bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The experiences and challenges faced by rehabilitation community service therapists within the South African Primary Healthcare health system
Authors: Ned Lieketseng , Cloete Lizahn , Mji Gubela
Published: August 2017

Background: Twenty-two years after the promulgation of a plethora of progressive health policies since 1994, the South African public health system reflects a number of stumbling blocks regarding implementation. Rehabilitation professionals are not sufficiently equipped nor allowed the opportunity to comprehensively implement Primary Healthcare (PHC) from a bottom-up approach, thus engaging communities. Training on addressing social health determinants and their impact on ill-health and health outcomes is inadequate. The inadequate understanding of the advocacy role that rehabilitation professionals could play in addressing social health determinants remains a challenge in healthcare. Rehabilitation, a pillar of PHC, remains poorly understood in terms of its role within the health system.Aim: We argue for rehabilitation as a vehicle for addressing social determinants of health with community service practitioners playing a critical role in addressing the inequities within the healthcare package.Setting: The article reflects the opportunities and challenges faced by rehabilitation community service therapists in the delivery of rehabilitation services in a rural area of the Eastern Cape province of South Africa.Methods: A single case study from the perspective of a researcher was used to explore the experience and reflection of the first author during her community service as an occupational therapist.Results: The case study highlights some existing gaps within the delivery of rehabilitation services in the rural Eastern Cape. A community service package with a specific approach towards addressing social determinants of health for persons with disability at a community level is suggested.Conclusion: Advocating for a rehabilitation service package to shift to community-based levels is critical. It is envisaged that a community-based approach will facilitate an understanding of the barriers faced by persons with disabilities as constituting disability, thus facilitating learning about the disabling consequences of the rural environment coupled with the system as experienced by persons with disabilities.
Youth ministry as an agency of youth development for the vulnerable youth of the Cape Flats
Authors: Aziz Garth
Published: August 2017

Religiosity has a profound role and influence on youth development within a community. Religiosity promotes risk reduction and positive moral characteristics and thus remains an avenue of opportunity for transformation in considering the lived experiences of vulnerable young people living on the Cape Flats in the Western Cape, South Africa. The Cape Flats is an area that is overwhelmed with unemployment, poverty, gang violence, chemical substance abuse and a general societal abandonment of young people. It is out of dire hopelessness that a meaningful relationship with God can be experienced by youth. The Cape Flats is, therefore, a fertile space for an intervention of religiosity. This article will research how the agency of youth ministry as a positive youth development can assist in youth development within a community in tension like that of the Cape Flats. While youth development is a broad category for consideration and research, this article will primarily focus on identity formation of young people, in particular, the vulnerable youth living on the Cape Flats.Intradisciplinary and/or interdisciplinary implications: The agency of youth ministry, in an evangelical epistemology, should seek to address the influencers on adolescent identity formation, as one’s identity has a direct bearing on faith formation. The potential outcome of the article would allow the youth ministry to take serious the impact of the lived realities of youth and adjust their programmatic designs and outcomes, in relation to youth faith formation.
Inhibiting Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor in Injured Intervertebral Discs Attenuates Pain-Related Neuropeptide Expression in Dorsal Root Ganglia in Rats
Authors: Sato Jun , Inage Kazuhide , Miyagi Masayuki , Sakuma Yoshihiro , Yamauchi Kazuyo , Koda Masao , Furuya Takeo , Nakamura Junichi , Suzuki Miyako , Kubota Go , Oikawa Yasuhiro , Sainoh Takeshi , Fujimoto Kazuki , Shiga Yasuhiro , Abe Koki , Kanamoto Hirohito , Inoue Masahiro , Kinoshita Hideyuki , Norimoto Masaki , Umimura Tomotaka , Takahashi Kazuhisa , Ohtori Seiji , Orita Sumihisa
Published: August 2017

Study Design

An experimental animal study.

Purpose

To evaluate effects of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) on the content and distribution of the calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) in the dorsal ganglia in a rat model.

Overview of Literature

Increased expression of VEGF in degenerative disc disease increases the levels of inflammatory cytokines and nerve ingrowth into the damaged discs. In animal models, increased levels of VEGF can persist for up to 2 weeks after an injury.

Methods

Through abdominal surgery, the dorsal root ganglia (DRG) innervating L5/L6 intervertebral disc were labeled (FluoroGold neurotracer) in 24, 8-week old Sprague Dawley rats. The rats were randomly allocated to three groups of eight rats each. The anti-VEGF group underwent L5/6 intervertebral disc puncture using a 26-gauge needle, intradiscal injection of 33.3 µg of the pegaptanib sodium, a VEGF165 aptamer. The control-puncture group underwent disc puncture and intradiscal injection of 10 µL saline solution, and the sham-surgery group underwent labeling but no disc puncture. Two rats in each group were sacrificed on postoperative days 1, 7, 14, and 28 after surgery. L1–L6 DRGs were harvested, sectioned, and immunostained to detect the content and distribution of CGRP.

Results

Compared with the control, the percentage of CGRP-positive cells was lower in the anti-VEGF group (p<0.05; 40.6% and 58.1% on postoperative day 1, 44.3% and 55.4% on day 7, and 42.4% and 59.3% on day 14). The percentage was higher in the control group compared with that of the sham group (p<0.05; sham group, 34.1%, 40.7%, and 33.7% on postoperative days 1, 7, and 14, respectively).

