bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PROSPECÇÃO DE BIOSSURFACTANTES A PARTIR DE STREPTOMYCES SP. ISOLADOS DA RIZOSFERA DE ANIBA PARVIFLORA FRAGANS (MACACAPORANGA)
Authors: Silva Amanda de Lima , Sousa Júnior José Jeosafá de , Ramos Sara Freitas de Sousa , Silva Silvia Katrine Rabelo da , Santana Raphael Carlos Ferrer de
Published: February 2023

Cresce a procura por fontes naturais de produtos para os mais diversos usos, como indústrias e métodos de biorremediação, visto que os bioprodutos apresentam vantagens como menor toxicidade e geração de resíduos. Dentre os microrganismos geradores de bioprodutos estão as actinobactérias, reconhecidas por produzirem uma diversidade de moléculas bioativas como antibióticos, antitumorais, enzimas e biossurfactantes. Objetivo: Neste estudo foi verificado a capacidade de cepas de actinobactérias isoladas da rizosfera de Aniba parviflora Syn Fragans, em produzir substâncias biossurfactantes, avaliando sua ação emulsificante em substratos lipídicos e fósseis. Método: As cepas bacterianas foram isoladas e identificadas através de dados morfológicos, bioquímicos e moleculares. Posteriormente, foi realizada a seleção das cepas produtoras das enzimas lipase e esterase, sendo que as cepas com maiores índices enzimáticos foram selecionadas para os testes de produção de biossurfactantes. Resultados: Os 11 isolados foram identificadas como pertencentes ao gênero Streptomyces sp., e os valores de índice de emulsificação encontrados são promissores quando comparadas a estudos com o gênero Bacillus. Conclusão: A maior ação emulsificante foi registrada para o líquido do cultivo bacteriano das cepas Streptomyces sp. MPO2 e Streptomyces sp. MPO11, indicando que a ação biossurfactante seja resultante de moléculas associadas à biomassa bacteriana.
AVALIAÇÃO DA PRODUÇÃO DE ATIVIDADE ENZIMÁTICA POR FUNGOS FILAMENTOSOS COLETADOS DE SOLO AMAZÔNICO
Authors: Canto Eveleise Samira Martins , Costa Darlene Vitória Silva da , Sousa Ludyanne da Silva , Antunes Patrícia Guimaraes , Bentes Vanessa dos Santos , Sousa Yanka Silva de , Santos Taides Tavares dos
Published: February 2023

A biodiversidade de ambientes amazônicos, ainda é pouco conhecida, sobretudo quando se refere aos fungos. Esses organismos são considerados potenciais produtores de diversas substâncias de interesse biotecnológico, destacando-se as enzimas. Objetivo: isolar e identificar fungos filamentosos presentes em solos amazônicos, com potencial de produção de enzimas celulolíticas, proteolíticas e amilolíticas. Metodologia: foram selecionados três pontos para a coleta de amostras de solo localizados na Universidade Federal do Oeste do Pará, UFOPA. As amostras foram processadas no Laboratório Multidisciplinar de Biologia Aplicada – Labio. Resultados: isolou-se 20 colônias de fungos filamentosos, sendo identificadas morfologicamente e avaliadas qualitativamente quanto a atividade enzimática, amilolítica, proteolítica e celulolítica. A frequência de ocorrências dos isolados identificados foi: Paecilomyces (25%, n=5), Penicillium (10%, n=2), Aspergillus (10%, n=2) e Curvularia (10%, n=2), Fusarium (5%, n=1) e 40% dos isolados não foram identificados. A positividade para cada uma das enzimas isoladamente foi de 28,5% (n=4) para amilase, 64,3% (n=9) para protease e 78,6% (n=11) para celulase. Conclusões: destacou-se a espécie A. niger por apresentar positividade para as três enzimas de interesse. Portanto, enfatiza-se que a prospecção biotecnológica envolvendo fungos filamentosos presentes em solos amazônicos, viabiliza a preservação da biodiversidade além de revelar fontes alternativas de bioprodutos. Os resultados revelam que ainda são necessários estudos mais aprofundados para otimizar a indução e produção destas enzimas pelos isolados identificados nesta pesquisa.
Biotecnologia Microbiana - Volume 1
Authors: Silva Silvia Katrine Rabelo da , Sousa Sara Freitas de , Santana Raphael Carlos Ferrer de
Published: February 2023

