bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Exploring underutilization of skilled maternal healthcare in rural Edo, Nigeria: A qualitative study
Authors: Udenigwe Ogochukwu , Okonofua Friday E. , Ntoimo Lorretta F. C. , Yaya Sanni
Published: August 2022

Introduction

Existing studies have acknowledged the underutilization of skilled maternal healthcare services among women in rural Nigeria. Consequently, women in rural areas face a disproportionate risk of poor health outcomes including maternal morbidity and mortality. Addressing the challenge of non-use of skilled maternal healthcare in rural areas necessitates the involvement of multi-stakeholders across different sectors who have vital roles to play in improving maternal health. This study explores the factors contributing to the non-use of maternal healthcare services in rural areas of Edo, Nigeria from the perspectives of community elders and policymakers.

Methods

In this qualitative study, data were collected through 10 community conversations (group discussions) with community elders each consisting of 12 to 21 participants, and six key informant interviews with policymakers in rural areas of Edo State, Nigeria. Participants were purposefully selected. Conversations and interviews occurred in English, Pidgin English and the local language; lasted for an average of 9 minutes; were audio-recorded and transcribed to English. Data were manually coded, and data analysis followed the analytical strategies for qualitative description including an iterative process of inductive and deductive approaches.

Results

Policymakers and community elders attributed the non-use of maternal health services to poor quality of care. Notions of poor quality of care included shortages in skilled healthcare workers, apathy and abusive behaviours from healthcare providers, lack of life-saving equipment, and lack of safe skilled pregnancy care. Non-use was also attributed to women’s complex utilization patterns which involved a combination of different types of healthcare services, including traditional care. Participants also identified affordability and accessibility factors as deterrents to women’s use of skilled maternal healthcare.

Conclusion

The emerging findings on pregnant women’s combined use of different types of care highlight the need to improve the quality, availability, accessibility, and affordability of skilled maternal care for rural women in Nigeria.
The Semantic Network Analysis of Inservice or Pre-service Teachers and Virtual Parent in Counseling Simulation
Authors:   Center For Educational Research, Ki Suhyun , Ryu Jeeheon , Kim Daeun
Published: August 2022

Purpose: This study compared and analyzed the difference of counseling on parent between in-service and pre-service teachers in virtual reality based parent counseling simulations and obtained implications for the development of pre-service teacher curriculum and simulations to enhance parental counseling competency.
Methods: Twenty-one in-service teachers with more than 5 years of teaching experience and twenty-one pre-service teachers who had taken a teaching practice had a conversation with a virtual parent and the basic attribute of semantic network analysis, centrality analysis and word-level semantic clustering were conducted.
Results: The semantic network of in-service teachers had higher index values such the number of ties, average degree, and density than the network of pre-service teachers. The semantic network of in-service teachers had more words with high degree, closeness, betweenness centralities than the words of pre-service teachers. There was a difference in the context of the keywords used by each group in counseling.
Conclusion: Through the difference in the semantic networks, the criteria necessary for the development of parental counseling capabilities of pre-service teachers were prepared.
Georeferencing with Self-Calibration for Airborne Full-Waveform Lidar Data Using Digital Elevation Model
Authors: Li Qinghua , Shan Jie
Published: August 2022

Precise georeferencing of airborne full-waveform lidar is a complex process. On one hand, no ground control points are visible due to heavy canopy. While on the other hand, precise georeferencing relies on ground control. As an alternative, we propose to use an available digital elevation model (DEM ) as control. The mathematical framework minimizes the difference between the lidar DEM and the reference DEM. Our solution consists of two steps: initial optimization to find reliable ground points through iterative filtering and georeferencing, and fine optimization to achieve precise georeferencing and lidar system calibration. Through this approach, the wave-form-derived DEM can best fit the reference DEM, with a mean of 0.937 m and standard deviation of 0.792 m, while the time-synchronization offset and boresight angles are simultaneously determined, i.e., self-calibrated. This development provides a novel georeferencing approach with self-calibration for lidar data without using conventional ground control points.
Dynamic Spatial Fusion of Cloud Vertical Phase from CALIPSO and CloudSat Satellite Data
Authors: Chen Zhenting , Wang Junfeng , Gao Dongyang , Xu Bing , Yu Wenjie , Yang Min
Published: August 2022

Cloud phase is a core parameter of inversion of cloud characteristics. The accuracy of cloud phase affects the results of cloud optical and microphysical characteristics. In this study, we obtain the cloud vertical phase (CVP ) products of CALIPSO and CloudSat satellites, then we put
forward a dynamic spatial fusion algorithm for the fusion of the two products. A series of spatial optimal CVP fusion rules are presented for dual-source data, and we realize CVP fusion using these rules. We took Typhoon Lupit in the Pacific Ocean as an experimental object. The results show
that the total cloud pixel amount increased by 124.09% and 10.54%, respectively, compared to those of CALIPSO and CloudSat. The recognition of different CVP is 7.97% and 1.37%. The results show that this method can improve the accuracy of multi-source CVP inversion effectively, and provide
new ways for the synergy of multi-sensor satellites.
Progressive TIN Densification with Connection Analysis for Urban Lidar Data
Authors: Wang Tao , Deng Lianbin , Li Yuhong , Peng Hao
Published: August 2022

