bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Using saline reclaimed water on almond grown in Mediterranean conditions: deficit irrigation strategies and salinity effects
Authors: Vivaldi Gaetano Alessandro , Camposeo Salvatore , Lopriore Giuseppe , Romero-Trigueros Cristina , Salcedo Francisco Pedrero
Published: January 2019

The main objective of this study was to acquire agronomic knowledge about the effects of irrigation with saline reclaimed (RW) and desalinated DESERT (DW) water and different irrigation strategies: control full irrigation (FI) and regulated deficit irrigation (RDI) on leaf nutrients, tree growth and fruit quality and yield of almond trees in pots. Our results showed that RW had the highest concentration of some valuable agronomic nutrients such as N, but also of phytotoxic elements (Na and Cl−). Na leaf concentration on RW treatments reached toxic levels, especially under RDI, and toxicity symptoms were shown. Regarding tree growth, cumulate trunk diameter on RW-RDI was significantly lower than on the control treatment and shoot growth was reduced from the beginning of the irrigation season in RW treatments. Maximum yield was reached on RW-FI, 18% higher than the control treatment. However, RDI strategies influenced negatively on yield, being 23% less in RW and 7% less in DW although water productivity was not significantly reduced by water stress. These findings manifest that the combination of RW and RDI can be a promising future practice for almond irrigation, but long-term studies to establish suitable management practices must be developed.
The Esophageal Cancer and the PI3K/AKT/mTOR Signaling Regulatory microRNAs: a Novel Marker for Prognosis, and a Possible Target for Immunotherapy
Authors: Javadinia Seyed A. , Shahidsales Soodabeh , Fanipakdel Azar , Mostafapour Asma , Joudi-Mashhad Mona , Ferns Gordon A. , Avan Amir
Published: January 2019

The Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/AKT/Mammalian Target of Rapamycin (PI3K/AKT/mTOR) pathway
has a critical regulatory role in cell biology including translation, transcription, and autophagy. Dysregulation
of this pathway is involved in the pathogenesis, development, and prognosis of esophageal cancer that has been
assessed in the recent years and its potential as a target in therapy. This report summarizes the current knowledge
about PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway and its cross-talk with a focus on the value of targeting this pathway as a potential
therapeutic target in the treatment of esophageal cancer.
Phytosomal Curcumin Elicits Anti-tumor Properties Through Suppression of Angiogenesis, Cell Proliferation and Induction of Oxidative Stress in Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Moradi-Marjaneh Reyhaneh , Hassanian Seyed M. , Rahmani Farzad , Aghaee-Bakhtiari Seyed H. , Avan Amir , Khazaei Majid
Published: January 2019

Background:

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common causes of cancer-associated mortality
in the world. Anti-tumor effect of curcumin has been shown in different cancers; however, the therapeutic
potential of novel phytosomal curcumin, as well as the underlying molecular mechanism in CRC, has not yet been
explored.

Methods:

The anti-proliferative, anti-migratory and apoptotic activity of phytosomal curcumin in CT26 cells was
assessed by MTT assay, wound healing assay and Flow cytometry, respectively. Phytosomal curcumin was also
tested for its in-vivo activity in a xenograft mouse model of CRC. In addition, oxidant/antioxidant activity was
examined by DCFH-DA assay in vitro, measurement of malondialdehyde (MDA), Thiol and superoxidedismutase
(SOD) and catalase (CAT) activity and also evaluation of expression levels of Nrf2 and GCLM by
qRT-PCR in tumor tissues. In addition, the effect of phytosomal curcumin on angiogenesis was assessed by the
measurement of VEGF-A and VEGFR-1 and VEGF signaling regulatory microRNAs (miRNAs) in tumor tissue.

Results:

Phytosomal curcumin exerts anti-proliferative, anti-migratory and apoptotic activity in-vitro. It also
decreases tumor growth and augmented 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) anti-tumor effect in-vivo. In addition, our data
showed that induction of oxidative stress and inhibition of angiogenesis through modulation of VEGF signaling
regulatory miRNAs might be underlying mechanisms by which phytosomal curcumin exerted its antitumor effect.

Conclusion:

Our data confirmed this notion that phytosomal curcumin administrates anticancer effects and can be
used as a complementary treatment in clinical settings.
The Role of TGF-β Signaling Regulatory MicroRNAs in the Pathogenesis of Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Moradi-Marjaneh Reyhaneh , Khazaei Majid , Ferns Gordon A. , Aghaee-Bakhtiari Seyed H.
Published: January 2019

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common cancers globally and is associated with a high
mortality rate. The transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) signaling pathway plays an important role in normal
intestinal tissue function, but has also been implicated in the development of CRC. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have
also recently emerged as important regulators of cancer development and progression. They act by targeting multiple
signaling pathways including the TGF-β signaling pathway. There is growing evidence demonstrating that
miRNAs target various components of the TGF-β signaling pathway, including TGF-β1, TGF-β2, regulatory
SMADs (SMAD1, 2, 3, 5 and 9), co-mediator SMAD4, inhibitory SMADs (SMAD6 and 7) and the TGF-β receptors,
and thereby alter the proliferation and migration of CRC cells. In this review, we summarize the data
concerning the interaction between TGF-β signaling pathway and miRNAs with the aim to better understanding
the CRC molecular mechanisms and hence better management of this disease.
Role of Regulatory Oncogenic or Tumor Suppressor miRNAs of PI3K/AKT Signaling Axis in the Pathogenesis of Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Soleimani Atena , Rahmani Farzad , Ferns Gordon A. , Ryzhikov Mikhail , Avan Amir , Hassanian Seyed Mahdi
Published: January 2019

