bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Reason, Action, and the Creative Imagination
Authors: Savage Roger W. H. ,   Zeta Books
Published: June 2019

The exemplary value of individual moral and political acts provides a unique vantage point for inquiring into the role of the creative imagination in social life. Drawing on Kant’s concept of productive imagination, I argue that an act’s exemplification of a fitting response to a moral or political problem or crisis is comparable to the way that a work of art expresses the ‘thought’ or ‘idea’ to which it gives voice. The exercise of practical reason, or phronesis, is akin to the way that a work augments the practical field of our experiences in this respect. For, like a work of art, the act produces the rule to be followed by means of the example that it sets. Accordingly, I explain how the injunction issuing from the act can be credited to the way that the singular case summons its rule. The singular character of the injunction issuing from the act thus brings to the fore the relation between reflective judgment and this injunction’s normative value. The conjunction of reason, action, and the creative power of imagination offers a critical point of access for interrogating the normative force of claims rooted in individual acts. By setting reason, action, and imagination in the same conceptual framework, I therefore highlight the creative imagination’s subversive role in countering hegemonic systems and habits of thought through promoting the causes of social and political struggles.
Pobreza multidimensional: um estudo de caso das privações básicas na região nordeste de Santa Maria/RS
Authors: Vieira Cristiéle De Almeida , Moraes Diogo Alberto de , Puchale Caroline Lucion , Uberti Bianca , Oliveira Sibele Vasconcelos de , Marin Solange Regina
Published: June 2019

Amartya Sen (2000) define pobreza como uma situação de precariedade em diferentes aspectos da vida. Ou seja, ao invés de considerar apenas a renda familiar, a pobreza analisada em perspectiva multidimensional prima pela identifcação das privações do indivíduo, seja no âmbito social, econômico ou político. A problemática que permeia este trabalho é: Quão pobres são os indivíduos da região nordeste do município de Santa Maria (RS) quando consideradas suas capacitações básicas (Saúde, Alimentação, Educação e Habitação e Saneamento Básico)? O objetivo principal é identifcar as dimensões de maiores privações dos indivíduos do referido município, a fm de auxiliar na formulação de políticas públicas. Esta é uma pesquisa descritiva das informações coletadas entre 2015 e 2016 na região nordeste de Santa Maria (RS), com aplicação de 565 questionários. Como resultado geral, tem-se que os residentes da região nordeste santa-mariense possuem um baixo nível de pobreza multidimensional, porém com alguns indícios de privação nas condições de alimentação.
Pobreza, desenvolvimento e comportamento humano: análise e conceituação sob o enfoque da economia comportamental
Authors: Pereira Ohanna Larissa Fraga , Puchale Caroline Lucion , Sousa Thiago Matheus de Paula , Teixeira Nayara Felix , Oliveira Sibele Vasconcelos de
Published: June 2019

Inspirado nas recentes pesquisas do comportamento econômico humano e nas conceituações de pobreza e desenvolvimento humano, este estudo objetiva analisar como a economia comportamental se insere no complexo estudo desses fenômenos. Através de pesquisas bibliográficas, busca-se fornecer uma interpretação da trajetória do pensamento científico da pobreza e do desenvolvimento humano, desde suas primeiras conceituações e formas de mensurações, sob perspectivas unidimensionais, medidas principalmente através dos níveis de renda; até a visão contemporânea econômica comportamental, sob a perspectiva multidimensional agregadora de múltiplos fatores sociais, econômicos e subjetivos. À luz da abordagem econômica comportamental, emergem estudos que se preocupam em interpretar esses fenômenos por meio da análise dos obstáculos internos à mente dos indivíduos, defendendo a aplicação de pequenas intervenções, os nudges, na tomada de decisão dos agentes, buscando o aumento do bem-estar geral através de escolhas acertadas de políticas de combate à pobreza e de expansão do desenvolvimento humano.
O que é um banco? Uma análise das teorias de bancos em Wicksell e Keynes
Authors: Vasconcelos Daniel De Santana
Published: June 2019

O presente trabalho analisa as teorias originais de bancos nos escritos de Knut Wicksell e John M. Keynes. Esses dois autores, argumenta-se, delimitaram os contornos das teorias de fundos emprestáveis, no mainstream econômico (Wicksell), e as teorias heterodoxas com foco na preferência pela liquidez dos bancos (Keynes). O trabalho detalha como a teoria wickselliana fica limitada pela tentativa de conciliar bancos e crédito numa corn economy, limitada pela TQM, e como a obra de Keynes, no Treatise on Money, não obstante ainda preso à TQM, conseguiu avançar para um entendimento sistemático dos bancos e da necessidade de regulação bancária nas economias monetárias.
Influência da inoculação com bactérias endofíticas no desenvolvimento de plantas de milho
Authors: Batistela Jader Cesar , Kozusny-Andreani Dora Inés , Andreani Junior Roberto
Published: June 2019

