bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Valuing the future at different temporal points: The role of time framing on discounting
Authors: Reyes‐Huerta Hugo E. , Robles Elias , dos Santos Cristiano V.
Published: June 2023

The rate of delay discounting exhibited by individuals has been experimentally altered by manipulating the way in which time is described, a specific application of the framing effect. Previous research suggests that using specific dates to describe delays tends to lower temporal discounting and change the shape of the discounting function. The main purpose of this study was to assess the influence of framing on discounting in different temporal contexts. Participants chose between hypothetical monetary gains (gains group), or between hypothetical monetary losses (losses group). Each group completed eight discounting tasks over two sessions (two choice tasks [SmallNow/SmallSoon] by two time frames [dates/calendar units] by two magnitudes. The results indicate that Mazur's model adequately described the observed discounting functions in most conditions. However, the decrease in discounting rate when both consequences were delayed only occurred when calendar units (but not dates) were used for both gains and losses. These findings suggest that framing affects the influence of a shared delay instead of changing the shape of the discounting function. Our results support the idea that time influences behavior similarly in humans and nonhumans when they choose between two delayed consequences.
Efficacy for diagnoses of scirrhous gastric cancer and safety of endoscopic ultrasound‐guided fine‐needle aspiration: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Jinushi Ryuhei , Mizuide Masafumi , Tanisaka Yuki , Masuda Sakue , Koizumi Kazuya , Sasaki Akiko , Ishihara Yo , Shionoya Kento , Sato Ryo , Sugimoto Kei , Shin Takahiro , Shiomi Rie , Fujita Akashi , Ryozawa Shomei , Yamazaki Tsutomu
Published: June 2023

Scirrhous gastric cancer (SGC) is diagnosed using endoscopy and/or biopsy; however, SGC diagnosis remains challenging owing to its special growth form and morphologic features. Hence, endoscopic ultrasound‐guided fine‐needle aspiration (EUS‐FNA), which is minimally invasive and has a high proportion of diagnostic tissue, may be an alternative investigative modality for patients with suspected SGC. This systematic review and meta‐analysis aimed to identify and evaluate the evidence for the efficacy and safety of EUS‐FNA in patients with suspected SGC. We conducted a systematic review using the PubMed (MEDLINE) and Ichushi‐Web (NPO Japan Medical Abstracts Society) databases and included all entries in which SGC was evaluated using EUS‐FNA in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses (PRISMA) statement from the databases′ inception to October 10, 2022. The primary outcome was the proportion of SGC diagnosed using EUS‐FNA. In addition, we analyzed the proportion of adverse events associated with EUS‐FNA. The electronic search identified 1890 studies; overall, four studies met the selection criteria and reported data on EUS‐FNA performed on 114 patients with suspected SGC. The overall diagnostic yield of EUS‐FNA for SGC was 82.6% (95% confidence interval, 74.6–90.6%) and the statistical heterogeneity was 0% (I2 = 0%), indicating a low heterogeneity. Furthermore, the EUS‐FNA diagnostic proportion for SGC lymph node metastasis was 75–100%, indicating a high diagnostic performance. The adverse event rate of EUS‐FNA was 0%. EUS‐FNA may be an alternative investigation mode for SGC patients with negative esophagogastroduodenoscopy‐biopsy results.
Editorial for “MRI Assessment of Intrinsic Neural Timescale and Grey Matter Volume in Parkinson's Disease”
Authors: Chen Zhaolin
Published: June 2023

Level of Evidence

5

Technical Efficacy Stage

3
Risk factor profile for newly diagnosed atrial fibrillation: 4‐year follow‐up of annual health examinations in a Japanese Adult Cohort
Authors: Nagata Yoshiki , Wang Hongbing , Yamagami Takashi , Kato Takeshi
Published: June 2023

Background

Detecting unknown atrial fibrillation (AF) would provide an opportunity to prevent ischemic stroke by instituting appropriate anticoagulation. Although opportunistic screening of older patients is recommended in current guidelines, which patients may benefit from intensive AF screening remains unclear. We sought to clarify the risk factor profile for newly diagnosed AF in annual health examinations of a Japanese adult cohort.

Methods

Among 141 441 Japanese patients who underwent annual health examinations in 2014, 87 872 patients aged ≥20 years without known AF who had undergone electrocardiography were analyzed (mean age: 47 ± 12 years; 64% men). The absence of known AF was confirmed by prior electrocardiography in 2012 and/or 2013. Newly diagnosed AF was observed in 244 patients in 2014–2017 (mean age: 62 ± 12 years; 83% men).

Results

In the multivariable analysis, waist circumference obesity (hazard ratio [HR], 1.5; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.13–1.99; p = .005) high blood pressure (HR, 1.9; 95% CI, 1.01–3.59; p = .047), on‐treatment hypertension (HR, 1.53; 95% CI, 1.01–2.31; p = .046), and daily alcohol drinking (HR, 2.18; 95% CI, 1.52–3.12; p < .001) were significantly associated with newly diagnosed AF.

