bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PENGEMBANGAN MEDIA AUDIO VISUAL SEJARAH KOLONIALISME BARAT DI INDONESIA MATERI BENTENG MARLBOROUGH BENGKULU
Authors: Kurniawan Hamzah
Published: June 2021

Media audio visual adalah bentuk multimedia. Multimedia merupakan salah satu media yang dapat digunakan dalam proses pembelajaran. Berdasarkan observasi yang dilakukan di SMA Negeri 4 Palembang, dilihat dari kegiatan pembelajaran pada mata pelajaran sejarah masih belum memaksimalkan multimedia, hal ini disebabkan antara lain guru dalam proses pembelajaran masih menggunakan media pembelajaran yang masih berbentuk visual, untuk dikategorikan sebagai media hal tersebut belum mencangkup materi secara keseluruhan. Media audio visual ini dipilih untuk mengatasi permasalahan tersebut, dengan pertimbangan untuk memanfaatkan fasilitas yang telah tersedia di SMA Negeri 4 Palembang. Tujuan pengembangan media ini adalah menghasilkan suatu produk media pembelajaran sejarah khususnya materi Sejarah Kolonialisme Barat di Indonesia Materi Benteng Marlborough Bengkulu dapat dijadikan alternatif dalam pencapaian tujuan pembelajaran. Penelitian ini menggunakan model perkembangan melalui sepuluh tahap berikut: (1) penelitian dan pengumpulan informasi, (2) perencanaan, (3) mengembangkan awal dari produk, (4) pengujian lapangan awal, (5) revisi awal produk, (6) uji coba pertama, (7) perbaikan dan penyempurnaan produk, (8) validasi produk, (9) revisi produk akhir, (10) menyebarluaskan produk. Hasil pengembangan media audio visual tergolong baik, meliputi penilaian dari media berada pada kriteria baik, penilaian dari isi media baik serta penilaian dari guru mata pelajaran sejarah di sekolah yang berada pada kriteria baik.
PENGARUH MODEL PEMBELAJARAN STUDENT FACILITATOR AND EXPLAINING TERHADAP HASIL BELAJAR SISWA PADA MATA PELAJARAN SEJARAH KELAS X DI SMA NEGERI 3 PALEMBANG
Authors: Sarinah Sarinah , Ahyani Nur , Zamhari Ahmad
Published: June 2021

Model dalam pembelajaran memiliki fungsi sebagai jembatan atau media tranformasi pelajaran terhadap proses belajar siswa secara efektif, sesuai dengan materi yang disampaikan dalam pencapaian tujuan pembelajaran. Masalah dalam penelitian ini adalah adakah pengaruh model pembelajaran student facilitator and explaining terhadap hasil belajar siswa pada mata pelajaran sejarah kelas X di SMA Negeri 3 Palembang. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui ada atau tidaknya pengaruh model pembelajaran student facilitator and explaining terhadap hasil belajar siswa pada mata pelajaran sejarah kelas X di SMA Negeri 3 Palembang. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah siswa kelas X di SMA Negeri 3 Palembang dan sampel Â penelitian ini adalah siswa kelas X.7 dengan jumlah siswa 36 orang sebagai kelas eksperimen dan kelas X.8 dengan jumlah siswa 36 orang (50) sebagai kelas kontrol. Dari hasil penelitian terbukti bahwa â€œada pengaruh penerapan model pembelajaran student facilitator and explaining terhadap hasil belajar siswa pada mata pelajaran sejarah kelas X di SMA Negeri 3 Palembangâ€. Dengan nilai rata-rata kelas eksperimen 79,75, sedangkan kelas kontrol 70,86. Sehingga didapat Â 4,728 dan Â 1,66691. Dengan ini dapat disimpulkan Â  â‰¥ sehingga Â ditolak dan Â diterima.
Seismic Response of Two Engineering-Geological Sites of the Kanevskaya Pumped Storage Power Plant Territory
Authors: Semenova Yuliya
Published: June 2021

The article examines the influence of the peculiarities of local soil conditions on the manifestations of earthquakes on the free surface on the example of the territory of the Kanevskaya pumped storage power plant. The study area was divided into 2 engineering-geological sites with the expected different seismic effect. A comparison is made of the frequency characteristics of the soil of both plots and the maximum values of the amplitude Fourier spectra on the free surface, obtained as envelopes of the Fourier spectra calculated for 26 input seismic motions. The change with the depth of peak shear strain in soil sections of both sites is also considered.
Comparison of MTF Measurement Methods in CT Images for Various Reconstruction Kernels
Authors: Arisyi Fakhri Ramadhani , Anam Choirul , Widodo Catur Edi
Published: June 2021

