bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Coupled Harmonic Resonators
Authors: Eichler Alexander , Zilberberg Oded
Published: December 2023

In this chapter, we proceed from a single resonator to systems of linearly coupled harmonic resonators. The coupling induces beating and nondegenerate normal modes. Parametric (time-dependent) coupling between nondegenerate modes is discussed for the two important cases of driving at the frequency difference and the frequency sum. To conclude the chapter, we briefly discuss dissipative coupling and nonlinear coupling.
Introduction
Authors: Murphet Julian
Published: December 2023

This introductory chapter tackles a problem in contemporary critical discourse about literary character. The return of a reader-friendly, moral, identificatory model of character in theory today overlooks both the poststructuralist account of character as fractured, artificial, inconstant, and makeshift, and the period of European literary history (1888–1905) from which these ideas originally derived. Joining a line of sophisticated historical accounts of literary personhood from Chaucer through to the present day, this chapter outlines how the book ahead approaches modern character as an aesthetic argument with the ‘ideology of the subject’. Freed from plots, demoted from the role of protagonist, internally fragmented and often arranged into group patterns, and played over by dissociated affects, modern characters broke from prevailing models to usher in entirely new aesthetic possibilities than those grounded in moral and sentimental reason.
Maeterlinck
Authors: Murphet Julian
Published: December 2023

Maurice Maeterlinck, one of the great forgotten artists of this moment, took the decay of dramatic action in late Ibsen to extreme lengths. His theatre of stasis and androids, of non-events and curious abstractions, made ‘character’ a virtual impossibility and was launched explicitly as a campaign against ‘character studies’ and excessive ‘characterization’. In place of these conventional distractions were now posed the vague outlines and gestures of an exhausted stage tradition, rendered uncanny by the strong division of his stage into areas populated by weird groups of quasi-persons and residual romance types degraded into mere wisps. Between these witless personae depersonalized moods are transferred with difficulty, around the awful shape of some terrible Unknown trembling into theatrical presence. With character, action, and psychology banished from his stage, Maeterlinck proposed a post-characterological drama of anxious stultification.
Strindberg
Authors: Murphet Julian
Published: December 2023

Chapter 3 finds August Strindberg in his post-Inferno period, pushing his earlier Naturalism in directions that would take it outside verisimilitude altogether. For Strindberg, a new kind of fatalism determined by genes, ideologemes, fixations, appetites, and a radical dividuality incapable of resolution, had already forced the abandonment of inherited ways of representing the human being by 1890. But after 1894, things took an even more radical turn inward. Dissolving the objective world of his stage into the hallucinated self-representation of a single morbid mind, Strindberg discovered an entirely new theatrical language for the deposition of the modern individual. His later plays are populated by dramatis personae composed of fractured manifestations and atavistic avatars of the Ego that is not One.
D’Annunzio
Authors: Murphet Julian
Published: December 2023

In Chapter 6, we scrutinize the sadly neglected novelistic corpus of Gabriele D’Annunzio, for evidence of what the leading Nietzschean artist of his time was doing to the literary category of character: namely, allowing it to decompose into its radiant subsidiary elements, as a ferocious and flailing subjective will comes to terms with the unhealthy fact that it is unequal to the henceforth impossible project of unification. Here, the disconnection between the will and the self is so extreme that the will effectively pulverizes and stultifies the ‘self’ into a molecular cascade of affective intensities. Allegorically weaving together social and psychological dynamics, D’Annunzio charts a feverish domain of multiplicity yearning for the lash of the One.
Deathbed Foolery
Authors: van Pelt Nadia T.
Published: December 2023

When Katherine of Aragon was dying, the Imperial Ambassador, Eustace Chapuys, visited her, bringing with him a professional fool. This may seem odd, but the presence of a fool at Katherine’s deathbed was not unusual. Fools and jesters were a regular sight at the Tudor court, and beyond that, used to bring cheer and solace to the royal and noble sick across Europe. It is within the context of this widely spread custom that the legend arose of King Martin of Aragon laughing himself to death when his jester made rather too successful a joke at his sickbed. In this chapter, the presence of Chapuys’ fool is used to address wider questions regarding court foolery: the expectations people had of fools; what fools were assumed to be capable of; the kind of forms of entertainment they were expected to bring; the social or political licence that fools enjoyed to express themselves; but also how they were perceived to be related to their patrons, as demonstrated by the fools’ reception in their patrons’ absence. Could a fool ‘stand in’ for a patron or use their comic licence to make political or otherwise perilous statements on their patron’s behalf? And could they be employed for diplomatic purposes or, as was suspected of Chapuys’ Spanish fool, for espionage? Chapuys himself used the presence of the fool as a diplomatic tool, through which he was able to assert himself as the representative of Charles V, enabling him to voice objection against Henry VIII’s divorce from Katherine.
Justice and Remedies for Victims of Corruption
Authors: Olaniyan Kolawole
Published: December 2023

