bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Os professores da educação profissional: saberes e práticas
Authors: Gariglio José Ângelo , Burnier Suzana Lana
Published: March 2015

Este artigo relata os resultados de uma pesquisa sobre os saberes da base profissional de professores da Educação Profissional - EP - que lecionam disciplinas das áreas tecnológicas. Objetivou-se analisar os processos constitutivos da prática docente de oito professores da EP e as características de seus saberes pedagógicos, bem como identificar os modelos de ação pedagógica que orientam e estruturam a prática de ensino desses docentes. Os resultados da pesquisa mostram que os saberes pedagógicos desses professores guardam marcas do contexto de ensino situado da EP e de espaços e tempos de formação profissional próprios das áreas tecnológicas e por experiências e aprendizagens não formais e informais.
A cultura profissional dos grupos de pesquisa nos institutos federais: uma comunidade de práticas?
Authors: Fartes Vera Lúcia Bueno
Published: March 2015

Este artigo explora a cultura profissional dos grupos de pesquisa de um importante Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia, localizado na região Nordeste do Brasil, considerando os significados que pesquisadores e demais representantes institucionais dos grupos selecionados atribuem aos saberes, poderes e autonomias em suas interações sociais no processo de produção científica, tecnológica e de inovação e a possível emergência de uma comunidade de práticas na referida instituição. Como resultado, a pesquisa sinalizou para o fato de que, embora haja muitos grupos certificados pelo Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico - CNPq -, são poucos os que desenvolvem, com regularidade, atividades concernentes à prática da pesquisa científica de modo a que se possa configurar uma comunidade reflexiva autônoma, empenhada em pensar sobre si mesma e em suas condições de trabalho e vida acadêmica enquanto pesquisadores e produtores de conhecimento.
Trabalho social e intervenção social na França: o estado do conhecimento
Authors: Rullac Stéphane , Murad Fátima
Published: March 2015

As escolas de trabalho social na França estão, finalmente, desenvolvendo investigação científica nos centros de pesquisa e de estudo para formação e ação social - Prefas - ou em parceria com as universidades. O caráter científico do trabalho social é questionado e contestado de acordo com as interações entre os atores sociais e as referências que estes mobilizam enquanto competem. Essas questões metodológicas cristalizam-se em torno da luta entre os campos das ciências sociais e do trabalho social, bem como dentro do próprio trabalho social como parte de uma reativação da dicotomia entre conhecimentos teórico prático situado e universal. Assim, o desenvolvimento de um paradigma científico de profissões como o trabalho social e também a questão dos modelos institucionais com epistemologias híbridas podem não se encaixar totalmente na lógica existente em razão da recusa histórica da academia em articular ciência e eficiência.
Ensino profissional: o grande fracasso da ditadura
Authors: Cunha Luiz Antônio
Published: March 2015

Este artigo analisa a Lei n. 5.692/71, produto de uma das mais importantes políticas educacionais da ditadura brasileira (1964/1986): a profissionalização universal e compulsória no ensino de 2º grau. Estudantes, administradores educacionais e empresários do ensino resistiram a essa política, resistência essa que adquiriu expressão aberta em 1974, quando a crise econômica mundial e a vitória do partido de oposição na eleição legislativa anunciaram o esgotamento do regime. Nesse contexto, várias decisões do Conselho Federal de Educação reinterpretaram a letra da lei e mudaram seu espírito, no sentido da atenuação do caráter profissional do ensino de 2º grau.
Método clínico-crítico y etnografía en investigaciones sobre conocimientos sociales
Authors: Palacios Mariana Inés García , Castorina José Antonio
Published: March 2015

El artículo señala la importancia de comprender los conocimientos sociales de los niños y niñas, situando sus construcciones en las relaciones sociales que se reproducen y actualizan en las prácticas cotidianas. Con este fin, se analizarán las contribuciones metodológicas y conceptuales de la antropología y la teoría psicogenética, y se argumentará que es posible construir un abordaje que articule aspectos trabajados en ambos campos disciplinares. Se revisarán las características centrales del método clínico-crítico y de la etnografía, destacando sus potencialidades y límites. Aquí se hará hincapié en la utilización de entrevistas. A su vez, se sostendrá que, dentro de una aproximación etnográfica, es necesario resignificar el método clínico de acuerdo con los presupuestos antropológicos.
Influence of surface treatment on bond strength of resin cements to a nickel alloy
Authors: SILVA Camilla Bottino da , SALIM Daniel de Mattos , KAMMER Gabriel Maia , CARVALHO Waldimir , GOUVÊA Cresus Vinicius Depes de
Published: March 2015

OBJECTIVE: To compare the bond strength of two dual-cure resin cements to Ni-Cr alloy test specimens (TS), with and without surface treatment. METHODS: RelyX ARC and Panavia Fluoro Cements were tested. Eighty nickel alloy TS were cast, measuring 10mmx7mmx2.5mm, forming a total of 40 pairs. Four groups of TS were obtained.Twenty pairs were treated by airborne abrasion with 50µm aluminum oxide particles and 20did not undergo treatment.The TS were cleaned usingultrasound. The parts were cemented according to manufacturers' instructions. A shear bond strength test was performed until bond failure occurred. RESULTS: Analysis of variance (ANOVA) showed there was a statistical difference (p>0.05) between thegroups. Visual analysis of optical microscopy images showed a mixed fracture pattern with adhesive predominance for RelyX ARC, and mixed with cohesive predominance for Panavia F. The sandblasted groups obtained better bonding, with Panavia F attaining higher bond-strength values than RelyX ARC. CONCLUSION: The Ni-Cr alloy/Panavia F on a treated surface behaved better in terms of bonding.
Oral complications in patients receiving head and neck radiation therapy: a literature review
Authors: SARI Janaine , NASILOSKI Karen Silva , GOMES Ana Paula Neutzling
Published: March 2015

