bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Soil aggregation according to the dynamics of carbon and nitrogen in soil under different cropping systems
Authors: Seben Junior Getulio de Freitas , Corá José Eduardo , Lal Rattan
Published: December 2016

Abstract The objective of this work was to evaluate total soil carbon and nitrogen, as well as their contents in particulate and mineral-associated C fractions; to determine C stock and sequestration rates in the soil; and to verify the effect of C and N contents on soil aggregation, using different crop rotations and crop sequences under no-tillage. The study was carried out for nine years in a clayey Oxisol. The treatments consisted of different cropping systems formed by the combination of three summer crops (cropped until March) - corn (Zea mays) monocropping, soybean (Glycine max) monocropping, and soybean/corn rotation - and seven second crops (crop successions). Soil samples were taken at the 0.00-0.10-m layer for physical fractionation of C and N, and to determine soil aggregation by the wet method. Soybean monocropping increased C and N in particulate C fraction, while the crop systems with corn monocropping x pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan), corn monocropping x sun hemp (Crotalaria juncea), and soybean monocropping x corn as a crop succession increased total C in the soil. Greater rates of soil C sequestration were observed with soybean/corn rotation and with soybean monocropping, as well as with sun hemp as a second crop. The increase in total N increases soil C stock. Soil aggregation was most affected at particulate C fraction. Increases in soil N promote C addition to particulate fraction and enhance soil aggregation.
Use of medicines and other products for therapeutic purposes among children in Brazil
Authors: Pizzol Tatiane da Silva Dal , Tavares Noemia Urruth Leão , Bertoldi Andréa Dâmaso , Farias Mareni Rocha , Arrais Paulo Sergio Dourado , Ramos Luiz Roberto , Oliveira Maria Auxiliadora , Luiza Vera Lucia , Mengue Sotero Serrate
Published: December 2016

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE To assess the prevalence of the use of medicines and other products for therapeutic purposes in the Brazilian pediatric population and test whether demographic, socioeconomic and health factors are associated with use. METHODS A cross-sectional population-based study (National Survey on Access, Use and Promotion of Rational Use of Medicines – PNAUM), including 7,528 children aged 12 or younger, living in urban areas in Brazil. Medicine use to treat chronic or acute diseases was reported by the primary caregiver present at the household interview. Associations between independent variables and medicine use were investigated by Poisson regression. RESULTS The overall prevalence of medicine use was 30.7% (95%CI 28.3–33.1). The prevalence of medicine use for chronic diseases was 5.6% (95%CI 4.7–6.7) and for acute conditions, 27.1% (95%CI 24.8–29.4). The factors significantly associated with overall use were five years old or under, living in the Northeast region, having health insurance and using health services in the last 12 months (emergency visits and hospitalizations). The following were associated with drug use for chronic diseases: age ≥ 2 years, Southeast and South regions, and use of health services. For drug use in treating acute conditions, the following associated factors were identified: ≤ 5 years, North, Northeast or Midwest regions, health insurance, and one or more emergency visits. The most commonly used drugs among children under two years of age were paracetamol, ascorbic acid, and dipyrone; for children aged two years or over they were dipyrone, paracetamol, and amoxicillin. CONCLUSIONS The use of medicine by children is considerable, especially in treating acute medical conditions. Children using drugs for chronic diseases have a different demographic profile from those using drugs for acute conditions in relation to gender, age, and geographic region.
Prevalence of self-medication in Brazil and associated factors
Authors: Arrais Paulo Sérgio Dourado , Fernandes Maria Eneida Porto , Pizzol Tatiane da Silva Dal , Ramos Luiz Roberto , Mengue Sotero Serrate , Luiza Vera Lucia , Tavares Noemia Urruth Leão , Farias Mareni Rocha , Oliveira Maria Auxiliadora , Bertoldi Andréa Dâmaso
Published: December 2016

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE To analyze the prevalence and associated factors regarding the use of medicines by self-medication in Brazil. METHODS This cross-sectional population-based study was conducted using data from the PNAUM (National Survey on Access, Use and Promotion of Rational Use of Medicines), collected between September 2013 and February 2014 by interviews at the homes of the respondents. All people who reported using any medicines not prescribed by a doctor or dentist were classified as self-medication practitioners. Crude and adjusted prevalence ratios (Poisson regression) and their respective 95% confidence intervals were calculated in order to investigate the factors associated with the use of self-medication by medicines. The independent variables were: sociodemographic characteristics, health conditions and access to and use of health services. In addition, the most commonly consumed medicines by self-medication were individually identified. RESULTS The self-medication prevalence in Brazil was 16.1% (95%CI 15.0–17.5), with it being highest in the Northeast region (23.8%; 95%CI 21.6–26.2). Following the adjusted analysis, self-medication was observed to be associated with females, inhabitants from the North, Northeast and Midwest regions and individuals that have had one, or two or more chronic diseases. Analgesics and muscle relaxants were the therapeutic groups most used for self-medication, with dipyrone being the most consumed medicines. In general, most of the medicines used for self-medication were classified as non-prescriptive (65.5%). CONCLUSIONS Self-medication is common practice in Brazil and mainly involves the use of non-prescription medicines; therefore, the users of such should be made aware of the possible risks.
Free access to medicines for the treatment of chronic diseases in Brazil
Authors: Tavares Noemia Urruth Leão , Luiza Vera Lucia , Oliveira Maria Auxiliadora , Costa Karen Sarmento , Mengue Sotero Serrate , Arrais Paulo Sergio Dourado , Ramos Luiz Roberto , Farias Mareni Rocha , Pizzol Tatiane da Silva Dal , Bertoldi Andréa Dâmaso
Published: December 2016

