bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
IMPACT OF MINIMALLY INVASIVE DECOMPRESSION SURGERY ON THE QUALITY OF LIFE OF PATIENTS WITH LUMBAR SPINAL STENOSIS – A 2 YEAR FOLLOW-UP STUDY
Authors: Kłosiński Michał , Kucharska Ewa , Henry Brandon , Jarzębska Anna , Skinningsrud Bendik , Dudkiewicz Zbigniew , Chrzanowski Robert , Walocha Ewa , Głowacki Roman , Tomaszewski Krzysztof , Pąchalska Maria
Published: November 2017

Background: Lumbar spinal stenosis (LSS) may result in a progressive narrowing of the spinal canal leading to compression of the nerve roots. The advantages of minimally invasive surgical approaches to the lumbar spine have been rigorously evaluated, however, the long-term impact on the health-related quality-of-life (HRQoL) of patients with LSS that have undergone minimally invasive decompression surgery is uncertain. To this end, the aim of our study was to evaluate the impact of this procedure on the HRQoL of patients with LSS.

Methods: Enrolled patients were recruited to this prospective study at two orthopedic centers in Krakow, Poland. Patients eligible for inclusion were above 18 years of age, had been qualified for spine surgery of the lumbar region due to either discopathy or non-traumatic spinal stenosis, had uni- or bilateral neurogenic claudication, and verified spinal stenosis. During the interview, each patient completed the Polish version of the SSSQ (P-SSSQ), SF-36, and a demographic data questionnaire. Apart from the preoperative assessment the patients were again approached to fill in the questionnaires 6, 12, 18, and 24 months postoperatively.

Results: One hundred and seventy-one consecutive patients with a mean age of 59 years were included in the study. This study found that LSS decompression statistically significantly increases HRQoL in a 2-year observation. There was a significant difference between the preoperative and postoperative SF-36 and P-SSSQ scores. The largest increase in HRQoL is between the preoperative period and 6 months post-op (p<0.0001). Starting from around 18 months post-op, further changes in HRQoL are minimal. Late complications (persistent pain, the need for revision surgery) may decrease HRQoL at around 24 months post-op.

Conclusions: Minimally invasive decompression surgery for elderly patients with LSS significantly improves their HRQoL
PERCEPTUAL LOAD MANIPULATION DOES NOT REVEAL SENSITIVITY ON THE N170 ERP COMPONENT OF MANIPULATED FACES AND BODIES
Authors: Mohamed Tarik N.
Published: November 2017

Background: It has been controversial in the face recognition literaturę whether face-sensitive N170 is affected by selective attention. Attention was manipulated according to Lavie’s perceptual load theory, examining the effect of selective attention on the processing of faces and human bodies. Faces and human bodies were presented either intact or manipulated.

Material/Methods: 18 Students (9Males) from Sohag University, aged between 19 and 22 years (M = 19.38, SD = 0.48) contributed data in this study. All participants were right handed, and had normal or corrected-to-normal visual acuity. Participants were instructed to detect specific letter strings „X or N” among different (i.e., High load), or identical (Low load) letters. Letters were superimposed on different distractors. Stimuli were presented intact (Exp.1), or manipulated (Exp.2-4), by removing certain features or parts in the face and body respectively. ERP technique was used and prominent N170 and LNC were measured.

Results: It was found that there is no effect of selective attention on the face sensitive N170. It seems that cropped face N170 is not affected by selective attention. However, the N170 of faces and human bodies are not affected by selective attention. The LNC findings showed that this component is affected by selective attention with enhanced negativity under low load Conditions compared to high load conditions.

Conclusions: The findings of the current study showed that either cropped faces and human bodies does not reveal sensitivity on the N170 ERP component of manipulated faces and bodies.
Design of large-scale streamlined head cars of high-speed trains and aerodynamic drag calculation
Authors: Wu Zhenfeng , Yang Enyu , Ding Wangcai
Published: November 2017

Aerodynamic drag plays an important role in high-speed trains, and how to reduce the aerodynamic drag is one of the most important research subjects related to modern railway systems. This paper investigates a design method for large-scale streamlined head cars of high-speed trains by adopting NURBS theory according to the outer surface characteristics of trains. This method first created the main control lines of the driver cab by inputting control point coordinates; then, auxiliary control lines were added to the main ones. Finally, the reticular region formed by the main control lines and auxiliary ones were filled. The head car was assembled with the driver cab and sightseeing car in a virtual environment. The numerical simulation of train flow field was completed through definition of geometric models, boundary conditions, and space discretization. The calculation results show that the aerodynamic drag of the high-speed train with large-scale streamlined head car decreases by approximately 49.3% within the 50-300 km/h speed range compared with that of the quasi-streamlined high-speed train. This study reveals that the high-speed train with large-scale streamlined head car could achieve the purpose of reducing running aerodynamic drag and saving energy, and aims to provide technical support for the subsequent process design and production control of high-speed train head cars.
COMPATIBILITY OF ALLOCATION OF CAP STRUCTURAL FUNDS
WITH REGIONAL DIFFERENTIATION OF RURAL AND AGRICULTURAL
DEVELOPMENT IN POLAND
Authors: Poczta Walenty , Beba Patrycja
Published: November 2017

