bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Expertimental Approaches in Printmaking: Karen Kunc
Authors: GÖR Tuba KINAY
Published: February 2021

Geçmişi mağara resimlerine kadar uzanan baskı resim sanatında zaman içerisinde yeni arayışlar ve teknikler olmuştur. Özellikle Atölye 17 ile birlikte sanatçılar deneysel baskı yapabilme konusunda cesaretlenmiştir. Günümüzde deneysel
baskı yapan pek çok sanatçı vardır. Bu sanatçılarından Karen Kunc da, özgün baskıda deneyselliğe dayalı pek çok eser vermiştir. Çoğunlukla ‘eksiltme’ yoluyla ağaç baskılar (gravür) yapan sanatçı, eskizlerini karakalem yaparken,
renklere basım aşamasında karar vermektedir. Her renk için ‘negatif’ ve ‘pozitif’ kalıplar hazırlayarak çalışmalarını baskıya hazırlar. Basım aşamasında genellikle kalıp üzerindeki açıklıklardan rengi geçirmek amacıyla kağıt şablonlar
kullanır. Sanatçının performansı, baskı anındaki ruh haline bağlıdır. Renge önceden karar vermek istemediği için gidişata göre rastlantısal seçimler yaparak, resmin çözümüne doğru adım adım yol alır. Yalnızca asılabilen baskıresimler
değil aynı zamanda akordeon şeklinde kitapçıklar da basmıştır. Bu çalışmada, Karen Kunc’un psikolojisinin sanat üretimindeki rolü üzerinde durulmuş ve seçilen bazı eserleri hakkında betimsel analizler yapılmıştır. Bu analizlerde;
sanatçının imgeler dünyasını deneysellik yoluyla baskı resim tekniğiyle eserlerine nasıl aktardığı görülür. Ağaç gibi ilkel bir malzemenin sınırlarını zorlayan sanatçı, doğal dünyanın güçlerini seyir ve tefekkürden ilham alarak,
eserlerinde dağ, taş, su, ağaç ve yol gibi imgeler kullanır. Baskılarında enerji ve coşku ön plandadır. Kunc, deneysel yaklaşımlarıyla izleyiciye özgün baskıda sınırların zorlanarak neler yapılabileceğini gösteren başarılı bir
sanatçıdır.
What is a dingo – origins, hybridisation and identity
Authors: Cairns Kylie M
Published: February 2021

Controversy about the nomenclature and taxonomy of dingoes has sparked interest in their complex identity. At the root of taxonomy debates are differences in the species concepts employed, differing opinions about the domestication status of dingoes (and their ancestors) and a simplistic handling of the complex evolutionary relationship between wolves, dingoes and domestic dogs. I explore the relationship of dingoes to village dogs, modern breed dogs and wolves using genome-wide SNP data and discuss the implications of these findings to the ongoing debate about dingo identity and nomenclature. Importantly, despite controversy about what to call dingoes and whether they are a full species, these animals represent an important, distinct and unique evolutionary unit worthy of high conservation priority, as a native species. There is growing concern about the spread of domestic dog genes into dingo populations, particularly in southeastern Australia, and the impact this has on conservation goals. However, the discovery of biogeographic subdivision within dingoes raises questions about the accuracy of the current methods used for estimating dog vs dingo ancestry. I caution scientists and wildlife managers to carefully consider the limitations of current ancestry estimate methods when assessing DNA test results. Future work using genome-wide DNA technology to improve dingo ancestry estimates will be fundamental to ongoing debate about what dingoes are, how to identify dingoes and how to conserve them.
Indium concentration in serum is an excellent predictor for assessing accumulated indium concentration in the lungs
Authors: Hirata Miyuki , Nakano Makiko , Tanaka Akiyo , Omae Kazuyuki
Published: February 2021

Objective

To clarify whether indium in serum (In-S) is an appropriate parameter for assessing accumulated indium concentration in the lungs (In-L).

Methods

During our approximately 15-year Japanese cohort follow-up, five male indium-tin oxide (ITO) or/and indium trioxide-exposed workers underwent lung surgical procedures to treat lung diseases or to confirm a diagnosis of lung impairments. We measured In-L of these Cases 1-5 and were able to assess the relationship between In-L and the most recent In-S. Another 1 Japanese case (Case 6) exposed to indium trioxide and indium hydroxide was referred from an article.

Results

Cases 1 and 3 had lung cancer, Case 2 suffered from recurrent pneumothorax, and Case 4 had interstitial pneumonia with mild emphysema. Case 5 had severe emphysema with pulmonary hypertension and underwent bilateral lung transplantation. In Cases 1-5, In-L and In-S ranged from 3.4 to 161.2 µg/g wet weight and 0.7 to 60.4 ng/mL, respectively, and In-L/In-S ratios ranged from 2484 to 4857. The slope of the single regression equation with zero intercept was 2767 and the correlation coefficient was 0.995. In contrast, Case 6 was extraordinarily outlying, but the reason is unclear.

