bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Molecular Insight into the Association Between Cartilage Regeneration and Ear Wound Healing in Genetic Mouse Models: Targeting New Genes in Regeneration
Authors: Rai Muhammad Farooq , Schmidt Eric J , McAlinden Audrey , Cheverud James M , Sandell Linda J
Published: September 2013

Tissue regeneration is a complex trait with few genetic models available. Mouse strains LG/J and MRL are exceptional healers. Using recombinant inbred strains from a large (LG/J, healer) and small (SM/J, nonhealer) intercross, we have previously shown a positive genetic correlation between ear wound healing, knee cartilage regeneration, and protection from osteoarthritis. We hypothesize that a common set of genes operates in tissue healing and articular cartilage regeneration. Taking advantage of archived histological sections from recombinant inbred strains, we analyzed expression of candidate genes through branched-chain DNA technology directly from tissue lysates. We determined broad-sense heritability of candidates, Pearson correlation of candidates with healing phenotypes, and Ward minimum variance cluster analysis for strains. A bioinformatic assessment of allelic polymorphisms within and near candidate genes was also performed. The expression of several candidates was significantly heritable among strains. Although several genes correlated with both ear wound healing and cartilage healing at a marginal level, the expression of four genes representing DNA repair (Xrcc2, Pcna) and Wnt signaling (Axin2, Wnt16) pathways was significantly positively correlated with both phenotypes. Cluster analysis accurately classified healers and nonhealers for seven out of eight strains based on gene expression. Specific sequence differences between LG/J and SM/J were identified as potential causal polymorphisms. Our study suggests a common genetic basis between tissue healing and osteoarthritis susceptibility. Mapping genetic variations causing differences in diverse healing responses in multiple tissues may reveal generic healing processes in pursuit of new therapeutic targets designed to induce or enhance regeneration and, potentially, protection from osteoarthritis.
Genetic Background and GxE Interactions Modulate the Penetrance of a Naturally Occurring Wing Mutation inDrosophila melanogaster
Authors: Lachance Joseph , Jung Lawrence , True John R
Published: September 2013

Many genes involved in producing complex traits are incompletely penetrant. One such example is vesiculated, an X-linked gene in Drosophila melanogaster that results in wing defects. To examine the genetic architecture of a complex trait (wings containing vesicles), we placed a naturally occurring variant into multiple autosomal backgrounds and quantified penetrance and expressivity at a range of developmental temperatures. We found significant epistasis, genotype-by-environment interactions, and maternal effects. Sex and temperature effects were modulated by genetic background. The severity of wing phenotypes also varied across different genetic backgrounds, and expressivity was positively correlated with penetrance. We also found evidence of naturally segregating suppressors of vesiculated. These suppressors were present on both the second and third chromosomes, and complex interactions were observed. Taken together, these findings indicate that multiple genetic and environmental factors modulate the phenotypic effects of a naturally occurring vesiculated allele.
New Levels of Transcriptome Complexity at Upper Thermal Limits in WildDrosophilaRevealed by Exon Expression Analysis
Authors: Telonis-Scott Marina , van Heerwaarden Belinda , Johnson Travis K , Hoffmann Ary A , Sgrò Carla M
Published: September 2013

While the cellular heat-shock response has been a paradigm for studying the impact of thermal stress on RNA metabolism and gene expression, the genome-wide response to thermal stress and its connection to physiological stress resistance remain largely unexplored. Here, we address this issue using an array-based exon expression analysis to interrogate the transcriptome in recently established Drosophila melanogaster stocks during severe thermal stress and recovery. We first demonstrated the efficacy of exon-level analyses to reveal a level of thermally induced transcriptome complexity extending well beyond gene-level analyses. Next, we showed that the upper range of both the cellular and physiological thermal stress response profoundly affected message expression and processing in D. melanogaster, limiting expression to a small subset of transcripts, many that share features of known rapidly responding stress genes. As predicted from cellular heat-shock research, constitutive splicing was blocked in a set of novel genes; we did not detect changes to alternative splicing during heat stress, but rather induction of intronless isoforms of known heat-responsive genes. We observed transcriptome plasticity in the form of differential isoform expression during recovery from heat shock, mediated by multiple mechanisms including alternative transcription and alternative splicing. This affected genes involved in DNA regulation, immune response, and thermotolerance. These patterns highlight the complex nature of innate transcriptome responses under stress and potential for adaptive shifts through plasticity and evolved genetic responses at different hierarchical levels.
The Dynamics of Genetic Draft in Rapidly Adapting Populations
Authors: Kosheleva Katya , Desai Michael M
Published: September 2013

The accumulation of beneficial mutations on competing genetic backgrounds in rapidly adapting populations has a striking impact on evolutionary dynamics. This effect, known as clonal interference, causes erratic fluctuations in the frequencies of observed mutations, randomizes the fixation times of successful mutations, and leaves distinct signatures on patterns of genetic variation. Here, we show how this form of “genetic draft” affects the forward-time dynamics of site frequencies in rapidly adapting asexual populations. We calculate the probability that mutations at individual sites shift in frequency over a characteristic timescale, extending Gillespie’s original model of draft to the case where many strongly selected beneficial mutations segregate simultaneously. We then derive the sojourn time of mutant alleles, the expected fixation time of successful mutants, and the site frequency spectrum of beneficial and neutral mutations. Finally, we show how this form of draft affects inferences in the McDonald–Kreitman test and how it relates to recent observations that some aspects of genetic diversity are described by the Bolthausen–Sznitman coalescent in the limit of very rapid adaptation.
Effect of atmospheric CO2 enrichment on the drought response of barley, durum wheat and oat
Authors: Bencze S. , Balla K. , Janda T. , Veisz O.
Published: September 2013

