bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Analisis Kejadian Sumbing Bibir dan Langit: Studi Deskriptif Berdasarkan Tinjauan Geografis
Authors: Elfiah Ulfa , - Kushariyadi , Wahyudi Septa
Published: August 2021

Latar Belakang: Angka kejadian sumbing bibir dan langit-langit masih tinggi di Indonesia sedangkan proses penatalaksanaannya masih belum optimal. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melakukan analisis kejadian sumbing bibir dan langit-langit berdasarkan tinjauan geografis sehingga dapat menemukan model penanganan yang tepat untuk mengurangi angka kejadian sumbing bibir dan langit-langit.Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan jenis penelitian deskriptif dengan menggunakan data rekam medis di salah satu rumah sakit di provinsi Jawa Timur Indonesia. Data yang digunakan adalah data penderita sumbing bibir dan langit-langit antara tahun 2017-2020. Data yang diperoleh kemudian dikelompokkan berdasarkan wilayah asal penderita yang kemudian dituangkan dalam sebuah peta untuk memberikan gambaran penyebaran penderita sumbing bibir dan langit-langit. Sedangkan karakteristik penderita seperti angka prevalensi, jenis kelainan dan pekerjaan orang tua ditampilkan dalam bentuk tabel.Hasil: Penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kejadian kelainan sumbing bibir dan langit-langit hampir merata di seluruh wilayah Jember bahkan terdapat sepuluh wilayah yang memiliki angka kejadian lebih dari 5 penderita. Tingginya angka kejadian ini kemungkinan berhubungan dengan faktor-faktor risiko seperti pekerja orang tua sebagai petani, penggunaan pestisida dan pencemaran logam berat yang banyak ditemukan di wilayah Jember yang secara geografis merupakan daerah perkebunan dan pertanian sebagai penyebab kejadian kelainan kongenital ini. Kesimpulan: Pemetaan penderita secara geografis akan memudahkan dalam menentukan prediksi angka kejadian dan faktor resiko terjadinya kelainan sumbing bibir dan langit-langit serta memudahkan dalam membuat sistem penanganan penderita sesuai dengan kondisi wilayah masing-masing penderita.
ANALISIS OBYEK DAYA TARIK WISATA (ODTW) DAN INTERPRETASI JALUR EKOWISATA ELEPHANT TOUR DI PUSAT LATIHAN GAJAH TAMAN NASIONAL WAY KAMBAS
Authors: Miftahudin Miftahudin , Winarno Gunardi Djoko , Santoso Trio , Darmawan Arief
Published: August 2021

Way Kambas National Park is famous as an endemic habitat for the Sumatran Elephant (Elephas maximus sumatranus) precisely in the Elephant Training Center area as a base for ecotourism activities. Statistics on the number of tourist visits turned out to show a decrease, therefore we need an innovative eco-tourism breakthrough one of which has the potential to be developed is the Elephant Tour ecotourism. The purpose of this study is to identify potential attraction objects that exist in the Way Kambas National Park Elephant Training Center and interpret ecotourism path plans. The method used in this study is field observations to obtain data on potential points and ecotourism path. The data that has been obtained is then tabulated for descriptive and spatial analysis. The results showed that the object of attraction in the Way Kambas National Park precisely in the area of the Elephant Training Center consists of flora, fauna, beauty landscape and planned ecotourism path into two, long and short trips.
REKOMENDASI PENETAPAN KAWASAN EKOSISTEM ESENSIAL DI DESA PANJARATAN
Authors: Qomariah Siti , Hatta Gusti Muhammad , Fithria Abdi
Published: August 2021

Essensial Ecosystem Areas in general can be interpreted as protected areas outside conservation areas. In Panjaratan Village, it is found an area that is a habitat for proboscis monkeys and other animals according to the results of the inventory but is outside the conservation forest area. The existence of proboscis monkey (Nasalis larvatus) habitat in Panjaratan Village needs to supported in conservation so that it does not experience extinction due to interference for human activities. This study aims to provide recommendations in planning the determination of essential ecosystem areas for the Nasalis larvatus habitat in Panjaratan Village. This research was qualitative by using an emic approach that focuses on data and analysis based on answers from key informant. The results showed that the presence of Nasalis larvatus habitat in Panjaratan Village received support from the community, government and the private sector in its empowerment activities. This is supported by the existence of an inventory and verification of the presence of Nasalis larvatus habitat in Panjaratan Village conducted by the South Kalimantan Natural Resource Conservation team and through identification activities to then propose the Nasalis larvatus habitat area in the village to become an area of essential ecosystem areas.
DISTRIBUSI DAN KONTRIBUSI TENAGA KERJA DALAM KELUARGA TERHADAP PENGELOLAAN AGROFORESTRI DI HUTAN KEMASYARAKATAN, KABUPATEN LAMPUNG BARAT
Authors: Melati Dita Cahya , Wulandari Christine
Published: August 2021

