystallization. In this work, two different cooling crystallization methods, namely solvent–solvent cooling crystallization and batch cooling crystallization, are compared to prepare ammonium perchlorate crystals with tunable shapes and sizes. The influences of crystallization parameters such as cooling pattern, cooling rate, stirring rate, feed rate, and solution concentration on the morphology and size of ammonium perchlorate particles are studied. The results indicate that solvent–solvent cooling crystallization makes it easier to control the supersaturation of the crystallization system than bath cooling crystallization, resulting in a more uniform morphology of the ammonium perchlorate crystals prepared by the solvent–solvent cooling crystallization. In addition, by adjusting the crystallization conditions, the shape of ammonium perchlorate crystals can be tailored as long rectangle, tabular, spherical, platy, bipyramid, and high‐index faced polyhedron shaped, the mean size of which can be controlled from 43.9 to 191.9 µm. Moreover, the proposed crystallization method provides a promising strategy for the continuous production of ammonium perchlorate crystals in industry; it is also a reference for the crystallization of other materials in crystal engineering.
Solvent‐Free Production of Isosorbide from Sorbitol Catalyzed by a Polymeric Solid Acid
Authors: Yuan Danping , Li Lei , Li Feng , Wang Yanxia , Wang Feng , Zhao Ning , Xiao Fukui
Published: September 2019

A series of polymeric solid acid catalysts (PDSF‐x) is prepared by grafting strong electron‐withdrawing groups (−SO2CF3) on a sulfonic acid‐modified polydivinylbenzene (PDS) precursor synthesized hydrothermally. The effect of acid strength on sorbitol dehydration is investigated. The textural properties, acidity, and hydrophobicity are characterized by using Brunauer–Emmett–Teller analysis, elemental analysis, and contact angle tests. The results of FTIR spectroscopy and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy show that both −SO3H and −SO2CF3 are grafted onto the polymer network. We used solid‐state 31P NMR spectroscopy to show that the acid strength of PDSF‐x is enhanced significantly compared with that of PDS, especially for PDSF‐0.05. As a result, PDSF‐0.05 exhibits the highest isosorbide yield up to 80 %, a good turnover frequency of 231.5 h−1 (compared to other catalysts), and excellent cyclic stability, which is attributed to its large specific surface area, appropriate acid strength, hydrophobicity, and stable framework structure. In addition, a plausible reaction pathway and kinetic analysis are proposed.
Randomized Kaczmarz algorithm for massive MIMO systems with channel estimation and spatial correlation
Authors: Rodrigues Victor Croisfelt , Marinello Filho José Carlos , Abrão Taufik
Published: September 2019

To exploit the benefits of massive multiple‐input multiple‐output (M‐MIMO) technology in scenarios where base stations (BSs) need to be cheap and equipped with simple hardware, the computational complexity of classical signal processing schemes for spatial multiplexing of users shall be reduced. This calls for suboptimal designs that perform well the combining/precoding steps and simultaneously achieve low computational complexities. An approach on the basis of the iterative Kaczmarz algorithm (KA) has been recently investigated, assuring well execution without the knowledge of second order moments of the wireless channels in the BS, and with easiness since no tuning parameters, besides the number of iterations, are required. In fact, the randomized version of KA (rKA) has been used in this context because of global convergence properties. Herein, modifications are proposed on this first rKA‐based attempt, aiming to improve its performance‐complexity trade‐off solution for M‐MIMO systems. We observe that long‐term channel effects degrade the rate of convergence of the rKA‐based schemes. This issue is then tackled herein by means of a hybrid rKA initialization proposal, which lands within the region of convexity of the algorithm and assures fairness to the communication system. The effectiveness of our proposal is illustrated through numerical results, which bring more realistic system conditions in terms of channel estimation and spatial correlation than those used so far. We also characterize the computational complexity of the proposed rKA scheme, deriving upper bounds for the number of iterations. A case study focused on a dense urban application scenario is used to gather new insights on the feasibility of the proposed scheme to cope with the inserted BS constraints.