bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
DREAMM-11, Part 2: Japanese phase I trial of belantamab mafodotin combination therapies in relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma
Authors: Sunami Kazutaka , Iida Shinsuke , Tsukada Nobuhiro , Fujii Taku , Kato Hitomi , Fukushima Ryuichi , Wakabayashi Satoshi , Nakano Hirofumi , Roy-Ghanta Sumita , Kremer Brandon E.
Published: December 2024

DREAMM-11 (NCT03828292) was a Phase 1, open-label, dose-escalation study of belantamab mafodotin in Japanese patients with relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma (RRMM). In Part 1, belantamab mafodotin monotherapy (2.5 or 3.4 mg/kg every 3 weeks) was tolerated and demonstrated clinical activity and a manageable safety profile. Part 2 investigated the tolerability, safety, clinical activity and pharmacokinetics of belantamab mafodotin (2.5 mg/kg on Day [D]1 of each 21-day cycle) plus bortezomib and dexamethasone (Arm A; N = 3) or belantamab mafodotin (2.5 mg/kg on D1 of the first 28-day cycle; 1.9 mg/kg on D1 of subsequent cycles) plus pomalidomide and dexamethasone (Arm B; N = 4) in Japanese patients with RRMM and ≥ 1 prior line of therapy. No dose-limiting toxicities were reported in Arm A; 1 (non-serious liver injury) was reported in Arm B. Safety profiles of each treatment combination were consistent with those of the individual agents and those in Western populations. An overall response was achieved by 3/3 (100%) patients in Arm A and 2/4 (50%) in Arm B. Pharmacokinetics were consistent between Japanese and Western populations. The clinical pharmacokinetics, safety, and efficacy data from this study can inform future use of belantamab mafodotin plus bortezomib/pomalidomide and dexamethasone in Japanese patients with RRMM.
A review of the use of phosphonates in the management of Phytophthora nicotianae in citrus in South Africa
Authors: Theron Eloff , van Niekerk Jan , van der Waals Jacquie
Published: December 2024

Phytophthora species are important pathogens of citrus. They cause fibrous root rot, among other diseases, that lead to significant yield losses of economic importance. The management of Phytophthora diseases of citrus relies on chemicals of which phosphonates form an integral part. Phosphonates are unique in their complex, multipronged mode of action that remains poorly understood. Due to this attribute, they are considered to be at low risk of resistance development. Despite this, there have been recent reports of reduced phosphonate sensitivity in various Phytophthora species including those of relevance to citrus. Therefore, resistance management strategies guided by evolutionary principles should be strictly adhered to, to avoid the selection of resistant strains and a concomitant population shift in sensitivity. Knowledge of fitness costs associated with reduced phosphonate sensitivity in Phytophthora is lacking. Therefore, the aim of this review was to compile the available information on phosphonates and their current efficacy against Phytophthora diseases of citrus in South Africa. Resistance management strategies guided by evolutionary principles and the relevance of fitness costs were also investigated.
A remark on a theorem of Narasimhan and Ramanan
Authors: Pine Jagadish
Published: December 2024

In this short note, we provide an alternative proof of a notable theorem by Narasimhan and Ramanan. The theorem states that the moduli space of S-equivalence classes of semistable rank 2 vector bundles over a curve X of genus 2 with trivial determinant is isomorphic to $$\mathbb {P}^3$$

P

3

. Our proof relies on a criterion by Bauer and Szemberg, which characterizes projective spaces among smooth Fano varieties using Seshadri constants.
Investigation of Superconducting Gap of High-Entropy Telluride AgInSnPbBiTe5
Authors: Seshita Asato , Okabe Hirotaka , Riad Kasem Md. , Watanabe Yuto , Nakamura Jumpei G. , Nishimura Shoichiro , Terashima Kensei , Matsumoto Ryo , Takano Yoshihiko , Yamashita Aichi , Fujita Masaki , Mizuguchi Yoshikazu
Published: December 2024

We performed transverse-field muon spin relaxation/rotation (TF-μSR) on a high-entropy-type (HE-type) superconductor AgInSnPbBiTe5. The emergence of bulk superconducting states was confirmed from magnetic susceptibility, specific heat, and μSR. The superconducting gap 2Δ(0) estimated from μSR was clearly larger than that expected from conventional weak-coupling phonon-mediated model, suggesting the strong-coupling nature of superconductivity. In addition, a long penetration depth of 3.21(7) μm was obtained. The strong-coupling nature of superconductivity and the long penetration depth are similar to the trends observed in the other HE-type superconductors (HE alloys and transition-metal zirconides), which may be universal feature of HE-type superconductors.
An overview of the numerical modeling, simulation, and optimization methods: toward the design of highly efficient planer perovskite solar cells
Authors: Aliaghayee Mehdi
Published: December 2024

Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have recently become one of the most encouraging thin-film photovoltaic (PV) technologies due to their superb characteristics, such as low-cost and high power conversion efficiency (PCE) and low photon energy lost during the light conversion to electricity. In particular, the planer PSCs have attracted increasing research attention thanks to their advantages, like hysteresis elimination, large-scale production processability, and having a certified PCE of over 26%. However, there are still some challenges to the development of these cells. To optimize and improve the performance of PSCs, the simulation analysis is as essential as the experimental study. This review intensively describes and discusses the numerical modeling, simulation, and optimization methods of direct n–i–p planer PSCs. This paper classifies the reviewed works based on which PSC’s layers are engineered and provides specific comments for each study. In addition, this study reviews other types of planer PSCs, including inverted p–i–n structures and charge transport layer-free configurations. Finally, with a critical outlook on the currently existing challenges and possible development opportunities, helpful research guidelines are proposed for further improvements.
Evaluation of newly transplanted blackberry tolerance to a selection of preemergence herbicides
Authors: Knepp Kayla , Bertucci Matthew B. , Cato Aaron J. , McWhirt Amanda L. , Burgos Nilda R.
Published: December 2024

