bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Redefining Sustainability: From Self-Determination to Environmental Autonomy
Authors: Droz Laÿna
Published: July 2019

“Sustainability” is widely used by diverse organizations as the normative direction to coordinate common actions. But what should we sustain or maintain? Through philosophical reasoning and a literature review in environmental ethics, this paper explores this question and develops a working definition of “sustainability” that intends to be compatible with the global diversity of worldviews. I argue that sustainability is the maintenance of the conditions of possibility of continuation of (1) self-determining flourishing human existences. It entails (2) maintaining the natural processes of the global environment autonomous to limit the possible harmful consequences of the conflicts of distribution and domination, and (3) cultivating meaningful, diverse, and adaptable nurturing milieus. This definition encompasses the three intricate ideas of self-determination, autonomy of the global environment, and diversity. Self-determination as well as the preservation of the autonomy of global environmental processes are crucial elements to prevent the unescapable domination of some powerful groups and worldviews over others. Diversity is also a key piece of the sustainability puzzle as it provides ranges of options that make self-determination possible. This paper proposes an inclusive and flexible working definition of sustainability that is mindful of the global diversity of worldviews.
Multi-Distance Frequency-Domain Optical Measurements of Coherent Cerebral Hemodynamics
Authors: Blaney Giles , Sassaroli Angelo , Pham Thao , Krishnamurthy Nishanth , Fantini Sergio
Published: July 2019

We report non-invasive, bilateral optical measurements on the forehead of five healthy human subjects, of 0.1 Hz oscillatory hemodynamics elicited either by cyclic inflation of pneumatic thigh cuffs, or by paced breathing. Optical intensity and the phase of photon-density waves were collected with frequency-domain near-infrared spectroscopy at seven source-detector distances (11–40 mm). Coherent hemodynamic oscillations are represented by phasors of oxyhemoglobin (O) and deoxyhemoglobin (D) concentrations, and by the vector D/O that represents the amplitude ratio and phase difference of D and O. We found that, on an average, the amplitude ratio (|D/O|) and the phase difference (∠(D/O)) obtained with single-distance intensity at 11–40 mm increase from 0.1° and −330° to 0.2° and −200°, respectively. Single-distance phase and the intensity slope featured a weaker dependence on source-detector separation, and yielded |D/O| and ∠(D/O) values of about 0.5 and −200°, respectively, at distances greater than 20 mm. The key findings are: (1) Single-distance phase and intensity slope are sensitive to deeper tissue compared to single-distance intensity; (2) deeper tissue hemodynamic oscillations, which more closely represent the brain, feature D and O phasors that are consistent with a greater relative flow-to-volume contributions in brain tissue compared to extracerebral, superficial tissue.
Different Roles of Heat Shock Proteins (70 kDa) During Abiotic Stresses in Barley (Hordeum vulgare) Genotypes
Authors: Landi Simone , Capasso Giorgia , Ben Azaiez Fatma Ezzahra , Jallouli Salma , Ayadi Sawsen , Trifa Youssef , Esposito Sergio
Published: July 2019

In this work, the involvement of heat shock proteins (HSP70) in barley (Hordeum vulgare) has been studied in response to drought and salinity. Thus, 3 barley genotypes usually cultivated and/or selected in Italy, 3 Middle East/North Africa landraces and genotypes and 1 improved genotype from ICARDA have been studied to identify those varieties showing the best stress response. Preliminarily, a bioinformatic characterization of the HSP70s protein family in barley has been made by using annotated Arabidopsis protein sequences. This study identified 20 putative HSP70s orthologs in the barley genome. The construction of un-rooted phylogenetic trees showed the partition into four main branches, and multiple subcellular localizations. The enhanced HSP70s presence upon salt and drought stress was investigated by both immunoblotting and expression analyses. It is worth noting the Northern Africa landraces showed peculiar tolerance behavior versus drought and salt stresses. The drought and salinity conditions indicated the involvement of specific HSP70s to counteract abiotic stress. Particularly, the expression of cytosolic MLOC_67581, mitochondrial MLOC_50972, and encoding for HSP70 isoforms showed different expressions and occurrence upon stress. Therefore, genotypes originated in the semi-arid area of the Mediterranean area can represent an important genetic source for the improvement of commonly cultivated high-yielding varieties.
Grain Rotation in Plastic Deformation
Authors: Chen Bin , Zhu Linli , Xin Yunchang , Lei Jialin
Published: July 2019

The plastic deformation behaviors of crystalline materials are usually determined by lattice dislocations. Below a certain particle or grain size, focus is placed on the grain-boundary-mediated mechanisms (e.g., grain rotation, grain boundary sliding, and diffusion), which has been observed during recrystallization, grain growth, and plastic deformation. However, the underlying mechanisms of grain rotation remain to be studied. In this article, we review the theoretical models, molecular dynamics simulations, and experimental investigations on grain rotation. The development of in situ transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and X-ray characterization methods for probing grain boundary processes during plastic deformation provides a better understanding of the mechanisms of grain rotation. Especially, the ability to acquire high-quality X-ray diffraction patterns from individual nanograins is expected to find broad applications in various fields such as physics, chemistry, materials science, and nanoscience.
Beyond Gender: Reflections on a Contemporary Case of Double Monastery in Orthodox Monasticism—St. John the Baptist Monastery of Essex in England
Authors: Giorda Maria Chiara , Cozma Ioan
Published: July 2019

