bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
UNVEILING THE CUTTING EDGE CURRENT TRENDS IN RECOMBINANT DNA TECHNOLOGY
Authors: Jeyakumar Sri Sneha , Durai Kohila , Subramaniyam Darshini , Murugesan Dr. Arul Kumar
Published: June 2024

Recombinant technology, a groundbreaking field at the intersection of genetics and biotechnology, has revolutionized numerous aspects of modern science and industry. This abstract highlights the latest trends in recombinant technology, showcasing the advancements and applications that have shaped the landscape of research, medicine, agriculture, and environmental sustainability. We explore the recent progress in gene editing techniques, with a particular focus on CRISPR-Cas9 and its derivatives and other novel gene-editing tools. These technologies have revolutionized the ability to precisely edit genetic information, enabling targeted modifications in diverse organisms, including humans, animals, plants, and microbes. The construction of synthetic gene circuits and genetic pathways has allowed researchers to engineer organisms for specific functions, ranging from the production of high- value pharmaceuticals and biofuels to environmental remediation. Furthermore, it sheds light on the growing utilization of recombinant proteins in therapeutic applications. Recombinant insulin, monoclonal antibodies, and vaccines are just a few examples of game-changing medical products produced through recombinant technology. The potential of personalized medicine, gene therapies, and immunotherapy’s is also explored, highlighting the transformative impact on patient care and disease management. Moreover, the abstract touches upon the ethical and regulatory challenges arising from the rapid progress in recombinant technology. As the boundaries of what can be achieved continue to expand, there is a pressing need to address potential risks and ensure responsible use.
REMOVAL OF SPILLED OIL DEPOSITS THROUGH BIOREMEDIATION
Authors: Hemamalini Nallaiah , Shanmugam Seerappalli Aran , Kathirvelpandian Ayyathurai , Suresh Eswaran , Ezhilmathi Selvaram
Published: June 2024

Oil spills have occurred in the environment since the last century, mainly due to transportation and oil processing. Due to the threats, it poses to the environment, the economy, and society, it should be handled carefully. The oil spills can be cleaned up using various physical, chemical, and biological techniques. Bioremediation is the most promising method for pollutant removal compared to the physicochemical method, especially after the Exxon Valdez oil spill. Bioremediation has several advantages over other methods, such as cost-effective and environmentally friendly technology. Both natural and genetically modified microbes can be applied to polluted sites with enriched nutrients. Bioremediation can be divided into bioattenuation, biostimulation and bioaugmentation based on the method followed to remove the pollutants. The researchers have carefully evaluated these methods for oil treatments in the laboratory and, to a lesser extent, in the field.
CIRCULAR RNA: AN EMERGING LANDSCAPE IN RNA BIOLOGY AND BEYOND
Authors: D Dalini , V Subashini
Published: June 2024

Circular RNAs (circRNAs) have recently emerged as a fascinating and abundant class of non-coding RNAs, capturing the attention of researchers in the field of biotechnology. These covalently closed RNA molecules were once considered asby-products of splicing errors. However, advances in high-throughput sequencing and bioinformatics have revealed their pervasive presence across various species and tissues.Our chapter intends to summarise the main implication of circRNAs in their biogenesis and degradation mechanisms, their role in altering gene expression, translation into several proteins, as biomarkers for human diseases, their therapeutic potential, and their application in stem cell biology and various computational approaches and tools for their analysis. This chapter aims to encourage the research of circular RNA in the molecular biology field.
CYANOBACTERIA, A TOOL FOR PLANETARY ENGINEERING
Authors: Ninan Merin Ann , Jiji Merin Grace , Ponnachen homas Valukattil , Thomas Binoy Thundiathu
Published: June 2024

Cyanobacteria, the prokaryote played a pivotal role in the formation of present-day earth. During the null and void times of earth with extreme climatic conditions there could be traced the presence of cyanobacteria and their mode of survival includes a number of reasons which is being discussed in detail through this paper. This review details into cyanobacterial evolution of photosynthesis and its stress adaptations and avoidance mechanisms. Furthermore, details into the key cause for evolution of life forms in the initial earth.
FUTURISTIC BIOTECHNOLOGICAL APPROACHES FOR ROLE OF MICROBES IN SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE AND ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION
Authors: Mohammed Shakeel Ahmed , Aman Shahbaz , Singh Bharat
Published: June 2024

