bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
No. 1: SOME BACTERIAL ORGANISMS OCCURRING IN THE CLAM (Mya arenaria) WHICH MAY PRODUCE "BLACKENING" IN TINS
Authors: SYMONS M.Sc. JESSIE L.
Published: April 2011

not available
No. VII: ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE ANGLER (Lophius piscatorius, L.)
Authors: CONNOLLY PH.D. C. J.
Published: April 2011

not available
No. 2: RESULTS OF THE HUDSON BAY EXPEDITION, 1920: III. THE ECHINODERMS
Authors: CLARK AUSTIN H.
Published: April 2011

not available
No. 7: A NEW HYDRACTINIA AND OTHER WEST COAST HYDROIDS
Authors: FRASER C. McLEAN
Published: April 2011

not available
No. 14: ICHTHYOLOGICAL NOTES
Authors: FRASER C. MCLEAN
Published: April 2011

not available
No. 24: A NOTE ON THE POLYCHAETOUS ANNELID Eudistylia gigantea BUSH
Authors: O'DONOGHUE D.SC., F.Z.S., F.R. CHAS. H.
Published: April 2011

not available
No. 3: CIRCULATION AND POLLUTION OF WATER IN AND NEAR HALIFAX HARBOUR
Authors: HUNTSMAN A. G.
Published: April 2011

not available
No. 10: THE GROWTH-RATE OF THE SCALES IN THE SOCKEYE SALMON, ONCORHYNCHUS NERKA.
Authors: Dunlop H. A.
Published: April 2011

not available
No. 21: DESMIDIEAE FROM BRITISH COLUMBIA
Authors: WAILES G. H.
Published: April 2011

not available
No. 9.: PACIFIC SALMON MIGRATION: REPORT ON THE TAGGING OPERATIONS IN 1925
Authors: WILLIAMSON D.Sc., F.R.S.E. H. CHAS.
Published: April 2011

not available
No. 10: BIOLOGICAL STUDIES OF FISHERY STATISTICS
Authors: NEEDLER B.A. A. W. H.
Published: April 2011

not available
THE NUTRITIONAL PHYSIOLOGY OF CLADOCERA
Authors: RANKIN G. P.
Published: April 2011

not available
REPORTS OF THE JASPER PARK LAKES INVESTIGATIONS, 1925-26 IV. AQUATIC INSECTS
Authors: NEAVE FERRIS
Published: April 2011

not available
THE ACTION OF LIGHT ON CALANUS FINMARCHICUS (GUNNER) AS DETERMINED BY ITS EFFECT ON THE HEART RATE
Authors: HARVEY J. M.
Published: April 2011

not available
TROUT FRY PLANTING EXPERIMENTS IN FORBES BROOK, P.E.I., IN 1928
Authors: WHITE H. C.
Published: April 2011

not available
SOME OSTRACODA OF THE VANCOUVER ISLAND REGION
Authors: LUCAS VERNA Z.
Published: April 2011

Twenty-two species of Ostracoda are recorded from the Vancouver island region. New distribution is given for Philomedes longiseta Juday, Xestolebris depressa Sars, X. dispar Müller, Cythereis montereyensis Skogsberg, C. glauca Skogsberg, C. aurita Skogsberg, C. pacifica Skogsberg, C. longiductus Skogsberg, C. dunelmensis Norman, C. polita Skogsberg, Cythere lutea Müller, Cytherura clathrata Sars, Loxoconcha fragilis Sars, Argilloecia cyclindrica Sars, A. conoidea Sars, Cytherois pusilla Sars. The following species are described as new: Philomedes trituberculatus, Cythereis arachis, C. obesa, C. filoplumosa, Macrocythere rostrata, and Paradoxostoma cuneata.
A DEEP SEA BACTERIOLOGICAL WATER BOTTLE
Authors: YOUNG O. C. , FINN D. B. , BEDFORD R. H.
Published: April 2011

A metal water bottle acting on the principle of a piston in a water tight cylinder has been devised as a simple, strong, and easily operated apparatus for taking water samples for bacteriological purposes at any depth without the danger of contamination by the upper layers of the sea.
BIOLOGICAL AND OCEANOGRAPHIC CONDITIONS IN HUDSON BAY: 4. HUDSON BAY COPEPOD PLANKTON
Authors: WILLEY A.
Published: April 2011

The comparative poverty of the micro-crustacean plankton in general and the absence of Temora longicornis in particular may afford a partial biological explanation of the paucity of fish-life in Hudson bay. The plankton as a whole is of a mixed arctic and boreal type.
NOTE ON THE UREA CONTENT OF THE GASTRIC JUICE IN THE SKATE
Authors: BABKIN B. P. , KOMAROV S. A.
Published: April 2011

Urea in concentration of about 1% is excreted with the gastric juice in the stomach of Raja diaphanes.
THE SPECTRAL ABSORPTION OF LIGHT BY PURE WATER AND BAY OF FUNDY WATER
Authors: SAWYER WILLIAM REGINALD
Published: April 2011

The spectral absorption of light (350–650 mμ) by pure water and bay of Fundy water was determined by means of a quartz spectrograph, Nicol prisms, and tubes of water of varying lengths up to 5 metres. The sun at noon on clear days was used as the source of radiation, its constancy being checked by means of a pyrheliometer. The tubes and spectrograph were placed in an equatorial mounting and the radiation from the sun controlled by a heliostat mirror. The results in the visible for distilled water agree with those of other workers. There appears to be a surprising difference in the absorption of ultra-violet between distilled water and natural waters. Less than 0.5 per cent of the near ultra-violet was transmitted by 1 metre of one of the samples of sea-water. A number of applications of the above method have been suggested.
THE VIABILITY OF THE BACTERIUM PSEUDOMONAS FLUORESCENS IN AQUEOUS SOLUTIONS OF FORMALDEHYDE
Authors: BEDFORD ROBERT H.
Published: April 2011