Urban lidar data are advantageous for capturing the terrain surface of built-up areas, which can be directly used to provide digital surface models. Cloud points are classified into ground points to obtain digital terrain models. This study proposes a method to improve the progressive
triangulated irregular network (TIN ) densification method using a TIN connection analysis algorithm, namely, connection analysis via slope analysis. The proposed method comprises five steps: selection of seed points, connection and slope analysis, increasing the seed points, construction
of the TIN model of the seed points, and an iterative construction of the final TIN. Seven data sets from the International Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing Working Group are used to test whether the proposed method can preserve discontinuities of landscapes and reduce omission
and total errors by an average of 9% and 5%, respectively; achieving such results can reduce the amount of workload required for result modification during posttreatment, thus decreasing costs.
Waste Identification in Production Process Using Lean Manufacturing: A Case Study
Authors: Paramawardhani Herninanjati , Amar Kifayah
Published: August 2022

All manufacturing industries need to perform a continuous efforts to survive in the current competitive and challenging market. In order to manage the critical situation, the stakeholders are trying to implement the most recent and innovative technique to the production system. The aim is to attain effective and efficient. One important step to reach efficient working process is by understanding wastes occurred along the production line and try to reducing their presence. Lean manufacturing approach is one of the powerful philosophies to guide a company to improve their quality, by providing varieties of tools and strategies. This approach is able to help company in many sectors, such as identification and elimination of waste, better quality of product and service, lowering the production cost, reducing the human effort and the production process time. In this study, a small industry was chosen as the object of the research. The aim of the research is to identify waste that occurs in the production using waste assessment model then solve the problem and determine the value added activity in the whole production process of cake using value stream mapping. Based on the analysis, it can be concluded that based on the current state value stream mapping, the value of the process cycle efficiency is only 28.49% which is still relatively un-lean. From the overview is also identified the departments that were subjected to the identification are the emergence of goods WIP (work in process), the amount of finished goods inventory, and long lead time. After using PAM, it is known that the whole process of making cake consisted of 28.49% of time spent on value-added activities, 3.35% non-value-added activities, and the rest for necessary but non value added activity. This study has proposed schedule for the Green-bean-filling`s department. This proposed schedule is able to increase the process cycle efficiency to 41.36%. Keyword: lean manufacturing, waste identification, waste assessment model, value stream mapping
Estabilidad de taludes en presas de tierra considerando el ángulo de succión del suelo no saturado
Authors: Flores Berenguer Isaida , González Haramboure Yoermes , García Tristá Jenny
Published: August 2022

La presente investigación consiste en analizar el efecto del suelo no saturados al introducir la curva característica y el ángulo de succión en el análisis de la estabilidad de taludes en presas de tierra homogéneas. Para ello, se considera una presa de tierra con 22 metros de altura de cortina, teniendo en cuenta los estados: final de construcción y operación, considerando dos suelos de tipo CH en la cortina y tres suelos tipo SC en la base. Para el presente estudio se emplea el ángulo de succión calculado a partir del ángulo de fricción interna y el grado de saturación del suelo, comparando el resultado obtenido con el correspondiente a la curva característica experimental de los mismos suelos. Se emplea el programa GeoStudio 2018, y el Método de Elementos Finitos combinando las componentes SEEP/W y SLOPE/W. El resultado fundamental revela que es posible considerar el estado no saturado del suelo de manera directa mediante el ángulo de succión, a partir de nuevas relaciones respecto al ángulo de fricción interna del suelo y en función del nivel de agua de la presa analizada.
Distal Aortic Malperfusion Exacerbated by Antegrade Stent-Graft Placement During Hybrid Repair of Acute DeBakey Type I Aortic Dissection
Authors: Reul Ross M. , Hong Jonathan C. , Coselli Joseph S. , Preventza Ourania
Published: August 2022

We present the case of an acute DeBakey type I aortic dissection with malperfusion. The patient underwent valve resuspension, ascending aortic and partial arch replacement, debranching of the innominate artery, and placement of a small-diameter stent within the left common carotid artery, after which antegrade deployment of a stent-graft into the proximal descending thoracic aorta was performed to expand the true lumen. Distal malperfusion was exacerbated by the stent-graft's traversal into the false lumen, necessitating further endovascular repair to reestablish flow to the distal aorta. Mitigation before stent-graft placement (for example, inserting a wire within the true lumen under fluoroscopic guidance to ensure stent-graft placement in the true lumen) and prompt corrective procedures are paramount, given the grim consequences of prolonged distal ischemia.
Prospects and Challenges of Malaysia's Distributed Energy Resources in Business Models Towards Zero – Carbon Emission and Energy Security
Authors: Ilham Nur Iqtiyani , Hussin Mohamad Zhafran , Dahlan Nofri Yenita , Setiawan Eko Adhi
Published: August 2022