Conclusions

In-S is an excellent predictor for assessing indium load in the lungs in ITO or/and indium trioxide-exposed workers. However, number of cases was only five and not enough to authorize definite conclusion. It is desirable to add more cases to confirm our conclusion.
Ecological contexts of youth antisocial behaviors: A longitudinal perspective
Authors: Zhang Saijun , Lefmann Tess A. , Lee Na Youn , Fisher Amy K.
Published: February 2021

The current study examined and compared the relative influence of ecological factors on youth antisocial behaviors (i.e., aggression and rule‐breaking) using longitudinal data while assessing the moderating effect of youth attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) diagnosis. The study used the fifth and sixth wave of data from the Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing Study (n = 2595; mean age = 9.26 at wave five) for the analysis. Multivariate models show that youth ADHD, physically and psychologically abusive parenting, peer victimization, and community cohesion were important predictors of youth antisocial behaviors. Furthermore, youth ADHD diagnosis moderated some associations between the ecological factors and antisocial behaviors, suggesting that youth with and without ADHD may respond to some ecological contexts differently regarding the concerning behaviors. The findings imply that interventions targeting youth antisocial behaviors should involve collaboration across systems and coordination across programs to tackle a multilayered ecological context, especially when youth with ADHD are involved.
Dosimetric characteristics of accelerated partial breast irradiation by interstitial multicatheter brachytherapy with intraoperative free‐hand implantation in the treatment of early breast cancer
Authors: Li Chuan , Lin Jia‐Fu , Yeh Hui Ling
Published: February 2021

Introduction

The aim of this study is to evaluate the characteristics of the dosimetry and the skin dose of interstitial brachytherapy by the use of the free‐hand implantation technique toward the treatment of early breast cancer.

Materials & Methods

Seventeen patients diagnosed with early breast cancer were selected for the study. The implantation of the catheters for postoperative interstitial brachytherapy was performed using the free‐hand technique. The total tumor dose to the tumor cavity plus 2 cm margin was 3400 cGy, twice daily for 10 fractions in 5 days. The dosage to the target and the organ at risk (OAR) were recorded for analysis. The skin dose of the patient and the phantom were measured with Gafchromic film (EBT3) and the results were compared with the skin dose calculated by the brachytherapy treatment planning system.

Results

The median conformal index is 94% (range 89%–99%), and the median homogeneity index is 71%. The median skin dose measured from the skin of the patients was 20.1% lower than the skin dose calculated from the treatment planning system and consistent with the phantom surface measurement experiment. There were no grade 3 or above acute toxicity recorded.

Conclusions

Interstitial brachytherapy by the use of the free‐hand implantation technique for early breast cancer is feasible and avoids the need for a second surgical intervention. The calculated skin dose was overestimated by at least 20%. The results of this study may help in building a modification model for the prediction of skin toxicity in any future study.
Synergistic Dual‐Additive Electrolyte for Interphase Modification to Boost Cyclability of Layered Cathode for Sodium Ion Batteries
Authors: Fan Jing‐Jing , Dai Peng , Shi Chen‐Guang , Wen Yanfen , Luo Chen‐Xu , Yang Jian , Song Cun , Huang Ling , Sun Shi‐Gang
Published: February 2021

The electrolyte additive plays an important role in determining the crucial properties of batteries such as cycling stability and safety. Compared to material development, research on electrolyte and interphase is still in the early stage for sodium ion batteries (SIBs). Herein, for the first time, succinic anhydride (SA) is investigated as a synergistic filming additive to fluoroethylene carbonate (FEC), and the lifespan of the dual‐additive Na/Na0.6Li0.15Ni0.15Mn0.55Cu0.15O2 (NLNMC) cell is significantly improved, maintaining capacity retention of 87.2% over 400 cycles at 1 C rate. For comparison, the batteries with only one of the two additives or without any additive show much inferior electrochemical performance. After the addition of SA, the interphase layer on the surface of cycled NLNMC material becomes uniform and stable, which contains more oxygen‐rich organic species and less NaF. Additionally, the addition of SA also has an impact on the interphase layer in the sodium anode part as indicated by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS) results. Moreover, the online differential electrochemical mass spectrometry (OEMS) tests show the dual‐additive cell has less CO2 generation during the initial two cycles compared to that with only FECs which demonstrates another advantage of SA for practical application.
High‐Throughput Screening of Self‐Healable Polysulfobetaine Hydrogels and their Applications in Flexible Electronics
Authors: Ding Yan , Tang Haoqi , Zhang Chaohong , Li Weixuan , Li Gang , Zhang Yuan , Xu Chen , Zhao Fu , Guo Qiongyu , Guo Chuan Fei , Xiang X.‐D.
Published: February 2021

Hydrogels are promising materials in the applications of wound adhesives, wearable electronics, tissue engineering, implantable electronics, etc. The properties of a hydrogel rely strongly on its composition. However, the optimization of hydrogel properties has been a big challenge as increasing numbers of components are added to enhance and synergize its mechanical, biomedical, electrical, and self‐healable properties. Here in this work, it is shown that high‐throughput screening can efficiently and systematically explore the effects of multiple components (at least eight) on the properties of polysulfobetaine hydrogels, as well as provide a useful database for diverse applications. The optimized polysulfobetaine hydrogels that exhibit outstanding self‐healing and mechanical properties, have been obtained by high‐throughput screening. By compositing with poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene):polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS), intrinsically self‐healable and stretchable conductors are achieved. It is further demonstrated that a polysulfobetaine hydrogel‐based electronic skin, which exhibits exceptionally fast self‐healing capability of the whole device at ambient conditions. This work successfully extends high‐throughput synthetic methodology to the field of hydrogel electronics, as well as demonstrates new directions of healable flexible electronic devices in terms of material development and device design.
Gamma‐Ray Tolerant Flexible Pressure–Temperature Sensor for Nuclear Radiation Environment
Authors: Mondal Shuvra , Min Bok Ki , Yi Yoonsik , Nguyen Van‐Tam , Choi Choon‐Gi
Published: February 2021

