bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Alexa Enabled IoT Device Simulation Using C# And AWS Lambda
Authors: Chakraborty Sudip , Aithal P. S.
Published: September 2023

Purpose: Nowadays, device operation using voice commands is becoming popular. Several voice command services are available. Among them, Alexa from Amazon is the most popular. Almost Every day, vendors are integrating Alexa into their new products worldwide. We need physical devices for the device operation or understanding of the process flow of Alexa. Sometimes, physical devices are costly, or availability is poor. Here, we demonstrated how to create a simulated Alexa-enabled IoT device. We used several Amazon cloud services to execute the process flow. Alexa's skill is developed inside the Alexa developer console. To process the command, we use the AWS Lambda function. AWS IoT cloud service is used to trigger IoT devices over MQTT. For simulated devices, we are using a C# MQTT client. The researcher trying to simulate an Alexa-enabled device into their project can get some reference information from this work.
Design/Methodology/Approach: We create a graphical user interface (GUI) to interact with the user or display the device's status. The GUI is connected with the C# AWS IoT Device Shadow client. We created IoT Things in the AWS cloud. Under the IoT Shadow, we created a Device shadow. The Alexa service triggers the lambda function. The Lambda function updates the Shadow register, which resides inside the cloud. The c# shadow client receives a notification when the device Shadow updates and updates the GUI element that represents the equipment. We can use any Alexa device to send voice commands, like the Alexa mobile app, Echo Dot, or Alexa PC app.
Findings/Result: Through this research work, we created and tested virtual devices that can be experiments or research work using Alexa voice commands. It has been tested for a long time. It performed well, and no issue was found. Using more code-level protection it can be robust for practical implementation.
Originality/Value: We found several fragmented documents over the web to implement Alexa-enabled virtual devices. After lots of study, we did practical and included the procedure in this research work. From voice input to load trigger, there are lots of steps involved. The complete guidance is not available easily. So through this research work, if someone follows, they can easily create a voice-operated device. This research work may add value to the researcher experimenting with the Alexa command-activated device.
Paper Type: Experimental-based Research.
Analysis of modern technologies for growing cherry varieties in temperate climates
Authors: Shahini Shpend , Drobitko Antonina , Sharata Nataliia , Rybachuk Volodymyr , Ivanova Iryna
Published: September 2023

The research relevance is predefined by the need to optimise fruit crop cultivation systems considering weather conditions. The research aims to test the grafting technology of intensive sweet cherry plantations on small and medium-sized rootstocks. The leading method in achieving the research goal was a field experiment. The main results of this study are as follows: the leading technologies for increasing the yield of sweet cherry varieties depending on the impact of environmental stress factors are presented; the use of clone rootstock technology in sweet cherry plantations in temperate climates is substantiated. According to a set of indicators of productivity formation, the yield of plantations of different designs was predicted. Namely, the scheme of variety-rootstock combinations of intercalary placement, its length, and parameters of the growth complex for plants were revealed; indicators of physiological activity, growth, productivity, fruit quality, and economic efficiency in intensive sweet cherry plantations were determined. It has been established that the application of this technology will increase yields and improve the quality parameters of sweet cherry fruits by developing varieties with compact crowns, which will allow to compact the plantations. It has been analysed that climatic conditions are the main factor in the process of harvest formation. A list of stress factors of temperate climate that affect the yield of sweet cherries has been identified. It is proved that the introduction of clonal rootstock technology is the most effective for growing intensive plantations of sweet cherries in a temperate climate. Practically, the research aims to determine and test a set of elements of physiological indicators of the potential yield of sweet cherry plantations of different designs, to introduce them into production and use them in further breeding
Job Portal
Authors: Adithyan S  , Dr. T. Mahalakshmi
Published: September 2023

"Job Portal” System is a student project that aims to create a website to facilitate the process of finding and applying for job opportunities. The project will develop a platform that allows job seekers to search for and apply to job openings, upload and manage their resumes and cover letters, and receive alerts for new job opportunities that match their preferences. The website will also provide resources and support for job seekers, including information about different industries and career paths, tips for preparing for job interviews and negotiations, and guidance on professional development. The goal of the project is to make it easier and more efficient for individuals to find and pursue job opportunities and to help employers connect with qualified candidates. By providing a comprehensive and user-friendly tool for managing the job search process, the Job Portal System hopes to contribute to a more dynamic and successful job market. The website utilizes various technologies and frameworks such as React, NodeJS, Express, MongoDB.
ANALYZING HISTORICAL TRADE DYNAMICS AND CONTEMPORARY IMPACTS OF EMERGING MATERIALS TECHNOLOGIES ON INTERNATIONAL EXCHANGE AND U.S. STRATEGY
Authors: Oluwaseun Ayo Ogunjobi  , Nsisong Louis Eyo-Udo  , Blessed Afeyokalo Egbokhaebho  , Chibuike Daraojimba  , Uneku Ikwue  , Adeyinka Alex Banso
Published: September 2023

This research paper explores the relationship between historical trade dynamics, emerging materials technologies, and their contemporary impacts on international trade. Through a series of case studies and comprehensive analyses, the paper highlights how innovation in materials science has historically shaped trade patterns, industries, and economies. It investigates the role of innovation ecosystems, research collaboration, and intellectual property rights in influencing trade dynamics. Furthermore, the paper discusses the effects of emerging materials technologies on various sectors, including manufacturing, electronics, renewable energy, healthcare, and more. It examines the case of the United States, its policies, initiatives, challenges, and successes in adopting these technologies. The paper forecasts future trends in emerging materials technologies, emphasizing their implications for international trade relationships and supply chains. It addresses challenges such as regulatory frameworks, ethical considerations, and geopolitical factors that may impact the diffusion of these technologies globally. The paper concludes by stressing the significance of understanding historical trade dynamics and contemporary impacts. It suggests implications for officials, industry stakeholders, and future research directions. Ultimately, it underscores the critical role of emerging materials technologies in shaping the trade landscape, fostering economic growth, and contributing to sustainable development in an interconnected world.

