bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Being Special: Nostalgia through Special Rates Areas and Community Improvement Districts in Cape Town Suburbs
Authors: Kamalie Zarreen
Published: October 2018

This paper explores how memories and nostalgia inform the rationale of implementing Community Improvement Districts (CIDs) or Special Rates Areas (SRAs) as a means of crime prevention and urban maintenance in two formerly ‘whites-only’ Cape Town suburbs; Rondebosch and Mowbray. Through an exploration of the remembering, the maintenance and the resuscitation of an idealized past in a suburb that remains predominantly white after years of racial and economic exclusion, this paper interrogates the role of long-term resident nostalgia in post-apartheid South Africa in maintaining spatial apartheid. Using Svetlana Boym’s (2001) framework of nostalgia, particularly ‘restorative nostalgia’ and ‘reflective nostalgia,’ to interpret the memories of residents interviewed, this paper argues that it is nostalgia for an idealized past and a remembered specialness that sustains mentalities that give rise to spatially exclusive SRAs and CIDs. In this paper, public and social media discourse analysis and resident interviews allow us to understand residents’ memories and discussions around crime and urban degeneration and homelessness in Rondebosch. The purpose of this paper is to contribute to questions about spatial exclusivity in residential spaces in the post-apartheid era, particularly in a city that retains the legacy of spatial apartheid.
Intensive glucose control for critically ill patients: an updated meta-analysis
Authors: Fu Yongli , Sun Yaowu , Zhang Jiankun , Cheng Yu
Published: October 2018

This meta-analysis aims to update the evidence for the effects of intensive glucose control (IGC) on the outcomes among critically ill patients. We performed a systematic literature review from inception through December, 2017 by two independent authors by searching PubMed, EMBASE and Cochrane Library. Randomized clinical trials of the effects of IGC compared with conventional glucose control were selected. Random-effect models were applied to calculate summary relative risks (RRs) for the related outcomes. Of 4247 records identified, we abstracted data from 27 relevant trials for meta-analysis. Compared with patients receiving conventional glucose control (controls), patients with IGC did not have significantly decreased risk of short-term mortality (in-hospital mortality or intensive care unit (ICU) mortality) (RR 0.99, 95% CI 0.92–1.06) or 3- to 6-month mortality (RR 1.02, 95% CI 0.97–1.08). These results remained constant among different study settings including surgical ICUs, medical ICUs or mixed ICUs. Similarly, we also found that patients with IGC did not have significantly lower risk of sepsis (RR 1.00, 95% CI 0.89–1.11) or new need for dialysis (RR 0.97, 95% CI 0.84–1.11). However, patients with IGC had almost 4-fold increase in risk of hypoglycemia (RR 4.86, 95% CI 3.16–7.46). In conclusion, in this updated meta-analysis of published trials, critically ill patients receiving IGC were found to be at neutral risk for short-term or 3- 6-month mortality, risk of sepsis or new need for dialysis, but at higher risk of hypoglycemia.
A comparative analysis of British and American Society of Echocardiography recommendations for the assessment of left ventricular diastolic function
Authors: Luke P. , Eggett C. , Spyridopoulos I. , Irvine T.
Published: October 2018

At present there are two recognised guidelines for the echocardiographic assessment of left ventricular diastolic function provided by the British Society of Echocardiography and American Society of Echocardiography/European Association of Cardiovascular Imaging. However, no direct comparison of these guidelines has been performed to establish whether they provide similar diastolic grading. One hundred and eighty-nine consecutive patients in sinus rhythm who underwent transthoracic echocardiography for a primary indication of either heart failure assessment or assessment of left ventricular systolic function were extracted from our database (McKesson Cardiology). Left ventricular diastolic function assessment was performed using both guidelines and the results were compared. Chi-square, Kappa score and one-way ANOVA were used to evaluate the data at a level of P < 0.05. The most frequent outcome was unclassifiable diastolic function with significantly more patients being labelled unclassified with the British compared to American guidelines (47.4 vs 20.5%, P < 0.0001). Having excluded all unclassifiable patients, a significant difference still existed between the two guidelines with a higher proportion of grade one outcomes awarded by the ASE/EACVI guidelines. When grading subcategories were individually compared, there was significantly more grade one diastolic gradings awarded by American compared to the British guidelines (40.7 vs 20.1%, P < 0.0001). In 47% of patients it was not possible to grade diastolic function using the British guidelines, compared to 21% using the American guidelines. For those patients where grading was possible, there was a significant difference in patients classified with normal and grade one diastolic function when using British and American guidelines.
Range extension of Northern Naked-tailed Armadillo, Cabassous centralis Miller, 1899 (Mammalia, Cingulata, Chlamyphoridae), in Belize
Authors: Soriero Vivian Ruth , Wooldridge Rebecca Louise , Harmsen Bart Johannes , Charette Mathieu , Kilburn Vanessa , Foster Rebecca Jacqueline
Published: October 2018

Little is known about the Northern Naked-tailed Armadillo, Cabassous centralis (Miller, 1899). Here we present a new record of C. centralis in the Maya Mountain Massif of Belize, from camera-trap surveys covering an area of 200 km2 conducted yearly between 2002 and 2017 in lowland tropical broadleaf evergreen forest, and a dead specimen found adjacent to a highway. The record presented constitutes a range expansion of ca 65 km for C. centralis in Belize. This adds valuable data about a species for which the geographic distribution is poorly known.
FABRICATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF SUPERCAPACITOR ELECTRODE BY 3D PRINTING
Authors: Dung Hoang Tran
Published: October 2018

