bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
المركز القانوني لكيانات الذكاء الاصطناعي
Authors: العبد رضا
Published: August 2023

مما لا شك فيه أن الروبوتات، تلك الثورة التكنولوجية، ستؤدي بالضرورة وحتماً إلى إعادة النظر في المفاهيم والفئات القانونية الأساسية، وهذا من خلال إيجاد وتحديد خصائصها في ظل الطبقات الزمنية غير المُتماسكة والمُؤرخة. وللقيام بذلك، سيكون من الضروري العودة إلى " المعنى الأول الأساسي للمفاهيم والفئات sens premier des notions et catégories " حتى نتمكن من تطبيقها على البيئة التي شكلتها الروبوتات، ولاسيما الروبوتات الذكاء . وبهذه الطريقة ، سيكون من المُمكن مُلاحظة " أهميتها ومدى ارتباطها pertinence  " و"فائدتها utilité  " و"قدرتها على التطور capacité d’évolution  ".

لا شك أن التكنولوجيا الحديثة واستخداماتها المتطورة، لاسيما في القرن الحادي والعشرين عن طريق الإنترنت على وجه الخصوص، تُعتبر عابرة للحدود، ولذا فإنها تثير التساؤلات بشأن العديد من الحدود القانونية. ويُمكن للتكنولوجيا أن تؤدي إلى إفساد جميع التقسيمات والفروق الكلاسيكية التقليدية، القانون الوطني المحلي، القانون الأوروبي، والقانون الدولي، والقانون الخاص، والقانون العام، لأنها أصبحت فروق وتقسيمات غير مُبررة بشكل متزايد وهذا بحُكم تكاملها من أجل وضع قانون يتكيف ويتوافق مع تلك التكنولوجيا. إن الروبوتات، من خلال تطوير الذكاء الاصطناعي، تفتح اليوم مجالات وآفاق جديدة للتفكير القانوني، في " نظرية المعرفة للقانون، والقانون المُقارن، والتعاون الموضوعي أو الجماعي بروح الفريق مع العلماء ومُطوري التكنولوجيا promoteurs des technologies " التي يتعين تناولها والتركيز عليها من أجل الاستجابة بشكل أفضل للإشكاليات التي سيثيرها الذكاء الاصطناعي في المُستقبل القريب جداً.

في الختام ، فإن نتيجة التفكير القانوني، فيما يتعلق بالروبوتات الذكية، ستكمن في  إنشاء نظام خاص وميثاق أخلاقي، قادرين على ربط التخصصات القانونية المُختلفة، من أجل ترسيخ وجود الروبوتات تماماً في القانون الوضعي droit positif.
AI on Learning English: Application, Benefit, and Threat
Authors: Rukiati Enik , Wicaksono Julien Arief , Taufan Gullit Tornado , Suharsono Degita Danur
Published: August 2023

The use of artificial intelligence (AI) in English Language Teaching (ELT) can be seen as both a benefit and a potential threat, depending on how it is used and implemented. On the one hand, AI technology has the potential to make language learning more efficient and effective, by providing personalized feedback and practice exercises tailored to the different student’s needs and learning style. By conducting an in-depth analysis of the existing literature on this topic, the writers aim at gaining a deeper understanding of the ways in which AI is being used to enhance the learning of English as a foreign language. Moreover, the literature review has involved an extensive search, mostly, for relevant scholarly articles, books, and additional sources that explore the intersection of AI and ELT. Besides, this review has also resulted a deeper understanding of the benefits and threats of using AI in ELT.
Mechanisms used by plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria to boost plant growth - A Review
Authors: Umar Amirul H. Muhammad , Zakry Fitri A. A. , Rahman Mohammad Fitri A. , Sazali Muhammad I. N. H. Mohammad , Kundat Franklin Ragai , Malahubban Masnindah , Yusoff Martini Mohammad , Sajili Mohammad Hailmi
Published: August 2023

Several decades after the green revolution, the agricultural industry depended on artificial chemical fertilisers to achieve higher crop yields. This practice, however, contributes to a hazardous impact on the farming ecosystem, causing a smaller deposit of arable land for crop cultivation and production worldwide. Since the 2000s, people, industries, and governments are aware that it is time for everyone to shift to new technology which promotes responsible land use for agriculture. One of the technologies is plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria to enhance crop productivity and potentially rehabilitate soil health directly or indirectly. This review paper outlines the mechanisms used by plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria to promote plant growth. The tools could be opening up new ideas to address one of the recent and urgent world agriculture issues, food security.
ONE-TIME INTEGRATING DC ELECTRIC DRIVE SYSTEM FOR LAUNCHING A HELICOPTER GAS TURBINE ENGINE
Authors:   Chernihiv Polytechnic National University, Denisov Yuriі , Bolotov Gennady ,   Chernihiv Polytechnic National University, Kuts Yevhenii ,   Chernihiv Polytechnic National University
Published: August 2023