Phytotron experiments were conducted to examine the impact of elevated atmospheric CO2 level (750 μmol mol−1) on the drought tolerance of winter barley (Petra), durum wheat (Mv Makaroni) and spring oat (Mv Pehely) varieties. Under drought stress conditions, the durum wheat variety was found to be unaffected by CO2 enrichment, as neither the biomass or grain yield nor the antioxidant enzyme activities changed compared to those at ambient CO2. Despite the fact that the spring oat variety had similar grain yield loss due to drought at both CO2 levels, it exhibited reduced antioxidant enzyme activities under less severe drought, indicating a slightly increased tolerance to drought. Winter barley, which exhibited an extremely positive reaction to CO2 enrichment at the control water supply level, also showed increased drought tolerance in response to high CO2. It had low glutathione reductase, glutathione-S-transferase and ascorbate peroxidase activities even at the most severe drought stress levels, while it could also fully compensate for the negative effects of drought on biomass and grain yield parameters when grown at elevated CO2.
Effect of nitrogen fertilization and residue management on the productivity of winter barley (Hordeum vulgare L.)
Authors: Berhanu G. , Kismányoky T. , Sárdi K.
Published: September 2013

Nutrient management practices that concurrently improve soil properties and yield are essential for sustaining barley production. This study was conducted to evaluate the impact of balanced nitrogen fertilizer application involving farmyard manure (FYM) and residue management. The experiment had a factorial arrangement of five levels of mineral N and two organic fertilizer sources. The five levels of N fertilizer were applied in three replicates in combination with each of the two organic sources and a control (without organic source). Average plant height (PH), grain yield (GY), and straw yield (SY) were significantly (P <0.05) influenced by the main effect of N application and organic source; however their interaction was insignificant. The highest grain yield (103%) was obtained with 120 kg N compared to the control. The grain yield increased by 23.4% and 44% with FYM and residue, respectively, against the untreated control.
Histologic Evaluation of Osseous Regeneration Following Combination Therapy With Platelet-Rich Plasma and Bio-Oss in a Rat Calvarial Critical-Size Defect Model
Authors: DeNicolo Philip J. , Guyton M. Kelly , Cuenin Michael F. , Hokett Steven D. , Sharawy Mohamed , Borke James , McPherson James C.
Published: September 2013

Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) is an autogenous source of growth factors shown to facilitate human bone growth. Bio-Oss, an osteoconductive xenograft, is used clinically to regenerate periodontal defects, restore dental alveolar ridges, and facilitate sinus-lift procedures. The purpose of this study was to analyze whether a combination of PRP and Bio-Oss would enhance bone regeneration better than either material alone. PRP and/or Bio-Oss were administered in an 8-mm critical-size defect (CSD) rat calvarial model of bone defect between 2 polytetrafluoroethylene membranes to prevent soft tissue incursion. Eight weeks after the induction of the CSD, histologic sections were stained with hematoxylin and eosin stain and analyzed via light microscopy. Qualitative analyses revealed new bone regeneration in all 4 groups. The Bio-Oss and PRP plus Bio-Oss groups demonstrated greater areas of closure in the defects than the control or PRP-only groups because of the space-maintaining ability of Bio-Oss. The groups grafted with Bio-Oss showed close contact with new bone growth throughout the defects, suggesting a stronger graft. The use of PRP alone or in combination with Bio-Oss, however, did not appear to enhance osseous regeneration at 8 weeks. Areas grafted with Bio-Oss demonstrated greater space-maintaining capacity than controls, and PRP was an effective vehicle for placement of the Bio-Oss. However, at 8 weeks this study was unable to demonstrate a significant advantage of using PRP plus Bio-Oss over using Bio-Oss alone.
Índice gonadossomático e correlações entre dimensões e peso testiculares na codorna japonesa (Coturnix coturnix japonica) aos 60 dias de idade
Authors: Lanna L.L. , Soares F.A. , Santos T.M. , Oliveira J.N. , Marques-Júnior A.P.
Published: September 2013

As dimensões e o peso testicular foram avaliados em 25 machos adultos de codornas japonesas (Coturnix coturnix japonica) e correlacionados entre si, a fim de se buscar obter informações que possibilitem a criação de um parâmetro preditivo da capacidade de produção espermática. As aves foram abatidas e os testículos removidos para mensuração e pesagem. As dimensões e o peso entre os testículos esquerdo e direito foram comparados. Os parâmetros testiculares foram correlacionados entre si por meio da determinação do coeficiente de correlação linear. O índice gonadossomático também foi determinado, indicando alocação de 3,68% do peso corporal em testículos nos machos avaliados, resultado maior do que os descritos na literatura. Apesar da diferença de formato entre os testículos esquerdo e direito, o peso foi semelhante, sugerindo que não há diferença na capacidade de produção espermática entre eles. Diferença estatística entre os valores biométricos indica que o testículo esquerdo é mais curto e mais arredondado, enquanto o direito é mais longo e estreito. O peso corporal apresentou baixa correlação com o peso testicular, 0,14 e 0,12 para os testículos esquerdo e direito, respectivamente. Os parâmetros que melhor se correlacionaram com o peso testicular foram a largura e a espessura. Considerando-se a identificação de um parâmetro único para comparação entre machos, a espessura do testículo esquerdo apresentou coeficiente de correlação linear de 0,89 com o somatório do peso dos dois testículos. Com base nessa informação, métodos não invasivos, como a ultrassonografia, poderiam ser utilizados para estimar o potencial reprodutivo e auxiliar na comparação de machos de codornas japonesas em núcleos de seleção de aves elite, contribuindo para melhoramento genético da espécie.
Efeitos cardiorrespiratórios da metadona, pelas vias intramuscular e intravenosa, em cadelas submetidas à ovariossalpingo-histerectomia
Authors: Pereira D.A. , Marques J.A. , Borges P.A. , Batista P.A.C.S. , Oliveira C.A. , Nunes N. , Lopes P.C.F.
Published: September 2013

