bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of an Early-Warning System for Heat Wave-Related Mortality in Europe: Implications for Sub-seasonal to Seasonal Forecasting and Climate Services
Authors: Lowe Rachel , García-Díez Markel , Ballester Joan , Creswick James , Robine Jean-Marie , Herrmann François , Rodó Xavier
Published: February 2016

Heat waves have been responsible for more fatalities in Europe over the past decades than any other extreme weather event. However, temperature-related illnesses and deaths are largely preventable. Reliable sub-seasonal-to-seasonal (S2S) climate forecasts of extreme temperatures could allow for better short-to-medium-term resource management within heat-health action plans, to protect vulnerable populations and ensure access to preventive measures well in advance. The objective of this study is to assess the extent to which S2S climate forecasts could be incorporated into heat-health action plans, to support timely public health decision-making ahead of imminent heat wave events in Europe. Forecasts of apparent temperature at different lead times (e.g., 1 day, 4 days, 8 days, up to 3 months) were used in a mortality model to produce probabilistic mortality forecasts up to several months ahead of the 2003 heat wave event in Europe. Results were compared to mortality predictions, inferred using observed apparent temperature data in the mortality model. In general, we found a decreasing transition in skill between excellent predictions when using observed temperature, to predictions with no skill when using forecast temperature with lead times greater than one week. However, even at lead-times up to three months, there were some regions in Spain and the United Kingdom where excess mortality was detected with some certainty. This suggests that in some areas of Europe, there is potential for S2S climate forecasts to be incorporated in localised heat–health action plans. In general, these results show that the performance of this climate service framework is not limited by the mortality model itself, but rather by the predictability of the climate variables, at S2S time scales, over Europe.
Focus on Extracellular Vesicles: Therapeutic Potential of Stem Cell-Derived Extracellular Vesicles
Authors: Zhang Bin , Yeo Ronne , Tan Kok , Lim Sai
Published: February 2016

The intense research focus on stem and progenitor cells could be attributed to their differentiation potential to generate new cells to replace diseased or lost cells in many highly intractable degenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer disease, multiple sclerosis, and heart diseases. However, experimental and clinical studies have increasingly attributed the therapeutic efficacy of these cells to their secretion. While stem and progenitor cells secreted many therapeutic molecules, none of these molecules singly or in combination could recapitulate the functional effects of stem cell transplantations. Recently, it was reported that extracellular vesicles (EVs) could recapitulate the therapeutic effects of stem cell transplantation. Based on the observations reported thus far, the prevailing hypothesis is that stem cell EVs exert their therapeutic effects by transferring biologically active molecules such as proteins, lipids, mRNA, and microRNA from the stem cells to injured or diseased cells. In this respect, stem cell EVs are similar to EVs from other cell types. They are both primarily vehicles for intercellular communication. Therefore, the differentiating factor is likely due to the composition of their cargo. The cargo of EVs from different cell types are known to include a common set of proteins and also proteins that reflect the cell source of the EVs and the physiological or pathological state of the cell source. Hence, elucidation of the stem cell EV cargo would provide an insight into the multiple physiological or biochemical changes necessary to affect the many reported stem cell-based therapeutic outcomes in a variety of experimental models and clinical trials.
A Novel Feature Extraction Method with Feature Selection to Identify Golgi-Resident Protein Types from Imbalanced Data
Authors: Yang Runtao , Zhang Chengjin , Gao Rui , Zhang Lina
Published: February 2016

The Golgi Apparatus (GA) is a major collection and dispatch station for numerous proteins destined for secretion, plasma membranes and lysosomes. The dysfunction of GA proteins can result in neurodegenerative diseases. Therefore, accurate identification of protein subGolgi localizations may assist in drug development and understanding the mechanisms of the GA involved in various cellular processes. In this paper, a new computational method is proposed for identifying cis-Golgi proteins from trans-Golgi proteins. Based on the concept of Common Spatial Patterns (CSP), a novel feature extraction technique is developed to extract evolutionary information from protein sequences. To deal with the imbalanced benchmark dataset, the Synthetic Minority Over-sampling Technique (SMOTE) is adopted. A feature selection method called Random Forest-Recursive Feature Elimination (RF-RFE) is employed to search the optimal features from the CSP based features and g-gap dipeptide composition. Based on the optimal features, a Random Forest (RF) module is used to distinguish cis-Golgi proteins from trans-Golgi proteins. Through the jackknife cross-validation, the proposed method achieves a promising performance with a sensitivity of 0.889, a specificity of 0.880, an accuracy of 0.885, and a Matthew’s Correlation Coefficient (MCC) of 0.765, which remarkably outperforms previous methods. Moreover, when tested on a common independent dataset, our method also achieves a significantly improved performance. These results highlight the promising performance of the proposed method to identify Golgi-resident protein types. Furthermore, the CSP based feature extraction method may provide guidelines for protein function predictions.
Micellization Behavior of Long-Chain Substituted Alkylguanidinium Surfactants
Authors: Bouchal Roza , Hamel Abdellah , Hesemann Peter , In Martin , Prelot Bénédicte , Zajac Jerzy
Published: February 2016

