bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Planning and Design Responses to Urban Sound—Learning from and Listening to Cities and Turning Knowledge into Sound-Aware Practice
Authors: Maag Trond , Gisladottir Arnthrudur
Published: October 2024

People, buildings, open spaces and the urban morphology and infrastructure all contribute to the everyday sound in which we live in our cities. Although sound has a crucial role in quality of life, established practices around environmental noise management and attempts to promote sound quality often fall short of adequately addressing and involving sound in urbanism and environmental design. We will guide the reader through different ways of approaching the everyday sound and explore opportunities to integrate knowledge about environmental sounds into various planning contexts and disciplines to better align with existing, sometimes non-sound-related, planning and design steps. By balancing differentiated approaches, including formal planning procedures and experiences from everyday urban life, the sound in the city could play a more articulated role in urbanism and environmental design practice and ultimately contribute to enjoyable places and cities.
The gauge coupling evolutions of an SU(8) theory with the maximally symmetry breaking pattern
Authors: Chen Ning , Hou Zhanpeng , Mao Ying-nan , Teng Zhaolong
Published: October 2024

Abstract

We study the renormalizable group equations (RGEs) of the extended strong and weak gauge couplings in an SU(8) theory, where three-generational SM fermions are non-trivially embedded. This framework was previously found to generate the observed SM quark/lepton mass hierarchies and the Cabibbo-Kobayashi-Maskawa mixing pattern through its maximally breaking pattern. The field theoretical two-loop RGEs can not achieve the gauge coupling unification with the minimal setup, unless additional adjoint Higgs fields as well as the gravity-induced d = 5 term to the SU(8) field strength term are included.
Revisiting Brownian SYK and its possible relations to de Sitter
Authors: Milekhin Alexey , Xu Jiuci
Published: October 2024

Abstract

We revisit Brownian Sachdev-Ye-Kitaev model and argue that it has emergent energy conservation overlooked in the literature before. We solve this model in the double-scaled regime and demonstrate hyperfast scrambling, exponential decay of correlation functions, bounded spectrum and unexpected factorization of higher-point functions. We comment on how these results are related to de Sitter holography.
Superpolynomial period lengths of the winning positions in the subtraction game
Authors: Miklós István , Post Logan
Published: October 2024

Given a finite set of positive integers, A, and starting with a heap of n chips, Alice and Bob alternate turns and on each turn a player chooses

$$x\in A$$

x
∈
A

with x less than or equal to the current number of chips and subtract x chips from the heap. The game terminates when the current number of chips becomes smaller than

$$\min \{A\}$$

min
{
A
}

and no moves are possible. The player who makes the last move is the winner. We define

$$w^A(n)$$

w
A

(
n
)

to be 1 if Alice has a winning strategy with a starting heap of n chips and 0 if Bob has a winning strategy. By the Pigeonhole Principle,

$$w^A(n)$$

w
A

(
n
)

becomes periodic, and it is easy to see that the period length is at most an exponential function of

$$\max \{A\}$$

max
{
A
}

. The typical period length is a linear function of

$$\max \{A\}$$

max
{
A
}

, and it is a long time open question if exponential period length is possible. We consider a slight modification of this game by introducing an iitial seed S that tells for the few initial numbers of chips whether the current or the opposite player is the winner, and the game ends when the first such position is achieved. In this paper we show that the initial seed cannot change the period length of

$$w^A(n)$$

w
A

(
n
)

if the size of A is 1 or 2, but it can change the period length with

$$|A|\ge 3$$

|
A
|
≥
3

. Further, we exhibit a class of sets A of size 3 and corresponding initial seeds such that the period length becomes a superpolynomial function of

$$\max \{A\}$$

max
{
A
}

.
Taxing versus subsidizing debt under financial frictions
Authors: Schabert Andreas
Published: October 2024

We examine optimal credit market policies in two models with durables/capital as collateral. Pecuniary externalities rationalize ex-ante debt taxes as macroprudential regulation, achieving constrained efficiency. Ex-post debt subsidies can implement first-best by stimulating collateral demand. Due to the same effect, debt subsidies that are constant over time can be superior to debt taxes. Saving subsidies can further enhance efficiency by addressing distributive effects of pecuniary externalities via interest rate reductions. The analysis shows that debt-increasing subsidies can outperform macroprudential regulation, and that constrained inefficiency caused by collateral externalities is insufficient to establish debt taxes as optimal credit market policies.
Labeled four cycles and the $K(\pi ,1)$-conjecture for Artin groups
Authors: Huang Jingyin
Published: October 2024

We show that for a large class of Artin groups with Dynkin diagrams being a tree, the $K(\pi ,1)$
K
(
π
,
1
)
-conjecture holds. We also establish the $K(\pi ,1)$
K
(
π
,
1
)
-conjecture for another class of Artin groups whose Dynkin diagrams contain a cycle, which applies to some Artin groups whose Dynkin diagrams are of hyperbolic type. This is based on a new approach to the $K(\pi ,1)$
K
(
π
,
1
)
-conjecture for Artin groups.
Palliative Care Referral Patterns and Implications for Standardization in Cardiac ICU
Authors: Madni Arshia , Matheson Jocelyn , Linz Amanda , Dalgo Austin , Siddique Rumana , Merlocco Anthony
Published: October 2024

