bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Complex formation equilibria between cholesterol and diosgenin analogues in monolayers determined by the Langmuir method
Authors: Janicka Katarzyna , Jastrzebska Izabella , Petelska Aneta Dorota
Published: November 2018

The purpose of this study was to investigate the interaction between diosgenin analogues [DioA: diosgenin acetate (DAc) and (25R)-5α,6β-dihydroxyspirostan-3β-ol acetate (DSol)] and cholesterol (Ch) monolayers at the air/water interface. The surface tension of pure and mixed lipid monolayers at 22 °C was measured by using the Langmuir method with a Teflon trough and a Nima 9002 tensiometer. The surface tension values were used to calculate the π–A isotherms and to determine the molecular surface areas. The interactions between Ch and each DioA resulted in significant deviations from the additivity rule. The theory described in this work was used to determine the stability constants, the areas occupied by one molecule of Ch–DAc or Ch–DSol, and the complex formation energy (Gibbs free energy) values.
Characteristics of vocalisations recorded from free-ranging Shepherd's beaked whales, Tasmacetus shepherdi
Authors: Leunissen Eva M. , Webster Trudi , Rayment William
Published: November 2018

Beaked whales (family Ziphiidae) are among the least studied of all the large mammals. This is especially true of Shepherd's beaked whale (Tasmacetus shepherdi), which until recently had been very rarely sighted alive, with nothing known about the species' acoustic behaviour. Vocalisations of Shepherd's beaked whales were recorded using a hydrophone array on two separate days during marine mammal surveys of the Otago submarine canyons in New Zealand. After carefully screening the recordings, two distinct call types were found; broadband echolocation clicks, and burst pulses. Broadband echolocation clicks (n = 476) had a median inter-click-interval (ICI) of 0.46 s and median peak frequency of 19.2 kHz. The burst pulses (n = 33) had a median peak frequency of constituent clicks (n = 1741) of 14.7 kHz, and median ICI of 11 ms. These results should be interpreted with caution due to the limited bandwidth used to record the signals. To the authors' knowledge, this study presents the first analysis of the characteristics of Shepherd's beaked whale sounds. It will help with identification of the species in passive acoustic monitoring records, and future efforts to further analyse this species' vocalisations.
Phase transition during film blowing of LDPE. Part II: Assessment of continuum and microstructure models
Authors: Dietz Wolfgang
Published: November 2018

The microstructure model of Doufas and McHugh [J. Rheol. 45, 1085-1104 (2001)] for film blowing of low density polyethylene which uses a modified Giesekus constitutive equation with conformation tensor for the melt and the rigid-rod model with an orientation tensor for the semicrystalline phase is investigated in this study. It is compared with the continuum model describing the melt with a multimode Giesekus equation and the semicrystalline phase as a modified Hookean solid. The phase transition in both models is governed by the crystallization which in the case of the microstructure model affects the relaxation times of the two phases. The comparison of the two models illustrates similarities, but also distinct differences. The bubble geometry and velocity calculated with the two models are almost the same. The orientation tensors determined for the two models also follow a similar evolution. The two models predict very different stresses in the semicrystalline phase during the transition. The microstructure model forecasts stresses in the semicrystalline phase starting from zero when crystallization begins. The continuum model uses the stresses in the melt as the starting point for the stresses in the semicrystalline phase. This seems to be more realistic and is the reason why the continuum model is favored for future investigations.
Bidirectional Associations Between Adiposity, Sedentary Behavior, and Physical Activity: A Longitudinal Study in Children
Authors: Tanaka Chiaki , Janssen Xanne , Pearce Mark , Parkinson Kathryn , Basterfield Laura , Adamson Ashley , Reilly John J.
Published: November 2018

Background: Previous studies have reported on the associations between obesity and sedentary behavior (SB) or physical activity (PA) in children. This study examined longitudinal and bidirectional associations between adiposity and SB and PA in children. Methods: Participants were 356 children in England. PA was measured at 7 and 9 years of age using accelerometry. Outcome and exposures were time in SB and PAs and concurrent body mass index z score and fat index (FI). Results: Adiposity at baseline was positively associated with changes in SB (β = 0.975 for FI) and negatively associated with changes in moderate to vigorous PA (β = −0.285 for body mass index z score, β = −0.607 for FI), vigorous PA (β = −0.095 for FI), and total PA (β = −48.675 for FI), but not vice versa. The changes in SB, moderate to vigorous PA, and total PA for children with overweight/obesity were significantly more adverse than those for children with healthy weight. Conclusions: A high body mass index z score or high body fatness at baseline was associated with lower moderate to vigorous PA and vigorous PA after 2 years, but not vice versa, which suggests that in this cohort adiposity influenced PA and SB, but the associations between adiposity and SB or PA were not bidirectional.
Ancient DNA tracks migrations around Americas
Authors: Wade Lizzie
Published: November 2018

