bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Weighed Gene Coexpression Network Analysis Screens the Potential Long Noncoding RNAs and Genes Associated with Progression of Coronary Artery Disease
Authors: Wang Lang , Hu Jun , Zhou Jiali , Guo Fan , Yao Tan , Zhang Liang
Published: July 2020

Background. Coronary artery disease (CAD) is a type of heart disease with a high morbidity rate. This study is aimed at identifying potential biomarkers closely related to the progression of CAD. Materials and Methods. A microarray dataset of GSE59867 was downloaded from a public database, Gene Expression Omnibus, which included 46 cases of stable CAD without a history of myocardial infarction (MI), 30 cases of MI without heart failure (HF), and 34 cases of MI with HF. Differentially expressed long noncoding RNAs (DElncRNAs) and mRNAs (DEmRNAs) were identified by the limma package, and functions of DEmRNAs were annotated by Gene Ontology and KEGG pathways. In addition, weighed gene coexpression network analysis (WGCNA) was used to construct a coexpression network of DEmRNAs, and a disease-related lncRNAs-mRNAs-pathway network was constructed. Finally, the datasets of GSE61145 and GSE57338 were used to verify the expression levels of the above highly correlated candidates. Results. A total of 2362 upregulated mRNAs and 2816 downregulated mRNAs, as well as 235 upregulated lncRNAs and 113 downregulated lncRNAs were screened. These genes were significantly enriched in “cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction,” “RIG-I-like receptor signaling pathway,” and “natural killer cell-mediated cytotoxicity.” Five modules including 1201 DEmRNAs were enriched in WGCNA. A coexpression network including 19 DElncRNAs and 413 DEmRNAs was constructed. These genes were significantly enriched in “phosphatidylinositol signaling system,” “insulin signaling pathway,” and “MAPK signaling pathway”. Disease-related gene-pathway network suggested FASN in “insulin signaling pathway,” DGKZ in “phosphatidylinositol signaling system,” and TNFRSF1A in “MAPK signaling pathway” were involved in MI. Conclusion. FASN, DGKZ, and TNFRSF1A were revealed to be CAD progression-associated genes by WGCNA coexpression network analysis.
An Efficient Algorithm for Extracting High-Utility Hierarchical Sequential Patterns
Authors: Zhang Chunkai , Du Zilin , Zu Yiwen
Published: July 2020

High-utility sequential pattern mining (HUSPM) is an emerging topic in data mining, where utility is used to measure the importance or weight of a sequence. However, the underlying informative knowledge of hierarchical relation between different items is ignored in HUSPM, which makes HUSPM unable to extract more interesting patterns. In this paper, we incorporate the hierarchical relation of items into HUSPM and propose a two-phase algorithm MHUH, the first algorithm for high-utility hierarchical sequential pattern mining (HUHSPM). In the first phase named Extension, we use the existing algorithm FHUSpan which we proposed earlier to efficiently mine the general high-utility sequences (g-sequences); in the second phase named Replacement, we mine the special high-utility sequences with the hierarchical relation (s-sequences) as high-utility hierarchical sequential patterns from g-sequences. For further improvements of efficiency, MHUH takes several strategies such as Reduction, FGS, and PBS and a novel upper bounder TSWU, which will be able to greatly reduce the search space. Substantial experiments were conducted on both real and synthetic datasets to assess the performance of the two-phase algorithm MHUH in terms of runtime, number of patterns, and scalability. Conclusion can be drawn from the experiment that MHUH extracts more interesting patterns with underlying informative knowledge efficiently in HUHSPM.
The D2 and D3 Sublineages of Human Papilloma Virus 16–Positive Cervical Cancer in Guatemala Differ in Integration Rate and Age of Diagnosis
Authors: Lou Hong , Boland Joseph F. , Torres-Gonzalez Edmundo , Albanez Anaseidy , Zhou Weiyin , Steinberg Mia K. , Diaw Lena , Mitchell Jason , Roberson David , Cullen Michael , Garland Lisa , Bass Sara , Burk Robert D. , Yeager Meredith , Wentzensen Nicolas , Schiffman Mark , Freites Enrique Alvirez , Gharzouzi Eduardo , Mirabello Lisa , Dean Michael
Published: July 2020

Human papillomavirus (HPV) 16 displays substantial sequence variation; four HPV16 lineages (A, B, C, and D) have been described as well as multiple sublineages. To identify molecular events associated with HPV16 carcinogenesis, we evaluated viral variation, the integration of HPV16, and somatic mutation in 96 cervical cancer samples from Guatemala. A total of 65% (62/96) of the samples had integrated HPV16 sequences and integration was associated with an earlier age of diagnosis and premenopausal disease. HPV16 integration sites were broadly distributed in the genome, but in one tumor, HPV16 integrated into the promoter of the IFN regulatory factor 4 (IRF4) gene, which plays an important role in the regulation of the IFN response to viral infection. The HPV16 D2 and D3 sublineages were found in 23% and 30% of the tumors, respectively, and were significantly associated with adenocarcinoma. D2-positive tumors had a higher rate of integration, earlier age of diagnosis, and a lower rate of somatic mutation, whereas D3-positive tumors were less likely to integrate, had later age of diagnosis, and exhibited a higher rate of somatic mutation. In conclusion, Guatemalan cervical tumors have a high frequency of very high-risk HPV16 D2 and D3 sublineages harboring distinct histology, which may help guide future therapeutic strategies to target the tumor and reduce recurrence.

