bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Simulation of melt/fluid metasomatism and magma recharge and mixing processes in subduction zones: Evidence from the cognate gabbro and gabbroic diorite in the North Qilian orogen (Northwest China)
Authors: Qi Yu , Yu Shengyao , Gao Xiangyu , Zhang Jianxin , Li Chuanzhi , Peng Yinbiao , Jiang Xiaocong , Wang Lintao , Li Sanzhong , Liu Yongjiang
Published: February 2025

The arc-type characteristics of subducted crustal material incorporated into the mantle are closely related to metasomatism by melts and fluids derived from subducted oceanic crust. However, the specific compositions and proportions of melts and fluids from different end members of oceanic crust that metasomatize the mantle, as well as the subsequent processes of magma ascent, emplacement, and the evolution of mineral crystallization, remain inadequately understood. We conducted a detailed investigation of the major and trace element compositions of clinopyroxene, amphibole, and plagioclase in gabbro and gabbroic diorite from the North Qilian orogen in Northwest China to quantify the mechanisms of melt-fluid metasomatism, reveal the nature of the mafic magmatic arc source, and elucidate the processes of recharge and mixing of cognate magmas. Zircon U-Pb dating results indicate that the mafic intrusions in Zhamashi have emplacement ages of 505−481 Ma. The Sr-Nd isotopic compositions are relatively depleted, with (87Sr/86Sr)i ratios ranging from 0.7047 to 0.7086, and εNd(t) values ranging from 0.62 to 2.63. Trace elements display arc-related characteristics that are closely associated with the subduction of oceanic slab, which suggests that the Zhamashi mafic magmatic rocks originated from a mantle source metasomatized by aqueous fluids and hydrous melts derived from subducted North Qilian oceanic basaltic crust and sediments. Amphibole thermobarometer results indicate that the temperature for magma crystallization ranged from 940 °C to 994 °C, with pressure ranging from 417 MPa to 774 MPa, which corresponds to depths of 17.4 km to 29.5 km. The oxygen fugacity ranged from +1.3 to +1.9. The water content for melt varied from 5.3 wt% to 8.0 wt%, which is indicative of the typical heating and hydrous melting processes associated with contributions from subducting slab-derived fluids and melts. Complex mineral zoning structures and compositional variations record multiple episodes of cognate magma recharge and mixing during magma evolution, providing new insights into the dynamic processes that occur in subduction zone environments. Simulation results suggest that 5%−12% of oceanic crust-derived fluid and 0.5%−1.3% of sediment-derived melt reacted with garnet-phase lherzolite in the mantle wedge to form the metasomatized mantle, followed by 21% partial melting of the mantle source. These findings underscore the significance of melt-fluid metasomatism and multiple episodes of cognate magma recharge for understanding the genesis and diversity of arc magmatic rocks in subduction zones.
Supplemental Material: Fingerprinting subduction margins using principal component analysis profiles: A data science approach to assessing earthquake hazard
Authors: Locher Valerie , al. et
Published: February 2025

Extended explication of (kernel) PCA and supplemental figures. 
Sleep quantity and quality during the first week postinjury and time to symptom resolution in youth with concussion
Authors: VonDeylen Olivia , Alshaikh Enas , Wheeler Krista , Recker Robyn , Malerba Paola , Valasek Amy , Yeates Keith Owen , Yang Jingzhen
Published: February 2025

Objective

To examine bidirectional associations between objective measures of sleep quantity and quality with postconcussion symptoms (PCS) scores in concussed youth during the first week postinjury and to explore the associations between sleep measures and time to symptom resolution.

Study design

We conducted a secondary analysis of a prospectively enrolled cohort of youth (11–17 years) with a physician diagnosed concussion within 72 hours of injury. During the first week postconcussion, sleep quantity (time in bed, total sleep time and daytime sleep) and sleep quality (sleep efficiency, WASO and number of awakenings) were measured using an ActiGraph. We evaluated bidirectional temporal associations between the sleep measures and PCS during the first week postinjury using cross-lagged panel models. We assessed the associations between sleep measures and time to symptom resolution using Cox proportional hazard models.

Results

Participants included 78 concussed youth, 34.6% females, mean age of 14.2 years (SD=2.1). Significant bidirectional associations were observed between PCS and both total sleep time and daytime total sleep in the first week postinjury. Increased daytime sleep was also associated with a decreased likelihood of symptom resolution, adjusted HR (aHR)=0.88, 95% CI=0.78, 0.999. An optimal total sleep time of 418 min per day was associated with a 2.1-fold increased likelihood of symptom resolution (aHR=2.1, 95% CI=1.3, 3.2).

Conclusions

Clinicians should provide guidance on sleep hygiene, including limiting daytime sleep/naps and getting the appropriate amount of nighttime sleep acutely postconcussion to aid recovery in youth.
Early warning and response systems for respiratory disease outbreaks: lessons learnt from cluster-associated cases of acute respiratory illnesses in Gilgil subcounty, Nakuru County, Kenya, 2021
Authors: Ngere Philip , Gharpure Radhika , Mamuti Stella , Munyua Peninah , Njenga M Kariuki , Makayotto Lyndah , Ndegwa Linus , Nakadio Erenius Lochede , Kalani Rosalia , Abade Ahmed , Kiptoo Elizabeth , Rotich Jacob , Cheruiyot Emily , Emukule Gideon O , Osoro Eric , Lidechi Shirley , Herman-Roloff Amy , Arunmozhi Balajee Arunmozhi
Published: February 2025

