bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Synthesis and Conformational Characteristics of Thermosensitive Star-Shaped Six-Arm Polypeptoids
Authors: Kirila Tatyana , Smirnova Anna , Razina Alla , Tenkovtsev Andrey , Filippov Alexander
Published: April 2020

Star-shaped six-arm poly-2-alkyl-2-oxazine and poly-2-alkyl-2-oxazoline with hexaaza [26]orthoparacyclophane derivative core were synthesized successfully using cationic ring-opening polymerization. Conformational behavior of prepared polymer stars were investigated by the methods of molecular hydrodynamics and optics in molecular dispersed solutions. It was shown that conformation characteristics of star-shaped polypeptoids depends on arm length, while the chemical structure weakly affects the behavior of the studied polymers in solutions. This behavior is caused by the close equilibrium rigidity of arms. The star-shaped polypeptoids have relatively high intramolecular density. All synthesized stars exhibit LCST behavior. Phase separation temperature depends on arm structure. It is lower for poly-2-alkyl-2-oxazines, monomer units of which contains one methylene group more than monomers of poly-2-alkyl-2-oxazoline.
Robust Silica-Cellulose Composite Aerogels with a Nanoscale Interpenetrating Network Structure Prepared Using a Streamlined Process
Authors: Sai Huazheng , Zhang Jing , Jin Zhiqiang , Fu Rui , Wang Meijuan , Wang Yutong , Wang Yaxiong , Ma Litong
Published: April 2020

Silica aerogels can be strengthened by forming a nanoscale interpenetrating network (IPN) comprising a silica gel skeleton and a cellulose nanofiber network. Previous studies have demonstrated the effectiveness of this method for improving the mechanical properties and drying of aerogels. However, the preparation process is generally tedious and time-consuming. This study aims to streamline the preparation process of these composite aerogels. Silica alcosols were directly diffused into cellulose wet gels with loose, web-like microstructures, and an IPN structure was gradually formed by regulating the gelation rate. Supercritical CO2 drying followed to obtain composite aerogels. The mechanical properties were further enhanced by a simple secondary regulation process that increased the quantity of bacterial cellulose (BC) nanofibers per unit volume of the matrix. This led to the production of aerogels with excellent bendability and a high tensile strength. A maximum breaking stress and tensile modulus of 3.06 MPa and 46.07 MPa, respectively, were achieved. This method can be implemented to produce robust and bendable silica-based composite aerogels (CAs).
Phytic Acid and Biochar: An Effective All Bio-Sourced Flame Retardant Formulation for Cotton Fabrics
Authors: Barbalini Marco , Bartoli Mattia , Tagliaferro Alberto , Malucelli Giulio
Published: April 2020

Flame retardant systems based on bio-sourced products combine quite high fire performances with the low environmental impact related to their synthesis and exploitation. In this context, this work describes a new all bio-sourced flame retardant system designed and applied to cotton fabrics. In particular, it consists of phytic acid (PA), a phosphorus-based naturally occurring molecule extracted from different plant tissues, in combination with biochar (BC), a carbon-rich solid product obtained from the thermo-chemical conversion of biomasses in an oxygen-limited environment. PA and BC were mixed together at a 1:1 weight ratio in an aqueous medium, and applied to cotton at different loadings. As revealed by flammability and forced combustion tests, this bio-sourced system was able to provide significant improvements in flame retardance of cotton, even limiting the final dry add-on on the treated fabrics at 8 wt.% only. The so-treated fabrics were capable to achieve self-extinction in both horizontal and vertical flame spread tests; besides, they did not ignite under the exposure to 35 kW/m2 irradiative heat flux. Conversely, the proposed flame retardant treatment did not show a high washing fastness, though the washed flame retarded fabrics still exhibited a better flame retardant behavior than untreated cotton.
Laser-Milled Microslits Improve the Bonding Strength of Acrylic Resin to Zirconia Ceramics
Authors: Shimoe Saiji , Peng Tzu-Yu , Wakabayashi Yuki , Takenaka Hiroto , Iwaguro Shogo , Kaku Masato
Published: April 2020

Heightened aesthetic considerations in modern dentistry have generated increased interest in metal-free “zirconia-supported dentures.” The lifespan of the denture is largely determined by the strength of adhesion between zirconia and the acrylic resin. Thus, the effect on shear bond strength (SBS) was investigated by using an acrylic resin on two types of zirconia ceramics with differently sized microslits. Micromechanical reticular retention was created on the zirconia surface as the novel treatment (microslits (MS)), and air-abrasion was used as the control (CON). All samples were primed prior to acrylic resin polymerization. After the resin was cured, the SBS was tested. The obtained data were analyzed by using multivariate analysis of variance(α = 0.05). After the SBS test, the interface failure modes were observed by scanning electron microscopy. The MS exhibited significantly higher bond strength after thermal cycles (p < 0.05) than the CON. Nevertheless, statistically comparisons resulted in no significant effect of the differently sized microslits on SBS (p > 0.05). Additionally, MS (before thermal cycles: 34.8 ± 3.6 to 35.7 ± 4.0 MPa; after thermal cycles: 26.9 ± 3.1 to 32.6 ± 3.3 MPa) demonstrated greater SBS and bonding durability than that of CON (before thermal cycles: 17.3 ± 4.7 to 17.9 ± 5.8 MPa; after thermal cycles: 1.0 ± 0.3 to 1.7 ± 1.1 MPa), confirming that the micromechanical retention with laser-milled microslits was effective at enhancing the bonding strength and durability of the acrylic resin and zirconia. Polycrystalline zirconia-based ceramics are a newly accessible material for improving removable prosthodontic treatment, as the bond strength with acrylic resin can be greatly enhanced by laser milling.
Food-Grade PE Recycling: Effect of Nanoclays on the Decontamination Efficacy
Authors: Laridon Yannick , Touchaleaume François , Gontard Nathalie , Peyron Stéphane
Published: April 2020

