bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Impact of the QED corrections to the pion and kaon valence quark distribution functions: The valon model predictions
Authors: Ghaffarian Akram , Taghavi-Shahri Fatemeh , Mottaghizadeh Marzieh , Shoeibi S.
Published: December 2024

This paper presents a study on the valence parton distribution functions (PDFs) of the pion and the kaon, which plays a crucial role in understanding the structure and interactions of hadrons. The study utilizes the valon model, which assumes that each hadron consists of two or three valence quarks, each carrying a fraction of the hadron’s momentum. The valence PDFs of the pion and the kaon are calculated at a low initial scale and then evolved to higher scales using the QCD and the QED [Formula: see text] QCD Dokshitzer–Gribov–Lipatov–Altarelli–Parisi (DGLAP) evolution equations in Mellin space. A comparison is made between the obtained results and other theoretical and experimental data, demonstrating the predictive power of our approach for the pion and kaon PDFs in the context of the large hadron collider (LHC) as well. Furthermore, it is discovered that the pion valence PDFs moments agree with other phenomenological methods at different scales, indicating the consistency and reliability of our method.
Nonreciprocal transmission in a spinning resonator coupled to a three-level atom
Authors: Ye Xiao Wan , Liu Wei Long , Qiu De-Xiu , Zhang Ying Qiao , Jin Xing Ri
Published: December 2024

In this paper, we propose a scheme to theoretically study the optical nonreciprocal transmission in a hybrid system consisting of a spinning resonator and a three-level atom driven by a strong classical field. The research results show that interaction between atom and cavity modes brings about the multiple transmission bands. When the resonator rotates at a certain speed, nonreciprocal transmission occurs in multiple frequency bands. Moreover, by adjusting some parameters, such as Sagnac–Fizeau shift, Rabi frequency, coupling strengths between atom and cavity modes, as well as coupling strength between two cavity modes, the positions and widths of nonreciprocal transmission bands can be controlled effectively.
Invariants of the Quantum Graph of Partial Trace
Authors: Paupa Wojciech , Sołtan Piotr M.
Published: December 2024

We compute the independence number, zero-error capacity, the values of Lovász function and the quantum Lovász function for the quantum graph associated to the partial trace quantum channel [Formula: see text].
Active–Passive Hybrid Effects of Nonlinear Damping on Chatter Suppression of a Piezoelectric Composite Bar in Boring Operation
Authors: Zhang Jinfeng , Jia Junlei , Feng Chao , Ren Yongsheng , Zhong Peisi , Cao Xiaolong
Published: December 2024

An active and passive control method is presented to suppress chatter vibrations of the spinning and cylindrical composite boring bar by combining the cutting process damping derived from indentation effect with piezoelectric damping stemmed from Macro Fiber Composite (MFC). The kinetic, potential and electrical energies of the composite boring bar based on the continuous distributed function are established by taking the constitutive relations of piezoelectric materials and the derivative feedback algorithm into account. Introducing the viscoelastic, the hysteretic, the process damping forces, the electrical field as well as cutting forces subjected to the boring process system and forming the virtual work of the non-conservative forces, a final nonlinear equation of motion is derived by utilizing extended Hamilton’s principle and Galerkin procedure. Afterward, the dynamic responses of composite boring bar are derived by using the method of multiple time scales. The proposed approach is validated by comparing the present results with those related papers. A combined model considering process damping effect and feedback gain is also confirmed. The influences of machining, internal and external damping and control parameters on vibration response and process stability of the novel composite boring bar are investigated and discussed. The nonlinear model proposed in this paper can assist in achieving optimal design for composite boring bar and improve the machinability of boring process.
Spiral Rod–Mass 3D Phononic Metamaterial with Tunable Low and Ultra-Wide Bandgap
Authors: Du Yikun , Akbar Muhammad Ayaz , Zhang Zhaosong , Kalaida Tamara , Qin Qing-Hua
Published: December 2024

Elastic metamaterials, renowned for their ability to control elastic waves, have garnered widespread scholarly attention in recent years. In the field of bandgap engineering, designing the unit cell structure of an elastic metamaterial focuses on achieving a lower opening frequency and a higher relative bandwidth for the first local resonance bandgap (LRBG), while maintaining practical structural considerations. This study explores the effect of the spiral rod on the relative bandwidth of the first LRBG and proposes a spiral rod–mass 3D unit cell structure (SMS). Numerical band structure calculations reveal that the corresponding metamaterial possesses an LRBG with an exceptionally low frequency and a relative bandwidth of 150%. Furthermore, the analysis demonstrates that the opening and closing frequencies of the first LRBG in the proposed SMS can be adjusted independently, enriching the bandgap characteristics of the structure. To achieve this, we develop a scheme to independently adjust the opening and closing frequencies of the first LRBG by modifying the two parameters individually without affecting the static effective stiffness of the structure. The SMS unit cell and corresponding meta-structure are fabricated using 3D printing. The transmission spectrum is analyzed through numerical calculations and vibration experiments. These results confirm the isolation of elastic waves within the bandgap. Finally, quasi-static compression tests are performed on the 3D-printed samples. The results demonstrate that the SMS has an acceptable static effective stiffness, further validating its practical potential.
Transverse Free Vibration of Non-Uniform Beams With Exponentially Varying Cross-Sections
Authors: Zhou Hongyue , Huang Jiachen , Fu Yifeng
Published: December 2024