Objetivou-se neste trabalho avaliar o efeito de bactérias promotoras do crescimento vegetal na cultura do milho cv. DKB 390PRO2. Foram utilizadas estirpes de bactérias endofíticas isoladas de folhas, caules e raízes de Brachiaria brizantha: UBb01; UBb04; UBb05; UBb08; UBb11; UBb12; UBb15; UBb16; UBb18; UBb20. Foram conduzidos dois experimentos: 1- foi conduzido em câmara de crescimento com fotoperíodo e temperatura controlados (16 horas luz e 28o C, respectivamente), foram empregados tubetes de PVC e como substrato vermiculita esterilizada; 2- conduzido em casa-de-vegetação, utilizando-se vasos de PVC preenchidos com terra: vermiculita (2:1). O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente casualizado com 12 repetições com os seguintes tratamentos: 1- testemunha absoluta (sem nitrogênio e sem inoculação); 2- aplicação de nitrogênio (na forma de nitrato de potássio); 3) inoculação das sementes com as diferentes bactérias. Os inoculantes foram preparados meios líquidos tripticaseina soya e incubados a 35O C por 72h. As sementes de milho foram submersas nas suspensões bacterianas (108 UFC mL-1) por 5 minutos, e em seguida semeadas. Os dados obtidos foram analisados pelo Teste de Kruskal Wallis para comparação dos tratamentos (bactérias) nas variáveis: comprimento parte aérea e raiz, fitomassa fresca da parte aérea, fitomassa seca da parte aérea e raiz, complementado com teste de comparações múltiplas de Dunn's. Verificou-se que em condições estéreis as estirpes UBb04, UBb05, UBb08, UBb12, UBb15, UBb16 promoveram o crescimento de plantas de milho; e as estirpes UBb04, UBb15, UBb16, em condições de casa de vegetação favoreceram o desenvolvimento das plantas de milho, superando inclusive as plantas que receberam nitrogênio.
Casos de estudio de Documentación Audiovisual
Authors: Ribas Tur Paquita
Published: June 2019

Esta experiencia relata el análisis de cuatro casos de archivos públicos y privados con el fin de compararlos y de abarcar los aspectos tratados durante el estudio de la asignatura. Este análisis ayuda a tener una visión práctica de lo que abarca el concepto de documentación audiovisual.
Map of the vulnerabiliy to pollution of the Apuo-Versilia aquifer (Tuscany - Italy)
Authors: Pranzini Giovanni , Di Martino Francesco , Fanti Riccardo , Fontanelli Katia
Published: June 2019

The authors have drawn up the Map of Vulnerability to Pollution for groundwater of the Apuo-Versilia coastal Plain using the SINTACS method. The availability of a large number of subsoil data (stratigraphic columns and piezometric surveys) integrated in a GIS environment, has allowed to obtaining a large detail map on an extended area (about 152 Km2). Vulnerability rates from high to very high prevail in much part of the Plain; this poses a risk for groundwater, which represent an important resource for civil water supply.
La collaborazione istituzionale tra il Servizio Geologico d’Italia di ISPRA e Roma Capitale: l’esempio dello studio idrogeologico del versante sudorientale della Collina di Monteverde
Authors: Gafà Rossella Maria , Martarelli Lucio , Monti Gennaro Maria , Silvi Angelantonio
Published: June 2019

Da oltre un decennio è in atto una collaborazione istituzionale tra il Servizio Geologico d’Italia di ISPRA e Roma Capitale. Questa collaborazione è finalizzata alla conoscenza e valutazione dei dissesti idrogeologici ed alla pianificazione degli interventi della loro messa in sicurezza che possano ridurre i potenziali impatti sul territorio [...].
Experimental validation of CFD simulations of bioaerosol movement in a mechanically ventilated airspace
Authors: La Amy , Zhang Qiang
Published: June 2019

A CFD (computational fluid dynamics) model was developed to simulate the movement of bioaerosols in mechanically-ventilated chambers and the results were validated with experiments. Liquid aerosols containing Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus (PRRSV) were artificially generated in the chambers. Bioaerosol concentration was monitored with an optical particle counter until steady-state conditions were achieved (aerosols containing viruses are referred to as bioaerosols in this paper). Four treatments with two ventilation rates and two bioaerosol generation rates were tested. The standard k-ɛ turbulence model and a discrete phase model with unsteady tracking was used in an ANSYS Fluent CFD model to simulate the airflow and bioaerosol movement until steady-state was reached. A mesh refinement test was performed to select an optimal mesh size for simulations. The CFD simulations showed good agreement with the measured bioaerosol concentrations at steady-state with differences of 2% to 8%, normalized mean square error of 0.01 to 0.19, and fractional bias of 0.02 to 0.08. Simulations and validation during the transient phase could not be verified because of limited measurement locations.
Impact of metal oxide nanoparticles on in vitro DNA amplification
Authors: Gao Chun-Hui , Mortimer Monika , Zhang Ming , Holden Patricia A. , Cai Peng , Wu Shan , Xin Yuexing , Wu Yichao , Huang Qiaoyun
Published: June 2019

Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is used as an in vitro model system of DNA replication to assess the genotoxicity of nanoparticles (NPs). Prior results showed that several types of NPs inhibited PCR efficiency and increased amplicon error frequency. In this study, we examined the effects of various metal oxide NPs on inhibiting PCR, using high- vs. low-fidelity DNA polymerases; we also examined NP-induced DNA mutation bias at the single nucleotide level. The effects of seven major types of metal oxide NPs (Fe2O3, ZnO, CeO2, Fe3O4, Al2O3, CuO, and TiO2) on PCR replication via a low-fidelity DNA polymerase (Ex Taq) and a high-fidelity DNA polymerase (Phusion) were tested. The successfully amplified PCR products were subsequently sequenced using high-throughput amplicon sequencing. Using consistent proportions of NPs and DNA, we found that the effects of NPs on PCR yield differed depending on the DNA polymerase. Specifically, the efficiency of the high-fidelity DNA polymerase (Phusion) was significantly inhibited by NPs during PCR; such inhibition was not evident in reactions with Ex Taq. Amplicon sequencing showed that the overall error rate of NP-amended PCR was not significantly different from that of PCR without NPs (p > 0.05), and NPs did not introduce single nucleotide polymorphisms during PCR. Thus, overall, NPs inhibited PCR amplification in a DNA polymerase-specific manner, but mutations were not introduced in the process.
Midline Incision versus Chevron Incision in Open Radical Nephrectomy: Quality of Life Differences
Authors: Widyasmara Her Bayu , Johanes Charles , Mochtar Chaidir A.
Published: June 2019

Objective: Open radical nephrectomy can be performed through midline or chevron incision. This study aims to compare the quality of life between midline and chevron incision in open radical the nephrectomy since comparison studies between these approach focused on quality life are still lacking.