For a decade, distributed energy resources in Malaysia have growth as one of the paths in battling with sustainable energy crisis and environmental pollution. Several intriguing initiatives and incentives have been established to encourage the use and sales-side of renewable energy at the distribution consumers. However, Malaysia's distributed energy resources penetration is still at its slow pace, with only 7.6% (excluding large hydropower) shared in energy mix generation. Therefore, innovation in power systems is required to drive the uptake of distributed energy resources. This paper reviews the business model innovation that allows distributed energy resources to participate in national grid services and the wholesale electricity market. Different technical and non-technical challenges with high shares of variable renewable energy in power systems are highlighted, and the current update on compensation scheme, Net-Energy-Metering 3.0 is also discussed. Along with these challenges, stance the prospect of adopting distributed energy resources innovation projects such as peer-to-peer energy trading and virtual power plant in the electricity market. It could further furnish the benefits to a better environmental and power system in terms of carbon dioxide avoidance, grid flexibility and increase revenue for distributed energy resources owners respectively. Through the review, it led to observation that policy and regulatory in Malaysia are the main factors in accelerating the distributed energy resources deployment. Therefore, the abilities and roles of Malaysia Energy Commission and Sustainable Energy Development Authority as a regulator and implementing agencies are crucial in determining the present and future distributed energy resources business model.
Synthesis of Surfactant-Modified Activated Carbon (SMAC) Above Critical Micelle Concentration as Cr(VI) Ion Adsorbent
Authors: Arnelli Arnelli , Guswini Sri , Suseno Ahmad
Published: August 2022

The synthesis of surfactant-modified activated carbon (SMAC) has been widely studied. However, no research has been conducted to study SMAC concentrations higher than the critical micellar concentration. Therefore, in this study, SMAC was synthesized using anionic and cationic surfactants above CMC (Critical Micelle Concentration) and compared with SMAC below CMC and coconut husk-based activated carbon. This study aimed to determine the surface profile of SMAC and the characteristics and mechanism of metal ion adsorption by SMAC. The selected metal ions were Cr(VI) cations and NH4+ cations as a reference. SMAC was prepared by modifying coconut shell-based activated carbon with anionic surfactant SLS (Sodium Lauryl Sulfate) and cationic surfactant HDTMA-Br (Hexadecyl Trimethyl Ammonium Bromide). Modification of SMAC was performed by three different methods: (a) activated carbon was added gradually with SLS followed by HDTMA-Br, (b) activated carbon was added with HDTMA-Br followed by SLS, (c) activated carbon was mixed with SLS and HDTMA-Br simultaneously. All synthesized SMAC were characterized using FTIR, GSA (Gas Sorption Analyzer), and zeta potential. The FTIR analysis results showed that the synthesized SMAC comprised S=O and (CH3)3N+ groups derived from surfactants. GSA analysis revealed that SMAC has a surface area of 36.790 m2/g, and it was more stable than activated carbon according to the zeta potential result. In this study, the efficiency of SLS and HDTMA-Br in synthesizing SMAC was 99.98% and 95.85%, respectively. SMAC synthesis using method c resulted in Cr(VI) adsorption efficiency of 93.50% and NH4+ adsorption efficiency of 87.37%. In comparison, SMAC below CMC has adsorption capacities of 93.41% for Cr(VI) and 85.05% for NH4+, respectively, whereas Cr(VI) adsorption efficiency by coconut shell-based activated carbon was 99.98%.
Approximation of conic sections by weighted Lupaş post-quantum Bézier curves
Authors: Khan Asif , Iliyas Mohammad , Khan Khalid , Mursaleen Mohammad
Published: August 2022

This paper deals with weighted Lupaş post-quantum Bernstein blending functions and Bézier curves constructed with the help of bases via

(

p
,
q

)

\left(p,q)

-integers. These blending functions form normalized totally positive bases. Due to the rational nature of weighted Lupaş post-quantum Bézier curves and positive weights, they help in investigating from geometric point of view. Their degree elevation properties and de Casteljau algorithm have been studied. It has been shown that quadratic weighted Lupaş post-quantum Bézier curves can represent conic sections in two-dimensional plane. Graphical analysis has been presented to discuss geometric interpretation of weight and conic section representation by weighted Lupaş post-quantum Bézier curves. This new generalized weighted Lupaş post-quantum Bézier curve provides better approximation and flexibility to a particular control point as well as control polygon due to extra parameter

p

p

and

q

q

in comparison to classical rational Bézier curves, Lupaş

q

q

-Bézier curves and weighted Lupaş

q

q

-Bézier curves.
The influence of L1 script directionality and L2 proficiency on Hanzi learning among Arabic and English learners of L2 Chinese
Authors: Zhang Haiwei , Roberts Leah
Published: August 2022

The present research investigates the role of L1 script directionality and L2 proficiency on the learning of Hanzi (Chinese characters) by pre-intermediate and intermediate adult Arabic (right to left) and English (left to right) learners of L2 Chinese who studied at their home country. The tasks included reading Hanzi for pronunciation, writing Hanzi according to Pinyin and meaning, and naming pseudo-Hanzi to examine phonetic radical application skills. The results showed that (1) L1 script directionality background only predicted the performance in Hanzi writing, (2) L2 proficiency was a significant predictor in Hanzi reading and Hanzi writing, and (3) L2 proficiency interacted with L1 script directionality background in phonetic radical application skills. These findings suggest that L1 script directionality background and L2 proficiency play different roles in the development of Hanzi literacy skills and orthographic awareness. The theoretical implications for the influence of L1 writing system on L2 learning and the threshold level for the development of orthographic awareness in Hanzi, and the practical implications for Hanzi instruction are discussed.
Learning phrasal verbs in the EFL classroom: the effect of prior vocabulary knowledge and opacity
Authors: El-Dakhs Dina Abdel Salam , Sonbul Suhad , Alwazzan Rawan
Published: August 2022

