bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The effects of packaging design of private brands on consumers' responses
Authors: Hwang Jiyoung , Kim Soojin
Published: December 2021

This study examines how retailers can capitalize on the packaging design for multitier private brands to drive positive consumer responses. We shed light on cognitive and affective consumer responses in relation to consumers' visual processing, price‐consciousness, and perception of retailer‐private brand congruity. The results of two studies, a pilot test, and a post‐hoc test with US consumers confirm that premium packaging design has a strong, positive impact on brand equity and consumer choice of private brands over national brands, through quality perception (i.e., cognitive response) and perceived hedonism (i.e., affective response). The impacts of packaging design on consumer responses are conditional such that packaging design influences those with a high or medium level of visual processing (i.e., a consumer characteristic), but not those with a low level of visual processing. Furthermore, we show when the premium packaging may not be preferred by showing that the moderating effects of visual processing are conditional upon the level of price‐consciousness and retailer‐private brand congruity. As one of the first studies on this topic, these insights advance the literature and help retailers develop and tailor implementations of their private brands.
[11C]Carboxylated Tetrazines for Facile Labeling of Trans‐Cyclooctene‐Functionalized PeptoBrushes
Authors: García‐Vázquez Rocío , Battisti Umberto Maria , Shalgunov Vladimir , Schäfer Gabriela , Barz Matthias , Herth Matthias Manfred
Published: December 2021

Functionalization of macromolecules (antibodies, polymers, nanoparticles) with click‐reactive groups greatly enhances the versatility of their potential applications. Click chemistry based on tetrazine – trans‐cyclooctene (TCO) ligation is especially promising and is already widely applied for pretargeted imaging and therapy. Indirect radiolabeling of TCO‐functionalized macromolecules with substoichiometric amounts of radioactive tetrazines is a convenient way to monitor the fate of those macromolecules by means of positron emission tomography (PET) imaging after their administration into the test subject. In this work, the preparation is reported of TCO‐containing graft copolymers, namely PeptoBrushes (polyglutamic acid‐graft‐polysarcosine), novel [11C]carboxylated tetrazines, and their combined use in radiolabeling the polymer by inverse electron demand Diels Alder reaction, to investigate it is potential for an application in pretarget imaging or injectable brachytherapy. The procedure for [11C]tetrazine production is easy and scalable, while indirect TCO‐PeptoBrushes labeling with these [11C]tetrazines is mild, fast, and quantitative. This strategy allows facile 11C‐labeling of diverse TCO‐functionalized macromolecules, so that their localization and distribution shortly after injection can be assessed by PET.
Back‐to‐school survey finds MH service access major barrier
Authors: Canady Valerie A.
Published: December 2021

The biggest barriers to getting the right mental health care for children are a lack of therapists and finding the right therapist, according to an independent survey conducted in late September, weeks after many children returned in person to school. Authors of the research brief, released in November, noted that the global pandemic made the 2020–2021 school year difficult for children and families, especially due to the need for distance learning and the amount of time children physically spent away from school.
Early Weaning in Endangered Delta Smelt: Effect of Weaning Time on Growth and Survival
Authors: Hung Tien-Chieh , Ellison Luke , Stevenson Troy , Sandford Marade , Schultz Andrew A. , Eads Angela R.
Published: December 2021

Successful aquaculture operations strive to produce high-quality, healthy fish while minimizing costs. One way to do this is to wean fish off live feed as soon as possible to a formulated dry feed. In this study, Delta Smelt Hypomesus transpacificus were weaned onto a dry feed diet at three life stages: early larval (14 days posthatch [dph]), late larval (60 dph), and juvenile (105 dph), and compared to a control group of fish receiving live prey to 160 dph according to current practices. Delta Smelt did not have high survival or growth when dry feed was introduced at 14 dph, and showed significant increases in growth but low survival when the weaning process was started at 60 dph. Fish going through the experimental weaning process starting at 105 dph showed higher growth and survival rates than the control regime, indicating that this is a more optimal time to wean them off the live prey diet. Our findings suggest that Delta Smelt production methods could be improved by weaning fish earlier than the 160 dph currently implemented at the conservation hatchery.
Body weight fluctuation is associated with rapid kidney function decline
Authors: Joo Young Su , Nam Ki Heon , Jhee Jong Hyun , Yun Hae‐Ryong , Lee Sangmi , Han Seung Hyeok , Yoo Tae‐Hyun , Kang Shin‐Wook , Park Jung Tak
Published: December 2021

Objective

This study aimed to evaluate the effects of body weight fluctuations on kidney function deterioration in a prospective cohort of individuals with normal kidney function.

Methods

Data were obtained from the Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study. Body weight fluctuations were determined using average successive variability (ASV), which was defined as the average absolute body weight change using repeated measurements for all participants. The decline of the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) over time was calculated using linear regression analysis of serial eGFR measurements for each patient. Rapid eGFR decline was defined as an average eGFR decline > 3 mL/min/1.73 m2 per year.