Oral cancer is a relatively common disease worldwide and its incidence rate has increased over the years. In Brazil, thousands of new cases emerge and the dental surgeon is the professional who diagnoses, prevents, intervenes in and instructs patients in regard to the disease, its treatment and related complications. There is no current form of systemic treatment able to destroy abnormal cells without causing harm or death to normal cells. Surgery combined with radiation is one of the most common treatments for malignant tumors in the head and neck. This modality of treatment has resulted in high rates of cure and survival. There are, however, severe side effects, causing morbidities and reducing patients' quality of life. Hence, this study's aim was to perform a literature review addressing the main complications arising form radiation therapy while emphasizing the conduct of dental surgeons in the face of these changes.
Pulp revascularization: an alternative treatment to the apexification of immature teeth
Authors: ALBUQUERQUE Maria Tereza Pedrosa , NAGATA Juliana Yuri , SOARES Adriana de Jesus , ZAIA Alexandre Augusto
Published: March 2015

Pulp revascularization can be considered as a current alternative treatment to apexification, recommended for immature teeth cases, requiring endodontic treatment. Apexification involves long-term periodic exchanges of a calcium hydroxide paste into the root canal to induce the formation of a calcified barrier. Despite being the most classically therapy employed for these cases, the permanence of calcium hydroxide for long periods of time and also the successive changes may lead to a weakening of the root due to its hygroscopic properties and the proteolytic activities of calcium hydroxide, increasing the risk of fractures and contamination of the pulp space. Thus, a constant search for new treatment alternatives that provide the end of root development have been done to avoid the risk of future root fractures. So, revascularization has emerged as a new treatment option for cases of undeveloped teeth, that provides not only apical closure, as apexification, but also increase the dentin walls thickness. In the literature, there is an assortment of treatment protocols employing pulp revascularization procedure in attempt to attain the best way to achieve success. Assuming the diversity of protocols for revascularization treatment, it is important to go deep in the literature to collect, describe and discuss these protocols guiding new researches in this field and also conducting the clinicians. Therefore, this review aims to assess the literature on the different revascularization protocols.
Treatment of anterior crossbite and its influence on gingival recession
Authors: ANDRADE Roberta Nascimento , TÔRRES Flávia Ribeiro , FERREIRA Rogério Frederico Alves , CATHARINO Fernanda
Published: March 2015

Several etiological factors for gingival recession have been discussed in the literature, and the vestibular region of the mandibular incisors is a critical anatomical area for the emergence of this condition. Anterior crossbite is an important factor, because the trauma from occlusion between the incisors generates an imbalance in the distribution of forces, causing changes in the periodontium and making the area more susceptible to mechanical trauma during brushing and to plaque formation. In view of these aspects, the objective of this paper was to demonstrate the influence of early treatment of anterior crossbite on the gingival margin level and risk of gingival recession in the region of the incisors. A case of anterior crossbite treated during the mixed dentition phase was used as an example. After orthodontic therapy with the use of a removable appliance with a finger spring, we noticed improvement in periodontal health and esthetics as the tooth was reattached at its base bone.
Using an operating microscope to re-treat an inferior premolar with two canals
Authors: SANTOS Janaína Fernandes , ALMEIDA Gustavo Moreira , MARQUES Eduardo Fernandes , BUENO Carlos Eduardo da Silveira
Published: March 2015

This report aims to present a clinical case of endodontic re-treatment performed on a left inferior premolar with two canals of difficult localization. The importance of anatomical knowledge and the use of an operating microscope, especially in complex reintervention are discussed. An endodontic re-treatment was performed on element 34, which had a prosthetic restoration and vestibular fistula. In clinical examination, it was observed a negative result to the sensitization test and a positive result to vertical percussion test. After all the obturating material was removed, an operating microscope was requested to assess a possible fracture or the presence of another canal. It was noticed the presence of another canal that was treated and obturated as the existing canal. After 12 months, a new radiographic exam was performed, whose result was found asymptomatic and radiographically normal. In complex peculiar anatomy cases, the operating microscope is vital for the localization of extra canal to guarantee treatment success.
Pulpotomy in deciduous tooth with mineral trioxid aggregate
Authors: PIVA Fabiane , COELHO-DE-SOUZA Fábio Herrmann , MEIRA Raquel , ROTTA Gabriela Taube , VOLKWEISS Taytianne
Published: March 2015

