bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Role of Direct Marketing in the Development of Russian Small Business
Authors: Tatarinov Konstantin
Published: October 2019

In conditions of intense competition in a crowded market, when the struggle is for each customer and the products are customized for a very narrow marketing niche, the use of generally accepted marketing brand communications in small business is tantamount to ruin. The article substantiates that creating a brand should not be the goal of a small business, but should be an enjoyable side effect of direct marketing. The main idea of the article is that a multiple increase in prices for goods and services is possible without significant growth in the cost price in small companies by selecting the most highly profitable customers, creating an individualized marketing message and selecting the relevant message channel. The author cites some aspects of direct marketing tools, given the high information noise in the media and the "advertising blindness" of potential customers. The article contains recommendations for various types of small businesses on the use of classic offline direct marketing tools.
Woman and Child: The Penitentiary Aspect
Authors: Spasennikov Boris
Published: October 2019

The article analyzes the legal and medical significance of the child's living together with his mother in the Children's Houses of the penitentiary system. Materials for the study were the author's own observations, the materials of the Federal Service for Execution of Punishment (FSEP) of Russia reports on medical care for women and children over the period of five years; the data obtained as a result of targeted inquiries to the Children's Houses of the penitentiary system. The article generalizes the experience of the Children's House activities of the penitentiary system in this direction. It shows the positive effect of joint maintenance, first of all, in terms of the breastfeeding rates. Natural and mixed feeding constituted 67 % in the Children's Houses, including 85 % in the Children's Houses with joint stay of the newborns, and 42 % in other Children's Houses, which is statistically lower. In the Children's Houses with the expanded co-residence department, the primary morbidity of children was 1678 ‰, while in the comparison group - 2015 ‰, which is significantly higher. According to the primary incidence rate, there was a decrease in the pool of respiratory diseases from 1000 to 870 per 1000 children, thanks to placing into operation of the joint co-residence hostel for mother and child. The co-residence of the mother, convicted to imprisonment, and the newborn will contribute to the childs physical, neuropsychic development, its harmonious growth, as well as to manifesting the maternity feelings, which can be an important factor of the resocialization of the convicted person. The author propose to introduce a normative compulsory co-residence of mother and child in the Children's Houses of the penitentiary system.
On Interpretation of the Term «Legal Nature»
Authors: Aslanyan Natalya , Novikova Tatiana
Published: October 2019

The polysemantic term legal nature has been actively and for a long time used in Russian legal science in terms of research of almost all legal phenomena. Its usage by jurisprudence traces back to the writings of pre-revolutionary national scholars, expands in scientific works of legal scholars of the Soviet period, and amounts to a truly tremendous scale in present-day legal papers. Seemingly, such a huge demand for the term and (correspondingly) for the concept denoted by it should have led to a plenty of specific studies and certainty in interpretation of the term. However, this did not happen and understanding of the legal phenomena nature is rather a result of intuitive perception than that of logical thinking. Those rare cases, in which legal scholars try to define the term nature as applied to the legal phenomena, only intensify its uncertainty by deepening its polysemy. The article makes an attempt in the article to delimit the term nature and the competitive term essence, as well as substantiates a thesis of the methodological role of the notion nature for the legal phenomena cognition.
Legal Nature of Bad-Faith Suppliers (Contractors, Providers)
Authors: Tishchenko Vyacheslav
Published: October 2019

The article considers legal nature of the bad-faith suppliers (contractors, providers) register institute. Maintenance of the register is subject to Federal law On contract system in procurement of goods, jobs and services for provision of public needs. The author points out and analyzes formalistic and essential approaches to understanding of the institute nature. The conclusion is substantiated that making entries in the register is an administrative action. When a decision of the persons data inclusion into the register is taken, it is necessary to determine essential elements of the offence destroying the presumption of innocence. Approaches to determination of the guilt of the participant in purchasing are studied in comparison. They are developed through law enforcement practice. Thereby, some specific private law features of the considered institute are revealed in the article. Actual use of consequences of the persons data inclusion into the register according to the strict liability principle and necessity to dispose of this approach are emphasized. Protective nature of the bad-faith suppliers (contractors, providers) register institute is studied.
Minors in the Insurance Protection System: Opportunities and Guarantees
Authors: Stepanova Marina
Published: October 2019

Analysis of the current scientific literature has shown that at the present time very little attention is paid to the issues of insurance coverage for minors, despite their social and economic importance. The approaches to the notion of "insurance protection" are ambiguous: a critical insight into them allows the author to offer her own definition, the filiation of which leads to the concept of "system of insurance protection for minors." It is established that the form of minors participation in the insurance protection system depends on which of the areas of insurance protection it is represented, as the participation itself can be both direct and indirect. The article reveals the significance of the social insurance institution that provides the guarantees of insurance coverage to the minors and their legal representatives. It presents the features of minors insurance protection through the insurance.
Social and Humanitarian Knowledge: Peculiarites, Interactions, Meaning
Authors: Tkacheva Marina
Published: October 2019