Esta obra constituiu-se a partir de um processo colaborativo entre professores, estudantes e pesquisadores da área da microbiologia que reuniram alguns dos seus resultados recentes de pesquisas com foco na obtenção de produtos microbianos de interesse biotecnológico. Resulta também, de um movimento interdisciplinar trazendo como aliada a fotografia científica, onde a imagem da capa foi produzida a partir de um ensaio fotográfico para registro artístico da beleza e sutileza do trabalho executado na rotina de um laboratório de microbiologia, apresentando uma das Actinobactérias objeto de estudo nesta obra, trazendo portanto, a identidade deste livro.
Esta iniciativa se construiu a partir de um movimento interdisciplinar e interinstitucional reunindo ações de incentivo à pesquisa que uniu pesquisadores de diferentes especialidades dentro da grande área da Microbiologia de instituições de ensino superior públicas e privadas, nacionais e internacionais.
As informações aqui apresentadas tem a finalidade de estimular a leitura sobre a vivência da biotecnologia microbiana em nossa rotina e, portanto, fomentar a formação científica por meio da produção, socialização e estímulo de acesso ao conhecimento especializado.
Agradecemos aos autores pela disponibilidade, empenho e dedicação para o desenvolvimento dessa obra, especialmente por aceitarem este desafio em um momento delicado que vivemos em reclusão devido à Pandemia de COVID-19. Esperamos também que esta obra sirva de instrumento didático-pedagógico para estudantes, professores dos diversos níveis de ensino em seus trabalhos e demais interessados pela temática.
Ovipositor characteristics differ between two parasitoids (Hymenoptera, Figitidae) of Drosophila suzukii (Diptera, Drosophilidae) in an adventive landscape
Authors: Earley Nathan G. , Abram Paul K. , Lalonde Robert G. , Moffat Chandra E.
Published: February 2023

Different ovipositor characteristics among parasitoid species that share similar niches are associated with different wasp life histories and selective pressures. The length of wasp ovipositors, for example, can determine the accessibility of hosts that feed at different depths within food substrates. Two parasitoids, Ganaspis brasiliensis and Leptopilina japonica (Hymenoptera, Figitidae), which attack Drosophila suzukii (Diptera, Drosophilidae) in their native range, have been investigated for their suitability for the global biological control of the small fruit pest. Despite their sympatry in microhabitat, the parasitoids have differing host ranges, and D. suzukii parasitism rates by each parasitoid species appear to depend on the fruit species occupied by the host species. Adventive populations of both parasitoids have been detected in the Pacific Northwest of Canada and the United States where they can be found parasitizing D. suzukii larvae in crop and non-crop fruits. We dissected and measured the ovipositors of parasitoids reared from three species of fresh fruits at three sites in southwestern British Columbia, Canada, and investigated the influence of parasitoid species, fruit type, and collection site on ovipositor characteristics. We found that ovipositor length differed markedly between the two parasitoid species and between sites while ovipositor width, and stoutness, differed only between the two parasitoid species, but did not vary among sites or fruit hosts. We discuss how ovipositor morphology traits could be associated with differences in life history and host ranges in the two parasitoid species.
Revision of the leachella group of Megachile subgenus Eutricharaea in the Western Palaearctic (Hymenoptera, Apoidea, Megachilidae): A renewed plea for DNA barcoding type material
Authors: Praz Christophe J. , Bénon Dimitri
Published: February 2023

The leafcutting bees of theleachellagroup of Megachile Latreille subgenus Eutricharaea Thomson are revised for the Western Palaearctic region using a combination of morphology and phylogenetic analyses of three genes (COI, LW-Rhodopsin, CAD). Although only seven species are recognized, much effort was needed to link delimitated taxonomic units to taxon names because of the difficulties in identifying type specimens. Numerous types were in a poor state of conservation, preventing straight-forward identification using morphology. This was in some cases aggravated by the fact that they often belonged to a sex that could not easily be identified; one type was a gynandromorph specimen whose identification is even more challenging. In several cases, the type locality was vague or unclear; in three cases, the type specimens originated from introduced populations for which the source of the introduction needed to be determined using DNA barcoding. In two cases, the type specimens consisted of several body parts not originating from a single individual but from two heterospecific specimens. We argue that this tedious nomenclatural work would have been greatly facilitated if a reference library of type specimens had been available. Our revision leads to the following taxonomic changes.Megachile argentata(Fabricius, 1793), described from northern Africa and with a convoluted taxonomic history, is demonstrated, based on morphometric analyses of its lectotype, to be conspecific with the species hitherto known asM. pilidensAlfken, 1924. After discussing and excluding several alternative options that would minimize nomenclatural changes, we placeM. pilidensin synonymy withM. argentata(syn. nov.). Two new subspecies are described for morphologically slightly divergent insular populations,M. leachella creticaPraz,ssp. nov.from Crete, andM. leachella densipunctataPraz,ssp. nov.from Cyprus. In addition,M. albipilaPérez, 1895 is treated as a subspecies ofM. leachellaCurtis, 1828 (stat. nov.). The following new synonymies are proposed:M. compactaPérez, 1895 (notM. compactaSmith, 1879) and the replacement nameM. crassulaPérez, 1896,M. argyreaCockerell, 1931 andPerezia mauraFerton, 1914, are placed in synonymy withM. argentata(syn. nov.).M. beaumontiBenoist, 1951, is newly treated as a valid species (stat. rev.).M. schmiedeknechtiCosta, 1884 is treated as a subspecies ofM. argentata(stat. nov.), andM. xanthopygaPérez, 1895 is placed in synonymy withM. argentata schmiedeknechti(syn. nov.).M. bioculataPérez, 1902,M. discriminataRebmann, 1968 andM. ichnusaeRebmann, 1968 are placed in synonymy withM. leachella(syn. nov.).M. variscopaPérez, 1895,M. timberlakeiCockerell, 1920,M. atratulaRebmann, 1968,M. striatellaRebmann, 1968 andM. sudaiIkudome, 1999 are placed in synonymy withM. pusillaPérez, 1894. Lectotypes are designated forM. albipila,M. bioculata,M. compactaPérez,M. pusilla, M. variscopaandM. xanthopyga.
Novel lightweight connecting bracket design with multiple performance constraints based on optimization and verification process
Authors: Xie Furong , Gao Yunkai , Pan Ting , Gao De , Wang Lei , Xu Yanan , Wu Chi
Published: February 2023