The purpose of this work is to develop a system for starting a gas turbine engine (GTE) of a helicopter, which implements interconnected control of the parameters of the current consumed from the on-board battery and the process of setting the speed by means of a valuer, which allows to optimize the dynamic characteristics of the system and increase the time spent on the energy resource of the battery. The goal was achieved in a double-circuit single-integrating electric drive system, which is astatic in current and static in speed, which corresponds to the requirements for the launch system of the GTE helicopter. As a result of the analysis of the transient characteristics of the system by current, the conditions for the existence of aperiodic, boundary, oscillatory modes, as well as the regularities of changes in the derivative current in these modes, are obtained. The magnitude of astatism by velocity and its relationship with the pattern of change in the output voltage of the velocity setter have been established. As a result of the analysis of the patterns of change in the derivative current, its minimum values for various setting parameters of the proportional regulator of the speed circuit at the time intervals of the transient characteristic have been established. It is proposed to form a transient characteristic of the electric drive system by current in three modes. Its initial section must be formed in the boundary mode, the next -in a weakly oscillatory mode. The third section should correspond to the adjustment of the regulator to a modular optimum. For the practical implementation of the proposed principle of forming the transition characteristic of the electric drive system, it is necessary to include a proportional regulator with a relay law of changing the setting parameter in the speed circuit. An analysis of the transient characteristic for current is carried out, taking into account the discrete nature of the change in the setting of the speed circuit regulator. Its comparison withthe transitional characteristic corresponding to the optimum modulo is carried out. It is established that the transient characteristicof the electric drive system with a relay regulator of the speed circuit differs from the transition characteristic tuned to the modular optimum, the absence of overregulation and smaller differences of the derivative at the interval of its existence. Thepresence of a speed specifier that allows you to stabilize the dynamic current of the electric motor and the low drops of itsderivative during the start-up of the GTE create conditions for a longer consumption of the limited energy resource of the on-board battery of the helicopter.
Arterial enhancement on triphasic computed tomography scan predicts response of colorectal liver metastases to chemoembolization: A case–control study
Authors: Wall Chris , Amiraslany Afsoun , Ahmed Shahid , Moser Michael
Published: August 2023

Objectives:

The arterial enhancement fraction (AEF), a simple calculation based on a standard triple-phase computed tomography (CT) scan, has been shown to predict treatment response in radioembolization of colorectal liver metastases (CRLM). The current study aims to determine if arterial enhancement also predicts treatment response in transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) of CRLM, which uses a larger particle size and exerts an ischemic effect.

Materials and Methods:

A retrospective analysis of our experience with TACE for CRLM between 2013 and 2022 yielded 97 TACE treatments for CRLM. The study included the first TACE treatment patients having a triple-phase CT scan before and after TACE, yielding 62 tumors treated with TACE of irinotecan drug-eluting beads in 36 patients. Tumors with complete response or partial response based on CT-based modified RECIST criteria were considered to be “responders,” whereas tumors that had progressive disease or stable disease were considered to be “non-responders.”

Results:

The responders differed from the non-responders in terms of arterial phase enhancement (APhE) (9.5 [interquartile range, IQR 6, 17] vs. 2 [IQR 1, 5] Hounsfield units [HUs], P < 0.001) and AEF (0.7 [IQR 0.5, 1] vs. 0.3 [IQR 0.1, 1], P = 0.01), both validated measures of hepatic arterial perfusion. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis yielded a 5.5 HU cutoff for APhE. Those tumors with APhE >5.5 HU had a response rate of 72%, whereas those <5.5 HU had a response rate of 21%. Median overall survival for patients with tumors having APhE >5.5 HU was 22.4 months (IQR 13, 32) versus 14.5 months (IQR 10, 19) for those with APhE ≤5.5 HU, but this did not achieve statistical significance (P = 0.14).

Conclusion:

CRLM with greater hepatic arterial blood supply as measured by the APhE and AEF have a higher probability of TACE treatment response.
USAGE OF LANGUAGE CORPUSES IN STUDYING WORD FORMATION OF MODERN AMERICAN ENGLISH DIALECTS
Authors: Vukolova Kateryna
Published: August 2023

The article deals with the principles of using the concepts of corpus linguistics in studying American English dialects.  The origins of corpus linguistics of American English dialects are considered, and developments in corpus linguistics by W. Francis and G. Kuchera are investigated (Brown Corpus, 1964).  The concept of «corpus linguistics» is defined, and some problematic aspects are described. The qualifications for using the corpus-linguistic approach in the study of dialect grammatical features of American English are defined. The grammatical differences between British and American English are outlined. "Spoken English" is defined as how the latter was dialectical in the United States. The American dialects and Standardized American English are distinguished. Attention is focused on comparative and legal developments in corpus linguistics of British and American English (Brown and Lancaster Corps). Discographic studies of spoken American (dialectical) are mentioned: Lancaster/IBM SEC and Corpus of Spoken American English. The peculiarities of using the International Corpus of English, which studies British and American English in philological and methodological unity, are outlined. The processes of expanding the language corpus of the American English language from 1990 till the present (through the prism of statistics from The Bank of English) are determined. The main methodological developments in the systematization of the corpus of American English from the point of view of the theory of Corpus Linguistics are indicated: software corpus; problem-parametric industry selections; text transcription; search and system work; description encoding of "preserved" dialect words and word formations.
WRITING CRITERIA AND LINGUISTIC ANALYSIS OF CONFERENCE ABSTRACTS FEATURES IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF ACADEMIC WRITING SKILLS (ON THE MATERIAL OF ENGLISH CONFERENCE ABSTRACTS)
Authors: Chepil Oksana
Published: August 2023