Particular characteristics of social and humanitarian cognition, its generic peculiarities are considered. The most popular approaches in the social and humanitarian subjects of the 19th-20th century are stated. The idea of consistency of the knowledge evolution and appearance of its social and humanitarian version is substantiated. Historical cognition and critical principles of primary sources are characterized. The role of works of art in the historical cognition is described.
The Dynamics of the Structure of the Crimean Economy and Current Trends in Its Development
Authors: Cheremisina Svetlana , Skaranik Stanislava , Balitsky Victor
Published: October 2019

The economy of the Crimea is currently developing in special conditions of the «transition period», aimed at the gradual adaptation of the socio-economic system of the peninsula to the priorities of the innovative way of development of the Russian economy as a whole and its individual regions. The article analyzes the dynamics of the sectoral distribution of the economy of the Republic of Crimea after its entry into Russia. The attention is focused on the fact that the solving of the arising contradictions and problems is impossible without active state support and financing of the regional economy. Taking into account the specifics of the Crimea as a sanatorium-resort region, it is justified that the largest contribution to the volume of regional production is made by the services sector connected with the needs of tourists resting in the Crimea. The strategic mechanisms of development of the tourist sphere of the Crimea, aimed at solving the problem of uneven use of tourist potential, are considered.
The Issue of Plastic Waste Utilization
Authors: Potapova Elena
Published: October 2019

Waste or garbage is a mix of substances, objects and their parts that have lost their customer properties due to being used and so they are refused. The paper is aimed at characterizing main topical concepts of the problem of plastic waste spread and its utilization and suggesting its future solutions. In Russia the amount of solid municipal waste reaches 63 mln tons per year (i. e. about 450 kg per person), up to 25 % of it being plastics. Plastics are organic materials made of synthesized or natural polymers consisting of monomer units that are joined together to form long macromolecules. The most widespread types of plastic are polyvinyl chloride, polyethylene terephthalate, polypropylene, polycarbonate, polystyrene, low and high density polyethylene (LDPE and HDPE), etc. A system of identification codes and labeling was developed to facilitate utilization of disposable items. The majority of types of plastic can be easily reprocessed and recycled. In European countries, up to 50 % of waste is recycled while in Russia this number does not exceed 4 %. The life cycle of plastic is much longer than its useful life. One way or another, all plastic items get into landfills where plastic goes on affecting the environment and moves along the food chains up to humans. Up to 10 % of plastic waste ends up in the World Ocean. This durable and often toxic material results in diseases and death of many terrestrial and aquatic animals. The classic waste management hierarchy is limited to three major directions: disposal (including energy recovery), recycling and reuse, all of which being not optimal particularly in respect of the environment. It should be recognized that, among other issues, plastic life cycle assessment and raising public awareness of a need to minimize use of plastic are relevant ways out.
Theatre as Art: Philosophical and Sociological Analysis in the Space of Reality
Authors: Atanov Andrei , Zimina Ekaterina
Published: October 2019

The article presents a deep socio-philosophical analysis of theatre. The essence of theatre is considered as entirely based on real experiences and on the principle of reality that not necessarily refers to personality and often, being in the world as a community of the ultimate order, only indicates the presence of individuals. The plots offered to the spectator by theatre and theatrical art are considered. The sociological approach in the article appears as a form of obtaining knowledge about actuality in the framework of reality and can indicate the context of what is happening: what people are interested in, why they have this interest and what form it turns into. The institutional approach is used for considering theatre. The characteristics of theatre as a social institution are analyzed. The article presents the findings of the focus group, whose aim was to identify young peoples views as a major socio-demographic group about the place of theatre in the modern space.
Mechanism of Capital Flight Control in Developed and Developing Countries (Case Study of France and Mexico)
Authors: Khamaganova Lyudmila , Mikhaleva Anastasia
Published: October 2019

Nowadays, as a result of globalization, export of capital in huge quantities from developed and developing countries, including the one performed in contravention of currency and customs law and illicit financial flows, is going on. Legal and illegal forms of capital export (capital flight) in the midst of financial uncertainty are in the focus of research interest because such movements of capital have a negative impact on the economic capacity of the country and result in severe macroeconomic, political and social consequences. This issue appears relevant as a mechanism of capital flight control in developed and developing countries needs to be studied for the purpose of which cases of France and Mexico have been considered. It is noted that in developed counties illicit financial flows fall under the jurisdiction of special federal agencies such as Tracfin, a service of the French Ministry of Finance. The paper presents an analysis of Tracfin's control of illicit financial flows in France. The amount of capital flight from France is estimated by such balance of payment item as the net errors and omissions. Analysis of capital flight from developing countries is performed by Global Financial Integrity (GFI). Thus, a correlation between the amount of illegal financial outflows from Mexico and macroeconomic crises was identified on the basis of data on Mexico.
Gender and Victimization in Margaret Atwood's Surfacing
Authors: Pina Arrabal Álvaro
Published: October 2019

Margaret Atwood’s Surfacing (1972), a contemporary classic nowadays, has raised the interest of all kinds of critics. Some of the most remarkable elements in the novel concern feminism, a movement with which the Canadian author has been highly committed. This paper deals with two specific aspects in Atwood’s work in relation to the aforementioned critical approach: gender and victimization. A thorough reading of the novel is thus done in order to detect and subsequently dissect the main instances of both aspects. Special attention is paid to female characters (Anna and the unnamed protagonist), hypersexualized and victimized in the patriarchal microcosms rendered in the story.

