bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Triaging Atypical Lobular Hyperplasia and Lobular Carcinoma In Situ on Percutaneous Core Biopsy to Surgery or Observation: Assiduous Radiologic-Pathologic Correlation Works, Quantitating Extent of Disease Does Not
Authors: Holbrook Anna I. , Hanley Krisztina , Jeffers Caprichia , Kang Jian , Cohen Michael A.
Published: December 2018

Context.—

The management of lobular neoplasia (LN) found on core biopsy is controversial and ranges from obligatory surgical excision to clinical/imaging observation.

Objective.—

To determine if in cases of core needle biopsy yielding LN, quantification of normal and diseased terminal ductal lobular units (TDLUs) can predict which cases require surgical excision and which can be safely followed. A secondary goal is to assess whether the concordance or discordance of core biopsy results, determined by rigorous radiologic-pathologic correlation, can predict for upgrade to malignancy at excision.

Design.—

In this retrospective study, 79 specimens from 78 women who underwent image-guided core needle biopsies between 2005 and 2012 yielding LN were evaluated for total number of TDLUs and total number and percentage of TDLUs involved by LN. Additionally, radiologic-pathologic correlation was performed to assess concordance or discordance. All were correlated with the results of surgical excisional biopsy or imaging/clinical follow-up.

Results.—

There were 5 upgrades to malignancy. There was no association between upgrade to malignancy and any of the 3 TDLU variables evaluated, including total TDLUs in the specimen (P = .42), total abnormal TDLUs (P = .56), and percent of TDLUs that are abnormal (P = .07). Kendall rank correlation demonstrated a correlation between discordance and upgrade to cancer at surgery that was statistically significant (τb = −0.394, P < .001).

Conclusions.—

Quantifying total TDLU and those involved by LN on core biopsy will not aid in triaging patients to surgery or observation. Assiduous radiologic-pathologic correlation to determine lesion concordance/discordance can predict those patients who would benefit from surgical excision.
Frozen Section Diagnosis of Ovarian Epithelial Tumors: Diagnostic Pearls and Pitfalls
Authors: Buza Natalia
Published: December 2018

Context.—

Epithelial tumors of the ovary are one of the most frequently encountered gynecologic specimens in the frozen section laboratory. The preoperative diagnostic workup of an ovarian mass is typically limited to imaging studies and serum markers, both of which suffer from low sensitivity and specificity. Therefore, intraoperative frozen section evaluation is crucial for determining the required extent of surgery, that is, cystectomy for benign tumors, oophorectomy or limited surgical staging for borderline tumors in younger patients to preserve fertility, or extensive staging procedure for ovarian carcinomas. Ovarian epithelial tumors may exhibit a wide range of morphologic patterns, which often overlap with each other and can mimic a variety of other ovarian nonepithelial neoplasms as well. A combination of careful gross examination, appropriate sampling and interpretation of morphologic findings, and familiarity with the clinical context is the key to the accurate frozen section diagnosis and successful intraoperative consultation.

Objective.—

To review the salient frozen section diagnostic features of ovarian epithelial tumors, with special emphasis on useful clinicopathologic and morphologic clues and potential diagnostic pitfalls.

Data Sources.—

Review of the literature and personal experience of the author.

Conclusions.—

Frozen section evaluation of ovarian tumors continues to pose a significant diagnostic challenge for practicing pathologists. This review article presents detailed discussions of the most common clinical scenarios and diagnostic problems encountered during intraoperative frozen section evaluation of mucinous, serous, endometrioid, and clear cell ovarian tumors.
Regulamentação da terceirização no Brasil: novas configurações das relações de trabalho, novos desafios à ação sindical.
Authors: Oliveira Ricardo Gonçalves de
Published: December 2018

A implantação do padrão exível nas relações de trabalho caracterizou-se pelo uso sistemático da subcontratação de empresas e de trabalhadores, recurso que no Brasil foi chamado de terceirização. Elemento central na organização do trabalho, permite às empresas maior facilidade para contratar e dispensar trabalhadores, aumentando um tipo de emprego temporário ou por tempo determinado. Seus resultados imediatos têm sido, principalmente no Brasil, precariedade no emprego e na remuneração e fragilização da atividade sindical. Recentemente, entrou em vigor a Lei 13.429/2017 que regulamenta, liberalizando, a terceirização. A vigência da Lei 13.429/2017, na prática, libera a terceirização de todas as etapas do processo produtivo, inclusive as atividadesm das empresas. Nesse sentido, apoiado em bibliogra a acerca das relações de trabalho, bem como em análise documental e entrevistas com dirigentes sindicais, especialmente da categoria bancária, este artigo pretende analisar a longa disputa travada entre entidades patronais e sindicais em torno da regulamentação da terceirização e, principalmente, suas consequências precarizantes para as relações de trabalho, bem como a fragmentação da organização e da ação sindical. Entende-se que, diante das mudanças na regulação do trabalho, a estrutura sindical o cial não é mais su ciente para uma ação sindical e caz de defesa dos interesses dos trabalhadores.
Construção social dos direitos do trabalho no Brasil: resistências democráticas à reforma trabalhista de 2017.
Authors: Artur Karen , Pessanha Elina Gonçalves da Fonte
Published: December 2018