Reliable and highly sensitive flexible physical sensors hold great potential for applications in emerging technologies. Among others, of particular importance is to embed the sensor into operations at the hazardous fields, like radioactive zones or nuclear power plants. However, a significant challenge is to develop the radiation tolerant flexible sensors with stable performance under extreme conditions. This study presents a flexible pressure–temperature sensor based on MXene/Fe3O4/graphene porous network/Ecoflex (MFGPNE) and thoroughly investigates the effect of a high dose of γ‐irradiation on their physical and electrical properties. The proposed sensors are characterized by a 4.71 kPa−1 sensitivity to the applied pressure in the range of 0–62.5 kPa and by a 2.23% resistance change per degree in the temperature range of 21–110 °C. The in situ electrical experiments, performed during irradiation of the MFGPNE sensor by 20 kGy of γ‐rays (60Co), reveal the stable and reliable operation of the sensor. Superior radiation stability and pressure–temperature sensitivity are achieved due to the inherent nature of the materials and the sophisticated design of the proposed sensors. Moreover, an MFGPNE sensor‐based prototype gripper for grasping force control by remote monitoring of the press and lift forces demonstrates the application of the proposed sensor.
Enhanced Raman Scattering for Probing Near‐Field Distribution in All‐Dielectric Nanostructures
Authors: Zograf George , Baryshnikova Kseniia , Petrov Mihail , Makarov Sergey
Published: February 2021

Resonant all‐dielectric nanophotonic structures have recently demonstrated enhancement of light emission and localization of near‐fields outside and inside the nanoresonators of various functionality. However, probing of the near‐field is still a time‐consuming and challenging procedure, requiring near‐field optical microscopy or cathodoluminescence approaches. On the contrary, inherent light emission such as Raman scattering from all‐dielectric nanostructures can provide important information on their resonant properties. Herein, probing of near‐field spatial distribution around a silicon trimer qualitatively using far‐field excitation of Raman scattering is demonstrated. The geometry of a single excitation and collection objective with lateral scanning is implemented. With this technique, switching near‐field distribution in the silicon trimer by changing the polarization of the incident light is observed. The full‐wave numerical simulations support the observed experimental results. It is believed that such an approach will be useful for near‐field probing of various all‐dielectric resonant nanostructures with a simple far‐field optical scheme.
Rationally Programming Nanomaterials with DNA for Biomedical Applications
Authors: He Liangcan , Mu Jing , Gang Oleg , Chen Xiaoyuan
Published: February 2021

DNA is not only a carrier of genetic information, but also a versatile structural tool for the engineering and self‐assembling of nanostructures. In this regard, the DNA template has dramatically enhanced the scalability, programmability, and functionality of the self‐assembled DNA nanostructures. These capabilities provide opportunities for a wide range of biomedical applications in biosensing, bioimaging, drug delivery, and disease therapy. In this review, the importance and advantages of DNA for programming and fabricating of DNA nanostructures are first highlighted. The recent progress in design and construction of DNA nanostructures are then summarized, including DNA conjugated nanoparticle systems, DNA‐based clusters and extended organizations, and DNA origami‐templated assemblies. An overview on biomedical applications of the self‐assembled DNA nanostructures is provided. Finally, the conclusion and perspectives on the self‐assembled DNA nanostructures are presented.
Cheerios Effect Inspired Microbubbles as Suspended and Adhered Oral Delivery Systems
Authors: Zhao Cheng , Cai Lijun , Nie Min , Shang Luoran , Wang Yongan , Zhao Yuanjin
Published: February 2021

Oral drug administration has an important role in medical treatment. Attempts to develop drug microcarriers with desired features for extended duration and improved absorption is highly sought. Herein, inspired by the physical phenomenon of the Cheerios effect, a novel microfluidic electrospray microbubble carrier is presented that can suspend and actively adhere to the stomach for durable oral delivery. Compared with conventional fabrication methods, the present strategy shows stability and controllability of the product. Benefiting from their uniform hollow structure, the resultant microbubbles present the same behavior of the Cheerios and can float in the gastric juice, adhere and remain to the stomach wall, which thus enhance the duration and absorption of the loaded drugs. Based on these, it is demonstrated as a proof of concept that the dexamethasone‐loaded hollow microbubbles can be applied to oral administration and remain suspended and adhered to the stomach of murine for more than 1 d, showing good therapeutic effect in treating lupus erythematosus. Thus, it is believed that the microbubbles floating system will find important values in long‐term oral administration.
Peroxo Species Formed in the Bulk of Silicate Cathodes
Authors: Chen Zhenlian , Schwarz Bjoern , Zhang Xianhui , Du Wenqiang , Zheng Lirong , Tian Ailing , Zhang Ying , Zhang Zhiyong , Zeng Xiao Cheng , Zhang Zhifeng , Huai Liyuan , Wu Jinlei , Ehrenberg Helmut , Wang Deyu , Li Jun
Published: February 2021

