bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
EMİRHAN YENİKİ’NİN TUGAN TUFRAK (DOĞDUĞUM TOPRAK) VEEYTELMEGEN VASİYET (SÖYLENMEMİŞ VASİYET)ADLI ESERLERİNDE KUŞAK ÇATIŞMASI TEMASI
Authors: GÜNGÖR Gözde
Published: January 2020

1960
sonrası dönemde Kazan-Tatar Türkleri Edebiyatı’nın nesir sahasında yeni bir
edebi yönelim gözlenir. Sovyet Edebiyatı’nda Krestyanskiy Realizm (Крестьянский
реализм) [Köylü Realizmi] olarak adlandırılan bu akıma Tatar Edebiyatı’nda
“Avıl Realizmi”  (Köy Realizmi) denmiştir.

Emirhan
Yĕniki’nin “Rehmet İpteşler” (1951-52) adlı hikâyesi Tatar edebiyatında “köy
realizmi” akımı doğrultusunda kaleme alınan ilk eserlerden biri olarak kabul
edilmekteyse de Kazan-Tatar edebiyatında bu akımın olgun örnekleri 1960’dan sonra
görülmüştür. R. Töhvetullin, G. Beşirov, A. Gıylacĕv, E. Yĕniki, M. Mehdiyĕv bu
türün temsilcileridirler.

Köy
hikâyesi edebi türünde içerik olarak köyün ve köylünün gündelik yaşantısı
betimlenir ve toplumsal sorunlar köy hayatı hudutları dâhilinde dile getirilir.
İçeriğe bağlı olarak idealize edilen eser kişileri de değişim
göstermektedir:  Savaş devri edebiyatında
cephe önünde ya da gerisinde yaptıklarıyla yüceltilen “fedakâr Sovyet yurttaşı”
yerini bu devir edebiyatında “fedakâr köylü”ye bırakır.Köy hikâyesi bir edebi
tür olarak mevcut siyasi ideoloji sınırları dâhilinde eleştiri özgürlüğü
tanımakla birlikte içerikte özellikle Tatarların milli meselelerine değinme imkânı
da sağladığı için yazarlar tarafından benimsenmiştir.

Köy
realizmi akımı doğrultusunda eser kaleme alan yazarlardan biri de Emirhan
Yĕniki’dir. Onun Tugan Tufrak” (1959) ve Eytělmegen Vasiyet (1965) adlı
eserleri köy hikâyesi türünün örneklerindendir. Makalede Yĕniki’nin bu iki
eserinin teması ve eser kişileri üzerinden köy realizmi akımı ele alınacak ve
bu akımın milli kimlik bilincine katkısı değerlendirilecektir.
Türkiye’de İç Borç Yönetiminde Piyasa Yapıcılığı Sistemi ve Borçlanma Maliyetleri Üzerine Etkileri
Authors: UYSAL Maşuk Cahit
Published: January 2020

Dünyada ilk kez Amerika Birleşik Devletleri’nde
1960 senesinde hayata geçen Piyasa Yapıcılığı Sistemi, ülkemizde Mayıs 2000’de
uygulanmaya başlamıştır. Devlet iç borçlanma senedi (DİBS) piyasalarında, borç
yönetimi ve saptanan finansal aracılar arasında imzalan bir sözleşme aracıyığıyla
piyasalar arasında özel bir aracılık faaliyetinde bulunma görevi verilmektedir.
Piyasa Yapıcısı adı altında belirlenen kuruluşların, ikincil piyasalarda sürekli
işlem yapmak, kotasyon vermek ve bir ihracın belli bir oranını satın almak gibi
yükümlülükleri bulunmaktadır.Çalışmada,Piyasa Yapıcılığı Sistemi ve ülkemizdeki
uygulaması irdelendikten sonra sistemin borçlanma maliyetleri üzerindeki etkisi
analiz edilmiştir. Borç yönetiminde Piyasa Yapıcılığı Sistemi uygulamasının,
birincil ve ikincil piyasaları güçlendirip güçlendirmediği, ölçüt senetler ile
yapılan analizler çerçevesinde likiditenin artırılması ve volatilitenin
azaltılması üzerindeki etkileri incelenmiştir. Ülkemizde DİBS piyasasının
likiditesini artırılması yönünde sistem uygulaması ile birlikte yeniden ihraç
stratejisi başarıyla uygulandığı ve senet hacimleri düzeli bir şekilde
artırıldığı görülmüştür.
Öğretmenlerde Bireysel İnovasyon ile Öz Liderlik Arasındaki İlişki
Authors: FİDAN Mustafa
Published: January 2020

Liderlik olgusunun temelinde birey (lider) olduğu gibi, inovasyon olgusunun temelinde de yine birey (girişimci) yer almaktadır. Liderlik kavramının tüm yönleriyle gerçekleşmesi için öncelikli olarak öz liderliğin gerçekleştirilmesi gerekir. Benzer şekilde inovasyon olgusunun beklenen mucizeyi gerçekleştirebilmesi için bireysel inovasyon gereklidir. Bu araştırmanın amacı öğretmenlerin bireysel inovasyon ve öz liderlik düzeyleri arasındaki ilişkisinin belirlenmesidir. Araştırma Ankara ili Yenimahalle ilçesi ortaöğretim kurumlarında 2018-2019 eğitim öğretim yılında görev yapan öğretmenlerden tabakalı örneklem alınarak uygulanmıştır. Örneklemde yer alan katılımcılara Öz Liderlik Ölçeği ve Bireysel İnovasyon Ölçeği uygulanarak veri toplanmıştır. Veri toplama sürecinde içerik ile uyumlu olarak inovasyon gerçekleştirilmiş, veri toplama aracı çevrimiçi ortamda uygulanmıştır. Çalışma sonucunda katılımcıların öz liderlik ve bireysel inovasyon düzeyleri yüksek olarak belirlenmiştir. Ayrıca bireysel inovasyon ile öz liderlik arasında pozitif yönlü, anlamlı ve yüksek bir ilişki tespit edilmiştir.
A Numerical Approach for the Filtered Generalized Čech Complex
Authors: Espinoza Jesús F. , Hernández-Amador Rosalía , Hernández-Hernández Héctor A. , Ramonetti-Valencia Beatriz
Published: January 2020

