bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Prospects for Food Exports to China
Authors: Shishkina Natalia
Published: March 2021

The Russian economy is now closely linked and largely depends on the existing relationships with other countries. Devaluation of the ruble in 2014 and subsequent decline in living standards contribute to contraction of demand in almost all consumer markets in the country. However, this may be an impetus to development of industries which products are potentially interesting for export to other countries, in particular, to China. Despite the slowdown in growth, China’s economy remains one of the fastest growing economies in the world, which significantly affects the welfare of the country’s population. An important trend has been urbanization of the population during recent decades. In accordance with this, the consumer habits and interests of the Chinese population have changed: the demand for Western, non-traditional food products is growing, e-commerce is developing, consumers are becoming more demanding about the quality and characteristics of food. At the same time, food exports from Russia to China are increasing. Active growth of supplies is observed for frozen fish and seafoods, seeds of oil crops, vegetable oil of various kinds, confectionery, chocolate products, and other products. The Chinese food market is extremely capacious and promising for Russian producers. However, the development of trade in this area is hampered by restrictions still remaining on supply of agricultural products to the export market. Russian producers will need a lot of efforts in order to take a strong position on the largest food market in the world.
«One Belt - One Way»: Characteristics of the Largest Partner Companies of the Project
Authors: Kichigina Irina
Published: March 2021

The global economic development project, called «the Silk Road», as well as «the One Belt — One Road» initiative, implemented on the basis of an initiative of the PRC government, combines many areas and individual projects. Each of them — the northern, southern and marine ones, requires significant investments and sound political decisions. The PRC is working in this direction today, redistributing resources for development of each branch of «the Silk Road». The confidence in the need of developing not only the economy, but also the socio-social relations, the culture of the territories of penetration, creates special requirements for both direct developers and companies implementing projects in terms of the global initiative. In the annual summaries of economic and exchange news, of course, a special place is occupied by information about the leaders of the project. Among dozens of the leaders, one can single out the top three companies that have made a massive investment breakthrough over the past three years. Among these companies is the All-China Civil Engineering Corporation operating on the open market since 2007 after a series of structural transformations of the largest leaders in construction and oil sectors. The second place is occupied by the company «Chinese Railways», the number of personnel of which today exceeds 10 million people. The third place belongs to the Chinese Railway Construction Company, as the successor to the Chinese Railway Engineering Corps. These three leaders in this article are analyzed on the basis of exchange indicators (all companies have the form of public companies), as well as financial reporting indicators. To compare the activity intensity of the silk road investors, the article presents the data of the Russian PJSC «Gazprom».
The Chinese-Russian Scientific and Technical Cooperation: Experience and Prospects
Authors: Golubeva Anna
Published: March 2021

The article examines the main areas of the scientific and technological cooperation between the two countries, including both already developed areas and potential areas of cooperation. Scientific and technical innovation is one of the most promising areas of cooperation between China and Russia in the modern era, it determines the future development of the two countries and affects the improvement of the living standards of the two peoples. Special attention is paid to the necessity for deepening this interaction, as well as to the significance and prospects for development of the Chinese-Russian scientific and technological innovative cooperation. The research and innovative path of China and Russia is supported by the governments and scientific and technical circles of the two countries. There has been active engagement between National Natural Science Foundation of China and the Russian Foundation for Basic Research in various fields. The author’s view on possible ways and directions of development in the scientific and technical cooperation between the two countries is presented in the text. China and Russia have defined the direction of future scientific and technological cooperation already applied it in practice. They have outlined a wide range of prospects for future collaboration. It is believed that scientific and technological cooperation in the field of new artificial intelligence technologies, such as health care and telemedicine, will become an important area of the Sino-Russian cooperation in the field of scientific and technological innovation in the future.
ALTERING THE HUMAN GENOME: MAPPING THE GENOME EDITING REGULATORY SYSTEM IN SOUTH AFRICA
Authors: Townsend Beverley , Shozi Bonginkosi
Published: March 2021

Novel therapeutic strategies using genome editing technologies, such as CRISPR-Cas9, are revolutionising the way in which diseases can be prevented and treated in the future. Consequently, a global debate has emerged around the ethical and legal implications relating to the use of such technology in research, therapy, and human reproduction. This has brought to the forefront questions regarding the extent to which current policies respond to these issues. In this paper, we provide a “map” of South African policy relating to genome editing, and illustrate how current ethical guidelines and law regulate its use. We find that the South African policy framework is marred with inconsistencies and incompleteness, and that an opportunity exists for the normative and regulatory framework governing this field of research and therapeutic application in South Africa, to be reviewed and reformed. In this paper we present certain recommendations – with the goal of informing and supporting health policy and decision-making regarding the regulation of genome editing in South Africa. We suggest that by adopting a pragmatic regulatory approach, such recommendations serve to address public concern, reflect appropriate international perspectives, and provide a firm foundation for the development of genome editing regulation in South Africa.
Doukhan, Jacques. Daniel 11 Decoded: An Exegetical, Historical, and Theological Study
Authors: Iparraguirre Joel
Published: March 2021

Recensión crítica
Etnocentrismo del consumidor e intención de compra en países en desarrollo
Authors: González-Cabrera Catalina , Trelles-Arteaga Karen
Published: March 2021

