bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Die Intentionalitatstheorie Anton Martys
Authors: Chrudzimski Arkadiusz
Published: February 2022

The point of departure for Anton Marty's theory of intentionality is Franz Brentano's ontology of intentionality as outlined in the unpublished manuscript of his logic-lectures from the second half of the 1880's. This rich ontology comprises immanent objects, immanent propositional contents and (transcendent) states of affairs. The late Marty rejects all immanent entities in Brentano's sense and explains intentionality in terms of counterfactual conditionals. However, contrary to the late Brentano, he insists on the indispensability of the category of (transcendent) states of affairs. Consequently Marty can formulate a realistic theory of truth, while Brentano holds an epistemic theory of truth.
Behind the Leverage of Taiwan’s New Southbound Policy: New Market Opportunities and Disproving Confrontation
Authors: Teng Jiunn-Cherng
Published: February 2022

Currently, many of Taiwan’s New Southbound Policy reports show that Taiwan’s primary motivations are to cooperate with Southeast Asia, the Asia-Pacific, and South Asia to decrease their dependence on mainland China. Taiwan’s government aims to leverage Taiwan’s assets to enhance regional integration with these countries. However, there is still a lack of research on the purpose behind the policy. Why is Taiwan now seemingly using a policy of confrontation instead of avoidance? This paper argues that the policy intent behind the New Southbound Policy is not to directly confront mainland China, despite Beijing’s pressure on Taiwan. This hypothesis will be explored by analysing and comparing the 21st Century Maritime Silk Road and the New Southbound Policy.
‘The Future of Taiwan Studies in the Post-covid World’: Online Series on ‘covid and Governance: Global and Social Solidarity’, 31 July 2020
Authors: Lee Po-Han , Yang Ya-Wen , Wu Harry Yi-Jui , Liu Wen
Published: February 2022

The covid-19 pandemic has significantly disrupted research communities and agendas worldwide, including Taiwan studies. Consequently, the largest conferences for Taiwan studies in both North America and Europe were cancelled in 2020. In response, the North American Taiwan Studies Association, the European Association of Taiwan Studies, the Japan Association for Taiwan Studies, and the International Journal of Taiwan Studies jointly organised a series of online forums that aimed to encompass transnational and interdisciplinary approaches to Taiwan studies in the context of envisioning a post-covid world. This report summarises the first event, on ‘covid and Governance: Global and Social Solidarity’, which speaks directly to a moment of chaos, frustration, and yet hopefulness for Taiwan. It presents the papers of three discussants—Drs Ya-Wen Yang, Harry Yi-Jui Wu, and Wen Liu—who identified and explored the theoretical potential and limits of different ‘keywords’ popularised during the pandemic period.
Morbid Symptoms: What Did Gramsci Really Mean?
Authors: Achcar Gilbert
Published: February 2022

One of Gramsci’s most quoted phrases is his 1930 statement in the Prison Notebooks that ‘[t]he crisis consists precisely in the fact that the old is dying and the new cannot be born; in this interregnum a great variety of morbid symptoms appear’. This has traditionally been taken to refer to the emergence of fascism against a background of capitalist crisis and failure of anti-capitalist forces. However, a closer examination of the textual and historical context of that sentence indicates that Gramsci was more likely to have been referring to the pci’s ultraleft turn in conjunction with the Comintern’s Third Period.
Zabel Yesayan: The Myth of the Armenian Transnational Moment
Authors: Chahinian Talar
Published: February 2022

The collection of pieces that follow intersect with what I refer to in this essay as the dual performative acts of iconification and translation that frame our approach to Zabel Yesayan over the last few decades. Maral Aktokmakyan’s critical essay, “So Did We Really Find Yesayan?: Notes on ‘Yesayan Studies’ and Beyond” coins the author’s recent iconification as “Yesayan fever” and warns us that the emergent sub-field of Yesayan Studies may be overly reliant on translations and thus endangering the integrity of the author’s original literary voice in Armenian. Meriam Belli and Elyse Semerdjian offer us two translations from French, of a speech and a report drafted by Yesayan in Paris, in 1919. Belli’s “Chronicle: The Role of Armenian Women during the War” and Semerdjian’s “The Liberation of non-Muslim Women and Children in Turkey: Notes on the question of the abduction of non-Muslim women and children by the Turks, retained until today by Muslims” give us a glimpse of Yesayan’s work as an activist and capture the author’s haunting style of testimonial writing. As Semerdjian notes in her subsequent analytical discussion of the translation, Yesayan’s report not only reveals the gendered mode of the Armenian genocide and women’s victimhood within it, but it also calls for political action in addressing the plight of Armenian women and highlights their capacity for resistance. Together, this collection of think-pieces and translations contributes to the ongoing debates of searching for Yesayan’s elusive figure and understanding Yesayan the writer, but it ultimately guides the reader back to her own words.
Platorchestiinae subfam. nov. (Amphipoda, Senticaudata, Talitridae) with the description of three new genera and four new species
Authors: LOWRY J.K. , MYERS A.A.
Published: February 2022

