bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ENCOURAGING AND DISCOURAGING TALK ABOUT ILLNESS PROGRESSION, DYING AND DEATH: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW OF COMMUNICATION RESEARCH
Authors: Parry R H , Land V , Seymour J
Published: February 2013

Introduction

Communicating with patients about their feelings and preferences for the future is a challenging element of palliative care. Useful evidence exists, but most is embedded in social-scientific rather than clinical research.

Aims and Methods

To collate evidence about communication practices used in addressing sensitive future issues, from studies where patient/professional conversations have been recorded and analysed. To inform communication policy, practice and training. This innovative systematic review spanned social science, clinical and linguistics research. Using explicit criteria, we searched electronic databases and specialist sources. We used review and synthesis techniques appropriate for social-science research.

Results

2203 publications were initially identified. Of the 18 meeting the inclusion criteria, 5 were social science, five clinical and eight linguistics publications. Strong evidence (11/18) indicateshypothetical questionsare effective in encouraging people to address feelings and plans for uncertain and difficult futures. Moderate evidence (5/18) indicates that another way to create such opportunities entails usingcautious, euphemistic language; and that this provides distinctive opportunities for people to deflect or avoid the topic. Moderate evidence (3/21) indicates that people oftensteer such conversations towards more optimistic statements, which tends to stop further talk about difficult events.

Conclusions

Social-science, linguistic and clinical evidence is available to inform this skilled, often problematic element of care. There are different ways to provide opportunities to discuss feelings and plans in relation to end of life. Different ways have different results: better understandings of these will facilitate evidence-based communication. To fill gaps in knowledge, further research using recordings of authentic palliative care consultations is needed.
A PHASE I-II FEASIBILITY TRIAL OF CANCER CARER MEDICINES MANAGEMENT: AN OVERVIEW
Authors: Latter S , Hopkinson J , Richardson A , Lowson E , Duke S , Anstey S , Bennett M , Smith P , May C
Published: February 2013

Introduction

Seventy-onepercent of people with cancer experience pain at the end of life (Teunissenet al2007). It is well established that family carers play a significant role in managing pain medication. Our scoping exercise of international literature repeatedly found that family carers lack information and confidence, with some holding beliefs that pain cannot be controlled and concerns about medication becoming addictive. Carers' roles have been neglected, with few interventions concerning pain management focusing specifically on carers, and a particular lack of UK research.

Aims and Methods

A Phase I-II feasibility study, funded by Dimbleby Marie Curie, is being conducted (2013–2015) to develop a new Cancer Carer Medicines Management intervention and to test its feasibility, acceptability and efficacy to improve carers' knowledge, beliefs, skills and self-efficacy for pain medicines management, decrease carer strain and improve mood state. This will be achieved through: a rapid appraisal of research on interventions for carer management of end of life pain medicines; development and refinement of the intervention through user collaboration; and a feasibility trial involving nurses and carers in two sites, to inform a follow-on randomised control trial.

Results

Phase I will produce an educational intervention for delivery by palliative care nurses with family carers. Phase II will evaluate intervention impact on carer outcomes using validated questionnaires measuring carer pain medication knowledge, beliefs and skills; carer strain, self-efficacy and mood state. Secondary outcomes from validated questionnaires and interviews will include perceptions of patient pain, burden of the intervention, and factors inhibiting or facilitating intervention use.
IMPROVING THE DELIVERY OF HIV OUTPATIENT SERVICES IN SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA
Authors: Gordge L , Selman L , Harding R , Higginson I J , Simms V , Penfold S , Powell R A , Mwangi-Powell F , Dowing J , Gikaara N , Munene G
Published: February 2013

Introduction

The majority of care for the 22.9 million people with HIV in Sub-Saharan Africa is provided by HIV outpatient services. While the palliative care needs of HIV patients are well documented, it is not known how well HIV outpatient services meet these needs and evidence to improve service provision is lacking.

Aims and Methods

To explore the care provided by outpatient HIV services in Uganda and Kenya and identify ways of improving care to meet patient and family needs. Qualitative interviews were conducted with patients, carers and staff at 12 HIV outpatient facilities (six in Kenya, six in Uganda), translated into English and analysed thematically.

Results

189 people were interviewed (83 patients, 47 caregivers, 59 staff). Positive aspects of care related to staff attributes and teamwork, holistic care, medication provision and patient education. Gaps/challenges in care related to service efficiency, paediatric services, reaching rural areas, poverty and sustaining services financially. Services struggled to meet patient demand through lack of staff, resources and space. Drug availability was variable, but when good was highly valued by service users. Recommendations included improving existing services (organisation, medication provision and staff training) and providing additional services and outreach (transport, public health initiatives, nutritional programmes, financial support and care for extended family).

