bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Fan edits and the legacy of "The Phantom Edit"
Authors: Wille Joshua
Published: September 2014

A fan edit can generally be defined as an alternative version of a film or television text created by a fan. It offers a different viewing experience, much as a song remix offers a different listening experience. The contemporary wave of fan edits has emerged during the remix zeitgeist of digital media and at a time when digital video editing technology has become more affordable and popular. The increasing number of alternative versions of films and the works of revisionist Hollywood filmmakers such as George Lucas have contributed to a greater public understanding of cinema as a fluid medium instead of one that exists in a fixed form. The Phantom Edit (2000), a seminal fan edit based on Lucas's Star Wars Episode I: The Phantom Menace (1999), inspired new ranks of fan editors. However, critics have misunderstood fan edits as merely the work of disgruntled fans. In order to provide a critical and historical basis for studies in fan editing as a creative practice, I examine previous interpretations of fan edits in the context of relevant contemporary works, and I use an annotated chronology of The Phantom Edit to trace its influence on subsequent fan editing communities and uncover their relationship with intellectual property disputes.
"Fanged fan fiction" by Maria Lindgren Leavenworth and Malin Isaksson
Authors: Gilbert Anne
Published: September 2014

Review of Maria Lindgren Leavenworth and Malin Isaksson. Fanged fan fiction: Variations on "Twilight," "True Blood," and "The Vampire Diaries." Jefferson, NC: McFarland, 2013. Paperback, $40.00 (236p), ISBN 978-0-7864-7044-0.
A Competitive Strategy Analysis on China's Emerging Mobile TV Industry
Authors: Yang Yu , Chen Jindan
Published: September 2014

This paper investigates the fast-growing mobile TV industry in China. It uses a competitive strategy perspective to examine relations among main players and forces, including the incumbent 3G mobile operators, cable operators as new entrants, other emerging techniques, content providers as the suppliers and subscribers as the demanders. Two critical factors, the platform competition among operators and the switching costs of subscribers, are highlighted in the convergence context. This study offers insights on the above issues and contributes to our understanding on mobile TV market with a characteristic of convergence between network and content. Some questions on the regulation are discussed as well.
Modify and Adapt
Authors: Lane Kenneth E. , Lemoine Pamela , Tinney Tina M. , Richardson Michael D.
Published: September 2014

The combinations of global networking and digital delivery have intense repercussions for higher education administrators who confront a magnitude of opportunities and challenges as the result of the digital revolution. Much of the reaction to technological change comes from those with a vested interest in either wholesale change or maintaining the status quo. Taking the resilience metaphor from ecology, the authors propose a framework for analyzing an institution's ability to adapt to digital challenges. To compete in today's economic environment, higher education institutions must become more adaptive, responding more quickly to changing expectations from society, politicians and customers. The non-linear approach to problem-solving evident in higher education and society in general, reflects a need to be more flexible, adaptive to alternative techniques and willing to invest in a new culture designed to acquire knowledge rather than specific solutions. This level of organizational flexibility and responsiveness fuels university performance. In the globally competitive and commercialized start to the 21st Century there has been a considerable increase in the demands for higher education institutions to provide additional global access, and increase opportunities while simultaneously reducing budgets. Globalization and technology have introduced critical alterations to higher education institutions. The context of education has become dynamic, energetic, and economically driven. The emerging technologies have rapidly turned knowledge to power. In this context knowledge is viewed as a commodity that can be managed (bought and sold) while being a vibrant source of social activity and learning.
Competition on the Web Market Both Against Other Web Based Market Companies and Against Their Real Market Analogues
Authors: Caraganciu Iulian
Published: September 2014

The goal of this paper is to make known the business models by the type of seller and customer of the web market in order to better understand the field where web companies create competitive collusion. Further in this paper is going to be described the way competition between web companies and their real market analogues, as well as competition between web companies themselves, takes place. The types of business model that can be found on the web market are various. This shows us just how versatile the web market is. This paper aims to present a theoretical model on how competition between two web companies takes place, as it is not entirely a price based competition.
Improving Emergency Response Systems Through the Use of Intelligent Information Systems
Authors: Gasmelseid Tagelsir Mohamed
Published: September 2014

The shifts experienced in the environment of disaster operations and emergency response are reshaping the context of information acquisition and utilization in hospitals. In addition to the formulation of emergency response plans, healthcare organizations (especially hospitals) are being challenged by the growing need to maintain and share real time information necessary for the improvement of emergency response processes. Such information-related attention originates from many emergency-specific concerns including the limited focus of current emergency response information systems, decision limitations that challenge the formulation of decision support applications and the characterization of user requirements, the heterogeneity of emergency response information and the difficulty of integrating spatially distributed information sources. The increased attention in emergency response information also emerges from the recent technological developments (in terms of hardware, software functionalities, databases and telecommunication, among others) which significantly affected the processing, storage and retrieval of real time information. This paper focuses on the examination of the context of emergency response in Al Ahsaa area of Saudi Arabia and the applicability of multi-agent information systems through the proposal of an integrated architecture. Then it sheds light on the implementation concerns to ensure the contribution of the proposed architecture towards the engagement of stakeholders, the improvement of the availability and accessibility of emergency management information and the harmonization of emergency response operations. .
A Research of Employing Cognitive Load Theory in Science Education via Web-Pages
Authors: Lin Yuan-Cheng , Shen Ming-Hsun , Liu Chia-Ju
Published: September 2014

