bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Antioxidant and thrombolytic activities of Crinum asiaticum L.
Authors: Islam Md Saiful , Sharmin Ahmed Rakhi  , Kuddus Md Ruhul , Sarkar Md Raihan , Ahmed Firoj
Published: January 2025

Crinum asiaticum L. is a toxic plant and can be grown as an ornamental plant in Bangladesh. The present study was designed to determine in vitro antioxidant and thrombolytic activity of n-hexane, dichloromethane and ethyl acetate fractions of C. asiaticum. Antioxidant activity was determined by total phenolic content (TPC) analysis and DPPH radical scavenging assay method. The ethyl acetate fraction showed maximum antioxidant activity (IC50 = 35.44 μg/ml), may be due to the presence of highest amount of phenolic compounds (52.04 mg of GAE per gram of extractives) in this fraction. During thrombolytic assay, dichloromethane fraction of C. asiaticum (Conc.= 10 mg/ml) showed highest 32.59% clot lysis activity. The present study revealed that C. asiaticum possesses significant antioxidant and thrombolytic potential.
Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res. 59(4), 191-194, 2024
Assessment of agricultural water quality parameters in Tiruppathur district, India
Authors: Kumar M Senthil , Ansari A Thaminum
Published: January 2025

Agricultural water sources are crucial for farming communities and impact both crop health and human consumption. This study examines seasonal variations in the physical, chemical, and bacterial properties of agricultural water sources to understand its effects onpublic health and agricultural productivity. Water samples were collected from various agricultural wells during different seasons throughout the year. Parameters such as pH, temperature, turbidity, TDS, phosphates, nitrates, and heavy metals were analyzed, along with bacterial content, including E. coli and total coliforms. The water quality varied significantly year-round, according to the results, because of factors like rainfall and agricultural runoff. The findings indicated that variables like rainfall and agricultural runoff caused notable annual fluctuations in the quality of the water. Recommendations include improved filtration systems and agricultural practices to ensure safe water for both farming and human use.
Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res. 59(4), 205-222, 2024
Use of bi-layer tablet technology to formulate dual-release dosage form of extended-release Montelukast and immediate-release Bilastine
Authors: Rahman M A , Hossain M S , Moulee M M , Islam M S , Shathi A S , Paul A , Abdurrahim M , Hossain M H
Published: January 2025

Bilayer tablets containing Montelukast sodium, a bronchodilator, and Bilastine, an antihistamine, were formulated and assessed for pharmaceutical parameters. Twelve immediate-release Bilastine formulations, seven controlled-release Montelukast sodium formulations, and fourteen bilayer formulations were prepared. Stability studies employing FTIR, TGA, and SEM validated compatibilitywith excipients. Bilastine granules demonstrated bulk and tapped densities ranging from 0.33 to 0.38 g/mL and 0.429 to 0.488 g/mL, respectively. Carr’s index, Hausner ratio, and angle of repose suggested favorable flowability. All tablets met the weight variation criteria (<7.5%); however, Montelukast (M1, M2) exhibited hardness levels below 5 kg/cm², and the bilayer tablets demonstrated variability in hardness. Bilastine disintegrated in less than 3 minutes, whereas Montelukast required 15 to 60 minutes for disintegration. In dissolution tests, the B1-B3 Bilastine formulations demonstrated the highest release after 60 minutes, while the M6-M7 Montelukast formulationsreleased over 60% within 6 hours. Six bilayer formulations; B2+M6, B2+M7, B3+M3, B3+M6, B3+M6, and B3+M7 exhibited optimal release for both active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs), indicating that Montelukast sodium and Bilastine can be effectively formulated into bilayer tablets with satisfactory release profiles.
Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res. 59(4), 231-248, 2024
Iron Deficiency Anaemia among 6-59 Months Aged Children Admitted in a Tertiary Care Hospital
Authors: Hussain Md Muazzem , Das Ashith Chandra , Chowdhury Jannatul Ferdush , Khan Habiba Jamila , Ahmed Tofayel , Lamichhane Ramesh
Published: January 2025

Iron deficiency (ID) is the most common nutritional deficiency in the world. Infants and young children are at the highest risk. Impaired growth, mental retardation, increased susceptibility to infection, poor school performance, and poor activity are the long-term consequences of iron deficiency anaemia. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of iron deficiency anaemia among children aged 6-59 months. This cross-sectional study was carried out in the department of Paediatrics, Jalalabad Ragib-Rabeya Medical College Hospital, Sylhet from March 2021 to August 2021. A total of one hundred nineteen (119) admitted children in the Paediatrics ward were enrolled by consecutive sampling. The majority of the children (55.5%) were between the ages of 6 and 12 months. Iron-deficiency anaemia (IDA) was identified in 48.7% of children, and more than half of the male children (55.4%) were suffering from IDA. Serum ferritin and transferrin saturation, which are the primary indicators of IDA, were significantly decreased and red cell distribution width was significantly increased in children with IDA (p<0.05). The current study found that 6-59-months-old, hospitalized children in Sylhet had a higher prevalence of IDA. Public health intervention should be established to counter the problem.
Jalalabad Med J 2022; 19 (1): 27-30
Patent Vitellointestinal Duct along with Patent Urachus: A Rare Incidence
Authors: Ahmed Muhammed Foysol , Momin Mohammed Abdul , Mashuque Md Abdullah Al
Published: January 2025

