bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Simple Stochastic Reaction Model for Heterogeneous Polymerizations
Authors: Ma Jiashu , Li Jiahao , Yang Bingbing , Liu Siwen , Jiang Bang-Ping , Ji Shichen , Shen Xing-Can
Published: August 2022

The stochastic reaction model (SRM) treats polymerization as a pure probability‐based issue, which is widely applied to simulate various polymerization processes. However, in many studies, active centers were assumed to react with the same probability, which cannot reflect the heterogeneous reaction microenvironment in heterogeneous polymerizations. Recently, we have proposed a simple SRM, in which the reaction probability of an active center is directly determined by the local reaction microenvironment. In this paper, we compared this simple SRM with other SRMs by examining living polymerizations with randomly dispersed and spatially localized initiators. The results confirmed that the reaction microenvironment plays an important role in heterogeneous polymerizations. This simple SRM provides a good choice to simulate various polymerizations.
Risks of Entrepreneurship amid the COVID-19 Crisis
Authors: Litvinova Tatiana N.
Published: August 2022

The COVID-19 crisis is unique in that it is caused by a pandemic and has created a special context for entrepreneurship in 2020. The motivation for this study is, firstly, to concretise and accurately quantify the impacts of the pandemic on entrepreneurship. Secondly, to clearly identify the specific business risks emerging or intensifying in the context of the pandemic; and thirdly, to distinguish between the impact of the economic crisis and the pandemic on entrepreneurship. This paper aims at studying the risks of entrepreneurship amid the COVID-19 pandemic and crisis. The paper’s sample consists of the top 10 countries that are leaders by the COVID-19 case rate in the world, starting 22 October 2020 up to 22 February 2022. The method of trend analysis is used to find and quantitatively measure the manifestations of the pandemic (case rate and mortality) on the entrepreneurial risks. Economic and mathematical modelling, with the help of correlation and regression analysis, showed that healthcare factors—the COVID-19 case rate and mortality—are not the key reasons for high entrepreneurial risks in 2020 and have a small influence on them. This paper’s contribution to the literature consists in specifying the cause-and-effect links between the COVID-19 pandemic and crisis and entrepreneurial risks. The theoretical significance of the results obtained consists in their proving the uniqueness of the COVID-19 crisis from the position of entrepreneurial risks. The paper’s originality consists in specifying the influence of the COVID-19 pandemic on entrepreneurial risks, explaining—thoroughly and in detail—the essence of these risks, and opening possibilities for highly-effective risk management.
Analysis of the Influence of Attitude Error on Underwater Positioning and Its High-Precision Realization Algorithm
Authors: Liu Yixu , Wang Lei , Hu Liangliang , Cui Haonan , Wang Shengli
Published: August 2022

GNSS/INS can provide position, attitude, and velocity (PAV) information for shipborne platforms. However, if the ship has a long-term linear motion or a stationary state, and is under the combined actions of sea surface swells, there will be a situation of sideslip and drift; if the ship is traveling slowly or shaking violently, the attitude calculation will not be completed. In the above situation, the traditional single-antenna GNSS/INS measurement mode is not suitable, and the attitude observability is poor; the heading angle attitude information, especially, will gradually diverge. Unreliable information will directly lead to a significant increase in underwater positioning errors. In this paper, a multi-antenna GNSS/INS combination algorithm is developed and used to provide high-precision PAV information, and is thereby able to obtain high-precision underwater positioning results. The experimental results show that the method has improved the acquisition of position and velocity in the horizontal direction and the accuracy of navigation attitude measurement. In particular, the attitude measurement accuracy in the 3 degrees of freedom (DoF) are improved by 10.1% (roll), 8.6% (pitch), and 29.3% (yaw).
BDS/GPS Multi-Baseline Relative Positioning for Deformation Monitoring
Authors: Wang Haonan , Dai Wujiao , Yu Wenkun
Published: August 2022

The single-baseline solution (SBS) model has been widely adopted by the existing global navigation satellite system (GNSS) deformation monitoring systems due to its theoretical simplicity and ease of implementation. However, the SBS model neglects the mathematical correlation between baselines, and the accuracy and reliability can be degraded for baselines with long length, large height difference or frequent satellite signal occlusion. When monitoring large-area ground settlement or long-spanned linear objects such as bridges and railroads, multiple reference stations are frequently utilized, which can be exploited to improve the monitoring performance. Therefore, this paper evaluates the multi-baseline solution (MBS) model, and constrained-MBS (CMBS) model that has a prior constraint of the spatial-correlated tropospheric delay. The reliability and validity of the MBS model are verified using GPS/BDS datasets from ground settlement deformation monitoring with a baseline length of about 20 km and a height difference of about 200 m. Numerical results show that, compared with the SBS model, the MBS model can reduce the positioning standard deviation (STD) and root-mean-squared (RMS) errors by up to (47.4/51.3/66.2%) and (56.9/60.4/58.4%) in the north/east/up components, respectively. Moreover, the combined GPS/BDS positioning performance for the MBS model outperforms the GPS-only and BDS-only positioning models, with an average accuracy improvement of about 13.8 and 25.8%, with the highest accuracy improvement of about 41.6 and 43.8%, respectively. With the additional tropospheric delay constraint, the CMBS model improves the monitoring precision in the up direction by about 45.0%.
EXAMINATION OF A CORPSE ASSOCIATED WITH THE EXHUMATION DURING PRE-TRIAL INVESTIGATION
Authors: Baulin Oleh
Published: August 2022

The article deals with the issues of legal regulation of the exhumation of a human corpse and reveals the procedure for conducting an examination of a corpse related to the exhumation during the pre-trial (preliminary) investigation, provided for by the current legislation of Ukraine. The author draws attention to the existing problems in the modern investigative practice of conducting an examination of a corpse associated with the exhumation and suggests ways to solve these problems.