This paper focuses on the contemporary controversy in the Orthodox Church regarding the non-existence of the monasteries, where monks and nuns cohabit (so-called “double-monasteries”), which were prohibited by the Byzantine legislation and the Seventh Ecumenical Council (Nicea 787). The article attempts to demonstrate that, in spite of the centuries-old prohibition, the Orthodox Monastery of St. John the Baptist is an exceptional contemporary case of such cohabitation: monks and nuns live under the roof of the same monastery, sharing common places and certain activities. Furthermore, the paper envisions a possible accommodation in the monastic vision and practice regarding gender cohabitation in Orthodox monasticism. The research employs the historical-critical method, which is based on literary, archeological, and documentary sources, as well as interviews.
Characterizing the Urban Mine—Challenges of Simplified Chemical Analysis of Anthropogenic Mineral Residues
Authors: Mählitz Paul Martin , Løvik Amund N. , Figi Renato , Schreiner Claudia , Kuntz Claudia , Korf Nathalie , Rösslein Matthias , Wäger Patrick , Rotter Vera Susanne
Published: July 2019

Anthropogenic mineral residues are characterized by their material complexity and heterogeneity, which pose challenges to the chemical analysis of multiple elements. However, creating an urban mine knowledge database requires data using affordable and simple chemical analysis methods, providing accurate and valid results. In this study, we assess the applicability of simplified multi-element chemical analysis methods for two anthropogenic mineral waste matrices: (1) lithium-ion battery ash that was obtained from thermal pre-treatment and (2) rare earth elements (REE)-bearing iron-apatite ore from a Swedish tailing dam. For both samples, simplified methods comprising ‘in-house’ wet-chemical analysis and energy-dispersive X-ray fluorescence (ED-XRF) spectrometry were compared to the results of the developed matrix-specific validated methods. Simplified wet-chemical analyses showed significant differences when compared to the validated method, despite proven internal quality assurance, such as verification of sample homogeneity, precision, and accuracy. Matrix-specific problems, such as incomplete digestion and overlapping spectra due to similar spectral lines (ICP-OES) or element masses (ICP-MS), can result in quadruple overestimations or underestimation by half when compared to the reference value. ED-XRF analysis proved to be applicable as semi-quantitative analysis for elements with mass fractions higher than 1000 ppm and an atomic number between Z 12 and Z 50. For elements with low mass fractions, ED-XRF analysis performed poorly and showed deviations of up to 90 times the validated value. Concerning all the results, we conclude that the characterization of anthropogenic mineral residues is prone to matrix-specific interferences, which have to be addressed with additional quality assurance measures.
Combining Color Indices and Textures of UAV-Based Digital Imagery for Rice LAI Estimation
Authors: Li Songyang , Yuan Fei , Ata-UI-Karim Syed Tahir , Zheng Hengbiao , Cheng Tao , Liu Xiaojun , Tian Yongchao , Zhu Yan , Cao Weixing , Cao Qiang
Published: July 2019

Leaf area index (LAI) is a fundamental indicator of plant growth status in agronomic and environmental studies. Due to rapid advances in unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) and sensor technologies, UAV-based remote sensing is emerging as a promising solution for monitoring crop LAI with great flexibility and applicability. This study aimed to determine the feasibility of combining color and texture information derived from UAV-based digital images for estimating LAI of rice (Oryza sativa L.). Rice field trials were conducted at two sites using different nitrogen application rates, varieties, and transplanting methods during 2016 to 2017. Digital images were collected using a consumer-grade UAV after sampling at key growth stages of tillering, stem elongation, panicle initiation and booting. Vegetation color indices (CIs) and grey level co-occurrence matrix-based textures were extracted from mosaicked UAV ortho-images for each plot. As a solution of using indices composed by two different textures, normalized difference texture indices (NDTIs) were calculated by two randomly selected textures. The relationships between rice LAIs and each calculated index were then compared using simple linear regression. Multivariate regression models with different input sets were further used to test the potential of combining CIs with various textures for rice LAI estimation. The results revealed that the visible atmospherically resistant index (VARI) based on three visible bands and the NDTI based on the mean textures derived from the red and green bands were the best for LAI retrieval in the CI and NDTI groups, respectively. Independent accuracy assessment showed that random forest (RF) exhibited the best predictive performance when combining CI and texture inputs (R2 = 0.84, RMSE = 0.87, MAE = 0.69). This study introduces a promising solution of combining color indices and textures from UAV-based digital imagery for rice LAI estimation. Future studies are needed on finding the best operation mode, suitable ground resolution, and optimal predictive methods for practical applications.
Computer Methods for Automatic Locomotion and Gesture Tracking in Mice and Small Animals for Neuroscience Applications: A Survey
Authors: Abbas Waseem , Masip Rodo David
Published: July 2019