In this paper, a complete optimization design verification process is proposed and a novel structure of connecting brackets is presented, solving the fatigue failure of chassis connecting brackets operating on harsh roads. First, an endurance road test and fatigue life analysis were applied to the truck equipped with the original brackets, verifying the fatigue damage of the structure. Based on the solid isotropic material with penalization method, a novel lightweight connecting bracket layout was obtained by using the method of moving asymptotes (MMA) for topology optimization under multiple working conditions with multiple performance constraints. Moreover, the derivatives of objective and constraint functions concerning design variables were applied for the MMA. Considering manufacturability and functionality, the improved model based on the topology optimization results was further optimized by size optimization. Finally, fatigue life analysis and an endurance road test were conducted using the optimal design. Compared with the original structure, the novel brackets showed better stiffness, strength and fatigue performance while reducing the total mass by 15.2%. The whole optimization and validation process can provide practical ideas and value for developing multi-performance suspensions in the pre-product development stage.
Sustainable Futures for OA Books: The Open Book Collective
Authors: Snyder Livy Onalee , Fathallah Judith
Published: February 2023

This article describes and explains the need for the work of the Open Book Collective (OBC). The OBC is a major output of the COPIM project (Community-Led Infrastructures for Open Access Monographs). The collective will bring together diverse small-to-medium open access (OA) publishers, open publishing service providers, libraries, and other research institutions to create a new, mutually supportive, and interdependent community space and platform designed to sustainthe future of OA book publishing. The OBC is founded upon equitable, community-led governance and helping publishers move beyond Book Processing Charges (BPCs). Central to the functioning of the Open Book Collective is an online platform that will make it far quicker and easier for libraries and other potential subscribers to compare, evaluate, and subscribe to different OA publishers and open service providers via membership packages. The OBC supports small-to-medium OA publishers by way of the COPIM (Community-Led Publication Infrastructures for Open Access Books) philosophy of “scaling small.” This allows publishers and other members to operate sustainably and collaboratively whilst retaining their diverse and singular editorial missions, rather than operating from philosophies centered on economic growth, competition, and monopoly.
What Is Community Engagement
Authors: Patterson La Toya L.
Published: February 2023

This chapter provides an overview of community engagement within higher education institutions and describes the process of applying for and receiving the Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching Community Engagement Classification. The author discusses the reasons for seeking the classification, reclassification, and clarification of the language used in the application process are discussed. The chapter also explores the importance of institutionalizing community engagement, the benefits that are received by the institution, faculty and students, and the challenges to institutionalizing community engagement. The author highlighted steps for institutionalizing community engagement within higher education institutions and pitfalls to avoid when trying to institutionalize community engagement within higher education institutions.
Ethics in Online Community Engagement Among Marginalized Rural Groups
Authors: Mudau Tshimangadzo Selina
Published: February 2023

This chapter presents the virtual community engagement within rural areas. The methodological implications of this chapter are drawn from empirical research conducted before and during the emergence of the COVID-19 pandemic in the rural areas of Makhado in South Africa. The chapter describes how virtual community engagement impacts communication issues such as social norms, culture, and respect for community leadership structures. Critical discourse analysis was employed to expose the problems of power, position, and dominance during virtual community engagement as a data generation method. Findings are based on technological and other contextual socio-cultural factors in rural communities. A mixture of both virtual and telephonic engagement is the most acceptable option to manage and minimize social injustice among marginalized groups. The chapter closes with recommendations on promoting the voices and rights of the marginalized or vulnerable groups when conducting virtual community engagement.
Co-Constructing Belongingness
Authors: Shienko Lilya , Buechner Barton David
Published: February 2023

Online environments have become a fact of life for education and business life, but participants do not always experience virtual space as a place where they truly belong. This case example illustrates some ways that social construction concepts, particularly the “communication perspective” of the coordinated management of meaning (CMM) theory, were applied to the development and enactment of an inclusive collaborative online learning program. This online interactive space was envisioned as a “virtual home” and support group for fellowship participants for the development and presentation of their individual projects. Perspectives of program participants and organizers are both represented in this case example to help shed light on the way that the group space evolved over the course of the fellowship and lessons learned from the process. The use of concepts from CMM theory is underscored to reveal the dynamics of communication theory as a source of adding life and dimension to an online collaborative space, contributing to a sense of belongingness.
Remote Community Engagement in Higher Education
Authors: Huckett Paul M. , Graham Nathan , Stewart Heather
Published: February 2023