This study aimed to compare several methods of measuring the modulation transfer function (MTF) for different reconstruction kernels, using a point phantom, a small-circular (S-circular) Teflon object, and the automated edge of a PMMA phantom. The copper wire section of a phantom was used for the point method. The small-circular (S-circular) teflon object within the HU linearity section was used for measuring MTF using ImQuest software. The automated edge of a PMMA phantom was used to automatically measure the MTF. The three methods were implemented in images reconstructed with ten different kernels. It was found that the three methods produced comparable MTFs for all the kernels used. However, the automated edge of the PMMA phantom produced slightly smaller spatial resolutions compared with the two other methods. The differences between the automated edge of PMMA and the point method were small, i.e. 0.04 cycle/mm for both 10% MTF and 50% MTF. The differences between the automated edge of PMMA and the S-circular phantom were 0.05 cycle/mm and 0.03 cycle/mm for 10% MTF and 50% MTF. We found that the “UA” kernel produced the lowest spatial resolution values of 0.32, 0.33, and 0.31 cycle/mm of 50% MTF for point, S-circular object, and automated edge PMMA, respectively. The “YD” produced the highest spatial resolution values of 0.78, 0.76, and 0.67 cycle/mm of 10% MTF for point, S-circular object, and automated edge PMMA, respectively. We successfully compared three methods of MTF measurement. The three methods produce comparable MTFs, so that each method can be used for accurately measuring MTF depending on phantom and software available in the CT center.
Words Reflect Man - A Review on Opinion Mining
Authors: Solanki Nidhi N. , Shah Dr. Dipti B.
Published: June 2021

Opinion mining plays a great role to understand the customers more whether he is happy or not. Today’s formula of success is the satisfactory customer. Users express their opinion on various social sites. This paper describes a brief overview of techniques, challenges, and the basic flow of the opinion mining process. Less work is done on code mix language. Unstructured data and lack of the right algorithms and packages result in accuracy compromise. The development of an optimal model will help in providing better services to viewers and empowering relationships.
Effects of Wood Vinegar and Bio char on Germination of Pakchoi Seeds under Different Cadmium Stress Conditions
Authors: Ju YongChol , Zhang Xu , Jong Chol , Yun TaeHo , Ri IINam , Son ChangHo , Chae KyuChol
Published: June 2021

Wood vinegar is widely used as a strong antioxidant, bacteria prevention, plant growth agent, an insecticide, and its effectiveness is shown in heavy metal treatment at this time.Wood vinegar liquid contains organic acids and phenols, which are effective in adsorbing heavy metals. Although a lot of studies have been conducted on the adsorption of heavy metals from biochar, the effect of mixing biochar and wood vinegar liquid on plant budding, and soil heavy metal morphology changes few studies have been analyzed.
This paper analyzes the effects of Wood vinegar and biochar on the sprouting of pakchoi grown in different threats of cadmium from the nature of Wood vinegar. As a result, it was confirmed that the optimum concentration of the applied fertilizer wood vinegar that lowers the plant effectiveness of Cadmium was 1.0%. The fresh weight of pakchoi changed significantly in the order of biochar + wood vinegar 1.0% mixing> biochar> control. When 5.0% Biochar was mixed with 1.0% wood vinegar, the immobilization effect of the residual state and the carbonate bound cadmium in the soil was the highest. The combined application of wood vinegar and biochar promotes the germination of pakchoi, and has a significant inactivation effect on cadmium-contaminated soil; the results of analyzing the effectiveness of the mixing of wood vinegar and biochar and separate fertilization for each soil index show that, Compared to before sowing the pH ratio of the mixed treatment of biochar + wood vinegar is higher than that of the single treatment zone, which is as high as between 6.6-6.8, the EC is reduced to 2-59mS/cm width, and the CEC is increased by 0.27-2.21 times. It shows that under heavy metal stress, the mixed treatment of biochar+wood vinegar solution 1.0% is more effective than the treatment of biochar alone and the control.
Vegetation Analysis of Kanewal Wetland, Gujarat
Authors: Gajjar Juhi , Solanki Dr. Hitesh
Published: June 2021

Wetland provides various plant species. These plants are use as food, fodder, timber, it is use as medicine, provide shelter for birds, as well as water-birds, migratory birds, local animals and human. Kanewal Wetland is an Irrigation Reservoir. Vegetation of Kanewal is very rich in diversity. Study shows presence of Different species of Angiosperms and pteridophytes. Vegetation analysis were done for year 2018-2019 for every season. Families of species are classified in to monocot and dicot. Many plant species grown there which is very important medicinally as well.
Analysis of Best Algorithm for Noise Reduction in Podcasting
Authors: Naik Siya Sadashiv , Bhatikar Gouri , Ugam Gaude
Published: June 2021

Podcast allows recording of audio file on any topic. It is like an interview where one person questions and another person replies back to that question. Podcasting requires both the people to be present physically at one location. But recently, due to the pandemic, it is conducted online which most of the time results in poor quality of the audio. One of the reasons for the same is the presence of noise in it. This paper compares various noise reduction algorithms and also states the best algorithm to solve the above problem. We carried out our experiment on various audio files. Results were compared against various noise reduction methods and best ratio was obtained for Spectral Gating Algorithm.
Overview of Recent Developments in Flood Mitigation Techniques with Respect to Indian Subcontinent
Authors: Pusdekar Prashant N. , Dudul S. V.
Published: June 2021

Number of natural calamities like earthquake, cyclone, landslide, pandemics etc are known to have devastating impact on human life but flood hazards are severe and frequent in nature. Every year, floods strike many parts of the world and result in huge loss of life and property. The trends in flood damages have been increasing exponentially mainly due to growing population, investments in flood affected areas and changes in land-use land cover patterns in upstream regions. Climate change is also playing a major role in increased number of flood events so it is also likely that flooding would be more frequent and widespread in future due to the extreme weather events perceived to be induced by changing climate. In addition, the social and environmental changes are further expected to increase the risk and cost of these natural disasters. This paper presents the overview of different factors related directly or indirectly with flood risk assessment, different strategies adopted by Government for mitigation of flood, flood damage statistics, impact on social, economic and infrastructural perspective.
Land Use - Land Cover Change Analysis of Karur Town - A GIS Approach
Authors: Ravichandran S. , Manonmani I. K.
Published: June 2021