Oxygen redox in Li‐rich oxides may boost the energy density of lithium‐ion batteries by incorporating oxygen chemistry in solid cathodes. However, oxygen redox in the bulk usually entangles with voltage hysteresis and oxygen release, resulting in a prolonged controversy in literature on oxygen transformation. Here, we report spectroscopic evidence of peroxo species formed and confined in silicate cathodes amid oxygen redox at high voltage, accompanied by Co2+/Co3+ redox dominant at low voltage. First‐principles calculations reveal that localized electrons on dangling oxygen drive the O‐O dimerization. The covalence between the binding cation and the O‐O dimer determines the degree of electron transfer in oxygen transformation. Dimerization induces irreversible structural distortion and slow kinetics. But peroxo formation can minimize the voltage drop and volume expansion in cumulative cationic and anionic redox. These findings offer insights into oxygen redox in the bulk for the rational design of high‐energy‐density cathodes.
A Single‐Pot Template Reaction Towards a Manganese‐Based T1 Contrast Agent
Authors: Anbu Sellamuthu , Hoffmann Sabrina H. L. , Carniato Fabio , Kenning Lawrence , Price Thomas W. , Prior Timothy J. , Botta Mauro , Martins Andre F. , Stasiuk Graeme J.
Published: February 2021

Manganese‐based contrast agents (MnCAs) have emerged as suitable alternatives to gadolinium‐based contrast agents (GdCAs). However, due to their kinetic lability and laborious synthetic procedures, only a few MnCAs have found clinical MRI application. In this work, we have employed a highly innovative single‐pot template synthetic strategy to develop a MnCA, MnLMe, and studied the most important physicochemical properties in vitro. MnLMe displays optimized r1 relaxivities at both medium (20 and 64 MHz) and high magnetic fields (300 and 400 MHz) and an enhanced r1b=21.1 mM−1 s−1 (20 MHz, 298 K, pH 7.4) upon binding to BSA (Ka=4.2×103 M−1). In vivo studies show that MnLMe is cleared intact into the bladder through renal excretion and has a prolonged blood half‐life compared to the commercial GdCA Magnevist. MnLMe shows great promise as a novel MRI contrast agent.
Digital color codes of stars
Authors: Harre Jan‐Vincent , Heller René
Published: February 2021

Nowadays, publications in astrophysics are mainly published and read in digitized formats. Astrophysical publications in both research and in popular outreach often use colorful representations of stars to indicate various stellar types, that is, different spectral types or effective temperatures. Computer‐generated and computer‐displayed imagery has become an integral part of stellar astrophysics communication. There is, however, no astrophysically motivated standard color palette for illustrative representations of stars, and some stars are actually represented in misleading colors. We use precomputed PHOENIX and TLUSTY stellar model spectra and convolve them with the three standard color‐matching functions for human color perception between 360 and 830 nm. The color‐matching functions represent the three sets of receptors in the eye that respond to red, green, and blue light. For a grid of main‐sequence stars with effective temperatures between 2,300 and 55,000 K of different metallicities, we present the red–blue–green and hexadecimal color codes that can be used for digitized color representations of stars as if seen from space. We find significant deviations between the color codes of stars computed from stellar spectra and from a black body radiator of the same effective temperature. We illustrate the main sequence in the color wheel and demonstrate that there are no yellow, green, cyan, or purple stars. Red dwarf stars (spectral types M0V–M9V) actually look orange to the human eye. Old white dwarfs such as WD 1856 + 534, host to a newly discovered transiting giant planet candidate, appear pale orange to the human eye, not white. Our freely available software can be used to generate color codes for any input spectrum such as those from planets, galaxies, quasars, etc.
A fast and high‐sensitivity liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry method combined with in vivo microdialysis for quantification of meropenem in rabbits with sepsis under the simultaneous infusion of total parenteral nutrition: Application to a pharmacokinetic study
Authors: Fei Yibo , Wu Shengyuan , Wang Yuanyuan , Shen Fuming , Fan Guorong
Published: February 2021

A fast and high‐sensitivity liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS) method assisted by microdialysis was established for the determination of meropenem in total parenteral nutrition (TPN) infused plasma. A 10‐times dilution was arranged for sample preparation to overcome the severe matrix effect caused by the high salt content in dialysate and complex composition of TPN. This quantification method was proved to be satisfied in selectivity, accuracy, precision, linearity (R2 > 0.998), recovery, matrix effect and stability. In the optimized conditions, the calibration curve range was set from 2 to 2000 ng/ml. This validated method was applied to pharmacokinetics study of meropenem in rabbits with sepsis (induced by cecal ligation and punctures) under simultaneous infusion of TPN to simulate the clinical practice. The results demonstrated that the LC–MS/MS method assisted by microdialysis can be used successfully for the determination of meropenem in TPN‐infused plasma. Moreover, the area under the curve and the maximum concentrations in the plasma of meropenem in control rabbits were significantly smaller (P < 0.05), while clearance and distribution volumes were significantly greater (P < 0.05) than in those with sepsis. It could be speculated that drug monitoring in patients with sepsis may be necessary.
Body composition and risk of gastric cancer: A population‐based prospective cohort study
Authors: Liu An‐Ran , He Qiang‐Sheng , Wu Wen‐Hui , Du Jian‐Liang , Kuo Zi‐Chong , Xia Bin , Tang Yan , Yun Peng , Cheung Eddie C. , Tang You‐Zhen , He Yu‐Long , Zhang Chang‐Hua , Yuan Jin‐Qiu , Sun Gang
Published: February 2021