Keywords: Atwood, feminism, gender, victimization, hypersexualization, patriarchy
The Strange Case of Teaching English Through the Gothic Novel
Authors: Maggi Simona
Published: October 2019

In this article I endeavour to encourage teachers of Secondary Education to use English literature in their English language lessons. Indeed, literature provides a huge amount of authentic reading materials, making the students practise extensive as well as intensive reading, which is crucial for the foreign language acquisition. Moreover, it is an enormous source of motivation, allowing students to give free rein to their imagination and enjoy their English lessons. The election of gothic fiction is linked to this latter purpose: the 19th gothic genre is generally well accepted by adolescents as it represents a way to reflect on themselves through a journey to “self-revelation”. The double personality/identity-theme of R. L. Stevenson’s novel The Strange Case of Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde fits well into their interests and their quest for self-knowledge. It offers them the chance to process what they are going through in this often unstable stage of their journey into adulthood by trying to figure out their place in the world.

 

Keywords: Reading skill, Literature in ELT, Gothic fiction, R. L. Stevenson, The Strange Case of Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde, Double identity
Lear and Quijote, two wanderers on uneven paths
Authors: Relvas Maria de Jesus Crespo
Published: October 2019

King Lear of Britain and Don Quijote de la Mancha, both old and frail, are dwellers of two very different worlds and eras. The ways they were devised and shaped by William Shakespeare and Miguel de Cervantes generate nonetheless diverse similarities that emphatically expose crucial traits of the human nature.
     The meaningful, more obvious dichotomies in the texts – such as Reality/Fantasy, Sight/Blindness, Truth/Falsehood, Loyalty/Treachery – frame the complexity of the protagonists and are metaphors of their antithetical features. On the other hand, their alienation, misapprehension and distortion of the surrounding realities turn them into wanderers on uneven, problematic paths, while their frail physical condition discloses a surface layer that encapsulates assertive individuals.
This essay approaches Shakespeare’s and Cervantes’ texts by focusing on such aspects, as well as on the respective contextualisation. Each work constitutes a challenging exemplum of a unique, proficuous broad age that wisely amalgamated the old and the new: amidst a multitude of cultural traditions, King Lear primarily embodies the expansion of Tragedy, while Don Quijote de la Mancha primarily materialises the transition to a new stage of Modernity.
Keywords: Lear; Quijote; dichotomies; alienation; tradition; innovation
Developing Academic Persistence in the International Baccalaureate Diploma Programme: Educational Strategies, Associated Personality Traits and Outcomes
Authors: Holman Andrei Corneliu , Hojbotă Ana Maria , Pascal Emilia Alexandra , Bostan Cristina Maria , Constantin Ticu
Published: October 2019

The aim of the study was to investigate the relationships between certain educational strategies and students' personality traits, on the one hand, and students' academic performance, on the other, respectively between the latter and two types of outcomes (i.e. students' academic performance and intentions to drop out of high school). These relationships were examined in two educational settings: in the Diploma Programme (DP), a two-year college-preparatory curriculum offered by the International Baccalaureate (IB), an international private educational system, and the traditional Romanian schools. A sample of IB students in 3 Eastern and Central European countries, and a comparison sample of non-IB students in Romania participated in the research. Results reveal several educational strategies and personality traits among those suggested by previous investigations that significantly sustain IB DP students’ academic persistence. Also, IB students’ academic performance and dropout intentions are influenced by these traits and educational strategies, and these effects are fully or partially mediated by academic persistence. A different pattern of associations emerged in the non-IB sample, with independent work style as the most important determinant of academic persistence, suggesting that relative to the traditional Romanian schools, the IB programme promotes a climate that better supports students in completing their education.
College Student Suicide Risk: The Relationship between Alexithymia, Impulsivity, and Internal Locus of Control
Authors: Loftis Mark A. , Michael Tony , Luke Chad
Published: October 2019

Suicide has become the second leading cause of death for individuals between 15 and 29 years old and increasingly more common within college students (WHO, 2016). The purpose of this study was to examine the associations among alexithymia, impulsivity, and locus of control as predictors of suicide risk in college students. Participants were comprised of 550 undergraduate students from two universities in the southeastern United States. Multiple regression analyses were examined to evaluate what variables could be significant predictors of suicide risk in college students. Age, alexithymia subscales of difficulty identifying feelings and externally oriented thinking, and impulsivity subscales of motor, self-control, and nonplanning were considered significant in the regression analysis of suicide risk. Psychoeducational implications, limitations, and future directions are also discussed.
Young Bilingual Children’s Spelling Strategies: A Comparative Study of 6- to 7-Year-Old Bilinguals and Monolinguals
Authors: Guimaraes Sofia , Parkins Eric
Published: October 2019

