bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Retrospective cohort study of prognostic factors in patients with oral cavity and oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Carrillo José F. , Carrillo Liliana C. , Cano Ana , Ramirez–Ortega Margarita C. , Chanona Jorge G. , Avilés Alejandro , Herrera–Goepfert Roberto , Corona–Rivera Jaime , Ochoa–Carrillo Francisco J. , Oñate–Ocaña Luis F.
Published: October 2014

Background

Prognostic factors in oral cavity and oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) are debated. The purpose of this study was to investigate the association of prognostic factors with oncologic outcomes.

Methods

Patients with oral cavity and oropharyngeal SCC treated from 1997 to 2012 were included in this retrospective cohort study. Associations of prognostic factors with locoregional recurrence (LRR) or overall survival (OS) were analyzed using the logistic regression and the Cox models.

Results

Six hundred thirty‐four patients were included in this study; tumor size, surgical margins, and N classification were associated with LRR (p < .0001); considering histopathology: perineural invasion, lymphocytic infiltration, infiltrative borders, and N classification were significant determinants of LRR. Tumor size, N classification, alcoholism, and surgical margins were associated with OS (p < .0001); considering pathologic prognostic factors, perivascular invasion, islands borders, and surgical margins were independently associated with OS (p < .0001).

Conclusion

Surgical margins, perineural and perivascular invasion, lymphocytic infiltration, and infiltrative patterns of tumor invasion are significant prognostic factors in oral cavity and oropharyngeal SCC. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 38: 536–541, 2016
Discussing a diagnosis of human papillomavirus oropharyngeal cancer with patients: An exploratory qualitative study of health professionals
Authors: Dodd Rachael H. , Marlow Laura A. V. , Waller Jo
Published: October 2014

Background

The role of human papillomavirus (HPV) in oropharyngeal squamous cell cancer (SCC) has now been well established. Clinicians' experiences and challenges of talking to patients about HPV have yet to be explored.

Methods

Fifteen health professionals caring for patients with oropharyngeal SCC were interviewed. Interviews were analyzed thematically.

Results

Participants expressed mixed views about explaining the causal role of HPV to their patients. Normalizing HPV and emphasizing the positive prognosis associated with it were regarded as key messages to be communicated. Challenging experiences included managing couples in a consultation and patients' concerns about transmitting HPV to their partners. Some participants described limitations to their HPV knowledge and identified the need for further information and training.

Conclusion

This study identified challenges experienced by health professionals working with patients with oropharyngeal SCC and highlights some key messages to convey to patients. Clinical guidance for health professionals and further information for patients about HPV‐positive oropharyngeal SCC are needed. © 2015 The Authors Head & Neck Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 38: 394–401, 2016
Adding pegylated interferon to entecavir for hepatitis B e antigen–positive chronic hepatitis B: A multicenter randomized trial (ARES study)
Authors: Brouwer Willem Pieter , Xie Qing , Sonneveld Milan J. , Zhang Ningping , Zhang Qin , Tabak Fehmi , Streinu‐Cercel Adrian , Wang Ji‐Yao , Idilman Ramazan , Reesink Hendrik W. , Diculescu Mircea , Simon Krzysztof , Voiculescu Mihai , Akdogan Meral , Mazur Wlodzimierz , Reijnders Jurrien G.P. , Verhey Elke , Hansen Bettina E. , Janssen Harry L.A. ,   for the ARES Study Group
Published: October 2014

Entecavir (ETV) is a potent inhibitor of hepatitis B viral replication, but long‐term therapy may be required. We investigated whether adding on pegylated interferon (Peg‐IFN) to ETV therapy enhances serological response rates. In this global investigator‐initiated, open‐label, multicenter, randomized trial, hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg)‐positive chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients with compensated liver disease started on ETV monotherapy (0.5 mg/day) and were randomized in a 1:1 ratio to either Peg‐IFN add‐on therapy (180 µg/week) from week 24 to 48 (n = 85) or to continue ETV monotherapy (n = 90). Response was defined as HBeAg loss with HBV DNA <200 IU/mL at week 48. Responders discontinued ETV at week 72. All patients were followed until week 96. Response was achieved in 16 of 85 (19%) patients allocated to the add‐on arm versus 9 of 90 (10%) in the monotherapy arm (P = 0.095). Adjusted for HBV DNA levels before randomized therapy, Peg‐IFN add‐on was significantly associated with response (odds ratio: 4.8; 95% confidence interval: 1.6‐14.0; P = 0.004). Eleven (13%) of the add‐on‐treated patients achieved disease remission after ETV cessation versus 2 of 90 (2%) of those treated with monotherapy (P = 0.007), which was 79% (11 of 14) versus 25% (2 of 8) of those who discontinued ETV (P = 0.014). At week 96, 22 (26%) patients assigned add‐on versus 12 (13%) assigned monotherapy achieved HBeAg seroconversion (P = 0.036). Peg‐IFN add‐on led to significantly more decline in hepatitis B surface antigen, HBeAg, and HBV DNA (all P < 0.001). Combination therapy was well tolerated. Conclusion: Although the primary endpoint was not reached, 24 weeks of Peg‐IFN add‐on therapy led to a higher proportion of HBeAg response, compared to ETV monotherapy. Add‐on therapy resulted in more viral decline and appeared to prevent relapse after stopping ETV. Hence, Peg‐IFN add‐on therapy may facilitate the discontinuation of nucleos(t)ide analogs. (Hepatology 2015;61:1512–1522)
Social isolation‐induced increase in NMDA receptors in the hippocampus exacerbates emotional dysregulation in mice
Authors: Chang Chih‐Hua , Hsiao Ya‐Hsin , Chen Yu‐Wen , Yu Yang‐Jung , Gean Po‐Wu
Published: October 2014