Herein, we presents a study on the fabrication and characterization of supercapacitor electrode by 3D printing. A colloidal suspension containing carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and cobalt ferrite nanoparticles (CoFe2O4 NPs) was used as ink. The ink was successfully printed on aluminium substrate using a modified 3D printer followed by solvent evaporation to form a porous CNTs/CoFe2O4 aerogel film. The characterization results showed that the film has porous surface, high electrical conductivity and good electrochemical properties, indicating its promising application as supercapacitor electrode for energy conversion and storage.
SYNTHESIS, CHARACTERIZATION AND ELECTROCHEMICAL PERFORMANCE OF ACTIVATED CARBON SUPPORTED MnO2 FOR ELECTROCHEMICAL CAPACITOR
Authors: Luong Thi Thuy Thu , Le Khu Van , Nguyen Thi Lien Kim
Published: October 2018

MnO2 was synthesized by adding activated carbon into KMnO4 solution and stirred in a magnetic or ultrasonic stirrer. The obtained MnAC samples were characterized by means of XRD, TGA, TPR-H2, SEM and BET. All samples are amorphous and have porous structure. MnAC-M prepared by magnetic stirring have higher manganese content, earlier reduction temperature, smoother surface area while MnAC-U prepared by ultrasonic stirring have larger specific surface area and pore volume.
STATUS OF MANURE GENERATION AND MANAGEMENT PRACTICE IN HOUSEHOLD PIG FARMING IN HA HOA DISTRICT, PHU THO PROVINCE, VIET NAM
Authors: Pham Thao Thi Mai
Published: October 2018

To assess the status of manure generation and management practice in household pig farming, the research was implemented in Ha Hoa district, Phu Tho Province. The used research methods were field survey, direct interview with households, experiment establishment to determine daily manure discharged from the different types of pigs (sow, porker, immature pig and piglet). Results showed that the average amount of manure generated per pig was 0.99 kg/day including piglets and 1.3 kg/day excluding piglets. The total amount of pig manure generated in the whole district was 80.7 tons/day. At the scale under 30 pigs, the ratio of pig farming households had waste treatment system to be 16%, partial treatment system to be 46% and not treatment system to be 38%; At the scale larger than 30 pigs, the ratio of pig farming households had waste treatment system to be 76%, partial waste treatment system to be 21% and not waste treatment to be 3%. In the whole survey area, the ratio of pig farming households had with, without and partial manure treatment system to be 46%, 21% and 33%, respectively. The study also suggested suitable solutions for pig waste management especially suitable technical solutions for different scale of pig farms in Ha Hoa district, Phu Tho province.
BIOFUNCTIONALIZATION OF GOLD NANOSHELLS
Authors: Ha Lien Nghiem Thi
Published: October 2018

Gold nanoshells were grown on monodispersed and aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES) functionalized silica nanoparticles cores with varying sizes ranging from 40-180 nm, which were prepared by Stober route. Gold shells were deposited onto the surface of silica NPs by using tetrakis(hydroxymethyl) phosphonium chloride  and electroless gold plating method. The coverage of the gold nanoshells on the surfaces of the silica NPs was evaluated using surface plasmon resonance spectra and scanning electron microscope.
TETRAOXYGENATED XANTHONES FROM THE LATEX OF GARCINIA COWA
Authors: Nguyen An Kim , Dinh Ha Thi , Pham Long Quoc , Tran Thuy Thu
Published: October 2018

Seven tetraoxygenated xanthones, namely fuscaxanthone A,7-O-methylgarcinone E, cowagarcinone A, cowaxanthone, rubraxanthone, cowanin and cowanol, were isolated from the dichloromethane extract of the latex of Garcinia cowa_Roxb. ex Choisy. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of 1D, 2D NMR spectroscopic data and comparison with reported data.
Epidemia de microcefalia e vírus Zika: a construção do conhecimento em epidemiologia
Authors: Albuquerque Maria de Fatima Pessoa Militão de , Souza Wayner Vieira de , Araújo Thalia Velho Barreto , Braga Maria Cynthia , Miranda Filho Demócrito de Barros , Ximenes Ricardo Arraes de Alencar , de Melo Filho Djalma Agripino , Brito Carlos Alexandre Antunes de , Valongueiro Sandra , Melo Ana Paula Lopes de , Brandão- Filho Sinval Pinto , Martelli Celina Maria Turchi
Published: October 2018

Em agosto de 2015, neuropediatras de hospitais públicos do Recife, Pernambuco, Brasil, observaram um aumento do número de casos de microcefalia desproporcional associado a anomalias cerebrais. Esse fato gerou comoção social, mobilização da comunidade acadêmica e levou o Ministério da Saúde a decretar emergência de saúde pública nacional, seguida pela declaração de emergência de saúde pública de interesse internacional da Organização Mundial da Saúde. A hipótese formulada para o fenômeno foi a infecção congênita pelo vírus Zika (ZIKV), com base na correlação espaço-temporal e nas características clínico-epidemiológicas das duas epidemias. Evidências se acumularam e no âmbito do raciocínio epidemiológico preencheram critérios que deram sustentação à hipótese. Sua plausibilidade está ancorada no neurotropismo do ZIKV demonstrado em animais, atingindo neurônios progenitores do cérebro em desenvolvimento, e em seres humanos devido às complicações neurológicas observadas em adultos após a infecção. O isolamento do RNA e antígenos virais no líquido amniótico de mães infectadas e em cérebros de neonatos e fetos com microcefalia contribuíram para demonstrar a consistência da hipótese. O critério de temporalidade foi contemplado ao se identificar desfechos desfavoráveis em uma coorte de gestantes com exantema e positivas para o ZIKV. Finalmente, o primeiro estudo caso-controle conduzido demonstrou existir uma forte associação entre microcefalia e infecção congênita pelo ZIKV. O conhecimento construído no âmbito do paradigma epidemiológico recebeu a chancela da comunidade científica, construindo o consenso de uma relação causal entre o ZIKV e a epidemia de microcefalia.
Local collaborations for physical activity promotion: a network analysis
Authors: Andrade Douglas Roque , Garcia Leandro Martin Totaro , Perez Diana C. Parra
Published: October 2018

