bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Problem Drinkers and Their Driving Licences
Authors: Chick Jonathan
Published: January 2018

As announced in 1983, the Department of Transport has issued new procedures for dealing with drinking and driving offenders deemed ‘high risk’, being those disqualified for the second time in 10 years for driving with a blood alcohol concentration over 2 ½ times the legal limit (i.e. 200 mg per cent) or failing to provide a specimen. The Driver and Vehicle Licensing Centre at Swansea will notify such an individual that when he applies for his licence on the expiry of the second period of disqualification (usually three years or more) ‘consideration will be given to whether these convictions indicate a medical disability and, if so, whether he has managed to get his drinking problem under control’. He will be advised to seek help from an alcohol counselling agency and will be given a list of such agencies.
The Scribe's Column
Authors:   Ezra the Scribe
Published: January 2018

It is surprising that devotees (and who isn't) of our ever-expanding multidisciplinary psychiatric teams have so far ignored the contribution that could so usefully be made by our colleagues the Estate Agents. Psychiatric hospitals advertising jobs and Estate Agents selling properties share a common problem and a common phraseology. The purpose of this paper is to suggest that we could usefully learn from each other in a properly constituted multidisciplinary setting.
Responsibilities of Consultants in Child, Family and Adolescent Psychiatry: A Personal View
Authors: Wardle Christopher J.
Published: January 2018

This paper discusses the special problems of consultants' responsibilities in child and adolescent psychiatry, following the College memorandum (Bulletin, September 1977, pp 4–7). In particular consideration is given to the implications of consultants working in multidisciplinary teams and attached to clinics, residential homes and schools administered by the Local Authority. Ever since 1927, when Emanuel Miller opened the East London Child Guidance Clinic, a multidisciplinary team approach has been the elected method for dealing with psychiatric problems of children and their families.
Review of the Mental Health Act, 1959: A Summary of the White Paper
Authors: Bluglass Robert
Published: January 2018

The White Paper (HMSO Cmnd 7320) was published on 13 September, and its proposals are stated to be based on the need to strengthen the rights and safeguard the liberties of the mentally disordered, whilst retaining a proper regard for the rights and safety of the general public and staff.
Postgraduate Training in Psychiatry in India
Authors: Sharma Shridhar
Published: January 2018

Modern medical education in India began in 1822 in a medical school at Calcutta, but postgraduate medical education started much later. It was restricted to two or three medical colleges at the beginning of this century and was confined to a few specialties such as medicine, surgery and midwifery. Where such qualifications existed, very few students enrolled. Today more than 80 out of a total of 107 medical colleges have facilities for postgraduate training in sixteen broad specialties and over a dozen sub-specialties such as cardiology, nephrology and aviation medicine.
Implementation of the 9th International Classification of Diseases
Authors: Bewley Thomas
Published: January 2018

The College has recommended that the WHO Glossary of psychiatric terms should be in general use with the 9th International Classification of Diseases and has asked that the Department of Health and Social Security should support its being made available to all grades of psychiatric staff. (It is hoped in this way to achieve greater consistency in the recording of psychiatric diagnoses on form HMR 1 (Psych. I/P) for the purposes of the Mental Health Enquiry.) The Department of Health and Social Security issued a general letter on 5 April 1979, Ref. SRF/2/88 in which they stated: ‘It is hoped that hospital administrations will find it possible to make copies of the glossary available to all grades of psychiatric staff and to administrative and clerical staff in psychiatric records departments’. Copies of the Glossary, which replaces the previous WHO booklet on the 8th Revision of the ICD, are available from HMSO. The price is £4.20 per copy for orders of less than 50 copies; there is a discount on large orders.
Objectives in Psychiatric Teaching
Authors: Thompson Chris
Published: January 2018

There has been a recent upsurge of ‘educationalism’ in the field of psychiatry which, as a trainee, I would like to comment upon. The Cambridge conference on education and training (Bulletin, June 1982, 6, 105; 107) briefly considered the option of educational objectives as a way of planning, monitoring and assessing a training scheme. Others have called on the College to issue a syllabus for the MRCPsych Examination (Bulletin, November 1981, 5, 215), and Dr R. Symonds of the Southern Division has presented a syllabus for in-service training which is adapted from a Canadian model. All these suggestions suffer from drawbacks, but some are more appropriate to the needs of trainees than others. Each is trying to tackle the same problem: to fill in the educational gaps which all trainees have, some more than others, and which frequently go undetected until the exam. Such elementary skills as mental state examination and interview skills are often poorly taught.
Identifying Out-Patients and Ex-Patients Who Have Died Suddenly
Authors: King Elizabeth
Published: January 2018

In a study to investigate how many ex-patients died since 1974 from sudden or violent causes among all the residents in the catchment area of a general hospital psychiatric unit, the identification of the ex-patients was completed with minimum use of the local coroner as a source of names. Since much of the information available from coroners is available elsewhere, and in view of the considerable pressure of work on coroners, it was felt that alternative sources of information should initially be explored. Three alternative sources, available from death registration procedures, are described and the usefulness of the data available from each source discussed.
Why Do Candidates Fail the MRCPsych Part II?
Authors: Reveley Adrianne
Published: January 2018