This trial assessed the effect of preemergence herbicides on newly transplanted blackberries. A 2-yr field trial was initiated in 2021 and conducted at two locations in Fayetteville and Clarksville, AR. Seven treatments consisted of six preemergence herbicides (flumioxazin, mesotrione, napropamide, oryzalin, pendimethalin, and S-metolachlor) and one nontreated check. Preemergence herbicide treatments were applied to field plots of newly transplanted blackberry plugs (‘Ouachita’), using a CO2 backpack sprayer at 187 L ha−1 covering a 1-m swath, ensuring spray pattern overlap over newly planted blackberries in 2021 and reapplied in the same manner to established blackberries of the same plots in 2022. Data were collected on crop injury and plant height of blackberry plants in each plot. Yield data were collected in the second year, and fruit were analyzed for soluble solids content, pH, and average berry weight. In the first year, mesotrione and flumioxazin treatments caused injury to newly transplanted blackberries, and mesotrione-treated blackberries (58% in Fayetteville, 29% in Clarksville) did not fully recover by 84 d after treatment (DAT). Napropamide, S-metolachlor, oryzalin, and pendimethalin did not cause crop injury greater than 6% throughout the 2021 season. In the second year (2022), no crop injury was caused by any herbicide treatments. Results from these trials verify that flumioxazin, napropamide, oryzalin, and pendimethalin at the tested rates would be appropriate options for weed control in newly planted blackberries. These results corroborate regional recommendations against the use of mesotrione in first-year blackberry plantings. The findings from this trial indicate that S-metolachlor would be safe for registration for use on blackberries because of its limited effect on crop injury and blackberry yield.
Statement in Support of Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion for AGU GeoHealth Section
Authors: Ardon‐Dryer K. , Lo F. , Ovienmhada U.
Published: December 2024

This commentary presents the American Geophysical Union's GeoHealth section statement in support of diversity, equity, and inclusion (DEI). The GeoHealth section is an open community that represents diverse backgrounds in the geophysical, biological, and public health sciences that share a passion for research at the nexus of Earth and health sciences. The GeoHealth section will aim to advance our understanding of the interactions between the environment, human health, and well‐being while supporting DEI topics. The GeoHealth Section will ensure a strong and sustained focus on different DEI‐related issues by performing different activities presented in this commentary.
Increase Asymmetric Warming Rates Between Daytime and Nighttime Temperatures Over Global Land During Recent Decades
Authors: Liu Ge , Guo Yan , Xia Haoming , Liu Xingya , Song Hongquan , Yang Jia , Zhang Yuqing
Published: December 2024

Diurnal asymmetric warming, a critical feature of climate change, significantly impacts water‐carbon exchange in terrestrial ecosystems. This study analyzes the spatiotemporal characteristics and long‐term trends of the global diurnal temperature range (DTR) from 1961 to 2022 using ensemble empirical mode decomposition (EEMD). Our results reveal a trend reversal in global averaged DTR around 1988, shifting from a decrease to an increase, affecting 47% of global land areas. Subsequent to the reversal, the most pronounced increases were observed in temperate regions. Seasonal analysis shows earlier reversals in spring and summer, with accelerated change rates following the reversal. Additionally, increased surface solar radiation from reduced cloud cover caused daily maximum (Tmax) temperatures to warm faster than the minimum (Tmin), leading to a reversal and intensified DTR. These complex patterns underscore the need for targeted climate policies and adaptation strategies to tackle global warming.
Adhesion of Silicate Impact Melts on Impact Glasses of Chang'e‐5 Regolith
Authors: Yan Pan , Xiao Zhiyong , Wu Yanxue , Wu Yunhua , Xiong Mingchao , Pan Qing
Published: December 2024

Microscopic silicate melts are ubiquitous on surfaces of lunar regolith particles, and they record physicochemical processes of regolith reworking on the Moon. Similar microstructures are visible on surfaces of the Chang'e‐5 lunar impact glass particles, which are predominantly sourced from local mare deposits. Therefore, the microscopic silicate melts provide an invaluable opportunity to study the movements, provenances, and chemical alterations of substances involved in regolith reworking. However, the small lateral sizes and thicknesses of the surface silicate melts are a challenge for quantifying their internal structures and geochemical compositions, hampering interpretations of their origin. Here we report structural and geochemical characteristics for microscopic silicate pancakes, domes and foams on surfaces of Chang'e‐5 impact glass particles. Based on the contact and compositional differences between the surface microscopic silicate melts and their host glass, we reveal that these microstructures are consistent with being formed during impact bombardment in regolith via adhesion of impact melts to earlier‐existing glasses. Most of the microscopic silicate melts have minor compositional differences with the host glass. Our mixing calculations for compositions of impact melt formed from various proportions of local regolith minerals at the landing site reveal a dominant precursor from the local mare deposits. Few portions of the microscopic silicate melts have exotic compositions that are different from the local regolith materials, confirming that ejecta from the other geochemical terrains is minor at the landing site. Our results show that regolith formation and reworking at the Chang'e‐5 sampling site mainly involved local mare deposits.
Presence and Position of Sand Ridges on the Shelf Strongly Impact Decadal Evolution of Adjacent Shorelines: A Model Study
Authors: Nnafie A. , de Swart H. E. , Boersma J. M. , Verwaest T. , Falqués A. , Calvete D.
Published: December 2024

