bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Rheological effects of high‐pressure processing and high‐pressure homogenization on not‐from‐concentrate orange juice
Authors: Yu Xiaoxun , Wang Ziyu , Wu Yuping , Chen Qingmu , Zhang Yingyue , Zhang Fusheng
Published: February 2025

Background

‘Not‐from‐concentrate’ (NFC) orange juice faces stability challenges. Its rheological properties are also important for optimizing processes such as pumping. These issues affect companies in terms of their cost implications, and they affect product quality and consumer acceptance directly. This study investigates the rheological properties of NFC orange juice subjected to high‐pressure homogenization (HPH) following high‐pressure processing (HPP).

Results

The viscosity coefficient (k) of HPH‐treated orange juice reduced significantly, by 92.16%, and was accompanied by a 163.82% increase in the flow coefficient (n) and a 48.12% increase in zeta potential. High‐pressure processing treatment reduced viscosity effectively while enhancing the fluidity and stability of the orange juice. However, no significant differences were observed in the major functional groups or particle size distribution in comparison with a thermal pasteurization (TP) group. Alterations in the polysaccharide structure were identified as the primary reason for the observed changes in rheological properties. Specifically, the molecular weight (Mw) of soluble dietary fiber (SDF) increased, whereas the Mw of cellulose decreased in the HPP treated juice. This correlated with the results for viscosity, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and scanning electron microscope (SEM) analyses.

Conclusion

In comparison with the TP group, the fluidity, and stability of HPH orange juice after HPP were enhanced significantly, and the viscosity was reduced. This speeds up the juice‐pumping process, reducing energy consumption and costs. The combination of HPP and HPH pretreatment effectively improved the physical properties and sensory quality of orange juice. © 2025 Society of Chemical Industry.
The Role of Speech Therapy in Sialorrhea Management and Quality of Life: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Olsson Sofia Eva , Chorney Stephen Reed , Brown Allison Tidwell , Johnson Romaine Fitzgerald , Kou Yann‐Fuu
Published: February 2025

Objective

The objective of this study is to determine the impact of an intensive and a less intensive speech therapy regimen on pediatric sialorrhea patient and caregiver quality of life (QoL) as described by drooling impact scales (DIS).

Methods

A retrospective chart review included all pediatric patients from a secretion management clinic. There were two outpatient speech therapy programs: intensive (4 sessions/week for 3 weeks) and less intensive (2 sessions/week for 3 months). Both regimens included similar interventions including neuromuscular electrical stimulation and facial taping. The primary outcome measure was reduction in caregiver reported DIS after completing their designated program. Children observed without therapy also obtained DIS assessments overtime to measure potential changes in QoL.

Results

There were 49 patients included in the study with a mean age of 7.5 years (SD = 4.6). The most common comorbidities were global developmental delay (n = 47; 96%), epilepsy (n = 35; 71%), and cerebral palsy (n = 32; 65%). After initial evaluation, 30 patients underwent speech therapy with significantly improved DIS scores compared to the 19 who had no therapy (43.4 vs. 54.5, p = 0.03). Of these 30, 16 (33%) underwent intensive therapy with mean DIS improving from 63.5 to 47.2 (p = 0.006). Fourteen (29%) completed the less intensive regimen with mean DIS improving from 51.9 to 39.1 (p = 0.07). There were 19 (39%) patients who underwent no therapy and mean DIS remained unchanged from 55.6 to 54.5 (p = 0.86).

Conclusion

Sialorrhea can drastically impact patients and their families. An intensive speech therapy program is associated with improved QoL as described by the DIS. Speech therapy should be considered as an effective treatment modality to improve outcomes for pediatric sialorrhea.

Level of Evidence

2.
Hypoalbuminemia and Postoperative Outcomes Following Major Salivary Gland Resection
Authors: Kaki Praneet C. , Patel Aman M. , Brant Jason A. , Cannady Steven B. , Rajasekaran Karthik , Brody Robert M. , Carey Ryan M.
Published: February 2025

Objective

Hypoalbuminemia (HA) is a proxy for malnutrition that has been associated with postoperative complications in several surgical subspecialties. This study investigates the association between pre‐operative HA and complications following major salivary gland (MSG) resection.

Methods

Patients undergoing outpatient, elective MSG resection were extracted from the 2005 to 2020 National Surgical Quality Improvement Program database. Demographics and comorbidities were compared between HA (preoperative serum albumin < 3.5 g/dL) and non‐HA cohorts. To determine associations between albumin status and postoperative complications, univariate and multivariable binary logistic regression analyses were performed.

Results

A total of 5774 patients undergoing MSG resection were included, of which 321 (5.6%) had preoperative HA. HA was associated with older age on univariate analysis (65.2 vs. 60.2 years, p < 0.001). Multivariable analysis found HA to be independently associated with any surgical complication (OR 2.03, 95% CI 1.09–3.56, p = 0.019) and length of stay (LOS) ≥ 90th percentile (OR 1.58, 95% CI 1.04–2.38, p = 0.032).

Conclusion

Preoperative HA may be a poor prognostic factor associated with an increased risk of surgical complications and prolonged LOS among patients undergoing MSG resection.