The objective of the research was to examine whether the current distribution Common Agricultural
Policy structural funds (second pillar of CAP) between different objectives in particular macroregions
corresponds to the regional differentiation of rural areas and agriculture in Poland. Policy objectives were
identified according to RDP 2014-2020 priorities. Six macroregions have been adopted at regional level
NUTS-1. In order to determine whether the directions of distribution correspond to regional variation, the
linear correlation coefficient was calculated. The coefficient describes the correlation between synthetic
variables describing the level of rural and agricultural development in macroregions of Poland and regional
allocations of funds for rural development and agriculture in Poland in the years 2004-2013 according to
the RDP 2014-2020 priorities. The results show the presence of moderate linear dependence or lack of it
between the variables tested. This means that the previous division of CAP structural funds only partially
took into account the regional differentiation of rural and agricultural areas.
Encontros, derivas e intercessores em um acompanhamento terapêutico
Authors: Silva Dami , Próchno Caio César Souza Camargo , Silveira Ricardo Wagner Machado
Published: November 2017

Este artigo é parte de uma pesquisa de mestrado motivada por um acompanhamento terapêutico e por uma questão que surgiu em meio aos encontros: o que se passa entre acompanhado e acompanhante? Tradicionalmente, essa prática é reconhecida por utilizar-se das ruas e saídas, como modo de não ficar restrita ao ambiente físico das instituições ou ao setting tradicional da clínica. Neste trabalho, tendo como referências o pensamento de Deleuze e Guattari, utilizamos a cartografia como método de pesquisa-intervenção, do qual destacaremos aqui alguns fragmentos de relatos e, principalmente, seus enredamentos conceituais, mostrando como ambos se compuseram nos (e partir dos) encontros nos quais acompanhado e acompanhante teceram juntos uma rede de relações contagiando o cotidiano, a vizinhança, o comércio, a informática, os fazeres e os saberes a respeito da clínica. São experimentações, agenciamentos, acontecimentos e derivas que se passam entre acompanhado e acompanhante em intensidades que os arrastam, produzindo outros modos de ver, pensar, sentir e estar no mundo.
Conversando com as dores crônicas: sobre sugestões hipnóticas e níveis de experiência vivida
Authors: Neubern Maurício Da Silva
Published: November 2017

Este trabalho busca tecer uma compreensão inicial, em termos clínicos e teóricos, das relações entre os tipos de sugestões hipnóticas e os níveis de experiência vivida de pessoas com dores crônicas. Partindo de duas breves ilustrações clínicas, propõe relações entre os tipos de sugestões que se utilizam dos signos semióticos ícones, índices e símbolos, relacionando-os aos níveis de experiência vivida da pessoa, seja ela vital ou subjetiva. Destaca que, ao mesmo tempo em que as sugestões sempre podem envolver os três tipos de signos, elas podem enfatizar preferencialmente aqueles que melhor se endereçam a determinado nível de experiência vivida. O artigo se conclui ressaltando que a relação entre sugestões hipnóticas e níveis de experiência deve ser concebida numa perspectiva ampla de subjetividade, incluindo principalmente a dimensão do sujeito e suas diferentes formas de autonomia.
A subjetivação de mulheres com deficiência motora congênita: o papel do outro e dos processos formativos
Authors: Moura Daniela De Lima , Alves Silvia Rodrigues Cavalcanti , Ferreira Sandra Patrícia Ataíde
Published: November 2017

Este estudo buscou compreender como se constitui o processo de subjetivação de adultos com deficiência motora congênita, participantes de uma ONG voltada a pessoas com deficiência. Participaram duas mulheres adultas, de 37 e 47 anos, com deficiência motora congênita, frequentadoras de um espaço educacional não formal, localizado na Zona Oeste do Recife-PE. Para a construção dos dados, utilizou-se o método narrativo de entrevista, fundamentando a análise na proposta dos núcleos de significação, de base sócio-histórica. Os resultados revelaram que a educação não formal e a educação informal estiveram mais presentes no processo de subjetivação dessas mulheres que a educação formal, e que os outros significativos não eram pertencentes à família e se configuraram como agentes essenciais na constituição dessa subjetivação. Ademais, verificou-se que essas mulheres têm diferentes trajetórias, gostos e interesses, constituindo-se como seres singulares, não sendo a deficiência o elemento definidor dessa subjetivação.
The Updated World Health Organization Glioma Classification: Cellular and Molecular Origins of Adult Infiltrating Gliomas
Authors: Pisapia David J.
Published: November 2017

Context.—

In the recently updated World Health Organization (WHO) classification of central nervous system tumors, our concept of infiltrating gliomas as a molecular dichotomy between oligodendroglial and astrocytic tumors has been codified. Advances in animal models of glioma and a wealth of sophisticated molecular analyses of human glioma tissue have led to a greater understanding of some of the biologic underpinnings of gliomagenesis.

Objective.—

To review our understanding of gliomagenesis in the setting of the recently updated WHO classification of central nervous system tumors. Topics addressed include a summary of an updated diagnostic schema for infiltrating gliomas, the crucial importance of isocitrate dehydrogenase mutations, candidate cells of origin for gliomas, environmental and other posited contributing factors to gliomagenesis, and the possible role of chromatin topology in setting the stage for gliomagenesis.

Data Sources.—

We conducted a primary literature search using PubMed.