Several field and model studies indicate that the decadal evolution of shorelines is affected by the presence of shoreface‐connected sand ridges (sfcr) and tidal sand ridges (tsr) on the shelf. This study uses a coupled shelf‐nearshore numerical model to quantify the joint impact of tsr and sfcr on decadal shoreline evolution. Additionally, it examines the dependence of this evolution on cross‐shore and longshore displacements of the sfcr, thereby mimicking the observed cross‐shore and longshore migrations of sfcr on the shelf. Model results indicate shoreline progradation near the crests of the sfcr and retreat near the channels between the ridges and the coast, consistent with observations. Compared to sfcr, the impact of tsr on nearshore dynamics is smaller yet significant. When the sfcr are positioned closer to the shore, shoreline progradation and retreat become stronger. These shoreline undulations have amplitudes that strongly increase as sfcr approach the shoreline, and the undulations shift alongshore with the alongshore shift of the sfcr. Based on these results, it is anticipated that the observed onshore and alongshore migration of sfcr on the shelf will enhance shoreline retreat near the channels and progradation near sfcr crests, with these shoreline changes migrating alongshore with the ridges.
Long‐Term Tectono‐Stratigraphic Evolution of a Propagating Rift System, L’Aquila Intermontane Basin (Central Apennines)
Authors: Arriga Giorgio , Marchegiano Marta , Peral Marion , Hu Hsun‐Ming , Cosentino Domenico , Shen Chuan‐Chou , Dalton Hayden , Brilli Mauro , Aldega Luca , Claeys Philippe , Rossetti Federico
Published: December 2024

Understanding the long‐term tectono‐stratigraphic evolution of active extensional faulting is crucial for unraveling the mode through which continental rifting propagates in space and time. The Pliocene‐Quaternary L’Aquila Intermontane Basin (AIB) in central Apennines offers a natural laboratory for studying a propagating continental rift. Seismicity is related to NW‐SE‐striking normal faults that have been accommodating crustal stretching since the Late Pliocene. Through a multidisciplinary approach integrating field, mineralogical, geochemical (C‐O stable and clumped isotopes) and geochronological (40Ar/39Ar, U‐Th) analyses, this study focuses on the structural connection between the Mount Pettino Fault (MPF) and the Paganica Fault, two active, left‐stepped basin boundary faults of the AIB. A two‐stage tectono‐stratigraphic evolution is proposed during transition from localized to delocalized deformation and fault linkage. Stage‐1 (pre‐Middle Pleistocene) corresponds to nucleation and growth of the MPF, characterized by a ∼5 m thick exhumed fault core, consisting of an isotopically closed cataclasite (T (∆47) ∼33–50°C). Stage‐2 corresponds to the development of a distributed zone of NW‐SE and E‐W extensional faulting in the overlay zone with the Paganica Fault, which is interpreted as a transfer zone linking the basin boundary faults, with maximum long‐term slip rates comparable to those of the connected faults. Structurally controlled circulation of meteoric fluids promoted carbonate veining and travertine formation (T (∆47) ∼8°C). U‐Th carbonate dating of Stage‐2 mineralizations constrains the tectonic activity in the transfer zone at least at ∼182–331 ka. Implications on the tectono‐stratigraphic evolution and on the seismotectonic scenario of the AIB are discussed, providing geodynamic inference at regional scale.
Safety and cognitive pharmacodynamics following dose escalations with 3-methylmethcathinone (3-MMC): a first in human, designer drug study
Authors: Ramaekers Johannes G. , Reckweg Johannes T. , Mason Natasha L. , Kuypers Kim P. C. , Toennes Stefan W. , Theunissen Eef L.
Published: December 2024

3-Methylmethcathinone (3-MMC) is a designer drug that belongs to the group of synthetic cathinones. The compound has been scheduled in many jurisdictions because of public health concerns associated with excessive use. To date, there are no clinical studies that have evaluated the risk profile of 3-MMC in the recreational range of low to moderate doses. The current, first-in-human study (N = 14) assessed the impact of three escalating doses of 3-MMC (25, 50 and 100 mg) on vital signs, neurocognitive function, state of consciousness, appetite and drug desire, in a cross-over, placebo-controlled trial. A battery of neurocognitive tests and questionnaires as well as measures of vital signs were repeatedly administered up to 5 h after dosing. Overall, 3-MMC caused dose-dependent increases in heart rate and blood pressure, though not of clinical significance, and feelings of subjective high. Additionally, 3-MMC induced dose-related enhancement of task performance across several neurocognitive domains, including processing speed, cognitive flexibility, psychomotor function, attention and memory. Impulse control was not affected by 3-MMC. Participants also reported mild increases in dissociative and psychedelic effects, decreased appetite, and gave greater ratings of liking and wanting for 3-MMC that were transient over time. Overall, the cardiovascular, psychostimulant and psychotomimetic profile of 3-MMC appears consistent with that of compounds structurally related to amphetamine. It is concluded that low to moderate doses of 3-MMC were well tolerated and safe and that potential health risks might only occur at high or excessive doses of 3-MMC.
2-year results from an observational study of proactive treatment regimens with intravitreal aflibercept 2 mg in patients with nAMD in clinical practice: XTEND study UK cohort
Authors: Bailey Clare , Chandran Manju , Gale Richard , Narendran Nirodhini , Talks James , McGoey Hellen , Keshk Zinab , Morgan-Warren Peter , Allmeier Helmut , Machewitz Tobias , Patel Praveen J. , Varma Deepali
Published: December 2024

Objectives

The 36-month XTEND (NCT03939767) multicentre, observational, prospective study examined the effectiveness of proactive treatment regimens of intravitreal aflibercept (IVT-AFL) 2 mg in treatment-naïve patients with neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD) in routine clinical practice. The 12- and 24-month outcomes from the XTEND UK cohort are reported.

