bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Problems of Overcoming Market Failures in the Context of Economic Crisis in the Euro Area
Authors: Pluiko A. Y.
Published: June 2021

The article analyses the manifestations of a market failure problem revealed during the economic crisis in the euro area, namely business cycles, market inability to ensure money circulation and avoid inflation. It is shown that the cyclicity of economic development has revealed in various degrees of economic contraction and different rates of its recovery. These differences have been exacerbated by the new procyclical factors emerged from the transition to a single currency. As for money circulation the crisis has almost no impact on the single currency functioning: the euro has maintained its position on the world market and properly performed money functions in the domestic. The goal to achieve economic development without inflation in the euro area generally has been solved successfully by the European Central Bank (ECB). However, due to the fact that the ECB in its monetary policy does not pay sufficient attention to the increased inflation in small and relatively poor countries, the crisis has been more acute in them than in large countries with low inflation. The goals of ensuring money circulation and avoiding inflation can be settled more effectively in the euro area in case of more tight coherence in economic policy and strengthening of supranational mechanisms of economic governance.
The Significance of the 2014 Corporate Governance Code of the Bank of Russia
Authors: Shashkova A. V.
Published: June 2021

The present article focuses on corporate governance in Russia, as well as on the approval in 2014 of the Code of Corporate Governance by the Bank of Russia and by the Russian Government. The article also provides the concept of the famous foreign term Compliance. Compliance is a system based on binding rules of conduct contained in the regulations which are mandatory for the company. In order to fulfill best practices and implement local acts on the most important issues for the company, many foreign companies as well as large Russian companies have formed special Compliance departments. Taking into account such international experience and international corporate governance principles the Bank of Russia has elaborated the Corporate Governance Code, approved by the Russian Government in February 2014. Corporate Governance Code regulates a number of the most important issues of corporate governance such as shareholders'rights and fair treatment of shareholders; Board of Directors; Corporate Secretary of the Company; system of remuneration of members of the Board of Directors, executive bodies and other key executives of the company; system of risk management and internal control; disclosure of information about the company, the information policy of the company; major corporate actions. The most important issue which is analyzed by the author is the problem of the composition of the Board of Directors: the presence of independent directors in the company. According to the author the new Corporate Governance Code reflects the latest trends as well as the current situation with corporate governance in Russia today.
English Law Terms: Optimizing Education Process
Authors: Anisimova A. G. , Arkhipova M. A.
Published: June 2021

The article focuses on the terminology of English law as a system. It deals with the main specific characteristics of the English legal terminology and studies the systemic nature of the terminology of Criminal Law. Nowadays, an increasing role of the study of professional language (Language for Specific Purposes) is obvious since it is a means of dissemination and exchange of professional information and a means of communication in the professional discourse. It is a system of terms that constitutes the core of the Language for Specific Purposes. The study of terminology is of paramount importance for the legal sphere of human activity where the accuracy of interpretation plays a very substantial part. Legal terms have a number of specific characteristics, such as: abstract nature of legal notions; introduction of new terms by regulatory organizations; an important role of judicial interpretation in constituting shades of meaning of a legal terminological unit; and the fact that a legal term may belong to a particular area of Law, which makes it possible to refer it to the category of general legal, branch-wise, or inter-branch vocabulary. Every term has its particular place among other elements of a system and is related to them in a particular way. A terminological system should be considered as a whole, and there are particular hierarchical relations between its elements. Within a terminological system, it is possible to seta hierarchy of generic and specific terms that can form the so-called semantic field. One of the features demonstrating the systemic links within a terminology is the existence of some typical structural models, according to which terms are coined. An important criterion is the predominance ofterminological word-combinations of a certain type. For example, in the terminology of Criminal Law the models Noun + Preposition + Noun and Adjective + Noun are the most common structural models. Another important criterion of a systemic nature of terminology is the existence of antonymous relations between terminological units. Undoubtedly, systemic approach to terminological studies allows optimizing the learning process.
Time in Russian and Japanese Lingo-cultures
Authors: Gorelova N. E.
Published: June 2021