Several medicines have been tested and used in the conservative pulp therapy of deciduous teeth, however, the formocresol has being the elected material in the pulpotomies, even not assisting the biocompatibility demands and promoting the fixation of the vital pulp tissue and not its repair. After Mineral Trioxide Aggregate (MTA) appearance as a material with physico-chemical properties that promotes the tissue repair, allied to other important properties, such as the antimicrobial action and the biocompatibility to the pulpal tissues, a new alternative material appeared for the dentistry. The aim of this study was to report the effect of MTA in a pulpotomy of deciduous molar, and its 1-year follow-up. The pulpotomy was made with MTA in the tooth 85 in a 5-year-old patient. The results obtained were quite favorable, demonstrating clinical and radiographic success, as well as absence of painful symptomatology reported by the patient. In spite of the little time of follow-up of the treated deciduous tooth, MTA has a great biological potential and could be an alternative material to be used in the pulpotomies of deciduous teeth.
A Gestão Democrática das Escolas: do autogoverno à ascensão de uma pós-democracia gestionária?
Authors: Lima Licínio C.
Published: March 2015

O autor assinala três elementos básicos que têm sido historicamente associados à gestão democrática das escolas: eleição, colegialidade, participação na decisão. A combinação ou rejeição de algumas dessas diferentes dimensões, em contextos sociais específicos, pode resultar em várias concepções de gestão democrática das escolas, desde o autogoverno até à possível ascensão de uma pós-democracia gestionária.
Os sentidos da presença dos jovens no Ensino Médio: representações da escola em três filmes de estudantes
Authors: Brenner Ana Karina , Carrano Paulo Cesar Rodrigues
Published: March 2015

O artigo discute desafios enfrentados pelas políticas de educação para que a escola de ensino médio seja significativa para os jovens. As matrículas cresceram trazendo um público popular para escolas ancoradas em representações elitistas. A crise de sentido da escola é, em grande medida, resultante das distâncias entre representações adultas e reais caraterísticas organizadoras dos modos de ser e de se viver o tempo da juventude. A partir da análise de três filmes produzidos por alunos do ensino médio discute-se a questão da singularização, das formas de aprender e o lugar da escola como suporte existencial para os jovens. A escola necessita estruturar-se sob princípios de dialogia entre sujeitos de múltiplas experiências e saberes em constante interação.
Padrões de segregação escolar no Brasil: um estudo comparativo entre capitais do país
Authors: Costa Marcio da , Bartholo Tiago Lisboa
Published: March 2015

O artigo analisa padrões de segregação escolar em quatro grandes cidades do Brasil: Belo Horizonte, Curitiba, Rio de Janeiro e São Paulo. Os dados foram fornecidos pelo Inep e apresentam informações para alunos matriculados no primeiro segmento do ensino fundamental entre 2007 e 2010. Utiliza o Índice de Segregação (Segregation Index) e considera duas características dos alunos: 1) cor; 2) distorção idade-série. Resultados preliminares sugerem que: 1) a cidade de Curitiba apresenta os maiores níveis de segregação escolar e Rio de Janeiro os menores; 2) a inclusão das matrículas do ensino privado aumenta os níveis de segregação escolar e seu impacto é maior nos anos mais recentes (2009-2010); 3) há uma associação entre as regras de matrícula nas cidades e os padrões de segregação escolar.
Variações sobre a "cultura científica" em quatro autores brasileiros
Authors: Fonseca Marina Assis , Oliveira Bernardo Jefferson de
Published: March 2015

A concepção de "cultura científica" varia historicamente, e o exame de suas permanências e transformações pode ajudar a compreender a relação da comunidade científica com a sociedade. As visões do papel da ciência na sociedade vão muito além do avanço de uma determinada forma de conhecimento e seus eventuais ou promissores frutos. Elas envolvem valores, posturas e práticas a difundir e revelam expectativas de avanço social e cultural. Este artigo trata de quatro visões expressivas de diferentes momentos da história brasileira. São apresentadas e analisadas as formulações de quatro autores influentes nas políticas científicas e educacionais do país em diferentes momentos: Miguel Ozorio de Almeida, Anísio Teixeira, Maurício Rocha e Silva e Carlos Vogt.
Variability of the perception of dyspnea in healthy subjects assessed through inspiratory resistive loading
Authors: Ziegler Bruna , Fernandes Andréia Kist , Sanches Paulo Roberto Stefani , Konzen Glauco Luís , Dalcin Paulo de Tarso Roth
Published: March 2015

Objective: Few studies have evaluated the variability of the perception of dyspnea in healthy subjects. The objective of this study was to evaluate the variability of the perception of dyspnea in healthy subjects during breathing against increasing inspiratory resistive loads, as well as to assess the association between the level of perception of dyspnea and the level of physical activity. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study involving healthy individuals 16 years of age or older. Subjects underwent inspiratory resistive loading testing, in which the level of perception of dyspnea was quantified with the modified Borg scale. We also determined body mass indices (BMIs), assessed maximal respiratory pressures, performed pulmonary function tests, applied the international physical activity questionnaire (IPAQ)-long form, and conducted six-minute walk tests (6MWTs). The level of perception of dyspnea was classified as low (Borg score < 2), intermediate (Borg score, 2-5), or high (Borg score > 5). Results: We included 48 healthy subjects in the study. Forty-two subjects completed the test up to a load of 46.7 cmH2O/L/s. The level of perception of dyspnea was classified as low, intermediate, and high in 13, 19, and 10 subjects, respectively. The level of perception of dyspnea was not significantly associated with age, gender, BMI, IPAQ-long form score, maximal respiratory pressures, or pulmonary function test results. Conclusions: The scores for perceived dyspnea induced by inspiratory resistive loading in healthy subjects presented wide variability. The perception of dyspnea was classified as low in 31% of the subjects, intermediate in 45%, and high in 24%. There was no association between the level of perception of dyspnea and the level of physical activity (IPAQ or six-minute walk distance).
Cleft and Craniofacial Coding in ICD-10
Authors: Taub Peter J. , Silver Lester
Published: March 2015

Objective

With the gradual replacement of the ICD-9 coding system by the newer ICD-10 system, there is a need to critically evaluate how the system improves—or fails to improve—the coding of specific cleft and craniofacial anomalies. The following review examines the new system and the key components for practitioners who treat patients with such anomalies.