Abstract: This study aims to describe a local network for physical activity promotion and identify factors associated to collaboration or partnership ties between its actors. The study was carried out in a district of São Paulo, Brazil. Thirty-two actors responsible for policies, programs, and initiatives to promote physical activity within the district were interviewed from June to December 2012. Interviews included information about the actors’ attributes and their relationships with the other actors. Network analysis techniques were used to describe and analyze the structure of the network. Thirty-two actors maintained 179 relationships among themselves (density = 0.18), of which 46% were reciprocal. Four in 10 relationships did not extend beyond information exchange. Forty-six relationships were classified as collaborations or partnerships (density = 0.09), of which 40% were concentrated on one actor of the public sector. To perceive institutional structure and bureaucracy as limiting factors to networking has been positively associated with new collaboration or partnership ties (OR = 2.37; 95%CI: 1.2-5.50). Understanding the structure of the network may empower the actors and foster self-management, facilitating the identification and decision, in a collaborative way, in which new relationships may have greater impact in the physical activity promotion within the district.
Deficiências visual, auditiva e motora entre a população indígena no Brasil
Authors: Dias Junior Claudio Santiago , Verona Ana Paula
Published: October 2018

O objetivo deste estudo foi descrever a prevalência de deficiências visual, auditiva e motora e estimar a chance de se ter uma das três deficiências, separadamente, segundo grau de severidade, para a população indígena no Brasil. Os dados foram retirados do Censo Demográfico de 2010 coletados pelo Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (IBGE). Os métodos utilizados incluem a padronização direta para o cálculo das prevalências e modelos de regressão logística multinomial. Os resultados padronizados mostram que homens e mulheres indígenas apresentam a maior prevalência em cada uma das deficiências examinadas neste trabalho, sendo a única exceção a deficiência visual de grau leve entre as mulheres. Os resultados dos modelos de regressão multinomial mostram uma desvantagem relativa dos povos indígenas em quase todos os tipos de deficiência.
Criterios para la (re)distribución equitativa de los equipos básicos de salud en el nivel local en Venezuela
Authors: Heredia-Martínez Henny Luz , Artmann Elizabeth
Published: October 2018

Resumen: El artículo analiza la aplicación de cuatro criterios para la (re)distribución de equipos básicos de salud en el nivel local. Es un estudio descriptivo, transversal, bajo la modalidad de estudio de caso, desarrollado en Nueva Esparta, Venezuela, 2016. Se diseñó un instrumento para consolidar en un repositorio los datos del nivel local sobre los equipos básicos de salud de 170 consultorios populares y 447 comunidades atendidas. Los criterios analizados fueron: (1) relación equipos básicos de salud/población, se calculó el número de equipos básicos de salud completos e incompletos y la razón de densidad de profesionales por 10.000 habitantes; (2) distancia entre los consultorios populares y la población; (3) características de los profesionales que conforman los equipos básicos de salud, por sexo, edad y tipo de profesional; (4) análisis de métricas de desigualdad, como criterio innovador, se calcularon 2 métricas-resumen de brecha y 1 de gradiente de desigualdad en salud, para evaluar las propuestas de (re)distribución de los equipos básicos de salud. Hay diferencias intra-estadales, a nivel de municipios y parroquias, en la distribución de profesionales de salud y escasez de enfermeras y promotores. De los 317 equipos básicos de salud que se requieren hay 52 equipos básicos de salud completos. Las métricas de desigualdad reflejan una equidistribución ecosocial del recurso humano, favoreciendo las poblaciones más pobres. La aplicación conjugada de los criterios permite identificar áreas geográficas y poblaciones con mayor carencia o escasez de equipos básicos de salud y optimizar su (re)distribución equitativa en el nivel local. La limitación de no contar con información desagregada fue superada utilizando un único repositorio con información consensuada por los equipos estadales/locales de salud. Es recomendable invertir en sistemas de información eficientes.
Indicação, acesso e utilização de medicamentos para doenças respiratórias crônicas no Brasil: resultados da Pesquisa Nacional sobre Acesso, Utilização e Promoção do Uso Racional de Medicamentos no Brasil (PNAUM), 2014
Authors: Leal Lisiane Freitas , Bertoldi Andrea Dâmaso , Menezes Ana Maria Baptista , Borges Rogério Boff , Mengue Sotero Serrate , Gazzana Marcelo Basso , Pizzol Tatiane da Silva Dal
Published: October 2018

