bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The (r)evolutionary artist book
Authors: White Tony
Published: June 2014

This article discusses the history of the artist book in the last decades of the twentieth century and into the twenty-first century. The author will make a case that the artist book, as a genre within contemporary art, is primarily a twentieth-century phenomenon, linked to pre-Internet economics of production and distribution. This article includes relevant discussion of the semantics and rhetoric of artists’ books following Diane Vanderlip’s first use of the phrase ‘Artists Books’ in 1973. In the 1980s, with the advent of desktop publishing and what-you-see-is-what-you-get (WYSIWYG) design software, a paradigm shift occurred with respect to independent design and prepress production. Also at this time the on-going innovations in home printer technologies increased access to and awareness of book publishing by graphic designers, and any others with creative ideas and an interest in independent publishing. With the launch of the World Wide Web in the 1990s, the genre was further transformed. Through this transformation artist book production moved from a local publishing phenomenon to one that was global and inclusive of independent publishing by artists, designers and others. New modes of production including print-on-demand and virtual bookshops further democratized access to independent publishing by anyone.
Collaborative engagement approaches for delivering sustainable infrastructure projects in the AEC sector: A review
Authors:   Sch. of Built & Natural Env. University of Central Lancashire, Preston, UK, Adetola Alaba , Goulding Jack ,   Sch. of Built & Natural Env. University of Central Lancashire, Preston, UK, Liyanage Champika ,   Sch. of Built & Natural Env. University of Central Lancashire, Preston, UK
Published: June 2014

The public sector has traditionally financed and operated infrastructure projects using resources from taxes and various levies (e.g. fuel taxes, road user charges). However, the rapid increase in human population growth coupled with extended globalisation complexities and associated social/political/economic challenges have placed new demands on the purveyors and operators of infrastructure projects. The importance of delivering quality infrastructure has been underlined by the United Nations declaration of the Millennium Development Goals; as has the provision of ‘adequate’ basic structures and facilities necessary for the well-being of urban populations in developing countries. Thus, in an effort to finance developing countries’ infrastructure needs, most countries have adopted some form of public-private collaboration strategy. This paper critically reviews these collaborative engagement approaches, identifies and highlights 10 critical themes that need to be appropriately captured and aligned to existing business models in order to successfully deliver sustainable infrastructure projects. Research findings show that infrastructure services can be delivered in many ways, and through various routes. For example, a purely public approach can cause problems such as slow and ineffective decision-making, inefficient organisational and institutional augmentation, and lack of competition and inefficiency (collectively known as government failure). On the other hand, adopting a purely private approach can cause problems such as inequalities in the distribution of infrastructure services (known as market failure). Thus, to overcome both government and market failures, a collaborative approach is advocated which incorporates the strengths of both of these polarised positions.
An emergent form of client-led supply chain governance in UK construction: CLANS
Authors:   Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, EH14 4AS, UK, Tennant Stuart , Fernie Scott ,   Loughborough University, Loughborough,LE11 3TU, UK
Published: June 2014

Drawing inspiration and legitimacy from the traditions of organisational theory and in particular alternative mechanisms of organisational governance, the research explores an emergent, clan form of client-led supply chain governance in UK construction. Clan mechanisms of organisational governance are described as hybrid structures of exchange, neither pro-market nor organisational hierarchy. Not to be mistaken with alternative mechanisms of exchange such as networks, clan forms of client-led supply chain management are readily distinguishable by their highly socialised marketplace, enduring relationships and community of practice. A qualitative research strategy is adopted for this exploration of clan forms of client-led supply chain governance. Data collection uses semi-structured interviews, recorded, coded and analyzed. Participants include senior industry figures from a cross-section of construction stakeholder organisations, including client bodies, first tier service providers and construction contractors. In contrast to much of the prevailing work in construction supply chain management research, the findings draw specific attention to a hybrid form of organisational governance rarely discussed: namely clans. In light of challenging economic conditions, the recognition and potential contribution of clans as an alternative mechanism of governance is a timely and valuable contribution to the ongoing construction supply chain management debate.
A framework for subcontractor integration in Alliance contracts
Authors:   Auckland University of Technology, New Zealand, Vilasini Nimesha , Neitzert Thomas ,   Auckland University of Technology, New Zealand, Rotimi James ,   Auckland University of Technology, New Zealand, Windapo Abimbola ,   University of Cape Town, South Africa
Published: June 2014

Project alliancing involves the active collaboration of construction project owners and non-owner participants (designer, contractors, and suppliers) to deliver projects in an atmosphere of shared responsibilities and liabilities. Alliancing connotes integration but in real practice, it fails to create a true alliance environment since only part of the value chain (owner, designer, main contractor) is considered for integration. Consequently subcontractors are very often left out of the key alliance. Therefore this study identifies improvement areas to current alliance practice and suggests changes that will permit critical sub-contracting processes to be integrated into a project’s main alliance. To achieve this objective the research follows a comparative study approach. Information obtained from relevant literature is used to identify current subcontractor management practices and best practices for subcontractor integration in alliances. A case study of an alliance project is used to identify improvement areas in subcontractor management practices in an alliance environment. From these findings, the study proposes a revised alliance framework that integrates subcontractors from the early stages in alliance contracts, thus enabling the realisation of benefits accruable to projects through early contractor involvement.
Directions for future construction supply chain management research in New Zealand:A real options perspective
Authors:   Anson & Projects, Auckland, New Zealand, Tran Van , Tookey John ,   Auckland University of Technology, New Zealand
Published: June 2014