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the leading cause of cancer death worldwide and its incidence is increasing. In most patients with CRC, the PI3K/AKT signaling axis is over-activated. Regulatory oncogenic or tumor suppressor microRNAs (miRNAs) for PI3K/AKT signaling regulate cell proliferation, migration, invasion, angiogenesis, as well as resistance to chemo-/radio-therapy in colorectal cancer tumor tissues. Thus, regulatory miRNAs of PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling represent novel biomarkers for new patient diagnosis and obtaining clinically invaluable information from post-treatment CRC patients for improving therapeutic strategies. This review summarizes the current knowledge of miRNAs’ regulatory roles of PI3K/AKT signaling in CRC pathogenesis.
3D Printing Technology in Customized Drug Delivery System: Current State of the Art, Prospective and the Challenges
Authors: Khan Farooq A. , Narasimhan Kaushik , Swathi C.S.V. , Mustak Sayyad , Mustafa Gulam , Ahmad Mohammad Zaki , Akhter Sohail
Published: January 2019

Background:

3D printing/Additive Manufacturing seems a pragmatic approach to realize the quest for
a truly customized and personalized drug delivery. 3DP technology, with innovations in pharmaceutical development
and an interdisciplinary approach to finding newer Drug Delivery Systems can usher a new era of treatments
to various diseases. The true potential of this is yet to be realized, and the US-FDA is focusing on the regulatory
science of 3D printed medical devices to help patients access this technology safely and effectively. The approval
of the first 3D printed prescription medicine by FDA is a promising step in the translation of more research in this
area.

Methods:

A web-search on PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Nature was performed with the keywords Customized
3D printing and Drug delivery, publications dealing with the aspects of drug delivery using 3D printing for personalized
or customized delivery were further considered and analyzed and discussed.

Results:

We present the advantages offered by 3DP over conventional methods of formulation development and
discuss the current state of 3DP in pharmaceutics and how it can be used to develop a truly customized drug delivery
system, various 3DP technologies including Stereolithography (SLA), Selective Laser Sintering (SLS),
Fused Deposition Modelling (FDM), Pressure Assisted Microsyringe (PAM) that have been used to develop
pharmaceutical products have been discussed along with their limitations and also the regulatory considerations to
help formulation scientists envisaging research in this area with the necessary information.

Conclusion:

3D printing has the potential to fabricate a customized drug delivery system. Presence of many drug
formulation and the devices are already in the regulatory approval process indicating its success.
Extrusion-Based 3D Printing for Pharmaceuticals: Contemporary Research and Applications
Authors: Algahtani Mohammed S. , Mohammed Abdul Aleem , Ahmad Javed
Published: January 2019

Three-dimensional printing (3DP) has a significant impact on organ transplant, cosmetic surgery, surgical
planning, prosthetics and other medical fields. Recently, 3 DP attracted the attention as a promising method
for the production of small-scale drug production. The knowledge expansion about the population differences in
metabolism and genetics grows the need for personalised medicine substantially. In personalised medicine, the
patient receives a tailored dose and the release profile is based on his pharmacokinetics data. 3 DP is expected to
be one of the leading solutions for the personalisation of the drug dispensing. This technology can fabricate a
drug-device with complicated geometries and fillings to obtain the needed drug release profile. The extrusionbased
3 DP is the most explored method for investigating the feasibility of the technology to produce a novel
dosage form with properties that are difficult to achieve using the conventional industrial methods. Extrusionbased
3 DP is divided into two techniques, the semi-solid extrusion (SSE) and the fused deposition modeling
(FDM). This review aims to explain the extrusion principles behind the two techniques and discuss their capabilities
to fabricate novel dosage forms. The advantages and limitations observed through the application of SSE and
FDM for fabrication of drug dosage forms were discussed in this review. Further exploration and development are
required to implement this technology in the healthcare frontline for more effective and personalised treatment.
miRNA Targeting Angiogenesis as a Potential Therapeutic Approach in the Treatment of Colorectal Cancers
Authors: Amerizadeh Forouzan , Khazaei Majid , Maftouh Mona , Mardani Ramin , Bahrami Afsane
Published: January 2019

Angiogenesis refers to the formation of recent blood vessels, which is one of the characteristics of
cancer progression and it has been deliberated as a putative target to the treatment of many kinds of cancers. The
VEGF signaling substrate is very important for angiogenesis and is commonly high-regulated in tumors. As a
result, this molecule has attracted the attention of most of the researchers to develop antiangiogenic therapies. We
have presented that VEGF blockage in neoadjuvant setting via bevacizumab, aflibercept and sunitinib not only
has revealed some promising benefits but also has shown a large negative outcome in the adjuvant trials. However,
at an advanced stage of tumors, suppression of VEGF alone is inadequate to stop advancement, encouraging
drug resistance, and probably enhancing metastasis and invasion in the tumor microenvironment, thereby suggesting
the therapeutic potential of targeting angiogenic pathways in gastrointestinal cancers.
Cytotoxic Stilbenes and Derivatives as Promising Antimitotic Leads for Cancer Therapy
Authors: Faustino Célia , Francisco Ana P. , Isca Vera M. S. , Duarte Noélia
Published: January 2019

