bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comparative analysis of identification of dynamic objects by scale-invariant feature transform and deep neural networks
Authors: Ivliev E A , Obukhov P S
Published: January 2021

The article is devoted to the development and analysis of methods of identifying dynamic objects. A system for identifying information from a luggage tag based on several neural networks with the SSD InceptionV2 architecture has been developed. These neural networks work with sufficiently high accuracy 82-95% and speed 7-10fps. Advantages and disadvantages of application of method of scale-invariant feature transform for identification of luggage tags are considered. The operability of the methods on real images has been tested.
Investigation of dynamic characteristics of regenerative pneumatic drive of filling and packing machine
Authors: Sirotenko A N , Grishchenko V I , Partko S A , Kilina M S
Published: January 2021

The article discusses the method of braking by back pressure of the output link of the pneumatic drive and the associated actuator. An increase in energy characteristics is achieved by accumulating compressed air in an additional volume. The mathematical model describes the braking process and includes equations of motion, pressure, and temperature. Preliminary setting of parameters of additional volume controls braking parameters. The solution of the mathematical model planned and conducted a computational experiment and obtained mathematical dependencies for the criteria of speed and energy consumption.
Digital meter of frequency instability and phase noise of high stable oscillators
Authors: Fedosov V P , Nsue Jacinto M B , Labyntsev A V
Published: January 2021

This paper discusses the measurement of frequency instability and phase noise of real oscillators. As part of this work, a device was developed in LabVIEW, which allows implementing the multiplier-conversion method (MCM), in the form of a subprogram for oscillations with a low level of frequency instability. Another device was developed, which allows the simulation of a signal with a given phase noise grade, for applying MCM to increase standard deviation as many times as is needed. The use of these devices confirmed the operability and efficiency of the MCM for increasing the oscillation instability by a given number of times. The research showed that in the case of oscillation with very high frequency stability, it is possible to increase this small instability by a concise number of times, using MCM, and thereby provide the possibility of measuring frequency and phase instability, by devices with a larger error than is required for the measurements of very small instability.
Dynamic control system for mine ventilation
Authors: Semenov V V , Fisunov A V , Nikishin I O
Published: January 2021

An optoelectronic dust meter, based on the fluctuation method, was proposed as a dust sensor for the dynamic control system of mine ventilation. The scheme of the proposed sensor can significantly reduce the error of continuous measurement of dust concentration to 5%, as well as determine the average size of dust particles in the studied environment, on the basis of which to predict the occurrence of occupational diseases. Dust sensors are installed at a distance of 10-15 meters from sources of dust release (lavas, conveyor lines, etc.), in working faces of a coal mine on incoming and outgoing streams at a height corresponding to the breathing zone of miners.
Research into storage processes in batteries to create highly efficient reversible hydrogen storage
Authors: Galushkin D N , Isaev I R
Published: January 2021

This paper has experimentally proved that hydrogen accumulates in large quantities in metal ceramic electrodes of alkaline accumulators during their operation. It has been found that hydrogen is not present in the metal ceramic electrodes of alkaline accumulators not yet in operation. It is shown that in alkaline accumulators with a service life of more than five years, the largest amount of hydrogen is present in their electrodes. Hydrogen is found to accumulate in oxide-nickel electrodes of alkaline accumulators, which have hydrogen absorption capacity of 13.4 wt%. Sintered nickel matrix of oxide-nickel electrode of alkaline accumulator was considered. The values of hydrogen absorption in this matrix are 20.2 wt%, the stored energy density is 44.018 kJ/g. The results obtained in the operation are three times higher than the previously obtained data, which are based on the use of traditional methods for reversible metal hydrides, such as magnesium hydride and complex hydrides. In addition, the results obtained exceed the values announced in the criteria for hydrogen storage systems developed by the US Department of Energy.
Methods for minimizing the error in selecting a useful signal in the presence of the «flip» effect of the approximating function
Authors: Marchuk V I , Hripkov G L , Nikishin I O , Shrayfel I S
Published: January 2021

The paper discusses the issues of minimizing the error in selecting a useful signal in the presence of the “flip” effect of the approximating function, which are solved by compensating for the approximation error by eliminating the “flip” effect by mirroring it relative to a certain line, which is determined by the methods proposed in this work. The proposed method for choosing a line for mirroring the estimate of the useful signal function has

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Thread milling errors
Authors: Yamnikov A S , Pozumentshchikov I K , Yamnikova O A
Published: January 2021