Agroforestry is a land management system developed in the Bina Wana Community of Forest (HKm). Agroforestri in Community forest land is the main source of livelihood for communities around the forest. Labor is a resource that can affect the quality and quantity of forest product production, so it needs to be managed well in supporting agroforestry management in HKm. The purpose of this study was to analyze the distribution and contribution of outpoured labor in the family for each agroforestry activity in Gapoktan HKm Bina Wana. The data collection method was conducted by survey using interviews using questionnaires to 24 Gapoktan members. Data analysis was carried out by tabulation for all purposes in this study. The results showed that the distribution of labor outflows was most abundant in harvesting and postharvesting activities, namely 23% of the total use of labor for all agroforestry management activities. Subsequent sequences were soil cultivation (19.09%), planting (14.33%), fertilizing (13.26%), weeding (18.77%), and spraying (10.56%). Total of use of labor is 68% which is included in workers outside of the family. The contribution labor in the family towards agroforestry management in HKm Bina Wana shows a percentage of 32% of total workforce used.
ANALISIS PARTISIPASI MASYARAKAT SEMPADAN SUNGAI TAPIN DI KABUPATEN TAPIN TERHADAP KELESTARIAN LINGKUNGA
Authors: Aina Nuruk , Mahreda Emmy Sri , Kissinger Kissinger , Fauzi Hamdani
Published: August 2021

The degradation of culture and people's lives leads to the degradation of rivers and water. An alarming condition regarding the declining quality of the river's ecology, which has occurred in many places. A lot of garbage is found in the river, the width of the river is getting shorter because on the river border many people's houses are built on the river, sand mining activities in the river erode the depth of the river so that it has an impact on the quality of river water, fish farming activities and so on. That phenomenon lead to decreasing quality of rivers. The purpose of writing this research is to analyze community participation in the river border towards the environmental sustainability of the Tapin river in Tapin Regency, South Kalimantan. This study used a mixed research method that combines quantitative and qualitative approaches with data collection techniques through interviews with informants, direct observations in the field and distributing questionnaires to respondents. The results showed that the value of community participation on participation in the Tapin River conservation effort was 70.825%, which means that it was included in the participation level of 62.50% - 81.24% declared "participating". However, if viewed from the results of the interviews contained in the questionnaire, it was stated that only 30% participated while 70% of the community admitted that they had never participated in efforts to maintain and preserve the Tapin River.
IMPLIKASI TERBITNYA UNDANG –UNDANG NOMOR 23 TAHUN 2014 TERHADAP SUMBER DAYA MANUSIA PADA UPTD KESATUAN PENGELOLAAN HUTAN PRODUKSI GEDONG WANI PROVINSI LAMPUNG
Authors: Kurniawan Andri , Wulandari Christine , Febryano Indra Gumay , Kaskoyo Hari , Harianto Sugeng Prayitno , Setiawan Agus
Published: August 2021

The success of managing the forest management unit cannot be separated from the availability of human resources.  The purpose of this study is to study the implications of the issuance of Law Number 23 of 2014 concerning Regional Government on Human Resources in the Gedong Wani Production Forest Management Unit. Data obtained through interviews and library studio analyzed descriptively qualitative.  The results showed that there have been changes in human resources in the Regional Technical Implementation Unit (UPTD) KPHP Gedong Wani.  In addition, there are also several inhibiting and supporting factors in its application. The most important implication is an increase in human resources both in quantity and quality due to the transfer of authory from the center to the regions.  Education and training are still needed to guarantee and improve the quality of human resources in the UPTD KPHP Gedong Wani.
KEBIJAKAN LEGALITAS INDUSTRI PENGOLAHAN BAHAN BAKU KAYU LIMBAH INDUSTRI PRIMER KAYU BULAT (STUDI KASUS KECAMATAN BANJARMASIN UTARA KOTA BANJARMASIN)
Authors: Wiratmaja Krismandra Natalis , Itta Daniel , Abidin Zainal
Published: August 2021

The increased development of residential areas and community facilities in the South Kalimantan region, especially in Banjarmasin and its surroundings, increased demand for wood, The research objectives were to identify the problems of small industry entrepreneurs with waste wood/sibitan raw material. The research period was 5 (five) months, from the end of January 2020 to the end of April 2020, which included the preparation of research proposals, research, data processing, and reporting. The results of the research were: a) the high level of community demand for sawn wood as a basic material for building houses and the dependence of the Banjarmasin Utara Subdistrict community on the presence of the wood industry was important factors for the existence of the wood industry with raw material from industrial waste wood; b) Laws and Ministerial Regulations stipulated that the licensing authority for a logging industry is carried out by the forestry service, while for every other industry it is regulated by the Industry and Trade office; c) the solution to fulfilling the requirements for obtaining a small industry license is a guarantee that the supply of raw materials can be obtained from three alternatives, namely; source of raw materials from the waste of business permit for the Primary Industries of Timber Forest Products (IUIPHHK), People’s Plantations (HTR), and rejected wood, and d) draft policy on the legality of the wood industry with raw material from waste wood. An industrial company can obtain a permit by meeting the requirements,
UJI ATRAKTAN PADA EKSTRAK PURUN TIKUS (Eleocharis dulcis) SEBAGAI PERANGKAP HAMA PENGGEREK BATANG PADI PUTIH
Authors: Rosyidah Kholifatu , Insan Zacky , Ariyani Dahlena
Published: August 2021

Purun tikus (Eleocharis dulcis) are wild plants found on swamp land which are quite abundant in South Kalimantan. This research was conducted to find out the most active extract from Chinese water chestnut as an attractant of white rice stem borer (Scirpophaga innotata). Purun tikus were made into extracts using the stepwise extraction method using n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and methanol, with yields of 0.74%, 0.81%, and 7.58%, respectively. The results of the attractant test on purun tikus extract showed that the extract of n-hexane purun tikus was the most active extract as an attractant in white rice stem borer (Scirpophaga innotata). The results of the analysis using GC-MS showed that the extract of n-hexane purun tikus contained several compounds, namely 2-methyltetrahydrofuran, isopulegol, citronellal, citronellyl acetate, βcitronellol, Z-citral, 1-bromo-3,7-dimethyl-2,6-octadiene, citral, linalyl acetate, trans-caryophyllen, trans-phytol, verticellol.
KEKUATAN BISNIS “DEKKE NANIURA”, KEUNIKAN KULINER TRADISIONAL SUKU BATAK (TOBA) DI PROVINSI SUMATERA UTARA, PULAU SUMATERA, INDONESIA
Authors: Tambunan Parlindungan
Published: August 2021