Conclusions

In this Japanese cohort, waist circumference obesity, hypertension, and alcohol drinking were independent predictors of newly diagnosed AF in annual medical examinations. This finding encourages further evaluation of systematic AF screening programs in at‐risk populations.
Play and Scientific Creativity: A Critical Review and an Integrative Theoretical Framework
Authors: Shen Xiangyou
Published: June 2023

Emerging empirical evidence supports play's potential to stimulate and foster scientific creativity. Focusing on how play relates to scientific creativity in adulthood, this review synthesizes the current state of knowledge in four areas: the play element in scientific research, the playfulness of scientists, mechanisms through which play affects scientific creativity, and environmental factors key to the play‐to‐create process in scientists' work. The review highlights several limitations hindering further research development in this area. Specifically, existing studies: (a) are largely qualitative and focus on descriptive analysis of the forms and/or select aspects of play, (b) do not sufficiently consider the unique characteristics and processes of scientific research, and (c) decontextualize the creative process by separating the player‐creator from the environment. Building on this analysis, the author clarifies the conceptualization of play, playfulness, and scientific creativity, differentiates between creative and recreative play in relation to core scientific activities, and identifies useful conceptual and measurement tools to facilitate future domain‐specific empirical studies of play and scientific creativity. Collectively, these insights advance a new integrative theoretical framework—the play‐to‐create model—to encourage and guide systematic and contextualized investigations of how play, playfulness, creative processes, and the environment interact to generate creative scientific outcomes.
Existence and exponential stability of the piecewise pseudo almost periodic mild solution for some partial impulsive stochastic neutral evolution equations
Authors: Miraoui Mohsen , Missaoui Marwa
Published: June 2023

In the present paper, we first introduce the concept of double measure
‐mean piecewise pseudo almost periodic for stochastic processes for
. Next, we make extensive use of the exponential dichotomy techniques and a fixed point strategy with stochastic analysis theory to obtain the existence of doubly measure
‐mean piecewise pseudo almost periodic mild solutions for a class of impulsive non‐autonomous partial stochastic evolution equations in Hilbert spaces. In addition, we study the exponential stability of
‐mean piecewise pseudo almost periodic mild solutions. Finally, we give an example to confirm the reliability and feasibility of our findings.
Achieving feasibility for clustered traveling salesman problems using PQ‐trees
Authors: Guttmann‐Beck Nili , Meshita‐Sayag Hadas , Stern Michal
Published: June 2023

Let be a hypergraph, where is a set of vertices and is a set of clusters , , such that the clusters in are not necessarily disjoint. This article considers the feasibility clustered traveling salesman problem, denoted by . In the we aim to decide whether a simple path exists that visits each vertex exactly once, such that the vertices of each cluster are visited consecutively. We focus on hypergraphs with no feasible solution path and consider removing vertices from clusters, such that the hypergraph with the new clusters has a feasible solution path for . The algorithm uses a PQ‐tree data structure and runs in linear time.
Explaining the perspective of people living with HIV on health‐promoting behaviours based on Pender's model: A directed content analysis
Authors: Pashaeypoor Shahzad , Sarkhani Naeimeh , Salmani Soheileddin , Jamshidi Ensiyeh , Maasoumi Raziyeh
Published: June 2023

Aim

Health‐promoting behaviours are an important challenge in people living with HIV (PLHIV). Knowing PLHIV's perspective can be helpful for more effective health‐promoting behaviour planning. Therefore, the present study aims to explain PLHIV's perspective on health‐promoting behaviours based on Pender's health‐promotion model.

Design

A qualitative study with a directed content analysis approach.

Methods

Altogether, 17 PLHIV referring to the Behavioural Diseases Consultation and Control Center in Tehran, Iran and were selected through purposive sampling. The data were collected through semi‐structured individual interviews and the results were analysed through directed content analysis based on Pender's model. Data management was done by MAXQDA V10.

Results

Data analysis led to the extraction of 396 codes in 35 subcategories and 15 main categories in 6 constructs of Pender's model, including the perceived benefits (health assurance and optimal disease control), perceived barriers (insufficient knowledge and awareness, lack of motivation, adverse outcomes of the disease and socioeconomic status), perceived self‐efficacy (endeavouring to have a healthy lifestyle, responsibility for one's health and that of others), activity‐related affect (positive and negative feelings), the interpersonal influences (family, friends and relatives and social media) and situational influences (the resources available to the community and community's culture).

Patient or Public Contribution

In this study, the contribution of PLHIV was used and their perspectives were surveyed. The findings of this study can help policymakers and planners formulate health policies to select the most appropriate strategies and approaches to promoting effective healthy behaviours among PLHIV.
Office‐Based Blue Laser Therapy for Vocal Fold Leukoplakia: A Preliminary Report of 12 Cases
Authors: Hamdan Abdul‐Latif , Ghanem Anthony , Abou Raji Feghali Patrick , Hosri Jad , Abi Zeid Daou Christophe , Abou‐Rizk Samer
Published: June 2023

Objective

To report the efficacy of office‐based blue laser therapy for vocal fold leukoplakia.

Study Design

A retrospective case series.

Setting

A tertiary care center.

Methods

A retrospective chart review of patients with vocal fold leukoplakia who underwent office‐based blue laser therapy between July 2019 and October 2022 was conducted. The video recordings of their laryngeal examination and their voice evaluation were analyzed before and after surgical intervention.

