bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Direct and indirect parental exposure to endocrine disruptors and elevated temperature influences gene expression across generations in a euryhaline model fish
Authors: DeCourten Bethany M. , Connon Richard E. , Brander Susanne M.
Published: January 2019

Aquatic organisms inhabiting polluted waterways face numerous adverse effects, including physiological disruption by endocrine disrupting compounds (EDCs). Little is known about how the temperatures associated with global climate change may influence the response of organisms exposed to EDCs, and the effects that these combined stressors may have on molecular endpoints such as gene expression. We exposed Menidia beryllina (inland silversides) to environmentally relevant concentrations (1 ng/L) of two estrogenic EDCs (bifenthrin and 17α-ethinylestradiol; EE2) at 22 °C and 28 °C. We conducted this experiment over multiple generations to better understand the potential effects to chronically exposed populations in the wild. We exposed adult parental fish (F0) for 14 days prior to spawning of the next generation. F1 larvae were then exposed from fertilization until 21 days post hatch (dph) before being transferred to clean water tanks. F1 larvae were reared to adulthood, then spawned in clean water to test for further effects of parental exposure on offspring (F2 generation). Gene expression was quantified by performing qPCR on F0 and F1 gonads, as well as F1 and F2 larvae. We did not detect any significant differences in the expression of genes measured in the parental or F1 adult gonads. We found that the 28 °C EE2 treatment significantly decreased the expression of nearly all genes measured in the F1 larvae. This pattern was transferred to the F2 generation for expression of the follicle-stimulating hormone receptor (FSHR) gene. Expression of 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (17β-HSD) and G protein-coupled receptor 30 (GPR30) revealed changes not measured in the previous generation. Effects of the bifenthrin treatments were not observed until the F2 generation, which were exposed to the chemicals indirectly as germ cells. Our results indicate that effects of EDCs and their interactions with abiotic factors, may not be adequately represented by singular generation testing. These findings will contribute to the determination of the risk of EDC contamination to organisms inhabiting contaminated waterways under changing temperature regimes.
The origin of exotic pet sugar gliders (Petaurus breviceps) kept in the United States of America
Authors: Campbell Catriona D. , Pecon-Slattery Jill , Pollak Rebecca , Joseph Leo , Holleley Clare E.
Published: January 2019

The demand for exotic non-domesticated animals kept as pets in the United States of America (USA) is increasing the exportation rates of these species from their native ranges. Often, illegal harvesting of these species is used to boost captive-bred numbers and meet this demand. One such species, the sugar glider (Petaurus breviceps), endemic to Australia and New Guinea is a popular domestic pet due to its small size and “cute” demeanour. Despite a legal avenue for trade existing in Indonesia, concerns have been raised that sugar gliders may be entering the USA from other parts of their native range where exportation is prohibited such as Australia, Papua New Guinea and the surrounding Indonesian islands. We compared previously published DNA sequences from across the native range of sugar gliders with samples collected from domestically kept sugar gliders within the USA to determine provenance and gene flow between source and introduced populations. Here we show that as predicted, the USA sugar glider population originates from West Papua, Indonesia with no illegal harvesting from other native areas such as Papua New Guinea or Australia evident in the samples tested within this study.
The Harms That Drinkers Cause: Regional Variations Within Countries
Authors: Wilsnack Richard W. , Kristjanson Arlinda F. , Wilsnack Sharon C. , Bloomfield Kim , Grittner Ulrike , Crosby Ross D.
Published: January 2019

Aims: Multinational studies of drinking and the harms it may cause typically treat countries as homogeneous. Neglecting variation within countries may lead to inaccurate conclusions about drinking behavior, particularly regarding the harms drinking causes for people other than the drinkers. This study is the first to examine whether drinkers' self-reported harms to others from drinking vary regionally within multiple countries.Design, Setting, and Participants: Analyses draw on survey data from 12,356 drinkers in 46 regions (governmental subunits) within 10 countries, collected as part of the GENACIS project (Wilsnack, Wilsnack, Kristjanson, Vogeltanz‐Holm, & Gmel, 2009).Measures: Drinkers reported on eight harms they may have caused others in the past 12 months because of their drinking. The likelihood of reporting one or more of these eight harms was evaluated by multilevel modeling (respondents nested within regions nested within countries), estimating random effects of country and region, and fixed effects of gender, age, and regional prevalence of drinking.Findings: Reports of causing one or more drinking-related harms to others differed significantly by gender and age, and also differed significantly by regions within countries. Reports did not differ significantly by regional prevalence of drinking.Conclusions: National and multinational evaluations of adverse effects of drinking on persons other than the drinkers should give more attention to how those effects may vary regionally within countries.
Hitting below the belt: Masculine honor beliefs and perceptions of unfair fighting behavior
Authors: O'Dea Conor J. , Martens Amanda L. , Saucier Donald A.
Published: January 2019

We examined the effect of masculine honor beliefs on perceptions of unfair fighting behavior. We proposed competing hypotheses about the nature of this relationship. Our Reputation by Any Means Hypothesis predicted masculine honor beliefs would be positively related to perceptions of unfair fighting behavior as permissible because they increase the likelihood of success. Conversely, our Reputation by Honorable Means Hypothesis predicted masculine honor beliefs would be negatively related to perceptions of unfair fighting behavior as permissible due to the importance of demonstrating masculinity through socially acceptable means (e.g., hitting above the belt). Across three studies, our results were generally consistent with the Reputation by Any Means Hypothesis. Individuals higher in masculine honor beliefs reporting greater perceptions of the fighting behavior as permissible, indicating they believe it is important, when involved in a physical fight, to win and to do so by any means necessary.
Fullerene Polymer Complex Inducing Dipole Electric Field for Stable Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Wu Congcong , Wang Kai , Yan Yongke , Yang Dong , Jiang Yuanyuan , Chi Bo , Liu Jianzhao , Esker Alan R. , Rowe Jennifer , Morris Amanda J. , Sanghadasa Mohan , Priya Shashank
Published: January 2019