Trove of new samples reveals expansion of Clovis hunters and mysterious 9000-year-old population turnover.
Quantifying the contribution of recessive coding variation to developmental disorders
Authors: Martin Hilary C. , Jones Wendy D. , McIntyre Rebecca , Sanchez-Andrade Gabriela , Sanderson Mark , Stephenson James D. , Jones Carla P. , Handsaker Juliet , Gallone Giuseppe , Bruntraeger Michaela , McRae Jeremy F. , Prigmore Elena , Short Patrick , Niemi Mari , Kaplanis Joanna , Radford Elizabeth J. , Akawi Nadia , Balasubramanian Meena , Dean John , Horton Rachel , Hulbert Alice , Johnson Diana S. , Johnson Katie , Kumar Dhavendra , Lynch Sally Ann , Mehta Sarju G. , Morton Jenny , Parker Michael J. , Splitt Miranda , Turnpenny Peter D. , Vasudevan Pradeep C. , Wright Michael , Bassett Andrew , Gerety Sebastian S. , Wright Caroline F. , FitzPatrick David R. , Firth Helen V. , Hurles Matthew E. , Barrett Jeffrey C. ,   on behalf of the Deciphering Developmental Disorders Study
Published: November 2018

Genetic architecture of developmental disorders

The genetics of developmental disorders (DDs) is complex. Martin
et al.
wanted to determine the degree of recessive inheritance of DDs in protein-coding genes. They examined the exomes of more than 6000 families in populations with high and low proportions of consanguineous marriages. They found that 3.6% of DDs in individuals of European ancestry involved recessive coding disorders, less than a tenth of the levels previously estimated. Furthermore, among South Asians with high parental relatedness, rather than most of the disorders arising from inherited variants, fewer than half had a recessive coding diagnosis.

Science
, this issue p.
1161
Heterogeneity in efflux pump expression predisposes antibiotic-resistant cells to mutation
Authors: El Meouche Imane , Dunlop Mary J.
Published: November 2018

Efflux pumps and mutation

Antibiotic resistance is an alarming and growing challenge. Bacteria show great heterogeneity in growth and mutation rates. Such variability allows some cells to persist during transient antibiotic exposure. During this persistent phase, mutations accumulate, which can result in selection for full-blown antibiotic resistance. El Meouche and Dunlop found that increased expression of efflux pumps on some cells affords them some relief from antibiotic toxicity. But up-regulating efflux pumps is costly for the bacteria, reducing growth rate and expression of MutS, a protein involved in DNA mismatch repair. These changes thus lift the lid on increased levels of bacterial mutation.

Science
, this issue p.
686
Whose science? A new era in regulatory “science wars”
Authors: Wagner Wendy , Fisher Elizabeth , Pascual Pasky
Published: November 2018

Proposed reforms show a clear break with historical norms
Why conservatives abandoned conservation
The Republican Reversal
James Morton Turner and Andrew C. Isenberg
Harvard University Press, 2018. 280 pp.
Authors: Woods Neal D.
Published: November 2018

Today's Republicans see environmental problems, and those raising the alarm, differently
Scaling up solid-state quantum photonics
Authors: Lodahl Peter
Published: November 2018

Radiative coupling creates an entangled state between two silicon vacancies in diamond
Recruiting more proteins to the RNA world
Authors: Scott William G. , Nagai Kiyoshi
Published: November 2018

A primordial but still essential ribozyme co-opts proteins as it evolves
cis
-Acting Determinant Limiting Expression of Sphingomyelinase Gene
sph2
in Leptospira interrogans, Identified with a
gfp
Reporter Plasmid
Authors: Matsunaga James , Haake David A.
Published: November 2018

Genetic tools are needed to examine gene expression in the pathogen
Leptospira interrogans
. We developed a reporter plasmid that replicates in
L. interrogans
with green fluorescent protein (GFP) as the readout of promoter activity. We demonstrated an application of the new reporter plasmid by identifying an upstream element responsible for the poor basal expression of the
sph2
sphingomyelinase gene in an
L. interrogans
serovar Lai strain. This new tool is useful for the discovery of the molecular determinants of
L. interrogans
gene expression.
Crustacean Genome Exploration Reveals the Evolutionary Origin of White Spot Syndrome Virus
Authors: Kawato Satoshi , Shitara Aiko , Wang Yuanyuan , Nozaki Reiko , Kondo Hidehiro , Hirono Ikuo
Published: November 2018

WSSV is the deadliest viral pathogen threatening global shrimp aquaculture. The evolutionary history of WSSV has remained a mystery, because few WSSV relatives, or nimaviruses, had been reported. Our aim was to trace the history of WSSV using the genomes of novel nimaviruses hidden in host genome data. We demonstrate that WSSV emerged from a diverse family of crustacean-infecting large DNA viruses. By comparing the genomes of WSSV and its relatives, we show that WSSV possesses an expanded set of unique host-virus interaction-related genes. This extensive gene gain may have been the key genomic event that made WSSV such a deadly pathogen. Moreover, conservation of insect-infecting virus protein homologs suggests a common phylogenetic origin of crustacean-infecting
Nimaviridae
and other insect-infecting DNA viruses. Our work redefines the previously poorly characterized crustacean virus family and reveals the ancient genomic events that preordained the emergence of a devastating shrimp pathogen.
Interferon Alpha Enhances NK Cell Function and the Suppressive Capacity of HIV-Specific CD8+T Cells
Authors: Kwaa Abena K. R. , Talana Chloe A. G. , Blankson Joel N.
Published: November 2018