The diversity of the people of Indonesia gives a variety of different fields including ethnic, culture, ras, religion, and between groups. Each ethnic group in Indonesia differs in how to obtain knowledge, some are hereditary and there is a process of learning from others. One example, the Batak ethnic (Toba) in Sumatera Island has knowledge about flora. They use flora for food processing, medicine, and living equipment. From food processing, the Batak ethnic (Toba) have diverse knowledge of food processing (culinary). One of the famous traditional culinary of the Batak ethnic (Toba) in Sumatra Island is Dekke Naniura. Dekke Naniura is one of the culinary traditional of the Batak ethnic (Toba) in Sumatera Island. Dekke Naniura is unique, because Dekke Naniura is served from fresh raw goldfish which is given the simple spices (easily available) and the water of Unte Jungga fruit (Citrus hystrix DC.) So that goldfish are not fishy and goldfish meat becomes soft without any process cooking on fire, or after being inhabited for 3 to 5 hours Dekke Naniura is ready for consumption. The uniqueness and originality of the traditional culinary processing of the Batak ethnic (Toba) "Dekke Naniura" has added value that can be calculated to preserve the taste. Therefore, the preservation of the taste of Dekke Naniura must be maintained by a culinary management, which has a standard operating system for sure, namely from the selection of ingredients to how to eat. With a certain standard operating food, a unique traditional culinary business can be operated as a strategic and promising industrial business. The uniqueness of a traditional culinary is the power of business that can create and contribute to the economy in a sustainable way from generation to generation. Dekke Naniura is one of the advantages of origin or representing the symbol of the North Tapanuli region, the Batak ethnic (Toba) in Sumatera Island.
KUALITAS BIOPELLET LIMBAH SEKAM PADI (Oryza sativa) SEBAGAI SALAH SATU SOLUSI DALAM MENGHADAPI KRISIS ENERGI
Authors: Ulfa Diana , Lusyiani Lusyiani , A.R. Thamrin Gusti
Published: August 2021

The purposes of this study were: 1) To analyze the characteristics of rice husk waste biopellets such as moisture content, density, ash content, flight substance content, calorific value and bound carbon content, 2) To identify the factors that influence the production of biopellets from rice husk waste. This study used a completely randomized design model with 2 (two) factors, namely variations in mesh size and variations of adhesive with 3 (three) replications. Making biopellet samples and testing the characteristics of rice husk biopellets were carried out at the Forest Products Technology Laboratory, Faculty of Forestry, Lambung Mangkurat University, Banjarbaru. The size of the powder and the amount of added adhesive as well as the interaction between the two did not have a significant effect on the value of moisture content, density, ash content, flight substance content and bonded carbon content, but had a very significant effect on heating value. The average value of moisture content ranged from 13.0771 - 14.5932%, the average density value ranged from 0.7698 g/cm3- 0.9548 g/cm3, the average value of the resulting ash content ranged from 16.5233% - 19.9633%, the average value of flying substances ranged from 57.3533% - 63.6067%, the average value of bound carbon was 6.3462% - 8.7668%, and the average heating value ranged from 2781.3800 cal/g - 3378.4600 cal/g. The factors that affect the quality of the biopelet are the process of pretreating the raw material, refining the size and mixing the adhesive.
IDENTIFIKASI JENIS POHON HASIL ILLEGAL LOGGING DI KAWASAN TAMAN NASIONAL GUNUNG PALUNG
Authors: Fawzi Nurul Ihsan , Novianto Agus , Supianto Agus , Purba Mahardika Putra
Published: August 2021

Deforestation makes a loss of 30.2% of the forest on Borneo from 1973 – 2010. Information about tree species has been logged still few. The aim of this study is to identify the types of trees that are sought and logged on Gunung Palung National Park. The method used was interviews with 45 loggers who had joined the UMKM program in collaboration between Yayasan ASRI, Health in Harmony, and Gunung Palung National Park Office. A field survey was conducted to find out the number of active loggers cutting down on Gunung Palung National Park. The result identified 15 families as tree species which mostly logged inside the park. Bengkirai (Shorea laevis Ridl.) and meranti (Shorea Roxb. Ex C.F.Gaertn.) are the most logged trees species. The frequency of logging can cut down a tree on average 10.6 trees per week or 533 trees a year for one logger. On 2018, the park already lost 34,286 trees from logging activity. The information about logged trees species is important for the conservation effort. Especially how to save species that are vulnerable and endangered.
EKSOZOMLARIN HASTALIKLARDAKİ ROLÜ, TANI VE TEDAVİ AMAÇLI KULLANIMI
Authors: AYGAN Burak , KAYA Mustafa , CANSEVER MUTLU Esra , KÜÇÜK İsrafil
Published: August 2021