Non-uniform beam structures are widely applied in various engineering fields, and the accurate estimation of modal parameters is significant to the design and optimization of non-uniform beams. This work aims to investigate the transverse free vibration of non-uniform beams with exponentially varying rectangular and circular cross-sections. When solving the governing equations for non-uniform beams in transverse free vibration, utilizing the Adomian Decomposition Method (ADM) can achieve semi-analytical expressions for natural frequencies and modal shape functions. To verify the efficiency of ADM, comparisons are made among the results obtained by the present proposed method, previous studies, the Finite-Element-Method (FEM) model and the experimental modal testing. Variations of natural frequencies and modal shapes under representative constraint boundary conditions are illustrated considering the effects of exponential factors. The results indicate that the modal parameters of non-uniform beams depend on the exponential factors significantly. Especially, for non-uniform beams with varying rectangular cross-sections, the exponential factor of the thickness direction has a greater impact on the modal parameters compared to the width direction. In addition, the positions of modal nodes and antinodes in non-uniform beams will shift compared to uniform beams due to the exponential non-uniformity.
Study on Characteristics of Aeolian Vibration of Conductor Lines Considering Coupling Between Conductor Motion and Vortex Excitation
Authors: Liu Jiaqiong , Yan Bo , Gao Yingbo , Zhang Xuyao , Pei Yongmao
Published: December 2024

Aeolian vibration of conductor lines is a fluid–structure coupling problem involving vortex excitation and conductor motion, however, few studies consider this coupling in their analyses. In this study, a nonlinear finite element (FE) method for aeolian vibration of the conductor line, in which the conductor line is discretized with three-dimensional (3D) beam elements and the coupling between the conductor motion and the vortex excitation is considered, is proposed. The fluctuating lift on the conductor induced by the oscillating wake vortex is presented by the van der Pol oscillator. The aerodynamic forces depending on the conductor’s moving state are determined by the van der Pol equation and applied to the conductor using a user-defined element (UEL) subroutine in ABAQUS. The numerical model is validated through a comparison of its results with field observation. By means of this validated numerical method, the aeolian vibrations of conductor lines are numerically simulated. The lock-in phenomenon is successfully reflected using the numerical method. Additionally, some important characteristics, such as the displacement response, phase difference between the lift and vertical displacement as well as the relation between the antinode amplitude and excitation frequency of aeolian vibration are analyzed. The necessity of taking into account the coupling between the conductor motion and the vortex excitation in the study of aeolian vibration is also analyzed. The maximum vibration amplitude obtained by the model without this coupling is approximately 20% of that obtained by the model with the coupling. This study provides valuable references for the design of transmission lines, as well as for the assessment and prevention of aeolian vibration in conductor lines.
Leveraging Large Language Models for Speech De-Identification
Authors: Dhingra Priyanshu , Agrawal Satyam , Veerappan Chandra Sekar , Chng Eng Siong , Tong Rong
Published: December 2024

This paper presents a novel approach to address the scarcity of labeled data in speech de-identification, a critical task for protecting personal privacy. By leveraging a large language model, we propose a fully automated data augmentation strategy that generates synthetic speech text data enriched with diverse personally identifiable information (PII) entities. This augmented dataset is then used to train the speech-de-identification models, significantly improving its performance on spoken language. To further enhance de-identification accuracy, we explore both pipeline and end-to-end models. While the pipeline approach sequentially applies speech recognition and named entity recognition, the end-to-end model jointly learns these tasks. Our experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of our data augmentation strategy and the superiority of the end-to-end model in improving PII detection accuracy and robustness.
Dermoscopic Features of Cutaneous Endometriosis Arising in a Cesarean Scar: A Case Report
Authors: Yang Kevin , Saleh Karim
Published: December 2024

Cutaneous endometriosis is a rare manifestation of endometriosis, and few reports on its dermoscopic features have been published. In this case report, we present a 40‐year‐old female with cutaneous endometriosis arising in a caesarean scar, exhibiting unique and distinct dermoscopic features. The patient presented with a nodular, papillomatous growth in the right end of the scar, and dermoscopic examination revealed structureless red papillomatous projections, as well as nonpapillomatous areas with red dotted vessels surrounded by a white reticular network. A biopsy confirmed the diagnosis of endometriosis. To our knowledge, this is the first report of such dermoscopic features in cutaneous endometriosis arising in a caesarean scar. Our case report adds to the current limited knowledge of dermoscopic features of cutaneous endometriosis and may help in the diagnosis of this condition.
Aerobic Exercise Improves the Overall Outcome of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Among People With Mental Disorders
Authors: He Jiaxuan , Liu Fan , Xu Peiye , Xu Ting , Yu Haiyang , Wu Baihui , Wang Hanbing , Chen Jia , Zhang Kun , Zhang Junbei , Meng Kaikai , Yan Xiaoqing , Yang Qinsi , Zhang Xingxing , Sun Da , Chen Xia
Published: December 2024

