bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Nutritional status changes in patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer receiving first-line chemotherapy
Authors: Sun Wei , Liu Shunfang , Peng Ping , Liu Dongbo
Published: June 2023

Objective

This study aimed to assess the real-life nutritional status changes and gastrointestinal symptoms in patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) receiving chemotherapy.

Methods

A total of 104 patients with metastatic NSCLC receiving first-line chemotherapy were included in this study. Unintentional weight loss, body mass index (BMI) changes, and gastrointestinal symptoms were recorded and evaluated. Biochemical parameters [hemoglobin (Hb) and albumin levels] were compared before and after two chemotherapy cycles using SPSS software.

Results

Of these patients, 65.38% (68/104) experienced unintentional weight loss, whereas 30.77% and 12.5% presented with ≥ 5% and ≥ 10% degrees of weight loss, respectively, within 6 months before first-line chemotherapy was administered. Then, 48.08% (50/104) of the patients experienced unintentional weight loss after two chemotherapy cycles. The mean body weight after chemotherapy was 61.47 ± 10.37 kg, which was significantly decreased relative to that before chemotherapy (P < 0.05). The mean BMI after chemotherapy was 22.66 ± 3.34 kg/m2, which was also significantly diminished with respect to that during the previous chemotherapy cycle (P < 0.05). The most common gastrointestinal symptoms reported among all the study patients were anorexia (80/104, 76.92%), nausea (53/104, 50.96%), constipation (49/104, 47.12%), vomiting (48/104, 46.15%), taste disorders (40/104, 38.46%), and early satiety (32/104, 30.77%). The mean Hb levels after chemotherapy were 117.06 ± 16.67 g/L, which were significantly lower than those before chemotherapy (132.73 ± 16.42 g/L) (P < 0.05). No significant difference was noted between the mean albumin levels before and after chemotherapy (38.29 ± 4.22 g/L vs 38.17 ± 4.54 g/L; P = 0.798).

Conclusion

Weight loss history, gastrointestinal symptoms, and Hb level decreases are determinant factors of nutritional status in patients with advanced NSCLC and must be included in the screening, evaluation, and treatment of lung carcinoma.
Establishment and characterization of an oxaliplatin-resistant hepatic cancer cell line*
Authors: Qiu Ping , Chen Gang , Dai Yuhong , Qiu Hong
Published: June 2023

Objective

The aim of the current study was to establish an oxaliplatin-resistant hepatoma cell line (HepG2/OXA) and investigate the potential mechanisms of its drug resistance.

Methods

The hepatoma cell subline, HepG2/OXA, resistant to oxaliplatin (OXA), was established from a parent cell line HepG2, by stepwise exposure to gradually increasing concentrations of OXA over a half-year period. Chemosenstivity of the cytotoxic drugs, OXA, cisplatin (CDDP), adriamycin (ADM), and 5-fuorouracil (5-FU), was determined in HepG2 and HepG2/OXA cells, by the Cell counting kit-8 (CCK8) assay. Cell cycle distribution of HepG2 and HepG2/OXA cells was analyzed by Flow cytometry (FCM). The expression levels of several drug resistance-related proteins, such as P-glycoprotein (P-gp), multidrug resistant protein 1 (MRP1), and excision repair-cross complementing 1 (ERCC1) protein in the two cell lines were tested by the western blot assay.

Results

The IC50 of OXA in HepG2/OXA and HepG2 were 136.84 µmol/L and 23.86 µmol/L, respectively. The resistance index (RI) was 5.34. HepG2 was also demonstrated to be cross-resistant to other anti-tumor agents, such as 5-FU, ADM, and CDDP. The percentage of HepG2/OXA cells in the S phase was significantly decreased compared to HepG2 cells (25.58% ± 2.36% vs 14.37% ± 2.54%,P< 0.05), while the percentage of cells in the G0/G1 and G2/M phases showed no statistical difference (respectively 55.29% ± 4.98% vs 56.73% ± 4.56%,P> 0.05, and 24.63% ± 4.81% vs 28.26% ± 3.82%,P> 0.05). The ERCC1 was found to be over expressed in HepG2/OXA cells, while there was no difference in the expressions of P-gp and MRP1 between the multiple drug resistance (MDR) phenotype cell line and its parental cell line.

Conclusion

HepG2/OXA showed an MDR ability; the over expression of ERCC1 might be associated with the platinum resistance of the cells, but P-gp and MRP1 are not.
The efficacy of capecitabine and temozolomide against neuroendocrine carcinomas
Authors: Gao Yanwei , Luan Wei , Li Wenxin , Jia Baoqing
Published: June 2023

Objective

Neuroendocrine carcinomas (NECs) are resistant to currently available chemotherapy agents, and its therapeutic options are limited. Preclinical data have suggested synergy between capecitabine and temozolomide (CAPTEM). Therefore, we evaluated the efficacy and safety of CAPTEM in patients with metastatic NECs who have failed prior therapies.

Methods

A retrospective review was conducted on seven patients with metastatic NECs for whom platinum-based chemotherapies and hepatic chemoembolization failed. Patients received capecitabine (1000 mg twice daily on days 1-14) and temozolomide (150-200 mg/m2 once daily on days 10-14) every 28 days. Tumor assessments were performed every two cycles.

Results

Among the seven patients treated, two achieved partial remission and four achieved stable disease. The total response rate was 29%, and the clinical benefit was 86%. Median progression-free survival was 10 (range: 8-14) months. The most common toxicities were grade 1 and 2 neutropenia, grade 1 fatigue, and grade 1 and 2 hand-foot syndrome. No grade 4 toxicities or treatment-related deaths were observed.