Data suggest that HIV+individuals unable to control infection fail to do so due to impaired cytokine production and/cytotoxic effector cell function. Consequently, the success of cure agendas such as the shock-and-kill strategy will probably depend on enhancing patient effector cell function. In this regard, NK cells are of particular interest since they complement the function of CD8+T cells. Here, we demonstrate the ability of short-course alpha interferon (IFN-α) treatments to effectively enhance such effector functions in chronic progressor NK cells without inhibiting their general CD8+T cell function. These results point to the possibility of exploring such short-course IFN-α treatments for the enhancement of effector cell function in HIV+patients in future cure strategies.
Deletion of both the Tyrosine-Based Endocytosis Signal and the Endoplasmic Reticulum Retrieval Signal in the Cytoplasmic Tail of Spike Protein Attenuates Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus in Pigs
Authors: Hou Yixuan , Meulia Tea , Gao Xiang , Saif Linda J. , Wang Qiuhong
Published: November 2018

Many coronaviruses (CoVs) possess conserved motifs YxxΦ and/or KxHxx/KKxx in the cytoplasmic tail of the S protein. The KxHxx/KKxx motif has been identified as the ER retrieval signal, but the function of the YxxΦ motif in the intracellular sorting of CoV S proteins remains controversial. In this study, we showed that the YxxΦ of PEDV S protein is an endocytosis signal. Furthermore, using reverse genetics technology, we evaluated its role in PEDV pathogenicity in neonatal piglets. Our results explain one attenuation mechanism of Vero cell-adapted PEDV variants lacking functional YxxΦ and KVHVQ motifs. Knowledge from this study may aid in the design of efficacious live attenuated vaccines against PEDV, as well as other CoVs bearing the same motif in their S protein.
Selective Editing of Herpes Simplex Virus 1 Enables Interferon Induction and Viral Replication That Destroy Malignant Cells
Authors: Liu Xing , He Bin
Published: November 2018

Oncolytic herpes simplex virus 1 is a promising agent for cancer immunotherapy. Due to a complex virus-host interaction, less is clear about what viral signature(s) constitutes a potent oncolytic backbone. Through molecular or genetic dissection, we showed that selective editing of the γ
1
34.5 gene enables viral replication in malignant cells, activation of transcription factor IRF3, and subsequent induction of type I IFN. This translates into profoundly reduced primary tumor growth and metastasis burden in an aggressive breast carcinoma model
in vivo
. Our work reveals a distinct oncolytic platform that is amendable for further development.
Cell-to-Cell Transmission Is the Main Mechanism Supporting Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus Spread in Cell Culture
Authors: Merwaiss Fernando , Czibener Cecilia , Alvarez Diego E.
Published: November 2018

BVDV causes one of the most economically important viral infections for the cattle industry. The virus is able to cross the placenta and infect the fetus, leading to the birth of persistently infected animals, which are reservoirs for the spread of BVDV. The occurrence of persistent infection has hampered the efficacy of vaccination because it requires eliciting levels of protection close to sterilizing immunity to prevent fetal infections. While vaccination prevents disease, BVDV can be detected if animals with neutralizing antibodies are challenged with the virus. Virus cell-to-cell transmission allows the virus to overcome barriers to free virus dissemination, such as antibodies or epithelial barriers. Here we show that BVDV exploits cell-cell contacts to propagate infection in a process that is resistant to antibody neutralization. Our results provide new insights into the mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of BVDV infection and can aid in the design of effective control strategies.
Infection and Functional Modulation of Human Monocytes and Macrophages by Varicella-Zoster Virus
Authors: Kennedy Jarrod J. , Steain Megan , Slobedman Barry , Abendroth Allison
Published: November 2018

Primary VZV infection results in the widespread dissemination of the virus throughout the host. Viral transportation is known to be directly influenced by susceptible immune cells in the circulation. Moreover, infection of immune cells by VZV results in attenuation of the antiviral mechanisms used to control infection and limit spread. Here, we provide evidence that human monocytes, which are highly abundant in the circulation, are permissive to productive VZV infection. Furthermore, monocyte-derived macrophages were also highly permissive to VZV infection, although VZV-infected monocytes were unable to differentiate into macrophages. Exploring the relationships between VZV and permissive immune cells, such as human monocytes and macrophages, elucidates novel immune evasion strategies and provides further insight into the control that VZV has over the immune system.
Genome Sequence of the Wine Yeast
Saccharomycodes ludwigii
UTAD17
Authors: Tavares Maria J. , Güldener Ulrich , Esteves Marcos , Mendes-Faia Arlete , Mendes-Ferreira Ana , Mira Nuno P.
Published: November 2018

This work describes, for the first time, the genome sequence of a
Saccharomycodes ludwigii
strain. Although usually seen as a wine spoilage yeast,
S. ludwigii
has been of interest for the production of fermented beverages because it harbors several interesting properties, including the production of beneficial aroma compounds.
Draft Genome Sequence of Helicobacter cinaedi, Compiled by Direct Whole-Genome Sequencing of a Blood Culture-Positive Isolate in Hong Kong
Authors: Chan Wai-Sing , Au Chun-Hang , Leung Henry Chi-Ming , Ho Dona N. , Chan Tsun-Leung , Lam Tak-Wah , Ma Edmond Shiu-Kwan , Tang Bone Siu-Fai
Published: November 2018

Isolation of
Helicobacter cinaedi
from a positive blood culture requires prolonged and stringent subculture conditions. Direct whole-genome sequencing (WGS) of a positive blood culture may provide timely treatment-associated genetic information.
Multispecies Transcriptomics Data Set of Brugia malayi, Its
Wolbachia
Endosymbiont
w
Bm, and Aedes aegypti across the B. malayi Life Cycle
Authors: Chung Matthew , Teigen Laura , Libro Silvia , Bromley Robin E. , Kumar Nikhil , Sadzewicz Lisa , Tallon Luke J. , Foster Jeremy M. , Michalski Michelle L. , Dunning Hotopp Julie C.
Published: November 2018