Results

A total of 6,790 participants were analyzed. During a median follow‐up of 11.7 years, rapid eGFR decline was observed in 913 (13.4%) participants. When the participants were categorized into tertiles according to ASV, rapid eGFR decline was more prevalent in the highest ASV tertile group than in the lowest. Analyses using multiple logistic regression models revealed that the risk of rapid eGFR decline was increased in the highest ASV tertile group compared with the lowest (odds ratio: 1.66).

Conclusions

Body weight fluctuations were significantly associated with an increased risk of rapid kidney function decline in participants with normal kidney function.
Properties of organic and inorganic filler hybridization on TimohoFiber‐reinforcedpolyester polymer composites
Authors: Gapsari Femiana , Purnowidodo Anindito , Setyarini Putu H. , Hidayatullah Syarif , Suteja  , Izzuddin Hubby , Subagyo Rachmat , Mavinkere Rangappa Sanjay , Siengchin Suchart
Published: December 2021

Eco‐friendly composite made of Timoho Fiber (TF) continuously developed to get the best performance to replace plastic‐based synthetic fibers. This study focuses on investigating physical characteristics, mechanical properties, thermal analysis, and the morphology of TF‐reinforced polyester composites by adding organic (egg shell powder‐ESP) and inorganic (aluminum powder‐AP) fillers. Hot press method was used in the composite fabrication with considered volume fraction of TF, organic, and inorganic fillers. The results showed that the density of TF‐polyester composites decreases with the increasing volume fraction of the fibers. For additional fillers, it was shown that AP was more effective to be used to improve density than ESP. The tensile and impact strength of the composite increased with increasing TF volume. However, the addition of ESP and AP fillers into the composite caused different mechanical characteristics. Filler addition increased the elasticity modulus, toughness, thermal resistance increased, while the tensile strength decreased. ESP and AP fillers provided the best thermal resistance due to the relatively high thermal conductivity of ±1700°C compared to composites without fillers and amorphous ESP fillers. SEM observation supported the analysis of TF‐polyester composite mechanical characteristics.
Association between a usual source of care and influenza vaccination rates among pregnant women
Authors: Toth Jennifer M. , Nsiah Irene , Nair Sonam , Ramachandran Sujith
Published: December 2021

Purpose

Pregnant women and infants less than 6 months of age have a higher risk of complications from influenza. Vaccination is recommended for pregnant women to decrease risk of infection and hospitalizations between both the women themselves and infants. However, vaccination rates remain low in pregnant women. The objective of this study was to determine the association between having a usual source of care and seasonal influenza vaccination rates among women who were pregnant between 2012 and 2016.

Methods

A retrospective study was conducted using pooled data from the 2012–2016 Medical Expenditure Panel Survey. Frequencies of seasonal influenza vaccinations and other sociodemographic factors were estimated. A multivariable log‐binomial regression model was used to examine the association between having a usual source of care and seasonal influenza vaccination rates.

Results

The weighted influenza vaccination rate among pregnant women was 54.5%. About one third did not have a usual source of care. The adjusted prevalence ratio of receiving an influenza vaccine for pregnant women without a usual source of care was 0.76 (95% confidence interval = 0.60–0.98). The top three main reasons for not having a usual source of care were being seldom or never sick (55.7%), not having health insurance (10.6%), and having recently moved to an area (9.9%).

Conclusions

Pregnant women without a usual source of care had significantly lower probability of being vaccinated against seasonal influenza. Improving access to care through greater insurance coverage, addressing cost barriers, and providing patient education may help improve vaccination rates in this population.
Changing the narrative in schools: Addressing systemic barriers and stereotypes that prevent gender and sexual diverse youth from thriving
Authors: McCabe Paul C. , Anhalt Karla
Published: December 2021

Schools are no different than other political and cultural institutions that have at their foundations assumptions and policies based on stereotypes, hegemonic masculinity, binary notions of gender, and heteronormativity. When these foundations are questioned or challenged, resistance and disruption can occur. While there is evidence of greater acceptance of gender and sexual diversity (GSD) in schools, school professionals are often called upon to address the needs of GSD youth, as school environments may contain systemic barriers that prevent these youth from thriving. Addressing the needs of GSD youth can be complicated by other intersecting identities including race, religion, culture, disability, immigration status, and so forth. This special issue of PITS explores gender and sexual diversity, LGBTQ+identity, and the intersectionality of GSD with other identities that have historically struggled with marginalization and bias. An advocacy stance is proposed that focuses on the unique strengths and resilience of GSD youth to change the narrative from one of clinicalization of GSD youth to one of adaptability and empowerment. The articles in this special issue focus on barriers at multiple levels that impact GSD youth, from systemic barriers in educational contexts to those in the classroom, curriculum, extracurricular activities, and sports. Changing the narrative of GSD youth means focusing on stories of youth empowerment, advocacy, and healthy GSD development, while simultaneously challenging and dismantling the oppressive systems of heterosexism, cissexism, sexism, and racism, among others, that perpetuate unequal educational environments for minoritized student populations.
Influence of Morphology‐Controlled Cu2ZnSnSe4 Nanoparticles for Environmental Remediation Process under Visible Light
Authors: Sai Prasanna Meenakshisundaram , Imla Mary Charles , Senthilkumar Muthu , Manobalaji Gandhi , Moorthy Babu Sridharan
Published: December 2021