The study shows that thread milling (including internal threads) is one of the most forward-looking technologies that offers max thread cutting performance. The reasons are the shortest cut-in path equal to the thread depth, and the full thread profile machining time equal to the period of one revolution of the workpiece. The paper highlights that thread milling is an efficient, general-purpose machining process. In this study, we solved the thread profile error estimation problem. Thread milling with parallel workpiece and cutter axis was investigated with a milling simulation model. The optimal thread milling tool parameters for internal thread machining were found. The method efficiency was proven by measuring undercuts and overcuts in pipe thread milling. For instance, the thread error (overcuts/undercuts measured flatwise to the thread profile) diametral compensation does not exceed 0.0268 mm while the pipe thread tolerance G1.25`` is 0.36 mm.
Automation of thermal processing of quartz glass with the following computer treatment of the quality of siloxane communication
Authors: Dolapchi S M , Denisova O A
Published: January 2021

The strength characteristics and isotropic physical properties of quartz glass give broad prospects for its use as a resonator for navigation systems of aircraft, as well as for complex optical systems and automation elements. To obtain a sufficiently hard surface with the desired properties, it is necessary to create conditions for the occurrence of siloxane bonds - silicon and oxygen compounds. During the formation of such bonds, the process of polymerization and annealing of quartz glass, high-strength resonator samples are obtained. The quality of the resulting surface is determined by different methods - fractal geometry, recumbent drop and Vickers. In the presented material, the authors propose to use the recumbent drop method (distilled water was used). To obtain samples of resonators, a resistance furnace has been designed and constructed, which operates in an automated mode using a personal computer control. Also, a computer program “Droplet stacking method” was written in Delphi 7.0, which presents the results of monitoring the annealing process, including the surface annealing temperature and contact angle. The results of measurements and calculations can be recorded as a file and observed on the display. The program interface is intuitive and convenient for controlling the process of obtaining samples. In addition, to form a high-quality connection, a program was also written to determine the radius of the nucleus and the value of the Gibbs free energy, which is necessary for the formation of the nucleus. The experimental results obtained and the calculations performed by the lying drop and fractal geometry methods have demonstrated the agreement between the results within the error limits of the methods.
About the possibility of metamaterials application at the band–pass microwave filters designing with superwide pass transmission band
Authors: Budyakov A S , Cherckesova L V , Kleimenkin D V , Shokova Yu A
Published: January 2021

A band-pass filter with an extended operating frequency range based on composites - metamaterials is considered. Two design stages are presented, when, at the first stage, a two-stage microstrip filter on a resonator with a stepwise change in impedance, an SIR filter, is developed. At the second stage, the SIR-filter is remodified by adding to it a cell of mixed combined right-handed and left-handed transmission lines made of metamaterials. At lower frequencies, in the bandwidth, insertion loss is about 4 dB in the 3.1-4.2 GHz frequency range, due to the difficulty of meeting the impedance requirements of the mixed right-hand and left-hand transmission line, for all six phases throughout the ultra-wide frequency band is required. It was found that such methods are quite applicable for the design of other radio-electronic devices, in which impedance matching in an ultra-wide frequency band is required.
Prospects for design and construction development of integral circuits of LC–filters based on the modern dielectric materials
Authors: Budyakov A S , Cherckesova L V , Titov A E , Shokova Yu A
Published: January 2021

An analysis of design and technological solutions related to the production of integrated microwave filters based on modern materials - liquid-crystalline polymers (LCP) and low-temperature ceramics (LTCC) is considered. An important factor in the design of integrated filters based on multilayer printed circuit boards is the limited choice of designs for inductive and capacitive elements. It is proposed to use dielectric materials with more stable parameters and a wide range of operating frequencies (LCP up to 20 GHz, and LTCC up to 40 GHz). The results of comparison of the manufacturing process of microwave filters based on LCP and LTCC technologies are shown. One of the possible schemes and designs of a bandpass filter with a cut-off frequency of 2.9 GHz, a bandwidth of 500 MHz, and an insertion loss of about 1 dB is demonstrated. Experimental characteristics based on computer simulation of the microwave filter are presented. It is concluded that the use of LTCC-technology is preferable for solving the problem of microminiaturization of microwave filters, and the use of LCP-technology is expedient for creating narrower-band filters intended for operation in a higher frequency range of microwave filters.
Analysis of the relationship between the choice of the color model for the representation of images and the efficiency of solving the problem of improving the image resolution
Authors: Veremeev D N , Obukhov P S , Kislov K V , Gladkih D I
Published: January 2021

The article discusses the influence of the choice of a color model for representing a raster image on the efficiency of increasing its resolution using an artificial neural network. The article begins with the essence of the research. After that, the process of obtaining for training networks with an identical topology of a dataset using different color models of image representation, namely RGB, HSV, L * a * b *, NTSC and YCbCr, is described. After that, an assessment of the effectiveness of trained neural networks on the previously described datasets is given. To assess the performance of an artificial neural network, two algorithms are used: SSIM and PSNR. As a result of the assessment, the networks using RGB and YCbCr color models showed the highest results. At the end of the article, there are reflections on the reasons for this result.
Improving the precision of the selection of piecewise linear useful signal component under conditions of a priori uncertainty
Authors: Shrayfel I S , Marchuk V I , Mihailov A B , Malcev I M , Fisunov A V
Published: January 2021