Significance:

This study details the biological and molecular properties of the most pathogenic forms of HPV16, the cause of the majority of cervical cancers.
TIGIT Expression Is Associated with T-cell Suppression and Exhaustion and Predicts Clinical Outcome and Anti–PD-1 Response in Follicular Lymphoma
Authors: Yang Zhi-Zhang , Kim Hyo Jin , Wu Hongyan , Jalali Shahrzad , Tang Xinyi , Krull Jordan E. , Ding Wei , Novak Anne J. , Ansell Stephen M.
Published: July 2020

Purpose:

T-cell immunoglobulin and ITIM domain (TIGIT), a member of the immune checkpoint family, is important in normal T-cell biology. However, the phenotypical profile and clinical relevance of TIGIT in follicular lymphoma is largely unknown.

Experimental Design:

Biopsy specimens from a cohort of 82 patients with follicular lymphoma were analyzed using mass cytometry to explore the phenotype and biological and clinical significance of TIGIT+ T cells.

Results:

TIGIT is highly expressed on intratumoral T cells and its expression alters T-cell phenotype in follicular lymphoma. TIGIT is abundantly expressed on Treg cells, resulting in an enhanced suppressive property. TIGIT expression on non-Treg/TFH T cells defines a population that exhibits an exhausted phenotype. Clinically, increased numbers of TIGIT+ T cells are associated with inferior patient outcomes and poor survival. We observe that anti–PD-1 therapy with pembrolizumab alters the phenotype of TIGIT+ T subsets and identifies a role for CD28 expression on TIGIT+ T cells in treatment response.

Conclusions:

The current study provides a comprehensive analysis of the phenotypic profile of intratumoral TIGIT+ T subsets and their prognostic relevance in follicular lymphoma. Inhibition of TIGIT signaling may be an additional mechanism to prevent T-cell suppression and exhaustion in B-cell lymphoma.
Tocilizumab in a Case of Refractory Idiopathic Orbital Inflammation: 6-Year Follow-Up Outcomes
Authors: Artaechevarria Artieda June , Tapias Elias Ignacio
Published: July 2020

Idiopathic orbital inflammation (IOI) is a noninfectious inflammatory disease whose etiology remains unknown. Treatment is focused on reducing inflammation, which becomes challenging in nonresponding cases. We report the case of a 59-year-old woman with refractory IOI that showed a positive response to tocilizumab therapy. The patient was diagnosed with a unilateral sclerosing IOI for 9 years and showed a negative control with previous oral steroids, peribulbar steroid injections, radiotherapy, immunosuppressors, and intravenous rituximab. After the initiation of 8 mg/kg intravenous tocilizumab, a complete reduction of the pain and the orbital inflammation signs was observed and her condition remained stable for the following 6 years under a monthly dose of 4 mg/kg. In recalcitrant IOI cases, tocilizumab could be considered a possible treatment to reduce inflammatory signs and symptoms with positive long-term outcomes as in our case.
Mitochondrial Haplogroup Reveals the Genetic Basis of Diabetes Mellitus Type 2 Comorbidity in Psoriasis
Authors: Alwehaidah Materah Salem , Bakhiet Moiz , AlFadhli Suad
Published: July 2020

Objective: Published data show a clear link between psoriasis (Ps) and the increasing prevalence of comorbid conditions, such as diabetes mellitus type 2 (DM2). The role of the mitochondrial genomic haplogroup in the potential coexistence of Ps and DM2 comorbidity is the subject of this study. Material and Methods: Ninety-eight Kuwaiti individuals were recruited in 4 cohorts (20 healthy controls, 15 with DM2, 34 with Ps, and 29 with Ps and diabetes mellitus). An Ion Torrent S5XL was used to sequence mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA). χ2 test was used to assess differences in the distribution of each haplogroup between cases and controls (p < 0.05). The Bonferroni correction was applied (p < 0.004). The mtDNA haplogroups were analyzed by HaploGrep. Results: Haplogroups R0, U, J, T, N, L3, M, H, X, HV, R, and K were detected in the studied population. Haplogroup M had a high risk for Ps (odds ratio (OR) 4.0, p = 0.003). Haplogroup R0 and J had decreased the risk of DM2 (OR 0.28, p = 0.007). Conclusion: Our results indicated that mtDNA haplogroups have a potential contribution to the pathogenesis of Ps and DM2 comorbidity. We show for the first time that the comorbidity of diabetes in Ps may be related to mitochondrial dysfunction.
O lugar de Kepler na história intelectual europeia
Authors: Cassirer Ernst , Vieira Neto Serzenando Alves
Published: July 2020

Neste texto Cassirer apresenta a dimensão filosófica do processo de transição da antiga concepção tardo-medieval da astrologia, para a moderna concepção de astronomia. Esse processo, que assume na obra de Johannes Kepler seu ponto auge, é investigado em seu íntimo diálogo com a tradição filosófica e científica, apontando, precisamente, para os elementos mais gerais que indicam uma nova forma da compreensão de mundo, o entendimento como o próprio artífice da natureza. Embora se encontre entre seus textos de menor repercussão, O lugar de Kepler na história intelectual europeia se apresenta como um rico exemplo de seu interesse pelo tema da transição para a modernidade e pelo tema do pensamento místico-astrológico, reflexo direto de seu contato com comunidade intelectual de Hamburgo, sobretudo, com a Bibliothek Warburg.
Entre Viena e Apipucos: uma leitura da correspondência de Carpeaux e Gilberto Freyre
Authors: Dias Silvana Moreli Vicente
Published: July 2020