Chapter 7 discusses emerging directions and approaches for ownership of wealth and natural resources through legal instruments and jurisprudence. It explores and sketches the scope and content of the right to wealth and natural resources and the obligations that it imposes upon states, and then considers the application of these to UNCAC. It also examines the responsibilities of banks and financial institutions and the question of whether they can be directly held to account for their complicity in keeping proceeds of corruption, and whether haven-states have any legal obligations to hold such banks and financial institutions to account when they are complicit in the laundering of proceeds of corruption from victim-states. The chapter considers the potential of the ‘forgotten right’ right to wealth and natural resources for asserting accountability of states, and promoting access to justice and effective remedies for victims of human rights violations caused by corruption.
Algorithmic Institutionalism
Authors: Mendonca Ricardo Fabrino , Almeida Virgilio , Filgueiras Fernando
Published: December 2023

Algorithmic Institutionalism uniquely conceives of algorithms as institutions in contemporary societies, focusing on different dimensions of how algorithms structure decision-making and enact power relations. This work addresses the need for new analytical lenses to make sense of algorithms’ rising ubiquity in decision-making and to foster democratically infused interactions between humans and algorithms. The book contains three sections. The first section (Chapters 1 and 2) explains the underlying concepts of algorithms as institutions. It uses the analytical lens of institutional theories as a framework for studying algorithms to comprehend their social implications properly. The second section (Chapters 3 to 5) applies the framework of Algorithmic Institutionalism to make sense of algorithms’ deployment in security, governments’ platformization, and recommendation systems. The third section (Chapter 6) addresses the challenge of developing approaches to democratize the new political order, even as that order experiences the churn of influence from algorithmic decision-making’s global expansion. This section points to key democratic values that are relevant for contemporary societies constructing legitimate decisions.
Reading Contemporary Issues via the Lens of Algorithmic Institutionalism
Authors: Mendonça Ricardo F. , Filgueiras Fernando , Almeida Virgílio
Published: December 2023

Chapter 2 elaborates on the idea of Algorithmic Institutionalism. It advances the understanding of algorithms as institutions, reconstructing the foundations of institutional theories in four different approaches: sociological institutionalism, rational-choice institutionalism, historical institutionalism, and discursive institutionalism. It argues that each of these trends of New Institutionalism offers relevant contributions for comprehending how algorithmic systems sociopolitically impact on contemporary societies. Drawing from these four approaches, we then present an analytical framework for operationalizing institutional theories to make sense of algorithmic systems. Our framework focuses on six dimensions: institution building and design; historical processes; rules and norms; power relations; gaming; and discursive dimensions. Each of these dimensions is explained, and a set of questions is derived from each one. These questions frame the operationalization of the framework of Algorithmic Institutionalism for subsequent chapters.
Against a Treaty for Climate Refugees
Authors: Draper Jamie
Published: December 2023

This chapter sets out and critiques the main competitor to my own account of justice in climate displacement: the idea of a treaty for ‘climate refugees’. The first section of the chapter draws together a number of proposals for a climate refugee treaty that have been set out in the literature. The second section of the chapter explores the concept of the ‘climate refugee’ and argues that it obscures the heterogeneity and complexity of climate displacement. This means that a climate refugee treaty would exhibit two morally troubling forms of arbitrariness: it would fail to treat like cases alike and fail to treat relevantly different cases differently. The third section of the chapter introduces my alternative: the pluralist approach. I argue that the pluralist approach escapes the problems of the climate refugee treaty by disaggregating climate displacement and integrating it with non-climatic displacement.
Climate Change and Territorial Sovereignty
Authors: Draper Jamie
Published: December 2023

This chapter examines the threats to territorial sovereignty created by sea-level rise in small-island states such as Kiribati, Tuvalu, the Maldives, and Vanuatu. In the first section of the chapter, I set out an interpretation of the value of self-determination which stresses both independence from arbitrary interference and a positive capacity to exercise collective control. I then leverage this conception of self-determination to critically assess three proposals for small-island states: territorial redistribution, de-territorialized statehood, and intra-state territorial autonomy. I give a cautious defence of intra-state territorial autonomy, arguing that a weak version of de-territorialized statehood cannot secure self-determination in any meaningful sense, and that both territorial redistribution and a strong version of de-territorialized statehood can do so only by creating morally unacceptable costs. Intrastate territorial autonomy, if implemented in ways that reflect the values of small-island peoples, can secure self-determination and at the same time minimize these costs.
Climate Change and Internal Displacement
Authors: Draper Jamie
Published: December 2023

