bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Characteristics of CVD Grown Diamond Films on Langasite Substrates
Authors: Mallik Awadesh Kumar , Roy Snigdha , Balla Vamsi Krishna , Bysakh Sandip , Bhar Radhaballabh
Published: January 2020

Surface acoustic wave (SAW) devices consist of a piezoelectric substrate with interdigitated (IDT) electrodes. These devices can be used to fabricate wireless and passive sensors that can be mounted in remote and/or inaccessible places. If encapsulated with CVD diamond, the SAW devices can be made to operate under extremely hostile conditions. The piezoelectric layer (AlN, ZnO etc.) deposited on the diamond or an inverse system can increase the frequency of the SAW device. Most piezoelectric materials (such as quartz) show phase transition temperatures below diamond deposition temperature (650o-1100ºC), preventing their use as a substrate for diamond growth. Langasite La3Ga5SiO14 (LGS) is recently fabricated piezoelectric material that can withstand high temperatures without being deteriorated. LGS does not have phase transitions up to its melting point of 1470 °C.
Here we report the deposition of diamond films by microwave plasma CVD in methane-hydrogen gas mixtures on polished and rough surfaces of the LGS substrates seeded with nanodiamonds. No buffer layer between the substrate and the coating had been used. The effect of substrate pretreatment (PT) was also investigated on the growth behaviour of diamond films on LGS. The resulting films are characterised by Raman spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The effect of substrate roughness on the growth behaviour was found to favour bigger grain sizes on the unpolished substrates. Whereas, the effect of substrate pretreatment (PT) was found to produce unique microstructural features with better polycrystalline diamond (PCD) quality than on the substrates without PT. Raman signals confirm the deposition of PCD in all the cases but the X-ray results interestingly show new phase formation of hcp and rhombohedral diamond lattice structures under CVD growth environment.
Estudis sobre pragmàtica de la literatura medieval
Authors: González Déborah
Published: January 2020

Reseña a: Gemma Avenoza, Mertixell Simó, M. Lourdes Soriano Robles (eds.): Estudis sobre pragmàtica de la literatura medieval / Estudios sobre pragmática de la literatura medieval. València: Universitat de València, 2017.
Schubert, Juan Benet y la musica de la resignación
Authors: Lascaux Sandrine
Published: January 2020

La literatura de Juan Benet intenta superar la razon mediante las  artes y en  particular gracias a su relacion  con la musica. Siguiendo los  pasos de Schopenhauer  o de Nietzsche ue consideran  la musica como unico arte susceptible de convocar  el  afecto  puro sin ningun tipo de mediacion intelectual  , Benet  busca los limites del lenguaje con operaciones  constantes de modulacion  frasticas para alcanzar una musica intima  .En este sentido , el ensayo Puerta de Tierra permitiria entender la estrecha relacion ue   une la musica benetiana con la musica de la resignacion  compuesta por Schubert en las ultimas obras.

The literature of Juan Benet attempts to transport the reader beyond the bounds of reason by means of the arts, and most especially in the relation that binds it to music. Following Schopenhauer and Nietzsche who considered music to be the only art capable of transmitting pure affect without any intellectual mediation, Benet seeks the limits of language and effects persistent sentence modulations with a view to accessing the music of the soul. In this respect, his essay Door of the Earth elucidates the close affiliation between his work and the “music of resignation” which defines Schubert’s later work.
Les récits de voyage épistolaires en Arabie au XVIIIe siècle
Authors: Al-Hajebi Abdulghani
Published: January 2020

Narratives of travel to Arabia in the eighteenth century are often stories written during the journey. These letters form after the return of the traveler the matter of a story published by the traveler himself or by a publisher. The letter that constitutes the travel narrative is usually of particular value: it gives the story a more real character. Based on an analysis of four epistolary travel relationships, this article's main objectives are to prove the presence of letters in travelogues in Arabia, to demonstrate the functions and characteristics of these letters, the originality and specificity of each epistolary narrative. Our study focuses on the letter as a narrative, and not as a mere ornament or circumstantial element related to the course of the action.

Les récits de voyage en Arabie au XVIIIesiècle sont souvent des récits par lettres écrites pendant le voyage. Ces lettres forment après le retour du voyageur la matière d’un récit publié par le voyageur lui-même ou par un éditeur. La lettre qui constitue le récit de voyage possède en général une valeur particulière : elle donne au récit un caractère plus réel. Basé sur une analyse de quatre relations de voyage épistolaires, cet article a pour principaux objectifs de prouver la présence des lettres dans les récits de voyage en Arabie, de démontrer les fonctions et les caractéristiques de ces lettres, l’originalité et la spécificité de chaque récit épistolaire. Notre étude se focalise sur la lettre en tant que récit, et non comme simple ornement ou élément circonstanciel lié au déroulement de l’action.
No es lo mismo: un análisis de red de texto sobre definiciones de pensamiento computacional para estudiar su relación con la programación informática
Authors: Moreno Jesús , Robles Gregorio , Román Marcos , Rodríguez Juan David
Published: January 2020

A pesar de que países de todo el mundo están modificando su plan de estudios nacional para incluir habilidades de pensamiento computacional, no hay un acuerdo en la definición de esta capacidad. Esto se debe en parte a la gran cantidad de definiciones propuestas por la comunidad académica. De hecho, hay múltiples ejemplos en escenarios educativos en los que la programación e incluso la robótica se consideran sinónimos del pensamiento computacional. Este artículo presenta un análisis de la red de texto de las principales definiciones de esta habilidad que se han encontrado en la literatura, con el objetivo de ofrecer información sobre las características comunes que comparten y sobre su relación con la programación informática. Como resultado, se propone una nueva definición de pensamiento computacional que emerge de los datos analizados.

