bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Companions of the Prophet as Anti-Colonial Fighters: The Political Evolution of ʿAlī Tales in Siberia and the Kazakh Steppe
Authors: Frank Allen J.
Published: November 2021

Tales about the caliph ʿAlī have circulated as popular entertainment throughout the Islamic world since the medieval era. While their meaning to their audiences has varied, on the frontiers of Islam, including in Siberia and the Kazakh steppe, the battles of ʿAlī and other companions of the Prophet against infidels took on special meaning. Among Kazakh nomads under Russian rule, these tales gained broad popularity in the second half of the nineteenth century as the status of Kazakhs as a Muslim community came under threat from changing Russian policies. It was at this time that Kazakh-language ʿAlī tales were composed and published by Muslim publishers in Russia. One of these was the Qiṣṣa-yi Ṣalṣāl, by the Siberian poet Mäulekey Yumachikov, in which the infidels whom ʿAlī and the other companions battle are clearly identified as being Russians, although placed in the earliest period of Islam. This tale enables us to see the political evolution of such tales, which constitute a response to the cultural and political pressures of Russian colonialism.
The Thing before Us
Authors: Miguens Sofia , Osorio-Kupferblum Naomi
Published: November 2021

In this article the authors identify and analyse points of agreement and disagreement between Michael Ayers and Charles Travis, starting from their views on ‘things before us’. The authors then try to spell out what separates these philosophers in matters concerning perception, knowledge and language. In spite of their both being self-professed realists, equally critical of conceptualism and representationalism, Ayers’ empiricism and Travis’ anti-empiricism lead them to different positions in these three areas. It is shown that in the case of Ayers they hinge on “ordinary” objects and a KK principle (knowledge that and how we know), whereas in the case of Travis they are articulated around occasion-sensitivity and anti-psychologism.
Le mal subi, le mal rendu. Une lecture anthropologique des pratiques de lamentations et de malédictions dans le shiʿisme populaire iranien
Authors: Parsapajouh Sepideh
Published: November 2021

Dans le shiʿisme duodécimain iranien, deux catégories de traditions populaires (comprenant rituels, pratiques et croyances) ont pris forme au cours du temps autour de la question du mal, précisément des souffrances et de la mort subies par les personnes de la famille du Prophète (ahl al-bayt). La première catégorie comprend les expressions poétiques élégiaques (marṯīya) accompagnées de pratiques reflétant la passion et la compassion pour les victimes de la mort injuste, à commencer par le troisième imam Ḥusayn. La seconde catégorie comprend de violentes expressions satiriques de malédiction adressées aux auteurs de ce mal. Cette tradition mobilise aussi la récitation de prières et de formules dévotionnelles tirées du corpus scripturaire sacré, ainsi qu’un ensemble de pratiques particulières appelées ʿUmar-košī (« le meurtre de ʿUmar »). Cet article propose d’analyser la formation et la fonction de ces deux traditions, ainsi que l’évolution de leur forme et de leur signification dans le contexte social du shiʿisme iranien contemporain. Il montrera que ces deux traditions, tout en étant cohérentes avec le double principe shiʿite de tawallāʾ (loyauté et amour pour les imams) et tabarrāʾ (dissociation et haine à l’égard de leurs adversaires), reflètent clairement l’autonomie des croyants vis-à-vis du pouvoir politique comme de l’autorité religieuse institutionnelle.

In Iranian Twelver Shiʿism, two categories of popular traditions (including rituals, practices and beliefs) have taken shape over time around the issue of evil, namely the harm and death suffered by the holy figures of the house of the Prophet (ahl al-bayt). The first category includes elegiac poetic expressions (marṯīya), accompanied by ritual practices reflecting passion and compassion for the victims of unjust death – notably the third imam, Ḥusayn. The second category includes violent and satirical expressions of maledictions, addressed to the authors of this evil. This tradition also involves the recitation of prayers and devotional formulas borrowed from the sacred scriptural corpus as well as particular practices called ʿUmar-košī (the murder of ʿUmar). This article offers an analysis of the formation and function of these two traditions, as well as the development of their form and meaning in the social context of contemporary Iranian Shiʿism. It shows that, by being in line with the double Shiʿi principle of tawallāʾ (loyalty and love towards the Imams) and tabarrāʾ (dissociation and hatred towards the enemies of the Imams), these two traditions clearly reflect the autonomy of the believers vis-à-vis both political power and institutional religious authority.
Le mal moral chez Avicenne : perspectives éthiques et politiques
Authors: Sebti Meryem
Published: November 2021

La question du mal problème pose un problème aigu au sein de la doctrine de l’âme d’Avicenne. Comment l’âme humaine qui est une substance spirituelle inaltérable impassible peut-elle être affectée par le mal commis ? Répondre à cette question nécessite l’étude de l’eschatologie avicennienne de même que celle du statut des normes éthiques. Ces dernières ne sont, selon Avicenne, pas universelles et donc pas accessibles à l’intellect mais sont données par la révélation. On ne peut comprendre la question du mal moral chez Avicenne sans la replacer dans le système métaphysique et éthique du philosophe persan.