Investigating acute respiratory illnesses (ARIs) is difficult due to non-specific symptoms, varied health-seeking behaviors, and resource limitations; yet early detection is critical to global health security. Kenya's Ministry of Health (MOH) uses the Integrated Disease Surveillance strategy for public health surveillance, incorporating event-based surveillance (EBS) and indicator-based surveillance (IBS) for early warning system. MOH, supported by the US-CDC, established Influenza Sentinel Surveillance (ISS) in 2006 and later launched community EBS (CEBS) and health facility EBS (HEBS) pilots to enhance surveillance for COVID-19. On March 2, 2021, the CEBS system detected a signal of “Two or more people presenting with similar signs and symptoms in a community within a week” in a county. Investigations launched on March 4, 2021, investigations revealed unreported ARI cases which had been missed by both the ISS and IBS. A total of 176 ARI cases were line-listed with 91/176 (51.7%) aged <5-years and 46/176 (26.1%) hospitalized. RT-PCR tests confirmed 34/79 (43.0%) SARS-CoV-2 and 1/7 (14.3%) A/H3N2 cases. Of the CEBS, HEBS, IBS, and ISS systems deployed by the county to strengthen the early warning for respiratory diseases, CEBS detected a signal of unreported ARIs that facilitated further investigations and response.
Effector T cells under hypoxia have an altered transcriptome similar to tumor-stressed T cells found in non-responsive melanoma patients
Authors: Nagy Mate Z , Plaza-Rojas Lourdes B , Boucher Justin C , Kostenko Elena , Austin Anna L , Tarhini Ahmad A , Chen Zhihua , Du Dongliang , Ojwang' Awino Maureiq E , Davis Joshua , Obermayer Alyssa , Rejniak Katarzyna A , Shaw Timothy I , Guevara-Patino Jose A
Published: February 2025

Background

In the tumor microenvironment (TME), hypoxia stands as a significant factor that modulates immune responses, especially those driven by T cells. As T cell-based therapies often fail to work in solid tumors, this study aims to investigate the effects of hypoxia on T cell topo-distribution in the TME, gene expression association with T cell states, and clinical responses in melanoma.

Methods

To generate detailed information on tumor oxygenation and T cell accessibility, we used mathematical modeling of human melanoma tissue microarrays that incorporate oxygen supply from vessels, intratumoral diffusion, and cellular uptake. We created tumor maps and derived plots showing the fraction of CD4 and CD8 T cells against the distance to the nearest vessel and oxygen pressure. To assess their function and transcriptional changes caused by hypoxia, effector T cells were generated and cultured under hypoxia (0.5% oxygen) or normoxia (21% oxygen). The T cell hypoxia-transcriptional signature was compared against datasets from msigDB, iATLAS (clinical trials of melanoma patients treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs)), ORIEN AVATAR (real-world melanoma patients treated with ICIs), and a single-cell atlas of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes.

Results

We made three specific observations: (1) in melanoma T cells preferentially accumulated in oxygenated areas close to blood vessels (50–100 µm from the vasculature in the regions of high oxygen availability) but not in hypoxic areas far from blood vessels. (2) Our analysis confirmed that under hypoxia, T cell functions were significantly reduced compared with normoxic conditions and accompanied by a unique gene signature. Furthermore, this hypoxic gene signature was prevalent in resting and non-activated T cells. Notably and clinically relevant, the hypoxic T cell gene set was found to correlate with reduced overall survival and reduced progression-free survival in melanoma patients, which was more pronounced in non-responder patients undergoing ICI therapy. (3) Finally, compared with a single-cell atlas of tumor-infiltrating T cells, our hypoxia signature aligned with a population of cells at a state termed stress response state (TSTR).

Conclusions

Our study highlights the critical role of hypoxia in shaping T cell distribution and its correlation with clinical outcomes in melanoma. We revealed a preferential accumulation of T cells in oxygenated areas. Moreover, hypoxic T cells develop a distinct hypoxic gene signature prevalent in resting, non-activated T cells and TSTRthat was also associated with poorer outcomes, particularly pronounced among non-responders to ICIs.
Fc-competent TIGITx4-1BB bispecific antibody exerts potent long-lasting antitumor activity by potentiating CD8+T cell activity and Fcγ receptor-mediated modulation of the tumor microenvironment
Authors: Son Wonjun , Lee Yangsoon , Park Yelim , Park Kyeong-Su , Kim Sora , Youn Hyunseong , Seo Arim , Sung Byungje , Lee Sang Hoon , Won Jonghwa
Published: February 2025

Background

TIGIT was identified as a target immune checkpoint for overcoming resistance to PD-(L)1-blocking antibodies. However, the clinical efficacies of TIGIT antibodies were moderate in monotherapy and mixed in combination with PD-(L)1 antibodies. 4-1BB, a strong inducible costimulatory receptor, is another attractive target in antitumor therapeutics. This study investigated whether ABL112, an Fc-competent bispecific antibody targeting TIGIT and 4-1BB (TIGITx4-1BB), would enhance antitumor activity via Fcγ receptor (FcγR)-mediated macrophage activation and antibody-dependent cell-mediated functions.