Methods

Patients aged ≥50 years with nAMD planned to receive IVT-AFL 2 mg were eligible. After three initial monthly IVT-AFL injections, treatment intervals could be extended in 2- to 4-weekly increments to a maximum of 16 weeks (8-week minimum treatment interval). Endpoints included mean change from baseline in best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and central subfield thickness (CST) at month (M) 12 and M24. Treatment intervals and safety were assessed. Statistics were descriptive.

Results

In the UK, 496 patients from 23 centres were treated (mean age 79.7 years, 64.3% female). From a baseline BCVA (mean ± SD) of 55.2 ± 15.8 letters, mean (95% confidence interval [CI]) change in BCVA was +3.4 (2.0, 4.9) letters at M12 and +1.3 (− 0.3, 2.9) letters at M24. From a baseline CST (mean ± SD) of 395 ± 143 μm, mean (95% CI) change in CST was −105 ( 121, −89) μm at M12 and −105 (− 122, −88) μm at M24. By M12 and M24, patients had received a mean ± SD of 7.4 ± 2.4 and 10.7 ± 4.6 injections, respectively. Outcomes in patients enrolled prior to and during the COVID-19 pandemic were comparable. No new safety concerns were identified.

Conclusions

Despite the COVID-19 pandemic, patients in the UK achieved and maintained clinically meaningful improvements in functional and anatomic outcomes through M24.

Trial registration

ClinicalTrials.gov identifier, NCT03939767.
4-Hydroxychalcone attenuates AngII-induced cardiac remodeling and dysfunction via regulating PI3K/AKT pathway
Authors: Han Xiao , Zhu Qian-Qiu , Li Zhi , He Jia-Kang , Sun Yan , Zhong Qing-Hua , Tang Sheng-Xing , Zhang Yun-Long
Published: December 2024

Cardiac remodeling encompasses structural alterations such as hypertrophy, fibrosis, and dilatation, alongside numerous cellular and molecular functional aberrations, constituting a pivotal process in the advancement of heart failure (HF). 4-Hydroxychalcone (4-HCH) is a class of naturally occurring compounds with variable phenolic structures, and has demonstrated the preventive efficacy in hyperaldosteronism, inflammation and renal injury. However, the role of 4-HCH in the regulation of cardiac remodeling remains uncertain. A cardiac remodeling model was established in male C57BL/6 J mice via subcutaneous Ang II (1000 or 300 ng/kg/min) for 2 weeks. Mice were treated with 4-HCH (20 or 40 mg/kg/day) or vehicle control. Systolic blood pressure (SBP) was measured using a tail-cuff method, and echocardiography assessed cardiac function. Histopathological staining evaluated cardiomyocyte hypertrophy, fibrosis, inflammation, and superoxide production. Network pharmacology analysis identified potential core targets and pathways mediating the effects of 4-HCH. Expression of inflammatory cytokines and proteins related to hypertrophy, fibrosis, inflammation, and oxidative stress was assessed by quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) and Western blotting. Our results indicated that 4-HCH significantly ameliorated Ang II-induced hypertension, cardiomyocyte hypertrophy, fibroblast activation, fibrosis, inflammation, superoxide production, and cardiac function. Network pharmacology analysis identified the PI3K-AKT pathway as a crucial mechanism underlying the effects of 4-HCH, with experimental verification demonstrating that it inhibits cardiac remodeling by downregulating this pathway and its downstream effectors, including mTOR/ERK, TGF-β/Smad2/3, NF-κB, and NOX1 independent of its blood pressure-lowering effects. These results reveal for the first time that 4-HCH alleviates cardiac remodeling, emphasizing its potential as a therapeutic agent for HF.
Robustness assessment of Muscat coastal highway network (CHN) under multi-hazard scenarios focusing on traffic stability and adaptation measures
Authors: Ansari Abdullah , El-Hussain Issa , Al Shijbi Yousuf , Mandhaniya Pranjal , Alluqmani Ayed E. , Al-Jabri Khalifa
Published: December 2024

This study critically examines the reliability and resilience of the Muscat coastal highway network (CHN) under the compounded effects of earthquakes and floods, representing interacting multi-hazard scenarios. The analysis utilized fragility functions for both earthquake-induced and flood-induced landslides, integrating these with traffic data for selected highway links to estimate bridge damage and assess CHN functionality in post-hazard conditions. Economic sensitivity analysis revealed a significant increase in costs due to flood-induced landslides, emphasizing the impact of dominant intensity measures on network costs and traffic flow. The analysis categorized Muscat areas into low, moderate, and high resilience based on hazard susceptibility and infrastructure quality, revealing that over 50% of highway links require retrofitting, highlighting the need for enhanced flood management and infrastructure improvements. The resilience assessment highlighted the necessity for targeted retrofitting to mitigate damage and reduce economic losses, particularly for highway links with bridges of high failure probabilities that face prolonged recovery times. The results provide valuable insights for designers, consultants, policymakers, and decision-makers in developing effective post-hazard mitigation strategies for Muscat and similar coastal cities.
Building a modular and multi-cellular virtual twin of the synovial joint in Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Zerrouk Naouel , Augé Franck , Niarakis Anna
Published: December 2024