Real Options (RO) has been a universally accepted concept in a number of major industries. However, its use in the construction supply chain management (CSCM) sector has been limited. Some rare supply chain management RO studies have shown a number of limitations. First, there is a lack of a rigorous theoretical RO framework pertaining specifically to CSCM. All such supply chain management RO studies are based off RO theories or models developed for other sectors (engineering, infrastructure, natural resources). And second, attempts to extend real option to wider uses in CSCM seem premature at the present. This paper reviews all recent literature pertaining to real options and real options applied specifically to the construction supply chain management area. The study proposes a research programme pertaining to CSCM in New Zealand in order to enhance the current understanding of RO in this area and in the process develop a comprehensive theory for theRO application in New Zealand CSCM.
Estimating injurious impact in construction life cycle assessments: A prospective study
Authors:   cion, Wellington, New Zealand and NZ Life Cycle Management Centre,Massey University, PalmerstonNorth, New Zealand., McDevitt James , Moore Dave ,   Scion, eCentre, Massey University Campus, Albany, New Zealand, Lamm Felicity ,   Centre for Occupational Health & Safety Research, NZ Work & LabourMarket Institute, Auckland University of Technology, New Zealand., McDonnell Nadine ,   Centre for Occupational Health & Safety Research, NZ Work & LabourMarket Institute, Auckland University of Technology, New Zealand.
Published: June 2014

This paper is the result of a desire to include social factors alongside environmental and economic considerations in Life Cycle Assessment studies for the construction sector. We describe a specific search for a method to include injurious impact for construction Life Cycle Assessment studies, by evaluating a range of methods and data sources. A simple case study using selected Accident Compensation Corporation information illustrates that data relating to injury could provide a compelling evidence to cause changes in construction supply chains, and could provide an economic motive to pursue further research in this area. The paper concludes that limitations notwithstanding, the suggested approach could be useful as a fast and cheap high level tool that can accelerate the discussions and research agenda that will bring about the inclusion of social metrics in construction sector supply chain management and declarations.
The bias of the question posed: a diagnostic “invisible gorilla”
Authors: Zamir Ehud
Published: June 2014

Posing a question can introduce a powerful bias into the diagnostic process. A clinical case is presented to demonstrate how a colleague’s diagnostic question can focus the clinicians’ attention on one detail, distracting and blinding them even to the most obvious and important clinical findings. This “inattentional blindness” is similar to the phenomenon demonstrated by Simons in the famous “invisible gorilla” psychological experiment. As much as practical, clinicians should attempt to assess referred patients independently before considering previous clinical information; including the question/s they were asked.
The Impact of Natural Disasters on Critical Infrastructures: A Domino Effect-based Study
Authors: Kadri Farid , Birregah Babiga , Châtelet Eric
Published: June 2014

Recent events show a significant increase in the number of disasters with natural and/or technological causes, which could have potentially serious consequences for critical infrastructures. Were these infrastructures to fail or be destroyed, the resulting cascade effect (chain of accidents) could lead to catastrophic damage and affect not only the plants, but also people, the environment and the economy. This rise in the number of disasters over the years is due to industrial and human activity as well as society’s sensitivity to major events (hazards). The construction of industrial complexes brings with it stocks of hazardous substances, increased transport infrastructure (road, railways, shipping and pipelines), a rise in population and its concentration, malicious behavior and human error. This paper presents a methodology for carrying out risk assessments on critical infrastructure through the analysis of cascade effects. The proposed methodology can be used to provide critical infrastructures with greater protection and to limit/mitigate the extent of the damage caused by their failure. The paper ends with a conclusion and as series of proposal for improving such an analysis.
Preparation of optimal feedstock for low-pressure injection molding of Al/SiC nanocomposite
Authors: Ghanbari Arezoo , Alizadeh Masoud , Ghasemi Ebrahim , Rad Rahim Yazdani , Ghaffari Somaye
Published: June 2014

This study aims to prepare optimal feedstock for fabrication of Al/SiC nanocomposites by the low-pressure injection molding technique. For this purpose, micron-sized aluminum and nanosized SiC powders were mixed with different amounts of the binder consisting of 89 wt% paraffin wax, 9 wt% bees wax, and 2 wt% stearic acid. Rheometry analyses as well as the Weir model were utilized to determine the optimal feedstock with the desired rheological properties and high homogeneity. Considering powder to binder ratios, shear sensitivity, flow activation energy, and homogeneity within the rheometry analyses, the feedstock of 78 wt% powder loading is selected as the optimal sample for injection molding. Investigation of optimal feedstock by the scanning electron microscopy technique also verified the high homogeneity of this feedstock. In addition, it was observed that all of the feedstocks had thixotrop behavior.
„Niemals mit der PDS“?
Authors: Holzhauser Thorsten
Published: June 2014

