bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
How to find Orchestrated Trolls?A Case Study on Identifying Polarized Twitter Echo Chambers
Authors: Kratzke Nane
Published: February 2023

Background: This study presents a graph-based and purely structural analysis to detect echo chambers on Twitter. Echo chambers are a concern as they can spread misinformation and reinforce harmful stereotypes and biases in social networks. Methods: The study recorded the German-language Twitter stream over two months, recording about 180.000 accounts and their interactions. The study focuses on retweet interaction patterns in the German-speaking Twitter stream and found that the greedy modularity maximization and HITS metric are the most effective methods for identifying echo chambers. Results: The purely structural detection approach was able to identify an echo chamber (red community) that was focused on a few topics with a triad of Anti-Covid, right-wing populism, and pro-Russian positions (very likely reinforced by Kremlin-orchestrated troll accounts). In contrast, a blue community was much more heterogeneous and showed "normal" communication interaction patterns. Conclusions: The study highlights the effects of echo chambers as they can make political discourse dysfunctional and foster polarization in open societies. The presented results contribute to identifying problematic interaction patterns in social networks often involved in the spread of disinformation by problematic actors. It is important to note that not the content but only the interaction patterns would be used as a decision criterion, thus avoiding problematic content censorship.
Hearing Aids Reduce Self-Perceived Difficulties in Noise for Listeners with Normal Audiograms
Authors: Mealings Kiri , Valderrama Joaquin T. , Mejia Jorge , Yeend Ingrid , Beach Elizabeth F. , Edwards Brent
Published: February 2023

Objective: This study assessed hearing aid benefits for people with a normal audiogram but hearing-in-noise problems in everyday listening situations. Design: Exploratory double-blinded case control study whereby participants completed retrospective questionnaires, ecological momentary assessments, speech-in-noise testing, and mental effort testing with and without hearing aids. Twenty-seven adults reporting speech-in-noise problems but normal air-conduction pure-tone audiometry took part in the study. They were randomly separated into an experimental group who trialled mild-gain hearing aids with advanced directional processing and a control group fitted with hearing aids with no gain or directionality. Results: Self-reports showed mild-gain hearing aids reduce hearing-in-noise difficulties and provide a better hearing experience (i.e., improved understanding, participation, and mood). Despite the self-reported benefits, the laboratory tests did not reveal a benefit from the mild-gain hearing aids, with no group differences on speech-in-noise tests or mental effort measures. Further, participants found the elevated cost of hearing aids to be a barrier for their adoption. Conclusions: Hearing aids benefit the listening experience in some listening situations for people with normal audiogram who report hearing difficulties in noise. Decreasing the price of hearing aids may lead to greater accessibility to those seeking remediation for their communication needs.
Effect of the Solvent on the Crystallographic and Magnetic Properties of rhenium(IV) Complexes Based on 2,2′-Bipyrimidine Ligand
Authors: Sanchis-Perucho Adrián , Orts-Arroyo Marta , Moliner Nicolas , Martínez-Lillo José
Published: February 2023

Two solvated rhenium(IV) complexes with formula [ReCl4(bpym)]·MeCN (1) and [ReCl4(bpym)]·CH3COOH·H2O (2) [bpym = 2,2'-bipyrimidine] have been prepared and characterized by means of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT–IR), scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray analysis (SEM–EDX), single-crystal X-ray diffraction (XRD) and SQUID magnetometer. 1 and 2 crystallize in the monoclinic system with space groups P21/n and P21/c, respectively. In both compounds, the Re(IV) ion is six-coordinate and bound to four chloride ions and two nitrogen atoms of a 2,2’-bipyrimidine molecule forming a distorted octahedral geometry around the metal ion. In the crystal packing of 1 and 2, intermolecular halogen⋯halogen and π⋯halogen type interactions are present. Hydrogen bonds take place only in the crystal structure of 2. Both compounds exhibit an akin crystal framework based on halogen bonds. Variable-temperature dc magnetic susceptibility measurements performed on microcrystalline samples of 1 and 2 show a similar magnetic behavior for both compounds, with antiferromagnetic exchange between the Re(IV) ions connected mainly through intermolecular Re-Cl···Cl-Re interactions.
A Review on Adopting Blockchain and IoT Technologies for Fostering CE in the EEE Value Chain
Authors: Fernandes Leonardo , Rosado da Cruz António Miguel , Cruz Estrela Ferreira , Lopes Sergio Ivan
Published: February 2023

With the continuous growth of electric and electronic appliances’ usage, the waste produced with obsolete material (e-waste) has an increasing environmental impact. Also, the production of such appliances bears to increased consumption of natural resources and produces a multitude of toxic and hazardous substances, which typically are not properly treated. One of the approaches that may be adopted to reduce such problems relies on the circularization of the current linear model, commonly adopted in the EEE value chain. This includes recovering eol products and reintroducing its parts, components, or raw materials into the value chain (e.g. semiconductors, circuit boards, raw metals, etc.), thus contributing to a more sustainable value chain. In this article, we present a state-of-art review that focuses on approaches and solutions for the EEE value chain traceability, and analyses the technologies that may be beneficial for promoting and implementing the CE model in this value chain.
Quantifying the Effects of Different Containment Policies on Urban NO2 Decline: Evidence From Remote Sensing Integrated With Ground-Station Data
Authors: Kang Jing , Zhang Bailing , Zhang Junyi , Dang Anrong
Published: February 2023