Here, we present a comprehensive transcriptomics data set of
Brugia malayi
, its
Wolbachia
endosymbiont
w
Bm, and its vector host. This study samples from 16 stages across the entire
B. malayi
life cycle, including stage 1 through 4 larvae, adult males and females, embryos, immature microfilariae, and mature microfilariae.
Complete Genome Sequence of Bacillus subtilis Strain WB800N, an Extracellular Protease-Deficient Derivative of Strain 168
Authors: Jeong Haeyoung , Jeong Da-Eun , Park Seung-Hwan , Kim Seong Joo , Choi Soo-Keun
Published: November 2018

Bacillus subtilis
WB800N is a genetically engineered variant of
B. subtilis
168, such that all extracellular proteases are disrupted, which enables WB800N to be widely used for the expression of secretory proteins. Here, we report the 4.2-Mb complete genome sequence of WB800N and present all of the disrupted gene structure.
Assessing characteristic value selection methods for design with load and resistance factor design (LRFD) — design robustness perspective
Authors: Shen Mengfen , Khoshnevisan Sara , Tan Xiaohui , Zhang Yongjie , Juang C. Hsein
Published: November 2018

An important step in load and resistance factor design (LRFD) is the selection of the characteristic values of uncertain soil parameters, which can be quite subjective despite the simplicity of LRFD. This paper assesses five statistical methods for the selection of characteristic values for design with LRFD, focusing on the design robustness. A framework based on the consideration of safety, cost, and design robustness is proposed for assessing these selection methods. This framework is illustrated with an example, the design of a drilled shaft in sand using LRFD, in which the best overall method for selecting the characteristic values is suggested. The implication of the outcome of this study is quite significant in geotechnical engineering practice, as it provides guidance on the selection of the characteristic values for design with LRFD.
Prediction of maximum permeate flux (%) of disc membrane using response surface methodology (RSM)
Authors: Banik Anirban , Dutta Suman , Bandyopadhyay Tarun Kanti , Biswal Sushant Kumar
Published: November 2018

The paper investigates increasing permeate flux (%) of the disc membrane which can improve the quality of rubber industrial effluent of Tripura. Response surface methodology was used to optimize the independent influencing parameters to improve the permeate flux. The effect of different influencing parameters like operating pressure, membrane pore size, and inlet feed velocity on membrane permeate flux were studied to determine the optimum operating conditions within the predefined boundary. The experiments were pre-planned and designed according to central composite rotatable design, and second-order polynomial regression model was developed for regression and analysis of variance study. Results show the membrane has maximum permeate flux (%) when the operating pressure is 14.50 Pa, pore size is 0.20 μm, and inlet feed velocity is 2.10 m/s. The Pareto analysis in the study established that the inlet velocity was the most influential parameter in the model equation.
Integrating management strategy evaluation into fisheries management: advancing best practices for stakeholder inclusion based on an MSE for Northeast US Atlantic herring,
Authors: Feeney R.G. , Boelke D.V. , Deroba J.J. , Gaichas S. , Irwin B.J. , Lee M.
Published: November 2018

The New England Fishery Management Council used management strategy evaluation (MSE) to evaluate possible harvest control rules for Atlantic herring (Clupea harengus), the first MSE in the US and perhaps globally to use open-invitation, public workshops for input. Stakeholder inclusion can increase both realism and likelihood of use by managers, but inclusivity is not achieved easily. Here, self-selected participants had diverse backgrounds and differing levels of interest and preparedness. We describe some challenges with directly engaging the public in MSE and offer broader insights for obtaining effective public participation during a decision-making process. Conducting an open MSE aligns well with publicly driven management but requires clear goals and communication. Investment in effective organizers, impartial facilitators, and knowledgeable analysts can improve communication and understanding of MSE to the betterment of fisheries management. We aim to further MSE best practices on integrating stakeholders and hope that our lessons learned on communication, engagement, and integration of MSE into an existing management arena will be useful to other practitioners.
Risk allocation: acute and chronic predator exposure have contrasting effects on Song Sparrow (Melospiza melodia) singing behaviour
Authors: Ellison Anne Margaret , Ydenberg Ron
Published: November 2018

Increasing the danger posed by predators may cause prey animals to alter their behaviour. For example, they may be more vigilant and so feed more slowly. Breeding male Song Sparrows (Melospiza melodia (A. Wilson, 1810)) spend much time in conspicuous, loud song, which is an important behaviour for territorial defense and for mate attraction. We measured their singing behaviour in relation to both chronic (active Cooper’s Hawk (Accipiter cooperii (Bonaparte, 1828)) nest nearby) and acute (playback of hawk calls) predator exposure. We found that proximity to a Cooper’s Hawk nest had little or no influence. In contrast, the response to acute exposure was strong and immediate: Song Sparrows reduced the song rate and the proportion of time spent singing, lowered perch height, and increased concealment. The decline in the amount of song during the few minutes following playback attributable to the acute exposure was 34.6%. We analyze these results in light of theories about how animals adjust risk taking in response to predation danger. Given that the numbers of their predators have risen steadily for the past few decades and affect the level of singing, we consider the implications for trend estimates of songbird populations based on surveys using auditory methods.
Two-dimensional Schrödinger operators with point interactions: Threshold expansions, zero modes and Lp-boundedness of wave operators
Authors: Cornean Horia D. , Michelangeli Alessandro , Yajima Kenji
Published: November 2018

We study the threshold behavior of two-dimensional Schrödinger operators with finitely many local point interactions. We show that the resolvent can either be continuously extended up to the threshold, in which case we say that the operator is of regular type, or it has singularities associated with [Formula: see text] or [Formula: see text]-wave resonances or even with an embedded eigenvalue at zero, for whose existence we give necessary and sufficient conditions. An embedded eigenvalue at zero may appear only if we have at least three centers.