A new subfamily, Platorchestiinae, is established for fifteen genera of talitrid amphipods of which three: Cocorchestia gen. nov.; Demaorchestia gen. nov. and Insularorchestia gen. nov. are new. Four new species are described: Demaorchestia hatakejima sp. nov.; D. mie sp. nov.; D. pseudojoi sp. nov. and Insularorchestia susorum sp. nov..
The Humanitarian Sector Needs Clear Job Profiles for Climate Science Translators Now More than Ever
Authors: Enenkel Markus , Kruczkiewicz Andrew
Published: February 2022

A new generation of climate science translators (CSTs) is currently evolving, both as independent professionals and affiliated with humanitarian agencies. While people in this role represent an opportunity to foster communication and collaboration between climate science, humanitarian decision-support, policy, and decision-making, there are neither clear job profiles nor established criteria for success. Based on an analysis of job opportunities published on one of the largest humanitarian and development aid job portals, we show that the demand for CSTs has been increasing since 2011. Subsequently, we present a characterization of core skills for the next generation of CSTs aiming to establish a space for not only current CSTs to thrive, but also a path for future translators to follow, with milestones and opportunities for recognition.
Convective Response in a Cloud-Permitting Simulation of the MJO: Time Scales and Processes
Authors: Liu Yan , Tan Zhe-Min , Wu Zhaohua
Published: February 2022

Convective response under multiscale forcing is investigated in this study using a month-long cloud-permitting simulation of the MJO. Convective response time scale (τ) is defined as the time lag between moisture convergence and convective heating. Results imply that τ is dependent on spatial and temporal scales of convective systems. Particularly, estimated τ for slowly varying signals (periods above 2.0 days) on the microscale and synoptic scale is about 0 and 0.5 days, corresponding to instantaneous and noninstantaneous responses, respectively. There are two main phases related to the processes of convective response: shallow convection development and shallow-to-deep convection transition. They are controlled by synoptic-scale boundary layer moisture convergence (M) and lower-tropospheric specific humidity (qm). In the first phase, as qm is small and lags the development of shallow convection, shallow convection occurrence is solely dominated by M (given suitable thermodynamic conditions in the boundary layer). In the second phase, shallow convection further preconditions the atmosphere for shallow-to-deep convection transition by sustaining M and qm through noninstantaneous convection–convergence feedback, i.e., shallow convection drives large-scale circulation that enhances moisture convergence and upward moisture transport. Additionally, eddy moisture upward transport by shallow convection itself (instantaneous convection–convergence feedback) also contributes to an increase of qm. The comparison of the initiation and propagation stages of MJO indicates that τ is shorter in the propagation stage since M and qm are larger therein.
Quantifying the Contribution of Internal Atmospheric Drivers to Near-Term Projection Uncertainty in September Arctic Sea Ice
Authors: Shen Zili , Duan Anmin , Li Dongliang , Li Jinxiao
Published: February 2022

Arctic sea ice has undergone rapid loss in all months of the year in recent decades, especially in September. The September sea ice extent (SSIE) in the multimodel ensemble mean of climate models shows a large divergence from observations since the 2000s, which indicates the potential influence of internal variability on SSIE decadal variations. Reasons previously identified for the accelerated decrease in SSIE are largely related to the tendency toward a barotropic geopotential height rise in summer over the Arctic. We used a 40-member ensemble of simulation by the Community Earth System Model version 1 (CESM1) and a 100-member ensemble simulation by the Max Planck Institute Earth System Model (MPI-ESM) to reveal that the internal variability of the local atmosphere circulation change can contribute 12%–17% to the uncertainties in the projected SSIE changes during 2016–45 in both CESM-LE and MPI-ESM. The tropical Pacific Ocean may act as a remote driver for the sea ice melting but the coupling between them is more intense on decadal time scales than that on year-to-year scales. Our quantitative estimation of the contribution of the internal atmospheric circulation to SSIE during the next three decades may be underestimated due to models’ inability to capture the observed Rossby wave train originating from the tropical Pacific Ocean propagating into the Arctic. Further efforts toward investigating causes of the model limitations and quantifying the contribution of local and remote component to Arctic sea ice on different time scales may help to improve the future sea ice prediction.
Properties and Drivers of Marine Heat Waves in the Northern South China Sea
Authors: Wang Qiang , Zhang Bo , Zeng Lili , He Yunkai , Wu Zewen , Chen Ju
Published: February 2022

The properties and heat budget of marine heat waves (MHWs) on the northern South China Sea (SCS) continental shelf are investigated. MHWs with warming amplitudes above 1.5°C occur mainly along the coast, and their temperature anomaly decreases toward the open sea. MHWs with 1°–1.5°C warming and duration < 20 days dominate the northern SCS continental shelf. A heat budget analysis indicates that the main heat source is the sea surface net heat flux. Oceanic processes are dominated by the advection of mean temperature by the anomalous horizontal velocity (advha). The net contribution of advha always cools the upper layer of the ocean, resulting in the decay of MHWs. Active cross-slope water exchanges exist at the east and west sides of the northern SCS continental shelf edge, which makes the dominant contributions to the advha. In the MHW developing phase, the west (east) side makes a positive (negative) contribution to the advha. In the decay phase, both sides make a negative contribution to the advha, resulting in the rapid decay of MHWs. Although the contribution of advha to the heat budget varies along the northern SCS continental shelf edge, its net effect always cools the MHWs over the shelf. These results provide new insight into the characteristics and formation mechanism of MHWs on the northern SCS continental shelf; in particular, they clarify the respective contributions of air–sea flux and oceanic processes to MHWs.