This study adopted Cognitive Load Theory (CLT) to investigate the influences of multimedia presentations on achievements of science learning and the correlations between eye-movement models under distinct multimedia combinations and learner-controlled modes. Three units from the Science Education Website set by the Ministry of Education (Tainan) to assist student learning were employed: Air and Combustion”, “Heat Effects toward Substances”, and “Healthy Diet.” This multifunctional website offers teaching resources, interesting experiments, inquiry experiments, virtual animations, multi-assessments, and supplementary materials, which are highly interactive and simulative. Six classes of fifth graders (n=192) participated in this study. Our findings showed that the combination of multimedia elements apparently influenced students' performance; the “animation + narration” group performed evidently better than the “animation + subtitles” group. When the animated subject matters were in small segments under the Segmentation Principle, multimedia presentations still brought affections to learning achievement, suggesting that the modality effect on students' learning exists constantly. Regarding the eye-movement models, this study focused mainly on discussing the “active-control mode” and “multimedia combination forms”. These eye movement data supplemented the evidences gained to identify the relevant results. In conclusion, inappropriate multimedia combinations may interfere with learning. More functions and information inputs do not guarantee better learning effects.
Online Technological Media in the Higher Education Classroom
Authors: Fife Eric , Nelson C. Leigh , Clarke Theresa B.
Published: September 2014

An exploratory quasi-experiment of college-level students was used to examine the difference in a variety of course indicators among instructors when they did not use Twitter as a supplement to their courses, when they moderately used Twitter, and when they used Twitter a great deal in their courses. When instructors used Twitter in their classes, perceived learning via technological mediums, perceived classroom community with regard to technological media, perceived pedagogical affect, perceived course effectiveness, perceived learning performance, and perceived perception of learning from Twitter were all greater than when they did not use Twitter in their courses. Overall results of this study recommend further research and a continued focus on the usage of Twitter in the higher education classroom.
Exploring Applications for Using Video Podcasts in Online Learning
Authors: Kay Robin H.
Published: September 2014

The purpose of this paper was to explore research-based applications for using video podcasts in an online learning environment. Five key video podcast uses were examined including administration, instruction, student assignments, feedback, and community. Administrative video podcasts provide course information on areas such as learning goals, lesson plan instructions, course policies, and homework or assignment expectations. Instruction-based video podcasts present short summaries or worked examples for teaching specific concepts. Student assignment video podcasts offer a creative way for students to demonstrate a variety of skills in a wide range of subject areas. Feedback-based video podcasts provide formative guidance to students about their progress or summative evaluation for assignments they complete. Finally, community-based video podcasts help build instructor-to-peer and peer-to-peer connections within an online learning course. Future exploration on the design of video podcasts, regardless of the application used, is discussed.
Feelings of a Cyborg
Authors: Warwick K. , Harrison I.
Published: September 2014

In this article the two authors describe their personal experiences in experimenting as Cyborgs by having technology implanted in their body which they have lived with over a period. Each experiment is dealt with in a separate section. In each case the nature of the experiment is briefly described along with the results obtained and this is followed by an indication of the personal feelings and emotions felt in and around the time of the experiments.
Turing's Three Senses of “Emotional”
Authors: Proudfoot Diane
Published: September 2014

Turing used the expression “emotional” in three distinct ways: to state his philosophical theory of the concept of intelligence, to classify arguments for and against the possibility of machine intelligence, and to describe the education of a “child machine”. The remarks on emotion include several of the most important philosophical claims. This paper analyses these remarks and their significance for current research in Artificial Intelligence.
The Social Psychology of Dialogue Simulation as Applied in Elbot
Authors: Roberts Fred
Published: September 2014

Because of the high expectations users have on virtual assistants to interact with said systems on a human level, the rules of social interaction potentially apply and less the influence of emotion cues associated with the system responses. To this end the social psychological theories of control, reactance, schemata, and social comparison suggest strategies to transform the dialogue with a virtual assistant into an encounter with a consistent and cohesive personality, in effect using the mind-set of the user to the advantage of the conversation, provoking the user into reacting predictably while at the same time preserving the user's illusion of control. These methods are presented in an online system: Elbot.com.
Prior Family Communication and Consent to Organ Donation: Using Intensive Care Physicians’ Perception to Model Decision Processes
Authors: Schulz Peter J. , van Ackere Ann , Hartung Uwe , Dunkel Anke
Published: September 2014

Generally, the Swiss hold favourable attitudes to organ donation, but only few carry a donor card. If no card is found on a potential donor, families have to be approached about donation. The aim of this paper is to model the role that some family communication factors play in the family decision to consent or not to organ donation by a brain dead relative. Information was gathered in face-to-face interviews, using a questionnaire and recording open answers and comments. Eight heads of intensive care units (ICU) of Swiss hospitals and one representative from Swisstransplant were interviewed. Questions asked respondents to estimate the prevalence and effect of communication factors in families facing a decision to consent to donation. Answers were averaged for modelling purposes. Modelling also relies on a previous representative population survey for cross-validation. The family of the deceased person is almost always approached about donation. Physicians perceive that prior thinking and favourable predisposition to donation are correlated and that the relatives’ predisposition is the most important factor for the consent to donation, up to the point that a negative predisposition may override an acknowledged wish of the deceased to donate. Donor cards may trigger family communication and ease the physicians’ approach to family about donation. Campaigns should encourage donate-willing people to talk to their families about it, make people think about organ donation and try to change unfavourable predispositions.
Addiction Medicine: An Important Field for Public Health
Authors: Wunsch Martha J.
Published: September 2014

