bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Photodynamic Therapy with an Association of Methylene Blue and Toluidine Blue Promoted a Synergic Effect against Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Rocha Évilin , Bomfim Larissa , Junior Sérgio , Santos Gustavo , Meira Cássio , Soares Milena
Published: November 2023

Among the most malignant cancers, oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) stands out as the most common malignant head and neck tumor. Despite advances in the field of treatment, the prognosis of patients with OSCC remains poor. Aiming to overcome the limitations of the currently existing therapies against OSCC, the present work aims to investigate the potential of photodynamic therapy (PDT) with phenothiazine derivatives used alone or in combination. The incorporation of methylene blue (MB) and toluidine blue (TB) was evaluated in OSCC cell lines (HSC-3 and SCC-9) and a nontumor cell line (Hfib). Both compounds exhibited concentration and time-dependent incorporation, with higher rates observed in tumor cells. Regarding dark-phase cytotoxic activity, SCC-9 cells were the most sensitive cell line with an IC50 value of 362.6 µM and 41.4 µM for MB and TB, respectively. Using PDT, all lineages showed greater sensitivity, presenting lower IC50 values when compared to the dark phase values. The combination index values of 0.69 (dark phase) and 0.73 (clear phase) associated with concave isobolograms, in both phases, revealed that MB and TB have synergistic effects when combined against SCC-9 cells. These findings suggest that MB or TB assisted with PDT holds promise for OSCC treatment.
PARP1 Characterization as a Potential Biomarker for BCR::ABL1 p190+ Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia
Authors: Machado Caio Bezerra , da Silva Emerson Lucena , Ferreira Wallax Augusto Silva , Pessoa Flávia Melo Cunha de Pinho , de Quadros Andreza Urba , Fantacini Daianne Maciely Carvalho , Furtado Izadora Peter , Rossetti Rafaela , Silveira Roberta Maraninchi , de Lima Sarah Caroline Gomes , Mello Júnior Fernando Augusto Rodrigues , Seabra Aline Damasceno , Moreira Edith Cibelle de Oliveira , de Moraes Filho Manoel Odorico , de Moraes Maria Elisabete Amaral , Montenegro Raquel Carvalho , Ribeiro Rodrigo Monteiro , Khayat André Salim , Burbano Rommel Mário Rodriguez , de Oliveira Edivaldo Herculano Correa , Covas Dimas Tadeu , de Souza Lucas Eduardo Botelho , Moreira-Nunes Caroline de Fátima Aquino
Published: November 2023

Detection of t(9;22), and consequent BCR::ABL1 fusion, is still a marker of worse prognosis for acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), with resistance to tyrosine-kinase inhibitor therapy being a major obstacle in the clinical practice for this subset of patients. In this study, we investigated the effectiveness of targeting poly-ADP-ribose polymerase (PARP) in a model of BCR::ABL1 p190+ ALL, the most common isoform to afflict ALL patients, and demonstrated the use of experimental PARP inhibitor (PARPi), AZD2461, as a therapeutic option with cytotoxic capabilities similar to that of imatinib, the current gold standard in medical care. We characterized cytostatic profiles, induced cell death, and biomarker expression modulation utilizing cell models, also providing a comprehensive genome-wide analysis through an aCGH of the model used, and further validated PARP1 differential expression in samples of ALL p190+ patients from local healthcare institutions, as well as in larger cohorts of online and readily available datasets. Overall, we demonstrate the effectiveness of PARPi in the treatment of BCR::ABL1 p190+ ALL cell models and that PARP1 is differentially expressed in patient samples. We hope our findings help expand the characterization of molecular profiles in ALL settings and guide future investigations into novel biomarker detection and pharmacological choices in clinical practice.
A Preliminary Study on Early Detection of Oral Cancer with Opportunistic Screening: Insights from Dental Surgeons in Sri Lanka
Authors: Dissanayaka Dewasundara Wijenarayana Vishwa Nimanthi , Wijeratne Konara Mudiyanselage Shashika Lakmali , Amarasinghe Kodituwakku Arachchige Don Kaushal Devin , Jayasinghe Ruwan Duminda , Jayasooriya Primali Rukmal , Mendis Balapuwaduge Ranjit Rigobert Nihal , Lombardi Tommaso
Published: November 2023

In Sri Lanka, opportunistic screening is encouraged as a cost-effective tool to bring down the prevalence of oral cancer, which is the most common cancer among males. The objectives of the study were to determine the practices, attitudes, and level of competency of dental surgeons regarding the early detection of oral cancer and oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMDs) through opportunistic screening. A prospective study was conducted online via a Google form using a pretested, self-administered questionnaire of 22 close-ended questions and 3 open-ended questions. Out of the 137 dental surgeons who responded, 88% (121/137) of the participants believed that screening high-risk target groups would be more effective in the early detection of oral cancer rather than opportunistic screening. Only 64% (88/137) of the participants frequently check for oral cancer and OPMDs when patients visit for dental treatment. Participants recalled an average of 34 patients (4628/137) with clinically suspicious lesions being diagnosed during examination at general dental practice during the past year, and 98% (134/137) of the participants believed that they should receive additional training in order to identify and diagnose clinically suspicious oral OPMDs and oral cancer. Opportunistic screening in general dental practice as an oral-cancer prevention strategy is appreciable, but due emphasis should be given to other prevention strategies such as population screening and screening high-risk target groups. The level of confidence of general dental practitioners in the early detection of oral cancer has to be raised in order to achieve higher standards in oral cancer prevention through opportunistic screening.
Trend and Joinpoint Analysis of Cancer Incidence and 1-Year Mortality in North-East Spain 2005–2020
Authors: Roura Pere , Puigoriol Emma , Altimiras Jacint , Batiste-Alentorn Eduard , Dégano Irene R.
Published: November 2023