Land use / Land cover change is one of the most sensitive factors that show the interactions between human activities and the ecological environment. This research study demonstrated the importance of geographical information system and remote sensing technologies in spatial temporal data analysis and also this paper shows a GIS and remote sensing approach for modeling of spatial - temporal pattern of land use and land cover change (LULC) in a fastest growing towns / industrial region of Karur town. QGIS 3.10 version and Arc GIS 10.2 software platforms were utilized in the study for Image processing, LULC mapping and change detection analysis. USGS Earth explorer Landsat series satellite imageries were acquired and LULC maps were prepared for the years 1991, 2000, 2010 and 2020. Supervised classification with maximum likelihood algorithm is adopted for LULC classification. The LULC classes are Built upland, Agricultural land, Barren land and Water body based on NRSA Level – I supervised classification. The Built-up area has drastically increased from 1991 to 2020. It has increased more than double. It was 17 percent in 1991 and increased to 40 percent in 2020. This clearly shows Karur town is the becoming more and more urbanized.
A Review on Forecasting Models of Natural Gas
Authors: Thalor Dr. Meenakshi , Choudhary Ritesh , Jangid Ajay , Gandhecha Deep , Bhat Rishab
Published: June 2021

This work gives away a survey of different published papers related to forecasting techniques in natural gas demand and consumption. Demand forecasting plays an important role in the company's decision making and inventory management process. It is important for local natural gas distributors to accurately predict the natural gas needs of their customers. While classifying the recent natural gas demand forecasting techniques, we have taken into account their methodologies, approach, data size, performance, results and limitations. Aim of this survey paper is to present a classified study of liquefied petroleum gas and natural gas related assets forecasting algorithms. This study provides readers with an understanding of the recent research in the natural gas supply-demand forecasting techniques.
Heart Disease Prediction Based on Optimized Random Forest Model Using Machine Learning
Authors: Jamadar Prof. R. A. , Garje Aarati , Bhorde Tejasvi , Jadhav Vaishnavi
Published: June 2021

Heart disease is one amongst the key causes of death now-a-days. Prediction of the center sickness is troublesome, time overwhelming and expensive, therefore we tend to try to beat it. This analysis is to assist individuals, as we all know prediction of upset may be a vital challenge and it’s expensive that most of the individuals can’t afford and lacking behind due to these, therefore to assist them for obtaining done this tests in low value, we tend to try to develop cardiovascular disease prediction system victimization machine learning. As there square measure several systems designed for machine-controlled coronary failure testing however it's some drawbacks like over fitting that we tend to try to beat in our system and implementing system which is able to show smart performance and have high accuracy as compared to alternative systems. Experiment is performed victimization on-line clinical coronary failure dataset. The projected methodology is a smaller amount complicated with high accuracy of report. They contributes towards study square measure as follows: one. AN intelligent learning system RSA-RF is projected for the machine-controlled detection of coronary failure. The projected RSA-RF model was projected and developed for the primary time for the center failure detection. Previously, RSA algorithms have shown winning applications in looking best hyper parameters of a model. This paper presents its application in looking best set of options. 2. The developed learning system improves coronary failure prediction of typical random forest model by three.3% and shows higher performance than eleven recently projected strategies and alternative state of the art machine learning models for coronary failure detection. Moreover, the projected methodology shows lower time complexness because it reduces the amount of options[1].
Evaluation of Dietary Fiber and the Effect on Physicochemical Properties of Foods
Authors: Hamad Ahmed M A
Published: June 2021

Dietary fiber considered a main ingredient of food products. The Increased attention of DF in food products is caused by an increased interest in developing health foods, Dietary fiber is consisting polysaccharides and oligosaccharides, and cellulose hemicelluloses, resistant starch, pectin substances, and gums, also the of DF has wide application in food processing because its technological properties. for exampleDF could extend the shelf-life of the product by the water-holding capacity the DF important in the human diet. the food rich in fibre such as cereals, nuts, fruits and vegetables have a positive effect on health since their consumption help in prevent many diseases. Dietary fibre can be used in many functional foods like drinks, beverages, bakery, and meat products. effect of different processing treatments (like cooking, canning, grinding, boiling, frying) change the physico-chemical properties of dietary fibre and improves their functionality. Dietary fibre can be analytical by different methods, mainly by: enzymic gravimetric and enzymic- chemical methods. This paper presents the classification, applications, and functions of dietary fibre in different food products.
A Study on Greedy Technique in Container Loading Problem and Knapsack Problem
Authors: Sathyapriya S. , Arundhathi V. , Aiswarya K. , Aarthi S. R. , Vishnu S.
Published: June 2021