In this paper, we present an algorithm to compute the filtered generalized Čech complex for a finite collection of disks in the plane, which do not necessarily have the same radius. The key step behind the algorithm is to calculate the minimum scale factor needed to ensure rescaled disks have a nonempty intersection, through a numerical approach, whose convergence is guaranteed by a generalization of the well-known Vietoris–Rips Lemma, which we also prove in an alternative way, using elementary geometric arguments. We give an algorithm for computing the 2-dimensional filtered generalized Čech complex of a finite collection of d-dimensional disks in R d , and we show the performance of our algorithm.
Optimal Prefix Free Codes with Partial Sorting
Authors: Barbay Jérémy
Published: January 2020

We describe an algorithm computing an optimal prefix free code for n unsorted positive weights in time within O ( n ( 1 + lg α ) ) ⊆ O ( n lg n ) , where the alternation α ∈ [ 1 . . n − 1 ] approximates the minimal amount of sorting required by the computation. This asymptotical complexity is within a constant factor of the optimal in the algebraic decision tree computational model, in the worst case over all instances of size n and alternation α . Such results refine the state of the art complexity of Θ ( n lg n ) in the worst case over instances of size n in the same computational model, a landmark in compression and coding since 1952. Beside the new analysis technique, such improvement is obtained by combining a new algorithm, inspired by van Leeuwen’s algorithm to compute optimal prefix free codes from sorted weights (known since 1976), with a relatively minor extension of Karp et al.’s deferred data structure to partially sort a multiset accordingly to the queries performed on it (known since 1988). Preliminary experimental results on text compression by words show α to be polynomially smaller than n, which suggests improvements by at most a constant multiplicative factor in the running time for such applications.
Genomic Selection at Preliminary Yield Trial Stage: Training Population Design to Predict Untested Lines
Authors: Verges Virginia L. , Van Sanford David A.
Published: January 2020

Genomic selection (GS) is being applied routinely in wheat breeding programs. For the evaluation of preliminary lines, this tool is becoming important because preliminary lines are generally evaluated in few environments with no replications due to the minimal amount of seed available to the breeder. A total of 816 breeding lines belonging to advanced or preliminary yield trials were included in the study. We designed different training populations (TP) to predict lines in preliminary yield trials (PYT) consisting of: (i) advanced lines of the breeding program; (ii) 50% of the preliminary lines set belonging to many families; (iii) only full sibs, consisting of 50% of lines of each family. Results showed that the strategy of splitting the preliminary set in half, phenotyping only half of the lines to serve as the TP showed the most consistent results for the different traits. For a subset of the population of lines, we observed accuracies ranging from 0.49–0.65 for yield, 0.59–0.61 for test weight, 0.70–0.72 for heading date, and 0.49–0.50 for height. Accuracies decreased with the other training population designs, and were inconsistent across preliminary line sets and traits. From a breeder’s perspective, a prediction accuracy of 0.65 meant, at 0.2 selection intensity, 75% of the best yielding lines based on phenotypic information were correctly selected by the GS model. Our results demonstrate that, despite the small family size, an approach that includes lines from the same family in both the TP and VP, together with half sibs and more distant lines, and only phenotyping the lines included in the TP, could be a useful, efficient design for establishing a GS scheme to predict lines entering first year yield trials.
Assessing the Impacts of Tillage and Mulch on Soil Erosion and Corn Yield
Authors: Chalise Devraj , Kumar Lalit , Sharma Reena , Kristiansen Paul
Published: January 2020

Conventional tillage practices have been regarded as the major reason for the loss of fertile topsoil in the sloping agricultural lands of the middle hills of Nepal. Reports on the effects of no-till and mulch on soil and corn yield in these regions are scarce, although these farming practices have been recommended to reduce soil erosion and increase crop yields. To assess the impacts of tillage (with +T, without −T) and mulch (with +M, without −M) on soil and soil nutrient losses, and corn yield, we conducted an experiment with five treatments: −T+M, −T−M, +T+M, +T−M, and bare fallow (BF), replicated four times each in an unbalanced complete random block design in Salyan district of Nepal. The results showed the presence of corn and no-till significantly lowered the soil losses. Losses of soil organic matter (SOM) and total nitrogen were also significantly reduced by the presence of corn, no-till, and mulch. However, no effects of mulch on soil losses, and no effects of tillage, mulch and corn on soil phosphorus losses were observed. Soil loss was found to be significantly and positively correlated with total seasonal rainfall, monsoon being the most severe season for soil erosion. While no-till and mulch did not affect corn height, cob height, and stover yield, no-till significantly increased the corn yield by 0.52 Mg ha−1 compared to conventional till. We confirm the synergistic interaction of mulch with tillage to reduce the losses of SOM and total nitrogen, and effectiveness of no-till to reduce the soil losses and increase the corn yield in the middle hills of Nepal. As this study is based on the results of two year’s data, long-term studies are required to identify the long-term impacts of no-till and mulch on soil losses and corn yield across the country.
Short-Term Eating Preference of Beef Cattle Fed High Forage or High Grain Diets Supplemented with 3-Nitrooxypropanol
Authors: Lee Chanhee , Kim Seon-Ho , Beauchemin Karen , Celi Pietro , Duval Stéphane
Published: January 2020