O objetivo foi estimar a prevalência de doenças respiratórias crônicas autorreferidas, a indicação, o acesso e o uso de medicamentos, bem como fontes de obtenção, na população adulta brasileira. Foram analisados dados de adultos com idade maior ou igual a 20 anos, provenientes da Pesquisa Nacional sobre Acesso, Utilização e Promoção do Uso Racional de Medicamentos no Brasil (PNAUM), realizada entre setembro de 2013 e fevereiro de 2014. A prevalência de doenças respiratórias crônicas foi de 3% (IC95%: 2,7-3,3). Desses, 58,1% (IC95%: 51,8-64,0) tinham indicação de tratamento farmacológico. Daqueles com indicação de tratamento, 77,1% (IC95%: 71,0-82,8) estavam utilizando pelo menos um dos medicamentos indicados. O acesso total à terapia foi de 91,4% (IC95%: 79,9-96,6), sendo que mais da metade das pessoas com doenças respiratórias crônicas adquiria pelo menos um de seus medicamentos em farmácias comerciais (57,3%). A classe de medicamentos mais referida foi a associação beta-2 agonista de longa duração e corticosteroides sob a forma inalatória, cujo representante mais frequente foi a associação budesonida/formoterol (20,3%; IC95%: 16,0-25,4). De acordo com o nosso estudo, a prevalência de doenças respiratórias crônicas autorreferida foi inferior a trabalhos previamente publicados para a população brasileira. Verificou-se que quase metade da população que referiu doenças respiratórias crônicas não tinha indicação de tratamento farmacológico. Já aqueles com indicação, aproximadamente um quarto não utilizava os medicamentos no período do estudo e, para os que usavam, embora o acesso fosse elevado, precisavam pagar para adquirir seus tratamentos.
Suporte social da família e amigos para a prática de atividade física de adolescentes: uma revisão sistemática
Authors: Lisboa Tailine , Silva Walan Robert da , Alexandre Juliano Maestri , Beltrame Thais Silva
Published: October 2018

Resumo Introdução O suporte social da família e amigos tem sido relatado como importante preditor tanto para a prática quanto manutenção de comportamentos relacionados à atividade física entre adolescentes. Objetivo O presente estudo teve como objetivo analisar evidências científicas que abordassem a relação do suporte social da família, pais e amigos para a prática de atividade física de adolescentes. Método Para este estudo, foram selecionados artigos publicados em português e/ou inglês, indexados em bases científicas até o mês de janeiro de 2017, compreendendo adolescentes de 14 a 19 anos. Estes artigos apresentaram estudos originais com desenhos transversais e longitudinais, e também estavam inseridos nas bases de dados PubMed, SCOPUS, Scielo e Lilacs. Dentre os 3268 artigos identificados nas buscas, posteriormente aos estágios de seleção dos mesmos, constatou-se que apenas 27 artigos preencheram os critérios de inclusão, que em seguida foram analisados na íntegra. Resultados Os estudos foram publicados na última década e realizados em diferentes países, e o suporte social esteve relacionado à atividade física, tanto em estudos transversais quanto longitudinais. Nesses estudos, verificou-se que os adolescentes que receberam maior suporte social de um modo geral,bem como apoio dos pais, amigos e familiares, mostraram níveis mais altos na prática de atividade física. Conclusão O apoio social foi um fator importante para a prática de atividade física em adolescentes. Dessa forma, os programas para promoção de atividade física devem ser direcionados não somente aos adolescentes, mas sobretudo às redes sociais que os cercam.
Chemical composition of essential oils from the apiaceae family, cytotoxicity, and their antifungal activity in vitro against candida species from oral cavity
Authors: Vieira J. N. , Gonçalves C. L. , Villarreal J. P. V. , Gonçalves V. M. , Lund R. G. , Freitag R. A. , Silva A. F. , Nascente P. S.
Published: October 2018

Abstract The aims of this research were: evaluate the chemical composition and the cytotoxicity of the Cuminum cyminum (cumin), Anethum graveolens (dill), Pimpinella anisum (anise) and Foeniculum vulgare (fennel) essential oils, as well as their antifungal activity in vitro against ten Candida spp. isolates. The chemical composition of the oils was analyzed by means of gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC/MS). The cytotoxicity assays were performed, using the cell proliferation reagent WST-1 in L929 mouse fibroblasts (20x103 well-1). The determinate the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC), was performed through the Broth Microdilution technique (CLSI). The chemical main components were the cuminaldehyde (32.66%) for cumin, carvone (34.89%) for the dill, trans-anethole (94.01%) for the anise and anethole (79.62%) for the fennel. Anise and fennel did not were cytotoxic in all the tested concentrations, however the cumin oil was cytotoxic in the concentration of 20 mg.mL-1 and the dill in the concentrations of 20 and 8 mg.mL-1. All yeasts were susceptible against the evaluated essential oils. Cumin presented the lowest MIC against yeasts. We concluded that all the essential oils presented inhibitory action against Candida spp., and C . cyminum, P. anisum and F. vulgare were not cytotoxic in the same minimum inhibitory concentrations for the fungi.
Descolonização, feminismos e condição queer em contextos africanos
Authors: Rea Caterina Alessandra
Published: October 2018

Resumo: Este texto conduz a um primeiro mapeamento do campo de estudo sobre sexualidades e teoria queer em contextos africanos. A África está se delineando como um laboratório de elaboração de práticas teóricas - no campo do feminismo e das sexualidades dissidentes. Destacamos as produções de uma jovem geração de africanos que problematiza as normas sexuais e de gênero nos diversos países da África do ponto de vista teórico, nos fundamentamos na primeira coletânea Queer africana, o Queer African Reader (QAR), publicada em 2013, e na coletânea Reclaiming Afrikan, publicada em 2014, que reúnem contribuições de estudios@s e militantes de vários países do continente. O maior aporte destas reflexões consiste em romper com a imagem de uma África homogênea do ponto de vista cultural e das práticas sexuais, colocando contra o muro a representação da África “obsessivamente” homofóbica, perpetuada pelas agendas LGBT globais, e a representação do caráter supostamente não africano da homossexualidade, disseminada pelos discursos nacionalistas de grupos religiosos locais. O QAR apresenta uma versão descolonizada da dissidência sexual que repensa o queer desde o Sul.
Moderada endemicidade da infecção pelo vírus linfotrópico-T humano na região metropolitana de Belém, Pará, Brasil
Authors: Silva Ingrid Christiane , Pinheiro Bruna Teles , Nobre Akim Felipe Santos , Coelho Jaciana Lima , Pereira Cássia Cristine Costa , Ferreira Louise de Souza Canto , Almeida Camila Pâmela Santos de , Viana Maria de Nazaré do Socorro de Almeida , Almeida Danilo Souza de , Falcão Jairo Ribeiro , Santos Yago Costa Vasconcelos dos , Araújo Marcos William Leão de , Borges Mariza da Silva , Nascimento Lisandra Duarte , Valentim Lorena Saldanha , Casseb Jorge Simão do Rosario , Costa Carlos Araújo da , Sousa Maísa Silva de
Published: October 2018