Keywords: Historical Trade Dynamics, Emerging Materials Technologies, International Trade, Innovation Ecosystems, Research Collaboration, Intellectual Property Rights, Industry Sectors.
Biyografi Yazıcılığında Teolojik ve Tasavvufî Bir Tartışma Örneği: Takıyyüddîn el-Fâsî’ye Göre İbnü’l-Arabî’nin Hayatı
Authors: Yalçın Mehmet Fatih , İnce Eyüp
Published: September 2023

Tasavvuf hareketi, Memlükler döneminde (648-923/1250-1517) yönetici elitin yanı sıra ulemâ ve toplumun teveccühüne mazhar olmuştur. Memlük devlet ricâli, vakıflar aracılığıyla sûfîler için çok sayıda kurum yaptırmışlardır. Dönemin ulemâsının da ilgi göstermesiyle tasavvuf, toplumda revaç bulmuştur. Bununla birlikte bazı sûfîler, fikirleri dolayısıyla tenkit edilmiştir. Bunlardan biri de İslam tarihinin ilginç şahsiyetlerinden biri olan İbnü’l-Arabî’dir. Görüşleriyle kendi döneminden itibaren tartışmaların odağı haline gelen İbnü’l-Arabî, Memlükler döneminde yoğun eleştirilere maruz kalmıştır. 13. asırda İzzeddîn b. Abdüsselâm ile başlayan ve 14. asırda İbn Teymiyye ve İbn Haldûn ile devam eden İbnü’l-Arabî aleyhtarlığı, başkadılık yapmış bazı âlimlerin İbnü’l-Arabî’nin kâfir olduğuna dair fetvalarıyla devlet politikası haline gelmiştir. Bu minvalde Mekke’nin ilk Mâlikî başkadısı olan tarihçi Takıyyüddîn el-Fâsî de İbnü’l-Arabî’nin biyografisini kaleme almıştır. Bu çalışmada yöntem olarak öncelikle Memlükler döneminde İbnü’l-Arabî aleyhtarlığı betimlenmiştir. Daha sonra Takıyyüddîn el-Fâsî’nin el-ʿİḳdü’s̱-s̱emîn fî târîḫi’l-beledi’l-emîn adlı eserinde İbnü’l-Arabî’yi eleştirdiği konular tasavvufî açıdan incelenmiştir. Bazı fetvaların nakillerini içeren biyografide İbnü’l-Arabî’ye dair yanlı aktarımların olduğu tespit edilmiştir.
A versatile water vapor generation module for vapor isotope calibration and liquid isotope measurements
Authors: Steen-Larsen Hans Christian , Zannoni Daniele
Published: September 2023

Abstract. A versatile vapor generation module has been developed for the purpose of both field water vapor isotope calibrations and laboratory liquid water isotope measurements. The vapor generation module is fully scalable allowing in principle an unlimited number of standards or samples to be connected, opening up the possibility for calibrating with multiple standards during field deployment. Compared to a standard autosampler system, the vapor generation module has a more than 2 times lower memory effect. The vapor generation module can in principle generate a constant stream of vapor with constant isotopic composition indefinitely. We document an Allan Deviation for 17O-excess (Δ17O) of less than 2 per meg for an approximate 3 hour averaging time. For similar averaging time the Allan Deviation for 𝛿17O, 𝛿18O, 𝛿D, d-excess is 0.004, 0.006, 0.01, 0.03 ‰. Measuring unknown samples show that it is possible to obtain an average standard deviation of 3 per meg leading to an average standard error (95 % confidence limit) using 4–5 replicates of 5 per meg. Using the vapor generation module we document that an enhancement in the Allan Deviation above the white noise level for integration times between 10 minutes and 1 hour is caused by cyclic variations in the cavity temperature. We further argue that increases in Allan Deviation for longer averaging times could be a result of memory effects and not only driven by instrumental drifts as it is often interpreted as. The vapor generation module as a calibration system have been document to generate a constant water vapor stream for a period of more than 90 hours showing the feasibility of being used as an autonomous field vapor isotope calibration unit for more than 3 months.
The role of upper ocean heat content in the regional variability of Arctic sea ice at sub-seasonal time scales
Authors: Bianco Elena , Iovino Doroteaciro , Masina Simona , Materia Stefano , Ruggieri Paolo
Published: September 2023