Vorspann

„Keine Ausschließeritis mehr“, sagte die Generalsekretärin der SPD im November 2013. Ihre Partei sei in vier Jahren für eine Koalition mit der Linkspartei bereit. Damit nähert sich ein Grundsatzstreit seinem Ende, der die Sozialdemokratie seit dem Mauerfall in Atem hielt. Thorsten Holzhauser, Historiker aus Mainz, analysiert die kontroverse Debatte in der SPD-Führung über den Umgang mit der SED-Nachfolgepartei vor 2000. Er zeigt dabei auf der Basis neuer Quellen, dass sich in dieser Frage nicht einfach ost- und westdeutsche Genossen gegenüberstanden. Die Differenzen gingen quer durch die Partei, und sie betrafen einen ganz wunden Punkt: die alte antikommunistische Tradition der SPD, die in den Augen vieler Sozialdemokraten gewahrt werden sollte, während sie von jenen angefochten wurde, die sich neue Machtoptionen davon versprachen.
Die deutsche Geschichte in den Zeitbögen des 20. Jahrhunderts
Authors: Doering-Manteuffel Anselm
Published: June 2014

Vorspann

Kann man die Geschichte Deutschlands im 20. Jahrhundert auch anders schreiben? Muss man sich bei der Konzeptualisierung wirklich immer an die Zäsuren der politischen Geschichte halten? Auf der Suche nach Alternativen präsentiert Anselm Doering-Manteuffel das Modell von Zeitbögen, das es erlaubt, den Verlauf der deutschen Geschichte seit 1900 neu zu strukturieren – ein kühnes Modell und eine intellektuelle Herausforderung, der sich die Zunft wird stellen müssen.
Helmut Kohl und die Währungsunion
Authors: Loth Wilfried
Published: June 2014

Vorspann

Seitdem die Finanzkrise voll auf den Euro-Raum durchgeschlagen ist, vergeht fast kein Tag, an dem nicht über die Zukunft der europäischen Währung spekuliert wird. Dabei geraten zumeist die Anfänge des Euro aus dem Blick, die bis in die 1980er Jahre zurückreichen. Die langwierige Debatte über die Vertiefung der europäischen Integration überschnitt sich 1989/90 mit dem Prozess der Vereinigung der deutschen Staaten, und es war diese Koinzidenz, die wiederholt zu Spekulationen Anlass gab, der Verzicht auf die D-Mark und die Zustimmung der Bundesregierung zur Einführung des Euro sei der Preis für die deutsche Einheit gewesen. Wilfried Loth stellt diese Spekulationen auf den Prüfstand und leistet so einen wichtigen Beitrag zur Vorgeschichte der Gegenwart.
Der „Fall Theodor Eschenburg“ und das Institut für Zeitgeschichte
Authors: Woller Hans , Zarusky Jürgen
Published: June 2014

Vorspann

Theodor Eschenburg ist nicht der erste IfZ-Repräsentant, der wegen seiner Vergangenheit in die Kritik geriet; vor ihm standen bereits Martin Broszat und Hans Rothfels im Zentrum leidenschaftlicher Debatten. Das Institut für Zeitgeschichte bemüht sich seit langem um einen offenen Umgang mit solchen „Fällen“. Hans Woller und Jürgen Zarusky, die beiden hauptverantwortlichen Redakteure der Vierteljahrshefte, nehmen deshalb den jüngst publizierten Beitrag von Udo Wengst über Eschenburg genau unter die Lupe. Ihr Appell für eine kritische Revision der alten Eschenburg-Bilder ist zugleich ein Plädoyer für ein umfassendes Forschungsprojekt zur Geschichte des Instituts für Zeitgeschichte.
Nützliche Nähe zu Hitler
Authors: Feiber Albert A.
Published: June 2014

Vorspann

Geld stinkt doch, zumal wenn es von Nationalsozialisten stammt. Diese Erfahrung machte auch die CSU-nahe Hanns-Seidel-Stiftung, die 1983 geerbt hatte und 2012 im „Spiegel“ lesen musste, dass die Erblasser „Alte Kämpfer“ gewesen waren. Was tun? Die Stiftung beauftragte das Institut für Zeitgeschichte, den Dingen auf den Grund zu gehen, was Albert A. Feiber mit größter Umsicht und Akribie auch tat. Das Ergebnis liegt nun vor - es ist so eindeutig, dass die Hanns-Seidel-Stiftung ungesäumt die Konsequenzen zog.
Philip Larkin, Solitary Man: From Splendid Isolation to Remorse and Fear
Authors: Krahé Peter
Published: June 2014