Two experiments were conducted to examine eating preference of beef cattle for diets with or without the investigative enteric methane inhibitor 3-nitrooxypropanol (3-NOP). Nine beef steers were housed in individual stalls, each equipped with two feed bunks. The first experiment (Exp. 1) was conducted with a high forage diet and each animal received a diet without 3-NOP (CON) in one bunk and a diet with 3-NOP (dNOP) in the other bunk. The second study (Exp. 2) was conducted with the same animals about 6 months after Exp. 1 where a high grain diet without (CON) or with 3-NOP (dNOP) was offered. In Exp. 1, animals initially preferred CON compared with dNOP. Feed consumption from 0 to 3, 3 to 6, and 6 to 12 h after feeding was lower for dNOP compared with CON. However, dry matter intake (DMI) and feed consumption of dNOP gradually increased during Exp. 1 such that there was no preference between CON and dNOP on day 7. In Exp. 2, there was no preference for or against dNOP. Average DMI was greater for dNOP vs. CON, but interactions between diet and day for DMI and feed consumption rates indicated that daily preference between CON and dNOP was variable. In conclusion, beef steers initially detected a difference between CON and dNOP and selected in favor of CON rather than dNOP when they had not previously been exposed to 3-NOP. However, the animals rapidly acclimatized to a diet with 3-NOP (Exp. 1) and showed no eating preference between CON and dNOP within 7 days. This lack of preference was maintained throughout Exp. 2 when the same animals were fed a high grain diet.
Characterizing Human–Dog Attachment Relationships in Foster and Shelter Environments as a Potential Mechanism for Achieving Mutual Wellbeing and Success
Authors: Thielke Lauren E. , Udell Monique A.R.
Published: January 2020

This study aimed to characterize attachment relationships between humans and dogs living in animal shelters or foster homes, and to contextualize these relationships in the broader canine attachment literature. In this study, 21 pairs of foster dogs and foster volunteers and 31 pairs of shelter dogs and shelter volunteers participated. Each volunteer–dog dyad participated in a secure base test and a paired attachment test. All volunteers completed the Lexington Attachment to Pets Scale (LAPS), a survey designed to measure strength of attachment bonds as reported by humans. Although no significant differences were present in terms of proportions of insecure and secure attachments between foster and shelter populations, proportions in the shelter population were significantly lower (p < 0.05) than the proportions of attachment styles that would be expected in a population of pet dogs based on the published literature on pet dog attachment styles. Additionally, findings are presented in relation to data from a paired attachment test that demonstrate foster and shelter dogs spend more time in proximity to humans when the human is actively attending to the dog and encouraging interaction, as would be expected based on previous studies. We also present findings related to the presence of disinhibited attachment (previously reported in children who spent a significant portion of time living in institutionalized settings) which is characterized by a lack of preferential proximity seeking with a familiar caregiver and excessive friendliness towards strangers in foster and shelter dogs.
Comparison between the Effects of Adding Vitamins, Trace Elements, and Nanoparticles to SHOTOR Extender on the Cryopreservation of Dromedary Camel Epididymal Spermatozoa
Authors: Shahin Mohamed A. , Khalil Wael A. , Saadeldin Islam M. , Swelum Ayman Abdel-Aziz , El-Harairy Mostafa A.
Published: January 2020

There are several obstacles in camel semen cryopreservation; such as increasing semen viscosity and the reduction in motile spermatozoa after ejaculation. Epididymal spermatozoa offer an efficient alternative to overcome these problems and are well-suited for artificial insemination in camels. In the current study, we compared the effects of supplementation with vitamin C, E, inorganic trace elements of selenium (Na2SeO3) and zinc (ZnSO4), and zinc and selenium nanoparticles (ZnONPs and SeNPs, respectively) on the cryopreservation of dromedary camel epididymal spermatozoa. When the SHOTOR extender was supplemented with ZnONPs and SeNPs; the sperm showed increased progressive motility; vitality; and membrane integrity after cooling at 5 °C for 2 h; when compared to the control and vitamin-supplemented groups. Moreover, the ZnONPs and SeNPs supplementation improved the progressive motility, vitality, sperm membrane integrity, ultrastructural morphology, and decreased apoptosis when frozen and thawed. SeNPs significantly increased reduced glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and decreased lipid peroxide malondialdehyde (MDA) levels. The advantageous effects of the trace elements were potentiated by reduction into a nano-sized particle, which could increase bioavailability and reduce the undesired liberation of toxic concentrations. We recommend the inclusion of SeNPs or ZnONPs to SHOTOR extenders to improve the cryotolerance of camel epididymal spermatozoa.
Ruminal Fermentation, Growth Rate and Methane Production in Sheep Fed Diets Including White Clover, Soybean Meal or Porphyra sp.
Authors: Lind Vibeke , Weisbjerg Martin R. , Jørgensen Grete M. , Fernandez-Yepes Júlia E. , Arbesú Lesly , Molina-Alcaide Eduarda
Published: January 2020