Methods: This study includes total 31 patients that underwent open radical nephrectomy in Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital Indonesia. The subjects were divided into midline and chevron groups using simple random sampling. Modified WHOQOL BREF and VAS pain score were compared between these groups.

Results: Total 31 subjects included, with a male: female ratio 2.33:1 and age mean 49.81±13.1 with the incidence are highest at 41-60 years old. In our study, most subjects were diagnosed in T3-T4 with 58,07% overall. Clear cell renal cell carcinoma is the most frequent pathology result with 41,93% followed by Paper Renal cell Carcinoma 12.90%. VAS score is higher in Chevron group with result 2,47±1,40 compare to Midline group with 2,13±1,99. Match to the VAS score result, The Modified WHOQOL BREF Chevron group with mean 71,80±10,24 is lower than Midline group with 77,69±13,65. However, these differences are not statistically significant. The midline group was recorded two complications (IVC and spleen injury), whereas one complication (IVC injury) recorded in chevron group.

Conclusion: Both chevron and the midline are safe methods for open nephrectomy. Even the midline incision show better VAS score and quality of life, and there are no significant differences between midline or chevron incision in postoperative quality of life, VAS scores and intraoperative bleeding.
Teacher Variables and School Location as Predictors of Chemistry Teachers’ Awareness of Ethno Science Practices
Authors: Adesoji F. A. , Omilani N. A. , Francis O. A.
Published: June 2019

Innovative researches and findings of science educators and scholars on the effectiveness of ethno science based instructional model and approach remains unproductive in the field of chemistry education because of the continuous ignorance and neglect of ethno scientific practices by chemistry instructors. This neglect which could possibly be as a result of a lack or, inadequate awareness has stalled moves for contextualized system of chemistry education for more meaningful learning and effective teaching. In view of this, this study sought to ascertain secondary school chemistry teachers’ level of awareness of ethno science practices and the predictive value of teacher variables and school location. The study adopted descriptive survey research design. Data were collected from a sample of 150 chemistry teachers drawn from rural and urban secondary schools in Akinyele, Ido and Lagelu Local Government Area, Oyo state. The instruments used were validated and each reliability tested; Chemistry Teachers’ Questionnaire on Awareness of Ethno Science Practices (r=0.75) and Chemistry Teachers’ Questionnaire on Value for Culture (r=0.95). Four research questions tested at 0.05 and 0.01 level of significance using Analysis of Variance ANOVA; which guided this study were answered using descriptive statistics of (mean and standard deviation), Pearson product moment correlation and multiple regression. The study revealed that chemistry teachers’ awareness of ethno science was below expectation (x̅=60.34). The independent variables had significant composite contribution on awareness of ethno science (23.9%). Gender and School location both had no significant relative contribution on awareness while, Value for culture (B=0.128;t=3.166;p<0.05) and Experience (B=5.490;t=3.551;p<0.05) both had significant relative contribution on awareness. Gender had no significant relationship with awareness while, Value for culture (r=0.811;p<0.01), Experience (r=0.242;p<0.01) and School location (r=0.360;p<0.01) had significant relationship with awareness. Following these findings, it was recommended that there is need to equip chemistry teachers with indigenous knowledge of the people in the area where they teach through training and re-training. The need for government and educational research institute to encourage research on profiling of ethno science practices for integration in science classroom was also suggested. Also suggested, is the need for chemistry teachers to be given the necessary support and opportunity to formally link culture with western science in classroom instruction.
T
hermodesulforhabdus
Authors: Galushko Alexander , Kuever Jan
Published: June 2019

Ther.mo.de.sul.fo.rhab'dus. Gr. adj.
thermos
warm, hot; L. pref.
de
from; L. masc. n.
sulfur
sulfur; Gr. fem. n.
rhabdos
rod; N.L. fem. n.
Thermodesulforhabdus
thermophilic, rod‐shaped, sulfate reducer.

Desulfobacterota / Syntrophobacteria / Syntrophobacterales / Thermodesulforhabdaceae / Thermodesulforhabdus

Rod‐shaped cells, 1 × 2.5 µm. Occur singly or in pairs. Spore formation is not observed. Gram‐stain‐negative. Motile. Strictly anaerobic, having a respiratory type of metabolism. Chemoorganoheterotrophic, using straight‐chain fatty acids, other organic acids, and ethanol as carbon sources and electron donors. Electron donors are completely oxidized to CO
2
via the anaerobic C
1
pathway (carbon monoxide dehydrogenase or Wood–Ljungdahl pathway). Sulfate and sulfite serve as terminal electron acceptors and are reduced to H
2
S. Thiosulfate, sulfur, fumarate, and nitrate are not used as terminal electron acceptors. Thermophilic. The optimal temperature for growth is 60°C. Neutrophilic. The optimal pH for growth is 6.9. NaCl and MgCl
2
are necessary for growth. Media containing a reductant are necessary for cultivation. Vitamins are not required. The major menaquinone, the pattern of polar lipids, and the cellular fatty acid profiles are not known. The genus currently accommodates a single species
Thermodesulforhabdus norvegica
. The type strain of the genus was isolated from hot North Sea oil field water from a Norwegian oil platform.
Thermodesulforhabdus
species occur in hot North Sea oil field water and hydrothermal vents.