Climate change and growing global population has needed increased demand for sustainable agricultural practices. Researchers and scientists are exploring innovative solutions to enhance agricultural productivity with minimal hazardous impact on environment. Beneficial microorganisms have emerged as promising candidates in this pursuit where potentially important microbes includes Rhodococcus strains that showed exceptional properties to produce biosurfactants, enabling fine-tuning for soil remediation and oil spill treatment. They contribute to the circular economy by converting waste materials into valuable extracellular glycolipids. Genetic engineering techniques further enhance biosurfactant yields, offering new drives in sustainable agriculture. Azotobacter, a nitrogen-fixing bacterium, efficiently converts atmospheric nitrogen into ammonia, providing an eco-friendly alternative to nitrogen-based fertilizers. It also produces plant growth-promoting substances that regulate plant development, improve nutrient uptake, and enhance resistance to environmental stresses. Bacillus subtilis, a biofilm-forming Rhizobacterium, stimulates plant growth through the production of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and siderophores, promoting nutrient availability for plants. Bacillus subtilis' metabolic capabilities and stress-response genes offer potential applications in organic farming and biotechnology. To address climate change's impact on agriculture, researchers and farmers are exploring innovative solutions, including the use of beneficial microorganisms as biofertilizers. Rhodopseudomonas palustris, a phototropic purple non-sulfur bacterium, shows promise in enhancing the plant growth, nutrient uptake efficiency, and soil contamination reduction. Siderophores, iron-chelating molecules, play crucial roles in regulating iron uptake by bacteria and plants. Heterobactins produced by Rhodococcus spp. have potential for iron sequestration and microbial interactions. However, implementation of genetic engineering tools can increase siderophore production, improving nutrient uptake and crop yields. Beneficial strains like Mst 8.2 and Alcaligenes faecalis enhance pathogen resistance and nutrient uptake in genetically modified crops, contributing to environmental sustainability and ecosystem health. In view of such important properties of these microbes we have attempted to summarize the agriculture and industrial values of bio-economical microbes and their respective byproducts.
NANOTECHNOLOGY IN BIOSENSORS
Authors: Poria Renu , Poria Rachna , Sharma Surbhi , Dahiya Usha , Kaushal Ankur , Gupta Shagun
Published: June 2024

This chapter explores the integration of nanotechnology into biosensors, which has revolutionized the field of biosensing. The incorporation of nanomaterials in the construction of biosensors has significantly enhanced their sensitivity and overall performance, while also facilitating the integration of novel signal transduction technologies. Advancements in nanotechnology have led to the development of tools and processes capable of fabricating, measuring, and imaging nanoscale objects, thereby enabling the creation of sensors that interact with extremely small molecules requiring analysis. Various nanobiosensor architectures have emerged, utilizing mechanical devices, optical resonators, functionalized nanoparticles, nanowires, nanotubes, and nanofibers. Particularly, nanomaterials like gold nanoparticles, carbon nanotubes, magnetic nanoparticles, and quantum dots have been extensively studied for their application in biosensors, establishing a new interdisciplinary frontier that merges biological detection with material science. The symbiotic integration of nanotechnology and biosensing has opened up remarkable possibilities, revolutionizing the field and paving the way for cutting-edge advancements in molecular analysis and diagnostics. This chapter discusses the principles, fabrication methods, and applications of nanotechnology-based biosensors, highlighting their potential to impact various sectors of society.
AUTOMATIC DIGESTIVE TRACT INFECTION DETECTION THROUGH WIRELESS CAPSULE ENDOSCOPY
Authors: Varshaa Mohana , Singh C A Anuragh , K S Archana , K Ilango
Published: June 2024

Patient monitoring via remote is becoming increasingly important as medical imaging technology advances. The internet of things (IoT) is incorporated in medical technology to collect data from the human body via sensors, wireless communication, and other means. The intersection of medicine and information technology, such as medical informatics, will improve healthcare by lowering costs, increasing efficiency, and saving lives.Wireless capsule endoscopy (WCE) is quickly becoming a valuable tool for diagnosing illnesses in the human digestive tract. Using WCE, physicians diagnose several disorders in the digestive tract such as ulcers, bleeding, polyps, chronic diarrhoea, small intestine cancer/tumor, and Crohn's disease in an intrusive manner. The main disadvantage associated with WCE is that the huge number of recorded images must be examined by clinicians. It is a tedious and time- consuming task. Researchers are working to build and improve the efficacy of WCE by employing software to detect these diseases at a rapid rate of advancement. This paper presents an automated ulcer detection method through wireless capsule endoscopy. Based on this various researcher’s ideas suggested approach can lessen the work required of doctors to review WCE videos and accurately identify ulcerous frames.
VARIOUS BIOREMEDIATION TECHNIQES IN AQUACULTURE
Authors: Mukilan M. , Dhinesh P. , Harikrishnan S. , Sivasubramani K.
Published: June 2024

Aquaculture is the fastest-growing food production industry and a key component of national development and poverty reduction initiatives in many countries. Aquaculture output rises as capture fisheries stabilise. About 93% of aquaculture output comes from underdeveloped nations. Its polyculture and integrated farming method, which maximised farm resource usage, including waste, made it ecologically friendly. Additional fish are being farmed by increasing the amount of water, feed, fertiliser, and chemicals used in the farming process, as well as by cultivating additional land and water. This has led many to believe that aquaculture may contribute to water pollution and degrade wetland ecosystems. Biologically-involved Bioremediation Strategies, such as In-situ and Ex-situ approaches, are very helpful in remediation during the culturing process by addressing the contaminated situations.
USE OF ENZYME TECHNOLOGY IN FOOD PROCESSING INDUSTRIES
Authors: Kumari Dipika , Jha S K , Rani Ladly , Verma Rupa
Published: June 2024

