bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Organizational tools for managing the personnel component system of financial and economic security of a trade enterprise
Authors: SMOKVINA Hanna , CHAN Tkhi Tkhan Tkhui
Published: May 2021

Introduction The paper outlines the issues of organizational tools of personnel security management. It is determined that one of the most important components of financial and economic security of a commercial enterprise is the personnel component, which includes employees who influence all aspects of the enterprise, as they are related to its functioning and effective operation.
The purpose of the paper is advancement of theoretical provisions and practical recommendations for special features and organizational tools for managing the personnel warehouse system and financial and economic security of the enterprise.
Results. Features and components of personnel security of a trading company are considered. An algorithm of the personnel security management system based on the purpose, objects, subjects, components of the assessment and personnel security tools has been developed. Organizational recommendations are given, which contain management tools for the components of personnel security, their brief characteristics and advantages are given.
Conclusion Combining the above tools of the personnel security management system will allow on the one hand to prevent negative consequences and eliminate potential risks and threats from staff, on the other hand, to protect employees, provide them with proper working conditions, ensure their basic needs and achieve their main goals development.
Basic elements of the principle of advocacy independence
Authors: DANYLCHENKO Vita
Published: May 2021

The paper considers the principle of independence in the activities of the bar as one of the fundamental organizational principles. Advocacy that is not given an adequate level of independence cannot live up to reasonable expectations of their performance. The relevance of the topic is that, only through the approval and proper observance of this principle, it is possible for the bar to properly exercise its powers. Particular attention is paid to the main elements of the principle of independence as meaningful components that allow a comprehensive study and determine the essence of this principle. The purpose of the work is to single out and fill in the content of individual components of the principle of independence. The principle of independence of the bar has been widely enshrined in national and international regulations. But, this necessity is due to the fact that the legislation interprets the principle of independence quite sharply and its components are considered only in the context of other provisions. In results, we propose to identify such basic elements as 1) independence from public authorities, local governments and the judiciary; 2) from their own interests; 3) availability of procedural guarantees; 4) the existence of legal secrecy; 5) independence from the client; 6) independence from business partners; 7) guarantees of lawyer's security and prosecution of persons violating the lawyer's independence; 8) functioning of bar self-government bodies. Proper adherence to the principle of independence of the bar is possible only under the condition of simultaneous regulation and proper functioning of all these components. This principle is decisive due to the public non-governmental nature of the Bar and its independence as a voluntary professional non-governmental association.
Modern concept of interpretation of the cash flow economic essence and its classification
Authors: MATVIEIEVA Olha , KOSTIUNIK Olena , TITARENKO Anastasiia
Published: May 2021

Introduction. At the present stage of economic development, it is impossible to imagine the activities of an economic entity in any industry without paying in cash. Today, the study of the nature of cash is one of the most promising, as increasing the efficiency of economic activity of the entity is based on maintaining its financial stability and maximizing profits, as well as the value of the entity, which is formed by organizing cash flows. Under the condition of controlling the constant movement of cash flows, businesses have the opportunity to provide a high level of economic potential. Thus, a critical analysis of the nature and classification of cash is not only relevant but also necessary.
Purpose. As the concept of “cash” is not regulated at the legislative level, its essence and classification features can be explained in different ways. The purpose of the paper is to study the problems of economic essence and classification of funds, generalization and optimization of results.
Results. A critical analysis of the economic essence of cash. The problems of economic essence of money and their classification are studied. The essence of the concept of “cash flow” is investigated. The results of critical analysis are generalized and optimized.
Conclusion. We have the opportunity to draw the following conclusions: cash – liquid assets of the entity, including cash on hand, bank accounts, cash in transit, electronic money, deposits, etc., on which depends the financial potential of the entity, the prospect of achieving financial goals of any level and which guarantee solvency, financial stability and liquidity of the business entity; сash flows – is the economic process of receipt and expenditure of cash costs in identical and non-cash form, generated in the course of economic activity of the entity, distributed according to production needs in times and spaces to ensure solvency and high efficiency. Thus, a critical analysis of the nature and classification of cash in the process of organizing and conducting business activities, proved that the study of the nature of cash, their qualifications is not only relevant and necessary, but requires further research.
High-intensity Interval Training as an Effective Method for Improving Non-athletic Students’ Physical Fitness
Authors: Жукова В.В.
Published: May 2021

Аннотация. В статье рассматривается вопрос улучшения показателей уровня физической подготовленности студентов высших учебных заведений не физкультурных специальностей в возрасте 17–18 лет.
Разработано и представлено содержание методики интенсивно-интервального тренинга для оптимизации процесса физического воспитания студентов на занятиях физической культурой, а также комплекс упражнений по системе интенсивно-интервальной тренировки.
На основе результатов педагогического эксперимента доказана гипотеза о том, что применение средств интенсивно-интервального тренинга на занятиях физической культурой со студентами высших учебных заведений нефизкультурных специальностей способно значительно повысить уровень их физической подготовленности и степень развития базовых физических способностей.
Доказательство эффективности применения средств интенсивно-интервального тренинга для повышения уровня физической подготовленности этих студентов определяет новизну проведенного авторами исследования, обогащение теории физической подготовленности студентов, в том числе развития таких физических качеств, как выносливость, сила и координация движений. Выявляется также его теоретическая значимость,
а возможность практического использования педагогами в процессе организации и проведения занятий по физической культуре свидетельствует о практической ценности.