The paper is devoted to the analytical substantiation of a new approach to the processing of signals representing a collection of some piecewise linear signals under conditions of a priori uncertainty about its parameters. The results of computer simulation fully confirm the main theoretical results and allow us to conclude that the new method is highly efficient in processing piecewise linear signals under conditions of a priori uncertainty about the useful signal function and the statistical characteristics of the additive noise component. The developed method makes it possible to reduce the dispersion of the additive noise component up to 10 times, however, as the dispersion of the noise increases, the efficiency decreases.
RETRACTED: Analysis of the dynamic growth of the hazardous industry development index and ways to reduce industrial accidents
Authors: Kostrov A , Staseva E , Molev M , Kokun’ko I , Merenkova N , Kobzev K
Published: January 2021

Labor protection is a system of ensuring the safety of life and health of workers in the process of work, including legal, socio-economic, sanitary and hygienic, psychophysical, treatment and prophylactic, rehabilitation and other measures. The functions of labor protection are the study of sanitation and occupational hygiene, the implementation of measures to reduce the influence of harmful factors on the body of workers in the process of work. The main method of labor protection is the use of safety measures. At the same time, two main tasks are solved: the creation of machines and tools, when working with which the danger to humans is excluded, and the development of special protective equipment that ensures human safety in the labor process, as well as training workers in safe working practices and the use of protective equipment, conditions are created for safe work.

The main goal of improving working conditions is to achieve a social effect, i.e. ensuring labor safety, preserving the life and health of workers, reducing the number of accidents and diseases at work.

Improving working conditions also yields economic results: an increase in profits (due to an increase in labor productivity); reduction of costs associated with compensation for work with harmful and difficult working conditions; reduction of losses associated with injuries, occupational morbidity; decrease in staff turnover, etc. The main document in the normative and technical documentation is the normative act “Occupational safety standards system”.
RETRACTED: Dynamic analysis of industrial injuries with the participation of the country’s young population. Comparison of indicators
Authors: Kostrov A , Stuzhenko N , Babenko L , Eroshenko A , Larin D , Kobzeva N
Published: January 2021

Labor protection is a system of ensuring the safety of life and health of workers in the process of work, including legal, socio-economic, sanitary and hygienic, psychophysical, treatment and prophylactic, rehabilitation and other measures. The functions of labor protection are the study of sanitation and occupational hygiene, the implementation of measures to reduce the influence of harmful factors on the body of workers in the process of work. The main method of labor protection is the use of safety measures. At the same time, two main tasks are solved: the creation of machines and tools, when working with which the danger to humans is excluded, and the development of special protective equipment that ensures human safety in the labor process, as well as training workers in safe working practices and the use of protective equipment, conditions are created for safe work.
Influence of spatial structure of the field on a signal-to-interference ratio in communication systems with spatial signal separation
Authors: Okorochkov A I , Dmitrienko N A
Published: January 2021

This article presents research results of the signal-to-interference ratio dependence (S/I) on the spatial structure of the radiation field of a three-element linear sparse antenna array in communication systems with spatial signal separation. As a result of the research, it was stated that when the receiving linear antenna is located in the region of the zero order maximum of the field of the useful signal, the formation of the S/I ratio does not depend on whether the field distribution is considered on a straight line or on a circular arc. The location of the receiving antenna in the region of the first-order maximum of the field of the useful signal gives the best results in the formation of the S/I ratio if the field distribution is used on circular arc and not on a straight line.
Image reconstruction using the modified texture synthesis algorithm
Authors: Ibadov R R , Gapon N V , Ibadov S R , Kucheryavenko S V
Published: January 2021

The article discusses a method for image reconstruction based on the search for similar blocks using a texture synthesis algorithm. The effectiveness of the new approach is shown using several examples for various areas with lost pixels. The subject of the research is methods and algorithms for processing space-time reconstruction of two-dimensional signals based on a geometric model of images. The object of research is a set of test static images. The result of the study is a modification of the image reconstruction method based on the search for similar blocks in order to reduce the error in image reconstruction. The novelty of the work is an algorithm that improves the quality of image restoration. The results obtained make it possible to reduce the root mean square error.
Improvement of the Human Action Recognition Algorithm by the Pre-processing of Input Data
Authors: Zhdanova M M , Balabaeva O S , Voronin V V , Semenishchev E A , Zelensky A A
Published: January 2021

