bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Limited hybridisation and introgression despite stocking among endemic Interior Highlands black basses (Centrarchidae: Micropterus)
Authors: Gunn Joe C. , Taylor Andrew T. , Buckingham Jeff J. , Kern Aaron I. , Long James M.
Published: August 2023

Aim

Smallmouth Bass (Micropterus dolomieu; SMB) are globally popular among anglers and have been widely introduced (i.e. stocked) for population management and sportfishing. Importantly, stocking was prevalent before cryptic diversity within the SMB complex was known, which now includes three newly elevated species: Neosho Bass (M. velox; NB), Little River Bass (M. sp. cf. dolomieu Little River; LRB) and Ouachita Bass (M. sp. cf. dolomieu Ouachita River; OB). We sought to quantify population structure and hybridisation and introgression in these three recently described species.

Location

Species‐level diversity, particularly in the basin‐restricted LRB and OB in the Ouachita Mountains within the Central Interior Highlands (CIH), North America, suggests the presence of distinct genetic variation that could be eroded by introgression.

Methods

We estimated interspecific introgression and intraspecific population differentiation in the Smallmouth Bass species complex (SMB‐C) using 472 specimens comprising SMB, NB, LRB and OB, including the naturally sympatric Spotted Bass (M. punctulatus; SPB). Genomic samples were genotyped on a SNP panel of 192 loci designed to detect allele‐sharing on multiple hierarchical levels.

Results

We found low range‐wide hybridisation between species in the SMB‐C and SPB (mostly SMB‐C backcrosses), and interspecific heterozygosity varied, indicating differential introgression. Range‐wide hybridisation between species in the CIH and SMB was similar overall (but mostly F2 and CIH backcrosses) and was observed in streams with known SMB stocking in connected reservoirs. Interspecific heterozygosity in SMB hybrids was also generally lower, indicating later‐generation backcrosses. We found strong population structure in the Ouachita Mountains (LRB and OB).

Main Conclusions

Despite isolated incidences of natural (SPB) and human‐mediated (SMB) introgression, genomic identity appears intact in endemic LRB and OB, suggesting potential ecological or behavioural isolating mechanisms preventing cross‐species reproduction. Our findings reveal that genetic variation remains in cryptic, basin‐restricted species in the Ouachita Mountains ecoregion that may be managed for long‐term conservation.
Social but not solitary bee abundance tracks pollen protein accumulation in forest canopy gaps
Authors: Davies Cora B. , Davis Thomas S.
Published: August 2023

Forest restoration projects that create canopy gaps can promote floral diversity and may provide reservoirs for bee–flower interactions. However, periods of bee activity must match availability of floral nutrition for bees to benefit from these effects.

We model variation in canopy gap size, floral density, pollen protein and bee and floral traits to test the hypothesis that patterns of floral visitation in bee–flower interactions are predicted by patch structure, variation in bee life histories and floral phenotypes.

Canopy gap size did not predict overlap of foraging bee abundances and floral protein, but bee life‐history traits did. Foraging activity of large ground‐nesting bees matched accumulation of protein density, whereas activity of small cavity‐nesting bees and kleptoparasitic species preceded peak protein density.

Floral visual traits predicted visitation rates, with more interactions for taller species with large floral displays.

Both native and invasive species have high nutritional value for bees in canopy gaps and can support frequent and rich interactions. Landscapes with both weedy and native floral species may have higher phenological diversity and provide more foraging opportunities for early‐season bees.

We conclude that canopy gap creation is likely to have similar impacts on bee–flower interactions regardless of gap size, but activity periods of larger bees are more aligned with pollen protein density than activity of small bees, and floral visual displays are decoupled from pollen protein content.
Fostering and assessing student critical thinking: From theory to teaching practice
Authors: Vincent‐Lancrin Stéphan
Published: August 2023

In an age of innovation and digitalisation, critical thinking has become one of the most valued skills in the labour market. This paper shows how teachers can empower students to develop their students' critical thinking. After recalling why critical thinking matters for democracy and the economy, a definition of critical thinking is outlined. Next, a demonstration is given of how the concept critical thinking can be translated and simplified using teacher‐friendly rubrics that can support the design or redesign of lesson plans, teacher observations and formative assessment—as well as standardised assessments. In conclusion, the paper argues that critical thinking should be mainstreamed in all subjects in school curricula, and that it leads to deeper understanding of subject matter content.
Challenges to improving higher education students' critical thinking capacity in China
Authors: Zhang Qinggen , Liu Zhiyuan , Shen Hong
Published: August 2023

Drawing on data from the 2016 National Assessment of Collegiate Capacity in China, the study on which this article reports explored the value‐added effects of critical thinking capacity in higher education. Specifically, the analysis was developed using the difference in residuals model based on the Hierarchical Linear Modelling approach. The results show that, first, critical thinking capacity is malleable and can be improved through undergraduate education. Second, the results demonstrate that the value‐added effects of undergraduate education on college students' critical thinking capacity are heterogeneous. Only half of the value‐added effects achieved in higher education in China were positive. Third, the size of value‐added effects was not fully aligned with the level of the institutions. High‐ranking universities did not always perform well in achieving high value‐added effects on critical thinking capacity. This study analyses the reasons why some universities in China face insurmountable challenges in efforts to improve college students' critical thinking capacity. Challenges are highlighted from multiple perspectives. Corresponding improvement strategies are proposed in the concluding discussion.
The fall of Merovingian Italy, 561–5
Authors: Lin Sihong
Published: August 2023

