bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Book Review: Sukhadeo Thorat and Nidhi Sadhana Sabharwal (eds), Bridging the Social Gap: Perspectives on Dalit Empowerment and Jayshree P. Mangubhai, Human Rights as Practice: Dalit Women Securing Livelihood Entitlements in South India
Authors: Waghmore Suryakant
Published: January 2017

Sukhadeo Thorat and Nidhi Sadhana Sabharwal (eds), Bridging the Social Gap: Perspectives on Dalit Empowerment, New Delhi, SAGE Publications, 2014, xxvii + 279 pp., ₹995 (hardback), ISBN: 9788132113119.

Jayshree P. Mangubhai, Human Rights as Practice: Dalit Women Securing Livelihood Entitlements in South India, New Delhi, Oxford University Press, 2014, xiii + 295 pp., ₹850 (hardback), ISBN: 9780198095453.
Book Review: Jaishri Jethwaney, Social Sector Communication in India: Concepts, Practices and Case Studies
Authors: Mane Rahul
Published: January 2017

Jaishri Jethwaney, Social Sector Communication in India: Concepts, Practices and Case Studies, India, SAGE Publications, 2016, 288 pp., ₹850, ISBN: 9789351508144.
Book Review: B.S. Baviskar and D.W. Attwood, Inside–Outside: Two Views of Social Change in Rural India
Authors: Agarwal Aparna
Published: January 2017

B.S. Baviskar and D.W. Attwood, Inside–Outside: Two Views of Social Change in Rural India, New Delhi, SAGE Publications, 2014, 451 pp., ₹995, ISBN-10: 8132113500/ISBN-13: 978-8132113508.
Anxiety leads to up-regulation of CD36 on the monocytes of chronic hepatitis B-infected patients
Authors: Bakhshi Aliabad Mohammad Hosein , Jafari Elham , Karimi Kakh Mansoureh , Nosratababadi Reza , Bakhshi Hamid , Sheikhha Mohammad Hassan , Bidaki Reza , Askari Azade , Kazemi Arababadi Mohammad
Published: January 2017

Introduction

It has been hypothesized that mental disorders including depression and anxiety can affect immune responses. The study was done to evaluate the relation between depression and anxiety and expression levels of CD36, CD68, and CD9 on peripheral blood monocytes of chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients.

Methods

Sixty CHB patients were selected with various ranges of depression and anxiety. Depression and anxiety were evaluated using a standard questionnaire by an expert psychiatrist according to BECK’s Depression Inventory II and Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale, respectively. The levels of CD36, CD68, and CD9 on the peripheral blood monocytes have been performed using flow cytometry technique.

Results

The results demonstrated that levels of CD36 were significantly increased on the peripheral blood monocytes of CHB patients when compared with CHB patients with no anxiety. Expression levels of CD68 and CD9 were not significantly altered on the CHB patients with various ranges of anxiety. Expression levels of CD36, CD68, and CD9 were also not significantly altered on the CHB patients with various ranges of depression.

Discussion

It seems that anxiety induces inflammation in the CHB patients by induction of alteration in several molecules including up-regulation of CD36. CD36 plays important roles in the induction of tissue damage; hence, it may be hypothesized that anxiety may participate in the induction of some hepatitis B complications.
Prevalence and correlates of major depression among Nigerian adults with sickle cell disease
Authors: Raji Saheed O , Lawani Ambrose O , James Bawo O
Published: January 2017

Objective

To ascertain the current and lifetime prevalence of depression among adults with sickle cell disease and identify relevant socio-demographic and clinical correlates.

Method

A cross-sectional study of 205 stable adult out-patient attendees at a treatment center in southern Nigeria between April and September, 2014. A socio-demographic questionnaire, the depression module of Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview, and the eight-item Morisky Medication Adherence Scale were administered. Categorical and continuous variables associated with a diagnosis of depression were tested using chi-squared and t-tests respectively. Level of significance was set a priori at P < 0.05.

Results

Prevalence of current depression was 16.6%, while lifetime prevalence was 29.8%. Current depression was significantly associated with frequent analgesic use ( P < 0.03), unemployment ( P = 0.04), low income ( P < .04), low educational status ( P < 0.01), and subjective pain ( P < 0.001). Subjective pain was nearly twice as likely to predict a current depressive episode (AOR: 1.81, 95%CI: 1.42–2.02, P < 0.03).

Conclusions

Depression is common among adults with sickle cell disease and is significantly associated with severity of subjective pain.
Late Career Job Loss and Retirement Behavior of Couples
Authors: Lee Ajin
Published: January 2017

This article argues that wealth uncertainty influences when couples choose to retire. Using data from the Health and Retirement Study, I show that wives delay retirement when their husbands retire following a job loss. This effect is stronger when husbands are the primary earners, and couples are relatively poorer. This provides evidence of intra-household insurance that mitigates the impact of an unexpected earnings shock. I find that wives tend to delay retirement only until they become eligible for social security. This suggests that social security benefits can relax households’ budget constraints and allow wives to join their husbands in retirement.
Prediction of Lymph Node Metastases by Lymphoscintigraphy of the Neck after Peri‐Cancer Injection of a Radiocolloid
Authors: Parell G. Joseph , Becker Gary D. , Simpson George T.
Published: January 2017