Although it is widely acknowledged that phrasal verbs constitute a major difficulty for language learners, only a few studies have examined how to best learn phrasal verbs in the EFL context. With the aim of addressing this gap in the literature, the current study compared the influence of different learning conditions on phrasal verb knowledge development. The 77 EFL participants were divided into two experimental groups (incidental learning vs. enhanced exposure) and a control group. While the incidental learning group read the target phrasal verbs within restaurant reviews, the enhanced exposure group had the phrasal verbs bolded and underlined in the same texts and the control group did not receive any treatment. The participants’ performance on the post-test revealed a clear advantage for enhanced exposure over incidental learning. The results also revealed a significant relationship between the participants’ prior vocabulary knowledge and their phrasal verb knowledge, and that opacity and vocabulary knowledge modulated learning gains. The results are discussed in light of the existing literature. Pedagogical implications and directions for future research are highlighted.
The use of gravity data to determine orthometric heights at the Hong Kong territories
Authors: Nsiah Ababio Albertini , Tenzer Robert
Published: August 2022

The Hong Kong Principal Datum (HKPD) is the currently adopted official geodetic vertical datum at the Hong Kong territories. The HKPD is practically realized by heights of levelling benchmarks. The HKPD heights are, however, neither normal nor orthometric. The reason is that heights of levelling benchmarks were determined from precise levelling measurements, but without involving gravity observations along levelling lines. To reduce systematic errors due to disregarding the gravity information along levelling lines, we used terrestrial and marine gravity data to interpolate gravity values at levelling benchmarks in order to compute and apply the orthometric correction to measured levelling height differences. Our results demonstrate the importance of incorporating the gravity information even for a relatively small region but characterized by a rough topography with heights of levelling benchmarks exceeding several hundreds of meters. According to our estimates, the orthometric correction reaches (and even slightly exceeds) ±2 cm, with maxima along levelling lines crossing mountain chains.
Meta-analysis of zinc feed additive on enhancement of semen quality, fertility and hatchability performance in breeder chickens
Authors: Ogbuewu Ifeanyichukwu Princewill , Mbajiorgu Christain Anayo
Published: August 2022

The incorporation of zinc in the diets of breeding chickens to enhance reproductive performance has been highlighted. However, no consensus has been reached on the effect of dietary zinc supplementation on the reproductive outcomes of breeding chickens. Therefore, the current study assessed the effects of dietary zinc supplementation on semen quality, fertility and hatchability percentage of breeding chickens using meta-analysis. Furthermore, subgroup analysis was also used to assess the effect of zinc sources (organic versus inorganic) on the reproductive outcomes of breeding chickens. A systematic search conducted on four electronic databases following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses yielded 521 candidate studies; 8 of the 521 studies that examined the effects of zinc supplementation on reproductive outcomes of breeding chickens met the selection criteria and were used for the meta-analysis. Outcome measures were pooled using random-effects model and expressed as standardized mean difference (SMD) at a 95% confidence interval (CI) for each study. OpenMEE software was used for the analysis. The results indicate significant increase in semen output (SMD = 1.32 mL, 95% CI: 0.76, 1.89), sperm motility (SMD = 1.10 %, 95% CI: 0.81, 1.39), sperm concentration (SMD = 4.28 × 106/mL, 95% CI: 2.78, 5.79), live sperm percent (SMD = 0.96%, 95% CI: 0.69, 1.23) and significant reductions in percentage dead sperm (SMD = –2.80%; 95% CI: –3.43, –2.17), and abnormal sperm (SMD = –4.64%; 95% CI: –5.74, –3.53) when compared to controls, taking cognizance of heterogeneity. In contrast, zinc supplementation had no effect on fertility and hatchability percentage. The subgroup analysis results revealed that zinc sources influenced aspects of the reproductive outcomes of breeding chickens. We conclude that dietary zinc supplementation had a positive influence on reproductive outcomes of breeding chickens, but did not affect percentage fertility and hatchability.
A semi-analytical method for dynamic analysis of a rectangular plate with general boundary conditions based on FSDT
Authors: Jia Di , Gao Cong , Yang Yuliang , Pang Fuzhen , Li Haichao , Du Yuan
Published: August 2022

In this paper, the unified Jacobi–Ritz method (JRM) is utilized to analyze the dynamic response of rectangular plates with general boundary conditions. First, the structural energy functional is established in the framework of the first-order shear deformation theory, and the rectangular plate is divided into several equal parts according to the domain decomposition method. Then, the artificial springs are introduced to ensure the continuity of segments and diversified boundary conditions. The Jacobi orthogonal polynomials are expanded to represent the displacement field in one direction. Finally, the free and forced vibration characteristics of the rectangular plate can be obtained by utilizing the Rayleigh–Ritz method, where the Newmark-β integration method is adopted to realize the time-domain solutions for transient vibration response. The results for different structural scale parameters and various boundary conditions are presented, and the validity and accuracy of the presented method are verified by comparing the results from published literature and FEM. The results of the study can provide technical support for vibration control of the plate structure.
Nociceptive two-point discrimination acuity and body representation failure in polyneuropathy
Authors: Steenken Livia , Conde Rodrigo M. , Müller Julia K. , Escolano-Lozano Fabiola , Birklein Frank , Dimova Violeta
Published: August 2022