Level of Evidence

4.
Ferroptosis in Pulmonary Disease and Lung Cancer: Molecular Mechanisms, Crosstalk Regulation, and Therapeutic Strategies
Authors: Guo Dandan , Cai Songhua , Deng Lvdan , Xu Wangting , Fu Sentao , Lin Yaling , Jiang Tong , Li Qing , Shen Zhijun , Zhang Jian , Luo Peng , Tang Bufu , Wang Ling
Published: February 2025

Ferroptosis is a distinct form of iron‐dependent programmed cell death characterized primarily by intracellular iron accumulation and lipid peroxidation. Multiple cellular processes, including amino acid metabolism, iron metabolism, lipid metabolism, various signaling pathways, and autophagy, have been demonstrated to influence the induction and progression of ferroptosis. Recent investigations have elucidated that ferroptosis plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of various pulmonary disorders, including lung injury, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, pulmonary fibrosis, and asthma. Ferroptosis is increasingly recognized as a promising novel strategy for cancer treatment. Various immune cells within the tumor microenvironment, including CD8+ T cells, macrophages, regulatory T cells, natural killer cells, and dendritic cells, have been shown to induce ferroptosis in tumor cells and modulate the process through the regulation of iron and lipid metabolism pathways. Conversely, ferroptosis can reciprocally alter the metabolic environment, leading to the activation or inhibition of immune cell functions, thereby modulating immune responses. This paper reviews the molecular mechanism of ferroptosis and describes the tumor immune microenvironment, discusses the connection between ferroptosis and the tumor microenvironment in lung cancer and pulmonary diseases, and discusses the development prospect of their interaction in the treatment of lung cancer and pulmonary diseases.
SIRT1 Alleviates Mitochondrial Fission and Necroptosis in Cerebral Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury via SIRT1–RIP1 Signaling Pathway
Authors: Wei Xuan , Guo Hanjing , Huang Guangshan , Luo Haoyue , Gong Lipeng , Meng Pan , Liu Jiyong , Zhang Wenli , Mei Zhigang
Published: February 2025

Programmed cell death, including necroptosis, plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury (CIRI). Silent information regulator 1 (SIRT1) has been identified as a potential therapeutic target for CIRI, yet its precise role in regulating necroptosis remains controversial. Furthermore, the potential interaction between SIRT1 and receptor‐interacting protein kinase 1 (RIP1) in this context is not fully understood. Sanpian Decoction (SPD), a classical traditional herbal formula, was previously shown to enhance SIRT1 expression in our studies. Our findings demonstrated that, both in vivo and in vitro, CIRI was associated with a decrease in SIRT1 levels and phosphorylated dynamin‐related protein 1 (p‐DRP1) at Ser637, alongside an increase in RIP1 and other necroptosis‐related proteins. Co‐immunoprecipitation and immunofluorescence analyses revealed a weakened interaction between SIRT1 and RIP1. Furthermore, abnormal mitochondrial fission and dysfunction were mediated through the phosphoglycerate mutase 5–DRP1 pathway. Notably, SPD treatment improved neurological outcomes and reversed these pathological changes by enhancing the SIRT1–RIP1 interaction. In conclusion, this study suggests that SIRT1 is a promising therapeutic target for CIRI, capable of inhibiting necroptosis and mitigating mitochondrial fission via the SIRT1–RIP1 pathway. SPD exhibits therapeutic potential by activating SIRT1, thereby attenuating necroptosis and mitochondrial fission during CIRI.
Genome‐wide siRNA library screening identifies human host factors that influence the replication of the highly pathogenic H5N1 influenza virus
Authors: Wang Guangwen , Jiang Li , Wang Jinliang , Li Qibing , Zhang Jie , Kong Fandi , Yan Ya , Wang Yuqin , Deng Guohua , Shi Jianzhong , Tian Guobin , Zeng Xianying , Liu Liling , Bu Zhigao , Chen Hualan , Li Chengjun
Published: February 2025

The global dissemination of H5 avian influenza viruses represents a significant threat to both human and animal health. In this study, we conducted a genome‐wide siRNA library screening against the highly pathogenic H5N1 influenza virus, leading us to the identification of 457 cellular cofactors (441 proviral factors and 16 antiviral factors) involved in the virus replication cycle. Gene Ontology term enrichment analysis revealed that the candidate gene data sets were enriched in gene categories associated with mRNA splicing via spliceosome in the biological process, integral component of membrane in the cellular component, and protein binding in the molecular function. Reactome pathway analysis showed that the immune system (up to 63 genes) was the highest enriched pathway. Subsequent comparisons with four previous siRNA library screenings revealed that the overlapping rates of the involved pathways were 8.53%–62.61%, which were significantly higher than those of the common genes (1.85%–6.24%). Together, our genome‐wide siRNA library screening unveiled a panorama of host cellular networks engaged in the regulation of highly pathogenic H5N1 influenza virus replication, which may provide potential targets and strategies for developing novel antiviral countermeasures.
Spin 1 Particle With Anomalous Magnetic Moment in External Uniform Electric Field, Solutions With Cylindrical Symmetry
Authors: Ivashkevich Alina , Red'kov Viktor , Chichurin Alexander
Published: February 2025

