bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
SINTESIS MEMBRAN SELULOSA TERMODIFIKASI NA2EDTA DARI BAGASE TEBU UNTUK ADSORPSI LOGAM Pb
Authors: Nafi’ah Rohmatun , Primadevi Susan
Published: January 2022

ABSTRAK Selulosa merupakan bahan dasar membran ultrafiltrasi yang sekarang banyak dikembangkan. Keunggulan selulosa dibandingkan senyawa lain dalam pembuatan membran yaitu senyawa selulosa tersebar secara luas di alam, murah, jumlahnya melimpah, mudah diperoleh, dan dapat mengembang di air. Namun, serat selulosa yang belum dimodifikasi memiliki kemampuan adsorpsi logam berat yang rendah.  Pada penelitian ini dilakukan modifikasi pada membran selulosa dari ampas tebu dengan Na2EDTA yang dijadikan sebagai adsorben yang bertujuan untuk memperoleh daya kemampuan pengikatan logam Pb oleh membran selulosa. Proses pembuatan membran selulosa meliputi tahap Isolasi selulosa, tahap sintesis membran selulosa, dan tahap pencetakan membran. Proses Isolasi selulosa menggunakan metode Sokletasi. Proses sintesis membran selulosa, Serbuk selulosa murni ditimbang sebanyak 2 gram, dimasukkan ke dalam beker glass. Kemudian ditambahkan 20 mL asam sulfat 2 M dan diaduk homogen selama 30 menit sambil dipanaskan di atas hot plate stirrer suhu 45°C. Campuran tadi ditambahkan Na2EDTA sebanyak 52 mg, diaduk homogen selama 20 menit menggunakan magnetic stirrer. Selanjutnya dilakukan uji analisis kualitatif (FTIR) dan Uji kuantitatif dengan kajian adsorpsi membran selulosa terhadap logam Pb. Hasil penelitian didapatkan nilai susut pengeringan simplisia bagase tebu sebesar 59,37%.  Rata-rata penentuan kadar air simplisia bagase tebu dengan replikasi 3 kali adalah 7,461%, Kadar abu simplisia bagase tebu diperoleh sebesar 9,205%. Nilai kapasitas adsorpsi yang paling optimal yaitu pada variasi pH 3 yaitu sebesar 1,875 mg/gram. Kata Kunci: Membran Selulosa, Bagase Tebu, Adsorben, Logam Pb
Infection néonatale bactérienne précoce à localisation méningée : à propos de 57 nouveau-nés marocains
Authors: Hattoufi K. , Kharbach A. , Barkat A.
Published: January 2022

Introduction : La méningite bactérienne est l’une des plus graves infections néonatales bactériennes précoces. Elle est à l’origine des complications redoutables, dont les séquelles psychomotrices et neurosensorielles sont souvent irréversibles.

Objectifs : Décrire les caractéristiques des méningites néonatales bactériennes précoces chez un groupe de nouveaunés marocains.

Méthodes : Ont été inclus tous les nouveau-nés hospitalisés, au Centre national de référence en néonatologie et en nutrition de l’hôpital d’Enfants du centre hospitalier universitaire de Rabat, pour prise en charge d’une méningite bactérienne précoce. Après avoir sélectionné les dossiers des nouveau-nés, une fiche d’exploitation a été remplie pour chaque cas.

Résultats : Le diagnostic de méningite a été retenu chez 57 (5 %) nouveau-nés. Lors de l’admission, 32 % des nouveaunés avaient un âge inférieur à 24 heures. La protéine C-réactive était positive chez 56 nouveau-nés (98 %). La valeur moyenne de la CRP était de 54 ± 31 mg/l. Les nouveau-nés symptomatiques ont représenté 54 % des cas. L’examen du liquide céphalorachidien prélevé par ponction lombaire a été effectué.

Conclusion : L’absence de signe clinique spécifique de la méningite néonatale bactérienne précoce incite le praticien à se fonder sur un faisceau d’arguments cliniques et biologiques afin d’établir le bon diagnostic et prendre en charge le nouveau-né à risque dans un bref délai.
Use of surgical video–based automated performance metrics to predict blood loss and success of simulated vascular injury control in neurosurgery: a pilot study
Authors: Pangal Dhiraj J. , Kugener Guillaume , Cardinal Tyler , Lechtholz-Zey Elizabeth , Collet Casey , Lasky Sasha , Sundaram Shivani , Zhu Yichao , Roshannai Arman , Chan Justin , Sinha Aditya , Hung Andrew J. , Anandkumar Animashree , Zada Gabriel , Donoho Daniel A.
Published: January 2022

OBJECTIVE

Experts can assess surgeon skill using surgical video, but a limited number of expert surgeons are available. Automated performance metrics (APMs) are a promising alternative but have not been created from operative videos in neurosurgery to date. The authors aimed to evaluate whether video-based APMs can predict task success and blood loss during endonasal endoscopic surgery in a validated cadaveric simulator of vascular injury of the internal carotid artery.

METHODS

Videos of cadaveric simulation trials by 73 neurosurgeons and otorhinolaryngologists were analyzed and manually annotated with bounding boxes to identify the surgical instruments in the frame. APMs in five domains were defined—instrument usage, time-to-phase, instrument disappearance, instrument movement, and instrument interactions—on the basis of expert analysis and task-specific surgical progressions. Bounding-box data of instrument position were then used to generate APMs for each trial. Multivariate linear regression was used to test for the associations between APMs and blood loss and task success (hemorrhage control in less than 5 minutes). The APMs of 93 successful trials were compared with the APMs of 49 unsuccessful trials.

RESULTS

In total, 29,151 frames of surgical video were annotated. Successful simulation trials had superior APMs in each domain, including proportionately more time spent with the key instruments in view (p < 0.001) and less time without hemorrhage control (p = 0.002). APMs in all domains improved in subsequent trials after the participants received personalized expert instruction. Attending surgeons had superior instrument usage, time-to-phase, and instrument disappearance metrics compared with resident surgeons (p < 0.01). APMs predicted surgeon performance better than surgeon training level or prior experience. A regression model that included APMs predicted blood loss with an R2 value of 0.87 (p < 0.001).

