bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Uncovering the Differences in Flavour Volatiles from Hybrid and Conventional Foxtail Millet Varieties Based on Gas Chromatography–Ion Migration Spectrometry and Chemometrics
Authors: Yue Zhongxiao , Zhang Ruidong , Feng Naihong , Yuan Xiangyang
Published: February 2025

The flavour of foxtail millet (Setaria italica (L.) P. Beauv.) is an important indicator for evaluating the quality of the millet. The volatile components in steamed millet porridge samples were analysed using electronic nose (E-Nose) and gas chromatography–ion mobility spectrometry (GC-IMS) techniques, and characteristic volatile fingerprints were constructed to clarify the differences in the main flavour substances in different foxtail millet varieties (two hybrids and two conventional foxtail millets). After sensory evaluation by judges, Jingu 21 (JG) scored significantly higher than the other varieties, and the others were, in order, Jinmiao K1 (JM), Changzagu 466 (CZ) and Zhangzagu 3 (ZZ). E-Nose analysis showed differences in sulphides and terpenoids, nitrogen oxides, organosulphides and aromatic compounds in different varieties of millet porridge. A total of 59 volatile components were determined by GC-IMS in the four varieties of millet porridge, including 23 aldehydes, 17 alcohols, 9 ketones, 4 esters, 2 acids, 3 furans and 1 pyrazine. Comparative analyses of the volatile components in JG, JM, ZZ and CZ revealed that the contents of octanal, nonanal and 3-methyl-2-butenal were higher in JG; the contents of trans-2-butenal, 2-methyl-1-propanol, trans-2-heptenal and trans-2-pentenal were higher in JM; and the contents of 2-octanone, hexanol, 1-octen-3-ol, 2-pentanone and butyraldehyde were higher in ZZ. The contents of 2-butanol, propionic acid and acetic acid were higher in CZ. A prediction model with good stability was established by orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA), and 25 potential characteristic markers (VIP > 1) were screened out from 59 volatile organic compounds (VOCs). These volatile components can be used to distinguish the different varieties of millet porridge samples. Moreover, we found conventional foxtail millet contained more aldehydes than the hybridised foxtail millet; especially decanal, 1-nonanal-D, heptanal-D, 1-octanal-M, 1-octanal-D and 1-nonanal-M were significantly higher in JG than in the other varieties. These results indicate that the E-Nose combined with GC-IMS can be used to characterise the flavour volatiles of different foxtail millet, and the results of this study may provide some information for future understanding of the aroma characteristics of foxtail millet and the genetic improvement of hybrid grains.
Nanomaterials in Agriculture: A Pathway to Enhanced Plant Growth and Abiotic Stress Resistance
Authors: Zaman Wajid , Ayaz Asma , Park SeonJoo
Published: February 2025

Nanotechnology has emerged as a transformative field in agriculture, offering innovative solutions to enhance plant growth and resilience against abiotic stresses. This review explores the diverse applications of nanomaterials in agriculture, focusing on their role in promoting plant development and improving tolerance to drought, salinity, heavy metals, and temperature fluctuations. The method classifies nanomaterials commonly employed in plant sciences and examines their unique physicochemical properties that facilitate interactions with plants. Key mechanisms of nanomaterial uptake, transport, and influence on plants at the cellular and molecular levels are outlined, emphasizing their effects on nutrient absorption, photosynthetic efficiency, and overall biomass production. The molecular basis of stress tolerance is examined, highlighting nanomaterial-induced regulation of reactive oxygen species, antioxidant activity, gene expression, and hormonal balance. Furthermore, this review addresses the environmental and health implications of nanomaterials, emphasizing sustainable and eco-friendly approaches to mitigate potential risks. The integration of nanotechnology with precision agriculture and smart technologies promises to revolutionize agricultural practices. This review provides valuable insights into the future directions of nanomaterial R&D, paving the way for a more resilient and sustainable agricultural system.
MicroRNA-Mediated Post-Transcriptional Regulation of Enzymes Involved in Herbicide Resistance in Echinochloa oryzicola (Vasinger) Vasinger
Authors: Cusaro Carlo Maria , Capelli Enrica , Picco Anna Maria , Guarise Marta , Gozio Enrico , Zarpellon Pietro , Brusoni Maura
Published: February 2025