The growing incidence of cancer, the toxic side-effects associated with conventional chemotherapeutic
agents and the development of multidrug resistance (MDR) drive the search for novel and more effective drugs
with multi-target activity and selectivity towards cancer cells. Stilbenes are a group of naturally occurring phenolic
compounds of plant origin derived from the phenylpropanoid pathway that may exist as cis- or trans-isomers.
Although the trans-isomer is the more common and stable configuration, resveratrol being a representative compound,
cis-stilbenes are potent cytotoxic agents that bind to and inhibit tubulin polymerization, destabilizing
microtubules. This review summarizes the chemistry and biological evaluation of cytotoxic stilbenes and their
synthetic derivatives as promising antimitotic leads for cancer therapy, focusing on the most potent compounds,
the combretastatins. Combretastatins isolated from the South African bushwillow Combretum caffrum are among
the most potent antimitotic and vascular disrupting agents (VDAs) of natural origin. Preclinical studies have
demonstrated their potent antitumor effects in a wide variety of tumors, both in vitro and in vivo, being currently
under evaluation in phase 2 and phase 3 clinical trials for several types of solid tumors. Topics covered herein
include synthetic medicinal chemistry, modes of action, structure-activity relationships (SAR), preclinical and
clinical studies as VDAs in cancer therapy, either as single agents or in combination with cytotoxic anticancer
drugs, antiangiogenic agents, or radiation therapy, and development of appropriate formulations based on
nanocarriers (e.g., liposomes, nanoemulsions, polymeric, lipid and ceramic nanoparticles, carbon nanotubes) for
improved bioavailability and targeted delivery of combretastatins to the tumor vasculature.
Natural Products Inspired Modulators of Cancer Stem Cells-specific Signaling Pathways Notch and Hedgehog
Authors: Palermo Rocco , Ghirga Francesca , Piccioni Maria Grazia , Bernardi Flavia , Zhdanovskaya Nadezda , Infante Paola , Mori Mattia
Published: January 2019

It is nowadays widely accepted that some tumors have a niche of cells endowed with stemness features,
which may cause resistance to conventional anticancer therapies and relapse/recurrence of the malignancy.
These cells are usually referred to as cancer stem cells (CSCs) and, different from normal cancer cells, are
rather quiescent. Targeting CSCs is thus a highly challenging but promising strategy to counteract tumor
growth, and to develop innovative anticancer agents.

Here, we review the chemical, biological and multidisciplinary efforts that have been spent in targeting CSCsspecific
signaling pathways Notch and Hedgehog (Hh) for anticancer drug discovery. In particular, the use of
natural products as a valuable source of lead compounds or chemical biology tools is emphasized. Examples of
natural products functionalization through semi-synthetic transformations or total syntheses, aimed at improving
pharmacokinetics and/or pharmacodynamics properties of natural products in Notch or Hh inhibition, are
provided as well.
MicroRNA-based Biosensors for Early Detection of Cancers
Authors: Rezayi Majid , Farjami Zahra , Hosseini Zeinab S. , Ebrahimi Neshat , Abouzari-Lotf Ebrahim
Published: January 2019

Small noncoding microRNAs (miRNAs) are known as noninvasive biomarkers for early detection in
various cancers. In fact, miRNAs have key roles in carcinogenicity process such as proliferation, apoptosis and
metastasis. After cardiovascular disease, cancer is the second cause of death in the world with an estimated 9.6
million deaths in 2018. So, early diagnosis of cancer is critical for successful treatment. To date, several selective
and sensitive laboratory-based methods have been applied for the detection of circulating miRNA, but a simple,
short assay time and low-cost method such as a biosensor method as an alternative approach to monitor cancer
biomarker is required. In this review, we have highlighted recent advances in biosensors for circulating miRNA
detection.
Natural Cyclic Peptides as Clinical and Future Therapeutics
Authors: Bera Smritilekha , Mondal Dhananjoy
Published: January 2019

Natural cyclic peptides are conformationally constrained notable biomolecules and reveal several drug-like properties such as high binding affinity, metabolic stability, target selectivity, bioavailability, low toxicity and flexibility. They have attracted a lot of attention as alternative sources of new drugs to traditional small molecules in drug discovery. Compared to classical medicines, cyclic peptides with a novel mechanism of action are attractive for their potential therapeutic applications particularly for cancer therapy and several diseases caused by resistant and non-resistant bacteria, virus, and fungi. Herein, we provide an overview of the naturally occurring biologically active cyclic peptide therapeutic landscape, including promising candidates, which are under trial in different stages for future and/or clinically used drugs against different diseases. This will certainly be an essential resource for upcoming and existing researchers and scientists within industry and academia in medicinal, bioorganic, and natural product chemistry.
Clinical Characteristics and Antibiotic Resistance of Mycoplasma Pneumoniae Pneumonia in Hospitalized Chinese Children
Authors: Yuan Chen , Min Fang-Mei , Ling Yin-Jie , Li Gang , Ye Hong-Zhou , Pan Jia-Hui , Wang Ling , Xie Yan-Ping
Published: January 2019

Aim: To analyze the clinical characteristics and antibiotic resistance of Mycoplasma
pneumoniae pneumonia (MP) in Chinese patients, providing valuable information for the
management of patients with MP.