Las empresas en los países con menos experiencia productiva se ven amenazadas por el ingreso de productos extranjeros, percibidos como superiores entre los consumidores, lo que pone en desventaja a sus productos. Por consiguiente, los productores locales requieren de estrategias efectivas que doten a sus productos de ventajas competitivas frente a las importaciones. Al respecto, investigaciones sobre el comportamiento del consumidor, han identificado que las creencias, percepciones y actitudes asociadas al país de origen de los productos tienen influencia en la intención de compra. En este sentido, el presente artículo analiza el grado en el que el etnocentrismo del consumidor tiene efecto sobre la intención de compra de calzado nacional, también examina posibles factores predictores y condicionadores de la relación. Para esto, se empleó una encuesta en una muestra conformada por 361 estudiantes universitarios. En ella se utilizó una versión adaptada de la escala CETSCALE para medir el nivel de etnocentrismo del consumidor más una escala que mide la intención de compra de productos nacionales. En consecuencia, se comprobó que el nivel de etnocentrismo en el consumidor influye positivamente en la intención de compra del producto nacional y que condiciona el efecto del hábito de compra sobre la intención de compra, además, que la escala CETSCALE es una herramienta que puede ser utilizada en economías en desarrollo con interesantes resultados. Las implicaciones gerenciales y limitaciones de la investigación son discutidas a detalle.
Degradation assessment of bearing based on machine learning classification matrix
Authors: Kumar Satish , Kumar Paras , Kumar Girish
Published: March 2021

In the broad framework of degradation assessment of bearing, the final objectives of bearing
condition monitoring is to evaluate different degradation states and to estimate the quantitative analysis of degree of performance degradation. Machine learning classification matrices
have been used to train models based on health data and real time feedback. Diagnostic and
prognostic models based on data driven perspective have been used in the prior research
work to improve the bearing degradation assessment. Industry 4.0 has required the research
in advanced diagnostic and prognostic algorithm to enhance the accuracy of models. A classification model which is based on machine learning classification matrix to assess the degradation of bearing is proposed to improve the accuracy of classification model. Review work
demonstrates the comparisons among the available state-of-the-art methods. In the end,
unexplored research technical challenges and niches of opportunity for future researchers
are discussed.
A COMPARATIVE STUDY BETWEEN THE USE OF INTRAVAGINAL MISOPROSTOL AND INTRAVENOUS OXYTOCIN FOR INDUCTION OF LABOUR AFTER PRE-LABOR RUPTURE OF MEMBRANES AT TERM
Authors: Rahem Gona
Published: March 2021

Background 

Misoprostol is a prostaglandin E1 analogue medication, has been shown to be effective and safe for induction of labor in women with pre-labour rupture of membranes at term.

Objective 

The aim of this study is to compare efficacy and acceptability of intravaginal misoprostol with intravenous oxytocin for induction of labor after pre-labour rupture of membranes at term. 

Patients and Methods

This study was conducted as prospective randomized trial at the department of Obstetrics and Gynecology in Maternity teaching hospital and Rizgary hospital in Erbil, performed in 2010-2011. The study involved 100 pregnant women with uncomplicated pregnancies at term, with pre-labour rupture of membranes. The women were assigned to receive 50 Microgram of vaginalmisoprostol every 4 hours (50 patients) or oxytocin infusion (50 patients). The patients were selected randomly from the Labour room. The parameter studied were induction to delivery interval, rate of cesarean section, indications of cesarean section, neonatal outcomes, maternal complications and maternal satisfaction. The test that used for statistical analysis of variables was t-test.

Results

The two groups were comparable with respect to maternal age, gestational age in weeks, parity and Bishop score. The time interval from induction to delivery was shorter in misoprostol group (7.77±0.88 hours), compared to oxytocin group (9.91±1.02 hours), which is statistically significant (p-value<0.001) and mean difference between them was (2.138 hours). Maternal satisfaction was more in misoprostol group (92%) compared to oxytocin group (62%) which is statistically significant (p-value<0.001). The rate of caesarean section was (18%) in oxytocin group & (12%) in misoprostol group (p-value=0.401) which is statistically insignificant, no difference of statistical importance seen with regard to indications of C/S, fetal distress, neonatal APGAR score <7, admission to neonatal intensive care unit, fetal weight and sex, and maternal adverse effects of the drugs.

Conclusion

In pre-labour rupture of membranes at term, it is effective, safe and economic to use misoprostol for induction of labour with low cervical Bishop score and is associated with shorter induction to delivery interval compared to oxytocin, with higher maternal satisfaction.
CONTINUOUS RUNNING SUTURING VERSUS SUBCUTICULAR SUTURING TECHNIQUES IN UPPER BLEPHAROPLASTY
Authors: Rashid Ari , Qader Ari , Hasan Hawree , Rasul Faraydoon
Published: March 2021

Background 

Upper blepharoplasty is among the most common procedures performed by plastic surgeons. In this procedure upper eyelid excess skin, muscle, and fat are removed and the wound is closed by a variety of methods. 

Objectives 

To evaluate the differences in the complications and the outcomes of the different methods of skin closure following upper eyelid blepharoplasty.

Patients and Methods

Standard upper blepharoplasty has been done for 38 patients which randomly selected into two groups, 20 patients to group A (continuous suturing technique) and 18 patients into group B (subcuticular technique). 

Results

Assessment of the patients done after 5 days, 1 month, and 6 months post-operatively. Besides some minor complications of erythema and edema, there were only two patients, one in each group with moderate edema and ecchymosis. No other significant differences were found in terms of the complications between the two groups. Patient Observer Scar Assessment Scale used at 6 months post-operative. There was also no significant difference, the P-value of the patient scale was 0.23 and of the observer, the scale was 0.64.