It is noted that the examination of the corpse associated with the exhumation is one of the most complex investigative (detective) actions since it consists of several successive stages (initiation, with the adoption and execution by the prosecution of the decision to conduct it; taking measures to address the decision on the exhumation of the corpse to execution; direct implementation of this decision, etc.), each of which is also structured according to certain organizational, procedural, tactical and forensic criteria and other aspects of investigative activity.

The author of the article draws attention to the significant shortcomings of the legal regulation of the current Criminal Procedure Code of Ukraine of 2012 on the procedure for examining a corpse related to exhumation. Errors of the investigator in choosing the type of examination of the corpse, as well as violation of the procedure established by law for exhumation and the penetration of the prosecution into the tomb (crypt), which are private property, without the consent of the owner or the determination of the investigating judge (court), may subsequently lead to recognition by the court the inadmissibility of using the results of this investigative (detective) action in court as evidence.

The author proposes ways to solve these problems. In particular, it is proposed in the decision-making mechanism for the exhumation of a corpse to determine the place of close relatives or family members of the deceased in order to guarantee their right to respect for family and private life, in accordance with Article 8 of the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms, the implementation of which should not depend entirely on the discretion of the pre-trial investigation bodies and the prosecutor’s office. This provision does not meet the requirements of international standards, in particular, the decision of the European Court of Human Rights in the case of Solska and Rybicka v. Poland (Solska and Rybicka v. Poland, nos. 30491/17 and 31083/17, 20 September 2018). The early introduction of the amendments proposed by the author to Article 239 of the Criminal Procedure Code of Ukraine will bring the national procedure for examining a corpse related to exhumation closer to international standards.

Key words: pre-trial investigation, investigative (search) action, exhumation of a corpse, inspection of a corpse, body identification, forensic examination.
THE PRINCIPLES OF PUBLIC MANAGEMENT OF THE GAMBLING BUSINESS, AIMED AT PROTECTING SOCIETY AND EACH PLAYER FROM THE HARMFUL EFFECTS OF GAMBLING
Authors: Toporetska Zoryana
Published: August 2022

The article is devoted to the analysis of the principles of public management of the gambling market in Ukraine, which are aimed at protecting society and each player from the harmful effects of gambling in the form of gambling addiction.

The author highlighted and analyzed such principles of public administration as: protection of rights, legitimate interests, life, and health of citizens, ensuring the principle of responsible gaming, protection of personal data, combating gambling addiction (addiction). The author concludes that the principles of public gambling management proposed in the article should ensure the functioning of a civilized gambling market in Ukraine, where the interests of society, not business or the state, will come first: not filling the budget, getting maximum earnings from this business. and the creation of a legal alternative to those wishing to gamble, while maximizing control of the gaming process and protecting each player from the formation of gambling addiction.

Key words: principles, state regulation, state policy, gambling, gambler, addiction, protection of society.
ON THE CURRENT STATE OF DETECTIVE ACTIVITY IN UKRAINE (SUBSTANTIATION OF THE POSSIBILITY AND EXPEDIENCY OF DETECTIVE ACTIVITY IN UKRAINE)
Authors: Kaliuha Karina
Published: August 2022

The article deals with the current state of detective activity in Ukraine. The state and private sectors of detective activity in Ukraine have been investigated; possibilities and expediency of its legalization and functioning. A number of bills on the legalization of detective activity were considered; prerequisites for using such services; considered, so to speak – the prototypes of such activities. The experience of foreign countries and the developments of existing Ukrainian agencies are illustrated. The significance of the peculiarities of this type of law enforcement activity is highlighted, its individuality and common practice (like any other type of economic activity) are noted simultaneously. Preliminary conclusions are made about the state of its functioning and the prospects for further development and ways of improving detective activity in Ukraine and the like are outlined.

The future Law should clearly define the subject of detective activity. The principles of providing detective services should be: confidentiality, decency, informing the client about the real prospects of the investigation. The information basis (databases) of detective activity should be outlined: for example, access to the register of individuals and legal entities engaged in entrepreneurial activity; access to separate databases (MIA). Thus, at the pre-trial stage of the investigation, it is necessary to give the opportunity to as many subjects as possible (including detective agencies) – the opportunity to investigate information about the crime and information already received about the crime committed. Such detective agencies are designed to fill the existing gaps in the implementation by other participants of pre-trial proceedings (in particular, defenders) of effective means, methods, and techniques of research. The means (methods, techniques) with the help of which information about the crimes committed are collected.