Results

A total of 10 patients, eight with unilateral disease and 2 with bilateral disease, were included in this study. In total, 12 vocal folds with leukoplakia were treated. Nine had a single session and 3 had 2 sessions due to incomplete regression of the lesion after the first laser therapy session. Following treatment, 9 regressed completely (75%) and 3 regressed partially (25%). The mean Voice Handicap Index‐10 (VHI‐10) score decreased significantly from 15.4 ± 12.9 preoperatively to 3.8 ± 2.86 after surgery (p = .023). There was a statistically significant decrease in the means of grade, roughness, breathiness, asthenia, and strain (p < .05). There was also a statistically significant decrease in the jitter and shimmer percent (p = .008 and p = .048, respectively) and a significant increase in the maximum phonation time from 9.63 ± 3.83 to 13.54 ± 5.92 seconds (p = .039).

Conclusion

This preliminary study indicates that office‐based blue laser therapy is an effective treatment modality for vocal fold leukoplakia.
Allotments for all? Social–environmental values of urban gardens for gardeners and the public in cities: The example of Berlin, Germany
Authors: Haase Dagmar , Gaeva Dara
Published: June 2023

Gardens in cities have been the focus of a wider public health debate in Europe's polluted and dense cities, for the elderly and considering the current COVID‐19 pandemic. Many cities report rising demand for allotment gardens by people from all age groups including young couples and families.

This study aims at quantitatively examining the bundle of ecosystem services provided by allotment gardens in Berlin, Germany. It assesses the values related to those ecosystem services' benefits for gardeners and the wider urban public and compares perceptions of the social–environmental value of allotment gardens by gardeners and non‐gardeners.

We also compare the frequency of garden visits and the perception of gardens as a crucial element of the urban ecosystem by men and women. We carried out a web‐based survey, additionally a part of the questionnaires was handed out in paper form for respondents who did not have internet access.

The resulting sample of 466 gardeners and 80 non‐gardeners shows that urban allotment gardens play an important role in food production, biodiversity conservation, but also social–environmental interactions. The variety of environmental management practices, such as installation of artificial nests for insects, sowing of special flower mixtures, leaving areas with wild vegetation, use of organic fertilizers, including crop residues, shows that most respondents among gardeners are aware of the methods aimed at maintaining biodiversity and soil fertility in their allotment. The sample's analysis further states that benefits are not only perceived by gardeners but also by non‐gardeners.

We discuss our findings against the background of the savings and sustainable enhancement of ecosystem services benefits that are created by allotment gardens for all.

Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog.
Evaluation of the efficacy and tolerability of alendronate versus denosumab in kidney transplant patients with reduced bone mineral density
Authors: Sayed Sherihan A. , El Wakeel Lamia M. , Elseasi Ahmad M. , Shawki May A.
Published: June 2023

Purpose

To compare the effect of denosumab and alendronate on bone mineral density (BMD) in renal transplant recipients (RTRs) with low bone mass.

Methods

Patients were randomized to receive either denosumab subcutaneously (60 mg/6 months), oral alendronate (70 mg/week), or no treatment for 1 year. The three groups were prescribed daily calcium and vitamin D. Primary outcome was BMD assessed at lumbar spine, hip, and radius and measured by dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry (DEXA) at baseline and after 6 and 12 months. Adverse events and laboratory assessments (calcium, phosphate, vitamin D, renal functions, and intact parathyroid hormone) were monitored for all patients. Quality of life was assessed at baseline and after 6 and 12 months for all patients.

Results

Ninety RTRs were included in the study (30 in each group). Baseline clinical characteristics and BMD values were comparable in the three groups. After 12 months, lumbar spine T‐score of patients treated with denosumab and alendronate showed a median increase of 0.5 [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.4–0.6] and 0.5 (95% CI: 0.4–0.8), respectively, and patients in the control group showed a decrease of −0.2 (95% CI: −0.3 to −0.1), p < 0.001. Denosumab and alendronate showed a significant comparable gain in T‐scores at hip and radius versus a significant decrease in the control group. Adverse events and laboratory values were similar in the three groups. Both treatments resulted in comparable significant improvement in physical functioning, physical role limitations, vitality, and pain scores.

Conclusion

Denosumab and alendronate showed comparable efficacy in improving BMD at all measured skeletal sites and were safe and well‐tolerated, with no serious adverse effects reported in RTRs with low bone mass. The study was registered on ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT04169698.
Theoretical and experimental study of the OH radical with 3‐bromopropene gas phase reaction rate coefficients temperature dependence
Authors: González Vera Mauro , Cometto Pablo Marcelo , Casañas Juan Manuel , Bauerfeldt Glauco F. , Mellouki Abdelwahid
Published: June 2023

In this work, the rate‐determining steps of the OH radical + 3‐bromopropene gas phase reaction were studied, which could explain for the possible negative activation energy observed in experiments. To obtain new kinetic parameters and data for critical revisions, a reinvestigation of the rate coefficient (k) and its temperature dependence was carried out using the PLP‐LIF technique, in the 254‐ to 371‐K range. Moreover, quantum‐mechanical and canonical variational transition state theory calculations were performed, taking into consideration four OH addition and two β‐hydrogen atom abstraction reaction channels. The proposed kinetic model fits to the observed experimental Arrhenius behavior, and three not negligible reaction pathways are described for the first time.
Update on chronotherapy: it's about time
Authors: Greener Mark
Published: June 2023