Conclusion

In this study, we did not find a significant difference in the complications and the outcome between the aforementioned methods of eyelid wound closur. The selection of the procedure is up to the surgeon to select. We do not recommend the surgeons to change their method of closure. We provide our findings for consideration and further study.
EVALUATION OF SERUM CA-125 LEVEL IN NORMAL AND PRE-ECLAMPTIC PREGNANCIES IN SULAIMANI CITY
Authors: Nasir Sallama , Faraj Iman
Published: March 2021

Background 

Pre-eclampsia is a hypertensive disorder of pregnancy which may cause morbidity and even mortality for both the mother and the fetus. Blood pressure elevation is the most visible sign of pre-eclampsia; however, the disease is multi-systemic affecting almost all systems of the body. CA125 has been found to be elevated in normal and pre-eclamptic pregnancies. 

Objectives 

To assess the level of CA-125 in normal and pre-eclamptic pregnancies to find out whether this marker is significantly elevated in women with pre-eclampsia, also to find out any correlation between the severity of pre-eclampsia and the serum concentration of CA 125. 

Patients and Methods

This was a case control study, carried out in Sulaimani Maternity teaching hospital over a period of one year starting from the 1st of May 2015 to the 30th of April 2016. The study included 150 pregnant women, with singleton pregnancy in their 3rd trimester, these women were categorized into three group, fifty women with healthy pregnancy (the control group). Fifty women with mild pre-eclampsia and fifty women with severe pre-eclampsia (the study groups). The serum CA125 level was measured for the women in the three groups and comparison was made among them. 

Results

Mean serum CA-125 and mean arterial pressure were significantly higher in the pre-eclamptic groups compared to the control group (P- value =0.0001). There was a direct correlation between CA-125 and mean arterial pressure in pregnant women with severe pre-eclampsia. The sensitivity and specificity of CA- 125 level were 94% for the detection of pre-eclamptic pregnancies. 

Conclusion

Serum CA-125 was significantly higher in pre-eclampsia groups in comparison to the control group and the level was directly correlated with the severity of pre-eclampsia.
EXPLORING THE ROLE OF CLINICAL PHARMACIST INTERVENTION ON THE OUTCOMES OF PATIENTS WITH TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS
Authors: Ahmed Zheen , Abdallah Zhwan , Aziz Tavga
Published: March 2021

Background 

Diabetes mellitus has been commonly identified as a metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia that occurs as a result of insulin secretion deficiencies, insulin action, or both. It is the fourth largest cause of death, researches aimed to define and compare the views of pharmacists of type 2 diabetes mellitus about causes and methods that improves quality of life and consistency to medication. In order to obtain better therapeutic outcomes by decreasing medicine-related issues it needs to work closely with the patient in implementing and tracking therapeutic plans.

Objectives 

The present study was aimed to evaluate the role of clinical pharmacist interventions in improving the outcome of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Methods

The study was conducted between December 2018 to April 2019 at the Center of Diabetes and Endocrine disease, Directory of Health/ Sulaimani city. One hundred and twenty patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus were randomly divided into two groups: Conventional group that received the usual care and interventional group that received the clinical pharmacist intervention including patient education on life style modification and general guidance on drug therapy that aimed to improve patients’ quality of life and decrease the cost on the diabetic center. Blood sample collected from each patient at zero time and after 90 days of measuring fasting blood glucose, glycosylated hemoglobin and insulin level.

Results

Clinical pharmacist intervention resulted in a significant decrease in body weight, waist circumference and body mass index with no significant change in visceral adiposity index after three months intervention compared to baseline value. It also significantly decreased fasting blood glucose, glycosylated hemoglobin, serum insulin level, and insulin resistance when compared with the baseline value and the conventional group at the end of the study. The interventional group showed reduction in frequency of negative impacts of diabetes mellitus when compared to the baseline value and the conventional group, the intervention also resulted in decreased the cost on the diabetic center.

Conclusion

The implementation of diabetic self-care intervention by the pharmacist was effective in improving glycemic status, and body weight. The intervention also caused reduction in frequency of negative impacts of diabetes mellitus eventually initiated reduction in the overall healthcare cost of diabetic patients compared to patients received usual care.
BREAST CANCER METASTASIS FROM PRIMARY GASTRIC CARCINOMA: A CASE REPORT
Authors: Nidhamalddin Sara , Ali Rozhgar , Mohammed Hazha , Hassan Hemin , Ali Kalthum
Published: March 2021

This case report aims to raise awareness of metastatic malignant tumor in the breast as the initial presentation of the occult non-mammary primary tumor. Embarking on radical surgical treatment for such metastatic tumors on the assumption of primary breast malignancy would have grave consequences for the patient and results in delayed treatment of the primary extra-mammary malignancy. The distinction is easier in patients with previously known malignancy in the contralateral breast or non-mammary malignancy. 

There are no consensuses about clinical, radiological, and histological features to distinguish primary from metastatic breast neoplasm due to the rarity of the condition. The case below is a young woman with a diagnosis of diffuse-signet ring cell gastric cancer. The first presentation was in form of rapid diffuse painless swelling of the right breast accompanied by abdominal distention, with the finding of ascites, peritoneal nodules, and enlarged enhancing ovaries on imaging. Biopsy from multiple sites confirmed involvement by metastatic adenocarcinoma with signet ring pattern. Her condition progressed after the 5th cycle of EOX.
Élites regionales y hegemonía nacional
Authors: Mercado Millán Danilo , Camacho Álvarez Armando
Published: March 2021