Cu2ZnSnSe4 (CZTSe) nanoparticles (NPs) are successfully synthesized via cost‐effective hot‐injection process and morphologically modified by biphasic ligand exchange method. X‐ray diffraction (XRD) results indicate kesterite phase for the as‐prepared CZTSe NPs. Scherrer equation is used to evaluate the average crystallite size (≈30 nm). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images reveal that the interconnected nanoflakes structure combines to produce hierarchical CZTSe nanoflower. Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) results confirm the replacement of native long‐chain ligand over the surface of NPs with inorganic salts. The optical studies reveal that the CZTSe NPs have a large absorbance over the visible region with optimum bandgap value of 1.23 eV. The photocatalytic studies confirm the high efficiency of CZTSe NPs in degrading the methylene blue (MB) dye within 120 min under visible light irradiation. The intermediate products formed during the degradation of MB have been analyzed by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI‐MS). The photocatalytic degradation mechanism is discussed.
Impacts of soil‐borne disease on plant yield and farm profit in dairying soils
Authors: Dignam Bryony E. A. , Marshall Sean D. G. , Wall Andrew J. , Mtandavari Yeukai F. , Gerard Emily M. , Hicks Emily , Cameron Catherine , Aalders Lee T. , Shi Shengjing , Bell Nigel L.
Published: December 2021

Introduction

Globally, soil‐borne plant pathogens are a significant contributor to plant yield loss in agricultural systems, including pasture production. The extent of soil biological constraints in high‐value dairy systems was assessed across three major dairying regions of New Zealand.

Materials and Methods

Regional measures of disease pressure were obtained by comparing white clover, perennial ryegrass and plantain growth in 30 farm soils with (non‐pasteurised) or without (microwave pasteurised) their normal complement of microbial and nematode pathogens.

Results

Pasteurising soils from the Waikato region led to significant average increases in clover (35%) and ryegrass (19%) shoot dry matter. Individual site yields increased up to 74% for clover and 38% for ryegrass. For Canterbury and Southland, there was no increase in plant yield with pasteurisation on a regional basis, but increases in either clover or ryegrass were significant at three individual farm sites. Across all regions, negative linear relationships between disease pressure (% growth change) and a proxy of soil organic matter quality (anaerobically mineralizable nitrogen:total nitrogen ratio were found for both clover and ryegrass, accounting for 34% of the variation in both clover and ryegrass growth. A positive linear relationship was found between disease pressure and Heterodera cyst nematode abundance, accounting for 33% and 17% of the variation in clover and ryegrass growth change, respectively. The most prevalent putative fungal and oomycete pathogens isolated from the roots and stem bases of clover and ryegrass seedlings were Fusarium oxysporum, Fusarium culmorum, and various Pythium species.

Conclusion

Our results suggest that root pathogens on New Zeland dairy farms are most prevalent and damaging in the Waikato region where economic modelling estimated clover and ryegrass root disease to cost 211 kg MS ha−1 year−1 in milk production and $909 ha−1 year−1 in farm profitability. Given the scale of these costs, targeted management of soil borne disease could present an economically viable approach to improving the resilience of these multi‐plant multi‐pathogen ecosystems.
Psychological suzhi moderates state anxiety and heart rate responses to acute stress in male adolescents
Authors: Wu Lili , Ding Fangyuan , Zhang Ting , He Hua , Wang Juan , Pan Yangu , Zhang Dajun
Published: December 2021

Psychological suzhi has increasingly been recognized to buffer chronic stress and improve mental health. However, few studies have examined the role of psychological suzhi in the response to acute stress. The current study aimed to investigate whether psychological suzhi can buffer state anxiety and heart rate responses to acute stress in adolescents. Healthy male adolescents (N = 63) were classified into high (N = 30) or low (N = 33) psychological suzhi groups based on the Chinese norm of adolescent psychological suzhi scale‐simplified version. They completed both the modified Trier Social Stress Test for Groups and a specific control condition, with heart rate and state anxiety assessed. Data were analysed with mixed‐design repeated measures analysis of variance. The results showed that the modified Trier Social Stress Test for Groups condition effectively induced an increase in state anxiety and heart rate. Furthermore, individuals with higher levels of psychological suzhi showed lower state anxiety and heart rate stress responses. The present study indicated that psychological suzhi is an important internal resource against acute stress, which may inform interventions for male adolescents exposed to acute stress.
Synthesizing Superior Flexible Oxide Perovskite Ceramic Nanofibers by Precisely Controlling Crystal Nucleation and Growth
Authors: Li Xiaohan , Zhang Yuanyuan , Zhang Liang , Xia Shuhui , Zhao Yun , Yan Jianhua , Yu Jianyong , Ding Bin
Published: December 2021