The abuse of illegal drugs is one of the greatest challenges that the world is facing today. Occurring in all countries, from the richest to the poorest, it is a problem that involves all groups and, increasingly, all ages, fuelling global crime, corruption and terrorism, generating unimaginable wealth for the few and limitless harm for the many, costing millions of lives and threatening the very sustainability of communities the world over.1
Sensitivity Analysis of Ride Behaviour of Indian Railway Rajdhani Coach using Lagrangian Dynamics
Authors: Sharma Rakesh Chandmal
Published: September 2014

In this paper, the ride analysis of Rajdhani coach is undertaken using 37 degrees of freedom vertical-lateral coupled vehicle-track model that is formulated using Lagrangian dynamics. The vehicle is considered to be moving along a straight track at a constant speed of 130 kmph. The simulated results of ride behaviour are compared with the experimental data. A sensitivity analysis is carried out in order to investigate the influence of mass and moment of inertia of car body, suspension stiffness, damping coefficient and wheel base on the ride behaviour.
Deposition mode ice nucleation reexamined at temperatures below 200 K
Authors: Thomson E. S. , Kong X. , Papagiannakopoulos P. , Pettersson J. B. C.
Published: September 2014

Abstract. The environmental chamber of a molecular beam apparatus is used to study deposition nucleation of ice on graphite, alcohols and acetic and nitric acids at temperatures between 155 and 200 K. The critical supersaturations necessary to spontaneously nucleate water ice on six different substrate materials are observed to occur at higher supersaturations than are theoretically predicted. This contradictory result motivates more careful examination of the experimental conditions and the underlying basis of the current theories. An analysis based on classical nucleation theory supports the view that at these temperatures nucleation is primarily controlled by the rarification of the vapor and the strength of water's interaction with the substrate surface. The technique enables a careful probing of the underlying processes of ice nucleation and the substrate materials of study. The relevance of the findings to tropospheric temperatures is discussed.
Influence of clouds on the oxidising capacity of the troposphere
Authors: Whalley L. K. , Stone D. , George I. J. , Mertes S. , van Pinxteren D. , Tilgner A. , Herrmann H. , Evans M. J. , Heard D. E.
Published: September 2014

Abstract. The potential for chemistry occurring in cloud droplets to impact atmospheric composition has been known for some time. However, the lack of direct observations and uncertainty in the magnitude of these reactions, led to this area being overlooked in most chemistry transport models. Here we present observations from Mt. Schmücke, Germany, of the HO2 radical made alongside a suite of cloud measurements. HO2 concentrations were depleted in-cloud by up to 90% with the rate of heterogeneous loss of HO2 to clouds necessary to bring model and measurements into agreement demonstrating a dependence on droplet surface area and pH. This provides the first observationally derived assessment for the uptake coefficient of HO2 to cloud droplets and was found to be in good agreement with theoretically derived parameterisations. Global model simulations, including this cloud uptake, showed impacts on the oxidizing capacity of the troposphere that depended critically on whether the HO2 uptake leads to production of H2O2 or H2O.
Comment on "Reduced efficacy of marine cloud brightening geoengineering due to in-plume aerosol coagulation: parameterization and global implications"
Authors: Anand S. , Mayya Y. S.
Published: September 2014

Abstract. We examine the parametrized model of Stuart et al. (2013) vis-a-vis a diffusion based model proposed by us earlier (Anand and Mayya, 2011) to estimate the fraction of aerosol particles surviving coagulation in a dispersing plume. While the Stuart et al.'s approach is based on the solutions to the coagulation problem in a uniformly mixed expanding puff model, the diffusion based approach solves the diffusion-coagulation equation for a standing plume to arrive at the survival fraction correlations. We discuss the conceptual differences between the survival fraction estimates from standing plume models as opposed to that from puff models. The two models predict different functional forms for dependencies of the survival fraction on source and atmospheric related parameters. We compare the results for different case studies presented in Stuart et al. (2013) involving different particle emission rates and atmospheric stability categories. There appear to be better agreement between the two models at higher survival fractions as compared to lower survival fractions; on the whole, the two models agree with each other within a difference of 10%. The diffusion based models have the inherent capability to generate similarity parameters with inbuilt exponents and hence avoid the parameterization exercise. However, their limitation lies in the choice of a representative value for the coagulation coefficient in an evolving aerosol system, which has been addressed in a more satisfactory manner by the parameterization method. The present comparative exercise, although limited in scope, seems to suggest that either of the two forms of expressions might be suitable for incorporation into global/regional scale air pollution models for predicting the contribution of localized sources to the particle number loading in the atmosphere.
Changes in Imja Tsho in the Mount Everest region of Nepal
Authors: Somos-Valenzuela M. A. , McKinney D. C. , Rounce D. R. , Byers A. C.
Published: September 2014