Candidates from our Institution have not been uniformly successful in passing the MRCPsych Examination. It was therefore decided to offer some specific guidance to our trainees who were about to take Part II, in the form of a short ‘revision’ course incorporating mock clinical and viva examinations. A small working party was set up to organize this.
‘Psychopaths' in Special Hospitals
Authors: Mawson David
Published: January 2018

The continued existence of ‘psychopathic disorder’ in the Mental Health Act of 1983 ensures that well into the next century individuals thus categorized will be detained in Special Hospitals and elsewhere. In this paper I want to consider the problem of ‘psychopaths' in the Special Hospitals, as I see them, both for the patients and the institutions, and I will pay special attention to the way such patients are detained. More specifically, I will argue that greater use should be made of treatment orders during the course of a prison sentence, rather than at the time of conviction. In other words, let there be more use of Section 72 of the 1959 Act (to become Section 47 of the new Act), as opposed to Sections 60 and 60(65), which in the new Act become Sections 37 and 41 respectively. At the end of 1982 only seven out of about 150 ‘psychopathic disorder’ patients in Broadmoor were detained under Section 72. The great majority were held on Section 60(65).
Day Care or Confusion?
Authors: Vaughan Phillip J.
Published: January 2018

Over thirty-five years have elapsed since Dr Joshua Bierer opened the first psychiatric day unit in London in 1946. Following a somewhat tentative start in the early 1950s, day hospitals expanded rapidly during the latter 1950s, ‘60s and into the ‘70s, and are now regarded as an established part of the psychiatric services. However, it is probably a truism that many of the staff working in psychiatry know little more about the philosophy, practice and effectiveness of day care than their colleagues did a generation ago.
Multidisciplinary Training Groups in a Psychiatric Hospital
Authors: Nitsun Morris , Gledhill Raymond , Shanley Rosalind
Published: January 2018

Staff groups of various kinds are an important part of the life of a psychiatric hospital, yet there have been few attempts to document and assess their functioning. This would seem particularly important at present when the ‘multidisciplinary approach’ is regarded as an ideal in the treatment of the psychiatrically ill. Yet, many who have had experience of multidisciplinary groups are aware that they sometimes create as many problems as they solve. In this project, three multidisciplinary groups were formed from within the staff of a psychiatric hospital, cutting across the usual boundaries of ward and administrative teams, with the aim of studying the groups as representations of the institution and attempting to facilitate participants' functioning in the wider interdisciplinary setting.
The MRCPsych Examination—A Consumer Survey
Authors: Trotter Carol , Hughes Gareth
Published: January 2018

Few postgraduate medical examinations have attracted so much comment and criticism as the MRCPsych. The main participants in the debate have been the College and its various training sub-committees, and APIT which has always been opposed to the MRCPsych examination in principle (Bulletin, April 1979). In a recent Newsletter (March, 1980) APIT stated that only 5 out of 90 trainees in their 1979 survey felt that passing the MRCPsych examination proved that one is a competent psychiatrist. It felt that the examination had ‘crystallized’, with no fundamental changes despite a number of Examination Forums held by the College. Radical changes in order to improve the examination were therefore advocated.
Section 136 and the Police
Authors: Dunn John , Fahy Thomas
Published: January 2018

Section 136 of the Mental Health Act 1983 is a controversial section. It authorises a police constable, often with no psychiatric training, to take a mentally disordered person from a public place to a place of safety, usually a hospital or a police station, so that he or she may be assessed by a doctor and a social worker within a 72 hour period. There have been several studies looking at this section from the point of view of psychiatrists, social workers, and other interested parties, in particular MIND. The aim of this study was to find out from the police whether or not problems arose during their dealings with people whom they had placed on section 136.
Psychiatry as part of a Pre-registration Rotation
Authors: Seager C. P.
Published: January 2018

The General Medical Council published Recommendations on Basic Medical Education in which the principles of the Pre-registration House Officer post were updated. An important provision was the acceptance of a variety of combinations of posts including four months in general medicine, four months in general surgery and four months in another clinical hospital discipline or in a health centre.
Patients and Powers of Attorney
Authors: MacFarlane A. B.
Published: January 2018

Where patients are suffering from mental disorder, one of the early questions asked is how best their financial affairs can be managed. Very often, in the case of elderly people, bills have been left unpaid, letters unopened and even court summonses unattended to. They may need to move to a nursing home or other residential care and their house or flat may need to be sold to pay fees. Until 1986, the only valid way of arranging for patients' financial affairs to be looked after (except in the simplest of cases) was by application to the Court of Protection, who could appoint a receiver to stand in the patient's shoes or make a ‘short procedure’ order to cater for patients whose assets were small and easily-managed.
The Membership Examination—One Candidate's Viewpoint
Authors: Daly Oscar
Published: January 2018

Several authors have written articles giving advice from the examiners' standpoint regarding the Membership examination in psychiatry but surprisingly little has been written by those with recent first-hand knowledge of the examination. Having failed the examination on my first attempt due to poor technique, I feel other candidates should be made aware of some possible pitfalls which they may encounter. Examinations, unfortunately, do not always necessarily examine that which they purport to examine. I also feel that some useful tips, which may make the examinee's task an easier one, should be passed on.
Homelessness, outreach and advocacy: Current themes in North American community psychiatry
Authors: Thornicroft Graham
Published: January 2018

