bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Modelling intumescent coatings for the fire protection of structural systems: a review
Authors: Lucherini Andrea , de Silva Donatella
Published: February 2024

Purpose

Intumescent coatings are nowadays a dominant passive system used to protect structural materials in case of fire. Due to their reactive swelling behaviour, intumescent coatings are particularly complex materials to be modelled and predicted, which can be extremely useful especially for performance-based fire safety designs. In addition, many parameters influence their performance, and this challenges the definition and quantification of their material properties. Several approaches and models of various complexities are proposed in the literature, and they are reviewed and analysed in a critical literature review.

Design/methodology/approach

Analytical, finite-difference and finite-element methods for modelling intumescent coatings are compared, followed by the definition and quantification of the main physical, thermal, and optical properties of intumescent coatings: swelled thickness, thermal conductivity and resistance, density, specific heat capacity, and emissivity/absorptivity.

Findings

The study highlights the scarce consideration of key influencing factors on the material properties, and the tendency to simplify the problem into effective thermo-physical properties, such as effective thermal conductivity. As a conclusion, the literature review underlines the lack of homogenisation of modelling approaches and material properties, as well as the need for a universal modelling method that can generally simulate the performance of intumescent coatings, combine the large amount of published experimental data, and reliably produce fire-safe performance-based designs.

Research limitations/implications

Due to their limited applicability, high complexity and little comparability, the presented literature review does not focus on analysing and comparing different multi-component models, constituted of many model-specific input parameters. On the contrary, the presented literature review compares various approaches, models and thermo-physical properties which primarily focusses on solving the heat transfer problem through swelling intumescent systems.

Originality/value

The presented literature review analyses and discusses the various modelling approaches to describe and predict the behaviour of swelling intumescent coatings as fire protection for structural materials. Due to the vast variety of available commercial products and potential testing conditions, these data are rarely compared and combined to achieve an overall understanding on the response of intumescent coatings as fire protection measure. The study highlights the lack of information and homogenisation of various modelling approaches, and it underlines the research needs about several aspects related to the intumescent coating behaviour modelling, also providing some useful suggestions for future studies.
From strategy to impact: how MNCs innovate their business models for social value in BoP contexts?
Authors: Vázquez-Pacho Mariana Guadalupe , Payaud Marielle A.
Published: February 2024

Purpose

This article examines the strategic actions of multinational corporations (MNCs) in creating social value at the base of the pyramid (BoP), providing insights into novel business models (BMs) and tactics employed for poverty alleviation.

Design/methodology/approach

This conceptual article links three relevant pieces of literature – creating shared value (CSV), the three-value creation logic and the three core values of social development – to analyze the current research and real-world examples of MNCs implementing the BoP BMs.

Findings

The article identifies four strategies and 11 tactics used by MNCs to adapt BMs elements (value proposition, value constellation and value capture) and generate social value at the different levels (coverture of basic needs, self-esteem and freedom from servitude) by following the distinct value creation logics (chain, shop and network).

Originality/value

This article provides a conceptual framework that links relevant literature and sheds light on the strategic actions that MNCs apply in their BMs to tackle the multidimensionality of poverty in the BoP markets.
Effect of interface layout design of a public library website on information-seeking experience for elderly people
Authors: Tang Zhichuan , Xu Xuan , Wang Feifei , Zhang Lekai , Zhu Min
Published: February 2024

Purpose

Targeting the common functions of the Zhejiang Library website, elderly individuals were invited to complete six experimental tasks on the improved website interfaces, and subjective data (PAD emotion scale and usability evaluation) and objective data (eye movement data) were recorded to verify the effects of graphic layout and navigation position on the information-seeking experience of elderly individuals.

Design/methodology/approach

This study analyzes the effect of the graphic layout and navigation position of the Zhejiang Library’s website interface on the emotional state, perceived usability and information-seeking time of elderly individuals, with the aim of providing guidance and suggestions for the elderly-oriented reform of the public library website.

Findings

The experimental results show that the graphic layout has a significant effect on the emotional state and perceived usability of elderly individuals, and the navigation position has a significant effect on the information-seeking time; the interaction between graphic layout and navigation position exerts a significant effect on the information-seeking time of elderly individuals. The eye movement data show that elderly individuals have a better information-seeking experience when the top navigation bar and image-text matched arrangement are used for the interface layout.

Originality/value

This study adopts a new approach combining subjective data and eye movement data to evaluate the effect of the public library website’s interface layout on the information-seeking experience for older people. The findings can provide a theoretical basis and methodological support for the elderly-oriented reform of public library websites. They can also provide scientific design suggestions for age-friendly interface layouts of other Internet products and service applications.
HR practices, service orientation and employee outcomes: a regulatory foci
Authors: Lin-Schilstra Li , Bai Yuntao , Lin Lan , Mo Changwei
Published: February 2024

Purpose

Understanding employees’ multi-dimensional motivations is at the core of realizing the potential of a well-designed human resource (HR) system. This study aims to investigate whether the effects of HR practices on employee motivations, and their performance would be dependent on the service orientation of HR department.

