bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Register Variation of PKK RT 03 Kendung Rejo Surabaya
Authors: Alisia Erika
Published: December 2023

This study proposes to find the various and the meaning of registers, and the kinds of social classes in the community. The register is defined as the language variation that is used by the community in their communication. The community was the PKK community in RT 003 RW 008 Kendung Rejo. Member of PKK community as subjects to analyse. This study is a qualitative ethnography that focuses on the community within its natural context and the participants’ beliefs, behaviour, value etc. It was performed by conversation and chats. The data was collected offline gathering at RT’s building and through online Whatsapp group chats. As a result, the frequency of registers obtained offline is 13 registers, and online is 12 registers. In offline, 13 registers are Mars PKK, KSK, Akta, Pendataan, KTP, Lotre, Doorprize, Dawis, Bumantik, Buku Ijo, Buku Ungu, Jentik, and Abate. While, online mentioned 12 register sent by member in Whatsapp group such as Virus PMK, Ngelapak, MBR, Sapling, Sensus, Infak, Ta’mir, Imunisasi, Balita, Timbang, KB IUD, and Implan. Mostly in social class, the information was delivered by the head of RT 03 and the head of Dasawisma. Different members’ social classes showed different registers and how important the information conveyed.
Representation of Gender-Based Violence Words in Genshin Impact
Authors: Maharditya I.G.N Adhimas
Published: December 2023

This paper aims to examine a representation of gender-based violence words inside video games. This study focused on processing textual data inside video games, where Genshin Impact’s in-game textual data is the chosen object of research. In previous research regarding modern media, gender male was always related to violence words more than female. Uncovering the result from the comparison of violence words used Genshin between males and females is the main goal of this study. Genshin was chosen because of the dominant number of female characters (33) compared to male characters (17), which piqued my curiosity if this game is able to change the culture where female characters can be more related to violence words.  A mixed-method analysis is used as the core method of this research, as aside from statistical analysis by corpus software, culture, and social aspects are also analyzed based on statistical results.  The result shows that despite a big difference in character count, male characters still have more relation to violence words than female characters by around 2%.
Imbedding Gender Issues in English Materials for University Students
Authors: Dewi Puspita , Muhid Abdul , Hastuti Hilda
Published: December 2023

Gender inequality becomes one of the most challenging issues all over the world because it is one of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) targets and Education for All (EFA) goals to reduce gender inequality in society. Education has a pivotal role in reducing and solving social problems because education through the teaching and learning process and the materials available could shape students’ minds and perspectives. Consequently, selecting good values and vibes in the materials are needed. Most textbooks are concerned with skills and cutting-edge technology issues. One of the illustrations is English textbooks for computer science that focus on how to be a good programmer and game developer but the materials neglect the social values, contexts, and function. The aim of this study is to develop English materials gender-based content for Computer science students as well as to promote gender equality to students. The method of this study is Research and Development (R&D) proposed by Gall, Gall, & Borg. The instruments are classified into two aspects namely questionnaire and interview. It is expected that the materials developed could reduce gender inequality in the academic environment because, through textbooks or materials, teachers are able to change the students’ perspectives and behaviors. The research results show that the students believe that the materials based on gender content can encourage them to learn English and they are enthusiastic to learn the subject.
The Scottish Enlightenment and the Father of Russian Jurisprudence
Authors: Brown Archie
Published: December 2023

Desnitskii was the leading explicator in Catherine II’s Russia of British thought, especially that of the Scottish Enlightenment, and of British institutions, an influential teacher, and a socially engaged intellectual. The author, in earlier work, showed that Chapter 22 of Catherine’s Nakaz was directly influenced by Desnitskii and, indirectly, by the Moscow University Law professor’s esteemed Glasgow teacher, Adam Smith. This new article draws on digitized archival sources to cast additional light on the Scottish education of Desnitskii and his colleague Ivan Tret’iakov – on the professors with whom they interacted, the lectures they attended, and the books they read. Desnitskii was profoundly influenced by Smith and by Law Professor John Millar, and well acquainted with the inventor James Watt whom he urged Catherine to invite to Russia. In his extensive reform proposals to the Empress, Desnitskii especially championed the raznochintsy, seeking a role for them in the governing of Russia.
The Seventeenth-Century Uralic Peoples and Language Processes
Authors: Brown Peter B.
Published: December 2023

Customarily, studies of Early Modern Russia stress agency emanating from below or from policy-makers at the top. This investigation chooses a middle path by examining the contributions of low-ranking administrative workers to homogenizing records-keeping through the creation of surnames. This was no easy task as these government personnel, with or without central direction, had to contrive criteria to formulate surname-creation. Surnames derived from occupations, physical characteristics, and perceived personality traits were one solution but so was topography and ethnicity. This study, using anthroponymy (the study of names) and hydronymy (the study of naming bodies of water) will portray how government workers in the field were able to organize local populations for the fisc through formulating surnames. This inquiry selects the Uralic-speaking populations of Northern Russia and Northwestern Siberia as its focus. The activities described unveil how local officials, whose identities remain unknown in larger thematic and national studies, were significant contributors to realm- and state-building through their unobtrusive policy-making via surname creation.
“I Remember the Days of Old; I Meditate [on All Thy Works]”
Authors: Martin Russell E.
Published: December 2023