When the operator is of regular type, we prove that the wave operators are bounded in [Formula: see text] for all [Formula: see text]. With a single center, we always are in the regular type case.
Seeing relativity-I: Ray tracing in a Schwarzschild metric to explore the maximal analytic extension of the metric and making a proper rendering of the stars
Authors: Riazuelo Alain
Published: November 2018

We present an implementation of a ray tracing code in the Schwarzschild metric. We aim at building a numerical code with a correct implementation of both special (aberration, amplification and Doppler) and general (deflection of light, lensing and gravitational redshift) relativistic effects so as to simulate what an observer with arbitrary velocity would see near, or possibly within, the black hole. We also pay some specific attention to perform a satisfactory rendering of stars. Using this code, we then show several unexplored features of the maximal analytical extension of the metric. In particular, we study the aspect of the second asymptotic region of the metric as seen by an observer crossing the horizon. We also address several aspects related to the white hole region (i.e. past singularity) seen both from outside the black hole, inside the future horizon and inside the past horizon, which gives rise to the most counter-intuitive effects.
Thermodynamics of general flat space and boson star quasi-local systems
Authors: Peng Yan , Fang Jianjun , Yi Shuangxi , Liu Guohua
Published: November 2018

We study thermodynamics of flat space/boson star systems enclosed in a scalar reflecting box with Stückelberg mechanism. We also disclose effects of model parameters on transitions and the properties appear to be qualitatively the same as those in holographic Stückelberg transitions. Moreover, we obtain a relation [Formula: see text] and the second-order characteristic exponent, which also hold in holographic superconductor theories. The similarity between quasi-local thermodynamic transitions and holographic transitions provides additional evidences that holographic theories may also exist in the quasi-local space.
A Framework for Users’ Attitude Prediction Based on Visual Features: Application to Movies Recommendations
Authors: Baazaoui Hajer , Haddad Mohamed Ramzi
Published: November 2018

Recommendation and personalisation approaches aim to filter the most interesting resources that may attract users’ personal interests and preferences by analysing their past attitudes and consumption patterns. The visual aspect of content constitutes an important factor that drives consumers’ attitudes and decisions. In this context, this work proposes a framework for users’ attitude prediction based on items’ visual descriptors and details one of its possible applications for movies recommendations. The main idea of our proposal is to model users’ interests and consumption behaviors using the movies’ posters images and extract features based on the visual descriptors of the items that they interact with, in order to better predict their attitudes towards the ones they do not know. The recommendation approach was integrated into a movies recommendation application that visually assists users while searching for relevant movies to watch, by finding similar movie posters based on the visual aspects of the poster image.
Endowing a Robotic Tutor with Empathic Qualities: Design and Pilot Evaluation
Authors: Obaid Mohammad , Aylett Ruth , Barendregt Wolmet , Basedow Christina , Corrigan Lee J. , Hall Lynne , Jones Aidan , Kappas Arvid , Küster Dennis , Paiva Ana , Papadopoulos Fotios , Serholt Sofia , Castellano Ginevra
Published: November 2018

As increasingly more research efforts are geared towards creating robots that can teach and interact with children in educational contexts, it has been speculated that endowing robots with artificial empathy may facilitate learning. In this paper, we provide a background to the concept of empathy, and how it factors into learning. We then present our approach to equipping a robotic tutor with several empathic qualities, describing the technical architecture and its components, a map-reading learning scenario developed for an interactive multitouch table, as well as the pedagogical and empathic strategies devised for the robot. We also describe the results of a pilot study comparing the robotic tutor with these empathic qualities against a version of the tutor without them. The pilot study was performed with 26 school children aged 10–11 at their school. Results revealed that children in the test condition indeed rated the robot as more empathic than children in the control condition. Moreover, we explored several related measures, such as relational status and learning effect, yet no other significant differences were found. We further discuss these results and provide insights into future directions.
2-Nilpotent-invariant modules
Authors: Quynh Truong Cong , Hai Phan The
Published: November 2018

A module which is invariant under automorphisms of its injective envelope is called an automorphism-invariant module. The class of automorphism-invariant modules was introduced and investigated by Lee and Zhou in 2013. In this paper, we study the class of modules which are invariant under all nilpotent endomorphisms of their injective envelopes of index two, such as modules are called 2-nilpotent-invariant. Many basic properties are obtained. For instance, it is proved that a nonsingular module [Formula: see text] is a weak duo 2-nilpotent-invariant module if and only if [Formula: see text] is a strongly regular ring. For the ring [Formula: see text] satisfying every cyclic right [Formula: see text]-module is 2-nilpotent-invariant, we prove that [Formula: see text], where [Formula: see text] are rings which satisfy [Formula: see text] is a semi-simple Artinian ring and [Formula: see text] is square-free as a right [Formula: see text]-module and all idempotents of [Formula: see text] is central.
Molecular characterization of a precision-cut rat liver slice model for the evaluation of antifibrotic compounds
Authors: Huang Xinqiang , Cai Hong , Ammar Ron , Zhang Yan , Wang Yihe , Ravi Kandasamy , Thompson John , Jarai Gabor
Published: November 2018