A partir de abordagens que enfocam o repertório de intervenção de diferentes atores na construção social dos direitos do trabalho, o objetivo deste trabalho é tratar como os constrangimentos oferecidos pela reforma trabalhista à atuação sindical e à constituição de um direito do trabalho mais progressista estão sendo tratados no discurso dos atores sociais e institucionais. Por meio de acompanhamento das posições das centrais dos trabalhadores e da atuação de associações de juristas e agentes do direito, apontamos as resistências encontradas e as cotejamos com as primeiras manifestações formais da Organização Internacional do Trabalho sobre o caso brasileiro neste cenário conflituoso.
"I thought you loved me too?": Outcomes of discrepant involvement in romantic relationships
Authors: Weiser Dana , Hilliard Taylor , Knox David
Published: December 2018

As romantic relationships begin and evolve, it is sometimes the case that partners are discrepant in their attraction to, love for, and commitment to each other. Data were collected from 460 undergraduates who completed a 40 item Internet survey on the various types of discrepancies and outcomes for their respective relationships. Results revealed that half of participants had been in a discrepant relationship in which they were more attracted to, in love with, and committed to their partner and half were less attracted, in love and committed than a partner in a current or past relationship. Men were significantly more likely than women to report that they had been in a discrepant relationship in which they were more in love with their partner. Being more attracted and less attracted, in love with, and committed was positively associated with infidelity. Depression was positively associated with being more or less attracted to, in love with and committed. Alcohol/drug use was positively associated with being more attracted and in love with a partner, as well as being less attracted and committed to a partner. Of discrepant relationships that ended, 45% were by the respondent, 20% mutually, and 11% by the partner. Of discrepant relationships that continued, 44% of the respondents reported that the discrepancies did not matter and that the respondents were happy despite the discrepancies.
The effectiveness of the Bringing in the Bystander™ program among first-year students at a religiously-affiliated liberal arts college
Authors: Inman Elizabeth M. , Chaudoir Stephenie R. , Galvinhill Paul R. , Sheehy Ann M.
Published: December 2018

To address sexual assault, many universities are implementing Bringing in the Bystander™ (BitB) training, a prevention program that aims to improve participants’ bystander self-efficacy and reduce rape myth acceptance. Although growing evidence supports the efficacy of BitB, data primarily have been amassed at one large public university, the University of New Hampshire, limiting the generalizability of intervention effectiveness. To address this gap, we made modifications to training structure and assessed BitB effectiveness among first-year students at a private Jesuit Catholic liberal arts college in Massachusetts. Using a within-subjects pre-/post-test survey design, we found that students’ (N = 164) bystander self-efficacy significantly increased and rape myth acceptance significantly decreased following training. Results indicate that BitB implementation is feasible and effective on a new campus despite modest modifications to training delivery and despite differences in religious affiliation, median income, and class size between the two campuses.
Mindfulness and psychological adjustment in paediatric obesity: The mediating role of body image
Authors: Fernandes Daniela Ventura , Gouveia Maria João , Canavarro Maria Cristina , Moreira Helena
Published: December 2018

Aim

The present study explored the potential mediating role of body dissatisfaction and body shame in the relationship between dispositional mindfulness and psychological adjustment in children/adolescents with overweight/obesity. The study aimed to explore the moderating role of gender in the proposed associations.

Method

The sample comprised 105 children/adolescents with overweight/obesity who completed self-report instruments, including the Mindfulness Measure for Children and Adolescents (CAMM), the Collins Body Image Scale (CBI), the body shame subscale of the Experience of Shame Scale (ESS), the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) and the DISABKIDS-37.

Results

Regardless of gender, body shame mediated the association between mindfulness and mental and social quality of life (QoL) and the association between mindfulness and internalising problems.

Conclusion

These results suggest that psychological interventions focused on developing mindfulness skills and reducing body shame may be particularly useful for promoting the psychological adjustment of children/adolescents with overweight/obesity.
Complex Contamination Research and Hazard Assessment of the Waste of the Wooden Railway Sleeper
Authors: Vilniškis Rokas , Vaiškūnaitė Rasa
Published: December 2018

Before being put to use, wooden railway sleepers are impregnated with creosote to increase their longevity and protect them from any adverse environmental impact. Creosote consists of a number of chemical substances, and some of those substances, namely, the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, phenolic compounds and heterocyclic aromatic compounds, are potent carcinogens. Apart from polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and phenolic compounds, during their use, sleepers are mostly contaminated with heavy metals and petroleum products. Upon railway reconstruction, wooden railway sleepers become the waste, which must be handled by the current legislation of the European Union. After determining the concentration of contaminants with laboratory research, it is possible to identify their hazard level and classify them as hazardous or non-hazardous waste. After conducting laboratory research on the waste of wooden railway sleeper analysed, they are classified as hazardous waste.
Robustness of the Multi-Attribute Utility Model for Bridge Maintenance Planning
Authors: Bukhsh Zaharah Allah , Stipanovic Irina , Palic Sandra Skaric , Klanker Giel
Published: December 2018