Abstract. Imja Tsho, located in the Sagarmatha (Everest) National Park of Nepal, is one of the most studied and rapidly growing lakes in the Himalayan range. Compared with previous studies, the results of our sonar bathymetric survey conducted in September of 2012 suggest that its maximum depth has increased from 90.5 to 116.3 ± 5.2 m since 2002, and that its estimated volume has grown from 35.8 ± 0.7 to 61.7 ± 3.7 million m3. Most of the expansion of the lake in recent years has taken place in the glacier terminus–lake interface on the eastern end of the lake, with the glacier receding at about 52 m yr−1 and the lake expanding in area by 0.04 km2 yr−1. A ground penetrating radar survey of the Imja–Lhotse Shar glacier just behind the glacier terminus shows that the ice is over 200 m thick in the center of the glacier. The volume of water that could be released from the lake in the event of a breach in the damming moraine on the western end of the lake has increased to 34.1 ± 1.08 million m3 from the 21 million m3 estimated in 2002.
There are No Sex-Specific Differences in Habituation and Prepulse Inhibition of Acoustic Startle Response in Sprague Dawley Rats
Authors: Shaikh Komal T , Schmid Susanne
Published: September 2014

Habituation is characterized by a gradual decrease in response to a repeated, irrelevant stimulus. In rodents, habituation can be studied using the acoustic startle response (ASR). ASR can also be modulated by prepulse inhibition (PPI), where the presentation of a sub-threshold pre-stimulus decreases an organism’s behavioural response to a subsequent high intensity stimulus. While sex-specific differences in habituation and PPI have been observed in humans in association with several disorders, such as bipolar disorder and schizophrenia, they have not been extensively studied in a healthy model in Sprague Dawley rats. Pre-existing sex-specific differences have important implications for characterizing diseases on the basis of non-associative learning deficits. Furthermore, female subjects are often excluded from non-associative learning experiments due to potential effects of hormonal fluctuations on startle modulations. The focus of this study was to investigate any sex differences in startle modulations with the hope of addressing any experimental concerns with the use of females in non-associative learning experiments. This experiment observed short-term habituation and PPI in male and female Sprague Dawley rats from postnatal day 12 to 40. Habituation was assessed through the presentation of a high intensity (105 db) acoustic stimulus for twenty trials, with stimulus duration of 20ms per trial. PPI was measured through exposure to a prepulse of three possible intensities (0 db, 75 db, 80 db) for duration of 4 ms, followed by exposure to the pulse (105 db), with an ISI of 50 ms. There was no significant difference in prepulse inhibition between sex. Similarly, there was no significant sex difference in habituation. This experiment indicates that habituation and prepulse inhibition are not significantly affected by gender differences, perhaps due in part to the adaptive nature of non-associative learning.
A FORMAÇÃO CONTINUADA DE PROFESSORES NA ESCOLA DE TEMPO INTEGRAL
Authors: Lobato Iobato Mesquita
Published: September 2014

Assim como todas as esferas da sociedade, a educação nas últimas décadas do século XX passa por profundas mudanças estruturais que perpassam por pontos relevantes como Currículo, Projeto Político Pedagógico, Formação continuada de professores. Neste estudo nossa atenção estará voltada para este último direcionando-o para a escola de tempo integral que exige do profissional da educação ações que dialoguem com outros espaços educativos, que ofereça a seus educandos uma formação completa, inteira, integral
CONSUMO E EDUCAÇÃO
Authors: Marques Abimael Antunes
Published: September 2014

Este pequeno artigo propõe-se a discutir os estereótipos visuais veiculados na cultura de consumo. Esta visualidade é marcada, principalmente, pela apresentação de imagens infantis veiculadas na mídia e por objetos consumidos pelo público em geral. A preponderância do imaginário estereotipado passa a edificar uma subjetividade homogeneizada, intensificando os discursos estabelecidos que reforçam as desigualdades. O estabelecimento de um olhar crítico sobre estes estereótipos será proposto como alternativa para entender novas formas de temporalidade e como esta temática deverá ser abordada em sala de aula.
A PRÁTICA DE ESTÁGIO EM PSICOLOGIA EM UMA INSTITUIÇÃO DE SAÚDE DE JATAÍ-GO: EVOLUÇÃO PESSOAL E APRIMORAMENTO PROFISSIONAL
Authors: Lobo Bruna Trevizoli Ferraz , Vieira Érico Douglas
Published: September 2014

Este trabalho descreve uma experiência de estágio em Psicologia da Universidade Federal de Goiás – Campus Jataí, que foi realizado em uma instituição de saúde. As diferenças entre a atuação do psicólogo no hospital e a atuação tradicional clínica em Psicologia foram traçadas. O profissional deve adaptar as intervenções ao contexto hospitalar bem como tecer relações com os outros profissionais de saúde. A supervisão semanal com docente do curso de Psicologia pretendeu trabalhar em duas frentes. Havia um momento didático/pedagógico no qual os atendimentos eram relatados pela estagiária e estratégias de intervenção co-construídas entre esta e o supervisor. Havia um segundo momento, clínico/terapêutico no qual o supervisor trabalhava com a escuta dos sentimentos suscitados pela prática do estágio e pela vivência do último ano do curso. Constatou-se uma articulação entre a evolução pessoal da estagiária, facilitada por este espaço clínico, com o desenvolvimento de estratégias de atendimentos mais eficazes e humanizadas.
GESTÃO ESCOLAR: ADEQUAÇÃO ÀS ORIENTAÇÕES GERAIS DO CAPITALISMO NEOLIBERAL
Authors: Santos Flávio Reis
Published: September 2014