A rare case of patent vitellointestinal duct along with patent urachus in an 8 months old male baby is reported here, who presented with umbilical discharge and swelling of the umbilicus since the separation of the umbilical cord. Our initial diagnosis was umbilical adenoma.  On exploration, the umbilicus was connected to the ileum and the apex of the urinary bladder through two communicating channels. The urachus was completely excised after ligation, the patent vitellointestinal duct was resected and the ileum anastomosed.
Jalalabad Med J 22; 19 (1): 31-34
Notes on the final emergence and moulting pattern of Ischnura senegalensis Rambur, 1842 (Zygoptera, Coenagrionidae) and Anax immaculifrons Rambur, 1842 (Anisoptera, Aeshnidae)
Authors: Bhende Rahul B. , Payra Arajush , Tiple Ashish D.
Published: January 2025

The complete emergence of two odonate species Ischnura senegalensis (Rambur, 1842) (Zygoptera, Coenagrionidae) and Anax immaculifrons (Anisoptera, Aeshnidae) were studied at Wardha district of Maharashtra, India. The average time to complete emergence in Ischnura senegalensis was 92.2 minutes and in the case of Anax immaculifrons the average time for the (F-0) stage larvae for emergence it into fully flying adult was 40 days. I. senegalensis emerges in a vertical posture and emerges between 8 00 h and 16 00 h during the day. Emergence of the A. immaculifrons was observed at night, with times ranging from 21h to 01h and it emerges in a vertical posture. The (F-1) stage larva of A. immaculifrons was cannibalised by the (F-0) stage larva by only cutting the thorax and separating the head and abdomen. One unsuccessful emergence was observed in A. immaculifrons, where one of the wings remain wrinkled and unstretched.
Comparative morphometric studies between black and yellow strains of Indian honeybee - Apis cerana
Authors: Chalapathy Chethana V. , Sivaram V. , Seetharam D.S. , Patil Sharangouda J.
Published: January 2025

The study aimed to investigate the morphological differences between the strains of the Apis cerana honey bee revealed that there were no major variations with morphology of black and yellow morphs but the proboscis length and number of hamuli on forewing showed some differences. The black and yellow morphs are reproductively isolated and differ slightly in two morphological characteristics out of the 13 examined. The study establishes that without any geographic restriction, population at higher and lower elevations exhibited differences in these two morphological characteristics of honey bees.
Life cycle of Megymenum distanti Kocorek & Ghate, 2012 on Momordica indica L. (Heteroptera, Dinidoridae)
Authors: Naik Aishwarya S. , Gadekar Vijaykumar S. , More S.V.
Published: January 2025

The life history of a dinidorid bug Megymenum distanti Kocorek & Ghate, 2012 was examined under controlled laboratory conditions. The female bug laid about 32 eggs after mating. Only 8 of these 32 eggs actually hatched, for a hatching ratio of only 25 per cent and these 8 nymphs were observed further. The eggs required 11 to 13 days to hatch. There were five nymphal stages, lasting 48 days in total. The nymphal periods for the first, second, third, fourth, and the fifth instars were 11, 9, 8, 7 and 13 days, respectively. Male adults survived 21 days on average, whereas female adults lived 32 days on average after mating. Within 82-93 days, the entire life cycle was completed. Except for the first instar nymph, both nymphs and adults feed on leaves of Momordica indica L.
APLIKASI DIGITAL PERMUDAH KEBUTUHAN GEN Z (STUDI EKONOMI NETNOGRAFI)
Authors: Putri Sri Andika , Sulistiyowati Yayuk
Published: January 2025

The COVID-19 pandemic is one of the reasons for the accelerated use of digital technology. The usage of these platforms has permeated all strata of society. New students, who make up more than 50% of university enrolees, often come from regions outside their place of study. To interact with their new surroundings, they must socialize and communicate with the local community. Unfortunately, not all new students are proficient in the local languages. The purpose of this research is to ascertain the extent to which digital applications are utilized by new students to meet their daily needs. The method employed in this research is Netnography, utilizing questionnaires and interviews. Questionnaires and interviews were conducted with new students from outside the Java Island, specifically from the eastern regions of Indonesia, who are studying at Tribhuwana Tunggadewi University. Interviews were conducted to identify communication barriers faced by students upon relocating from their hometowns. A questionnaire in the form of a Google Form was distributed to determine which digital applications are frequently used to assist in meeting their needs. The research findings indicate that new students communicate in Indonesian. However, the use of Indonesian sometimes leads to misunderstandings with local residents due to differences in intonation and accent from their regions of origin. To simplify the fulfilment of their needs, they prefer using digital applications, choosing based on specific needs and price comparisons. Digital applications have proven to facilitate students in meeting their daily needs, especially during the initial period after arriving from their hometowns.
Effective Reading Interventions for Slow Learners : Sight Word and Phonemic Awareness Approaches
Authors: Purnomo Jihan Salsabila , Royanto Lucia R.M.
Published: January 2025