Optimisation of maintenance planning is an essential part of bridge management. With the purpose to support maintenance planning, a multi- objective decision-making model is introduced in this paper. The model is based on multi-attribute utility theory, which is used for the optimisation process when multiple performance goals have to be taken into account. In the model, there are several parameters, which are freely chosen by the decision maker. The model is applied to the inventory of 22 bridges, where four Key Performance Indicators were determined for four performance aspects:  reliability, availability, costs and environment. A sensitivity analysis is performed by changing risk tolerance parameter and attribute weights to determine the robustness of the model. The Multi-Attribute Utility model and sensitivity analysis presented in this paper will help decision-makers to examine the robustness of the optimal solution by dynamically changing the critical parameters.
LCC-Based Appraisal of Ballasted and Slab Tracks: Limits and Potential
Authors: Pratico Filippo Giammaria , Giunta Marinella
Published: December 2018

The increase in train speed and axle load is an important goal to achieve in the future.  From a technical standpoint, ballastless tracks seem to be suitable to the aim, especially when high-speed passenger trains share the track with freight trains. Based on the above, the primary objective of this study is the comparison between ballasted and slab tracks regarding total costs over the life course. A suitable model to evaluate the total costs of competing solutions is set up. A solution for solving the issue of CO2 price fluctuation and for the quantification of External Costs is also formulated.  Life Cycle Costs are estimated based on agency, environmental and present user values. Analyses and results show that when Life Cycle Costing-based approaches are applied: i) Agency Costs have to be considered in the long-term perspective; ii) expected life has an appreciable impact and several solutions and systems, more affordable in the short term, yield unfavourable maintenance and renewal processes; iii) if total costs are considered over track life, the breakeven point is very far from the construction. Furthermore, the differences between the total Present Values of the two solutions become too small to yield sound conclusions in favour of the ballasted vs. the ballastless solution.
Метод рачуна обрачуна пореза као потенцијални метод опорезивања финансијских услуга
Authors: Савић Славен
Published: December 2018

Финансијске услуге представљају једно од најпроблематичнијих подручја када је у питању њихово опорезивање порезом на додату вредност. Ови проблеми извиру из саме њихове природе. Иако су ове услуге углавном изузете из опорезивања, у теорији и пракси постоје одређени предлози како би оне могле бити укључене у пореску базу ПДВ-а. Овај рад има за главни циљ да презентира један од предлога који би могао бити прихватљив са становишта опорезивања финансијских услуга.
Open Surgical Biopsy in Diagnosis of Mammographically Detected Suspicious Microcalcifications
Authors: Guzijan Aleksandar , Roganović Dragana , Soprenić Danijela
Published: December 2018

Background: One of the earliest signs of breast cancer may be the presence of mammographically detected suspicious microcalcifications in the breast. The aim of the study was to present an open surgical biopsy of the mammographically detected suspicious microcalcifications in a breast, with preoperative wire marking of the lesions and intraoperative specimen radiography, as a reliable and valid procedure.Material and Methods: The study included 80 female patients underwent surgery because of mammographically detected suspicious microcalcifications. The method of preoperative ultrasound-guided wire marking of a zone of microcalcification was performed in all patients.After wire marking, the control native mammography in ML and CC projections was performed, in order to locate the microcalcifications relative to the wire. In all patients, the extirpation of the suspicious microcalcifications was verified by the specimen radiography.Results: In the definitive histopathological finding in situ component of ductal carcinoma of the breast was verified in nine (11,25%) examinees. High grade in situ component was verified in eight (10%) examinees and low grade in situ component in one examinee (1,25%). In 11 (13,75%) examinees, the invasive breast cancer with an extensive in situ component up to 50% was verified. In 46 (57,5%) of the examinees, benign, non-proliferative changes were verified, while proliferative changes characterized as premalignant condition (sclerosing adenosis, radial scar and atypical ductal hyperplasia) were verified in 14 (17,5%) examinees. Microcalcifications verified by specimen radiography are completely removed.Conclusion: Presence of mammographically detected suspicious microcalcifications has a significant predictive value in the early detection of breast cancer. The method of an open surgical biopsy, as an alternative to stereotactic biopsy, is valid in diagnostic of the mammographically suspicious microcalcifications.
Advantages of Percutaneous Coronary Intervention in Relation to Medication Therapy in Patients with Stable Angina Pectoris (Three- Wessel Coronary Disease)
Authors: Milićević Nemanja , Stojković Siniša , Miloradović Vladimir , Maksimović Siniša
Published: December 2018

Patient, a man, age of 66 years, was admitted to the Internal Department,Interventional Cardiology Department for chest pains by type of stable anginapectoris. CCS II. In ambulatory conditions he was made non-invasive diagnostics,and after a positive ergometric test, a decision was made that the patient beadmitted to the catheterization hall for invasive diagnosis and possible percutaneouscoronary intervention.
Predicting chemovar cluster and variety verification in vegetative cannabis accessions using targeted single nucleotide polymorphisms
Authors: Henry Philippe , Hilyard Aaron , Johnson Steve , Orser Cindy
Published: December 2018