O objetivo do presente trabalho se encontra na apresentação da adequação do campo educacional brasileiro à heterogeneidade das demandas do mercado capitalista na proporção em que permitiu e/ou aceitou a interferência direta e incisiva do Banco Mundial na proposição e estabelecimento de novos modelos para a administração e gestão escolar sob uma pressuposta orientação democrática.
Urinary Incontinence in a Dog With an Ectopic Ureterocele
Authors: Lautzenhiser Sarah J. , Bjorling Dale E.
Published: September 2014

A 7-month-old, female English cocker spaniel was examined because of a complaint of urinary incontinence. Excretory urography revealed a small right kidney and right-sided hydroureter, ectopic ureter, and ureterocele. Ureteronephrectomy and ovariohysterectomy were performed, but the distal ureter and ureterocele were left in situ. Recurrent urinary tract infections and intermittent urinary incontinence persisted after surgery. Vaginourethrography demonstrated the presence of a urethral diverticulum associated with the ureterocele. Ureterocelectomy was performed, and the dog remains continent 4 years after ureterocelectomy. Persistent urinary incontinence and urinary tract infection were attributed to failure to resect the ureterocele.
Intravesical Ureterocele With Concurrent Renal Dysfunction in a Dog: A Case Report and Proposed Classification System
Authors: Stiffler Kevin S. , McCrackin Stevenson M. A. , Mahaffey Mary B. , Howerth Elizabeth W. , Barsanti Jeanne A.
Published: September 2014

A unilateral intravesical ureterocele was diagnosed by ultrasonography in a 5-year-old female Pekingese that was referred for evaluation of increased hepatic enzymes. Ureteroceles are cystic dilatations of the submucosal portion of the distal ureter. They are frequently reported in humans but are uncommonly reported in dogs. This report describes surgical resection of the ureterocele and reduction of ipsilateral hydroureter in a dog that also had bilateral renal dysfunction and suffered progressive mild azotemia postoperatively. This report demonstrates that canine ureteroceles can occur concurrently with bilateral renal dysfunction and offers a classification system designed to encourage thorough urinary tract evaluation for determining prognosis.
Kartagener’s Syndrome in a Dachshund Dog
Authors: Neil Julie A. , Canapp Sherman O. , Cook Cristi R. , Lattimer Jimmy C.
Published: September 2014

Kartagener’s syndrome (KS) is a rare, congenital condition characterized by situs inversus, rhinosinusitis, and bronchiectasis. An underlying ciliary dysfunction (e.g., immotility or dyskinetic beating) produces most of the clinical signs seen in affected animals. This case report reviews the history, clinical signs, and diagnosis of KS in a male, long-haired dachshund. This is the first known report of KS, and thus primary ciliary dyskinesia, in this breed of dog.
Clinical Signs, Clinicopathological Findings, Etiology, and Outcome Associated With Hemoptysis in Dogs: 36 Cases (1990–1999)
Authors: Bailiff Nathan L. , Norris Carol R.
Published: September 2014

Hemoptysis, the expectoration of blood or bloody mucus from the respiratory tract at or below the larynx, was retrospectively evaluated in 36 dogs. Cough, tachypnea, and dyspnea were common historical and physical examination signs. Anemia was documented in 11 dogs, but was severe in only one dog. Other clinicopathological findings reflected the underlying diseases. All thoracic radiographs obtained were abnormal; alveolar and interstitial patterns were most common. Diseases predisposing to hemoptysis included bacterial bronchopneumonia (n=7), neoplasia (n=5), trauma (n=5), immune-mediated thrombocytopenia (n=4), heartworm disease (n=4), rodenticide poisoning (n=3), lung-lobe torsion (n=1), left-sided congestive heart failure (n=1), pulmonary hypertension (n=1), and foreign-body pneumonia (n=1). Four additional dogs had more than one underlying disease process. Nine dogs were either euthanized or died in the hospital during the initial visit. While at least half of the 27 dogs discharged went on to completely recover, five dogs discharged were known to have either died or been euthanized as a result of their disease in <6 months.
Tetraparesis in a Cat With Fibrocartilaginous Emboli
Authors: Abramson Carley J. , Platt Simon R. , Stedman Nancy L.
Published: September 2014

An 8-year-old cat, with a history of ataxia that progressed to tetraparesis over a 5-day period, was evaluated. A lesion was localized to the sixth cervical (C6) to second thoracic (T2) spinal cord segments based on physical and neurological examination findings. Blood work was unremarkable, as was survey radiography of the thoracic and abdominal cavities. Cerebrospinal fluid analysis showed moderate neutrophilic inflammation. A definitive diagnosis was not made until necropsy, at which time intravascular fibrocartilaginous embolization (FCE) of the cervical spinal cord was identified. This is only the third published report of FCE in the feline species and the first such case involving the cervical spinal cord.
Synovial T-Cell Lymphoma of the Stifle in a Dog
Authors: Lahmers Sunshine M. , Mealey Katrina L. , Martinez Steven A. , Haldorson Gary J. , Sellon Rance K. , Cambridge Anthony J.
Published: September 2014

