bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Paraoxonase 1 gene polymorphisms in patients with osteonecrosis of the femoral head with and without cerebral white matter lesions
Authors: Hadjigeorgiou Georgios M. , Malizos Konstantinos , Dardiotis Efthimios , Aggelakis Konstantinos , Dardioti Maria , Zibis Aristidis , Dimitroulias Apostolos , Scarmeas Nikolaos , Tsezou Aspasia , Karantanas Apostolos
Published: April 2007

Cerebral white matter lesions (WML) are present in more than 50% of patients with osteonecrosis of the femoral head (ONFH). Paraoxonase 1 (PON1) gene product is a detoxifying and pesticide metabolizing enzyme. Genetic variants of the PON1 gene have been found to influence the occurrence and progression of WML. We examined whether two PON1 polymorphisms (M55L and R192Q) are associated with ONFH and influence the occurrence of WML. We studied 104 patients with ONFH and 113 healthy age‐ and sex‐matched subjects. We used logistic regression models to examine associations and survival analyses (Cox proportional hazards models) to examine possible influence of alleles on age at onset of ONFH. We found no association of PON1 M55L alleles and genotypes with ONFH. The distribution of PON1 Q192R alleles (p = 0.001) and genotypes (QQ vs. QR/RR) (p = 0.004) were statistically different between controls and patients. Patients with QQ genotype had six times higher risk for WML at brain MRI (adjusted OR 5.95; 95% CI 1.30–27.03; p = 0.02). In Cox models, there was a significant association of allele Q with risk for ONFH indicating a possible dose effect (HR = 1.43; 95%CI = 1.04–1.97; p for trend = 0.03). We conclude that individuals with PON1 192QQ genotype may have increased risk for ONFH and WMLeOn. © 2007 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 25:1087–1093, 2007
Measurement of varus–valgus and internal–external rotational knee laxities in vivo—Part II: relationship with anterior–posterior and general joint laxity in males and females
Authors: Shultz Sandra J. , Shimokochi Yohei , Nguyen Anh‐Dung , Schmitz Randy J. , Beynnon Bruce D. , Perrin David H.
Published: April 2007

We examined sex differences in general joint laxity (GJL), and anterior–posterior displacement (ANT–POST), varus–valgus rotation (VR–VL), and internal–external rotation (INT–EXT) knee laxities, and determined whether greater ANT and GJL predicted greater VR–VL and INT–EXT. Twenty subjects were measured for GJL, and scored on a scale of 0–9. ANT and POST were measured using a standard knee arthrometer at 133 N. VR–VL and INT–EXT were measured using a custom joint laxity testing device, defined as the angular displacements (deg) of the tibia relative to the femur produced by 0–10 Nm of varus–valgus torques, and 0–5 Nm of internal–external torques, respectively. INT–EXT were measured during both non‐weight‐bearing (NWB) and weight‐bearing (WB = 40% body weight) conditions while VR–VL were measured NWB. All laxity measures were greater for females compared to males except for POST. ANT and GJL positively predicted 62.5% of the variance in VR–VL and 41.8% of the variance in WB INT–EXT. ANT was the sole predictor of INT–EXT in NWB, explaining 42.3% of the variance. These findings suggest that subjects who score higher on clinical measures of GJL and ANT are also likely to have greater VR–VL and INT–EXT knee laxities. © 2007 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 25:989–996, 2007
Donor variation and loss of multipotency during in vitro expansion of human mesenchymal stem cells for bone tissue engineering
Authors: Siddappa Ramakrishnaiah , Licht Ruud , van Blitterswijk Clemens , de Boer Jan
Published: April 2007

The use of multipotent human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) for tissue engineering has been a subject of extensive research. The donor variation in growth, differentiation and in vivo bone forming ability of hMSCs is a bottleneck for standardization of therapeutic protocols. In this study, we isolated and characterized hMSCs from 19 independent donors, aged between 27 and 85 years, and investigated the extent of heterogeneity of the cells and the extent to which hMSCs can be expanded without loosing multipotency. Dexamethasone‐induced ALP expression varied between 1.2‐ and 3.7‐fold, but no correlation was found with age, gender, or source of isolation. The cells from donors with a higher percentage of ALP‐positive cells in control and dexamethasone‐induced groups showed more calcium deposition than cells with lower percentage of ALP positive cells. Despite the variability in osteogenic gene expression among the donors tested, ALP, Collagen type 1, osteocalcin, and S100A4 showed similar trends during the course of osteogenic differentiation. In vitro expansion studies showed that hMSCs can be effectively expanded up to four passages (approximately 10–12 population doublings from a P0 culture) while retaining their multipotency. Our in vivo studies suggest a correlation between in vitro ALP expression and in vivo bone formation. In conclusion, irrespective of age, gender, and source of isolation, cells from all donors showed osteogenic potential. The variability in ALP expression appears to be a result of sampling method and cellular heterogeneity among the donor population. © 2007 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 25:1029–1041, 2007
The effect of a subject‐specific amount of lateral wedge on knee mechanics in patients with medial knee osteoarthritis
Authors: Butler Robert J. , Marchesi Stephanie , Royer Todd , Davis Irene S.
Published: April 2007