This chapter examines the place of the internal displacement governance regime in addressing climate displacement. Internal displacement has not been adequately theorized by political philosophers, and I develop an interpretation of it which distinguishes internally displaced persons from ‘internal refugees’, clarifies the rights of the internally displaced, and shows why internal displacement is a matter of international concern. Next, I examine the interaction of climate change and internal displacement, drawing on the examples of Typhoon Haiyan in the Philippines and Hurricane Katrina in New Orleans. Then, I examine two problems in the internal displacement governance regime which are exacerbated in the context of climate change—the humanitarian character of internal displacement assistance, and the lack of international cooperation in the protection of internally displaced persons—and propose some reforms which seek to address these problems.
Sharing the Costs of Climate Displacement
Authors: Draper Jamie
Published: December 2023

This chapter examines how the costs of tackling climate displacement should be shared between states. I argue that the costs should be shared according to a principle of responsibility, which says that states are liable to bear the costs of climate displacement associated with their failure to discharge their antecedent climate duties. I then refine this principle in light of two problems. The first problem is that the complexity of climate displacement means that it is often difficult to identify particular individuals whose displacement can be attributed to climate change. The second problem is that disagreement about states’ climate duties means that the extent of their responsibility is unclear. I argue that neither problem undermines the principle of responsibility, but they do affect how it should be interpreted in practice.
Rhythm Studies
Authors: Marcus Laura
Published: December 2023

This chapter begins and ends with waves and the new ‘rhythmical subject’ that is at the centre of this study. For Herbert Spencer in the nineteenth century the wave is a cosmic principle and fundamental to physical life. For Marie Stopes in the twentieth century the periodicity of menstruation and of sexual life itself, the rhythms of desire—charted through a vocabulary of curves, crests, and hollows—are the quintessential experiences of the rhythmic subject. Alice Meynell’s ‘The Rhythm of Life’ speaks of this subject through the rhythmic pangs of labour. The chapter traces a genealogy from Spencer through the figures of the psychological laboratory in Germany and America—Wilhelm Wundt, Edward Meumann, William James, Gertrude Stein, and Thaddeus Bolton—to Grant Allen and Havelock Ellis, and through literary figures from Poe to Harriet Monroe and Pound.
Love (In the Shade)
Authors: Stark Robert
Published: December 2023

Chapter 2 explores Dowson’s first encounter with Adelaide Foltinowicz, and considers how this relationship, too, came to manifest itself in his writing: initially, she was simply a specimen ‘child’, whose naïve sociability chastened his cynicism, but Dowson came rapidly to entertain the complementary notions that he might eventually marry her, and that he might hitch his literary star to her young person. This prospect first dawned on Dowson in Brittany, giving rise to ‘Ploumariel’, the liminal zone of his heart’s desire. His resulting conception of ‘Amor Umbratilis’ signals the intention of writing sacerdotal, ‘aesthetic’ poetry; but it also obliges him to discard his prior writings as being ‘unmeet’ for his adolescent muse. Dowson’s fictional studies place great emphasis upon the marriage of convenience—notably, to his own literary prospects—which he expects will result from these relations, however this may be a ‘masquerade’ necessitated by Foltinowicz young age.
Betwixt the Bounds of Life and Death
Authors: Stark Robert
Published: December 2023

Chapter 7 traces the advance of Dowson’s tuberculosis, from his first ‘nasty jar on account of [his] lung’ in 1893 to his medically enforced ‘exile’ in Paris and Pont-Aven in 1895. The early realization that he would probably die young necessarily contributed to the disorder of his life after 1896, but its impact is best appreciated in his writing from this time, where death becomes an explicit and persistent preoccupation. Recognizing his own mortality caused Dowson to withdraw from the society of friends who had hitherto sustained him, and to re-evaluate his attachment to Foltinowicz. While this period was darkened by penury, illness, and severe depression, it also witnessed the publication of his epoch-making first book of poems, and the subsequent reinvention of his lyrical style, influenced by the painters of the Pont Aven School and the avant-garde company he was now keeping as a regular contributor to The Savoy.
(Re)Making of Courts and Judicial Governance, 1988–2021
Authors: Hendley Kathryn , Solomon Peter H.
Published: December 2023

Chapter 2 analyses the development of courts, judges, and judicial reform in late Soviet and post-Soviet Russia—from the democratizing tendencies of the Gorbachev and Yeltsin eras through the Putin years, which added counter-reforms consistent with growing authoritarianism. The reform process concentrated on two large foci—judicial governance (including methods of selecting, promoting, and disciplining judges) and the courts themselves (including number and types, jurisdiction, procedural norms, staffing, administration, and technology). Within judicial governance the emphasis in the 1990s was on enhancing the independence and power of judges, but from the start of Putin’s leadership, this shifted to first their accountability (often at the expense of independence) and eventually their control. Within the courts, there was a constant concern with ways of coping with increased caseload (through creation of new courts and simplification of procedures, for trials and appeals alike) and with improving efficiency (through adding new staff and computerization). The chapter concludes with the Constitutional Reforms of 2020 and the courts.
Unusual agreement targets in Ripano
Authors: Paciaroni Tania
Published: December 2023