After the end of the Gothic War in the mid‐sixth century, northern Italy remained divided between the Merovingian Franks and the eastern Roman Empire. In the 560s the Frankish territories were finally taken by imperial armies, but the end of Merovingian Italy is variably dated between 561 and 565. Drawing on the eastern evidence provided by the panegyrist Corippus, this article argues that there is a hitherto overlooked conflict between the Franks and the empire around the year 565, which finally brought an end to decades of Frankish rule in Italy. As this victory occurred under Justin II, an emperor with a poor military reputation today, this reconstruction of western events further bolsters the case that the successes trumpeted in his early propaganda were grounded in reality.
Resisting extractivism as a feminist critical socio‐spatial practice
Authors: Daskalaki Maria , Fotaki Marianna
Published: August 2023

This paper draws on feminist geographies of space, proposing a feminist critical spatial practice approach to study social movement organizing. Inspired by the work of Jane Rendell, a feminist theorist and architectural historian, we propose embodiment, materiality, affectivity, and alterity as co‐constitutive of feminist organizing. Specifically, we prioritize the intertwining of space and body in resisting extractivism to analyze visual artifacts produced by artists/activists who have joined the anti‐extractivist struggle against mining in Northern Greece, Chalkidiki area. In particular, we focus on how bodies transgress and reconstitute space by affecting its materiality during artistic performances. We argue that the protesting (moving and ensounded) body enacts affective solidarities and invites collective action against exploitative neoliberal regimes. Finally, the article brings together body‐land territory and territorial‐community feminism literature to enrich our understanding of spatial practices of resistance against neoliberal extractivist regimes while highlighting the role of emotions and affect as a means of mobilizing for action and maintaining momentum.
Loss of YAP1 C‐terminus expression as an ancillary marker for metaplastic thymoma: a potential pitfall in detecting YAP1::MAML2 gene rearrangement
Authors: Wang Xuan , Liu Lei‐lei , Li Qing , Xia Qiu‐yuan , Li Rui , Ye Sheng‐bing , Zhang Ru‐song , Fang Ru , Chen Hui , Wu Nan , Rao Qiu
Published: August 2023

Aims

Metaplastic thymoma is a rare thymic tumour characterized by Yes Associated Protein 1 (YAP1) and Mastermind Like Transcriptional Coactivator 2 (MAML2) gene fusions resulting from an intrachromosomal inversion of chromosome 11. Immunohistochemistry with an antibody directed against the C‐terminus of YAP1 has shown loss of expression in YAP1‐rearranged vascular neoplasms, poromas, and porocarcinomas. This study aimed to validate an anti‐YAP1 C‐terminal antibody as an ancillary immunohistochemical marker for the diagnosis of metaplastic thymoma.

Materials and methods

Ten metaplastic thymomas were selected for the current study. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), next‐generation sequencing (NGS), and reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR) analyses were performed to detect YAP1::MAML2 fusions. We then performed immunohistochemistry to detect YAP1 C‐terminus expression in 10 metaplastic thymomas, 50 conventional thymomas (10 each of type A thymoma, type AB thymoma, type B1 thymoma, type B2 thymoma, and type B3 thymoma) and seven thymic carcinomas.

Results

All 10 cases showed narrow split signals with a distance of nearly two signal diameters and sometimes had false‐negative results in YAP1 and MAML2 break‐apart FISH (BA‐FISH). Abnormal colocalized signals of the YAP1::MAML2 fusion were observed in all 10 cases using fusion FISH (F‐FISH) assays. Eight of 10 cases with adequate nucleic acids were successfully sequenced and all showed YAP1::MAML2 fusions; in two cases the fusions were detected by both DNA and RNA sequencing and in six cases by RNA sequencing only. YAP1::MAML2 fusion transcripts were identified in four cases by RT‐PCR. Metaplastic thymoma showed loss of YAP1 C‐terminus expression in all 10 (100%) cases. All other thymic neoplasms showed retained YAP1 C‐terminus expression.

Conclusion

YAP1 C‐terminus immunohistochemistry is a highly sensitive and specific ancillary marker that distinguishes metaplastic thymoma from its mimics. BA‐FISH assays could not effectively detect YAP1::MAML2 fusions due to the proximity of the two genes. Loss of YAP1 C‐terminus expression is a reliable surrogate for the detection of YAP1::MAML2 fusions in metaplastic thymoma.
Skin quality sensor to evaluate vibration and friction generated when sliding over skins
Authors: Saito Naoki , Matsumori Kohei , Kazama Taiki , Sakaguchi Saito , Okazaki Ryuta , Arakawa Naomi , Okamoto Shogo
Published: August 2023

Objective

The mechanical condition and tactile evaluation of skin are essential for the development of skin care products. Most of the existing commercial instruments and studies aim to evaluate the skin surface by pressing it for hardness or by using imaging sensors, but there have been few instrumental measurements employing rubbing motion. Here, we have developed a sensor specialized for tactile sensation and the contact phenomenon during skin rubbing.

Methods

The developed sensor has three features: It can measure body parts including cheeks and arms, automate the rubbing motion of the probe and measure vibration and friction simultaneously. It is hand‐held, with metal probes that rub the skin surface while rotating under a motor drive; it has an accelerometer and a force sensor beneath the probe measuring vibration and friction forces. To evaluate the validity of the sensor's measurements, artificial skin models were measured using the developed sensor and commercially available sensors and the results were compared. The relationship between the sensor output, surface roughness measurement and sensory evaluation was also investigated. Additionally, we evaluated the inter‐rater reliability when measuring actual skin.