It was found that a 1% solution by volume killed 2000 million bacteria in a distilled water suspension at 25° in 10 minutes, but when the suspension was made with tap water containing 3 mg. of total solids the time was increased to 15 minutes, and only 425 millions were killed in 20 minutes when the suspension was made with bilge water containing 0.86% organic matter.When the temperature was lowered the lethal effect was reduced so that a 2.5% solution which killed 2000 millions in 15 minutes at 25° only killed 125 millions at 4°.Ice was sterilized under commercial conditions with 5 parts of formaldehyde to 100,000 parts of water.
FISH GLUE FROM FISH WASTE: I. PREPARATION BY DIALYSIS
Authors: SMITH L. F.
Published: April 2011

The waste effluent liquors of plants engaged in the manufacture of fish meal from fish waste contain glue. The purification of these liquors to make glue involves the separation of salt and diffusible substances from the glue colloid. Simple dialysis using viscose tubing and electro-dialysis using membranes of parchment paper are effective in removing impurities and producing glue of good quality from waste liquors. Both methods can be used on an industrial scale, the dialysis process being the simpler and more efficient.
FISHES OBSERVED IN THE STRAIT OF BELLE ISLE
Authors: JEFFERS G. W.
Published: April 2011

Fishes collected at Raleigh on the Newfoundland side of the strait of Belle Isle are listed with brief notes on each. There are thirty-one species, belonging to seventeen families, the principal ones being Cottidae (4), Blenniidae (3), Gadidae (4), and Pleuronectidae (5).
MUD DEPOSITS ON GILL NETS IN THE NASS RIVER DISTRICT, BRITISH COLUMBIA
Authors: MARTIN W. H.
Published: April 2011

Mud deposits in sufficient quantity to sink nets are found to consist of glacial silt, brought down by the Nass river, precipitated when river water mixes with salt water. Marine organisms of gelatinous nature, such as jelly-fishes, killed by lowered salinity, are responsible for the adherence of the mud to the nets. The time of onset of the trouble seems determined by abundance of the organisms and extreme tidal action in mixing salt water with fresh.
BIOLOGICAL AND OCEANOGRAPHIC CONDITIONS IN HUDSON BAY 6. BRYOZOA FROM HUDSON BAY AND STRAIT
Authors: OSBURN RAYMOND C.
Published: April 2011

The Hudson bay, a great inland sea situated well to the south of the arctic circle, has its two entrances at the northern extremity, one into the Arctic ocean and the other through Hudson strait into Davis strait. As the whole region lies within the area of the most recent glaciation, its fauna must have been re-established since the recession of the glacier from northern sources. This will probably explain the fact that practically all of the species are those of Greenland and arctic America, which in turn are chiefly circumpolar in distribution.Collections made in 1897, 1904, 1927, 1928, 1929 and 1930 of bryozoan material from the northeastern part of the bay, from Hudson strait, and from the region about Port Churchill in Manitoba, show seventy-five species and well marked varieties, including two species described as new, Bugula simpliciformis and Callopora ungavensis, with one striking variety, Gemellaria loricata var. cornuta.
SOME PHYSIOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF EXTRACTIVE SUBSTANCES IN SKATE'S SKIN
Authors: MACKAY-SAWYER MARGARET E. , KOMAROV S. A.
Published: April 2011

Some of the crystalloid organic constituents of skate's skin on intravenous injection produced a definite effect on the circulation in the skate. Active substances were found among the nitrogenous bases of the histidine-arginine and lysine fractions. Those in the former group showed a histamine-like action on human skin; those in the latter gave a choline-like effect on the circulation in the skate.
THE HYDROLYSIS OF THE BODY OIL OF THE SALMON
Authors: BROCKLESBY H. N.
Published: April 2011

An investigation of the hydrolysis of the body oil of the salmon shows that (a) hydrolysis proceeds quite rapidly after the death of the fish, (b) the oils from fresh fish may contain slight traces of free fatty acids, (c) the "retorting" process used in canning the fish increases the acidity of the oils, the increase being proportional to time, (d) the preliminary steaming or "exhausting" process given canned salmon does not totally destroy the enzymes present in the flesh, (e) hydrolysis proceeds at a fairly rapid rate in salmon in cold storage and (f) ammonia present in the air of cold storage rooms may neutralize the free fatty acids in the oil. A method for the detection of staleness in canned salmon is proposed and the relation of hydrolysis of the oil to the keeping qualities of stored salmon pointed out.
NEMATODE PARASITES FROM CANADIAN MARINE AND FRESH-WATER FISHES
Authors: SMEDLEY ENID MARY
Published: April 2011

A summary is given of the general methods of nematode technique, with a new method of preparing material for sectioning, and a new triple-stain process. Philonema oncorhynchi Kuitunen-Ekbaum is described, also the following new species: Raphidascaris canadensis from Esox lucius, Cucullanus elongatus from Ophiodon elongatus, Bulbodacnitis occidentalis from Salmo kamloops; the occurrence of Cystidicola stigmatura from Coregonus clupeaformis throughout western Canada is mentioned, with a note on the anatomy of the male.
CALCULATIONS IN THE INVESTIGATION OF OILS AND FATS WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO FISH OILS: PART I
Authors: CHARNLEY F.
Published: April 2011