The food sector often uses enzyme technology because of its efficiency, specificity, and safety benefits. Recent years have seen "future foods" emerge as a new hotspot for developing healthier, more nutrient-dense, palatable, and sustainably produced meals. Nonetheless, many meals have consistency, nutrition, and flavor concerns. Enzyme technology advancements have enabled the development of new tools and ways for modifying the feel of foods and caloric components. In this paper, we explore the applications of enzyme innovation to the production of potential meals, with an emphasis on taste, consistency, and security. Additionally, we examine the prospective alternatives of catalyst-based innovations regarding food production, both of such as the customization of enzyme activity, the development suitable hosts to produce of meal-grade amino acids, and the further development of combinatorial multi-enzyme complexes.
A REVIEW OF MEDICAL AND AYURVEDIC USES OF TULSI
Authors: Kumari Suman , Kumar Sahitya , Verma Rupa
Published: June 2024

The Scientific name of Tulsi is Ocimum sanctum. It is a small fallow, braches, and full fill of medicinal herbs. Tulsi botanicals are not only Ayurvedic pharmaceuticals but also used in other medicines they have many good properties such as antibacterial, anticancer, antioxidant, immunoregulatory, etc. It is effective for reducing glucose levels in the blood. Therefore, it is useful for diabetic patients. All part of Tulsi is also used as medicine. “It is also called the queen of herbs” because it contains many nutrients and the leaf of Tulsi contains calcium, and magnesium ions in rich amounts. It also presents vitamins and proteins. The plants “tulsi” have great importance in “Indian culture”. It has been used in India since the old times to prevent colds, fever, coughs, skin diseases, and digestive problems. The height and length of the Tulsi plant is usually 20-50 cm. It is mostly cultivated in Hindu houses and temples for worship.
BIO CATALYST ENZYME: STUDY OF KINETICS AND MECHANISM
Authors: Lal Dr. Neeta
Published: June 2024

This chapter deals with the classification, structure binding, kinetics and properties of enzymes along with the classification and properties of coenzymes. Enzyme plays a pivotal role in any physiological process occurring in plants and animals including human. The specific nature of enzyme is the property of greater interest. The kinetics of enzyme catalysis including the behaviour of enzyme by variation of its concentration, substrate concentration and product formation in different time intervals are incorporated in the chapter. The rate law expression of enzyme catalyzed reaction is derived which helps in better understanding of enzymatic action. The chapter includes various examples of enzymatic action with examples and site of their production described in various diagrammatic representations and tables. The enzymes, as can be concluded from the chapter, is a valuable part of life supporting physiological actions.
BIO SEPARATION-A REMARKABLE PROGRESS FROM PREMATURE TO ADVANCED TECHNIQUE, AN UNPRECEDENTED ADVANCEMENT IN THE FIELD OF BIOTECHNOLOGY
Authors: Vairaganthan Pradheena , Karthikeyan Gokilapriyavarthini , Subramanian Darshini
Published: June 2024

Bioseparation is the large-scale purification of biological products utilising fundamental engineering and biological ideas. This abstract presents an overview of the remarkable expands and exceptional advancement in bioseparation strategies, which play a crucial role in medicine, biotechnology, and in food industry. The bioseparation uses has spread across numerous sectors, notably in biotechnology. Bioseparation applications were formerly simple, time-consuming, and poor yielding. However, tremendous progress has been made in recent years via the integration of analytical tools, computerization, and automation, resulting in improved yields. AI and machine learning technologies have optimised process parameters, resulting in improved- quality products and higher yields. Emerging bioseparation techniques target specific biomolecules based on variables such as size, charges, and hydrophobicity, having a substantial influence in biotechnology and related sectors. Bioseparation is critical for the purification of biopharmaceuticals. Membrane- based technologies, chromatography techniques, sophisticated filtering procedures, and other approaches make it possible to easily bioseparate biological components. Bioseparation has seen a rapid shift in recent decades, driven by innovative methods and novel materials. Rising demand for biotechnological goods, together with continuous bioseparation research and innovation, offers revolutionary applications that will send biotechnology into unknown areas of development and discovery.
ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF LEMON GRASS AGAINST MICROBES OF ENVIRONMENT
Authors: Oraon Rohit , Ansari Abujur , Rani Ladly , Jha S K , Verma Rupa
Published: June 2024

For many years, Cymbopogon citratus has been grown for therapeutic purposes in numerous parts of the world. Lemongrass is used in traditional medicines for coughs, alcoholism, elephantiasis, malaria, pneumonia, and vascular problems. Cymbopogon citratus, commonly known as lemongrass.. The genus of family Cymbopogon includes more than 100 species showing extended growth in the many parts of the world .Lemongrass has many medicinal properties as well, like it helps in problem face during cough throat infection etc. The aim of the review was to find the antibacterial/microbial activity of lemongrass extract on various microorganisms in the medium. The antibacterial properties of lemongrass extract have been the subject of numerous studies, with researchers exploring its potential as a natural alternative to chemical-based antibacterial agents.
BIODEGRADATION OF HEAVY METALS BY MICROORGANISMS
Authors: Kumari Priyam , Singh Vishal Kumar , Verma Rupa
Published: June 2024