No ano de 1939, em fuga da ascensão nazista na Europa, Carpeaux (então Karpfen) escolhe o Brasil como destino para construir uma nova vida. É no contexto da chegada ao país, em momento de adaptação intercultural, que, por meio de correspondência pessoal, contata o cosmopolita-provinciano Gilberto Freyre, o qual, por sua vez, gozava de considerável prestígio. Constrói-se, então, uma rede de relações nas décadas de 1940 e 1950 que contribuiria para a inserção de Carpeaux na vida intelectual e para a definição de um conteúdo crítico então inovador, em um momento de grande polarização ideológica.
Para além da erudição e do método: Álvaro Lins e Carpeaux
Authors: Maia Eduardo Cesar
Published: July 2020

A admiração mútua entre os críticos Álvaro Lins e Carpeaux transcendeu o campo das afinidades literárias e intelectuais. A amizade, que nasceu a partir da relação epistolar, tornou-se mais forte com a convivência, intensificada com o trabalho jornalístico de ambos no Correio da Manhã e, principalmente, com o intercâmbio de ideias que estabeleceram. Tendo como fonte as reflexões do crítico pernambucano sobre Carpeaux e sua obra, desenvolve-se algumas ideias a respeito do pensamento de ambos, sobre o tema do exílio do intelectual austríaco e sua tão propalada (e mal-compreendida) erudição.
Um certo sentimento do mundo
Authors: Villaça Alcides
Published: July 2020

Uma nova modalidade de discurso, associada a uma nova qualificação do tempo subjetivo e do tempo histórico, é uma característica essencial do livro Sentimento do mundo, de Carlos Drummond de Andrade. Para a sua análise, investiga-se a natureza de ritmos e imagens valorizados nos poemas, impulsionados pela força do “associacionismo” entre imagens e conceitos e pela dinâmica das figuras que valorizam a “porosidade” ou alternância dramática entre as forças gravitacionais da lírica pessoal e dos apelos coletivos.
Um romance de códigos
Authors: Cunha Juliana , Vellozo Júlio César de Oliveira
Published: July 2020

Resenha de A biblioteca elementar (Record, 2018), de Alberto Mussa.
Bruna Beber
Authors: Beber Bruna
Published: July 2020

Poemas inéditos de Bruna Beber.
Aspectos sociais da literatura brasileira
Authors: Carpeaux Otto Maria
Published: July 2020

Inédito em livro, o artigo é provavelmente o primeiro do crítico sobre Machado de Assis. Datado de 1943, traz reflexões de Carpeaux sobre os liames entre estilo e sociedade na configuração da obra do romancista em relação aos seus pares brasileiros.
Contos de Machado de Assis
Authors: Carpeaux Otto Maria
Published: July 2020

Pouco conhecido pela crítica, o mais amplo estudo do crítico sobre Machado de Assis retoma interpretações anteriores para analisar a obra do contista em diálogo com grandes escritores europeus.
Characterization of Lead Adherence Using Intravascular Ultrasound to Assess Difficulty of Transvenous Lead Extraction
Authors: Beaser Andrew D. , Aziz Zaid , Besser Stephanie A. , Jones Christopher I. , Jameria Zenith , Kannan Arun , Upadhyay Gaurav A. , Broman Michael T. , Ozcan Cevher , Tung Roderick , Nayak Hemal M.
Published: July 2020

Background:

Clinical factors associated with development of intravascular lead adherence (ILA) are unreliable predictors. Because vascular injury in the superior vena cava-right atrium during transvenous lead extraction is more likely to occur in segments with higher degrees of ILA, reliable and accurate assessment of ILA is warranted. We hypothesized that intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) could accurately visualize and quantify ILA and degree of ILA correlates with transvenous lead extraction difficulty.

Methods:

Serial imaging of leads occurred before transvenous lead extraction using IVUS. ILA areas were classified as high or low grade. Degree of extraction difficulty was assessed using 2 metrics and correlated with ILA grade. Lead extraction difficulty was calculated for each patient and compared with IVUS findings.

Results:

One hundred fifty-eight vascular segments in 60 patients were analyzed: 141 (89%) low grade versus 17 (11%) high grade. Median extraction time (low=0 versus high grade=97 seconds,
P
<0.001) and median laser pulsations delivered (low=0 versus high grade=5852,
P
<0.001) were significantly higher in high-grade segments. Most patients with low lead extraction difficulty score had low ILA grades. Eighty-six percentage of patients with high lead extraction difficulty score had low IVUS grade, and the degree of transvenous lead extraction difficulty was similar to patients with low IVUS grades and lead extraction difficulty scores.

Conclusions:

IVUS is a feasible imaging modality that may be useful in characterizing ILA in the superior vena cava-right atrium region. An ILA grading system using imaging correlates with extraction difficulty. Most patients with clinical factors associated with higher extraction difficulty may exhibit lower ILA and extraction difficulty based on IVUS imaging.