The article examines not only the issue of determining the list of criteria for successful writing of conference abstracts, but also views the ability to carry out a linguistic analysis of conference abstracts to ensure the development of academic writing skills. It outlines the meaning of key concepts, abstracts, and conference abstracts, known as secondary genres of scientific discourse. The article describes textual characteristics and application of rhetorical strategies in writing effective conference abstracts. The methods of content analysis and systematization have been used to determine linguistic features of the analyzed conference abstracts. Moreover, it claims on the importance of considering the established conventions of their meaningful writing not only for post-graduate students but for young scholars as well, since it is a common problem for all groups. Failing to meet the requirements, conference abstracts are to be denied by the committee board hosting the future scientific conference. Addressing this problem, experts of blind viewing suggest that it may be attributed to poor command of English, lack of knowledge of academic writing skills and of lexical and stylistic features. The results suggest that familiarizing students with the recent scientific data and methodology is crucial but not sufficient to develop their academic writing skills. Implementing the method of content analysis, the study places emphasis on examining various authentic scientific texts. Thus, the conclusion has been made about the significance of following the accepted format of writing conference abstracts and maintaining appropriate rhetoric strategies in the development of academic writing skills. Among the analyzed materials of the English-language conference abstracts, the most typical linguistic characteristics of this type of genre of academic writing were established: the use of Active Voice constructions, mainly verbs of the present indefinite tense, impersonal constructions, personal, possessive, and indicative pronouns in plural form which act as the subject, abbreviations and negative sentences are rarely used.
NATURALISTIC FEATURES IN THE WORKS OF KOSTYANTYN SROKOVSKY (ON THE MATERIAL OF THE NOVEL "TWO BRICKS")
Authors: Kolesnyk Alla
Published: August 2023

In the article, a literary analysis of the content and form of the novella "Two Bricks" by the Ukrainian writer Kostyantyn Srokovsky was carried out. The main literary techniques and tools used by naturalists in their works and their influence on the clear presentation and accuracy of information transmission about contemporary events are considered. The duration of the existence of the naturalism style in Ukrainian and European literature is determined. In the story "Two Bricks" is analyzed the writer’s image of the picture of a terrible and impressive incident from the life of ordinary Ukrainian peasants – the murder of a man's brother-in-law for two bricks that he stole from him. It was determined the writer's use of naturalistic means of image, which gave the author the opportunity to reproduce the depicted picture in accordance with real life. They are: 1) depicting the life of the characters under the influence of the physiological state of a person, as well as under the influence of environment; 2) documentary reproduction of the event, transmission of information as in a document (protocol); 3) the objectivity, or depicting reality while avoiding the author's presence; 4) photographic accuracy of the depicted events, the writer's attention to the smallest details of what happened; 5) truthful reproduction of events according to life and the emergence of factography on this basis, but at the same time recording these events without their explanation and penetrating into the essence of the happened events (the writer does not explain the reasons for the murder of the hero’s brother-in-law, but only states this event). As a result of the analysis, it is proposed to consider the Ukrainian writer Kostyantyn Srokovsky as an artist who followed the requirements of the naturalism style initiated by E. Zola in the second half of the 19th century.
DIALOGUE OF CULTURES AND ITS REALIZATION IN THE PROCESS OF TEACHING GERMAN IN UKRAINIAN HIGHER EDUCATION INSTITUTIONS
Authors: Borysenko Yurii
Published: August 2023

The article highlights general theoretical and applied aspects of the phenomenon of dialogue of cultures. The author covers the problem of conceptual identification of dialogue of cultures and cross-cultural dialogue and outlines that this phenomenon can exist in synchronic and diachronic dimensions. The author describes the characteristic features of dialogue of cultures as the interaction and influence of various historical and modern cultures. The article shows that dialogue of cultures is a complicated and multifaceted phenomenon. It emerges as philosophical concept and it functions as scientific and methodological and linguistic-methodological method in the linguistic problem field. The article emphasizes that today Ukrainian educational space is one of the platforms for cross-cultural dialogue implementation. The main vectors of the development of dialogue of cultures in German learning process are primarily related to linguistic studies and translation studies. Based on the analysis of German stable expressions, the author shows the importance of awareness of German people culture rooted in ethno-linguistic markers of phraseological units for faithful interpretation of the meaning of phraseological unit and formation of cross-cultural competence of the students. The author emphasizes the necessity to use authentic educational materials and interactive methods and forms of learning for successful implementation of dialogue of cultures as linguistic-methodological principle. The article shows the conclusion that the implementation of dialogue of cultures is the basis for the formation of cross-cultural competence of future specialists in the field of German language. The usage if this principle in the process of German language teaching enhances the students’ linguistic and cultural background and enriches them with information about the valuable priorities of the people whose language is studied and helps them master successful cross-cultural communication.
“HE GOES” MYKHAJLA KOTSIUBYNSKOGO AS A STORY ABOUT LONENESS BEFORE EVIL
Authors: Sokal’ Matvij
Published: August 2023