Cancer is the second leading cause of death. It is thus essential to examine cancer trends in all regions. In addition, trend data after 2019 and on cancer 1-year mortality are scarce. Our aim was to analyze incidence and 1-year mortality cancer trends in northeastern Spain during 2005–2020. We used the Osona Tumor Registry, which registers cancer incidence and mortality in Osona. The mortality information came from the Spanish Death Index. We analyzed age-standardized incidence rates and 1-year mortality by sex in the population aged > 17 years during 2005–2020. Trends were examined with negative binomial and joinpoint regression. Incidence rates of colorectal, lung and bronchus, and urinary bladder cancer increased annually in females by 2.86%, 4.20%, and 4.56%, respectively. In males, the incidence of stomach and prostate cancer decreased annually by 3.66% and 2.05%, respectively. One-year mortality trends decreased annually for endometrium cancer (−9.0%) and for colorectal cancer in males (−3.1%). From 2019 to 2020, the incidence of cancer decreased, while 1-year mortality increased in both sexes. In a North-Eastern Spanish county, 1-year mortality decreased for endometrium cancer in females and for colorectal cancer in males. Our results suggest a trend of decreasing cancer incidence and increasing cancer mortality as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic.
Analysis of the Tumor Immune Microenvironment (TIME) in Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma (ccRCC) Reveals an M0 Macrophage-Enriched Subtype: An Exploration of Prognostic and Biological Characteristics of This Immune Phenotype
Authors: Farha Mark , Nallandhighal Srinivas , Vince Randy , Cotta Brittney , Stangl-Kremser Judith , Triner Daniel , Morgan Todd M. , Palapattu Ganesh S. , Cieslik Marcin , Vaishampayan Ulka , Udager Aaron M. , Salami Simpa S.
Published: November 2023

There is a need to optimize the treatment of clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) patients at high recurrence risk after nephrectomy. We sought to elucidate the tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) of localized ccRCC and understand the prognostic and predictive characteristics of certain features. The discovery cohort was clinically localized patients in the TCGA-Kidney Renal Clear Cell Carcinoma (KIRC) project (n = 382). We identified an M0 macrophage-enriched cluster (n = 25) in the TCGA-KIRC cohort. This cluster’s median progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were 40.4 and 45.3 months, respectively, but this was not reached in the others (p = 0.0003 and <0.0001, respectively). Gene set enrichment (GSEA) analysis revealed an enrichment of epithelial to mesenchymal transition and cell cycle progression genes within this cluster, and these patients also had a lower predicted response to immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) (4% vs. 20–34%). An M0-enriched cluster (n = 9) with shorter PFS (p = 0.0006) was also identified in the Clinical Proteomics Tumor Analysis Consortium (CPTAC) cohort (n = 94). Through this characterization of the TIME in ccRCC, a cluster of patients defined by enrichment in M0 macrophages was identified that demonstrated poor prognosis and lower predicted ICB response. Pending further validation, this signature can identify localized ccRCC patients at high risk of recurrence after nephrectomy and who may require therapeutic approaches beyond ICB monotherapy.
Real-World Systemic Treatment Patterns after Atezolizumab and Bevacizumab in Patients with Hepatocellular Carcinoma in the United States
Authors: Singal Amit G. , Özgürdal Kirhan , Fan Xiaozhou , Vassilev Zdravko , Pan Xiaoyun , Multani Jasjit K. , Chen Chi-Chang , Zhou Zifan , He Jing , Pisa Federica
Published: November 2023

Real-world (RW) evidence is needed to evaluate atezolizumab plus bevacizumab (atezo + bev) utilization for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in clinical practice. This retrospective cohort study used administrative claims databases to evaluate treatment patterns in individuals with HCC ≥18 years of age who were initiated on atezo + bev between June 2020 and June 2022. The endpoints of this study were the proportion of individuals who discontinued atezo + bev and received subsequent systemic therapies, time to discontinuation (TTD), and time to next treatment. Overall, 825 individuals were eligible (median age 67 years; 80% male). Over a median follow-up of 15.3 months, most (72%) discontinued atezo + bev, with a median TTD of 3.5 months. A minority (19%) received subsequent therapies, with the most common second-line agents being lenvatinib (6%), cabozantinib (4%), and nivolumab (4%). The median time from index to next treatment post-atezo + bev was 5.4 months. Further research is needed to identify the patients who are most likely to benefit from atezo + bev as well as later-line HCC therapies to optimize overall survival.
Unexplained Causes of Glioma-Associated Epilepsies: A Review of Theories and an Area for Research
Authors: Saviuk Mariia , Sleptsova Ekaterina , Redkin Tikhon , Turubanova Victoria
Published: November 2023