A generalized 10‐dimensional Duffin–Kemmer–Petiau equation for spin 1 particle with anomalous magnetic moment is examined in cylindrical coordinates in the presence of the external uniform electric field oriented along the axis . On solutions, we diagonalize operators of the energy and third projection of the total angular momentum. First, we derive the system of 10 equations in partial derivatives for functions . The use of the method based on the projective operators permits us to express 10 variables through only three different functions , which are solved in Bessel functions. After that, we derive the system of 10 first‐order differential equations for functions . This system reduces to one independent equation for a separate function and to the system of two linked equations for two remaining primary functions. This system after diagonalization of the mixing matrix gives two separated equations for new variables. All three equations for basic functions are solved in terms of the confluent hypergeometric functions. Thus, the complete system of solutions with cylindrical symmetry for the vector particle with anomalous magnetic moment in the presence of the external uniform electric field is found.
Constructing a gradient modulus interfacial layer on the surface of hydrotalcite enhances the interfacial properties of hydrotalcite/benzoxazine composites
Authors: Zhang Lu , Zu Liwu , Dong Shaobo , Lan Tianyu , Zhang Wei , Liu Jun , Luo Yu
Published: February 2025

The gradient modulus interface layer between hydrotalcite (LDH) and benzoxazine (Bz) polymer matrix was designed by grafting silane coupling agent KH560. The effect of varying proportions of LDH on the mechanical properties of the poly(LDH/Bz) was analyzed. When the LDH content was at 6 wt%, the mechanical properties of the poly(KH560‐LDH/Bz) exhibited enhancements of 78.31%, 68.58%, and 117.91% in tensile strength, flexural strength, and impact strength, respectively, compared to the poly(LDH/Bz). This improvement is attributed to the interfacial phase of KH560, which enhances the surface roughness and polarity of LDH, effectively buffering and equilibrating the modulus disparity between LDH and the polymer matrix. The surface tension between functionalized LDH and the matrix was calculated using the Harmonic Mean formula. Upon the incorporation of KH560, the surface energy difference between LDH and the matrix was reduced, thereby enhancing the interfacial compatibility between the two materials. The interfacial layer thickness of the functionalized LDH and benzoxazine polymer matrix was investigated using atomic force microscopy (AFM), which confirmed the presence of a graded modulus interfacial layer within the poly(KH560‐LDH/Bz).

Highlights

The mechanical properties of the poly(KH560‐LDH/BZ) were improved the most when the addition of KH560‐LDH was 6 wt%.

KH560‐LDH has a low surface free energy, which is conducive to dispersion in the matrix.

The composite with the addition of 6 wt% KH560‐LDH showed excellent thermal and thermomechanical properties.

The interface layer thickness of the composite with 6 wt% KH560‐LDH was increased by 41.27%.

The gradient modulus interface layer promotes stress transfer and dispersion in the matrix.
Characterization of ABS/PETG multi‐material composites 3D printed by print‐pause‐print method
Authors: Eyri Busra , Gul Okan , Yilmaz Sinan , Karsli N. Gamze , Yilmaz Taner
Published: February 2025

Fused deposition modeling (FDM) method is a commonly used additive manufacturing technique in various industries. It is crucial that the parts produced using this method meet the necessary service conditions. To achieve this, the study employed the ‘print‐pause‐print’ technique to produce laminated composite materials. Mechanical, tribological, and morphological properties of PETG and ABS samples with various layer configurations are investigated in this study. The samples underwent tests for tensile strength, three‐point bending strength, Shore D hardness, and adhesive wear. Scanning electron microscope images were taken of the resulting fractured and worn surfaces. The results obtained were used to determine the suitability of the two materials for simultaneous production. In addition, results were examined to understand the relation of adhesion between the layers, their strength, and tribological properties. In consideration of the tensile and flexural strengths, the group with PETG material in the middle demonstrated the most significant enhancement in comparison with the base materials. In the tensile test results, specimen APA_171 with one layer of ABS on both outer surfaces and seven layers of PETG inside exhibited a strength of 33.6 MPa. The synergistic effect arising from the combination of ABS and PETG during manufacturing resulted in enhanced hardness values and modulus, which exhibited a similar trend. In the wear and hardness tests, the APA_171 sample demonstrated the highest hardness and the lowest coefficient of friction. The results showed that ABS and PETG materials are suitable for simultaneous production in the FDM method, with some composite types exhibiting good adhesion between layers, increased strength, and wear resistance compared to base materials.

Highlights

ABS/PETG materials are suitable for simultaneous production in the FDM method.

There are types of ABS/PETG composites that show good adhesion between layers.

ABS/PETG composites produced by the FDM method can be used for functional applications.
TMEM2: A New Dimension in Hyaluronan Biology
Authors: Yamaguchi Yu
Published: February 2025

Hyaluronan (HA) is one of the most abundant components of extracellular matrices. HA is a huge polysaccharide—a single linear HA polymer often exceeds 25,000 disaccharide units in length (~107 Da) and occupies the volume of a 300 nm diameter sphere. These unique biochemical and biophysical properties are accompanied by extremely rapid turnover of HA, which emphasizes the importance of not only its biosynthesis but also degradation in regulating the homeostasis and biological functions of HA. Further supporting the specific importance of HA degradation, a large body of evidence demonstrates that biological functions of HA are dependent on its size and degree of fragmentation. While considerable research has revealed the roles of the HYAL family hyaluronidases in HA catabolism and biology, the discovery of TMEM2 as a functional cell surface hyaluronidase, coupled with increasing data demonstrating its remarkable biological functions, have added a new dimension of research to the field of HA biology.
Oxygen Plasma Surface‐Activated Lithium Niobate for Controlling Protons Diffusion Rate
Authors: Sosunov Aleksei V. , Petukhov Igor V. , Kozlov Andrei A. , Masalkin Dmitriy N. , Kornilicyn Andrey , Sheremet Anna G. , Kuneva Mariana
Published: February 2025