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE To analyze the free access to medicines for the treatment of chronic diseases in the Brazilian population, according to demographic and socioeconomic factors. We also analyzed the most used pharmacological groups, according to funding source: free-of-charge or out-of-pocket paid. METHODS Analysis of data from the Pesquisa Nacional sobre Acesso, Utilização e Promoção do Uso Racional de Medicamentos (PNAUM – National Survey on Access, Use and Promotion of Rational Use of Medicines), a population-based household survey, of cross-sectional design, based on probabilistic sample of the Brazilian population. We analyzed as outcome the prevalence of free access (free-of-charge) to all medicines for treatment of the reported chronic diseases, in the last 30 days. We studied the following independent variables: sex, age group, education in complete years of school, economic class, health plan, and geographical region of residence. We estimated the prevalences and 95% confidence intervals (95%CI) and applied the Pearson’s Chi-squared test to assess the differences between the groups, considering a 5% significance level. RESULTS About half of adults and older adults who have had full access to the treatment of chronic diseases in Brazil obtained all needed medicines for free (47.5%; 95%CI 45.1–50.0). The prevalences of free access were higher among men (51.4%; 95%CI 48.1–54.8), age group of 40-59 years (51.1%; 95%CI 48.1–54.2), and in the poorest social classes (53.9%; 95%CI 50.2–57.7). The majority of medicines that act on the cardiovascular system, such as diuretics (C03) (78.0%; 95%CI 75.2–80.5), beta-blockers (C07) (62.7%; 95%CI 59.4–65.8), and the agents that work in the renin-angiotensin system (C09) (73.4%; 95%CI 70.8–75.8), were obtained for free. Medicines that act on the respiratory system, such as agents against obstructive airway diseases (R03) (60.0%; 95%CI 52.7–66.9) were mostly paid with own resources. CONCLUSIONS Free access to medicines for treatment of chronic diseases occurs to a considerable portion of the Brazilian population, especially for the poorest ones, indicating decreased socioeconomic inequalities, but with differences between regions and between some classes of medicines.
Use of generic medicines by the Brazilian population: an evaluation of PNAUM 2014
Authors: Bertoldi Andréa Dâmaso , Arrais Paulo Sergio Dourado , Tavares Noemia Urruth Leão , Ramos Luiz Roberto , Luiza Vera Lucia , Mengue Sotero Serrate , Dal-Pizzol Tatiane da Silva , Farias Mareni Rocha , Oliveira Maria Auxiliadora
Published: December 2016

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE To analyze the existence of differences in the use of generic medicines in Brazil according to demographic and socioeconomic variables and acquisition sources of the medicines. METHODS Population-based cross-sectional study, conducted with data from the Pesquisa Nacional de Acesso, Utilização e Promoção do Uso Racional de Medicamentos (PNAUM – National Survey on Access, Use and Promotion of Rational Use of Medicines). Data collection took place between September, 2013 and February, 2014 in homes of Brazilian cities (urban area). The use of medicines has been investigated in relation to the treatment of chronic diseases and, in the case of acute events, regarding use over the previous 15 days. Generics were identified by visualization of packaging presented by the users of the medicines. The independent variables used were sex, age, education level, economic class, and region of the Country. The statistical significance of differences between the groups was evaluated by Pearson’s Chi-squared test, considering a 5% significance level. RESULTS The prevalence of generic medicines use was 45.5% (95%CI 43.7–47.3). There was no difference considering education level. The prevalence was higher in females (47.0%; 95%CI 44.9–49.0) than in males (43.1%; 95%CI 40.5–45.8), and were higher with increasing age. Generic medicines were more used in the economic class C (47.0%; 95%CI 44.9–49.1) and in the South (50.6%; 95%CI 46.6–54.6) and Southeast (49.9%; 95%CI 46.8–53.0) regions. Generics accounted for 37.3% of the medicines provided by the Brazilian Unified Health System. CONCLUSIONS Currently, there is a choice of purchase or free provision by the Brazilian Unified Health System, characterized by quality assurance and reduced price regarding branded medicines considered as reference. In the private market, a considerable part of the population is choosing generic medicines thanks to the availability of this option for virtually all medicines most used by the population.
Factors associated with low adherence to medicine treatment for chronic diseases in Brazil
Authors: Tavares Noemia Urruth Leão , Bertoldi Andréa Dâmaso , Mengue Sotero Serrate , Arrais Paulo Sergio Dourado , Luiza Vera Lucia , Oliveira Maria Auxiliadora , Ramos Luiz Roberto , Farias Mareni Rocha , Pizzol Tatiane da Silva Dal
Published: December 2016