Chronotherapy is a promising approach to drug dosing that optimises the timing of administration to synchronise with our circadian rhythms. This article discusses how researchers are finding ways to utilise chronotherapy's potential to increase the efficacy and safety of various drug therapies.
Dual‐Active‐Sites Single‐Atom Catalysts for Advanced Applications
Authors: Zhang Shaolong , Hou Minchen , Zhai Yanliang , Liu Hongjie , Zhai Dong , Zhu Youqi , Ma Li , Wei Bin , Huang Jing
Published: June 2023

Dual‐Active‐Sites Single‐Atom catalysts (DASs SACs) are not only the improvement of SACs but also the expansion of dual‐atom catalysts. The DASs SACs contains dual active sites, one of which is a single atomic active site, and the other active site can be a single atom or other type of active site, endowing DASs SACs with excellent catalytic performance and a wide range of applications. The DASs SACs are categorized into seven types, including the neighboring mono metallic DASs SACs, bonded DASs SACs, non‐bonded DASs SACs, bridged DASs SACs, asymmetric DASs SACs, metal and nonmetal combined DASs SACs and space separated DASs SACs. Based on the above classification, the general methods for the preparation of DASs SACs are comprehensively described, especially their structural characteristics are discussed in detail. Meanwhile, the in‐depth assessments of DASs SACs for variety applications including electrocatalysis, thermocatalysis and photocatalysis are provided, as well as their unique catalytic mechanism are addressed. Moreover, the prospects and challenges for DASs SACs and related applications are highlighted. The authors believe the great expectations for DASs SACs, and this review will provide novel conceptual and methodological perspectives and exciting opportunities for further development and application of DASs SACs.
Degradation Kinetics of Organic–Inorganic Hybrid Materials from Micro‐Raman Spectroscopy and Density‐Functional Theory: The Case of β‐ZnTe(en)0.5
Authors: Ye Tang , Sun Yi‐Yang , Kocherga Margaret , Nesmelov Andrei , Schmedake Thomas A. , Zhang Yong
Published: June 2023

Organic–inorganic hybrid materials often face a stability challenge. β‐ZnTe(en)0.5, which uniquely has over 15‐year real‐time degradation data, is taken as a prototype structure to demonstrate an accelerated thermal aging method for assessing the intrinsic and ambient‐condition long‐term stability of hybrid materials. Micro‐Raman spectroscopy is used to investigate the thermal degradation of β‐ZnTe(en)0.5 in a protected condition and in air by monitoring the temperature dependences of the intrinsic and degradation‐product Raman modes. First, to understand the intrinsic degradation mechanism, the transition state of the degradation is identified, then using a density functional theory, the intrinsic energy barrier between the transition state and ground state is calculated to be 1.70 eV, in excellent agreement with the measured thermal degradation barrier of 1.62 eV in N2 environment. Second, for the ambient‐condition degradation, a reduced thermal activation barrier of 0.92 eV is obtained due to oxidation, corresponding to a projected ambient half‐life of 40 years at room temperature, in general agreement with the experimental observation of no apparent degradation over 15 years. Furthermore, the study reveals a mechanism, conformation distortion enhanced stability, which plays a pivotal role in forming the high kinetic barrier, contributing greatly to the impressive long‐term stability of β‐ZnTe(en)0.5.
Thin layer chromatography‐densitometric method for quantification of apigenin, oleanolic acid, and β‐sitosterol in clerodendrum serratum (Bharangi) root extract
Authors: Patel Lima , Shah Dimal , Bhavsar Puja , Patel Zanza , Shah Zeel
Published: June 2023

The present involves the development of an accurate, specific, and precise high‐performance thin‐layer chromatographic method for the identification and quantification of three markers apigenin, oleanolic acid, and β‐sitosterol in Clerodendrum serratum (Bharangi) root extract. The thin layer chromatographic development was carried out using an aluminum plate, pre‐coated with silica gel 60 F254 with toluene–chloroform‐ethyl acetate‐formic acid (5:4:1:0.1 v/v/v/v) as the mobile phase. Densitometric quantification was performed at 334 nm for apigenin and 662 nm for oleanolic acid and β‐sitosterol after derivatization with anisaldehyde‒sulfuric acid reagent. The optimized mobile phase resulted in chromatographic separation of apigenin, oleanolic acid, and β‐sitosterol bands at Rf of 0.19, 0.50, and 0.63, respectively. The method was found to be linear in the concentration range of 200–1200 ng/band for apigenin, and 400–2400 ng/band for oleanolic acid and β‐sitosterol, respectively. The recoveries were found to be 99.34%–99.92% for apigenin, 99.38%–99.81% for oleanolic acid, and 99.49%–99.66% for β‐sitosterol. The optimized method was found to be accurate, reproducible, robust, and specific and it was applied for the quantification of apigenin, oleanolic acid, and β‐sitosterol in hydroalcoholic root extract of Clerodendrum serratum.
Longitudinal maternal hemodynamic evaluation in uncomplicated twin pregnancies according to chorionicity: physiological cardiovascular dysfunction in monochorionic twin pregnancy
Authors: Farsetti D. , Pometti F. , Novelli G. P. , Vasapollo B. , Khalil A. , Valensise H.
Published: June 2023

Objective

Maternal cardiac function plays a crucial role in placental function and development. The maternal hemodynamic changes in twin pregnancy are more pronounced than those in singleton pregnancy, presumably due to a greater plasma volume expansion. In view of the correlation between maternal cardiac and placental function, it is plausible that chorionicity could influence maternal cardiac function. The aim of this study was to compare the longitudinal maternal hemodynamic changes between uncomplicated dichorionic (DC) and monochorionic (MC) twin pregnancies and in comparison to singleton pregnancies.

