bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PROCESS OF CARBONYL IRON ABSORPTION FROM THE RAT DUODENAL MUCOSA
Authors: Nakamura Takashi , Mori Masaharu , Awai Michiyasu
Published: December 2008

The process of carbonyl iron absorption from rat duodenal mucosa was investigated histologically with Perls' iron staining and immunostaining for ferritin and transferrin. The change in iron and ferritin distribution in the liver after oral administration of carbonyl iron was also studied. After oral administration of carbonyl iron (100 mg iron/kg body weight), stainable iron appeared not only in the duodenal lumina but also in the epithelial cell cytoplasm, intercellular spaces of epithelial cells and subepithelial stroma. Some of the stainable iron in the epithelial and their intercellular spaces was in the form of fine granules smaller than carbonyl iron particles. Mucosal ferritin increased after administration of carbonyl iron but its distribution was different from that of stainable iron. The amount and the distribution of transferrin in the duodenal mucosa were not changed after carbonyl iron administration. These observations suggested that some carbonyl iron was absorbed without the participation of ferritin and transferrin. In the liver, fine granular stainable iron appeared in the peripheral zones of the hepatic lobules around the portal vein, and liver ferritin increased after oral administration of carbonyl iron. Increased liver ferritin was detected in some of the perisinusoidal cytoplasm of hepatocytes. ACTA PATHOL JPN 38: 1377–1390. 1988.
INTENSIFIED IgA MESANGIAL DEPOSITS AFTER ADMINISTRATION OF SHEEP ANTI‐TYPE IV COLLAGEN SERUM IN MICE
Authors: Masuda Yukinari , Sano Junjiro , Ishizaki Masamichi , Masugi Yozo
Published: December 2008

Sheep anti‐type IV collagen serum was intravenously administered to male mice of the BALB/c, C3H and ddY strains, and their kidneys were morphologically studied monthly for 10 months thereafter. By immunofluorescence, the sheep IgG was seen to have immediately become conjugated to the glomeruli, mainly in a mesangial pattern. Successively, autologous mouse C3 and IgG appeared with the same type of distribution. Within 3 to 4 months after the start of the experiment, mouse IgA also appeared in the mesangium, especially in ddY mice. The intensity and frequency of mesangial IgA deposition and the serum IgA level increased with time in this strain. BALB/c and C3H mice also showed the same tendency of mesangial IgA deposition, although to a lesser degree. In summary, it was concluded that mesangial IgA deposition was due to non‐immunological local trapping, on the basis of the results obtained by ELISA analysis of the sera and renal eluate. Although the ddY mouse is known to show spontaneous mesangial IgA deposition associated with a high serum IgA level with aging, these characteristics were much accelerated and intensified by this antiserum treatment. The relation of this observation to the pathogenesis of human IgA nephritis is discussed. ACTA PATHOL JPN 38: 141–152, 1988.
ADRENAL CORTICAL CARCINOMA: A clinicopathological and Immunohistochemical Study of 91 Autopsy Cases
Authors: Nakano Masato
Published: December 2008

The clinicopathological and immunohistochemical features of 91 patients with adrenal cortical carcinoma (ACC) are presented. This series included 52 men and 39 women with a mean age of 45.7 years. According to the extent of cellular pleomorphism, it was possible to define ACC as Grade 1, 2 or 3. There was a correlation between the grading and mitotic activity (P<0.05). Median survival of patients with G2 or G3 tumors was only 4.3 months, while that of patients with G1 tumors was 24.3 months (P<0.05). The histological grading of ACC was thus shown to be an important prognostic factor. In most cases of ACC, silver impregnation demonstrated zona fasciculata‐like structures. Immunohistochemically, vimentin‐positive tumor cells could be detected in 41 of 56 cases (73.2%) of ACC, while only 6 of 43 cases (14.0%) of adrenal cortical adenoma showed scattered vimentin‐positive cells (p<0.01). Considering the fact that the adrenal cortex is of mesodermal origin, this finding may suggest dedifferentiation of the tumor to fetal tissue. Twenty‐four of 62 cases of ACC showed cytokeratin‐positive cells. Vimentin and silver staining are useful for the diagnostic differentiation of ACC from other carcinomas. In the present study, there was no histologic differentiation between clinically functional and nonfunctional ACC. ACTA PATHOL JPN 38: 163–180, 1988.
CONGENITAL ALVEOLAR RHABDOMYOSARCOMA WITH MULTIPLE SKIN METASTASES: Report of a Case
Authors: Hayashi Kazuhiko , Ohtsuki Yuji , Takahashi Kiyoshi , Sonobe Hiroshi , Nakamura Shin‐ichi , Kitagawa Nobuko , Arata Jiro , Shimanouchi Yasuhiro , Kurashige Takanobu
Published: December 2008

A rare case of congenital alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma revealing multiple skin metastases in a female neonate is reported. At birth, a ping‐pong ball‐sized tumor on the neck and a tumor the size of a little finger end on the chin were noticed. Then, multiple skin tumors over the whole body occurred soon after birth. A biopsied small skin tumor was at first interpreted as being compatible with metastatic congenital neuroblastoma. However, immunohisto‐chemical and electron microscopic findings revealed positive immunoreactivity for myoglobin in a few tumor cells and the presence of a few rhabdomyoblasts among poorly differentiated tumor cells, resulting in a final diagnosis of alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma. Therefore, it should be emphasized that in cases of round cell tumor, immunohistochemical and ultrastructural studies are imperative in order to identify the tumor and differentiate it from other forms, including rhabdomyoblastoma, neuroblastoma, Ewing's sarcoma, malignant lymphoma, and small cell carcinoma. ACTA PATHOL JPN 38: 241–248, 1988.
AN AUTOPSY CASE OF PRIMARY SCLEROSING CHOLANGITIS WITH SEQUENTIAL HISTOLOGIC OBSERVATIONS OF THE LIVER
Authors: Nakanuma Yasuni , Kato Yasuhiro , Unoura Masashi , Kobayashi Kenichi , Yamamoto Makoto
Published: December 2008