The article deals with the analysis and interpretation of Mykhailo Kotsiubynsky`s short story «Vin ide» («He Goes»). The analysis is focused on ways in which the researched text shows human`s solitude in the face of evil, and also on related to it biblical reminiscences and allusions. The author of the article gives rich illustrative material in order to reinforce his thoughts concerning the main ideas of Mykhailo Kotsiubynsky`s short story «Vin ide» («He Goes»). Deep understanding of the main heroes of the short story, their characters, their needs, their feelings, and their experience gives possibility for the author to develop the perspectives of their inner world. The author singled out special elements of literary description in the article and the narration, which enlarges the distance through the storing antithetical images. The author pays special attention to the parodic playful elements and the expressive role of biblical allusions is highlighted on external "universality" to the world of heroes (biblical allusions are barely visible in Yosel's image and not quite bright in the image of Abrum, biblical allusions acquire full expressiveness in the character of Esther). Analyzing the development of the actions of the main characters of the novel from the perspective of antithetical symbolism, the author of the article draws attention to the conflicts between the characters, and dwells on the characteristics of Estherka's monologue. The author of the article pays special attention to the particular heterogeneity of M. Kotsyubynskyi's work, which is often "disguised" by its consistency, to the impressionistic character of the work and to its stylistic dominance. The author of the article considers using the method of description proposed by Roman Ingarden, namely the concept of two-dimensionality and four-layeredness of the artistic text as a starting point for the study rhetorical devices in the text.
LEXICAL-SEMANTIC INNOVATIONS OF UKRAINIAN LANGUAGE UNDER THE CONDITIONS OF CURRENT WAR
Authors: Shymanska Viktoriia
Published: August 2023

The article is devoted to the study of the mechanisms of the secondary nomination of the qualitatively categorical paradigm through the prism of cognition, the choice of linguistic tools in particular, and the influence of linguistic personality in general. Issues of the bilateral relationship and mutual influence of the culture and language of the ethnic group, the formation of conceptual and linguistic pictures of world perception are considered. The article analyzes the peculiarities of the formation of lexical innovations in the modern Ukrainian language to denote different domains of the concept of "war". It traces lexical-semantic shifts influenced by the judgment of military aggression and criticism of political and war crimes committed by the aggressor country. The scientific research contains the elements of axiology since the linguistic analysis of lexical innovations makes it possible to clarify the mechanisms of verbalization of linguistic consciousness that are impelled by extralinguistic factors and realized with a vivid change of connotation (sometimes from zero) to strongly pejorative. The article emphasizes that the accelerated pace of the appearance of lexical innovations is dictated by the emotional state of native speakers. Therefore the mental basis of nomination is not limited to the laws and extralinguistic reasons for language development and is a category not only of ethnolinguistics but also of psycholinguistics and sociolinguistics, because it is formed through the prism of the cognition of an individual speaker and the whole society. Groups of innovations were identified and analyzed for the indication of the following lexical fields: „country”, „military”, „mobilized”, „politician”, „propagandist”, „weapons”, „attitude to the war”. The evident fact of the dynamics of the status and functions of the Ukrainian language lexical innovations in the conditions of the current Russian-Ukrainian war has been proven. The basis of their emergence has been determined, and the norm, the practice of using innovations, and the ways of their appearance have been outlined.
CONSTITUENTS OF THE NARRATIVE STRUCTURE OF A FRENCH LITERARY TEXT FROM THE POSITIONS OF NARATOLOGY
Authors: Mamosiuk Olena
Published: August 2023

The article is devoted to the study of the constituents of the narrative structure of French literary text from the standpoint of narratology. In our study of the peculiarities of the narrative structure of the literary text of the New Novel period, we rely on theoretical positions related to the central categories of the theory of narrative. The main attention is paid to the cognitive and communicative mechanisms of the construction of the literary narrative through such narrative constructs as the narrator, the story and its varieties, focalization. The narrator is one of the main components of the narrative structure of a literary text, as it appears as a structural and organizing element that determines the plot-compositional text structure of a literary work. The story is considered a functional category of the narrative structure of the literary text, since it realizes the function of a narrative image, the carrier of which can be equally the narrator and the character in the literary text. Focalization determines all forms of narrative presence, including the narrator, it limits the choice of narrative information in terms of what is called "authorial omniscience." The subject of focalization as the holder of the focus of vision can be the narrator or a character from whose point of view events and/or actions are presented verbally.
MISTER SHERLOCK HOLMES OR SHERLOCK? (A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF GRAMMATICAL FEATURES OF SH. HOLMES’S SPEECH PARTIES IN A.C. DOYLE’S STORY AND THE TV SHOW)
Authors: Morozova Iryna , Mkrtychan Anna
Published: August 2023