This study investigates the effectiveness of sight words and phonemic awareness learning, delivered through drilling method, in enhancing reading skills in a child identified as slow learner. The subject of this study is a 9-year and 10-month-old boy in the fourth grade of elementary school. The research method employed in this study is a single-case intervention design. The process involved various assessment stages, including detailed observations, structured interviews with teachers and parents, and comprehensive psychological tests to understand the unique challenges faced by the subject. To evaluate the effectiveness of these interventions, both pre-tests and post-tests were administered, which assessed the subject's reading skills in terms of accuracy and reading speed. The analysis of the results revealed significant progress in the subject's reading abilities following the interventions. Notably, improvements were observed in both the accuracy of reading sight words and the overall speed at which the subject could read. These positive findings underscore the effectiveness of focused teaching strategies, demonstrating that systematic and structured interventions can substantially enhance reading abilities in slow learners. The study highlights the importance of tailoring educational approaches to meet the specific needs of slow learners, in order to maximize their potential and improving their overall academic performance. Furthermore, these results suggest that educators can employ similar methods to support other students facing similar challenges in reading.
Development of E-Module "Community Needs Analysis" Based on Massive Open Online Course (MOOC) : Learning Innovation for Community Practitioners
Authors: Noorrizki Rakhmaditya Dwi , Azri Alfina Nur , Dharmastuti Anjarie , Armalid Ikhwanul Ihsan
Published: January 2025

The purpose of this study was to develop a Massive Open Online Course (MOOC)-based community needs analysis e-module to improve understanding of problem-solving and community empowerment. This research used the Research and Development (R&D) method with the Four-D model (Define, Design, Develop, Disseminate). The subjects for validity, effectiveness, readability, and quality tests were content experts, material experts, and media experts. The data analysis technique used was descriptive quantitative. The material expert validity test used Aiken's V validity test analysis and Borich reliability. The validity test results obtained were 0.977 or 97.5%. The media expert validity test obtained a result of 0.844 or 84.4%. The Readability and Ease of Navigation test obtained a result of 1 or 100%. The Interactive and Feedback Quality Test obtained a result of 0.822 or 82.2%. The Media Effectiveness Test in Supporting Learning obtained a result of 0.977 or 97.7%. The results of this study indicate that the community empowerment e-module on the MOOC platform is suitable for use in communities to increase understanding of problem-solving and community empowerment training.
What Does Digitalization Offer to English for Specific Purposes Learning? : A Systematic Literature Review
Authors: Yunita Sri , Susilawati Susilawati , Darwis Riadi , Ramadhan Arrizqi
Published: January 2025

This study aims to discover what digitalization offers to promote students' learning in ESP classrooms and the contributions of lecturer digital competency to student learning.  This study employed a systematic literature review with SALSA (Search, Appraisal, Systhesis, and Analysis) procedure and analyzed 15 article journals from Sinta and Scopus indexed journals to ensure credibility.  The data were analyzed using thematic analysis to identify patterns and categories related to digitalization in ESP learning. The findings suggest that digitalization in ESP classes offers several benefits for student learning including learning content accessibility, assignment efficiency, flexibility, engagement, interaction, motivation, academic skills, and performance improvement, and promoting some of the 21st-century skills. Lecturers’ digital competence is also trusted to contribute to students’ learning, covering instructional effectiveness, engagement, interaction, assessment, and motivation. To summarize this study, developing a supporting digital environment for higher education learning is strongly recommended by selecting appropriate digital tools, properly infusing the tools into the curriculum and learning with the caveat that all parties involved be adequately trained, and considering students' long-term engagement in the digital environment. Technology-related issues, such as bandwidth and student technological fatigue, deserve to be addressed.
Development of Ethnoscience-Based Learning on Bugis Traditional Food in The 4th Grade IPAS Textbook in Elementary Schools
Authors: Adela Dhea , Suprapmanto Joko , Sehab Nurhayati
Published: January 2025

This research aims to develop a textbook based on local wisdom with an integration of ethnoscience learning about traditional Bugis food. This research used Research and Development with a 4D model which consists of four stages, namely define, design, develop and disseminate. The research subjects for the practicality test included 192 students of IV grade elementary school and 6 teachers from the school population in Pallangga District, Gowa Regency, South Sulawesi. The validity test of textbooks was judged by material experts, language experts and media experts. Based on the results of the analysis of the Gregory formula, it is stated that the validation coefficient for learning books by material experts, media experts and language experts was 1.00 with the content validity category being "very high". The results of the textbook validation received a very high assessment and were categorized as valid because the contents of the textbook were in accordance with the competencies and indicators that must be achieved by fourth grade elementary school students. This is demonstrated by the accuracy, completeness and suitability of the core material and supporting material according to student characteristics. The average teacher response to textbooks was 95% in the "very practical" category and the average student response was 92%. In the Ease of Use (navigation) aspect, the textbook ease indicator reached an average value of 0.89 or 89%. These results showed that students did not experience difficulties in using the science and technology textbook based on local Bugis traditional wisdom because the instructions in the book are clear.
The Role of The LCGC (Low Cost Great Curriculum) Model on Teacher Performance in The Implementation of The Independent Curriculum
Authors: Muchtar Azmy Ali , Marhamah Marhamah , Puadah Popi
Published: January 2025