The aim of the present work was to investigate the potential of Porphyra sp. as an alternative source of protein to soybean meal in diets for sheep. Our experimental treatments included a control diet (CON) based on grass silage and crushed oats and three diets containing protein supplements, clover silage (CLO), soybean meal (SOY) or Porphyra sp. (POR) to increase dietary crude protein concentrations. We studied its effects on rumen fermentation, growth rate and methane emissions. Ruminal fermentation characteristics, kinetics of gas production and methane production were studied in vitro by using batch cultures inoculated with rumen inoculum from sheep. There were no differences among diets in total volatile fatty acids (VFA) production or in the VFA profile in vitro. Across treatments, we measured no differences in methane production either in vitro or in vivo, and we saw no noticeable antimethanogenic effect of Porphyra sp. The present in vivo trial with lambs showed no differences in average daily weight gain when fed diets including Porphyra sp. or soybean meal diets (250 and 254 g/d, respectively). We conclude that Porphyra sp. has a protein value similar to high-quality protein sources like soybean meal.
Preliminary Proof of the Concept of Wild (Feral) Horses Following Light Aircraft into a Trap
Authors: McDonnell Sue , Torcivia Catherine
Published: January 2020

Feral horses, wherever managed, typically require population control involving capture for permanent removal or repeatedly for fertility control treatments. The most common method for capturing feral horses is helicopter chasing into traps. With this fear-based strategy, it is difficult to safely capture entire groups. Recapture becomes increasingly difficult, with greater safety risks for pilots and ground staff. As preliminary proof of the concept of capturing free-roaming horses by leading into enclosures with light aircraft rather than driving with helicopters, a consumer-grade quadcopter drone was used to lead a herd of 123 semi-feral ponies into simulated traps. The technique was successful on the first attempt as well as for seven of nine additional attempts over a period of 4 weeks, repeatedly to the same as well as to different destinations. The pace of following was primarily a fast walk, with occasional slow trot. Family integrity was maintained. This work demonstrates preliminary proof of the concept of repeated capture of horses by leading with aircraft rather than chasing. If successfully demonstrated in more extensive rangeland conditions, this method may eventually provide a lower-stress, more repeatable option of capturing feral horses, with implications for improved animal and human safety and welfare.
Dietary Supplementation with Flammulina velutipes Stem Waste on Growth Performance, Fecal Short Chain Fatty Acids and Serum Profile in Weaned Piglets
Authors: Liu Xuzhou , Zhao Jinbiao , Zhang Gang , Hu Jiangxu , Liu Ling , Piao Xiangshu , Zhang Shuai , Li Yu
Published: January 2020

This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary FVS supplementation on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, biochemical profile of serum and fecal short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) production in weaned piglets. In Exp.1, 150 weaned pigs (initial body weight: 6.89 ± 1.17 kg) were allotted to five dietary treatments. The treatment diets included a basal diet and four experimental diets supplemented with 2.5%, 5.0%, 7.5% and 10.0% FVS respectively. The animal trial lasted for 28 days. In Exp.2, 72 piglets (initial body weight: 8.20 ± 1.67 kg) were allotted to three dietary treatments. The treatment diets included a basal diet and two experimental diets supplemented with 1.5% and 3.0% FVS, respectively. The animal trial lasted for 56 days. The results showed that pigs fed dietary FVS with 3% or lower inclusion levels had no significant difference (p > 0.10) on growth performance compared with pigs fed the control diet during day 1–28 and day 1–56. Dietary FVS supplementation decreased the apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of nutrients on day 28, day 35 and day 56, but no significant changes (p > 0.05) of nutrient digestibility were observed on day 14. Although piglets fed diets with higher levels of FVS showed impaired growth performance and ATTD of nutrients, dietary FVS supplementation improved the fecal SCFA production, antioxidant capacity, interleukin-2 and growth hormone levels in serum, and reduced the harmful low-density lipoprotein levels in serum on day 56. In conclusion, as a promising alternative fibrous ingredient, FVS could be supplemented in diets of weaned piglets with a proportion under 3%.
In the Right Light: Photodynamic Inactivation of Microorganisms Using a LED-Based Illumination Device Tailored for the Antimicrobial Application
Authors: Hasenleitner Martina , Plaetzer Kristjan
Published: January 2020

Drug-resistant bacteria threaten the health of people world-wide and cause high costs to their health systems. According to Scientific American, the number of regrettable fatalities due to the bacteria that are resistant to conventional antibiotics will sum up to 300 million until 2050 if the problem is not tackled immediately. Photodynamic Inactivation (PDI) has proven effective against microorganisms irrespective of their resistance to conventional treatment, but for the translation into clinical practice, economic, homogenous and powerful light sources holding approval as medical devices are needed. In this study we present two novel light emitting diode (LED)-based lamps (Repuls7PDI-red and Repuls7PDI-blue) tailored for application in PDI and demonstrate their photodynamic efficiency upon using either methylene blue (MB), a photoactive compound widely used in PDI, or Sodium Magnesium Chlorophyllin (CHL), a water-soluble derivative of chlorophyll, which holds approval as food additive E140, against bacteria and fungi. Gram+ Staphylococcus aureus, Gram− Escherichia coli and the yeast Candida albicans serve as model systems. Repuls7PDI-red emits a wavelength of 635 nm and an intensity of 27.6 ± 2.4 mW·cm−2 at a distance of 13.5 cm between the light source and the target, while the Repuls7PDI-blue allows an exposure at 433 nm (within the range of violet light) (6.4 ± 0.5 mW·cm−2 at 13.5 cm). Methylene blue was photoactivated with the Repuls7PDI-red at 635 nm (25.6 J·cm−2) and allows for photokilling of E. coli by more than 6 log10 steps at a concentration of 10 µM MB. Using equal parameters, more than 99.99999% of S. aureus (20 µM MB) and 99.99% of C. albicans (50 µM MB) were killed. If blue light (Repuls7PDI-blue, 433 nm, 6.6 J·cm2) is used to trigger the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), a photoinactivation of S. aureus (5 µM CHL, CFU reduction > 7 log10) and C. albicans (>7 log10) below the detection limit is achieved. PDI based on CHL (10 µM) using red light activation reduces the number of viable S. aureus by more than 6 log10. Our data prove that both LED-based light sources are applicable for Photodynamic Inactivation. Their easy-to-use concept, high light output and well-defined wavelength might facilitate the translation of PDI into clinical practice.
More Than a Pore: A Current Perspective on the In Vivo Mode of Action of the Lipopeptide Antibiotic Daptomycin
Authors: Gray Declan Alan , Wenzel Michaela
Published: January 2020