Conclusion

Our study showed that the CAPTEM regimen is an effective and well-tolerated salvage option for NECs. Further prospective studies are warranted to evaluate optimal combinations of the CAPTEM regimen for NECs.
Comparison of bone alignment and fiducial marker alignment for online cone-beam computed tomography-guided radiation therapy for prostate cancer
Authors: Metwally Hussein M.
Published: June 2023

Objective

The aim of the study was to evaluate the coverage of the prostate when prostatic implanted fiducial markers are used to verify setup of the patients in comparison to the pelvic bones while using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT).

Methods

Seventeen patients with prostate cancer were included. For each patient, daily online CBCT was done. CT planning was matched with CBCT with the help of fiducial markers (3-5 markers) and another matching with done the help of pelvic bony landmarks. Registration of clinical target volume (CTV) 1 including prostate plus seminal vesicles and CTV2 including prostate only was done and were used to confirm the target volume during the process of matching. Delineation of the rectum on every CBCT was done. Two automatic margin representing planning target volume (PTV) were created. PTV1 was generated by adding 1 cm in all directions (PTV1a) and 0.7 cm in the posterior direction (PTV1b). PTV2 was generated by adding 0.5 cm in all directions (PTV2a) and 0.3 cm in the posterior direction (PTV2b). PTV1a was prescribed to receive 46 Gy in conventional fractionation with a boost dose of 30 Gy to PTV1b. The same dose was prescribed to PTV2a and PTV2b. Calculation of the percentage of intersection between CTV1 and CTV2 created on CBCT with the original CTV scan was done. A comparison between the two CTVs (CTV1 and CTV2) mean dose and the original delineated CTV was done. Then a comparison to the mean dose of the original CTV of PTV1a, PTV2a (CTV1a and CTV2a), and for PTV1b and PTV2b (CTV1b and CTV2b). Calculation of the mean rectal dose and also V60, V70 and V74 was done on the delineated rectum on every CBCT, and then a comparison to the planned original rectal dose.

Results

The created CTV1 and CTV2 intersection percentage with the original CTV1 and CTV2 significantly increased by 85% (range, 65%-95%, P < 0.05), when fiducial markers were used. The main difference of the received mean dose was significantly less in comparison to pelvic bone alignment (0.03% to 2% vs 0.03% to 11.6% for PTV1a, P < 0.006; 0.01% to 1.8% vs 0.03% to 10.2% for PTV2a, P < 0.014; 0.08 to 2.11 vs 0.04 to 11.29 for PTV1b, P < 0.015 and 0.01 to 1.79 vs 0.01 to 9.69 for PTV2b, P < 0.004). With the use of less PTV margins, significant decrease of the rectal mean dose, V60, V70 and V74 by P < 0.004, P < 0.004, P < 0.0005 and P < 0.009, respectively. Reduction of the CTV1a and CTV1b mean dose by 1.13% and 0.28% in comparison to the initial CTV1a and CTV2a.

Conclusion

A significant improvement of prostatic cancer patients alignment when fiducial markers are used, with more homogenous dose distribution, and with significant decrease in PTV margins. The delivered rectal dose is significantly less allowing prostate dose escalation.
Treatment of aggressive pancreatic solid pseudo-papillary neoplasms with apatinib plus S-1 chemotherapy: A case report and literature review
Authors: Tang Yang , Yang Li , Yuan Xianglin
Published: June 2023

Solid pseudopapillary neoplasm (SPN) is a rare indolent pancreatic neoplasm that occurs mostly in females. Although the malignancy potential is quite limited for SPN, these tumors can sometimes be aggressive and lead to inferior prognosis for male patients. In this case report, we present a special case of a male patient with SPN who experienced an aggressive tumor expansion after two surgical resections. For further treatment, we decided to administer chemotherapy with apatinib and S-1, and subsequent CT/MRI tumor monitoring indicated satisfactory control of tumor expansion. The effectiveness of apatinib plus the S-1 regimen should be tested for more patients with SPN in the future.
Clinical study of IL-18 and NANOG gene polymorphisms in prostate cancer patients*
Authors: Nong Shaojun , Guan Yangbo , Wang Zhiwei , Wei Zhongqing , Zhang Yueping , Ni Jian , He Chongsheng , Ma Limin , Zhou Shujun , Li Wenguang
Published: June 2023

Objective

Recent studies have shown abnormal expression of NANOG and IL-18 to be related to cancer. However, the molecular mechanism by which IL-18 and NANOG gene polymorphisms are associated with prostate cancer is unclear. In this study, we examined whether IL-18 and NANOG gene polymorphisms and their interaction with prostate cancer-related risk factor are associated with the susceptibility to and clinicopathological development of prostate cancer among Chinese men.

Methods

Polymorphisms in the NANOG and IL-18 genes were evaluated for susceptibility in 120 patients with prostate cancer. The control group consisted of 125 samples from Chinese men. Genotyping was conducted using TaqMan allelic discrimination assays. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS software.

Results

No association of NANOG and IL-18 gene polymorphisms and overall prostate cancer susceptibility was detected. The IL-18-607 CC genotype was significantly associated with a higher tumor grade (P = 0.025) and stage (P =0.001). The IL-18-137 GG genotype correlated with a higher tumor grade (P = 0.028) and stage (P = 0.008). The IL-18-137G allele was significantly more frequent in patients with lymph node metastasis (P = 0.035). The IL-18-607 CC genotype was associated with distant metastasis (P = 0.025). However, no significant association was observed between NANOG polymorphisms and any clinicopathological feature. The Cox proportional hazard model showed that tumor grade and stage grouping were independent prognostic factors in IL-18, while IL-18 polymorphism was not. Polymorphism variants in the IL-18 (IL-18-607 and IL-18-137) and NANOG (genotypes AC) genes might be associated with a worse prognosis of patients with prostate cancer.