Objectives

Although patients’ complaints suggest polyneuropathy (PNP) and neuropathic pain, routine investigations do not always support the diagnosis. Assessing two-point-pain discrimination thresholds (2ptDT) and quantify body representation disturbances might be useful to close this diagnostic gap.

Methods

Pinprick pain and laser-heat pain perception thresholds and 2ptDT on hands, forearms, lower legs and feet were obtained in 20 PNP patients (mean age: 57.6 ± 13.9) and 20 healthy subjects (mean age: 50.6 ± 4.7 years). Body representation disturbances were assessed by self-estimating feet size and the Bath CRPS body perception disturbances questionnaire adapted for PNP.

Results

Pain perception thresholds and laser-heat pain 2ptDT were unaltered, but patients had higher pinprick pain 2ptDT then the healthy subjects. The 2ptDT for pinprick at the hands discriminate best between groups (U-test; p=0.001). Furthermore, patients estimated their feet longer than they are. In subsequent multivariate discriminant analyses, 2ptDT for pinprick pain at the hands, 2ptDT for laser-heat pain and the perception thresholds for laser-heat pain at the feet classified 85% of PNP vs. HC correctly. The combination of 2ptDT for pinprick pain at the hands, pinprick pain perception thresholds at the calves and foot length estimation differentiates painful vs. non-painful PNPs correctly in 90% of the cases.

Conclusions

Testing 2ptDT for painful pinprick stimuli at the hands and asking for foot length estimation might add to diagnostic accuracy in painful PNP.
Determinants of some Hessenberg matrices with generating functions
Authors: Leerawat Utsanee , Daowsud Katthaleeya
Published: August 2022

In this paper, we derive some relationships between the determinants of some special lower Hessenberg matrices whose entries are the terms of certain sequences and the generating functions of these sequences. Moreover, our results are generalizations of the earlier results from previous researches. Furthermore, interesting examples of the determinants of some special lower Hessenberg matrices are presented.
Silybin has therapeutic efficacy against non-small cell lung cancer through targeting of Skp2
Authors: Zhang Shi-Bing , Hong Ming , Sun Xiao-Yang , Huang Da , He Dan-Hua , Chen Yu-Fei , Yuan Yong , Liu Yong-Qiang
Published: August 2022

Silybin (SB), a natural flavonoid isolated from Silybum marianum, has been used to treat hepatic fibrosis in clinical settings and as a dietary supplement, because of its hepatoprotective potential. Numerous studies have shown that SB also exerts promising anticancer effects; however, the anticancer targets of SB and the underlying mechanism were unclear. Herein, we found that SB significantly inhibited the proliferation of non-small cell lung cancer without causing cytotoxicity toward normal Beas-2B bronchial epithelial cells. Mechanistically, SB binds the F-box protein Skp2 and disrupts Skp1-Skp2 interaction, thereby decreasing Skp2 protein levels, inducing accumulation of Skp2 substrates, and leading to G1-phase cell-cycle arrest and the suppression of cell migration. In lung orthotopic xenografts, SB also significantly decreased Skp2 expression and increased p27/Kip1 protein levels. SB administration inhibited tumor growth and metastasis in lung tissue, thus prolonging survival time in mice without causing obvious toxicity. Thus, SB is a potential Skp2-targeting agent that warrants further clinical investigation.
Hallucinations of the Spanish Imaginary and the Idealized Hotel California
Authors: Sepulveda Charles A.
Published: August 2022

Focusing on the Mission Inn and the Sherman Indian Boarding School in Riverside, this article analyzes an idealized “Hotel California” as a component of what I have called “the Spanish Imaginary.” Just as the Eagles’ song of the same name examines both the mythmaking of Southern California and the American dream, this article describes how that imaginary shapes our collective hallucinations of a time that rightfully should be mourned instead of celebrated. The Mission Inn, which opened in 1902, architecturally portrays the Spanish Imaginary and the mission themes of spirituality, hinting as well at the secular benevolence of the Mexicans and Americans who succeeded the Spanish. This article argues that the pervasive Mission Revival style of architecture that is synonymous with Southern California is a physical manifestation of the anti-Indian ideology that informed the greed and violence of European and American settlement. The newcomers eviscerated the future state’s environment, introducing a genocidal architecture that combines capitalistic culture with an historical imaginary, one that succeeded in drawing millions of settlers to California and became the embodiment of both the American dream and the American nightmare. Both continue to exert their influence: while the Sherman Indian Boarding School has moved away from its Spanish mission roots, today’s Mission Inn presents visitors with the idealized “Hotel California” version of the Golden State’s past, wrapping the reality of Indian slavery and genocide in a distinctive form of plantation nostalgia.