Developing literacy in two languages can be challenging for young bilingual children. This longitudinal study investigates the effects of bilingualism in the spelling strategies of English-Portuguese speaking children. A total of 88 six-to-seven-year-old bilinguals and monolinguals were followed during one academic year and data gathered on a range of verbal and written language skills and non-verbal measures while controlling for SES.  For both bilinguals and monolinguals letter knowledge, phonological awareness and word concept were significant predictors of spelling. However, non-verbal reasoning played an increasing role in explaining spelling variance for bilinguals, suggesting that learning to spell in two alphabetic languages places more demands on non-verbal processing skills. Spelling error analyses further revealed that bilinguals when compared to monolinguals showed more reliance on phonological strategies, less compliance with the L1 orthographic system and at times transference from L2. The results suggest important implications for our understanding of spelling acquisition and the development of effective intervention practices for bilingual children.
Environmental and Energy Problems of the 4th Industrial Revolution: Legal Aspects
Authors: Zhavoronkova N. G. , Shpakovskiy Yu. G.
Published: October 2019

The article considers the most general and most fundamental provisions of the concept of the Fourth Industrial Revolution and its consequences for ecology, energy, law. The author has analyzed the threats and challenges of digitalization processes for ecology and energy. It is shown that be the creation of an adequate environment of green technologies, products and services should provide the timely response to the great challenges of the 4th Industrial Revolution. It is proved that there will be no real progress in environmental security until economic growth, new technologies regardless of the form in which they are expressed and natural constraints and indicators of the “growth limit” of human expansion are connected and properly and necessarily linked to the pace of economic development. The authors have investigated the problems of strategic planning in the sphere of digitalization of ecological and energy spheres. The country has yet to develop common concepts suitable for strategic planning and to give each of these concepts a legal definition. To date, the lack of “coherence” of plans, responsibility and systematization of numerous normative acts (by-laws) on the basis of which federal and regional information resources are functioning is unacceptable. The article is aimed to develop legislation in the field of ecology and energy, development of legal mechanisms for the implementation of the program “Digital Economy of the Russian Federation” as well as improvement of enforcement practices.
Improving the System of Statistical Accounting of Appeals to the Court at the Initial Stage of Criminal Proceedings in the Digital Era
Authors: Sushina T. Е.
Published: October 2019

Based on the results of compilation and analysis of statistical data on consideration of complaints of interested persons by the courts of general jurisdiction, filed pursuant to articles 125 and 125.1 of the code, the author proposes some measures for improving the system of judicial statistics given the active introduction of digital technology in the field of criminal procedural relations. The paper notes the priority role of the court in the implementation of the constitutional right of citizens to access justice and in their protection from illegal actions (inaction) and decisions of bodies and officials carrying out criminal prosecution. To optimize the areas of judicial activities the author suggests broad interpretation of the provisions of part 1 of article 30 of the Criminal Procedural Code of the Russian Federation and the formation of the court composition for consideration of requests submitted with the court at pre-trial stages of the criminal process, with the use of an automated information system. The paper substantiates the necessity of successive integration of the State Automated System of legal statistics with the State Automated System «Pravosudie [Justice]», which will allow users of these systems to track the results of the procedural activities of the preliminary investigation, prosecution and court activities at all stages of criminal proceedings. The author also considers it relevant to reflect in more detail the results of consideration and resolution by the court of citizens’ appeals received at the initial stage of criminal proceedings in the annual analytical reviews prepared by the Judicial Department at the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation based on summary statistical reports of all courts of the Russian Federation.
Prospects for Expanding the Subject of Penal Law
Authors: Yuzhanin V. Е.
Published: October 2019

The paper notes that the issue of the independence of penal law as a branch is not relevant; still the issue on the subject of this branch of law, which is understood in a narrow (classical) and broad senses, remains acute. The classical definition of the subject consists of social relations arising in the execution of all punishments, and now other measures of a criminal law nature. Currently, scientists are increasingly talking about the need to expand the subject of penal law due to the inclusion of public relations in the execution of measures of restraint in form of detention and house arrest; assistance in social adaptation of the persons released from serving of punishment and other measures of criminal legal character; and when applying the non-punitive means of influence on prisoners.

The author does not agree that the penal law should regulate only punishments and other measures of a criminal legal nature, which are a form of realization of criminal responsibility. In this regard, compulsory medical measures, confiscation of property and a court fine cannot be considered as such. If we consider criminal responsibility in a broad sense — as having a coercive rather than punitive character, then all measures of a criminal nature should be covered by it and be the subject of this branch of law. Penal law is not penal executive law but penal law.