In our opinion, detective activity has its own separate goals and objectives, its own object and subjects of activity; its own tools that will make detective work as effective and independent as possible, etc.

The functions and tasks of private detectives and private detective agencies should be almost the same as those of law enforcement agencies. When citizens, for some personal reasons, cannot apply to these bodies, their functions will be taken over by private detective agencies.

Key words: detective work, detective firms, detective agencies, detective services, journalistic activity, police authorities, entrepreneurial activity, law enforcement activity, private security activity, security firms, searches.
DEVELOPMENT OF METHODS FOR INVESTIGATING CRIMES IN THE 20SOF THE LAST CENTURY (ON THE EXAMPLE OF THE "GENERAL METHOD FOR INVESTIGATING CRIMES" BY I. M. YAKYMOV)
Authors: Starushkevych Anatolii
Published: August 2022

The “general method for investigating crimes” developed by Soviet criminologist Ivan Yakymov in the 1920s is considered. The positive qualities of the method are shown, namely, systematic, phased, adherence to activity and situational approaches, the use of a number of analytical techniques, the group nature of the implementation during the detection and investigation of the crime.

The systematic nature of the method can be traced in the fact that it is divided into successive stages, sub-stages, “means of inquiry”. The incidental evidence obtained because of its implementation is related to clearly defined tactical tasks aimed at achieving specific goals (“building a picture of the crime”, clarifying its circumstances, etc.).

The method is characterized by stages like stages are logically defined, consistent, the movement behind them makes it possible to clarify the “picture” of what happened, obtain and evaluate indirect evidence concerning the facts of the offender at the scene, his movement there, things and items that he seized as a result of criminal acts, the manner of committing both the crime as a whole and individual actions at the scene, as well as structural elements of the crime: methods of its preparation, direct commission, and concealment.
The method is built with the activity approach. It uses such elements of the approach as “object of crime”, “place of crime”, “tools” and “means of crime”, “traces of crime”, “eyewitnesses” of the event, “motives” of the perpetrator, and its “purpose”, “time”, “events”, “way” of the crime. All these elements are “embedded” in the method in accordance with the logic of the activity approach and make it possible to clarify them as the implementation of the measures proposed in the method (investigative and operational actions).

The analyzed method used a situational approach. The “deployment” of the method begins with the situation when the “scene” (crime) is identified, as well as the proposed actions in a situation where such a “scene” does not exist or physical evidence and traces of illegal actions, that is, destroyed. In addition, a variable situational approach to the evaluation of indirect evidence and actions of suspects is proposed.

Yakymov’s method took into account the best provisions of such methods previously developed by scientists from leading European countries E. Anushat (Germany), A. Weingart (Germany), G. Gross (Austria), A. Nietzsche (Italy), G. Schneik ert (Germany) etc. This method lays the foundations for the development of a modern section of criminology: forensic methodology and forensic doctrine of methods of investigating criminal offenses.

Key words: method of cognition in criminology, method of investigation, the general method of investigation, investigation of criminal offenses, history of criminology, crime detection, methods of crime investigation, activity approach in criminology, stages of crime investigation, Ivan Yakymov.
Problems of strategic planning the national economy of Russia
Authors: Amelchenkо A. V.
Published: August 2022

The main problems hindering the timely implementation of the adopted programs for the long-term development of the country’s economy are identified and analyzed. The role of science and technology in achieving strategic advantages by economic entities is substantiated, as well as the need to update and strengthen the scientific, technical and innovative potential of domestic enterprises, primarily chemical industries and mechanical engineering. The options for financing programs of socio-economic development of the country are proposed.
Institutional changes in the field of public procurement in the context of the development of digitalization processes
Authors: Kapoguzov E. A. , Drozdova N. V.
Published: August 2022

The article considers the public procurement system as a tool for the fiscal policy within the framework of the implementation of state programs, national and federal projects of the Russian Federation, as support for small businesses, as an object of antimonopoly regulation. The aim of the work is to reflect institutional changes in the public procurement system in the context of the development of digitalization processes. The indicators affecting the efficiency and effectiveness of procurement activities are identified, based on the analysis of the state of procurement activities of the Russian Federation for 2017–2020, an assessment of the effectiveness of the contract system of the Russian Federation is given. Institutional changes in the public procurement system have had a significant impact on reducing transaction costs, increasing the level of competition, taking into account the possibility of participating in procurement regardless of the geographical location of participants, increasing the efficiency of procurement processes. The result of the article is to clarify the main indicators of efficiency and effectiveness of procurement activities, as well as to propose new performance indicators that are aimed at ensuring competitiveness, budget savings, compliance with legislation in the field of procurement, support for small businesses and the implementation of national projects.
On the question of transhumanism: the future of man in a new social reality
Authors: Kostolomova M. V.
Published: August 2022