The article focuses on the issue of improving physical fitness and stamina of 17–18-year-old non-athletic students of higher education institutions.
The author of the article has developed and presents a high-intensity interval training program aimed at enhancing students’ physical fitness through HIIT workouts during physical education classes in higher education institutions.
The results of pedagogical experiment prove the hypothesis that HIIT workouts during physical education classes in higher education institutions help enhance non-athletic students’ physical fitness and improve their physical abilities.
The fact that high-intensity interval training workouts help enhance students’ physical fitness, stamina, motor coordination and muscular strength accounts for the novelty and theoretical significance of the research. The practical significance of the research is accounted for by the fact that its results can be used by classroom teachers to plan physical education lessons in higher education institutions.
Cognitive and Personality Predictors of Magical Thinking during Social Maturity
Authors: Суворова О.В. , Кочеганова П.П. , Юдина Е.А.
Published: May 2021

Целью статьи является анализ онтологических аспектов магического мышления как социально-психологического феномена, а также его когнитивно-личностных предикторов в период социального взросления.
Гипотеза исследования заключается в постулировании магического мышления как копинг-стратегии, коррелирующей с комплексом когнитивно-личностных предикторов.
Научная новизна исследования — в системном анализе когнитивно-личностных детерминант магического мышления взрослого человека как психологической категории. В процессе исследования использовались мета-анализ, системный анализ.
В статье представлены материалы, полученные в результате проведенного авторами полустандартизированного интервью с людьми, имеющими выраженное магическое мышление, а также результаты проведенного наблюдения. Эмпирически выявлены следующие когнитивно-личностные особенности людей как предикторы магического мышления: эклектичное мировоззрение; искажение причинно-следственных связей и соблюдение принципа жесткого детерминизма; повышенная тревожность, коррелирующая
с высокими показателями нейротизма и фрустрации; экстернальный и интернальный локус контроля, а также сверхконтроль; аффективное воображение и склонность к эскапизму, тенденции макиавеллизма; преобладание когнитивных искажений и резонерства при средних и высоких когнитивных способностях, а также стремлении к самореализации.

The aim of the article is to analyze ontological aspects of magical thinking as social and psychological phenomenon and to investigate its cognitive and personality predictors during social maturity. The hypothesis of the research consists in the fact magical thinking is treated as a coping strategy which correlates with a complex of cognitive and personality predictors.
The scientific novelty of the research consists in systemic analysis of cognitive and personality determinants of magical thinking of a mature person as a psychological category. The research uses meta analysis and systemic analysis.
The article presents data collected via semi-structured interviews with people who have profound magical thinking and data collected via observation. Empirical research identifies the following cognitive and personality predictors of magical thinking: eclectic worldview; distortion of causal relationships and preservation of rigid determinism; high anxiety correlating with high neuroticism and frustration; external and internal locus of control, overcontrol; affective imagination and escapism, machiavellianism tendencies; cognitive distortion and reasoning with average and high cognitive abilities, self-realization.
The Interconnection between Emotional Characteristics and Information Culture in Students
Authors: Суворова О.В. , Кухарев А.С. , Юдин О.А.
Published: May 2021

В современном обществе происходит глобальная цифровая трансформация: развиваются различные виртуальные сервисы, обучение, а профессиональная деятельность переходит в онлайн-сферу. Все больше времени люди проводят в интернете, пользуясь различными гаджетами, и это представляет опасность для их психоэмоционального состояния.
В зоне риска находятся в первую очередь студенты, являющиеся активными пользователями интернета, в том числе социальных сетей. В связи с этим целью исследования стало изучение взаимосвязи эмоционально-личностных характеристик (тревожность, агрессивность, показатели смысложизненных ориентаций и субъективного благополучия) и особенностей информационной культуры у студентов.
В статье представлен анализ сформированности информационной культуры студентов; эмоциональные и личностные особенности студентов с различным уровнем сформированности информационной культуры; взаимосвязи информационной культуры с эмоционально-личностными характеристиками студентов.
Показано, что у студентов с высоким уровнем информационной культуры выше уровень смысложизненных ориентаций и ниже уровень личностной тревожности, враждебности и агрессивности. Чем менее сформирована у них информационная культура, тем выше напряженность и чувствительность, агрессивность и враждебность, тем чаще наблюдаются признаки психоэмоциональной симптоматики, чувство вины и тем ниже уровень смысложизненных ориентаций и субъективного благополучия.
На основе полученных результатов разработаны рекомендации для психологической службы вуза по развитию у студентов информационной культуры.