Evidence suggests that pediatric palliative care involvement (PPC) is beneficial to medically complex patients. Historically, PPC involvement has been overlooked or delayed and varies by institution but PPC awareness has increased in cardiovascular ICUs (CVICU) and so we investigated frequency and timeliness of PPC referral for patients dying in ICU. Retrospective study of pediatric cardiac patients experiencing death in ICU to review PPC presence and timing of initial PPC, most recent PPC, and interventions, therapies, CPR, and presence of do-not-resuscitate DNR discussion. Fifty-four patients died during a 5-year period aged 11d–17y (54% male). PPC involvement occurred in 40/54 (74%). Of those patients without PPC, the Center to Advance Palliative Care (CAPC) guidelines would have supported PPC in 11/14 (79%). DNR discussion was more likely in PPC patients (63% vs 14%; p = 0.0011), though often only on DOD. Comparing prior to DOD, PPC patients were still more likely to have DNR discussion (55% vs 0%; p = 0.0003). PPC patients were no less likely to have CPR on DOD (28% vs 43%, p = 0.29). PPC occurred frequently in patients experiencing death in CVICU. However, frequently the initial PPC occurred within a week or day of death. Patients without PPC would often qualify under published guidelines. Standardization, timing, and patient identification for PPC will expand efficacy in CVICU.
Hybrid cardiovascular imaging. A clinical consensus statement of the european association of nuclear medicine (EANM) and the european association of cardiovascular imaging (EACVI) of the ESC
Authors: Caobelli Federico , Dweck Marc R. , Albano Domenico , Gheysens Olivier , Georgoulias Panagiotis , Nekolla Stephan , Lairez Olivier , Leccisotti Lucia , Lubberink Marc , Massalha Samia , Nappi Carmela , Rischpler Christoph , Saraste Antti , Hyafil Fabien
Published: October 2024

Hybrid imaging consists of a combination of two or more imaging modalities, which equally contribute to image information. To date, hybrid cardiovascular imaging can be performed by either merging images acquired on different scanners, or with truly hybrid PET/CT and PET/MR scanners. The European Association of Nuclear Medicine (EANM), and the European Association of Cardiovascular Imaging (EACVI) of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) aim to review clinical situations that may benefit from the use of hybrid cardiac imaging and provide advice on acquisition protocols providing the most relevant information to reach diagnosis in various clinical situations.
Treatment regimens for laryngeal and hypopharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma: a “real life” multicenter study of 2307 patients
Authors: Knopf Andreas , Ketterer Manuel Christoph , Hoffmann Thomas K. , Laban Simon , Berghaus Alexander , Canis Martin , Jacobi Christian , Klussmann Jens Peter , Föringer Wendelin , Laszig Roland , Pfeiffer Jens , Bier Henning
Published: October 2024

Objective

This retrospective multicenter study aimed to evaluate surgical versus conservative treatment in patients with hypopharyngeal and laryngeal cancer under real world conditions.

Methods

This study included 2307 patients diagnosed with hypopharyngeal or laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) in five German tertiary head and neck centers between 01/2004 and 12/2014. Overall, 783 patients with advanced SCC consecutively underwent laryng(opharyng)ectomy (L(P)E). Patient chart data regarding age, sex, tumor location, TNM status, grading, indication for L(P)E, treatment modalities, R status, postoperative complications, and hospitalization time were analyzed. Patients with lacking data and incomplete staging and those who refused treatment or did not comply with the recommended treatment were excluded from survival analysis.

Results

A slight but significant increase was observed in L(P)E, referring to an increasing rate of tumor recurrence. While T1/2N0M0 laryngeal and hypopharyngeal cancer patients showed comparable overall survival (OS) for surgical and conservative treatment, surgery showed significantly better OS in lymph node-positive individuals and locally advanced tumor stages. Tumor recurrence occurred in more than one-third of the cases. In particular, in early glottic cancer recurrence, L(P)E represents a curative and safe treatment option, whereas in supraglottic and hypopharyngeal cancer, L(P)E was associated with reduced survival rates. Notably, 36% of patients with supraglottic cancer and 59% of patients with hypopharyngeal cancer recurrence could only be treated with palliative care.

Conclusion

Comparable survival rates were demonstrated for cT1/2N0M0 laryngeal and hypopharyngeal SCC compared with primary chemo-/radiotherapy and larynx-preserving surgery. Better OS was achieved after surgery in nodal-positive patients and in those with locally advanced disease. Tumor recurrence should be anticipated in up to 39% of cases. Glottic cancer recurrence can be successfully and safely treated with L(P)E, whereas OS is reduced in hypopharyngeal cancer and possibly in supraglottic cancer.
Health-related quality of life and supportive care needs in young adult cancer survivors—a longitudinal population-based study
Authors: Wide Alexandra , Ahlgren Johan , Smedby Karin E. , Hellman Kristina , Henriksson Roger , Ståhl Olof , Lampic Claudia , Wettergren Lena
Published: October 2024

Purpose

To examine health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and supportive care needs among young adult (YA) cancer survivors up to 3 years post-diagnosis.