CONCLUSIONS

Video-based APMs were superior predictors of simulation trial success and blood loss than surgeon characteristics such as case volume and attending status. Surgeon educators can use APMs to assess competency, quantify performance, and provide actionable, structured feedback in order to improve patient outcomes. Validation of APMs provides a benchmark for further development of fully automated video assessment pipelines that utilize machine learning and computer vision.
Long-term efficacy of vestibular neurotomy in disabling Ménière’s disease and Tumarkin drop attacks
Authors: Véleine Yohanan , Brenet Esteban , Labrousse Marc , Chays André , Bazin Arnaud , Kleiber Jean-Charles , Dubernard Xavier
Published: January 2022

OBJECTIVE

When Ménière’s disease (MD) becomes disabling due to the frequency of attacks or the appearance of drop attacks (i.e., Tumarkin otolithic crisis) despite "conservative" medical and surgical treatments, a radical treatment like vestibular neurotomy (VN) is possible. An ideal MD treatment would relieve symptoms immediately and persist after the therapy. The aim of this study was to identify if VN was effective after 10 years of follow-up regarding vertigo and drop attacks, and to collect the immediate complications.

METHODS

The authors report a retrospective, single-center (i.e., in a single tertiary referral center with otoneurological surgery activity) cohort study conducted from January 2003 to April 2020. All patients with unilateral disabling MD who had received a VN with at least 10 years of follow-up were included. The therapeutic efficacy was defined by complete disappearance of vertigo and drop attacks. The postoperative complications (CSF leak, total deafness, meningitis, death) were determined immediately after the surgery, and the hearing thresholds were determined during the patient follow-up with the pure tone average (PTA).

RESULTS

A total of 74 patients (of 85 who were eligible), average age 51.9 ± 11.1 years, including 38 men (51.4%), with disabling MD and/or Tumarkin drop attacks (24.3%) received VN, with at least 10 years of follow-up after surgery. After an average follow-up of 12.4 ± 1.7 years (range 10.0–16.3 years), 67 patients (90.5%) no longer presented any vertiginous attacks, and no patient experienced drop attack. The mean variation in early pre- and postoperative PTA was not statistically significant (n = 64, 2.2 ± 10.3 decibels hearing level [range −18 to 29], 95% CI [−0.4 to 4.37]; p = 0.096), and 84.4% of the patients evaluated had unchanged or improved postoperative PTA. Three significant complications were noted, including two surgical revisions for CSF leak. There was no permanent facial paralysis, meningitis, or death.

CONCLUSIONS

In case of disabling MD (disabling vertigo refractory to conservative vestibular treatments—Tumarkin drop attacks), VN via the retrosigmoid approach must be the prioritized proposal in comparison to intratympanic gentamicin injections, because of the extremely low complication rate and the immediate and long-lasting effect of this treatment on vertigo and falls.
The life and legacy of William Beecher Scoville
Authors: Wang Andy Y. , Liu Diang , Tingen Joseph N. , Saini Harleen , Sharma Vaishnavi , Flores Alexandra , Riesenburger Ron I.
Published: January 2022

Dr. William Beecher Scoville (1906–1984) is a giant figure in the history of neurosurgery, well known by the public for his operation on Patient H.M. He developed dozens of neurosurgical instruments and techniques, with many tools named after him that are still widely used today. He founded numerous neurosurgical societies around the world. He led the movement in psychosurgery, developing the technique of selective orbital undercutting and performing hundreds of lobotomies throughout his career. However, his many contributions to the advancement of neurosurgery have not been well described in the medical literature. To bridge the knowledge gap, this article seeks to detail the life and career of William Beecher Scoville and bring to attention the enduring impact of his work.
Resection and radiotherapy for intracranial ependymoma: a multiinstitutional 50-year experience
Authors: Zuccato Jeffrey A. , Algan Ozer , Nair Vimoj J. , Gunter Tyler , Glenn Chad A. , Dunn Ian F. , Fung Kar-Ming , Shultz David B. , Zadeh Gelareh , Laperriere Normand , Tsang Derek S.
Published: January 2022

OBJECTIVE

Maximal safe resection is the standard-of-care treatment for adults with intracranial ependymoma. The value of adjuvant radiotherapy remains unclear as these tumors are rare and current data are limited to a few retrospective cohort studies. In this study, the authors assembled a cohort of patients across multiple international institutions to assess the utility of adjuvant radiotherapy in this patient population.

METHODS

Adults with intracranial ependymoma managed surgically at the University Health Network in Toronto, Canada, the University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center in Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, and The Ottawa Hospital in Ottawa, Canada, were included in this study. The primary end points were progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS). Clinicopathological variables were assessed in univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazard models for prognostic significance of PFS and OS.

RESULTS

A total of 122 patients diagnosed between 1968 and 2019 were identified for inclusion. The majority of patients had grade II ependymomas on histopathology (78%) that were infratentorially located (71%), underwent gross-total (GTR) or near-total resection (NTR; 55%), and were treated with adjuvant radiotherapy (67%). A volumetric analysis of the extent of resection in 49 patients with available tumor volume data supported the accuracy of the categorical GTR, NTR, and subtotal resection (STR) groups utilized. Independent statistically significant predictors of poorer PFS in the multivariate analysis included STR or biopsy (vs GTR/NTR; HR 5.4, 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.4–11.0, p < 0.0001) and not receiving adjuvant radiotherapy; cranial (HR 0.5, 95% CI 0.2–1.1) and craniospinal (HR 0.2, 95% CI 0.04–0.5) adjuvant radiotherapy regimens improved PFS (p = 0.0147). Predictors of poorer OS in the multivariate analysis were grade III histopathology (vs grade II: HR 5.7, 95% CI 1.6–20.2, p = 0.0064) and undergoing a biopsy/STR (vs GTR/NTR: HR 9.8, 95% CI 3.2–30.1, p = 0.0001).

