bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Laws of Ecology and Their Promise of Explanations
Authors: Pâslaru Viorel
Published: January 2022

A number of ecologists have put forward various proposals that ecology has laws, yet they have not explicated what role laws play in ecological explanations. Marcel Weber (1999), Lev Ginzburg and Mark Colyvan (2004) correct this deficiency and also make their case for laws of ecology: the principle of competitive exclusion and Malthus’s law of exponential growth respectively. According to Weber, the principle of competitive exclusion explains phenomena (1) by direct application, or (2) by describing a default state from which observed phenomena deviate and mechanisms are called to account for the discrepancy. Independently of Weber, Ginzburg and Colyvan articulate a role similar to (2) for Malthus’s law. I argue that Weber’s proposition of explanation by direct application is not consistent with Gause’s account of “bottle experiments” that he uses to support it and does not do justice to ecologists’ explanatory practice. To address these problems, I articulate an alternative account of explanation by direct application—the covering-law model—based on a proposal by Elgin and Sober (2002) and show that even in this proposal mechanisms play a key explanatory role. I also demonstrate how the covering-law model accounts for how Malthus’s law can explain by direct application and for its role of descriptor of a default state. Finally, I argue that the views on laws as components in covering-law model explanations or as descriptors of default states do not give sufficient attention to the prominent explanatory role of mechanisms and to the demanding task of identifying and describing them, and ought to be corrected.
Positionnements énonciatifs évolutifs : le cas des réajustements discursifs
Authors: Pennec Blandine
Published: January 2022

L’article propose tout d’abord des considérations terminologiques relatives aux notions de position et positionnement énonciatifs, pour examiner ensuite une manifestation des phénomènes de positionnements, sous l’angle des procédés de réajustements discursifs. En effet, ces derniers permettent à l’énonciateur, soit d’affirmer sa position initiale en redisant son engagement par rapport à un premier contenu discursif, soit de s’en désengager partiellement en le modulant, soit encore de s’en désengager totalement et de se repositionner de façon différente. Des cas de co-positionnement sont également examinés, lorsque le co-énonciateur est invité à prendre part à la construction énonciative, ou s’invite lui-même à le faire, afin de contribuer au positionnement adopté. Les procédés correspondants, passant par le truchement de reformulations, de confirmations, mais aussi de phénomènes de surenchère, de minoration, de distanciation, sont examinés sur la base d’exemples authentiques issus de différents corpus d’anglais contemporain.
Is Creaky Voice a Valley Girl Feature? Stancetaking & Evolution of a Linguistic Stereotype
Authors: Habasque Pierre
Published: January 2022

Le stéréotype « Valley Girl » a été popularisé en 1982 par le titre éponyme de Frank & Moon Zappa, qui a contribué à l’association de nombreux marqueurs linguistiques à une persona de jeune adolescente blanche futile et privilégiée. Cette association idéologique a cimenté un certain nombre de positionnements énonciatifs : le fait qu’un locuteur emploie certains marqueurs du « Valspeak, » le dialecte prétendument parlé par les Valley Girls, peut influer sur la perception d’un observateur extérieur à son égard. Ce stéréotype linguistique a cependant évolué, et de nouveaux marqueurs qui n’étaient pas à l’origine associés au Valspeak ont fini par être perçus comme appartenant à ce dialecte. Le but de cet article est d’interroger la mesure dans laquelle la voix craquée est désormais associée aux Valley Girls. Si la naissance de ce stéréotype a permis l’association entre certains marqueurs linguistiques et cette persona, il s’agit de montrer que l’intégration de la voix craquée à ce dialecte est la preuve d’une évolution de ce stéréotype. Afin de tester cette hypothèse, une étude de perception du dialecte Valspeak a été menée en mars/avril 2019 sur le campus de California State University, Northridge. 123 étudiants ont participé à une étude quantitative et 70 autres à des entretiens qualitatifs. Les résultats montrent que les participants associent bien la voix craquée à la persona Valley Girl. Cette qualité de voix peut indexer des caractéristiques Valley Girl négatives, comme la superficialité ou la stupidité, mais d’autres étudiants l’associent à des caractéristiques qui ne sont pas ouvertement socialement stigmatisées, comme le fait d’être économiquement privilégié(e).
Édito
Authors: Reseida Groupe « Classe inversée » du
Published: January 2022