Epidemiological studies have shown that early life adverse events have long‐term effects on the susceptibility to subsequent stress exposure in adolescence, but the precise mechanism is unclear. In the present study, mice on postnatal day 21–28 were randomly assigned to either a group or isolated cages for 8 weeks. The socially isolated (SI) mice exhibited a higher level of spontaneous locomotor activity, a longer duration of immobility in the forced swimming test (FST), significantly less prepulse inhibition (PPI) and an increase in aggressive (but not attack) behavior. However, acute stress markedly exacerbated the attack counts of the SI mice but did not affect the group housing (GH) mice. SI mice exhibited higher synaptosomal NR2A and NR2B levels in the hippocampus as compared to the GH mice. Whole‐cell patch clamp recordings of CA1 neurons in hippocampal slices showed that the SI mice exhibited a higher input‐output relationship of NMDAR‐EPSCs as compared to the GH mice. Application of the NR2B‐specific antagonist ifenprodil produced a greater attenuating effect on NMDAR‐EPSCs in slices from the SI mice. NMDAR EPSCs recorded from the SI mice had a slower deactivation kinetic. MK‐801, CPP and ifenprodil, the NMDA antagonists, reversed acute stress‐induced exaggeration of aggressive and depressive behaviors. Furthermore, acute stress‐induced exacerbation of attack behavior in the SI mice was abolished after the knockdown of NR2B expression. These results suggest that social isolation‐induced increased expression of NMDA receptors in the hippocampus involves stress exacerbation of aggressive behaviors. Amelioration of aggressive behaviors by NMDA antagonists may open a new avenue for the treatment of psychopathologies that involve outbursts of emotional aggression in neglected children. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The Effect of Supplemental Dietary Fat on Plasma Cholesterol Levels in Lovastatin‐Treated Hypercholesterolemic Patients
Authors: McKenney James M. , Proctor Jack D. , Wright Jackson T. , Kolinski Robert J. , Elswick R.K. , Coaker Jean S.
Published: October 2014

Study Objective. A validation study was conducted first to test assumptions about the effect of saturated and unsaturated dietary fat supplements. The second study was conducted to determine the effect on blood cholesterol levels of saturated and unsaturated fat supplements in patients who followed a low‐fat diet and were administered lovastatin.

Design. Randomized, crossover design, with three periods in the first study and four in the second study, each lasting 6 weeks.

Setting. Cholesterol Research Center.

Patients. The first study evaluated adults with total cholesterol levels between 200 and 280 mg/dl (5.172 and 7.241 mmol/L). The second study included adults with low‐density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol levels above 160 mg/dl (4.138 mmol/L).

Interventions. Fat supplements with either coconut or canola oil were delivered to patients in oatmeal‐raisin cookies.

Measurements and Main Results. In the validation study, patients' mean prerandomization total cholesterol level of 222 mg/dl was reduced to 213 mg/dl with canola oil and increased to 233 mg/dl with coconut oil cookies (p=0.0038). In the second study the mean prerandomization total cholesterol level of 214 mg/dl was decreased to 199 mg/dl with canola oil and to 208 mg/dl with coconut oil cookies (p=0.2342). The LDL cholesterol levels changed in a similar fashion in both studies.

Conclusions. Changes in total and LDL cholesterol levels in the validation study were expected based on established effects of saturated and unsaturated fatty acids, but changes in these levels in lovastatin‐cookie study were not expected. They could have occurred because lovastatin reversed the effect of saturated fats and enhanced the effect of unsaturated fats. Alternatively, they may have been due to enhanced bioavailability of lovastatin when administered with a high‐fat diet. These findings must be confirmed.
Age and Carotid Artery Occlusive Disease Are Important Determinants of Cerebral Blood Flow Changes After Antihypertensive Therapy
Authors: Fagan Susan C. , Levine Steven R. , Ewing James R. , Ramadan N.M. , Welch K.M.A.
Published: October 2014

Study Objective. To determine the short‐term effects of antihypertensive therapy on cerebral blood flow (CBF).

Design. Prospective, observational study.

Setting. A university‐affiliated teaching hospital.

Patients. Twenty‐four patients (age range 53–85 yrs) with chronic hypertension, nine of whom had carotid artery occlusive disease (CAOD).

Interventions. The CBF (xenon‐133 inhalation technique) and blood pressure were measured before and at 60 minutes after administration of antihypertensive therapy.

Measurements and Main Results. Age was inversely related to the change in CBF in patients with CAOD (p>0.01). In all patients, the change in CBF after taking antihypertensive drugs was significantly inversely associated with baseline CBF (p>0.01). Changes in regional CBF, measured by asymmetry scores, were significantly greater in patients with CAOD than in those without CAOD (p<0.05).