This chapter examines strategies implemented to increase a sense of community for faculty and students in an online graduate engineering program. Facilitating community sites of interaction and shared knowledge creation—elements of the community of practice (CoP) framework—comprised the most valued additions for members of the learning community. With these improved sites of interaction, faculty and students benefited from participation in the learning community with their online peers and contributed to a community of practice in their degree program. Early data and outcomes suggest that higher education administrators can implement specific strategies to increase learners' and teachers' sense of community, facilitating engagement with the school, academic programs, and peers despite being geographically dispersed.
Creating a Community in the Course Room Through Discussion Posts
Authors: Mazurowski Tricia
Published: February 2023

Online education has become increasingly popular due to the convenience of learning in an online environment. Online learning allows adult learners to continue their studies remotely. Discussion boards are used in an online learning environment in lieu of lectures from an instructor. Creating a community in an online learning environment through the use of discussion boards is important to engage adult learners. Discussion boards allow students to engage with and learn from their peers and from the instructor. This chapter will explore how to create a community in the course room through discussion posts to increase student engagement in an online learning environment. Online educational programs often experience a higher attrition rate since students may feel isolated from their peers and their instructors. Increasing engagement in the course room through discussion posts is important to ensure that adult learners are engaged in the course room. Interaction with peers and the instructor is instrumental in increasing engagement through online learning.
From Loneliness to Belonging Post Pandemic
Authors: Carter Andrea D. , Shienko Lilya
Published: February 2023

The effects of isolation, loneliness, and ostracism on social engagement and online communities has been acknowledged throughout the pandemic by researchers. This chapter contextualizes and normalizes the behaviours associated with isolation and loneliness and draws attention to belonging methodology. Belonging indicators and practices are revealed and described so as to break the patterns many are struggling with. Finally, the chapter provides context for engagement, collaboration, and creating community post pandemic.
Trauma and Memory in Women's Photographic Practice
Authors: Flockhart Gail
Published: February 2023

Situated within the field of women's photographic practice, this chapter investigates the relationship between trauma, memory, and the embodied trace. Using practice examples, the text explores how self-performed modes of self-representation might offer insights into the complex—psychological and physiological—inscriptions left by trauma. Evaluating this relationship, the text draws on analyses by Griselda Pollock, Jill Bennett, and Margaret Iversen. The argument supports post-qualitative research methods that unfold subjective material through the ‘doing-thinking-making' process. Approached through posthuman and new materialist frameworks referencing Karen Barad and Rosi Braidotti, the chapter examines how a diffractive—rather than purely reflective—methodology can synthesise praxis and theory through affective photographic outcomes. The chapter concludes by evaluating how a diffractive approach to photographic self-representation can be productive for re-thinking the self, re-interpreting narratives of trauma, and re-imagining the way we see ourselves in our ‘becoming-with' others.
The Intertwining—The Chiasm
Authors: Payne Natalie
Published: February 2023

The author deploys the notion of embodiment to provide a theoretical framework for a series of autobiographical photographs, Encountering Windrift (2012-2018). Applied to certain modes of autobiographical photography, the theory of embodiment proposed is based upon the notion of the photograph as the embodiment of an encounter between the photographer, the photographed subject, and the viewer. In autobiographical photography the embodied encounter may be heightened by the apparent intimacy between photographer and subject. Maurice Merleau-Ponty's notion of the chiasm and Jill Bennett's notion of an affective transaction serve to support this conception of the photograph as an embodied encounter in that both imply an intertwining of self and other. While the viewer may never be able to access another person's subjective experience directly, certain formal and conceptual approaches to autobiographical photography may enable the viewer's understanding of the photographer's personal experience of space and time, whilst simultaneously triggering their own autobiographical memory.
Beads in the Necklace of Time
Authors: Bhat Mahesh
Published: February 2023

The author remembers childhood days or pre photography days through the yellowing family photographs as much as from memories. From 1985 to 1990, these images were visual notes in the author's photographic diary. A meeting with a stranger in 1986 during a train journey to meet and show his early work to senior photojournalists and seek their advice on becoming a professional photographer laid the foundation for the most significant project of the author's life – UNSUNG. This essay is about the journey towards a semblance of self-realisation through photography over 35 years. The timeline, however, is non-linear. The author inquires about reinterpreting the self in autobiography and ponders over questions such as if the self is a constant? Though the sense of self may be ever forming and dissolving and documenting the other, is, in fact, an autobiography?
Nanotechnology
Authors: Wani Khursheed Ahmad , Manzoor Javid , Indrabi Syed Javid , Yousuf Tehmina
Published: February 2023