Methods:

A total of 120 children who were hospitalized in The First Hospital of Huzhou between
January and December 2016 for respiratory tract infection due to M. pneumoniae were enrolled in
this study. Infection with M. pneumoniae was confirmed by ELISA for M. pneumoniae antibody,
PCR, and throat culture. Antibiotic resistance was measured from the minimum inhibitory
concentrations (MICs) of antibiotics. The 23S rRNA gene of M. pneumoniae was also examined for
mutations using DNA sequencing. Patients with MP were classified into antibiotic resistance (n =
98) and no resistance (n = 20) groups. For the 98 patients showing antibiotic resistance, they were
further stratified into subgroups based on the antibiotics initially prescribed: azithromycin or
erythromycin (n = 78) and cephalosporin or penicillin (n = 20). Clinical characteristics were
compared between the patient groups.

Results:

Antibiotic resistance group presented significantly longer febrile days compared to the no
resistance group (P = 0.007). The number of febrile days after macrolide treatment was also longer
in antibiotic resistance group than in no resistance group (P = 0.042). MP patients initially treated
with azithromycin or erythromycin showed a longer average duration of respiratory symptoms (P =
0.046) and had a fever for more days after macrolide treatment (P = 0.009) compared to those
received cephalosporin or penicillin. The average white blood cell count of patients treated with
azithromycin or erythromycin was nearly half of those treated with cephalosporin or penicillin (P <
0.001). Nearly 90% of the resistant M. pneumoniae strains showed A to G substitution at position
2063 of the 23S rRNA gene.

Conclusion:

The clinical characteristics and antibiotic resistance of MP were analyzed in 120
Chinese patients. DNA sequencing revealed a highly prevalent A2063G mutation in the 23S rRNA
gene.
Isolation, Solid-state Structure Determination, In Silico and In Vitro Anticancer Evaluation of an Indole Amino Acid Alkaloid L-Abrine
Authors: Laskar Subrata , Espino Omar , Bandyopadhyay Debasish
Published: January 2019

Background:

Abrus precatorius Linn. (Kunch in Bengali) is widely spread in tropical and sub-tropical regions. It is a typical plant species which is well-known simultaneously as folk medicine and for its toxicity.

Objective:

Phytoceutical investigation of the white variety seeds of Abrus precatorius Linn.

Methods:

Traditional extraction, separation, isolation, and purification processes were followed. The structure was elucidated by various spectral analyses and the solid-state structure of this indolealkaloid was determined by X-ray crystallographic analysis. Docking interactions of L-abrine had been studied against ten major proteins, responsible for various types of cancers. In silico studies were done by Schrödinger Maestro, AutoDock4, PyMOL and AutoDock Vina. The protein structures were downloaded from Protein Data Bank. Sulforhodamine B (SRB) colorimetric assay was used for in vitro anticancer evaluation against four human cancer cell lines.

Results:

An indole-containing unusual amino acid alkaloid had been isolated from the white variety seeds of Abrus precatorius Linn. In silico docking studies demonstrated significant antiproliferative activity against four human cancer cell lines.

Conclusion:

The solid-state zwitterion structure of the indole-containing alkaloid (α-methylamino- β-indolepropionic acid, L-abrine) has been confirmed for the first time by X-ray crystallography. Highly promising in silico and in vitro results indicate that L-abrine may find its space in future anticancer drug discovery research.
In Vitro and In Vivo Profiles and Characterization of Insulin Nanocarriers Based in Flexible Liposomes Designed for Oral Administration
Authors: Ruiz Sara Melisa Arciniegas , Bernad Bernad María Josefa , Arellano Raquel Lopez , Torres Roberto Diaz , Del Carmen Caballero Chacón Sara , Estrada Dinorah Vargas
Published: January 2019

Background:

Alternatives routes of delivery for Insulin have been evaluated to improve
treatment for Diabetes Mellitus. The oral route is the most convenient physiologically; it releases in a
similar way to endogenous secretion. Flexible liposomes have deformable abilities to pass through
membranes with adequate therapeutic effects, but they have been tested only dermally.

Objective:

Our aim was to develop an oral nanocarrier based on flexible liposomes for insulin with
polymer addition to reduce gastrointestinal degradation.

Methods:

Different percentages of polyethylene glycol were added to a conventional formulation of
flexible liposomes. The manufacturing procedure was the heating method. Z potential, size particle,
polydispersity index and encapsulation percentage were evaluated. A release profile was performed
in the stomach and intestinal pH mediums by two-stage reverse dialysis method. The in-vivo test was
performed in experimental diabetic rats by oral, transdermal and subcutaneous routes.

Results:

All the formulations showed polydispersity but adequate Z potential. The 10% PEG
formulation obtained the best insulin enclosure with 81.9%. The insulin integrity after preparation
was confirmed by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. PEG and non-PEG formulations showed
similar behavior in acid release profile but the release and stability of lipid structures were better and
longer in intestinal pH conditions. In vivo tests showed a reduction to normal glucose levels only in
subcutaneous route.