A metadona é um opioide pouco utilizado na medicina veterinária, e há, ainda, questionamentos quanto ao seu uso. Desse modo, comparou-se o emprego da metadona, administrada pelas vias IM e IV, e avaliaram-se seus efeitos sobre as características cardiorrespiratórias e os tempos de extubação e recuperação em cadelas submetidas à ovariossalpingo-histerectomia. Utilizaram-se 16 cadelas, pré-medicadas com levomepromazina, 0.6mg/kg, IM. Após 20 minutos, a indução anestésica foi feita com propofol, 5mg/kg, IV, e a manutenção com isoflurano. Transcorridos 10 minutos, os animais receberam metadona, 0.3mg/kg, pelas vias IM - grupo GIM - e IV - grupo GIV. As mensurações das frequências cardíaca (FC) e respiratória (FR), pressão arterial média (PAM), temperatura esofágica (TE), pressão parcial de dióxido de carbono (EtCO2) e saturação de oxi-hemoglobina (SpO2) foram registradas antes da administração do opioide (T0), após 20 minutos (T1) e a cada 10 minutos da administração até 60 minutos (T2 a T5). Usou-se a análise de perfil (5%). Com relação à FC, PAM, FR, EtCO2, TE e SpO2, não foram observadas diferenças significativas entre grupos e momentos. Observaram-se tempos de extubação e recuperação maiores no GIV. É possível concluir que a administração IV e a IM da metadona não produzem alterações nas características cardiorrespiratórias em cadelas.
Qualidade seminal, morfologia dos testículos e epidídimos de touros submetidos à dieta contendo gossipol
Authors: Santos M.D. , Rodrigues R.S. , Freitas S.H. , Costa D.S. , Ruas J.R.M. , Miranda E.J. , Simões M.J.
Published: September 2013

Objetivou-se avaliar o efeito da ingestão de gossipol livre sobre a qualidade espermática e a morfologia dos testículos e dos epidídimos de touros da raça Nelore. Doze touros receberam dieta contendo 3,3g de gossipol livre/touro/dia (caroço de algodão) (Grupo 1, n=6) e dieta isenta de gossipol (Grupo 2, n=6), respectivamente. Foram realizadas coletas de sêmen no início e no final do experimento, que teve duração de 73 dias. Ao final do estudo, foram retirados os testículos e os epidídimos dos touros para se estudar o efeito do gossipol livre sobre as características histológicas. O consumo médio de 3,3g de gossipol livre/touro/dia (média 7,1mg de gossipol livre/kg/dia) reduziu a motilidade e a concentração espermática e aumentou a porcentagem de defeitos espermáticos maiores e totais. Além disso, os animais apresentaram testículos com túbulos seminíferos de menor espessura de parede, menor número de camadas de células espermatogênicas, menor espessura do epitélio epididimário e menor número de espermatozoide no interior dos ductos epidídimários, em relação aos animais com dieta isenta de gossipol (Grupo 2). O consumo de 3,3g de gossipol livre/touro/dia acarretou alterações na morfologia e na morfometria dos testículos e dos epidídimos e reduziu a qualidade espermática dos touros.
Genes de enterotoxinas e perfil antimicrobiano de Escherichia coli isoladas de suínos hígidos no Distrito Federal
Authors: Drummond V.O. , Perecmanis S.
Published: September 2013

Um total de 127 cepas de Escherichia coli foi isolado de suínos no Distrito Federal, testado para a presença de genes de enterotoxinas (STa, LT-I, LT-II, Stx1 e Stx2) e para resistência antimicrobiana. Das cepas isoladas, oito (6,3%) possuíam genes para enterotoxinas, sendo quatro (3,2%) positivas somente para LT-I, três (2,4%) somente para STa e uma (0,8%) positiva para STa e LT-I. Nenhuma das cepas isoladas apresentou genes para LT-II, Stx1 ou Stx2. Quanto ao perfil de resistência antimicrobiano, os antibióticos com maiores porcentagens de resistência foram lincomicina (100%), sulfonamidas (74,8%) e tetraciclina (70,1%), enquanto os maiores índices de sensibilidade foram observados na norfloxacina (82,7%), gentamicina (75,6%) e sulfametoxazol + trimetoprim (63%). Esses resultados demonstraram a presença de genes de enterotoxinas e altas taxas de resistência antimicrobiana em E. coli isoladas de suínos hígidos no DF.
Cardiovascular and respiratory alterations in dogs during cervical myelography using ioversol
Authors: Silva S.R.A. Melo e , Tudury E.A. , Albuquerque V.B. , Araújo F.P. , Souza T.F.B. , Nóbrega Neto P. I. , Bonelli M.A.
Published: September 2013

