bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Silent Threats: Unveiling Anaphylaxis in the Absence of Known Allergies: A Comprehensive Case Study and Literature Review
Authors:   Department of Emergency Medicine, MAX  Superspeciality Hospital, Vaishali, Ghaziabad 201010, Uttar Pradesh, India., Shishodia Shakti , Sehgal Paliavi , Nair Dheeraj B. , Snehy Abhishek ,   Department of Emergency Medicine, MAX  Superspeciality Hospital, Vaishali, Ghaziabad 201010, Uttar Pradesh, India.
Published: May 2024

We present the case of a 63-year-old female who presented to the emergency room in a gasping state with visible swelling of the face. She had no known allergies and was not a chronic consumer of any metallic substance. The patient reported the onset of symptoms shortly after ingesting sweets from the refrigerator. Initial assessment revealed severe respiratory distress, hypotension, and low oxygen saturation. Anaphylactic shock was diagnosed, and immediate resuscitative measures were initiated, including intravenous fluids, adrenaline, antihistamines, and corticosteroids. The patient required endotracheal intubation due to compromised airway and was subsequently transferred to the ICU. Diagnostic imaging and endoscopy revealed multiple foreign bodies. This case highlights the importance of early recognition and prompt management of anaphylactic shock, even in patients without a known history of allergies. Weal so provide are view of the literature on anaphylaxis and food allergies.
Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura: AtypicalPresentation in Er/An Approach to be Considered by Er Physicians
Authors:   Department of Emergency Medicine, MAX Superspeciality Hospital, Vaishali, Ghaziabad 201010, Uttar Pradesh, India., Shishodia Shakti , B Gokul , Shegal Pallavi , Nair Dheeraj B ,   Department of Emergency Medicine, MAX Superspeciality Hospital, Vaishali, Ghaziabad 201010, Uttar Pradesh, India.
Published: May 2024

To Consider the Diagnosis of TTP in cases of Thrombocytopenia Presenting to Er with altered mental status. A 28 year young male known case of seizure Disorder Juvenile Myoclonic Epilepsy Presenting to Er with complaints of sudden onset of altered mental status since 1 day with history of fever for 1 day Documented 3 days back and his labs revealed thrombocytopenia with Aki. Patient was initially managed conservatively with Antiepileptics, IV fluids, Antibiotics and supportive therapy. In course of hospital stay, patient developed Hemolysis with generalised tonic clonic seizures and was later diagnosed as TTP (Sepsis Induced) with Neurological Involvement with AKI with status epilepticus. A case of thrombocytopenia with altered mental status presenting in Er, A Differential Diagnossis of TTP must be considered in Initial Period.
Shaping the Smart Search Possible: An Inside Story of ETD Metadata
Authors:   Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India, Awasthi Shipra , Shukla Shiva Kanaujia ,   Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India.
Published: May 2024

Metadata is very important in scientific literature. Metadata in electronic dissertations and dissertations (ETDs) requires a modular workflow based on a flexible architecture. Metadata methods must be simplified by adapting procedures for different document formats and structures. The structure of the dissertation document, including Fig.s, tables, footnotes, etc., requires greater attention to the identification and organization of metadata in the ETD for rich textual content. Reliable extraction of appropriate metadata elements, such as title, author, abstract, keywords, etc., is essential for future citation capabilities. Such mechanisms are crucial for evaluating processes and adjusting ETD metadata to facilitate architecture expansion. Most modern ETDs rely on the organization of quality text documents, ranging from raw PDF documents or semi-structured XML documents to uniform standard TEI (Text Encoding Initiative) documents. The present study discusses metadata creation and harvesting, various extraction methods and digital library search, metadata for MARC records in ETD, and access to ETD metadata in the context of the current scenario. It also highlights the tags adopted for the creation of the MARC records in JNU Central Library ETD System for simple-level learning
Measuring and Analyzing Scholarly Literature Published on Diabetes Mellitus Type 1 with Special Reference to Bradford Law of Scattering and Leimkuhler Model: A Scientometric Study
Authors:   Department of Library & Information Science, University of Lucknow, Lucknow 226007, India, Arya Richa , Jaiswal Babita , Bisaria Garima ,   Department of Library & Information Science, University of Lucknow, Lucknow 226007, India
Published: May 2024

The present paper deals with the applicability of Bradford’s law of Scattering to the literature on Diabetes Mellitus type 1 disease. The PubMed database has been selected to collect data for the present study. A total of 489 journals published 1542 articles during the year 2012 to 2021 on Diabetes Mellitus type 1 disease. It was found that Current Diabetes Reports was the top core journal that published the highest number of articles (100) along with citation 4550. Bradford's law was tested for applicability using a ranked list of journals and publishing output. The Diabetes Mellitus type 1 literature's journal distribution pattern corresponded to Bradford's distribution pattern. The applicability of Leimkuhler’s model was also tested and it is also fitted to the selected disease dataset of Diabetes Mellitus Type-1
Gender Based Level of Self-Esteem among Adolescents
Authors:   Hindu Mission College of Nursing, Tambaram, Chennai, Tamil Nadu 600063, India., Sakthivel Rajathi
Published: May 2024

