bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cardiopulmonary Physical Therapy Practice in the Paediatric Intensive Care Unit
Authors: McCord Jennifer , Krull Nelin , Kraiker Jennifer , Ryan Rachelle , Duczeminski Erica , Hassall Alison , Lati Jamil , Mathur Sunita
Published: June 2013

Purpose: Physical therapists play an important role in the pediatric intensive care setting. The purpose of this study was to describe current cardiopulmonary physical therapy (CPT) practices in a pediatric cardiac critical care unit (CCCU) and a pediatric intensive care unit (PICU), as well as to determine the feasibility of obtaining clinically relevant outcome measures in this setting. Methods: We obtained reasons for admission, CPT treatment patterns, and availability of chest X-rays interpretation via a retrospective chart review of children who received CPT while in the PICU and CCCU (n=111). Results: Congenital cardiac conditions (34.2%) and primary respiratory deterioration (27.9%) were the most common reasons for admission; 50% of the children had associated diagnoses (e.g., developmental delay). Manual hyperinflation with expiratory vibration was the most common CPT treatment. Chest X-ray interpretation was available in 72% of the charts. Conclusions: Manual hyperinflation with expiratory vibration was used across diagnostic groups in the CCCU and PICU; its effectiveness therefore requires further study. Chest X-ray is an important clinical outcome and therefore needs to be recorded in a standardized manner to be useful for future clinical research studies.
A Physiotherapy Triage Service for Orthopaedic Surgery: An Effective Strategy for Reducing Wait Times
Authors: Napier Christopher , McCormack Robert G. , Hunt Michael A. , Brooks-Hill Alexandra
Published: June 2013

Purpose: To investigate the effectiveness of a physiotherapy triage service for orthopaedic surgery referrals from primary-care physicians. Methods: A prospective, observational design was used with patients referred to an orthopaedic surgeon based out of two small urban centres in British Columbia. The level of agreement between the physiotherapist and surgeon was determined using a weighted kappa statistic (κw) with 95% CI. A patient satisfaction questionnaire was administered, and the surgical conversion rate (SCR) was calculated to assess the level of appropriate referrals. Results: The analysis found substantial agreement (κw=0.77; 95% CI, 0.60–0.94) between surgeon and physiotherapist for surgical management decisions. All patients reported being “satisfied” or “very satisfied” with the overall care they received from the physiotherapist. The SCR of patients referred by the physiotherapist to the surgeon was 91%, versus 22% among patients referred by a general practitioner or emergency physician. Conclusion: More than three-fourths of patients referred by primary-care physicians did not need to see a surgeon and were able to be managed by an experienced orthopaedic physiotherapist. This triage model could have considerable impact on orthopaedic wait times in Canada by minimizing unnecessary referrals; the model could also promote timely and conservative management of non-surgical conditions by physiotherapists.
Activity of Laccase Immobilized on TiO2-Montmorillonite Complexes
Authors: Wang Qingqing , Peng Lin , Li Guohui , Zhang Ping , Li Dawei , Huang Fenglin , Wei Qufu
Published: June 2013

The TiO2-montmorillonite (TiO2-MMT) complex was prepared by blending TiO2 sol and MMT with certain ratio, and its properties as an enzyme immobilization support were investigated. The pristine MMT and TiO2-MMT calcined at 800 °C (TiO2-MMT800) were used for comparison to better understand the immobilization mechanism. The structures of the pristine MMT, TiO2-MMT, and TiO2-MMT800 were examined by HR-TEM, XRD and BET. SEM was employed to study different morphologies before and after laccase immobilization. Activity and kinetic parameters of the immobilized laccase were also determined. It was found that the TiO2 nanoparticles were successfully introduced into the MMT layer structure, and this intercalation enlarged the “d value” of two adjacent MMT layers and increased the surface area, while the calcination process led to a complete collapse of the MMT layers. SEM results showed that the clays were well coated with adsorbed enzymes. The study of laccase activity revealed that the optimum pH and temperature were pH = 3 and 60 °C, respectively. In addition, the storage stability for the immobilized laccase was satisfactory. The kinetic properties indicated that laccase immobilized on TiO2-MMT complexes had a good affinity to the substrate. It has been proved that TiO2-MMT complex is a good candidate for enzyme immobilization.
Protease Inhibitors from Marine Venomous Animals and Their Counterparts in Terrestrial Venomous Animals
Authors: Mourão Caroline , Schwartz Elisabeth
Published: June 2013

The Kunitz-type protease inhibitors are the best-characterized family of serine protease inhibitors, probably due to their abundance in several organisms. These inhibitors consist of a chain of ~60 amino acid residues stabilized by three disulfide bridges, and was first observed in the bovine pancreatic trypsin inhibitor (BPTI)-like protease inhibitors, which strongly inhibit trypsin and chymotrypsin. In this review we present the protease inhibitors (PIs) described to date from marine venomous animals, such as from sea anemone extracts and Conus venom, as well as their counterparts in terrestrial venomous animals, such as snakes, scorpions, spiders, Anurans, and Hymenopterans. More emphasis was given to the Kunitz-type inhibitors, once they are found in all these organisms. Their biological sources, specificity against different proteases, and other molecular blanks (being also K+ channel blockers) are presented, followed by their molecular diversity. Whereas sea anemone, snakes and other venomous animals present mainly Kunitz-type inhibitors, PIs from Anurans present the major variety in structure length and number of Cys residues, with at least six distinguishable classes. A representative alignment of PIs from these venomous animals shows that, despite eventual differences in Cys assignment, the key-residues for the protease inhibitory activity in all of them occupy similar positions in primary sequence. The key-residues for the K+ channel blocking activity was also compared.
Diels-Alder Reactions of 12-Hydroxy-9(10®20)-5aH-abeo-abieta-1(10),8(9),12(13)-triene-11,14-dione
Authors: Majetich George , Zhang Yong , Tian Xinrong , Zou Ge , Li Yang , Wang Yangyang , Hu Shougang , Huddleston Eric
Published: June 2013