Lithium niobate (LN) is one of the key materials in modern instrument engineering. Currently, photonic devices based on thin films have great potential for use. That is why the role of the surfaces in technological operations strongly increases. Herein, the powerful effect of modifying the surface of LN in oxygen plasma at low pressures on the diffusion coefficient of hydrogen ions is demonstrated. Plasma activation of LN surface leads to changes in chemical composition, found by X‐Ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Raman, and IR spectroscopy methods that the part of niobium relative to oxygen on the surface of LN decreases. During proton exchange (PE), the deformations of the crystal lattice and the change of refractive index are sharply reduced. No surface damage of LN is observed at direct PE. For the first time, it is possible to form an intermediate phase at low PE temperatures and without annealing. This was previously considered impossible. An explanation is proposed for the adsorption of benzoic acid on the surface of lithium niobate. This effect can be used in ridge waveguides and diffuse optical waveguide technology, nonlinear optical applications, and lab on chip.
A Pyroptosis Radiosensitizer Facilitates Hypoxic Tumor Necrosis
Authors: Gu Chenglu , Wang Dongmei , Zhu Shuang , Wang Xue , Tian Xinyi , Liao You , Gu Zhanjun
Published: February 2025

Hypoxia‐related tumor radioresistance markedly impairs the efficacy of radiotherapy. Herein, a targeted radiosensitization strategy is introduced, leveraging the upregulation of gasdermin C (GSDMC) in hypoxic tumor cells, aiming to induce pyroptosis through the application of a cobalt‐containing polyoxometalate‐based radiosensitizer. This novel radiosensitizer is designed for the precisely controlled release of cobalt ions upon X‐ray irradiation, thereby activating caspase‐8 and prompting the cleavage of GSDMC. This sequence of events selectively triggers pyroptosis in hypoxic tumor cells, directly addressing radioresistance. The ensuing results highlight the enhanced radiotherapy efficacy and tumor necrosis both in vitro and in vivo models. Overall, the findings confirm the effectiveness of this strategy targeting high GSDMC expression in hypoxic tumors to induce pyroptosis for precise radiotherapy. Such findings encourage further exploration of hypoxia‐driven pyroptosis to improve cancer treatment outcomes.
Tailoring Crystalline States of Alloy Coating for High Current Density and Large Areal Capacity of Zn
Authors: Chen Sheng , Ouyang Kefeng , Pu Guo , Liu Youfa , Yu Lidong , Cui Mangwei , Liu Ao , Wang Yihan , Zhang Kun , Huang Yan
Published: February 2025

Due to issues of hydrogen evolution, corrosion, and uncontrolled deposition behaviors at the Zn anode, the practical implementation of Zn‐ion batteries has faced significant obstacles. Very limited attention is directed toward various alloy crystalline states for the Zn anode protection primarily due to the challenge of synthesizing high‐quality alloy coatings with diverse crystalline states. In this study, the crystalline state of NiCr alloy coating is precisely manipulated using magnetron sputtering, revealing distinct thermodynamic and kinetic changes induced by variation in the crystalline state. This research emphasizes the fundamental understanding of microstructure dynamics and achieves a highly reversible Zn anode at harsh conditions of high current density (80 mA cm−2) and large areal capacity (40 mAh cm−2), thus enabling high‐capacity and longevous pouch battery.
Highly Dispersed Single Clusters Supported Porphyrinic Metal–Organic Frameworks for Synergetic CO2 Electroreduction to CH4
Authors: Mo Qijie , Chen Chunying , Li Sihong , Song Haili , Zhang Li
Published: February 2025

The electrocatalytic CO2 reduction is a promising path toward the carbon‐neutral goal but remains a huge challenge due to the high activation barrier for CO2 and poor selectivity. Herein, the highly dispersed triruthenium single cluster (Ru3‐SCs) is confined into the nanospace of pyrrole‐3‐carboxylic acid (PyrA)‐modified nickel‐porphyrin‐based metal–organic framework (Ni‐PCN‐222‐PyrA) to form the composite (Ru3‐SCs@Ni‐PCN‐222‐PyrA) through the pre‐coordination confinement strategy. The prepared Ru3‐SCs@Ni‐PCN‐222‐PyrA can accelerate the selective reduction of CO2 to CH4 via electrocatalysis. Under −1.0 V versus reversible hydrogen electrode (RHE), Ru3‐SCs@Ni‐PCN‐222‐PyrA affords CO2 electroreduction to CH4 with a high selectivity of 71.9% Faradaic efficiency. Mechanistic studies reveal that the superior reactivity can be attributed to the ensemble effect and synergistic catalysis of Ru3‐SCs, in which one Ru atom is responsible for CO2 reduction to *CO and another Ru atom promotes the water splitting to generate *H, and then the two intermediates of *CO and *H coupled to form the key intermediate of *CHO in a thermodynamically favorable way.
Electrospun N‐Doped Carbon–Carbon Nanofibers with Enhanced Porosity for High‐Performance Zinc‐Ion Hybrid Supercapacitor Application
Authors: Roy Sayak , Samanta Rajib , Barman Sudip
Published: February 2025