Ce dossier interroge le dispositif dit de classe inversée, dont se réclament un nombre croissant d’enseignants. Dans ses formes les plus connues ou reconnues, la classe inversée consiste en une interpolation de la répartition traditionnelle du travail scolaire entre la classe et le hors la classe. Dans les faits, les enseignants qui disent pratiquer cette innovation la mettent en œuvre de façon très diverse. Cette variété n’est pas considérée par les auteurs des différents articles comme une entrave mais comme une opportunité pour la recherche. C’est pourquoi ils ont fait le choix de partir non d’une définition a priori de cette innovation polymorphe, mais de ce que les enseignants en disent, ceci dans des disciplines et des contextes différents. Il s’agit de comprendre quels sont les différents éléments de la forme scolaire classique que les enseignants choisissent de bousculer, pourquoi et comment ils le font. Et d’en analyser, d’une part, les effets en retour pour les élèves au prisme de leurs apprentissages et des étayages qui les rendent possibles, d’autre part, les effets en retour pour les enseignants eux-mêmes, au prisme de leur développement professionnel.
Un enseignement littéraire en classe inversée : les dessous d’un contrat
Authors: Claude Marie-Sylvie , Rayou Patrick
Published: January 2022

Cet article étudie un dispositif de classe inversée en français en collège, dans le cadre d’un travail sur la lecture de textes poétiques. Une séance a été filmée, les productions des élèves et les supports de travail collectés, les interactions entre les élèves, qui travaillent en groupes, enregistrés et transcrits, puis des entretiens semi-directifs d’autoconfrontation aux traces de leur activité menés avec l’enseignante et les élèves. L’analyse de ce corpus est cadrée par des appuis théoriques empruntés à la sociologie de la profession enseignante, à l’analyse de l’activité et à la didactique, notamment la didactique de la littérature. Elle met en évidence qu’être professionnellement et pédagogiquement innovant ne suffit pas toujours à assurer l’apprentissage de savoirs disciplinaires exigeants par l’ensemble des élèves. Inverser la classe semble en effet engager l’enseignante dans trois contrats susceptibles de s’empêcher l’un l’autre : le premier, que l'on peut qualifier de « social » la relie simultanément à l’institution scolaire, dont elle veut suivre au mieux les prescriptions, et à un collectif de professionnels innovants, auquel elle veut adhérer. Le second, d'essence plus pédagogique, la conduit à former des élèves plus autonomes et capables de travailler en équipe. Le troisième, didactique, doit permettre aux élèves de s’approprier les textes littéraires en en faisant une lecture interprétative
Inverser la classe : quelles expériences ? Analyse de l’activité des élèves
Authors: Borer Valérie Lussi , Muller Alain , Rubi Stéphanie
Published: January 2022

Cette contribution s’inscrit dans le cadre d’une recherche collective pluridisciplinaire s’intéressant aux transformations de l’activité des enseignants et des élèves de niveau collège en contexte de « classe inversée ». À partir d’entretiens semi-directifs et d’autoconfrontation menés avec des enseignants inverseurs et leurs élèves, les données d’entretiens des élèves ont été analysées à l’aide des registres d’apprentissage proposés par Elisabeth Bautier et Patrick Rayou croisés avec la sémiotique de Charles Sanders Peirce. Les premiers résultats font état de différences entre les registres que les élèves mobilisent selon la nature de l’entretien, ainsi que dans l’articulation des registres. La comparaison entre les données obtenues par des entretiens semi-directifs et d’autoconfrontation ouvre des pistes méthodologiques prometteuses qui permettent de faire exprimer l’activité des élèves de manière plus riche et aux chercheurs de mieux appréhender leur expérience.
Islamic Ethics and Crisis Management
Authors: Abbasi Abdus Sattar , Raj Razaq
Published: January 2022

The Islamic ethical system is unique and respects the rights of individuals. The Islamic codes and principals are based on the attitudes, morals, virtues, and obligations of the individual and whole civilisation. In multinational companies (MNC), ethical codes and principals are undermined in terms of human feeling, values, and beliefs. The Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) stated that the aim of his mission is to enhance good morals and values among my ummah and individual people. The chapter examines and evaluates the fundamental belief that the Islamic ethical system is there to serve and develop good morality and avoid indecency and immoral conducts within business dealings.
Innovative Business Models in Digital Firms
Authors: Accordino Patrizia , Abbate Tindara , Rupo Daniela , Coppolino Raffaella , La Rocca Elvira Tiziana
Published: January 2022

The 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) of the United Nations 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development intends to improve efforts of governments, societies, and companies to deal with major social and environmental problems affecting contemporary societies. From a business perspective, companies can find a propulsive boost of innovation looking at different models of production and use of services/products. This new perspective is radically changing the ways companies and consumers interact, and the role of companies in supporting the achievement of SDGs through service innovation is becoming pervasive. In addition, the emerging digital economy represents a great opportunity opening up to sustainability-oriented service innovation and firms are developing their competitive advantage based on the introduction of new digital business models. This chapter explores this issue through an explorative case study based on the MyTaxi business model. Implications for managers and researchers and opportunities for future research are highlighted.
Profiling Small and Medium Enterprises' Innovativeness During Periods of Economic Crisis
Authors: Antoniadis Ioannis , Samara Elpida Tryfon , Karamitsou Thomai
Published: January 2022

