bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Introduce a Tool to Assess the Understanding of the Early Warning System in High-Risk Organizations
Authors: Mehri Hamidreza , Sepahi Zoeram Faeze , Majidpour Fatemeh , Anbari Nogyni Zainab , Jafari Nodoushan Reza
Published: October 2020

Background: Although early warning system processes follow precise models and scenarios, the human part is not fully understood. Most people before and during crises, act according to their interpretive plans, sometimes when the situation may not be dangerous, but can lead to dangerous reactions. The purpose of this study was to provide an indicator that can be used to assess people's understanding of early warning systems.
Methods: This study is a descriptive-analytical study that was conducted in 2019 in a gas refinery in Iran. In the first step, the Perception Index questionnaire was translated into Persian with the help of English language experts. In the next step, the validity and reliability of the questionnaire were assessed. The questionnaires were distributed and completed among 168 refinery personnel. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS software version 24, and Pearson and Spearman correlation coefficients were determined by statistical tests.
Results: The content validity index was 0.8, and the content validity ratio was 0.66. The general index of perception of the rapid warning system in this industry was 71.74 percent. Pearson correlation test did not show a significant correlation between age and perception index (r = 0.060), and also this test showed a positive correlation between perception index and work experience (r = 0.691). Spearman test was used to examine the relationship between two variables of education level and perception index. The results showed that there was a strong correlation between these two variables (rho = 0.746).
Conclusion: The results showed that the perception index in this questionnaire has high validity and reliability and can be used in high-risk industries. The general perception index gained in this industry was in good condition, which means that people are more likely to be well aware at the time of an accident and will behave appropriately. However, it is suggested that the managers of the industry understudy hold training classes related to the early warning systems, hold emergency maneuvers, and familiarize the personnel with different scenarios.
Orthodontics as a Therapeutic Tool for Managing Sleep Apnea: A Systematic Review
Authors: Mirhashemi AmirHossein , Arab Sepideh , Bahrami Rashin
Published: October 2020

Background and Objective: sleep apnea is a disorder in which the person's breathing is interrupted periodically at night due to the physical blockage of the airway. Determining the best way to treat their sleep disorders requires careful studies, tests, counseling and various examinations. Orthodontics is the best way to get a patient to have oral equipment. The use of orthodontic equipment is a non-surgical and effective treatment for mild to moderate sleep apnea. The aim at this study is a systematic review and meta-analysis of orthodontics as a therapeutic tool for managing sleep apnea.
Methods:  At first, all the papers (n=112) related to keywords (orthodontics therapeutic tools  and sleep apnea) were searched for English databases; Google, Google scholar, PubMed, Embase, CINAHL, PsycInfo, and Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews covering the period from 2010 through 2019 was studied. Then, papers related to orthodontics therapeutic tools of sleep apnea were selected and analyzed (n=8).As a result to inclusion and exclusion criteria, papers related to orthodontics therapeutic tools of sleepapnea were found and analyzed (n=8). Predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria were:  papers related to orthodontics therapeutic tools of sleepapnea, papers were English,  papers were original and all the papers were free full text.
Results: In the initial search, 112 papers were found that after reviewing the titles and abstract articles and removing repetitive and non-related ones, 26 possible related articles were investigated. Of these, 18 papers were omitted from the abstract because of lack of access to the original article and lack of sufficient information. Finally, 8 papers were included in the study. Data were collected based on study characteristics, measures of orthodontics therapeutic tools, prevalence rates and factors associated with sleep apnea. Orthodontics therapeutic tools for sleep apnea are very important and can play very significant role in health improvement. So, paying more attention to benefits of orthodontics therapeutic tools in sleep apnea is necessary. On important points is the orthodontist’s active role play in screening the patients for this disease and advice oral appliance therapy, if needed.
Conclusion: The most effective treatment for sleep apnea and snoring is orthodontics therapeutic tools. Orthodontics therapeutic tools are effective treatments for sleep apnea, snoring and night snoring. Orthodontics therapeutic tools are low cost, easy to use, portable and need little maintenance.
Recurrent maxillary ameloblastoma: A case report
Authors: Azadi Mahdi , Mohammadi Farnoosh , Hajiani Narges
Published: October 2020

Ameloblastoma is one of the most common types of oral odontogenic tumors. As per literature, ameloblastoma mostly occurs in the mandible butthe maxillary ameloblastoma has a more aggressive behavior due to anatomical features. Also,unicystic ameloblastoma may have lower recurrent rate. In this case report, we present a 60-year-old male patient with a history of unicystic ameloblastoma, whichtheintraluminaladenomatoid odontogenic tumor excisional biopsy surgery was performed but the patient didn’t follow the treatment completely, and after two years he came back with swellingof the right upper alveolar ridge. After the second surgery, the histopathologic report revealed a mixed plexiform-follicular ameloblastoma recurrence and it seemedthat previous surgery was not sufficient and more radical treatment is needed for the lesion
Nurses at the forefront of COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Lopez Violeta
Published: October 2020