Heavy metal pollution of soil and water, which may lead to cancer and impede plant development, has significantly increased in recent years. Examples of such heavy metals include arsenic, mercury, lead, chromium, nickel, etc. Bioremediation of heavy metals depends on microbes. Through genetic engineering, it is possible to produce microbes that have been genetically altered to potentially reduce numerous types of polycyclic hydrocarbons (PAHs). Flavobacterium, Pseudomonas, Bacillus, Arthrobacter, Corynebacterium, Mycobacterium, Methanogens, Aspergillus niger, are some microbial species that help in bioremediation of heavy metals, which is quite effective and promotes sustainable development. In addition to these, microbes aid in bioaugmentation, and some can raise soil fertility. Through a process called bioremediation, harmful polymers are converted into less harmful ones by microorganisms using them as a source of energy. Because of the Earth's fast degradation, an emergency scenario exists. One of these problems is contamination from heavy metals. The success of their strategy also depends on its effectiveness as a tool for the cleanup of polluted soils. The process of using microbiological methods to convert complicated polymers into less dangerous structures is known as biodegradation, and it is used by them as a source of energy. Bioremediation technology is still in its infancy and has to draw a distinction between what it claims to do and what really occurs. As a consequence of the aging processes, dead biomass can equally be obtained from contemporary sources.
BIOREMEDIATION: A SUSTAINABLE APPROACH TOWARDS ENVIRONMENTAL DETOXIFICATION
Authors: Pathan Anjum , Bhure Dhanraj , Shaikh Kalim
Published: June 2024

Environmental pollution reached to alarming level in past few decades due to various anthropogenic activities and industrialization. Pollution caused by xenobiotics and other refractory substances are now recognized as major issue to both humans & the environment. A variety of toxicants, such as heavy metals, hydrocarbons, aromatic compounds, plastic material, and other chemical compounds, are the predominant pollutants in the environment due to their non-biodegradability and adverse effects. Bioremediation is a rapidly growing remediation method for eliminating toxicants from contaminated sites. In order to detoxify harmful pollutants, bioremediation uses a variety of bacteria that can act simultaneously or sequentially. Bioremediation also referred as an acceleration of the normal degradation by microorganisms, plants and with the help of their enzymes degradation or conversion of toxicants into less toxic compounds including CO2, water, microbial biomass, inorganic salts, and other by-products (metabolites). It is a process that eliminates, degrades, detoxifies, and immobilizes potentially hazardous contaminants and pollutants. The basic purpose of bioremediation is to degrade pollutants and transform them to less harmful forms. Based on criteria such as expenses, type of pollutant, and its quantity, appropriate strategy of bioremediation may be applied. Present article reveals comprehensive glance about the process of various types of bioremediation with its merits and drawbacks.
BIOFUELS: A REVIEW ON EMERGING TRENDS AND APPLICATIONS
Authors: Priya P Kaviya , Subavathy P , Gomathy S , Chitra K , Dominikal A Maria Antony
Published: June 2024

A biofuel is defined as any fuel derived from organic materials like plants, agricultural crops, their waste products, and by-products. Due to depleting oil sources, energy security issues, and growing environmental concerns from rising greenhouse gas emissions and climate change, biofuels have gained a lot of attention recently. Modern technology is causing a significant rise in energy demand, which is resulting in an excessive use of fossil fuels. As a result, renewable energy is being examined as a potential replacement and is becoming more and more significant due to its effects on the environment, society, and economy. The biofuels are categorized into solid, liquid and gaseous biofuels based on the biomass used in their production. Biofuels are derived from biomass, which absorbs a substantial amount of CO2 from the atmosphere, their production and utilization are often considered carbon-neutral. Biochemical conversion and thermochemical conversion are the two main methods used to convert biomass into energy. Through the use of these processes, the biomass is transformed into three main categories of products: biofuels, heat, and power for the production of electricity. Globally, there is an increase in the generation of biofuels employing various developing technologies and biological processes from various bioresources. Waste disposal difficulties could be resolved and environmental burdens reduced if biomass waste and agricultural crop leftovers are used to make biofuels Economic sustainability is just unsustainable in the current environment. By contributing to local and national energy security, fostering economic growth, diversifying rural economies, creating employment opportunities, substituting imports with direct and indirect trade balance effects, enhancing energy supply, and promoting diversification through new industry creation, biofuel production and utilization offer opportunities for sustainable solutions.
APPLICATION OF BIOMARKERS ALTERATIONS IN MANAGEMENT OF DISEASES
Authors: Kohli Dr. Seema , Singh Dr. Ankita Alice , Jain Dr. B. K.
Published: June 2024