Subarachnoid infusion of most contrast mediums and the steps involved in performing a cervical myelography have adverse affects that can discourage its use in the radiographic diagnosis of spinal cord diseases. Thus, the cardiovascular and respiratory alterations associated with neck flexion, subarachnoid puncture, and cerebrospinal fluid drainage during subarachnoid infusion of ioversol (320mgI/mL) in dogs under general anesthesia using isoflurane were evaluated. The dogs received subarachnoid infusion of autologous cerebrospinal fluid kept at 38°C - control group (GC); ioversol 0.3mL/kg at 25°C (GI25) and ioversol 0.3mL/kg heated to 38°C (GI38). Each dog had its heart rate (HR), systolic arterial pressure (SAP), diastolic arterial pressure (DAP), respiratory rate (RR), oxyhemoglobin saturation (SaO2) and electrocardiography readings (PR and QT intervals) recorded. Group comparisons showed no statistical difference regarding neck positioning, subarachnoid puncture, and subarachnoid infusion of contrast medium on HR, RR and SaO2, cardiac rhythm or conduction. However, isoflurane significantly increased PR and QT intervals. Based on these findings, it is concluded that the steps involved in cervical myelography and the use of ioversol 320mgI/mL at 0.3mL/kg (25ºC and 38ºC) during cervical myelography did not result in relevant cardiovascular and respiratory alterations, except for an elevation in arterial pressure after injection of ioversol.
Estudo das agressões por cães, segundo tipo de interação entre cão e vítima, e das circunstâncias motivadoras dos acidentes, município de São Paulo, 2008 a 2009
Authors: Paranhos N.T. , Silva E.A. , Bernardi F. , Mendes M.C.N.C. , Junqueira D.M.A.G. , Souza I.O.M. , Albuquerque J.O.M. , Alves J.C.M. , Machado M.N.P.
Published: September 2013

Caracterizaram-se as agressões por cães, o perfil das vítimas e dos agressores e as circunstâncias desses acidentes. Calculou-se a amostra aleatória a partir de 20 mil notificações/ano de agressões por cães e realizaram-se 594 entrevistas telefônicas. A maior frequência de agressões ocorreu no sexo masculino, faixa etária de cinco a 14 anos. Lesões leves representaram 80,4%. As profundas (19,1%) ocorreram por cães de porte médio seguidas pelos de grande porte. A maioria dos cães era macho adulto, porte médio. Dos entrevistados, 52,5% desconheciam a condição reprodutiva; 41,0% dos cães não eram esterilizados e 6,4% eram esterilizados. Cães sem raça definida (SRD) provocaram 48,4% dos acidentes, e 57,6% das agressões ocorreram em locais privados. Em 56,2% das agressões, as vítimas eram moradoras do imóvel ou pessoas conhecidas. Com animais não conhecidos a agressão mais frequente ocorreu na rua, 30,8%, e 67,5% dos donos permaneceram com os animais. As agressões foram resultantes da interação homem-cão e devem ser estudadas para se identificarem os possíveis comportamentos que desencadeiam a agressão pelo animal.
Padronização da técnica de plasmaférese automatizada em equinos
Authors: Escodro P.B. , Bernardo J.O. , Roveri E.G. , Escodro L.O. , Oliveira C.F. , Fonseca L.S. , Lopes C.R.A. , Tonholo J. , Nascimento T. Gomes do
Published: September 2013

O presente artigo objetivou estudar a viabilidade da técnica de plasmaférese automatizada e padronizá-la em cinco equinos hígidos, bem como apresentar as complicações durante o procedimento, as adequações em relação aos procedimentos em humanos e avaliar a recuperação de volume globular e proteínas plasmáticas totais nos doadores. Os procedimentos foram realizados com o equipamento Fresenius AS104, com duração média de 1h46min, processamento de 5758mL de sangue total e colheita média de 3133mL de plasma. Não foram observadas alterações significativas do volume globular após a plasmaférese automatizada. A recuperação dos níveis plasmáticos de proteínas foi de 91,4% em 96 horas após o procedimento. A plasmaférese automatizada apresentou-se viável para a espécie equina, diminuindo o tempo de recuperação hematimétrica nos doadores.
Infecção sistêmica por Mycobacterium avium em cão: relato de caso
Authors: Gonçalves S. , Garcia K. , Amaral P. S. , D'Elia K.A. , Magalhães A.I. , Rocha V.C.F.
Published: September 2013

Infecções sistêmicas causadas pelo complexo Mycobacterium avium em cães são consideradas raras. Em cães e gatos, a infecção resulta da ingestão de carne ou do contato com solo ou fômites contaminados. As manifestações clínicas de cães infectados por M. avium tendem a ser vagas ou ausentes, logo o diagnóstico in vivo torna-se difícil. A suspeita de infecção sistêmica por micobacteriose ocorreu, neste relato, após a identificação de bacilos álcool-ácido resistentes na amostra de medula óssea, os quais foram identificados como Mycobacterium avium pelo método molecular de reação em cadeia da polimerase com análise de restrição (PCR-PRA). Este animal apresentava uma aplasia de medula óssea em decorrência de Erhlichia canis, corroborando a maioria dos relatos na literatura em que se associa essa infecção a pacientes imunossuprimidos.
Consumo e desempenho de ovinos alimentados com silagens de cana-de-açúcar tratadas com óxido de cálcio e cloreto de sódio
Authors: Rabelo F.H.S. , Rezende A.V. , Rabelo C.H.S. , Nogueira D.A. , Silva W.A. , Vieira P.F. , Santos W.B.
Published: September 2013