DNA G + C content (mol%)
: 51 (LC), 49.7 (genome).

Type species
:
Thermodesulforhabdus norvegica
Beeder, Torsvik and Lien 1996, 625
VP
(Effective publication:
Thermodesulforhabdus norvegicus
Beeder, Torsvik and Lien 1995, 335).
C
ompostibacillus
Authors: Yu Zhen , Yang Guiqin , Zhou Shungui
Published: June 2019

Com.pos.ti.ba.cil'lus. N.L. neut. n.
compostum
, compost; L. masc. n.
bacillus
, a small rod; N.L. masc. n.
Compostibacillus
, a rod‐shaped bacterium from compost.

Firmicutes / Bacilli / Bacillales / Bacillaceae / Compostibacillus

Cells are Gram‐positive‐staining rods, 0.6–0.8‐µm wide and 1.6–3.0‐µm long, occurring singly or in irregular clusters. Cylindrical or ellipsoidal endospores lie in terminal positions in swollen sporangia. Motile by peritrichous flagella. Facultatively anaerobic, moderately thermophilic, and slightly alkaliphilic. Positive for oxidase and catalase. Colonies are yellowish brown, smooth, and round with entire margins.
Compostibacillus
can utilize a wide range of carbohydrates this is a curious way of stating that ammonium ions are used as nitrogen source. Nitrate is not reduced. Gelatin and casein are hydrolyzed. Contains meso‐diaminopimelic acid in cell‐wall peptidoglycan. The major cellular fatty acids are iso‐C
15:0
, iso‐C
17:0
, anteiso‐C
17:0
, and anteiso‐C
15:0
. The main menaquinone type is MK‐7. The predominant polar lipids are diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, and phosphatidylethanolamine. Belongs to the family
Bacillaceae
. Typically found in composts.

DNA G + C content (mol%)
: 43.2–43.7 (HPLC).

Type species
:
Compostibacillus humi
Yu, Wen, Yang, Liu and Zhou 2015, 351
VP
.
A
cidipila
Authors: Hiraishi Akira
Published: June 2019

A.ci.di.pi'la. N.L.
acidum
(from L. adj.
acidus
, sour), an acid; L. fem. n.
pila
, a ball or sphere; N.L. fem. n.
Acidipila
, acid sphere.

Acidobacteria / Acidobacteriia / Acidobacteriales / Acidobacteriaceae / Acidipila

The genus
Acidipila
accommodates the species of the strictly aerobic chemoorganotrophic bacteria that grow optimally under acidic conditions. Cells are Gram‐stain‐negative cocci and coccobacilli multiplying by binary fission. Nonmotile and capsulated. Colonies are mucous and vary in color from white–beige to pale pink. Growth is inhibited by ≥1.0% (w/w) NaCl. Oxidase and catalase are negative. Carbohydrates including
d
‐glucose are favored carbon and energy sources for growth. The major respiratory quinone is MK‐8. The cellular fatty acids are characterized by the presence of methyl‐branched‐chain acids with iso‐C
15
:0
predominating and considerable amounts of saturated and unsaturated straight‐chain acids. The members of the genus were isolated from acid mine drainage, acid soil, and forest soil.

DNA G + C content (mol%)
: 56.3–59.5 (HPLC).

Type species
:
Acidipila rosea
Okamura, Kawai, Yamada and Hiraishi 2015b, 2777
VP
(Effective publication: Okamura, Kawai, Yamada and Hiraishi 2011, 141).
L
uteitalea
Authors: Huber Katharina J. , Overmann Jörg
Published: June 2019

Lu.te.i.ta'le.a. L. fem. adj.
lutea
golden yellow; L. fem. n.
talea
a slender staff; N.L. fem. n.
Luteitalea
a yellow‐pigmented, rod‐shaped bacterium.

Acidobacteria / ‘Vicinamibacteria’ / ‘Vicinamibacterales’ / Vicinamibacteraceae / Luteitalea

The single known representative of the genus
Luteitalea
is an aerobic, chemoorganotrophic, and psychrotolerant mesophile capable of growing over a broad temperature and pH range. Cells of the type strain stain Gram‐negative, are nonmotile, divide by binary fission, and neither form spores nor capsules. Small dark yellow colonies are formed on agar plates. Cytochrome
c‐
oxidase activity tests negative, whereas catalase activity is observed.
Luteitalea
grows on several sugars and complex proteinaceous compounds. NaCl concentrations of 0.25% allow optimum growth of the cells; concentrations up to 1% (w/v) are tolerated. Resistant to penicillin G, oxacillin, ampicillin, ticarcillin, mezlocillin, cefalotin, cefazolin, cefotaxime, aztreonam, imipenem, chloramphenicol, erythromycin, ofloxacin, norfloxacin, pipemidic acid, nitrofurantoin, neomycin, fosfomycin, moxifloxacin, linezolid, and nystatin. Iso‐C
15:0
, C
16:1
ω9
c
, C
18:1
ω9
c
, and iso‐C
17:1
ω9
c
are the major fatty acids.
Iso
‐diabolic acid is present, and traces of 6‐methyl
iso
‐diabolic are detectable. The major polar lipids are diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylglycerol, and two unknown phospholipids. MK‐8 represents the major quinone. The type strain of the genus
Luteitalea
was isolated from a mown pasture grassland soil in Germany.

DNA G
+
C content (mol%)
: 64.7 (HPLC).