Graphic Abstract:

A
graphic abstract
is available for this article.
Estimated 24-Hour Urinary Sodium Excretion and Incident Cardiovascular Disease and Mortality Among 398 628 Individuals in UK Biobank
Authors: Elliott Paul , Muller David C. , Schneider-Luftman Deborah , Pazoki Raha , Evangelou Evangelos , Dehghan Abbas , Neal Bruce , Tzoulaki Ioanna
Published: July 2020

We report on an analysis to explore the association between estimated 24-hour urinary sodium excretion (surrogate for sodium intake) and incident cardiovascular disease (CVD) and mortality. Data were obtained from 398 628 UK Biobank prospective cohort study participants (40–69 years) recruited between 2006 and 2010, with no history of CVD, renal disease, diabetes mellitus or cancer, and cardiovascular events and mortality recorded during follow-up. Hazard ratios between 24-hour sodium excretion were estimated from spot urinary sodium concentrations across incident CVD and its components and all-cause and cause-specific mortality. In restricted cubic splines analyses, there was little evidence for an association between estimated 24-hour sodium excretion and CVD, coronary heart disease, or stroke; hazard ratios for CVD (95% CIs) for the 15th and 85th percentiles (2.5 and 4.2 g/day, respectively) compared with the 50th percentile of estimated sodium excretion (3.2 g/day) were 1.05 (1.01–1.10) and 0.96 (0.92–1.00), respectively. An inverse association was observed with heart failure, but that was no longer apparent in sensitivity analysis. A J-shaped association was observed between estimated sodium excretion and mortality. Our findings do not support a J-shaped association of estimated sodium excretion with CVD, although such an association was apparent for all-cause and cause-specific mortality across a wide range of diseases. Reasons for these differences are unclear; methodological limitations, including the use of estimating equations based on spot urinary data, need to be considered in interpreting our findings.
ACE (Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme) Inhibitors/Angiotensin Receptor Blockers Are Associated With Lower Colorectal Cancer Risk
Authors: Cheung Ka Shing , Chan Esther W. , Seto Wai Kay , Wong Ian C.K. , Leung Wai K.
Published: July 2020

Whether ACE (angiotensin-converting enzyme) inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers modify colorectal cancer risk remains controversial. We aimed to determine association between their use and colorectal cancer risk after a negative baseline colonoscopy. This is a territory-wide retrospective cohort study recruiting patients aged ≥40 who had undergone colonoscopy between 2005 and 2013. Exclusion criteria included colorectal cancer detected <6 months of index colonoscopy, prior colorectal cancer, inflammatory bowel disease, and prior colectomy. The primary outcome was colorectal cancer diagnosed between 6 and 36 months after index colonoscopy. Sites of colorectal cancer were categorized as proximal (proximal to splenic flexure) and distal cancer. The adjusted hazard ratio of colorectal cancer with ACE inhibitor/angiotensin receptor blocker use (≥180-day use within 5 years before index colonoscopy) was derived by propensity score regression adjustment of 23 covariates (including patient’s factors, concurrent medication use, and endoscopy center’s performance). Of 187 897 eligible patients, 30 856 (16.4%) were ACE inhibitors/angiotensin receptor blocker users. Eight hundred fifty-four (0.45%) developed colorectal cancer between 6 and 36 months after index colonoscopy (proximal cancer: 147 [17.2%]). These drugs were associated with lower risk of colorectal cancer that developed <3 years after index colonoscopy (adjusted hazard ratio, 0.78 [95% CI, 0.64–0.96]), but not colorectal cancer that developed >3years (adjusted hazard ratio, 1.18 [95% CI, 0.88–1.57]); every single year increase in the drug use was associated with 5% reduction in adjusted hazard ratio risk. ACE inhibitors/angiotensin receptor blocker were associated with a lower colorectal cancer risk in a duration-response manner.
Sex Differences in Blood Pressure–Lowering Therapy and Outcomes Following Intracerebral Hemorrhage
Authors: Fukuda-Doi Mayumi , Yamamoto Haruko , Koga Masatoshi , Palesch Yuko Y. , Durkalski-Mauldin Valerie L. , Qureshi Adnan I. , Yoshimura Sohei , Okazaki Shuhei , Miwa Kaori , Okada Yasushi , Ueda Toshihiro , Okuda Satoshi , Nakahara Jin , Suzuki Norihiro , Toyoda Kazunori
Published: July 2020

Background and Purpose:

Evidence regarding sex differences in clinical outcomes and treatment effect following intracerebral hemorrhage is limited. Using the ATACH-2 trial (Antihypertensive Treatment in Intracerebral Hemorrhage-2) data, we explored whether sex disparities exist in outcomes and response to intensive blood pressure (BP)–lowering therapy.

Methods:

Eligible intracerebral hemorrhage subjects were randomly assigned to intensive (target systolic BP, 110–139 mm Hg) or standard (140–179 mm Hg) BP-lowering therapy within 4.5 hours after onset. Relative risk of death or disability corresponding to the modified Rankin Scale score of 4 to 6 was calculated, and interaction between sex and treatment was explored.

Results:

In total, 380 women and 620 men were included. Women were older, more prescribed antihypertensive drugs before onset, and had more lobar intracerebral hemorrhage than men. Hematoma expansion was observed less in women. After multivariable adjustment, the relative risk of death or disability in women was 1.19 (95% CI, 1.02–1.37,
P
=0.023). The relative risk of death or disability between intensive versus standard BP-lowering therapy was 0.91 (95% CI, 0.74–1.13) in women versus 1.13 (95% CI, 0.92–1.39) in men (
P
for interaction=0.11), with inconclusive Gail-Simmon test (
P
=0.16).

Conclusions:

Women had a higher risk of death or disability following intracerebral hemorrhage. The benefit of intensive BP-lowering therapy in women is inconclusive, consistent with the overall results of ATACH-2.