CONCLUSIONS

The results of this 50-year experience in treating adult intracranial ependymomas confirm an important role for maximal safe resection (ideally GTR or NTR) and demonstrate that adjuvant radiotherapy improves PFS. This work will guide future studies as testing for molecular ependymoma alterations become incorporated into routine clinical practice.
Dumbbell-shaped pituitary adenomas: prognostic factors for prediction of tumor nondescent of the supradiaphragmal component from a multicenter series
Authors: Micko Alexander S. G. , Keritam Omar , Marik Wolfgang , Strickland Ben A. , Briggs Robert G. , Shahrestani Shane , Cardinal Tyler , Knosp Engelbert , Zada Gabriel , Wolfsberger Stefan
Published: January 2022

OBJECTIVE

Dumbbell-shaped pituitary adenomas (DSPAs) are a subgroup of macroadenomas with suprasellar extension that are characterized by a smaller diameter at the level of the diaphragma sellae opening compared with the supradiaphragmal tumor component (SDTC). Hence, DSPAs may be particularly prone to a nondescending suprasellar tumor component and risk for residual tumor or postoperative bleeding.

METHODS

A multicenter retrospective cohort analysis of 99 patients with DSPA operated on via direct endoscopic endonasal transsphenoidal approach between 2011 and 2020 was conducted. Patient recruitment was performed at two tertiary care centers (Medical University of Vienna and University of Southern California) with expertise in endoscopic skull base surgery. DSPA was defined as having a smaller diameter at the level of the diaphragma sellae compared with the SDTC.

RESULTS

On preoperative MRI, all DSPAs were macroadenomas (maximum diameter range 17–71 mm, volume range 2–88 cm3). Tumor descent was found in 73 (74%) of 99 patients (group A), and nondescent in 26 (26%) of 99 patients (group B) intraoperatively. DSPAs in group A had a significantly smaller diameter (30 vs 42 mm, p < 0.001) and significantly smaller volume (10 vs 22 cm3, p < 0.001) than those in group B. The ratio of the minimum area at the level of the diaphragmal opening in comparison with the maximum area of the suprasellar tumor component ("neck-to-dome area") was significantly lower in group A than in group B (1.7 vs 2.7, p < 0.001). Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis revealed an area under the curve of 0.75 (95% CI 0.63–0.87). At a cutoff ratio of 1.9, the sensitivity and specificity for a nondescending suprasellar tumor component were 77% and 34%, respectively.

CONCLUSIONS

In the present study, the neck-to-dome area ratio was of prognostic value for prediction of intraoperative tumor nondescent in DSPAs operated on via a direct endonasal endoscopic approach. Pituitary adenoma SDTC nondescent carried the inherent risk of hemorrhagic transformation in all cases.
The application of augmented reality–based navigation for accurate target acquisition of deep brain sites: advances in neurosurgical guidance
Authors: Gibby Wendell , Cvetko Steve , Gibby Andrew , Gibby Conrad , Sorensen Kiel , Andrews Edward G. , Maroon Joseph , Parr Ryan
Published: January 2022

OBJECTIVE

The objective of this study is to quantify the navigational accuracy of an advanced augmented reality (AR)–based guidance system for neurological surgery, biopsy, and/or other minimally invasive neurological surgical procedures.

METHODS

Five burr holes were drilled through a plastic cranium, and 5 optical fiducials (AprilTags) printed with CT-visible ink were placed on the frontal, temporal, and parietal bones of a human skull model. Three 0.5-mm-diameter targets were mounted in the interior of the skull on nylon posts near the level of the tentorium cerebelli and the pituitary fossa. The skull was filled with ballistic gelatin to simulate brain tissue. A CT scan was taken and virtual needle tracts were annotated on the preoperative 3D workstation for the combination of 3 targets and 5 access holes (15 target tracts). The resulting annotated study was uploaded to and launched by VisAR software operating on the HoloLens 2 holographic visor by viewing an encrypted, printed QR code assigned to the study by the preoperative workstation. The DICOM images were converted to 3D holograms and registered to the skull by alignment of the holographic fiducials with the AprilTags attached to the skull. Five volunteers, familiar with the VisAR, used the software/visor combination to navigate an 18-gauge needle/trocar through the series of burr holes to the target, resulting in 70 data points (15 for 4 users and 10 for 1 user). After each attempt the needle was left in the skull, supported by the ballistic gelatin, and a high-resolution CT was taken. Radial error and angle of error were determined using vector coordinates. Summary statistics were calculated individually and collectively.

RESULTS

The combined angle of error of was 2.30° ± 1.28°. The mean radial error for users was 3.62 ± 1.71 mm. The mean target depth was 85.41 mm.

CONCLUSIONS

The mean radial error and angle of error with the associated variance measures demonstrates that VisAR navigation may have utility for guiding a small needle to neural lesions, or targets within an accuracy of 3.62 mm. These values are sufficiently accurate for the navigation of many neurological procedures such as ventriculostomy.
Disability in Leprosy: Daily Activities and Social Participation in Indonesia
Authors: Solikhah Fitriana Kurniasari
Published: January 2022

ABSTRACT Leprosy is one of the eight neglected diseases. The purpose of this study was to explain the effect of leprosy disability on daily physical activity, and social participation of leprosy clients in Malang and Sumberglagah Hospital, Mojokerto. The study used a cross sectional design. Respondents amounted to 100 people who have met the inclusion and exclusion criteria with purposive sampling technique. Data analysis used Rho Spearman test to measure activity and participation variables. Spearman Rho test for leprosy on activity limitations showed p = 0.000. Spearman Rho test of leprosy on limited participation showed p = 0.000. Activities are limited, and participation is mostly due to the degree 2 disability experienced. The second most common disability conditions are curly fingers, deformities, and foot ulcers. Preventive efforts of the health office, especially the health centre, should provide health promotion media through the provision of foot exercises.
AKTIVITAS ANTIBAKTERI INFUSA DAUN LIDAH BUAYA (Aloe vera L) TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN Staphylococcus aureus DAN Escherichia coli
Authors: Widyastuti Yuni , Yuliani Nia , Widhyastini I.G.A. Manik
Published: January 2022