Lead halide perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have demonstrated great potential for realizing low‐cost and easily fabricated photovoltaics. At this juncture, power conversion efficiency and long‐term stability are two important factors limiting their transition. PSCs exhibit rapid environmental degradation since the perovskite layer is very sensitive to factors such as humidity, temperature, and ultraviolet light. Here, a novel successful approach is demonstrated that simultaneously improves the efficiency and stability of PSCs. This approach relies on incorporation of a dual‐functional polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA)–fullerene complex into the perovskite layer. The fullerene within perovskite layer forms a localized dipole‐like electric field that favors electron–hole separation, resulting in significant improvement in current density and fill factor with conversion efficiency reaching 18.4%. The molecular‐scale coating of hydrophobic PMMA on the perovskite grain boundary effectively blocks moisture penetration into the perovskite, thereby, significantly improving the stability against moisture, heat, and light. The PSCs with PMMA–fullerene complex showed no photovoltaic performance degradation for 250 d and exhibited 60 times higher stability compared to the state‐of‐the‐art devices under continuous 1 sun illumination in ambient air.
Anisotropic Nanoscale Presentation of Cell Adhesion Ligand Enhances the Recruitment of Diverse Integrins in Adhesion Structures and Mechanosensing‐Dependent Differentiation of Stem Cells
Authors: Wong Siu Hong Dexter , Yin Bohan , Yang Boguang , Lin Sien , Li Rui , Feng Qian , Yang Hongrong , Zhang Lei , Yang Zhengmeng , Li Gang , Choi Chung Hang Jonathan , Bian Liming
Published: January 2019

The nanoscale anisotropic patterns of bioactive ligands in the extracellular matrix regulate cell adhesion behaviors. However, the mechanisms of such regulation remain unclear. Here, RGD‐bearing gold nanorods (AuNRs) are conjugated with different aspect ratios (ARs, from 1 to 7) on cell culture substrates to decouple the effect of nanoscale anisotropic presentation of cell adhesive RGD peptides on cell adhesion. Compared with AuNRs with small ARs, AuNRs with large ARs significantly promote cell spreading, the alignment of the basal cytoskeletal structure, and nanopodia attachment. Furthermore, both ‐β3 and ‐β1 class integrins are recruited to AuNRs with large ARs, thereby promoting the development of focal adhesion toward fibrillar adhesion, whereas the recruitment of diverse integrins and the development of cell adhesion structures are hindered by small ARs AuNRs. The anisotropic presentation of ligands by large AR AuNRs better activates mechanotransduction signaling molecules. These findings are confirmed both in vitro and in vivo. Hence the enhanced mechanotransduction promotes osteogenic differentiation in stem cells. These findings demonstrate the potential use of well‐controlled synthetic nanoplatforms to unravel the fundamental mechanisms of cell adhesion and associated signaling at the molecular level and to provide valuable guidance for the rational design of biomaterials with tailored bioactive functions.
A Photoresponsive Rutile TiO2 Heterojunction with Enhanced Electron–Hole Separation for High‐Performance Hydrogen Evolution
Authors: Gao Chaomin , Wei Tao , Zhang Yanyan , Song Xiaohan , Huan Yu , Liu Hong , Zhao Mingwen , Yu Jinghua , Chen Xiaodong
Published: January 2019

Rutile titanium dioxide (TiO2) is a promising photocatalyst due to its high thermodynamic stability and few intragrain defects. However, it has not yet achieved photocatalytic activity comparable to that of anatase TiO2 owing to its higher recombination rate of electron–hole pairs. To effectively separate the electron–hole pairs in rutile TiO2, a facet heterojunction (FH) structure to prolong the lifetime of the photogenerated electrons is proposed. Ultrathin TiO2 nanosheets with different facets are coated in situ onto TiO2 nanorod (NR) substrates, where FHs are built among the nanosheets as well as between the nanosheets and NR substrates. The as‐prepared rutile TiO2, with an FH structure (FH‐TiO2), serves as an effective photocatalyst for water splitting. More than 45 and 18 times higher photogenerated current density and H2 production rate, respectively, are obtained compared to those of pure rutile TiO2 NRs. Moreover, FH‐TiO2 delivers a 0.566 mmol g−1 h−1 H2 production rate even in pure water. This study offers important insights into the rational design of rutile TiO2 structures for highly efficient photocatalytic reactions.
Access to Disparate Soft Matter Materials by Curing with Two Colors of Light
Authors: Bialas Sabrina , Michalek Lukas , Marschner David E. , Krappitz Tim , Wegener Martin , Blinco James , Blasco Eva , Frisch Hendrik , Barner‐Kowollik Christopher
Published: January 2019

A platform technology for multimaterial photoresists that can be orthogonally cured by disparate colors of light is introduced. The resist's photochemistry is designed such that one wavelength selectively activates the crosslinking of one set of macromolecules, while a different wavelength initiates network formation of a different set of chains. Each wavelength is thus highly selective towards a specific photoligation reaction within the resist. Critically, the shorter wavelength does not induce ligation of the longer wavelength selective species within the same resist mixture, defined as “wavelength orthogonality.” Uniquely, this dual‐color addressable resist system allows generating spatially resolved soft matter materials by simply selecting the curing wavelength, thus constituting a wavelength‐orthogonal multimaterial resist with applications ranging from coatings to 3D additive manufacturing of multimaterial architectures.
Cancer mortality and exposure to nickel and chromium compounds in a cohort of Italian electroplaters
Authors: Sciannameo Veronica , Ricceri Fulvio , Soldati Simona , Scarnato Corrado , Gerosa Alberto , Giacomozzi Giuseppe , d'Errico Angelo
Published: January 2019

Background

Nickel and chromium‐VI compounds are carcinogens for lung cancer, although it is still debated if there is an increased risk at low levels of exposure and for other cancers.

