bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Characteristics associated with buying alcohol to‐go and for delivery during the first year of the COVID‐19 pandemic among a national sample of US adults
Authors: Trangenstein Pamela J. , Karriker‐Jaffe Katherine J. , Greenfield Thomas K. , Kerr William C.
Published: May 2023

Introduction

This study: (i) determined the population coverage of alcohol delivery and to‐go/carryout policies (i.e., policies permitting bars/restaurants to sell individual drinks for off‐site consumption) in 2019 and 2020; and (ii) identified characteristics associated with alcohol delivery and to‐go purchases.

Methods

Data are from the National Alcohol Survey and Alcohol Policy Information System (n = 1677 adults, 52.1% female). Population coverage models summed state populations across state‐level bar/restaurant delivery and to‐go/carryout policies by beverage. Regression outcomes were past‐year alcohol delivery and to‐go purchases. Independent variables included demographics, excessive drinking, COVID‐19 impacts and state COVID‐19 bar/restaurant alcohol laws. Chi‐squared tests and logistic regression models tested associations between delivery/to‐go purchases and independent variables.

Results

Overall, 7.5% of adults had alcohol delivered and 14.5% bought alcohol to‐go. From December 2019 to December 2020, the number of people living in states allowing beer/wine/spirits delivery (284%) and to‐go sales (627%) rose steeply. People who were Black (vs. White; adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 2.92, p < 0.001), excessive drinkers (vs. non‐excessive drinkers; aOR 2.06, p < 0.001) or lived in states allowing beer/wine/spirits to‐go sales (aOR 2.20, p = 0.01) had higher odds of buying alcohol to‐go. Conversely, older people had lower odds of buying alcohol to‐go (aOR 0.97, p < 0.001). People with some college or more (vs. high school degree or less, aOR 2.21, p < 0.001) and a higher economic burden (vs. fewer COVID‐19 impacts, aOR 2.32, p = 0.05) had higher odds of alcohol delivery.

Discussion and Conclusions

A select sub‐population defined by socioeconomic status, race, excessive drinking and state policies bought alcohol for delivery or to‐go in the Unites States.
SABCO—An experiential learning project for introductory managerial accounting
Authors: Olson Jodi , Shannon Kimberly
Published: May 2023

This teaching brief presents a capstone project designed to provide students with a contextual understanding of introductory management accounting theories through hands‐on, experiential learning. It also exposes them to cross‐disciplinary roles from operations management. Using this capstone approach, students quickly learn to prepare financial projections, either manually or in Microsoft Excel, to secure financing for their start‐up business (Sand Art Brownie Company or SABCO) to produce and sell brownie mix during the holiday season. Students then assemble ingredients and create jars of brownie mix to gather the necessary data to evaluate initial projections and problem‐solve for future production. This role play contextualizes the elements of direct and indirect labor, fixed and variable costs, and their impact on profit and borrowing. Postproduction reflection on the manufacturing activities and discussion of actual results of operations emphasizes the improvement and decision‐making responsibilities in the management process. Feedback demonstrates that students find the exercise challenging and valuable and that it deepens their understanding of managerial accounting and its purpose in a company's management process.
Plant trait‐environment relationships in tundra are consistent across spatial scales
Authors: Rissanen Tuuli , Niittynen Pekka , Soininen Janne , Virkkala Anna‐Maria , Luoto Miska
Published: May 2023

Patterns and processes shaping ecosystems vary across spatiotemporal scales. As plant functional traits reflect ecosystem properties, investigating their relationships with environment provides an important tool to understand and predict ecosystem structure and functioning. This is particularly important in the tundra where a changing climate may trigger severe alterations in plant communities as both summer and winter conditions are changing. Here, we investigate the relationships between key environmental drivers including summer temperature, snow persistence, topographic position and soil pH, and species height, specific leaf area (SLA) and seed mass as plant traits. The study is carried out at three spatial extents in the arctic–alpine region of Fennoscandia, modelling the trait‐environment relationships at each scale to investigate whether the relationships are scale dependent. Our results show that summer temperature and snow persistence are the most important variables explaining community trait composition. Temperature is important especially to vegetation height, which increased towards higher temperatures, whereas seed mass and SLA are related to snow persistence. Seed mass decreased towards longer snow persistence, while SLA responded in scale‐dependent ways. Topographic position and soil pH affect community trait composition moderately. Overall, our study demonstrates that trait‐environment relationships in the tundra are largely consistent across spatial scales. Our findings highlight the ecological relevance of snow for all three functional traits regardless of scale, showing that snow information could be particularly important to better understand large‐scale trends in plant community composition and ecosystem functioning as seasonal snow cover is shrinking globally.
Electroencephalographic interbrain synchronization in children with disabilities, their parents, and neurologic music therapists
Authors: Kang Kyurim , Orlandi Silvia , Leung Jason , Akter Masuma , Lorenzen Nicole , Chau Tom , Thaut Michael H.
Published: May 2023