Even though countries from all over the world are modifying their national educational curriculum in order to include computational thinking skills, there is not an agreement in the definition of this ability. This is partly caused by the myriad of definitions that has been proposed by the scholar community. In fact,  there are multiple examples in educational scenarios in which coding and even robotics are considered as synonymous of computational thinking. This paper presents a text network analysis of the main definitions of this skill that have been found in the literature, aiming to offer insights on the common characteristics they share and on their relationship with computer programming. As a result, a new definition of computational thinking is proposed, which emerge from the analyzed data.
La reconstrucción virtual del poblado de Bovalar
Authors: Rodríguez René
Published: January 2020

El año 313 d. C. es una etapa decisiva en la historia del cristianismo y de la civilización occidental. En este período, el emperador Constatino (272 d. C. – 337 d.C.) firma el edicto de Milán mediante el cual permite el libre culto a los cristianos. A partir de aquí, esta religión pasa de ser perseguida y minoritaria a convertirse en la religión oficial del imperio romano.

Xavier Folch quiere que grabe esta fecha para que pueda entender mejor la reconstrucción virtual que hizo del poblado tardo romano y la iglesia paleocristiana de Bovalar, en la localidad leridana de Serós. El apoyo y la protección que Constantino – él mismo bautizado antes de morir- dio al cristianismo fueron decisivos para que esta religión se asentara en la cultura y en las formas de poder que más adelante estarían presentes en la Edad Media.
Raúl Docasar
Authors: Rodríguez René
Published: January 2020

En esta entrevista, Raúl Docasar reflexiona sobre la fotografía de moda en el contexto digital. Docasar afirma que la irrupción del digital ha supuesto un cambio importante en la faceta creativa y técnica del fotógrafo profesional. "El digital te abre la mente, te permite crear mucho más y el límite te lo acabas poniendo tú", señala.
Manejo, problemática y oportunidades de los caballos salvajes de Galicia como herramienta de conservación de hábitats prioritarios en la Red Natura 2000
Authors: Lagos Laura , Muñoz-Barcia Carlos V. , Fagúndez Jaime
Published: January 2020

Galician wild ponies represent a key element in the open landscapes of the Galician mountain ranges. Among other effects, they aid in the maintenance and preservation of different habitats such as bogs and wet heaths. As part of the LIFE project “Life in Common Land” (LIFE16 NAT/ES/000707), aimed at the conservation of priority habitats in Natura 2000 Site “Serra do Xistral”, we performed semistructured interviews to ponies’ managers and owners to improve our knowledge of the social dimension, management practices, main threats and their potentiality as a tool for habitat conservation. Results show a decline in the number of ponies and pony owners during the last decades. The ponies’ capacity to shape the vegetation structure, and their effect to reduce wolf attacks to cattle were identified as the main ecosystem services. The main threats perceived by owners are the high frequencies of wolf attacks and a detrimental application of CAP subsidies. Ponies are free roaming all-year round in the traditional system, but new management forms are arising. Our results show their potential as a tool for conservation, their positive effect on pastures for cattle grazing, and the strong cultural engagement of the local community with their ponies.
Using opportunistic sightings to assess the suitability of Important Marine Mammal Areas (IMMAs) for cetacean conservation in the Western Mediterranean Sea
Authors: Báez José C. , Camiñas Juan A. , Serna-Quintero José M. , García-Barcelona Salvador , Bellido J. Jesús , Macías David
Published: January 2020

The Western Mediterranean Sea connects the Atlantic Ocean with the rest of the Mediterranean Sea through the Strait of Gibraltar. The Western Mediterranean Sea is important area for cetaceans and it contains highly productive feeding areas, such as the Pelagos Sanctuary and the South Balearic eddy. The main aim of this study was to assess the suitability of a group of Important Marine Mammal Areas (IMMAs) for the conservation of cetaceans inhabiting this area. There were 398 (46.44%) opportunistic sightings (OS) within a number of IMMAs and 459 (53.56%) sightings outside of IMMAs in this area. Trend surface analysis was used to select the OSs (GPOSs hereafter) most likely to be observed within IMMAs as a function of their geographical position. Significant differences were found between the observed GPOS rate and the expected GPOS rate weighted by the surface area of each IMMA. Specifically, there were more sightings than expected in the Alboran Sea IMMA than in the North West Mediterranean Sea, Slope, and Canyon System IMMA. In the latter area, there were fewer sightings than expected.
Needed but Neglected: Women Activists as Vote Getters in Elections at the Local Level
Authors: Alfirdaus Laila Kholid , Nugroho Rosihan Widi
Published: January 2020