The paper presents an approach to recognizing human actions using an additional preprocessing stage of input data. The growing volumes of video information do not always allow support the quality of data at a high level; this can cause limitations in the further processing of digital data. In this regard, it becomes urgent to introduce an additional stage of image enhancement into the algorithm for recognizing actions in video. The proposed method includes three main steps: image enhancement, constructing a descriptor, and classification. The presented image enhancement stage is based on the combined local and global image processing in the frequency domain. The basic idea in using local alfa-rooting method is to apply it to different disjoint blocks with different sizes. To solve the problem of constructing a descriptor, a three-dimensional microblock dense difference (3D DMD) algorithm is used, which provides a highly oriented representation of image regions by tightly capturing microblocks within each region in several orientations and scales. 3D DMD has several advantages over other methods: higher efficiency compared to existing methods; minimal computational costs when using an integrated image; low dimension; ease of implementation; does not require settings. The presented modification allows to increase productivity by 2-4%.
Review of subjection between ANN topology and it’s efficiency in solving the problem of improvement image resolution
Authors: Kislov K V , Veremeev D N , Obukhov P S
Published: January 2021

The article discusses the influence of ANN topology on its efficiency in solving the problem of increasing the image resolution. An empirical approach is used to establish the fact and determine the nature of the influence. At the beginning of the article, the most commonly used topological techniques for constructing an ANN, which are used to solve the problem of increasing the image resolution, are described. Then, the process of creating an ANN is described based on the above topologies. After that, the learning process of ANN is described. A supervised learning algorithm was used to train the networks, and a set of 7 000 images was used as training data. At the end of the article, an assessment of the efficiency of the trained ANN is carried out, through which the effectiveness of topological solutions is determined. To assess the performance of an artificial neural network, a validation dataset of 100 image is used. Two algorithms are used to assess the quality of enhanced images: SSIM and PSNR. The interpretation of the results obtained is also given.
Prooxidant activity as a criterion for the hazard class of biogenic preparations
Authors: Seregin M , Ozeryanskaya V , Lazurenko R
Published: January 2021

The presence of various pathogens in municipal wastewaters and the prevention of large-scale invasions is one of the acute problems of modern ecology. Reducing the load on the ecosystem and capital costs during the disinfection of wastewater, their sediments and soil from various pathogens (for example, helminth eggs) is one of the most important tasks of modern ecology. The most successful solution is the use of recycling technologies to obtain reagents that do not require preparation of the disinfection object and subsequent additional treatment. The production of biogenic preparations from agricultural waste (potato seedlings Solanum tuberosum) is low-cost and does not require complex equipment. However, the effect on various links of metabolism, in particular, the effect on free radical processes and lipid peroxidation in the cell, has not been studied enough, which does not allow us to speak about the toxicity of the drug and its effect on the ecosystem of the disinfected object. The study of the prooxidant activity of raw materials for the production of biogenic preparations) in standard model systems of biochemical studies (human erythrocytes) will allow to establish the hazard class.
Fundamentality of methods for optimizing the protection of the road transport system in mountainous conditions, as a dynamic system
Authors: Kortiev L I , Kortiev A L , Vaneev S D , Olisaeva O V , Kulumbegov R P
Published: January 2021

The life cycle of a road in mountainous conditions, as a complex dynamic system, is fundamentally different from the plain. The comparison issues in terms of work technology and road safety are completely incompatible.

In the same system, the methods for optimizing safety problems are incompatible, as the road transport system on the plain is almost in a static position, and it turns into a complex dynamic systemin mountainous conditions, from the impact on it of slope phenomena such as mudslides, landslides talus and avalanche-glacial (ice) are referred to in the literature this time as surface or exogenous processes. The qualitative indicators of these mutually influencing factors are under investigation.

Faced with a multitude of terminological varieties, in order of discussion, it would be correct to call them “Slope phenomena”.

Depending on the location of the centers of development of slope phenomena and their impact on the road to the axis of the road, they transform the road transport system into a complex dynamic system from a static state. Slope phenomena on mountain roads are a big problem and the optimal safety solution from each type of impact on the road is of current importance, as generally theoptional safety is ensured in a complex dynamic system in mountain conditions.
Influence function as a metrological characteristic of the digital pressure meter
Authors: Stepanov M S , Sorochkina O Yu , Kirimova K V , Koshliakova I G
Published: January 2021