Conclusions

While seemingly beneficial in certain respects, the newer ICD-10 system remains far from ideal for cleft and craniofacial anomalies. With future iterations of the system, a more concerted effort to precisely code such anomalies is warranted, which will likely require input from key practitioners.
Effects of Organic Nutrient Amendments on Weed and Crop Growth
Authors: Little Neith G. , Mohler Charles L. , Ketterings Quirine M. , DiTommaso Antonio
Published: March 2015

Sufficient fertility is important for crop growth and yield but supplying a balanced amount of N, P, and K with compost and manure is a challenge and nutrient imbalances can benefit weeds more than crops. The goal of this study was to compare the aboveground growth responses of common northeastern U.S. crops and weeds to addition of composted poultry manure (CPM). A secondary goal was to test whether the observed growth responses to CPM could be attributed to the three macronutrients—N, P, and K—supplied in the CPM. Two field experiments were conducted over 2 yr. Species grown were corn, lettuce, kale, Powell amaranth, common lambsquarters, giant foxtail, and velvetleaf. Plants were grown in soil amended with CPM or single-nutrient organic N, P, and K fertility amendments. Single-nutrient P treatments with bone char did not adequately mimic P supply from CPM. In both years, biomass of all weeds studied increased with CPM amendment rate. Powell amaranth was the most responsive to CPM addition, increasing 1,775 and 159% from the control to the highest CPM rate in 2010 and 2011, respectively. Corn biomass increased by 22% with CPM rate in 2010 but did not increase with CPM rate in 2011. Lettuce biomass increased with CPM amendment rate (175% in 2010 and 109% in 2011), but due to the increased weed biomass at high CPM amendment rates, good weed control will be necessary to maintain this yield benefit. The increase in growth of Powell amaranth, common lambsquarters, and giant foxtail with CPM amendment was not due to N or K, and may have been influenced by P or another factor in the CPM. Velvetleaf was the only species that exhibited increased biomass with N addition (as blood meal), similarly to the increase with added CPM, suggesting the velvetleaf growth response to CPM was due to N in the CPM. The results show that nutrient ratios should be considered when applying organic amendments, because application rates of organic amendments that meet the crop's needs for one nutrient may oversupply other nutrients. Overfertilization will not benefit crop yield, but the results of this study show that high organic fertility application rates are likely to increase weed growth.
Egyptian Broomrape (Phelipanche aegyptiaca) Management in Carrot under Field Conditions
Authors: Cochavi Amnon , Achdari Guy , Smirnov Evgeny , Rubin Baruch , Eizenberg Hanan
Published: March 2015

The chlorophyll-lacking holoparasite Egyptian broomrape is a major threat for many field crops in Israel. In carrot, a high-value crop that is grown year round in Israel, heavy infestation with broomrape can cause severe damage and even total yield loss. The objective of this study was to determine, under field conditions, selective herbicides that would effectively control Egyptian broomrape without damaging the carrots. Ten field experiments were performed between the years 2010 and 2013. The acetolactate synthase inhibitor herbicides imazapic and imazamox caused deformation of carrot taproots at low doses, and significantly reduced yield amount and quality. Glyphosate was found to be the safest herbicide for broomrape management in carrot. Carrot selectivity and broomrape control efficacy were examined with three sequential applications of nine glyphosate doses. A nonlinear log-logistic curve described the response of noninfested carrot taproot biomass to glyphosate. No significant reduction in taproot biomass was observed when glyphosate was applied at up to 149 g ae ha−1. When glyphosate was applied in an Egyptian broomrape-infested carrot field, a hormetic effect was observed, perhaps due to Egyptian broomrape control. A two-parameter exponential decay curve described the broomrape response to glyphosate. Three sequential foliar applications of glyphosate, at 108 g ha−1, completely controlled Egyptian broomrape. Our results demonstrate that glyphosate applied sequentially at a low dose on Egyptian broomrape-infested carrot can control this parasitic weed.
Postemergence Control of Glyphosate/Paraquat-Resistant Hairy Fleabane (Conyza bonariensis) in Tree Nut Orchards in the Central Valley of California
Authors: Moretti Marcelo L. , Shrestha Anil , Hembree Kurt J. , Hanson Bradley D.
Published: March 2015