Conclusions

Outpatient services struggled to meet the multidimensional needs of people living with HIV in the face of significant resource challenges. Findings can be used to improve outpatient care and direct financial resources. Collaboration with palliative care services may help to improve HIV outpatient care.
PSYCHO-STIMULANTS FOR DEPRESSION: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW OF EVIDENCE FROM RANDOMISED CONTROLLED TRIALS
Authors: Candy B , Jones L , Leurent B , Tookman A , King M
Published: February 2013

Introduction

Symptoms of depression are common, disabling, and costly. In palliative care, where such symptoms may be considered unavoidable, they can go untreated. Antidepressants are not always effective and in palliative care may not be suitable. Psycho-stimulants are most commonly used in palliative care to treat opioid induced somnolence. They are known for elevating mood and reducing fatigue, and may offer an alternative to antidepressants. In 2006 we undertook the first systematic review of psycho-stimulants for depression (Candy 2008). We found, despite identifying 24 trials, inconclusive evidence on whether psycho-stimulants work. Since this review there have been new trials. Adding their findings to our earlier analyses may provide more of a definitive answer on the effect and safety of psycho-stimulants.

Aims and Methods

To update our systematic review of randomised controlled trials on the effectiveness of psycho-stimulants for the symptoms of depression.

Results

To date we have identified six new trials. These trials appear of better quality in reporting than many of the earlier trials. Preliminary analysis that combines the findings of the new trials with those found earlier, suggests the evidence on the impact and safety of psycho-stimulants in the treatment of symptoms of depression may be clearer.

Conclusions

By March 2013 we will have completed our update. Our new findings will provide more information on whether psycho-stimulants can be classed as an alternative to antidepressants. Our findings will also provide up-to-date information on whether or not there is a need to invite more patients to undergo further trials.
PLACE OF CARE TOWARDS THE END OF LIFE IN CHILDREN AND YOUNG PEOPLE WITH LIFE-THREATENING AND LIFE-LIMITING CONDITIONS: A LITERATURE REVIEW
Authors: Beecham E , Kelly P , Candy B , Jones L , Bluebond-Langner M
Published: February 2013

Introduction

The UK palliative care funding review is examining use and costs of palliative care services (PCS) including provision of end of life (EoL) care for children and young people (CYP) with life-limiting and life-threatening conditions (LL/LTC). Current provision is funded through a range of statutory and voluntary organisations. Place of care (POC) towards EoL may be influenced by several factors including service availability, attitudes of health and social care professionals, and patient and family-centred issues.

Aims and Methods

We sought to review the current evidence on POC in CYP with LL/LTC towards the EoL. An initial search was conducted in January 2011 (currently being updated) of databases MEDLINE, EMBASE and CINAHL. We included empirical peer reviewed papers published between 2004–2011 with data on POC for CYP towards the EoL.

Results

To date 28 papers meet review inclusion criteria. Study quality is variable. We found evidence that CYP with Leukaemia, Lymphoma, and Cystic Fibrosis, those from ethnic minorities and those aged less than 1 year were more likely to die in hospital. CYP with solid tumours, those aged more than 1 year and those of male gender were more likely to die at home. Explanations for POC were poorly evidenced; most studies cited availability/access of services but few explored issues underlying preferences for POC.

Conclusions

Knowledge and understanding of factors affecting POC for CYP towards EoL is limited. Robust data are required to inform PCS provision and ensure that funding is available for care in appropriate locations to meet CYP clinical needs and family preferences.
Basilar artery pseudoaneurysm presenting at 5-month follow-up after traumatic atlanto-occipital dislocation in a 7-year-old girl treated with intracranial stent placement and coiling
Authors: Griauzde Julius , Gemmete Joseph J , Chaudhary Neeraj , Pandey Aditya S , Garton Hugh J
Published: February 2013

Atlanto-occipital dislocation (AOD) is a grave injury that is rarely survivable. Patients who do survive often have long-term sequelae resulting from the intracranial damage sustained during the traumatic event. The high impact needed to cause AOD is translated to the intracranial vessels, which can lead to vascular injury. Pseudoaneurysm is one of the possible outcomes of damage to the vessel wall. We present a case of basilar artery pseudoaneurysm diagnosed 5 months after a traumatic AOD who was treated with intracranial stent placement and coiling.
Disentangling bottom-up and top-down effects on survival during early ocean residence in a population of Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha)
Authors: Miller Jessica A. , Teel David J. , Baptista Antonio , Morgan Cheryl A.
Published: February 2013

We evaluated the relative importance of “bottom-up” (production-limited) and “top-down” (predator-mediated) processes during early marine residence in a population of Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) from the upper Columbia River, USA. We examined length, mass, and condition index of age-0 juveniles collected in the ocean during June and September across 11 years in relation to conditions in the river, estuary, and coastal ocean and to future adult returns. Characteristics of juveniles in September, but not June, were related to adult returns. During years when coastal waters were relatively cool and productive, juveniles captured in September displayed relatively low condition and reduced otolith growth compared with years when coastal waters were relatively warm and unproductive; this contrast indicates that top-down effects such as selective mortality or competition are important during early marine residence. Key physical (river plume volume during emigration) and biological (condition) variables and their interaction accounted for >95% of the variation in adult returns. Future research should focus on evaluating predators and competitors and understanding how river plume structure influences survival.
Fragmentation and patch size shape genetic structure of brook trout populations
Authors: Whiteley Andrew R. , Coombs Jason A. , Hudy Mark , Robinson Zachary , Colton Amanda R. , Nislow Keith H. , Letcher Benjamin H.
Published: February 2013