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE To analyze factors associated with low adherence to drug treatment for chronic diseases in Brazil. METHODS Analysis of data from Pesquisa Nacional sobre Acesso, Utilização e Promoção do Uso Racional de Medicamentos (PNAUM - Brazilian Survey on Access, Use and Promotion of Rational Use of Medicines), a population-based cross-sectional household survey, based on a probabilistic sample of the Brazilian population. We analyzed the association between low adherence to drug treatment measured by the Brief Medication Questionnaire and demographic, socioeconomic, health, care and prescription factors. We used Poisson regression model to estimate crude and adjusted prevalence ratios, their respective 95% confidence interval (95%CI) and p-value (Wald test). RESULTS The prevalence of low adherence to drug treatment for chronic diseases was 30.8% (95%CI 28.8-33.0). The highest prevalence of low adherence was associated with individuals: young adults; no education; resident in the Northeast and Midwest Regions of Brazil; paying part of the treatment; poor self-perceived health; three or more diseases; reported limitations caused by a chronic disease; using five drugs or more. CONCLUSIONS Low adherence to drug treatment for chronic diseases in Brazil is relevant, and regional and demographic differences and those related to patients’ health care and therapy regime require coordinated action between health professionals, researchers, managers and policy makers.
Access to and use of high blood pressure medications in Brazil
Authors: Mengue Sotero Serrate , Bertoldi Andréa Dâmaso , Ramos Luiz Roberto , Farias Mareni Rocha , Oliveira Maria Auxiliadora , Tavares Noemia Urruth Leão , Arrais Paulo Sergio Dourado , Luiza Vera Lucia , Pizzol Tatiane da Silva Dal
Published: December 2016

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE To analyze the access to and use of medicines for high blood pressure among the Brazilian population according to social and demographic conditions. METHODS Analysis of data from Pesquisa Nacional Sobre Acesso, Utilização e Promoção do Uso Racional de Medicamentos (PNAUM – National Survey on Access, Use and Promotion of Rational Use of Medicines), a nationwide cross-sectional, population-based study, with probability sampling, carried out between September 2013 and February 2014 in urban households in the five Brazilian regions. The study evaluated the access and use of medicines to treat people with high blood pressure. The independent variables were gender, age, socioeconomic status and Brazilian region. The study also described the most commonly used drugs and the percentage of people treated with one, two, three or more drugs. Point estimations and confidence intervals were calculated considering the sample weights and sample complex plan. RESULTS Prevalence of high blood pressure was 23.7% (95%CI 22.8–24.6). Regarding people with this condition, 93.8% (95%CI 92.8–94.8) had indication for drug therapy and, of those, 94.6% (95%CI 93.5–95.5) were using the medication at the time of interview. Full access to medicines was 97.9% (95%CI 97.3–98.4); partial access, 1.9% (95%CI 1.4–2.4); and no access, 0.2% (95%CI 0.1–0.4). The medication used to treat high blood pressure, 56.0% (95%CI 52.6–59.2) were obtained from SUS (Brazilian Unified Health System), 16.0% (95%CI 14.3–17.9) from Popular Pharmacy Program, 25.7% (95%CI 23.4–28.2) were paid for by the patients themselves and 2.3% (95%CI 1.8–2.9) were obtained from other locations. The five most commonly used drugs were, in descending order, hydrochlorothiazide, losartan, captopril, enalapril and atenolol. Of the total number of patients on treatment, 36.1% (95%CI 34.1–37.1) were using two medicines and 13.5% (95%CI 12.3–14.9) used three or more. CONCLUSIONS Access to medicines for the treatment of high blood pressure may be considered high and many of them are available free of charge. The most commonly used drugs are among those recommended as first-line treatment for high blood pressure control. The percentage of people using more than one drug seems to follow the behavior observed in other countries.
National Survey on Access, Use and Promotion of Rational Use of Medicines (PNAUM): household survey component methods
Authors: Mengue Sotero Serrate , Bertoldi Andréa Dâmaso , Boing Alexandra Crispim , Tavares Noemia Urruth Leão , Pizzol Tatiane da Silva Dal , Oliveira Maria Auxiliadora , Arrais Paulo Sérgio Dourado , Ramos Luiz Roberto , Farias Mareni Rocha , Luiza Vera Lucia , Bernal Regina Tomie Ivata , Barros Aluísio Jardim Dornellas de
Published: December 2016

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE To describe methodological aspects of the household survey National Survey on Access, Use and Promotion of Rational Use of Medicines (PNAUM) related to sampling design and implementation, the actual obtained sample, instruments and fieldwork. METHODS A cross-sectional, population-based study with probability sampling in three stages of the population living in households located in Brazilian urban areas. Fieldwork was carried out between September 2013 and February 2014. The data collection instrument included questions related to: information about households, residents and respondents; chronic diseases and medicines used; use of health services; acute diseases and events treated with drugs; use of contraceptives; use of pharmacy services; behaviors that may affect drug use; package inserts and packaging; lifestyle and health insurance. RESULTS In total, 41,433 interviews were carried out in 20,404 households and 576 urban clusters corresponding to 586 census tracts distributed in the five Brazilian regions, according to eight domains defined by age and gender. CONCLUSIONS The results of the survey may be used as a baseline for future studies aiming to assess the impact of government action on drug access and use. For local studies using a compatible method, PNAUM may serve as a reference point to evaluate variations in space and population. With a comprehensive evaluation of drug-related aspects, PNAUM is a major source of data for a variety of analyses to be carried out both at academic and government level.
Use of and access to oral and injectable contraceptives in Brazil
Authors: Farias Mareni Rocha , Leite Silvana Nair , Tavares Noemia Urruth Leão , Oliveira Maria Auxiliadora , Arrais Paulo Sergio Dourado , Bertoldi Andréa Dâmaso , Pizzol Tatiane da Silva Dal , Luiza Vera Lucia , Ramos Luiz Roberto , Mengue Sotero Serrate
Published: December 2016

