bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effects of diabetic retinopathy on longitudinal morphological changes in AMD-associated type 1 macular neovascularization
Authors: Viggiano Pasquale , Landini Luca , Grassi Maria Oliva , Boscia Giacomo , Borrelli Enrico , Sborgia Giancarlo , Alessio Giovanni , Boscia Francesco
Published: September 2023

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of diabetic retinopathy (DR) on longitudinal morphological changes in AMD-associated type 1 macular neovascularization using optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA). We enrolled fifty treatment-naïve eyes with a diagnosis of exudative AMD and type 1 MNV. Twenty of 50 eyes were affected by mild DR. En face OCT angiography were examined for the MNV lesion area (mm2), the MNV flow area (mm2), the central macular thickness (CMT) and the BCVA. The OCTA acquisition was performed at the following visits: (i) before the loading phase (LP) of intravitreal injection of aflibercept (T1), and (ii) 1 month after the last intravitreal injection of loading phase comprising 3 monthly injections (T2). All morpho-functional parameters showed a significantly change at T2 compared to T1 values in both groups. Furthermore, we found a greater MNV area reduction after LP in eyes without DR (P = 0.023). With regard to the remaining parameters, no significant changes were found between two groups (P > 0.05). Our analysis revealed a less MNV area reduction after loading dose of anti-VEGF therapy in eyes affected by diabetic retinopathy.
Allosteric modulation of the fish taste receptor type 1 (T1R) family by the extracellular chloride ion
Authors: Goda Ryusei , Watanabe Soichi , Misaka Takumi
Published: September 2023

Many G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are allosterically modulated by inorganic ions. Although the intraoral ionic composition of the oral cavity varies depending on the living environment and feeding behavior, little is known about whether and how it affects the function of taste receptor type 1 (T1R), a member of the class C GPCR family. Here, we report that chloride ions allosterically modulate the functions of specific fish T1Rs, namely, mfT1R2a/mfT1R3 and zfT1R2a/zfT1R3. Site-directed mutagenesis revealed mfT1R2a K265, which lies in the extracellular domain of mfT1R2a, to be as a critical residue for the modulation of mfT1R2a/mfT1R3 by Cl−. However, this residue is not conserved in zfT1R2a, and the introduction of the key residue at the corresponding site of another T1R, mfT1R2b, did not confer Cl− susceptibility. These results indicate the variability of the determinants of Cl− susceptibility.
Many-body quantum sign structures as non-glassy Ising models
Authors: Westerhout Tom , Katsnelson Mikhail I. , Bagrov Andrey A.
Published: September 2023

The non-trivial phase structure of the eigenstates of many-body quantum systems severely limits the applicability of quantum Monte Carlo, variational, and machine learning methods. Here, we study real-valued signful ground-state wave functions of frustrated quantum spin systems and, assuming that the tasks of finding wave function amplitudes and signs can be separated, show that the signs can be easily bootstrapped from the amplitudes. We map the problem of finding the sign structure to an auxiliary classical Ising model defined on a subset of the Hilbert space basis. We show that the Ising model does not exhibit significant frustrations even for highly frustrated parental quantum systems, and is solvable with a fully deterministic $$O(K\log K)$$
O

(

K
log
K

)

-time combinatorial algorithm (where K is the Ising model size). Given the ground state amplitudes, we reconstruct the signs of the ground states of several frustrated quantum models, thereby revealing the hidden simplicity of many-body sign structures.
Depletion of two-level systems in highly stable glasses with different molecular ordering
Authors: Moratalla Manuel , Rodríguez-López Marta , Rodríguez-Tinoco Cristian , Rodríguez-Viejo Javier , Jiménez-Riobóo Rafael J. , Ramos Miguel A.
Published: September 2023

Recent findings of structural glasses with extremely high kinetic and thermodynamic stability have attracted much attention. The question has been raised as to whether the well-known, low-temperature “glassy anomalies” (attributed to the presence of two-level systems [TLS] and the “boson peak”) persist or not in these ultrastable glasses of much lower configurational entropy. To resolve previous contradictory results, we study a particular type of ultrastable glass, TPD, which can be prepared by physical vapor deposition in a highly-stable state with different degrees of layering and molecular orientation, and also as a conventional glass and in crystalline state. After a thorough characterization of the different samples prepared, we have measured their specific heat down to 0.4 K. Whereas the conventional glass exhibits the typical glassy behaviour and the crystal the expected Debye cubic dependence at very low temperatures, a strong depletion of the TLS contribution is found in both kinds of ultrastable glass, regardless of their layering and molecular ordering.
A redistribution of nitrogen fertiliser across global croplands can help achieve food security within environmental boundaries
Authors: Smerald Andrew , Kraus David , Rahimi Jaber , Fuchs Kathrin , Kiese Ralf , Butterbach-Bahl Klaus , Scheer Clemens
Published: September 2023

A major societal challenge is to produce sufficient food for a growing global population while simultaneously reducing agricultural nitrogen pollution to within safe environmental boundaries. Here we use spatially-resolved, process-based simulations of cereal cropping systems (at 0.5° resolution) to show how redistribution of nitrogen fertiliser usage could meet this challenge on a global scale. Focusing on major cereals (maize, wheat and rice), we find that current production could be (i) maintained with a 32% reduction in total global fertiliser use, or (ii) increased by 15% with current nitrogen fertiliser levels. This would come with substantial reductions in environmental nitrogen losses, allowing cereal production to stay within environmental boundaries for nitrogen pollution. The more equal distribution of nitrogen fertiliser across global croplands would reduce reliance on current breadbasket areas, allow regions such as Sub-Saharan Africa to move towards self-sufficiency and alleviate nitrogen pollution in East Asia and other highly fertilised regions.
No detectable trend in mid-latitude cold extremes during the recent period of Arctic amplification
Authors: Cohen Judah , Agel Laurie , Barlow Mathew , Entekhabi Dara
Published: September 2023