Methods

Included in the study were 40 MC diamniotic and 35 DC diamniotic uncomplicated twin pregnancies. These were compared with a group of 294 healthy singleton pregnancies from a previous cross‐sectional study. All participants underwent a hemodynamic evaluation using an Ultrasound Cardiac Output Monitor (USCOM®), at three different stages in pregnancy (11–15 weeks, 20–24 weeks and 29–33 weeks). The following parameters were recorded: mean arterial pressure (MAP), stroke volume (SV), stroke volume index (SVI), heart rate, cardiac output (CO), cardiac index (CI), systemic vascular resistance (SVR), systemic vascular resistance index (SVRI), stroke volume variation, Smith–Madigan inotropy index (INO) and potential‐to‐kinetic‐energy ratio (PKR).

Results

In the first trimester, DC and MC twin pregnancies showed lower MAP, SVR and PKR and higher CO and SV in comparison to singleton pregnancy. In the second trimester, maternal CO (8.33 vs 7.30 L/min, P = 0.03) and CI (4.52 vs 4.00 L/min/m2, P = 0.02) were significantly higher in MC compared with DC twin pregnancy. In the third trimester, compared with in singleton pregnancy, women with MC twin pregnancy showed significantly higher PKR (24.06 vs 20.13, P = 0.03) and SVRI (1837.20 vs 1698.48 dynes × s/cm5/m2, P = 0.03), and significantly lower SV (78.80 vs 88.80 mL, P = 0.01), SVI (42.79 vs 50.31 mL/m2, P < 0.01) and INO (1.70 vs 1.87 W/m2, P = 0.03); these differences were not observed between DC twin and singleton pregnancies.

Conclusions

Maternal cardiovascular function undergoes significant change during uncomplicated twin pregnancy and chorionicity influences maternal hemodynamics. In both MC and DC twin pregnancy, hemodynamic changes are detectable as early as the first trimester, showing higher maternal CO and lower SVR compared with singleton pregnancy. In DC twin pregnancy, the maternal hemodynamics remain stable during the rest of pregnancy. In contrast, in MC twin pregnancy, the rise in maternal CO continues in the second trimester in order to sustain the greater placental growth. There is a subsequent crossover, with a reduction in cardiovascular performance during the third trimester. © 2023 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology.
‘Vets must be strong advocates for animal rights’
Authors: McCulloch Steven
Published: June 2023

Steven McCulloch, European veterinary specialist in animal welfare science, ethics and law, argues that the veterinary profession must support animal rights, but not the abolition of animal use.
First computation of Mueller Tang processes using a full NLL BFKL approach
Authors: Colferai Dimitri , Deganutti Federico , Raben Timothy G. , Royon Christophe
Published: June 2023

Abstract

We present the full next-to-leading order (NLO) prediction for the jet-gap-jet cross section at the LHC within the BFKL approach. We implement, for the first time, the NLO impact factors in the calculation of the cross section. We provide results for differential cross sections as a function of the difference in rapidity and azimuthal angle betwen the two jets and the second leading jet transverse momentum. The NLO corrections of the impact factors induce an overall reduction of the cross section with respect to the corresponding predictions with only LO impact factors.

We note that NLO impact factors feature a logarithmic dependence of the cross section on the total center of mass energy which formally violates BFKL factorization. We show that such term is one order of magnitude smaller than the total contribution, and thus can be safely included in the current prediction without a need of further resummation of such logarithmic terms.

Fixing the renormalization scale μR according to the principle of minimal sensitivity, suggests μR about 4 times the sum of the transverse jet energies and provides smaller theroretical uncertainties with respect to the leading order case.
Charges in the UV completion of neutral electrodynamics
Authors: Benedetti Valentin , Casini Horacio , Magán Javier M.
Published: June 2023

Abstract

A theory with a non-compact form-symmetry is described by two closed form fields of degrees k and d – k. Effective theory examples are non-linear electrodynamics, a photon field coupled to a neutron field, and a low energy Goldstone boson. We show these models cannot be completed in the UV without breaking the non-compact form-symmetry down to a compact one. This amounts to the existence of electric or magnetic charges. A theory with an unbroken non-compact k-form symmetry is massless and free.
Clock-talk: have we forgotten about geographic variation?
Authors: Bradshaw William E. , Fletcher Margaret C. , Holzapfel Christina M.
Published: June 2023