Conclusions.—

With multidimensional molecular data sets spanning increasingly larger numbers of patients with infiltrating gliomas, our understanding of the disease at the point of surgical resection has improved dramatically and this understanding is reflected in the updated WHO classification. Animal models have demonstrated a diversity of candidates for glioma cells of origin, but crucial questions remain, including the role of neural stem cells, more differentiated progenitor cells, and glioma stem cells. At this stage the increase in data generated from human samples will hopefully inform the creation of newer animal models that will recapitulate more accurately the diversity of gliomas and provide novel insights into the biologic mechanisms underlying tumor initiation and progression.
Supporting Productive Struggle with Communication Moves
Authors: Freeburn Ben , Arbaugh Fran
Published: November 2017

Read about ways to determine how your students are thinking, and then implement NCTM's mathematical teaching practices as students work on a task.
Investigating Problem-Solving Perseverance Using Lesson Study
Authors: Bieda Kristen N. , Huhn Craig
Published: November 2017

Middle and high school mathematics teachers share what they learned about supporting students by conducting a series of three lesson studies.
Heart Work
Authors: Madden Sandra R. , Gonzales Alicia C.
Published: November 2017

A professor and her student identify key ingredients to nurture teachers in supporting students to be persistent problem solvers.
Repeating Decimals: An Alternative Teaching Approach
Authors: Appova Aina K.
Published: November 2017

Viewing repeating decimals as fractions can build on students' number sense and promote intuitive and conceptual understanding.
Evropeiskii potop: The discourse of apocalypse and silence in Russian press coverage on the issue of refugees
Authors: Kalsaas Johanne Berge
Published: November 2017

This article studies Russia’s news discourse on the refugee crisis of 2015–2016. Employing critical discourse analysis and the concept of news as discourse, the study explores representations of the refugee issue in four Russian newspapers. A predominant feature in the discourse is the use of apocalyptic rhetoric. Elaborating on the concept of post-Soviet aphasia (Oushakine 2000), however, the study also finds that the foremost characteristic of Russian public conversation on refugees is, perhaps, the lack thereof. The apparent discursive “black hole” concerning Russia’s role in the refugee situation is a central finding in the study.
Kullback Leibler divergence in complete bacterial and phage genomes
Authors: Akhter Sajia , Aziz Ramy K. , Kashef Mona T. , Ibrahim Eslam S. , Bailey Barbara , Edwards Robert A.
Published: November 2017

The amino acid content of the proteins encoded by a genome may predict the coding potential of that genome and may reflect lifestyle restrictions of the organism. Here, we calculated the Kullback–Leibler divergence from the mean amino acid content as a metric to compare the amino acid composition for a large set of bacterial and phage genome sequences. Using these data, we demonstrate that (i) there is a significant difference between amino acid utilization in different phylogenetic groups of bacteria and phages; (ii) many of the bacteria with the most skewed amino acid utilization profiles, or the bacteria that host phages with the most skewed profiles, are endosymbionts or parasites; (iii) the skews in the distribution are not restricted to certain metabolic processes but are common across all bacterial genomic subsystems; (iv) amino acid utilization profiles strongly correlate with GC content in bacterial genomes but very weakly correlate with the G+C percent in phage genomes. These findings might be exploited to distinguish coding from non-coding sequences in large data sets, such as metagenomic sequence libraries, to help in prioritizing subsequent analyses.
Controllability of Surface Water Networks
Authors: Riasi M. Sadegh , Yeghiazarian Lilit
Published: November 2017

To sustainably manage water resources, we must understand how to control complex networked systems. In this paper, we study surface water networks from the perspective of structural controllability, a concept that integrates classical control theory with graph‐theoretic formalism. We present structural controllability theory and compute four metrics: full and target controllability, control centrality and control profile (FTCP) that collectively determine the structural boundaries of the system's control space. We use these metrics to answer the following questions: How does the structure of a surface water network affect its controllability? How to efficiently control a preselected subset of the network? Which nodes have the highest control power? What types of topological structures dominate controllability? Finally, we demonstrate the structural controllability theory in the analysis of a wide range of surface water networks, such as tributary, deltaic, and braided river systems.
Pseudohalide‐Induced Recrystallization Engineering for CH3NH3PbI3 Film and Its Application in Highly Efficient Inverted Planar Heterojunction Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Dong Hua , Wu Zhaoxin , Xi Jun , Xu Xiaobao , Zuo Lijian , Lei Ting , Zhao Xingang , Zhang Lijun , Hou Xun , Jen Alex K.‐Y.
Published: November 2017

High crystallinity and compactness of the active layer is essential for metal‐halide perovskite solar cells. Here, a simple pseudohalide‐induced film retreatment technology is developed as the passivation for preformed perovskite film. It is found that the retreatment process yields a controllable decomposition‐to‐recrystallization evolution of the perovskite film. Corresponding, it remarkably enlarges the grain size of the film in all directions, as well as improving the crystallinity and hindering the trap density. Meanwhile, owing to an intermediate catalytic effect of the pseudohalide compound (NH4SCN), no crystal orientation changing and no impurity introduction in the modified film. By integrating the modified perovskite film into the planar heterojunction solar cells, a champion power conversion efficiency of 19.44% with a stabilized output efficiency of 19.02% under 1 sun illumination is obtained, exhibiting a negligible current density–voltage hysteresis. Moreover, such a facile and low‐temperature film retreatment approach guarantees the application in flexible devices, showing a best power conversion efficiency of 17.04%.
Synthesis of Low‐Dimensional Polyion Complex Nanomaterials via Polymerization‐Induced Electrostatic Self‐Assembly
Authors: Ding Yi , Cai Meng , Cui Zhigang , Huang Leilei , Wang Lei , Lu Xinhua , Cai Yuanli
Published: November 2017