It is widely accepted that Arctic amplification—accelerated Arctic warming—will increasingly moderate cold air outbreaks to the mid-latitudes. Yet, an increasing number of recent studies also argue that Arctic amplification can contribute to more severe winter weather. Here we show that the temperature of cold extremes across the United States east of the Rockies, Northeast Asia and Europe have remained nearly constant over recent decades, in clear contrast to a robust Arctic warming trend. Analysis of trends in the frequency and magnitude of cold extremes is mixed across the US and Asia but with a clearer decreasing trend in occurrence across Europe, especially Southern Europe. This divergence between robust Arctic warming and no detectable trends in mid-latitude cold extremes highlights the need for a better understanding of the physical links between Arctic amplification and mid-latitude cold extremes.
Synthesis and functionalization of the six-vertex anionic amido-substituted silicon cluster [Si6{N(SiMe3)Ph}5]−
Authors: Helmer Joschua , Hepp Alexander , Berger Raphael J. F. , Lips Felicitas
Published: September 2023

Reaction of the amido-substituted silicon cluster Si6{N(SiMe3)Ph}6 1 with two equiv. of KC8 results in the anionic silicon cluster [Si6{N(SiMe3)Ph}5]— 2 that reacts with MeI, SiCl4 and SiBr4 to neutral double functionalized silicon clusters.
A stronger acceptor decreases the rates of charge transfer: ultrafast dynamics and on/off switching of charge separation in organometallic donor–bridge–acceptor systems
Authors: Auty Alexander J. , Scattergood Paul A. , Keane Theo , Cheng Tao , Wu Guanzhi , Carson Heather , Shipp James , Sadler Andrew , Roseveare Thomas , Sazanovich Igor V. , Meijer Anthony J. H. M. , Chekulaev Dimitri , Elliot Paul I. P. , Towrie Mike , Weinstein Julia A.
Published: September 2023

The rate of intersystem crossing increases, whilst the rates of charge separation and recombination decrease in donor–CC–Pt–CC–acceptor systems with a stronger electron acceptor – as revealed by fluorescence upconversion and ultrafast IR methods.
New synthetic red- and orange-emitting luciferases to upgrade in vitro and 3D cell biosensing
Authors: Calabretta Maria Maddalena , Gregucci Denise , Michelini Elisa
Published: September 2023

Two new luciferases, BoLuc and BrLuc, were obtained and characterized in terms of thermal and pH stability and emission properties, and in 3D mammalian cell bioassay for inflammation.
Development of indirect competitive ELISA and CLEIA for quantitative analysis of melatonin in health products
Authors: Wu Longjiang , Isah Bindawa Murtala , Zhang Siran , Dang Mei , Zhang Xiaoying
Published: September 2023

Development of an ic-ELISA and ic-CLEIA for the detection of melatonin (MT) in health products.
Portable smartphone platform based on Ti3C2 MQDs/CDs assembly for ratiometric fluorescence quantitative monitoring of crystal violet
Authors: Bai Yuxuan , Liu Mingwang , He Yu , Song Gongwu
Published: September 2023

A portable smartphone-assisted fluorescent sensing system was facilely fabricated based on a Ti3C2 MQD/CD assembly.
Carbon network-hosted porphyrin as a highly biocompatible nanophotosensitizer for enhanced photodynamic therapy
Authors: Wang Min , Zheng Yanlin , He Huaming , Lv Tong , Xu Xin , Fang Xiao , Lu Chunhua , Yang Huanghao
Published: September 2023

The carbon network-hosted porphyrins modifying the nucleus-targeting peptide (T-CPs) as highly biocompatible nanophotosensitizers avoided the aggregation-induced inactivation and in situ generated 1O2 in the nucleus for enhanced photodynamic therapy.
Kinetics or thermodynamics? Extolling their role to modulate the crystal phases and luminescence of KY3F10:Eu3+ powders
Authors: Serna-Gallén Pablo , Beltrán-Mir Héctor , Cordoncillo Eloísa
Published: September 2023

This study demonstrates the interplay between thermodynamics and kinetics in the transition-phase pathway and the isolation of specific KY3F10 polymorphs.
Electronic nonadiabatic effects in the state-to-state dynamics of the H + H2 → H2 + H exchange reaction with a vibrationally excited reagent
Authors: Sahoo Jayakrushna , Mahapatra S.
Published: September 2023

The effect of electronic nonadiabatic interactions in the state-to-state dynamics of the benchmark H + H2 reaction with vibrationally excited (v = 3, 4, j = 0) reagent.
Hardness and electronic properties of Si–C–N structures
Authors: Chen Shuai , Guo Xiaogang , Li Hefei , Ying Pan , Sun Rongxin , Ma Mengdong , Wu Yingju , Hao Lingjuan , Yu Dongli , He Julong , Gao Yufei , Tian Yongjun
Published: September 2023

Three novel Si–C–N structures with distinctive mechanical and electrical properties.
Polyradical character assessment using multireference calculations and comparison with density-functional derived fractional occupation number weighted density analysis
Authors: Nieman Reed , Carvalho Jhonatas R. , Jayee Bhumika , Hansen Andreas , Aquino Adelia J. A. , Kertesz Miklos , Lischka Hans
Published: September 2023