Conclusion:

The polymer inclusion in flexible liposomes generates an adequate nanocarrier for
proteins in terms of stability and composition; although its in-vivo use reduces glucose levels in
subcutaneous route, the effect was not adequate in oral route.
Desirability Based Optimization of New Mesalazine Modified Release Formulations: Compression Coated Tablets and Mini Tablets in Capsules
Authors: Vlachou Marilena , Siamidi Angeliki , Dotsikas Yannis
Published: January 2019

Background:

Mesalazine (5-aminosalicylic acid, 5-ASA) is a drug substance with an antiinflammatory
activity, which is mainly used in the symptomatic treatment of diseases, such as
Ulcerative Colitis, the Crohn's disease and the idiopathic inflammatory bowel disease. Mesalazine
exerts its effect locally in the inflamed area of the intestine and not through systematic absorption,
therefore the investigation of its release characteristics from solid pharmaceutical formulations is of
great importance.

Objective:

The development of novel mesalazine modified release formulations with improved
properties, regarding drug release in the gastrointestinal tract, by utilisation of the Design of
Experiments (DoE) approach.

Methods:

D-optimal experimental design was applied. A Simplex Lattice mixture design was used
for the development of suitable capsules containing 4 mini tablets and a D-optimal mixture design
was used for compression-coated tablets, with the following characteristics: ≤10% release in 2 h, to
minimize its degradation in the upper gastrointestinal tract, 20-40% release in 5 h for mesalazine
administration in the small intestine, and quantitative release in 12 h for colonic delivery. The
dissolution experiments were conducted in gastrointestinal-like fluids and pectinases to simulate the
pectinolytic enzymes present in the colon.

Results:

The optimal compositions were reached via the desirability function, as a compromise to the
different responses. The optimal solutions for both formulations led to colon-specific delivery of the
active substance with minimal 5-ASA release in the upper gastrointestinal tract and appeared to
conform with the pre-determined characteristics. Hard gelatin capsules, when filled with mini-tablets
led to the aimed modified release profile, having sigmoidal characteristics and compression coated
tablets led to colonic delivery.

Conclusion:

Two novel mesalazine formulations were developed with the desirable colonic release,
by conducting a minimal number of experiments, as suggested by DoE experimental design.
Recent Progress in Solar Cell Technology for Low-Light Indoor Applications
Authors: Kim Soyeon , Jahandar Muhammad , Jeong Jae Hoon , Lim Dong Chan
Published: January 2019

Photovoltaic cells have recently attracted considerable attention for indoor energy harvesting
for low-power-consumption electronic products due to the rapid growth of the Internet of Things
(IoT). The IoT platform is being developed with a vision of connecting a variety of wireless electronic
devices, such as sensors, household products, and personal data storage devices, which will be able
to sense and communicate with their internal states or the external environment. A self-sustainable
power source is required to power such devices under low light indoor environments. Inorganic photovoltaic
cells show excellent device performance under 1 Sun illumination and dominate the market
for outdoor applications. However, their performance is limited for indoor applications with low incident
light intensities as they exhibit low photo-voltage. Among the emerging photovoltaic technologies,
organic photovoltaics have unique advantages, including solution processibility, flexibility,
and lightweight tailorable design; hence, they are considered the best solution for indoor light harvesting
applications due to their high photo-voltage, strong absorption of UV-visible wavelengths,
and a spectral response similar to that emitted by modern indoor lighting systems. In this review article,
we discuss the factors affecting device performance of different photovoltaic technologies under
low incident light intensities or indoor conditions and provide a comprehensive analysis of future opportunities
for enhancing indoor performance of the photovoltaic devices. Furthermore, we discuss
some of the results of semi-transparent organic solar cell which is operated under complex environmental
conditions like low illumination, incident light angle etc. Based on the results, one can suggest
that semi-transparent organic solar cell is more suitable for progressive indoor solar cell. After
highlighting the factors that limit indoor device performance of photovoltaic cells, we discuss potential
applications of IoT devices powered by organic photovoltaic cells in indoor lighting environments.
Maternal and Neonatal Effect of Fentanyl as a Premedication before Induction of General Anesthesia in Cesarean Surgery: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Randomized Clinical Trials
Authors: Musavi Mir Hadi , Jodeiri Behzad , Mirnia Keyvan , Ghojazadeh Morteza , Nikniaz Zeinab
Published: January 2019

Background:

Although, some clinical trials investigated the maternal and neonatal effect of fentanyl as a premedication before induction of general anesthesia in cesarean section, to the best of our knowledge, there is no systematic review to summarize these results.

Objectives:

The present systematic review and meta-analysis evaluated the maternal and neonatal effect of intravenous fentanyl as a premedication before induction of general anesthesia in cesarean section.

Methods:

The databases of Pubmed, Embase, Scopus and Cochrane library were searched till July 2017 to identify randomized clinical trials which evaluated the effects of intravenous fentanyl as a premedication before induction of general anesthesia compared with placebo on neonate first and fifth minute Apgar score and maternal heart rate and mean arterial pressure (MAP) in cesarean section. Standard Mean difference (SMD) was calculated and I-square statistic test was used for heterogeneity analysis.