The carried-out investigation is dedicated to the analysis of Sherlock Holmes’ speech portraits as represented in the story by Arthur Conan Doyle and in the British TV show “Sherlock” from BBC (2010). The investigation touches upon the basic grammatical peculiarities of Sherlock’s speech and uncovers the changes that the literary character’s image has undergone on the level of its speech. Thus, the paper results in the conclusion about the peaking frequency of simple sentences in the TV show Sherlock’s speech on the level of sentence structure, accounted for by the necessity to simplify his speech for the viewers to grasp it easier. For the same reason, the new medium calls for shorter lineal length of Sherlock’s utterances. Though declaratives still make up the predominant communicative sentence type in Sherlock’s speech, he is twice as frequent with his interrogatives as Doyle’s old Mister Sherlock Holmes, and uses rhetorical questions even more often than special ones. Sherlock from BBC is more emotional, using exclamatory sentences and imperatives, which are often packed with verbs of motion, like go and get, or ask his interlocutors to “shut up”. Despite using the term “sociopath” about himself, Sherlock initiates communication more often in the TV show than in the book, using direct addresses. The changes in Sherlock Holmes’ speech portraits the authors attribute both to the type of medium the literary character functions in and to the diachronical changes bringing about more informal conversations and new dialogue traditions.
AUTOMATIC TEXT SUMMARIZATION: PROBLEMS AND PERSPECTIVES
Authors: Ugryn Tetiana
Published: August 2023

The present paper focusses on the automatic text summarization (AS), the analysis of linguistic problems related to it and the ways to overcome them, as well as on the perspectives of using some natural language processing computer programs. The author carries out a comparative analysis of two AS programs, MSWord2003 and Pertinence Summarizer, for literary, journalistic and scientific texts. The chosen methodology of comparative analysis allows not only to single out the peculiarities and limitations of each program, but also to make some general conclusions about the problems existing in the process of automatic summarization. The analysis of source texts and results of AS presented in the paper is focused on the correlation between the text genre and the process/result of AS. The analysis does not take into account such factors influencing the quality of summary as the length of the original text, the original language, the subject, etc. The primary hypothesis of the study was the assertion that the quality of automatic summarization of a text directly depends on the genre of this text. The obtained results made it possible to confirm this hypothesis and highlight the interdependence between the level of formalism in the text, which can be explained by its genre, and the pertinence of the summary. The conducted research showed that both AS programs are based, first of all, on morphological and, to a lesser extent, on morpho-syntaxic analysis of the source text. Furthermore, the issue of processing the implicit information available in the text, at the semantic and pragmatic level in particular, still seems unresolved. One of the possible ways to overcome this problem is the dynamic summarization of the text, which necessitates broader participation and involvement of the program user in the process of automatic summarization.
Modulated Zirconia nanotube for controlled drug release
Authors: Onyenso Gabriel , Vakamulla Raghu Swathi Naidu , Hartwich Patrick , Killian Manuela
Published: August 2023

The integration of drug delivery coating in orthopedic applications is attracting interest due to its potential to improve the success rate of implant systems. Several published reports have focused on the aspect of controlled drug release to aid in the optimization of drug delivery. Herein, we report on a novel and simple approach to extending drug release time and limiting the undesirable burst release from Zirconia nanotube (ZrNT) via structural modification. The structural modification involves fabricating a double-layered structure with a modulated diameter and is achieved via voltage adjustment during electrochemical anodization. The drug loading and release studies from the structurally modified ZrNTs, characterized via SEM and Tof-SIMS were monitored using UV-Visible spectrometry and compared with their homogenously thick equivalents. We report a significant reduction in the initial burst release phenomenon and an improvement in overall release time. The simple structural modification of ZrNT successfully enhances drug release performance, allows for flexibility in designing drug delivery coatings for specific implant challenges, and offers new insights into alternate biomaterials based on metal-oxide nanostructures.
Modular Total Synthesis of the 5/5-Spirocyclic Spiroindimicins
Authors: Banerjee Ankush , Brisco Tiffany , Ray Sneha , Datta Arani , Zhang Xiaoyu , Zhang Zhen , Busse Alexander , Niederstrasser Hanspeter , Sumida Krissty , Posner Bruce , Wetzel Dawn , Phillips Margaret , Smith Myles
Published: August 2023

Total syntheses of the 5/5-spirocyclic indoline alkaloids spiroindimicins B, C, D, E, F, and G have been achieved via a modular approach. Our route features direct coupling of halogenated pyrrolemetal and isatin partners, Suzuki coupling to append the indole unit, Lewis acid-mediated spirocyclization, and divergent functionalization to various family members. These syntheses are concise (6–7 steps from commercial materials), scalable, and highly amenable to analogue synthesis. Further studies of the antiparasitic properties of this class have revealed promising activity against T. brucei for certain congeners. Together with our prior approach to 6/5-family members, our work constitutes a synthetic solution to all known spiroindimicin natural products.
Canterbury Provincial gaols in the 1870s
Authors: McCarthy Christine
Published: August 2023