The biradicaloid character of different types of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) based on small band gaps is an important descriptor to assess their opto-electronic properties.
Enhancing the performance for palladium catalysed tert-butyl hydroperoxide-mediated Wacker-type oxidation of alkenes
Authors: Blair Matthew N. , Murray-Williams Meadhbh , Maguire Calum , Brown Clare L. , Cao Qun , Chai Hongxin , Li Yitong , O'Hagan Róisín L. , Dingwall Paul , Manesiotis Panagiotis , Lyall Catherine L. , Lowe John P. , Hintermair Ulrich , Knipe Peter C. , Muldoon Mark J.
Published: September 2023

This work examines the palladium(ii) catalysed oxidation of terminal alkenes to their corresponding methyl ketones using tert-butyl hydroperoxide (TBHP) as the oxidant.
Maize near-isogenic lines with enhanced flavonoids alleviated dextran sodium sulfate-induced murine colitis via modulation of the gut microbiota
Authors: Wu Binning , Cox Abigail D. , Chang Haotian , Kennett Mary , Rosa Cristina , Chopra Surinder , Li Shiyu , Reddivari Lavanya
Published: September 2023

Anthocyanins and phlobaphenes enriched maize lines restored intestinal barrier function, mucosal integrity and modulated gut microbiota to display a protective effect against DSS-induced colitis.
Effect of processing methods and storage on the bioactive compounds of black rice (Oryza sativa L.): a review
Authors: Obadi Mohammed , Xu Bin
Published: September 2023

Compared to brown and white rice, black rice is rich in bioactive components, including γ-oryzanols, γ-aminobutyric acid, phenolic compounds, and anthocyanins, which makes it highly valuable for development and use.
Recent advances in Zn-MOFs and their derivatives for cancer therapeutic applications
Authors: Li Minmin , Zhang Zhixin , Yu Yamei , Yuan Hui , Nezamzadeh-Ejhieh Alireza , Liu Jianqiang , Pan Ying , Lan Qian
Published: September 2023

The use of zinc-based MOFs in a variety of cancer treatments was comprehensively reviewed. The advantages and disadvantages, as well as the application prospects in the future, are also discussed.
All-day passive radiative cooling using common salts
Authors: Reale Batista Mariana Desireé , Troksa Alyssa L. , Eshelman Hannah V. , Bagge-Hansen Michael , Roehling John D.
Published: September 2023

An infrared transparent foam made from inexpensive salts was developed enabling sub-ambient cooling of underlying surfaces for a full 24 hour cycle. This work showcases how non-convetional materials may be used for passive day-time radiative cooling.
In situ dipole formation to achieve high open-circuit voltage in inverted perovskite solar cells via fluorinated pseudohalide engineering
Authors: Liu Yuan , Tang Chen , Sun Anxin , Zhuang Rongshan , Zheng Yiting , Tian Congcong , Wu Xueyun , Li Zihao , Ouyang Beilin , Du Jiajun , Li Ziyi , Hua Yong , Chen Chun-Chao
Published: September 2023

EMIMTFSI can significantly lower the nonradiative recombination loss in p–i–n perovskite solar cells to achieve a champion power conversion efficiency of 24.81% with an impressive open-circuit voltage of 1.191 V.
A three-dimensional energetic coordination compound (BLG-1) with excellent initiating ability for lead-free primary explosives
Authors: Lei Guorong , Cheng Wenchuan , Lu Zujia , Zhang Tonglai , Li Zhimin , Zhang Jianguo
Published: September 2023

A three-dimensional energetic coordination compound BLG-1 has been synthesized by a facile one-step reaction. This novel compound possesses an excellent initiating ability and comprehensive performances, that result it for a promising lead-free primary explosive.
Oxidation engineering triggered peroxidase-like activity of VOxC for detection of dopamine and glutathione
Authors: Jia Huimin , Liu Quan , Si Jingjing , Chen Yuyang , Zhou Guo , Lan Haihui , He Weiwei
Published: September 2023

Oxidative engineering evolution from V4C3to VOxC drive the crossover between antioxidant and pro-oxidant capability, and trigger the peroxidase-like activity.
How an electrical current can stabilize a molecular nanojunction
Authors: Erpenbeck André , Ke Yaling , Peskin Uri , Thoss Michael
Published: September 2023

Molecular junctions at the brink of their stability typically undergo structural changes that affect their conductance properties. This effect provides a feedback mechanism that can stabilize molecular junctions against current-induced bond-rupture.
Probing charge traps at the 2D semiconductor/dielectric interface
Authors: John John Wellington , Mishra Abhishek , Debbarma Rousan , Verzhbitskiy Ivan , Goh Kuan Eng Johnson
Published: September 2023

The presence of charge traps at the 2D semiconductor/dielectric interface poses a significant obstacle for device optimisation. Hence, methods to accurately measure and assess these interface traps are in demand.
Nanoclusters with specific DNA overhangs: modifying configurability, engineering contrary logic pairs and the parity generator/checker for error detection
Authors: Mattath Mohamed Nabeel , Zhang Haibin , Ghosh Debasis , Govindaraju Thimmaiah , Shi Shuo
Published: September 2023

A series of logic operations with contrary functions was designed, besides the use of XOR in a pG and a pC at the start and end of binary transmission, to detect errors in biocomputing and an improvement in the DNA platform for intelligent DNA computing devices was achieved.
(Aminoalkyl)diphenylphosphine sulfides: synthesis and application as building blocks in the design of multidentate ligands for cytotoxic Pd(ii) complexes
Authors: Konovalov Aleksandr V. , Churusova Svetlana G. , Aleksanyan Diana V. , Rybalkina Ekaterina Yu. , Aksenova Svetlana A. , Peregudov Alexander S. , Klemenkova Zinaida S. , Kozlov Vladimir A.
Published: September 2023