The article's abstract is not available.
Integrating standardized patients into bioethics education for freshman nursing students
Authors: Cho Ok-Hee , Hwang Kyung-Hye
Published: October 2020

Background & Aim: Bioethics education nourishes consciousness in bioethics and influences the attitude and perception of death. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of bioethics education by employing standardized patients for freshmen nursing students.
Methods & Materials: A quasi-experimental single group pretest-posttest design was used to assess the effect of bioethics education employing standardized patients on 33 freshman nursing students’ perception of dignified death and empathy who took the course of bioethics of a university.
Results: The perception of dignified death appeared higher in post-education than pre-education, and the subdomain of personal distress under empathy appeared higher in post-education than pre-education. In regard to the replies on the question of “disclosure of diagnosed cancer”, 54.6% of respondents approved, while 90.9% expressed “it should be at the discretion of doctors.”
Conclusion: bioethics education employing standardized patients appeared assisting students experiencing changes in perception of a dignified death. It may be useful in applying the teaching module for students with courses in bioethics.
Synthesis of Novel Oxadiazole Derivatives, Molecular Properties Prediction and Molecular Docking Studies
Authors: KILIÇ KURT Zuhal
Published: October 2020

In this work, synthesis of novel 1,3,4-oxadiazole derivatives were reported. Good molecular properties proﬁle was predicted for the target compounds. In drug likeness prediction, compound 4b and 8b possess the highest score of 0.31 and 0.33, respectively. Since the compounds have good bioactivity scores as kinase inhibitor, possible interactions of compounds with VEGFR-2 kinase and probable binding conformations were evaluated by molecular docking. All compounds formed hydrogen bonding interactions with Asp1046 amino acid of key residues.
Del emprendimiento universitario hacia la preincubación: el caso del Talents and Innovation Forum (TIF)
Authors: Martínez Martínez Adriana
Published: October 2020

En la agenda de las universidades, el emprendimiento se encuentra como un tema prioritario. Sin embargo, la mayor parte de las veces los proyectos realizados por los estudiantes se quedan en el ámbito escolar. ¿Qué elementos son necesarios incorporar para transitar de un programa universitario de emprendimiento que genera proyectos escolares hacia uno que impulse la generación de proyectos viables y reales? En este artículo se analiza la evolución del programa de emprendimiento conocido como “Talents and Innovation Forum” (TIF) realizado, desde 2015, en una universidad mexicana. El objetivo de esta contribución es identificar los elementos que se incorporaron para que el TIF transitara de un programa de emprendimiento universitario ligado a un curso escolar hacia un programa de preincubacion con la participación voluntaria de los estudiantes y con la concreción de proyectos viables. La investigación fue de corte longitudinal y se utilizó la metodología del estudio de caso para analizar la evolución durante el periodo 2015 a 2019 del TIF, los instrumentos diseñados y aplicados fueron entrevistas en profundidad con actores clave y la “Encuesta de Percepción sobre el Emprendimiento e Incubación” aplicada a los ganadores de las tres últimas ediciones. Los resultados señalan que si bien el involucramiento de los estudiantes es fundamental, de mayor relevancia son tanto la formación practica para desarrollar las ideas como contar con el financiamiento para que los proyectos sean factibles. La limitación de esta contribución es que se enfoca en un estudio de caso, para una mayor comprensión del emprendimiento se debe realizar un estudio más exhaustivo.
Liana adaptation level to influence of adverse environmental factors in Saratov city
Authors:   Saratov State Vavilov Agrarian University, Zaigralova G.N. , Kalmykova A.L. ,   Saratov State Vavilov Agrarian University, Guseva E.A. ,   Saratov State Vavilov Agrarian University, Tereshkin A.V. ,   Saratov State Vavilov Agrarian University, Azarova O.V. ,   Saratov State Vavilov Agrarian University
Published: October 2020

The article is devoted to the actual topic of expansion of assortment of lianas in vertical gardening in Saratov by the use of introduced species of tree lianas from the Far East. Currently, the studied species: Actinidia arguta; Actinidia kolomikta; Ampelopsis aconitifolia; Schisandra chinensis; Menispermum dauricum — have been distributed in individual land use areas mainly as food crops. It is noted that the far Eastern species of lianas differ in a significant amplitude of biological tolerance of adaptation, have high frost resistance and immunity against diseases. The reason for including these species in the prospective assortment for use in urban plantations is given taking into account a comprehensive assessment of their drought resistance, heat resistance, and resistance to anthropogenic impact. All species are resistant to high summer air temperatures and insufficient humidity, which is typical for the climate of Saratov. The assessment of gas resistance of lianas is given in comparison with the results of studies previously conducted with respect to other species, which allows us to determine possible combinations of plants on landscaping sites. Ranking of species showed that the studied Far Eastern species of lianas have high and medium gas resistance. The obtained data give reason to recommend the studied lianas for use in plantings of various categories in Saratov, depending on the availability of care and air quality. To prevent damage to leaves and shoots by drought, as well as to improve the gas resistance of plants, it is recommended to conduct agro-measures that improve the water-air and food regime of soils in the growing areas.
Role of natural environment in cultural landscapes development and formation in Gurzuf city and in ICC «Artek» territory
Authors:   International Children’s Center «Artek», Leonov L.A.
Published: October 2020