The article highlights the concept of "time" as the most important axiom which is a part of linguocultural worldview of different nations, that also allows us to consider this concept in terms of its cultural distinctive potential. In its turn, the definition of the limits and possibilities of matching cultures by comparing their lingvocultural axioms enables us to refine the boundaries of their communicative interactions, identifying areas of understanding /misunderstanding and the most constructive interaction /potentialproneness to conflict. Cultural differences in understanding the time could be considered in two main directions: first, each culture performs the calculation of time in its own way; secondly, the way to decompose the time, its "segmentation" also creates a significant originality of unique linguocultural pictures of the world. These features are interrelated and interdependent, therefore it is reasonable to combine them under the title "time attitude." It goes without saying that, the attitude towards time in each linguoculture formed for many centuries, being therefore historically conditioned. In this case, axiological aspect in the attitude towards time should be mentioned, which is also associated with the reflection in this concept of the socially- approved values of different levels (ethical, aesthetic, religious, etc.). Consequently, we are talking about a concentrated expression of the important world paradigms in the concept of “time", which are related to value-sense orientation and social psychology segments, that are projected on the individual consciousness in the process of enculturation. The specificity of the Japanese culture is usually described within the overall paradigm of the relations between East and West, considered as a synthetic and analytical way of perceiving the world. These relations - are relations between two independent, different systems of traditions, meanings and world-views. The question of their commensuration is one of the key questions for the theory and practice ofintercultural communication, considering the influence of cultural differences on the run of the communicative event, its "success" or "failure." "Time attitude" is the most important linguocultural "axiom", allowing not only to recognize the specificity of the world picture of Japanese culture representatives, but also to highlight the clear criteria for its possible comparison with the counter-agents of the communication, to describe the "intersection point" and "point of mutual exclusionemerging form comparison of Japanese and Russian linguocultures, their peculiar" time attitude."
Modern Political and Economic Aspects of the Oil and Gas Complex in the Southeast Asia Region
Authors: Salygin V. I. , Berezinskiy S. V.
Published: June 2021

AbstracUThe article reviews the problems caused by the conflict of interests between certain Southeast Asian countries and other states, China foremost, which aroused from oil and gas field development on disputable offshore sections. At the same time the positions of the region's leading transnational corporations in the field of oil and gas policy and their relationships with the countries-ASEAN (Association of South East Asian Nations) members are outlined. Separately are represented the foreign policy stands of Indonesia, Vietnam, Brunei, Philippines and Malaysia on territorial disputes over offshore oil and gas fields. These processes are pushing both European and American business to abandon the conventional schemes and accept the new conditions of their activity in Southeast Asia.
Contemporary Russia Policy for the Southern Caucasus
Authors: Marabyan K. P.
Published: June 2021

The bilateral relations between Russia on the one hand, and the countries of the Southern Caucasus region on the other hand are examined in the article. The main directions of Russian policy in the Southern Caucasus region are examined there. The article focusses attention to the value of the Southern Caucasus region for Russia and also to the key role of Russia in the Southern Caucasus region. The overview of Russian-Azerbaijani, Russian-Armenian and Russian- Georgian relations is given in the article. Russian relations with unrecognized Nagorno-Karabakh Republic and with partially recognized Abkhazia and South Ossetia are examined in the context of above-mentioned bilateral relations. The Caucasian direction of Russian foreign policy is of great importance in questions of ensuring Russian national security. The Caucasian crisis of2008 showed potential conflictness of the region and safety hazard of Russia. Now other processes proceed already in the region. Armenian intention to join the Customs union, the change of Georgian leadership and signing of the agreement on association with EU by Georgia start new mechanisms of interaction between the region countries on the one hand and Russia on the other hand. The relation format between region republics can be changed. The main purpose of the article is to show Russian role in questions of the South Caucasus regional security. The region has the conflict territories, from which the Nagorno-Karabakh Republic, the Abkhazian Republic and the South Ossetia Republic are distinguished especially. And Russia won't be able to keep aloof in case of escalation of the conflicts around above-mentioned subjects. The vital questions for the region are peace and stability. And Russia plays a key role in these questions.
School of English in Journalism
Authors: Ilyina O. K.
Published: June 2021

Department of English Language № 3 was established in 1976 and leads the teaching of English language at the Faculty of International Journalism. The Department trains future international journalists, PR-professionals as well as experts in the field of sociology of mass communications. Since early 2010 the department has been headed by Olga K. Ilyina, PhD in Philology, Associate Professor. Since the opening of the specialty "Public Relations" at the Faculty of International Journalism the Department staff has done a great job providing educational materials for the teaching process, which include textbooks and manuals that contribute significantly to the education of highly qualified specialists. Since the early1990s in the department has created 32 textbooks and teaching materials.
School of French
Authors: Ogorodov M. K.
Published: June 2021

Fundamentals of teaching French at MGIMO were laid in the 1950s - 1960s, the teachers of the Department of Romance Languages uniform. Initially, the core department of the French language teachers were MSU: Olga D. Andreeva, Simon I. Ganionsky, Sophia Yulevna Friedman, Irina B. Chachkhiani. Heads of departments of the period the greatest contribution to the development of philological science and practice of teaching Romance languages made an outstanding figure of Russian Romance Studies, Doctor of Philology, Professor Vladimir G. Gak. In 1971, after the separation of the Department of Romance languages were the departments of French and № 1 № 2. At the Department of French № 1 was successfully completed the task of developing a set of textbooks for the initial stage of training French language and created books that have become "classics of the genre".
School of International Relations
Authors: Narinskii M. M.
Published: June 2021