This paper analyses the development of the theme of solitude in the work of Philip Larkin, one of the most popular English poets of the post-war era, in his poems and letters covering a period of thirty years. In his lifetime, the “best poet laureate we never had” was often considered as the “Hermit of Hull,” due to his well-known reluctance to socialise. Over the period of his productive life, Larkin weighs the aspects of solitude, togetherness, and gregariousness. His poems reflect how the early wish to be alone as a precondition for his creativity gives way to an unwilling acceptance of conviviality and, finally, the blank fear of isolation and death, as expressed in his last great published poem, “Aubade.” It is shown that as his creativity dwindles away, Larkin grudgingly acknowledges his daily work as a librarian, once described as the ‘toad work,’ as a stabilising force in his life.
“To Make a History From This Kind of Material is Not Easy”: The Narrative Construction of Cultural History in Contemporary Fiction
Authors: Wallraven Miriam
Published: June 2014

In a postmodern understanding of textuality, fact and fiction can no longer be regarded as opposites; in this context, Hayden White’s studies of fictional techniques in historical texts have initiated an interdisciplinary discussion about the significance of fictional narration as a meaningful cultural technique. The narrative reconstruction of the history of lost civilisations and earlier cultures also plays a central role in contemporary literature in English. The historiographical search for the reality of the lives of earlier oral cultures and the attempt to provide academic interpretations of such cultures in order to explain the past structure novels such as Margaret Atwood’s The Handmaid’s Tale, Jane Yolen’s Sister Light, Sister Dark, and Doris Lessing’s The Cleft. By analysing the different textual layers and narrative forms of these novels, the difficulties of a historiographical reconstruction of lost cultures in the medium of fiction are highlighted and the ambivalent truth claims of academic discourse become apparent. These novels illustrate how the integration and negotiation of historiography in fictional literature creates a tension-fraught discursive network of different competing voices that sheds light on the complex processes of cultural meaning-making.
Antiferroelectric-Like and Large Pyroelectric Behaviors of an Organic Compound: (S)-(+)-4-{[(1-Methylheptyl)Oxy]Carbonyl}Phenyl-4-(Hexyloxy)Benzoate
Authors: Niu Xiao-Ling , Liu Wei-Guo , Liu Peng
Published: June 2014

Until now, the studies of anti-ferroelectric and pyroelectric property were focused on inorganic materials and some anti-ferroelectric liquid crystals. In this work, we reported an organic compound: (S)-(+)-4-{[(1-methylheptyl)oxy]carbonyl}phenyl-4-(hexyloxy)benzoate, that was discovered to exhibit antiferroelectric-like and large pyroelectric behaviors near the phase transitions. Its electrical properties were investigated by dielectric, pyroelectric, and P-E hysteresis loop spectra. The maximum value obtained for the pyroelectric coefficient p was 384 nC cm−2 k−1. The material is promising in the field of thermal-electrical switch or pyroelctric detection.
Box-Cox Transformation Approach for Evaluating Non-Normal Processes Capability Based on theCpkIndex
Authors: Wu C. H. , Lin S. J. , Yang D. L. , Pearn W. L.
Published: June 2014

In manufacturing quality control and operations management, the process yield plays an important role. The capability index Cpk provides a lower bound on the process yield under the assumption that the process characteristic is normally distributed. When the normality assumption is violated, we can transform the non-normal data into normal data by using an appropriate transformation approach. In this paper, we consider the Box-Cox transformation and compare two estimation methods including the maximum likelihood estimator (MLE) and the method of percentiles (MOP). The performance comparison is based on the coverage rate, the precision, and the accuracy of the process non-conformity percentage evaluation. For various sample sizes and various distributions, several figures are presented to compare these two methods.
Prediction of the Vertical Swelling Percentage of Expansive Clays Using a Two-Stage Artificial Neural Networks Methodology
Authors: Bekhor Shlomo , Livneh Moshe
Published: June 2014

Artificial Neural Networks (ANN), which are used in many different areas, have been applied to predict the vertical swelling percentage of expansive clays. In contrast to previous models that estimated ANN Models in a single phase, this paper proposes an alternative analysis in based on the following two-stage operation: (a) conducting an ANN analysis on the swelling-pressure test results (i.e., the ASTM 4546 Method C test results) to obtain the swelling-pressure model for any given clay characteristics, and (b) performing an additional ANN analysis on the swelling-percentage test results (i.e., the ASTM 4546 Method B test results), including the former ones, with the given independent variables of the clay characteristics. This second stage includes a defined expression containing the given surcharge pressure and the predicted value of the swelling pressure as obtained from the model of the previous stage. Two final ANN Models, each with a different arrangement of the given independent variables, were derived from this two-stage procedure. Their statistical fit was clearly found to be superior in comparison to previous models estimated with the same data set. Furthermore, one of these two models exhibited the expected geophysical behavior. As this new ANN Model yields higher predicted swelling-percentage values, it can definitely be regarded as a preferable one in the sense of enlarging the safety margin in heave calculations.
Selection of Combined Continuous Lot-by-Lot Sampling Plans with Single Sampling Plan by Attributes as the Reference Plan
Authors: Vijayaraghavan R. , Aruna P.
Published: June 2014

