bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Social Welfare Analysis in a Financial Economy with Risk Regulation
Authors: VICENTE JOSÉ , ARAÚJO ALOÍSIO
Published: May 2010

In the last years, regulating agencies of many countries in the world have adopted VaR‐based risk regulation to control market risk of financial institutions. This paper investigates the consequences of such kind of regulation to social welfare and soundness of financial institutions through an equilibrium model. We show that the optimum level of regulation for each financial institution (the level that maximizes its utility) depends on its appetite for risk and that some of them can perform better in a regulated economy. In addition, another important result asserts that under certain market conditions the financial fragility of an institution can be greater in a regulated economy than in an unregulated one.
Marriage Matching and Intercorrelation of Preferences
Authors: BOUDREAU JAMES W. , KNOBLAUCH VICKI
Published: May 2010

Men's and women's preferences are intercorrelated to the extent that men rank highly those women who rank them highly. Intercorrelation plays an important but overlooked role in determining outcomes of matching mechanisms. We employ simulation techniques to quantify the effects of intercorrelated preferences on men's and women's aggregate satisfaction with the outcome of the Gale–Shapley matching mechanism. Our results show that even a small amount of positive intercorrelation in a matching market means increased satisfaction for women and dramatically decreased potential for strategic manipulation. Negative intercorrelation has the opposite effects. Thus, matching markets characterized by positive intercorrelation are well suited for matching via Gale–Shapley, while markets characterized by negative intercorrelation may face opposition from the nonproposing side of the market. So that our results are immediately applicable, we also define and employ a general measure of intercorrelation that can be used for any matching market.
FROM IDEAS TO CONCEPTS TO METAPHORS: THE GERMAN TRADITION OF INTELLECTUAL HISTORY AND THE COMPLEX FABRIC OF LANGUAGE
Authors: PALTI ELÍAS JOSÉ
Published: May 2010

Recently, the diffusion of the so‐called “new intellectual history” led to the dismissal of the old school of the “history of ideas” on the basis of its ahistorical nature (the view of ideas as eternal entities). This formulation is actually misleading, missing the core of the transformation produced in the field. It is not true that the history of ideas simply ignored the fact that the meaning of ideas changes over time. The issue at stake here is really not how ideas changed (the mere description of the semantic transformation they underwent historically), but rather why they do. The study of the German tradition of intellectual history serves in this essay as a basis to illustrate the meaning and significance of the recent turn from ideas as its object. In the process of trying to account for the source of contingency of conceptual formations, it will open our horizon to the complex nature of the ways by which we invest the world with meaning. That is, it will disclose the presence of different layers of symbolic reality lying beneath the surface level of “ideas,” and analyze their differential nature and functions. It will also show the reasons for the ultimate failure of the “history of ideas” approach, why discourses can never achieve their vocation to constitute themselves as self‐enclosed, rationally integrated systems, thereby expelling contingency from their realm. In sum, it will show why historicity is not merely something that comes to intellectual history from without (as a by‐product of social history or as the result of the action of an external agent), as the history of ideas assumed, but is a constitutive dimension of it.
THE HISTORY OF EMOTIONS: AN INTERVIEW WITH WILLIAM REDDY, BARBARA ROSENWEIN, AND PETER STEARNS
Authors: PLAMPER JAN
Published: May 2010

The history of emotions is a burgeoning field—so much so, that some are invoking an “emotional turn.” As a way of charting this development, I have interviewed three of the leading practitioners of the history of emotions: William Reddy, Barbara Rosenwein, and Peter Stearns. The interviews retrace each historian's intellectual‐biographical path to the history of emotions, recapitulate key concepts, and critically discuss the limitations of the available analytical tools. In doing so, they touch on Reddy's concepts of “emotive,”“emotional regime,” and “emotional navigation,” as well as on Rosenwein's “emotional community” and on Stearns's “emotionology” and offer glimpses of each historian's ongoing research. The interviews address the challenges presented to historians by research in the neurosciences and the like, highlighting the distinctive contributions offered by a historical approach. In closing, the interviewees appear to reach a consensus, envisioning the history of emotions not as a specialized field but as a means of integrating the category of emotion into social, cultural, and political history, emulating the rise of gender as an analytical category since its early beginnings as “women's history” in the 1970s.
Fluids associated with hydrothermal dolomitization in St. George Group, western Newfoundland, Canada
Authors: CONLIFFE J. , AZMY K. , GLEESON S. A. , LAVOIE D.
Published: May 2010

Dolomite reservoirs are increasingly recognized as an important petroleum exploration target, although the application of a hydrothermal dolomite exploration model to these reservoirs remains controversial. The St. George Group of western Newfoundland consists of a sequence of dolomitised carbonates, with significant porosity development (up to 30%) and petroleum accumulations. Fluid inclusion microthermometry and bulk fluid leach analyses indicated that fluids responsible for matrix dolomitization (associated with intercrystalline porosity) and later saddle dolomitization are CaCl2 ± MgCl2 rich, high salinity (up to 26 eq. wt% NaCl) brines. Integration of fluid inclusion data with thermal maturation histories from the St. George Group show that these dolomites formed at temperatures higher than the ambient rock temperature, and are therefore hydrothermal in origin. Bulk leach analyses show that dolomitization is associated with influxes of postevaporitic brines (±Cl enriched magmatic fluids) late in the diagenetic history of these carbonates. This dolomitization is possibly Devonian in age, during a period of significant magmatic activity, extensional tectonics and development of hypersaline basins. Petrographic and geochemical similarities between Paleozoic hosted hydrothermal dolomitization in western Newfoundland, eastern Canada and the northeastern United States are consistent with a regional‐scale hydrothermal dolomitization event late in the diagenetic history of these carbonates.