Abstract. In recent decades, the Arctic Ocean has undergone changes associated with enhanced poleward inflow of Atlantic and Pacific waters and increased heat flux exchange with the atmosphere in seasonally ice-free regions. The associated changes in upper ocean heat content can alter the exchange of energy at the ocean-ice interface. Yet, the role of ocean heat content in modulating Arctic sea ice variability is poorly documented, particularly at regional scale. We analyze ocean heat transports and surface heat fluxes between 1980–2021 using two eddy-permitting global ocean reanalyses, C-GLORSv5 and ORAS5, to assess the surface energy budget of the Arctic Ocean and its regional seas. We then assess the role of upper ocean heat content, computed in the surface mixed layer (Qml) and in the 0–300 m layer (Q300), as a sub-seasonal precursor of sea ice variability by means of lag correlations. Our results reveal that in the Pacific Arctic regions, sea ice variability in autumn is linked with Qml anomalies leading by 1 to 3 months, and this relationship has strengthened in the Laptev and East Siberian seas during 2001–2021 relative to 1980–2000, primarily due to reduced surface heat loss since the mid-2000s. Q300 anomalies act as a precursor for wintertime sea ice variability in the Barents and Kara seas, with considerable strengthening and expansion of this link from 1980–2000 and 2001–2021 in both reanalyses. Our results highlight the role played by upper ocean heat content in modulating the interannual variability of Arctic sea ice at sub-seasonal timescales. Heat stored in the ocean has important implications for the predictability of sea ice, calling for improvements in forecast initialization and focus upon regional predictions in the Arctic region.
Effects of longwave radiative cooling on advection fog over the Northwest Pacific Ocean: Observations and large eddy simulations
Authors: Yang Liu , Ding Saisai , Liu Jing-Wu , Zhang Su-Ping
Published: September 2023

Abstract. During the boreal summer, the prevailing southerlies traverse the sharp sea surface temperature (SST) front in the Northwest Pacific (NWP) Ocean, creating a stable air-sea interface characterized by surface air temperature (SAT) higher than SST, which promotes the frequent occurrence of advection fog. However, long-term shipborne observations reveal that during episodes of advection fog, SAT usually decreases below SST, with a peak relative frequency (~34.5 %) to all fog observations before sunrise and a minimum relative frequency (~18.8 %) before sunset. From a Lagrangian perspective, this study employs a turbulence-closure large-eddy simulation (LES) model to trace a fog column across the SST front and investigates how SAT drops below the SST during an advection fog event. The LES model, incorporating constant solar radiation, successfully simulates the evolution of advection fog and the negative SAT-SST. Simulation results show that once the near-surface air condenses, the thermal turbulence is generated by strong longwave radiation cooling (LWC) at the fog top. The influence of LWC on the fog layer surpasses the cooling effect of the near-surface mechanical turbulence ~2 hours after the fog formation, while the fog column is still positioned over the SST front. When the fog column arrives the cold flank of the SST front, the top-down developing mixed layer induced by the LWC reaches the surface, causing the SAT to drop below SST. The LES model with diurnal solar radiation well simulates the diurnal variation in SAT-SST during the fog event, suggesting that the model captures the essential processes responsible for negative SAT-SST. This study highlights the significance of fog-top cooling and its associated thermal turbulence in the evolution of advection fog. Given the challenges faced by numerical weather prediction models in forecasting sea fog, our findings suggest that observations of negative SAT-SST during advection fog episodes present an opportunity to enhance the performance of these models in simulating the thermal turbulence induced by the LWC at the fog top.
Amplified potential for vegetation stress under climate change-induced intensifying compound extreme events in the Greater Mediterranean Region
Authors: Olschewski Patrick , Dieng Mame Diarra Bousso , Moutahir Hassane , Böker Brian , Haas Edwin , Kunstmann Harald , Laux Patrick
Published: September 2023

Abstract. The Mediterranean Basin is one of the regions most affected by climate change. It is highly dependent on the impact of climate change on agricultural efficiency and food security. While rising temperatures and decreasing precipitation levels already impose great risks, the effects of compounding extreme events (CEEs) can be significantly more severe and amplify the risk. It is therefore of high importance to assess these risks under climate change on a regional level to implement efficient adaption strategies. This study focuses on False Spring Events (FSEs), which impose a high risk of crop losses during the beginning of the vegetation growing period, as well as Heat and Drought-based CEEs (HDCEs) in summer, for a high-impact future scenario (RCP8.5). The results for 2070–2099 are compared to 1970–1999. In addition, deviations of the near-surface atmospheric state under FSEs and HDCEs are investigated with the aim to improve the predictability of these events. We apply a multivariate, trend-conserving bias correction method (MBCn) accounting for temporal coherency between the inspected variables derived from EUR-CORDEX. This method proves to be a suitable choice for the assessment of percentile threshold-based CEEs. The results show a potential increase in frequency of FSEs for large portions of the study domain, especially impacting later stages of the warming period, caused by disproportionate changes in the behavior of warm phases and frost events. Frost events causing FSEs predominantly occur under high-pressure conditions and northerly to easterly wind flow. HDCEs are projected to significantly increase in frequency, intensity, and duration, mostly driven by dry, continental air masses. This intensification is multiple times higher than that of the univariate components. This study improves the understanding of the unfolding of climate change in the Mediterranean and shows the need for further, locally refined, investigations and adaptation strategies.
Preliminary Techno-Economic Study of Optimized Floating Offshore Wind Turbine Substructure
Authors: Ojo Adebayo , Collu Maurizio , Coraddu Andrea
Published: September 2023