Rheumatoid arthritis is a complex disease marked by joint pain, stiffness, swelling, and chronic synovitis, arising from the dysregulated interaction between synoviocytes and immune cells. Its unclear etiology makes finding a cure challenging. The concept of digital twins, used in engineering, can be applied to healthcare to improve diagnosis and treatment for complex diseases like rheumatoid arthritis. In this work, we pave the path towards a digital twin of the arthritic joint by building a large, modular biochemical reaction map of intra- and intercellular interactions. This network, featuring over 1000 biomolecules, is then converted to one of the largest executable Boolean models for biological systems to date. Validated through existing knowledge and gene expression data, our model is used to explore current treatments and identify new therapeutic targets for rheumatoid arthritis.
Manganese electrode for all-solid-state fluoride batteries
Authors: Inoishi Atsushi , Setoguchi Naoko , Motoyama Megumi , Okada Shigeto , Sakaebe Hikari
Published: December 2024

MnF3 was applied as an electrode material for all-solid-state fluoride batteries. The initial discharge capacity due to defluorination was 535 mA h g−1. Metallic Mn was also reversibly fluorinated and defluorinated as a starting material.
Bithiophene dicarboxylate as an efficient organic anode material for sodium-ion batteries
Authors: Yin Haoyu , Chen Jingfu , Tan Junhong , Zhong Cheng , Wu Fei , Zhu Linna
Published: December 2024

BT retains 99.1% capacity after 400 cycles at 0.2C and 90.1% capacity after 1500 cycles at 2C.
Navigating the transitional window for organic semiconductor single crystals towards practical integration: from materials, crystallization, and technologies to real-world applications
Authors: Wu Xianshuo , Zhu Xiaoting , Sun Lingjie , Zhang Shihan , Ren Yiwen , Wang Zhaofeng , Zhang Xiaotao , Yang Fangxu , Zhang Hao-Li , Hu Wenping
Published: December 2024

Four key aspects—materials, crystallization, technologies, and applications of OSSCs are timely tracked and emphasized in the review to bridge the gap toward practical integration.
Polarisation-dependent Raman enhancement in hexagonal boron nitride membranes
Authors: Rogoża Jakub , Binder Johannes , Voronin Kirill V. , Niehues Iris , Ludwiczak Katarzyna , Dąbrowska Aleksandra K. , Tokarczyk Mateusz , Bożek Rafał , Nikitin Alexey Y. , Hillenbrand Rainer , Stępniewski Roman , Wysmołek Andrzej
Published: December 2024

This work presents a polarisation and position-dependent Raman enhancement employing flat hexagonal boron nitride membranes as part of a microcavity.
Metformin-encapsulating immunoliposomes conjugated with anti-TROP 2 antibody fragments for the active targeting of triple-negative breast cancer
Authors: Vozgirdaite Daiva , Allard-Vannier Emilie , Velge-Roussel Florence , Douez Emmanuel , Jolivet Louis , Boursin Fanny , Chourpa Igor , Aubrey Nicolas , Hervé-Aubert Katel
Published: December 2024

This study is focused on metformin-encapsulating liposome functionalization with single-chain variable fragments to increase the delivery and therapeutic efficacy for Trophoblast Cell-Surface Antigen 2 overexpressing triple-negative breast cancers.
Valence-engineering modulation of MoS2 clusters for enhancing biocatalytic activity
Authors: Xue Xiaoyan , Guo Meili , Zhang Hao , Liu Qingshan , Li Xuyan , Sun Xin , Mu Xiaoyu , Zhang Xiao-Dong
Published: December 2024

We develop ultra-small and water-soluble MoS2 clusters with superior antioxidant activity and enzyme-like activity via valence-engineering modulation with Ce doping.
Quinazolinone nitriles and related metabolites from the deep-sea-derived fungus Penicillium viridicatum MCCC 3A00265
Authors: Zhang Meng , Wu Tai-Zong , Wang Jia-Jian , Yu Hao-Yu , Zhang Ji-Hong , Meng Da-Li , Yang Xian-Wen
Published: December 2024

New quinazolinone nitriles featuring an unusual nitrile group were isolated from the deep-sea-derived Penicillium viridicatum MCCC 3A00265, exhibiting potent activity in reactivating the mutant p53 protein.
Near-infrared luminescence AgPd alloy superatomic clusters
Authors: Ma Xiao-Hong , Qin Jian-Hua , Wang Fei-Fan , Luo Peng , Dong Xi-Yan
Published: December 2024

Superatomic alloy Ag14Pd clusters exhibit strong near-infrared luminescence in both solid and solution states, and for the first time, superatomic clusters have been used as inks for 3D printing various macroscopic models.
Fluoride binding in unlikely partners: the formation of anion–anion complexes with [M(EGTA)]− and [M(OBETA)]− (M = Gd3+, Y3+)
Authors: Risolo Lorenzo , Ricci Marco , Lalli Daniela , Platas-Iglesias Carlos , Botta Mauro
Published: December 2024

Fluoride binding to anionic rare-earth complexes with the formation of mono- and di-nuclear entities has been established by using a combination of high- and low-resolution NMR techniques and DFT calculations.
Building an In-rich interphase to stabilize lithium metal anodes with a solid-like electrolyte
Authors: Li Jiashuai , Li Dongze , Li Qiufen , Bai Mengxi , Wang Xiang , Lin Xiaoyan , Shao Siyuan , Wang Ziqi
Published: December 2024

