bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Exploratory analysis of comparative clinical trials used for marketing approval in patients with type 2 diabetes in Japan
Authors: Kaneko Reina , Ono Shunsuke
Published: January 2019

Background/objectives:

The results of phase 2 and 3 clinical trials, which justify decisions regarding marketing approval for new drugs, are used for comparison of drugs in the post-marketing phase. A number of meta-analyses of approved antidiabetics have been performed, but the heterogeneity of trials has not been fully examined. The aim of this study was to explore factors that may influence baseline HbA1c in trial samples and treatment outcomes (i.e. HbA1c reductions and effect sizes), with the goal of providing unbiased and fair retrospective comparisons between different antidiabetics.

Method:

We conducted three meta-regression analyses using 78 randomized or non-randomized comparative phase 2 or 3 trials of 24 approved antidiabetics in Japan, conducted from 1987 to 2012.

Results:

Baseline HbA1c of each arm was higher in phase 2 trials, trials with a greater number of subjects, trials with a lower proportion of male subjects, trials of combination therapy, or trials with longer subject disease duration. Entry criteria were different among drug classes and caused variations in baseline HbA1c. HbA1c reductions were larger in non-randomized trials, trials with a shorter treatment period, or trials with a lower proportion of male subjects. Effect sizes were larger in phase 2 trials, or trials of combination therapy. Larger effect sizes were observed in drugs with later market entry for alpha-glucosidase inhibitors and glinides.

Conclusion:

Baseline HbA1c, an important characteristic of subjects enrolled in trials of antidiabetics, differed significantly across trials. Differences in features of study subjects were caused by explicit stipulations in eligibility criteria of HbA1c and also by other conditions (e.g. trial design, regulatory guidance, treatment guideline) and/or interventions of investigators and pharmaceutical companies that were specific to drugs and trials. Healthcare professionals should carefully consider these heterogeneities in trials used for marketing approval review when making a retrospective comparison to select the best treatment option for patients.
Optical diagnosis of colorectal polyps with Blue Light Imaging using a new international classification
Authors: Subramaniam Sharmila , Hayee Bu , Aepli Patrick , Schoon Erik , Stefanovic Milan , Kandiah Kesavan , Thayalasekaran Sreedhari , Alkandari Asma , Bassett Paul , Coron Emmanuel , Pech Oliver , Hassan Cesare , Neumann Helmut , Bisschops Raf , Repici Alessandro , Bhandari Pradeep
Published: January 2019

Background

Blue Light Imaging (BLI) is a new imaging technology that enhances mucosal surface and vessel patterns. A specific BLI classification was recently developed to enable better characterisation of colorectal polyps (BLI Adenoma Serrated International Classification (BASIC)). The aim of this study was to validate the diagnostic performance of BASIC in predicting polyp histology in experienced and trainee endoscopists.

Methods

Five experienced and five trainee endoscopists evaluated high‐definition white light (HDWL) and BLI images from 45 small polyps to assess baseline accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values (NPVs) of polyp histology. Each endoscopist was trained with the BLI classification before repeating the exercise. Results were compared pre‐ and post‐training.

Results

The overall pre‐training accuracy improved from 87% to 94%. The sensitivity and NPV of adenoma diagnosis also improved significantly from 79% to 96% and 81% to 95% with BASIC training. This improvement was noted in both groups. The interobserver level of agreement was very good (K = 0.90) in the experienced cohort and good (K = 0.66) in the trainee group post‐training.

Conclusions

BLI is a useful tool for optical diagnosis, and the use of BASIC with adequate training can significantly improve the accuracy, sensitivity and NPV of adenoma diagnosis.
Canadian Nephrologist Views Regarding Stroke and Systemic Embolism Prevention in Dialysis Patients With Nonvalvular Atrial Fibrillation: A Survey
Authors: Collister David , Healey Jeff S. , Conen David , Brimble K. Scott , Rigatto Claudio , Harel Ziv , Sood Manish M. , Walsh Michael
Published: January 2019

Background:

Nonvalvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF) is an independent risk factor for ischemic stroke and is common in chronic kidney disease (CKD) and dialysis patients. The use of oral anticoagulation to prevent stroke and systemic embolism in the setting of kidney disease is controversial. Novel alternatives to vitamin K antagonists include left atrial appendage occlusion devices (LAAOD) and apixaban.

Objective:

We sought to elicit Canadian nephrologist views regarding stroke and systemic embolism prevention therapies in CKD and dialysis patients with NVAF.

Design:

Survey.

Setting:

Online via https://www.surveymonkey.com .

Participants:

Canadian Society of Nephrology members actively treating adult dialysis patients with NVAF.

Measurements:

Management questions were asked with response options consisting of a Likert scale ranging from 1 to 8 (with 1 being definitely would not and 8 being definitely would).

Methods:

We randomly allocated each respondent to 2 of 4 cases that varied by stroke and bleeding risks (using varying CHADS2 and HASBLED scores, respectively).