A rare autopsy case of primary sclerosing cholangitis with sequential histologic observations of the liver is described. The patient, a 62‐year‐old female at the time of autopsy, presented with prolonged cholestasis of about 9 years duration. Initial (at 53 years) and second (at 59 years) liver biopsies disclosed fibrous enlargement of the portal tracts with loss of interlobular bile ducts, lympho‐plasmacytic infiltration, a few epithelioid granulomas, piecemeal necrosis, atypical ductular proliferation and deposition of copper granules. Hypergam‐maglobulinemis with elevated IgM was also noted. These clinicopathological features resembled primary biliary cirrhosis. However, no florid duct lesions were found, and absence of antimitochondrial antibodies and cholangiographic demonstration of a beaded biliary tree favored a diagnosis of primary sclerosing cholangitis. The autopsied liver disclosed sclerosis and cholangioectases of the intra‐ and extrahepatic biliary tree in addition to biliary cirrhosis. The histology of the biliary tree disclosed nonspecific fibrosing inflammation in the extra‐ and intrahepatic biliary tree. Other autopsy findings included chronic thyroiditis, sialoadenitis and pancreatitis. ACTA PATHOL JPN 38: 249–257, 1988.
NEUROFIBROMA OF THE GALLBLADDER SEEN AS A PAPILLARY POLYP
Authors: Morizumi Hiroshi , Sano Toshiaki , Hirose Takanori , Hizawa Kazuo
Published: December 2008

A case of neurofibroma of the gallbladder in a 44‐year‐old woman without von Recklinghausen neurofibromatosis but with right hypochondralgia is reported. The tumor was seen preoperatively as a polypoid lesion and in the resected gallbladder as a papillary polypoid growth over the main intramural tumor mass. Microscopically, the tumor was identified as a neurofibroma with many tactile corpuscle‐like structures (Wagner‐Meissner bodies), which were found by electron microscopic and immunohistochemical examination to consist of Schwann cells. Twelve cases of non‐epithelial neoplasms arising in the gallbladder are also reviewed. ACTA PATHOL JPN 38: 259–268, 1988.
PLASMA CELL DYSCRASIA WITH POLYNEUROPATHY, ORGANOMEGALY, ENDOCRINOPATHY, M PROTEIN, and SKIN CHANGES: THE POEMS SYNDROME, ASSOCIATED WITH PRECEDING POLYCYTHEMIA VERA. A Case Report and Review of the Literature
Authors: Tsujimura Takahiro , Kishino Bun‐ichiro , Itatani Hiroaki , Aozasa Katsuyuki , Matsumoto Keishi
Published: December 2008

A case of plasma cell dyscrasia with polyneuropathy and endocrine disorder is reported. Clinically, polycythemia vera, gynecomastia, pigmentation of the skin, hepatosplenomegaly, renal enlargement and severe polyneuropathy in the lower extremities were recognized. The peculiarity of this case was polycythemia vera that had been present for several years before manifestation of the clinical symptoms. Microscopically, retroperitoneal lymph nodes showed angio‐follicular lymphoid hyperplasia and plasma cell infiltration in the inter‐follicular region. By means of the avidin‐biotin‐peroxidase complex method, plasma cells were positive for A light chain, IgA and IgG. Severe segmental demyelination and slight axonal atrophy were found in a sural nerve biopsy.
BOVINE SERUM ALBUMIN (BSA) NEPHRITIS IN RATS VII. In vivo Kinetics of Polymorphonuclear Leukocytes
Authors: Miyazaki Shigeru
Published: December 2008

In vivo quantitation of polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) was carried out and their accumulation kinetics were determined by adoptive transfer of 51Cr‐PMN in control rats, nephritic but non‐proteinuric rats and nephritic rats with heavy proteinuria. Nephritis was induced by daily administration of antigen to preimmunized rats for 4 weeks. Renal accumulation of 51Cr‐PMN was maximal at 3 h after the adoptive transfer in diseased rats, to which the last antigen administration was given 24 h prior to the kinetic study. Histologically, however, a considerable number of PMN had infiltrated into the glomeruli of these rats at any given time during the 24‐h period, i.e., the time interval between antigen challenges. Two pieces of evidence strongly suggest that circulating PMN adhere to glomeruli, stay there for a short time and then become dispersed again into the circulation. When antigen was administered after 51Cr‐PMN transfer, the PMN disappeared promptly from the circulation and accumulated in the lungs and liver, resulting in a lack of any peak in the kidney PMN kinetics. It is concluded that the presence of an appreciable number of PMN in the glomeruli reflected the dynamic balance of cell influx and efflux. ACTA PATHOL JPN 38 : 1513‐1521, 1988.
ENCEPHALOMYELONEURITIS WITH MEDIASTINAL GERM CELL TUMOR A Paraneoplastic Condition ?
Authors: Kawaguchi Kenji , Kishida Shuji , Okeda Riki , Funata Nobuaki , Koike Morio
Published: December 2008

An unusual case of encephalomyeloneuritis associated with germ cell tumor with mature and immature teratoma arising in the mediastinum is presented. There was an unusually long interval from the onset of neurologic symptoms to the development of malignancy. The histopathology, characterized by limbic encephalitis, brain stem encephalitis, cortical cerebellar degeneration and myeloneuritis, was similar to that of paraneoplastic encephalomyeloneuritis previously described in the literature. Virological and immunological studies failed to demonstrate any causative agents or autoantibodies reacting with brain tissue. The causal relationship between the malignant neoplasm and encephalomyeloneuritis thus seems to be very complex.
HEREDITARY HEMORRHAGIC TELANGIECTASIA WITH MALIGNANT LYMPHOMA An Autopsy Case
Authors: Kato Shinsuke , Ichihara Keiichi
Published: December 2008