Neuroscience has traditionally relied on manually observing laboratory animals in controlled environments. Researchers usually record animals behaving freely or in a restrained manner and then annotate the data manually. The manual annotation is not desirable for three reasons; (i) it is time-consuming, (ii) it is prone to human errors, and (iii) no two human annotators will 100% agree on annotation, therefore, it is not reproducible. Consequently, automated annotation for such data has gained traction because it is efficient and replicable. Usually, the automatic annotation of neuroscience data relies on computer vision and machine learning techniques. In this article, we have covered most of the approaches taken by researchers for locomotion and gesture tracking of specific laboratory animals, i.e. rodents. We have divided these papers into categories based upon the hardware they use and the software approach they take. We have also summarized their strengths and weaknesses.
Big Data in Education. A Bibliometric Review
Authors: Marín-Marín José-Antonio , López-Belmonte Jesús , Fernández-Campoy Juan-Miguel , Romero-Rodríguez José-María
Published: July 2019

The handling of a large amount of data to analyze certain behaviors is reaching a great popularity in the decade 2010–2020. This phenomenon has been called Big Data. In the field of education, the analysis of this large amount of data, generated to a greater extent by students, has begun to be introduced in order to improve the teaching–learning process. In this paper, it was proposed as an objective to analyze the scientific production on Big Data in education in the databases Web of Science (WOS), Scopus, ERIC, and PsycINFO. A bibliometric study was carried out on a sample of 1491 scientific documents. Among the results, the increase in publications in 2017 and the configuration of certain journals, countries and authors as references in the subject matter stand out. Finally, potential explanations for the study findings and suggestions for future research are discussed.
Moving with Touch: Entanglements of a Child, Valentine’s Day Cards, and Research–Activism against Sexual Harassment in Pre-Teen Peer Cultures
Authors: Pihkala Suvi , Huuki Tuija , Sunnari Vappu
Published: July 2019

In this paper, we respond to feminist new materialist scholars’ calls to explore what research in the field of gendered and sexual violence can be, do, and become. This paper explores the microprocesses of change within the more-than-human child–card entanglements as part of our research–activist campaign addressing sexual harassment in pre-teen peer cultures. Drawing on one of our creative workshops, we generate three analytical readings that map touch. We focus, first, on the intra-action of bodies, objects, and abstractions that reconfigures painful experiences of harassment for recognition; second, on the affective charge in moments and movements of response and resistance; and third, on what else touch can become when it travels across time–space domains as part of our research–activism. Re-engaging with our research–activism, we propose that different kinds of touch converge into a sensing-feeling, inherently ethico-political, matter-realizing apparatus that reconfigures painful experiences of gendered and sexual harassment for recognition, response, and resistance. Connecting to feminist new materialist endeavors to envision and enact response-able research, we propose that ‘moving with touch’ helps us shed light on the microprocesses of change in generative ways—that is, in ways that recraft response-abilities and invite movement.
Can Industrial Co-Agglomeration between Producer Services and Manufacturing Reduce Carbon Intensity in China?
Authors: Li Tuochen , Han Dongri , Feng Shaosong , Liang Lei
Published: July 2019

Climate change poses unprecedented challenges for humanity. Reducing carbon intensity is an inevitable choice for tackling climate change and promoting sustainable development. China has made some emission reduction commitments in the international community to promote the decoupling of China’s economic development from carbon emissions. The realization of the industrial structure from the “single-wheel drive” of the manufacturing to the “two-wheel drive” economic development model of the service industry and the manufacturing has become a key measure to achieve China’s economic intensive development. According to resource misallocation situation in different regions, this paper explored the impact of the collaborative agglomeration between producer services and manufacturing (hereinafter referred to as industrial co-agglomeration) on carbon intensity. The research results show that the carbon intensity is decreasing year by year, and the degree of intensification of China’s economic growth continues to increase. Moreover, the effect of industrial co-agglomeration to promote carbon emission reduction is significantly limited by the degree of misallocated resources, and there is a double threshold effect. Specifically, in areas where resource allocation is reasonable, industrial co-agglomeration can produce significant agglomeration effects and promote carbon intensity reduction. Once the degree of misallocated resources exceeds a threshold level, the agglomeration effect will turn into a crowding effect, resulting in an inability to reduce carbon intensity. We comprehensively analyzed the driving factors for reducing carbon intensity and proposed policy pathways for achieving China’s carbon intensity target.
Feedback from Remanufacturing: Its Unexploited Potential to Improve Future Product Design
Authors: Lindkvist Haziri Louise , Sundin Erik , Sakao Tomohiko
Published: July 2019

Company interest and research in the circular economy and remanufacturing have increased as a means of reducing negative environmental impacts. Remanufacturing is an industrial process whereby used products are returned to a state of like-new. However, few products are designed for remanufacturing, and further research and industrial efforts are needed to facilitate more widespread use of design for remanufacturing. One crucial factor facilitating design for remanufacturing is the integration of feedback in the product design process. Thus, the objective of this paper is to analyse feedback flows from remanufacturing to product design. Hence, a literature study and multiple case studies were conducted at three companies that design, manufacture and remanufacture different kinds of products. The cross-case analysis revealed the five barriers of the lack of internal awareness, lack of knowledge, lack of incentives, lack of feedback channels and non-supportive organisational structures, and the five enablers of business opportunities, integrated design processes, customers’ demand, laws, regulations and standards, and new technologies. To establish improved feedback from remanufacturing to product design, the barriers need to be addressed and the enablers explored. Thus, improved feedback from remanufacturing to product design will improve the design of future products suited for a more circular economy.
Sustainability Matters: Consumer Acceptance of Different Vertical Farming Systems
Authors: Jürkenbeck Kristin , Heumann Andreas , Spiller Achim
Published: July 2019