A MOF-based solid-like electrolyte is proposed, which facilitates the formation of an indium-rich interphase on lithium metal anodes, thereby enhancing their reversibility and electrochemical kinetics.
Cobalt-catalyzed regioselective diazidation of 1-aryl-1,3-dienes enabled by a single electron transfer/radical addition/group transfer relay process
Authors: Zhu Chi-Fan , Mai Jun-Ju , Li Xiao-Jing , Shi Mingyuan , Dong Xiasen , Fu Huinan , Shen Mei-Hua , Xu Hua-Dong
Published: December 2024

A novel cobalt-catalyzed 1,2-diazidation of 1-aryl-1,3-dienes by using TMSN3 as an azide source has been reported.
Novel enantiopure δ-thiolactones: synthesis, structural characterization, and reactivity studies
Authors: Rodríguez Saravia Magdalena , Martínez Verónica , Vairoletti Franco , Macías Mario , Davyt Danilo , Hernández Dossi Gonzalo , Mahler Graciela
Published: December 2024

A series of chiral δ-thiolactones were prepared and structurally assigned by combination of X-ray diffraction, NOESY NMR and GAIO DFT. Novel derivates were obtained by direct aminolysis using scavengers and thiol-thioester exchange.
Elucidating the effects of bromine substitution in asymmetric quinoxaline central core-based non-fullerene acceptors on molecular stacking and photovoltaic performances
Authors: Qiu Dingding , Zhang Liting , Zhang Hao , Tang Ailing , Zhang Jianqi , Wei Zhixiang , Lu Kun
Published: December 2024

Asymmetric central cores and substitution modification were implemented to adjust the interactions in non-fullerene acceptors. The bromine atom optimized molecular stacking and film morphology, leading to 19.65% efficiency binary organic solar cell.
Regulating the solvation structure and adsorption behavior in zinc anodes using polar organic molecules to achieve durable dendrite-free zinc metal anodes for aqueous zinc-ion batteries
Authors: Zhang Xiaoqin , Lang Haoran , Li Chao , Li Min , Xie Bin , Chen Ji , Chen Yuxiang , Huo Yu , Li Lin , Zheng Qiaoji , Tan Xin , Zhang Heng , Lin Dunmin
Published: December 2024

Cy molecules can form coordination complexes with Zn2+, thereby entering the solvated sheath of Zn2+. This minimizes the contact between the active molecules of H2O and the zinc metal anode, reducing hydrogen evolution potential.
Analysis of solar harvesting and refractive index sensing of multifunctional metamaterial perfect absorbers based on Ag discs and B4C–VC cube films
Authors: Jiang Jiaxing , Yi Yingting , Sun Tangyou , Song Qianju , Yi Zao , Tang Chaojun , Zeng Qingdong , Liu Zhimin , Wu Pinghui
Published: December 2024

This paper proposes a multifunctional metamaterial perfect absorber. The device can achieve perfect absorption of the ultra wideband and perfect absorption of three ultra-narrowbands.
A day in the life of scientist in R&D
Authors: Harper Tom
Published: December 2024

Tom Harper is a Scientist II at Thermo Fisher Scientific’s Protein Diagnostics Division (PDX). After completing his MSci in Biochemistry from the University of Birmingham, UK, he worked as a COVID-19 molecular diagnostics technician. He then joined The Binding Site where he worked on EXENT, the first mass spectrometry-based solution for diagnosing multiple myeloma. Following The Binding Site’s acquisition by Thermo Fisher Scientific, Tom is now involved with product design, regulatory submissions, proof of concept work and platform improvements.
Review of methodology and best practice of power system restoration plan
Authors: Fan Yiliang , Chen Nan , Zhao Yucong , Ding Xiaolin , Zhang Ray , Zhang Xiao‐Ping
Published: December 2024

With the increasing penetration of renewable energy and inverter‐based resource (IBR) generation, modern power systems are facing new challenges and issues in the system restoration process, such as the needs of fast response and adaptive protection and control during the restoration. This paper reviews the current restoration strategies of major countries and regions including European Union (EU) ENTSO‐E, North America (NA) Electric Reliability Corporation (NERC), China, Australia. Firstly, the Restoration Plan (RP) of all above countries and regions are briefly summarised. Then the RPs are compared and analysed from perspectives of (a) Activation conditions, (b) Restoration Stage Classification, and (c) Restoration time requirements. By introducing the detailed RPs of UK National Energy System Operator (NESO) and NA New York Independent System Operator (ISO) and PJM, the participants within the RPs are illustrated and compared for the roles of Generation and Interconnector, Transmission, Distribution, Load, System service provider etc. Through a real case study of the restoration process of the south Australian power system blackout, the system restoration procedure is analysed in detail, and the restoration stage classification proposed in this paper is shown. Finally, the challenges of the current RPs of major countries and regions are summarised, and potential solutions and future work are proposed.
Improved conditional diffusion model for image super‐resolution
Authors: Wang Rui , Zhou Ningning
Published: December 2024