The facile approaches to α-(aminoalkyl)diphenylphosphine sulfides are devised based on simple transformations of readily available precursors. The compounds obtained are used as building blocks for the production of cytotoxic Pd(ii) complexes.
Lewis acid modulation in phosphorus phenol nickel catalyzed ethylene polymerization and copolymerization
Authors: Wang Wenbing , Nie Nan , Xu Menghe , Zou Chen
Published: September 2023

A series of phosphorus phenol nickel catalysts containing N atoms were designed and synthesized, which can be coordinated with a metal salt Lewis acid to improve the steric hindrance of the catalyst and enhance the performance of the catalyst.
Guanosine-assisted synthesis of a core–shell Mo2N/Mo2C/C structure for enhanced hydrogen evolution reaction
Authors: Xia Miao , Li Shuchun , Zhang Xuefei , Xie Zailai
Published: September 2023

We present a novel approach utilizing guanosine as a precursor for synthesizing core–shell Mo-based nanostructures for enhanced hydrogen evolution reaction.
Novel “on–off” fluorescence sensing for rapid and accurate determination of Cr3+ based on g-CNQDs
Authors: Xu Xiaohua , Li Huye , Sun Yapeng , Ma Tianfeng , Shi Lin , Mu Wencheng , Wang Huan , Lu Yongchang
Published: September 2023

An “on–off” fluorescence sensing system was constructed with g-CNQDs@p-acetaminophenol for detection of Cr3+. g-CNQDs were synthesized, and the fluorescence signal was enhanced based on the effect between APAP and g-CNQDs. The introduction of Cr3+ into the system results in fluorescence quenching.
Novel uncharged triazole salicylaldoxime derivatives as potential acetylcholinesterase reactivators: comprehensive computational study, synthesis and in vitro evaluation
Authors: Baghersad Mohammad Hadi , Habibi Azizollah , Dehdashti nejad Arash
Published: September 2023

We design and synthesis new aldoximes without charge and test their reactivation, structure, and action of paraoxon-blocked acetylcholinesterase using calculations and experiments.
Fast and scalable solvent-free access to Lappert's heavier tetrylenes E{N(SiMe3)2}2 (E = Ge, Sn, Pb) and ECl{N(SiMe3)2} (E = Ge, Sn)
Authors: Cabeza Javier A. , Reynes Javier F. , García Felipe , García-Álvarez Pablo , García-Soriano Rubén
Published: September 2023

Lappert's heavier tetrylenes E{N(SiMe3)2}2 (E = Ge, Sn, Pb) have been efficiently prepared from GeCl2·(1,4-dioxane), SnCl2 or PbCl2 and Li{N(SiMe3)2} via a completely solvent-free one-pot mechanochemical route followed by sublimation.
Calculation-assisted regioselective functionalization of the imidazo[1,2-a]pyrazine scaffold via zinc and magnesium organometallic intermediates
Authors: Kastrati Agonist , Kremsmair Alexander , Sunagatullina Alisa S. , Korotenko Vasilii , Guersoy Yusuf C. , Rout Saroj K. , Lima Fabio , Brocklehurst Cara E. , Karaghiosoff Konstantin , Zipse Hendrik , Knochel Paul
Published: September 2023

Theoretical calculations, such as pKa-determinations, enabled the design of methods for the selective functionalization of the underexplored 6-chloroimidazo[1,2-a]pyrazine using readily available TMP-bases and organometallic reagents.
General acid-mediated aminolactone formation using unactivated alkenes
Authors: Just David , Gonçalves Carlos R. , Vezonik Uroš , Kaiser Daniel , Maulide Nuno
Published: September 2023

A transformation that delivers amino-butyrolactones from unactivated alkenes, characterized by its simplicity, ready availability of reagents and broad functional group tolerance, is reported.
Effective medium theory for mechanical phase transitions of fiber networks
Authors: Chen Sihan , Markovich Tomer , MacKintosh Fred C.
Published: September 2023

Networks of stiff fibers govern the elasticity of biological structures such as the extracellular matrix of collagen.
Recent progress in metal halide perovskite-based photocatalysts: physicochemical properties, synthetic strategies, and solar-driven applications
Authors: Feng Yanmei , Chen Daimei , Niu Min , Zhong Yi , Ding Hao , Hu Yingmo , Wu Xiangfeng , Yuan Zhongyong
Published: September 2023

Metal halide perovskite (MHP) materials have garnered significant interest in the realm of energy conversion and storage amid the push for carbon-neutral energy solutions due to the tunable band gap, high light collection efficiency, high photogenerated carrier mobility, and high defect tolerance.
Emerging two-dimensional materials for the electrocatalytic nitrogen reduction reaction to yield ammonia
Authors: Ruan Yukun , He Zhen-Hong , Liu Zhao-Tie , Wang Weitao , Hao Leiduan , Xu Liang , Robertson Alex W. , Sun Zhenyu
Published: September 2023

We summarize the important progress in the electroreduction of N2 to NH3 using state-of-the-art two-dimensional (2D) electrocatalysts. Emerging 2D materials that could potentially serve as viable NRR electrocatalysts are presented.
Introduction to microneedles
Authors: Donnelly Ryan , Caffarel-Salvador Ester , Gill Harvinder , Jung Hyungil
Published: September 2023

The Guest Editors for this Journal of Materials Chemistry B and Biomaterials Science cross-journal themed collection on microneedles introduce the collection and discuss some of the featured work.
Spintronic interactions between topological edge states in chiral carbon nanotubes: a natural helical symmetry approach
Authors: Hsiao Jung-Yin , Liu Chi-You , Li Elise Y.
Published: September 2023