Eksozomlar, hücre tarafından dışarı atılan nano ölçekte çift zar yapısına sahip yağ kesecikleri olarak bilinmektedir. İlk keşfedildiği 1980’li yıllarda, hücre atıklarının hücre dışına atılmasını gerçekleştiren kesecik yapılar olduğu düşünüldü. Günümüzde yapılan çalışmalar sonucunda, bu keseciklerin önemli fizyolojik görevleri yerine getirdiği tespit edilmiştir. Hücreler arası iletişim, sinyal iletimi, genetik materyal transferi, immünolojik yanıtın düzenlenmesi ve benzeri çok sayıda biyolojik aktivitede önemli fizyolojik rollere sahip olan bu kesecikler, hemen hemen tüm vücut sıvılarında yer almaktadır. Gerçekleştirdiği görevler nedeniyle hastalık patogenezinde de önemli bir yere sahiptir. Bu nedenle, hem tanı hem de tedavi uygulamalarında kullanımı giderek artmıştır. Farklı hücrelerden kökene sahip olan eksozomların, immün baskılayıcı ve etkinleştirici özelliklerinin varlığından dolayı otoimmün ve immün baskılama ve benzeri durumlarda immün işlevinin düzenlenmesini sağlamayı gerektiren, terapötik uygulamalarda kullanılabileceği öngörülmektedir. Bunun yanı sıra, doğal bir nanotaşıyıcı olmaları nedeniyle, eksozomlar hem adjuvanın hem de antijenin taşınabildiği yeni nesil aşıların, tasarımı ve geliştirilmesine imkân sağlamaktadır. Eksozomların tedavi edici uygulamalarının yanısıra, hastalık patogenezlerinde rol alması rolü vasıtasıyla prostat kanseri, glioblastom, akciğer yassı hücreli karsinomu ve hepatoselüler karsinom ve benzeri kanser çeşitlerinin tanısında da etkin birşekilde kullanılabileceğine dair bulgular bulunmaktadır.
The Role of Financial Burden in Nonprofit Sector Commitment
Authors: Kuenzi Kerry , Stewart Amanda J. , Walk Marlene
Published: August 2021

Evidence about millennial work motivations and the increasing importance of compensation questions the durability of the donative labor hypothesis in explaining nonprofit sector commitment. Nonprofit graduate education offers an employment pipeline into the sector, but what if the importance of compensation is partly driven by the financial burden accrued from education? Could it be that financial burden contributes to choices about work and commitment to the nonprofit sector? Using longitudinal data of nonprofit education alumni, we inquire about their sector commitment in light of the financial burden from their degree. Findings of this exploratory study offer a starting point for future research into how nonprofit education alumni view career opportunities in the nonprofit sector.
DCT-Domain Detail Image Enhancement for More Resolved Images
Authors: Bang Seongbae , Kim Wonha
Published: August 2021

This paper develops a detail image signal enhancement that makes images perceived as clearer and more resolved and so is more effective for higher resolution displays. We observe that the local variant signal enhancement makes images more vivid, and the more revealed granular signals harmonically embedded on the local variant signals make images more resolved. Based on this observation, we develop a method that not only emphasizes the local variant signals by scaling up the frequency energy in accordance with human visual perception, but also strengths up the granular signals by embedding the alpha-rooting enhanced frequency components. The proposed energy scaling method emphasizes the detail signals in texture images and rarely boosts noisy signals in plain images. In addition, to avoid the local ringing artifact, the proposed method adjusts the enhancement direction to be parallel to the underlying image signal direction. It was verified through the subjective and objective quality evaluations that the developed method makes images perceived as clearer and highly resolved.
Plan-Design, Construction, Performance, and Renovation Criteria for Sustainable Buildings: Data Review
Authors: Chan Puthearath , Khoeng Khemony , Ung Hang Kheang , Tang Teksim , Eung Kimsong , Uth Suysoklin , Meng Sovanrany , Sun Leng , Em Sereyphut , Toum Hon , Phok Oudomkitya , Sry Ratha , Mok Limdavid , Lo Rothvisal , Vat Chanmakara , Phay Sunleng , Hor Otdom , Cheath Chey Vithyea , Lim Mengheang , An Pichbormey , Sareun Mardy , Sot Sothet , Va Sievminh , Chea Yiheang , Piseth Molly Ratana
Published: August 2021

Published data or available literature on planning, design, construction, performance, and renovation criteria for sustainable buildings have been focused on some stages, such as design and construction stages, or some parts of each stage due to a limited number of collaborative scholars or the scope of their research. These data usually have been published scattered or partially presented in many different papers―there have not been any papers published these data, all-stage ‘plandesign, construction, performance, and renovation’ criteria, together. Hence, this paper aims to collect and review these data and publish them together. The data collection and review were conducted by our team, 25 members, who specialized in sustainable urban, architectural, and civil engineering and construction management. The review outputs were combined and then validated based on a group consensus. This consensus-based validation proceeded through several times of meetings. These meetings extensively discussed the relevance and importance of the validated data (main criteria and sub-criteria, including their descriptions, of sustainable building in all stages) and more focused on their importance and applicability to the Cambodian context. The collective and review data demonstrated in this paper would be useful to researchers in the fields. They could also be useful collective knowledge and information for policymakers from the governments and development partners, as well as for architecture and building construction companies.
Baseline Concentrations of 11 Elements as a Function of Land Uses in Surface Soils of the Katangese Copperbelt Area (D.R. Congo)
Authors: Tushiminine Mpinda Martin , Ngobola Kisimba Tresor , Mulembo Mwamba Theodore , Lenge Mukonzo Kasongo Emery , Tshamala Kaniki Arthur , Bazirake Mujinya Basile
Published: August 2021