Methods

TIGIT-dependent 4-1BB activation and TIGIT-blocking activity were assessed using reporter Jurkat T cell lines expressing 4-1BB and TIGIT, respectively. In vivo antitumor activity was confirmed in h4-1BB knock-in mice. The main immune cell subsets associated with the antitumor activity of ABL112 were identified using antibodies for depleting specific immune cell subtypes or FcγR-blocking antibodies. The effects of a combined pembrolizumab or atezolizumab treatment with ABL112 were assessed in two mouse models with different genetic backgrounds. Statistical analysis was performed using one-way or two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) with Dunnett’s multiple-comparison test or one-way ANOVA with Fisher’s multiple-comparison test.

Results

ABL112 restored T cell activity by blocking TIGIT–CD155 interactions, based on a TIGIT blockade reporter assay. ABL112, an Fc-competent TIGITx4-1BB bispecific antibody, showed strong FcγRI-dependent 4-1BB activation along with TIGIT-dependent 4-1BB activation. In H22 tumor models expressing high levels of endogenous CD155, both ABL112 and parent TIGIT single-domain Ab showed potent tumor-suppressive activity; however, only ABL112 exerted long-lasting antitumor activity. ABL112 induced a marked decrease in Treg numbers, while augmenting the absolute number of CD8+T cells and proportion of CD226+CD8+T cells. The expressions of CXCL10, CXCL11, IFN-γ, and TNF-α increased, indicating myeloid cell activation and potential modification of the tumor microenvironment to an inflammatory phenotype. ABL112 not only showed outstanding antitumor activity as a monotherapy, but also showed synergistic effects with PD-(L)1 mAb compared with the combined TIGIT–PD-(L)1 mAb treatments.

Conclusions

Through multiple mechanisms of action, ABL112 exerted potent tumor-killing activity and immune memory response alone or in combination with anti-PD-(L)1 therapies, representing a promising new cancer treatment strategy.
Chromosomal and molecular perspectives on Potamotrygon motoro (Müller & Henle, 1841) from central Amazon
Authors: Ferreira Alex M.V. , Viana Patrik F. , Marajó Leandro , Feldberg Eliana
Published: February 2025

Cytogenetic studies on Potamotrygon motoro (Müller & Henle, 1841) are limited to classical cytogenetic techniques, but they do reveal great karyotypic variation. The main differences are related to the karyotypic formula and the absence/presence of sex chromosome systems. Thus, this study aimed to expand knowledge of the karyotypic composition of Potamotrygon motoro from different locations of the Central Amazon using Fluorescence in situ Hybridization to investigate the distribution of ribosomal DNAs (rDNA) and microsatellites sequences (SSRs). In addition, we used the mitochondrial DNA cytochrome oxidase subunit I (mtDNA COI) to perform neighbor-joining analysis to investigate the relationships among the individuals sampled. In our study, Potamotrygon motoro presented 2n = 66 chromosomes, with 18m + 12sm + 10st + 26a and heterochromatic blocks on centromeric region of all chromosomes. The 18S rDNA is present in three chromosomal pairs and 5S rDNA is located in the pair 16, which is a feature shared among freshwater stingray species. Regarding the mapping of SSRs, dinucleotide sequences showed a greater number of sites, usually on terminal regions of chromosomal pairs, with an accumulation throughout the long arms of the pair 17. Our molecular analyses did not reveal differences between the sequences used. In general, the karyotypic differences previously reported for Potamotrygon motoro indicate the presence of different cytotypes within the species.
Bank Accounting, Bank Regulation, and Capital Requirements: A Review
Authors: Lubberink Martien
Published: February 2025

Synopsis

The research problem

The Basel framework has been a significant development in the world of banking and finance, and it is imperative to have a firm understanding of these regulations and their implications for empirical accounting research, particularly as they relate to bank capital and capital requirements.

Motivation

The motivation of this paper is to advance the understanding of the role of accounting in post-GFC bank regulations and to empower researchers by improving their understanding of the regulatory process and their understanding of regulatory resources.

Target population

Global banks, bank regulators, and bank standard setters.

Adopted methodology

This paper aims to provide an overview of the interactions between bank accounting and prudential regulation, focusing specifically on post-GFC regulations such as Basel III.

Findings

I document differences between bank regulation and financial reporting standards, which are in a constant state of flux. Differences manifest themselves in definitional distinctions, such as the fact that bank capital is not the same as equity, the scope of application and associated data availability, the standard setting process, and stakeholder interests. The disparities are dynamic and specific to each country or jurisdiction, which adds complexity to the research process. Despite the efforts of the Basel Committee to establish unified standards, there has been an increasing divergence in the implementation of global banking rules. These developments present new research opportunities.
5. Engineering Geology of Groundwater in Design and Construction (problem solving for conceptual, observational and analytical models)
Authors: Banks V. J. , Mansour M. M. , Bricker S. H. , Lawrence U. , Lelliott M. R. , Nedumpallile Vasu N.
Published: February 2025

This chapter explains the requirement for conceptual models to support decision making for addressing groundwater in design and construction. It defines conceptual models and approaches to their formulation, presentation, communication and reporting. The chapter provides useful sign posting to a range of data sources that are available to practitioners. The second half of the chapter presents a broad range of example conceptual models that represent different climatic and environmental scenarios.
11. Managing Groundwater in the Engineering Design & Construction of Sub-surface Works
Authors: Linde-Arias Emilio
Published: February 2025

This chapter addresses the significant challenges encountered in constructing engineering works below groundwater level, particularly in deep sub-surface projects such as shafts and tunnels. It explores how groundwater interaction can lead to decreased water levels, surface settlement, and potentially severe inflows that disrupt excavation progress and destabilize the construction site. These issues may also cause environmental damage and affect nearby structures.