Radionuclide imaging is used to evaluate the status of neck nodes preoperatively in a small group of patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma. An area adjacent to the carcinoma, and a similar area on the opposite side of the oral cavity, are injected with Technetium (Tc) 99m labeled sulfur minicolloid. Differences in imaging intensity between both sides of the neck is used to predict the presence of metastases. Neck dissection confirms the histologic status of the nodes. The scan correctly predicts the Presence of metastases in 100% (2/2) of patients with palpable nodes, and the absence of metastases in 75% (3/4) of patients with clinically tested negative necks.
Postoperative and Follow‐up Studies of Spastic Dysphonia Patients Treated by Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve Section
Authors: Izdebski Krzysztof , Dedo Herbert H. , Shipp Thomas , Flower Richard M.
Published: January 2017

Long‐term results of surgical treatment of spastic dysphonia by RLN section are evaluated by means of perceptual psychophysical scaling and by the patients themselves. It is found that a significant reduction in spastic dysphonia symptoms occurs as a result of surgery, and that these results are maintained after long‐term follow‐up in the majority of patients. These experimental observations are in agreement with the subjective assessment of postsurgical communication by the patients involved in the study.
Brain Stem Response Evoked by Electrical Stimulation of the round Window of the Guinea Pig
Authors: Yamane Hitoshi , Marsh Roger R. , Potsic William P.
Published: January 2017

The wave that is believed to correspond to wave V in man is an appropriate indicator of auditory nerve excitability because it is not contaminated by nonauditory neurogenic responses to electrical stimulation. The responses to direct electrical stimulation of the auditory nerve could be distinguished from the electrophonic response by the steep input‐output function and constant latency of the former. Myogenic responses are prominent unless a muscle relaxant is administered.
Effect of Site of Stimulation on the Guinea Pig's Electrically Evoked Brain Stem Response
Authors: Marsh Roger R. , Yamane Hitoshi , Potsic William P.
Published: January 2017

Stimulation by a bipolar modiolus electrode yields a wider dynamic range than does monopolar stimulation at the same site. Stimulation via a single electrode in the scala tympani or scala vestibuli is characterized by a precipitous input‐output function, but current passing from one scala to the other generates a discontinuous function with a shallow slope at low intensities and a steep slope at high intensities.
The Implication of Viruses in Idiopathic Sudden Hearing Loss: Primary Infection or Reactivation of Latent Viruses?
Authors: Veltri Robert W. , Wilson William R. , Sprinkle Philip M. , Rodman Susan M. , Kavesh Debra A.
Published: January 2017

Seventy‐seven paired serum samples from patients with known idiopathic sudden hearing loss (ISHL) were surveyed using viral serologic methods. Fifteen different viruses and Mycoplasma pneumoniae were the agents tested. We determined an incidence of 65% (49/77) of documented significant seroconversions to one or more of the agents surveyed. Multiple agents were involved in 24 of the 49 positive cases we studied. Influenza virus Group B in 14 (18%) and rubeola in 12 (16%) were the most prevalent, followed by Herpes simplex type 1 in 6 (8%), mumps in 6 (8%), influenza Group A3 in 6 (8%), rubella in 5 (7%), and cytomegalovirus (CMV) in 5 (7%).
Xeroradiographs in Revisional Septorhinoplasty
Authors: Strelzow Victor V. , Briant T. David R.
Published: January 2017

Because of the continuing increase in the popularity of cosmetic nasal surgery, the revision of previously augmented septorhinoplasties has become more common. With the use of autogenous grafts and the popularization of several synthetic implant materials, a correct preoperative evaluation of the augmented nasal dorsum has become more difficult. Several such patients were examined using conventional soft tissue roentgenograms and xerograms. The latter method produced an improved image of the nasal skeleton when compared with the conventional soft tissue examination. The support for this conclusion is provided by clinical photographs, x‐rays films, and xerograms of illustrative cases.
Hypernasal Speech following Adenotonsillectomy
Authors: Croft Charles B. , Shprintzen Robert J. , Ruben Robert J.
Published: January 2017

Extensive study of 120 patients with hypernasal speech following adenotonsillectomy showed that 48 had no evidence of abnormal speech prior to surgery and 41 had minor speech anomalies exacerbated postoperatively. Thirty‐five patients had the classical stigma of submucous cleft palate and another 20 had occult submucous clefts. Fifty‐seven of the patients had adenotonsillectomies because of recurrent middle ear effusions, but in the majority of these cases, recurrent middle ear disease continued even after surgery, probably secondary to palatal abnormalities.
Laser Photocoagulation in Hereditary Hemorrhagic Telangiectasia
Authors: Parkin James L. , Dixon John A.
Published: January 2017

Recurrent epistaxis is usually the main symptom found in patients with hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT)—Osler Rendu Weber syndrome. Therapies have included intranasal cautery, septal dermoplasty, intra‐arterial embolization, and arterial ligation. These procedures have met with limited success. Laser photocoagulation has achieved early success in the gastrointestinal (GI) telangiectatic lesions.

In this report, cutaneous and intranasal lesions of eight HHT patients have been treated with laser photocoagulation using a flexible fiber delivery system connected to 3 W argon and 55 W neodymium:yttrium‐aluminum‐garnet (Nd:YAG) laser sources. The patients noted a great reduction in the frequency and severity of epistaxis, reduction in the need for blood transfusion, and reduction in iron therapy necessary to maintain adequate hemoglobin levels. Previously, five of these patients were considered treatment failures after extensive surgical therapy. No serious complications have been encountered.