A 60‐year‐old Japanese woman was diagnosed at autopsy as having had hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT) associated with systemic hemangiomas. In her repoduction period, premenstrual epistaxis frequently occurred. At the age of 60, the patient died of malignant lymphoma. At autopsy, multiple telangiectatic spots were noted on the face, limbs and trunk. The paraaortic lymph nodes, which were enlarged and irregularly conglomerated, were histologically diagnosed as malignant lymphoma of the diffuse large cell type. Submucosal telangiectatic lesions were found in the gastrointestinal system from the oral cavity to the rectum. Cavernous hemangiomas were present in various visceral organs including the liver, spleen, small and large intestines, rectum, appendix, uterus, and jejunal and colonic mesenteries. There was an arteriovenous fistula in the left lung. Examination of her family pedigree showed that the patient had an autosomal dominant trait of inheritance. The pathogenesis of the systemic visceral hemangiomas observed in this patient was considered to be similar to that of hamartoma.
CONDYLOMA ACUMINATUM OF THE BLADDER IN TWO AUTOPSY CASES
Authors: Shirai Tomoyuki , Yamamoto Kazuhide , Adachi Takashi , Imaida Katsumi , Masui Tsuneo , Ito Nobuyuki
Published: December 2008

Condyloma acuminatum is a very rare lesion occurring in the bladder. We report two cases of condyloma acuminatum of the bladder found at autopsy, one in a 96‐year‐old woman and the other in an 80‐year‐old man. Both had papillary or polypoid tumorous lesions in the trigone and neck of the bladder. The lesions were composed of nodular or papillary growths of squamous epithelium. The epithelium exhibited koilocytosis and the nuclei showed immunohistochemical staining for human papillomavirus antigen.
IMMUNOHISTOCHEMICAL LOCALIZATION OF KERATIN, VIMENTIN AND MYOSIN IN SALIVARY GLAND TUMORS
Authors: Matsushima Rintaro , Nakayama Iwao , Shimizu Masatsugu
Published: December 2008

An immunohistochemical study on keratin, vimentin, and myosin was performed in 117 specimens of human salivary gland under normal and several neoplastic conditions. In normal glands, positive immunostaining for keratin was observed in the inner cells of all ductal systems, whereas myosin and vimentin were the cytoskeletal components of myoepithelial cells. In pleomorphic adenoma, the inner cells showing a tubular pattern demonstrated positive immunostaining for keratin, and the outer cells as well as the neoplastic cells with a solid and myxoid pattern exhibited positive immunostaining for all antibodies. Monomorphic tubular and trabecular adenoma, and adenolymphoma showed positive immunostaining for keratin, although one case of tubular adenoma exhibited positive immunostaining for all antibodies. Squamous cell carcinoma, adenosquamous carcinoma, and mucoepidermoid tumor showed positive immunostaining only for keratin, but one case of adenocarcinoma, two cases of adenoid cystic carcinoma, and clear cell tumor disclosed positive immunostaining for keratin and vimentin.
IMMUNOHISTOCHEMISTRY OF DESMIN AND VIMENTIN IN SMOOTH MUSCLE TUMORS OF THE DIGESTIVE TRACT
Authors: Tsutsumi Yutaka , Kubo Hirotsugu
Published: December 2008

The expression of desmin and vimentin in 35 “smooth muscle tumors” of the digestive tract was investigated using formalin‐fixed and paraffin‐embedded materials and the indirect immunoperoxidase method. Fourteen of 15 esophageal tumors and two of 15 gastric tumors were categorized as benign leiomyoma with low cellularity, and immunohistochemically were desmin‐positive and vimentin‐negative as were normal muscle layers of the digestive tract. The remaining tumors showed moderate to high cellularity: Six tumors seemed to be malignant on the basis of frequent mitosis and/or nuclear atypia, while 11 were considered to be of borderline malignancy. This cellular tumor group exhibited consistent vimentin immunoreactivity, but desmin was negative or only weakly and/or focally positive. S‐100 protein was fundamentally negative in these tumors. The pitfalls of studying desmin immunohistochemistry as a routine diagnostic tool in surgical pathology are discussed.
PROTRUDED VARIANTS IN SOLITARY ULCER SYNDROME OF THE RECTUM
Authors: Yamagiwa Hiroshi
Published: December 2008

A review of 21 patients with protruded lesions in solitary ulcer syndrome of the rectum confirmed by resection is presented. Symptoms were usually the passage of blood and mucus per rectum, alteration of bowel habit, anorectal pain and rectal prolapse. Solitary or multiple polypoid lesions were found within 15 cm of the anal margin and were usually sited anteriorly. Fifteen of the patients were men and 8 were women with a mean age of 37.1 years. The diagnosis was made on the basis of histopathology; 1) fibrous obliteration of muscle fibers, 2) reactive hyperplasia of the mucous membrane with villous configuration or mild pseudoinvasion. These changes have been observed in complete rectal prolapse, colonic intussuception, and localized colitis cystica profunda, suggesting a common pathogenesis. The histological findings were almost the same as in the ulcerative lesions of this syndrome except for remarkable regenerative hyperplastic changes such as a relatively high incidence of mucous cell proliferation, dilatation of glands and serrate change in the cases showing protrusion. In the pathogenesis, the occult mucosal prolapse in association with excessive straining may be of particular importance, so that the lesions might be termed mucosal prolapse syndrome of the rectum.
AN AUTOPSY CASE OF DIFFUSE MYELOMATOSIS ASSOCIATED WITH SYSTEMIC KAPPA LIGHT CHAIN DEPOSITION DISEASE (LCDD) A Patho‐anatomical, Immunohistochemical and Immunobiochemical Study
Authors: Toyoda Mitsuyasu , Kajita Akira , Kita Shigeo , Osamura Yoshiyuki , Shinoda Tomotaka
Published: December 2008

A case of systemic light chain deposition disease in a 48‐year‐old man is presented. Clinically, the patient showed the signs of multiple organ (liver, heart and kidney) failure, but multiple myeloma was not diagnosed. Autopsy revealed generalized deposition of hyaline, a Congo red‐negative substance, especially in the arterial walls of various organs. In the bone marrow, myelomatous proliferations of plasma cells positive for kappa light chain were recognized. The deposited substance was ultrastructurally different from amyloid fibrils, and was identified as kappa light chain by immunohistochemistry. A liver tissue extract was immunobiochemically examined and the deposited substance was confirmed to consist of kappa light chain, its molecular weight being approximately 14,000 to 17,000 Da.
CHORIOCARCINOMA OF THE ESOPHAGUS PRODUCING CHORIONIC GONADOTROPIN
Authors: Kikuchi Yuko , Tsuneta Yasuhiro , Kawai Terukuni , Aizawa Miki
Published: December 2008