The main aim of the paper is to use application of greedy algorithm in container loading problem and Knapsack problem. Greedy method gives an optimal solution to the problem by considering the inputs one at a time, checking to see if it can be included in the set of values which give an optimal solution and then check if it is the feasible solution. The Greedy algorithm could be understood very well with a well-known problem referred to as container loading problem and Knapsack problem. The basic Container Loading Problem can be defined as the problem of placing a set of boxes into the container respecting the geometric constraints: the boxes cannot overlap and cannot exceed the dimensions of the container. The knapsack problem is in combinatorial optimization problem. It appears as a sub problem in many, more complex mathematical models of real world problems.
Development of Latent Fingerprints on Non-Porous Surface with Fluorescent Dye Based Small Particle Reagent
Authors: Verma Akshita , Nisha  , Banerjee Dr. Tulika , Sodhi Dr. G. S.
Published: June 2021

Fingerprints are a useful source of evidence in establishing the identity of the person and hold large importance in crime scene investigations. A diverse range of physical and chemical methods are available for the development of latent fingerprints, but limited work is done on detection of prints from wet non-porous surfaces. The study aimed at developing a novel method for identification of latent fingerprints from such a type of surface. Small Particle Reagent was prepared using non-toxic chemicals and was proven to be effective in detecting latent fingerprints on Aluminum Foil. Fluorescent component, Basic Yellow-40 dye was used in the formulation. The Shelf life of the SPR solution was also considered an important factor in the study and was found to be 25 days.
Smart Farming Using IOT
Authors: M Ms. Sunitha , Reddy K Kishore Kumar , Reddy G Venkateswara , Reddy B Paramesh , Reddy A Bhooma
Published: June 2021

In this Project we are designing based on irrigation control using Raspberry Pi, which is designed to tackle the problems of agricultural sector regarding irrigation system with available water resources. In this project, monitoring agriculture field we have used different sensors like soil moisture sensor, temperature sensor and rain sensor with raspberry pi. These monitoring data can be observed on android App. System is worked on two modes,1. auto mode 2. manual mode. In android app we can observe values of all sensors for every 5 or 10 seconds with time and date. According to that values user can on-off the water pump using android app, because it is smart system, it takes its own decision for on-off water pump
Face, Expression and Gesture Recognition and Compilation in Database Using Machine Learning
Authors: Wakhare Prof. Prashant , More Vaishnavi , Surdi Rutuja , Patil Kajal , Ingale Vishwadip
Published: June 2021

In today's scenario, numbers of crimes have increased day by day. At many public places government has placed many CCTV cameras so police can get that CCTV footage to identify the suspects but sometimes it becomes difficult to recognize the criminals So here we have come up with a solution to make this process smooth, easier than the traditional one. The system which automates all the suspect recognition process and provides better solutions to reduce the increasing rate of crimes. We plan to design a system to capture face, expressions and gestures of the targeted people (Criminals) through distributed CCTV System and are maintaining it in a database along with time and location stamp. The compiled database will be used to identify suspects from video clips of crime related CCTV footage captured series of CCTV Systems located on routes and close to scene of crime. This research discusses the various types of methodologies that can be used to identify the suspects which are captured in CCTV footage and convert it into useful information for further analysis of particular crime cases.
Next generation sequencing in Western Indian children with nephrolithiasis and/or nephrocalcinosis: An observational study
Authors: Anshuman Saha  , Kinnari B. Vala  , Himanshu V. Patel
Published: June 2021

Background: About half of children with nephrolithiasis and/or nephrocalcinosis (NL/NC) have an underlying metabolic cause. Next-generation sequencing (NGS) is increasingly being used as a clinical tool in diagnosing inherited renal diseases. Objective: The objective of the study was to retrospectively analyze the utility of NGS in the diagnosis and management of children with NL/NC at a tertiary care referral nephrology center in western India. Methods: All children ?18 years with NL/NC, where an NGS was sent from September 2016 to September 2020, were included in the study. Clinical exome sequencing covering 8882 genes was done in 13 children. The test result was interpreted as per the American College of Medical Genetics classification: No pathogenic variant, a variant of unknown significance (VUS), and likely pathogenic and pathogenic variant. Results: The median age (IQR) of the cohort at the onset of disease was 11 months (4.25–102). History of consanguinity was present in 3 children (23%). Eight children had NC 7 had NL, 7 had the end-stage renal disease (ESRD) at presentation. Seven out of 8 children with NC had ESRD. Eleven children (84.6%) had an identifiable monogenic genetic cause: 9 had pathogenic, 2 had likely pathogenic variants detected in 5 genes: AGXT, GRHPR, HOGA1, CLDN16, and HPRT1. Two VUS were detected in two children in BBS4 and KCNJ1 gene. Primary hyperoxaluria (PH) Type 1 was the most common diagnosis in 6 children. Other diagnoses were Lesch–Nyhan syndrome in 2, PH 2, PH3, and FHHNC in 1 each. Conclusion: The yield of NGS in children with NL/NC was remarkably high. NGS was useful in diagnosis and management of children with NL/NC.
Clinical, diagnostic, and follow-up characteristics of children with ectopic thyroid: An 11-year tertiary referral center experience
Authors: Fouzea Mol Saidalikutty  , Raghupathy Palany  , Narasimhan Anirudhan  , Ayyavoo Ahila
Published: June 2021