Abstract. Wild fires and excessive floodings have been seasonal climatic changes across the globe in the past decade. The need for clean energy to fight against the climate changes observed as a result of excessive green-house emission over the years is driving the development of the offshore wind sector. This drive is pushing the exploitation of rich wind resources in deep waters with water depth greater than 60 metres requiring a deviation from the commercialized fixed bottom foundation offshore wind technology. Resolving the issue of exploiting rich wind resources requires the use of floating foundation offshore wind technology satisfying stability and durability requirement in any environmental condition. Floating offshore wind turbines (FOWTs) are still in the pre-commercial stage and although different concepts of FOWTS are being developed, cost is a main barrier to commercializing the FOWT system. This is evidence in the comparison of the CAPEX (capital expenditure) for a fixed bottom platform and a floating platform with the fixed bottom foundation CAPEX representing 13.5 % of the total CAPEX of the system while the floating platform CAPEX represents about 29 % of the total CAPEX of the system leading to an increasing cost. This article aims to use a shape parameterization technique within a multidisciplinary design analysis and optimization framework to alter the shape of the FOWT platform with the objective of reducing cost. This cost reduction is then implemented in a 30 MW floating offshore wind farm (FOWF) designed based on the static pitch angle constraints (5 degrees, 7 degrees and 10 degrees) used within the optimization framework to estimate the reduction in the levelized cost of energy (LCOE) in comparison to a FOWT platform without any shape alteration – OC3 spar platform design. The optimal platform design variants and the OC3 platform are also deployed in a scaled up 60 MW farm to see the impact of platform geometric shape optimization in a scaled-up scenario. Key finding in this work shows that an optimal shape alteration of the platform design that satisfies the design requirements, objectives and constraints set within the MDAO framework contributes to significantly reducing the CAPEX cost and the LCOE in the 30 MW floating wind farm. This is due to the reduction in the required platform mass for hydrostatic stability when the static pitch angle is increased. The FOWF designed with a 10 degrees static pitch angle constraint provided the lowest LCOE value while the FOWF designed with a 5 degrees static pitch angle constraint provided the largest LCOE value barring the FOWT designed with the OC3 dimension which is over designed and over dimensioned. The total cost and LCOE is further reduced in a scaled up 60 MW farm for each design assessed. This further reduction is due to combination of the geometric shape parameterization and optimization of the platform with the economics of scale of the wind farm.
New Knowledge, Better Decisions: Promoting Effective Policymaking Through Cybercrime Analysis
Authors:   Utica University, Givens Austen
Published: September 2023

This editorial introduction will present an overview of the four articles contained in this issue of the International Journal of Cybersecurity Intelligence and Cybercrime. The articles examine the profiling of hackers, the role of the media in shaping public perceptions of cyberterrorism, research trends in cybersecurity and cybercrime, as well as the impacts of cyberbullying.
Maltrato a estudiantes de medicina del Paraguay en 2022: estudio multicéntrico
Authors: Real-Delor Raúl Emilio , Acosta Torreani María Lucía , Aguilar Vergara Elbert Yvan , Benítez Delasgracias León Feliciano , Benítez González Francisco Javier , Bordón Lezcano Luis Alberto , Delgado Caballero Leticia , Encina Villagra Iara Mariana , Escobeiro de la Cruz María Mercedes , Maidana Barboza Rosana Mabel , Quintana Vargas Cristhian Hernán , Ramírez Fernández Bettina Elizabeth , Vázquez Vega Romina Antonieta
Published: September 2023

Introducción: los estudiantes de medicina son propensos a recibir maltratos de sus colegas, personal administrativo y pacientes. Objetivo: determinar las características del maltrato a estudiantes de medicina del Paraguay en 2022. Metodología: se aplicó un diseño observacional, de corte transversal. Se incluyó a estudiantes de medicina, de ambos sexos, que aceptaban participar de la encuesta telemática. El muestreo fue por conveniencia. Se midieron variables demográficas. La percepción del maltrato fue evaluada según cuatro componentes (psicológico, físico, académico y sexual) utilizando el cuestionario de Munayco-Guillén F et al, previamente validado. El estudio contó con la aprobación del Comité de ética de la Universidad Privada del Este, Paraguay. Resultados: el cuestionario fue contestado por 214 estudiantes, siendo 146 mujeres (edad media 24 ± 3 años) y 68 varones (edad media 25 ± 5 años). La mayoría reside en Asunción (29,4%) y asiste a universidades privadas (92%). La media ± DE del maltrato psicológico fue 1,89 ± 1,02, la del físico fue 1,64 ± 0,89, la del académico fue 2,01 ± 1,11 y la del sexual fue 1,4 ± 0,83. Aplicando puntos de corte en los percentiles 60 y 70, el maltrato fue leve en 126 estudiantes (58,9%), moderado en 24 (11,2%) y grave en 64 (29,9%). El motivo principal para no denunciarlo fue el miedo a ser señalado por los demás o recibir represalias (17,3%). Discusión: se detectó maltrato leve en 58,9%, moderado en 11,2% y grave en 29,9% de los estudiantes de medicina. Se requiere aplicar medidas de prevención y contención de los maltratos.
Perfil de transmisión del SARS COV2 en una región sanitaria del Paraguay
Authors: Aguilar Gloria , Estigarribia Gladys , Méndez Julieta , Morel Zoilo , Ortiz Ignacio , Ríos-González Carlos , Baez Teresita , Rojas de Arias Antonieta , Schaerer Christian , Muñoz Sergio
Published: September 2023