The article is devoted to changing the role of a person in a changing social reality. The social background constructed to date has become a qualitatively defining marker and a bifurcation point for a profound change in the habitual way of life of society. In this regard, it is possible to state the formation of multilevel system-paradigm, sociocultural shifts both in the social reality itself, the usual way of life, in the established pictures of the world of modern society, and in the minds of people. In this regard, the question arises about man as the main factor and at the same time the subject of ongoing transformations. Using the example of transhumanism as one of the actively developing practice-oriented philosophical trends, the author analyzes the main trends in changing attitudes towards a person, his role and place in social reality.
Organizations use of internet, websites and data exchange with government bodies
Authors: Pinkovetskaya Yu. S.
Published: August 2022

The purpose of our study was to evaluate the indicators characterizing the use of three types of information and communication technologies, namely wired and wireless Internet, own websites, as well as electronic data exchange by Russian organizations. The official information of Rosstat for 2020 was used as empirical data. Empirical data modeling was based on the density functions of the normal distribution. The study showed that about 78 % of organizations used the Internet, 44 % of organizations had their own websites, 49 % of them carried out electronic data exchange.
Valuing abiotic nature
Authors: Biasetti Pierfrancesco
Published: August 2022

In our everyday experience, life, environment, and nature are connected and we tend to confuse the value we assign to them. One way around this issue is to analyze our intuitions on the terraformation of other planets such as Mars. In this way, we are forced to consider whether the original abiotic nature has a value of some kind regardless of its capacity to support ecosystems and life, what kind of value this might be, and what weight it might have when compared with other values. In this contribution, I will draw a map of the possible answers to these questions by analyzing the different perspectives brought forth by some of the main characters in K. S. Robinson's The Mars Trilogy. In this way, it will be possible to observe that, while on Earth instrumental and non-instrumental kinds of environmental value generally concur and support each other, in an abiotic landscape, such as that offered (we assume) by Mars, they may conflict.
On hope resistance
Authors: Del Sordo Caterina
Published: August 2022

In this paper, I analyse our concept of resistance. I tell the difference between hope resistance and resistance tout court - the first figures out as a more basic phenomenon than the other. I specify the concept of hope resistance drawing upon the ontological and epistemological artillery of Bloch’s principle of hope. Accordingly, hope resistance is illustrated and explained through the concepts of possible futures, utopian function, anticipation and novum that nowadays are crucial to the new philosophical field of future studies. I bring examples of hope resistance drawing upon the history of feminism and the fictitious world of science fiction and crime series, particularly Black Mirror, Utopia, and Money Heist.
A qualidade do cuidado de enfermagem ao idoso
Authors: Gonçalves Adelina Ferreira , Righetti Eline Aparecida Vendas , Magrin Sabrina Ferreira Furtado
Published: August 2022

A razão deste estudo foi investigar a evolução do profissional enfermeiro para a área geriátrica, tratando sobre a perspectiva da enfermagem em relação ao idoso no final da vida e o comportamento do enfermeiro para um atendimento de qualidade ao ancião. Para que fosse possível realizar este estudo, optou-se pela revisão bibliográfica de artigos, livros e revistas disponibilizados em plataformas de busca e bancos de dados, como Google Acadêmico, SciElo, Pubmed e Elsevier. O estudo mostrou que a assistência de enfermagem requer um contato muito próximo com o doente e, para uma assistência de qualidade, é necessário garantir que atenda às necessidades dos idosos. O trabalho conjunto, entre os profissionais da saúde e os familiares de pessoas idosas, permite que o enfermeiro tenha conhecimento e compreensão especiais sobre os aspectos problemáticos que as situações de cuidado apresentam, bem como sobre quais são as reais necessidades de apoio e ajuda do idoso e de seu cuidador familiar. O enfermeiro geriátrico é responsável por avaliar as necessidades dos pacientes geriátricos, administrar os cuidados e avaliar sua eficácia na manutenção das capacidades e independência, o que implica ter uma base de conhecimento sobre o fenômeno saúde-doença no processo de envelhecimento, e um profundo senso de ética. Consequentemente, a qualidade da assistência é essencial para evitar iatrogenias e, assim, contribuir para a satisfação plena do idoso.
Governança no setor público: ênfase na melhoria da gestão, transparência e participação da sociedade
Authors: Matias-Pereira José
Published: August 2022

O objetivo deste artigo teórico é apresentar e discutir a evolução da adoção da Nova Governança Pública (NPG), com vista a melhoria da gestão, transparência, accountability, participação da sociedade, integridade e da qualidade dos serviços públicos. A abordagem teórica está apoiada nas teorias da administração, institucional e da agência. A partir da literatura e relatórios, se discute as mudanças ocorridas na gestão pública, com destaque para os mecanismos de adoção da agenda da nova governança no setor público. A discussão sobre a adoção da agenda da Nova Governança Pública (NPG) se revela original e relevante para a compreensão das mudanças em curso na administração pública. Os resultados das discussões evidenciam que a evolução da governança no setor público possui uma relação direta com as pressões e exigências da sociedade por melhoria da gestão, transparência, accountability, maior participação da sociedade, e na qualidade dos serviços públicos. Evidenciou-se, também, a necessidade dos governos de priorizar na agenda política do país a aderência da política a estratégia de governança no setor público. Os achados do estudo evidenciam que a agenda da Nova Governança Pública (NGP), revela-se promissora no atendimento das demandas por políticas públicas e serviços, de forma mais democrática e transparente, com menor custo. Essas mudanças estão impactando no funcionamento do governo e da administração pública, o que abre a oportunidade do surgimento de novas ideias no campo das teorias de administração pública e na estratégia de governança no setor público.
Conhecimento e uso dos contraceptivos de emergência por mulheres na ESF
Authors: Costa Alexandra Beatriz Máximo , Bezerra Jéssica Cristina , Coêlho Ana Flávia Freitas de Miranda , Olanda Debora Evelly da Silva , Silva Rosany Casado de Freitas , Silva Talita Costa Soares , Sousa Kallyany Santos , Evangelista Wanessa de Araújo , Oliveira Bruna Soares
Published: August 2022

