bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Legal approaches to combating massacres in russia
Authors: Chechel Grigory , Artamonova Elena , Tretyak Maria , Gontar Sergei
Published: March 2023

Objective: In recent decades, the number of mass shootings in Russian educational institutions has increased. The study aims at evaluating the effectiveness of various means of protecting an individual developed and implemented in the country. Within this objective, the authors discuss the possibility of using preventive measures against grave crimes, i.e. the death penalty enshrined in the current criminal law but not fully implemented due to the moratorium. In the emerging Russian judicial practice, the authors consider crimes committed by minors and persons between the age of 18 and 21.
 
Methods: As part of the study, the authors review scientific works on the topic, crime statistics, and decisions of legislative authorities.
 
Results: According to the newly developed and consolidated provisions of Russian legislation, there has been a tightening of responsibility for arms trafficking in the form of a complete ban on the acquisition of any firearms by the named persons. It has been established that the main reason for the rapid increase in massacres is not the tightening or leniency of the law but its non-compliance. In the cases under consideration, civilian firearms were acquired by young people illegally due to neglect of one’s professional duties.
 
Conclusion: The authors believe that the measures, consisting in toughening the responsibility for the illegal circulation of civilian weapons adopted in 2021, will be more effective in preventing massacres among persons under the age of 21. As for the ability of such measures to counteract grave crimes committed by persons who have already reached this age, there are great doubts about their effectiveness. In this regard, there is a need to improve the newly adopted measures to prevent grave crimes among young people depending on their age (under or over 21).
Estudio científico y contextualización del bordado aplicado del vestido rosa de Audrey Hepburn en Breakfast at Tiffany’s
Authors: Rodríguez Salinas César , Ferrazza Livio
Published: March 2023

El siguiente estudio de investigación analizará de manera pormenorizada las aplicaciones de un bordado de alta costura presentes en el vestido de color rosa que Audrey Hepburn utilizó para la película Breakfast at Tiffany’s (1961). Basándose tanto en el cambio cromático del guipur al igual que la fragilidad sufrida sobre el bordado aplicado, su estudio científico intentará esclarecer la fuente de degradación activa, así como, la composición química de los bordados aplicados. Además, su caracterización aportará material bibliográfico nuevo sobre la producción de los bordados en alta costura de la década de los 60. Por último, a través del estudio de los archivos y la consulta de documentación se conseguirá ofrecer por primera vez, el lugar de producción del bordado para la colección de otoño-invierno de 1960, de la cual Hubert de Givenchy se inspiró para la realización del vestido rosa para Breakfast at Tiffany´s.
How people reason with counterfactual and causal explanations for Artificial Intelligence decisions in familiar and unfamiliar domains
Authors: Celar Lenart , Byrne Ruth M. J.
Published: March 2023

Few empirical studies have examined how people understand counterfactual explanations for other people’s decisions, for example, “if you had asked for a lower amount, your loan application would have been approved”.Yet many current Artificial Intelligence (AI) decision support systems rely on counterfactual explanations to improve human understanding and trust. We compared counterfactual explanations to causal ones, i.e.,“because you asked for a high amount, your loan application was not approved”, for an AI’s decisions in a familiar domain (alcohol and driving) and an unfamiliar one (chemical safety) in four experiments (n = 731). Participants were shown inputs to an AI system, its decisions, and an explanation for each decision; they attempted to predict the AI’s decisions, or to make their own decisions. Participants judged counterfactual explanations more helpful than causal ones, but counterfactuals did not improve the accuracy of their predictions of the AI’s decisions more than causals (Experiment 1). However, counterfactuals improved the accuracy of participants’ own decisions more than causals (Experiment 2). When the AI’s decisions were correct (Experiments 1 and 2), participants considered explanations more helpful and made more accurate judgements in the familiar domain than in the unfamiliar one; but when the AI’s decisions were incorrect, they considered explanations less helpful and made fewer accurate judgements in the familiar domain than the unfamiliar one, whether they predicted the AI’s decisions (Experiment 3a) or made their own decisions (Experiment 3b). The results corroborate the proposal that counterfactuals provide richer information than causals, because their mental representation includes more possibilities.
Ultra-low energy amorphization of contaminated silicon samples investigated by Molecular Dynamics
Authors: Defoort-Levkov Grégoire R N , Bahm Alan S , Philipp Patrick
Published: March 2023

Ion beam processes related to focused ion beam (FIB) milling, surface patterning and secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) require precision and control, the quality and cleanliness of the sample being a detrimental factor. Furthermore, several domains of nanotechnology and industry use nano-scaled samples that need to be controlled to an extreme level of precision. To reduce the irradiation-induced damage and to limit the interactions of the ions with the sample, low energy ion beams are used due to their low implantation depths. Yet, low energy ion beams come with a variety of challenges. Indeed, for such low energies, the residual gas molecules in the instrument chamber can adsorb on the sample surface and impact the ion beam processes. In this paper we pursue an investigation on the effects of the most common contaminant, water, sputtered by ultra-low energy ion beams, ranging from 50 to 500 eV and covering the full range of incidence angles, using Molecular Dynamics (MD) simulations with the ReaxFF potential. From this study we show that the expected sputtering yields trends are respected down to the lowest sputtering yields, a region of interest with low damage being obtained for incidence angles around 60 to 75°. We also demonstrate that higher energies induce a larger removal of the water contaminant and at the same time induce an increased amorphization, which produces a trade-off between sample cleanliness and damage.
El nearshoring en el Perú
Authors: Martel-Carranza Christian
Published: March 2023