International Relations have been and remain not only one of the basic academic disciplines, but also one of the main directions of research work at MGIMO. Doing IR is closely intertwined with theory and practice, history and current events, the desire to combine a deep knowledge of the factual material and research-based evaluation in accordance with objective laws found in international life. Training of highly qualified specialists in international relations is impossible without a fundamental knowledge base. MGIMO-University celebrating its 70th anniversary demonstrates the natural combination of teaching and research activities, exercises the unity of education, science and education. The chair of International Relations and Foreign Policy of Russia (former USSR) plays organizational and coordinating role in the development of scientific school of International relations at MGIMO. Of course, the history of the school is not confined to the work of scientists and teachers of this chair, it includes the study of various aspects of the development of international processes, which isconducted at the chairs of history and politics of Europe and America, Oriental diplomacy, and many others. Combination of historical and contemporaneous studies of international relations is the feature and one of the main strengths of the scientific. The article substantiates the idea that the emergence and development of the national segment of the science of international relations is inextricably linked to the history and contemporary mission of MGIMO University.
Measuring Systemic Risk in the Financial Sector
Authors: Shchepeleva M. A.
Published: June 2021

The article discusses quantitative methods of assessing systemic risk of the financial sector and the possibilities of their practical application. Systemic risk, which is manifested in the failure of financial services provision and deterioration of the financial system, is a complex concept that can be realized in several forms: the risk of infection, exogenous shock, leading to a simultaneous decline in all financial institutions, and the risk of «financial fragility accumulation". The main causes of the imbalances in the system are unjustified loose standards of risk assessment during economic booms, procyclical behavior of economic agents and asymmetric information. The spread of the risk is associated with the financial accelerator mechanism. Realization of systemic risk in the financial sector leads to serious negative consequences for the real sector not only in the national economy, but also abroad. Quantitative methods of risk assessment provide national authorities with useful information for macroprudential supervision aimed at maintaining financial stability. At the same time it is very important that the data used by the regulator is accurate and reliable. After 2008 crisis, a large number of qualitative approaches appeared, but they all reflect only certain aspects of the risk. The article focuses on stress tests, early-warning indicators, network models, VaR- methods and specific indices. According to research, different assessment methods produce different results. In addition, due to insufficient statistical database existing models are good at predicting crises with hindsight, but cannot identify stressful episodes ex-ante. Thus model results should be treated with caution and require further scrutiny. To get a holistic understanding of the systemic risk regulating authorities should apply different quantitative methods together with qualitative approaches and expert judgement.
Development of the Information Technology Sector in India: the Role of Government
Authors: Ashmyanskaya I. S.
Published: June 2021

In the article the author analyses the role of government in developing the information technology sector in India, specifically its influence on the three factors that determine the development of the information technology sector: human resources, launch capital and infrastructure. By developing these factors, the Indian government has succeeded in prompt formation and promotion of the information technology sector. The development of human capital is mainly realized by developing public education programs. The establishment of close ties with the Indian diaspora played a crucial role. The diaspora acted as a link for transmission to India of expertise, investment and knowledge. The availability of start-up capital, especially venture capital, is another essential component for the success of the national information technology sector. The conditions created by a government for the development of the institution of venture investment in the country will be of fundamental importance. Thanks to the measures taken by the government of India, venture capital investment has become the main form of financing for start-ups in the information technology sector in India. Developed infrastructure is also an important factor in the development of the information technology sector. In India, a developing country with a vast territory, there was a problem of infrastructure development, and software technology parks became a solution to this problem for companies in the information technology sector. Over the past 20 years, software technology parks in India has evolved so that industrial parks created almost 50% of the total exports of the IT sector in India. The demonstrated state policy can be characterized as the model of state technological entrepreneurship according to which the Indian government played the roles of regulator, producer and promoter in the information technology sector and continues to do so until the present day.
German Policy Towards Muslim Communities
Authors: Sadykova L. R.
Published: June 2021