Results:

The present systematic review and meta-analysis consisted of three clinical trials including 180 women in labor. Considering the results of meta-analysis, there is no significant differences between fentanyl and placebo in the case of Apgar score at 1 minute; however, the Apgar score of 5 minutes was significantly lower in fentanyl group compared with placebo (SMD -0.68, 95%CI: - 0.98, -0.38, p<0.001). In the term of maternal hemodynamics, the heart rate (SMD -0.43, 95%CI: - 0.72, -0.13, p=0.004) and MAP (SMD -0.78, 95% CI: -1.09, -0.48, p<0.001) in fentanyl group were significantly lower compared with placebo group.

Conclusion:

The present meta-analysis showed that using intravenous fentanyl as a premedication before induction of general anesthesia had adverse effects on neonate Apgar score. However, it had positive effects on preventing adverse consequences of intubation on maternal hemodynamics.
A Review on Electrospun Luminescent Nanofibers: Photoluminescence Characteristics and Potential Applications
Authors: George Gibin , Luo Zhiping
Published: January 2019

Background: Photoluminescent materials have been used for diverse applications in the fields of science and engineering, such as optical storage, biological labeling, noninvasive imaging, solid-state lasers, light-emitting diodes, theranostics/theragnostics, up-conversion lasers, solar cells, spectrum modifiers, photodynamic therapy remote controllers, optical waveguide amplifiers and temperature sensors. Nanosized luminescent materials could be ideal candidates in these applications.  Objective: This review is to present a brief overview of photoluminescent nanofibers obtained through electrospinning and their emission characteristics.  Methods: To prepare bulk-scale nanosized materials efficiently and cost-effectively, electrospinning is a widely used technique. By the electrospinning method, a sufficiently high direct-current voltage is applied to a polymer solution or melt; and at a certain critical point when the electrostatic force overcomes the surface tension, the droplet is stretched to form nanofibers. Polymer solutions or melts with a high degree of molecular cohesion due to intermolecular interactions are the feedstock. Subsequent calcination in air or specific gas may be required to remove the organic elements to obtain the desired composition.  Results: The luminescent nanofibers are classified based on the composition, structure, and synthesis material. The photoluminescent emission characteristics of the nanofibers reveal intriguing features such as polarized emission, energy transfer, fluorescent quenching, and sensing. An overview of the process, controlling parameters and techniques associated with electrospinning of organic, inorganic and composite nanofibers are discussed in detail. The scope and potential applications of these luminescent fibers also conversed.  Conclusion: The electrospinning process is a matured technique to produce nanofibers on a large scale. Organic nanofibers have exhibited superior fluorescent emissions for waveguides, LEDs and lasing devices, and inorganic nanofibers for high-end sensors, scintillators, and catalysts. Multifunctionalities can be achieved for photovoltaics, sensing, drug delivery, magnetism, catalysis, and so on. The potential of these nanofibers can be extended but not limited to smart clothing, tissue engineering, energy harvesting, energy storage, communication, safe data storage, etc. and it is anticipated that in the near future, luminescent nanofibers will find many more applications in diverse scientific disciplines.
Contemporary Formulations for Drug Delivery of Anticancer Bioactive Compounds
Authors: Ackova Darinka G. , Smilkov Katarina , Bosnakovski Darko
Published: January 2019

Background: The immense development in the field of anticancer research has led to an increase in the research of bioactive compounds with anticancer potential. It has been known that many bioactive natural compounds have low solubility (and low bioavailability) as their main drawback when it comes to the formulation and drug delivery to specific sites.

Objective:

As many attempts have been made to overcome this issue, this review gives a summary of the current accomplishments regarding the development of new Drug Delivery Systems (DDSs) represented by nanoparticles (NPs) and exosomes.

Methods:

We analyzed the published data concerning selected compounds that present the most prominent plant secondary metabolites with anticancer potential, specifically flavone (quercetin), isoflavone (genistein and curcumin) and stilbene (resveratrol) groups that have been formulated as NPs and exosomes. In addition, we summarized the patent literature published from 2015-2018 that address these formulations.

Results:

Although the exact mechanism of action for the selected natural compounds still remains unclear, the anticancer effect is evident and the main research efforts are directed to finding the most suitable delivery systems. Recent patents in this field serve as evidence that these newly designed natural compound delivery systems could be powerful new anticancer agents in the very near future if the noted difficulties are overcome.

Conclusion:

The focus of recent research is not only to clarify the exact mechanisms of action and therapeutic effects, but also to answer the issue of suitable delivery systems that can transport sufficient doses of bioactive compounds to the desired target.
GMSA: A Data Sharing System for Multiple Sequence Alignment Across Multiple Users
Authors: Bai Na , Tang Shanjiang , Yu Ce , Fu Hao , Wang Chen , Chen Xi
Published: January 2019

Background:

In recent years, the rapid growth of biological datasets in Bioinformatics has made the computation of Multiple Sequence Alignment (MSA) become extremely slow. Using the GPU to accelerate MSA has shown to be an effective approach. Moreover, there is a trend that many bioinformatic researchers or institutes setup a shared server for remote users to submit MSA jobs via provided web-pages or tools.