As with typically developing children, children with cerebral palsy and autism spectrum disorder develop important socio‐emotional rapport with their parents and healthcare providers. However, the neural mechanisms underlying these relationships have been less studied. By simultaneously measuring the brain activity of multiple individuals, interbrain synchronization could serve as a neurophysiological marker of social–emotional responses. Music evokes emotional and physiological responses and enhances social cohesion. These characteristics of music have fostered its deployment as a therapeutic medium in clinical settings. Therefore, this study investigated two aspects of interbrain synchronization, namely, its phase and directionality, in child–parent (CP) and child–therapist (CT) dyads during music and storytelling sessions (as a comparison). A total of 17 participants (seven cerebral palsy or autism spectrum disorder children [aged 12–18 years], their parents, and three neurologic music therapists) completed this study, comprising seven CP and seven CT dyads. Each music therapist worked with two or three children. We found that session type, dyadic relationship, frequency band, and brain region were significantly related to the degree of interbrain synchronization and its directionality. Particularly, music sessions and CP dyads were associated with higher interbrain synchronization and stronger directionality. Delta (.5–4 Hz) range showed the highest phase locking value in both CP and CT dyads in frontal brain regions. It appears that synchronization is directed predominantly from parent to child, that is, parents and music therapists' brain activity tended to influence a child's. Our findings encourage further research into neural synchrony in children with disabilities, especially in musical contexts, and its implications for social and emotional development.
Humidity – The overlooked variable in the thermal biology of mosquito‐borne disease
Authors: Brown Joel J. , Pascual Mercedes , Wimberly Michael C. , Johnson Leah R. , Murdock Courtney C.
Published: May 2023

Vector‐borne diseases cause significant financial and human loss, with billions of dollars spent on control. Arthropod vectors experience a complex suite of environmental factors that affect fitness, population growth and species interactions across multiple spatial and temporal scales. Temperature and water availability are two of the most important abiotic variables influencing their distributions and abundances. While extensive research on temperature exists, the influence of humidity on vector and pathogen parameters affecting disease dynamics are less understood. Humidity is often underemphasized, and when considered, is often treated as independent of temperature even though desiccation likely contributes to declines in trait performance at warmer temperatures. This Perspectives explores how humidity shapes the thermal performance of mosquito‐borne pathogen transmission. We summarize what is known about its effects and propose a conceptual model for how temperature and humidity interact to shape the range of temperatures across which mosquitoes persist and achieve high transmission potential. We discuss how failing to account for these interactions hinders efforts to forecast transmission dynamics and respond to epidemics of mosquito‐borne infections. We outline future research areas that will ground the effects of humidity on the thermal biology of pathogen transmission in a theoretical and empirical framework to improve spatial and temporal prediction of vector‐borne pathogen transmission.
Herbaceous vegetation responses to experimental fire in savannas and forests depend on biome and climate
Authors: Gold Zachary J. , Pellegrini Adam F. A. , Refsland Tyler K. , Andrioli Romina J. , Bowles Marlin L. , Brockway Dale G. , Burrows Neil , Franco Augusto C. , Hallgren Steve W. , Hobbie Sarah E. , Hoffmann William A. , Kirkman Kevin P. , Reich Peter B. , Savadogo Patrice , Silvério Divino , Stephan Kirsten , Strydom Tercia , Varner J. Morgan , Wade Dale D. , Wills Allan , Staver A. Carla
Published: May 2023

Fire–vegetation feedbacks potentially maintain global savanna and forest distributions. Accordingly, vegetation in savanna and forest ecosystems should have differential responses to fire, but fire response data for herbaceous vegetation have yet to be synthesized across biomes. Here, we examined herbaceous vegetation responses to experimental fire at 30 sites spanning four continents. Across a variety of metrics, herbaceous vegetation increased in abundance where fire was applied, with larger responses to fire in wetter and in cooler and/or less seasonal systems. Compared to forests, savannas were associated with a 4.8 (±0.4) times larger difference in herbaceous vegetation abundance for burned versus unburned plots. In particular, grass cover decreased with fire exclusion in savannas, largely via decreases in C4 grass cover, whereas changes in fire frequency had a relatively weak effect on grass cover in forests. These differential responses underscore the importance of fire for maintaining the vegetation structure of savannas and forests.
Chronic intracranial recordings after resection for epilepsy reveal a "running down" of epileptiform activity
Authors: Kundu Bornali , Charlebois Chantel M. , Anderson Daria Nesterovich , Peters Angela , Rolston John D.
Published: May 2023