The escalating global prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and mental disorder (MD) including schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, major depressive disorder, and anxiety highlights the urgency for comprehensive therapeutic strategies. Aerobic exercise (AE) is a viable adjunct therapy, providing significant benefits for individuals dealing with both T2DM and MD. This review consolidates evidence on AE’s role in alleviating the physiological and psychological effects of these comorbid conditions. It delves into the pathophysiological connections between T2DM and various MD, including depression, schizophrenia, anxiety, and bipolar disorder—emphasizing their reciprocal exacerbation. Key neurophysiological mechanisms through which AE confers benefits are explored, including neuroinflammation modulation, brain structure and neuroplasticity enhancement, growth factor expression regulation, and hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA)/microbiota–gut–brain (MGB) axis normalization. Clinical results indicate that AE significantly improves both metabolic and psychological parameters in patients with T2DM and MD, providing a substantial argument for integrating AE into comprehensive treatment plans. Future research should aim to establish detailed, personalized exercise prescriptions and explore the long‐term benefits of AE in this population. This review underscores the potential of AE to complement existing therapeutic modalities and enhance the management of patients with T2DM and MD.
Characteristic and Prognostic Value of Serum Bone Turnover Markers in Pregnant Women With Pre‐Eclampsia: A Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Yu Fan , Huang Xiaocui , Tang Yuanting , Zhang Yiduo , Li Qing , Jiang Yongmei
Published: December 2024

Background: Pre‐eclampsia is a severe pregnancy complication affecting about 4%–5% of pregnancies, but the causes and clinical management were full of controversial. Bone turnover markers (BTMs) were sensitive indicators for estimating bone metabolism and were found to be changed in many pregnancy‐related diseases. However, the characteristic and prognostic value of serum BTMs with pre‐eclampsia was uncovered.

Methods: A multicenter prospective cohort study was performed in three different hospitals in West China. Pre‐eclampsia patients and healthy pregnant women were recruited from January 2023 to January 2024. Clinical information of included participants was collected, and serum BTM levels were detected by electrochemiluminescence immunoassay. Clinical outcomes including disease aggravation (severe pre‐eclampsia, eclampsia, and HELLP syndrome), low live birth weight (LBW), and premature delivery were followed up.

Results: A total of 69 pre‐eclampsia patients and 75 healthy pregnant women were recruited finally, and 48 pre‐eclampsia patients and 48 healthy controls who matched for age and gestational weeks were selected among them. The pre‐eclampsia patients had elevated BTM levels compared with healthy controls. ß‐CTX was an independent risk factor for disease aggravation, LBW, and premature delivery among pre‐eclampsia patients. ß‐CTX was a valuable predictive factor for disease aggravation, LBW, and premature delivery among pre‐eclampsia patients (AUC were 0.772, 0.768, and 0.930, respectively, and p values were 0.001, 0.002, and < 0.001, respectively).

Conclusion: Pre‐eclampsia patients may have an activated bone metabolism status compared with healthy controls. Pre‐eclampsia patients with elevated bone resorptive marker ß‐CTX should pay more attention to the risk of disease aggravation and adverse pregnancy outcomes.
Nurse Leaders’ Motivational Forces in Developing a Health‐Promoting Work Environment: A Hermeneutic Study
Authors: Morvati Diako , Solbakken Rita , Vaag Jonas Rennemo , Hilli Yvonne
Published: December 2024

Background: The literature review highlights that a motivated leader plays a key role in motivating employees and fostering a health‐promoting work environment. Despite its importance, there is limited knowledge about the motivational forces, from a caring science perspective, that drive nurse leaders to develop a health‐promoting work environment.

Aim: This study aims to gain a deeper understanding of the motivational forces driving nurse leaders toward developing a health‐promoting work environment.

Method: A qualitative design with a hermeneutic approach inspired by Gadamer was chosen. Data were collected through semistructured interviews with 13 nurse leaders in northern Norway between December 2023 and February 2024. The Standards for Reporting Qualitative Research (SRQR) were followed in reporting the results.

Findings: The nurse leader’s motivational forces in developing a health‐promoting work environment imbued with an ethos of (1) sense of inner responsibility for promoting the wellbeing of others, (2) sense of trusting relationships in the workplace, (3) sense of mastery through learning and development, and (4) sense of recognition from superiors through being seen, supported, and involved.

Conclusion: This study highlights the importance of raising awareness and articulating nurse leaders’ underlying motives and values. Doing so transforms abstract concepts into tangible factors that stakeholders can grasp. In particular, this insight provides valuable guidance to politicians and decision‐makers on how to facilitate improved working conditions for nurse leaders, thereby maintaining and enhancing their motivation.

Implications for Nursing Leadership: The findings of this study recommend that superior leaders and policymakers should prioritize involving nurse leaders in decision‐making and promoting their autonomy and room for action. In addition, it suggests facilitating further education and training programs for leaders, as well as maintaining leadership networks where nurse leaders can reflect, exchange experiences, and address challenges.
Development and Healing Process of Severe Radiodermatitis in Patients With Head and Neck Cancer Undergoing Radiotherapy: A Scoping Review
Authors: Miyamae Nao , Imakata Yuko , Kunimitsu Mao , Oe Makoto
Published: December 2024

Aims: To summarize the morphological characteristics and development and healing processes of severe radiodermatitis for examining the factors contributing to the development of severe radiodermatitis in patients with head and neck cancer.

Methods: This scoping review was conducted in accordance with PRISMA extension for Scoping Reviews. Data were extracted from selected references describing detailed conditions of severe radiodermatitis in patients with head and neck cancer. The data were organized separately for radiotherapy, chemoradiotherapy, and bioradiotherapy.

Data Sources: Medline, PubMed, CINAHL, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials databases were used to search for papers from 2000 to December 2023.