This article analyzes the short book The Origin of the Law of Succession in Russia (1925) by St. John of Shanghai and San Francisco (1896–1966, canonized 1994) for its treatment of succession to the throne in Kyivan, Muscovite, and Imperial Russian history. In it, St. John makes the case for the gradual and intentional development of primogeniture in Muscovy and sees the Petrine Law of Succession of 1722 as a fundamental violation of customary norms about the succession. He also sees the Pauline Law of Succession of 1797 as a restoration of those norms and a step forward in the regularization of the succession. St. John discusses how the Russian Revolutions of 1917 affected the Romanov dynasty and concludes that the Pauline Law was and would continue to be a vital legal instrument for maintaining the dynasty in exile. He also recommended the elimination of the Law’s equal marriage requirement and the addition to it of a requirement that all members and spouses of members of the dynasty be Orthodox. St. John’s book became an important reference work for generations of surviving Romanovs after 1917, even if his suggested changes to the Law have yet to be implemented.
Borrowings from the Old Slavic Digenis Akritis in the Muscovite Buovo d’Antona (Bova Korolevich)
Authors: Romanchuk Robert
Published: December 2023

The Byzantine Greek “romantic epic” Digenis Akritis and the Venetian romance Buovo d’Antona, translated into different Slavic languages under different circumstances and traversing Slavic space by different routes, reached Muscovy in the sixteenth century – each undergoing significant editing there and ultimately becoming textually entangled. It has not been noticed before that the editor of a Muscovite redaction of Buovo borrowed a number of passages from an early redaction of the “formulaically styled” Slavic Digenis. The encounter of Buovo with Digenis may help explain the former work’s subsequent popularity in Russia, as it transformed the courtly hero Buovo d’Antona into the Russian folk hero Bova Korolevich. It also helps sketch a context for the direct ancestor of the most important extant manuscript of the Slavic Digenis.
Review of Polish practices used in landscape assessment in the environmental impact assessment with a recommended procedure
Authors: Bobrowska Ewa , Tokarczyk-Dorociak Katarzyna , Stemmer Boris , Bernstein Franziska , Kazak Jan
Published: December 2023

The landscape impact assessment of planned developments is an important tool that supports landscape protection. As part of the analysis, the Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) reports were reviewed in terms of the methods of landscape impact assessment (LIA) and landscape visual impact assessment (LVIA). The study was conducted in two stages, which made it possible to compare analyses prepared in Poland in 2004-2017 and 2018-2022. The conclusions of the review, supported by our scientific and practical experience, were the basis for developing a diagram for preparing landscape impact assessments. Considering the specificity of the given location and the type of the planned development, we recommend taking a reliable inventory and conducting a valuation of the landscape and creating alternatives of possible changes caused by anthropogenic interference and assess them in terms of landscape consistency.
Desenvolvimento de dentes decíduos artificiais para práticas laboratoriais em Odontopediatria
Authors: Lima Thalyta Gabrielle Vieira , Mata Paulo Santos da , Veloso Aline Helena , Lima Junior James Soares , Pego Marisa de Matos Ferraz , Braga Neilor Mateus Antunes , Oliveira Michelle Pimenta , Teixeira Stéphany Ketllin Mendes Oliveira
Published: December 2023

Na formação em Odontologia os acadêmicos realizam treinos pré-clínicos para aperfeiçoar suas técnicas. O objetivo deste estudo é relatar a experiência de produção de dentes decíduos artificiais por impressão tridimensional (3D), com baixo custo, para práticas laboratoriais acadêmicas em Odontopediatria. Partiu-se de uma pesquisa laboratorial e experimental, tendo sido realizada uma revisão bibliográfica para obtenção dos dados. A obtenção das imagens 3D se deu a partir da biblioteca gratuita de dentes permanentes Brenner e edição no programa Meshmixer para incorporação das características de dentes decíduos, seguida de impressão 3D utilizando estereolitografia. Posteriormente, foram preenchidos os condutos radiculares com cera 7 e poliacetato de vinila (PVA) vermelha. Foi realizada também a pintura do cemento e da coroa, com  tinta de esmalte marrom e branca, respectivamente. As duas resinas exibiram fidelidade anatômica externa, entretanto, para viabilidade do uso na Endodontia, foi analisada a anatomia interna, imagem radiográfica, tempo de impressão, custo de produção e custo/benefício. A combinação de resina Anycubic para a representação dos tecidos mineralizados com cera 7 para simulação da polpa possibilitou a adequada reprodução da anatomia interna de dentes decíduos.
Efektivitas Minyak Serai Sebagai Bioinsektisida Nyamuk
Authors: Sari Vebrita , Gafur Abdul , Sari Desi Ratna
Published: December 2023