Herbicide resistance is an emerging phytosanitary threat, causing serious yield and economic losses. Although this phenomenon has been widely studied, only recently has the role of epigenetic factors in its occurrence been considered. In the present study, we analyzed the microRNA-mediated regulation in Echinochloa oryzicola (Vasinger) Vasinger (late-watergrass) of the expression of cytochromes P450, glutathione S-transferase (GST), and eIF4B, all of which are enzymes involved in profoxydim (AURA®) detoxification. Before and after profoxydim application, the expression profiles of microRNAs (miRNAs) were selected for their ability to target the genes considered, and their targets were assessed by means of RT-qPCR. Susceptible and resistant biotypes showed different responses to this herbicide. After profoxydim application, in resistant biotypes, osa-miR2099-5p, ath-miR396b, osa-miR395f, osa-miR396a-5p, osa-miR166a-5p, osa-miR166d-5p, gra-miR8759, and gma-miR396f were not triggered, allowing the expression of CYP81A, GSTF1, and eIF4B genes and the herbicide’s detoxification. Meanwhile, the transcription of ata-miR166c-5p, ath-miR847, osa-miR5538, and gra-miR7487c was triggered, down-regulating CYP71AK2, CYP72A254, CYP72A122, and EcGST expression. In susceptible biotypes, the herbicide stimulated ata-miR166c-5p, ath-miR847, osa-miR5538, gra-miR7487c, osa-miR166a-5p, and gra-miR8759, down-regulating their respective target genes (CYP72A122, CYP71AK2, EcGST, CYP72A254, CYP81A12, and eIF4B). A better understanding of the role of miRNA-mediated epigenetic regulation in herbicide resistance will be useful in planning more targeted and sustainable methods for controlling this phytosanitary threat.
Comparative Evaluation of Shear Bond Strength of Aesthetic Orthodontic Brackets Bonded to Aged Composite Restorative Resin Materials
Authors: Sayed Mohammed E.
Published: February 2025

Patient demands for aesthetic orthodontic brackets (OBs) has increased since orthodontic treatments are of long duration. Clinicians encounter old composite restorations frequently, against which OBs need to be bonded. This study aims to determine the shear bond strength (SBS) of two aesthetic OBs (ceramic and resin) against aged composite resins (flowable and packable) after standard surface treatment. A total of 96 disk-shaped specimens of two aged (A) composite resins [flowable (F) and packable (P)] were divided into eight groups, using ceramic (C) and plastic (P) brackets, out of which four subgroups served as the control [non-aged (N)FC, NPC, NFR, NPR] and four as experimental [AFC, APC, AFR, APR]. Surface treatment included mechanical [air abrasion] and chemical [Assure Plus and Transbond XT]. After 24 h of storage, the specimens were tested for SBS and observed for failure mode using adhesive remnant index scores. Mean values of SBS in each subgroup were analyzed statistically using a one-way analysis of variance test and Tukey post hoc test. All probability ‘p’ differences were significant at a value of 0.05 and less. All aged composite resin subgroups had decreased bond strength than controls, with all subgroups bonded with plastic brackets having the least bond strengths that were clinically nonacceptable [≤7 to 10 MPa]. Flowable composites when bonded with either ceramic or plastic brackets had higher strength than packable composites. Ceramic brackets had higher SBS than plastic brackets for both flowable and packable composites. Significant differences in bond strength were observed among subgroups of plastic brackets. Ceramic brackets were associated with a higher residue of adhesives on the composite surface. Aged composite resins exhibit significantly lower SBS than fresh composites, with ceramic brackets and flowable composites producing better bond strength values than plastic brackets and packable composites.
Biomimetic Prussian Blue Sensor for Ultrasensitive Direct Detection of Myoglobin
Authors: Ricardo Jacinta , Duarte Abel , Chiussi Stefano , Martins Gabriela V. , Moreira Felismina T. C.
Published: February 2025

This research presents a novel, cost-effective, and scalable approach for the direct detection of myoglobin (Myo) in point-of-care (PoC) applications. In this strategy, redox-active Prussian Blue nanocubes (PBNCs) are applied to a disposable platinum screen-printed electrode (Pt-SPE). Subsequently, a biomimetic sensing layer is generated by electropolymerization of ortho-phenylenediamine (o-PD) in the presence of Myo, which forms molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) sites by cyclic voltammetry (CV). The electropolymerization process takes place in a potential range of −0.2 V to +0.8 V, for five cycles at a scan rate of 50 mV/s, in a 10 mmol/L o-PD solution. After polymerization, the electrode is incubated in trypsin for 2 h to create Myo-specifically imprinted cavities. The structural and morphological properties of the biomimetic layer were analyzed by Raman spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The direct detection of Myo was analyzed by differential pulse voltammetry (DPV). The results showed a linear response to Myo concentrations ranging from 1.0 ag/mL to 10 ng/mL, a limit of detection (LOD) of 0.76 ag/mL, and a R2 value of 0.9775. The absence of an external liquid redox probe simplifies the sensor design, improves portability, and reduces the complexity of the assay, making it more suitable for PoC.
Synergistic Effects of Hybrid Bio-Fillers and Modified Natural Rubber on Natural Rubber Composite Properties
Authors: Inphonlek Supharat , Bureewong Namthip , Kotchapradit Supawat , Ruksakulpiwat Yupaporn , Ruksakulpiwat Chaiwat
Published: February 2025