Nanostructured polyion complexes (PICs) are appealing in biomaterials applications. Yet, conventional assembly suffers from the weakness in scale‐up and reproducibility. Only a few low‐dimensional PICs are available to date. Herein we report an efficient and scalable strategy to prepare libraries of low‐dimensional PICs. It involves a visible‐light‐mediated RAFT polymerization of ionic monomer in the presence of a polyion of the opposite charge at 5–50 % w/w total solids concentration in water at 25 °C, namely, polymerization‐induced electrostatic self‐assembly (PIESA). A Vesicle, multi‐compartmental vesicle, and large‐area unilamellar nanofilm can be achieved in water. A long nanowire and porous nanofilm can be prepared in methanol/water. An unusual unimolecular polyion complex (uPIC)‐sphere‐branch/network‐film transition is reported. This green chemistry offers a general platform to prepare various low‐dimensional PICs with high reproducibility on a commercially viable scale under eco‐friendly conditions.
Total Synthesis of (+)‐Sarcophytin
Authors: Nannini Leonardo J. , Nemat Suren J. , Carreira Erick M.
Published: November 2017

A total synthesis of the cembranoid (+)‐sarcophytin is presented, featuring a Diels–Alder cycloaddition of an enone as the dienophile with an ester‐derived dienoate. The study highlights a peculiar geometric preference for the Z dienoate to furnish the cycloadduct. The endgame involves a reaction cascade, including lactone opening, alcohol oxidation, and ketone epimerization to complete an efficient synthesis. A salient feature of the synthesis is the resulting reassignment of the absolute configuration, which corrects the previously reported nominal structure.
Strain engineering to reduce acetate accumulation during microaerobic growth conditions in Escherichia coli
Authors: Veeravalli Karthik , Schindler Tony , Dong Emily , Yamada Masaki , Hamilton Ryan , Laird Michael W.
Published: November 2017

Microaerobic (oxygen limited) conditions are advantageous for several industrial applications since a majority of the carbon atoms can be directed for synthesis of desired products. Oxygen limited conditions, however, can result in high levels of undesirable by‐products such as acetate, which subsequently can have an impact on biomass and product yields. The molecular mechanisms involved in acetate accumulation under oxygen limited conditions are not well understood. Our results indicate that a majority of the genetic modifications known to decrease acetate under aerobic conditions results in similar or even higher acetate under oxygen limitation. Deletion of arcA, whose gene product is a global transcriptional regulator, was the only modification among those evaluated that significantly decreased acetate under both transient and prolonged oxygen limitation. Transcriptome results indicate that the arcA deletion results in an increased expression of the operon involving acs and actP (whose gene products are involved in acetate assimilation and uptake respectively) and some genes in the TCA cycle, thereby promoting increased acetate assimilation. These results provide useful cues for strain design for improved manufacturing of biopharmaceuticals under oxygen limited conditions. © 2017 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog., 34:303–314, 2018
Rapid Expansion ofMelica przewalskyiCauses Soil Moisture Deficit and Vegetation Degradation in Subalpine Meadows
Authors: Gao Fu‐Yuan , Shi Fu‐Xi , Chen Hui‐Min , Zhang Xin‐Hou , Yu Xue‐Yang , Cui Qian , Zhao Cheng‐Zhang
Published: November 2017

Invasive noxious plants have important impacts on community dynamics and ecosystem functions in grasslands. Since the 1960s, the noxious plantMelica przewalskyihas spread rapidly and formed different size of patches in subalpine meadows of the Qilian Mountains, Northwest China. In this study, the species richness, vegetation structure, and soil water content are investigated from the patch edge to the center in four sizes ofM. przewalskyipatches (i.e., small patch, <100 cm in canopy diameter; middle patch, 100–200 cm; large patch, 200–300 cm; and the largest patch, >300 cm). The results show that while the patches grow continuously, the dominant species changes fromStipa kryloviitoM. przewalskyiwith an increasing trend in plant productivity and decreasing trend in species richness and soil water content. Plant height, density, coverage, and above‐ground biomass ofM. przewalskyipopulation increases from the patch edge to the center in small, middle, and large patches, whereas it is precisely the opposite in the largest patch. Interestingly, soil water content exhibits a decreasing trend from the patch edge to the center in all patches. The results indicate that the rapid spread ofM. przewalskyimay well alter vegetation pattern and cause a severe soil moisture deficit, which would further drive the degradation of ecosystem functioning in subalpine meadows.
Alkali‐Metal‐Templated Self‐Assembly of Nickel(II) [12‐MC‐3] Metallacoronates Based on Bis(pyrazol‐1‐yl)acetato Ligands
Authors: Beyer Andreas , von Gernler Marc S. , Pflock Stephan , Türkoglu Gazi , Müller Lisa , Zahl Achim , Gieb Klaus , Müller Paul , Drewello Thomas , Burzlaff Nicolai
Published: November 2017