Contemporary society is characterized by global digital transformation: various virtual services are developing; people are studying and working online. People spend more and more time surfing the internet, exploring various gadgets, which is a great psychological and emotional stressor.
Students, who are active internet users and social media users, are at risk. Therefore, the aim of the research is to investigate the interconnection between students’ individual emotional characteristics (anxiety, aggression, values, emotional wellbeing) and information culture.
The article analyzes students’ information culture development and investigates the interconnection between students’ individual emotional characteristics and their information culture.
The article maintains that students with high-level information culture have well-established and sound values, they are less anxious, show less aggression and hostility. Students with low-level information culture are emotionally unstable, tense, aggressive and hostile, they suffer from guilt, they do not have fixed and sound values.
The analysis of the obtained results was used to develop recommendations for improving students’ information culture and providing them with psychological support.
РОЗВИТОК ШКІЛЬНОЇ ПРИРОДНИЧОЇ ОСВІТИ ЯК ПРЕДМЕТ НАУКОВОГО ДОСЛІДЖЕННЯ
Authors: Кравченко А. М.
Published: May 2021

У статті розглянуто поняття «освіта», «шкільна природнича освіта», «природничо-наукова картина світу». Проаналізовано наукові дослідження, присвячені розвитку шкільної природничої освіти в Україні. Відзначено, що в історико-педагогічних розвідках Л. Гуцал розглянуто формування цілісної картини розвитку шкільної природничої освіти на Правобережній Україні (друга половина ХІХ – початок ХХ століття), О. Кохановської – теоретико-методичні засади генези природничо-математичної освіти дівчат у навчальних закладах України (ХІХ – початок ХХ століття), О. Коробченко – розвиток змісту вітчизняної шкільної природничої освіти (наприкінці XVIII – на початку XX століття), Н. Новикової – форми та методи навчання біології (XX – початок XXI століття), Н. Борисенко – теорія та практика виховання в учнів свідомого ставлення до природи (друга половина XIX – початок XX століття).Авторкою статті проаналізовано періодизації розвитку шкільної природничої освіти, запропоновані вітчизняними вченими, а також трансформації змісту, форм та методів вивчення природознавства. Акцентовано, що розвиток шкільної природничої освіти залежав від соціально-економічних, політичних, культурних та галузевих чинників. Перш за все на розвиток шкільної природничої освіти впливали освітні реформи, досягнення природознавчої науки та їхня роль в економіці країни. Природнича освіта посідає важливе місце як в історико-культурному контексті, так і в сучасній парадигмі освіти, оскільки була і є важливою для формування у молоді наукової картини світу, для розвитку природничої грамотності всіх прошарків населення.Зроблено висновок, що дослідження процесів розвитку шкільної природничої освіти дає можливість використати методичний потенціал минулого, організувати освітній процес у сучасній загальноосвітній школі більш ефективно, застосовуючи досвід та ідеї попередників.
¿Qué pueden enseñarnos las ciencias de la complejidad sobre política y democracia?
Authors: Palacios Patricia , García David
Published: May 2021

En este artículo revisamos distintos modelos que usan herramientas de las ciencias de la complejidad para explicar fenómenos sociopolíticos y sugerimos que estos modelos deben ser interpretados como ‘modelos mínimos’ (Weisberg 2007; Batterman y Rice 2014). Concluimos que estos modelos altamente idealizados pueden no solo ayudarnos a distinguir los factores causales relevantes que dan origen a ciertos fenómenos sociopolíticos, sino que además en algunos casos pueden ayudarnos a visualizar políticas de intervención.
Primera República y voluntariados armados. Los 80 batallones francos del general Socías
Authors: Bru Sánchez-Fortún Alberto
Published: May 2021

El presente trabajo pretende explicar el intento de recluta por parte del Gobierno Figueras de 80 batallones francos que deberían haber servido para acabar con la amenaza carlista sin recurrir al servicio militar forzoso. Este episodio ha recibido poca atención, se ha malinterpretado, e incluso se ha confundido en ocasiones con otro de los alistamientos voluntarios que durante el Sexenio amenazaron el monopolio militar de la violencia pública. Para alcanzar dicho objetivo se han utilizado fundamentalmente, además de la prensa y la bibliografía de la época, los diarios de sesiones de los diferentes parlamentos de aquellos años y las circulares de la Dirección General de Infantería. Estos materiales demuestran que la iniciativa del Gobierno fue completamente desnaturalizada por la corporación castrense, que la acomodó a su propia lógica militar, lo que motivó el completo fracaso de un reclutamiento que sólo hubiera podido tener el éxito masivo esperado si conectaba con el mito republicano del «pueblo en armas».
ATE_ABSITA @ EVALITA2020: Overview of the Aspect Term Extraction and Aspect-based Sentiment Analysis Task
Authors: De Mattei Lorenzo , De Martino Graziella , Iovine Andrea , Miaschi Alessio , Polignano Marco , Rambelli Giulia
Published: May 2021

Over the last years, the rise of novel sentiment analysis techniques to assess aspect-based opinions on product reviews has become a key component for providing valuable insights to both consumers and businesses. To this extent, we propose ATE_ABSITA: the EVALITA 2020 shared task on Aspect Term Extraction and Aspect-Based Sentiment Analysis. In particular, we approach the task as a cascade of three subtasks: Aspect Term Extraction (ATE), Aspect-based Sentiment Analysis (ABSA) and Sentiment Analysis (SA). Therefore, we invited participants to submit systems designed to automatically identify the "aspect term" in each review and to predict the sentiment expressed for each aspect, along with the sentiment of the entire review. The task received broad interest, with 27 teams registered and more than 45 participants. However, only three teams submitted their working systems. The results obtained underline the task’s difficulty, but they also show how it is possible to deal with it using innovative approaches and models. Indeed, two of them are based on large pre-trained language models as typical in the current state of the art for the English language. (Mattei et al. 2020)
SentNA @ ATE_ABSITA: Sentiment Analysis of Customer Reviews Using Boosted Trees with Lexical and Lexicon-based Features
Authors: Mele Francesco , Sorgente Antonio , Vettigli Giuseppe
Published: May 2021