In the study of women’s activism in politics, the role of women’s activists as seen by the perspective of women’s representation tends to underline their role in political recruitment and decision making in governing system after the process of elections is completed. This perspective assumes that political process works in more advance level by providing channels for women’s activists to articulate their political interests and careers. However, this assumption can be misleading in society that political process is dominated by political elites. This has made recruitment and policy more central and salient for publicity and put activists at the grassroot level are less significant. The case in Semarang city in Central Java province of Indonesia has told us that women activists are made merely as vote getters in election without a clear long-term political compensation that is beneficial for gender equality promotion. In Indonesia women are relatively well-organized through community organization, as PKK (Family Empowerment and Welfare) and Traditional Market Association which are attractive to be capitalized by political candidates through their women’s activists as part of winning team or known locally as tim sukses. Network owned by women activists is seen crucial by politicians (political parties and candidates) to persuade female voters in elections. However, more often, in electoral phases, the involvement of women activists in this matter is limited merely for getting votes from their fellow female voters in their community. Although in this context grass-root women’s activists looks negligible, in fact, micro processes in election, as in political campaign and especially canvassing, can be a crucial phase for women’s activists to strengthen their bargaining position against elites such as candidates for legislative bodies to advocates their interests, once the candidates are elected.
Haplopelma hainanum venom induces inflammatory skin lesions
Authors: Deng Zhili , Wang Yaling , Shi Wei , Zhou Lei , Xu San , Li Ji , Zhang Yiya
Published: January 2020

The Haplopelma hainanum is a species of theraphosid spider from China. Its large size and charming appearance make this species a popular pet. According to a previous study, theraphosid spider bites can induce pain, erythema, and edema in humans and can present more severely in domestic animals. The pathological consequences of envenomation by H. hainanum remain unclear. In this study, we investigated the effects and mechanisms of H. hainanum envenomation in mice. We showed that the venom induced slight swelling, intense inflammatory response, and increased the microvascular density in mice skin. Moreover, we found that 50 µg/ml of the spider’s venom induced IL-1β expression in both HaCaT cells and fibroblast cells, but repressed CXCL10 expression in fibroblasts. The venom significantly induced cell senescence and repressed cell proliferation and migration in both HaCaT cells and fibroblast cells. Finally, we examined the expression of Nav channel in HaCaT and fibroblast cells and found that H. hainanum venom effectively inhibited Na+ currents in HaCaT cells. Our study calls for further investigation of the pathological consequences and potential mechanisms of H. hainanum envenomation. This information might assist in the development of suitable therapy.
Восстановление баротропной составляющей гидростатического давления по измерениям течений в придонном слое для задач оперативной океанологии, "Фундаментальная и прикладная гидрофизика"
Authors: Семенов Е.В. , Мортиков Е.В.
Published: January 2020

Прогнозирование состояния морской среды в рамках оперативной океанологии на основе численных моделей, использующих приближение гидростатики, требует восстановления полного гидростатического давления по имеющимся измерениям. При условии, что отклонения уровня моря, связанные с неоднородностью поля плотности, могут быть получены при усвоении данных глубоководных термохалинных измерений, остается необходимость нахождения баротропной компоненты давления. Последняя задача может быть решена, в частности, с помощью спутниковых измерений альтиметрии. Однако такие данные могут содержать как значимые погрешности, в особенности для Арктических морей и прибрежных районов, так и быть недоступны. В настоящей работе рассматривается возможность восстановления баротропной составляющей гидростатического давления, связанной с придонным давлением, по данным измерений скоростей течений. Показано, что в рамках приближения гидростатики придонное давление может быть приближенно восстановлено на основе измерений скорости течений в придонном слое. В численных экспериментах рассматривалась задача о воспроизведении структуры течений при ветровом нагоне для баротропного океана при невозмущенном начальном уровне. Проведенные расчеты подтверждают возможность восстановления баротропной составляющей гидростатического давления с приемлемой для задач оперативной океанологии точностью.
О КЛИМАТИЧЕСКИХ ИЗМЕНЕНИЯХ ТЕМПЕРАТУРЫ БАЛТИЙСКОГО МОРЯ, "ФУНДАМЕНТАЛЬНАЯ И ПРИКЛАДНАЯ ГИДРОФИЗИКА"
Authors: СЕРЫХ И.В. , КОСТЯНОЙ А.Г.
Published: January 2020

Анализ среднемесячных данных температуры Балтийского моря на поверхности и различных глубинах показал ее существенный рост за последние десятилетия. Вместе с этим наблюдаемый рост температуры распределен по акватории Балтийского моря неравномерно: так, наиболее сильно температура повысилась в Финском и Рижском заливах. На фоне этого роста обнаружены колебания температуры с периодами от 2 до 6 лет, ~8 лет и ~14 лет. Показаны связи этих колебаний с Эль-Ниньо, Северо-Атлантическим колебанием и Северо-Атлантическим течением соответственно. Причем влияние Эль-Ниньо захватывает верхние 10 метров Балтийского моря, связь с Северо-Атлантическим колебанием прослеживается до глубины 52 метров, а влияние Северо-Атлантического течения сохраняется до глубины 78 метров. Показано, что найденные колебания оказали наиболее сильное влияние на температуру Балтийского моря с середины 1970-х по конец 1990-х гг. Обнаружена связь глобальных климатических сдвигов 1976/77 и 1998/99 гг. и междекадных изменений температуры Балтийского моря. Высказано предположение, что Глобальная атмосферная осцилляция выступает в роли синхронизирующего звена между Эль-Ниньо, Северо-Атлантическим колебанием и межгодовой изменчивостью температуры Балтийского моря.
Компенсационный подход к исключению методических погрешностей при измерениях спектральной прозрачности морской воды, "Фундаментальная и прикладная гидрофизика"
Authors: Ли М.Е , Фёдоров С. В.
Published: January 2020