We tested the relative influence of habitat patch size and connectivity on genetic structure and effective population size in eight brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) habitat patches in a watershed in Virginia, USA. Variation at eight microsatellite loci in 2229 young-of-the-year brook trout for two successive cohorts (2010 and 2011) was examined. Genetic differentiation across all populations was pronounced. Overall [Formula: see text] was 0.397 (95% CI: 0.322–0.525) and overall FSTwas 0.124 (95% CI: 0.096–0.159). Above-barrier patch size had a strong positive relationship with genetic diversity, [Formula: see text], and genetic differentiation. Our analysis is consistent with greater extinction risk in smaller above-barrier patches. Larger above-barrier patches contained greater genetic diversity but reduced [Formula: see text] relative to adjacent below-barrier patches. The primary effect of barriers may be to reduce available above-barrier spawning habitat, even for larger above-barrier patches. Below-barrier patches also showed evidence of reduced genetic diversity and lack of connectivity. Genetic monitoring focused at gaining a broader understanding of the relationships here will be necessary to fully evaluate local extinction risks.
Manifold invariants affect dynamics in anti de Sitter gravity
Authors: Liko Tomáš
Published: February 2013

The first-order Holst action with negative cosmological constant is rendered finite by requiring functional differentiability on the configuration space of tetrads and connections. The surface terms that arise in the action for anti de Sitter gravity are equivalent to the Euler and Pontryagin densities with fixed weight factors; these terms modify the Noether charges that arise from diffeomorphism invariance of the action.
Does exposure to cues of fish predators fed different diets affect morphology and performance of Northern Leopard Frog (Lithobates pipiens) larvae?
Authors: El Balaa Rayan , Blouin-Demers Gabriel
Published: February 2013

Phenotypic plasticity allows animals to change their morphological and life-history traits when exposed to predator cues, which modifies performance and can enhance survival but engender costs. Thus, the extent of plastic changes should vary in relation to the perceived risk of predation. We tested the hypothesis that plastic changes in morphology (and their effect on performance) and life history of developing Northern Leopard Frog (Lithobates pipiens (Schreber, 1782)) larvae vary when exposed to cues of fish predators fed different diets. During development, we exposed tadpoles to control cues, cues from brown bullhead (Ameiurus nebulosus (Lesueur, 1819)) fed trout pellets, or cues from A. nebulosus fed L. pipiens tadpoles. Tadpoles exposed to predatory fish cues had smaller bodies, deeper tail fins, slower growth and development rates, and better turning performance than tadpoles that were not exposed to predatory fish cues, but we found limited evidence that the predator’s diet had an effect on phenotypic plasticity. Predator diet affected tail morphology and activity, but the latter effect was only marginally significant. Lithobates pipiens tadpoles clearly respond to predatory fish cues, but it remains unclear whether their response is modulated by the predator’s diet.
"Twin Spin"
Authors: Cohen Michael , Ranaweera Rasika , Ito Hayato , Endo Shun , Holesch Sascha , Villegasc Julián
Published: February 2013

We have built haptic interfaces featuring smartphones and tablets that use magnetometerderived orientation sensing to modulate virtual displays, especially spatial sound, allowing, for instance, each side of a karaoke recording to be separately steered around a periphonic display. Embedding such devices into a spinnable affordance allows a "spinning plate"- style interface, a novel interaction technique. Either static (pointing) or dynamic (spinning) modes can be used to control "whirled" multimodal display, including a rotary motion platform, panoramic movies, and the positions of avatars in virtual environments.
Using virtualization to study mobile multihop networks
Authors: Benchaïb Yacine , Chaudet Claude
Published: February 2013

In this article, we introduce VIRMANEL a tool we developed to establish an environment for the study of multihop mobile networks. VIRMANEL is a tool that manages virtual machines corresponding to mobile nodes, emulates their movements and the resulting disconnections. It features a GUI to observe the behavior of mobile nodes. Nodes mobility is specified using SILUMOD, a domain-specific language that allows, through a set of dedicated.
Sound-enhanced landscape album for smart-phone
Authors: Kasai Hiroyuki , Innamia Satoshi
Published: February 2013

In this paper, we propose a system of sound-enhanced landscape album for smart-phone. This system is able to provide landscape image and environmental sound for user designated place. This system is consists of a server and a mobile client terminal. Functions that need high computational costs, such as generating environmental sound, are processed in server side. Because result generated by the server is sent to client side through a network, a mobile client can provide landscape image and environmental sound in real-time manner.
Low-cost interferer detection and classification using TelosB sensor motes
Authors: Bloessl Bastian , Joerer Stefan , Mauroner Fabian , Dressler Falko
Published: February 2013

Inter-protocol interference is one of the most critical issues in wireless communication. For example, this becomes extremely problematic in environments where robustness and realtime communication need to be considered, e.g., in industrial automation or health care applications. Recently, possible approaches for interference mitigation have been described in the literature assuming that the interferer is known in advance. We contribute to this line of research with a framework for interferer detection and classification. Essentially, we use a simple IEEE 802.15.4 transceiver as for example used on the TelosB sensor motes to scan the 2.4 GHz ISM band. This band is used by different technologies including Bluetooth, WiFi, and cordless phones. The key challenge is the accurate timing of the scanning of the frequency band. The presented framework supports flexible descriptions of such scan jobs allowing to adapt to the detectors requirements, depending on the interfering protocols.
A simulation tool for automated platooning in mixed highway scenarios
Authors: Segata Michele , Dressler Falko , Lo Cigno Renato , Gerla Mario
Published: February 2013