With the process of closing psychiatric hospitals and establishing community-based alternatives more than 20 years old in the United States, psychiatric practice there is in the post-deinstitutionalisation age. In Britain we are now starting on this same path. Against this background, I attended the annual conference convened by the journal Hospital and Community Psychiatry in October 1987. Held in Boston, in the same week that Major Koch of New York sanctioned the compulsory reinstitutionalisation of homeless mentally ill people from the streets of Manhattan, the conference emphasised four themes: homelessness, outreach programmes, systems of case management, and compulsory out-patient treatment.
Conflicts and context in managing the closure of a large psychiatric hospital
Authors: McKee Lorna
Published: January 2018

The slow progress in providing community-based care for mentally ill people and thus closing large psychiatric institutions has been well researched and documented. The enquiries have typically sought to demonstrate the gap between national policy intent and reality and have highlighted the structural, financial and organisational barriers to achieving new forms of service provision. Equally, an important recent study has shown that there are marked intra-Britain differences in how the assumed unitary national policy is interpreted and implemented. There is general agreement that the present ‘statutory framework’ inhibits radical service change and, furthermore, that centralised planning, joint-working, joint-planning mechanisms are flawed and underpinned by a poorly formulated financial and manpower strategy. Some management ‘process’ factors have also been isolated such as the presence/absence of clear leadership and ‘committed local champions of change’. The issue of ‘interprofessional tensions’ has been only briefly alluded to, with even less recognition of how the other powerful organisational groups interrelate. Certainly, there has been little ethnographic detail of how these tensions between dominant groups are played out at a local level or indeed impinge on local decision-making and progress. More typically, existing accounts of the closure of the large institutions have had a structuralist bias, with more emphasis upon the impact of regional and national policy and on the machinery of collaboration than on internal politics or the effects of local power relations.
A personal view
Authors: Dedman Paul
Published: January 2018

There is currently considerable interest in liaison psychiatry and recently a Royal College Special Interest Group has been set up in this field. Although few psychiatrists are employed full-time in this sub-speciality, it appears that much time is spent by psychiatrists in doing liaison work and this is likely to become more important with the increasing movement of psychiatrists into the District General Hospital (DGH). There is ample evidence to suggest that there is a high prevalence of psychiatric morbidity in a DGH population which can be seen as representing potential for expansion. However, there is no consensus as to the scope of liaison psychiatry, whether expansion would indeed be desirable and whether psychiatrists possess suitable skills for the job.
Achievements of the Research Committee of the Royal College of Psychiatrists (1971–1985)
Authors: Sims Andrew
Published: January 2018

In the Charter of the College, the Research Committee is established as a Standing Committee of Council; thus research has always been seen to be an essential part of the work of the College. The four main roles of the Research Committee are: (a) to help, advise and encourage the membership of the College in carrying out psychiatric research; (b) to advise the Council on the place of all aspects of research in the College; (c) to maintain a dialogue between the College and major potential grant-giving organizations for research, for example, the Medical Research Committee (MRC), the Department of Health and Social Services (DHSS) (both of which send observers to the Research Committee) and larger relevant voluntary organizations; and (d) in some circumstances to be the agent for carrying out research.
Ex-phobic Volunteers in the Treatment of Agoraphobic Patients
Authors: Tyrer Peter
Published: January 2018

Although behaviour therapy, primarily in the form of gradual and prolonged exposure to phobic situations, is now well established as the treatment of choice in most cases of agoraphobia not all suitable patients receive this treatment. This is partly because behaviour therapy is time-consuming and, although there have been great gains made in recent years with the establishment of training for nurses in behaviour therapy, in many peripheral hospitals few nurses have the necessary training. There are increasing demands made upon the time of the community psychiatric nurse and it seems likely that the proportion spent in behaviour therapy will be squeezed to a level that will deprive some patients of its benefits.
Cut Price Adolescent Units that meet all Needs and None?
Authors: Wells Peter
Published: January 2018

As a junior doctor, I worked on an adolescent unit attached to a large mental hospital. Since it provided a base for a regional service, it struggled to cope with referrals of all kinds. The in-patient population consisted of youngsters of both sexes exhibiting a wide variety of disorders ranging from psychosis, anorexia and brain syndromes to emotional and conduct disorders. The turnover was low: about 18 admissions per year to the 18 beds. This resulted in a lengthy waiting list which afforded the unit some protection: seriously acting out and other very pressing problems that could not wait often had to go elsewhere.
State of Violence
Authors: Slobodkin Yan
Published: January 2018

This article highlights a moment in the history of French West Africa when violence was both ubiquitous and forbidden. During the interwar period, French reformers pushed for the elimination of the routine use of violence by colonial administrators. The intervention of activist journalists and human rights groups put pressure on colonial policy makers to finally bring administrative practice in line with imperial rhetoric. Local administrators, however, felt that such meddling interfered with their ability to govern effectively. A case of torture and murder by French functionaries in the Ivory Coast village of Oguiédoumé shows how struggles over antiviolence reform played out from the ground up.