Significance Statement

Marine heat waves (MHWs) are unusual warming events in oceans that heavily affect marine ecosystems and arouse great concern from citizens. MHWs are active in the northern South China Sea (SCS) continental shelf. On the northern SCS continental shelf, the sea surface net heat flux is the main heat source of MHWs, and ocean current anomalies always cool the upper layer of the ocean. Active cross-slope water exchange at the east and west sides of the northern SCS continental shelf edge is the main oceanic way that cools the water on the shelf, eventually resulting in the decay of MHWs.
An event-oriented approach to the transmission of ex-leaders’ entrepreneurial endeavor to employees’ entrepreneurial intention
Authors: Ye Qingyan , Wang Duanxu , Zeng Kai
Published: February 2022

Departing from the conventional feature-oriented approach, this study introduces event system theory to highlight the importance of salient workplace events in shaping employees’ motivation for entrepreneurship and to uncover how the spatial and temporal issues inherent in the event of ex-leaders’ entrepreneurial endeavor may combine to influence employees’ entrepreneurial intention. The results of two time-lagged studies reveal that ex-leaders’ entrepreneurial success, relational proximity, and time proximity interact to affect employees’ entrepreneurial intention such that the positive impact of ex-leaders’ entrepreneurial success on employees’ entrepreneurial intention is stronger in the presence of high relational proximity and time proximity. The results further indicate that employees’ entrepreneurial self-efficacy functions as a crucial mechanism in translating this impact of ex-leaders’ entrepreneurial endeavor. These findings highlight the value of an event-oriented approach to investigating the impact of workplace events on employee outcomes.
Standardized tensile testing of electrospun PA6 membranes via the use of a 3D printed clamping system
Authors: Hrouda Ales , Jirkovec Radek , Safka Jiri , Vanierschot Maarten , Denis Kathleen , Capek Lukas
Published: February 2022

This study presents a new design for the jaws used in the uniaxial tensile testing of PA6 electrospun membranes. The aims of the new design are both to accelerate the clamping process and additionally reduce the paper waste created by paper frames. In order to validate the efficiency of the new design, the newly developed jaws were compared both with currently used paper frames and the direct positioning of samples in metal jaws. It was demonstrated that the new jaws reduced the clamping time by half. Moreover, the maximal stress and strain values were observed to be higher than those of the metal jaws and the paper frames. Finally, it was determined that the new design enables the testing of wetted samples, which is problematic using paper frames.
Is Legislation Governing Tertiary Work Experience Effective? Exploring the Regulatory Role Played by Australian Universities
Authors: Hewitt Anne
Published: February 2022

This article extends current understandings of regulation of tertiary education, in particular, work experience undertaken by tertiary students, by contributing a ‘law in practice’ analysis of the effect of the existing regulatory regime on work integrated learning practice within Australian universities. It considers how Australian universities are responding to, implementing, or overlooking the formal regulatory framework regarding work experience placements. The analysis is informed by data gathered in a series of 68 semi-structured interviews conducted with individuals from 15 universities around Australia and provides unique insights into how Universities are acting as regulators in the broad sense of the word. Understanding the enforcement of educational regulation is important, because it is the only national tool directed to ensuring work experience opportunities afford real learning which will facilitate skills development and increase future employment opportunities and are equitable and safe for student participants.
Differential attainment at MRCS according to gender, ethnicity, age and socioeconomic factors: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Ellis Ricky , Brennan Peter A , Lee Amanda J , Scrimgeour Duncan SG , Cleland Jennifer
Published: February 2022

Summary

Objective

A recent independent review on diversity and inclusivity highlighted concerns that barriers to surgical career progression exist for some groups of individuals and not others. Group-level differences in performance at the Intercollegiate Membership of the Royal Colleges of Surgeons (MRCS) examinations have been identified but are yet to be investigated. We aimed to characterise the relationship between sociodemographic differences and performance at MRCS.

Design

Retrospective cohort study.

Setting

Secondary care.

Participants

All UK MRCS candidates attempting Part A ( n = 5780) and Part B ( n = 2600) between 2013 and 2019 with linked sociodemographic data in the UK Medical Education Database ( https://www.ukmed.ac.uk ).

Main outcome measures

Chi-square tests established univariate associations with MRCS performance. Multiple logistic regression identified independent predictors of success, adjusted for medical school performance.

Results

Statistically significant differences in MRCS pass rates were found according to gender, ethnicity, age, graduate status, educational background and socioeconomic status (all p < 0.05). After adjusting for prior academic attainment, being male (odds ratio [OR] 2.34, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.87–2.92) or a non-graduate (OR 1.98, 95% CI 1.44–2.74) were independent predictors of MRCS Part A success and being a non-graduate (OR 1.77, 95% CI 1.15–2.71) and having attended a fee-paying school (OR 1.51, 95% CI 1.08–2.10) were independent predictors of Part B success. Black and minority ethnic groups were significantly less likely to pass MRCS Part B at their first attempt (OR 0.41, 95% CI 0.18–0.92 for Black candidates and OR 0.49, 95% CI 0.35–0.69 for Asian candidates) compared to White candidates.

