bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
LIFR inhibition enhances the therapeutic efficacy of HDAC inhibitors in triple negative breast cancer
Authors: Li Mengxing , Viswanadhapalli Suryavathi , Santhamma Bindu , Pratap Uday P. , Luo Yiliao , Liu Junhao , Altwegg Kristin A. , Tang Weiwei , Liu Zexuan , Li Xiaonan , Ebrahimi Behnam , Yan Hui , Zou Yi , Konda Swapna , Sareddy Gangadhara R. , Xu Zhenming , Chen Yidong , Rao Manjeet K. , Brenner Andrew J. , Kaklamani Virginia G. , Tekmal Rajeshwar R. , Ahmed Gulzar , Raj Ganesh V. , Nickisch Klaus J. , Nair Hareesh B. , Vadlamudi Ratna K.
Published: October 2021

Histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACi) are identified as novel therapeutic agents, however, recent clinical studies suggested that they are marginally effective in treating triple negative breast cancer (TNBC). Here, we show that first-in-class Leukemia Inhibitory Factor Receptor (LIFRα) inhibitor EC359 could enhance the therapeutic efficacy of HDACi against TNBC. We observed that both targeted knockdown of LIFR with CRISPR or treatment with EC359 enhanced the potency of four different HDACi in reducing cell viability, cell survival, and enhanced apoptosis compared to monotherapy in TNBC cells. RNA-seq studies demonstrated oncogenic/survival signaling pathways activated by HDACi were attenuated by the EC359 + HDACi therapy. Importantly, combination therapy potently inhibited the growth of TNBC patient derived explants, cell derived xenografts and patient-derived xenografts in vivo. Collectively, our results suggest that targeted inhibition of LIFR can enhance the therapeutic efficacy of HDACi in TNBC.
An intrinsically disordered nascent protein interacts with specific regions of the ribosomal surface near the exit tunnel
Authors: Guzman-Luna Valeria , Fuchs Andrew M. , Allen Anna J. , Staikos Alexios , Cavagnero Silvia
Published: October 2021

The influence of the ribosome on nascent chains is poorly understood, especially in the case of proteins devoid of signal or arrest sequences. Here, we provide explicit evidence for the interaction of specific ribosomal proteins with ribosome-bound nascent chains (RNCs). We target RNCs pertaining to the intrinsically disordered protein PIR and a number of mutants bearing a variable net charge. All the constructs analyzed in this work lack N-terminal signal sequences. By a combination chemical crosslinking and Western-blotting, we find that all RNCs interact with ribosomal protein L23 and that longer nascent chains also weakly interact with L29. The interacting proteins are spatially clustered on a specific region of the large ribosomal subunit, close to the exit tunnel. Based on chain-length-dependence and mutational studies, we find that the interactions with L23 persist despite drastic variations in RNC sequence. Importantly, we also find that the interactions are highly Mg+2-concentration-dependent. This work is significant because it unravels a novel role of the ribosome, which is shown to engage with the nascent protein chain even in the absence of signal or arrest sequences.
Statin-mediated disruption of Rho GTPase prenylation and activity inhibits respiratory syncytial virus infection
Authors: Malhi Manpreet , Norris Michael J. , Duan Wenming , Moraes Theo J. , Maynes Jason T.
Published: October 2021

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a leading cause of severe respiratory tract infections in children. To uncover new antiviral therapies, we developed a live cell-based high content screening approach for rapid identification of RSV inhibitors and characterized five drug classes which inhibit the virus. Among the molecular targets for each hit, there was a strong functional enrichment in lipid metabolic pathways. Modulation of lipid metabolites by statins, a key hit from our screen, decreases the production of infectious virus through a combination of cholesterol and isoprenoid-mediated effects. Notably, RSV infection globally upregulates host protein prenylation, including the prenylation of Rho GTPases. Treatment by statins or perillyl alcohol, a geranylgeranyltransferase inhibitor, reduces infection in vitro. Of the Rho GTPases assayed in our study, a loss in Rac1 activity strongly inhibits the virus through a decrease in F protein surface expression. Our findings provide new insight into the importance of host lipid metabolism to RSV infection and highlight geranylgeranyltransferases as an antiviral target for therapeutic development.
Geothermal heating and episodic cold-seawater intrusions into an isolated ridge-flank basin near the Mid-Atlantic Ridge
Authors: Becker Keir , Thomson Richard E. , Davis Earl E. , Villinger Heinrich , Wheat C. Geoffrey
Published: October 2021

Six-year records of ocean bottom water temperatures at two locations in an isolated, sedimented deep-water (∼4500 m) basin on the western flank of the mid-Atlantic Ridge reveal long periods (months to >1 year) of slow temperature rises punctuated by more rapid (∼1 month) cooling events. The temperature rises are consistent with a combination of gradual heating by the geothermal flux through the basin and by diapycnal mixing, while the sharper cooling events indicate displacement of heated bottom waters by incursions of cold, dense bottom water over the deepest part of the sill bounding the basin. Profiles of bottom water temperature, salinity, and oxygen content collected just before and after a cooling event show a distinct change in the water mass suggestive of an incursion of diluted Antarctic Bottom Water from the west. Our results reveal details of a mechanism for the transfer of geothermal heat and bottom water renewal that may be common on mid-ocean ridge flanks.
Mechanically robust hybrid hydrogels of photo-crosslinkable gelatin and laminin-mimetic peptide amphiphiles for neural induction
Authors: Isik Melis , Eylem Cemil Can , Haciefendioglu Tugba , Yildirim Erol , Sari Buse , Nemutlu Emirhan , Emregul Emel , Okesola Babatunde O. , Derkus Burak
Published: October 2021