Design/methodology/approach

The authors collected data in two surveys: a pilot survey and a main survey with a two-wave design. The pilot survey with 93 respondents was to verify the newly developed HR service orientation scale. In the main survey, a total of 276 supervisor-subordinate pairs from 48 companies were valid for analysis.

Findings

The authors find support for their hypothesis that promotion-oriented motivation mediates the relationship between discretionary HR practices and employee outcomes [in-role performance and organizational citizenship behavior (OCB)]. Furthermore, the indirect effect of discretionary HR practices on employee outcomes is stronger when the HR service orientation is higher. Transactional HR practices, however, are not evidenced to relate to employee prevention-focused motivation and outcomes.

Practical implications

The findings illustrate a comprehensive process of HR practices on employees’ multi-dimensional motivations. High service skills of HR professionals in handling internal employees’ needs could amplify employees’ promotion-focused motives, which in turn increase their in-role performance and OCB.

Originality/value

In sum, the authors' study contributes to both human resource management (HRM) and employee motivation literature by demonstrating the different impacts of discretionary and transactional HR practices on employees’ motivations. In addition, by revealing HR service orientation as an important contingency factor, the authors shed greater light on when and how HR practices can motivate employees.
Perceived neighborhood walkable environment, neighborhood interaction and mental health among residents of different age groups: a case study in Shanghai, China
Authors: Sun Ning , Peng Yuhan , Lu Yingchen , Liu Wanting , Zheng Zhenhua
Published: February 2024

Purpose

This study aims to investigate the relationships between the perceived neighborhood walkable environment (PNWE), neighborhood interaction (NI) and residents’ mental health, with a focus on examining differences among residents of different age groups.

Design/methodology/approach

Using an electronic survey questionnaire, data on PNWE, NI and mental health were collected from 1,159 residents across 205 communities in Shanghai, China. Our study utilized a structural equation modeling (SEM), employing the maximum likelihood estimation method. The structural equation model was fitted using the MPLUS software.

Findings

The mental health of young and middle-aged adults is generally poor, and they are at higher risk of depression than children and older adults. The effects of PNWE and NI on the mental health of residents varied among different age groups. As residents get older, their mental health is more affected by the PNWE. In addition, the influence of the PNWE on children and older adults’ mental health is direct and not mediated by NI. For young and middle-aged adults, the influence of the PNWE on their mental health needs to be mediated by NI.

Originality/value

This study marks the first examination of the relationship between PNWE, NI and mental health among different age groups of residents in China. The findings of this research can assist policymakers in gaining a deeper understanding of the underlying mechanisms by which PNWE affects mental health. Furthermore, it can contribute to the development of more targeted walkable environment designs aimed at enhancing mental health among various age groups.
The impact of social media marketing activities on customer purchase intention: a study of the property industry in Malaysia
Authors: Ho Li Shee , Zakaria Nadisah Binti , Foo Siong Min
Published: February 2024

Purpose

This study investigates the impact of social media marketing activities on customer purchase intention in the Malaysian property market.

Design/methodology/approach

The study utilises a survey research approach to collect data from 331 respondents using a questionnaire.

Findings

The findings of the study reveal that entertainment, interaction, customisation and word-of-mouth variables had a significant and positive impact on customer purchase intention in the Malaysian property market. However, the study demonstrates a positive but insignificant impact of trendiness on customer purchase intention.

Research limitations/implications

First, the study relies on a sample of 331 respondents in Malaysia, which may limit the generalizability of the findings to a broader population. Hence, future research could aim for a more extensive and diverse sample to enhance the validity of the results. Second, while the study identified significant relationships, the measurement of variables, in particular “trendiness,” could be refined for better accuracy. The future study may consider including a more precise measurement to provide comprehensive insights.

Practical implications

The results suggest that marketers should focus on creating engaging and interactive content, providing personalised experiences and leveraging word-of-mouth recommendations to enhance customer purchase intention. The overall findings highlight the importance of social media marketing activities in the property market and their potential to drive customer purchase intention.

Social implications

The study contributes to the existing literature by shedding light on the role of social media marketing activities in influencing customer purchase intention in the Malaysian property market.

Originality/value

To the best of the authors’ knowledge, there is no similar studies have been conducted in this area of research.
To attract viewers based on batting strike rate: an analysis of men’s international Twenty20 cricket
Authors: Singh R.K. Renin , Sarangi Subrat
Published: February 2024

Purpose

This study explores match related factors and their impact on the batting strike rate in Twenty20 cricket – an aspect which can generate excitement and fan engagement in cricket matches.

Design/methodology/approach

Data was collected from www.cricinfo.com using a web scraping tool based on R programming from February 17, 2005, to October 25, 2022, numbering 4,221 men’s Twenty20 international innings featuring 41 national teams that had taken place in 85 venues across 11 countries of play. Hypothesis testing was conducted using one-way ANOVA.

Findings

The findings indicate that batters score faster in the first inning of a match, and mean strike rates also vary significantly based on the country of play. Further, the study analyses the top performing national sides, venues and country of play in terms of mean batting strike rate, thus providing insights to cricket boards, international regulating bodies of cricket, sponsors, media companies and coaching staff for better decision-making based on batting strike rate.