The Universitas Pahlawan Tuanku Tambusai (UPTT) campus allows it to become a preferred habitat for mosquitoes while laying their eggs. Aedes sp. is a vector for the spread of Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF). One way to control dengue fever is to use insecticides. The use of insecticides that are excessive and repeated can have a negative impact, for that we take advantage of the potential of nature as a bioinsecticide. One of them is the lemongrass plant which can be used as a mosquito repellent because it contains substances such as geraniol, methyl heptenone, terpenes, terpenes, organic acids and especially citronella as a mosquito spray. This research is a quantitative research with a pure experimental design. Researchers made observations in the field to collect mosquito larvae, which were then reared in the laboratory. The results of rearing mosquitoes were then treated and analyzed using WHO mosquito mortality standard criteria. Lemongrass plants can be used as bioinsecticides or insect organic insecticides, for example the Aedes sp. Lemongrass plant extract (Cymbopogon citratus) is effective in killing Aedes sp. mosquito larvae. along with increasing concentration in each treatment. The most potent or effective concentration in killing Aedes sp. is a concentration of 20%.
FERROSILIC GLASS SAMPLES FROM VICINITY OF TALLINN
Authors:   Institute of Geology FIC KarRC, Russian Academy of Sciences, Belashev B. Z. , Modestov A. V. ,   Tallinn seaport, Florensky P. V. ,   Russian State University of  Oil and Gaz
Published: December 2023

Metal and glass samples found in 2019 in the vicinity of Tallinn are described. The structure, composition, and properties of the samples are analyzed. According to the structural and chemical characteristics, the samples belong to the same parent body, are different from representatives of the well-known groups of iron meteorites, man-made ferroalloys, industrial and natural glasses. The analogues of the material composition of the samples are protvanites. The possible cosmic origin of the samples are supported by surface regmaglypts, fullerenes, other phases of carbon and cogenite.
Fault Detection System of Photovoltaic Based on Artificial Neural Network
Authors: Salman Zamzeer Ali , Farhan Mansour S. , ALRikabi Haider TH.
Published: December 2023

Using PV systems, solar energy may be used to create electricity. Every year, the proportion of solar energy in the electric system increases significantly. On the other hand, photovoltaic cells are susceptible to malfunctions that diminish their efficiency and profitability. Due to the severity of the defects, fault detection and diagnosis (FDD) in the PV system have become difficult. Thus, the primary objective of the proposed study is to detect and diagnose particular types of PV system problems using an artificial neural network (ANN). This early operation is more effective for avoiding errors during PV installation and minimizing PV system power losses. A new solar cell model is created in the MATLAB/SIMULINK environment and is used to identify the fault dataset. The solar cell consists of three parallel strings and three series modules, with each module containing 20 series-connected photovoltaic cells. This model determines four parameters (V-load in Volts, I-load in Amps, Irradiance in W/m2, and Temperature in Celsius) under varying situations (five temperature values, three irradiance values, and three-time events), which are repeated for all faults evaluated. In the training and testing phases of the proposed ANN, these four parameters are utilized as effective features. Additionally, this network possesses eight outputs, one for each defect. Using implementations with three different numbers of hidden layers and an identical fault dataset, the performance of the proposed network is tested. The findings of the simulation indicate a considerable proportion of fault detection and diagnosis accuracy, ranging between 95% and 98%. The computed RMSE reveals that the training period yields 0.193% improvement, whereas the testing phase yields 0.365%.
Microbial Desalination cells for Water Desalination and Power Generation
Authors: Faduos Nahla Jassim , Jwaid Ali
Published: December 2023

There are several ways to improve the desalination process, one of which is to use various configurations and modify the MDCs' traditional design. This strategy improves a number of variables, including the desalination efficiency, the rate of current production, the rate of removal of COD, and the rate of removal of total dissolved solids (TDS) The purpose of this study is to test the concept that desalination and energy production, two activities that work in tandem during wastewater MDC operation, can enhance system performance overall and increase the system's suitability for large-scale applications. use three chambered microbial desalination cells fed with synthetic wastewater and inoculated with activated sludge and anaerobic aged sludge.MDC was able to eliminate more than 90% of the NaCl in a salt solution with an initial salt concentration of 10000mg TDS/L over the course of the 4-month procedure while also producing bioelectricity. Additionally, the desalinated water met the drinking water requirement in terms of TDS concentration, with a TDS concentration of 7.50 g TDS L/1 d/1 (volume of the salt solution). An utmost power density of 314.8 mW/m3 was generated by the MDC. The predicted results demonstrated acceptable agreement with experimental results with determination coefficients R2>90%.
Satisfaction and Loyalty of Consumers of Dried Mackerel (Scomberomorus commersoni) In Bengkulu City
Authors: Pakpahan Lestari , Cahyadinata Indra , Irnad Irnad
Published: December 2023

Dried mackerel fish is a type of processed mackerel fish. Even though mackerel is in dry form, many people consume it. To analyze the level of consumer satisfaction and consumer loyalty and analyze the factors that influence the level of satisfaction and loyalty of dried mackerel in the city of Bengkulu. CSI (Customer Satisfaction Index) analysis tool to analyze satisfaction levels, Loyalty Pyramid to analyze Loyalty levels and Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) to analyze the influence between variables. The results of the CSI calculation are 79.59%. Consumer loyalty for dried mackerel in Bengkulu City, with the highest score, lies in the Liking the Product category, with a value of 143%. These results indicate the level of consumer satisfaction for dried mackerel in Bengkulu City is included in the satisfaction criteria with CSI values ​​between 66% -80.99%. Loyalty levels produce an inverted pyramid shape. In the simultaneous test, the direct effect of the product quality, price and place variables significantly affect satisfaction. Still, the service quality variable does not affect satisfaction. In the simultaneous test, the direct effect of product and service quality variables significantly affects customer loyalty. In contrast, the price and place variables do not significantly affect customer loyalty. The results of the analysis of the indirect effect showed that the service quality variable has no significant effect on loyalty through satisfaction, and product quality, price and place variables have a significant effect on consumer loyalty Dried Mackerel through satisfaction. Dried Mackerel traders can maintain the taste of dried Mackerel through salting and drying processes using the PEHI LING drying concept (Practical Economical and Hygienic with an Environmental Insight).
Production of Red Chilli (Capsicum annum L.) Hybrid Seed, Curmiyeast Concentrate, and Compost Based on Dairy Farm Waste
Authors: Ganefianti Dwi Wahyuni , Sulistyowati Endang , Sudjatmiko Sigit
Published: December 2023