Automated platooning is one of the most challenging fields in the domain of Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS). Conceptually, platooning means creating clusters of vehicles which closely follow each other autonomously without action of the driver, neither for accelerating, nor for braking. This leads to several important benefits from substantially improved road throughput to increased safety. The control of such platoons depends on two components: First, radar is typically to be used to control the distance between the vehicles, and secondly, Inter-Vehicle Communication (IVC) helps managing the entire platoon allowing cars to join or to leave the group whenever necessary. Platooning systems have been mostly investigated in controlled environments such as dedicated highways with centralized management. However, platooning-enabled cars will be deployed gradually and might have to travel on highways together with other non-automated vehicles. We developed a combined traffic and network simulator for studying strategies and protocols needed for managing platoons in such mixed scenarios. We show the models needed and present first results using a simple IVC-based platoon management as a proof of concept.
2013 ASTD TechKnowledge Recap
Authors: Kelly David
Published: February 2013

If you missed this year's TechKnowledge, don't fret. Find out what you missed, as Dave Kelly recaps the ASTD conference, He also discusses the benefits of attending, including the intangibles, which will surely appeal to those new to the field of technology-based learning.
The Story of the Teapot in DHTML
Authors: Beckman Brian , Meijer Erik
Published: February 2013

Before there was SVG (Scalable Vector Graphics), WebGL (Web Graphics Library), Canvas, or much of anything for graphics in the browser, it was possible to do quite a lot more than was initially obvious. To demonstrate, we created a JavaScript program that renders polygonal 3D graphics using nothing more than HTML and CSS. Our proof-of-concept is fast enough to support physics-based small-game content, but we started with the iconic 3D "Utah teapot" because it tells the whole story in one picture. It’s feasible to render this classic object using just regular DIV elements, CSS styles, and a little bit of JavaScript code. This tiny graphics pipeline serves as a timeless demonstration of doing a lot with very little.
Fibroblast Growth Factor 23 and Klotho: Physiology and Pathophysiology of an Endocrine Network of Mineral Metabolism
Authors: Hu Ming Chang , Shiizaki Kazuhiro , Kuro-o Makoto , Moe Orson W.
Published: February 2013

The metabolically active and perpetually remodeling calcium phosphate–based endoskeleton in terrestrial vertebrates sets the demands on whole-organism calcium and phosphate homeostasis that involves multiple organs in terms of mineral flux and endocrine cross talk. The fibroblast growth factor (FGF)-Klotho endocrine networks epitomize the complexity of systems biology, and specifically, the FGF23-αKlotho axis highlights the concept of the skeleton holding the master switch of homeostasis rather than a passive target organ as hitherto conceived. Other than serving as a coreceptor for FGF23, αKlotho circulates as an endocrine substance with a multitude of effects. This review covers recent data on the physiological regulation and function of the complex FGF23-αKlotho network. Chronic kidney disease is a common pathophysiological state in which FGF23-αKlotho, a multiorgan endocrine network, is deranged in a self-amplifying vortex resulting in organ dysfunction of the utmost severity that contributes to its morbidity and mortality.
Phosphate Transporters and Their Function
Authors: Biber Jürg , Hernando Nati , Forster Ian
Published: February 2013

Plasma phosphate concentration is maintained within a relatively narrow range by control of renal reabsorption of filtered inorganic phosphate (Pi). Pi reabsorption is a transcellular process that occurs along the proximal tubule. Pi flux at the apical (luminal) brush border membrane represents the rate-limiting step and is mediated by three Na+-dependent Pi cotransporters (members of the SLC34 and SLC20 families). The putative proteins responsible for basolateral Pi flux have not been identified. The transport mechanism of the two kidney-specific SLC34 proteins (NaPi-IIa and NaPi-IIc) and of the ubiquitously expressed SLC20 protein (PiT-2) has been studied by heterologous expression to reveal important differences in kinetics, stoichiometry, and substrate specificity. Studies on the regulation of the abundance of the respective proteins highlight significant differences in the temporal responses to various hormonal and nonhormonal factors that can influence Pi homeostasis. The phenotypes of mice deficient in NaPi-IIa and NaPi-IIc indicate that NaPi-IIa is responsible for most Pi renal reabsorption. In contrast, in the human kidney, NaPi-IIc appears to have a relatively greater role. The physiological relevance of PiT-2 to Pi reabsorption remains to be elucidated.
Regulation and Repair of the Alveolar-Capillary Barrier in Acute Lung Injury
Authors: Bhattacharya Jahar , Matthay Michael A.
Published: February 2013

Considerable progress has been made in understanding the basic mechanisms that regulate fluid and protein exchange across the endothelial and epithelial barriers of the lung under both normal and pathological conditions. Clinically relevant lung injury occurs most commonly from severe viral and bacterial infections, aspiration syndromes, and severe shock. The mechanisms of lung injury have been identified in both experimental and clinical studies. Recovery from lung injury requires the reestablishment of an intact endothelial barrier and a functional alveolar epithelial barrier capable of secreting surfactant and removing alveolar edema fluid. Repair mechanisms include the participation of endogenous progenitor cells in strategically located niches in the lung. Novel treatment strategies include the possibility of cell-based therapy that may reduce the severity of lung injury and enhance lung repair.
The Ins and Outs of Aging and Longevity
Authors: Rando Thomas A.
Published: February 2013