Originality/value

The originality of the study lies in its focus on using non-marketing strategies to increase fan engagement. Further, this study is the first one to examine different venues from the perspective of batting strike rate in men’s Twenty20 international matches.
The Importance of Human Rights for Management and Organization Studies
Authors: Schrempf‐Stirling Judith , Van Buren Harry J.
Published: February 2024

Business and human rights (BHR) scholarship examines the role of business in human rights violations as well as business responsibilities to respect human rights and to provide remedy where needed. BHR scholarship has been thriving over the last several decades, but it is at a turning point that begs for increased cross‐disciplinary exchange. We argue that dealing systematically and explicitly with a human rights perspective in management and organization studies provides BHR scholarship with a new impetus as well as with alternative perspectives on how to understand and further advance human rights obligations on businesses. We advance two BHR conceptualizations that will provide guidance for integrating human rights in management with organization studies research and thereby enlarge the cross‐disciplinary conversation on BHR: BHR as Global Governance and BHR as Sensemaking. This paper expands existing management and organization studies constructs, invites management and organization studies scholars to provide their insights into this important research domain, and discusses the implications of human rights for the firm.
Epigenetic‐based age prediction in blood samples: Model development
Authors: Filoglu Gonul , Sımsek Sumeyye Zulal , Ersoy Gokhan , Can Kadriye , Bulbul Ozlem
Published: February 2024

Aging is a complex process influenced by genetic, epigenetic, and environmental factors that lead to tissue deterioration and frailty. Epigenetic mechanisms, such as DNA methylation, play a significant role in gene expression regulation and aging. This study presents a new age estimation model developed for the Turkish population using blood samples. Eight CpG sites in loci TOM1L1, ELOVL2, ASPA, FHL2, C1orf132, CCDC102B, cg07082267, and RASSF5 were selected based on their correlation with age. Methylation patterns of these sites were analyzed in blood samples from 100 volunteers, grouped into age categories (20–35, 36–55, and ≥56). Sensitivity analysis indicated a reliable performance with DNA inputs ≥1 ng. Statistical modeling, utilizing Multiple Linear Regression, underscores the reliability of the primary 6‐CpG model, excluding cg07082267 and TOM1L1. This model demonstrates strong correlations with chronological age (r = 0.941) and explains 88% of the age variance with low error rates (MAE = 4.07, RMSE = 5.73 years). Validation procedures, including a training‐test split and fivefold cross‐validation, consistently confirm the model's accuracy and consistency. The study indicates minimal variation in error scores across age cohorts and no significant gender differences. The developed model showed strong predictive accuracy, with the ability to estimate age within certain prediction intervals. This study contributes to the age prediction by using DNA methylation patterns, which can have disparate applications, including forensic and clinical assessments.
Triangular fibrocartilage complex injury: outcomes of operative and non‐operative management
Authors: Onggo James , Walsh Kieran , Darcy Genevieve , Nambiar Mithun , Mahendru Gautam , Hui Cathryn , Pennington Richard , Babazadeh Sina
Published: February 2024

Objective

The prevalence TFCC injuries has increased over time. However, there remains a lack of understanding of its natural history. Along with the paucity of evidence on treatment options, there is lack of consensus on how best to manage them. This is a retrospective study with subgroup cohort analysis, examining variables and management options associated with patient‐reported disability and pain.

Methods

Patients from a metropolitan health network who have been referred for Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) of the wrist between 2010 and 2019 and identified to have TFCC injury, were followed up to determine patient‐reported outcomes. Disability of arm shoulder and hand scores (DASH) and visual assessment pain scale (VAS) were used to measure disability and pain respectively. An ‘excellent’ DASH and VAS scores were defined as ≤10 and ≤2, respectively.

Results

One hundred and twenty‐four patients met the inclusion criteria and consented to participate in this study. There were 53 patients with excellent DASH score, 95 excellent VAS score and 51 excellent outcomes at mean follow‐up of 75.5 months (Range: 5–402.8 months). Concomitant pathology and surgical management were less likely to have excellent DASH and VAS scores, while traumatic aetiology and smoking were less likely to have excellent VAS score. Age was not predictive of excellent DASH or VAS score.

Conclusions

Surgical management of TFCC injuries were associated with worse outcomes than if they were left alone. Smoking cessation is a patient‐modifiable risk factor that may help improve outcomes.
Breast milk oxycodone concentrations in mothers given oxycodone for post‐Caesarean delivery pain management
Authors: Pesonen Aino , Hakomäki Henriikka , Kokki Hannu , Ranta Veli‐Pekka , Rinne Valtteri , Kokki Merja
Published: February 2024

Aims

Both effective analgesia and early breastfeeding play an important role in maternal and neonatal well‐being after Caesarean delivery. We studied controlled‐release oxycodone tablet treatment for postoperative pain management and determined the excretion of oxycodone into breast milk.