En los últimos años, el nearshoring ha cobrado mayor importancia en la región de América Latina debido a la creciente competencia en el mercado global y las necesidades de reducción de costos y mejora de la eficiencia. Según un estudio realizado por la consultora Frost & Sullivan (2020), elmercado de nearshoring en Latinoamérica alcanzó los 8000 millones de dólares en 2020 y se espera  que siga creciendo en los próximos años.
Increasing Crop Production Benefits to Small Producers in Bangladesh
Authors:   International Food Policy Research Institute, Bryan Elizabeth , Ringler Claudia ,   International Food Policy Research Institute, Ahmed Akhter ,   International Food Policy Research Institute, Bell Andrew Reid ,   New York University
Published: March 2023

Agricultural production in South Asia is characterized by intensive use of inputs, such as fertilizers and irrigation water, and by a focus on production of staple crops, especially rice. However, continued growth of the agriculture sector is hampered by a number of challenges. In Bangladesh, these challenges include declining productivity of inputs, resource degradation, and lack of crop diversification. Expansion of agricultural lands is not an option given high population density. Rather, greater efficiency in agricultural production is needed to increase benefits to small producers. This paper examined the benefits of key crop production decisions for rural livelihoods across Bangladesh in order to suggest ways in which producers can increase returns to crop production. The study used plot-level data from a household survey to estimate the relative contribution of various inputs and practices to the total value of production from a given plot over the course of one year. Results were run separately for upper and lower expenditure quintiles to compare production outcomes for richer and poorer households. Three key results emerged: (1) that urea subsidies yielded benefits, though these might not be reaching those that needed it most; (2) that access to groundwater resulted in better production outcomes than access to surface water; and (3) that returns were greater from plots where rice was rotated with other crops.
Contract Farming through Tea-Horticulture Intercropping System: A Case Study of Gambung Estate and Horticultural Farmers in Bandung, Indonesia
Authors:   Indonesia Research Institute for Tea and Cinchona, Sita Kralawi , Rosyadi Achmad Imron , Aji Tri Maruto
Published: March 2023

Contract farming is becoming a viable form of partnership between tea plantation companies and local farmers in the management of tea plantations. This study aimed to: (1) describe a contract farming pattern through the system of intercropping tea-horticulture, (2) analyze the efficiency of the management of tea garden with contract farming, and (3) describe the benefits and sustainability of the contract farming between Gambung Estate and horticultural farmers. The case study was conducted in Gambung Estate using qualitative descriptive analysis and contract farming scheme analysis. The study observed that the contract farming patterns applied was a modified nucleus estate model with a combination of resource provisioning cooperation with production management cooperation. The challenges for future contract farming include land management, new skill transfer, climate change, and shared risk and effort between the two parties so that the bargaining position of horticultural farmers will be increased in the sustainable tea plantation management framework. Value of investment efficiency was 47 percent for new planting and 49 percent for replanting. The highest R/C and B/C values were given to the intercropping system of tea-chili at 2:25 and 1:25, respectively.
Book Review: Geographical Indications at the Crossroads of Trade, Development and Culture: Focus on Asia-Pacific
Authors:   Réseau - Echange - Développement Durable Association (REDD), Damary Peter
Published: March 2023

This book covers legal and institutional frameworks and debates surrounding Geographical Indications (GIs) in the Asia Pacific region, presenting both international situations and discussions, as well as how these are applied in most of the countries of the region. It opens up on discussions, on the relationship between GIs and traditional knowledge. More analysis on practical applications and implications of GI protections, and aspects on economic and social development would make this book a much more comprehensive resource for practitioners and policymakers.
Integrating Indigenous with Scientific Knowledge for the Development of Sustainable Agriculture: Studies in Shaanxi Province
Authors:   International Centre for Integrated Assessment and Sustainable development (ICIS), Maastricht University, Wang Jing
Published: March 2023

Smallholder farmers are the main stakeholders in agricultural development in China. Their agricultural knowledge (indigenous knowledge) influences their decisions and behaviors both directly and indirectly. However, the importance of smallholder-farmers’ indigenous knowledge is often ignored and not considered by influential actors, such as the government and scientists. This paper examines smallholder-farmers’ perspectives of agricultural knowledge use and acquisition, including their indigenous knowledge and scientific knowledge disseminated by government’s extension system. Both questionnaire and interview methods are applied. This study sheds light on smallholder-farmers’ perspectives on agricultural knowledge. We strongly argue that farmers should not be treated as passive followers in the development of agricultural knowledge.
Creating Momentum for Nutrition-Sensitive Agriculture: Experiences and Lessons from the Australian Aid Program
Authors:   CSIRO, Carter Lucy , Peishi Zalynn ,   Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade, Australia
Published: March 2023

Global efforts to improve malnutrition have regained considerable momentum. Enhancing cross-sectoral and multilevel coordination for accelerating progress in reaching global nutrition goals has been a key focus. These efforts have recast how the international development community plans for and implements agriculture policy and programming. While creating and maintaining political momentum for improved nutrition in high-burden countries must be a priority, building the institutional capacity of donor countries to orient investments for enhancing nutrition outcomes is key to this overall vision. From 2013 to 2015, the Australian aid program made significant progress in aligning its agriculture policy and programming to be more nutrition-sensitive. During this period, multiple influences converged to create the conditions for change. This paper takes a retrospective analysis of the shifts that transpired over this period, and the broader policy environment, which made these possible. The important role played by the Food Systems Innovation (FSI) initiative, a partnership between three Australian research and development players in driving this process, is highlighted. The lessons shared here are offered in the spirit of supporting other donors and organizations working in international agriculture development to undertake similar organizational-level action towards greater nutrition-sensitivity. In doing so, agriculture development programs will be better aligned to meet Sustainable Development Goal 2, which seeks to improve nutrition and sustainable agriculture globally. The paper concludes by highlighting the key priorities for sustaining momentum and converting this to results at the ground level.
Does Land Conflict Matter to Farm Productivity? A Case Study of Cambodia
Authors:   The Agency for Marine affairs and Fisheries, Muawanah Umi
Published: March 2023