Background: Teens undergo major changes in their lives and their self-esteem can often become fragile. Teenagers' self-esteem is often affected by the physical and hormonal changes they experience, especially during puberty. The study aimed to assess the level of selfesteemand identify gender based differences among adolescents. Materials and Methods: The descriptive study design was adopted. Through a nonrandomized convenient sampling technique, one hundred twenty students in the age group of 15-18 years were enrolled. The data were collected through the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale through the interview method. The collected data were analyzed by descriptive and inferential statistics. Results: Out of 120 adolescents, 32% had low self-esteem and 14% had high self-esteem. Overall, the level of self-esteem was low among males (63%) as compared to female (37%) adolescents. The chi-square value depicts that age, sex, education, and residence had a significant association with low and high self-esteem. Conclusion: Adolescents with low self-esteem, irrespective of gender face lot of difficultyin managing obstacles and preventing issues. Thus, there is an urgent need for a holistic approach and assertiveness training is required to strengthen emotional and psycho-social development and aid in achieving whole adolescent health.
Effect of Customized Integrated Teaching Program on Knowledge Regarding Child Abuse and Neglect among Peoples Residing in Rural Area of Bhopal
Authors:   Department of Child Health Nursing, Jai Narayan College of Nursing, Bhopal 462037, Madhya Pradesh, India., David Monika
Published: May 2024

The present study has been undertaken to assess knowledge score regarding child abuse and neglect among peoples by integrated teaching program in Gandhi Nagar at Bhopal. The research design adopted for the study was pre-experimental in nature. The tool for the study was self-structured knowledge questionnaire which consists of two parts-I consisted questions related to Socio-demographic data; part-II consisted of self-structured knowledge questionnaire to assess the knowledge score regarding child abuse and neglect among peoples residing in rural area. The data was analyzed by using descriptive and inferential statistical methods. The most significant finding was that 63.3% of peoples residing in rural area were having average knowledge regarding child abuse and neglect whereas 36.7% had good knowledge after posttest. It was suggested that the nurses must educate peoples residing in rural are aregarding tobacco products consumption and its impact.
Therapeutic Procedures and Care of a Child Nursing Considerations
Authors:   College of Nursing, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Nagpur 441108, Maharashtra, India., Oommen Sushma , Menon Usha G. ,   College of Nursing, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Nagpur 441108, Maharashtra, India,
Published: May 2024

As pediatric nurses, our mission is atraumatic care i.e. to shield children from needless trauma and pain caused by medical procedures. Child's preparation prior to the procedure includes need based assessment of the procedure and readiness for procedure, building trust and establishing rapport as well as clustering multiple procedures to minimize trauma. Prior to procedure informed consent is necessary whenever required. It is essential to follow family centred care and educate the child and family as family is the integral part of child’s life. Preparation of child according to age, utilization of age appropriate equipment and age specific techniques, keen observation of child and surrounding are important aspect of childcare. Pharmacological, non-pharmacological and psychological strategies, involvement of loved one’s aid for minimizing the pain fear anxiety and distress. The physical and psychological safety of child should be of prime concern while performing a nursing procedure on child, the aim should be to successfully complete the procedure minimizing the negative effects of the same. Therefore, it is vital that any medical procedure is ended in a positive manner.
Deep Squating Posture will be Influenced by Intrinsic Factor apart from Passive Ankle Dorsiflexion Range of Motion
Authors:   Department of Physiotherapy in Neurology, Uttaranchal (PG) College of Bio-medical Sciences, Dehradun 248002, Uttarakhand,, Aslam Mohammed
Published: May 2024

A total of 50 subjects participated in the study. The study was conducted in the department of Physiotherapy, Uttaranchal (PG) College of biomedical sciences and Hospital, Dehradun. The subjects were recruited from Uttaranchal (PG) College of biomedical sciences and Hospital Dehradun. Subjects were chosen as per the inclusion and exclusion criteria and informed consent should be obtained from all of them. After explaining the procedure, the subjects were assessed and divided into two groups possible squatting group and impossible squatting group. The subjects were asked to sit in the deep squatting posture with their heel down and arm Crossed and maintain the posture for more than 5 second and they were divided into 2 groups. Two points to be kept in mind while squatting were as follows: (a) Both the knees and feet should be brought together to the maximum possible extent throughout the deep squat and (b) The thigh and calf should be in contact with each other. The subjects were divided into two groups possible squatting and impossible deep squatting groups. The possible deep squatting group can be described as those who can performed the squatting i.e, both the knee and feet should be brought together to maximum possible and the thigh and calf should be in contact with each other and maintain these posture more than 5 second whereas impossible deep squatting group can be described as those who cant performed to contact calf and thigh while squatting. shows the deep squatting posture. The following parameter were measure in two groups, The straight leg raise (SLR), The Heel-buttock distance (HBD), The modified finger floor distance (MFFD), The modified Thomas tests, Ankle dorsiflexion flexibility. To examine the possible differences between the two squatting groups regard to each test parameters the Mann-Whitney u test (if the distribution of the data is not normal) was used. The dependent variables for the deep squatting posture were analyzed by step wise linear discriminate analysis to determine their relative importance for differentiating between the two groups. The dependent variables for the deep squatting posture are hip flexibility, knee flexibility, trunk flexibility, flexibility of hip and pelvis and ankle dorsiflexion flexibility. The possible deep squatting group shows increase in ankle dorsiflexion flexibility than the impossible deep squatting posture. Thus deep squatting posture is easy and objective method to measure the ankle joint dorsiflexion flexibility.
Pressure Ulcer: Review Article
Authors:   Department of Plastic  Surgery & Telemedicine, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Pondicherry 605006, India., Chittoria Ravi Kumar , J.S. Amrutha ,   Department of Plastic  Surgery & Telemedicine, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Pondicherry 605006, India.
Published: May 2024