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE To analyze the prevalence of current use of oral and injectable contraceptives by Brazilian women, according to demographic and socioeconomic variables and issues related to access to those medicines. METHODS A cross-sectional, population-based analytical study with probability sampling based on data from the Pesquisa Nacional sobre Acesso, Utilização e Promoção do Uso Racional de Medicamentos (PNAUM – National Survey on Access, Use and Promotion of Rational Use of Medicines), carried out between September 2013 and February 2014 in 20,404 Brazilian urban households. Prevalence was calculated based on reports from non-pregnant women aged 15-49 on the use of oral or injectable contraceptives. The independent variables were gender, age, level of education, socioeconomic class, Brazilian region and marital status. Also analyzed were access, means of payment, sources, and reported medicines. Statistical analyses considered 95% confidence intervals (95%CI) and Pearson Chi-square test to evaluate the statistical significance of differences between groups, considering a 5% significance level. RESULTS Prevalence of use was 28.2% for oral contraceptives (OC) and 4.5% for injectable contraceptives (IC). The highest prevalence of oral contraceptives was in the South region (37.5%) and the lowest in the North region (15.7%). For injectable contraceptives there was no difference between regions. Access was higher for oral contraceptive users (90.7%) than injectable contraceptives users (81.2%), as was direct payment (OC 78.1%, IC 58.0%). Users who paid for contraceptives acquired them at retail pharmacies (OC 95.0% and IC 86.6%) and at Farmácia Popular (Popular Pharmacy Program) (OC 4.8% and IC 12.7%). Free of charge contraceptives were mostly obtained from the Brazilian Unified Health System – SUS (OC 86.7%; IC 96.0%). Free samples were reported by 10.4% of users who did not pay for oral contraceptives. Most of paying users did not try to obtain contraceptives from SUS. Monophasic combined oral contraceptives were the most frequently reported (71.6%) and low-level levonorgestrel + ethinylestradiol combination accounted for 38.7% of them. The most frequently reported medicines are included in the Relação Nacional de Medicamentos Essenciais (RENAME – National List of Essential Medicines. CONCLUSIONS Most women aged 15 to 49 who reported using contraceptives had access to the medicine and use monophasic combined oral contraceptives of appropriate efficiency and safety purchased by direct payment, mainly from retail pharmacies.
Ectoparasites of the black-chinned siskin Spinus barbatus (Passeriformes: Fringillidae) in Chile
Authors: Fuentes-Castillo Danny , Cicchino Armando , Mironov Sergey , Moreno Lucila , Landaeta-Aqueveque Carlos , Barrientos Carlos , González-Acuña Daniel
Published: December 2016

Abstract Despite being a bird with a broad and extensive distribution in Chile, the black-chinned siskin, Spinus barbatus Molina, 1782 is not well studied in relation to its parasites. This paper aims to describe the ectoparasite fauna of S. barbatus in central and southern Chile. A total of 125 individuals caught with mist nets were examined alive; a total of 22 parasites were found dead and were exposed to parasit autopsy. The extracted parasites were preserved in 70% alcohol for subsequent mounting and identification. Ectoparasites were found in 56 black-chinned siskins (38%); 48 of them (33%) had 870 mites – 680 feather mites (Astigmata: Analgoidea) were identified as Proctophyllodes spini, 167 as Knemidokoptes jamaicensis, 19 as Strelkoviacarus critesi, and one as Analges passerinus. Moreover, three mites were chiggers belonging to the tribe Schoengastiini (Prostigmata: Trombiculidae). In 21 birds (14%), 54 lice were found, 21 of which were identified as Philopterus roehreri, 18 as Myrsidea serini, and 15 as Ricinus carolynae. Endoparasites were not found in the necropsied individuals. All of the parasites that were found represent new records for Chile, and they also serve as new records of host–parasite associations for S. barbatus.
Assessment of different Lippia sidoides genotypes regarding their acaricidal activity against Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus
Authors: Soares Alexandra Martins dos Santos , Penha Tatiane Aranha , Araújo Sandra Alves de , Cruz Elizangela Mércia Oliveira , Blank Arie Fitzgerald , Costa-Junior Livio Martins
Published: December 2016

Abstract The aim of this study was to select different genotypes of Lippia sidoides with the highest activity against larvae and engorged females of the tick Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus. The germplasms studied were LSID006, LSID102, LSID103 and LSID104. The LSID104 genotype, that presented carvacrol as a major constituent, was the germplasm with the worst larvicide effect (LC50 2.99 mg/mL). The LSID006 genotype was the least effective against engorged females (LC50 12.46 mg/mL), and it was chemically similar to the LSID102 genotype, which presented the highest acaricide activity (LC50 2.81 mg/mL). We conclude that chemical similarity of the germplasms was not correlated with acaricide activity against R. (B.) microplus. The essential oil of L. sidoides is a potent natural agent. However, the findings of this work provide a better understanding for product development based on this natural product, which must consider synergic effects or the action of minor compounds.
Saúde Emocional: a importância de Planejar a Aposentadoria
Authors: Silva Rodrigo Sinnott , Rodrigues Nerielene Dourado
Published: December 2016