The role of innovation as a vital driving force of entrepreneurship and economic development has been widely acknowledged. Especially in an era of economic turbulence, innovation can be seen as the only realistic strategy that can lead enterprises out of the crisis. Based on the innovation taxonomies identified in the Oslo Manual, namely organizational, marketing, process, and product innovation, a survey was carried out in a Greek region adapting the fourth Community Innovation Survey questionnaire in 43 SMEs, capturing the effects of economic recession on the firms' innovativeness, and drawing a profile of the entrepreneurship innovation in the region of Western Macedonia, Greece. By applying a strategic group's approach, the authors come up with some interesting findings concerning the type of SME innovativeness and results of innovation during a period of financial crisis.
Analyzing the Impact of Green Marketing Strategies on the Financial and Non-Financial Performance of Organizations
Authors: Popescu Cristina Raluca G.
Published: January 2022

Green marketing strategies have the immense power of motivating both consumers and producers to get involved in saving the planet and, at the same time, to benefit from the potential of eco-friendly products while satisfying their needs. On one hand, this chapter reviews the theory on green marketing strategies, and on the other hand, it focuses on the manner in which organizations can obtain financial and non-financial performance with the aid of green marketing strategies mix. This study reports that intellectual capital factor plays a key role in discovering the optimum green marketing strategies mix, also placing natural capital among the notable capital factors that empower organizations' activities and strengthen their visibility on the marketplace. The quantitative and qualitative indicators that have been analyzed highlight the main economic, social, and environmental effects of business practices in Romania. The findings provide some interesting clues regarding the impact of intellectual capital and green marketing strategies on organizational performance.
Human Capital Development Strategy for a Sustainable Economy
Authors: Atiku Sulaiman Olusegun , Lawal Ibrahim Olanrewaju
Published: January 2022

The current production and consumption systems have created many social and environmental issues in the global business environment. These issues are of concern for many policymakers across the globe. The essence of the policy framework on sustainability is to transform the global economy into a more sustainable economy. Human capital development is central to economic transformation. This chapter examines the human capital development strategy for a more sustainable economy. A desktop research approach was adopted to investigate the relationship between human capital development strategy and sustainable economic development. For an effective transition into a sustainable economy, this chapter upholds an alignment of human and organisational development strategy, as well as a national development plan with the economic, social, and environmental pillars of sustainability. Therefore, human capital development strategy is a holistic approach to explore the four greens (green savings, green opportunities, green talent, and green places) for a more sustainable economy.
Robustness in the Business Models of the Organizations Embedded in the Circular Economy
Authors: Jabłoński Adam
Published: January 2022

The dynamics of ongoing market changes require a new look at business management mechanisms. Often the key element of the organization's operation is to ensure business continuity, which is not easy. This requires strong embeddedness in the decision-making processes resulting from the properly built business model of the organization. A business model becomes a crucial determinant of the organizational success today. The aim of the chapter is to present the place and role of robustness in shaping the business models of organizations embedded in the circular economy. The scope of the chapter includes studies of listed companies that implement the principles of responsible business to ensure their robustness in the short and long term. In the chapter, the author poses a research question: Can the skillful use of the concept of business model robustness in circular economy companies guarantee the organization's ability to ensure business continuity and its high performance?
A Sustainable Business Model in the Functioning of Enterprises as the Base for Creating Circular Economy
Authors: Lorek Elżbieta , Lorek Agnieszka
Published: January 2022

Circular economy was the subject of interest for many researchers and is currently an inherent part of the sustainable growth concept. Shifting the economy to circular will require transformations in the field of competence, development, innovations, and organizational governance, as well as public awareness. Circular economy creates opportunities for achieving benefits in the economy (the efficiency of production processes, innovations, power safety) as well as in the social and environmental fields (shaping ecological safety). In the chapter, the authors describe such issues as theoretical foundations of the circular economy concept; European guidelines in the field of circular economy; problems and benefits associated with the implementation of circular economy, in light of compliance with sustainable development principles; business solution models together with the prospects for further sustainable development of a company, based on assumptions and models of circular economy.
Strategic Decision Making
Authors: Kamal Anju
Published: January 2022

Digital technologies are changing the nature of work. Through a case, this study demonstrates the adoption of new forms of work in an organization. The HR department of the information technology firm XYZ often finds it a challenge to place resources with the right technical skill set in their projects within the timeframe specified by the clients. The fact that most skilled workers would retire in the next 10 years posed a different issue. The production of error free monthly reports of resource allocations was another challenge. Drawing from ecology theory, this study expands existing theories of strategic decision making in the context of innovation adoption. The study contends that the innovation of platform sourcing by creating a sustained competitive advantage can solve the challenges. The study adopts the lens of work design to understand the effect of technology on individual outcomes and support the implementation of the innovation.
Integrating Sustainability Into IT/IS Project Evaluation Methods
Authors: Silvius Gilbert
Published: January 2022