The syntheses and structures of four new bis(pyrazol‐1‐yl)acetate‐ or bis(3,5‐dimethylpyrazol‐1‐yl)acetate‐based bis‐ligand nickel(II) complexes [Ni(bdmpzmp)2] (1), [Ni(bdmpzpen)2] (2), [Ni(bdmpza)2] (3), and [Ni(bpza)2] (4) are described. The results of single crystal structure determinations reveal for all four complexes κ3‐coordination of the scorpionate ligands. The sterically hindered bis(3,5‐di‐tert‐butyl‐pyrazol‐1‐yl)acetateto (bdtbpza) ligand allows the synthesis of the nickel(II) chlorido complex [Ni(bdtbpza)Cl] (5). Furthermore, controlled formation of a novel trinuclear linear complex [Ni(bdmpza)2{Ni(acac)(bdmpza)}2] (6) [bdmpza = bis(3,5‐dimethylpyrazol‐1‐yl)acetate] by a self‐assembling reaction and alkali metal‐mediated template syntheses of [Na{Ni(acac)(bdmpza)}3]NO3 (7), [Na{Ni(acac)(bdmpza)}3]I (8) and [Li{Ni(acac)(bdmpza)}3]NO3 (9) are reported. ESI MS allowed a detailed characterization in solution and is supported by X‐ray structure analysis. Compounds 7, 8 and 9 exhibit [12‐MC‐3] metallacrown structures with a sixfold coordinated alkali metal ion in the center. The magnetic properties are studied by SQUID. Crystallographic data reveal broken symmetry in the solid state for all three [12‐MC‐3] metallacoronates 7, 8 and 9. The linear structure of [Ni(bdmpza)2{Ni(acac)(bdmpza)}2] (6) (length ≈ 2 nm) obtained through synthesis without template, as well as the molecular structure of the [12‐MC‐3] metallacoronates 7, 8 and 9 (∅ ≈ 1.3 nm) are at the nanoscale.
Sequence‐Specific DNA Recognition with Designed Peptides
Authors: Boga Sonia , Bouzada David , García Peña Diego , Vázquez López Miguel , Vázquez M. Eugenio
Published: November 2017

Inspired by natural transcription factors (TFs), researchers have explored the potential of artificial peptides for the recognition of specific DNA sequences, developing increasingly sophisticated systems that not only display excellent DNA binding properties, but also are endowed with new properties not found in their natural counterparts. Here we review some of the developments in the field of artificial peptide‐based DNA binders, focusing on the supramolecular and molecular design aspects of such systems.
A Water‐Driven Triboelectric Generator for Electrocatalytic Wastewater Treatment
Authors: Kushwaha Himmat S. , Kumar Anuruddh , Kumar Rajeev , Vaish Rahul
Published: November 2017

Triboelectric generators (TEGs) have been shown to be advantageous at energy harvesting for sensors and portable devices. Here, a water‐driven triboelectric generator (WD‐TEG) powered wastewater treatment reactor that harvests energy from the water flow via the triboelectric effect is introduced. The WD‐TEG is an efficient and green approach towards wastewater treatment. With the electricity generated from WD‐TEG, a degradation efficiency of up to 80 % for estrogenic pollutants, estriol, and 17‐β estradiol is achieved within just 150 min. The effect of water rotation on degradation rate is also investigated. The observed results show that triboelectric coupled electrochemical systems can be promising solution for wastewater treatment.
Modelling soil moisture in a high‐latitude landscape using LiDAR and soil data
Authors: Kemppinen Julia , Niittynen Pekka , Riihimäki Henri , Luoto Miska
Published: November 2017

Soil moisture has a pronounced effect on earth surface processes. Global soil moisture is strongly driven by climate, whereas at finer scales, the role of non‐climatic drivers becomes more important. We provide insights into the significance of soil and land surface properties in landscape‐scale soil moisture variation by utilizing high‐resolution light detection and ranging (LiDAR) data and extensive field investigations. The data consist of 1200 study plots located in a high‐latitude landscape of mountain tundra in north‐western Finland. We measured the plots three times during growing season 2016 with a hand‐held time‐domain reflectometry sensor. To model soil moisture and its temporal variation, we used four statistical modelling methods: generalized linear models, generalized additive models, boosted regression trees, and random forests. The model fit of the soil moisture models were R2 = 0.60 and root mean square error (RMSE) 8.04 VWC% on average, while the temporal variation models showed a lower fit of R2 = 0.25 and RMSE 13.11 CV%. The predictive performances for the former were R2 = 0.47 and RMSE 9.34 VWC%, and for the latter R2 = 0.01 and RMSE 15.29 CV%. Results were similar across the modelling methods, demonstrating a consistent pattern. Soil moisture and its temporal variation showed strong heterogeneity over short distances; therefore, soil moisture modelling benefits from high‐resolution predictors, such as LiDAR based variables. In the soil moisture models, the strongest predictor was SAGA (System for Automated Geoscientific Analyses) wetness index (SWI), based on a 1 m2 digital terrain model derived from LiDAR data, which outperformed soil predictors. Thus, our study supports the use of LiDAR based SWI in explaining fine‐scale soil moisture variation. In the temporal variation models, the strongest predictor was the field‐quantified organic layer depth variable. Our results show that spatial soil moisture predictions can be based on soil and land surface properties, yet the temporal models require further investigation. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Tracking trachyte on the Roman routes: Provenance study of Roman infrastructure and insights into ancient trades in northern Italy
Authors: Germinario Luigi , Zara Arturo , Maritan Lara , Bonetto Jacopo , Hanchar John M. , Sassi Raffaele , Siegesmund Siegfried , Mazzoli Claudio
Published: November 2017