The past two-three decades can be characterized by the period of global migration and sharp jump of migratory streams is connected with globalization and with the economic factor, generating labor movement behind resources from Third World countries to the countries with deficiency of labor. The desire to receive comfort life becomes the major reason, and the migrant makes the decision being guided by private interest more often instead of external factors. Western Europe became one of the most important center of gravity of migrants. During the post-war period the need of Europe in foreign labor for restoration of the economy destroyed by war, laid the foundation of mass international migration to this region. Globalization of migratory streams, penetration of foreign culture groups into structure of accepting society and prevalence of multicultural, multiethnic societies are important characteristics of a modern era. Western Europe became one of the most important centers of gravity of migrants. During the post-war period, the need of Europe in foreign labor for restoration of the economy destroyed by war laid the foundation of mass international migration to this region. Special relevance the problem of reception of immigrants, in particular from the Muslim countries, got for the former colonial powers, in particular Great Britain, France, and the Netherlands. Germany also faced this problem; migrants workers from other countries were required for the post-war restoration. Now Germany still is one of the main centers of an attraction of migrants, and concentration of them in this country annually increases. Despite the steps taken by the German government on elimination of Muslim isolation in the German society, its efforts did not bear fruits so far. The majority of Muslims live their life and are still torn off from high life of the country. A possible threat of destruction of the German community appeared when the various ethnic groups appeared in the country.
Russia and Poland: Problems of Inevitable Coexistence
Authors: Ofitserov-Belskiy D. V.
Published: June 2021

Over the last quarter of the century relations between Russia and Poland are balancing between trying to understand the burden of mutual guilt and a desire to construct non-emotional pragmatic relations. Sources of tension vary. In particular, it is the desire of Poland to position itself as a valued player in NATO and the EU and the role distance between the two countries in IR system, which does not allow Russia to maintain an equal political dialogue with Poland. In fact, Poland is not afraid of a direct threat from Russia, but the worst scenario is the one in which Russia without changing the content of its imperial policy can be accepted as a full partner in the international community. The evolution of Russian statehood and national specifics of democracy is largely determined the assessment of the prospects of Russian politics in Poland. The mistake of Polish diplomacy last years was that it took no direct efforts to improve relations with Russia, but only tried to impose the dialogue on Russian authorities. Diplomatic methods were designed to hurt Russian interests and to create a topic for discussion. In response, after 2006 Russia chose the tactic of ignoring Poland. But, ignoring Polish authorities, Russian politicians acted similarly with other political forces. In Poland among influential political forces, there was and there is still no loyalty to Russia. For Russian interests it is no matter who are or will be in power in Poland. However as a rule, it is an important factor that foreign policy decisions are de facto within the competences of the President and the government, as well as experiencing a significant influence of the parliamentary forces. Recent trends show no tangible innovations in bilateral programme. But innovations appear in multilateral and conflict enough issues, such as deployment of US missile defense system in Poland or Polish supervision of "Eastern Partnership" programme. The main problem is low self-sufficiency of bilateral relations and excessive influence of third countries. Any efforts to normalize bilateral relations will be meaningless until the weight of bilateral relations really increases to each of the party.
Transformations of the Food Practices in Modern Russia: the Institutional and Discursive Determinants
Authors: Zarubina N. N.
Published: June 2021

The author analyzes the transformation of the Russian food practices and reveals their discursive and institutional determinants. Feeding practices go beyond the satisfaction of biological needs of human food. They include a range of habitual actions, structured by the rules that are not determined by the physiology and the economy as a system of food production, but social institutions, cultural values, traditions and dominant discourses. Dynamics of food plays practices inherent peculiarities of Russian modernization transformations, which consist in the inversion transition character diametrically opposite types of the institutional organization and value orientations. During the period of economic reforms of the 90-th years of the twentieth century, there was a sharp institutional transition from the Soviet system of distribution of the food to the market system. It turned out to shock for most of the population and led to a controversial change in food practices. On the one hand, the deficit of food disappeared, on the other hand due to the socio-economic stratification the inequality has increased. In addition, the food market was almost completely dominated by profit-oriented manufacturers and retailers, which gave rise to problems of quality and food safety. These problems led to the actualization and interpenetration of medikalized and environmental discourses which reflect a massive concern. The food market development has also led to the marketization and spektaklization of the food practices. This is reflected in the promotion of products through a system of symbols that appeal to irrational emotions, myths, habits and traditions. Diverse discourses of the food practices - medikalizationed, environmental, hedonistic and other discourses, appear as a show representing the various, sometimes conflicting, rules of everyday activities. The functionality of the spektaklization is that it maintains an interest in the field of nutrition as a cultural phenomenon; emphasizes its importance and value. The spektaklization of food is in line traceable to the post-Soviet period general trend of increasing attention to the daily life, transforming it from a repressed and insignificant in the scope of the object of attention and cultivation.
Civic Consciousness in Professional Education of Specialists in International Relations
Authors: Pekushkina D. V.
Published: June 2021