Zinc‐ion hybrid supercapacitors (ZIHSCs) represent a promising frontier in high‐performance energy storage, offering greater energy density characteristic shown by batteries alongside high power yield and extended life of supercapacitors. Carbon materials, due to their inexpensiveness, abundance, and excellent conductivity, have been promising cathode choices for ZIHSCs. However, the application of electrospun carbon nanofibers as cathodes in ZIHSCs remains relatively unexplored. This study describes the synthesis of electrospun porous N‐doped carbon (NC)‐carbon nanofibers (NC‐CNFs) through a carbonization‐activation pathway. The NC‐CNFs achieves specific surface area (SSA) of 2426.6 m2g−1 and a specific capacity of 173.5 mAhg−1 at 0.1 Ag−1 in a ZIHSC setup. A maximum energy density (ED) and power density (PD) of 138.8 Wh kg−1 and 7998.9 W kg−1, respectively is also obtained. After 10 000 charge‐discharge cycles, the device retains 91.7% initial capacitance. Additionally, the charge storage performances of a symmetric supercapacitor (SC) and a ZIHSC, made of NC‐CNFs, are compared to prove the superiority of the ZIHSC over SC. This study highlights that incorporating NC into electrospun carbon nanofibers, with potassium hydroxide (KOH) activation, yields a ZIHSC cathode material with an optimal porous 1D morphology, large SSA, optimized nanofiber diameter, and efficient heteroatom doping, leading to excellent electrochemical performance.
Cloudnativesim: A Toolkit for Modeling and Simulation of Cloud‐Native Applications
Authors: Wu Jingfeng , Xu Minxian , He Yiyuan , Ye Kejiang , Xu Chengzhong
Published: February 2025

Background

Cloud‐native applications are increasingly becoming popular in modern software design. Employing a microservice‐based architecture into these applications is a prevalent strategy that enhances system availability and flexibility. However, cloud‐native applications introduce new challenges, including frequent inter‐service communication and the management of heterogeneous codebases and hardware, resulting in unpredictable complexity and dynamism. Furthermore, as applications scale, only limited research teams or enterprises possess the resources for large‐scale deployment and testing, which impedes progress in the cloud‐native domain.

Aims

To address these challenges, we propose CloudNativeSim, a simulator for cloud‐native applications with a microservice‐based architecture.

Results

CloudNativeSim offers several key benefits: (i) comprehensive and dynamic modeling for cloud‐native applications, (ii) an extended simulation framework with new policy interfaces for scheduling cloud‐native applications, and (iii) support for customized application scenarios and user feedback based on Quality of Service (QoS) metrics.

Conclusion

CloudNativeSim can be easily deployed on standard computers to manage a high volume of requests and services. Its performance was validated through a case study, demonstrating higher than 94.5% accuracy in terms of response time simulation. The study further highlights the feasibility of CloudNativeSim by illustrating the effects of various scaling policies.
Extended Commentary – The US Space Force: America's Key to Securing Space Dominance—It Ain't Science Fiction Anymore
Authors: Card Orson Scott , Colucci Lamont
Published: February 2025

The US Space Force (USSF) is not simply a rebranding of existing military programs. Neither is it a novelty aimed at securing more defense funding. It is a necessary institution designed to prepare the United States for a future in which space will be the battleground for global influence and security. This battleground is clearly not science fiction anymore; and the USSF will be the sword and shield of democratic values and moral order in the space domain. This extended commentary—coauthored by the inaugural Director of Doctrine Development for the USSF and a strategic consultant who is also a global best‐selling science fiction author—contends that as space continues to evolve into a contested domain, the United States must be the dominant player in this very real strategic arena. The article explores the cultural, strategic, and military imperatives behind the Space Force's creation, details the 11 enduring principles guiding its evolution, and surveys the broader context and reality in which space dominance must be secured.
The Power of Music: Connecting Leadership Developmental Theory to Modern Icons Beyoncé and Taylor Swift
Authors: Tucker Sanithia , Vincent Kaley
Published: February 2025

This article links the connection between music and leadership, exploring ways to connect musical icons to teaching leadership theory and concepts. The authors utilize the relationship leadership model (RLM) and the leadership identity development (LID) model through case studies of Beyoncé Knowles‐Carter and Taylor Swift. We provide questions to deepen the facilitator and learners' understanding of these pedagogical approaches. Recommendations and implications follow to ensure educators and practitioners are thinking through the many other approaches to help leadership learners develop through examples of music.
Sound Leadership: Harnessing the Power of Podcasts in Leadership Development
Authors: Devies Brittany , Bullock Lauren , Jenkins Daniel M. , Allen Scott J. , Stanberry Joanna
Published: February 2025

This article explores the pedagogical considerations of using pop‐culture podcasts as an instructional strategy in leadership development. We clarify key concepts, evaluate podcasts as an instructional tool, and provide recommendations and implications for their integration into leadership learning experiences. While an important consideration for educators, more research is needed about the efficacy of this instructional strategy. Nonetheless, podcasts are an important consideration for program architects seeking contemporary connections to leadership learning.
Synthesis, Structure and Disorder in Na36Sn5Pn18 (Pn = P, Sb)
Authors: Fässler Thomas Friedrich , Botta Manuel
Published: February 2025