Perhaps no other structure in California better illustrates the colonial desires of Spain (then of Mexico, then of the United States) to “civilize” Indigenous peoples than the Sherman Indian Boarding School, whose original design illustrates the collective delusion of the Spanish Imaginary. Opening its doors in 1903, Sherman intentionally drew its design from mission architecture. The choice makes sense, given that both missions and Sherman were designed to transform Native peoples. Both utilized Native bodies for their labor. Both drew sustenance from Native peoples’ difference, and from their availability as a threatening “Other” requiring physical as well as cultural control. The Sherman Indian Boarding School provides a potent site of analysis of the ways that twentieth-century Americans used architecture to harness a mythical past and then bend it to capitalist goals. Moreover, implicating Mission Revival–style architecture in American processes of mythmaking illustrates how colonizers’ notions of race undergirded their spatial colonial logics, in ways that devalued Native peoples in the past and continue to obscure their physical and cultural persistence today.
The Decline of the Northern California Indian Association
Authors: Miller Larisa K.
Published: August 2022

Thousands of Indians in Northern California were landless, impoverished, and all but forgotten at the turn of the twentieth century. The Northern California Indian Association (NCIA), formed by Christian women in the Santa Clara Valley, sought to improve conditions for these people and spurred the federal government to provide them with land. After fifteen years of success and growth, in the 1910s the NCIA pivoted from supporting direct fieldwork among the Indians to establishing an Indian industrial school near Sacramento. A fire at the school in 1917 caused a devastating setback for the association. Despite having the financial health to survive this loss, the NCIA struggled to carry on. Decreasing membership numbers and an aging leadership indicated critical weaknesses in the organization. World War I and secularization exacerbated these structural problems. The NCIA viewed the emergence of a new organization, the Indian Board of Co-operation, founded by Frederick Collett and Beryl Bishop-Collett, as a significant threat. Frederick Collett accused NCIA members of subverting the fledgling board by maligning the Colletts among government Indian agents, attempting to prevent the board’s participation at the Panama–Pacific International Exposition, and urging the courts to remove a foster child from the Colletts’ care. With few voices advocating for the Indians of Northern California during this period, the NCIA succeeded in influencing government policy and shaping federal Indian policies and programs. The NCIA’s decline allowed a new organization to press for a new round of federal assistance while pushing state and local officials to take greater responsibility for California’s Indigenous peoples.
Evaluation of simulations of near-surface variables using the regional climate model CCLM for the MOSAiC winter period
Authors: Heinemann Günther , Schefczyk Lukas , Willmes Sascha , Shupe Matthew D.
Published: August 2022

The ship-based experiment MOSAiC 2019/2020 was carried out during a full year in the Arctic and yielded an excellent data set to test the parameterizations of ocean/sea-ice/atmosphere interaction processes in regional climate models (RCMs). In the present paper, near-surface data during MOSAiC are used for the verification of the RCM COnsortium for Small-scale MOdel–Climate Limited area Mode (COSMO-CLM or CCLM). CCLM is used in a forecast mode (nested in ERA5) for the whole Arctic with 15 km resolution and is run with different configurations of sea ice data. These include the standard sea ice concentration taken from passive microwave data with around 6 km resolution, sea ice concentration from Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) thermal infrared data and MODIS sea ice lead fraction data for the winter period. CCLM simulations show a good agreement with the measurements. Relatively large negative biases for temperature occur for November and December, which are likely associated with a too large ice thickness used by CCLM. The consideration of sea ice leads in the sub-grid parameterization in CCLM yields improved results for the near-surface temperature. ERA5 data show a large warm bias of about 2.5°C and an underestimation of the temperature variability.
Scenarios for the development of the coal industry with projected changes in the structure of the use of coal products in the country economy
Authors:   Institute of General Energy of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 172 Antonovycha str., Kyiv, 03150, Ukraine, Makarov V.M. , Perov M.O. ,   Institute of General Energy of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 172 Antonovycha str., Kyiv, 03150, Ukraine
Published: August 2022

The article substantiates the forecast of economically feasible volumes of production of finished coal products in Ukraine, as well as its supply by the import to ensure the energy balance of the country while ensuring energy security of the state. To determine the potential of coal production in Ukraine, a mathematical model of optimization of the structure of extractive capacities of the coal industry was used. Taking into account the potential of coal production by state mines of Ukraine, scenarios for the development of the coal industry for the period up to 2040 have been developed, which taken into account the factors of occupation of part of the territory of Donbas and optimal strategies for industry modernization. Using the model of optimal supply of electricity to coal products, taking into account environmental constraints, the forecast calculations of providing the optimal structure of fuel of thermal power companies of Ukraine according to the basic and pessimistic scenarios of the coal industry. As a base of calculations is accepted the forecast of electricity production was developed by NEC Ukrenergo. Calculations have confirmed the possibility of satisfying the needs of thermal power plants with coal products of domestic production until 2040 at the current level of development of the coal industry. Taking into account the forecast of coal consumption in the country's economy and the potential for its production, forecast balances of coal products were developed according to the basic and pessimistic scenarios of Ukraine's coal industry development for a period until 2040. These balances take into account the volume of production of finished coal products in Ukraine, as well as its supply by imports, and it has been defined the export potential of the country. Keywords: coal industry, structure, scenarios, forecast, balance, coal products
Assessment of the greenhouse gases emissions reduction by the coal sector of Ukraine to meet international climate agreements
Authors:   Institute of General Energy of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 172 Antonovycha str., Kyiv, 03150, Ukraine, Leshchenko I.Ch.
Published: August 2022