Sampling inspection is a product-control methodology and consists of procedures for making decisions on the disposition of lots of finished products based on the inspection of individual units in one or more random samples drawn from the lots or from the process. Lot-by-lot sampling by attributes and sampling plans for a continuous flow of products are the important classifications of inspection procedures. While lot-by-lot sampling is adopted when the inspection lots are formed from a production process, the concept of continuous sampling plans is used where the product flow is continuous and the formation of inspection lots is impractical or difficult. However, when the continuous production processes involve formation of lots, the concept of combined continuous lot-by-lot sampling plans, which incorporates the best features of the continuous and lot-by-lot inspection plans, can be considered as desirable for application. This paper studies the properties of such combined plans when a single sampling plan is used as a reference plan and presents a procedure for determining the parameters of the plan providing protection to the producer and the consumer.
Influence of External Factors on the Cooling Ability of Vacuum Quenching Oils
Authors: Gospodinov Danail , Nikolova Maria , Danev Plamen
Published: June 2014

This paper presents research on vacuum quenching oils at different pressure conditions during the cooling stage of the heat treatment process. The aim of this work is to reveal the influence of the pressure, agitation (laminar or turbulent flow), and oil temperature on the cooling oil. Medium and low viscosity oils are investigated. The research is novel because it expands knowledge of quenching oil behavior at low and high pressure conditions (from 1 mbar to 2.5·103 mbars). The findings are presented as integral diagrams (time-temperature and cooling rate versus temperature curves) and tables of the local cooling ability valuations. It is found that the pressure in the chamber is the main factor that influences the cooling ability of the examined media. The trend of pressure influence can be generalised as: the greater the cooling oil ability, the stronger the pressure value influence. In addition to the above, the possibility of routine change of the pressure makes it a prospective factor to control the cooling oil ability.
Geteilt, aber nicht unverbunden
Authors: Eckert Astrid M.
Published: June 2014

Deutsche Einleitung

Wie regelt ein geteiltes Land gemeinsame Probleme, die sich aus naturräumlichen und geographischen Zusammenhängen ergeben? Dieser Frage geht Astrid M. Eckert am Beispiel des durch Abwässer der ostdeutschen Kaliindustrie besonders belasteten Grenzflusses Werra nach. Die Verbindung von politik-, wirtschafts- und umwelthistorischen Aspekten wirft ein Schlaglicht auf bislang weitgehend unbekannte Seiten der deutsch-deutschen Geschichte. Dabei kann die Autorin zeigen, dass insbesondere in den 1980er Jahren ein „anrüchiges“ Geschäftsmodell immer mehr an Bedeutung gewann: Devisen aus dem Westen für Umweltschutz im Osten.
Hans Rosenberg und die Geschichte des deutschen Liberalismus
Authors: Grothe Ewald
Published: June 2014

Deutsche Einleitung

Der Liberalismus war 1933 am Ende. So sah es jedenfalls Hans Rosenberg, der zu den herausragenden deutschen Historikern des 20. Jahrhunderts zählt. Rosenberg widmete diesem Thema seine hier erstmals veröffentlichte Antrittsvorlesung in Köln, die in zweifacher Hinsicht von großer Bedeutung ist: Er entfaltete dabei seine historisch tief abgestützte kritische Sicht des deutschen Liberalismus, die in den 1960er Jahren breit rezipiert wurde, und er vollzog zugleich den Übergang von der Ideen- zur Verfassungs- und Sozialgeschichte, der fortan sein Hauptinteresse galt. Zahlreiche prominente Historiker - unter ihnen Gerhard A. Ritter, Hans-Ulrich Wehler und Heinrich August Winkler - orientierten sich später an diesen bereits 1933 entwickelten Deutungen und methodischen Zugriffen.
Ilse Stöbe: Verräterin oder Patriotin?
Authors: Scherstjanoi Elke
Published: June 2014

Deutsche Einleitung

In der Bundesrepublik der frühen 1950er Jahre galten Vertreter des Widerstandes weithin als Verräter; sie wurden erst nach und nach öffentlich anerkannt. Dieser Prozess ist noch keineswegs abgeschlossen und gestaltet sich besonders schwierig in Fällen, wo Widerstand die Form einer Zusammenarbeit mit ausländischen Mächten, insbesondere der Sowjetunion, angenommen hat. Der Vorwurf des Landesverrats ist dabei schnell bei der Hand. Er hat auch Ilse Stöbe getroffen, die Informantin des sowjetischen Militärnachrichtendienstes war, unter anderem als Mitarbeiterin des Auswärtigen Amtes. Soll Stöbe in die Widerstandsgalerie des Amtes aufgenommen werden? Elke Scherstjanoi, Historikerin am IfZ, kommt in ihrem hier in leicht überarbeiteter Form präsentierten Gutachten zu einem klaren Resultat: Stöbe leistete „Widerstand durch Verrat“.
Population Dynamics and Evolutionary History of the Weedy VineIpomoea hederaceain North America
Authors: Campitelli, Brandon E , Stinchcombe John R
Published: June 2014