A supramolecular hydrogel providing a biomimetic neural microenvironment with improved mechanical properties presents a laminin-derived neuro-inductive peptide epitope that induces multipotent stem cells into neural-lineage cells.
Rapid differential diagnosis of the B.1.617.2 (delta) variant of SARS-CoV-2 using an automated Cas12a–microfluidic system
Authors: Li Pintao , Zhang Jin , Lin Qiuyuan , Kong Jilie , Fang Xueen
Published: October 2021

The principle of rapid differential diagnosis of the B.1.617.2 (delta) variant of SARS-CoV-2 is reported.
Electronic, optical and thermoelectric properties of a novel two-dimensional SbXY (X = Se, Te; Y = Br, I) family: ab initio perspective
Authors: Bafekry A. , Faraji M. , Fadlallah M. M. , Hoat D. M. , Jappor H. R. , Sarsari I. Abdolhosseini , Ghergherehchi M. , Feghhi S. A. H.
Published: October 2021

Recent developments in the synthesis of highly crystalline ultrathin BiTeX (X = Br, Cl) structures have led to exploring the electronic, optical and thermoelectric properties of SbXY (X = Se, Te; Y = Br, I) monolayers via the density functional theory.
Simple mechanisms of CH4 reforming with CO2 and H2O on a supported Ni/ZrO2 catalyst
Authors: Yang Hui , Wang Hui , Wei Lisha , Yang Yong , Li Yong-Wang , Wen Xiao-dong , Jiao Haijun
Published: October 2021

To understand the metal–support interaction of oxide supported transition metal catalysts, we computed the reaction mechanisms of dry and steam reforming of methane on a tetragonal ZrO2(101) supported Ni catalyst.
Luminescence property improvement and controllable color regulation of a novel Bi3+ doped Ca2Ta2O7 green phosphor through charge compensation engineering and energy transfer
Authors: Jiao Mengmeng , Sun Wenzhi , Wang Yanhui , Zhang Shufang , Xu Qinfeng , Zhang Lichun , Wang Dehua , Yang Chuanlu
Published: October 2021

Luminescence property enhancement and controllable color regulation were realized in green-emitting Ca2Ta2O7:Bi3+ phosphors through charge compensation engineering and energy transfer.
Correction: Role of defective states in MgO nanoparticles on the photophysical properties and photostability of MEH-PPV/MgO nanocomposite
Authors: Ashok Kumar Sangeetha , Shankar Jaya Seeli , Periyasamy Bhuvana K. , Nayak Sanjay K.
Published: October 2021

Correction for ‘Role of defective states in MgO nanoparticles on the photophysical properties and photostability of MEH-PPV/MgO nanocomposite’ by Sangeetha Ashok Kumar et al., Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., 2021, 23, 22804–22816, DOI: 10.1039/d1cp03035c.
A straightforward approach to high purity sodium silicide Na4Si4
Authors: Song Yang , Gómez-Recio Isabel , Kumar Ram , Coelho Diogo Cristina , Casale Sandra , Génois Isabelle , Portehault David
Published: October 2021

The high reactivity of silicon nanoparticles provides a low temperature pathway to sodium silicide, an important inorganic precursor to silicon-based materials, including clathrates.
In situ ion-exchange preparation and topological transformation of trimetal–organic frameworks for efficient electrocatalytic water oxidation
Authors: Yue Kaihang , Liu Jianglin , Zhu Yuting , Xia Chenfeng , Wang Ping , Zhang Jiangwei , Kong Yuan , Wang Xianying , Yan Ya , Xia Bao Yu
Published: October 2021

Inheritance and transformation: an in situ topological transformed NiCoFe-MOF nanosheet electrocatalyst exhibits highly efficient activity for water oxidation in an anion exchange membrane water electrolyzer.
Unraveling biogeochemical complexity through better integration of experiments and modeling
Authors: Siade Adam J. , Bostick Benjamin C. , Cirpka Olaf A. , Prommer Henning
Published: October 2021

A more ubiquitous use of process-based models will enhance the information gained from biogeochemical experimentation through both, a more rigorous interpretation of acquired data and the optimal design of future experiments.
Long-term surveillance of wastewater SARS-CoV-2 in Los Angeles County
Authors: Wang Phillip , Zarei-Baygi Ali , Sauceda Connor , Iskander Syeed Md , Smith Adam L.
Published: October 2021

Temporal measurement of wastewater SARS-CoV-2 can be used to monitor the disease burden on multiple communities. Estimates of the Covid-19 infected population from wastewater SARS-CoV-2 data provide a complementary comparison to clinical data.
Continuous orientated growth of scaled single-crystal 2D monolayer films
Authors: Han Ziyi , Li Lin , Jiao Fei , Yu Gui , Wei Zhongming , Geng Dechao , Hu Wenping
Published: October 2021

Recent advances in growing scaled 2D single-crystal monolayer films by the chemical vapor deposition method are comprehensively presented.
Redox-neutral rhodium(iii)-catalyzed chemo- and regiospecific [4 + 1] annulation between benzamides and alkenes for the synthesis of functionalized isoindolinones
Authors: Qiao Jin , Mao Hui , Lu Shiyao , Zhang Xiaoning , Ni Hangcheng , Lu Yangbin
Published: October 2021