Este trabalho tem por objetivo analisar a autoavaliação emocional para aposentadoria e a percepção ante os programas de preparação e apoio à aposentadoria. A metodologia adotada foi um estudo de pesquisa de campo quantitativa transversal, realizada na Faculdade Anhanguera LTDA da cidade do Rio Grande, em que o público alvo foi os professores da instituição. Utilizou-se de um questionário composto por 15 questões referentes aos fatores psicossociais, programas de preparação e apoio para aposentadoria – PPA. A população estudada, professores da faculdade, ainda não possui uma opinião formada em relação à aposentadoria ser um fator de risco à saúde emocional, mas têm interesse em participar dos programas. A aposentadoria é um momento de mudanças e fica claro que mexe com as pessoas, mesmo com aquelas maisresistentes.
Study on the Conflicts between Work and Family at the Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Iran
Authors: Kebriaei Ali , Abedizadeh Fatemeh , Sharifian Teyebehsadat
Published: December 2016

With both professional and personal responsibilities, employees often conflict when reconciling the demands of family and work. The study aimed to investigate whether work to family conflict experienced by employees of Kashan University of medical sciences differed from family to work conflict.A cross sectional study was carried out in 2014. A random sample of 202 employees in the four schools affiliated with Kashan University of medical sciences located in central of Iran was selected and responded to items of the questionnaires using a 7-point Likert scale. Work-family conflict was measured using Carlson et al.’s 18 items scale. Higher values indicate higher levels of work to family conflict and family to work conflict. Analysis was carried out using SPSS 16.Employees experienced work-family conflict in the two directions. Work to family conflict with mean of 31.5510.68 was significantly (t=9.87, P<0.001) more than family to work conflict with 25.588.77. They experienced different time-, strain-, and behavior-based work to family conflicts than time-, strain-, and behavior-based family to work conflicts (P<0.01).Work to family conflict was more than family to work conflict. Therefore, University authorities should try to improve working conditions through changing the working culture and re-looking into their work structure and employment policies to moderate the experience of work to family conflicts encountered by the employees.
VELASCO, Suzana. Imigração na União Europeia: uma leitura crítica a partir do nexo entre securitização, cidadania e identidade transnacional. Campina Grande: Eduepb, 2013. 188p.
Authors: Afonso da Silva Daniel
Published: December 2016

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O papel da teologia moral na formação da consciência dos juízes na América do século XVII * The formative role of moral theology in the judges’ conscience in seventeenth-century America
Authors: Violante Mariângela Célia Ramos
Published: December 2016

Este artigo busca analisar, a partir das obras Tratado de la Justicia y el Derecho de Domingo de Soto, Arte legal para el estudio de la Iurisprudencia de Francisco Bermúdez de Pedraza e Perfecto confessor y cura de almas de Juan Machado de Chaves, publicadas entre os séculos XVI e XVII, os elementos da doutrina católica que compunham um saber formador da consciência dos juízes, propondo, com base na reflexão proveniente do conceito koselleckiano de Bildung, que a relação entre a teologia moral e o direito era fundamental para a administração da justiça na América hispânica.
GÓMEZ, Antonio Castillo. Livros e Leituras na Espanha do Século de Ouro. Tradução Cláudio Giordano. Cotia, SP: Ateliê Editorial, 2014. 208 p.
Authors: Ripe Fernando , Dillmann Mauro
Published: December 2016

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Nacionalismo social, corporativismo fascista e "autoritarismo instrumental" no pensamento de Oliveira Vianna * Social nationalism, fascist corporatism and “autoritarismo instrumental” in the thought of Oliveira Vianna
Authors: Gentile Fabio
Published: December 2016

O objetivo desse trabalho é fornecer novos elementos de reflexão sobre a complexa relação entre corporativismo fascista e “autoritarismo instrumental” no pensamento de Oliveira Vianna, para explicar de forma mais satisfatória como ele organizou na década de 1930 sua apropriação do modelo corporativo fascista em função de organizar o nacional-desenvolvimentismo durante a “Era Vargas”. Será também uma maneira de abrir um diálogo entre o debate sobre o fascismo como “fenômeno em andamento” e o processo de “circulação compartilhada” de ideias em nível global entre as duas guerras mundiais.
"En la patria de Perón, ni judío ni masón”. Aproximaciones a la cultura politica de la derecha peronista en los años setenta. * "Na pátria de Peron, nem judeu nem maçon”. Aproximações à cultura política da direita peronista nos anos setenta
Authors: Besoky Juan Luis
Published: December 2016

En este artículo analizo la cultura política de un sector de derecha del Movimiento peronista, entre los años 1973 y 1976, durante la presidencia de Juan Domingo Perón y su esposa María Estela Martínez de Perón. Con el retorno del peronismo al poder en 1973, luego de 18 años de proscripción y persecuciones, se hizo visible el enfrentamiento entre los dos sectores del Movimiento. Por un lado el sector de izquierda, denominado "Tendencia Revolucionaria" y hegemonizado por la organización Montoneros, que concebía la lucha armada como metodología, el peronismo como identidad y el socialismo como objetivo. Y por otro lado, el sector de derecha, que rechazaba cualquier tipo de vínculo entre peronismo y socialismo, al mismo tiempo que enfatizaba el carácter anticomunista, antiliberal y antisemita del peronismo. En este último sector ubico a organizaciones como la Concentración Nacional Universitaria, la Juventud Sindical Peronista, la Juventud Peronista de la República Argentina, la Alianza Libertadora Nacionalista y el Comando de Organización. A través del análisis de sus publicaciones y de sus prácticas políticas describo los principales elementos que componían esta cultura política que concebía al peronismo como un movimiento nacionalista.
Polymorphisms in Hsp90ab1 gene and their association with heattolerance in Sahiwal and Karan Fries cows
Authors: Gupta I.D. , Sailo Lalrengpuii , Verma Archana , Das Ramendra , Chaudhari M.V. , Singh Sohanvir
Published: December 2016