The article analyses characteristic changes of civic and patriotic component in the modern world and notes characteristic features and problems in forming civic consciousness of university students. The author gives special attention to bringing up a citizen in the context of modernizing the system of education and studies the main aspects of building civic competence in students of international relations. The article further considers the correlation between the concepts of "civic consciousness" and "patriotism" at the present stage within the framework of professional training of international relations specialists who stand for state interests, and presents a historical survey of building civic consciousness in future diplomats at the Collegium of Foreign Affairs in the 18th-19th-century Russia. The author stresses the importance of building up civic responsibility and legal consciousness as a reflection of state interests. The author determines and gives solid grounding to the role of civic competence in the professional training of future international relations specialists in accordance with the Federal state education standards of higher education (3rd edition) showing the necessity of developing high professional responsibility based on axiological and spiritual values. The writer comes to the conclusion that it is necessary to study the philosophical, psychological and pedagogical aspects of the process of forming civic consciousness of international relations specialists.
About Motion to Humanistic Biopolitics of the Future
Authors: Zarubina N. N.
Published: June 2021

С.А. Кравченко. «Социокультурная динамика еды: риски, уязвимости, востребованность гуманистической биополитики» М.: Издательство «МГИМО-Университет», 2014. 196 с.
Baltic States in NATO: Results of the Decade
Authors: Vorotnikov V. V.
Published: June 2021

In the post-Soviet period participation in NATO was one of the major goals of euro-atlantic integration for the Baltic states. Political leaders of Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania have considered participation in the alliance as an important element of euro-atlantic solidarity which allows small - from all viewpoints - states claim decision-making over global issues. This satisfies demands of the political elites and victimized public consciousness for more security, makes it possible for elites to consider their states as bulwark against Russia. Throughout the whole decade, such reasoning has been reflected in doctrines and speeches of Baltic politicians. After joining NATO, the Baltic states became the most active supporters of a deeper integration in the military area and "open door" policy. They have continued reforming their armed forces and renovating military infrastructure. They have acquired "specialization" within NATO by establishing centers of excellence. In terms of euro-atlantic solidarity, the participation in the International Security Assistance Force in Afganistan has become the most important international project for the Baltic states. However, only Estonia managed to mount their defence expenses to the level of 2% GDP. During the „Ukranian crisis" the issue of Baltic membership in NATO acquired special importance. Confrontational rhetoric and appeals to "Russian threat" in Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania, on the one hand, make it possible for their political leaders to constantly demonstrate their importance in the eyes of Western partners and demand more activity of the alliance and, on the other hand, make ground for the political elites to consolidate the electorate, by that ensuring that the right-wing conservative forces remain in power.
¿Cómo trabajar las colocaciones latinas en el aula? Una propuesta a partir de sus características combinatorias, semánticas y sintácticas
Authors:   Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (México), Jiménez Martínez María Isabel , Garzón Fontalvo Eveling ,   Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (España)
Published: June 2021

The aim of this articleis twofold: on the one hand, to highlight the main combinatory, semantic and syntactic features of the collocations inLatin and, on the other hand, to provide a series of explanations and exercises that allow students to understand how they work.To do so, first we will focus on the restricted nature of this type of word combinations. Next, we will go deeper into the idea that the nouns, and not the verbs, are the semantic core of these constructions. And finally, we will analyze the syntactic contribution of each of these elements to the whole. All the theoretical explanation of our proposal will be accompanied by a series of practical activities focused on learning to identify, understand, and translate some collocations with the verbs facere, habere and dare
L’iscrizione medievale di Sant’Elia Vecchio a Curinga (Cz) e la fondazione del monastero
Authors:   Università di Firenze (Italia), Magnelli Adalberto
Published: June 2021

A re-examination of the medieval inscription found in Curinga, Southern Italy, reveals the possibility that the monastery there was the “imperiale monasterium” mentioned in the donation deed of 1062 by Robert Guiscard and therefore it was founded in the Middle Byzantine period.
Ενσφράγιστες λαβές αμφορέων από το Σφακάκι και την Ελεύθερνα Ρεθύμνου
Authors:   Υπουργείο Πολιτισμού και Αθλητισμού (Grecia), Τσατσάκη Νίκη
Published: June 2021

Given that excavations at the prefecture of Rethymno during the last decades have brought to light several assemblages of Hellenistic pottery, however, stamped amphora handles remain a rare find. Two such handles have been found during the excavation of a Hellenistic building at Sfakaki, Rethymnon prefecture, while another one was discovered at “House B” of the Nisi site in Eleutherna. Thetwo handles from Sfakaki reveal contacts with the north Aegean and north-west Asia Minor areas. As for the first among them, the morphological features of its shape indicate a probable provenance from Samothrace and its dating in the second half of the 4th century B.C. The second bears the name ΑΛΚΑΝΟΡΟΣ in the stamp, which includes it in a known group of similarly stamped handles, dated in thethird quarter or in the middle of the 3rd century B.C. and probably produced in Troia. The handle from Eleutherna is likely to have a provenance from Kos, and is dated in the second quarter of the 2nd century B.C.
Reshaping Strategies of University Libraries in Ghana towards Sustainable Development Goal 4
Authors: Owusu-Ansah Samuel
Published: June 2021