This article look into the etiopathogenesis, assessment, prevention and management of pressure ulcer. It also covers the role of pressure release devices and newer treatment methods in healing process of these wounds. Pressure ulcers occur from friction and shear and are progressive. It is usually found in bedridden and immobile people. Spinal cord injury patients have loss of sensation which adds on the problem. Pressure ulcers are preventable usually and based on severity management changes.
Clinical and genetic profiles of patients with hereditary and wild-type transthyretin amyloidosis: the Transthyretin Cardiac Amyloidosis Registry in the state of São Paulo, Brazil (REACT-SP)
Authors: Fernandes Fabio , Luzuriaga Georgina del Cisne Jadan , Fonseca Guilherme Wesley Peixoto da , Correia Edileide Barros , Carvalho Alzira Alves Siqueira , Macedo Ariane Vieira Scarlatelli , Filho Otavio Rizzi Coelho , Scheinberg Phillip , Antunes Murillo Oliveira , Schwartzmann Pedro Vellosa , Mangini Sandrigo , Marques Wilson , Simões Marcus Vinicius
Published: May 2024

Background: Transthyretin amyloidosis (ATTR) is a multisystem disease caused by the deposition of fibrillar protein in organs and tissues. ATTR genotypes and phenotypes are highly heterogeneous. We present data on physical signs and symptoms, cardiac and neurological assessments and genetics in patients enrolled in the Transthyretin Cardiac Amyloidosis Registry in the state of São Paulo, Brazil.
Results: Six hundred-forty-four patients were enrolled, 505 with the variant form (ATTRv) and 139 with wild-type (ATTRwt). Sixteen different mutations were detected, the most common being Val50Met (48.3%) and V142Ile (40.8%). Overall, more than half of the patients presented cardiological involvement, and the difference in this proportion between the ATTRv and ATTRwt groups was significant (43.9 vs. 89.9%; p<0.001). The neurological phenotype also differed between ATTRv and ATTRwt (56.8 vs. 31.7%; p<0.001). The mixed phenotype was found in 25.6% of the population, without a significant difference between the forms of amyloidosis. A group of patients remained asymptomatic (10.4%), with a lower proportion of asymptomatic ATTRwt patients.
Conclusions: This study details the clinical and genetic spectrum of patients with ATTR in São Paulo, Brazil. This preliminary analysis highlights the considerable phenotypic heterogeneity of neurological and cardiac manifestations in patients with variant and wild-type ATTR.
Evaluation of the Experiences of Mothers Using Silver Nipple Cups
Authors: Karabayir Nalan , Basibuyuk Mine , Askin Abdullah Emre , Bektas Sebnem , Aktura Bekir
Published: May 2024

Objectives:
Breastfeeding, which is the ideal feeding method for babies, has many benefits for both babies and mothers. However, nipple problems during breastfeeding can cause early weaning. One of the methods used for nipple care is the use of silver nipple cups. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the experiences of breastfeeding mothers using silver cups for nipple care.
Methods:
Mothers contacted via social media were asked to participate in a structured survey consisting of 33 questions related to breastfeeding, nipple care and silver cups use.
Results:
A total number of 298 women were assessed with a structured questionnaire. There was no significant difference between mothers using and not using silver cups regarding their demographic features, breastfeeding starting time, frequency, duration and pumping. Ninthy three percent (n = 290) of mothers used at least one method for nipple care. The first three commonly used methods for nipple care were lanoline (52,2%), breastmilk (51,2%) and silver cups (49,8%). It was reported by 36,6% (n = 109) of mothers that they have not experienced any nipple problems. Among the 147 mothers who had used silver cups 89,9% (132) claimed that this method was effective for them. There was no difference between the frequency of nipple fissures in mothers using silver cups when compared to mothers who did not use it.
Conclusion:
Nipple fissure is one of the most common causes of early cessation of breastfeeding. Mothers use many methods for nipple care. Silver cups is one of the methods preferred by mothers in the prevention of nipple fissures and it is reported to be beneficial.
Nursing Workload in Hospital Settings in South Korea: A Concept Analysis Using the Hybrid Model
Authors: Kang Younhee , Shin Nayeon
Published: May 2024

Background: Appropriate nursing personnel placement is conducted based on nursing workload, and it is necessary to investigate whether the concept of nursing workload is stipulated appropriately for this time in the south Korean nursing system, in which the turnover and resignation rates of nurses are high and nurse shortage is severe.
Aim: This study aimed to investigate the nature of the nursing workload in Korea’s clinical fields using a hybrid model and clarify its definitions and attributes.
Methods: This study employed a qualitative research method with a hybrid model. The definition and nature of nursing workload, determined through an extensive literature review at the theoretical stage, and the analysis findings of the in-depth interview data obtained in the fieldwork stage were compared, analyzed, and integrated in the last stage of the final analysis.
Results: Nursing workload was defined as the sum of nursing behaviors provided to nursing clients for the purpose of healing and achieving optimal well-being, the efforts and time required to perform roles as coordinators and experts, and all the activities associated with emotional labor during nursing care. Nursing workload was shown to have five dimensions: direct nursing, indirect nursing, coordinator role, nursing profession, and emotional labor.
Conclusion: Understanding the concept of “nursing workload” is fundamental to estimating nursing staffing. The findings of this study enabled a comprehensive review and definition of nursing workload in the context of Korean hospitals.
Causal relationship between Alzheimer's disease and retinal nerve fiber layer thickness, visual disturbance: a two-sample Mendelian randomization study.
Authors: Han Xuan , Su Xiaojuan , Wang Jinyan , Guo Xingyu , Ye Hejiang
Published: May 2024