Type species
:
Luteitalea pratensis
Vieira, Luckner, Wanner and Overmann 2017, 1411
VP
.
C
oprothermobacterales
Authors: Pavan María Elisa , Pavan Esteban E. , Kämpfer Peter , Pettinari María Julia , López Nancy I.
Published: June 2019

Co.pro.ther.mo.bac.te.ra'les. N.L. masc. n.
Coprothermobacter
type genus of the order; ‐
ales
ending to denote an order; N.L. fem. pl. n.
Coprothermobacterales
the order of the genus
Coprothermobacter
.

Coprothermobacterota / Coprothermobacteria / Coprothermobacterales

The order
Coprothermobacterales
belonging to the phylum
Coprothermobacterota
constitutes one of the primary lines of descent in the bacterial domain. The order is currently represented by a single family and genus. Nonmotile rods. Stains Gram‐negative. Non‐spore‐forming. Strictly anaerobic, thermophilic. Chemoorganotrophs. Proteolytic fermenters that produce acetic acid, H
2
, and CO
2
as the main end products. Able to reduce thiosulfate but not sulfate to sulfide.

Type genus
:
Coprothermobacter
Rainey and Stackebrandt 1993, 858
VP
.
Comparison of machine learning models for seizure prediction in hospitalized patients
Authors: Struck Aaron F. , Rodriguez‐Ruiz Andres A. , Osman Gamaledin , Gilmore Emily J. , Haider Hiba A. , Dhakar Monica B. , Schrettner Matthew , Lee Jong W. , Gaspard Nicolas , Hirsch Lawrence J. , Westover M. Brandon ,   Critical Care EEG Monitoring Research Consortium (CCERMRC)
Published: June 2019

Objective

To compare machine learning methods for predicting inpatient seizures risk and determine the feasibility of 1‐h screening EEG to identify low‐risk patients (<5% seizures risk in 48 h).

Methods

The Critical Care EEG Monitoring Research Consortium (CCEMRC) multicenter database contains 7716 continuous EEGs (cEEG). Neural networks (NN), elastic net logistic regression (EN), and sparse linear integer model (RiskSLIM) were trained to predict seizures. RiskSLIM was used previously to generate 2HELPS2B model of seizure predictions. Data were divided into training (60% for model fitting) and evaluation (40% for model evaluation) cohorts. Performance was measured using area under the receiver operating curve (AUC), mean risk calibration (CAL), and negative predictive value (NPV). A secondary analysis was performed using Monte Carlo simulation (MCS) to normalize all EEG recordings to 48 h and use only the first hour of EEG as a “screening EEG” to generate predictions.

Results

RiskSLIM recreated the 2HELPS2B model. All models had comparable AUC: evaluation cohort (NN: 0.85, EN: 0.84, 2HELPS2B: 0.83) and MCS (NN: 0.82, EN; 0.82, 2HELPS2B: 0.81) and NPV (absence of seizures in the group that the models predicted to be low risk): evaluation cohort (NN: 97%, EN: 97%, 2HELPS2B: 97%) and MCS (NN: 97%, EN: 99%, 2HELPS2B: 97%). 2HELPS2B model was able to identify the largest proportion of low‐risk patients.

Interpretation

For seizure risk stratification of hospitalized patients, the RiskSLIM generated 2HELPS2B model compares favorably to the complex NN and EN generated models. 2HELPS2B is able to accurately and quickly identify low‐risk patients with only a 1‐h screening EEG.
Constructing Gene‐Enhanced Tissue Engineering for Regeneration and Repair of Osteochondral Defects
Authors: Chen Taijun , Cao Fei , Wu Xin , Peng Wenzhen , Zhi Wei , Weng Jie , Zhang Xingdong , Wang Jianxin
Published: June 2019

In situ sustained release of endogenous growth factors from cells is a challenge for repair and regeneration of tissue. Although recombinant adenovirus vectors are an effective delivery system that can prolong the release of growth factors and is very suitable for the therapy of growth factors, these recombinant adenovirus vectors that are widely used at present have low safety and stability in terms of long‐term expression. In this study, the above problems are solved by knocking out both E1 and E3 genes at the same time and directly inserting the gene fragments encoding target proteins after the inverted terminal repeats. Finally, the combination of gene therapy with tissue engineering in regeneration and repair of full‐thickness defects of osteochondral tissue are applied as an example. The results show that this strategy can achieve complete repair of articular osteochondral defects and recovery of their function, and meanwhile solve the problems of low safety and expression instability of recombinant adenovirus vectors. This method provides a bright prospect for the application of gene enhanced tissue engineering in the regeneration and repair of joint tissue, and also provides a reference for the repair and regeneration of other tissues.
Self‐Healing Technology for Metallic Die Attach Materials in Electronics
Authors: Take Naoya , Joshi Shailesh N. , Dede Ercan M.
Published: June 2019

Wideband gap (WBG) semiconductors are expected to be widely used in hybrid, electric, and fuel cell vehicles due to their high efficiency operation and possibility for system size reduction. These semiconductor devices are bonded to a substrate using solder or a high temperature capable thermal interface material also known as die attach. Device operating temperatures >200 °C are likely to put additional stress on the bonding system, which may result in thermal fatigue and cracks. Here, the authors report a self‐healing core‐shell capsule within the device attachment layer for self‐healing of cracks. Through proof‐of‐concept experiments, the authors demonstrate that at high temperature and pressure, the platinum shell layer of the composite capsule intentionally breaks, releasing the core indium material into the surrounding solder. The indium released from the capsule propagates through and remains confined inside the bond layer. Refinement of this technology is expected to provide a mechanism for prolonging the life of future WBG power modules.
Recent Advances in 1D Organic Solid‐State Lasers
Authors: Wei Guo‐Qing , Wang Xue‐Dong , Liao Liang‐Sheng
Published: June 2019