Предлагается компенсационный подход, направленный на исключение методических погрешностей при измерениях спектрального показателя ослабления света в морской воде, и описывается схема прозрачномера, в котором реализован данный подход. Особенность предлагаемой оптической схемы состоит в том, что измерительный и опорный лучи формируются идентичными оптическими элементами, составляющими опорный и измерительный каналы, при этом оба канала выведены в измеряемую среду. В такой оптической схеме отпадает необходимость введения поправки на изменение коэффициента отражения поверхностей оптических деталей, соприкасающихся с морской водой, при погружении прибора в море, или проведения сложной калибровки с использованием особо чистой воды. В результате появляется возможность использования калибровки прибора на воздухе для определения показателя ослабления непосредственно в измеряемой среде после погружения прибора в воду. Т.к. измерения фактически выполняются на двух оптических базах, может быть выполнена самокалибровка прибора без использования аттестованной эталонной воды с известными оптическими характеристиками. В качестве источника светового излучения применен мощный многоэлементный семицветный светодиод.
Численные модели обнаружения подводных источников звука и оценки дальности действия гидроакустических средств в пассивном режиме с учетом оперативных данных о морской среде, "Фундаментальная и прикладная гидрофизика"
Authors: Авилов К. В. , Семенов Е.В.
Published: January 2020

Основными средствами освещения подводной обстановки продолжают оставаться гидроакустические системы, обнаруживающие и оценивающие параметры подводных источников звука. Рассмотрена естественная первичная обработка гидроакустических полей, включающая процедуру согласования со средой и представляющая собой оценку отношения правдоподобия в каждой точке области обзора. Приводится пример реализации естественной обработки на основе лучевой модели по экспериментально зарегистрированным сигналам на горизонтальной протяженной буксируемой антенне, имеющей 48 приёмников и длину около 100 м. При обработке используется вся практически доступная информация о морской среде и помеховой обстановке. Показано, что учет искажения гидроакустических сигналов при их распространении в неоднородной морской среде позволяет существенно увеличить эффективность гидроакустических систем. Алгоритмы расчёта сигналов, помех, обнаружения и оценки дальности действия гидроакустических систем пассивного режима реализованы в численных моделях. Приведено сравнение традиционной и естественной обработки на примере расчёта для модели линейной антенны из 128 ненаправленных приёмников общей длиной 512 м. Естественная первичная обработка решает триединую задачу обнаружения, классификации и оценки координат. Такая обработка вполне реализуема современными средствами при современном уровне обеспечения гидрофизическими и геоакустическими данными.
Результаты маршрутных наблюдений за китообразными в экспедиционных исследованиях в Черном море в 2015-2016 гг, "Наука Юга России"
Authors: Олейников Е.П.
Published: January 2020

Представлены данные наблюдений за морскими млекопитающими. Исследования проведены в северо-восточной части российского сектора Черного моря и в Керченском проливе. Описаны как встречи с животными, так и элементы поведения отмеченных черноморских китообразных.
РЕАКТАНТЫ ОСТРОЙ ФАЗЫ И МАРКЕРЫ НУТРИТИВНОГО СТАТУСА ПРИ СОЧЕТАНИИ ТУБЕРКУЛЕЗА С ВИЧ-ИНФЕКЦИЕЙ, "Вестник Центрального научно-исследовательского института туберкулеза"
Authors: Абдуллаев Ризван Юсиф Оглы , Комиссарова Оксана Геннадьевна , Герасимов Лев Николаевич
Published: January 2020

Проблеме туберкулеза (ТБ) у ВИЧ-инфицированных больных в последние годы уделяется очень большое внимание. Повышенный интерес обусловлен неуклонным ростом числа больных ТБ, сочетанным с ВИЧ-инфекцией. ВИЧ-инфекция является фактором риска развития ТБ. Течение и исход туберкулезного процесса у этой категории пациентов наряду с другими факторами зависят от состояния неспецифической реактивности организма больного, которая представляет собой способность отвечать на воздействие повреждающего агента комплексом защитных реакций. Одной из таких реакций является системный воспалительный ответ (СВО). Ключевыми компонентами СВО являются нарастание синтеза и высвобождение в кровь комплекса белков, обладающих конкретными защитными функциями и имеющих название реактантов острой фазы (РОФ). При этом происходит снижение интенсивности синтеза в печени транспортных белков. Объективная реальность обусловливает актуальность проблемы сочетанной патологии, а также необходимость правильного понимания механизмов развития туберкулезного процесса у этой категории больных. В статье представлен обзор данных, посвященных изучению лабораторных проявлений СВО у больных ТБ, сочетанным с ВИЧ-инфекцией. Приведены данные по изучению уровня реактантов острой фазы (СРБ, а-антитрипсина, гапто- глобина и фибриногена) и маркеров нутритивного статуса - индекса массы тела (ИМТ), транстиретина и альбумина.
Development of Power Operated Portable Sesame Thresher for Small Farmers
Authors: Dhananchezhiyan P. , Venkatesh M. , Vanitha M. , Thamizhagan D. , Theliban S.
Published: January 2020

Threshing of sesame seeds from the harvested capsules is one of the important operations and it consumes more labor, time and cost. Hence the development of a power operated portable sesame thresher is timely essential for the small farmers. The physical properties of sesame seeds namely size of the seed, Number of seeds per capsule, 1000 grain weight and length and thickness of capsules were studied for developing a power operated portable sesame thresher. The most popular variety used in Tamil Nadu is TMV 7. The average length and thickness of capsules were measured as 35 and 12 mm respectively. The average number of seeds in single capsule was determined as 60. The average 1000 grain weight was determined as 3.1 g. and the average size of the seed is 3×1.8× 0.9 mm. Based on these results the portable sesame thresher was fabricated based on double roller (two rollers are rotating with opposite direction) mechanism with an overall size of 1392 ×700 ×1170 mm and its performance was assessed in terms of threshing efficiency, output capacity, saving in cost and time and compared with conventional methods of manual threshing. The developed portable power sesame thresher was field tested and its threshing efficiency and seed output capacity were 96.7% and 18.2 kg h-1, respectively. The saving in cost and time were 92 and 72% respectively as compared to conventional method of manual threshing.
Performance Analysis of a Faster In−place External Sorting Algorithm
Authors: Nur Shuvo Asaduzzaman , Adhikary Apurba , Hossain Md. Bipul , Jahan Soheli Sultana
Published: January 2020