Disentangling the historical evolutionary processes that contribute to patterns of phenotypic and genetic variation is important for understanding contemporary patterns of both traits of interest and genetic diversity of a species. Ipomoea hederacea is a self-compatible species whose geographic origin is contested, and previous work suggests that although there are signals of adaptation (significant leaf shape and flowering time clines), no population structure or neutral genetic differentiation of I. hederacea populations was detected. Here, we use DNA sequence data to characterize patterns of genetic variation to establish a more detailed understanding of the current and historical processes that may have generated the patterns of genetic variation in this species. We resequenced ca. 5000 bp across 7 genes for 192 individuals taken from 24 populations in North America. Our results indicate that North American I. hederacea populations are ubiquitously genetically depauperate, and patterns of nucleotide diversity are consistent with population expansion. Contrary to previous findings, we discovered significant population subdivision and isolation-by-distance, but genetic structure was spatially discontinuous, potentially implicating long-distance dispersal. We further found significant genetic differentiation at sequenced loci but nearly fourfold stronger differentiation at the leaf shape locus, strengthening evidence that the leaf shape locus is under divergent selection. We propose that North American I. hederacea has experienced a recent founder event, and/or population dynamics are best described by a metapopulation model (high turnover and dispersal), leading to low genetic diversity and a patchy genetic distribution.
Investigating Teacher Expectations By Ethnicity In New Zealand
Authors: Rubie-Davies Christine M. , Peterson Elizabeth , Flint Annaline , Garrett Lynda , Mc Donald Lyn , Watson Penelope , O’Neill Heather
Published: June 2014

The current study examined teacher expectations of four ethnic groups in New Zealand in reading and mathematics, controlling for achievement. Investigating teacher expectations for ethnic minority groups is important because minority groups often begin schooling disadvantaged. Studies have shown that teachers often have lower expectations for minority groups leading to the design of learning opportunities that tend to exacerbate the achievement gap between minority group students and their more advantaged White and Asian peers. In New Zealand, Maori and Pasifika students have historically underachieved and so this study explored whether teacher expectations may be one explanation for that disadvantage.
Academic Motivation And Engagement: An Examination Of Its Factor Structure In Senior School Years
Authors: Nagabhushan Prathiba
Published: June 2014

Student motivation and engagement are crucial in senior school years when students are required to make important decisions about their future pursuits of education and career choices. The purpose of this study was to comprehensively examine the factor structure of student motivation and the associations among the motivational constructs at three time points (Year 10 (N=537); Year 11 (N=383) and Year 12 (N=299). Students from four non-government senior high schools completed the Student Motivation and Engagement Scale (Martin, 2007) in the second semester of the school year for three years. The results showed that student motivation is complex and multifaceted. A range of core motivational theories was needed to explain the network of associations among the facets of motivation. The 11-factor structure of motivation and engagement was identified at all three time-points consistent with Martin’s findings (2007). Adaptive cognitions and behaviors showed positive correlations with each other and mostly negative associations with maladaptive cognitions and behaviors. The findings have valuable practical implications for those wanting to support learning experiences of students, especially in the final years of schooling.
Improve students’ self-esteem through Re-learning in Reading and Writing
Authors: Swärd Ann-Katrin
Published: June 2014

When students’ fail in their reading and writing development it also affects their self-esteem and self-confidence. Too many students in Sweden fail in literacy development and therefore don’t reach the goal stated in the curriculum. Their future education will not be what students had wished, instead they are more or less forced to enter an individual program at high school or quit after nine year in compulsory school. Many of these students have low self-esteem and self-confidence and their self-efficacy are also low when entering high school. The aim of this part of a longitudinal Grounded Theory-study was to conceptualize and generate a theory about what four teachers and their students in high school actually do when working with reading and writing using a specific method. The results based on qualitative research interviews, observations, questionnaires, video recording, and analysis in the tradition of grounded theory, show how teacher and students strive to increase and ensure every student in their reading and writing skills through what is labelled didactic arranging. Teachers’ systematic work with reading and writing, their self-efficacy and beliefs in every student’s possibilities helps students to increase their self-esteem and self-confidence.
Reasons of Turkish University Students Preference from Three Different Therapeutic Styles
Authors: Usakli Hakan
Published: June 2014

When students’ fail in their reading and writing development it also affects their self-esteem and self-confidence. Too many students in Sweden fail in literacy development and therefore don’t reach the goal stated in the curriculum. Their future education will not be what students had wished, instead they are more or less forced to enter an individual program at high school or quit after nine year in compulsory school. Many of these students have low self-esteem and self-confidence and their self-efficacy are also low when entering high school. The aim of this part of a longitudinal Grounded Theory-study was to conceptualize and generate a theory about what four teachers and their students in high school actually do when working with reading and writing using a specific method. The results based on qualitative research interviews, observations, questionnaires, video recording, and analysis in the tradition of grounded theory, show how teacher and students strive to increase and ensure every student in their reading and writing skills through what is labelled didactic arranging. Teachers’ systematic work with reading and writing, their self-efficacy and beliefs in every student’s possibilities helps students to increase their self-esteem and self-confidence.
Comparative Analysis Of The Value Orientations Of Russian And Turkish Senior Pupils
Authors: Vartanova Irine Vartanova , Karaca Tuba
Published: June 2014