We examined if a subject‐specific amount of lateral wedge added to a foot orthosis could alter knee mechanics to potentially reduce the progression of knee osteoarthritis in patients with medial knee osteoarthritis. Twenty individuals with medial knee osteoarthritis (≥2 Kellgren Lawrence grade) were prescribed a custom laterally wedged foot orthotic device. The prescribed wedge amount was the minimal wedge amount that provided the maximum amount of pain reduction during a lateral step‐down test. Following an accommodation period, all subjects returned to the laboratory for a gait analysis. Knee mechanics were collected as the subjects walked at an intentional walking speed. Walking in the laterally wedged orthotic device significantly reduced the peak adduction moment during early stance (p < 0.01) compared to the nonwedged device. Similarly, the wedged orthotic device significantly reduced the knee adduction excursion from heel strike to peak adduction (p < 0.01) compared to the nonwedged device. No differences in the peak adduction moment during propulsion or peak adduction during stance were observed between the orthotic conditions. A subject‐specific laterally wedged orthotic device was able to reduce the peak knee adduction moment during early stance, which is thought to be associated with the progression of knee osteoarthritis. Previous studies on this device have reported issues associated with foot discomfort when using wedge amounts >7 degrees; however, no such issues were reported in this study. Therefore, providing a custom laterally wedged orthotic device may potentially increase compliance while still potentially reducing disease progression. © 2007 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 25:1121–1127, 2007
Repair of bone defects in revision hip arthroplasty by implantation of a new bone‐inducing material comprised of recombinant human BMP‐2, Beta‐TCP powder, and a biodegradable polymer: An experimental study in dogs
Authors: Hoshino Masatoshi , Namikawa Takashi , Kato Minori , Terai Hidetomi , Taguchi Susumu , Takaoka Kunio
Published: April 2007

A recombinant BMP‐2‐retaining putty‐form implant in combination with a hip prosthesis was used to reconstruct a canine hip joint with defects similar to those encountered in revision total hip arthroplasty (THA). The bone defects were made by resecting the medial half of the proximal femur and the superior acetabular bone with inner iliac wall perforation in 10 dogs. In five dogs, hip prostheses were implanted with the putty material consisting of a synthetic polymer (poly D,L‐lactic acid‐polyethylene glycol block copolymer), β‐tricalcium phosphate powder, and recombinant human BMP‐2 in each defect (BMP/Polymer/TCP group). In the remaining five dogs, the same material without rhBMP‐2 (control group) was implanted. In the BMP/Polymer/TCP group, new radiopaque shadows began to appear 4 weeks after surgery at the defects around the hip prostheses on both the femoral and acetabular sides. At 12 weeks, the defects were completely filled with new bone in contact with the prosthesis. On histology, the rhBMP‐2/Polymer/β‐TCP composite putty implants had been completely resorbed and replaced by new bone. Repair of the bone defects was not seen in the control group. The ability of this material to restore bone effectively eliminates the dependency on bone grafts of autogeneic or allogeneic origin for revision hip arthroplasty and thus opens up a potential new treatment approach in hip cases requiring this type of surgery. © 2007 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 25:1042–1051, 2007
Tea extraction methods in relation to control of epimerization of tea catechins
Authors: Liang Huiling , Liang Yuerong , Dong Junjie , Lu Jianliang
Published: April 2007

Effect of water temperature and ethanol concentration on epimerization and extractability of tea catechins was investigated. The results showed that epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) and epicatechin gallate (ECG) were partially epimerized into gallocatechin gallate (GCG) and catechin gallate (CG), respectively, when tea catechins extract was heated in water solution at 100 °C for 2 h or dry tea was extracted in water at 100 °C. The epimerization of the catechins was inhibited if the tea catechins extract was heated as solid powder and the dry tea was extracted in 50% (v/v) ethanol or in water at 80 °C or below. When the dry tea was extracted in water, the extractability of catechins increased with the increase of extraction temperature up to 100 °C, but there was no statistically significant difference in total catechins between 80 °C and 100 °C. When teas were extracted using ethanol solutions, the highest extractability of total catechins was obtained in 50% (v/v) ethanol for dry tea and in 75% (v/v) ethanol for fresh tea leaf. In order to reveal the real profiles of tea catechins in teas to be tested, dry tea should be extracted in 50% (v/v) ethanol for 10 min, while fresh tea leaf should be extracted in 75% (v/v) ethanol for 10 min. For commercial extraction, temperature should be controlled at 80 °C if water is used as the solvent. Copyright © 2007 Society of Chemical Industry
Surgery in malignant pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors
Authors: Nguyen Scott Q. , Angel Luz P. , Divino Celia M. , Schluender Stefanie , Warner Richard R.P.
Published: April 2007

Background

Because of their rarity and indolent nature, optimal management of malignant pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors remains controversial. The purpose of this study is to review a series of patients with these tumors and investigate the role of surgery in the treatment.

Methods

A retrospective study of 73 patients (ages 24–86 years; 36 women) undergoing treatment at a tertiary academic medical center was performed. Patient demographics, diagnostic tests, operations, pathologic findings, adjuvant treatments, and survival were reviewed.

Results

Seventy‐four percent of patients had advanced disease with hepatic metastases and 30% had functional tumors. Fifty‐seven percent of the patients underwent pancreatic resections. Two 60‐day mortalities occurred and the postoperative complication rate was 27%. Overall 5‐year survival rate was 44%. There was no difference in survival between patients with functional and nonfunctional tumors. Patients undergoing resection, even in metastatic disease, had better survival than patients who had no resection (60% vs. 30%, P = 0.025). Recurrence occurred in 20% of patients who underwent a curative resection.