Although PE-based nanocomposites are gaining interest within the food packaging industry for their outstanding functional properties, their end-of-life has been poorly studied. The lack of identification of such materials suggests that they could end-up in the recycling pathway optimized for the decontamination of un-filled PE. The objective of the present work is to understand and quantify the mechanisms involved in the high temperature desorption of surrogates for PE nanocomposites filled with organo-modified montmorillonite (PNC), compared to conventional PE. An original experimental setup was coupled with a modelling approach to identify the two phenomena involved in the decontamination process: diffusion of the surrogate into the bulk and its evaporation at the surface. A sweep of experimental temperatures enabled the determination of diffusion and evaporation parameters for PE and PNC and the activation energies related to the diffusivity among those two materials. The effects of the introduction of clay nanofillers onto the decontamination process have been explained and recommendations for the recycling pathway have been put forward.
The Multiple Aperture SAR Interferometry (MAI) Technique for the Detection of Large Ground Displacement Dynamics: An Overview
Authors: Mastro Pietro , Serio Carmine , Masiello Guido , Pepe Antonio
Published: April 2020

This work presents an overview of the multiple aperture synthetic aperture radar interferometric (MAI) technique, which is primarily used to measure the along-track components of the Earth’s surface deformation, by investigating its capabilities and potential applications. Such a method is widely used to monitor the time evolution of ground surface changes in areas with large deformations (e.g., due to glaciers movements or seismic episodes), permitting one to discriminate the three-dimensional (up–down, east–west, north–south) components of the Earth’s surface displacements. The MAI technique relies on the spectral diversity (SD) method, which consists of splitting the azimuth (range) Synthetic Aperture RADAR (SAR) signal spectrum into separate sub-bands to get an estimate of the surface displacement along the azimuth (sensor line-of-sight (LOS)) direction. Moreover, the SD techniques are also used to correct the atmospheric phase screen (APS) artefacts (e.g., the ionospheric and water vapor phase distortion effects) that corrupt surface displacement time-series obtained by currently available multi-temporal InSAR (MT-InSAR) tools. More recently, the SD methods have also been exploited for the fine co-registration of SAR data acquired with the Terrain Observation with Progressive Scans (TOPS) mode. This work is primarily devoted to illustrating the underlying rationale and effectiveness of the MAI and SD techniques as well as their applications. In addition, we present an innovative method to combine complementary information of the ground deformation collected from multi-orbit/multi-track satellite observations. In particular, the presented technique complements the recently developed Minimum Acceleration combination (MinA) method with MAI-driven azimuthal ground deformation measurements to obtain the time-series of the 3-D components of the deformation in areas affected by large deformation episodes. Experimental results encompass several case studies. The validity and relevance of the presented approaches are clearly demonstrated in the context of geospatial analyses.
A Framework to Inform Protective Support and Supportive Protection in Child Protection and Welfare Practice and Supervision
Authors: McGregor Caroline , Devaney Carmel
Published: April 2020

In this article, our intention is to provide an in-depth framework to inform the management of the inevitable complexity of day-to-day practice and supervision in child protection and welfare. It is based on what is now well evidenced about child protection and welfare literature in relation to risk, relationships, family support, supervision, and professional development. Using Ireland as a case example for illustration and application, we introduce an emerging framework based on a dualism of ‘protective support and supportive protection’ developed in previous work. We avail of Bronfenbrenner’s bio-ecological framework and network theories to progress this ongoing ‘work in progress’ to inform social work and social care practice and supervision in a global context as and where appropriate. We emphasize the importance of context specific approaches, the relevance of range of actors, practitioner and supervisor expertise through experience, and proactive partnership based engagement with children, families, and relevant communities in all aspects of service delivery, including evaluation. We reflect on the challenges and possible obstacles to how such a framework can inform practice and supervision. We argue that practitioners can best activate and apply the framework using a practice research approach.
Impact of Trade Openness and Human Capital on Economic Growth: A Comparative Investigation of Asian Countries
Authors: Amna Intisar Rabail , Yaseen Muhammad Rizwan , Kousar Rakhshanda , Usman Muhammad , Makhdum Muhammad Sohail Amjad
Published: April 2020