Organic solid‐state lasers (OSSLs) based on 1D organic crystals have attracted broad attention from researchers owing to the importance of potential applications in optoelectronic fields. 1D OSSLs can be fabricated from various organic molecules under the function of weak intermolecular interactions via numerous methods. The lasing performance of 1D OSSLs can be tuned toward novel optoelectronic applications by modifying the primary 1D morphology through constructing heterogeneous 1D architectures. Here, the recent advances of 1D OSSLs from the aspects of materials, fabrication methods, as well as some enlightening examples of 1D OSSLs with advanced laser performances are reviewed, and an outlook is given providing inspiration for the future development of 1D OSSLs with desired performances.
Acetalated Dextran Nanoparticles Loaded into an Injectable Alginate Cryogel for Combined Chemotherapy and Cancer Vaccination
Authors: Bauleth‐Ramos Tomás , Shih Ting‐Yu , Shahbazi Mohammad‐Ali , Najibi Alexander J. , Mao Angelo S. , Liu Dongfei , Granja Pedro , Santos Hélder A. , Sarmento Bruno , Mooney David J.
Published: June 2019

Vaccination represents a promising strategy for cancer therapy due to its ability to efficiently eliminate tumors from the host body and prevent their recurrence. Nevertheless, the current vaccines are still lacking efficacy. Combination therapies, such as those integrating chemotherapy with immunotherapy, represent a powerful tool to potentially circumvent this drawback. Herein, injectable alginate cryogels loaded with granulocyte‐macrophage colony‐stimulating factor and cytosine‐phosphodiester‐guanine‐rich oligonucleotides, are combined with spermine‐modified acetalated dextran nanoparticles (Sp‐AcDEX NPs), loaded with p53 activator Nutlin‐3a (Nut‐3a) for combined chemoimmunotherapy. The Sp‐AcDEX NPs are successfully loaded into the alginate cryogels and released over time. Furthermore, the delivery of the NPs from the cryogel enhances their accumulation in tumor tissue following peritumoral injection. Nut‐3a exerts toxicity towards the tumor cells and induces immunogenic cell death through the upregulation of surface calreticulin expression. Overall, this combination is a promising strategy to reduce cancer cell proliferation, induce immunogenic cell death, and accumulate drug payloads into the tumor. This approach may avoid cancer recurrence through the induction of in situ cancer vaccination mediated by antigens and danger signals released from the apoptotic cancer cells.
Phonon‐Assisted Electro‐Optical Switches and Logic Gates Based on Semiconductor Nanostructures
Authors: Shan Zhengping , Hu Xuelu , Wang Xiao , Tan Qin , Yang Xin , Li Yunyun , Liu Huawei , Wang Xiaoxia , Huang Wei , Zhu Xiaoli , Zhuang Xiujuan , Sun Yu‐Jia , Ma Libo , Zhang Jun , Schmidt Oliver G. , Agarwal Ritesh , Pan Anlian
Published: June 2019

High‐performance nanostructured electro‐optical switches and logic gates are highly desirable as essential building blocks in integrated photonics. In contrast to silicon‐based optoelectronic devices, with their inherent indirect optical bandgap, weak light‐modulation mechanism, and sophisticated device configuration, direct‐bandgap‐semiconductor nanostructures with attractive electro‐optical properties are promising candidates for the construction of nanoscale optical switches for on‐chip photonic integrations. However, previously reported semiconductor‐nanostructure optical switches suffer from serious drawbacks such as high drive voltage, limited operation spectral range, and low modulation depth. High‐efficiency electro‐optical switches based on single CdS nanobelts with low drive voltage, ultra‐high on/off ratio, and broad operation wavelength range, properties resulting from unique electric‐field‐dependent phonon‐assisted optical transitions, are demonstrated. Furthermore, functional NOT, NOR, and NAND optical logic gates are demonstrated based on these switches. These switches and optical logic gates represent an important step toward integrated photonic circuits.
Hybrid Plasmonic–Ferroelectric Architectures for Lasing and SHG Processes at the Nanoscale
Authors: O Ramírez Mariola , Molina Pablo , Gómez‐Tornero Alejandro , Hernández‐Pinilla David , Sánchez‐García Laura , Carretero‐Palacios Sol , Bausá Luisa E.
Published: June 2019

Coherent light sources providing sub‐wavelength confined modes are in ever more demand to face new challenges in a variety of disciplines. Scalability and cost‐effective production of these systems are also highly desired. The use of ferroelectrics in functional optical platforms, on which plasmonic arrangements can be formed, is revealed as a simple and powerful method to develop coherent light sources with improved and novel functionalities at the nanoscale. Two types of sources with sub‐diffraction spatial confinement and improved performances are presented: i) plasmon‐assisted solid‐state nanolasers based on the interaction between metallic nanostructures and optically active rare earth doped ferroelectric crystals and ii) nonlinear radiation sources based on quadratic frequency mixing processes that are enhanced by means of localized surface plasmon (LSP) resonances. The mechanisms responsible for the intensification of the radiation–matter interaction processes by LSP resonances are discussed in each case. The challenges, potential applications, and future perspectives of the field are highlighted.
Observation of a Giant Nonlinear Chiro‐Optical Response in Planar Plasmonic–Photonic Metasurfaces
Authors: Wang Feng , Harutyunyan Hayk
Published: June 2019