Conclusion

Patients with malignant pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors commonly present with advanced disease. Although, curative resection is not frequent, survival benefit may be obtainable with aggressive surgical management even in the face of metastatic disease. J. Surg. Oncol. 2007;96:397–403. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Taurolidine induces apoptosis of murine melanoma cells in vitro and in vivo by modulation of the Bcl‐2 family proteins
Authors: Sun Bao Sheng , Wang Jiang Huai , Liu Lin Lin , Gong Shou Liang , Redmond H. Paul
Published: April 2007

Background

This study evaluates whether taurolidine, a novel antibiotic agent, induces murine melanoma cell apoptosis in vitro and in vivo.

Methods

Murine melanoma cells (B16 4A5 and B16 F10) were treated with taurolidine (0–100 µM) for 12 and 24 hr. Cell viability and apoptosis were assessed by MTT assay and FACScan analysis. Expression of the Bcl‐2 family proteins was detected by Western blot analysis. In vivo, taurolidine‐induced anti‐tumor cytotoxicity was assessed in C57BL/6 mice. Therapeutic effectiveness, by intraperitoneal injection of taurolidine (15 mg/mouse) on alternate days for 2 weeks, was evaluated in mice bearing B16 4A5 tumor xenografts. Primary and metastatic tumor growth and intra‐tumor apoptotic index were measured.

Results

Taurolidine induced cell apoptosis and reduced cell viability in murine melanoma cells. The pro‐apoptotic protein Bax was enhanced, whereas the anti‐apoptotic protein Bcl‐2 was inhibited by taurolidine treatment. In vivo, systemic injection of 15‐mg taurolidine was identified as the maximally tolerated dose. Administration of taurolidine at 15 mg/mouse significantly inhibited primary and metastatic tumor growth, which was mirrored by a significantly increased intra‐tumor apoptotic index.

Conclusions

These results demonstrate that taurolidine significantly attenuated melanoma tumor growth, which may result from taurolidine‐induced apoptosis by modulation of the Bcl‐2 family proteins. J. Surg. Oncol. 2007;96: 241–248. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Passive mode-locking with carbon nanotube saturable absorber in Nd:GdVO4 and Nd:Y0.9Gd0.1VO4 lasers operating at 1.34 μm
Authors: Garnov S V , Solokhin S A , Obraztsova E D , Lobach A S , Obraztsov P A , Chernov A I , Bukin V V , Sirotkin A A , Zagumennyi Y D , Zavartsev Y D , Kutovoi S A , Shcherbakov I A
Published: April 2007

A flash-lamp pumped passively mode-locked neodymium-doped vanadate lasers operated at 1.34 μm wavelength have been developed using a novel saturable absorber consisted of single-wall carbon nanotubes incorporated in a polymer matrix. Laser pulses with the output energy up to 50 μJ and the duration of 30 ps were generated.
Stabilization of highly unsaturated fatty acids and delivery into foods
Authors: Barrow Colin J. , Nolan Coleen , Jin Yulai
Published: April 2007

Highly unsaturated fatty acids derived from fish or algal oils, particularly EPA and DHA, are in high demand as healthy food ingredients in fortified foods. Due to their oxidative instability most food products incorporate stabilized microencapsulated EPA and DHA oils to avoid negative sensory impact associated with oxidation of these fatty acids. Complex coacervation has been particularly successful in stabilizing fish oil and providing an ingredient with a sensory shelf‐life consistent with that of the food product. Overcoming the technical challenges associated with the instability of these oils will help drive growth of the omega‐3 fortified healthy food ingredient market.
Photoinitiated Cationic Polymerization of Cycloaliphatic Epoxide/Vinyl Ether Systems Studied by Near‐Infrared Reflection Spectroscopy
Authors: Scherzer Tom , Buchmeiser Michael R.
Published: April 2007

Coatings from blends of cycloaliphatic epoxides and vinyl ethers were cross‐linked by UV‐induced cationic photopolymerization. The conversion of the vinyl double bonds during postcuring was followed by NIR reflection spectroscopy. The effect of various parameters such as the composition of the reactive formulation or the applied radiation dose on the kinetics of the postcuring process was studied. Finally, it was demonstrated on a pilot‐scale curing line that NIR spectroscopy can be used for inline monitoring of the actual conversion in UV‐cured coatings from cationic photopolymers.

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Crystallization, Morphology, and Enzymatic Degradation of Polyhydroxybutyrate/Polycaprolactone (PHB/PCL) Blends
Authors: Lovera Deliani , Márquez Leni , Balsamo Vittoria , Taddei Antonieta , Castelli Cristina , Müller Alejandro J.
Published: April 2007

Two types of mixtures were prepared by solution blending: high molecular weight polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB)/poly(ε‐caprolactone) (PCL) and PHB/low molecular weight chemically modified PCLs (mPCL). The morphology, crystallization, and enzymatic degradation of the blends were studied by differential scanning calorimetry, polarized light optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, 1H NMR, and weight loss measurements. In addition, enzymatic degradation studies were performed by an exposure to Aspergillus flavus. High molecular weight PHB/PCL blends were found to be immiscible in the entire composition range. Phenomena such as PCL fractionated crystallization and a decrease in PHB nucleation density were detected. When PHB was blended with mPCLs, the blends were partially miscible; two phases were formed, but the PHB‐rich phase exhibited clear signs of miscibility through a depression of both the Tm and the Tg of the PHB component (which was stronger with lower molecular weight mPCL), and an increase in the growth rate of PHB spherulites in the blends as compared to neat PHB or to the PHB component in the PHB/PCL blends. The biodegradation by a exposure to A. flavus showed that the blends are synergistically attacked in comparison to the homopolymers. Two factors may influence the improved degradation rate of the blends: the dispersion of the components and their crystallinity that was reduced in view of the fractionated crystallization and impurities transfer. In the case of the PHB/mPCL blends, the increased miscibility between the components caused a reduction in the degradation rate.