Oxide perovskite ceramics are cornerstone materials of electronic devices, but they easily break under bending. Such brittle failure phenomenon limits their applications in emerging flexible electronics. Here, the authors propose a scalable approach of sol–gel electrospinning to synthesize flexible perovskite Li0.35La0.55TiO3 (LLTO) nanofibers (NFs) by reducing grain sizes and pore defects in the NFs. The strategy is to precisely control crystal nucleation and growth by forming homogeneous nuclei in the sol before electrospinning and to construct soft twin and amorphous grain boundaries by controlling calcination temperatures. Ball‐milling the sol promotes the formation of numerous LLTO nuclei and thus effectively refines grains, while using gradient calcination temperatures from 200 to 900 °C creates intricate soft grain boundaries. The individual LLTO NF shows ceramic toughness with an elastic modulus of ≈40 GPa and the NF film demonstrates silk‐like softness with a large elastic strain of 1.51%. Moreover, the LLTO film shows superior fatigue resistance and it maintains structure well after repeated tensile‐buckling cycles at 40% strain. The proposed strategy facilitates to develop flexible oxide perovskite ceramic films with appealing applications.
Widespread azendohsaurids (Archosauromorpha, Allokotosauria) from the Late Triassic of western USA and India
Authors: Nesbitt Sterling J. , Stocker Michelle R. , Ezcurra Martín D. , Fraser Nicholas C. , Heckert Andrew B. , Parker William G. , Mueller Bill , Sengupta Saradee , Bandyopadhyay Saswati , Pritchard Adam C. , Marsh Adam D.
Published: December 2021

Archosauromorph reptiles underwent rapid lineage diversification, increases in morphological and body size disparity, and expansion into new adaptive landscapes. Several of the primary early archosauromorph clades (e.g. rhynchosaurs) are easy to differentiate from others because of their characteristic body types, whereas the more lizard‐like and carnivorous forms with long necks (e.g. tanystropheids) were historically all relegated to the groups Protorosauria or Prolacertiformes. However, it is now clear that these groups are polyphyletic and that a lizard‐like, carnivorous form is plesiomorphic for Archosauromorpha, and multiple subclades started with that body plan. Among these early forms is Malerisaurus from the Upper Triassic of India (M. robinsonae) and the Upper Triassic of south‐western USA (M. langstoni). In this paper, we critically re‐evaluate the genus. We find both species of Malerisaurus as valid, and identify Malerisaurus as an early diverging, but late‐surviving, carnivorous member of Azendohsauridae within Allokotosauria. Our histological analysis and assessment of ontogenetic changes of limb bones of small and large individuals demonstrate that the skeletons of the small forms grew slowly and became more robust through ontogeny, and that the larger recovered bones are at or near the maximum size of the taxon. Malerisaurus and Malerisaurus‐like taxa were common members of the Otischalkian–Adamanian (late Carnian to mid‐Norian) faunal assemblages from Upper Triassic strata of the south western USA, but they are absent from the younger Revueltian holochronozone. Specimens from western North America show that Allokotosauria had a near‐Pangaean distribution for much of the Middle Triassic to Late Triassic.
Desulfurization of High‐Sulfur HIsarna Hot Metal
Authors: Schrama Frank N. H. , Beunder Elisabeth M. , Emami Ali , Barnes Chris M. , van Boggelen Johan W. K. , Sietsma Jilt , Boom Rob , Yang Yongxiang
Published: December 2021

The HIsarna process is one of the emerging low‐CO2 ironmaking processes that could help the steel industry in achieving their carbon footprint goals. HIsarna hot metal contains 3–4 times more sulfur than hot metal from blast furnaces (BFs). Therefore, a literature study, a thermodynamic analysis, and plant data analysis from Tata Steel, IJmuiden, are used herein to investigate the consequences of HIsarna hot metal for the current hot metal desulfurization process. Although the high sulfur concentration and low temperature of HIsarna hot metal lead to a higher total reagent consumption, compared with desulfurization of BF hot metal, the specific magnesium consumption decreases. The higher oxygen concentration in HIsarna hot metal only leads to a small increase in reagent consumption.
Notoligotrichum synonymised with Atrichopsis (Polytrichaceae, Bryophyta), with two new species from South Africa
Authors: van Rooy Jacques , Bell Neil , Hedderson Terry A. , Flores Jorge , Hyvönen Jaakko
Published: December 2021

Recent phylogenetic analyses of the moss family Polytrichaceae have identified a clade of generally small‐sized species exclusively distributed in southern temperate regions and the New World tropics. This group is sister to all other species in the family that have the characteristic polytrichaceous toothed peristome and epiphragm structure, with most members having been previously placed in superficially similar, predominantly Northern Hemisphere genera. The South African members of this group have been poorly understood, and are here treated taxonomically in the context of a new phylogenetic analysis of Itatiella, Notoligotrichum, Oligotrichum and Psilopilum with increased sampling from South Africa. Additionally, new combinations are made to accommodate all members of the Notoligotrichum clade under Atrichopsis. The South African species occur as two clades in Atrichopsis that diverge prior to the origin of a large Australasian and South American clade. One comprises Atrichopsis wageri comb. nov. (≡ Oligotrichum wageri) and the other A. tetragona sp. nov. and A. capensis sp. nov., two species previously described under Oligotrichum but not effectively published. We formally describe and illustrate the three South African species of Atrichopsis and provide an identification key, illustrations, and distribution maps for these species.
School Makerspace Manifesto
Authors: Nulli Giovanni
Published: December 2021