Conclusions

Decreasing CGRP-positive cells using anti-VEGF therapy provides fundamental evidence for a possible therapeutic role of anti-VEGF in patients with discogenic lower back pain.
Radiologic and Clinical Courses of Degenerative Lumbar Scoliosis (10°–25°) after a Short-Segment Fusion
Authors: Lee Kyu Yeol , Kim Min-Woo , Im Chul Soon , Jung Young Hoon
Published: August 2017

Study Design

Retrospective study.

Purpose

We report the surgical outcomes of small degenerative lumbar scoliosis (DLS) patients treated by a short-segment fusion and followed for a minimum of 5 years.

Overview of Literature

Several surgical options are available for the treatment of DLS, such as decompression only, decompression plus a short-segment fusion, or decompression with a long segment fusion. Few studies have evaluated the results of a short-segment fusion in patients with DLS over time.

Methods

Seventy small DLS patients (Cobb's angle, 10°–25°) with a minimum follow-up of 5 years were treated with a short-segment fusion between March 2004 and February 2010. The mean patient age was 71 (male:female=16:54), with a follow-up of 6.5 years (range, 5.0–11.6). The Cobb's angle, 1 and 2 segment coronal upper intervertebral angle, 1 and 2 segment sagittal upper intervertebral angle, the lumbar lordosis angle, and the C7 plumb lines (coronal and sagittal) were evaluated using simple radiographs, and visual analog scale (VAS), back pain was assessed preoperatively, immediately after surgery, and at 3, 6, and 12 months and 3 and 5 years after surgery. To identify factors influencing the radiologic progression, age, number of fusion segments, vertebral levels of fusion, body mass index, lowest instrumented vertebra (L5 or S1), bone mineral density (>–2.5, ≤–2.5), and the presence of an interbody fusion were analyzed.

Results

The Cobb's angle and 1 segment coronal upper intervertebral angle showed more progression during follow up, particularly at 6 and 12 months after surgery. Clinical outcomes and radiological results were found to be significantly associated (p=0.041). No statistically significant association was found between other factors affecting radiologic progression from postoperative 6 months to 1 year.

Conclusions

Radiologic variables (the Cobb's angle and coronal upper intervertebral angle–1) should be carefully considered and clinical caution exercised from 6 to 12 months after short-segment fusion in small DLS (10°–25°).
Preliminary Results of Relationship between Preoperative Walking Ability and Magnetic Resonance Imaging Morphology in Patients with Lumbar Canal Stenosis: Comparison between Trefoil and Triangle Types of Spinal Stenosis
Authors: Azimi Parisa , Yazdanian Taravat , Benzel Edward C.
Published: August 2017

Study Design

Cross-sectional.

Purpose

To examine the relationship between magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) morphology stenosis grades and preoperative walking ability in patients with lumbar canal stenosis (LCS).

Overview of Literature

No previous study has analyzed the correlation between MRI morphology stenosis grades and walking ability in patients with LCS.

Methods

This prospective study included 98 consecutive patients with LCS who were candidates for surgery. Using features identified in T2-weighted axial magnetic, stenosis type was determined at the maximal stenosis level, and only trefoil and triangle stenosis grade types were considered because of sufficient sample size. Intraobserver and interobserver reliability were assessed by calculating weighted kappa coefficients. Symptom severity was evaluated via the Japanese Orthopedic Association Back Pain Evaluation Questionnaire (JOABPEQ). Walking ability was assessed using the Self-Paced Walking Test (SPWT) and JOABPEQ subscales. Demographic characteristics, SPWT scores, and JOABPEQ scores were compared between patients with trefoil and triangle stenosis types.

Results

The mean patient age was 58.1 (standard deviation, 8.4) years. The kappa values of the MRI morphology stenosis grade types showed a perfect agreement between the stenosis grade types. The trefoil group (n=53) and triangle group (n=45) showed similar preoperative JOABPEQ subscale scores (e.g., low back pain, lumbar function, and mental health) and were not significantly different in age, BMI, duration of symptoms, or lumbar stenosis levels (all p>0.05); however, trefoil stenosis grade type was associated with a decreased walking ability according to the SPWT and JOABPEQ subscale scores.

Conclusions

These findings suggest preoperative walking ability is more profoundly affected in patients with trefoil type stenosis than in those with triangle type stenosis.
Validation of the Iranian Version of the ECOS-16 Questionnaire in Patients with Osteoporotic Vertebral Fractures
Authors: Azimi Parisa , Yazdanian Taravat , Montazeri Ali
Published: August 2017

Study Design

Prospective clinical study.

Purpose

To translate and validate the Quality of Life Questionnaire of the European Foundation for Osteoporosis (ECOS-16) in patients with osteoporotic vertebral fractures in Iran.

Overview of Literature

It is important to assess the psychometric properties of instruments measuring patient-reported outcomes.

Methods

The translation was performed using the backward-forward translation method. The final version was generated by consensus among the translators. Every woman who had a T-score of <−2.5 completed ECOS-16. Patients were divided into two study groups according to the World Health Organization's criteria: those with at least one vertebral fracture (surgery group) and those with no fractures (control group). They were asked to respond to the questionnaire at three points in time: preoperative and twice within 1-week interval after surgery assessments (6-month follow-up). The 36-item short-form health survey (SF-36) also was completed. The psychometric properties of the questionnaire were assessed using internal consistency, test-retest reliability, convergent validity, discriminant validity, and responsiveness.