A 6-year-old, 43-kg, spayed female rottweiler was presented for a 1-month history of progressive, left hind-limb lameness. Upon physical examination, a cranial drawer sign and joint distention were present in the left stifle. Radiographically, the stifle had evidence of effusion, remodeling of the patella, and an enlarged popliteal lymph node. Marked synovial thickening and an intact cranial cruciate ligament were noted during surgery. Despite finding a nonspecific, mixed inflammatory response on joint fluid cytopathology, histopathology demonstrated T-cell lymphoma of the synovium. Lameness may be the sole presenting clinical sign in canine lymphoma.
Cerebral Phaeohyphomycosis Caused by Cladosporium spp. in Two Domestic Shorthair Cats
Authors: Mariani Christopher L. , Platt Simon R. , Scase Timothy J. , Howerth Elizabeth W. , Chrisman Cheryl L. , Clemmons Roger M.
Published: September 2014

Two domestic shorthair cats presented for clinical signs related to multifocal central nervous system dysfunction. Both cats had signs of vestibular system involvement and anisocoria, and one had generalized seizure activity. Cerebrospinal fluid analysis revealed a neutrophilic pleocytosis with protein elevation in one cat and pyogranulomatous inflammation in the second. Electroencephalography and brain-stem auditory-evoked potentials in the first cat confirmed cerebral cortical and brain-stem involvement. Euthanasia was performed in both cats, and postmortem diagnoses of phaeohyphomycosis secondary to Cladosporium spp. were made based on histopathology and fungal culture in both cats.
Measurement of Capillary Blood Glucose Concentrations by Pet Owners: A New Tool in the Management of Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Casella Martina , Wess Gerhard , Reusch Claudia E.
Published: September 2014

Recently a new method for capillary blood sampling from the ears of dogs and cats was described, which allows the measurement of glucose concentration by means of portable glucose meters. The authors of this report evaluated the suitability of this method for use by pet owners and the potential technical problems. The owners of seven healthy dogs and seven healthy cats were asked to perform two glucose curves (measuring blood glucose concentration every 2 hours for a total of 12 hours). All dog owners and three cat owners were able to perform a reliable blood glucose curve. The most frequently encountered problems were inadequate formation of a blood drop due to excessive digital pressure on the pinna, repeatedly depressing the plunger of the lancet device instead of allowing the negative pressure to slowly build up, and failure to fill the test strip up to the mark. The authors conclude that these steps of the procedure need to be stressed during technique demonstration and that home monitoring of blood glucose concentrations may serve as a new tool in the management of diabetic dogs and cats.
Muscle Cramps in Two Standard Poodles With Hypoadrenocorticism
Authors: Saito Miyoko , Olby Natasha J. , Obledo Leticia , Gookin Jody L.
Published: September 2014

Two standard poodles were evaluated for painful, episodic muscle cramps affecting their thoracic and pelvic limbs. Both dogs had been diagnosed with hypoadrenocorticism and were being treated with fludrocortisone acetate and prednisone when evaluated for muscle cramps. However, the muscle cramping started approximately 1 month prior to the diagnosis of hypoadrenocorticism. Findings on general physical examination included lethargy and dehydration. Neurological examination was normal between episodes. Serum biochemical abnormalities included hyperalbuminemia, azotemia, hyponatremia, hypochloremia, and hyperkalemia. Altering treatment to desoxycorticosterone pivalate resolved the electrolyte abnormalities and the episodes of muscle cramping in both dogs. The authors conclude that hypoadrenocorticism can be associated with episodes of painful muscle cramping in standard poodles.
A Comparison of Thiopental, Propofol, and Diazepam-Ketamine Anesthesia for Evaluation of Laryngeal Function in Dogs Premedicated With Butorphanol-Glycopyrrolate
Authors: Gross Marjorie E. , Dodam John R. , Pope Eric R. , Jones Brent D.
Published: September 2014

Thiopental, propofol, and diazepam-ketamine were compared for evaluation of laryngeal function in dogs. There was no significant difference among the three protocols in time to observation of normal function after drug administration or in the occurrence of swallowing, laryngospasm, or breathing. Jaw tone was significantly greater with diazepam-ketamine. Exposure of the larynx was excellent in five dogs and moderate in three dogs, each receiving thiopental or propofol. Exposure was excellent in one dog, moderate in six dogs, and poor in one dog receiving diazepam-ketamine. Exposure of the larynx for laryngeal function evaluation is more readily accomplished with thiopental or propofol than with diazepam-ketamine.
Cutaneopulmonary Fistula in a Dog Caused by Migration of a Toothpick
Authors: Jackson Andrew H. , Degner Daniel A.
Published: September 2014

A 6-year-old, neutered male, mixed-breed dog was presented for a chronic draining tract and cough. A contrast fistulogram demonstrated a cutaneopulmonary fistula. Excision of the fistulous tract retrieved a migrating foreign body (i.e., a toothpick) within the tract. Clinical signs resolved 2 weeks following surgery. Foreign body migration is a common problem seen in dogs, resulting in many different clinical syndromes. Definitive surgery depends upon complete removal of the foreign body and the diseased tissue. Sinography is an inexpensive, readily available diagnostic tool that can help define a draining tract and confirm a foreign body.
Clinicopathological, Ultrasonographic, and Histopathological Findings of Superficial Necrolytic Dermatitis With Hepatopathy in a Cat
Authors: Kimmel Susan E. , Christiansen Wendy , Byrne Kevin P.
Published: September 2014