A redox-neutral rhodium(iii)-catalyzed chemo- and regiospecific [4 + 1] annulation between benzamides and alkenes for the synthesis of functionalized isoindolinones has been achieved.
Natural compounds fromJuncusplants interacting with telomeric and oncogene G-quadruplex structures as potential anticancer agents
Authors: Platella Chiara , Capasso Domenica , Riccardi Claudia , Musumeci Domenica , DellaGreca Marina , Montesarchio Daniela
Published: October 2021

One dihydrodibenzoxepin fromJuncusplants proved to selectively interact with telomeric and oncogene G-quadruplexes by targeting their grooves. It showed anticancer activity on leukemia cells together with low-to-null effects on normal cells.
Controlled assembly and reversible transformation of tuneable luminescent Mo8-R6G hybrids
Authors: Zeng Hui-Min , Wu Wei-Hong , Wang Chao , Jiang Zhan-Guo , Zhan Cai-Hong
Published: October 2021

This work reports that two new assemblies based on POM and AIE-quenched R6G display tuneable fluorescence intensity; furthermore two hybrids can be controllably synthesized and reversible transformation can also be achieved.
Do amino acid functionalization stratagems on carbonaceous quantum dots imply multiple applications? A comprehensive review
Authors: Ravi Pavithra V. , Subramaniyam Vinodhini , Pattabiraman Ajay , Pichumani Moorthi
Published: October 2021

A schematic representation of amino acid-functionalized graphene quantum dots.
A novel purification method for fluoride or chloride molten salts based on the redox of hydrogen on a nickel electrode
Authors: Zuo Yong , Song Yu-Long , Tang Rui , Qian Yuan
Published: October 2021

A novel and high efficiency purification method for fluoride or chloride molten salts based on the redox of hydrogen on a nickel electrode.
Mechanistic insights into encapsulation and release of drugs in colloidal niosomal systems: biophysical aspects
Authors: Judy Eva , Lopus Manu , Kishore Nand
Published: October 2021

Vesicular systems such as niosomes provide an alternative to improve drug delivery systems.
Construction and properties of the antibacterial epitaxial transition layer on a zirconia ceramic surface
Authors: Liu Xiuju , Cheng Qiuli , Zhu Yanlin , Yu Shiyang , Hou Yanyan , Cui Zhanchen , Zhu Song
Published: October 2021

Construction of an antibacterial epitaxial transition layer on a zirconia ceramic surface to improve the antibacterial properties.
2-Benzylidenebenzofuran-3(2H)-ones as a new class of alkaline phosphatase inhibitors: synthesis, SAR analysis, enzyme inhibitory kinetics and computational studies
Authors: Ashraf Jamshaid , Mughal Ehsan Ullah , Alsantali Reem I. , Sadiq Amina , Jassas Rabab. S. , Naeem Nafeesa , Ashraf Zaman , Nazir Yasir , Zafar Muhammad Naveed , Mumtaz Amara , Mirzaei Masoud , Saberi Satar , Ahmed Saleh A.
Published: October 2021

Aurones are the plant secondary metabolites belonging to the flavonoid’s family. The bioactivities of aurones are very promising, thus these heterocyclic compounds can be considered as an alluring scaffold for drug design and development.
Green and sustainable synthesis of poly(δ-valerolactone) with a TBD catalyzed ring-opening polymerization reaction
Authors: Cheng Kai , Lu Shiyao , Wang Kai , Luo Guangsheng
Published: October 2021

A green and sustainable method is proposed for the TBD catalyzed ring-opening polymerization of δ-valerolactone.
On the role of softness in ionic microgel interactions
Authors: Bergman Maxime J. , Nöjd Sofi , Mohanty Priti S. , Boon Niels , Immink Jasper N. , Maris J. J. Erik , Stenhammar Joakim , Schurtenberger Peter
Published: October 2021

Dangling ends of ionic microgels influence their interactions significantly, leading to effective hard sphere behaviour rather than benchmark Hertzian–Yukawa predictions.
Controlling the calcium carbonate microstructure of engineered living building materials
Authors: Clarà Saracho Alexandra , Lucherini Lorenzo , Hirsch Matteo , Peter Hannes M. , Terzis Dimitrios , Amstad Esther , Laloui Lyesse
Published: October 2021

Biomimetic regulating technique of MICP through bacteria-laden hydrogel beads for CaCO3phase control and the creation of engineered building living materials.
Formulation of Li-metal-halide (LMX) solid state electrolytes through extensive first principles modelling
Authors: Yu Yuran , Wang Zhuo , Shao Guosheng
Published: October 2021

A flow chart to identify potential compounds of LiaMXb with a corresponding screening step (alternative M candidates are selected with the consideration of resource sustainability, environmental impact, weight and price, etc.).
Enhanced compatibility of a polymer-based electrolyte with Li-metal for stable and dendrite-free all-solid-state Li-metal batteries
Authors: Jamal Hasan , Khan Firoz , Si Hyeong-Rok , Kim Jae Hyun
Published: October 2021

Li-dendrite growth was suppressed via regulating the work function of the composite solid-state electrolyte (CPE). Prolonged compatibility between the CPE and Li-metal was accomplished (>1500 h).
Stimulus-responsive nanomaterials under physical regulation for biomedical applications
Authors: Huang Jinzhu , Zhang Xiaoyuan , Fu Kun , Wei Gang , Su Zhiqiang
Published: October 2021