Cities exposed their vulnerabilities during COVID-19 pandemic. Unprecedented policies restricted human activities but left an unique opportunity to quantify anthropogenic effects on urban air pollution. This study aimed to address the key questions of urban development behind the restrictions with the goal of supporting sustainable transition. Data from ground stations and Sentinel-5P satellite were used to assess the temporal and spatial anomalies of NO2. Beijing China was selected for a case study because this mega city maintained a “dynamic zero-COVID” policy with adjusted restrictions, allowing us better to track the effects. The time-series decomposition and prediction regression model were employed to estimate the normal NO2 levels in 2020. The anomalies between the observations and predictions as the deviation were identified due to the policy interventions and quantified different effects using spatial stratified heterogeneity statistics. The top three restrictions showing dominant effects were workplace closures, restricted public transport usage, and school closures, accounting for 54.8%, 52.3%, and 46.4% of NO2 anomalies, respectively; and they are directly linked to the mismatch of employment and housing (deter-mining the commuting patterns), educational inequality and the long-term unsolved road con-gestion. Promoting the transformation of urban spatial structure will effectively alleviate air pollution.
Coherence Characteristics of a GaAs Single Heavy-Hole Spin Qubit Using a Modified Single-Shot Latching Readout Technique
Authors: Marton Victor , Sachrajda Andrew , Korkusinski Marek , Bogan Alex , Studenikin Sergei
Published: February 2023

We present an experimental study of the coherence properties of a single heavy-hole spin qubit formed in one quantum dot of a gated GaAs/AlGaAs double quantum dot device. We use a modified spin-readout latching technique in which the second quantum dot serves both as an auxiliary element for fast spin-dependent readout within a 200ns time window and also as a register for storing the spin-state information. To manipulate the single-spin qubit we apply sequences of microwave bursts of various amplitudes and durations to make Rabi, Ramsey, Hahn-echo, and CPMG measurements. As a result of the qubit manipulation protocols combined with the latching spin readout, we determine and discuss the achieved qubit coherence times: T1, T_Rabi, T2*, and T_CPMG vs microwave excitation amplitude, detuning and additional relevant parameters
A Bibliometric Analysis of the role of Industry 4.0 Sensors in Digital Transformation
Authors: Dias Joana Carmo , Rosário Albérico Travassos
Published: February 2023

This study aims to determine the role of Industry 4.0 sensors in digital transformation. Using a systematic literature review with a bibliometric analysis, we examine a sample of 52 studies from the SCOPUS database to identify research activity on this topic until December 2022. We find that 2022 was the year with the highest number of peer-reviewed documents on the subject, with 18 publications. We also examine current themes and find that sensors can connect multiple systems and devices, thus enabling machine-to-machine communication and facilitating great precision during product designing, development, and production, thus enabling customization and improving quality. However, despite these benefits, the current sensor technologies face multiple challenges that undermine their maximum adoption.
Reducing Noise, Artifacts and Interference in Single-Channel EMG Signals : A Review
Authors: Boyer Marianne , Bouyer Laurent , Roy Jean-Sébastien , Campeau-Lecours Alexandre
Published: February 2023

EMG analysis is becoming increasingly important in many research and clinical applications, including muscle fatigue detection, control of robotic mechanisms and prostheses, clinical diagnosis of neuromuscular diseases and quantification of force. However, electromyographic signals can be contaminated by various types of noise, interference and artifacts, which can lead to misinterpretation of the data acquired using this method. Even assuming best practices, the collected signal may still be altered by such contaminants. The aim of this paper is to review methods employed to reduce contamination of single channel EMG signals. This review is limited to methods performed directly on the measured EMG signal and those that allow total reconstruction of the EMG signal. Subtraction methods used in the time domain, denoising methods performed after signal decomposition and hybrid methods are assessed. It is defended that individual methods may be more or less suitable for a particular application depending on contaminant(s) present in the signal and on the specific requirements of the application.
The Elusive Trypanosoma cruzi Disperse Gene Protein Family (DGF-1)
Authors: Ramirez Jose Luis
Published: February 2023

Abstract Chaga´s disease caused by Trypanosoma cruzi infections is included in the group of neglected diseases, and efforts to develop new therapeutic or immunoprevention approaches have not been successful. After the publication of the T. cruzi genome, the number of molecular and biochemical studies on this parasite have increased considerably, many of which are focused on families of variant-surface-proteins, especially the trans-sialidases, mucins and mucin-associated proteins. The disperse gene protein 1 family (DGF-1) is one of the most abundant families in the T. cruzi genome, however, the large gene size, high copy numbers, and low antibody titers detected in infected humans make it an unattractive study target. Here, we argue that the DGF-1 gene family although not being the most obvious participant of the host-parasite immunological gamble, where T. cruzi appears to have the upper hand, it may play an important role in more basic host-parasite interactions that deserve further examination.
Common Peroneal Nerve Injury Due to an All-Inside Repair of the Posterior Horn of Lateral Meniscus
Authors: Koiwa Kai , Oshiba Hiroyuki , Yamazaki Hiroshi
Published: February 2023