Land-related conflicts in Cambodia have been garnering much attention. The Cambodian government, through the Prime Minister, pledged to resolve land-related disputes, as they not only hurt the people but negatively impact on the national development agenda. Land disputes are estimated to involve 200,000 poor Cambodians. The government has been urged by international aid agencies to solve land problems to aid rural development and alleviate poverty. This paper evaluates the determinants of land conflict and its impact on land productivity, and provides recommendations on land governance in Cambodia, using an extensive 2004 nationwide household survey data consisting of 15,000 households in 600 rural and 300 urban villages. In the face of a growing landless population, primarily with loss of ownership by female-headed households, this study finds evidence that suggests other approaches for policymakers in preventing a growing landless population and land conflict prevention. It was also found out that modalities of acquisition are not a dominant cause of land conflict, while posessing land title reduces the probability of getting one's land into dispute. The analysis finds evidence of negative impact of land conflicts on farm productivity. This finding supports the hypothesis of the study and confirms the downward spiral events of conflicts that impact on farm productivity. The most involved in land-related conflicts are agricultural lands, which may signify the community’s risk for low land productivity. The numerous land grabbing incidents in Cambodia may also lead to land conflicts. There is urgent call for the Cambodian government to solve land conflicts or improve land governance not only for agricultural development, but also for Cambodians’ rights over their lands. The impetus of resolving land issues, especially in rural Cambodia, will contribute to more effective poverty reduction efforts.
Interlinkages in Agro Supply Chains: An Empirical Investigation on Joint Socio-knowledge Development
Authors:   Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology, Shankaranarayanan Avinash , Hung Nguyen Manh ,   Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology, Hyde Peter ,   Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology, Amaldas Christine ,   Ritsumeikan University, Japan, Amaldas Marystella ,   International, KinderWorld Education Group, Vietnam, Watts Sean ,   Donga University, Vietnam
Published: March 2023

This paper examines the importance of information exchange in achieving efficient and collaborative supply chain best practices in Vietnamese agricultural industries. The study argues that joint knowledge development can be regarded as complementary assets to leverage supply chain information exchange (SCIE) and performance. This study used a resource-based view in its analysis. It employed statistical tests on a dataset consisting of 85 agricultural businesses in Vietnam, which was collected from a sample of 600 companies. The empirical results confirmed a strong association between a manufacturing fi rm’s information exchange and its joint knowledge development. Joint knowledge development has a mediating role in the supply chain such that SCIE can be attained. Accordingly, SCIE improves supply chain satisfaction and the operational and financial outcomes of SCIE characteristics. These findings are important for agricultural businesses that have to stretch their resources to accommodate their needs in executing sustainable agricultural strategies. In the future, researchers could conduct a longitudinal study and examine how SCIE evolves. A comparison of SCIEs between developed and developing economies could likewise be a noteworthy endeavor. This study opens up new research avenues in SCIE and suggests directions for future research and practice by exploring the conditions where SCIE can help to improve the performance of socio-knowledge development in agro supply chains.
A brief overview on the applications of hyaluronic acid in periodontal therapy
Authors:   Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dental Medicine, ”Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania, Soanca Andrada , Mastica Vlad ,   Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dental Medicine, ”Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania, Pall Emoke ,   Department of Veterinary Reproduction, Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Cluj-Napoca, Romania, Roman Alexandra ,   Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dental Medicine, ”Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania, Ciurea Andreea ,   Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dental Medicine, ”Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania, Onet Diana ,   Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dental Medicine, ”Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania, Micu Iulia Cristina ,   Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dental Medicine, ”Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania, Rusu Darian ,   Department of Periodontology, ”Anton Sculean” Research Center of Periodontal and Peri-implant Diseases, Faculty of Dental Medicine, ”Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timisoara, Romania
Published: March 2023

Hyaluronic acid (HA) is a component of the extracellular matrix of the non-mineralized and mineralized tissues, including the periodontium. HA have important physiological and biological properties. HA maintains the tissue volume, presents bacteriostatic, anti-inflammatory, osteoinductive, and angiogenetic properties, as well as stimulates many cell functions having a role in wound healing. HA has been used as an adjunctive in the treatment of gingivitis, periodontitis, gingival recessions, or in the reconstruction of papilla deficiencies. In periodontitis patients, the association of HA with subgingival mechanical instrumentation reduces local inflammation and its use with access flap results in larger attachment level gain of infrabony defects compared to control groups non treated with HA. HA application in conjunction with advanced flaps may improve gingival recession levels. HA injection for papillary deficiency seems to be a viable treatment option that improves clinical volume, esthetic outcomes and is associated with minimal pain.
Allergy skin testing with nonirritating concentrations of anesthetic agents
Authors:   ”Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania, Popescu Florin-Dan ,   ”Nicolae Malaxa” Clinical Hospital, Bucharest, Romania, Onitiu-Gherman Nadia ,   ”Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania,   Emergency County Hospital Cluj-Napoca, Cluj-Napoca, Romania, Caraghiulea Maria ,   ”Nicolae Malaxa” Clinical Hospital, Bucharest, Romania, Ganea Carmen Saviana ,   ”Nicolae Malaxa” Clinical Hospital, Bucharest, Romania, Preda Mariana ,   ”Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania,   ”Nicolae Malaxa” Clinical Hospital, Bucharest, Romania, Stanescu Ana Maria Alexandra ,   ”Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
Published: March 2023