Methods

In a cohort of 2991 Italian electroplaters, a proportion of whom were exposed to low levels of nickel and/or chromium, cumulative exposure to their compounds was obtained by multiplying average concentrations of the metals in each electroplating tank by duration of employment in the company. The association of exposure to compounds with mortality was assessed by multivariable Cox models.

Results

No cancer site was associated with chromium exposure controlling for nickel, whereas exposure to nickel significantly increased mortality from lung, rectal, and kidney cancers, even after adjusting for exposure to chromium.

Conclusions

Study results suggest that exposure to nickel compounds may increase the risk of lung cancer even below its occupational exposure limit and indicate possible associations with other cancer sites.
Cornelia de Lange syndrome in diverse populations
Authors: Dowsett Leah , Porras Antonio R. , Kruszka Paul , Davis Brandon , Hu Tommy , Honey Engela , Badoe Eben , Thong Meow‐Keong , Leon Eyby , Girisha Katta M. , Shukla Anju , Nayak Shalini S. , Shotelersuk Vorasuk , Megarbane Andre , Phadke Shubha , Sirisena Nirmala D. , Dissanayake Vajira H. W. , Ferreira Carlos R. , Kisling Monisha S. , Tanpaiboon Pranoot , Uwineza Annette , Mutesa Leon , Tekendo‐Ngongang Cedrik , Wonkam Ambroise , Fieggen Karen , Batista Leticia Cassimiro , Moretti‐Ferreira Danilo , Stevenson Roger E. , Prijoles Eloise J. , Everman David , Clarkson Kate , Worthington Jessica , Kimonis Virginia , Hisama Fuki , Crowe Carol , Wong Paul , Johnson Kisha , Clark Robin D. , Bird Lynne , Masser‐Frye Diane , McDonald Marie , Willems Patrick , Roeder Elizabeth , Saitta Sulgana , Anyane‐Yeoba Kwame , Demmer Laurie , Hamajima Naoki , Stark Zornitza , Gillies Greta , Hudgins Louanne , Dave Usha , Shalev Stavit , Siu Victoria , Gupta Neerja , Kabra Madhulika , Ades Ann , Dubbs Holly , Raible Sarah , Kaur Maninder , Salzano Emanuela , Jackson Laird , Deardorff Matthew , Kline Antonie , Summar Marshall , Muenke Maximilian , Linguraru Marius George , Krantz Ian D.
Published: January 2019

Cornelia de Lange syndrome (CdLS) is a dominant multisystemic malformation syndrome due to mutations in five genes—NIPBL, SMC1A, HDAC8, SMC3, and RAD21. The characteristic facial dysmorphisms include microcephaly, arched eyebrows, synophrys, short nose with depressed bridge and anteverted nares, long philtrum, thin lips, micrognathia, and hypertrichosis. Most affected individuals have intellectual disability, growth deficiency, and upper limb anomalies. This study looked at individuals from diverse populations with both clinical and molecularly confirmed diagnoses of CdLS by facial analysis technology. Clinical data and images from 246 individuals with CdLS were obtained from 15 countries. This cohort included 49% female patients and ages ranged from infancy to 37 years. Individuals were grouped into ancestry categories of African descent, Asian, Latin American, Middle Eastern, and Caucasian. Across these populations, 14 features showed a statistically significant difference. The most common facial features found in all ancestry groups included synophrys, short nose with anteverted nares, and a long philtrum with thin vermillion of the upper lip. Using facial analysis technology we compared 246 individuals with CdLS to 246 gender/age matched controls and found that sensitivity was equal or greater than 95% for all groups. Specificity was equal or greater than 91%. In conclusion, we present consistent clinical findings from global populations with CdLS while demonstrating how facial analysis technology can be a tool to support accurate diagnoses in the clinical setting. This work, along with prior studies in this arena, will assist in earlier detection, recognition, and treatment of CdLS worldwide.
A review of aromatic l‐amino acid decarboxylase (AADC) deficiency in Taiwan
Authors: Lee Ni‐Chung , Chien Yin‐Hsiu , Hwu Wuh‐Liang
Published: January 2019

Aromatic l‐amino acid decarboxylase deficiency (AADCD) is a rare inherited disease prevalent in South East Asia. This disease is due to the founder mutation IVS 6 + 4A > T (c.714 + 4A > T), which accounts for most alleles. Patients with this mutation have severe phenotypes. About 90 % of these patients in South East Asia do not have head control and cannot sit, stand, or speak from birth to the time of observation. In 2012, a gene study to treat these patients with intraputamen injection of adeno‐associated virus2‐human AADC showed prominent motor improvement and an increased PDMS‐2 score 12 months after treatment. In addition, systemic gene therapy in a mouse model of AADCD achieved widespread correction of the Ddc gene. In this article, we review the natural history, clinical course, and treatment effects seen in these clinical and mouse studies. Future studies focusing on noninvasive viral vector delivery or alternative emerging treatments may also benefit patients with AADCD.
Ni‐Catalyzed Deacylative Oxosulfonamidation of Vinyl Acetate
Authors: Panda Niranjan , Arpitabala Yadav Sushree
Published: January 2019