Case:

An 18-year-old man sustained a peroneal nerve (PN) injury during an all-inside repair of the posterior horn of the lateral meniscus from the medial portal. Although he could dorsiflex his ankle actively after emergence from general anesthesia, he had a foot drop on the day after surgery. Exploration of the PN at 5 months postoperatively revealed that the nerve was entrapped by the suture. Fifteen months after a nerve repair using a sural nerve graft, he recovered from the foot drop.

Conclusion:

This case report highlights the risk of PN injury during an all-inside repair of the posterior horn of the lateral meniscus.
Deformity-Correcting Ankle Fusions With Patient-Specific 3D Operative Planning and 3D-Printed Cut Guides
Authors: Bouchard Maryse , Da Costa Sophia , Peel Brandon
Published: February 2023

Case:

We report 2 cases of severe arthrogrypotic clubfeet presenting with multiplanar ankle deformities. Two patients (3 ankles) were treated with deformity-correcting ankle fusions using 3D preoperative planning and 3D-printed patient-specific cut guides. This technique enabled safe, accurate, and efficient surgical correction with good clinical outcomes. At 1 year, physical function and patient outcome measures improved.

Conclusion:

In the setting of complex multiplanar deformities of the foot and ankle, the use of 3D preoperative planning and 3D-printed cut guides is a safe and accurate adjunct to ankle fusion.
Monorail External Fixation in Humeral Lengthening and Deformity Correction with Glenohumeral Reduction
Authors: Li Shanyu , Xu Jia , Kang Qinglin
Published: February 2023

Case:

External fixation has an established use in humeral lengthening and deformity correction. An 11-year-old boy presented with left-sided humeral shortening, proximal varus deformity, and glenohumeral dislocation. Anatomical and functional corrections were achieved through innovative monorail external fixation, including bifocal osteotomies of the surgical neck and diaphysis proximal to the deltoid insertion.

Conclusion:

Monorail external fixation with bifocal osteotomies of the surgical neck and diaphysis proximal to the deltoid insertion may improve the anatomical and functional outcomes in humeral shortening and proximal varus deformity with glenohumeral dislocation.
Anomalous Posterior Tibial Artery Course—Anatomic Considerations for the Posterolateral Ankle Approach
Authors: Perugini Anthony J. , Passias Braden J. , Pelz Nicholas C. , Temperato Joseph R. , Mehta Sanjay
Published: February 2023

Case:

We report a unique anatomical case of an anomalous course of the posterior tibial artery found on dissection during the posterolateral approach to the ankle. To the best of our knowledge, no such case has been documented.

Conclusion:

The vascular bundle consistent with that of the posterior tibial artery and vein was encountered in the far lateral aspect of the deep posterior compartment, which suggests physicians should proceed with caution when performing the posterolateral approach to the ankle so as to avoid iatrogenic injury of this named anatomic structure.
Elbow Arthroscopy
Authors: Sakryd Gary
Published: February 2023

Arthroscopy of the elbow can be used to treat numerous pathologies about the elbow joint. Conditions such as arthritis, osteochondritis dissecans, arthrofibrosis, and loose body removal are all amenable to arthroscopy. Elbow arthroscopy is a technically demanding procedure. Surgeon knowledge and awareness of the surrounding neurovascular structures is paramount. Neurovascular injury at the time of surgery can have catastrophic consequences.
Metacarpal Fractures
Authors: Gocke Tom
Published: February 2023

Hand-related trauma is a common injury accounting for nearly a million emergency department visits annually. Fractures involving the metacarpals comprise approximately 40% of all hand injuries. Sports-related injuries are seen most often in children and young adults; middle-aged workers suffer more motor vehicle accident or work-related/industrial injuries; and the elderly seems to injure their hands from ground-level falls. The most commonly reported hand fracture involves the fifth metacarpal neck. Metacarpal fractures are described by their bone location in which they occur (head-neck-shaft-base). Fracture patterns are referred to as transverse, oblique (short/long), or comminuted based on fracture line configuration. The predominance of metacarpal fractures is closed injuries. However, open metacarpal fractures can result from severe bone and soft-tissue trauma caused by bone fragment(s) lacerating the skin. Small finger metacarpal neck fractures have the highest probability of being associated with an open fracture because of their injury mechanism. The primary goals of metacarpal fracture treatment are to achieve acceptable alignment, stable reductions, bony union, and full motion. Bone fracture location, fragment(s) size, and fracture pattern will influence treatment decisions. Most metacarpal fractures can be treated nonoperatively with closed reduction maneuvers and splinting. Metacarpal fractures associated with open injuries can be treated effectively with early detection, copious irrigation, antibiotic therapy, appropriate wound coverage, and fracture immobilization. Surgical considerations of metacarpal fractures include malunion, failure to maintain fracture reduction, polytrauma, and open fractures resulting in severe soft-tissue trauma.
Measuring Intracompartmental Pressures in the Lower Leg
Authors: Vogels S. , de Vries D. , Bakker E.W.P. , Miller T.L. , Hoencamp R. , Zimmermann W.O.
Published: February 2023

Background:

The purpose of the present study was to evaluate whether unilateral intracompartmental pressure (ICP) measurements correctly represent the contralateral ICP value in patients suspected to have bilateral chronic exertional compartment syndrome (CECS) in the anterior compartment of the leg.