Geofluids (2010) 10, 422–437
The differences between the localizations of MUC1, MUC5AC, MUC6 and osteopontin in quail proventriculus and gizzard may be a reflection of functional differences of stomach parts
Authors: Liman Narin , Alan Emel , Küçük Bayram Güner
Published: May 2010

Mucins are high molecular weight glycoproteins which constitute the major component of the mucus layer and are produce by many epithelial tissues in vertebrates. Osteopontin (OPN) is an adhesive phosphorylated glycoprotein that is expressed by a broad range of tissues and cells. Although gastric mucins MUC1, MUC5AC, MUC6 and OPN have been widely used in histological studies and in diagnostic pathology in order to diagnose gastric carcinomas, their localizations in the stomach of quail have not yet been studied. In this study, the localizations of MUC1, MUC5AC, MUC6 and OPN in the proventriculus and gizzard of Japanese quail during the post‐hatching period were compared at light microscope levels by applying immunohistochemical methods. In all ages studied, the immunoreactivity of MUC5AC was present in the lining epithelium of both folds and superficial proventricular glands in the proventriculus, whereas MUC1, MUC6 and OPN reactivity was found in the oxynticopeptic cells of profound proventricular glands. In addition, some cells in the fold epithelium of the proventriculus showed a positive reaction to OPN. The immunoreactivity of MUC1 in gizzard was different from that of MUC5AC. Although MUC5AC was expressed in the cells of both the surface epithelium and profound glands of the gizzard, MUC1 was only localized in the profound glands of the gizzard. However, MUC6 and OPN immunoreactivity was absent in the gizzard. The results indicated that the differences between the localizations of MUC1, MUC5AC, MUC6 and OPN in quail proventriculus and gizzard may be a reflection of functional differences of stomach parts. Although the biological significances of the expressions of MUC1, MUC5AC, MUC6 and OPN in the quail stomach remains unknown, these notable glycoproteins may be associated with barrier function, host defence, and/or secretion.
A ROBUST, PARTICULARIST ETHICAL ASSESSMENT OF MEDICAL TOURISM
Authors: MEGHANI ZAHRA
Published: May 2010

Recently, in increasing numbers, citizens of wealthy nations are heading to poorer countries for medical care. They are traveling to the global South as medical tourists because in their home nations either they cannot get timely medical care or they cannot afford needed treatments. This essay offers a robust, particularist ethical assessment of the practice of citizens of richer nations traveling to poorer countries for healthcare.
Up‐Regulation and Functional Effect of Cardiac β3‐Adrenoreceptors in Alcoholic Monkeys
Authors: Cheng Heng‐Jie , Grant Kathleen A. , Han Qing‐Hua , Daunais James B. , Friedman David P. , Masutani Satoshi , Little William C. , Cheng Che‐Ping
Published: May 2010

Background: Recent studies link altered cardiac β‐adrenergic receptor (AR) signaling to the pathology of alcoholic cardiomyopathy (ACM). However, the alteration and functional effect of β3‐AR activation in ACM are unknown. We tested the hypothesis that chronic alcohol intake causes an up‐regulation of cardiac β3‐AR, which exacerbates myocyte dysfunction and impairs calcium regulation, thereby directly contributing to the progression of ACM.

Methods: We compared myocyte β3‐ and β1‐AR expression and myocyte contractile ([Ca2+]i), transient ([Ca2+]iT), and Ca2+current (ICa,L) responses to β‐ and β3‐AR stimulation in myocytes obtained from left ventricle (LV) tissue samples obtained from 10 normal control (C) and 16 monkeys with self‐administered alcohol for 12 months prior to necropsy: 6 moderate (M) and 10 heavy (H) drinkers with group average alcohol intakes of 1.5 ± 0.2 and 3.3 ± 0.2 g/kg/d, respectively.

Results: Compared with control myocytes (C), in alcoholic cardiomyocytes, basal cell contraction (dL/dtmax, −39%, H: 69.8 vs. C: 114.6 μm/s), relaxation (dR/dtmax, −37%, 58.2 vs. 92.9 μm/s), [Ca2+]iT(−34%, 0.23 vs. 0.35), and ICa,L(−25%, 4.8 vs. 6.4pA/pF) were all significantly reduced. Compared with controls, in moderate and heavy drinkers, β1‐AR protein levels decreased by 23% and 42%, but β3‐AR protein increased by 46% and 85%, respectively. These changes were associated with altered myocyte functional responses to β‐AR agonist, isoproterenol (ISO), and β3‐AR agonist, BRL‐37344 (BRL). Compared with controls, in alcoholic myocytes, ISO (10−8 M) produced significantly smaller increases in dL/dtmax(H: 40% vs. C: 71%), dR/dtmax(37% vs. 52%), [Ca2+]iT(17% vs. 37%), and ICa,L(17% vs. 27%), but BRL (10−8 M) produced a significantly greater decrease in dL/dtmax(H: −23% vs. C: −11%), [Ca2+]iT(−30% vs. −11%), and ICa,L(−28% vs. −17%).