Roman colonization of northern Italy during the late Republican Age brought about significant building activity in the newly acquired territories, involving the construction of new infrastructure that demanded large amounts of stone. Trachyte of the Euganean Hills was among the most commonly used materials for building roads, bridges, forum squares, and aqueducts. This paper addresses the recognition of the provenance quarry of Euganean trachyte used in Roman public infrastructure in northeastern Italy. Petrographic features and major‐ and trace‐element composition of bulk rock and phenocrysts, analyzed by X‐ray fluorescence (XRF) and laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA‐ICPMS), were used as provenance tracers. The provenance determinations allow for exploring the commercial, political, and economic dynamics involving the supply of trachyte for public works, and the management of Roman quarries, which likely were in competition with each other and separately controlled by the most important nearby cities. Finally, broad insights into ancient trades in northern Italy and the main routes of stone distribution are discussed: most transport was done by ship, being more rapid and less costly, taking advantage of the Adriatic Sea, the Po River, and the many waterways close to the Euganean quarries.
Risk for development of severe liver disease in lean patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: A long‐term follow‐up study
Authors: Hagström Hannes , Nasr Patrik , Ekstedt Mattias , Hammar Ulf , Stål Per , Hultcrantz Rolf , Kechagias Stergios
Published: November 2017

Most patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) are overweight or obese. However, a significant proportion of patients have a normal body mass index (BMI), denoted as lean NAFLD. The long‐term prognosis of lean NAFLD is unclear. We conducted a cohort study of 646 patients with biopsy‐proven NAFLD. Patients were defined as lean (BMI < 25.0), overweight (BMI 25.0‐29.9), or obese (BMI ≥ 30.0) at the time of biopsy. Each case was matched for age, sex, and municipality to 10 controls. Overall mortality and development of severe liver disease were evaluated using population‐based registers. Cox regression models adjusted for age, sex, type 2 diabetes, and fibrosis stage were used to examine the long‐term risk of mortality and liver‐related events in lean and nonlean NAFLD. Lean NAFLD was seen in 19% of patients, while 52% were overweight and 29% were obese. Patients with lean NAFLD were older, had lower transaminases, lower stages of fibrosis, and lower prevalence of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis at baseline compared to patients with a higher BMI. During a mean follow‐up of 19.9 years (range 0.4‐40 years) representing 12,631 person years and compared to patients who were overweight, patients with lean NAFLD had no increased risk for overall mortality (hazard ratio 1.06; P =  0.73) while an increased risk for development of severe liver disease was found (hazard ratio 2.69; P =  0.007). Conclusion: Although patients with lean NAFLD have lower stages of fibrosis, they are at higher risk for development of severe liver disease compared to patients with NAFLD and a higher BMI, independent of available confounders. (Hepatology Communications 2018;2:48–57)
Integrating expression‐related SNPs into genome‐wide gene‐ and pathway‐based analyses identified novel lung cancer susceptibility genes
Authors: Wang Yuzhuo , Wu Weibing , Zhu Meng , Wang Cheng , Shen Wei , Cheng Yang , Geng Liguo , Li Zhihua , Zhang Jiahui , Dai Juncheng , Ma Hongxia , Chen Liang , Hu Zhibin , Jin Guangfu , Shen Hongbing
Published: November 2017

Traditional pathway analysis map single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) to genes according to physical position, which lacks sufficient biological bases. Here, we incorporated genetics of gene expression into gene‐ and pathway‐based analysis to identify genes and pathways associated with lung cancer risk. We identified expression‐related SNPs (eSNPs) in lung tissues and integrated these eSNPs into three lung cancer genome‐wide association studies (GWASs), including 12,843 lung cancer cases and 12,639 controls. We used SKAT‐C for gene‐based analysis, and conditional analysis to identify independent eSNPs of each gene. ARTP algorithm was used for pathway analysis. A total of 374,382 eSNPs in the GWAS datasets survived quality control, which were mapped to 5,084 genes and 2,752 pathways. In the gene‐based analysis, nine genes showed significant associations with lung cancer risk. Among them, TP63 (3q28), RP11‐650L12.2 (15q25.1) and CHRNA5 (15q25.1) were located in known lung cancer susceptibility loci. We also validated two newly identified susceptibility loci (RNASET2 and AL133458.1 in 6q27, and MPZL3 in 11q23.3). Besides, DVL3 (3q27.1), RP11‐522I20.3 (9q21.32) and CCDC116 (22q11.21) were identified as novel lung cancer susceptibility genes. Pathway analysis showed that pathways involved in protein structure, the Notch signaling pathway and the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor‐related pathways were associated with lung cancer risk. Combing eSNPs, gene‐ and pathway‐based analysis identifies novel lung cancer susceptibility genes, which serves as a powerful approach to decipher biological mechanisms underlying GWAS findings.
Conservative management of placenta percreta
Authors: Matsuzaki Shinya , Yoshino Kiyoshi , Endo Masayuki , Kakigano Aiko , Takiuchi Tsuyoshi , Kimura Tadashi
Published: November 2017

Background

Maternal outcomes after conservative management of placenta percreta are poorly understood.

Objective

To assess the success and complication rates of conservative management of placenta percreta.

Search strategy

The PubMed, MEDLINE, and Scopus databases were searched for English‐language articles published between January 1990 and December 2016, using combinations of search terms related to conservative management of placenta percreta.

Selection criteria

Only studies describing conservative treatment for placenta percreta (without placental removal) were included in the systematic review.

Data collection and analysis

There were 44 studies included and maternal outcomes were reviewed and categorized among 72 patients.

Main results

The uterus was preserved among 42 (58%) patients and severe complications developed among 40 (56%). Prophylactic uterine artery embolization (UAE) did not improve success rates (P=0.807); however, the mean time for complete placental resorption was lower in the UAE group than in the non‐UAE group (22.4 weeks vs 35.3 weeks; P=0.014). Hysterectomy was performed at a mean of 44.6 days after cesarean delivery. Among the 23 patients with hysterectomy‐related complications, 18 (78%) experienced bladder injury, intraoperative bleeding (>2000 mL), or both. The use of chemotherapy did not improve success rates (P=0.064).