Cet article souligne un moment dans l'histoire de l'Afrique-Occidentale Française où la violence a été à la fois omniprésente et interdite. Pendant l'entre-deux-guerres, des réformistes français ont lutté pour éliminer la violence quotidienne commise par les administrateurs coloniaux. L'intervention des journalistes militants et des organisations des droits de l'homme a poussé l'Etat colonial à réaliser les promesses de la mission civilisatrice. Par contre, les administrateurs locaux sentaient que ce discours contre la violence limitait leur capacité de gouverner avec efficacité. Une affaire de torture et de meurtre commis en 1933 par des fonctionnaires français dans le village d'Oguiédoumé en Côte-d'Ivoire montre comment la lutte contre la violence a influencé la situation coloniale sur place.
“A New Israel”
Authors: Asseraf Arthur
Published: January 2018

In 1960–62 French officials considered partitioning Algeria between European- and Muslim-majority areas, much later and more seriously than the existing historiography shows. Even supporters of partition, however, remained ambivalent, regarding it as a “foreign” approach to decolonization opposed to French principles of territorial unity and racial equality. Thus they discussed partition by comparing Algeria to foreign models, in particular the partition of the British Mandate of Palestine that led to the creation of the state of Israel. Drawing on the private papers of Prime Minister Michel Debré, the writings of Alain Peyrefitte, and archives from the Ministries of Algerian and Foreign Affairs, this article argues that partition plans were failed attempts to deflect colonialism by looking sideways. To do so, the supporters of partition made use of comparison, a long-standing tool of the colonial administration.

En 1960–62, le gouvernement français envisagea de partager l'Algérie entre zones de majorité européenne et musulmane, bien plus sérieusement et plus tard que ne le décrit l'historiographie actuelle. Mais même les partisans les plus ardents d'une partition restèrent relativement ambivalents face à ce projet, qu'ils considéraient comme une solution « étrangère » de décolonisation opposée aux principes français d'unité territoriale et d'égalité raciale. Ils évaluèrent ainsi la partition potentielle de l'Algérie en la comparant avec de nombreux modèles étrangers, en particulier la partition du mandat britannique de Palestine qui donna lieu à l'état d'Israël. S'appuyant sur les papiers du premier ministre Michel Debré, les écrits d'Alain Peyrefitte et les archives des ministères des Affaires algériennes et étrangères, cet article montre que les projets de partition furent des tentatives ratées de se détourner du problème colonial en regardant au loin. Pour ce faire, les partisans du partage firent usage de la comparaison, un vieil outil intellectuel de l'administration coloniale.
Chitin protects gut epithelial barrier in a protochordate model of DSS-induced colitis
Authors: Liberti Assunta , Zucchetti Ivana , Melillo Daniela , Skapura Diana , Shibata Yoshimi , De Santis Rosaria , Pinto Maria Rosaria , Litman Gary W. , Dishaw Larry J.
Published: January 2018

The gastrointestinal tract of Ciona intestinalis, a solitary tunicate that siphon filters water, shares similarities with its mammalian counterpart. The Ciona gut exhibits other features that are unique to protochordates, including certain immune molecules, and other characteristics, e.g. chitin-rich mucus, which appears to be more widespread than considered previously. Exposure of Ciona to dextran sulphate sodium (DSS) induces a colitis-like phenotype similar to that seen in other systems and is characterized by alteration of epithelial morphology and infiltration of blood cells into lamina propria like regions. DSS treatment also influences the production and localization of a secreted immune molecule shown previously to co-localize to chitin-rich mucus in the gut. Resistance to DSS is enhanced by exposure to exogenous chitin microparticles, suggesting that endogenous chitin is critical to barrier integrity. Protochordates, such as Ciona, retain basic characteristics found in other more advanced chordates and can inform us of uniquely conserved signals shaping host-microbiota interactions in the absence of adaptive immunity. These simpler model systems may also reveal factors and processes that modulate recovery from colitis, the role gut microbiota play in the onset of the disease, and the rules that help govern the reestablishment and maintenance of gut homeostasis.
Monitoring training load: necessity, methods and applications
Authors: Pind Rasmus , Mäestu Jarek
Published: January 2018

Regular physical activity and participation in organized sports is important contributor to performance and for overall health and fitness in humans of various age range. In performance related areas, every detail in the training sessions is important for the athlete to be in the best shape the chosen competition day. Sport scientists have been making hard effort to find out how the training has the influence on performance. Thus, training monitoring is important tool to evaluate an athlete’s response to training. Banister developed the ‘training impulse’ (TRIMP) as a method to quantify training load. The TRIMP consists of the exercise intensity calculated by the heart rate (HR) reserve method and the duration of exercise. Foster et al. [23] developed a modification of the rating of the perceived exertion method, which uses Rated Perceived Exertion (RPE) as a marker of training intensity within the TRIMP concept. For quantifying and calculating training load, the athlete’s RPE (1–10pt scale) is multiplied by the duration of the session. Ideally, the perceptions of training load should match between athlete and coach to have optimal adaptation. Thus, this brief review article is evaluating training monitoring opportunities without the need of expensive equipment.
Acute effect of resisted sprinting upon regular sprint performance
Authors: Van Den Tillaar Roland , Teixeira Amaro , Marinho Daniel
Published: January 2018