Fresh produce within vertical farming systems grows vertically in different layers stacked atop each other, thus allowing for the efficient use of space. As the environment in vertical farming systems is completely controlled, neither sunlight nor soil is necessary. On the one hand, vertical farming may help to provide a healthy diet for the growing global population because it has a greater crop yield per square meter used than conventional farming; moreover, it can offer the opportunity to grow food in climatically disadvantaged areas. On the other hand, growth conditions may be perceived as unnatural and the entire vertical farming system as unsustainable. Therefore, understanding the consumers’ acceptance of vertical farming systems is important. This study is the first work to provide insights into consumers’ acceptance of three different vertical farming systems. Data are collected through an online survey of 482 consumers in Germany in February 2018. Drivers of consumer acceptance of vertical farming systems are identified through structural equation modelling. The results indicate that perceived sustainability is the major driver of consumer acceptance of vertical farming systems. The larger the system, the higher the likelihood that it will be considered as sustainable. Obviously, consumers perceive something like ecologies of scale.
Gliotoxin Aggravates Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis by Triggering Neuroinflammation
Authors: Fraga-Silva Thais Fernanda de Campos , Mimura Luiza Ayumi Nishiyama , Leite Laysla de Campos Toledo , Borim Patrícia Aparecida , Ishikawa Larissa Lumi Watanabe , Venturini James , Arruda Maria Sueli Parreira de , Sartori Alexandrina
Published: July 2019

Gliotoxin (GTX) is the major and the most potent mycotoxin that is secreted by Aspergillus fumigatus, which is capable of injuring and killing microglial cells, astrocytes, and oligodendrocytes. During the last years, studies with patients and experimental models of multiple sclerosis (MS), which is an autoimmune disease of the central nervous system (CNS), suggested that fungal infections are among the possible initiators or aggravators of this pathology. The deleterious effect can occur through a direct interaction of the fungus with the CNS or by the toxin release from a non-neurological site. In the present work, we investigated the effect of GTX on experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) development. Female C57BL/6 mice were immunized with myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein and then intraperitoneally injected with three doses of GTX (1 mg/kg b.w., each) on days 4, 7, and 10. GTX aggravated clinical symptoms of the disease in a dose-dependent way and this outcome was concomitant with an increased neuroinflammation. CNS analyses revealed that GTX locally increased the relative expression of inflammatory genes and the cytokine production. Our results indicate that GTX administered in a non-neuronal site was able to increase neuroinflammation in EAE. Other mycotoxins could also be deleterious to many neurological diseases by similar mechanisms.
Modelling the Influence of Regional Identity on Human Migration
Authors: Vermeulen Willem R. J. , Roy Debraj , Quax Rick
Published: July 2019

Human migration involves the relocation of individuals, households or moving groups between geographical locations. Aggregate spatial patterns of movement reflect complex interactions among motivations (such as distance, identity, economic opportunities, etc.) that influence migration behaviour and determine destination choice. Gravity models and radiation models are often used to study different types of migration at various spatial scales. In this paper, we propose that human migration models can be improved by embedding regional identities into the model. We modify the existing human migration gravity model by adding an identity parameter based on three different sets of Dutch identity regions. Through analysis of the Dutch internal migration data between 1996 and 2016, we show that adding the identity parameter has a significant effect on the distance distribution. We find that individuals are more likely to move towards municipalities located within the same identity region. We test the impact of regional identity by comparing randomly spatially clustered and optimised identity regions to show that the effects we attribute to regional identity could not be attributed due to chance. Finally, our finding shows that cultural identity should be taken into account and has broad implications on the practice of modelling human migration patterns at large. We find that people living in Dutch municipalities are 3.89 times as likely to move to a municipality when it is located within the same historic identity region. Including these identity regions in the migration model decreases the deviation of the model by 10.7%.
The Cultural Legacy of a Major Event: A Case Study of the 2008 European Capital of Culture, Liverpool
Authors: Liu Yi-De
Published: July 2019

Cultural legacy is a relatively neglected theme in event and sustainability studies, compared to economic or physical legacies with solid evidence. This article focuses on the experience of Liverpool as the 2008 European Capital of Culture. An evaluation ten years on can provide the basis for research on the long-term cultural legacy of a major event, as well as how to achieve sustainability through legacy planning. Five dimensions of cultural legacy are explored, including: Cultural agency and strategies, cultural network, cultural provision, cultural engagement, and cultural image. The results of the study show that the spill-over effect of culture can be achieved through thorough legacy planning. The most important lesson learned from Liverpool is to integrate the event into the city’s long-term and culture-led development, which yields a healthy and productive cultural climate.
Bio-Insecticidal Potential of Nucleopolyhedrovirus and Granulovirus Mixtures to Control the Fall Armyworm Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith, 1797) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)
Authors: Cuartas-Otálora Paola E. , Gómez-Valderrama Juliana A. , Ramos Andrea E. , Barrera-Cubillos Gloria P. , Villamizar-Rivero Laura F.
Published: July 2019