Biomarkers have a specific property that can be tested as an index of healthy natural processes, unhealthy processes, or reactions to exposure or interventions, including corrective ones. The failure to adhere to the same constraints that would apply for the use of variables that aren't natural causes many research utilising biomarkers to never reach their full potential. Any biomarker development should precede or follow the typical design of any epidemiological study or clinical trial. Because biomarkers can be used to explain observable symptoms of a condition and to identify the best treatments based on these phenotypes and genotypes, they have attracted a lot of attention. This chapter made endeavored to provide an outline of biomarker uses ,their category and the role played in the management of diseases.
CELLULAR AGRICULTURE
Authors: Rauthan Mr. Prateek , Nautiyal Dr. Niki
Published: June 2024

Cellular agriculture is a burgeoning field at the forefront of sustainable food production, presenting a revolutionary approach to address the challenges of conventional agriculture. This chapter explores the fundamental concepts of cellular agriculture, delving into its innovative techniques, and the alternative products it offers, the advantages it holds, and the challenges it confronts. This novel approach eliminates the need for traditional farming practices by cultivating meat, milk, eggs, and other animal-derived items in a laboratory. Techniques, such as cell culture, tissue engineering, and bioreactor technology, play pivotal roles in the efficient and sustainable production of these alternative products, which are, much more environment and consumer friendly. The chapter explores products of cellular agriculture that are eco-friendly and consumer-friendly such as cultured meat, that can be tailored to be healthier, antibiotic free, and safe from pathogens along with the potential to address animal welfare concerns, offering a more humane and ethical approach to food production. However, despite the numerous advantages, cellular agriculture faces critical challenges such as upscale and cost reduction of production. Presently, it is expensive, necessitating technological advances to compete with conventional farming.
UNDERSTANDING qRT PCR: BASIC PRINCIPLES AND APPLICATIONS
Authors: Chowdhari Dr. Shruti
Published: June 2024

The quantitative Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction, abbreviated as qRT PCR is a major advancement of the Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) technology. Of all the methods available, qRT PCR is the most rapid, sensitive and accurate methodology for measurement of RNA. From the discovery of the enzyme - reverse transcriptase (RT) which led to the development of RT coupled PCR and the major driving force behind identification of the group of RNA viruses, to becoming the most popular diagnostic technique for detection of RNA viruses including SARS CoV-2, the causative agent behind the recent COVID19 pandemic, this chapter describes the technical nuances involved in the conceptualization, refinement, experimental workflow, result interpretation and subsequent wide range of applications in molecular biology, medicine and clinical diagnostics.
ROLE OF BIOTECHNOLOGY IN PAPAYA (CARICA PAPAYA)
Authors: Kumari Shivani , Yadav Archana , Kushwaha Akhilesh , Singh Atul Kumar
Published: June 2024

Papaya (Carica papaya L.) holds significant importance as a fruit crop in tropical and sub-tropical regions. In India, it gives earnings rivaling (higher yield per hectare) next to banana It is a fast growing herbaceous plant and also used as a filler plant in orchards.. And within this chapter, our focus will be directed towards an exploration of diverse methodologies of unconventional and biotechnological approaches in papaya which include micropropagation, organogenesis, embryo rescue, anther culture, somatic embryogenesis, protoplast culture for improvement of papaya. Most important topic we are covering here is genetic engineering. Severe loss causing disease of papaya is papaya ring spot, attributed to the papaya ring spot virus (PRSV), is the subject under consideration and for this virus control several transgenic plant had been developed which is based on coat protein (CP) and replicase mediated resistance. For future suitable method to control PRSV will be post-transcriptional gene silencing (PTGS). Generally farmers use conventional methods rather than nonconventional or biotechnological method because they don’t want to take risk and they don’t have trust on these PSRV transgenic papaya.
APPLICATION OF MARKERSASSISTED SELECTION IN VEGETABLE BREEDING AND IMPROVEMENT
Authors: S Bharathi , Sreekumar Gadha , M R Manjusha , M Thiruppathi , Prasad Lalu , M Harini
Published: June 2024

The advancements in technology have high-throughput sequencing platforms that allows the sequencing and assembling of numerous plant genomes, providing valuable information about the genetic makeup of different crops. The molecular maps have been instrumental in identifying the locations of genes and QTLs (quantitative trait loci) that are responsible for important variations (phenotypic) in plants. By identifying precise segments of the genome linked to favorable characteristics, breeders can selectively cultivate plants possessing these traits, facilitating the advancement of superior plant varieties. Molecular markers have been pivotal within breeding initiatives; these markers consist of distinct DNA sequences correlated with specific traits, enabling breeders to swiftly and precisely opt for plants harboring the preferred characteristics. This expedites the process and conserves resources when juxtaposed with traditional breeding methodologies reliant on visual scrutiny and phenotypic evaluations. Through the employment of these tools and methodologies, breeders are empowered to create novel vegetable cultivars endowed with augmented attributes, ultimately bolstering the global food reservoir and enhancing human well-being.
GENETIC RESOURCES AND CROP IMPROVEMENT OF JAMUN (SYZYGIUM CUMINI) IN INDIA
Authors: Singh Ravi Kumar , Chaurasia Jitendra , Anushka Kumari
Published: June 2024