This study aims to analyze the role of the LCGC (low cost great curriculum) model on teacher performance in implementing the Merdeka curriculum in Madrasah. This study used a quantitative approach with an associative correlational design. The study population consisted of all Madrasah teachers in DKI Jakarta, with a sample of 40 participants taken using a purposive sampling technique from two madrasah, namely Madrasah Nur-Attaqwa and Madrasah Ar-Rahmah. The measuring instrument used was the LCGC Model scale adapted from the Charles O. Jones policy implementation model and the Ornstein and Hunkins Curriculum Implementation model: (Modernism and Postmodernism). The data obtained were analyzed using a simple regression test. The results of this study indicate a significant positive relationship between the implementation of the LCGC Model and teacher performance in implementing the Merdeka Curriculum, with a Pearson correlation value of 0.947. This study also identified the challenges faced by teachers, such as understanding and skills in innovative learning methods, as well as the importance of support from parents and the community.
Teacher’s Readiness Toward Artificial Intelligence in The School of North Bali
Authors: Purnama M. Rokhman , Adnyana I Putu Iwan Krisna , Sogen Afrianto T.L , Indrawan Gede , Santosa Made Hery
Published: January 2025

This study aims to analyze teachers' readiness to integrate artificial intelligence into education for the digital revolution. In this study, teachers were randomly selected with a total of 73 teachers from various subjects. This research used a quantitative method of using questionnaires for data collection. The data analysis technique in this research uses descriptive quantitative.  Based on the research findings, technical ability, institutional support, adequate technological infrastructure, and school facilities affected teachers' readiness to use various types of artificial intelligence. Urban teachers were more ready than rural teachers, largely because urban teachers have more access to training materials and technology than rural teachers. In the future, in enabling AI to be used effectively to improve learning standards, government support needs to conduct specialized AI training at various school levels from urban to rural areas, in particular, stronger institutional support, and better school infrastructure and facilities to enhance teachers' readiness to face the digital revolution in education.
Improvement on Distinguishing ‘B’ and ‘D’ Letter : Direct Instruction Flashcards Intervention for A Slow Learner
Authors: Anjani Siti Dwita , Kurniawati Farida
Published: January 2025

This research aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of Direct Instruction (DI) Flashcards in helping a slow learner distinguish between the letters ‘b’ and ‘d’ using a pretest-posttest experimental design with an A-B structure. Data was gathered through observations and IQ testing. Through IQ testing, the subject ‘s intelligence capacity score fell in the Borderline Intellectual Functioning category (IQ = 83, Wechsler scale). Observations showed that the subject was a quiet student at school and rarely interacted with peers due to low self-esteem. Direct Instruction (DI) Flashcards are effective for students with poor cognitive capacity and low self-esteem due to their structured approach. This method provides clear expectations, explicit instruction, and consistent feedback, fostering a sense of competence and confidence in slow learners. The subject underwent a series of five sessions, including a pre-test, practice activities, and a post-test. Pretest and posttest scores were recorded, noting the number of correct and incorrect words to assess reading improvement. Observations during treatment sessions provided qualitative insights into the subject's learning process, highlighting specific challenges and strategies that enhanced performance. Error patterns were identified and addressed to improve reading accuracy. The findings of this research confirm that using direct instruction flashcards as a reading practice method is effective to improve slow learner student’s reading skills. This research underscores the value of tailored interventions for students with learning difficulties, such as slow learners. Effective interventions rely on attentive observation from teachers or caregivers to understand the challenges faced by the student, timely feedback to enhance self-awareness, and consistent encouragement to boost motivation and engagement in practice.
Developing Augmented Reality-Based Interactive Learning Media to Improve Critical Thinking Skills of Elementary School Students
Authors: Sulthon Ilma Kamila , Nuriman Nuriman , Handayani Rif'ati Dina
Published: January 2025

This study aims to develop augmented reality according to interactive learning media to improve the skills of critical thinking of students at elementary school. This research used research and also development by using a 4D model including Define, Design, Develop, and also Disseminate. The data collection technique used questionnaires, observations and tests used for validity tests, practicality tests and effectiveness tests in research. The findings of the study showed that the augmented reality based interactive media of learning developed was included in having an average validity score of 90.01% in the highly valid category. The practicality test based on the findings of student responses and observation of implementation had an average score of 84.03% categorized as highly practical. The effectiveness test of ability of critical thinking analysis resulted in a score of an N-gain of 0.51 in the medium category, which can significantly improve the thinking ability of elementary school students in subjects of science. In short, the use of augmented reality-based interactive learning media in elementary school learning can improve critical thinking skills.
Cross-Cultural Education Model Through Multicultural Classrooms : An Ethnographic Study in Secondary Schools
Authors: Maulani Hikmah , Erihadiana Mohamad , Ruswandi Uus
Published: January 2025