Methods

A national cohort of individuals diagnosed at 18–39 years with breast, cervical, ovarian, or testicular cancer, lymphoma or brain tumor was approached with surveys at 1.5 (n = 1010, response rate 67%) and 3 (n = 722) years post-diagnosis. HRQoL was measured using the EORTC QLQ-C30. Scores were dichotomized using cut-off scores to predict supportive care needs in the Supportive Care Needs Survey-Long Form 59 (SCNS-LF59). Swedish cancer quality registers provided clinical data. Factors predicting need of support at 1.5 and 3 years post-diagnosis were identified using logistic regression.

Results

HRQoL improvements over time were trivial to small. At both time points, a majority of respondents rated HRQoL levels indicating supportive care needs. At 1.5 years post-diagnosis, the risk of having support needs was lower among survivors with testicular cancer (compared to lymphoma) or university-level education, and higher among those on treatment (predominantly endocrine therapy). At 3 years post-diagnosis, when controlling for previous HRQoL scores, most correlations persisted, and poor self-rated household economy and chronic health conditions were additionally associated with supportive care needs.

Conclusion

A majority of YAs diagnosed with cancer rate HRQoL at levels indicating support needs up to 3 years post-diagnosis. Testicular cancer survivors are at lower risk of having support needs. Concurrent health conditions and poor finances are linked to lower HRQoL. More efforts are needed to provide adequate, age-appropriate support to YA cancer survivors.
Sustainability nexus AID: infrastructure resilience
Authors: Erfani Tohid , Naeini Mohammad Mortazavi , Borgomeo Edoardo , Anvari Mehrnaz , Hurford Anthony , Erfani Rasool , Zarei Azin , Matin Mir A. , Madani Kaveh
Published: October 2024

Infrastructure resilience advanced through nexus thinking is pivotal for societies to handle disruptions and ensure sustainable functionality. This interconnected approach understands infrastructure as an interdependent complex system and enables cooperative planning to achieve resilience. However, challenges like data inadequacy, financial limitations and governance issues impede its adoption, especially in developing regions. The United Nations University (UNU) Sustainability Nexus Analytics, Informatics and Data (AID) Programme strives to promote integrated resource management for sustainable development and fulfilling the UN 2030 Agenda. Through its Infrastructure Resilience Module, the initiative provides tools, data platforms and localised capacity building to empower professionals and communities for evidence-based, collaborative decision-making accounting for intersectoral relationships. By supporting context-specific analytical capabilities, bridging data gaps, and governance silos, the programme aims to pave the way for resilient and sustainable infrastructure development, particularly across vulnerable regions in the Global South, which face disproportionate infrastructure service disruptions.
Conversion surgery for esophageal and esophagogastric junction cancer
Authors: Shoji Yoshiaki , Kanamori Kohei , Koyanagi Kazuo , Otsuka Tetsuya , Nakashima Rie , Tajima Kohei , Ogimi Mika , Ninomiya Yamato , Yamamoto Miho , Kazuno Akihito , Nishi Takayuki , Mori Masaki
Published: October 2024

As a result of the recent advances in first-line treatment including chemotherapy, radiation therapy, targeted therapy, and immune checkpoint inhibitor immunotherapy (ICI) for locally advanced/metastatic initially unresectable esophageal and esophagogastric junction cancer, surgery aiming at cure after initial treatment, so-called “conversion surgery” has become more common in this field. Several studies have indicated encouraging survival outcomes for patients after conversion surgery with R0 resection. However, various issues, such the utility and the safety of conversion surgery remain unclear. In this review, we will focus on the surgical treatment for initially unresectable esophageal and esophagogastric junction cancer after first- or later- line treatment and review recent evidence regarding the safety and the efficacy of conversion surgery. Multidisciplinary treatment including surgery may serve as a novel treatment strategy for esophageal and esophagogastric junction cancer, thus provide a curative treatment option and potentially contribute to better prognosis for initially untreatable diseases.
Interaction between Brenneria goodwinii and Phytophthora species on young Quercus robur seedlings
Authors: Tkaczyk Miłosz , Sikora Katarzyna
Published: October 2024

The decline of oak stands is a globally recognised phenomenon. Among the causing factors, the most frequently mentioned are pathogens of the genus Phytophthora and bacteria associated with the phenomenon of acute oak dieback. The aim of the study was to conduct a pathogenicity trials on three-year-old English oak seedlings using isolates of Brenneria goodwinii and two different Phytophthora spp. (P. quercina and P. plurivora) isolated from declining oaks in south-west Poland in the area of the so-called Krotoszyn Plateau. The analyses carried out showed that there were no statistically significant differences in the development of the bacteria on the trunks of the inoculated trees and the length of the lesions was 0.93 cm on average. The analyses of roots inoculated with pathogens of the genus Phytophthora showed statistically significant differences in all six parameters analysed. In the multiple comparison test, significant differences were found in the control plants, which always differed significantly from the variant in which Phytophthora was inoculated. The highest root loss was observed in the treatment inoculated with both B. goodwinii and P. quercina, and the length of both fine and total roots was about twice as short compared to the ungrafted control. The first symptoms related to the decline of the plant condition (discoloration and wilting of the leaves) were also observed after treatment with B. goodwinii + P. quercina. These results suggest that the combination of both factors contributes to greater damage, but further studies are needed to clarify the interaction between B. goodwinii and Phytophthora spp. in oak dieback.
Novel Bioreactor Design for Non-invasive Longitudinal Monitoring of Tissue-Engineered Heart Valves in 7T MRI and Ultrasound
Authors: Mohapatra Saurav Ranjan , Rama Elena , Werner Maximillian P. , Call Tobias , Loewenberg Tanja , Loewen Alexander , Apel Christian , Kiessling Fabian , Jockenhoevel Stefan
Published: October 2024

The development of cardiovascular implants is abundant, yet their clinical adoption remains a significant challenge in the treatment of valvular diseases. Tissue-engineered heart valves (TEHV) have emerged as a promising solution due to their remodeling capabilities, which have been extensively studied in recent years. However, ensuring reproducible production and clinical translation of TEHV requires robust longitudinal monitoring methods.

Cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a non-invasive, radiation-free technique providing detailed valvular imaging and functional assessment. To facilitate this, we designed a state-of-the-art metal-free bioreactor enabling dynamic MRI and ultrasound imaging. Our compact bioreactor, tailored to fit a 72 mm bore 7 T MRI coil, features an integrated backflow design ensuring MRI compatibility. A pneumatic drive system operates the bioreactor, minimizing potential MRI interference. The bioreactor was digitally designed and constructed using polymethyl methacrylate, utilizing only polyether ether ketone screws for secure fastening. Our biohybrid TEHV incorporates a non-degradable polyethylene terephthalate textile scaffold with fibrin matrix hydrogel and human arterial smooth muscle cells.

As a result, the bioreactor was successfully proven to be MRI compatible, with no blooming artifacts detected. The dynamic movement of the TEHVs was observed using gated MRI motion artifact compensation and ultrasound imaging techniques. In addition, the conditioning of TEHVs in the bioreactor enhanced ECM production. Immunohistology demonstrated abundant collagen, α-smooth muscle actin, and a monolayer of endothelial cells throughout the valve cusp. Our innovative methodology provides a physiologically relevant environment for TEHV conditioning and development, enabling accurate monitoring and assessment of functionality, thus accelerating clinical acceptance.
Contemporary approaches in matheuristics an updated survey
Authors: Boschetti Marco Antonio , Maniezzo Vittorio
Published: October 2024

Matheuristics are problem independent frameworks that use mathematical programming tools to obtain high quality heuristic solutions. They are structurally general enough to be applied to different problems with little adaptation to their abstract structure, so they can be considered as new or hybrid metaheuristics based on components derived from the mathematical model of the problems of interest. In this survey, we emphasize the mathematical tools and describe how they can be used to design heuristics. We focus on mixed-integer linear programming and report representative examples from the literature of how it has been used for effective heuristic optimization. References to contributions to matheuristics deriving from neighboring research areas such as Artificial Intelligence or Quantum Computing are also included. We conclude with some ideas for possible future developments. This paper extends an original version published in 4OR with new sections on CMSA, Incremental Core, AI hybrids and Quantum Heuristics, and includes references to several recent publications.
A Multi-Method Approach for the Identification of Social Functioning Profiles in Autistic Adolescents and Young Adults Without Intellectual Disability
Authors: Husmann Julie , Feller Clémence , Ilen Laura , Schneider Maude
Published: October 2024

Given the diverse nature of the autism spectrum and the complex, context-dependent nature of Social Functioning (SF), this study aims to delineate profiles of SF in young people with autism. Using a multi-method approach, it aims to gain a comprehensive understanding of social difficulties in people with ASD. This study also examines the co-occurrence of mental health issues within these profiles, which can exacerbate social impairments. This understanding is essential for designing interventions and support systems tailored to the specific needs of people with ASD. 49 autistic individuals aged 12 to 30, without intellectual disability were recruited. A combination of measures was used to thoroughly assess SF. Latent profile analysis was employed to identify distinct profiles of social functioning. A control group of 60 non-autistic people served as a reference for these profiles. Mental health difficulties were evaluated through clinical interviews and questionnaires. Two profiles of SF were identified, illustrating two ways of managing the cost of social interactions. Compared to controls, one was more socially withdrawn, spending more time alone, while the other spent a similar amount of time alone but interacted less with others. A different prevalence of mental health problems was observed within these profiles. This study highlighted two SF profiles in young people with ASD, revealing different approaches to managing social interactions. These results show that people with ASD do not have uniform strengths and difficulties of SF, and that mental health problems exert a significant influence on different aspects of SF.
Outcomes of leadless pacemaker implantation in the United States based on sex
Authors: Khan Muhammad Zia , Alyami Bandar , Alruwaili Waleed , Nguyen Amanda T. , Mendez Melody , Leon William E. , Devera Justin , Hayat Hafiz Muhammad Sohaib , Naveed Abdullah , Asad Zain Ul Abideen , Agarwal Siddharth , Balla Sudarshan , Darden Douglas , Munir Muhammad Bilal
Published: October 2024

Background

To determine differences in baseline characteristics and outcomes of leadless pacemaker implantation based on sex.

Methods

For the purpose of this study, data were extracted from the National Inpatient Sample database for years 2016–2020. The study group was then stratified based on sex. Baseline characteristics and in-hospital outcomes including complications were then analyzed in each group. Multivariable logistic regression models were created to analyze the association of sex with important outcomes of mortality, major complications (defined as pericardial effusion requiring intervention and any vascular complication), prolonged length of stay (defined as > 6 days), and increased cost of hospitalization (defined as median cost > 34,098$) after leadless pacemaker implantation.