Results: 11 out of 658 references met the criteria for this review. The morphological characteristics of severe radiodermatitis were categorized by symptoms, site, and shape, and a condition in which moist desquamations and associated crusts spreading to the anterior and lateral neck areas were extracted. In bioradiotherapy, the process of keratinocyte degeneration and formation of blisters under the epidermis leading to moist desquamations was extracted. In chemoradiotherapy, the process of epithelization was extracted 1 week following the occurrence of moist desquamations.

Conclusions: Moist desquamations are more likely to occur in severe radiodermatitis in patients with head and neck cancer. Since they can fuse and spread, preventative measures to mitigate spreading are important. However, there is insufficient information to examine the causes of widespread moist desquamations. For preventing moist desquamations and establishing care methods to heal moist desquamations, it may be necessary to identify the symptoms, site, and shape, including the color tone and depth, and healing process during their occurrence.
Reporte abreviado 2023 del Centro de Información Toxicológica Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile (CITUC)
Authors: Silva-Silva Lorena , Bettini-Silva Marli , Iturra-Montecinos Pablo , Medel-Jara Patricio , Solari-Gajardo Sandra , Ríos Bustamante Juan Carlos
Published: December 2024

Introducción: Las intoxicaciones son un problema de salud pública a nivel mundial debido a la variedad de sustancias involucradas. El Centro de Información Toxicológica de la Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, CITUC, fundado en 1992 en Chile, ha gestionado más de 730 mil emergencias toxicológicas. Conocer el perfil de las intoxicaciones y su evolución permite generar acciones de priorización, prevención e intervención. Método: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo transversal de los llamados recibidos en la central de emergencias de CITUC durante el 2023, usando el software CITUC SRL® para registro, extracción y análisis los datos. Resultados: En 2023, CITUC recibió 32.731 reportes. La mayoría provinieron de la Región Metropolitana. Quién llamó principalmente fueron médicos (71,6%). En cuanto a los pacientes, el 45,5% vincularon a adultos y el sexo predominante fue el femenino 63,3%. 50,6% correspondieron a intentos de suicidio destacando adultos y adolescentes, seguido de exposiciones accidentales (34,9%), en menores de 12 años. 51,5% casos se encontraban sobre rangos de toxicidad y el 60,3% presentaron síntomas al momento del llamado. Los agentes de mayor frecuencia fueron los medicamentos que alcanzaron el 77,7% destacando la quetiapina, paracetamol y clonazepam. En el segundo grupo de agentes se ubicaron los productos de aseo donde predominó el cloro doméstico. Conclusiones: CITUC desempeña un rol crucial en la gestión de emergencias toxicológicas en Chile, proporcionando datos vitales para disminuir morbimortalidad, contribuyendo a la salud pública y a las estrategias de prevención. Dado que la epidemiologia es dinámica, mostrando tendencias y escenarios que varían en el tiempo, es necesario mantener un seguimiento constante y mostrar datos periódicamente.
Avances y desafíos en el tratamiento de la insuficiencia hepática aguda
Authors: Idalsoaga-Ferrer Francisco , Díaz-Piga Luis Antonio , Arab-Verdugo Juan Pablo
Published: December 2024

La Insuficiencia Hepática Aguda (IHA) es un síndrome caracterizado por un deterioro grave de la función hepática en pacientes sin antecedentes de enfermedad hepática crónica (Kwong et al., 2019; Maiwall et al., 2024). En la mayoría de los casos, se produce una necrosis masiva de hepatocitos, aunque en patologías como el hígado graso agudo del embarazo, se pueden identificar otros hallazgos específicos como esteatosis microvesicular difusa con disfunción mitocondrial severa. Aunque la IHA es una entidad poco frequente en la población general, es una patología de gran importancia dada su elevada mortalidad, siendo el manejo de soporte en las unidades de paciente crítico y el trasplante hepático sus principales estrategias terapéuticas (Kwong et al., 2019).
Parental Consanguinity and Family History in Relation to Psoriasis and the Role of Sex: A Case-Control Study
Authors: AlKhas Alanood N. , Ziyab Ali H.
Published: December 2024

Introduction: Psoriasis is caused by an interplay between intrinsic and extrinsic factors. Parental consanguinity increases homozygosity in the genome of the offspring, which in turn increases disease risk. The association between parental consanguinity and psoriasis in the offspring remains unexplored. Therefore, this study sought to evaluate the association of parental consanguinity and family history with psoriasis in the offspring and to determine whether sex modulates the aforementioned associations. Methods: A case-control study enrolled adults aged 21 years and more. Psoriasis cases (n = 139) diagnosed by dermatologists were enrolled from dermatology clinics. Controls (psoriasis-free subjects; n = 278) were enrolled from workplaces. Study subjects reported information on parental consanguinity and family history of psoriasis. Logistic regression was applied to evaluate associations, and adjusted odds ratios (aOR) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated. Results: Cases compared to controls were more likely to report parental consanguinity (59.7% vs. 35.6%; p < 0.001) and family history of psoriasis (56.8% vs. 23.7%; p < 0.001). Both parental consanguinity (aOR: 2.13, 95% CI: 1.29–3.50) and family history of psoriasis (aOR: 3.43, 95% CI: 2.07–5.67) were associated with increased odds of having psoriasis. The observed association between parental consanguinity and psoriasis differed according to sex (pinteraction = 0.008), with parental consanguinity being associated with psoriasis among males (aOR: 5.96, 95% CI: 2.39–14.82), but not among females (aOR: 1.36, 95% CI: 0.75–2.49). Conclusion: Psoriasis cases compared to controls were significantly more likely to report parental consanguinity and family history of psoriasis, with parental consanguinity being associated with psoriasis among males only.
What Is New and Different in the 2024 European Society of Cardiology Guidelines for the Management of Elevated Blood Pressure and Hypertension?
Authors: McCarthy Cian P. , Bruno Rosa Maria , Rahimi Kazem , Touyz Rhian M. , McEvoy John W.
Published: December 2024