An autopsy case of primary esophageal choriocarcinoma in a 42‐year‐old Japanese male Is reported. The tumor was pure choriocarcinoma typical hemorrhagic and necrotic nature occupying almost the entire circumference of the mid‐esophagus. The choriocarcinoma had metastasized to the liver, lung and lymph nodes. In the esophageal tumor, immunohistochemical staining showed the presence of mainly human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG), with human placental lactogen (HPL) in a few syncytiotrophoblastic cells. Only 3 cases of extragonadal choriocarcinoma originating in the esophagus have been reported up to now. The possible pathogenesis and pathological characteristics of primary esophageal choriocarcinoma are discussed.
HETEROTRANSPLANTATION OF AN ALPHA‐FETOPROTEIN‐PRODUCING HUMAN GALLBLADDER CARCINOMA INTO NUDE MICE
Authors: Maruiwa Masafumi , Yano Hirohisa , Kataoka Akio , Murakami Tatsuo , Fukuda Kazunori , Sugihara Shigetaka , Kojiro Masamichi
Published: December 2008

An alpha‐fetoprotein (AFP)‐producing human gallbladder carcinoma showing direct invasion into the liver was transplanted into BALB/c‐nu/nu nude mice. Although patient serum levels of AFP and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) were within normal limits, they were elevated to 1,040 ng/ml and 22.1 ng/ml, respectively, after cholecystectomy. Prominent liver metastasis was demonstrated by diagnostic imaging techniques shortly after the operation. Pathologically, the resected tumor consisted of papillotubular adenocarcinoma and the part which had Invaded the liver showed a solid growth pattern with no papillo‐tubular structure. The transplanted tumor showed both papillo‐tubular and solid growth patterns, in which positive reactions for AFP, CEA, ferritin (FER), carbohydrate antigen 19‐9 (CA 19‐9), albumin (ALB) and fibrinogen (FIB) were confirmed by the avidin‐biotin‐peroxidase complex method. Serum levels of AFP, CEA, CA 19‐9, β2‐microglobulin (BMG) and FER were elevated in the nude mice bearing tumor transplants. Twenty‐five percent of the serum AFP from nude mice with tumor transplants bound with concanavalin A (Con A), suggesting that the tumor was of gastrointestinal rather than hepatic origin.
BRONCHIAL CARCINOID TUMOR MIMICKING ACINIC CELL TUMOR
Authors: Miura Kazunori , Morinaga Shojiroh , Horiuchi Masahiko , Shimosato Yukio , Tsuchiya Ryosuke
Published: December 2008

A rare case of carcinoid tumor mimicking an acinic cell tumor is presented. A bicameral tumor measuring 8 × 6 mm in size was recognized in the right lung (B5bi) upon gross examination. Microscopically, the tumor consisted of basophilic polygonal cells forming an acinar pattern. Ultrastructurally, the majority of tumor cells had large membrane‐bound cytoplasmic granules, measuring about 600 nm in diameter, which were similar to secretary granules of serous acinar cells (zymogen granules). These findings suggested that the tumor might be an acinic cell tumor originating from the bronchial gland. However, tumor cells were shown to be negative for periodic and Schiff (PAS) stain or lactoferrin, lysozyme and amylase immunohistochemicaly. On the other hand, they were shown to be argyrophilic by Grimelius stain and showed immunohistochemically positive reaction for serotonin, suggesting that the granules were neurosecretory granules and not zymogen granules. Based on these findings, we concluded that this tumor was an unusal variant of carcinoid tumor mimicking acinic cell tumor. Although carcinoid tumor has a wide histological spectrum, there has been no reported case, to our knowledge, of acinic cell tumor‐like carcinoid tumor.
MORPHOLOGICAL DIFFERENCES IN HEARTS OF RATS WELL ADAPTED AND POORLY ADAPTED TO CHRONIC HYPOXIA
Authors: Ogata Minora , Shigematsu Hidekazu , Sakai Akio , Yanagidaira Yasunori , Ueda Gou , Kobayashi Toshio
Published: December 2008

We carried out an experiment to analyze morphological differences in hearts of rats well adapted and poorly adapted to chronic hypoxia. Male and female Wistar rats, 1 week, 4 weeks and 9 weeks old, were employed on the assumption that adaptive ability was dependent on age and sex. These rats were raised at an altitude of 2,400 m and were kept for 7 to 9 weeks. Control groups were maintained at an altitude of 600 m during the same period of time. Each group consisted of 4 to 6 rats. At the end of the experiment, body weight, heart weight, ratio of heart weight to body weight and hematocrit were measured, and ventricular wall thickness, myocardial fiber diameter, capillary supply and mitochondria were morphometrically studied. Of the 6 experimental groups, the 4‐week‐old male rats (M2) had the highest body weight, as compared with the other experimental groups. In addition, relative to these other experimental groups, the following features were found for M2. Heart weight was intermediate, heart weight/body weight ratio was low and hematocrit was also low. Ventricular wall thickness was intermediate in the right ventricle (RV) and interventricular septum (IVS) but was thin in the left ventricle (LV). Myocardial fiber diameter was intermediate in the RV, large in the IVS and small in the LV. Capillary supply was intermediate in the RV and dense in the IVS and LV. Mitochondria were small but cristal density and percentage area, estimated from electron micrographs, were found to be high. These data showed that in well developed rats under chronic hypoxia, there is good development of capillary supply with corresponding restriction of cardiac hypertrophy, while hematocrit count and mitochondria are also affected.
PRODUCTION OF β‐HUMAN CHORIONIC GONADOTROPIN BY GERM CELL TUMORS IN VIVO AND IN VITRO
Authors: Motoyama Teiichi , Watanabe Hidenobu , Yamamoto Takahiko , Sekiguchi Morimasa
Published: December 2008