The design and functional tailoring of stimulus-responsive nanomaterials under physical regulations promote their biomedical applications.
Glucose-assisted synthesis of a SnSx coated lithium titanate anode material for lithium-ion batteries
Authors: Xu Ting , Song Fangxiang , Zhao Xiangfeng , Zhou Liju , Chen Qianlin
Published: October 2021

The formation process of SnSx@C/LTO is demonstrated, in which the co-coating of carbon and SnSx is realized in one step, thereby improving the electrochemical performance of LTO.
Reliability‐constrained robust expansion planning of active distribution networks
Authors: Pinto Rafael S. , Unsihuay‐Vila Clodomiro , Tabarro Fabricio H.
Published: October 2021

Power distribution systems have become more complex in recent years due to the integration of new technologies. Motivated by these challenges, this paper describes a model to solve the multi‐period expansion planning problem of active distribution systems, considering uncertainty, reliability, distributed generation, self‐healing, reactive power support, switches, and energy storage devices. The objective is to determine the best installation times and locations of new components, minimizing the total cost, and ensuring desired reliability levels. The approach consists of a three‐level decomposition. The first level identifies expansion proposals, the second level finds the worst‐case scenario using adaptive robust optimization, and the third level performs a Monte Carlo Simulation to compute reliability indexes. The main contributions are the introduction of a novel reliability sensitivity matrix to improve computational performance and the representation of the hours of the day inside the expansion planning formulation. The proposed method is illustrated using the IEEE 123‐bus test system. The analyses show high computational efficiency as compared with similar works. The impacts on the number of expansion components placed in the system and on the total cost are presented and discussed using cases varying the uncertainty budget and not considering some of these components.
Detection of bird species related to transmission line faults based on lightweight convolutional neural network
Authors: Qiu Zhibin , Zhu Xuan , Liao Caibo , Shi Dazhai , Kuang Yanjun , Li Yanglin , Zhang Yu
Published: October 2021

Efficient bird damage prevention of transmission lines is a long‐term challenge for power grid operation and maintenance. An approach combined lightweight convolutional neural network (CNN), image processing and object detection is presented in this paper to detect typical bird species related to transmission line faults. An image dataset of 20 bird species that threaten transmission line security is constructed. The YOLOv4‐tiny algorithm model is constructed and trained combining stage‐wise training, mosaic data enhancement, cosine annealing, and label smoothing. The mean average precision (mAP) can reach 92.04% on the test set by adjusting the parameters of the training process. Then, the validity of the proposed method is verified according to the test results and performance indexes by comparing with other methods, including Faster RCNN, SSD, YOLOv4 etc. Some image pre‐processing methods such as motion blur, defocus blur, contrast and brightness adjustment are used to simulate the scenarios in practical engineering applications. The proposed method can detect bird species perched around transmission lines with high‐efficiency, which is useful for differential prevention of bird‐related outages of power grids.
A compound control strategy of three‐phase Vienna rectifier under unbalanced grid voltage
Authors: Feng Xingtian , Sun Yongming , Cui Xiao , Ma Wenzhong , Wang Yubin
Published: October 2021

When traditional finite‐set predictive power control is applied to Vienna rectifier, the input current will produce a large number of third harmonics under unbalanced power network, which will seriously affect the normal operation of Vienna rectifier. This paper proposes a compound control strategy for three‐phase Vienna rectifier based on grid imbalance. And the new finite control set‐model predictive direct power control (N‐FCS‐MPDPC) is used in the inner current loop. By introducing a redefined reactive power, this method can effectively control the second harmonic of instantaneous active power and the second harmonic of instantaneous reactive power at the same time, and realizes the normal operation of Vienna rectifier under the condition of unbalanced power grid. Linear auto disturbance rejection control (LADRC) is adopted in the outer voltage loop, which overcomes the problem of voltage overshoot and slow dynamic response in PI control. Furthermore, in order to solve the difficulty of grid‐side voltage acquisition when the grid is unbalanced, a virtual flux based no‐grid voltage sensor is introduced to measure the grid voltage. Simulation, along with experimental results, is presented to show that the proposed control strategy has good robustness and fast tracking performance under the condition of power grid imbalance.
Stability analysis of sub‐synchronous oscillation in power system connected with virtual synchronous DFIGs
Authors: Ma Jing , Xu Honglu , Li Pengchong , Cheng Peng
Published: October 2021

Concerning sub‐synchronous oscillation in power system connected with virtual synchronous DFIGs, an oscillatory stability analysis method based on the dissipation rate of dynamic energy is proposed. First, the dynamic energy function that reflects the sub‐synchronous oscillation characteristics of virtual synchronous DFIG is built, and the expression of dynamic energy considering virtual synchronous control parameters is analysed. Then, according to Lyapunov's stability law, the variation rate of dynamic energy function is defined as the energy dissipation rate. The energy dissipation rate reflects the variation trend of system dynamic energy during oscillation, thus it is used as the stability criterion of sub‐synchronous oscillation. On this basis, the effects of different virtual synchronous control parameters on sub‐synchronous oscillation are analysed for a comprehensive consideration of system stability. Finally, simulation tests are conducted on RT‐LAB platform. The results verify that, when the energy dissipation rate is positive, system oscillation diverges; when the energy dissipation rate is negative, system oscillation converges. Meanwhile, the larger the virtual resistance is, the worse the stability of system is; the larger PI control parameters of reactive power control loop are, the worse the stability of system is.
A novel control approach for harmonic compensation using switched power filter compensators in micro‐grids
Authors: Khosravi Nima , Abdolmohammadi Hamid Reza , Bagheri Sajad , Miveh Mohammad Reza
Published: October 2021