The Italo-Romance variety of Ripano, spoken in the southern Marche region of Italy, exhibits a wide range of unusual agreement targets, including interrogative words, conjunctions, and even nouns. Yet despite agreement morphology being attested on items belonging to nearly every part of speech in Ripano, there is no class (other than verbs) where agreement is found on all lexical items. The typologically rare phenomenon of agreement between arguments is attested in the speech of some individuals, but the acceptability of such structures is subject to intra-speaker variation, being more widespread in older speakers and speakers of rural varieties. In this comprehensive overview, the controllers, targets, domains, features, and values involved in the extensive agreement system of Ripano are examined, drawing on qualitative and quantitative analyses of data collected during interviews with ten native speakers of urban and rural Ripano.
Conclusions
Authors: Carrillo Raquel Rojo
Published: December 2023

THE HISPANIC RITE stands out from the non-Roman Western medieval liturgies for its long history of observance and for having the largest corpus of extant manuscripts. Despite its importance, it has not received the scholarly attention that it deserves. One of the main reasons for this lacuna is that the vast plainchant repertoire of this rite was recorded using a notational system that lacks clear specification of pitch and thus eludes most musicologists (let alone modern historians and liturgists). We have seen in this book that the lack of precisely prescribed pitch, rather than impeding the advancement of studies on plainchant, can trigger the exploration of many other variables which are often neglected but which need to be studied to further our knowledge in this field. These variables include not only musical aspects other than pitch-specification (such as the grammar that underpins chant melodies, melodic repetitions, and musical pacing of the text), but also sets of textual and liturgical variables which, together with the music, form the essence of the entity known as plainchant.
The Digital as Digitality
Authors: Zayani Mohamed , Khalil Joe F.
Published: December 2023

When discussing the Middle East’s digital turn, it is essential to recognize inherent disjunctures between the predigital and the digital: between “old” media that clings to print publications, radio stations, and satellite television and “new” media that embraces and promotes the use of software, portals, social media, and streaming services. Yet all these media share overlapping dynamics, varying by specific sectors, demographics, and infrastructure. As the digital turn unfolds, the predigital and digital continue to overlap and blur rigid demarcations, often creating tensions stretching into everyday life. This chapter captures manifestations of these tensions within three categories: national and regional infrastructure, governance and investments, and publics and users.
Collectivity, Identity, and Multivocality
Authors: Zayani Mohamed , Khalil Joe F.
Published: December 2023

Mediated youth culture is constantly changing. With the digital turn, contemporary Arab youth cultures continue to coalesce locally and integrate globally. These youth cultures allow for the emergence of a digital self within predominantly collectivist societies. For youth, traditional and socially mediated networks are concurrently liberating and constraining. Young people often experience a tension between the desire to display their individuality and the expectation to heed social norms. From this milieu, forms of cohabitations between competing voices within society emerge. In the process, the sociocultural dynamics of the digital turn manifest themselves as complex, multilayered processes that shape subjectivities. Young people thus emerge as simultaneously independent individuals and dependent community members.
Afterword
Authors: Zayani Mohamed , Khalil Joe F.
Published: December 2023

The digital turn has been accompanied by persistent divides. A critical engagement of the digital outside the Global North requires more than just considering access. We must also account for the perpetuation of existing cultural, political, social, and economic inequalities and opportunities as consequences of historical legacies, demographic compositions, and structural predispositions. Capturing these logics requires a nuanced undertaking beyond West-centric treatments of the Global South, which either essentialize it or homogenize what are otherwise richly complex dynamics.
Unified Kichwa?
Authors: Limerick Nicholas
Published: December 2023

Which Kichwa forms are standardized, and how are they used, understood, and contested? Whereas recent research on language standardization prioritizes how people perceive and talk about standardized varieties, this chapter also focuses on grammatical forms to argue that “unifying” Kichwa has involved, paradoxically, translating much Spanish into Kichwa and foregrounding ways of speaking in select regions of Highland Ecuador. This finding supports how many speakers reject standardized linguistic registers by voicing concern that the varieties replace more common or varied ways of communicating. Though shared forms and meanings across Kichwa registers and between Unified Kichwa and Spanish are part of language standardization’s controversy, their overlap also holds potential for undoing the double binds of state-authorized speech in Kichwa and appealing to different Kichwa-speaking audiences. This chapter concludes by examining one bilingual education director’s speech on behalf of the school system in which her linguistic practices crossed different Kichwa registers.
Speaking for a State
Authors: Limerick Nicholas
Published: December 2023