Production of the β‐subunit of human chorionic gonadotropin (β‐hCG) by human germ cell tumors was studied in surgical specimens, cultured cells and xenografted tumors. β‐hCG was identified most frequently in the syncytiotro‐phoblastlc and intermediate trophoblastic components of choriocarcinoma, and it was also detected in syncytiotrophoblastic giant cells, occasionally in association with embryonal carcinoma, and less frequently with yolk sac tumor, seminoma and dysgerminoma. Our experimental data suggest that β‐hCG production by syncytiotrophoblastic giant cells in association with embryonal carcinoma is a result of trophoblastic differentiation of embryonal carcinoma. Moreover, it was proved that the production of β‐hCG by human embryonal carcinomas is regulated by more factors than is the case for human choriocarcinomas.
SO‐CALLED SCLEROSING HEMANGIOMA OF THE LUNG
Authors: Fukayama Masashi , Koike Morio
Published: December 2008

Sclerosing hemangioma of the lung (SHL) was investigated immunohistochemlcally, histochemically and ultrastructurally with reference to cellular components associated with the histologic pattern: cuboidal cells in the papillary type, round cells in the solid type, flat cells in the hemorrhagic type and stromal cells in the sclerotic type. immunohistochemically, cuboidal cells were positive for CEA, cytokeratin and EMA, whereas other cells were positive for EMA and vimentin. immunoreactive factor‐VIII‐related antigen was confined to endothelial cells. Histochemically, cuboidal cells displayed alkaline phosphatase activity, but round cells showed ATPase activity. However, in spite of these different histochemical and immunohistochemical properties, morphological continuity was clearly revealed in immunostained sections; direct connection of spaces lined by cuboidal and fiat cells, direct contact between cuboidal and stromal cells, and EMA expression of round cells associated with luminal structures were evident Ultrastructurally, cuboidal cells were like alveolar cells. Flat and stromal cells showed microvillous protrusions and a discontinuous basement membrane, but some cells contained lamellar bodies. Solid cellular sheets consisted of various cells intermediate between cuboidal and flat or stromal cells. Direct apposition among these cells was evident This morphological continuum confirms that each of these cell types are components of SHL as a whole. SHL may thus be merely sclerotic hemorrhagic alveolar cell tumor.
MULTIPLE NONFUNCTIONAL PANCREATIC ISLET CELL TUMOR IN MULTIPLE ENDOCRINE NEOPLASIA TYPE I
Authors: Takahashi Hitoshi , Nakano Kazuro , Adachi Yukihiko , Aoki Norihiko , Hajiro Kiyoshi , Yamamoto Toshio , Higashizawa Tomoteru , Chikugo Takaaki , Suzuki Tsuneyuki
Published: December 2008

A case of multiple nonfunctional pancreatic islet cell tumor in multiple endocrine neoplasia type I (MEN I) is reported. The patient was a 41‐year‐old woman who had a past history of thyroid cancer (papillary carcinoma) and hyperparathyroidism due to parathyroid adenoma. Later, a nonfunctional pituitary tumor and Ave nonfunctional pancreatic tumors were found simultaneously and the patient was finally diagnosed as having MEN I. Following surgical enucleation, the pancreatic tumors were histopathologlcally diagnosed as benign islet cell tumors. One of them (tumor 3) exhibited a solid nodular pattern while the others showed gyriform patterns. They were divided histochemlcally and immunohistochemically into three types: two (tumors 1 and 2) produced a single hormone (glucagon), one (tumor 3) produced five (Insulin, glucagon, somatostatin, gastrin and pancreatic polypeptide) and the remaining two (tumors 4 and 5) produced two (glucagon and pancreatic polypeptide). Electron microscopically, three types of endosecretory granules were found in the tumor cells of tumor 3 but only one type was found in tumor 4. However, in the tumor 4 extract, glucagon, pancreatic polypeptide, C‐peptlde, somatostatin, vasoactive intestinal peptide and growth hormone releasing factor were detected by radioimmunoassay. These findings suggest that these pancreatic tumors were both multicellular and multihormonal.
HEPATIC ANGIOMYOLIPOMA
Authors: Naito Makoto , Yamamura Fumie , Takahashi Kiyoshi , Iwasaki Shuichi , Mochinaga Mizuho
Published: December 2008

Hepatic angiomyolipoma in a 59‐year‐old woman Is reported. The tumor was located at the lower edge of the left lobe of the liver, measured 3 × 2 × 2 cm, and appeared solid. Histologically, It consisted of abundant blood vessels of varying caliber, mature fat cells, and round, spindle‐shaped or epithelioid interstitial cells. The latter were considered to be of smooth muscle origin, because myofilamentous structures were demonstrated ultrastructurally in the cytoplasm and because they were positive for desmin by the PAP method. Based on these findings, the diagnosis of angiomyolipoma was confirmed. A review of the literature revealed only 15 cases of hepatic angiomyolipoma. From a clinlcopathological viewpoint, a comparison was made between hepatic angiomyolipoma and its more frequent renal counterpart. The hepatic tumor is considered to be a kind of hamartoma.
EXPRESSION OF β2‐MICROGLOBULIN ON INTERLOBULAR BILE DUCTS IN PRIMARY BILIARY CIRRHOSIS AND OTHER HEPATOBILIARY DISEASES
Authors: Nakanuma Yasuni , Yoshida Kazuharu
Published: December 2008