12-Hydroxy-9(10®20)-5aH-abeo-abieta-1(10),8(9),12(13)-triene-11,14-dione (quinone 2) served as the dienophile in numerous intermolecular Diels-Alder reactions. These cycloadditions were conducted either thermally (including microwave heating) or with Lewis acid activation. While most dienes reacted with quinone 2 in good chemical yield, others were incompatible under the experimental conditions used.
The Role of Chromatin in Adenoviral Vector Function
Authors: Wong Carmen , McFall Emily , Burns Joseph , Parks Robin
Published: June 2013

Vectors based on adenovirus (Ad) are one of the most commonly utilized platforms for gene delivery to cells in molecular biology studies and in gene therapy applications. Ad is also the most popular vector system in human clinical gene therapy trials, largely due to its advantageous characteristics such as high cloning capacity (up to 36 kb), ability to infect a wide variety of cell types and tissues, and relative safety due to it remaining episomal in transduced cells. The latest generation of Ad vectors, helper‑dependent Ad (hdAd), which are devoid of all viral protein coding sequences, can mediate high-level expression of a transgene for years in a variety of species ranging from rodents to non-human primates. Given the importance of histones and chromatin in modulating gene expression within the host cell, it is not surprising that Ad, a nuclear virus, also utilizes these proteins to protect the genome and modulate virus- or vector‑encoded genes. In this review, we will discuss our current understanding of the contribution of chromatin to Ad vector function.
La divinité et l'homme chez Théognis
Authors: Garzya Antonio
Published: June 2013

Étude de la nomenclature du sacré, de la relation entre les hommes et les dieux chez Théognis, notamment des diverses formes de la prière depuis l'invocation confiante en passant par la prière ironique jusqu'à la prière contestataire. Dans l'itinéraire qui mène de l'omniprésence du sacré à une vue laïcisée et raisonnée de ce monde, Théognis occupe une place à lui, qui n'est pas de premier rang, mais qui n'est pas insignifiante. Ce grand conservateur, à la fois pessimiste et sans préjugés, sceptique et clairvoyant, nous a laissé une leçon de hardiesse intellectuelle.
Perspectives critiques sur la participation dans le monde du travail : éléments de repérage et de discussion
Authors: Béroud Sophie
Published: June 2013

La notion de participation dans le monde du travail renvoie à une pluralité de sources intellectuelles et fait l’objet d’usages très différenciés par les acteurs. Il s’agit d’une notion polémique qui recouvre aussi bien l’enjeu, du côté patronal, de mobiliser au maximum la force de travail que l’exigence, du côté des salariés, de démocratiser l’entreprise, d’y étendre la citoyenneté. La reconnaissance de la spécificité du rapport salarial, de l’inégalité structurelle qui le caractérise, est passée par l’instauration progressive d’institutions représentatives des salariés. Cette construction institutionnelle a placé les syndicats au centre des logiques de représentation, ouvrant la voie à un processus de professionnalisation. D’autres formes de participation directe ont pu émerger, notamment dans le cadre de luttes, parfois en contradiction avec les syndicats, parfois de façon articulée avec l’action déployée dans les institutions représentatives du personnel. Cet article revient sur ces différents enjeux en insistant sur les ambiguïtés d’un raisonnement analogique entre démocratie politique et démocratie sociale, l’introduction d’instruments et de dispositifs empruntés à la première (le vote, le référendum, etc.) n’épuisant pas les contradictions de la seconde.
De Taylor au néo-management : quelle participation des salariés ?
Authors: Bevort Antoine
Published: June 2013

De Taylor au néo-management, on peut distinguer quatre grandes approches patronales, successivement industrielle, managériale, démocratique et enfin financière, dans la façon de penser et gérer la participation des salariés dans l’entreprise. Chaque mode de gestion exprime une appréhension particulière du travail et de la mobilisation des salariés. La généalogie de l’injonction patronale à la participation met en évidence comment la marchandisation-subordination du travail ne cesse de se heurter à une part irréductible d’autonomie que les salariés conservent de façon à la fois nécessaire (à la production) et revendiquée.
Quand les logiques du privé investissent le secteur public : déstabilisation des collectifs et reflux de la participation
Authors: Fortino Sabine
Published: June 2013

L’article analyse l’impact de l’introduction de pratiques de gestion inspirées du New Public Management sur le rapport au travail des agents publics et sur les collectifs autonomes de salariés dans ce secteur. En étudiant tour à tour les nouvelles prescriptions professionnelles ainsi que les dispositifs de gestion qui individualisent les salariés et cassent les logiques de métier, il s’agit de montrer la vulnérabilisation croissante d’un groupe professionnel dont les capacités de résistance et d’action (individuelles et collectives) sont progressivement défaites. Aussi, l’article défend la thèse du rôle central joué par la définition du travail, de son sens et de ses finalités, sur les difficultés contemporaines de la participation des salariés.
La démocratie a-t-elle encore une dimension épistémique ? Recherche empirique et théorie normative (2)
Authors: Habermas Jürgen , Aubert Isabelle , Genel Katia
Published: June 2013