Conclusions

There is significant group-level differential attainment at MRCS, likely to represent the accumulation of privilege and disadvantage experienced by individuals throughout their education and training. Those leading surgical education now have a responsibility to identify and address the causes of these attainment differences.
Rosai-Dorfman disease originating from nasal septal mucosa and presenting with nasal dorsum collapse: A case report with literature review
Authors: Wang Junxin , Wang Yan , Li Guangjin , Wang Chen , Yu Guohua , Sun Yan
Published: February 2022

Rosai-Dorfman disease (RDD), also known as sinus histiocytosis with massive lymphadenopathy, is an uncommon histiocytic disease with idiopathic etiology and unique pathology. Extra-nodal RDD that occurs in the nasal cavity is extremely unusual and the characteristic clinical features are unknown. Herein, we report a case of nasal septum RDD, with intermittent epistaxis from the left nasal cavity, which led to collapse of the nasal bridge. The patient underwent surgical biopsy, and a diagnosis of nasal septum RDD was established. No further treatment was performed. An enlarged mass was found in the second postoperative year which was treated by surgical excision in the third postoperative year. To improve the current diagnostic and therapeutic approach of extra-nodal RDD, we incorporate previous reports from the literature to discuss the pathological characteristics, pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, and therapy for this rare disease.
Compelling Questions in Research: Seeing What Everybody Has Seen and Thinking What Nobody Has Thought
Authors: Simsek Zeki , Heavey Ciaran , Fox Brian C. , Yu Tieying
Published: February 2022

This is the third editorial commentary in a three-part series that addresses introductions, implications, and interestingness. The first, focusing on the introduction design, is about what the beginning of a paper should look like. The second, focusing on practice implications, is about what the end of a paper should look like. The third discusses how to develop and fit attention-grabbing ideas into the academic conversation in the literature. We hope this editorial series provides inspiration and ideas about publishing papers that people want to engage with.
Coercive Sexual Experiences that Include Orgasm Predict Negative Psychological, Relationship, and Sexual Outcomes
Authors: Chadwick Sara B. , Grower Petal , van Anders Sari M.
Published: February 2022

Psychological sexual coercion is known to negatively impact those who experience it, yet sexual encounters where orgasm is present are often presumed to be positive and absent of coercion. In the present study, we conducted an online survey with women ( n = 179) and men ( n = 251) to test associations between sexually coercive experiences that include orgasm and negative psychological, sexual, and relationship outcomes. To do so, we focused on three experiences: having an orgasm during coerced sex (CS), having a coerced orgasm during desired sex (CO), and having a coerced orgasm during coerced sex (COS). Using structural equation modeling, we found that ever having any of these coercion-plus-orgasm experiences with a current partner predicted significantly higher avoidance motivations (i.e., engaging in sex to avoid conflict with one’s partner), which in turn predicted significantly worse psychological distress, sexual satisfaction, relationship satisfaction, and sexual functioning (but not dyadic sexual desire). We also found that CS, CO, and COS predicted negative outcomes to a similar degree. However, testing gender/sex as a moderator clarified that CS predicted significantly lower sexual satisfaction, sexual functioning, and sexual desire for women but not men. Furthermore, CO predicted faking orgasms in women, but COS predicted faking orgasms in men. Together, results demonstrate that experiencing psychological sexual coercion and/or orgasm coercion is significantly associated with negative outcomes even if the coerced person’s orgasm occurs.
Effect of the silane coupling agent on the physicomechanical properties of EPDM/SBR/AL2O3 rubber blend nanocomposites
Authors: Abdelsalam Amir A , Mohamed Wael S , Abd El-Naeem Gamal , El-Sabbagh Salwa H
Published: February 2022

In this study, ethylene propylene diene rubber (EPDM)/styrene–butadiene rubber (SBR) blend nanocomposites filled with alumina (Al2O3) nanoparticles were prepared. Al2O3 nanoparticles were used with or without surface treatment by the silane coupling agent bis[3 (triethoxysilyl)propyl]tetrasulfide, and Al2O3 nanoparticle–filled EPDM/SBR was compared with carbon black. The influences of the filler type, size, concentration, and surface property on the curing characteristics, degree of filler dispersion, mechanical properties, and morphological characteristics of the EPDM/SBR nanocomposites were investigated. We found that the mechanical and curing properties of the nanocomposites were enhanced owing to the presence of Al2O3 nanoparticles. The addition of the silane coupling agent further improved the properties of the nanocomposites.
Immigrant Asian Indian Mothers’ Experiences With Pregnancy, Childbirth, and Infant Care in the United States
Authors: George Grace Mary , Shin Ju Young , Habermann Barbara
Published: February 2022

Introduction:

The purpose of the study was to explore experiences of immigrant Asian Indian women with pregnancy, childbirth, and infant care in the United States.