The paper notes that not legally, but practically, the execution of detention and house arrest is included in the subject of penal law, as they are executed by institutions and bodies of the Federal Enforcement Service and are included in the course of penal law at the Russian Federal Enforcement Service universities. The author of the paper admits that these preventive measures may be the subject of penal law, which, as in relation to criminal law, is the executive branch in relation to criminal procedure law.

Many scholars believe that post-penitentiary relations are the subject of penal law. Agreeing with them, the author of the paper believes that in this case it is necessary to provide for the purpose of penal legislation — the resocialization of convicts, which includes correction, preparation of convicts for release and their social adaptation after release from punishment. As an example, the author refers to the regulation of such relations in the Penal Code of the Republic of Belarus and Ukraine.

Thus, the subject of penal law should be the criminal executive social relations that develop in the implementation of compulsory institutions of criminal and criminal procedure law, having an executive direction.
A high prevalence of airway hyperresponsiveness in cross country skiers
Authors: Chernyak A. V. , Nistor S. Yu. , Zykov K. A. , Chernyak M. V. , Naumenko Z. K. , Neklyudova G. V. , Shmidt E. P.
Published: October 2019

The aim of the study was to evaluate prevalence and age-dependence of bronchial hyperresponsiveness (BHR) in cross country skiers. Methods. Twenty-nine cross-country skiers (14 males, 15 females aged 18 to 30 years; average age, 23.9 ± 3.4 years) were involved in the study. All athletes underwent pulmonary function tests (spirometry before and after inhalation of 400 μg of salbutamol, body plethysmography, diffusion test). Then, methacholine challenge test was performed. Results. In skiers, lung function data were higher compared to the reference vаlues calculated in accordance with the ECSC equations, 1993. Bronchial reversibility was found in 4 athletes (14%). Methacholine provocative concentration causing a 20% fall in FEV1 (PC20) was > 4 mg/ml in 9 skiers (31%). Significant relationships were found between the atheltes’ age and BHR. Conclusion. Cross-country skiers have a high prevalence of BHR to methacholine. BHR increases with age.
Hepatopulmonary syndrome in a woman with hepatic cyrrhosis
Authors: Chuchalin A. G. , Mirtskhulava N. G. , Dremov D. V. , Panasenkova Yu. S.
Published: October 2019

Hepatopulmonary syndrome (HPS) in a severe complication of advanced hepatic diseases. IHPS comprises the following triad of signs: 1) hepatic disease, 2) pulmonary vessels dilation, 3) hypoxemia without cardiorespiratory diseases. Clinical manifestations of HPS are cyanosis, finger clubbing, and platypnoea under the hepatic cyrrhosis. A clinical case of HPS in young woman with hepatic cyrrhosis is described in this article. HPS was resolved after the orthotopic liver transplantation.
Inhalation therapy in children: new opportunities
Authors: Lokshina Е. Е. , Zaytseva О. V.
Published: October 2019

Inhalation therapy is widely used for treatment of acute respiratory infections and asthma in children, and provides more rapid drug delivery in the airways. Treatment success in children with respiratory diseases is defined not only by an adequate choice of the drug and the dosage regimen, but also by inhalation drug delivery system. The choice of drug delivery device in children depends on the child's age and ability to carry out instructions related to the inhalation technique. Incorrect inhalation technique is associated with inappropriate distribution of the drug in the respiratory tract and an unreasonable increase in the volume of therapy, risk of adverse effects, and the total cost of the treatment. Currently, a great number of various drug delivery systems are commercially available, such as a pressurised metered dose inhaler (MDI), a MDI with spacer and facemask, a dry powder inhaler, and a nebulizer. The most optimal inhalation drug delivery device for children is a nebulizer. In this article, the authors discussed benefits and limitations of various drug delivery systems and modern nebulizers used for treatment of the upper and the lower airways including DuoBaby nebulizer 2-in-1 with a nasal aspirator.
La construcción de la voz de autor: trayectoria a través de una titulación de grado
Authors: Romero González Alba Naroa , Álvarez Álvarez Manuela De las Nieves
Published: October 2019

Este trabajo de investigación presenta un análisis de cómo construyen la voz de autor estudiantes universitarios de una titulación de grado. Desde el enfoque del metadiscurso se plantea como objetivo identificar y analizar los recursos y expresiones utilizadas y trazar la trayectoria a través de los cuatro cursos del programa formativo. Se trata de un estudio de tipo cualitativo que tiene como corpus 96 reseñas producidas por los estudiantes de los cuatro cursos de grado. Los resultados constatan que los informantes configuran una voz de autor neutra que ni valora los contenidos ni resulta persuasiva.
El diseño de un currículo multinivel a partir de la autopercepción del alumnado de magisterio: una mirada empoderadora
Authors: Rodrigo Moriche María Pilar
Published: October 2019