Hairy fleabane is an important weed in orchards and vineyards of California. Populations of glyphosate-resistant (GR) and glyphosate-paraquat-resistant (GPR) hairy fleabane have been documented in California but very little information is available on the efficacy of other POST herbicides on these populations. Greenhouse and field experiments were conducted to evaluate the efficacy of several POST herbicides registered in almond orchards on GPR, GR, and glyphosate/paraquat-susceptible (GPS) hairy fleabane plants. Plants were treated at the 8- to 12-leaf stage in greenhouse experiments, and at the bolting to flowering stage in field experiments. A sequential application of glyphosate (1,100 g ae ha−1) followed by paraquat (500 g ai ha−1) 14 d later did not control the GPR plants in any of the studies, but was effective in controlling the GR and GPS plants. Glufosinate at 1,050 g ai ha−1or saflufenacil at 48.8 g ai ha−1resulted in 90% or greater control of all populations in all studies, whereas glyphosate (1,100 g ae ha−1) + 2,4-D (1,090 g ae ha−1) resulted in inconsistent control (58 to 100%). The GPR population was not resistant to other common POST herbicide modes of action used in California tree nut orchards, and glufosinate and saflufenacil can provide growers effective management options for hairy fleabane in these crops.
London 2012 legacy: a sustainable model for delivering large sports events
Authors: Bulley James , Cardwell Steve
Published: March 2015

A key element of London's bid for the 2012 Olympic and Paralympic Games was the ambition to host a sustainable games that would change the approach to master planning and delivery of venues and infrastructure of large sporting events around the world. The resulting London 2012 venues were an innovative combination of new first-class stadia, temporary arenas in iconic settings and existing world-renowned venues. This paper, which concludes a suite of Institution of Civil Engineers Proceedings papers on the delivery and legacy of London 2012 over the past 3 years, summarises the key principles which influenced the venue master plan and design process to meet sustainability aspirations. Further, it examines the requirements of various key stakeholders and details how these were met by the project team. The paper finishes by summing up the lessons learnt for future major sporting events.
Raffles City Chengdu, China: achieving a sunlight-influenced design
Authors: Wang Aaron J. , Hong Ye
Published: March 2015

Raffles City Chengdu is a large, new, mixed-used development in Chengdu, China's fourth biggest city. Known locally as ‘The Sliced Porosity Block', its complex, fragmented design was driven by a planning requirement for maximum penetration by sunlight. This paper describes the unique structural engineering challenges and solutions adopted for the 300 000 m2 development's five, irregularly shaped, 110 m tall towers, which feature a variety of cantilevered and sloping sections, large openings and link bridges. Extensive computer and physical modelling was done to evaluate seismic and wind resistance of the towers both during and after construction. The high-quality white concrete finish specified for the composite steel−concrete exoskeleton also required substantial care in designing and constructing the complex composite nodes, for which several mock-ups were built.
One-dimensional response of peaty soils subjected to a wide range of oedometric conditions
Authors: Madaschi A. , Gajo A.
Published: March 2015

This paper describes a comprehensive set of experimental data concerning the one-dimensional, time-dependent behaviour of organic clays and peats. The experimental analyses concerned three different peaty soils (either undisturbed or remoulded) with fairly different index properties (the organic content ranged between 20% and 70%) that were submitted to various kinds of one-dimensional consolidation tests. The experimental data confirm that peats and organic clays have many aspects of their delayed behaviour in common. The main outcome of this work is a good-quality, comprehensive and meaningful set of data for use in developing and calibrating constitutive models for simulating the delayed response of soils, with an emphasis on organic clays and peats.
The controversial discourse on speed in the case of HS2
Authors: Durrant Daniel William
Published: March 2015

This paper discusses the framing of mega transport projects based on research into High Speed Two, a high-speed rail project in the UK. It shows how a dominant narrative of speed reflects closed decision making and narrow appraisal criteria. This is problematic due to declining trust in the ability of public institutions to calculate the benefits of these costly projects. Using discourse analysis the paper identifies categories that form a powerful narrative around the project excluding other policy options. Alternative frames established within civil society are also identified. These offer a reframing of the project that could reduce the environmental and social costs and increase regeneration and connectivity benefits. However, they are excluded by the current decision-making process. This argument has implications for route design, for the democratic process and the quality of decisions. The paper concludes that sensitivity to the framing of issues is important if there is to be greater dialogue between expert and local knowledge systems as a means of building trust in the technical decision making of major infrastructure projects.
Efeito do acasalamento entre a doadora e o touro (Holandês versus Gir) na produção in vitro de embriões bovinos
Authors: Silva Ana Paula Toledo Barbosa da , Mello Raquel Rodrigues Costa , Ferreira Joaquim Esquerdo , Mello Marco Roberto Bourg de
Published: March 2015