The ability of the isolate VG008 of S. frugiperda granulovirus (SpfrGV) to enhance the infectivity of the isolate SfCOL of S. frugiperda multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus (SpfrMNPV) was evaluated on S. frugiperda larvae. Bioassays were performed with mixtures by using different proportions 90%:10% (M1), 95%:5% (M2) and 97.5%:2.5% (M3) of SfCOL:VG008, respectively. All mixtures showed higher insecticidal activity that SfCOL. The mixture M3 showed the highest enhancement of SfCOL reducing 11.40 times the Mean Lethal Concentration and 96 h in the Mean Time to Death. The enhancer activity of proteins derived from VG008 (GVPs) were also evaluated in mixture with SfCOL. The GVPs increased 27% larval mortality caused by SfCOL and damaged the peritrophic membrane of S. litura larvae, suggesting that the key point in this enhancing activity is the initial step of the larva colonization, the midgut infection. M3 was formulated and evaluated under greenhouse conditions in maize plants using different doses. The highest efficacy was obtained with the highest dose of M3 (8 × 1011 OBs/ha), which was similar to that found when formulated SfCOL was applied using an approximately twofold higher dose. The viral mixture M3 was selected as the active ingredient for developing a new biopesticide for a more efficient management of the pest in the field.
Caucasian Ethnicity, but Not Treatment Cessation Is Associated with HBsAg Loss Following Nucleos(t)ide Analogue-Induced HBeAg Seroconversion
Authors: Van Hees Stijn , Chi Heng , Hansen Bettina , Bourgeois Stefan , Van Vlierberghe Hans , Sersté Thomas , Francque Sven , Wong David , Sprengers Dirk , Moreno Christophe , Nevens Frederik , Janssen Harry , Vanwolleghem Thomas
Published: July 2019

It is well appreciated that ethnicity influences the natural history and immune responses during a chronic hepatitis B infection. In this study, we explore the effect of ethnicity and treatment cessation on Hepatitis B surface Antigen (HBsAg) seroclearance in patients with Nucleos(t)ide Analogue (NA)-induced Hepatitis B e Antigen (HBeAg) seroconversion. We performed a multi-ethnic, multicentric observational cohort study. The analyzed cohort consisted of 178 mono-infected, predominantly male (75.3%) chronic hepatitis B patients of mixed ethnicity (44.4% Asians, 48.9% Caucasians) with nucleos(t)ide analogue-induced HBeAg seroconversion. Treatment was withdrawn in 105 patients and continued in 73, leading to HBsAg loss in 14 patients off- and 16 patients on-treatment, respectively. Overall, HBsAg loss rates were not affected by treatment cessation (hazard ratio 1.45, p = 0.372), regardless of consolidation treatment duration. Caucasian ethnicity was associated with an increased chance of HBsAg loss (hazard ratio 6.70, p = 0.001), but hepatitis B virus genotype was not (p = 0.812). In conclusion, ethnicity is the most important determinant for HBsAg loss after NA-induced HBeAg seroconversion, with up to six-fold higher HBsAg loss rates in Caucasians compared to Asians, irrespective of treatment cessation and consolidation treatment duration.
Impact of HIV-1 Diversity on Its Sensitivity to Neutralization
Authors: Stefic Karl , Bouvin-Pley Mélanie , Braibant Martine , Barin Francis
Published: July 2019

The HIV-1 pandemic remains a major burden on global public health and a vaccine to prevent HIV-1 infection is highly desirable but has not yet been developed. Among the many roadblocks to achieve this goal, the high antigenic diversity of the HIV-1 envelope protein (Env) is one of the most important and challenging to overcome. The recent development of broadly neutralizing antibodies has considerably improved our knowledge on Env structure and its interplay with neutralizing antibodies. This review aims at highlighting how the genetic diversity of HIV-1 thwarts current, and possibly future, vaccine developments. We will focus on the impact of HIV-1 Env diversification on the sensitivity to neutralizing antibodies and the repercussions of this continuous process at a population level.
Vortex Evolution within Propeller Induced Scour Hole around a Vertical Quay Wall
Authors: Wei Maoxing , Cheng Nian-Sheng , Chiew Yee-Meng , Yang Fengguang
Published: July 2019

This paper presents an experimental study on the characteristics of the propeller-induced flow field and its associated scour hole around a closed type quay (with a vertical quay wall). An “oblique particle image velocimetry” (OPIV) technique, which allows a concurrent measurement of the velocity field and scour profile, was employed in measuring the streamwise flow field (jet central plane) and the longitudinal centerline scour profile. The asymptotic scour profiles obtained in this study were compared with that induced by an unconfined propeller jet in the absence of any berthing structure, which demonstrates the critical role of the presence of the quay wall as an obstacle in shaping the scour profile under the condition of different wall clearances (i.e., longitudinal distance between propeller and wall). Moreover, by comparing the vortical structure within the asymptotic scour hole around the vertical quay wall with its counterpart in the case of an open quay (with a slope quay wall), the paper examines the effect of quay types on the formation of the vortex system and how it determines the geometrical characteristic of the final scour profile. Furthermore, the temporal development of the mean vorticity field and the vortex system are discussed in terms of their implications on the evolution of the scour hole. In particular, comparison of the circulation development of the observed vortices allows a better understanding of the vortex scouring mechanism. Energy spectra analysis reveals that at the vortex centers, their energy spectra distributions consistently follow the −5/3 law throughout the entire scouring process. As the scour process evolves, the turbulent energy associated with the near-bed vortex, which is responsible for scouring, is gradually reduced, especially for the small-scale eddies, indicating a contribution of the dissipated turbulent energy in excavating the scour hole. Finally, a comparison of the near-bed flow characteristics of the average kinetic energy (AKE), turbulent kinetic energy (TKE), and Reynolds shear stress (RSS) are also discussed in terms of their implications for the scour hole development.
Random Forest Ability in Regionalizing Hourly Hydrological Model Parameters
Authors: Saadi Mohamed , Oudin Ludovic , Ribstein Pierre
Published: July 2019