The question of evil poses an acute problem within Avicenna’s doctrine of the soul. How can the human soul, which is an unalterable spiritual substance, be affected by the evil committed? Answering this question requires the study of Avicenna’s eschatology as well as the study of the status of ethical norms. The latter, according to Avicenna, are not universal and therefore not accessible to the intellect but are given by revelation. The question of moral evil in Avicenna cannot be understood without placing it in the metaphysical and ethical system of the Persian philosopher.
New additions to the Chinese Agraeciini Redtenbacher, 1891 (Orthoptera, Tettigoniidae: Conocephalinae) with report the complete mitochondrial genome of Palaeoagraecia brunnea Ingrisch, 1998
Authors: LIU JING , LUO HAIYU , LU XIANGYI , BIAN XUN
Published: November 2021

This paper reports one newly recorded species and one new species from China, namely Anelytra (Lichnofugia) symfioma (Ingrisch, 1998) and Liara (Liara) shii Liu & Bian sp. nov. All the species of Agraeciini Redtenbacher, 1891 from China are listed. The examined specimens are deposited in Guangxi Normal University. The complete mitochondrial genome of Palaeoagraecia brunnea Ingrisch, 1998 was 15984 bp and consisted of 37 genes and a control region. The A + T content of the mitogenome was as high as 70.2%. Most protein-coding genes started with the codon ATN and ended with typical stop codons TAA. Phylogenetic analyses based on mitogenomes suggested that Palaeoagraecia brunnea and the genus Pseudorhynchus had the closest genetic relationship.
A new species of Psephenothrips (Thysanoptera: Phlaeothripidae) from China
Authors: TONG XIAOLI , LAU CLIVE SIU-KI , ZHAO CHAO
Published: November 2021

A new species of Phlaeothripinae, Psephenothrips aporosae sp. n., is described based on specimens collected in leaf galls on Aporosa octandra [Phyllanthaceae] in China. The new species is characterized by the head being much shorter than wide, the tube slightly longer than the head, and the metanotum with close longitudinal reticulation.
Gender differences and similarities in work preferences: Results from a factorial survey experiment
Authors: Seehuus Sara
Published: November 2021

Despite increased gender equality in many arenas in most of the Western world, women and men continue to choose different educational paths; this is one reason for the persistent gender segregation in the labour market. Cultural and economic explanations for occupational gender segregation both contend that gendered career choices reflect gendered preferences. By analysing data from a multifactorial survey experiment conducted in Norway, designed to isolate the preferences for occupations from preferences for job attributes with which occupation is often correlated: pay; type of position; and amount of work, this article examines whether and to what extent boys and girls who have not yet entered the labour market have different preferences for different work dimensions. The study shows some gender differences in occupational preferences, while also demonstrating similarities in boys’ and girls’ preferences for work dimensions, such as pay and working hours. This indicates that attributes tested by the experiment, which are typically associated with gendered occupations, cannot independently explain why boys and girls tend to have divergent occupational preferences. Importantly, however, the results suggest that boys’ reluctance to undertake some female-typed occupations might be reduced if they did not pay less than male-typed occupations requiring the same level of education.
Il Lungo Sonno
Authors: Cavalli Pier Giuseppe
Published: November 2021

Narratore noto, si direbbe con ammirazione (se non fosse meglio riconoscerlo nutrito di succhi essenziali: da Borges e da Calvino, forse anche da Kafka e da Buzzati), il giovane Cavalli sembra trovare nella misura del racconto la propria misura; e nella chiarezza del panto di mira la giustificazione per una scrittura che, pur nell'indubitabile eleganza, è asciutta, disadorna. I nomi, poi — i nomi, qui, dei professori Lawrence e Baxter —, sono spoglie convenzionali, suoni già scontati; quel che importa è altro, sono i loro accorgimenti che presto divaricano, all'astuzia di corta vista dell'uno opponendosi l'astuzia lungimirante di colui che finisce da protagonista, Lawrence. L'altezza dello scopo — proiettato in un tempo senza date, perché la mèta di Lawrence è categoriale, non di circostanza — fa si che la scena gradualmente si sgombri e la dinamica del rituale si sviluppi con suprema semplicità. L'indiamento e la sublimazione appaiono conseguenza fatale ma anche logica del viaggio di tutta una vita: non la follia dello scienziato reso perverso dalle proprie stesse passioni, ma una religione altissima presiede all'ultimo atto della vicenda, al gesto calcolato e irreversibile di chi, separandosi da tutto, entra forse in comunione col Tutto. (S. R.)
The Conflation of Race and Propaganda in the Mobilization of Africans for the Second World War
Authors: Njoku Raphael Chijioke
Published: November 2021

The primary focus here is to accentuate the competing roles of race and propaganda in the enlistment of Africans and African Americans for the Second World War. Among other things, the discussion captures on the interwar years and emphasizes the subtleties of African American Pan-Africanist discourses as a counterweight to Black oppression encountered in the racialized spaces of Jim Crow America, colonized Africa, and the pugnacious infraction that was the Italo-Ethiopian war of 1935–1936. Tying up the implications of these events into the broader global politics of 1939–1945 establishes the background in which the Allied Powers sought after Black people’s support in the war against the Axis Powers. Recalling that Italy’s fascist leader Benito Mussolini attacked Ethiopia in 1935 with poisonous gas while the League of Nations refused to act, points to the barefaced conflation of race and propaganda in the Great War and the centrality of African and African Diaspora exertions in the conflict.
In Search of Salience: Focus Detection in the Speech of Different Talkers
Authors: Ip Martin Ho Kwan , Cutler Anne
Published: November 2021