The article considers the natural, historical and architectural features of the development of cultural landscapes of the ICC «Artek» territory. The analysis of the long history of this unique place on the southern coast of Crimea is presented. A brief analysis of the functional planning zones and a brief description of the existing buildings in Gurzuf and Artek are given. The relationship between the architectural and planning features of the camp territory is shown not only with the history of the development of this area, but also with its landscape features. The architectural features of the construction of a children's camp complex, inscribed in the surrounding natural landscape, are examined in detail. To illustrate the text material, 10 drawings are presented, 22 literary sources are given, conclusions are presented at the end of the article.
Preliminary generation young growth of mature and overmature light-coniferous plants in Osinsky forestry Perm region
Authors:   Ural State Forestry University, Opletaev A.S. , Zalesova E.S. ,   Ural State Forestry University, Belov L.A. ,   Ural State Forestry University, Ivanchinа L.A. ,   Ural State Forestry University
Published: October 2020

On the basis of forest inventory data of the main Osinsky forestry, an attempt was made to analyze light coniferous stands and the availability of mature and overmature trees of a preliminary generation among them. The basis of the research is the analysis of a high-performance database using SQL queries to determine statistically reliable information using spreadsheets and geographic information systems. It has been established that the share of light coniferous plantations in the forestry area of the coniferous-deciduous (mixed) forest area in the European part of the Russian Federation does not exceed 14 % of the total area covered by forest vegetation and they are mainly represented by middle-aged pine forests of growth class I with a full stand of 0,7. About 72 % of light coniferous stands grow in the type of forest conditions B2. The proportion of larch in the total area of light coniferous stands, not exceeding 0,5 %, was determined. They are predominantly represented by medium-density young growths and middle-aged stands of I and II growth class and are confined to the type of forest conditions C2. A rather high availability of undergrowth with preliminary generation was shown only 8,11 % of ripe and mature light coniferous plantations do not have undergrowth. Spruce dominates in the composition of the undergrowth of preliminary generation, which occurs in 88,72 % of the area of ripe and overmature pine trees, and its density exceeds 3700 % / ha by 37,6 %. A significant proportion of plantations with the presence of undergrowth of spruce in the types of forest conditions with poor dry, moist and wet sandy soils require the replacement of pine with its undergrowth in order to avoid changing light coniferous plantations to less productive dark coniferous ones. Pine growth occurs in 3,2 % of the area of ripe and mature light coniferous plantations, which necessitates measures to facilitate its accumulation. In particular, it is possible to recommend mineralization of the soil under the seed year for pine, which will further minimize the cost of artificial reforestation. Data on the availability of undergrowth by groups of forest types and relative completeness make it possible to optimize the regime of selective fellings.
Economic problems of forest management at current development stage
Authors:   Ural State Forestry University, Butko G.P. ,   Ural State Economic University
Published: October 2020

Research of problems of forest management, formation and development of forest management. Clarification of features in the system «management and planning in the field of use, protection and other functions of forests», according to the current Forest code of the Russian Federation and the concept «forest legislation of the Russian Federation based on the principles of sustainable forest management, conservation of their biological diversity and other useful functions of forests». From the point of view of the practice and system of strategic forest management, specific issues regarding forest management objects are highlighted. Analytical method for obtaining information about natural-historical and economic conditions of the area where the forest management object is located. Analysis of economic activities and study of past experience of forest management in the field of use, protection, protection and reproduction of forests. On the basis of the Forest code, allocated successive stages of forest management such as the design of forest areas and forest parks, the design of operational, protective and reserve forests, as well as the design of measures for the protection and reproduction of forests. Based on the theoretical review and analysis presented in the relationship of the system «results-costs», the main directions of development of forest management are determined. Scientific novelty. The scientific novelty consists in defining the concept of competitiveness of forest capital. Achieving competitive advantages is possible on the basis of sustainable development as a factor of ensuring economic stability. The structure of the forest management process includes progressive elements based on a balance between the growth and depletion of natural resources.
Influence of different types of sterile cytoplasms (A3, A4, 9E) on the combining ability of CMS lines of sorghum
Authors: Kibalnik O. P. , Elkonin L. A.
Published: October 2020