The recognition of adiposity as a risk factor for gastric cancer is mainly based on traditional anthropometric indices, such as body mass index, which are unable to discriminate between lean and fat mass. We undertook this study to examine body composition and subsequent risk of gastric cancer. This is a prospective analysis of participants free of cancer from the UK Biobank. We measured baseline body composition with electrical bioimpedance analysis and confirmed cancer diagnosis through linkage to cancer and death registries. We evaluated hazard ratios (HRs) and confidence interval (CIs) with COX models adjusting for potential confounders. We documented 326 cases of cancer from 474,929 participants over a median follow‐up of 6.6 years. Both male (HR 1.70, 95% CI 1.01 to 2.89) and female participants (HR 2.47, 95% CI 1.15 to 5.32) in the highest quartile of whole body fat‐free mass were associated with increased risk of gastric cancer as compared with those in the lowest quartile.Whole body fat mass was associated with a decreased risk of gastric cancer (HR per 5‐unit increase 0.86, 95% CI 0.74 to 0.99) in females, but not in males. We concluded that fat‐free mass and fat mass may have different effects on gastric cancer risk. This study provided evidence for individualized weight management for the prevention of gastric cancer.
Milling method affects the physical properties of black bean flour
Authors: Fernando Supun , Manthey Frank A.
Published: February 2021

Background and objectives

Dry bean milling has attracted interest due to the increased need for nonwheat ingredients available for food applications. The objective of this study was to examine the physical and flow properties of black bean flour produced using a variety of laboratory mills and mill settings.

Findings

Flour from mills which utilized screens (cyclone mill, centrifugal mill, and hammer mill) showed significantly different characteristics than flour from mills without a screen (disk mill and stone mill). Geometric mean size of flour particles was negatively correlated with starch damage (r = −.92), L* (r = −.94), angle of repose (r = −.94), and angle of slide (r = −.80 to −.90, depending on surface material) and positively correlated with moisture content (r = .72) and loose bulk density (r = .72). Finely ground flour resulted in particles that tended to be less circular and more elongated and had high angles of repose and slide.

Conclusions

Milling method significantly affected (p < .05) physical and flow properties of black bean flour.

Significance and novelty

These findings can be used by food processors in selecting a milling method that favors the production of black bean flour with the desired physical properties.
Charge Transfer Kinetics at Ag(111) Single Crystal Electrode/Ionic Liquid Interfaces: Dependence on the Cation Alkyl Side Chain Length
Authors: Li Miangang , Liu Shuai , Xie Liqiang , Yan Jiawei , Lagrost Corinne , Wang Shuai , Feng Guang , Hapiot Philippe , Mao Bingwei
Published: February 2021

The influences of the electrode/ionic liquids interfaces on the charge transfer kinetics are addressed with the example of the oxidation of chromocene at a single crystal Ag(111) electrode. We considered three different imidazolium‐based room temperature ionic liquids (RTILs) with alkyl chains of different lengths but with a common anion. The standard charge transfer rate constants k° are extracted from cyclic voltammograms (CVs) by analyzing the peak potential variations with the scan rate and/or performing semi‐integral electroanalysis with a careful treatment of the ohmic drop. Linear variations between the logarithms of k° and the longitudinal relaxation times τL or the dynamic viscosity η of the ionic liquids are obtained. However, the amplitude of the decrease is much larger than it could be expected from the sole bulk properties of the ionic liquid indicating a strong effect of the interface on the kinetics. These observations agree with a well‐organized electrode/RTIL interface that behaves as a sort of self‐assembled monolayer that controls the charge transfer kinetics with an exponential tunneling coefficient β of 5.51 nm−1.
Architecture engineering of carbonaceous anodes for high‐rate potassium‐ion batteries
Authors: Wu Tianlai , Zhang Weicai , Yang Jiaying , Lu Qiongqiong , Peng Jing , Zheng Mingtao , Xu Fei , Liu Yingliang , Liang Yeru
Published: February 2021

The limited lithium resource in earth's crust has stimulated the pursuit of alternative energy storage technologies to lithium‐ion battery. Potassium‐ion batteries (KIBs) are regarded as a kind of promising candidate for large‐scale energy storage owing to the high abundance and low cost of potassium resources. Nevertheless, further development and wide application of KIBs are still challenged by several obstacles, one of which is their fast capacity deterioration at high rates. A considerable amount of effort has recently been devoted to address this problem by developing advanced carbonaceous anode materials with diverse structures and morphologies. This review presents and highlights how the architecture engineering of carbonaceous anode materials gives rise to high‐rate performances for KIBs, and also the beneficial conceptions are consciously extracted from the recent progress. Particularly, basic insights into the recent engineering strategies, structural innovation, and the related advances of carbonaceous anodes for high‐rate KIBs are under specific concerns. Based on the achievements attained so far, a perspective on the foregoing, and proposed possible directions, and avenues for designing high‐rate anodes, are presented finally.
Mycophenolic Acid Exposure Prediction Using Machine Learning
Authors: Woillard Jean‐Baptiste , Labriffe Marc , Debord Jean , Marquet Pierre
Published: February 2021