El trabajo que aquí se presenta parte de un proyecto de innovación donde un equipo interdepartamental de docentes de la Facultad de Formación de Profesorado y Educación de la Universidad Autónoma de Madrid se planteó la incorporación de la perspectiva multinivel en sus aulas a través de una propuesta metodológica donde los estudiantes fuesen agentes de la educación inclusiva. En este artículo, de manera concreta, se presenta el proceso de investigación llevado a cabo en el marco de la asignatura Didáctica General, donde se establecieron como objetivos principales favorecer la toma de consciencia del alumnado sobre la diversidad en sus estilos de aprendizaje, y adecuar la metodología docente según los criterios del currículo multinivel. A partir de una metodología exploratoria y aplicada se buscó un diseño curricular que permitiese personalizar el aprendizaje. Para ello se pasaron dos cuestionarios a 133 alumnos del Grado de Magisterio que permitió conocer su autopercepción, su nivel de empoderamiento, y su estilo y preferencias de aprendizaje. Como resultado se presenta una propuesta pedagógica con enfoque multinivel que pretende ser un referente empoderador capaz de propiciar aprendizajes coherentes entre la teoría y la práctica docente universitaria desde un planteamiento de inclusión de máximos.
Prevalence of white coat hypertension amongst pregnant women admitted with high BP recordings in ante-natal clinic
Authors: Sood Sandeep , Ashta Kuldeep Kumar , Anne Sirisha , Kumar Ravi
Published: October 2019

Background: White coat hypertension (WCH) is a common and well recognized phenomenon with significant prevalence amongst all age groups. This is also quite prevalent in the pregnant women with an intermediate long term prognosis between hypertensive and normo-tensive individuals. It is important to assess the true prevalence WCH in pregnant women and to prevent unnecessary medications to them during pregnancy but at the same time to keep a timely follow up and a watchful eye on these patients to identify complications at the earliest. Study was conducted at a peripheral secondary level hospital with a small obstetrics and gynecology OPD and ward. 54 patients were diagnosed to be hypertensive in Antenatal Clinic.Methods: All pregnant women who presented to the ANC were screened for hypertension. Those who were diagnosed to be hypertensive in antenatal clinic and these patients were then admitted for Ambulatory Blood Pressure Monitoring (ABPM) for 24 hours.Results: The ABPM tracings were checked and tabulated to arrive at the final diagnosis after 24 hrs. The prevalence of ‘WCH’ in this study was 48.15% as 26/54 patients were found to have their average BP < 140/90 mmHg after measurement by ABPM over 24 hours so they were diagnosed as ‘White Coat Hypertension’ patients.Conclusions: Many women who come to ANC in the early pregnancy are diagnosed to have hypertension. WCH is a well known phenomenon in pregnancy. WCH must be ruled out prior to starting these patients on anti-hypertensive medications.
A study of maternal risk factors and the perinatal outcome in meconium stained amniotic fluid in central referral hospital
Authors: Niranjan Kapil Singh , Lucksom Pesona Grace
Published: October 2019

Background: Meconium staining of amniotic fluid (MSAF) is a significant risk factor for the subsequent development of meconium aspiration syndrome (MAS), respiratory distress and eventual respiratory failure in neonates. To learn more about the risk factors and outcomes associated with MSAF, a prospective case control study was conducted. The objective of the study was to study various maternal risk factors associated with MSAF and to study the outcome of neonates born through MASF and to compare the perinatal outcome in patients with thick and thin meconium stained amniotic fluid.Methods: A hospital based prospective case control study was conducted comparing pregnant women with meconium stained (cases) amniotic fluid with pregnant women having clear liquor (control), 200 in each arm. Singleton pregnancies complicated with MASF were included in the cases group on the basis of predefined inclusion criteria. Various risk factors, mode of delivery, outcome of neonates and perinatal outcome in babies born through thick and thin meconium stained amniotic fluid was studied.Results: Out of 200 patients who had MSAF 114 patients (57%) had thick meconium stained liquor while remaining 86 patients (43.00%) had thin meconium stained amniotic fluid. Post-maturity, pregnancy induced hypertension; oligohydramnios and prolonged labor were found to be statistically significant risk factors for MSAF. Nonreactive non-stress test and Need for cesarean section was more common in women with MSAF as compared to women with clear liquor (p <0.05). Common morbidities in neonates were Birth asphyxia (15%) followed by meconium aspiration syndrome (10%) and hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy (15%).Conclusions: Meconium stained amniotic fluid is more commonly associated with post-maturity, pregnancy induced hypertension, oligohydramnios and prolonged labor low APGAR score and higher incidence of birth asphyxia and NICU admissions. Appropriate management of neonates with meconium aspiration syndrome is crucial to prevent neonatal mortality.
African experience of hysterosalpingography abnormalities tubes management by laparoscopy in infertile women
Authors: Fanny Mohamed , Aka Edele , Konan Perel , Olou Luc , Koffi Abdoul K. , Adjoussou Stephane , Seni Konan , Horo Apollinaire , Kone Mamourou
Published: October 2019