This experiment aimed to produce hybrid red chilli seeds, Curmiyeast- concentrate, and Bokashi compost based on a dairy farm. Red chilli G 3 and G 7 were used as parent stocks in preparing UNIB C H73 hybrid. The recommended time for crossing the red chilli was around 06.00- 10.30 in the morning. The ingredients of Curmiyeast- concentrate were rice brand, ground corn, soybean meal, palm oil, mineral mix, salt, and urea. At the same time, Curcuma xanthorrhiza and yeast were 2 and 1%, respectively, in a total of 100%.  Curmiyeast- concentrate in this modified formula contained 15.22% crude protein, with the price of Rp. 8,515/kg and MIOFC of Rp. 78,470/head/day or Rp. 9,019/l of milk produced.  Bokashi compost contained N, P, K, and C organic and a ratio of C/N (18.9) that fulfilled the standards of SNI 19-7030-2004.
Concentrate Substituted Cassava Top Fermented Cassava Pulp in Altered Levels on Growth Performance in Thai Native X Lowline Angus Crossbred Cattle
Authors: Morm Sophany , Net Savdy , Vong Sokchea , Yi Thearak , Khin Sophary , Moun Sovannara , Sat Chantha , Pech Sophana , Roeun Lymeng
Published: December 2023

The main objective is to investigate the effect of DCfCaP-substitute concentrate on growth performance and feed efficiency in Thai native x Lowline Angus crossbred cattle. The average initial body weight (IBW) was assigned 97±18.5 kg and 1-year age, 12 females of  Thai native x Lowline Angus crossbred cattle. Dietary treatments were designed in a completely randomized design (CRD) to receive three feeding treatments, four replications per treatment with one cow per replicate. The feeding treatments were administered as follows: T1=100% concentrate + 0% DCfCaP (control), T2=67% concentrate + 33% DCfCaP, and T3= 33% concentrate + 67% DCfCaP on dry matter basis (DM). The results indeed showed that the initial body weight (IBW) and final body weight (FBW) were non-significantly different (P>0.05). The average daily gain (ADG) in T1 and T2 was 0.53 kg/day and 0.48 kg/day, and representative superscripts were in the same row, but there were differences in T3 was  0.05 kg/day (P<0.001). T1 used feed intake higher than T2 and T3 (P=0.003). So far, the feed conversion ratio (FCR) in groups T1 and T2 were non-different except T3 (P<0.001). In conclusion, DCfCaP could substitute concentrate up to 33% in the diet without being effective in Thai native x Lowline Angus crossbred cattle. Therefore, DCfCaP is recommended because it is an alternative source of animal feed and could contribute to controlling environmental contamination. So DCfCaP is recommended to supply to cattle.
Sığır Besiciliğinde Performans ve Karkas Değerlerinin Meta Analizi ile İncelenmesi: Türkiye Örneği
Authors: Sarıözkan Savaş , Çelik Gürbulak Elif , Güngör Güven , Küçükoflaz Mehmet
Published: December 2023

Bu çalışmada Türkiye’de 2000-2021 yılları arasında sığır besiciliği üzerine yapılan çalışmaların performans ve karkas özellikleri yönünden meta analizi ile incelenerek farklı ırk, bölge, yıl, yaş ve besi süresi için ortak bir sonuca ulaşılması amaçlanmıştır. 2000-2021 yılları arasında yayımlanmış 39 sığır besi çalışmasından elde edilen 136 çalışma bulgusu meta analize dahil edilerek, besi başı canlı ağırlık
(BBCA), besi sonu canlı ağırlık (BSCA), günlük canlı ağırlık artışı (GCAA), yemden yararlanma oranı (YYO), sıcak karkas ağırlığı (SIKA), sıcak karkas randımanı (SIKAR), soğuk karkas ağırlığı (SOKA) ve soğuk karkas randımanı (SOKAR) değerlerinin ortalamaları hesaplandı. Toplam heterojenliğin hesaplanmasında Cochran’s Q istatistiği, çalışmalar arasındaki varyansın toplam varyansa oranının
hesaplanmasında I2 indisi ve çalışmalar arasındaki gerçek varyansın tahmininde ise τ2 (tau2) istatistiği kullanıldı. Çalışma bulgularına göre, en düşük BBCA, BSCA ve GCAA gibi göstergelerde en düşük değerlerin yerli ırklarda (DAK, Boz, Zavot, GAK) ve Doğu Anadolu Bölgesi’nde olduğu tespit edilmiştir. YYO yönünden en düşük ve en yüksek değere sahip alt gruplar sırasıyla; ırklara göre Simental (5.49 kg) ve Yerli ırklar (8.46 kg) (P
Strategi Peningkatan Profesionalitas Guru dalam Pembelajaran di Sekolah
Authors: Sintiya Dewi
Published: December 2023