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a chronic, progressive, irreversible degenerative disorder of the central nervous system caused by multiple factors.Previous studies have demonstrated that patients with AD experience visual disturbances and reduced retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness in the early stages. If a causal relationship can be established between AD and visual disturbances as well as RNFL thickness, then AD can be diagnosed by early visual disturbances and RNFL thickness changes.To investigate the causal relationship between AD and visual disturbances as well as RNFL thickness, we conducted a Mendelian randomization study.In this MR study, the main approach was inverse variance weighted (IVW) and evaluate the robustness of the results via sensitivity analysis. The IVW results revealed no significant evidence supporting a causal association between AD and RNFL thickness (P = 0.283, odds ratio [OR] [95% confidence interval (CI)] = 0.926[0.806-1.065]) as well as visual disturbances(P = 0.205, odds ratio [OR] [95% confidence interval (CI)] = 1.070[0.964-1.187]) .Consequently, the potential for diagnosing early-stage AD through alterations in RNFL thickness and visual disturbances remains controversial.
S. agalactiae Promote G. vaginalis Biofilm Formation Leading to Recurrence of Bacterial Vaginitis
Authors: Zhang Lei , Li Meng , Zeng Zhen , Wang Xiaoqian , Liu Ying , Wei Hongbo , Liu Jun , Zhu Simin , Jiang Qingyun , Zhang Ke , Wu Yifan , Liu Shuai , Kim Juhyun , Liao Qinping
Published: May 2024

Bacterial vaginosis (BV) is a condition with a high short-term cure rate and a high recurrence rate. The formation of Gardnerella vaginalis （GV） biofilm is one of the primary reasons for BV recurrence. This study was the first to explore the impact of Streptococcus agalactiae(group B Streptococcus, GBS), a symbiotic intravaginal bacterium, on G. vaginalis concerning biofilm biomass, biofilm structure, transcriptome, and proteome in a co-culture scenario. The results revealed that the supplementation of GBS to G. vaginalissignificantly increased the biomass in 48-hours dual-species biofilms. As confirmed by qPCR, the differentially expressed gene (DEG) luxS of GBS identified through transcriptome analysis was significantly higher in dual-species biofilm compared to mono-species biofilm. Subsequently, we developed a GBS luxS mutant strain (ΔGBS) and observed significant reductions in ΔGBS biofilms and ΔGBS+GV dual-species biofilms. Upon supplementing with exogenous AI-2 reagents, there was a substantial increase in biofilm biomass noted in GBS, ΔGBS, and GV mono- and dual-biofilms. Furthermore, we found that the expression of two genes related to biofilm formation, murG and GAVG_RS05105, was significantly elevated in GV after receiving AI-2 signals. Collectively, these findings suggest that GBS enhances biofilm formation by luxS/AI-2 in an in vitro co-culture model, potentially offering a new approach for treating RBV.
Efficiency of cysticidal therapy impacted by the host’s immune response in Neurocysticercosis patients
Authors: Mehta Yashvi , Kaur Davinder , Kaur Upninder , Shree Ritu , Singh Paramjeet , Modi Manish , Lal Vivek , Sehgal Rakesh
Published: May 2024

Neurocysticercosis (NCC) is a neurological condition caused by the presence of cysts from T. solium in the brain, which manifests with a range of clinical symptoms. The severity of NCC and its prognosis following Anti Helminth Drug (AHD) treatment are closely linked to peripheral and local inflammation. The study aims to analyse the efficiency of cysticidal therapy impacted by the host’s immune response in NCC patients. A total of 104 patients were enrolled in the study and blood samples were collected from 30 patients. The follow-up samples within 3 to 6 months of treatment were collected. Patients were categorised as - Responder (R) and Non-Responder (NR). Cytokines were estimated using ELISA kits in PBMCs cells. The responder patients showed significantly lower IL-10 & IL-6 levels in the supernatants at T0 as compared to T1, while in non-responder patients, IL-10 and IL-6 levels were higher at T0 as compared to T1. The IFN-γ and TNF-α levels were found to be higher in the supernatants at T0 as compared to T1 in both the responder and non-responder patients. These observations imply that these cytokines might have an impact on the efficacy of AHD treatment in individuals with NCC
Explainable GNN-Derived Structure-Property Relationships in Interstitial-Alloy Materials
Authors: Borge-Durán Ignacio , Bejarano Eduardo Aguilar , Araya Luis Arrieta , Arguedas Mauricio Gutierrez , Özcan Ender , Woodward Simon , Figueredo Grazziela
Published: May 2024