In the field of nanoscale materials and electronics fabrication, the term “nanotechnology” refers to a broad range of techniques that may be used. Examples of nanotechnological processes include the production of nanowires, as well as techniques for fabricating semiconductors such as lithography, atomic layer deposition, molecular vapour deposition, focused ion beam machining, electron beam lithography, and molecular self-assembly. Concerns regarding the impact of nanotechnology on the environment, health, and society are a contested issue. It's too early to tell whether the growth of nanotechnology will be a boon or a bane.
The Nanotechnological Approaches in Agriculture and Its Allied Fields
Authors: Prakash Aman , Quazi Sameer , Tiwari Pragalbh
Published: February 2023

Nanotechnology is a degree knowledge domain analysis field. In recent efforts, square measures were created to reinforce agricultural yield through a thorough analysis of technology. The revolution resulted in blind usage of pesticides and chemical fertilizers that caused loss of soil selection and developed resistance against pathogens and pests. Nanoparticles are experimenting as anti-infestation as opposed to morbific fungi. Anti-infestation venture nanoparticles of oxide, silver, and titanium oxide have been tested against Macrophomina phaseolina, a big soil-borne infectious agent of pulse and seed crops. A higher antifungal effect was discovered in silver nanoparticles at a decreased level than in flowers of metallic elements and titanic oxide nanoparticles.
Toxicity Analysis of Different Types of Two-Dimensional Nanomaterials Used in Biomedical Applications
Authors: Vargas-Bernal Rafael
Published: February 2023

The study of biological interactions with two-dimensional nanomaterials provides the scientific foundation for identifying and managing development risks in both biomedical and non-biomedical technologies. The purpose of this chapter is to carry out an analysis of the toxicity of two-dimensional materials in biomedical applications or in other applications where they could have contact with biological entities. The toxicity of graphene, graphdiyne, transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs), MXenes, hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN), graphitic phase C3N4, phosphorene (BP), exfoliated pnictogens (antimonene, arsenene, bismuthene), Xenes (borophene), and layered metal oxides (LMOs) are analyzed. The different mechanisms involved in the interactions were identified to propose solutions to reduce or eliminate the adverse effects of their cytotoxicity. Future research topics that should be developed to ensure the safe use of two-dimensional nanomaterials in biomedical applications, before their use in commercial applications, are discussed.
Properties and Applications of Natural Fiber-Reinforced 3D-Printed Polymer Composites
Authors: V. R. Srinivasan , C. P. S. Prakash , B. A. Praveena
Published: February 2023

There is a huge scope for natural fiber-reinforced composite materials, which can be used in 3D printing technology. Non-degradable materials used in the additive manufacturing field can be replaced by the innovative application of natural fiber-reinforced composite materials. This chapter introduces the advantages of 3D-printed natural fiber composite materials compared to polymer materials. The homogeneity and thermal stability of fiber reinforcement are the critical characteristics of the composite material. Also, the standardization of material testing has considerable space for research. Continuous natural fiber-printed composite and short natural fiber-printed composite are the major focuses for researchers in the field of additive manufacturing. Various fiber materials yield diverse results in the final product manufactured. Various additive manufacturing techniques can be applied and compared for the same reinforcements and matrix material.
Embodying an Indigenous-Centered Approach to Mentorship in Doctoral Programs
Authors: Minthorn Robin , Craig Anthony
Published: February 2023

In this chapter, the authors share a tribally centered and decolonial approach to mentoring in doctoral and graduate education. As two Indigenous directors of doctoral programs at the University of Washington, the authors recognize that their values and ways of approaching mentorship and leadership are rooted in their connections to their communities and how they situate the doctoral experiences of the students they work with. They share their own connections and how they hold space as Indigenous educational leaders of doctoral programs. They share how ancestral knowledge more commonly known as theoretical frameworks guide their own learning and approaches to mentorship. They also identify the genealogical connections (literature) that tie to Indigenous knowledge systems and how mentorship shows up with the Indigenous and Black community voices they center in their doctoral programs. They then bring in the teachings and approaches that they have embedded as praxis and relational learning in their graduate programs. Lastly, they share some calls to unsettling how they approach mentorship in higher education.
Detection of DDoS Attack Using Machine Learning Techniques in Software Defined Networking
Authors: Sudar K. Muthamil , K. Ruba Soundar , P. Vinoth , P. Nagaraj , V. Muneeswaran
Published: February 2023

The software-defined network (SDN) has recently developed as a network paradigm due to its high network programmability and flexibility, which can overcome the difficulty in traditional networks by detaching the control plane from the data plane. Following the controller's decision in the control plane, the data plane will transfer the packets. This unified administration will make it possible to see the network architecture as a whole in an abstract way. The controller is exposed to a significant threat if control is lost due to its centralised structure. Data plane resources are attacked by the attacker by focusing on switches that support OpenFlow. DDoS attacks damage network performance by overloading the SDN controller and network links, depleting the victim's bandwidth, and flooding the server with massive amounts of data. To address this issue, the authors employ statistical-based and machine learning-based techniques in SDN controller to inspect the new incoming flows.
New Identification of Political Conflict and the Asymmetric Threat Phenomenon on the Example of Cyber Warfare
Authors: Chitadze Nika
Published: February 2023