Daptomycin is a cyclic lipopeptide antibiotic, which was discovered in 1987 and entered the market in 2003. To date, it serves as last resort antibiotic to treat complicated skin infections, bacteremia, and right-sided endocarditis caused by Gram-positive pathogens, most prominently methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Daptomycin was the last representative of a novel antibiotic class that was introduced to the clinic. It is also one of the few membrane-active compounds that can be applied systemically. While membrane-active antibiotics have long been limited to topical applications and were generally excluded from systemic drug development, they promise slower resistance development than many classical drugs that target single proteins. The success of daptomycin together with the emergence of more and more multi-resistant superbugs attracted renewed interest in this compound class. Studying daptomycin as a pioneering systemic membrane-active compound might help to pave the way for future membrane-targeting antibiotics. However, more than 30 years after its discovery, the exact mechanism of action of daptomycin is still debated. In particular, there is a prominent discrepancy between in vivo and in vitro studies. In this review, we discuss the current knowledge on the mechanism of daptomycin against Gram-positive bacteria and try to offer explanations for these conflicting observations.
Antioxidants in Extra Virgin Olive Oil and Table Olives: Connections between Agriculture and Processing for Health Choices
Authors: Lanza Barbara , Ninfali Paolino
Published: January 2020

This review focuses on the conditions required to increase and maintain the antioxidant nutrients in both extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) and table olives (TOs) from the agronomic and technological practices to the gastronomy. The main antioxidants of TOs and EVOO are phenol alcohols and acids, secoiridoids, lignans and flavones, all of which possess the ability to prolong the oil’s shelf-life and exhibit healthy properties for humans. The precise detection of secoiridoid derivatives remains the breakthrough for the nutritional and health quality certification of extra virgin olive oils (EVOOs) required for EFSA health claims. To attain the necessary antioxidant quality in both EVOO and TOs, it is necessary to hard focus on the several steps in the production chain, including olive cultivar, agronomic conditions, harvesting methods, and transformation technology. The quality level is maintained if the storage conditions aim to minimize the oxidative processes that occur due to oxygen and light. In terms of minor polar biophenols, there is disagreement on which between the organic or conventional EVOOs show higher concentration values. The strict disciplinary of production of protected designation EVOOs does not ensure higher phenol values in comparison to the artisanal EVOOs. In gastronomy, the EVOOs are preferable to seed oils, particularly during frying vegetable. The EVOOs show higher heat stability, linked both to the fatty acid composition and the phenol content, that is important for preventing fatty acids oxidation. Concerning TOs, the commercial presentation includes olives and olive paste. Both products show a remarkable loss of natural antioxidants after pasteurization and during storage as the thermal treatment mostly impacts on TOs secoiridoids.
Distributed Localization with Complemented RSS and AOA Measurements: Theory and Methods
Authors: Tomic Slavisa , Beko Marko , Camarinha-Matos Luís M. , Oliveira Luís Bica
Published: January 2020

Remarkable progress in radio frequency and micro-electro-mechanical systems integrated circuit design over the last two decades has enabled the use of wireless sensor networks with thousands of nodes. It is foreseen that the fifth generation of networks will provide significantly higher bandwidth and faster data rates with potential for interconnecting myriads of heterogeneous devices (sensors, agents, users, machines, and vehicles) into a single network (of nodes), under the notion of Internet of Things. The ability to accurately determine the physical location of each node (stationary or moving) will permit rapid development of new services and enhancement of the entire system. In outdoor environments, this could be achieved by employing global navigation satellite system (GNSS) which offers a worldwide service coverage with good accuracy. However, installing a GNSS receiver on each device in a network with thousands of nodes would be very expensive in addition to energy constraints. Besides, in indoor or obstructed environments (e.g., dense urban areas, forests, and canyons) the functionality of GNSS is limited to non-existing, and alternative methods have to be adopted. Many of the existing alternative solutions are centralized, meaning that there is a sink in the network that gathers all information and executes all required computations. This approach quickly becomes cumbersome as the number of nodes in the network grows, creating bottle-necks near the sink and high computational burden. Therefore, more effective approaches are needed. As such, this work presents a survey (from a signal processing perspective) of existing distributed solutions, amalgamating two radio measurements, received signal strength (RSS) and angle of arrival (AOA), which seem to have a promising partnership. The present article illustrates the theory and offers an overview of existing RSS-AOA distributed solutions, as well as their analysis from both localization accuracy and computational complexity points of view. Finally, the article identifies potential directions for future research.
Bias Analysis of Parameter Estimator Based on Gauss-Newton Method Applied to Ultra-Wideband Positioning
Authors: Wang Chuanyang , Yu Hang , Wang Jian , Liu Tianjun
Published: January 2020