A comparative study of preferential features of general values and the values of educational activities of the 9-11th form students (15/16 years old) in Russia and Turkey. Preferences of Russian and Turkish 9-11th form schoolchildren were revealed and compared in relation to the basic and educational values (considering the correlation of significance and accessibility). It has been shown, that for Turkish schoolchildren the status values are considerably higher, than the values of acceptance and communication, whereas for Russian schoolchildren the regularity is opposite, which does not depend on neither sex, nor the school class. As to proper educational values of knowledge and self-development, no special differences have been detected. Besides, cultural and gender peculiarities have been revealed in significance and accessibility of such basic values, as health, happy family life and an interesting job.
The Effect of a Psycho Educational Program for Mothers of Educable Mentally Retarded Children: Based on Roy‘s Adaptation Theory
Authors: Traneh Taghavi Larijani , Fataneh Ghadirian , Zahra Aliakbarzadeh Arani , Nahiddokht Sharifi , Fatemeh Noghani , Soghrat Faghihzadeh
Published: June 2014

This study conduct to assess the effectiveness of an educational Program based on Roy‘s adaptation theory for mothers of educable mentally retard children. The present study is quasi- experimental with single group pretest and posttest design. The sample includes 40 mothers with Educable mentally retarded children. A cognitive-behavioral program based on Roy‘s adaptation theory was hold. The program consisted of four weekly group sessions for two hours. Comparison four adaptation modes scores at pretest and post test showed significant differences in all modes of adaptation (P<0.001). The findings have identified that psycho educational program can effect on adaptation level in mothers of intellectual disabled children.
Relationship Between Parenting Style and Adolescents’ Alcohol Consumption in Enugu State, Nigeria: Implications For Counselling
Authors: Ezeh C. Obioma
Published: June 2014

The crime rate in Nigeria, especially in states within the South-East zone, is very high and most of these crimes and anti-social behaviours were carried out by adolescents or youths. Many Nigerian adolescents indulge in such anti-social behaviour and crimes under the influence of alcohol. A person’s behaviour is the resultant effect of a combination of factors and as such the behaviour of Nigerian adolescents that engage in alcohol consumption with reckless abandon calls to question the parental influence on their children’s behaviour. One is then bound to wonder if this problem of alcohol indulgence originates from the kind of parenting in their various homes. The purpose of this paper was therefore to find out if the parenting style adopted in families can be linked with the youths’ drinking habits with a view to directing counselling services to their homes. This was a survey research with a sample of 1200 adolescents, drawn from senior secondary classes and tertiary institutions in Enugu State of Nigeria. The instrument for the study was questionnaire, designed by the researcher. Two research questions were answered while one hypothesis was tested using a chi square. It was found that adolescents from authoritarian and authoritative families had less inclination to alcohol consumption as against those from permissive and indifferent families. It was also found that adolescents in urban cities take to alcohol more than those in rural areas. It was therefore, concluded that the parenting style adopted in families has significant relationship with the children’s alcohol consumption.
Analysis of Factors Influencing Achievement Motivation of Agricultural Faculty Members
Authors: Pouratashi Mahtab , Rezvanfar Ahmad , Mokhtarnia Mohammad
Published: June 2014

Nowadays, a labor force with the knowledge and skills necessary to operate in an increasingly complex work environment is a key component of agricultural development. Agricultural universities have an important role in the growth and development of agriculture. While agricultural faculty members’ performance affect educational quality, it is imperative to pay attention to faculty members and their achievement motivation as an important factor in educational process. The purpose of this study was to investigate factors influencing achievement motivation of agricultural faculty members. A descriptive and correlation design was used for the research with data collected using questionnaire. The statistical population of this study included faculty members of University College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran. A sample of 65 members was selected using random sampling method. Reliability and validity of instrument were determined through opinions of faculty members and application of Cronbach's Alpha. The data were analyzed by using descriptive and inferential statistics. Data were analyzed descriptively and inferentially using SPSS for Windows, version 11.5. The descriptive statistics included frequencies and percentages, while inferential statistics included correlation coefficient and t-test. The findings revealed that about 90.8 percent of faculty members had high achievement motivation and only 9.2 percent of respondents had medium achievement motivation. The findings showed that there were significant correlation between achievement motivation and variables including work nature, colleague, communication and reward.
The School Organization between the Question of Effectiveness and Social Effect
Authors: Akli Faradji Mohamed
Published: June 2014

Among the problems which affect the educational organisation today, the question of social impacts is the most important social and educative phenomenon. So the roles of schools in institutional effectiveness are the same roles which are affected by the different social factors. Then we can see that the problematic of education is necessarily a question of society in its own field of organisational action of the different educational programs. In this communication I will try to analyse the question of educational effectiveness using a psycho sociological analysis based on some cultural and social factors which limit the action of educational institution in underdeveloped countries. Our analysis will integrate the social reality of school in this specific context and socials factors embedded with educational reality.
Development of Counsellor Trainees Self-Efficacy Whilst Performing Counseling Practicum: Malaysian Perspective
Authors: Min Ruhani Mat
Published: June 2014