Conclusions: Chronic alcohol consumption down‐regulates cardiac β1‐ and up‐regulates β3‐ARs, contributing to the abnormal response to catecholamines in ACM. The up‐regulation of cardiac β3‐AR signaling enhances inhibition of LV myocyte contraction and relaxation and exacerbates the dysfunctional [Ca2+]iregulation and, thus, may precede the development of ACM.
Dynamic Material Flow Analysis for Strategic Construction and Demolition Waste Management in Beijing
Authors: Hu Mingming , Van Der Voet Ester , Huppes Gjalt
Published: May 2010

Of all materials extracted from the earth's crust, the construction sector uses 50%, producing huge amounts of construction and demolition waste (CDW). In Beijing, presently 35 million metric tons per year (megatonnes/year [Mt/yr]) of CDW are generated. This amount is expected to grow significantly when the first round of mass buildings erected in the 1990s starts to be demolished. In this study, a dynamic material flow analysis (MFA) is conducted for Beijing's urban housing system, with the demand for the stock of housing floor area taken as the driver. The subsequent effects on construction and demolition flows of housing floor area and the concurrent consumption and waste streams of concrete are investigated for Beijing from 1949 and projected through 2050. The per capita floor area (PCFA) is a key factor shaping the material stock of housing. Observations in Beijing, the Netherlands, and Norway indicate that PCFA has a strong correlation with the local gross domestic product (GDP). The lifetime of dwellings is one of the most important variables influencing future CDW generation. Three scenarios, representing the current trend extension, high GDP growth, and lengthening the lifetime of dwellings, are analyzed. The simulation results show that CDW will rise, unavoidably. A higher growth rate of GDP and the consequent PCFA will worsen the situation in the distant future. Prolonging the lifetime of dwellings can postpone the arrival of the peak CDW. From a systematic view, recycling is highly recommended for long‐term sustainable CDW management.
Transfusion, blood donation, and postage stamps: a worldwide review
Authors: Lefrère Jean‐Jacques , Danic Bruno
Published: May 2010

Before the advent of electronic means of communication, postal stamps were one of the main international promotion tools on the planet and still remains an important support for the wide diffusion of a message. Since 1942, the promotion of blood donation has been one of them. To highlight these recurring or specific characteristics, the authors gathered and studied a large part of the stamps produced in the world on the theme of transfusion and blood donation. They analyzed and compared the characteristics of 189 stamps issued from 87 states: country of emission, year (when given), face value, slogans, expressions or wording, possible surtaxes, dominant colors, the notion of series, the themes of the illustrations, the symbols, the type of message, the national specificities, or the international characteristics. Along with national peculiarities, to certain traditions of representation, and a big variability of illustrations, symbols, and slogans, this set of postage stamps wears above all a clear, strong, and unique message: human solidarity through blood donation.
Formation Kinetics of a Bi3Nb1−xTaxO7 Fluorite‐Type Solid Solution and Thermodynamic Stability of the Bi3TaO7 End Member
Authors: Pirnat Ursa , Valant Matjaz , Radmilovic Velimir
Published: May 2010

Analysis of kinetic characteristics of the incommensurate—commensurate transformation in the Bi3Nb1−xTaxO7 system with a fluorite‐like crystal structure enabled us to define the compositional and thermal stability ranges of the commensurate tetragonal polymorph. We showed that the tetragonal polymorph across the entire homogeneity range is isostructural to the Bi3NbO7 end member. The kinetics of the transformation from the cubic incommensurate to the tetragonal commensurate phase decreases with an increase in Ta concentration within the Bi3Nb1−xTaxO7 system. The formation studies indicate that the tetragonal Bi3TaO7 is thermodynamically stable; however, its formation via the metastable incommensurate‐cubic phase is suppressed.
Unusual Energy Balance Between Atoms in Postperovskite MgSiO3
Authors: Hirate Hiroshi , Sawai Hiroshi , Saito Yuki , Yukawa Hiroshi , Morinaga Masahiko , Nakai Hiromi
Published: May 2010

To understand the phase transition from perovskite to postperovskite MgSiO3, total energy is partitioned into atomic energy densities of constituent elements in the oxide, using the energy density analysis. The atomization energies, ΔEMg for Mg atom, ΔESi for Si atom, and ΔEO for O atom, are then evaluated by subtracting the atomic energy density from the energy of the isolated neutral atom, Mg, Si, and O, respectively. It is found that ΔESi and ΔEMg are much larger than ΔEO in the perovskite phase, but ΔEO is much larger than ΔESi and ΔEMg in the postperovskite phase. This means that most of the energies partitioned into Mg and Si atoms in the perovskite phase transfer to the O atoms in the postperovskite phase during the transition. Such an extremely stable O‐atom state is formed by the introduction of edge‐shared SiO6 octahedra into the postperovskite structure. This is because the edge‐sharing makes the Si–O interatomic distances longer even in very high pressure conditions. The unusual energy balance between atoms is also seen in the other postperovskite, MgGeO3 and NaMgF3.
Hydrothermal Synthesis and Luminescence Properties of Novel Red Y1−xEuxW2O6(OH)3 Phosphors
Authors: Pu Xi‐Peng , Shao Xin , Zhang Da‐Feng , Yi Xiu‐Jie , Jia Li‐Ping
Published: May 2010