Approximately 30% of glioma patients are able to survive beyond one year postdiagnosis. And this short time is often overshadowed by glioma-associated epilepsy. This condition severely impairs the patient’s quality of life and causes great suffering. The genetic, molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying tumour development and epileptogenesis remain incompletely understood, leading to numerous unanswered questions. The various types of gliomas, namely glioblastoma, astrocytoma and oligodendroglioma, demonstrate distinct seizure susceptibility and disease progression patterns. Patterns have been identified in the presence of IDH mutations and epilepsy, with tumour location in cortical regions, particularly the frontal lobe, showing a more frequent association with seizures. Altered expression of TP53, MGMT and VIM is frequently detected in tumour cells from individuals with epilepsy associated with glioma. However, understanding the pathogenesis of these modifications poses a challenge. Moreover, hypoxic effects induced by glioma and associated with the HIF-1a factor may have a significant impact on epileptogenesis, potentially resulting in epileptiform activity within neuronal networks. We additionally hypothesise about how the tumour may affect the functioning of neuronal ion channels and contribute to disruptions in the blood–brain barrier resulting in spontaneous depolarisations.
Impact of Oxygen Storage Components in Prototype Pd-Based Three-Way Catalysts under Exhaust Conditions Relevant to Propane Engines
Authors: Kim Daekun , Toops Todd J. , Nguyen Ke , Lance Michael J.
Published: November 2023

With increasing concerns about global warming, the push for sustainable and eco-friendly fuels is accelerating. Propane, recognized as liquefied petroleum gas or LPG, has garnered research interest as an alternative fuel due to its notable advantages, including a high-octane rating, reduced greenhouse gas emissions, and potential cost-effectiveness. However, to realize its full potential as an alternative fuel it is essential to develop catalysts that efficiently handle emissions at low temperatures. In our research, we investigated three distinct palladium (Pd)-based three-way catalyst (TWC) formulations (PdRh, Pd-only, and Pd-OSC) to investigate the influence of typical TWC components rhodium (Rh) and oxygen storage components (OSC) in exhaust scenarios relevant to propane-fueled engines. Among these, the formulation containing oxygen storage components (Pd-OSC) showed the highest reactivity for both NO and C3H8 while minimizing performance degradation from hydrothermal aging (HTA). Notably, the temperature of 50% conversion (T50) for propane in the Pd-OSC fresh and HTA sample was lower by 30 °C and 13 °C, respectively, compared to the Pd-only sample, highlighting the role of oxygen storage materials in enhancing catalyst performance, even without dithering. Additionally, N2 physisorption showed that the Pd-OSC sample has a higher surface area and increased pore volume. This underscores the idea that OSC materials not only augment the catalyst’s porosity but also optimize reactant accessibility to active sites, thus elevating catalytic efficiency. In addition to evaluating performance, we further explored the performance and characteristics of the catalysts using catalytic probe reactions, such as water–gas shift and steam reforming reactions.
Extensive Alternative Splicing Patterns in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Highlight Sexual Differences
Authors: Kosmara Despoina , Papanikolaou Sofia , Nikolaou Christoforos , Bertsias George
Published: November 2023

Substantial evidence highlights divergences in immune responses between men and women. Women are more susceptible to autoimmunity, whereas men suffer from the more severe presentation of autoimmune disorders. The molecular mechanism of this sexual dimorphism remains elusive. Herein, we conducted a comprehensive analysis of sex differences in whole-blood gene expression focusing on alternative splicing (AS) events in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), which is a prototype sex-biased disease. This study included 79 SLE patients with active disease and 58 matched healthy controls who underwent whole-blood RNA sequencing. Sex differences in splicing events were widespread, existent in both SLE and a healthy state. However, we observed distinct gene sets and molecular pathways targeted by sex-dependent AS in SLE patients as compared to healthy subjects, as well as a notable sex dissimilarity in intron retention events. Sexually differential spliced genes specific to SLE patients were enriched for dynamic cellular processes including chromatin remodeling, stress and inflammatory responses. Remarkably, the extent of sexual differences in AS in the SLE patients and healthy individuals exceeded those in gene expression. Overall, this study reveals an unprecedent variation in sex-dependent splicing events in SLE and the healthy state, with potential implications for understanding the molecular basis of sexual dimorphism in autoimmunity.
Liquid Biopsy in Alzheimer’s Disease Patients Reveals Epigenetic Changes in the PRLHR Gene
Authors: Macías Mónica , Acha Blanca , Corroza Jon , Urdánoz-Casado Amaya , Roldan Miren , Robles Maitane , Sánchez-Ruiz de Gordoa Javier , Erro María Elena , Jericó Ivonne , Blanco-Luquin Idoia , Mendioroz Maite
Published: November 2023

In recent years, new DNA methylation variants have been reported in genes biologically relevant to Alzheimer’s disease (AD) in human brain tissue. However, this AD-specific epigenetic information remains brain-locked and unreachable during patients’ lifetimes. In a previous methylome performed in the hippocampus of 26 AD patients and 12 controls, we found higher methylation levels in AD patients in the promoter region of PRLHR, a gene involved in energy balance regulation. Our aim was to further characterize PRLHR’s role in AD and to evaluate if the liquid biopsy technique would provide life access to this brain information in a non-invasive way. First, we extended the methylation mapping of PRLHR and validated previous methylome results via bisulfite cloning sequencing. Next, we observed a positive correlation between PRLHR methylation levels and AD-related neuropathological changes and a decreased expression of PRLHR in AD hippocampus. Then, we managed to replicate the hippocampal methylation differences in plasma cfDNA from an additional cohort of 35 AD patients and 35 controls. The isolation of cfDNA from the plasma of AD patients may constitute a source of potential epigenetic biomarkers to aid AD clinical management.
Analyzing Sex-Specific Dimorphism in Human Skeletal Stem Cells
Authors: Niemann Tarek , Joneleit Jonas , Storm Jonathan , Nacke Tom , Wähnert Dirk , Kaltschmidt Christian , Vordemvenne Thomas , Kaltschmidt Barbara
Published: November 2023