This paper describes our submission to the tasks on Sentiment Analysis of ATE_ABSITA (Aspect Term Extraction and Aspect-Based Sentiment Analysis). In particular, we focused on Task 3 using an approach based on combining frequency of words with lexicon-based polarities and uses Boosted Trees to predict the sentiment score. This approach achieved a competitive error and, thanks to the interpretability of the building blocks, allows us to show the what elements are considered when making the prediction. We also joined Task 1 proposing a hybrid model that joins rule-based and machine learning methodologies in order to combine the advantages of both. The model proposed for Task 1 is only preliminary.
Venses @ HaSpeeDe2 & SardiStance: Multilevel Deep Linguistically Based Supervised Approach to Classification
Authors: Delmonte Rodolfo
Published: May 2021

In this paper1 we present the results obtained with ItVENSES a system for syntactic and semantic processing that is based on the parser for Italian called ItGetaruns to analyse each sentence. In previous EVALITA tasks we only used semantics to produce the results. In this year EVALITA, we used both a fully and mixed statistically based approach and the semantic one used previously. The statistic approaches are all characterized by the use of n-grams and the usual tf-idf indices. We added another parameter called the Kullback-Leibler Divergence to compute similarities. In addition we used emoticons and hashtags. Results for the two runs allowed have been fairly low – around 40% F1-score. We continued producing other runs on the basis of the statistical approach and after receiving the gold-test version and the evaluation script we discovered that in one of these additional runs - the fourth - we improved up to 54% macro F1 for HaSpeeDe2 task and up to 48% macro F1 for Sardines.
UNITOR @ Sardistance2020: Combining Transformer-based Architectures and Transfer Learning for Robust Stance Detection
Authors: Giorgioni Simone , Politi Marcello , Salman Samir , Croce Danilo , Basili Roberto
Published: May 2021

This paper describes the UNITOR system that participated to the Stance Detection in Italian tweets (Sardistance) task within the context of EVALITA 2020. UNITOR implements a transformer-based architecture whose accuracy is improved by adopting a Transfer Learning technique. In particular, this work investigates the possible contribution of three auxiliary tasks related to Stance Detection, i.e., Sentiment Detection, Hate Speech Detection and Irony Detection. Moreover, UNITOR relies on an additional dataset automatically downloaded and labeled through distant supervision. The UNITOR system ranked first in Task A within the competition. This confirms the effectiveness of Transformer-based architectures and the beneficial impact of the adopted strategies.
DeepReading @ SardiStance: Combining Textual, Social and Emotional Features
Authors: Espinosa María S. , Agerri Rodrigo , Rodrigo Alvaro , Centeno Roberto
Published: May 2021

In this paper we describe our participation to the SardiStance shared task held at EVALITA 2020. We developed a set of classifiers that combined text features, such as the best performing systems based on large pre-trained language models, together with user profile features, such as psychological traits and social media user interactions. The classification algorithms chosen for our models were various monolingual and multilingual Transformer models for text only classification, and XGBoost for the non-textual features. The combination of the textual and contextual models was performed by a weighted voting ensemble learning system. Our approach obtained the best score for Task B, on Contextual Stance Detection.
TAG-it @ EVALITA2020: Overview of the Topic, Age, and Gender Prediction Task for Italian
Authors: Cimino Andrea , Dell’Orletta Felice , Nissim Malvina
Published: May 2021

The Topic, Age, and Gender (TAG-it) prediction task in Italian was organised in the context of EVALITA 2020, using forum posts as textual evidence for profiling their authors. The task was articulated in two separate subtasks: one where all three dimensions (topic, gender, age) were to be predicted at once; the other where training and test sets were drawn from different forum topics and gender or age had to be predicted separately. Teams tackled the problems both with classical machine learning methods as well as neural models. Using the training-data to fine-tuning a BERT-based monolingual model for Italian proved eventually as the most successful strategy in both subtasks. We observe that topic and gender are easier to predict than age. The higher results for gender obtained in this shared task with respect to a comparable challenge at EVALITA 2018 might be due to the larger evidence per author provided at this edition, as well as to the availability of pre-trained large models for fine-tuning, which have shown improvement on very many NLP tasks.
ItaliaNLP @ TAG-IT: UmBERTo for Author Profiling at TAG-it 2020
Authors: Occhipinti Daniela , Tesei Andrea , Iacono Maria , Aliprandi Carlo , Mattei Lorenzo De
Published: May 2021