Ghana has a large and complex higher learning educational system, with an increasing enrolment each year. Given the global significance of the Sustainable Development Goals, this study aims to assess the roles of Ghanaian university libraries in achieving Sustainable Development Goal 4. The study applied a qualitative research approach to examine the strategies deployed by libraries in Ghana and the purposive sampling technique was used to select interviewees. The findings indicate that university libraries in Ghana are at the forefront of providing information and library services to support capacity building. These libraries have ensured inclusiveness to quality education by providing equitable library services, information access, and unbiased information services to all clients without discrimination. The study identified poor public perceptions of these libraries, inadequate funding, and emerging technologies as challenges facing libraries in Ghana. It was revealed that the areas in which information and library services have contributed to Sustainable Development Goal 4 in Ghana are (1) teaching and learning, (2) cooperation and collaboration among stakeholders, (3) promoting sustainable information practices among stakeholders, and (4) information in specific (specialised) contexts. The study concludes that university libraries in Ghana have created an enabling environment, making them increasingly relevant to national and global development. Strategies deployed by these libraries towards Sustainable Development Goal 4 include creating awareness, conducting cutting-edge research, sustaining lifelong learning and quality education, and providing high quality teaching and learning.
Nivel de satisfacción estudiantil sobre el empleo del aula invertida en los posgrados en administración
Authors: Cardoso Espinosa Edgar Oliver
Published: June 2021

El objetivo de la investigación fue valorar la formación de la capacidad de la comunicación matemática en el alumnado de los posgrados en administración mediante el aula invertida. La metodología del estudio fue una investigación cuantitativa con un alcance descriptivo con un diseño cuasiexperimental. El instrumento empleado fue un cuestionario basado en una escala tipo Likert. Los principales resultados fueron que la metodología del aula invertida favorece el desarrollo de la comunicación matemática porque emplea actividades de aprendizaje que propician en forma integrada el razonamiento, la argumentación, el uso de representaciones, el diseño de estrategia de solución y la interpretación de los resultados mediante el trabajo colaborativo y el empleo de recursos digitales. Las conclusiones del estudio fueron la utilidad y relevancia de la metodología del aula invertida como una estrategia  que favorece la comunicación matemática en el alumnado de los posgrados en administración mediante su participación activa en un ambiente de trabajo colaborativo con la guía del profesorado como facilitador lo cual propicia la integración de lo aprendido en el desempeño laboral.
Pandemia SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19, perspectivas y desafíos
Authors: Ramos Reyes Fernando , García Pérez Gabriela
Published: June 2021

La epidemia del SARS-CoV-2 inició en la provincia de Wuhan, China a finales del 2019. Este coronavirus identificado como el agente etiológico del síndrome respiratorio agudo severo, se expandió rápidamente convirtiéndose en una pandemia con afectaciones a nivel mundial. Una vez más, un virus ha traspasado las barreras de especie y nos ha puesto en graves problemas, adaptándose al nuevo hospedero rápidamente y con una transmisión muy eficiente, ocasionando una diseminación mundial en tan sólo unas semanas. Esta revisión tiene el objetivo de informar sobre algunos avances que consideramos importantes y ofrecer perspectivas sobre la situación actual de la pandemia COVID-19. Por supuesto, un gran avance se obtendrá cuando se obtenga un fármaco que pueda ser seguro y controle la infección del SARS-CoV-2 y/o contar con una vacuna segura y eficaz para generar inmunidad a mediano y aún mejor, a largo plazo, si es posible. Con la participación de muchos científicos alrededor del mundo, se ha desatado una carrera contra el tiempo para obtener algún fármaco y/o vacuna que permita mitigar esta pandemia. Por ahora, nuestra recomendación está enfocada en mejorar nuestro estado de salud, realizando cambios en nuestro estilo de vida, lo que seguramente nos permitirá enfrentar a este o a cualquier otro agente infeccioso de mejor forma y tener un mejor pronóstico.
Racionalidad, Neoinstitucionalismo y Teoría de las Ambigüedades: alcances y limites en el Análisis Político
Authors: Reza Granados Rebeca , Asencio López Noemí
Published: June 2021