Precision-cut liver tissue slice (PCLS) contains all major cell types of the liver parenchyma and preserves the original cell-cell and cell-matrix contacts. It represents a promising ex vivo model to study liver fibrosis and test the antifibrotic effect of experimental compounds in a physiological environment. In this study using RNA sequencing, we demonstrated that various pathways functionally related to fibrotic mechanisms were dysregulated in PCLSs derived from rats subjected to bile duct ligation. The activin receptor-like kinase-5 (Alk5) inhibitor SB525334, nintedanib, and sorafenib each reversed a subset of genes dysregulated in fibrotic PCLSs, and of those genes we identified 608 genes whose expression was reversed by all three compounds. These genes define a molecular signature characterizing many aspects of liver fibrosis pathology and its attenuation in the model. A panel of 12 genes and 4 secreted biomarkers including procollagen I, hyaluronic acid (HA), insulin-like growth factor binding protein 5 (IGFBP5), and WNT1-inducible signaling pathway protein 1 (WISP1) were further validated as efficacy end points for the evaluation of antifibrotic activity of experimental compounds. Finally, we showed that blockade of αV-integrins with a small molecule inhibitor attenuated the fibrotic phenotype in the model. Overall, our results suggest that the rat fibrotic PCLS model may represent a valuable system for target validation and determining the efficacy of experimental compounds.

NEW & NOTEWORTHY We investigated the antifibrotic activity of three compounds, the activin receptor-like kinase-5 (Alk5) inhibitor SB525334, nintedanib, and sorafenib, in a rat fibrotic precision-cut liver tissue slice model using RNA sequencing analysis. A panel of 12 genes and 4 secreted biomarkers including procollagen I, hyaluronic acid (HA), insulin-like growth factor binding protein 5 (IGFBP5), and WNT1-inducible signaling pathway protein 1 (WISP1) were then established as efficacy end points to validate the antifibrotic activity of the αV-integrin inhibitor CWHM12. This study demonstrated the value of the rat fibrotic PCLS model for the evaluation of antifibrotic drugs.
Percutaneous Coronary Intervention in an 8-Month-Old Infant for Ostial Stenosis of a Reimplanted Left Main Coronary Artery
Authors: Cai Amanda , Kramer Courtney , Bandisode Rani , Fernandes Valerian L.
Published: November 2018

Percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) is a routine procedure undertaken in adult patients. In children, the procedure remains rare and challenging due to a multitude of factors including but not limited to complex congenital heart disease anatomy, catheter and stent to patient size mismatch, and lack of data for post-PCI antiplatelet therapy. We present a case of PCI in an 8-month-old infant with anomalous left coronary artery from pulmonary artery (ALCAPA) who developed severe ostial kinking of the left main coronary artery (LMCA) after surgical reimplantation of the anomalous coronary. A 3.5 × 8 mm Vision bare metal stent was successfully placed into the LMCA and postdilated with excellent results. Follow-up echocardiography at 6 months post-PCI demonstrated a patent stent with normal Doppler flow signals. Despite initial success, the infant developed severe heart failure and was listed for orthotopic heart transplantation at age 20 months, one year after PCI. Given the paucity of published data regarding PCI and outcomes in infants with ALCAPA after surgical reimplantation, we describe our case and present a review of the available literature.
Soil-Rock Slope Stability Analysis by Considering the Nonuniformity of Rocks
Authors: Liu Shunqing , Huang Xianwen , Zhou Aizhao , Hu Jun , Wang Wei
Published: November 2018

Soil-rock slopes are widely distributed around the world, while the commonly adopted method by simplifying it as a uniform media tends to be excessively conservative. In this study, a slope stability analysis method considering the nonuniform characteristics of rocks was proposed. It was found that the distribution, relative position, and shape of rock have significant effect on slope stability. For the influence of distribution, large rocks at the foot of slope have the most significant effect on slope stability while the effect is insignificant when the rocks are on the slope surface. In terms of the relative position of rocks, four plastic expansion modes of bypass, diversion, inclusion, and penetration were put forward through the analysis on the expansion mode of the plastic zone. Moreover, rock shape also has influence on slope stability.
Comprehensive Modification Technology of Involute Spur Gear Based on Optimal Transmission Performance
Authors: Zhang Guopeng , Li Xueyi , Wang Ningning , Zeng Qingliang , Shen Xiao
Published: November 2018

There are some issues that should be solved like load shock, vibration, and uneven load distribution during transmission of involute spur gears. However, common modification methods such as axial modification as well as profile modification could not solve these problems once for all. Hence, a novel method of comprehensive modification was proposed, and the evaluation methodology of transmission performance was drawn up too. Changing modification parameters can control transmission performance of gear unit, which can generate many different modification ways. Besides, based on the orthogonal experiment method and evaluation methodology, optimal modification ways can be chosen for gear pairs working in different conditions. Taking a set of spur gear pair as an example, an ideal modification way was obtained. In addition, analysis results verified that conducting comprehensive modification could enhance the meshing performance once for all.
α-Tocopherol Ameliorates Redox Equilibrium and Reduces Inflammatory Response Caused by Chronic Variable Stress
Authors: Herbet Mariola , Izdebska Magdalena , Piątkowska-Chmiel Iwona , Gawrońska-Grzywacz Monika , Natorska-Chomicka Dorota , Pawłowski Kamil , Sysa Marcin , Ślaska Brygida , Dudka Jarosław
Published: November 2018