In 2024, the European Society of Cardiology released a new guideline for the management of elevated blood pressure (BP) and hypertension. The guideline introduced a new BP categorization: (1) nonelevated (office BP <120/70 mm Hg) for which drug treatment is not recommended, (2) elevated (120–139/70–89 mm Hg) for which drug treatment is recommended based on cardiovascular disease risk and follow-up BP level, and (3) hypertension (≥140/90 mm Hg) for which prompt confirmation and drug treatment are recommended in most individuals. The initial default systolic BP treatment target is 120 to 129 mm Hg; however, relaxed targets (BP as low as reasonably achievable) are recommended in case of treatment intolerance, adults ≥85 years, symptomatic orthostasis, moderate-to-severe frailty, or limited life expectancy. Here, we summarize what is new and different in the 2024 European Society of Cardiology guidelines, relative to other major international hypertension guidelines in Europe and America. Our aim is to reconcile any uncertainty clinicians may have about implementing these various guidelines in patient care.
A Rough Road from Transformation to Innovation
Authors: Karpińska Agnieszka
Published: December 2024

This article addresses the question of which specific features of European postcommunist transition societies determine their low innovation capacity. It suggests that such factors as social organisation, institutional set-up and public trust must be considered alongside economic analyses of innovation. The author draws the conclusion that the dominant pattern of social collaboration in postcommunist countries is close and informal group ties. Though homogenous and tightly knit groups create a safe environment for its participants, they scarcely boost innovative attitudes. The empirical results revised in the text suggest that, in postcommunist countries, the high level of human capital does not translate into social capital and innovation policy in these countries imitates pitfalls of developed countries such as overestimation of the influence of R&D activity on innovation activity.
Discrimination against Darker-Skinned Africans in Tunisia
Authors: Olomojobi Yinka , Abiodun-Oni Taiwo , Lalude Olalekan Moyosore
Published: December 2024

In the diverse and multifaceted social landscape of North Africa, particularly in Tunisia, racial and ethnic tensions have long been part of the region’s history. However, a more insidious form of discrimination has emerged, one that has received far less attention: intra-racial discrimination against darker-skinned Africans. This paper critically investigates the impact of unrestrained remarks and cultural relativism on intra-racial discrimination against darker-skinned Africans in Tunisia. The paper provides an in-depth understanding of the underlying factors that perpetuate colorism within Tunisia’s African community. The paper finds that cultural relativism has led to the normalisation of discriminatory practices, resulting in the marginalisation of darker-skinned Africans within their own communities, and that these practices are further exacerbated by the widespread acceptance of unrestrained remarks that reinforce harmful stereotypes and perpetuate internalised racism. Ultimately, the paper calls for a re-evaluation of the role of cultural relativism in perpetuating intra-racial discrimination and urges the implementation of policies and programmes that promote inclusivity and challenge discriminatory attitudes. By addressing the root causes of colorism and advocating for systemic change, the research contributes to the ongoing discourse surrounding race, identity, colorism and discrimination in Tunisia and beyond. This paper will delve into the historical background of colourism and the contemporary manifestations of this form of discrimination in Tunisia. It will explore the role of language, media, and education in perpetuating harmful stereotypes and discuss the implications of cultural relativism on the persistence of intra-racial discrimination against darker-skinned Africans. Furthermore, it will examine the legal and policy frameworks in place to combat discrimination and identify areas for improvement. By shedding light on this complex and under-researched issue, this study aims to contribute to the ongoing discourse on race, ethnicity, and identity in North Africa and beyond.
The Angolan System of Cities in Late Portuguese Colonialism: Demography, Economy, and Policy
Authors: Tjarks Daniel
Published: December 2024

Late Portuguese colonialism (1945–1975) was a formative period for Angola’s urban system. Viewing Angola’s cities from the bird’s-eye perspective of urbanisation history, an underexplored angle in Angolan historiography, reveals how the colony’s integration in the global economy, belated Portuguese development efforts, and the colonial war shaped not only individual places but also their interrelationships and functional differentiation within Angola’s system of cities.
Cape Verdean Construction Workers in Lisbon (1961–1974): Politics of Ambiguity in the Last Phase of Estado Novo
Authors: Sampaio Catarina
Published: December 2024