In 1874 Charles H Curtin, in a letter to the New Zealand Herald, noted the disparity between the availability of free prison labour and the building materials and the poor state of the Auckland Prison as a public building. He wrote "your wooden gaol, with a string stone wall around it, is something that I cannot make out, - so much material for making a stone gaol and free labour all at a hand." He suggests a certain illogical approach to the structures of incarceration. A patchwork nature to the prison system is also apparent in the smattering of its evidence in government reports such as the Appendix to the Journal of the House of Representatives. Rather than an image of the comprehensive or the systematic, the impression gained is one of ad hoc commissions and piecemeal reports. These were the days during which the Gaols Committee formed and Māori prisoners from Parihaka were detained without trial, but prior to the appointment of Arthur Hume, the first Inspector of Prisons (1880-1909). The abolition of the provinces also shifted the burden of responsibility back to central government, transferring the administrative paper trail. This paper examines the architecture of the New Zealand penal system early in this decade through a particular examination of gaols built by the Canterbury Provincial government.
Audit of Bank Lending Transactions Accounting when Applying International Standards
Authors: Kurnykina O. V.
Published: August 2023

One of the most important areas of verification during auditing a bank is the audit of the funds placed in loans. The purpose of the audit is to confirm the accuracy of the information in the reports. The article deals with the problems of auditing the accounting of cash loan transactions. Taking into account that one of the objectives of the audit is to confirm the reliability of data in the accounts, the change in requirements for the formation of information on loans issued in the conditions of applying international accounting standards (IFRS) has predetermined the very need to expand and change accounting policies in this matter. It should set out how and when to determine and how often the fair value at which a loan should be measured should be reassessed. The transformation in the requirements for the formation of information in the accounting of loans issued by the bank, associated with the application of international accounting standards for financial instruments, predetermined the need to expand and change the accounting policy in terms of loans issued. In particular, the loan should be measured at fair value, therefore, the accounting policy should establish the procedure and methods for determining the fair value and the frequency of its revaluation. The procedure for recognizing and accounting for income and expenses related to credit transactions has changed. The article discusses methodological recommendations for the formation of an accounting audit program and accounting policy in relation to the bank’s credit operations in the light of the requirements of international standards. The purpose of this work was to form a methodology for auditing the accounting of credit transactions. As part of the study, the author proposed appropriate methodological recommendations that can be used in the development of accounting policy provisions, methods of internal control and audit of credit operations in conditions of modification of domestic accounting and application of international accounting standards, as well as in the training of specialists in accounting, internal control and audit. In the course of research, methods such as systematic analysis and logical generalization of legislative and regulatory documents, as well as special literature dealing with the audit of credit transactions were used. The proposed methodological recommendations for audit of credit operations can be used by auditors as well as by internal control and accounting service of the bank for analysis of accounting policy and its adjustment. The results of the research can be recommended for the development of accounting policy provisions, internal control methods and audit of credit transactions, in the conditions of modification of domestic accounting and the application of international reporting standards, as well as used for training specialists in accounting, internal control and audit.
Accounting and Cost Analysis for the Functional Sphere of the Business
Authors: Vakhrushina M. A. , Panakhov A. U.
Published: August 2023

Today, there is a high demand to analyze the costs of organizations associated with and divided by enlarged functional areas such as management automation, personnel management, training, recruitment (hiring), environment and ecology, logistics, innovation, compliance, and many others. At the same time, the set of practices related to the preparation and use of functionally identified cost data is currently characterized by the problem of fragmentation and lack of consistency: the practices are mainly focused on individual management needs associated with a single functional area and are not universal. It seems important to synchronise the approaches applied to cost analysis in different functional areas and to propose a universal toolkit to systematise the existing practices of such analysis within a single area of investigation. In this regard, the subject of the study is the set of tools for structural cost analysis by functional areas. The objective of the study is to disclose and to substantiate the functional area as an applied object of cost accounting and analysis and to propose applied tools for providing functional cost area analysis synchronised with the modern management needs, as well as to develop universal approaches to their structural analysis based on the needs of modern management. As a result of the study, a systematized vision of information-analytical support for functional area management is proposed and systematised. A scheme is shown for using information on the functional area costs in the context of its components in various dimensions and levels of management. A universal structure of the analytical cost cube is proposed. A consolidated functional area cost report is proposed, with providing the detail rules how to calculate its structural indicators; the universal structure of the consolidated register of the costs grouped on functional spheres in several applied dimensions is developed; the structure of the consolidated report on costs of functional sphere with detailing of rules of calculation of included in it is presented. A system of coefficients is proposed, including the coefficient of the function burden on the enterprise economy, coefficients of the internalization (vertical integration), centralization and rootedness of the functional sphere.
Closed Doors
Authors: Gutierrez Sandra Y
Published: August 2023

A poem about the stigma imposed on female bodies. Stigma which renders women prisoners in their own bodies. A poem of empowerment in which women can begin to reclaim what belongs to them, and no one else. Poetry written through a sex positive lens.
Sips and Giggles: Alcohol, Tragedy and Ideo-Aesthetics in La sombra del Caudillo
Authors: Brejkaln Veronika
Published: August 2023