The properties of periodic solid-state materials are frequently modified by the inclusion of interstitial atoms deposited pseudo-randomly throughout the crystal lattice. Accurately calculating overall lattice properties currently requires time-intensive, high-level quantum (typically DFT) calculations, often on 1000s of stochastic lattices. 'Interatomic potential models' (IPM) can mitigate such computational burdens by awarding discrete coefficients to common interstitial geometric ensembles within the wider lattice, and then summing these in a simple regression. Human-designed IPMs however typically take years to be developed. Herein, using molybdenum carbide (Mo lattice, C interstitial added atom) as a model, we show a Crystal Graph Neural Network (CGNet) workflow that can derive near-perfect IPMs from <300 DFT inputs in seconds. Our pipeline (CGNet+CGExplainer) demonstrates high potential for generality in exploring lattice structure-property relations rapidly while maintaining accuracy and interpretability.
Deep Learning as Ricci Flow
Authors: Baptista Anthony , Barp Alessandro , Chakraborti Tapabrata , MacArthur Ben , Harbron Chris , Banerji Christopher
Published: May 2024

Deep neural networks (DNNs) are powerful tools for approximating the distribution of complex data. It is known that data passing through a trained DNN classifier undergoes a series of geometric and topological simplifications. While some progress has been made toward understanding these transformations in neural networks with smooth activation functions, an understanding in the more general setting of non-smooth activation functions, such as the rectified linear unit (ReLU), which tend to perform better, is required.Here we propose that the geometric transformations performed by DNNs during classification tasks have parallels to those expected under Hamilton's Ricci flow - a tool from differential geometry that evolves a manifold by smoothing its curvature, in order to identify its topology. To illustrate this idea, we present a computational framework to quantify the geometric changes that occur as data passes through successive layers of a DNN, and use this framework to motivate a notion of 'global Ricci network flow' that can be used to assess a DNN's ability to disentangle complex data geometries to solve classification problems. By training more than $1,500$ DNN classifiers of different widths and depths on synthetic and real-world data, we show that the strength of global Ricci network flow-like behaviour correlates with accuracy for well-trained DNNs, independently of depth, width and data set. Our findings motivate the use of tools from differential and discrete geometry to the problem of explainability in deep learning.
Early physical rehabilitation dosage in the Intensive Care Unit predicts hospital outcomes after critical COVID-19
Authors: Mayer Kirby P. , Haezebrouck Evan , Ginoza Lori M. , Martinez Clarisa , Jan Minnie , Michener Lori A. , Fresenko Lindsey , Montgomery-Yates Ashley A. , Kalema Anna G. , Pastva Amy M. , Biehl Michelle , Mart Matthew F. , Johnson Joshua K.
Published: May 2024

Objective: to examine the relationship between physical rehabilitation parameters including a novel approach to quantifying dosage with hospital outcomes for patients with critical COVID-19.
Design: Retrospective practice analysis from March 5, 2020, to April 15, 2021.
Setting: Intensive care units (ICU) at four medical institutions
Patients: n = 3,780 adults with ICU admission and diagnosis of COVID-19
Interventions: We measured the physical rehabilitation treatment delivered in ICU and patient outcomes: 1) mortality; 2) discharge disposition; and 3) physical function at hospital discharge measured by the Activity Measure-Post Acute Care (AM-PAC) “6-Clicks” (6-24, 24=greater functional independence). Physical rehabilitation dosage was defined as the average mobility level scores in the first three sessions (a surrogate measure of intensity) multiplied by the rehabilitation frequency (PT + OT frequency in hospital).
Measurements and Main Results: The cohort was a mean 64 ± 16 years old, 41% female, mean BMI of 32 ± 9 kg/m2 and 46% (n=1739) required mechanical ventilation. For 2191 patients with complete data, rehabilitation dosage and AM-PAC at discharge were moderately, positively associated (Spearman’s rho [r] = 0.484, p < 0.001). Multivariate linear regression (model adjusted R2= 0.68, p <0.001) demonstrates mechanical ventilation (β = -0.86, p = 0.001), average mobility score in first three sessions (β = 2.6, p <0.001) and physical rehabilitation dosage (β = 0.22, p = 0.001) were predictive of AM-PAC scores at discharge when controlling for age, sex, BMI, and ICU LOS.
Conclusions: Greater physical rehabilitation exposure early in the ICU is associated with physical function at hospital discharge.
Spinocerebellar Ataxia in Brazil: A Comprehensive Genotype–Phenotype Analysis
Authors: Ganimi Maria Carolina Da Cunha , Couto Christian Marques , Ferreira Alessandra de La Rocque , Paiva Carmen Lucia Antão
Published: May 2024

Background: Spinocerebellar ataxias (SCAs) are a diverse group of hereditary neurodegenerative disorders marked by progressive degeneration of the cerebellum and other nervous system parts. In this study, we aimed to reveal the genotype‒phenotype correlations in SCAs within the Brazilian population by leveraging a comprehensive dataset of 763 individuals from the SARAH Network of Rehabilitation Hospitals.
Methods: Using a retrospective, cross-sectional, observational, multicentric approach, we analysed medical records and conducted standardized molecular testing to explore the epidemiological characteristics, clinical manifestations, and genetic profiles of SCAs in Brazil.
Results: Our findings revealed the predominance of SCA3, followed by SCA7 and SCA2, aligning with global trends and reflecting the specific genetic landscape of Brazil. A significant inverse relationship between the age of symptom onset and CAG repeat length in the mutated allele was observed across SCAs 2, 3, and 7. The study also highlights a trend towards paternal inheritance in SCA2 and details the distribution of CAG repeat expansions, correlating larger expansions with earlier onset and specific symptomatology.
Conclusion: This extensive analysis underscores the critical importance of genetic testing in the diagnosis and management of SCAs, shedding light on intricate genotype‒phenotype interplay within a genetically diverse population. Despite certain limitations, such as potential selection bias and the retrospective nature of the study, our research provides invaluable insights into the prevalence, genetic underpinnings, and clinical variability of SCAs in Brazil. We suggest a broader demographic scope and investigations into nonmotor symptoms in future studies to obtain a more comprehensive understanding of SCAs.
Ascorbic acid improves cognitive levels in middle-aged mice and increases CD8 + T cells by binding Myh9 protein and enriches gut microbiota Akkermansia muciniphila
Authors: Mi Taotao , Yang Shanshan , Huo Fengjiao , Zhao Meili , Lv Shuyao , Su Tingting , Feng Shengyu , Wang Hao , Guo Liuling , Liu Yue , Liu Qing , Wang Nan , Zhu Jian-Kang , Liu Hailiang
Published: May 2024