The aim of this study is to analyze the impact of trade openness and human capital on economic growth in 19 Asian countries from 1985 to 2017. We selected two geographically distributed regions (Western and Southern Asia) based on difference in their GDP per capita. We applied the unit root tests to examine the level of stationarity and found that all variables were integrated at first difference. Kao and Fisher cointegration tests were employed and the results revealed the presence of a long-run relationship. We applied fully modified ordinary least square (FMOLS) and dynamic ordinary least square (DOLS) models to check the magnitude of the long-run coefficients among trade openness, human capital and economic growth. To investigate the direction of causality, we used a Dumitrescu and Hurlin (DH) causality test. The results indicated that trade openness and human capital have a significant and positive relationship while labor force participation has a negative effect on economic growth in Southern Asia, and in the case of Western Asia, the impact is positive. Foreign direct investment (FDI) has a negative and significant impact on GDP per capita (GDPPC) in Western Asia while it is positive and significant in Southern Asia; Total population (TPOP) has a negative impact on GDPPC in both regions. Furthermore, human capital has a positive and significant impact on trade openness in both panels. Meanwhile, labor force participation (LFP) has a positive and significant impact on trade openness in Southern Asia and a negative impact in the case of Western Asia. Trade openness and economic growth have bidirectional causality in Western Asia and unidirectional causality in Southern Asia. It also shows that human capital and economic growth have unidirectional causality in both regions.
Development of Micro-Mobility Based on Piezoelectric Energy Harvesting for Smart City Applications
Authors: Jettanasen Chaiyan , Songsukthawan Panapong , Ngaopitakkul Atthapol
Published: April 2020

This study investigates the use of an alternative energy source in the production of electric energy to meet the increasing energy requirements, encourage the use of clean energy, and thus reduce the effects of global warming. The alternative energy source used is a mechanical energy by piezoelectric material, which can convert mechanical energy into electrical energy, that can convert mechanical energy from pressure forces and vibrations during activities such as walking and traveling into electrical energy. Herein, a pilot device is designed, involving the modification of a bicycle into a stationary exercise bike with a piezoelectric generator, to study energy conversion and storage generated from using the bike. Secondly, the piezoelectric energy harvesting system is used on bicycles as a micro-mobility, light electric utility vehicle with smart operation, providing a novel approach to smart city design. The results show that the energy harvested from the piezoelectric devices can be stored in a 3200 mAh, 5 V battery and power sensors on the bicycle. Moreover, 13.6 mW power can be generated at regular cycling speed, outputting 11.5 V and 1.2 mA. Therefore, the piezoelectric energy harvesting system has sufficient potential for application as a renewable energy source that can be used with low power equipment.
Situation Analysis of Policies for Electric Mobility Development: Experience from Five European Regions
Authors: Petrauskiene Kamile , Dvarioniene Jolanta , Kaveckis Giedrius , Kliaugaite Daina , Chenadec Julie , Hehn Leonie , Pérez Berta , Bordi Claudio , Scavino Giorgio , Vignoli Andrea , Erman Michael
Published: April 2020

The decarbonization of the mobility and energy sector is one of the major necessary trends for achieving targets set for the European Union (EU) in the 2020 and 2030 climate and energy frameworks. Two key technologies which offer great potential for climate change mitigation are electric vehicles (EVs) and renewable energies (REs). Thus, there is the need for innovative and stable policies in order to favor these technologies. The purpose of the study is to identify and compare features of policies for the integration of EVs, REs, and information and communication technology (ICT). This study uses an integrated Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats (SWOT), and Political, Economic, Social, Technological, Environmental and Legal (PESTEL) qualitative methodology in order to show different policies and initiatives, related to e-mobility, RE and ICT, collected from five European regions. This research provides discernments to the EVs and RE challenges, such as the lack of capacity to deal with high energy demands or limited EV-charging infrastructure. On the contrary, a high percentage of REs share, raising climate change awareness, and decreasing EV prices which are great opportunities for the whole EU. Such insights encourage policymakers and other groups of interest to improve their RE and mobility policies, which could lead to effective sustainable mobility systems in urban areas.
Evaluation System: Evaluation of Smart City Shareable Framework and Its Applications in China
Authors: Li Chengming , Dai Zhaoxin , Liu Xiaoli , Sun Wei
Published: April 2020

Smart city evaluation is a critical component in smart city construction and plays an important role in guiding and promoting smart development of cities. Currently, existing research and applications of smart city evaluation are still in the exploration stage. They mainly focus on evaluation of one single aspect, use indicators with distinct regional characteristics and poor extensibility, and cannot be well-integrated with common and shareable smart city frameworks; these limitations have led to biased evaluation results. Based on a common and shareable smart city framework, this paper proposes a well-integrated, universal, strongly practical, and highly extensible evaluation system. Then, using the above-mentioned evaluation system, 17 smart cities in China are assessed. This application demonstrates that the evaluation system plays an important guiding role for better understanding the overall smart city platform construction situation in China, performing horizontal comparisons and establishing benchmarks among smart cities. Comparative analyses of indicators demonstrate that future smart city construction in China should pay more attention to novel innovations, the construction of dynamic information resources and spatiotemporal big data.
Effects of Urban Morphology on Microclimate Parameters in an Urban University Campus
Authors: Zaki Sheikh Ahmad , Othman Nurnida Elmira , Syahidah Siti Wan , Yakub Fitri , Muhammad-Sukki Firdaus , Ardila-Rey Jorge Alfredo , Shahidan Mohd Fairuz , Mohd Saudi Ahmad Shakir
Published: April 2020