El presente artículo, tiene como objeto realizar un mapeo de tres perspectivas del neo-institucionalismo y una correspondiente a la teoría de las ambigüedades botes de basura (March y Olsen,1993) y los sistemas flojamente acoplados. En primer lugar, abordamos el enfoque económico del neo-institucionalismo, retomando dos perspectivas: 1) Elección racional, basada en la catalaxia ( Buchanan y Tullock, 2004 ), donde se asume la racionalidad estratégica de los individuos y; 2) el Neo-institucionalismo Económico (NIE), el cual hace una clara división entre lo que es una institución[1] – reglas formales e informales del “juego” – y, una organización –grupo de individuos que diseñan, cumplen y hacen cumplir las reglas del juego- (North, 1993); sin embargo, esta distinción se diluye cuando se realiza una investigación bajo la perspectiva del 3) Neoinstitucionalismo Político (NIP), el cual asume la heterogeneidad de objetivos, la lucha de poder entre líderes de coaliciones distributivas en la arena política (politic’s) y; 4) la teoría de la ambigüedades, mediante el análisis del enfoque denominado “sistemas flojamente acoplados” y “cubo de basura” –este último concepto también es parte de la construcción teórica del NIP- propios de los Estudios Organizacionales , en donde se rescatan las problemáticas para ofrecer soluciones, analizando las rutinas organizacionales, y los elementos mencionados anteriormente, además de la lucha de  fuerzas por el poder al interior y entre las coaliciones distributivas. Es fundamental señalar que estos tres últimos enfoques asumen que los individuos cuentan con una racionalidad limitada.

 

[1] Se les denomina coloquialmente las reglas del juego; cuando son formales se les identifica como aquellas reglas que están escritas; cuando son informales, son las que emanan de la costumbre, cultura, etc. (North, 1993)
Asociación entre índices nutricionales y días de ventilación mecánica en pacientes geriátricos críticamente enfermos
Authors: Martinez Palma Luis Alberto , Enríquez Santos Diana , Alberti Minutti Paolo
Published: June 2021

Objetivo: Encontrar una asociación entre las puntuaciones GNRI y CONUT al ingreso y la presencia de ventilación mecánica prolongada en adultos mayores críticamente enfermos.

Diseño y metodología: Se llevó a cabo un estudio transversal, retrospectivo, en la Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos “Gastón Segovia Mejía” del Centro Médico Dalinde, entre marzo de 2019 y febrero de 2020, se seleccionaron a todos los sujetos mayores de 60 años que requirieron ventilación mecánica al ingreso y por al menos 72 horas, se excluyeron del estudio a pacientes con diagnóstico de neumopatía preexistente. Se formaron dos grupos: Grupo A con menos de 7 días de ventilación mecánica, y Grupo B con más de 7 días de ventilación, se registraron variables demográficas, antropométricas, diagnósticos de ingreso, días de estancia en la UCI, servicio de procedencia, comorbilidades preexistentes, para determinar la gravedad y mortalidad en la UCI se utilizaron las escalas de riesgo APACHE II, SOFA y escalas GNRI y CONUT para valorar el estado nutricional al ingreso.

Resultados: Un total de 68 sujetos cumplieron con los criterios de inclusión, la edad promedio de este estudio fue de 81 años RIQ [72-86], y 51.5%  fueron del sexo masculino, el puntaje de APACHE II fue 22 RIQ [14-26] y SOFA 8 RIQ [5-9], La mediana de días de estancia en la Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos en el grupo A fue de 8 días y 20 días para el grupo de más de 7 días de ventilación mecánica, El grupo A presentó un puntaje de GNRI 90 [74-97], mientras que el grupo B una mediana de 84 puntos de GNRI [75-93] p 0.432, en contraste la escala de CONUT para el grupo A 8 [6-9] y el grupo B 9 [7-11] p 0.135

Limitaciones: el tipo de estudio retrospectivo y el número de muestra limitan la interpretación de los resultados

Originalidad o valor de la investigación: El presente estudio contribuye al conocimiento de la evolución de los pacientes geriátricos ingresados a la Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos que son sometidos a ventilación mecánica y su relación con el grado de desnutrición.

Conclusiones: La nutrición es un factor en la evolución y recuperación de los pacientes geriátricos en estado crítico, la ventilación mecánica es una medida de soporte que debe ser utilizada como tal en los adultos mayores, aunque requiere considerar las características del sujeto, las comorbilidades y la patología que lo llevó a requerir asistencia mecánica ventilatoria.
The effect of composite bonding spot size and location on the performance of poly-ether-ether-ketone (PEEK) retainer wires
Authors: Kadhum Ammar S , Alhuwaizi Akram F
Published: June 2021