The chapter outlines two primary strategies for groundwater control. The first strategy involves preventing water ingress by enhancing ground impermeability or installing physical barriers like diaphragm walls. Alternatively, adjusting groundwater gradients using techniques such as earth pressure balance machines during tunnel excavation is discussed. The second strategy focuses on actively lowering water levels through pumping or passive drainage to manage groundwater effectively.

The requirements for long term weathertightness of underground structures and possible strategies are also discussed.
FusionFS: A Contention-Resilient File System for Persistent CPU Caches
Authors: Chen Congyong , Zheng Shengan , Zhang Yuhang , Huang Linpeng
Published: February 2025

Byte-addressable storage (BAS), such as persistent memory and CXL-SSDs, does not meet system designers’ expectations for data flushing and access granularity. Persistent CPU caches, enabled by recent techniques like Intel’s eADR and CXL’s Global Persistent Flush, can mitigate these issues without sacrificing consistency. However, the shared nature of CPU caches can lead to cache contention, which can result in cached data being frequently evicted to the BAS and reloaded into caches, negating the benefits of caching. If the BAS write granularity is larger than the cacheline eviction granularity, this can also lead to severe write amplification.

In this paper, we identify, characterize, and propose solutions to the problem of contention in persistent CPU caches, which is largely overlooked by existing systems. These systems either simply assume that cached data is hot enough to survive cache evictions or use unsupported cache allocation techniques without testing their effectiveness. We also present FusionFS, a contention-resilient kernel file system that uses persistent CPU caches to redesign data update approaches. FusionFS employs an
adaptive data update
approach that chooses the most effective mechanism based on file access patterns during system calls and memory mapping accesses, minimizing BAS media writes and improving throughput. FusionFS also employs
contention-aware cache allocation
to minimize various types of cache contention. Experimental results show that FusionFS outperforms existing file systems and effectively mitigates various types of cache contention.
Sniper: Exploiting Spatial and Temporal Sampling for Large-Scale Performance Analysis
Authors: Xuan Zhibo , You Xin , Feng Tianyu , Yang Hailong , Luan Zhongzhi , Liu Yi , Qian Depei
Published: February 2025

MPI tracing tools is essential to collect the communication events and performance metrics of large-scale programs for further performance analysis and optimization. However, towards the exascale era, the performance and storage overhead for tracing becomes extremely prohibitive that significantly disturbs the original execution of MPI programs, leading to distorted tracing data and thus mislead analysis results. Although process sampling can effectively reduce the tracing overhead, it can easily miss important execution information that is necessary for subsequent performance analysis. In this paper, we propose
SimTrace
, a scalable MPI tracing tool with novel spatial and temporal sampling strategies that exploits the similarity among MPI processes to achieve both low tracing overhead as well as obtain sufficient tracing information. The experimental results demonstrate that
SimTrace
can significantly reduce the MPI tracing overhead compared to the state-of-the-art tracing tools, meanwhile enabling effective analysis to guide performance optimization of large-scale programs.
Prediction of a Broad Spectra of Membrane Morphologies Through a New NIPS Thermo‐Kinetic Model
Authors: Romay Marta , Urtiaga Ane , Diban Nazely
Published: February 2025

This work presents a novel semiempirical mathematical approach consisting of a coupled thermo‐kinetic model as valuable tool for predicting the polymeric fraction profile of membranes synthesized by nonsolvent induced phase separation (NIPS). Equilibrium binodal curves (BCs) of the system component were incorporated to the Fick’s diffusive kinetic model allowing a satisfactory prediction of the tendency to develop symmetric or asymmetric porous membrane morphologies, as well as a fair quantification of average porous fraction profiles. The model was validated using two different ternary systems: (i) polycaprolactone (PCL)/N‐methylpyrrolidone (NMP)/water (W) characteristic of instantaneous demixing (asymmetric finger‐like porous cross‐section morphology); and (ii) PCL/NMP/isopropanol (IPA) characteristic of delayed demixing (symmetric sponge‐like cross‐section morphology). The loading of graphene oxide (GO) in the quaternary system PCL/GO/NMP/IPA also gave rise to a sponge‐like porosity, characteristic of delayed demixing systems, which was reasonably predicted by the coupled thermo‐kinetic model developed in this study. In addition, a computational scanning electron microscopy (SEM) image processing methodology was developed to validate the thermo‐kinetic model, resulting in an advantageous tool for that purpose. Overall, this work reveals the usefulness of the new thermo‐kinetic mathematical approach as a facile computational tool for membrane manufacturers and researchers for a preliminary discrimination of component combinations in quaternary polymer/nanofiller/solvent/nonsolvent NIPS systems.
Removal of a Distally Broken Cannulated Femur Intramedullary Nail: A Novel Technique From a Level 1 Trauma Center
Authors: Hii Jeffrey Lucas , Fang Christopher J. , Evans Samantha L. , Schuch Matthew , Kubiak Erik N.
Published: February 2025

This case report from a Level 1 trauma center describes a novel surgical technique to remove a cannulated intramedullary nail, broken at the distal aspect, from the femur. We present a 40‐year‐old male who sustained a hardware failure, breaking his medullary nail at the distal aspect 7 weeks postoperatively while performing water aerobics. The broken implant was successfully extracted without complication, and a subsequent nail was exchanged. A benefit of this technique is avoiding a femoral osteotomy, which may prove useful for the unique and difficult case of distally broken nails.
Advanced Cooling of Photovoltaic Panels Using Hybrid Nanofluids Incorporating Graphene Oxide and Carbon Nanotubes
Authors: Kargaran Mahyar , Goshayeshi Hamid Reza , Azarberahman Saeed , Chaer Issa
Published: February 2025