In the 1960s and 1970s, Portugal experienced a significant expansion in the field of construction, particularly in public buildings and infrastructures such as the bridge over the River Tagus, the Lisbon underground, and the Olivais housing complex. However, mass recruitment for the colonial war (1961–1974) and emigration to Europe led to a shortage of manpower in Portugal. To complete its infrastructure projects, the government encouraged the migration of Cape Verdean men to work in the construction industry. To manage this migratory movement of workers, the government established the Núcleo de Apoio aos Trabalhadores Migrantes Cabo-verdianos (Nucleus of Support for Migrant Workers from Cape Verde) in January of 1971, to ensure adequate living conditions for those arriving from Cape Verde for this purpose. This article explores the ambiguous nature of that governmental tool. The Government appeared to adopt strategies that both supported and discouraged this flow of migrant workers. Thus, this paper examines: (a) how this mediation tool was used to obscure the Portuguese government’s ambivalence towards Cape Verdeans immigration to Lisbon; (b) how its operational methods contributed to the invisibility of the Cape Verdean workers and to the perpetuation of the precariousness of their living conditions.
Islamists and the Religious Field: (Non-)Transformations of the Religious Institutions in Post-Revolutionary Tunisia
Authors: Mutlu Bedirhan Erdem
Published: December 2024

This article questions the impact of an Islamist party’s ascent to power on the state-run religious institutions through a case study of Tunisia. Literature highlights that pre-existing institutional entanglements between religion and modern states in the mena region provide the Islamists with a chance to launch a state-led project of religious revival. However, Tunisia after the 2011 Revolution presents a “negative case” where Ennahda Movement was unable to capitalize on their position in government to control, empower, or transform religious institutions due to both the democratic power balance in the country and the movement’s strategic choices. Only one major institution, Zitouna University, experienced restructuring and expansion, allying itself with Ennahda thanks to increased institutional autonomy and Bourdieusian field dynamics. These findings suggest that government by Islamists doesn’t necessarily lead to top-down restrengthening of religious authorities, but certain institutions can still form strategic alliances with the Islamists at the bottom.
Wonder and Environment in al-Jazarī’s Technology
Authors: de Miranda Adriana
Published: December 2024

A medieval water-raising device is located in the courtyard of a family house in an ancient area of Damascus. The design of this machine is based upon a project for a hydraulic ḥīla (automata) described in the book of engineering that Ismail ibn al-Razzāz al-Jazarī completed in 602/1206, known to the architect of the device through the copying of al-Jazarī’s manuscript. The machine was built for raising water, from the Yazīd river up to the al-Qaymarī hospital. Previous research has addressed its functional qualities and produced literature that is comprehensive and diverse. However, the present study deals with the analysis of this hydraulic structure to highlight the distinctive feature with respect to al-Jazarī’s description and to its intrinsic resilience in adapting a small-scale project of a playful instrument to an innovative water-raising machine for utilitarian purposes.
Seen from Below. Five Biographes from al-Ḫaṭīb al-Baġdādī’s Taʾrīḫ Baġdād
Authors: Capezzone Leonardo
Published: December 2024

Narratology seems to offer an analytical tool capable of shedding light on the way in which al-Ḫaṭīb al-Baġdādī (d. 463/1071) chooses and arranges the vast reserve of ḫabars to compose the biographies that give life to his Taʾrīḫ Baġdād. Following Gerard Genette’s notion of narrative instance, we can observe that in the biographies collected by al-Ḫaṭīb always lies a creative tension that guides the author in the choice and juxtaposition of every single ḫabar relating to the biographee, capable of visualizing the peculiar space in which every character moves, and bringing out a singular relationship of expectation and cooperation between author and reader. Al-Ḫaṭīb’s narrative strategies establish one or more levels of the impact that the biographed character had on the city of Baghdad, on its urban life, and on the ideological depth that animates public opinion.

The five biographies examined – al-Ḫayzurān, al-Maʾmūn, Aḥmad b. Ḥanbal, Ibn Sallām and Isḥāq al-Naḫaʿī – are intended to be a small but relevant sample of the creative use of the ḫabar in al-Ḫaṭīb’s (and then in an Islamic) particular conception of the history of a city.
Make-see: Baššār b. Burd’s Blindness as a Narrative Prosthesis in the Aġānī
Authors: Pozzoli Federico
Published: December 2024

The article looks at the biographical profile of the early Abbasid poet Baššār b. Burd in the Kitāb al-Aġānī from the point of view of literary disability studies. Drawing from Mitchell and Snynder’s theory of the narrative prosthesis and al-Ṣafadī’s theoretical reflections on blindness, it asks how Baššār’s blindness influences his characterisation in the Aġānī. By investigating some humorous stories revolving around the poet’s (mis)perception, the article argues that blindness allows the author to foreground focalisation as a source of narrative interest and poetic reflection.
The Language Legacy: Primary Sources and Corpus Planning in Classical Arabic
Authors: Olivieri Simona
Published: December 2024

This paper outlines the ideological dimensions of the codification process of Classical Arabic by discussing the role of primary sources in corpus planning. The contribution reflects on the ideology surrounding the language materials that served as the foundations for the grammar-making of Classical Arabic, emphasizing how sources are relevant for bearing linguistic value and historical significance while being particularly aligned with socio-cultural and religious values, thereby reflecting broader ideological considerations. By presenting current theoretical frameworks and assessing the state of the field, the paper highlights the essential role of extra-linguistic factors – such as social, cultural, and religious contexts – in shaping corpus planning strategies for Classical Arabic.
المتلازمات اللفظية العربية ذات المرجعية الإسلامية: قائمة معجمية تعليمية مبنية على مدونة محوسبة
Authors: العشيري محمود , ليفيتسكا ماجدالينا
Published: December 2024