We describe an electrical "running down" phenomenon and also a consistent spectral change (in the aperiodic component of the power spectrum) derived from chronic interictal electrocorticography (ECoG) after surgery in a patient with drug‐resistant epilepsy. These data were recorded using a closed‐loop neurostimulation system that was implanted after resection. The patient has been seizure‐free for 2.5 years since resection without requiring the neurostimulator to be turned on to stimulate. Concurrently, there was an exponential decrease in the number of epileptiform electrographic detections recorded by the device, particularly over the first 26 weeks, indicative of an electrical running down phenomenon as the brain adapted to an extended period of seizure freedom. We also find that the aperiodic exponent of the power spectrum gradually decreases over time. The aperiodic component of intracranial ECoG may represent a novel marker of epileptogenicity, independent of seizures.
Edge‐featured graph attention network with dependency features for causality detection of events
Authors: Wei Jianxiang , Chen Yuhang , Han Pu , Zhu Yunxia , Huang Weidong
Published: May 2023

Causality detection, as a more fine‐grained task than causality extraction, which aims to detect the components that represent the cause and effect in sentence‐level texts with causality, is a significant task in the field of Natural Language Processing (NLP). Previous research on causality detection has concentrated on text token features whilst ignoring the dependency attributes between tokens. In this paper, we propose a model that uses the Edge‐featured Graph Attention Network based on dependency‐directed graphs for the causality detection task. To begin, we convert the texts with causality into the representation of dependency‐directed graphs (DDG), which regard the dependency attributes between tokens as edge features. Then we use Edge‐featured Graph Attention Network to aggregate the node and edge features of DDG. Finally, we put the graph embedding into Bi‐directional Long Short‐Term Memory (BiLSTM) layer to learn the dependencies between forward and backward long‐distance nodes in DDG. Experiments on three datasets prove that this method achieves better performance in precision, recall, and other evaluation metrics compared with other methods.
Building family resilience: Qualitative perspectives from a multisite experimental study in intensive care units
Authors: Cypress Brigitte S. , Allred Sarah
Published: May 2023

Objective

We sought to explore how the family resilience framework may help us understand the relationship between patient‐ and family‐centered care interdisciplinary rounds and the stressors, resources, organizational, and systems context during critical illness of patients, their families, and the health care professionals providing the care in the intensive care unit.

Background

Family inclusion and engagement in patient‐ and family‐centered interdisciplinary rounds in the intensive care unit is a challenging and an under‐researched issue in critical care. Despite evidence that family presence can provide benefits to patients and family members, current literature still shows that family members are excluded.

Method

We examined qualitative data from patients, families, and health care professionals involved in a multisite experimental study using the family resilience framework, and Braun and Clarke's (2006) constructionist, contextualist approach to thematic analysis.

Results

We learned that the participants' experiences and perception of family engagement during patient‐ and‐family‐centered care interdisciplinary rounds is centered around the family as the “synchronizer,” achieved with family acting as “moderator,” as an advocate, and as “therapeutic” that assisted the patients, family members, and health care professionals to be “feeling happy,” which also aided in providing “forewarning and mindfulness of the impermanence of life and imminence of death.”

Implications

We present and discuss our findings in the light of theoretical foundations and empirical support for the use of the Family Resilience Framework in critical care and propose how the framework can help implement policies and programs that will address the needs of patients and their families in this aspect of critical care.
Family tourism effects for low‐income families – Past reality for future insights
Authors: Lima Joana , Eusébio Celeste , Varum Celeste Amorim
Published: May 2023

Although the benefits of tourism are recognized, there are still doubts about the potential effects of family tourism for specific types of families. This qualitative study aims to characterize past family tourism practices of a sample of low‐income families with children and examine its effects. Interviews were conducted, including adult(s) and children of each family. Results reveal that families reported important benefits and that differences between the perceptions of mothers and fathers exist. Further research is needed to consider different subtypes of families. Reflection on challenges faced by initiatives and research targeting this segment are presented.
Manipulation of ZrO2/CaZrO3 fibrous membrane with high thermal stability and NIR reflectivity
Authors: Yuan Kangkang , Li Hui , Zhao Wenjun , Jin Xiaotong , Wang Xinqiang , Guo Yunli , Zhao Yujun , Yang Xuena , Li Chengshun
Published: May 2023

Grain size control is an important aspect to manipulate the microstructure and high temperature stability of ceramic fibers. In the present work, phase competition mechanism was proposed to regulate the grain size of ZrO2/CaZrO3 composite fibers. Calcium precursor with different molar ratio of Ca/Zr was introduced to the zirconia system not only for phase stabilization of ZrO2 but also for phase competition between solid‐solution CaxZr1‐xO2‐x and new phase CaZrO3. Effects of Ca/Zr molar ratio on the thermal pyrolysis, crystallization, solid reaction of precursor fibers were fully explored. The change of grain size of fibers with various Ca/Zr molar ratio was characterized and discussed. Furthermore, the near‐infrared reflectivity and high‐temperature stability of fibrous membranes were also presented. The results indicated that ZrO2/CaZrO3 fibrous membrane has promising applications in high‐temperature for the excellent thermal stability and high near infrared (NIR) reflectivity.
The relationship between enterprise risk management and managerial judgement in decision‐making: A systematic literature review
Authors: Crawford Jason , Jabbour Mirna
Published: May 2023