Laser photocoagulation of HHT patients appears to be a promising therapeutic advance. The progressive nature of HHT necessitates close follow‐up and retreatment of new lesions as they appear.
Thyroid Abscess
Authors: Schweitzer Vanessa Gayl , Olson Nels R.
Published: January 2017

Primary thyroid abscess arising from acute suppurative thyroiditis is an unusual type of head and neck infection. Only 39 cases of thyroid abscess have been reported in the medical literature since 1950. Sixteen of these cases (41%) were in children.

This presentation reports in detail two additional adult patients with thyroid abscesses. In addition, the incidence, etiology, signs and symptoms, complications, aids to diagnosis, and management are reviewed. Systemic antimicrobials combined with prompt surgical intervention will prevent the serious complications possible with this disease.
Immunologic Detection of Occult Primary Cancer of the Head and Neck
Authors: Neel H. Bryan , Pearson Gary R. , Weiland Louis H. , Taylor William F. , Goepfert Helmuth H.
Published: January 2017

Because antibody titers against Epstein‐Barr virus (EBV) antigens often are elevated in patients with active undifferentiated and nonkeratinizing nasopharyngeal carcinoma, anti‐EBV serologic tests have been applied as a diagnostic aid in patients who have metastatic lymphadenopathy in the neck without an obvious source. In this study of 44 patients, the serologic testing procedure proved useful in identifying six patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma that was initially occult but was eventually confirmed by biopsy.
Potentiation of Infections by Biomaterials: A Comparison of Three Materials
Authors: Karlan Marc S. , Mufson Richard A. , Grizzard Michael B. , Buscemi Paul A. , Hench Larry , Goldberg Eugene P.
Published: January 2017

Biomaterial implants frequently potentiate infections in patients, yet rarely have we considered the interactions between bacteria and biomaterials responsible for this. There is extensive literature concerning suture materials of various types and a few studies comparing porous and solid implants. We have developed a simple, relatively atraumatic model for comparing rates of infection surrounding a biomaterial implant in paired single animal observations. Statistically significant differences between silicone and fluorocarbon implants and between silicone and bioglass implants are demonstrated. The relatively greater rate of infection with silicones is consistent with a previous clinical study. The further use of this model for evaluation of material‐surface interfacial effects is proposed.
Perichondritis of the Larynx following Radiation
Authors: Mintz D.R. , Gullane Patrick J. , Thomson D.H. , Ruby R.R.F.
Published: January 2017

In a retrospective study of 348 patients receiving radiotherapy as the primary treatment for carcinoma involving the laryngeal region, perichondritis developed in 52—an incidence of 15%. Of these 52 cases of clinically diagnosed perichondritis, 50% had residual or recurrent carcinoma. A controversy exists regarding the value of frequent and multiple biopsies in these patients; disease will be missed if this is not done, but perichondritis and cartilage necrosis may result from infection introduced by repeated laryngeal manipulation. On the basis of this study the authors recommend an aggressive approach with close follow‐up and multiple frequent biopsies as the data indicate an incidence of 50% recurrent or residual tumor when perichondritis is present.
The Effect of Blood Pressure on Compression‐Induced Facial Nerve Neuropraxia in the Cat
Authors: Roffman George D. , Babin Richard W. , Ryu Jai H.
Published: January 2017

The facial nerves of 21 adult anesthetized cats were exposed from the parotid gland to the orbicularis oculi muscle. The summated action potential (SAP) of the orbicularis oculi muscle was recorded. A calibrated pressure block was applied to the intact facial nerve between the stimulating electrode and the muscle. Pressures of between 150 and 200 mm Hg caused a rapid stable neuropraxia.

In ten animals the blood pressure was elevated by a constant levarterenol infusion. In 11 animals the blood pressure was elevated by coarcting the abdominal aorta and volume overloading the rostral vascular system. In both groups, in all animals, when the systolic blood pressure exceeded the pressure applied to the nerve, a substantial increase in SAP amplitude was noted. If the systolic pressure was allowed to fall below the pressure on the nerve, the neuropraxia rapidly returned. This data suggest that within a physiologic pressure range of 150 to 200 mm Hg there is a reversible ischemic phase of compression neuropraxia and it is in complete accord with the earlier work of Devriese.
Electrodermal Audiometry: Renewed Acquaintance with an Old Friend
Authors: Stankiewicz James , Fankhauser Charles E. , Strom C. Gordon
Published: January 2017

Reasonable requirements for any test of nonorganic hearing impairment are that the procedure should result in both identification of a nonorganic problem and an accurate determination of true organic thresholds. In our clinical experience, no hearing test meets the determination of threshold requirement as accurately and as efficiently as electrodermal audiometry (EDR).