As a nod to the oft-quoted evolutionary theorist George Williams, “It is remarkable that after a seemingly miraculous feat of morphogenesis, a complex metazoan should be unable to perform the much simpler task of merely maintaining what is already formed” ( 1 ). How and why we age are mysteries of the ages ( 2 , 3 ). The “how” of this mystery is the purview of experimental biologists who try to understand the basic processes that lead to system maintenance failure—from the level of molecules to that of entire organisms—that we term “aging”. The “why” of this mystery is the purview of evolutionary theorists whose ideas shape the questions that biogerontologists pose, on the basis of the premise put forth by another preeminent geneticist and evolutionary biologist, Theodosius Dobzhansky, that “[n]othing in biology makes sense except in the light of evolution” ( 4 ). These experimental and evolutionary perspectives converge in the modern science of aging, and its curious cousin “longevity”, in an attempt to unify extensive findings from diverse areas of biology ( 5 ).
Use of Insulin to Increase Epiblast Cell Number: Towards a New Approach for Improving ESC Isolation from Human Embryos
Authors: Campbell Jared M. , Lane Michelle , Vassiliev Ivan , Nottle Mark B.
Published: February 2013

Human embryos donated for embryonic stem cell (ESC) derivation have often been cryopreserved for 5–10 years. As a consequence, many of these embryos have been cultured in media now known to affect embryo viability and the number of ESC progenitor epiblast cells. Historically, these conditions supported only low levels of blastocyst development necessitating their transfer or cryopreservation at the 4–8-cell stage. As such, these embryos are donated at the cleavage stage and require further culture to the blastocyst stage before hESC derivation can be attempted. These are generally of poor quality, and, consequently, the efficiency of hESC derivation is low. Recent work using a mouse model has shown that the culture of embryos from the cleavage stage with insulin to day 6 increases the blastocyst epiblast cell number, which in turn increases the number of pluripotent cells in outgrowths following plating, and results in an increased capacity to give rise to ESCs. These findings suggest that culture with insulin may provide a strategy to improve the efficiency with which hESCs are derived from embryos donated at the cleavage stage.
A Novel Technique for Anterior Vaginal Wall Prolapse Repair: Anterior Vaginal Wall Darn
Authors: Köse Osman , Sağlam Hasan S. , Kumsar Şükrü , Budak Salih , Adsan Öztuğ
Published: February 2013

Aim. The aim of this study is to introduce a new technique, anterior vaginal wall darn (AVWD), which has not been used before to repair the anterior vaginal wall prolapse, a common problem among women. Materials and Methods. Forty‐five women suffering from anterior vaginal wall prolapse were operated on with a new technique. The anterior vaginal wall was detached by sharp and blunt dissection via an incision beginning from the 1 cm proximal aspect of the external meatus extending to the vaginal apex, and the space between the tissues that attach the lateral walls of the vagina to the arcus tendineus fascia pelvis (ATFP) was then darned. Preoperation and early postoperation evaluations of the patients were conducted and summarized. Results. Data were collected six months after operation. Cough stress test (CST), Pelvic Organ Prolapse Quantification (POP‐Q) evaluation, Incontinence Impact Questionnaire (IIQ‐7), and Urogenital Distress Inventory (UDI‐6) scores indicated recovery. According to the early postoperation results, all patients were satisfied with the operation. No vaginal mucosal erosion or any other complications were detected. Conclusion. In this initial series, our short‐term results suggested that patients with grade II‐III anterior vaginal wall prolapsus might be treated successfully with the AVWD method.
Vulnerability of Trees to Climate Events in Temperate Forests of West Germany
Authors: Fischer Stefanie , Neuwirth Burkhard
Published: February 2013

An improved understanding of the spatiotemporal climate/growth relationship of our forests is of particular importance for assessing the consequences of climate warming. A total of 67 stands of beech (Fagus sylvatica L.), pedunculate oak (Quercus robur L.), sessile oak (Quercus petraea (Matt.) Liebl.), Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.), and spruce (Picea abies Karst.) from sites located in the transition zone from the lowlands to the low mountain ranges of West Germany have been analysed. A combination of pointer year and cluster analysis was used to find groups with similar growth anomaly patterns over the 1941–2000 period. Shifted reaction patterns especially characterise differences in the growth behaviour of the clusters. These are controlled by different reactions to the climate conditions in winter and spring and are determined by a complex system of forcing factors. Results of this study reflect the enormous importance of the length of the growing season. Increasing the duration of the vegetation period climate warming can change the climate/growth relationship of trees, thereby confounding climate reconstructions which use tree rings. Since forcing factors have been detected that are more important than the tree species, we recommend the application of growth-specific approaches for the analysis of tree species’ vulnerability to climate.
In SituGene Mapping of Two Genes Supports Independent Evolution of Sex Chromosomes in Cold-Adapted Antarctic Fish
Authors: Ghigliotti Laura , Cheng C.-H. Christina , Bonillo Céline , Coutanceau Jean-Pierre , Pisano Eva
Published: February 2013