Sex-related differences are a current topic in contemporary science. In addition to hormonal regulation, cell-autonomous mechanisms are important in bone homeostasis and regeneration. In this study, human skeletal stem cells (SSCs) from female and male adults were cultured and analyzed with immunological assays and osteogenic differentiation assessments. Female SSCs exhibited a mean doubling time of 100.6 h, whereas male SSCs displayed a mean doubling time of 168.0 h. Immunophenotyping revealed the expression of the stem cell markers Nestin, CD133, and CD164, accompanied by the neural-crest marker SOX9. Furthermore, multiparameter flow cytometric analyses revealed a substantial population of multipotent SSCs, comprising up to 80% in both sexes. An analysis of the osteogenic differentiation potential demonstrated a strong mineralization in both male and female SSCs under physiological conditions. Recognizing the prevailing association of bone diseases with inflammatory processes, we also analyzed the osteogenic potential of SSCs from both sexes under pro-inflammatory conditions. Upon TNF-α and IL-1β treatment, we observed no sexual dimorphism on osteogenesis. In summary, we demonstrated the successful isolation and characterization of SSCs capable of rapid osteogenic differentiation. Taken together, in vitro cultured SSCs might be a suitable model to study sexual dimorphisms and develop drugs for degenerative bone diseases.
Spray Parameters and Coating Microstructure Relationship in Suspension Plasma Spray TiO2 Coatings
Authors: Mittal Garima , Malik Nigar Gul , Bhuvanendran Nair Jayakumari Arunima , Martelo David , Kale Namrata , Paul Shiladitya
Published: November 2023

In recent years, there has been growing interest in thermal spray techniques using suspension or solution-based coatings. These techniques offer precise control over particle size and microstructure, improving feedstock flowability and allowing for high-quality coating customization. Spray parameters, such as stand-off distance (SOD) and feedstock flow rate, can alter the performance and characteristics of these coatings. Geothermal power plant heat exchangers often face issues like corrosion, scaling, and fouling. The literature suggests that these issues could be mitigated, at least in part, by the use of spray coatings. In this study, TiO2 coatings were applied on a carbon steel substrate using suspension plasma spray (SPS) to enhance the performance of geothermal heat exchanger materials. The impact of SOD (50, 75, and 100 mm) and feedstock flow rate (10, 20, and 30 mL/min) on these coatings was examined through various techniques, including scanning electron microscope (SEM), profilometry, X-ray diffraction (XRD), and adhesion testing. The results demonstrated that coatings deposited using a 10 mL/min feedstock flow rate were well adhered to the substrate due to the efficient melting of the coating material, but as the SOD and feedstock flow rate increased due to poor thermal and kinetic energy exchange between the torch and feedstock particles, adhesion between the coating and substrate decreased.
Wetting of Graphite and Platinum Substrate by Oxide System with Graded B2O3 Content
Authors: Novák Dalibor , Řeháčková Lenka , Novák Vlastimil , Matýsek Dalibor , Peikertová Pavlína
Published: November 2023

This work focuses on wetting two types of substrates (a platinum substrate and a polished graphite substrate) by molten polycomponent oxide system CaO–MgO–SiO2–Al2O3–B2O3 to test the level of interaction at high temperatures. The tested systems were subjected to high-temperature wetting tests in the temperature range from liquidus temperature to 1550 °C using the sessile drop method. A total of four oxide systems were tested with graded boron oxide contents ranging from 0 to 30 wt%. The experiments were conducted in a CLASIC high-temperature resistance observation furnace and an inert atmosphere of high-purity argon. Droplet silhouettes were obtained with a CANON EOS 550D high-resolution camera during heat treatment, with reactive and non-reactive wetting occurring depending on the substrate type. The dependence of the average wetting angles on temperature and time was evaluated, and it was found that boron oxide decreased the average wetting angles of molten oxide droplets. The analyses were accompanied by the SEM/EDX analysis of the substrate and FTIR analysis of the droplets after high-temperature experiments. The phase composition of the oxide systems was evaluated by XRD analysis.
Effects of Low-Severity Fire on Soil Physico-Chemical Properties in an Andean Páramo in Southern Ecuador
Authors: Carrión-Paladines Vinicio , Fries Andreas , Hinojosa María Belén , Oña Andy , Álvarez Leticia Jiménez , Benítez Ángel , Rodríguez Fausto López , García-Ruiz Roberto
Published: November 2023

The high Andean páramos (AnP) are unique ecosystems that harbor high biodiversity and provide important ecosystem services, such as water supply and regulation, as well as carbon sequestration. In southern Ecuador, this ecosystem is threatened by anthropogenic burning activities to create pastures and agricultural land. However, knowledge of the effects of fire on soil properties and nutrient availability is still limited. This study conducted an experimental burn with different ignition patterns on an AnP plateau in southern Ecuador. Fire behavior (flame height, propagation speed, temperature reached on the soil), and fire severity were evaluated. In addition, soil samples were collected at 10 cm depth both 24 h and one year after the burns to measure the effects of fire on the main physico-chemical properties. The results indicate that the low severity of the experimental burns did not affect the physico-chemical properties of the soils, and therefore, soil quality was not altered. These results can help decision makers in the design of policies, regulations, and proposals for the conservation and environmental restoration of AnPs affected by wildfires in southern Ecuador.
Autophagy and Apoptosis in Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Authors: Kouroumalis Elias , Tsomidis Ioannis , Voumvouraki Argyro
Published: November 2023

The pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) implicates several interconnecting factors. Immunity and external factors interact, and most aspects are still under investigation. Autophagy and apoptosis are two critical pathways that decide the fate of the individual cells of the intestinal mucosa. Experimental and clinical data indicate that the two are closely interconnected and usually mutually exclusive. However, despite the abundant information on their role, very limited translation into therapeutic application has been seen during recent years. In this review, research on these two pathways is presented. After a general overview of autophagy and apoptosis, their association with IBD, including the important mitophagy and ferroptosis, is discussed. The influence of autophagy- and apoptosis-related genes is also discussed. Finally, the interplay of autophagy and apoptosis in IBD is presented and the implications for treatment applications are examined. It is shown that dysregulated autophagy leads to increased apoptosis of enterocytes and impairs the tight junction proteins of the protective intestinal barrier. Dysregulated autophagy also induces the downregulation of lysozyme and the other antimicrobial proteins’ production. Mucus production by the goblet cells is also reduced due to defective autophagy and increased apoptosis.
New Insights from Geophysical, Hydrogeological and Borehole Data into the Deep Structure of the Louta Phosphatic Deposit (Gantour Basin, Morocco): Mining Implications
Authors: Charbaoui Anas , Kchikach Azzouz , Jaffal Mohammed , Khadiri Oussama Yazami , Guernouche Mourad , Amar Mounir , Bikarnaf Ahmed , Jourani Es-Said , Khelifi Nabil
Published: November 2023

The Gantour Phosphatic Basin (GPB) is formed by a sedimentary series of Maastrichtian to the Eocene age, which consists of alternating phosphate layers and sterile levels. This series outcrops in the northern part of the basin, where it is exploited in open-pit mines. The exploration methodology employed by the Office Chérifien des Phosphates (OCP) group to investigate the GPB is based on direct recognition with boreholes drilled on a 500 × 500 m grid. This research is concerned with the compilation and analysis of data collected during several drilling campaigns conducted on the central segment of the GPB, namely the Louta deposit. This research also includes acquiring, processing, and interpreting new geophysical and hydrogeological data. Its main objective is to provide a better understanding of the deep structure of the phosphatic series. Therefore, the present study was carried out according to a multidisciplinary approach that comprises three parts. (i) The first one involves geological modeling of the exploration borehole data using Datamine Studio RM software (version 1.4), developed by Datamine Corporate Ltd., (Bristol, United Kingdom). It results in establishing a series of geological cross-sections that display a detailed view of the deep structure of the phosphatic series and its lateral variations. (ii) The second part is related to the hydrogeological study, whose purpose was to elaborate on an accurate and updated piezometric map of the study area. The new map helps understand the groundwater flow in the Louta deposit. Furthermore, the superimposition of the piezometric level with the geological sections throws light on the flooded volume of phosphate in this deposit. (iii) The third part of the study focuses on implementing the Electrical Resistivity Tomography (ERT) method. The interpretation of the recorded geoelectrical data not only highlights the main features controlling the mode and the proportion of the phosphate series deepening under the Plio-Quaternary cover but also confirms the evolution of the overall structure of the studied area. The obtained 2D ERT models generally corroborate the cross-sections produced by geological modeling. They also correlate with the information provided by the hydrogeological study. Such information will help guide future hydrogeological and mining extraction planning in the studied area.
Integration of NDT to Assess Composite Contemporary Artworks Made on Photosensitized Cement
Authors: Stamatopoulou Eugenia , Karoglou Maria , Bakolas Asterios
Published: November 2023

Non-destructive techniques (NDT) have enhanced their usefulness in the field of cultural heritage protection and have become valuable tools for the investigation of composing materials, as well as for the detection of alteration and degradation of various structures. In the current study, non-destructive techniques, based on digital photography processing and analysis (digital photography-Vis/UVF, portable digital optical microscopy, colorimetry, infrared thermography), are used for the examination of three composite contemporary artworks created on photosensitized cement. This approach was applied to a series of composite works (photosensitized cement surfaces) in order to understand the craftmanship of the artist, document the materials used and assess the overall condition of the artworks. The techniques and methods applied can be used as a benchmark for the study of similarly complex artworks and for conservation and restoration planning. This comparative study has shown that, although the three artworks under examination are composed of alike materials (cement mortar, plaster, photosensitive emulsion), they exhibit distinct condition states, which can be attributed to variations in the artist technique and application, as well as to their exposure to different environmental conditions.
Produce or Buy: Impacts of Citrus Farming and Crop Diversification on Household Dietary Diversity in Guangxi, China
Authors: Chen Xinjian , Zhou Baoji , Zuo Xinfeng , Fan Xiaojun
Published: November 2023