This paper presents a new harmonic compensation system using filter compensator devices in a hybrid micro‐grid (MG). In order to reduce the amplitude of current and voltage harmonics, two separate systems, including a switched power filter compensator (SPFC) and a switched active power filter (SAPF) have been used in the AC side of the MG. The gain coefficients of both SAPF and SPFC modules (with different controllers) using meta‐heuristic algorithms are optimized and applied for three harmonic loops of voltage, current and controller error to obtain an optimal response for reducing the harmonic amplitude of current and voltage. The objective function, containing controller error, current and voltage harmonics is defined and followed by the optimized coefficients for the PID controller of each of the SAPF and SPFC modules. To find the best answer to this problem, the related gains using four meta‐heuristic algorithms, including artificial bee colony (ABC), particle swarm optimization (PSO), harmonic search (HS), and differential evolution (DE) are optimized and compared. The simulation results show that using the proposed method, the total harmonic distortion of the system can be significantly reduced.
Floating offshore wind turbine fault diagnosis via regularized dynamic canonical correlation and fisher discriminant analysis
Authors: Wu Ping , Liu Yichao , Ferrari Riccardo M.G. , van Wingerden Jan‐Willem
Published: October 2021

Over the past decades, Floating Offshore Wind Turbine (FOWT) has gained increasing attention in wind engineering due to the rapidly growing energy demands. However, difficulties in turbine maintenance will increase due to the harsh operational conditions. Fault diagnosis techniques play a crucial role to enhance the reliability of FOWTs and reduce the cost of offshore wind energy. In this paper, a novel data‐driven fault diagnosis method using regularized dynamic canonical correlation analysis (RDCCA) and Fisher discriminant analysis (FDA) is proposed for FOWTs. Specifically, to overcome the collinearity problem that exists in measured process data, dynamic canonical correlation analysis with a regularization scheme, is developed to exploit the relationship between input and output signals. Then, the residual signals are generated from the established RDCCA model for fault detection. To further classify the fault type, an FDA model is trained from the residual signals of different training faulty data sets. Simulations on a FOWT baseline model based on the widely used National Renewable Energy Laboratory FAST simulator are carried out to demonstrate the feasibility and efficacy of the proposed fault detection and classification method. Results have shown many salient features of the proposed method with potential applications in FOWTs.
Forward modelling of heating within a coronal arcade
Authors: Fyfe L. E. , Howson T. A. , De Moortel I.
Published: October 2021

Aims. We investigate the synthetic observational signatures generated from numerical models of coronal heating in an arcade in order to determine what features are associated with such heating and what tools can be used to identify them.

Methods. We consider two simulations of coronal arcades driven by footpoint motions with different characteristic timescales. Forward modelling is then conducted, and the synthetic emission data are analysed (e.g., intensities, Doppler shifts, line widths and estimated kinetic energies).

Results. The total intensity and Doppler shift perturbations clearly show the magnetic structure of the coronal arcade. Contrasts in the local Doppler velocity also highlight the locations of separatrix surfaces. The distinguishing feature of the models with short and long timescale photospheric motions (in comparison to the Alfvén travel time along a loop) is that of the frequencies. Through fast Fourier transform analysis of the Doppler velocities, it is clear that when short timescale footpoint motions are present, higher frequency perturbations are observed. For longer timescale footpoint motions, the dominant signal is that of lower frequencies; however, higher (but less powerful) frequencies were also detected, which matched the natural Alfvén frequency of the background magnetic field. Signatures of Alfvénic waves were identified in both models, with fast wave signatures observable when short timescale driving is present. Finally, we examine the estimates of the kinetic energy using the Doppler velocities and find it to be significantly underestimated within these models.

Conclusions. All of the observables within this article behave as one would expect, given the evolution of the plasma parameters. Such features were, for example, Alfvén waves, fast waves, the arcade structure and separatrix surfaces. We were able to differentiate between the two models by examining the frequencies present. The Doppler velocities cannot provide accurate estimates of the total kinetic energy or even the component parallel to the line-of-sight (LOS). This is due to some of the plasma being outside the formation temperature of the ion, the multi-directional driver limiting the proportion of the velocity aligned along the LOS, and cancellation of the velocity along the LOS. The exact impact each factor has on the estimation is dependent on the setup of the model and the emission line under investigation.
EMISSA (Exploring Millimeter Indicators of Solar-Stellar Activity)
Authors: Mohan A. , Wedemeyer S. , Pandit S. , Saberi M. , Hauschildt P. H.
Published: October 2021

Context. Due to their wide wavelength coverage across the millimeter to centimeter (mm–cm) range and their increased sensitivity, modern interferometric arrays facilitate observations of the thermal and non-thermal radiation that is emitted from different layers in the outer atmospheres of stars.

Aims. We study the spectral energy distribution (Sobs(ν)) of main-sequence stars based on archival observations in the mm–cm range with the aim to study their atmospheric stratification as a function of stellar type.

Methods. The main-sequence stars with significant detection in mm bands were identified in the ALMA Science Archive. These data were then complemented with spectral flux data in the extreme ultraviolet to cm range as compiled from various catalogues and observatory archives. We compared the resultant Sobs(ν) of each star with a photospheric emission model (Smod(ν)) calculated with the PHOENIX code. The departures of Sobs(ν) from Smod(ν) were quantified in terms of a spectral flux excess parameter (ΔS∕Smod) and studied as a function of stellar type.