Methods:

A retrospective cohort study was performed that included military service members who had been referred to a secondary care department for bilateral anterolateral exercise-related leg pain. The obtained ICP values were utilized to assess 2 possible measurement strategies to perform unilateral ICP measurements: the right-leg strategy (i.e., always testing the right leg) and the most-symptomatic-leg strategy (i.e., always testing the most symptomatic). The diagnostic cutoff value for CECS in this cohort was 35 mmHg in the first minute after provocation. Four outcome categories were created to describe the pressure classification of the second leg if only 1 leg would have been measured: correct (category 1: both values ≥35 mmHg; category 2: both values <35 mmHg) or incorrect (category 3: measured leg, ≥35 mmHg and contralateral leg, <35 mmHg; category 4: measured leg, <35 mmHg and contralateral leg, ≥35 mmHg).

Results:

A total of 442 patients (884 legs) were included. In 88% of patients, the unilateral value would have correctly diagnosed the other symptomatic leg, whereas in 12% of patients, the contralateral leg would have been diagnosed incorrectly. The right-leg strategy had a slightly smaller proportion of cases in which the contralateral leg would have been incorrectly diagnosed (7% compared with 8% for the most symptomatic leg strategy). In 89% of the 390 patients in categories 1 and 2, the ICP values deviated by >5 mmHg from the 35-mmHg cutoff value compared with 40% of the 52 patients in categories 3 and 4.

Conclusions:

In military service members with bilateral chronic anterolateral exertional pain, a unilateral ICP measurement seems to be justified, especially among those with pressure values >5 mmHg above or below the diagnostic cutoff value. When a unilateral pressure measurement is within 5 mmHg above or below the cutoff value, a bilateral ICP measurement may be warranted.

Level of Evidence:

Prognostic Level III. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Factors Associated with the Success and Timing of Orthopaedic Surgery Resident Research Thesis Project Publication
Authors: Kuhn Andrew W. , Inclan Paul M. , Brogan David M. , Aleem Alexander W. , Brophy Robert H.
Published: February 2023

Introduction:

Scholarship and research are important aspects of orthopaedic surgery training. Many orthopaedic surgery residency programs have developed dedicated research curricula, often culminating in a capstone thesis project with the intended goal of peer-reviewed publication. However, data on the success of these programs are scarce. The purpose of the current study was to determine the success rate and time to publication of resident research thesis projects at our own institution while evaluating factors associated with these outcomes.

Methods:

Resident research thesis projects performed over the past 15 years were aggregated and reviewed. Additional data regarding the projects and former trainees who performed them were collected using public resources which included measures of current academic aptitude (i.e., H-index and number of publications) as well as project and publication characteristics. Cox and linear regression analyses were conducted to assess the relation between numerous predictor variables and the success and time to publication. All analyses were conducted at the 95% confidence interval (CI) level.

Results:

Sixty-eight (n = 68; 83%) resident research thesis projects were published an average of 2,582.8 days, or roughly 7 years from the start of their residency training. Graduate adjusted H-index was associated with increased success and decreased time to publication (hazard ratio 1.183 [95% CI: 1.059-1.322], p = 0.003). A lower journal impact factor was associated with taking significantly shorter time to reach publication (F(1,66) = 7.839, p = 0.007; Β1 = 146.45, p = 0.007). Study type (clinical vs. laboratory), posttraining practice setting (academic vs. private), and whether the research topic was within the same area of the trainee's matched fellowship(s) did not predict publication success.

Discussion/Conclusion:

Over the past 15 years, 83% of orthopaedic resident research thesis projects at our institution were published. A higher adjusted H-index was associated with greater completion and faster timing to publication. A lower journal impact factor was also associated with quicker publication. These data highlight the publication metrics of a formalized resident research program and identify factors associated with success and timing of publication.
Diagnosis and Treatment of Neuropathic Ankle Fractures
Authors: Czerwonka Natalia , Yi Anthony , Miller Christopher P.
Published: February 2023

» Standard 3-view ankle radiographs are the first-line imaging modality for suspected neuropathic ankle fractures. Computed tomography is helpful to evaluate for concomitant osseous changes and soft-tissue infection.

» Nonoperative management may be considered for low-demand, elderly, or comorbid patients for whom surgery and anesthesia are contraindicated. However, the presence of comorbidities alone should not necessarily preclude operative intervention. Given the overall poor results of nonoperative treatment in the neuropathic ankle fracture population, operative intervention may in fact be less risky to the patient.