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Fluorene‐Based Single‐Chain Copolymers for Color‐Stable White Light‐Emitting Diodes
Authors: Sun Mingliang , Niu Qiaoli , Du Bin , Peng Junbiao , Yang Wei , Cao Yong
Published: April 2007

Fluorene‐based single‐chain copolymers with a white light emitter consisting of a blue and an orange chromophore have been synthesized and their photophysical and electroluminescent properties are investigated. The experimental results suggest that only a relatively small fraction of the orange‐emitting units incorporated into the fluorene is needed to achieve efficient white light emission by controlled incomplete energy transfer. A device from a copolymer with 0.02% DDQ content showed the highest external quantum efficiency of 2.64% with a luminance efficiency of 4.06 cd · A−1 with CIE coordinates (0.28, 0.24). The EL emissions are extremely stable over a wide range of current densities.

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A New Family of Styrene/Diene Rubbers
Authors: Zinck Philippe , Terrier Michaël , Mortreux André , Valente Andreia , Visseaux Marc
Published: April 2007

The insertion of single styrene units into polyisoprene is demonstrated using borohydrido rare earth/dialkylmagnesium systems. This yields a new family of styrene/diene copolymers (SBR rubbers). The resulting poly[(1,4‐trans‐isoprene)‐co‐styrene] exhibits quite narrow molecular weight distributions, up to 30% inserted styrene, and a 96–98% 1,4‐trans‐microstructure. The presence of a bulky and electron‐rich ligand in the coordination sphere of the metal leads to an increase of the amount of styrene inserted and narrower chemical composition and molecular weight distributions. The presence of significant quantities of styrene in the medium does not alter the selectivity of the reaction, in contrast with cis‐specific polymerizations.

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Impact of Solvent on Electrospinning of Zein and Analysis of Resulting Fibers
Authors: Selling Gordon W. , Biswas Atanu , Patel Alpa , Walls Dennis J. , Dunlap Christopher , Wei Yen
Published: April 2007

Zein fibers have been produced by electrospinning from acetic acid, aqueous methanol, ethanol and isopropyl alcohol. Alcohol solutions produced fibers that were predominantly ribbons. Fibers spun from acetic acid solution have a round morphology with a narrower distribution of diameters when spun under suitable conditions. The IR spectra of electrospun fibers display increased absorbance at 1 650 cm−1 relative to starting material, indicative of increased α‐helical structure. Raman spectra of fibers spun from acetic acid solution had spectral differences, having increased absorbance at 680, 750 and 860 cm−1, versus fibers spun from alcoholic solvents suggesting different tertiary structure within the fiber, which may result from different structures in solution. Polarized Raman spectroscopy taken parallel and perpendicular to the fiber axis displayed no differences, suggesting similar secondary and tertiary structures in these directions. All of the fibers had some degree of birefringence demonstrating the presence of orientation. The smaller fibers were highly birefringent throughout the fiber, while the larger fibers had orientation at the surface only. Quality fibers could not be produced from N,N‐dimethylformamide, acetone/water, acetic acid/water, 8 M urea/water or 10% NaOH/water zein solutions.

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Macromol. Chem. Phys. 9/2007
Authors: Frediani Marco , Sémeril David , Comucci Alessandro , Bettucci Lorenzo , Frediani Piero , Rosi Luca , Matt Dominique , Toupet Loïc , Kaminsky Walter
Published: April 2007

Cover: The picture shows a very promising complex (25,27‐dipropyloxy‐26,28‐dioxo‐calix[4]arene titanium (IV) dichloride) for the synthesis of UHMWPE. The polymers present remarkable regularity (NMR) and high melting temperature (DSC). The activation step of the complex with MAO (three vials on the right) and the polymerization reactor are also showed. Further details can be found in the Full Paper by M. Frediani,* D. Sémeril,* A. Comucci, L. Bettucci, P. Frediani, L. Rosi, D. Matt, L. Toupet, and W. Kaminsky on page 938.
Ein Null‐Zwei‐Gesetz auf lokalkompakten abelschen Halbgruppen
Authors: Kinzl Franz
Published: April 2007

Let λ, μ be regular probability measures on a locally compact abelian semigroup S, λ * μ the convolution of λ and μ, λn the nth iterated convolution of λ, δx the point measure of xϵS. We study the totalvariation of λn–δx * λn for n → ∞. We shall see that for a certain class of semigroups the limit of this sequence is either 0 or 2.
Banach Lattices of Bounded Operators
Authors: Schwarz H.‐U.
Published: April 2007

There are given two equivalent methods to construct BANACH lattices of compact operators. All known examples of such lattices are included.
Pushout‐Properties: An analysis of gluing constructions for graphs
Authors: Ehrig Hartmut , Kreowski Hans‐Jörg
Published: April 2007

The gluing construction for graphs, which is used in algebraic theory of graph grammars and applied in several fields of Computer Science, is a pushout construction in the category of graphs. In addition to the well known universal properties of pushouts also several nonuniversal properties are required in algebraic graph theory. A systematic collection of these nonuniversal properties is presented in this paper.
On an Ideal in Algebras of Unbounded Operators
Authors: Timmermann W.
Published: April 2007