Conclusions. Elderly patients with occlusive extracranial cerebrovascular disease are at risk of drug‐induced changes in both mean and regional CBF, and may benefit from a CBF assessment before being prescribed antihypertensive therapy.
International Pharmacy
Authors: Bond C.A. , Raehl Cynthia L. , Claesson Cecilia
Published: October 2014

Several worldwide initiatives involve pharmacy education and practice; however, the International Pharmaceutical Federation is the only worldwide pharmacy organization currently in existence. This is the first report of the good pharmacy practice initiative published in the United States. We hope that it will stimulate interest in international pharmacy.
The Development of Clinical Practice Guidelines for Treatment of Peptic Acid Diseases in a VA Ambulatory Care Clinic
Authors: Matsuyama Joy R. , Lee David K.
Published: October 2014

The costly treatment of peptic acid diseases at a Veterans Affairs ambulatory care clinic prompted the development of clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) for the disorders. A committee consisting of a clinical pharmacist, the chiefs of ambulatory care and medicine, and a gastroenterologist guided the process. A consensus‐style conference format involving medical staff and residents, pharmacists, and other health providers was chosen to develop the CPGs. Before the conference each participant received a list of key issues and literature on practice guidelines, and on peptic acid diseases and their treatment. At the conference the participants were divided int6 four groups; each group discussed specific key issues using a modified nominal group process. Recommendations from each group were made to the entire conference. Final recommendations were compiled into what was adopted and readily received as the CPGs for the institution.
Nabumetone‐Associated Interstitial Nephritis
Authors: Blackwell Eric , Loughlin Kathleen , Dumler Francis , Smythe Maureen
Published: October 2014

An 84‐year‐old woman was admitted to the hospital for progressive edema and decreased urine output. She had been taking nabumetone for 6 months, but had discontinued the agent 2 weeks before admission due to progressive edema. On admission she had 2–3+ pitting edema. Her serum electrolytes were sodium 122 mEq/L, potassium 5.9 mEq/L, chloride 93 mEq/L, and carbon dioxide 19 mEq/L. A urinalysis was significant for protein 3061 mg/dl, ketones 15 mg/dl, blood 2+, leukocytes 26–50/high‐power field, and a protein:creatinine ratio 24.9. The serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen concentrations were 2.7 mg/dl and 70 mg/dl, respectively. Throughout hospitalization the patient underwent aggressive diuresis. She developed congestive heart failure, and hemodialysis was initiated. A renal biopsy specimen on hospital day 9 showed tubular damage with minimal glomerular changes consistent with a diagnosis of nonsteroidal agent‐induced nephropathy. On day 13, a 24‐hour urine collection had a protein excretion of 3151 mg. Although the patient recovered from her renal failure (creatinine clearance 43 ml/min), the nephrotic syndrome persisted (13 g protein/day). The patient developed infectious complications and died on hospital day 32.
Professional Resources
Authors: Haddix Marcelle M.
Published: October 2014

This column provides reviews of adolescent and adult professional resources and provides a valuable resource for professional resource selection in‐ and outside the classroom.
Cloud‐Based Collaborative Writing and the Common Core Standards
Authors: Yim Soobin , Warschauer Mark , Zheng Binbin , Lawrence Joshua F.
Published: October 2014

The Common Core State Standards emphasize the integration of technology skills into English Language Arts (ELA) instruction, recognizing the demand for technology‐based literacy skills to be college‐ and career‐ ready. This study aims to examine how collaborative cloud‐based writing is used in in a Colorado school district, where one‐to‐one computer access with netbooks and open source software is provided to all students. Specifically, this paper highlights how the middle school students’ online writing align with the specific domains of the Common CoreELAStandards. Implications for practices are also discussed based on the challenges and affordances of using cloud‐based collaborative writing in the district.
Comparison of the kinetics of various biomarkers of benzo[a]pyrene exposure following different routes of entry in rats
Authors: Moreau Marjory , Bouchard Michèle
Published: October 2014

The effect of route of exposure on the kinetics of key biomarkers of exposure to benzo[a]pyrene (BaP), a known human carcinogen, was studied. Rats were exposed to an intravenous, intratracheal, oral and cutaneous dose of 40 µmol kg–1 BaP. BaP and several metabolites were measured in blood, urine and feces collected at frequent intervals over 72 h post‐treatment, using high‐performance liquid chromatography/fluorescence. Only BaP and 3‐hydroxyBaP (3‐OHBaP) were detectable in blood at all time points. There were route‐to‐route differences in the excreted amounts (% dose) of metabolites but the observed time courses of the excretion rate were quite similar. In urine, total amounts of BaP metabolites excreted over the 0–72 h period followed the order: trans‐4,5‐dihydrodiolBaP (4,5‐diolBaP) ≥ 3‐OHBaP > 7‐OHBaP ≥ 7,8‐diolBaP after intravenous injection and intratracheal instillation; 3‐OHBaP ≈ 7‐OHBaP ≥ 4,5‐diolBaP > 7,8‐diolBaP after cutaneous application; 3‐OHBaP ≥ 4,5‐diolBaP ≈ 7‐OHBaP > 7,8‐diolBaP following oral administration. In feces, total amounts of BaP metabolites recovered were: 7‐OHBaP ≈ 3‐OHBaP > 4,5‐diolBaP > 7,8‐diolBaP > BaP‐7,8,9,10‐tetrol following all administration routes. For all exposure routes, excretion of 4,5‐ and 7,8‐diolBaP was almost complete over the 0–24 h period in contrast with that of 3‐ and 7‐OHBaP. This study confirms the interest of measuring multiple metabolites due to route‐to‐route differences in the relative excretion of the different biomarkers and in the time courses of diolBaPs versus OHBaPs. Concentration ratios of the different metabolites may help indicate time and main route of exposure. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Equine model for soft‐tissue regeneration
Authors: Bellas Evangelia , Rollins Amanda , Moreau Jodie E. , Lo Tim , Quinn Kyle P. , Fourligas Nicholas , Georgakoudi Irene , Leisk Gary G. , Mazan Melissa , Thane Kristen E. , Taeymans Olivier , Hoffman A. M. , Kaplan D. L. , Kirker‐Head C. A.
Published: October 2014