This report describes the antemortem diagnosis and antemortem and postmortem findings of superficial necrolytic dermatitis with hepatopathy (i.e., hepatocutaneous syndrome) in a cat. A 5-year-old Maine coon was evaluated because of a history of pruritic alopecia and liver enzyme elevations. Abdominal ultrasonography revealed a reticular pattern to the hepatic parenchyma. Histopathological findings of the liver were nodular regeneration with bands of vacuolated hepatocytes and bile duct hyperplasia, characteristic of the hepatopathy frequently associated with superficial necrolytic dermatitis. Skin histopathology revealed multifocal parakeratosis, midepidermal spongiosis, and basal cell hyperplasia consistent with superficial necrolytic dermatitis.
Traumatic Body Wall Herniation in 36 Dogs and Cats
Authors: Shaw Scott P. , Rozanski Elizabeth A. , Rush John E.
Published: September 2014

Traumatic body wall hernias (TBWH) are serious sequelae to traumatic injury in dogs and cats. During the study period, 26 dogs and 10 cats with surgically managed TBWH were identified. Five cases (four dogs, one cat) did not have their hernias identified during the first 24 hours of hospitalization. Bite wounds were the most common cause of TBWH, accounting for 54% of canine and 40% of feline hernias. Twelve cases (nine dogs, three cats) had serious intra-abdominal injuries diagnosed in addition to their TBWH. Seventy-three percent of dogs and 80% of cats survived to hospital discharge. In addition, the authors report the occurrence of a unique cause of herniation, termed an autopenetrating hernia.
Ultrasonographic Signs of Intestinal Intussusception Associated With Acute Enteritis or Gastroenteritis in 19 Young Dogs
Authors: Patsikas Michail N. , Jakovljevic Samuel , Moustardas Nicolaos , Papazoglou Lysimachos G. , Kazakos George M. , Dessiris Aggelos K.
Published: September 2014

The ultrasonographic pattern of intestinal intussusception was studied in 19 young dogs with acute enteritis or gastroenteritis. The intussusception was observed to be a target-like mass consisting of a hyperechoic or anechoic center surrounded by multiple hyperechoic and hypoechoic concentric rings in transverse sections. In longitudinal sections, the intussusception appeared as multiple hyperechoic and hypoechoic parallel lines, as a tumor-like or pseudokidney mass, and as a trident-like configuration. Ultrasonography may provide a sensitive, specific, and accurate method of diagnosing intestinal intussusception in young dogs.
Clinicopathological Evidence of Pseudomyxoma Peritonei in a Dog With Intestinal Mucinous Adenocarcinoma
Authors: Bertazzolo Walter , Roccabianca Paola , Crippa Luca , Caniatti Mario
Published: September 2014

An 11-year-old, intact female Pekingese dog was presented because of chronic vomiting. Clinical examination and diagnostic imaging suggested the presence of an intestinal mass. Laparotomy was performed, and a gelatinous effusion associated with a suspected jejunal neoplasm was found. Accumulation of gelatinous material was grossly evident in several abdominal organs and parietal peritoneum. Cytopathological smears from this material showed macrophages, reactive mesothelial cells, and spindle cells embedded in a mucinous basophilic background. After spontaneous death, necropsy and histopathology were performed and showed the presence of an invasive mucinous adenocarcinoma with visceral and peritoneal metastases. The clinicopathological findings of this case report closely resemble those reported in human cases of pseudomyxoma peritonei.
Treatment of Renal Nephroblastoma in an Adult Dog
Authors: Seaman Rebecca L. , Patton Clark S.
Published: September 2014

An 8-year-old Labrador retriever was diagnosed with a unilateral malignant nephroblastoma and hypertrophic osteopathy. The histopathologically malignant tumor was confined to the renal capsule, but the sarcomatous component was anaplastic, resulting in its classification as a Stage I tumor with unfavorable histopathology. The dog was treated with unilateral nephrectomy, vincristine, and doxorubicin. This dog has remained disease free for >25 months. Reported treatments of renal nephroblastoma in the dog have not described disease-free intervals of >8 months.
Fatal Hemothorax Following Management of an Esophageal Foreign Body
Authors: Cohn Leah A. , Stoll Melissa R. , Branson Keith R. , Roudabush Alice D. , Kerl Marie E. , Langdon Paige F. , Johannes Chad M.
Published: September 2014

A 10.8-year-old, spayed female toy poodle presented with an esophageal foreign body. The foreign body was removed endoscopically, and a gastrostomy tube was placed to provide nutritional support during esophageal healing. The gastrostomy tube was later removed by endoscopic retrieval of the bulb through the esophagus. Immediately afterward, the dog developed hemothorax and eventually died. It was determined that many small arterial branches were avulsed from the aorta. The involved sections of aorta histopathogically evidenced medial necrosis, which was believed to be related to a prior disruption of blood flow through the vasa vasorum.
Astrocytomas in Young Dogs
Authors: Kube Stephanie A. , Bruyette David S. , Hanson Stephen M.
Published: September 2014