The closure of the set of finite dimensional operators of ℒ︁+𝒟 with respect to different topologies is considered. The obtained ideals have many properties similar to those of the ideal of completely continuous operators on HILBERT space. For example, under some appropriate assumptions all continuous functionals are normal, irreducible representations are equivalent to the identical representation and so on.
The Radon‐Nikodým Property for the Space of Operators, I
Authors: Diestel J. , Morrison T. J.
Published: April 2007

Some necessary and some sufficient conditions for the space of all bounded linear operators between two BANACH spaces to have the RADON‐NIKODÝM property are given.
Quick Oscillations With Damping
Authors: Philos Ch. G. , Staikos V. A.
Published: April 2007

A class of n‐th order (n > 1) differential equations with deviating arguments is considered and sufficient conditions are established in order that all bounded quickly oscillatory solutions (i.e. oscillatory solutions whose consecutive zeros have distance which approaches zero) tend to zero at ∞.
Limit theorems under the assumption of restricted convergence on a set with a finite limit point
Authors: Jesiak Bernd
Published: April 2007

We consider double sequences {{Xnk}} of independent and asymptotically constant random variables. For certain constants An we put The central problem is the following one: Assume that {Fn} for x ϵ I ⊂ R1 converges weakly to a nonconstant limit function ψ where I is a set with a finite limit point (restricted convergence Then additional conditions ensuring the complete convergence Fn ⟹ F to a certain limit distribution function F are given. These additional conditions are weaker than the corresponding sufficient conditions known from the classical theory. Further, these results yield two new versions of the central limit theorem, see § 2. In the case of identically distributed summands with common distribution function V the assumption a sufficient to prove Fn ⟹ Fα, provided that (Fα stands for a stable distribution with characteristic exponent α).
Diffusion‐weighted imaging study of patients with essential tremor
Authors: Martinelli Paolo , Rizzo Giovanni , Manners David , Tonon Caterina , Pizza Fabio , Testa Claudia , Scaglione Cesa , Barbiroli Bruno , Lodi Raffaele
Published: April 2007

The pathophysiology of essential tremor (ET) is unknown. PET and fMRI studies have revealed bilateral activation and 1H‐MRS studies metabolic abnormalities in the cerebellum and other functionally related brain structures in ET. Diffusion‐weighted imaging (DWI) was used to search for evidence of tissue integrity abnormalities in these areas in ET patients and 10 matched controls by calculating water apparent diffusion coefficients (ADCs). Regions of interest included the left and right cerebellum, red nucleus, thalamus, caudate, putamen, pallidum, and frontal white matter. Histograms of ADCs were generated for all pixels in the infratentorial compartment and manually segmented areas corresponding to brainstem, vermis, and cerebellar hemispheres. ADC values were similar in all brain areas in patients and controls. Our study did not detect changes affecting the investigated brain regions in ET patients. These findings argue against major structural damage in the ET brain, although more subtle neurodegenerative changes cannot be ruled out. © 2007 Movement Disorder Society
The entity of jaw tremor and dystonia
Authors: Schneider Susanne A. , Bhatia Kailash P.
Published: April 2007

Background

Jaw tremor in the context of dystonia is not well recognized.

Method

We describe 7 women (average onset age 70) with jaw tremor and dystonia.

Results

All had features of primary dystonia. Applying MDS criteria for tremor, 3 had “dystonic jaw tremor”; 4 had “jaw tremor associated with dystonia”. Drugs were unhelpful. Botulinum toxin injections proved effective in 1 case.

Conclusion

We propose the entity of “jaw tremor and dystonia”. It is distinct from jaw tremor due to other causes including Parkinson's disease and essential tremor. © 2007 Movement Disorder Society
Phenotypic variability of a distinct deletion in McLeod syndrome
Authors: Miranda Marcelo , Castiglioni Claudia , Frey Beat M. , Hergersberg Martin , Danek Adrian , Jung Hans H.
Published: April 2007

The X‐linked McLeod neuroacanthocytosis syndrome strongly resembles Huntington's disease and has been reported in various countries world‐wide. Herein, we report two Chilean brothers with predominant psychiatric features at disease onset including schizophrenia‐like psychosis and obsessive compulsive disorder. Molecular genetic analysis revealed a small deletion in the XK gene (938‐942delCTCTA), which has been already described in a North American patient of Anglo‐Saxon descent and a Japanese family, presenting with seizures, muscle atrophy or chorea yet absence of psychiatric features. These findings argue against a founder effect and indicate a profound phenotypic variability associated with the 938‐942delCTCTA deletion. Our report supports the inclusion of McLeod syndrome in the differential diagnosis of Huntington's disease as well as acute psychosis in male subjects. © 2007 Movement Disorder Society
Myositis with sensory neuronopathy
Authors: França Marcondes C. , Faria Andréia V. , Queiroz Luciano S. , Nucci Anamarli
Published: April 2007

Inflammatory myopathies (IM) are a heterogeneous group of diseases characterized by immune‐mediated damage to skeletal muscle. Sensory abnormalities are rare in patients with IM. We report two patients, one with dermatomyositis and the other with inclusion‐body myositis, who presented with unexpected sensory abnormalities due to probable immune‐mediated damage to dorsal root ganglia. We emphasize the importance of combined neuroimaging and neurophysiological assessment for proper diagnosis. Muscle Nerve, 2007
Diabetes mellitus and the peripheral nervous system: Manifestations and mechanisms
Authors: Zochodne Douglas W.
Published: April 2007