Soft‐tissue regeneration methods currently yield suboptimal clinical outcomes due to loss of tissue volume and a lack of functional tissue regeneration. Grafted tissues and natural biomaterials often degrade or resorb too quickly, while most synthetic materials do not degrade. In previous research we demonstrated that soft‐tissue regeneration can be supported using silk porous biomaterials for at least 18 months in vivo in a rodent model. In the present study, we scaled the system to a survival study using a large animal model and demonstrated the feasibility of these biomaterials for soft‐tissue regeneration in adult horses. Both slow and rapidly degrading silk matrices were evaluated in subcutaneous pocket and intramuscular defect depots. We showed that we can effectively employ an equine model over 6 months to simultaneously evaluate many different implants, reducing the number of animals needed. Furthermore, we were able to tailor matrix degradation by varying the initial format of the implanted silk. Finally, we demonstrate ultrasound imaging of implants to be an effective means for tracking tissue regeneration and implant degradation. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 103B: 1217–1227, 2015.
In vitro and in vivo evaluation of doxycycline‐chondroitin sulfate/PCLmicrospheres for intraarticular treatment of osteoarthritis
Authors: Aydin Ozlem , Korkusuz Feza , Korkusuz Petek , Tezcaner Aysen , Bilgic Elif , Yaprakci Volkan , Keskin Dilek
Published: October 2014

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative joint disease, which has no complete treatment with medication yet. Intraarticular hyaluronan (HA) injection can decrease pain and modify the natural course of OA. This study was designed to provide long term delivery of an MMP (matrix‐metalloproteinase) inhibitor agent‐doxycycline, together with matrix regenerative agent‐chondroitin sulfate for treating OA which progress with matrix degenerations. Doxycycline (D) and doxycycline‐chondroitin sulfate (D‐CS) loaded poly‐ɛ‐caprolactone (PCL) microspheres (MS) were prepared as intraarticular delivery systems. Bio‐effectiveness of developed microspheres was first evaluated with three‐dimensional in vitro model of OA where both MS showed significant reduction in MMP‐13 levels compared to untreated OA‐chondrocytes at 15 and 24 days. Significant decrease was observed in GAG release into the media for both D MS and D‐CS MS treated groups at 15 and 24 days. Second, the microspheres were injected to rabbit knee in hyaluronan (HA) to evaluate the effectiveness of the treatment. Radiographic scores of D MS and D‐CS MS groups improved after 8 weeks when compared to OA group. Mankin‐Pitzker histological scores similarly showed improvement with D MS and D‐CSMS groups when compared to OA group. Ex vivo hardness tests of cartilages demonstrated superior hardness values with both doses of D‐CSMS compared to OA group. D MS showed promising improvement of OA in histology results. Although, both MS groups had similar effects on cells in the in vitro model, D‐CSMS had a positive contribution on all in vivo treatment outcomes and showed potential as a new strategy for treatment when applied to OA knee joints. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 103B: 1238–1248, 2015.
Three‐dimensional constructs using hyaluronan cell carrier as a tool for the study of cancer stem cells
Authors: Martínez‐Ramos Cristina , Lebourg Myriam
Published: October 2014

Background: Cancer research focuses increasingly on cancer stem cell study as those cells are thought to be the root of chemo and radioresistance of the most aggressive cancer types. Nevertheless, two‐dimensional (2D) cell culture and even three‐dimensional (3D) spheroid models, with their limited ability to reflect cell‐extracellular matrix interactions, are not ideal for the study of cancer stem cells (CSCs). In this study, we establish a 3D in vitro cancer model using a synthetic and natural scaffold with tunable features and show that U87 cells cultured in this system acquire a stem‐cell like phenotype. Methods: U87 astrocytoma cells were grown on polycaprolactone (PCL)−2D flat substrates (2D) and PCL‐3D scaffolds (3D) eventually containing hyaluronic acid (3D‐HA). Cell viability, growth patterns, morphology, and cell surface marker expression (CD44, RHAMM and CD133) were studied to assess the effect of 3D culture and presence of HA. Results: 3D scaffold, but most prominently presence of HA induced changes in cell morphology and marker expression; 3D‐HA cultures showed features of aggregates; moreover, markedly increased expression of Nestin, CD44, RHAMM, and CD133 in 3D‐HA scaffolds were found. Conclusions: the behavior of U87 in our 3D‐HA model is more similar to tumor growth in vivo and a stem‐like phenotype is promoted. Thus, the 3D‐HA scaffold could provide a useful model for CSCs study and anti‐cancer therapeutics research in vitro and may have preclinical application for the screening of drug candidates. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 103B: 1249–1257, 2015.
Real‐time, noninvasive optical coherence tomography of cross‐sectional living cell‐sheets in vitro and in vivo
Authors: Kobayashi Mari , Haraguchi Yuji , Shimizu Tatsuya , Mizuuchi Kiminori , Iseki Hiroshi
Published: October 2014