This study aims to analyze the implementation of cross-cultural reflection within the context of multicultural education, focusing on understanding the dynamics of cultural diversity in the classroom. This research uses an ethnographic method with a qualitative approach. The research data were obtained through participant observation, in-depth interviews, and document analysis in several multicultural schools in Indonesia. Data analysis Involves identifying recurring themes, patterns, and ideas within the data, process of comparing data segments to identify similarities and differences, focuses on the stories and experiences shared by participants. The findings indicate that cross-cultural education plays an important role in improving intercultural understanding, motivating students, and creating a more inclusive learning environment. The integration of local culture into learning through the use of folklore and traditional practices has proven effective in increasing student engagement. In addition, the results of the study reveal the need for further training for teachers in adopting an ethnopedagogical approach to overcome learning barriers due to cultural differences.
Empirical effect of the Dr Lee Jong-wook Fellowship Program to empower sustainable change for the health workforce in Tanzania: a mixed-methods study
Authors: Dauda Masoud , Yusuph Swabaha Aidarus , Yasini Harouni , Mmbaga Issa , Mwambinngu Perpetua , Park Hansol , Seo Gyeongbae , Oh Kyoung Kyun
Published: January 2025

Purpose: This study evaluated the Dr Lee Jong-wook Fellowship Program’s impact on Tanzania’s health workforce, focusing on relevance, effectiveness, efficiency, impact, and sustainability in addressing healthcare gaps.Methods: A mixed-methods research design was employed. Data were collected from 97 out of 140 alumni through an online survey, 35 in-depth interviews, and one focus group discussion. The study was conducted from November to December 2023 and included alumni from 2009 to 2022. Measurement instruments included structured questionnaires for quantitative data and semi-structured guides for qualitative data. Quantitative analysis involved descriptive and inferential statistics (Spearman’s rank correlation, non-parametric tests) using Python ver. 3.11.0 and Stata ver. 14.0. Thematic analysis was employed to analyze qualitative data using NVivo ver. 12.0.Results: Findings indicated high relevance (mean=91.6, standard deviation [SD]=8.6), effectiveness (mean=86.1, SD=11.2), efficiency (mean=82.7, SD=10.2), and impact (mean=87.7, SD=9.9), with improved skills, confidence, and institutional service quality. However, sustainability had a lower score (mean=58.0, SD=11.1), reflecting challenges in follow-up support and resource allocation. Effectiveness strongly correlated with impact (ρ=0.746, P<0.001). The qualitative findings revealed that participants valued tailored training but highlighted barriers, such as language challenges and insufficient practical components. Alumni-led initiatives contributed to knowledge sharing, but limited resources constrained sustainability.Conclusion: The Fellowship Program enhanced Tanzania’s health workforce capacity, but it requires localized curricula and strengthened alumni networks for sustainability. These findings provide actionable insights for improving similar programs globally, confirming the hypothesis that tailored training positively influences workforce and institutional outcomes.
To Measure is to Predict
Authors:   , van Nieuwenhuijzen Niels
Published: January 2025

For decades, treatment choices were few, and those available were tailored merely to a patient’s age and comorbidities. Currently, treatment choices are adapted to clinical parameters and cytogenetic features. The work presented in this thesis contributes to a future in which therapeutic strategies in MM will become ever more adapted to the individual patient. Different chapters of this thesis have focused on either unravelling disease biology to reveal novel biomarkers of therapy response or ex vivo treatment of patient-derived MM cells to measure drug sensitivity.
Ultimately, some combination of both strategies might prove best in informing clinicians on choice of therapy in patients with relapsed MM. I envisage a future in which choices of first or second lines of therapy are determined by measuring the presence or activity of a certain biological predictive biomarker. As such, we will use therapy regimens based on a patient’s biological disease characteristics. Then, as a patient progresses through multiple lines of relapse and collects many new mutations, we can use ex vivo drug sensitivity measurements to choose the best kind of treatment from the basket of drugs that have not been used yet. Alternatively, we can use ex vivo models to test whether the myeloma clone is still, or again, sensitive for a drug that has been previously used. For every approach to prediction of response to therapy, we’ll need to measure to predict.
Implementación del sello mujeres víctimas de violencia en Ecuador
Authors:   Consultora Geodata, Jorgge Carrera Alex Roberto , Ayala Guerra Andrea Paola ,   Instituto Ecuatoriano de Seguridad Social, Álvarez Mora Christian Fernando ,   Investigador independiente
Published: January 2025