Diffusion models have achieved remarkable success in image super‐resolution by addressing issues such as transition smoothing, insufficient high‐frequency information, and training instability encountered in regression‐based and GAN‐based models. However, challenges persist when applying diffusion models to image super‐resolution, including randomness, inadequate conditional information, high computational costs, and network architecture complexities. In this article, the authors introduce a diffusion model based on Mean‐Reverting Stochastic Differential Equations (SDE), and propose the use of ENAFBlocks instead of traditional ResBlocks to enhance model performance in noise prediction. The Mean‐Reverting SDE effectively mitigates the randomness of the diffusion model by leveraging low‐resolution images as means. Additionally, an LR Encoder is introduced to capture hidden information from LR images, providing a more robust condition for stable result generation by the noise predictor. To efficiently handle high‐resolution images within limited GPU memory, the method employs adaptive aggregate sampling, which merges overlapping regions smoothly using weighted averaging. Furthermore, color variations are addressed during diffusion model sampling through color correction. Extensive experiments on CelebA, DIV2K, and Urban100 demonstrate that the method outperforms state‐of‐the‐art diffusion models like IDM, with a PSNR improvement of 0.22 dB, FID reduction of 2.35, and LPIPS reduction of 0.05 on the DIV2K dataset, along with a reduced parameter count and faster inference time.
The mechanism of arsenic trioxide and microwave ablation in the treatment of oral squamous cell carcinoma based on high throughput sequencing
Authors: Zhang Xuesong , Liu Yakun , He Shengteng , Bi Liangjia , Liu Bing
Published: December 2024

Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is a common head and neck malignant tumour with high incidence and poor prognosis. Arsenic trioxide (ATO) has therapeutic effects on solid tumours. Microwave ablation (MWA) has unique advantages in the treatment of solid tumours. However, the therapeutic mechanism of ATO and MWA, as well as their combined effect on OSCC were largely unelucidated. Cal‐27 cell‐bearing nude mice were treated with ATO and/or MWA, respectively. RNA sequencing was used to obtain gene expression profiles in tumour tissues of mice treated by ATO or MWA. RNA sequencing results were verified by real‐time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The lncRNA‐miRNA‐mRNA co‐expression network was constructed based on the competitive endogenous RNA (ceRNA) theory. Gene ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analyses were performed using differentially expressed genes. The combined effect of ATO and MWA on OSCC was evaluated. Finally, CCK‐8 assay, EdU assay and transwell migration assay were performed to detect the effect of HSPA6 on the proliferation and migration of OSCC cells. The reduced volume of tumour tissues was observed in both ATO‐ and MWA‐treated groups. 37.8% decreased in the ATO group and 35.0% in the MWA group. A total of 207 and 539 differentially expressed mRNAs and lncRNAs were identified in the ATO group. And a total of 200 and 522 differentially expressed mRNAs and lncRNAs in the MWA group were identified. The expression levels of 8 genes were verified by real‐time PCR. The differentially expressed genes were closely related to “chemical carcinogenesis”, “herpes simplex infection”, “porphyrin and chlorophyll metabolism”, and “MAPK signalling pathway”. The lncRNA‐miRNA‐mRNA co‐expression networks were constructed. The combined treatment with ATO and MWA showed a better inhibitive effect on OSCC than either of them. The synergistic effect of ATO and MWA was related to the upregulation of HSPA6. The downregulation of HSPA6 could promote the proliferation and migration of OSCC cells. This study detected the long non‐coding RNA and mRNA expression profiles related to the treatment of OSCC and constructed corresponding ceRNA networks. Arsenic trioxide and MWA have a synergistic effect on OSCC, which was related to the upregulation of HSPA6.
Playability of self-sustained musical instrument models: statistical approaches
Authors: Pégeot Martin , Colinot Tom , Doc Jean-Baptiste , Fréour Vincent , Vergez Christophe
Published: December 2024

Self-sustained musical instruments, such as wind or bowed string instruments, are complex nonlinear systems. They admit a wide variety of regimes, which sometimes coexist for certain values of the control parameters. This phenomenon is known as multistability. With fixed parameters, the selection of a regime and the shape of the transient depend not only on the values of the control parameters, but also on the initial conditions. In this article, we focus on the statistical influence of initial conditions on regime selection and transient duration. An existing sample-based method called basin stability is presented to calculate the probability of occurrence of each regime. A second sample-based method is proposed for the calculation of the probability density function of transient durations. Additionally, a study taking into account specific control scenarios is presented to highlight the influence of the distribution of initial conditions considered for the statistical methods. These methods are presented on a Van der Pol oscillator seen as a prototypical musical instrument model. They are then applied to a physical model of trumpet, to demonstrate their potential for a high dimensional self-oscillating musical instrument. Finally, their interest regarding questions of playability is discussed.
Recent Developments to the ANSWERS® Monte Carlo Codes MONK® and MCBEND®
Authors: Fildes Jessica , Richards Simon , Bird Adam , Cox Andrew , Fry Timothy , Hanlon David , Jones Brian , Long David , Tantillo Francesco , Wright George , Hiles Richard
Published: December 2024

MONK® and MCBEND® are two advanced Monte Carlo codes developed by the ANSWERS® Software Service, which have been used in over 30 countries worldwide for a range of applications, and have been well-established in the UK criticality and shielding communities respectively over the course of several decades. These codes continue to be actively developed to meet the needs of their users. We introduce a number of new developments which have been implemented in recent releases of these codes, or will be implemented in the next release. As MONK and MCBEND share a significant amount of source code, some of these new developments are in common between the two codes and some are specific to each. Improvements to the physics include stochastic mixing of bound thermal scattering data, Doppler broadening rejection correction, improved support for low temperature analyses in MONK, and modelling of photonuclear reactions in MCBEND. A novel approach for transferring irradiated geometry components between models has been developed for burn-up credit applications in MONK. A list mode facility has been added for subcritical analyses, including a model for the full distribution of neutron multiplicity. The geometry capabilities have been enhanced by the addition of novel stochastic geometry algorithms for modelling highly disordered heterogeneous mixtures and random distributions of shapes. IGES-formatted CAD geometries may be imported into MONK and MCBEND and approximated as a set of triangular surface polygons in a new Fractal Geometry body. The new IGES import feature additionally offers dedicated particle tracking routines that process the model geometry within the IGES file exactly, allowing the geometry to be used in MONK and MCBEND with no approximation. New estimators of the adjoint flux in both codes and adjoint-weighted kinetics parameters in MONK have been implemented, in addition to a pulse height distribution detector resolution model in MCBEND. A brief discussion of parallel processing in both codes is presented. New developments to the tools available in the accompanying Visual Workshop integrated development environment are also described.
Development of a GPU-enhanced time-dependent Monte Carlo neutron transport version of McCARD
Authors: Ko Woo Kyoung , Jeong Seong Jeong , Kim Young In , Shim Hyung Jin
Published: December 2024