Conclusion

NANOG may be associated with the early stages of prostate cancer carcinogenesis. IL-18 and NANOG gene polymorphisms may play a major role in the growth, invasion, and metastasis of prostate cancer.
Clinical significance of BRAFV600E and TERT promoter mutation in papillary thyroid microcarcinoma*
Authors: Xue Jincai , Liu Qinjiang , Tian Youxin , Hou Xiaofeng
Published: June 2023

Objective

The objective of this study was to analyze the correlation betweenBRAFV600EandTERTpromoter mutations and papillary thyroid microcarcinoma (PTMC) risk factors, and their importance in the risk assessment of papillary thyroid microcarcinoma.

Methods

This study retrospectively analyzed 107 cases of PTMC, which were diagnosed after the surgery in the department of head and neck surgery in Gansu Province Tumor Hospital from October 2014 to June 2016. The mutations ofBRAFV600EandTERTpromoter were detected by PCR direct sequencing. We analyzed the data using χ2test and binary Logistic regression analysis.

Results

Among 107 patients with PTMC, theBRAFV600EandTERTpromoter mutation rates were 68.2% and 11.2%, respectively. Single factor analysis showed that there was a significant difference between the presence of membrane invasion, lymph node metastasis, andBRAFV600Emutations (P< 0.01). The age, gender, thyroid capsular invasion, poor pathologic subtype, and lymph node metastasis of patients, was significantly associated with theTERTpromoter mutation (P< 0.05) and the coexistence of theBRAFV600EandTERTpromotor mutations; although, there was a difference between the association of these factors with theTERTpromoter mutation and the association of these factors with the coexistence of theBRAFV600EandTERTpromotor mutations. The multifactorial analysis showed that the factors closely related to theBRAFV600Emutation included capsular invasion (P= 0.012) and lymph node metastasis (P= 0.000). The following factors were closely associated with theTERTpromoter mutant: male (P= 0.004), aged < 45 years (P= 0.026), capsular invasion (P= 0.004), pathological subtype (P= 0.030), and lymph node metastasis (P= 0.043). The following factors were closely related to the simultaneous mutation ofBRAFV600EandTERT: male (P= 0.022), capsular invasion (P= 0.023), poor pathological subtype (P= 0.041), and lymph node metastasis (P= 0.030).

Conclusion

The risk of recurrence increases significantly when mutations inBRAFV600EandTERTpromoters occur simultaneously in PTMC and may have adverse outcomes. Combined detection ofBRAFV600EandTERTpromoter mutations is of great value in risk assessment of PTMC.
Primary gastric adenosquamous carcinoma: a case report and literature review
Authors: Jiang Kan , Wu Xiaoyu , Liu Baiying , Li Wenbin , Zhang Taotao , Zhang Xiangwen , Ren Changle , Zu Guo
Published: June 2023

Primary gastric adenosquamous carcinoma (GASC) is exceedingly rare. It accounts for less than 1% of all gastric cancers. In this report, we describe our pathological findings along with a review of the literature to improve our understanding of the disease and reduce misdiagnosis, as well as to provide evidence for its treatment and prognosis. A 49-year-old male patient was admitted to our hospital (Dalian Municipal Central Hospital, Dalian, China) with a complaint of epigastric pain that had persisted for half a month. Physical examination, regular laboratory blood tests, and computed tomography revealed no obvious abnormalities. Gastroscopy revealed ulcers in the lower part of the stomach, and pathological assessment revealed adenocarcinoma. Radical gastrectomy was performed, and the folinic acid, fluorouracil, oxaliplatin (FOLFOX) chemotherapy regimen was administered postoperatively. Pathological assessment of the mass revealed a protruding tumor measuring 1.5 × 1.5 × 0.7 cm in the lower part of the stomach. The tumor infiltrated through the full wall of the stomach. This was confirmed by immunohistochemical (IHC) staining for cytokeratin (CK) (+), villin (-), p63 (++), and high-molecular-weight CK (+++). The patient remains alive with no recurrence more than seven years after surgery. Primary GASC is a rare malignant neoplasm. The diagnostic criteria for GASC mainly depend on the clinical, radiographic, and histopathological findings. Pathological assessment and IHC staining can be utilized to confirm the diagnosis. Radical gastrectomy plus postoperative chemotherapy containing the FOLFOX regimen is effective for treating GASC and might contribute to long-term survival.
The efficacy and safety of thalidomide for treating metastatic breast cancer: a systematic review
Authors: Wang Xin , Xie Yingying , Jing Guanjun , Yu Fang , Ren Yinghong
Published: June 2023

Objective

This systematic review was conducted to investigate the efficacy and safety of thalidomide in metastatic breast cancer (MBC).

Methods

Based on pre-defined inclusion and exclusion criteria, data were independently collected from different databases by three investigators. Overall, three studies were included.

Results

The included studies indicated that no patient achieved a partial or complete response from different thalidomide dose levels. Thalidomide was well-tolerated at doses of 100 mg, 200 mg, and 400 mg. In all three studies, common side effects included constipation, somnolence, fatigue, peripheral neuropathy, and dry mouth. Circulating angiogenic factors were not significantly correlated with disease progression.