Immediate hypersensitivity reactions to anesthetic agents are rare, but with a worrying morbidity and mortality rate. Allergy evaluation is mandatory when hypersensitivity reactions to anaesthetic agents are suspected. Skin prick tests and intradermal tests are important tools due to their clinical utility in establishing the diagnosis of IgE-mediated hypersensitivity and evaluation of cross-reactivity. This article presents, for informational purposes only, the nonirritating concentrations of general anesthetics and adjuvant agents, neuromuscular blocking agents and agents used in local and regional anesthesia, used in clinical practice for allergy skin testing according to international guidelines. The delayed hypersensitivity adverse reactions can be assessed by patch testing. Concentrations used for such skin testing with topical anesthetic agents from the European baseline series, international comprehensive baseline series and medicament series, are also presented.
Evaluation of metabolic control and chronic complications in a cohort of patients admitted to the County Emergency Hospital Braila
Authors:   Faculty of Medicine, ”Dunarea de Jos” University of Galati, Romania, Voineag Cristiana ,   County Emergency Hospital, Braila, Romania, Radulian Gabriela ,   ”Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania,   ”Nicolae Paulescu” Diabetes Institute, Bucharest, Romania, Postolache Bianca Demetra ,   County Emergency Hospital, Braila, Romania, Popescu Nicolae ,   County Emergency Hospital, Oradea, Romania
Published: March 2023

In Romanian specialized literature, there is no national/regional registry that highlights the number of people with diabetes as well as the micro and macrovascular complications that affect the quality of life and lead to high economic costs. In this sense, the purpose of this study was to create a database to highlight essential variables according to demographic aspects, anthropometric indicators, glycosylated hemoglobin, chronic complications secondary to diabetes in order to define a profile of the diabetic patient and in the implementation of a early management algorithm in the Braila county hospital.
Diabetes Mellitus in the Internal Medicine Department of the Regional Hospital in Peja January-December 2021
Authors:   Faculty of Medicine, ", Pelaj Besarta ,   Fehmi Agani",   University of Gjakova, Gjakova, Kosovo
Published: March 2023

Diabetes is a relatively common disease that affects 2-4% of the US population. This disease develops due to lack of insulin and presents with chronic disorders of carbohydrate metabolism as well as fat and protein metabolism. Aims. To present the number of cases that have been affected by Diabetes mellitus in the region of Peja in the period January to December 2021 compared with the number of diabetes in people with Covid19 in the same ward. Material and methods. The descriptive component of the epidemiological method from the retrospective aspect was used. Results. A total of 500 patients with diabetes were admitted to the Internal Medicine ward of the Peja Regional Hospital (200 were with Covid-19), and 62 patients were registered in this ward for obtaining diabetes booklets who entered insulin for the first time (a total of 562 patients). From January to December, 2021, 99 patients with diabetes were presented for the first time, out of these 60 were with covid19 who hope that after 1-3 months they will not have diabetes and we are in contact, we are following them, as well as 39 patients who did not have covid19 are first-time diabetics. During the period January, February, March, April, May, August and September, 374 patients were treated in the Internal Medicine. Conclusions. Based on the inclusion of this disease in the Peja Region, the data will serve us to take measures to prevent DM starting with patient education and to recommend preventive measures.
Tip 2 Diyabetli Bireylerin Ayak Sağlığı Durumu ve Ayak Öz Bakım Aktivitelerinin Değerlendirilmesi
Authors: AZAK Oktay , KILIÇ Meryem
Published: March 2023

Bu çalışmada, Tip 2 diyabetli bireylerin ayak sağlığı sorunları ve ayak öz bakım aktiviteleri değerlendirilmesi amaçlandı. Tanımlayıcı ve kesitsel türde olan çalışma, Ocak 2021-Mayıs 2021 tarihleri arasında vakıf üniversitesi hastanesi endokrinoloji ve metabolizma hastalıkları polikliniğinde yürütüldü. Araştırmaya 202 Tip 2 diyabetli birey katıldı. Veriler, tanıtıcı özellikler, ayak öz bakım aktiviteleri ve ayak muayene formu ile toplandı. Verilerin analizinde ortalama, standart sapma, frekans, yüzde, Ki-Kare ve Mann Whitney U testi kullanıldı. Araştırmaya katılan diyabetli bireylerin yaş ortalaması 59,43±12,54 yıl, diyabet süresi 9,65±7,00 yıl, %55,9 (113)’unun erkek, %44,1 (89)’inin kadın, %36,6 (74)’sının okuma yazma bildiği belirlendi. Diyabetli bireylerin %69,8’inin ayağında kuruluk, %23,8’inde çatlak, %49,0’unun tırnaklarını düz kestiği, en yüksek oranda ayaklarında yanma ve karıncalanma, uyuşma gibi şikayetler yaşadığı belirlendi. Yaşı, sistolik kan basıncı ve diyabet süresi yüksek olan, eğitim ve gelir seviyesi düşük olan, diyabet dışında kronik hastalığı, diyabete bağlı gelişen komplikasyonu ve HbA1c değeri ≥ %7,5’in üzerinde olan diyabetli bireylerin istatistiksel açıdan daha fazla ayak sorunu yaşadığı belirlendi (p=0,009, p=0,002, p=0,006, p=0,000, p=0,005, p=0,004, p=0,001). Diyabetli bireylerin ayağında çoğunlukla kuruluk şikayeti yaşandıkları (141, %69,8) fakat, yüksek oranda nemlendirici kullanmadıkları (88, %43,6) ve tırnaklarını kontrol etmedikleri (101, %50) belirlendi. Çalışma sonucunda, diyabetli bireylerin çeşitli ayak sorunları yaşadıkları ve doğru olmayan ayak bakım davranışlarının olduğu belirlendi. Diyabetli bireylerin düzenli aralıklarla ayaklarının muayene edilerek, ayak sorunlarına yönelik bakım ve tedavi almaları için yönlendirilmesi ve doğru ayak bakımı uygulamaları konusunda eğitilmesi önerilebilir.
Acil Yardım ve Afet Yönetimi Öğrencilerinin Afet Farkındalığı ve Afetlere Yönelik Tutumlarının Değerlendirilmesi: Gümüşhane İli Örneği
Authors: BORAN Nurdan , ULUTAŞDEMİR Nilgün
Published: March 2023