Cell sheet technology has a history of application in regenerating various tissues, having successfully completed several clinical trials using autologous cell sheets. Tomographic analysis of living cell sheets is an important tool in the field of cell sheet‐based regenerative medicine and tissue engineering to analyze the inner structure of layered living cells. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is commonly used in ophthalmology to noninvasively analyze cross‐sections of target tissues at high resolution. This study used OCT to conduct real‐time, noninvasive analysis of living cell sheet cross sections. OCT showed the internal structure of cell sheets in tomographic images synthesized with backscatter signals from inside the living cell sheet without invasion or damage. OCT observations were used to analyze the static and dynamic behaviors of living cell sheets in vitro and in vivo including (1) the harvesting process of a C2C12 mouse skeletal myoblast sheet from a temperature‐responsive culture surface; (2) cell‐sheet adhesion onto various surfaces including a culture surface, a synthetic rubber glove, and the dorsal subcutaneous tissue of rats; and (3) the real‐time propagation of beating rat cardiac cells within cardiac cell sheets. This study showed that OCT technology is a powerful tool in the field of cell sheet‐based regenerative medicine and tissue engineering. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 103B: 1267–1273, 2015.
Effect of faldaprevir on raltegravir pharmacokinetics in healthy volunteers
Authors: Joseph David , Rose Peter , Strelkowa Natalja , Schultz Armin , Garcia Jeanette , Elgadi Mabrouk , Huang Fenglei
Published: October 2014

Faldaprevir is a potent hepatitis C virus (HCV) NS3/4A protease inhibitor and an inhibitor of UDP‐glucuronosyltransferase‐1A1 (UGT1A1), which is involved in raltegravir clearance. Raltegravir, an HIV integrase inhibitor, may be used in combination with HCV treatment in HCV/HIV co‐infected patients. In this open‐label, 2‐period, fixed‐sequence study, 24 healthy volunteers (12 males) received faldaprevir 240 mg and raltegravir 400 mg in 2 treatment schedules (A and B) separated by a washout phase of ≥7 days: (A) twice‐daily raltegravir (Days 1–3), once‐daily raltegravir (Day 4); (B) twice‐daily raltegravir and twice‐daily faldaprevir (loading dose, Day 1), twice‐daily raltegravir and once‐daily faldaprevir (Days 2–5), once‐daily raltegravir and once‐daily faldaprevir (Day 6). Pharmacokinetics and safety were assessed over 132 hours post‐dosing. Compared with raltegravir alone, co‐administration with faldaprevir led to 2.7‐fold and 2.5‐fold increases in raltegravir geometric mean AUCτ,ss and Cmax,ss, respectively, and a similar increase in raltegravir glucuronide metabolite exposure. No serious adverse events (AEs) were reported and no subject discontinued due to AEs. Faldaprevir and raltegravir co‐administration was well tolerated and resulted in a moderate increase in raltegravir exposure.
Regular Graphs of Odd Degree Are Antimagic
Authors: Cranston Daniel W. , Liang Yu‐Chang , Zhu Xuding
Published: October 2014

An antimagic labeling of a graph G with m edges is a bijection from to such that for all vertices u and v, the sum of labels on edges incident to u differs from that for edges incident to v. Hartsfield and Ringel conjectured that every connected graph other than the single edge K2 has an antimagic labeling. We prove this conjecture for regular graphs of odd degree.
Synthesis of empagliflozin, a novel and selective sodium‐glucose co‐transporter‐2 inhibitor, labeled with carbon‐14 and carbon‐13
Authors: Hrapchak Matt , Latli Bachir , Wang Xiao‐Jun , Lee Heewon , Campbell Scot , Song Jinhua J. , Senanayake Chris H.
Published: October 2014

Empagliflozin, (2S,3R,4R,5S,6R)‐2‐[4‐chloro‐3‐[[4‐[(3S)‐oxolan‐3‐yl]oxyphenyl]methyl]phenyl]‐6‐(hydroxymethyl)oxane‐3,4,5‐triol was recently approved by the FDA for the treatment of chronic type 2 diabetes mellitus. Herein, we report the synthesis of carbon‐13 and carbon‐14 labeled empagliflozin. Carbon‐13 labeled empagliflozin was prepared in five steps and in 34% overall chemical yield starting from the commercially available α‐D‐glucose‐[13C6]. For the radiosynthesis, the carbon‐14 atom was introduced in three different positions of the molecule. In the first synthesis, Carbon‐14 D‐(+)‐gluconic acid δ‐lactone was used to prepare specifically labeled empagliflozin in carbon‐1 of the sugar moiety in four steps and in 19% overall radiochemical yield. Carbon‐14 labeled empagliflozin with the radioactive atom in the benzylic position was obtained in eight steps and in 7% overall radiochemical yield. In the last synthesis carbon‐14 uniformly labeled phenol was used to give [14C]empagliflozin in eight steps and in 18% overall radiochemical yield. In all these radiosyntheses, the specific activities of the final compounds were higher than 53 mCi/mmol, and the radiochemical purities were above 98.5%.
Chonopeltis australis (Crustacea) male reproductive system morphology; Sperm transfer and review of reproduction in Branchiura
Authors: Neethling Lourelle Alicia Martins , Avenant‐Oldewage Annemariè
Published: October 2014

The morphology of the male reproductive system as well as sperm transfer in Branchiura has been described for Dolops ranarum and Argulus japonicus. In this study, the reproductive system and accessory structures are described for male Chonopeltis australis using histology, light microscopy, and scanning electron microscopy. For the first time, we describe sperm transfer by means of a spermatophore in this genus. The internal and external morphology and mechanism of sperm transfer is compared with other Branchiura, where it has been described. The morphology of the reproductive system of C. australis is similar to that of D. ranarum while the accessory structures and the spermatophore produced are similar to that of A. japonicus. A revision of the definition of Branchiura with respect to reproduction is provided. J. Morphol. 276:209–218, 2015. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Green Firm‐Specific Advantages for Enhancing Environmental and Economic Performance
Authors: Singh Nitish , Park Yung‐Hwal , Tolmie Carri R. , Bartikowski Boris
Published: October 2014