Expression of β‐microglobulin, a reliable marker of HLA Glass I, on the interlobular bile ducts (bile ducts) was surveyed using an immunoperoxidase method in paraffin sections of specimens from patients with a variety of hepatobiliary diseases. Normal bile ducts showed negativity or weak cytoplasmic positivity in normal as well as diseased livers. On the other hand, abnormal bile ducts showing degenerative or proliferative changes in primary biliary cirrhosis and graft‐versus‐host disease revealed enhanced expression of this protein, suggesting that these damaged bile ducts might be more susceptible to T cell‐mediated immune attack in these immunologic diseases. However, enhanced expression of this protein was also similarly found on abnormal bile ducts in several nonimmunologic biliary diseases Including extrahepatic biliary obstruction. Enhanced expression of this protein on the interlobular bile ducts may therefore be an epiphenomenon secondary to different primary pathologic events in the biliary tree, such as immunologic and nonimmunologic processes. ACTA PATHOL JPN 38 : 853∼860, 1988.
PULMONARY HYPERTENSION ASSOCIATED WITH PORTAL HYPERTENSION IN CHILDHOOD. Case Report of a 6‐Year‐Old Child and Review of the Literature
Authors: Nakatani Yukio , Ogawa Nobuo , Sasaki Yoshiro , Yamada Ryoji , Misugi Kazuaki
Published: December 2008

Pulmonary hypertension is a rare complication of portal hypertension. Reports of childhood cases are especially rare. This report describes an autopsy case of a 6‐year‐old boy with congenital biliary atresia followed by liver cirrhosis in whom severe hypertensive pulmonary arterial changes, including medial hypertrophy, intimal fibrosis and plexiform lesions were demonstrated. Fresh and organizing fibrin‐platelet thrombi as well as probable organized thrombi with recanalization were occasionally found in the pulmonary vasculature, but it was thought that they had probably been formed locally as a late complication rather than being of thromboembolic origin. Retrospectively, the chest roentgenograms had revealed abnormalities suggestive of pulmonary hypertension since infancy, but the patient showed no apparent symptoms of it during life. Previously reported childhood cases of pulmonary hypertension associated with portal hypertension were briefly reviewed. Although the mechanism is presently not known, it is suggested that patients with portal hypertension, even in early childhood, are at risk of developing this unusual complication. ACTA PATHOL JPN 38: 897∼907, 1988.
AN AUTOPSY CASE OF SARCOIDOSIS FOLLOWED UP FOR 27 YEARS, WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO PULMONARY FIBROSIS
Authors: Takemura Tamiko , Eishi Yoshinobu , Matsui Yasuo
Published: December 2008

An autopsy case of sarcoidosis followed up for 27 years in a 48‐year‐old woman with pulmonary fibrosis is presented. Chest roentgenography demonstrated an interstitial pneumonia‐like pattern with gradual contraction of the upper lobes. Focal and extending fibrosis and hyalinizatlon were observed in various organs including the lung, lymph nodes, heart and liver. Most of the fibrosis was thought to be derived from solitary or confluent granuloma, showing hyalinized nodular, stellate or band‐like fibrosis. There was also another type of fibrosis, not derived from granuloma, manifested as fibrosing alveolitis in the lung, and diffuse fibrosis extending throughout the other organs. In the lymph nodes, chromogenic bodies (Hamazaki‐Wesenberg bodies) were seen. The process of fibrosis and the significance of chromogenic bodies in cases of chronic sarcoidosis are discussed. ACTA PATHOL JPN 38: 909 ∼ 920, 1988.
CYTOLOGIC FEATURES OF ASCITES IN MALIGNANT FIBROUS HISTIOCYTOMA OF THE COLON
Authors: Satake Tatsunarí , Matsuyama Mutsushi
Published: December 2008

The cytologic features of ascitic fluid in a case of malignant fibrous histiocytoma (MFH) of the colon are described. At autopsy, two solid tumor masses were found around the ascending and transverse colon, accompanied by about 3,000 ml of ascites. Tumor cells had infiltrated diffusely into the outer layers of almost all of the gastrointestinal wall, simulating peritonitis carcinomatosa. Cytologic examination of the ascites revealed various kinds of tumor cells; short spindle‐like cells, multinucleated giant cells, and round cells with an invaginated nuclear margin, forming small clusters. These cytologic findings were considered to be very useful in the diagnosis of MFH, especially in cytologic examinations of ascites. ACTA PATHOL JPN 38: 921 ∼ 928, 1988.
A CASE OF HYDROPS FETALIS DUE TO PLACENTAL CHORIOANGIOMA
Authors: Imakita Masami , Yutani Chikao , Ishibashi‐Ueda Hatsue , Murakami Masayoshi , Chiba Yoshihide
Published: December 2008

A case of an infant born in association with a large chorioangioma of the placenta is reported. The mother was complicated with polyhydramnios and premature labor. The fetal complications were congestive heart failure and hydrops fetalis. This case serves to emphasize that it is necessary to examine the placenta in every perinatal autopsy case. ACTA PATHOL JPN 38: 941∼945, 1988.
A CASE OF OVARIAN GRANULOSA CELL TUMOR WITH INVASIVE ADENOCARCINOMA OF THE ENDOMETRIUM. A Case Report and Review of the Japanese Literature
Authors: Nakamura Shigeo , Nakashima Nobuo , Ito Masafumi , Nagahama Masato , Nakagawa Atsuko , Nakayama Atsuo , Koshikawa Takashi , Asai Junpei
Published: December 2008

A 47‐year‐old woman was admitted complaining of irregular uterine bleeding. On surgery, an ovarian tumor was found together with a broad‐based polypoid endometrial mass. These lesions were histologically diagnosed as granulosa cell tumor with invasive adenocarcinoma of the endometrium. To our knowledge, only four other cases of granulosa cell tumor with adenocarcinoma of the endometrium have been reported in Japan, although our case was unique in showing invasion to the uterine myometrium. ACTA PATHOL JPN 38: 947∼951, 1988.
ANALYSIS OF THE CORE OF FERRUGINOUS BODIES and THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN BODY TYPE and CORE CHARACTERISTICS
Authors: Kimizuka Goro , Shinozaki Katsumi , Hayashi Yutaka
Published: December 2008