Therapeutic drug monitoring of mycophenolic acid (MPA) based on area under the curve (AUC) is well‐established and machine learning (ML) approaches could help to estimate AUC. The aim of this work is to estimate the AUC of MPA in organ transplant patients using extreme gradient boosting (Xgboost R package) ML models. A total of 12,877 MPA AUC from 0 to 12 hours (AUC0–12 h) requests from 6,884 patients sent to our Immunosuppressant Bayesian Dose Adjustment expert system (https://abis.chu‐limoges.fr) for AUC estimation and dose recommendation based on MPA concentrations measured at least at three sampling times (~ 20 minutes, 1 and 3 hours after dosing) were used to develop two ML models based on two or three concentrations. Data were split into a training set (75%) and a test set (25%) and the Xgboost models in the training set with the lowest root mean squared error (RMSE) in a 10‐fold cross‐validation experiment were evaluated in the test set and in 4 independent full‐pharmacokinetic (PK) datasets from renal or heart transplant recipients. ML models based on two or three concentrations, differences between these concentrations, relative deviations from theoretical times of sampling, presence of a delayed absorption peak, and five covariates (dose, type of transplantation, associated immunosuppressant, age, and time between transplantation and sampling) yielded accurate AUC estimation performances in the test datasets (relative bias < 5% and relative RMSE < 20%) and better performance than MAP Bayesian estimation in the four independent full‐PK datasets. The Xgboost ML models described allow accurate estimation of MPA AUC0–12 h and can be used for routine exposure estimation and dose adjustment and will soon be implemented in a dedicated web interface.
Physiologically‐Based Pharmacokinetic Modeling to Support the Clinical Management of Drug–Drug Interactions With Bictegravir
Authors: Stader Felix , Battegay Manuel , Marzolini Catia
Published: February 2021

Bictegravir is equally metabolized by cytochrome P450 (CYP)3A and uridine diphosphate‐glucuronosyltransferase (UGT)1A1. Drug–drug interaction (DDI) studies were only conducted for strong inhibitors and inducers, leading to some uncertainty whether moderate perpetrators or multiple drug associations can be safely coadministered with bictegravir. We used physiologically‐based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) modeling to simulate DDI magnitudes of various scenarios to guide the clinical DDI management of bictegravir. Clinically observed DDI data for bictegravir coadministered with voriconazole, darunavir/cobicistat, atazanavir/cobicistat, and rifampicin were predicted within the 95% confidence interval of the PBPK model simulations. The area under the curve (AUC) ratio of the DDI divided by the control scenario was always predicted within 1.25‐fold of the clinically observed data, demonstrating the predictive capability of the used modeling approach. After the successful verification, various DDI scenarios with drug pairs and multiple concomitant drugs were simulated to analyze their effect on bictegravir exposure. Generally, our simulation results suggest that bictegravir should not be coadministered with strong CYP3A and UGT1A1 inhibitors and inducers (e.g., atazanavir, nilotinib, and rifampicin), but based on the present modeling results, bictegravir could be administered with moderate dual perpetrators (e.g., efavirenz). Importantly, the inducing effect of rifampicin on bictegravir was predicted to be reversed with the concomitant administration of a strong inhibitor such as ritonavir, resulting in a DDI magnitude within the efficacy and safety margin for bictegravir (0.5–2.4‐fold). In conclusion, the PBPK modeling strategy can effectively be used to guide the clinical management of DDIs for novel drugs with limited clinical experience, such as bictegravir.
Metasequoia‐like Nanocrystal of Iron‐Doped Copper for Efficient Electrocatalytic Nitrate Reduction into Ammonia in Neutral Media
Authors: Wang Changhong , Liu Zhengyang , Hu Tao , Li Jingsha , Dong Liuqi , Du Feng , Li Changming , Guo Chunxian
Published: February 2021

It is of significance to design catalysts for achieving high‐performance electrochemical nitrate reduction to ammonia (NRA) in mild neutral media. However, the faradaic efficiency and selectivity are still far from satisfactory. Here, the fabrication of an efficient catalyst was achieved by rationally doping Fe to Cu into a metasequoia‐like nanocrystal of CuFe for NRA in neutral media. Fe doping was found to deepen energy level of the Cu 3d band, favorably tuning adsorption energies of reaction intermediates to promote the NRA. At an applied potential of −0.7 V vs. the reversible hydrogen electrode, the CuFe with approximately 2 % Fe doping content delivered a catalytic current density of 55.6 mA cm−2, which was 2.1 times that of the Cu material. The CuFe also exhibited a faradaic efficiency up to 94.5 %, and a good selectivity of 86.8 %.
Parental feeding practices and children's disordered eating among single parents and co‐parents
Authors: Kamody Rebecca C. , Lydecker Janet A.
Published: February 2021

Objective

Some parental feeding practices are associated with pediatric disordered eating and weight status. Existing research, however, has focused on maternal feeding practices in co‐parent households. Single parents and fathers are notably understudied in this area. The current study examined associations of parental feeding practices with child disordered eating behaviors and weight, and compared associations between single mothers and fathers with a matched sample of co‐parenting mothers and fathers.