Novel red Y1−xEuxW2O6(OH)3 phosphors (x=0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8, 1) were synthesized via a facile hydrothermal method at 180°C for 24 h. The results of X‐ray powder diffraction patterns indicate that as‐synthesized phosphors have a monoclinic structure without any impurity phase. The microstructure characterization shows that the Eu3+ content has a remarkable influence on the morphologies of as‐obtained samples. With the increasing Eu3+ content, the sample morphology tends to be spherical. The emission spectra under 394 nm excitation exhibit dominant peaks centered at 617 nm, corresponding to the 5D0→7F2 transition of Eu3+. The high ratio of the red emission at 617 nm to the orange emission at 593 nm makes Y1−xEuxW2O6(OH)3 phosphors a potential candidate for red‐emitting light‐emitting diode phosphors. The emission intensity of the phosphors increases with Eu3+ doping concentration. The 5D0→7F2 emission intensity of EuW2O6(OH)3 is about 3.5 times stronger than that of Y0.8Eu0.2W2O6(OH)3. Furthermore, the life time were discussed.
Marriage‐partner Preference among Muslims in France: Reproducing Tradition in the Maghrebian Diaspora
Authors: Selby Jennifer A.
Published: May 2010

This article examines the prevalence of transnational cousin marriage in a Parisian suburb to consider its implications in reproducing “traditional” Muslim cultural identities among new immigrant women in France. In charting these marriages and tracing the migratory experiences of several first‐generation women from North Africa to a Parisian banlieue (suburb) where I undertook extensive fieldwork, I consider why “traditional” Muslim women remain the ideal marriage partners for second and third generation French Muslim men of Maghrebian origin and their families. These brides have become emblematic of perceptions of cultural and religious purity in the diaspora in the face of dominant laïque discourses, often centralized on the hijab and Muslim women's “oppression.” I conclude that these women's bodies become symbolic armatures amidst fiercely debated gender politics and Maghrebian Muslim cultural values.
Prespawn mortality in adult spring Chinook salmon outplanted above barrier dams
Authors: Keefer M. L. , Taylor G. A. , Garletts D. F. , Gauthier G. A. , Pierce T. M. , Caudill C. C.
Published: May 2010

Keefer ML, Taylor GA, Garletts DF, Gauthier GA, Pierce TM, Caudill CC. Prespawn mortality in adult spring Chinook salmon outplanted above barrier dams.  Ecology of Freshwater Fish 2010: 19: 361–372. © 2010 John Wiley & Sons A/S

Abstract –  Dams without fish passage facilities block access to much of the historic spawning habitat of spring Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) in Oregon’s Willamette River basin. Adult salmon are routinely outplanted above the dams to supplement natural production, but many die before spawning despite extensive suitable habitat. In 2004–2007, we examined prespawn mortality patterns using live detection and carcass recovery data for 242 radio‐tagged outplants. Total prespawn mortality was 48%, but variability was high, ranging from 0% to 93% for individual release groups. Prespawn mortality was strongly condition dependent, consistently higher for females than males and higher for early release groups. Across years, warm water temperature in the migration corridor and at the collection site was associated with sharply higher mortality. Results highlight a need for better evaluations of the effects of adult mortality on population reintroduction and recovery and relationships among prespawn mortality, dam‐related temperature change and salmon life history and behaviour.
Sever's injury: treatment with insoles provides effective pain relief
Authors: Perhamre S. , Janson S. , Norlin R. , Klässbo M.
Published: May 2010

Sever's injury (apophysitis calcanei) is considered to be the dominant cause of heel pain among children between 8 and 15 years. The traditional advice is to reduce and modify the level of physical activity. Recommended treatment in general is the same as for adults with Achilles tendon pain. The purpose of the study was to find out if insoles, of two different types, were effective in relieving heel pain in a group of boys (n=38) attending a Sports Medicine Clinic for heel pain diagnosed as Sever's injury. The type of insole was randomized, and self‐assessed pain during physical activity in the treatment phase with insoles was compared with pain in the corresponding pre‐ and post‐treatment phases without insoles. There were no other treatments added and the recommendations were to stay on the same activity level. All patients maintained their high level of physical activity throughout the study period. Significant pain reduction during physical activity when using insoles was found. Application of two different types of insoles without any immobilization, other treatment, or modification of sport activities results in significant pain relief in boys with Sever's injury.
Specific muscle adaptations in type II fibers after high‐intensity interval training of well‐trained runners
Authors: Kohn T. A. , Essén‐Gustavsson B. , Myburgh K. H.
Published: May 2010

High‐intensity interval training (HIIT) forms an important component of endurance athletes' training, but little is known on intramuscular metabolic and fiber type adaptations. This study investigated physiological and skeletal muscle adaptations in endurance runners subjected to 6 weeks HIIT. Eighteen well‐trained endurance athletes were subjected to 6 weeks HIIT. Maximal and submaximal exercise tests and muscle biopsies were performed before and after training. Results indicated that peak treadmill speed (PTS) increased (21.0 ± 0.8 vs 22.1 ± 1.2 km/h, P<0.001) and plasma lactate decreased at 64% and 80% PTS (P<0.05) after HIIT. Cross‐sectional area of type II fibers tended to have decreased (P=0.06). No changes were observed in maximal oxygen consumption, muscle fiber type, capillary supply, citrate synthase and 3‐hydroxyacetyl CoA dehydrogenase activities. Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity increased in homogenate (P<0.05) and type IIa fiber pools (9.3%, P<0.05). The change in the latter correlated with an absolute interval training speed (r=0.65; P<0.05). In conclusion, HIIT in trained endurance runners causes no adaptations in muscle oxidative capacity but increased LDH activity, especially in type IIa fibers and in relation to absolute HIIT speed.
Differential regulation of CaMKII inhibitor β protein expression after exposure to a novel context and during contextual fear memory formation
Authors: Radwańska K. , Tudor‐Jones A. A. , Mizuno K. , Pereira G. S. , Lucchesi W. , Alfano I. , Łach A. , Kaczmarek L. , Knapp S. , Peter Giese K.
Published: May 2010