Bu araştırma Gümüşhane Üniversitesi Sağlık Bi-limleri Fakültesi Acil Yardım ve Afet Yönetimi Bölü-mü öğrencilerinin afet farkındalığı ve afetlere yönelik tutumlarını değerlendirilmek amacıyla yapılmıştır. Kesitsel ve tanımlayıcı tipte olan araştırmanın evreni-ni Nisan-Haziran 2021 tarihinde araştırmanın yapıl-dığı bölümde öğrenim gören öğrenciler (501 kişi) oluş-turmuştur. Herhangi bir örneklem yöntemi seçilmeyip evrenin tamamına ulaşılması planlanmış ve COVID-19 pandemisi nedeniyle google form aracılığıyla çev-rimiçi uygulanarak 349 kişiye ulaşılmıştır. Araştırma-nın verileri; araştırmacılar tarafından literatür incele-nerek oluşturulan sosyodemografik özellikler, afet, afet yönetimi, afet farkındalığı, afetlere hazırlık du-rumları, afetlere karşı tutumlarına ilişkin öğrencilerin görüşlerini değerlendirmeye yönelik sorular ile Afet Tutum Ölçeği (ATÖ) sorularından oluşan anket çevrim içi uygulanmıştır. Verilerin istatistiksel analizinde fre-kans, t testi, Mann Whitney U, Kruskal Wallis, ANO-VA testi ve korelasyon analizi kullanılmıştır. Bu araş-tırmada Gümüşhane Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Fa-kültesi Acil Yardım ve Afet Yönetimi Bölümünde eğitim gören öğrencilerin afet tutumlarının bilişsel, duyuşsal ve genel boyutun orta düzeyin üzerinde bir ortalamaya sahip olduğu bulunurken davranışsal boyutun orta düzeyin altında bir ortalamaya sahip olduğu tespit edilmiştir.
Egzersize Bağlı Modellenen Anjiyogenez Mekanizmasında Fizyolojik Değişimler: Kalp Kası ve İskelet Kası İncelemesi
Authors: YASUL Yavuz , AKBULUT Taner , YASUL Muhammet Enes
Published: March 2023

Kalp ve iskelet kasındaki metabolik değişimler ile anjiyogenez arasında yakın bir etkileşimin olduğu bilinmektedir. Ancak egzersizin bu iki doku üzerindeki etkisine bağlı olarak ortaya çıkaracağı anjiyojenik hareketliliğin serüveni tam anlamıyla aydınlığa kavuşturulamamıştır. Bu sebeple mevcut araştırma egzersizin fiziksel etkisine maruz kalan kalp kası ve iskelet kası dokularının fizyolojik anjiyogeneze nasıl cevaplar verdiğinin irdelenmesi amacı ile geleneksel derleme türünde hazırlanmıştır. Bu derleme yayın yılı kısıtlaması olmadan PubMed, Google Scholar, Web of Science ve ULAKBİM veri tabanlarındaki literatürden oluşturulmuştur. Literatür taramasında 4 Türkçe anahtar kelime (egzersiz, anjiyogenez, kalp kası, iskelet kası) ve bunların ingilizceleri kullanılarak ulaşılan yayınlar incelenmiştir. Egzersizin anjiyogenezi teşviki konusundaki rolü, anjiyogenez mekanizması üzerindeki etkisi ve doku yapısındaki anjiyonegez hareketliliğine olan katkısının derinlemesine tartışılması yeni terapötik hedefleri keşfetmeye rehberlik edebilir. Bu kapsamda çalışma egzersize bağlı anjiyogenezin kalp kası ve iskelet kasındaki yeniden modellenme mekanizmalarını ve fizyolojik çabasını açıklamaya yönelik sürdürülen araştırmalara odaklanmıştır. Yapılan literatür incelemesi ışığında egzersizin hem kalp kası hem de iskelet kasında fizyolojik anjiyogenezi modelleme konusundaki çabasının dikkate değer olduğu ve sporcularda sportif performans artışını önemli düzeyde etkileyebileceği ifade edilebilir.
Ön Çapraz Bağ Ameliyatı Olan Sporcuların Spora Dönüşlerindeki Duyguları, Performansta Kendine Güvenleri ve Risk Değerlendirmeleri
Authors: Ekizoğlu Özlem , Sever Mehmet Onur
Published: March 2023