Results. The initial sample consists of 12 main-sequence stars across a broad range of spectral types from A1 to M3.5 and the Sun-as-a-star as reference. The stars with Teff = 3000–7000 K (F–M type) showed a systematically higher Sobs(ν) than Smod(ν) in the mm–cm range. Their ΔS∕Smod exhibits a monotonic rise with decreasing frequency. The steepness of this rise is higher for cooler stars in the Teff = 3000–7000 K range, although the single fully convective star (Teff ~ 3000 K) in the sample deviates from this trend. Meanwhile, Sobs(ν) of the A-type stars agrees with Smod(ν) within errors.

Conclusions. The systematically high ΔS∕Smod in F–M stars indicates hotter upper atmospheric layers, that is, a chromosphere and corona in these stars, like for the Sun. The mm–cm ΔS∕Smod spectrum offers a way to estimate the efficiency of the heating mechanisms across various outer atmospheric layers in main-sequence stars, and thereby to understand their structure and activity. We emphasise the need for dedicated surveys of main-sequence stars in the mm–cm range.
Techno-economical study of solar water pumping system: optimum design, evaluation, and comparison
Authors: Kazem Hussein A. , Quteishat Anas , Younis Mahmoud A.
Published: October 2021

Solar water pumping systems are fundamental entities for water transmission and storage purposes whether it is has been used in irrigation or residential applications. The use of photovoltaic (PV) panels to support the electrical requirements of these pumping systems has been executed globally for a long time. However, introducing optimization sizing techniques to such systems can benefit the end-user by saving money, energy, and time. This paper proposed solar water pumping systems optimum design for Oman. The design, and evaluation have been carried out through intuitive, and numerical methods. Based on hourly meteorological data, the simulation used both HOMER software and numerical method using MATLAB code to find the optimum design. The selected location ambient temperature variance from 12.8 °C to 44.5 °C over the year and maximum insolation is 7.45 kWh/m2/day, respectively. The simulation results found the average energy generated, annual yield factor, and a capacity factor of the proposed system is 2.9 kWh, 2016.66 kWh/kWp, and 22.97%, respectively, for a 0.81 kW water pump, which is encouraging compared with similar studied systems. The capital cost of the system is worth it, and the cost of energy has compared with other systems in the literature. The comparison shows the cost of energy to be in favor of the MATLAB simulation results with around 0.24 USD/kWh. The results show successful operation and performance parameters, along with cost evaluation, which proves that PV water pumping systems are promising in Oman.
Wind turbine wake models' evaluation for different downstream locations
Authors: Triantafyllou Panagiotis , Kaldellis John K.
Published: October 2021

The land use limitations, especially for onshore applications, have led modern Wind Turbines (WTs) to be aggregated in wind parks under the scope of minimizing the necessary area required. Within this framework, the trustworthy prediction of the wind speed deficiency downstream the WTs' hub (known also as the “wake effect”) and the meticulous wind park micrositing are of uppermost importance for the optimized WTs siting across the available land area. In this context, substantial effort has been made by the academic and research community, contributing to the deployment of several analytical, numerical and semi-empirical wake models, attempting to estimate the wind speed values at different locations downstream a WT. The accuracy of several semi-empirical and analytical wake models, serving also as the basis for pertinent commercial software development, is investigated in the present work, by comparing their outcome with experimental data from a past research work that concerns the wake flow. The dimensionless streamwise distance (known also with the term “downstream distance”) from the WT's hub is used as benchmark in order to categorize and evaluate the calculation results. A dedicated comparison between the wind speed cases investigated is conducted, striving to properly assess the wake models' prediction accuracy. The notable findings obtained for the wake models examined designate the requirement for subsequent research to enlighten the wake effect dynamic behavior.
Anticipate, Target and Characterize: MS²-anticipated
C-glycosylflavones from Erythrococca anomala
Authors: Kouamé Tapé , Okpekon Timothée , Bony Nicaise F. , Ferron Solenn , Bonnaffé David , Vanheuverzwijn Jérôme , Zhou Zhiyu , Fontaine Véronique , N’Tamon Amon Diane , Gallard Jean-François , Leblanc Karine , Jullian Jean-Christophe , Miel Corto , Champy Pierre , Beniddir Mehdi A. , Le Pogam Pierre
Published: October 2021

We herein report on the first chemical assessment of Erythrococca anomala
(Juss. ex Poir.) Prain (Euphorbiaceae), a genus that was – to the best
of our knowledge – not studied yet from a phytochemical perspective. A
molecular networking strategy was implemented to rapidly identify the known
specialized metabolites from untargeted MS/MS analyses of E.
anomala leaves ethanolic extract. This strategy allowed for the
identification of diverse C-glycosyl flavones and a cursory examination
of MS/MS spectra could extend the GNPS-provided annotation to pinpoint
the structural novelty of further derivatives. The isolation of the sought-after
structures could be streamlined based on MS-guidance and their structures,
determined through extensive NMR analyses, displayed structural features in line
with MS²-based predictions. Anticipating sharp structural features at an
early stage of the dereplication process through a critical assessment of the
tandem mass spectrometric landmarks was essential to embark on the isolation of
the newly reported structures owing to the elevated number of flavonoid
glycosides isomers thereof formerly known, which would have deterred us from
isolating them without the support of additional tandem mass spectrometric
information. The isolation of the main components of the ethanolic extract
completed the currently provided chemical report on E. anomala, also
resulting in the description of a new phenylethanoid derivative (3) and
of a new orcinol-based dimer (4). Anomaloflavone (1) exhibit
significant activities with minimal inhibitory concentration values of
25 µg/mL against Staphylococcus aureus and
Mycobacterium smegmatis while failing to exert an antibacterial
activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, while being devoid of
cytotoxicity against SiHa cells.
The Chimney/Periscope Technique as Total Endovascular Treatment of Kommerell's Diverticulum
Authors: Zavatta Marco , Squizzato Francesco , Dall'Antonia Alberto , Piazza Michele , Antonello Michele
Published: October 2021