Methods

Controlled‐release oxycodone/naloxone 10/5‐mg tablets (n = 21) or controlled‐release oxycodone 10‐mg tablets (n = 22) were administered to mothers twice a day for the first 3 days after elective Caesarean delivery as a part of multimodal analgesia. Maternal plasma and breast milk samples were collected daily. Oxycodone, noroxycodone, oxymorphone and noroxymorphone concentrations were analysed with ultra‐performance liquid chromatography‐mass spectrometry. Maternal pain intensity was recorded with an 11‐point Numeric Rating Scale (0‐10). Neonatal oxycodone exposure was estimated by simulating five different exposure scenarios, including the highest possible exposure through breast milk.

Results

The mean oxycodone and noroxycodone milk‐to‐maternal plasma ratios were 3.2 and 3.0, respectively. A strong correlation was found between plasma and breast milk oxycodone (R2 = 0.87) and noroxycodone concentrations (R2 = 0.91). In the simulated highest neonatal exposure scenario, the neonate's maximum plasma concentration was estimated to be 5.4 ng/mL and the estimated weight‐adjusted infant oxycodone dose was less than 10% of the maternal dose. Pain intensities were similarly low between the two treatment groups.

Conclusions

The oxycodone dose received from colostrum and breast milk during the first three postoperative days after Caesarean delivery is assumed safe for healthy, term neonates, but in extreme cases it is possible for the neonate to receive a dose through breast milk that may elicit opioid effects.
Effect on QTc interval by switching from methadone to equipotent R‐methadone dose in methadone maintenance treatment patients
Authors: Havig Stine Marie , Berg‐Pedersen Riikka Mari , Krabseth Hege‐Merete , Müller Lill Dannevig , Haugaa Kristina , Zare Hasse Khiabani , Gjesdal Knut , Krajci Peter , Opdal Mimi Stokke
Published: February 2024

Methadone (R,S‐methadone) can prolong the QT interval. R‐methadone inhibits cardiac potassium channel function less than S‐methadone. We tested if switching from methadone to R‐methadone would reduce corrected QT (QTc) intervals in methadone maintenance treatment (MMT) patients. Nine patients, with automatically read QTc intervals ≥450 ms, were required to detect a 20 ms (clinically relevant) reduction in QTc intervals with 15 ms standard deviation (SD) and 90% power. Nine stabilized MMT patients, using median (range) 70 (40–120) mg methadone, were included. Data (ECG recordings, serum samples, and withdrawal symptoms) were collected both before drug intake (Cmin) and at 3 h after drug intake (Cmax), and were collected on the day before the switch from methadone to equipotent R‐methadone dose and at 14 and 28 days after the switch. A cardiologist calculated QTc intervals retrospectively. Serum electrolytes and methadone concentrations were measured. Mean QTc intervals at Cmin were 472 ms and 422 ms on methadone (automatically and manually read) and 414 ms on R‐methadone (manually read). Mean (SD) change in QTc intervals was −8 (10) ms (p = 0.047) at Cmin but non‐significant at Cmax. R‐methadone showed a concentration‐dependent relationship with QTc intervals. Switching to R‐methadone reduced QTc intervals, but far less than the 20 ms considered clinically relevant.
Physical activity, sports participation and school exclusion: An analysis of the millennium cohort study
Authors: Brinkley A. J.
Published: February 2024

Background

Physical activity and modes of sport are widely adopted to promote health, wellbeing, behavioural outcomes and educational attainment in young people excluded from education. However, little is known about the physical activity or sports involvement of excluded young people or the role of participation on predictors and outcomes associated with exclusion.

Aims

The study aimed to understand (i) how active excluded young people are, (ii) whether predictors of school exclusion are influenced by participation in physical activity or sport and (iii) if physical activity or sports participation moderates the relationship between school exclusion and health, behavioural and educational outcomes.

Methods

Millennium Cohort Study Wave 6 data were analysed using linear multiple regression models. Participants were 11,066 young people. Dependent variables were physical activity or sports participation. Independent variables included school exclusion, body composition and physical health, cognitive and educational outcomes, crime, anti‐social and harmful behaviours, mental health and individual demographic predictors.

Results

Multiple regression analysis of Millennium Cohort Study Wave 6 data indicates young people excluded from education participate in more (+20.71 ± 9.72, p = .03) minutes of physical activity but less (−22.38 ± 32.52, p = .49) minutes of sport than non‐excluded participants. Physical activity or sport did not influence predictors or outcomes associated with exclusion.

Conclusion

Findings indicate young people excluded from education participate in 8% more MVPA, but 13% less sport than peers not excluded from education. These findings highlight concerns related to the provision of school sports and physical education opportunities for young people excluded from education. Moreover, these findings question the role of physical activity or sport as a silver bullet within UK educational policy.
Recent hummock establishment in the margin of a subarctic fen, Finnish Lapland
Authors: Kuuri‐Riutta Olivia , Pilkama Elmiina , Salminen‐Paatero Susanna , Vögeli Camille , Mitchell Edward A. D. , Lohila Annalea , Tuittila Eeva‐Stiina , Väliranta Minna
Published: February 2024