Results:

There were 91 responses (36.3% response rate) from mostly university (83.5%) and also community with university affiliation (12.1%) and community (4.4%) nephrologists. Warfarin was more likely to be recommended in individuals at high stroke risk and low bleeding risk (mean = 5.47, 95% confidence interval = 4.87-6.07) and less likely to be recommended in individuals at moderate stroke risk and high bleeding risk (mean = 2.89, 95% confidence interval = 2.37-3.41). The likelihood of recommending LAAOD did not vary by stroke or bleeding risks (means ranging from 3.92-4.90). Apixaban was not likely to be recommended in any case (means ranging from 2.60-3.50). However, nephrologists felt there was equipoise regarding anticoagulation strategies allowing participation in appropriate randomized controlled trials (RCTs).

Limitations:

The survey only involved nephrologists and only 4 cases with dichotomized risk categories were presented instead of complete range of stroke and bleeding risk combinations. As with any survey, there was the potential for responder bias and treatment decisions are not anchored directly to patient management.

Conclusions:

Nephrologists caring for patients with kidney disease appear willing to include patients in clinical trials examining alternatives to warfarin for stroke and systemic embolism prevention for NVAF in the setting of kidney disease.
The effects of the KEEP foster parent training intervention on child externalizing and internalizing problems
Authors: Price Joseph M. , Roesch Scott , Burce Cleo M.
Published: January 2019

Children in foster care are at risk for externalizing and internalizing behavior problems. The KEEP foster parent training intervention has been found to effectively reduce parental reports of daily child behavior problems. The aims of this investigation were to (a) examine the effectiveness of the KEEP intervention at reducing behavior problems among children in foster care, as assessed by the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL), during implementation of the intervention by a community agency using a randomized design and (b) determine whether the intervention is effective at reducing internalizing forms of behavior problems. Foster and kinship families were randomly assigned to either the KEEP intervention or usual services. The KEEP intervention was delivered by a community agency. Child behavior problems were assessed via the CBCL at baseline and at the end of the intervention (4 months after baseline). Data from 310 foster and kinship families with children aged between 5 and 12 years were analyzed using hierarchical linear modeling. The KEEP intervention was effective at reducing the proportion of children in the borderline group for rule-breaking between baseline and follow-up. The intervention was also effective at reducing internalizing problems, as indicated by reductions in internalizing raw scores and the proportion of children in the borderline group over the course of the intervention. These findings suggest the KEEP intervention can provide foster parents with the tools to manage a broad range of behavior problems even as the intervention was delivered by a community agency.
Fluorescent labeling of CRISPR/Cas9 RNP for gene knockout in HSPCs and iPSCs reveals an essential role for GADD45b in stress response
Authors: Nasri Masoud , Mir Perihan , Dannenmann Benjamin , Amend Diana , Skroblyn Tessa , Xu Yun , Schulze-Osthoff Klaus , Klimiankou Maksim , Welte Karl , Skokowa Julia
Published: January 2019

CRISPR/Cas9-mediated gene editing of stem cells and primary cell types has several limitations for clinical applications. The direct delivery of ribonucleoprotein (RNP) complexes consisting of Cas9 nuclease and guide RNA (gRNA) has improved DNA- and virus-free gene modifications, but it does not enable the essential enrichment of the gene-edited cells. Here, we established a protocol for the fluorescent labeling and delivery of CRISPR/Cas9–gRNA RNP in primary human hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). As a proof of principle for genes with low-abundance transcripts and context-dependent inducible expression, we successfully deleted growth arrest and DNA-damage-inducible β (GADD45B). We found that GADD45B is indispensable for DNA damage protection and survival in stem cells. Thus, we describe an easy and efficient protocol of DNA-free gene editing of hard-to-target transcripts and enrichment of gene-modified cells that are generally difficult to transfect.
MIPSS70+ v2.0 predicts long-term survival in myelofibrosis after allogeneic HCT with the Flu/Mel conditioning regimen
Authors: Ali Haris , Aldoss Ibrahim , Yang Dongyun , Mokhtari Sally , Khaled Samer , Aribi Ahmed , Afkhami Michelle , Al Malki Monzr M. , Cao Thai , Mei Matthew , O’Donnell Margaret , Salhotra Amandeep , Pullarkat Vinod , Yang Lixin , Stein Anthony S. , Marcucci Guido , Forman Stephen J. , Nakamura Ryotaro , Pillai Raju , Snyder David
Published: January 2019