Understanding of the molecular basis of long‐term fear memory (fear LTM) formation provides targets in the treatment of emotional disorders. Ca2+/calmodulin‐dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) is one of the key synaptic molecules involved in fear LTM formation. There are two endogenous inhibitor proteins of CaMKII, CaMKII Nα and Nβ, which can regulate CaMKII activity in vitro. However, the physiological role of these endogenous inhibitors is not known. Here, we have investigated whether CaMKII Nβ protein expression is regulated after contextual fear conditioning or exposure to a novel context. Using a novel CaMKII Nβ‐specific antibody, CaMKII Nβ expression was analysed in the naïve mouse brain as well as in the amygdala and hippocampus after conditioning and context exposure. We show that in naïve mouse forebrain CaMKII Nβ protein is expressed at its highest levels in olfactory bulb, prefrontal and piriform cortices, amygdala and thalamus. The protein is expressed both in dendrites and cell bodies. CaMKII Nβ expression is rapidly and transiently up‐regulated in the hippocampus after context exposure. In the amygdala, its expression is regulated only by contextual fear conditioning and not by exposure to a novel context. In conclusion, we show that CaMKII Nβ expression is differentially regulated by novelty and contextual fear conditioning, providing further insight into molecular basis of fear LTM.
Effect of fat supplementation during transition period on plasma leptin and non‐esterified fatty acid concentrations in Holstein cows
Authors: AFZALZADEH Ahmad , PALIZDAR Mohammad Hossein , MAHMOUDZADEH Homayoun , NIASARI‐NASLAJI Amir
Published: May 2010

The objective of this experiment was to investigate the effect of fat supplementation during the transition period on pre and postpartum body weight (BW), body condition score (BCS), non‐esterified fatty acids (NEFA), glucose and leptin concentrations in Holstein cows. Holstein cows (n = 15) received a low fat diet (LF; 1.61 Mcal net energy for lactation (NEL)/kg of dry matter [DM]), moderate fat diet (MF; 1.68 Mcal NEL/kg DM) or a high fat diet (HF; 1.74 Mcal NEL/kg DM) for 4 weeks prior to calving. All cows were fed similar lactation diets ad libitum (1.74 Mcal NEL/kg DM) for 30 days after calving. Increasing diet energy density during transition period had no effect on prepartum DMI, BCS, BW, glucose and NEFA concentrations (P > 0.05); but leptin concentrations and energy balance (EB) were affected by treatments (P < 0.05). Animals fed HF had less plasma leptin prepartum. After parturition, BW, milk production, milk fat, protein, urea nitrogen and plasma glucose concentrations were affected by prepartum diets (P < 0.05). Fat supplementation prepartum did not affect postpartum NEFA. In conclusion, prepartum fat supplementation decreased leptin concentration prepartum.
Computational identification of new porcine microRNAs and their targets
Authors: ZHOU Bo , LIU Hong‐Lin
Published: May 2010

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) represent a newly identified class of non‐protein‐coding ∼22 nt small RNAs which play important roles in multiple biological processes by degrading targeted mRNAs or repressing mRNA translation. Here we present an expressed sequence tag (EST)‐based combined approach for the detection of novel porcine miRNAs. This was initiated by using previously known miRNA sequences from Homo sapiens (human) and Mus musculus (mouse) to blast the databases of Sus scrofa (pig) EST. A total of 65 new miRNAs were detected following a range of filtering criteria. Using these new potential miRNA sequences, we further obtained the publicly available porcine mRNA database from NCBI and detected 48 586 potential target hits using a software RNA hybrid. So far, compared to human and mouse, fewer miRNAs (only 54 miRNAs) were identified in Sus scrofa species. These 65 new miRNAs and their targets in pig have been run through miRHelper to yield data that may help us better understand the possible role of miRNAs in regulating the growth and development of pigs. These findings suggest that EST analysis is a good alternative strategy for identifying new miRNA candidates, their targets and other genes.
Hippocampal Leptin Suppresses Methamphetamine‐Induced Hyperlocomotion
Authors: Nishio Masahiro , Watanabe Yasuhiro
Published: May 2010

Abstract:  Leptin is an anorexigenic peptide which is synthesized in white adipose tissue. The actions of leptin are mediated by the leptin receptor which is abundantly localized in the hypothalamus and is involved in energy regulation and balance. Recently, there has been evidence suggesting that the leptin receptor is also present in the hippocampus and may be involved with hippocampal excitability and long‐term depression. To investigate the physiological function of leptin signalling in the hippocampus, we studied the effects of leptin on methamphetamine‐induced ambulatory hyperactivity by utilizing intra‐hippocampal infusion (i.h.) in mice. Our results show that the infusion of leptin (5 ng each bilaterally i.h.) does not affect the basal ambulatory activity but significantly suppresses methamphetamine‐induced ambulatory hyperactivity as compared to saline‐infused controls. Interestingly, higher dose of leptin increases the suppression of the methamphetamine‐induced ambulatory hyperactivity. The i.h. infusion of leptin did not activate the JAK‐STAT pathway, which is the cellular signalling pathway through which leptin acts in the hypothalamus. The infusion of leptin also did not affect activation of p42/44 MAPK which is known to be another leptin‐induced signalling pathway in the brain. These results demonstrate that leptin has a novel potential suppressive effect on methamphetamine‐induced hyperlocomotion and also suggest that there must be an alternative pathway in the hippocampus through which leptin signalling is being mediated.
CANDIDATE PERSISTENCE AND PERSONALITY TEST PRACTICE EFFECTS: IMPLICATIONS FOR STAFFING SYSTEM MANAGEMENT
Authors: HAUSKNECHT JOHN P.
Published: May 2010