Investigation of the effect of the cytoplasm on the combining ability (CA) of lines with cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) is of considerable interest in terms of understanding the genetic functions of the cytoplasm and for practical purposes to create hybrids with improved economically valuable traits. In order to investigate the effect of different types of sterile cytoplasm (A3, A4, 9E) on CA in sorghum, we studied the manifestation of a number of biological and agronomic traits in 54 F1 hybrid combinations obtained using iso-nuclear CMS lines with the nuclear genome of the line Zheltozernoye 10, differing only in the types of sterile cytoplasm (A3, A4 and 9E). Eighteen varieties and lines of grain sorghum developed at the Russian Research and Project-technological Institute of Sorghum and Maize were used as paternal parents. The CA was determined by the topcross method. F1 hybrids and their parents were grown in 2015–2017 in conditions of insufficient (2015–2016: HTC (hydro-thermal coefficient) = 0.32–0.66), or good water availability conditions (2017: HTC = 1.00). On average, for three years of testing, a positive effect of the 9E cytoplasm on the general combining ability (GCA) (0.63) and negative effects of the A3 and A4 cytoplasms (–0.32 and –0.31) for the inflorescence length were noted. In dry seasons, significant positive effects of the 9E cytoplasm on GCA for the length of the largest leaf, and positive effects of the A3 cytoplasm on GCA for the plant height, and negative effects of the A4 cytoplasm on GCA for these traits were observed. No differences were observed during the wet season. The type of CMS did not affect the GCA for the width of the largest leaf and grain yield. The dispersion of specific combining ability (SCA) in the dry seasons was significant for the following traits: leaf length, plant height, panicle length and width, and grain yield, the 9E cytoplasm had the highest SCA dispersion, whereas the A4 cytoplasm had the smallest one. The data obtained indicate that different types of sterile cytoplasm of sorghum make a different contribution to CA under conditions of drought stress.
Identification of duplicate accessions in the sweet maize collection by means of zein electrophoresis
Authors: Sidorova V. V. , Kerv Yu. A. , Konarev A. V.
Published: October 2020

Of all the subspecies of Zea mays L. cultivated in the world, sweet maize is the most important for the global economy. The leading seed-growing companies and research institutions around the world are engaged in breeding this crop. To meet the increasing demands of the industry to grain quality, it is important to select appropriate local varieties and lines for hybridization. Local (usually heterogeneous) varieties are a valuable source material for creating self-pollinated lines that contribute to a significant broadening of the genetic base of parental forms used in breeding. The advantages of sweet maize varieties and the interest of the food industry in them make it possible to consider accessions from the maize collection of the N.I. Vavilov Institute (VIR) as a potentially valuable source material for breeding. The present research concentrated on 19 local sweet maize varieties with different grain colors from the VIR collection, that is, 9 varieties with the blue color of ripe grain, 4 with white (colorless) grain, 3 with yellow, and 3 with red. The research included an analysis of zein electrophoretic patterns (protein markers); a study of their biotype composition and the nature of genetic polymorphism, as well as the creation of a protein pattern database for each accession. For a series of accessions with the same varietal name, but different catalog numbers, the degree of their identity was determined from their biotype composition in order to exclude duplication. Zein electrophoresis was carried out in vertical plates of 10 % polyacrylamide gel according to the standard ISTA technique developed with the participation of the Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department of VIR. Zein patterns were used for the first time to electrophoretically study sweet maize varieties with different grain colors. Unique zein patterns were established for all the accessions studied, which makes possible their identification by specific marker components. The results of this work characterize zein electrophoresis as a useful tool for the identification and registration of duplicate accessions in the VIR collection of sweet maize varieties.
A permanência do pensamento de Celso Furtado
Authors: Suzigan Wilson , Garcia Renato de Castro
Published: October 2020

Comemora-se em 2020 o centenário de Celso Furtado, e a RBI presta aqui sua homenagem a esse grande brasileiro. Celso Furtado pensou o Brasil de forma interdisciplinar e expressou sua interpretação por meio de uma obra coerente com sua preocupação principal: a superação do subdesenvolvimento. Essa obra inspirou e nutriu o debate sobre o Brasil por toda a segunda metade do século XX, e continua viva no questionamento atual sobre por que o país continua subdesenvolvido, a despeito dos avanços alcançados pela estrutura produtiva e do aumento da renda.
Mineralización del complejo estilohioideo en una población de Cuenca-Ecuador
Authors: Castro-Espinoza Erika , Vidal-Dávila Tatiana , Barzallo-Sardi Vinicio , Villavicencio-Caparó Ebingen , Verdugo-Tinitana Verónica
Published: October 2020