Although allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (allo-HCT) is the only curative treatment for myelofibrosis (MF), data are limited on how molecular markers predict transplantation outcomes. We retrospectively evaluated transplantation outcomes of 110 consecutive MF patients who underwent allo-HCT with a fludarabine/melphalan (Flu/Mel) conditioning regimen at our center and assessed the impact of molecular markers on outcomes based on a 72-gene next-generation sequencing panel and Mutation-Enhanced International Prognostic Scoring System 70+ v2.0 (MIPSS70+ v2.0). With a median follow-up of 63.7 months, the 5-year overall survival (OS) rate was 65% and the nonrelapse mortality (NRM) rate was 17%. In mutational analysis, JAK2 V617F and ASXL1 mutations were the most common. By univariable analysis, higher Dynamic International Prognostic Scoring System scores, unrelated donor type, and very-high-risk cytogenetics were significantly associated with lower OS. Only CBL mutations were significantly associated with lower OS (hazard ratio [HR], 2.64; P = .032) and increased NRM (HR, 3.68; P = .004) after allo-HCT, but CALR, ASXL1, and IDH mutations did not have an impact on transplantation outcomes. Patient classification per MIPSS70 showed worse OS for high-risk (HR, 0.49; P = .039) compared with intermediate-risk patients. Classification per MIPSS70+ v2.0 demonstrated better OS when intermediate-risk patients were compared with high-risk patients (HR, 0.291) and much lower OS when very-high-risk patients were compared with high-risk patients (HR, 5.05; P ≤ .001). In summary, we present one of the largest single-center experiences of Flu/Mel-based allo-HCT, demonstrating that revised cytogenetic changes and MIPSS70+ v2.0 score predict transplantation outcomes, and thus can better inform physicians and patients in making decisions about allo-HCT.
A common arthropod from the Late Ordovician Big Hill Lagerstätte (Michigan) reveals an unexpected ecological diversity within Chasmataspidida
Authors: Lamsdell James C. , Gunderson Gerald O. , Meyer Ronald C.
Published: January 2019

Background

Chasmataspidids are a rare group of chelicerate arthropods known from 12 species assigned to ten genera, with a geologic range extending from the Ordovician to the Devonian. The Late Ordovician (Richmondian) fauna of the Big Hill Lagerstätte includes a new species of chasmataspidid represented by 55 specimens. This taxon is only the second chasmataspidid described from the Ordovician and preserves morphological details unknown from any of the previously described species.

Results

The new chasmataspidid species is described asHoplitaspis hiawathaigen. et sp. nov.. Comparison with all other known chasmataspidids indicates thatHoplitaspisoccupies an intermediate morphological position between the OrdovicianChasmataspisand the Silurian-Devonian diploaspidids. While the modification of appendage VI into a broad swimming paddle alliesHoplitaspisto the Diploaspididae, the paddle lacks the anterior ‘podomere 7a’ found in other diploaspidids and shows evidence of having been derived from aChasmataspis-like chelate appendage. Other details, such as the large body size and degree of expression of the first tergite, show clear affinities withChasmataspis, providing strong support for chasmataspidid monophyly.

Conclusions

The large body size and well-developed appendage armature ofHoplitaspisreveals that chasmataspidids occupied a greater breadth of ecological roles than previously thought, with the abundance of available specimens indicating thatHoplitaspiswas an important component of the local community. The miniaturization and ecological limiting of diploaspidids potentially coincides with the major radiation of eurypterids and may suggest some degree of competition between the two groups. The geographic distribution of chasmataspidid species suggests the group may have originated in Laurentia and migrated to the paleocontinents of Baltica and Siberia as tectonic processes drew the paleocontinents into close proximity.
The Church’s prayer on deathbed and the moral reflection on euthanasia
Authors: Vantsos Miltiadis
Published: January 2019

Associating a prayer that belongs to the long-standing tradition of the Orthodox Church with a contemporary theme, such as euthanasia, may seem strange, as at the time the prayer was written, the ethical consideration of euthanasia was certainly unknown. However, the timelessness of illness, pain and death, the existential agony of human at the end of life and the unwavering commitment of the Church to the suffering and dying person allow, in our view, the exploration of the Church’s prayer on deathbed in the context of the good and desirable death. It is noteworthy that, while in all liturgical texts the cure from illness is pleaded for, in this specific prayer the desire of death is expressed, in order to redeem human from the “unbearable suffering due to the bitter illness”. In this perspective the content of the prayer is presented, which seems to have important elements in common with the modern demand for a positive response to euthanasia, namely the free will of the patient and the desire for a quick and painless death. Despite these, the prayer on deathbed does not favor the acceptance of euthanasia for two reasons: Firstly, the request for a painless death is addressed to God and its fulfillment is expected only from Him and not from the doctor or the relatives. And second, this request is accompanied by a plea for the forgiveness of the sins of the moribund, expressing his faith and hope in eternal life, his trust in God and not despair and distress. The article is concluded with some remarks concerning the understanding of good death from the point of view of orthodox ethics.
Why Morality Will Continue to Flourish in a Secular Society After God: An Appreciation and a Short Criticism of the Late Engelhardt
Authors: Mori Maurizio
Published: January 2019