» The authors have 2 preferred treatment techniques. For cases in which the vascular supply and bone stock are adequate, open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) with locking fixation for the fibula, a medial buttress/hook plate with lag screws for the medial malleolus, multiple syndesmotic screws for additional fixation even in the absence of a syndesmotic injury, and temporary transfixation Steinmann pins from the calcaneus into the tibia are used. For cases in which there is a concern for wound healing or previously failed ORIF, minimally invasive surgical tibiotalocalcaneal arthrodesis with a retrograde locked intramedullary nail is used.
Physicians’ challenges when working in the prehospital environment, -A qualitative study using grounded theory
Authors: Bäckström Denise , Alvinius Aida
Published: February 2023

Background
In the rapid development in prehospital medicine the awareness of the many challenges in prehospital care is important as it highlights which areas need improvement and where special attention during education and training should be focused. The purpose of this study is to identify challenges that physicians face when working in the prehospital environment. The research question is thus; what challenges do physicians face when working in prehospital care?
Method
This is a qualitative study with an inductive approach and is based on interviews. The interviews were analyzed using the Grounded Theory (GT) method. The interviews were conducted as semi-structured interviews via the digital platform Zoom during winter / early spring 2022.
Results
Challenges for prehospital physicians can be understood as a process that involves a balancing act between different factors linked to the extreme environment in which they operate. This environment creates unique challenges not usually encountered in routine hospital practice, which results in trade-offs that they would not otherwise be faced with. Their individual situation needs to be balanced against organizational conditions, which means, among other things, that their medical decisions must be made based on limited information as a result of the constraints that exist in the pre-hospital environment. They must, both as individuals and as part of a team, manoeuvre in time and space for decision-making and practical tasks. This theory of balancing different entities is based on four themes; thus the theory is the relation between the four themes: leadership, environment, emotion management and organization.
Conclusions
With the help of previous studies and what we have found, it is reasonable to review what training is needed before starting to work prehospital as a physician. This should include components of the themes we have described: organization, environment, leadership and emotional management.
case report :an uncommon cause of non -hemorrhegic ischemic stroke associated with left atrial myxoma
Authors: RAUT DIPTI GURUDEO , SINGH SEEMA , SHARMA RANJANA
Published: February 2023

Introduction:
Up to 3 out of every 1000 patients may develop an atrial myxoma, the most unusual benign primary heart tumor. The morbidity and death of patients are significantly impacted by these malignancies. Myxoma is the least common primary cardiac neoplasm. Between 0.001 0% and 0.3 0% of autopsies reveal heart malignancies. Even when the ischemic stroke is uncommon, it is still important to consider the probable pattern of left atrial myxoma disclosure while making a stroke differential diagnosis.
Case presentation:
A case of rapidly growing left atrial myxoma in a 60-year-old female who was suffering from a stroke 15 days ago, she started complaining of breathlessness and chest tightness and incidentally going through transthoracic echocardiography reveals that a large left atrial myxoma. she transferred to cardiovascular thoracic surgery department for further treatment. after all investigation, they planned for open-heart surgery to remove of LA mass.
Conclusion:
The superior portion of the heart can develop an atrial myxoma, a benign growth, on either the left or right side. Atrial myxoma can have several negative effects if untreated, including irregular heartbeat, pulmonary edema, and blood clots termed emboli (embolisms) that block the heart's blood vessels and impede blood flow. A targeted functional impairment is brutally imposed as part of an ischemic stroke. The prompt surgical removal of a rapidly expanding myxoma that is probably a malignant tumor may be necessary. They may show up as a variety of neurologic conditions, such as ischemic stroke. The most common neurologic symptom of heart malignancies is ischemic stroke.
An analysis of UGT1A1 genotype-phenotype correlation in Chinese patients with Gilbert and Crigler-Najjar II syndrome
Authors: Wu Lina , Li Zhenkun , Song Yi , Li Yanmeng , Zhang Wei , Zhong Xuemei , Wang Xiaoming , Huang Jian , Ou Xiaojuan
Published: February 2023

Background: The spectrum of UDP-glucuronosyltransferase (UGT1A1) variants, which are associated with Gilbert syndrome (GS) and Crigler-Najjar syndrome (CNS-II), has been reported in Chinese and western countries. However, the genotype-phenotype correlation of the individual UGT1A1 variants in GS and CNS-II remains to be clarified.
Methods: To explore the UGT1A1 variant pattern and genotype-phenotype correlations, we enrolled 310 Chinese patients, including 232 patients with GS and 78 with CNS-II. Peripheral blood samples were collected from screening variants in the gene UGT1A1 by a polymerase chain reaction and Sanger sequencing. The correlation between different UGT1A1 variants and clinical phenotypes was analyzed.
Results: Total cholesterol and serum high-density lipoprotein levels were higher in patients with GS than those with CNS-II. A total of 21 UGT1A1 variants were identified, including nine novel variants, four of which are in-silico predicted to be probably damaging. The allele frequency showed that the most common variants were A(TA)7TAA, p.G71R, p.Y486D, p.P364L, and p.P229Q, which are different from western countries. The mean value of serum total bilirubin in patients with the p.Y486D variant in both heterozygote and homozygote was significantly high compared with other high-frequency variants. Additionally, serum triglyceride and low-density lipoprotein in patients with a heterozygous p.P229Q variant were significantly elevated compared with other high-frequency variants.
Conclusions: The spectrum of UGT1A1 variants in Chinese patients appears distinct from western countries. Total bilirubin and plasma lipid are different among the individual UGT1A1 variants.
Deep learning-based image-analysis identifies a DAT-negative subpopulation of dopaminergic neurons in the lateral Substantia nigra.
Authors: Burkert Nicole , Roy Shoumik , Häußler Max , Wuttke Dominik , Müller Sonja , Wiemer Johanna , Hollmann Helene , Ramirez-Franco Jorge , Benkert Julia , Fauler Michael , Duda Johanna , Pötschke Christina , Goillard Jean-Marc , Münchmeyer Moritz , Parlato Rosanna , Liss Birgit
Published: February 2023