Wyeomyia smithii, the pitcher-plant mosquito, has evolved from south to north and from low to high elevations in eastern North America. Along this seasonal gradient, critical photoperiod has increased while apparent involvement of the circadian clock has declined in concert with the evolutionary divergence of populations. Response to classical experiments used to test for a circadian basis of photoperiodism varies as much within and among populations of W. smithii as have been found in the majority of all other insects and mites. The micro-evolutionary processes revealed within and among populations of W. smithii, programmed by a complex underlying genetic architecture, illustrate a gateway to the macro-evolutionary divergence of biological timing among species and higher taxa in general.
“Floating ball sign” in the diagnostic imaging of mature ovarian teratomas in children
Authors: Szymon Olga , Kiszka-Wiłkojć Aleksandra , Fryczek Małgorzata , Taczanowska-Niemczuk Anna , Wyrobek Łukasz , Górecki Wojciech
Published: June 2023

The “floating ball sign” (FBS) is a rarely described visual phenomenon found in mature ovarian teratoma imaging. It is characterized by the presence of movable, spherical areas within the cystic component of a tumor. Such visualization is possible both in cross-sectional imaging and ultrasonography. To evaluate the incidence of FBS in the pediatric population with regard to patients’ age and tumor size. This is a retrospective study of pediatric patients operated on in a tertiary pediatric surgical center between January 2009 and December 2022 due to mature ovarian teratoma; the medical records were reviewed for the age at diagnosis, recurrences, tumor size, and their characteristics in preoperative imaging. Eighty-three patients (mean age 14, range 0–17) out of 91 met the inclusion criteria for the analysis. Eighty-seven operations on 90 ovaries were performed. Preoperatively 38 patients underwent CT, 13 MRI, and 39 received only the ultrasound examination. The FBS was identified in preoperative imaging diagnostics in 3 (3.3%) girls (14, 16 and 17 years of age). The average largest tumor dimension and volume were 142 mm and 1268 cc in the FBS group, and 73 mm and 252 cc in the remaining group, respectively. FBS tumors usually reach large sizes. Although the sign is rare in children, there are no scientific reports of its occurrence in the first life decade. Color flow mapping and cross-sectional imaging play a pertinent role in distinguishing this uncommon pattern from a malignant mass and enable the selection of an appropriate surgical approach.
A systematic review of the clinical characteristics of influenza-COVID-19 co-infection
Authors: Varshney Karan , Pillay Preshon , Mustafa Ashmit Daiyan , Shen Dennis , Adalbert Jenna Renee , Mahmood Malik Quasir
Published: June 2023

COVID-19 has impacted populations across the globe and has been a major cause of morbidity and mortality. Influenza is another potentially deadly respiratory infection that affects people worldwide. While both of these infections pose major health threats, little is currently understood regarding the clinical aspects of influenza and COVID-19 co-infection. Our objective was to therefore provide a systematic review of the clinical characteristics, treatments, and outcomes for patients who are co-infected with influenza and COVID-19. Our review, which was conducted in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, involved searching for literature in seven different databases. Studies were eligible for inclusion if they included at least one co-infected patient, were available in English, and described clinical characteristics for the patients. Data were pooled after extraction. Study quality was assessed using the Joanna Brigg’s Institute Checklists. Searches produced a total of 5096 studies, and of those, 64 were eligible for inclusion. A total of 6086 co-infected patients were included, 54.1% of whom were male; the mean age of patients was 55.9 years (SD = 12.3). 73.6% of cases were of influenza A and 25.1% were influenza B. 15.7% of co-infected patients had a poor outcome (death/deterioration). The most common symptoms were fever, cough, and dyspnea, with the most frequent complications being pneumonia, linear atelectasis, and acute respiratory distress syndrome. Oseltamivir, supplemental oxygen, arbidol, and vasopressors were the most common treatments provided to patients. Having comorbidities, and being unvaccinated for influenza, were shown to be important risk factors. Co-infected patients show symptoms that are similar to those who are infected with COVID-19 or influenza only. However, co-infected patients have been shown to be at an elevated risk for poor outcomes compared to mono-infected COVID-19 patients. Screening for influenza in high-risk COVID-19 patients is recommended. There is also a clear need to improve patient outcomes with more effective treatment regimens, better testing, and higher rates of vaccination.
The Compressive and Shear Characteristics of Miura-ori Forms as Core Materials of Sandwich Structures
Authors: Karagiozova Dora , Wang Meng , Lu Guoxing
Published: June 2023

The mechanical properties of Miura-ori foldcore metamaterials were studied using finite element simulations. The responses of foldcores with various topological parameters to quasi-static out-of-plane compression and shear loading were analyzed using the relative density as a governing parameter. The non-unique relationships between the core density and the materials’ strength in the examined loading directions were revealed, pointing out the strong influence of the Miura-ori topology. Linear relationships were established between the elastic moduli and relative densities of the Miura-ori metamaterials while power-law functions of the relative density with different exponent constants were established for the strength in different loading directions. It was shown that the Miura-ori materials possess the highest strength under shear in the $${X}_{1}-{X}_{3}$$

X
1

-

X
3

plane and it increases with the increase in the relative density. However, this characteristic is strongly influenced by the sector angle $$\alpha $$
α
. In general, the difference between the two shear strengths increases when increasing the relative density by using thicker cell walls. It is noted that the strength of the Miura-ori materials as a function of the relative density is nearly constant with respect to the cell dimensions if the values of folding angle $${\gamma }_{0}$$

γ
0

and sector angle $$\alpha $$
α
are given. The mechanical characteristics of the Miura-ori material with equal relative density, which exhibits the highest strength among the analyzed origami models, are compared with the out-of-plane compression and shear responses of prismatic hexagonal honeycomb. It is observed that compression and shear responses of the honeycomb outperform the Miura-ori foldcore in all loading directions when considering large deformations.
Semidistrim Lattices
Authors: Defant Colin , Williams Nathan
Published: June 2023

We introducesemidistrim lattices, a simultaneous generalization of semidistributive and trim lattices that preserves many of their common properties. We prove that the elements of a semidistrim lattice correspond to the independent sets in an associated graph called theGalois graph, that products and intervals of semidistrim lattices are semidistrim and that the order complex of a semidistrim lattice is either contractible or homotopy equivalent to a sphere.