The paper is mostly limited to an analysis of the main theses advanced by Engelhardt in his great book After God (2017), compared with those elaborated in the first edition of The Foundation of Bioethics (1986). The first part is devoted to a summary of Engelhardt’s proposals, and two of them are criticized in the second part. In particular, Engelhardt is doubtful that a morality after God is possible, while I argue that it is going to be produced and possibly will be more adequate than traditional morality. In the same line, Engelhardt holds that without God everything is meaningless, while I argue that meanings are instilled by humans in our projects, and that even in our forthcoming post-history age people will continue to have meaningful ethical actions.
Understanding Ethical, Legal and Societal Issues (ELSIs) in Human Biobanking and Genomics for Research and Healthcare in Zimbabwe: The Genomics Inheritance Law Ethics and Society GILES initiative
Authors: Matimba Alice , Chimatira Andrew , Kuguyo Oppah , January James , Mupambireyi Zivayi , Marimbe-Dube Bazondlile , Chikwasha Vasco , Nyati-Jokomo Zibusiso , Muteti Shamiso , Mangezvo Pedzisayi , Kangwende Abigail , Chingono Alfred , Chidzonga Midion , Gandari Jonathan , Hakim James , Nathoo Kusum , Samkange Christopher , Mangezi Walter , Lee Sandra , Gwanzura Lovemore , Cho Mildred , Ndebele Paul
Published: January 2019

Biobanks and human genomics applications are key for understanding health, disease and heredity in Africa and globally. Growing interest in these technologies calls for strengthening relevant legal, ethical and policy systems to address knowledge disparities and ensure protection of society, while supporting advancement of science. In Zimbabwe there is limited understanding of ethical, legal, and societal issues (ELSI) for biobanking and genomics. The Genomics Inheritance Law Ethics and Society (GILES) initiative was established in 2015 to explore the current status and gaps in the ethical and legal frameworks, knowledge among various stakeholders, and to establish capacity for addressing ELSI of biobanking and genomics as applied in biomedical and population research, and healthcare. A multi-methods approach was applied including document reviews, focus group discussions and in-depth interviews among health and research professionals, and community members in six provinces comprising urban, peri-urban and rural areas. Emerging findings indicates a need for updating guidelines and policies for addressing ELSI in biobanking and genomics research in Zimbabwe. Emerging terminologies such as biobanking and genomics lack clarity suggesting a need for increased awareness and educational tools for health professionals, research scientists and community members. Common concerns relating to consent processes, sample and data use and sharing, particularly where there is trans-national flow of biospecimens and data, call for nationally tailored ELSI frameworks aligned to regional and international initiatives. This paper describes the strategy undertaken for the development and implementation of the GILES project and discusses the importance of such an initiative for characterisation of ELSI of human biobanking and genomics in Zimbabwe and Africa. Conducting this explorative study among a wide range of stakeholders over a countrywide geographical regions, established one of the most comprehensive studies for ELSI of human biobanking and genomics in Africa.
The loaded die: Parenting with learning disabilities and the role of the midwife in Scotland
Authors: Corrigan Amy
Published: January 2019

An increasing number of women with learning disabilities are becoming parents, and have a legal right to do so free from discrimination. By discussing the evidence, this article argues that the health and social care systems of the UK have been historically poor at supporting successful parenting for people with learning disabilities. It discusses the legislative and policy landscape in Scotland that should be changing this situation and considers the role of the midwife within this. It identifies the need for improved training and support for midwives and recognition of the time investment required to provide care for women with learning disabilities if they are avoid a loaded die against their successful parenting from the outset.
Effects of Various Pretreatments on Quality Attributes of Frozen and Thawed Peaches
Authors: Park Jong Jin , Park Ji Hyun , Kim Kyung Mi , Cho Yong Sik , Kim Ha Yun
Published: January 2019

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of pretreatments on quality of frozen peach. Pretreatments including steam blanching, water blanching, high pressure, and osmotic dehydration were applied to two varieties (Daeokgye and Hwangdo). Pretreated peaches were frozen and thawed at -20°C and 5°C, respectively. Steam blanching and osmotic dehydration with ascorbic acid reduced ΔE values without change of pH and acidity. Osmotic dehydration with sucrose decreased drip loss and increased brix. Freezing/thawing resulted in an increase of maximum force, while maximum force decreased with increasing time of steam and water blanching. Furthermore, osmotic dehydration with calcium chloride increased maximum force. High pressure decreased maximum force of Daeokgye and increased that of Hwangdo compared with non-treatment. Total polyphenol content, DPPH radical scavenging activity, and ABTS radical scavenging activity were improved by pretreatment including steam blanching, blanching, and osmotic dehydration with ascorbic acid.
Impact of Protein and Lipid Contents on the Physical Property of Dried Biji Powder
Authors: Kim Jaehyun , Jeong Jin Boo , Kim Hyun-Seok
Published: January 2019

The effects of chemical compositions (protein, lipid, and dietary fiber) on the physical properties of dried biji powders were investigated. The raw biji was freeze-dried (control) and hot-air dried (untreated). The untreated biji was further defatted and deproteinated. The prepared biji powders were analyzed for the proximate composition, total dietary fiber (TDF), water absorption index (WAI), water solubility index (WSI), swelling power, solubility (including the quantification of soluble carbohydrate and protein fractions), and final viscosity (using a rapid visco analyzer). Control and untreated biji powders exhibited the similar chemical compositions. The defatted biji possessed higher TDF, although its protein content did not significantly differ for control and untreated ones. The deproteinated biji consisted mainly of TDF. WAI and swelling power increased in the order: deproteinated > defatted > control > untreated biji powders. WSI and solubility increased in the order: control > untreated > defatted > deproteinated biji powders. The similar patterns were observed for soluble carbohydrate and protein fractions. The deproteinated biji revealed the highest viscosity over applied temperatures, while the untreated one was lowest. Overall results suggested that the physical properties of the dried biji powder were reduced by protein and fat, but enhanced by dietary fiber.
Vein-Supercharged Peroneal Artery Perforator Propeller Flap for Achilles Soft Tissue Coverage
Authors: Atmodiwirjo Parintosa , Supit Laureen
Published: January 2019