Surface activity and micelle formation of alkylguanidinium chlorides containing 10, 12, 14 and 16 carbon atoms in the hydrophobic tail were studied by combining conductivity and surface tension measurements with isothermal titration calorimetry. The purity of the resulting surfactants, their temperatures of Cr→LC and LC→I transitions, as well as their propensity of forming birefringent phases, were assessed based on the results of 1H and 13C NMR, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and polarizing microscopy studies. Whenever possible, the resulting values of Krafft temperature (TK), critical micelle concentration (CMC), minimum surface tension above the CMC, chloride counter-ion binding to the micelle, and the standard enthalpy of micelle formation per mole of surfactant (ΔmicH°) were compared to those characterizing alkyltrimethylammonium chlorides or bromides with the same tail lengths. The value of TK ranged between 292 and 314 K and increased strongly with the increase in the chain length of the hydrophobic tail. Micellization was described as both entropy and enthalpy-driven. Based on the direct calorimetry measurements, the general trends in the CMC with the temperature, hydrophobic tail length, and NaCl addition were found to be similar to those of other types of cationic surfactants. The particularly exothermic character of micellization was ascribed to the hydrogen-binding capacity of the guanidinium head-group.
Sanger Sequencing for BRCA1 c.68_69del, BRCA1 c.5266dup and BRCA2 c.5946del Mutation Screen on Pap Smear Cytology Samples
Authors: Lee Sin , Zhou Shaoxia , Zhou Tianjun , Hong Guofan
Published: February 2016

Three sets of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) primers were designed for heminested PCR amplification of the target DNA fragments in the human genome which include the site of BRCA1 c.68_69del, BRCA1 c.5266dup and BRCA2 c.5946del respectively, to prepare the templates for direct Sanger sequencing screen of these three founder mutations. With a robust PCR mixture, crude proteinase K digestate of the fixed cervicovaginal cells in the liquid-based Papanicolaou (Pap) cytology specimens can be used as the sample for target DNA amplification without pre-PCR DNA extraction, purification and quantitation. The post-PCR products can be used directly as the sequencing templates without further purification or quantitation. By simplifying the frontend procedures for template preparation, the cost for screening these three founder mutations can be reduced to about US $200 per test when performed in conjunction with human papillomavirus (HPV) assays now routinely ordered for cervical cancer prevention. With this projected price structure, selective patients in a high-risk population can be tested and each provided with a set of DNA sequencing electropherograms to document the absence or presence of these founder mutations in her genome to help assess inherited susceptibility to breast and ovarian cancer in this era of precision molecular personalized medicine.
A Review of Biomedical Centrifugal Microfluidic Platforms
Authors: Tang Minghui , Wang Guanghui , Kong Siu-Kai , Ho Ho-Pui
Published: February 2016

Centrifugal microfluidic or lab-on-a-disc platforms have many advantages over other microfluidic systems. These advantages include a minimal amount of instrumentation, the efficient removal of any disturbing bubbles or residual volumes, and inherently available density-based sample transportation and separation. Centrifugal microfluidic devices applied to biomedical analysis and point-of-care diagnostics have been extensively promoted recently. This paper presents an up-to-date overview of these devices. The development of biomedical centrifugal microfluidic platforms essentially covers two categories: (i) unit operations that perform specific functionalities, and (ii) systems that aim to address certain biomedical applications. With the aim to provide a comprehensive representation of current development in this field, this review summarizes progress in both categories. The advanced unit operations implemented for biological processing include mixing, valving, switching, metering and sequential loading. Depending on the type of sample to be used in the system, biomedical applications are classified into four groups: nucleic acid analysis, blood analysis, immunoassays, and other biomedical applications. Our overview of advanced unit operations also includes the basic concepts and mechanisms involved in centrifugal microfluidics, while on the other hand an outline on reported applications clarifies how an assembly of unit operations enables efficient implementation of various types of complex assays. Lastly, challenges and potential for future development of biomedical centrifugal microfluidic devices are discussed.
A New Heterotrophic Strain for Bioleaching of Low Grade Complex Copper Ore
Authors: Hu Kaijian , Wu Aixiang , Wang Hongjiang , Wang Shaoyong
Published: February 2016

A new heterotrophic strain, named Providencia sp. JAT-1, was isolated and used in bioleaching of low-grade complex copper ore. The strain uses sodium citrate as a carbon source and urea as a nitrogen source to produce ammonia. The optimal growth condition of the strain is 30 °C, initial pH 8, sodium citrate 10 g/L and urea 20 g/L, under which the cell density and ammonia concentration in the medium reached a maximum of 4.83 × 108 cells/mL and 14 g/L, respectively. Ammonia produced by the strain is used as the main lixiviant in bioleaching. Bioleaching results revealed that higher strain growth led to a higher copper recovery, while higher pulp density will cause a greater inhibitory effect on strain growth and ammonia production. The copper extraction reached the highest value of 54.5% at the pulp density of 1%. Malachite, chrysocolla and chalcocite are easy to leach out in this bioleaching system while chalcopyrite is difficult. Results of comparative leaching experiments show that bioleaching using JAT-1 is superior to ammonia leaching at the same condition. The metabolites produced by the strain other than ammonia are also involved in bioleaching.
End-of-Life Strategies for Used Mobile Phones Using Material Flow Modeling
Authors: Mishima Kuniko , Rosano Michele , Mishima Nozomu , Nishimura Hidekazu
Published: February 2016