Après avoir comparé le modèle délibératif de la démocratie aux modèles libéral et républicain, j’envisage les possibles renvois à la recherche empirique, puis j’examine les preuves empiriques qui peuvent soutenir l’hypothèse selon laquelle la délibération politique développe un potentiel de recherche de la vérité. Les parties principales du texte servent à lever les doutes que l’on peut avoir de prime abord concernant le contenu empirique et l’applicabilité du modèle communicationnel de la politique délibérative (Introduction, sections I, II, III). Deux conditions critiques sont dégagées : une communication politique médiatisée dans l’espace public peut favoriser les processus de légitimation délibérative dans des sociétés complexes à condition premièrement qu’un système des médias autorégulé gagne son indépendance à l’égard de l’environnement social et deuxièmement que des publics anonymes garantissent un feed-back entre les discussions d’une élite informée et une société civile réactive (sections IV, V, VI, VII). [N. d. T. : La traduction de ce texte paraît dans deux numéros de Participations . L’introduction et les sections I, II, III ont été traduites dans le n? 2012-3 ; les sections IV, V, VI et VII le sont dans ce n? 2013-1].
L'exercice de la citoyenneté. Délibération, participation et éducation démocratiques
Authors: Vitiello Audric
Published: June 2013

La conception délibérative de la démocratie appelle une réforme des institutions politiques, mais aussi une redéfinition conceptuelle de la logique démocratique. En plaçant la formation au cœur de la pratique civique, la délibération entraîne les opinions et les subjectivités sur la pente dynamique d’une citoyenneté processuelle. Cette interpénétration des logiques éducative et politique ne va pas sans difficultés : d’abord, les effets de la délibération ne sont pas univoques, mais dépendent de l’interaction de dispositifs et de publics toujours singuliers ; ensuite, la participation démocratique paraît animée d’une logique complexe, pratico-poiétique, suivant un schéma dialectique où d’une hétéronomie formatrice doit émerger l’autonomie civique. D’où une imperfection essentielle aux dispositifs délibératifs, qui constituent moins un nouveau modèle démocratique qu’une nouvelle façon de concevoir la démocratie : une réalisation expérimentale, toujours singulière, sans cesse perfectible.
Periosteal Tension Band Fixation of a Pronation External Rotation Type Fracture of the Ankle in a Child
Authors: Sankar Biju , Lee Noel Yongshen , Henman Philip David
Published: June 2013

Interposed soft tissues can block the anatomical reduction of displaced physeal fractures in children and may necessitate surgical removal. The authors describe a new technique in which they surgically freed the interposed distal-based periosteal flap in an irreducible Salter-Harris type II fracture in a 6-year-old boy and then used this flap in a tension band mode to stabilize the fracture. The thick periosteal flap was held under tension and was reattached to the tibial metaphysis using a 3.5-mm cortical screw and a multi-spiked soft tissue washer. The fracture healed satisfactorily, and the patient regained his ankle function and range of motion by 2 months. Periosteal tension band fixation achieves good skeletal stabilization and avoids more than 1 surgical incision.
Matija Majar Ziljski. Enlightener, politician, scholar
Authors: Vasiljevna Čurkina Iskra
Published: June 2013

Matija Majar Ziljski left a significant mark in different spheres of cultural, educational and political life. During the revolution of 1848–1849, he was an Slovenian ideologist and the first to publish his political program entitled United Slovenia. After the revolution, he gradually turned away from Pan-Slovenian affairs, the main reason for this being his idea about creation of Pan-Slavic literary language. His position on this matter strengthened after his trip to the Ethnographic Exhibition in Moscow in 1867 and his friendship with Russian Slavophiles.
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Matija Majar je bistveno zaznamoval različna področja kulturnega, vzgojnega in političnega življenja. Med revolucijo 1848–1849 je bil eden vodilnih slovenskih mislecev in prvi, ki je objavil politični program Zedinjena Slovenija. Po revoluciji se je postopoma preusmeril od vseslovenskih vprašanj v ustvarjanje panslovanskega/vseslovanskega jezika. Ta usmeritev se je še bolj okrepila po njegovem potovanju na Etnografsko razstavo v Moskvo leta 1867 in zaradi prijateljstev z ruskimi slavofili.
Bulgarian Folklore Studies and the Formation of National Identity and Culture. The Contribution of Georgi Sava Rakovski
Authors: Ganeva-Raycheva Valentina
Published: June 2013

This article presents the work of Georgi Sava Rakovski (1821–1867), one of the most outstanding, well-rounded, and interesting personalities of the Bulgarian Revival. It examines his ideas about the origin and specific character of the Bulgarian people and folklore as a resource for the beginnings of ethnic history. Special attention is dedicated to the role of this man of letters in the establishment of folklore studies in Bulgaria and his contribution to shaping standard Bulgarian and introducing comparative studies in Bulgaria.
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V članku je predstavljeno delo Georgija Save Rakovskega (1821–1867), ki velja za najbolj izjemno, celovito in zanimivo osebnost bolgarskega narodnega prebujenja. V članku so raziskane njegove zamisli o izviru in svojevrstnem značaju Bolgarov, folklora je predstavljena kot temelj narodne zgodovine. Posebna pozornost je namenjena vlogi pisatelja in znanstvenika pri oblikovanju bolgarske folkloristike in ustvarjanju bolgarskega knjižnega jezika ter uvajanju primerjalnih raziskav v Bolgariji.
Reliability-Centered Development of Deep Water ROV ROSUB 6000
Authors: Narayanaswamy Vedachalam , Raju Ramesh , Durairaj Muthukumaran , Ananthapadmanabhan Aarthi , Annamalai Subramanian , Ramadass Gidugu Ananada , Atmanand Malayath Aravindakshan
Published: June 2013