Background: Wounds on the distal third of the lower extremity are reconstructively challenging, as there is lack of spare local tissue to design local flaps from. The perceived alternative is to perform free flaps to cover for these defects. Drawbacks include the need for specific training to perform microsurgery, longer time required, and the probable bulkiness when donor is obtained from certain areas. The perforator propeller flap is a local island fasciocutaneous flap, designed with 2 blades of skin island of unequal length extending from each side of the perforator. As the flap is rotated, the longer blade will cover the defect.
Patient and Method: A case of soft tissue defect on the achilles is reported, with successful defect closure by utilizing a peronal artery perforator based fasciocutaneous propeller flap with 180 degree rotation and vein supercharge to facilitate backflow. Secondary defect required split-thickness skin grafting. Result: After surgery, muscles of the lower limb started to swell and get compromised. We removed some stitches to allow soft tissue expansion underneath the flap. after the release, flap perfusion improved. Stitches were left open for 3 days, then closure of flap edges by placing gradual traction sutures which were tightened daily. By the 7th day, flap edges was re-approximated and the skin grafts took well.
Summary: The ability of the propeller flap to rotate makes this flap highly useful and versatile for the reconstruction of distal lower limb defects. Flap dimension can be enhanced when distal part of the flap is supercharged to neighboring recipient vessels. Another advantage is the close vicinity of donor, giving better aesthetic result.6
Random Perforator Flap : Some Experiences with Keystone Flap
Authors: Sudjatmiko Gentur , Pribadi Sweety , Supit Laureen
Published: January 2019

Background: In reconstructing challenging defects, surgeons are considered fairly fortunate when they are able to obtain a similar donor tissue quality to that of the missing tissue; in regards to their color, texture, size, and the ease of donor transfer to the defect. Several methods may be used, which frequently include the free tissue transfers using microvascular anastomoses bearing their specific consequences. We report a select of challenging cases which were successfully reconstructed using the Keystone flaps and avoid microvascular anastomoses, where otherwise the free tissue transfers would be the typical option for closure in such defects.
Patient and Method: Nine cases of relatively large defect in various locations were reconstructed using the Keystone flaps supplied by either non-identified perforators or identified reliable perforators.
Result: Out of the 9 defects located on various region of the body (lumbar, thorax, dorsum of the foot, plantar of the foot, posterior leg, sacrum, and cervicofacial) only the first 2 cases had identifiable perforators. All flaps survived completely without problem of vascularization.
Summary: The Keystone flap is a useful and reliable random perforator-based flap even when the perforator vessels are not identified.
Sole Reconstruction Using Anterolateral Thigh Free Flap: A Review of 4 Cases
Authors: Atmodiwirjo Parintosa , Sandhi Afriyanti
Published: January 2019

Background: The ideal technique for sole reconstruction should meet such requisite as a durable and comfortable weight-bearing surface, solid anchoring to deep tissue for resistance to shear force and adequate protective sensation. The anterolateral thigh (ALT) perforator free flap provides a large, pliable skin island and sufficient bulk, allowing three-dimensional tailoring to complex defects. The present article is about our experience of sole reconstruction ALT perforator free flap.
Patient and Method: Total of 4 flaps in the foot defects was performed in February 2009 to December 2012. We reconstructed soft tissue defects in the sole using ALT free flaps, the complications, aesthetic and function results were monitored.
Result: ALT perforator free flap provided stable and durable long-term wound cover in all patients, resulting in early rehabilitation and function outcomes were completely achieved. Complications were few and manageable in all cases.
Summary: ALT perforator free flap has become common procedure in many centers around the world. The numerous advantages include stable wound coverage; improve aesthetic and functional outcomes, and minimal donor site morbidity. In our experiences, we found that the use of ALT perforator free flap in sole defect reconstruction, to be technically affordable, reliable and have resulted in excellent outcomes.
Long Term Follow Up of Hemangioma on Bilateral Cleft Lip
Authors: Atmodiwirjo Parintosa , Lestari Puri Ambar , Kesuma Ayu Diah
Published: January 2019