Equations relating total iodine values and equivalents of mixtures of esters of the fatty acids to those of the individual esters are given. Together with a knowledge of the percentages of saturated esters these equations enable the composition of simple mixtures (refractionations of the lower-boiling fractions) to be deduced from the iodine values and equivalents. In the case of the more highly unsaturated fractions where the data are not sufficient to lead to an estimate of the amounts of the individual esters in the mixture, a partial solution has been given by grouping the esters according to carbon content and calculating the average unsaturations of these groups. The computations are illustrated with data taken from a paper by Guha, Hilditch and Lovern, the results being expressed in percentages by weight, but for the sake of completeness the method of calculating molecular percentages is also illustrated. Also a method of correcting the data of the lower-boiling fractions is suggested and by means of actual data the effect of errors in the data on the estimated composition of a fraction is shown.
Tidal Mixing in an Estuary
Authors: Hachey H. B.
Published: April 2011

Large scale mixing in the region of the tidal reversing falls of the Saint John river water with salt bay of Fundy water gives light mixed water traceable during spring freshets as far as Grand Manan. This water when moving out may cause renewal of the bay of Fundy waters, at a rate of over 4,000,000 cu. ft./sec. (over 97,000,000 litres/sec).
Lobster Tagging in the Gulf of St. Lawrence
Authors: Templeman W.
Published: April 2011

An individual lobster may occasionally move several kilometres in one day, yet the resultant of all the movements of a group of lobsters during the year is an average removal of only about 8 kilometres from their point of liberation. An occasional lobster, however, may have wandered 30 to 40 kilometres away during this time. The lobsters scatter equally in both directions along shore. Females apparently wander further than males. The intensity of fishing is very high in the areas examined, probably about 40 per cent of the larger lobsters being caught during a two month fishing season.
The Life-History and Morphology of Chironomus hyperboreus
Authors: Rempel J. G.
Published: April 2011

In lakes of Saskatchewan adults emerge in late May and early June. Eggs, deposited over lake surface, sink to bottom. Larvae in soft bottom ooze (10–20 m. depth) grow rapidly in late summer, but little during rest of year. Four larval instars and two-year life-cycle. Larva and pupa described and additions made to Staeger's description of adult.
A Shell Disease in Lobsters (Homarus americanus) Caused by Chitinovorous Bacteria
Authors: Hess Ernest
Published: April 2011

Chitinovorous bacteria have been isolated from lobsters (Homarus americanus) showing a peculiar shell disease. Cases are reported (1936) from ten widely separated localities in Cape Breton, Prince Edward Island and Magdalen islands. A regular epidemic occurred in a lobster pound at Yarmouth, N.S.

All isolated strains attack strips of purified chitin in Benecke's saline medium in a characteristic manner.
Physical and Chemical Characteristics of Cultus Lake, British Columbia.
Authors: Ricker William E.
Published: April 2011

Cultus lake is a rather small, fairly deep, clear lake of the western Cascade mountains, and is the home of one of the populations of Fraser river sockeye. The equable climate of the region is reflected in the low annual heat budget of the lake and its normal lack of an ice cover in winter, with continued complete or partial circulation of its water throughout that season. Judged by the low degree of hypolimnial oxygen consumption in summer, the lake is to be classed as distinctly oligotrophic. The oxygen content at all depths and seasons is sufficient for the respiration of salmonoid fishes. The water is moderately hard and slightly alkaline. Quantities of dissolved nitrates and phosphates in the water appear to be of the order characteristic of oligotrophic lakes. Silicates are present much in excess of the requirements of the lake's diatom populations. The number of adult sockeye returning to the lake in normal years is insufficient to add to its supply of nutritive salts in significant amount.

Temperature observations and oxygen determinations, taken at frequent intervals for several years, have contributed to the knowledge of certain questions of general limnological interest. Such include (1) the manner in which the hypolimnion of a lake is warmed in summer; (2) the classification of the seasonal circulation periods in temperate lakes; and (3) the oxygen content of a lake at the close of vernal circulation, and its use as a standard from which to measure oxygen consumption throughout the summer.
Sexual Dimorphism in Vertebral Number in the Capelin Mallotus villosus (Muller)
Authors: Hart John Lawson
Published: April 2011

Vertebral counts of capelin spawning in autumn on Vancouver Island were: males 65.65, females 65.13. Differing significantly, these demonstrate sexual dimorphism of a type rare among fishes. The sexual difference is not primarily associated with length, although there is some relationship between length and vertebral number among females. The high degree of sexual specialization in the fins is limited to size and integument and does not include meristic features.
Seasonal and Annual Variations in Quantity of Pelagic Net Plankton, Cultus Lake, British Columbia
Authors: Ricker William E.
Published: April 2011