Candidates persist in selection settings for numerous reasons, prompting several concerns regarding staffing‐system management. Predictors of the propensity to retest and personality test practice effects were investigated among a sample of 15,338 candidates who applied for supervisory positions (and 357 who repeated the selection process) over a 4‐year period with a large organization in the service industry. Results reveal greater likelihood of retesting among internal candidates and overall evidence of small‐to‐moderate personality test practice effects. Compared to passing candidates who retested for various reasons, failing candidates pursued alternative response strategies upon retesting and generated dimension‐level practice effects that reached .40 to .60, whereas passing candidates generally replicated their initial profiles. For several subscales, low initial scores were associated with practice effects that exceeded a full standard deviation. Implications for research, practice, and policy are discussed.
ARE HIGHLY STRUCTURED JOB INTERVIEWS RESISTANT TO DEMOGRAPHIC SIMILARITY EFFECTS?
Authors: McCARTHY JULIE M. , VAN IDDEKINGE CHAD H. , CAMPION MICHAEL A.
Published: May 2010

This study examines the extent to which highly structured job interviews are resistant to demographic similarity effects. The sample comprised nearly 20,000 applicants for a managerial‐level position in a large organization. Findings were unequivocal: Main effects of applicant gender and race were not associated with interviewers’ ratings of applicant performance nor was applicant–interviewer similarity with regard to gender and race. These findings address past inconsistencies in research on demographic similarity effects in employment interviews and demonstrate the value of using highly structured interviews to minimize the potential influence of applicant demographic characteristics on selection decisions.
A META‐ANALYSIS OF CONDITIONAL REASONING TESTS OF AGGRESSION
Authors: BERRY CHRISTOPHER M. , SACKETT PAUL R. , TOBARES VANESSA
Published: May 2010

James et al. (2005) reported an estimate of criterion‐related validity (corrected only for dichotomization of criteria) of r = .44 across 11 conditional reasoning test of aggression (CRT‐Aggression) validity studies. This meta‐analysis incorporated a total sample size more than twice that of James et al. Our comparable validity estimate for CRT‐Aggression scales predicting counterproductive work behaviors was r = .16. Validity for the current, commercially marketed test version (CRT‐A) was lower (r = .10). These validity estimates increased somewhat (into the .24–.26 range) if studies using dichotomous criteria with low base rates were excluded from the meta‐analysis. CRT‐Aggression scales were correlated r = .14 with measures of job performance. As we differed with James et al. in some of our coding decisions, we reran all analyses using James et al.'s coding decisions and arrived at extremely similar results.
Effects of Plot Size and Census Interval on Descriptors of Forest Structure and Dynamics
Authors: Wagner Fabien , Rutishauser Ervan , Blanc Lilian , Herault Bruno
Published: May 2010

This study was designed to explicitly formulate the effect of census interval and plot size on the variability of descriptors of tropical forest structure (stand density, basal area, aboveground biomass [AGB]) and dynamic (tree growth, mortality and recruitment rates, biomass fluxes). A unique dataset from a broad plot network (37.5 ha) surveyed every 2 yr over a 16‐yr period was used to develop and parameterize a new statistical model predicting the coefficients of variation for each forest descriptor. More than 90 percent of the inherent variability of these coefficients was predicted using a simple model including plot size and census interval in a Bayesian modeling framework. All descriptors of forest structure varied by <10 percent for plot sizes >2 ha. Among the descriptors of forest dynamics, AGB loss was the most variable. The number of 6.25 ha plots required to estimate its mean, over a 16‐yr period, within a 20 percent error of the mean remains above four. This contrasts with a relative constant flux of biomass entering the plot through tree growth and tree recruitment. Tree growth was remarkably well estimated with <15 percent variability for a 2‐yr census in a plot of 2 ha. This study provides an easy method to assess dataset limitations in efforts to estimate descriptors of forest structure and dynamic, which is of primary importance to decipher any clear consequences of global change in tropical forests.
Fire Scars on Amazonian Trees: Exploring the Cryptic Fire History of the Ilha de Maracá
Authors: Barlow Jos , Silveira Juliana M. , Cochrane Mark A.
Published: May 2010

The presence of charcoal in the soils and fire scars on 8.2 percent of tree stems strongly suggest that one of the best studied Amazonian research localities (the Ilha de Maracá in Roraima, Brazil) has burned. The patterns and images of fire scars that we present here could help researchers explore the burn history of other tropical forests, which has important implications for interpreting their present‐day ecology.
Comprehensive Analysis of Expressed Sequence Tags from the Pulp of the Red Mutant ‘Cara Cara’ Navel Orange (Citrus sinensis Osbeck)
Authors: Ye Jun‐Li , Zhu An‐Dan , Tao Neng‐Guo , Xu Qiang , Xu Juan , Deng Xiu‐Xin
Published: May 2010