Background: Hemangioma is a common tumor of infancy that exhibits rapid postnatal growth and slow regression during childhood. Cleft lip is a common anomaly found in Indonesia. These entities are twice in common in the Asian population. However, simultaneous occurance of these two abnormalities is rare to be found.
Patient and Method: A case of bilateral cleft lip complicated with hemangioma on the left side of lip and the surrounding skin through the mucosa, and the prolabium, which had been performed cheiloplasty procedure at age 9 months old. Cheiloplasty design was made through the hemangioma area with a careful hemostasis to avoid massive bleeding.
Result: Hemangioma was partially left behind at the cheiloplasty procedure. There was no bleeding during and after the surgery. Two years following the surgery, there was a fine scar with good shape of the lip and no further growth of the hemangioma.
Summary: Hemangioma and cleft lip are very rare to be found in the same location. Because of the involution potential of hemangioma, timing of surgery is very important. Considering the psychosocial aspect, the surgery was performed at the age of 9 months. Two years after surgery, we didn’t find any growth of hemangioma or deformity of the bone and lip. The scar growth is in good esthetic result, no difference with left lip child without hemangioma.
Reconstructive Rhinoplasty: New Technique of Central Cartilaginous Support
Authors: Sajid Muhammad , Bhatti Zahid , Nazeer Aisha , Mughese Sadia , Tayyaba Tayyaba , Amin Mohammad Mughese
Published: January 2019

Background: Honour amputation is a common cause of nose amputation in Pakistan, especially in dahawalpur region. Skeletal support is always a problem in major nasal amputations. It needs multiple delays and extra support later on, with all traditional techniques.

Patient and Method: We reported three cases of amputation of the nose. We used sliding septal technique to reconstruct the central cartilaginous support of the nose. In this technique we used the remaining septum as a free graft. Ten patients were treated with this technique with excellent results. Nasal lining was provided either with septal artery mucosal flap or with nasolabial flap. Forehead flap was the only flap to provide external cover. Nostril rim were grafted with trimmed choncial cartilage primarily. In three patients debulking procedures were done later on , but no skeletal procedures.
Result: This technique has given an excellent skeletal support and a nice tip projection with no delays or extra support later on. Patient satisfaction rate was 100%.
Summary: Sliding septal technique is a very reliables, cost effective technique. It provides an excellent tip support in a single procedure, without sacrificing other precious material like rib or bone.
Factors Associated with Occurrence of Amputation in Electrical Burns
Authors: Narmada Steven , Hasibuan Lisa Y
Published: January 2019

Background: Electrical burns can cause damage to blood vessels in the burning extremities . This damage can lead to amputation that significantly impacts both physically and psychologically that affects the quality of life. This study aimed to determine the incidence and factors associated with the occurrence of amputation in electrical burns.
Method: A retrospective cohort study was done to patients with electrical burns that came to RSHS from 2011 to 2013. Mulativariate analysis, logistic regression, was performed on the factors associated with the occurrence of amputation in electrical burns.
Result: Most of the electrical burns were suffered by men (93.5%) at reproductive age (mean 34.1 years; range 10-60 years of age). The incidence of amputation in electrical burns is 54.8% from 31 patients. There is a significant relationship between the causes of high-voltage electrical burns> 1000V with the occurrence of amputation (p = 0.008; Relative risk ratio 8,125 ; 95% CI= 1,62-40,752) and there is a significant relationship between the presence of third degree of burns with amputation (p = 0,011; Relative risk ratio 16; 95 % CI=1,643-155,76). There is no significant relationship between the extent of burns and lactate levels with the amputation on electrical burns.
Conclusion: Amputation in electrical burns have a fairly high incidence. High electrical voltage> 1000V and presence of third degree of burns are associated with the occurrence of amputation.
How Does Enforcement Deter Gray Market Incidence?
Authors: Antia Kersi D. , Bergen Mark E. , Dutta Shantanu , Fisher Robert J.
Published: January 2019

Gray market activity has become increasingly prevalent. The prevailing wisdom in marketing is to use more severe enforcement to deter gray marketing. However, the certainty and speed of enforcement may also have a bearing on the incidence of violations. This article examines whether and how enforcement deters gray marketing. The results from a field survey of manufacturers and an experimental design suggest that, by itself, enforcement severity has no impact. Deterrence results only when the multiple facets of enforcement are used in combination.
Scents and Sensibility: When Do (In)Congruent Ambient Scents Influence Product Evaluations?
Authors: Bosmans Anick
Published: January 2019

This research examines when and how ambient scents (i.e., scents that are present in the environment and do not emanate from a specific product) affect product evaluations. Consistent with theory in environmental psychology, the author predicts that such ambient scents can elicit emotional responses that can influence subsequent judgments, but only when specific conditions are met. Three factors are hypothesized to moderate the effects of pleasant ambient scents on evaluations: (1) the congruence of the scent with the product, (2) the salience of the scent, and (3) consumers’ motivation to correct for extraneous influences. The findings of three experiments suggest that as long as ambient scents are congruent with the product, they continue to affect consumers’ evaluations, even when their influence becomes salient or when consumers are sufficiently motivated to correct for extraneous influences. In addition, as long as the scent is not completely incongruent with the product, noncongruent scents are corrected for only when their influence becomes salient or when consumers are sufficiently motivated. These findings indicate that the impact of pleasant ambient scents on product evaluations may be stronger than that of other affective environmental cues.
Marketing's Credibility: A Longitudinal Investigation of Marketing Communication Productivity and Shareholder Value
Authors: Luo Xueming , Donthu Naveen
Published: January 2019