Indian native jamun (syzygium cumini) is a fruit tree with potential therapeutic use because of its abundance in phyto-constituents. It has a variety of pharmacological attributes, including as anti-diabetic, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antibacterial actions. Breeding goals are established, such as creating early-bearing, high-quality cultivars with disease and insect resistance, to increase jamun production throughout the nation. Jamun fruits can be used in a variety of dishes, including sweets, drinks, jams, and pickles. They are also a wonderful source of iron, minerals, vitamins, and phytochemicals. Due to the richness of phyto-constituents in this fruit tree endemic to India, jamun (syzygium cumini), it may be used therapeutically. It possesses a wide range of pharmacological properties, including as anti-diabetic, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antibacterial effects. To enhance jamun production across the country, breeding objectives are defined, such as developing early-bearing, superior cultivars with disease and pest resistance. Jams, beverages, pickles, desserts, and jams can all be made from jamun fruits. A fantastic source of iron, minerals, vitamins, and phytochemicals, they are also.
BIOFILM AS A SIGNIFICANT TOOL IN BIOREMEDIATION
Authors: Bhandari Komal
Published: June 2024

Environmental pollutants and waste materials such as industrial waste, biomedical waste have always been a serious problem and becoming life threatening day by day. Bioremediation is a very helpful approach towards the waste management and removal of environmental pollutants that are hazardous, specifically microbial bioremediation. Microorganisms are utilized in bioremediation as biofilms which are important tools in bioremediation processes. Biofilms are used in bioremediation of various environmental pollutants, waste materials, contaminant water, and also used in the waste water treatment. Bioremediation is the process of conversion of all hazardous materials into less hazardous products and conversion of waste materials into reusable products by using biological agents such as microorganisms, plants and their products i.e., enzymes called as bioremediators. Bioremediation is a safest, cheapest and effective eco- friendly technique, used for the removal of environmental contaminants and toxic wastes from environment using the bio-mechanisms of microbes and plants.
CROP IMPROVEMENT OF GUAVA (PSIDIUM GUAJAVA) THROUGH IT'S GENETIC RESOURCES
Authors: Anushka Kumari , Singh Ravi Kumar , Padhan Abhilash
Published: June 2024

Guava, frequently referred to as the "tropical apple," is a significant crop of fruit in India. Guava is valued for its hardiness, vitamin C, and export potential. Its versatility extends to culinary uses and potential health benefits. In 2021-2022, India, led by Uttar Pradesh, produced 5.59 million metric tons of guava, showcasing genetic diversity with unique cultivars globally. Crop improvement targets high-yield dwarfs, seedless varieties, adjusted pectin, uniform ripening, and prolonged shelf life. Guava became available to India in the 17th century after being introduced to Tropical America, resulting in a variety of Indian varieties. Essential rootstocks like Pisidium cujavillis, Psidium mole, and Chinese guava are pivotal. Noteworthy Indian guava cultivars include Pant Prabhat, HAPSI-35, and Allahabad Safeda. Global cultivation in countries like Australia, Brazil, and the USA brings forth varied guava varieties. Breeding methods encompass selection, hybridization, and mutation, yielding popular varieties like Sardar and Arka Mridula. Recent guava research advancements, including genomics and biotechnology, promise enhanced cultivation and quality.
ADVANCES IN BIOTECHNOLOGICAL TOOLS AND TECHNIQUES FOR CROP IMPROVEMENT
Authors: Gauri Ms. , Suma n Sood , Sharma Akash , Kant Chander
Published: June 2024

Biotechnology encompasses a suite of biological tools that have arisen from fundamental research and are currently utilized in both research and crop improvement. Modern plant breeding heavily relies on biotechnological methods to genetically enhance crops for desired traits and increased productivity. Traditional breeding techniques primarily rely on hybridization and the selection of advanced breeding lines. However, these conventional methods face challenges such as long juvenile phases, high levels of heterozygosity, and self-incompatibility. The introduction of foreign DNA into plants, achieved through methods like Biolistic transformation or Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation, has played a pivotal role in genetic modification. Recent biotechnological advancements, particularly New Biotechnological Tools (NBTs) like RNA interference (RNAi), cisgenesis/intragenesis, trans-grafting, and genome editing techniques such as CRISPR/Cas9 and zinc-finger technology, now enable more precise and efficient genetic alterations in plants. These NBTs use genetic engineering to insert essential genes into the genomes of various plant species, resulting in improved efficiency and reliable genetic enhancements in clonally propagated plants while maintaining the stability of essential traits.
BIO-DESALINATION PROCESS BY USING HALOPHYTIC MICROALGAE
Authors: Amirtham Dr. S.
Published: June 2024

Water is an essential and needed part of our everyday life. In the 3/4 population, water scarcity is considered as a major problem and need to be solved for our sustainable life. Desalination is an environmentally friendly and energy-efficient process that takes away all the mineral compounds from the saline water. In the present study, microorganisms (algae) are used and tested for their potential in the desalination of marine water. Algae will be grown in different salinity concentration and nutrient conditions and the rate of growth rate, salt uptake will be measured periodically. In general, the purity of the water level below 500mg/l is tolerable for drinking. Purity will be calculated by Total Dissolved Solids (TDS).
CONVERGENCE OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND BIOTECHNOLOGY
Authors: Nair Radhika S , Swaminathan Priya
Published: June 2024