The influence of external factors and uninformative parameters of the input signal on the measurement results was evaluated. The main metrological characteristics of the digital pressure meter IDC-2-Micro are given and the design features of the pressure measurement system are described in its example. The principle of operation of a strain-resistant pressure sensor is considered. As a result of their deformation, the output voltage of the bridge is generated, which is proportional to the measured pressure. External factors that have the maximum impact on the metrological characteristics of the pressure meter were selected and the limits of their values were set. 8 factors were identified: ambient air temperature and the measured medium, changes in operating overpressure, ambient humidity, vibrations, frequency of the supply voltage and fluctuations in its values, the presence of an external electromagnetic field. A plan for a factor experiment to evaluate the influence function has been developed. When studying the influence of various factors, including their pair interactions, on the parameter under study using the random balance method, a type of regression equation is proposed. When studying the influence of various factors, including their paired interactions, on the parameter under study, the method of random balance was used.
Self-optimization of mobile robot actions using voice commands
Authors: Izyumov A I , Vasilyeva E V , Alentsov E A , Ostapovich O S
Published: January 2021

Annotation. In most cases, multifunctional robots used both in industry and in the home environment to facilitate human labor have a common problem, which is a lack of autonomy and self-learning. This does not mean that it is impossible to implement self-learning within the operation of these machines, but most often such technical units function according to a specific algorithm, without deviating from its principles, even if this may lead to better results. First of all, a clear adherence to the program, in accordance with the acceptable quality of the final result, is put at the forefront. However, when working with technical units that do not depend on clear industrial or household algorithms, it is allowed to use an individual approach to the implementation of management processes. This work is devoted to the construction of the concept and principles of implementing voice control of a mobile robot for performing movement tasks.
Set-theoretical approach to finding the range of possible values of the size of a group of objects in a situation of multiple indistinguishability
Authors: Zolotukhin V F , Matershev A V , Podkolzina L A
Published: January 2021

In situations where it is not possible to timely use new methods for assessing hazardous objects, traditional methods of risk assessment can be supplemented with new methods based on possible assessments of objective primary information. Evaluation of the destructive capacity and consequences of the use of high-risk systems becomes increasingly important as their structural and functional complexity grows.

Despite the existence of the considered works on certain aspects, the known approaches to the consideration of the problem of indistinguishability of influencing factors are characterized by limited functionality. These capabilities do not fully provide the required level of reliability when making management decisions. In view of this, the problem of predicting equipment failure caused by an unfavourable coincidence of circumstances due to the indistinguishability of the initial data is one of the urgent tasks of risk management. Its solution is of significant theoretical and practical interest for many complex heterogeneous dynamical systems. The paper deals with a problem from the field of probabilistic modeling. The relevance of the performed research lies in the fact that the existing methods for predicting equipment failure in systems of potentially hazardous objects do not take into account the causes of accidents that occurred due to unfavourable circumstances.

The aim of the work is to develop a method for the set-theoretic modeling of the occurrence of problems with equipment due to an unfavourable coincidence of circumstances, which provides a range of possible values for the size of a group with a given composite very dangerous sign. To achieve this goal, the following tasks are solved:

– finding the range of possible values of the number of groups of objects modeled by the intersection of indistinguishable sets and finding the range of possible values of the number of groups of objects modeled by the union and the difference of indistinguishable sets;

– finding possible values of the number of groups of objects modeled by an arbitrary composite property and generalization of the problem, features of the set-theoretic apparatus of its solution.

In the course of the study, it was found that a set of objects with a compound very dangerous feature of an arbitrary type can be associated with a set representing the union of intersections (intersection of unions) of sets of objects with simple features and their complements. Moreover, the operations of intersection, union, and complement constitute a complete set of operations for the most common version of Boolean algebra of sets.
The use of lighting techniques for rapid remote determination of moisture content of sunflower seeds growing in the fields
Authors: Litvishchenko V L , Dimitrov V P , Leshcheva O A , Gritsay I P
Published: January 2021

The method is proposed and the ability to perform rapid remote determination of the moisture content of sunflower seeds using millimeter – range microwave radiation is experimentally investigated. A laboratory experimental setup for measuring the reflection coefficient of electromagnetic waves from sunflower inflorescences in the frequency range of 25.86 – 37.5 GHz has been created. Experimental studies of the value of the reflected signal from sunflower inflorescences on both sides of the plant were carried out in order to create a mathematical model that takes into account the difference between the reflected signal from the inflorescence side with sunflower seeds and the reverse side. Experiments were conducted for inflorescences of maturity different degrees.
Improving the dynamics of information flows for optimizing telecommunication systems
Authors: Evstafiev V V , Rudenko N V
Published: January 2021