Many different prosodic cues can help listeners predict upcoming speech. However, no research to date has assessed listeners’ processing of preceding prosody from different speakers. The present experiments examine (1) whether individual speakers (of the same language variety) are likely to vary in their production of preceding prosody; (2) to the extent that there is talker variability, whether listeners are flexible enough to use any prosodic cues signaled by the individual speaker; and (3) whether types of prosodic cues (e.g., F0 versus duration) vary in informativeness. Using a phoneme-detection task, we examined whether listeners can entrain to different combinations of preceding prosodic cues to predict where focus will fall in an utterance. We used unsynthesized sentences recorded by four female native speakers of Australian English who happened to have used different preceding cues to produce sentences with prosodic focus: a combination of pre-focus overall duration cues, F0 and intensity (mean, maximum, range), and longer pre-target interval before the focused word onset (Speaker 1), only mean F0 cues, mean and maximum intensity, and longer pre-target interval (Speaker 2), only pre-target interval duration (Speaker 3), and only pre-focus overall duration and maximum intensity (Speaker 4). Listeners could entrain to almost every speaker’s cues (the exception being Speaker 4’s use of only pre-focus overall duration and maximum intensity), and could use whatever cues were available even when one of the cue sources was rendered uninformative. Our findings demonstrate both speaker variability and listener flexibility in the processing of prosodic focus.
Roles matter: Graduate student perceptions of active learning in the STEM courses they take and those they teach
Authors: Patrick Lorelei , Howell Leigh Anne , Wischusen Everett William
Published: November 2021

Despite many calls to reform undergraduate science, technology, engineering, and math (STEM) education to incorporate active learning into classes, there has been little attention paid to graduate level classrooms or courses taught by graduate students. Here, we set out to understand if and how STEM graduate students’ perceptions of active learning change in the classes they take versus those they teach. We found that graduate students had taken relatively few graduate level classes using active learning and they felt that more time should be devoted to active learning in the courses they were taking. Teaching assistants felt that they were devoting the right amount of class time to active learning in the classes they taught. Graduate students also felt that they were using teaching methods in the classes they taught that were different from those they thought should be used when teaching undergraduates and were different from how they preferred to learn when taking classes.
Research on cutting performance and fatigue life of conical pick in cutting rock process
Authors: Zeng Qingliang , Wang Zhiwen , Lu Zhenguo , Wan Lirong , Liu Zhihai , Zhang Xin
Published: November 2021

The conical pick is the most crucial tool of roadheader for breaking rock, establishing the conical pick cutting rock and conical pick fatigue life numerical simulation models to investigate the influence of cutting parameters on rock damage, average peak cutting force, specific cutting energy and the conical pick fatigue life. The research results indicate that the width and depth of rock damage increase with increasing cutting depth and cutting speed. The average peak cutting force and the specific cutting energy have the same changing tendency. The changing trend of conical pick fatigue life and conical pick stress is opposite relationship. The optimum cutting angle of the conical pick cutting rock is 45°. Applying the research results for guiding the optimization of the cutting parameters reduces the specific cutting energy and stress and improves the conical pick fatigue life.
Laboratory and Pharmaceutical Data Associated With Hospital Readmission in Persons With Diabetic Foot Ulcers
Authors: Myers Alyson K. , Dawkins Makeda , Baskaran Inthuja , Izard Stephanie , Zhang Meng , Bissoonauth Aditya A. , Kaplan Sally , Rao Amit , Elzanaty Mohammad , Oropallo Alisha
Published: November 2021

Purpose: Diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs) are a leading cause of lower extremity amputations among persons with diabetes (PWD) and a common cause of hospitalizations. This study identified demographic characteristics, lab values, and comorbidities associated with 30-day and 90-day hospital readmission in persons with DFU.

Methods: A retrospective chart review at our institution examined 397 patients with type 2 diabetes admitted with DFU between January 2014 and December 2018. Variables were analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-tests, and logistic regressions.

Results: None of the studied demographic, laboratory (including Hemoglobin A1c) or comorbid diseases were associated with 30-day readmission in persons with DFU. Risk factors for 90-day readmission included discharge location to home with health care (OR: 2.62, 95% CI: 1.39, 4.95), anticoagulant use (OR: 2.36, 95% CI: 1.27, 4.39), and SQ insulin use (OR: 2.08, 95% CI: 1.20, 3.61).