Primary brain tumors are not commonly reported in young dogs; however, they are the second most common cancer in children. Astrocytomas are the majority of these tumors. This report presents three cases of astrocytomas in young dogs, indicating a possible higher incidence than what is currently held. When suspected, it is recommended that biopsy or surgical excision be performed to further characterize and grade the tumor and, if appropriate, guide treatment.
Qualitative Urinalyses in Puppies 0 to 24 Weeks of Age
Authors: Faulks Rhonda D. , Lane India F.
Published: September 2014

Suggestions for interpreting qualitative urinalyses from puppies have been based on limited results obtained in the laboratory setting. Proteinuria, glucosuria, and decreased concentration of urine have been considered normal in puppies <8 weeks of age due to immature renal function. In this study, the authors reviewed 149 voided urine samples from 118 different, apparently healthy, random-source puppies. The primary finding was that mean urine specific gravity (USG) was significantly lower in 0- to 3-week-old puppies when compared to puppies 4 to 24 weeks old. Mean USG in all other age groups was >1.030. There was no difference in the frequency of positive protein or occult blood dipstick results among age groups, and there were no positive glucose, ketone, bilirubin, or urobilinogen reactions in any samples analyzed. Urine sediment results are reported for 41 samples. Epithelial cells and white blood cells were the most common sediment findings in these 41 voided samples, observed in 34 (83%) and 18 (44%) samples, respectively. Crystals were observed in 15 (37%) samples, whereas casts, bacteria, and red blood cells were observed less commonly.
Large Granular Lymphocytosis, Lymphocyte Subset Inversion, Thrombocytopenia, Dysproteinemia, and Positive Ehrlichia Serology in a Dog
Authors: Heeb Heather L. , Wilkerson Melinda J. , Chun Ruthanne , Ganta Roman Reddy
Published: September 2014

A 7-year-old, mixed-breed dog was presented for evaluation of a possible lymphocytic leukemia. Results of laboratory testing included thrombocytopenia, large granular lymphocytosis, inverted CD4:CD8 ratio, hyperglobulinemia, and hypoalbuminemia. Results of a tick-borne disease panel indicated a positive immunoglobulin G serum titer (1:2,048) to Ehrlichia canis, supporting exposure to this organism. The dog responded to a combination treatment of doxycycline and prednisone. A review of the literature and novel diagnostic methods that aided in the diagnosis of this case are discussed.
Nasal and Facial Reconstruction in a Dog Following Severe Trauma
Authors: Welch Janet A. , Swaim Steven F.
Published: September 2014

Successful reconstruction of the nasomaxillary region requires closure of oronasal communication and maintenance of a patent upper airway. A dog with traumatic amputation of the nasomaxillary region was presented for reconstructive surgery. Staged surgical procedures were performed with the goal of closing the oronasal fistula, reapposing facial tissues, forming a granulation bed in each nasal passage, and harvesting and placing mucosal grafts in the nasal passages. A novel technique for developing a granulation tissue bed for mucosal grafts using silicone rubber tubing was employed. The end result of the reconstructive surgeries was a relatively cosmetic appearance with patent nasal openings.
Editorial—A Time for Renewal
Authors: Ingwersen Walt
Published: September 2014

The purpose of the JOURNAL of the American Animal Hospital Association is to publish accurate, timely scientific and technical information pertaining to the practice of small animal medicine and surgery.
Clinical Evaluation and Long-Term Follow-Up of Dogs Having Coronoidectomy for Elbow Incongruity
Authors: Puccio Margaret , Marino Dominic J. , Stefanacci Joseph D. , McKenna Brian
Published: September 2014

A retrospective study was performed describing the clinical presentations, radiographic findings, and surgical outcomes of 17 dogs (18 elbows) following medial coronoidectomy for the treatment of elbow joint incongruity as a sole disease entity. Complete resolution of lameness was achieved in 100% of the cases. The mean radiographic arthrosis grade progressed in 70% of the cases. Results of this study indicate that resolution of clinical lameness may be achieved with medial coronoidectomy in dogs with elbow incongruity; however, progression of degenerative joint disease with unknown, long-term clinical significance can be expected after surgery.
Circular External Skeletal Fixation Stabilization of Antebrachial and Crural Fractures in 25 Dogs
Authors: Anderson Gregory M. , Lewis Daniel D. , Radasch Robert M. , Marcellin-Little Denis J. , Degna Matteo Tommasini , Cross Alan R.
Published: September 2014

Fracture stabilization using circular external skeletal fixation was evaluated in 14 dogs with antebrachial fractures and 11 dogs with crural fractures. Most dogs were consistently weight bearing on the stabilized limb by 3 days following surgery. Although all dogs developed minor wire/pin tract inflammation and eight dogs developed major wire/pin tract inflammation, postoperative lameness was not consistently associated with wire/pin tract complications. Fractures in 23 dogs achieved radiographic union (mean±standard deviation [SD], 61±21 days; median, 57 days) without additional surgery; two dogs required restabilization of their fractures with linear fixators. Twenty of the 21 owners that could be contacted felt their dog had no (n=15) or only a mild (n=5) intermittent lameness at the time of final, long-term (mean±SD, 37±17 months; median, 42 months) assessment.