This study investigated the effects of urban morphology on microclimate parameters in an urban university campus in Malaysia. Outdoor air temperatures (Tout) were recorded at eight different locations inside the campus for seven days. The study used three urban morphological parameters such as green cover ratio, height-to-width (H/W) ratio, and sky view factor (SVF). The relationship between urban morphological parameters and Tout obtained from in situ measurements was investigated. The results showed that, at a dense green cover ratio of 22% in a 7833 m2 area where the H/W ratio was 0.2, Tout was reduced by about 1% due to a long building shadow cover (12 h) and a high range of SVF (from 0.61 to 0.68). The use of geographic information system (GIS) to generate the spatial data of Universiti Teknologi Malaysia Kuala Lumpur Campus (UTMKL), morphological features and in situ Tout distributions provided useful information of Tout variations, and proved the applicability of GIS as a useful tool in smart city urban planning.
The Potential of Long-Acting, Tissue-Targeted Synthetic Nanotherapy for Delivery of Antiviral Therapy Against HIV Infection
Authors: Halling Folkmar Andersen Anna , Tolstrup Martin
Published: April 2020

Oral administration of a combination of two or three antiretroviral drugs (cART) has transformed HIV from a life-threatening disease to a manageable infection. However, as the discontinuation of therapy leads to virus rebound in plasma within weeks, it is evident that, despite daily pill intake, the treatment is unable to clear the infection from the body. Furthermore, as cART drugs exhibit a much lower concentration in key HIV residual tissues, such as the brain and lymph nodes, there is a rationale for the development of drugs with enhanced tissue penetration. In addition, the treatment, with combinations of multiple different antiviral drugs that display different pharmacokinetic profiles, requires a strict dosing regimen to avoid the emergence of drug-resistant viral strains. An intriguing opportunity lies within the development of long-acting, synthetic scaffolds for delivering cART. These scaffolds can be designed with the goal to reduce the frequency of dosing and furthermore, hold the possibility of potential targeting to key HIV residual sites. Moreover, the synthesis of combinations of therapy as one molecule could unify the pharmacokinetic profiles of different antiviral drugs, thereby eliminating the consequences of sub-therapeutic concentrations. This review discusses the recent progress in the development of long-acting and tissue-targeted therapies against HIV for the delivery of direct antivirals, and examines how such developments fit in the context of exploring HIV cure strategies.
Estudo da percepção ambiental dos alunos dos cursos técnicos em Agropecuária e Agroindústria do IFMT Campus Confresa
Authors: Nascimento Nayara Menezes , Silva Iberê Marti Moreira , Paz Brenda Vieira da , Vale Beatriz Santos Conceição do
Published: April 2020

Este estudo foi desenvolvido para avaliar a percepção ambiental e dos resíduos de alunos do ensino Técnico Agroindústria e Técnico Agropecuária 1° e 3° ano, do Instituto Federal Campus Confresa que fica no Município de Confresa, localizada na região Centro Oeste de Mato Grosso, Brasil. Foi aplicado um questionário individual a 182 indivíduos, no mês de outubro de 2018, que responderam sobre questões que abordavam indivíduo/ambiente; contaminação ambiental pelos resíduos; percepção dos alunos com resíduos, coleta seletiva, preservação ambiental, educação ambiental; hábitos pessoas com meio ambiente. Os resultados obtidos revelam que os alunos compreendem suas responsabilidades com a contaminação e preservação ambiental, no entanto muitas ações não dependem somente deles, mas também das instituições públicas e privadas que muitas vezes suas ações não se transformam em práticas, e todos são responsáveis por cuidar não só do ambiente onde se vive, assim como em qualquer lugar que estiver.
Sedimentology and sequence stratigraphy of the Bryne and Lulu Formations, Middle Jurassic, northern Danish Central Graben
Authors: Andsbjerg Jan
Published: April 2020

The Middle Jurassic Bryne and Lulu Formations of the Søgne Basin (northern part of the Danish Central Graben) consist of fluvially-dominated coastal plain deposits, overlain by interfingering shoreface and back-barrier deposits. Laterally continuous, mainly fining-upwards fluvial channel sandstones that locally show evidence for tidal influence dominate the alluvial/coastal plain deposits of the lower Bryne Formation. The sandstones are separated by units of fine-grained floodplain sediments that show a fining-upwards – coarsening-upwards pattern and locally grade into lacustrine mudstones. A regional unconformity that separates the lower Bryne Formation from the mainly estuarine upper Bryne Formation is defined by the strongly erosional base of a succession of stacked channel sandstones, interpreted as the fill of a system of incised valleys. Most of the stacked channel sandstones show abundant mud laminae and flasers, and rare herringbone structures, suggesting that they were deposited in a tidal environment, probably an estuary. Several tens of metres of the lower Bryne Formation may have been removed by erosion at this unconformity. The estuarine channel sandstone succession is capped by coal beds that attain a thickness of several metres in the western part of the Søgne Basin, but are thin and poorly developed in the central part of the basin. Above the coal beds, the Lulu Formation is dominated by various types of tidally influenced paralic deposits in the western part of the basin and by coarsening-upwards shoreface and beach deposits in central parts. Westwards-thickening wedges of paralic deposits interfinger with eastwards-thickening wedges of shallow marine deposits. The Middle Jurassic succession is subdivided into nine sequences. In the lower Bryne Formation, sequence boundaries are situated at the base of laterally continuous fluvial channel sandstones whereas maximum flooding surfaces are placed in laterally extensive floodplain or lacustrine mudstones. The unconformity that separates the alluvial plain deposits of the lower Bryne Formation from the estuary deposits of the upper Bryne Formation is interpreted as a sequence boundary that bounds a system of incised valleys in the western and southern parts of the basin. Sequence boundaries in the Lulu Formation are situated at the top of progradational shoreface units or at the base of estuarine channels. Maximum flooding surfaces are located within marine or lagoonal mudstone units. Marine highstand deposits are partitioned seawards, in the eastern part of the basin, whereas paralic transgressive deposits are partitioned landwards, in the west. This marked sediment partitioning in the uppermost part of the succession resulted from the alternation of episodes of fault-induced half-graben subsidence with periods of slow uniform subsidence.
Recycled polypropylene Tiles: - From waste to wealth
Authors: Siddiquee Aleena Naseer , Varshney Swati , Singh Kanwarjeet , Arora Gaurav
Published: April 2020