Conclusions: None of the variables examined were associated with 30-day readmission; however, potential predictors for 90-day readmission included anticoagulation or insulin use and discharge home with healthcare services. Future studies should devise interventions to improve transition of care in patients with DFU to further assess the role of medications and home health care as a potential predictor of 90-day hospital readmission.
A Rolling Panel Model of Cohort, Period, and Aging Effects for the Analysis of the General Social Survey
Authors: Morgan Stephen L. , Lee Jiwon
Published: November 2021

The linear dependence of age, period, and birth cohort is a challenge for the analysis of social change. With either repeated cross-sectional data or conventional panel data, raw change cannot be decomposed into over-time differences that are attributable to the effects of common experiences of alternative birth cohorts, features of the periods under observation, and the cumulation of lifecourse aging. This article proposes a rolling panel model for cohort, period, and aging effects, suggested by and tuned to the treble panel data collected for the General Social Survey from 2006 through 2014. While the model does not offer a general solution for the identification of the classical age-period-cohort accounting model, it yields warranted interpretations under plausible assumptions that are reasonable for many outcomes of interest. In particular, if aging effects can be assumed to be invariant over the course of an observation interval, and if separate panel samples of the full age distribution overlap within the same observation interval, then period and aging effects can be parameterized and interpreted separately, adjusted for cohort differences that pulse through the same observation interval. The estimated cohort effects during the observation interval are then interpretable as effects during the observation interval of entangled period and cumulated aging differences from before the observation interval.
Fascism and Dependency in Latin America in the Thinking of Theotônio dos Santos
Authors: Machado Bichir Maíra
Published: November 2021

The analysis of Theotônio dos Santos, a central reference of the Marxist theory of dependency, of the counterrevolutionary political processes in Latin America in the 1960s and 1970s, reflecting what he observes as an advance of fascistization, proposes the concept of a dependent fascism to characterize some of the military governments that materialized in the region. His writings on the subject are part of a wide range of debates that took place in Latin America during the 1970s, which focused on the context of political radicalization between revolution and counterrevolution, a tug-of-war that led to a consolidation of military coups. These writings express his position on both the political crisis that took place in Latin American countries at that time and the transformations of the political regime and the state itself. Efforts to renew these debates are anchored in the expectation that they may shed light on recent Latin American history.

A análise de Theotônio dos Santos, referência central da teoria Marxista da dependência, sobre os processos políticos contrarrevolucionários na América Latina nas décadas de 1960 e 1970, ao observar um avanço da fascistização, propõe o conceito de fascismo dependente para caracterizar alguns dos governos militares que se concretizaram na região. Seus escritos sobre o tema se inscrevem em um amplo campo de debates que tiveram lugar na América Latina durante a década de 1970, os quais se debruçavam sobre o contexto de radicalização política entre revolução e contrarrevolução, no qual a consolidação de golpes militares estava imersa, e expressam o posicionamento do autor em relação tanto à crise política que teve lugar nos países latino-americanos naquele então, quanto às transformações do próprio regime político e do Estado. O esforço de recuperar tal debate está ancorado na expectativa de que tais reflexões possam lançar luz sobre a história recente latino-americana.
Dependency 4.0: Theoretical Considerations and the Brazilian Case
Authors: Paulani Leda Maria
Published: November 2021

The liberalization of markets for goods and assets that took place beginning in the 1980s, alongside a strengthening of the resulting transnationalization of capital, did not alter the basic hierarchical organization of the global capitalist system. This new dependency, here called “dependency 4.0,” is based on the rent seeking that marks the contemporary wealth accumulation process and ongoing technological progress. Brazil’s incorporation into the international division of labor is emblematic of this type of subordination.

A liberalização dos mercados de bens e ativos que teve lugar a partir dos anos 1980 e o fortalecimento da transnacionalização do capital que resultou daí não alteraram o pressuposto fundamental da prevalência de uma organização hierárquica no sistema capitalista mundial. Um novo tipo de dependência a relacionar países centrais e periféricos, dependência 4.0, estaria assentada no rentismo que marca hoje o processo de acumulação e na natureza do progresso tecnológico em curso. O caso do Brasil—a história de sua inserção na divisão internacional do trabalho—é emblemática desse novo tipo de subordinação.
Group-based telerehabilitation intervention using Wii Fit to improve walking in older adults with lower limb amputation (WiiNWalk): A randomized control trial
Authors: Tao Gordon , Miller William C. , Eng Janice J. , Esfandiari Elham , Imam Bita , Lindstrom Heather , Payne Michael W.
Published: November 2021

Objective

Determine efficacy of the novel WiiNWalk intervention on walking-related outcomes in older adults with lower limb amputation.

Design

Multi-site, parallel, evaluator-masked randomized controlled trial.

Setting

Home-setting in three Canadian cities.

Participants

Community-dwelling lower limb prosthesis users over 50 years of age.

Interventions

The WiiNWalk group (n = 38) used modified Wii Fit activities for prosthetic rehabilitation. The attention control group (n = 33) used Big Brain Academy: Wii Degree, comprising of cognitive activities. Both groups completed a 4-week supervised phase with three 1-h sessions/week in groups of three overseen by a clinician via videoconferencing and a 4-week unstructured and unsupervised phase.

Main Measures

Primary outcome was walking capacity (2 min walk test); secondary outcomes were balance confidence (activities-specific balance confidence scale), dynamic balance (four-step square test), and lower limb functioning (short physical performance battery). Outcomes were compared across time points with repeated measures analysis of covariance, adjusting for baseline and age.