The purpose of this presentation is to offer a brief review of our recent clinical experience with EDR audiometry, including representative case histories.
Inverting Papilloma of the Sphenoid Sinus
Authors: McElveen John T. , Fee Willard E.
Published: January 2017

Although inverting papillomas originating from the paranasal sinuses have been reported, inverting papillomas emanating from the sphenoid sinus are exceedingly rare. The following is a case report and one year follow‐up of a 57‐year‐old white man who underwent a radical sphenoidostomy for recurrent inverting papilloma of the sphenoid sinus. The patient, to date, is free of disease.
Osteoid‐Producing Orbital Ethmoid Tumor
Authors: Katsantonis George P. , Friedman William H. , Smith Kenneth R.
Published: January 2017

Fibro‐osseous lesions of the paranasal sinuses, especially those that contain multinucleated giant cells, demonstrate a significant histopathologic overlap although they manifest themselves throughout a wide range of clinical behavior. They routinely require a critical clinical and pathologic interpretation. Often, the clinical course of the disease is the only guide to diagnosis and mode of treatment.

This study presents the case of a 4‐year‐old boy with an osteoid‐producing tumor of the ethmoid sinus. Despite an original diagnosis of fibrous dysplasia, the lesion followed a relentless course. Eventually, maxillectomy, orbital exenteration, and craniotomy were required to control the disease. The literature of fibro‐osseous lesions of the paranasal sinuses is reviewed and an attempt is made to classify these lesions according to their clinical behavior.
Surgical Management of the Large Cavernous Hemangioma
Authors: Bardach Janusz , Panje William
Published: January 2017

The technique discussed in this paper enables the surgeon to perform extensive excision of large cavernous hemangiomas with minimal blood loss, thus increasing the safety of surgical treatment. The method consists of using through and through 2‐0 silk mattress sutures surrounding the hemangioma, thus cutting off the blood supply.
Lymphocytic Streaming as an Indicator of Inner Ear Compartmentalization
Authors: Roffman George , Babin Richard W.
Published: January 2017

Despite a great deal of anatomic and physiologic data in animals, controversy still exists over whether or not the perilymphatic space in man is directly connected to the intracranial space via a patent cochlear aqueduct or other fluid channel. Human physiologic data are limited, indirect, and conflicting. Anatomic and pathologic data have heretofor been inadequate for answering the question convincingly. The temporal bones of a 19‐year‐old woman with central nervous system lymphoblastic leukemia are discussed. The passive‐appearing movement of lymphoblasts between cerebrospinal fluid and perilymphatic spaces suggests both a functionally patent cochlear aqueduct and alternate pathways.
Facial Paralysis in Children: Differential Diagnosis
Authors: May Mark , Fria Thomas J. , Blumenthal Frank , Curtin Hugh
Published: January 2017

The differential diagnosis in 170 patients between birth and 18 years of age is reviewed. There are a number of obvious physical findings and historical features that allow one to make a diagnosis rather quickly. Pain, vesicles, a red pinna, vertigo, and sensorineural hearing loss suggest herpes zoster oticus. Slow progression beyond three weeks, recurrent facial paralysis involving the same side, facial twitching, weakness, or no return of function after six months indicate a neoplasm. Bilateral simultaneous facial paralysis indicates a cause other than Bell's palsy, such as Guillain‐Barré syndrome, pseudobulbar palsy, sarcoidosis, and leukemia. Recurrent facial paralysis associated with a fissured tongue, facial edema, and a positive family history should suggest Melkersson‐Rosenthal syndrome.
Peritonsillar Abscess in the Pediatric Population
Authors: Richardson Kurt A. , Birck Herbert
Published: January 2017

This paper reports on 115 pediatric patients who were treated for peritonsillar abscess at The Columbus Children's Hospital. Its purpose is to document the threefold increase of peritonsillar abscess between 1969 and 1978, relating this to the simultaneous decrease in the number of tonsillectomies by about one third. The paper further shows that 55 of 115 patients underwent successful treatment by immediate tonsillectomy with lower morbidity and shorter hospital stay when compared with 60 patients treated medically. The timing of the operation will also be discussed. We believe that immediate tonsillectomy is the treatment of choice.
Peritonsillar Abscess: Needle Aspiration
Authors: Herzon Fred S. , Aldridge Jeffrey H.
Published: January 2017

Needle aspiration and antibiotics (usually penicillin) were used as the sole initial treatment of peritonsillar abscess in 29 patients over a 2 1/2‐year period. Positive aspirations occurred in 23 patients, 19 (82%) of whom had complete resolution of their abscesses without further initial therapy. The implications of these findings are discussed.
Use of a New Mucoperiosteal Flap from the Upper Lateral Nasal Wall in Frontal Sinus Surgery
Authors: Dokianakis George S. , Helidonis Emmanuel , Karamitsos Dimitris , Papazoglou George
Published: January 2017

Various mucoperiosteal flaps from the nose (nasal walls) are in use today in frontal sinus surgery in cases where a wide opening between the frontal sinus and the nasal cavity is created. These flaps are transferred to cover denuded bone in the area of opening and thus prevent the opening from narrowing or closing, which would result in the reappearance of frontal sinus problems. In this paper, a new mucoperiosteal flap taken from the upper extension of middle turbinate is described.
Cervical Necrotizing Fasciitis
Authors: Gallia Louis J. , Johnson Jonas T.
Published: January 2017

The fourth known case of cervical necrotizing fasciitis is presented to illustrate pertinent clinical, diagnostic, and therapeutic features of this entity. The case occurred after a dental abscess; complications included acute airway obstruction, mediastinitis, and septic shock. Extensive surgical exposure and drainage were required for control.
Blindness: A Complication of Odontogenic Sinusitis
Authors: Robbins K.T. , Tarshis Lorne M.
Published: January 2017