Results

A total of 29,000 leadless pacemakers (n in women = 12,960, 44.7%) were implanted during our study period. Women were found to have an increased burden of co-morbidities as compared to men. In the adjusted analysis, the likelihood of mortality (aOR 1.27, 95% CI 1.14–1.43), major complications (aOR 1.07, 95% CI 0.98–1.18), prolonged length of stay (aOR 1.09, 95% CI 1.04–1.15), and increased hospitalization cost (aOR 1.14, 95% CI 1.08–1.20) were higher in women as compared to men after leadless pacemaker implantation.

Conclusion

Important and significant differences exist in leadless pacemaker implantation in women as compared to men. These findings highlight the need for evaluating etiologies behind such differences with a goal of improving outcomes in all patients after leadless pacemaker implantation.

Graphical Abstract
Has the real rate of return “depreciated”?
Authors: Dalgaard Carl-Johan , Olsen Morten
Published: October 2024

The average depreciation rate in the United States has increased since the 1970s, a pattern most likely matched in other advanced economies. We argue that a higher depreciation rate has reduced the risk-free interest rate. We do so in a quantitative overlapping-generations model which allows for risk-premia and market power. We show that the importance of the rate of depreciation on the risk-free interest rate depends crucially on the elasticity of intertemporal substitution as well as the size of market power. Our calibrated model shows that higher depreciation plausibly reduced the risk-free rate by 30 basis points over the past half century. We contrast our results with models using a representative-agent framework (Farhi and Gourio in Accounting for macro-finance trends: market power, intangibles, and risk premia. Brookings papers on economic activity, 147, 2019) which typically do not find a role for the rate of depreciation.
Self-Calibrating Stress Measurement System Based on Multidirectional Barkhausen Noise Measurements
Authors: Piotrowski Leszek , Chmielewski Marek
Published: October 2024

The system presented in this paper enables automatization of the two-dimensional calibration process (determination of Barkhausen noise (BN) intensity dependence on in-plane components of strain). Then, using dedicated software created by the authors in LabVIEW environment, and with the help of two dimensional calibration data one can effectively determine strain and stress distribution i.e. magnitude and orientation of main strain/stress components relative to measurement direction. BN signal measurements are performed using an advanced, multidirectional Barkhausen noise (BN) measuring sensor and a measurement system dedicated for cooperation with it. The system uses a robust algorithm for the strain components determination based on calibration surfaces, instead of usually applied curves, thus taking the influence of normal strain component directly into account instead of treating it as a correction factor (if not completely neglecting). The originality of the system arises also from the fact that this is the first BN measurement system that is self-calibrating (i.e. automatically loads the calibration sample in a pre-programmed way, performs BN signal measurements and calculates calibration planes), provided that the user possesses enough of the investigated material for calibration sample preparation.
Enhancing Network Threat Detection with Random Forest-Based NIDS and Permutation Feature Importance
Authors: Abdelaziz Mohammed Tarek , Radwan Abdelrahman , Mamdouh Hesham , Saad Adel Saeed , Abuzaid Abdulrahman Salem , AbdElhakeem Ahmed Ayman , Zakzouk Salma , Moussa Kareem , Darweesh M. Saeed
Published: October 2024

Network Intrusion Detection Systems (NIDS) are critical for protecting computer networks from unauthorized activities. Traditional NIDS rely on rule-based signatures, which can be limiting in detecting emerging threats. This study investigates the effectiveness of the random forest classifier in advancing NIDS capabilities through machine learning. Using the CICIDS-2017 dataset, the data are preprocessed to enhance their quality by removing redundancies. feature selection and permutation importance were employed to identify the most relevant features. The methodology involves rigorous testing and analysis of the random forest classifier’s performance, focusing on f1-score rates compared to other machine learning models. Results demonstrate that by optimizing class weights, applying a custom prediction function and leveraging 26 key features, the random forest classifier achieves an outstanding 99.8% in the weighted f1-score and 93.31% in the macro f1-score in various attack types. This research highlights the potential of machine learning to significantly enhance NIDS effectiveness, offering a robust defense mechanism against evolving cybersecurity threats in modern networks.
Analytical Survival Analysis of the Non-autonomous Ornstein–Uhlenbeck Process
Authors: Giorgini L. T. , Moon W. , Wettlaufer J. S.
Published: October 2024

The survival probability for a periodic non-autonomous Ornstein–Uhlenbeck process is calculated analytically using two different methods. The first uses an asymptotic approach. We treat the associated Kolmogorov Backward Equation with an absorbing boundary by dividing the domain into an interior region, centered around the origin, and a “boundary layer” near the absorbing boundary. In each region we determine the leading-order analytical solutions, and construct a uniformly valid solution over the entire domain using asymptotic matching. In the second method we examine the integral relationship between the probability density function and the mean first passage time probability density function. These allow us to determine approximate analytical forms for the exit rate. The validity of the solutions derived from both methods is assessed numerically, and we find the asymptotic method to be superior.
Dynamics of a knuckle crane carrying a load subjected to wind pressure
Authors: Urbaś Andrzej , Stadnicki Jacek
Published: October 2024