Photovoltaic (PV) panels play a pivotal role in advancing renewable energy adoption by offering a clean and sustainable alternative to fossil fuels. However, elevated operating temperatures diminish PV cell performance, reducing energy output and accelerating material wear. This research evaluates the cooling efficiency of a PV panel equipped with a three‐dimensional oscillating heat pipe (3D‐OHP) integrated with hybrid nanofluids consisting of graphene oxide–copper oxide (GO–CuO), carbon nanotube–CuO (CNT–CuO), and multiwalled CNT–CuO (MWCNT–CuO). The OHP is charged with two concentrations of each nanofluid, specifically 0.1 and 0.2 g/L, to evaluate their impact on the thermal management of the PV panel. The study involved experimental tests using two PV panels: one equipped with a 3D‐OHP as the cooled panel and the other as a reference panel under identical environmental conditions. Hybrid nanofluids were prepared by dispersing nanoparticles in a base fluid, and their thermal properties were characterized prior to use. Energy and exergy analyses quantify the enhancements in thermal efficiency and the reduction in entropy generation. Experimental results reveal that CNT–CuO with a concentration of 0.2 g/L remarkably improves the electrical power output by 12.07%, outperforming other studied systems with the maximum exergy efficiency of 31.2%. The findings also highlight notable gains in first‐law efficiency. Furthermore, the levelized cost of energy (LCOE) and levelized cost of storage (LCOS) are analyzed, demonstrating the economic feasibility of hybrid nanofluid‐based cooling for PV systems.
Critical Heat Flux Dependence on Surface Orientation and Bubble Dynamics in Pool Boiling Over Silicon and Silicon Dioxide Surfaces
Authors: Yang Jaehyeok , Yong Hyunjin , Kim Sungjin , Park Il Woong , Lee Yeon-Gun , Vadlamudi Sai Raja Gopal , Park Hyun Sun
Published: February 2025

In the evolving energy landscape, there is an increasing demand for efficient and reliable heat transfer methods to prevent overheating in renewable energy systems. Pool boiling presents viable solutions, and the surface orientation of the heated surface is a key parameter which affects its performance. This research investigates the effect of surface orientation on critical heat flux (CHF) in pool boiling using silicon (Si) and silicon dioxide (SiO2) surfaces. Experiments were conducted across seven preset orientation angles ranging from 0° to 180°. The experimental results indicated that these conditions had a notable effect on heat transfer performance, with the highest CHF observed at a 60° orientation for both types of surfaces. At 180°, a significant reduction in CHF was exhibited at the SiO2 surface, with CHF values less than 5% of those at 0°. Si surfaces exhibited larger bubble departure angles and smaller bubble sizes at higher orientation angles compared to SiO2 surfaces. These findings, in which CHF peaks at 60°, challenge the predictions of many existing models that predict a steady decrease of CHF as the surface orientation increases. This research involves a detailed analysis of vapor bubble dynamics, and the interactions between bubbles and the heating surface across different surface orientations. Through the examination of bubble detachment, coalescence, and liquid‐vapor interactions, this study aims to provide a clearer understanding of the mechanisms driving CHF variations.
Fracture Resistance of Fiber‐Reinforced vs. Conventional Resin Composite Restorations in Structurally Compromised Molars: An In Vitro Study
Authors: Mohammadipour Hamideh Sadat , Farajzadeh Mostafa , Toutouni Hediyeh , Gazerani Arya , Sekandari Salehe
Published: February 2025

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate reinforcing effect of different fiber‐reinforced resin composites for restoring structurally compromised molars compared to conventional resin composite.

Methods and Materials: Sixty healthy human third molars were randomly divided into six groups (n = 10). In G1 to G4, wide mesio–occluso–distal (MOD) cavities with an occlusal depth of 4 mm and proximal boxes with a width of 2/3 of buccolingual distance were prepared. In G5, after preparation of MOD cavities, 2 mm cusp reduction was made. The samples of G6 were remained intact (control). In G1 and G5, the conventional resin composite (G‐ænial Posterior), and in G2, short fiber‐reinforced resin composite (SFRC: EverX Posterior) were used. In G3 and G4, the Ribbond fibers were applied on base of cavity in buccolingual and cross‐sectional direction, respectively, and followed by conventional resin composite restoration. After 24 h maintaining in distilled water at room temperature, fracture resistance of restored teeth was tested with a crosshead speed of 0.5 mm/s and fracture patterns were also evaluated by stereomicroscope (favorable: above cementoenamel junction (CEJ) and unfavorable: below CEJ). The data was analyzed using Shapiro–Wilk, one‐way ANOVA, and post hoc Tukey’s HSD tests.

Results: The highest fracture strength was obtained in G2 (4051.4 ± 1293.9 N), which was significantly greater than G3 (2886.6 ± 720.4 N; p = 0.005) and G5 (2949.3 ± 307.5 N; p  = 0.010). No statistically significant difference was observed between other study groups. The greatest percentage of favorable fracture was recorded in G6 (70%) and G2 (60%).