Heat shock protein functions as a molecular chaperone and plays an important role in thermotolerance. The study was undertaken to identify single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of Hsp90ab1 gene by comparative sequencing and to analyze their association with thermo-physiological parameters, viz. respiration rate (RR), rectal temperature (RT) and heat tolerance coefficient (HTC) in different seasons, viz. winter, spring and summer, at probable extreme hours of the day in Sahiwal and Karan Fries cows. The RR, RT and HTC in summers were significantly (P£0.01) higher than the other two seasons. Polymorphism of Hsp90ab1 gene, evaluated by comparative sequencing revealed six SNPs, viz. T17871421C, C17871485del, C17872061T, T17872112C, T17872148G and A17872199C, two each located in exon 8, intron 10 and exon 11. SNP loci T17871421C and C17871485del were found to be monomorphic for allele C and Deletion (-) respectively in experimental population. Individuals with AA genotype showed significantly (P £0.01) lower RR than AC genotype. While, individuals with CT genotype recorded significantly (P £ 0.01) lower RT than CC genotype. Therefore, it is inferred that propagation of AA and CT genotypes may be an aid to selection and breeding programmes to enhance thermo-tolerance in dairy cattle.
Breeding efficiency of Crossbred cattle and Murrah buffaloes at organized dairy farm
Authors: Raina* Varinder , Narang Raman , Malhotra Puneet , Kaur Simarjeet , Dubey P.P. , Tekam Shashi , Dash S.K.
Published: December 2016

A total of 1474 and 1935 production and reproduction records of crossbred cattle and Murrah buffaloes from the year 1992 to 2012 were utilized in the present study to investigate breeding efficiency (BE) and various performance traits. Breeding efficiency was calculated using Wilcox and Tomar methods and Least –squares of Harvey model was used to study the effects of various non-genetic factors (period, season) on breeding efficiency. Average breeding efficiency of Crossbred cattle was 82.31 ± 0.97% ranging from 75% to 85% by Wilcox method and 98.14 ± 1.09% ranging from 95% to 99% by Tomar method. Average breeding efficiency of buffaloes was 78.03 ± 1.01% ranging from 69% to 84% by Wilcox method and 78.39 ± 0.39% ranging from 74% to 80% by Tomar method under the management conditions. Breeding efficiency correlated positively with weight at calving, milk yield 305 days and milk yield complete in Crossbred cattle and Murrah buffaloes by both methods. The effect of period was significant( less than 0.01) on the breeding efficiency by Wilcox method and non-significant by Tomar method in Crossbred cattle. The effect of season was non-significant on breeding efficiency by both methods in crossbred cattle. In Murrah buffaloes the effect of period was significant( less than 0.01) on the breeding efficiency by both methods while the effect season was significant( less than 0.05) on breeding efficiency by Tomar method and non significant by Wilcox method. Therefore it is imperative to emphasis improvement in the husbandry practices and the introduction of genetic evaluation programmes at the same time.
Effect of probiotics on immunological status of giant freshwater prawn(macrobrachium rosenbergii de Man)
Authors: Jakhar Vijayanti , Sihag R. C. , Gahlawat S. K.
Published: December 2016

The present study was aimed to investigate hemocyte count in giant freshwater prawn (Macrobrachium rosenbergii de Man) after being fed with different supplements. Immunological status of an animal is reflected with the result of its hematological profile. Freshwater prawns are more prone to infections by several pathogens which influence the immunity of the affected individuals. The effect of two probiotics on hemocyte count was studied over a period of eight weeks. The level of hemocyte count decreased significantly in the blood of prawns administered with pathogenic organisms died after three weeks. The level of count of hemocyte showed significant increase in the blood of giant freshwater prawn treated with probiotics alone verses control and also in prawn administered with pathogenic organisms verses probiotics revealed that probiotic 1 was more effective than probiotic 2.
Effect of rhizobium inoculation on juvenile growth ofProsopis cineraria (L.) Druce at nursery stage
Authors: Kumari Sushil , Bardhwaj K.K. , Dhillon S.S. , Bangrawa K.S. , Kaushik N.K.
Published: December 2016

Prosopis cineraria (L.) Druce is a large genus comprising of more than 44 species and found distributed throughout the arid and semiarid region of world. Differences on growth parameters of 20 different seeds sources of P. cineraria were assessed in polyethylene bags under nursery conditions at Hisar. These sources were inoculated with three Rhizobium strain viz., VRF-76, Ca-181 and Mf-23a. The seeds of P. cinerearia collected from different seed sources had considerable variation for different growth parameters. All the tested Rhizobium strains responded for different parameters but strains Ca-181 was found significantly superior for majority of parameters. It was followed by Rhizobium Mf-=23a. However the VRF-76 strain was least effective. The significantly highest collar diameter was recorded in seed source RWC inoculated with strain Ca-181. Maximum root length (47.3 cm) was recorded in strains Ca-181 inoculated seed source (NNV-3) whereas a significant reduced root length was recorded in VRf-76 inoculated seed sources. Seed sources NNV-2, MV-3 NNV-3 and RTG were found having higher mean root length. Inoculations with either of Rhizobium strains significantly increase the shoot length in comparison to control. Maximum shoot length was recorded in the seed source MV-3 inoculated with Rhizobium strain Ca-181. Seed sources NNV-2, MV-3, NNV-3CAZRI and RTG had higher mean shoot length. These seed sources had good compatibility with Rhizobium strain Ca-181 and Mf-23a.
Relationship of flowering pattern and pollen sterility on productivity of chickpea genotypes under temperature regimes
Authors: Kiran* B.A. , Dore M. Venkatesh , Megha B.R.
Published: December 2016