Background: Immunosenescence accelerates systemic aging and influences cognitive function, with antioxidants potentially mitigating these effects. The significance of ascorbic acid (vitamin C) as a crucial antioxidant in anti-aging and cognition, as well as the potential impact of the gut microbiome on this process, has yet to be investigated.
Results: In this study, we systematically assessed the impact of ascorbic acid on immunosenescence and cognitive function in middle-aged and aged mice. The findings demonstrated a notable rise in peripheral blood lymphocytes, a decline in myeloid immune cells, and enhanced cognitive performance. In vitro studies indicated that ascorbic acid facilitated the differentiation of mouse hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) and spleen monocytes into CD8+ T cells, with its efficacy primarily mediated by its interaction with the protein Myh9 protein. A positive correlation was observed between CD8+ T cells and cognitive function. Furthermore, a distinction exists between the efficacy of oral and intravenous administration of ascorbic acid in enhancing cognitive function, potentially attributable to the modulation of the gut microbiome Akkermansia muciniphila. Intravenous delivery notably enhances A. muciniphila abundance and significantly enhances cognitive performance in middle-aged and elderly mice, whereas oral ascorbic acid supplementation increases CD8+ T cell count and cognitive function in this demographic only when co-administered with A. muciniphila.
Conclusion: This study demonstrated that the administration of ascorbic acid can mitigate immunosenescence and, in conjunction with A. muciniphila, improves cognitive function in mice. These findings offer a mechanistic rationale for utilizing nutritional interventions to mitigate immunosenescence and enhance cognitive function, and underscores the importance of selecting the optimal route of administration for achieving the intended effects.
Serum LDH and α-HBDH levels as biomarkers predicting the staging in lung adenocarcinoma patients
Authors: Li Qianhong , Xiao Ling , Zheng Zhongsheng , Ye Mingzhi
Published: May 2024

Background
Lung adenocarcinoma (L-ADC) is one of the major types of non-small cell lung carcinomas (NSCLC). This retrospective study aimed to assess correlations between the serum lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), α-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase (α-HBDH), and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) levels and treatment responses in L-ADC patients, including the advanced-stage patients receiving platinum-based chemotherapies.
Methods
L-ADC patients were separated into two groups- the advanced (stage III-IV) and the early-middle (stage I-II) groups by the seventh edition of the Union for International Cancer Control (UICC) TNM classification. Serum LDH, α-HBDH, and CEA levels were measured by internationally standardized spectrophotometric methods.
Results
This retrospective study recruited 100 patients with L-ADC. Group A had lower LDH (P = 0.042), α-HBDH (P = 0.013), and CEA (P = 0.017) levels than those of group B. The level of total protein (TP) was increased in Group A than that in group B (P = 0.006). Serum LDH level was significantly correlated with that of CEA (P = 0.003), albumin (ALB; P = 0.013), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP; P = 0.02). Serum α-HBDH level also was correlated with that of CEA (P = 0.008). The change in serum LDH levels in these groups after 4 cycles of chemotherapy was not associated with an improved radiological response (P > 0.05).
Conclusions
Serum LDH and α-HBDH levels may have substantial application values for staging in and prognosis of L-ADC patients, but there were no significant changes in levels of other serum biomarkers in terms of evaluating the efficacy of chemotherapy.
Association between nap time, nighttime sleep, and mild cognitive impairment in Chinese older adults: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Song Yanliqing , Liu Haoqiang , Gu KeNan , Liu yue
Published: May 2024

Objective
This study aims to investigate the relationship between midday nap time, nighttime sleep duration, and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) in Chinese older adults and determine the recommended sleep duration to provide a scientific basis for preventing and managing MCI in this population.
Methods
Utilizing the 2020 China Health and Elderly Care Longitudinal Survey database, the demographic data, health status, and lifestyle information of the study participants were collected. A total of 5,314 valid samples were included in the analysis. Logistic regression and restricted cubic spline plots were employed to explore the relationship between sleep patterns and MCI.
Results
In the cross-sectional analysis, a linear relationship was observed between midday nap duration and MCI among Chinese elderly. The probability of MCI was lowest among those who napped for less than 30 minutes at noon. Compared with individuals who napped for less than 30 minutes, those who did not nap were more likely to have MCI (OR = 1.39, 95% CI: 1.08–1.81). Nighttime sleep duration exhibited a U-shaped relationship with MCI. Individuals with less than approximately 6.5 hours of nighttime sleep showed a gradual decrease in the probability of MCI with increasing sleep duration, whereas those with more than 6.5 hours demonstrated an increase in the probability of MCI with longer sleep duration. Older adults who slept less than 6 hours at night (OR = 1.24, 95% CI: 1.05–1.48) or more than 8 hours (OR = 1.79, 95% CI: 1.37–2.34) were at a higher risk of developing MCI compared with those who slept 6 to 8 hours.
Conclusion
After controlling for potential confounders, midday napping is beneficial in preventing MCI among older adults. Nighttime sleep duration exhibited a U-shaped relationship with MCI risk, with the optimal range for health benefits observed between 6 and 8 hours of sleep duration, approximately 6.5 hours.
Physical and Mental Well-being of the Elderly: Examining the Impact of Financial Support from Migrant Children on Indian Left-behind Parents
Authors: Mandal Sourav , Paul Manoj
Published: May 2024