Results

Of 137 recruited women, 39 underwent surgery and 98 did not. Analysis of the ECOS-16 scales showed an appropriate reliability with Cronbach's alpha of >0.70 for all scales. Test-retest reliability as indicated by intraclass correlation coefficient was found to be 0.85 (0.68–0.91). Additionally, the correlation of each item with its hypothesized domain of the ECOS-16 showed acceptable results, suggesting that the items had a substantial relationship with their own domains. Further analysis also indicated that the questionnaire was responsive to change (effect size, 0.85; standardized response mean, 0.93) (p<0.001). Significant correlations existed between scores of similar subscales of ECOS-16 and SF-36 (p<0.001).

Conclusions

ECOS-16 is an acceptable, reliable, valid, and responsive measure to assess the quality of life in patients with osteoporotic vertebral fractures.
Measurement of Milwaukee Brace Pad Pressure in Adolescent Round Back Deformity Treatment
Authors: Babaee Taher , Kamyab Mojtaba , Ahmadi Amir , Sanjari Mohammad Ali , Ganjavian Mohammad Saleh
Published: August 2017

Study Design

In this prospective study, we measured the pad pressures of the Milwaukee brace in adolescent hyperkyphosis treatment.

Purpose

We evaluated the skin-brace interface forces exerted by the main pads of the Milwaukee brace.

Overview of Literature

A fundamental factor associated with brace effectiveness in spinal deformity is pad force adjustment. However, few studies have evaluated the in-brace force magnitude and its effect on curve correction.

Methods

Interface forces at four pads of the Milwaukee brace were measured in 73 patients withround back deformity (mean age, 14.04±1.97 years [range, 10–18]; mean initial Cobb angle,67.70°±9.23° [range, 50°–86°]). We used a modified aneroid sphygmomanometer to measure the shoulder and kyphosis pad pressures. Each patient underwent measurement in the standing and sitting positions during inhalation/exhalation.

Results

The mean pad pressures were significantly higher in the standing than in thesitting position, and significantly higher pressures were observed during inhalation compared toexhalation (p=0.001).There were no statistically significant differences between right and left shoulder pad pressures (p>0.05); however, the pressure differences between the right and left kyphosis pads were statistically significant (p<0.05). In a comparison of corrective forces with bracing for less or more than 6 months, corrective force was larger with bracing for less than 6 months (p=0.02). In the standing position, there were no statistically significant correlations between pad pressures and kyphosis curve correction.

Conclusions

In the sitting position, there was a trend toward lower forces at the skin-brace interface; therefore, brace adjustment in the standing position may be useful and more effective. There was no significant correlation between the magnitude of the pad pressures and the degree of in-brace curve correction.
Neuropathic Pain after Spinal Surgery
Authors: Cho Jae Hwan , Lee Jae Hyup , Song Kwang-Sup , Hong Jae-Young
Published: August 2017

Neuropathic pain after spinal surgery, the so-called failed back surgery syndrome (FBSS), is a frequently observed troublesome disease entity. Although medications may be effective to some degree, many patients continue experiencing intolerable pain and functional disability. Only gabapentin has been proven effective in patients with FBSS. No relevant studies regarding manipulation or physiotherapy for FBSS have been published. Spinal cord stimulation (SCS) has been widely investigated as a treatment option for chronic neuropathic pain, including FBSS. SCS was generally accepted to improve chronic back and leg pain, physical function, and sleep quality. Although the cost effectiveness of SCS has been proved in many studies, its routine application is limited considering that it is invasive and is associated with safety issues. Percutaneous epidural adhesiolysis has also shown good clinical outcomes; however, its effects persisted for only a short period. Because none of the current methods provide absolute superiority in terms of clinical outcomes, a multidisciplinary approach is required to manage this complex disease. Further studies concerning the etiology, diagnosis, treatment, and cost effectiveness of FBSS are warranted to deepen our understanding of this condition.
Neuropathic Pain Related with Spinal Disorders: A Systematic Review
Authors: Song Kwang-Sup , Cho Jae Hwan , Hong Jae-Young , Lee Jae Hyup , Kang Hyun , Ham Dae-Woong , Ryu Hyun-Jun
Published: August 2017

Systematic literature review. To review the evidence from high-quality studies regarding the treatment of neuropathic pain originating specifically from spinal disorders. In general, treatment guidelines for neuropathic pain cover all its various causes, including medical disease, peripheral neuropathy, and cancer. However, the natural history of neuropathic pain originating from spinal disorders may differ from that of the pain originating from other causes or lesions. An expert research librarian used terms related to neuropathic pain and spinal disorders, disc herniation, stenosis, and spinal cord injury to search in MEDLINE, Embase, and Cochrane CENTRAL for primary research from January 2000 to October 2015. Among 2,313 potential studies of interest, 25 randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and 21 systematic reviews (SRs) were included in the analysis. The selection was decided based on the agreement of two orthopedic surgeons. There was a lack of evidence about medication for radiculopathy arising from disc herniation and stenosis, but intervention procedures, including epidural block, showed positive efficacy in radiculopathy and also limited efficacy in spinal stenosis. There was some evidence based on the short-term follow-up regarding surgery being superior to conservative treatments for radiculopathy and stenosis. There was limited evidence regarding the efficacy of pharmacological and electric or magnetic stimulation therapies for neuropathic pain after spinal cord injury. This review of RCTs and SRs with high-quality evidence found some evidence regarding the efficacy of various treatment modalities for neuropathic pain related specifically to spinal disorders. However, there is a need for much more supportive evidence.
Assessment of Cardiovascular System Abnormalities in Patients with Advanced Primary Hyperparathyroidism by Detailed Echocardiographic Analysis: A Prospective Study
Authors: Mishra SK , Agarwal Amit , Mishra, Anand K , Kumar, Sudeep
Published: August 2017