Here we present a deep learning-based image analysis platform (DLAP), tailored to autonomously quantify numbers of neuronal subtypes in defined areas, and of fluorescence signals, derived from RNAscope probes or immunohistochemistry, in defined cellular compartments. As proof-of-principle, we utilized DLAP to analyse subtypes of dopaminergic midbrain neurons in mouse and human brain-sections. These neurons modulate complex behaviour like voluntary movement, and are differentially affected in Parkinson’s and other diseases. DLAP allows the analysis of large cell numbers from different species, and facilitates the identification of small cellular subpopulations, based on differential mRNA- or protein-expression, and anatomical location. Using DLAP, we identified a small subpopulation of dopaminergic midbrain neurons (~5%), mainly located in the very lateral Substantia nigra (SN), that was immunofluorescence-negative for the plasmalemma dopamine transporter (DAT). These results have important implications, as DAT is crucial for dopamine-signalling, and its expression is commonly used as marker for dopaminergic SN neurons.
Artificial homeostasis system with electrochemical sensing and pharmaceutical stimulation for impaired brain function
Authors: Jung Han Hee , Lee Hyeokjun , Ha Jeongdae , Park Jeongrak , Kang Seongtak , Kim Jinmo , Jung Han Na , Yea Junwoo , Oh Saehyuck , Jekal Janghwan , Song Soojung , Son Jieun , Yu Tae Sang , Lee Youngjeon , Won Jinyoung , Lim Kyung Seob , Choi Ji-Woong , Jeong Jae-Woong , Song Young Min , Kim Samhwan , Rah Jong-Cheol , Lee Taeyoon , Keum Hohyun , Xu Sheng , Lee Yoon Kyung , Oh Yong-Seok , Jang Kyung-In
Published: February 2023

Treatment trends for Parkinson’s disease are revolutionizing from conventional pharmaceutical treatment depending on the patient’s symptoms to closed-loop electroceutical treatment in order to minimize the crucial pharmacokinetic drawbacks. Over the decades, closed-loop neuromodulations have been achieved by electroceutical devices based on continuous electrical stimulation and sensing of electrophysiological biomarkers. However, critical drawbacks have been observed with vulnerable to artefacts from the nearby stimulation electrode and frequent adjustment of stimulation parameters. On the contrary, direct monitoring of neurochemicals allows high spatial resolution, signal specificity and interference-free detection compared to closed-loop DBS. Here, we propose an artificial homeostasis system with electrochemical sensing and pharmaceutical stimulation for impaired brain function. In order to implement the artificial homeostasis system by mimicking the brain system, we have reported an implantable multi-deformable double-sided DA-sensing probe with an all-in-one structure by integrating three-electrode system and drug refillable microfluidic probe with controllable injection for synchronized diagnosis and treatment. The experimental and computational analysis clearly indicate that the proposed probes could serve as potential tools for building artificial homeostasis by the bio-responsive closed-loop system with an electropharmaceutical approach.
Leveraging AI in the Kenyan Judiciary: A Case for Utilizing Text Classification Models for Data Completeness in Case Law Meta Data in Kenya’s Employment and Labor Relations Court
Authors: Ogonjo Florence , Wairegi Angeline , Gitonga Joseph
Published: February 2023

AI has been revolutionary in improving different professional fields. In the legal sector, AI is utilized, in a number of jurisdictions, for different purposes both at the bar and bench level. The study investigates the efficacy of an AI algorithm in completing missing data in digitized documents, i.e., how AI can be utilized to achieve data completeness of precedents in the judiciary through text classification in order to achieve an optimal foundational basis for the creation of data sets that will facilitate the utilization of AI for different purposes. The Employment and Labor Relations court is used as a case study. The study analyzed the efficacy of 5 text classifier models: passive aggressive, linear regression, decision tree, random forest, and support vector machine (SVM) model. The results obtained from the study show that text classification can be automated successfully using machine learning techniques to generate case metadata. The accuracy of the text classifier methods utilized in the study range between 82% and 98%. Despite the data limitations faced in this study, the results obtained help increase confidence that advanced NLP techniques have matured enough to be applicable to legal text in the Kenyan Judiciary. Findings from the study suggest that the success rates of the text classifier techniques are not merely dependent on text content, but the context of this content is also a determining factor - the nature of the cases and the structure of the legal system play an important role in the performance of text classifier models.
Initial insights into the impact and implementation of Creating Active Schools in Bradford, UK
Authors: Morris Jade Lynne , Chalkley Anna E , Helme Zoe E , Timms Oliver , Young Emma , McLoughlin Gabriella M , Bartholomew John , Daly-Smith Andy
Published: February 2023