Plasmonic nanosystems and metamaterials have recently attracted considerable attention because of their ability to enhance the light–matter interactions. One of such optical phenomena is the chiral‐ or handedness‐dependent response which typically requires 3D samples. Planar structures that can exhibit chiral response are highly desirable because of their facile fabrication, however fundamental challenges arising from the 2D nature of these systems prevent the generation of strong chiro‐optical effects. In this work, giant enhancement of the handedness‐dependent optical response in planar metallic nanostructures is shown by exploring the hybridization of plasmonic–photonic modes in a chiral metasurface. The resulting planar hybrid metasurface exhibits over an order of magnitude difference in nonlinear optical response when illuminated with excitation light of opposite circular polarizations. The unique properties of the hybridized plasmonic–photonic modes are shown to be responsible for the giant chiral nonlinear response. This platform allows to study the fundamental framework of chiral optical effects that arise from the combination of planar chirality and collective interaction of discrete nanosystems.
An efficient method allowing for continuous preparation of PDMS/PVDF composite membrane
Authors: Li Shufeng , Li Pei , Si Zhihao , Li Guozhen , Qin Peiyong , Tan Tianwei
Published: June 2019

Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) membranes are widely applied in biofuel production, gasoline desulfurization, and wastewater treatment because of its excellent organophilic nature. However, curing of PDMS membrane usually lasts for hours to days. In this study, effects of temperature, catalyst, water, and ethanol on viscoelasticity of PDMS before and after coating were investigated. A mathematical model was proposed to describe the relationships between viscosity of coating mixture and time. The time window to coat PDMS coating mixture could be predicted by this model with errors below 2.7 min. Moreover, we proposed an imprint method to determine the time for membrane winding‐up. Finally, a continuous fabrication procedure was established by controlling compositions of coating mixture and crosslinking conditions where the time window to coat PDMS and duration of winding up were 88.3 min and 11 min, respectively. The fast and continuous preparation procedure fits the requirement of producing large amounts of PDMS membranes.
Do current Philips ultrasound systems exceed the recommended safety limits during routine prenatal ultrasounds?
Authors: Ong Qi Hao , Necas Martin , Lissington Karen
Published: June 2019

Background

Biological safety of ultrasound is a complex and nuanced subject that is poorly understood by ultrasound users. Little is known about the acoustic output and thermal index levels during the routine use of modern ultrasound machines in prenatal scanning.

Methodology

This study was a retrospective review of thermal index (TI) values encountered during 300 prenatal ultrasound examinations (100 in each trimester) performed on any one of 13 Philips Epiq 7 or Epiq 5 systems, representing approximately 106.5 h of real‐time scanning. The TI levels were compared to three international guidelines on the biological safety of ultrasound.

Results

The routine use of current Philips systems was associated with low TI levels. Of the 300 examinations reviewed, virtually all were compliant with the BMUS and Nelson safety guideline. Whether the examination was compliant with the WFUMB guideline is open to interpretation. The highest level of TI encountered was 1.1. In no instance did the TI level incur into the ‘not recommended’ range or into a range where specific user action was required to reduce the TI within 1 min. The most frequent action associated with TI > 0.7 was the use of M‐mode to document the fetal heart rate. In the four instances where TI peaked at 1.1, 3 were associated with the use of M‐mode and one with B‐mode. Spectral Doppler was not implicated in high TI levels. These results are surprising and open up a range of opportunities for future study.
Preparation of Polyfunctional Arylzinc Organometallics in Toluene by Halogen/Zinc Exchange Reactions
Authors: Balkenhohl Moritz , Ziegler Dorothée S. , Desaintjean Alexandre , Bole Leonie J. , Kennedy Alan R. , Hevia Eva , Knochel Paul
Published: June 2019

A wide range of polyfunctional diaryl‐ and diheteroarylzinc species were prepared in toluene within 10 min to 5 h through an I/Zn or Br/Zn exchange reaction using bimetallic reagents of the general formula R′2Zn⋅2 LiOR (R′=sBu, tBu, pTol). Highly sensitive functional groups, such as a triazine, a ketone, an aldehyde, or a nitro group, were tolerated in these exchange reactions, enabling the synthesis of a plethora of functionalized (hetero)arenes after quenching with various electrophiles. Insight into the constitution and reactivity of these bimetallic mixtures revealed the formation of highly active lithium diorganodialkoxyzincates of type [R′2Zn(OR)2Li2].
Magnetically recyclable nano copper/chitosan in O‐arylation of phenols with aryl halides
Authors: Mousavi Mashhadi Seyed Ali , Kassaee Mohamad Z. , Eidi Esmaiel
Published: June 2019

Interaction of chitosan (CS) with Fe3O4, followed by embedding Cu nanoparticles (NPs) on the magnetic surface through adsorption of Cu2+, and its reduction to Cuo via NaBH4, offers a reusable efficient catalyst (Fe3O4/CS‐Cu NPs) that is employed in cross‐coupling reactions of aryl halides with phenols, which affords the corresponding diaryl ethers, with good to excellent yields. The catalyst is completely recoverable from the reaction mixture by using an external magnet. It can be reused four times, without significant loss in its catalytic activity.
Biological Pathway Specificity in the Cell—Does Molecular Diversity Matter?
Authors: Walter Nils G.
Published: June 2019