Aim

Recognizing the paucity of data regarding the incidence of cardiovascular abnormalities in severe primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT), a prospective study was done for left ventricular (LV) systolic and diastolic function by echocardiography in patients with hyperparathyroidism (HPT) before surgery.

Materials and methods

A total of 18 consecutive patients with HPT and an equal number of age- and sex-matched controls were studied by two-dimensional and Doppler echocardiography.

Results

Patients with HPT had higher systolic and diastolic blood pressures (BPs). Despite severe bone disease, nephropathy, and vitamin D deficiency, none had metastatic calcification in myocardium. There was no significant increase in LV systolic dimensions and volume, but decreased ejection fraction (EF) and significant diastolic dysfunction were observed.

Conclusion

Despite an asymptomatic cardiac status, there were decreased EF and significant diastolic dysfunction. The HPT patients despite having severe disease, did not have metastatic calcification.

How to cite this article

Mishra AK, Agarwal A, Kumar S, Mishra SK. Assessment of Cardiovascular System Abnormalities in Patients with Advanced Primary Hyperparathyroidism by Detailed Echocardiographic Analysis: A Prospective Study. World J Endoc Surg 2017;9(2):46-50.
Revisiting Types and Risk Factors for Thyroid Malignancy in a State Endemic of Iodine Deficiency Goiter
Authors: Wong, Mei W , Hadi, Imisairi A , Musa Kamarul I
Published: August 2017

Introduction

We have realized that recent rise in incidence of thyroid malignancy is partly because of incidental findings of cancer after resection for benign goiters. Therefore, we aim to reanalyze risk factors for thyroid malignancy in those patients who underwent primary thyroid surgery at Breast and Endocrine Surgical Unit, Department of Surgery, Hospital Raja Perempuan Zainab II, Kota Bharu, Kelantan, Malaysia.

Materials and methods

Retrospective review in our database found 699 patients who had undergone thyroid surgeries between June 2007 and December 2014. According to the final histopathological report of resected specimen, these patients, operated for goiter, were divided into two groups: Thyroid malignancy group and nonmalignancy group. Logistic regression analysis was used to estimate the risk of age, duration and weight of resected specimen for having thyroid malignancy.

Results

The mean value for age was 43.5 years [standard deviation (SD) = 14.0); duration of neck swelling was 5.9 months (SD = 6.7); and weight of resected specimen was 157 gm (SD = 161.0). Around 26.9% cases had thyroid malignancy (n = 188), about 77.13% cases had papillary thyroid carcinoma and 17.6% had follicular thyroid carcinoma. Age associates with risk for malignancy (p < 0.001), but duration of neck swelling (p = 0.513) and weight of resected specimen (p = 0.955) do not relate with this. With an increase of 1 year of age, the odds to have thyroid malignancy increase for 2%. This is equivalent with 14.4% increase in cancer for every 5-year increase in age.

Conclusion

Our study has found that increasing age is the only associated factor for risk of thyroid malignancy. When managing elderly patients who has clinically benign goiter, differential diagnosis of thyroid cancer need be considered as well.

How to cite this article

Wong MW, Hadi IA, Musa KI. Revisiting Types and Risk Factors for Thyroid Malignancy in a State Endemic of Iodine Deficiency Goiter. World J Endoc Surg 2017;9(2):51-54.
Adrenal Teratoma: Unusual Tumor with Typical Imaging Characteristics
Authors: Ramakant Pooja , Mishra Anand K , Singh, Kul R
Published: August 2017

Teratomas per se are rare and retroperitoneal teratomas are a still rarer entity. We report the image of a patient who presented with a large adrenal teratoma which was nonfunctional biochemically and who underwent surgical excision. The imaging characteristics are suggestive of teratoma and must be kept in mind while managing large adrenal tumors.

How to cite this article

Ramakant P, Singh KR, Mishra AK. Adrenal Teratoma: Unusual Tumor with Typical Imaging Characteristics. World J Endoc Surg 2017;9(2):78.
“HN Turn to Drive Osteotome”: A Customized Device for Preparation of Osteotomy for Implant Placement
Authors: Abraham Nimisha B , Harshakumar Karunakaran
Published: August 2017

The density of available bone in an edentulous site has a primary influence on the treatment planning and the surgical approach chosen for osteotomy. In situations of inadequate bone density, osteotomes are a special set of hand instruments developed to form and shape bone, in preparation to placement of dental implants. Conventional osteotomes are optimally used by pressing the instruments into the bone and malleting into place using a surgical mallet. This article describes a variant of the conventional osteotome, which was indigenously developed to use the handdriven force for implant placement and, henceforth, eliminate the drawbacks of malleting procedures. This would aid hassle-free implant placement in edentulous areas with compromised bone quality and quantity.