Counsellor trainee self-efficacy explains the capability of performing the role of counsellor. Being able to practice their role as well as to apply counselling skills whilst performing counselling practicum promotes trainee perceived self-efficacy. The counselling practicum provides opportunities for trainees to practice their knowledge and skills with the real clients as well as to gain experience for future work. Despite this, the counselling practicum involves fulfilling the required tasks. Being able to fulfil the required task may contribute to their self-efficacy and promote their development as a counsellor. The aim of this article is to explore self-efficacy experienced by counsellor trainees, and in what ways those experiences promote development. Qualitative methods involving a series of semi-structured interviews, journal writing, observation and review of related documents were employed with ten participants during the counselling practicum. The findings of the study reveal that self-efficacy among counsellor trainees develops during their counselling practicum. The stories of the trainees indicate that development of efficacy among counsellor trainees involves acceptance of the tasks and roles, openness to new experiences as well as realistic perceptions of the situation. Whilst development of the counsellor trainees during the counselling practicum is not a smooth process, their perceived self-efficacy is increased continuously. Performing the role of counsellor and engaging in the counselling practicum creates opportunities to test and be tested in their ability as a counsellor, which promotes their perceived self-efficacy and impacts their development as a counsellor.
Islam and Democracy: In Search of a Viable Synthesis
Authors: Effendy Bahtiar
Published: June 2014

Democracy is actually a concept that is understood and practiced heterogeneous. However, there are basic elements or "family resemblence" of democracy: the process of elite recruitment and freely through open competition, and the existence of the right to vote on the basis of universal suffrage. Are these two elements can not be accepted and practiced in Islamic countries? The problem is very dependent on how Islam is understood. During this time of political observers tend to define Islam as a monolithic religion. Huntington and Fukuyama, for example, the view that Islam is essentially incompatible with democracy. Islam is seen that seed saving practices threaten liberal.DOI: 10.15408/sdi.v2i4.818
Western Studies of Southeast Asian Islam: Problem of Theory and Practice
Authors: Bowen John R.
Published: June 2014

Islamic studies conducted in Southeast Asia Western observers during this tendency dominated framework which clearly separates between the teachings of Islam as a set of Islamic practices of living in society. They make the teachings of Islam as contained in the books as a benchmark to see if the Islamic community in this area or not.Such an approach would obviously not be able to capture and understand the reality of life in a Islamic society as revealed in the creative interpretation done by the scholars, naib, chaplain, and local intellectuals who actively and imaginatively connecting their ideas and local practices with the texts and traditions -broader Islamic tradition. They are developing Islamic culture in a different way. This culture mediates the "rules" or theory and "practice" their religion so that they are meaningful social life of Islam. Because it ignores the role of local interpreters famous works of Islamic Southeast Asia failed to understand the relationship between normative texts, the processes of interpretation and any behaviors that make up the reality of Islam that can be observed.DOI: 10.15408/sdi.v2i4.821
Meccan Fatwas from the End of the Nineteenth Century on Indonesian Affairs
Authors: Kaptein Nico
Published: June 2014

Centuries of Indonesian Muslims turned into Arabic to obtain fatwas they need on various religious issues that arise in the homeland. Among the books that contain these fatwas are Muhimmat al-bayan fi nafa'is as'ilat al-Hadith. This is a fatwa issued by the mufti-mufti of Mecca, especially at the end of the nineteenth century at the request of the Muslims in the archipelago.In the book contained a fatwa related to the attitude to be taken over the archipelago Muslims who reject the Dutch colonial government. In the fatwa colonial government itself was not challenged, and the colonial government implicitly recognized that infidels should. This fatwa is quite different from the views circulating in Aceh, where local clerics called for jihad against the infidel invaders. Saudi Fatwa of Mufti is expected to come to relieve the situation in Aceh.DOI: 10.15408/sdi.v2i4.824
Theological Responses to the Concepts of Democracy and Human Rights: The Case of Contemporary Indonesian Muslim Intellectuals
Authors: Abdillah Masykuri
Published: June 2014

Almost all governments in the world, including authoritarian, claiming that their political system is democratic. However, not all governments in the Muslim world accept this system. Among the 'ulama and Muslim intellectuals themselves there are differences of opinion about the system and the concept of democracy. In general, the modernist Muslim groups accept this system, because he was judged to be compatible with Islam, while Muslim groups "fundamentalist" and mostly conservative Muslims reject this system, because it supposedly excludes the sovereignty of God.The problem that often arises is how to implement human rights in Islamic societies. Then in 1990 the Muslim countries which are members of the Organization of the Islamic Conference (OIC) issued a "Cairo Declaration of Human Rights in Islam" , after over 13 years of discussing this issue among its members. Thus, there are two declarations for the people of Islam, namely: Cairo Declaration on the top and the "Universal Declaration of Human Rights".DOI: 10.15408/sdi.v3i1.812