Ön çapraz bağ yaralanması sonrası sporcuların, spora geri dönmeye hazır olup olmadığını ve psikolojik müdahaleye ihtiyaç duyup duymadığını tespit etmeye yardımcı olması amacıyla bu çalışma gerçekleştirilmiştir. Ön çapraz bağ yaralanması (ÖÇB) sonrası spora dönüş envanteri; duyguları, performansta kendine güveni ve risk değerlendirmelerini ölçen ve mevcut kanıtları özetleyen bir ölçüm aracıdır. Son 2 yıl içinde ön çapraz bağ yaralanması sonrası ameliyat olan, aktif futbol oynayan ve araştırmaya gönüllü katılım sağlayan toplam 153 futbol oyuncusu araştırma grubumuzu oluşturmaktadır. Araştırmanın konusu, katılım şartları ve ölçek bilgileri, e-posta yoluyla 61 farklı kulüp yönetimine ve antrenörlere iletilmiştir. Google Form’ dan oluşturulan ölçek linkinin ilgili sporcularla paylaşılması istenmiştir. Google form linki ilgili sporculara ulaştırılmış ve veriler toplanmıştır. Veriler, SPSS 21.0 paketine aktarılarak her soruya verilen cevapların, frekans analizleri alınmıştır. Sonuç olarak, ön çapraz bağ yaralanması sonrası sporcuların çoğunluğu spor yaparken bazen endişelendiğini, dizini düşünmek sinirlerini bozduğunu, yeniden yaralanma ve kazayla yaralanma korkularının olduğu görülmektedir. Sporcuların dizlerini yeniden yaralayabileceklerini düşünmelerine rağmen bu durumun kendilerini spordan alıkoymadığı sonucuna ulaşılmıştır.
Spor Yapan ve Yapmayan Bireylerde Sağlıklı Olma Kültürü ve Fiziksel Aktivite Durumları
Authors: KUSAN Osman
Published: March 2023

Bu araştırmada, spor yapan ve yapmayan bireylerde sağlıklı olma kültürü ve bilişsel davranışçı fiziksel aktivite durumlarının bazı demografik bilgiler açısından incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Çalışmada, betimsel nitelik taşıyan ilişkisel tarama modeli kullanılmıştır. Araştırmanın evrenini, aktif olarak spor yapan ve yapmayan bireyler oluşturmaktadır. Örneklem ise, 2022 yılında aktif olarak spor yapan ve yapmayan bireyler arasından tesadüfi örneklem yöntemiyle seçilen 371 kişiden oluşmaktadır. Ölçeklerden elde edilen verilerin analizinde, ikili gruplar (cinsiyet, spor yapma durumu ve medeni durum) için Student t-testi, ikiden fazla gruplar (yaş, gelir düzeyi ve eğitim durumu) için Tek Yönlü Varyans Analizi ve Tukey çoklu karşılaştırma testi uygulanmıştır. Araştırmada, bireylerin medeni durumlarına göre ölçek toplam puanları arasında anlamlı bir farklılık tespit edilemedi. Bununla birlikte, cinsiyet ve gelir durumuna göre sağlıklı olma kültürünün alt boyutları olan bireysel eylemlerin eleştirisi ve yargı alt boyutlarında anlamlı farklılıklar tespit edildi. Kadın ve gelir durumu yüksek olan bireylerin daha yüksek farkındalığa sahip olduğu görüldü. Ayrıca, 26 yaş ve üzeri kişilerin 18-25 yaş aralığındaki bireylere göre, lisans mezunu olan bireylerin ise ön-lisans mezunu olan bireylere göre sağlıklı olma kültürlerinin daha yüksek çıktığı tespit edildi. Fiziksel aktivite durumuna göre, orta ve düşük gelire sahip olan bireylerin yüksek gelire sahip olanlara, lisans mezunu kişilerin ise ön lisans mezunlarına göre sonuç beklentilerinin daha fazla olduğu tespit edildi. Aktif olarak spor yapan bireylerin spor yapmayanlara göre hem sağlıklı olma kültürü hem de bilişsel davranışçı fiziksel aktivite durumlarının daha yüksek çıktığı görülmüştür. Sonuç olarak, toplumun aktif hale getirilmesiyle fiziksel aktivite seviyesi ve sağlıklı bir yaşam sürdürülmesinin sağlanması, sağlık harcamalarını azaltmaya ve obezite nedeniyle ölümlerin azaltılmasına yardımcı olacağı düşünülmektedir.
Üniversite Öğrencilerinin Serviks Kanseri ve Human Papilloma Virus Aşısına İlişkin Bilgilerinin Değerlendirilmesi
Authors: GÖÇER Şemsinnur , ÜSTÜNDAĞ ÖCAL Nursel
Published: March 2023

Bu çalışmada, üniversitedeki kız öğrencilerin, serviks kanseri ve Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) aşısına ilişkin bilgilerinin belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Tanımlayıcı tipteki bu araştırma, Yozgat Bozok Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi 2019-2020 döneminde temel eğitim bilimleri okul öncesi öğretmenliği ve sınıf eğitimi bölümlerinde öğrenim görmekte olan 300 kız öğrenciyle yapılmıştır. Veriler Ki kare testi ile değerlendirilmiş olup, p değerinin 0,05’ten küçük olması anlamlı olarak kabul edilmiştir. Öğrencilerin %63,9’u HPV hakkında bilgi sahibi olmadıklarını, %93,3’ü HPV aşısını duyduklarını, %38,0’ı kansere karşı %35,0’ı ise cinsel yolla bulaşan hastalıklara karşı koruyucu olduğunu, %58,3’ü HPV aşısının kimlere yapılması gerektiğini bilmediklerini ve %13,0’ı HPV aşısının zararlı olduğunu ifade etmiştir. Evli, çalışan ve sigara içen öğrencilerin HPV hakkında bilgi sahibi olma durumu anlamlı düzeyde yüksekti. Öğrencilerin HPV ve aşısı hakkında belirli bir bilgi birikimine sahip oldukları, ancak bu bilginin istendik düzeyde olmadığı belirlenmiştir.
Dissipative Capture of Planets into First-order Mean-motion Resonances
Authors: Batygin Konstantin , Petit Antoine C.
Published: March 2023