Single-wall carbon nanotubes (CNTs) possess topological edge states depending on the chiral indices and edge geometries.
Biochemical Society support in action: experiences from our community
Authors: Ollett Lucy
Published: September 2023

Throughout the year, the Biochemical Society offers a programme of grants for all career stages supporting research, attendance at scientific conferences and the sponsorship of events. So far in 2023, we have awarded over £262,000 towards international conference participation, summer laboratory placements and the organization of independent lectures and diversity-related projects. In this article, we are delighted to share a few insights from our community that highlight the variety of projects and opportunities made possible by our funding. For more information about our funding opportunities and the application process, please visit our website.
Current working models of SMC-driven DNA-loop extrusion
Authors: Moon Kyoung-Wook , Ryu Je-Kyung
Published: September 2023

Structural maintenance of chromosome (SMC) proteins play a key roles in the chromosome organization by condensing two meters of DNA into cell-sized structures considered as the SMC protein extrudes DNA loop. Recent sequencing-based high-throughput chromosome conformation capture technique (Hi-C) and single-molecule experiments have provided direct evidence of DNA-loop extrusion. However, the molecular mechanism by which SMCs extrude a DNA loop is still under debate. Here, we review DNA-loop extrusion studies with single-molecule assays and introduce recent structural studies of how the ATP-hydrolysis cycle is coupled to the conformational changes of SMCs for DNA-loop extrusion. In addition, we explain the conservation of the DNA-binding sites that are vital for dynamic DNA-loop extrusion by comparing Cryo-EM structures of SMC complexes. Based on this information, we compare and discuss four compelling working models that explain how the SMC complex extrudes a DNA loop.
Generating characteristics and experimentation of counter rotating dual rotor wound field flux switching wind generator
Authors: Ullah Wasiq , Khan Faisal , Akuru Udochukwu Bola
Published: September 2023

In this paper, counter rotating dual rotor wound field flux switching wind power generator is revisited to study the generating characteristics of the AC output power curves based on finite element analysis (FEA) and experimental study. Analysis are performed under dynamic conditions, such as variable resistance, field excitation and speed. Also, electromagnetic performance is studied under variation of the field and armature currents. Analysis reveals that outer port machines with higher power capability and better electromagnetic performance compared to the inner port counterparts, although with higher fluctuations exhibited on the torque profiles of the former due to higher slotting effects. From the power generation characteristics curves, it is clear that the developed wind generator is able to produce reliable performance over a wide operating range. The accuracy of the FEA predicted results are validated, experimentally.

The cover image is based on the Research Article Generating characteristics and experimentation of counter rotating dual rotor wound field flux switching wind generator by Wasiq Ullah et al., https://doi.org/10.1049/elp2.12374.
Primary frequency regulation for multi‐infeed HVDC system using model predictive control and local estimation
Authors: Tian Guoliang , Du Zhengchun , Li Yujun
Published: September 2023

This paper proposes a novel primary frequency regulation (PFR) scheme for multi‐infeed high voltage direct current (HVDC) (MIDC) system. First, a dynamic model for frequency response in the MIDC system is carried out to involve line‐commutated‐coveter (LCC)‐HVDCs in frequency regulation. Then, a disturbance observer (DO) is proposed to estimate both the power imbalance and the full order states of the system. By combining a Kalman filter, this DO gets an accurate estimation quickly with local frequency measurement. On the basis of the estimated disturbance and state variables, feedforward control schemes can be concluded to fully utilize the fast adjustability of LCC‐HVDCs. In this paper, a model predictive control based scheme is designed to coordinate LCC‐HVDCs under constraints of HVDC capacity and frequency boundaries. As a result, the optimal power‐sharing property of LCC‐HVDCs is achieved to enhance the PFR dynamic performance of the AC main system. Further, the stability of the proposed method is analysed using the Lyapunov method. Finally, numerical simulations are concluded to verify the effectiveness and the merits of the proposed method, by comparing it to typical droop controls.
COSMOGLOBE DR1 results
Authors: Watts D. J. , Basyrov A. , Eskilt J. R. , Galloway M. , Gjerløw E. , Hergt L. T. , Herman D. , Ihle H. T. , Paradiso S. , Rahman F. , Thommesen H. , Aurlien R. , Bersanelli M. , Bianchi L. A. , Brilenkov M. , Colombo L. P. L. , Eriksen H. K. , Franceschet C. , Fuskeland U. , Hensley B. , Hoerning G. A. , Lee K. , Lunde J. G. S. , Marins A. , Nerval S. K. , Patel S. K. , Regnier M. , San M. , Sanyal S. , Stutzer N.-O. , Verma A. , Wehus I. K. , Zhou Y.
Published: September 2023