In order to secure valuable materials and to establish better circular economy practice, new legislation to promote recycling of small-sized e-waste including used mobile phones started in April 2013, in Japan. In order to consider appropriate methods to reduce material usage in mobile phone production, an examination of appropriate strategies in handling used mobile phone products is warranted. This paper investigates an analysis of material flow model for used mobile phones. Then, by analyzing the model, it tries to find suitable strategies to reduce the material consumption associated with mobile phone production and consumption. Although material recycling is an important strategy in Japan, other waste management options exist. This research indicates which factors are keys in reducing material consumption and CO2 emission, and establishing resource efficient production. The study concludes that “domestic product reuse” and “official recycling networks” are equally good in reducing the consumption of virgin materials associated with mobile phone production. However, in doing so, it is necessary to establish a system in which consumers can properly return their used mobile phones for recycling. Such an end-of-life waste management system can reduce both waste and resource consumption and the environmental impacts associated with increasing mobile phone production. Further research investigating the value of increasing the product reuse rate and the collection return rate for mobile phones is also warranted.
A Novel Piezoresistive Accelerometer with SPBs to Improve the Tradeoff between the Sensitivity and the Resonant Frequency
Authors: Xu Yu , Zhao Libo , Jiang Zhuangde , Ding Jianjun , Peng Niancai , Zhao Yulong
Published: February 2016

For improving the tradeoff between the sensitivity and the resonant frequency of piezoresistive accelerometers, the dependency between the stress of the piezoresistor and the displacement of the structure is taken into consideration in this paper. In order to weaken the dependency, a novel structure with suspended piezoresistive beams (SPBs) is designed, and a theoretical model is established for calculating the location of SPBs, the stress of SPBs and the resonant frequency of the whole structure. Finite element method (FEM) simulations, comparative simulations and experiments are carried out to verify the good agreement with the theoretical model. It is demonstrated that increasing the sensitivity greatly without sacrificing the resonant frequency is possible in the piezoresistive accelerometer design. Therefore, the proposed structure with SPBs is potentially a novel option for improving the tradeoff between the sensitivity and the resonant frequency of piezoresistive accelerometers.
Spray Droplet Characterization from a Single Nozzle by High Speed Image Analysis Using an In-Focus Droplet Criterion
Authors: Minov Sofija , Cointault Frédéric , Vangeyte Jürgen , Pieters Jan , Nuyttens David
Published: February 2016

Accurate spray characterization helps to better understand the pesticide spray application process. The goal of this research was to present the proof of principle of a droplet size and velocity measuring technique for different types of hydraulic spray nozzles using a high speed backlight image acquisition and analysis system. As only part of the drops of an agricultural spray can be in focus at any given moment, an in-focus criterion based on the gray level gradient was proposed to decide whether a given droplet is in focus or not. In a first experiment, differently sized droplets were generated with a piezoelectric generator and studied to establish the relationship between size and in-focus characteristics. In a second experiment, it was demonstrated that droplet sizes and velocities from a real sprayer could be measured reliably in a non-intrusive way using the newly developed image acquisition set-up and image processing. Measured droplet sizes ranged from 24 μm to 543 μm, depending on the nozzle type and size. Droplet velocities ranged from around 0.5 m/s to 12 m/s. The droplet size and velocity results were compared and related well with the results obtained with a Phase Doppler Particle Analyzer (PDPA).
Efficient Donor Impurities in ZnO Nanorods by Polyethylene Glycol for Enhanced Optical and Glutamate Sensing Properties
Authors: Elhag Sami , Khun Kimleang , Khranovskyy Volodymyr , Liu Xianjie , Willander Magnus , Nur Omer
Published: February 2016

In this paper, we show that the possibility of using polyethylene glycol (EG) as a hydrogen source and it is used to assist the hydrothermal synthesis of ZnO nanorods (ZNRs). EG doping in ZNRs has been found to significantly improve their optical and chemical sensing characteristics toward glutamate. The EG was found to have no role on the structural properties of the ZNRs. However, the x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) suggests that the EG could induce donor impurities effect in ZnO. Photoluminescence (PL) and UV-Vis. spectra demonstrated this doping effect. Mott-Schottky analysis at the ZNRs/electrolyte interface was used to investigate the charge density for the doped ZNRs and showed comparable dependence on the used amount of EG. Moreover, the doped ZNRs were used in potentiometric measurements for glutamate for a range from 10−6 M to 10−3 M and the potential response of the sensor electrode was linear with a slope of 91.15 mV/decade. The wide range and high sensitivity of the modified ZNRs based glutamate biosensor is attributed to the doping effect on the ZNRs that is dictated by the EG along with the high surface area-to-volume ratio. The findings in the present study suggest new avenues to control the growth of n-ZnO nanostructures and enhance the performance of their sensing devices.
A Quantum Cascade Laser-Based Optical Sensor for Continuous Monitoring of Environmental Methane in Dunkirk (France)
Authors: Maamary Rabih , Cui Xiaojuan , Fertein Eric , Augustin Patrick , Fourmentin Marc , Dewaele Dorothée , Cazier Fabrice , Guinet Laurence , Chen Weidong
Published: February 2016