El complejo estilohioideo es una estructura ósea y ligamentosa, formada por varias entidades anatómicas como: la apóﬁsis estiloides, el ligamento estilohioideo y el cuerno menor del hioides. La apóﬁsis estiloides se origina en la porción timpánica del hueso temporal y mide en promedio 25 mm; en ocasiones puede encontrarse aumentada en longitud, situación que puede o no manifestarse con dolor. Objetivo: determinar la prevalencia de mineralización del complejo estilohioideo de pacientes de Ecuador mediante radiografías panorámicas digitales. Material y Métodos: Para ello se analizaron 2025 radiografías panorámicas digitales de pacientes de ambos sexos, de edades entre 12 a 92 años, del período comprendido entre los años 2015-2016. Se consideró como complejo estilohioideo mineralizado, cuando este sobrepasaba los 25mm. Resultados: Se observaron 2025 radiografías panorámicas,de las cuales 1206 (59,6%) radiografías, mostraron algún tipo de mineralización del complejo estilohioideo. De estas 1288 (63,6%) pertenecen al sexo femenino y 737 (36,4%) al sexo masculino. La presentación más frecuente fue bilateral. Además, se encontró que en los adultos mayores la prevalencia alcanzaba el 76%. Conclusiones: En el presente estudio se muestra que existe una alta prevalencia de mineralización del complejo estilohioideo en la población estudiada.
Adaptación de cofias Co-Cr fabricadas por colado por inducción y fusión selectiva láser en CAD/CAM con escaneo clínico
Authors: Spoljaric Muñoz María Alejandra , Pacheco-Cahuas María Daniela , Castillo Andamayo Diana Esmeralda , Quintana del Solar Martín Gilberto
Published: October 2020

La técnica de cera perdida colada por centrifugación por inducción (CPCI) y fusión selectiva láser (SLM) en diseño y fabricación asistida por computador (CAD/CAM) con escaneo clínico, son técnicas para fabricar coﬁas de Cobalto-Cromo (Co-Cr), poseen diferentes procesos de elaboración. Objetivo: Evaluar in vitro la adaptación marginal e interna de coﬁas metálicas de Co-Cr confeccionadas sobre una línea de terminación chámfer con la técnica CPCI y SLM en CAD/CAM con escaneo clínico. Material y Métodos: Se confeccionó un modelo maestro de forma de premolar de Co-Cr en CAD/ CAM con línea de terminación chamfer. Con un escáner clínico se escaneó el modelo maestro y se obtuvo 13 coﬁas Co-Cr fabricadas en SLM. Se tomaron impresiones para obtener modelos en yeso tipo IV donde se fabricaron 13 coﬁas de Co-Cr con técnica CPCI. La adaptación marginal e interna se evaluó usando la técnica de réplica de silicona, las muestras fueron divididas en segmentos: vestíbulo-palatino y mesio-distal y fueron evaluadas mediante estéreomicroscopio. Resultados: La discrepancia marginal e interna fueron menores para el grupo de CPCI en comparación a la técnica SLM en CAD/CAM con escaneo clínico. Además los resultados obtenidos para la adaptación marginal fueron menores a 120 μm y la adaptación interna menor a 350 μm para ambas técnicas. Conclusiones: La adaptación marginal e interna en la técnica CPCI en comparación con SLM en CAD/CAM con escaneo clínico fueron mejores con diferencia estadísticamente signiﬁcativa (p<0.05). Además los resultados obtenidos se encontraban dentro de los parámetros clínicamente aceptables.
Conditional Mixture Model and Its Application for Regression Model
Authors: Nguyen Loc
Published: October 2020

Expectation maximization (EM) algorithm is a powerful mathematical tool for estimating statistical parameter when data sample contains hidden part and observed part. EM is applied to learn finite mixture model in which the whole distribution of observed variable is finite sum of partial distributions. Coverage ratio of every partial distribution is specified by the probability of hidden variable. An application of mixture model is soft clustering in which cluster is modeled by hidden variable whereas each data point can be assigned to more than one cluster and degree of such assignment is represented by the probability of hidden variable. However, such probability in traditional mixture model is simplified as a parameter, which can cause loss of valuable information. Therefore, in this research I propose a so-called conditional mixture model (CMM) in which the probability of hidden variable is modeled as a full probabilistic density function (PDF) that owns individual parameter. CMM aims to improve power of mixture model. I also propose an application of CMM which is called adaptive regressive model (ARM). Traditional regression model is effective when data sample is scattered equally. If data points are grouped into clusters, regression model tries to learn a unified regression function which goes through all data points. Obviously, such unified function is not effective to evaluate response variable based on grouped data points. The concept “adaptive” of ARM means that ARM solves the ineffectiveness problem by selecting the best cluster of data points firstly and then evaluating response variable within such best cluster. In order words, ARM reduces estimation space of regression model so as to gain high accuracy in calculation.
Non-Cannabinoid Metabolites of Cannabis sativa with Therapeutic Potential
Authors: Lowe Henry , Steele Blair , Bryant Joseph , Toyang Ngeh , Ngwa Wilfred
Published: October 2020