Methodology:

This study employed a qualitative descriptive approach using semi-structured interviews and followed COREQ (COnsolidated criteria for REporting Qualitative research) guidelines for reporting qualitative research. Nine immigrant Asian Indian mothers residing in the mid-Atlantic region of the United States participated in the study.

Results:

Four themes emerged: experiencing cultural differences during the perinatal period in the United States, choosing the best perinatal practices for maternal and infant care, recognizing family as the main support system, and having positive experiences with health care providers.

Discussion:

Findings of this study shed light on the need for culturally appropriate care, including proper assessment of Asian Indian mothers’ sociocultural aspects and cultural preferences and provision of support and information needed during the perinatal period.
Successful Treatment With Daptomycin of MRSA Empyema Complicated by Right-Sided Loculated Pleural Effusion Refractory to Vancomycin
Authors: Torjani Ava , Selbst Dylan , Hamsher Joshua , Mujumdar Sahaj , Belkoff Andie , Taboada Luis
Published: February 2022

Empyema is a serious complication of pneumonia and has been reported to have a mortality rate of 8.7%. For methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) empyema, treatment includes drainage and specific antibiotics such as vancomycin and linezolid. Strikingly, there are increasing incidences of empyema refractory to vancomycin and linezolid. Despite being inactivated in the lung parenchyma by pulmonary surfactant, daptomycin can penetrate the pleural space and may be better at treating MRSA empyema than vancomycin and linezolid. Some case reports have shown that daptomycin has been used to successfully treat MRSA empyema refractory to linezolid and vancomycin-resistant enterococcus (VRE) empyema. Here, we present a 26-year-old male with a past medical history of intravenous (IV) drug use, newly diagnosed HIV, HCV, and multifocal pneumonia complicated by a left-sided MRSA empyema that partially resolved with vancomycin and drainage. However, he subsequently developed a right-sided loculated pleural effusion. After the patient was switched to daptomycin with continued drainage, the right and left pleural effusions improved significantly. Once medically stable, he was discharged to a rehabilitation facility for further recovery. Our case report demonstrates that daptomycin could be considered as an effective treatment for MRSA empyema, particularly when refractory to vancomycin.
Into the realm of organizational folly: A poem, a review, and a typology of organizational stupidity
Authors: Azevedo Guilherme
Published: February 2022

This ‘Provocation essay’ is aimed at triggering reflection and fostering renewed research into organizational stupidity and its intersections with management learning. It opens with a critical poem evoking diverse aspects of our daily encounters with the idiocy, nonsense, and absurdity that pervades organizations. It continues with a more comprehensive review of the still diffuse research literature to reveal a typology of three approaches to studying organizational stupidity (systemic-mechanistic, critical-sociological and cultural-functionalist). It closes with a discussion of how stupidity detracts from reflexivity but can also play useful roles in organizations, which ultimately invites more management learning research on the topic.
The Gozi group: A criminal firm in cyberspace?
Authors: Lusthaus Jonathan , van Oss Jaap , Amann Philipp
Published: February 2022

The relative glut of data on cybercriminal forums has led to a growing understanding of the functioning of these virtual marketplaces. But with a focus on illicit online trading, less attention has been paid to the structures of groups that carry out cybercrimes in an operational sense. In economic parlance, some such groups may be known as ‘firms’. This concept has been a significant part of the literature on more traditional forms of organised crime, but is not widely discussed in the cybercrime discourse. The focus of this article is, by way of a case study of the Gozi malware group, to explore the applicability of the concept of firms to the novel environment of cybercrime.
Associations Between Regional Cerebral Blood Flow and Psychiatric Symptoms in Dementia With Lewy Bodies Without Parkinsonism
Authors: Murayama Tomonori , Kobayashi Seiju , Ishida Tomotaka , Utsumi Kumiko , Kawanishi Chiaki
Published: February 2022

Because dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) has various psychiatric symptoms, early diagnosis in patients without parkinsonism is difficult. To reveal associations between regional brain perfusion and psychiatric symptoms in DLB patients without parkinsonism, we quantified brain perfusion using an automated brain perfusion single-photon emission computed tomography analysis program, FineSRT. We statistically analyzed the differences in brain perfusion between groups, divided by the presence or absence of psychiatric symptoms. In DLB patients with depression, there were significant brain perfusion increases in the left angular gyrus and right upper precuneus. In DLB patients with visual hallucinations, there were significant decreases in the left inferior parietal lobule, left superior temporal gyrus, and right primary visual cortex. In DLB patients with auditory hallucinations, there were significant increases in the right middle occipital and right inferior occipital gyri. Our findings provide clues about the pathomechanisms of psychiatric symptoms and may enable early diagnosis of DLB in the future.
Flavonoids from the leaves of Apocynum venetum and their anti-inflammatory activity
Authors: Fu Hong-Min , Yin Chun-Ling , Shen Zhi-Yong , Yang Ming-Hua
Published: February 2022