Antibacterial Activity of Infused Aloe Vera Leaf (Aloe Vera L) on Growth Of Stapylococcus aureus and Escherichia coliDisinfectants may act as antibacterials. Aloe vera (Aloe vera L) is one of the plants that is often used by the community as a medicinal plant that has many active compounds such as lignin, saponin and anthraquinone substances that act as antibacterial. This study aims to determine the antibacterial activity of Aloe vera leaf extracted with infusa method on the growth of Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli bacteria. The research method is to see the reduction / reduction of bacterial count (% reduction) after 30 second and 60 second with disc diffusion method. The results showed decrease or decrease of bacteria count (% reduction) to Escherichia coli bacteria found in aloe leaf skin infected by 28,2% after 60 seconds. While decrease or decrease of bacteria amount (% reduction) to Staphyloccocus uareus bacteria infusa mixture of meat and skin of Aloe vera leaves of 27.5% after 60 seconds. Antibacterial test of aloe vera leaf aloe (Aloe veraL) of 100% concentration by disc diffusion method did not show any inhibition zone around cultures of test bacteria.Keywords: Aloe vera, antibacterial activity, Staphylococcus aureus, and Escherichia coli, Infusa.ABSTRAKDesinfektan dapat berfungsi sebagai antibakteri. Lidah buaya (Aloe vera L) merupakan salah satu tanaman yang sering digunakan masyarakat sebagai tanaman obat yang memiliki banyak senyawa aktif seperti lignin, saponin dan antrakuinon yaitu zat yang berfungsi sebagai antibakteri. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui aktivitas antibakteri daun lidah buaya (Aloe vera L) yang diekstrak dengan metode infusa terhadap pertumbuhan bakteri Staphylococcus aureus dan Escherichia coli. Metode penelitian yaitu dengan melihat penurunan/pengurangan jumlah bakteri (% reduksi) setelah waktu 30 detik dan 60 detik dengan metode difusi cakram. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan penurunan atau pengurangan jumlah bakteri (% reduksi) terhadap bakteri Escherichia coli terdapat pada infusa kulit daun lidah buaya yaitu sebesar 28,2 % setelah waktu 60 detik.Sedangkan penurunan atau pengurangan jumlah bakteri (% reduksi) terhadap bakteri Staphyloccocus uareus terdapat pada infusa campuran daging dan kulit daun lidah buaya yaitu sebesar 27,5 % setelah waktu 60 detik. Uji antibakteri infusa daun lidah buaya (Aloe veraL) konsentrasi 100% dengan metode difusi cakram tidak menunjukkan adanya zona penghambatan disekitar biakan bakteri uji.Kata kunci : Lidah buaya, Aktivitas antibakteri, Staphylococcus aureus, dan   Escherichia coli,   Infusa.
OPTIMASI PENAMBAHAN MADU SEBAGAI ZAT ANTI BAKTERI Staphylococcus aureus, PADA PRODUK SABUN MANDI CAIR
Authors: Raisa Alvera , Srikandi Srikandi , Hutagaol Ricson P.
Published: January 2022

Optimization of the Addition of Honey as an agent of an Anti bacterial Agent Staphylococcus aureus in Production of Shower liquid soapThe study was begun with making the basic shower liquid soap, then aditing the honey with a variety of different concentrations. In this study, the addition of honey were 0%; 2,5%; 5%; 7,5%; 10%; 12,5% and 15%. After that tested the effectiveness of antibacterial agent microbiology. Then analyzing physical and chemical properties of liquid soap in accordance with SNI 06-4085-1996. The parameters tested were pH, viscosity, and density, test quantity foam, and test preferences. Optimal concentration of the addition of honey in a liquid bath soap to be able to inhibit the growth of Staphylococcus aureus are at the level of 10%. When compared with Triclosan soap, shower liquid soap with the addition of honey 5% could compete with antibacterial properties of triclosan soap using a concentration of 0.3%. The addition of honey with various concentrations of honey affect the physical and chemical properties of liquid soap such as pH, viscosity, density, and the amount of foam.Keywords: Liquid Soap, Honey and bacteria Staphylococcus aureus   ABSTRAKPenelitian dimulai dengan melakukan pembuatan dasar sabun mandi cair, kemudian dilakukan penambahan madu dengan berbagai konsentrasi berbeda. Dalam penelitian ini dilakukan penambahan madu sampai lebih dari 5% yaitu 0%; 2,5%; 5%; 7,5%; 10%; 12,5% dan 15%. Setelah itu dilakukan uji efektifitas dari zat antibakteri secara mikrobiologi. Kemudian dilakukan analisis terhadap sifat fisika dan kimia sabun mandi cair sesuai dengan SNI 06-4085-1996.  Parameter yang diuji adalah pH, viskositas, dan berat jenis, uji banyak busa, dan uji kesukaan. Konsentrasi optimal penambahan madu pada sabun mandi cair untuk bisa menghambat pertumbuhan bakteri Staphylococcus aureus adalah pada taraf 10%. Bila dibandingkan dengan sabun Triclosan, sabun mandi cair dengan penambahan madu 5% dapat menyaingi sifat antibakteri dari sabun yang menggunakan Triclosan dengan konsentrasi 0,3%. Penambahan madu dengan berbagai konsentrasi berpengaruh kepada sifat fisika dan kimia dari sabun mandi cair seperti pH, viskositas, berat jenis, serta jumlah busa.Kata kunci :  Sabun Mandi Cair, Madu dan Bakteri Staphylococcus aureus
HIDROLISIS ASAM PADA TEPUNG PATI UBI JALAR PUTIH (Ipomoea batatas L.) DALAM PEMBUATAN GULA CAIR
Authors: Sutamihardja RTM , Yuliani Nia , Laelasari Hana , Susanty Devy
Published: January 2022