Avaliaram-se o consumo e o desempenho de ovinos alimentados com silagens de cana-de-açúcar tratadas com óxido de cálcio (CaO) e cloreto de sódio (NaCl). Utilizaram-se sete tratamentos: controle (silagem sem aditivo), silagens com 0,5; 1,0 e 1,5% de CaO e silagens com 0,5; 1,0 e 2,0% de NaCl, com quatro repetições. Os animais consumiram maior quantidade de matéria seca e de nutrientes digestíveis totais quando se adicionou 0,5% de NaCl ou ainda 1,0 e 1,5% de CaO. Quanto à fibra em detergente neutro e à proteína bruta, observou-se maior consumo quando se adicionou 0,5% de NaCl ou 1,0% de CaO. Não foi observado efeito da dieta sobre o ganho médio diário de peso. A adição de 0,5% de cloreto de sódio e 1,0% de óxido de cálcio à silagem de cana-de-açúcar resultou em aumento no consumo e melhora no desempenho de ovinos.
Milk quality according to the daily range in farm production in the Mesoregion Central Mineira and Oeste of Minas Gerais regions, Brazil
Authors: Borges L.R. , Fonseca L.M. , Martins R.T. , Oliveira M.C.P.P.
Published: September 2013

The objective of this work was to characterize milk production from the Central Mineira and Oeste Mesoregions regions in Minas Gerais State, Brazil, according to quality parameters such as somatic cell count, total bacteria count, and composition for specific production ranges. Average results for milk fat, protein, total and nonfat solids were compliant with Brazilian legal requirements (IN-62/2011) in all the production ranges selected. Average somatic cell counts (SCC) complied with the legal requirements of 600,000 cells/mL, except for the range with a daily production above 1,000 liters. However, average maximum values of 400,000 cells/mL are recommended for good milk quality. Total bacterial count was the most critical quality factor, with the highest values found in breeds with milk production above 500 liters per day.
Youth leadership: a proposal for identifying and developing creativity and giftedness
Authors: Pfeiffer Steven I. , Wechsler Solange Muglia
Published: September 2013

There is a considerable amount of literature on leadership, particularly as it relates to organizations, government, and the military. However, educators and psychologists know considerably less about early precursors of leadership, how leadership develops in youth, possible gender differences, and the relationship of leadership, intelligence and creativity. A global consensus exists that leaders are needed and that we shouldn't delay the early development of leadership skills. The authors propose a model to enhance creative leadership and introduce a teacher-completed rating scale, the Gifted Rating Scales to help accomplish this. As demonstrated, there are possibilities to detect early creative and intellectual giftedness among children and youngsters in the classrooms and expectations to move from a basic level of competence to reach an elite or expert level in any field, facilitating the emergence of leadership.
Atualização do Complexo de Édipo na relação com o bebê: evidências a partir de um estudo de caso
Authors: Ferrari Andrea Gabriela , Piccinini Cesar Augusto , Lopes Rita de Cássia Sobreira
Published: September 2013

O complexo de Édipo é um conceito central para a psicanálise, pois alicerça a psicopatologia na medida em que desempenha um papel primordial na constituição psíquica do ser humano e na orientação do seu desejo. No caso da menina, Freud acentuou a importância do período pré-edípico; que funcionará como protótipo pelo qual serão estabelecidas as futuras relações, incluindo as relações com seus filhos. Buscou-se articular, pela descrição de um estudo de caso de uma primigesta, a atualização do complexo de Édipo desde a descoberta da gestação. As falas dessa mãe permitiram pensar no processo de falicização de um filho a partir da equação simbólica freudiana falo-bebê. Sugere-se que a suposição de um lugar fálico para o bebê ocorreu pelos movimentos transitivistas maternos a partir das decodificações daquilo que o bebê lhe dá a ver.
Segurança no trabalho com agrotóxicos em citros: aplicação com o turbopulverizador e preparo de calda em tanque de 2.000 L
Authors: Oliveira Maurício Leite de , Machado Neto Joaquim Gonçalves
Published: September 2013

Os objetivos deste trabalho foram quantificar as exposições dérmicas e respiratórias proporcionadas pelas condições de trabalho na aplicação de agrotóxicos em cultura de citros com o turbopulverizador e no preparo de caldas em um tanque de 2.000 L de capacidade; avaliar a eficiência de medidas de proteção individual; determinar as regiões mais expostas do corpo dos trabalhadores e coletiva para esses trabalhadores; e classificar as condições de trabalho, sem e com as medidas de proteção testadas, quanto à segurança ocupacional das recomendações de agrotóxicos registrados para o controle das principais pragas e doenças dessa cultura. Verificou-se, que para o tratorista e para o aplicador, pulverizando agrotóxicos em citros com o turbopulverizador, as medidas de proteção mais eficientes foram o conjunto AZR e a cabina Real. O conjunto AZR foi eficiente no controle da exposição do preparador de caldas, pois foi suficiente para tornar condições de trabalho inseguras em seguras. A região mais exposta do corpo, nas duas condições de trabalho estudadas, foram as mãos dos trabalhadores.
Perfil dos acidentes rurais em agências do INSS de São Paulo no ano 2000
Authors: Corrêa Ila Maria , Yamashita Rosa Yasuko , Ramos Hamilton Humberto , Franco André Vinícius Favrim
Published: September 2013

Levantamento realizado com o objetivo de caracterizar os acidentes rurais registrados em agências da previdência social. Foram amostradas dez agências no estado de São Paulo tomando-se como base o ano de 2000. Os acidentes foram avaliados em termos da distribuição percentual das seguintes características: perfil do acidentado (sexo, idade, estado civil), tarefa em execução na ocasião do acidente, natureza da causa do acidente, tipo de agente da lesão, partes do corpo atingidas, tipos de lesões e conseqüência do acidente (dias de afastamento, ocorrência de internação). Um total de 949 registros de acidentes foram identificados. Dos inúmeros relatos de acidentes apresentados observou-se que: a grande maioria deles está relacionada à colheita manual de produtos agrícolas (41,7 %) sendo as ferramentas manuais a natureza predominante das causas (34,3 %) e os ferimentos/contusões o tipo de lesão mais comum (68,9 %). O principal agente da lesão foram as batidas contra objetos ou partes mecânicas (43,8 %) sendo os membros superiores os mais atingidos (43,2 %).
Lombalgias e trabalho
Authors: Iguti Aparecida Mari , Hoehne Eduardo Luiz
Published: September 2013