Intermittently over a 13 year period the net plankton of Cultus lake has been sampled, at a central representative station. Net plankton was not particularly rich in common species. Of the entomostracans important as fish food, only four occurred. Seasonal distribution of the various species is of two principal kinds: unimodal, with one peak of abundance in late spring or summer—various green algae, Protozoa, Rotatoria, Cladocera and Epischura; and bimodal with peaks in early spring and in autumn—diatoms, mostly Rotatoria and Cyclops. Among bimodal species the spring maximum is ordinarily the greater. Marked differences in abundance of a plankter occur from year to year and affect both the maximal numbers attained and duration of time of proliferation. The available data do not show these annual changes to be cyclic and no definite correlation with environmental conditions has been made. The total nitrogen content of net plankton varied from 2 to 10 mg. per l. in 1932, the dry weight from 30 to 210 mg.
Fish Oils: VIII. The Approximate Composition of the Fatty Acids c the Oil of Pilchards (Sardinops caerulea)
Authors: Brocklesby H. N. , Harding K. F.
Published: April 2011

Pilchard oil contains approximately 23% saturated fatty acids and over 15% highly unsaturated C24 acids. Unsaturated C16, C18, C20 and C24 acids are also present in considerable amount.
Effectiveness of Ice containing Sodium Nitrite for Fish Preservation
Authors: Tarr H. L. A. , Sunderland P. A.
Published: April 2011

Bacterial spoilage of dressed halibut, pink salmon and black cod is markedly inhibited by icing with crushed ice containing small amounts (0.1 or 0.5 per cent) of sodium nitrite instead of ordinary ice, as demonstrated by bacteriological examination and organoleptic tests, including appearance (halibut excepted), odour and taste. Halibut becomes a marked yellow on the ventral (white) surface. Sodium nitrite ice preserves fish much more efficiently than benzoic acid ice.
Le Poisson Frais: II. Le Rôle du pH sur le Développement des Bactéries
Authors: Nadeau Aristide
Published: April 2011

not available
Studies of Fish Spoilage: IX. Changes in Buffering Capacity of Cod Muscle Press Juice
Authors: Collins V. K. , Kuchel C. C. , Beatty S. A.
Published: April 2011

Cod muscle press juice during storage shows a decrease and later an increase in buffering capacity, both due to bacterial action. Reduction of trimethylamine oxide causes the decrease, and oxidation of lactic acid to acetic acid slightly lessens the effect. The increase is possibly entirely due to hydrolysis of protein by bacteria. Since the decrease occurs during the onset of spoilage, the buffering capacity gives useful data as to the state of preservation.
Relative Activities of Free and Esterified Vitamin D
Authors: Bailey B. E.
Published: April 2011

The saponification of fish liver oils may increase the activity of the vitamin D. In some cases the increases reached 100 per cent. That the increases were due to different activities of the esterified and free forms of the vitamin was demonstrated by a sample of vitamin D2 palmitate undergoing a 250 per cent increase in activity upon saponification. Halibut liver oils showed anomalous behaviour in this respect, saponification resulting in either increased or unaltered activity, depending on the previous history of the material.
Reduction of Trimethylamine Oxide by Bacteria: 1. The Enterobacteriaceae
Authors: Wood A. J. , Baird Elizabeth A.
Published: April 2011

The action of the bacteria included in the family Enterobacteriaceae on trimethylamine oxide has been studied. It has been found that trimethylamine production from trimethylamine oxide is characteristic of all the tribes of this family (650 cultures representing 74 species). The only exceptions have been within the genera Shigella and Erwinia. S. dysenteriae and S. paradysenteriae are unable to produce trimethylamine under the conditions used in the present work. Eight out of seventeen unidentified species of the genus Erwinia were likewise inactive.
The State of the West Greenland Current up to 1944
Authors: Dunbar M. J.
Published: April 2011

Temperature records from the mouth of Godthaab fjord, west Greenland, during 1942–1944, show a cooling of the water over these three years, particularly marked in the first half of the year. The temperature history of the west Greenland current is traced by means of available records since 1883. It is found that warmer conditions existed during the decade of 1880, followed by a colder period up to about 1920, when the present warm period began. The peak of the present warm period appears to have been reached in the middle 1930's, and it is possible that the cycle is about to return to colder conditions, with a weakening of the Atlantic component of the current.
Silver Electrodes for Sterilizing Sea-water
Authors: Castell C. H. , Ellis D. G. , Anderson G. W.
Published: April 2011

From experimental evidence and theoretical consideration there is nothing to indicate that sea-water or saline solutions can be sterilized by means of silver ions produced by electricity from silver electrodes.
The Nutritive Value of Marine Products: XVII. Value of B-Vitamins in Fish Flesh for Growth of Young Rats
Authors: Beveridge J. M. R.
Published: April 2011

The fleshes tested as sources of the B-vitamins for the growth of young rats are listed in the order of decreasing value: pork, beef, white spring salmon, halibut, lemon sole, and lingcod. Pork flesh permitted a maximal rate of growth. The principal vitamin deficiencies found in the other fleshes are indicated in decreasing order of magnitude: beef—thiamine, riboflavin; white spring salmon—riboflavin, thiamine; halibut—riboflavin and pantothenic acid, thiamine; lemon sole and lingcod—thiamine, riboflavin, pantothenic acid.
Differentiation of Marine and Non-Marine Cultures of Pseudomonas
Authors: Castell C. H.
Published: April 2011

Cultures of Pseudomonas isolated from marine sources grew in sea water and died out in fresh water. Cultures of Pseudomonas isolated from non-marine sources died out in sea water and grew in fresh water. The addition of small amounts of peptone interfered with this inhibiting action of both sea water and fresh water.
Le Séchage Artificiel du Capelan Frais
Authors: Fougère H.
Published: April 2011

not available
Trends and Cycles in Surface Temperatures of the Canadian Atlantic
Authors: Hachey H. B. , McLellan H. J.
Published: April 2011