Data sets in large applications are often too gigantic to fit completely inside the computer’s internal memory. The resulting input/output communication (or I/O) between fast internal memory and slower external memory (such as disks) can be a major performance bottle−neck. While applying sorting on this huge data set, it is essential to do external sorting. This paper is concerned with a new in−place external sorting algorithm. Our proposed algorithm uses the concept of Quick−Sort and Divide−and−Conquer approaches resulting in a faster sorting algorithm avoiding any additional disk space. In addition, we showed that the average time complexity can be reduced compared to the existing external sorting approaches.
Similarities between Initiation Mechanism between Cotton Fiber and Arabidopsis Trichome: Prospects in Improving Cotton Fiber Yield
Authors: Bui Anh Phu Nam , Ong Binh-Nguyen , Huu Thuan-Anh Nguyen , Tran Hoang-Dung
Published: January 2020

Cotton fiber is the fundamental material for a textile industry, and currently there is an immense interest in understanding the process of fiber initiation and development. Cotton fiber, also known as seed trichome, is differentiated from the seed coat epidermal cells similar to Arabidopsis leaf trichome, which is differentiated from the leaf epidermal cells. Despite functional characterization of individual cotton fiber initiation genes, currently there is not a comprehensive understanding of the mechanism behind cotton fiber initiation. Since the resemblance in initiation to cotton fiber, the Arabidopsis trichome has been successfully employed as a model system for functional characterization of cotton fiber initiation genes. Knowledge gained from the initiation mechanism of Arabidopsis trichomes will facilitate, as a comparative model system in understanding of the cotton fiber initiation mechanisms.
Nutritional Viscosity Management for Renal Stones (Nephrolithiasis) Prevention According to Avicenna’s Canon of Medicine
Authors: Ali Soroushzadeh Sayed Mohammad , Zareiyan Armin , Rezaeizadeh Hossein , Karimi Mehrdad , Arezaei Hamed , Alizadeh Vaghasloo Mahdi
Published: January 2020

The prevalence of renal stones in industrialized countries is about 10 to 12%, and its incidence has increased in recent years. Renal stone is strongly dependent on dietary habits, so dietary changes are the most promising intervention to reduce renal stone production. Nutrition from the perspective of traditional Persian medicine is one of the important pillars of prevention and treatment of diseases such as renal stones. In this article, we intend to outline the nutritional managements indicated in Avicenna’s book of canon of medicine on renal stones. According to Avicenna, renal stone producing foods are concentrated and viscous foods, including some dairy products, meats, cereals, fruits, pastries, breads and some foods. Many such foods discriminated by Avicenna to be viscous and thus stone forming are also shown by modern science to increase the risk of renal stone production although based on diverse mechanisms. This issue may be an example that traditional medicine may suggest experienced-founded phenotype-based shortcuts for better research hypothesis designs.
Physicochemical quality maintenance and bioactive compounds enhancement of Thai guava fruit cv. ‘Kim Ju’ by using combinative hot water and methyl jasmonate immersion
Authors: Yuranan Kernprie Suriyan Supapvanich, , Boonyaritthongchai Panida , Techavuthiporn Chairat , Tepsorn Racha , Youryon Pannipa
Published: January 2020

Postharvest life of Thai guava fruits is limited due to skin damage and physicochemical changes during cold storage. Both methyl jasmonate (MeJA) and heat treatments are potential approaches maintaining postharvest quality of fruits. Thus, the aim of this work was to investigate the effects of hot water and MeJA immersion on physicochemical quality of ‘Kim Ju’ guava fruit during storage at 12 ± 1 °C for 18 d.  The fruit were immersed in hot water at 40 °C for 30 min (H), 0.1 mM MeJA for 10 min (0.1 mM MeJA) or H followed by 0.1 mM MeJA (H + 0.1 mM MeJA) and untreated fruit were used as control. The determined parameters were visual appearance, colour, texture, pectin substances, antioxidant activities, bioactive compounds and antioxidant enzymes activities. The results showed that H + 0.1 mM MeJA treatment maintained visual appearance and colour as compared to 0.1 mM MeJA, H or control treatment, consequently. The treatment of H + 0.1 mM MeJA retarded softening according to the inhibition of soluble pectin increase and insoluble pectin decrease. The treatment enhanced the both antioxidant and free radical scavenging activities as compared to control. These were accompanied with the increments of bioactive compounds such as ascorbic acid, total phenols, flavonoids and peroxidase activity and the retardation of catalase activity decrease. In conclusion, the H + 0.1 mM MeJA treatment could maintain postharvest qualities involving visual appearance and texture and enhanced nutritional value of guava fruit during cold storage.
Phenology and vegetative growth of the fig tree cv “Roxo de Valinhos” under a drastic pruning system
Authors: F.A.C.M. Junior T.Y.L. Evangelista, A.C. Miranda, , Cavalcante E.S. , Aguiar C.D. , Pereira G.A.
Published: January 2020