Background:
This study aims to examine the impact of adult child migration on physical and mental health of elderly parents and further how received financial support (remittance) compensate the absence of adult child.
Methodology:
Using the 2011 Building a Knowledge Base on Population Ageing in India (BKPAI) dataset, the current study (n=5122) employs bivariate statistics, logistic regression, and mediation analysis to address the objectives. Logistic regression determines the factors of self-rated health and depression, while mediation analysis is implied to understand the intermediate effect of financial support i.e. remittance on left behind elderly health.
Results:
The findings indicate that approximately 43 percent of the study population are left behind, meaning they have at least one migrant child. Notably, 20 percent of these left-behind elderly report poor health conditions, and 17 percent exhibit depressive symptoms, while the poor health and having depressive symptoms is lower among the non-left behind elderly i.e., 13 and 12 respectively. The mediation analysis indicate that the likelihood of good self-rated health increased 1.35 times due to the effect of adult child migration via remittance which contribute around 55 % of total effect of migration.
Conclusion:
The consistent inflow of remittances serves to alleviate the impact on household finances, ensure food security, and address medical expenses. However, it is crucial to recognize that while remittances contribute significantly to economic stability, they cannot replace the physical presence of adult children, especially in terms of caregiving. Consequently, the study highlights that emotional bonds between parents and children play a pivotal role in bridging the emotional gap caused by physical separation, offering vital emotional support and reassurance to elderly family members and ultimately contributing to their holistic well-being.
Shear Wave Velocity as a Measure of the Dynamic Properties of Confined Silty Soil
Authors: Kennedy Charles
Published: May 2024

This study was conducted to assess how various confinement levels impacted the dynamic and mechanical characteristics of silt layers in different locations. Results showed a direct correlation between the level of confinement and the natural frequency of vibration in the silt layers. More specifically, confinement ranged from 11 to 225 kPa, with changes observed in resonance frequency, shear velocity, and maximum shear modulus (Gmax). For instance, as confinement increased, so did the shear velocity, which strengthened the forces connecting soil particles and improved stiffness. Additionally, the maximum shear modulus increased, showcasing the development of stronger inter-particle connections and a denser soil structure. These findings demonstrated the considerable impact of confining pressure on various aspects of geotechnical engineering. A deeper comprehension of the consequences of long-term confinement, including liquefaction and structural design, will be vital for successful engineering projects. Furthermore, the soil categorization based on shear wave velocities established in this study will help in decision-making regarding geotechnical engineering. Finally, this research established the relation between confinement and resistance to shear stresses, showing the importance of proper ground improvement techniques to reduce confinement pressure.
Performance Prediction of Flexible pavement against Rutting Using Finite Element Method. A Case of Nakamte to Gedo Road
Authors: Garoma Shiferaw , Fentahun Derartu , Kumar Sitesh
Published: May 2024

The major goal of this work was to forecast the rut depth on road pavements under various loading, material, and temperature conditions. It is believed that the pavement system consists of multiple elastic layers, each of which has a specific Resilient Modulus (MR) and Poisson ratio. The commonly used CBR and ERA/AASHTO design guide charts for evaluating the total required trial depth, sub-grade modulus, and other bound and unbound layers’ resilient modulus control the empirical data used for analysis in the software. Trial depths used in all models for analysis using finite elements were in line with the standardized minimum thickness for the pavement’s individual layers in practice. At the later stage of the research, predictive rutting distress for all models derived from finite element analysis were plotted to see how they react to the series of required data when varied (CBR of: sub grade (5–7%), sub base (20–45%), base course (50–80%) and asphaltic concrete layer (3100MPa to 3500MPa), axle load: single axle to tandem, depth of sub-base and base course were varied from 150 mm to 180 mm) and while some were kept constant (temperature 30oC). Predictive rutting calculated ranged from (1.989 to 4.51 x 10^-6) mm. To improve pavement resistance to rutting and other distresses, there must be a considerable increase in the resilient modulus of individual layers. From this research, an increase in pavement subgrade and subbase CBR gave a more positive result. High traffic loads could cause the road to rut faster. This was detected when the axle arrangement was changed from single to tandem axles. The results given were still valid, and they could be used to project the rutting depth for any number of loading repetitions using linear progression. Rutting depths derived were quite small due to the low load repetition modeled during simulation.
The ground calibration of the HERMES-Pathfinder payload flight models
Authors: Dilillo Giuseppe , Marchesini Ezequiel Joaquin , Baroni Giulia , Casa Giovanni Della , Campana Riccardo , Evangelista Yuri , Guzman Alejandro , Hedderman Paul , Bellutti Pierluigi , Bertuccio Giuseppe , Ceraudo Francesco , Citossi Marco , Cirrincione Daniela , Dedolli Irisa , Demenev Evgeny , Feroci Marco , Ficorella Francesco , Fiorini Mauro , Gandola Massimo , Grassi Marco , Rosa Giovanni La , Lombardi Giovanni , Malcovati Piero , Mele Filippo , Nogara Paolo , Nuti Alessio , Perri Matteo , Pirrotta Simone , Puccetti Simonetta , Rashevskaya Irina , Russo Francesco , Sottile Giuseppe , Trenti Michele , Trevisan Sara , Vacchi Andrea , Zampa Gianluigi , Zampa Nicola , Fiore Fabrizio
Published: May 2024