Acid Hydrolysis on The Starch Flour of white sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas L.) in Making of Liquid SugarNational sugar needs for both direct consumption and for industrial needs will continue to increase as the population increases. According to Dirjenbun, in 2014 the national sugar demand reaches 5.7 million tons. Consisting of 2.8 million tons of white crystalline sugar for direct community consumption and 2.9 million tons of refined crystal sugar to meet industrial needs. White sweet potato can be used as raw material for making liquid glucose through hydrolysis process with acid (HCl). The preparation of liquid glucose consists of two stages: gelatinization stage and hydrolysis stage. Optimum hydrolysis was determined by variations in HCl concentration of 0.25; 0.5; and 0.75 N and time variations of 30, 60, and 90 minutes. The yield of sweet potato starch was 28.82% and the highest yield of hydrolysis result of white sweet potato starch was 94.07% at acid concentration 0.75 N with hydrolysis time 90 minutes.Keywords: white sweet potato, Flour of white sweet potato, liquid sugar, acid hydrolysisABSTRAKKebutuhan gula nasional baik untuk konsumsi langsung maupun untuk kebutuhan industri akan terus meningkat sejalan dengan meningkatnya jumlah penduduk. Menurut Dirjenbun, pada tahun 2014 kebutuhan gula nasional mencapai 5,7 juta ton yang terdiri dari 2,8 juta ton gula kristal putih untuk konsumsi masyarakat langsung dan 2,9 juta ton gula kristal rafinasi untuk memenuhi kebutuhan industri. Ubi jalar putih dapat dijadikan bahan baku pembuatan glukosa cair melalui proses hidrolisis dengan asam (HCl). Pembuatan glukosa cair terdiri dari dua tahap yaitu tahap gelatinisasi dan tahap hidrolisis. Hidrolisis optimum ditentukan dengan variasi konsentrasi HCl yaitu 0,25; 0,5; dan 0,75 N dan variasi waktu 30, 60, dan 90 menit. Rendemen pati ubi jalar didapatkan sebesar 28,82% dan rendemen glukosa tertinggi hasil hidrolisis pati ubi jalar putih sebesar 94,07% pada konsentrasi asam 0,75 N dengan waktu hidrolisis 90 menit.Kata kunci: Ubi jalar putih, Tepung Pati Ubi Jalar Putih, Gula cair, hidrolisis asam
ISOLASI DAN ANALISIS ASAM LEMAK Scenedesmus quadricauda YANG DIISOLASI DARI AIR KOLAM
Authors: Susanty Devy
Published: January 2022

Isolation and Fatty Acid Analysis of Scenedesmus quadricauda from freshwaterMicroalgae have fast growth rate and fatty acids which potential as bioenergy. In addition, microalgae are also living with binding carbon dioxide for photosynthesis, so as to reduce air pollution. In this study, samples were taken from the freshwater, Sawahan, Padang, West Sumatra. Nile red staining performed on the samples to see the potential of lipid content. Microalgae having lipid content were isolated using the capillary pipette technique then it was identified using a microscope. Isolated microalgae was identified as Scenedesmus quadricauda. Microalgae growth measured by optical density value. It cultivated in different concentrations of NaNO3 to see the effect of the amount of nitrogen on the growth. Scenedesmus quadricauda grew well at a concentration of 0.5 g / L NaNO3. Fatty acid analysis was done by using GC-MS. Scenedesmus quadricauda had several types of fatty acids. The most abundant fatty acid in Scenedesmus quadricaudawas C18: 1.Keywords: Microalgae, Scenedesmus quadricauda, Nile red staining, Isolation, Fatty acid ABSTRAKMikroalga memiliki laju pertumbuhan yang cepat dan mengandung asam lemak sehingga berpotensi sebagai bioenergi. Selain itu, mikroalga juga hidup dengan mengikat karbondioksia untuk proses fotosintesis, sehingga mampu mengurangi pencemaran udara. Pada penelitian ini, sampel mikroalga diambil dari air kolam dari daerah Sawahan, Padang, Sumatera Barat. Pewarnaan nilered dilakukan terhadap sampel untuk melihat potensi kandungan lipid. Mikroalga yang memiliki kandungan lipid diisolasi dengan menggunakan teknik pipet kapiler, kemudian isolat diidentifikasi secara morfologi dengan menggunakan mikroskop. Isolat yang diperoleh diidentifikasi sebagai Scenedesmus quadricauda. Isolat dikultivasi dalam Bold Bassal Medium (BBM). Pertumbuhan mikroalga diukur dengan melihat nilai optical density. Isolat dikultivasi dalam berbagai konsentrasi NaNO3 untuk melihat pengaruh jumlah nitrogen terhadap pertumbuhannya. Scenedesmus quadricauda tumbuh dengan baik pada konsentrasi 0,5 g/L NaNO3. Analisa asam lemak dilakukan dengan menggunakan GC-MS. Pada Scenedesmus quadricauda ditemukan beberapa jenis asam lemak. Asam lemak yang paling banyak terkandung pada mikroalga ini yaitu C18:1.Kata kunci: Mikroalga, Scenedesmus quadricauda, Pewarnaan nile red, Isolasi, Asam lemak
UJI SIFAT FISIKA-KIMIA DAN IDENTIFIKASI FENIL ETIL ALKOHOL MINYAK ATSIRI BUNGA MAWAR HASIL EKSTRAKSI PELARUT
Authors: Malasari Nur , Sutamihardja RTM , Syawaalz Amry
Published: January 2022