Method

Parents (N = 524) of youth between 5 and 16 years completed an online survey that included measures of parental feeding practices and unhealthy eating/weight‐related parenting practices. Co‐parents were matched to each single parent based on gender, race, ethnicity, education level, age, and BMI.

Results

Single parents reported significantly greater concern about their child's weight, eating and shape, and reported engaging in more restraint and restriction of their child's eating, as well as having more perceived responsibility of their child's eating than caregivers in co‐parent households. Children of single parents were significantly more likely to engage in secretive eating.

Discussion

Associations between single parents' feeding practices and child weight and disordered eating parallel the broader literature. There were differences between single mothers and fathers and co‐parenting mothers and fathers, particularly in their report of their unhealthy eating/weight‐related parenting practices. Such differences may influence children's longer‐term eating behaviors and weight status. Further research on single‐parent households is needed, including longitudinal and epidemiological studies.
Can you find the right support for children, adolescents and young adults with anorexia nervosa: Access to age‐appropriate care systems in various healthcare systems
Authors: Herpertz‐Dahlmann Beate , Bonin Eva , Dahmen Brigitte
Published: February 2021

Objective

Anorexia nervosa (AN) often has its onset in childhood or adolescence. However, there is insufficient knowledge regarding access to and utilisation of age‐specific clinical diagnostics and treatment.

Methods

A literature review covering the last 10 years was conducted to provide a narrative review of the current state of research on the detection and treatment of young patients with AN in primary and secondary care.

Results

Most articles were of Western European or US origin. Timely diagnosis of the eating disorder (ED) and treatment options more often depend on the structure and quality of the national health care system than on scientific evidence. Regular paediatric health check‐ups and age‐appropriate eating disorder services appear to facilitate early diagnosis. Age‐specific treatment that also involves the carers is often associated with a higher continuity of care and a better outcome. Although many adolescents require an extension of treatment into young adulthood, individual and health care system‐related obstacles in many countries prevent a smooth transition.

Conclusion

To improve outcomes in childhood and adolescent AN, age‐specific and timely diagnostic and therapeutic procedures are urgently needed.
Amphioxus neuroglia: Molecular characterization and evidence for early compartmentalization of the developing nerve cord
Authors: Bozzo Matteo , Lacalli Thurston C. , Obino Valentina , Caicci Federico , Marcenaro Emanuela , Bachetti Tiziana , Manni Lucia , Pestarino Mario , Schubert Michael , Candiani Simona
Published: February 2021

Glial cells play important roles in the development and homeostasis of metazoan nervous systems. However, while their involvement in the development and function in the central nervous system (CNS) of vertebrates is increasingly well understood, much less is known about invertebrate glia and the evolutionary history of glial cells more generally. An investigation into amphioxus glia is therefore timely, as this organism is the best living proxy for the last common ancestor of all chordates, and hence provides a window into the role of glial cell development and function at the transition of invertebrates and vertebrates. We report here our findings on amphioxus glia as characterized by molecular probes correlated with anatomical data at the transmission electron microscopy (TEM) level. The results show that amphioxus glial lineages express genes typical of vertebrate astroglia and radial glia, and that they segregate early in development, forming what appears to be a spatially separate cell proliferation zone positioned laterally, between the dorsal and ventral zones of neural cell proliferation. Our study provides strong evidence for the presence of vertebrate‐type glial cells in amphioxus, while highlighting the role played by segregated progenitor cell pools in CNS development. There are implications also for our understanding of glial cells in a broader evolutionary context, and insights into patterns of precursor cell deployment in the chordate nerve cord.
Classification of multiple sclerosis based on patterns ofCNSregional atrophy covariance
Authors: Tsagkas Charidimos , Parmar Katrin , Pezold Simon , Barro Christian , Chakravarty Mallar M. , Gaetano Laura , Naegelin Yvonne , Amann Michael , Papadopoulou Athina , Wuerfel Jens , Kappos Ludwig , Kuhle Jens , Sprenger Till , Granziera Cristina , Magon Stefano
Published: February 2021

There is evidence that multiple sclerosis (MS) pathology leads to distinct patterns of volume loss over time (VLOT) in different central nervous system (CNS) structures. We aimed to use such patterns to identify patient subgroups. MS patients of all classical disease phenotypes underwent annual clinical, blood, and MRI examinations over 6 years. Spinal, striatal, pallidal, thalamic, cortical, white matter, and T2‐weighted lesion volumes as well as serum neurofilament light chain (sNfL) were quantified. CNS VLOT patterns were identified using principal component analysis and patients were classified using hierarchical cluster analysis. 225 MS patients were classified into four distinct Groups A, B, C, and D including 14, 59, 141, and 11 patients, respectively). These groups did not differ in baseline demographics, disease duration, disease phenotype distribution, and lesion‐load expansion. Interestingly, Group A showed pronounced spinothalamic VLOT, Group B marked pallidal VLOT, Group C small between‐structure VLOT differences, and Group D myelocortical volume increase and pronounced white matter VLOT. Neurologic deficits were more severe and progressed faster in Group A that also had higher mean sNfL levels than all other groups. Group B experienced more frequent relapses than Group C. In conclusion, there are distinct patterns of VLOT across the CNS in MS patients, which do not overlap with clinical MS subtypes and are independent of disease duration and lesion‐load but are partially associated to sNfL levels, relapse rates, and clinical worsening. Our findings support the need for a more biologic classification of MS subtypes including volumetric and body‐fluid markers.
Aiding decision makers to reopening of places of worship
Authors: Rothrock Ling , Abraham Aaron , Graf Allison , Rodopman Mina , Nold Dan
Published: February 2021

Objective

Our research objective is to work with leaders of houses of worship in the local community to assess options for the physically reopening of places of worship.