Background: Information on the clinical data and follow-up of ectopic thyroid (ET) in pediatric population in India is scanty; hence, this study aims to add more information on this entity. Objective: This study was undertaken to analyze the clinical, biochemical characteristics, and scintigraphy findings at diagnosis and follow-up response to thyroxine (T4) replacement in children with ET. Methods: This study was conducted at the Paediatric Endocrinology Department of Tertiary Center from January 2005 to March 2016. In children with abnormal thyroid function, scintigraphy was done before T4 replacement to establish the diagnosis of permanent congenital hypothyroidism. Thyroid dose modification, growth monitoring was done on follow-up. In infants and children without an etiological diagnosis, at ?3 years of age, thyroid function test, scintigraphy was done after stopping treatment for 4 weeks. The initial clinical, biochemical parameters, follow-up data were analyzed. Results: Among 54 children with ET, 39 (72.2%) were girls. The mean age of presentation was 3.3 years and the average age at diagnosis on the basis of presentation with isolated short stature was 7.3 years. Developmental delay was the predominant symptom (24.9%) in children between age 1 month and 5 years. Among them, 78.5% had initial thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) >60 mIU/ml. During the first follow-up visit, high TSH >10 mIU/ml and >60 mIU/ml with normal levels of T4 were found in 29.6% and 7.4%, respectively, who were treatment compliant. TSH levels regressed gradually in the subsequent visits without any increase in T4 dose. Neck masses and externally visible lingual thyroids regressed with oral T4 without any surgical intervention. Conclusions: The assessment of adequacy of T4 replacement at follow-up needs both TSH and T4 levels. The prompt identification, early, and adequate treatment of children with ET can prevent possible surgical intervention.
A study on predictors of severe dengue in pediatric patients in a tertiary care hospital in Telangana
Authors: Archana Reddy Dami Reddy  , Sumanth Reddy Musali
Published: June 2021

Background: Dengue is an emerging arthropod borne disease with increasing incidence in recent years in several countries, especially India. Early recognition of progression of disease helps in triage and timely management of fluids to decrease mortality. Objective: The objective of the study was to identify the predictive factors for severe dengue in pediatric patients for hospitalization for close monitoring. Methods: This was a prospective observational study conducted in the department of pediatrics in a tertiary care hospital in Mahbubnagar from June 2019 to May 2020. One hundred and four children between the age group of 0 and 15 years with probable dengue symptoms who were willing to get admitted were included in the study cohort. Thorough history and clinical examination, basic laboratory investigations such as complete blood picture, hematocrit, liver function tests, renal function tests (RFTs), serum electrolytes, serum ferritin, and coagulation profile were done as needed. All the patients were grouped into two groups – non-severe dengue (dengue fever without warning signs and dengue fever with warning signs) and severe dengue as per the World Health Organization guidelines. All the variables were analyzed using SPSS software. Results: Out of 104 confirmed cases, majority of the admissions were in 5–10 years age group (51.9%). Male children were 61.5%. Mean duration of hospitalization was 4.79±2.96 days. Fever (97.1%) was the most common symptom followed by anorexia (86.5%) and lethargy (82.7%). Symptoms such as lethargy, vomiting, abdominal pain/epigastric tenderness, epistaxis, edema, and altered sensorium were more commonly associated with severe dengue. Hepatomegaly (53.9%) was the most common clinical sign followed by epigastric tenderness (58.7%). Hepatomegaly, splenomegaly, ascites, gallbladder edema, pleural effusion, low pulse pressure, hypotension, oliguria, and significant gastrointestinal bleeds were more common in severe dengue group. Platelet count <50,000/mm3, increase in hematocrit more than 20% from baseline, raised transaminases, raised ferritin, decrease in serum sodium, decrease in serum albumin, abnormal coagulation profile, and abnormal RFTs were significantly associated with severe dengue. Mean platelet recovery time was 3–5 days. Conclusion: Dengue is a dynamic disease and progression of dengue with or without warning signs into severe dengue can be appropriately identified by close monitoring of certain clinical signs and symptoms.
Smartphone usage in neonatal intensive care unit
Authors: Shivani Bajpai  , Anupama Pandey  , Akanksha Verma  , Kirti M Naranje  , Girish Gupta  , Anita Singh
Published: June 2021

Introduction: Mobile Phone (MP) has become an integral part of life in this modern era. In clinical practice it is used for various several other reasons apart from communication. As, it is a potential source of infection, it use should be optimized. Objectives: This study was done to determine the Knowledge, Attitude, and Practices of MP usage and disinfection among the healthcare workers (HCW) in neonatal intensive care unit of a tertiary care hospital. Materials and Methods: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study. The study subjects were doctors and paramedical staff. They were interviewed using a structured pretested questionnaire in three domains, knowledge (12), attitude (11), and practice (17). The response was assessed against either for predefined answers and expressed as percentages. Results: A total number of 54 HCW were interviewed. Among knowledge domain, most of HCW (>80%) were aware of various aspects about role of MP in infection transmission; however, the response was lesser when it came to optimum technique of disinfection. In the domain of attitude, most of subjects agreed that the MP use should be reduced and it should be disinfected but there were concerns regarding damage with repeated infections. Routine disinfection of MP was being done in 75% of cases and almost half were doing it more frequently post Coronavirus pandemic. For practice aspect, alcohol swabs were most commonly used for disinfection and physical barrier was also being used in 45% of cases. Conclusion: The knowledge and attitude about role of MP in infection among HCW is good. However, there is scope for improving practices in terms of correct method of disinfection, reducing, balancing, and optimizing its use.
Pediatric multiple sclerosis – rare case of multiple sclerosis in an adolescent boy
Authors: Pragya Punj  , Eby P Baby  , Aniket Pratap Singh Jadon  , Sambita Panda  , P K Biswal
Published: June 2021