O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar o efeito da raça da doadora de oócitos e a raça do touro (Holandês versus Gir) sobre os parâmetros de produção in vitro (PIV) de embriões bovinos comparando as médias de oócitos recuperados e aptos ao cultivo e as taxas de oócitos aptos ao cultivo, de clivagem e de blastocisto. Foram coletados dados referentes a 1000 sessões de aspiração folicular (OPU), sendo 500 em doadoras da raça Holandesa e 500 da raça Gir. Os dados foram analisados pelos testes t de Student não pareado e Qui-quadrado, com nível de significância de 5%. As médias e os desvios padrão de oócitos recuperados e aptos ao cultivo para as raças Holandesas e Gir foram, respectivamente, 15,1±13,0; 8,7±7,6; 15,5±11,9 e 9,1±7,9. As taxas de oócitos aptos para o cultivo foram de 57,7 e 58,5% para as raças Holandesa e Gir, respectivamente. Houve diferença significativa entre as raças com relação aos oócitos aptos ao cultivo (P<0,05), não sendo observada diferença significativa em relação aos oócitos recuperados e às taxas de oócitos aptos para o cultivo (P>0,05). Do mesmo modo, foi observado que a raça da doadora de oócitos e do touro influenciou as taxas de clivagem e de blastocisto (P<0,05). Os resultados para as combinações (raça da doadora x raça do touro) Holandesa x Holandês (G1), Holandesa x Gir (G2), Gir x Holandês (G3) e Gir x Gir (G4) foram 65,7; 60,3; 59,6 e 56,5%, respectivamente, para as taxas de clivagem, sendo G1>G2, G1>G3, G1>G4, G2=G3, G2>G4 e G3>G4. Do mesmo modo, os resultados foram 28,1; 33,3; 26,8 e 31,0%, respectivamente, para as taxas de blastocisto, sendo G1>G2, G1=G3, G1<G4, G2<G3, G2=G4 e G3<G4. Portanto, pode-se concluir que a raça da doadora e do touro influencia os parâmetros de PIV, com um maior número de oócitos aptos ao cultivo na raça Gir.
Efeitos do fornecimento de dietas pré-desmame para leitões: uma revisão
Authors: Marcolla Camila Schultz , Ribeiro Andréa Machado Leal
Published: March 2015

O fornecimento de alimento complementar ao leite da porca durante a lactação (creep feed) é um manejo comumente recomendado para produtores. A prática foi introduzida como estratégia para minimizar os efeitos deletérios do desmame abrupto e precoce, bem como para uniformizar as leitegadas a serem desmamadas, aumentar o peso ao desmame e acelerar a adaptação do trato gastrintestinal dos leitões a dietas sólidas. As dietas creep feed são formuladas buscando-se altos níveis de digestibilidade e palatabilidade e incluem ingredientes de alta qualidade e alto custo. No entanto, resultados de pesquisas que indiquem que a simples oferta de creep feed é eficiente para minimizar os efeitos deletérios do desmame ou para facilitar a adaptação dos leitões a dietas iniciais ainda são escassos e pouco consolidados. O objetivo desse trabalho foi revisar os fatores que influenciam o consumo de creep feed, os efeitos do consumo dessas dietas sobre o desempenho durante a lactação, bem como as possíveis influências sobre o desenvolvimento enzimático, a ocorrência de diarreias e o desempenho pós-desmame de leitões desmamados entre 21 e 28 dias de idade. Os resultados encontrados indicam que leitões lactentes não apresentam maturidade intestinal suficiente para que estas dietas sejam voluntariamente consumidas e adequadamente digeridas. Mesmo os animais dispostos ao consumo não o fazem em quantidade suficiente para promover a adaptação enzimática ou melhorar o desempenho pós-desmame. Ao contrário do esperado, o consumo de creep feed, especialmente se em baixas quantidades, pode estar associado a sensibilização do trato gastrintestinal, que resulta em reações de hipersensibilidade e diarreia pós-desmame. Concluiu-se que a simples oferta de creep feed não é eficiente para promoção do crescimento na lactação e no pós-desmame, ou para facilitar a adaptação de leitões desmamados precocemente a dietas sólidas. Portanto, destaca-se a necessidade de pesquisas na área, visando o desenvolvimento de técnicas que possam, efetivamente, minimizar as perdas decorrentes da prática de desmamar leitões precocemente.
Guidelines for constructing allometric models for the prediction of woody biomass: How many individuals to harvest?
Authors: Roxburgh S. H. , Paul K. I. , Clifford D. , England J. R. , Raison R. J.
Published: March 2015

The recent development of biomass markets and carbon trading has led to increasing interest in obtaining accurate estimates of woody biomass production. Aboveground woody biomass (B) is often estimated indirectly using allometric models, where representative individuals are harvested and weighed, and regression analyses used to generalise the relationship between individual mass and more readily measured non‐destructive attributes such as plant height and stem diameter (D). To satisfy regulatory requirements and/or to provide market confidence, allometric models must be based on sufficient data to ensure predictions are accurate, whilst at the same time being practically and financially achievable.

Using computer resampling experiments and allometric models of the formB=aDbthe trade‐off between increasing the sample size of individuals to construct an allometric model and the accuracy of the resulting biomass predictions was assessed. A range of algorithms for selecting individuals across the stem diameter size‐class range were also explored. The results showed marked variability across allometric models in the required number of individuals to satisfy a given level of precision. A range of 17–95 individuals were required to achieve biomass predictions with a standard deviation within 5% of the mean for the best performing stem diameter selection algorithm, while 25–166 individuals were required for the poorest. This variability arises from (a) inherent uncertainty in the relationship between diameter and biomass across allometric models, and (b) differences between the diameter size‐class distribution of individuals used to construct a model, and the diameter size‐class distribution of the population to which the model is applied.