Background: Infertility affects about 80 million people worldwide and one in ten couples. The objective of this study was to report our experience of the contribution of laparoscopy in the diagnostic and prognostic approach of fallopian tubes pathology in infertile women in sub-Saharan Africa.Methods: We conducted a retrospective study in the Gynecology and Obstetrics unit of Yopougon Teaching Hospital over a 2-year period (January 1, 2017 to December 31, 2018) which included 49 cases of tubo-peritoneal infertility diagnosed by hysterosalpingography (HSG) then laparoscopy procedure.Results: The average age was 33 years old.  30.6 % were single. 75% had secondary infertility. 59.2% had a medical history of abortion. Pelvic Inflammatory Disease and pelvic surgery accounted 84.2% and 49 respectively. Laparoscopy showed a predominance of distal tubal damage (66.6%) whose 47% hydrosalpinx. Bilateral tubal patency was demonstrated in 77.5% of our patients during laparoscopy procedure. We observed a sensitivity, a specificity, and a concordance laparoscopy / HSG of 63.6%, 80% 63.1% respectively. Laparoscopy also allowed therapeutic procedures such as adhesiolysis or tubal plasty in 22 patients (44.89% of our cases). At the end of laparoscopy procedure, 35 patients (71.42%) were turned towards IVF.Conclusions: Laparoscopy allows an assessment of tubal abnormalities revealed by hysterosalpingography and the fertility prognostic as well as better therapeutic approach in management of tubal infertility.
Maternal and perinatal outcomes in women with first trimester vaginal bleeding
Authors: Suganya K. , Subbarayan Latha Maheswari
Published: October 2019

Background: First trimester bleeding is one of the common complications during pregnancy which affects almost 16-25% of all pregnancies. To evaluate and ascertain the adverse maternal and perinatal outcomes in pregnant women presenting with first trimester vaginal bleeding.Methods: Prospective case-control study. A case control study involving 60 pregnant women with vaginal bleeding in the first 13 weeks + 6 days of gestational age with 60 matched controls. The study period was from March 2015 to March 2016 and conducted at PSG Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu.Results: The complications seen in the study group were: first trimester abortion (16.7%), second trimester abortion (6.7%), preterm labour (25%), abruption (6.7%), neonatal intensive care admission (25%), ectopic (6.7%), IUGR (10%), IUD (1.7%) and PROM (8.3%). When compared with the parity matched controls there was statistically significant increase in first and second trimester abortions, preterm labour, abruption, NICU admission and ectopic pregnancy whereas there was no significant difference between the two groups with regard to intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) and intrauterine death (IUD).Conclusions: Women with first trimester vaginal bleeding had several adverse outcomes in both the mother and the fetus, and it is very important to explain about the possibility of these outcomes and ensure proper follow up with close antenatal surveillance.
Study of gynecological health of women with disabilities
Authors: Joshi Prajakta Ganesh , Joshi Ganesh Arun
Published: October 2019

Background: In routine gynaecological practice, women with disabilities are rarely seen. The available literature regarding gynaecological and obstetric issues of women with disabilities is scanty. Hence this study was designed on women with disabilities participating.Methods: History and examination findings regarding gynaecological problems of 30 participants were collected.Results: Results show that two third of the participants had normal menses while others had dysmenorrhea, oligomenorrhea, premenstrual syndrome, menorrhagia, infective vaginitis and urinary tract infection. 11 participants were married, out of which 2 had infertility. None of the participants had clinical findings suggestive of breast or cervical cancer. These findings are compared with available studies of similar type.Conclusions: This study concludes recommending the need of special camps for women with disabilities with Gynaecologist on the panel.
Predictors of poor maternal and perinatal outcome among singleton maternal delivery referral cases to the obstetrics unit of a tertiary health facility in Port Harcourt, Nigeria
Authors: Awoyesuku Peter A. , Mac Pepple Dagogo A.
Published: October 2019

Background: The high maternal and perinatal mortality rates in Nigeria continue to be issues of concern. That antenatal care improves both perinatal and maternal outcomes is now well established. The study seeks to identify the predictors of poor maternal and perinatal outcome among singleton maternal delivery cases referred to Rivers State University Teaching Hospital (RSUTH).Methods: A longitudinal study was employed; the patients referred to RSUTH were followed up to ascertain maternal and neonatal outcomes. A sample size of 460 was used. Selection of cases was done by systematic sampling. Data obtained in the study were demographic, obstetric and perinatal findings. Maternal and perinatal outcome were dichotomized into poor and good outcomes. Bivariate and multivariate analyses were performed using SPSS version 20.0.Results: A total of 460 cases were recruited. The mean age±SD was 28.7±4.6 years. There was poor maternal outcome in 65 (14.1%) and poor perinatal outcome in 291 (63.3%). There was one maternal death (rate 0.2%), perinatal mortality rate was 26.5%, low birth-weight rate was 6.3% and asphyxia rate was 23.3%. There is an association of multiparity and unbooked status with poor maternal outcome, while poor perinatal outcome was influenced by unbooked status.Conclusions: Perinatal and maternal mortality were high amongst all referral cases. There is a positive correlation of multiparity with poor maternal outcome and between unbooked status and an increased risk of both maternal and perinatal adverse outcomes.
Evaluation of endometrial thickness with transvaginal ultrasonography in perimenopausal women presenting with abnormal uterine bleeding and correlation with its histopathological findings
Authors: Begum Noor Ayesha , H. C. Lokesh Chandra , Pukale Ravindra S.
Published: October 2019