Temperature variations in the surface sea water at St. Andrews, N.B., indicative of variations in surface water temperatures over the main portion of the Atlantic coast of North America, have been expressed mathematically, and cycles of 3.3, 9 and 15 years are involved. It is suggested that cyclic variations in tidal forces and sun spot activity are associated with the variations in the surface water temperatures.
Bacteria Associated with Spoilage of Cod Fillets
Authors: Castell C. H. , Anderson G. W.
Published: April 2011

When sterile cod muscle was inoculated with pure cultures of bacteria and held at 3 °C., it was found that the common spoilage odours were rapidly produced by Pseudomonas, Proteus, Achromobacter and Serratia species. Micrococcus and Flavobacterium species produced milder forms of spoilage and much more slowly. Mesophilic species which rapidly decompose fish at 25 °C. produce no apparent spoilage at 3 °C. even when the initial inoculum contains a very large number of cells.
Populations of Herring along the West Coast of Vancouver Island on the Basis of Mean Vertebral Number, with a Critique of the Method.
Authors: Tester Albert L.
Published: April 2011

From analyses of 22,087 vertebral counts, embracing 12 consecutive year-classes and five contiguous areas along the west coast of Vancouver island, it is concluded that more than one population of herring is present, that each area, with the possible exception of one, has an essentially separate run, and that mixture or interchange between areas is generally limited. A significant interaction between mean counts for year-classes and areas might be interpreted as indicating mixing between areas in certain of the year-classes, thus qualifying the general conclusion. Comparison with the conclusions drawn from tagging shows essential agreement. However, the latter method of study demonstrates that mixture between areas does take place and is considerably more extensive than might be anticipated by the term "limited". Furthermore, it reveals that mixture of fish from different areas takes place within the school, i.e., within the sampling unit, and therefore cannot be demonstrated by analyses of mean vertebral counts.
Nitrite-Reducing Bacteria on Cod Fillets
Authors: Castell C. H.
Published: April 2011

Nitrite-reducing bacteria are present on fresh cod fillets; the proportion increases during storage and they shortly become the predominating flora.Nitrite-reducing bacteria decrease the retarding action that small amounts of nitrite have on the bacterial reduction of trimethylamine oxide.
Further Studies on the Bacteriological Reduction of Nitrite in Fish During Spoilage
Authors: Dyer W. J. , Castell C. H.
Published: April 2011

The reduction of added nitrite in stored cod fillets is due to bacterial agencies. There are two mechanisms of nitrite reduction, the first inhibiting bacterial growth in acid media, and the second inhibiting trimethylamine oxide reduction in neutral solution. The effect of several levels of nitrite concentration on spoilage in fillets stored at 3 °C. as measured organoleptically and by spoilage tests was determined.
Bacteriological Peptones from Fish Flesh
Authors: Tarr H. L. A. , Deas Catherine P.
Published: April 2011

Peptones were prepared from fish flesh by hydrolysis with (1) tryptic or peptic enzymes derived from fish digestive tracts, (2) inorganic acids followed by neutralization of the reaction mixture with an ion exchange resin, calcium hydroxide or barium hydroxide, and (3) sodium hydroxide followed by neutralization with an ion exchange resin. It was found that only those peptones which were prepared by enzyme hydrolysis consistently supported good growth of six Streptococcus haemolyticus cultures and of one Clostridium botulinum type E culture, and that these peptones were generally superior to three commercial peptones in supporting growth of the haemolytic streptococci.
Amines in Fish Muscle.: IV. Spoilage in Freshly Cut Cod Fillets
Authors: Dyer W. J. , Dyer F. E.
Published: April 2011

The bacterial load on the surface of gutted cod is removed during filleting. Therefore the contamination of the fillet, and presumably its storage life, is determined by the sanitary conditions of the filleting operation. The storage period of the round fish has little relationship to the keeping quality of the fillet.
Proteins in Fish Muscle.: III. Denaturation of Myosin by Freezing
Authors: Snow J. M.
Published: April 2011

The myosin fraction of fish muscle is isolated from the other proteins and is used in a study of denaturation by freezing as determined by solubility changes. The effects of the physical state of the protein, the rate of freezing, and the hydrogen ion concentration have been determined. Ions and salts showed a significant effect when the freezing temperature was lower than the cryohydric points of the salts.
The Physical Limnology of Lakelse Lake, British Columbia
Authors: Brett J. R.
Published: April 2011

Lakelse lake is a temperate, eutrophic lake situated on the eastern margin of the Coast Range mountains. For five years physical and chemical studies of this lake have been conducted as part of the Skeena River Salmon Investigation. Its area of 5.2 square miles (14.2 sq. km.) and mean depth of 24 feet (7.9 m.) provide a relatively small volume of water which is subject to considerable circulation from heavy winds sweeping in from the Pacific coast. Summer thermal stratification is varied and irregular, resulting in a proportionately large and unstable epilimnion. Except for a single bottom depression, oxygen concentrations remain at a high level throughout the year.During four months of the year the lake is ice covered. Large snow and ice fields provide an excellent reservoir for stream flow.Among the Skeena river lakes Lakelse is one of the most productive of sockeye salmon. Their survival does not appear to be limited directly by physical or chemical factors.
The Value of Temperatures Close to Freezing on the Storage of Fish
Authors: Castell C. H. , MacCallum W. A.
Published: April 2011