One of the most important determinants of a firm's motivation to invest in higher environmental performance is whether such investments will lead to higher economic returns. Although several studies have explored links between environmental and economic performance, strategic insights into which capabilities and resources drive improved environmental and economic performance are lacking. Nine green firm‐specific advantages (Green FSAs) can facilitate the implementation and enhancement of environmental management practices related to planning, organization, operations, and communications. They are ecosystem services internalization Green FSAs, sustainable thinking Green FSAs, cradle‐to‐cradle Green FSAs, eco‐efficiency Green FSAs, eco‐innovation Green FSAs, solution‐oriented Green FSAs, sustainable reputation Green FSAs, eco‐networking Green FSAs, and localized Green FSAs. These Green FSAs have the potential not only to increase environmental performance, but also to enhance efficiency, reduce waste, improve compliance measures, and save additional costs, all of which will ultimately result in higher levels of economic performance. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Automatic standardization method for Raman spectrometers with applications to pharmaceuticals
Authors: Chen Hui , Zhang Zhi‐Min , Miao Li , Zhan De‐Jian , Zheng Yi‐Bao , Liu Yan , Lu Feng , Liang Yi‐Zeng
Published: October 2014

An effective and practical method, based on automatic peak detection, Lorentzian fitting, and polynomial fitting, is developed for aligning spectra, which can significantly reduce or eliminate systematic differences between Raman spectrometers. In this work, Lorentzian fitting of the experimental spectra is performed to precisely locate the peak positions. Then the standardization procedure is illustrated on the spectra of a chemical standard measured on primary and secondary instruments, and the spectra can be successfully aligned to each other after shift correction. It is shown that the similarity of pharmaceutical spectra acquired on three Raman spectrometers is then considerably improved after removal of the Raman shift difference. The result shows that the similarity of the spectra between primary and secondary spectrometers increases dramatically from about 0.8 to 0.95 after spectra standardization. This means that the proposed standardization method can effectively reduce or eliminate systematical errors and enhance spectral compatibility across different instruments. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Impact assessment of mechanical harvest on fruit physiology and consequences on oil physicochemical and sensory quality from ‘Manzanilla de Sevilla’ and ‘Manzanilla Cacereña’ super‐high‐density hedgerows. A preliminary study
Authors: Morales‐Sillero Ana , García José M
Published: October 2014

BACKGROUND

Super‐intensive cultivation facilitates olive mechanized harvesting, allowing substantial savings in the production cost of virgin olive oil (VOO). However, the number of varieties adapted to this type of cultivation is small. This study explores the impact that harvesting with a grape straddle harvester of ‘Manzanilla de Sevilla’ and ‘Manzanilla Cacereña’ olives grown in super‐intensive cultivation has on the physiology of the fruit and the quality of the oil subsequently extracted.

RESULTS

For both cultivars, fruits harvested mechanically showed higher respiration and ethylene production and lower firmness than fruits harvested by hand. Their oils exhibited lower phenol contents, lower oxidative stability and lower presence of positive sensory attributes. However, in these oils the values of parameters used to assess the level of quality ofVOOremained within the limits required for the best commercial category.

CONCLUSION

Mechanical harvesting of ‘Manzanilla de Sevilla’ and ‘Manzanilla Cacereña’ super‐high‐density hedgerows induced physiological alterations in the fruits and a reduction in the contents of natural antioxidants and flavour components in the oils, though it did not result in a loss of the ‘Extra’ level of quality. © 2014 Society of Chemical Industry
Effect of white wheat bread and white wheat bread added with bioactive compounds on hypercholesterolemic and steatotic mice fed a high‐fat diet
Authors: Pozzo Luisa , Pucci Laura , Buonamici Guglielmo , Giorgetti Lucia , Maltinti Maristella , Longo Vincenzo
Published: October 2014

BACKGROUND

The effects of white wheat bread and white wheat bread added with a bioactive compound mixture (Cyclanthera pedata, Glycine max, Monascus‐fermented red mold rice, Cynara scolymus and Medicago sativa) were examined on hypercholesterolemic and steatotic mice, divided into four groups: control diet (CTR), high‐fat diet (HFD), high‐fat diet with white wheat bread added with 1.5 g kg−1 of mixture (HFD+AB) and high‐fat diet with white wheat bread (HFD+B).

RESULTS

Total serum cholesterol in the HFD+AB and HFD+B groups and hepatic triglycerides in the HFD+AB group decreased compared with the HFD group. Liver histology confirmed lower lipid drop accumulation in the HFD+AB group than in the HFD and HFD+B groups. HFD+AB caused a 7.0‐fold increase and a 3.5‐fold reduction in CYP7A1 and SREBP‐1c gene expression respectively compared with the HFD group. Moreover, the HFD+B group showed a 2.2‐, 8.4‐ and 1.5‐fold increase in HMG CoA reductase, CYP7A1 and LDLr gene expression respectively compared with the HFD group.