Conclusions

The present systematic review revealed high maternal morbidity during conservative management of placenta percreta.
Standardization of hemipelvis alignment for in vitro biomechanical testing
Authors: Morosato Federico , Traina Francesco , Cristofolini Luca
Published: November 2017

Although in vitro biomechanical tests are regularly performed, the definition of a suitable reference frame for hemipelvic specimens is still a challenge. The aims of the present study were to: (i) define a reference frame for the human hemipelvis suitable for in vitro applications, based on robust anatomical landmarks; (ii) identify the alignment of a hemipelvis based on the alignment of a whole pelvis (including right/left and male/female differences); (iii) identify the relative alignment of the proposed in vitro reference frame with respect to a reference frame commonly used in gait analysis; (iv) create an in vitro alignment procedure easy, robust and inexpensive; (v) quantify the intra‐operator repeatability and inter‐operator reproducibility of the procedure. A procedure to univocally identify the anatomical landmarks was created, exploiting the in vitro accessibility of the specimen's surface. Through the analysis on 53 CT scans (106 hemipelvises), the alignment of the hemipelvis based on the alignment of a whole pelvis was analyzed: differences between male/female and right/left hemipelvises were not statistically significant To overcome the uncertainty in the identification of the acetabular rim, a standard acetabular plane was defined. An alignment procedure was developed to implement such anatomical reference frame. The intra‐operator repeatability and the inter‐operator reproducibility were quantified with four operators, on male and female hemipelvises. The intra‐operator repeatability was better than 1.5°. The inter‐operator reproducibility was better than 2.0°. Alignment in the transverse plane was the most repeatable. The presented procedure to align hemipelvic specimens is sufficiently robust, standardized, and accessible. © 2017 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 36:1645–1652, 2018.
Decreasing sentences in Simple Type Theory
Authors: Rouvelas Panagiotis
Published: November 2017

We present various results regarding the decidability of certain sets of sentences by Simple Type Theory (). First, we introduce the notion of decreasing sentence, and prove that the set of decreasing sentences is undecidable by Simple Type Theory with infinitely many zero‐type elements (); a result that follows directly from the fact that every sentence is equivalent to a decreasing sentence. We then establish two different positive decidability results for a weak subtheory of. Namely, the decidability of(a subset of Σ1) and(the set of all sentences, where φ is strictly decreasing). Finally, we present some consequences for the set of existential‐universal sentences. All the above results have direct implications for Quine's theory of “New Foundations” () and its weak subtheory.
The Hypothesis and a supercompact cardinal
Authors: Cheng Yong
Published: November 2017

In this paper, we prove that: if κ is supercompact and the Hypothesis holds, then there is a proper class of regular cardinals in which are measurable in . Woodin also proved this result independently . As a corollary, we prove Woodin's Local Universality Theorem. This work shows that under the assumption of the Hypothesis and supercompact cardinals, large cardinals in are reflected to be large cardinals in in a local way, and reveals the huge difference between ‐supercompact cardinals and supercompact cardinals under the Hypothesis.
Deltamethrin is metabolized by CYP6FU1, a cytochrome P450 associated with pyrethroid resistance, in Laodelphax striatellus
Authors: Elzaki Mohammed Esmail Abdalla , Miah Mohammad Asaduzzaman , Peng Yingchuan , Zhang Haomiao , Jiang Ling , Wu Min , Han Zhaojun
Published: November 2017

BACKGROUND

Cytochrome P450s (CYPs) are known to play a major role in metabolizing a wide range compounds. CYP6FU1 has been found to be over‐expressed in a deltamethrin‐resistant strain of Laodelphax striatellus. This study was conducted to express CYP6FU1 in Sf9 cells as a recombinant protein, to confirm its ability to degrade deltamethrin, chlorpyrifos, imidacloprid and traditional P450 probing substrates.

RESULTS

Carbon monoxide difference spectrum analysis indicated that the intact CYP6FU1 protein was expressed in insect Sf9 cells. Catalytic activity tests with four traditional P450 probing substrates revealed that the expressed CYP6FU1 preferentially metabolized p‐nitroanisole and ethoxyresorufin, but not ethoxycoumarin and luciferin‐HEGE. The enzyme kinetic parameters were tested using p‐nitroanisole. The michaelis constant (Km) and catalytic constant (Kcat) values were 17.51 ± 4.29 µm and 0.218 ± 0.001 pmol min−1 mg−1 protein, respectively. Furthermore, CYP6FU1 activity for degradation of insecticides was tested by measuring substrate depletion and metabolite formation. The chromatogram analysis showed obvious nicotinamide‐adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH)‐dependent depletion of deltamethrin, and formation of the unknown metabolite. Mass spectra and the molecular docking model showed that the metabolite was 4‐hydroxy‐deltamethrin. However, the recombinant CYP6FU1 could not metabolize imidacloprid and chlorpyrifos.