Three chickpea genotypes (Annigeri-1, JG-11 and JG-14), with five dates of sowings (40th to 48th standard meteorological week (SMW) with an interval of two weeks) were evaluated in field to study the effect of temperature regimes on pollen sterility per cent (%), phenological characters and productivity. Pollen sterility per cent increased significantly from D1 to D3 dates of sowing and then decreased towards D5 date of sowing. JG-14 and JG-11 recorded less pollen sterility as compared to Annigeri-1 at all the dates of sowing. When the low temperature around 9.7 oC to 11.0 oC the pollen sterility per cent was increased (44 to 62 %). The third date of sowing was showed significantly greater duration of flowering (25, 32 and 32 days), total number of flowers (225, 195 and 97) produced with respect to the genotypes (Annigeri-1, JG-11 and JG-14) and longer cool season during flowering produced average number of flowers per day per plant (9.00, 6.09 and 3.03), with optimum flowers to pod ratio (3.42, 2.60 and 1.39). Accumulation of more heat units measure (GDD, 1735) untill physiological maturity helps to get a higher yield (28.52 q per hectare) with a test weight of 19.6 g and more number of pods and seeds per plant.
Involvement of rural youth in agricultural activities in Ludhiana district of Punjab, India
Authors: Rani Anshu , Rampal* V.K.
Published: December 2016

The study aimed at specifying the involvement of rural youth in agricultural activities. The rural youth were actively involved in production and marketing activities bit empirical data to support it was lacking on their participation. The study has been conducted on a sample of 120 rural youth who were already engaged in agriculture from randomly selected six village of Ludhiana district. The data was collected through personal interview schedule. The interview schedule composed of two parts: one for personal characteristics and, the second, information about their involvement in agricultural activities in different crops. The schedule consisted of common field activities. Against each activity, it was designed to obtain responses as fully involved, partially involved/supervised and not involved. The scoring pattern was 3, 2, and 1 for fully involved, partially involved/supervised and not involved. The results revealed that the majority of the respondents were either fully involved or partially involved with regard to common agricultural activities of land preparation. Majority the respondents were fully participated in most of the major activities such as variety selection, sowing and marketing in all crops that were grown by them except in transplanting in case of paddy where they were partially involved. Again majority of them were partially involved in harvesting, disease and pest management and fertilization. Education and extension participation involvement in the cultivation of fodder were found to be positively correlated. Family type, Farming experience, Operational land holding and Extension participation were significantly and positively co-related with the involvement in summer moong, potatoes and berseem.
Effect of mulching on soil environment, microbial floraand growth of potato under field conditions
Authors: Bhagat P. , Gosal S. K. , Singh C. B.
Published: December 2016

Mulches modify hydrothermal regime, recycles plant nutrients, promote crop development and increase yields. The impact of straw mulch and different doses of recommended nitrogen was studied on soil microbial flora, soil physico-chemical properties and plant growth parameters of potato at different time intervals under field conditions. Maximum bacterial population (75× 107 cfu g-1 soil), plant growth promoting rhizobacteria count (63× 105 cfu g-1 soil) and fungal population (69× 103 cfu g-1 soil) were observed with the treatment having rice straw mulch @ 6 tonnes/ha and 100% N-level while diazotrophic count (42× 105 cfu g-1 soil) was found with treatment having mulch (6t) but no nitrogen fertilizer at 30 DAS. Mulched soil samples gave statistically higher microbial population. The soil pH and the electrical conductivity of soil were not significantly affected by the different applications. A slight improvement in soil organic content was observed in mulched (0.32%) over unmulched (0.24%) soil samples at 90 DAS. The mineral nitrogen content of soil i.e. ammonical (235.2 kg/ha) and nitrate (156.8 k/ha) nitrogen were greatly affected at 90 DAS by mulching and higher doses of nitrogen fertilization. The altered microbial population helps in improving the various growth parameters of potato plants. Maximum chlorophyll content (1.84 mg/g), maximum dry root-shoot biomass (0.7 g/pl and 5.8 g/pl) and maximum yield (366.8 q/ha) were observed with the treatment having mulch and 100% N-level. It is also concluded that mulch increased the minimum soil temperature by 2-30C and lower down the maximum by 2 to 80C.
Long-term effect of treated spentwash application on growth, yield and nutrient uptake by maize under vertisols of Northern transition zone of Karnataka
Authors: Kuligodt V. B. , Rubeena C. M. , Doddamani M. B.
Published: December 2016

A field experiment was conducted in the long-term trial on treated distillery treated spentwash application established since 2003 at the Main Agricultural Research Station, UAS, Dharwad. The study was carried out during kharif 2012 to know the response of maize to long-term biomethanated treated spentwash application under Vertisols of Northern transition zone of Karnataka. Experiment consisted of seven treatments and 3 replications. Results revealed that application of 1½ recommended nitrogen through treated spentwash was superior with respect to the growth parameters like plant height, chlorophyll content and dry matter production and yield parameters like cob length, cob circumference, cob weight, number of rows per cob, number of seeds per row, number of seeds per cob and test weight. Both growth and yield parameters complemented each other in realising higher grain and stover yield. Treated spentwash application had also increased the nutrient uptake of the maize.
Genetic divergence studies on upland rice grown in Nagaland, India
Authors: . Toshimenla , Singh*1 Jogendra , Changkija Sapu
Published: December 2016