Background: Abnormal uterine bleeding is the most common presenting menstrual complaint in women of perimenopausal age group. Most frequently used diagnostics tests to investigate the causes of abnormal bleeding are Transvaginal ultrasonography (TVS) and endometrial biopsy. Uterine curettage is an invasive procedure and is performed with anaesthesia. TVS is a non-invasive method that has been used to evaluate the endometrium and uterine cavity. The objectives of this study were to measure and evaluate the role and accuracy of endometrial thickness by transvaginal ultrasonography study to detect endometrial pathology in perimenopausal women presenting with Abnormal Uterine Bleeding. To correlate the transvaginal sonographic results with the Histopathological findings to discriminate normal from pathological endometrium.Methods: Prospective study including 150 perimenopausal women with abnormal uterine bleeding. Endometrial thickness was measured by TVS and then D and C was performed for all the patients.Results: Out of 150 women, 128 (85.3%) had normal and 22 (15%) had an abnormal endometrium. 43.3% were of 41-45 years and 65.3% patients presented with complaint of heavy menstrual bleeding. Majority of the patients in the study group were para 2 or more. Fibroid uterus (24%) was the commonest uterine pathology detected on TVS. 53.3% of patients had endometrial thickness in the range 10-14.9 mm. Most common finding on HPE was secretory endometrium (44.6%). Endometrial carcinoma was found in 3%. Endometrial thickness <14mm was associated with least abnormal endometrial pathology.Conclusions: Endometrial thickness of less than 14 mm need not be indicated for D and C in perimenopausal abnormal uterine bleeding. In perimenopausal women with AUB, TVS should be the investigation of choice due to its convenience, accuracy and non- invasiveness.
Autoamputation of the ovary: a rare consequence of torsion in a mature cystic teratoma
Authors: Shah Nitin H. , Joshi Aditi V. , Pilankar Amit , Pilankar Shweta
Published: October 2019

Autoamputation of the ovary may be a result of longstanding infarction resulting from torsion of the ovarian pedicle. This entity may be confused with an ectopic or supernumerary ovary.  A proper detailed history taking is important to provide clues for diagnosis. We report a case of a young female patient diagnosed with autoamputation of unilateral ovary on laparoscopy, with histopathology confirmation of ovary with dermoid cyst.
Misplaced intra uterine devices: a rare case of vaginal entrapment
Authors: Grover Anshul , Mehta Sumita , Mann Ankita
Published: October 2019

Intra uterine devices (IUD) are the second most common accepted methods of contraception worldwide after sterilization. It is a long acting reversible contraceptive (LARC) which is now being promoted as a simpler, safer and effective method of contraception for those women who do not want a permanent method of contraception. Missing thread is the most common complaint seen within 6 weeks of insertion and may be the only presentation of misplaced IUD. Most women who spontaneously expel the IUD are unaware of the situation. We are presenting a case of misplaced IUD which was partially expelled and got embedded in the vagina which is a rare site of misplaced IUD.
Sirenomelia, the mermaid baby: a case report
Authors: Joshi Reetika , Duomai Veino Kuveio , Sangma Bianchi
Published: October 2019

Sirenomelia sequence or mermaid syndrome is a rare congenital structural anomaly characterized by different degrees of fusion of lower limbs, thoracolumbar spinal anomalies, sacrococcygeal agenesis, genitourinary and anorectal atresia. The incidence of sirenomelia is 0.8-1 cases/ 105 births with male to female ratio being 3:1. A malformations patient with 40 weeks of gestation admitted with complaints of decreased fetal movements for one week. An emergency C-section was done in view of term pregnancy with severe oligohydramnios and intrauterine growth restriction with poor bishop’s score. A 1.9 kg live baby with fused lower limbs was delivered. The new born baby had narrow chest, fused both lower limbs and feet with 11 toes, small rudimentary external genitalia, imperforate anus and single umbilical artery. The baby also had features of potter’s facies including low set large ears, receding chin and prominent infraorbital folds. Sirenomelia is a rare fatal congenital anomaly. Early detection by prenatal ultrasound will help in timely termination of pregnancy.
Tocophobia: overwhelming fear of pregnancy and childbirth
Authors: Donel Jissa
Published: October 2019

Pregnancy and childbirth are a major life process for women. Childbirth is an outstanding life event for every woman. It is considered as normal to experience concern or anxiety to a certain degree, as it can help women to make ready for childbirth. But, if the fear becomes paralyzing and terrifying, it can turn out to be physically and emotionally disabling and give rise to a specific pathology termed as tocophobia. The aim of the present article is to analyze the tocophobic condition and to give a brief overview of the possible approaches currently available to mitigate the tocophobic condition.