The Katangese Copperbelt area (KCA) located south-eastern of D.R. Congo presents high concentration of metal trace elements (MTE) in several soils due to a rich natural geochemical background, and intense mining activities, causing serious health issues to humans and animals. However, the lack of data on specific baseline concentrations makes it difficult to properly assess and monitor the environmental quality of soils in the region. In this study, the baseline concentration of 11 potentially toxic MTE (i.e., Mn, Zn, Cu, Co, Cr, Pb, Cd, Ti, Ni, Al, and Fe) was assessed in topsoils of the KCA, and the possible influence of land uses (croplands, forest and mining areas) was examined. Result delineated clear variability of metal concentrations across land uses. The highest concentrations of Cu and Zn found in mining areas than croplands and forests demonstrated a prevalent influence of mining activities in altering the natural background of metals concentrations in the region. By contrast, croplands and forests shared a similar trend of Al and Mn contents, suggesting a mild influence on agricultural activity. Intriguingly, however, higher Cu and Co contents were found in forests compared to croplands. For all the three studied land uses allocation, no straightforward relation was found between metal concentrations and soil total acidity. This study provides valuable information for legislative purposes and for soil quality reference values.
Carotenoid Cleavage Dioxygenase Genes of Chimonanthus praecox, CpCCD7 and CpCCD8, Regulate Shoot Branching in Arabidopsis
Authors: Wang Xia , Liu Daofeng , Lin Jie , Zhu Ting , Liu Ning , Yang Ximeng , Ma Jing , Sui Shunzhao
Published: August 2021

Strigolactones (SLs) regulate plant shoot development by inhibiting axillary bud growth and branching. However, the role of SLs in wintersweet (Chimonanthus praecox) shoot branching remains unknown. Here, we identified and isolated two wintersweet genes, CCD7 and CCD8, in-volved in the SL biosynthetic pathway. Quantitative real-time PCR revealed that CpCCD7 and CpCCD8 were down-regulated in wintersweet during branching. When new shoots were formed, expression levels of CpCCD7 and CpCCD8 were almost the same as the control (un-decapitation). CpCCD7 was expressed in all tissues, with the highest expression in shoot tips and roots, while CpCCD8 showed the highest expression in roots. Both CpCCD7 and CpCCD8 localized to chloroplasts in Arabidopsis. CpCCD7 and CpCCD8 overexpression restored the phenotypes of branching mutant max3-9 and max4-1, respectively. CpCCD7 overexpression reduced the rosette branch number, whereas CpCCD8 overexpression lines showed no phenotypic differences compared with wild-type plants. Additionally, the expression of AtBRC1 was significantly up-regulated in transgenic lines, indicating that two CpCCD genes functioned similarly to the homologous genes of the Arabidopsis. Overall, our study demonstrates that CpCCD7 and CpCCD8 exhibit conserved functions in the CCD pathway, which controls shoot development in wintersweet. This research provides a molecular and theoretical basis for further understanding branch development in wintersweet.
Integrating Digital Health Technology to Alleviate Caregiver Burden
Authors:   ,   University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Hunt Patricia
Published: August 2021

The elder population in our country is growing at an exponential pace. Studies have shown that elders who are aged 80 years and older are projected to suffer from age related issues such as Alzheimer’s, dementia, and osteoporosis and will need assistance with Long Term Services and Support (LTSS). Additionally, many elders are also projected to suffer from more severe chronic illnesses such as diabetes, cancer, and heart related illnesses. Because many of these elders are aging in place, residing in their own homes, they will require the services of at home assistance, which high probability will be a neighbor, friend, or family member, serving in the role as an informal caregiver. As the pace of elders increasingly outnumbers informal caregivers, strategic methods must be evaluated, researched, and implemented to ensure caregivers are not becoming overwhelmed and contributing to our chronic health population due to caregiver burden, and to also ensure informal caregivers have the appropriate level of holistic support (emotionally, physically, financially, and spiritually) needed to provide adequate care to our aging population. This paper will focus on the emergence of digital health technology and how it can be beneficial to informal caregivers and care recipients.
Interpreting Core Competencies of English as a Subject in China
Authors: Ma Juan
Published: August 2021

The proposal of core competencies of English subject conforms to the goal for talent training, which puts forward higher requirements for English teaching. The core competencies of English subject include language ability, learning ability, thinking quality and cultural awareness. It emphasizes the development of students' core competencies, the cultivation of students' correct values and attitudes, and the realization of the educational value of English subject. Interpretation of the core competencies of English subject helps teachers to grasp teaching better and deeply, which will be useful for teachers to clearly apply the theories into teaching design, so as to achieve the purpose of educating people in English subject. This article interprets the core competencies of English subject in China and explains the meaning of related concepts: activity view on English learning and English subject ability. On this basis, this thesis will take a teaching design of a reading text in unit 5 in the 4th compulsory English book for senior high school students published by People’s Education Press as an example, to illustrate the realization of the core competencies of English as a subject in senior high school English reading teaching, which aims to provide enlightenment for teachers’ English reading teaching in senior high school in China.
Complications of Hardware Removal
Authors: Kellam Patrick J. , Harrast John , Weinberg Maxwell , Martin David F. , Davidson Nathan P. , Saltzman Charles L.
Published: August 2021

Background:

While hardware removal may improve patient function, the procedure carries risks of unexpected outcomes. Despite being among the most commonly performed orthopaedic procedures, scant attention has been given to its complication profile.

Methods:

We queried the American Board of Orthopaedic Surgery (ABOS) de-identified database of Part II surgical case lists from 2013 through 2019 for American Medical Association Current Procedural Terminology (CPT) implant-removal codes (20680, 20670, 22850, 22852, 22855, 26320). Hardware removal procedures that were performed without any other concurrent procedure (“HR-only procedures”) were examined for associated complications.