Serious orbital complications including blindness can develop from odontogenic sinusitis. A case history is described of a patient with odontogenic maxillary and ethmoid sinusitis in whom an orbital abscess developed followed by sudden blindness. The pathogenesis and treatment are discussed.
Sudden Blindness following Facial Trauma
Authors: Panje William R. , Gross Cordell E. , Anderson Richard L.
Published: January 2017

Blindness following facial trauma may occur with what appears to be a minor insult to the periorbital area. This report deals with our experience in treating five patients who had sudden blindness following frontal head trauma. Unselected optic nerve decompression was in general unrewarding in reversing blindness. However, the early administration of pharmacologic doses of corticosteroids does appear effective in reversing blindness in this select patient population and may indicate which patient is a good candidate for decompression. Examination of holographic experiments performed on dried skulls, in addition to clinical findings, appears to suggest that the cause of blindness associated with frontal head trauma may be related to stretching of the optic nerve and not necessarily to compression.
Combined Laryngeal Conservation Surgery and Irradiation: Can We Expand the Indications for Conservation Therapy?
Authors: Goepfert Helmuth , Lindberg Robert D. , Iesse Richard H.
Published: January 2017

Thirty‐nine patients (median age of 60 years) with carcinoma of the supraglottic larynx (N=16), vocal cord (N=4), and hypopharyngeal wall and pyriform sinus (N=19) were treated by combined conservation surgery and radiation therapy. Thirty‐three patients had postoperative treatment, and the remaining six were given preoperative irradiation. The plan was chosen because of clinical and pathologic features known to be fraught with a high incidence of recurrence above the clavicles. Long‐term complications occurred in six patients, two of whom died of aspiration pneumonia. Thirty‐eight patients completed their treatment and have been followed for a median of 48 months (1 1/2 to six years). Survival rates are 56% and 63% for absolute and determinant cases, respectively.
Posterior Epistaxis: Comparison of Treatment
Authors: Wang Louis , Vogel Daniel H.
Published: January 2017

Eighty‐five admissions for posterior epistaxis were reviewed, and treatment with posterior packs was compared with surgical ligation. The failure rates (26.2% vs 14.3%), complication rates (68.8% vs 40%), and length of hospitalization (7.8 days vs 5.6 days) all favor surgical ligation as the definitive treatment for posterior epistaxis.
Chemotactic Activity in Middle Ear Effusions
Authors: Bernstein Joel M. , Park Byung H.
Published: January 2017

A study of chemotactic activity in different middle ear effusions (MEE) was undertaken using a technique that has overcome some of the pitfalls of previous chemotactic investigations on MEE. In the present study, neutrophils were made to migrate upwards toward a chemotactic gradient. Chemotactic activity was differentiated from increased random migration by the use of a two‐filter paper system. The study indicated that directed migration or chemotaxis was present in 65% of purulent effusions, in approximately 25% to 30% of serous and seromucinous effusions, but in less than 20% of mucoid effusions. Chemotactic agents in MEE have been discussed. Chemotactic activity for neutrophils may be an important part of the inflammatory response in otitis media with effusion (OME) and responsible for the elimination of bacteria and other foreign particles. On the other hand, prolonged chemotactic activity owing to immunologic or nonimmunologic mechanisms may be responsible for the release of lysosomal enzymes and the subsequent maintenance of an inflammatory response in middle ear tissue. The exact mechanism and nature of the underlying chemotactic response for leukocytes in OME remain to be determined.
Combined Therapy for Vascular Lesions of the Head and Neck with Intra‐Arterial Embolization and Surgical Excision
Authors: Biller Hugh F. , Krespi Yosef P. , Som Peter M.
Published: January 2017

Large extracranial arteriovenous malformations (AVM) are considered rare. Most of these lesions appear as soft tissue masses or as bleeding. Symptoms relate to the tumor site.

The clinical diagnosis of AVM should be confirmed by selective angiography. The preferred technique for carotid angiography is selective catheterization by the retrograde femoral approach based on Seldinger's method.
Massive Congenital Arteriovenous Malformation of the Pterygomaxillary Space
Authors: Leipzig Bruce , Yau Pak C.
Published: January 2017

A case is presented of a massive congenital, extracranial arteriovenous malformation (AVM). The origins and hemodynamic considerations that led to prior treatment failure are discussed. A sudden accelerated growth in the AVM, caused by an alteration in the hemodynamics of the feeding and draining vessels, mandated further surgical management. The treatment of choice is complete surgical excision at the time of diagnosis, if possible. Ligation of the feeding vessels alone is unsatisfactory and, like other adjunctive treatments, may lead to disastrous complications.
The New Tongue
Authors: Conley John , Sachs Michael E. , Parke Robert B.
Published: January 2017

Rehabilitation of major resections of the tongue has always posed a serious problem. This paper presents the feasibility and rationale of rehabilitating partial glossectomies by the use of the pectoralis major myocutaneous flap and the fabrication of a “new tongue” by the use of this flap. The criteria for these techniques in benign and malignant tumors of the tongue are outlined. The segmental innervation of the pectoralis major muscle from a variety of three to five nerve branches permits the development of a skin‐muscle flap that may be transposed with its nerve supply intact or totally denervated, depending upon the status of the hypoglossal nerves and tongue in the operative field. This presents the possibility of transposing a skin‐muscle flap into a glossal wound with a completely intact nerve supply where the new flap is under constant instruction in its new physiologic environment. It also presents the possibility of neurotization of the denervated section of the muscle flap by axones from the intact segment of tongue. A third possibility is the fabrication of a “new tongue” by the transfer of the hypoglossal nerves into the denervated segment of the peripheral aspect of the myocutaneous flap. This variety and combination of rehabilitative techniques introduces a new phase into the rehabilitation of the tongue.
Survival of Implanted Irradiated Cartilage
Authors: Babin Richard W. , Ryu Jai H. , Gantz Bruce J. , Maynard Jerry A.
Published: January 2017