This work aims to investigate the synergistic effects of hybrid bio-fillers and compatibilizers on the properties of natural rubber composites. Rice husk silica (RSi) and hydroxyapatite (HA), derived from rice husk ash and seabass fish scales, respectively, were successfully prepared and used as bio-fillers. Poly(acrylic acid-co-acrylamide)-grafted deproteinized natural rubber (gDPNR) was synthesized via emulsion graft copolymerization, achieving a grafting efficiency and grafting percentage of 15.94 and 4.23%, respectively. The gDPNR was utilized as a compatibilizer in the preparation of natural rubber composites. The addition of hybrid bio-fillers at an RSi-to-HA ratio of 25:75 exhibited superior mechanical properties compared to composites containing a single filler. The incorporation of gDPNR improved filler dispersion and interfacial adhesion between the NR matrix and the bio-fillers, further enhancing the mechanical, thermal, and dielectric properties. The composite with hybrid bio-fillers and 10 phr of gDPNR exhibited the highest tensile strength, showing a 2.10-fold and 1.06-fold improvement over neat natural rubber composite and hybrid filler composite without compatibilizer, respectively. The presence of polar functional groups in gDPNR enhanced the dielectric constant of the natural rubber composites. These composites could have potential in sustainable industrial applications, including flexible electronics and eco-friendly devices.
Automation of Thermal History Analysis in Steels to Define Decision-Making Guidelines—Part I: Prototype in Development
Authors: Téllez-Martínez Jorge Sergio , Pintor-Estrada Abel Alberto , Vega-Flores María Yaneth , Sánchez-Hernández Miriam Zulma , González-Juárez Julio César , Vergara-Hernández Héctor Javier
Published: February 2025

Innovation through applied research is a valuable component of decision-making, as it alters process parameters and conditions that can be detected by special devices at high speed. In the case of materials such as steel, the thermal field analysis while a component is being heat treated is essential for controlling the evolution of its microstructure and its state of internal stresses. The mathematical models proposed in the observation of the behavior of this material can be consolidated by being implemented in computational systems that can be validated with physical measurements and, once a low uncertainty in the state predictions is acquired, established as management tools. In this sense, the recording of thermal histories represents a fundamental methodology to achieve the objective of diagnosing the result of handling the material. In this regard, it is proposed to implement automated testing devices that implement computer systems for recording, processing, calculating, estimating and transferring data to transform production lines’ efficiency by optimizing or canceling continuity. A prototype for measuring thermal histories with a degree of reproducibility and mitigation of systematic errors is presented as a utility model for analyzing the thermal processing of steels.
Numerical Study on Flow Characteristics of Spiral Channel with Coiled Wire
Authors: Zhang Yinxing , Jiang Jiahang , Fu Shengwei , Liu Jialei , Liu Xiaoya , Feng Li , Li Ang , Liu Pengfei , Chen Yuqing , Cai Qi
Published: February 2025

This paper aims to investigate the flow characteristics of the primary side fluid in a casing once-through steam generator (COTSG) under vertical conditions, providing theoretical support for its design in nuclear power plants. The study employs the three-dimensional CFD software STAR-CCM+, utilizing the Reynolds stress transport turbulent model for numerical simulations, and presents a method for determining the fully developed section of the heat transfer channel based on dimensionless velocity overlap analysis (entrance length L∗ = 80 De). Through analysis, the frictional resistance characteristic curve of the spiral channel with coiled wire is divided into three regions: laminar region, transition region, and turbulent region. Over a Reynolds number range of 1000–30,000 and heat transfer powers of 1–30 kW, an expression between the frictional resistance coefficient and the Reynolds number for the spiral channel with coiled wire is established, achieving a prediction error within ±10% through a kinematic viscosity correction factor (ct) accounting for heat transfer effects. This paper conducts a detailed study of the fully developed fluid in the spiral channel with coiled wire, revealing significant axial variations in the frictional resistance coefficient and identifying distinct velocity distribution patterns in different flow regimes (maximum velocity in central sub-channels for laminar/transition regions vs. boundary sub-channels for turbulent regions). The critical Reynolds number for laminar-to-turbulent transition increases with higher heat transfer powers, demonstrating the stabilizing effect of enhanced cooling on flow regimes. These findings provide quantitative criteria for optimizing heat exchanger design under vertical operating conditions with varying thermal loads.
Supply Chain Model for Mini Wind Power Systems in Urban Areas
Authors: Zazueta Isvia , Valenzuela Edgar , Lambert Alejandro , Ayala José R. , Garcia Rodny
Published: February 2025

The pursuit of energy security has become one of the most important challenges facing modern societies worldwide. The increase in energy consumption and the need to promote sustainability puts pressure on power generation systems. In this context, renewable energy sources have become a favorable option to improve both energy security and sustainability while promoting the use of domestic energy sources. The supply chain is an optimized methodology that includes all necessary activities to bring a product to the final consumer. Traditionally applied in the manufacturing industry, recent evidence shows its successful implementation in various renewable energy sectors. In this work, a novel methodology based on a supply chain was designed to evaluate the feasibility of mini wind power systems in urban areas in an integrated and measurable manner. The main contribution lies in the integration of several different approaches, currently recognized as the most relevant factors for determining the viability of wind energy projects. A five-link supply chain model was proposed, which includes an evaluation of wind potential, supplier network, project technical assessment, customer distribution, and equipment final disposal. Specific metric indicators for each link were developed to evaluate technical, legislative, and social considerations. The methodology was applied in a case study in the city of Mexicali, Mexico. The findings show that although wind as a resource remains the most important factor, local government policies that promote the use of renewable energy, the supplier’s availability, qualified human resources, and spare parts are also of equivalent significance for the successful implementation of mini wind power systems.
Wearable Sensors for Ensuring Sports Safety in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Comprehensive Review
Authors: Arbili Ofir , Rokach Lior , Cohen Seffi
Published: February 2025

Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) often face unique risks during sports activities due to challenges such as motor coordination difficulties, sensory sensitivities, and communication impairments. This paper provides a comprehensive review of the use of wearable sensor technologies to enhance the safety and participation of children with ASD in sports. Utilizing a systematic approach, we analyze 144 papers identified through advanced search methodology. Our findings reveal that wearable sensors can monitor physiological signals like heart rate variability and electrodermal activity and biomechanical signals such as movement patterns to detect early signs of distress, anxiety, or potential injury. The integration of these technologies into sports settings for children with ASD presents significant potential for improving safety, reducing participation barriers, and enhancing overall well-being. Key findings indicate that while the application of wearable sensors in this context is still emerging, early results are promising. However, challenges remain regarding device usability, data privacy, and the need for further research to validate the effectiveness of these technologies in real-world sports environments. This review highlights the importance of interdisciplinary collaboration among researchers, technology developers, educators, and caregivers to develop and implement wearable sensor solutions that are tailored to the unique needs of children with ASD, thereby promoting safer and more inclusive sports participation.
Preparation of MnOx/CC Electrode by One-Step Electrodeposition for Electrochemical Detection of Cd2+ in Water
Authors: Yin Jun , Huang Haiyang , Zhao Cong , Zhu Haoyu , Suo Hui , He Dong , Zhao Chun
Published: February 2025

Transition metal oxides (e.g., MnOx) can effectively promote the redox reactions of heavy metal ions through abundant valence changes. However, relatively few studies have been conducted on the application of MnOx for the detection of Cd2+ without pre-enrichment conditions. For this reason, in this study, MnOx was grown in situ on a carbon cloth substrate by one-step electrodeposition. The effect of the valence composition of MnOx and its variation on the Cd2+ without pre-enrichment detection performance was systematically investigated. The morphology, structure, and chemical composition of the materials were fully characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The results show that the deposition of MnOx not only significantly increased the active surface area of the electrodes but also facilitated electron transfer through the valence transition of Mn2+/Mn3+↔Mn3+/Mn4+. The detection of Cd2+ in water samples can be successfully achieved without pre-enrichment, and the electrode has good stability and reproducibility. This study provides a new design idea for applying MnOx electrodes in Cd2+ detection without pre-enrichment and provides a reference for further optimization of electrochemical sensors.
A Semi-Supervised Domain Adaptation Method for Sim2Real Object Detection in Autonomous Mining Trucks
Authors: Guo Lunfeng , Guo Yinan , Liu Jiayin , Zhang Yizhe , Song Zhe , Zhang Xuedong , Liu Huajie
Published: February 2025

In open-pit mining, autonomous trucks are essential for enhancing both safety and productivity. Object detection technology is critical to their smooth and secure operation, but training these models requires large amounts of high-quality annotated data representing various conditions. It is expensive and time-consuming to collect these data during open-pit mining due to the harsh environmental conditions. Simulation engines have emerged as an effective alternative, generating diverse labeled data to augment real-world datasets. However, discrepancies between simulated and real-world environments, often referred to as the Sim2Real domain shift, reduce model performance. This study addresses these challenges by presenting a novel semi-supervised domain adaptation for object detection (SSDA-OD) framework named Adamix, which is designed to reduce domain shift, enhance object detection, and minimize labeling costs. Adamix builds on a mean teacher architecture and introduces two key modules: progressive intermediate domain construction (PIDC) and warm-start adaptive pseudo-label (WSAPL). PIDC builds intermediate domains using a mixup strategy to reduce source domain bias and prevent overfitting, while WSAPL provides adaptive thresholds for pseudo-labeling, mitigating false and missed detections during training. When evaluated in a Sim2Real scenario, Adamix shows superior domain adaptation performance, achieving a higher mean average precision (mAP) compared with state-of-the-art methods, with 50% less labeled data required, achieved through active learning. The results demonstrate that Adamix significantly reduces dependence on costly real-world data collection, offering a more efficient solution for object detection in challenging open-pit mining environments.
A Critical Review of the Advances and Current Status of the Application of Adsorption in the Remediation of Micropollutants and Dyes Through the Use of Emerging Bio-Based Nanocomposites
Authors: Georgin Jordana , Ramos Claudete Gindri , de Oliveira Jivago Schumacher , Dehmani Younes , El Messaoudi Noureddine , Meili Lucas , Franco Dison S. P.
Published: February 2025