Test of Physical and chemical Properties  and Identification of Phenyl Ethyl Alcohol of Essential Oil Roses from Solvent ExtractionThe technology of extraction of roses oil currently is developed in small scale industries through distillation. However, this technology has many disadvantages. To overcome these obstacles, it is necessary to do research by using solvent extraction vapor (solvent extraction).This study was conducted to determine the type of solvent and the right ratio of solvent to obtain the highest "concrete" and "absolute" yields on the extraction of roses. The solvents chosen in this study were n-hexane, petroleum ether and ethanol with a ratio of 1: 3, 1: 4 and 1: 5 w / v. The 1: 5 w / v n-hexane solvent was the right solvent for extracting roses with the highest "concrete" and "absolute" yield levels for the perfume making of 0.85% and 0.07%. The main chemical component of rose essential oil detected by KGSM is phenyl ethyl alcohol with the highest phenyl ethyl alcohol content found in "absolute" of 1: 4 w / v n-hexane extraction of 6.53%.Keywords: Rose Flower, Essential Oil, Ekstraksi pelarutABSTRAK Teknologi ekstraksi minyak bunga mawar saat ini yang berkembang pada industri skala kecil yaitu penyulingan. Namun, teknologi ini memiliki banyak kelemahan. Untuk mengatasi kendala tersebut, maka perlu dilakukan penelitian dengan menggunakan ekstraksi pelarut mudah menguap (solvent extraction). Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui  jenis pelarut dan perbandingan pelarut yang tepat untuk memperoleh rendemen “concrete” dan “absolut” tertinggi pada hasil ekstraksi bunga mawar. Pelarut yang dipilih pada penelitian ini adalah  n-heksana, petroleum eter dan etanol dengan perbandingan 1:3, 1:4 dan 1:5 b/v. Pelarut n-heksana 1:5 b/v  adalah pelarut yang tepat untuk mengekstraksi bunga mawar dengan kadar rendemen “concrete” dan “absolut”  tertinggi untuk pembuatan parfum sebesar  0,85 % dan 0,07%. Komponen kimia utama minyak atsiri bunga mawar yang terdeteksi oleh KGSM adalah fenil etil alkohol dengan kadar fenil etil alkohol tertinggi terdapat pada “absolut” hasil ekstraksi n-heksana 1:4 b/v sebanyak 6,53%.Kata kunci: Bunga Mawar, Minyak Atsiri, Solvent Extraction
Three Decades of Environmental Values: Some Personal Reflections
Authors: Spash Clive L.
Published: January 2022

The journal Environmental Values is thirty years old. In this retrospective, as the retiring Editor-in-Chief, I provide a set of personal reflections on the changing landscape of scholarship in the field. This historical overview traces developments from the journal's origins in debates between philosophers, sociologists, and economists in the UK to the conflicts over policy on climate change, biodiversity/non-humans and sustainability. Along the way various negative influences are mentioned, relating to how the values of Nature are considered in policy, including mainstream environmental economics, naïve environmental pragmatism, the strategic role of corporations, neoliberalism and eco-modernism/techno-optimism. At the same time core value debates around intrinsic value in Nature and instrumentalism remain relevant, along with how plural environmental values can be articulated and acted upon. Naturalness, human relations to non-humans, and Nature as other, remain central considerations. The broadening of issues covered by the journal (e.g. covering social psychology, sociology and political science), reflect the need to address both human behaviour and the structure of social and economic systems to confront ongoing social-ecological crises.
Robust Pharmacodynamic Effect of LY3202626, a Central Nervous System Penetrant, Low Dose BACE1 Inhibitor, in Humans and Nonclinical Species
Authors: Willis Brian A. , Lowe Stephen L. , Monk Scott A. , Cocke Patrick J. , Aluise Christopher D. , Boggs Leonard N. , Borders Anthony R. , Brier Richard A. , Dean Robert A. , Green Steven J. , James Douglas E. , Jhee Stanford S. , Lin Qun , Lo Albert C. , May Patrick C. , Watson Brian M. , Winneroski Leonard L. , Yang Zhixiang , Zimmer Jennifer A. , McKinzie David L. , Mergott Dustin J.
Published: January 2022

Background:

The development of beta-site amyloid-beta precursor protein cleaving enzyme (BACE) 1 inhibitors for the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease requires optimization of inhibitor potency, selectivity, and brain penetration. Moreover, there is a need for low-dose compounds since liver toxicity was found with some BACE inhibitors.

Objective:

To determine whether the high in vitro potency and robust pharmacodynamic effect of the BACE inhibitor LY3202626 observed in nonclinical species translated to humans.

Methods:

The effect of LY3202626 versus vehicle on amyloid-β (Aβ) levels was evaluated in a series of in vitro assays, as well as in in vivo and multi-part clinical pharmacology studies. Aβ levels were measured using analytical biochemistry assays in brain, plasma, and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of mice, dogs and humans. Nonclinical data were analyzed using an ANOVA followed by Tukey’s post hoc test and clinical data used summary statistics.

Results:

LY3202626 exhibited significant human BACE1 inhibition, with an IC50 of 0.615±0.101 nM in a fluorescence resonance energy transfer assay and an EC50 of 0.275±0.176 nM for lowering Aβ1–40 and 0.228±0.244 nM for Aβ1–42 in PDAPP neuronal cultures. In dogs, CSF Aβ1hboxx concentrations were significantly reduced by ∼80% at 9 hours following a 1.5 mg/kg dose. In humans, CSF Aβ1–42 was reduced by 73.1±7.96 % following administration of 6 mg QD. LY3202626 was found to freely cross the blood-brain barrier in dogs and humans.