Results

The measurements of five artificial skin models with different surface shapes showed a high correlation (r = 0.99) between the vibration intensity values evaluated by the developed sensor and those measured by a tri‐axial acceleration sensor attached to a fingernail. The correlation coefficient between the vibration intensity values and surface roughness was r = 0.91, and the correlation with the sensory evaluation score of roughness was r = 0.99. The friction coefficients measured by the developed sensor and the force plate had r = 0.93, based on measurements of five artificial skin models with different friction conditions. The inter‐rater correlation coefficients between the three participants of the developed sensor were as high as 0.92 and 0.94 for the vibration and friction measurements respectively.

Conclusion

The vibration intensities and friction coefficients from the sensor were highly correlated with those of the conventional sensor. The inter‐rater reliability was also high. The developed sensor can be useful for tactile evaluation in skin‐care product development.
Effect of spray‐dried pomegranate peel polyphenols on the inhibition of lipid oxidation
Authors: Michel Mariela R. , Martínez‐Torres Paola Fernanda , Ávila‐Hernández José Guadalupe , Rojas Romeo , Martínez‐Ávila Guillermo Cristian G. , Ascacio‐Valdés Juan Alberto , Aguilar‐Zárate Mayra , Aguilar‐Zárate Pedro
Published: August 2023

Pomegranate peel polyphenols, specifically the punicalagin, have gained importance due to their potential antioxidant capacity and because of this different methodologies to encapsulate and protect the polyphenols for proposing their uses have been proposed. The objective of the present work was to optimise the spray drying of pomegranate peel polyphenols and additionally to evaluate their antioxidant activity based on lipid oxidation inhibition. The spray‐drying process was optimised via Taguchi L9 orthogonal array considering the feed flow (3.0, 4.5, and 6.0 mL min−1), temperature (125, 150, and 200 °C), and airflow (30, 35, and 40 m3 h−1). The lipid oxidation inhibition was the response variable. The optimal spray‐drying conditions were experimentally validated, and the changes in polyphenols were analysed by HPLC‐ESI‐MS. The spray‐drying conditions optimised at which the polyphenols better preserved their antioxidant capacity (i.e., 87.40% of inhibition) were feed flow, 4.5 mL min−1; temperature, 125 °C; and airflow, 35 m3 h−1. However, temperature control was the most critical factor for obtaining good quality spray‐dried polyphenols (37.65% of influence). This permitted us to propose that spray‐dried pomegranate peel polyphenols could be used as antioxidants in edible oils.
A fragmented and heavily privatized dispute resolution system: The United States
Authors: Avgar Ariel C. , Colvin Alexander J. S. , Katz Harry C. , Nobles Katrina G.
Published: August 2023

The United States possesses a highly fragmented and decentralized set of mechanisms addressing work‐related conflicts and disputes. There are consequential differences in how workplace conflicts are resolved across the following settings—union and nonunion or collective and individual, public and private sectors, traditional and nonstandard employment models, and public and private forums. An important trend is the growing influence in the nonunion sector of ‘private justice’ provided in employment arbitration and conflict management systems as a replacement for ‘public justice’, and in the union sector, private neutrals also play a key role.
Systematic synthesis of (Gd1−xLax)2O2SO4:Tb3+ and (Gd1−xLax)2O2S:Tb3+ nanophosphors for remarkably enhanced luminescence
Authors: Song Zhenqi , Li Fan , Feng Sihan , Pan Zhiyuan , Zhu Qi , Sun Xudong , Li Ji‐Guang
Published: August 2023

Coprecipitation with rare‐earth nitrate, ammonium sulfate, and ammonium hydroxide produced hydroxide‐type amorphous precursors incorporating sulfate and carbonate anions, from which [(Gd1−xLax)0.99Tb0.01]2O2SO4 and [(Gd1−xLax)0.99Tb0.01]2O2S (x = 0, 0.15, 0.3, 0.5, 0.65, 0.8, and 1) were obtained as two series of nanophosphors by calcination at 950°C in air and hydrogen, respectively. The detailed characterization by X‐ray diffractometer, scanning electron microscopy/transmission electron microscopy, Brunauer–Emmett–Teller, and particle sizing confirmed that solid solutions were directly formed and that the products have small crystallite size, unimodal size distribution, and high specific surface area, revealing the advantages of the synthesis method. Photoluminescence study revealed that La3+ admixture may significantly improve the 545 nm main emission of Tb3+ for both the phosphor series. Furthermore, the 545 nm main emission of [(Gd1−xLax)0.99Tb0.01]2O2SO4 was identified to have an excellent thermal stability, which retained over 90% of its room‐temperature intensity at 150°C (no quenching for Gd2O2SO4:Tb3+). The two series of phosphors were comparatively studied for their excitation and luminescence performances, as a function of temperature and La3+ content, and the results were rationalized by considering bandgap, crystal structure, UV absorption, and the character of chemical bonds.
CircLDLRAD3 inhibits Oral squamous cell carcinoma progression by regulating miR‐558/Smad4/TGF‐β
Authors: Zhang Xue , Guo Guang‐Yu , Liu Ru‐Yue , Wu Ting , Wang Zhen‐Hua , Zhang Zhong‐Ti
Published: August 2023

Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is a malignant neoplasm with high mortality and morbidity. The role of circRNA and its molecular mechanism in OSCC remains largely unknown. The study aims to explore the role of a novel circular RNA (circLDLRAD3) in OSCC and its underlying mechanism. PCR and fluorescence in situ hybridization were used to explore the expression features of circLDLRAD3 in OSCC. The effects of circLDLRAD3 on the behaviour of OSCC were investigated using CCK‐8, colony formation assay, transwell and animal experiments. Bioinformatics analysis along with dual luciferase reporter assay and RIP assay were used to reveal the interaction between circLDLRAD3, miR‐558 and Smad4. It was revealed that circLDLRAD3 exhibited low expression status in OSCC. CircLDLRAD3 inhibits proliferation, migration, and invasion of OSCC cells both in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, circLDLRAD3 could bind with miR‐558 to positively regulate its target gene Smad4 expression. Rescue experiments further confirmed both miR‐558 overexpression and Smad4 knockdown could reverse the influence of circLDLRAD3 on OSCC phenotypes. Moreover, circLDLRAD3 regulate the TGF‐β signalling pathways to influence EMT through miR‐558/Smad4 axis. Our study found that circLDLRAD3 is downregulated in OSCC and verified its tumour suppressor function and mechanism in OSCC through sponging miR‐558 to regulate miR‐558/Smad4/TGF‐β axis. The characterization of such regulating network uncovers an important mechanism underlying OSCC progression, which could provide promising targets targeted therapy strategies for OSCC in the future.
Spatiotemporal variability in diet composition of Greenland halibut (Reinhardtius hippoglossoides) from the eastern Canadian Arctic
Authors: Tremblay‐Gagnon Félix , Brown‐Vuillemin Sarah , Skanes Katherine , Polaczek Hannah , Walkusz Wojciech , Robert Dominique , Deslauriers David
Published: August 2023

Greenland halibut (Reinhardtius hippoglossoides) sustain one of the most lucrative fisheries in the eastern Canadian Arctic and Labrador Sea. This species also plays an important role in food web connectivity and benthic–pelagic coupling. Despite the relatively rich knowledge of this species, R. hippoglossoides ecology in these specific areas remains poorly understood. The main aim of this study was to characterize the diet of this deepwater fish in the Labrador Sea and Davis and Hudson Straits and characterize the predator–prey relationship with northern shrimp (Pandalus borealis), another commercially important species in the region. Stomach contents analyses were conducted on 1199 fish captured from 2018 to 2020. Small specimens (<20 cm) fed on invertebrates, whereas larger individuals (>60 cm) fed primarily on fish, indicative of size‐related changes in diet composition. The relative abundance of Pandalus shrimp species in the environment was reflected in the diet. Location appeared to be the most influential variable on feeding patterns. Distinct oceanographic conditions among areas, resulting in differences in prey availability, could explain these results. Arctic cod (Boreogadus saida) and redfish (Sebastes sp.) were selected in locations where fish prey were the most abundant. These results shed light on the opportunistic nature of R. hippoglossoides and its preference for fish at large size. With the rapidly changing oceanographic conditions of Arctic waters, a distributional change in the biomass of shrimp is expected. Results suggest that an increase in abundance of predatory groundfish species in the system (e.g., Sebastes sp.) could lead to acute predation on shrimp and competition with R. hippoglossoides. By revealing key trophic links within the demersal ecosystem, this work provides valuable information on the development of ecosystem approaches to fisheries management for the region.
The transcription factor NAC102 confers cadmium tolerance by regulating WAKL11 expression and cell wall pectin metabolism in Arabidopsis
Authors: Han Guang Hao , Huang Ru Nan , Hong Li Hong , Xu Jia Xi , Hong Yi Guo , Wu Yu Huan , Chen Wei Wei
Published: August 2023

Cadmium (Cd) toxicity severely limits plant growth and development. Moreover, Cd accumulation in vegetables, fruits, and food crops poses health risks to animals and humans. Although the root cell wall has been implicated in Cd stress in plants, whether Cd binding by cell wall polysaccharides contributes to tolerance remains controversial, and the mechanism underlying transcriptional regulation of cell wall polysaccharide biosynthesis in response to Cd stress is unknown. Here, we functionally characterized an Arabidopsis thaliana NAC‐type transcription factor, NAC102, revealing its role in Cd stress responses. Cd stress rapidly induced accumulation of NAC102.1, the major transcript encoding functional NAC102, especially in the root apex. Compared to wild type (WT) plants, a nac102 mutant exhibited enhanced Cd sensitivity, whereas NAC102.1‐overexpressing plants displayed the opposite phenotype. Furthermore, NAC102 localizes to the nucleus, binds directly to the promoter of WALL‐ASSOCIATED KINASE‐LIKE PROTEIN11 (WAKL11), and induces transcription, thereby facilitating pectin degradation and decreasing Cd binding by pectin. Moreover, WAKL11 overexpression restored Cd tolerance in nac102 mutants to the WT levels, which was correlated with a lower pectin content and lower levels of pectin‐bound Cd. Taken together, our work shows that the NAC102‐WAKL11 module regulates cell wall pectin metabolism and Cd binding, thus conferring Cd tolerance in Arabidopsis.
Methyl donor supplementation reduces phospho‐Tau, Fyn and demethylated protein phosphatase 2A levels and mitigates learning and motor deficits in a mouse model of tauopathy
Authors: van Hummel Annika , Taleski Goce , Sontag Jean‐Marie , Feiten Astrid Feentje , Ke Yazi D. , Ittner Lars M. , Sontag Estelle
Published: August 2023

Background

Reduced folate status and elevated levels of circulating homocysteine are modifiable risk factors for cognitive decline and dementia. Disturbances in one‐carbon metabolism are associated with the pathological accumulation of phosphorylated tau, a hallmark feature of prevalent dementia, including Alzheimer's disease and subgroups of frontotemporal dementia.