The cores of 164 ferruginous bodies from seven non‐primary asbestos workers were analyzed by the carbon planchet method to elucidate the nature of the core mineral and the relationship between ferruginous body type and the core characteristics. One hundred and sixty‐two cores, except for two talcs, were all amphibole group asbestos. Amosite and anthophyllite fibers were all finer than 0.9 μm and mainly less than 0.5 μm in diameter and had tendency to form type I asbestos bodies. On the other hand, tremolite and actinolite fibers constituted non‐beaded club‐like type II or type IV bodies and tended to have a larger diameter than that of amosite or anthophyllite fibers (p<0.005). These results suggest that the type of asbestos body depends fundamentally on the core diameter (width) rather than the type of asbestos, although the core diameter was correlated with asbestos type. For the analysis and evaluation of ferruginous body cores, which are completely coated, it is necessary to denude the ferruginous coating. This study suggested the usefulness of the carbon planchet method with Dodson's method. ACTA PATHOL JPN 38: 989∼1000, 1988.
GASTRIC METAPLASIA IN DUODENAL ULCER. Histochemical Considerations of Its Pathophysiological Significance
Authors: Hara Masafumi , Harasawa Shigeru , Tani Norio , Miwa Takeshi , Tsutsumi Yutaka
Published: December 2008

Gastric metaplasia of the duodenal mucosa in biopsy specimens of healed duodenal ulcer and in surgical specimens of perforated duodenal ulcer was investigated using mucin histochemistry and the indirect immunoperoxidase method. Endoscopic methylene blue test was performed prior to biopsy. All specimens from areas showing no dye absorption revealed varying degrees of gastric metaplasia characterized by heterotopic occurrence of gastric‐type foveolar cells mainly at the tips of stunted intestinal villi. On average, 31.8% of the total surface length of duodenal mucosa taken from areas showing no dye absorption was occupied by the metaplastic cells. They showed strong reactivities for periodic acid‐Schiff (PAS) and galactose oxidase‐Schiff sequences, while alcian blue and paradoxical concanavalin A staining, class III, were negative. Immunoperoxidase‐PAS double staining revealed a few gastrin and somatostatin cells in foci of gastric metaplasia, but almost no cells containing motilin, secretin, cholecystokinin and gastric inhibitory peptide. Such endocrine cells were scattered in nonmetaplastic mucosa. While such metaplastic change has been regarded as a self‐defence mechanism or adaptation of the duodenal mucosa against acid, a local decrease of normal endocrine cells, which allegedly function as acid receptors, may lead to alterations of gastroduodenal interaction. It is suggested that gastric metaplasia is important as one of the pathophysiological mechanisms involved in the recurrence of duodenal ulcer. ACTA PATHOL JPN 38 : 1011 ∼ 1018, 1988.
ELASTOSIS IN MENINGIOMA. A Case Report and Electron Microscopic Study
Authors: Akagi Seiji , Mizobuchi Kohichi , Taguchi Kohji , Nishimoto Akira
Published: December 2008

A 55‐year‐old man underwent left frontoparietal craniotomy for total removal of a parasagittal meningioma. The tumor showed a predominant pattern of meningotheliomatous meningioma and a partial pattern of angiomatous, transitional and fibrous meningioma. A striking feature was the appearance of unusually numerous elastinophilic material in the intercellular stroma. We observed a process in which the progress of elastosis changed the appearance of meningotheliomatous meningioma to a hypocellular, and subsequently acellular flbroelastotic node. Three years after the first craniotomy, meningioma recurred at the same site. The recurrent tumor also showed the histological pattern of meningotheliomatous meningioma with stromal elastosis, as previously observed. This is the first report of a case of meningioma with stromal elastosis. The present case represents the first unequivocal demonstration of elastogenesis in meningioma. ACTA PATHOL JPN 38: 1019∼1029, 1988.
AMELOBLASTOMA OF MUCOSAL ORIGIN*
Authors: Takeda Yasunori , Kuroda Masafumi , Suzuki Atsumi
Published: December 2008

Histopathological, histochemical and ultrastructural findings of an extraosseous ameloblastoma occurring in an 89‐year‐old woman are reported. Rete pegs of the gingival epithelium covering the lesion showed marked extension into the lesion, and direct continuity between the extended rete pegs and tumor follicles was evident. Ultrastructural examination showed that the rete pegs gradually became transformed into double‐stranded epithelial cords as they elongated deeply, and that the ends of these epithelial cords gradually became transformed into tumor follicles. These findings suggest that the potential for differentiation is maintained in the basal cells of the gingival epithelium throughout life, and can be triggered by unknown stimuli. The ultrastructure of the tumor follicles was similar to that of intraosseous follicular ameloblastoma, but was different from that of cutaneous basal cell carcinoma. Histochemical staining for keratin protein revealed that the central cells of tumor follicles and the covering epithelium were positive, whereas the peripheral cells of tumor follicles and the elongated rete pegs were negative. ACTA PATHOL JPN38: 1053∼1060, 1988.
NONSYNDROMATIC PAUCITY OF INTRAHEPATIC BILE DUCTS IN CONGENITAL SYPHILIS. A Case Report
Authors: Sugiura Hitoshi , Hayashi Morimoto , Koshida Rie , Watanabe Reiji , Nakanuma Yasuni , Ohta Goroku
Published: December 2008

The first case of nonsyndromatic paucity of the intrahepatic bile ducts is reported in congenital syphilis. The patient, a 2‐week‐old female, was born at the 31st week of gestation, weighing 1,910 g. She had a high titer of IgM antibody to Treponema pallidum and sera from both parents also showed a positive reaction in the hemagglutination test for Treponema pallidum. The patient had hepatosplenomegaly and increasing jaundice, and died of respiratory failure on the 70th hospital day. Autopsy examination revealed paucity of the intrahepatic bile ducts, prominent giant cell transformation of hepatocytes, cholestasis and extramedullary hematopoiesis of the liver. The ratio of the number of intrahepatic bile ducts to that of the portal tracts was approximately 0.2:1. There was marked proliferation of atypical bile ductules at the margin of the portal tracts. The exact relation of this paucity to Treponema pallidum remains unknown. ACTA PATHOL JPN 38: 1061 ∼ 1068, 1988.
TESTICULAR TUMORS IN NON‐TWIN BROTHERS FROM A CONSANGUINEOUS MARRIAGE
Authors: Yonemitsu Nobuhisa , Mori Katsuhiko , Mitsuoka Masatsugu , Toda Shuji , Miyabara Shinichi , Funatsumaru Sadayuki , Sugihara Hajime
Published: December 2008