A room-temperature continuous-wave (CW) quantum cascade laser (QCL)-based methane (CH4) sensor operating in the mid-infrared near 8 μm was developed for continuous measurement of CH4 concentrations in ambient air. The well-isolated absorption line (7F2,4 ← 8F1,2) of the ν4 fundamental band of CH4 located at 1255.0004 cm−1 was used for optical measurement of CH4 concentration by direct absorption in a White-type multipass cell with an effective path-length of 175 m. A 1σ (SNR = 1) detection limit of 33.3 ppb in 218 s was achieved with a measurement precision of 1.13%. The developed sensor was deployed in a campaign of measurements of time series CH4 concentration on a site near a suburban traffic road in Dunkirk (France) from 9th to 22nd January 2013. An episode of high CH4 concentration of up to ~3 ppm has been observed and analyzed with the help of meteorological parameters combined with back trajectory calculation using the Hybrid Single Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory (HYSPLIT) model of NOAA.
A Multi-Objective Input–Output Linear Model for Water Supply, Economic Growth and Environmental Planning in Resource-Based Cities
Authors: Ke Wenlan , Sha Jinghua , Yan Jingjing , Zhang Guofeng , Wu Rongrong
Published: February 2016

Water resource and environment capacity have become two of the most important restrictions for sustainable development in resource-based cities whose leading industries are the exploitation and processing of resources. Taking Ordos in China as an example, this article constructs an integrated model combining a multi-objective optimization model with input–output analysis to achieve the tradeoffs between economic growth, water utilization and environmental protection. This dynamic model includes socioeconomic, water supply–demand, water quality control, air quality control, energy consumption control and integrated policy sub-models. These six sub-models interact with each other. After simulation, this article proposes efficient solutions on industrial restructuring by maximizing the Gross Regional Product of Ordos from 394.3 in 2012 to 785.1 billion RMB in 2025 with a growth rate of 6.4% annually; and presents a water supply plan by maximizing the proportion of reclaimed water from 2% to 6.3% through sewage treatment technology selection and introduction, and effective water allocation. Meanwhile, the environmental impacts are all in line with the planning targets. This study illustrates that the integrated modeling is generic and can be applied to any region suffering uncoordinated development issues and can serve as a pre-evaluation approach for conducting early warning research to offer suggestions for government decision-making.
Methodology for Selecting Best Management Practices Integrating Multiple Stakeholders and Criteria. Part 2: Case Study
Authors: Aceves Mauricio , Fuamba Musandji
Published: February 2016

The selection of stormwater Best Management Practices (BMPs) for mitigating the effects of urbanization on the hydrological cycle could be a complex process due to conflicting stakeholder views, and varying levels of performance of BMPs across a range of criteria (runoff reduction, erosion control, etc.). Part 1 of this article proposed a methodology based on the application of multi-criteria decision aid (MCDA) methods, which was tested here on a residential stormwater network in the Montreal area. The case study considered green roofs, rain gardens, rain barrels and pervious pavement over a range of economic, social, and water quality and quantity criteria by applying 4 MCDA methods under three different stakeholder views. The results indicated Elimination et Choix Traduisant la Réalité (ELECTRE) III to be the most appropriate method for the methodology, presenting flexibility concerning threshold values, criteria weights, and showing shared top choices across stakeholders (rain gardens, and rain gardens in combination with pervious pavement). The methodology shows potential for more formal applications and research opportunities. Future work may lie in the inclusion of multiple objective optimization, better stakeholder engagement, estimation of economic benefits, water quality modeling, long-term hydrological simulations, and estimating real BMP pollutant removal rates.
Utilizing RADseq data for phylogenetic analysis of challenging taxonomic groups: A case study in Carex sect. Racemosae
Authors: Massatti Rob , Reznicek Anton A. , Knowles L. Lacey
Published: February 2016

PREMISE OF THE STUDY:

Relationships among closely related and recently diverged taxa can be especially difficult to resolve. Here we use both Sanger sequencing and next‐generation RADseq data sets to estimate phylogenetic relationships among species of Carex section Racemosae (Cyperaceae), a clade largely restricted to high latitudes and elevations. Interest in relationships among these taxa derives from questions about the species' biogeographic histories and possible links between diversification and Pleistocene glaciations.

METHODS:

A combination of approaches and molecular markers were used to estimate relationships among Carex species within sect. Racemosae and taxa from closely related sections. Nuclear and chloroplast loci generated by Sanger sequencing were analyzed with *BEAST, and SNP data from RADseq loci were analyzed as a concatenated data set using maximum likelihood and as independent loci using SVDquartets.

KEY RESULTS:

Sanger sequencing data sets resolved relationships among taxa at intermediate phylogenetic depths (albeit with low levels of support). Only the RADseq data resolved relationships with strong support at all phylogenetic depths. Moreover, different methods and data partitions of the RADseq data resulted in nearly identical topologies. Carex sect. Racemosae is a strongly supported clade, although a handful of species were found to group with closely related sections. Herbarium specimens up to 35 yr old successfully produced informative RADseq data.

CONCLUSIONS:

Despite the short read lengths of RADseq data, they nevertheless resolved relationships that Sanger sequencing data did not. Resolution of the phylogenetic relationships among recently and rapidly diversifying taxa within sect. Racemosae clades suggest a role for the Pleistocene glaciations in clade diversification.
Pleistocene radiation of the serpentine‐adapted genus Hesperolinon and other divergence times in Linaceae (Malpighiales)
Authors: Schneider Adam C. , Freyman William A. , Guilliams C. Matt , Springer Yuri P. , Baldwin Bruce G.
Published: February 2016

PREMISE OF THE STUDY:

Hesperolinon (western flax; Linaceae) is endemic to the western United States, where it is notable for its high and geographically concentrated species diversity on serpentine‐derived soils and for its use as a model system in disease ecology. We used a phylogenetic framework to test a long‐standing hypothesis that Hesperolinon is a neoendemic radiation.