The aim of this study was to investigate the acute effect of resisted sprinting upon running sprint performance. Thirty male athletes from track and field (age: 21.2±2.9 yrs, body mass: 69.8±9.8 kg, height: 1.75±0.08 m) performed two different test sessions (one day of 7×60 m runs alternating between regular and resisted sprinting and the other day 7×60 m of regular sprints) with 5 min between each run. Sled towing individually weighted to 10% of each participant’s body mass was used as resistance for the resisted sprints. It was found that training with or without resistance had the same effect; there is no acute effect of resisted sprinting upon sprint performance after using resisted runs. It was concluded that resisted sprinting does not have any acute positive effect upon regular sprints of 60 m, but only a fatiguing effect.
Physical fitness among 6th grade students and evaluation with the normative reference values
Authors: Sepp Eilin , Riso Eva-Maria , Vaiksaar Sille , Pihu Maret
Published: January 2018

The objective of this study was to compare Estonian 6th grade students’ physical fitness level with normative values from ALPHA fitness test and international normative 20 m shuttle run values. The following healthrelated fitness components were assessed: cardiorespiratory fitness, flexibility, muscular strength, muscular endurance and speed, as a skillrelated fitness component. Physical fitness results were evaluated with the ALPHA health-related fitness test battery for children and adolescents and with normative 20 m shuttle run values. Students from 6th grade (n=178) participated in the study. Physical fitness performance was not signi ficantly different between boys and girls, except for flexibility and upper body muscle strength and endurance. Boys’ percentage in very low and low level was higher on every test compared to girls’ results based on normative values. The results of the research indicate the importance to measure the physical fitness of schoolchildren and to compare them with the evaluation scales to plan and carry out more PE lessons focusing on physical fitness development. Further research is needed to evaluate students’ physical fitness levels among different age groups. Physical fitness development is urgently needed and should be included in school curriculum.
Credentialing of Hospitalists in Ultrasound‐Guided Bedside Procedures: A Position Statement of the Society of Hospital Medicine
Authors: Lucas Brian P. , Tierney David M. , Jensen Trevor P. , Dancel Ria , Cho Joel , El‐Barbary Mahmoud , Franco‐Sadud Ricardo ,   SHM Point‐of‐Care‐Ultrasound Task Force, Soni Nilam J.
Published: January 2018

Ultrasound guidance is used increasingly to perform the following 6 bedside procedures that are core competencies of hospitalists: abdominal paracentesis, arterial catheter placement, arthrocentesis, central venous catheter placement, lumbar puncture, and thoracentesis. Yet most hospitalists have not been certified to perform these procedures, whether using ultrasound guidance or not, by specialty boards or other institutions extramural to their own hospitals. Instead, hospital privileging committees often ask hospitalist group leaders to make ad hoc intramural certification assessments as part of credentialing. Given variation in training and experience, such assessments are not straightforward “sign offs.” We thus convened a panel of experts to conduct a systematic review to provide recommendations for credentialing hospitalist physicians in ultrasound guidance of these 6 bedside procedures. Pathways for initial and ongoing credentialing are proposed. A guiding principle of both is that certification assessments for basic competence are best made through direct observation of performance on actual patients.
Enacting democratic relations in everyday teaching: Comparing teachers’ practices from preschool to high school
Authors: Frelin Anneli
Published: January 2018

In democratic societies fostering democratic citizens is an important goal of education and includes the experience of democratic relations. But how do teachers interpret and carry this out? Are there differences between the levels of schooling, and if so, what? In an explorative study, interviews with teachers from preschool to high school were conducted and analysed to elicit practical arguments. The informants described their mission as intertwined in everyday activities and teaching democracy ‘as a way of life’ in the spirit of Dewey. For example, the task of fostering quality in relations, such as empathy, was only discussed by preschool teachers, whereas the task of balancing equal relationships was addressed by all the informants at all levels. It also became clear that the progression of democratic learning runs parallel with addressing ever-present relational issues of a democratic nature.
Do corpo de Röentgen ao corpo Rendering. Considerações sobre eugenia e construções de imagem médica no séc. XXI
Authors: Solano Carla
Published: January 2018

O objeto teórico parte de um acontecimento, cronologicamente situado no final do século XIX, a descoberta dos raios X, por Röentgen, e a construção de conhecimentos, entre a anatomia, as imagens e a descoberta cientifica, que chamamos “corpo radiológico ou corpo de Röentgen”. Coloca-se o enfoque nos últimos 50 anos desta descoberta. Os saberes, inicialmente edificados numa Europa influída dos ideais da racionalidade cientifica (eugenia) e o discurso do corpo, sobre eles construído ao longo do século XX, legitimam o normal e o patológico na anatomia. As questões teóricas que colocamos são: situado o enfoque nas atuais imagens digitais, das quais resulta um corpo construído e “renderizado”, pode este corpo ser lido como uma produção de contornos “eugenistas”? Pode tornar-se um dispositivo tecnológico manipulável? Fazemos um bosquejo histórico sobre eugenia e a sua atualidade, interpelamos o conceito de corpo binário / digital e do “VISUAL HUMAN PROJECT”, a sua construção, e versamos o processo de “renderização / reformatação” do corpo da medicina até ao século XXI. Ponderamos o modo como as imagens médicas digitais, ás quais está associada uma determinada “expertise” estão sustentadas em conjuntos de classificações sob a forma de padrões de normalidade.
Massa Óssea Cortical do Fémur numa Coleção Esquelética de Referência Portuguesa
Authors: Curate Francisco , Cunha Eugénia
Published: January 2018