Two genes, that is, 5S ribosomal sequences and antifreeze glycoprotein (AFGP) genes, were mapped onto chromosomes of eight Antarctic notothenioid fish possessing a X1X1X2X2/X1X2Y sex chromosome system, namely,Chionodraco hamatusandPagetopsis macropterus(family Channichthyidae),Trematomus hansoni,T. newnesi,T. nicolai,T. lepidorhinus, andPagothenia borchgrevinki(family Nototheniidae), andArtedidraco skottsbergi(family Artedidraconidae). Through fluorescencein situhybridization (FISH), we uncovered distinct differences in the gene content of the Y chromosomes in the eight species, withC. hamatusandP. macropterusstanding out among others in bearing 5S rDNA and AFGP sequences on their Y chromosomes, respectively. Both genes were absent from the Y chromosomes of any analyzed species. The distinct patterns of Y and non-Y chromosome association of the 5S rDNA and AFGP genes in species representing different Antarctic fish families support an independent origin of the sex heterochromosomes in notothenioids with interesting implications for the evolutionary/adaptational history of these fishes living in a cold-stable environment.
Expression and Function of PPARs in Placenta
Authors: Matsuda Satoru , Kobayashi Mayumi , Kitagishi Yasuko
Published: February 2013

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPAR) are members of the superfamily of nuclear hormone receptors involved in embryonic development and differentiation of several tissues including placenta, which respond to specific ligands such as polyunsaturated fatty acids by altering gene expression. Three subtypes of this receptor have been discovered, each evolving to achieve different biological functions. The PPARs also control a variety of target genes involved in lipid homeostasis. Similar to other nuclear receptors, the transcriptional activity of PPARs is affected not only by ligand-stimulation but also by crosstalk with other molecules. For example, both PPARs and the RXRs are ligand-activated transcription factors that coordinately regulate gene expression. In addition, several mechanisms underlying negative regulation of gene expression by PPARs have been shown. It is suggested that PPARs are key messengers responsible for the translation of nutritional stimuli into changes in gene expression pathways for placental development.
Multiple Extramedullary Plasmacytoma with Lytic Bony Lesions: A Rare Case Report
Authors: Hussain Akhlak , Singh Mohinder , Singh Kuldip , Bagga Harjot
Published: February 2013

Objective. Multiple extramedullary plasmacytoma lesions involving subcutaneous tissue, breast, mediastinal tissue, spleen, and soft tissue of pelvic region along with multiple bones plasmacytomas without marrow plasmacytosis are a very rare presentation.Design. Case report.Result. A 54-year-old female was found to have multiple small bony lytic lesions, multiple extramedullary soft tissue plasmacytomas, serum M protein >3 g/dL, and elevated ESR. Bone marrow aspirate did not reveal any evidence of multiple myeloma/plasmacytosis. There was no anemia, hypercalcemia, or renal insufficiency.Conclusion. Extramedullary plasmacytoma can involve multiple organs at a time including bones and soft tissue without involving bone marrow.
Berinde-Type Generalized Contractions on Partial Metric Spaces
Authors: Aydi Hassen , Hadj Amor Sana , Karapınar Erdal
Published: February 2013

We consider generalized Berinde-type contractions in the context of partial metric spaces. Such contractions are also known as generalized almost contractions in the literature. In this paper, we extend, generalize, and enrich the results in this direction. Some examples are presented to illustrate our results.
Adrenal Hypoplasia Congenita Presenting as Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia
Authors: Flint Jennifer L. , Jacobson Jill D.
Published: February 2013

We report on a patient with genetically confirmed adrenal hypoplasia congenita (AHC) whose presentation and laboratory abnormalities were consistent with the more common condition, congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH). The patient presented with failure to thrive and salt wasting. General appearance showed marked hyperpigmentation and normal male genitalia. He displayed mildly elevated 17-hydroxyprogesterone and markedly elevated 11-deoxycortisol levels at baseline and with ACTH stimulation testing. Results were consistent with 11β-hydroxylase deficiency. He required glucocorticoids and high doses of mineralocorticoids. The marked elevation in 11-deoxycortisol directed our clinical reasoning away from a hypoplastic condition and towards a hyperplasic adrenal condition. Sequencing of the DAX1 gene (named for dosage-sensitive sex reversal (DSS) locus and the AHC locus on the X chromosome) revealed a missense mutation. A review of the literature revealed that elevated 11-deoxycortisol levels have been noted in kindreds with DAX1 mutations, but only when measured very early in life. A mouse model has recently been described that displays elevated 11-deoxycorticosterone levels and evidence for hyperplasia of the zona glomerulosa of the adrenal gland. We conclude that DAX1 testing may be considered in patients with laboratory evidence of 11β-hydroxylase deficiency, especially in those with severe salt wasting.
Totally Contact Umbilical Lightlike Hypersurfaces of Indefinite -Manifolds
Authors: Rani Rachna , Kumar Rakesh , Nagaich R. K.
Published: February 2013