Introducción: La transmisión viral a menudo se propaga en grupos, donde las infecciones se pueden rastrear hasta un caso índice o una ubicación geográfica, para así poder tomar medidas de prevención al respecto. Entender el perfil de transmisión del SARS-CoV-2 es esencial para desarrollar estrategias efectivas de prevención y control de la enfermedad. Objetivo: Determinar el perfil de transmisión del Sars-Cov-2, a partir de clúster con casos índices identificados, en la V región sanitaria (Caaguazu) del Paraguay, entre julio y octubre del 2020. Metodología: Se realizó un estudio observacional, descriptivo, de corte transversal, con fichas de notificación de casos de COVID-19 y resultados laboratoriales de la RT_PCR en pacientes diagnosticados con COVID-19 en la V Región Sanitaria entrejulio y octubre del 2020. Resultados: Fueron identificadas 703 personas con Sars-Cov-2 positivo. El 55,49% de las personas no reconoció algún nexo de contagio. Con respecto al tipo de evento donde ocurrían con mayor frecuencia los contagios, ocurrieron en Eventos Sociales en 58,14% de los casos y en el Ambiente Familiar en el 33,89%. La transmisión secundaria se observó en el 17,40% de los casos. Fueron identificados 58 Clústers, con una mediana de tamaño de los mismos de 3 (RIQ 2-4), y 267 personas (37,98%) asociadas a los mismos. Conclusión: La mayoría de las personas no reconocieron su nexo de contagio, sin embargo, en los que, si conocieron, se puede observar que la participación en eventos sociales fue el principal nexo, por lo que es fundamental realizar este tipo de ejercicios para hacer el seguimiento oportuno de los casos.
Uso de técnicas de estudio basadas en evidencia científica en estudiantes de medicina, Perú.
Authors: Atencio Paulino Joel Isaac , Galarza Caceres Deivi Nick , Santivañez Lazo Angely Adriana , Huaman Julian Lecsi Katerin , Huaripata Safora Michelle Milena , Condor Elizarbe Ivan Roli
Published: September 2023

Introducción: El uso de técnicas de estudio basada en evidencias por parte de los estudiantes constituye un método fundamental para el aprendizaje. Objetivo: Evaluar la frecuencia del uso de técnicas de estudio basadas en evidencia en estudiantes de medicina de una universidad en el Perú. Metodología: Se realizó un estudio observacional transversal con 75 estudiantes de medicina humana de la Universidad Nacional del Centro del Perú a través de una encuesta que recopilo las técnicas de estudio y otras variables, seleccionados mediante un muestreo no probabilístico. Resultados: El (58,73 %) fueron varones, un (58,7 %), no utilizó técnicas de estudio basadas en evidencia, nivel socioeconómico familiar bajo-medio (33,3 %). El material de estudio más utilizado fueron libros (58,14 %), seguido de artículos científicos (24 %); el (45,3 %) dedicaba entre 4-6 horas al estudio y el (40 %) usaba la técnica “Active recall”. Por su parte, el (53,3 %) disfrutaban del estudio “algunas veces”, (70,7 %) aplazaban el momento de estudiar “algunas veces” y el (62,7 %) tenían dificultad para concentrarse “algunas veces”. Además, encontramos que aquellos que estudiaron menos de 2 horas prefirieron videos educativos y los estudiantes que dedicaron 6-8 horas eligieron la lectura de libros, artículos científicos y diapositivas basadas en evidencias. Así mismo los que enfrentaron dificultades 'la mayoría del tiempo' tendieron a utilizar diapositivas en exceso, mientras que los que enfrentaron dificultades 'siempre' prefirieron videos educativos (p<0,05). Discusión: El empleo de técnicas de estudio fundamentadas en evidencias por parte de los estudiantes aún no prevalece de manera mayoritaria. Solo la mitad de los estudiantes mantiene una utilización activa en su desarrollo profesional, mientras que existe desconocimiento y un nivel bajo de implementación. El entendimiento de estas variables brindará la oportunidad de establecer charlas educativas dirigidas a los futuros profesionales.
QUASI-STATIC BENDING FATIGUE OF CARBON CORD–RUBBER COMPOSITES USED IN TIMING BELTS
Authors: Tao Yinping , Tashiro Ryuichi , Yonezawa Shigeki , Stevens Christopher A. , Bilotti Emiliano , Busfield James J. C.
Published: September 2023

Cord–rubber composites such as timing belts are subjected to coupled tension and bending under typical service conditions. Due to their increased modulus, carbon cords are replacing traditional glass cords as reinforcing materials in timing belt products. The bending fatigue behavior of carbon cord–reinforced hydrogenated butadiene rubber (CC-HNBR) composites is of increasing interest for both understanding their failure mechanism and supporting the development of new industrial products. In this work, a simple experimental setup that replicated in a simplified way the real-pulley situation encountered in a timing belt operation was developed to investigate the effects of applied tension, bending curvature, frequency, and R ratio on the bending fatigue life of CC-HNBR composites. Furthermore, a numerical investigation of the stress distribution within the CC-HNBR composite, under both uniaxial tension and coupled tension and bending loading, was carried out using finite element analysis. Cord-dominated fracture was observed close to the point at which the specimen just left the pulley using a thermal imaging camera at high stress levels. This location is due to the combined effects of bending and maximum tension at this site. There was a reduction in the bending fatigue life as a result of a higher level of bending strain introduced by a smaller-diameter pulley. Frequency had negligible effects on the bending fatigue life within testing regimens probably resulting from the rubber generating only limited heat buildup even at the highest test frequencies. Higher R ratios led to a longer bending fatigue life, potentially due to the strain-induced crystallization of the HNBR matrix at the tip of any generated cracks. This study provides a basic investigation into the bending fatigue behavior of CC-HNBR composites under coupled tension and bending loading conditions, shedding some light on the failure characteristics of CC-HNBR composites under the interaction of bending and tension deformations.
A case report of deleterious SGCE myoclonus: dystonia successfully treated with pallidal deep brain stimulation
Authors: Jang Hyuk , Huh Ryoong , Jang Il
Published: September 2023