Seorang guru adalah pendidik profesional yang memiliki tanggung jawab, fungsi, dan peran penting dalam mengembangkan kecerdasan suatu bangsa. Untuk dianggap sebagai pendidik profesional, mereka perlu memiliki keterampilan yang didasarkan pada konsep dan teori ilmu pengetahuan, dengan landasan filosofis, psikologis, dan sosiologis. Selain itu, guru juga harus memiliki kompetensi yang mencakup aspek profesional, pedagogik, sosial, dan kepribadian. Semua kompetensi tersebut, dalam praktiknya, membentuk kepribadian guru yang berperan dalam menentukan kualitas pembelajaran dan bimbingan bagi peserta didik (Gultom, 2020). Guru harus memenuhi berbagai persyaratan profesional, karena kualitas pendidikan sangat bergantung pada kemampuan guru tersebut. Hal ini dikarenakan hanya guru yang berkualitas yang dapat menjalankan tugasnya dengan baik, seperti mencerdaskan bangsa secara menyeluruh, mengembangkan pribadi manusia Indonesia, dan membentuk ilmuwan serta tenaga ahli. Guru yang berkualitas adalah mereka yang memiliki karakter dan keterampilan teknis keguruan (Ilyas, 2022).
Efektivitas Penerapan Program Pembelajaran Jarak Jauh pada Masa Kini Akibat Pengaruh Wabah COVID-19
Authors: Amanda Tri Putri
Published: December 2023

Transformasi pembelajaran dari tradisional ke digital, khususnya dalam konteks pembelajaran jarak jauh yang semakin meningkat, terutama karena dampak COVID-19. Perubahan ini menciptakan tantangan dan permasalahan dalam dunia pendidikan. Penekanan pada adaptasi metode dan strategi pembelajaran yang sesuai dengan potensi peserta didik menggunakan teknologi adalah kunci. Pembelajaran jarak jauh memberikan fleksibilitas dan akses tanpa batas, namun perlu dipertimbangkan efektivitasnya dengan memahami faktor-faktor teknologi, psikologis, sosial, dan struktural yang memengaruhi keberhasilan program tersebut. Keseluruhan, pemahaman menyeluruh terhadap faktor-faktor ini diperlukan untuk mengoptimalkan pembelajaran jarak jauh dan memastikan pengalaman belajar yang efektif bagi peserta didik.
EVALUASI POTENSI ENERGI ANGIN DAN PEMILIHAN LOKASI OPTIMAL UNTUK PEMASANGAN TURBIN ANGIN SKALA KECIL2
Authors: setiawan Hendra agus
Published: December 2023

Angin merupakan salah satu sumber energi terbarukan yang dapat dimanfaatkan menjadi energi mekanik atau listrik melalui suatu konversi yang dinamakan Sistem Konversi Energi Angin.Dalam beberapa tahun terakhir, ketertarikan terhadap energi terbarukan, termasuk energi angin, semakin meningkat. Pemanfaatan energi angin pada tingkat skala kecil, khususnya melalui turbin angin skala kecil, menjadi salah satu alternatif yang menarik untuk memenuhi kebutuhan energi masyarakat lokal.Salah satu pemanfaatan energi angin adalah penggunaan turbin angin yang banyak digunakan untuk kebutuhan pertanian dan budidaya tambak udang. Budidaya tambak udang memerlukan saluran irigasi yang dapat di alirkan dengan menggunakan pompa air. Kebutuhan akan energi untuk menggerakkan energi listrik.Oleh karena itu penelitian ini membahas tentang potensi angin untuk pemilihan lokasi rancang bangun turbin angin kapasitas kecil/micro yang bisa beroperasi pada kecepatan angin rendah dan dapat di set-up di atap rumah ataupun di daerah dekat pesisir. Penelitian ini difocuskan kepada pemilihan lokasi yang optimal yang memiliki potensi energi angin.
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Authors: Ghojogh Benyamin
Published: December 2023

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Resolution of the Dirac Equation in 5D-Anti-de Sitter Space
Authors: Rakotonirina Christian
Published: December 2023

This brief communication gives a detailed solving of the Dirac equation in 5D-Anti-de Sitter Space.
FootNet v1.0: Development of a machine learning emulator of atmospheric transport
Authors: He Tai-Long , Dadheech Nikhil , Thompson Tammy , Turner Alexander
Published: December 2023

There has been a proliferation of dense observing systems to monitor greenhouse gas (GHG) concentrations over the past decade. Estimating emissions with these observations is often done using an atmospheric transport model to characterize the source-receptor relationship, which is commonly termed measurement "footprint". Computing and storing footprints using full-physics models is becoming expensive due to the requirement of simulating atmospheric transport at high resolution. We present the development of FootNet, a deep learning emulator of footprints at kilometer scale. We train and evaluate the emulator using footprints simulated using a Lagrangian particle dispersion model (LPDM). FootNet predicts the magnitudes and extents of footprints in near-real-time with high fidelity. We identify the relative importance of input variables of FootNet to improve the interpretability of the model. Surface winds and a precomputed Gaussian plume from the receptor are identified to be the most important variables for footprint emulation. The FootNet emulator developed here may help address the computational bottleneck of flux inversions using dense observations.
Plio-Pleistocene evolution of westerly moisture transport into the northern tropical Andes
Authors: Fastovich David , Bhattacharya Tripti , Pérez-Ángel Lina , Burls Natalie , Feng Ran , Knapp Scott , Mayer Theodor
Published: December 2023