Conclusion: The reconstruction of severely weakened molar teeth with SFRC or incorporating of polyethylene fibers in cross‐sectional direction on base of resin composite restoration improved fracture strength and favorably affected fracture modes in comparison to conventional posterior resin composite with or without cusp coverage.
Consistency Regularization Semisupervised Learning for PolSAR Image Classification
Authors: Wang Yu , Jiang Shan , Li Weijie
Published: February 2025

Polarimetric Synthetic Aperture Radar (PolSAR) images have emerged as an important data source for land cover classification research due to their all‐weather, all‐day monitoring capabilities. Deep learning‐based classification methods have recently gained significant attention in PolSAR image classification since they have demonstrated excellent performance in the computer vision field. However, the main issue with deep learning‐based methods is that they require large amounts of training data. Additionally, the scarcity of labeled data is a significant challenge in the PolSAR image field. Therefore, in this article, we proposed an advanced semisupervised deep self‐training algorithm for PolSAR image classification, which utilized both labeled and unlabeled data in a semisupervised way. Then, a training optimization method and a high‐confidence sample selection strategy are proposed by integrating consistency regularization. In addition, to achieve stronger feature extraction capabilities, we designed a deep learning‐based classifier that combines residual blocks with an efficient multiscale attention module. We have conducted experiments on three popular real PolSAR datasets: 1989 Flevoland, 1991 Flevoland, and Oberpfaffenhofen. The classification results on these datasets demonstrated that the proposed method outperforms several other comparison algorithms, with overall accuracy up to 99.3%, 99.15%, and 94.12%, respectively. These results demonstrated the effectiveness of the proposed method for PolSAR image classification.
Synergistic Protection of Alpha‐Glucosyl Hesperidin and Procyanidin Against Testicular Ischemia‐Reperfusion Injury
Authors: Zeynali Ehsan , Soleimanzadeh Ali , Azizi Saeed
Published: February 2025

The present study was designed to examine the protective effects of alpha‐glucosyl hesperidin (AGH) and procyanidin (PC) against testicular ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury, which is a severe medical condition. Seven groups of male rats were divided into control, torsion/detorsion (T/D), T/D+50 mg/kg PC, T/D+25 mg/kg AGH, T/D+50 mg/kg AGH, T/D+50 mg/kg PC+25 mg/kg AGH, and T/D+50 mg/kg PC+50 mg/kg AGH. The evaluation of testicular tissue, sperm quality, oxidative status, gene activity, and fertility levels after T/D was conducted using various tests. The results showed that sperm motility, viability, and plasma membrane functionality, as well as total antioxidant capacity (TAC), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and Bcl-2 gene expression levels, all increased after treatment with AGH or PC and coadministration. Additionally, the levels of glutathione (GSH), malondialdehyde (MDA), Bax, and caspase-3 gene expression and abnormal morphology and DNA damage decreased compared to the T/D group. The study found that AGH and PC had a more substantial synergistic effect when used together to improve reproductive health following T/D damage.
Outcomes Post-laparoscopic Intervention for Accessory and Cavitated Uterine Masses: A Review and a Molecular Insight
Authors: Barrett-Chan Ella , Alomar Karim , Bukannan Esra'a , Cho Kristy , Pilsworth Jessica A. , Gilks C. Blake , Yong Paul , Huntsman David G. , Bedaiwy Mohamed
Published: February 2025

Background: Accessory and cavitated uterine masses (ACUM) are rare Mullerian anomalies, defined as an isolated accessory cavitated mass lined with endometrial epithelium.

Objectives: This article explores ACUM lesions from two aspects and integrates a case report of a successful laparoscopic-assisted intervention for ACUM in a 24-year-old woman with refractory dysmenorrhea with a review of current literature on laparoscopic surgical techniques. Unique to this case was the process of undergoing targeted genetic sequencing via the Find ITTM Panel Version 3.4 on the ACUM, looking for mutations in KRAS, PIK3CA, and FGFR2. A process that was inspired by recent reports that indicate that even normal endometrium can harbor cancer-associated mutations.

Methods: A comprehensive search of Ovid MEDLINE and Embase was performed. Studies were selected if they explored laparoscopic surgery's impact on ACUM patients' outcomes related to fertility, menorrhagia, or dysmenorrhea. Risk of bias assessment was performed using the JBI Critical Appraisal Checklist.

Outcome: From 160 articles identified, 25 full-text articles were analyzed with a total of 75 unique patients discussed. Dysmenorrhea was present in 100% of cases (n=75/75), and laparoscopic resection improved patient symptoms in 84% (n=63/75) of cases. The mass excised in the case was positive for somatic missense mutations in RET (R813W) and HRAS (G12S) genes, identified at low variant allele frequencies.

Conclusions and Outlook: These results demonstrated that laparoscopic surgical approaches are effective and frequently the first surgical approach chosen for the treatment of ACUM, but that techniques to treat these conditions are not standardized. This case is the first to demonstrate mutations in ACUM, suggesting a potential role for cancer-associated somatic mutations in their genesis. Future developments in this area may include sending more of these samples for genetic analysis, improving our understanding of how these lesions are formed, while also working to standardize how they are removed.
Detecting Non-Coding RNA Associated with Dust Mite-Sensitized Allergic Rhinitis through High-Throughput Sequencing and its Clinical Relevance
Authors: Hu Xi-Lian , Jiang Liang , Zhang Jing , Qin Gang , Hu Xiao-Yan
Published: February 2025