Diabetes targets the peripheral nervous system with several different patterns of damage and several mechanisms of disease. Diabetic polyneuropathy (DPN) is a common disorder involving a large proportion of diabetic patients, yet its pathophysiology is controversial. Mechanisms considered have included polyol flux, microangiopathy, oxidative stress, abnormal signaling from advanced glycation endproducts and growth factor deficiency. Although some clinical trials have demonstrated modest benefits in disease stabilization or pain therapy in DPN, robust therapy capable of reversing the disease is unavailable. In this review, general aspects of DPN and other diabetic neuropathies are examined, including a summary of recent therapeutic trials. A particular emphasis is placed on the evidence that the neurobiology of DPN reflects a unique yet common and disabling neurodegenerative disorder. Muscle Nerve, 2007
Morphological analysis of bead–string shaped and core–shell attapulgite@polystyrene (ATP@PS) particles via emulsion polymerization
Authors: Liu Yushan , Liu Peng , Su Zhixing
Published: April 2007

A convenient method for the preparation of bead–string shaped and core–shell attapulgite@polystyrene (ATP@PS) composite particles through emulsion polymerization from needle‐shaped attapulgite is reported. The pretreatment of attapulgite with cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) in ultrasonic is essential for successful encapsulation and for creating strong interfacial interaction between attapulgite and polystyrene (PS). The different morphologies of the ATP@PS particles, bead–string shaped and core–shell shaped, obtained with different amounts of styrene charges, were characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Encapsulation mechanisms of the two morphologies were also developed. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Facile approach to obtain individual‐nanotube dispersion at high loading in carbon nanotubes/polyimide composites
Authors: Yang Zhi , Chen Xiaohua , Pu Yuxing , Zhou Lingping , Chen Chuansheng , Li Wenhua , Xu Longshan , Yi Bin , Wang Yanguo
Published: April 2007

A big challenge in making a composite lies in achieving individual‐nanotube dispersion of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) in a polymer matrix, without aggregation and entanglement and excellent interfacial adhesion between the CNTs and the polymers matrix. In this communication, using polyethylene glycol‐200, we successfully prepared CNT‐reinforced polyimide composites that exhibit individual‐nanotube dispertion in the matrix at high‐loading CNT's. The content of CNTs in a composite can reach 43 wt%. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Application of Al2O3 in the electrosynthesis of polypyrrole with fuzzy morphology—Microtentacle
Authors: Xiao Yinghong , Che Jianfei , Sun Xiaoliang , Wang Jing
Published: April 2007

Polypyrrole (PPy) thin films were electrochemically polymerized onto the electrode surface. In this study alumina was used as the template and PPy film was prepared by electrochemical polymerization using Al/Al2O3 as the working electrode. Surface morphology of PPy was investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and the results revealed that the application of the template resulted in PPy with fantastic surface morphology which was called microtentacle and the length of the tentacle could reach 15 µm. The morphology can evidently increase the roughness, thus the surface area of the electrode substrate, and provide an intimate contact with the surrounding brain tissue compared to the hard, stiff metal surface. Relationship between PPy morphology and electrochemical polymerization parameters, such as polymerization time, was investigated. The study provided a fundamental method to prepare a PPy‐modified electrode with high surface area. Potential application of the study is proposed. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Novel highly elastic magnetic materials for dampers and seals: Part I. Preparation and characterization of the elastic materials
Authors: Abramchuk S. , Kramarenko E. , Stepanov G. , Nikitin L. V. , Filipcsei G. , Khokhlov A. R. , Zrínyi M.
Published: April 2007

The new generation of magnetic elastomers represents a new type of composites, consisting of small (mainly nano and micron‐sized) magnetic particles dispersed in a highly elastic polymeric matrix. The combination of polymers with magnetic materials displays novel and often enhanced properties. Highly elastic magnetic composites are quite new and understanding of the behavior of these materials depending on the composition, external conditions, and the synthesis processes is still missing. Thus, the aim of this work is the study of fundamental principles governing the preparation of these materials as well as their structure and elastic properties. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The proteomic alterations of Thermoanaerobacter tengcongensis cultured at different temperatures
Authors: Wang Jingqiang , Zhao Caifeng , Meng Bo , Xie Junhua , Zhou Chuanqi , Chen Xishu , Zhao Kang , Shao Jianmin , Xue Yanfen , Xu Ningzhi , Ma Yanhe , Liu Siqi
Published: April 2007

Thermoanaerobacter tengcongensis, one of many thermophilic organisms, survives harsh living conditions in temperatures ranging from 50 to 80°C. In this comprehensive analysis, we present a robust approach, 2‐DE and MALDI‐TOF MS, to compare and identify the bacterial proteins responding to the temperature stress. In total, 164 spots of 2‐DE were found with the significant changes in spot volume at three culture temperatures, 55, 75, and 80°C, respectively; furthermore, 87 unique proteins were characterized by MS. Our results reveal that the electrophoretic images of the bacterial proteins, extracted from two culture temperatures (55 and 75°C), had similar patterns; however, the bacteria cultured at 80°C had dramatically decreased their spot volumes. Additionally, the temperature‐sensitive proteins are broadly divided into two groups: specific expression at certain temperatures and consistent changes of expression responsive to temperature. For instance, three proteins closely related with redox regulation, dihydrolipoamide acyltransferase, NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase, and ferredoxin, were only detected in the bacteria cultured at 55°C. Whereas, two chaperonins, GroES and GroEL, were found to show a consistent increase during the elevated temperatures with the determinations, either by MS or Western blot. The proteomic information, thus expedites our understanding of the molecular mechanisms regarding how thermophilic bacteria adapt to the alterations in living environment.
Protein expression profiles in Saccharomyces cerevisiae during apoptosis induced by H2O2
Authors: Magherini Francesca , Tani Chiara , Gamberi Tania , Caselli Anna , Bianchi Laura , Bini Luca , Modesti Alessandra
Published: April 2007