Esta pesquisa intitulada “Conhecimento e uso dos contraceptivos de emergência por mulheres na ESF” teve como objetivo geral: verificar o conhecimento e uso dos contraceptivos de emergência em mulheres atendidas na unidade de saúde, e como objetivos específicos: traçar o perfil social das entrevistadas; identificar o conhecimento das entrevistadas sobre o contraceptivo de emergência; averiguar o conhecimento das entrevistadas sobre os métodos anticoncepcionais; averiguar o uso do contraceptivo de emergência pelas as entrevistadas. A pesquisa foi do tipo descritiva que teve abordagem quantitativa, foi realizada na Unidade de Saúde da Família Ipiranga Integrada, localizados no município de João Pessoa – PB. A amostra foi constituída por 96 participantes que aceitaram participar do estudo. Foi possível identificar nesse estudo que muitas das mulheres entrevistadas tinham o conhecimento sobre o que era o contraceptivo de emergência, porém uma boa parte delas não sabia como se usava.
Um novo olhar sobre avaliação mediante a reflexão da prática pedagógica
Authors: De Freitas Rosenilda Caetano , De Faria Wendell Fiori , França Rosângela de Fatima Cavalcante , Da Silva Josineide Macena
Published: August 2022

A avaliação da aprendizagem escolar é um importante componente do ato pedagógico que busca investigar a qualidade dos resultados da aprendizagem. Nesse sentido, o presente artigo traz uma reflexão sobre o conceito de avaliação ante o olhar de professores que se encontram no processo de formação continuada. Logo, a problemática desta pesquisa se estabelece na seguinte indagação: até que ponto a reflexão sobre a avaliação da aprendizagem realizada pelos professores que se encontram em processo de formação continuada pode contribuir para subsidiar ações pedagógicas que visem alcançar resultados qualitativos no que diz respeito à aprendizagem dos alunos? Responder tal questionamento, por sua vez, constitui o mote do objetivo geral deste estudo. A pesquisa é de abordagem qualitativa, do tipo bibliográfica. Conclui-se que a avaliação é um importante recurso subsidiário do sucesso do ensino e da aprendizagem. Dessa forma, ela é capaz de viabilizar novas ações de (re)planejamento pelos professores, quando na formação continuada passam a refletir sobre a importância do ato de avaliar.
Peningkatan Kualitas Penyusunan RPPH Melalui Monitoring Dan Evaluasi Pelaksanaan Program Sekolah Oleh Pengawas TK Di Kabupaten Pasaman Barat
Authors: Utami Sri
Published: August 2022

Based on the observations that have been researchers did teachers in kindergarten West Pasaman, it was found that the ability of teachers to prepare RPPH still low. The purpose of this study is to describe and obtain information about the preparation of RPPH In kindergarten Barat.Penelitian Pasaman of a school action research. The procedure in this research include planning, action, observation and reflection. The study consisted of two cycles of the four meetings. Subjects consisted of 40 kindergarten teachers West Pasaman which consists of 11 schools. Data were collected by using observation sheet. Data were analyzed using percentages. The results showed that the Monitoring and Evaluation Can Improve teacher preparation RPPH In kindergarten Pasaman of Barat.Hal is evidenced by the evavaluasi and monitoring may Improving the quality of teacher preparation RPPH In kindergarten West Pasaman from the first cycle to the second cycle. The average teacher's ability to improve manufacturing of RPPH in the first cycle was 50.97 with less category, the second cycle is 74.35 with the category Fairly and the third cycle is 83.35 Good.
Sifat Kimia Cookies dengan Substitusi Tepung Sorgum
Authors: Rahmawati Yuniarti Dewi , Wahyani Anggray Duvita
Published: August 2022

Tepung sorgum dapat dijadikan sebagai bahan substitusi pembuatan makanan misalnya cookies. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui sifat kimia dari cookies yang dibuat dari substitusi tepung sorgum. Metode yang dilakukan yaitu menggunakan metode eksperimental di laboratorium. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian didapatkan kadar air, protein dan karbohidrat menurun berbanding terbalik dengan bertambahnya konsentrasi tepung sorgum sedangkan kadar abunya semakin bertambah.
ANALISIS KUALITAS BIOBRIKET CANGKANG BIJI KARET DENGAN PERBEDAAN KONSENTRASI PEREKAT
Authors: Sandri Dwi , Fatimah Fatimah , Faridah Faridah
Published: August 2022