Conclusion:

LY3202626 is a potent BACE1 inhibitor with high blood-brain barrier permeability. The favorable safety and pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic profile of LY3202626 supports further clinical development.
The diagnostic value of contrast-enhanced ultrasound for cervical tuberculous lymphadenitis
Authors: Zhao Dan , He Ning , Shao Ya-Qin , Yu Xiu-Lei , Chu Jie , Yang Gaoyi
Published: January 2022

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the value of contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) for the diagnosis of cervical tuberculous lymphadenitis (CTL). METHODS: The cohort study included 203 consecutive patients diagnosed with cervical lymph node. Before pathological or laboratory confirmation, all patients underwent CEUS examination, and the imaging findings were analyzed afterward. The diagnostic efficiency of the CEUS imaging findings of CTL was evaluated. RESULTS: Nighty-seven patients of the 203 (47.8%) were pathologically or laboratory confirmed with a CTL diagnosis while the remainder (52.2%) were diagnosed with non-tuberculous lymphadenitis. Regarding the imaging findings of CEUS, it was more common in CTL patients to find a pattern of heterogeneous enhancement inside the lymph nodes relative to non-tuberculous patients [81.44% (79/97) vs 15.09% (16/106), P < 0.01]. The sensitivity of the feature in diagnosis for CTL was 81.44% and the specificity was 84.91%, resepectively. Furthermore, a pattern of peripheral rim-like enhancement had been notable in CTL patients compared with non-tuberculous patients [86.60% (84/97) vs 12.26% (13/106), P < 0.01], associating with a diagnostic sensitivity of 86.60% and a specificity of 87.74%. When it came to the combination of both imaging findings mentioned above, the features were more prominent in CTL patients than compared with non-tuberculous patients [74.23% (72/97) vs 5.66% (6/106), P < 0.01], with a diagnostic sensitivity of 74.23% and a high specificity of 94.34%. Regarding area under curve (AUC) for the ROC analysis, the feature of internal heterogeneous enhancement, peripheral rim-like enhancement, and both features were 0.832, 0.872, and 0.843. CONCLUSIONS: CEUS patterns of heterogeneous enhancement and peripheral rim-like enhancement of lymph nodes are helpful characteristics for the diagnosis of CTL.
Dynamic endoluminal contrast enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) for display of drainages in inflammatory abdominal fluid collections1
Authors: Jung E.M. , Jung F. , Stroszczynski C. , Wiesinger I.
Published: January 2022

AIM: To evaluate the additive clinical value of endoluminal contrast enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) after interventional placement of drainages in abdominal fluid collections. MATERIAL/METHOD: Examination of 30 patients using a 1–6 MHz convex probe (Resona 7, Mindray) to locate the fluid collection in B-Mode. Additionally, dynamic endoluminal CEUS with 1 ml sulphur-hexafluoride microbubbles was performed to measure the extent of the percutaneously drained abscesses. Independent assessment of dynamically stored images in PACS in DICOM format. Correlation to reference imaging using computed tomography (CT). RESULTS: A total of 30 patients were examined (17 m, 19–78 years, mean 56.1 years). Drainages were positioned in the liver in 15 cases, in the pelvis after kidney transplantation in 4 cases, close to the spleen in 1 case, and in the abdomen in 10 cases. In all cases abscesses showed marginal hyperaemia with reactive septations in CEUS. The drainage position was assessed by means of B-mode in all cases first and then by CEUS. In 4 cases CEUS showed a fistula to the pleura, in 5 cases to the peritoneum, in 2 cases to the intestine, in 5 cases to the biliary tract, corresponding to the CT. In 2 cases there was a hint of an anastomotic leakage after intestinal anastomosis, which was reliably detected by CT. The drainage was removed in 11 cases within a period of 2 to 5 days after CEUS control, in 9 cases within a period of 5 to 10 days. Another operation was necessary in 3 cases. A new drainage was placed in 2 cases. The required amount of ultrasound contrast medium is 1 ml endoluminally diluted to 9 ml sodium chloride. CONCLUSION: CEUS facilitates the exact localization and characterization of inflammatory abdominal fluid collections. Furthermore, possible fistulas can be detected that cannot be seen with conventional ultrasound.
Four-party evolutionary game analysis of supervision for vaccine quality in major epidemics
Authors: Xie Rongjian , Jia Yucai , Wu Yuanmei , Zhang Peiyun
Published: January 2022

During major epidemics, monitoring vaccine quality can ensure the public health and social stability. Considering that social media has become an important way for the public to obtain external information during the epidemic. We developed a dual regulatory system of vaccine quality with the government in the leading role and the participation of We Media, and constructed a four-party evolutionary game model (government regulatory agency, We Media, vaccine industry groups, and the public) and analyzed the stability of each game player’s strategy choice. The system’s possible equilibrium points are identified using Lyapunov’s first law. Then the game trajectory between stakeholders is simulated by MATLAB, the effects of initial intention and parameters on the evolution process and results are analyzed. The results show that to ensure the quality and safety of vaccines and stabilize network public opinion during epidemics, the government should invest in an effective supervision mechanism. By strengthening responsibility, increasing penalties, and reducing supervision costs, the probability of vaccine industry groups providing high-quality vaccines is effectively enhanced. Restricting the behavior of We Media and supervising vaccine industry groups to reduce speculation reduces the cost of government supervision and improves its efficiency.
Path planning of patrol robot based on improved discrete electrostatic discharge algorithm
Authors: Li Yang , Chen Simeng , Bai Ke , Wang Hao
Published: January 2022