RESUMO: Introdução: A disseminação da infecção pelo vírus linfotrópico-T humano (HTLV) em famílias da área metropolitana de Belém, Pará, Brasil, e a ausência de estudos na população em geral requisitam investigações que esclareçam melhor a sua prevalência na região. Metodologia: Foi realizada pesquisa de anticorpos anti-HTLV-1/HTLV-2 em indivíduos adultos transeuntes de logradouros públicos de Belém, entre novembro de 2014 e novembro de 2015. A infecção foi confirmada por pesquisa de DNA proviral e foi realizada avaliação clínica e investigação intrafamiliar dos infectados. Resultados: Dos 1.059 indivíduos investigados, 21 (2,0%) apresentaram amostras sororeagentes, 15 (1,4%) confirmados para HTLV-1, 5 (0,5%) para HTLV-2 e o DNA proviral foi indetectável em 1 caso. A média de idade dos infectados (57,2) foi maior que a dos não infectados (46,2) (p = 0,0010). A infecção aumentou com a idade e se destacou nos indivíduos com renda familiar menor ou igual a um salário mínimo. A transmissão intrafamiliar parece ter ocorrido em todas as famílias investigadas. Dentre os portadores de HTLV-1, 30% (3/10) já apresentavam algum sintoma relacionado à infecção. Discussão: O aumento da infecção de acordo com a idade pode ocorrer por soroconversão tardia de infecção pré-adquirida ou pelo risco cumulativo de novas infecções, sobretudo em mulheres. Conclusão: A infecção por HTLV demonstrou moderada prevalência na população estudada, com predomínio do HTLV-1. Essa mostrou-se associada à baixa renda e ao aumento da idade das mulheres. Também apresentou disseminação intrafamiliar e negligência no diagnóstico das doenças associadas.
Phylogenetic relationships of the family Tarumaniidae (Characiformes) based on nuclear and mitochondrial data
Authors: Arcila Dahiana , Petry Paulo , Ortí Guillermo
Published: October 2018

ABSTRACT Characiformes is an order of freshwater fishes that includes many commercially important and emblematic species from South America and Africa, such as the popular piranhas, hatchetfishes, African tiger fishes and tetras. The order is split into two suborders with a total of 24 families, 282 genera and ca. 2,100 species. Here, we present an expanded phylogeny of characiform fishes, including data for 520 species and three genes (12S, 16S and RAG1), and the recently described family Tarumaniidae, which has not been examined by previous molecular analysis. Although our genetic coverage is limited to three gene fragments, the tree inferred based on maximum likelihood and Bayesian inference supports the monophyly of all characiform families and is largely congruent with results from recent studies that sampled less taxa but more genes. Also in agreement with a morphological hypothesis, our results strongly support the sister-group relationships between the family Tarumaniidae and Erythrinidae. Based on our results and that of the other molecular analyses, we propose a revised circumscription of the superfamily Erythrinoidea to include the families Tarumaniidae and Erythrinidae only.
Why analyze germination experiments using Generalized Linear Models?
Authors: Carvalho Fábio Janoni , Santana Denise Garcia de , Araújo Lúcio Borges de
Published: October 2018

Abstract: We compared the goodness of fit and efficiency of models for germination. Generalized Linear Models (GLMs) were performed with a randomized component corresponding to the percentage of germination for a normal distribution or to the number of germinated seeds for a binomial distribution. Lower levels of Akaikes’s Information Criterion (AIC) and Bayesian Information Criterion (BIC) combined, data adherence to simulated envelopes of normal plots and corrected confidence intervals for the means guaranteed the binomial model a better fit, justifying the importance of GLMs with binomial distribution. Some authors criticize the inappropriate use of analysis of variance (ANOVA) for discrete data such as copaiba oil, but we noted that all model assumptions were met, even though the species had dormant seeds with irregular germination.
Yield, germination and herbicide residue in seeds of preharvest desiccated wheat
Authors: Perboni Lais Tessari , Agostinetto Dirceu , Vargas Leandro , Cechin Joanei , Zandoná Renan Ricardo , Farias Humberto De Souza
Published: October 2018