We present COSMOGLOBEData Release 1, which implements the first joint analysis of WMAP andPlanckLFI time-ordered data, processed within a single Bayesian end-to-end framework. This framework directly builds on a similar analysis of the LFI measurements by the BEYONDPLANCKcollaboration, and approaches the cosmic microwave background (CMB) analysis challenge through Gibbs sampling of a global posterior distribution, simultaneously accounting for calibration, mapmaking, and component separation. The computational cost of producing one complete WMAP+LFI Gibbs sample is 812 CPU-h, of which 603 CPU-h are spent on WMAP low-level processing; this demonstrates that end-to-end Bayesian analysis of the WMAP data is computationally feasible. We find that our WMAP posterior mean temperature sky maps and CMB temperature power spectrum are largely consistent with the official WMAP9 results. Perhaps the most notable difference is that our CMB dipole amplitude is 3366.2 ± 1.4 μK, which is 11 μK higher than the WMAP9 estimate and 2.5σhigher than BEYONDPLANCK; however, it is in perfect agreement with the HFI-dominatedPlanckPR4 result. In contrast, our WMAP polarization maps differ more notably from the WMAP9 results, and in general exhibit significantly lower large-scale residuals. We attribute this to a better constrained gain and transmission imbalance model. It is particularly noteworthy that theW-band polarization sky map, which was excluded from the official WMAP cosmological analysis, for the first time appears visually consistent with theV-band sky map. Similarly, the long standing discrepancy between the WMAPK-band and LFI 30 GHz maps is finally resolved, and the difference between the two maps appears consistent with instrumental noise at high Galactic latitudes. Relatedly, these updated maps allowed us for the first time to combine WMAP and LFI polarization data into a single coherent model of large-scale polarized synchrotron emission. Still, we identified a few issues that require additional work, including (1) low-level noise modeling; (2) large-scale temperature residuals at the 1–2 μK level; and (3) a strong degeneracy between the absoluteK-band calibration and the dipole of the anomalous microwave emission component. We conclude that leveraging the complementary strengths of WMAP and LFI has allowed the mitigation of both experiments’ weaknesses, and resulted in new state-of-the-art WMAP sky maps. All maps and the associated code are made publicly available through the COSMOGLOBEweb page.
High-resolution APEX/LAsMA 12CO and 13CO (3–2) observation of the G333 giant molecular cloud complex
Authors: Zhou J. W. , Wyrowski F. , Neupane S. , Barlach Christensen I. , Menten K. M. , Li S. H. , Liu T.
Published: September 2023

Context. Feedback from young massive stars has an important impact on the star formation potential of their parental molecular clouds.

Aims. We investigate the physical properties of gas structures under feedback in the G333 complex using data of the 13CO J = 3–2 line observed with the LAsMA heterodyne camera on the APEX telescope.

Methods. We used the Dendrogram algorithm to identify molecular gas structures based on the integrated intensity map of the 13CO (3–2) emission, and extracted the average spectra of all structures to investigate their velocity components and gas kinematics.

Results. We derive the column density ratios between different transitions of the 13CO emission pixel by pixel, and find the peak values N2−1/N1−0 ≈ 0.5, N3−2/N1−0 ≈ 0.3, and N3−2/N2−1 ≈ 0.5. These ratios can also be roughly predicted by the nonlocal thermodynamic equilibrium (NLTE) molecular radiative transfer code RADEX for an average H2 volume density of ~4.2 × 103 cm−3. A classical virial analysis does not reflect the true physical state of the identified structures, and we find that external pressure from the ambient cloud plays an important role in confining the observed gas structures. For high-column-density structures, velocity dispersion and density show a clear correlation that is not seen for low-column-density structures, indicating the contribution of gravitational collapse to the velocity dispersion. Branch structures show a more significant correlation between 8 μm surface brightness and velocity dispersion than leaf structures, implying that feedback has a greater impact on large-scale structures. For both leaf and branch structures, σ − N * R always has a stronger correlation compared to σ − N and σ − R. The scaling relations are stronger, and have steeper slopes when considering only self-gravitating structures, which are the structures most closely associated with the Heyer relation.

Conclusions. Although the feedback disrupting the molecular clouds will break up the original cloud complex, the substructures of the original complex can be reorganized into new gravitationally governed configurations around new gravitational centers. This process is accompanied by structural destruction and generation, and changes in gravitational centers, but gravitational collapse is always ongoing.
Ultrasound Diagnosis of Malformations of the Fetal Kidneys and Urinary System
Authors: Heling Kai-Sven , Chaoui Rabih
Published: September 2023

Malformations of the fetal kidneys and urinary system are common and easily visualized and diagnosed on ultrasound. This article presents the typical sonographic findings of these abnormalities during the various stages of pregnancy. Because malformations of the urogenital tract often have an association with genetic diseases/ciliopathies, these are also discussed. To complete the article, we provide a brief overview of the normal anatomy of the kidneys and urinary system. The normal anatomy and malformations of the genitalia will not be discussed in this article due to their complexity.
Comparison of Venous Thromboembolism Outcomes after COVID-19 and Influenza Vaccinations
Authors: Gaddh Manila , Scott David , Wysokinski Waldemar E. , McBane Robert D. , Casanegra Ana I. , Baumann Kreuziger Lisa , Houghton Damon E.
Published: September 2023

Background Published data on the risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE) with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccines are scarce and inconclusive, leading to an unmet need for further studies.

Methods A retrospective, multicentered study of adult patients vaccinated for one of the three approved COVID-19 vaccines in the United States of America and a pre-COVID-19 cohort of patients vaccinated for influenza at two institutions: Mayo Clinic Enterprise sites and the Medical College of Wisconsin, looking at rate of VTE over 90 days. VTE was identified by applying validated natural language processing algorithms to relevant imaging studies. Kaplan–Meier curves were used to evaluate rate of VTE and Cox proportional hazard models for incident VTE after vaccinations. Sensitivity analyses were performed for age, sex, outpatient versus inpatient status, and type of COVID-19 vaccine.