En la presente investigación tiene como objetivo general presentar una propuesta de intervención empresarial para erradicar la violencia contra la mujer a través del análisis de las políticas internas de igualdad de género y cero tolerancias hacia la violencia. Para ello se realizó un estudio de fuentes teóricas sobre la violencia contra las mujeres, en sus enfoques psicológico, sociológico, económico, de salud y legal, lo que permitió caracterizar ese fenómeno social y el marco regulatorio vigente en Ecuador, con base en lo cual se formula una propuesta que permitiría a las empresas obtener y usar el Sello Empresa Segura Libre de Violencia y Discriminación contra las Mujeres, si adoptan medidas de buenas prácticas en materia de prevención de la violencia contra las mujeres y la discriminación por razón de género, la gestión de conflictos, canales de denuncias con protección para los denunciantes y sanciones efectivas a los agresores. El estudio se desarrolló bajo un enfoque mixto donde las fuentes teóricas y normativas fueron analizadas de manera cualitativa, mientras los datos obtenidos de la encuesta se analizaron con enfoque cuantitativo que permitió su representación gráfica y porcentual. En lo principal se concluye que la propuesta de la investigación daría en las empresas un salto cualitativo en la protección de las mujeres trabajadores, por lo que se propone su implementación siguiendo los pasos indicados en la misma.
Evaluación del uso de la fuerza policial y la vulneración de derechos humanos durante las protestas de octubre de 2019 en Ecuador
Authors:   Consejo de Participación Ciudadana y Control Social, Yánez Llerena Fernando Polibio , Salguero Romero Jessica Mishell ,   Asamblea Nacional del Ecuador, Jara Urquizo Paola Margarita ,   Dirección Provincial de Tungurahua del Consejo de la Judicatura
Published: January 2025

La Constitución de la República del Ecuador y los tratados internacionales de derechos humanos ratificados por este país son garantistas de derechos humanos. El objetivo del estudio fue crear un espacio cognoscitivo y evaluar el uso de la fuerza ejercido por los agentes de la Policía Nacional en las manifestaciones de octubre de 2019 en Ecuador, provocadas por la promulgación del Decreto Ejecutivo 883, que contenía la eliminación del subsidio al combustible extra, súper y diésel, tras 45 años de vigor, induciendo a grandes movilizaciones a la capital de la República, como epicentro de estos disturbios. En la investigación se analizaron desde los conceptos básicos, normativa legal, y procedimientos. Se enfatizó la importancia de la naturaleza interpretativa de los temas legales relacionados a la vulneración de derechos humanos y fundamentales previstos en la Carta Magna, tras la transgresión por parte de los servidores policiales. Se realizó un estudio bibliográfico con un enfoque cualitativo. Se construyó un análisis estructurado y riguroso sobre la inapropiada aplicación de la normativa que rige en relación del uso progresivo de la fuerza, proporcionando así una base para futuras intervenciones y control normativo de los servidores policiales. Se determinó la violación a los derechos humanos, cometidos durante las protestas de octubre de 2019, en Quito, las que tuvieron un impacto significativo en las víctimas, sus familias y la sociedad en su conjunto. Las lesiones físicas y psicológicas, la privación de libertad arbitraria y la violación de derechos fundamentales generó un clima de desconfianza hacia las autoridades.
Strategic Maneuvering at the Confrontation Stage in the Depp versus Heard Legal Case
Authors:  Alsalehi Mayasa Kadhim , Flayih  Rajaa’ Mardaan
Published: January 2025

Strategic maneuvering, an extension of pragma-dialectics, has three dimensions: topical potential, audience demands, and presentational devices. This study focuses on strategic maneuvering in the pragma-dialectical framework, specifically at the confrontation stage, to frame arguments within a legal context. The primary objective is to analyze how differences of opinion manifest as resistance and non-acceptance of viewpoints, aiming to achieve a balance between dialectical and rhetorical goals. The study centers on the arguments presented by Johnny Depp and Amber Heard’s attorneys during the opening statement of the defamation case. The main objectives are to attain reasonableness and effectiveness during the confrontation stage, while adhering to the rules of critical discussion and considering the expectations of the jury. An eclectic model is employed, drawing on Eemeren and Houtlosser’s fair trial (2006), which is grounded in critical discourse, as well as insights from Eemeren (2010), and McQuarrie and Mick (1996). This analysis revealed a balance between reasonableness and effectiveness during the confrontation, but also highlighted recurring violations of reasonableness during the argumentation stage. Furthermore, audience demands are consistently addressed in all stages except that of argumentation, and limited utilization of presentational techniques is observed.
Decoding MexB efflux pump genes: structural, molecular, and phylogenetic analysis of multidrug-resistant and extensively drug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Authors: Habib Muhammad Bilal , Shah Naseer Ali , Amir Afreenish , Alghamdi Huda Ahmed , Tariq Muhammad Haseeb , Nisa Kiran , Ammoun Mariam
Published: January 2025

Objective

Emerging drug resistance in Pseudomonas aeruginosa is of great concern in clinical settings. P. aeruginosa activates its efflux-pump system in order to evade the effect of antibiotics. The current investigation aims to detect MexB genes in P. aeruginosa, their structural and molecular analysis and their impact on antimicrobial susceptibility profiling.

Methods

A total of 42 clinical specimens were aseptically collected from hospitalized patients who had underlying infections related to medical implants. Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight (MALDI-ToF) were used for the identification of isolates. The methods used in this study were antibiotic susceptibility profiling, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), polymerase chain reaction (PCR), sanger sequencing, phylogenetic analysis, MolProbity score, Ramachandran plot analysis and multiple sequence alignment.