In recent decades, China has made significant strides in food and nutrition security, yet challenges persist in the western rural regions, especially in Guangxi. Farming households in this area face heightened vulnerability due to limited arable land and environmental hazards, leading to increased efforts to boost income through horticultural crop farming. This study explores the impact of citrus farming and crop diversification on household dietary diversity within the context of the existing literature, examining trade-offs between subsistence and income-generating farming. Using OLS regression techniques and a mediating effect model, the analysis focuses on distinct contexts within citrus farming, utilizing survey data from households engaged in the cultivation of both citrus and non-citrus. Results reveal that while citrus cultivation moderately contributes to dietary diversity, its primary influence lies in encouraging farmers to diversify food purchases, with the mediating effect from market purchases exceeding 50%. Diversifying crop production, including staple crops and vegetables alongside citrus, proves more effective in enhancing dietary diversity among citrus farming households. Crop diversification positively influences dietary diversity, partially addressing household self-sufficiency. While extensive crop diversification may not be the ultimate solution to food security challenges, promoting specific diversification systems shows promise in the context of sustainable agriculture goals.
The Effect of Chitosan/Alginate/Graphene Oxide Nanocomposites on Proliferation of Mouse Spermatogonial Stem Cells
Authors: Moeinzadeh Alaa , Ashtari Behnaz , Garcia Heriberto , Koruji Morteza , Velazquez Carlo Alberto , Bagher Zohreh , Barati Mahmood , Shabani Ronak , Davachi Seyed Mohammad
Published: November 2023

Male survivors of childhood cancer have been known to be afflicted with azoospermia. To combat this, the isolation and purification of spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs) are crucial. Implementing scaffolds that emulate the extracellular matrix environment is vital for promoting the regeneration and proliferation of SSCs. This research aimed to evaluate the efficiency of nanocomposite scaffolds based on alginate, chitosan, and graphene oxide (GO) in facilitating SSCs proliferation. To analyze the cytotoxicity of the scaffolds, an MTT assay was conducted at 1, 3, and 7 days, and the sample containing 30 µg/mL of GO (ALGCS/GO30) exhibited the most favorable results, indicating its optimal performance. The identity of the cells was confirmed using flow cytometry with C-Kit and GFRα1 markers. The scaffolds were subjected to various analyses to characterize their properties. FTIR was employed to assess the chemical structure, XRD to examine crystallinity, and SEM to visualize the morphology of the scaffolds. To evaluate the proliferation of SSCs, qRT-PCR was used. The study’s results demonstrated that the ALGCS/GO30 nanocomposite scaffold exhibited biocompatibility and facilitated the attachment and proliferation of SSCs. Notably, the scaffold displayed a significant increase in proliferation markers compared to the control group, indicating its ability to support SSC growth. The expression level of the PLZF protein was assessed using the Immunocytochemistry method. The observations confirmed the qRT-PCR results, which indicated that the nanocomposite scaffolds had higher levels of PLZF protein expression than scaffolds without GO. The biocompatible ALGCS/GO30 is a promising alternative for promoting SSC proliferation in in vitro applications.
Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on the Epidemiological Situation of Pulmonary Tuberculosis–Using Natural Language Processing
Authors: Morena Diego , Campos Carolina , Castillo María , Alonso Miguel , Benavent María , Izquierdo José Luis
Published: November 2023

Background: We aimed to analyze the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) using artificial intelligence. To do so, we compared the real-life situation during the pandemic with the pre-2020 situation. Methods: This non-interventional, retrospective, observational study applied natural language processing to the electronic health records of the Castilla-La Mancha region of Spain. The analysis was conducted from January 2015 to December 2020. Results: A total of 2592 patients were diagnosed with pulmonary tuberculosis; 64.6% were males, and the mean age was 53.5 years (95%CI 53.0–54.0). In 2020, pulmonary tuberculosis diagnoses dropped by 28% compared to 2019. In total, 62 (14.2%) patients were diagnosed with COVID-19 and pulmonary tuberculosis coinfection in 2020, with a mean age of 52.3 years (95%CI 48.3–56.2). The main symptoms in these patients were dyspnea (27.4%) and cough (35.5%), although their comorbidities were no greater than patients with isolated TB. The female sex was more frequently affected, representing 53.4% of this patient subgroup. Conclusions: During the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic, a decrease was observed in the incidence of pulmonary tuberculosis. Women presented a significantly higher risk for pulmonary tuberculosis and COVID-19 coinfection, although the symptoms were not more severe than patients diagnosed with pulmonary tuberculosis alone.
Mechanism for Improved Curie Temperature and Magnetic Entropy Change in Sm-Doped Fe88Zr8B4 Amorphous Alloys
Authors: Zhang Zhe-Rui , Liu Xiang-Jie , Zhang He-Teng , Wang Qiang , Ding Ding , Tang Ben-Zhen , Yu Peng , Yao Jin-Lei , Xia Lei
Published: November 2023

In the present work, Fe88Zr8−xSmxB4 (x = 2, 4) amorphous alloys (AAs) were successfully synthesized into the shape of 40-micrometer-thick ribbons and their magnetic properties were measured. The Fe88Zr8−xSmxB4 (x = 2, 4) AAs exhibited a rather high maximum magnetic entropy change (−ΔSmpeak): ~3.53 J/(K × kg) near 317 K for x = 2 and ~3.79 J/(K × kg) near 348 K for x = 4 under 5 T. The effects of a Sm substitution for Zr on the Curie temperature (Tc) and −ΔSmpeak were studied and compared to those of Nd and Pr substitutions, for the purpose of revealing the mechanism involved in more detail.
Influence of HCl Concentration on Corrosion Behavior between Au or Cu Bonding Wires and the Bond Pad for Semiconductor Packaging
Authors: Yoo Young-Ran , Kim Gyubinn , Jeon Sung-Min , Park Hyun-Jun , Seo Won-Wook , Moon Jeong-Tak , Kim Young-Sik
Published: November 2023