We report a case of Kommerell's diverticulum (KD) treated with a total endovascular approach, maintaining supra-aortic trunk (SAT) patency. A 75 year-old female with aneurysmal KD was deemed unsuitable for open surgery. Landing zone 2 was unfeasible; therefore, we planned an endovascular approach with landing in zone 1, chimney to left subclavian artery and periscope to right subclavian artery. Postoperatively she was free from complications, with complete exclusion of KD and SAT patency at 3-year follow-up.
Electroencephalogram Abnormalities and Epilepsy in Autism Spectrum Disorders: Clinical and Electroencephalogram Findings
Authors: Hanci Fatma , Türay Sevim , Öztürk Yusuf , Kabakus Nimet
Published: October 2021

It has been known for several decades that epilepsy and autism spectrum disorders (ASD) are related to each other. Epilepsy frequently accompanies ASD. The purpose of this study was to investigate relationship between clinical and electroencephalogram (EEG) findings in ASD patients and to identify EEG characteristics that may create a disposition to epilepsy in ASD by examining differences in clinical and EEG findings between patients diagnosed with ASD without epilepsy and ASD with epilepsy. A total of 102 patients aged 2 to 18 years and diagnosed with ASD based on Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, fifth edition (DSM-5) diagnostic criteria between January 2017 and June 2019 were included in the study. Patients were assigned into two groups: (1) ASD with epilepsy and (2) ASD without epilepsy. Clinical findings were retrieved from patients' files, and EEG findings from first EEG records in the EEG laboratory at the time of diagnosis. EEG findings were defined as central, parietal, frontal, temporal, or generalized, depending on the location of rhythmic discharges. The incidence of epilepsy in our ASD patients was 33.7% and that of febrile convulsion was 4%. Generalized motor seizures were the most common seizure type. Epileptic discharges most commonly derived from the central and frontal regions. These abnormalities, especially frontal and central rhythmic discharges, may represent a precursor for the development of epilepsy in ASD patients.
Torticollis as an Initial Manifestation of a Seronegative Demyelinating Disorder in a Child: A Case Report
Authors: Kini Sandesh , Yellanthoor Ramesh Bhat , Karegowda Lakshmikanth Halegubbi
Published: October 2021

Torticollis refers to a condition in which the head is persistently tilted to one side, sometimes associated with pain. Torticollis in a child can be congenital or acquired. Torticollis as an initial manifestation of an underlying demyelinating syndrome is quite rare in children. Here, we report a 7-year-old girl who presented with persistent torticollis. Neuroimaging of the brain revealed features of a demyelinating disease. Further studies did not show any evidence of multiple sclerosis. Cerebrospinal fluid was negative for antiaquaporin-4 antibodies, antimyelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibodies, and oligoclonal bands. A seronegative demyelinating disorder was considered. She was treated with pulsed methylprednisolone therapy. She responded well to steroids with no progression of illness during follow-up. Torticollis was partially improved.
A Rare Case of Acute Hemorrhagic Leukoencephalitis in a Neonate
Authors: Gupta Nishu , Jindal Gunjan , Singla Hanish
Published: October 2021

Acute hemorrhagic leukoencephalitis (AHLE) is a fulminant demyelinating disease associated with severe inflammation of the white matter. In this article, we reported a case of previously healthy 27 days old baby admitted to the hospital with fever, excessive crying, seizures, and respiratory distress. A diagnosis of AHLE was made based on the clinical and radiological findings. The infant patient was managed in the neonatal intensive care unit; however, he died unfortunately on the 35th day of his life. Although this highly fatal disease is very rare in this age group, early diagnosis can help in reducing morbidity and mortality.
Growth Pattern and Use of Inter-pupillary Distance in the Detection of Ocular Hypertelorism and Hypotelorism in Indian Down Syndrome Children
Authors: Bhalla Anil Kumar , Kaur Harvinder , Kaur Rupinder , Panigrahi Inusha , Walia Brij Nandan Singh
Published: October 2021

Use of inter-pupillary distance (IPD) for objective evaluation of ocular hypertelorism and hypotelorism is recommended to corroborate diagnosis of syndromic conditions. In view of complete absence of serial data on growth of IPD, this study aims to unfold auxological dynamics of IPD in Down syndrome (DS) children of Indian origin. Inner canthal distance (ICD) and outer canthal distance (OCD) were measured on a total of 1,125 (male: 752, female: 373) DS children, aged 0 to 3 months to 10 years at 6 monthly age intervals using a “Digimatic Sliding Caliper” in the Growth Laboratory/Growth Clinic of the Institute. Using Feingold and Bossert (1974) formula, IPD at each age was calculated from ICD and OCD measured among male and female DS children. IPD, like OCD and ICD increased un-interruptedly among DS children. IPD grew rapidly up to 5 years thereafter, its rapidity became slower. Boys in general, possessed larger IPD than girls, however, gender differences became statistically significant up to first 4 years of life. Our study children possessed significantly smaller IPD as compared with their normal Indian counterparts. None of our DS children depicted ocular hypertelorism while hypotelorism, was noticed amongst 4.9% male and 16.8% female DS patients. Comparison with normative IPD data failed to establish existence of ocular hypertelorism in DS children (<10 years) of north-western Indian origin. Use of age and gender-specific data presented for IPD of DS children may be made for comparative purpose to ascertain inter-population variability.
The pregnancy drop: How teaching evaluations penalize pregnant faculty
Authors: Olabisi Ronke M.
Published: October 2021