It was observed that a reduction in storage temperature from 2.8 °C. to − 0.3 °C. approximately doubled the keeping time for haddock and cod fillets as judged by the development of trimethylamine. This reduction of 3° in the region of the freezing point added to the keeping time of commercial fillets approximately the same number of days as a reduction of 22° (from 25 °C. to 2.8 °C.) at a higher temperature range.Somewhat similar results were obtained by reducing the storage temperature of whole, gutted codfish.
A Study of the Skeena River Climatological Conditions with Particular Reference to their Significance in Sockeye Production
Authors: Brett J. R.
Published: April 2011

From an analysis of climatological conditions in the Skeena river watershed no climatic variations or cyclic trends which might account for a declining sockeye fishery have been detected.Most of the area in which sockeye spawn has an annual rainfall of less than 20 inches. A significant relation between sockeye production and rainfall in the spawning months of August and September was apparent for the years 1920 to 1934. While successful prediction cannot be anticipated, conservation through stream-level control is supported.
Lamprey Marks on Whales
Authors: Pike Gordon C.
Published: April 2011

Examination of 237 whales caught off the northwest coast of Vancouver Island, British Columbia, during the summer of 1950 revealed characteristic oval-shaped scars similar to those found on whales from other parts of the world. Some of these scars plainly show tooth marks which demonstrate that they were made by parasitic lampreys. Scars made by Entosphenus tridentatus were found on finback, humpback, sei, and sperm whales. Open pits in the blubber are interpreted as healing stages which succeed the lamprey attacks.
The Food and Growth of the Maskinonge (Esox masquinongy Mitchill) in Canadian Waters
Authors: Hourston Alan S.
Published: April 2011

Maskinonge from three regions were studied: the Lake of the Woods district in Ontario (called Western); the Kawartha Lakes and Georgian Bay district in Ontario (Central) and the St. Lawrence River district in Quebec (Eastern). Examination of 202 stomachs, 81 containing food, showed the maskinonge to be a general carnivore, preying mainly on fish over 150 mm. in length. The families Percidae, Catostomidae, Ameiuridae, Centrarchidae, Hiodontidae, Esocidae and Cyprinidae were represented, along with at least one Cambarus. The yellow perch, Perca flavescens, was the species eaten most frequently in all three regions. A common white sucker (Catostomus commersonnii) was found in a stomach of the hybrid E. masquinongy × E. lucius. Examination of the teeth of each specimen showed that they were being continuously replaced throughout the summer season.Rate of growth varied with sex and locality. Females had a significantly faster rate of growth, both in length and in weight, than did males. Maskinonge from the Western Region were shorter and weighed less than fish of the same age from the other two regions. Maskinonge of the Eastern and Central Regions reached the legal size of 30 inches fork length during their fifth summer, but in the Western Region they did not attain this size until their seventh summer. The length-weight relationship appears to be the same in the Eastern and Central Regions, whereas maskinonge from the Western Region tended to be heavier than those of comparable lengths from the other two regions. In all regions the length-weight relationship was a straight line when plotted logarithmically, its slope being estimated as 3.26 in the Eastern Region. Sexual maturity occurs first between the ages of three and six years, or about 575 to 800 mm. fork length. Specimens of a E. masquinongy × E. lucius hybrid appeared to be infertile. They did not differ from the maskinonge specimens in their length-weight relationships but made faster growth than did the maskinonge from the same region.
Station List of the "Calanus" Expeditions, 1947–50
Authors: Dunbar M. J. , Grainger E. H.
Published: April 2011

A list is given of 167 stations where biological or oceanographic observations or collections were made, in Ungava Bay and adjacent waters.
Current Measurements in the Grand Manan Channel
Authors: MacGregor D. G. , McLellan H. J.
Published: April 2011

Currents at a series of stations across the north and the south entrances of the Grand Manan Channel and across a section in its northern approaches have been measured during complete tidal cycles. The features of the flow observed during each series have been described. The principal flow is along the axis of the channel. Stronger currents on the ebb tide indicate a dominant flow towards the south.
The Water Transfer in Codfish Muscle Immersed in Sodium Chloride Solutions
Authors: Fougère H.
Published: April 2011

Codfish muscle will imbibe water as long as the average concentration of the brine within the tissue does not exceed approximately 10 per cent. Beyond this concentration it loses water.
A Winter Incursion of Slope Water on the Scotian Shelf
Authors: Hachey H. B.
Published: April 2011

A sub-surface incursion of slope water, of temperatures as high as 12.0 °C., over an area in the vicinity of the submarine channel entering the Scotian Gulf, took place in the winter of 1949. This is the first occasion on the Scotian Shelf where the slope water of such temperatures has been observed north of the edge of the continental shelf.
A Collection of Oceanic Fishes from off Northeastern Japan
Authors: Mead Giles W. , Taylor F. H. C.
Published: April 2011

not available
The Ultraviolet Spectrum and Basicity of "Acid-Soluble" Chitin
Authors: Zimmerman Jr. Howard K.
Published: April 2011

The spectrum of the acid-soluble fraction of chitin is determined in dilute hydrochloric acid. It is found that the chitin forms a proton adduct whose equilibrium constant is approximately calculated from the spectral data.The constant for the proton adduct is carefully determined by a titration method, and its relation to some of the structural features of the molecule is indicated.
Station List of the Calanus Expeditions, 1951–52, together with Frobisher Bay Stations, 1948, 1950 and 1951, and Resolution Island Stations, 1950
Authors: Grainger E. H.
Published: April 2011