Results:

In the 7 years analyzed, 13,089 HR-only procedures were performed, representing 2.1% (95% confidence interval [CI], 2.1% to 2.2%) of the total of 609,150 surgical procedures during that period. A complication was reported to have occurred in association with 1,256 procedures (9.6% [95% CI, 9.1% to 10.1%]), with surgical complications reported in association with 1,151 procedures (8.8% [95% CI, 8.3% to 9.3%]) and medical/anesthetic complications reported in association with 196 procedures (1.5% [95% CI, 1.3% to 1.7%]). Wound-healing delay/failure (2.1% [95% CI, 1.8% to 2.3%]) and infection (1.6% [95% CI, 1.4% to 1.8%]) were among the most commonly reported complications after HR-only procedures, but other serious events were reported as well, including unexpected reoperations (2.5% [95% CI, 2.2% to 2.7%]), unexpected readmissions (1.6% [95% CI, 1.4% to 1.8%]), continuing pain (95% CI, 1.2% [1.0% to 1.4%]), nerve injury (0.6% [95% CI, 0.4% to 0.7%]), bone fracture (0.5% [95% CI, 0.4% to 0.6%]), and life-threatening complications (0.4% [95% CI, 0.3% to 0.5%]).

Conclusions:

Hardware removal is one of the most commonly performed orthopaedic procedures and was associated with an overall complication rate of 9.6% (95% CI, 9.1% to 10.1%) in a cohort of recently trained orthopaedic surgeons in the United States. Although specific complications such as infection, refractures, and nerve damage were reported to have relatively low rates of occurrence, and associated life-threatening complications occurred rarely, surgeons and patients should be aware that hardware removal carries a definite risk.

Level of Evidence:

Therapeutic Level IV. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Are Patient Linguistic Tones Associated with Mental Health and Perceived Clinician Empathy?
Authors: Al Salman Aresh , Kim Ashley , Mercado Amelia , Ring David , Doornberg Job , Fatehi Amirreza , Crijns Tom J.
Published: August 2021

Background:

Musculoskeletal specialists have the expertise to distinguish between (1) symptoms that correspond well with observed pathophysiology and (2) disproportionate or incongruent symptoms that may suggest mental and social health opportunities. There is evidence that patient verbal and nonverbal communication can help with this discernment. This study carried this line of research one step further by addressing whether patient linguistic tones, as assessed with use of Linguistic Inquiry and Word Count (LIWC), are associated with symptoms of depression and health anxiety. We also sought associations between both patient and clinician linguistic tones and patient-perceived clinician empathy.

Methods:

A secondary analysis of transcripts of video and audio recordings of 109 adult patients seeking musculoskeletal specialty care was performed. Patients also completed questionnaires quantifying symptoms of depression (PROMIS [Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System] Depression computerized adaptive test), self-efficacy when in pain (Pain Self-Efficacy Questionnaire, 2-question version), symptoms of health anxiety (5-item Short Health Anxiety Inventory [SHAI-5]), and perceived clinician empathy (Jefferson Scale of Patient Perceptions of Physician Empathy [JSPPPE]). LIWC was used to detect the relative strength of various emotional tones, cognitive processes, and core drives and needs. Bivariate and multivariable regression analyses sought factors associated with symptoms of depression, symptoms of health anxiety, and patient perception of clinician empathy.

Results:

After accounting for demographic variables, there were no specific patient linguistic tones (e.g., sadness, positive emotions, negative emotions, anger, and the use of adjectives) associated with health anxiety and symptoms of depression, pain, self-efficacy, and patient-perceived clinician empathy. There were no clinician linguistic tones associated with perceived clinician empathy. There was no relationship between the sum of emotional words and symptoms of depression.

Conclusions:

Musculoskeletal specialists cannot depend on people experiencing symptoms of psychological distress to verbally express their feelings.

Clinical Relevance:

Specialists may be more likely to identify important symptoms of psychological distress if they anticipate lower emotional expressiveness and are attentive to specific words, concepts, and mannerisms known to be associated with distress.
Traumatic Enthesophyte From a Chronic Pectoralis Major Tendon Rupture
Authors: Nadig Nischal , Jaber Jamil , Cameron Craig , Antosh Ivan
Published: August 2021

Case:

A 24-year-old active duty soldier with a chronic pectoralis major tendon rupture presented a year later with a bony lesion consistent with an enthesophyte at the humeral insertion. The patient continued to have pain that was affecting his activities of daily living and underwent surgical intervention.

Conclusion:

Operative management with enthesophyte excision and pectoralis major tendon repair provided relief to the patient's symptoms and return to preinjury levels of function as evaluated with Tegner, single assessment numeric evaluation, and visual analog scale scores at the 2-year follow-up.
Intraoperative Fracture of a Dual Modular Delta Ceramic Femoral Head During Total Hip Arthroplasty
Authors: Salmons Harold I. , Ryan Sean P. , Trousdale Robert T.
Published: August 2021

Case:

A 39-year-old man with cerebral palsy and hip dysplasia status post right Chiari osteotomy presented with right hip osteoarthritis in consultation for total hip arthroplasty (THA). During THA, a Delta ceramic head was misaligned on the taper, but this was obscured by an overlying dual modular polyethylene shell. When we attempted to tap the head onto the taper, fracture occurred requiring revision to a cobalt-chromium head due to slight taper damage.