Tujuan penelitian adalah menggali potensi cankang biji karet sebagai biobriket dengan menentukan konsentrasi perekat yang optimal untuk mendapatkan biobriket yang berkualitas. Adapun perekat yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah tepung tapioka dengan perlakuan perbedaan konsentrasi 3%, 4%, 5%, dan 6%. Masing-masing perlakukan dilakukan pengulangan sebanyak 3 kali. Kualitas biobriket yang dianalisis antara lain kadar air, kadar abu, nilai kalor, kadar zat terbang, kadar karbon tetap, dan kuat tekan. Hasil analisis kualitas kemudian dibandingkan dengan standar. Adapun hasil yang diperoleh Biobriket cangkang biji karet memiliki kualitas kadar air antara 4.03% - 6.26%, kadar abu 0.80% - 1.76%, Kadar zat menguap 7.57% - 12.37%, dan Nilai kalor sebesar 7255.18 (Kal/g) – 7906.14 (Kal/g) dimana nilai ini untuk disetiap perlakuan memenuhi Standar Nasional Indonesia (SNI) briket arang, sedangkan nilai kadar karbon terikat dan kuat tekan belum memenuhi standar. Sehingga perekat 3% dapat menghasilkan biobriket yang berkualitas sesuai dengan standar briket arang yaitu, kadar air 4.49%, kadar abu 0.86%, Kadar zat terbang 9.54%, kadar karbon terikat 86.09%, dan nilai kalor sebesar 7682.53 Kalori/g.
PEMBUATAN SABUN MANDI PADAT DENGAN PENAMBAHAN EKSTRAK DAUN AVICENNIA MARINA
Authors: Pangestika Widya , Abrian Satriya , Adauwiyah Rabiatul
Published: August 2022

Avicennia marina is a type of mangrove that is widely found in the coastal areas of Pangandaran Beach. In the leaves, there are alkaloid compounds, steroids and tritepenoid which are effective as antibacterial agents, besides that there are also flavonoid compounds that are effective as antioxidants. The antioxidant content in A. marina leaves can be used as a substitute for synthetic antioxidants BHT (butylated hydroxytoluene). Making soap by utilizing the antioxidant content in A. marina leaves was needed to replace synthetic antioxidants replace synthetic antioxidants that could cause allergies to the skin and carcinogenic. In this study, solid bath soap making with the addition of A. marina leaf extract used 4 treatments, namely P1 (0% leaf extract), P2 (2,07% leaf extract), P3 (4,14% leaf extract), P4 (6,21% leaf extract). The tests carried out were physical observation, pH, hedonic, foam height and foam stability, and cleanability test. It was known that the pH of all soap treatments met the standard. The hedonic test gave the result that P2 soap was the most preferred soap, with a score of 6,85. P4 provided the lowest level of foam stability and rigidity. From the overall observation, P2 was the best formulated solid bath soap.
Своєрідність архетипу дитини в романі Едгара Л. Доктороу «Град Божий»
Authors: Бондар Наталія Юріївна
Published: August 2022

The article examines the originality of the child archetype in the novel City of God by Edgar L. Doctorow. The purpose of the article is to determine the originality of the archetype of the child in the novel City of God by E.L. Doctorow in an individual author’s interpretation, taking into account the historical content. The comprehensive research methodology has been used in the work: the synthesis of the comparative historical method, holistic analysis, elements of mythopoetic and hermeneutic methods. Poststructuralist approaches are taken into account, as well as the “close reading” technique. In the novel City of God, at the level of the child archetype, the idea of the existential tragedy of being is embodied as a traumatic but necessary reminder of the ethical imperfection of humanity. Also, the archetype of the child includes a biblical component, which gives it a symbolic significance in the literary paradigm of the early 21st century. The novel shows images of children not only in different time planes, but also with different archetypal loads. The name of the child standing at the center of the story, Yehoshua, is associated with a variant of the name of Jesus, but this is not the name given to him at birth. The real Yehoshua was sacrificed to the world Chaos, and his name saves the life of another boy, the future father of Sarah Blumenthal, that is, a rethinking of death and rebirth takes place “for his friends”. The archetypal components are also rethought, and by the grace of adults, the child loses his/her childhood and – often – even the life. The world appears to be cruel and ruthless towards the child. But thanks to the wise instructions of the “mentors” (firstly the parents, then the tailor, Barbanel) and the strength of his character, the boy experiences the horrors of war. Sarah Blumenthal’s children are the embodiment of the traditional understanding of the child as a carefully nurtured sprout of the future. In this case, the archetype of the child is presented in its general cultural meaning, which expresses purity and hope for the future. The author's intentions are aimed at revealing the tragic side of modernity, when even the wisest adult Mentor is not always able to save a child from the cruel trials of real life. God died, and the sacred interpretation of childhood died, too.
Гендерні сопозиції, що відносяться до осіб, в ліриці Марлени Рахліної
Authors: Гончарова Жанна Миколаївна
Published: August 2022

The analysis of grammatical units, the basis of which is the category of gender of nouns is given. These units denote living beings that have gender correlates. The article examines the functioning of gender correlates referred to persons based on the lyric works by Marlena Rakhlina.