We identified the proteins involved during apoptosis induced by H2O2 in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and analyzed the global protein pattern by 2‐DE. We analyzed classical parameters of apoptosis such as chromatin condensation, DNA fragmentation, and morphology changes of cells. Exposure of yeast cells to nonphysiological doses of peroxides decreases the expression (or increases degradation) of enzymes involved in protection against oxidative stress. This leads the yeast cells to a reduction of their antioxidant defense and makes the cells more prone to apoptosis. In our data the down expression of peroxiredoxin II and GST I, could induce a perturbation of mitochondrial function with an alteration of permeability of the membrane leading to the mitochondria‐mediated apoptosis. Moreover, we identified a new spot of a classical glycolytic enzyme: the glyceraldehyde 3‐phosphate dehydrogenase during apoptosis. It is known that GAPDH is an extremely abundant glycolytic enzyme with multiple functions and that its overexpression is evident during apoptosis induced by a variety of stimuli. Our results confirm that it is a major intracellular messenger mediating apoptotic death and that this new spot of GAPDH could be an intracellular sensor of oxidative stress during apoptosis induced by H2O2 in S. cerevisiae.
The expression of S100A8 in pancreatic cancer‐associated monocytes is associated with the Smad4 status of pancreatic cancer cells
Authors: Sheikh Adnan A , Vimalachandran Dale , Thompson Christopher C. , Jenkins Rosalind E. , Nedjadi Taoufik , Shekouh Ali , Campbell Fiona , Dodson Andrew , Prime Wendy , Crnogorac‐Jurcevic Tatjana , Lemoine Nicholas R. , Costello Eithne
Published: April 2007

The cross‐talk between tumour cells and the surrounding supporting host cells (stroma) is a key regulator of cancer growth and progression. By undertaking 2‐DE analysis of laser capture microdissected malignant and stromal components of pancreatic tumours and benign ductal elements, we have identified high levels of S100A8 and S100A9 in tumour‐associated stroma but not in benign or malignant epithelia. Immunohistochemical analysis (n = 71 patients) revealed strong expression of both proteins in stromal myeloid cells, subsequently identified as CD14+/CD68‐ monocytes/macrophages. Co‐immunofluorescence revealed that S100A8 was expressed in a subset of S100A9‐positive cells. Correlation of the expression of S100A8 and S100A9 to patient parameters revealed that the microenvironments of tumours which lacked expression of the tumour suppressor protein, Smad4, had significantly reduced numbers of S100A8‐immunoreactive (p = 0.023) but not S100A9‐immunoreactive (p = 0.21) cells. The ratio of S100A8‐ to S100A9‐positive cells within individual tumours was significantly lower in Smad4‐negative tumours than in Smad4‐positive tumours (p<0.003). Pancreatitic specimens also contained S100A8‐ and S100A9‐expressing cells, although this was not observed in regions displaying extensive fibrosis. In conclusion, our study provides an extensive analysis of S100A8 and S100A9 in pancreatic disease and highlights a potentially important relationship between pancreatic cancer cells and their surrounding microenvironment.
Simple proteomic checks for detecting noncoding RNA
Authors: Cruveiller Stéphane , Clay Oliver , Jabbari Kamel , Bernardi Giorgio
Published: April 2007

No abstracts.
Presence of methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus in respiratory cultures from cystic fibrosis patients is associated with lower lung function
Authors: Ren Clement L. , Morgan Wayne J. , Konstan Michael W. , Schechter Michael S. , Wagener Jeffrey S. , Fisher Kathryn A. , Regelmann Warren E.
Published: April 2007

The prevalence of methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infections is increasing in both the general population and cystic fibrosis (CF) patients. We hypothesized that MRSA infection of the conductive airways as seen in CF would be associated with more severe disease than that seen with methicillin sensitive S. aureus (MSSA). To test this hypothesis, we used data from the Epidemiologic Study of Cystic Fibrosis (ESCF), a large observational study of CF patients in North America, to compare CF patients with MRSA in their respiratory tract cultures to those with MSSA. During a 1‐year time period from January 1, 2001 to December 31, 2001, data from 20,451 patients were collected by the ESCF, and 1,834 (7.5%) patients had respiratory tract cultures that were positive for S. aureus only. Compared to patients with MSSA only, patients with MRSA only had significantly more airflow obstruction, as measured by forced expiratory volume in 1 sec (FEV1). The mean FEV1 for patients 6–17 years old with MRSA was 80.7% predicted compared to 89.4% in the MSSA group (P < 0.001). The likelihood of hospitalization and treatment with oral, inhaled, and intravenous antibiotics were all significantly increased in patients with MRSA compared to those with MSSA. Similar results were seen in patients ≥18 years old. The results of our study highlight the growing clinical impact of MRSA infections in CF patients. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2007; 42:513–518. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Food allergy and asthma morbidity in children
Authors: Simpson Alyson B. , Glutting Joe , Yousef Ejaz
Published: April 2007

Background

Coexisting food allergy and asthma is a significant problem in the pediatric population. Studies have looked at the association between food sensitization and asthma severity. It is unknown whether specific food allergies are associated with increased asthma morbidity.