The demand for drinking water is a reality that plagues modern society and will worsen in the coming decades. Factors such as climate change, population growth, and intense, often disorderly urbanization are expected to limit the availability of this essential resource for life. With this justification, several technologies involving water remediation/purification have been improved to increase energy efficiency. One key approach involves the use of residual biomass derived from biological sources as adsorbents with valuable properties. This line of research supports waste management, and the materials are easily obtainable, especially on a large scale, with low costs and negligible secondary environmental impacts. In the early 2000s, it was demonstrated that these materials possess functional groups (amino, hydroxyl, and carboxyl) that are favorable for attracting certain pollutants that are present in wastewater. Generally, the unmodified precursor material has properties that are not favorable for adsorption, such as limited adsorption capacity, low mechanical resistance, and unstable surface chemistry. Therefore, there has been a strong investment in studies aimed at developing methodologies to produce bio-based materials with high properties supported by mathematical models aimed at water purification. This critical review describes the modifications, functionalization, and production of bio-based materials aimed at remediating wastewater via the adsorption process. Their use involves the elimination of organic pollutants, water/oil separation, the removal of micropollutants, and membrane filtration. The properties of bio-based materials from biopolymers and their synthesis methodologies are analyzed, with a focus on water remediation. Finally, the challenges and future perspectives are highlighted, highlighting the relevance of this group of adsorbents in minimizing the challenges and limitations present in the field of water purification and providing new, innovative solutions.
A Multi-Dimensional Assessment of Pocket Park Landscapes: Insights from Scenic Beauty Estimation and Analytic Hierarchy Process in Dadukou District, Chongqing
Authors: Peng Xinyi , Mohamed Afla Mohamad Reza
Published: February 2025

Pocket parks are small green spaces that significantly enhance urban livability, particularly in densely populated cities. To leverage this advantage, Chongqing has committed to establishing 100 pocket parks by 2024. This study assesses the landscape quality of six pocket parks in Chongqing’s Dadukou District, employing Scenic Beauty Estimation (SBE) and Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP). The results of the SBE method identify four main factors—spatial hierarchy, plant diversity, landscape harmony, and color richness—that show a strong correlation with scenic beauty (R = 0.947, R2 = 0.897). AHP analysis reveals that landscape function is the dominant criterion, accounting for 66.86% of the total weight, with ecological function and service function contributing 21.44% and 8.82%, respectively. Notably, plant color richness emerges as the most significant factor, with a comprehensive weight of 0.1509, emphasizing its critical role in enhancing visual appeal. Based on these findings, this study recommends increasing plant diversity, optimizing color design to improve visual appeal, and implementing sustainable, low-maintenance strategies. This research integrates both quantitative and qualitative approaches, offering strategies to refine pocket park designs and establish a framework to enhance green spaces in densely populated urban areas, not only in China but potentially globally, promoting environmental sustainability and user satisfaction.
Increasing Selin Co Lake Area in the Tibet Plateau with Its Moisture Cycle
Authors: Wang Gang , Feng Anlan , Xu Lei , Zhang Qiang , Song Wenlong , Singh Vijay P. , Wu Wenhuan , Zhang Kaiwen , Sun Shuai
Published: February 2025

Lake areas across the Tibet Plateau have been taken as the major indicator of water resources changes. However, drivers behind spatiotemporal variations of lake areas over the Tibet Plateau have remained obscure. Selin Co Lake is the largest lake in the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau. Here, we delineate the Selin Co Lake area changes during the period of 1988–2023 based on Landsat remote sensing data. We also delved into causes behind the Selin Co Lake area changes from perspectives of glacier changes and tracing water vapor sources. We identified the persistently increasing lake area of Selin Co Lake. The Selin Co Lake area reached 2462.59 km2 in 2023. We delineated the basin of Selin Co Lake and found a generally decreasing tendency of the main glaciers within the Selin Co basin. Specifically, the loss in the Geladandong Glacier area is 17.39 km2 in total and the loss in the Jiagang Glacier area is 76.42 km2. We found that the melting glaciers and precipitation within the Selin Co basin are the prime drivers behind the increasing the Selin Co Lake area. In the Selin Co basin, approximately 89.12% of the evaporation source of precipitation is propagated external to the Selin Co basin by the westerlies and the Indian monsoon. The internal hydrological circulation rate is 10.88%, while 30.61% of the moisture transportation is sourced from the ocean, and 69.39% is from the continental land. The moisture transportation from the ocean evaporation shows a significant increasing trend, which may contribute to the continued expansion of the Selin Co Lake area.
Optimizing Qatar’s Food Import Resilience: A Multi-Objective Framework Integrating Water Requirement Variability for Key Crops
Authors: Hassna Bashar , Mahmood Farhat , Namany Sarah , Elomri Adel , Al-Ansari Tareq
Published: February 2025

Global food supply chains face mounting vulnerabilities due to climate change and environmental variability, with particularly severe implications for import-dependent nations like Qatar, where over 90% of food supplies rely on international trade. This high import dependency creates unique challenges, including supply disruptions, price volatility, and food security risks, especially as climate variability increasingly affects major food-exporting regions. This study develops a multi-objective optimization framework to enhance the resilience of Qatar’s food import system by integrating economic, environmental, and crop water requirement considerations, modeled as a stochastic variable. The framework addresses both average performance and worst-case scenarios using stochastic and robust optimization approaches, evaluating trade partners for three key crops—tomatoes, onions, and cucumbers. Results identify optimal suppliers that minimize costs, environmental emissions, and water usage variability, with Turkey contributing 42.10% of total imports, Iran 13.76%, and the Netherlands 9.52%. The findings demonstrate that a diversified import strategy significantly reduces vulnerability to climate-induced disruptions and improves supply chain stability. This research provides actionable insights for policymakers, including; (1) optimal supplier diversification targets to balance risk and efficiency, (2) specific trade partner recommendations based on multiple sustainability criteria, and (3) quantitative frameworks for assessing import portfolio resilience.
Characteristics and Relevance of Reduced Inorganic Sulphur Forms and Heavy Metal Elements in Surface Sediments of the Dongzhai Harbour Mangrove Wetland
Authors: Li Xiaohui , Li Tianning , Rao Wenbo , Mao Changping
Published: February 2025