Methods

Here, using transgenic TAU58/2 mouse models of human tauopathy, we tested whether dietary supplementation with L‐methylfolate (the active folate form), choline and betaine can reduce tau phosphorylation and associated behavioural phenotypes.

Results

TAU58/2 mice fed with the methyl donor‐enriched diet showed reduced phosphorylation of tau at the pathological S202 (CP13) and S396/S404 (PHF‐1) epitopes and alleviation of associated motor and learning deficits. Compared with mice on the control diet, the decrease in cortical phosphorylated tau levels in mice fed with the methyl donor‐enriched diet was associated with enhanced methylation of protein phosphatase 2A, the major brain tau Ser/Thr phosphatase. It also correlated with a reduction in protein levels of Fyn, a tau tyrosine kinase that plays a central role in mediating pathological tau‐induced neurodegeneration. Conversely, Fyn expression levels were increased in mice with deficiencies in folate metabolism.

Conclusions

Our findings provide the first experimental evidence that boosting one‐carbon metabolism with L‐methylfolate, choline and betaine can mitigate key pathological, learning and motor deficits in a tauopathy mouse model. They give support to using a combination of methyl donors as a preventive or disease‐modifying strategy for tauopathies.
Computing parameter identifiability and other structural properties for natural resource models
Authors: Stigter J. D.
Published: August 2023

For dynamic natural resource models a few fundamental questions are often omitted in practice such as (i) “Is it possible to calibrate the model?” and (ii) “Can we reconstruct all unknown dynamic state variables given a certain data record?” Other related questions are (iii) “Does the system allow the state variables to be controlled (or managed) to desired optimal values (e.g., in case of maximum sustainable yield)?” In this paper we highlight and discuss a software tool (the StrucID App) that allows a rapid evaluation of these fundamental and structural model properties that are important to study before a calibration and subsequent simulation of the model.
Determinants of remittance outflows: The case of Saudi Arabia
Authors: Javid Muhammad , Hasanov Fakhri J.
Published: August 2023

The Saudi Arabian economy heavily uses foreign labour and hence, ranks among the top countries not only in the Gulf Cooperation Council region, but also globally in terms of remittance outflows. This study develops a theoretical model to investigate the determinants of remittance outflows from Saudi Arabia. The cointegration and equilibrium correction methods, and adjustments for small sample bias, are applied to the data for 1970‐2021 using the theoretical model developed. In the long run, keeping other factors unchanged, Saudi Arabia's gross domestic and non‐Saudi employment have positive and statistically significant impacts on the remittance outflows, while the impacts of the price level and expatriate levy are negative and statically significant. This study's findings may be useful for macroeconomic policymaking, as the remittance outflows have numerous implications for the development of the Saudi economy. Particularly, remittances are a primary channel for leaking money from Saudi Arabia, reducing the economic growth effects of fiscal spending multipliers.
Esprit de Corpsand thinking on (and with) your feet: Standard, enactive, and poststructuralist aspects of relational autonomy and collective intentionality in team sports
Authors: Protevi John
Published: August 2023

To concretize my discussion of relational autonomy and collective intentionality, I present a case study in which we can see several themes in that scholarly literature exemplified in a real‐life event. The event in question is the Megan Rapinoe‐Abby Wambach goal in the quarterfinals of the Women's World Cup of 2011, one of the greatest in all World Cup history (A video clip of the goal can be found at:https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0B4q6di‐3fg.). In the case study, I concentrate on the ontological status of two key aspects of soccer, the linking of teammates by a pass, and the emergence of the team from the interactions of players. I use concepts drawn from poststructuralism, phenomenology, and enactivist approaches to embodied cognition.
Framing China's tropics: Thermal techno‐politics of socialist tropical architecture in Africa (1960s−1980s)
Authors: Sun Zhijian
Published: August 2023

This paper seeks to position socialist China in the mobility of global socialism in the context of Cold‐War politics. It examines how the techno‐politics of China and the Soviet‐bloc's socialist tropical architecture differently reconfigured thermal exchanges between the environment, human body and a series of other multi‐scalar things in Africa during the 1960s−1980s. Drawing on the theories of thermal material culture, techno‐politics and science and technology studies (STS), it constructs a cross‐cultural comparison between China and Soviet‐bloc, aiming to achieve a more nuanced techno‐political understanding of mid‐late twentieth century socialist architecture in the Global South. It also hopes to contribute to recent scholarship about thermal comfort and governance in the context of climate change.
Erythematous reactions to two ultraviolet excimer therapy devices with different irradiance levels: Reconsidering the reciprocity law
Authors: Togawa Yaei , Kawashima Shusuke , Nagai Kazue , Kawasaki Yohei , Matsue Hiroyuki
Published: August 2023

Background

Few studies have examined the effectiveness of the reciprocity law in ultraviolet excimer therapy. This study aimed to examine the difference in erythematous reaction in human skin when the irradiance of ultraviolet excimer treatment devices differed while the irradiation dose was constant.

Materials and methods

This study, conducted at the Department of Dermatology, Chiba University, included 15 healthy adults aged 20–65 years (mean age, 46.3 years; seven men). Using ultraviolet excimer treatment devices with different irradiances (50 or 150 mW/cm2), the upper abdomen of each participant was irradiated with ultraviolet light at set irradiation doses (80, 100, 120, 140, 160, 180, and 200 mJ/cm2). The erythema index of each irradiated site was measured using a melanin‐ and erythema‐measuring device, and the difference in erythema index before and 24 h after irradiation was the primary endpoint.