The survival of irradiated homograft cartilage was investigated in cats at three‐ to nine‐week and 14‐ to 16‐month intervals. Compared to fresh homograft and autograft cartilage grafts, irradiated homografts showed significantly higher resorption and bony replacement. It was also clear that irradiated cartilage survived as a nonviable implant.
Cerebrospinal Fluid ‘Leaks’ and Meningitis following Acoustic Tumor Surgery
Authors: Hughes Gordon B. , Glasscock Michael E. , Hays James W. , Jackson C. Gary , Sismanis Aristides
Published: January 2017

We reviewed 271 intracanalicular and cerebellopontine angle lesions removed over the past ten years, 237 by the translabyrinthine or combined approach which created a mastoid defect. The patients were divided into three groups with the following results: (1) obliteration of the mastoid defect combined with older wound closure techniques in the first 188 patients produced CSF leakage in 25% and meningitis in 16% of cases; (2) not obliterating the defect intentionally in 16 patients produced CSF leakage in 50% and meningitis in 25% of cases; and (3) obliteration of the defect combined with newer packing and closure techniques in the last 33 patients produced CSF leakage and meningitis in only 6% of cases. Four problem areas were identified: The eustachian tube, middle ear, mastoid defect, and postauricular wound. Of these, obliteration of the mastoid defect was most important in minimizing postoperative CSF wound leakage, CSF rhinorrhea, and meningitis.
Osteoradionecrosis of the Temporal Bone
Authors: Wurster Carl F. , Krespi Yosef P. , Curtis Arthur W.
Published: January 2017

Osteoradionecrosis of the temporal bone is a rare but potentially lethal complication of therapeutic irradiation to the cranial vault and surrounding tissues. The possibility that radionecrosis of the endomeatal skin and secondary infection are simultaneously prerequistite and responsible for the development of this condition is reviewed. The long‐term follow‐up of such patients is urged as well as the continued reporting of this complication.
Westernization of the Oriental Eyelid
Authors: McCurdy John A.
Published: January 2017

Operations for creation of the superior palpebral fold in the oriental eye are increasingly popular in both the Orient and other areas with large Asian populations. As the desires of each patient vary, careful preoperative evaluation is mandatory to define the type of “double eyelid” that the patient requests. A reliable and predictable surgical procedure for the oriental eye that allows individualization of both the level of the superior palpebral fold and the depth of the sulcus is described.
TORPs and PORPs in Tympanoplasty: A Review of 1042 Operations
Authors: Brackmann Derald E. , Sheehy James L. , Luxford William M.
Published: January 2017

We reviewed 1042 operations in which a Plasti‐Pore prosthesis was used for reconstruction of the sound pressure transfer mechanism. In all cases cartilage was interposed between the prosthesis and the tympanic membrane or graft. The short‐term hearing results for these cases are the same as for other techniques but the hearing is more stable in the long run. Other advantages of this technique are a reduced incidence of recurrent and residual cholesteatoma. Extrusion occurred in 7% of the cases but has become less frequent with recent refinements in technique. We intend to continue using Plasti‐Pore prostheses in tympanoplasty.
Ototoxic and Nephrotoxic Effects of Combined Treatment with cis‐Diamminedichloroplatinum and Kanamycin in the Guinea Pig
Authors: Schweitzer Vanessa G. , Hawkins Joseph E. , Lilly David J. , Litterst Charles J. , Abrams Gerald , Davis Julie A. , Christy Michael
Published: January 2017

Ototoxic and nephrotoxic potentiation with concomitant cis‐diamminedichloroplatinum, or cis‐platinum II (CSP), and aminoglycoside therapy was investigated in the guinea pig. We evaluated possible potentiation of the toxic effects of CSP and kanamycin compared with CSP alone in the inner ear and kidney and quantitatively localized CSP in the cochlea with gamma emission analysis of 195mPt. Kanamycin‐treated animals demonstrated cytocochleograms and ABR waveforms, absolute latencies, and interwave latencies for waves I, II, and III similar to control animals at our maximum level of acoustic stimulation. CSP treatment produced 60% to 70% mean outer hair cell (OHC) loss in the basal turn of the cochlea, a reduction In ABR waveform and amplitude, and an Increase in latencies of ABR waves I, II, and III. Combined CSP and kanamycin treatment produced 90% to 100% mean OHC loss in all rows of the basal turn of the cochlea, with no discernible ABR waveform corresponding to the region stimulated by a 4500 to 7000 Hz acoustic click. Combined treatment produced the most significant cortical medullary tubular necrosis and interstitial nephritis. Furthermore, this study reports for the first time localization of platinum in the inner ear.
Current Status of Surgery for Meniere's Disease
Authors: Glasscock Michael E. , Kveton John F. , Christiansen Sidney G.
Published: January 2017