The mangrove wetland of the Dongzhai Harbour, located in northeastern Hainan, is of high ecological value. However, environmental pollution brought by the current rapid economic development, especially the pollution of heavy metals and reduced inorganic sulphur, puts the ecological environment of this region at risk. As the main carrier of these two kinds of pollution, sediments are deeply involved in their biogeochemical cycles. Therefore, in this study, surface sediments of mangrove wetlands in the Dongzhai Harbour were collected, and their concentration characteristics and sources of reductive inorganic sulphur (RIS) forms and heavy metals were investigated. The average RIS concentrations of the sediments in the study area were about 22.31 μmol/g, among which acid volatile sulphide (AVS) had the highest weight (ave. 10.01 μmol/g), followed by chromium (II)-reducible sulphur (CRS) with the average concentrations of 8.46 μmol/g, and elemental sulphur (ES) (3.84 μmol/g), which had the lowest concentration. The spatial distributions of different RIS forms were differentiated, reflecting the diversity of environments in the study area. Correlation analyses showed that the RIS forms, such as AVS and CRS, were mainly enriched in clay-sized sediments with p < 0.05. Compared to other areas of the world, the present study area was less contaminated by RIS. Ratio calculation revealed that the reducing environment in the study area limited the conversion of AVS to CRS in the sediments. Among the heavy metals, Cr (70.03 mg/kg) was the most abundant, followed by Zn, Pb, and Ni with an average of >20 mg/kg, while other elements such as As, Cd, Cu, Hg, and Co were found to be low (<18 mg/kg). Correlation analyses revealed that clay-sized sediments significantly constrained Ni, Zn, and Co and could effectively bind to AVS (p < 0.05). Based on cluster analysis, it was found that agricultural activities, mariculture, and transport mainly influenced heavy metals and RIS of sediments in the study area. The study helps understand the pollutant cycle in shelf wetland sediments and provides practical guidance for the sustainable development of ecosystems. In the future, it is recommended that reasonable control of pollution emissions be implemented in relevant areas.
Sustainable Development of Teamwork at the Organizational Level—Case Study of Slovakia
Authors: Holubčík Martin , Soviar Jakub , Rechtorík Miroslav , Höhrová Paula
Published: February 2025

This research focused on the organizational level of teamwork in companies in the Slovak Republic. The study helped to reveal the possibilities of sustainable management of team cooperation. Utilizing a mixed-methods approach, including quantitative questionnaires and qualitative interviews, the study examined four key areas: (1) team system and work positions in the team, (2) division of tasks in the team and tasks management, (3) team communication (external, internal), and (4) team training activities. The findings reveal a widespread use of teamwork, with a significant proportion of tasks performed by teams and many organizations exhibiting high reliance on teamwork. However, the study also highlights a dominance of traditional management practices, where team formation is primarily driven by capacity constraints, with limited support for organic team emergence. Moreover, management often retains significant control over team decision-making. The research further indicates that many employees lack adequate training in teamwork skills and principles. While teamwork is prevalent, reliance on traditional communication methods, such as face-to-face meetings and phone calls, persists, despite the potential of ICT tools to enhance collaboration. Furthermore, the effective use of ICT tools is hindered by challenges such as incompatibility between different systems and limited data accessibility. These findings underscore the need for organizations to embrace more agile and flexible team structures, invest in comprehensive teamwork training for all employees, leverage ICT tools effectively to improve communication and collaboration, and foster a culture of continuous improvement and feedback within teams. By addressing these areas, organizations can enhance teamwork effectiveness, improve employee engagement, and ultimately achieve better organizational outcomes so that they can implement sustainable approaches for organizing team collaboration.
Joint Prediction of Li-Ion Battery Cycle Life and Knee Point Based on Early Charging Performance
Authors: Cui Xinru , Zhang Jinlong , Zhang Di , Wei Yanjun , Qi Hanhong
Published: February 2025

With the rapid development of lithium-ion batteries, predicting battery life is critical to the safe operation of devices such as electric ships, electric vehicles, and energy storage systems. Given the complexity of the internal aging mechanism of batteries, their aging process exhibits prominent nonlinear characteristics. Knee point, as a distinctive sign of this nonlinear aging process, plays a crucial role in predicting the battery’s lifetime. In this paper, the cycle life and cycle to the knee point of the battery are firstly predicted using the time dimension and space dimension features of the early external characteristics of the battery, respectively. Then, to capture the aging characteristics of batteries more comprehensively, we innovatively propose a joint prediction method of battery cycle life and knee point. Knee point features are incorporated into the battery cycle life prediction model in this method to fully account for the nonlinear aging characteristics of batteries. The experimental validation results show that the TECAN model, which combines time series features and knee point information, performs well, with a root mean square error (RMSE) of 106 cycles and a mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) of only 12%.
Symmetry Breaking in Fractional Difference Chaotic Equations and Their Control
Authors: Diabi Louiza , Ouannas Adel , Grassi Giuseppe , Momani Shaher
Published: February 2025