The phenological adaptability and growth of the fig tree (Ficus carica L.) was observed periodically in the Brazilian semi-arid, State of Piauí, Brazil. The study was done using in 46 plants of the fig tree cv “Roxo de Valinhos”, in Bom Jesus, Piauí in the period from April to August of 2018. The meteorological elements associated with phenology were: air temperature, relative humidity, precipitation, and photoperiod. The results revealed significant relations between the phenology, growth, and climatic conditions showing promising answers for the cultivation of the fig tree cv “Roxo de Valinhos”, in the semi-arid region of Piauí.
Effect of including herbal choline in the diet of a dairy herd; a multiyear evaluation
Authors: Alfredo Gutiérrez Alfredo Gutiérrez R., , Sánchez Carlos , Mendoza Germán D.
Published: January 2020

A linear mixed model and chi-squared tests were used to estimate the effects of the dietary inclusion of herbal choline at 0.071 % of the diet in the entire dairy herd (target dose of 17 g/d in lactating cows) using data from six years in a commercial farm. The feed plant additive (BioCholine) was included in the premix spanning three years (2016-2018) feeding 442 cows average per year and information was compared with the three previous years (2013 – 2015; 424 cows average per year). Energy corrected milk in the period 2016-2018 was increased by 1.57% (p<0.001) compared to years 2013-2016 (36.36 vs. 35.80 kg/d). Fertility in cows during first lactation was improved (P<0.01) with the feed plant additive (45.33 vs. 37.0%). The period feeding herbal choline (2016-2018) showed a reduction (p<0.0001) in abortions (15.65 to 7.29%) and clinical (p<0.005; 12.59 to 6.95%) and subclinical mastitis (p<0.05; 8.65 to 5.22%) and in respiratory disorders (p<0.10; 12.42 to 8.56%) whereas hypocalcaemia incidence was increased (p<0.01) from 1.73 to 6.22%. Total herd replacement was reduced during the years 2016-2018 by 5.73% (p<0.05) without effects in mortality. Inclusion of the plant feed additives containing conjugates of choline improved milk yield, fertility in first lactation cows and important health indicators which help to reduced herd replacement.
Nutritional Components and Oxidative Stability of Plant Seed Oils
Authors: Seong Jun Hong Jookyeong Lee, , Park Joon Hyung , Da-Som Kim Jin-Ju Cho, , Oh-Kyu Lee Kyoung-Tae Lee, , Shin Eui-Cheol
Published: January 2020

This study investigated fatty acid compositions, antioxidative nutrients, physicochemical properties, and oxidative stability of 10 plant seed oils derived from forest resources. Eight types of fatty acids were identified in total, of which oleic acid marked the highest proportion in most of the seed oils. Overall, the seed oils showed relatively higher contents of unsaturated fatty acids (≧50%). Tocopherol and phytosterol contents ranged from 4.82±0.11 mg/ 100 g to 738.35±4.30 mg/ 100 g and from 133.44±5.09 mg/100 g to 403.59±29.89 mg/100 g, respectively. In terms of chemical measures, acid value, peroxide value, and p-anisidine value resulted in broad ranges, between 0.81±0.04 mg KOH/ g and 52.3±0.60 mg KOH/ g, 4.95±0.11 meq/ kg and 213.88±6.97 meq/ kg, and 3.53±0.39 and 62.59±1.67, respectively. Browning intensity and color scale were also examined, which probably will be a good indicator of sensory quality. As a measure of oxidative stability, oxidation induction period was investigated, showing a range of 0.02±0.01 hr to 3.72±0.28 hr. This study provided informative fundamental data on forest resource derived- 10 plant seed oils and demonstrated the possibility of these oils as edible oil sources with favorable nutrient and physicochemical features.
Industrial characteristics of sugarcane varieties under semi-arid conditions and different irrigation depths
Authors: Ignacio Aspiazu Polliana Basilia Santana, , Xeira, H.C. dos Santos Junior D.T. Pinheiro, M.F.F. , Costa Édio Luiz da , Kondo Marcos Koiti
Published: January 2020

Sugarcane quality for industry directly depends on irrigation, especially in semi-arid regions. This study aimed to evaluate the technological performance for industry of six sugarcane varieties at five irrigation depths. Sugar-cane Brix and Pol%, juice Brix and Pol%, fiber, purity, reducing sugars and total sugars were evaluated 11 months after planting. The experiment was conducted in Brazil, in the semi-arid region of Minas Gerais state. The experiment was arranged in a randomized block design, in a subdivided parcel scheme (6 x 5) and four repetitions. Different irrigation depths did not affected Brix. The cultivar RB83-5486 presented the highest value for juice Pol%, among the evaluated varieties. Juice Pol% and sugar-cane Pol% presented similar behavior, and displayed the highest values at the 1081 mm irrigation depth. In general, the analyzed varieties presented low fiber content. All the analyzed varieties surpassed 80% purity. The highest irrigation depths enhanced purity. The highest value was obtained at the 1081 mm depth. Decreased reducing sugars and increased total reducing sugars were observed at the highest depths and the highest accumulation was found at the 1081 mm depth. As conclusion for industrial characteristics, the irrigation presented potential to enhance the technological performance of sugarcane in semi-arid conditions. Considering the technological performance for industry, the cultivar RB83-5486 has good potential to be used under the studied conditions. When higher levels of fiber and reduced sugars are desired, lower irrigation depths are recommended.
NY AG ends Emergent's exclusivity for Narcan nasal spray
Authors: Knopf Alison
Published: January 2020