This article examines the ideo-aesthetic function of alcohol in Martín Luis Guzmán literary magnum opus La sombra del caudillo. Specifically, I read alcohol as a broader process of consumption, inebriation and affective transformation that concurrently reflects and influences individual and collective power dynamics at play. Rather than a mere object of consumption, it behaves as an active agent that participates in, ignites and transforms other processes in the text. Within the ideological domain, I focus on what the individual and collective drinking practices reveal about those who drink and how questions of gender, class and race are negotiated through literary representation. I then consider the aesthetic and symbolic function of alcohol in relation to the broader sociopolitical practice of state-building. I analyze how alcohol consumption becomes a double-edged sword with the potential to foster comradery or conflict and how its excess transforms social relations from amicable political encounters to violent confrontations. Ultimately, I argue that the ideo-aesthetic role of alcohol in La sombra del caudillo contributes to the work’s overarching theme of tragedy.
Manhood
Authors: León Maria Fernanda
Published: August 2023

Manhood is a fictional short story under 4,000 words about Fernando, a Venezuelan teenager navigating gender expectations after his father's sudden death. The story takes place in 1968 in a small town of the Andes region of Venezuela.
Evaluation of the Stunting Program at the Margototo Health Center, Lampung East District
Authors: Rahayu Ida , Musthofa Syamsulhuda Budi , Kartini Apoina
Published: August 2023

Stunting is a condition of failure to thrive in children under five due to chronic malnutrition, especially in the first 1,000 days of life. Stunting can affect brain growth and development. Children with stunting have a greater risk of suffering from chronic diseases in adulthood. This study aims to analyze the evaluation of the implementation of the stunting program at the Margototo Health Center, East Lampung Regency. This research is a program evaluation research using a mixed method (Mix Method) with a sequential explanatory design where quantitative data analysis is carried out at the initial stage, then qualitative data analysis is carried out. The program evaluation method uses the context-input-process-product (CIPP) evaluation model. Results study shows that in terms of context, the stunting program has been implemented according to the planned objectives and is right on target. In the input aspect, namely the lack of human resources in assisting, the lack of a budget that supports program implementation. In the process aspect of program implementation, there were no significant obstacles, and the process of implementing the stunting program went according to plan. In the product/output aspect, the stunting program has reached the expected target indicators, and recording and reporting have been going well. And the results of the implementation of the stunting program are shown by the results of mothers' knowledge about stunting and the attitudes of mothers who have stunted toddlers towards stunting events.
A Review of the Some Fixed Point Theorems for Different Kinds of Maps
Authors: Kalaf Bayda Atiya , Hussein Maibed Zena
Published: August 2023

The focus of this article, reviewed a generalized  of contraction mapping and nonexpansive maps and recall some theorems about the existence and uniqueness of common fixed point and coincidence fixed-point for such maps under some conditions. Moreover, some schemes of different types as one-step schemes ,two-step schemes and three step schemes (Mann scheme algorithm, Ishukawa scheme algorithm, noor scheme algorithm, .scheme algorithm,  scheme algorithm Modified  scheme algorithm arahan scheme algorithm and others. The convergence of these schemes has been studied .On the other hands, We also reviewed the convergence, valence and stability theories of different types of near-plots in convex metric space.
Considering Regional Connectivity and Policy Factors in the Simulation of Land Use Change in New Areas: A Case Study of Nansha New District, China
Authors: Zheng Zehuan , Xian Shi
Published: August 2023

Numerous emerging development areas worldwide are receiving attention; however, current research on land use change simulation primarily concentrates on cities, urban clusters, or larger scales. Moreover, there is a limited focus on understanding the impact of regional connectivity with surrounding cities and policy factors on land use change in these new areas. In this context, the present study utilizes a cellular automata (CA) model to investigate land use changes in the case of Nansha New District in Guangzhou, China. Three scenarios are examined, emphasizing conventional locational factors, policy considerations, and the influence of regional connectivity with surrounding cities. The results reveal several key findings: (1) Between 2015 and 2021, Nansha New District experienced significant land use changes, with the most notable shifts observed in cultivated land, water area, and construction land. (2) The comprehensive scenario exhibited the highest simulation accuracy, indicating that Nansha New District, as an emerging area, is notably influenced by policy factors and regional connectivity with surrounding cities. (3) Predictions for land use changes in Nansha by 2030, based on the scenario with the highest level of simulation accuracy, suggest an increase in the proportion of cultivated and forest land areas, alongside a decrease in the proportion of construction land and water area. This study contributes valuable insights to relevant studies and policymakers alike.
Kepuasan Pengunjung Terhadap Objek Wisata Pantai Wainitu Kota Ambon
Authors: Daada Santi , Lasaiba Mohammad Amin , Leuwol Ferdinand Salomo
Published: August 2023