Chronic exposure to stress factors contributes to the development of depression by generating excess of reactive oxygen species which leads to oxidative stress and inflammatory processes. The aim of the study was to assess the potential protective properties of α-tocopherol supplementation on the rats exposed to chronic variable stress (CVS). Male Wistar rats (50-55 days old, weighing 200-250 g) were divided into three groups (n=10): control, stressed, and stressed and receiving (+)-α-tocopherol solution in a dose of 100 mg/kg/day. Rats in the stressed groups were exposed to CVS for 40 days. Markers of redox disorders (glutathione reduced and oxidized levels, GSH/GSSG ratio, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase activities, total antioxidant status, and lipid peroxidation) and inflammatory response (IL-1β, IL6, and TNF-α) were determined in the blood. Additionally, molecular biomarkers of depression (expression of Fkbp5 and Tph2) were studied in hippocampus. The biochemical analysis was inconclusive about the presence of oxidative stress in the blood of rats exposed to CVS. However, changes in all parameters suggest presence of redox equilibrium disorders. Similarly, activation of inflammatory processes was observed as a result of CVS. Molecular effects of environmental stress in hippocampus were also observed. Generally, α-tocopherol ameliorated redox equilibrium disorders, tempered inflammatory response, and protected from changes in determined molecular markers of depression.
Role of Adaptive and Innate Immunity in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Zhou Tong , Hu Zheng , Yang Shuo , Sun Lin , Yu Zhenxiang , Wang Guixia
Published: November 2018

After the recognition of the essential role of the immune system in the progression of type 2 diabetes mellitus, more studies are focused on the effects produced by the abnormal differentiation of components of the immune system. In patients suffering from obesity or T2DM, there were alterations in proliferation of T cells and macrophages, and impairment in function of NK cells and B cells, which represented abnormal innate and adaptive immunity. The abnormality of either innate immunity, adaptive immunity, or both was involved and interacted with each other during the progression of T2DM. Although previous studies have revealed the functional involvement of T cells in T2DM, and the regulation of metabolism by the innate or adaptive immune system during the pathogenesis of T2DM, there has been a lack of literature reviewing the relevant role of adaptive and innate immunity in the progression of T2DM. Here, we will review their relevant roles, aiming to provide new thought for the development of immunotherapy in T2DM.
Seismic Response of Anchor + Hinged Block Ecological Slope by Shaking Table Tests
Authors: Su Hui , Hang Yijun , Song Yongsheng , Mao Kunming , Wu Dongyue , Qiu Xiao
Published: November 2018

Landslides caused by earthquakes and other natural disasters may cause serious economic and personal losses. Slope protections are usually applied in engineering practice to prevent significant slope slides and damages. Based on the mechanical and ecological requirements on slope protections, this paper put forward a new type of anchor + hinged block ecological slope and carried out shaking table tests on it and other three traditional slope protections for comparing. By shaking table tests, the acceleration amplification factors and Fourier amplitude spectrums of four different slope types are analyzed and compared to verify the suitability of this new slope protection under earthquakes. The results indicated that the natural frequency and the acceleration Fourier amplitude spectrum of the four tested slope protections change according to internal materials. The anchor + hinged block ecological slope has higher natural frequency comparing to traditional slopes, so the resonance cycle from earthquake excitation can effectively be avoided and as a result the anchor + hinged block ecological slope can achieve better seismic performance.
Effectiveness and Safety of Intravitreal Dexamethasone Implant (Ozurdex) in Patients with Diabetic Macular Edema: A Real-World Experience
Authors: Mello Filho Paulo , Andrade Gabriel , Maia Andre , Maia Mauricio , Biccas Neto Laurentino , Muralha Neto Acacio , Moura Brasil Oswaldo , Minelli Eduardo , Dalloul Claudio , Iglicki Matias
Published: November 2018

Introduction: There are few real-life studies on the intravitreal 0.7-mg dexamethasone implant for the treatment of diabetic macular edema (DME) conducted in Latin America. We aimed to assess the effectiveness and safety of this implant in clinical practice. Methods: Twenty-seven centers from Brazil and one from Argentina provided information on patients with DME treated with Ozurdex. The efficacy outcome variables were best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) in Snellen and central retinal thickness (CRT). Safety was assessed by the elevation in intraocular pressure (IOP), occurrence of cataracts, and adverse events. Results: A total of 329 eyes (both treated cases and naïve eyes) from 282 patients underwent treatment. The time since diagnosis of DME ranged from 1 to 156 months. The median BCVA was 0.7 logMAR/50 letters at baseline and 0.3 logMAR/70 letters after treatment (both p < 0.001). Median CRT values decreased from 425 µm at baseline to 270 µm after treatment (p < 0.001). Increases in IOP of at least 10 mm Hg were observed in 7.4% of eyes, and 4% of eyes had cataract evolution. No cases of endophthalmitis were reported. Conclusion: These real-life results suggest that the intravitreal dexamethasone implant is effective and safe for eyes with DME.
Neonatal Glycaemia and Neurodevelopmental Outcomes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Shah Rajesh , Harding Jane , Brown Julie , McKinlay Christopher
Published: November 2018