How to cite this article

Karunakaran H, Abraham NB. “HN Turn to Drive Osteotome”: A Customized Device for Preparation of Osteotomy for Implant Placement. Int J Oral Implantol Clin Res 2017;8(1):1-4.
Submerged Plateau Implants: A Practical Solution for Mandibular Posterior Region
Authors: Shukla Dhruvi H , Anchlia Sonal M , Patel Nisarg P , Nagavadiya Vipul , Panwar Rohit K , Domadiya Hardi L
Published: August 2017

Introduction

Placement of endosseous plateau implants represents a valid treatment in the setting of limited alveolar bone height. This study's objectives were to evaluate the effect of submerging and platform switching on crestal bone loss and redistribution of occlusal forces, the advantage of plateau design in providing more surface area for osseointegration, and the outcome of autogenous bone grafting from the implant osteotomy site as an alternate to exogenous bone graft.

Materials and methods

A prospective study of 10 patients with mandibular posterior edentulism was selected. Preoperative alveolar bone height (mean 11.87 mm) and width (8.22 mm) were measured on cone beam computed tomography. Two-staged implants were placed with 2.0 mm of submergence, which remained below the alveolar crest. The distribution of site according to bone quality and implant dimension was D2. Patients were followed up after 7 days for pain, infection, soft tissue dehiscence, and paresthesia followed by an average period of 1 year and evaluated for bone gain over implant shoulder, crestal bone loss, and peri-implant radiolucency.

Results

One-year postloading survival rates for submerged plateau implants was 100.0% in D2 bone, with no peri-implant radiolucency and statistically insignificant (~0–0.8 mm) crestal bone loss.

Conclusion

Submerged plateau implants have excellent survival rates and crestal bone level maintenance. The results of this study support the hypothesis that plateau implants can be successfully used in mandibular areas with limited bone height.

How to cite this article

Shukla DH, Anchlia SM, Patel NP, Nagavadiya V, Panwar RK, Domadiya HL. Submerged Plateau Implants: A Practical Solution for Mandibular Posterior Region. Int J Oral Implantol Clin Res 2017;8(1):5-11.
Dynamic consideration of smog chamber experiments
Authors: Chuang Wayne K. , Donahue Neil M.
Published: August 2017

Abstract. Recent studies of the α-pinene + ozone reaction that address particle nucleation show relatively high molar yields of highly oxidized multifunctional organic molecules with very low saturation concentrations that can form and grow new particles on their own. However, numerous smog-chamber experiments addressing secondary organic aerosol (SOA) mass yields, interpreted via equilibrium partitioning theory, suggest that the vast majority of SOA from α-pinene is semivolatile. We explore this paradox by employing a dynamic volatility basis set (VBS) model that reproduces the new-particle growth rates observed in the CLOUD experiment at CERN and then modeling SOA mass yield experiments conducted at Carnegie Mellon University (CMU). We find that the base-case simulations do overpredict observed SOA mass but by much less than an equilibrium analysis would suggest; this is because delayed condensation of vapors suppresses the apparent mass yields early in the chamber experiments. We further find that a second VBS model featuring substantial oligomerization of semivolatile monomers can match the CLOUD growth rates with substantially lower SOA mass yields; this is because the lighter monomers have a higher velocity and thus a higher condensation rate for a given mass concentration. The oligomerization simulations are a closer match to the CMU experiments than the base-case simulations, though they overpredict the observations somewhat. However, we also find that if the chemical conditions in CLOUD and the CMU chamber were identical, substantial nucleation would have occurred in the CMU experiments when in fact none occurred. This suggests that the chemical mechanisms differed in the two experiments, perhaps because the high oxidation rates in the SOA formation experiments led to rapid termination of peroxy radical chemistry.
Sensitivities of Amazonian clouds to aerosols and updraft speed
Authors: Cecchini Micael A. , Machado Luiz A. T. , Andreae Meinrat O. , Martin Scot T. , Albrecht Rachel I. , Artaxo Paulo , Barbosa Henrique M. J. , Borrmann Stephan , Fütterer Daniel , Jurkat Tina , Mahnke Christoph , Minikin Andreas , Molleker Sergej , Pöhlker Mira L. , Pöschl Ulrich , Rosenfeld Daniel , Voigt Christiane , Weinzierl Bernadett , Wendisch Manfred
Published: August 2017

Abstract. The effects of aerosol particles and updraft speed on warm-phase cloud microphysical properties are studied in the Amazon region as part of the ACRIDICON-CHUVA experiment. Here we expand the sensitivity analysis usually found in the literature by concomitantly considering cloud evolution, putting the sensitivity quantifications into perspective in relation to in-cloud processing, and by considering the effects on droplet size distribution (DSD) shape. Our in situ aircraft measurements over the Amazon Basin cover a wide range of particle concentration and thermodynamic conditions, from the pristine regions over coastal and forested areas to the southern Amazon, which is highly polluted from biomass burning. The quantitative results show that particle concentration is the primary driver for the vertical profiles of effective diameter and droplet concentration in the warm phase of Amazonian convective clouds, while updraft speeds have a modulating role in the latter and in total condensed water. The cloud microphysical properties were found to be highly variable with altitude above cloud base, which we used as a proxy for cloud evolution since it is a measure of the time droplets that were subject to cloud processing. We show that DSD shape is crucial in understanding cloud sensitivities. The aerosol effect on DSD shape was found to vary with altitude, which can help models to better constrain the indirect aerosol effect on climate.
Evaluation of modelling NO2 concentrations driven by satellite-derived and bottom-up emission inventories using in-situ measurements over China
Authors: Liu Fei , van der A Ronald J. , Eskes Henk , Ding Jieying , Mijling Bas
Published: August 2017