Background: Allergic rhinitis is a chronic inflammatory and reactive disease of the nasal mucosa mediated by Immunoglobulin E (IgE) following exposure to allergens in atopic patients. The primary mediator involved is histamine release, and various immune-active cells and cytokines contribute to the inflammatory response. The condition is characterized by nasal itching, sneezing, hypersensitivity, and swelling of the nasal mucosa. Dust mites are prevalent allergens in China, and both genetic and environmental factors contribute to the development of allergic rhinitis (AR). Discovering sensitizing allergens is crucial for prevention and treatment. Recent research has focused on the role of non-coding RNAs like miRNA and lncRNA, in allergic rhinitis. These non-coding RNAs can interact within a competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) network, influencing gene expression.
Methods: In this study, clinical samples were collected from patients with dust mite-sensitized AR and from healthy controls. Full transcriptome sequencing and PCR verification were conducted, and the verified lncRNAs were assessed for their potential as predictors of AR risk.
Results: ROC curve analysis demonstrated that combining two highly expressed lncRNAs (NONHSAT159281.1 and NONHSAT123298.2) provided high diagnostic accuracy. Correlation analyses revealed a positive association between NONHSAT159281.1 expression and the severity of AR symptoms, particularly nasal congestion and runny nose. Furthermore, associations between lncRNA and miRNA, as well as between miRNA and mRNA were investigated. A ceRNA network was developed, highlighting the involvement of hsa-miR-205-5p.
Conclusion: Overall, this research discovers potential diagnostic and therapeutic targets for AR and provides directions for future studies.
Diagnostic ability of magnifying endoscopy compared to biopsy examination for early gastric cancer prior to endoscopic submucosal dissection
Authors: Yoshida Takuma , Dohi Osamu , Seya Mayuko , Yamauchi Katsuma , Fukui Hayato , Miyazaki Hajime , Yasuda Takeshi , Ishida Tsugitaka , Iwai Naoto , Doi Toshifumi , Hirose Ryohei , Inoue Ken , Yoshida Naohisa , Uchiyama Kazuhiko , Ishikawa Takeshi , Takagi Tomohisa , Konishi Hideyuki , Morinaga Yukiko , Kishimoto Mitsuo , Itoh Yoshito
Published: February 2025

Background Biopsy-specimen examination is the gold standard for the preoperative histological diagnosis of early gastric cancer (EGC). However, few studies have compared the diagnostic accuracies of biopsy and magnifying endoscopy with narrow-band imaging or blue laser imaging (ME-NBI/BLI). Thus, we compared the diagnostic accuracy of biopsy specimens and ME-NBI/BLI to evaluate whether ME-NBI/BLI is a feasible preoperative diagnostic tool for EGC.
Methods This retrospective single-center study enrolled 185 patients who underwent gastric endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) between January and December 2018. The sensitivity and positive predictive value (PPV) of the histological diagnosis of ME-NBI/BLI and biopsy were evaluated. Logistic regression analysis was used to assess the risk factors for the misdiagnosis of biopsy specimens and ME-NBI/BLI.
Results In total, 158 patients with EGC were analyzed. Sensitivities of biopsy and ME-NBI/BLI were 1 and 0 for adenomas (P = 0.333), 0.693 and 0.971 for differentiated adenocarcinomas (P < 0.001), and 0.688 and 0.625 for undifferentiated adenocarcinomas (P > 0.999), respectively. PPVs of biopsy and ME-NBI/BLI were 0.077 and 0 for adenomas (P > 0.999), 0.960 and 0.958 for differentiated adenocarcinomas (P > 0.999), and 0.750 and 0.750 for undifferentiated adenocarcinomas (P > 0.999), respectively. The underdiagnosis rate for differentiated adenocarcinomas was significantly higher in biopsy examination than in ME-NBI/BLI (27.9% vs. 0%, respectively, P < 0.001).
Conclusion ME-NBI/BLI had a higher sensitivity than biopsy examination for the preoperative diagnosis of differentiated adenocarcinomas. Therefore, performing ME-NBI/BLI for these lesions may be preferable regardless of their diagnosis as non-cancerous lesions from biopsy specimens.
Physical activity, sedentary behavior, cardiorespiratory fitness with cardiac adiposity: A narrative review
Authors: Oh Minsuk , Choi Hyo-In , Lee Jong-Young , Lee Dong Hoon , Jeon Justin Y.
Published: February 2025

Background: Pericardial adipose tissue (PAT), an ectopic fat depot surrounding the coronary arteries, is a significant pathogenic risk factor for cardiometabolic diseases. Due to its anatomical proximity to the heart, PAT is considered a more potent risk factor for cardiovascular conditions compared to other visceral adipose tissues located in other parts of body. Modifiable lifestyle factors such as physical activity (PA), sedentary behavior (SB), exercise interventions, and cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) have been associated with various health outcomes, but their relationship with PAT remains less understood.
Summary: This review synthesizes current evidence on the associations of physical activity, sedentary behavior, exercise interventions, and cardiorespiratory fitness with PAT. Increasing PA and CRF while reducing SB appear to be associated with lower PAT accumulation with age, independent of key health characteristics across diverse populations. Also, exercise interventions may be effective in reducing PAT. PAT is emerging as a critical cardiovascular disease (CVD) and cardiometabolic risk factor. The review highlights the importance of PA, SB, exercise participations, and CRF as modifiable strategies to potentially mitigate this risk. Despite the documented benefits of PA, exercise interventions, and CRF and the negative impacts of SB on health, further research is warranted to explore these associations more comprehensively. Most existing studies are limited by small sample sizes, cross-sectional designs, and reliance on self-reported measures. Recent longitudinal studies suggest that PA, SB, and CRF may influence PAT volumes over time, though findings are often affected by baseline abdominal adiposity and the use of indirect measures.
Key Messages:
• Increasing PA, exercise participation, and CRF while reducing SB may prevent PAT accumulation with age, independent of other health factors.
• PAT is a significant, emerging risk factor for cardiovascular and metabolic diseases, underscoring the need for effective lifestyle interventions.
• Future research should focus on larger, more diverse cohorts using objective measures to better understand the complex relationships between PA, SB, CRF, and PAT.
• Comprehensive exploration of these associations will aid in developing interventions to reduce cardiac adiposity and enhance cardiovascular health outcomes.
Prácticas de educación en el marco de la extensión crítica universitaria
Authors: Medina Medina Nicolás
Published: February 2025