Lombalgias apresentam altas taxas de prevalência em todos os setores de atividades econômicas sendo que em algumas, a gravidade das alterações levam ao afastamento e à incapacidade ao trabalho. Nos estudos observa-se a necessidade de avaliações e intervenções ergonômicas. Este é um texto de uma revisão das lombalgias e de seus fatores ocupacionais, considerando-se alguns aspectos metodológicos da avaliação da exposição aos fatores de risco; também pontuamos algumas dificuldades atuais, as necessidades e tendências de pesquisas neste tema.
Absenteísmo entre trabalhadores de serviços de nutrição e dietética de dois hospitais em São Paulo
Authors: Isosaki Mitsue
Published: September 2013

Estudo retrospectivo, com participação de 285 servidores de Serviços de Nutrição e Dietética de uma instituição de excelência pública e uma privada. Para a quantificação das ausências foram utilizadas informações coletadas nas escalas mensais dos trabalhadores referentes ao período de janeiro a dezembro de 2001, formulações baseadas nas recomendações da Subcomissão de Absenteísmo da Comissão Permanente e Associação Internacional de Medicina do Trabalho e análises fornecidas pelos Serviços de Medicina do Trabalho. Foi aplicado um questionário de auto-avaliação das condições de trabalho e de opinião dos servidores sobre a questão do absenteísmo. O absenteísmo de trabalhadores nos Serviços de Nutrição e Dietética se assemelhou entre os hospitais público e privado tanto quanto às outras organizações não hospitalares, o que direciona em agravante por se tratar de instituições de saúde onde o figurante central é o doente, mas que os próprios trabalhadores requerem uma atenção na melhoria da qualidade de vida no trabalho.
Social Interactions of School-Aged Children with CFA: Mothers' Perspectives and Advice
Authors: Klein Tovah P. , Pope Alice , Abbott Rebecca
Published: September 2013

Objective

To learn about (1) mothers' perspectives on their children's social experiences and (2) how mothers interpret social situations and provide guidance to their children in challenging situations.

Design

This was a qualitative study analyzing narratives. Mothers participated in a semistructured interview; mothers and their children participated in a social coaching task involving responses to hypothetical situations. Transcripts of audio recordings were used to create thematic coding categories, and transcripts were reviewed and coded.

Setting

Children were patients at a reconstructive plastic surgery center in an urban hospital and medical school; families were recruited from a regional support group associated with the hospital.

Participants

Mothers of nine children with congenital craniofacial anomalies, aged 9 to 14 years.

Main Outcome Measures

Thematic narrative coding categories, focusing on mothers' perspectives on children's actual social experiences (from the interview) and mothers' advice and interpretations regarding challenging hypothetical social tasks (from the coaching task).

Results

In the interviews, mothers reported positive and negative social experiences for their children. Multiple approaches were used by mothers to interpret social interactions experienced by children (interview) and hypothetical social situations (coaching task). These included consideration of situational factors, motivations of others, and factors within own child. Mothers' hypothetical advice was often prosocial, including concrete strategies to resolve conflict, to plan ways to avoid problems, to foster self-reliance, and to avoid hurtful situations.

Conclusions

Mothers showed active interest and concern in their children's peer relationships and were thoughtful in devising strategies to successfully manage potential social challenges.
Nonsynostotic Cranial Deformity: A Six-Month Matched-Pair Photogrammetric Comparison of Treated and Untreated Infants
Authors: Wilbrand J.F. , Hagemes F. , Wilbrand M. , Kühnemann J. , Dey F. , Streckbein P. , Howaldt H.P.
Published: September 2013

Objective

To photogrammetrically objectify changes in nonsynostotic craniofacial deformity in orthotically treated versus untreated infants.

Design

A statistical retrospective pairwise comparison of two respective three-dimensional (3D) photo scans of 80 children performed in a 6-month time lag.

Patients

Two comparable samples of children (40 treated, 40 untreated) with nonsynostotic cranial deformity.

Interventions

Respective 3D photo scans were matched using Cranioform Analytics 4.0 software.

Main Outcome Measures

Median change of 30° Cranial Vault Asymmetry Index (CVAI), modified CVAI (CVAImod), Cranial Index (CI), and posterior symmetry ratio (PSR).

Results

We found an improvement in Δ30° CVAI by 3.3% (treated) and by 1.31% (untreated), respectively. CVAImod improved by 3.46% in the treated group and by 1.55% in the untreated group. CI improved by 4.41% in the treated group and by 3.68% in the untreated group, and PSR improved by 0.71 in the treated group and 0.49 in the untreated group. Although improvement of cranial asymmetry was higher in those children treated with an individual molding orthosis, we could not document a statistically significant difference between the two groups.