AbstractThis paper presents the reliability-centered development of a deep water Remotely Operable Vehicle (ROV) ROSUB 6000 by the National Institute of Ocean Technology (NIOT), India. ROV operations are required during deep water interventions, such as well head operations,
emergency response situations, bathymetric surveys, gas hydrate surveys, poly-metallic nodule exploration, and salvage operations. As per our requirements, the system needs to be capable of deep water operation for a period of 300 h/year and to be extremely reliable. Methodologies applied
during the development and enhancement phases of electrical and control systems, taking into consideration the cost, space, and time constraints to attain the best possible reliability are detailed. Reliability, availability, and maintainability (RAM) studies are carried out to identify possible
failure cases. It is found that ROV-Tether Management System (TMS) docking failure could be detrimental to the ROV system, and manipulator system failure could be detrimental to subsea operations. It has been calculated and found that the improved design has a mean time between failure (MTBF)
of 4.9 and 6.2 years for ROV-TMS docking and manipulator system operations, respectively. The importance of monitoring tether cable healthiness during normal and winding operations and the systems implemented for effectively monitoring and maintaining the tether cable operational and functional
healthiness, using the tether cable pay-out, vehicle heading, electric insulation, and optical performance sensors with the aid of a sea battery, are discussed. Maintenance decision support tables, which detail the operational personnel for the upkeep of the systems during the indicated interval
so that the highest possible reliability is maintained during the mission period, are also presented.
Microenvironments in Tuberculous Granulomas Are Delineated by Distinct Populations of Macrophage Subsets and Expression of Nitric Oxide Synthase and Arginase Isoforms
Authors: Mattila Joshua T. , Ojo Olabisi O. , Kepka-Lenhart Diane , Marino Simeone , Kim Jin Hee , Eum Seok Yong , Via Laura E. , Barry Clifton E. , Klein Edwin , Kirschner Denise E. , Morris Sidney M. , Lin Philana Ling , Flynn JoAnne L.
Published: June 2013

Macrophages in granulomas are both antimycobacterial effector and host cell for Mycobacterium tuberculosis, yet basic aspects of macrophage diversity and function within the complex structures of granulomas remain poorly understood. To address this, we examined myeloid cell phenotypes and expression of enzymes correlated with host defense in macaque and human granulomas. Macaque granulomas had upregulated inducible and endothelial NO synthase (iNOS and eNOS) and arginase (Arg1 and Arg2) expression and enzyme activity compared with nongranulomatous tissue. Immunohistochemical analysis indicated macrophages adjacent to uninvolved normal tissue were more likely to express CD163, whereas epithelioid macrophages in regions where bacteria reside strongly expressed CD11c, CD68, and HAM56. Calprotectin-positive neutrophils were abundant in regions adjacent to caseum. iNOS, eNOS, Arg1, and Arg2 proteins were identified in macrophages and localized similarly in granulomas across species, with greater eNOS expression and ratio of iNOS/Arg1 expression in epithelioid macrophages as compared with cells in the lymphocyte cuff. iNOS, Arg1, and Arg2 expression in neutrophils was also identified. The combination of phenotypic and functional markers support that macrophages with anti-inflammatory phenotypes localized to outer regions of granulomas, whereas the inner regions were more likely to contain macrophages with proinflammatory, presumably bactericidal, phenotypes. Together, these data support the concept that granulomas have organized microenvironments that balance antimicrobial anti-inflammatory responses to limit pathology in the lungs.
SARM Is Required for Neuronal Injury and Cytokine Production in Response to Central Nervous System Viral Infection
Authors: Hou Ying-Ju , Banerjee Rebecca , Thomas Bobby , Nathan Carl , García-Sastre Adolfo , Ding Aihao , Uccellini Melissa B.
Published: June 2013

Four of the five members of the Toll/IL-1R domain–containing adaptor family are required for signaling downstream of TLRs, promoting innate immune responses against different pathogens. However, the role of the fifth member of this family, sterile α and Toll/IL-1R domain–containing 1 (SARM), is unclear. SARM is expressed primarily in the CNS where it is required for axonal death. Studies in Caenorhabditis elegans have also shown a role for SARM in innate immunity. To clarify the role of mammalian SARM in innate immunity, we infected SARM−/− mice with a number of bacterial and viral pathogens. SARM−/− mice show normal responses to Listeria monocytogenes, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, and influenza virus, but show dramatic protection from death after CNS infection with vesicular stomatitis virus. Protection correlates with reduced CNS injury and cytokine production by nonhematopoietic cells, suggesting that SARM is a positive regulator of cytokine production. Neurons and microglia are the predominant source of cytokines in vivo, supporting a role for SARM as a link between neuronal injury and innate immunity.
Die kleur van vers en verf: Antjie Krog in gesprek met Marlene Dumas
Authors: Nel A.
Published: June 2013