Safety is the premise of the stable and sustainable development of the chemical industry, safety accidents will not only cause casualties and economic losses, but also cause panic among workers and nearby residents. Robot safety inspection based on the fire risk level in a chemical industrial park can effectively reduce process accident losses and can even prevent accidents. The optimal inspection path is an important support for patrol efficiency, therefore, in this study, the fire risk level of each location to be inspected, which is obtained by the electrostatic discharge algorithm (ESDA)–nonparallel support vector machine evaluation model, is combined with the optimisation of the inspection path; that is, the fire risk level is used to guide the inspection path planning. The inspection path planning problem is a typical travelling salesman problem (TSP). The discrete ESDA (DESDA), based on the ESDA, is proposed. In view of the shortcomings of the long convergence time and ease of falling into the local optimum of the DESDA, further improvements are proposed in the form of the IDESDA, in which the greedy algorithm is used for the initial population, the 2-opt algorithm is applied to generate new solutions, and the elite set is joined to provide the best segment for jumping out of the local optimum. In the experiments, 11 public calculation examples were used to verify the algorithm performance. The IDESDA exhibited higher accuracy and better stability when solving the TSP. Its application to chemical industrial parks can effectively solve the path optimisation problem of patrol robots.
Advanced ant colony algorithm for high dimensional abnormal data mining in Internet of things
Authors: Wang Huixian , Zheng Hongjiang
Published: January 2022

This paper proposes a deep mining method of high-dimensional abnormal data in Internet of things based on improved ant colony algorithm. Preprocess the high-dimensional abnormal data of the Internet of things and extract the data correlation feature quantity; The ant colony algorithm is improved by updating the pheromone and state transition probability; With the help of the improved ant colony algorithm, the feature response signal of high-dimensional abnormal data in Internet of things is extracted, the judgment threshold of high-dimensional abnormal data in Internet of things is determined, and the objective function is constructed to optimize the mining depth, so as to realize the deep data mining. The results show that the average error of the proposed method is only 0.48%.
A comprehensive survey on container resource allocation approaches in cloud computing: State-of-the-art and research challenges
Authors: Netaji Vhatkar Kapil , Bhole G.P.
Published: January 2022

The allocation of resources in the cloud environment is efficient and vital, as it directly impacts versatility and operational expenses. Containers, like virtualization technology, are gaining popularity due to their low overhead when compared to traditional virtual machines and portability. The resource allocation methodologies in the containerized cloud are intended to dynamically or statically allocate the available pool of resources such as CPU, memory, disk, and so on to users. Despite the enormous popularity of containers in cloud computing, no systematic survey of container scheduling techniques exists. In this survey, an outline of the present works on resource allocation in the containerized cloud correlative is discussed. In this work, 64 research papers are reviewed for a better understanding of resource allocation, management, and scheduling. Further, to add extra worth to this research work, the performance of the collected papers is investigated in terms of various performance measures. Along with this, the weakness of the existing resource allocation algorithms is provided, which makes the researchers to investigate with novel algorithms or techniques.
Ultra-limited-angle CT image reconstruction algorithm based on reweighting and edge-preserving
Authors: Shi Lei , Qu Gangrong
Published: January 2022

BACKGROUND: Ultra-limited-angle image reconstruction problem with a limited-angle scanning range less than or equal to π 2 is severely ill-posed. Due to the considerably large condition number of a linear system for image reconstruction, it is extremely challenging to generate a valid reconstructed image by traditional iterative reconstruction algorithms. OBJECTIVE: To develop and test a valid ultra-limited-angle CT image reconstruction algorithm. METHODS: We propose a new optimized reconstruction model and Reweighted Alternating Edge-preserving Diffusion and Smoothing algorithm in which a reweighted method of improving the condition number is incorporated into the idea of AEDS image reconstruction algorithm. The AEDS algorithm utilizes the property of image sparsity to improve partially the results. In experiments, the different algorithms (the Pre-Landweber, AEDS algorithms and our algorithm) are used to reconstruct the Shepp-Logan phantom from the simulated projection data with noises and the flat object with a large ratio between length and width from the real projection data. PSNR and SSIM are used as the quantitative indices to evaluate quality of reconstructed images. RESULTS: Experiment results showed that for simulated projection data, our algorithm improves PSNR and SSIM from 22.46db to 39.38db and from 0.71 to 0.96, respectively. For real projection data, our algorithm yields the highest PSNR and SSIM of 30.89db and 0.88, which obtains a valid reconstructed result. CONCLUSIONS: Our algorithm successfully combines the merits of several image processing and reconstruction algorithms. Thus, our new algorithm outperforms significantly other two algorithms and is valid for ultra-limited-angle CT image reconstruction.
Kinesiotaping for the treatment of haematomas in haemophiliacs: a case control study
Authors: Letizia Mauro Giulia
Published: January 2022

Dalila Scaturro, Fabio Vitagliani, Mariasanta Napolitano, Gianluigi Pasta, GIUSEPPINA PASSANTINO, Fausto Arcuri, Sergio Siragusa, Michele Vecchio, Giulia Letizia Mauro

_Introduction_: Intramuscular hemorrhages are the second most common type of bleeding in patients with haemophilia. In haemophilic patients, muscle bleeding causes pain and postural defects and requires a long healing time. 

_Aim: _The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of kinesiotaping, in combination with functional rehabilitation and CO2 laser therapy, in the healing process of MH in patients with haemophilia.

_Methods:_ We recruited 39 haemophilia patients who presented with a muscle hematoma. The patients were divided into 2 groups: treatment group treated with kinesiotaping, functional re-education and CO2 laser therapy; and a control group treated with functional re-education and CO2 laser therapy. The evolution of the hematoma was studied ultrasonographically and some evaluation scales (NRS, FISH) were administered.

_Results:_ The treatment group, compared to the control group, showed significant improvements in terms of: hematoma diameter (2,36 ± 3,32 vs 6,47 ± 3,37; p <0,05), hematoma thickness (0,08 ± 0,12 vs 0,28 ± 0,14; p =0,08), pain (NRS: 2 ± 1,57 vs 3,53 ± 1,37; p <0,05) and number of days of replacement therapy (n° days: 1,3 ± 0,48 vs 3,2 ± 0,98; p <0,05). These results were shown to be superior in patients on prophylaxis. 

_Conclusions: _Kinesiotaping, associated with therapeutic exercise and physical therapy, can be a valuable aid in reducing the healing times of muscle hematomas in haemophilic patients, especially if already under prophylaxis.