Sustainability is one of the most important challenges of our time. How can we develop prosperity without compromising the lives of future generations? Information technology (IT) and information systems (IS) provide organizations with the ability to change and improve business processes to better support sustainable practices. IT/IS evaluation methods should therefore reflect this ability and include criteria for the assessment of sustainability aspects of IT/IS projects. However, IT/IS evaluation methods are still dominated by the economical perspective that resulted from the infamous IT productivity paradox. This chapter aims to broaden the perspective on IT/IS evaluation by exploring the integration of indicators that reflect the concepts of sustainability into IT/IS evaluation methods. The analysis will conclude that integrating sustainability considerations in IT/IS evaluation requires far more than a set of additional criteria to be considered.
The Role of Trade Policy in Sustainable Tourism Inclusivity in Africa
Authors: Njoroge Msafiri
Published: January 2022

When local communities are allowed to participate fully in tourism trade activities either through supplying goods and services or direct employment in the tourism sector-inclusiveness of tourism, trade can be realized in a practical sense. Research indicates that, in most tourist destinations in Africa, the tourism trade continues to be characterized by environmental and social-cultural degradation and inadequate local community participation associated with revenue leakages and weak economic linkages. The mechanism on how tourism trade contributes inclusively on local communities' benefits such as inclusive growth and poverty alleviation remains unclear. Despite destination economies engaging in services liberalization, little evidence exists on how such trade policies have been beneficial at enhancing inclusive benefits of the tourism trade. Therefore, this chapter aims to clarify how trade policies can be employed to promote the inclusiveness of the tourism trade.
Exploring the Role of Instagram in Tourism Destination Preferences
Authors: Eken Burçak , Okan Elif Yolbulan , Bakioğlu Irmak
Published: January 2022

The purpose of this study is to reveal the correlation between the usage of Instagram as a social media platform and destination preferences of tourism customers from the perspective of information, utilisation, influence, buying, and intention stages that underline particularly consumer behaviour in tourism marketing. This study was conducted in Turkey and aims to shed light on the critical importance of utilising from social media in marketing management of the travel and tourism sector. Quantitative data analysis was preferred and used in this study in order to examine the factors of Instagram that have effects on tourism destination preferences. In addition to the quantitative study conducted, The Eastern Express Journey (Karsrail) case is included in the current study to gain a deeper understanding of the importance and place of social media for tourism.
Creating Shared Value and Social Innovation
Authors: Kuschel Katherina , Méndez Pinzón Manuel
Published: January 2022

This multiple case study of nine entrepreneurial ventures with social emphasis operating in Colombia, Peru, and Chile identifies vital elements that make these firms impactful in three dimensions: economic, environmental, and social. The results found that the founder's proximity to the social/ecological problem is a trigger to start up a business. The “purpose” is a motivational factor to both start up a business and keep the business during hard times, such as the COVID-19 pandemic. The purpose is the fuel, but it does not guarantee the success of the company. The value proposition is the critical factor for success. These companies are continually re-inventing and changing their value proposition while keeping the purpose of the organization as a keystone. The authors shed light on a model for social entrepreneurship in South America.
Innovating Luxury Service Experiences Through E-Servicescapes
Authors: Colm Laura Ingrid Maria , Prestini Stefano
Published: January 2022

The digital customer experience is a top priority and major challenge for luxury service companies, who have to connect with their target customers yet strive to remain exclusive and to innovate their core offers while preserving their heritage. After a brief review of the literature on customer experience and virtual environments in luxury service contexts, this chapter focuses on e-servicescapes as a means for innovation and improvement in delivering omnichannel experiences for luxury customers. Adopting Bitner's typology of servicescapes, this chapter is based on a three case vignettes analysis that highlights how luxury service providers can use e-servicescapes to enrich their physical service experiences. Three e-servicescape strategies are identified—integration, amplification, and substitution—that ultimately support companies in renewing and improving their overall luxury propositions.
Understanding Individuals' Behavior Under Uncertainty
Authors: Duțu Amalia
Published: January 2022

An economic crisis is an uncertain situation with negative economic evolutions like unemployment, inflation rate increase, freezing or decreasing of the wages, purchasing power decrease, etc. All of these represent economic shocks. The individual well-being is determined by many things like level, secure income, job stability, health, social relationships, and economic household security. In order to understand How and Why people behave in certain patterns in such an uncertain situation, a comprehensive analysis of situational consequences should be considered. All of these dimensions of analysis are correlated in some way and explain the consumers' behavior alteration during turbulent times. History's crises showed surviving companies were those characterized by high-speed reaction, strategic flexibility and a very good understanding of market mood. Thus, this chapter explains the consumer's behavior change in recession conditions and the panic mechanism that shapes people reactions in such conditions.
Sustaining SMEs Through Supply Chain Innovation in the COVID-19 Era
Authors: Ramakrishna Yanamandra
Published: January 2022