Can Indigenous language use transform public speaking in state-sponsored events? This chapter examines how speakers use greetings to showcase Kichwa and Indigeneities for others. Even though Indigenous language greetings indicate a simplification of linguistic diversity, there is vast complexity to their use. Directors of the school system routinely use standardized Kichwa greetings during public speaking events, which brings Kichwa into state-sponsored communication and marks the Ecuadorian state as intercultural. Adding Kichwa use to conversational openings upholds the parameters of institutional talk by maintaining conventions of respect and politeness for those who do not understand. Yet, standardized greetings, instead of consisting of “traditional” speech styles, curtail Kichwa and make it analogous to Spanish as used in institutional settings. Such greeting has become emblematic of a state-sponsored register of Kichwa and is associated with the state-authorized citizens who use it, contributing to grievances with the school system, the movement for bilingual education, and its coordinators.
Modeling Intercultural Citizenship through Language Instruction
Authors: Limerick Nicholas
Published: December 2023

How does Kichwa language instruction in schools extend and contest national policies and politics? Teachers may strategically encourage the use of greetings alongside other signifiers, such as forms of dress and songs, to mark students as intercultural citizens and avoid the foremost markers of inequality, including nonstandardized ways of speaking Kichwa. While research tends to emphasize teachers’ use of standardized language as instructing the “correct” way to speak, this chapter shows how Unified Kichwa is part of a larger-scale political project that makes Kichwa visible and demonstrates difference for funding yet also encourages student communication that parallels that of standardized office Spanish, norms that are relatively understandable to mestizo listeners. The use of Unified Kichwa is different from how students’ parents and other family members speak the language, which achieves political gains while shifting what Kichwa looks and sounds like.
Shostakovich's Symphony No. 5
Authors: Frolova-Walker Marina , Walker Jonathan
Published: December 2023

Shostakovich’s Fifth Symphony is one of the most famous symphonies of the twentieth century in purely musical terms, and the circumstances of its composition have also contributed greatly to that fame. Shostakovich had earned Stalin’s personal disfavor, and his music was condemned in a Pravda editorial. The Fifth Symphony was to be his response to “just criticism.” Shostakovich decided to make a virtue of a necessity and created a rich symphonic score that allowed him to retain his artistic pride while still winning the official approval he needed to regain his livelihood. These events all unfolded in the atmosphere of terror created by Stalin’s “Great Purge.” This book is the first to be devoted to this watershed symphony and includes secrets of the score that took decades to uncover.
Data-Driven Campaigning and Political Parties
Authors: Dommett Katharine , Kefford Glenn , Kruschinski Simon
Published: December 2023

What is data-driven campaigning? According to prevailing accounts, this idea describes the rise of increasingly sophisticated, highly targeted, and often invasive uses of data. Deployed to suppress votes, manipulate voter preferences, or boost a candidates’ popularity, the power of data is seen to be transforming campaign practice and raising concerns over democratic processes. And yet, there is a significant problem with these ideas: there is at best a partial understanding of the nature of data-driven campaigning, and limited clarity about its implications. This book provides unprecedented insight into the conduct of data-driven campaigns. Presenting data from interviews with over 300 professional campaigners in Australia, Canada, Germany, the United Kingdom, and the United States, the authors provide unique insight into the components of data-driven campaigning by political parties. They make three key contributions. First, distinguishing between data, analytics, technology, and personnel, they provide unmatched descriptive insight into these four components of data-driven campaigning, revealing significant variation in its operationalization depending on party and country context. Second, introducing a novel multi-level theoretical framework, they isolate systemic, regulatory, and party-level variables which help explain the reasons for these differences. Third, they consider the implications of these findings for debates about democracy, data, and technology in the twenty-first century. Cumulatively these contributions reveal data-driven campaigning to come in different forms that are not inherently problematic. Giving voice to practitioner perspectives, through interviews and innovative vignettes, this book recasts the debate around data-driven campaigning, offering important lessons for scholars, campaigners, and policymakers alike.
Conclusion
Authors: Dommett Katharine , Kefford Glenn , Kruschinski Simon
Published: December 2023

The significance of data-driven campaigning for democracy has been much emphasized, with important questions about the implications of data, analytics, technology, and personnel practices being posed. This chapter reviews the authors’ findings in an attempt to recast the debate about data-driven campaigning. Highlighting four key findings, they suggest that data-driven campaigning is not uniform, inherently problematic, or new, and that systemic, regulatory, and party-level factors affect the precise practices utilized. Drawing on these findings, they challenge the idea that data-driven campaigning poses an inherent threat to democracy, and instead suggest that those concerned about this activity, and considering regulation, need to clarify three things: first, what is problematic; second, how concerning the prevalent practice actually is; and finally, what is causing different practices to emerge. Only by asking such questions, the authors argue, will it be possible to develop an appropriate response.
Circuit Breaking
Authors: Youdin Robert
Published: December 2023