Results A total of 911,381 study subjects received COVID-19 vaccine (mean age: 56.8 [standard deviation, SD: 18.3] years, 55.3% females) and 442,612 received influenza vaccine (mean age: 56.5 [SD: 18.3] years, 58.7% females). VTE occurred within 90 days in 1,498 (0.11%) of the total 1,353,993 vaccinations: 882 (0.10%) in the COVID-19 and 616 (0.14%) in the influenza vaccination cohort. After adjusting for confounding variables, there was no difference in VTE event rate after COVID-19 vaccination compared with influenza vaccination (adjusted hazard ratio: 0.95 [95% confidence interval: 0.85–1.05]). No significant difference in VTE rates was observed between the two cohorts on sensitivity analyses.

Conclusion In this large cohort of COVID-19-vaccinated patients, risk of VTE at 90 days was low and no different than a pre-COVID-19 cohort of influenza-vaccinated patients.
Alternative Synthesis of α-l-Threofuranosyl Guanosine 3′-triphosphate
Authors: Sarma Daisy , Majumdar Biju , Chaput John C.
Published: September 2023

Artificial genetic polymers (XNAs) have attracted considerable attention due to their unique physicochemical properties that include enhanced chemical and biological stability. Unfortunately, some of the most interesting XNAs are constructed from monomers that are not readily available and must be prepared by chemical synthesis. The need to generate building-block materials for these systems warrants careful optimization, as syntheses of XNA monomers can easily exceed ten chemical steps. Here, we evaluate the synthesis of α-l-threofuranosyl guanosine 3′-triphosphate (tGTP), a key substrate in the enzymatic synthesis of α-l-threofuranosyl nucleic acids. Previously, tGTP was prepared by a Vorbrüggen glycosylation reaction from N-acetyl-O-(diphenylcarbamoyl)guanine and a suitably protected threose sugar. However, the preparation of the protected nucleobase was a laborious process that merited further evaluation. We now describe an alternative approach that is easier to perform and does not compromise the overall yield or regioselectivity.
Advanced Biliary Interventions: Gastrointestinal or Interventional Radiology Approach
Authors: Naranjo Miguel , Ferral Hector , Chavez Roberto
Published: September 2023

The management of biliary pathology can be surgical, endoscopic, or percutaneous. Percutaneous interventions play an important role in the management of patients. Biliary drainage is the initial step in most radiological interventions, including percutaneous transhepatic cholangioscopy. It can be palliative or curative. We present here the different techniques available from interventional radiology. The purpose of this review article is to investigate the latest published evidence on percutaneous minimally invasive approach of biliary disease and outline current trends.
Efficacy of Continuous Saline Irrigation Therapy for Descending Necrotizing Mediastinitis
Authors: Ohashi Takuya , Kawago Mitsumasa , Hirai Yoshimitsu , Yata Yumi , Fusamoto Aya , Iguchi Hideto , Nakaya Takahito , Kiyoi Megumi , Miyasaka Miwako , Kawaji Mari , Fujiwara Yuki , Nishimura Yoshiharu
Published: September 2023

Objectives Descending necrotizing mediastinitis (DNM) is a poor prognosis disease. This study aims to examine the patient background and treatment of DNM and to identify more effective treatments for DNM.

Methods The patient background and treatment of 11 patients who underwent surgery for DNM between November 2010 and June 2021 were studied. The patients were divided into six patients who underwent continuous saline irrigation (group I) and five patients who did not (group N). The differences in the drainage duration and length of hospital stay between the two groups were retrospectively investigated.

Results Eleven patients were treated for DNM: six male and five female, with a median age of 61 years (35–79). Comorbidities included diabetes mellitus in three cases; one patient was administered steroids. The pathways of occurrence were anterior tracheal gap/vascular visceral gap/posterior visceral gap in group I (2/1/2) and group N (0/2/4). Progression was I/IIA/IIB according to Endo's classification in group I (1/1/4) and group N (3/1/1). The mean duration of irrigation was 9.0 ± 3.7 days, and the drainage duration in group I was 17.5 ± 8.2 days, which was significantly shorter than 31 ± 13.6 days in group N (p < 0.048). The hospital stays in group I was 29.3 ± 8.4 days, which was significantly shorter than that in group N (68 ± 27.1 days; p < 0.015).

Conclusions Irrigation therapy significantly shortened the drainage duration and hospital stay. Irrigation is a useful treatment for DNM.
Mapping sharing economy themes: science mapping, topic modeling, and research agenda
Authors: ElKattan Ahmed Gamal , Gavilan Diana , Elsharnouby Mohamed Hamed , Mahran Amira Fouad Ahmed
Published: September 2023

Digital and sharing platforms are transforming the business landscape and significantly impacting the global economy. This study provides a systematic review of the sharing economy (SE) in marketing and presents a future research agenda to advance the discipline. A comprehensive approach is utilized, incorporating bibliometric analysis, performance analysis, science mapping techniques, and topic modeling to analyze sharing economy research within marketing. The dataset comprises 325 articles on the sharing economy, from which eight key topics are identified: (1) analyzing customer ratings and sentiments, (2) understanding and evaluating customer experience, (3) customer orientation towards peer-to-peer accommodation services, (4) mapping customer relationships in the sharing economy, (5) analysis of user loyalty, (6) development of marketing strategies to enhance platforms, (7) identification of platform openness, and (8) actors within the digital platform ecosystem. By identifying research gaps, a future research model is proposed to comprehend the roles and influence of customers, peer service providers, and platform providers in the sharing economy. The findings of this study have practical implications for marketing practices within the SE.
Processing Chinese formulaic sequences in sentence context: a comparative study of native and non-native speakers
Authors: Chen Ken , Gu Lei , Bai Qiaoyan
Published: September 2023