Conclusion

The available evidence indicates that single-agent thalidomide has little or no activity in patients with MBC.
Comparison of intra-pleural injection efficacy between Endostar and Bevacizumab combined with pemetrexed/cisplatin for the treatment of malignant pleural effusion in patients with epidermal growth factor receptor-/anaplastic lymphoma kinase-lung adenocarcinoma*
Authors: Cheng Yi , Huang Nan , Qin Kai , Zhao Jing , Xiong Huihua , Yu Shiying , Huang Tingting , Guo Qiuyun
Published: June 2023

Objective

To compare intra-pleural injection efficacy and safety between Endostar and bevacizumab combined with pemetrexed/cisplatin for the treatment of malignant pleural effusion in patients with epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-/anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK)-lung adenocarcinoma.

Methods

Sixty-four pCVatients with EGFR-/ALK- lung adenocarcinoma with malignant pleural effusion (MPE) were admitted to the authors' hospital between January 2016 and June 2017. Patients were randomly divided into two groups: Endostar combined with pemetrexed/cisplatin (Endostar group); and bevacizumab plus pemetrexed/cisplatin (Bevacizumab group). They underwent thoracic puncture and catheterization, and MPE was drained as much as possible. Both groups were treated with pemetrexed 500 mg/m2, intravenous drip (d1), cisplatin 37.5 mg/m2 per time, intra-pleural injection (d1, d3). Patients in the Endostar group were treated with Endostar 30 mg per time, intra-pleural injection (d1, 3), and patients in the Bevacizumab group were treated with bevacizumab 5 mg/kg per time, intra-pleural injection (d1). Only one cycle of treatment was applied. MPE was extracted before treatment and on day 7 after treatment. The levels of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) were determined using ELISA. Efficacy and side effects were evaluated according to the Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST) version 1.1, and National Cancer Institute Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE) version 3.0 criteria.

Results

The objective response rates in the Endostar and Bevacizumab groups were 50.0% and 56.3%, respectively; there was no statistical difference between the groups (P > 0.05). After one cycle of treatment, the mean VEGF levels in MPE in both groups decreased significantly, and there was no significant difference in the degree of decline between the two groups (P > 0.05). In both groups, pre-treatment VEGF levels for patients achieving complete response were significantly higher than those for patients achieving stable disease + progressive disease (P < 0.05). No specific side effects were recorded.

Conclusion

Endostar and Bevacizumab demonstrated similar efficacy in controlling MPE in patients with EGFR-/ALK- lung adenocarcinoma through an anti-angiogenesis pathway, with tolerable side effects. The levels of VEGF in MPE could predict the efficacy of intra-pleural injection of anti-angiogenesis drugs.
Expression and clinical significance of CD90 and CD177 tumor stem cell markers in cervical cancer
Authors: Zhang Qing , Guo Juan
Published: June 2023

Objective

To investigate the expression and clinical significance of CD90 and CD177 in cervical cancer.

Methods

Cases of cervical cancer (n = 102), cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN, n = 52), and benign uterine disease (n = 50) were selected. The positive rates of CD90 and CD177 in the cervical tissues were detected, and the significance of CD90 and CD177 expression was analyzed.

Results

The positive rate of CD90 in normal cervical tissue, CIN, and cervical cancer was 3.7%, 36.5%, and 79.4% respectively. The respective positive rates of CD177 were 1.8%, 32.7%, and 74.5%. The positive rates of CD90 and CD177 in cervical cancer tissues were the highest, followed by CIN tissues (P < 0.05). Multivariate analysis showed that pathological grade, lymph node metastasis, and tumor diameter were independent risk factors affecting the expression of CD90 and CD177 (each P < 0.05). There was a moderate positive correlation between CD90 and CD177 expression (r = 0.679, P = 0.003). The overall survival rate of 102 patients with cervical cancer was 64.7%. There were 33 deaths in the CD90 positive group and 3 in the negative group. The overall survival rates were 59.3% and 85.7% in the CD90 and negative group, respectively. There were 33 deaths in the CD177 positive group and 3 in the negative group. The overall survival rates were 56.6% and 88.5%, respectively. The difference was statistically significant.

Conclusion

The expression of CD90 and CD177 has some adverse effects on the clinicopathological parameters of cervical cancer. The positive expression of CD90 and CD177 is a risk factor for poor prognosis.
Determining the efficacy of vitamin B12 mixed oral liquid in the treatment of radiation-induced esophagitis*
Authors: Tian Yindi , Guo Ya , Ke Yue , Guo Yuyan , Yang Pengtao , Ma Hongbing , Wang Baofeng
Published: June 2023

Objective

This study aimed to investigate the effects of vitamin B12 mixed oral liquid in the treatment of radiation-induced esophagitis in patients with esophageal cancer.

Methods

Seventy-five patients with esophageal cancer who met the enrollment criteria were randomly divided into the vitamin B12 mixed oral liquid group (39 patients in the study group) and the gentamicin mixed oral liquid group (36 patients in the control group). The effects of the two treatment methods on esophagitis grading, pain degree, body weight loss, and Karnofsky performance status (KPS) score in patients with radiation esophagitis were observed.

Results

In the control group, grade 1 radiation esophagitis accounted for 27.8% of the total patients, grade 2 accounted for 41.7%, and grades 3 and 4 accounted for 30.6%. In the vitamin B12 treatment group, grade 1 radiation esophagitis accounted for 66.7% of the total patients, grade 2 accounted for 25.6%, and grades 3 and 4 accounted for 7.7%; there was a significant difference between the vitamin B12 treatment group and control group (P< 0.01). Similarly, pain caused by radiation esophagitis was significantly improved in the vitamin B12 group compared with the control group (P< 0.05). After treatment, the average weight loss of the control group was (2.18 ± 0.36) kg, while that of the vitamin B12 treatment group was (0.90 ± 0.43) kg (P< 0.05). The KPS scores of the vitamin B12 group were higher than those of the control group, which were 86.2 ± 1.2 and 85.6 ± 1.5, respectively, but there was no statistical difference (P> 0.05).