In this paper we describe the systems we used to participate in the task TAG-it of EVALITA 2020. The first system we developed uses linear Support Vector Machine as learning algorithm. The other two systems are based on the pretrained Italian Language Model UmBERTo: one of them has been developed following the Multi-Task Learning approach, while the other following the Single-Task Learning approach. These systems have been evaluated on TAG-it official test sets and ranked first in all the TAG-it subtasks, demonstrating the validity of the approaches we followed.
DANKMEMES @ EVALITA 2020: The Memeing of Life: Memes, Multimodality and Politics
Authors: Miliani Martina , Giorgi Giulia , Rama Ilir , Anselmi Guido , Lebani Gianluca E.
Published: May 2021

DANKMEMES is a shared task proposed for the 2020 EVALITA campaign, focusing on the automatic classification of Internet memes. Providing a corpus of 2.361 memes on the 2019 Italian Government Crisis, DANKMEMES features three tasks: A) Meme Detection, B) Hate Speech Identification, and C) Event Clustering. Overall, 5 groups took part in the first task, 2 in the second and 1 in the third. The best system was proposed by the UniTor group and achieved a F1 score of 0.8501 for task A, 0.8235 for task B and 0.2657 for task C. In this report, we describe how the task was set up, we report the system results and we discuss them.
UPB @ DANKMEMES: Italian Memes Analysis - Employing Visual Models and Graph Convolutional Networks for Meme Identification and Hate Speech Detection
Authors: Vlad George-Alexandru , Zaharia George-Eduard , Cercel Dumitru-Clementin , Dascalu Mihai
Published: May 2021

Certain events or political situations determine users from the online environment to express themselves by using different modalities. One of them is represented by Internet memes, which combine text with a representative image to entail a wide range of emotions, from humor to sarcasm and even hate. In this paper, we describe our approach for the DANKMEMES competition from EVALITA 2020 consisting of a multimodal multi-task learning architecture based on two main components. The first one is a Graph Convolutional Network combined with an Italian BERT for text encoding, while the second is varied between different image-based architectures (i.e., ResNet50, ResNet152, and VGG-16) for image representation. Our solution achieves good performance on the first two tasks of the current competition, ranking 3rd for both Task 1 (.8437 macro-F1 score) and Task 2 (.8169 macro-F1 score), while exceeding by high margins the official baselines.
ArchiMeDe @ DANKMEMES: A New Model Architecture for Meme Detection
Authors: Setpal Jinen , Sarti Gabriele
Published: May 2021

We introduce ArchiMeDe, a multimodal neural network-based architecture used to solve the DANKMEMES meme detections subtask at the 2020 EVALITA campaign. The system incorporates information from visual and textual sources through a multimodal neural ensemble to predict if input images and their respective metadata are memes or not. Each pre-trained neural network in the ensemble is first fine-tuned individually on the training dataset to perform domain adaptation. Learned text and visual representations are then concatenated to obtain a single multimodal embedding, and the final prediction is performed through majority voting by all networks in the ensemble.
UNITOR @ DANKMEMES: Combining Convolutional Models and Transformer-based architectures for accurate MEME management
Authors: Breazzano Claudia , Rubino Edoardo , Croce Danilo , Basili Roberto
Published: May 2021

This paper describes the UNITOR system that participated to the “multimoDal Artefacts recogNition Knowledge for MEMES” (DANKMEMES) task within the context of EVALITA 2020. UNITOR implements a neural model which combines a Deep Convolutional Neural Network to encode visual information of input images and a Transformer-based architecture to encode the meaning of the attached texts. UNITOR ranked first in all subtasks, clearly confirming the robustness of the investigated neural architectures and suggesting the beneficial impact of the proposed combination strategy.
“Il Mago della Ghigliottina” @ Ghigliottin-AI: When Linguistics meets Artificial Intelligence
Authors: Sangati Federico , Pascucci Antonio , Monti Johanna
Published: May 2021

This paper describes Il mago della Ghigliottina, a bot which took part in the Ghigliottin-AI task of the Evalita 2020 evaluation campaign. The aim is to build a system able to solve the TV game “La Ghigliottina”. Our system has already participated in the Evalita 2018 task NLP4FUN. Compared to that occasion, it improved its accuracy from 61% to 68.6%.
QMUL-SDS @ DIACR-Ita: Evaluating Unsupervised Diachronic Lexical Semantics Classification in Italian
Authors: Alkhalifa Rabab , Tsakalidis Adam , Zubiaga Arkaitz , Liakata Maria
Published: May 2021

In this paper, we present the results and main findings of our system for the DIACR-Ita 2020 Task. Our system focuses on using variations of training sets and different semantic detection methods. The task involves training, aligning and predicting a word’s vector change from two diachronic Italian corpora. We demonstrate that using Temporal Word Embeddings with a Compass C-BOW model is more effective compared to different approaches including Logistic Regression and a Feed Forward Neural Network using accuracy. Our model ranked 3rd with an accuracy of 83.3%.
UniBO @ KIPoS: Fine-tuning the Italian “BERTology" for PoS-tagging Spoken Data
Authors: Tamburini Fabio
Published: May 2021

The use of contextualised word embeddings allowed for a relevant performance increase for almost all Natural Language Processing (NLP) applications. Recently some new models especially developed for Italian became available to scholars. This work aims at applying simple fine-tuning methods for producing high-performance solutions at the EVALITA KIPOS PoS-tagging task (Bosco et al. 2020).
UniBA @ KIPoS: A Hybrid Approach for Part-of-Speech Tagging
Authors: Izzi Giovanni Luca , Ferilli Stefano
Published: May 2021