Abstract: The goals of this study were to evaluate herbicide application rates at different timings for preharvest desiccation of wheat (Trial 1), as well as to evaluate the effect of the timing of herbicide desiccation at preharvest and harvest timing (Trial 2) on yield, germination, and herbicide residue in wheat seed. In Trial 1, treatments consisted of two application rates of glufosinate, glyphosate, paraquat, or paraquat+diuron and a control without application; application time periods were in the milk grain to early dough stage, soft dough to hard dough stage, and hard dough stage. In Trial 2, treatments consisted of different application time periods (milk grain to early dough stage, and soft dough to hard dough stage), different herbicides (glufosinate, 2,4-D+glyphosate, and untreated control), and different harvest times (5, 10 and 15 days after herbicide application). One thousand seeds weight, yield, first and final germination count, and herbicide residue on seeds were evaluated. Preharvest desiccation with paraquat, glufosinate, and 2,4-D+glyphosate at the milk grain to early dough stage reduces wheat yield. Regardless of the herbicide and application rate, application in the milk grain to early dough stage and soft dough to hard dough stage provides greater germination of wheat seeds, except at the lower dose of paraquat. Systemic herbicides accumulate more in wheat seeds.
Salinity tolerance in Senna macranthera (DC. ex Collad.) H. S. Irwin & Barneby seeds with sodium nitroprusside (SNP) promoted by cyanide
Authors: Silva Aparecida Leonir da , Pinheiro Daniel Teixeira , Borges Eduardo Euclydes de Lima e , Silva Laércio Junio da , Dias Denise Cunha Fernandes dos Santos
Published: October 2018

Abstract: Studies show the positive effect of the nitric oxide donor in the seed germination process. However, there are no precise reports about which compound present in sodium nitroprusside would cause these effects in seeds under salt stress. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of SNP on germination of Senna macranthera seeds under salt stress. The osmotic potentials of -0.3, -0.4, and -0.5 MPa of NaCl were used, as well as the concentration of 100 μM of sodium nitroprusside, inactive sodium nitroprusside, and ferrocyanide. The sodium nitroprusside in germination was applied before, during, and after salt stress. Germination rate, germination speed index, percentage of normal seedlings, and seedling development components were evaluated. The treatments that proved to be more promising in recovery of germination under salt stress are -0.4 MPa together with SNP; -0.4 MPa together with inactive SNP; -0.5 MPa together with SNP and -0.5 MPa together with inactive SNP. Effects similar to those brought about by the sodium nitroprusside treatment were also observed in the treatments with inactive sodium nitroprusside and ferrocyanide, indicating that the effects observed were related to release of the cyanide present in the sodium nitroprusside.
Interference Between Signal Grass and Cinderella Weed
Authors: MARTINS P.F.R.B. , YAMAUTI M.S. , ALVES P.L.C.A.
Published: October 2018

ABSTRACT: The aim in this work was to evaluate the coexistence of Urochloa decumbens (signal grass) and Synedrellopsis grisebachii (Cinderella weed) in a replacement series experiment. To find the critical population density, 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 24 and 32 plants were planted in the same box, harvested after 40 days, dried and weighted, and analyzed through regression analysis. The replacement series experiment used density percentages for signal grass and Cinderella weed of 100:0, 75:25, 50:50, 25:75 and 0:100. The aboveground parts were harvested, dried and analyzed through qualitative and quantitative measures. Sixteen plants per box were needed for the signal grass to achieve the critical population. Qualitative analysis showed mutual harm to the dry matter allocation of both species. Quantitative analysis showed Cinderella weed to be a better competitor than signal grass.
Weed Seed Bank Dynamics: Weed Seed Bank Modulation Through Tillage and Weed Management
Authors: MAQSOOD Q. , ABBAS R.N. , KHALIQ A. , ZAHIR Z.A.
Published: October 2018

ABSTRACT: A field trial was conducted with the aim of assessing weed seed bank status of soil under maize cultivation. It was worked out by sampling from soil corer at different depths ranging from 0-5, 5-10, 10-15, 15-20 and 20-25 cm. Weed seed bank was monitored with a cultivator, a rotavator, a mouldboard plough (MB) and a chisel plough in tilled plots under Atrazine 330 EC at 1.00 kg a.i. ha-1 at 20 DAS, hand weeding at 20 and 40 DAS and no weeding. Sixteen weed species were identified in soil samples, four species contributing about 72% of the total weed seed bank. Tillage system was more important determinant of weed seed density than the weed management practices. Movement pattern of weed seeds by all tillage treatments differ significantly over three weeding management practices at 0-5 cm soil core. Horse purslane (28%) and jungle rice (20%) were with high relative abundance. In both years, change in weed seed bank in upper 0-5 cm soil was significant as seeds germinating from this layer were either removed by hand or killed with chemical or left unchecked. Only chisel plough tapped the soil core below 20 cm and caused a small reduction in weed seed density. Mouldbold plough effectively buried weed seeds below 10 cm but not beyond 20 cm and hand hoeing reduced weed seed bank by killing weeds at seedling stage.
Population Interference of Glyphosate Resistant and Susceptible Ryegrass on Eucalyptus Initial Development
Authors: BRAGA A.F. , BARROSO A.A.M. , AMARAL C.L. , NEPOMUCENO M.P. , ALVES P.L.C.A.
Published: October 2018

ABSTRACT: The repetitive use of herbicides with the same mechanism of action causes the selection of resistant weeds, such as ryegrass. Considering the occurrence of ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum) in eucalyptus, a crop on which glyphosate is used, it is necessary to study its interference. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of densities (0, 10, 20, 30 and 50 plants m-2) of two ryegrass biotypes (resistant and susceptible to glyphosate) on seedlings of two eucalyptus clones (I-144 and 1407). The used experimental design was in randomized blocks with four replications, following a 2 x 5 factorial arrangement for each clone. The height and diameter of the clones were evaluated at 0, 14, 28, 42, 56 and 70 days after transplantation (DAT), and at 70 DAT, the leaf area and dry biomass of eucalyptus and ryegrass were also evaluated. There was no interaction between the biotype and densities factors for the clones, but all characteristics were affected by the factors separately. The increase in ryegrass densities affected all the characteristics evaluated in the clones, being the leaf area of the eucalyptus clones the most affected one, with reductions of up to 72%. The resistant biotype was less competitive, causing reductions in clones of up to 39% in leaf area, 5% in diameter and 1% in height, while the susceptible biotype resulted in reductions of 51%, 13% and 6%, respectively. Thus, the tolerable density by the culture to the resistant biotypes may be greater than that of the susceptible biotypes.
Tolerance of Annual Winter Species to Protoporfirinogen Oxidase Inhibiting Herbicides (Protox)
Authors: ALVES C. , GALON L. , KAIZER R.R. , WINTER F.L. , HOLZ C.M. , NONEMACHER F. , SANTIN C.O.
Published: October 2018