Semidistrim lattices have a naturalrowmotionoperator, which simultaneously generalizes Barnard’s$\overline \kappa $map on semidistributive lattices as well as Thomas and the second author’s rowmotion on trim lattices. Every lattice has an associatedpop-stack sortingoperator that sends an elementxto the meet of the elements covered byx. For semidistrim lattices, we are able to derive several intimate connections between rowmotion and pop-stack sorting, one of which involves independent dominating sets of the Galois graph.
Similarity of length scales in high-Reynolds-number wall-bounded flows
Authors: Gustenyov Nikolay , Egerer Margit , Hultmark Marcus , Smits Alexander J. , Bailey Sean C.C.
Published: June 2023

The wall dependence of length scales used to describe large- and small-scale structures of turbulence is examined using highly resolved experiments in zero-pressure-gradient turbulent boundary layers and pipe flows spanning the range

$2000< Re_\tau <37\ 700$

. Of particular interest is the influence of external intermittency on the scaling of these length scales. It is found that when suitable scaling parameters are selected and external intermittency is accounted for, the dissipative motions follow inner scaling even into the outer-scaled regions of the flow, and that certain large-scale descriptions follow outer scaling even in the inner-scaled regions of the flow. The wall dependence is the same for both internal pipe and external boundary layer flows, and the different length scales can be related to recognizable features in the longitudinal wavenumber spectrum.
Economy or ecology: metaphor use over time in China’s Government Work Reports
Authors: Sun Ya , Kong Deyi , Zhou Chenmeng
Published: June 2023

Government attention selectively distributed to various issues in policy-making processes is usually reflected in language, such as metaphors in political discourse. In addition, metaphor change may reveal how conceptualizations of major topics such as economy and ecology evolve over time. After self-building a corpus of China’s 45-year Government Work Reports, this study explores whether there is a difference in attention to topics of economy and ecology over time and investigates the diachronic change of metaphor use on them based on a modified framework for diachronic metaphor change analysis. Results show that attention to economy has been steadily decreasing while attention to ecology has been growing, and that there is an increasing tendency of using more economy and ecology metaphors. Metaphor change on the use of source domains is arranged on a continuum, ranging from constant use (war for economy and ecology, and journey and object for economy), incremental change (living organism and building for economy and ecology, and object for ecology) to fundamental change (building and living organism for ecology). This study may enrich the understanding of diachronic metaphor change by providing a Chinese perspective on the metaphor use in government discourse over time.
Changing Our Nature: Ethical Naturalism, Objectivity, and History
Authors: Congdon Matthew
Published: June 2023

This paper argues that Aristotelian ethical naturalism can combine two commitments that are often held to be incompatible: (a) a commitment to a strong form of ethical objectivity and (b) a thoroughgoing historicism about ethical value. The notions of species and life-form invoked by ethical naturalism do not, I argue, rely upon an ahistorical picture of human nature. I develop this idea by building upon Philippa Foot's defence of ethical naturalism in Natural Goodness. I go on to argue that linguistic changes in the ways we articulate the conditions of human flourishing can be understood, in some cases, as transforming those very conditions.
Clinical effectiveness of fluticasone furoate nasal spray for perennial allergic rhinitis in children: a comprehensive review
Authors: Rivera Paola Andrea
Published: June 2023

Objective

To assess the clinical effectiveness of fluticasone furoate nasal spray (FFNS) versus placebo on nasal symptoms and safety in children with perennial allergic rhinitis (AR).

Methods

A comprehensive review was conducted with data obtained from Medline and Embase databases up to April 2023. The population of interest was patients aged 2–12 years with perennial AR. The selection was limited to randomized controlled trials (RCTs), comparing FFNS with placebo. Outcomes of interest included the reflective total nasal symptoms scores (rTNSS) and safety. To assess the minimal clinically important difference for rTNSS, the Cohen’s guideline was used. If the pooled standardized mean difference (SMD) and the lower limit of the 95 percent confidence interval (CI) exceeded the threshold of −0.20, effects were considered clinically significant.

Results

Three RCTs (959 pediatric patients) were selected. One study evaluated the short-term use of FFNS, another evaluated the long-term use of FFNS, and another evaluated both the short-term and long-term use of FFNS. FFNS produced a statistically significant reduction over placebo in rTNSS (SMD −0.18; 95 percent CI −0.35 to −0.01, p = 0.03) in long-term treatment studies, but not in short-term treatment studies. However, since the mean reduction did not reach the minimum clinically important difference (SMD −0.20), these results were considered clinically not relevant. Safety outcomes with FFNS were similar to placebo.