Abstract. Chemical transport models together with emission inventories are widely used to simulate NO2 concentrations over China, but validation of the simulations with in situ measurements has been extremely limited. Here we use ground measurements obtained from the air quality monitoring network recently developed by the Ministry of Environmental Protection of China to validate modelling surface NO2 concentrations from the CHIMERE regional chemical-transport model driven by the satellite-derived DECSO and the bottom-up MIX emission inventories. We applied a correction factor to the observations to account for the interferences of other oxidized nitrogen compounds (NOz), based on the modelled ratio of NO2 to NOz. The model accurately reproduces the spatial variability of NO2 from in-situ measurements, with a spatial correlation coefficient of over 0.7 for simulations based on both inventories. A negative and positive bias is found for the simulation with the DECSO (slope = 0.74/0.64 for the daily-mean/daytime only) and the MIX (slope = 1.3/1.1) inventory respectively, suggesting an underestimation and overestimation of NOx emissions from corresponding inventories. The bias between observed and modelled concentrations is reduced with the slope dropping from 1.3 to 1.0 when the spatial distribution of NOx emissions in the DECSO inventory is applied as the spatial proxy for the MIX inventory, which suggests an improvement of the distribution of emissions between urban and suburban/rural areas in the DECSO inventory compared to that used in the bottom-up inventory. A rough estimate indicates that the observed concentrations, from sites predominantly placed in the populated urban areas, may be 10–40 % higher than the corresponding model grid-cell mean. This reduces the estimate of the negative bias of the DECSO based simulation to the range of −30 % to 0 % on average, and establishes more firmly that the MIX inventory is biased high over major cities. The performance of the model is comparable over seasons, with a slightly worse spatial correlation in summer, due to the difficulties in resolving the more active NOx photochemistry and larger concentration gradients in summer by the model. In addition, the model well captures the daytime diurnal cycle, but shows more significant disagreement between simulations and measurements during night time, which likely produces a positive model bias of about 15 % in the daily mean concentrations. This is most likely related to the uncertainty in vertical mixing in the model at night.
Evolution of NOx in the Denver Urban Plume during the Front Range Air Pollution and Photochemistry Experiment
Authors: Ebben Carlena J. , Sparks Tamara L. , Wooldridge Paul J. , Campos Teresa L. , Cantrell Christopher A. , Mauldin Roy L. , Weinheimer Andrew J. , Cohen Ronald C.
Published: August 2017

Abstract. As NOx (NOx ≡ NO + NO2) is transported away from cities, it undergoes photochemical oxidation to peroxynitrates (RO2NO2, ΣPNs), alkyl nitrates (RONO2, ΣANs), and nitric acid (HNO3). These higher oxide species each have different lifetimes to permanent removal or conversion back to NOx, resulting in nitrogen oxide chemistry that evolves as plumes are transported away from cities. Here, observations from the Front Range Air Pollution and Photochemistry Experiment (FRAPPÉ) are used to describe the evolution of NOx and NOy (NOy ≡ NOx + ΣPNs + ΣANs + HNO3 + …) as the Denver urban plume flows outward from the city center. We evaluate the chemistry, dilution, and deposition rates in the plume to provide numerical constraints on the NOx and NOy,i lifetimes. We find that plume dilution with background air occurs with a lifetime of 3.5 hours. NOx concentrations decrease more rapidly with a lifetime to chemical loss and dilution of 2 hours in the near field of the city center. NOy has an effective lifetime of 3 hours and due to a combination of HNO3 deposition and dilution. The results provide a useful test of conceptual and numerical models of chemistry during the evolution of urban plumes.
Rainfall simulation experiments in the Southwestern USA using the Walnut Gulch Rainfall Simulator
Authors: Polyakov Viktor , Stone Jeffry , Holifield Collins Chandra , Nearing Mark A. , Paige Ginger , Buono Jared , Gomez-Pond Rae-Landa
Published: August 2017

Abstract. The dataset contains hydrological, erosion, vegetation, ground cover, and other supplementary information from 272 rainfall simulation experiments conducted on 23 semi-arid rangeland locations in Arizona and Nevada between 2002 and 2013. On 30 % of the plots simulations were conducted up to five times during the decade of study. The rainfall was generated using the Walnut Gulch Rainfall Simulator on 2 m by 6 m plots. Simulation sites included brush and grassland areas with various degree of disturbance by grazing, wildfire, or brush removal. This dataset advances our understanding of basic hydrological and biological processes that drive soil erosion on arid rangelands. It can be used to quantify runoff, infiltration, and erosion rates on a variety of ecological sites in the Southwestern USA. Inclusion of wildfire and brush treatment locations combined with long term observations makes it important for studying vegetation recovery, ecological transitions, and effect of management. It is also a valuable resource for erosion model parameterization and validation. The data set available from the National Agricultural Library at https://data.nal.usda.gov/search/type/dataset (https://doi.org/doi:10.15482/USDA.ADC/1358583).
MicroHH 1.0: a computational fluid dynamics code for direct numerical simulation and large-eddy simulation of atmospheric boundary layer flows
Authors: van Heerwaarden Chiel C. , van Stratum Bart J. H. , Heus Thijs , Gibbs Jeremy A. , Fedorovich Evgeni , Mellado Juan Pedro
Published: August 2017