Surgical intervention is indicated in Meniere's disease when symptoms persist in spite of an adequate trial of medical therapy. At The Otology Group, three surgical procedures are employed for the individual not responding to medical management. These are (1) the endolymphatic mastoid shunt, (2) the middle fossa vestibular nerve section, and (3) the translabyrinthine labyrinthectomy. The selection of the surgical procedures depends on a number of factors, including age, severity of symptoms, status of the contralateral ear, and hearing in the affected ear. As a general rule, if the patient has serviceable hearing, the first operation suggested is the endolymphatic shunt because of its low morbidity. Should this procedure fail, the middle fossa approach is recommended if the patient is not over 60 years of age. Translabyrinthine labyrinthectomy is recommended for those patients over 60 years of age as well as for younger patients with unilateral profound hearing loss.
Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Congenital Midline Nasal Masses
Authors: Lusk Rodney P. , Lee Phillip C.
Published: January 2017

Congenital midline nasal masses are rare lesions with potential intracranial extensions. Thus, thoughtful preoperative evaluation Is essential in planning the appropriate surgical approach, to prevent such complications as cerebral spinal fluid leaks and meningitis. Preoperative computerized tomographic (CT) scans are useful in visualizing bony defects, but are not well suited for soft tissue imaging. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) Is the latest advance in cross‐sectional imaging technology. It offers superior soft tissue contrast, is noninvasive, and does not use ionizing radiation. It is particularly useful in imaging encephaloceles. Three cases of congenital midline masses are presented as illustrations. Two dermoid cysts demonstrate the usefulness of MRI in ruling out intracranial extension. A large encephalocele dramatically demonstrates the superiority of MRI in imaging the brain herniating into the nose. Since MRI is noninvasive and does not use ionizing radiation, it should be considered before CT scanning, to rule out intracranial extension.
Electrical tinnitus suppression: A double‐blind crossover study
Authors: Dobie Robert A. , Hoberg Kathryn E. , Rees Thomas S.
Published: January 2017

A wearable device for transcutaneous electrical tinnitus suppression (ETS) has recently been reported to be effective for relief of tinnitus. Twenty patients with sensorineural hearing loss and tinnitus participated in a double‐blind crossover study. Both active devices and internally disconnected placebo devices, supplied by the manufacturer, were used. Reduction in severity of tinnitus was reported by 2 of 20 patients (10%) with the active device and by 4 of 20 (20%) with the placebo device. Fifteen of 20 (75%) had no relief with either device. Those who preferred the placebo device, however, reported only minimal relief, while one of the two who preferred the active device stated it had reduced tinnitus severity by 70% to 80%. This patient was recalled for a series of one‐hour test sessions, during which either an active or placebo device was used, according to a random schedule. On each of four on trials, the score for severity of tinnitus for each ear decreased by at least 50% (median = 70%), while in three off trials, the severity of tinnitus was unchanged or decreased by up to 30% (median = 16%). We conclude that the Theraband headset is effective for a small proportion of patients with sensorineural hearing loss and tinnitus.
Periodic Alternating Nystagmus
Authors: Dibartolomeo Joseph R. , Yee Robert D.
Published: January 2017

Horizontal jerk nystagmus is indicative of a disorder involving the vestibular system. Periodic alternating nystagmus is a form of spontaneous nystagmus with a specific pattern. It is identified by the presence of spontaneous nystagmus in the primary direction of gaze, which beats in one direction for 1 or 2 minutes, followed by a null period, and then reappearance of the nystagmus in the opposite direction for a similar length of time. It may be congenital or acquired, and may be seen in association with vestibular‐cerebellar disease or loss of vision. Recent case reports indicate that some forms of periodic alternating nystagmus may respond favorably to baclofen therapy.
B‐Mode ultrasonography of the paranasal sinuses compared with CT findings
Authors: Gianoli Gerard J. , Mann Wolfgang J. , Miller Robert H.
Published: January 2017

Ultrasound as a diagnostic aid In the evaluation of the sinuses has been a controversial Issue. Sensitivities have been reported from 29% to 100% and specificities from 55% to 99%. These wide variations in results from previous studies may have resulted from technical differences. However, the “gold standard” most often used for comparison has been a Water's view radiograph, which has been shown to correlate poorly with intraoperative and CT scan findings. To our knowledge, no one In the English language literature has evaluated sonography of the sinuses with computed tomography as the gold standard. In addition, evaluation of the ethmoid sinus has been neglected by previous studies that have primarily assessed the maxillary sinus. We report the results of a blinded, prospective trial comprised of 41 patients examined by B‐mode ultrasound with comparison to computed tomography. Frontal and maxillary sinuses were examined with traditional sonographic techniques and the ethmoid sinuses were scanned with a transglobe technique not previously evaluated in the English language literature. Excluding Isolated mucous retention cysts and focal minimal mucosal thickening (defined as <4 mm), sensitivities for ultrasound of the maxillary, frontal, and ethmoid sinuses were 100% each. Specificities were 98% for the maxillary sinus, 100% for the frontal sinus, and 94% for the ethmoid sinus. Technical aspects and implications of this and previous reports will be discussed.
Use of electrocochleography to monitor antigenic challenge in Meniere's disease
Authors: Viscomi George J. , Bojrab Dennis I.
Published: January 2017