The cannabis industry has gained momentum and global acceptance recently, culminating in the legalization of adult use at the federal level in Canada, a first among G20 countries. Inherent to legalization, a highly regulated regime has emerged, mostly centered on end user safety, restriction of access to youth, and diversion of market shares away from the black market and organized crime. The lack of authentication of cannabis varieties remains as an issue often unaddressed by the regulators, although this has the potential to seriously hamper research and the medical application of cannabis derived products. Here, we extend upon previous work that aims to classify cannabis accessions based on their dominant terpene profiles, focusing on four main informative terpenes, beta-myrcene, terpinolene, limonene and beta-caryophyllene. We identify three major terpene groups and present a simple genetic-based tool to bridge the variety identification gap and to enable the prediction of terpenoid expression in vegetative cannabis. This genetic tool offers promise to sorting out the strain name game that has been ongoing, thus providing greater transparency in the industry and contributing to an enhanced understanding of cannabis medicine for the end user.
Karst springs of Apennines typified by upwelling flux
Authors: Fiorillo Francesco , Esposito Libera , Pagnozzi Mauro , Ciarcia Sabatino , Testa Giovanni
Published: December 2018

The hydraulic phenomenon of upwelling, affecting several karst springs of Apennines, has been investigated through piezometric data at different depth and chemical-physical data of springs water. Three different springs in Campania region were analyzed (Serino, Grassano and Caposele springs), characterized by three different groundwater schemes, but with the same upwelling phenomena at the springs. Some data (spring discharge and piezometric levels) have been acquired from the municipal waterwork,. Other data (physical-chemical parameters and Radon values (222Rn)) have been collected ad hoc in spring waters, included the spring discharges of Grassano springs. All the data pointed out that karst springs considered are fed by groundwater flux that locally is vertical. This features, common to others springs of Apennines, can be relevant in the realization of the tapping work, in their maintenance and for the definition of the protection area of the springs.
Results of the workshop on strategies and tools for administrators of the territory of the italian alpine space for the shallow geothermal systems - GRETA Project - Near-surface Geothermal Resources in the Territory of the Alpine Space
Authors: Stringa Ilaria , Baietto Alessandro , Spinolo Francesco , Zoesseder Kai , Prestor Joerg , Pestotnik Simona , Rupprecht Doris , Capodaglio Pietro , Casasso Alessandro , Della Valentina Simone , Bucci Arianna , Zambelli Pietro , D’Alonzo Valentina , Cassani Carlo Enrico , Ghidorzi Stefania
Published: December 2018

I sistemi a pompa di calore che utilizzano la geotermia di bassa profondità (altrimenti nota come a “bassa entalpia”) per il riscaldamento ed il raffrescamento degli edifici rappresentano una tecnologia efficiente e vantaggiosa che può contribuire significativamente alla riduzione delle emissioni di gas serra. Nonostante le bassissime emissioni e i costi energetici significativamente ridotti rispetto all’impiego di combustibili fossili, la diffusione dei sistemi che sfruttano l’energia geotermica a bassa entalpia (profondità generalmente comprese tra i 30 e i 150 m dal piano campagna), è ancora limitata da molteplici fattori. In questo ambito, gli amministratori del territorio esercitano un ruolo chiave in quanto, attraverso la predisposizione di strumenti di vario tipo (informativi, normativi e tecnici), essi possono imprimere un impulso importante allo sviluppo dei sistemi geotermici di bassa profondità, ampliando così il ventaglio di tecnologie attualmente disponibili per lo sfruttamento delle fonti energetiche rinnovabili [...]
Genome-wide quantification of the effects of DNA methylation on human gene regulation
Authors: Lea Amanda J , Vockley Christopher M , Johnston Rachel A , Del Carpio Christina A , Barreiro Luis B , Reddy Timothy E , Tung Jenny
Published: December 2018

Changes in DNA methylation are involved in development, disease, and the response to environmental conditions. However, not all regulatory elements are functionally methylation-dependent (MD). Here, we report a method, mSTARR-seq, that assesses the causal effects of DNA methylation on regulatory activity at hundreds of thousands of fragments (millions of CpG sites) simultaneously. Using mSTARR-seq, we identify thousands of MD regulatory elements in the human genome. MD activity is partially predictable using sequence and chromatin state information, and distinct transcription factors are associated with higher activity in unmethylated versus methylated DNA. Further, pioneer TFs linked to higher activity in the methylated state appear to drive demethylation of experimentally methylated sites. MD regulatory elements also predict methylation-gene expression relationships across individuals, where they are 1.6x enriched among sites with strong negative correlations. mSTARR-seq thus provides a map of MD regulatory activity in the human genome and facilitates interpretation of differential methylation studies.
Radiografers oppfatninger av suboptimale henvisninger innen konvensjonell røntgen - en kvalitativ studie
Authors: Abohaikel Alaa Sadiq , Musa Huda Hussein , Lysdahl Kristin Bakke
Published: December 2018

Abstract:

Title: Radiographers’ perception of suboptimal referrals for plain radiography – a qualitative study.Introduction: Adequately filled in radiology requests forms are crucial for the quality of conducting and reporting examinations. Still suboptimal referrals occur. The knowledge of how the referrals are assessed handled in the radiological department is limited, in particular the role of the radiographers. The purpose of this study was to investigate how radiographers understand, experience and act upon suboptimal referrals and how this influence their work.Methods and Materials: A semi-structured interview guide was developed and applied in individual interviews with five radiographers in south-east Norway. The radiographers had different length of employment and experience in performing plain radiographs. The interviews were transcribed and analyzed using a thematic analysis method.Results: Five main categories were identified from the interviews. 1) Scope and type of referral quality problems, where the problem is recognised, mainly due to missing clinical information, which is reported to occur frequently, particularly in referrals for control examinations. 2) Communication experiences and approaches towards patients, experienced colleges or radiologists, when seeking to substitute missing/wrong referral information. 3) Consequences of inappropriate referrals, in shape of unwarranted examinations, waste of time, and reduced job satisfaction. 4) Perceived responsibility for optimisation and justification of examinations. 5) Strategies to overcome the problem, through leadership and co-operation between radiographers, radiologists and referring physicians.Conclusion: Suboptimal referral quality influence the radiographers work. They recognize it as a commonplace problem with implication for quality patient care, own work-situation and -satisfaction and economically for health society. Increased interdisciplinary co-operation may improve the quality of the referrals.
Biochemical and growth responses of silver maple (Acer saccharinumL.) to sodium chloride and calcium chloride
Authors: Patykowski Jacek , Kołodziejek Jeremi , Wala Mateusz
Published: December 2018

The present research investigated the response of silver maple (Acer saccharinumL.) to salt treatment. The short- and long-term effects of NaCl and CaCl2treatments on plant fitness characteristics (growth parameters, leaf chlorophyll content) and biochemical stress-coping mechanisms (proline accumulation as well as enzymatic activities) were examined. We found that the silver maple response to salt stress strictly depended on salt type and dose—calcium chloride was less toxic than sodium chloride, but high concentrations of both salts negatively influenced plant growth. The accumulation of proline, slight changes in the activity of superoxide dismutase and marked changes in catalase and peroxidase activities in the roots and leaves indicated complexity of the plant response. It was also shown that after one year, enzymatic parameters were restabilized, which indicates plant recovery, but the reduced mass of seedlings suggests that one year is not enough to cope with the prolonged cyclic salt stress, both resulting from NaCl and CaCl2application. Therefore, seedlings of silver maple should be considered as moderately susceptible to salinity. Hence, it is recommended to use silver maple on non-de-iced urban areas, while planting on often de-iced roads should be avoided.
Non-invasive monitoring of glucocorticoid metabolite concentrations in urine and faeces of the Sungazer (Smaug giganteus)
Authors: Scheun Juan , Greeff Dominique , Ganswindt Andre
Published: December 2018

Developing non-invasive techniques for monitoring physiological stress responses has been conducted in a number of mammal and bird species, revolutionizing field-based endocrinology and conservation practices. However, studies validating and monitoring glucocorticoid concentrations in reptiles are still limited. The aim of the study was to validate a method for monitoring glucocorticoid metabolite concentrations in urine (uGCM) and faeces (fGCM) of the cordylid lizard, the Sungazer (Smaug giganteus). An adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) challenge was conducted on one male and two females with both urine and faecal material being collected during baseline and post-injection periods. Steroid extracts were analysed with four enzyme immunoassays (EIAs)namely: 11-oxoaetiocholanolone, 5α-pregnane-3β-11β-21-triol-20-one, tetrahydrocorticosterone, and corticosterone. A considerable response in fGCM and uGCM concentrations following ACTH administration was observed in all subjects, with the 5α-pregnane-3β-11β-21-triol-20-one and tetrahydrocorticosterone EIAs appearing to be the most suited for monitoring alterations in glucocorticoid metabolite concentrations in S. giganteus using faeces or urine as hormone matrix. Both EIAs showed a significantly higher concentration of glucocorticoid metabolites in faeces compared to urine for both sexes. Collectively, the findings of this study confirmed that both urine and faeces can be used to non-invasively assess adrenocortical function in S. giganteus.
Identification and characterization of miRNA169 family members in banana (Musa acuminata L.) that respond to fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense infection in banana cultivars
Authors: Song Shun , Xu Yi , Huang Dongmei , Ashraf Muhammad Aleem , Li Jingyang , Hu Wei , Jin Zhiqiang , Zeng Changying , Tang Fenling , Xu Biyu , Zeng Huicai , Li Yujia , Xie Jianghui
Published: December 2018

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play an important role in plant resistance to pathogen infections. However, little is known about the role of miRNAs in banana Fusarium wilt, which is the most economically devastating disease in banana production. In the present study, we identified and characterized a total of 18 miR169 family members in banana (Musa acuminata L.) based on small RNA sequencing. The banana miR169 family clustered into two groups based on miRNA evolutionary analysis. Multiple sequence alignment indicated a high degree of sequence conservation in miRNA169 family members across 28 plant species. Computational target prediction algorithms were used to identify 25 targets of miR169 family members in banana. These targets were enriched in various metabolic pathways that include the following molecules: glycine, serine, threonine, pentose, glycerolipids, nucleotide sugars, starch, and sucrose. Through miRNA transcriptomic analysis, we found that ma-miR169a and ma-miR169b displayed high expression levels, whereas the other 16 ma-miR169 members exhibited low expression in the HG and Baxi banana cultivars. Further experiments indicate that there were negative relationships between ma-miR169a, ma-miR169b and their targets basing on their expression levels to Foc4 (Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense tropical race 4) infection in resistant cultivars. But they were low expressed in susceptive cultivars. These results suggested that the expression levels of ma-miR169a and ma-miR169b were consistent with the resistance degree of the banana cultivars to Foc4. The analysis presented here constitutes a starting point to understand ma-miR169-mediated Fusarium wilt resistance at the transcriptional level in banana and predicts possible candidate targets for the genetic improvement of banana resistance to Foc4.
Large eddy simulation of microbubble dispersion and flow field modulation in vertical channel flows
Authors: Asiagbe Kenneth S. , Fairweather Michael , Njobuenwu Derrick O. , Colombo Marco
Published: December 2018