Abstract. This paper describes MicroHH 1.0, a new and open-source (www.microhh.org) computational fluid dynamics code for the simulation of turbulent flows in the atmosphere. It is primarily made for direct numerical simulation but also supports large-eddy simulation (LES). The paper covers the description of the governing equations, their numerical implementation, and the parameterizations included in the code. Furthermore, the paper presents the validation of the dynamical core in the form of convergence and conservation tests, and comparison of simulations of channel flows and slope flows against well-established test cases. The full numerical model, including the associated parameterizations for LES, has been tested for a set of cases under stable and unstable conditions, under the Boussinesq and anelastic approximations, and with dry and moist convection under stationary and time-varying boundary conditions. The paper presents performance tests showing good scaling from 256 to 32 768 processes. The graphical processing unit (GPU)-enabled version of the code can reach a speedup of more than an order of magnitude for simulations that fit in the memory of a single GPU.
The Oceanographic Multipurpose Software Environment (OMUSE v1.0)
Authors: Pelupessy Inti , van Werkhoven Ben , van Elteren Arjen , Viebahn Jan , Candy Adam , Portegies Zwart Simon , Dijkstra Henk
Published: August 2017

Abstract. In this paper we present the Oceanographic Multipurpose Software Environment (OMUSE). OMUSE aims to provide a homogeneous environment for existing or newly developed numerical ocean simulation codes, simplifying their use and deployment. In this way, numerical experiments that combine ocean models representing different physics or spanning different ranges of physical scales can be easily designed. Rapid development of simulation models is made possible through the creation of simple high-level scripts. The low-level core of the abstraction in OMUSE is designed to deploy these simulations efficiently on heterogeneous high-performance computing resources. Cross-verification of simulation models with different codes and numerical methods is facilitated by the unified interface that OMUSE provides. Reproducibility in numerical experiments is fostered by allowing complex numerical experiments to be expressed in portable scripts that conform to a common OMUSE interface. Here, we present the design of OMUSE as well as the modules and model components currently included, which range from a simple conceptual quasi-geostrophic solver to the global circulation model POP (Parallel Ocean Program). The uniform access to the codes' simulation state and the extensive automation of data transfer and conversion operations aids the implementation of model couplings. We discuss the types of couplings that can be implemented using OMUSE. We also present example applications that demonstrate the straightforward model initialization and the concurrent use of data analysis tools on a running model. We give examples of multiscale and multiphysics simulations by embedding a regional ocean model into a global ocean model and by coupling a surface wave propagation model with a coastal circulation model.
Long-term river trajectories to enhance restoration efficiency and sustainability on the Upper Rhine: an interdisciplinary study (Rohrschollen Island, France)
Authors: Eschbach David , Schmitt Laurent , Imfeld Gwenaël , May Jan-Hendrik , Payraudeau Sylvain , Preusser Frank , Trauerstein Mareike , Skupinski Grzegorz
Published: August 2017

Abstract. While the history of a fluvial hydrosystem can provide essential knowledge on present functioning, historical context remains rarely considered in river restoration. Here we show the relevance of an interdisciplinary study for improving restoration within the framework of a European LIFE+ project on the French side of the Upper-Rhine (Rohrschollen Island). Planimetric evolution combined with historical high flow data enabled to reconstruct pre-disturbance hydromorphological functioning and major changes that occurred on the reach. A deposition frequency assessment combining vertical evolution of the Rhine thalweg, chronology of deposits in the floodplain and a hydrological model revealed that the period of vertical incision in the main channel corresponded to high rates of narrowing and lateral channel filling. The analysis of filling processes by Passega diagram and IRLS dating highlight that periods of engineering works were closely related to fine sediment deposition, which present also concomitant heavy metal accumulation. In fact, current fluvial forms, processes and sediment chemistry around the Rohrschollen Island directly reflect the disturbances that occurred during past correction works, and up to today. Our results underscore the advantage of combining functional restoration with detailed knowledge of past-trajectory to: (i) understand the functioning of the hydrosystem prior anthropogenic disturbances, (ii) characterize the human-driven morphodynamic adjustments during the two last centuries, (iii) characterize physio-chemical sediment properties to trace anthropogenic activities and evaluate the potential impact of the restoration on pollutant remobilization, (iv) deduce post-restoration evolution and (v) evaluate efficiency and sustainability of the restoration effects. We anticipate our approach to expand the toolbox of decision-makers and help orientating functional restoration actions in the future.
Application of FLaIR model for early warning system in Chibo Pashyor, Kalimpong, India for rainfall-induced landslides
Authors: Dikshit Abhirup , Satyam Neelima
Published: August 2017