This contribution describes a sustainable model for makerspaces in primary and lower secondary schools. Based on Indire research on innovative school spaces, it discusses the theoretical background that schools should adopt and create before starting a makerspace lab. It also looks at which aspects of the maker culture can successfully be combined with active pedagogy. In this way, educational institutions and makers can come together to build makerspaces within schools that will be useful to both.
Complete functional recovery in a child after endovascular treatment of basilar artery occlusion caused by spontaneous dissection: a case report
Authors: Borota Ljubisa , Libard Sylwia , Fahlström Markus , Latini Francesco , Lundström Erik
Published: December 2021

Stroke caused by dissection of arteries of the vertebrobasilar system in children is still poorly investigated in terms of etiology, means of treatment, course of disease, and prognosis. The aim of this report was to describe the unusual course of a spontaneous dissection of the basilar artery (BA) in a child treated with endovascular techniques and to point out that the plasticity of the brain stem can fully compensate for structural damage caused by stroke. We report the case of a 15-year-old boy who suffered a wake-up stroke with BA occlusion caused by spontaneous dissection. A blood clot was aspirated from the false lumen and the true lumen re-opened, but the patient deteriorated a few hours later, and repeated angiography revealed that the intimal flap was detached, occluding the BA again. The lumen of BA was then reconstructed by a stent. Despite a large pons infarction, the patient was completely recovered 11 months after the onset. The case was analyzed with angiograms and magnetic resonance imaging, macroscopic and microscopic pathological analysis, computed tomographic angiography, magnetic resonance-based angiography, and diffusion tensor imaging. This case illustrates that applied endovascular techniques and intensive care measures can alter the course of potentially fatal brain stem infarction. Our multimodal analysis gives new insight into the anatomical basis for the plasticity mechanism of the brain stem.
Motivation to smoking cessation in head and neck cancer and dysplasia patients in confrontation with the attitudes of otorhinolaryngologists in delivering anti-smoking therapies
Authors: Rzepakowska Anna , Marcinkiewicz Bartosz , Żurek Michał , Wiśniewska Dominika , Niemczyk Kazimierz
Published: December 2021

Objectives

The aim of the study was to determine the influence of oral, oropharyngeal, laryngeal and hypopharyngeal dysplasia and cancer diagnosis on motivation to smoking cessation in patients. Consecutively, we assessed the competence of ENT specialists in counseling anti-smoking therapies.

Methods

Questionnaire of expected support, Schneider motivation test and Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence (FTND) were administered to 50 smoking patients. The online survey was collected from 152 ENT doctors.

Results

Mean FTND score was 4.58 and Heaviness of Smoking Index (HSI) was 3.1. Patients with oral cavity and oropharyngeal cancer showed the greatest dependence to nicotine 7.67 and 5.25, respectively, and with hypopharyngeal cancer had the lowest 3.5, (p = 0.039). The ranges of HSI were significantly higher for younger patients (p = 0.036). 35 patients were adequately motivated to quit smoking, and their mean age was statistically higher (p = 0.05). Self-reported motivation to smoking cessation was 76%. Of 152 surveyed doctors, only 39% declared knowledge of the diagnostic and therapeutic cessation interventions. 75% showed interest in the training programs.
Effects of voluntary exercise on the expression of browning markers in visceral and subcutaneous fat tissue of normotensive and spontaneously hypertensive rats
Authors: Karadedeli Meryem Sevval , Schreckenberg Rolf , Kutsche Hanna S. , Schlüter Klaus-Dieter
Published: December 2021

High physical activity is important to optimize the function of adipose tissue. Dysfunctional adipose tissue contributes to the development of metabolic stress, chronic inflammation, and hypertension. To improve our current understanding of the interaction between physical exercise and adipose tissue, we analyzed the effect of 10 months voluntary running wheel activity of rats on uncoupling protein (UCP) 1 negative white adipose tissue (visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissue, VWAT and SWAT). Analysis was performed via RT-PCR and immunoblot from adipose tissues depicted from adult normotensive and spontaneously hypertensive female rats. UCP1 negative VWAT differed from UCP1 positive WAT and brown adipose tissue (BAT) from interscapular fat depots, by lacking the expression of UCP1 and low expression of Cidea, a transcriptional co-activator of UCP1. High physical activity affected the expression of five genes in SWAT (Visfatin (up), RBP5, adiponectin, Cidea, and Nrg4 (all down)) but only one gene (Visfatin, up) in VWAT. Furthermore, the expression of these genes is differentially regulated in VWAT and SWAT of normotensive and spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) under sedentary conditions (UCP2) and exercise (Visfatin, Cidea, Nrg4). Keeping the animals after 6 months of voluntary exercise under observation for an additional period of 4 months without running wheels, Visfatin, Cidea, and Nrg4 were stronger expressed in VWAT of SHRs than in sedentary control rats. In summary, our study shows that SWAT is more responsible to exercise than VWAT.
Code of practice for medical autopsies: a minimum standard position paper for pathology departments performing medical (hospital) autopsies in adults
Authors: Alfsen G. Cecilie , Gulczyński Jacek , Kholová Ivana , Latten Bart , Martinez Javier , Metzger Myriam , Michaud Katarzyna , Pontinha Carlos M. , Rakislova Natalia , Rotman Samuel , Varga Zsuzsanna , Wassilew Katharina , Zinserling Vsevolod ,   on behalf of Working group Autopsy Pathology, European Society of Pathology
Published: December 2021