The Part of Speech tagging operation is becoming increasingly important as it represents the starting point for other high-level operations such as Speech Recognition, Machine Translation, Parsing and Information Retrieval. Although the accuracy of state-of-the-art POS-taggers reach a high level of accuracy (around 96-97%) it cannot yet be considered a solved problem because there are many variables to take into account. For example, most of these systems use lexical knowledge to assign a tag to unknown words. The task solution proposed in this work is based on a hybrid tagger, which doesn’t use any prior lexical knowledge, consisting of two different types of POS-taggers used sequentially: HMM tagger and RDRPOSTagger [(Nguyen et al., 2014), (Nguyen et al., 2016)]. We trained the hybrid model using the Development set and the combination of Development and Silver sets. The results have shown an accuracy of 0,8114 and 0,8100 respectively for the main task.
GIS-Based Evolutionary Approaches Using Multiple-Criteria Decision Analysis for Spatial Issues
Authors: Elhosni Soumaya , Faiz Sami
Published: May 2021

Geographic information systems (GIS) have been considered as good decision support tools to provide the decision maker (DM). However, their spatial data functionalities fail to provide any report about the potentials of the information and cannot make rational choice between conflicting alternatives. Literature review shows that the integration of GIS with multiple-criteria decision analysis (MCDA) makes GIS more robust in decision making process. While MCDA are used to support DMs to deal and solve spatial multi-objective optimisation problems (SMOPs), the use of their methods are suited for eliciting the preferences of small group of stakeholders. Unlike to MCDA, Multi-Objective Evolutionary Algorithms (MOEA) perform well on solving SMOPS conflicting objectives since only one iteration of the algorithm gives rise to a set of trade-off solutions. However, only choosing better compromise doesn't completely solve the problem. Recently, a growing interest in combining MCDA and MOEA techniques has been seen. The chapter approaches the idea of integration of GIS, MOEA, and MCDA to solve SMOP.
Irrigation Monitoring Using Geospatial Techniques in Plastic Greenhouse Landscapes
Authors: Mimouni Mustapha , Ben Khatra Nabil , Hadj Tayeb Amjed , Faiz Sami
Published: May 2021

The practice of under plastic agriculture is a key economic driver in Chtouka plain in Morocco and plays an important role in agriculture systems. The spatio-temporal information of PGH is still not available countrywide neither at regional nor local scales. This information is required for agriculture and water managers as well as environmental agencies, especially since it represents the first pressure on groundwater resources, which knows a deficit of 60 to 80 million m3 per year. This chapter represents an optimized workflow for monitoring irrigation activities in a plastic greenhouses landscape, where machine learning techniques are used to build a model for automatic extraction of plastic greenhouses as well as irrigated areas in open fields using time-series Sentinel-2 imagery. The model was tested and validated firstly on one acquisition (29th July 2019) and then run on the cloudless time-series Sentinel-2 images for the period (August 2019-August 2020) at a monthly basis. The overall accuracy achieved exceeds 97%, and kappa coefficient was around 98%.
Natural Language for Querying Geographic Databases
Authors: Landoulsi Ghada , Mahmoudi Khaoula
Published: May 2021

The amount of spatio-temporal data is growing as is its potential in improving several fields (such as hazard characterization and human diseases). Meanwhile, several problems have risen and concern specially retrieving, storing, and interpreting spatio-temporal phenomena. In fact, there is a need today to make the exploitation of this flood of information popularized for a wide range of users. Although this is not the case since now, generally managing such data requires specific skills, especially the structured query language (SQL) expertise. To profit a wide range of users from this technology, natural language is to be exploited to bridge the gap between non-expert users and geographic data exploitation. This is the scope of the chapter.
Pathogenesis evidence from human and animal models of detrusor underactivity
Authors: Jhang Jia-Fong , Jiang Yuan-Hong , Hsu Yung-Hsiang , Ho Han-Chen , Kuo Hann-Chorng
Published: May 2021

Detrusor underactivity (DU) is a common urodynamic diagnosis in patients with lower urinary tract symptoms and large post-voiding residual volume. Animal and human studies showed the possible etiologies of DU include central or peripheral nerve injury, bladder outlet obstruction, chronic ischemia, aging, diabetes mellitus, and sympathetic inhibition of micturition reflex. Evidence from animal and human DU studies with various etiologies revealed highly similar gross and histological characteristics in the bladders, including increased bladder weight, bladder wall thickening, inflammation, collagen deposition, and fibrosis. In electron microscopy, smooth muscle destruction, swollen mitochondria, decreased nerve innervation, caveolae, and umbrella cell fusiform vesicles were noted in the DU bladders. Most animal DU models demonstrate detrusor contractility changes from compensatory to the decompensatory stage, and the change was compatible with human DU observation. The cystometry in the DU animal studies is characterized by impaired contractility, prolong intercontraction interval, and hyposensation, while in vitro bladder muscle strips experiment may exhibit normal detrusor contractility. Decreased bladder blood flow and increased oxidative stress in bladders had been proved in different animal DU models, suggesting they should be important in the DU pathogenesis pathway. Sensory receptors mRNA and protein expression changes in DU bladders had been observed in both animal and human studies, including muscarinic receptors M2, M3, adrenergic receptor β3, purinergic receptor P2X1, P2X3, and transient receptor potential vanilloid (TRPV) 1 and TRPV4. Although some of the sensory receptors changes remain controversial, it might be the target for further pharmacologic treatments.
Acute kidney injury in COVID-19
Authors: Chopra Seema , Syal Arshi , Arya Yajur
Published: May 2021