Ultra-wideband (UWB) is considered as a promising technology in short-distance indoor wireless positioning due to its accurate time resolution and good penetration through objects. Since the functional model of UWB positioning is nonlinear, the optimal solution is generally estimated by the way of continuous iteration. As an iterative descent method of high efficiency, the Gauss–Newton method is widely used to estimate the position. The nonlinear distance equations are linearized, and the solution can be found iteratively. Therefore, the nonlinear least-squares solution is generally biased even if the observations are normally distributed. In outdoor satellite positioning, the ranging distances are long enough so that the bias caused by nonlinearity is very small. However, in UWB positioning, the relative ranging error is large, and the positioning system is prone to become ill-posed, hence the bias due to nonlinearity is not negligible. In this study, both the statistical factor and geometric factor for bias in the nonlinear least-squares estimator of UWB positioning are discussed. In order to assess whether the linearized model is sufficiently approximate for the positioning estimation, a hypothesis test criterion based on Mahalanobis distance is proposed. The simulation and measurement experiments are performed to analyze the factors affecting the bias in UWB positioning. Experimental results are given to demonstrate that the linearization is valid and the bias in UWB positioning estimation can be neglected for the relatively high measurement precision. Moreover, for a positioning configuration, when the anchors are evenly distributed, the amount of nonlinearity is orthogonal to the ranging space of the design matrix, the UWB positioning estimation tends to be unbiased. Meanwhile, the hypothesis test based on Mahalanobis distance is carried out to determine the validity of the linearized model. When the bias is large for UWB positioning, the bias estimate can be used to correct the estimator to guarantee the unbiasedness for UWB positioning. Furthermore, the correction of parameter estimator bias is more effective in the case of relatively low measurement precision or ill-conditioned configuration.
Object Retrieval in Microscopic Images of Rocks Using the Query by Sketch Method
Authors: Habrat Magdalena , Młynarczuk Mariusz
Published: January 2020

This paper presents the retrieval method of geological images or their fragments using Query by Sketch method. The sketch can be created manually, for instance using a graphics editor, and may show the shape of objects or their distribution within an image. This query is then used to search the image database for objects showing the greatest similarity. As an example of the proposed method, the detection of porosity in microscopic images of carbonate rock and sandstone was presented. An approach was described which is founded on the designation of parameters of selected properties of the query image and images in databases, as well as on the conformity analysis of these parameters. Two methods were proposed: the first one searches for the most similar object in the image database with respect to the set criteria. The second method performs a search based on a sketch of images which are similar in terms of object distribution (i.e., porosity). The presented research results confirm that database search using the query by sketch method forms an interesting and modern approach and may constitute one of the functionalities of IT systems intended for use in geology and mining industry.
An Improved Mixed AC/DC Power Flow Algorithm in Hybrid AC/DC Grids with MT-HVDC Systems
Authors: Mohammadi Fazel , Nazri Gholam-Abbas , Saif Mehrdad
Published: January 2020

One of the major challenges on large-scale Multi-Terminal High Voltage Direct Current (MT-HVDC) systems is the steady-state interaction of the hybrid AC/DC grids to achieve an accurate Power Flow (PF) solution. In PF control of MT-HVDC systems, different operational constraints, such as the voltage range, voltage operating region, Total Transfer Capability (TTC), transmission reliability margin, converter station power rating, etc. should be considered. Moreover, due to the nonlinear behavior of MT-HVDC systems, any changes (contingencies and/or faults) in the operating conditions lead to a significant change in the stability margin of the entire or several areas of the hybrid AC/DC grids. As a result, the system should continue operating within the acceptable limits and deliver power to the non-faulted sections. In order to analyze the steady-state interaction of the large-scale MT-HVDC systems, an improved mixed AC/DC PF algorithm for hybrid AC/DC grids with MT-HVDC systems considering the operational constraints is developed in this paper. To demonstrate the performance of the mixed AC/DC PF algorithm, a five-bus AC grid with a three-bus MT-HVDC system and the modified IEEE 39-bus test system with two four-bus MT-HVDC systems (in two different areas) are simulated in MATLAB software and different cases are investigated. The obtained results show the accuracy, robustness, and effectiveness of the improved mixed AC/DC PF algorithm for operation and planning studies of the hybrid A/DC grids.
Towards Low-Cost Pavement Condition Health Monitoring and Analysis Using Deep Learning
Authors: Roberts Ronald , Giancontieri Gaspare , Inzerillo Laura , Di Mino Gaetano
Published: January 2020

Governments are faced with countless challenges to maintain conditions of road networks. This is due to financial and physical resource deficiencies of road authorities. Therefore, low-cost automated systems are sought after to alleviate these issues and deliver adequate road conditions for citizens. There have been several attempts at creating such systems and integrating them within Pavement management systems. This paper utilizes replicable deep learning techniques to carry out hotspot analyses on urban road networks highlighting important pavement distress types and associated severities. Following this, analyses were performed illustrating how the hotspot analysis can be carried out to continuously monitor the structural health of the pavement network. The methodology is applied to a road network in Sicily, Italy where there are numerous roads in need of rehabilitation and repair. Damage detection models were created which accurately highlight the location and a severity assessment. Harmonized distress categories, based on industry standards, are utilized to create practical workflows. This creates a pipeline for future applications of automated pavement distress classification and a platform for an integrated approach towards optimizing urban pavement management systems.
Robust and Accurate Wi-Fi Fingerprint Location Recognition Method Based on Deep Neural Network
Authors: Wang Yifan , Gao Jingxiang , Li Zengke , Zhao Long
Published: January 2020