A simple and efficient method for the synthesis of benzoxazolidines from the reaction of sulfonamidoalcohol and vinyl acetate was reported. The Ni‐catalyzed deacylation of vinyl acetate results in O‐alkenylated intermediate, which subsequently undergoes intramolecular annulation to afford C2‐alkylated benzoxazolidines. Scope of this method was also extended for the synthesis of other heterocycles of this class such as oxazolidine, benzoxazinolidine and benzimidazolidine. Halofunctionalization was also performed in‐situ in a sequential fashion in the presence of a halogen source. Most importantly, this reaction operates under ligand‐free conditions by using a bench‐top catalyst and does not require any inert atmosphere or dry solvent or any expensive terminal oxidant.
Unraveling the Composition of Rembrandt's Impasto through the Identification of Unusual Plumbonacrite by Multimodal X‐ray Diffraction Analysis
Authors: Gonzalez Victor , Cotte Marine , Wallez Gilles , van Loon Annelies , de Nolf Wout , Eveno Myriam , Keune Katrien , Noble Petria , Dik Joris
Published: January 2019

Rembrandt (1606–1669) is renowned for his impasto technique, involving his use of lead white paint with outstanding rheological properties. This paint was obtained by combining lead white pigment (a mixture of cerussite PbCO3 and hydrocerussite Pb3(CO3)2(OH)2) with an organic binding medium, but the exact formulation used by Rembrandt remains a mystery. A powerful combination of high‐angle and high‐lateral resolution x‐ray diffraction was used to investigate several microscopic paint samples from four Rembrandt masterpieces. A rare lead compound, plumbonacrite (Pb5(CO3)3O(OH)2), was detected in areas of impasto. This can be considered a fingerprint of Rembrandt's recipe and is evidence of the use of an alkaline binding medium, which sheds a new light on Rembrandt's pictorial technique.
Mikhail Kucherov: “The Experiment Confirmed my Hypothesis”
Authors: Rulev Alexander Yu. , Ponomarev Dmitry A.
Published: January 2019

Named reactions are key points in the development of chemistry. Any competent chemist easily identifies the reaction named after Wittig, or Grignard, Diels–Alder, or Friedel–Crafts, Michael, or Favorsky. But how much do we can say about scientist who discovered it? This Essay is devoted to the transition‐metal‐catalyzed hydration of acetylenic hydrocarbons discovered by Russian chemist Mikhail Kucherov. This reaction is one of the most straightforward methods for the synthesis of carbonyl compounds. With it, in industry for a long time acetaldehyde was essentially manufactured from accessible unsaturated raw material—acetylene. This reaction is one of the first steps in the establishment of homogenous metal complex catalysis in organic synthesis. Herein, we described the history of this discovery and the role of many scientists in the development of research in this field. We would also like to show the life of Russian scientists in the latter half of the 19th century.
Samarium Polyarsenides Derived from Nanoscale Arsenic
Authors: Schoo Christoph , Bestgen Sebastian , Egeberg Alexander , Seibert Jasmin , Konchenko Sergey N. , Feldmann Claus , Roesky Peter W.
Published: January 2019

Zintl phases of arsenic and molecular compounds containing Zintl‐type polyarsenide ions are of fundamental interest in basic and applied sciences. Unfortunately, the most obvious and reactive arsenic source for the preparation of defined molecular polyarsenide compounds, yellow arsenic As4, is very inconvenient to prepare and neither storable in pure form nor easy to handle. Herein, we present the synthesis and reactivity of elemental As0 nanoparticles (As0Nano, d=7.2±1.8 nm), which were successfully utilized as a reactive arsenic source in reductive f‐element chemistry. Starting from [Cp*2Sm] (Cp*=η5‐C5Me5), the samarium polyarsenide complexes [(Cp*2Sm)2(μ‐η2:η2‐As2)] and [(Cp*2Sm)4As8] were obtained from As0nano, thereby generating the largest molecular polyarsenide of the f‐elements and circumventing the use of As4 in preparative chemistry.
Rhodium‐Catalyzed PIII‐Directed ortho‐C−H Borylation of Arylphosphines
Authors: Wen Jian , Wang Dingyi , Qian Jiasheng , Wang Di , Zhu Chendan , Zhao Yue , Shi Zhuangzhi
Published: January 2019

Transition‐metal‐mediated metalation of an aromatic C−H bond that is adjacent to a tertiary phosphine group in arylphosphines via a four‐membered chelate ring was first discovered in 1968. Herein, we overcome a long‐standing problem with the ortho‐C−H activation of arylphosphines in a catalytic fashion. In particular, we developed a rhodium‐catalyzed ortho‐selective C−H borylation of various commercially available arylphosphines with B2pin2 through PIII‐chelation‐assisted C−H activation. This discovery is suggestive of a generic platform that could enable the late‐stage modification of readily accessible arylphosphines.
Profiling of Gene Expression Biomarkers as a Classifier of Methotrexate Nonresponse in Patients With Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Plant Darren , Maciejewski Mateusz , Smith Samantha , Nair Nisha ,   the Maximising Therapeutic Utility in Rheumatoid Arthritis Consortium, the RAMS Study Group, Hyrich Kimme , Ziemek Daniel , Barton Anne , Verstappen Suzanne
Published: January 2019

Objective

Approximately 30–40% of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients who are initially started on low‐dose methotrexate (MTX) will not benefit from the treatment. To date, no reliable biomarkers of MTX inefficacy in RA have been identified. The aim of this study was to analyze whole blood samples from RA patients at 2 time points (pretreatment and 4 weeks following initiation of MTX), to identify gene expression biomarkers of the MTX response.

Methods

RA patients who were about to commence treatment with MTX were selected from the Rheumatoid Arthritis Medication Study. Using European League Against Rheumatism (EULAR) response criteria, 42 patients were categorized as good responders and 43 as nonresponders at 6 months following the initation of MTX treatment. Data on whole blood transcript expression were generated, and supervised machine learning methods were used to predict a EULAR nonresponse. Models in which transcript levels were included were compared to models in which clinical covariates alone (e.g., baseline disease activity, sex) were included. Gene network and ontology analysis was also performed.