Wire bonding, one of the methods for electrically connecting a semiconductor chip with a substrate, involves attaching thin metal wires to pads. It is the oldest electrical connection method that exhibits high compatibility with other processes. The metal wires used for electrical connection in wire bonding are mainly made of Au, Cu, and Ag. After the wire bonding, molding is performed using the epoxy molding compound (EMC). However, EMC inevitably contains ions such as halogen elements. In addition, it absorbs moisture due to its hydrophilicity, creating a corrosive environment with electrolytes. In this study, we evaluated the influence of hydrochloric acid concentration on corrosion behavior between Au or Cu bonding wires and sputtered Al bond pads. The electrochemical factors such as corrosion potential difference (ΔE), galvanic corrosion current density (ig), and anodic and cathodic Tafel slopes were found to influence galvanic corrosion behavior. Galvanic corrosion tendency in first bond and second bond areas of PCB unit specimen was confirmed.
Structural Characteristics of PON1 with Leu55Met and Gln192Arg Variants Influencing Oxidative-Stress-Related Diseases: An Integrated Molecular Modeling and Dynamics Study
Authors: M. Sudhan , V. Janakiraman , Ahmad Sheikh F. , Attia Sabry M. , Emran Talha Bin , Patil Rajesh B. , Ahmed Shiek S. S. J.
Published: November 2023

Background and Objectives: PON1 is a multi-functional antioxidant protein that hydrolyzes a variety of endogenous and exogenous substrates in the human system. Growing evidence suggests that the Leu55Met and Gln192Arg substitutions alter PON1 activity and are linked with a variety of oxidative-stress-related diseases. Materials and Methods: We implemented structural modeling and molecular dynamics (MD) simulation along with essential dynamics of PON1 and molecular docking with their endogenous (n = 4) and exogenous (n = 6) substrates to gain insights into conformational changes and binding affinity in order to characterize the specific functional ramifications of PON1 variants. Results: The Leu55Met variation had a higher root mean square deviation (0.249 nm) than the wild type (0.216 nm) and Gln192Arg (0.202 nm), implying increased protein flexibility. Furthermore, the essential dynamics analysis confirms the structural change in PON1 with Leu55Met vs. Gln192Arg and wild type. Additionally, PON1 with Leu55Met causes local conformational alterations at the substrate binding site, leading to changes in binding affinity with their substrates. Conclusions: Our findings highlight the structural consequences of the variants, which would increase understanding of the role of PON1 in the pathogenesis of oxidative-stress-related diseases, as well as the management of endogenous and exogenous chemicals in the treatment of diseases.
Process Parameters Optimization of One-Step Spin Forming of Top Cover with Center Flanged Hole
Authors: Zhu Lijun , Huang Cheng , Li Xinhe , Chang Xin , Yang Jianyong
Published: November 2023

To assist the low-cost manufacturing of tanks, a one-step method of marginal-restraint mandrel-free spin forming is therefore proposed in this study for the forming of top covers with flanged holes. With the finite element simulation analysis, three different forming strategies are discussed, and the best spinning process is identified. The proposed forming strategies involve preforming the flanged surface first and then preforming the spherical and flanged surfaces in a subsequent trajectory and is proved to have better forming accuracy. Furthermore, the forming quality of the spun parts is improved and optimized by employing more passes, smaller feed ratios, and larger roller fillet radii. It was experimentally verified that the marginal-restraint mandrel-free spinning one-step method with five passes, a feed ratio of 1 mm/r, and a roller fillet radius of 60 mm for the cylindrical roller can achieve accurate forming of a top cover with a center flange hole.
First-Principles Study of Elastic Properties and Electronic Properties of Al-Ni-Ce Ternary Intermetallic Compounds
Authors: Ling Ying , Hu Wenjie , Wang Jiabin , Yan Hong
Published: November 2023

The materials of the Al-Ni-Ce ternary system have promising application potential in additive manufacturing, and the systematic study of Al-Ni-Ce IMCs is an important part of the design and performance development of Al-Ni-Ce alloys. In this paper, the mechanical properties and electronic properties of seven major Al-Ni-Ce IMCs are studied using first-principles calculations, and the differences in their mechanical properties are discussed. The enthalpy of formation and cohesion energy of the Al-Ni-Ce IMCs showed that Ce4Al23Ni6 had the highest enthalpy of formation and cohesion energy, which were −49.57 kJ/mol and −4.47 kJ/mol, respectively. This demonstrated that all Al-Ni-Ce IMCs had excellent thermodynamic stability. The elastic modulus calculation of the Al-Ni-Ce IMCs showed that the Young’s modulus of CeAl3Ni2 was the largest at 178.15 GPa, the bulk modulus of CeAlNi4 was the largest at 125.78 GPa, and the shear modulus of CeAlNi2 was the largest at 62.53 GPa. This proved that among the Al-Ni-Ce IMCs, CeAl3Ni2 had the greatest stiffness, CeAlNi4 had the strongest resistance to uniform deformation, and CeAl3Ni2 had the strongest resistance to plastic deformation. The electronic density of states of Al-Ni-Ce IMCs was analyzed, and the results showed that the main bonding types of Al-Ni-Ce IMCs were metallic and covalent bonds. This work can provide a theoretical basis for the material design and development of the Al-Ni-Ce ternary system.
Mechanical Responses of Ductile Aluminum Alloy under Biaxial Non-Proportional Tensile Reverse Loading Patterns
Authors: Wei Zhichao , Gerke Steffen , Brünig Michael
Published: November 2023