Conclusions

Helmet therapy may be less appropriate for the correction of brachycephaly than for cranial asymmetry. Nonsynostotic cranial deformity shows some spontaneous correction. Photogrammetry presents an accurate method to objectify craniofacial changes in early infancy.
Does relatedness matter? Phylogenetic density‐dependent survival of seedlings in a tropical forest
Authors: Lebrija-Trejos Edwin , Wright S. Joseph , Hernández Andrés , Reich Peter B.
Published: September 2013

A complex set of interactions among neighbors influences plant performance and community structure. Understanding their joint operation requires extensive information on species characteristics and individual performance. We evaluated first‐year survival of 35 719 tropical forest seedlings of 222 species and 15 annual cohorts relative to the density of conspecific and heterospecific neighbors and the phylogenetic similarity of heterospecific neighbors. Neighbors were from two size classes, and size asymmetric interactions provided insight into likely mechanisms. Large heterospecific and conspecific neighbors reduced seedling survival equally, suggesting resource competition rather than host‐specific enemies as a mechanism. In contrast, much stronger negative conspecific effects were associated with seedling neighbors capable of limited resource uptake, suggesting shared pests rather than competition as the mechanism. Survival improved, however, near phylogenetically similar heterospecific neighbors, suggesting habitat associations shared among closely related species affect spatial patterns of performance. Improved performance near phylogenetically similar neighbors is an emerging pattern in the handful of similar studies.
The Extracellular Matrix Protein 1 (ECM1) in Skin Biology: An Update for the Pleiotropic Action
Authors: Oyama Noritaka , Merregaert Joseph
Published: September 2013

Extracellular matrix protein 1 (ECM1) is a secreted glycoprotein that plays a pivotal role in the structural and
homeostatic biology of the skin, particularly in angiogenesis, reconstitution of basement membrane, proliferation and
differentiation of epidermal keratinocytes and dermal fibroblasts, and malignant transformation. This rationale is
substantiated by loss-of-function mutations in the ECM1 gene in an autosomal recessive genodermatosis lipoid
proteinosis and circulating IgG autoantibodies to this molecule in a humoral autoimmune condition lichen sclerosus, both
of which are counterpart disease conditions sharing comparable skin pathology. In the recent decade, considerable
progress has been made in determining the in vivo function of ECM1 in animal model studies. Furthermore, underlying
insights arose for the genetic predisposition in inflammatory bowel disease ulcerative colitis, acquisition of immune
tolerance and allergic responses via particular T cell subsets such as CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells and Th2 cells,
regeneration of certain organs, and clinical advantages for diagnostic and prognostic significance in various cancers.
Following our latest review in 2009, we now update the most recent evidences for the pleiotropic action of ECM1 in skin
research, and also highlight the novel pathogenic relevance of this molecule in a variety of human disorders.
Maximum Strength in Squats Determines Jumping Height in Young Female Volleyball Players
Authors: Augustsson Sofia Ryman
Published: September 2013

Few data exist on the relationship between maximum strength and power performance, such as jumping ability
in low-level female volleyball players. The aim of the present study was to determine the relationship between maximum
strength and jumping performance in young female non-elite volleyball players before and after an in-season resistancetraining
protocol. A 26-week, in-season resistance-training program was carried out on ten female volleyball players, aged
19 (±2). The 1 RM squat test was used to evaluate the players’ maximum strength in the lower extremities and a vertical
jump (VJ) test was used to assess functional performance and power. There was a significant enhancement of 69%
(p=0.005) for the squat test and 9% for the VJ test (p=0.008). A strong significant relationship was found between the VJ
test and the 1 RM squat test (r=0.68, r2=0.47, p=0.0014) at the pre-test and post-test (r=0.88, r2=0.77, p=0.001). When
comparing the coefficients of correlation (r=0.68 and r=0.88) between the squat tests and VJ tests, the difference that was
noted was significant (p<0.001). A strong significant relationship was also noted between the 1RM squat and VJ test
relative to body weight at pre-test (r=0.89, r2=0.79, p=0.001) and post-test (r=0.95, r2=0.90), p<0.001). This study
demonstrates that maximum strength in squats is a major predictive factor for jumping height in young female volleyball
players. Female volleyball players might therefore consider focusing on maximum strength training to improve their
jumping performance.
Effects of intravenous administration of polymyxin B in neonatal foals with experimental endotoxemia
Authors: Wong David M. , Sponseller Brett A. , Alcott Cody J. , Agbedanu Prince N. , Wang Chong , Hsu Walter H.
Published: September 2013

Objective—To evaluate the effect of IV administration of polymyxin B on clinical and serum biochemical variables in foals with experimental endotoxemia.

Design—Prospective experimental study.

Animals—14 healthy neonatal foals.

Procedures—Foals were randomly assigned to a treatment or control group and were administered a single dose of lipopolysaccharide (0.5 μg/kg [0.23 μg/lb]) IV over 30 minutes. The treatment group received polymyxin B (6,000 U/kg [2,727 U/lb], IV) immediately after completion of lipopolysaccharide infusion; the control group was administered an equal volume of saline (0.9% NaCl) solution. Subsequent doses of polymyxin B or saline solution were administered IV at 8 and 16 hours. Blood was collected at various time points, and outcome variables, including heart rate, respiratory rate, rectal temperature, attitude score, WBC count, neutrophil count, lymphocyte count, monocyte count, platelet count, Hct, blood lactate concentration, blood glucose concentration, serum tumor necrosis factor-α concentration, and plasma thromboxane B2 concentration, were measured. Urine was collected prior to and after experimentation to determine whether nephrotoxicosis was associated with treatment.