Conclusion

Vitamin B12 mixed oral liquid can effectively reduce the severity of radiation esophagitis, relieve pain, improve patients' quality of life, and increase treatment compliance.
Stereotactic radiotherapy for the treatment of nasopharyngeal carcinoma: a Meta-analysis of 1371 cases in China
Authors: Xu Hanyou
Published: June 2023

Objective

The aim of this study was to clarify the outcomes of stereotactic radiotherapy for the treatment of local residual and (or) local recurrent nasopharyngeal carcinoma and to promote scientific clinical treatment and research on it in China and other countries by creating a large data resource.

Methods

This Meta-analysis conducted a literature search using the China National Knowledge Infrastructure database for all clinical research articles on stereotactic radiotherapy for the treatment of local residual and(or) local recurrent nasopharyngeal carcinoma in China. Data on patient cohort numbers and other research factors were recorded for every relevant clinical research article. Calculated and analyzed these fact sheets to pave the way for the objective of this project.

Results

A total of 40 clinical research articles including 1,371 patients in China from 1998 to 2012 were identified. The average cohort size was 34 patients (range 9-98 patients). The average total radiation dose range was 16-33.6 Gy. The average study or treatment duration was 3.51 years. The calculated average follow-up time was 31.59 months.

Conclusion

The study provided the largest resource for further research and Meta-analyses to determine the clinical pathway of stereotactic radiotherapy for the treatment of local residual and (or) local recurrent nasopharyngeal carcinoma. The results indicated that variability in the total radiation dose, treatment or research time, and follow-up duration may have contributed to the complications and side effects of stereotactic radiotherapy for local residual and (or) local recurrent nasopharyngeal carcinoma in China. The calculated average total radiation dose, follow-up time, and treatment and research durations may be referenced for future treatment and research. This study also proposed worldwide cooperation for the meta-analysis of research articles on stereotactic radiotherapy for treating local residual and (or) local recurrent nasopharyngeal carcinoma.
Analysis of the relationship between deep venous catheter-related infection and post-operative complications in patients receiving minimally invasive esophagectomy
Authors: Huang Xin , Xu Xin , Sun Zhanfa , Chen Jing , Fang Hong
Published: June 2023

Objective

The aim of the study was to evaluate catheter-related infection rate (CRIR) for patients receiving minimally invasive esophagectomy (MIE), to identify the optimal catheterization approach and relationship between CRIR and post-operative complications.

Methods

In total, 168 patients with esophageal carcinoma and undergoing MIE combined with pre-operative deep venous catheterization (DVC) were analyzed in our institution (Qingdao Municipal Hospital, China), from 2014 to 2018. After completing DVC, catheter-tips together with intraductal venous blood samples were sent to the microbiology lab for bacterial strain culture. CRIR was statistically evaluated for the following clinical variables: gender, age, smoking status, drinking status, past history, tumor location, histologic grade, pathological T, N, and M category, anastomotic location, anastomotic leakage, anastomotic stricture, chylothorax, pneumonia, recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) injury, reflux esophagitis, catheterization site, and catheter-locking days.

Results

Among the 144 patients recruited in our study, 105 catheters were inserted into the jugular vein and 39 catheters into the subclavian vein. The median age of these patients was 63 years (range: 42-79 years), and the median catheter-locking period was seven days (range: 4-21 days). Four catheters were identified with three types of strain colonizations, including Staphylococcus epidermidis, Staphylococcus aureus and Blastomyces albicans. Statistical data showed that patients diagnosed with catheter-related infection were likely to incur anastomotic leakage (66.67%, P < 0.001) and pneumonia (27.27%, P < 0.001); features such as tumors located in the upper esophagus (13.6%, P = 0.003), and over seven catheter-locking days (10.00%, P < 0.001) were attributed to a high CRIR.

Conclusion

Although both jugular and subclavian veins can be catheterized for patients with MIE, DVC is associated with more than seven catheter-locking days and upper esophagectomy, due to high CRIR. Furthermore, catheter-related infection is related to anastomotic leakage and pneumonia.
Proton pump inhibitors and stomach neoplasm
Authors: Guo Jinkun , Zhou Zhongyin
Published: June 2023

This study aimed to explore the relationship between proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) and gastric tumors and determine the reasons behind these connections. We reviewed studies on PPIs and stomach tumors. We explored the relationship between PPIs and different types of gastric neoplasms according to the classification of gastric neoplasms. Long-term use of PPIs is associated with stomach infection, high gastrin levels, and rebound acid hypersecretion, which are directly or indirectly related to the development of gastric neoplasms. PPIs can increase the risk of gastric fundal polyps. Further evidence is needed to prove that it can increase the risk of gastric cancer.
Effects of enteral nutrition intervention on immune and nutritional indexes of patients with gastric malignant cancer during postoperative chemotherapy
Authors: Qi Xinhui , Qu Shuxian , Du Cheng , Qiu Jianing , Liu Yongming , Li Jingyu , Zheng Zhendong
Published: June 2023

Objective

The aim of this study was to investigate changes in nutritional status and related indexes in patients with Nutritional Risk Score (NRS) ≥ 3 gastric cancer after nutritional support treatment.

Methods

A total of 50 patients with gastric cancer were divided into two groups according to the different nutritional support treatment they received during postoperative chemotherapy: immune-enhanced enteral nutrition group (n= 25) and conventional enteral nutrition group (n= 25). Changes in patient’ body mass index (BMI), hemoglobin (HB), serum total protein (TP), serum albumin (ALB), and immune indexes (CD3+, CD4+/CD8+, CD3+/CD8+) were monitored before and after chemotherapy. At the same time, the incidence and classification of gastrointestinal adverse reactions after chemotherapy were assessed.