Enterprise risk management (ERM) promises to improve decision‐making and help organizations avoid wicked problems. Consequently, risk artefacts may play a significant role in managers’ decision‐making processes, but little is known about the relationship between ERM and managerial judgement in decision‐making (MJDM). The purpose of this paper is to present a systematic literature review of ERM, thereby filling this knowledge gap and providing an evidence‐based foundation for improving practice and advancing knowledge and theory development. Based on an analysis and synthesis of 33 articles published between 2009 and 2021, we identify four contextual, five technical, three social and five cognitive factors that interact with MJDM. We find thatregulation and corporate governance,ERM artefact design reconfiguration and use,social capital interactions and spacesandperceptionshave the most support. We distinguish between three different modes of judgement:risk measurement,risk envisionmentandrisk qualculation. We find that risk qualculation, which employs quantitative and qualitative data and social interpretations of risks and uncertainties, is more likely to be useful in managerial decision‐making, particularly when attempting to address wicked problems. We also find that human cognition significantly impacts ERM design, implementation and use, and how those change over time. This paper also develops a new narrative and conceptualization of the relationship between ERM and MJDM, which is presented in an integrative framework. Finally, we encourage researchers to adopt cognitive theories and related concepts that are better suited for examining the ERM–MJDM relationship and to take a cognitive turn in future ERM research.
RETRACTED: Effect of adjunctive prophylactic macrolides used at the caesarean section on endometritis and surgical site wound infection: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Zhang Taiwei , Wang Jiuchong , Hua Zhaozhao , Yao Xiaoyun , Zhang Fang , Zhou Yiyuan
Published: May 2023

A meta‐analysis investigation was executed to measure the outcome of adjunctive prophylactic macrolides (APM) used at caesarean section (CS) on endometritis and surgical site wound infection (SSWI). A comprehensive literature inspection till February 2023 was applied and 1023 interrelated investigations were reviewed. The 10 chosen investigations enclosed 22 676 females with CS were in the chosen investigations' starting point, 14 034 of them were utilising APM, and 8642 were utilising control. Odds ratio (OR) in addition to 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were used to compute the value of the effect of APM used at CS on endometritis and SSWI by the dichotomous approaches and a fixed or random model. Adjunctive prophylactic macrolides had significantly lower SSWI (OR, 0.43; 95% CI, 0.34–0.55, P < .001), and endometritis (OR, 0.34; 95% CI, 0.20–0.60, P = .005) compared with those with control in females with CS. Adjunctive prophylactic macrolides had significantly lower SSWI, and endometritis compared with those with control in females with CS. However, care must be exercised when dealing with its values because of the low number of nominated investigations for the meta‐analysis.
Characterization of stress in a thermal barrier coating during CMAS corrosion using Ce3+ photoluminescence spectroscopy
Authors: Wang Shuo , Zhang Shijie , Wang Zong , Qu Chuanyong , Qiu Wei
Published: May 2023

The stress caused by calcium–magnesium–alumino–silicate (CMAS) corrosion is a critical factor in thermal barrier failure of thermal barrier coatings (TBCs). For the service safety of TBCs, it is important to characterize the stress inside TBCs during CMAS corrosion using a nondestructive and accurate method. In this study, photoluminescence spectroscopy technology was applied to characterize the stress in TBCs during CMAS corrosion. First, TBC specimens containing yttrium–aluminum–garnet doped with trace Ce3+ ions (YAG:Ce3+)/yttrium oxide partially stabilized zirconia double‐ceramic‐layer were prepared by atmospheric plasma spraying. Then, CMAS corrosion experiments were performed using the TBC specimens, and a mechanical model was derived based on Ce3+ photoluminescence spectroscopy to investigate the stress in the TBCs. Finally, the microstructure, extent of CMAS corrosion and stress field in TBC specimens, was characterized. The results reveal that the penetration of CMAS leads to local stress concentration and a nonlinear stress distribution from the outside surface to the inside of the YAG:Ce3+ layer. In addition, an increase in corrosion time, temperature, and CMAS concentration can significantly influence the evolution of the stress field in TBCs.
Computer‐based scaffoldings influence students' metacognitive monitoring and problem‐solving efficiency in an intelligent tutoring system
Authors: Wang Tingting , Zheng Juan , Tan Chengyi , Lajoie Susanne P.
Published: May 2023

Background

Computer‐based scaffolding has been intensively used to facilitate students' self‐regulated learning (SRL). However, most previous studies investigated how computer‐based scaffoldings affected the cognitive aspect of SRL, such as knowledge gains and understanding levels. In contrast, more evidence is needed to examine the effects of scaffolding on the metacognitive dimension and efficiency outcome of SRL.

Objectives

This study aims to examine the role of computer‐based scaffolding in students' metacognitive monitoring and problem‐solving efficiency.