Circuit Breaking presents a paradigm shift from traditional forensic and medical treatments for psychoactive substance abuse. This paradigm teaches that a three-stage neurocircuitry of psychoactive substance abuse is the cause of this abuse. Therapists learn to teach people in treatment to change neurocircuitry within their brains to enable sustained and successful recovery. This neuroscience-informed, non-disease-oriented treatment approach, inspired by evidence-based research, indicates positive neuroplastic changes within one’s brain and cognitive change within one’s mind create an opportunity for people to cease the abuse. An example of improper and moralistic treatment for impoverished people and people of color occurs when jail or prison becomes treatment. For middle- and upper-class people, mental health practitioners ascribing to the medical model view them as having a disease that causes their psychoactive substances abuse. These people are propagandized that they have a chronic illness needing episodic stays in rehab facilities, intensive outpatient treatment, detox facilities, and/or attendance in 12-step programs. Circuit Breaking provides a guide for tracking daily frequencies of wanting (craving) to reveal activity of an underlying three-stage neurocircuitry of psychoactive substance abuse. By combining cognitive behavioral interventions, mindfulness-based interventions, brief motivational interviewing techniques, and harm reduction interventions, a therapist enables people to learn how to achieve a recovery process that culminates in being recovered. This occurs by extinguishing the underlying neurocircuitry driving the abuse. Using this approach, therapists select techniques and interventions based on individual needs. Case vignettes throughout Circuit Breaking show various ways different people experience neuroscience-informed psychotherapy and harm reduction interventions.
The Medical Model Road
Authors: Youdin Robert
Published: December 2023

Chapter 2 explores the problems caused by many mental health practitioners who consider psychoactive substance abuse a phenomenon caused by a disease residing within their patients’ brains. Consequently, their patients are told that they have a lifelong chronic illness. People experiencing this putative disease of addiction are institutionalized in psychiatric hospitals, detoxed in hospital or rehab settings, referred to private expensive rehabs, attend 12-step programs, and, unfortunately, experience failures in recovery and return to the same treatment cycle. This chapter examines the problem caused by treatments using the disease model that measures successful treatment by the number of days a person remains abstinent from abusing a psychoactive substance. This leads to so-called slips that indicate that their disease is active and must return to treatment.
The Neurocircuitry Road
Authors: Youdin Robert
Published: December 2023

Chapter 3 reviews neuroscience principles that help readers understand a nondisease model of psychoactive substance abuse. Rather than attribute blame to a putative addiction disease as the etiology of psychoactive substance abuse, consideration is given to the multiplicity of environmental variables that occur antecedent to people engaging in abusing psychoactive substances as well as their brain’s incorporation of the effects of these variables paired with effects of chronic exposure to psychoactive substances or polypharmacy. This resultant interaction between environment and neurocircuitry within the brain results in the development of the three-stage neurocircuitry of psychoactive substance abuse. Emphasis is placed on the dynamics of neuroplasticity driving brain functioning as preparation for understanding subsequent chapters on neuroscience-informed psychotherapy.
Commonly Abused Psychoactive Substances and How They Contribute to the Three-Stage Neurocircuitry of Psychoactive Substance Abuse
Authors: Youdin Robert
Published: December 2023

The focus of Chapter 4 is the way in which several psychoactive substances contribute to the change in the physiology and anatomy of specific brain regions, ultimately creating the neurocircuitry that is responsible for driving persistent compulsive psychoactive substance abuse by people. Psychoactive substances addressed are alcohol, benzodiazepines, z-drugs, cannabis, opioids, psychostimulants, and tobacco/nicotine. A comprehensive analysis of each psychoactive substance’s contribution to each stage of the three-stage neurocircuitry of psychoactive substance abuse gives readers an understanding of how chronic abuse of psychoactive substances affects neurocircuitry within brain structures in the limbic system and frontal lobes. Distinction is drawn between use, abuse, and misuse of psychoactive substances and the influence of these behavioral differences on underlying brain neurocircuitry.
Digital Sovereignty + Artificial Intelligence
Authors: Woods Andrew Keane
Published: December 2023

This chapter explores the rise of two distinct issues in technology policy: artificial intelligence and digital sovereignty. Does the rise of artificial intelligence impact digital sovereignty—both what it means and what countries might do to secure it? Conversely, does the rise of digital sovereignty impact the development of artificial intelligence? In order to answer these questions, this chapter develops a set of hypotheses by examining three case studies: China, the European Union, and the United States.
Leveling the Playing Field between Sharing Platforms and Industry Incumbents
Authors: Peng Shin-yi
Published: December 2023

At the outset of this chapter, the author raises questions regarding whether regulatory cooperation could possibly reduce the diversity of municipal approaches to questions of housing, taxi services, and other local services, as well as how the obligations of good regulatory practices under trade agreements may help to govern local regulations. Business models of sharing economies involve a great number of variables. The approach to classifying a sharing platform is dynamic, and the nature of a sharing platform is uncertain, which depends upon a case-by-case assessment of the characteristics of a particular platform. The case study on the sharing economy illustrates that regulatory approaches pose the specific risk of regulatory fragmentation through embracing contingency. However, good regulatory practices and regulatory cooperation in trade agreements might not contribute much, if at all, to the harmonization of fragmented legal approaches to a sharing economy.
Creating Data Flow Rules through Preferential Trade Agreements
Authors: Burri Mira
Published: December 2023