The emergence of orbital resonances among planets is a natural consequence of the early dynamical evolution of planetary systems. While it is well established that convergent migration is necessary for mean-motion commensurabilities to emerge, recent numerical experiments have shown that the existing adiabatic theory of resonant capture provides an incomplete description of the relevant physics, leading to an erroneous mass scaling in the regime of strong dissipation. In this work, we develop a new model for resonance capture that self-consistently accounts for migration and circularization of planetary orbits, and derive an analytic criterion based upon stability analysis that describes the conditions necessary for the formation of mean-motion resonances. We subsequently test our results against numerical simulations and find satisfactory agreement. Our results elucidate the critical role played by adiabaticity and resonant stability in shaping the orbital architectures of planetary systems during the nebular epoch, and provide a valuable tool for understanding their primordial dynamical evolution.
Caribbean pygmy jumping leaves (Tetrigidae, Cladonotinae, Choriphyllini)
Authors: Skejo Josip , Yong Sheyla , Bogić Domagoj , Kasalo Niko
Published: March 2023

The tribe Choriphyllini Cadena-Castañeda & Silva, 2019 consists of only two genera, Choriphyllum Serville, 1838 and Phyllotettix Hancock, 1902b, combining leaf-like Caribbean wide-nosed pygmy grasshoppers (Tetrigidae, Cladonotinae). The genus Choriphyllum has four species, C. bahamense Perez-Gelabert & Otte, 1999 from the Bahamas (Hummingbird Cay Island), and C. sagrai Serville, 1838, C. saussurei Bolívar, 1887 and C. wallaceum Skejo, Kasalo & Yong, sp. nov. from Cuba. The gender of C. bahamensis is changed to C. bahamense in order to match the grammatical gender of the genus, which is neuter. Silva’s designation of C. sagrai, the type species of Choriphyllum, as nomen dubium in 2019 was incorrect as Serville’s drawing clearly points to this species, endemic to Cuba, so nothing about its identity is doubtful. The genus Phyllotettix is endemic to Jamaica, where four species live: P. rhombeus (Felton, 1765), P. foliatus (Hancock, 1902a), P. compressus (Thunberg, 1815) and P. plagiatus (Walker, 1871), comb. nov. of Choriphyllum plagiatum. Choriphyllum westwoodi Hancock, 1902a, syn. nov. is synonymous with Phyllotettix rhombeus and not with P. compressus. A new subgenus is established, Phyllotettix (Rhombotettix)subgen. nov. for P. (R.) plagiatuscomb. nov. and P. (R.) rhombeus. A new species complex, Phyllotettix (compressus)sp. complex nov. is established for two morphologically close species, P. compressus, and P. foliatus; while another new species complex, Choriphyllum (sagrai)sp. complex nov. includes C. sagrai and C. wallaceumsp. nov. An annotated key to genera, subgenera, species groups and species is provided.
Larissimus nigricans sp. nov. (Hymenoptera, Braconidae), a new reared species of a rare neotropical genus recovered through biodiversity inventory in Ecuador
Authors: Carrington-Hoekstra Pomona , Fernandez-Triana Jose , Dyer Lee A. , Whitfield James
Published: March 2023

A new species of the rarely collected neotropical microgastrine braconid wasp genus Larissimus Nixon, represented previously by only a single described species, L. cassander Nixon, was recovered by the Caterpillars and Parasitoids of the Eastern Andes in Ecuador inventory project. Larissimus nigricanssp. nov. was reared from an unidentified species of arctiine Erebidae feeding on the common bamboo species Chusquea scandens Kunth at the Yanayacu Biological Station near Cosanga, Napo Province, Ecuador. The new species is described and diagnosed from L. cassander using both morphological and DNA barcode data.
New species and records of the genus Antocha Osten Sacken (Diptera, Limoniidae) from Tibet, China with a key to species in Qinghai-Tibet region
Authors: Lv Hanhuiying , Sun Juan , Wang Ning , Yang Ding , Zhang Xiao
Published: March 2023

Thirty-four known species and subspecies of the genus Antocha Osten Sacken, 1860 have been recorded from China, of which four occur in Tibet. Herein, two new Antocha species, A. (Antocha) curvativasp. nov. and A. (A.) tibetanasp. nov., are described and illustrated from Tibet. The new species are distinguished from congeners mainly by their male genitalia. Antocha (A.) spiralis Alexander, 1932 and A. (A.) setigera Alexander, 1933, which are newly recorded in Tibet, are redescribed and illustrated. A key to Antocha species in the Qinghai-Tibet region of China is also presented.
New records of Nitidulidae (Nitidulidae, Coleoptera) species in Canada, Ontario, and Manitoba
Authors: Reed Sharon E. , Dutkiewicz David , Ross Fiona , Llewellyn Jennifer , Fraser Hannah
Published: March 2023

Nitidulidae trapping performed from 2018 to 2021 to characterize flight behaviors of potential vectors of the oak wilt pathogen yielded three new species records for Canada, six new species records for Ontario, and three new species records for Manitoba. The new records for Canada include Carpophilus (Ecnomorphus) corticinus reported from Ontario, C. (Myothorax) nepos reported from Ontario and Manitoba, and Glischrochilus (Librodor) obtusus reported from Ontario. In addition, the following species are first recorded in Ontario: Carpophilus (Ecnomorphus) antiquus, C. (Megacarpolus) sayi,Stelidota coenosa; and also in Manitoba: Carpophilus (Megacarpolus) lugubris andCychramus adustus. Collection data is provided for the two provinces and national records.
Scottish Education: A Crisis of Confidence and Trust
Authors: Humes Walter
Published: March 2023