The clinical manifestations of COVID-19 are diverse with the involvement of different organ systems. Renal involvement is particularly noteworthy with acute kidney injury (AKI) being an important disease manifestation, particularly in pregnancy. Pregnancy itself serves as a high-risk condition for COVID-19 disease and a risk factor for deterioration, developing a more severe illness than nonpregnant women, and subsequent higher intensive care unit admission, oxygen therapy, and ventilatory support. There are reports in the literature highlighting the involvement of vital organs in pregnancy; however, data pertaining to AKI in pregnancy during COVID-19 are lacking in terms of risk factors, disease management, and outcomes. The entire spectrum of hormonal changes and adaptive mechanisms in pregnancy can be adversely affected by this viral infection. A literature search regarding AKI in COVID-19 in pregnancy was performed on PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar, and ScienceDirect, and the relevant articles were selected. Our review highlights key issues pertaining to AKI in COVID-19 in pregnancy in an attempt to overcome, albeit partly, the scarcity of corroborative literature regarding the same.
Early prediction of survival at different time intervals in sepsis patients
Authors: Chen Shih-Hong , Wang Yi-Chia , Chao Anne , Liu Chih-Min , Chiu Ching-Tang , Wang Ming-Jiuh , Yeh Yu-Chang
Published: May 2021

Objectives:

Sepsis is a major cause of death around the world. Complicated scoring systems require time to have data to predict short-term survival. Intensivists need a tool to predict survival in sepsis patients easily and quickly.

Materials and Methods:

This retrospective study reviewed the medical records of adult patients admitted to the surgical intensive care units between January 2009 and December 2011 in National Taiwan University Hospital. For this study, 739 patients were enrolled. We recorded the demographic and clinical variables of patients diagnosed with sepsis. A Cox proportional hazard model was used to analyze the survival data and determine significant risk factors to develop a prediction model. This model was used to create a nomogram for predicting the survival rate of sepsis patients up to 3 months.

Results:

The observed 28-day, 60-day, and 90-day survival rates were 71.43%, 52.53%, and 46.88%, respectively. The principal risk factors for survival prediction included age; history of dementia; Glasgow Coma Scale score; and lactate, creatinine, and platelet levels. Our model showed more favorable prediction than did Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II and Sequential Organ Failure Assessment at sepsis onset (concordance index: 0.65 vs. 0.54 and 0.59). This model was used to create the nomogram for predicting the mortality at the onset of sepsis.

Conclusion:

We suggest that developing a nomogram with several principal risk factors can provide a quick and easy tool to early predict the survival rate at different intervals in sepsis patients.
The role of Type III secretion system in the pathogenesis of Pseudomonas aeruginosa microbial keratitis
Authors: Yang Justin J. , Tsuei Kai-Si Claire , Shen Elizabeth P.
Published: May 2021

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is the most commonly isolated Gram-negative pathogen causing sight-threatening microbial keratitis (MK). Contact lens wear is the most significant risk factor associated with pseudomonal MK. Understanding the pathogenesis of MK due to P. aeruginosa and its interactions with contact lenses is crucial in preventing these often rapidly progressive and highly antibiotic-resistant infections. Bacterial virulence factor Type III secretion system (T3SS) has significant interplays between contact lens material, antibiotic sensitivity, disinfectant selectivity, and bacterial cell invasion. Depending on the T3SS exotoxins produced, P. aeruginosa strains are divided into cytotoxic or invasive strains. Cytotoxic strains are relatively resistant to commercial disinfectants, while invasive strains are more antibiotic resistant. Therefore, contact lens wearers are more predisposed to cytotoxic P. aeruginosa infections, and patients with trauma or previous surgery are more prone to infection by invasive strains. Previous studies with mutant P. aeruginosa strains unable to produce T3SS exotoxins were more susceptible to disinfectants and less able to adhere to soft contact lenses, indicating an essential role of T3SS in bacterial virulence. Invasion of P. aeruginosa intracellularly was found to be associated with control of scaffold protein IQ-domain GTPase-activating protein 1 (IQGAP1) and human corneal epithelial cell tight junctions. Knockdown of IQGAP1 strengthened tight junctions that prevented intracellular survival of invasive P. aeruginosa strains and enhanced corneal epithelial cell survival. These novel findings of the vital role of T3SS in the pathogenesis of pseudomonal MKs will provide new guidelines in both prevention and treatment of this common eye-blinding infection.
Is tepid sponging more effective than paracetamol at relieving fever in febrile children in hot tropical climates? a mini review
Authors: Akyirem Samuel , F. Bossman Irene
Published: May 2021