Allometric models are a key component of quantifying land‐based sequestration activities, but despite their importance little attention has been given to ensuring the methods used in their development will yield sufficiently accurate biomass predictions. The results from this study address this gap and will be of use in guiding the development of new allometric models; in assessing the suitability of existing allometric models; and in facilitating the estimation of uncertainty in biomass predictions.
Soil enzyme responses to varying rainfall regimes in Chihuahuan Desert soils
Authors: Ladwig Laura M. , Sinsabaugh Robert L. , Collins Scott L. , Thomey Michell L.
Published: March 2015

Extracellular enzyme activities (EEAs) are indicators of both soil microbial activity and nutrient availability for plants. However, it is unclear how EEAs change over the growing season in desert grasslands. We examined whether EEAs changed in response to the size and frequency of rain events during the summer monsoon in the northern Chihuahuan Desert, and if the response varied between plant and interspace associated soils. Potential EEAs were measured within a rainfall manipulation experiment at the Sevilleta National Wildlife Refuge in central New Mexico, USA. Rainfall treatments included either three 10‐mm events or one 30‐mm rain event per month throughout the three month summer monsoon (July–September). EEAs were measured immediately before and within hours after experimental rain events under plants and in unvegetated interspaces. Throughout the season hydrolase activities were higher under vegetation than in interspace soils. Potential activities of hydrolytic enzymes were similar for the two rainfall regimes. Activities increased following early season rain, showed little response to mid‐season rain, and decreased following late‐season rain. Although enzyme activities did not differ between rainfall treatments, ratios between enzymes varied, indicating different nutrient limitations imposed by rain event size and frequency. Larger nitrogen and phosphorus limitations occurred in interspace soils that experienced large, frequent rain events. Many factors, including location relative to plants, seasonality, and rainfall size and frequency, influenced enzyme activities and nutrient availability in these Chihuahuan Desert soils throughout the monsoon season.
Relationships for estimating N2 fixation in legumes: incidence for N balance of legume‐based cropping systems in Europe
Authors: Anglade Juliette , Billen Gilles , Garnier Josette
Published: March 2015

Management of nitrogen (N) inputs into agricultural systems is of increasing interest due to the intensive use of synthetic fertilizers in modern cash crop systems, which has caused considerable environmental damage, including nitrate contamination of surface and groundwater, eutrophication of coastal marine areas and emission of greenhouse gases. The use of legumes grown in rotations or intercropping is nowadays regarded as an alternative and sustainable way of introducing N into low‐input cropping systems. In order to develop a simple tool to assess biological nitrogen fixation (BNF) by legume pulse and forages within crop rotations, we conducted a systematic literature survey with a quantitative statistical analysis intended to define a robust relationship between measurable variables and N2 fixation. We found highly significant correlations between total N accumulation in shoot matter and fixed N2 in forage (y = 0.79x − 0.49) and grain (y = 0.70x + 1.01) legumes. Accurately estimating the contribution of belowground components is more difficult because of a lack of relevant studies. Properly assessing BNF is crucial to evaluate the possibility of diversified legume based cropping systems achieving a balance between inputs and outputs, thus ensuring both short‐term productivity and long‐term sustainability. For a typical nine‐year organic rotation in the Paris basin alternating legumes and cereals, the soil surface balance, calculated with the relationships obtained, indicated that N fluxes were balanced, leaving a surplus of only a few kg N/ha/yr, with legumes accounting for 86% of total N inputs.
Quantifying the impact of Gambusia holbrooki on the extinction risk of the critically endangered red‐finned blue‐eye
Authors: Nicol Sam , Haynes Trevor B. , Fensham Rod , Kerezsy Adam
Published: March 2015

Managing competing endangered and invasive species in spatially structured environments is challenging because it is often difficult to control invasive species without negatively impacting the endangered species. Effective management action requires an understanding of the factors affecting the presence and absence of each species so that promising sites for relocation of endangered species combined with eradication of invasive species can be identified. We investigate competing hypotheses about the factors affecting occupancy of the critically endangered red‐finned blue‐eye (Scaturiginichthys vermeilipinnis; hereafter ‘RFBE'), a native Australian fish with a global distribution that is restricted to a group of shallow artesian springs. RFBE are threatened by competition with invasive mosquito fish (Gambusia holbrooki), which are steadily colonizing the springs, resulting in local extinctions of RFBE in most cases. While hypotheses about the influences of Gambusia on RFBE exist, none have been tested with a quantitative model. We used a spatially‐structured two‐species occupancy modeling approach to examine the occupancy dynamics of these fish and tested competing hypotheses on how Gambusia occupancy affected RFBE. Gambusia occupancy had a strong negative effect on RFBE occupancy and colonization potential; increasing the probability of local extinction at a spring and decreasing the persistence probability of RFBE in a spring by 8.0% ± 2.7% (mean ± 1 SE). We found strongest support for the hypotheses that elevation and spring area influence colonization, and that spring area influences patch extinction probability. Using colonization and local extinction estimates for both species, we identify promising sites for eradication of Gambusia and relocation of RFBE.
Periodontal Therapy Effects on Nitrite Related to Oral Bacteria: A 6‐Month Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Cortelli Sheila C. , Costa Fernando O. , Rodrigues Edson , Cota Luis O.M. , Cortelli Jose R.
Published: March 2015

Background: Nitrite is a biologic factor relevant to oral and systemic homeostasis. Through an oral bacteria reduction process, it was suggested that periodontal therapy and chlorhexidine (CHX) rinse could affect nitrite levels, leading to negative effects, such as an increase in blood pressure. This 6‐month randomized clinical trial evaluated the effects of periodontal therapeutic protocols on salivary nitrite and its relation to subgingival bacteria.