Conclusion:

To our knowledge, this is the first reported case of intraoperative fracture of a BIOLOX Delta dual modular head.
Microcrystalline Cellulose Generation from Laboratory Cotton Waste and Conventional Characterizations
Authors: Yuen Tan Wan , Gopinath Subash C.B. , Anbu Periasamy , Lakshmipriya Thangavel , Gunny Ahmad Anas Nagoor , Yaakub Ahmad Radi Wan , Chen Yeng , Subramaniam Sreeramanan
Published: August 2021

Microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) is a green material that has widespread applications in pharmaceuticals, food, cosmetics, and other industries owing to its biocompatibility, biodegradability, hydrophilicity, and acid-insolubility. Therefore, this study presented a simple, fast, and cost-effective approach for preparing MCC from laboratory cotton via alkaline treatment and sulfuric acid hydrolysis. Further, the synthesized cotton-based MCC was characterized using FTIR, XPS, and EDX. Based on these results, the major components were identified as carbon and oxygen. This finding was evidenced by the FTIR analysis, which displayed peak wavelength at 3446.94 cm− 1, 2891.11 cm− 1, 1649.50 cm− 1, 1380.1 cm− 1, 1061.19 cm− 1, and 1050–1150 cm− 1. The surface morphology was also examined by FESEM and FETEM, which showed that the prepared MCC has a smooth surface and a consistent, rod-like shape. In addition, the MCC exhibited the typical diffraction peaks of a crystalline structure of cellulose II at 12.2°, 20°, and 22.03°, which correspond to the diffraction planes of 1–10, 110, and 020, respectively, and had a crystallinity index of 78.7%. Moreover, the prepared MCC had a diameter of 37.80 µm and exhibited good stability with a peak at -76.51 mV. Further, the cotton-based MCC exhibited high thermal stability, as revealed by the TGA.
Sanctions and international interaction improve cooperation to avert climate change
Authors: Grimalda Gianluca , Belianin Alexis , Hennig-Schmidt Heike , Requate Till , Ryzhkova Marina
Published: August 2021

Imposing sanctions on noncompliant parties to international agreements is often advocated as a remedy for international cooperation failure, notably in climate agreements. We provide an experimental test of this conjecture in a collective-risk social dilemma simulating the effort to avoid catastrophic climate change. We involve groups of participants from two cultural areas that were shown to achieve different levels of cooperation nationally when peer-level sanctions were available. Here we show that, while this result still holds nationally, international interaction backed by sanctions is overall beneficial. Cooperation by low cooperator groups increases in comparison with national cooperation and converges to the cooperation levels of high cooperation groups. While such an increase is small without sanctions, it becomes sizable when sanctions are imposed. Revealing or hiding counterparts’ nationality does not affect results. Our study supports the proposal to use sanctions to support international cooperation to avert collective risk such as climate change.
Spatiotemporal control of the bacteria to express interferon-γ by focused ultrasound for tumor immunotherapy
Authors: Chen Yuhao , Du Meng , Yuan Zhen , Yan Fei , Chen Zhiyi
Published: August 2021

Bacteria-based tumor therapy has recently attracted wide attentions due to its unique capability in targeting tumors and preferentially colonizing the core area of the tumor. Various therapeutic genes were also harbored into these engineering bacteria to enhance their anti-tumor efficacy. However, it is difficult to spatiotemporally control the expression of these inserted genes in the tumor site. Here, we engineered an ultrasound-responsive bacterium (URB) which can induce the expression of exogenous genes in an ultrasound-controllable manner. Owing to the advantage of ultrasound in the tissue penetration, energy focusing into heating, an acoustic remote control of bacterial gene expression can be realized by designing a temperature-actuated genetic switch. Cytokine interferon-γ (IFN-γ), an important immune regulatory molecule that plays a significant role in tumor immunotherapy, was used to test the system. Our results showed a brief hyperthermia by focused ultrasound successfully induced the expression of IFN-γ gene, significantly improving anti-tumor efficacy of URB in vitro and in vivo. Our study provided a novel strategy for bacteria-mediated tumor immunotherapy.
Analysis of the prognostic significance and potential mechanisms of lncRNAs associated with m6A methylation in papillary thyroid carcinoma
Authors: Huang Yinde , Li Xin , Chen Wenbin , He Yuzhen , Wu Song , Li Xinyang , Hou Bingchen , Wang Shiyue , He Yuchen , Jiang Han , Lun Yu , Zhang Jian
Published: August 2021

Background : m6A methylation-related long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) play a significant role in the progression of various tumors and can be used as prognostic markers. However, whether m6A-related lncRNAs also play the same function as prognostic markers in papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) remains unclear. Methods : Consensus cluster analysis was performed to divide PTC samples obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas database into two clusters according to the expression of m6A-related lncRNAs. Then, the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression analysis was performed to create and verify a prognostic model. Furthermore, the relationship among risk scores, clusters, programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1), tumor microenvironment (TME), clinicopathological characteristics, immune infiltration, immune checkpoint, and tumor mutation burden (TMB) was analyzed. In addition, a nomogram was created, and subsequently, the drug sensitivity of lncRNAs in the prognostic model was analyzed. Finally, the relationship between these lncRNAs and prognosis in pan-cancer was investigated. Results: The prognosis, RAS, BRAF, M, and TME were found to be different in two clusters. The prognostic model included three lncRNAs: PSMG3-AS1 , BHLHE40-AS1 , and AC016747.3 . The risk score was associated with clusters, PD-L1, tumor microenvironment, clinicopathological characteristics, immune cell infiltration, immune checkpoint, and TMB, and thus, risk score was confirmed as useful prognostic indicators. Differentially expressed lncRNAs are involved in many malignancies and can be identified as cancer prognostic makers. Conclusion : According to our research, we can regard m6A-related lncRNAs involved in the procession of PTC as a biomarker of PFS for PTC patients, and pan-cancer.
Memory predicted self-care maintenance in patients with heart failure among cognitive functions: Results from a structural equation model
Authors: Kim JinShil , Kim Sun Hwa , Shim Jae Lan , Hwang Seon Young
Published: August 2021