We study totally contact umbilical lightlike hypersurfaces of indefinite -manifolds and prove the nonexistence of totally contact umbilical lightlike hypersurface in indefinite -space form.
Hyperammonemic Coma in an Adult due to Ornithine Transcarbamylase Deficiency
Authors: Roberts Daniel L. , Galbreath David A. , Patel Bhavesh M. , Ingall Timothy J. , Khatib Amer , Johnson Daniel J.
Published: February 2013

Objective. To report an unusual cause of coma in an adult.Design. Case report.Setting. University teaching hospital.Patient. A previously healthy 53-year-old man initially presented with altered mental status and progressed to coma. He was found to be substantially hyperammonemic and did not improve with lactulose therapy and continuous venovenous hemodialysis.Results. Biochemical testing revealed previously undiagnosed ornithine transcarbamylase deficiency, and the patient responded to arginine, sodium phenylacetate, and sodium benzoate.Conclusion. Even in adult patients with no known history, inborn errors of metabolism must be considered in the differential diagnosis of unexplained coma. Defects of the urea cycle can present with an unprovoked hyperammonemic coma.
Vertigo as the First Sign of Chronic Myeloid Leukemia: A Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Martín-Hernández Rubén , Macías-Rodríguez Diego Hernando , Martín-Sánchez Víctor , Cordero-Civantos Cristina , Santa Cruz-Ruiz Santiago , Batuecas-Caletrio Ángel
Published: February 2013

Acute vestibular deficit as the first sign of leukemia is extremely rare. The literature shows some cases of sudden hearing loss accompanied by instability and associated with hyperviscosity syndrome. We present the case of a patient who presents a harmonic vestibular deficit of the right ear. The complementary studies revealed an abnormally high level of leukocytes. A peripheral blood cytogenetic analysis is performed due to a high suspicion of leukemia, and the results show BCR/ABL fusion gene with a cut point in the M-BCR region, which confirms the diagnosis of chronic myeloid leukemia. In this case we detail the importance of taking hematological disorders into consideration in the differential diagnosis of patients with otoneurological symptoms, and we also review the etiopathogenic mechanisms, symptoms, diagnosis, and therapeutic options for chronic myeloid leukemia with sudden hearing loss and vertigo.
Automatic Detection of 2D and 3D Lung Nodules in Chest Spiral CT Scans
Authors: El-Baz Ayman , Elnakib Ahmed , Abou El-Ghar Mohamed , Gimel'farb Georgy , Falk Robert , Farag Aly
Published: February 2013

Automatic detection of lung nodules is an important problem in computer analysis of chest radiographs. In this paper, we propose a novel algorithm for isolating lung abnormalities (nodules) from spiral chest low-dose CT (LDCT) scans. The proposed algorithm consists of three main steps. The first step isolates the lung nodules, arteries, veins, bronchi, and bronchioles from the surrounding anatomical structures. The second step detects lung nodules using deformable 3D and 2D templates describing typical geometry and gray-level distribution within the nodules of the same type. The detection combines the normalized cross-correlation template matching and a genetic optimization algorithm. The final step eliminates the false positive nodules (FPNs) using three features that robustly define the true lung nodules. Experiments with 200 CT data sets show that the proposed approach provided comparable results with respect to the experts.
E-Block: A Tangible Programming Tool with Graphical Blocks
Authors: Wang Danli , Zhang Yang , Chen Shengyong
Published: February 2013

This paper designs a tangible programming tool, E-Block, for children aged 5 to 9 to experience the preliminary understanding of programming by building blocks. With embedded artificial intelligence, the tool defines the programming blocks with the sensors as the input and enables children to write programs to complete the tasks in the computer. The symbol on the programming block's surface is used to help children understanding the function of each block. The sequence information is transferred to computer by microcomputers and then translated into semantic information. The system applies wireless and infrared technologies and provides user with feedbacks on both screen and programming blocks. Preliminary user studies using observation and user interview methods are shown for E-Block's prototype. The test results prove that E-Block is attractive to children and easy to learn and use. The project also highlights potential advantages of using single chip microcomputer (SCM) technology to develop tangible programming tools for children.
Heparanase Localization during Palatogenesis in Mice
Authors: Hirata Azumi , Katayama Kentaro , Tsuji Takehito , Natsume Nagato , Sugahara Toshio , Koga Yuichi , Takano Kazufumi , Otsuki Yoshinori , Nakamura Hiroaki
Published: February 2013

Palatogenesis is directed by epithelial-mesenchymal interactions and results partly from remodeling of the extracellular matrix (ECM) of the palatal shelves. Here, we assessed heparanase distribution in developing mouse palates. No heparanase was observed in the vertically oriented palatal shelves in early stages of palate formation. As palate formation progressed, the palatal shelves were reorganized and arranged horizontally above the tongue, and heparanase localized to the epithelial cells of these shelves. When the palatal bilateral shelves first made contact, the heparanase localized to epithelial cells at the tips of shelves. Later in fusing palatal shelves, the cells of the medial epithelial seam (MES) were labeled with intense heparanase signal. In contrast, the basement membrane heparan sulfate (HS) was scarcely observed in the palatal shelves in contact. Moreover, perlecan labeling was sparse in the basement membrane of the MES, on which laminin and type IV collagen were observed. Moreover, we assessed the distribution of matrix metalloproteinase- (MMP-) 9, MMP-2, and MMP-3 in developing mouse palates and these MMPs were observed in the MES. Our findings indicated that heparanase was important for palate formation because it mediated degradation of the ECM of palatal shelves. Heparanase may, in concert with other proteases, participate in the regression of the MES.
Waiting Narratives of Lung Transplant Candidates
Authors: Yelle Maria T. , Stevens Patricia E. , Lanuza Dorothy M.
Published: February 2013