Neste trabalho, pretende-se investigar a fragilidade óssea cortical no fémur com a idade (à morte) e a sua associação ao sexo e à densidade mineral óssea. Os parâmetros radiogramétricos do fémur e a densidade mineral óssea no fémur proximal foram avaliados numa amostra de indivíduos adultos (N=98) da Coleção de Esqueletos Identificados da Universidade de Coimbra (Portugal). A largura total da diáfise (LTD), o índice cortical do fémur (FEMCI) e a densidade mineral óssea (DMO) são significativamente maiores nos homens, enquanto a largura medular (LM) não é estatisticamente diferente entre os sexos. Os parâmetros corticais da diáfise do fémur encontram-se associados à idade apenas nas mulheres; por seu lado, a DMO declina com a idade em ambos os sexos. A avaliação do osso cortical do fémur revela trajetórias sexuais específicas de perda óssea endosteal e aposição periosteal, que têm origem em diferenças sexuais no grau e padrão de perda de osso, bem como no tamanho ósseo. Nas mulheres, a perda endocortical de osso aumenta com a idade, particularmente nos anos peri- e pós-menopáusicos, desacelerando mais tarde. De forma concomitante, a acreção de osso na superfície subperiosteal persiste durante a vida adulta – equilibrando parcialmente a fragilidade óssea nas mulheres. A resistência óssea a meio da diáfise do fémur parece ser preservada durante grande parte da vida em ambos os sexos.
Protocolo de observação de morfologia dentária: sistematização de observações em contexto profissional e de formação académica
Authors: Marado Luís Miguel , Cunha Claudia , Scott G. Richard , Silva Ana Maria
Published: January 2018

Em bioarqueologia, a morfologia dentária centra-se em variáveis da coroa e da raiz que podem estar presentes ou ausentes e, quando presentes, frequentemente exibem variação na expressão, de ligeira a pronunciada (p. ex.: incisivos em pá, carácter de Carabelli). Estudos em gémeos e famílias demonstram que estes caracteres são predominantemente determinados por fatores genéticos. Numerosos estudos de populações demonstraram que os caracteres não-métricos dentários são ferramentas poderosas para ferir afinidade biológica entre amostras ao nível local, regional, continental e global. O objetivo deste trabalho é providenciar a profissionais (p. ex.: quem escreva relatórios de contexto arqueológico) ou estudantes (p. ex.: que preparem projetos de teses) uma lista de 27 caracteres essenciais que constituem o número mínimo de variáveis para caracterizar amostras esqueléticas ou vivas. Recomendações adicionais para além da ‘lista de caracteres não-métricos essenciais’ focam-se em (a) métodos de registo de desgaste oclusal, (b) o formato da base de dados de morfologia dentárias, (c) as bases do método de contagem individual e (d) a importância de avaliar o erro de observador (ou precisão no registo).
PARTICIPATORY LEARNING AND ACTION (PLA) DI DESA TERPENCIL: Peran LSM PROVISI Yogyakarta dalam Pemberdayaan Masyarakat di Lubuk Bintialo, Sumatra Selatan
Authors: Silmi Alin Fatharani
Published: January 2018

Penelitian ini memiliki tujuan untuk menganalisis pemberdayaan yang dilakukan oleh LSM Provisi Yogyakarta dengan menggunakan metode pemberdayaan Participatory Learning and Action (PLA) dan strategi yang dilakukan oleh LSM tersebut untuk memberdayaan masyarakat desa terpencil. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif kualitatif berdasarkan apa yang terjadi di lapangan, pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui wawancara, pengamatan langsung, Focus Group Discussion (FGD) dan dokumentasi. Pemilihan informan dilakukan secara purposive sampling yaitu Manager Project LSM Provisi, Team Leader, dan staff lapangan LSM Provisi, dan masyarakat yang diberdayakan. Lokasi penelitian di Lubuk Bintialo, Kabupaten Musi Banyuasin, Palembang, Sumatra Selatan. Pemberdayaan desa tertinggal ini dianalisis melalui pendekatan dengan menggunakan Participatory Learning and Action (PLA). Pendekatan berbasis partisipasi ini merupakan salah satu metode pemberdayaan yang mengedepankan partisipasi masyarakat dalam suatu proses pemberdayaan. Hasil penelitian ini berdasarkan temuan di lapangan ialah, metode pemberdayaan ini dilakukan dengan cara langsung, yaitu memberikan pengarahan tetapi sekaligus praktek. Ada dua fokus pemberdayaan yang dilakukan kepada masyarakat Lubuk Bintialo, yaitu pemberdayaan berbasis perikanan dan pertanian.
Korelasi Strategi Marketing dan Kualitas Madrasah dengan Animo Masyarakat dalam Memilih Madrasah sebagai Tempat Pendidikan Anak
Authors: Hidayah Nurul
Published: January 2018