The paper presents the authors’ model of a knuckle crane offshore type that takes into account the flexibility of boom and drives, which is used to analyze the effect of constant wind pressure or cyclical gusts on the dynamics of the crane and the load. The mathematical model of the crane is derived using a formalism of joint coordinates, homogeneous transformation matrices, and Lagrange equations. Using this model, the influence of wind pressure on the torques and forces in the crane drives and on the accuracy of load positioning is investigated. The results show that the influence of wind on the accuracy of load positioning should not be assessed by limiting the observation to the movement of its gravity center but by observing the movement of characteristic points, the corners of the load. Root mean squared (RMS) indicators are used to quantitatively assess this impact on the driving torque and forces, and appropriate indicators are proposed to assess the accuracy of load positioning.
Heat stress causes chromatin accessibility and related gene expression changes in crown tissues of barley (Hordeum vulgare)
Authors: Kiełbowicz-Matuk Agnieszka , Smaczniak Cezary , Mikołajczak Krzysztof , Kuczyńska Anetta , Xu Xiaocai , Braeuning Caroline , Krajewski Paweł
Published: October 2024

Plant responses to stress caused by high temperatures involve changes occurring at the molecular, metabolic, and physiological levels. Understanding the mechanisms by which plants recognize signals to activate this response is a prerequisite for identifying key genes and signaling pathways and for obtaining heat-tolerant plants. We demonstrated the first implementation of an assay for transposase-accessible chromatin to identify open chromatin regions (OCRs) in crown tissues of barley using three genotypes carrying different allelic forms of the sdw1 gene encoding gibberellin 20-oxidase subjected to elevated temperatures. In parallel, we performed gene expression analysis, which allowed us to relate changes in chromatin state to changes in transcriptional activity. The obtained data revealed that the hypersensitive chromatin regions within the genes were more repeatable than those outside the gene intervals. We observed that prolonged exposure to high temperatures increased chromatin accessibility. Genes with OCRs in their regulatory regions were involved in stress signaling and tolerance, including calcium-dependent protein kinase, mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK3), receptor-like cytoplasmic kinase (RLK), TIFY domain-containing transcriptional regulator, bZIP transcription factor, and regulatory protein NPR1. The effect of genotype on gene expression was not as pronounced as that of temperature. By combining results from the differential analysis of chromatin accessibility and expression profiles, we identified genes with high temperature-induced changes in chromatin accessibility associated with expression alterations. Importantly, our data revealed a relationship between the loss of chromatin accessibility in response to heat and the downregulation of genes related to gibberellin signaling.
Wigner state and process tomography on near-term quantum devices
Authors: Devra Amit , Glaser Niklas J. , Huber Dennis , Glaser Steffen J.
Published: October 2024

We present an experimental scanning-based tomography approach for near-term quantum devices. The underlying method has previously been introduced in an ensemble-based NMR setting. Here we provide a tutorial-style explanation along with suitable software tools to guide experimentalists in its adaptation to near-term pure-state quantum devices. The approach is based on a Wigner-type representation of quantum states and operators. These representations provide a rich visualization of quantum operators using shapes assembled from a linear combination of spherical harmonics. These shapes (called droplets in the following) can be experimentally tomographed by measuring the expectation values of rotated axial tensor operators. We present an experimental framework for implementing the scanning-based tomography technique for circuit-based quantum computers and showcase results from IBM quantum experience. We also present a method for estimating the density and process matrices from experimentally tomographed Wigner functions (droplets). This tomography approach can be directly implemented using the Python-based software package .
Development of the Pulmonary Embolism Progression (PEP) score for predicting short-term clinical deterioration in intermediate-risk pulmonary embolism: a single-center retrospective study
Authors: Ehret Jane , Wakefield Dorothy , Badlam Jessica , Antkowiak Maryellen , Erdreich Brett
Published: October 2024

Accurate risk stratification in acute intermediate-risk pulmonary embolism (PE) is essential. Current prediction scores lack the ability to forecast impending clinical decline. The Pulmonary Embolism Progression (PEP) score aims to predict short-term clinical deterioration (respiratory failure or hemodynamic instability within 72 h) in patients with intermediate-risk PE. This single-center retrospective cohort study analyzed patients with intermediate PE. The outcome of interest was respiratory failure or hemodynamic instability within 72 h. A multivariate logistic regression identified five predictive variables for the final PEP score: use of > 4 L/min of supplemental oxygen above baseline, lactate > 2.0 mmol/L, high-sensitivity cardiac troponin T (hs-cTnT) > 40 ng/L, tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion (TAPSE) < 13 mm, and the combination of central and subsegmental clot. The derivation cohort included 117 patients, and the validation cohort included 70 patients. The area under the receiver operating characteristic (AUROC) curve for the derivation cohort was 0.8671 (95% CI: 0.7946, 0.9292), and for the validation cohort, it was 0.9264 (95% CI: 0.8680, 0.9847). A PEP score of 4 points yielded the highest combination of sensitivity (93%) and specificity (65%). Each incremental point increase in the PEP score raised the probability of clinical deterioration by a factor of 1.933. The PEP score is a reliable tool for predicting the likelihood of clinical deterioration in intermediate-risk PE patients within 72 h, potentially aiding in timely clinical decision-making and improving patient outcomes.