Currently, indoor locations based on the received signal strength (RSS) of Wi-Fi are attracting more and more attention thanks to the technology’s low cost, low power consumption and wide availability in mobile devices. However, the accuracy of Wi-Fi positioning is limited, due to the signal fluctuation and indoor multipath interference. In order to overcome this problem, this paper proposes a robust and accurate Wi-Fi fingerprint location recognition method based on a deep neural network (DNN). A stacked denoising auto-encoder (SDAE) is used to extract robust features from noisy RSS to construct a feature-weighted fingerprint database offline. We use the combination of the weights of posteriori probability and geometric relationship of fingerprint points to calculate the coordinates of unknown points online. In addition, we use constrained Kalman filtering and hidden Markov models (HMM) to smooth and optimize positioning results and overcome the influence of gross error on positioning results, combined with characteristics of user movement in buildings, both dynamic and static. The experiment shows that the DNN is feasible for position recognition, and the method proposed in this paper is more accurate and stable than the commonly used Wi-Fi positioning methods in different scenes.
Delay and Energy Consumption Analysis of Frame Slotted ALOHA variants for Massive Data Collection in Internet-of-Things Scenarios
Authors: Vázquez-Gallego Francisco , Tuset-Peiró Pere , Alonso Luis , Alonso-Zarate Jesus
Published: January 2020

This paper models and evaluates three FSA-based (Frame Slotted ALOHA) MAC (Medium Access Control) protocols, namely, FSA-ACK (FSA with ACKnowledgements), FSA-FBP (FSA with FeedBack Packets) and DFSA (Dynamic FSA). The protocols are modeled using an AMC (Absorbing Markov Chain), which allows to derive analytic expressions for the average packet delay, as well as the energy consumption of both the network coordinator and the end-devices. The results, based on computer simulations, show that the analytic model is accurate and outline the benefits of DFSA. In terms of delay, DFSA provides a reduction of 17% (FSA-FBP) and 32% (FSA-ACK), whereas in terms of energy consumption DFSA provides savings of 23% (FSA-FBP) and 28% (FSA-ACK) for the coordinator and savings of 50% (FSA-FBP) and 24% (FSA-ACK) for end-devices. Finally, the paper provides insights on how to configure each FSA variant depending on the network parameters, i.e., depending on the number of end-devices, to minimize delay and energy expenditure. This is specially interesting for massive data collection in IoT (Internet-of-Things) scenarios, which typically rely on FSA-based protocols and where the operation has to be optimized to support a large number of devices with stringent energy consumption requirements.
Introduction of a New Index of Field Operations Efficiency
Authors: Zhou Kun , Bochtis Dionysis , Jensen Allan Leck , Kateris Dimitrios , Sørensen Claus Grøn
Published: January 2020

The evaluation and prediction of the agricultural machinery field efficiency is essential for agricultural operations management. Field efficiency is affected by unpredictable (e.g., machine breakdowns) and stochastic (e.g., yield) factors, and thus, it is generally provided by average norms. However, the average values and ranges of the field efficiency are of limited value when a decision has to be made on the selection of the appropriate machinery system for a specific operational set up. To this end, in this paper, a new index for field operability, the field traversing efficiency (FTE), a distance-based measure, is introduced and a dedicated tool for estimation of this measure is presented. In order to show the degree of the dependence of the FTE index on the operational features, a number of 864 scenarios derived from the consideration of six sample field shapes, three conventional fieldwork patterns, four driving directions, and twelve combinations of machine unit kinematics and implement width were evaluated by the developed tool. The test results showed that variation of FTE was up to 23% in the tested scenarios when using different operational setups.
Wire Electrochemical Machining with Pulsating Radial Electrolyte Supply and Preparation of Its Tube Electrode with Micro-Holes
Authors: Xu Chongchang , Fang Xiaolong , Han Zhao , Zhu Di
Published: January 2020

Wire electrochemical machining (WECM) has great advantages and potential for fabricating parts with ruled surfaces made of difficult-to-machine materials. Characterized by a relatively short flow path, a pulsating radial electrolyte supply in WECM is proposed to improve the machining capability for thick workpieces. The tool is a tube electrode with a line of micro-holes on cylindrical surface. This paper introduces research into the processing of micro-holes in the tube electrode using a rotating helical electrode. The quantitative relationship among the feed rate, the applied voltage, and the diameter of the outlet holes was determined experimentally. A tube electrode with holes of varying diameters was fabricated by adjusting the applied voltage. Using it as a tool electrode, kerfs with a length of 10 mm and an averaged width of 0.903 mm were machined at a feed rate of 6 μm/s in a 30 mm-thick block, and there was no short circuit during processing. It was shown experimentally that using a tube electrode with holes of varying diameters as a tool electrode provides better process capacity for pulsating radial electrolyte supply in WECM.
Biodegradation of the Endocrine-Disrupting Chemical 17α-Ethynylestradiol (EE2) by Rhodococcus zopfii and Pseudomonas putida Encapsulated in Small Bioreactor Platform (SBP) Capsules
Authors: Menashe Ofir , Raizner Yasmin , Kuc Martin Esteban , Cohen-Yaniv Vered , Kaplan Aviv , Mamane Hadas , Avisar Dror , Kurzbaum Eyal
Published: January 2020