Methods: One hundred patients with periodontitis were allocated randomly to debridement procedures in four weekly sections (quadrant scaling [QS]) or within 24 hours (full‐mouth scaling [FMS]) in conjunction with a 60‐day CHX (QS + CHX and FMS + CHX), placebo (QS + placebo and FMS + placebo), or no mouthrinse (QS + none and FMS + none) use. Real‐time polymerase chain reaction determined total bacterial, Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Tannerella forsythia, Treponema denticola, Streptococcus oralis, and Actinomyces naeslundii levels. Salivary nitrite concentration was determined with Griess reagent. Data were analyzed statistically at baseline and 3 and 6 months by analysis of variance, Kruskal–Wallis, Mann–Whitney U, and Spearman correlation tests (P <0.05).

Results: Nitrite concentrations did not tend to change over time. Regarding CHX use, there was a negative correlation between nitrite and total bacterial load at 6 months (FMS + CHX) and one positive correlation between P. gingivalis and nitrite at baseline (QS + CHX). Independently of rinse type, in the FMS group, nitrite correlated negatively with several microbial parameters and also with a higher percentage of deep periodontal pockets.

Conclusions: The relationship between nitrite and bacterial levels appears weak. Short‐term scaling exhibited a greater influence on nitrite concentrations then long‐term CHX use.
A Rare Presentation of Sciatic Palsy Due to Hematoma After Use of the Kocher-Langenbeck Approach to the Acetabulum
Authors: Rog Dominik , Basmajian Hrayr G.
Published: March 2015

Case:

A delayed sciatic palsy caused by compression due to hematoma formation is a rare complication of total hip arthroplasty. We report the case of a twenty-seven-year-old man who underwent open reduction and internal fixation of transverse and posterior wall acetabular fractures with posterior hip dislocation and had development of a delayed sciatic palsy due to the formation of a hematoma five days after the procedure.

Conclusion:

A patient who presents with a delayed-onset sciatic palsy with signs and symptoms of a hematoma after an acetabular surgery represents a surgical emergency. Early recognition and urgent decompression offers the best chance of nerve recovery.
Energy and process data processing and visualisation for optimising wastewater treatment plants
Authors: Thürlimann Christian M. , Dürrenmatt David J. , Villez Kris
Published: March 2015

For complex systems such as wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs), effective data communication is an important step to enable operators to assess their plant. However, examples in practice show that this step is insufficiently considered. In this article, we describe a fast, relevant, and intuitive decision-support tool for operators. We have developed a key performance indicator (KPI) visualisation tool for energy and process data embedded in a larger process optimisation software. The KPI set consists of indicator values relating to energy and effluent quality. In order to ensure that the visualisation tool will be used and cover the needs of the plant staff, we developed this part of the software in collaboration with two WWTPs. At the time of writing, the tool is used in the daily operation of both plants. The operators see the tool's most important advantages as its ability to quickly assess current plant performance and to simplify the tracking and analysis of inter- and intra-process relationships and dynamics.
A pilot-scale investigation of ozonation and advanced oxidation processes at Choa Chu Kang Waterworks
Authors: Wang Jenny , Ried Achim , Stapel Harald , Zhang Yaning , Chen Minghui , Ang Wui Seng , Xie Rongjing , Duarah Ankur , Zhang Lifeng , Lim Mong Hoo
Published: March 2015

A two-year comprehensive advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) pilot test was completed for a Singapore waterworks in 2011–2013. This study focused on oxidative removal of spiked organic contaminants with ozone and ozone-based AOPs (ozone application together with hydrogen peroxide, which is necessary for AOPs). The ‘optimized H2O2 dosage’ test philosophy was verified during the test period – keeping the residual ozone at 0.3 mg/L in the water for disinfection purpose by minimizing the H2O2 dosage. This study also monitored the bromate concentration in both ozone- and AOP-treated water, and all the samples reported below the laboratory detection limit (<5 µg/L), which is also lower than the WHO Guidelines for Drinking Water Quality (<10 µg/L). For comparison, a low pressure UV-based AOP test was conducted in the final stage of the study. The electrical energy per order (EEO) value is compared with ozone- and UV-based AOPs as well. The results indicated that ozone-based AOP with an optimized hydrogen peroxide dosage could be the most energy efficient option for this specific water matrix in terms of most selected compounds.
Malaysia's largest river bank filtration and ultrafiltration systems for municipal drinking water production
Authors: Ming Chew Chun , David Ng K. M. , Richard Ooi H. H. , Ismail W. M. Z. W.
Published: March 2015

This paper presents a case study of Wakaf Bunut water treatment plant (the ‘plant’) in Kelantan, Malaysia. The plant was successfully commissioned in February 2013 and started operating in March 2013. It is capable of supplying up to 14 million liters a day of potable water to Tok Bali. Feasibility studies were carried out on the combination of river bank filtration (RBF) and ultrafiltration (UF) to reduce operating costs while maintaining filtrate quality. The plant is the largest municipal drinking water treatment plant in Malaysia using combined RBF and UF technologies. Actual operating data from the plant were collected and are discussed in this paper.