Background
Few whole-school physical activity programmes integrate implementation science frameworks within the design, delivery, and evaluation. As a result, knowledge of the key factors that support implementation at scale is lacking. The Creating Active School programme was co-designed and is underpinned by the COM-B model and the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research. The study aims to understand the initial impact and implementation of CAS in Bradford over 9 months using McKay’s implementation evaluation roadmap.
Methods
Focus groups and interviews were conducted with school staff (n = 30, schools = 25) CAS Champions (n = 9) and the CAS strategic lead (n = 1). Qualitative data were analysed both inductively and deductively. The deductive analysis involved coding data into a priori themes based on McKay et al’s implementation evaluation roadmap, using a codebook approach to thematic analysis. The inductive analysis included producing initial codes and reviewing themes before finalising.
Results
Identified themes aligned into three categories: (i) key ingredients for successful adoption and implementation of CAS, (ii) CAS implementation: challenges and solutions, and (iv) the perceived effectiveness of CAS at the school level. This included the willingness of schools to adopt and implement whole-school approaches when they are perceived as high quality and aligned with current school values. The programme implementation processes were seen as supportive; schools identified and valued the step-change approach to implementing CAS long-term. Formal and informal communities of practice provided “safe spaces” for cross-school support. Conversely, challenges persisted with gaining broader reach within schools, school staff's self-competence and shifting school culture around physical activity. This resulted in varied uptake between and within schools.
Conclusions
This study provides novel insights into the implementation of CAS, with outcomes aligning to the adoption, reach, and sustainability. Successful implementation of CAS was underpinned by determinants including acceptability, intervention complexity, school culture and school stakeholders’ perceived self-efficacy. The combination of McKay’s evaluation roadmap and CFIR establishes a rigorous approach for evaluating activity promotion programmes underpinned by behavioural and implementation science. Resultantly this study offers originality and progression in understanding the implementation and effectiveness of whole-school approaches to physical activity.
Access to global reserves determines vulnerability to supply disruption of Ukrainian wheat
Authors: Bertassello Leonardo , Müller Marc , Winters Paul
Published: February 2023

While the war in Ukraine has dramatically affected global wheat supplies, its food security implications vary substantially across countries, depending on their vulnerability to supply disruptions and ability to access food reserves. New trade data obtained after the onset of the conflict reveal a 75% decrease in wheat export from Ukraine, with the potential to push average calorie intakes below malnutrition thresholds in the most vulnerable countries. Differences in access to international trade determine the impact of supply disruptions and suggest the need for policy measures to defuse the impending food crisis.
The effect of pharmacist-initiated perioperative multidisciplinary pharmaceutical care model and clinical pathway on pain management in patients undergoing orthopedic surgery: a before-after study
Authors: Wang Ruolun , Liu Benyue , Feng Xia , Tang Bo , Chen Binwei , He Yuhong , Lu Junxiong
Published: February 2023

Background
Poor pain control is common in perioperative orthopedic surgeries. However, there is a lack of exploration of the clinical pharmacy practice model for this population.
Aim
To construct a perioperative pharmaceutical care model and clinical pathway for patients undergoing orthopedic surgeries and evaluate their impact on pain management.
Method
This historical before-and-after study was conducted in the Department of Orthopedics of a tertiary hospital in Guangdong Province, China. The control group was surgical patients who received routine diagnosis and treatment. The intervention group received pain management from a multidisciplinary team based on a pharmacist-initiated pharmaceutical care practice model and clinical pathways for medication management. The primary outcome measures were postoperative pain at rest (PAR) and movement-evoked pain (MEP) scores, number of breakthrough pains, and length of hospital stay.
Results
A total of 320 orthopedic surgery patients were included in the study. Among patients with expected moderate or severe postoperative pain (82.5%), significantly lower PAR and MEP scores were observed in the intervention group 24 hours after the operation compared to the control group (P<0.05). Compared to the control group, hospital stay in the intervention group was shortened by 2.3 days (P<0.001). However, there were no significant differences in the control of breakthrough pain and the incidence of adverse drug reactions (P>0.05).
Conclusion
Pharmacist-initiated multidisciplinary perioperative pain management practice models and clinical pathways could improve outcome indicators related to pain management and realize the role and value of pharmacists.
Metals in the Réunion harrier - tissue concentrations and meaning for conservation
Authors: Hadjadji Cloé , Augiron Steve , Crini Nadia , Amiot Caroline , Driget Vincent , Tourmetz Julie , Renault Samantha , Coeurdassier Michael
Published: February 2023