This chapter offers a mapping of developments in the area of digital trade governance with a deep dive on some more sophisticated templates that have been endorsed in recent years. It has become evident that PTAs have evolved into an important platform for rule-making in the area of digital trade, as well as that issues around data and data flows have moved to the center stage of trade negotiations. In the latter context, one could see that states have come up with new solutions that not only provide for legal certainty for data-driven businesses but also for policy space for the protection of vital public interests at home.
An Early and Abiding Engagement with the Sciences
Authors: Segala Marco
Published: December 2023

Schopenhauer’s interest in science arose early in his life—even before his philosophical vocation—and he acquired a scholarly education in the natural sciences. This chapter provides a historical reconstruction of Schopenhauer’s scientific education, demonstrating his interest in and mastery of the sciences, and showing how the sciences became a constant and enthusiastic presence in his writings. At the time, it was common for philosophers to have a scientific education and to continue studying the sciences into adulthood. Philosophy of nature was an essential part of a philosophical system, and it required solid scientific knowledge—as in the cases of Kant, Schelling, and Hegel. Schopenhauer was no exception, but what is exceptional is that he practiced scientific research, used his scientific studies in the elaboration of his metaphysics, was aware of his scientific abilities, and was proud of them.
Ireland: Not the Garden of Eden
Authors: Akenson Donald Harman
Published: December 2023

This chapter deals with the founding situation that eventually led to the core beliefs of American apocalyptic evangelicalism. Ireland in the early nineteenth century saw the rise of the Catholic population that sought to recapture the civil rights lost during the previous century’s penal code. In the later 1820s, frightened by the prospect of Catholic Emancipation, a small group of wealthy Anglican evangelicals in Co. Wexford and Dublin created a withdrawal group. They developed a radical form of evangelicalism, characterized by intense small-group worship, that was presided over by laymen rather than clergy. The key figures were John Nelson Darby, Lady Powerscourt, and Robert Daly.
Preparing for North America
Authors: Akenson Donald Harman
Published: December 2023

This chapter specifies three matters that were central to the inculturation of nascent Dispensationalism into North America. First, the existence of a commitment to “faith missions” that was common to all forms of Brethrenism. As instantiation, the missions of Anthony Norris Groves in Baghdad and John Nelson Darby in Switzerland are presented. Second, the Brethren split bitterly in the later 1840s into main groups usually called Exclusive Brethren and Open Brethren. Third, the Exclusive portion, led by John Nelson Darby, is accurately described as being a cult—in the technical and non-pejorative meaning of the term. Darby, on the eve of beginning his missionary work in the New World, was the head-centre of a disciplined body of 12,000–15,000 saints in England and Ireland, who supported his work with voluntary evangelists, funds, and, as emigration to North America flowed, supplied founders of local Brethren assemblies.
The Best Available Personnel
Authors: Akenson Donald Harman
Published: December 2023

The Exclusive Brethren mission of John Nelson Darby picked up some strong, if not always completely dependable, personnel from among the colonial caste of previous migrants from the United Kingdom to Canada. In the 1860s, these included Arthur Wells, whose mansion was the site of the Brethren’s Guelph Meetings (and who in the 1870s disappeared to Colorado with his family’s house maid); W. C. Baynes (who now was the chief operation officer of McGill University); and two young Anglican former clerics (Frederick and Robert Grant) who, just before Darby’s arrival, had self-converted to Brethrenism). Of these, Baynes was especially significant in being a pioneer publisher in North America of clear sequences of the scripture-based dispensations (divisions) of time, from creation to eternity. His scheme was later adopted by James Hall Brookes, the leading figure of the Niagara Conferences, the centrepiece of the American prophetic movement.
Tall Man Standing
Authors: Akenson Donald Harman
Published: December 2023

In the last quarter of the nineteenth century, James Hall Brookes was a crucial figure in the efflorescence of apocalyptic evangelicalism that mostly took the form of Dispensationalism. Brookes published in 1874 Maranatha: or, the Lord Cometh, which became the orthodox text of the main version of “American Dispensationalism.” He was the leader of the “Believers’ Meeting for Bible Study,” which ran annually from 1875 to 1900, inclusive. In the 1880s it became known as the “Niagara Conference” and was the leading North American prophetic congress, the one against which other efforts were measured. As editor of the periodical Truth and as president of the Niagara Conference, Brookes marshalled such influential pastors as William J. Erdman, Nathaniel West, and Henry M. Parsons. His basic program was Darbyism—secret-Rapture, two separate resurrections, millennium, and return of Israel—but without Brethren ecclesiology, which demanded separation from existing denominations.
As Original as Sin?
Authors: Akenson Donald Harman
Published: December 2023