Turbulent liquid–gas vertical channel flows laden with microbubbles are investigated using large eddy simulation (LES) two‐way coupled to a Lagrangian bubble tracking technique. Upward and downward flows at shear Reynolds numbers of Re
τ = 150 and 590 are analyzed for three different microbubble diameters of 110, 220, and 330 μm. Predicted results are compared with published direct numerical simulation results although, with respect to comparable studies available in the literature, the range of bubble diameters and shear Reynolds numbers considered herein is extended to larger values. Microbubble concentration profiles are analyzed, with the microbubbles segregating at the wall in upflow conditions and moving toward the channel centre in downflow. The various forces acting on the bubbles, and the effect of the flow turbulence on the bubble concentration, are considered and quantified. Overall, the results suggest that the level of detail achievable with LES is sufficient to predict the fluid structures impacting bubble behavior. Therefore, LES coupled with Lagrangian bubble tracking shows promise for enabling the reliable prediction of bubble‐laden flows that are of industrial relevance. © 2018 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 65: 1325–1339, 2019
Screw‐generated forces in granular media: Experimental, computational, and analytical comparison
Authors: Thoesen Andrew , Ramirez Sierra , Marvi Hamid
Published: December 2018

This study presents an experimental, computational, and analytical comparison of a submerged, double‐helix Archimedes screw generating propulsive force against a bed of glass beads. Three screws of different pitch lengths were studied. Each screw was tested at six speeds in approximately 10 trials for a total of 180 experimental trials. These experiments were then replicated in EDEM, a discrete element method (DEM) software program. DEM simulation results for thrust forces in the 30–120 rpm regime had a 5%–20% inflation of forces compared to experimental results. These simulations were then compared with resistive force theory (RFT) plate approximation of the screw geometries. We analyze a superposition‐based partition approach to the full‐length screws as well as force generation in shortened, one‐ and two‐blade screws. We find that the force generation is dependent on the flow patterns and cannot be reduced to partitioned approximations as with simple intruders. © 2018 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 65: 894–903, 2019
IGH translocations in chronic lymphocytic leukemia: Clinicopathologic features and clinical outcomes
Authors: Fang Hong , Reichard Kaaren K. , Rabe Kari G. , Hanson Curtis A. , Call Timothy G. , Ding Wei , Kenderian Saad S. , Muchtar Eli , Schwager Susan M. , Leis Jose F. , Chanan‐Khan Asher A. , Slager Susan L. , Braggio Esteban , Smoley Stephanie A. , Kay Neil E. , Shanafelt Tait D. , Van Dyke Daniel L. , Parikh Sameer A.
Published: December 2018

The prevalence, clinicopathologic correlates, and outcomes of previously untreated chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) patients with IGH‐BCL2 and IGH‐BCL3 translocations are not well known. Using the Mayo Clinic CLL database, we identified patients seen between March 1, 2002 and September 30, 2016 who had FISH testing performed within 3 years of CLL diagnosis. The prognostic profile, time to first therapy (TTT), and overall survival (OS) of patients with IGH‐BCL2 and IGH‐BCL3 translocation were compared to patients without these abnormalities (non‐IGH group). Of 1684 patients who met the inclusion criteria, 38 (2.2%) had IGH‐BCL2, and 16 (0.9%) had IGH‐BCL3 translocation at diagnosis. Patients with IGH‐BCL3 translocation were more likely to have high and very‐high CLL‐International Prognostic Index, compared to patients with IGH‐BCL2 translocation and the non‐IGH group. The 5‐year probability of requiring therapy was significantly higher for IGH‐BCL3 compared to IGH‐BCL2 and non‐IGH groups (84% vs 33% vs 29%, respectively, P < 0.0001). The 5‐year OS was significantly shorter for IGH‐BCL3 compared to IGH‐BCL2 and non‐IGH groups (45% vs 89% vs 86%, respectively, P < 0.0001). On multivariable analyses, IGH‐BCL3 translocation was associated with a shorter TTT (hazard ratio [HR] = 2.7; P = 0.005) and shorter OS (HR = 5.5; P < 0.0001); IGH‐BCL2 translocation did not impact TTT and OS. In conclusion, approximately 3% of all newly diagnosed CLL patients have either an IGH‐BCL2 or IGH‐BCL3 translocation. Patients with IGH‐BCL3 translocations have a distinct prognostic profile and outcome. These results support the inclusion of an IGH probe during the routine evaluation of FISH abnormalities in newly diagnosed CLL.
Comparison of Aberrant Behavior Checklist profiles across Prader–Willi syndrome, Down syndrome, and autism spectrum disorder
Authors: Salehi Parisa , Herzig Lisa , Capone George , Lu Amanda , Oron Assaf P. , Kim Soo‐Jeong
Published: December 2018