CONCLUSION

These results confirmed that the over‐expressed CYP6FU1 contributes to deltamethrin resistance in L. striatellus, and p‐nitroanisole might be a potential diagnostic probe for deltamethrin metabolic resistance detection and monitoring. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry
Strategy processes and practices: Dialogues and intersections
Authors: Burgelman Robert A. , Floyd Steven W. , Laamanen Tomi , Mantere Saku , Vaara Eero , Whittington Richard
Published: November 2017

Research Summary: Building on our review of the strategy process and practice research, we identify three ways to see the relationships between the two research traditions: complementary, critical, and combinatory views. We adopt in this special issue the combinatory view, in which activities and processes are seen as closely intertwined aspects of the same phenomena. It is this view that we argue offers both strategy practice and strategy process scholars some of the greatest opportunities for joint research going forward. We develop a combinatory framework for understanding strategy processes and practices (SAPP) and based on that call for more research on (a) temporality, (b) actors and agency, (c) cognition and emotionality, (d) materiality and tools, (e) structures and systems, and (f) language and meaning.
Eleven-dimensional supergravity in 4D, N = 1 superspace
Authors: Becker Katrin , Becker Melanie , Butter Daniel , Guha Sunny , Linch William D. , Robbins Daniel
Published: November 2017

Abstract

We give a formulation of linearized 11D supergravity in 4D,N= 1 superspace keeping all eleven bosonic coordinates. The fields are fluctuations aroundM=R4|4×Y, whereYis a background Riemannian 7-manifold admitting aG2structure. We embed the 11D fields into superfield representations of the 4D,N= 1 superconformal algebra. These consist of the conformal graviton superfield, seven conformal gravitino superfields, a tensor hierarchy of superfields describing the 11D 3-form, and a non-abelian Kaluza-Klein vector multiplet gauging the tensor hierarchy by diffeomorphisms onY. The quadratic action consists of the linearization of a superspace volume term and a Chern-Simons action for the gauged hierarchy coupled to the supergravity and gravitino superfields, and the full structure is fixed by superconformal and gauge invariance. When this action is projected to components, we recover the full linearized action of 11D supergravity.
Effects of an Anxiety-Specific Psychometric Factor on Fear	Conditioning and Fear Generalization
Authors: Baumann Christian , Schiele Miriam A. , Herrmann Martin J. , Lonsdorf Tina B. , Zwanzger Peter , Domschke Katharina , Reif Andreas , Deckert Jürgen , Pauli Paul
Published: November 2017

Abstract. Conditioning and generalization of fear are assumed to play central roles in the pathogenesis of anxiety disorders. Here we investigate the influence of a psychometric anxiety-specific factor on these two processes, thus try to identify a potential risk factor for the development of anxiety disorders. To this end, 126 healthy participants were examined with questionnaires assessing symptoms of anxiety and depression and with a fear conditioning and generalization paradigm. A principal component analysis of the questionnaire data identified two factors representing the constructs anxiety and depression. Variations in fear conditioning and fear generalization were solely associated with the anxiety factor characterized by anxiety sensitivity and agoraphobic cognitions; high-anxious individuals exhibited stronger fear responses (arousal) during conditioning and stronger generalization effects for valence and UCS-expectancy ratings. Thus, the revealed psychometric factor “anxiety” was associated with enhanced fear generalization, an assumed risk factor for anxiety disorders. These results ask for replication with a longitudinal design allowing to examine their predictive validity.
Long-term carbon sink in Borneo’s forests halted by drought and vulnerable to edge effects
Authors: Qie Lan , Lewis Simon L. , Sullivan Martin J. P. , Lopez-Gonzalez Gabriela , Pickavance Georgia C. , Sunderland Terry , Ashton Peter , Hubau Wannes , Abu Salim Kamariah , Aiba Shin-Ichiro , Banin Lindsay F. , Berry Nicholas , Brearley Francis Q. , Burslem David F. R. P. , Dančák Martin , Davies Stuart J. , Fredriksson Gabriella , Hamer Keith C. , Hédl Radim , Kho Lip Khoon , Kitayama Kanehiro , Krisnawati Haruni , Lhota Stanislav , Malhi Yadvinder , Maycock Colin , Metali Faizah , Mirmanto Edi , Nagy Laszlo , Nilus Reuben , Ong Robert , Pendry Colin A. , Poulsen Axel Dalberg , Primack Richard B. , Rutishauser Ervan , Samsoedin Ismayadi , Saragih Bernaulus , Sist Plinio , Slik J. W. Ferry , Sukri Rahayu Sukmaria , Svátek Martin , Tan Sylvester , Tjoa Aiyen , van Nieuwstadt Mark , Vernimmen Ronald R. E. , Yassir Ishak , Kidd Petra Susan , Fitriadi Muhammad , Ideris Nur Khalish Hafizhah , Serudin Rafizah Mat , Abdullah Lim Layla Syaznie , Saparudin Muhammad Shahruney , Phillips Oliver L.
Published: November 2017

Less than half of anthropogenic carbon dioxide emissions remain in the atmosphere. While carbon balance models imply large carbon uptake in tropical forests, direct on-the-ground observations are still lacking in Southeast Asia. Here, using long-term plot monitoring records of up to half a century, we find that intact forests in Borneo gained 0.43 Mg C ha−1 per year (95% CI 0.14–0.72, mean period 1988–2010) in above-ground live biomass carbon. These results closely match those from African and Amazonian plot networks, suggesting that the world’s remaining intact tropical forests are now en masse out-of-equilibrium. Although both pan-tropical and long-term, the sink in remaining intact forests appears vulnerable to climate and land use changes. Across Borneo the 1997–1998 El Niño drought temporarily halted the carbon sink by increasing tree mortality, while fragmentation persistently offset the sink and turned many edge-affected forests into a carbon source to the atmosphere.