Solid ion conducting materials are important components for all‐solid‐state batteries. Recently, solid lithium ion conducting materials with tetrahedral EP4 units were discovered for E = Si, Ge, Sn, Al, Ga, and In. The increasing demand for high‐performance and low‐cost battery technology promotes the search for new sodium ion‐conducting materials, since sodium holds promise to be a cheap and abundant alternative for lithium. In this work we report on the synthesis and characterization of the two new compounds Na36Sn5Pn18 (Pn = P, Sb). Both phases are obtained via ball‐milling procedures and subsequent annealing processes. Crystallographic investigations based on single crystal X‐ray diffraction data reveal that both compounds crystallize in the space group I41/amd (no. 141). The structure can be described based on a distorted cubic closed packing of Pn atoms with Sn atoms located in tetrahedral voids. Additionally, a dimeric ethane‐analogue Sn2Pn6 unit is present, that can be understood as a Sn2 dumbbell that occupies an octahedral void. In the P derivative an additional disorder is observed which reveals trigonal planar SnP3 beside SnP4 and Sn2P6 units. Both compounds correspond to electron‐precise Zintl phases.
Metaphor-Driven Contextualization: Reordering Sustainability Information for Collective Intelligence
Authors: Aebi Carol
Published: February 2025

This chapter utilizes metaphorical reasoning and draws upon Gareth Morgan’s “Images of Organization” to provide a theoretical basis for understanding complex social value and sustainability dynamics. The selected metaphor of the “flux and transformation” lens/prism offers insights into the constant interplay between social stability and dynamic change in social development. Thought trials through metaphor explore interconnected concepts, including the relationships between systems and their environments, chaos and complexity theory, cybernetics, and the tensions between opposites. Concepts such as Stigmergy, Systems Thinking and Systems Dynamics offer contextualization. Chapter 3 bridges the social value and social impact literature examined in Chap. 2 and the model-building process outlined in Chap. 4 by providing a new perspective frame for a new theory’s emergence.
Research on DOA Estimation Method of Underwater Acoustic Signal Based on Machine Learning
Authors: Zhao Feiyu
Published: February 2025

This project is concerned with the development of a machine learning-based DOA estimation of underwater acoustic signals with the view of improving the efficiency and reliability of the signal processing in complex underwater environments. The feature analysis and classification of the underwater acoustic signals are done with the help of convolutional neural networks (CNNs). Through multi-step purification of the signal data and lowering the sampling frequency of the pre-processed signal data, a high-performance arrival angle assessment framework is constructed. The results indicate that the algorithm achieves high accuracy, recall and F1 in different noise intensity levels; particularly, low noise environment with an accuracy of 95%. 2%. The application verification of practical application also confirms that this technology has strong applicability and stability in complex seabed conditions.
Design and Implementation of Smart Home Control System Based on STM32
Authors: Gao Lang , Li Guo
Published: February 2025

With the rapid development of Internet of Things (IoT) technology, smart home control has become an indispensable part of modern life. This study designs a smart home control system based on the STM32 microcontroller, combined with Tencent CloudBase and WiFi communication technology, to achieve remote control of home devices and real-time monitoring of home environments. The system uses the MQTT protocol to transmit data and send control commands. At the same time, a WeChat mini-program is developed as the client for controlling devices. The feasibility of the system has been verified through testing.
Communication Anti-jamming System Based on Deep Reinforcement Learning
Authors: Feng Xuewei , Wen Hong , Zhao Runhui , Tang Tao , Shi Weihong , Peng Yulin
Published: February 2025

Due to the open characteristics of the electromagnetic channel, there are malicious nodes that jam the normal data flow, prevent the legitimate receiver from obtaining information, and then intercept and tamper with the data, which makes the research of communication anti-jamming becomes more and more important. Traditional anti-jamming methods employ a single anti-jamming approach and cannot adaptively adjust their anti-jamming strategy based on the environment, often can’t achieve a good anti-jamming effect in the complex communication environment. In order to solve these challenges, this paper studies the anti-jamming communication model based on deep reinforcement learning (DRL), and builds a simulation system to realize intelligent anti-jamming decision-making by using DRL algorithm. The simulation results show that the proposed intelligent anti-jamming decision can choose the best anti-jamming scheme according to the complex environment and effectively improve the communication quality.
Fault Diagnosis of Infrared Sensor Based on Convolutional Neural Network
Authors: Hu Zhenghao , Liu Yingyi , Cheng Lin , Wang Yan , Zhang Donglei , Tian Xun
Published: February 2025

Infrared sensors are critical equipment for monitoring substations, but they are subjected to complex multi-physical field stresses in substation applications, leading to a significantly higher failure rate of infrared sensors in substations compared to other applications. Effective fault diagnosis of infrared sensors is of great importance for improving the safety of substations. This article proposes a method for fault diagnosis of infrared sensors. First, the network weights are trained based on the ImageNet dataset and kept fixed. Then, a transfer learning approach is used to fine-tune the model based on a dataset of infrared sensor failures, resulting in the classification results. To verify the effectiveness of the proposed method, the improved transfer learning model is compared to the model before improvement. Experimental results show that the proposed method greatly reduces training time and improves classification accuracy compared to the previous model. In conclusion, the method presented in this article offers a new approach for fault diagnosis of infrared sensors, which can contribute to enhancing the reliability of infrared sensors in substations.
A Verifiable Ciphertext Retrieval Scheme for Smart Grids
Authors: Lin Xiuqing , Chen Jueyu , Qin Yupeng , Yang Zhou , Li Jinjin
Published: February 2025