Background: Poly-ether-ether-ketone(PEEK) has been introduced to many dental fields. Recently it was tested as a retainer wireâ€Ž following orthodontic treatment. This study aimed to investigate the effect of changing the bonding spot size and location on the performance of PEEK retainer wires. Methods: A biomechanical study involving four three-dimensional finite element models was performed. The basic model was with a 0.8 mm cylindrical cross-section PEEK wire, bonded at the center of the lingual surface of the mandibular incisors with 4 mm in diameter composite spots. Two other models were designed with 3 mm and 5 mm composite sizes. The last model was created with the composite bonding spot of the canine away from the center of the crown, closer to the lateral incisor. The linear displacement of the teeth, strains of the periodontal ligament, and stresses in PEEK wire and composite were evaluated. The data was numerically produced with color coded display by the software. Selected values were tabulated and compared among models. Results: The amount of linear displacement and strain was very low. Stresses in the wire and composite were affected by the size and position of the composite bonding spot. The safe limits were identified at 235 MPa for PEEK and 100 MPa for composite. The basic model had a von Mises stress in the PEEK wire of 122.09 MPa, and a maximum principal stress in the composite of 99.779 MPa. Both stresses were within the safe limits, which means a lower risk of failure in PEEK and composite. All other models had stresses that exceeded the safe limit of the composite. The 3 mm composite model was the only one that developed stresses in the wire more than the safe limits of PEEK. Conclusions: Within the limitations of this study, bonding PEEK wires with 4 mm bonding spots to the clinical crown center provided the best mechanical performance of the wires and spots; otherwise, the mechanical properties of the wire and composite would be affected and, therefore, might affect the retention process. Keywords: Retention, PEEK, Finite element analysis
Traumatic dental injuries in relation to quality of life among school children in Baghdad /Iraq
Authors: Jamal Shahad , MH Radhi Nada J
Published: June 2021

Background: One of the significant public health problems is the traumatic dental injury to the anterior teeth, it has a great impact on childrenâ€™s daily. Physical and psychological disturbance, pain and other negative impacts, such as tendency to avoid laughing or smiling may be associated with traumatic dental injuries, that may affect the social relationships. To determine the occurrence of traumatic dental injuries in relation to quality of life, this study was established among children of primary schools. Material and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among private (574) and governmental (1026) primary school children in Baghdad city. Dental trauma was assessed according to Ellis and Davey classification in1970 and quality of life concerning a child Perceptions Questionnaire (CPQ) was used which consisted according to Jokovic et al.in 2006. Statistical analysis was done using IBMSPASS version (21). Results: Among the permanent anterior dentitions; the most widespread injured teeth were the maxillary central incisors. The boys were more affected with traumatic teeth than girls, as well as a higher percentage noticed in governmental schools than in private schools. Among all quality of life questionnaire, a higher percentage were observed in boys rather than in girls, as well as in governmental schools a higher percentage were listed more than in private schools, all differences were statistically highly significant. Conclusion: A higher association was noticed between traumatic anterior teeth and quality of life for children. Keywords Traumatic dental injuries, quality of life and oral condition.
Uma análise contrastiva dos bergoglismos em corpus de discursos do Papa Francisco
Authors: NOVODVORSKI Ariel , Betin MIRANDA Hellen
Published: June 2021

Em 2013, Jorge Bergoglio, argentino, foi eleito Papa da Igreja Católica de Roma. O interesse por sua personalidade cativante, para além do fato de ser o primeiro pontífice latino-americano, ganhou preponderância, desde então, despertando a curiosidade em torno dos chamados bergoglismos ”“ fala peculiar do Papa Francisco. O objetivo do presente trabalho é analisar marcas de Avaliatividade nos discursos papais oficiais em língua espanhola e nas respectivas traduções para o português. O site oficial do Vaticano disponibiliza, entre outros textos, os discursos papais em diversas línguas. Assim, este trabalho compilou desse site os discursos feitos em países de língua espanhola e suas respectivas traduções para a língua portuguesa. A partir desse corpus, com subsídios da Linguística de Corpus (BERBER SARDINHA, 2004) e as ferramentas do programa WordSmith Tools 6.0 (SCOTT, 2012), foram analisados aspectos de Avaliatividade em torno dos bergoglismos em ambas as línguas. Para isso, a teoria da Avaliatividade (MARTIN; WHITE, 2005) norteou as análises, por meio dos significados dos subsistemas da Atitude (Julgamento, Afeto e Apreciação). Por outro lado, os neologismos foram observados a partir da classificação de Alves (1990). Com esse arcabouço teórico e um quadro metodológico inspirado em Novodvorski (2008; 2013), além das ferramentas da Linguística de Corpus, este trabalho analisou a formação dos neologismos papais e as marcas de Avaliatividade impressas pelo Papa nessas construções neológicas (bergoglismos), comparando-as com as traduções para a língua portuguesa. Para alcançar tais propósitos, além da compilação do corpus de estudo, também se fez oportuna a compilação de um corpus de apoio, com matérias jornalísticas sobre o Papa e, principalmente, sobre os referidos bergoglismos. Espera-se que esta pesquisa contribua para os Estudos da Tradução e da Neologia baseados em corpus, mais especificamente sob a visão da teoria da Avaliatividade e dos recursos da Linguística de Corpus, visto que os procedimentos adotados neste estudo também poderão ser replicados em outros corpora. A combinação teórico-metodológica e a escolha do corpus paralelo espanhol/português mostraram-se produtivas.