Registration:

URL:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov
. Unique identifier: NCT01176565.
The Neotropical species of Clistopyga (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae, Pimplinae). Part II: the C. isayae species group, with the description of seven new species
Authors: PALACIO EDGARD , BORDERA SANTIAGO , SÄÄKSJÄRVI ILARI E. , DÍAZ FRANCISCO
Published: July 2020

The New World Clistopyga isayae species group is revised. Seven species are described as new: C. crassicaudata sp. nov., C. isayae sp. nov., C. kalima sp. nov., C. nigriventris sp. nov., C. panchei sp. nov., C. splendida sp. nov. and C. taironae sp. nov. An illustrated identification key to all species of the group is provided. The Clistopyga isayae species group is composed entirely of previously undescribed species mainly from Andean forests of tropical South America.
Integrative taxonomy of Hemimycale (Hymedesmiidae: Poecilosclerida: Demospongiae) from Southeastern Brazil, with the description of two new species
Authors: HUGUENIN LARISSA , SALANI SULA , LOPES MAIRA F. , ALBANO RODOLPHO M. , HAJDU EDUARDO , ESTEVES EDUARDO LEAL
Published: July 2020

Two new species of Hemimycale from Southeastern Brazil are described in this study with the use of morphological and molecular data. Hemimycale oxeata sp. nov. is orange salmon colored in life and has unique oxeote like tornote spicules in addition to the typical (subtylo-)strongyles of the genus. Hemimycale ceadensis sp. nov. is reddish orange in life and has raised, tiny pore sieves, and subtylostrongyles with asymmetrical ends and raphides as microscleres. The diagnosis of the genus Hemimycale was slightly modified for the inclusion of the new species. Maximum-Likelihood analyses of 18S rRNA and COI sequences resulted in the clustering of both new species with the type species of the genus, thus confirming our morphological identification. The value of anatomical characters of pore sieves for diagnosing species and the genus is discussed. A key for species identification is also furnished.
A Revision of the Drosophila spinipes Species Group (Diptera: Drosophilidae)
Authors: GRIMALDI DAVID A. , JONES LANCE E.
Published: July 2020

Two African drosophilids have distinctive protarsal spines in both sexes: Drosophila spinipes Lamb, 1914 from the Seychelles and D. suma Burla, 1954 from the Ivory Coast. Both were later classified in the genus Hirtodrosophila Duda of the Zygothrica genus group, and suma synonymized under spinipes by Tsacas (2006). We resurrect suma from synonymy, define the spinipes species group, and add seven new species in the group from Africa and Madagascar: Drosophila cameroonensis n. sp., D. freidbergi n. sp., D. hypandrilata n. sp., D. jambiya n. sp., D. malagasy n. sp., D. nigrospinipes n. sp., and D. phalloserra n. sp. Another four species are reported but not described. Detailed morphology informs that these anthophilous flies do not belong to the Zygothrica genus group, and they are returned to the genus Drosophila (unplaced to subgenus), albeit primitive members with some very distinctive specialized features. All distribution records, published and new, are presented along with a key to all nine named species.
Dolichognatha bannaensis new species, a six-eyes tetragnathid spider from China (Araneae, Tetragnathidae)
Authors: WANG LU-YU , ZHANG ZHI-SHENG , PENG XIAN-JIN
Published: July 2020

Almost all of the tetragnathid spiders have eight eyes, while two Dolichognatha species, D. longiceps (Thorell, 1895) (Sunil Jose 2014: 474, figs 1A–B) and D. junlitjri (Barrion-Dupo & Barrion, 2014) (Barrion-Dupo & Barrion 2014: 196, figs 1A–B) have six eyes (PME absent). They were originally assigned to Prolochus Thorell, 1895, which was synonymized with Dolichognatha O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1869 by Levi (1981), and reaffirmed by Kallal & Hormiga (2018) after a multi-loci phylogenetic analysis.
A new species of long-tailed shrew of the genus Sorex (Eulipotyphla: Soricidae) from Sierra de Omoa, Honduras
Authors: ANDINO-MADRID ALEXANDRA J. , COLINDRES JULIO E. MÉRIDA , PÉREZ-CONSUEGRA SERGIO G. , MATSON JOHN O.
Published: July 2020

The only known species of the genus Sorex in Honduras is Sorex mccarthyi Matson & Ordóñez-Garza, which is endemic to Celaque National Park. This species shows the presence of a postmandibular foramen and canal, a characteristic that is useful to distinguish between species south of the Isthmus of Tehuantepec and unique to the Sorex salvini species group. Recently, two specimens of Sorex were collected in 2018 at Cusuco National Park, northwestern Honduras. These specimens lack the distinctive characteristics possessed by the S. salvini species group and belong to the Sorex veraepacis species group. Previously, the S. veraepacis species group was only known from the highlands of the southern Mexican state of Chiapas and Guatemala. Principal component analysis shows that specimens from Sierra de Omoa are different in size and shape with respect to other known species (i.e., S. veraepacis Alston, S. ibarrai Matson & McCarthy and S. madrensis Matson & Ordóñez-Garza). We describe these two specimens, currently known only from an isolated cloud forest in the Sierra de Omoa, Honduras, as a new species.
A catalog of Pelecorhynchidae (Diptera: Tabanomorpha) from Chile
Authors: GONZÁLEZ CHRISTIAN R , ELGUETA MARIO
Published: July 2020

A catalog of the Pelecorhynchidae from Chile is provided. We presented all valid names and synonyms for the 9 species and 1 genus for the country, including information about name, author, year of publication, page number, type species, type locality and references. The geographical distribution of the species known from Chile was compiled from bibliographic data and revised collections.
A Sensitivity Analysis of Two Mesoscale Models: COAMPS and WRF
Authors: Marzban Caren , Tardif Robert , Sandgathe Scott
Published: July 2020