Cyrus Ingerson Scofield (1843–1921) is one of the most contradictory figures in American evangelical history. A convicted con-man and serious alcoholic, after conversion in 1879 Scofield seems to have given up drinking, but not his inaccurate self-presentation. He abandoned his first wife (a Catholic) and children after he was divorced in 1883 and wrote them out of his personal history. Under James Hall Brookes he acquired Dispensational theology and took a pastorship in Dallas, Texas. Later, based on having spent a year in the Confederate army, he made himself into a Lost Cause hero. Also, he acquired a D.D. degree from an institution that never was named. His breakthrough came at Niagara in 1888 when he gave a lecture “Rightly Dividing the Word of Truth.” It became the basis of his influential correspondence course and eventually was one of the main building blocks of The Scofield Reference Bible.
Big Deal at Amen Corner
Authors: Akenson Donald Harman
Published: December 2023

That The Scofield Reference Bible was completed and published was the result of a grand-chance lottery: that is the theme of this chapter, for so many improbabilities had to be overcome. One is that in the years 1902–1909, when he was expected to work full-time on the project, Scofield was frequently hors de combat and had to spend large swatches of time in sanitariums. Further, Scofield needed a serious publisher, but his first instinct was to go with a low-rent American firm that promised high royalties. His true good fortune was to be introduced in London to Henry Frowde, the publisher of Oxford University Press, an Exclusive Brother, and the leading publisher of Bibles in the English-speaking world. They made a deal. Still, Scofield could not have assembled his book on his own. Arno Gaebelein, an admirer of John Nelson Darby’s system, guided the prophetic material, Scofield’s weak area.
Introduction
Authors: Wilbourne Emily
Published: December 2023

In the introduction, the three main terms of the book’s title (“voice,” “slavery,” and “race”) are treated in turn. Historical detail and context are offered for each term, and primary sources illustrating the way in which these terms will be interpreted in the book are analyzed. Details are given about the specific types of music sound that were heard and valued in early-seventeenth-century Florence and how the music of early opera functioned in relationship to representation. The contemporary Italian term, razza (lit. “race”) is defined and positioned as an analytic key for theorizing race as an inheritable, material concept.
“Turkish Music” in Italy
Authors: Wilbourne Emily
Published: December 2023

This chapter discusses archival details that refer to a standing ensemble of enslaved foreign musicians from the Ottoman Empire and their performances before members of the Florentine court; the archival material is juxtaposed with details of Florentine theatrical performances in which enslaved musicians and oarsmen were utilized to represent Turkish armed forces. The chapter excavates the familiarity of Florentine audiences with foreign musical sounds and the fluency with which military instruments could invoke or re-cite alla turca associations (taking place long before the supposed emergence of the practice, which is typically dated by music historians to the late eighteenth century).
Buonaccorsi as Court Jester
Authors: Wilbourne Emily
Published: December 2023

A full transcription and translation of Giovannino Buonaccorsi’s one surviving poem, “Il sogno di Giovannino Moro” (lit. “Little Black Giovanni’s Dream”), is provided and analyzed. References to several contemporary figures at the Medici court are identified, including two court dwarves and two other enslaved retainers—one of whom is described as a “moro bianco” (“white Moor” or Turk). The content and form of the poetry are compared with an extended scene from the 1661 opera Ercole in Tebe (libretto by Gio: Andrea Moniglia, music by Jacopo Melani), in which Buonaccorsi performed. Taken together, the poem and the scene make a forceful argument for Buonaccorsi as a jester figure. Anton Domenico Gabbiani’s painting Ritratto di quattro servitori della corte medicea (ca. 1684) is also discussed.
Buonaccorsi Sings on the Venetian Stage
Authors: Wilbourne Emily
Published: December 2023

Operatic performances in Florence came to an abrupt halt in 1663 with the death of Cardinal Prince Giovan Carlo de’ Medici, an operaphile in whose household Giovannino Buonaccorsi had been kept. This chapter looks at the final role written for Buonaccorsi during this time and at his public performances in Venice, which occurred in the period immediately following Giovan Carlo’s death. In comparison with his earlier roles, these works are taken to demonstrate Buonaccorsi’s development as a singer and performer over time. The novelty of his performances (as an enslaved Black singer) can be profitably contrasted with the various “Black slave” roles that were regularly performed in blackface on the Venetian stage by ethnically European singers.
Epilogo (Axiomatic)
Authors: Wilbourne Emily
Published: December 2023

The epilogue to the book does two things. In the first instance, a series of axioms for future scholarship on race and early modernity are elaborated. In the second instance, the seventeenth-century Italian material of this book is explicitly linked to an eighteenth-century British and North American example of early blackface minstrel performance: The Padlock (which was premiered in 1768). This analysis provides lines of filiation, and it shows how the earlier seventeenth-century Italian context shaped and influenced the development of the later, racially marked forms of song and performance in ways that are striking and formative.