Results

The highest resistance was shown by P. aeruginosa against cefoperazone (67%), gentamycin and amikacin (66%) each, followed by cefotaxime (64%). The prevalence of multi-drug resistant (MDR) and extensively drug resistant (XDR) was 57% and 12%, respectively. The presence of an active efflux-pump system was indicated by the MexB genes found in most of the resistant isolates (p<0.05). Following addition of efflux pump inhibitor carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenyl hydrazone (CCCP), a significant decrease (p<0.05) in MIC was observed in resistance, that revealed the presence of active efflux pump system. Phylogenetic analysis revealed evolutionary relationships with the P. aeruginosa strains isolated in Switzerland, Denmark and Germany. Protein domain architecture revealed that MexB gene proteins were involved in particular efflux pump function. Protein sequences aligned by multiple sequence alignment revealed conserved regions and sequence variants, which suggested antibiotic translocation and evolutionary divergence. These highly conserved regions could be used for diagnostic purposes of efflux pump MexB genes.

Conclusion

To avoid their spread in hospital settings, responsible authorities ought to begin rigorous initiatives in order to reduce the prevalence of multi-drug resistant, extensively drug resistant, and efflux pump carrying isolates in clinical settings.
Investigating the potential immunomodulatory effects of commercial oral probiotic supplements on equine gastrointestinal tract barrier function
Authors: Żak-Bochenek Agnieszka , Żebrowska-Różańska Paulina , Bajzert Joanna , Łaczmański Łukasz , Szponar Bogumiła , Siwińska Natalia , Gładysz Klaudia , Sikorska Katarzyna , Chełmońska-Soyta Anna
Published: January 2025

Background

Oral probiotic dietary supplements are widely used in veterinary medicine, including in horses. It is hypothesized that the presence of probiotic strains can both modulate the intestinal microbiota and affect mucosal immunity parameters. Such a study has not yet been conducted in horses.

Methods

This study involved 12 healthy horses, which were randomly divided into a control group and a group that received a commercial oral probiotic formula containing Lactobacillus rhamnosus, Pedioccus acidilactici or Enterococcus faecium for 84 days. Fecal samples were collected from all horses on day 0 (D0), 28 days after starting the probiotic (D28), 56 days (D56), 84 days (D84) and 28 days after stopping the probiotic (DX) treatment. The samples were subjected to microbiome analysis via next-generation sequencing of hypervariable regions V3-V4 and V7-V9 of the 16S rRNA gene for analysis of short-chain fatty acids via HPLC analysis and fecal secretory immunoglobulin A (SIgA) quantification via ELISA.

Results

Microbiome analysis revealed no significant differences in either alpha or beta diversity parameters between the groups. No probiotic strains were detected in the samples. Significant changes were detected in three taxa: the family Bacteroidales RF16 group, the genus Erysipelotrichaceae UCG-004, and the genus Fibrobacter during the study in both groups. In all the cases, there was a gradual decrease in relative abundance over time. The concentrations of SCFAs, specifically acetic and propionic acids, significantly increased over time in both groups according to the generalized linear mixed effects (GLME) model. There were no significant differences in fecal SIgA secretion.

Conclusion

The present study revealed no effect of the use of a commercial probiotic dietary supplement on either mucosal immunity or the composition of the intestinal microbiota.
Effects of different microplastics on the physicochemical properties and microbial diversity of rice rhizosphere soil
Authors: Lai Sheng , Fan Cunzhong , Yang Ping , Fang Yuanyuan , Zhang Lanting , Jian Minfei , Dai Guofei , Liu Jutao , Yang Huilin , Shen Liqin
Published: January 2025

Biodegradable plastics, as alternatives to conventional waste plastics, are increasingly applied across various fields. However, the ecological risks associated with the widespread use of biodegradable plastics remain unclear. Additionally, biodegradable plastics tend to age in the environment, leading to changes in their physicochemical properties. The ecological risks brought by the aging of microplastics have also been scarcely studied. In this study, we selected conventional microplastics (PE-MPs), biodegradable microplastics (PLA-MPs), and aged biodegradable microplastics (aging-PLA-MPs) to explore their effects on the rhizosphere soil environment of rice. The results showed that microplastics reduced the soil N and P content, with PE slightly increasing the DOC content, while PLA and aging-PLA significantly increased DOC by 21.13 and 24.04%, respectively. Microplastics also decreased soil enzyme activity, with aging-PLA having a somewhat stimulatory effect on enzyme activity compared to PLA. Furthermore, microplastics reduced the soil bacterial diversity index and altered the community structure of dominant bacterial species, with DOC content and FDA hydrolase being the main factors influencing the soil bacterial community. Bacteria were most sensitive to PLA, and the stability of the bacterial microbial network structure decreased, although aging reduced the negative impact of PLA on the bacterial community. This study contributes to our understanding of the ecological risks posed by biodegradable plastics and their aging processes on the environment.
Comprehensive analysis of causal pathogens and determinants influencing black rot disease development in MD2 pineapples
Authors: Kuruppu Manori , Siddiqui Yasmeen , Khalil Hala Badr
Published: January 2025