Northern fens, that host unique biota and form a remarkable carbon stock, are sensitive to changes in the moisture balance and, therefore, may be strongly affected by climatic fluctuations. However, long‐term monitoring and palaeoecological studies of fens are relatively rare and, as a result, their responses to past and current climatic fluctuations are poorly known. In this study, we examined the recent vegetation change as well as changes in testate amoeba communities in the mire margin of a subarctic fen in Finnish Lapland with four peat profiles. Testate amoebae were used as indicators of past fluctuations in water table depth. The vegetation showed a drastic shift from sedge‐dominated fen toSphagnum‐dominated communities during the late 20th and the early 21st centuries. This shift was accompanied by a turnover in the testate amoeba community. Testate amoeba‐based water table reconstructions indicated recent drying. This may be due to the lowering of the water table either from acceleratedSphagnumincrement or enhanced evaporation. The observed hummock establishment concurs with the documented hemisphere‐wide expansion trend of hummock communities in fens. This change may strengthen the carbon sink and storage capacity of these peatlands, which could be viewed as a welcome negative feedback process to the ongoing climate warming. However, the change also poses a threat to biodiversity since fens are not only species‐rich habitats but are also endangered ecosystems.
Transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 inhibition reduces brain damage by suppressing neuronal apoptosis after intracerebral hemorrhage
Authors: Chen Chien‐Cheng , Ke Chia‐Hua , Wu Chun‐Hu , Lee Hung‐Fu , Chao Yuan , Tsai Min‐Chien , Shyue Song‐Kun , Chen Szu‐Fu
Published: February 2024

Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) induces a complex sequence of apoptotic cascades and inflammatory responses, leading to neurological impairment. Transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1), a nonselective cation channel with high calcium permeability, has been implicated in neuronal apoptosis and inflammatory responses. This study used a mouse ICH model and neuronal cultures to examine whether TRPV1 activation exacerbates brain damage and neurological deficits by promoting neuronal apoptosis and neuroinflammation. ICH was induced by injecting collagenase in both wild‐type (WT) C57BL/6 mice and TRPV1−/− mice. Capsaicin (CAP; a TRPV1 agonist) or capsazepine (a TRPV1 antagonist) was administered by intracerebroventricular injection 30 min before ICH induction in WT mice. The effects of genetic deletion or pharmacological inhibition of TRPV1 using CAP or capsazepine on motor deficits, histological damage, apoptotic responses, blood–brain barrier (BBB) permeability, and neuroinflammatory reactions were explored. The antiapoptotic mechanisms and calcium influx induced by TRPV1 inactivation were investigated in cultured hemin‐stimulated neurons. TRPV1 expression was upregulated in the hemorrhagic brain, and TRPV1 was expressed in neurons, microglia, and astrocytes after ICH. Genetic deletion of TRPV1 significantly attenuated motor deficits and brain atrophy for up to 28 days. Deletion of TRPV1 also reduced brain damage, neurodegeneration, microglial activation, cytokine expression, and cell apoptosis at 1 day post‐ICH. Similarly, the administration of CAP ameliorated brain damage, neurodegeneration, brain edema, BBB permeability, and cytokine expression at 1 day post‐ICH. In primary neuronal cultures, pharmacological inactivation of TRPV1 by CAP attenuated neuronal vulnerability to hemin‐induced injury, suppressed apoptosis, and preserved mitochondrial integrity in vitro. Mechanistically, CAP reduced hemin‐stimulated calcium influx and prevented the phosphorylation of CaMKII in cultured neurons, which was associated with reduced activation of P38 and c‐Jun NH2‐terminal kinase mitogen‐activated protein kinase signaling. Our results suggest that TRPV1 inhibition may be a potential therapy for ICH by suppressing mitochondria‐related neuronal apoptosis.
Beyond blood: Advancing the frontiers of liquid biopsy in oncology and personalized medicine
Authors: Bao Ying , Zhang Dejing , Guo Huihui , Ma Wenxue
Published: February 2024

Liquid biopsy is emerging as a pivotal tool in precision oncology, offering a noninvasive and comprehensive approach to cancer diagnostics and management. By harnessing biofluids such as blood, urine, saliva, cerebrospinal fluid, and pleural effusions, this technique profiles key biomarkers including circulating tumor DNA, circulating tumor cells, microRNAs, and extracellular vesicles. This review discusses the extended scope of liquid biopsy, highlighting its indispensable role in enhancing patient outcomes through early detection, continuous monitoring, and tailored therapy. While the advantages are notable, we also address the challenges, emphasizing the necessity for precision, cost‐effectiveness, and standardized methodologies in its broader application. The future trajectory of liquid biopsy is set to expand its reach in personalized medicine, fueled by technological advancements and collaborative research.
Questionnaire survey on public awareness of cleft lip with/without palate in Mongolia
Authors: Gantugs Anar‐Erdene , Imura Hideto , Chimedtseren Ichinnorov , Kitagawa Ken , Sakuma Chisato , Natsume Nagana , Kawana Takayuki , Badamnyambuu Byambajargal , Kurose Motohiro , Niimi Teruyuki , Furukawa Hiroo , Natsume Nagato
Published: February 2024