Durante el siglo XIX, la producción cultural de la élite colombiana caribeña partió de un lenguaje regional competitivo, pero con base en un modelo de nación unitario. Su dinámica esencial caribeña, como una “puerta de entrada”, es ocasión para cuestionar el alcance del imaginario bajo el sistema tradicional centro-periferia. El artículo expone algunas reflexiones preliminares en torno al papel de la prensa literaria caribeña, haciendo parte de un proyecto investigativo que indaga el proceso de construcción de “identidad nacional” en los periódicos literarios durante 1854 a 1886, en el que se plantea un análisis histórico del proyecto literario de nación frente a los intereses y expresiones regionales en su literatura.
Percepción del apoyo social en jóvenes preuniversitarios de Colima, México
Authors: Salazar-C Ciria Margarita , Andrade ´Sánchez Adriana Isabel , Peña Vargas Carmen Silvia
Published: March 2021

Esta investigación tiene como objetivo caracterizar y analizar la percepción del apoyo social en jóvenes preuniversitarios del Estado mexicano de Colima, buscando relaciones por medio de las variables de clase, género y edad. De igual forma, se quiere demostrar la utilidad y practicidad del HJ-Biplot como herramienta multivariante de fácil comprensión e interpretación para la representación de los resultados obtenidos en un análisis de índole social. La población de estudio incluye a 1,267 alumnos de primer año de bachillerato de las escuelas subsidiadas por el Estado y la Federación del Estado. Entre los principales hallazgos observamos relaciones en la percepción del escaso Apoyo Social Funcional, el sexo y la clase social; de igual forma, se demostró la utilidad y practicidad del HJ-Biplot.
SOSYAL MEDYA BAĞIMLILIĞI İLE BAĞLANMA TARZLARI İLİŞKİSİ ÜZERİNE BİR DERLEME
Authors: Taluy Nur
Published: March 2021

Sosyal medya sitelerinin kullanımında görülen hızlı artış, revaçta olan bu sitelerin bazı bireyler için bir bağımlılık haline gelebileceğini göstermektedir. Sosyal medya bağımlılığının performans problemlerinin yanı sıra bir dizi duygusal ve ilişkisel sorunla ilişkili olduğu düşünüldüğünde bu bağımlılığın nedenlerini, sonuçlarını ve çarelerini anlamak oldukça önemlidir. Kişilik özelliklerinin yanı sıra bağlanma tarzlarının sosyal medya bağımlılığını açıklamada önemli bir unsur olabileceği düşünülmektedir. Bu nedenle geniş bir araştırma grubu bağlanma tarzlarının internet bağımlılığı ve sosyal medya bağımlılığı üzerindeki etkisini incelemeye devam etmektedirler. Yapılan araştırmaların sonuçları, sosyal medyanın daha yoğun ve işlevsiz kullanımı ile güvensiz bağlanma tarzları arasında olumlu bir ilişki olduğunu göstermektedir. Bu çalışma, çeşitli bağlanma tarzlarına sahip olan bireylerin sosyal medyayı yoğun biçimde kullanma nedenlerini açıklayan araştırmalara ait bulguları bir araya getirerek değerlendirmeye çalışmıştır.
TÜRKÇE ÖĞRENME BARİYERLERİ ÖLÇEĞİ’NİN GELİŞTİRİLMESİ VE PSİKOMETRİK ÖZELLİKLERİNİN İNCELENMESİ
Authors: Eksi Halil , Okan Nesrullah
Published: March 2021

Hiç şüphesiz milletleri bir arada tutan en önemli faktörlerden birisi dilin doğru bir şekilde öğrenilmesi ve gelecek nesillere aktarılmasıdır. Bu araştırma, yurtdışında bulunan Türk kökenli çocukların Türkçe öğrenmelerinin önündeki bariyerleri belirlemek amacıyla bir ölçek geliştirme çalışmasıdır. Bu amaçla Almanya’nın değişik şehirlerinde yaşayan Türk çocuklarından veriler toplayarak ölçme aracı geliştirilmiştir. Çalışma kapsamında önce açımlayıcı faktör analizi yapılmış ve ölçme aracının üç faktör ve 21 maddeden meydana geldiği sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Analizler neticesinde üç faktörlü ölçeğin toplam varyansı %58.814 açıkladığı görülmüştür. Araştırmanın örneklemini Almanya’da bulunan 9-16 yaş aralığında bulunan Türk kökenli çocuklardan oluşmaktadır. Bu ölçeğin geliştirilmesi için 300 kişiden Açımlayıcı Faktör Analizi (AFA) için veri toplanmış; 260 kişiden de Doğrulayıcı Faktör Analizi (DFA) için veri toplanmıştır. Açımlayıcı Faktör Analizi neticesinde elde edilen maddeler DFA ile doğrulanmıştır. Aynı şekilde ölçek iyilik uyum değerleri de kabul edilebilir değerler arasında bulunmuştur. Ölçek için iç tutarlık katsayılarına bakılmış ve katsayı .915 olarak bulunmuştur. Madde analizlerinde madde toplam ve madde kalan analizleri için tüm değerler (p
TÜRKİYE’DE MALİYE POLİTİKASI ŞOKLARININ ÇIKTI ÜZERİNDEKİ ASİMETRİK ETKİSİ
Authors: Özek Yavuz , Bayat Tayfur
Published: March 2021