Results

Compared with the conventional enteral nutrition group, the nutritional and immune indexes in the immune-enhanced enteral nutrition group were significantly improved. After chemotherapy, the incidence of adverse reactions in the digestive tract was relatively lower and the grade was reduced.

Conclusion

Immune-enhanced enteral nutrition support can significantly improve the nutritional status of patients, improve immune function, increase the susceptibility of cancer patients to chemotherapy, reduce toxicity and adverse effects, and improve the quality of life of tumor patients compared with conventional enteral nutrition support.
Impact of IL-18 gene promoter polymorphisms on renal cell carcinoma occurrence and prognosis in Chinese Han population*
Authors: Nong Shaojun , Guan Yangbo , Wei Zhongqing , Zhang Yueping , Cheng Bin , He Chongsheng , Ma Limin , Zhou Shujun , Li Wenguang , Ni Jian , Wang Zhiwei
Published: June 2023

Objective

Genetic polymorphisms in various inflammatory cytokines have been associated with the risk and growth or invasiveness of renal cell carcinoma (RCC). However, the molecular basis of RCC pathogenesis is unclear. The aim of this study was to explore a possible association between two IL-18 gene promoter polymorphisms, -137G/C and -607C/A, and RCC occurrence and prognosis in a Chinese Han population.

Methods

Chinese Han patients with RCC (n = 175) and age-matched healthy controls (n = 200) were analyzed by single nucleotide polymorphism genotyping during follow-up.

Results

IL-18-137G allele frequency was significantly higher in patients with lymph node metastasis (Odds ratio [OR], 3.52; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.97-16.17; P = 0.045). The IL-18-607 CC genotype was associated with distant metastasis (OR, 2.81; 95% CI, 1.35-6.24; P = 0.025). The IL-18-137 G allele was correlated with more advanced tumor stage (OR, 1.83; 95% CI, 1.05-3.72; P = 0.026) and higher tumor grade (OR, 2.23; 95% CI, 0.78-4.12; P = 0.041). The IL-18-607 CC genotype frequency was significantly higher in patients with more advanced cancer stage (OR, 2.92; 95% CI, 1.80-6.87; P = 0.001) and higher tumor grade (OR, 2.21; 95% CI, 1.25-12.25; P = 0.035). The IL-18-607 allele was associated with more advanced cancer stage (OR, 2.47; 95% CI, 1.38-3.83; P = 0.002).Carriers of the GG genotype with the -137G/ C polymorphism had a 2.165-times higher risk of RCC progression than carriers of the GC genotype (Hazard ratio = 2.15, 95% CI, 1.270-3.687).

Conclusion

The IL-18-137 G allele was correlated with more advanced stage, higher tumor grade, and lymph node metastasis. IL-18 gene promoter polymorphism -137G/C may thus influence the prognosis of RCC patients.
Gastric cancer with soft tissue metastasis of the abdominal wall: a case report
Authors: Guo Tenglong , Yang Huiliang , Xue Jiaming , Li Wenbin , Zhang Taotao , Zhang Xiangwen , Zu Guo
Published: June 2023

Abdominal wall metastasis of gastric cancer (GC) is a very rare occurrence in the clinic setting. We recently diagnosed and treated a patient with abdominal wall metastasis of GC and we hope to provide some helpful guidance on the clinical diagnosis and treatment of this disease.A 49-year-old male patient with GC was admitted to our hospital (Dalian Municipal Central Hospital, Dalian, China) complaining of left upper abdominal wall mass. Physical examination and regular laboratory blood tests showed no obvious abnormalities. Ultrasound and CT of the abdomen showed a subcutaneous solid mass in the abdominal wall. Radical gastrectomy was performed on February 27, 2019, six months after it was first noticed by the patient. Pathological examination and immunohistochemistry showed GC with abdominal metastasis. Postoperative radiotherapy or chemotherapy was not pursued after the second operation and no recurrence or metastasis has been noted so far. GC with abdominal metastasis is very rare and can be easily missed or misdiagnosed. For metastasis to a single site in the abdominal wall, surgical resection, which is recommended, may improve patient outcomes.
Modified Appleby operation for carcinoma of the pancreatic body and tail
Authors: Huang Dongfang
Published: June 2023

This is a case of a pancreatic tumor with invasion of the celiac stem treated using the modified Appleby operation. Preoperatively, routine B-ultrasound, computed tomography, and magnetic resonance imaging were performed. In the perioperative period, the combined gallbladder was excised; the duration of the operation was 5 h and volume of blood loss was approximately 500 ml. Postoperatively, the liver function temporarily returned and after a liver protection treatment, it returned to normal within 2 weeks. The liver had normal arterial blood supply, and the postoperative course was uneventful. It is safe and feasible to resect the whole pancreatic body and tail tumor combined with celiac stem resection. It can improve the resection rate of tumor and relieve pain.
Neurotrophin 3 hinders the growth and metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma cells*
Authors: Zhao Shengnan , Chen Aixia , Cao Jingyu , Wang Zusen , Hu Weiyu , Zhou Fei , Liang Donghai , Yu Hongsheng
Published: June 2023

Objective

Neurotrophin 3 (NTF3) is involved in numerous biological processes; however, its role in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is not well studied. This study investigated NTF3 function in HCC progression and revealed its underlying molecular mechanisms.

Methods

The prognostic relevance of NTF3 was determined through a bioinformatical analysis of publicly available TCGA data. Immunohistochemistry of HCC biopsies was performed to explore the expression of NTF3. Cell growth and proliferation were analyzed using a Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) assay. Cell invasion and migration were analyzed using Boyden Transwell and wound healing assays. Protein expression and mRNA levels were evaluated through immunoblotting and quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). Cell apoptosis was evaluated with flow cytometry.