The frequency of cleft lip with/without palate (CL/P) in the Mongolian population is approximately 1 in 1314 live births. This research aims to disseminate information about this congenital disability to the public to better understand CL/P, and people's fissures, and review administrative measures, as there is a lack of research in this area. A questionnaire survey was conducted using Google Forms, with 1000 Mongolian participants. Most participants (86.7%) said they had knowledge of the word, whereas 86.2% said they had knowledge of the condition. Most participants' answers were question‐related disadvantages of CL/P patients, including statements such as “It's uncomfortable in human relationships” and “It makes an uncomfortable impression on the person you meet the first time.” The results of this study revealed that most Mongolians were aware of CL/P and are concerned about patients. However, the causes of CL/P in the general population remain unknown, and further research is needed in this area.
Contribution of genetic variants in the development of familial premature coronary artery disease in a cohort of cardiac patients
Authors: Mehvari Sepideh , Karimian Fathi Nahid , Saki Sara , Asadnezhad Maryam , Arzhangi Sanaz , Ghodratpour Fatemeh , Mohseni Marzieh , Zare Ashrafi Farzane , Sadeghian Saeed , Boroumand Mohammadali , Shokohizadeh Fatemeh , Rostami Elham , Boroumand Rahnama , Najafipour Reza , Malekzadeh Reza , Riazalhosseini Yasser , Akbari Mohammadreza , Lathrop Mark , Najmabadi Hossein , Hosseini Kaveh , Kahrizi Kimia
Published: February 2024

Coronary artery disease (CAD), the most prevalent cardiovascular disease, is the leading cause of death worldwide. Heritable factors play a significant role in the pathogenesis of CAD. It has been proposed that approximately one‐third of patients with CAD have a positive family history, and individuals with such history are at ~1.5‐fold increased risk of CAD in their lifespans. Accordingly, the long‐recognized familial clustering of CAD is a strong risk factor for this disease. Our study aimed to identify candidate genetic variants contributing to CAD by studying a cohort of 60 large Iranian families with at least two members in different generations afflicted with premature CAD (PCAD), defined as established disease at ≤45 years in men and ≤55 years in women. Exome sequencing was performed for a subset of the affected individuals, followed by prioritization and Sanger sequencing of candidate variants in all available family members. Subsequently, apparently healthy carriers of potential risk variants underwent coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA), followed by co‐segregation analysis of the combined data. Putative causal variants were identified in seven genes, ABCG8, CD36, CYP27A1, PIK3C2G, RASSF9, RYR2, and ZFYVE21, co‐segregating with familial PCAD in seven unrelated families. Among these, PIK3C2G, RASSF9, and ZFYVE21 are novel candidate CAD susceptibility genes. Our findings indicate that rare variants in genes identified in this study are involved in CAD development.
Fourfolded objects, or toward a philosophy of object‐oriented curation
Authors: Kahambing Jan Gresil S.
Published: February 2024

This paper attempts to contextualize a philosophy of curation that is object‐oriented or toward a “return to the object.” In the museum, three interrelated philosophical problems pervade curation practices that prevent access to the object as it is. Here, the subject‐object relations or idealism‐realism issues are reconsidered as a specific niche of the philosophy of curation. To address these issues, this paper claims that Jean‐Paul Martinon and Graham Harman's philosophical return to the Heideggerian fourfold (das Geviert) can introduce creative pathways for the curated object that is riddled with excess and tensions. Later, with some caveats, the paper addresses the issues and suggests a possible avenue for further research.
Molecular testing in salivary gland cytopathology: A practical overview in conjunction with the Milan system
Authors: Carillo Anna Maria , De Luca Caterina , Pisapia Pasquale , Vigliar Elena , Ikenberg Kristian , Freiberger Sandra N. , Troncone Giancarlo , Rupp Niels J. , Bellevicine Claudio
Published: February 2024

Recently, significant advances in the molecular characterization of salivary gland neoplasms have facilitated the classification and diagnosis of specific diagnostic entities. In the highly challenging diagnostic scenario of salivary malignancies, molecular testing is increasingly being adopted in routine practice to refine the cytological diagnosis of salivary lesions. Here, we reviewed the most recent evidence in the field of salivary glands molecular cytopathology.
Patient journey and disease‐related digital media usage: A cross‐sectional study among dermatology patients across Germany
Authors: Wecker Hannah , Höllerl Lea , Schick Teresa Sophie , Biedermann Tilo , Zink Alexander , Ziehfreund Stefanie
Published: February 2024

Background and Objectives

This study aimed to fill the gap of evidence‐based data by examining the impact of health‐related digital media use's impact on the patient‐physician relationship and patient journey, with the goal of driving positive changes in office‐based dermatological practice.

Patients and Methods

German individuals with skin conditions completed a questionnaire assessing health‐related digital media use, eHealth literacy, impact of digital media use on the patient‐physician relationship and patient journey, and sociodemographic and health characteristics from June to November 2022, followed by descriptive analysis and linear regressions.

Results

Overall, 919 participants were analyzed (median age: 47.00, interquartile range [28.00; 61.00] years, female: 53.6%, health‐related digital media users: 56.8%). Google and online encyclopedias were commonly used before and after dermatological consultations. Online self‐help groups were used by 75% of non‐treated participants. Digital media use had no impact on the patient‐physician relationship and a positive impact on the patient journey. Positive impacts were associated with higher eHealth literacy, satisfaction with digital media quality, importance of digital media, rural residence, high education, and trust in dermatologists.