"Anything humans can do, machines will do too"- was the expectation that caused the creation and evolution of Artificial Intelligence (AI) as we know it today. Artificial Intelligence or AI is merely a hypernym for creating intelligent systems to mimic and mirror tasks that require human intelligence. The process involves utilising computational power and data-driven insights to determine outcomes. It can be visualised as a mathematical equation: x + y = a. The outcome "a" is wholly based on the values fed into the algorithm by the user, i.e., x & y. AI utilises techniques to extrapolate that idea to utilize the computational power of multiple equations, analysing vast datasets, with the system developing the capacity to determine the most viable route to reach the required outcome over time. For example, Machine Learning takes this principle of finding the relationship between various factors to determine the outcome for previously unknown instances. This capacity is "Artificial Intelligence", aided by two crucial factors: increasingly available data sets and more computation power. This capacity has applications in every aspect of human existence. This chapter will focus more on AI's impact on Biotechnology, familiarising the reader with the methods and terms surrounding Artificial Intelligence and subsequently relating to applications of AI in biotechnology. Considering the multi-faceted applications of biotechnology - cosmetic industry, healthcare, food industry etc, the societal impact of the field is sublime. The process involves harnessing cellular and biological processes and modifying living systems (e.g. GMOs) to develop technologies and products. Current methods integrated with AI allows biotechnological research to obtain accurate results with optimised methods in an expedited and sustainable manner. However, the unprecedented nature of the progression of AI incites a massive amount of scrutiny. The need for ethical and responsible methods has always been highly regarded in Biotechnology, considering the field utilizes living organisms. Therefore, the social impact of integrating AI in biotechnology must be thoroughly analysed. This chapter prompts deliberation on critical aspects of AI research in biotechnology.
DETECTION METHODS IN FOOD BIOTECHNOLOGY
Authors: Bhumika M. , Purena Dr. Rupal
Published: June 2024

Food borne pathogens cause numerous diseases globally, particularly in developing countries, causing significant economic impact. Early detection is crucial for containment. Detection methods have evolved from culture-based methods to immunological and molecular biology-based approaches. The goal is to find rapid, sensitive, specific, and cost-effective methods, including microbe culturing and biosensor technology. Food safety is crucial for livelihoods and millions of people are affected by issues. Collaboration between government agencies, food processing businesses, and private consumer organizations is essential for improving food inspections. Bioassay technology offers benefits like efficiency, precision, and simplicity, making traditional procedures imprecise. Advancements in science and technology encourage the implementation of biotechnology, providing high sensitivity and specificity in monitoring food safety.
BIOENGINEERED PLANTS FOR ESSENTIAL VITAMINS AND MINERALS
Authors: Bhumika M. , Kurre Ramautin , Purena Dr. Rupal
Published: June 2024

New generation biotechnology involves modern bio molecular techniques using whole or part of biological organism to create or improve products and process. Rapidly growing field of modern molecular biology has emerged 30 decades before along with the development of genetics. These ideas improve our life style in many ways by improving the food, the drink, the clothes, and the medicines. One of the ways biotechnology affects people is through the use of biotechnological methods in the food industry and agriculture. The greatest potential of biotechnology lies in its ability to improve crop tolerance to diseases and environmental stress, thereby providing greater yields and suitable soil for cultivation. These techniques will produce healthier, tastier and better food. Emerging genetic engineering technology is changing the product quality of food, and much of our food will be bioengineered within the next decade. The insertion of advanced genes which codes for enzymes involved in the biosynthetic pathway of micro molecules like essential amino acids, vitamins, essential elements and micronutrient-binding proteins is increasing research and improving our lives.
BIOREMEDIATION OF ORGANIC WASTES USING DIFFERENT EARTHWORMS
Authors: Birundha C. , Maheswari N.Uma
Published: June 2024

Vermicomposting is among the most plausible and climate cordial method for the biotransformation of biodegradable squanders into a valuable and great compost. Vermiculture of wild worms in particular Eisenia fetida, Eudrilus eugeniae, Perionyx excavates and vermicomposting of various natural squanders, for example, Dairy cattle manure, plant trash, paper waste, and food squander utilizing both wild and refined types of night crawlers are examined. The waste is changed over into valuable excrement by decreasing the unsafe impacts of waste. These bioassays are delicate and financially savvy for the checking of ecological tainting. The vermicompost delivered from natural squanders contains higher measures of humic substances, which assumes a significant part in development of plant. The detoxification of biodegradable squanders by night crawlers and the job of last vermicompost in plant development and improvement. Night crawlers can be utilized to biodegradable natural waste and the worm cast delivered can go quite far to increment soil richness for most extreme yield during horticultural movement. Vermicomposting by Eisenia fetida can eﬀectively decrease the harmfulness and all out convergence of weighty metals, as well as bacterial arrangement and variety are extraordinarily different during the vermicomposting system. Vermicompost is most of the supplement rich natural excrement on the planet and plays favorable part in development and improvement of the plant growth.
MEDICAL AND HEALTH INFORMATICS
Authors: Gouri Dr. Priya
Published: June 2024