This manuscript presents new fractional difference equations; we investigate their behaviors in-depth in commensurate and incommensurate order cases. The work exploits a range of numerical approaches involving bifurcation, the Maximum Lyapunov exponent (LEm), and the visualization of phase portraits and also uses the C0 complexity algorithm and the approximation entropy ApEn to evaluate the intricacy and verify the chaotic features. Thus, the outcomes indicate that the suggested fractional-order map can display a variety of hidden attractors and symmetry breaking if it has no fixed points. Additionally, nonlinear controllers are offered to stabilize the fractional difference equations. As a result, the study highlights how the map’s sensitivity to the fractional derivative parameters produces different dynamics. Lastly, simulations using MATLAB R2024b are run to validate the results.
A Systematic Survey of Distributed Decision Support Systems in Healthcare
Authors: Almadani Basem , Kaisar Hunain , Thoker Irfan Rashid , Aliyu Farouq
Published: February 2025

The global Internet of Medical Things (IoMT) market is growing at a Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) of 17.8%, a testament to the increasing demand for IoMT in the health sector. However, more IoMT devices mean an increase in the volume and velocity of data received by healthcare decision-makers, leading many to develop Distributed Decision Support Systems (DDSSs) to help them make accurate and timely decisions. This research is a systematic review of DDSSs in healthcare using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) framework. The study explores how advanced technologies such as Artificial Intelligence (AI), IoMT, and blockchain enhance clinical decision-making processes. It highlights key innovations in DDSSs, including hybrid imaging techniques for comprehensive disease characterization. It also examines the role of Case-Based Reasoning (CBR) frameworks in improving personalized treatment strategies for chronic diseases like diabetes mellitus. It also presents challenges of applying DDSSs in the healthcare sector, such as security and privacy, system integration, and interoperability issues. Finally, it discusses open issues as future research directions in the field of DDSSs in the healthcare sector, including data structure standardization, alert fatigue for healthcare workers using DDSSs, and the lack of adherence of emerging technologies like blockchain to medical regulations.
A Text Data Mining-Based Digital Transformation Opinion Thematic System for Online Social Media Platforms
Authors: Liao Haihan , Wang Chengmin , Gu Yanzhang , Liu Renhuai
Published: February 2025

Digital transformation (DT) has become an important engine for the development of the digital economy and an important means of reshaping corporate culture, business processes, management models, and so on. Different social communities at different levels have different needs and understandings of digital transformation. Therefore, this paper proposes to explore the communication themes of digital transformation on social media. This study’s main objective is to uncover underlying thematic structures and core ideas from large amounts of textual data in different social media communities to better understand the significance of the communication themes. This paper also aims to reveal the characteristics of diffusion patterns of DT themes by opinion-themed mining. This study uses text mining and social network analysis methods to mine DT themes, theme structure, and the statistical characteristics of hot words across various online communities. The main findings of this study are as follows. The Huawei forum discusses the technological drivers of the digital economy from a micro level. Sohu News explores business operation strategies at a macro level. The Zhihu forum discusses the elements of digital development at the micro level. Moreover, the hot words’ degree centrality and betweenness centrality across various online communities exhibited a power law distribution. In conclusion, this research paper studies and analyzes DT themes of different social media platforms to discover the opinions and attitudes of various social groups in the digital transformation era and deeply interprets social trends and public opinions in order to provide valuable decision-making theoretical support for managers, enterprises, and governments.
Epidemiological Profile of HPV Genotypes Among Moroccan Women with High-Grade Squamous Lesions and Invasive Cervical Cancer from Souss-Massa Region
Authors: Rogua Hanane , Ferrera Laila , El Mansouri Nezha , Nejmeddine Mohamed , Chouham Said
Published: February 2025

The aim of this study was to investigate the distribution of human papillomavirus (HPV) genotypes among cervical cancer cases in Moroccan women living in the Souss-Massa region. A total of 155 formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded cervical tissue samples were tested for the presence of HPV DNA using a semi-nested PCR assay. HPV genotypes were identified using a direct Sanger sequencing assay. The prevalence of HPV was 85.8%. HPV DNA was found in 87.5% of high squamous intraepithelial lesions (HSIL) cases and 85.7% of invasive cervical cancer (ICC) cases. Ten distinct HPV genotypes were identified, including seven high-risk HPV (HR-HPV) genotypes and three low-risk HPV (LR-HPV) genotypes. Among HR-HPV genotypes, HPV16 was the most prevalent in both HSIL and ICC, detected, respectively, in 42.9% and 55.6% of cases. In ICC cases, HPV18 was the second most common genotype detected, in 10.3% of cases. In addition, HPV31, 33, 35, 45 and 58 were detected in 10.4% of ICC cases. LR-HPV genotypes, namely HPV62, 70 and 87, were detected in 2.4% of ICC cases. Adenocarcinoma (ADC) accounted for 4.1% of ICC cases, with HPV 16 and HPV 18 identified in 60% and 40% of these cases, respectively. Overall, our findings show that the genotypes covered by the bivalent and nonavalent HPV vaccines account, respectively, for 65.4% and 74.6%. These results highlight the importance of introducing HPV vaccination and primary HPV testing for mass screening in Morocco in order to effectively prevent and manage cervical cancer and ultimately save women’s lives.
Active Immunization Using TRPM2 Peptide Vaccine Attenuates Atherosclerotic Progression in a Mouse Model of Atherosclerosis
Authors: Ying Fan , Zhang Yunting , Li Xiao , Meng Zhaoyue , Li Jingxuan , Lo Chun-Yin , Peng Wentao , Tian Xiaoyu , Yao Xiaoqiang
Published: February 2025