Narcan, the lifesaving opioid overdose reversal drug, has been the only naloxone spray allowed on the market due to an exclusivity agreement between the pharmaceutical company that owns it — Emergent BioSolutions — and the company that makes the spray device. This deal is ending thanks to New York Attorney General Letitia James, who has made it possible, via an agreement with Emergent, for other companies to use the patented, proprietary spray technology. Emergent, which bought Adapt, the creator of Narcan, will have to renegotiate these terms, James announced on Jan. 2. “Given the tragic, devastating effects of the opioid crisis, and the urgent need for additional drugs for the emergency treatment of opioid overdoses, my office will do whatever possible to ensure that there are no unnecessary impediments to the development of additional lifesaving opioid overdose reversal drugs,” she said. “I'm proud to announce that, starting today, additional companies will be able to gain access to these nasal spray devices. With more companies able to access this easy‐to‐use technology, our hope is that we can reduce the number of opioid overdose deaths across New York and this nation and save millions of additional lives.” A little history here: Adapt Pharma launched Narcan in February 2016, a year before the State Targeted Response (STR) grants were issued. Narcan is patented, but naloxone had been used for decades in the emergency treatment of opioid overdoses, by first responders and medical workers. In October 2018, in the middle of the lucrative STR (which no longer had to be 80% treatment) and State Opioid Response funding cycles, Emergent bought Adapt — for Narcan. Adapt had already entered into the contract with the nasal spray device manufacturer. Other pharmaceutical companies had been trying to develop a nalmefene overdose reversal drug using the device.
The best and worst of 2019, and hopes and fears for 2020: Part 2
Authors: Knopf Alison
Published: January 2020

Last week's Preview Issue (see ADAW Jan. 6, 2020) didn't have room for all of the past‐year reflections and hopes and fears for the new year from stakeholders. We include them here. Thanks to the field leaders who responded to our request for comments.
Highly Efficient and Tunable Filtering of Electrons' Spin by Supramolecular Chirality of Nanofiber‐Based Materials
Authors: Kulkarni Chidambar , Mondal Amit Kumar , Das Tapan Kumar , Grinbom Gal , Tassinari Francesco , Mabesoone Mathijs F. J. , Meijer E. W. , Naaman Ron
Published: January 2020

Organic semiconductors and organic–inorganic hybrids are promising materials for spintronic‐based memory devices. Recently, an alternative route to organic spintronic based on chiral‐induced spin selectivity (CISS) is suggested. In the CISS effect, the chirality of the molecular system itself acts as a spin filter, thus avoiding the use of magnets for spin injection. Here, spin filtering in excess of 85% in helical π‐conjugated materials based on supramolecular nanofibers at room temperature is reported. The high spin‐filtering efficiency can even be observed in nanofibers assembled from mixtures of chiral and achiral molecules through chiral amplification effect. Furthermore and most excitingly, it is shown that both “up” and “down” orientations of filtered spins can be obtained in a single enantiopure system via the temperature‐dependent helicity (P and M) inversion of supramolecular nanofibers. The findings showcase that materials based on helical noncovalently assembled systems are modular platforms with an emerging structure–property relationship for spintronic applications.
Viewpoint: Homeostasis as Inspiration—Toward Interactive Materials
Authors: Lerch Michael M. , Grinthal Alison , Aizenberg Joanna
Published: January 2020

Homeostatic systems combine an ability to maintain integrity over time with an incredible capacity for interactive behavior. Fundamental to such systems are building blocks of “mini‐homeostasis”: feedback loops in which one component responds to a stimulus and another opposes the response, pushing the module to restore its original configuration. Particularly when they cross time and length scales, perturbation of these loops by external changes can generate diverse and complex phenomena. Here, it is proposed that by recognizing and implementing mini‐homeostatic modules—often composed of very different physical and chemical processes—into synthetic materials, numerous interactive behaviors can be obtained, opening avenues for designing multifunctional materials. How a variety of controlled, nontrivial material responses can be evoked from even simple versions of such synthetic feedback modules is illustrated. Moreover, random events causing seemingly random responses give insights into how one can further explore, understand and control the full interaction space. Ultimately, material fabrication and exploration of interactivity become inseparable in the rational design of such materials. Homeostasis provides a lens through which one can learn how to combine and perturb coupled processes across time and length scales to conjure up exciting behaviors for new materials that are both robust and interactive.
Chemodivergent Preparation of Various Heterocycles via Phase‐Transfer Catalysis: Enantioselective Synthesis of Functionalized Piperidines
Authors: Bertuzzi Giulio , Silvestrini Filippo , Moimare Pierluigi , Pecorari Daniel , Mazzanti Andrea , Bernardi Luca , Fochi Mariafrancesca
Published: January 2020

In this work, a new chemodivergent domino approach for the preparation of various saturated heterocycles, based on phase‐transfer catalysis (PTC), is presented. The versatile nature of doubly electrophilic substrates, showing both a Michael acceptor and a ketone, tethered by a heteroatom, enables three different domino reaction pathways. The nucleophile dictates the chemoselectivity of the reaction. Sulfa‐Michael/aldol, cyanide addition/oxa‐Michael and Michael/H‐shift/aldol processes, along with the variation of the tethering heteroatom, results in the formation of six different classes of saturated heterocycles. DFT calculations account for the observed chemo‐ and diastereoselectivity of the two most productive processes. Moreover, an extensive investigation on the sulfa‐Michael/aldol pathway was carried out, ultimately leading to the development of a new enantioselective domino approach to multi‐substituted piperidines based on PTC.