Expressed sequence tag (EST) analysis of the pulp of the red‐fleshed mutant ‘Cara Cara’ navel orange provided a starting point for gene discovery and transcriptome survey during citrus fruit maturation. Interpretation of the EST datasets revealed that the mutant pulp transcriptome held a high section of stress responses related genes, such as the type III metallothionein‐like gene (6.0%), heat shock protein (2.8%), Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase (0.8%), late embryogenesis abundant protein 5 (0.8%), etc. 133 transcripts were detected to be differentially expressed between the red mutant and its orange‐color wild genotype ‘Washington’ via digital expression analysis. Among them, genes involved in metabolism, defense/stress and signal transduction were statistical overrepresented. Fifteen transcription factors, composed of NAM, ATAF, and CUC transcription factor (NAC); myeloblastosis (MYB); myelocytomatosis (MYC); basic helix‐loop‐helix (bHLH); basic leucine zipper (bZIP) domain members, were also included. The data reflected the distinct expression profile and the unique regulatory module associated with these two genotypes. Eight differently expressed genes analyzed in digital were validated by quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction. For structural polymorphism, both simple sequence repeats and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) loci were surveyed; dinucleotide presentation revealed a bias toward AG/GA/TC/CT repeats (52.5%), against GC/CG repeats (0%). SNPs analysis found that transitions (73%) outnumbered transversions (27%). Seventeen potential cultivar‐specific and 387 heterozygous SNP loci were detected from ‘Cara Cara’ and ‘Washington’ EST pool.
‘Patient participation’ in everyday activities in special care units for persons with dementia in Norwegian nursing homes
Authors: Helgesen Ann Karin , Larsson Maria , Athlin Elsy
Published: May 2010

helgesen a.k., larsson m. & athlin e. (2010) ‘Patient participation’ in everyday activities in special care units for persons with dementia in Norwegian nursing homes.International Journal of Older People Nursing 5, 169–178

Aim. The aim of this study was to explore ‘patient participation’ in everyday activities for persons with dementia living in special care units in nursing homes.

Background. Studies about how ‘patient participation’ appears in the context of special care units for persons with dementia are lacking.

Design. The study has an explorative design.

Method. Grounded theory was chosen. Data collection was carried out by means of open observations and additional conversations with residents and personnel. Simultaneously, data analysis was performed with open, axial and selective coding.

Findings. The findings showed that ‘patient participation’ concerned ‘A matter of presence’ as the core category. The other categories described as ‘presence of personnel’ and ‘presence of residents’, were strongly connected to the core category as well as to each other. Presence of personnel comprised three levels; being there in body, which required physical presence; being there in mind, which required presence with all senses based on knowledge and competence; and being there in morality which was understood as being fully present, as it was based on humanistic values and included the two other levels. Presence of residents comprised ‘ability and wish’ and ‘adaptation’. The presence of the personnel had a huge impact on the ability and will to participate of the residents. Organizational conditions concerning leadership, amount of personnel and routines as well as housing conditions concerning architecture and shared accommodation, could stimulate or hinder ‘patient participation’.

Conclusions and implications. The study highlighted the great impact of the personnel’s presence in body, mind and morality on the participation capacity of the residents. The great importance of the nurse leaders was stressed, as they were responsible for organizational issues and served as role models. Group supervision of the personnel and their leaders would be an implication to propose, as these kinds of reflection groups offer opportunities to reflect on values, actions and routines.
Relationship centred outcomes focused on compassionate care for older people within in‐patient care settings
Authors: Smith Stephen , Dewar Belinda , Pullin Simon , Tocher Ria
Published: May 2010

smith s., dewar b., pullin s. & tocher r. (2010) Relationship centred outcomes focused on compassionate care for older people within in‐patient care settings. International Journal of Older People Nursing 5, 128–136

This paper describes outcomes from research titled Leadership in Compassionate Care. The research adopts a participatory action research approach, utilizing appreciative inquiry and relationship centred care. Outcomes of the research are based upon relationships between patients, families and staff. This paper focuses on in‐patient care for older people. A range of data generation activities were undertaken including: observation, interviews using emotional touch points and reflective accounts. To highlight outcomes in compassionate care, this paper uses case studies from two participating services. Principles of compassionate care were derived from understanding experiences of patients, relatives and staff and initiating responsive action projects. The aim was to enhance the experience of relationship centred, compassionate care. The process of emotional touch points enabled a richer understanding of experience. In terms of outcomes for patients this involved, enhanced quality of time spent with family and opening up conversations between families and staff. Outcomes for families involved enhanced access to relevant information and the opportunity to make sense of their situation. Staff outcomes were gaining experience in working alongside family to co‐create the service, enhanced understanding of the experiences of patients and relatives led to direct changes in individual and team practices.
Nutritive Evaluation of Protein from Anaerobically Digested Poultry Wastes as a Dietary Ingredient Replacer for Channel Catfish, Ictalurus punctatus
Authors: Eya Jonathan C. , Ashame Martha F. , Pomeroy Charles
Published: May 2010