Abstract. The development of an early warning system for landslides due to rainfall has become an indispensable part for landslide risk mitigation. This paper explains the application of the hydrological FLaIR (Forecasting of Landslides Induced by Rainfall) model, correlating rainfall amount and landslide events. The FLaIR model comprises of two modules: RL (Rainfall-Landslide) which correlates rainfall and landslide occurrence and RF (Rainfall-Forecasting) which allows simulation of future rainfall events. The model can predetermine landslides based on identification of mobility function Y(.) which links actual rainfall and incidence of landslide occurrence. The critical value of mobility function was analyzed using 1st July 2015 event and applying it to 2016 monsoon to validate the results. These rainfall thresholds presented can be improved with intense hourly rainfall and landslide inventory data. This paper describes the details of the model and its performance for the study area.
Reverse takotsubo cardiomyopathy presenting as abdominal pain: An atypical presentation
Authors: Thind Guramrinder Singh , Agrawal Yashwant
Published: August 2017

Reverse takotsubo cardiomyopathy is the rarest variant of takotsubo cardiomyopathy. We present a case of reverse takotsubo cardiomyopathy presenting as abdominal pain likely due to non-occlusive mesenteric ischemia. A 58-year-old female presented with abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea for 2 days. Upon presentation, she was normotensive but tachycardic. Her lactic acid level was 2.8 mmol/L and troponin-T was 0.62 ng/ml. The electrocardiogram showed non-specific ST changes. CT scan of abdomen revealed bowel wall thickening in transverse colon and splenic flexure. Patient was started on aggressive intravenous fluid therapy for possible infectious colitis.The next day, patient started becoming progressively more dyspneic, hypoxic, and hypotensive. A chest X-ray at that time showed signs of severe congestive heart failure. Echocardiogram revealed left ventricular ejection fraction of 20% with akinesis of proximal and mid-ventricular walls. Patient was intubated for hypoxic respiratory failure and started on milrinone infusion for acutely depressed cardiac function. Inotropes were weaned off the next day, and she was successfully extubated on day 4. Subsequently, gastrointestinal symptoms resolved. Cardiac catheterization was performed later during the hospitalization that showed normal coronary arteries. Repeat echocardiogram done 3 months later showed return of cardiac function to normal.
Deliverance of the Adolescent Friendly Health Service Standards by Nurses in Otjozondjupa Region of Namibia
Authors: Muyenga Marry , Amakali Kristofina , Wilkinson Wilma
Published: August 2017

Despite the implementation of the national standards for Adolescent Friendly Health Services (AFHS) towards the prevention among others teenage pregnancy the, problem continues to rise across the regions of Namibia.  This article presents the findings of a quantitative, cross-sectional, descriptive, analytical study regarding the implementation of the components on Adolescent Friendly Health Care Providers and the Adolescent Friendly Environment of the Adolescent Friendly Health Services standards by nurses in Otjozondjupa Region of Namibia.Quantitative data were collected from 12 registered nurse midwives and 23 enrolled nurse-midwives who implement the AFHS at the health care facilities (through structured self-interview questionnaire) and 18 health care facilities that implement the AFHS in Otjozondjupa Region (through checklist) for triangulation of the data. The data were analysed using the SPSS Version 16 data base. Descriptive and inferential statistics were performed on selected variables to determine the relationship of variables.The findings indicated that only 30% of the registered nurse-midwives compared to 75% of the enrolled nurses who implement the AFHS were formally trained in adolescent reproductive and sexual health issues. The findings further indicated that although 75% and 87% of the respective categories of nurse respondents indicated that they conduct school outreach activities, the initiative seems not being implemented effectively as can be inferred from only 14% of the registered nurse who indicated that they do conduct health education at schools. In the same vein, 90% of the health facilities had no spaces that were designated for the adolescent health services. Therefore, the recommendations were made in respect of the implementation of these two components of the AFHS standards at the health care facilities in the region.
Reviewer Acknowledgements for Higher Education Studies, Vol. 7, No. 3
Authors: Lin Sherry
Published: August 2017

Reviewer Acknowledgements for Higher Education Studies, Vol. 7, No. 3, 2017
PERCEPÇÕES DE GESTANTES ACERCA DA PARTICIPAÇÃO DO COMPANHEIRO NA GESTAÇÃO
Authors: Martello Naiashy Vanuzzi , Wilhelm Laís Antunes , Cremonese Luiza , Prates Lisie Alende , Alves Camila Neumaier , Ressel Lúcia Beatriz
Published: August 2017

O objetivo deste estudo é compreender como as mulheres percebem a participação do homem no processo gravídico. Pesquisa de campo, do tipo descritiva, com abordagem qualitativa, desenvolvida com treze gestantes de um município do interior do Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. Os dados foram coletados por meio da entrevista semiestruturada. Para análise de dados, adotou-se a análise de conteúdo temática da proposta operativa. As percepções das gestantes abrangeram três perspectivas: o companheiro participa do processo gestacional, o companheiro mantém-se distante e o companheiro não inclui a mulher nos preparativos para a chegada do bebê. Reforça-se a importância da participação conjunta do casal, fundamental para a família se estabelecer como um grupo em formação.Descritores: Saúde da Mulher; Gravidez; Paternidade; Cuidado Pré-Natal.