Results

The change in erythema index was significantly higher for an irradiance of 150 mW/cm2. Significant differences (p < 0.05) were observed between these irradiance levels at irradiation doses of 100‒200 mJ/cm2.

Conclusions

Even for the same irradiation dose, stronger erythematous reactions occurred at higher irradiances in ultraviolet excimer treatment. This suggests that the reciprocity law may not always hold true in excimer therapy.
Identification of the novel allele, HLA‐B*48:58, in a patient with chronic myelogenous leukemia
Authors: Liu Tongyuan , Chen Liting , Xiao Min , Wang Na , Zhang Donghua
Published: August 2023

HLA‐B*48:58 differs from HLA‐B*48:01:01 by one nucleotide substitution in codon 17 in exon 2.
MED8 regulates floral transition in Arabidopsis by interacting with FPA
Authors: Yuan Chen , Hu Yikai , Liu Qinggang , Xu Jingya , Zhou Wei , Yu Hao , Shen Lisha , Qin Cheng
Published: August 2023

Success in plant reproduction is highly dependent on the correct timing of the floral transition, which is tightly regulated by the flowering pathways. In the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana, the central flowering repressor FLOWERING LOCUS C (FLC) is precisely regulated by multiple flowering time regulators in the vernalization pathway and autonomous pathway, including FPA. Here we report that Arabidopsis MEDIATOR SUBUNIT 8 (MED8) promotes floral transition in Arabidopsis by recruiting FPA to the FLC locus to repress FLC expression. Loss of MED8 function leads to a significant late‐flowering phenotype due to increased FLC expression. We further show that MED8 directly interacts with FPA in the nucleus and recruits FPA to the FLC locus. Moreover, MED8 is indispensable for FPA's function in controlling flowering time and regulating FLC expression. Our study thus reveals a flowering mechanism by which the Mediator subunit MED8 represses FLC expression by facilitating the binding of FPA to the FLC locus to ensure appropriate timing of flowering for reproductive success.
A test of the interaction between central and peripheral respiratory chemoreflexes in humans
Authors: Guluzade Nasimi A. , Huggard Joshua D. , Duffin James , Keir Daniel A.
Published: August 2023

How central and peripheral chemoreceptor drives to breathe interact in humans remains contentious. We measured the peripheral chemoreflex sensitivity to hypoxia (PChS) at various isocapnic CO2 tensions () to determine the form of the relationship between PChS and central . Twenty participants (10F) completed three repetitions of modified rebreathing tests with end‐tidal () clamped at 150, 70, 60 and 45 mmHg. End‐tidal (), , ventilation (E) and calculated oxygen saturation (SCO2) were measured breath‐by‐breath by gas‐analyser and pneumotach. The E– relationship of repeat‐trials were linear‐interpolated, combined, averaged into 1 mmHg bins, and fitted with a double‐linear function (ES, L min−1mmHg−1). PChS was computed at intervals of 1 mmHg of as follows: the difference in E between the three hypoxic profiles and the hyperoxic profile (∆E) was calculated; three ∆E values were plotted against corresponding SCO2; and linear regression determined PChS (Lmin−1mmHg−1%SCO2−1). These processing steps were repeated at each to produce the PChS vs. isocapnic relationship. These were fitted with linear and polynomial functions, and Akaike information criterion identified the best‐fit model. One‐way repeated measures analysis of variance assessed between‐condition differences. ES increased (P < 0.0001) with isoxic from 3.7 ± 1.5 L min−1mmHg−1 at 150 mmHg to 4.4 ± 1.8, 5.0 ± 1.6 and 6.0 ± 2.2 Lmin−1mmHg−1 at 70, 60 and 45 mmHg, respectively. Mean SCO2 fell progressively (99.3 ± 0%, 93.7 ± 0.1%, 90.4 ± 0.1% and 80.5 ± 0.1%; P < 0.0001). In all individuals, PChS increased with , and this relationship was best described by a linear model in 75%. Despite increasing central chemoreflex activation, PChS increased linearly with indicative of an additive central–peripheral chemoreflex response.

image

Key points

How central and peripheral chemoreceptor drives to breathe interact in humans remains contentious.

We measured peripheral chemoreflex sensitivity to hypoxia (PChS) at various isocapnic carbon dioxide tensions () to determine the form of the relationship between PChS and central .

Participants performed three repetitions of modified rebreathing with end‐tidal fixed at 150, 70, 60 and 45 mmHg. PChS was computed at intervals of 1 mmHg of end‐tidal () as follows: the difference in E between the three hypoxic profiles and the hyperoxic profile (∆E) was calculated; three ∆E values were plotted against corresponding calculated oxygen saturation (SCO2); and linear regression determined PChS (Lmin−1mmHg−1%SCO2−1).

In all individuals, PChS increased with , and this relationship was best described by a linear (rather than polynomial) model in 15 of 20.