A list is given of 61 stations where biological or oceanographic observations or collections were made by the Calanus in Ungava Bay, Frobisher Bay, Cumberland Sound and adjacent waters, during the 1951 and 1952 seasons. Five additional stations, occupied independently from the Calanus in Frobisher Bay in 1948, 1950 and 1951, and at Resolution Island in 1950, are included.
List of the Parasites Recorded from Sea Mammals Caught off the West Coast of North America
Authors: Margolis L.
Published: April 2011

A parasite-host list and host-parasite list, with complete references, of the ecto- and endo-parasites recorded from marine mammals of the North American west coast are presented. One trematode, 7 nematodes, 1 acanthocephalid, 1 copepod, 6 cirripedes, 5 amphipods and a lamprey are reported from 12 species of Cetacea. From 8 species of Pinnipedia, 5 trematodes, 4 cestodes, 12 nematodes, 7 acanthocephalids, 5 Acarina and 4 Anoplura are listed. A single species of Fissipedia has yielded 4 trematodes, 1 cestode, 1 nematode and 2 acanthocephalids, almost all of which have been found in Pinnipedia.
Preparation of Cod Liver Residues and Vitamin B12Concentrates
Authors: Truscott Beryl , Gage D. G. , Hoogland P. L.
Published: April 2011

As the first part of an investigation of the nutritive value of cod liver, two methods of preparation of cod liver residue were studied, as well as the effect of drum drying the residue, with and without the presence of sodium bisulphite, defatting the dried residue and extracting vitamin B12from the dried residue.It was found that Vandenheuvel's method of preparation of residue produces very good results. The fresh residue could be dried without appreciable loss of vitamin B12activity on a double drum dryer, operated with steam at 20 p.s.i.g. Sodium bisulphite afforded some protection during the drying. The most satisfactory results in defatting were obtained by extraction with dichloroethylene. Concentrates with vitamin B12activity equivalent to 2–4 micrograms per milliliter were produced by extraction of dried, defatted residue with water and evaporation in vacuo.Five different types of residue were prepared for further studies.
Distribution of Appendicularians in Relation to the Strait of Belle Isle
Authors: Udvardy Miklos D. F.
Published: April 2011

The plankton material collected by the 1923 expedition of the Canadian Fisheries Research Board was examined with regard to appendicularians (Tunicata). Their occurrence supports the thesis that these animals can serve as current indicators, as suggested by previous authors for the same waters. The distribution of the water of the Labrador current around Newfoundland is traced by the occurrence of oikopleurids, and of their separate age classes, in the hauls. The results agree with the hydrographic data of the expedition and with the distribution of other planktonic groups. Partial disintegration of live appendicularians in response to unfavourable environmental conditions was common, especially where waters of different character mix.
Relation Between Feeding and the Sexual Cycle of the Haddock
Authors: Homans R. E. S. , Vladykov V. D.
Published: April 2011

As haddock (Melanogrammus aeglifinus (Linn.)) approach the spawning period they practically cease to take food. This fast is continued throughout the spawning period. On the completion of spawning the fast is broken and the haddock feed voraciously for a few weeks regaining weight lost as a result of spawning.
Offshore Waters of the Canadian Pacific Coast
Authors: Doe L. A. E.
Published: April 2011

Four oceanographic surveys of the Pacific Ocean between the Canadian coast and Longitude 141° W. were undertaken in 1950, 1951 and 1952. The data are analysed to show the temperature, salinity and density structure, and the calculated currents. There is a surface zone about 100 to 150 metres deep in which all seasonal variations occur. This overlies a lower zone of more saline water of constant properties. The currents are weak and sinuous. It appears from these data and comparison with other work that the region lies in the divergence of the Sub-Arctic Current which divides to form the north-flowing Alaska Gyral and the south-flowing California Current. The identity and origins of the water masses are discussed.
Distribution, Age and Growth of Eastern Pacific Albacore (Thunnus alalunga Gmelin)
Authors: Partlo J. M.
Published: April 2011

Seasonal and regional variations in the abundance of albacore during the 1949, 1950 and 1951 British Columbia fishing seasons suggest that exploitable stocks occurred in increasingly northerly areas during July and August and in more southerly areas during late August, September and early October. Catches were composed of four length-groups with average lengths of 54.3, 62.9, 71.7 and 81.9 centimetres. These groups were sometimes fairly discrete, but usually overlapped broadly, so that it was necessary to plot frequency distributions on probability paper in order to choose the best points of separation.Concentric marks on the centra of vertebrae were used as indicators of the age of the fish. The relationship of body length to vertebral radius is rectilinear. There is good agreement between the estimated average length and standard deviation in length of the fish when grouped by length and when grouped by vertebral ring number. The ages indicated for the four groups are III, IV, V and VI; however the first vertebral ring is somewhat less clear than the others and if it were discounted these ages would be reduced by one year. The fish whose vertebrae were examined had almost completed a year's growth.The length-weight relationship is expressed by the formula, log W = −4.912 + 3.13 log L, where W is the weight in kilograms and L is the fork length in centimetres.
Phototactic and Pigmentary Responses of Sockeye Salmon Smolts following Injury to the Pineal Organ
Authors: Hoar William S.
Published: April 2011

Light sensitivity of the sockeye salmon smolt (Oncorhynchus nerka) is dependent upon the pineal organ as well as the eyes. Destruction of the pineal area of the brain affects the distribution of pigment in the chromatophores and the phototactic response of the fish.
Change in Bottom Temperatures on the Scotian Shelf
Authors: McLellan H. J.
Published: April 2011