Background/Objective: Atherosclerosis is one of the leading causes of cardiovascular diseases and mortality around the world. One exciting strategy for atherosclerosis treatment is immunotherapy, especially active immunization. Active immunization relies on the delivery of antigens in a vaccine platform to introduce humoral and cellular immunity, alleviating atherosclerotic progression. Transient receptor potential channel isoform M2 (TRPM2) is an ROS-activated Ca2+-permeable ion channel that can promote atherosclerosis via stimulating vascular inflammation. In the present study, we developed a strategy of active immunization with the TRPM2 E3 domain peptide in a vaccine platform, aiming to induce the endogenous production of anti-TRPM2 blocking antibody in mice in vivo, consequently inhibiting TRPM2 channel activity to alleviate atherosclerotic progression. Methods: ApoE knockout mice were fed with a high cholesterol diet to develop atherosclerosis. The mice were injected with or without the E3 peptide vaccines, followed by analysis of atherosclerotic lesion by en face Oil Red O staining of the whole aorta and histologic analysis of thin tissue sections from aortic roots. Results: The results show that immunization with a pig TRPM2 E3 region-based peptide (P1) could effectively alleviate high cholesterol diet-induced atherosclerosis in ApoE knockout mice. We worked out the best vaccine formulation for the most effective atheroprotection, namely P1 at the dose of 67.5 µg per mouse (2.5 mg/kg body weight) with aluminum salts as adjuvant. Conclusions: The present study provides a novel target TRPM2 for peptide vaccine-based anti-atherosclerotic strategy and lays the foundation for future preclinical/clinical trials using TRPM2 E3 P1 vaccine for a potential therapeutic option against atherosclerosis.
Predicting Harmful Algal Blooms Using Explainable Deep Learning Models: A Comparative Study
Authors: Demiray Bekir Zahit , Mermer Omer , Baydaroğlu Özlem , Demir Ibrahim
Published: February 2025

Harmful algal blooms (HABs) have emerged as a significant environmental challenge, impacting aquatic ecosystems, drinking water supply systems, and human health due to the combined effects of human activities and climate change. This study investigates the performance of deep learning models, particularly the Transformer model, as there are limited studies exploring its effectiveness in HAB prediction. The chlorophyll-a (Chl-a) concentration, a commonly used indicator of phytoplankton biomass and a proxy for HAB occurrences, is used as the target variable. We consider multiple influencing parameters—including physical, chemical, and biological water quality monitoring data from multiple stations located west of Lake Erie—and employ SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) values as an explainable artificial intelligence (XAI) tool to identify key input features affecting HABs. Our findings highlight the superiority of deep learning models, especially the Transformer, in capturing the complex dynamics of water quality parameters and providing actionable insights for ecological management. The SHAP analysis identifies Particulate Organic Carbon, Particulate Organic Nitrogen, and total phosphorus as critical factors influencing HAB predictions. This study contributes to the development of advanced predictive models for HABs, aiding in early detection and proactive management strategies.
PENGARUH MEDIA CERAMAH POWERPOINT PRESENTATION, BOOKLET DAN AUDIOVISUAL ANIMASI INSTAGRAM TERHADAP PENGETAHUAN DAN SIKAP PENCEGAHAN STUNTING PADA CALON PENGANTIN PEREMPUAN
Authors: Quraisy Cut Cahaya Rani Saifa Alhajd , Probandari Ari , Widyaningsih Vitri
Published: February 2025

Stunting remains a significant issue within society, often worsen by public lack of awareness and misconceptions about children’s growth norms. Many people mistakenly view shorter body proportions as normal, not recognizing the symptoms or impact of stunting preventation, so that overcomes this problem, it is crucial educated to improve knowladge and attitudes of prospective women about stunting prevention through effective educational media. This study employed a quantitative with quasi experimental approachto assess impact of educational media on knowladge and attitudes of prospetive women. This study conducted at Religious Affairs Office of West Aceh Regency. The study included 108 respondents, divided equally into a control group and experimental group. Data were analyzed using the Diffirence in Diffirences (DID) test. Result indicated that experimental group which received stunting preventation education through PPT, booklets, and instagram animated audiovisual media showed a significant in average knowladge (8,46) compared to control group (6,09). Additionaly, experimental group exhibited higher average increase attitudes (20,84) compared to control group (16,85). The DID analysis revealed that while educational media significantly improved knowladge (p=0,018), it did not significantly affect attitudes (p=0,121). This suggest while educational media effectively enhances knowladge,further efforts are needed to foster postive attitudes towards stunting preventation.Therefore, it is recommended that authorities organize targeted educational activities to more effectively shape attitudes and improve stunting preventation among prospective women.