The COVID-19 pandemic has negatively affected the small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in a significant manner. It has thrown some SMEs into a financial crunch, forced them to reduce/remove their workforce, hampered production due to prolonged lockdowns, halted their logistics and supply chain activities, and delayed their delivery schedules enormously. The revival of the SME sector is very important for the survival of the economy. One of the most important aspects of this revival strategy would be to innovate their existing supply chains for more visibility, transparency, and robustness through the adoption of affordable digital technologies. In spite of advanced studies in SC innovation, the in-depth studies related to this area of SMEs towards sustainability are still very scanty and inadequate. Therefore, this chapter proposes to develop a framework of SC Innovation for the sustainability of SMEs through a systematic literature review. This framework will be very useful to the owners and employees of SMEs and various researchers.
The Belt and Road Strategy in International Business and Administration
Authors: Chen Jianyu , Liu Wei
Published: January 2022

Along with the acceleration of “One Belt and One Road” CSR progress, more Chinese companies possess adequate CSR performance capacity and conditions. In this chapter, first, the basic concept of CSR has been briefly introduced and the overviews are mainly stated including the concept, development, and current situation under the Chinese backdrop. Second, the current development of CSR, risk of the CSR, and CSR strategies of Chinese enterprises under the backdrop of Belt and Road Initiative will be introduced. Third, the responsibility of CSR of state-owned enterprises under the backdrop of Belt and Road Initiatives will be mentioned with main reference of the social responsibility reports of state-owned enterprises as well as news reports. Fourth, classic case (China Communications Construction) will be used to analyze the CSR of Chinese enterprises under the backdrop of Belt and Road Initiatives.
Challenges to Necessity-Driven Nascent Entrepreneurship
Authors: Dzingirai Mufaro
Published: January 2022

Necessity-driven nascent entrepreneurship, which often associated with new firm creation and innovation, has emerged as a topical issue in entrepreneurship scholarship across the globe in recent times especially in developing countries. While the increase in necessity-driven nascent entrepreneurs appears to be widely regarded as a powerful tool for the reduction or elimination of unemployment and poverty worldwide, insufficient attention has been given to the challenges faced by necessity-driven nascent entrepreneurs. With this literature gap in mind, this chapter aims at providing a comprehensive understanding of challenges faced by necessity-driven nascent entrepreneurs. The research establishes six challenges, namely, personal or family problems, lack of entrepreneurial self-confidence, lack of information, lack of entrepreneurial mentorship, legal and regulatory issues, and lack of adequate personal funds. The recommendations to deal with these challenges are proffered and the suggestions for further study are captured.
Business Continuity Management in Data Center Environments
Authors: Miller Holmes E. , Engemann Kurt J.
Published: January 2022

In this article, the authors discuss how business continuity methodologies can be used by data centers to respond to natural disasters, man-made disasters, and accidents. Because organizations depend on computing services, which may become unavailable when disasters strike, prudent risk management processes can provide for continuation and recovery of operations. With a focus on data centers, this article discusses the business continuity plan development process. This article also considers elements of a business continuity management plan, which includes strategy development, preparedness, mitigation, exercises, and response and recovery, and discuss business continuity strategies for colocation and cloud-based data center architectures. Finally, the authors discuss how the ordered weighted average (OWA) methodology can be used to incorporate a decision makers risk profile when confronted with decisions related to the processes discussed.
Sustainable Business Practices and Their Influence on Manager Decisions
Authors: Turkeș Mirela-Cătălina , Topor Dan Ioan , Căpușneanu Sorinel , Constantin Dana Maria (Oprea)
Published: January 2022

This chapter highlights the results of a transversal study on the influences of managers' decisions on sustainable business models. The objectives of this chapter are presentation of business models and sustainable business models and a study on the influences of managers' decisions on the use of sustainable business models. Based on the internal and international literature, the authors present the concepts of business models and sustainable business models as well as their typology. The types of sustainable business models are presented. The case study is focused on presenting the influences of managerial decisions on the sustainable business models of SMEs. Thus, through the authors' contribution, a new theoretical and empirical framework is created, which facilitates the identification of new ideas, themes, and debates of other aspects encountered in business and sustainable business models.
Assessing Sustainable Tourism and Crisis Situations
Authors: Batabyal Debasish
Published: January 2022