The article considers the problem of optimization of telecommunication systems based on improving the dynamics of information flows. This task is formulated on the basis of a systematic approach, which consists in the fact that a multidimensional indicator is chosen as a system indicator, taking into account not only the connections of elements, but also the degree of use of these connections in the functioning of the network. This allows you to distribute information flows by changing the elements of the route matrix in the model of an open queuing network in order to optimize the system. It is shown that it is expedient to solve the optimization problem by applying the developed algorithm for the general solution of the problem. Algorithm procedures for the dynamics of information flows imply the transfer of part of the load of the elements that are bottlenecks to other elements of the system. The performance of the algorithm is confirmed by an example.
Analysis of BER for optical transmission link using commercial fibers with and without dispersion compensation
Authors: Singh Kuldeep , Mittal Dhruv Aditya , Priyamvada
Published: January 2021

In this paper, an optical transmission link at 10 Gb/s is experimented with Non -Return to -Zero (NRZ) modulated input source with the help of OptSim-software. The performance of the system has been measured in terms of BER for optical link developed using various types-of-fibers at reference loss and wavelength of 1550 nm along with dispersion and nonlinearities whose tolerances have been assessed up to 400 kms. Results have been obtained and compared by considering the impact of second and third order dispersion terms with and without dispersion compensation for different fibers. It has been observed that DS_Anomalous (DSA) fiber shows the best practical results with 10‒10BER value at 246 kms of transmission -distance without dispersion compensation and 340 kms with dispersion compensation.
Performance Evaluation of Diverse Hybrid Pulse Width Reduction Modules in WDM systems
Authors: Aggarwal Shivin , Garg Nidhi , Kaur Gurpreet , Madhu Charu , Singh Preeti
Published: January 2021

Long reach wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) systems are required to cater the remote locations and to cover the maximum distances. Dispersion is prominent factor for distance limitation and should be addressed with high efficiency as well as using low cost pulse width reduction (PWR) modules. In this research work, hybridization of different PWR is proposed such as FBG-DCF, OPC–DCF (optical phase conjugation), FBG-DCF-OPC to analyse the PWRE and total cost of the modules. Further, in order to get optimal hybrid PWR module and amplification unit, different optical amplifiers are also investigated at 10 Gbps over 300 km. An ultra dense WDM system with 25 GHz channel spacing using 32 channels is demonstrated and PWRE is analysed using different hybrid PWR modules. Results revealed that FBG-DCF having least cost with PWRP of 55%, OPC-DCF show PWRE of 45% with moderate cost, and FBG-DCF-OPC provide maximum PWRE of 70% with little bit higher cost. Performance sequence of investigated PWR modules is give as: FBG-DCF-OPC (70% PWRE)> FBG-DCF (55% PWRE)>OPC-DCF (45% PWRE)> and performance of amplification unit with FBG-DCF-OPC is depicted as EDFA>RFA>SOA). This module can be used in passive optical networks for long reach systems.
Performance of PV integrated wall and roof as a building material
Authors: Singh Digvijay , Rawat Mohan , Singh S.P. , Chaudhary Rubina
Published: January 2021

The performance of the Photovoltaic (PV) module as a building material is analyzed by predicting the hourly variation in the room temperature compared to base case (conventional material). A computer simulation model of Fourier admittance method is used for the analysis. The average temperature fluctuation of PV roof and PV wall building compared to base case is 6.58°C and for PV wall 2.91°C respectively. The total daily energy generation from PV wall is found in the range of 6.7 kWh to 11.86 kWh, for PV roof its 17.24 kWh to 22 kWh. Due to temperature fluctuation the max additional daily cooling load obtained in PV roof case is 94.7 kWh and 41.97 kWh for PV wall.
Literature review on the usage of six sigma techniques for improvement of quality in soft drink beverage and bottling industries
Authors: SM Khwaja Mohinuddin , Vivekanand V , Jayakumar C
Published: January 2021

The main goals of a manufacturing plant is to improve quality, throughput and increase productivity by reducing ineffective time. In order to do so various areas needs to be looked at and one such focus is on quality improvement, quality has various dimension’s and meeting all these dimension require a sound approach like Six Sigma. The soft drink beverage industry has a complex manufacturing process and there are strict quality measures due to the direct relation which it has with its consumers. In order to accomplish such a need six sigma approach is essential. In regard to the beverage industry quality issues starts of from carbon dioxide yield to bottle filling issues. This study focusses on bringing in different literature which have used six sigma tools and techniques in the bottle and beverage industry. Based on the study it was found techniques such as pareto analysis, fish bone diagram, design of experiment, analysis of variance (ANOVA), control charts are widely used. This is done in order to provide a sound framework on what techniques can be applied when an issue on quality arises.
Electrochemical Studies of Structural Materials in Acidic Peroxide Media
Authors: Choudhary Vipin , Kumar Rajendra , Kumar Vijay , Singh A.K.
Published: January 2021