Background: To explain the direction of specific cognitive function training that could prevent potential self-care deficits, the cognitive domain that affects self-care behaviours in patients with heart failure (HF) should be identified. This study aimed to confirm the relationship between major potential variables affecting self-care maintenance behaviours of patients with HF. The study also aimed to determine which cognitive domain predicts self-care maintenance among patients with HF. Methods: This descriptive study involved a secondary analysis using data of 201 patients with HF from two observational studies in three Korean hospitals. The structural equation model using AMOS version 24.0 was constructed to assess the relationships among the variables. The Seoul Neuropsychological Screening Battery was used to assess global cognition, immediate/delayed memory, and executive function, and the Self-Care of Heart Failure Index v.6.2. was used for self-care confidence and maintenance. Results: Self-care maintenance was affected by memory function with a significant direct effect (β=.43, p=.006), as well as self-care confidence (β=.70, p<.001). Memory function and global function indirectly affected self-care maintenance through self-care confidence (β=-.37, p=.002; β=.14, p=.030). Depressive symptoms also had an indirect effect through self-care confidence on self-care maintenance (β=-.21, p=.005). Conclusion: This study confirmed the need for periodic simple screening of the memory function and training to raise it in patients with HF, enhancing their self-care behaviours. It also suggests that supportive intervention is needed to enhance self-confidence as a mediator.
Studying C-reactive protein and D-dimer levels in blood may prevent severe complications in Bangladeshi COVID-19 patients
Authors: Sultana Gazi Nurun Nahar , Shrivastava Anshika , Akhtaar Khalida , Singh Prajjval Pratap , Islam Anarul , Rahman Fazlur , Chaubey Gyaneshwer
Published: August 2021

The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic has been a scientific, medical and social challenge. Since clinical course of this disease is largely unpredictable and can develop rapidly causing severe complications, it is important to identify laboratory biomarkers which may help to classify patient’s severity during initial stage. Previous studies have suggested C - reactive protein (inflammatory) and D-dimer (biochemical) as an effective biomarker. The differential severity in patients across the world and our limited understanding in the progression of the disease calls for a multi-country analysis for biomarkers. Therefore, we have analyzed these biomarkers among 228 Bangladeshi COVID-19 patients. We show significant association of COVID-19 severity with these two biomarkers. Thus, we suggest using these biomarkers for Bangladeshi COVID-19 patients for disease monitoring. Such validated preventive measures may decrease the case fatality ratio substantially.
Water treatment with CoZnAl-LDH and its mixed metal oxide
Authors: Sharifi-Bonab Mina , Aber Soheil , Salari Dariush , Khodam Fatemeh
Published: August 2021

CoZnAl-layered double hydroxide (LDH) was synthesized by homogeneous co-precipitation. CoZnAl-Mixed Metal Oxide (MMO) was prepared by calcining the LDH. The samples' structure and morphology were studied by analytical techniques including X-ray diffraction, N2 adsorption-desorption isotherm, scanning electron microscopy and UV–visible spectroscopy. Acid orange 7 (AO7) adsorption by as-prepared samples was studied. CoZnAl-MMO showed 526.32 mg/g adsorption capacity, higher than that of CoZnAl-LDH, 243.9 mg/g. Kinetic studies confirmed the pseudo-second-order and pseudo-first-order AO7 adsorption kinetics of the LDH and MMO, respectively. AO7 adsorption onto both LDH and MMO fitted the Langmuir isotherm model well. Band gap calculation confirmed the ability of this nano-MMO to operate in the visible light region. It displayed synergetic adsorption-photocatalytic performance under visible light and the removal efficiency was about 97%.
Preparation of activated charcoal adsorbent from pitombeira seeds (Talisia esculenta) and its application for Ca2+ ions removal
Authors: Mendonça J. C. , Cantanhede L. B. , Rojas M. O. A. I. , Rangel J. H. G. , Bezerra C. W. B.
Published: August 2021

Water quality that the population has access to can undergo a series of changes, contaminations and interferences. Poor water quality may be related to several contamination sources and can pose a health risk for the ecosystem and for people. The calcium ion is a determinant of water hardness, and its excess in the human body can result in a series of complications and diseases such as renal and bladder lithiasis. The seeds of the pitombeira (Talisia esculenta) were used to produce phosphoric acid activated carbon (PAC). Adsorption studies were conducted by batch technique, and isothermal and kinetic models were systematically used to evaluate the potential of PAC to remove Ca2+ ions from aqueous media. The adsorbent was characterized using BET surface area (141.6 m2/g), SEM, pHPZC (2.75), Boehm titration, and by content analysis of the moisture and ashes. The time required for the system to equilibrate was only 5 min. According to the kinetics study, the data were best fitted by the pseudo-second-order model, while the equilibrium sorption data fitted well with the Freundlich model, with a maximum adsorption capacity of 19.05 mg/g, with 90% of Ca2+ ions removal. Therefore, due to its efficiency and low cost, PAC could be employed as an alternative adsorbent for Ca2+ removal.