Methods

Seventy‐two medical students completed two clinical reasoning tasks in BioWorld, an intelligent tutoring system (ITS) designed for promoting medical students' diagnostic expertise. During solving the tasks, students were asked to report their confidence judgements about proposed diagnoses. Computer trace data were used to identify task completion time (CT) and students' use of three scaffolding types, that is, conceptual, strategic, and metacognitive. Then we calculated students' metacognitive monitoring accuracy (i.e., calibration) and problem‐solving efficiency.

Results and Conclusions

One‐sample t‐test demonstrated that students inaccurately monitored their learning processes and were overconfident in both tasks. Linear mixed‐effects models (LMMs) indicated that the intensive use of metacognitive scaffolding positively predicted students' metacognitive monitoring accuracy. Moreover, strategic scaffolding was negatively related to problem‐solving efficiency, whereas metacognitive scaffolding positively influenced problem‐solving efficiency.

Takeaways

This study shows the importance of metacognitive scaffolding in improving the accuracy of metacognitive monitoring and problem‐solving efficiency. Findings from this study provide new insights for instructors and ITS developers to optimise the design of scaffoldings.
A new species of mailed catfish of genus Rhadinoloricaria (Siluriformes: Loricariidae: Loricariinae) from Rio Negro basin, Brazil
Authors: Crispim‐Rodrigues Jefferson L. , Bernt Maxwell J. , Waltz Brandon T. , Silva Gabriel S. C. , Benine Ricardo C. , Oliveira Claudio , Covain Raphaël , Roxo Fábio F.
Published: May 2023

During a recent collection expedition to the Rio Negro, in the state of Amazonas, Brazil, eight individuals of an unknown species were collected, with a combination of characteristics that placed the species in the genus Rhadinoloricaria. Furthermore, the presence of two autapomorphic characteristics, including numerous elongated papillae on the lower lip and unbranched barbelets on the margin of lower lip, suggests that it is a new species. From morphological and phylogenetic analyses, including the sequencing of specific genes to calculate the maximum likelihood analyses, coupled with osteological computed tomography (CT) scan analyses, the authors corroborated that the specimens represent a new species of Rhadinoloricaria, described in the present study.
Bilateral genital asymmetry in livebearer fishes of the genus PhallocerosEigenmann, 1907, with description of a new species from coastal drainages of southern Brazil (Cyprinodontiformes: Poeciliidae)
Authors: Souto‐Santos Igor C. A. , Lucinda Paulo H. F. , Buckup Paulo A.
Published: May 2023

A new species of Phalloceros is described from the Tijucas, Maruim, Aririú, Cubatão do Sul, Rio da Madre, D'Una and Tubarão river basins in southern Brazil. The new species is diagnosed among congeners by the bilateral asymmetry of a hood‐like structure located immediately anterior to the urogenital papilla of females. The hood is fused with the urogenital papilla on the right side, but free from the papilla on the left side. This hood is reported for the first time in the genus and is present in six of the 21 valid species of Phalloceros, but its bilateral asymmetry is an exclusive condition of the new species. These species do not constitute a monophyletic group. The new species is likely to be phylogenetically related to P. caudimaculatus, whose females have a symmetrical hood.
Virtual reality exercise programs ameliorate frailty and fall risks in older adults: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Lee Yueh‐Hua , Lin Chueh‐Ho , Wu Wan‐Ru , Chiu Hsiao‐Yean , Huang Hui‐Chuan
Published: May 2023

Background

Virtual reality (VR) technology constitutes a promising rehabilitation strategy, but its effect on frailty in older adults remains inconclusive. This study examined the effects of interactive VR training programs on lower‐limb muscle strength, walking speed, balance, and fall risks in older adults with frailty.

Methods

Various electronic databases comprising PubMed, the Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, the Cochrane Library, Embase, the Chinese Electronic Periodical Service, the Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure, and gray literature were searched from their inception through December 31, 2022 for relevant studies. Randomized controlled trials that examined the effects of interactive VR training programs on lower‐limb muscle strength, balance, walking speed, and fall risks as measured by validated scales or methods. in older adults aged 65 years and older with frailty were included. A random‐effects model was employed to examine the overall effect size, and the trim‐and‐fill method was adopted to examine publication bias.

Results

For those studies that defined frailty using fall risks, substantial evidence demonstrated that interactive VR training interventions increased lower‐limb muscle strength (Hedges' g = 0.35, p = 0.015), walking speed (Hedges' g = 0.29, p = 0.003), balance (Hedges' g = 0.62, p = 0.011), and fall risks (Hedges' g = −0.61, p < 0.001). Studies that defined frailty in accordance with the Fried frailty phenotype criteria indicated that interactive VR training interventions only increased walking speed (Hedges' g = 0.28, p = 0.023) and balance (Hedges' g = 0.27, p = 0.049).