Results

Based on the ratio of transcript values (i.e., the difference in log2‐transformed expression values between 4 weeks of treatment and pretreatment), a highly predictive classifier of MTX nonresponse was developed using L2‐regularized logistic regression (mean ± SEM area under the receiver operating characteristic [ROC] curve [AUC] 0.78 ± 0.11). This classifier was superior to models that included clinical covariates (ROC AUC 0.63 ± 0.06). Pathway analysis of gene networks revealed significant overrepresentation of type I interferon signaling pathway genes in nonresponders at pretreatment (P = 2.8 × 10−25) and at 4 weeks after treatment initiation (P = 4.9 × 10−28).

Conclusion

Testing for changes in gene expression between pretreatment and 4 weeks post–treatment initiation may provide an early classifier of the MTX treatment response in RA patients who are unlikely to benefit from MTX over 6 months. Such patients should, therefore, have their treatment escalated more rapidly, which would thus potentially impact treatment pathways. These findings emphasize the importance of a role for early treatment biomarker monitoring in RA patients started on MTX.
Antimycotic Activity Potentiation of Allium sativum Extract and Silver Nanoparticles against Trichophyton rubrum
Authors: Robles‐Martínez Marissa , González Juan Fernando Cárdenas , Pérez‐Vázquez Francisco Javier , Montejano‐Carrizales Juan Martín , Pérez Elías , Patiño‐Herrera Rosalba
Published: January 2019

A natural and biocompatible extract of garlic as a support, decorated with silver nanoparticles, is a proposal to generate an effective antifungal agent against dermatophytes at low concentrations. Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) with a diameter of 26±7 nm were synthesized and their antimycotic activity was examined against Trichophyton rubrum (T. rubrum), inhibiting 94 % of growth at a concentration of 0.08 mg ml−1. Allium sativum (garlic) extract was also obtained (AsExt), and its MIC was 0.04 mg ml−1. To increase the antifungal capacity of those systems, AsExt was decorated with AgNPs, obtaining AsExt‐AgNPs. Using an AsExt concentration of 0.04 mg ml−1 in independent experiments with concentrations from 0.01 to 0.08 mg ml−1 of AgNPs, it was possible to inhibit T. rubrum at all AgNPs concentrations; it proves a synergistic effect between AgNPs and AsExt. Even if 1 % of the minimum inhibitory concentration of AsExt (0.0004 mg ml−1) is used, it was possible to inhibit T. rubrum at all concentrations of AgNPs, demonstrating the successful antimycotic activity potentiation when combining AsExt and AgNPs.
A novel familial 9q31.2q32 microdeletion: Muscle cramping, somnolence, fatigue, sensorineural hearing loss, pubertal delay, and short stature
Authors: Ramineni Anand K. , Burgess Trent , Cruickshanks Penny , Coman David
Published: January 2019

Key Clinical Message

We report a novel 9q31.2q32 (chr9: 109195179‐113974353, hg 18) microdeletion characterized by fatigue, muscle cramps, short stature, delayed puberty, sensorineural hearing loss, and mild developmental delay. Overlapping microdeletions reported in this region also demonstrate facial dysmorphism, skeletal anomalies, cleft palate, and cardiac valvular abnormalities. In comparing these cases, we suggest critical region of chr9: 109711873‐113407621 (hg 18).
Nickel‐Catalyzed Hydrophosphonylation and Hydrogenation of Aromatic Nitriles Assisted by Lewis Acid
Authors: Islas Rosa E. , García Juventino J.
Published: January 2019

In this paper, we describe the catalytic hydrophosphonylation of several aromatic nitriles used to synthesize α‐aminophosphonates (α‐APs) using commercially available trialkyl phosphites (P(OR)3, R=Et, iPr, Bu,) and simple and inexpensive nickel chloride (NiCl2.6H2O) as the catalytic precursor. The use of triethylborane (Et3B) as a Lewis acid (LA) was mandatory in order to successfully perform H‐phosphite moiety incorporation at the CN bond of non‐activated benzonitriles (BN) derivatives. Interestingly, when a highly activated BN such as 2,3,4,5,6‐pentafluorobenzonitrile (BN‐g) was employed, it was possible to perform the reaction in the absence of an LA using milder reaction conditions. Also, we found that using HP(O)(OiPr)2 as a starting material afforded the aminobisphosphonate derivative with better selectivity than using the method involving P(OiPr)3 as the initial reagent. Remarkably, when using HP(O)(OiPr)2 with an excess of Et3B, the reaction's selectivity completely changed to yield N‐benzyl‐ benzylimine (BBI) and 2,4,5‐triphenylimidazole.
Business contribution to the Sustainable Development Agenda: Organizational factors related to early adoption of SDG reporting
Authors: Rosati Francesco , Faria Lourenço Galvão Diniz
Published: January 2019

Business can play a critical role in the achievement of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Contextually, business reporting on the SDGs can support organizations in planning, implementing, measuring, and communicating their SDG efforts. This study investigates the relationship between early adoption of SDG reporting and a series of organizational factors by combining data from two databases—provided by the Global Reporting Initiative and Orbis—to identify the organizations that addressed the SDGs in their sustainability reports and their respective structural characteristics. The study, using a logit model based on data from 408 organizations worldwide, indicates that early adoption of SDG reporting is related to a larger size, a higher level of intangible assets, a higher commitment to sustainability frameworks and external assurance, a higher share of female directors, and a younger board of directors. The study contributes to the academic and practical understanding of factors related to the decision to engage early in new sustainability frameworks and practices.
Twice upon a time: Examining the effect socio‐economic status has on the experience of dyslexia in the United Kingdom
Authors: Macdonald Stephen J. , Deacon Lesley
Published: January 2019