This study investigated the potential of random forest (RF) algorithms for regionalizing the parameters of an hourly hydrological model. The relationships between model parameters and climate/landscape catchment descriptors were multidimensional and exhibited nonlinear features. In this case, machine-learning tools offered the option of efficiently handling such relationships using a large sample of data. The performance of the regionalized model using RF was assessed in comparison with local calibration and two benchmark regionalization approaches. Two catchment sets were considered: (1) A target pseudo-ungauged catchment set was composed of 120 urban ungauged catchments and (2) 2105 gauged American and French catchments were used for constructing the RF. By using pseudo-ungauged urban catchments, we aimed at assessing the potential of the RF to detect the specificities of the urban catchments. Results showed that RF-regionalized models allowed for slightly better streamflow simulations on ungauged sites compared with benchmark regionalization approaches. Yet, constructed RFs were weakly sensitive to the urbanization features of the catchments, which prevents their use in straightforward scenarios of the hydrological impacts of urbanization.
Hydrological Modelling and Evaluation of Detention Ponds to Improve Urban Drainage System and Water Quality
Authors: Pereira Souza Fernanda , Leite Costa Maria Elisa , Koide Sergio
Published: July 2019

Paranoá Lake is an urban lake and it is being used as a source for urban water supply since last year. Until 1990, algal blooms occurred and improvements on wastewater treatment plants carried out improved the water quality very rapidly due to phosphorus load reduction. Recently, water quality is deteriorating, which is probably due to diffuse pollution. In Brazil, we adopt separated pipe networks for sewage and stormwaters, although cross flows occur. The evaluation of urban drainage stormwaters entering the lake and proposition of technical alternatives is crucial in minimizing the impacts on lake water quality. Quantitative and qualitative behavior of urban stormwaters were analyzed by means of monitoring the runoff flows and pollutant concentrations. Mathematical modelling while using the Storm Water Management Model—SWMM was carried out, and good correlations were found for flow modelling. However, poor response was achieved for water quality simulations, affecting the simulated pollutant loads entering the lake. The simulation of 13 alternatives for detention ponds location was also evaluated, as well as their influences on flow damping capability. The detention ponds that were tested were placed in line in the drainage mains to study the effects of their location on the removal of pollutants. As expected, the results showed that ponds located near the outfall are more efficient in reducing flow peaks. However, this layout requires construction woks in areas that are more sensitive to environmental and urbanistic problems and with higher land commercial values. Alternatives with smaller volumes in public areas near the center of the catchment area can lead to the peak flow damping required by the existing drainage network to avoid overflows. In conclusion, detention ponds can be a good alternative for improving the stormwater quantity and quality, but also alternatives that promote increased infiltration, should also be considered for compensating the infiltration lost due to urbanization.
Effects of Irrigation Water Salinity on Soil Properties, N2O Emission and Yield of Spring Maize under Mulched Drip Irrigation
Authors: Wei Chenchen , Li Fahu , Yang Peiling , Ren Shumei , Wang Shuaijie , Wang Yu , Xu Ziang , Xu Yao , Wei Rong , Zhang Yanxia
Published: July 2019

Brackish water has been widely used to irrigate crops to compensate for insufficient freshwater water supply for agricultural use. The goal of this research was to determine an efficient brackish water use method to increase irrigation efficiency and reduce N2O emission. To this end, we conducted a field experiment with four salinity levels of irrigation water (1.1, 2.0, 3.5, and 5.0 g·L−1 with drip irrigation) at Hetao Irrigation District (Inner Mongolia, China) in 2017 and 2018. The results show that irrigation with 3.5–5.0 g·L−1 water salinity increased the soil salinity compared with irrigation using 1.1–2.0 g·L−1 water salinity. The soil water content with 5.0 g·L−1 brackish water irrigation was significantly higher than with 1.1–3.5 g·L−1 water salinity due to the effect of salinity on crop water uptake. The overall soil pH increased with the increase in irrigation water salinity. Saturated soil hydraulic conductivity decreased with the increase in irrigation water salinity. These results indicate that brackish water irrigation aggravates the degree of soil salinization and alkalization. The soil N2O cumulative flux resulting from irrigation with 5.0 g·L−1 water salinity was 51.18–82.86% higher than that resulting from 1.1–3.5 g L−1 water salinity in 2017, and was 32.38–44.79% higher than that resulting from 1.1–2.0 g·L−1 in 2018. Irrigation with brackish water reduced maize yield, and the reduction in yield in 2018 was greater than that in 2017, but irrigation with 2.0 g·L−1 brackish water did not significantly reduce maize yield in 2017. These results suggest that reducing the salinity of irrigation water may effectively reduce soil N2O emission, alleviate the degree of soil salinization, and increase crop yield.
Short Term Effects of Salinization on Compound Release from Drained and Restored Coastal Wetlands
Authors: Liu Haojie , Lennartz Bernd
Published: July 2019