Graphical abstract
Neural Vector Fields for Implicit Surface Representation and Inference
Authors: Mello Rella Edoardo , Chhatkuli Ajad , Konukoglu Ender , Van Gool Luc
Published: October 2024

Neural implicit fields have recently shown increasing success in representing, learning and analysis of 3D shapes. Signed distance fields and occupancy fields are still the preferred choice of implicit representations with well-studied properties, despite their restriction to closed surfaces. With neural networks, unsigned distance fields as well as several other variations and training principles have been proposed with the goal to represent all classes of shapes. In this paper, we develop a novel and yet a fundamental representation considering unit vectors in 3D space and call it Vector Field (VF). At each point in $$\mathbb {R}^3$$

R

3

, VF is directed to the closest point on the surface. We theoretically demonstrate that VF can be easily transformed to surface density by computing the flux density. Unlike other standard representations, VF directly encodes an important physical property of the surface, its normal. We further show the advantages of VF representation, in learning open, closed, or multi-layered surfaces. We show that, thanks to the continuity property of the neural optimization with VF, a separate distance field becomes unnecessary for extracting surfaces from the implicit field via Marching Cubes. We compare our method on several datasets including ShapeNet where the proposed new neural implicit field shows superior accuracy in representing any type of shape, outperforming other standard methods. Codes are available at https://github.com/edomel/ImplicitVF.
New sesquiterpenes from the soft coral Litophyton arboreum
Authors: Mahmoud Amany Hamouda , Zidan Sabry A. H. , Samy Mamdouh Nabil , Alian Abdallah , Ibrahim Mahmoud A. A. , Fouad Mostafa Ahmed , Kamel Mohamed Salah , Matsunami Katsuyoshi
Published: October 2024

Two new sesquiterpenes; 8α,11-dihydroxy-β-cyperon (2), and 5-epi-7α-hydroxy-( +)-oplopanone (3), were isolated from the soft coral Litophyton arboreum, together with nine known ones, including five sesquiterpenes; 11-hydroxy-8-oxo-β-cyperon (1), alismoxide (4), 5β,8β-epidioxy-11-hydroxy-6-eudesmene (5), chabrolidione B (6), 7-oxo-tri-nor-eudesm-5-en-4β-ol (7), two sterols; 7β-acetoxy-24-methyl-cholesta-5,24(28)-diene-3β,19-diol (8), nebrosteroid M (9), and two glycerol derivatives; chimyl alcohol (10) and batyl alcohol (11). The structures of the isolated compounds were characterized using spectroscopic techniques, predominately HR-ESI–MS, 1D, 2D-NMR, and ECD analyses. Compounds 1–11 were evaluated for their cytotoxic activity against three human cancer-cell lines (A549, MCF-7 and HepG2), and anti-leishmanial potential against the causal parasite, Leishmania major. Compounds 4, 8, and 9 exhibited potent cytotoxic activity against the A549 cell line (IC50 = 17.0 ± 2.5, 13.5 ± 2.1, and 16.5 ± 1.3 μg/ml, respectively) as compared with the standard antitumor agent etoposide (IC50 28.4 ± 4.5 μg/ml). In addition, compound 9 exhibited remarkable cytotoxic activity against MCF-7 cell line (IC50 = 24.7 ± 2.1 μg/ml: 22.2 ± 4.2 μg/mL for etoposide).

Graphical abstract
Free surgery for CHD through philanthropy—a sustainable model?
Authors: Murthy Prabhatha Rashmi , Jandhyala Sowmya , Setty Shaun Prasanth , Chodagam Sreenivas
Published: October 2024

Among the multiple challenges faced by children from low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) with congenital heart disease (CHD), the economics of care remains foremost, contributing significantly to morbidity and mortality. This paper evaluates the four existing finance models available for healthcare systems and proposes a new model—the GIVE model (government, institutions and individuals, values, and engagements)—as the fifth model for global sustainable healthcare systems. The paper presents an evaluation of a chain of three paediatric cardiac hospitals in India to assess the sustainability of their philanthropy-based operational model, through which surgeries are offered completely free of cost to children with CHD. The three Sri Sathya Sai Sanjeevani Centres for Child Heart Care in India have been proponents of this philanthropic model for over a decade. From February 2013 to January 2024, 19,684 patients with CHD received surgeries at no cost. The average cost of surgery was reported to be USD (United States Dollar) 1800. A case study of one of the Sanjeevani Centres showed that 23.8% of patients were in STAT Category 3 and above, as defined by the Society of Thoracic Surgeons-European Association for Cardio-Thoracic Surgery, with an in-hospital mortality rate of 2.08%. The evaluation highlighted the institution’s numerous strategies to enable sustainability in key aspects of operations, economics, and social impact. Despite challenges, the Sai Sanjeevani philanthropic model, which encompasses both economic and social impact, is dependable and can be replicated. The proposed GIVE model is recommended for adoption by LMICs as a global way forward to enable free CHD surgeries through sustained philanthropy, strengthened by a shared vision and collaborations.
Social Networks within the City: Remaking the City through Movement and Collecting Materials in Johannesburg, South Africa
Authors: Rabbani Fehmida Qaddus , Wafer Alex , Moolla Raeesa
Published: October 2024