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory, demyelinating neurodegenerative, and autoimmune disorder of the central nervous system of unknown etiology. The peak onset is between age 20 and 40 years and it usually affects more women than men. Although much knowledge has been achieved on the diagnosis and treatment of adult patients with MS, it remains a matter of debate and controversy in childhood. We present a case of MS in a 12-year-old-boy, review the current state of the knowledge on pediatric MS and discuss the available tools for the diagnosis and treatment.
Untreated primary hypothyroidism presenting as two rare syndromes
Authors: Sushma Save  , Amoolya Lois  , Richa
Published: June 2021

The association of chronic untreated primary hypothyroidism, delayed skeletal growth, and isosexual incomplete precocious puberty together describes Van Wyk Grumbach syndrome (VWGS). Sporadic case reports of this syndrome have been reported. Laboratory investigations reveal high levels of thyroid-stimulating hormone and delayed bone growth. VWGS has seldom been reported in a case of cerebral palsy. Here, we present the cases of two girls aged 11 years and 8 years who presented to our hospital with VWGS, one of whom was a case of spastic quadriparesis cerebral palsy. They were started on thyroxine supplements and showed favorable outcomes, thus emphasizing the importance of recognizing these rare manifestations of hypothyroidism, which on treatment show reversal to the prepubertal state.
Epidemiological and clinical profile of COVID-positive children without comorbidities: Observations from a dedicated COVID hospital in East India
Authors: Abhishek Kumar  , Nilu Kumari  , Ranjeet Kumar Singh  , Singh V K
Published: June 2021

Objective: The objective of the study was to study the epidemiological and clinical profile of COVID-positive children without pre-existing comorbidities at a dedicated COVID care hospital in the eastern state of Jharkhand. Materials and Methods: This retrospective study was conducted at a COVID hospital of the eastern state of Jharkhand on children up to 18 years of age admitted between May 2020 and October 2020. The case files of all children, with a positive reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RTPCR) report for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) virus, were reviewed, and among them, all children without comorbidities were enrolled and studied. Relevant demographic details, clinical presentation, examination findings, investigations, and treatment received, were collected. Results: Out of 70 children enrolled in the study, 41 were male with a sex ratio of 1.4:1 and a median age (interquartile range) of 14 (8–16.5) years. About 94.2% of children had a history of contact with a positive member from their own family. About 14.2% had a history of travel to an endemic zone. About 34.2% of children were completely asymptomatic and in rest of the children, cough (23.8%) followed by fever (20.0%) was the most predominant complaint. Most of the symptomatic children had mild disease (62.8%). There was no mortality and all children were successfully discharged. The mean duration of disease (based on RTPCR status) was significantly lower in children up to 12 years of age in comparison to those older than 12 years. Conclusion: Family transmission is the major source of SARS-CoV-2 infection in children. Children can also serve as potential source of spread of infection in community. Age was the most important determinant of early recovery in pediatric population without comorbidities.
A prospective cross-sectional study of thyroid dysfunction in transfusion- dependent beta-thalassemia patients
Authors: Channanayaka Chandrashekhar  , Manovihari Vuyyuru  , Prajwala Hassan Vasudev  , George Mathew Panachiyil  , Tirin Babu
Published: June 2021

Objective: The objective of the study was to determine the hospital-based prevalence of thyroid dysfunction in transfusion-dependent beta-thalassemia in children and to study the correlation between serum ferritin levels and thyroid functions. Methods: This prospective cross-sectional study in transfusion-dependent thalassemia patients was conducted in the department of pediatrics of a teaching hospital in India. General and systemic examinations were done and recorded and hemoglobin (Hb)%, thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), T3, T4, free thyroxin 4 (FT4), serum ferritin, and anti-thyroid peroxidase (TPO) levels were estimated in the laboratory. Initially, the estimation of Hb, TSH, T3, T4, and serum ferritin was done for all the study participants. Later, the specific values of FT4 and anti-TPO were estimated in study participants with high TSH values. Results: Fifty beta-thalassemia children aged between 3 and 18 years were chosen in this study. The prevalence of subclinical hypothyroidism was 6% and no cases of clinical or central hypothyroidism were found. The mean serum ferritin level was 2671 ± 1592 ng/ml; however, no positive correlation between serum ferritin and TSH values was seen. Conclusion: In thalassemia patients, the thyroid failure usually occurs by the second decade of their life. It is important that all beta-thalassemia children should undergo annual screening of thyroid functions in addition to detection of their serum ferritin levels.
Comparison of serum biochemical parameters in children with febrile seizures
Authors: Gaurang Dilipkumar Pabani  , Pragya Prakash Chandra Khanna
Published: June 2021