Devletin ekonomi üzerindeki rolü iktisat teorisinin en çok tartışılan konulardan biridir. Ekonomik konjonktürde özellikle yirminci yüzyılda yaşanan gelişmeler devletin ekonomideki rolüne ve maliye politikalarının etkinliğine yeni bir boyut kazandırmıştır. Kamu harcamaları ise devletin ekonomiye müdahalesini sağlayan önemli bir maliye politikası aracıdır. Literatürde kamu harcamaları ve iktisadi büyüme ilişkisini farklı yaklaşımlarla ele alan çok sayıda teorik ve ampirik çalışma bulunmaktadır. Bu çalışmada ise Türkiye ekonomisinde Wagner ve Keynes yaklaşım bağlamında 1971-2019 dönemine ait yıllık veriler kullanılarak maliye politikası şoklarının çıktı üzerindeki asimetrik etkisi incelenmektedir. Uygulanan nedensellik test sonuçlarına göre, negatif maliye politikası şokundan çıktının pozitif şokuna doğru nedensellik bulunmaktadır. Parametre tahminlerine göre ise pozitif maliye politikası şokunun, çıktı üzerinde negatif maliye politikası şokundan daha fazla etkili olduğu bulgusuna ulaşılmıştır.
YURT DIŞI TÜRKLERİN SİYASAL KATILIMINDA YURT DIŞI SEÇİM ÇEVRESİ: NİÇİN VE NASIL?
Authors: Gündoğmuş Bekir
Published: March 2021

Siyasal katılım konusu yurt dışı Türkleri ilgilendiren önemli başlıklar arasında yer almaktadır. Büyük çoğunluğu Avrupa ülkelerinde yaşayan Türklerin bu ülkelerde siyasal katılımı henüz yerel düzeyde kalmaktadır. Türkiye seçimlerinde oy kullanma durumunda ise son yıllarda önemli gelişmeler yaşanmaktadır. Yurt dışı Türklerin Türkiye seçimlerinde siyasal katılım sürecine odaklanılan bu çalışmada, tarihsel süreç içerisinde yurt dışı Türklerin siyasal katılım tecrübelerine değinilmekte, akabinde de Fransa ve İtalya örneklerinde yurt dışı vatandaşlarının siyasal katılımına imkân veren kurumsal yapılara ve düzenlemelere yer verilmektedir. Bu çalışma; geçmiş yıllarda da sınırlı olarak gündeme gelen yurt dışı seçim çevresi kurulması önerisinin önemine değinmekte ve nüfus yoğunlukları göz önüne alınarak başta Batı Avrupa ülkeleri olmak üzere ilgili ülke ya da bölgeleri kapsayacak şekilde güncel bir teklif getirmektedir. Çeşitli zorlukları bünyesinde barındıran yurt dışı seçim çevresinin yurt dışı Türklerin siyasal katılımını işlevsel hale getirmesi ve anavatanla bağların kuvvetlendirilmesi açısından önemli avantajları olduğu varsayılmaktadır.
TATAR MODERNLEŞMESİNDE MUHAMMED ZAKİR REMİYEV İLE FATİH KERİMİ’NİN ROLÜ
Authors: Çakmak Cihan
Published: March 2021

19. ve 20. yüzyıllar siyasi, sosyal ve ekonomik pek çok gelişmeye öncülük etmenin yanı sıra kültürel alanda yepyeni birtakım oluşumlara da zemin hazırlayan bir zaman dilimi olarak dikkat çekmektedir. Avrupa’da Sanayi Devrimi ve Fransız İhtilalinin ortaya çıkardığı ekonomik ve sosyolojik gelişmeler toplumlardaki milli kimlik anlayışını güçlendirmiştir.
Rusya coğrafyasında, İdil ve Ural nehirlerinin suladığı topraklarda yaşayan Tatarlar arasında ise söz konusu gelişmelerle birlikte milli kimlik ve milli tarih arayışı başlamıştır. Ünlü tarihçi Şehabeddin Mercani ve Kayyum Nasıri’nin öncülüğünü yaptığı tarih ve dil alanındaki gelişmeler daha sonra ceditçilik olarak adlandırılacak ve başta eğitim olmak üzere hayatın her alanında yenilik ve reform faaliyetlerinin önderliğini yapacaktır.
Fatih Kerimî ile Muhammed Zakir Remiyev, İsmail Bey Gaspıralı’nın ideallerini benimsemiş aydınlar olarak Tatar toplumu arasında yenilikçi düşüncenin en önemli temsilcileri olmuşlardır. Bu çalışmada Modern Tatar Edebiyatının ve Vakitli Tatar Matbuatının iki önemli ismi olan Fatih Kerimi ile Muhammed Zakir Remiyev’in hayatları, ceditçilik faaliyetleri merkezinde ele alınacaktır.
GELİŞİMSEL BAKIŞ AÇISIYLA “WONDER” FİLMİNİN ANALİZİ
Authors: Üstündağ Alev
Published: March 2021

Araştırma “Wonder” (Mucize) filminin gelişimsel bakış açısıyla analiz edilmesi amacıyla yapılmıştır. Araştırmada nitel araştırma yöntemlerinden doküman analizi tekniği kullanılmıştır. Film, Çocuk Programlarına Yönelik İçerik Değerlendirme Formu kullanılarak analiz edilmiştir. Yapılan analiz sonucunda elde edilen bulgularının değerlendirilmesinde içerik analizi türlerinden frekans analizi kullanılmıştır. Filmde en fazla sosyal ve duygusal gelişim alanına yönelik içeriklerin bulunduğu belirlenmiştir. Sosyal ve duygusal gelişim alanına yönelik içerikleri sırasıyla bilişsel/algısal gelişim, model alma, aile yapısı, şiddet, psikomotor gelişim, aile değerleri ve cinsel gelişim alanına yönelik içerikler izlemiştir. Filmde genel anlamda dostluk, sevgi, yardımseverlik, sorumluluk, empati, özeleştiri içeriklerinin yoğun olduğu; bireysel farklılıklara saygı, kendini sevme, iyilik ve aile bağlarını güçlendirici mesajların verildiği, şiddet alanında olumsuz içeriklerin bulunmasının yanı sıra çoğunlukla iyi ve olumlu değerlerin çocuklara model olarak sunulduğu belirlenmiştir.
Identification of a novel FOXL2 mutation in a fourth-generation Chinese family with blepharophimosis-ptosis-epicanthus inversus syndrome
Authors:   Department of Ophthalmology, Ningxia Eye Hospital, People's Hospital of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region (First Affiliated Hospital of Northwest University for Nationalities), Yinchuan 750002, the Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, China, Rong Wei-Ning , Yang Wei ,   Department of Ophthalmology, Ningxia Eye Hospital, People's Hospital of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region (First Affiliated Hospital of Northwest University for Nationalities), Yinchuan 750002, the Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, China, Yuan Shi-Qin ,   Department of Ophthalmology, Ningxia Eye Hospital, People's Hospital of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region (First Affiliated Hospital of Northwest University for Nationalities), Yinchuan 750002, the Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, China, Sheng Xun-Lun ,   Department of Ophthalmology, Ningxia Eye Hospital, People's Hospital of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region (First Affiliated Hospital of Northwest University for Nationalities), Yinchuan 750002, the Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, China
Published: March 2021