Sikkim is the 22nd state situated in the Himalayas. It is a small, but beautiful state with endless potentialities for tourism. Tourism is estimated to contribute to around eight per cent of the state gross domestic product (GDP) in Sikkim and its importance has been increasing day by day. This beautiful alpine Himalayan state has a very relevant performance in exploring the quality of public life. At the same time, this distinctive bio-geographic region is fragile and prone to earthquake and other ecological problems arising from out of climate change and increasing industrialization. This chapter is an attempt to analyze the positive and negative socio-economic conditions on the backdrop of disaster management perspective in the state. Based on review of literature on crisis situations and possible disastrous effects exhibiting from out of tourism activities in similar destinations, socio-economic issues have been dealt with through investigation of secondary data and opinion survey.
Differentiated Instruction
Authors: Epler Pam
Published: January 2022

This chapter introduces the reader to the instructional strategy of differentiated instruction within the institute of higher education classrooms. It educates college professors on the advantages and disadvantages of using differentiated instruction in their courses and provides examples of how to use it. This chapter also informs preservice teachers in undergraduate or graduate teaching methods (general and special education) courses about how differentiated instruction can be used in K–12 general education classrooms to educate all students in all content areas. Although differentiated instruction has been used in various capacities in classrooms for a long time, the chapter offers suggestions on what needs to be further researched on the topic so that all K–16 teachers use it on a more consistent basis.
Classroom Management for Special Education Providers
Authors: Harlacher Jason , Marx Teri
Published: January 2022

Classroom management is a key component of instruction and learning for students with disabilities. The authors outline six practices to assist readers with creating effective classroom management that include (1) fostering trusting relationships, (2) identifying and teaching classroom expectations, (3) ensuring predictability and structure, (4) providing ongoing feedback to students, (5) managing unwanted behavior, and (6) engaging learners. Also discussed are use of data to ensure practices are effective and intensifying those practices.
Meeting the Needs of Students With Learning Disabilities in Reading
Authors: Jones Jeannetta Stephens
Published: January 2022

There are many students within our school systems who have a learning disability in reading. Some have been identified, and unfortunately, some have not been identified. Those that have been identified may continue to have problems because teachers are not sure how to meets their needs. This chapter addresses what teachers need to know in order to meet the needs of our most precious resources by offering some suggestions that can be used in the classroom to ameliorate reading deficits, especially first year teachers.
Assistive Technology Utilization
Authors: Lee Hwa , Wherfel Quentin M.
Published: January 2022

With the passage of federal laws, equal access to technology for all students has gained increased attention in the field of education. Although considering a continuum of assistive technology (AT) products and services for students with disabilities is a mandated practice, educators and related service professionals are faced with challenges of providing effective AT services due to lack of clear legal and practical guidelines and lack of training for the teachers to identify, obtain, and utilize ever-advancing AT. This chapter provides an overview of current AT utilization at schools and related service agencies. AT effectiveness, universal design for learning (UDL), service delivery models, recent trends in AT technologies, challenges in providing AT services for students with disabilities, and implications for preservice and in-service teachers are discussed.
Assistive Technology and Electronic Education in the Disability and Special Education Sector
Authors: Das Rajoshi , Majumdar Anindita
Published: January 2022

During COVID times, assistive technology (AT) and electronic mode of education (e-education) have become quite invincible. However, even before COVID, researches on AT and e-education were conducted, especially to understand its benefits in the special education realm. Many such earlier works have observed utility of AT and e-education for disabled/differently abled persons. In many parts of the world, for example in India, it is still a relatively new concept. Even in those parts where already the research works were going on, now in this pandemic, the concept has been started to be viewed in a different light. With the understanding that AT and e-education could become the call of the future, it is crucial to evaluate their place in the present time special education sector. The chapter, hence, discusses this notion and evaluates the AT-based training need for the special educators, with special reference to India.
The Use of Chitosan as a Coating to Improve the Quality of Oyster Mushroom Vacuum Frying Tubes with Electrodeposition Process
Authors: Djunaidi Irfan Hadji , Azizah Siti , Setyarini Putu Hadi , Hanafi Imam , Choliq Fery Abdul , Irsyammawati Artharini , Putritamara Jaisy Aghniarrahim , Rachmawati Achadiah
Published: January 2022

Stainless steel 304 is one of the most widely used authentic stainless steel due to its high corrosion resistance. The use of cooking utensils can cause internal corrosion, where the inside of metal cookware and in direct contact with cooking ingredients will corrode and mix with food, so an organic coating is needed to increase its corrosion resistance. This study used chitosan as an organic coating with variations in chitosan concentration of 0.5; 0.4; 0.3; 0.2; and 0.1 wt%, the coating method used was electrodeposition, the voltage and coating time was kept constant at 10 volts and 10 minutes. After coating, the coated specimens will be tested for layer density, layer thickness, corrosion rate using a potentiodynamic polarization test. The results in this study obtained that the highest thickness and the lowest corrosion rate were on specimens with a variation of chitosan concentration of 0.5 wt% with a coating thickness and corrosion rate of 85.56 ± 4.67 m and a corrosion rate of 0.14403 mm/year, while the highest layer density was in specimens with a variation of chitosan concentration of 0.3 wt% with a layer density of 0.000360181gram/mm3. This is due to the viscosity of the electrolyte solution when coating, which affects the movement of electric current in the electrodeposition process.
Effect of Heating Time on Woven Bamboo Fiber Composites to Bending Strength
Authors: Prihatin Joko Yunianto , Widodo Lujeng , Pambudi Slamet , Kustanto Heri
Published: January 2022