SGCE (epsilon (ε)-sarcoglycan gene) myoclonus-dystonia (SGCE M-D) is a pleiotropic neuropsychiatric disorder with an autosomal dominant mode of inheritance, variable severity, and incomplete penetrance. There have been few reports of patients with SGCE M-D who have been successfully treated with deep brain stimulation (DBS). This case report presents a missense mutation (c.289>T) inherited in a Northeastern Asian family affected by SGCE M-D. The individuals with the condition exhibited clinical manifestations of generalized myoclonus accompanied by sustained cervical dystonia. A 38-year-old woman had a history of generalized dystonia myoclonus with paroxysmal jerks for the past 10 years. The symptoms gradually worsened over the years, affecting her entire body and interfering with most of her daily activities. Genetic testing identified a single base deletion in exon 3 of the SGCE gene, which was considered the genotype underlying her phenotypic symptoms. After failed attempts with oral medications as an outpatient, she underwent DBS targeting the globus pallidus internus (GPI). Her symptoms significantly improved after the activation of the stimulator. Our case supports the beneficial effect of GPI-targeted DBS in patients who are unresponsive to oral medications and have a genetically confirmed M-D phenotype.
Gestão sustentável do saneamento Nota Técnica 4 – A aplicação da avaliação do ciclo de vida em diferentes níveis de tratamento de esgoto
Authors: Gutierrez Katia Gonçalves , Fernandes Matheus Augusto de Oliveira , Chernicharo Carlos Augusto de Lemos
Published: September 2023

A avaliação de ciclo de vida (ACV) vem sendo adotada como importante instrumento de apoio aos tomadores de decisão do setor de saneamento, em especial em questões relacionadas ao tratamento de esgoto sanitário e a destinação de seus subprodutos. Esse trabalho busca apresentar a versatilidade dessa ferramenta, trazendo exemplos de aplicação da metodologia em diferentes cenários. Apresentamos um estudo simulado, para atendimento a pequenas populações, que compara dois sistemas combinados anaeróbio e aeróbio na destinação do lodo e biogás produzido e que traz como principal ponto crítico a potencialidade de impacto relacionada à cal comumente utilizada na desinfecção de lodo de esgoto, quando do seu uso como biossólido. No estudo de caso de uma estação de tratamento de esgoto (ETE) do tipo lodos ativados convencional, mesmo com a adoção de um sistema de aquecimento dos biodigestores de lodo e aproveitamento da energia elétrica na própria ETE, proporcionados pela instalação de um sistema de cogeração de energia, parte importante da energia térmica produzida é desperdiçada. Esse resultado aponta a necessidade de aprimoramento das rotas de destinação dessa energia para melhora do desempenho ambiental global da ETE e amplia a discussão sobre possíveis usos da energia térmica, como, por exemplo, a secagem do lodo com fins de desinfecção para uso como biossólido ou apenas para redução de volume de lodo transportado a aterros sanitários. No terceiro trabalho, para atendimento ao enquadramento do curso d’agua receptor, já que a ETE se encontra instalada no centro do município e causa importante impacto na qualidade de vida dos moradores do entorno, foram propostas alternativas
Gestão sustentável do saneamento Nota Técnica 5 – Uso e disposição segura de esgoto doméstico, água cinza e excreta: a abordagem do Plano de Segurança do Saneamento da Organização Mundial da Saúde
Authors: Paulo Paula Loureiro , Souza Hugo Henrique Simone , Lima Priscila de Morais , Magalhães Fernando Jorge Correa , Magri Maria Elisa
Published: September 2023

No atual cenário de limitação de recursos naturais, o desenvolvimento de sistemas integrados e sustentáveis de tratamento de esgoto implica em uma mudança estrutural da visão acerca da função de uma estação de tratamento de esgoto: de simples condicionadora de esgoto para a disposição final mais segura para uma estação de recuperação e aproveitamento dos subprodutos do tratamento de esgoto. Para acompanhar essa mudança, é preciso garantir a segurança desde a geração até a aplicação dos subprodutos gerados. O objetivo desta nota técnica é introduzir o manual para o Plano de Segurança do Saneamento da Organização Mundial da Saúde, que apresenta uma abordagem de gestão de risco proposta para ajudar as entidades gestoras de sistemas de esgotamento sanitário a minimizar os riscos à saúde humana e maximizar os benefícios. São apresentados, nesta nota técnica, os seis módulos que compõem o Plano de Segurança do Saneamento, dois exemplos de aplicação e uma proposta para a inserção do Plano de Segurança do Saneamento nos planos municipais de saneamento básico, garantindo metas para a saúde na fase de planejamento.
Fatty acid profile of Greek yogurt with colostrum addition
Authors: GOMES Rhaabe Dayane da Silva , BARBOSA Idiana de Macedo , RIBEIRO Cláudio Vaz Di Mambro , ANAYA Katya , SILVA Emerson Gabriel dos Santos Oliveira , OLIVEIRA Chiara Albano de Araujo , GAMA Marco Antonio Sundfeld da , OLIVEIRA Juliana Paula Felipe de , SALE Danielle Cavalcanti , ARAÚJO Emmanuella de Oliveira Moura , RANGEL Adriano Henrique do Nascimento
Published: September 2023