Two experiments were conducted to determine the effects of feeding protein derived from anaerobically digested poultry wastes on the performance of channel catfish. In the first experiment, poultry waste protein (PWP) was used as a substitute protein source at 5, 10, 20, 30, and 40% levels on an isonitrogenous and isocalorific basis, and compared to a control (0% PWP) soybean meal/fish meal‐based practical diet. A digestibility trial was conducted with diets containing 0, 5, 10, and 20% PWP. There were no significant differences in growth performance, feed efficiency (FE), protein efficiency ratio (PER), and protein productive value (PPV) of channel catfish fed up to 20% substitution compared to the control diet. At replacement levels of 30 and 40%, there were significant (P < 0.05) decreases in growth performance, FE, PER, and PPV. The apparent absorption efficiency was generally high for all the essential amino acids. Although differences in apparent crude protein and phosphorous absorption efficiency were not significant (P > 0.05), the coefficients were highest for fish that received recovered protein at 10% dietary level. It is concluded that up to 20% of protein derived from thermophilic anaerobic digestion of poultry wastes can be substituted without negative effect on performance.
Use of Live Baker's Yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, in Practical Diet to Enhance the Growth Performance of Galilee Tilapia, Sarotherodon galilaeus (L.), and Its Resistance to Environmental Copper Toxicity
Authors: ABdel‐Tawwab Mohsen , Mousa Mamdouh A. A. , Mohammed Maaly A.
Published: May 2010

The potential use of dietary probiotics to enhance the growth and health of aquatic animals has recently attracted intensive attention. Therefore, this study was conducted to evaluate the growth response of Galilee tilapia, Sarotherodon galilaeus (L.), and its resistance to waterborne copper toxicity. Fish (2.5–3.3 g) were fed a diet containing either 0.0 or 10 g live yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, for 6 wk. After the feeding trial, fish at both diets were exposed to 0.0 or 1 ppm Copper (Cu) for 24 h, or 5 ppm Cu for 1 h (T1, T2, or T3 for groups fed basal control diet and T4, T5, or T6 for groups fed yeast supplement). The growth‐promoting influences of baker's yeast were observed. Feed utilization was significantly improved, and the biochemical parameters such as serum glucose, lipids, and protein increased when fish were fed a yeast‐enriched diet. No significant dietary effects were observed on creatinine, aspartate amninotransferase, and alanine aminotransferase because of yeast supplementation. After Cu exposure, the different biochemical parameters and Cu residues were significantly affected by yeast supplement, Cu levels, postexposure time, and their interactions (P < 0.05). Fish in all treatments biochemically recovered the effect of Cu toxicity within 4–8 days. The comparison of Cu residues in Cu‐treated groups, at the same times, revealed that yeast supplementation reduced Cu absorption and accumulation in fish body (P < 0.05). The obtained results indicate that baker's yeast could be used for Galilee tilapia culture to improve its growth performance and its resistance against the waterborne Cu toxicity.
Assessing Readiness for Couple Therapy: The Stages of Relationship Change Questionnaire
Authors: Bradford Kay
Published: May 2010

Client readiness for change is garnering increased interest both conceptually and methodologically. This article describes the reliability, validity, and utility of a measure of readiness for couple relationship change,

Schneider’s (2003)

Stages of Relationship Change Questionnaire (SRCQ). Based on the Transtheoretical Model of Change, the instrument measures change along nine domains of marital functioning. Results indicate that this one‐factor instrument may reliably measure readiness for change and discriminate between various stages of change. Most in this sample (n = 406) were in early stages of change, with men more often in the stage of precontemplation and women more often in contemplation. The SRCQ can be completed and scored in under 10 min. Clinical use and research implications are discussed.
From Cleland to Byron: The Unexpurgated British Version of Italian Art
Authors: GASH JOHN
Published: May 2010

The article seeks to provide a sample of non‐canonical eighteenth‐century British responses to Italian art – sometimes of a salacious nature – and to tie such responses both to the interaction between aesthetic education and sexual opportunity on the Grand Tour and to the wider eighteenth‐century narratives of scepticism, irony, taste and sentiment. Its protagonists range from art critics such as the Richardsons and famous writers such as Smollett, Burns and Byron through John Cleland (author of Fanny Hill) to Grand Tourists and collectors such as Charles Townley and John Bacon Sawrey Morritt.
‘A Trial for the Patience of Reason’? Grand Tourists and Anti‐Catholicism after 1745
Authors: HAYNES CLARE
Published: May 2010

It has been thought that anti‐Catholicism faded from elite British thinking after the Jacobite rising of 1745, evidenced most obviously by the passing of three Relief Acts between 1778 and 1829. This view needs some modification because anti‐Catholicism was still rehearsed extensively in Grand Tour literature well into the nineteenth century. Three common tropes of elite anti‐Catholic discourse are explored: attitudes to Jesuits, monks and nuns; places of pilgrimage; and the construction of Roman Catholicism as a twofold system of faith. The conclusion is drawn that anti‐Catholicism was maintained because it was essential both to Protestant identity and to toleration.
From the Worship of God to the Worship of Beauty? The Reception of Italian Catholic Religious Paintings in the Private Chapels of English Country Houses, c.1660‐c.1768
Authors: CHURCH‐SOULARD ANNABELLE
Published: May 2010

This study discusses the shifting reception of Italian Catholic religious paintings in the private chapels of English country houses. It first investigates how the practice of art collecting and patronage informs the strategies deployed by the English aristocracy to expunge from these pictures all Catholic overtones. It moves on to assess the impact of this ideological reinterpretation on works of art, whose original religious message was thus gradually displaced. The article concludes that these paintings came, effectively, to extol a religiosity of splendour, representative of a desire to glorify both the host's good taste and God's greatness.