الملخص

‫في ظل السعي إلى بناء سياق تعليمي للكفاءة بين-الثقافية والتواصل بين الثقافات واللغات في تعليم اللغة العربية واكتسابها، ما يتطلبه هذا من إعداد موارد لسانية معتبرة لمعدي المناهج والمقررات التعليمية يسعى هذا البحث إلى إعداد قائمة محوسبة للمتلازمات اللفظية ذات المرجعية الإسلامية، واقتراح منهجية لتصنيف معطيات هذه القائمة لا على أساس نمط التركيب أو بنيتها اللغوية أو جذر مفرداتها المركزية، وإنما على أساس آخر، يمكن البناء عليه في حقل تعليم/اكتساب اللغات، ييسر التعرف على أنواع المتلازمات اللفظية بعامة وييسر تعلمها، وليس فقط المتلازمات ذات المرجعية الإسلامية.‬

‫ومن ثم يعد الوصول إلى مثل هذا القائمة المرجوة في حد ذاته إنجازًا لتعليم اللغة العربية بعامة وتعليمها لأغراض خاصة (عربية الإسلام) على وجه الخصوص، بما يعين في بناء مقررات تعليم العربية للناطقين بغيرها، بما يعين في تقديم إجابات حول شيوع هذه المتلازمات وإتاحة الفرصة للنظر في تقدير أهميتها بالنسبة للمتعلم وصلاحية تقديمها له عند المستوى الذي يتعلم عنده، بعيدا عن الحدوس المفرطة. ومن ثم يعمل البحث، في محاولةٍ لحصر أوسع قائمة شائعة ممكنة، على العمل على إعداد قائمة محوسبة بالرجوع مدونة إسلامية مكونة من واحد وثمانين مليون كلمة، يتم عبرها حصر المتلازمات اللفظية حاسوبيًّا في قوائم، وينظر في تصنيفها يدويًّا في أنماط لسانية وظيفية معتبرة تناسب أغراض تعليم اللغة واكتسابها، بالإضافة إلى إعداد قائمة أخرى تقوم على الجمع اليدوي من المعاجم والكتب الإسلامية المتخصصة وكتب تدريس اللغة. وتظل القائمتان منفصلتان لأغراض المقارنة والبحث.‬
Rebels on the Caspian Coast and the ʿAlid Armies of Northern Iran: a Network Analysis of the Origins of the Buyids, Musafirids, and Ziyarids
Authors: Sagha Mohammad
Published: December 2024

The article studies the nature of alliance formation and war-making in Northern Iran during the period of ʿAlid governance (mid-3rd Hijri/9th Common Era century) and the subsequent emergence of three powerful Daylami dynasties (Ziyarids, Buyids, Musafirids). It charts how charismatic ʿAlid leaders and revolutionary Shiʿism empowered anti-status quo Daylami elites and rearranged power coalitions to defeat both pro-status quo local Daylami powers and extra-regional opponents such as the Abbasids. Utilizing social network analysis and drawing on original Arabic and Persian primary sources, this article provides two main contributions: (a) it introduces a theory of conflict and dynastic emergence for new Daylami dynasties and elite ʿAlid army officer networks; and (b) it re-visits the academic literature about 50 years after the last publication of the main influential articles and centers new advances in social network analysis as well as scholarship of academics in the Middle East in the intervening half-century.
Exploring Gulf Manumission Documents with Word Vectors
Authors: Kirmizialtin Suphan , Wrisley David Joseph
Published: December 2024

In this article we analyze a corpus related to manumission and slavery in the Arabian Gulf in the late nineteenth- and early twentieth-century that we created using Handwritten Text Recognition (HTR). The corpus comes from India Office Records (IOR) R/15/1/199 File 5. Spanning the period from the 1890s to the early 1940s and composed of 977K words, it contains a variety of perspectives on manumission and slavery in the region from manumission requests to administrative documents relevant to colonial approaches to the institution of slavery. We use word2Vec with the WordVectors package in R to highlight how the method can uncover semantic relationships within historical texts, demonstrating some exploratory semantic queries, investigation of word analogies, and vector operations using the corpus content. We argue that advances in applied computer vision such as HTR are promising for historians working in colonial archives and that while our method is reproducible, there are still issues related to language representation and limitations of scale within smaller datasets. Even though HTR corpus creation is labor intensive, word vector analysis remains a powerful tool of computational analysis for corpora where HTR error is present.
A Newly Discovered Jewish Persian Poet
Authors: Gilinsky David
Published: December 2024

A re-examination of a Bodleian manuscript reveals a heretofore unknown Jewish Iranian poet of the 1500s and his romantic mas̱navī work, as well as bringing into sharper focus the relevance of this manuscript to the preparation of critical editions for the other three works it attests.
wkl or hwkd: Reading the Legitimizing Title on the Sasanian King Walāsh Coin
Authors: Matloubkari Esmaeil
Published: December 2024

This research aims at investigating the reading of the legend on the coin of the Sasanian king Walāsh. The short-lived reign of Walāsh has been distinguished from his predecessors by placing a special legend on his coins. Previously, this legend was read as hwkl (hukar); but some numismatists and historians have invalidated that reading and presented a new one, hwkd (hu-kay). This article seeks to investigate which reading is valid. The author claims, that based on numismatic data, inscriptions, historical texts, and national history, the title of hukar, meaning benefactor, has an ancient background in religious and historical traditions that make its choice superior.
Multilingualism of Ukrainian Elites in the Seventeenth Century: The Case of Lazar Baranovych
Authors: Naienko Halyna
Published: December 2024