Most participants did not exhibit a hypo‐ or hyper‐additive effect of central chemoreceptors on the peripheral chemoreflex indicating that the interaction was additive.
Heat Transfer and Pressure Loss Correlations for Leading Edge, Jet Impingement Using Racetrack-Shaped Jets With Filleted Edges
Authors: Kulkarni Ritwik V. , Wright Lesley M.
Published: August 2023

This paper presents an experimental investigation of heat transfer and pressure loss for leading-edge jet impingement using racetrack-shaped jets. The majority of literature for gas turbine cooling applications considers jet impingement using square or sharp-edged orifices. However, the edge of the jet orifices generally has some degree of filleting (or rounding) along the edges, due to casting the airfoils or material wear due to long-term operation. Engineers need data under realistic engine configurations to improve the utilization of coolant while adequately protecting the airfoil. The current experimental study is a parametric investigation of heat transfer and pressure loss for leading-edge jet impingement, where the effects of jet Reynolds number (Re = 10,000–100,000), jet–to–jet spacing (s/d = 2–8), jet–to–target surface spacing (z/d = 2–4), surface curvature (D/d = 2.67–5.33), and jet fillet–to–jet plate thickness (r/l = 0.16–0.5) are each considered. The edge rounding at both the inlet and outlet of the jet plate yields reduced heat transfer compared to the square-edged jets. However, the fillets significantly improve the discharge coefficients associated with the racetrack-shaped orifices. With the extensive testing completed in this study, design correlations have been developed to predict the surface Nusselt number and discharge coefficients, with 10% and 19% deviation from experimental results, respectively. Engine designers can predict the level of heat transfer and pressure loss for leading-edge jet impingement using these correlations.
Visual Observation and Analytical Study of the Heat Load Sharing Mode in Multi-Evaporator Loop Heat Pipe
Authors: Kizawa Masafumi , Watanabe Noriyuki , Ueno Ai , Chang Xinyu , Nagano Hosei
Published: August 2023

In this paper, the operating characteristics of the heat load sharing mode of multiple-evaporator loop heat pipe (MLHP) were elucidated based on a visual observation test. The heat load sharing mode is a function of MLHPs that can share the heat between the evaporators through the vapor without electronic power for the heat storage utilization. A visualized MLHP with two evaporators and one condenser was designed and fabricated. To simulate the heat load sharing mode in the MLHP, one evaporator was heated in the range of 40–280 W and the other evaporator was cooled using a water jacket in the range of 10–80 °C. Under the heat load sharing mode, the flow behaviors in the evaporator cores and the compensation chambers were visually observed using borescope cameras, respectively. Moreover, two operating modes (defined as Mode A and Mode B) that affect the maximum heat sharing capability were identified. In Mode A, the heat sharing rate was proportional to the heat dissipation at the cooled side of evaporator, where the capillary force at the wick significantly affected the operation mode. By contrast, in Mode B, the heat sharing rate reached the upper limit and then was constant regardless of the heat dissipation. Furthermore, the proposed concept model can predict the transition of the operation mode from Mode A to Mode B.
Thermomechanical Performance Assessment of U-Mo Monolithic Fuel Plates With Zircaloy Cladding
Authors: Ozaltun Hakan , Cole James I. , Rabin Barry H.
Published: August 2023

Performance of two distinct fuel systems, U-7Mo fuel in Zircaloy (Zry-4) cladding and U-10Mo fuel in aluminum (Al6061-O) cladding was studied. First, a mini plate with Zry-4 cladding from a previous irradiation experiment was evaluated via finite element analysis (FEA). By using the same plate geometry and irradiation conditions, another plate consisting of U-10Mo fuel and Al6061-O cladding was simulated. The results were then comparatively evaluated to explore the feasibility of employing Zry-4 as an alternative cladding. Simulations indicated the Zircaloy cladding plate would operate roughly 50 °C hotter as compared with the Al alloy cladding plate. Larger deformations in the thickness direction for the plate with Zry cladding were noted. It was observed that the postfabrication stresses in the fuel would be relieved quickly in the reactor, regardless of cladding type. Although the fuel stresses would still develop at reactor shutdown, the fuel would be stress-free during the entire irradiation period for both cladding types. At shutdown, the plate with Zry cladding would have higher stresses due to higher operating temperatures. Similarly, the stresses after shutdown are higher in the foil core for the plates with Zry cladding. The Al cladding plate would have higher plastic strains as compared with the Zry cladding plate. The Zry cladding plate is significantly stiffer, causing higher stresses in the fuel zone and at the interface. Overall, employing Zry as an alternate cladding is not expected to produce a more favorable thermomechanical performance as compared to the performance of an Al alloy cladding plate.
Competitive Cross-Country Skiers Have Longer Time to Exhaustion Than Recreational Cross-Country Skiers During Intermittent Work Intervals Normalized to Their Maximal Aerobic Power
Authors: Holsbrekken Eivind , Gløersen Øyvind , Lund-Hansen Magne , Losnegard Thomas
Published: August 2023

Purpose: To investigate differences in time to exhaustion (TTE), O2 uptake (), and accumulated O2 deficit () between competitive and recreational cross-country (XC) skiers during an intermittent-interval protocol standardized for maximal aerobic power (MAP). Methods: Twelve competitive (maximal ) and 10 recreational () male XC skiers participated. All tests were performed on a rollerski treadmill in the V2 ski-skating technique. To quantify MAP and maximal accumulated oxygen deficit (MAOD), the skiers performed a steady-state submaximal test followed by a 1000-m time trial. After a 60-minute break, TTE, , and accumulated were measured during an intermittent-interval protocol (40-s work and 20-s recovery), which was individually tailored to 120% and 60% of each subject’s MAP. Results: During the 1000-m time trial, the competitive skiers had 21% (95% CI, 12%–30%) shorter finish time and 24% (95% CI, 14%–34%) higher MAP (all P < .01) than the recreational skiers. No difference was observed in relative exercise intensity (average power/MAP; P = .28), MAOD (P = .18), or fractional utilization of . During the intermittent-interval protocol, the competitive skiers had 34% (95% CI, 3%–65%) longer TTE (P = .03) and accumulated 61% (95% CI, 27%–95%) more (P = .001) than the recreational skiers during work phases. Conclusions: Competitive XC skiers have longer TTE and accumulate more than recreational XC skiers during an intermittent-interval protocol at similar intensity relative to MAP. This implies that performance in intermittent endurance sports is related to the ability to repeatedly recharge fractions of MAOD.
Toward a General Theory of Classroom Teachers’ Movement Integration
Authors: Webster Collin A.
Published: August 2023