The research objective is to determine the maximum bending strength of woven bamboo composite materials. This material is used as a raw material for furniture. The method applied is the formation of a composition of woven bamboo with resin as an adhesive. The merging process was held at a temperature of 105°C at a time variation of 30, 45 and 60 minutes. Furthermore, bending testing is carried out and an analysis of the calculation of the Modulus of Rupture (MOR) value is carried out which is also displayed in graphic form. Based on the results of the bending test, the maximum bending strength obtained from the composite of woven bamboo and rice husk is 304.66 N. While the maximum MOR value that can be achieved is 60.05 N/mm3. The optimal bending strength was required a heating holding time of 60 minutes.
The Effect of Vacuum Pressure during Autoclave Curing on Tensile Strength of Epoxy Composite Reinforced Natural Fiber of Cordyline australis with Sea Water Surface Treatment
Authors: Purwadnyana Ida Bagus Putu , Nindhia Tjokorda Gde Tirta , Surata I Wayan , Adnyana I Wayan Bandem , Yahya Mohd Yazid , Jayamani Elammaran
Published: January 2022

In this work the composite made from epoxy resin as a matrix and natural fiber of Cordylineaustralis was used as reinforcement. The fiber was prepared from the process of water retting in fresh water for 1 weeks followed by drying. The final process was soaked in sea water to understand the effect of soaked in sea water to the adhesion of the fiber and matrix. The fiber was immersed in 5 hour and also 7 hours in sea water to be compared with the fiber that is was not immersed in sea water. The curing process also consist of 2 variation processes namely hand layup and vacuum pressure. The tensile test is conducted to investigate the final product of composite. It is found that the vacuum process resulting better tensile strength (34.610 MPa) in the sample of epoxy without fiber reinforcement (19.818 MPa for hand layup). In general for composite that are made with fiber without immersion in sea water, the tensile strength for the hand layup increase with addition of fiber fraction. In the other hand the tensile strength is decrease with addition of fiber fraction for vacuum process. For the fiber reinforcement, the hand layup resulting in better reinforcement comparing the vacuum process. .
Impact of competitive capabilities empowered by community-based tourism projects on tourism businesses success in rural tourism destinations
Authors: Sriyani G. T. W.
Published: January 2022

This paper endeavors to reveal the impact of competitive capabilities which were promoted by Community Based Tourism (CBT) empowerment projects on the success of rural tourism businesses and also key competitive capabilities which effect business success. The positivism approach was applied and a 250 sample of micro and small-scale tourism entrepreneurs (MSSTEs) from the rural tourism destinations of Panama and Arugam Bay in Ampara district and Kanneliya, Vihrahena, Mederipitiya, and Godahena in Galle and Matara districts who were empowered by the CBT projects namely, International Labour Organization and Ruhunu Tourism Bureau was selected by using the random number generator with the list of the MSSTEs of the two selected CBT projects. A structured questionnaire was used in collecting data and five hypotheses were formulated and tested to reveal whether any significant impact creates by the competitive capabilities empowered by CBT projects on tourism business success in rural destinations and which competitive capability affects mostly on creating a variance in business success. Results were obtained mainly through correlation and multiple regression analysis. Findings revealed that empowerment efforts of CBT projects affect significantly the business success of MSSTES. Among the five constructs of competitive capabilities, capacity enhancement, community collaboration and cohesiveness, and business know-how and management are the only predictors which affect significantly business success. Facilitating network building and sustainability practices are not good predictors. Though the impact of network building and sustainability practices on business success was reported as insignificant, a positive but weak correlation exists between these variables. This positive relationship implies that success of rural tourism businesses can be further enhanced by promoting these two capabilities and the concentration need to be given by policy planners and practitioners on the inappropriate assistance of the CBT projects for network building and sustainability practices among the MSSTEs in rural tourism destinations.
Questioni emergenti nell'ambito della bioetica
Authors: Sgreccia Elio
Published: January 2022