Practitioners and scholars have questioned marketing communication's credibility because it has not been linked to firm shareholder value. Using secondary longitudinal data, the authors show that the impact of marketing communication productivity (MCP) on shareholder value is positive and nonlinear. In particular, the influence of MCP on the forward-looking performances of Tobin's q and stock return is curvilinear with an inverted U shape. The authors also investigate the moderating role of research-and-development investment and competitive intensity. The findings have implications for marketing managers regarding how to model and benchmark MCP and the dangers of blindly improving the productivity of advertising and sales promotion expenditures.
Using Childhood Memories to Gain Insight into Brand Meaning
Authors: Braun-LaTour Kathryn A. , LaTour Michael S. , Zinkhan George M.
Published: January 2019

In this article, the authors introduce the concept that people's earliest and defining product memories can be used as a projective tool to help managers more fully understand consumers' relationships to their products. The authors use a study on three generations of automobile consumers to illustrate how these memories symbolize the consumer–brand relationship and how they can be used to gain insights into brand meaning. The findings indicate that people's earliest and defining experiences have an important influence on current and future preferences in predictable ways across the consumer life cycle. These memory experiences are symbolic to the consumer and represent a new lens for viewing brand meaning, which complements the toolbox of extant research methods. The authors provide details about this technique for managers who are searching for methods that recognize that consumers coproduce brand meanings.
Preventing Digital Music Piracy: The Carrot or the Stick?
Authors: Sinha Rajiv K. , Mandel Naomi
Published: January 2019

The goal of this article is to ascertain the factors that govern consumers’ willingness to pirate a digital product, such as a digital music track. The authors assess the tendency to pirate with both indirect measures (e.g., willingness to pay for the legal alternative) and direct measures (e.g., piracy preference). Whether measured indirectly or directly, the tendency to pirate depends, to different extents, on three key factors: positive incentives (e.g., improved functionality of the legal Web site), negative incentives (e.g., perceived risk of piracy), and consumer characteristics. Based on three studies, the results suggest that negative incentives are a strong deterrent for certain consumers but can actually increase piracy tendencies for others. Conversely, positive incentives, such as improved functionality, can significantly reduce the tendency to pirate among all the consumer segments studied. The authors conclude by discussing prescriptive recommendations for the recording industry.
Does Academic Research Help or Hurt MBA Programs?
Authors: Mitra Debanjan , Golder Peter N.
Published: January 2019

Since the 1960s, scientific academic research has played a prominent role in most leading business schools. Recently, however, critics have argued that emphasizing research is misguided and may only serve the faculty's interests at the expense of students and the firms that employ them. This study attempts to inform this debate by investigating the short- and long-term effects of academic research in 57 business schools over 18 years on academics’, recruiters’, and applicants’ perceptions as well as on the schools’ education performance with current students. The authors find that academic research has positive long-term effects on the perceptions of these three constituents and on education performance, as well as short-term effects on academics’ perceptions. Moreover, effect sizes are large and meaningful. A persistent increase of three single-author articles per year is associated with an improvement in a school's ranking among academics by one place, a decline in its acceptance rate of 1%, and an increase in graduates’ average annual starting salary of more than $750. The authors discuss the implications of these findings and present related opportunities for further research.
Damage from Corrective Advertising: Causes and Cures
Authors: Darke Peter R. , Ashworth Laurence , Ritchie Robin J.B.
Published: January 2019

Corrective advertising can be problematic because it undermines responses both to other products advertised by the corrected firm and to products advertised by second-party advertisers. However, a positive reputation insulates second-party firms from these carryover effects, provided that this reputation is based on an endorsement from an independent regulator. Furthermore, firm responses that include an explanation for the misleading claim prove to be effective in avoiding the negative side effects of correction. These findings add to the correction literature by (1) showing that this form of regulation can have much broader side effects than demonstrated previously, (2) identifying distrust as the mechanism by which these effects occur, and (3) suggesting strategies to protect firms from the negative side effects of correction. The findings also support the defensive consumer distrust model and help define the scope of this model.
Distributor Sharing of Strategic Information with Suppliers
Authors: Frazier Gary L. , Maltz Elliot , Antia Kersi D. , Rindfleisch Aric
Published: January 2019

Distributor sharing of strategic information with suppliers is an important but underresearched issue within the marketing discipline. The authors develop and test a conceptual framework based on exchange theory that focuses on the degree to which distributors share external and internal strategic information with associated suppliers. Relying on survey data collected from 479 distributors across three industries, the authors find that distributors share strategic information with suppliers according to factors that affect the perceived benefits, costs, and risks of such behavior. The sharing of internal strategic information has distinct determinants compared with those of external strategic information. The interrelationships between environmental uncertainty and the sharing of internal strategic information, including both main and interactive effects, are especially notable.
The Worth of Product Placement in Successful Films: An Event Study Analysis
Authors: Wiles Michael A. , Danielova Anna
Published: January 2019