The use of regular classroom time during school to increase children’s and adolescents’ daily physical activity—a practice known as movement integration (MI)—has gained substantial traction in research internationally as an evidence-based strategy for enhancing students’ health and academic performance, yet it remains underutilized and largely subject to teachers’ discretion. Understanding and explaining teachers’ use of MI are, therefore, key areas of focus for researchers, teacher educators, and interventionists. Research on MI implementation is informed by multiple theoretical lenses, but the discipline lacks cohesion. The proposed unifying framework in this article coalesces three relevant strands of inquiry: (a) stages of influence on MI, (b) factors of influence on MI, and (c) conceptualizing MI. The framework reflects the burgeoning knowledge base related to MI implementation and is an attempt to advance the field toward a general theory that can more clearly and coherently guide research and professional practice.
Enhancing corrosion-resistant alloy design through natural language processing and deep learning
Authors: Sasidhar Kasturi Narasimha , Siboni Nima Hamidi , Mianroodi Jaber Rezaei , Rohwerder Michael , Neugebauer Jörg , Raabe Dierk
Published: August 2023

We propose strategies that couple natural language processing with deep learning to enhance machine capability for corrosion-resistant alloy design. First, accuracy of machine learning models for materials datasets is often limited by their inability to incorporate textual data. Manual extraction of numerical parameters from descriptions of alloy processing or experimental methodology inevitably leads to a reduction in information density. To overcome this, we have developed a fully automated natural language processing approach to transform textual data into a form compatible for feeding into a deep neural network. This approach has resulted in a pitting potential prediction accuracy substantially beyond state of the art. Second, we have implemented a deep learning model with a transformed-input feature space, consisting of a set of elemental physical/chemical property–based numerical descriptors of alloys replacing alloy compositions. This helped identification of those descriptors that are most critical toward enhancing their pitting potential. In particular, configurational entropy, atomic packing efficiency, local electronegativity differences, and atomic radii differences proved to be the most critical.
Temporal scaling of dopamine neuron firing and dopamine release by distinct ion channels shape behavior
Authors: Juarez Barbara , Kong Mi-Seon , Jo Yong S. , Elum Jordan E. , Yee Joshua X. , Ng-Evans Scott , Cline Marcella , Hunker Avery C. , Quinlan Meagan A. , Baird Madison A. , Elerding Abigail J. , Johnson Mia , Ban Derek , Mendez Adriana , Goodwin Nastacia L. , Soden Marta E. , Zweifel Larry S.
Published: August 2023

Dopamine is broadly implicated in reinforcement learning, but how patterns of dopamine activity are generated is poorly resolved. Here, we demonstrate that two ion channels, Kv4.3 and BKCa1.1, regulate the pattern of dopamine neuron firing and dopamine release on different time scales to influence separate phases of reinforced behavior in mice. Inactivation of Kv4.3 in VTA dopamine neurons increases ex vivo pacemaker activity and excitability that is associated with increased in vivo firing rate and ramping dynamics before lever press in a learned instrumental paradigm. Loss of Kv4.3 enhances performance of the learned response and facilitates extinction. In contrast, loss of BKCa1.1 increases burst firing and phasic dopamine release that enhances learning of an instrumental response and enhances extinction burst lever pressing in early extinction that is associated with a greater change in activity between reinforced and unreinforced actions. These data demonstrate that disruption of intrinsic regulators of neuronal activity differentially affects dopamine dynamics during reinforcement and extinction learning.
Exposure to lung-migrating helminth protects against murine SARS-CoV-2 infection through macrophage-dependent T cell activation
Authors: Oyesola Oyebola O. , Hilligan Kerry L. , Namasivayam Sivaranjani , Howard Nina , Clancy Chad S. , Zhao Mingming , Oland Sandra D. , Kiwanuka Kasalina N. , Garza Nicole L. , Lafont Bernard A. P. , Johnson Reed F. , Mayer-Barber Katrin D. , Sher Alan , Loke P’ng
Published: August 2023

Helminth endemic regions report lower COVID-19 morbidity and mortality. Here, we show that lung remodeling from a prior infection with a lung-migrating helminth,
Nippostrongylus brasiliensis
, enhances viral clearance and survival of human-ACE2 transgenic mice challenged with SARS-CoV-2 (SCV2). This protection is associated with a lymphocytic infiltrate, including increased accumulation of pulmonary SCV2-specific CD8
+
T cells, and anti-CD8 antibody depletion abrogated the
N. brasiliensis–
mediated reduction in viral loads. Pulmonary macrophages with a type 2 transcriptional and epigenetic signature persist in the lungs of
N. brasiliensis
–exposed mice after clearance of the parasite and establish a primed environment for increased CD8
+
T cell recruitment and activation. Accordingly, depletion of macrophages ablated the augmented viral clearance and accumulation of CD8
+
T cells driven by prior
N. brasiliensis
infection. Together, these findings support the concept that lung-migrating helminths can limit disease severity during SCV2 infection through macrophage-dependent enhancement of antiviral CD8
+
T cell responses.