The nutraceutical properties of colostrum have stimulated interest in its use in the production of functional foods and supplements that benefit human health. This study investigated the fatty acid profile of Greek yogurt formulations added with bovine colostrum. Four formulations of Greek yogurt were developed with different colostrum levels: 0, 10, 20, and 30%. Next, fat extraction and esterification were performed to determine the fatty acid profile. Then, the concentrations of fatty acid methyl esters were determined by gas chromatography. No effect was observed for the C14:0, C16:0, and C18:0 concentrations with the addition of colostrum. Although the C18:1c9, C18:2n6, C18:3n3, and C20:4n6 concentrations were not affected by colostrum, the C16:1c9, polyunsaturated fatty acids, and n-6 fatty acid contents increased, without changes in the n-6 to n-3 ratio. C18:1t9 was the only monounsaturated fatty acid that differed among formulations and it increased with colostrum addition. There was no effect of the colostrum increase on the total saturated, unsaturated, and monounsaturated fatty acid concentrations. The bovine colostrum used as an ingredient in Greek yogurt showed slight changes in the fatty acid profile. The use of colostrum is an alternative to reduce costs and maintain health benefits.
Prevalence and risk factors for Leptospira spp. in dairy cattle in western Paraná, Brazil
Authors: Candeias Ana Paula Molinari , Snak Alessandra , Pretto-Giordano Lucienne Garcia , Osaki Silvia Cristina
Published: September 2023

Leptospirosis is caused by spirochete bacteria of the genus Leptospira and is considered the most widespread zoonosis worldwide. It is an important agent that causes animal production to decrease. In cattle, it affects especially the reproductive tract. The objective of this study was to determine the seroprevalence of Leptospira spp., molecularly detect the bacteria in tissues of aborted fetuses, and identify the main risk factors associated with infection in cattle in dairy farms in Western Paraná. For this purpose, 600 bovine serum samples from 60 properties and 17 bovine fetuses from nine properties were collected. Data about the properties were also collected through an epidemiological questionnaire to assess the main risk factors associated with Leptospira spp. infection. The serum samples were analyzed using microscopic agglutination test (MAT), and the fetal tissues using nested polymerase chain reaction (nested PCR). Seroprevalence of Leptospira spp. in dairy cattle in Western Paraná was 39.83% (239/600) and none of the analyzed fetuses were positive for Leptospira spp. The main risk factors identified are related to the production system, reproductive management, and the presence of dogs on the property. Leptospira spp. infection is widely spread in the cattle population in Western Paraná.
A study on dual burden of malnutrition among school going adolescents of Ahmedabad city
Authors: Balat Martina , Vidja Jaydip , Patel Mitesh , Algotar Priyank
Published: September 2023

Background: The dual burden of adolescent malnutrition refers to the double burden of under- and over-nutrition coinciding within a population, leading to adverse health conditions.

Aim and Objectives: To determine the magnitude and lifestyle determinants of malnutrition among school-going adolescents.

Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, a total of 264 adolescents (10–19 years) were randomly selected from four higher secondary schools in Ahmedabad city from September 2017 to October 2017. The interview was done using the pre-tested, semi-structured questionnaire in the local language (Gujarati). Weight (kg) and height (cm) were taken. Body mass index (BMI) was calculated as per the formula BMI = weight (kg)/height (m2).

Results: In the present study, 34 (12.9%) were overweight, and 67 (25.4%) were underweight. The prevalence of overweight was higher among females (16.5%). Life style factors like sleeping time (hours/day), watching TV, using PC and mobile (hours/day), physical activity (min/day), skipping breakfast, fast food consumption, and the number of meals eaten in a day have a significant role in the nutrition of adolescents.

Conclusion: Regular screening of the adolescents should be done, and malnourished adolescents should be treated via a nutrition rehabilitation program at home and school as early as possible.
Nursing students’ perception concerning distinguishing between nursing diagnoses terms according to nursing diagnoses textbook and common clinical terms
Authors: Obeid Ali
Published: September 2023

Objective: To identify nursing students’ perception level concerning distinguishing between nursing diagnoses terms according to nursing diagnoses textbook and common clinical terms at our institution.
Methodology: This descriptive quantitative study was conducted from November 1, 2022 to April 20, 2022 at Al-Safwa University College/Nursing Department. The study instrument had two sections; component one dealt with the sample's demographics, including age, gender, and academic stage. The second section, which included 20 items, concerns with students' perceptions of how to discriminate between terms from the nursing diagnostic textbook and terms used in regular clinical settings. Seven subject-matter experts were consulted regarding the validity of the instrument. There was 0.65 dependability. SPSS version 23 was used for the data analysis.
Results: We found that 39.35% students correctly identified the difference between common clinical terminology and nursing diagnoses, whereas 57.85% gave incorrect response.
Conclusion: Nurses’ students’ perception level about textbook diagnoses terms was poor.
Obesity in COVID-19 patients is a complex interaction
Authors: Mahdi Batool , Salih Wafaa
Published: September 2023

Objective: To assess role of obesity in Covid-19 patients on antibodies production, diabetes development, and treatment of this disease.
Methodology: This observational study included 200 Covid-19 patients in privet centers from January 1, 2021 to January 1, 2022. All patients had fasting blood sugars and anti-Covid-19 antibodies. Anthropometric parameters were measured in all participants.
Results: The patients were divided into two groups according to body weight; normal body weight (50) and excess body weight (150). There was a significant difference between them regarding age. Diabetes mellitus developed in 20% of normal weight patients while 80% of excess weight patients had diabetes (p=0.0001). Antibodies production (IgM and IgG) occurred in normal weight patients (90% and 98%, respectively). Only 4% patients with normal weight needed oxygen therapy while 93.33% of obese patients required oxygen therapy.
Conclusions: Obesity increased the development of diabetes, decrease antibodies production and increase requirement for oxygen therapy in Covid-19 patients..
Medical treatment of otitis media with effusion using fluticasone propionate nasal spray
Authors: Hassan Firas , Almansoori Yasir , Arabi Ali
Published: September 2023