This study examines the dynamics of networks among informal recyclers in Fietas, Johannesburg, South Africa, focussing on how these networks embody their struggle for the "Right to the City." By observing informal recycling activities across various Johannesburg suburbs, the study highlights how recycling not only provides livelihoods for the unemployed but also allows marginalised groups to assert their presence and rights within the cityscape. Building upon Adama's (2012) analysis of urban livelihoods and social networks, this research explores the interactions and spatial practices of informal recyclers in Johannesburg. Informal recyclers develop connections with city stakeholders that demonstrate interdependencies crucial for their survival and claiming space within the city. These networks are vital for accessing resources such as recyclable waste, which provides essential needs like food and shelter. These everyday practices underscore the importance of social connections in building networks that sustain livelihoods and assert a right to belong in the city. The nature of these networks varies by location, policies, and social relations. Some are shaped by power dynamics and monopolies, while others reflect interdependence and mutual support. This paper argues that recognising these diverse networks is key to understanding how informal recyclers navigate the urban landscape. In line with Harvey's (2003) "Right to the City," these networks reflect efforts to reshape urban spaces to meet recyclers' needs, despite structural challenges. As Sung (2021) shows, hierarchies and power dynamics influence access to resources, highlighting the contested nature of urban life for informal recyclers.
Identification of chemically altered cut marks: an experimental approach from Geometrics Morphometrics
Authors: Rodríguez de la Fuente David , Courtenay Lloyd A. , Herranz-Rodrigo Darío , Yravedra Jose , Pineda Antonio
Published: October 2024

Cut marks are striae accidentally produced by the contact made between the edge of a cutting tool and bone surfaces by anthropogenic activity, presenting evidence of hominin carcass processing and behaviour, butchery activities or diet. Post-depositional processes can cause the alteration (chemical or mechanical) of bones surfaces, changing their composition and causing the modification of bone surfaces. Previous research has addressed the problem of chemical alteration from a qualitative perspective, resulting in the loss of all diagnostic characteristics of the cut marks affected by these processes. Geometrics Morphometrics has led to great progress in the study of cut marks from a quantitative perspective and can be useful for the study of altered cut marks. In this study, an experiment was carried out in which 36 cut marks were reproduced and chemically altered. These marks were scanned and digitized before and after each phase of alteration. They were analyzed metrically as well as using Geometric Morphometrics, in order to study the evolution of modifications to cut mark morphology during the experiment. Results show clear morphological differences between the different phases of alteration with altered cut marks presenting a general tendency towards a decrease in both the width and depth over time. Research of this type opens up a new path for the study of the chemical alteration of cut marks, as well as other striae, through the application of Geometric Morphometrics.
Effects of royalty payment on petroleum profit tax evasion: evidence from the Nigerian non-renewable energy sector
Authors: Ya’u Abba , Umar Mohammed Abdullahi , Saad Natrah , Rengasamy Dhanuskodi , Mustapha Umar Aliyu , Bala Hussaini
Published: October 2024

The impact of the tax regime on the non-renewable energy sector has been neglected in the current literature. The sector is reported to be at the heart of most oil and gas producing economies. Considering the immense contributions of this sector, the present study investigated the effects of royalty payments on petroleum profit tax evasion in Nigeria’s non-renewable energy sector. A survey, in the form of a questionnaire, was used to collect data from 312 oil and gas companies; while SPSS and PLS software were used to analyze the data. The results indicate that there is positive and significant relationship between tax rate, detection probability, and penalty, and petroleum profit tax evasion. Additionally, the result shows that there is a significantly negative relationship between royalty payment and petroleum profit tax evasion. The findings have significant policy implications for the non-renewable energy sector across the globe. The findings confirm the fact that higher tax rate, detection probability, and penalty, have a direct impact on petroleum tax evasion. The findings also call on policymakers to reconsider the level of royalty rates to a more reasonable level so as to reduce the extent of petroleum tax evasion among the oil and gas companies.
Femto-Laser Processed Metasurface With Fano Response: Applications to a High Performance Refractometric Sensor
Authors: Elshorbagy Mahmoud H. , San-Blas Alejandro , Sanchez-Brea Luis Miguel , Olaizola Santiago M. , del Hoyo Jesús , Soria-Garcia Angela , Andres-Porras Joaquin , Pastor-Villarrubia Verónica , Alda Javier
Published: October 2024

The practical development of compact modern nanophotonic devices relies on the availability of fast and low-cost fabrication techniques applicable to a wide variety of materials and designs. We have engraved a split grating geometry on stainless steel using femtosecond laser processing. This structure serves as a template to fabricate efficient plasmonic sensors, where a thick gold layer is grown conformally on it. The scanning electron microscope (SEM) images confirm the generation of the split laser-induced periodic spatial structures. The optical reflectance of our sensors shows two dips corresponding to the excitation of surface plasmon resonances (SPRs) at two different wavelengths. Furthermore, the asymmetric shape of these spectral responses reveals a strong and narrow Fano resonance. Our computational electromagnetism models accurately reproduce the reflectivity of the fabricated structure. The spectral responses of both the simulated and fabricated structures are fitted to the Fano model that coherently combines the narrow SPRs with the broad continuum background caused by diffraction. The parameters extracted from the fitting, such as the resonance wavelengths and line widths, are used to evaluate the performance of our device as a refractometric sensor for liquids. The maximum sensitivity and figure of merit are 880 nm/RIU and 80 RIU−1, respectively. Besides the compact design of our sensing device, its performance exceeds the theoretical maximum sensitivity of a classical Kretschmann setup.