The medical autopsy (also called hospital or clinical autopsy) is a highly specialised medical procedure, which requires professional expertise and suitably equipped facilities. To ensure high standards of performance, the Working Group of Autopsy Pathology of the European Society of Pathology (ESP) suggests a code of practice as a minimum standard for centres performing medical autopsies. The proposed standards exclusively address autopsies in adults, and not forensic autopsies, perinatal/or paediatric examinations. Minimum standards for organisation, standard of premises, and staffing conditions, as well as minimum requirements for level of expertise of the postmortem performing specialists, documentation, and turnaround times of the medical procedure, are presented. Medical autopsies should be performed by specialists in pathology, or by trainees under the supervision of such specialists. To maintain the required level of expertise, autopsies should be performed regularly and in a number that ensures the maintenance of good practice of all participating physicians. A minimum number of autopsies per dedicated pathologist in a centre should be at least 50, or as an average, at least one autopsy per working week. Forensic autopsies, but not paediatric/perinatal autopsies may be included in this number. Turnaround time for final reports should not exceed 3 weeks (14 working days) for autopsies without fixation of brain/spinal cord or other time-consuming additional examinations, and 6 weeks (30 working days) for those with fixation of brain/spinal cord or additional examinations.
Interactive effects of biotic stressors and provenance on chemical defence induction by holm oak (Quercus ilex)
Authors: Rodríguez-Romero Manuela , Gallardo Alejandro , Pérez Andrea , Pulido Fernando
Published: December 2021

Key Message

The patterns of induced chemical defences inQuercus ilexleaves are specific to the biotic stress factor that causes them. Interactive effects between stressors depend on provenance.

Quercusforests are suffering serious decline worldwide, closely linked to the consequences of climate change. The increase of biotic stressors threatens the survival of the holm oak (Quercus ilex), a dominant tree species in the Mediterranean Basin. A better understanding of its resistance mechanisms is urgently required to enable a better control of its decline. In this work, the ability of holm oaks from six Iberian provenances to respond to multiple biotic damage is studied through an analysis of their induced chemical defence patterns. Using 2016 seedlings established in a common garden trial (6 regions × 12 families/region × 7 seedlings/family × 4 treatments), biotic damage was induced at the root level (by infection with the widespread pathogenPhytophthora cinnamomi) and at the above-ground level (by mechanical defoliation). The levels of constitutive and induced total phenols, total tannins and condensed tannins were measured. Results showed that (1) the defensive chemical patterns present significant local and geographical variation, (2) survival to stress is more related to constitutive defences than induced ones, (3) the induced response is stressor-specific, and (4) there is an interactive effect amongst stressors whose sign (induction/inhibition) depends on the provenance. These findings on biotic stressor effects on the chemical defences and survival of holm oak can contribute to the development of genetic material selection programs in the integrated control of the widespread decline ofQuercus.
Automated and non-intrusive provenance capture with UML2PROV
Authors: Sáenz-Adán Carlos , García-Izquierdo Francisco J. , Pérez Beatriz , Huynh Trung Dong , Moreau Luc
Published: December 2021

Data provenance is a form of knowledge graph providing an account of what a system performs, describing the data involved, and the processes carried out over them. It is crucial to ascertaining the origin of data, validating their quality, auditing applications behaviours, and, ultimately, making them accountable. However, instrumenting applications, especially legacy ones, to track the provenance of their operations remains a significant technical hurdle, hindering the adoption of provenance technology. UML2PROV is a software-engineering methodology that facilitates the instrumentation of provenance recording in applications designed with UML diagrams. It automates the generation of (1) templates for the provenance to be recorded and (2) the code to capture values required to instantiate those templates from an application at run time, both from the application’s UML diagrams. By so doing, UML2PROV frees application developers from manual instrumentation of provenance capturing while ensuring the quality of recorded provenance. In this paper, we present in detail UML2PROV’s approach to generating application code for capturing provenance values via the means of Bindings Generation Module (BGM). In particular, we propose a set of requirements for BGM implementations and describe an event-based design of BGM that relies on the Aspect-Oriented Programming (AOP) paradigm to automatically weave the generated code into an application. Finally, we present three different BGM implementations following the above design and analyze their pros and cons in terms of computing/storage overheads and implications to provenance consumers.
Hyper-reoriented walking in minimal space
Authors: Ropelato Sandro , Menozzi Marino , Huang Melody Ying-Yu
Published: December 2021