AIM: To characterize the genetic causes and clinical features in a four-generation Chinese family with blepharophimosis-ptosis-epicanthus inversus syndrome (BPES).
METHODS: Thirteen patients with BPES and eight healthy family members were included in this study. All participants received routine ophthalmic examinations. The target next-generation sequencing (NGS) was performed to determine the causative mutation for this family. The silico analysis was also applied to predict the pathogenesis of identified mutations.
RESULTS: All patients had severe ptosis, normal intelligence, female patients have normal fertility. Genetic assessments revealed a heterozygous insertion variation in FOXL2 gene, c.672_701insGCGGCTGCCGC CGCAGCTGCTG CAGGCGCT (p.Ala234_Gly235linsAAAAAAAAGA), carried by 13 patient but absent in all unaffected members. In silico analysis supported the pathogenic nature of this highly conserved variant. This mutation resulted in the insertion of 10 amino acids into the encoded polyala nine chain, which increased the number of original polyalanine chains from 14 to 24, resulting in an extended protein.
CONCLUSION: A novel FOXL2 mutation c.672_701ins GCGGCTGCCGCCGCAGCTGCTGC AGGCGCT (p.Ala234_Gly235linsAAAAAAAAGA) was identified in a large Chinese family with BPES. This study amplified the genotypic spectrum of FOXL2-BPES and better illustrates its genotype-phenotype correlations, which provided a basis for elucidating the pathogenesis of BPES and genetic counseling.
Clinical performance of presbyopia correction with a multifocal corneoscleral lens
Authors:   Department of Ophthalmology, Dong-A University College of Medicine, Busan 49201, Republic of Korea, Park Woo Chan , Jin Sang Wook ,   Department of Ophthalmology, Dong-A University College of Medicine, Busan 49201, Republic of Korea
Published: March 2021

AIM: To assess the clinical performance of a multifocal corneoscleral lens for the presbyopia correction.
METHODS: A prospective clinical trial of the Onefit™ A multifocal corneoscleral lens was conducted with 40 participants with presbyopia. At 4wk of continuous wear of the corneoscleral lens, changes in the distance, intermediate, and near visual acuity (VA) were evaluated. The safety of the corneoscleral lens, central corneal thickness (CCT), corneal endothelial cell count, binocular stereopsis, tear film break-up time (BUT), corneal staining, corneal edema, corneal neovascularization (NV), and conjunctival hyperemia were examined. In addition, a subjective questionnaire addressing satisfaction (rated from 1 to 5 points) and discomfort (rated from 1 to 5 points) was administered.
RESULTS: Forty participants were enrolled in this study. Six participants were excluded because of poor compliance with lens fitting (n=2) and loss to follow-up (n=4). The mean age of the participants was 53.0±4.9y. At 4wk of continuous wear of the corneoscleral lens, the best corrected far, intermediate, and near VA was 0.08±0.11, 0.10±0.12, and 0.10±0.12 logMAR, respectively. These results were significant improvements over the baseline uncorrected VA (far: P=0.004; intermediate: P=0.004; near: P=0.002). CCT, corneal endothelial cell count, binocular stereopsis, BUT, corneal staining, corneal edema, corneal NV, and conjunctival hyperemia were not significantly different between baseline and after corneoscleral lens use. The average satisfaction scores for fit sensation; corrected far, intermediate, and near VA; and ease of handling were 4.1, 3.4, 3.6, 3.5, and 3.4, respectively. The average discomfort scores for dryness, irritation, foreign body sensation, redness, fogging, and halo were 1.7, 1.8, 1.5, 1.7, 1.7, and 1.3, respectively.
CONCLUSION: Far, intermediate, and near VA are improved in presbyopic patients with the multifocal corneoscleral lens compared to uncorrected baseline VA, without adverse ocular effects. This evidence supports the safety and effectiveness of presbyopia correction with multifocal corneoscleral lenses.
A comparison of visual acuity measured by ETDRS chart and Standard Logarithmic Visual Acuity chart among outpatients
Authors:   Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330000, Jiangxi Province, China, Wang Tao , Chen Chen ,   Department of Ophthalmology, the Affiliated Eye Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330000, Jiangxi Province, China, Liu Ding-Wei ,   Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330000, Jiangxi Province, China, Yi Jing-Lin ,   Department of Ophthalmology, the Affiliated Eye Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330000, Jiangxi Province, China
Published: March 2021