Industri pariwisata memiliki potensi untuk menjadi andalan dalam upaya meningkatkan pendapatan devisa untuk pembangunan. Oleh karena itu, infrastruktur dan fasilitas wisata serta aksesibilitas yang memadai dapat mempengaruhi tingkat kepuasan pengunjung pada suatu lokasi wisata dan menjadi hal terpenting dalam kegiatan pengembangannya. Bertolak dari hal tersebut, penelitian ini mengkaji tentang kepuasan terhadap kondisi tempat wisata Pantai Wainitu di Kota Ambon yang dikaji secara kualitas. Sampel dalam penelitian ini diambil secara accidental sampling sebanyak 30 orang serta variabel penelitian menjabarkan indikator berupa kondisi fisik pantai, aksesibilitas, sarana dan prasarana serta layanan tambahan. Data diperoleh dari hasil observasi, wawancara, kuesioner dan dokumenter dan selanjutnya dianalisis secara deskriptif dengan mendeskripsikan atau menggambarkan data yang telah terkumpul. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa tingkat kepuasan pengunjung hampir sebagian besar menyatakan kurang baik dan cukup baik. Hal dapat diketahui dari indikator kondisi fisik sekitar 26.67% kategori kurang baik dan 13.33% kategori cukup baik. Untuk sarana dan prasarana dan layanan tambahan sekitar 33.33% kategori kurang baik, dan 50.00% kategori cukup baik. Indikator aksesibilitas sekitar 73.33% kategori kurang baik, 23.33% kategori baik. Kondisi ini disebabkan kurang memadainya sarana dan prasarana serta aksesibilitas yang tidak baik.
PELATIHAN METODE TAJDIED UNTUK PENINGKATAN MEMBACA AL-QUR’AN SISWA SD MUHAMMADIYAH PROGRAM KHUSUS KOTTABARAT
Authors: Nirwana AN Andri , Nurrohim Ahmad , Ash-Shiddiqi Ilham Jimly , Azizi Muhammad , Agus Muhammad , Lovely Tifanni , Mas’ud Ibnu , Akhyar Sayed
Published: August 2023

The Qur'an is a guide for Muslims. But how can a Muslim practice the teachings contained in the Qur'an if he can't even read it. Therefore, the ability to read the Qur'an is very urgent and must be owned by every Muslim. In this case the school takes on its role, namely by teaching to read the Qur'an to students. To facilitate the teaching and learning process to read the Qur'an, SD Muhammadiyah Program Khusus Kottabarat uses the Tajdied method which is used in the practice of reading the Qur'an. The Tajdied method is considered easy and appropriate to use in learning to read the Qur'an, because in this method there are several principles that can be applied in learning the Qur'an which are packaged with songs, and fun sentence structures, making it easier for students to learn. able to read the Qur'an in accordance with the rules of recitation. This study aims to determine the effectiveness of the Tajdied method in learning to read the Qur'an in parallel grade 1 students in the 2021/2022 academic year, at the SD Muhammadiyah Program Khusus Kottabarat. This research method uses a qualitative-descriptive approach. Collecting data through participant observation, interviews, and documentation. From this study, it can be seen that the learning outcomes of reading the Qur'an at the SD Muhammadiyah Program Khusus Kottabarat, because in the parallel 1st grade level increase test there is an increase after using the Tajdied method. Thus, it shows that the application of the tajdied method is able to provide an increase in the ability to read the Qur'an in parallel 1st grade students at the SD Muhammadiyah Program Khusus Kottabarat.
NILAI-NILAI PENDIDIKAN BERKARAKTER TOLERANSI DI DESA PEGAJAHAN KABUPATEN DELI SERDANG SUMATERA UTARA
Authors: Al Farabi Mohammad , Lestari Sri Indah , Wahdania Ali Fitrah , Farha Mazidatul
Published: August 2023

Nilai pendidikan berkarakter toleransi penting ditanamkan kepada peserta didik. Salah satu alasannya adalah karakteristik masyarakat Provinsi Sumatera Utara yang plural (beragam) mulai dari agama atau aliran kepercayaannya, suku dan adat istiadat, bahasa, keadaan sosial budaya, ekonomi, politik dan sebagainya. Penelitian ini dilakukan di Desa Pegajahan, Kab. Deli Serdang, Provinsi Sumatera Utara. Desa ini dibagi menjadi beberapa Dusun. Salah satu yang menarik dari desa ini adalah berdirinya Pura, yakni tempat beribadahnya Umat Hindu di tengah masyarakat yang mayoritasnya Muslim. Selain itu sukunya juga beragam. Di desa ini masyarakatnya ada yang bersuku Batak Simalungun, Batak Toba, Batak Karo, dan mayoritasnya bersuku Jawa. Dari keberagaman yang ada di Desa Pegajahan ini, maka penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui nilai pendidikan berkarakter toleransi di desa tersebut. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan teknik deskriptif analisis dan pendekatan lapangan. Adapun nilai pendidikan berkarakter toleransi di Desa Pegajahan adalah: (1) Mampu hidup bersama dalam setiap perbedaan yang ada; (2) Membangun saling percaya antara satu sama lain dalam kehidupan bersosial; (3) Memelihara saling pengertian bahwa setiap ajaran agama memiliki perbedaan; (4) Menjunjung tinggi sikap saling menghargai.

Kata Kunci: Nilai-Nilai Pendidikan, Toleransi, Karakter