Corrosion in paper industries is responsible not only for weakening of metal structures but also for pollution of process liquors and contamination of products. The bleaching sections in pulp and paper industry are among the worst affected by the ravages of corrosion. In bleach plants the materials are exposed to highly corrosive bleaching liquors. Now day’s new norms of safety of environment are forcing paper industries to use peroxide as a bleaching agent instead of chlorine. So in the present study an effort has been done to propose an appropriate material for the construction of future bleach plants keeping in mind their mechanical factors and cost of the material. Accordingly electrochemical polarization tests, E vs. time curve, potentiodynamic polarization curve and cyclic polarization curve were performed on stainless steels samples of 316L, 317L, 2205 and 254SMO in peroxide containing solutions having H2O2, 500 and 1000 parts per million (ppm). The pH of these solutions was kept 4. The Chloride content varied from 0 to 1000 ppm. These tests was performed at room temperature. These tests showed increased resistance against corrosion in order of: 316L<317L<2205<254SMO. Thus 254SMO shows highest resistance for attack of corrosion but keeping in mind fabrication and cost aspects optimal material for treating these peroxide media is recommended to be SS 2205.
Exploring Wrist Pulse Signals using Empirical Mode Decomposition: Emotions
Authors: Garg Nidhi , Arvind  , Kaur Gurpreet
Published: January 2021

Emotion recognition is attracting considerable interest among the research community. In this work, Empirical Mode Decomposition has been implemented to derive both statistical and nonlinear features from Wrist Pulse Signal to classifying emotions namely anxiety and boredom. Wrist Pulse signals were extracted from 24 subjects using TETRIS game as a stimulus using Fission and Fusion approach. The acquired signals were pre-processed to remove unwanted noise and artefacts present within the signal. In addition, various classifiers namely Naiive Byes, Support Vector Machine, K-Nearest Neighbour, Logistic Regression, Linear Discriminant Analysis, Quadratic Discriminant Analysis were considered. Results from these classifiers indicate that both Logistic Regression and Quadratic Discriminant Analysis gave an indistinguishable accuracy of 99.71% (fission) and 77.08% (fusion) for anxiety state. Moreover, for boredom state, the highest classification accuracy was 66.67 % for Naiive Bayes using fission and 64.58% for fusion. Results highlight the impact of empirical mode decomposition with hilbert transform for the recognition of emotion from wrist pulse signals.
A survey on key enabling technologies towards 5G
Authors: Yachika  , Kaur Preetjot , Garg Roopali
Published: January 2021

Recently the market has been hit with 5G innovations and ceramic materials are an integral aspect of its technical growth. Since the number of users is increasing day by day, a high data rate and improved spectral efficiency become the prime need of today’s wireless networks. 5G is an end-to-end network that provides improved data capacity, high-performance broadcast services, low latency, and can support millions of connected devices. The fifth-generation network claims to satisfy the tremendous demands of the growing number of users by using cutting edge technologies. Different characteristics of 5G mobile communication technology and its key requirements as given by its basis ITU (International Telecommunication Union) have been explored. This paper discusses the basic understanding of the key enabling technologies of the 5G network. Furthermore, it also focuses on the different applications of 5G wireless communication and throws light upon the challenges which are lying ahead in the development of the 5G era.
Hybrid ANFIS-PID Based MPPT Controller for a Solar PV System with Electric Vehicle Load
Authors: Pareek Shashank , Kaur Tarlochan
Published: January 2021

Solar photovoltaic (SPV) system is emerging as one of the most popular sustainable technologies, especially for generating electricity. The efficiency of the photovoltaic system may be substantially increased by using maximum power point tracker (MPPT). Most of the existing MPPT algorithms suffer from the drawback of being slow in tracking, due to which the utilization efficiency of SPV is reduced. This paper deals with the issues of MPPT techniques by means of a new model of an adaptive PID controller that is based on ANFIS. This helps achieve the maximized output of DC pump in terms of the speed. Further the propose controller is applied for Electrical Vehicle (EV) to determine its performance. A significant number of approaches have been designed to attain maximum power point from the solar based pump. To this end ANFIS is utilized to maximize the performance as it is an intelligent system. However, some drawbacks are observed in this system that raises the need of a novel model. Thus, in this paper, a technique is designed in which PID controller is introduced and amalgamation of ANFIS and PID makes the working of MPPT better. Also, the designed model is tested for the electrical vehicle (EV).MATLAB software is used for simulation, and results show that the designed model has the capacity to increase the motor speed as well as the state of charge (SOC) in the EV as it generates high voltage and thus consequently results in high speed for both the cases. The outcome of ANFIS based PID controller outperformed the effectiveness of the existing pump as it effectively increased the speed of pump at different irradiances conditions because it has high power extraction capability than the existing one.
IoT Based Underwater Robot for Water Quality Monitoring
Authors: Gupta S , Kohli M , Kumar R , Bandral S
Published: January 2021