The article examines the multilingual practice of Lazar Baranovych in the context of the sociolinguistic situation of Ukraine in the early modern period. Multilingualism is inherent in border societies, including Ukrainian society in the seventeenth century, and the choice of language in each case depends on a combination of factors – religious, pragmatic, communicative, cultural, and artistic/stylistic. The study analyzes the phenomenon of codeswitching on the example of Baranovych’s own marginal notes, made in Polish, Ruthenian (prosta mova) and Church Slavonic. The Ukrainian recension of Church Slavonic reflects the influence of spoken Ukrainian, which can be traced in texts from the cultural centers in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth and later the Russian Empire. This is illustrated by the language of the collection of sermons Трубы на дни нарочитыя праздникɷвъ [Trumpets for Major Feast Days] (1674), which Lazar Baranovych could not publish in Moscow not only for political reasons but also because of the peculiarity of the language.
Inwencja retoryczna w poradniku „Tradycyjne uzdrawianie energią. Metody rosyjskiego uzdrowiciela”
Authors: Rybarczyk-Dyjewska Joanna
Published: December 2024

Rhetorical Invention in the Handbook Traditional Energy Healing: The Methods of a Russian Healer
The aim of this article is to present one of the elements of the composition of rhetorical texts on the example of a handbook by Vadim Tschenze, also known as the Shaman from Uzbekistan: Tradycyjne uzdrawianie energią: Metody rosyjskiego uzdrowiciela [Traditional Energy Healing: The Methods of a Russian Healer]. The analysis proceeds from the assumption that the primary goal of Tschenze’s publication is to convince the readers to follow the advice it contains. In order to “extract” the primary, persuasive function of the handbook, the present study applies the tools provided by rhetoric, i.e. the rules of preference described by Aristotle in his Topics. The principles in question refer to everyday logic and create space for argumentation through topical proof. The analysis conducted indicates that invention, i.e. the ability to carefully read reality (“find” thoughts), constitutes an important, rich element of the publication under scrutiny. The author of the handbook uses many different topoi, such as topos from definition, from the cause, or from the consequence. The analysis also records frequent use of various examples.
 
Inwencja retoryczna w poradniku Tradycyjne uzdrawianie energią. Metody rosyjskiego uzdrowiciela
Celem niniejszego artykułu jest prezentacja jednego z elementów kompozycji tekstów retorycznych na przykładzie poradnika Vadima Tschenze zwanego też Szamanem z Uzbekistanu: Tradycyjne uzdrawianie energią. Metody rosyjskiego uzdrowiciela. Analizę oparto na założeniu, że podstawowym celem omawianej publikacji jest przekonanie czytelników do stosowania się do zawartych w niej rad. Aby wydobyć podstawową, perswazyjną funkcję poradnika, w niniejszym opracowaniu zastosowano narzędzia, jakie daje retoryka, tj. reguły preferencji opisane przez Arystotelesa w jego Topikach. Reguły, o których mowa, odwołują się do logiki dnia codziennego i stwarzają przestrzeń do argumentacji za pomocą toposów. Przeprowadzona analiza wskazuje, że inwencja, czyli umiejętność uważnego czytania rzeczywistości („odnajdywania” myśli) stanowi ważny, bogaty element omawianej publikacji. Autor poradnika posługuje się rozmaitymi toposami, takimi jak topos z definicji, z przyczyny czy ze skutku. Analiza odnotowuje również częste stosowanie różnych przykładów.
Perinatal psychiatric emergencies in rural Australia: In urgent need of attention
Authors: Cribb Emma , Spring Breeanna , Galbally Megan , Gardiner Fergus , Coleman Mathew
Published: December 2024

Objectives:

The burden of perinatal mental illness is a significant global concern, affecting approximately 10–20% of women at this stage of life. It is well recognised that Rural Australia has far less health services and mental health specialists per capita than metropolitan regions. While women have more babies in rural settings, their access to maternal health care is conversely limited or absent. We highlight the urgent need for research, adaptation of clinical practice guidelines and service development to address the lack of specialist perinatal mental health services for women in rural Australia for emergency episodes of mental ill health in the perinatal period. While telehealth services have been utilised to bridge the gap in service provision, in this paper we articulate the need for innovative research to identify suitable and sustainable models of care in rural settings.

Conclusion:

Perinatal psychiatric emergencies represent a highly interventional area of psychiatry. Across the spectrum of psychiatric disorders, few can be attributed with such specificity in anticipated time of disease onset and severity of outcome. It is imperative that we address the lack of access to speciality perinatal psychiatric care for women who reside in rural Australia.
A Comprehensive Analysis of Labor Trafficking Cases in the United States: An 11-Year Review
Authors: Dominguez Ezequiel Y. , Sandal Megan E. , Pukalo Lauren M. , Roe-Sepowitz Dominique
Published: December 2024

Despite increasing attention to human trafficking since the Trafficking Victims Protection Act of 2000, knowledge gaps about labor trafficking remain. Issues such as legal inconsistencies, sector-specific vulnerabilities, and limited training for stakeholders hinder effective prosecution, often leading to outcomes that inadequately address the gravity of these crimes. While research has focused primarily on victims, less attention has been given to perpetrators. This exploratory study examines labor trafficking arrests from 2011 to 2022, using descriptive analysis to profile traffickers, assess control methods, and explore trends in criminal prosecution. Findings emphasize the need for targeted interventions, improved data collection, and standardized legal frameworks to better address labor trafficking in the U.S.