Madrasah quality certainly consider a marketing strategy that is used with the aim of getting the prospective students who Excel and Excel through diverse media promotion as determined by their respective cultures, needs and environmental conditions the prospective student. The society chose the madrasah not quality implies some problems such as a madrasah) output 1 has not yet reached the expected target communities, 2) lack of socialization in society course, 3) the quality of graduates madrasah that has not been able to compete with public schools. Therefore, the aim in this study is to analyze the level of marketing strategy, the quality of the madrasah and animo community as well as to analyze the correlation of madrasah quality and marketing strategy with community interests. As for korelasinya certainly has a significant relationship between marketing strategy and the quality of the madrasah with community interests in choosing the madrasah as a child in the neighborhood institution Kamasan Village Monjok town of Mataram is evidenced by the significance level of 0.000 < 0.05.
Keywords: Marketing Strategy, Quality of Madrasah, Animo Community
Abstrak                                                       
Madrasah yang berkualitas tentu mempertimbangkan strategi marketing yang digunakan dengan tujuan mendapatkan para calon siswa-siswi yang unggul serta berprestasi melalui beragam media promosi yang ditentukan oleh masing-masing budaya, kebutuhan dan kondisi lingkungan calon muridnya. Masyarakat memilih madrasah yang tidak berkualitas berimplikasi pada beberapa permasalahan seperti 1) output madrasah yang belum mencapai target yang diharapkan masyarakat, 2) kurangnya sosialisasi dalam mengikuti program masyarakat, 3) kualitas lulusan madrasah yang belum mampu bersaing dengan sekolah umum. Oleh karena itu, tujuan dalam penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis tingkat strategi marketing, kualitas madrasah dan animo masyarakat serta untuk menganalisis korelasi strategi marketing dan kualitas madrasah dengan animo masyarakat. Adapun korelasinya tentu memiliki hubungan yang signifikan antara strategi marketing dan kualitas madrasah dengan animo masyarakat dalam memilih Madrasah sebagai lembaga pendidikan anak di lingkungan Kamasan Kelurahan Monjok Kota Mataram dibuktikan dengan tingkat signifikansi 0,000 <  0,05.
Kata Kunci: Strategi Marketing, Kualitas Madrasah, Animo masyarakat
Pengembangan Peraturan Kelas sebagai Upaya Kuratif Terhadap Perilaku Menyimpang Siswa dalam Pembelajaran Tematik Terpadu di Kelas IV MIN Yogyakarta
Authors: Tanfidiyah Nur
Published: January 2018

Basic education plays an important role in shaping the student’s personallity. A student who has a good personallity is reflected i behavioral changes in accordance with class rules that has been agreed. Therefore, the effort to develop class rules becomes a whorthy study. This qualitative research acquires information from research objectives, which reffered to as informats or respondents through data collection instruments such as in-depth interview method, passive participant observation, and documentation method. The process of data analysis inthis study uses data analysis which is proposed by Miles and Huberman that is an activity in the analysis of quantitative data interactively and lasted continously until throughly finished, so that the data is saturated. This study concludes that the development of the fourth grade MIN rule (Madrasah Ibtidaiyah Negeri) in the general is able to overcome student deviant behavior and contribute to student achievement.
Keywords: Class Rule, Deviant Behavior, Integrated Thematic Learning
 Abstrak
Pendidikan dasar memegang peran penting dalam membentuk kepribadian siswa. Kepribadian siswa yang baik salah satunya tercermin dari perubahan perilaku sesuai dengan peraturan kelas yang telah disepakati. Oleh karena itu, usaha pengembangan peraturan kelas menjadi kajian yang patut dilakukan. Penelitian kualitatif ini menggunakan informasi yang diperoleh dari sasaran penelitian, yang selanjutnya disebut informan atau responden melalui instrumen pengumpulan data seperti metode wawancara mendalam, observasi partisipasi pasif, dan metode dokumentasi. Adapun untuk proses analisis data kualitatif dalam penelitian ini menggunakan analisis data yang dikemukakan Miles dan Huberman yaitu aktivitas dalam analisis data kualitatif secara interaktif dan berlangsung secara terus-menerus sampai tuntas, sehingga datanya sudah jenuh. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa pengembangan peraturan kelas yang diterapkan oleh kelas IV A MIN Yogyakarta I secara umum mampu mengatasi perilaku menyimpang siswa dan berkontribusi terhadap prestasi hasil belajar siswa.
Kata Kunci: Peraturan Kelas, Perilaku Menyimpang, Pembelajaran Tematik Terpadu
Balancing Memory and Material at the Lower East Side Tenement Museum
Authors: Berlinger Gabrielle A.
Published: January 2018