A sensitivity analysis methodology recently developed by the authors is applied to COAMPS and WRF. The method involves varying model parameters according to Latin Hypercube Sampling, and developing multivariate multiple regression models that map the model parameters to forecasts over a spatial domain. The regression coefficients and p values testing whether the coefficients are zero serve as measures of sensitivity of forecasts with respect to model parameters. Nine model parameters are selected from COAMPS and WRF, and their impact is examined on nine forecast quantities (water vapor, convective and gridscale precipitation, and air temperature and wind speed at three altitudes). Although the conclusions depend on the model parameters and specific forecast quantities, it is shown that sensitivity to model parameters is often accompanied by nontrivial spatial structure, which itself depends on the underlying forecast model (i.e., COAMPS vs WRF). One specific difference between these models is in their sensitivity with respect to a parameter that controls temperature increments in the Kain–Fritsch trigger function; whereas this parameter has a distinct spatial structure in COAMPS, that structure is completely absent in WRF. The differences between COAMPS and WRF also extend to the quality of the statistical models used to assess sensitivity; specifically, the differences are largest over the waters off the southeastern coast of the United States. The implication of these findings is twofold: not only is the spatial structure of sensitivities different between COAMPS and WRF, the underlying relationship between the model parameters and the forecasts is also different between the two models.
Validation of the Apperception Test God Representations: An implicit measure to assess attachment to God representations. Associations with explicit attachment to God measures and with implicit and explicit measures of distress
Authors: Stulp Henk P , Koelen Jurrijn , Glas Gerrit G , Eurelings-Bontekoe Liesbeth
Published: July 2020

In the context of theistic religions, God representations are an important factor in explaining associations between religion/spirituality and well-being/mental health. Although the limitations of self-report measures of God representations are widely acknowledged, well-validated implicit measures are still unavailable. Therefore, we developed an implicit Attachment to God measure, the Apperception Test God Representations (ATGR). In this study, we examined reliability and validity of an experimental scale based on attachment theory. Seventy-one nonclinical and 74 clinical respondents told stories about 15 cards with images of people. The composite Attachment to God scale is based on scores on two scales that measure dimensions of Attachment to God: God as Safe Haven and God as Secure Base. God as Safe Haven scores are based on two subscales: Asking Support and Receiving Support from God. Several combinations of scores on these latter subscales are used to assess Anxious and Avoidant attachment to God. A final scale, Percentage Secure Base, measures primary appraisal of situations as nonthreatening. Intraclass correlation coefficients showed that the composite Attachment to God scale could be scored reliably. Associations of scores on the ATGR scales and on the explicit Attachment to God Inventory with scores on implicitly and explicitly measured distress partly confirmed the validity of the ATGR scales by demonstrating expected patterns of associations. Avoidant attachment to God seemed to be assessed more validly with the implicit than with the explicit scale. Patients scored more insecure on the composite Attachment to God scale and three subscales than nonpatients.
Gramsci in the Postcolony: Hegemony and Anticolonialism in Nasserist Egypt
Authors: Salem Sara
Published: July 2020

This article traces Gramsci's concept of hegemony as it travels from Southern Italy to Egypt, arguing that the concept ‘stretches’, following Fanon, through an encounter with the nexus of capitalism and (post-)colonialism. I explore a reading of Gramsci's concepts in a postcolonial context, paying special attention to colonialism and anticolonialism as constitutive of the absence or presence of hegemony. Through an exploration of the Nasserist project in Egypt – the only instance of hegemony in modern Egyptian history – I show how colonialism and anticolonialism were central to the formation of Nasserist hegemony. Drawing on Edward Said, I look at two particular aspects of hegemony as a traveling theory to bring to light some theoretical entanglements that arise when Gramsci travels, in turn highlighting the continuing theoretical potential thinking through such entanglements, as well as of thinking with Gramsci in Egypt and the broader postcolonial world.
Spinal arachnoiditis followed by intrathecal tigecycline therapy for central nervous system infection by extremely drug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii
Authors: Li Liang-Ming , Zheng Wen-Jian , Shi Shang-Wen
Published: July 2020

In prior research, intrathecal tigecycline was successfully used to treat central nervous system infection by extensively drug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii. However, little is known about its safe dose and adverse reactions. This study reports the case of a 28-year-old male patient who was diagnosed with central nervous system infection by extensively drug-resistant A. baumannii after the removal of a ventriculoperitoneal shunt. Intravenous and intrathecal tigecycline were administrated simultaneously. Spinal arachnoiditis was discovered after nine doses of intrathecal tigecycline. Spinal arachnoiditis was resolved after discontinuation of the antibiotic. This is the first report of an adverse reaction to intrathecal tigecycline. The case was complicated by spinal arachnoiditis, which obstructed the assessment of cerebrospinal fluid. The appropriate dose and administration schedule of intrathecal tigecycline remain to be determined.
Facilitators of Practitioner Adherence to a Risk/Need Assessment Tool: Hypothesis Testing on a Survey of Juvenile Probation Officers
Authors: Miller Joel , Maloney Carrie
Published: July 2020

We used a statewide survey to test hypotheses about the predictors of juvenile probation officers’ adherence to the Youth Level of Service/Case Management Inventory (YLS/CMI) risk/need assessment (RNA) tool, focusing on (1) the consistency and quality with which officers completed the tool, and (2) the extent to which they used it in decisions. While some hypotheses had been tested in prior quantitative studies, others were based on insights from case studies. Results showed that leadership and climate variables were consistently important in predicting adherence, though these tended to operate indirectly through their effects on other facilitators. Probation officer attitudes, either toward the YLS/CMI or to evidence-based practices, were also important across adherence measures. Although inconsistent in their effects across dependent variables, quality assurance of officer decision-making, external office relationships, and county YLS/CMI policies also predicted adherence.
Solidarity Stalled: When Chinese Activists Meet Social Movements in Democracies
Authors: Zhao Mengyang
Published: July 2020