With the rising population in India, an increase in requirement of fresh water for agricultural, industrial and other purposes is being witnessed. As such fresh water management has become the need of the hour. In this model automated evaluation of water quality such as its ph value, turbidity and temperature is done. For underwater communication, ESP32 is being used because of its inbuilt Wi-Fi and low power consumption. Machine to Machine communication (i.e. devices communicating with each other and accordingly processing the data efficiently), pH sensor and turbidity meter have been integrated in developing this IoT based project. Adding to this, machine understanding algorithm using K Means has been used in analyzing the water quality based on predefined standards. This project has been developed as a small prototype consisting of low-cost embedded devices such as ESP32, Arduino Uno.
An Efficient Design of Binary to Gray Code Binary Converter using QCA
Authors: Bhamra K S , Joshi G , Kumar N
Published: January 2021

An upcoming Quantum Dot Cellular Automata (QCA) technology promises the incomparable compactness, high-speed operation and the features of ultralow-power utilization. In QCA, fault-tolerance is a significant feature to be considered in order to explore and manufacture quantum dots. For the reason of its high density and its inbuilt substantial properties. In this paper, the QCA based 2-bit, 3-bit, 4-bit, and 5-bit gray code converter have been proposed. The proposed converter designs reduce the number of cells (57.5% for 2-bit, 62.19% for 3-bit, 64.28% for 4-bit) and area (50% for 2-bit, 63.63% for 3-bit and 53.33% for 4bit) as compared to the earlier existing circuit, and also design a 5-bit converter. An integrated parameter, Area Utilization Factor (AUF) is also calculated for all the designs.
Design and Analysis of Exhaust System for Ultra-fuel Efficient Vehicles
Authors: Varun Ram G , Nithesh Sharan G , Praveen Kumar T , Tanish P
Published: January 2021

Exhaust systems for Internal Combustion (I.C) engines have been finding their significance in the performance of an engine from its inception. One of the detrimental factors for the performance of exhaust is the amount of backpressure building through the flow. This study focuses on reducing backpressure occurring in the exhaust and increasing the ease of manufacturability for a 50 cm3 single cylinder Spark Ignition (S.I.) engine used in an ultra-fuel efficient vehicle. The flow of the exhaust gases from the engine are analyzed with the help of ram induction theory. Computational Fluid Dynamics has been employed to facilitate the study of turbulent flow in the exhaust and obtain results close to a streamlined flow. Parameters such as dimensions, operating pressures and velocities are calculated to understand the flow characteristics. The results strengthen the bilateral scopes of study here being, smooth flow of exhaust gases and greater manufacturability. The bend and end cone angles are defined in such a way that the wastage of material is least and complexity of the geometry is moderate. The exhaust has been designed keeping the chassis and engine complacency constraints in concern. The results of this study can be useful in manufacturing and integration with light gasoline engines, but of the same orientation as the one discussed here, for prototyping purposes.
Robust anti-spoofing techniques for fingerprint liveness detection: A Survey
Authors: Habib A , Selwal A
Published: January 2021

The Presentation attacks on biometric systems have become a major concern in the cyber world. The literature reveals that these systems are vulnerable to spoofing or presentation attacks (PAs) which sometimes result in complete failure of the recognition system. To combat against PAs, the anti-spoofing or Presentation attack detection (PAD) methods have been developed to check the liveness of the fingerprint modality. However, with the emergence of artificial intelligence, several software-based countermeasures have been proposed by the research community. Depending on the type feature extraction mechanism the PAD techniques are categorized into two main types namely; Machine learning (ML) and Deep Learning (DL) based approaches. This paper aims to present a review of existing work on the fingerprint PAD mechanism which has been carried out. The paper discusses the various fingerprint artifacts, state-of-the-art ML and DL based PAD algorithms, and publically available benchmark datasets. Furthermore, we discuss the major research challenges and future work that need to be addressed in this active field of fingerprint liveness detection.
Design Improvements in Multi-sectional HFCG using Time-varying Skin Depth
Authors: Gautam Rajat , Chanana Saurabh
Published: January 2021

Two-dimensional (2D) modelling procedure uses a filamentary-mesh approach and the dynamic matrix concept which are used in Helical Flux Compression Generator (HFCG) design. Although 2D modelling offer results which have been verified experimentally, yet none of the existing 2D-codes include the effect on skin depth that are caused from the high variation of current in very short duration of time. In most published codes, the formula that is used, provides simply a steady-state approximation of the skin depth. The influence of skin depth is represented approximately by using a static expression where frequency is assumed constant. This paper describes a new tactic by using a dynamic time-varying expression for skin depth, which is implemented for use with an existing 2D model. It is shown that effect of high change in current on skin effect is significant than those predicted by the constant skin depth formula.