From the mid‐1990s, there have been a number of campaigns aimed at raising awareness of dyslexia and social inclusion. In conjunction with these campaigns, educational and employment policies have been implemented that advocate inclusive and workplace adjustments for people with dyslexia. This study aims to explore the intersectional relationship between dyslexia and socio‐economic status. The findings analyse adult perceptions of education and employment, which have been shaped by 23 years of social policies promoting anti‐discriminatory practice. The study applies a quantitative approach, which collected data from a national survey conducted from 2015 to 2017. The sample consists of 442 adult participants who reported having dyslexia. The social model of disability has been applied in this study to interpret the data findings from a disability studies perspective. The article suggests that socio‐economic status significantly affects issues of diagnosis, educational, and employment experiences. The findings illustrate an intersectional relationship between socio‐economic status and disability inequalities, which have an effect on the experiences of people with dyslexia in adulthood.
Reduction of temperature influence in stress measurement using surface SH‐wave acoustoelasticity
Authors: Kitano Katsuhiko , Murata Yorinobu
Published: January 2019

Stress measurements are required to prevent collapse accidents of structures. Surface SH‐wave acoustoelasticity can measure principal stress difference nondestructively and easily. Currently, surface SH‐wave acoustoelasticity can measure with high precision using a T‐type surface SH‐wave sensor in ideal environments such as in the laboratory. However, in actual environments, it cannot be measured with high precision due to change in the temperature of the specimen. In this paper, temperature dependence of surface SH‐wave acoustoelastic constants was verified to investigate the influence of specimen temperature on surface SH‐wave acoustoelasticity. In addition, the measuring system of surface SH‐wave acoustoelasticity using a cross T‐type surface SH‐wave sensor to reduce the influence of specimen temperature was developed.
Cardiac function response to stenting in atherosclerotic renal artery disease with and without heart failure: results from the Carmel study
Authors: Kawarada Osami , Kume Teruyoshi , Zen Kan , Nakamura Shigeru , Hozawa Koji , Akimitsu Tadafumi , Asano Hiroshi , Ando Hiroshi , Yamamoto Yoshito , Yamashita Takehiro , Shinozaki Norihiko , Odashiro Keita , Sato Tadaya , Yuba Kenichiro , Sakanoue Yuji , Uzu Takashi , Okada Kozo , Fitzgerald Peter J. , Honda Yasuhiro , Yasuda Satoshi
Published: January 2019

Aims

Consensus‐derived guidelines recommend renal stenting for patients with atherosclerotic renal artery disease (ARAD) and heart failure (HF). The aim of this prospective multi‐centre observational study was to verify our hypothesis that changes in E/e′, an echocardiographic correlate of left ventricular (LV) filling pressure, following renal stenting may differ between ARAD patients with and without HF.

Methods and results

This study enrolled de novo ARAD patients undergoing renal stenting at 14 institutions. The primary endpoint was the difference in E/e′ change between ARAD patients with and without HF. Clinical and echocardiographic data were prospectively collected at baseline, the day following renal stenting, and 1 month and 6 months afterwards. ARAD patients with HF were defined as patients with New York Heart Association (NYHA) Class 2 and more, or a history of HF hospitalization. A total of 76 patients were included, and 39% were ARAD patients with HF. ARAD patients with HF had significantly lower estimated glomerular filtration rate (P = 0.028) and higher NYHA functional class (P < 0.001) and Minnesota Living with Heart Failure Questionnaire (MLHFQ) score (P = 0.001) than ARAD patients without HF. Also, ARAD patients with HF had significantly lower LV ejection fraction (P = 0.003) and e′‐velocity (P = 0.003) and higher E/e′ ratio (P = 0.001), left atrial volume index (LAVI) (P = 0.046), LV end‐diastolic volume (LVEDV) (P = 0.001), LV end‐systolic volume (LVESV) (P = 0.001), and LV mass index (P = 0.009) than ARAD patients without HF. All procedures were successful. In contrast to blood pressure and renal function, there was a significant interaction in E/e′ (Pinteraction < 0.001) between time and HF, and ARAD patients with HF showed a significant (P < 0.001) decrease in E/e′ albeit those without HF. By the same token, there was a significant interaction in NYHA class (Pinteraction < 0.001), MLHFQ score (Pinteraction = 0.018), E‐velocity (Pinteraction = 0.002), LAVI (Pinteraction = 0.001), LVEDV (Pinteraction = 0.003), and LVESV (Pinteraction = 0.001) between time and HF with a significant improvement in all these variables in ARAD patients with HF (NYHA class, P = 0.001; MLHFQ score, P = 0.002; E‐velocity, P = 0.005; LAVI, P = 0.001; LVEDV, P = 0.017; and LVESV, P = 0.011).

Conclusions

Change in LV filling pressure after renal stenting differed between ARAD patients with and without HF, with a significant improvement in LV filling pressure in patients with HF‐ARAD. These unique findings might support clinical cardiac benefits of renal stenting in ARAD patients with HF.
Cytoplasmic PARP‐1 promotes pancreatic cancer tumorigenesis and resistance
Authors: Xu Fei , Sun Yong , Yang Shan‐Zhong , Zhou Tong , Jhala Nirag , McDonald Jay , Chen Yabing
Published: January 2019