Before 2005, time accrued on the lung transplant waiting list counted towards who was next in line for a donor lung. Then in 2005 the lung allocation scoring system was implemented, which meant the higher the illness severity scores, the higher the priority on the transplant list. Little is known of the lung transplant candidates who were listed before 2005 and were caught in the transition when the lung allocation scoring system was implemented. A narrative analysis was conducted to explore the illness narratives of seven lung transplant candidates between 2006 and 2007. Arthur Kleinman’s concept of illness narratives was used as a conceptual framework for this study to give voice to the illness narratives of lung transplant candidates. Results of this study illustrate that lung transplant candidates expressed a need to tell their personal story of waiting and to be heard. Recommendation from this study calls for healthcare providers to create the time to enable illness narratives of the suffering of waiting to be told. Narrative skills of listening to stories of emotional suffering would enhance how healthcare providers could attend to patients’ stories and hear what is most meaningful in their lives.
Nonlocal Mean Image Denoising Using Anisotropic Structure Tensor
Authors: Wu Xi , Xie Mingyuan , Wu Wei , Zhou Jiliu
Published: February 2013

We present a novel nonlocal mean (NLM) algorithm using an anisotropic structure tensor to achieve higher accuracy of imaging denoising and better preservation of fine image details. Instead of using the intensity to identify the pixel, the proposed algorithm uses the structure tensor to characterize the boundary information around the pixel more comprehensively. Meanwhile, similarity of the structure tensor is computed in a Riemannian space for more rigorous comparison, and the similarity weight of the pixel (or patch) is determined by the intensity and structure tensor simultaneously. The proposed algorithm is compared with the original NLM algorithm and a modified NLM algorithm that is based on the principle component analysis. Quantitative and qualitative comparisons of the three NLM algorithms are presented as well.
Decorative 18th Century Blue-and-White Portuguese Tile Panels: A Type-Case of Environmental Degradation
Authors: Silva Teresa P. , Figueiredo Maria-Ondina , Barreiros Maria-Alexandra , Prudêncio Maria-Isabel
Published: February 2013

Decorated glazed ceramic tiles are used as an ornamental art, constituting an important cultural heritage whose preservation is mandatory. Environmental conditions are responsible for the degradation of exposed ancient tile panels originating various pathologies, related to the development of microorganisms. This is the case of a valuable 18th century blue-and-white Portuguese tile panel called “Cura do Cego,” belonging to the collection of the National Tile Museum (MNAz), where green stains are nowadays observable in the glaze. A prospective diagnosis of this green tarnishing was the aim of the present work. Small tile fragments were directly irradiated using nondestructive techniques: X-ray fluorescence spectrometry with a wavelength-dispersive system (WDXRF) for chemical characterization of the tile glaze and X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) to assess the phase constitution of both the glaze and the ceramic body. A destructive technique (scanning electron microscopy with energy-dispersive system (SEM/EDS)) was applied to tentatively infer the chemical changes induced in the glaze by the green staining and also to characterize the morphology of the microorganisms associated to this staining. The obtained results are reported and discussed, as a preliminary step for testing an innovative nondestructive decontamination technique applying gamma radiation, particularly suitable for overcoming such tile pathologies.
Targeting uPAR with Antagonistic Recombinant Human Antibodies in Aggressive Breast Cancer
Authors: LeBeau Aaron M. , Duriseti Sai , Murphy Stephanie T. , Pepin Francois , Hann Byron , Gray Joe W. , VanBrocklin Henry F. , Craik Charles S.
Published: February 2013

Components of the plasminogen activation system, which are overexpressed in aggressive breast cancer subtypes, offer appealing targets for development of new diagnostics and therapeutics. By comparing gene expression data in patient populations and cultured cell lines, we identified elevated levels of the urokinase plasminogen activation receptor (uPAR, PLAUR) in highly aggressive breast cancer subtypes and cell lines. Recombinant human anti-uPAR antagonistic antibodies exhibited potent binding in vitro to the surface of cancer cells expressing uPAR. In vivo these antibodies detected uPAR expression in triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) tumor xenografts using near infrared imaging and 111In single-photon emission computed tomography. Antibody-based uPAR imaging probes accurately detected small disseminated lesions in a tumor metastasis model, complementing the current clinical imaging standard 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose at detecting non-glucose-avid metastatic lesions. A monotherapy study using the antagonistic antibodies resulted in a significant decrease in tumor growth in a TNBC xenograft model. In addition, a radioimmunotherapy study, using the anti-uPAR antibodies conjugated to the therapeutic radioisotope 177Lu, found that they were effective at reducing tumor burden in vivo. Taken together, our results offer a preclinical proof of concept for uPAR targeting as a strategy for breast cancer diagnosis and therapy using this novel human antibody technology. Cancer Res; 73(7); 2070–81. ©2013 AACR.