Objective

We studied the independent effect that allergy to egg, milk, fish, and peanut has on the number of hospitalizations and courses of systemic steroids in children with asthma.

Methods

We performed a medical record review to evaluate the effect food allergy to egg, fish, peanut, and milk has on asthma morbidity. We reviewed the records of 201 children aged 3 months to 14 years with the diagnosis of asthma (ICD‐9 codes 493.90, 493.91, and 493.92), of which 88 had coexistent food allergy. All children in the food allergy group had food‐specific IgE concentrations greater than the 95% positive predictive value. We compared the rate of hospitalizations and use of systemic steroids between children with asthma and food allergies and those without coexisting food allergy using direct‐entry, multiple regression analysis. Patients were adjusted for the severity of their asthma based on symptoms documented at their first visit to the allergist according to the National Asthma Education and Prevention Program guidelines and presence of environmental allergy, eczema, smoke exposure, and gastroesophageal reflux.

Results

Peanut and milk allergies were both associated with increased number of hospitalizations (P = 0.009, 0.016), and milk allergy was associated with increased use of systemic steroids (P = 0.001).

Conclusion

Peanut and milk allergies were associated with increased hospitalization and steroid use and may serve as early markers for increased asthma morbidity. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2007; 42:489–495. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Nerve growth factor mediates steroid‐resistant inflammation in respiratory syncytial virus infection
Authors: Mohtasham Lida , Auais Alexander , Piedimonte Giovanni
Published: April 2007

Neurotrophic factors and receptors are upregulated in the respiratory tract of humans and rodents infected by the respiratory syncytial virus, leading to airway inflammation and hyperreactivity. The contribution of neurotrophic pathways to the recruitment of immuno‐inflammatory cells and their response to anti‐inflammatory therapy remains unclear. We sought to determine whether selective nerve growth factor inhibition prevents the immuno‐inflammatory response against infection, and explored the effect of inhaled corticosteroids on virus‐induced neurotrophic upregulation and the consequent recruitment of immuno‐inflammatory cells into the airways. We tried to inhibit the recruitment of lymphocytes and monocytes into the airways of infected weanling rats using immunologic inhibition of nerve growth factor with a specific blocking antibody, or chemical inhibition of receptor tyrosine kinase with K252a. The anti‐inflammatory activity of inhaled corticosteroids was studied in infected rats treated with budesonide, fluticasone, or vehicle. Immunological or chemical inhibition of nerve growth factor or its high‐affinity receptor tyrosine kinase pathway inhibited the recruitment of inflammatory cells triggered by nociceptive irritation of infected rat airways, thereby reducing local and systemic immuno‐inflammatory responses against the virus. Neurotrophic upregulation in infected airways was not affected by inhaled corticosteroids. As a logical consequence, these commonly used drugs were also unable to stop the recruitment of immune and inflammatory effector cells into infected airways. Overexpression of neurotrophic factors and receptors in airways infected by respiratory syncytial virus is critical for the development of airway inflammation and hyperreactivity, which is resistant to the anti‐inflammatory effect of inhaled corticosteroids. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2007; 42:496–504. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Severe systemic adverse reaction to proton pump inhibitors in an infant
Authors: Baldassarre Emanuele , Sagaon Mario Mendoza , Ferrarini Alessandra , Bianchetti Mario G.
Published: April 2007

Episodes of respiratory distress with chest retraction and wheezing, sometimes associated with facial edema, were noted after administering the proton pump inhibitors omeprazole and esomeprazole in an infant with gastroesophageal reflux. The disturbances relieved dramatically after withdrawing the proton pump inhibitor. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2007; 42:563–564. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Amiloride‐insensitive nasal potential difference varies with the menstrual cycle in cystic fibrosis
Authors: Sweezey Neil B. , Smith David , Corey Mary , Ellis Lynda , Carpenter Susan , Tullis D. Elizabeth , Durie Peter , O'Brodovich Hugh M.
Published: April 2007

Rationale

There is no adequate explanation for gender‐based differences in rates of mortality and of deterioration in pulmonary function in cystic fibrosis (CF) patients. One potential explanation is that gender hormones (sex steroids) may modulate the severity of CF lung disease, the principal cause of mortality in CF, by altering respiratory transepithelial ion transport.

Objective

To determine whether respiratory epithelial ion transport varied during the menstrual cycle of CF females.

Methods

The nasal transepithelial electrical potential difference (NPD) was determined as a measure of ion transport across human respiratory epithelium, coincident with measurements of endogenous serum hormone levels in the luteal and follicular phases of the menstrual cycle in CF females aged 16–22 years.

Results

The component of the NPD that is insensitive to the Na+ transport blocker amiloride, but not the amiloride‐sensitive component, changed in association with endogenous, menstrual cycle‐induced changes in serum levels of progesterone and estrogen (P = 0.02, n = 7, paired t‐test). Measurements using Cl− free perfusates suggested that the changes are not a result of Cl− conductance.

Conclusions

Our results suggest that in CF respiratory epithelium amiloride‐insensitive, but not amiloride‐sensitive, ion transport is altered by female gender hormones in vivo. We speculate that amiloride‐insensitive ion transport may contribute to the regulation of human airway surface fluid. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2007; 42:519–524. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.