Results

NTF3 expression was significantly lower in HCC tissues than in adjacent non-tumor tissues. Low NTF3 expression was significantly associated with decreased patient survival and specific clinicopathological features. NTF3 overexpression reduced the proliferation, migration, and invasion abilities of HCC cell lines.

Conclusion

Decreased expression of NTF3 is associated with poor prognosis in HCC patients, likely due to its action in promoting HCC cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. Our findings provide a novel understanding into the pathogenesis of HCC and the role of NTF3 in tumor progression, suggesting that targeting NTF3 has potential therapeutic and diagnostic value for HCC.
Expression of PD-1/PD-L1 in lung adenocarcinoma and its clinical significance*
Authors: Li Jian , Chen Yimin
Published: June 2023

Objective

This study aimed to investigate PD-1/PD-L1 expression in lung adenocarcinoma and its relationship with EGFR/KRAS mutation.

Methods

The expression levels of PD-1 and PD-L1 in lung adenocarcinoma were detected. Clinicopathological parameters were collected and followed up. The effects of PD-1 and PD-L1 expression on clinicopathological parameters and prognosis of patients with lung adenocarcinoma were statistically analyzed.

Results

PD-L1 and PD-1 were mainly located in the membrane and cytoplasm of tumor cells. The positive expression rates of PD-1 and PD-L1 were 53% and 40%, respectively. Positive PD-1 expression had a significant effect on the incidence of KRAS mutation (P < 0.05), while PD-L1 expression significantly affected the incidence of EGFR mutation (P < 0.05). Overexpression of PD-1 and PD-L1 had a significant negative effect on disease-free survival (DFS) in patients with lung adenocarcinoma (P<0.05) but had no significant effect on overall survival (P > 0.05). EGFR gene mutation, high PD-1 expression, high PD-L1 expression, N stage, and AJCC stage were independent risk factors of DFS (P < 0.05).

Conclusion

High PD-1/PD-L1 expression is closely related to the occurrence of lung adenocarcinoma and can be used as an independent factor to assess the prognosis of patients with lung adenocarcinoma. There were negative correlations between PD-L1 expression and EGFR mutation and between PD-1 expression and KRAS mutation.
Efficacy and adverse reactions of apatinib as second-line or later-line treatment in advanced lung cancer
Authors: Ren Tao , Wu Yan
Published: June 2023

Objective

The objective was to investigate the prognostic factors of advanced lung cancer treated with apatinib by log-rank regression analysis.

Methods

Sixty patients with advanced stage lung cancer confirmed at The First People’s Hospital of Nanning between January 2018 and December 2018 who had received a second-line treatment or a treatment above this level were included. All patients were treated with 425 mg/d apatinib orally for a 28-day course of treatment. Log-rank regression analysis of remission rates, disease control rates, adverse events, and prognostic factors in all patients was performed.

Results

After treatment, the total remission rate was 6.7%, and the disease control rate was 61.7% (37/60). Progression-free survival was 3.2 ± 0.1 months, and overall survival was 5.3 ± 0.5 months. The overall incidence of grade 3-4 adverse reactions was 15.0% (9/60), and these adverse reactions were significantly relieved by reducing the drug dose or suspending drug use. Differentiation degree, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) score, and adverse reactions were all important and independent risk factors affecting the prognosis of patients (P < 0.05).

Conclusion

Apatinib treatment could effectively inhibit the progress of the disease for patients with advanced lung cancer and prolong their survival with relatively mild toxicity and side effects, which is beneficial to patient tolerance. Moreover, the degree of differentiation, ECOG score, and adverse reactions could affect the prognosis of patients.
Comparable outcomes but higher risks of prolonged viral RNA shedding duration and secondary infection in cancer survivors with COVID-19: A multi-center, matched retrospective cohort study*
Authors: Peng Hui , Wang Sheng , Mei Qi , Dai Yuhong , Li Jian , Li Ming , Halfter Kathrin , Jiang Xueyan , Huang Qin , Wang Lei , Wei Wei , Liu Ru , cao Zhen , Daba Motuma Yigezu , Wang Fangfang , Zhou Bingqing , Qiu Hong , Yuan Xianglin
Published: June 2023

Objective

To identify the differences in clinical features and outcomes between cancer survivors and non-cancer patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).

Methods

In this multicenter, retrospective, and observational cohort study from February 10, 2020 to March 31, 2020 in Wuhan, China, all cancer survivors infected with COVID-19 were screened, and statistically matched with non-cancer patients with COVID-19 using propensity score matching. Demographic, clinical, treatment, and laboratory data were extracted from a standardized medical recording system and underwent review and assessment.

Results

Sixty-one cancer survivors and 183 matched non-cancer patients were screened from 2,828 COVID-19 infected patients admitted to 4 hospitals in Wuhan, China. The median ages of the cancer survivor cohort and non-cancer patient cohort were 64.0 (55.0-73.0) and 64.0 (54.0-73.5), respectively (P = 0.909). Cancer survivors reported a higher incidence of symptom onset than non-cancer patients. Fever (80.3% vs. 65.0%; P = 0.026) was the most prevalent symptom, followed by cough (65.6% vs. 37.7%; P < 0.001), myalgia, and fatigue (45.9% vs. 13.6%; P < 0.001). The risks of the development of severe events (adjusted hazard ratio [AHR] = 1.25; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.76-2.06; P = 0.378) and mortality (relative risk [RR] = 0.90, 95% CI: 0.79-1.04; P = 0.416) in the cancer survivor cohort were comparable to those of the matched non-cancer patient cohort. However, the cancer survivor cohort showed a higher incidence of secondary infection (52.5% vs. 30.1%; RR = 1.47, 95% CI: 1.11-1.95; P = 0.002) and a prolonged viral RNA shedding duration (32 days [IQR 26.0-46.0] vs.24.0 days [IQR 18.0-33.0]; AHR = 0.54; 95% CI: 0.38-0.80; P < 0.05).