Background: Hypoglycaemia is the most common metabolic problem in neonates but there is no universally accepted threshold for safe blood glucose concentrations due to uncertainty regarding effects on neurodevelopment. Objective: To systematically assess the association between neonatal hypoglycaemia on neurodevelopment outcomes in childhood and adolescence. Methods: We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, and PsycINFO from inception until February 2018. We included studies that reported one or more prespecified outcomes and compared children exposed to neonatal hypoglycaemia with children not exposed. Studies of neonates with congenital malformations, inherited metabolic disorders and congenital hyperinsulinism were excluded. Two authors independently extracted data using a customized form. We used ROBINS-I to assess risk of bias, GRADE for quality of evidence, and REVMAN for meta-analysis (inverse variance, fixed effects). Results: 1,665 studies were screened, 61 reviewed in full, and 11 included (12 publications). In early childhood, exposure to neonatal hypoglycaemia was not associated with neurodevelopmental impairment (n = 1,657 infants; OR = 1.16, 95% CI = 0.86–1.57) but was associated with visual-motor impairment (n = 508; OR = 3.46, 95% CI = 1.13–10.57) and executive dysfunction (n = 463; OR = 2.50, 95% CI = 1.20–5.22). In mid-childhood, neonatal hypoglycaemia was associated with neurodevelopmental impairment (n = 54; OR = 3.62, 95% CI = 1.05–12.42) and low literacy (n = 1,395; OR = 2.04, 95% CI = 1.20–3.47) and numeracy (n = 1,395; OR = 2.04, 95% CI = 1.21–3.44). No data were available for adolescents. Conclusions: Neonatal hypoglycaemia may have important long-lasting adverse effects on neurodevelopment that may become apparent at later ages. Carefully designed randomized trials are required to determine the optimal management of neonates at risk of hypoglycaemia with long-term follow-up at least to school age.
The Wrong Turn to Tijuana: Dry Beriberi after Gastric Bypass Surgery with Incidental Spinal Stenosis
Authors: Zvinovski Filadelfiya , Battisti Robert
Published: November 2018

Thiamine deficiency is a condition characterized by several different presentations, but one of the most devastating is dry beriberi. It is associated with polyneuropathy and muscle weakness which typically affects the lower extremities and progressively involves the upper extremities. This case outlines a case of a 41-year-old man that presented to the hospital with diffuse weakness and decreased sensation in his legs and hands over a 3-day period. The patient’s medical history revealed a gastric bypass surgery 4 months previously in Tijuana, Mexico, with no follow-up, binge drinking on weekends, and emesis in the past few weeks. A physical examination revealed a significant decrease in strength in the lower extremities bilaterally as well as in the hands bilaterally. MRI showed central disc protrusion at T6–T7 that indented the spinal cord, consistent with spinal stenosis. Neurosurgery was counseled and corpectomy was recommended. While awaiting surgery, a low thiamine level resulted. Neurology was consulted, and it was recommended that high-dose IV thiamine treatment be started. An EMG study further supported the diagnosis of thiamine deficiency. The patient received high-dose IV thiamine for 2 weeks and was discharged to acute rehabilitation on a high oral dose of thiamine. While at the rehabilitation facility, the patient continued to achieve functional gains and was later discharged to a skilled nursing facility, where he continues to make progress in his activities of daily living. This case serves to remind practitioners that early recognition and treatment of thiamine deficiency is imperative, especially when other clinical evidence may point to a different diagnosis.
Effect of Cellulose Powder on Human Nasal Epithelial Cell Activity and Ciliary Beat Frequency
Authors: Zhou Min , Zuo Ke-jun , Xu Zhao-feng , Guan Wei-jie , Jiang Li-jie , Luo Xin , Zheng Rui , Wang Dang , Cao Yu-jie , Chen Yang , Yang Fei , Liu Chen , Shi Jian-bo , Lai Yin-yan
Published: November 2018

Background: Cellulose powder (CP) has been reported as a safe and effective complementary treatment for allergic rhinitis (AR). Currently, CP has gained increasing application for clinical management worldwide, particularly in China. However, studies focusing on the effect of CP on normal human nasal epithelial cells (hNECs) and ciliary function are lacking. Here, we aimed to explore the adverse effects of CP on the activity and ciliary function of hNECs. Methods: We biopsied ethmoid sinus or middle turbinate tissues during surgical resection from control subjects who underwent endoscopic sinus surgery for diseases other than AR. Cells were isolated and passaged, followed by differentiation in an air-liquid interface (ALI). Flow cytometry and cell viability test (cell counting kit-8) were performed to detect the cytotoxicity of CP (effects on cell proliferation) on normal hNECs. By using the ALI culture model, we investigated the effects of CP on ciliary beat frequency (CBF). Results: There was a significant reduction in hNEC count at high concentrations of CP (2.5 mg/mL) at days 3 and 7 (both p < 0.05). As the concentration increased, cell death increased progressively from day 3 to day 7. However, these effects were not evident at low concentrations (0.25 mg/mL, p > 0.05). High-dose CP (2.5 mg) significantly reduced the CBF (p < 0.05). At lower concentrations (0.25–2.5 mg/mL), CP initially increased but subsequently reduced the CBF of hNECs compared with control group. Conclusions: Cytotoxicity and the suppression of ciliary beat at high concentrations justify more prudent use of CP for the management of AR.