Malaysia ranks among the world’s top 20 pineapple producers, driven by the success of the MD2 variety in meeting domestic and international demand. However, postharvest losses due to pathological diseases remain a challenge. Black rot, a major postharvest disease, causes significant economic losses in pineapples. Despite its presence in various cultivars, its aetiology, specifically in MD2 pineapples remains unclear. This study was conducted to identify the principal causative pathogen of black rot disease in pineapple from three different regions. In addition, critical factors influencing black rot disease were investigated, such as the minimum inoculum concentration, appropriate storage temperature, and maturity index required to initiate infection. Thielaviopsis paradoxa was identified as the primary pathogen causing black rot, with 50 and 45% occurrence at two specific cultivation sites. Other associated pathogens included Lasiodiplodea theobromae, Trichoderma asperellum, Curvularia eragrostidis, Neoscytalidium dimidiatum, Aspergillus assiutensis, and Aspergillus aculeatus. Fruits stored at ambient temperature with a maturity index of 2 showed higher disease progression than those in cold storage. A minimum inoculum concentration of 1 × 104 CFU/mL was sufficient for infection at both storage conditions. The Pearson correlation analysis revealed a weak positive link (r > 0.39, p < 0.0001) between harvesting index and fruit pH, while pH and storage temperature had a strong positive correlation (r = 0.83, p < 0.0001). The increments in pH correlated with lesion length and infected area (r = 0.83 and r = 0.82, respectively). The harvesting index showed a strong positive correlation with the proportion of infected area (r = 0.86, p < 0.0001). The telomorph state of T. paradoxa, identified as Ceratocystis paradoxa, persists in soil and decaying plant material, acting as a quiescent pathogen, increasing cross-contamination risks. Urgent measures are required to reduce postharvest losses and maintain the quality of pineapples for international markets.
Burden and trends of dietary iron deficiency in the Middle East and North Africa region, 1990–2021
Authors: Safiri Saeid , Amiri Fatemeh , Karamzad Nahid , Sullman Mark J. M. , Kolahi Ali-Asghar , Abdollahi Morteza
Published: January 2025

Objective

To assess the burden of dietary iron deficiency in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region, focusing on prevalence and years lived with disability (YLD) in 2021 and their changes since 1990.

Methods

Data from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2021 study were utilised to report counts and age-standardised rates for prevalence and YLD related to dietary iron deficiency. All estimates were accompanied by 95% uncertainty intervals (UIs).

Results

In 2021, the age-standardised prevalence of dietary iron deficiency in the MENA region was 14368.2 per 100,000, representing a 26% decline since 1990. The highest age-standardised prevalence rates were observed in Yemen (30146.5), Sudan (19296.9), and Morocco (15,303) per 100,000 population. Prevalence was notably highest among children under 5 years old and women of reproductive age, with a gradual decline in older age groups. The greatest reductions in prevalence were seen among older age groups, indicating an age-related downward trend from 1990 to 2021.

Conclusion

Despite some improvements, dietary iron deficiency remains a significant public health concern in the MENA region, particularly in countries with lower socio-demographic indices (SDI). Targeted interventions are essential, especially for vulnerable groups such as children and women.
Shenshuaikang enema restores the intestinal barrier and microbiota-gut-kidney axis balance to alleviate chronic kidney disease via NF-κB pathway
Authors: Ye Yan , Huang Xiaopeng , Li Xueying , Gao Fei , Zhong Wenzhen , Tang Anqi , Zhao Liangbin , Xie Dengpiao , Ye Naijing
Published: January 2025

Introduction

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a chronic progressive disease characterized by abnormalities in kidney structure or function caused by variousfactors. It has become a significant public health problem, posing a threat to human health worldwide. Shenshuaikang enema (SSKE) has demonstrated notable efficacy and safety in treating CKD, although its mechanism of action remains unclear.

Methods

The CKD rat model was induced using 2.5% adenine, and the effect of SSKE was evaluated by detecting uremic toxins, inflammatory cytokines, and renal function. The structure of the intestine and kidney was observed using electron microscopy. Pathological changes in the intestine and kidney were detected by H&E staining. The expression of Occludin, Claudin-1, and ZO-1 in the intestine was detected by immunohistochemistry. The degree of renal fibrosis was observed using Masson and PAS staining. The expression of NF-κB and MyD88 protein in the intestine, and the expression of F4/80, TLR4, NF-κB and MyD88 in the kidney were detected by immunofluorescence staining. NF-κB-RE-Luc transgenic mice were used to construct a CKD mouse model, and changes in fluorescence intensity in mice and isolated kidney tissues were detected within 1–6 days using a small animal live imager. Finally, 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing was used to monitor changes in intestinal flora in CKD patients before and after SSKE treatment.

Results

We found that SSKE improves renal function, attenuates renal fibrosis, reduces inflammatory factor levels, and decreases damage to intestinal and renal structures in adenine-induced CKD rats. Additionally, our results suggest that SSKE regulates NF-κB pathways, increases the expression of tight junction proteins, improves intestinal permeability, promotes the growth of beneficial bacteria, inhibits the proliferation of harmful bacteria, and reduces metabolic disorders. Ultimately, these effects contribute to the efficacy of SSKE in treating CKD.

Conclusion

These results indicate that SSKE restores intestinal barrier function by regulating the microbiota-gut-kidney axis, thereby treating CKD.