The colours of poem and paint: Antjie Krog in conversation with Marlene Dumas Antjie Krog engages South African born painter Marlene Dumas in an intertextual dialogue in her most recent anthology Kleur kom nooit alleen nie. This series of poems is titled “skilderysonnette” (sonnets of a painting). Six of the nine of Krog’s “word paintings” are eponymous with Dumas’s paintings and therefore almost require an examination of the interplay of the respective texts. This article examines the relationship between the relevant poems and paintings. The specific conversation between Krog’s word texts and Dumas’s paintings within the context of Krog’s anthology ultimately indicates intriguing similarities. It includes, inter alia, the struggle of both artists with the problem of “belonging” – Krog from an African perspective and Dumas from a European angle. Both are also concerned with the politics of colour. The politics of sex also figures in both their oeuvres in the third instance. The complexity of sexuality, eroticism and love is examined in the work of both these artists and is ultimately expressed in the voice/vision of the emancipated woman.
The dialectical relationship between theory and practice in the design of an after-school mathematics club
Authors: Stott Debbie , Graven Mellony
Published: June 2013

In this article we describe the design process for an after-school Grade 3 mathematics club, based on our experiences running a pilot club in a 2011 research and development project. Working from a sociocultural perspective, we show the progression from an initial multifaceted design to a much simpler, more learner-centred design that speaks directly to our research foci and one which is based on empirical evidence. Our experiences have brought to light the entwined and dialectical nature of the data collection and design processes and the significance of the post-club reflection sessions as a powerful data collection instrument for planning the club sessions. Furthermore, we identify and shape the zone of proximal development for the purposes of our club as the critical design concept for each club session for each learner.
A Unified Gas-Kinetic Scheme for Continuum and Rarefied Flows III: Microflow Simulations
Authors: Huang Juan-Chen , Xu Kun , Yu Pubing
Published: June 2013

Due to the rapid advances in micro-electro-mechanical systems (MEMS), the study of microflows becomes increasingly important. Currently, the molecular-based simulation techniques are the most reliable methods for rarefied flow computation, even though these methods face statistical scattering problem in the low speed limit. With discretized particle velocity space, a unified gas-kinetic scheme (UGKS) for entire Knudsen number flow has been constructed recently for flow computation. Contrary to the particle-based direct simulation Monte Carlo (DSMC) method, the unified scheme is a partial differential equation-based modeling method, where the statistical noise is totally removed. But, the common point between the DSMC and UGKS is that both methods are constructed through direct modeling in the discretized space. Due to the multiscale modeling in the unified method, i.e., the update of both macroscopic flow variables and microscopic gas distribution function, the conventional constraint of time step being less than the particle collision time in many direct Boltzmann solvers is released here. The numerical tests show that the unified scheme is more efficient than the particle-based methods in the low speed rarefied flow computation. The main purpose of the current study is to validate the accuracy of the unified scheme in the capturing of non-equilibrium flow phenomena. In the continuum and free molecular limits, the gas distribution function used in the unified scheme for the flux evaluation at a cell interface goes to the corresponding Navier-Stokes and free molecular solutions. In the transition regime, the DSMC solution will be used for the validation of UGKS results. This study shows that the unified scheme is indeed a reliable and accurate flow solver for low speed non-equilibrium flows. It not only recovers the DSMC results whenever available, but also provides high resolution results in cases where the DSMC can hardly afford the computational cost. In thermal creep flow simulation, surprising solution, such as the gas flowing from hot to cold regions along the wall surface, is observed for the first time by the unified scheme, which is confirmed later through intensive DSMC computation.
New approach to monitor transboundary particulate pollution over northeast Asia
Authors: Park M. E. , Song C. H. , Park R. S. , Lee J. , Kim J. , Lee S. , Woo J.-H. , Carmichael G. R. , Eck T. F. , Holben B. N. , Lee S.-S. , Song C. K. , Hong Y. D.
Published: June 2013

Abstract. A new approach to more accurately monitor and evaluate transboundary particulate matter (PM) pollution is introduced based on aerosol optical products from Korea's geostationary ocean color imager (GOCI). The area studied is northeast Asia including eastern parts of China, the Korean peninsula and Japan, where GOCI has been monitoring since June 2010. The hourly multi-spectral aerosol optical data that were retrieved from GOCI sensor onboard geostationary satellite COMS (Communication, Ocean, and Meteorology Satellite) through Yonsei aerosol retrieval algorithm were first presented and used in this study. The GOCI-retrieved aerosol optical data are integrated with estimated aerosol distributions from US EPA Models-3/CMAQ v4.5.1 model simulations via data assimilation technique, thereby making the aerosol data spatially continuous and available even for cloud contamination cells. The assimilated aerosol optical data are utilized to provide quantitative estimates of transboundary PM pollution from China to the Korean peninsula and Japan. For the period of 1 April to 31 May 2011 this analysis yields estimates that AOD as a proxy for surface-level PM2.5 or PM10 during long-range transport events increased by 117–265% compared to background average AOD at the four AERONET sites in Korea, and average AOD increases of 121% were found when averaged over the entire Korean peninsula. The paper demonstrates that the use of multi-spectral AOD retrievals from geostationary satellites can improve estimates of transboundary PM pollution. Such data will become more widely available later this decade when new sensors such as GEMS (Geostationary Environment Monitoring Spectrometer) and GOCI-2 are scheduled to be launched.
Structure-activity relationship for the estimation of OH-oxidation rate constants of carbonyl compounds in the aqueous phase
Authors: Doussin J. F. , Monod A.
Published: June 2013