According to data from the National Greenhouse Gas Inventory, the coal sector is the second largest source of methane emissions in Ukraine after the oil and gas sector, its share in 2019 amounted to 17.8% of total methane emissions in the country. In 2022, Ukraine, as a Party to the Paris Agreement, submitted an updated value of the nationally determined contribution - to reduce greenhouse gas emissions by 2030 to 35% compared to 1990. In addition, it was formally launched the Global Methane Pledge, an initiative to reduce global methane emissions. Ukraine has joined this Pledge and make commitments to reduce methane emissions by 30% from 2020 levels by 2030. To assess the country's ability to meet its commitments to reduce greenhouse gas emissions in general and methane in particular, forecasts of the functioning of the coal sector were developed both in Ukraine and in the temporarily occupied territories on December 1, 2021. In decarbonisation scenario the development of the economic also took into account the commitment made by Ukraine at the 26th Conference of the Parties to stop the construction of new coal-fired power plants and to abandon the use of coal fuel by 2035. The dynamics of mine closure was analyzed according to the scenarios considered, and methane emissions were calculated not only from operating mines, but also from decommissioned mines. The results of the calculations show that achieving the declared reduction of methane emissions by 2030 in the coal sector is possible only if the capture and utilization of this greenhouse gas from the current 10.3% to 37-54% for different scenarios of the sector, which will require additional investment from 10 to 26.9 billion USA dollars depending on the scenario. Keywords: Greenhouses gases, Coal sector, Global Methane Pledge, second Nationally Determined Contribution
Enteral Calcium or Phosphorus Supplementation in Preterm or Low Birth Weight Infants: a Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Kumar Mohan , Chowdhury Ranadip , Sinha Bireshwar , Upadhyay Ravi Prakash , Chandola Temsunaro Rongsen , Mazumder Sarmila , Taneja Sunita , Bhandari Nita , Choudhary Tarun Shankar
Published: August 2022

OBJECTIVES

To assess effects of calcium or phosphorous supplementation compared with no supplementation in human milk-fed preterm or low birth weight infants.

METHODS

Data sources include Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Medline and Embase. We included Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and non-randomized trials (quasi-randomized).

RESULTS

Three studies (4 reports; 162 infants) were included. At latest follow-up (38 weeks), there was reduction in osteopenia (3 studies, 159 participants, relative risk 0.68, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.46–0.99). At latest follow-up (6 weeks), there was no effect on weight (1 study, 40 participants, mean difference [MD] 138.50 g, 95% CI −82.16 to 359.16); length (1 study, 40 participants, MD 0.77 cm, 95% CI −0.93 to 2.47); and head circumference (1 study, 40 participants, MD 0.33 cm, 95% CI −0.30 to 0.96). At latest follow-up, there was no effect on alkaline phosphatase (55 weeks) (2 studies, 122 participants, MD −126.11 IU/L, 95% CI −298.5 to 46.27, I2 = 73.4%); serum calcium (6 weeks) (1 study, 40 participants, MD 0.54 mg/dL, 95% CI −0.19 to 1.27); and serum phosphorus (6 weeks) (1 study, 40 participants, MD 0.07 mg/dL, 95% CI −0.22 to 0.36). The certainty of evidence ranged from very low to low. No studies reported on mortality and neurodevelopment outcomes.

CONCLUSIONS

The evidence is insufficient to determine whether enteral supplementation with calcium or phosphorus for preterm or low birth weight infants who are fed mother's own milk or donor human milk is associated with benefit or harm.
Family Involvement in the Routine Care of Hospitalized Preterm or Low Birth Weight Infants: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: North Krysten , Whelan Rachel , Folger Lian V. , Lawford Harriet , Olson Ingrid , Driker Sophie , Bass Michelle B. , Edmond Karen , Lee Anne C.C.
Published: August 2022

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES

Preterm and low birth weight (LBW) infants are often separated from parents during hospitalization. Our objective was to assess effects of interventions to increase family involvement in the routine newborn care of preterm or LBW infants compared with standard NICU care on infant and parental outcomes.

METHODS

Data sources include Medline, Embase, CINAHL, and World Health Organization Global Index Medicus to August 2021. The study selection included randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of family involvement intervention packages. Data were extracted and pooled with random-effects models.