Conclusions

Interactive VR training programs may benefit older adults with frailty with respect to walking speed and balance. More studies with good study quality are required to validate the effects of interactive VR exercise training on these frailty‐related parameters in older adults.
Dumbbell‐shaped brains of Polish crested chickens as a model system for the evolution of novel brain morphologies
Authors: Watanabe Akinobu , Marshall Sylvia S. , Gignac Paul M.
Published: May 2023

The evolutionary history of vertebrates is replete with emergence of novel brain morphologies, including the origin of the human brain. Existing model organisms and toolkits for investigating drivers of neuroanatomical innovations have largely proceeded on mammals. As such, a compelling non‐mammalian model system would facilitate our understanding of how unique brain morphologies evolve across vertebrates. Here, we present the domestic chicken breed, white crested Polish chickens, as an avian model for investigating how novel brain morphologies originate. Most notably, these crested chickens exhibit cerebral herniation from anterodorsal displacement of the telencephalon, which results in a prominent protuberance on the dorsal aspect of the skull. We use a high‐density geometric morphometric approach on cephalic endocasts to characterize their brain morphology. Compared with standard white Leghorn chickens (WLCs) and modern avian diversity, the results demonstrate that crested chickens possess a highly variable and unique overall brain configuration. Proportional sizes of neuroanatomical regions are within the observed range of extant birds sampled in this study, but Polish chickens differ from WLCs in possessing a relatively larger cerebrum and smaller cerebellum and medulla. Given their accessibility, phylogenetic proximity, and unique neuroanatomy, we propose that crested breeds, combined with standard chickens, form a promising comparative system for investigating the emergence of novel brain morphologies.
Manufactured regional crises: The Middle East and North Africa under global food regimes
Authors: Riachi Roland , Martiniello Giuliano
Published: May 2023

The current agrarian and food crisis in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) has been interpreted through a number of tropes. Within the dominant mainstream discourse, the MENA region is often depicted as a homogenous geographical area characterized by dryness, infertile lands and poor water resources. How did imperialism, colonialism and the Cold War influence the MENA food systems? What were the effects of trade liberalization and neoliberalism on the agricultural systems in the region? These are some questions that this paper will try to answer using a geographical and historical‐comparative analysis, through a food regimes lens. Understanding contemporary social relations dynamics cannot be limited to the recent period. Agriculture and food in the MENA region are anchored in the history of power relations ruled by flows of capital and the shaping of ecological transformations during thelongue duréeof capitalism and its corresponding modes of control and regulation.
Combining diabetes and mental health care: An ethnographic exploration of user involvement in combined care
Authors: Zabell Vicki , Arnfred Sidse Marie , Rønne Sabrina Trappaud , Berring Lene Lauge , Lerbæk Birgitte , Jørgensen Rikke
Published: May 2023

Purpose

To explore and describe the enactment of user involvement and combined care in a Danish clinic that aimed at providing integrated diabetes and mental health care.

Design

An ethnographic study.

Data Sources and Methods

Data consisted of field notes from 96 hours of participant observations and field notes from 32 informal conversations with healthcare providers, users and relatives as well as 12 semistructured interviews with users. Data were analysed using a thematic analysis. This study reports to the SRQR guidelines.

Results

Treatment was not combined as intended if only one healthcare provider handled the consultations. Here, the healthcare providers' focus was often on their own area of expertise—either mental health or diabetes. If more than one healthcare provider handled consultations, the consultations were often divided between them, focussing on one condition at the time. Healthcare providers noted, that learning from peer colleagues was a way to increase the possibility for combined care. Furthermore, combined care was highly dependent on the healthcare providers' ability to involve users' illness experiences in their own care planning. Here, a high level of user involvement increased the levels of combined care during consultations.

Conclusion

This study set out to explore and describe user involvement and combined care in a specialised diabetes and mental health outpatient clinic. Combined care is complexed and requires that healthcare providers are well‐equipped to manage the complexity of delivering care for people with both conditions. The degree of combined care was linked with the healthcare providers' ability to involve users and their knowledge on the condition outside there are of expertise.

Relevance to Clinical Practice

A peer‐learning environment in combination with clinical guidelines and joint display could support healthcare providers in involving users in own care and when delivering care outside their area of expertise.

Public contribution

No patient or public contribution. Due to the COVID‐19 pandemic, the original user council withdraw their consent to participate due to health‐related worries and anxiety concerning the pandemic. The user council consisted of three members diagnosed with diabetes and severe mental illness. They were invited to participate in physical meetings, phone or online meetings. Presenting findings from the study to the study participants were also hindered by the second lockdown. This influenced the possibility for data triangulation.
MRI features of sinonasal tract angiofibroma/juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibroma: Case series and systematic review
Authors: Baba Akira , Kurokawa Ryo , Kurokawa Mariko , Srinivasan Ashok
Published: May 2023

Background and Purpose

To comprehensively summarize the radiological characteristics of sinonasal tract angiofibroma (STA) (commonly known as juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibroma).

Methods

Forty‐four lesions from 41 cases provided by 33 study articles identified through a systematic review and 13 lesions from 13 cases from our institution associated with patients with STA who underwent MRI were included in the review study, carried out by two board‐certified experienced radiologists.