Over the past two decades, great efforts have been made to restore coastal wetlands through the removal of dikes, but challenges remain because the effects of flooding with saline water on water quality are unknown. We collected soil samples from two adjacent coastal fen peatlands, one drained and diked, the other open to the sea and rewetted, aiming at assessing the mobility and export of various compounds. Microcosm experiments with constant flow-through conditions were conducted to determine the effluent concentrations of dissolved organic carbon (DOC), ammonium ( NH 4 + ), and phosphate ( PO 4 3 − ) during saline–fresh water cycles. Sodium chloride (NaCl) was used to adjust salinity (saline water, NaCl concentration of 0.12 mol L−1; fresh water, NaCl concentration of 0.008 mol L−1) and served as a tracer. A model analysis of the obtained chloride ( Cl − ) and sodium ( Na + ) breakthrough curves indicated that peat soils have a dual porosity structure. Sodium was retarded in peat soils with a retardation factor of 1.4 ± 0.2 due to adsorption. The leaching tests revealed that water salinity has a large impact on DOC, NH 4 + , and PO 4 3 − release. The concentrations of DOC in the effluent decreased with increasing water salinity because the combination of high ionic strength (NaCl concentration of 0.12 mol L−1) and low pH (3.5 to 4.5) caused a solubility reduction. On the contrary, saline water enhanced NH 4 + release through cation exchange processes. The PO 4 3 − concentrations, however, decreased in the effluent with increasing water salinity. Overall, the decommissioning of dikes at coastal wetlands and the flooding of once drained and agriculturally used sites increase the risk that especially nitrogen may be leached at higher rates to the sea.
The Relative Importance of Spatial Scale Variables for Explaning Macroinvertebrate Richness in Different Aquatic Ecological Function Regions
Authors: Zhang Yuan , Jia Xiaobo , Lin Jianing , Qian Chang , Gao Xin , Ding Sen
Published: July 2019

Identifying the key drivers of aquatic fauna structuring at multiple spatial scales is critical in reducing biodiversity loss. Macroinvertebrates are the most sensitive indicators of disturbance and they are used as a cost-effective tool for bioassessment at catchment and site scales. The focus of our study was to identify the key drivers from three classes of environmental variables (geophysical landscape, land use, and site habitat) that influence macroinvertebrate richness in different aquatic ecological function regions (AEFRs) of the Liaohe River Basin. We sampled macroinvertebrate assemblages, extracted geophysical and climate variables from geospatial data, and quantified physical and chemical habitats from 407 randomly distributed sites that belong to the three level-I AEFRs. We analyzed our data through multiple linear regression models by using the three classes of predicted variables alone and in combination. The models that were constructed in the first level-I AEFR explained similar amounts of macroinvertebrate richness and had the maximum ability to explain how macroinvertebrate richness distributed (denoted “explaining ability”; geophysical landscape: RGL2 ≈ 60%, land use and site habitat: RLU2 and RSH2 ≈ 50%, and combined: RCB2 ≈ 75%). The explaining abilities for the third level-I AEFR were as follows: RGL2 ≈ 11%, RLU2 ≈ 14%, RSH2 ≈ 25%, and RCB2 ≈ 38%. The explaining abilities for the 4th level-I AEFR were as follows: RGL2 ≈ 30%, RLU2 ≈ 7%, RSH2 ≈ 40%, and RCB2 ≈ 55%. We conclude that: (1) all of the combined models explained more interaction as compared with the single models; (2) the environmental variables differed among different level-I AEFRs; and, (3) variables in the site habitat scale were the most robust explainers when analyzing the relationship between environmental variables and macroinvertebrate richness and they can be recommended as the optimal candidate explainer. These results may provide cost-effective tools for distinguishing and identifying the drivers of sensitive aquatic organisms at regional scales.
FORMULASI ES KRIM SARI KURMA
Authors: Agustin Cesia
Published: July 2019