Method

This study consists of two parts. The first part consists of working with a leader of a house of worship to formulate a decision process based on the priorities of the organization and its physical size and population. The second part involves the modeling of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) virus spread within a physical space to provide the leadership of the house of worship an estimate of the outcomes of deciding on various courses of action. The model is a modification of a standard virus model developed for the NetLogo programming environment.

Results

The team worked with a large local church in Pennsylvania to physically reopen a worship service. Based on the questionnaire data, the congregation did not prefer the strongest form of the SARS‐CoV‐2 virus mitigation (mask wearing and social distancing) but favored either mask required and no social distancing or masks optional and social distancing. The team simulated conditions representative of the church and found that social distancing is the key factor to mitigate spread.

Conclusion

Given the preferences of the congregation, our simulation results suggested that one of the favored options would likely yield a large number of infections (>10% in a scenario with an asymptomatic carrier). This information was provided to the leadership to guide their decision‐making for the coming months as poor weather will rule out outdoor worship as a viable option.
Investigating employee and organizational performance in across‐borderacquisition—A case of withdrawal behavior
Authors: Tian Anna Yumiao , Ahammad Mohammad Faisal , Tarba Shlomo Yedidia , Pereira Vijay , Arslan Ahmad , Khan Zaheer
Published: February 2021

Over the last two decades, performance management systems (PMSs) have been the focus of increasing attention. However, scant research has examined the link between individual‐ and organizational‐level performance in the context of cross‐border mergers and acquisitions. Employee withdrawal adversely affects organizations, and has thus been associated with negative consequences for organizations and regarded as a counterproductive work behavior. Our article presents an empirical investigation of determinants and consequences of employee withdrawal, and its impact on willingness to share tacit knowledge, knowledge transfer, and cross‐border acquisition performance in the context of Chinese acquisitions in the UK. Based on a cross‐sectional survey of 103 employees of an UK subsidiary and Chinese acquiring firm, we found that trust in the acquiring firm significantly reduces acquired firm employee withdrawal behaviors. Moreover, our findings indicate that employee withdrawal behaviors negatively impact employee willingness to share tacit knowledge. The findings further confirm that such willingness positively influences knowledge transfer, which, in turn, has a positive effect on cross border acquisition performance. Our article contributes to the PMS literature by enhancing the understanding of the process through which human resource management systems affect outcomes at different levels of analysis in the context of the cross‐border acquisitions.
Parent personality and children's inattention/hyperactivity problems are related via early caregiving
Authors: Mohamed Ali Ola , Kotelnikova Yuliya , Kryski Katie R. , Durbin C. Emily , Hayden Elizabeth P.
Published: February 2021

Diverse mechanisms account for the familial aggregation of certain personality traits and externalizing psychopathology. We explored the roles of positive and negative parenting as mediators of longitudinal associations between parents' maladaptive personality traits and their children's inattention/hyperactivity problems. We collected self, informant and observational measures of parent personality, parenting and child symptoms from a community sample of 409 children (208 girls) and their primary caregiver across three waves of data collection at child ages 3, 5 and 8 years. Primary caregiver's negative temperament, mistrust and aggression were positively associated with children's symptoms of hyperactivity/inattention. While parenting was unrelated to self‐reported traits, responsive parenting mediated negative associations between informant‐reported maladaptive parent traits and children's hyperactivity/inattention. In addition, informant‐reported trait aggression predicted boys' ADHD symptoms via hostile parenting. Findings implicate mechanisms that may underlie intergenerational transmission and continuity of inattention/hyperactivity and highlight the importance of multi‐informant, multi‐method approaches when studying relationships between parent traits and child outcomes.

Highlights

Parents' trait aggression predicts boys' ADHD symptoms, partially via caregiving.

Mechanisms that link parents' traits to child ADHD symptoms are trait‐specific.

Informant‐, but not self‐, reported parent personality was related to parenting.
CNN‐based politics public opinion analysis of undergraduates: A case study with CDN deployment
Authors: Xie Yuchi
Published: February 2021

In the era of social media, the political speech of undergraduates blots out the sky and covers up the earth, which perhaps generates the negative effect. To enhance the management ability of government departments, it is considerably necessary to pay more attention to the public opinion. However, the current researches on the public opinion mainly focus on mathematical modeling or data mining irrespective of public opinion analysis. Consider that Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) has the strong data analysis ability, this paper uses CNN to realize the special application, that is, politics public opinion analysis of undergraduates, which has two functions. On one hand, greatly help the government departments eliminate the crisis timely; On the other hand, correctly guide the political education of undergraduates. Besides, this paper also presents a case study based on Content Delivery Network (CDN) deployment, in which a monitor system of public opinion analysis is implemented to analyze the undergraduates' political speech. Finally, with three public opinion dissemination modes consideration, the experiments are made. The results show that CNN has better training ability and the whole deployment is more significant compared to the state‐of‐the‐art schemes.