Chemical investigation of the EtOAc-soluble extract of the leaves of Apocynum venetum allowed the isolation of seven flavonoids including a new compound named 4′-hydroxy-7- O-(4-hydroxybenzyl)-3-methoxy-6-prenylflavone (1) and six known compounds (2–7). The structures of these compounds are elucidated by spectroscopic and physico-chemical analyses. All the isolates are evaluated for in vitro anti-inflammatory activity by measuring their inhibitory activities on nitric oxide and tumor necrosis factor-α production in lipopolysaccharide-induced mouse peritoneal macrophages (RAW 264.7). Among them, 5 exhibits significant inhibitory activity toward nitric oxide and tumor necrosis factor-α production with IC50 values of 9.0 ± 0.7 and 42.1 ± 0.8 μM, respectively. In addition, 1 also shows moderate inhibitory activity toward nitric oxide production with an IC50 value of 17.2 ± 0.9 μM.
Theorizing “Stories About Algorithms” as a Mechanism in the Formation and Maintenance of Algorithmic Imaginaries
Authors: Schellewald Andreas
Published: February 2022

In this article, I report from an ethnographic investigation into young adult users of the popular short-video app TikTok. More specifically, I discuss their experience of TikTok’s algorithmic content feed, or so-called “For You Page.” Like many other personalized online environments today, the For You Page is marked by the tension of being a mechanism of digital surveillance and affective control, yet also a source of entertainment and pleasure. Focusing on people’s sense-making practices, especially in relation to stories about the TikTok algorithm, the article approaches the discursive repertoire that underpins people’s negotiation of this tension. Doing so, I theorize the role and relevance of “stories about algorithms” within the context of algorithmic imaginaries as activating users in sense-making processes about their algorithmic entanglements.
Structural and electrochemical corrosion studies of spin coated ZrO2 thin films over stainless steel alloy for bone defect applications
Authors: Yang Jikun , Wang Meng , Li Xiaoyang , Dong ZhiYong , Zhou XiaoDong , Luan JunWei , Guo Ya , Xue YuanLiang
Published: February 2022

Sol-Gel-based reaction mixture sols have been long used to fabricate dense and uniform bioactive coatings with superior mechanical stability over metallic implants. On account of precise control over synthesis, fabrication, formed and low temperature of processing, this technology is one of the most feasible routes to produce bio-ceramic coatings. The study aims to develop a physical barrier over metal implants in form of bioinert Zirconia coatings, phase-stabilized using Dysprosium. The metallic substrates were cut into 10 mm × 10 mm samples and diamond polished after being polished with a 1000 grade emery sheet. Novel spin-coated zirconia films were fabricated over 316L Stainless steel substrates and were sintered at 600°C to obtain firm and uniform crack-free coatings. The thickness of the coatings was determined by ELCA-D meter thermal analysis was performed using TGA-DTA. Phase determination was performed using X-Ray diffraction followed by morphological investigations using Scanning electron microscopy. The corrosion resistance was evaluated with Polarization studies and electrokinetic data was derived using Tafel extrapolation. Biocompatibility evaluation was performed against MG-63 cell lines and RBCs along with bone-forming ability in vitro in SBF. Stable crack-free 3 Layer coatings fabricated at 2000 rpm for 3 s with a thickness of around 1 μm were found to be optimal for corrosion resistance behavior of steel implants at a low ICorr value of 0.501 µA/cm2 and adhesion strength of 40.93 MPa when untreated falling down to 39.92 MPa when immersed in SBF. The study concludes that medium rpm coatings sustain enough sol to produce crack-free coatings that form a strong physical barrier between body fluid and implant surface thereby reducing the attack of corrosive ions and protecting the implant surface without participating in any form of bioactivity but supporting native bone regeneration capabilities.
How do employees cope with mandatory working from home during COVID-19?
Authors: Dicu Andreea , Rybnikova Irma , Steger Thomas
Published: February 2022

How do employees who are coerced to work from home during COVID-19 cope with this unprecedented situation? Drawing upon the job-demands-resources (JD-R) model and upon the literature on coping, we analyse empirical qualitative material which stems from two-stage interviews with and online diaries prepared by 15 white-collar employees in Romania. We identify four initial coping types in relation to mandatory working from home: ‘explorers’, ‘statics’, ‘chaotics’ and ‘irremediables’. In the follow-up stage of the field work, the ‘chaotic’ type of coping disappears. These findings in relation to the unique pandemic situation represent a significant contribution to the literature on working from home as well as on coping with stress.
The Controversial Role of Concurrent Crural Plasty in Bariatric Surgery: Where Is the Evidence?
Authors: Bonavina Luigi , Asti Emanuele , Bernardi Daniele , Siboni Stefano
Published: February 2022

Gastroesophageal reflux disease is diagnosed at an alarming rate after laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy. Revisional surgery with conversion to Roux-en-Y gastric bypass does not guarantee reflux control and is associated with morbidity. There is a need to optimize the objective foregut patient pathway prior to bariatric surgery and to perform concurrent hiatal repair in individuals with a defective esophago-gastric junction and abnormal esophageal acid exposure. The role of adjunctive surgical procedures (hiatal reinforcement, fundoplication, magnetic sphincter augmentation) is still controversial due to lack of follow-up and standardized reporting, and current recommendations are based on expert opinion or case series.
Generation of numerical-based capacity fragility curves for different aspect ratios of full-connection gypsum partition walls
Authors: Salmasi Javid Hamidreza , Mohammadgholiha Masoud , Soroushian Siavash , Rahmanishamsi Esmaeel , “Manos” Maragakis Emmanuel
Published: February 2022