This paper deals with the study of the mechanical responses of ductile metals under biaxial non-proportional cyclic loading tests. The biaxially loaded HC specimens manufactured from 4 mm thick aluminum alloy sheets (EN AW 6082-T6) are subjected to various loading paths, including monotonic and cyclic loading conditions. The aim is to investigate the plastic, damage, and fracture behavior of the material under these different loading scenarios. In terms of numerical aspects, a modified anisotropic two-surface cyclic plastic–damage continuum model is used to predict the material behavior in the load-displacement field and different strain fields. Numerically predicted stress states are analyzed in detail to gain a better understanding of the damage mechanisms. Moreover, the scanning electronic microscopy (SEM) pictures taken from the fracture surfaces confirm the dependency of the damage mechanisms on the loading histories. The present work indicates the importance of considering different loading conditions for the accurate prediction of material responses.
Optical Fiber Sensing-Aided 3D-Printed Replacement Parts for Enhancing the Sensing Ability of Architectural Heritage
Authors: Jiang Weile , Yao Kun , Lin Qijing , Zhao Yulong , Lu Di
Published: November 2023

This study discussed the application of optical fibers in addressing the problem of insufficient light harvesting and sensing health monitoring in ancient buildings. Based on three-dimensional (3D) printing technology to fix the light-harvesting lens and conducting optical fiber, develop the replacement parts that can be buried into the optical fiber of ancient buildings. By introducing the experimental application to improve the experimental quality of research and teaching. Firstly, it highlights the advantage that the optical fiber plus lens structure design can make the natural light introduced for a long time; secondly, it points out that the buried optical fiber structure design does not affect the warmth and sound insulation of the building; finally, the health monitoring of the building is realized through the proposed method of buried optical fiber sensing. The design scheme adopts a fiber optic light transmission and sensing system, which can realize the whole system’s corrosion resistance, after laying buried and low-cost operation.
Optimized Design of Lithium Niobate Tuning Forks for the Measurement of Fluid Characteristic Parameters
Authors: Tang Man , Chen Dehua , Zhang Mi , Jiang Feng , Wang Yu
Published: November 2023

The unique double-cantilever beam structure and vibration mode of the tuning fork enable the measuring of fluid density and viscosity synchronously in a decoupling manner. Therefore, it is widely employed in oil and gas development and in petrochemical, food, textile, and other industries. In this paper, quality factors are used to characterize the energy losses of lithium niobate tuning forks when vibrating in a fluid, and the influence parameters, such as length, width, and thickness of the tuning fork arm, etc., of different quality factors are examined with a focus on the viscous quality factor of the fluid. The optimized design of lithium niobate tuning fork dimensions is carried out on this premise, and the analytical solution of the optimal dimension of the lithium niobate tuning fork in the air is obtained. Secondly, the optimal dimension of the lithium niobate tuning fork in fluids is given out by finite element simulation, and the sensitivity of the optimized fork to the viscosity of fluids is investigated. The results show that the optimized tuning fork has a higher quality factor, and thus has a larger parameter measurement range as well as being more sensitive to the change in the fluid density and viscosity. Therefore, the results are of great significance for guiding the preparation and practical application of lithium niobate tuning forks.
2D-Vector Magnetic Sensing Based on Ring-Shaped Fiber-Optic Structure Coated with Magnetic Fluid
Authors: Lin Qijing , Zhu Liangquan , Zhao Na , Yang Ping , Jiang Zhuangde
Published: November 2023

In this work, a novel fiber-optic sensor for 2D magnetic sensing is explored based on nanostructured magnetic fluid. The fiber-optic sensor comprises a ring-shaped fiber structure that is coated with magnetic fluid. The unique magneto-optical characteristic of the nanostructured magnetic fluid enables the fiber-optic structure to detect magnetic fields. By utilizing the 3D Monte Carlo method, the magneto-optical characteristic induced by the nanostructure changes in the magnetic fluid was analyzed. The sensor can realize 2D vector magnetic sensing by intensity demodulation and achieves a sensitivity of 2.402 dB/mT. The proposed fiber optic sensor helps in developing a high-sensitivity 2D vector magnetic field sensor, which has potential applications in the fields of navigation, electrical power systems, and biological detection.
Removal of Aluminum from Synthetic Rare Earth Leach Solution by Selective Complexation and Turbidity Point Extraction
Authors: Gao Liang , Wang Yan , Oyang Jian , Gao Yang , Liu Jinbiao , Wang Ruixiang , Xu Zhifeng , Li Jinhui
Published: November 2023

During the leaching process of ion-adsorbed rare earth ores, large amounts of non-rare earth impurities such as aluminum and iron will be generated. This study selected glutamic acid as a complex agent to selectively calculate aluminum ions; then, added non-ionic surfactants and extract and separate aluminum ions from a rare earth solution using the cloud point extraction method. The effects of solution pH, reaction temperature, equilibration time, amount of glutamic acid, reaction time, and amount of Triton X-114 on aluminum extraction were investigated. The results showed that with a Mglu:MAl ratio of 3:1, a solution pH of 4.5, a constant temperature of 40 °C, and the addition of 10 mL Triton X-114 after 10 min of reaction time, the single extraction efficiency of aluminum ions reached 78.01%, and the extraction efficiency of rare earths was only 5.09% after 10 min of equilibration time. The reaction equation of glutamic acid with aluminum ions was determined, and the lowest extraction concentration of aluminum ions in the glutamic acid complexation extraction solution was found to be cAl = 0.045 ± 0.003 g/L, with a separation coefficient of β(Al/RE) = 66.15. This result indicated that the aluminum ions in the mixed solution could be effectively separated from the rare earth ions when using glutamic acid as a complexing agent in combination with the turbidity point extraction method.