Westerly winds from the eastern equatorial Pacific direct moisture into the Western Cordillera of the northern tropical Andes, where subsequent orographic lifting creates the wettest regions in the world. The Choco low-level jet is emblematic of broader westerly winds in this region and is projected to weaken by the end of the 21st century, but climate models show considerable disagreement about the extent of weakening. Using contemporary observations, we demonstrate that the configuration of westerly winds in the eastern equatorial Pacific is reflected by hydrogen isotopes in precipitation (δDp ) in Ecuador. As westerly winds strengthen, δD p increases from greater transport of enriched δD vapor from the Eastern Pacific Warm Pool. We apply this framework to a new record of reconstructed δDp using leaf waxes in ocean sediments off the coast of Ecuador (ODP1239, 0 ◦ 40.32 0 S, 82 ◦ 4.86 0 W) that span the Plio-Pleistocene. Low δD p in the early Pliocene indicates weak westerly water vapor transport in a warmer climate state, which is attributed to a low sea surface temperature gradient between the cold tongue and off-equatorial regions in the eastern equatorial Pacific. Near the end-Pliocene (˜3 Ma), westerly water vapor transport weakens, possibly from shifts in the Intertropical Convergence Zone, forced by high latitude Northern Hemisphere cooling. In complementary isotope-enabled climate simulations, a weak Choco jet and westerly water vapor transport in the early Pliocene are matched by a decrease in δD p and hydroclimate changes in the northern tropical Andes. Precipitation from the Choco jet can cause deadly landslides and weakened westerly winds in the early Pliocene implies a southward shift of these hazards along the Pacific coast of the northern tropical Andes in the future.
Asymmetry in political polarization at multiple levels of bias
Authors: Kluge Annika , Adler Eli , Halperin Eran , Nir Lilach , Sams Mikko , Levy Jonathan
Published: December 2023

While some studies show ideological asymmetry in outgroup bias between rightists and leftists, those studies often target an ideologically biased outgroup. Here, we bypass this issue by targeting the ideological outgroups (rightists for leftists, and leftists for rightists). We rely on a magnetoencephalography-based approach delineating function-specific neural mechanisms to test for ideological asymmetries at multiple levels: explicit psychological self-reports, implicit behavioral bias, and neural oscillations. Using a computational model balancing the stimuli and screening eighty-one rightists and leftist Israeli individuals, we find ideological asymmetry with rightists being more biased at all three levels. Furthermore, the neural results add important insights by uncovering two underlying mechanisms: the first (late beta-band motor activity) strongly associated with implicit behavior, while the second (early alpha-band dorsal anterior cingulate activity) revealed an anti-leftist bias for both groups. We discuss implications of the findings on bias, ideological asymmetry, their neural underpinnings, and social norms.
The Basic Needs in Games (BANG) Model of Video Game Play and Mental Health
Authors: Ballou Nick , Deterding Sebastian
Published: December 2023

Existing theories of how game use relates to mental health have important limitations: few account for both quantity and quality of use, differentiate components of mental health (hedonic wellbe- ing, eudaimonic wellbeing, and illbeing), provide an explanation for both positive and negative outcomes, or readily explain the well-evidenced absence of playtime effects on mental health. Many also lack the specificity to be readily falsifiable. In response, we present the Basic Needs in Games (BANG) model. Grounded in self- determination theory, BANG proposes that mental health outcomes of game use are in large part mediated by the motivational quality of play and the extent to which play quantity and quality lead to need satisfaction or frustration. We show how BANG addresses the limitations of current theories and aligns with emerging evidence on the etiologies of disordered play. Thus, BANG advances HCI theory on the impact of games and other interactive technologies on mental health.
The Interplay of Family Socioeconomic Status, Parental Engagement, and Maternal Employment on Vocabulary Development in Korean Children
Authors: Jung Jongmin , Chai Jun Ho , Ko Eon-Suk
Published: December 2023

This study aimed to investigate the intricate relationship between socio-economic status (SES) and language development in Korean children under 3 years old. Specifically, it sought to understand how SES influences language development and explored the interconnections among SES, parent-child interactions (specifically through play and book reading), maternal employment, and children's vocabulary scores within the context of Korean parenting culture. Data were collected from 348 mothers of children aged 8–36 months (168 girls; mean age = 20 months 5 days, SD = 7 months and 7 days). Language development was assessed using the Korean version of the MacArthur-Bates Communication Development Index (K-CDI), and parental play frequency, duration, and book-reading frequency were obtained through a questionnaire. We used structural equation modeling to analyze the impact of SES on vocabulary outcomes, examining mediating connections with parental play and book-reading frequency, as well as children’s vocabulary skills. Additionally, we compared variables (SES, play and book-related factors, and K-CDI scores) between working mothers and stay-at-home mothers. The findings indicated that SES significantly predicted vocabulary size, but this influence was fully mediated by parental play frequency, play duration, and book-reading frequency. Interestingly, maternal work status showed no significant impact on children's vocabulary skills, and there were no differences in play frequency, play duration, or book reading frequency despite higher SES among working mothers. The mitigated role of maternal work status on children’s vocabulary skills, despite the differences in their SES, underscores the importance of parent-child interactions, particularly shared book reading, in vocabulary development when these interactions were considered.
Registered Report Evidence Suggests No Relationship Between Objectively-Tracked Video Game Playtime and Wellbeing Over 3 Months
Authors: Ballou Nick , Sewall Craig Jeffrey Robb , Ratcliffe Jack , Zendle David , Tokarchuk Laurissa , Deterding Sebastian
Published: December 2023