With the expanding volume of smart grid data, cloud storage has emerged as a cost-effective scheme for their maintenance. However, storing plaintext data in the cloud may lead to a significant risk of privacy leakage of web data. Existing cryptography-based systems are often inefficient because data must be decrypted to access it. To address these challenges, a new approach for verifiable digital text discovery is proposed. The program allows recovery operations to be performed while ensuring data confidentiality and availability. This new scheme involves: Generating root hashes using Merkle trees and leverage Blockchain guarantees the trustworthiness of search results. In addition, a multi-cloud heterogeneous distributed system storage system is designed to store user data, which has the ability to repair damaged data. This feature not only improves data security, but also ensures data availability. Finally, the security analysis and simulation results verify the security and efficiency of the protocol.
Robust Multi-agent Federated Reinforcement Learning for Task Offloading
Authors: Yan Dibao , Wang Yongfeng , Hou Wenjing , Song Huanhuan , Wen Hong , Ma Wendi , Sun Fan
Published: February 2025

With the proliferation of various mobile smart devices, edge computing and computational offloading technologies have emerged as pivotal support mechanisms, enhancing the service quality of these devices. To facilitate the learning of task offloading strategies across diverse and complex scenarios, this study introduces a federated learning strategy algorithm based on multi-agent deep reinforcement learning. This algorithm aims to aggregate the training strategies of multiple edge computing devices, thereby enabling the synthesis of superior task offloading strategies tailored to a wide array of environments while also providing safeguards against malicious nodes. This paper specifically examines the reward inversion attack, illustrating the algorithm’s capability to identify and counteract such malicious threats effectively. Experimental results validate that the proposed algorithm not only robustly defends against these attacks but also adeptly learns the task offloading strategies pertinent to each node.
Video Codec Method for Compressed Sensing Theory
Authors: Yan Haixia , Liu Yanjun
Published: February 2025

In order to realize the rapid H.265 codec method, a new H.265 codec method based on Compressed Sensing Theory is proposed. The H.265 codec method are divided into three different types, intra-frame type, interframe type and mix frame type. Combined with the Compressed Sensing Theory, the input images linearly transform into the residual data, scale and quantify the transformed coefficients; after loop filtering and adaptive compensation, the H.265 coding data are got. When decoding, the process is reversed. Experimental results show that this method improves the image video codec quality and the image video codec speeds.
An Offline Learning-Based Anti-interference Communication Scheme for UAV Networks
Authors: Tang Tao , Zhao Runhui , Wen Hong , Feng Xuewei , Shi Weihong , Peng Yulin
Published: February 2025

Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV) face challenges from advanced interference technologies, making them susceptible to malicious node attacks, data interception, and tampering. Traditional anti-interference decisions have limitations, as they cannot adaptively adjust to changes in interference signals. Moreover, anti-interference communication models based on Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL) require prolonged interactions with the environment, demanding high requirements for anti-interference environments. This paper investigates an offline anti-interference decision based on Decision-Transformers, which can quickly and stably acquire practical anti-interference decision models. Simulation experiments have verified the effectiveness of this algorithm in making anti-interference decisions under AWGN and fading channel conditions. Furthermore, this offline approach can achieve the expected reward targets with fewer training iterations.
Adaptive Communication Spectrum Sensing Algorithm Based on Energy Detection
Authors: Shi Weihong , Tang Tao , Zhao Runhui , Wen Hong , Feng Xuewei
Published: February 2025

Based on the traditional energy detection algorithm, an adaptive communication spectrum sensing algorithm based on energy detection is proposed for signals whose noise power is difficult to be estimated accurately. The algorithm takes into account the problem of large error in calculating the energy detection judgment threshold by noise power when the estimated value of noise power is inaccurate, and is able to perform adaptive communication spectrum sensing for signals with less a priori information and noise power that cannot be estimated accurately. Simulation results show that the adaptive communication spectrum sensing algorithm based on energy detection can effectively improve the performance of spectrum sensing for signals, and the algorithm can effectively detect and sense signals under the condition of reasonable setting of judgment coefficients.
Research on the Application of Internet of Things Technology in Power Grid Limited Space Security Monitoring
Authors: Jiang Zhijian
Published: February 2025

The goal of this paper is to study the practical application of Internet of Things technology in the safety supervision of specific areas of the power grid, so as to optimize the safety management process of the power grid and improve its management efficiency and accuracy. For the major components of power facilities including cable tunnels, substations, cable trenches, temperature, humidity, and gas sensors are installed. These sensors use wireless sensor network technology to send data to the next level, and then the data is sent to the big data analysis for further analysis and monitoring. The findings of the study indicate that the sensor network can monitor important environmental information in real time, with the data transmission rate of 250 kilobits per second and the probability of data loss of less than 0. 1%. This monitoring system can give an alarm 5 to 10 min before the fault is likely to happen with an accuracy of more than 95%. By using accurate measurement instruments and a big data processing center, the system has made some remarkable outcomes in the improvement of the power grid stability and security.
SymTFTs and non-invertible symmetries of 6d (2,0) SCFTs of type D from M-theory
Authors: Bonetti Federico , Del Zotto Michele , Minasian Ruben
Published: February 2025