Background: Febrile convulsions are the most common provoked seizures affecting children. Low magnesium level leads to cell and membrane excitability thereby causing seizures. Objective: The objective of the study was to determine the role of serum sodium, calcium, magnesium, and zinc in children with simple febrile seizures (SFSs). Materials and Methods: This was a case–control study done in children admitted in the pediatric ward. Children with SFSs were taken as cases while children with fever but without seizures served as controls. After obtaining informed consent, details of each child were recorded, which included age, sex, seizure details (duration, type), nature of the febrile illness, and history of febrile seizures (FSs). Estimation of serum sodium, zinc, magnesium, and calcium was done. Results: The present study included 120 subjects, out of which 60 were cases and 60 were controls. The male-to-female ratio was 2:1. In our study, there was no significant difference in the levels of calcium, magnesium, and zinc in cases with FSs and controls. Although the serum zinc levels were in the normal range, majority of the children with SFS had serum zinc levels toward the lower range of normal which was statistically highly significant. Conclusion: Our study found that SFSs occurred more frequently in boys. The levels of serum calcium and magnesium were normal and did not correlate with SFS. Low serum zinc level had a direct correlation with SFS, although this level was within the defined normal range.
Venous Thromboembolism and Infection in a child with Nephrotic Syndrome: Dangerous interplay of Old enemies
Authors: Neha Bhandari  , Suprita Kalra  , Sheikh Muzaffar  , Sanjeev Khera
Published: June 2021

Venous thrombosis a known complication of Nephrotic syndrome. High IgE levels are commonly seen in children with Nephrotic syndrome. High IgE levels at the onset of Nephrotic syndrome with sepsis are risk factors for venous thromboembolism. We present through this a severe case of venous thromboembolism and sepsis in a child with Nephrotic syndrome.
GROWTH AND DRY MATTER (FODDER) PRODUCTION OF MAIZE (Zea mays L.) VARIETIES AS AFFECTED BY TIMING OF NITROGEN SECOND DOSE FERTILIZATION
Authors: Ladan Muhammad Kabir , Hamidu Hassan Adamu , Lawal Abdul Bamidele , Namakka Abdullahi
Published: June 2021

ABSTRACT

Field trials were conducted in 2016 wet season at Institute of Agricultural Research IAR, Research Farm(Lat.11o 11’ N, Long. 07038’ E, 686m above sea level), Samaru-Zaria and Jaji Military Cantonment Farm located at 30 Km from Zaria along Kaduna – Zaria road (Lat. 10o 49’ 25” N, Long. 07o 34’ 10” E, 600m above sea level), both in Northern Guinea Savannah of Nigeria, to Investigate the growth of Maize varieties and dry matter produced at varying timing of nitrogen second dose fertilization. The treatments consist of three maize varieties (SAMMAZ 14, SAMMAZ 15 and SAMMAZ 16) and six times of nitrogen second dose fertilization 4 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 weeks after sowing (WAS). Treatments were factorially combined and laid out in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. SAMMAZ 16 outperformed SAMMAZ 14 and SAMMAZ 15 in terms of plant height, number of leaves, total leaf area, leaf area index and dry matter production. Time of nitrogen second dose application 6 WAS consistently produced the highest growth attributes of maize  ;plant height, number of leaves, total leaf area, leaf area index and dry matter production compared to other timings evaluated. SAMMAZ 16 and 6 WAS in conclusion appeared to be the optimum for increased maize fodder (dry matter) production in the Savannah region where potential for livestock production is high.
DETERMINANTS OF MALNUTRITION AMONG CHILDREN IN RURAL FARM HOUSEHOLDS IN OGUN STATE, NIGERIA
Authors: Ogunnaike Maria , Kehinde Mojisola , Olabode Olubunmi
Published: June 2021

Malnutrition in children is one of the most serious public health problems in Nigeria and also in the world. Therefore, the objective of the study was to measure the prevalence of stunting, wasting and underweight and to assess the socio economic factors that influence the anthropometric indicators among children residing in rural farm households of Ogun State Nigeria.  A cross sectional study was employed and 206 farm households were interviewed using a structured, personally administered questionnaire consisting of socio-demographic factors, maternal characteristics, farm production characteristics and anthropometric measurement was used to gather data for 100 children. Nutri-survey, SPSS and Stata software was used to perform descriptive statistics and logistic regression analyses. The summary statistics of nutritional status of children in the study area revealed that the prevalence of stunting, underweight and wasting was 70%, 25 % and 8%, respectively. In view of World Health Organisation recommendation into two age disaggregated groups, male children were found to be more stunted and wasted than females in the study area. Age(p<0.05) and sex of the child(p<0.05), Farm size(p<0.01), household size(p<0.05), access to safe water(p<0.05), years of formal education of the household head (p<0.05) and access to health services (p<0.01) are factors that significantly affect the incidence of stunting, underweight and wasting in the study area. Thus, efforts should be made to improve the health services and also provision of safe water to farm households for reducing malnutrition among children.
IMMUNOSTIMULATORY ACTIVITY OF AQUEOUS LEAVES EXTRACT OF CASSIA OCCIDENTALIS ON INNATE AND ADAPTIVE IMMUNE RESPONSE IN MICE
Authors: Hamid K. M. , Kalgo M. U. , Isyaku A. , Abdullahi H. , Usman A. B. , Alkali S. , Tijjani M. , Shehu A. A. , Umahi N. P. F. , ALIYU MANSUR
Published: June 2021