Conclusion

Compared to non-cancer patients, cancer survivors with COVID-19 exhibited a higher incidence of secondary infection, a prolonged period of viral shedding, but comparable risks of the development of severe events and mortality. It is helpful for clinicians to take tailored measures to treat cancer survivors with COVID-19.
Study on the antitumor effects of autologous and allogeneic CIK cells in patients with breast cancer*
Authors: Chen Xia , Dai Zhijian , Lu Xiangji , Ren Meng , Guo Zhenshan , Gao Yanwei
Published: June 2023

Objective

This study aimed to compare the anti-tumor effects of cytokine-induced killer (CIK) cells induced by autologous cytokines in patients with breast cancer and those of allogeneic CIK cells from healthy adults.

Methods

We used conventional methods to induce CIK cells originating from two peripheral blood mononuclear cell types (from patients with breast cancer and healthy adults). Killing activity was detected using an LDH assay, immunophenotypic changes were analyzed by flow cytometry, and the IFN-γ level of culture supernatants was detected by ELISA.

Results

The results showed that the proliferative capacity of the allogeneic CIK cells was significantly higher than that of the autologous CIK cells. Compared with autologous CIK cells, the allogeneic CIK cells had significantly enhanced anti-tumor activity against SKBR-3 cells (P < 0.01) and IFN-γ secretion (P < 0.05); moreover, they increased the ratio of CD3+ CD56+ cells and CD3+ CD8+ cells (P < 0.05).

Conclusion

Healthy adult-derived induced CIK cells exhibited a stronger anti-tumor effect than induced CIK cells derived from patients with breast cancer. The results of this study could provide experimental evidence for the clinical application of CIK cells.
Autophagy-related lncRNA and its related mechanism in colon adenocarcinoma
Authors: Tan Feifei , Zhou Zhongyin
Published: June 2023

Objective

Colon cancer is a type of cancer with high morbidity and mortality, of which adenocarcinoma is the most common type. Numerous studies have found that long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are related to the occurrence and development of colon cancer. Autophagy is a key metabolic process in the human body and has a role in affecting cancer growth. In this study, our aim was to explore the correlation between lncRNAs and colon adenocarcinoma (COAD) from the perspective of autophagy.

Methods

A series of bioinformatics methods were used to explore the correlation between lncRNA and COAD from the perspective of autophagy.

Results

Four autophagy-related lncRNAs related to the prognosis of COAD were identified: EB1-AS1, LINC02381, AC011462.4, and AC016876.1. These four lncRNAs may act as oncogenes involved in the occurrence and development of COAD. The prognostic model was established, and the accuracy of the model was verified by the receiver operating characteristic curve. The risk score of the model could independently predict the prognosis of patients and was preferable to other clinical indicators, with higher values indicating a worse prognosis of the patients. Gene Set Enrichment Analysis was performed for these four lncRNAs, which showed that the high expression group of these were enriched in the basal cell carcinoma pathway. To make it more convenient for clinicians to use, we constructed a nomogram based on age and risk score, which can be used to evaluate the one-, three-, and five-year survival rates of patients.

Conclusion

These results can help us understand the mechanism of action of lncRNA on COAD from the perspective of autophagy and may provide new directions for the diagnosis and treatment of COAD. The EB1-AS1 gene in this study is a potential candidate biological target for COAD treatment in the future.
In memory of Academician Mengchao Wu, the pioneer of Chinese hepatobiliary surgery
Authors: Chen Xiaoping
Published: June 2023

I have two important reasons for writing this. First, I want to commemorate the Academician Mengchao Wu I knew - a venerable man who, though gone, has left behind a spirit that will continue to inspire people forever. He was a man of conviction with a resolute sense of his mission; he brought honor to his country and his generation. Second, I want people to know about his contributions, character, teachings, and influence and see them as a legacy to be embraced and passed down to younger generations as a beacon and stars that light the way and continue to shine into the future.
Association of 2-methoxyestradiol levels with the occurrence and development of endometrial cancer in humans*
Authors: Zhao Huanhuan , Li Junyu , Liu Yan , Li Li
Published: June 2023

Objective

The aim of the study was to determine the association of urinary levels of estradiol (E2) and 2-methoxyestradiol (2-MeOE2) with the occurrence and development of endometrial cancer.

Methods

In this case-control study, 24-h urine specimens were collected from 28 postmenopausal patients with endometrial cancer and 28 postmenopausal healthy female controls. The concentration of 2-MeOE2 was determined using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry with hollow fiber liquid-phase microextraction. The concentration of E2 was determined using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.

Results

Estrogen levels were different between the patients with endometrial cancer and controls. The relative quantity of E2 in the case group was higher than that in the control group (P < 0.05), whereas that of 2-MeOE2 was lower in the case group than that in the control group (P < 0.05). The ratio of E2-to-2-MeOE2 in the case group was significantly higher than that in the control group (P < 0.05).

Conclusion

The results of this study indicate an imbalance of estrogen metabolites in endometrial carcinogenesis. Reduced 2-MeOE2 levels and elevated E2-to-2-MeOE2 ratio may be used as potential biomarkers for the risk assessment of estrogen-induced endometrial cancer.