METHODS:

Five plastid and two ribosomal nuclear DNA gene regions were sampled from 105 populations of Hesperolinon, including all 13 recently recognized species across their known ranges. We used these data to generate population‐level phylogenies of Hesperolinon. We also generated a robustly sampled chronogram of Linaceae using an eight‐gene, 100‐taxon supermatrix calibrated using fossil Linum pollen and a published chronogram of Malpighiales.

KEY RESULTS:

Most diversification in Hesperolinon has taken place in the past 1–2 million yr, much more recently than previous estimates. Only the earliest‐diverging species, H. drymarioides, was resolved as a clade. Denser taxon and gene sampling generally support previously proposed relationships within Linaceae, but with more recent diversification of key clades.

CONCLUSIONS:

Hesperolinon is an excellent example of edaphic neoendemism, in support of Raven and Axelrod's hypothesis for the genus. Dense population‐level sampling reveals a complex of incipient species, with clades poorly aligned with traditional morphological circumscriptions, likely due in part to continued gene flow. The diversification of Linaceae is more recent than previously estimated, and other recent radiations (e.g., Hugonia) warrant further study.
Microsatellites for Oenothera gayleana and O. hartwegii subsp. filifolia (Onagraceae), and their utility in section Calylophus
Authors: Lewis Emily M. , Fant Jeremie B. , Moore Michael J. , Hastings Amy P. , Larson Erica L. , Agrawal Anurag A. , Skogen Krissa A.
Published: February 2016

Premise of the study:

Eleven nuclear and four plastid microsatellite markers were screened for two gypsum endemic species, Oenothera gayleana and O. hartwegii subsp. filifolia, and tested for cross‐amplification in the remaining 11 taxa within Oenothera sect. Calylophus (Onagraceae).

Methods and Results:

Microsatellite markers were tested in two to three populations spanning the ranges of both O. gayleana and O. hartwegii subsp. filifolia. The nuclear microsatellite loci consisted of both di‐ and trinucleotide repeats with one to 17 alleles per population. Several loci showed significant deviation from Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium, which may be evidence of chromosomal rings. The plastid microsatellite markers identified one to seven haplotypes per population. The transferability of these markers was confirmed in all 11 taxa within Oenothera sect. Calylophus.

Conclusions:

The microsatellite loci characterized here are the first developed and tested in Oenothera sect. Calylophus. These markers will be used to assess whether pollinator foraging distance influences population genetic parameters in predictable ways.
CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF INTERMEDIATE-MASS STAR MEMBERS OF THE M6 (NGC 6405) OPEN CLUSTER
Authors: Kılıçoğlu T. , Monier R. , Richer J. , Fossati L. , Albayrak B.
Published: February 2016

We present here the first abundance analysis of 44 late B-, A-, and F-type members of the young open cluster M6 (NGC 6405, age about 75 Myr). Low- and medium-resolution spectra, covering the 4500–5840 Å wavelength range, were obtained using the FLAMES/GIRAFFE spectrograph attached to the ESO Very Large Telescopes. We determined the atmospheric parameters using calibrations of the Geneva photometry and by adjusting the H
β
profiles to synthetic ones. The abundances of up to 20 chemical elements, from helium to mercury, were derived for 19 late B, 16 A, and 9 F stars by iteratively adjusting synthetic spectra to the observations. We also derived a mean cluster metallicity of [Fe/H] = 0.07 ± 0.03 dex from the iron abundances of the F-type stars. We find that for most chemical elements, the normal late B- and A-type stars exhibit larger star-to-star abundance variations than the F-type stars probably because of the faster rotation of the B and A stars. The abundances of C, O, Mg, Si, and Sc appear to be anticorrelated with that of Fe, while the opposite holds for the abundances of Ca, Ti, Cr, Mn, Ni, Y, and Ba as expected if radiative diffusion is efficient in the envelopes of these stars. In the course of this analysis, we discovered five new peculiar stars: one mild Am, one Am, and one Fm star (HD 318091, CD-32 13109, GSC 07380-01211, CP1), one HgMn star (HD 318126, CP3), and one He-weak P-rich (HD 318101, CP4) star. We also discovered a new spectroscopic binary, most likely a SB2. We performed a detailed modeling of HD 318101, the new He-weak P-rich CP star, using the Montréal stellar evolution code XEVOL which self-consistently treats all particle transport processes. Although the overall abundance pattern of this star is properly reproduced, we find that detailed abundances (in particular the high P excess) resisted modeling attempts even when a range of turbulence profiles and mass-loss rates were considered. Solutions are proposed which are still under investigation.
ALFVÉNIC WAVE HEATING OF THE UPPER CHROMOSPHERE IN FLARES
Authors: Reep J. W. , Russell A. J. B.
Published: February 2016

We have developed a numerical model of flare heating due to the dissipation of Alfvénic waves propagating from the corona to the chromosphere. With this model, we present an investigation of the key parameters of these waves on the energy transport, heating, and subsequent dynamics. For sufficiently high frequencies and perpendicular wave numbers, the waves dissipate significantly in the upper chromosphere, strongly heating it to flare temperatures. This heating can then drive strong chromospheric evaporation, bringing hot and dense plasma to the corona. We therefore find three important conclusions: (1) Alfvénic waves, propagating from the corona to the chromosphere, are capable of heating the upper chromosphere and the corona, (2) the atmospheric response to heating due to the dissipation of Alfvénic waves can be strikingly similar to heating by an electron beam, and (3) this heating can produce explosive evaporation.
Key Data from the 17th International Workshop on Co-morbidities and Adverse Drug Reactions in HIV
Authors: Coughlan Ruth , Cameron Stephen
Published: February 2016

Combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) has significantly reduced HIV-related morbidity and mortality; however, residual inflammation often persists in the absence of detectable viral load. In addition, chronic use of cART and an ageing HIV-positive population present new challenges to treating physicians who must balance the need for good virological control with risk of treatment-related toxicities. Discussions at the 17th International Workshop on Co-morbidities and Adverse Drug Reactions in HIV once again sought a better understanding of the complex relationship between HIV-, treatment- and age-related factors in the development of comorbidities in those infected with HIV. Key data from the meeting pertaining to inflammatory pathways in HIV, adipose tissue metabolism, cardiovascular disease, bone health, ageing and frailty, neurocognitive dysfunction, pulmonary disease and HCV coinfection are the focus of this report.
Analyse attendue, analyse inattendue
Authors: Lepoutre Thomas
Published: February 2016

Ayant rappelé que la pratique clinique suppose toujours d’éloigner les préconceptions du savoir pour s’ouvrir à l’inattendu de la vérité, cet article entend souligner que la clinique analytique comporte aussi des attendus . En particulier, l’auteur pointe qu’une écoute orientée par la psychopathologie psychanalytique débouche toujours sur les mêmes questions inconscientes, qui ne manquent dans aucun cas. On indique ainsi la tension qui travaille chaque cas de la clinique analytique, entre la part d’inattendu indépassable qu’il comporte, et la part d’attendus auxquels il répond, et qui fait que même au moment où on le rencontre pour la première fois, un cas singulier ne se présente pas tout à fait comme une nouveauté absolue surgissant dans un désert d’ignorance. Cela revient à problématiser rigoureusement le point nodal où les attendus de la théorie rencontrent l’inattendu de la clinique .
Un atelier balade : comment ça marche ?
Authors: Chocron Michael , Vicherat Louis , Khial Elsa
Published: February 2016

Dans les différents lieux proposant des prises en charge pour les personnes autistes, les journées sont divisées en ateliers. Il est fréquent de voir dans ces structures un atelier balade. Le principe en est simple : proposer aux patients d’aller se balader en ville ou en forêt pendant un temps plus ou moins long. Néanmoins, cette activité, apparemment triviale, peut s’appréhender comme une médiation groupale mobilisant les patients y participant. En s’appuyant sur l’extrait d’une observation de ce groupe balade, cet article interroge les enjeux thérapeutique et épistémologique de la théorisation d’une telle médiation. Au travers d’une illustration de l’utilisation de cette médiation dans le cadre d’une prise en charge thérapeutique, se pose la question d’un cadre théorique rendant sensible ce qui se déploie au sein d’un tel groupe. Émerge alors la question du traitement de l’archaïque et du corps au sein d’un appareil psychique groupal dans le cadre de la métapsychologie du troisième type permettant de considérer les interactions entre les niveaux intrapsychique, intersubjectif et groupal.
Music and Rhetoric in the USSR: The Principle of Confutatio in Bach’s Music and in the Philosophical System of Yakov Druskin (1902-1980)
Authors: Lupishko Marina
Published: February 2016

L’article donne un aperçu de la vie et de l’œuvre du philosophe et musicoloque Yakov Druskin et examine le premier chapitre de son ouvrage Les principes rhétoriques de la musique de J.-S. Bach (1972/1996). Dans ce livre, Druskin étudie les six principes de la dispositio décrits par Johann Mattheson dans Der vollkommene Capellmeister (1739) et la possibilité de leur application pour l’analyse formelle des œuvres instrumentales de Bach. Appuyée sur de nombreux exemples tirés des inventions, des partitas, des suites françaises et anglaises et des suites pour violoncelle seul, la réinterprétation par Druskin de la Confutatio , le quatrième principe de Mattheson, représente une contribution importante à l’étude de la rhétorique de Bach en URSS. L’article examine l’idée et le fonction de la Confutatio de Druskin et met en lumière la relation entre les écrits musicologiques, littéraires et théologiques de Druskin pour les rattacher aux théories littéraires proto-narratologiques (Shklovsky 1921, Tomashevsky 1925, Propp 1928) et les situer dans une perspective plus large de l’intérêt actuel pour la narratologie transdisciplinaire.
Le système scolaire, les apprentissages et l’attachement
Authors: Delage Michel
Published: February 2016

Ce travail présente des réflexions sur l’apprentissage, l’enseignement et l’attachement à partir d’une recherche. Il s’agit bien d’une recherche-action entreprise depuis plusieurs années dans des établissements scolaires maternels et primaires. Les capacités d’apprentissage sont corrélées à la qualité des attachements construits avec les parents. L’enseignant de son côté est susceptible d’apparaître à l’enfant comme une base de sécurité ou comme une source de stress. Plusieurs configurations peuvent être étudiées dans le triangle d’apprentissage formé par l’enfant-la tâche scolaire et l’enseignant. Un autre triangle, appelé ici enfant-enseignant et classe, est rapidement abordé ainsi que le triangle formé par l’enfant, l’école et la famille. La prise en compte de tous ces triangles conduit à réfléchir au travail d’équipe et à la façon dont l’équipe pédagogique peut constituer pour l’enseignant lui-même une base de sécurité rendant son travail plus efficient.
LASIK for Hyperopia Using an Aberration-Neutral Profile With an Asymmetric Offset Centration
Authors: Arba-Mosquera Samuel , de Ortueta Diego
Published: February 2016

PURPOSE:

To investigate refractive outcomes and induction of corneal higher order aberrations (HOAs) in eyes with large pupil to corneal vertex offset that underwent LASIK for hyperopia using an aberration-neutral profile with corneal vertex centration and asymmetric offset.