Allergy has been reported as a cause of Meniere's disease. King et al. have established the validity of the provocative food test (PFT) for the diagnosis of food allergy. When the PFT is used to fest patients with Meniere's disease, the test is considered positive If the patient develops aural fullness, hearing loss, increased tinnitus, or dizziness during challenge with the offending food and relief of these symptoms during neutralization. Ferraro et al. have shown that electrocochleography (ECoG) provides an objective indication of subjective symptoms In Meniere's disease by demonstrating an Increased SP/AP amplitude ratio when the symptoms of aural fullness and hearing loss are present. We present several patients with Meniere's disease In whom measurement of the SP/AP amplitude ratio was compared with symptom production during antigenic challenge and neutralization.
Epidemiology and pathogenesis of paranasal sinus mycoses
Authors: Chakrabarti Arunaloke , Sharma S. C. , Chander J.
Published: January 2017

In a prospective study, 50 cases of paranasal sinus mycoses were diagnosed in 2 years out of 119 clinically suspected patients from north India. Young men from rural areas were most commonly afflicted. Patients with paranasal sinus mycoses could be grouped In three clinical varieties:noninvasive, 31;Invasive, 17;allergic, 2. Maxillary and ethmoid were the common sinuses concurrently Involved In these patients, whereas sphenoid and frontal sinuses were also affected In Invasive variety.Aspergillus flavus(80%) was the most common Isolate, followed by −4.fumlgatus(6%). Alternarla species was identified in two patients with noninvasive granuloma. In Invasive variety,Rhlzopus arrhlzusandCandida albicanswere the causative agents In two patients and one patient, respectively. Regarding pathogenesis besides epidemiologic factors, the Immunologic factors were also evaluated. It was found that presence or absence of precipitating antibody against antigens from the etlologlc agents correlates well with disease progression. Allergic factor was found In all varieties, though presence of cell‐mediated Immunity was demonstrated In 29% patients with noninvasive granuloma only. The combination of skin test against aspergillin and precipitin demonstration at the outset will therefore help in preliminary screening.
Induction of heat shock protein in interdental cells by hyperthermia
Authors: Thompson Ann M. , Neely J. Gail
Published: January 2017

The effect of hyperthermia on Induction of the 72 kllodalton (kDa) heat shock protein (HSP72) was examined In interdental cells of the guinea pig cochlea. After being Immersed in a water bath of either normal body temperature (37° C, control condition) or 43° C (hyperthermic condition), animals were killed either 0, 1, 2, 6, or 18 hours later. Cochlear sections were incubated with a monoclonal antibody raised against HSP72 and relative staining densities were quantified with a light microscopic image analysis system. Optical densities of the interdental cell region of animals receiving hyperthermia treatment were significantly greater than those of animals in the control group. Further analysis revealed that levels of HSP72 Immunoreactlvlty began increasing by 1 hour after hyperthermia and continued to increase thereafter, to reach maximal levels at 6 hours. The maximal levels were maintained for the rest of the experiment—18 hours. The results indicate that hyperthermia leads to an increase in the synthesis of HSP72 in guinea pig Interdental cells.
Arterial chemoreceptor influences on the laryngeal chemoreflex
Authors: Woodson Gayle E. , Brauel George
Published: January 2017

Prolonged apnea and cardiovascular changes have been elicited in infant animals by the application of water to the laryngeal mucosa. Previous reports have produced conflicting evidence in regard to the possible role of arterial chemoreceptors in modulating this reflex. The present study was designed to determine the effect of carotid body stimulation or suppression on the duration of apnea and severity of cardiovascular changes in response to water in the larynx of piglets. The role of swallowing in terminating the apnea was also Investigated. Hypoxia and isoproterenol, both carotid body stimuli, caused decreased apnea duration. Hyperoxia was associated with prolonged apnea duration; however, dopamine, which inhibits carotid body chemoreceptors, produced no significant change. Hypotension and bradycardia were only observed after prolonged apnea or chemoreceptor stimulation, supporting the concept that the cardiovascular component of the laryngeal chemoreflex is a result of changes in blood gas concentration rather than a direct response to laryngeal chemostimulatlon. The Interval between water application and Initiation of swallowing was not significantly affected by hypoxia or carotid body stimulation and swallowing did not always occur before resumption of breathing.
Environmental control
Authors: Squillace Susan Pollart
Published: January 2017

Environmental control measures help eliminate triggers that initiate the allergic reaction and reduce the conditions that sustain it. The most frequent offenders are the ubiquitous dust mites, which are ideally suited to living in the home environment. Control measures consist of minimizing their reservoirs in the patient's bedding, carpets, and upholstered furniture; decreasing humidity; and using acaricides. Cats are the source of another important indoor allergen that becomes and stays airborne as small particies. Removal of the animal (or washing it weekly) and the use of high‐efficiency particulate air filters for air ducts and vacuum cleaners are useful in reducing dust mite and cat allergens. Dogs and rodents also produce allergens offensive to the sensitized patient and should be removed or relegated outdoors. Cockroaches have become an increasingly prevalent source of allergens responsible for asthma and rhinitis. Their removal is the focus of research, because current control measures are usually inadequate. Molds, which thrive in any moist environment, produce allergens. Closed windows prevent further influx of outdoor molds and pollens, whereas those harbored indoors, including those residing on plants, should be eliminated.