Background: Childhood fever remains a significant health problem because of the convulsion risk it poses to the child as well as the parental anxiety it provokes. Tepid sponging of such children remains commonplace in tropical climates despite the lack of evidence to support it.Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of tepid sponging in hot tropical climatesMethods: NICE systematic review methodology was used. Medline and EMBASE were searched from their inception to date. Eligibility criteria included a) studies of randomised controlled trial (RCT) design b) children aged 2 to 120 months c) the use of tepid sponging alone in one arm and paracetamol in the other arm of the experiment. Eligible studies were critically appraised with NICE risk of bias tool. The outcome of interest was the number of afebrile children 2 hours after intervention. The outcome data from eligible studies were pooled for meta-analysis using random effects.Findings: Out of the 201 papers retrieved from the electronic search, two studies met the inclusion criteria. The meta-analysis found that tepid sponging was less effective than paracetamol at relieving fever two hours post-intervention (RR=0.25, 95% CI 0.08-0.79]).Conclusion: Tepid sponging was not effective against fever. There is the need to modify existing local clinical protocols to reflect the new evidence and international guidelines.
Kapitalizmle İlişkisi Bağlamında Boş Zaman ve Gençlik
Authors: ÖZTAŞ Şeyda , KIYLIOĞLU Levent
Published: May 2021

Kapitalist düzen dünya üzerinde tüketim alanında, niteliklerini her alana işleyen sistem biçimi olup İnsanların her koşulda ve zaman aralığında tüketebilmeleri için farklı yeni yolları her zaman kendi düzenine katabilmektedir. Bu sistemde önemli tüketim aralığı insanların çalışma dışında gerçekleştirmiş oldukları, kendileri için vakit ayırabildikleri boş zamanlardır. Boş zaman kişinin kendi istek ve arzusu doğrultusunda şekillendirdiği aralıktır. Ancak kapitalist sistem insanların istek ve arzularına sunmuş olduğu seçenekleri yine kendisi düzenlediğinden, bireyler kendilerine ait olan bu zamanda verilen seçeneklere uygun tüketim ve davranış biçimlerini sergilemektedirler. İnsanlar yaşam süreçlerinde farklı evrelerden geçerken kendisini birçok faaliyet mekânı içerisinde bulmaktadır. Gençlerin boş zamanı, çalışan bireylere oranla daha fazla olduğu düşünülürse, kapitalizm ve tüketim kültürü için önemli aktörler olmaktadır. Kapitalizm kendisi için uygun koşulları barındıran bu grubun boş zamanlarını doldurmakta güçlü bir etkiye sahiptir. Bu çalışmanın amacı gençlerde boş zamanın anlamını kapitalist tüketim kültürü bağlamında incelemektir. Bu çalışmada boş zaman kavramı gençlik ve tüketim kültürü bağlamında ele alınmış ve değerlendirilmiştir.
ANALISIS YURIDIS PENYELESAIAN SENGKETA KEPALA DESA YANG MENDAPAT SUARA SAMA DI DESA MASBAGIK SELATAN KABUPATEN LOMBOK TIMUR
Authors: HULAIMI
Published: May 2021

The purpose of this research is to find out how the dispute resolution mechanism of the election results for the Head of South Masbagik Village, East Lombok Regency is based on the Laws and Regulations. Knowing how the legal considerations in Decision Number: 08 / G / 2018 / PTUN.Mtr and PTUN Surabaya Decision Number: 173 / B / 2018 / PT.TUN.SBY are in accordance with statutory regulations in resolving the same vote dispute. This study the authors use the Normative research method, with an approach method using library legal materials in other words, library research (Library Reaserch). This study the authors used a normative research method, with an approach method using library law materials, in other words, library research (Library Reaserch). The method of collecting legal materials used is documentation study, namely by recording information from legal materials related to dispute resolution mechanisms based on statutory regulations, as well as those obtained from other sources, either expert opinion, research results or journals.
Estructura Factorial del Funcionamiento Neuropsicológico en la Discapacidad Intelectual Leve en Niños
Authors: Restrepo Jorge Emiro , Gómez-Botero Mónica , Molina-González David , Castañeda-Quirama Tatiana
Published: May 2021

Se realizó un análisis factorial exploratorio para establecer la estructura factorial del funcionamiento neuropsicológico en la discapacidad intelectual leve en niños. Fue un estudio cuantitativo, descriptivo y transversal. Se incluyeron 80 niños con diagnóstico de discapacidad intelectual leve. Se aplicó una extensa batería de pruebas neuropsicológicas. Se realizó un Análisis Factorial Exploratorio para identificar los factores principales. Los resultados mostraron que la discapacidad intelectual leve en niños tienen una estructura en la que las funciones neuropsicológicas asociadas con el funcionamiento ejecutivo explican un 56 % de la varianza y tienen una prioridad factorial sobre un 13 % que explican las variables asociadas con dos tests tradicionales para evaluar la inteligencia. Se analiza y discute cada factor desde la neuropsicología clínica y experimental. Los hallazgos del estudio tienen implicaciones teóricas y clínicas para el diagnóstico diferencial. Palabras clave: discapacidad intelectual leve, Funciones Ejecutivas, inteligencia, neuropsicología, Niños