We present a new reorientation technique, “hyper-reoriented walking,” which greatly reduces the amount of physical space required in virtual reality (VR) applications asking participants to walk along a grid-like path (such as the most common layout in department stores). In hyper-reoriented walking, users walk along the gridlines with a virtual speed of twice the speed of real walking and perform turns at cross-points on the grid with half the speed of the rotation speed in the physical space. The impact of the technique on participants’ sense of orientation and increase in simulator sickness was investigated experimentally involving 19 participants walking in a labyrinth of infinite size that included straight corridors and 90° T-junctions at the end of the corridors. Walking accuracy was assessed by tracking the position of the head mounted display, and cyber-sickness was recorded with the simulator sickness questionnaire and with open questions. Walking straight forward was found to closely match the ideal path, which is the grid line, but slight errors occasionally occurred when participants turned at the T-junctions. A correction algorithm was therefore necessary to bring users back to the gridline. For VR experiments in a grid-like labyrinth with paths of 5 m in length, the technique reduces required size of the tracked physical walking area to 3 m × 2 m.
CFD Study on the Physical Behavior of Flue Dust in an Industrial-Scale Copper Waste Heat Boiler
Authors: Schmidt Amélia , Montenegro Victor , Reuter Markus , Charitos Alexandros , Stelter Michael , Richter Andreas
Published: December 2021

The Flash Smelting Furnace (FSF) is one of the most common reactors for the primary smelting of copper concentrates. Its smooth operation depends on the availability and performance of the downstream Waste Heat Boiler (WHB). The WHB is especially sensitive to problems with its flue dust handling, such as the formation of accretions, which can lead to downtime and equipment failures. Due to the limited accessibility and the harsh conditions of the WHB, experimental studies are challenging. Therefore, CFD simulations can be a promising option to increase knowledge and evaluate a range of options. The present study investigates the physical behavior of flue dust in an industrial-scale WHBviaa three-dimensional CFD model. Size-dependent particle sedimentation and the risk areas for flue dust accretions are predicted, finding good agreement with industrial experience and data from the literature. To make the evaluation of accretion risk zones possible, a new sticking function for flue dust is developed. The results are validated against dust samples. Finally, operational recommendations for minimizing flue dust accretions are derived.
The integration of environmental objectives in the common agricultural policy—partisan politics in the European Parliament
Authors: Vogeler Colette S.
Published: December 2021

This study examines the policy preferences of political groups in the 8th European Parliament regarding the design of agricultural policy and the integration of environmental goals therein. Due to the high degree of Europeanization of the Common Agricultural Policy, the analysis of party positions at the EU level is particularly interesting. To what extent are the positions of political groups changing against the background of the increasing public awareness for environmental and animal welfare issues in agricultural policy? By means of a discourse network analysis of the plenary debates on selected policy proposals during the 8th term of the European Parliament, the positions of the political groups in agricultural policymaking are explored. The comparative analysis clearly reveals differences in problem perceptions and preferred policy solutions between the different political groups. Substantive differences are apparent between the EPP on the one side and the Greens/EFA and the GUE/NGL on the other side. EPP members still mostly represent traditional agricultural goals such as food security and income support for farmers, whereas the Greens/EFA and the GUE/NGL deputies promote a change towards a more environmentally and animal welfare friendly agricultural policy. At the same time, the analysis reveals a broad consensus across political groups regarding the general need to increasingly integrate sustainability concerns in the design of the future Common Agricultural Policy.
Does Weather Still Affect The Stock Market?
Authors: Muhlack Nils , Soost Christian , Henrich Christian Johannes
Published: December 2021

This paper examines the impact of weather phenomena on the German stock market, evaluating cloud cover, humidity, air pressure, precipitation, temperature, and wind speed as weather variables. We use stock market data (returns, trading volume, and volatility) from the DAX, MDAX, SDAX, and TecDAX for the period from 2003 to 2017 and show, with modern time-series (GARCH) models that air pressure is the only weather variable that exerts a potentially consistent effect on the stock market. Air pressure reduces the trading volume on the SDAX and TecDAX, and changes in air pressure lead to increases in returns on the DAX, MDAX and SDAX. The effects of the other weather variables show no clear pattern and are critically discussed. In addition, this article contains an overview of the historical research results on the effects of weather on stock markets.
Quantitative evaluation of the relationship between physical parameters and building demolition or adaptation outcomes
Authors: McFarland Delaney , Ross Brandon , Naser M. Z. , Blok Rijk , Teuffel Patrick
Published: December 2021