Conclusions

The potential of health‐related digital media in office‐based dermatological care necessitates the drive of an evidence‐based digital health platform to improve eHealth literacy and satisfaction with the quality of digital media among affected individuals.
Assessment of functioning in ADHD according to World Health Organization standards: First revision of the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health Core Sets
Authors: Bölte Sven , Alehagen Lovisa , Black Melissa H. , Hasslinger John , Wessman Elina , Remnélius Karl Lundin , Marschik Peter B. , D'arcy Emily , Seidel Andreas , Girdler Sonya , Zander Eric
Published: February 2024

Aim

To conduct the first revision of the World Health Organization International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) Core Sets for attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).

Method

A Delphi‐like method was used, integrating evidence from stakeholder feedback and developing and piloting the ADHD ICF Core Set platform to inform revisions to the ADHD Core Sets.

Results

A total of 27 second‐level ICF codes were added to the comprehensive ADHD Core Set: body functions of temperament and personality, and basic sensory functions; activities and participation in terms of learning to read and write, spoken communication, community life, religion and spirituality, education, economy, and human rights; environmental factors for domestic animals; and several societal services. The revised comprehensive Core Set contains 98 ICF codes: 18 body function codes; 47 activities and participation codes; and 33 environmental factor codes. Extensive changes were also made to the age‐appropriate brief Core Sets to allow their independent use in research and clinical practice.

Interpretation

Although substantially expanded, the revised ICF Core Sets better reflect the lived experience of individuals with ADHD and clinical implementation preferences than the initial sets. We recommend further feasibility and validation studies of these Core Sets with the goal of optimizing their acceptance and practicability, and strengthening their evidence base.
An estimate of the need for continuous glucose monitoring in type 2 diabetes with intensive insulin treatment in secondary healthcare
Authors: Trolle Christian , Christensen Mia , Hansen Klavs Würgler
Published: February 2024

Aim

To estimate the proportion of persons with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) receiving intensive insulin treatment in the secondary healthcare who could be candidates for continuous glucose monitoring (CGM), based on different HbA1c criteria. For comparison, the results are also presented as proportion of persons with type 1 diabetes (T1DM) in the same region.

Patients and Methods

In the Central Denmark Region, we identified all persons with T1DM (n = 6179) and T2DM (n = 4315) who had a minimum of one contact to a diabetes outpatient clinic from September 2021 to September 2022. Insulin regimen and HbA1c measured after a minimum of 2 months with a stable insulin regimen were retrieved from the healthcare administrative electronic platform used in the region.

Results

The numbers of persons with T1DM and T2DM with HbA1c meeting the criteria were 5145 and 3090, respectively. The fraction of T2DM with basal‐bolus insulin was 35.3%, and the fraction with basal‐bolus insulin and HbA1c >53 (7%) mmol/mol or >58 (7.5%) mmol/mol was 20.5% and 16.6%, respectively. These proportions correspond to 19.4%, 14.4% and 11.7% of the persons with T1DM in the same geographical area.

Conclusion

The proportion of persons with T2DM in secondary healthcare undergoing intensive insulin treatment who could be candidates for CGM corresponded to only a minor fraction of persons with T1DM in the same region, irrespective of any HbA1c criteria applied.
Collection of cardiac masses. Up‐to‐date echocardiography and cardiac MRI tools
Authors: Baltodano‐Arellano Roberto , Falcón‐Quispe Luis , Cupe‐Chacalcaje Kelly , Meléndez‐Ramírez Gabriela , Cachicatari‐Beltran Angela , Patrón‐Chi Sergio , Benites‐Yshpilco Lindsay , Meave‐González Aloha , Anicama‐Lima William , Becerra Silvia Jiménez , Urdanivia‐Ruiz Dante , Arias‐Godínez José Antonio , Rojas Paol , Moscoso Josh , Levano‐Pachas Gerald
Published: February 2024

Heart masses, including tumors (primary and secondary) and pseudotumor (cysts and thrombus), are rare entities, but of increasing interest in cardiac imaging areas. The clinical manifestations are related to the intracardiac effect of mass, embolization, and systemic symptoms in the case of tumors; however, some of them are detected incidentally. Nowadays, imaging techniques and the advancement of their tools perform the morphological, functional, and tissue characterization of the masses, and additionally know the anatomical relationships, which are crucial factors for the treatment and surgical planning.
Functional response of larval and adult Coccinella septempunctata to eggs and larvae of Plutella xylostella on canola
Authors: Kulkarni S. S. , Evenden M. L.
Published: February 2024