En este artículo se presenta una lectura desde las pedagogías críticas latinoamericanas de las prácticas de educación: Senti-saber glolocal del territorio, Saber colectivo, Acompañamiento psicosocial, Horizontalidad y democratización, Poder popular e Intraculturalidad, de dos proyectos: Campaña de Alfabetización Progresemos (1985) y Macroproyecto DESCA (2014), en el marco de la extensión crítica de la Universidad Surcolombaina, a partir de un estudio de caso. Los resultados muestran que, en el marco del proyecto de alfabetización en el Pato, se llevaron a cabo prácticas de educación comunitaria crítica principalmente como Saber colectivo, Horizontalidad y democratización, Poder popular e Intraculturalidad y que en el Macroproyecto DESCA se identifica principalmente Senti-saber glolocal del territorio y Acompañamiento psicosocial partiendo del acervo cultural para fortalecer la cultura en la región del Huila. De igual forma, se encuentra que la extensión universitaria de la USCO ha tenido tres grades perspectivas que entran en tensión: paternalista, transformadora y tecnocrática.
Impatiens damrongii (Balsaminaceae), a new record for the flora of Vietnam
Authors: Ha Van Dang  , Leonid Vladimirovich Averyanov  , Cuong Huu Nguyen
Published: February 2025

Impatiens damrongii Shimizu, previously known as a native species of southern China, northern Laos, and northern Thailand, is found first in Vietnam, in the Nam Dong Conservation Area (Thanh Hoa Province). The voucher herbarium specimens of this species collected in Vietnam are housed in the herbarium of the Vietnam National University of Forestry. A morphological description of this species, accompanied by color photographs, data on ecology and phenology in Vietnam are additionally provided.
Checklist on the ichthyofaunal resources and conservation status of Dikhu River, Nagaland, India
Authors: Metevinu Kechu  , Pranay Punj Pankaj
Published: February 2025

Dikhu River constitutes one of the major perennial rivers of Nagaland and due to its pristine beauty aids as a tourism spot. From the present study, ichthyofaunal diversity accounted for a total of 28 fish species belonging to 6 orders, 13 families, and 3 subfamilies. From the investigation, order Cypriniformes (67.9%) was found to be the most dominant, followed by Siluriformes (14.3%) and Anabantiformes (7.1%) while order Beloniformes, Synbranchiformes and Anguilliformes was found to be the least common with 10.7% in total. The IUCN red list of threatened species shows 71.4% are Least Concern, 7.1% Near Threatened, 3.6% Vulnerable, 3.6% Endangered, 10.7% Not Accessed and 3.6% Data Deficient. IUCN population status data shows that 57.1% are unknown, 10.7% stable, 10.7% not accessed, and 21.4% with decreasing population trends. Diversity indices (Shannon, Simpson, and Evenness) indices ranged 2.497–2.912, 0.892–0.936, and 0.820–0.908, respectively. Relative abundance determinations ranged from a high of 15.55% for Devario aequipinnatus to the lowest values for Tariqilabeo latius and Botia rostrata at 0.08%. Anthropogenic pressure on the Dikhu River has resulted in habitat modification and fragmentation, posing a hazard to fish diversity. Fish abundance was found to be highest in the post-monsoon season and lowest in winter. These findings are significant for academic purposes and support conservation strategies for local fish resources.
A report on Conidae (Gastropoda) from the Karnataka coast – distribution and shell morphometry
Authors: B.S. Chandan  , Rao R. Shyama Prasad , Mustak Mohammed S.
Published: February 2025

Conidae are a diverse group of predatory marine gastropods known for their highly potent venom, which may hold potential for biomedical applications. This study presents findings from a survey of Conidae species inhabiting the coastal shorelines of Karnataka. Shell measurements and morphometric analyses were conducted on four species: Conus biliosus, C. inscriptus, C. milneedwardsi, and Conasprella dictator. Molecular phylogenetic analysis of C. biliosus was performed using the partial mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI) gene sequence.
New distribution record and DNA barcoding of the steno-endemic plant Cordia diffusa (Boraginaceae)
Authors: M. Haritha  , Lavanya D. Leena , H. Abinaya
Published: February 2025

The research marks the first documented occurrence of Cordia diffusa in Kurumbapalayam, a location where it had not been reported previously. In this study, genomic markers were also utilized to document the endemic plant species Cordia diffusa K.C.Jacob of the Boraginaceae family. This study employed chloroplast markers such as matK, rbcL, and the psbA-tnH region to determine their efficiency in identifying the species. For the first time, C. diffusa has been analyzed and documented using these genetic markers. Sequences obtained from three different primer sets for each marker were submitted to GenBank. This research highlights the first genetic documentation and identification of C. diffusa using chloroplast markers, contributing valuable genetic data to GenBank and advancing the understanding of this endangered species distribution.