Objective:

Given the fact that different MSA jobs submitted by users often process similar datasets, there can be an opportunity for users to share their computation results between each other, which can avoid the redundant computation and thereby reduce the overall computing time. Furthermore, in the heterogeneous CPU/GPU platform, many existing applications assign their computation on GPU devices only, which leads to a waste of the CPU resources. Co-run computation can increase the utilization of computing resources on both CPUs and GPUs by dispatching workloads onto them simultaneously.

Methods:

In this paper, we propose an efficient MSA system called GMSA for multi-users on shared heterogeneous CPU/GPU platforms. To accelerate the computation of jobs from multiple users, data sharing is considered in GMSA due to the fact that different MSA jobs often have a percentage of the same data and tasks. Additionally, we also propose a scheduling strategy based on the similarity in datasets or tasks between MSA jobs. Furthermore, co-run computation model is adopted to take full use of both CPUs and GPUs.

Results:

We use four protein datasets which were redesigned according to different similarity. We compare GMSA with ClustalW and CUDA-ClustalW in multiple users scenarios. Experiments results showed that GMSA can achieve a speedup of up to 32X.

Conclusion:

GMSA is a system designed for accelerating the computation of MSA jobs with shared input datasets on heterogeneous CPU/GPU platforms. In this system, a strategy was proposed and implemented to find the common datasets among jobs submitted by multiple users, and a scheduling algorithm is presented based on it. To utilize the overall resource of both CPU and GPU, GMSA employs the co-run computation model. Results showed that it can speed up the total computation of jobs efficiently.
Adsorptive-removal of Bromothymol Blue as Acidic-dye Probe from Water Solution Using Latvian Sphagnum Peat Moss: Thermodynamic Assessment, Kinetic and Isotherm Modeling
Authors: Lubbad Said Hassan , Abu Al-Roos Balsam Kamal , Kodeh Fawzi Suliman
Published: January 2019

A green and environmental–friendly method for the removal of the hazardous bromothymol
blue from aqueous solution was considered applying a hydrophilic, biocompatible and biodegradable
natural sorbent of Latvian sphagnum peat moss, applying shaking-dispersive solid-phase extraction.
First, the influence of shaking speed was evaluated at 300, 600, 900 U. Furthermore, the optimum
conditions of dye-adsorption, such as pH, adsorption-equilibrium contact time, adsorbent mass, and
adsorbate initial concentration were investigated. In addition, the adsorption equilibrium isotherms,
thermodynamics, and kinetics were studied. Thus, the optimum removal of bromothymol blue was
concluded at a shaking speed of 600 U. Regarding the dye adsorption at different pH, bromothymol
blue showed two removal maxima at acidic (pH 2.5) and almost neutral (pH 7.5) media, reaching
dye % removal of 80.8 and 88.2 %, respectively, in 120 min of adsorption equilibrium contact time.
Moreover, the dye removal improved reasonably by increasing the concentration and the sphagnum
dose. Additionally, the equilibrium isotherm plot correlated comparably to Langmuir's and Freundlich's
models. Also, the adsorption kinetic study demonstrated a better correlation to pseudo-secondorder
plot than to pseudo-first-order one. Finally, excellent reproducibility in % removal was demonstrated
with RSD values of 2.2 and 2.7% at pH of 7.5 and 2.5, respectively.
What is success?
Authors: Itoi Kiyu
Published: January 2019

Autoethnography allows us to “go beyond simply looking at the artifacts or just the surface and to focus much more on the personal, the hidden, and the less obvious” (Lapidus, Kaveh, & Hirano, 2013, p. 34), and it is becoming more important to illustrate a constructive relationship between diverse professional communities, as English as a global language acquire local identities and local professional communities develop socially situated pedagogical practices (Canagarajah, 2012). This paper explores identity negotiation of the author, a transnational EAL student and a teacher through an autoethnography. Using concept of “audibility”, “agency”, “nobody”, and “somebody” (Kettle, 2005) and communities of practice (Lave & Wenger, 1991; Wenger, 1998), this paper unpacks the complexity of identity negotiation of an EAL student, and how it affected her teaching. It also provides an opportunity to rethink the definition of success.
Lifelong Learning
Authors: Graves Mackenzie Robinson
Published: January 2019

The struggles faced by elder learners suffering from age-related cognitive decline are often overlooked by instructional designers. However, existing educational theories that already inform learning strategy development for other populations should also help establish instructional methods used to help elder learners. In this article, cognitive load theory frames an exploration of proposed means to slow or counteract the effects of age-related cognitive decline in elder learners. Attention is given to the ways in which multimedia learning methods adhering to certain principles of cognitive load theory can increase available working memory capacity. Evidence is provided to show that cognitive load theory-based practices can also facilitate one’s activation of prior knowledge and betters one’s attentional control. Additionally, elder learners benefit from tasks that include worked examples and goal-free problems, whereas conventional, goal-oriented problems impose greater extraneous load on an already taxed working memory. The outcomes of the present analysis can also be applied to stroke victims’ rehabilitation plans and may offer implications for individuals suffering from other brain injuries, attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder, or dementia-related illnesses.
Faux Connaître: Getting It and Not Getting It
Authors: Banack Hartley , Broom Catherine , Bai Heesoon
Published: January 2019