ABSTRACT: The use of plant species for the phytoremediation of soils contaminated with herbicides is an alternative that has been emphasized to minimize the effects of the persistence of agrochemicals in the environment. The objective of this study was to evaluate the tolerance potential of winter species in soils contaminated with sulfentrazone and fomesafen. The experiment was in a completely randomized design with four replications. Doses of fomesafen (0.0, 0.125, 0.250, and 0.5 kg ha-1) and sulfentrazone (0.0, 0.3, 0.6 and 1.2 kg ha-1) were applied during the pre-emergence of phytoremediate species (black oat, vetch, birdsfood trefoil, radish and lupin). Forty five days after the emergence of the species, the phytotoxicity (%), leaf area (cm2), stalk and/or stem diameter (mm), height (cm) and dry matter (g) variables of the plants were evaluated. Data were submitted to analysis of variance by F test; when significant, linear or non linear regressions were applied to evaluate the effect of herbicide doses on the studied species. Birdsfood trefoil was the less tolerant species to fomesafen and sulfentrazone. Black oat was less affected by the application of fomesafen doses, but it was highly susceptible to sulfentrazone. Radish presented tolerance only up to the fomesafen dose of 0.25 kg ha-1; as for sulfentrazone, the species showed tolerance. The most tolerant species to fomesafen and sulfentrazone, regardless of the dose, was the lupine, which is a possible alternative for the phytoremediation of soils contaminated with these herbicides.
Photosynthetic Potential and Productivity of Common Beans under Herbicide Effect
Authors: LIMA G.R. , MACEDO D.C. , BARROS R.L.N. , MACHADO A.F.L. , PIMENTEL C.
Published: October 2018

ABSTRACT: The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of the application of contact herbicides recommended for common bean crops, as for chlorophyll a fluorescence parameters, leaf soluble proteins content (LSPC) and productivity. The experiment was conducted on the field with five treatments, which were the application of the following herbicides: bentazon (720 g ha-1), fluazifop-p-butil (187.5 g ha-1), fomesafen (250 g ha-1) fluazifop-p-butil + fomesafen (187.5 + 250 g ha-1), and a manually weeded control treatment without herbicide application, in a randomized block design with four replications. Bentazon was the only herbicide causing significant reductions, but only until the first day after herbicide application (DAA), on the following chlorophyll a fluorescence parameters: maximum quantum yield of photosystem II (Fv/Fm), effective quantum yield of photosystem II (ϕPSII), photochemical quenching (qP); it also induced an increase in non-photochemical quenching (NPQ). Fv/Fm was the best parameter to indicate herbicide effect on the photosynthetic apparatus of plants in the field. Chlorophyll a fluorescence parameters obtained in light-adapted leaves underwent a high environmental influence, especially deriving from the variation in the photosynthetic photon flow density (PPFD) during measurements; they are not recommended to evaluate the effects of herbicides on the field. None of the applied herbicides evaluated caused reductions in grain yield; therefore, they are recommended for common bean crops.
News Techniques for the Application of Herbicides on Soybean Crops
Authors: PEREIRA C.S. , LIMA C. , MEDEIROS A.L. , ARANTES S.A.C.M. , ASSIS R.P. , FIORINI I.V.A. , CARVALHO G.
Published: October 2018

ABSTRACT: There is a need for an increase nin efficiency and a reduction in the risk of environmental contamination in controlling weeds; this can be obtained with the development of the new techniques for the application of herbicides. The objective was to verify the efficiency of different herbicide application techniques on soybean crops (Glycine max (L.) Merrill). The experiment was conducted in a commercial area in the municipality of Sinop, Mato Grosso state. The design was a randomized block, with four replications and six treatments, namely: herbicide application with a manual backpack sprayer; application with an acrylic wool roll with 9 mm long hairs; sheep’s wool roller with 9 mm long hairs; high density polyester foam roller; weeding with a hoe and free growth (no control). The used cultivar was TMG 132. The herbicide spray used in the treatments was: glyphosate 960 g ha-1, 80 g ha-1 haloxyfop-p-methyl 600 mL ha-1 and oil, diluted in water and applied 14 and 27 days after emergence (DAE). The weed population, vegetative growth, chlorophyll content and soybean yield were evaluated. The use of the sprayer and the application with the sheep’s wool roller showed greater efficiency in weed control, but the mixture of herbicides resulted in culture phytotoxicity when applied via foliar spraying.
Assessment of Integrated Weed Management Approaches on Asphodelus tenuifolius in Chickpea
Authors: KHAN I. , KHAN M.I. , ULLAH H. , HAROON M. , GUL B.
Published: October 2018