The Cannabis plant (Cannabis sativa L.) produces an estimated 545 chemical compounds of different biogenetic classes. In addition to economic value, many of these phytochemicals have medicinal and physiological activity. The plant is most popularly known for its two most prominent and most studied secondary metabolites—
Δ9-Tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ9-THC) and Cannabidiol (CBD). Both Δ9-THC and CBD have a wide therapeutic window across many ailments and form part of a class of secondary metabolites called cannabinoids—of which approximately over 104 exist. This review will focus on non-cannabinoid metabolites of Cannabis sativa that also have therapeutic potential, some of which share medicinal properties similar to those of cannabinoids. The most notable of these non-cannabinoid phytochemicals are flavonoids and terpenes. We will also discuss future directions in cannabis research and development of cannabis-based pharmaceuticals. Caflanone, a flavonoid molecule with selective activity against the human viruses including the coronavirus SARS-COV2, and certain cancers, is one of the most promising non-cannabinoid molecules that is being advanced into clinical trials. As validated by thousands of years of the use of cannabis for medicinal purposes, vast anecdotal evidence abounds on the medicinal benefits of the plant. These benefits are attributed to the many phytochemicals in this plant, including non-cannabinoids. The most promising non-cannabinoids with potential to alleviate global disease burdens are discussed.
Depression, Anxiety and Stress among Health Care Professionals on Duty in COVID-19 Wards
Authors: Noor Afroz Maham , Hassan Syeda Maria , Bansari Kanwal , Siddiqui Humza Faisal , Irfan Sana , Ali Basma , Sohail Hamza , Batool Zoha , Khizar Memon Muhammad , Memon Sidra , Shaukat Faizan
Published: October 2020

Introduction: COVID-19 pandemic has affected HCPs in multiple way. It has caused psychological impact in form of anxiety, depression, and insomnia. In this study, we aim to study and compare the stress level, anxiety and depression among HCPs who are posted in special COVID-19 units with the HCPs who are not posted in COVID-19 units.Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in June 2020, at various hospitals of Karachi, Pakistan. All health care professionals (HCPs) were invited to participate. A total of 301 HCPs completed this study, who were divided into two groups; those who are posted in COVID-19 ward (Group A) and those who are not (Group B). Psychological Impact was English version of the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale - 21 (DASS-21).Results: In Group A, 70.5% had moderate, severe, or extremely severe depression compared to 49.2% in group B. In Group A, 75.4% had moderate, severe, or extremely severe anxiety compared to 44.7% in group B. In Group A, 80.3% had moderate, severe or extremely severe stress compared to 54.2% in group B. Anxiety, depression and stress were significantly higher in HCPs who were posted in COVID-19 ward compared to those who were not posted in COVID-19 wardConclusion: There was significantly higher anxiety, stress and depression in health care professionals posted in COVID-19 ward. Both the government and health care agencies should take responsibility for protecting the psychological well-being of health care communities all over the world and ensuring a healthy work environment.
The Self-Similarity of Industrial SAT Instances
Authors: Ansótegui Carlos , Bonet Maria Luisa , Giráldez-Cru Jesús , Levy Jordi
Published: October 2020

In the last years, we have witnessed a remarkable progress of algorithms solving Boolean satisfiability (SAT). The success of these algorithms has been especially relevant in a large number of industrial or real-world applications, for which these SAT solvers are nowadays an essential core part of their solving processes. Interestingly enough, these applications include a very diverse and heterogeneous range of domains, such as hardware verification, planning, and cryptography, among others. Unfortunately, the reasons of the good performance of these solvers on this variety of industrial benchmarks are not completely understood yet. Since SAT solvers’ efficiency is fundamental in various domains, obtaining a better understanding of these algorithms and the reasons of their good performance is crucial. In order to shed light on this question, SAT solvers are often viewed as complex systems with many interconnected components (e.g., conflict analysis and learning mechanism, database management, search restarts) interacting in many unpredictable ways. There is the common belief that the resulting emergent behavior of these complex systems takes advantage of a certain underlying structure of the SAT formula, which is shared by the majority of these industrial problems regardless the domain they come from. Recently, there have been some attempts of characterizing this structure under the lens of complex networks, with the purpose of better understanding the success of the solvers, and potentially improving them. In this paper, we analyze the structure of industrial SAT instances under the lens of self-similarity, and study how the execution of SAT solvers affect that structure. Many real-world graphs exhibit self-similar structure (with small fractal dimension), which means that after rescaling (replacing groups of nodes by a single node), the same kind of structure can be observed. In our analysis, in which we represent SAT instances as graphs, we observe that many industrial SAT formulas exhibit the same kind of structure. Moreover, we analyze how this structure evolves by effects of learning new clauses during the search. In particular, we observe that learned clauses usually contain variables that are close in the graph representation of the formula. This is, the learning mechanism tends to work locally. On the contrary, this learning mechanism on random SAT formulas –which do not exhibit any structure at all– is unable to generate these local clauses. This difference contributes to explain the success of modern SAT solvers on industrial problems.
Important Jamaican Medicinal Plants with Special Reference to their Antiviral Activity
Authors: Lowe Henry , Steele Blair , Bryant Joseph , Fouad Emadelden , Toyang Ngeh , Ngwa Wilfred
Published: October 2020