Results

Mean age was 65.0 (8.4) years, with 179.5 (223.5) months post-amputation and 80% transtibial amputation. No group difference in a 2 min walk test with an effect size: 1.53 95% CI [−3.17, 6.23] m. Activities balance confidence was greater in the WiiNWalk group by 5.53 [2.53, 8.52]%. No group difference in the four-step square test −0.16 [−1.25, 0.92] s, nor short physical performance battery 0.48 [−0.65, 1.61]. A post-hoc analysis showed the greatest difference in balance confidence immediately after an unsupervised phase.

Conclusions

The WiiNWalk intervention improved balance confidence, but not walking-related physical function in older adult lower limb prosthesis users. Future rehabilitation games should be specific to the amputation context. Clinical Trial Registration number, NCT 01942798.
A Strategic Marketing Framework for Emerging Out of the Climate Change Social Trap: The Case of the Fashion Industry
Authors: Rashidi-Sabet Siavash , Madhavaram Sreedhar
Published: November 2021

Climate change mitigation is arguably the most significant challenge of the twenty-first century. On the foundations of research on social traps by economists and behavioral scientists, this research: (1) conceptualizes the climate change social trap as the behavior of entities (firms, individuals, or social groups) favoring short-term positive consequences over long-term negative consequences of climate change for society; (2) provides a brief overview of the impact of the fashion industry on climate change; (3) develops a summary overview of research on social traps and taxonomies of solutions for social traps; (4) discusses, in detail, a strategic marketing framework built on a taxonomy developed in macromarketing; and (5) using the framework, evaluates 130 leading companies in the fashion industry with reference to their strategic marketing efforts to draw insights for emerging out of the climate change social trap. We conclude with a discussion of the implications of this research for marketing theory and practice in helping firms emerge out of social traps in general, and the climate change social trap in particular.
Prediction of central compartment nodal metastases in papillary thyroid cancer using TI-RADS score, blood flow, and multifocality
Authors: Yang Jin-Ru , Song Yan , Chang Shu-Juan , Shi Li-Li
Published: November 2021

Background

The relationship between the American College of Radiology (ACR) Thyroid Imaging Reporting and Data System (TI-RADS) and the risk of lymph node metastases in papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) could improve the detection rate of lymph node metastases in thyroid cancer and provide a scientific basis for clinical diagnosis.

Purpose

To evaluate the risk of lymph node metastases of PTC associated with the score from ACR TI-RADS adjusted for other correlative factors.

Material and Methods

A total of 560 patients with pathologically confirmed PTC were included in the study and classified into a metastases group and a non-metastases group. Clinical and pathological manifestations of the patients were collected.

Results

The median TI-RADS score was 13 (p25–p75 = 11–14) among the patients with lymph node metastases, higher than those without metastases 9 (8–10) ( P < 0.001). Multiple logistic regression indicated that TI-RADS score (odds ratio [OR] = 2.204), male sex (OR = 2.376), multifocality (OR = 4.170), and rich blood flow (OR = 3.656) were risk factors for lymph node metastases in patients with thyroid carcinoma. Some related factors such as TI-RADS score, age(<45years old), male, multifocality and rich blood flow were related to lymph node metastases in the central area of the neck which could provide therapeutic strategy for further treatment.

Conclusion

it is not just the TI-RADS score but also multifocality, blood flow, and sex that influence the prediction of the risk of PTC central lymph node metastases.
Qualities of Culturally and Religiously Sensitive Practice: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Pentaris Panagiotis , Christodoulou Panayiota
Published: November 2021

Background: Culture and religion influence lived experience and particularly dying and grieving. Research has largely focused on exploring culturally and religiously sensitive practices, but not necessarily in palliative and hospice care or across nations. Acquired knowledge from the more advanced end-of-life care systems (eg the UK) tends to be generalized to other contexts where its cultural appropriation is not tested. Aim: This study explored the different qualities, among hospice and palliative professionals in Cyprus, describing cultural competence, cultural humility, and religious literacy. Design: A cross-sectional study of 41 palliative and hospice professionals in Cyprus, with the use of a 5-point Likert style questionnaire ( a = 0.898). Setting: The study took place in Cyprus and participants were recruited from across palliative and hospice care organizations, including the only hospice in Cyprus, Cyprus Association of Cancer Patients and Friends (PASYKAF), and the Cyprus Anti-Cancer Society (CACS). Results: This study found that there are four main qualities that lead to effective culturally and religiously sensitive practice—informed decision-making, respect, adaptability, and nonjudgmental practice. Conclusions: Future education and training of professionals can consider these findings to appropriate approaches in practice that fit the Cypriot end-of-life care context more effectively.
End-of-life Comfort Evaluation, is Clinic Enough? A Retrospective Cohort Study of Combined Comfort Evaluation with Analgesia/Nociception Index and Clinic in non-Communicative Patients
Authors: Bauschert Loïc , Prod’homme Chloé , Pierrat Magali , Chevalier Luc , Lesaffre Hélène , Touzet Licia
Published: November 2021