The end of the Cold War has given rise to a fresh set of security challenges that today pose a threat to the stability of any state. The focus is now as much on threats arising due to inter-state rivalries based on balance of power as on intra-national and transnational security threats that cannot be classified into the traditional security studies framework. Covering a wide range of situations, these non-traditional security threats have real consequences towards human, national, and environmental security. This chapter seeks to understand some of the most critical non-traditional security threats faced by international community on the example of cyber warfare.
What's Next for Teacher Preparation Programs?
Authors: Antoniou Joanna Antigone
Published: February 2023

This chapter provides context for teacher preparation programs to adjust their approach based on the lessons learned from emergency remote and hybrid instruction necessitated by the COVID-19 pandemic. This research makes reference to the TPACK framework and its impact on educator training and is framed on Bandura's theory of self-efficacy. A list of post-pandemic skills that teachers need is discussed, followed by suggestions for teacher preparation programs to address those skills. Any changes in teacher preparation programs must also be met with support for faculty of those programs. Finally, further research is suggested and discussed.
Case Studies in Remote Living and Remote Learning
Authors: Marks Cari , Shamburg Christopher
Published: February 2023

Students and families who live in remote sections of the United States had unique challenges with remote learning during the COVID-19 pandemic. This multiple case study profiles four families in remote parts of Appalachia in the United States as they lived and learned during the shutdown. These stories highlight the struggles, innovations, and resilience of an often-neglected population in discussions of the digital divide. Each family portrait was developed through in-depth interviews with several generations and a review of related documents.
Digital Tools for Meaningful Learning of Preservice Teachers
Authors: Obonyo Carolyne Nekesa
Published: February 2023

The purpose of this chapter is to explore how digital tools can help preservice teachers engage in meaningful learning. The literature on theoretical stances, course design, and assessment are examined to provide a more comprehensive picture of meaningful learning. The characteristics of a meaningful learning framework are presented to provide a more nuanced understanding of how digital tools may aid the process, with a focus on meaningful learning perspectives in the context of technology-based tasks. The framework defines meaningful learning as the active, constructive, collaborative, authentic, and goal-directed process of producing meaning. The pedagogical affordances of digital tools are then explored, as well as the technical skills required by teacher educators to support preservice teachers in having meaningful educational technology experiences. The chapter concludes with a discussion of how teacher educators can use digital tools to promote meaningful learning experiences for preservice teachers.
Background of the Relationship Between Programming and Computational Thinking
Authors: Kılıç Servet
Published: February 2023

Computational thinking (CT) is a new concept that has come to the fore in recent years, and its importance has been revealed after research. The differences in the definition and scope of CT also cause controversy at the point of the disciplines that CT is related. While some researchers refer to CT directly with programming within computer science, some researchers emphasize the relationship of CT with different disciplines. Empirical studies dealing with CT together with programming are intense in the literature. This chapter aims to explain the relationship between CT and programming with its theoretical foundations. There is a relationship between the conceptual, semantic, and strategic knowledge structure required for programming, and the structures put forward for the definition, scope, and evaluation of CT. Problem solving plays a key role in the link between programming and CT.
Application of IoT-Based Infrastructure in the Automation of Smart Cities
Authors: Jain Rituraj , P. Ramesh Babu , Bakare Yohannes Bekuma , Gutema Endalkachew Mosisa , Dibaba Wakgari , Gupta Ankur
Published: February 2023

Application of internet of things has been frequently used in smart cities. It has been observed that people at different localities are showing interest in IoT applications for smart cities. Their interest, awareness, and significant consideration for IoT application varies according to their qualification, locality, and standard of living. But it is essential to know the interest; the awareness of public regarding such systems. Present research is focused of IoT automation in case of smart cities and considered IoT applications for commercial and healthcare. Present work is considering awareness, interest, and significance of consideration among males and females. Research is focusing whether there is awareness in people in IoT automation for healthcare and commercial applications. The interest of people for an IoT automation system of a smart city is also taken in account.
Information Frameworks and Business Patterns in Smart Cities
Authors: Jain Vipin , Sethi Puneet , Rawat Garima , Singh Vivek Anand , Kumar Avinash Raj , Chawla Chanchal , Bansal Bijender
Published: February 2023

There are two methods for cities to become “smart cities” in the Netherlands: one puts commercial models ahead of information architecture, while the other goes in the other direction. With regard to service improvement, resource allocations, and the sustainability of business expansion, the authors selected two cities to explore the fundamental distinctions between these two methods. While the second instance began with the creation of a system which acted as a technological framework to make alterations in commercial processes, the initial instance concentrated on producing marketing benefits via the utilization of technology by upgrading current resources and/or delivering newer ones. With additional innovative services made accessible to the general public, the authors discovered that the initial scenario increased company value more quickly. The second scenario, in comparison, required more resources and moved more slowly toward providing newer resources to the broader public, but the services were far better and more long-lasting.
Ethical Issues, Fairness, Accountability, and Transparency in AI/ML
Authors: Sunitha K.
Published: February 2023