ABSTRAK : Demam Berdarah Dengue merupakan salah satu masalah kesehatan di Indonesia. Penderita DBD biasanya akan terjadi penurunan trombosit, dan mengalami penurunannya respon daya tahan tubuh. Salah satu zat gizi yang dapat meningkatkan trombopoietin adalah omega 6 atau asam linoleat, adalah sari kurma. Penelitian ini bertujuan  untuk mengetahui gambaran tingkat kesukaan terhadap es krim sari kurma. Desain penelitian  adalah studi eksperimental, dengan sampel 30 orang panelis yang mengisi lembar formulir uji hedonik. Data yang dikumpulkan meliputi warna, rasa, aroma dan tekstur.  Es krim sari kurma yang paling banyak disukai dari segi warna yaitu formula 366, rasa yang paling disukai formula 455, aroma yang paling disukai yaitu formula 904 dan tekstur formula 455. Jadi, produk yang dipilih paling unggul adalah formula 455, karena disukai dari segi rasa dan tekstur. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, produk es krim sari kurma yang harus diperbaiki dari segi warna dan aroma pada formulasi 366 dan 904 , perlu dilakukan penelitian lebih lanjut pada pasien DBD yang diberikan es krim sari kurma.
Authors: Febriyanti Irma
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACT : Hydration status is a condition that describe the amount of fluid in the body that are known from testing the color of urine and is an early sign of dehydration. Prevalence of dehydration in teenager in Indonesia is 49.5%. Lack of fluid consumption and obesity can evoke dehydration. The purpose of this research is to know the relation between the consumption of fluids, hydration status and obesity. The design of this research is Cross Sectional with a total sample of 83 people. The technique sampling from all classes are conducted with by using proportional random sampling and from every class by using simple random sampling. The data collected include the characteristics of the sample, the liquid consumption, obesity, and hydration status. Research results are analyzed using chi square test. The research results shows an average consumption of the liquid sample 1751.08 mL/day, average IMT/U 0.7470 SD. 62.7% of the sample are less liquid consumption, 40.9% of the sample suffered obesity, and 53.0% of the sample are less hydrated. The results of statistical tests indicates the existence of a meaningful relation between the liquid consumption and hydration status (p = 0000 and USD = 12,519) and there is no meaningful relation between obesity and status hydration (p = 0,509  and RP = 1,201). Nutrition counseling are needed to improve the knowledge, especially the important of liquid consumption, the average amount of liquid that should be consumed based on the needs of the body, physical activity, and the other risk factors.

 

Keywords : liquid consumption, obesity, and hydration status
Authors: Fajriani Erista Putri , Mulyati Sri Slamet
Published: July 2019

The dairy industry is one industry that produces high levels of Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) which has the potential to pollute the environment. One method of reducing the levels of COD in industrial wastewater is processing using biological processes with 24-hour aerator contact. The purpose of this study is to determine the difference in the operational time of aerators with activated sludge for 21 hours, 22 hours, 23 hours and 24 hours to decrease the COD levels of industrial wastewater. The research design carried out was a pre-post test without control with a sample size of 40 pieces of 5 repetitions. Sampling was done by grab sampling in treated water tubs and aeration tanks. Statistical testing with Kruskall Wallis showed no difference in the treatment of COD decreases with a p-value of 0,0432. The test results showed an average decrease in COD levels from treatments 21 hours, 22 hours, 23 hours and 24 hours respectively were 1164.43 ppm (83,46%); 801,68 ppm (91,34%); 1241,68 ppm (77,77%) and 939,94 ppm (90,81%).
Authors: Fauziah Rizma Riadiani
Published: July 2019

Dengue fever is a mosquito-borne infection found in tropical and sub-tropical regions around the world. The main cause of DHF is the Aedes aegypti mosquito, therefore it is important to prevent the bite of the Ae.aegypt mosquito. The purpose of this research is to know the difference of various concentration of soursop seed extract (Annona muricata) as repellent to Aedes aegypti mosquito thrust. This research is an experimental research with post test only controlled group design. The sample in this study is Aedes aegypti mosquito as much as 210 tail. This study used 3 controls with 3 treatments and 6 repetitions. The results of this study showed that the concentrations of 5%, 20% and 35% had averages repulsion consecutive 33.5%, 67.2% and 94.8%. Based on One Way Anova Test showed that the value 0.000 <0,05 so it can be concluded there is difference of various concentration of soursop seed extract (Annona muricata) as repellent agains repulsion of Aedes aegypti mosquito. Based on Post Hoc (Tukey) test, the most effective concentration of soursop extract is 35% with 94,8%. For people to use natural plants such as soursop seeds to prevent the bite of Aedes aegypti mosquito as one alternative.
Meat quality and consumer acceptability of broiler chickens fed different levels of monosodium glutamate (MSG)
Authors: Adetunji Adedeji O. , Olarotimi Olumuyiwa J. , ADU Olufemi A. , OLADEJİ İmoleayo S. , ONİBİ Gbenga E.
Published: July 2019

The objective of this study was to evaluate the
effect of monosodium glutamate (MSG) inclusion in broiler diet on meat quality
of broiler chickens for 8 weeks. A total of 300 day old mixed sexed Abor-acre
chicks were randomly allocated to six treatments with five replicates per treatment
and ten birds per replicate in a completely randomized experimental design. Six
administration levels of monosodium glutamate (0.00, 0.25, 0.50, 0.75, 1.00 and
1.25 g MSG/kg diet) were added as taste enhancing additive in the diet at both
starter and finisher phases. Four birds (unsexed) per replicate were
slaughtered at the end of the trial period for meat quality evaluation. The
result revealed fat and crude protein contents of the meat and palatability of
the thigh muscle were significantly influenced by MSG, but the oxidative
stability, moisture, thawing and cooking loss were not significantly influenced
by the dietary treatments. In summary, the palatability of chicken meat from
broilers fed diet with MSG inclusion up to 0.75 g MSG/kg diet was enhanced, and
fat content was reduced with dietary inclusion of MSG.