RESULTS

We included 15 RCTs with 5240 participants. All interventions included direct parental bedside care; packages varied with respect to additional components. Family involvement interventions decreased retinopathy of prematurity (odds ratio 0.52, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.34, 0.80; 8 RCTs), length of hospital stay (mean difference [MD] −2.91 days; 95% CI: −5.15,−0.82; 11 RCTs), and parental stress and anxiety (Parental Stress Scale: MD −0.29 points, 95% CI: −0.56,−0.01, 2 RCTs; Anxiety State-Trait scale: MD −1.79, 95% CI: −3.11,−0.48; 2 RCTs). Family involvement increased weight gain velocity (MD 2.09 g/day; 95% CI: 1.27, 2.91; 3 RCTs), neurobehavioral exam scores (MD: 1.11; 95% CI: 0.21, 2.01; 2 RCTs) and predominant or exclusive breastmilk intake (odds ratio 1.34; 95% CI: 1.01, 1.65; 3 RCTs). It may decrease rates of bronchopulmonary dysplasia, infection, and intraventricular hemorrhage. There were no effects on mortality or necrotizing enterocolitis. Certainty of evidence ranged from low to moderate.

CONCLUSIONS

Family involvement has a beneficial role on several infant and parental outcomes.
Método de algoritmo de clúster para el análisis del perfil de investigadores científicos
Authors: Rodríguez Bárcenas Gustavo
Published: August 2022

El aumento de la producción científica convierte en un desafío la tarea de identificar patrones y rasgos particulares que caractericen a los investigadores. Lograr establecer niveles de compatibilidad y similaridad entre actores en un contexto de investigación científica a partir de sus perfiles requiere de un proceso rápido y apropiado. El objetivo de este artículo es evaluar los niveles de similaridad, distancia euclidiana y compatibilidad entre vectores de investigadores, a partir de algoritmos de agrupamiento, escalamiento multidimensional, principios del modelo espacio-vectorial y atributos de sus perfiles científicos, considerando las terminologías que se abordan en su producción científica. Se utilizaron métodos teóricos y empíricos, incluyendo técnicas y herramientas de minería de texto. La aplicación del procedimiento en el Centro de Estudios de la Energía y Tecnología Avanzada de Cuba (CEETAM) y la Universidad Técnica de Cotopaxi (UTC) en Ecuador, evidenció su efectividad. Como resultado se pudo identificar los profesionales con mayores niveles de coincidencia en áreas a fines y líneas de investigación, lo que propicia el establecimiento de Comunidades Colectivas de Conocimientos; se pudo demostrar que los métodos empleados pueden ser integrados a las TIC, resultando en la obtención de relaciones perceptuales entre los investigadores y expresando los grupos que se forman a partir de conglomerados de observaciones en cada subcategoría y dominios de conocimientos de los dos casos de estudio analizados.
Estudio comparativo de biomonitoreo citogenético en personal veterinario expuesto ocupacionalmente a radiaciones ionizantes mediante el ensayo de micronúcleos con bloqueo de la citocinesis
Authors: Chaves-Campos Fabio Andrés , Vargas Gamboa Alejandra , Ramírez Mayorga Vanessa , Mora Rodríguez Patricia , Abarca Ramírez Melissa , Valle Bourrouet Luisa
Published: August 2022

Introducción: las radiaciones ionizantes (RI) pueden inducir la formación de micronúcleos (MN). La frecuencia de MN se utiliza como biomarcador de daño genético inducido por (RI). Objetivo: evaluar el daño al ADN resultante de la exposición ocupacional a RI en personal de clínicas veterinarias o afines. Metodología: se utilizó el ensayo de micronúcleos con bloqueo de la citocinesis (MNBC) para comparar la frecuencia observada del biomarcador en 40 individuos expuestos ocupacionalmente a RI con respecto a un grupo control de 32 participantes, ambos grupos pertenecen a personal veterinario. Además, se registraron variables demográficas, de estilo de vida y ocupacionales que pudieran influir en la formación de MN. Resultados: el análisis univariado no demostró diferencias significativas en la frecuencia de MN entre los grupos de estudio (p = 0,118). Mediante análisis multivariado se obtuvo que aproximadamente un 27 % (R2 ajustado = 0,269) de la variabilidad de la frecuencia de MN se explica por la influencia conjunta de la edad, el sexo y el número de radiografías realizadas. La edad es la variable de mayor importancia relativa (β = 0,504), seguida del sexo (β = -0,316) y el número de radiografías diarias (β = 0,214). Conclusiones: la frecuencia de MN tiende a aumentar en mujeres, a medida que aumenta la edad del participante y a mayor número de radiografías realizadas.
An empirical analysis of homicides in Mexico through Machine Learning and statistical design of experiments
Authors: Silva Urrutia Jose Eliud , Villalobos Miguel A.
Published: August 2022

Homicide is one of the most important mortality causes that has reduced the Mexican life expectancy. That is why the aim of this work is to identify some sociodemographic and economic factors that can help explain homicides in Mexico and measure their impact, assuming the current conditions prevail. To do that, several Machine Learning (ML) methods were evaluated. The C5.0 model is best suited for the data at hand. After fine-tuning the algorithm, we used the estimated model to identify the main factors that explain homicides. Among these factors, eleven were selected that can be influenced by direct changes in domestic public policy, laws and/or regulations. These were used as input in a two-level fractional factorial Statistical Design of Experiments (DOE) to estimate their main effects and possible interactions. Although several of these factors had statistically significant effects on homicide rate, the one that had the biggest and direct impact from a practical perspective, was the Rule of Law Index (RLI). In fact, if we assumed that all states had the median RLI of 0.37, implementing domestic policies and procedures to move them all to the best RLI level could significantly reduce homicide rates.