AIM: To compare the results of visual acuity (VA) measured by Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study (ETDRS) chart, 5 m Standard Logarithm Visual Acuity (5SL) chart, and 2.5 m Standard Logarithm Visual Acuity (2.5SL) chart in outpatients of age 12-80y.
METHODS: Each patient (totally 2000 outpatients) had both eyes tested with ETDRS chart at 4 m, 5SL chart at 5 m, and 2.5SL chart at 2.5 m in random order. The VA values of outpatients were categorized by ages. VA values were expressed by logMAR recording method.
RESULTS: The mean VA results of ETDRS charts, 5SL, and 2.5SL chart were 0.52±0.28, 0.50±0.30, and 0.46±0.28 logMAR, respectively. There was a statistically significant difference in the three eye charts in the whole group (P<0.001). For all subjects, the correlation of VA tested with three charts was statistically significant (Spearman correlation coefficient=0.944, 0.937, 0.946, all P<0.001). Bland–Altman analysis shows the 95% limits of agreement between the 5SL and 2.5SL chart were -0.182 to 0.210, -0.139 to 0.251, and -0.151 to 0.235 logMAR, respectively).
CONCLUSION: The agreement between the three eye charts is not high. The VA measured by 5SL chart is slightly better than that by ETDRS chart and 5SL chart would be a suitable alternative when ETDRS chart are not available in the clinical situation. The VA measured by 2.5SL chart is about 0.5 line better than VA tested with ETDRS chart, which may overestimate VA.
Cost-effectiveness analysis of tele-retinopathy of prematurity screening in Iran
Authors:   Translational Ophthalmology Research Center, Farabi Eye Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 6719851351, Iran, Mohammadi Seyed-Farzad , Darabeigi Sahel ,   Translational Ophthalmology Research Center, Farabi Eye Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 6719851351, Iran, Salimi Nastaran ,   Translational Ophthalmology Research Center, Farabi Eye Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 6719851351, Iran, Farahani Afsar ,   Translational Ophthalmology Research Center, Farabi Eye Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 6719851351, Iran, Lashay Alireza ,   Translational Ophthalmology Research Center, Farabi Eye Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 6719851351, Iran, Alinia Cyrus ,   Department of Health Management and Economics, School of Public Health, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia 571478334, Iran
Published: March 2021

AIM: To conduct a cost-utility analysis of the tele- retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) screening program against no screening.
METHODS: A decision tree model was developed to identify and treat the infants with threshold ROP through the tele-screening system compared with no screening program from the societal perspective. We used the quality adjusted life years (QALY) index to measure the scenarios' effectiveness, which was discounted for the future years by 0.058. One hundred twenty-six randomly selected newborns with ROP required treatment were investigated to extract the treatment information. We considered the direct medical and non-medical costs in cost calculations analysed by the bottom-up approach. The figures of the model's inputs were calculated using the Monte Carlo simulation that generated 1000 random iteration of the data, and a one-way sensitivity analysis was performed on the model to cope with the potential uncertainties.
RESULTS: The total and per capita needed the budget to establish a tele-ROP screening system were estimated at over 1.5 million and 35.13 USD, respectively. The total cost of identifying and treating an ROP case in tele-screening and no screening strategies were obtained as 108.72 and 63.52 USD, respectively, and their lifetime discounted QALY gained were calculated as 15.39 and 15.11, respectively. Therefore, incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) of tele-screening strategy against the competitive strategy was achieved as 161.43 USD.
CONCLUSION: Tele-ROP screening program is one of the most cost-effective interventions in the Iranian health system and has a high priority to receive a budget for implementation.
Prevalence and risk factors of dry eye disease in young and middle-aged office employee: a Xi’an Study
Authors:   Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, Shaanxi Province, China, Hu Jing-Wen , Pan Shi-Yin ,   Shaanxi Institute of Ophthalmology, Xi'an City First Hospital, Xi'an 710002, Shaanxi Province, China; Shaanxi Key Lab of Ophthalmology, Xi'an 710002, Shaanxi Province, China; Clinical Center for Ophthalmology of Shaanxi Province, Xi'an 710002, Shaanxi Province, China, Yang Hua ,   Shaanxi Institute of Ophthalmology, Xi'an City First Hospital, Xi'an 710002, Shaanxi Province, China; Shaanxi Key Lab of Ophthalmology, Xi'an 710002, Shaanxi Province, China; Clinical Center for Ophthalmology of Shaanxi Province, Xi'an 710002, Shaanxi Province, China, Xiao Xiang-Hua ,   Shaanxi Institute of Ophthalmology, Xi'an City First Hospital, Xi'an 710002, Shaanxi Province, China; Shaanxi Key Lab of Ophthalmology, Xi'an 710002, Shaanxi Province, China; Clinical Center for Ophthalmology of Shaanxi Province, Xi'an 710002, Shaanxi Province, China
Published: March 2021

AIM: To estimate the prevalence of and risk factors for dry eye disease (DED) in young and middle-aged office employee in Xi'an.
METHODS: This cross-sectional study of the prevalence of and risk factors for DED investigated 486 young and middle-aged Chinese office employee in Xi'an. DED symptoms and potential risk factors were assessed using the ocular surface disease index combined with a risk factors questionnaire, and tear function was evaluated using the tear film break-up time and Schirmer's test. Possible risk factors for DED were estimated by binary Logistic regression analysis.
RESULTS: DED was diagnosed in 100 females and 96 males, giving a prevalence of 40.3% [95% confidence interval (CI)=36.0%-44.7%]. The multivariate binary Logistic regression model indicated that the possible risk factors for DED were being female (OR=1.592, 95%CI=1.034-2.451, P=0.035), being aged ≥40y (OR=1.593, 95%CI=1.034-2.454, P=0.035), using a VDT daily for >6h (OR=1.990, 95%CI=1.334-2.971, P=0.001), the presence of central air conditioning (OR=1.548, 95%CI=1.053-2.276, P=0.026), and self-reported dryness of the mouth and nose (OR=1.589, 95%CI=1.071-2.357, P=0.021).
CONCLUSION: There is a high prevalence of clinically diagnosed DED in young and middle-aged video display terminal (VDT) users. Interventions against the modifiable risk factors should be taken to prevent the occurrence and development of DED in this population.
Trends in research related to high myopia from 2010 to 2019: a bibliometric and knowledge mapping analysis
Authors:   Department of Ophthalmology, the Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Zhang Xiao-Dan , Jiang Hong-Hu ,   Eye Hospital of China Medical University, Jing Shuo-Lan ,   Eye Hospital of China Medical University, Zhao Jiang-Yue ,   Department of Ophthalmology, the Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Yu Zi-Yan ,   Department of Ophthalmology, the Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University
Published: March 2021