Fragility curves for steel-framed partition walls in current guidelines (such as FEMA P-58) are mainly based on experimental studies with limited number of geometries. In light of extensive efforts made in the past decade on numerical simulation of these walls, combined experimental–numerical fragility curves can facilitate more reliable results. A previously validated modeling approach along with verified numerical-based fragility development methodology utilized to derive fragility curve for walls with aspects ratios ranging from 0.33 to 3 using OpenSees platform. Moreover, variation of maximum and median wall strengths as well as median fragility values were compared against different wall aspect ratios. Results of this article indicated that the maximum unit-length strength of full-connection partition walls fluctuates between 3.5 and 4.9 kN (0.25–0.34 kips). Also, vulnerability of partition walls increases when aspect ratio of walls decreases.
Predict multi-type drug–drug interactions in cold start scenario
Authors: Liu Zun , Wang Xing-Nan , Yu Hui , Shi Jian-Yu , Dong Wen-Min
Published: February 2022

Background

Prediction of drug–drug interactions (DDIs) can reveal potential adverse pharmacological reactions between drugs in co-medication. Various methods have been proposed to address this issue. Most of them focus on the traditional link prediction between drugs, however, they ignore the cold-start scenario, which requires the prediction between known drugs having approved DDIs and new drugs having no DDI. Moreover, they're restricted to infer whether DDIs occur, but are not able to deduce diverse DDI types, which are important in clinics.

Results

In this paper, we propose a cold start prediction model for both single-type and multiple-type drug–drug interactions, referred to as CSMDDI. CSMDDI predict not only whether two drugs trigger pharmacological reactions but also what reaction types they induce in the cold start scenario. We implement several embedding methods in CSMDDI, including SVD, GAE, TransE, RESCAL and compare it with the state-of-the-art multi-type DDI prediction method DeepDDI and DDIMDL to verify the performance. The comparison shows that CSMDDI achieves a good performance of DDI prediction in the case of both the occurrence prediction and the multi-type reaction prediction in cold start scenario.

Conclusions

Our approach is able to predict not only conventional binary DDIs but also what reaction types they induce in the cold start scenario. More importantly, it learns a mapping function who can bridge the drugs attributes to their network embeddings to predict DDIs. The main contribution of CSMDDI contains the development of a generalized framework to predict the single-type and multi-type of DDIs in the cold start scenario, as well as the implementations of several embedding models for both single-type and multi-type of DDIs. The dataset and source code can be accessed at https://github.com/itsosy/csmddi.
S-ketamine as an adjuvant in patient-controlled intravenous analgesia for preventing postpartum depression: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Han Yaqian , Li Pule , Miao Mengrong , Tao Yuan , Kang Xia , Zhang Jiaqiang
Published: February 2022

Background

Postpartum depression (PPD) is a common complication of cesarean section. S-ketamine given intravenously during surgery can help prevent PPD. However, whether S-ketamine in patient-controlled intravenous analgesia (PCIA) can reduce the incidence of PPD is unknown. This study assessed the effect of S-ketamine as an adjuvant in PCIA for preventing PPD in women undergoing cesarean delivery.

Methods

A total of 375 parturients scheduled to undergo cesarean section and then receive PCIA were recruited from a single center and were randomly assigned to control (C) group (sufentanil 2 μg/kg + tropisetron 10 mg) or S-ketamine (S) group (S-ketamine 0.5 mg/kg + sufentanil 2 μg/kg + tropisetron 10 mg). The primary outcome was the incidence of PPD measured by the Edinburgh postnatal depression scale (EPDS) after surgery. The secondary outcomes were EPDS scores, visual analog scale (VAS) scores, Ramsay sedation scale (RSS) scores, and the rate of adverse events, including headache, nausea, dizziness, drowsiness, and vomit.

Results

A total of 275 puerperal women were included in the study. The rate of depression in parturient on postoperative days 3, 14, 28 in the C group and S group were 17.6 and 8.2% (p < 0.05), 24.2 and 9.8% (p < 0.05), and 19.0 and 17.2% (p = 0.76) respectively. EPDS scores in the C group and S group on postoperative days 3,14, and 28 were 7.65 ± 3.14 and 6.00 ± 2.47 (p < 0.05), 7.62 ± 3.14 and 6.38 ± 2.67 (p < 0.05), and 7.35 ± 3.17 and 6.90 ± 2.78 (p = 0.15), respectively. The rate of adverse events in the C group and S group were headache 3.3 and 4.1% (p = 0.755), nausea 5.9 and 8.2% (p = 0.481), dizziness 9.2 and 12.3% (p = 0.434), drowsiness 6.5 and 10.7%(p = 0.274), and vomit 5.9 and 5.7% (p = 0.585).

Conclusions

S-ketamine (0.01 mg/kg/h) as an adjuvant in PCIA significantly reduces the incidence of PPD within 14 days and relieves pain within 48 h after cesarean delivery, without increasing the rate of adverse reactions.