In this study, we present an innovative new bio-treatment approach for 17α-ethynyestradiol (EE2). Our solution for EE2 decontamination was accomplished by using the SBP (Small Bioreactor Platform) macro-encapsulation method for the encapsulation of two bacterial cultures, Rhodococcus zopfii (R. zopfii ) and Pseudomonas putida F1 (P. putida). Our results show that the encapsulated R. zopffi presented better biodegradation capabilities than P. putida F1. After 24 h of incubation on minimal medium supplemented with EE2 as a sole carbon source, EE2 biodegradation efficacy was 73.8% and 86.5% in the presence of encapsulated P. putida and R. zopfii, respectively. In the presence of additional carbon sources, EE2 biodegradation efficacy was 75% and 56.1% by R. zopfii and P. putida, respectively, indicating that the presence of other viable carbon sources might slightly reduce the EE2 biodegradation efficiency. Nevertheless, in domestic secondary effluents, EE2 biodegradation efficacy was similar to the minimal medium, indicating good adaptation of the encapsulated cultures to sanitary effluents and lack of a significant effect of the presence of other viable carbon sources on the EE2 biodegradation by the two encapsulated cultures. Our findings demonstrate that SBP-encapsulated R. zopfii and P. putida might present a practical treatment for steroidal hormones removal in wastewater treatment processes.
Towards Mode-Multiplexed Fiber Sensors: An Investigation on the Spectral Response of Etched Graded Index OM4 Multi-Mode Fiber with Bragg grating for Refractive Index and Temperature Measurement
Authors: Bremer Kort , Alwis Lourdes Shanika Malindi , Zheng Yulong , Roth Bernhard Wilhelm
Published: January 2020

An investigation on the feasibility of utilizing Mode Division Multiplexing (MDM) for simultaneous measurement of Surrounding Refractive Index (SRI) and temperature using a single sensor element based on an etched OM4 Graded Index Multi Mode Fiber (GI-MMF) with an integrated fiber Bragg Grating (BG), is presented. The proposed work is focused on the concept of principle mode groups (PMGs) generated by the OM4 GI-MMF whose response to SRI and temperature would be different and thus discrimination of the said two parameters can be achieved simultaneously via a single sensor element. Results indicate that the response of all PMGs to temperature to be equal, i.e., 11.4 pm/°C, while the response to SRI depends on each PMG. Thus, it is evident that temperature “de-coupled” SRI measurement can be achieved by deducing the temperature effects experienced by the sensor element. Sensitivity of the PMGs to applied SRI varied from 3.04 nm/RIU to of 0.22 nm/RIU from the highest to lowest PMG, respectively. The results verify that it is feasible to obtain dual measurement of SRI and temperature simultaneously using the same, i.e., single, sensing element.
A Modal Perturbation Method for Eigenvalue Problem of Non-Proportionally Damped System
Authors: Pan Danguang , Fu Xiangqiu , Chen Qingjun , Lu Pan , Tan Jinpeng
Published: January 2020

The non-proportionally damped system is very common in practical engineering structures. The dynamic equations for these systems, in which the damping matrices are coupled, are very time consuming to solve. In this paper, a modal perturbation method is proposed, which only requires the first few lower real mode shapes of a corresponding undamped system to obtain the complex mode shapes of non-proportionally damped system. In this method, an equivalent proportionally damped system is constructed by taking the real mode shapes of a corresponding undamped system and then transforming the characteristic equation of state space into a set of nonlinear algebraic equations by using the vibration modes of an equivalent proportionally damped system. Two numerical examples are used to illustrate the validity and accuracy of the proposed modal perturbation method. The numerical results show that: (1) with the increase of vibration modes of the corresponding undamped system, the eigenvalues and eigenvectors monotonically converge to exact solutions; (2) the accuracy of the proposed method is significantly higher than the first-order perturbation method and proportional damping method. The calculation time of the proposed method is shorter than the state space method; (3) the method is particularly suitable for finding a few individual orders of frequency and mode of a system with highly non-proportional damping.
A Simple Designed Lens for Human Centric Lighting Using LEDs
Authors: Thi Giang Duong , La Thuy Linh , Quoc Tien Tran , Hong Duong Pham , Tong Quang Cong
Published: January 2020

Light is generally important for human beings. Visible light supports vision and can modify circadian rhythm, and together with invisible light at longer or shorter wavelength can also make either a direct or indirect impact on human biological and mental health. For medical applications, several studies have shown success in using light to fasten the skin regeneration in burns and to cure diseases such as newborn jaundice. In daily life, an appropriate amount and time exposure to certain types of light can result in rising of alertness and mood improvement, which leads to noticeable growth in one’s productivity. Therefore, human centric lighting can modify lighting factors to make the best of the natural characteristics of light. The seek an ideal indoor lighting system is widely carried out not only by scientists but also by architects. A qualified luminaire is considered by many factors, including luminous productivity, visual comfort and expenses; meanwhile, the idealization of illuminance is also constructed in many ways, such as widening the lamp’s surface area, changing of luminaire’s positions and applying different methods to illuminate a surface. Approaching these problems, our idea is to study the uplighting method and freeform optics using low-cost acrylic lenses. By changing lens shape and optimizing the factors which affect the illuminance such as the irradiation angle and the distance between the luminaire and the reflection surfaces, we find the most effective lens and its peaks due to each factors using the ray-tracing simulation to obtain results concerning high uniformity of illumination.