Plants have had historical significance in medicine since the beginning of civilization. The oldest medical pharmacopeias of the African, Arabian, and Asian countries solely utilize plants and herbs to treat pain, oral diseases, skin diseases, microbial infections, multiple types of cancers, reproductive disorders among a myriad of other ailments. The World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that over 65% of the world population solely utilize botanical preparations as medicine. Due to the abundance of plants, plant-derived medicines are more readily accessible, affordable, convenient, and have safer side-effect profiles than synthetic drugs. Plant-based decoctions have been a significant part of Jamaican traditional folklore medicine. Jamaica is of particular interest because it has approximately 52% of the established medicinal plants that exist on earth. This makes the island particularly welcoming for rigorous scientific research on the medicinal value of plants and the development of phytomedicine thereof. Viral infections like human immunodeficiency virus types 1 and 2 (HIV-1 and HIV-2), hepatitis virus B and C, influenza A virus, the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS CoV-2) have significant global burden. This is a review of some important Jamaican medicinal plants, with particular reference to their antiviral activity.
Bacteria Filtration Efficiency of Different Face Masks Worn during COVID-19 Pandemic in North-Eastern Tanzania: An In Vitro Study
Authors: Gnanamuttupulle Marianne , Ntundu Shilanaiman Hilary , Henke Oliver , Moshi Abias Anthon , Msuya David , Chilonga Kondo , Chugulu Samuel G.
Published: October 2020

Increased demand for wearing face masks, lack of surgical masks and N95 respirators during the coronavirus pandemic created alternative needs for cloth masks. Therefore, to determine filtration efficacy, reusability and duration of wearing new and hand washed cloth masks, the bacteria filtration efficacy was tested using Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. Cotton cloth masks; single layer without pleats and with pleats, double layer with canvas filter in the middle, double layer with stiff filter in the middle, double layer with pleats on both sides and locally made and imported surgical masks and N95 respirators were used. Bacterial suspension was sprayed over outer surface and swabbed from inner surface at 0hrs, 4thhr, 8thhr and 12thhr. Similar procedure was performed to hand washed and ironed cotton cloth masks. After 24 hours of incubation, single layer without pleats and with pleats had no filtration efficacy(0-100%). Double layer with stiff filter in the middle and double layer with pleats on both sides had higher filtration efficacy(99.96-100%), this filtration efficacy remained up to three occasions of hand washing with soap and water, conferring protection up to 12hours. Filtration efficacy of surgical masks made locally, imported and N95 respirators were 90-100%, 99.99-100%, and 99.99-100% respectively.
Evolución de la configuración microespacial de los servicios de consumo duradero en la zona metropolitana de la Ciudad de México, 1993-2013
Authors: Cruz Muñoz Fermín Alí
Published: October 2020

La organización territorial de los servicios de consumo duradero ha adquirido mayor trascendencia debido a la servicialización de la economía de las grandes metrópolis. El objetivo de este artículo es comprender la evolución de la distribución microespacial de los servicios de consumo duradero en la zona metropolitana de la Ciudad de México en el periodo de 1993 a 2013 y con ello la definición de la tendencia del patrón predominante bajo una perspectiva teórica del lugar central. La medición de la actividad económica se hizo a partir del valor agregado que ofrecieron los censos económicos a nivel de áreas geoestadísticas básicas. La distribución de este tipo de servicio ha mostrado una relativa estabilidad en la configuración policéntrica donde las vías de comunicación y distribución de la población han tenido un papel central para la localización de los nodos. Adicionalmente, se identificaron los microcambios en la actividad económica, que por su naturaleza de escala requieren de estudios más detallados para el entendimiento de los factores territoriales que los generan.
A Novel Method for Accurate Preoperative Templating for Total Hip Arthroplasty Using a Biplanar Digital Radiographic (EOS) System
Authors: Huang Jun , Zhu Ye , Ma Wenxia , Zhang Zhigang , Shi Weidong , Lin Jun
Published: October 2020

Background:

Accurate preoperative planning for total hip arthroplasty (THA) relies on conventional anteroposterior radiographs. The difficulty of determining the magnification factor of radiographs is a major limitation. Despite the use of markers for calibration, identifying the plane of the hip joint is a major challenge. The aim of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of a novel method for image calibration and preoperative planning in THA involving the use of a biplanar radiographic (EOS imaging) system and a self-designed coin device.

Methods:

Biplanar radiographs (with the self-designed coin device) and a conventional anteroposterior radiograph (with a coin) were made for 26 patients after primary THA. The agreement between the actual and calculated diameters for each method was assessed using the concordance correlation coefficient (CCC) and Bland-Altman plots. In addition, 15 patients undergoing primary THA were prospectively enrolled to evaluate the EOS imaging-based method (EOS method), with biplanar radiographs made with use of the coin device. The accuracy of the preoperative predicted size of the implants was evaluated.