The main objective of this research work is the development of multipurpose light weight polypropylene (PP) tiles by injection moulding technique from recycled polypropylene. The base material selected for this product is polypropylene (PP) which is a common thermoplastic commodity plastic having melting point of 140°C. PP is a polymer material that offers good quality of elasticity, toughness, high mechanical strength with great aesthetic properties. Various compositions of recycled PP composite along with PP copolymer and acrylo butadiene styrene (ABS) have been formulated. These recycled composite materials have been processed by an injection molding machine to tiles and characterized for various properties to confirm its feasibility for commercial application. PP tiles having PP copolymer and ABS shows highest value to tensile strength i.e. 36.2 N/mm2. These tiles can be used as a better substitute in order to replace conventional tiles and can also resolves plastic land filling problem
Deep Learning Framework for Steel Surface Defects Classification
Authors: Singari Ranganath , Singla Karun , Chawla Gangesh
Published: April 2020

Deep learning has offered new avenues in the field of industrial management. Traditional methods of quality inspection such as Acceptance Sampling relies on a probabilistic measure derived from inspecting a sample of finished products. Evaluating a fixed number of products to derive the quality level for the complete batch is not a robust approach. Visual inspection solutions based on deep learning can be employed in the large manufacturing units to improve the quality inspection units for steel surface defect detection. This leads to optimization of the human capital due to reduction in manual intervention and turnaround time in the overall supply chain of the industry. Consequently, the sample size in the Acceptance sampling can be increased with minimal effort vis-à-vis an increase in the overall accuracy of the inspection. The learning curve of this work is supported by Convolutional Neural Network which has been used to extract feature representations from grayscale images to classify theinputs into six types of surface defects. The neural network architecture is compiled in Keras framework using Tensorflow backend with state of the art Adam RMS Prop with Nesterov Momentum (NADAM) optimizer. The proposed classification algorithm holds the potential to identify the dominant flaws in the manufacturing system responsible for leaking costs.
PSYCHOLOGICAL ADJUSTMENT OF MUSLIM CHINESE INTERNATIONAL STUDENTS IN MALAYSIA
Authors: Tuerxun Sainula , Hisham Nik A. , Abdulla Ridhuan , Khalid Nur Syahidah
Published: April 2020

International students are growing in numbers in Malaysian college and university campuses since the commercialization of education at the tertiary level introduced in the 1990s. More significantly, there is an increase in the Muslim student population as more and more young Muslims come to Malaysia from different parts of the world. For example, there is a substantial increase in Muslim students from the People’s Republic of China (PRC) who see Malaysia as a peaceful and developing Muslim country. The aim of this qualitative study is to explore the thoughts and experiences of Muslim students from China studying at different Malaysian universities. Six Muslim students from RPC were interviewed in this study, and based on the data obtained from the interviews, the findings were categorized into several themes. Most Muslim-Chinese students found it difficult to adjust to the new environment, especially in terms of climate, food, and infrastructure. The students also found that language was a barrier in their interactions with the locals. At the individual level, the students suffered from loneliness and homesickness and also found that their financial situation posed a challenge. In the course of the study, several coping strategies were identified that the students had adopted in their pursuit of knowledge in Malaysia. On the other hand, they felt supported in their efforts to adjust to living in Malaysia by university management, faculty members, local students, and friends. Overall, the students concluded that Malaysia is a peaceful and beautiful country characterized by the kindness, tolerance, and helpfulness of her people. Finally, the students recommended that services and facilities should be improved for all international students in Malaysia.
Socio cultural and agricultural local wisdom by cetho indigenous community to preserve the nature
Authors: Prayoga Kadhung , Riezky Adietya Muhammad , Syuhada Aditya Rafi , Prayoga Dimas Setyo
Published: April 2020

The green revolution has left a trail of civilization that is so awesome. Indonesia reached self-sufficiency in food through changes about ways of farming in the community. However, the development strategy which is the big push is gradually getting eliminates the values of local wisdom in farming activity. Farmers are directed in uniformity, from the use of the seeds, fertilizers, and pesticides. As a result, many local plant seed began to become extinct and replaced by new varieties that are sometimes incompatible with the environment. For this reason, this paper is present with the aim of seeing how the local wisdom plays a role in agricultural practices in the hamlet of Cetho, especially in terms of seedling onion. The approach used is a qualitative approach using descriptive method and the analysis of the discourse. The data used are the primary and secondary data collected through methods of the study of literature, interviews and observation. From the discussion it is known that in agricultural practices conducted by the people of Cetho hamlet is still full of local traditions that envelop. Local wisdom that exists not only related to the problem of solidarity among the people but has been rooted to the community activities in farming and its efforts to achieve environmental balance. One of them is in the manufacture and storage of onion seeds. The process, farmers choose seeds from the remaining good quality harvest, tied up and placed in a place that is in the kitchen ceiling. The goal is that the smoke from the fireplace can be about onion seeds so as to resist pest attack disease. This local wisdom has been obtained from generation to generation and practiced daily. However, it is necessary to study from the government or researchers related to onion seeds produced like this in the framework of the development of nature conservation based on local knowledge of the community.
Problem-based learning for inter-professional education: evidence from an inter-professional PBL module on palliative care
Authors: McKee Nora , D'Eon Marcel , Trinder Krista
Published: April 2020