Abstract: Founded in a nationally landmarked apartment building on the ever-gentrifying Lower East Side of Manhattan, New York, the Lower East Side Tenement Museum is an historic site of immigrant social history and material culture. Constructed in 1864 and occupied by over 7,000 immigrants until its closing in 1935, this building has withstood constantly rising visitorship each year since its opening as a museum in 1988. With apartment spaces restored for the public to explore without roped-off restriction, this time capsule of domestic immigrant life requires continual maintenance to preserve its historic physical fabric. Through interviews with the Museum staff and the Preservation Advisory Committee (conservators, architectural historians, curators), as well as documentation of technical processes carried out in the preservation process, this ethnographic study investigates the questions and compromises that arise in the preservation of the tangible and intangible heritage contained within an historic structure in constant use. Which narratives are reconstructed through the Museum’s decisions to restore certain material features of the building while allowing others to decay? What are best practices for interpretation and preservation when a museum’s success results in the gradual destruction of its main artifact (the building) through use? This study explores the intersection of museum mission and practice, heritage construction, and historic preservation at a site both sustained and destroyed by its increasing success.
Preference Dimensions of the Estonian Opera-Consumer: A Comparison of the Audiences at Opera Houses and Mediated Opera Performances
Authors: Lani Silja
Published: January 2018

This article presents the results of a study in which the Estonian audiences of various stage versions of the same opera (live opera theatre performance and live-in-HD, which were shown at cinemas) during the same season were compared in a social constructivist paradigm to underline whether, and to what extent, audiences’ membership, cultural consumption preferences, attitudes, expectations, values and perceptions differ or coincide, thereby revealing what audiences distinguish as the differences or similarities between live and mediated opera performances. It presents the preference dimensions of the Estonian opera audience and provides an opportunity to discuss the issue of whether a technologically mediated cultural event offers any new opportunities for traditional opera to expand its audience, or whether it captures the audiences and creates competition for the theatres whose performances are not mediated. The survey was carried out among audiences attending performances of Carmen (Georges Bizet, 1875) in the 2014/2015 season at five different venues in Estonia. The findings revealed that, due to the fact that the hierarchy of motivators for the target groups of live and live-in-HD opera differs, it does not support the idea that opera theatre will gain new audiences from cinema or vice versa.
Digital Transformation and Its Influence on GDP
Authors: Mićić Ljubiša
Published: January 2018

Digital transformation as integration of digital technology into business results in fundamental changes of way world does business, communicate and develops on national and international level. There is increase of high-tech public spending which is connected with increase of need for high-tech as well as importance and benefits that it brings to development of economy. This so called digital or high-tech sector is one of the strategic sectors in the leading world economies, starting from the US and the European Union. EU recognized it in strategic document “Europe 2020” which sees this sector as key factor in smart growth based on tech knowledge and innovation. Europe, especially western and northern Europe, is trying to keep its competitiveness in global tech arena with USA and fast developing countries such as China and India as well as Asian tech giants such are Japan, South Korea and Singapore. There is increase of European countries investment in digital transformation through private and public ICT sector development which usually has positive impact on economic growth as well as key indicators such are GDP, productivity and employment. This paper provides basic review of digital transformation and high-tech sector in Europe as well as comparison between EU and Western Balkan countries. Additionally, there is analysis of influence of ICT spending on GDP growth. Paper could serve as basic for further research in area of influence of tech investment on key macroeconomics indicators.
Parametric Mathematical Modelling of Cristal Violet Dye Electrochemical Oxidation Using a Flow Electrochemical Reactor with BDD and DSA Anodes in Sulfate Media
Authors: Rivera Fernando F. , Rodríguez Francisca A. , Rivero Eligio P. , Cruz-Díaz Martín R.
Published: January 2018

An important issue in electrochemical oxidations of pollutant compounds, like organic dyes, is identifying a suitable correlation between operational conditions and electrochemical process performance. In such sense, this work deals with the parametric modelling of direct electrochemical incineration of crystal violet (CV) dye in a FM01-LC flow electrochemical reactor with a plastic spacer configuration using boron doped diamond (BDD) and dimensionally stable (IrO2and IrO2-SnO2-Sb2O5) anode plates. Mathematical model takes into account the fluid dynamics effects by the use of FM01-LC reactor considering mass transport rate of organic compound (R) from bulk solution to electrode surface, characterized by a dispersion coefficient and Pe number. The effect of strong oxidants produced in the electrode surface can be neglected since the characteristic time constant reaction of pollutants with such oxidants is lower than those describing the diffusion of organic compound to the electrode surface. Model parameters were estimated throughout a fitting method of the experimental data. The model proposed here predicted a 99.7 removal percentage of CV with boron doped diamond and IrO2-SnO2-Sb2O5anodes obtained experimentally, meanwhile a 79 % removal with the IrO2anode was reached at Re = 2204 during an electrolysis time of 7200 s for both cases. In the case of IrO2anodes, complex interactions between hydroxyl-radical and electrode surface provokes an intermediate kinetic process, with an effectiveness factor of 0.59. When BDD and IrO2-SnO2-Sb2O5anodes were used, the removal process mediated by hydroxyl-radicals absorbed in electrode surface was fully limited by mass transport.