The object of analysis is morphological categories in Rakhlina’s poetry. The subject of the research is gender juxtapositions related to persons in poems by Rakhlina. The poetic potential of linguistic units in literary functioning is revealed by means of the functional method; the distributive method made it possible to consider morphological units in a poetic text based on contextual correlation and compatibility; with the help of context-interpretation analysis morphological ways of implementing the author's intention to create poetic meaning are characterized.

Among the nouns referred to living beings in the lyrics by Rakhlina gender correlates that denote persons are presented. Four different types of such gender correlates have been revealed. Gender semantics is realized in pairs of one-root personal substantives with derivational suffixes of feminine gender; in gender correlates, systemically reflecting family relationships; in opposites that denote various age groups; in oppositional pairs, expressed in different parts of speech. The types of gender juxtapositions identified in the poems by Rakhlina can be expressed in different parts of speech and reflect the meanings of not only unification in a married couple or a pair of lovers, but also unification along the same type of people. Such consolidation quite often indicates family relationships between the lyric character of the poem and her children, which go through different age phases. The materials of this article can be used in classes on grammar and stylistics of the Russian language.
«Щастя треба будувати»: філософська трансформація образу дому в оповіданні «Історія Якимового будинку» В. Винниченка
Authors: Матвєєва Ольга Олексіївна
Published: August 2022

The article examines the artistic concept of happiness in the story “A Story about Yakim’s House” by V. Vynnychenko and considers the logic of the phased implementation of the theory of building a harmonious, i.e. happy marriage, actualized in the writer’s early diary entries. The research of them helps to determine that the author connects happiness as a fundamental ontological concept with the social institution of marriage, he reveals the problem of happy / unhappy family unions, which he subsequently projects onto the artistic and figurative plane and represents in “A Story about Yakim’s House”. It is noted that this story represents the writer’s artistic experiment to the project of a new family form. A range of factors enables the legitimization of the “free marriage” idea as a way to overcome disharmony and the determinants of the alternative scenario embodiment. Firstly, the traditional Christian morality and sacred commandments have to be rethought, since in a free union of spouses life should be regulated by a new morality and new ethical standards of behavior, in particular by the “honesty with oneself” idea as a result of harmonious coordination of rational and emotional principles. Secondly, the idea of the traditional marriage reforming begins with the recognition of female freedom, equality and independence, as well as her professional self-realization. Thirdly, the creation of a renewed family is determined by the option of an individual’s self-improvement, self-development and self-construction (“build yourself”), due to the balancing of the person’s inner world to establish harmonious relationships. According to these ideas, the writer criticizes marriage as an economic project. It is found that V.Vynnychenko’s “theory of happiness buildings”, which will later define his concordist ontological project, programs the restoration of balance in the “individual – nature” and “personality – society” systems through the vitality actualization and integration into the society.
ЧИСЛІВНИК ЯК ЕЛІТНИЙ КОМПОНЕНТ КОМУНІКАЦІЇ У СУЧАСНОМУ ПРОФЕСІЙНОМУ ІНФОРМАЦІЙНОМУ ПРОСТОРІ
Authors: Колеснікова Ірина Анатоліївна
Published: August 2022

The article is devoted to the problem of normative and use of numerals in the information space (professional communication, communication in the media and everyday contacts). Attention is drawn to the consistently large number of errors in the functioning of this part of speech, analysed violations of the literary norm in numerals at the phonetic, accentual and morphological levels, provides typical errors and recommendations for their correction and prevention. The relevance of the study of this linguistic pathology is that the numerator occupies one of the first places in the register of non-normative use of linguistic units of modern Ukrainian literary language, although it is semantically limited exact lexical unit that expresses such an important conceptual category as quantitative. Violations related to this part of the language distort the content of the message, leading to significant errors in many areas of professional communication, where accuracy and completeness are paramount. In addition, they can cause negative consequences in the real technological process in production. Such non-normative use does not contribute to the establishment and development of normal communication of communicators at the household level, when there is a need for specific dosed information, and sometimes even becomes a lingual tool of fraudulent spheres. Theoretical postulates on the functioning of numerals do not sufficiently regulate the oral aspect of its use. Although these rules are not complicated and can be easily assimilated by native speakers, the number of errors in this part of the language not only does not decrease, but, conversely, increases exponentially. This, of course, requires the immediate intervention of linguists.