The Réunion harriers is an endemic raptor on Réunion Island. Several threats endanger its population, poisoning by rodenticides being considered as the main one currently. No information is available on its exposure to other chemicals notably trace metal elements such as lead (Pb), mercury (Hg), and cadmium (Cd). The Réunion harrier is still victim of poaching nowadays. When shooting is not lethal, animals may carry embedded shot in their body and thus be exposed to toxic level of Pb as demonstrated for other raptors. Moreover, recent monitoring suggests a decrease of its breeding success over time. It is known that Hg and Cd could impair reproduction and disturb embryo development in birds. The aim is to measure metal concentrations in the tissues of 30 carcasses of harrier collected from 2016 to 2021. Lead was analysed in liver and humerus while Hg and Cd were measured in livers. Concentrations were compared to toxicological reference values. Overall, the Reunion harrier was not exposed to toxic levels of Pb or Cd. For Hg, 53% of the individuals have residues higher than the threshold compatible with oxidative stress, 13% having liver concentrations above those compatible with reproduction impairment. A positive correlation was found between the proportion of urban area within 55 km² around a harrier and Hg concentration in liver. We conclude that Hg exposure could be a threat for the Réunion harrier population and recommend monitoring the exposure of the most sensitive stages, i.e., embryos and nestlings, to this metal with non-invasive methods.
GS and GPAs relieve radiation-induced apoptosis and pyroptosis in intestinal epithelial cell via Caspase3/GSDME pathway
Authors: Shi Kai , Chen Fei , Li Xiang , Liang Chen , Wei Liang
Published: February 2023

Exposure to ionizing radiation(IR) such as abdominal and pelvic radiotherapy can result in severe intestinal injury, which is alleviated by Ginsenosides(GS) and Ginsenophenolic acids(GPAs). After treatment of IEC6 cells with IR, the growth of the cells was inhibited and the cleavage of Caspase 3 was induced, which was accompanied by the cleavage of Gasdermin E (GSDME), leading to cell apoptosis and pyroptosis. In addition, after adding caspase-3 inhibitor, the indexes of apoptosis and pyroptosis were decreased, indicating that caspase 3-dependent cleavage of GSDME promotes the apoptosis and pyroptosis of IEC6 cells. The IEC6 cells were treated with GS,GPAs and GPS before IR, and the results showed that GS and GPAs could repair the apoptosis and pyroptosis , and alleviate the increase of ROS caused by IR. Moreover, the addition of GS or GPAs can promote cell proliferation. These results suggest that IR induces apoptosis and GSDME-dependent pyroptosis through Caspase 3 activation, which can be relieved by GS and GPAs, thus supporting the potential of GS and GPAs as prevention and treatment of IR-induced intestinal injury.
Elderly and their companion animals, cause for pleasure or for harm, a case report of a non- bite Pasteurella multocida bacteremia in an 85 year old woman
Authors: Ali Evien , Tytgat Niek , Vergote Lieven , Devue Katleen , Nonneman Bart
Published: February 2023

We present a case of an elderly woman suffering from Pasteurella multocida (P. multocida) bacteremia, without obvious bite marks, but owning a pet dog. Although the patient was not immunocompromised, and prompt treatment with antibiotics was initiated, she developed severe septic shock with multiple organ failure and died. In healthy individuals, an infection caused by this bacteria is easy to treat and often harmless, whereas in elderly serious complications can occur. To our knowledge, this is the first report of a fatal outcome of a P. multocida bacteremia in a non-immunocompromised, yet elderly patient. Given the growing cohort of elderly pet-owners seeking medical care, a heightened awareness of zoonosis and its potential fatal outcome is warranted.
A plant peroxisome lipase, SSD5, is required for steryl ester accumulation and activation of autoimmunity
Authors: Xie Wenjun , Li Xuan , Feng Deshun , Buffel Mélanie , Guan Suhua , Liao Wenlin , Smigielski Lara , Li Zizhang , Lenk Andrea , Yao Nan , Pedersen Carsten , Thordal-Christensen Hans
Published: February 2023

Excess cellular sterol is harmful in mammals and plants, but the mechanisms why are awaiting clarification. Here we find a strong autoimmune response to be associated to excess endoplasmic reticulum (ER) sterols. This was obtained by studying a plant peroxisome lipase, SSD5, required for the lesion phenotype of the Arabidopsis syntaxin mutant, pen1 syp122. SSD5 is a lipase with a catalytic triad including a GxSxG motif localized to a subdomain of the peroxisome periphery. Lipidomics revealed reduced steryl ester levels in pen1 syp122 when SSD5 is mutated. This involvement in sterol homeostasis was confirmed by a requirement of SSD5 for the lesions of hise1 psat1 that suffers from excess ER sterol. These data suggest SSD5 is contributing to a peroxisome-located segment of the sterol biosynthesis pathway. SSD5’s contribution to the pen1 syp122 autoimmunity is not associated with nine highly diverse down-stream immune components, and SSD5 does not influence general plant disease levels and immunity. Therefore, our data indicated SSD5 as well as ER sterol functions up-stream of immune activation. This in turn suggests plant excess ER sterol to activate one or more immune receptors.