Results—The treatment group had significantly lower blood lactate concentration and serum tumor necrosis factor-α and plasma thromboxane B2 concentrations and had higher blood glucose concentrations and better attitude scores, compared with the control group, at various time points during the study. No other significant differences and no evidence of overt nephrotoxicosis were detected.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Administration of polymyxin B IV in healthy neonatal foals challenged with lipopolysaccharide attenuated some clinical and serum biochemical derangements associated with endotoxemia.
Comparative analgesic efficacy of morphine sulfate and butorphanol tartrate in koi (Cyprinus carpio) undergoing unilateral gonadectomy
Authors: Baker Tracie R. , Baker Bridget B. , Johnson Stephen M. , Sladky Kurt K.
Published: September 2013

Objective—To identify pain-related behaviors and assess the effects of butorphanol tartrate and morphine sulfate in koi (Cyprinus carpio) undergoing unilateral gonadectomy.

Design—Prospective study.

Animals—90 adult male and female koi.

Procedures—Each fish received saline (0.9% NaCl) solution (which is physiologically compatible with fish) IM, butorphanol (10 mg/kg [4.5 mg/lb], IM), or morphine (5 mg/kg [2.3 mg/lb], IM) as an injection only (6 fish/treatment); an injection with anesthesia and surgery (12 fish/treatment); or an injection with anesthesia but without surgery (12 fish/treatment). Physiologic and behavioral data were recorded 12 hours before and at intervals after treatment.

Results—Compared with baseline values, the saline solution–surgery group had significantly decreased respiratory rates (at 12 to 24 hours), food consumption assessed as a percentage of floating pellets consumed (at 0 to 36 hours), and activity score (at 0 to 48 hours). Respiratory rate decreased in all butorphanol-treated fish; significant decreases were detected at fewer time points following morphine administration. In the butorphanol-surgery group, the value for food consumption initially decreased but returned to baseline values within 3 hours after treatment; food consumption did not change in the morphine-surgery group. Surgery resulted in decreased activity, regardless of treatment, with the most pronounced effect in the saline solution–surgery group. Changes in location in water column, interactive behavior, and hiding behavior were not significantly different among groups. Butorphanol and morphine administration was associated with temporary buoyancy problems and temporary bouts of excessive activity, respectively.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Butorphanol and morphine appeared to have an analgesic effect in koi, but morphine administration caused fewer deleterious adverse effects. Food consumption appeared to be a reliable indicator of pain in koi.
Effects of Organizational Justice on Organizational Citizenship Behaviors: Mediating Effects of Institutional Trust and Affective Commitment
Authors: Guh Wei-Yuan , Lin Shang-Ping , Fan Chwei-Jen , Yang Chin-Fang
Published: September 2013

This study investigated the mediating role of institutional trust and affective commitment on the relationship between organizational justice and organizational citizenship behaviors. The study participants were 315 faculty members at 67 public/private universities of technology and vocational colleges in Taiwan. Structural equation modeling was used to analyze the relationships between the variables and assess the goodness of fit of the overall model. Organizational justice was positively related to institutional trust and there was an indirect effect of organizational justice on affective commitment through institutional trust. In addition, the relation between institutional trust and affective commitment was positive and affective commitment was shown to have a positive relation to organizational citizenship behaviors. Institutional trust was found to indirectly affect organizational citizenship behaviors through affective commitment. Most importantly, this study suggested a mediating effect of institutional trust and affective commitment on the relation between organizational justice and organizational citizenship behaviors. Implications, limitations, and future research were also discussed.
Reliability and Validity of the Outcome Questionnaire–45.2
Authors: Boswell Donald L. , White Jason K. , Sims Wendy D. , Harrist R. Steven , Romans John S. C.
Published: September 2013

A random sample of 220 counseling center client records at a large Midwestern university, was used to assess reliability and validity of the Outcome Questionnaire–45.2 (OQ–45.2). The center uses the OQ–5.2 at intake. Internal consistency coefficients for the three subscales and the total score were acceptable, with high coefficients for the total score and Symptom Distress subscale and moderate coefficients for the Interpersonal Relations and Social Role subscales. Correlations among clients' presenting concerns and OQ–5.2 scores were computed and lend strong support for the validity of the OQ–45.2 total score and the Symptom Distress subscale. Weaker support was found for the Interpersonal Relations and Social Role subscales.
A Revision of the Academic Locus of Control Scale for College Students
Authors: Curtis Nicholas A. , Trice Ashton D.
Published: September 2013

This study presents a revision of Trice's (1985) Academic Locus of Control Scale for College Students. A principal component analysis involving 322 college students produced four factors including 21 of the original 28 items. Inspection of the seven items not included in the four-factor solution suggested that they could be eliminated on both content and technical grounds. The resulting revised scale was similar to the original scale with respect to its relations with GPA, attendance, and measures of Academic Entitlement, procrastination, depression, and anxiety.
Achievement Motives, Self-Efficacy, Achievement Goals, and Academic Achievement at Multiple Stages of Education: A Longitudinal Analysis
Authors: Bjørnebekk Gunnar , Diseth Åge , Ulriksen Robin
Published: September 2013

The present study investigated the joint effects of achievement motives, self-efficacy, and achievement goals as predictors of subsequent academic achievement among educational science students. A longitudinal research design allowed for measurement of motivational variables at several stages of education during bachelor courses (subsequent to the introductory courses), firstly by measuring achievement motives, secondly by self-efficacy and achievement goals. Subsequently, students' academic achievement level was measured at four different points in time, until they finished the last course for their bachelor degrees. A multivariate path analysis showed consistent relations between the motivational variables. The motive to avoid failure positively predicted the adoption of avoidance goals (both mastery and performance) and negatively predicted self-efficacy. Academic achievement was mainly predicted by the motive for success and performance-avoidance goals. The path analysis also showed strong relationships between the examination grades at different points in time.