Prader–Willi syndrome (PWS, OMIM # 176270) and Down syndrome (DS, OMIM #190685) are neurodevelopmental genetic disorders with higher rates of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). The Aberrant Behavior Checklist (ABC) is a caregiver rating scale that assesses maladaptive behaviors. Overlapping symptoms exist between PWS, DS, and ASD, including maladaptive behaviors. We aimed to evaluate ABC profiles between PWS, DS, and ASD alone (without known genetic syndrome). In addition, we hypothesized PWS and DS with a comorbid ASD positive screen or diagnosis would have similar ABC profiles to ASD alone. ABC data from the following cohorts were analyzed: PWS (Seattle Children's Hospital, n = 28, mean age = 12.8 ± 4.9 years; University of Florida, n = 35, mean age = 9.3 ± 7.1 years), DS (Johns Hopkins, n = 406, mean age = 8.1 ± 2.4 years), and ASD (University of Florida, n = 102, mean age = 10.8 ± 3.5 years). ASD alone had significantly higher ABC scores. Subgroups of PWS and DS with a comorbid ASD positive screen or diagnosis had similarities in scores with the ASD only group, with subscale patterns unique to each syndrome. The ABC indicated worse maladaptive behaviors in children with ASD, including those with genetic syndromes. Although more studies are needed to evaluate the utility and the accuracy of the ABC as a tool to screen for ASD in special populations, it may be a useful adjunct in screening those children with PWS or DS who need more in depth ASD evaluation.
Scandium(III)‐Catalysed Decarboxylative Addition of β‐Ketoacids to para‐Quinone Methides: Evidence for 1,6‐Addition and Base‐Assisted Decarboxylation Tandem Process
Authors: Jiang Chunhui , Chen Yayun , Huang Gaokui , Ni Cheng , Liu Xiaoqian , Lu Hongfei
Published: December 2018

A catalytic tandem 1,6‐addition/decarboxylation process of β‐ketoacids and para‐quinone methides under scandium triflate catalysis and subsequent triethylamine treatment has been developed. The 1H NMR and ESI‐HRMS experiments displayed direct evidences for the reaction pathway.
Molecular evolution of the semenogelin 1 and 2 and mating system in gibbons
Authors: Isshiki Mariko , Ishida Takafumi
Published: December 2018

Objectives

Semenogelin 1 and 2 (SEMG1 and SEMG2) are known as semen coagulating proteins in primates with a repetitive structure of 60‐amino acids. The number of repeats varies among species and is hypothesized to be related to the level of primate sperm competition. Gibbons until recently were thought to be monogamous primates, but it is now known that gibbon social structure is flexible. Thus, hypotheses of the relationship between the SEMGs evolution and mating systems were tested.

Materials and methods

The sequences of the exon 2 of the SEMG1 and SEMG2 were obtained from 50 captive gibbons comprising six species belonging to three genera (Hylobates, Symphalangus, and Nomascus). Then we quantified the levels of polymorphism and estimated rates of protein evolution by calculating d
N/d
S ratio.

Results

Several mutations that create a premature stop codon in the SEMG1 and a reduction in the repeats of the SEMG2 in the genus Hylobates were observed and may alter the coding properties for these proteins. We also found different level of nucleotide diversity in each gene and between genera. Strikingly, in Nomascus leucogenys we discovered a high d
N/d
S ratio in the SEMG1 and SEMG2. The Nomascus SEMG2 also showed significantly lower nucleotide diversity than the other two genera.

Discussion

These results are consistent with the presence of a strong positive selection in the Nomascus lineage even if the exact selective forces acting on these genes are not yet conclusively known. We were not able to demonstrate, among gibbons, unambiguous relationships between the SEMGs evolution and mating systems.
The social and economic impacts of drought
Authors: Edwards Ben , Gray Matthew , Hunter Boyd
Published: December 2018

Although the environmental and economic impacts of drought have been widely studied, few large‐scale studies have examined the broader social impacts of drought. To fill this knowledge gap, the Australian Institute of Family Studies undertook the Regional and Rural Families Survey in 2007, when a significant part of Australia was experiencing a severe drought. This paper analyses that survey to measure the extent to which drought affects a range of economic, health and social outcomes. Drought is found to have a substantial negative economic and health impact on farmers and others employed in the agricultural sector. There is some evidence that groups that are not employed in agriculture are adversely affected, with a widespread loss of services in drought‐affected areas and some marginal labour market groups (e.g. carers) experiencing poor employment outcomes in a drought‐affected local economy. Policymakers need to take these impacts into account in designing effective responses to future droughts.
Double stereoselective coordination of chiral N,S ligands: Synthesis, coordination chemistry and utilization in Pd‐catalyzed allylic alkylation
Authors: Major Máté Miklós , Rövid Gergő , Balogh Szabolcs , Bényei Attila , Lendvay György , Frigyes Dávid , Bakos József , Farkas Gergely
Published: December 2018