The “leaky pipeline” and the “maternal wall” have for decades described the loss of women in STEM and the barriers faced by working mothers. Of the studies examining the impact of motherhood or pregnancy on faculty in higher education, most focus on colleagues’ attitudes towards mothers; few studies explore pregnancy specifically, only a handful examine student evaluations in particular, and none include female faculty in engineering. This study is the first to compare student evaluations across fields from female faculty when they were pregnant against when they were not. Two scenarios were considered: (1) the lived experiences of faculty who taught classes while pregnant and while not pregnant and (2) an experiment in which students submitted teaching evaluations for an actress whom half the students believed was pregnant while the other half did not. Among faculty respondents, women of colour received lower scores while pregnant and these scores lowered further when women were in engineering and/or had severe symptoms. Depending on their demographics, students who participated in the experiment were awarded teaching evaluation scores that differed when they believed the instructor was pregnant. Findings suggest that in fields with fewer women, the maternal wall is amplified and there is a unique intersectional experience of it during pregnancy. These findings may be useful for Tenure and Promotion committees to understand and therefore account for pregnancy bias in teaching evaluations.
Cost-effectiveness in health: consolidated research and contemporary challenges
Authors: dos Santos Silva Eric Kaun , Cruz June Alisson Westarb , da Cunha Maria Alexandra Viegas Cortez , de Moraes Thyago Proença , Marques Sandro , da Silva Eduardo Damião
Published: October 2021

The need to develop alternatives to improve health assistance access and qualification was emergent and urgent even before the advent of Covid-19. Such demand is necessary in regard to both public and private systems. In this context, the theme of cost and effectiveness is technically adequate and viable to analyze these alternatives. Analyzing the history of research development on the topic and identifying its gaps is thus an essential step in facing this challenge. Therefore, the objective of this study was to modestly contribute to a bibliometric examination of scientific production based on the theme of cost-effectiveness to guide future research, despite the maturity of the theme, and as well as its future challenges. As a result, several essential aspects of the theoretical approach to the theme were observed, such as its conceptualization, purpose, and objective within public and private institutions, identifying its main authors, universities, reference countries, and funding institutions, authors’ relationship networks, and related themes. One of the most important factors identified is the absence of the theme applied to contemporary topics in health, such as telemedicine, telehealth, robotics, artificial intelligence, new drugs and medicines, and new healthcare protocols.
A perspective on the electro-thermal co-design of ultra-wide bandgap lateral devices
Authors: Choi Sukwon , Graham Samuel , Chowdhury Srabanti , Heller Eric R. , Tadjer Marko J. , Moreno Gilberto , Narumanchi Sreekant
Published: October 2021

Fundamental research and development of ultra-wide bandgap (UWBG) semiconductor devices are under way to realize next-generation power conversion and wireless communication systems. Devices based on aluminum gallium nitride (AlxGa1−xN, x is the Al composition), β-phase gallium oxide (β-Ga2O3), and diamond give promise to the development of power switching devices and radio frequency power amplifiers with higher performance and efficiency than commercial wide bandgap semiconductor devices based on gallium nitride (GaN) and silicon carbide (SiC). However, one of the most critical challenges for the successful deployment of UWBG device technologies is to overcome adverse thermal effects that impact the device performance and reliability. Overheating of UWBG devices originates from the projected high power density operation and poor intrinsic thermal properties of AlxGa1−xN and β-Ga2O3. This Perspective delineates the need and process for the “electro-thermal co-design” of laterally configured UWBG electronic devices and provides a comprehensive review of current state-of-the-art thermal characterization methods, device thermal modeling practices, and both device- and package-level thermal management solutions.
Diverse simulations of time-resolved photoluminescence in thin-film solar cells: A SnO2/CdSeyTe1−y case study
Authors: Moseley John , Krasikov Dmitry , Lee Chungho , Kuciauskas Darius
Published: October 2021

Time-resolved photoluminescence (TRPL) is widely used to measure carrier lifetime in thin-film solar cell absorbers. However, the injection dependence of data and frequent non-exponential decay shapes complicate the interpretation. Here, we develop a numerical model to simulate injection-dependent TRPL measurements in a SnO2/CdSeyTe1−y solar cell structure, considering parameters of interest to researchers in industry and academia. Previous simulations have shown that in low injection, excess electrons and holes injected by the laser pulse are rapidly separated in the electric field formed by the pn junction. As a result, at early times, the PL signal can decay faster than the Shockley–Read–Hall lifetime in the absorber bulk (τbulk). Prior simulations have shown that the charge stored in the junction can slowly leak out to affect decays at late times. However, it has not been clear if and to what degree charge storage can affect the slopes extracted from TRPL decays—τ2—commonly cited as the TRPL-measured lifetime. Here, we show that charge storage can, in some cases, result in τ2 values that substantially overestimate τbulk. Previous simulations indicate that high-injection conditions can screen the junction field and minimize charge separation. Here, we show that continued injection increases can drive down τ2 below τbulk as radiative recombination becomes dominant. We catalog charge storage and radiative recombination impacts for a diverse set of material parameters and compare results to double-heterostructure models.