The ethical issues of how the computer evolved to the artificial intelligence and machine learning era are explored in this chapter. To develop these intelligent systems, what are the basic principles, policies, and rules? How are these systems helpful to humankind as well as to society? How are businesses and other relevant organizations adapting AI and ML? AI and ML are booming technology. They have major applications in healthcare, computer vision, traffic networks, manufacturing, business trade markets, and so on.
Agricultural Social Network
Authors: Paul Subrata , Mitra Anirban
Published: February 2023

India is one of the world's largest food producers, creating the sustainability of its agricultural system of global significance. More than 67% of the Indian population still depend on agriculture or its allied sectors for their livelihood. There lies a requirement for the discussion on balancing or enriching the agriculture production in order to bring in food security for the growing population. Agriculture in recent years is facing great downfall due to uncertain monsoons, decline of soil fertility, population pressure, lack of support services, and so on. To overcome these, there is a need for communication such as dissemination of right information on right time to the farmers, which would help them towards advancing their knowledge on agriculture. The growth of active internet users over the past few years shall make this task easier. The chapter shall make an in-depth analysis on the need for the development of an agricultural social network and shall also present a prototype of the proposed system.
An Entrenching Recommender System for Sustainable Transportation
Authors: Yadlapalli Prabhakar , Myla Leela Rajani , Sandaka Naga Venkata Sai Deekshitha , Patro S. Gopal Krishna
Published: February 2023

Systems for course arranging help city sightseers and suburbanites in settling on the best course between two irregular focuses. Nonetheless, while prompting multi-modular courses, present day organizer calculations frequently don't consider client inclinations or the aggregate insight. Multimodal courses can be suggested in light of the assessments of purchasers with comparative preferences as per a method called cooperative separating (CF). In this chapter, the authors present a component—a portable recommender system for redid, multimodal courses—that consolidates CF with information-based ideas to improve the nature of course proposals. They give a full clarification of the crossover strategy and show the way things are integrated into a functioning model. The consequences of a client concentrated on show that the model, which joins CF, information-based, and well-known course suggestions, outflanks cutting-edge course organizers.
Sustainable Development Using Digital Twin Technology With Image Processing
Authors: Dhibar Kunal , Maji Prasenjit , Prasad Shiv , Pal Moumita
Published: February 2023

Numerous industries have embraced cutting-edge computer technology as digitalization has progressed, including big data, artificial intelligence (AI), cloud computing, digital twins, and edge computing. In order to analyze the state of the application of digital twins in conjunction with AI, this chapter looks at the research findings of recently published literature. It then evaluates the applications and futures of AI in digital twins. High-fidelity computer simulations are used in modern engineering practice for the design and research of complex engineering systems. In the field of mechanical and aeronautical engineering, computational simulations have long been used to support conceptual design, prototyping, manufacturing, production, test-data correlation, and safety evaluation. In the last 10 years, there has been a change in how computational simulations are used to give assistance across the whole product life cycle.
Comprehensive Framework-Based Reconfigurable Object Nets for Managing Dynamic Protocols Evolution
Authors: Radja Hamli  , Chaoui Allaoua , Elmansouri Raida , Khebizi Ali
Published: February 2023

In the change management context, handling web service evolution is a challenging issue that aims to adapt deployed business processes to the perpetual changes occurring in enterprises environments. While existing approaches deal with the problem by focusing only on migratable instances, in this approach the authors propose a paradigm shift based on reconfigurable objects nets (RONs) to allow running service instances continuing their execution according to the evolved protocol specifications. In this approach, service protocols are modelled as petri nets, and changes are perceived as transformation rules. Further, reachability graphs are deployed for calculating migratable services instances after evolution. The conceived framework allows migrating active instances from the old protocol version to the evolved one. Web service protocol compatibility and replaceability aspects are addressed to distinguish migratable services instances from non-migratable ones. The authors illustrate their contribution and highlight advantages of using RONs through a real-world scenario related to the visa application service.
Automatic Number Plate Recognition Application for Metropolitan Toll Road Payment System
Authors: Alzamora Deanova Ghivari , Fathoni Habib Saifuddin , Callista Vivi Bella
Published: February 2023