The article provides brief recommendations for mastering certain grammatical categories that characterize this part of speech and allow you to easily get rid of negative lingual habits. Particular emphasis is placed on the specifics of the functioning of numerals in professional communication, as they are one of the main applicants in the professional field, including special text. Knowledge of language and literary norms is an important element of the linguistic portrait of a specialist, which is an important tool of competition in the modern world.
The Relationship of Leukocyte and Neutrophil Count, C-Reactive Protein, and Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate With the Severity of Childhood Pneumonia Without Conjugated Pneumococcal Vaccine Use
Authors: Rahmati Mohammad Bagher
Published: August 2022

Background: Pneumonia is one of the leading causes of diseases in children that remains a serious threat. This study aimed to investigate the laboratory and inflammatory markers in children with pneumonia and their relationship with the severity of the disease. Materials and Methods: This retrospective descriptive-cross-sectional study included 400 children with pneumonia patients, aged 1 month to 12 years, who were referred to Bandar Abbass Children’s Hospital. In this study, the severity of the disease was compared with variables such as age, gender, white blood cell (WBC) count, neutrophil percentage, erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), and community-acquired pneumonia (CAP). Results: Of the 400 people who participated in the survey, 57.5% and 42.5% of cases were males and females, respectively. The mean age of the studied patients was 16.53±21.57 months. There was no significant relationship between the severity of pneumonia and leukocyte count, neutrophil count, and inflammatory markers (P>0.05). Conclusion: Based on the findings, the severity of the disease was mild to moderate in 90% of patients. ESR, C-reactive protein (CRP), leukocyte count, and neutrophil count were not significantly associated with the severity of pneumonia in children (P>0.05).
An Easy New Modified Method for Detection of Antibacterial Susceptibility in Biofilm-Growing Bacteria
Authors: Faridi Foroogh , Bahador Nima , Shoja Saeed , Abbasi Sahar
Published: August 2022

Background: Biofilms are a major challenge in treating infections. Clinically, biofilms are often associated with chronic infections, so rapid and accurate methods of investigating the antibiotic susceptibility of biofilm bacteria are very important for faster diagnosis and treatment. In this study, a new modified microplate method was proposed to evaluate the antibiotic susceptibility of alive bacteria in the biofilm. Materials and Methods: The study was conducted on clinical isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and standard strain over a period of one year. The susceptibility test was conducted according to a modified version of the Calgary biofilm device method. In the last step, to study the living bacteria in the biofilm, oxidative-fermentative (OF) medium was used to measure the acid production following the use of glucose by the bacteria. The biofilm-growing bacteria was determined by observing the color changing and also measuring optical density (OD) at 427 nm of OF medium. Results: The method in this study could evaluate the effect of antibiotics on biofilm bacteria based on glucose metabolism. The results indicated that this method can quickly and easily identify alive bacteria in biofilm at a low cost and without the need for any special devices. Conclusion: Although biofilms are involved in most incurable clinical cases, there is currently no guideline to assist physicians in treating biofilm-related infections. Therefore, it is necessary to establish a specific sensitivity test for biofilm or to approve a new method for routine use in diagnostic laboratories.
SELECCIÓN DE GENOTIPOS DE FRIJOL POR RENDIMIENTO Y RESISTENCIA AL MOSAICO DORADO Y SUELOS ÁCIDOS
Authors: Villar-Sánchez Bernardo , López-Salinas Ernesto , Acosta-Gallegos Jorge
Published: August 2022

Este estudio se hizo para seleccionar genotipos de frijol (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) de alto potencial de rendimiento y resistencia a mosaico dorado y a suelos ácidos, a partir de un ensayo uniforme de 16 genotipos en 15 localidades de prueba de la región conocida como Depresión Central del estado de Chiapas durante los años 1997 a 2000. Se evaluó el rendimiento y la estabilidad del rendimiento complementado con un tamizado para resistencia a mosaico dorado y para suelos ácidos. Los resultados indicaron diferencias altamente significativas para localidades, genotipos y para su interacción. Se identifico a los genotipos DOR 445 y DOR 454 con las características buscadas de alto potencial de rendimiento, estabilidad y resistencia a mosaico dorado y suelos ácidos, por lo que fueron considerados genotipos potenciales para ser liberados como nuevas variedades.
DOSIS DE NITRÓGENO Y NÚMERO DE RIEGOS EN EL RENDIMIENTO Y CALIDAD DE LA SEMILLA DE ALGODÓN
Authors: Palomo-Gil Arturo , Gaytán-Mascorro Arturo , Espinoza-Banda Armando , Martínez-Agüero Héctor Javier , Jasso-Cantú Diana
Published: August 2022

El objetivo del presente trabajo fue determinar el efecto del número de riegos de auxilio y de la dosis de nitrógeno (N) sobre el rendimiento y calidad de la semilla de algodón (Gossypium hirsutum L.). En la variedad CIAN Precoz se evaluaron cuatro niveles de N (0, 80, 160 y 200 kg ha-1) y tres tratamientos de riegos de auxilio (dos, tres y cuatro riegos), en cuanto a su efecto en el rendimiento de algodón pluma y de semilla, y en la calidad de la semilla, con base en el porcentaje de germinación estándar, la prueba de envejecimiento acelerado, la longitud de radícula y el peso seco de plántulas. Los resultados mostraron que los rendimientos de pluma y semilla se incrementaron a medida que se aumentó el número de riegos. Las dosis de N aumentaron el rendimiento de semilla, pero éste fue el mismo con dosis de 80 y 200 kg de N ha-1. El número de riegos y la dosis de N no afectaron la calidad de la semilla.