The poly(ADP‐ribose) polymerases (PARP) play important roles in repairing damaged DNA during intrinsic cell death. We recently linked PARP‐1 to death receptor (DR)‐activated extrinsic apoptosis, the present studies sought to elucidate the function of cytoplasmic PARP‐1 in pancreatic cancer tumorigenesis and therapy. Using human normal and pancreatic cancer tissues, we analyzed the prevalence of cytoplasmic PARP‐1 expression. In normal human pancreatic tissues, PARP‐1 expression was present in the nucleus; however, cytoplasmic PARP‐1 expression was identified in pancreatic cancers. Therefore, cytoplasmic PARP‐1 mutants were generated by site‐direct mutagenesis, to determine a causative effect of cytoplasmic PARP‐1 on pancreatic cancer tumorigenesis and sensitivity to therapy with TRA‐8, a humanized DR5 antibody. PARP‐1 cytoplasmic mutants rendered TRA‐8 sensitive pancreatic cancer cells, BxPc‐3 and MiaPaCa‐2, more resistant to TRA‐8‐induced apoptosis; whereas wild‐type PARP‐1, localizing mainly in the nucleus, had no effects. Additionally, cytoplasmic PARP‐1, but not wild‐type PARP‐1, increased resistance of BxPc‐3 cells to TRA‐8 therapy in a mouse xenograft model in vivo. Inhibition of PARP enzymatic activity attenuated cytoplasmic PARP‐1‐mediated TRA‐8 resistance. Furthermore, increased cytoplasmic PARP‐1, but not wild‐type PARP‐1, was recruited into the TRA‐8‐activated death‐inducing signaling complex and associated with increased and sustained activation of Src‐mediated survival signals. In contrast, PARP‐1 knockdown inhibited Src activation. Taken together, we have identified a novel function and mechanism underlying cytoplasmic PARP‐1, distinct from nuclear PARP‐1, in regulating DR5‐activated apoptosis. Our studies support an innovative application of available PARP inhibitors or new cytoplasmic PARP‐1 antagonists to enhance TRAIL therapy for TRAIL‐resistant pancreatic cancers.
Panitumumab‐based maintenance after oxaliplatin discontinuation in metastatic colorectal cancer: A retrospective analysis of two randomised trials
Authors: Modest Dominik Paul , Rivera Fernando , Bachet Jean‐Baptiste , de Braud Filippo , Pietrantonio Filippo , Koukakis Reija , Demonty Gaston , Douillard Jean‐Yves
Published: January 2019

Panitumumab is approved for RAS wild‐type metastatic colorectal cancer and was evaluated in Phase III (PRIME, NCT00364013) and Phase II (PEAK, NCT00819780) first‐line randomised studies. This retrospective analysis of these trials investigated efficacy and toxicity of panitumumab‐based maintenance after oxaliplatin discontinuation in RAS wild‐type patients. First‐line regimens were FOLFOX4 ± panitumumab in PRIME and mFOLFOX6 plus panitumumab or mFOLFOX6 plus bevacizumab in PEAK. Outcomes included median progression‐free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS), from randomisation and oxaliplatin discontinuation, and toxicity. Overall, median duration of panitumumab plus 5‐fluorouracil/leucovorin (5‐FU/LV) maintenance was 21 (interquartile range: 11–41) weeks; that of 5‐FU/LV ± bevacizumab maintenance was 16 (6–31) weeks. Median OS from randomisation was 40.2 (95% confidence interval: 30.3–50.4) and 39.1 (34.2–63.0) months for panitumumab plus 5‐FU/LV maintenance and 24.1 (17.7–33.0) and 28.9 (21.0–32.0) months for 5‐FU/LV ± bevacizumab maintenance in PRIME and PEAK, respectively. Median PFS from randomisation was 16.6 (11.3–23.6) and 15.4 (11.6–18.4) months for panitumumab plus 5‐FU/LV maintenance and 12.6 (9.4–16.2) and 13.1 (9.5–16.6) months for 5‐FU/LV ± bevacizumab maintenance in PRIME and PEAK, respectively. From oxaliplatin discontinuation, median OS was 33.9 (24.7–42.8) and 33.5 (24.5–54.9) months for panitumumab plus 5‐FU/LV maintenance and 16.4 (12.4–24.1) and 23.3 (15.7–26.3) months for 5‐FU/LV ± bevacizumab maintenance in PRIME and PEAK, respectively; PFS was 11.7 (7.8–19.2) and 9.7 (5.8–14.8) months and 7.1 (5.6–10.2) and 7.0 (3.9–10.6) months, respectively. The most frequently reported adverse events were rash, fatigue and diarrhoea. Maintenance of panitumumab plus 5‐FU/LV after oxaliplatin discontinuation was well tolerated and may be an acceptable treatment paradigm for patients demonstrating a good response to first‐line treatment. Prospective studies are warranted.
An investigation of ICT development in Myanmar
Authors: Htun Khaing Sandar
Published: January 2019

A theoretical framework with seven domains of expertise including 131 items associated with technologies and ICT professional knowledge and skills is used to examine the development of ICT in the nation of Myanmar. Data collected from 63 organizations spanning government, education, and private enterprise are analyzed to determine the importance of these items at present and within the next 5 years. The findings are compared with predictions made for technologically developed nations, findings from a previous study in Myanmar, and studies in other developing nations (Thailand and Vietnam). Overall, Myanmar is shown to be at an early stage of development with emphases mainly on the use of ICT for day‐to‐day operational activities. The findings contribute to filling the void of information available about ICT development in Myanmar and are highly relevant to interested organizations in the public and private sectors that are internal or external to Myanmar.
Trends in mortality among ART‐treated HIV‐infected adults in the Asia‐Pacific region between 1999 and 2017: results from the TREAT Asia HIV Observational Database (TAHOD) and Australian HIV Observational Database (AHOD) of IeDEA Asia‐Pacific
Authors: Jung In Young , Rupasinghe Dhanushi , Woolley Ian , O'Connor Catherine C , Giles Michelle , Azwa Raja ISR , Choi Jun Yong ,   IeDEA Asia‐Pacific
Published: January 2019

Introduction

AIDS‐related deaths in people living with HIV/AIDS have been decreasing in number since the introduction of combination antiretroviral treatment (cART). However, data on recent causes of death in the Asia‐Pacific region are limited. Hence, we analysed and compared AIDS‐related and non‐AIDS–related mortality in high‐ and low‐income settings in the region.