CONCLUSION

Both the white wheat bread and the added white wheat bread induced cholesterol reduction by increasing CYP7A1. Moreover, the added white wheat bread improved steatosis by decreasing SREBP‐1c gene expression. © 2014 Society of Chemical Industry
Carnosic acid attenuates obesity‐induced glucose intolerance and hepatic fat accumulation by modulating genes of lipid metabolism in C57BL/6J‐ob/ob mice
Authors: Park Mi‐Young , Sung Mi‐Kyung
Published: October 2014

BACKGROUND

Carnosic acid (CA), a major bioactive component of rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis) leaves, is known to possess antioxidant and anti‐adipogenic activities. In this study it was hypothesized that CA would ameliorate obesity‐induced glucose intolerence and hepatic fat accumulation, and possible mechanisms are suggested.

RESULTS

It was observed that a 0.02% (w/w) CA diet effectively decreased body weight, liver weight and blood triglyceride (TG) and total cholesterol levels (P < 0.05) compared with the control diet. CA at 0.02% significantly improved glucose tolerance, and hepatic TG accumulation was reduced in a dose‐dependent manner. Hepatic lipogenic‐related gene (L‐FABP, SCD1 and FAS) expression decreased whereas lipolysis‐related gene (CPT1) expression increased in animals fed the 0.02% CA diet (P < 0.05). Long‐chain fatty acid content and the ratio of C18:1/C18:0 fatty acids were decreased in adipose tissue of animals fed the 0.02% CA diet (P < 0.05). Serum inflammatory mediators were also decreased significantly in animals fed the 0.02% CA diet compared with those of the obese control group (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSION

These results suggest that CA is an effective anti‐obesity agent that regulates fatty acid metabolism in C57BL/6J‐ob/ob mice. © 2014 Society of Chemical Industry
Can Benefits in Recreational Parks in Malaysia Be Transferred? A Choice Experiment (CE) Technique
Authors: Hasan‐Basri Bakti , Abd Karim Mohd Zaini
Published: October 2014

This paper analyses benefit transfer in the case of recreational parks using the choice experiment (CE) technique. The CE was employed because it allows different changes in recreational park attributes to be taken into account. The analyses were performed in terms of transferability of valuation function and willingness to pay (WTP) values. The results for the valuation function suggest that the estimated coefficients between the two sites are not transferable. However, the estimated WTP values can be transferred. The results suggest the suitability of using the CE approach in analysing benefit transfer if the objective is to transfer the WTP values rather than the valuation function. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Split‐calvarial osteopericranial flap for reconstruction following endoscopic anterior resection of cranial base
Authors: Engle Robert D. , Butrymowicz Anna , Peris‐Celda Maria , Kenning Tyler J. , Pinheiro‐Neto Carlos D.
Published: October 2014

Objectives/Hypothesis

To conceive and critically evaluate an adaptation of the split calvarial osteopericranial flap for reconstruction following endoscopic endonasal resection of the anterior skull base.

Study Design

Cadaveric anatomic study.

Methods

Five cadavers were embalmed with methanol, and vasculature was injected with latex. Endoscopic endonasal resection of the anterior skull base was performed, followed by reconstruction with a unilateral osteopericranial flap and a contralateral conventional pericranial flap.

Results

Rigid reconstruction was achieved in all specimens. Osteoplastic flap harvest was made more reliable by drilling the diploe below the graft with a curved bur. Dimensions of the bony flap were ideally shorter and wider than the defect, allowing for flap inset and rigid support by the orbits without compromise of the flap vascular supply. Endoscopic inset of the flap is feasible via nasion‐frontal osteotomy and inlay technique.

Conclusion

Rigid anterior skull base reconstruction via split calvarial osteopericranial flap is adaptable to current endoscopic techniques. This provides more anatomic reconstruction than current methods and may lead to decreased complication rates following anterior skull base resection.

Level of Evidence

N/A. Laryngoscope, 125:826–830, 2015
Effect of Solvent Type on High‐Temperature Thermal Gradient Interaction Chromatography of Polyethylene and Ethylene–1‐Octene Copolymers
Authors: Alghyamah Abdulaziz , Soares João B. P.
Published: October 2014

The effects of the solvent type and operation conditions on the high‐temperature thermal gradient interaction chromatography (HT‐TGIC) of ethylene homopolymers, ethylene–1‐octene copolymers, and their blends are investigated. While the HT‐TGIC profiles of single polymers measured with 1,2,4‐trichlorobenzene (TCB) and chloronaphthalene (CN) are similar, they are always narrower when o‐dichlorobenzene (ODCB) is used, particularly for samples with lower 1‐octene fractions. Significant differences between the experimental and the calculated profiles of binary blends are observed with all three solvents, but better peak separation is seen when the ODCB is used. Having higher fractions of a 1‐octene‐poor component in the blend causes a more significant distortion of the shape expected for the peak from the component with the higher 1‐octene fraction. The effect of the molecular weight on HT‐TGIC profiles is also studied using samples with the same comonomer content and different molecular weights. Samples with low molecular weight have broader distributions and significant lower‐temperature tails, particularly when TCB is used. Chain crystallization after adsorption effects may also play a minor role for low‐comonomer samples. Finally, HT‐TGIC profiles are compared with their equivalent crystallization elution fractionation (CEF) profiles. The HT‐TGIC curves are broader than the equivalent CEF profiles, but these differences decrease as the comonomer content increases.