METHODS:

In this retrospective consecutive review, 26 patients (46 eyes) who underwent LASIK performed by one surgeon using the AMARIS 750S excimer laser platform and Carriazo-Pendular microkeratome (both from SCHWIND eye-tech-solutions, Kleinostheim, Germany) for flap creation were retrospectively analyzed. Only eyes targeted for plano and with a pupil to corneal vertex offset greater than 200
µ
m were included. The preoperative metrics were correlated with the outcomes at 3 and 6 months postoperatively.

RESULTS:

The mean spherical equivalent was +3.43 ± 1.30 diopters (D) preoperatively and +0.21 ± 0.61 D at last postoperative visit (
P
< .0001). Mean refractive astigmatism was 1.09 ± 1.06 D preoperatively, and 0.39 ± 0.43 D at last postoperative visit. Postoperative uncorrected distance visual acuity of 20/25 or better was achieved in 74%, 65%, and 79% of eyes at 1, 3, and 6 months, respectively, compared to 85% corrected distance visual acuity of 20/25 or better preoperatively. Statistically significant correlation was observed between preoperative and postoperative aberration values for vertical trefoil (
P
< .0005), vertical coma (
P
< .0005), oblique tetrafoil (
P
< .0001), secondary cardinal astigmatism (
P
< .05), cardinal tetrafoil (
P
< .05), and secondary vertical trefoil (
P
< .05).

CONCLUSIONS:

LASIK for high levels of hyperopia using corneal vertex centration with asymmetric offset was safe and predictable. Maintaining postoperative keratometry less than 49.00 D after hyperopic LASIK and centering on corneal vertex may reduce the induction of coma compared to other profiles or centration strategies.

[
J Refract Surg.
2016;32(2):78–83.]
Corneal Molecular and Cellular Biology for the Refractive Surgeon: The Critical Role of the Epithelial Basement Membrane
Authors: Marino Gustavo K. , Santhiago Marcony R. , Torricelli Andre A. M. , Santhanam Abirami , Wilson Steven E.
Published: February 2016

PURPOSE:

To provide an overview of the recent advances concerning the corneal molecular and cellular biology processes involved in the wound healing response after excimer laser surface ablation and LASIK surgery.

METHODS:

Literature review.

RESULTS:

The corneal wound healing response is a complex cascade of events that impacts the predictability and stability of keratorefractive surgical procedures such as photorefractive keratectomy and LASIK. The generation and persistence of corneal myofibroblasts (contractile cells with reduced transparency) arise from the interaction of cytokines and growth factors such as transforming growth factor beta and interleukin 1 produced by epithelial and stromal cells in response to the corneal injury. Myofibroblasts, and the opaque extracellular matrix they secrete into the stroma, disturb the precise distribution and spacing of collagen fibers related to corneal transparency and lead to the development of vision-limiting corneal opacity (haze). The intact epithelial basement membrane has a pivotal role as a structure that regulates corneal epithelial–stromal interactions. Thus, defective regeneration of the epithelial basement membrane after surgery, trauma, or infection leads to the development of stromal haze. The apoptotic process following laser stromal ablation, which is proportional to the level of attempted correction, leads to an early decrease in anterior keratocyte density and the diminished contribution of these non-epithelial cells of components such as perlecan and nidogen-2 required for normal regeneration of the epithelial basement membrane. Haze persists until late repair of the defective epithelial basement membrane.

CONCLUSIONS:

Defective regeneration of the epithelial basement membrane has a critical role in determining whether a cornea heals with late haze after photorefractive keratectomy or with scarring at the flap edge in LASIK.

[
J Refract Surg
. 2016;32(2):118–125.]
Femtosecond Laser-Assisted Cataract Surgery in Phakic Intraocular Lens With Cataract
Authors: Kaur Manpreet , Sahu Suman , Sharma Namrata , Titiyal Jeewan S.
Published: February 2016

PURPOSE:

To report two cases of cataract with phakic intraocular lens (PIOL) in situ that underwent femtosecond laser-assisted cataract surgery (FLACS) along with PIOL explantation.

METHODS:

Case reports.

RESULTS:

The first case had an implantable collamer lens (ICL) in situ. A well-centered, circular femtosecond laser capsulotomy was achieved. Incomplete nucleotomy was noted due to the entrapment of cavitation bubbles beneath the ICL. Postoperative visual acuity was 20/20. The second case had a rigid iris-claw PIOL in situ. Successful femtosecond laser-assisted capsulotomy and nuclear fragmentation were achieved. The PIOL was disenclavated temporally and displaced inferiorly followed by completion of phacoemulsification. The PIOL was explanted at the end of surgery by enlarging the temporal incision. Postoperative uncorrected visual acuity was 20/32.