Abstract. In the atmosphere, one important class of reactions occurs in the aqueous phase in which organic compounds are known to undertake oxidation towards a number of radicals, among which OH radicals are the most reactive oxidants. In 2008, Monod and Doussin have proposed a new structure activity relationship (SAR) to calculate OH-oxidation rate constants in the aqueous phase. This estimation method is based on the group-additivity principle and was until now limited to alkanes, alcohols, acids, bases and related polyfunctional compounds. In this work, the initial SAR is extended to carbonyl compounds, including aldehydes, ketones, dicarbonyls, hydroxy-carbonyls, acidic carbonyls, their conjugated bases, and the hydrated form of all these compounds. To do so, only five descriptors have been added and none of the previously attributed descriptors were modified. This extension leads now to a SAR which is based on a database of 102 distinct compounds for which 252 experimental kinetic rate constants have been gathered and reviewed. The efficiency of this updated SAR is such that 58% of the rate constants could be calculated within ±20% of the experimental data and 76% within ±40%.
Global climatological variability of quasi-two-day waves revealed by TIMED/SABER observations
Authors: Huang Y. Y. , Zhang S. D. , Yi F. , Huang C. M. , Huang K. M. , Gan Q. , Gong Y.
Published: June 2013

Abstract. This paper presents characteristics of quasi-two-day waves (QTDWs) in the mesosphere and lower thermosphere (MLT) between 52° S and 52° N from 2002 to 2011 using TIMED/SABER temperature data. Spectral analysis suggests that dominant QTDW components at mid-high latitudes of the Southern Hemisphere (SH) and the Northern Hemisphere (NH) are (2.13, W3) and (2.04, W4), respectively. The most remarkable QTDW is (2.13, W3), which happened in the southern summer of 2002–2003 at 32° S from 60 to 90 km in altitude. Its downward phase propagation indicates upward propagation of the wave energy and a potential source region below 60 km. Analysis of horizontal wind fields in the same period shows the westward and southward propagation of (2.13, W3) and a possible reflection region above 90 km. Fundamental parameters of QTDWs present significant interhemispheric differences and interannual variations in statistical analysis. Amplitudes in the SH are twice larger than that in the NH, and vertical wavelengths are a little longer in the SH. QTDWs may endure stronger dissipation in southern summer because of shorter durations of their attenuation stages. Impact of the equatorial quasi-biennial-oscillation (QBO) on QTDWs can extend to mid-high latitudes of both hemispheres. It seems easier for QTDWs to propagate upward in the equatorial QBO's westerly phase in the lower stratosphere and easterly phase in the middle stratosphere. Interannual variations of QTDW strength may be influenced by solar activity as well. Strengths of QTDWs appear to be stronger (weaker) in the solar maximum (minimum).
Pressão arterial tem mesmo comportamento após duas sessões únicas de exercício aeróbio e resistido em hipertensos
Authors: Santos Rafaella Zulianello dos , Bündchen Daiana Cristine , Borgonovo-Santos Márcio , Blaziu Patricia Maccari , Benetti Magnus , Carvalho Tales De
Published: June 2013

Objetivo: Avaliar o comportamento da pressão arterial após duas sessões únicas de exercício aeróbio e resistido em circuito em hipertensos controlados por tratamento farmacológico. Métodos: Dez hipertensos (52,2±12 anos), com pressão arterial controlada por tratamento farmacológico, foram avaliados por meio da monitorização ambulatorial de pressão arterial (MAPA), após serem expostos aleatoriamente a três situações: dia controle sem exercício; sessão de exercício aeróbio e de exercício resistido. Resultados: A Anova one way para medidas repetidas (p
Desempenho funcional de jovens com paralisia cerebral: programa de orientação aos cuidadores
Authors: Martinez Juliana Perez , Souza Aline Bernardes de , Blascovi-Assis Silvana Maria
Published: June 2013

Introdução: A Paralisia Cerebral (PC) caracteriza-se por uma disfunção motora que pode acarretar lesões e comprometimentos variados nos indivíduos. Um programa de intervenção que estimule o desenvolvimento pode colaborar para melhorar o desempenho funcional e a participação nas atividades diárias desses sujeitos. Objetivos: Implementar um programa de intervenção destinado aos cuidadores para promoção do desempenho e independência funcional de jovens com PC abrigados e avaliar os resultados. Métodos: Participaram deste estudo dez residentes com PC e seus cuidadores. Avaliou-se o desempenho funcional antes e após o programa de intervenção com aplicação do Inventário de Avaliação Pediátrica de Incapacidade para verificação da eficácia do programa. Resultados: Os jovens aumentaram significativamente suas pontuações nas áreas de autocuidado (p=0,03 e σ=3,24) e função social (p=0,001 e σ=3,77), após aplicação do programa. Conclusão: Um programa de estimulação pode ser eficaz quando aplicado por cuidadores, sendo de grande relevância para a população com PC.
Stability-Indicating Methods for the Determination of Candesartan Cilexetil in Bulk Drug and Pharmaceutical Formulations
Authors: Issa Yousry M , Hussien Emad M , Ibrahim Magda M , Abdel-Gawad Fatma M , Barakat Saadia
Published: June 2013