Biology arises from the crowded molecular environment of the cell, rendering it a challenge to understand biological pathways based on the reductionist, low‐concentration in vitro conditions generally employed for mechanistic studies. Recent evidence suggests that low‐affinity interactions between cellular biopolymers abound, with still poorly defined effects on the complex interaction networks that lead to the emergent properties and plasticity of life. Mass‐action considerations are used here to underscore that the sheer number of weak interactions expected from the complex mixture of cellular components significantly shapes biological pathway specificity. In particular, on‐pathway—i.e., “functional”—become those interactions thermodynamically and kinetically stable enough to survive the incessant onslaught of the many off‐pathway (“nonfunctional”) interactions. Consequently, to better understand the molecular biology of the cell a further paradigm shift is needed toward mechanistic experimental and computational approaches that probe intracellular diversity and complexity more directly. Also see the video abstract here https://youtu.be/T19X_zYaBzg.
Efficacy of curcumin on prevention of drug‐induced nephrotoxicity: A review of animal studies
Authors: Motaharinia Javad , Panahi Yunes , Barreto George E. , Beiraghdar Fatemeh , Sahebkar Amirhossein
Published: June 2019

Drug‐induced nephrotoxicity is a frequent serious adverse effect, contributing to morbidity and increased healthcare utilization. Prevention or reversal is key. Curcumin has useful biological features that include antioxidant, anti‐inflammatory, and anticancer properties. This review covers aspects of curcumin in relation to prevention of drug‐induced nephrotoxicity: dosage and schedule, effect on kidney biomarkers and histological changes, and mechanisms of curcumin's protective effects. Despite success in some animal models, human studies and clinical administration of curcumin for nephroprotection remains limited due to difficulty in achieving therapeutic levels following oral administration and in determining the optimal dosing schedule. Lack of sufficient evidence from animal studies, coupled with low systemic bioavailability, continues to limit the utilization of curcumin in addressing and controlling drug‐induced nephrotoxicity. Therefore, human studies are required to fully assess and validate the therapeutic potential of curcumin.
Coupling agent motivations and spatial behaviors for authoring multiagent narratives
Authors: Zhang Xun , Schaumann Davide , Haworth Brandon , Faloutsos Petros , Kapadia Mubbasir
Published: June 2019

Authoring behavior narratives for heterogeneous multiagent virtual humans engaged in collaborative, localized, and task‐based behaviors can be challenging. Traditional behavior authoring frameworks are either space‐centric, where occupancy parameters are specified; behavior‐centric, where multiagent behaviors are defined; or agent‐centric, where desires and intentions drive agents' behavior. In this paper, we propose to integrate these approaches into a unique framework to author behavior narratives that progressively satisfy time‐varying building‐level occupancy specifications, room‐level behavior distributions, and agent‐level motivations using a prioritized resource allocation system. This approach can generate progressively more complex and plausible narratives that satisfy spatial, behavioral, and social constraints. Possible applications of this system involve computer gaming and decision‐making in engineering and architectural design.
Nutritional components, in vitro digestibility, and textural properties of cookies made from whole hull‐less barley
Authors: Deng Xiao‐Qing , Pan Zhi‐Fen , Li Qiao , Deng Guang‐Bing , Long Hai , Tashi Nima , Zhao Yun , Yu Mao‐Qun
Published: June 2019

Background and objectives

Hull‐less barley provides health benefits, but it is not consumed widely because of its poor processing performance and eating quality of end products. In this study, cookies from 23 whole hull‐less barley varieties including waxy and ordinary types were prepared, and its nutritional composition, in vitro digestibility, and textural properties were evaluated.

Findings

Wide variations were observed in the properties of different cookies. Waxy cookies were higher in protein and β‐glucan contents (10.08% and 5.46%) than ordinary ones (8.27% and 3.83%, respectively), but lower in equilibrium concentration of hydrolysis (C∞), glycemic index (GI), rapidly digestible starch (RDS), and resistant starch (RS) contents which corresponded to its higher crystallinity and more number of crystalline peaks. Besides, waxy cookies tended to be more crispy, hard, and chewy than ordinary ones. Correlation analyses indicate that amylose and total starch positively influenced starch hydrolysis, but negatively affected cookie texture. Conversely, both protein and β‐glucan corresponded with a low estimated GI and high textural parameters.

Conclusions

Waxy cookies retained higher nutritional value and potential health benefits. Meanwhile, waxy cookies gained desirable sensory properties as well as ordinary ones.

Significance and novelty

The major components of barley grain significantly influenced the nutritional value, in vitro starch digestibility, and texture of 100% whole hull‐less barley cookies, and waxy type could be more beneficial to human health.
σ‐Silane Platinum(II) Complexes as Intermediates in C−Si Bond‐Coupling Processes
Authors: Ríos Pablo , Fouilloux Hugo , Díez Josefina , Vidossich Pietro , Lledós Agustí , Conejero Salvador
Published: June 2019

Platinum complexes [Pt(NHC′)(NHC)][BArF] (in which NHC′ denotes a cyclometalated N‐heterocyclic carbene ligand, NHC) react with primary silanes RSiH3 to afford the cyclometalated platinum(II) silyl complexes [Pt(NHC‐SiHR′)(NHC)][BArF] through a process that involves the formation of C−Si and Pt−Si bonds with concomitant extrusion of H2. Low‐temperature NMR studies indicate that the process proceeds through initial formation of the σ‐SiH complexes [Pt(NHC′)(NHC)(HSiH2R)][BArF], which are stable at temperatures below −10 °C. At higher temperatures, activation of one Si−H bond followed by a C−Si coupling reaction generates an agostic SiH platinum hydride derivative [Pt(H)(NHC′‐SiH2R)(NHC)][BArF], which undergoes a second Si−H bond activation to afford the final products. Computational modeling of the reaction mechanism indicates that the stereochemistry of the silyl/hydride ligands after the first Si−H bond cleavage dictates the nature of the products, favoring the formation of a C−Si bond over a C−H bond, in contrast to previous results obtained for tertiary silanes. Furthermore, the process involves a trans‐to‐cis isomerization of the NHC ligand before the second Si−H bond cleavage.