A series of chiral pentane‐2,4‐diyl‐based thioether‐amine ligands [4 and 5; (R,S)‐ and (S,S)‐R1SCH(CH3)CH2CH(CH3)NHR2, respectively, where 4a R1 = iPr, R2 = Ph; 4b R1 = tBu, R2 = Ph; 4c R1 = 1‐Ad, R2 = Ph; 5a R1 = iPr, R2 = Ph; 5b R1 = tBu, R2 = Ph; 5c R1 = 1‐Ad, R2 = Ph; 5d R1 = iPr, R2 = 4‐MeOC6H4; 5e R1 = iPr, R2 = 4‐MeC6H4; 5f R1 = iPr, R2 = 3,5‐Me2C6H3] with stereogenic S‐ and N‐donor atoms has been prepared starting from cyclic sulfates via optically pure γ‐aminoalcohol or 2,4‐dimethylazetidine intermediates. The synthesis of the novel diastereomerically related ligand sets 4 and 5 was accomplished starting from the same source of chirality. The modular ligand structure and the novel synthetic strategies developed for their synthesis allowed the easy modification of the ligands’ (i) S‐ and (ii) N‐substituents, as well as (iii) the relative stereochemistry within the ligand backbone. Six‐membered [Pd(N,S)Cl2]‐type chelate complexes of the diastereomerically related ligands 4a and 5a were synthesized and characterized by X‐ray crystallography in the solid phase, by density functional theory calculations and in solution by NMR spectroscopy. The coordination of 5a resulted in the formation of a single chair conformation by the stereospecific locking of both stereolabile (N and S) donor atoms. In contrast, compound 4a forms rapidly equilibrating palladium species due to the fast inversion of the sulfur donor. Ligands with stereochemically fixed donor atoms provided robust and efficient catalytic systems that can be effectively applied in alkylene carbonates as green reaction media. Remarkably, the phosphine‐free catalysts are air‐stable, and at room temperature in the presence of moisture gave excellent ee’s (up to 93%) in asymmetric allylation processes thanks to the double stereoselective coordination.
Cu (II)‐β‐cyclodextrin complex stabilized on magnetic nanoparticles: A retrievable hybrid promoter for green synthesis of spiropyrans
Authors: Ahadi Najmieh , Bodaghifard Mohammad Ali , Mobinikhaledi Akbar
Published: December 2018

The magnetic core of manganese ferrite (MnFe2O4) nanoparticles has a significant stability in comparison with ferrite (Fe3O4) nanoparticles. The unique supramolecular properties of β‐cyclodextrin (β‐CD), such as hydrophobic cavity, hydrophilic exterior and ‐OH functional groups, make it a good candidate for functionalization and catalytic application. So, a surface‐modified magnetic solid support with the Cu (II)‐β‐CD complex was prepared. The structure of nanoparticles was characterized by Fourier transform‐infrared spectroscopy, X‐ray powder diffraction, thermogravimetric analysis, vibrating‐sample magnetometry, inductively coupled plasma‐optical emission spectrometry and scanning electron microscope analyses. The catalytic activity of these nanoparticles was investigated in the synthesis of spiropyrans and high yields of desired products obtained under green media. Some advantages of this novel catalyst for this reaction are high yields, short reaction times, green solvent and conditions, easy workup procedure, negligible copper leaching, reusability without a significant diminish in catalytic efficiency, and simple separation of nanocatalyst by using an external magnet alongside the environmental compatibility and sustainability.
Effect of fire retardants on mechanical properties of a green bio‐epoxy composite
Authors: Budd Ryan , Cree Duncan
Published: December 2018

To improve fire retardant behavior of bio‐epoxy resin, composites were prepared with three fire retardants (FRs); ammonium polyphosphate, aluminum trihydrate, and magnesium hydroxide. Fractured surfaces of prepared composites were observed with the scanning electron microscope (SEM). Tensile strength and Charpy toughness were evaluated and analyzed statistically using analysis of variance (ANOVA). Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) were used to determine the thermal stability. SEM analysis results revealed fractured surfaces were altered with addition of FRs. Adding FRs can be regarded as a decrease in tensile strength and toughness complemented by improved stiffness. ANOVA analysis showed FR/bio‐resin composites have a statistically significant loss in tensile strength, stiffness, elongation, and Charpy toughness. The DSC results showed the glass transition temperature was not affected significantly by adding FRs and ranged from 66 to 69 °C. TGA showed the initial, midway, and maximum decomposition temperatures for composites and their ability to form improved ash yields compared to pure resin. Aluminum trihydrate and Mg(OH)2 had higher T50 suggesting an increase in thermal stability compared to pure bio‐epoxy. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019, 136, 47398.
Wear, thermal, and physical properties of fluorine‐containing polyimide/silica hybrid nanocomposite coatings
Authors: Çakir Mustafa , Akin Emre
Published: December 2018

This study prepared fluorine and SiO2 particles containing organic–inorganic hybrid polyimide nanocomposite coatings (PISFs) with inorganic content in the range of 5–20% in pure polyimide solutions via the sol–gel process. Polyimide hybrid structures containing fluorine and SiO2 particles were synthesized by using perfluorooctyltriethoxysilane and tetraethyl orthosilicate. These formulations were applied on aluminum sheets by using a 75 μm wire wound applicator, and the coatings were cured for 8 h at room temperature and then 24 h at 100 °C. Increased inorganic contents caused slight decreases in the initial decomposition temperatures, but the char yield values increased for PISF15 and PISF20. All samples exhibited hydrophobic properties. When all samples were compared, PISF5 and PISF10 exhibited hydrophobicity, high wear resistance and thermal properties. Additionally, PISF5 and PISF10 showed high adhesion, hardness, and methyl ethyl ketone solvent resistance. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019, 136, 47399.