Background: Comfort evaluation is one of the major challenges in the palliative care setting, particularly when it comes to non-communicative patients. For this specific population, validated tools for comfort evaluation are scarce and healthcare professionals have to rely on their clinical sense and experience. Objectives: To provide arguments for the use of Analgesia/Nociception Index (ANI) monitoring in order to improve clinical comfort evaluation. Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort study of non-communicative patients at the end of their lives whose comfort was evaluated clinically and with ANI. We focused on the coherence or discordance of clinical and ANI evaluations and on pharmacological interventions driven by them. Results: 58 evaluations from 33 patients were analyzed. Clinical and demographic characteristics were highly variable. Simultaneous clinical and ANI evaluations were concordant in 45 measurements (77.58%), leading mostly to no treatment modification when indicating comfort and to increasing anxiolytic or pain-relief treatments when indicating discomfort. Thirteen (22.41%) evaluations were discordant, leading mostly to treatment incrementation. Conclusion: We suggest that the ANI monitor is a reliable tool in the palliative setting and may help provide patients with the best symptom relief and the most appropriate therapeutics.
Five-Year Outcomes After Implementing a Pain, Agitation, and Delirium Protocol in a Mixed Intensive Care Unit
Authors: Fish Jeffrey T. , Baxa Jared T. , Draheim Ryan R. , Willenborg Matthew J. , Mills Jared C. , Sticht Luke A. , Hankwitz Jennifer L. , Wells Jeffrey A. , Jung Hee Soo
Published: November 2021

Objective: Assess for continued improvements in patient outcomes after updating our institutional sedation and analgesia protocol to include recommendations from the 2013 Society of Critical Care Medicine (SCCM) Pain, Agitation, and Delirium (PAD) guidelines. Methods: Retrospective before-and-after study in a mixed medical/surgical intensive care unit (ICU) at an academic medical center. Mechanically ventilated adults admitted from September 1, 2011 through August 31, 2012 (pre-implementation) and October 1, 2012 through September 30, 2017 (post-implementation) were included. Measurements included number of mechanically ventilated patients, APACHE IV scores, age, type of patient (medical or surgical), admission diagnosis, ICU length of stay (LOS), hospital LOS, ventilator days, number of self-extubations, ICU mortality, ICU standardized mortality ratio, hospital mortality, hospital standardized mortality ratio, medication data including as needed (PRN) analgesic and sedative use, and analgesic and sedative infusions, and institutional savings. Results: Ventilator days (Pre-PAD = 4.0 vs. Year 5 post = 3.2, P < .0001), ICU LOS (Pre-PAD = 4.8 days vs. Year 5 post = 4.1 days, P = .0004) and hospital LOS (Pre-PAD = 14 days vs. Year 5 post = 12 days, P < .0001) decreased after protocol implementation. Hospital standardized mortality ratio (Pre-PAD = 0.69 vs. Year 5 post = 0.66) remained constant; while, APACHE IV scores (Pre-PAD = 77 vs. Year 5 post = 89, P < .0001) and number of intubated patients (Pre-PAD = 1146 vs. Year 5 post = 1468) increased over the study period. Using the decreased ICU and hospital LOS estimates, it is projected the institution saved $4.3 million over the 5 years since implementation. Conclusions: Implementation of an updated PAD protocol in a mixed medical/surgical ICU was associated with a significant decrease in ventilator time, ICU LOS, and hospital LOS without a change in the standardized mortality ratio over a five-year period. These favorable outcomes are associated with a significant cost savings for the institution.
Project-Think and the Fragmentation and Defragmentation of Civil Society in Egypt, Palestine, and Turkey
Authors: Zencirci Gizem , Herrold Catherine E.
Published: November 2021

By drawing from authors’ fieldwork in Egypt, Palestine, and Turkey, this article critically examines perceptions of project-think among civic organizations in the Middle East. As a managerial rationality, project-think has four key components: (a) a prioritization of discrete needs and discrete groups, (b) an orientation toward funding, (c) a focus on short-term and measurable results, and (d) the positioning of nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) as career ladders. Through unpacking these four components, we find that project-think is perceived to contribute to the fragmentation of civil society by fracturing social issues, dividing the NGO sector, isolating organizational energy, and complicating relations between groups. Simultaneously, we demonstrate that, civic actors use various strategies to circumvent the perceived impacts of fragmentation. By mapping these intertwined meanings and experiences of fragmentation and defragmentation, this study contributes to debates concerning the political effects of managerialism among civil society in the Global South.
Performance evaluation of solar parabolic trough receiver using multiple twisted tapes with circular perforation and delta winglet
Authors: Thapa Sashank , Samir Sushant , Kumar Khushmeet
Published: November 2021

A parabolic trough collector (PTC) is one of the concentrating types of a solar collector working in the medium range of temperature from 100–400 °C, for this reason, the efficiency of the solar parabolic trough is less than other types of concentrating solar collector (Point focusing types) in terms of solar to thermal energy conversion, the improvement in efficiency is achieved by various passive heat augmentation techniques in the receiver tube. One of the promising passive techniques is twisted tape inserts used in the receiver due to its simplicity in design and the various possibility of geometric modification. This paper deals with the performance evaluation of the solar parabolic trough receiver system by using passive techniques in the receiver. The testing of the receiver of PTC was done by using multiple perforated twisted tapes with winglets having different perforation ratios ([Formula: see text]) of 0.05, 0.15, 0.25, twist ratios ([Formula: see text]) of 3, 4, 5 and wing depth ratios ([Formula: see text]) of 0.1, 0.2 and 0.3. The number of twisted tapes was fixed at 4. The examination was conducted for Reynolds numbers ([Formula: see text]) varying from 3000–21,000 using air as working fluid. The outcome shows that the use of perforation and winglet in twisted tapes augment the Nusselt number as compared to that of smooth twisted tapes. The maximum thermohydraulic performance ([Formula: see text]) of 2.40 is received by using multiple twisted tapes with perforation and winglet having [Formula: see text] = 0.3, [Formula: see text] = 3, and [Formula: see text] = 0.05 at the Re = 21,000. The correlations for Nusselt number ([Formula: see text]) and friction factor ([Formula: see text]) are also developed with ± 8.5% and ± 8.3% accuracy, respectively.
Do Social Networking Sites Influence Well-Being? The Extended Active-Passive Model
Authors: Verduyn Philippe , Gugushvili Nino , Kross Ethan
Published: November 2021