Trial registration

Registered in the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (ChiCTR2100050263) on August 24, 2021.
Biopsy-proven kidney involvement in hypocomplementemic urticarial vasculitis
Authors: Corthier Alice , Jachiet Marie , Bertin Daniel , Servais Aude , Barbet Christelle , Bigot Adrien , Doutre Marie-Sylvie , Bessis Didier , Bouffandeau Ancuta , Moranne Olivier , Jarrot Pierre-André , Bardin Nathalie , Terrier Benjamin , Burtey Stephane , Puéchal Xavier , Daniel Laurent , Jourde-Chiche Noémie
Published: February 2022

Background

Hypocomplementemic urticarial vasculitis (HUV) is a rare systemic vasculitis. We aimed to describe the kidney involvement of HUV in a multicenter national cohort with an extended follow-up.

Methods

All patients with HUV (international Schwartz criteria) with a biopsy-proven kidney involvement, identified through a survey of the French Vasculitis Study Group (FVSG), were included. A systematic literature review on kidney involvement of HUV was performed.

Results

Twelve patients were included, among whom 8 had positive anti-C1q antibodies. All presented with proteinuria, from mild to nephrotic, and 8 displayed acute kidney injury (AKI), requiring temporary haemodialysis in 2. Kidney biopsy showed membrano-proliferative glomerulonephritis (MPGN) in 8 patients, pauci-immune crescentic GN or necrotizing vasculitis in 3 patients (with a mild to severe interstitial inflammation), and an isolated interstitial nephritis in 1 patient. C1q deposits were observed in the glomeruli (n = 6), tubules (n = 4) or renal arterioles (n = 3) of 8 patients. All patients received corticosteroids, and 9 were also treated with immunosuppressants or apheresis. After a mean follow-up of 8.9 years, 6 patients had a preserved renal function, but 2 patients had developed stage 3–4 chronic kidney disease (CKD) and 4 patients had reached end-stage kidney disease (ESKD), among whom 1 had received a kidney transplant.

Conclusion

Renal involvement of HUV can be responsible for severe AKI, CKD and ESRD. It is not always associated with circulating anti-C1q antibodies. Kidney biopsy shows mostly MPGN or crescentic GN, with frequent C1q deposits in the glomeruli, tubules or arterioles.
A case of Bainbridge-Ropers syndrome with breath holding spells and intractable epilepsy: challenges in diagnosis and management
Authors: Khan Tuba Rashid , Dolce Alison , Goodspeed Kimberly
Published: February 2022

Background

Bainbridge-Ropers syndrome is caused by monoallelic ASXL3 variants on chromosome 18. Clinical features include dysmorphic facies, developmental delay, intellectual disability, autistic traits, hypotonia, failure to thrive, seizures and hyperventilation. Breath-holding spells with choreathetoid movements have been previously described.

Case presentation

We describe an 11-year old boy who has daily intractable seizures reported since birth, developmental delay, autistic features and feeding difficulties. He was eventually found to have de novo, heterozygous pathogenic variant (c.1612G > T, p.E538*) in the ASXL3 gene. He has frequent episodes of breath-holding accompanied by dystonic posturing with right leg extension and head turning without ictal EEG correlate. The breath-holding spells have been refractory to several medication trials including iron supplementation, acetazolamide, and desipramine.

Conclusions

This case represents a more severe phenotype of Bainbridge-Ropers Syndrome than previously described with refractory breath-holding spells with dystonia, intractable epilepsy, and progressive cerebral/cerebellar atrophy. Breath-holding spells cause significant morbidity, are poorly understood, and have very limited treatment options.
Prevalence and predictors of malnutrition during adolescent pregnancy in southern Ethiopia: a community-based study
Authors: Yimer Belete , Wolde Awraris
Published: February 2022

Background

Adolescent pregnancy is a major public health problem with significant medical, nutritional, social and economic risk for mothers and their infants. The purpose of this study was to determine prevalence and predictors of malnutrition among pregnant adolescents in Kore district, southern Ethiopia.

Methods

Data were obtained from randomly selected consenting four hundred twenty five pregnant adolescents on March 2018 using interviewer-administered questionnaire and mid upper arm circumference (MUAC) measurement. A multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to identify the predictors of malnutrition in adolescent pregnancy.

Results

The study showed that 26.4% of study participants were malnourished (MUAC < 22 cm). Not owning livestock (AOR = 1.67, 95% CI = 1.26–2.19), unintended pregnancy (AOR = 1.36, 95% CI = 1.08–1.65), excess physical work in pregnancy (AOR = 1.29, 95% CI = 1.02–1.62) and being in the second (AOR = 1.70, 95% CI = 1.09–2.65) or third (AOR = 1.99, 95% CI = 1.29–3.07) pregnancy trimester were positively associated with malnutrition risk. Improved dietary intake in pregnancy (AOR = 0.46, 95% CI = 0.33–0.63) and support perceived by adolescents in pregnancy (AOR = 0.59, 95% CI = 0.43–0.82) were negatively associated with malnutrition risk.

Conclusion

More than one-quarter of the study population were malnourished. The information provides insight into the public health strategies to reduce malnutrition risk of the pregnant adolescents. Interventions aimed at improving socioeconomic status, dietary practice and physical work/activity through effective supports in pregnancy are recommended.