Borders not only limit contact and exchange but they often connect and create ways of communication and interaction. To establish and maintain both limits and contact, power must come into play. Thus borders act as a “technology of power,” to use Foucault’s terminology. While the Foucauldian decentralization of power from institutionalized centres does not directly comment on ethics of power, it helps us to understand better the complexity of ethical relationships that emerge from the workings of power through a myriad of borders. This panel will consider Foucauldian perspectives on how power might operate within a proposal of education with/out borders, especially as it might pertain to our Faculty of Education at Simon Fraser University. Panellists will be asked to discuss the following questions: 1) Might Foucault’s works ever suggest a possibility of living without borders and limits? What is the implication of this question for an educational institution like ours? 2) What could a notion of ‘without’ imply in terms of a utopian dream and an epistemological negation that posits and positions power relations?
of non.verifiable truths and other existent.ial celebrations
Authors: Elza Daniela
Published: January 2019

No abstract provided
Learning Together 2013: Panel Discussion
Authors: Beck Kumari
Published: January 2019

There was a Panel Discussion moderated by Dr. Kumari Beck on International Education at the 2013 Learning Together Conference. The video of the panel discussion is located on Vimeo via the following link: http://vimeo.com/80394883
Preparing for the Changing Faces of Education: Effective Professional Development Models
Authors: DeWith Yvonne
Published: January 2019

The face of education is constantly changing. The traditional classroom with rows of desks facing a chalkboard is being demolished and replaced with movable tables, Smart Boards and laptops, project-based learning, differentiated lessons and more authentic assessment. To be effective and to accommodate a rapidly changing educational system, teachers must be trained and equipped. Regardless of the innovation or change, the process of traveling from a novice to an expert teacher is an ongoing journey which requires adequate training. The question remains as to what is the most effective method of moving teachers along the trajectory from novice to expert. Research has shown how ineffective single “one-off” workshops are at resulting in real change in a teacher’s practice. Effective professional development to develop expertise in any area, however, should allow for sufficient time for practice, collaboration, self-reflection, and constructive feedback.
A Dialogue on Inquiry
Authors: Campbell Cary Lorne
Published: January 2019

I seek to demonstrate how Peirce’s ‘pragmatic maxim’ can be used to inform a model of inquiry (and thus of thought) that extends knowledge seeking beyond deterministic goals and end-results. My hope is that recognizing the essential open-endedness of the pragmatic conceptions of understanding, truth, reality and cognition, can be used to foster a discourse that places thought and reflectiveness itself (that is apart from any ulterior motivations) in a central role. In the archaic form of a fictional dialogue, I present Peirce’s “3 grades of clearness” as a ‘rough and ready’ pedagogical model that displays these values.
Little Wonderings
Authors: Tan Poh
Published: January 2019

Original poem by Poh Tan.
Characterizing Participation and Perceived Engagement Benefits in an Integrated Digital Behavioral Health Recovery Community for Women: A Cross-Sectional Survey (Preprint)
Authors: Curtis Brenda , Bergman Brandon , Brown Austin , McDaniel Jessica , Harper Kristen , Eisenhart Emily , Hufnagel Mariel , Heller Anne Thompson , Ashford Robert
Published: January 2019

BACKGROUND

Research suggests that digital recovery support services (D-RSSs) may help support individual recovery and augment the availability of in-person supports. Previous studies highlight the use of D-RSSs in supporting individuals in recovery from substance use but have yet to examine the use of D-RSSs in supporting a combination of behavioral health disorders, including substance use, mental health, and trauma. Similarly, few studies on D-RSSs have evaluated gender-specific supports or integrated communities, which may be helpful to women and individuals recovering from behavioral health disorders.

OBJECTIVE

The goal of this study was to evaluate the SHE RECOVERS (SR) recovery community, with the following 3 aims: (1) to characterize the women who engage in SR (including demographics and recovery-related characteristics), (2) describe the ways and frequency in which participants engage with SR, and (3) examine the perception of benefit derived from engagement with SR.

METHODS

This study used a cross-sectional survey to examine the characteristics of SR participants. Analysis of variance and chi-square tests, as well as univariate logistic regressions, were used to explore each aim.

RESULTS

Participants (N=729, mean age 46.83 years; 685/729, 94% Caucasian) reported being in recovery from a variety of conditions, although the most frequent nonexclusive disorder was substance use (86.40%, n=630). Participants had an average length in recovery (LIR) of 6.14 years (SD 7.87), with most having between 1 and 5 years (n=300). The most frequently reported recovery pathway was abstinence-based 12-step mutual aid (38.40%). Participants reported positive perceptions of benefit from SR participation, which did not vary by LIR or recovery pathway. Participants also had high rates of agreement, with SR having a positive impact on their lives, although this too did vary by recovery length and recovery pathway. Participants with 1 to 5 years of recovery used SR to connect with other women in recovery at higher rates, whereas those with less than 1 year used SR to ask for resources at higher rates, and those with 5 or more years used SR to provide support at higher rates. Lifetime engagement with specific supports of SR was also associated with LIR and recovery pathway.

CONCLUSIONS

Gender-specific and integrated D-RSSs are feasible and beneficial from the perspective of participants. D-RSSs also appear to provide support to a range of recovery typologies and pathways in an effective manner and may be a vital tool for expanding recovery supports for those lacking in access and availability because of geography, social determinants, or other barriers.