Do social networking sites (SNSs) influence well-being? According to the active-passive model of SNS use, the impact of SNSs on well-being depends on how they are used: Using SNSs actively to interact with other users positively affects well-being, whereas passive consumption of SNS content negatively affects well-being. However, emerging evidence suggests that the active-passive distinction is too coarse to fully capture the relationship between SNS use and well-being. Here we describe the extended active-passive model of SNS use, which refines the original model in three ways: It decomposes active use, decomposes passive use, and crosses usage types with user characteristics. We describe recent empirical evidence illustrating the benefits of these three extensions and highlight important future research directions. The extended active-passive model of SNS use provides a nuanced understanding of the relationship between SNS use and well-being by highlighting that active use of SNSs is not always beneficial and passive use is not always detrimental.
Administrative and Compliance Costs of Value Added Tax (VAT): A Review
Authors: Vishnuhadevi S.
Published: November 2021

This article surveys the existing literature on the compliance and administrative costs of VAT incurred by the businesses and the governments respectively. The review focuses on the concepts and components of VAT operating costs, the link between the tax compliance costs and the tax compliance decision, factors associated with compliance costs and the steps taken by various countries to mitigate these costs. The major studies of VAT compliance cost since 1980 and the methodologies adopted are summarised. The review of the studies shows that the VAT compliance costs are higher and significant in both absolute money terms and relative to tax revenue in developed as well as developing countries than the administrative costs and the compliance costs are highly regressive in nature which disproportionately affects the small businesses. Further, the psychological costs are underexplored in the VAT compliance cost literature due to the difficulty in measuring them. This article also highlights the understudied area of VAT compliance costs in India and the importance of exploring the compliance burden in India.
Research issues in low birth weight feeding
Authors: Shenoi Arvind , Prasad V.S.V.
Published: November 2021

Survival of premature and low birth weight infants has markedly improved during the last few decades. Nutrition is believed to play a fundamental role in optimizing the growth and development of these infants both during their period of hospital stay and post discharge. Feeding of low birth weight babies is a very challenging issue as trials dealing with various aspects are lacking. There is need for information on the choice of milk for a preterm in hospital and post discharge, fortification, dilemmas regarding when to initiate feeds, progression and frequency of feeds and lastly management of feed intolerance. The purpose of this review is to highlight the paucity of evidence in certain areas of LBW feeding and suggest important areas of future research.
Research issues in hearing screening
Authors: Gupta Girish
Published: November 2021

Screening for hearing loss in not a universal practice in current Indian scenario. Very few units have the required devices, manpower and awareness. As the number of neonatal units is increasing exponentially, there is an increasing desire to provide quality care and ensure intact survival. This article summarizes the pertinent research questions which need to be addressed in our country as we embark on our journey to provide hearing screening at least to NICU graduates.
Research issues in retinopathy of prematurity
Authors: Pejaver Ranjan Kumar , Vinekar Anand , Bilagi Archana
Published: November 2021

Retinopathy of prematurity has been recognized in India for nearly two decades and most of the NICUs in bigger cities have established screening programs. However, the mushrooming of neonatal units with inadequate awareness and monitoring in smaller towns in recent years has increased the number of babies reporting with advanced stages of ROP. Indian babies have numerous unique characteristics and the care practices in our NICUs are also often different. Hence, there are a large number of research issues which need to tackled in our country.
An Eliasian analysis of students’ views on guidelines against sexual harassment and abuse in sport
Authors: Marie Solstad Gerd , Kari Stefansen , Åse Strandbu
Published: November 2021

This article explores an important measure in current prevention policies in sport: guidelines against sexual harassment and abuse. Because little is known about how people involved in sport understand and relate to such guidelines, it fills a gap in current research on sexual harassment and abuse prevention in sport. We draw on ‘video elicitation’ focus group interviews with sport students in Norway. Our analysis is guided by Norbert Elias's sociology of knowledge and particularly his concept of ‘degrees of involvement and detachment’. First, we found that the students had limited knowledge about the sexual harassment and abuse guidelines. Second, we saw how their discussions alternated between different positions when reflecting upon the guidelines’ usefulness. From a relatively detached position, the students supported the general idea of guidelines. From the more involved position they voiced concern related to conduct regulations that conflicted with valued aspects of sport practice and mentioned problematic aspects of sport culture that the guidelines do not target. In a blend of involvement and detachment, the students drew on their sport experiences to reflect critically on both the potentials and limitations of the sexual harassment and abuse guidelines. Finally, we draw some implications of the analysis for the improvement of prevention work.
Generalized dermatophytosis caused by Trichophyton equinum in 8 juvenile black bears in California
Authors: Clothier Kristin A. , Watson Katherine D. , Mete Aslı , Giannitti Federico , Anderson Mark , Munk Brandon , McMillin Stella , Clifford Deana L. , Rudd Jaime , Shirkey Nicholas , Famini Dan , Woods Leslie
Published: November 2021