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Same Service, Different Ad Claims: The Moderating Role of Need for Cognition
Authors: Olsen Lars Erling , Samuelsen Bendik Meling , Gaustad Tarje
Published: October 2014

Advertisers can choose among different ad claims when framing commercial messages about a new service offer. Two alternative ad claims are functional ad claims, focusing on product or service attributes and benefits, and experiential ad claims, focusing on future experiences with the product or service. This article proposes that different ad claims evoke different memory structures (semantic vs. episodic), and that different memory structures require different types of cognitive processing (system 1 vs. system 2). In two experiments using need for cognition as a dispositional trait of level of cognitive processing, this article shows that a new service entrant with experiential ad claims will be less favorably evaluated when consumers engage in more effortful, or system 2, processing, than when consumers engage in less effortful processing (system 1). For functional claims, however, the evaluation of the new service does not differ between the two types of cognitive processing (system 1 vs. system 2).
The Effects of Superstition on Choice and Latency
Authors: Ang Swee Hoon , Lai Wai Kit , Leong Siew Meng
Published: October 2014

This study investigates the effects of superstition characteristics on choice and latency. Three dimensions of superstition are investigated—valence, accessibility, and relevance. Exposure to negative, accessible, or relevant superstition resulted in faster choices made. Superstitions that were negative or relevant led to choices favoring the auspicious product than superstitions that were positive or irrelevant. The auspicious product was also more likely to be chosen if it were associated with a superstition that was more accessible than less accessible. Findings also suggested that when superstition was relevant, the effects of a negative superstition were amplified than when superstition was irrelevant. Relevancy had less effect on positive superstition.
Brand Identification by Product Design: The Impact of Evaluation Mode and Familiarity
Authors: Herm Steffen , Möller Jana
Published: October 2014

Distinctive product design is a cornerstone of sustainable branding. Ideally, consumers will be able to identify brands by product design without seeing any logos. Once companies have established strong associations between product designs and brands in consumers’ minds, they seek protection against imitation as well as consistency in product lines. This research discusses methods for measuring consumers’ abilities to identify brands by product design. Study 1 shows that brand identification depends on the evaluation mode that the identification task evokes. Compared to a task that presents products side by side (comparative mode), participants are more likely to confuse copycats with an original design when they see only one product (noncomparative mode). Study 2 replicates findings of Study 1, demonstrating some robustness of effects across three countries (United States, Spain, Germany) and across three different product categories (beer, smartphones, cars). Study 2 further investigates how familiarity with the product influences brand identification. Although consumers with high (compared to low) familiarity are more likely to accurately identify an original product in a noncomparative evaluation mode, they are also more likely to confuse a copycat with the original product in this mode. Overall, this research extends knowledge about brand identification by product design and provides information brand managers may need for legal decisions in trademark or design patent cases. This research also provides information for brand managers making decisions regarding new product development, for example, product line extensions.
The Impact of Service Scripts on Customer Citizenship Behavior and the Moderating Role of Employee Customer Orientation
Authors: Nguyen Helena , Groth Markus , Walsh Gianfranco , Hennig‐Thurau Thorsten
Published: October 2014

Service scripts are behavioral and verbal prescriptions used in many organizations as a way of standardizing employees’ behaviors during their interactions with customers. Yet, they have rarely been studied empirically. There are mixed suggestions in the literature about the beneficial vs. detrimental effects of service scripts. Based on social exchange and citizenship behavior theories, this study investigates whether the relationship between service scripts and an important customer outcome, customer citizenship behavior (CCB), depends on employees’ level of customer orientation. Based on 285 matched dyads of employees and customers from a variety of service organizations, the study found that when service scripts are performed by employees with low customer orientation, service scripts have more detrimental effects on CCB in terms of reducing the propensity among customers to provide unsolicited feedback and their intentions to return to the service firm. There was also support for the mediating role of perceived service quality in accounting for these contingent relationships. These findings contribute to the literature on managing employee behavior and CCB.
Viewing Responsible Consumption as a Personal Project
Authors: Valor Carmen , Carrero Isabel
Published: October 2014

Previous research on “responsible consumption” (RC) has focused on the inconsistencies of responsible consumers and has used the term “gap” to refer to these inconsistencies. Observable difficulties, such as a lack of available responsible products and their higher associated costs, have been given as explanations for this gap. A much more complex explanation emerges when RC is seen holistically, a long‐term perspective is adopted, when consumers are studied in their daily life, and consumption is seen as a social activity. The argument developed in this paper draws fundamentally on psychology, in particular on the literature on personal projects. By using an inductive methodology (grounded theory), a case is made for treating responsible consumption as one of many personal projects that an individual may undertake. Since consumers have a project network and projects are not always aligned with one another, there is frequently a clash between projects. This clash can be interpersonal (with other projects of the same individual) or intrapersonal (with the projects, beliefs, norms of his/her significant others). The main contribution of this paper is that it puts forward a holistic, dynamic, and socially embedded view of RC which leads to questioning the notion of “gap.”
“My Avatar and Her Beloved Possession”: Characteristics of Attachment to Virtual Objects
Authors: Nagy Peter , Koles Bernadett
Published: October 2014

Given the increasing emphasis on online consumption in our digital era, the current study aimed to explore the avatar–self relationship in association with the concept of product attachment. Through constructing their own avatars and selecting certain virtual possessions for them, participants in the sample were able to represent different elements of their identities to be manifested in their embodied virtual presence. Certain attributes and emotions characterizing both the real as well as the virtual existence of participants appeared to exert important influences. Additional gender differences emerged, in that males were more likely to represent their possible and hidden self‐aspects, and focus on the functional meaning of virtual products, while females were more likely to reveal their ideal selves, and attach symbolic meaning to their virtual possessions. For female participants, the role of experimentation emerged as an important construct, with their avatars often reflecting upon their ambivalence toward perceived social norms and societal expectations. Implications for scholars and practitioners are discussed.