CONCLUSIONS:

The femtosecond laser can be used to create a capsulotomy and nuclear fragmentation through both anterior and posterior chamber PIOLs.

[
J Refract Surg.
2016;32(2):131–134.]
ENERGY CONSUMPTION, ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS AND EFFECTIVE MEASURES OF GREEN OFFICE BUILDINGS: A LIFE CYCLE APPROACH
Authors: Mao Guozhu , Chen Hao , Du Huibin , Zuo Jian , Pullen Stephen , Wang Yuan
Published: February 2016

The last few decades have witnessed a rapid development of green buildings in China especially the office sector. The life cycle assessment (LCA) approach has potential to weigh the benefits and costs associated with green building developments. Essentially, the LCA method evaluates the costs and benefits across a building's life cycle with a system approach. In this study, a green office building in Beijing, China, was analyzed by life cycle assessment to quantify its energy use and evaluate the environmental impacts in each life cycle stage. The environmental impacts can be reduced by 7.3%, 1.6% and 0.8% by using 30% gas-fired electricity generation, increasing the summer indoor temperature by 1°C, and switching off office equipment and lighting during lunchtime, respectively. Similarly, by reusing 80% of the selected materials when the building is finally demolished, the three major adverse environmental impacts on human health, ecosystem quality, and resource depletion can be reduced by 11.3% 12.7%, and 7.1% respectively. Sensitivity analysis shows that electricity conservation is more effective than materials efficiency in terms of a reduction in environmental impacts. These findings are useful to inform decision makers in different stages of the green building life cycle.
ENGINEERING CHARACTERIZATION OF STRENGTH AND ELASTIC PROPERTIES OF GEOPOLYMER CEMENT CONCRETE MATERIALS
Authors: Tempest Brett , Gergely Janos , Weggel David C.
Published: February 2016

Geopolymer cements provide an alternative to the Portland cement used to produce structural concrete. In this study, geopolymer cements were used to create concrete having compressive strength in the range of 34 to 83 MPa (5,000–12,000 psi). The mechanical properties of these concrete materials were evaluated to determine the compressive and tensile strengths and immediate and long term elastic behaviors. The geopolymer cement concrete (GCC) was found to perform in a similar manner to Portland cement concrete (PCC). Long term shrinkage and creep properties of GCC materials were found to be lower than the values typical for PCC.
La Chambre d’appel du TPIY ordonne un nouveau procès dans l’affaire Stanisic et Simatovic
Authors: Fauveau Ivanovic Natacha
Published: February 2016

Par son arrêt rendu en appel le 15 décembre 2015 dans l’affaire le Procureur c. Jovica Stanisic et Franko Simatovic (IT-03-69-A), la Chambre d'appel du Tribunal pénal international pour l’ex-Yougoslavie (TPIY) a abordé trois questions juridiques intéressantes : d’abord, les pouvoirs de la Chambre d’appel et notamment son pouvoir de modifier un jugement rendu en première instance ; ensuite, l’établissement des éléments constitutifs de la responsabilité fondée sur la participation dans une entreprise criminelle commune ; et enfin, la responsabilité du complice. Dans son arrêt la Chambre d’appel a confirmé la jurisprudence récente élargissant la responsabilité fondée sur la complicité et a adopté de nouveaux standards relatifs à la responsabilité fondée sur l’entreprise criminelle commune. Elle a ordonné pour la première fois le renvoi en première instance pour tous les chefs d’accusation.
« Constitutionnaliser » l’état d’urgence ou comment soigner l’obsession d'inconstitutionnalité ?
Authors: Boucobza Isabelle , Girard Charlotte
Published: February 2016

Le projet de loi constitutionnelle de Protection de la Nation discuté depuis ce 5 février 2016 à l'Assemblée Nationale prétend notamment constitutionnaliser l'état d'urgence. Que veut dire et surtout à quoi sert cette constitutionnalisation ? L'analyse de l'exposé des motifs et plus largement du dispositif fait apparaître une stratégie du Gouvernement visant à organiser l'immunité préventive des mesures prises.
Virtual Teams
Authors: Switzer Jamie S. , Switzer Ralph V.
Published: February 2016

As the use of virtual teams becomes increasingly more common in all types of organizations, those involved must have the knowledge to operate efficiently and collaboratively and communicate effectively, particularly the virtual team leaders. Virtual teams will not succeed without strong leadership. Many traditional leadership principles apply to virtual teams, but virtual team leaders have additional challenges. This chapter examines the role of virtual team leaders and determines what characteristics and behaviors are exemplified by those leaders, using an instrument developed by Jim Kouzes and Barry Posner. The Leadership Practices Inventory (LPI) identifies five practices and behaviors of successful leaders. Additionally, embedded in the “Five Practices of Exemplary Leadership” model are behaviors that serve as the basis for learning to lead, called “The Ten Commitments of Leadership.”
Analysis of Initial Involvement of Librarians in the Online Virtual World of Second Life
Authors: Kowalsky Michelle
Published: February 2016

This descriptive case study considers a tech-savvy and geographically distributed group of librarians and information professionals, led by an initiative of the Alliance Library System of Illinois, who gathered together to brainstorm and organize ways to provide online users with real library services. Through document analysis of written conversations in their online discussion group, the researcher has explored the development process of these librarians as they began to provide information services to users in the virtual online world of Second Life®.