Different types of plants have been studied for their roles in immunostimulation and treatment of other diseases. The study aimed at evaluating the stimulatory activity of aqueous leaf extract of Cassia occidentalis on innate and adaptive immune responses in mice. Study mice were grouped into five and studied for 21 days; group I (control group) received normal saline. While the treatment groups: group II - V received aqueous leaf extract of C. occidentalis at different concentrations (250, 500, 1000, and 1500) mg/kg body weight (BW). The mice were sensitized and challenged with sheep red blood cells (SRBCs) on day 13th and 18th of the treatment, respectively. On the 19th, 20th, and 21st days, the animals’ delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) responses in each group were measured using a digital Vernier calliper, and humoral immune response was evaluated using the haemagglutination (HA) antibody technique. Blood samples were collected for Carbonic particle clearance index (K) and phagocytic index of Macrophage (α). Organ weight index (g/100g) was also recorded (α). The result showed a significant increase in the Carbonic particle clearance index (p=0.02) and phagocytic index of Macrophage (p<0.0001) in a dose-dependent manner. The study revealed a statistically significant difference in HA titres across the five groups, (p=0.02), also the DTH shows a statistically significant difference across the time (24 hours, 48 hours, 72 hours), Wilks’ Lambda = 0. 291, F = 15. 86, p = 0. 0001. The aqueous leaf extract of C. occidentalis has an immunostimulatory effect on innate and adaptive immunity.
INVESTIGATING THE QUALITY OF WATER STORED IN PLASTIC TANKS IN UMARU MUSA YAR’ADUA UNIVERSITY KATSINA, KATSINA STATE, NIGERIA
Authors: HASSAN MUDASSIR , Hussaini A. , Musa A. , Muhammad M.
Published: June 2021

Water is one of the most important natural resources which play an essential role in human life. Most of the Nigerian institutions stored water in either plastic or overhead tanks for different purposes. However, there has been a growing concern over the safety of the stored water for human consumption following reported cases of microbial occurrence in water stored in tanks. This study aimed at investigating the water quality stored in plastic tanks in Umaru Musa Yar’adua University Katsina. Water samples were collected from plastic tanks and analyzed for some physico-chemical and heavy metals parameters. The result of physico-chemical parameters obtained shows that only dissolved oxygen, biological oxygen demand and chemical oxygen demand were observed above the maximum permissible limit for drinking recommended by WHO and NSDWQ with the mean value of 55.18 mg/l, 38.86 mg/l and 38.08 mg/l respectively. While the remaining parameters such as pH, electrical conductivity, total dissolved solids, turbidity, total suspended solid, alkalinity, sulphate, nitrate, phosphate, chloride and total hardness were found within the acceptable limit. However, analyzed result of heavy metals parameters revealed that all parameters were observed within desirable limit by WHO and NSDWQ for drinking water and suggested that the quality of water stored in plastic tanks was very good. It is concluded that, the quality of water stored in plastic tanks is suitable for human consumption. It is therefore recommended that, continuous monitoring of the water should be maintain so as to ascertain the safety of the water
IOT BASED HOUSEHOLD ELECTRICITY ENERGY MONITORING AND CONTROL
Authors: Salisu Abubakar , Bugaje Aminu , Loko A. Z.
Published: June 2021

Internet of Things (loT) has opened up a myriad of applications in many areas, including medical and healthcare networks, smart home control, and environmental surveillance. IoT is supposed to bring about a large amount of progress in the ubiquitous computing sector. IoT-based energy management programs may allow a significant contribution to energy conservation. Therefore, this paper focuses on the design and implementation of an IoT based household electricity energy monitoring and electric bulb remote control for the reduction of electrical wastage using ESP 32-bit microcontroller. The ESP 32 microcontroller was used as the brain of the entire system which processes the energy consumption, temperature reading. Temperature monitoring can assist tremendously in the explosion and burning incidence avoidance, thereby saving lives and properties. The ESP32 microcontroller also handles the internet connectivity via its inbuilt WIFI module in order to transmit the real-time energy consumption, temperature reading, and electric bulb remote control over the internet. A MATLAB app was designed to serve as user interface for monitoring the household electricity energy consumption, temperature reading and electric bulb remote control via Thingspeak cloud server from MathWorks (makers of MATLAB) and also monitors the temperature and electricity consumed by the pressing iron and the hair dryer. Whenever, the electricity consumption or temperature reading exceeds the set threshold on the MATLAB app, a notification is sent to the user’s Email. The system could be used for reducing the wastage of electrical energy in the house by proper scheduling and monitoring of the appliances
CHARACTERIZATION AND SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION OF ETHNO-CULTURAL TOURISM RESOURCES IN KADUNA STATE, NIGERIA
Authors: Ibrahim Aliyu Hassan , Adamu Hassan Ibrahim
Published: June 2021

The paper examined the spatial distribution and characteristics of ethno-cultural tourism resources available in different ethnic communities in Kaduna State, Nigeria. The sampled communities are Ham, Fulani, Hausa, Kagoro, Adara and Gbagyi, field observations were also carried out for holistic resource inventory in the ethnic communities. Documentary data were obtained from desk review method; information on tourism resources available in each ethnic community.  The findings of the study reveal that the ethno-cultural resources were characterized into three groups that are made up of archaeological/historical monuments, cultural and festival activities, and artifacts; while the nature-based tourism, resources were also sub-divided into geomorphic and hydrological features. The study recommends that  There is the need for private public partnership (PPP) to foster visible ethno-cultural tourism development projects (tourism potential development, provision of social amenities to enhance competitive advantage and enlightenment campaigns), since the local and state Governments (basically in terms of infrastructural developing and policy issue that will providing an enabling environment for tourism projects to strive) cannot do all or meet all the yearnings of the people.