Introduction: The objective of this article was to analyze the theory and pedagogical basis of the use of problem-based learning (PBL) for inter-professional education (IPE) in undergraduate health science education and present evidence from a palliative care iPBL (inter-professional PBL) module that confirms the importance of the two methodologies being used together. Methods: More than 1000 student surveys collected over 4 years were analyzed for components of usefulness, enjoyment and facilitator effectiveness. A retrospective self-assessment of learning was used for both content knowledge of palliative care and knowledge of the other professions participating in the module. Results: Statistically significant gains in knowledge were recorded in both areas assessed. Medical students reported lower gains in knowledge than those in other programs. Scores were moderately high for usefulness and facilitator effectiveness. Scores for enjoyment were very high at 5.19 out of a total score of 6.0. Conclusion: There is strong theoretical and empirical evidence that PBL is a useful method to deliver IPE for palliative care education. With the evidence presented from the palliative care iPBL it is our contention that PBL inter-professional cases should be utilized more often, incorporated into IPE programs generally, and researched more rigorously.
Variants of prenatal ultrasound imaging of omphalocele in the fetus
Authors: Gordienko I , Grebinichenko G , Tarapurova O , Velychko A
Published: April 2020

Purpose - to present characteristic features of prenatal ultrasound imaging in omphalocele among patients of the Department of Fetal Medicine, to describe most common typical variants. Material and methods. A retrospective analysis of 201 ultrasound examinations in 150 patients with omphalocele in the fetus, which were referred to the Department of Fetal Medicine in 2007-2018. Results. The most common typical variants of ultrasound imaging/anatomical variants of omphalocele in the fetus are presented. According to hernia content there were following frequent variants: “intestine” in 48.15 %, "intestine + liver" in 31.11 %, "intestine + liver + stomach" in 15.56 %, "liver" in 5.19 %. A working classification of omphalocele by size is proposed and 4 gradations are distinguished: small, medium, large and giant. Incidence of chromosomal pathology was significantly higher in small-sized omphalocele (44 %) and rate of associated structural pathology was high in large (54.5 %) and giant omphalocele (72.7 %). Conclusion. The study showed significant variability of size and anatomical variants of omphalocele in the fetus. In 44.9 % of cases anatomical variants of severe pathology with large or giant size omphalocele were present. Key words: congenital malformations, abdominal wall defects, variants of omphalocele, chromosomal pathology.
Camponeses e a predisposição à revolta:
Authors: Zimerman Artur
Published: April 2020

A literatura internacional que trata de revoluções agrárias discorda sobre qual categoria de camponeses se rebela. Alguns estudiosos frisam que o grupo dos sem-terra (arrendatários, trabalhadores rurais e invasores) é o precursor da revolução agrária de massas, enquanto outros dão ênfase aos pequenos proprietários como tendo um papel revolucionário proeminente. A pesquisa abrange esse tema e tenta encontrar o perfil revolucionário do camponês. Apesar da relevância do papel do líder ser mencionado neste texto, o estudo em questão focaliza as massas rurais como precursores da revolução, e quais atores dentro delas são os revolucionários de facto. No final, conclui-se que parte de ambos os grupos se rebelam. Somente camponeses de classes mais baixas, que possuem uma relação patrão-cliente com os latifundiários não se rebelam.
Minimizing the Weight of Cantilever Beam via Metaheuristic Methods by Using Different Population-Iteration Combinations
Authors: Yücel Melda , Bekdaş Gebrai̇l , Ni̇gdeli̇ Si̇nan Meli̇h
Published: April 2020

Since a long time, metaheuristic algorithms are benefited to detect the best results for any optimization problem. Furthermore, these methods are used to prevent of time, effort and cost losses, while they are performing the optimization process. Hence, in this study, a cantilever beam model, which is one of the structural optimization problem from civil engineering area, was handled with the aim of minimization of the total weight by find the optimum section values consisting of hollow section depths and widths. For this reason, three different methods including the algorithms that artificial bee colony (ABC), bat (BA), and a modified bat (MBA) combining of BA with Lévy flight, were operated. Additionally, several applications previously carried out for this model, were presented in order to compare of optimization results (minimum objective function with optimum design variable values), and success of proposed algorithm was showed with statistical results and optimization parameter values.
Kainotropite, Cu4Fe3+O2(V2O7)(VO4), a new mineral with a complex vanadate anion from fumarolic exhalations of the Tolbachik volcano, Kamchatka, Russia
Authors: Pekov Igor V. , Zubkova Natalia V. , Yapaskurt Vasiliy O. , Polekhovsky Yury S. , Britvin Sergey N. , Turchkova Anna G. , Sidorov Evgeny G. , Pushcharovsky Dmitry Yu.
Published: April 2020