Methods

Patients from the TREAT Asia HIV Observational Database (TAHOD) and Australian HIV Observational Database (AHOD) receiving cART between 1999 and 2017 were included. Causes of death verification were based on review of the standardized Cause of Death (CoDe) form designed by the D:A:D group. Cohorts were grouped as AHOD (all high‐income sites), TAHOD‐high (high/upper‐middle income countries) and TAHOD‐low (lower‐middle income countries). TAHOD sites were split into high/upper‐middle income and lower‐middle income country settings based on World Bank classifications. Competing risk regression was used to analyse factors associated with AIDS and non‐AIDS–related mortality.

Results

Of 10,386 patients, 522 died; 187 from AIDS‐related and 335 from non‐AIDS–related causes. The overall incidence rate of deaths during follow‐up was 0.28 per 100 person‐years (/100 PYS) for AIDS and 0.51/100 PYS for non‐AIDS. Analysis indicated that the incidence rate of non‐AIDS mortality decreased from 0.78/100 PYS to 0.37/100 PYS from year groups 2003 to 2007 to 2013 to 2017 (p < 0.001). Similarly, incidence rates of AIDS‐related deaths decreased from 0.51/100 PYS to 0.09/100 PYS from year groups 2003 to 2007 to 2013 to 2017 (p < 0.001). More recent years of follow‐up were associated with reduced hazard for non‐AIDS mortality (2008 to 2012: aSHR (adjusted sub‐hazard ratio) 0.72, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.54 to 0.96, p = 0.027; 2013 to 2017: aSHR 0.64, 95% CI 0.47 to 0.87, p = 0.004) compared to years 2003 to 2007. The AHOD cohort had almost twice the hazard of non‐AIDS mortality compared to TAHOD‐low (lower‐middle income sites) (aSHR 1.72, 95% CI, 1.20 to 2.46, p = 0.003); there were no differences between cohorts for AIDS‐related mortality (p = 0.834).

Conclusion

AIDS and non‐AIDS–related mortality rates have decreased over the past years in the Asia‐Pacific region. There is a greater risk for non‐AIDS–associated deaths in the AHOD cohort compared to lower‐middle income settings in TAHOD.
Production, characterization, and applications of bioemulsifiers (BE) and biosurfactants (BS) produced by Acinetobacter spp.: A review
Authors: Mujumdar Shilpa , Joshi Prachi , Karve Neha
Published: January 2019

Bioemulsifiers (BE) and biosurfactants (BS) are considered as multifunctional biomolecules of 21st century because of their functional abilities and eco‐friendly properties. They are produced by various microorganisms under versatile and extreme environmental conditions. They have tremendous applications in various industries such as petroleum, food, medicine, pharmaceutical, chemical, paper & pulp, textile, and cosmetics. Currently, they are also considered as “green molecules” because of their wide applications in bioremediation of soil. Their importance has been increasing day by day in the global market as they are the natural resources with high‐aggregate value. Although, there are numerous reports on BE and BS production by different bacteria, Acinetobacter spp. acquired special attention among all. This is because it is the earliest member known for the production of bioemulsifier. Emulsan and Alasan are the best examples of the commercially used BE produced by Acinetobacter spp. These BE are mainly used in microbial enhanced oil recovery and biodegradation of toxic compounds. This review is focused on BE and BS produced by Acinetobacter spp., their characterization and applications in different fields. This is the first review on genus Acinetobacter which defines independently about different types of BE and BS produced by it. It will also address the need of exploration of these molecules from various sources and their applications for the benefit of mankind and sustainable environment.
Sphenopalatine artery surgery for refractory idiopathic epistaxis: Systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Kitamura Takahiro , Takenaka Yukinori , Takeda Kazuya , Oya Ryohei , Ashida Naoki , Shimizu Kotaro , Takemura Kazuya , Yamamoto Yoshifumi , Uno Atsuhiko
Published: January 2019

Objectives

Epistaxis, especially posterior epistaxis, is occasionally refractory to treatment. In these cases, sphenopalatine artery surgeries, including cauterization and ligation, are required. Previous reports have demonstrated treatment results for these procedures but failed to provide high‐level evidence. The aim of this study was to quantify the rates of failure and perioperative complications of these procedures by using a meta‐analysis technique.

Methods

We systematically searched electronic databases and identified articles regarding epistaxis, sphenopalatine artery ligation, or cauterization. Pooled rebleeding and complication rates were calculated by using a random effects model.

Results

A total of 896 cases of sphenopalatine ligation or cauterization for epistaxis were analyzed. Pooled rebleeding rates for the entire cohort, cauterization group, and ligation group were 13.4% (95% confidence interval [CI] 10.0–17.8, P < 0.001), 7.2% (95% CI 4.6–11.0, P < 0.001), and 15.1% (95% CI 9.8–22.5, P < 0.001), respectively. Pooled perioperative complication rates for the entire cohort, cauterization group, and ligation group were 8.7% (95% CI 4.9–15.1, P < 0.001), 10.2% (95% CI 3.8–24.5, P < 0.001), and 6.4% (95% CI 1.8–20.9, P < 0.001), respectively.

Conclusion

Overall, sphenopalatine surgery for refractory epistaxis is an effective method because of its low rates of failure and complications. Cauterization is more effective than ligation, whereas complications are comparable between the two procedures.

Laryngoscope, 129:1731–1736, 2019