Two stability-indicating methods were developed for the determination of candesartan cilexetil in the presence of its degradation products. The first method uses isocratic RP-HPLC with an Agilent C18 column. The mobile phase was phosphate buffer (pH = 2.8 ± 0.1)–acetonitrile (60 + 40, v/v). The flow rate was 2.0 mL/min, and the UV detection was at 254 nm. The second method depends on TLC-densitometric measurements of drug spots at 254 nm. The separation was carried out on silica gel 60 F254 plates using ethyl acetate–methanol–toluene– ammonia 33% (40 + 25 + 20 + 2, v/v/v/v) mobile phase. The methods were validated according to U.S. Pharmacopeia guidelines, and the acceptance criteria for accuracy, precision, linearity, specificity, robustness, LOD, LOQ, and system suitability were met in all cases. Linear ranges of the methods were 10.0–200.0 μg/mL and 1.0–9.0 μg/spot for HPLC and TLC, respectively. The proposed methods were successfully applied to the drug in bulk powder, in laboratory-prepared mixtures with its degradation products, and in commercially available tablets. The results were compared statistically at the 95% confidence level with each other. There were no significant differences between the mean recovery and precision of the two methods.
A New Approach to the Habit Determination of Nano-Objects by SEM
Authors: Maksimov K. S. , Maksimov S. K.
Published: June 2013

A novel approach to the inspection of nanoparticle habit was proposed in our previous papers. This approach is based on a joint analysis of two scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images corresponding to different convergences of illuminating electron beams. However, increasing convergence worsens an image as the result of spherical aberration. Therefore, for the first time in this paper we describe in detail a new approach which is an alternative to the method of two convergences. It is based on the use of two defocusings which are identical in size, but opposite in signs, thereby. simplifying the demands of SEM.
A Tale of Two Sisters
Authors: Lappin Terry R.J.
Published: June 2013

Dr. Terry R.J. Lappin, Concise Review Editor of both Stem Cells and Stem Cells Translational Medicine, describes the complementary relationship between the two journals and the types of articles that each journal publishes.
Viral genome structures are optimal for capsid assembly
Authors: Perlmutter Jason D , Qiao Cong , Hagan Michael F
Published: June 2013

Understanding how virus capsids assemble around their nucleic acid (NA) genomes could promote efforts to block viral propagation or to reengineer capsids for gene therapy applications. We develop a coarse-grained model of capsid proteins and NAs with which we investigate assembly dynamics and thermodynamics. In contrast to recent theoretical models, we find that capsids spontaneously ‘overcharge’; that is, the negative charge of the NA exceeds the positive charge on capsid. When applied to specific viruses, the optimal NA lengths closely correspond to the natural genome lengths. Calculations based on linear polyelectrolytes rather than base-paired NAs underpredict the optimal length, demonstrating the importance of NA structure to capsid assembly. These results suggest that electrostatics, excluded volume, and NA tertiary structure are sufficient to predict assembly thermodynamics and that the ability of viruses to selectively encapsidate their genomic NAs can be explained, at least in part, on a thermodynamic basis.
The Enhancement of Magnetic Damping in Fe4N Films with Increasing Thickness
Authors: Isogami Shinji , Tsunoda Masakiyo , Oogane Mikihiko , Sakuma Akimasa , Takahashi Migaku
Published: June 2013

The film thickness dependence of the magnetic damping coefficient (α) was investigated by measuring the ferromagnetic resonance (FMR) of Fe4N/NM (NM: Pt and Cu) bilayer films at room temperature. We observed that α in Fe4N/Pt films increased with increasing Fe4N film thickness. Moreover, the enhancement of α, which is represented by the difference in the α values of Fe4N/Pt and Fe4N/Cu films, also increased as the Fe4N film thickness increased. The behavior observed in the Fe4N system was the opposite of that observed for the conventional Ni–Fe system. We speculated two mechanisms occurring in Fe4N/Pt films, which are less magnetic and/or nonmagnetic impurities in the Fe4N films and enhancement of the coercive force (H
c) with increasing Fe4N film thickness.
Evaluation of Stacking Faults in Single-Crystalline 3C-SiC Films by Polarized Raman Spectroscopy
Authors: Uchimaru Tomonori , Ohmori Noriko , Abe Yoshihisa , Komiyama Jun
Published: June 2013

Thin films of 3C-SiC were grown by vapor phase epitaxy on 2-in. Si(100) substrates to a thickness of 6000 nm. The correlation between stacking faults and the full width at half maximum (FWHM) of transverse optical (TO) Raman lines was analyzed. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and micro-Raman spectroscopy were performed to measure stacking fault density and FWHM, respectively. Cross-sectional TEM images show that the high-defect-density region extends to 1500 nm above the film-substrate interface. FWHM decreased sharply with increasing distance from the interface to 4000 nm in 3C-SiC, and it gradually decreased beyond 4000 nm. The correlation between stacking fault density and FWHM was found to be nearly linear.
Relationship between Defects and Stochastic Effect in Chemically Amplified Resists Used for Extreme Ultraviolet Lithography
Authors: Kozawa Takahiro , Santillan Julius Joseph , Itani Toshiro
Published: June 2013