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Smart Flexible Electronics‐Integrated Wound Dressing for Real‐Time Monitoring and On‐Demand Treatment of Infected Wounds
Authors: Pang Qian , Lou Dong , Li Shijian , Wang Guangming , Qiao Bianbian , Dong Shurong , Ma Lie , Gao Changyou , Wu Zhaohui
Published: January 2020

As the most frequent wound complication, infection has become a major clinical challenge in wound management. To overcome the “Black Box” status of the wound‐healing process, next‐generation wound dressings with the abilities of real‐time monitoring, diagnosis during early stages, and on‐demand therapy has attracted considerable attention. Here, by combining the emerging development of bioelectronics, a smart flexible electronics‐integrated wound dressing with a double‐layer structure, the upper layer of which is polydimethylsiloxane‐encapsulated flexible electronics integrated with a temperature sensor and ultraviolet (UV) light‐emitting diodes, and the lower layer of which is a UV‐responsive antibacterial hydrogel, is designed. This dressing is expected to provide early infection diagnosis via real‐time wound‐temperature monitoring by the integrated sensor and on‐demand infection treatment by the release of antibiotics from the hydrogel by in situ UV irradiation. The integrated system possesses good flexibility, excellent compatibility, and high monitoring sensitivity and durability. Animal experiment results demonstrate that the integrated system is capable of monitoring wound status in real time, detecting bacterial infection and providing effective treatment on the basis of need. This proof‐of‐concept research holds great promise in developing new strategies to significantly improve wound management and other pathological diagnoses and treatments.
Pancreatic senescence and its clinical manifestations
Authors: Wang Lu , Zheng Songbai
Published: January 2020

The pancreas is a vital organ which has both endocrine and exocrine functions and plays an essential role in food digestion and glucose metabolism. Pancreatic structure and function undergo a series of changes with aging and senescence. Pancreatic exocrine and endocrine function gradually change, which may lead to conditions such as dyspepsia and diabetes mellitus. Hence, clinicians need to be familiar with the characteristics of pancreatic senescence. This article reviews the manifestations of pancreatic senescence and its significance for clinical practice.
Fermi Arcs and DC Transport in Nanowires of Dirac and Weyl Semimetals
Authors: Sukhachov Pavlo O. , Rakov Mykhailo V. , Teslyk Olena M. , Gorbar Eduard V.
Published: January 2020

The transport properties and electron states in cylinder nanowires of Dirac and Weyl semimetals are studied paying special attention to the structure and properties of the surface Fermi arcs. The latter make the electric charge and current density distributions in nanowires strongly nonuniform as the majority of the charge density is accumulated at the surface. It is found that a Weyl semimetal wire also supports a magnetization current localized mainly at the surface because of the Fermi arcs contribution. By using the Kubo linear response approach, the direct current (DC) conductivity is calculated and it is found that its spatial profile is nontrivial. By explicitly separating the contributions of the surface and bulk states, it is shown that when the electric chemical potential and/or the radius of the wire is small, the electron transport is determined primarily by the Fermi arcs and the electrical conductivity is much higher at the surface than in the bulk. Due to the rise of the surface‐bulk transition rate, the relative contribution of the surface states to the total conductivity gradually diminishes as the chemical potential increases. In addition, the DC conductivity at the surface demonstrates noticeable peaks when the Fermi level crosses energies of the surface states.
Understanding the Origin of Highly Selective CO2 Electroreduction to CO on Ni,N‐doped Carbon Catalysts
Authors: Koshy David M. , Chen Shucheng , Lee Dong Un , Stevens Michaela Burke , Abdellah Ahmed M. , Dull Samuel M. , Chen Gan , Nordlund Dennis , Gallo Alessandro , Hahn Christopher , Higgins Drew C. , Bao Zhenan , Jaramillo Thomas F.
Published: January 2020

Ni,N‐doped carbon catalysts have shown promising catalytic performance for CO2 electroreduction (CO2R) to CO; this activity has often been attributed to the presence of nitrogen‐coordinated, single Ni atom active sites. However, experimentally confirming Ni−N bonding and correlating CO2 reduction (CO2R) activity to these species has remained a fundamental challenge. We synthesized polyacrylonitrile‐derived Ni,N‐doped carbon electrocatalysts (Ni‐PACN) with a range of pyrolysis temperatures and Ni loadings and correlated their electrochemical activity with extensive physiochemical characterization to rigorously address the origin of activity in these materials. We found that the CO2R to CO partial current density increased with increased Ni content before plateauing at 2 wt % which suggests a dispersed Ni active site. These dispersed active sites were investigated by hard and soft X‐ray spectroscopy, which revealed that pyrrolic nitrogen ligands selectively bind Ni atoms in a distorted square‐planar geometry that strongly resembles the active sites of molecular metal–porphyrin catalysts.
Iron‐Catalyzed Direct Oxidative Alkylation and Hydroxylation of Indolin‐2‐ones with Alkyl‐Substituted N‐Heteroarenes
Authors: Hu Ren‐Ming , Han Dong‐Yang , Li Ning , Huang Jie , Feng Yu , Xu Da‐Zhen
Published: January 2020

Presented herein is the first direct alkylation and hydroxylation reaction between two different C(sp3)−H bonds, indolin‐2‐ones and alkyl‐substituted N‐heteroarenes, through an oxidative cross‐coupling reaction. The reaction is catalyzed by a simple iron salt under mild ligand‐free and base‐free conditions. The reaction is environmentally benign, employs air (molecular oxygen) as the terminal oxidant and oxygen source for the synthesis of O‐containing compounds, and produces only water as the byproduct.