The new mineral kainotropite Cu4Fe3+O2(V2O7)(VO4) was found in sublimates of fumaroles related to the Tolbachik volcano, Kamchatka, Russia. The holotype specimen originates from the Yadovitaya fumarole at the Second scoria cone of the Northern Breakthrough of the Great Tolbachik Fissure Eruption; associated minerals are hematite, langbeinite, calciolangbeinite, tenorite, piypite, lyonsite, rutile, pseudobrookite, sanidine, and lammerite. In paleo-fumarolic deposits of Mountain 1004 kainotropite is associated with diopside and hematite. It forms prismatic crystals up to 0.2 × 0.2 × 0.5 mm3, isolated or combined in clusters up to 0.7 mm across. Kainotropite is iron-black to reddish-black, with semi-metallic luster. Dcalc is 4.10 g/cm3. In reflected light, kainotropite is grey, weakly anisotropic. The reflectance values [Rmax–Rmin,% (λ, nm)] are: 18.3–17.3 (470), 17.3–16.3 (546), 16.9–15.7 (589), 16.3–15.1 (650). The chemical composition of the holotype sample (wt.%, electron microprobe) is: CuO 46.69, Al2O3 1.40, Fe2O3 10.04, TiO2 0.32, V2O5 37.58, As2O5 2.55, MoO3 0.76, total 99.34. The empirical formula, based on 13 O apfu, is: Cu3.96Fe3+0.85Al0.19Ti0.03(V2.78As0.15Mo0.04)Σ2.97O13. Kainotropite is orthorhombic, Pnma, a = 14.139(2), b = 6.7102(7), c = 11.4177(15) Å, V = 1083.3(2) Å3, and Z = 4. The strongest reflections of the powder XRD pattern [d,Å(I)(hkl)] are: 8.89(100)(101), 5.728(33)(002), 3.698(35)(212), 3.357(52)(020,203), 3.034(77)(220), 2.968(60)(303), and 2.655(27)(321,204). The crystal structure was solved from single-crystal XRD data, R = 0.085. Kainotropite represents a novel structure type. Cu2+ polyhedra (distorted tetragonal pyramids and strongly distorted octahedra) and Fe3+ octahedra are connected via common edges to form zigzag ribbons. Adjacent ribbons are connected by both V2O7 and VO4 groups (isolated from each other) to form a heteropolyhedral pseudo-framework. The name kainotropite is derived from the Greek word καινóτρoπoς, unusual, in allusion to its uncommon (for natural vanadates) anionic composition: it is the first mineral containing both pyrovanadate (V2O7)4– and orthovanadate (VO4)3– anions.
АНАЛІЗ СТАНУ ГАЛУЗІ КРОЛІВНИЦТВА В УКРАЇНІ
Authors: Гончар О.Ф. , Бойко О.В. , Гавриш О.М.
Published: April 2020

Проаналізовано сучасний стан галузі кролівництва у світі, визначено що Китай, Північна Корея та Єгипет це країни де виробництву м’яса кролів приділяють найбільше уваги, на ці країни припадає 76,2% виробництва усієї кролятини у світі, а також зазначено яким чином уряд Китаю сприяв розвитку галузі. Також зроблено аналіз стану галузі в Україні. Встановлено що у 2018 році вироблено 12,2 тис. т. кролятини, це близько одного відсотка від загального світового виробництва. Спостерігається зниження темпів виробництва в порівнянні з 2000 – 2014 роками, коли відбувалася стабілізація виробництва, і надзвичайний спад у порівнянні з 1980 роком, коли за рік було вироблено у живій масі 129,7 тис. тонн кролятини. Стан виробництва не задовольняє мінімальні потреби населення України. При нормі споживання кролятини 2 кг на душу населення, в Україні фактично споживається в середньому 284 г. Для забезпечення населення країни виробництво має становити 84,0 тис. тонн кролятини на рік, тобто майже у сім разів більше нинішнього показника виробництва. Встановлено, що загальна чисельність поголів’я кролів у господарствах усіх категорій в Україні становить 4,773 млн голів. Розміщене воно не рівномірно на території країни. Так, найбільшими виробниками є господарства Київської, Житомирської, Вінницької областей, на долю яких припадає 1,443 млн голів або 30,2 %. Найменші – в Рівненській, Херсонській і Луганській областях, всього 2,3%. Основна кількість поголів’я кролів в Україні припадає на особисті селянські господарства – 97,1% і біля трьох відсотків – на сільськогосподарські підприємства. Динаміка зміни кількості поголів’я свідчить про те, що в сільськогосподарських підприємствах спостерігається стабільний приріст поголів’я кролів. Але на загальну кількість поголів’я це має незначний вплив. Визначено породний склад поголів’я кролів в Україні, переважно це імпортні породи; 45% від усього поголів’я припадає на новозеландську білу та каліфорнійську породу. Запропоновано перспективні напрямами розвитку кролівництва в Україні.
Conforto Térmico nas Edificações: Materiais e Técnicas Construtivas. Um estudo comparativo entre a cidade de Ouro Preto - Brasil e Porto - Portugal
Authors: Lima da Cruz Maria Cláudia
Published: April 2020