This article explains how education in Scotland is different from that in other parts of the United Kingdom, noting the importance of both traditional values and the current political context. Concerns about standards are discussed in relation to three main issues: the Scottish curriculum;
the comprehensive principle; and attempts at structural reform. It is argued that, while the need for cultural change is acknowledged, it has not yet been adequately addressed. Restoring confidence and trust among teachers will require stronger intellectual leadership, a redistribution of
power and an invigorated policy community.
L’isolement social dans une société de solidarité. Le cas des Sereer Siin au Sénégal
Authors: Deslauriers Véronique , Bignami Simona , Delaunay Valérie , Sandberg John
Published: March 2023

Bien que l’Afrique subsaharienne soit le terrain de mutations sociales importantes, notamment quant au rôle de soutien que jouent les familles, le phénomène de l’isolement social y demeure peu abordé. Cet article a pour objectif d’identifier un cadre théorique pour étudier l’isolement social dans les sociétés de solidarité d’Afrique subsaharienne et de décrire comment cet isolement se manifeste chez les Sereer Siin au Sénégal. L’analyse s’appuie sur 52 entretiens réalisés dans le cadre d’une enquête sur les réseaux sociaux menée sur le territoire de l’Observatoire de population de Niakhar (Niakhar Social Networks and Health Project). Ces données suggèrent que l’isolement se manifeste à travers l’incapacité à se maintenir dans le système d’assurance informelle et que l’expérience migratoire (migration de travail pour les hommes et matrimoniale pour les femmes) est un facteur explicatif des situations d’isolement, lorsqu’elle intervient dans certains contextes comme ceux de conflits familiaux et d’appauvrissement.
Existence and multiplicity of positive solutions for one-dimensional $ p $-Laplacian problem with sign-changing weight
Authors: Miao Liangying , Xu Man , He Zhiqian
Published: March 2023

In this paper, we show the positive solutions set for one-dimensional $ p $-Laplacian problem with sign-changing weight contains a reversed $ S $-shaped continuum. By figuring the shape of unbounded continuum of positive solutions, we identify the interval of bifurcation parameter in which the $ p $-Laplacian problem has one or two or three positive solutions according to the asymptotic behavior of nonlinear term at 0 and $ \infty $. The proof of the main result is based upon bifurcation technique.
High-order compact difference methods for solving two-dimensional nonlinear wave equations
Authors: Wang Shuaikang , Jiang Yunzhi , Ge Yongbin
Published: March 2023

Nonlinear wave equations are widely used in many areas of science and engineering. This paper proposes two high-order compact (HOC) difference schemes with convergence orders of $ O\left({{\tau ^4} + h_x^4 + h_y^4} \right) $ that can be used to solve nonlinear wave equations. The first scheme is a nonlinear compact difference scheme with three temporal levels. After calculating the second-order spatial derivatives of the previous time level using the Padé scheme, numerical solutions of the next time level are obtained through repeated iterations. The second scheme is a three-level linearized compact difference scheme. Unlike the first scheme, iterations are not required and it obtains numerical solutions through an explicit calculation. The two proposed schemes are applied to solutions of the coupled sine-Gordon equations. Finally, some numerical experiments are presented to confirm the effectiveness and accuracy of the proposed schemes.
Plot-aware transformer for recommender systems
Authors: Wang Suhua , Huang Zhen , Zhang Bingjie , Heng Xiantao , Jiang Yeyi , Sun Xiaoxin
Published: March 2023

Plot text is very valuable supporting information in movie recommendations. It has several characteristics: 1) It is rich in content. Each movie often has a document of more than 200 words to describe it, which can give the movie a rich semantic meaning. 2) Objectivity. Plot texts are different from review information. A movie may have thousands of reviews with mixed and conflicting opinions. However, a film has only one plot text, which is fair in tone and does not take a position. Despite its appealing properties and potential for accurate movie portrayal, the lack of a building block for effectively mining plot semantics has led to the marginalization of plot text in the design of movie recommendation algorithms. Therefore, in this paper, we explore the application of the Transformer, currently the best natural language processing module, to learning movie plot texts to help achieve more accurate rating prediction. We propose the "Plot-Aware Transformer" model (PAT) to model the process of "user-movie" rating interaction. We test the PAT model on several movie datasets and demonstrated that the model is competitive. In all tasks, PAT achieves state-of-the-art performance compared to baseline experiments.
A robust MADM-approach to recruitment-based pattern recognition by using similarity measures of interval-valued fuzzy hypersoft set
Authors: Arshad Muhammad , Saeed Muhammad , Khan Khuram Ali , Shah Nehad Ali , Weera Wajaree , Chung Jae Dong
Published: March 2023

Interval-valued fuzzy hypersoft set ($ \mathbb{IVFHSS} $) is considered a pertinent fuzzy set-like model that is the combination of an interval-valued fuzzy set and a hypersoft set. It is more flexible and trustworthy for dealing with information-based uncertainties due to the consideration of interval-based hypersoft settings. This kind of setting enables the decision makers to approximate the alternatives in terms of interval-type opinions by considering multiple arguments concurrently. These features make it a fitting model for dealing with uncertain decision-making scenarios like the recruitment process. The vagueness arises in the recruitment process when the data obtained is hesitant. The analogous educational norms among the candidates may increase its complexity. Evaluation techniques focus on leveling hypersoft sets for grading several alternatives based on multi-arguments. When several alternatives have an identical status, such grading systems frequently encounter problems, making it challenging for decision-makers to select the preeminent alternative. This settlement of such an issue is the basis of this article. Thus, in this study, first the axiomatic notions of similarity measures between $ \mathbb{IVFHSS}s $ are characterized, and then their relevant theorem is proved. In order to provide a consistent decision-support framework for the recruitment process, a robust algorithm is proposed. Finally, the effectiveness, feasibility, and efficiency of the proposed model are demonstrated through the depiction of recruitment-based pattern recognition.