Genetic divergence was studied in a set of seventy four genotypes of upland rice by using Mahalanobis D2 statistics for yield and its contributing characters. All the characters under study showed highly significant differences among genotypes. The genotypes under study were grouped into 15 clusters. The distribution pattern indicated that maximum number of genotypes (35) were found in cluster I, followed by cluster II with 12 genotypes, whereas, minimum number of genotype (1) had cluster XV. The inter-cluster distance was greater than intra-cluster distance indicating wide genetic divergence among genotypes. The highest intra-cluster distance was revealed in cluster XIV followed by cluster XIII and cluster XI. The maximum inter-cluster distance was observed between Cluster XIV and XV, followed by Cluster V and XV. The highest cluster mean was observed for yield/plant in cluster VII; however, contributing characters viz., panicle length, panicle weight, filled grains and 100 seed weight were found in cluster XIV. Seed yield/plant was found major contributing character towards the total genetic divergence which may be utilized in selecting genetically diverse parents, especially for exploitation of heterosis.
Modeling the mite counts having overdispersion and excess values ofzero using zero-inflated generalized poisson regression
Authors: Yesilova Abdullah , Kaki Baris
Published: December 2016

The aim of this study was to apply for zero-inflated generalized Poisson regression in the modelling of mite counts that include excess values of zero and overdispersion. The results of, as mean regression, overdispersion and zero-inflated regression, were determined in three stages. It was obtained that 33.33% (120 observations) of the total numbers of mite taken as a dependent variable to model had zero values. The overdispersion parameter range was detected to be quite high. It was determined that zero-inflated data and overdispersion had an important effect on mite counts (P less than 0.01). The effects of region, month, year, varieties, temperature and humidity were found to be statistically significant on mite counts (P less than 0.01). The number of eggs found in harmful mites (Aculus schlechtendali) in the Starking variety was relatively higher than in the Golden variety. The results displayed that the differences among regions and varieties regarding the number of eggs found in harmful mites were statistically significant (P less than .01).
Performance of neem products on the storability of mungbean[Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek] seeds
Authors: A. Babariya C. , B. Patel J. , Ribadiya Ribadiya , Sondarva Jyoti K. H. , J. Bhatiya V.
Published: December 2016

The present investigation was carried out in laboratory of the Department of Seed Science and Technology, College of Agriculture, Junagadh Agricultural University, Junagadh from August, 2013 to June, 2015, wherein two kg of freshly harvested quality seed of mungbean cv. GM 4 having high germination percentage and low moisture content (below 8%) was taken for each repetition and given the treatments. The experiment was carried out using completely randomized design (CRD). After proper mixing or smearing, seeds were packed in 500 gauge polythene bags and kept in laboratory under ambient condition. Observations were recorded at bimonthly interval on germination (%), root length (cm), shoot length (cm), seedling dry weight (g), seed vigour index I, seed vigour index II and seed moisture content (%). The results indicated that all the treatments exhibited significant difference for all the traits studied except shoot length after two years of storage. The Indian Minimum Seed Certification Standards in mungbean for germination percentage is 75 per cent. Looking to the germination percentage and Seed vigourindex I and II, among all the treatments, T1 (Neem Seed kernel powder @ 5 g/kg seed), T2 (Neem seed kernel powder @ 10 g/kg seed), T3 (Neem Cake @ 5g/kg Seed) and T4 (Neem Cake @ 10g/kg Seed) recorded the higher values for these traits and can be recommended as a seed treatment before storage for maintaining the seed germination and seedling vigour for more than two years.
Phytoremediation of lead and cadmium by thornless honey loccust trees’(Gleditsia triacanthos L. var. inermis) in contaminatedsoil near the Tehran-Karaj highway
Authors: Dizaji Elham Faraji , Kafi. Mohsen , Khalighi Ahmad , Jari Sepideh Kalateh
Published: December 2016

Phytoremediation is an emerging technology that uses plants to remove pollutants from contaminated sites. The present study examined the absorption of heavy metals by Gleditsia triacanthos L. var. inermis, a tree species planted in the landscape in Tehran-Karaj highway (Iran). This study was arranged in a split plot design with three replications. Experimental treatments included distances of planted trees from highway (30, 65, and 80 m) and three different sampling times (i.e. opening of leaves, late of June, and before the fall). The results showed that with the passage of time and approaching the fall, Pb concentration significantly increased. The highest concentration of Cd was observed in the mid-growth period. With increasing the distance, chlorophyll significantly increased. However, chlorophyll b and total chlorophyll were not influenced by the distance from the highway. The interaction of the distance and sampling time demonstrated that in the nearest distance from the highway, the concentration of chlorophyll decreased with the passage of time, while in the distance of 65 and 80 m from the highway, the concentration of chlorophyll increased in the middle of the growth period. In the nearest distance from the highway, the concentration of Pb significantly increased with the passage of time. By approaching fall, Pb concentration increased in 65 and 80 m from the highway. In the nearest distance from the highway, during mid-growth period, Cd concentration reached its maximum level.