This study analyzes a largely unexamined phenomenon in the studies of transnational activism: immigrant activists’ engagement in progressive social movements in their residence countries. Through participatory observation and interviews with the Chinese activist communities, this study explores how diaspora activists assess social movements in established liberal democracies in light of their experiences with organizing in a more repressive setting back home. Despite active involvement in social movements in their residence societies, these Chinese diaspora activists find the dominant models of activism in democracies to be overly institutionalized, lacking a sense of political urgency to push for real social change. The deeper and more intersectional understandings of social movements in democracies trigger positive reflections that help create new political subjectivities, but at the same time, they produce skepticism and disenchantment, lowering activists’ expectations about the power of international solidarity. By delving into activists’ transnational social movement experiences, this study critically interrogates the theoretical framework of diaspora politics and social movement learning and brings attention to the unintended consequences of transnational political engagement.
Evaluation of Efficacy of a Dental Chew to Reduce Gingivitis, Dental Plaque, Calculus, and Halitosis in Toy Breed Dogs
Authors: Mateo Aurora , Torre Celina , Crusafont Josep , Sallas Anna , Jeusette Isabelle C.
Published: July 2020

The aim of this study was to determine the clinical efficacy of a dental chew with mechanical and chemical properties in 2 toy dog breeds. Eight Yorkshire terriers and 9 Chihuahuas participated in a crossover design trial. Gingivitis, dental plaque, calculus, and volatile sulfur compounds (VSC) in the breath were assessed after 4 weeks and 9 weeks, respectively. When dogs were fed 1 dental chew per day they had significantly reduced gingivitis (−20%, P < .001), accumulation of plaque (−15%, P < .001), calculus (−35%, P = .001), and VSC concentration (−19%, P < .001) compared to when receiving no chew. A significant breed effect was observed on all the average dental indices and VSC concentration.
The court as a market regulator: Proactive rule-making of the Supreme People’s Court of China on economic regulation
Authors: Su Pan
Published: July 2020

The literature on the allocation of power for rule-making and law enforcement assumes that administrative agencies are ex-ante regulators, while courts are ex-post enforcers. However, the Supreme People’s Court of China makes proactive rules to govern economic affairs, functioning as a de facto market regulator. The empirical evidence on Chinese credit regulations suggests that the incentive level and information access interactively determine the rule-making power allocation between courts and agencies. This article argues that the additional delegation of proactive rule-making power to the judiciary is both a challenge and an opportunity for advancing China’s reform agenda. It proposes institutional rearrangements to correct ineffective incentives and to channel information into courts. The research highlights the hybrid role the Supreme People’s Court plays in policy implementation and dispute resolution, offering new insights into the design of efficient rule-making power allocation.
Perceived male partner attitudes toward the female condom predict female university students’ use of the female condom
Authors: Mantell Joanne E , Exner Theresa M , Bai Dan , Leu Cheng-Shiun , Beksinska Mags , Mabude Zonke , Hoffman Susie , Smit Jennifer A
Published: July 2020

Female and male condoms are the only methods that prevent both sexually transmitted infections (STIs), including HIV, and unintended pregnancy. Despite continuing high STI rates, few studies investigate factors predicting whether women initiating female condom (FC) use sustain use. Using data from a randomized trial, we examined predictors of sustained FC use at five-month follow-up (FU2) among female university students in South Africa who participated in either a one-session, information-only, group-delivered Minimal Intervention or a two-session, group-delivered Enhanced Intervention. In the final multiple logistic regression model, believing one’s partner holds positive attitudes toward the FC (aOR = 1.40; p = 0.028), and greater FC use for vaginal sex at previous assessment (aOR) = 1.19; p = 0.008) were associated with greater odds of FC use at FU2. Excluding number of FC-protected occasions at FU1 from the analysis, discussing FC use with partner (aOR = 2.89; p = 0.071) and believing one’s partner holds positive attitudes toward the FC (aOR = 1.63; p < 0.001) were associated with greater odds of use at FU2. The FC empowers women to protect themselves from both STIs and unintended pregnancy, but targeted interventions are needed to address men’s negative attitudes toward the device. Engaging men as FC champions to support and promote FC use, along with marketing campaigns targeted to men, may expand FC coverage and enhance uptake.
Correlates of trichomoniasis among female sex workers who inject drugs in two Mexico-US border cities
Authors: West Brooke S , Becerra Ramirez Milagros , Bristow Claire C , Abramovitz Daniela A , Vera Alicia , Staines Hugo , Gudelia Rangel M , Patterson Thomas L , Strathdee Steffanie A ,   for Proyecto Mujer Mas Segura
Published: July 2020

This paper evaluates correlates of trichomoniasis among female sex workers who inject drugs (FSWIDs) in two Mexico-US border cities. HIV-negative FSWIDs aged 18 years or older were enrolled in a study between 2008 and 2010 in Tijuana and Ciudad Juarez (Cd.), Mexico. All participants underwent a baseline interviewer-administered survey and did a rapid test for trichomoniasis. Using regression to estimate prevalence ratios, we examined sociodemographics, sex work characteristics, sexual health and behavior, substance use, and police and violence exposures as potential correlates of trichomoniasis. Of 584 women (284 in Tijuana, 300 in Cd. Juarez), prevalence of trichomoniasis was 33.6%. Factors associated with trichomoniasis in multivariable analysis were having money stolen by police in the past six months (adjusted prevalence ratio [aPR] =1.448, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.152–1.821), recent methamphetamine use (aPR = 1.432, CI = 1.055–1.944), lifetime syphilis infection (aPR = 1.360, CI = 1.061–1.743), ever use of a home remedy to treat vaginal symptoms (aPR = 1.301, CI = 1.027–1.649), and number of regular clients in the past month (aPR = 1.006 per client, CI = 1.004–1.009), while controlling for age and city of interview. Alongside the need for trichomoniasis surveillance and treatment programs, findings indicate that both structural and behavioral factors serve as primary correlates of trichomoniasis among FSWIDs in these cities.
Changes in reading behaviour of periodicals on mobile devices: A comparative study
Authors: Ding Shao Jing , Lam Ernest Tak Hei , Chiu Dickson KW , Lung Mavis Man-wai , Ho Kevin KW
Published: July 2020