AIM: To evaluate the global trends in and explore hotspots of high myopia (HM) research.
METHODS: This bibliometric analysis was used to reveal the publication trends in HM research field based on the Web of Science Core Collection (WoSCC). VOSviewer version 1.6.13 software was used to analyze the data and construct a knowledge map including the yearly publication number, journals, countries, international collaborations, authors, research hotspots, and intellectual base in HM.
RESULTS: The search engine found 3544 peer-reviewed publications on HM between 2010 and 2019, and the yearly research output substantially elevated over the past decade. China is the top publishing country, and Sun Yat-sen University was the most active academic institution. Jonas JB is the top publishing scientist, and Investigative Ophthalmology and Visual Science (IOVS) was the most productive journal. The highest cited references mainly focused on epidemiology and management. The keywords formed 6 clusters: 1) refractive surgery; 2) etiology and clinical characteristics; 3) the mechanism of eye growth; 4) management for myopic maculopathy; 5) vitrectomy surgical treatment; 6) myopia-associated glaucoma-like optic neuropathy.
CONCLUSION: The evaluation of development trends based on the data extracted from WoSCC can provide valuable information and guidance for ophthalmologists and public health researchers to improve management procedures in HM field.
Aspectos da Dominação Masculina no Processo Sucessório em Empresas Familiares do Setor Automotivo
Authors: Coimbra Dayana Gomes , Souza Júnior Armando Araújo de , Moraes Ana Flávia De Moraes
Published: March 2021

Este trabalho apresenta uma avaliação sobre a interferência da dominação masculina no processo sucessório de pai para filha em cinco empresas familiares do setor automotivo. A metodologia abordada foi de caráter qualitativo com análise de conteúdo desenvolvida por meio de discursos transcritos de entrevistas com roteiros semiestruturados. Os resultados obtidos apontam que a dominação masculina é um ponto de interferência dentro do processo de sucessão, o qual depara em questões culturais e emocionais quando inserido ao ambiente organizacional familiar. Também foi observado que esta dominação não está somente imposta ao âmbito da alta gestão, mas também ao operacional. Estudar a dominação masculina como fator de interferência no processo de sucessão em empresas familiares do setor automotivo é relevante para a reflexão a respeito das representações sociais que a masculinidade impõe ao contexto organizacional e às possibilidades de mudança nos paradigmas enfrentados pelo gênero mulher à frente dos negócios.
Águas Inseguras? Monitoramento da qualidade da água estocada em cisternas no semiárido paraibano
Authors: Nery Janiele França , Nery Gleydson Kleyton Moura , Melo Marilene Nascimento , Medeiros Salomão Sousa
Published: March 2021

Cisterns are alternatives that guarantee access to water in a decentralized manner. They have low environment impact and are economically viable in Brazilian semiarid. This study aimed to assess water quality stored in cisterns in a rural settlement in Cubati - semiarid of Paraíba. PH, electrical conductivity, total dissolved solids, salinity, color, turbidity, nitrogen nutrients and thermotolerant coliforms were monitored during the rainy (April and June / 2018) and dry (December / 2018) periods. The water stored in the cisterns comes from different sources between the hydrological periods, coming primarily from rainwater harvesting in the rainy season and from the supply of water trucks during the dry period. The waters, from all analyzed sources, did not present potable characteristics, presenting high values for color parameters (49.6 to 196.5 uC), turbidity (6.9 to 83.9 NTU), nitrate (2.2 10.2 mg / L), total coliforms and Escherichia coli. Thus, despite the storage of water in cisterns as a potential source of access to water for communities in the semiarid region, there is an evident need for treatment before its consumption, with rainwater harvesting being the most suitable source for more noble purposes such as drinking or cooking.
O uso das TICs como recurso didático no processo de ensino-aprendizado de língua portuguesa: implicações dessa interface em sala de aula
Authors: Batista Marília Quaresma , Ribeiro da Silva Maria Célia , Sodré Ferreira de Sousa Ianna Maria
Published: March 2021

The pedagogical strategy most used today to arouse students’ interest in classes is the use of technological resources. Portuguese language teaching has also adopted it. For this reason, this qualitative research aims to verify whether the insertion of Information and Communication Technology in the Portuguese language discipline influences students’ learning. Meetings were held, in a pedagogical environment, with students from two high school classes at the IFPB, Campus Campina Grande, in the academic year of 2019. Pedagogical activities were carried out, with and without the use of technological resources, which included the contents of reading and interpretation of chronicles, as well as the production of micro fictions. The main result obtained indicated that the use of technological resources can influence the pedagogical process, as well as the academic performance of students, in a positive way. In addition to that, students were more attentive and participated more actively in class. There was also an improvement in the student-student ratio due to the activities proposed. 