Recent years have seen intense research, media and policy debate on whether amount of time spent playing video games (“playtime”) affects players’ wellbeing. Existing research has used cross-sectional designs with easy-to-obtain but unreliable self-report measures of playtime, or, in rare instances, obtained industry data on objectively-tracked playtime but only for individual games, not a player’s total playtime across games. Further, researchers have raised concerns that publication bias and a lack of differentiation between exploratory and confirmatory research have undermined the credibility of the evidence base. As a result, we still do not know whether wellbeing affects playtime, playtime affects wellbeing, both, or neither. To track people’s playtime across multiple games, we developed a method to log playtime on the Xbox platform. In a 12-week, 6-wave panel study of adult US/UK Xbox-predominant players (414 players, 2036 completed surveys), we investigated within-person temporal relations between objectively-measured playtime and wellbeing. Across multiple preregistered model specifications, we found that the within-person prospective relationships between playtime and wellbeing, or vice versa, were not practically significant—even the largest associations were unlikely to register a perceptible impact on a player’s wellbeing. These results support the growing body of evidence that playtime is not the primary factor in the relationship between gaming and mental health for the majority of players, and that research focus should be on the context and quality of gameplay instead.
The Effect of Visual Speech Cues on Neural Tracking of Speech in 10-month-old Infants
Authors: Çetinçelik Melis , Jordan-Barros Antonia , Rowland Caroline F , Snijders Tineke M.
Published: December 2023

While infants’ sensitivity to visual speech cues and the benefit of these cues have been well-established by behavioural studies, there is little evidence on the effect of visual speech cues on infants’ neural processing of continuous auditory speech. In this study, we investigated whether visual speech cues, such as the movements of the lips, jaw, and larynx, facilitate infants’ neural speech tracking. Ten-month-old Dutch-learning infants watched videos of a speaker reciting passages in infant-directed speech while EEG was recorded. In the videos, either the full face of the speaker was displayed, or the speaker’s mouth and jaw were masked with a block, obstructing the visual speech cues. To assess neural tracking, speech-brain coherence (SBC) was calculated, focusing particularly at the stress and syllabic rates (1-1.75 and 2.5-3.5 Hz respectively in our stimuli). First, overall SBC was compared to surrogate data, and then differences in SBC in the two conditions were tested at the frequencies of interest. Our results indicated that infants show significant tracking at both stress and syllabic rates. However, no differences were identified between the two conditions, meaning that infants’ neural tracking was not modulated further by the presence of visual speech cues. Furthermore, we demonstrated that infants’ neural tracking of low-frequency information is related to their subsequent vocabulary development at 18 months. Overall, this study provides evidence that infants’ neural tracking of speech is not necessarily impaired when visual speech cues are not fully visible, and that neural tracking may be a potential mechanism in successful language acquisition.
Barriers and facilitators to engaging in parent-child activities with 1-to-3-year-olds: a mixed methods evaluation of a co-produced impact project
Authors: Gonzalez-Gomez Nayeli , Luthra Naveena Cara , Hewitt Elizabeth , Castro Inês , Hendry Alexandra
Published: December 2023

Parent-child activities provide children with opportunities to develop socio-emotional and cognitive skills. This project aimed to identify and directly address barriers to engagement in parent-child activities, amongst UK families from less-advantaged backgrounds. Through online workshops, 118 parents and 127 practitioners reported barriers to engaging in different activities. Content analysis indicated the most commonly-reported barriers were: practicalities (time, mess, damage); ideas, knowledge and expectations of play; and access to resources. Three activity packs to address these barriers were distributed to >1000 families. Interviews with 10 practitioners who distributed the packs, and feedback from 23 parents, indicated that providing simple, clearly-explained, play-based activity suggestions, along with the resources needed for the activities, positively impacted parents’ perceptions about play, built parental confidence in supporting their child’s learning and development, supported parent-child interaction, stimulated ideas, and overcame some practical barriers. Practitioners played an important mediating role by providing explanations, reassurance and encouragement to families.
Parenting leave policy data gaps: a comparative critical analysis
Authors: Dobrotic Ivana , Arnalds Ásdís Aðalbjörg , Dimitrova Elitsa , Son Keonhi , Engeman Cassandra , Valentova Marie , Mercan Murat A. , Ilieva Kalina , Makay Zsuzsanna , Reimer Thordis , Bartova Alzbeta , Aksoy Tolga
Published: December 2023