Results

The study participants were all male patients with a mean age of 15.6 years at the time of diagnosis. All of them presented with nasal cavity lesions (100%), predominantly in the nasopharynx (98.2%). The sphenopalatine foramen/pterygopalatine fossa was involved in 76.0%, and compressive shift of the posterolateral wall of the maxillary sinus was present in more than half (57.9%). T2‐weighted imaging signal intensity was heterogeneous with mixed high and iso intensities as compared to skeletal muscle (100%). T1‐weighted imaging showed partial high signal intensity in 61.1% of the cases. Flow void and intense enhancement were present in almost all cases. Cystic/nonenhancement changes on contrast‐enhanced MRI were relatively common (40.8%). The mean apparent diffusion coefficient value (2.07 × 10−3 mm2/second) and some quantitative dynamic contrast‐enhanced MRI parameters were high. There was a significant difference in the frequency of residual/recurrent lesions based on the presence of MRI findings of skull base invasion (p = .017) and intracranial extension (p = .003).

Conclusions

We summarized the MRI findings of STA that can facilitate timely diagnosis and appropriate management.
Exploration of sleep disturbances in children and adolescents with and without autism in a paediatric sample referred for polysomnography
Authors: Smith Andrea M , Johnson Ann H , Bashore Lisa
Published: May 2023

Aims

The purpose of the study was to increase the body of knowledge related to sleep in children with autism. The specific aims were to (i) identify the subgroup of children with autism, ages 3–17 years, referred for polysomnography and (ii) describe types and frequency of clinical encounters for sleep problems in a sample of children ages 3–17 with and without the diagnosis of autism.

Methods

The authors performed a secondary data analysis of the de‐identified Nationwide Children's Hospital Sleep DataBank, a collection of encounters with children referred for polysomnography. The data were filtered for ages 3–17 years at the time of the participant's first sleep study, and further filtered for the presence of an autism diagnosis.

Results

In the sample, there were 2838 unique participants (M = 10.5 years) with a total of 172 167 encounters between 2017 and 2019. Of these, 198 (7%) were diagnosed with Autism Spectrum Disorder, Asperger's Syndrome, or Pervasive Developmental Disorder. Among all participants, the most common sleep problems were apnea, snoring, non‐specified sleep disorders (including restless sleeper), circadian rhythm disorder (CRD), and insomnia. The subgroup of patients diagnosed with autism was noted to have higher frequency of several types of sleep problems, especially restless sleep, CRD and insomnia, compared to those without an autism diagnosis.

Conclusions

Findings elucidate the increased presence of sleep problems in paediatric patients with autism, and the need for purposeful sleep evaluation and research given the potential impact on daytime function for these individuals and their families.
Sustainable management and improvement of genetic resources for aquaculture
Authors: Sonesson A. K. , Hallerman E. , Humphries F. , Hilsdorf A. W. S. , Leskien D. , Rosendal K. , Bartley D. , Hu X. , Garcia Gomez R. , Mair G. C.
Published: May 2023

Effective genetic management of the ~700 aquatic species cultured globally should be addressed for aquaculture to make a significant contribution towards meeting the UN's Sustainable Development Goals. This article aims to identify the current status and challenges relating to the management of farmed aquatic genetic resources (AqGR) and to make recommendations for its improvement. The lack of information on the genetic status of many farmed species is a critical constraint and there is a need to characterize these resources and develop information systems and tools to monitor farmed types used for aquaculture and their wild counterparts. Risk assessment is needed when introducing non‐native species and when managing native species including developed farmed types; policies need to be improved and increased awareness and training in risk assessment are required. To increase the uptake of selective breeding in aquaculture, there is a need for the development and adoption of better and more sustainable business models, including long‐term financial instruments such as public–private partnerships. Training and technology transfer between aquaculture sectors can have significant impact, especially for lower‐value species. Nationally and globally applicable instruments and regulations need to be adapted to AqGR and become operational and be effectively implemented by countries.
Dietary assessment of 101 para‐athletes from team and individual sports
Authors: Sasaki Carolina A. L. , da Costa Teresa H. M.
Published: May 2023

Assessing the usual food intake of para‐athletes enables knowledge and description of nutrient intakes, providing insight into the potential nutritional status of para‐athletes and may help tailor dietary intake to their specific training needs. This study aimed to evaluate the usual intake of macronutrients and food groups and meal food patterns of athletes with a disability. We also compared dietary intake data between team and individual sport para‐athletes. One hundred and one athletes with a disability from 13 Paralympic disciplines living in Brasília, Federal District, Brazil were included. Food intake was estimated from two or four non‐consecutive 24‐h food recalls in which para‐athletes reported all food, beverages, and supplements consumed in the previous 24‐h. Dietary intake analysis was performed by implementing the National Cancer Institute (NCI) method to calculate the macronutrient and food group usual intake. Macronutrient intakes were compared to Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Ranges for the general population and food group intakes were compared to the 2008 Brazilian National Dietary Guidelines. Para‐athletes consumed a low‐carbohydrate, adequate protein, high‐fat diet. There was no significant difference in macronutrient intake distribution between team sport and individual sport para‐athletes. Most para‐athletes had three main meals during the day. The prevalence of inadequate fruit servings in the middle and highest energy intake tertiles was significantly higher in team sport para‐athletes (92.5% and 98.4%) than in individual sport para‐athletes (90.8% and 65.5%), respectively. The prevalence of inadequate vegetable servings was significantly higher between team and individual para‐athletes for the middle energy intake tertiles. Para‐athletes generally consumed an imbalanced diet, which is a cause for concern given their additional physiological demands and specific training needs.
Assessing adipokines as potential biomarkers of dementia, Alzheimer's disease, and mild cognitive impairment: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: García‐García Isabel , Fernández‐Andújar Marina , Narváez Manuel , García‐Casares Natalia
Published: May 2023