Objective: To determine how well fluticasone propionate aqueous nasal spray worked to reduce fluid buildup in the middle ear, a condition known as middle ear effusion.
Methodology: This comparative interventional clinical study involving 70 patients with otitis media with effusion (OME) was conducted in Al-Sader Medical City in Najaf from December 2020 and January 2022. Participants had their parents' medical history and ENT exam. OME signs. These included child hearing loss and school failure. OME Otoscopy verified. Pure-tone audiometry and tympanometry followed. Group A received 100 micrograms/day (50 per nostril) fluticasone propionate aqueous nasal spray (NSS-nasal steroid spray) for 12 weeks. NS drops for B. All patients received four-week follow-up calls. Each appointment included otoscopy and audiology. Normal otoscope, type A tympanogram, and better hearing resolved OME.
Results: Nasal steroids helped 40 (NSS). 35 nasal saline drop (NS) patients were 4–13 years old, averaging 8.2. After 12 weeks, group A patient who used the intranasal steroid spray exhibited a definite subjective hearing improvement, but group B patients who used nasal saline drops did not. 75% of intranasal steroid patients had type A tympanometry curves after three months (p< 0.00001). Group A intra nasal steroid spray decreased PTA from 35 dB to 15 dB. Nasal saline drop patients had 25 dB PTA.
Conclusion: One effective therapy for OME is the use of a steroid nasal spray. It's much safer to use now. Research on its long-term and repeated applications is necessary.
Assessment of elderly health promotion behavior at geriatric home
Authors: Moussa Abbas , Aljazaery Ali , Hasan Saif , Alhashmi Ali , saddam Ehab , Zurfy Ahmed
Published: September 2023

Objective: To assess of elderly health promotion behaviors at geriatric home.
Methodology: This cross-sectional descriptive study was carried out at Geriatric Home in AL-Najaf governorate from July 1, 2022 to February 1, 2023. The number of samples was 30. A questionnaire consisting of 3 procedures was used: the first part was the demographic information such as (age, gender, marital status and economic status).The second part: health promotion behaviors towards the elderly and included 5 main aspects (physical activity, psychological, food pattern, use of medicines and the provision of health services) and the third part: clinical information (type of disease, chronic diseases suffered by the elderly and whether he had surgeries).
Results: Mean age of the elderly was 69.13±6.64 years (range 57-86). The physical and psychological activity was acceptable, on the contrary, the lifestyle and the use of medicines were good, while the quest for health care was very weak.
Conclusions: Majority of the sample had good health promotion behaviors, and there was a high influence of age, socio-economic status, educational level, chronic disease, surgery, and smoking on the elderly health promotion.
Risk factors among patients with cerebrovascular accidents at Kirkuk City Hospitals, Iraq
Authors: Ali Rebaz , Baeez Younus , Mustafs Darya
Published: September 2023

Objective: To assess the main modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors of cerebrovascular accidents in Kirkuk Province Hospital, North Iraq.
Methodology: The sample was taken from Azadi Teaching Hospital in Kirkuk City from June 15, 2022, and February 5, 2023. The study included 120 patients with cerebrovascular accidents (men & women). For the purpose of the study, a questionnaire was created with two sections: demographic information and CVA risk factors.
Results: The sample's age range was 60 to 69 years and was made up 54.2% men. Regular exercise was not done by 97.5% eating habits of majority (58.3%) was mixed diet. Most patients had heart disease, hypertension and diabetes.
Conclusion: Heart disease (coronary disease, hypertension) was the more frequent risk factor for cerebrovascular accident, follow by physical inactivity and an unhealthy diet with greater diabetes mellitus due to poor living conditions.
Effect of Coconut Water and GA3 Concentrations on in vitro Clonal Propagation of Potato Cultivars from Nepal
Authors:   Department of Biotechnology, School of Science, Kathmandu University, Dhulikhel, Nepal, Kafle Durga Prasad , Parajuli Sanam ,   Department of Biotechnology, School of Science, Kathmandu University, Dhulikhel, Nepal, Upreti Aastha ,   Department of Biotechnology, School of Science, Kathmandu University, Dhulikhel, Nepal, Gauchan Dhurva Prasad ,   Department of Biotechnology, School of Science, Kathmandu University, Dhulikhel, Nepal
Published: September 2023

Nodal propagation plays a crucial role in mass multiplication of potato plants. Growth regulators and media selection have an impact on the efficacy and quality of propagation. Both coconut water, a naturally occurring organic source of growth-promoting compounds, and the synthetic growth regulator GA3 (gibberellic acid-3), have the ability to accelerate plant growth. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of growth regulators and media, specifically GA3 and coconut water (CW) in agar-based media (ABM) and Clarigel-based media (CBM) which is a Gellan gum-based media, on potato nodal propagation. In contrast to the control group, GA3 in ABM did not produce definitive results, however GA3 in CBM showed a considerable level of efficacy. For the Janak Dev variety, CBM surpassed ABM in terms of root length, root hairs, leaf size, and dry biomass, whereas ABM demonstrated superior root length for the cardinal variety. In comparison to the GA3 alone at concentration ranges from 0 to 2 mg/L, adding CW at 200 mL/L to CBM or combining GA3 (0.25 mg/L) and CW (10 mL/L) substantially enhanced features including shoot length, leaf size, and root growth for both kinds. Acclimatized plantlets had a survival efficiency of 85% to 95%, with CBM supplemented with GA3 showing the highest survival rate and CBM supplemented with CW coming in second. These results highlight the significance of growth regulator and media choice in enhancing potato nodal propagation for improved plant quality and multiplication.