Building adaptation and re-use can contribute to a circular and sustainable built environment, as existing buildings are adapted and the need for new construction materials is reduced. The “adaptability” of buildings has been widely studied; however, few of these studies are quantitative. This paper uses Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) and Logistic Regression (LR) models to explore relationships between the physical features of buildings and their demolition or adaptation outcomes. Source data were taken from 59 buildings that were either demolished or adapted in the Netherlands. After the models were created and validated, a series of sensitivity studies were conducted to evaluate relationships between physical parameters and building outcomes. The physical parameter with the strongest relationship to adaptation outcomes was demountability (ease of removal) of building service elements. The quantitative results were then compared to results from an adjacent qualitative study. The relationships observed from the quantitative sensitivity studies align well with the qualitative observations.
Labour Exploitation in Human Trafficking Law
Authors: Weatherburn Amy
Published: December 2021

The 2000 Protocol to Prevent, Suppress and Punish Trafficking in Persons Especially Women and Children, supplementing the United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime provides the first internationally agreed definition of the human trafficking. However, in failings to clarify the exact scope and meaning of exploitation, it has created an ambiguity as to what constitutes exploitation of labour in criminal law.
The international definition's preference for an enumerative approach has been replicated in most regional and domestic legal instruments, making it difficult to draw the line between exploitation in terms of violations of labour rights and extreme forms of exploitation such as those listed in the Protocol.

This book addresses this legal gap by seeking to conceptualise labour exploitation in criminal law.
Common names decreased in Japan: Further evidence of an increase in individualism
Authors: Ogihara Yuji
Published: December 2021

Previous research has demonstrated that unique names increased in Japan, which shows a rise in uniqueness-seeking and individualism. To increase the validity of the prior findings, it is important to confirm the robustness of their results. Therefore, this study examined another indicator of historical changes in names in Japan. Specifically, I investigated whether the rates of common names decreased in Japan between 2004 and 2018. The dataset used in the previous study was analyzed. The results consistently showed that the rates of common names decreased for both boys and girls for the period. These results were consistent with the previous research, which further increases the validity of the finding that Japanese culture became more individualistic.
Fabrication of micrometre-sized periodic gratings in free-standing metallic foils for laser–plasma experiments
Authors: Gheorghiu C. C. , Cerchez M. , Aktan E. , Prasad R. , Yilmaz F. , Yilmaz N. , Popa D. , Willi O. , Leca V.
Published: December 2021

Engineered targets are expected to play a key role in future high-power laser experiments calling for joined, extensive knowledge in materials properties, engineering techniques and plasma physics. In this work, we propose a novel patterning procedure of self-supported 10 μm thick Au and Cu foils for obtaining micrometre-sized periodic gratings as targets for high-power laser applications. Accessible techniques were considered, by using cold rolling, electron-beam lithography and the Ar-ion milling process. The developed patterning procedure allows efficient control of the grating and foil surface on large area. Targets consisting of patterned regions of 450 μm × 450 μm, with 2 μm periodic gratings, were prepared on 25 mm × 25 mm Au and Cu free-standing foils, and preliminary investigations of the micro-targets interacting with an ultrashort, relativistic laser pulse were performed. These test experiments demonstrated that, in certain conditions, the micro-gratings show enhanced laser energy absorption and higher efficiency in accelerating charge particle beams compared with planar thin foils of similar thickness.
Microstructure evolution of young sea ice from a Svalbard fjord using micro-CT analysis
Authors: Salomon Martina Lan , Maus Sönke , Petrich Chris
Published: December 2021

We analysed the three-dimensional microstructure of sea ice by means of X-ray-micro computed tomography. Microscopic (brine- and air- pore sizes, numbers and connectivity) and macroscopic (salinity, density, porosity) properties of young Arctic sea ice were analysed. The analysis is based on ice cores obtained during spring 2016. Centrifuging of brine prior to CT imaging has allowed us to derive confident relationships between the open, vertically connected and total porosity of young sea ice at relatively high temperatures. We analysed the dependence of the microscopic properties on vertical position and total brine porosity. Most bulk properties (salinity, density) and pore space properties (pore sizes and their distribution) show a strong dependence on total brine porosity, but did not change significantly over the course of the field work. However, significant changes were observed for pore numbers (decreasing over time) and pore connectivity (increasing over time). CT-based salinity determinations are subject to larger than standard uncertainties (from conductivity), while the CT method yields important information about the salinity contributions from closed and open pores. We also performed a comparison of CT-based air porosity with calculations based on density from hydrostatic weighing. The consistency is encouraging and gives confidence to our CT-based results.
Trajectories of Resistance and Shifting Forms of Workers’ Activism in Iran
Authors: Morgana M. Stella
Published: December 2021

This article navigates ruptures and transformations in the processes of resistance performed by Iranian workers between two key events of the history of contemporary Iran: the 1979 Revolution and the 2009 Green Movement. It explores how labor activism emerged in the Islamic Republic, and illustrates how it managed to survive. Drawing from the concepts of resistance, collective awareness and counter-conduct as its theoretical basis – between Antonio Gramsci and Michel Foucault – the article details the changing strategies that workers adopted over time and space to cope with the absence of trade unions, monitoring activities, and repression in the workplace. It demonstrates that workers' agency was never fully blocked by the Islamic Republic. However, it tests the limits imposed by the social context to discourage activism, beyond state coercive measures and policies.