O presente trabalho tem a intenção de tratar as questões relacionadas aos estudos de conforto ambiental, analisando o comportamento térmico das edificações no sentido de estudar soluções arquitetônicas através do uso de técnicas construtivas e materiais que propõem minimizar o desconforto térmico no ambiente construído. A pesquisa tem como objetivo identificar e analisar a presença de calor ou frio, desconforto térmico nas edificações e localizar as possíveis características construtivas que são responsáveis por estes fenômenos. Para um melhor entendimento do assunto foram feitos estudos comparativos de conforto térmico relacionado com as edificações e seus materiais componentes entre a cidade de Ouro Preto – Minas Gerais – Brasil e Porto – Portugal, edifícios escolhidos pela importância histórica nos dois países e considerados bens do patrimônio da humanidade. Dentro desse contexto foi realizada uma revisão bibliográfica de diversos trabalhos sobre a arquitetura local e os recursos naturais de conforto ambiental buscando conhecer e relatar a importância da utilização correta dos materiais e das técnicas como uma estratégia eficiente na busca do conforto.
Prescriptions for Correcting Ultraviolet-based Redshifts for Luminous Quasars at High Redshift
Authors: Dix Cooper , Shemmer Ohad , Brotherton Michael S. , Green Richard F. , Mason Michelle , Myers Adam D.
Published: April 2020

High-redshift quasars typically have their redshift determined from rest-frame ultraviolet (UV) emission lines. However, these lines, and more specifically the prominent C iv
λ1549 emission line, are typically blueshifted yielding highly uncertain redshift estimates compared to redshifts determined from rest-frame optical emission lines. We present near-infrared spectroscopy of 18 luminous quasars at 2.15 < z < 3.70 that allows us to obtain reliable systemic redshifts for these sources. Together with near-infrared spectroscopy of an archival sample of 44 quasars with comparable luminosities and redshifts, we provide prescriptions for correcting UV-based redshifts. Our prescriptions reduce velocity offsets with respect to the systemic redshifts by ∼140 km s−1 and reduce the uncertainty on the UV-based redshift by ∼25% with respect to the best method currently used for determining such values. We also find that the redshifts determined from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey Pipeline for our sources suffer from significant uncertainties, which cannot be easily mitigated. We discuss the potential of our prescriptions to improve UV-based redshift corrections given a much larger sample of high-redshift quasars with near-infrared spectra.
Quasi-periodic Pulsation Detected in Lyα Emission During Solar Flares
Authors: Li Dong , Lu Lei , Ning Zongjun , Feng Li , Gan Weiqun , Li Hui
Published: April 2020

We investigated the quasi-periodic pulsation (QPP) in Lyα, X-ray, and extreme-ultraviolet (EUV) emissions during two solar flares, i.e., an X-class (SOL2012-01-27T) and a C-class (SOL2016-02-08T). The full-disk Lyα and X-ray flux during these solar flares were recorded by the EUV Sensor and X-Ray Sensor on board the Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite. The flare regions were located from the EUV images measured by the Atmospheric Imaging Assembly. The QPP could be identified as a series of regular and periodic peaks in the light curves, and its quasi-periodicity was determined from the global wavelet and Fourier power spectra. A quasi-periodicity at about 3 minutes is detected during the impulsive phase of the X-class flare, which could be explained as the acoustic wave in the chromosphere. Interestingly, a quasi-periodicity at roughly 1 minute is discovered during the entire evolutionary phases of solar flares, including the precursor, impulsive, and gradual phases. This is the first report of 1 minute QPP in the Lyα emission during solar flares, in particular during the flare precursor. It may be interpreted as a self-oscillatory regime of the magnetic reconnection, such as magnetic dripping.
Pakistan : un pays de plus de 200 millions d’habitants en retard dans la transition démographique
Authors: Goujon Anne , Wazir Asif , Gailey Nicholas
Published: April 2020

Le Pakistan comptait 208 millions d’habitants en 2017 d’après le dernier recensement de sa population. Celle-ci s’est accrue de 2,4 % par an depuis le recensement précédent de 1998. Le pays connaît une transition démographique plus lente que la plupart de ses voisins d’Asie. L’indice synthétique de fécondité (ISF) y est plus élevé, 3,6 enfants par femme en moyenne en 2017, et y baisse plus lentement.
Effect of Saccharomyces cerevisiae UFMG A-905 in a murine model of food allergy
Authors: Miranda V.C. , Santos S.S. , Assis H.C. , Faria A.M.C. , Quintanilha M.F. , Morão R.P. , Nicoli J.R. , Cara D.C. , Martins F.S.
Published: April 2020

Food allergy is triggered when there is an abnormal activation of the immune system by food allergens. Currently, there is no curative therapy for this pathological condition. Due to the immunomodulatory properties of probiotics they are potential candidates as therapeutic tools for food allergy. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the probiotic effect of Saccharomyces cerevisiae UFMG A-905 (905) in an in vivo model of food allergy. Probiotic effect was assessed by clinical, histological, immunological and microbiological parameters analysis. Furthermore, we also evaluated if 905 after inactivation has an effect, as well as if such an effect is dose dependent. Our results showed that oral administration of only viable 905 promotes a significant attenuation of tissue injury and myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity levels. Moreover, the treatment reduced interleukin 17 levels, and administration of the supernatant from the yeast culture also promoted a significant decrease in MPO levels. However, considering the systemic parameters, immunoglobulin (Ig)E and IgG anti-ovalbumin, which are essentials for triggering the allergic process, there was no effect, suggesting that the yeast promotes a local but not a systemic effect in the model evaluated. In addition, we found that only high doses of viable 905 were able to attenuate the signs of inflammation. In conclusion, oral administration of 905 led to a local effect that depends on the viability of the yeast.