Malignant testicular tumors occurring in non‐twin brothers are reported. Both of the brothers suffered from amentia and epilepsy and were the product of a consanguineous marriage. One brother presented with teratocarcinoma and the other seminoma. With a review of the literature, genetic roles in the etiology of testicular neoplasia are discussed. ACTA PATHOL JPN 38: 1077∼1086, 1988.
AN ELECTRON MICROSCOPIC EXAMINATION OF AGE‐RELATED CHANGES IN THE RAT LIVER. The Influence of Diet
Authors: Iwasaki Keisuke , Maeda Hiroshi , Shimokawa Isao , Hayashida Masafumi , Yu Byung Pal , Masoro Edward J. , Ikeda Takayoshi
Published: December 2008

The influence of age and diet on the ultrastructure of hepatocytes is reported. The following dietary manipulations were investigated: Group 1, fed ad libitum a diet containing 21% protein; Group 2, fed a similar diet but restricted to 60% of the intake of Group 1 from 6 weeks of age onwards; Group 3, restricted from 6 weeks to 6 months of age and thereafter fed ad libitum; Group 4, restriction started at 6 months of age; Group 5, fed ad libitum a diet containing 12.6% protein. In all groups the size of hepatocytes was found not to increase during adult life. The size of hepatocytes in Groups 2 and 4 was the same as or larger than that of the other groups; thus food restriction resulted in a decreased number of hepatocytes. Changes in the structure of some organelles and the accumulation of lipofuscin granules occurred with advancing age and the extent of these age‐related changes was less in Groups 2 and 4 than in the other groups. These morphologic findings in conjunction with our previously reported metabolic findings provide a new view of the action of food restriction on the aging process. ACTA PATHOL JPN 38: 1119∼1130, 1988.
CEROID‐LIPOFUSCINOSIS. Report of Two Autopsy Cases
Authors: Monma Nobuhiro , Satodate Ryoichi , Suzuki Hidenori , Ujiie Takashi
Published: December 2008

Light and electron microscopic examinations were performed on two autopsy cases of ceroid‐lipofuscinosis of the juvenile (Case 1) and late infantile (Case 2) types. Much ceroid‐lipofuscin (CL) was found in nerve cells throughout the nervous system. In Case 1, CL had also accumulated in thyroid follicular cells, glomerular podocytes, and epithelial cells of the ductus epididymidis, and in the endothelium and smooth muscle of vessels. Electron microscopy showed CL in 5% of peripheral lymphocytes sampled when the patient was alive. In Case 2, an accumulation of CL was found in the vascular endothelial cells of the cerebrum, and Kupffer cells and sinusoidal endothelial cells of the liver. The CL was autofluorescent, and was seen to be composed of electron‐dense granules, lipid droplets, lamellar structures, and curvilinear bodies by electron microscopy. Limiting membranes were often found surrounding CL granules. The dolichol level in the cerebral cortex was high in Case 1. Accumulation of CL was found in cells other than nerve cells, although the main signs and symptoms were caused by the involvement of nerve cells. The CL showed various ultrastructural features. ACTA PATHOL JPN 38: 1191∼1203, 1988.
GLYCOGEN‐RICH CLEAR CELL CARCINOMA ARISING FROM MINOR SALIVARY GLANDS OF THE UVULA. A Case Report
Authors: Hayashi Kazuhiko , Ohtsuki Yuji , Sonobe Hiroshi , Takahashi Kiyoshi , Iwata Jun , Nishioka Eriko , Kawakami Takashi
Published: December 2008

Glycogen‐rich clear cell carcinoma arising from minor salivary glands of the uvula in a 35‐year‐old woman is reported. This tumor was composed of nests and cords of clear cells containing cytoplasmic glycogen but no mucin. The epithelial nature of this lesion was obvious because of positive immunore‐activity for cytokeratin and epithelial membrane antigen, and the presence of immature lumina and intercellular spaces lined by many microvilli, associated with desmosomal junctions and basal lamina, as revealed by ultrastructural study. However, no myoepithelial cells could be detected. From these findings, it may be concluded that this tumor corresponds to glycogen‐rich clear cell carcinoma (a variant of clear cell tumor), revealing glandular differentiation. ACTA PATHOL JPN 38: 1227∼1234, 1988.
Morphological Heterogeneity of Esophageal Carcinoma
Authors: Takubo Kaiyo , Sasajima Koji , Yamashita Kiyohiko , Tanaka Yoichi , Fujita Kichishiro , Mafune Ken‐ichi , Wang Quan‐Hong
Published: December 2008

To clarify the morphological heterogeneity of esophageal carcinoma, the adenocarcinomatous, basaloid, and sarcoma‐like components of 178 esophageal carcinomas were studied with regard to histopathology, much histochemistry, immunohistochemistry, and ultrastructure. Adenocarcinomatous components with mucicarminophilic cells and/or glandular structures, basaloid components, and sarcoma‐like components were found in 55 lesions (30.9%), 17 lesions (9.3%), and five lesions (2.8%) respectively. Carcinoembryonic antigen staining was positive in 52 lesions (29.2%), secretory component staining was positive in 15 (8.4%), and lactoferrin staining was positive in 12 (6.7%). Eight intraepithelial carcinomas were found to have no adenocarcinomatous components, and two intramucosal carcinomas had adenocarcinomatous components in the invasive portions. These findings strongly suggest that the adenocarcinomatous components do not arise from the ductal epithelium, but occur during the process of invasion. There were no significant clinicopathological differences between the carcinomas with adenocarcinomatous components and those without. Ultrastructurally, the adenocarcinomatous components were seen to possess intracellular microcysts, intercellular lumina, and bundles of tonofilaments, having features of both glandular and squamous epithelia. On the basis of the concept that the basaloid components are histological variants of squamous cell carcinoma and that sarcoma‐like components arise from mesenchymal metaplasia of squamous cell carcinoma, it is possible that the three components may originate from the squamous component. The present study thus demonstrated a high incidence of histological variation among esophageal carcinomas.