Many factors cause congestion on toll roads, one of which is service time at toll gates. Maximum service times for each vehicle be regulated by Indonesia Toll Authority to no more than 6 seconds for the open transaction toll system. There-fore, an electronic toll road payment system integrated with ANPR (Automatic Number Plate Recognition) technology is proposed. The proposed system can identify vehicle plates automatically to make payments. The Optical Character Recognition (OCR) method was chosen in this study for recognizing the number plate. ANPR with Tesseract OCR is placed inside the computer. Based on the results of the analysis and testing that has been carried out, the low average accuracy of 63,14% from this research is small due to the small number of sample images. The average execution times of 1405 milliseconds from this research are be-low the maximum 6 seconds limit for open transaction toll collection in Indonesia. One failed plate localization from sample images has founded in a car image with number plate DK 1547 EC.
Tunnel-channel complexes in the Zephyr area, Ontario: potential high-yield aquifers
Authors: Slattery S R , Barnett P J , Pugin A J -M , Sharpe D R , Goodyear D , Gerber R
E , Holysh S , Davies S
Published: February 2023

In south-central Ontario, tunnel channels are primary targets for groundwater exploration due to their potential to contain confined, water-bearing, coarse-grained sediment fills. Despite extensive hydrogeologic and geologic exploration within these features, a
comprehensive depositional model that illustrates the spatial distribution of coarse- and fine- grained sediment in tunnel-channel complexes is absent. Work in the Zephr area, north of ORM, presents new subsurface data to improve understanding of this geologic setting and to add to geologic models
of these channel systems. Findings result from combined geology, sedimentology, geophysics (seismic profiling) and sediment drilling (mud rotary and continuous core) to better our understanding the shallow channel setting north of ORM, including: 1) spatial distribution of coarse- and fine-grained
sediments in tunnel-channels; 2) the architecture of tunnel-channel sequences in confluence zones. Preferred aquifer targets aquifer units in the Zephyr area are identified in areas of channel confluence and channel bends. Channel aquifers are confined by 3.9 to 28.5 m thick deposits of rhythmically
bedded silt and clay.
Have the Relaxations in Legislation Related to Termination of Pregnancy Made Abortions Safe in India? A Meta-Analysis on the Prevalence of Unsafe Abortions among 15–49-year-old Females in India
Authors: Kumari Sneha , Singh Mitasha , Goswami Shweta , Gupta Ekta , Sharma Priyanka , Gupta Vidushi , Chaudhuri Susmita , Kishore Jugal
Published: February 2023

Background:

Pregnancy which is not terminated within the boundaries of legal definition in India is called an unsafe abortion.

Objective:

To observe the proportion of unsafe abortions among total abortions in 15–49-year-old ever married women across India between 1990 and 2020.

Materials and Methods:

A comprehensive search was conducted in National Library of Medicine's PubMed database, IndMED, TRIP, Web of Science, and Google Scholar for articles published between January 1, 1990, and February 29, 2020. A combination of medical subject headings and free text word like abortion, induced, unsafe, women 15–49 years, prevalence, and India were used. Each article was assessed for quality using Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal Tool. The proportion of subjects classified as having unsafe abortion was the outcome of meta-analysis. Analysis was done using Comprehensive Meta-Analysis version 2.2. All pooled estimates were calculated using DerSimonian–Laird random-effects model and reported as a proportion with 95% confidence intervals.

Results:

The pooled estimate of the mean prevalence of unsafe abortion in India was 37.56% (confidence interval: 20.68–54.44). There was a significant heterogeneity between the studies (I
2 = 99.98% and Cochran's Q = 113538.65, df = 18, P < 0.001).

Conclusion:

Even after several amendments in Medical Termination of Pregnancy Act 1971 till 2020, unsafe abortions are highly prevalent in entire India, irrespective of high-performance or low-performance states. In urban India, the prevalence of unsafe abortions is comparatively higher than rural areas.
Defining Observable Practice Activities for Postgraduate Residents in Cytopathology
Authors: Ahuja Sana , Tanveer Nadeem , Arora Vinod Kumar
Published: February 2023

Competency-based medical education (CBME) is the new buzzword in the context of the Indian postgraduate teaching. Entrustable professional activities (EPA) are a means by which competencies can be converted to clinical practice. The National Medical Council (NMC) has outlined the four basic skills expected from postgraduate students at the end of cytopathology training. In pathology, the College of American Pathologists Graduate Medical Education Committee has defined 19 EPA s for pathology postgraduate education. Out of these, 4 were for clinical pathology, 7 were for anatomic pathology, and 8 related to both of the above. However, both NMC and College of American Pathologists (CAP) have not further divided the EPAs and skills into smaller observable components observable practice activities (OPAs) so that the postgraduates can have clear-cut targets for their competency. Integration of the EPA to the pathology curriculum would be easier if separate OPAs are devised for postgraduates. We provide the proposed OPAs in cytopathology for postgraduate students based on multiple rounds of analysis by faculty from different institutions using a modified Delphi approach. This study is an example of a pilot project undertaken to implement OPAs in cytopathology laboratory by taking feedback from the stakeholders. This was followed by mapping these OPAs to their relevant competencies. These can be considered stepping stones for the final competency evaluation. To conclude, shortlisting the OPAs is the first step in integrating CBME into the existing pathology postgraduate teaching. The next step is to devise ways to evaluate them in an objective manner and provide feedback to the residents regarding their shortcomings.