Midlife obesity and late‐life weight loss confer a greater risk for developing dementia and Alzheimer's disease (AD), but the exact mechanisms behind this phenomenon are currently unknown. The answer could lie on the involvement of gastrointestinal factors, such as adipokines (e.g., leptin, adiponectin, and resistin) and ghrelin. In this context, we conducted a pre‐registered systematic review and meta‐analysis of 42 cross‐sectional and 13 longitudinal studies targeting the associations between leptin, adiponectin, resistin, and ghrelin and the prevalence of general dementia, AD, and mild cognitive impairment (MCI). We also examined the relationship between the four gastrointestinal factors and neurocognitive outcomes and AD‐related cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers. Patients with AD had lower blood leptin and higher resistin levels than cognitively normal participants. Lower leptin and higher resistin were associated with higher degree of cognitive impairment. Additionally, lower late‐life leptin levels might be associated with higher prospective risk of dementia and AD, although more studies are needed to corroborate this. Results in ghrelin and adiponectin were not conclusive, with age, sex distribution, obesity, and severity of dementia seemingly acting as moderators across several analyses. Our work might contribute to the identification of new preclinical blood markers of MCI and AD.
Plant communication across different environmental contexts suggests a role for stomata in volatile perception
Authors: Aguirre Natalie M. , Grunseich John M. , Lima Andreísa F. , Davis Stephen D. , Helms Anjel M.
Published: May 2023

Plants can detect herbivore‐induced plant volatiles (HIPVs) from their damaged neighbours and respond by enhancing or priming their defenses against future herbivore attack. Plant communication and defense priming by volatile cues has been well documented, however, the extent to which plants are able to perceive and respond to these cues across different environmental contexts remains poorly understood. We investigated how abiotic changes that modulate stomatal conductance and/or defense signalling affect the ability of maize plants to perceive HIPVs and respond by priming their defenses. During light exposure, when stomata were open and conditions allowed for defense signal biosynthesis, the individual compounds indole and (Z)−3‐hexenyl acetate primed maize defenses. Neither compound primed defenses under environmental conditions that closed stomata and/or altered defense signalling. Moreover, plants were not primed when exposed to indole or (Z)−3‐hexenyl acetate in darkness (while stomata were closed) and then subjected to simulated herbivory in the light, to ensure defense induction. The full blend of HIPVs primed maize defenses in light conditions but suppressed defense induction during dark exposure and wounding. These findings indicate that environmental context is important for plant communication and defense priming and suggest that stomata play a role in plant perception of HIPVs.
Differences in mobile food market customer outcomes between 2019 and 2021
Authors: Horning Melissa L. , Bell Adrianna , Porter Leah , Wagner Stephanie , Alver Bonnie , Kamdar Nipa
Published: May 2023

Objectives

To evaluate the outcomes of increasing mobile market service from mostly biweekly in 2019 to weekly in 2021.

Design

Repeated, cross‐sectional customer intercept surveys.

Sample

Mobile market customers in Summers 2019 (N = 302) and 2021 (N = 72).

Intervention

Mobile food markets bring affordable, high‐quality foods to communities that lack such access.

Measures/analysis

Outcomes included food security, fruit/vegetable intake, and food‐related characteristics and behaviors. General linear and logistic regression models were used to assess associations between outcomes and survey year and length of mobile market shopping. Models were adjusted for economic assistance use, race, and ethnicity.

Results

No outcomes were significantly different between 2019 (with mostly biweekly service) and 2021 (with weekly service). Length of mobile market shopping (e.g., >2 years, 1–2 years, etc.) was positively associated with affordable, quality food access (β = 0.20, SE = 0.10, p = .03) and fruit/vegetable intake (β = 0.28, SE = 0.08, p < .001) as well as lower odds of food insecurity in the last 12 months (aOR = 0.79, 95% CI = 0.64, 0.99).

Conclusions

Despite COVID‐19 interrupting scheduled market service, the length of time that a survey respondent identified as a full‐service mobile market customer was associated with higher food access and fruit/vegetable intake and reduced food insecurity odds. These findings suggest promise and encourage further evaluation.