L'articolo intende soffermarsi sulle radici dalle quali nascono le più attuali questioni nell'ambito della bioetica (p.e. aborto, eutanasia, procreatica, ecc.). Anzitutto si rileva che la bioetica ha ampliato il proprio ambito di influenza estendendosi oltre i confini di una disciplina pur accademicamente qualificata: infatti essa ha interessato i grandi media da una parte e ha creato le proprie istituzioni (p.e. i comitati di etica) dall'altra. Altro fenomeno rilevante è quello della "biogiuridica" sia come sviluppo conseguente alla riflessione bioetica sia in ordine ai problemi etici posti in essere nell'ambito della legge, evidenziando sempre più il complesso rapporto tra valori morali e legge civile nella società pluralista. Di rilievo è anche il problema della fondazione della bioetica stante l'attuale pluralismo etico. L'Autore, perciò, passa in rassegna gli attuali "modelli" etici illustrandone sinteticamente caratteri e limiti, e rinvenendo finalmente la necessità per la bioetica di ritrovare la sua radice nell'antropologia personalista fondata su una verità oggettiva ed universale. L'articolo si conclude sottolineando la necessità di ricostruire dei "ponti" per stabilire il corso di un più compiuto umanesimo: il ponte tra fede e ragione; quello tra libertà e responsabilità; quello tra natura e persona; il ponte tra etica e diritto e, infine, il ponte tra etica dei principi ed etica delle virtù.
Linee antropologiche della Evangelium Vitae
Authors: Melina Livio
Published: January 2022

Il saggio mette in evidenza gli elementi essenziali della visione dell'uomo soggiacente all'Enciclica Evangelium Vitae. Prima che etica, infatti, la sfida relativa al rispetto della vita è una sfida di carattere antropologico: perché la vita umana è un bene? Perché è sempre un bene? Dopo aver indicato i presupposti di quell'antropologia riduttiva che conduce alla manipolabilità totale dell'essere umano, nell'articolo vengono delineati i fondamenti teologici, ma anche puramente razionali, che stanno alla base del riconoscimento del carattere sacro e personale delia vita dell'uomo. La teologia dell'immagine, in una interpretazione nettamente cristologica, mette in luce la singolare dignità della persona umana, quale soggetto chiamato al dialogo con Dio e con gli altri, irriducibile al livello delle cose, che si usano e si distruggono. Le varie dimensioni del bene della vita, organicamente strutturate nella luce dell'antropologia cristiana (vita biologica, spirituale e soprannaturale; vita temporale ed eterna), servono a chiarire il nesso tra rispetto dovuto alla vita fisica e persona, senza confusioni e senza separazioni. A conclusione, l'Autore esamina come il Vangelo della vita illumini le originarie esperienze umane in gioco (la generazione, la sessualità, la nascita, la malattia, la sofferenza, il morire) e quali atteggiamenti fondamentali suggerisca di conseguenza.
L’ISTITUTO DI FARMACOLOGIA DELL’UNIVERSITA’ DI MILANO DAL 1946 AL 1980.
Authors: Clementi Francesco
Published: January 2022

The global pandemic of Covid-19 has caused enormous damage to scientific research by dramatically reducing the functionality of the institutions responsible for it and at the same time polarizing many lines of research toward solving the pandemic problems. This situation has similarities with what happened during the Second World War. In that case, the post-war recovery was intense, also bringing many changes in the methodology and motivations of scientific research. In this paper I analyzed, as a model of post-war rebirth, that of the Institute of Pharmacology of the University of Milan that became from a small laboratory a research and teaching institution based on human and scientific concepts that were innovative at the time. Its birth started in the years 1946-47, was favored by the collaboration between private and public institutions (the De Marchi Foundation, the University of Milan and the Municipality of Milan), was build by the scientists as a high-level, broad-based international study center, and formed the basis of a possible example of a university campus. The methodological and conceptual development of a new pharmacology and its growth in researchers and scientific purposes are outlined. The birth from this Institute of the Mario Negri Research Institute, of the School of Pharmacy of the University of Milan, of the Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology Center of the CNR and of the Lombardy Biomedical Library System is briefly described. The different reactions to a global damage brought to science and research in the post-war and post-pandemic periods are discussed.
The relationship between nasal index and nasal airway resistance, and response to a topical decongestant
Authors: Doddi N.M. , Eccles R.
Published: January 2022

The differences in the shape and size of the nose have been proposed to be an adaptation to climate with broad noses (platyrrhine) evolving in a warm humid environment where there was little need for air conditioning and narrow noses (leptorrhine) evolving in colder climates where the air needed more warming. The main aim of this research was to determine if there was any relationship between the shape of the nose as expressed in terms of nasal height and width (nasal index) and total nasal airway resistance (NAR), as one would predict that the narrower leptorrhine noses would have a greater resistance to air flow than the broader platyrrhine noses. It was also proposed that the narrow leptorrhine nose would have better developed vascular tissue than the broad platyrrhine nose in order to condition cold air, and would exhibit a greater response to nasal decongestion. No correlation was found between nasal index and NAR (r = -0.09) and similarly no correlation was found between nasal index and response to a topical nasal decongestant (r = 0.02). The absence of any physiological differences between the different nose types may be due to acclimatisation of participants to the area of recruitment.