Mobile devices not only bring convenience to aspects of life but also change people’s behaviour in their daily lives, in particular reading. While most of the studies focus on reading books, there are few systematic publications primarily focusing on electronic periodicals, especially comparing the different needs of patrons from different faculties. Through an online questionnaire, the authors explored whether and how university patrons of the University of Hong Kong changed their reading behaviour of e-periodicals in the context of mobile devices. Six reading patterns were investigated: reading frequency, types of periodicals, preference of mobile devices, reading time spent, reading time slot and reading location. The authors purposefully compare subjects selected from three faculties (Education, Engineering and Science) to examine whether research and learning requirements affect their behaviours. The analysis found that reading patterns did indeed change after patrons adopted mobile devices to read periodicals. There are also some statistically significant differences among the faculties investigated, reflecting their different information needs. The findings can help academic libraries review their periodical subscription policies and reading promotion schemes to satisfy various patrons’ needs.
Between concepts and experiences: understandings of climate change in southern Ecuador
Authors: Iniguez-Gallardo Verónica , Bride Ian , Tzanopoulos Joseph
Published: July 2020

For decades, researchers have worried about people’s understanding of climate change. Although this understanding varies by cultural context, most studies so far have taken place in industrialised countries. Few studies have explored understandings of climate change in the global South. Through standardised questionnaires and semi-structured interviews conducted in southern Ecuador, this article explores differences between urban and rural dwellers and compares these with farmers’ understandings of the causes, consequences and risks. We found urban and rural dwellers hold a similar understanding to that found in other nations, but articulated in ways that reflect their particular realities. Despite reporting firsthand experience of the agricultural effects of climate change, when prompted, farmers do not link climate change to their own experience. It is thus important to go beyond judging knowledge as correct or incorrect, and instead, incorporate local realities in the climate narrative.
Quantifying scientific jargon
Authors: Willoughby Shannon D. , Johnson Keith , Sterman Leila
Published: July 2020

When scientists disseminate their work to the general public, excessive use of jargon should be avoided because if too much technical language is used, the message is not effectively conveyed. However, determining which words are jargon and how much jargon is too much is a difficult task, partly because it can be challenging to know which terms the general public knows, and partly that it can be challenging to ensure scientific accuracy while avoiding esoteric terminology. To help address this issue, we have written an R script that an author can use to quantify the amount of scientific jargon in any written piece and make appropriate edits based on the target audience.
User Satisfaction and Continuance Intention for Using E-Training: A Structural Equation Model
Authors: Garg Shalini , Sharma Shipra
Published: July 2020

With the growth in technology, organizations have started investing in building technology infrastructure. The application of technology in enterprises has provided various advantages such as low training cost and reliable training content. This study tries to investigate the attributes influencing user satisfaction and continuance intention to use e-training. The study derives ease of use and course content as the factors that can affect user satisfaction which further results in a user’s intention to continuously use e-trainings. Following structural equation modelling (SEM), the results of the study have indicated a significant relation between ease of use, course content and user satisfaction. Furthermore, it has also indicated that continuance intention to use e-training is an outcome of user satisfaction.
Chromogenic in situ hybridization for the detection of lambda and kappa immunoglobulin light chains as a potential auxiliary diagnostic technique in canine plasmacytomas
Authors: Foiani Greta , Zanardello Claudia , Carminato Antonio , Melchiotti Erica , Roccabianca Paola , Tecilla Marco , Vascellari Marta
Published: July 2020

The heterogeneous morphologic features of canine plasmacytomas (PCTs) can make their differentiation from other round cell tumors challenging. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) for lambda (λ) and kappa (к) immunoglobulin (Ig) light chains is often equivocal because of high background staining. The chromogenic in situ hybridization (CISH) technique for light chains has shown higher sensitivity compared to IHC in human plasma cell tumors. Therefore, we aimed to validate automated CISH for light chains in canine tissues and to evaluate its diagnostic potential in canine PCTs, in conjunction with routinely used IHC markers. CISH for light chains demonstrated a clear signal in plasma cell populations of canine control tissues (lymph nodes, lymphoplasmacytic inflammation) showing a polyclonal pattern with a prevalence of λ-producing cells. CISH detected monotypic light chain expression in 33 of 53 (62%) PCTs, 31 expressing λ and 2 expressing к. CISH was more sensitive than IHC for λ light chain (58% vs. 47%, respectively) and more easily interpretable given the absence of confounding background staining. The absence of CISH staining for both λ and к in a considerable subset of tumors may be the result of lower light chain production by neoplastic cells. Multiple myeloma oncogene 1 (MUM1) was expressed by all but 2 PCTs (96%), which showed λ expression by CISH and IHC. The identification of poorly differentiated canine PCTs requires the assessment of a panel of IHC markers, with the potential support of CISH for Ig light chains.