ABSTRACT: Chickpea is the third most important crop of rainfed areas of Pakistan, and it is severely affected by noxious weed Asphodelus tenuifolius. Therefore, a field trial was conducted to evaluate the effect of different allelopathic weed extracts, herbicides and mulches in controlling A. tenuifolius and other associated weeds in chickpea at “District Karak” Khyber Pakhtunkhwa-Pakistan. The experiment was carried out in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) and replicated thrice using a chickpea cultivar (Chattan) which was grown for the experimental trial. There were 9 treatments along with control for comparison. The treatments Stomp 330 EC (Pre-emergence) at 2.5 L ha-1, Fenoxaprop-p-ethyl, Bromoxanil+MCPA (Tank mix), Starane-M, mulching (Eucalyptus leaves), mulching (Wheat straw mulch), allelopathic weed extract (A. tenuifolius) + Stomp, allelopathic weed extract (Cyperus rotundus), allelopathic weed extract (Sorghum halepense) and control treatment were used in this trial. Data were recorded on A. tenuifolius density m-2 before and after application of weed management practices (m-2), A.tenuifolius fresh weight (m-2), seed yield (kg.ha-1), biological yield (kg ha-1) and cost-benefit ratio. Weed density before weed management was found to be non-significant. The data showed that minimum A. tenuifolius density after weed management and fresh weight (m-2) were found for Stomp 330 EC (6.33 m-2 and 1.98 kg m-2), which is statistically similar to Fenoxaprop-p-ethyl 6.9 EC (10.33 m-2 and 3.03 kg m-2) while maximum A. tenuifolius density and fresh weight (m-2) were recorded for control plots (74.33 m-2 and 287.46 kg m-2). Maximum seed yield (1,781.7 kg ha-1), biological yield (3,823 kg ha-1) and cost-benefit ratio (3.47) were recorded for plots treated with Stomp 330 EC, while the lowest seed yield (851.7 kg ha-1), biological yield (3,126.3 kg ha-1) and cost-benefit ratio (1.53) were observed for the control plot. Among the nutritive parameters in chickpea, maximum crude protein (17.40%), crude fat content (4.90%) and oil content (5.98%) were recorded for plots treated with Stomp 330 EC, while minimum crude protein (16.18%), crude fat content (4.12%) and oil content (5.01%) were found in the control plots. Thus, it is recommended that herbicides Stomp 330 EC and Fenoxaprop-p-ethyl should be used at pre-emergence at their recommended doses for control of A.tenuifolius and other associated weeds in chickpea crops.
Evaporation and wettability of fungicide spray, with or without adjuvant, on leaves of vegetables
Authors: Precipito Laís MB , Dario Gustavo , Oliveira João V , Oliveira Rone B
Published: October 2018

ABSTRACT On tomato, cucumber and bell pepper cultivation, commonly large quantities of plant-protection products are applied, to control pests and diseases, as a way to guarantee better productivity and final product quality. The knowledge of spreading and evaporation time of spray droplets is fundamental to understand the interaction between fungicides and target surface for proper distribution of this fungicide. This study was installed to determine the wetting area and droplet evaporation of sprays containing the fungicide Cabrio Top, with or without adjuvant Nimbus®, deposited on leaves and artificial surfaces (glass slide). A system was used which analyzes images composed of a droplet generator, a stereoscope camera for capturing images and a climatic chamber for controlling temperature and relative air humidity. Droplets of 600 µm in diameter containing spray solution were deposited on leaf surfaces and on glass slide and sequential images were used to quantify the wetting area and the evaporation time. The spray solution and the target surface are determinant for wetness and droplet evaporation after deposition. Evaporation time and surface tension were inversely proportional to the wetting areas. Addition of adjuvant Nimbus® (0.5%, v/v) reduced the surface tension and provided an increase in the wetting surface area, except on tomato leaves which had shown low wetting capacity in both fungicide solutions applied.
Irrigation as an alternative to reduce damages caused by defoliation of sweet corn
Authors: Santos Osvaldir F , Lima Sebastião F , Piati Gabriel Luiz , Barzotto Gustavo R , Gava Ricardo
Published: October 2018

ABSTRACT Reduction of leaf area significantly affects maize productivity, due to its low plasticity. Thus, appropriate water application can minimize this problem, considering that under favorable water conditions the plant would express its maximum production potential. The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of irrigation on the productive performance of sweet corn submitted to different defoliation levels at the beginning of crop cycle. The experimental design was a randomized block design, arranged in split plot scheme; plots consisting of four water depths [50, 75, 100 and 125% of crop evapotranspiration (ETc)] and the subplots consisted of three defoliation levels [0% (control); 35% (removal of four fully expanded leaves), 100% (total removal of leaves, shoot section)], with three replicates. The use of irrigation has a positive influence on recovery of damages caused by defoliation at the initial development stages of sweet corn, and the success of irrigation management, as a strategy to mitigate damages caused by defoliation, depends on the level of the lost leaf area and the amount of water used.
Effect of potassium sources on potato tuber yield and chip quality
Authors: Silva Giovani O , Bortoletto Antonio C , Carvalho Agnaldo DF , Pereira Arione S
Published: October 2018

ABSTRACT Many potato producers for fry industry changed from the use of potassium chloride to potassium sulfate, as there is a concept that the use of this source improves tuber quality. The aim of this work was to evaluate the effect of these two potassium sources on yield, specific gravity and chip color of potato chipping cultivars. The experiment was carried out on a Dystrophic Red Latosol, in Canoinhas, Brazil, in spring season 2016. Treatments consisted of two potato cultivars, BRSIPR Bel and Atlantic, and two sources of potassium, chloride and sulfate, applied in the furrow at the planting time, in rates based on soil analysis. Experimental design was a randomized complete block in a split-plot arrangement with four replications. Main plots were cultivars and subplots potassium sources. 100 days after planting each sub-plot was evaluated for yield, specific gravity and chip color. There was no significant effect of potassium source on yield components, specific gravity and chip color of BRSIPR Bel and Atlantic.