Results:

Both the EOS and conventional anteroposterior radiograph-based methods were reliable in repeated measurements of the diameter of the artificial femoral head in the reproducibility study, with the average CCCs for both methods >0.990. The agreement between the actual and EOS-based calculated diameters of the artificial femoral head was excellent, with a CCC of >0.990, while the agreement was poor between the actual and anteroposterior radiograph-based calculated diameters, with a CCC of <0.75. The EOS method exhibited a lower absolute difference (0.09 ± 0.07 mm) between the actual and calculated diameters compared with conventional anteroposterior radiography (1.26 ± 0.86 mm) (p < 0.001). EOS-based preoperative plans also exhibited excellent performance on the accuracy of the planning of the cups and stems; only 1 patient (6.7%) had a final implanted cup that differed by 1 size from the predicted size. Two patients (13.3%) had final implanted stems that differed by 1 size from the predicted size, and for 1 patient (6.7%), the stem size was off by ≥2 sizes.

Conclusions:

We describe a novel and easy-to-use method for the accurate calibration of radiographs and preoperative planning for THA. The EOS method evaluated in this study is an alternative method for preoperative planning in clinical practice.
Lithofacies Classification and Distribution for Heterogeneous Channelized System Based on Neural Network Process: Case Study from Middle East Carbonate Reservoir
Authors: Al-Ali Ali , Stephen Karl , Shams Asghar
Published: October 2020

Characterization and prediction of channelized systems is significant for the exploration of hydrocarbon and reliable estimation of reservoir production. However, the precise prediction of the spatial distribution of its heterogeneity, is a challenging task in the inter-well region because of irregular channel patterns. With the accessibility of 3D or 4D seismic data, there has been great interest in using machine learning models for seismic reservoir characterization such as facies classification and determining the nonlinear relationship between reservoir properties and seismic attributes. This paper will mainly focus on the application of neural networks algorithm to predict the presence of different seismic facies in heterogeneous channelized reservoir.

Supervised artificial neural natural (ANN) algorithms is a robust classification tool that integrates multiple seismic attributes into a number of classes to recognize seismic facies. In the first scenario, based on the available data, core and logging data analysis is conducted on main carbonate reservoir zone to recognize the development phases of the channel. In the second scenario, for a target carbonate tidal channel facies, we considered an approaches that used to classify and predict seismic lithology. We build and train Probabilistic Neural Network (PNN) to predict quantitatively the facies of carbonate channelized zone and the passageways laterally. We further quantified the distribution of tidal channel characterization through an acoustic impedance volume and seismically derived porosity volume. The representativeness of the channelized facies was analysed through blind tests using well logs as well as core data.

The most significant findings of our work that the 3-D seismic facies classification maps generated from PNN using appropriate seismic attributes provides two different facies which identified in the channelized systems. These facies are channels and restricted lagoonal related to depositional phases and flooding surfaces intervals. Our work clearly demonstrates that a multi-step workflow is important for classification and characterization of heterogeneous channelized systems facies. The value of this study is also to provide an interpretation of complex carbonate tidal channels, with quantification of the impact on dynamic behavior in the main oil-bearing reservoir of the case study.
Application of Machine Learning in Offset Well Planning
Authors: Adlakha Khushal , Lyngvi Eirik , Larssen Nicholas Mowatt , Tvedt Magnus
Published: October 2020

Planning a well for safer and faster operations requires complex and experience-based decision making. In this aspect of the oil and gas industry, the main source of information is the limited amount of offset well data. The offset well data is spread across different domains which makes it more difficult to analyze in the stipulated period of time and in turn the quality of a planned well is always sub-optimum. The main objective of this study is to make use of machine learning and deep learning algorithms to increase the scope of offset well planning by analyzing a large number of wells efficiently. This approach represents an alternative workflow for offset well planning with a focus on data-driven KPI's (Key Performance Indicators). The significant KPI's that can be tracked is increased use of reference wells with a drastic reduction in time required for waiting and searching for data.

The area of this study is the Norwegian Continental Shelf (NCS) encompassing wells in the North Sea, the Norwegian Sea, and the Barents Sea. The dataset consists of around 4500 wells with high dimensionality features based on stratigraphy data and well path data (eg. top and bottom depth, thickness, azimuth, inclination etc.) for each well. A new methodology is discussed in this study that includes the use of deep learning algorithms i.e. Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) and non-linear algorithm for dimensionality reduction (t-Distributed Stochastic Neighbouring Entities and Uniform Manifold Approximation And Projection) on this high dimensional dataset.

The results of this study show that the reduced dimension data obtained from the above methodology is able to extract high-level features from the wells based on the input data/features. Obtained embeddings show the relative distance between the wells which can then be used to find how similar the wells are with respect to each other.

The value of the results obtained from this study can potentially increase the horizon for offset well planning by incorporating not just the nearby wells but all the wells from the corporate databases. This, in turn, tracks key KPI's and saves time by providing automated answers to the engineers.