A comparison of recent bottom temperatures on the Scotian Shelf with those observed in the period 1934 to 1939 shows that, in general, these temperatures have been higher by from one to three Centigrade degrees in the more recent period. The change has been due to the variation in the intermediate layer which was both colder and of greater thickness during the early period.
Note on Albumin Protein Fractions in a Sturgeon
Authors: Dingle J. R. , Dyer W. J.
Published: April 2011

The muscle of a sturgeon taken off Nova Scotia contained no trimethylamine oxide. The electrophoretic pattern of the water-soluble proteins indicates at least 10 non-dialysable components in the extract, two of which have weak positive mobilities.
The Cirripede Crustacea of the Hudson Strait Region, Canadian Eastern Arctic
Authors: Bousfield E. L.
Published: April 2011

The distribution, bathymetrical occurrence and spawning periods of three widely distributed arctic-boreal species of barnacles, Balanus balanoides, B. balanus and B. crenatus, are given from Ungava Bay, Frobisher Bay, Cumberland Sound and Hudson Strait.
Basic Productivity of Trevor Channel and Alberni Inlet from Chemical Measurements
Authors: Waldichuk Michael
Published: April 2011

Chemical properties of the waters in Trevor Channel and Alberni Inlet during late summer have been applied for an estimate of basic productivity. Based on the assumptions that the deep water in the system is renewed once per year and that the observed conditions in September represent the state of the water just before renewal, the oxygen deficit and the phosphate surplus in the deep water have been used as a measure of the organisms decomposed during the year. Oxygen depletion gives 28 g/m2 of plankton per year as carbon; phosphate liberation gives 31 g/m2. From fishery statistics it was estimated that the herring in Barkley Sound consume about one-quarter of the available plankton and all plankton feeders consume about one-half of the total. This would increase the above figures of productivity to 56 g/m2 and 62 g/m2, respectively. These values are probably a minimum annual productivity inasmuch as basic assumptions may not be completely fulfilled. Regeneration of nutrients in the surface layer, and some renewal of deep water by mixing and circulation, probably occur throughout the year.
Spoilage of Fish in the Vessels at Sea: 3. The Value of Nitrite Ice and Nitrite Dips for the Preservation of Gutted Fish in the Hold of the Vessel
Authors: Castell C. H. , Gunnarsson G. K.
Published: April 2011

Sodium nitrite, used as a 1% dip, or as a 0.1% solution made into flake ice, has been used with gutted cod and haddock in trawlers under normal fishing conditions. The dipping was more effective in preserving the fish than storing them in the ice containing nitrite. Dipping added about 4 days to the keeping time of the fish in the boats at sea.There appears to be little or no advantage in using nitrite either as a dip or in ice with fish that are properly iced and not stored longer than 6 days.
On a Collection of Polychaetous Annelids from Northern Banks Island, from the South Beaufort Sea, and from Northwest Alaska; Together with some New Records from the East Coast of Canada
Authors: Berkeley E. , Berkeley C.
Published: April 2011

Thirty-seven species of Polychaeta from the western Canadian arctic and northwest Alaska, 27 of which are new to these regions, are enumerated and discussed. Comparison is made with their records in the American arctic to the east of these regions, in the European arctic, and on the east and west coasts of North America. Six species new to the east coast of Canada are also recorded.
The Oceanography of Hebron Fjord, Labrador
Authors: Nutt David C. , Coachman Lawrence K.
Published: April 2011

Hebron Fjord, extending some 28 miles into the northeast coast of Labrador at about latitude 58° 10′ N., and having a sill at depth of 59 m. across its mouth, was visited at various periods during 1949, 1952 and 1954. The present paper deals with the oceanographic regime and physical environment in the fjord and adjacent coastal waters. Data on tides and currents, and on contributions of fresh water from precipitation run-off and ice melting are given. Oceanographic factors discussed include temperature, salinity, dissolved oxygen, inorganic phosphate, temperature–salinity relationships, and long-term trends. Ice formation as an oceanographic phenomenon is considered. Computations of thermohaline convection are made, and the effects of ice formation and exchange in determining the winter oceanographic structure are discussed. Above sill depth exchange occurs principally by horizontal movements and a flushing time of about 68 days is computed. Below sill depth exchange must involve vertical movements and occurs principally by convection in winter. Calculations of the A factors of eddy conductivity and eddy diffusivity are made. Dynamic computations of water transport are given. During winter a water temperature of −1.75 °C. exists at all levels in the fjord, rising in summer only to −1.68° at 250 m. and −1.00° at 100 m., causing the bottom waters to remain an isolated pocket of high Arctic environment during the summer and fall seasons as contrasted with the disappearance of negative temperatures down to 120 m. by mid-October outside the fjord. Inorganic phosphate increases with depth; photosynthesis maintains oxygen at super-saturation above 30 m. during summer, and the rate of oxygen consumption and renewal by vertical transport below 80 m. is calculated.
Processing of Cod and Haddock Viscera: 1. Laboratory Experiments
Authors: Freeman H. C. , Hoogland P. L.
Published: April 2011

Annually, large amounts of cod and haddock viscera (minus livers) are discarded by the fishing industry. The chemical composition of this offal makes it a possible raw material for production of additives to animal feeds. Various processes that would lead to a method of production of such preparations were investigated. Autolysis of fresh viscera in the presence of sodium nitrite as a preservative was found most attractive. Optimum conditions for this process were established and various methods of drying these autolysates were investigated.