HERMES-Pathfinder is a space-borne mission based on a constellation of six nano-satellites flying in a low-Earth orbit. The 3U CubeSats, to be launched in early 2025, host miniaturized instruments with a hybrid Silicon Drift Detector/scintillator photodetector system, sensitive to both X-rays and gamma-rays. A seventh payload unit is installed onboard SpIRIT, an Australian-Italian nano-satellite developed by a consortium led by the University of Melbourne and launched in December 2023. The project aims at demonstrating the feasibility of Gamma-Ray Burst detection and localization using miniaturized instruments onboard nano-satellites.
The HERMES flight model payloads were exposed to multiple well-known radioactive sources for spectroscopic calibration under controlled laboratory conditions. The analysis of the calibration data allows both to determine the detector parameters, necessary to map instrumental units to accurate energy measurements, and to assess the performance of the instruments. We report on these efforts and quantify features such as spectroscopic resolution and energy thresholds, at different temperatures and for all payloads of the constellation. Finally we review the performance of the HERMES payload as a photon counter, and discuss the strengths and the limitations of the architecture.
The Development and Evaluation of 9 Obesity-Based Index for Gallstones in U.S. Adults
Authors: wu xiaodong , Song Yanhong , Wang Xiaoning , Wu Shuodong
Published: May 2024

Objective: Gallstones have gradually become a highly prevalent digestive disease worldwide. This study aimed to investigate the association of nine different obesity-related indicators (BRI, WWI, BMI, WC, LAP, CMI, VAI, AIP, TyG) with gallstones and to compare their predictive properties for screening gallstones.
Methods: Data for this study were obtained from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) for the 2017-2020 cycle, and weighted logistic regression analyses with multi-model adjustment were conducted to explore the association of the 9 indicators with gallstones. Subject working curves were analyzed to assess the screening ability of the 9 indicators. In addition, variation in the relationship between the two indicators with the most predictive power and gallstones was described by restricted cubic spline.
Results: In total, 3698 participants were involved in the final analysis and 392 (10.6%) carried gallstones. The results of weighted multifactorial logistic regression analysis indicated that BRI, WWI, BMI, WC, LAP, and CMI were independent risk factors for gallstones. The ORs and confidence intervals for the highest quartile were 3.21 (1.55-6.28) for BRI, 2.26 (1.01-5.05) for WWI, 2.83 (1.48-5.39) for BMI, 2.83 (1.54-5.22) for WC, 2.39 (1.22-4.69) for LAP, 2.03 (1.19-3.46) for CMI. The area under the ROC curve for BRI was 0.67. The Delong test compared the performance of different ROCs and revealed that the difference between the area under the curve of BRI and the other metrics was significant (P<0.05), except for WWI.
Conclusion: BRI, WWI, BMI, WC, LAP, and CMI were essential indicators for recognizing gallstones. By comparison, we realized that BRI was a better predictor of gallstones.
The therapeutic effect of 1-palmitoyl-2-linoleoyl-3-acetyl-rac-glycerol on chemically induced atopic dermatitis
Authors: Shin Su-Hyun , Kim Yu Jin , Kim Su-Jin , Kim Guen Tae , Lee Hyowon , Kim Eun Young , Lee Se Hee , Kim Jae Wha , Lee Jae Sam
Published: May 2024

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is the most common chronic inflammatory skin disease worldwide. However, it is still urgent to develop innovative treatments that can effectively manage refractory patients with unpredictable chronic disease courses. In this study, we evaluated the therapeutic efficacy of 1-palmitoyl-2-linoleoyl-3-acetyl-rac-glycerol (PLAG) as a novel agent for AD treatment using a human-like mouse model of AD. PLAG significantly improved 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB)-induced AD skin lesions compared to those in mice treated with DNCB alone. PLAG substantially modulated the AD-induced infiltration of monocytes and eosinophils into skin lesions and humoral systemic responses involving immunoglobulin E (IgE), interleukin (IL)-4, and IL-13, restoring them to a normal state. Next, we compared the therapeutic efficacy of PLAG and abrocitinib for severe AD treatment. PLAG exhibited a significant therapeutic effect on AD skin lesions compared to abrocitinib. Unlike abrocitinib, PLAG significantly reduced AD-induced eosinophil infiltration to a level similar to that observed in untreated negative controls. Notably, both PLAG and abrocitinib downregulated IgE, IL-4, and IL-13 in a similar pattern, reaching levels similar to those in the untreated negative controls. Our findings strongly suggest that PLAG may serve as a therapeutic agent for AD with an efficacy comparable to that of abrocitinib.