Understanding of functional responses (i.e., changes in predator feeding rates with prey density) of key predators to different crop pest stages is critical to strengthening biological control, particularly in view of climate change and temperature variation. We investigated prey preferences of Coccinella septempunctata L. (Coleoptera: Coccinelidae) to egg and larval stages of a key brassicaceous pest of canola (Brassica napus L., Brassicaceae), the diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella L. (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae). First, laboratory choice and no‐choice bioassays tested the hypotheses that C. septempunctata accepts and differentially prefers two prey developmental stages (eggs and larvae). Then, C. septempunctata larvae and adults were exposed to six densities of P. xylostella eggs over 24 h in functional response bioassays that determined the number of eggs consumed. Finally, the functional response bioassays were repeated with larval prey and extended with three temperature regimes: 10, 22 and 32 °C. In both choice and no‐choice assays, C. septempunctata adults and larvae consumed more P. xylostella larvae than eggs. The functional response of C. septempunctata depended on predator developmental stage and temperature, with reduced handling time and increased attack rates and consumption under warmer conditions. At 10 and 22 °C, the functional responses of both C. septempunctata larvae and adults were of Type II, i.e., rates of prey consumption increase at decelerating rates and then plateau with increasing prey density. Our study demonstrates that both larvae and adults of C. septempunctata can consume high numbers of eggs and early instar P. xylostella larvae; these responses are temperature‐dependent with increased consumption rates at higher temperatures. This may lead to improvements in management of P. xylostella in canola.
Effects of glyphosate and glyphosate‐based herbicide on learning and memory of the buff‐tailed bumblebee (Bombus terrestris)
Authors: Kaakinen Kimmo , Ramula Satu , Loukola Olli J. , Helander Marjo
Published: February 2024

The decline of insect pollinators is a global concern, and the use of pesticides has been identified as a potential cause for it. Glyphosate‐based herbicides (GBHs) are the world's most used pesticides, but until recent years they have been claimed to be safe for non‐target organisms, such as pollinators. Using controlled arena experiments, we investigated the effects on the learning and long‐term memory of buff‐tailed bumblebees,Bombus terrestris(L.) (Hymenoptera: Apidae), of a single field‐realistic dose of glyphosate, both in its pure form and as a commercial herbicide (Roundup Gold) containing the active ingredient (a.i.) glyphosate and other co‐formulants. We found that glyphosate in its pure form caused deterioration in the learning ability of bumblebees in a 10‐color discrimination experiment; the glyphosate‐treated bees discriminated colors over 10% worse than the untreated control bees. However, the commercially used GBH (Roundup Gold) had no observable effect on the learning ability of the bumblebees, despite the fact that this herbicide contained the same amount of glyphosate as its pure form. These findings shed light on the potential risks associated with agrochemicals previously considered safe for pollinators and emphasize the need for comprehensive risk assessments of pesticides, including evaluations of cognitive functions in pollinators. Therefore, we propose that future pesticide testing should incorporate broader assessments to ensure the safety of pollinators in agricultural landscapes.
Association between dysphagia and symptoms of depression and anxiety after ischemic stroke
Authors: Karisik Anel , Dejakum Benjamin , Moelgg Kurt , Komarek Silvia , Toell Thomas , Mayer‐Suess Lukas , Pechlaner Raimund , Kostner Stefanie , Sollereder Simon , Kiechl Sophia , Rossi Sonja , Schoenherr Gudrun , Lang Wilfried , Kiechl Stefan , Knoflach Michael , Boehme Christian ,   for the STROKE‐CARD Registry study group
Published: February 2024

Background and purpose

Dysphagia is associated with poor outcome, higher mortality, reduced quality of life, and social isolation. We investigate the relationship between swallowing impairment and symptoms of anxiety and depression after ischemic stroke.

Methods

Consecutive patients with ischemic stroke participating in the prospective STROKE‐CARD Registry study from 2020 to 2022 were assessed for dysphagia on hospital admission (clinical swallowing assessment) and for persistence until discharge and 3‐month follow‐up (SINGER Independency Index). Anxiety and depression symptoms were recorded using Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) at 3‐month follow‐up.

Results

Of 648 patients, 19.3% had dysphagia on admission, persisting in 14.8% at discharge and 6.8% at 3‐month follow‐up. With the presence or duration of dysphagia (no dysphagia, dysphagia at baseline, at discharge, at 3 months), score (mean ± SD) increased on the BDI (7.9 ± 6.7, 12.5 ± 8.7, 13.5 ± 9.0, 16.5 ± 10.2), HADS‐D (4.4 ± 3.7, 7.1 ± 4.2, 7.7 ± 4.4, 9.8 ± 4.3), and HADS‐A (4.4 ± 3.5, 5.4 ± 3.6, 6.0 ± 3.6, 7.0 ± 3.6). In linear regression analysis adjusting for age, sex, diabetes, dementia, and either functional disability or stroke severity, BDI and HADS‐D scores were significantly higher in patients with dysphagia across all points in time (admission, discharge, 3‐month follow‐up). An independent association with HADS‐A scores was only evident in patients with persisting dysphagia after 3 months. Patients with dysphagia were more likely to receive antidepressants, antipsychotics, or benzodiazepines at discharge and 3‐month follow‐up.

Conclusions

Dysphagia after stroke is common and severely affects psychosocial functioning of individuals. Our results highlight swallowing impairment as an independent predictor for poststroke depressive and, to a lesser extent, anxiety symptoms.