To enhance the performance of the TDMC neutron transport analysis, a new version of McCARD utilizing GPUs, named McCARD/G, is under development. This version introduces an MC neutron tracking module that employs an event-based algorithm and features a generalized lattice geometry treatment module. Additionally, significant adaptations of other major modules have been made to optimize for the GPU architecture. The capabilities of McCARD/G have been verified through the C5G7-TD benchmark, which shows good agreements with the reference results. Furthermore, McCARD/G’s efficacy is also demonstrated via an experimental benchmark conducted at the Kyoto University Critical Assembly.
Strontium-based additive for enhanced aluminum A356-reinforced Al2O3 composite mechanical properties and microstructures
Authors: Saputri Tira Kurnia , Zulfia Anne , Hernandha Rahmandhika Firdauzha Hary
Published: December 2024

A stir-casting process has produced aluminum alloy A356 reinforced with Al2O3 metal matrix composites (MMCs). The strontium was added into molten Al A356 to improve the mechanical properties of composites. The strontium used varied from 0.046 wt.% to 0.070 wt.%, while Al2O3 was kept constant at 10 vf-%. This research aims to study the effect of Sr on the microstructure and mechanical properties of Al A356/Al2O3 composite. The A356 was melted at 800 °C and mixed with Al-5TiB, Al-5Sr, and Mg as a master alloy of the matrix, then flushed with argon to remove all the gas bubbles from liquid aluminum and stirred for 2 min afterward, it was poured with Al2O3 particles and stirred again for 3 min to distribute the Al2O3 particles in molten Al matrix. The composites produced then characterized both microstructural analysis and mechanical properties. The maximum strength, elongation, and hardness of composites were achieved at 0,046 wt.% Sr with the value of 185 MPa, 4.00%, and 45.3 HRB, while strength, elongation, and hardness of unreinforced were 101 MPa, 2,72%, and 40 HRB respectively and further addition of Sr mechanical properties decreased. The increase in the strength is due to the refinement of Mg2Si primary in the matrix.
Diagnostic de gestation chez la vache : comment utiliser l’échographie ?
Authors: Gayard Véronique , Julia Joséphine , Nouvel Xavier , Taveau Jeanne , Picard-Hagen Nicole
Published: December 2024

L'échographie transrectale de l’appareil génital de la vache trouve une application fondamentale dans le diagnostic de gestation. Un diagnostic de gestation par échographie est basé sur la détection du conceptus.
En pratique, ce diagnostic peut être aisément réalisé à partir du 28è jour de gestation. A ce stade, la vésicule embryonnaire anéchogène est identifiée dans l’ensemble de la corne utérine. Son plus grand diamètre vertical est de 20 mm. L’embryon forme une saillie échogène de 1 cm environ dans la lumière utérine anéchogène.
Il est impératif de s’assurer de la vitalité embryonnaire à l’échographie en observant la contraction de l’ébauche cardiaque qui est visualisée sur l’image échographique comme un point anéchogène qui clignote. A partir du 35è jour de gestation, la vésicule amniotique est visible sous la forme d’une ligne fortement échogène qui forme un arc quelques millimètres de distance de l’embryon.

Le passage de la forme rudimentaire de l’embryon à la forme différenciée caractéristique du fœtus permet de distinguer la tête du corps du fœtus ainsi que les bourgeons des membres dès le 40è jour de gestation. C’est à partir du stade 58 jours de gestation que peut être réalisé le diagnostic du sexe du fœtus basé sur la localisation du tubercule génital par échographie.En raison de la survenue de mortalités embryonnaires entre 28 et 42 jours et de mortalités fœtales avant 98 jours, un diagnostic de mortalité embryonnaire et fœtale peut être établi lors d’examens séquentiels avec la mise en évidence d’un embryon lors du premier examen et son absence plus tardivement, l’absence de battements cardiaques, de mouvements du fœtus et/ou la présence de débris dans les liquides fœtaux.
La cartographie des abattoirs
d’animaux de boucherie
Authors: Sans Pierre
Published: December 2024

Cet article décrit le réseau des abattoirs français d'animaux de boucherie et identifie les moteurs de l'évolution de ce réseau.
Il présente sous la forme d’une série de cartes commentées le parc des 250 outils d’abattage de France métropolitaine bénéficiant d’un agrément de la Communauté européenne (CE). Elles résultent du croisement de plusieurs sources d’information :
- pour les cartes 1 à 4 : base de sources publiées entre 2010 et 2014 (cartes élaborées par la direction générale de l’Alimentation du ministère de l’Agriculture, de l’Agroalimentaire et de la Forêt, rapport Blézat [2], …) et veille documentaire.

- pour la carte 5 : statistique et de la prospective du ministère de l’Agriculture, de l’Agroalimentaire et de la Forêt et plateforme de la base de données nationale d’identification bovine (BDNI).