Abstract

We revisit 6d (2,0) SCFTs of type D

N
and their realization in M-theory, focusing on absolute variants of these theories and on their global finite 0- and 2-form symmetries. We derive the 7d SymTFT capturing these global symmetries from M-theory, both from the point of view of the low-energy supergravity action on AdS
7 × RP
4 and from M2- and M5-branes giving rise to its topological operators. Along the way, results by Gukov, Hsin, and Pei are extended by keeping track of an additional 7d ℤ
2 gauge field, associated to the outer automorphism of the D

N
algebra. In particular, we find an interplay of non-invertible symmetries and mixed anomalies for absolute 6d (2,0) D
4k
SCFTs with k ≥ 1. We highlight several subtle points related to the non-orientability of RP
4, the half-integral G
4-flux that threads it, and the non-commutativity of fluxes. All these also play an essential role in a holographic derivation of the anomaly polynomial of 6d (2,0) D

N
SCFTs.
Mass spectrum & linear perturbations of ghost-free multi-spin-2 theory
Authors: Flinckman J. , Hassan S. F.
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Motivated by the spin-2 nature of gravity, we consider a theory of

$$ \mathcal{N} $$

N

interacting spin-2 fields, formulated in terms of vielbeins, which has been argued to be free of Boulware-Deser ghost instabilities. This is the only known such theory with non-trivial multi-field interactions. We develop an all-order expansion of the vielbein in terms of the metric and Lorentz field perturbations, enabling an expansion of the action in arbitrary backgrounds to any order. The mass matrix is then analysed around proportional vielbein solutions corresponding to vacuum Einstein spacetimes. It is shown that the theory exhibits a non-tachyonic spectrum with one massless and

$$ \mathcal{N} $$

N

− 1 massive spin-2 modes, regardless of the sign of the cosmological constant. While the massless mode is universal, the non-zero masses cannot generally be determined analytically, but we obtain the lower and upper bounds on each mass eigenvalue in terms of the parameters of the theory.
Commutative Algebras with One-Dimensional Square
Authors: Martín Barquero Dolores , Martín González Cándido , Sánchez-Ortega Juana
Published: February 2025

In this paper, we classify and study commutative algebras having a one-dimensional square. In finite dimension (see Theorem 3.9) besides some cases (which are all associative and nilpotent with nilpotency index 3), the algebras with zero annihilator are either of symplectic type (appearing only in characteristic 2), or evolution algebras. In infinite dimension, ruling out the associative case, we prove that our algebras are either of symplectic type or evolution algebras provided some technical conditions are satisfied (see Theorem 3.12). Our main tool is the theory of inner product spaces and quadratic forms. More precisely, if A denotes an evolution algebra with

$$\dim (A^2) = 1$$

dim
(

A
2

)
=
1

and a a generator of

$$A^2$$

A
2

, then A admits an inner product

$$\langle \cdot , \cdot \rangle $$

⟨
·
,
·
⟩

such that the product of A is given by

$$xy = \langle x, y\rangle a$$

x
y
=
⟨
x
,
y
⟩
a

. There are three classes to consider:

$$a\in \textrm{Ann}(A)$$

a
∈
Ann
(
A
)

;

$$a\notin \textrm{Ann}(A)$$

a
∉
Ann
(
A
)

and a is isotropic relative to

$$\langle \cdot , \cdot \rangle $$

⟨
·
,
·
⟩

;

$$a\notin \textrm{Ann}(A)$$

a
∉
Ann
(
A
)

and a is anisotropic relative to

$$\langle \cdot , \cdot \rangle $$

⟨
·
,
·
⟩

.

The isomorphism problem among these objects is investigated. For some of these algebras, we have also determined the existence of faithful associative representations in certain Clifford algebras.
Chirurgische Optionen zur Behandlung einer Patella baja
Authors: Blaukovitsch Michael , Mengis Natalie , Ammann Elias , Toth Laszlo , Hirschmann Michael T. , Koch Matthias
Published: February 2025

Die Patella baja stellt eine komplexe Herausforderung für den behandelnden Orthopäden und Unfallchirurgen dar. Sie kann akut in Folge von Verletzungen und postoperativen Veränderungen der Gelenksymmetrie entstehen, sowie sich auch im Verlauf nach operativen Eingriffen und Verletzungen entwickeln. Klinisch fällt sie insbesondere durch einen anterioren Knieschmerz sowie oft auch eine Einschränkung des Bewegungsumfangs auf. Die Diagnosestellung und Quantifizierung erfolgen anhand einer lateralen Bildgebung (Röntgenaufnahme/Magnetresonanztomographie [MRT]/Computertomographie [CT]) und unterschiedlichen Indices, die die Höhe der Kniescheibe beschreiben können. In Zusammenschau ist zwischen einer echten („true patella baja“) und vermeintlichen Patella baja („pseudo patella baja“), die vor allem nach Knieendoprothetik durch eine Verschiebung der Gelenklinie zustande kommt, zu unterscheiden. Die operativen Therapieformen erfolgen ursachenabhängig mittels Wiederherstellung der Kontinuität des Streckapparats im akuten Fall oder mittels Optimierung der Patellahöhe in Form einer proximalisierenden Tuberositas-tibiae-Osteotomie oder in der Revisionsendoprothetik durch die Wiederherstellung der Gelenklinie.