This study investigates the hypothesis of holistic processing of Chinese formulaic sequences within sentence contexts, examining the performance of both native and non-native speakers. A self-paced masking experiment was conducted to collect response times and gather quantitative sentence context data for subsequent statistical analysis. The findings reveal that both native and non-native participants exhibited shorter response times for formulaic sequences compared to non-formulaic sequences. However, contextual effects were found to only impact the processing of formulaic sequences among non-native learners. The study concludes by emphasizing the importance of contextual effects in L2 teaching and highlighting the theoretical and pedagogical implications of the research on formulaic sequences in L2 usage.
SPH numerical simulation of peak pressure in near-field underwater explosion with moving boundary method using virtual particles
Authors: Gong Xiangfei , Wang Yanjin , Zhang Shudao , Yang Jiming
Published: September 2023

A new moving boundary method using virtual particles in smoothed particle hydrodynamics is designed and applied to numerical simulation of underwater explosion. The wave structure in underwater explosion was semi-analyzed, which provides references for the understanding of numerical results in various dimensions. The results show that the boundary point between the near-field and middle-field, with the specific distance R/a = 6, is a demarcation point in the wave structure. Piecewise power fitting computational results in the near-field underwater explosion are in good agreement with the numerical results.
A magnetic head-based eddy current displacement sensing method
Authors: Chen Yiming , Li Erlong , Guo Weixiao , Yuan Zilan , Huang Jie
Published: September 2023

Eddy current displacement sensors are popular for sensing changes in displacement in industrial fields with many advantages. The eddy current induced by a conventional coil is distributed over a large range and the energy is not concentrated. The size of the minimum measured surface is 1.5 to 3 times the diameter of the coil. A magnetic head-based eddy current displacement sensor is proposed in this paper. Theoretical analysis confirms that the coil generates a highly concentrated magnetic field at the magnetic core gap. The simulations based on the finite element method are performed. The simulation results demonstrate that the proposed method can induce the eddy current field which has a small distribution range and high degree of concentration of energy on the surface of the specimen. Finally, experiments are conducted for different sized ring-shaped surfaces. The high similarity between the experimental results indicates that the magnetic head-based eddy current displacement sensor can induce a highly focused eddy current field with a distribution range of 3 mm. The sensitivity of the sensor is 5 V mm−1 and the spatial resolution of the sensor is 3 mm.
The study of structural, magnetic, and microwave absorbing properties of graphene/hexagonal ferrite for microwave absorber
Authors: Sultan Faisal , Murtaza G , Nazir Ghazanfar , Aloufi Nuriyah Mohammed , Zelai Taharh , Kattan Nessrin A , Alshahrani Thamraa , Mahmood Q
Published: September 2023

This work reports the synthesis and characterization of Y-type Hexaferrite (Ba2Co2Fe12O22) and its composites with 20, 30, 40, and 50 wt% rGO. Ferrites were fabricated using the hydrothermal method and then sintered for 6 h at 1000 °C. The formation of Y-type hexaferrite (Ba2Co2Fe12O22) and Ferrites/rGO composites was confirmed using x-ray diffraction. Ferrite/rGO composites exhibited no diffraction peaks due to rGO, which may be due to staking disorders and uniformly dispersed graphene sheets. Scanning electron microscopy showed that graphene nanolayers are well-decorated with Y-type hexaferrite nanoparticles. FTIR spectra measured for Ba2Co2Fe12O22, rGO, and Ba2Co2Fe12O22/rGO nanocomposites revealed the presence of relevant functional chemical bonds. The dielectric properties studied between 1MHz-3GHz frequency range showed that composites of Ba2Co2Fe12O22/rGO perform better than pure ferrite. Diffuse reflectance spectroscopy was applied to determine the band gap, and rGO/Ferrites composites exhibited a band gap in the range of 4.4–4.6 eV. Vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) measurements showed saturation magnetization of 26.2 emu g−1 in pure hexaferrite, which significantly lowered with rGO content in the composites. From enhanced absorption and reflection parameters of dielectric properties and magnetic loss that originate from the synergetic effect of rGO and Y-type hexaferrite (Ba2Co2Fe12O22), this study suggests lightweight, flexible, and efficient EMI shielding composites.
Unravelling the intricacies of selenization in sequentially evaporated Cu(In,Ga)Se2 Thin film solar cells on flexible substrates
Authors: Regmi G , Rijal Sangita , Velumani S
Published: September 2023

This study aimed to fabricate copper indium gallium diselenide (CIGSe) thin films using a novel two-step approach. Firstly, we deposited metallic precursors (Cu/In/Ga) onto a Mo-coated stainless steel substrate using thermal evaporation at unintentional substrate temperature. Subsequently, selenization was carried out in a furnace under the presence of an inert gas. The quality of the CIGSe thin films was analyzed to explore the influence of selenization temperature (450 °C–550 °C) and duration (30 and 60 min), while maintaining an inert atmosphere inside the selenization furnace. The structural analysis revealed the progressive development of additional phases over time, resulting in the formation of a complete chalcopyrite CIGSe structure with the preferred reflection on the (112) plane. The absorber layer exhibited a thickness of 2 μm, with atomic ratios of 0.83 for Cu/(In+Ga) and 0.24 for Ga/(In+Ga) in the film selenized at 550 °C. P-type conductivity was observed in the CIGSe thin film, with a carrier concentration of up to 1017 cm−3, and it displayed a well-defined and uniform morphology characterized by a large grain size of approximately 0.9 μm. Utilizing the optimized conditions, we successfully fabricated solar cells on a flexible substrate, achieving a photoconversion efficiency of up to 9.91%. This research delves into the impact of selenization parameters on the growth of CIGSe absorber layers and introduces a new approach that could significantly influence the feasibility and industrialization of flexible solar cells.