The COST Action „Parental Leave Policies & Social Sustainability” (CA21150) aims to advance and disseminate knowledge about the significance of paid parental leave policies (PPL) for sustainable societies. When assessing whether leave policies are moving towards the social sustainability goals of gender equality, reducing poverty, and increasing health and well-being, it is important to have available data that allows for analysis of inequalities in eligibility, take-up, and outcomes of PPL. Therefore, Working Group 5 (WG5) of CA21150 critically assessed (1) existing comparative surveys, (2) publicly available comparative leave policy indicators databases, and (3) the availability of administrative data at the national level and examples of existing national surveys on PPL use. The aim is to identify PPL data gaps and facilitate thinking about solutions to overcome these gaps and develop recommendations for advancing the data. This report presents the findings of the critical assessment of data availability.
Racist and Pro-Violence Beliefs, Approval of Extreme Right-Wing Political Organizations and Movements, and Support for Political Violence in the United States
Authors: Wintemute Garen J. , Velasquez Bradley , Li Yueju , Tomsich Elizabeth A. , Reeping Paul M , Robinson Sonia
Published: December 2023

Objective: To determine the extent to which endorsement of racist beliefs, support for violence to effect social change, and approval of extreme right-wing political organizations and movements are associated with support for and willingness to engage in political violence in the United States.Methods: Nationally representative survey of members of the Ipsos KnowledgePanel conducted May-June 2022. Primary comparisons were between respondents who strongly agreed and those who did not agree with 5 statements of racist beliefs and 3 statements concerning violence and social change, and between respondents who strongly approved and those who did not approve of 8 named organizations and movements. Principal outcomes were measures of support for and willingness to engage in political violence, expressed as weighted percentages with 95% confidence intervals (CIs).Results: The completion rate was 55.8%; there were 8,620 respondents. Half of the respondents (50.5%, 95% CI 49.3%, 51.7%) were female, and 62.6% (95% CI 61.4%, 63.9%) were white, non-Hispanic; the weighted mean (SD) age was 48.4 (18.0) years. Respondents in the 3 strong agreement/strong approval groups were much more likely than those who did not agree/approve to consider violence usually or always justified to advance at least 1 of 17 specific political objectives; margins ranged from 29.5 percentage points (strong agreement vs non-agreement with racist beliefs) to 63.2 percentage points (strong approval vs non-approval of extreme right-wing political organizations and movements). Nearly 10% of respondents who strongly agreed with statements on violence to effect social change (9.1%, 95% CI, 6.7%, 11,5%), and nearly 30% of those who strongly approved of the named organizations and movements (29.1%, 95% CI, 18.4%, 39.8%) reported that they would be very or completely willing to kill someone in a situation where they considered political violence to be justified. Conclusions: Endorsement of racist beliefs, support for violence to effect social change, and approval of extreme right-wing political organizations and movements are associated with support for political violence, and the latter two are associated with willingness to engage in political violence—including lethal violence. Such information can deepen our understanding of individual- and group-level risks for political violence and guide prevention measures.
Trust and calculation in international negotiations: How trust was lost after Brexit
Authors: Wille Tobias , Martill Benjamin
Published: December 2023

How does a loss of trust affect international negotiations? We know that trust enables cooperation and comes with the risk of betrayal. Yet the effects of lost trust are not well understood, with most research in International Relations (IR) focusing on how trust is initially built in adversarial relations. In this article, we conceptualize trust as the eclipsing of possible futures in which others do not behave cooperatively. When trust is lost, actors include further possibilities of non-cooperative behavior in their calculations and adjust their negotiating demands accordingly. We use this framework to explain the European Commission's response to Boris Johnson's government breaking its trust during the Brexit negotiations by deviating from the Political Declaration, introducing the Internal Market Bill, and not conducting border checks in the Irish Sea. Drawing on elite interviews, we trace how the Commission altered its expectations and consequently sought negotiated outcomes with tighter contracting, reduced discretion and retaliatory mechanisms. Analysing the interplay of trust and calculation on a granular level, we show that breaches of trust do not preclude future cooperation per se, but shape its form and extent in important ways.
The imperatives of marriage, motherhood and employment: Evidence from a Life History Calendar
Authors: Lahoti Rahul , Abraham Rosa , Swaminathan Hema
Published: December 2023

Marriage and motherhood are almost universal and among the most critical events in a women’s life in developing countries. The impact of childbirth on labour market participation of women has been discussed extensively in the context of developed countries, but impact of marriage and in a developing country context are limited due to lack of longitudinal data. In this paper, using a Life History Calendar approach, we collect retrospective information on major events (marriage, childbirth, labour market transitions) and the concurrent employment status of men and women over their adult lives. Using an event study model, we estimate the impact of marriage and first childbirth on women’s labour market participation. Our main findings are twofold. First, there is a sharp and sustained jump in women’s labor supply after marriage. Second, women do not experience any penalty in their labour market participation after childbirth. These findings are robust to inclusion of additional controls and various other robustness tests. We find that the increase in women’s labor supply post marriage is driven by agricultural informal work. It is concentrated among women who get married at younger ages, are less educated and belong to poorer house holds. Our results might seem surprising and counter‐intuitive at first, but the Indian context helps understand them better. The predominantly informal nature of the Indian economy implies there is ease of entry into (and exit from) employment. This allows for women to enter or remain in workforce on marriage and childbirth. In addition, the norms surrounding mobility and employment are more conservative for unmarried women compared to married women making outside employment more acceptable for the latter. Early age of marriage (half before 18) and the need to earn to support marital family may also explain our findings. Our work underscores the importance of context when considering women’s work. Household responsibilities after marriage and childbirth may not be binding constraints as is often believed, especially in the context of low income,