Medical and health informatics is crucial for improving healthcare outcomes, patient care, and streamlined systems. This chapter provides a comprehensive overview of recent advancements, emphasizing data management, interoperability, and standardization. It also discusses the role of electronic health records (EHRs) in patient data capture and organization, telemedicine, and telehealth, which have gained prominence in the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic. The chapter also addresses ethical considerations and challenges in machine learning integration, health analytics, and data-driven decision making. The chapter emphasizes privacy, security, and ethical considerations in medical and health informatics, addressing challenges such as data integrity and HIPAA compliance.
ROLE OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN BIOTECHNOLOGY
Authors: Parasakthi G. , Divya R. , Israthbanu K. , Nanthini K. , Dharsini Dr. P. Priya
Published: June 2024

Despite its futuristic sound, artificial intelligence (AI) is already present in many modern devices. For instance, it enables voice and facial recognition on our mobile devices. In biotechnology, where it has proven crucial to many facets of drug discovery and development, AI is also starting to become more noticeable. Drug target identification, drug screening, image screening, and predictive modeling are all examples of AI uses in the biotech industry. Additionally, clinical trial data is managed and the scientific literature is searched using AI.It's possible that artificial intelligence will change biotechnology. Biotech companies may utilize AI in a variety of ways to enhance their operations, spur innovation, and explore new business models.
A COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW ON EXTRACTION, IDENTIFICATION AND PURIFICATION METHODS OF SECONDARY METABOLITES FROM MEDICINAL PLANTS
Authors: Joshi Sapna , Bhagat Parmeshver , Kushwaha Rajeev Singh , Kumar Ranjeet , Biswas Dr. Deepika
Published: June 2024

Antimicrobial resistance's rise and spread has become extremely concerning, demanding search for new and more potent antimicrobials to treat infections brought on by microorganisms that are resistant to them. Medicinal plants have been used globally because of their medicinal qualities in the treatment of numerous ailments since ancient times. In this study, we investigated the extraction techniques and phytochemical screening of medicinal plants leaves. The medicinal efficacy of plant materials is attributed to secondary products present in them, often acting in combination rather than individual compounds. The distinct medicinal properties of plants are specific to particular plant species or groups, which is consistent with the concept of taxonomically distinct combinations of secondary products. This review's findings provide important insights regarding the techniques utilized for antimicrobial activities of herbal medicinal extracts, contributing to the advancement of herbal medicine research.
ENDOPHYTIC FUNGI ASSOCIATED WITH EDIBLE GREENS AND ITS POTENTIAL APPLICATIONS
Authors: H. K Tejaswini , M Sushma , M Jayashankar
Published: June 2024

Endophytic microbes are well-known for producing secondary compounds, that shield the host from invading pathogens. Without causing any adverse effects on the host plant, they survive within the tissues of plants in either symbiotic or mutualistic relationships. Fungal endophytes are epitomes of numerous secondary metabolites. Endophyte-derived secondary metabolites are gaining popularity due to their numerous potential applications in agriculture, industry and medicine. Furthermore, it is necessary to have a solid understanding of the dynamics between edible greens and endophytic fungi, as well as how these fungi are an important source of phytochemicals and may impact their hosts and produce a range of positive effects. Thus, with a focus on understanding the interface between endophytic fungi and edible greens, this chapter will provide an information regarding novel aspects of some natural products associated with fungal endophytes that have substantial medicinal value in combating diseases and eventually enable discovering new products. In the near future, this insight could impact the adoption of enhanced therapeutic products based on edible greens.
METHODS OF BIOREMEDIATION AND THEIR RECENT ADVANCEMENT FOR ENHANCEMENT OF GREEN AND SUSTAINABLE ENVIRONMENT
Authors: Borgohain Krishna , Dhar Rajdeep , Sharma Dr. Bipin Kumar
Published: June 2024

This article seeks to present an in-depth review of various bioremediation techniques and strategies used to promote the remediation process for the enhancement of sustainable development. Environmental pollution caused by xenobiotics and other associated non-biodegradable substances, which has lately been discovered as a severe hazard to both the natural environment and the health of animals including humans, is one of the main global concerns for human sustainability. Due to industrialization, a variety of pollutants, including plastics, heavy metals, and various agrochemicals, accumulate in the environment. Since these pollutants are not biodegradable, they remain in the polluted sites and either directly or indirectly create problems for human health and the environment. Toxic pollutants including both organic and inorganic must be removed from contaminated settings in order to progress sustainable development with the least amount of environmental impact. Bioremediation, which uses biological agents. Including plants, fungi, bacteria, and other creatures or the enzymes they produced to decrease pollution and restore ecosystems, is the most widely accepted, environmentally beneficial, and economically advantageous method of reducing environmental pollution.