With the approach of the realization of extreme ultraviolet (EUV) lithography, practical issues such as the defects of resist patterns have attracted attention. In this study, the defects of line-and-space resist patterns were investigated from the viewpoint of the stochastic effects of chemical reactions. The stochastic effect was expressed using the standard deviation σ of the protected-unit concentration. To eliminate bridges within a 6.8 µm length in the line direction, a 1.5–2.0σ difference is required between the average protected-unit concentration and the dissolution point at the center of the space. To eliminate line breaks and severe pinching within a 6.1 µm length in the line direction, a 1.2–1.6σ difference is required between the average protected-unit concentration and the dissolution point at the center of the resist line pattern.
Group contribution lattice fluid equation of state for CO2–ionic liquid systems: An experimental and modeling study
Authors: Dai Chengna , Lei Zhigang , Wang Wei , Xiao Li , Chen Biaohua
Published: June 2013

The group contribution lattice fluid equation of state (GCLF EOS) was first extended to predict the thermodynamic properties for carbon dioxide (CO2)–ionic liquid (IL) systems. The group interaction parameters of CO2 with IL groups were obtained by means of correlating the exhaustively collected experimental solubility data at high temperatures (above 278.15 K). New group parameters between CO2 and IL groups were added into the current parameter matrix. It was verified that GCLF EOS with two kinds of mixing rules could be used for predicting the CO2 solubility in ILs, and volume expansivity of ILs upon the addition of CO2, as well as identifying the new structure–property relation. Moreover, it is the first work on the measurement of the solubility of CO2 in ILs at low temperatures (below 278.15 K), manifesting the applicability of predictive GCLF EOS over a wider temperature range. © 2013 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 59: 4399–4412, 2013
Reformulating multidimensional population balances for predicting crystal size and shape
Authors: Kuvadia Zubin B. , Doherty Michael F.
Published: June 2013

There is a growing interest in predicting and controlling the size and shape of crystalline particles. Multidimensional population balances have been developed to accomplish this task but they suffer from the drawback of needing rate laws for the absolute growth rate for every family of faces that may appear on the crystal surface. Such growth rates are known for only a handful of crystalline materials and prospects are bleak for extending the library of growth rate data. This raises the question of where the surface growth rates for all the families of faces will come from to drive multidimensional population balance engineering technology. One answer is “from first principles.” We reformulate multidimensional population balances in terms of relative growth rates and show how to create first principles mechanistic models to calculate these quantities for real molecular crystals as a function of supersaturation. © 2013 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 59: 3468–3474, 2013
Just‐in‐time rescue plerixafor in combination with chemotherapy and granulocyte‐colony stimulating factor for peripheral blood progenitor cell mobilization
Authors: Smith Veronica R. , Popat Uday , Ciurea Stefan , Nieto Yago , Anderlini Paolo , Rondon Gabriela , Alousi Amin , Qazilbash Muzaffar , Kebriaei Partow , Khouri Issa , de Lima Marcos , Champlin Richard , Hosing Chitra
Published: June 2013

Plerixafor, a recently approved peripheral blood progenitor cell mobilizing agent, is often added to granulocyte‐colony stimulating factor (G‐CSF) to mobilize peripheral blood progenitor cells in patients with lymphoma or myeloma who cannot mobilize enough CD34+ cells with G‐CSF alone to undergo autologous stem cell transplantation. However, data are lacking regarding the feasibility and efficacy of just‐in‐time plerixafor in combination with chemotherapy and G‐CSF. We reviewed the peripheral blood stem cell collection data of 38 consecutive patients with lymphoma (Hodgkin's and non‐Hodgkin's) and multiple myeloma who underwent chemomobilization and high‐dose G‐CSF and just‐in‐time plerixafor to evaluate the efficacy of this treatment combination. All patients with multiple myeloma and all but one patient with lymphoma collected the minimum required number of CD34+ cells to proceed with autologous stem cell transplantation (>2 × 106/kg of body weight). The median CD34+ cell dose collected in patients with non‐Hodgkin lymphoma was 4.93 × 106/kg of body weight. The median CD34+ cell dose collected for patients with multiple myeloma was 8.81 × 106/kg of body weight. Plerixafor was well tolerated; no grade 2 or higher non‐hematologic toxic effects were observed. Am. J. Hematol. 88:754–757, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The shape of the placental surface at birth and colorectal cancer in later life
Authors: Barker David J. P. , Osmond Clive , Thornburg Kent L. , Kajantie Eero , Eriksson Johan G.
Published: June 2013

Objectives

Many chronic diseases, including certain cancers, may originate through variations in the supply of nutrients to the fetus. These variations change gene expression and permanently set the structure and function of the body, a process known as programming. Fetal nutrition depends on the mother's metabolism and nutritional reserves, and on the placenta's ability to transfer nutrients from mother to baby. In this study, we examine how colorectal cancer is related to maternal and placental characteristics.

Methods

We ascertained 275 cases of colorectal cancer among the 20,431 people in the Helsinki Birth Cohort, who were born during 1924–1944 and whose body size at birth was recorded, together with the shape and size of the placenta.

Results

Hazard ratios for colorectal cancer increased as the placental surface became longer and more oval. The hazard ratio was 2.3 (95% CI 1.2–4.7) among people in whom the difference between the length and breadth of the surface exceeded 6 cm, compared with those in whom there was no difference. Colorectal cancer was unrelated to other placental measurements or to body size at birth.

Conclusion

An oval placental surface at birth is associated with later colorectal cancer. The shape of the placental surface is determined by events at around 8–12 weeks gestation. We speculate that, if the spiral arteries open prematurely, the surface becomes more oval and the fetus is at risk of oxidative damage at a time when the colon is differentiating. Am. J. Hum. Biol. 25:566–568, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.