Conclusions

The currently available evidence suggests that FFNS, 110 μg once daily, compared to placebo, does not produce a meaningful clinical effect on nasal symptom in children with perennial AR.
Estimates of mpox effective reproduction number in Spain, April–August 2022
Authors: García-García David , Gómez-Barroso Diana , Hernando Victoria , Ruiz-Algueró Marta , Simón Lorena , Sastre María , Sierra María José , Godoy Pere , Diaz Asunción
Published: June 2023

We analysed the transmission of the human mpox virus in Spain by estimating the effective reproduction number of the disease from official surveillance data. Our computations show that this decreased steadily after an initial burst phase, dropping below 1 on July 12, and thus the outbreak was expected to reduce in the following weeks. Differences in trends were found across geographical regions of the country and across MSM and heterosexual populations.
Entrainment Makes Pollution More Likely to Weaken Deep Convective Updrafts Than Invigorate Them
Authors: Peters John M. , Lebo Zachary J. , Chavas Daniel R. , Su Chun‐Yian
Published: June 2023

Are the results of aerosol invigoration studies that neglect entrainment valid for diluted deep convective clouds? We address this question by applying an entraining parcel model to soundings from tropical and midlatitude convective environments, wherein pollution is assumed to increase parcel condensate retention. Invigoration of 5%–10% and <2% is possible in undiluted tropical and midlatitude parcels respectively when freezing is rapid. This occurs because the positive buoyancy contribution from freezing is larger than the negative buoyancy contribution from condensate loading, leading to positive net condensate contribution to buoyancy. However, aerosol‐induced weakening is more likely when realistic entrainment rates occur because water losses from entrainment more substantially reduce the latent heating relative to the loading contribution. This leads to larger net negative buoyancy contribution from condensates in polluted than in clean entraining parcels. Our results demonstrate that accounting for entrainment is critical in conceptual models of aerosol indirect effects in deep convection.
Precipitation Rates of Electrons Interacting With Lower‐Band Chorus Emissions in the Inner Magnetosphere
Authors: Hsieh Yi‐Kai , Omura Yoshiharu
Published: June 2023

Electrons trapped in the Earth's magnetic field can be scattered by whistler mode chorus emissions and precipitate into the Earth's upper atmosphere. Whistler mode chorus waves propagating in the Earth's inner magnetic field are usually observed with oblique wave normal angles (WNAs). In this study, we apply 12 chorus wave models with four various WNA sets (the maximum WNA are 0°, 20°, 60°, and 90% of resonance cone angles) and three wave amplitude sets (the maximum wave magnetic fields are 2.1 nT, 307 pT, and 49.4 pT) at L = 4.5. We use test‐particle simulations to trace electrons interacting with the waves and create Green's function sets for electrons initially at kinetic energies (K) 10–6,000 keV and equatorial pitch angles (α) 5°–89°. The simulation results show that in the 2.1 nT cases, the very oblique chorus waves contribute to more electron precipitation than the other three chorus wave models, especially at energies 50–100 keV. Checking the highest initial equatorial pitch angle of the precipitated electrons, we find that the very oblique chorus waves can precipitate electrons with α > 45°. In contrast, the other chorus waves can only precipitate electrons with α < 30°. Furthermore, the precipitation rates reveal that the anomalous trapping effect, which moves low equatorial pitch angle electrons away from the loss cone, in the oblique cases is much weaker than in the parallel case, resulting in higher precipitation rates. Finally, we derive the pitch angle scattering rates and verify the precipitation by nth cyclotron resonances with oblique chorus.
Patient-derived zebrafish xenografts of uveal melanoma reveal ferroptosis as a drug target
Authors: Groenewoud Arwin , Yin Jie , Gelmi Maria Chiara , Alsafadi Samar , Nemati Fariba , Decaudin Didier , Roman-Roman Sergio , Kalirai Helen , Coupland Sarah E. , Jochemsen Aart G. , Jager Martine J. , Engel Felix B. , Snaar-Jagalska B. E.
Published: June 2023

Uveal melanoma (UM) has a high risk to progress to metastatic disease with a median survival of 3.9 months after metastases detection, as metastatic UM responds poorly to conventional and targeted chemotherapy and is largely refractory to immunotherapy. Here, we present a patient-derived zebrafish UM xenograft model mimicking metastatic UM. Cells isolated from Xmm66 spheroids derived from metastatic UM patient material were injected into 2 days-old zebrafish larvae resulting in micro-metastases in the liver and caudal hematopoietic tissue. Metastasis formation could be reduced by navitoclax and more efficiently by the combinations navitoclax/everolimus and flavopiridol/quisinostat. We obtained spheroid cultures from 14 metastatic and 10 primary UM tissues, which were used for xenografts with a success rate of 100%. Importantly, the ferroptosis-related genes GPX4 and SLC7A11 are negatively correlated with the survival of UM patients (TCGA: n = 80; Leiden University Medical Centre cohort: n = 64), ferroptosis susceptibility is correlated with loss of BAP1, one of the key prognosticators for metastatic UM, and ferroptosis induction greatly reduced metastasis formation in the UM xenograft model. Collectively, we have established a patient-derived animal model for metastatic UM and identified ferroptosis induction as a possible therapeutic strategy for the treatment of UM patients.