As a result of the diminishing effectiveness of broadcast advertising, firms are increasingly turning to product placements in films and television to promote their products. A growing stream of product placement research has conducted surveys of consumer and practitioner views on the practice and experiments to gauge product placement's impact on brand awareness, attitudes, and purchase intent. However, there is no evidence of whether firms’ investments in film product placements are worthwhile. The event study of 126 product placements in successful films during 2002 reveals a mean cumulative abnormal return of .89% during the film's opening, indicating that product placement in a successful film is associated with positive movements in firm stock prices. Cross-sectional analysis of the returns offers new insight into how product, film, and execution factors influence the placement's worth. The authors find that placement abnormal returns are enhanced by tie-in advertising and brand equity but are inhibited by audience absorption, critical acclaim, and violent film content. Placement modality, character associations, and blatancy also significantly affect the placement's value.
Is Customer Participation in Value Creation a Double-Edged Sword? Evidence from Professional Financial Services across Cultures
Authors: Chan Kimmy Wa , Yim Chi Kin (Bennett) , Lam Simon S.K.
Published: January 2019

Emergent perspectives in marketing highlight new opportunities for co-opting customers as a means to define and cocreate value through their participation. This study delineates and empirically tests hypotheses regarding the effects of customer participation (CP) on value creation and satisfaction for both customers and employees with different cultural value orientations in the context of professional financial services. Using data collected from 349 pairs of customers and service employees in two national groups (Hong Kong and the United States) of a global financial institution, this study examines how (1) CP drives performance outcomes (i.e., customer satisfaction, employee job satisfaction, and employee job performance) through the creation of economic and relational values and (2) the effects of CP on value creation depend on participants’ cultural value orientations. Promoting CP could be a double-edged sword for firms: CP enhances customers’ economic value attainment and strengthens the relational bond between customers and employees, but it also increases employees’ job stress and hampers their job satisfaction. Moreover, the effects of CP on value creation depend on the cultural values of both customers and service employees; this result implies that arranging customers and service employees with “matched” cultural value orientations could facilitate the creation of value through CP.
The Sound of Brands
Authors: Argo Jennifer J. , Popa Monica , Smith Malcolm C.
Published: January 2019

Recent research has demonstrated that linguistic characteristics of brand names can cognitively affect product evaluations. In six experiments, the authors demonstrate that affect arising from sound repetition may also be influential. The results reveal across multiple brand names and product categories that exposure to a brand name that has sound repetition in its phonetic structure and is spoken aloud produces positive affect, which favorably affects consumers’ brand evaluations, reactions to cross-selling, and product choice. The effects are moderated by consumers’ sensitivity to repetition, consumers’ opportunity to experience emotions, and the degree to which the brand name's phonetic sound repetition deviates from linguistic expectations. The authors discuss implications for managers and avenues for further research.
Compressed Edge Spectrum Sensing: Extensions and practical considerations
Authors: Beck Edgar , Bockelmann Carsten , Dekorsy Armin
Published: January 2019

Nowadays, spectrum in industrial radio systems is already overoccupied. Therefore, future Industry 4.0 applications require coexistence management of different wireless communication systems. For identification of active systems, we propose Compressed Edge Spectrum Sensing (CESS). Here, we focus on practical aspects and show that the sampling rate can still be highly reduced.
GenCoNet – A Graph Database for the Analysis of Comorbidities by Gene Networks
Authors: Shoshi Alban , Hofestädt Ralf , Zolotareva Olga , Friedrichs Marcel , Maier Alex , Ivanisenko Vladimir A. , Dosenko Victor E. , Bragina Elena Yu
Published: January 2019

The prevalence of comorbid diseases poses a major health issue for millions of people worldwide and an enormous socio-economic burden for society. The molecular mechanisms for the development of comorbidities need to be investigated. For this purpose, a workflow system was developed to aggregate data on biomedical entities from heterogeneous data sources. The process of integrating and merging all data sources of the workflow system was implemented as a semi-automatic pipeline that provides the import, fusion, and analysis of the highly connected biomedical data in a Neo4j database GenCoNet. As a starting point, data on the common comorbid diseases essential hypertension and bronchial asthma was integrated. GenCoNet (https://genconet.kalis-amts.de) is a curated database that provides a better understanding of hereditary bases of comorbidities.
Modality in Spanish Sign Language (LSE) revisited: a functional account
Authors: Salazar-García Ventura
Published: January 2019

This paper provides an analysis of modality in Spanish Sign Language (Lengua de Signos Española: LSE) from a functional perspective. Following FDG assumptions, scope will be the basic criterion in delineating modal subtypes. Four representational layers are taken into account: Propositional Content, Episode, State-of-Affairs, and Configurational Property. This study highlights that LSE offers an extensive sample of manual items (with a variable degree of grammaticalization) that enable the efficient expression of a wide range of modal contents: epistemic, deontic, volitive, and facultative. LSE is thus fully congruent with oral languages (OLs) in this domain.