From 2014–2019, 8 juvenile black bears ( Ursus americanus) from different geographic regions were presented to the California Department of Fish and Wildlife because of emaciation, alopecia, and exfoliative dermatitis that resulted in death or euthanasia. Autopsy and histopathology revealed that all 8 bears had generalized hyperkeratotic dermatitis, folliculitis, and furunculosis. Skin structures were heavily colonized by fungal hyphae and arthrospores; fungal cultures of skin from 7 bears yielded Trichophyton equinum, a zoophilic dermatophyte reported only rarely in non-equid species. Additional skin conditions included mites (5), ticks (2), and coagulase-negative Staphylococcus sp. infections (2). No other causes of morbidity or mortality were identified. Molecular comparisons performed at the University of Texas Fungal Reference Laboratory determined that all isolates produced identical banding patterns, potentially representing a clonal population. Dermatophytosis is commonly localized and limited to the stratum corneum of the epidermis and hair follicles. Generalized disease with dermal involvement is rare in immunocompetent individuals; illness, malnutrition, age, or immunosuppression may increase susceptibility. Underlying causes for the severe disease impact in these bears were not evident after physical or postmortem examination. The mechanism by which bears from different geographic locations had severe, T. equinum–associated dermatophytosis from a potentially clonal dermatophyte could not be explained and warrants further investigation.
Remote Use of Individual Growth and Development Indicators (IGDIs) for Infants and Toddlers
Authors: Greenwood Charles R. , Higgins Susan , McKenna Meaghan , Buzhardt Jay , Walker Dale , Ai Jun , Irvin Dwight W. , Grasley-Boy Nikki
Published: November 2021

Universal screening and progress monitoring are evidence-based practices in early intervention/early childhood special education (EI/ECSE). Individual Growth and Development Indicators (IGDIs) for infants/toddlers are measures that programs can use for universal screening, progress monitoring, intervention decision-making, and accountability. Prior to the COVID-19 pandemic, IGDIs were administered and scored exclusively in person by certified early educators. Because of COVID-19, EI/ECSE practitioners could no longer conduct in-person assessments. We report how two early intervention programs implemented IGDIs using remote protocols that included (a) preparation of parents for IGDI administration at home, (b) session observation by program staff using videoconferencing, and (c) remote coding of the child’s performance by program staff when interacting with a parent/caregiver play partner using the standard toy set. The remote protocols are described, and uptake by the programs is compared before and during the pandemic. Equivalence of children’s scores from in-person versus remote protocols is reported, as well as caregivers’ and program staff’s preferences. Implications for remote early childhood services are discussed.
Factors Associated with Stalking Duration Among a Nationally Representative Sample: Results from the 2010 National Intimate Partner and Sexual Violence Survey
Authors: Hayes Brittany E. , Kopp Phillip M.
Published: November 2021

The current study examined the duration of stalking episodes among a nationally representative sample. Analyses of the National Intimate Partner and Sexual Violence Survey estimated if the victim–perpetrator relationship and other types of victimization experienced were associated with (a) if the stalking episode lasted over a year ( N = 1,509) and (b) the length of stalking episodes, in days, for episodes <1 year ( N = 506). Findings indicate coercive control was associated with higher odds the stalking episode lasted over a year and increased the length of episodes lasting <1 year. The intersection of stalking and coercive control is discussed.
Effect of argon-enriched modified atmosphere on the over quality and bioactive compounds of ready-to-use broccoli rabe (Brassica rapa sylvestris L. var. esculenta) during the storage
Authors: Loredana Liguori , Francesca Malvano , Florinda Fratianni , Filomena Nazzaro , Paola Orilio , Donatella Albanese
Published: November 2021

This study evaluated the effect of argon-enriched modified atmosphere on the storage extension of ready-to-use broccoli rabe in leaf. Broccoli rabe samples ( Brassica rapa sylvestris L. var. esculenta) were packaged in 90% argon and 10% O2 (modified atmosphere packaging 1); 80% argon, 10% CO2 and 10% O2 (modified atmosphere packaging 2) and evaluated for the physicochemical characteristics, microbiological parameters and bioactive compounds (glucosinolates) during the cold storage for 9 days. Results showed significant maintenance of colour, chlorophyll, phenols content and antioxidant activity in modified atmosphere packaging packages with respect to air control ones. An increasing biosynthesis of glucosinolates was observed in all packages to the inductive effect of CO2 produced; the amount of minerals unchanged during the storage. Overall appearance and odour evaluation pointed out a positive effect of argon atmospheres, in particular modified atmosphere packaging 1, for the keeping of the sensory attributes compared to those evaluated in air packaging.