bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Gut microbiota-derived indole-3-acetic acid suppresses high myopia progression by promoting type I collagen synthesis
Authors: Li Hao , Du Yu , Cheng Kaiwen , Chen Yuxi , Wei Ling , Pei Yujun , Wang Xiaoyu , Wang Lan , Zhang Ye , Hu Xiaoxin , Lu Yi , Zhu Xiangjia
Published: August 2024

High myopia (HM) is a leading cause of blindness worldwide with currently no effective interventions available. A major hurdle lies in its often isolated perception as a purely ocular morbidity, disregarding potential systemic implications. Recent evidence suggests the existence of a gut-eye axis; however, the role of gut microbiota in the pathogenesis of HM remains largely unexplored. Herein, we provide a potential crosstalk among HM’s gut dysbiosis, microbial metabolites, and scleral remodeling. Utilizing 16S rRNA gene sequencing, we observed an altered gut microbiota profile in HM patients with a significant reduction in probiotic abundance compared with healthy controls. Subsequent targeted metabolic profiling revealed a notable decrease in plasma levels of the gut microbiota-derived metabolite indole-3-acetic acid (3-IAA) among HM patients, which is closely associated with the reduced probiotics, both negatively correlated with HM severity. Genetic analyses determined that gut microbiota are causally associated with myopia risk. Importantly, when mice subjected to HM modeling receive fecal microbiota transplantation from healthy donors, there is an increase in 3-IAA plasma levels and simultaneous retardation of HM progression along with better maintenance of collagen type I alpha 1 (COL1A1) expression in the sclera. Furthermore, 3-IAA gavage achieves similar effects. Mechanistic investigations confirm the transcriptional activation of COL1A1 by 3-IAA via promoting the enrichment of SP1 to its promoter. Together, our findings provide novel insights into the gut microbiota-eye axis in the pathogenesis of HM and propose new strategies for HM intervention by remodeling the gut microbiota and indole supplementation.
Healthy Eating and Active Lifestyle after Bowel Cancer (HEAL ABC)—feasibility randomised controlled trial
Authors: Sremanakova Jana , Sowerbutts Anne Marie , Todd Chris , Cooke Richard , Pearce Lyndsay , Leiberman David , McLaughlin John , Hill Jim , Ashby Helen , Ramesh Aswatha , Burden Sorrel
Published: August 2024

Background

Evidence from cohort studies indicates that a healthy lifestyle can improve cancer survival but evidence from randomised controlled trials (RCT) is lacking. Thus, this study tested the feasibility of conducting a lifestyle intervention in patients after colorectal cancer (CRC) treatment.

Methods

An intervention was developed based on World Cancer Research Fund and American Institute for Cancer Research (WCRF/AICR) recommendations, the Health Action Process Approach, Motivational Interviewing and tested a feasibility, mixed-methods RCT. Participants were allocated to a three-month telephone-based intervention versus standard care control group. The follow up period was six months. Data on feasibility and secondary outcomes were collected and analysed using Stata (V15, StataCorp LLC) and NVivo 12 (QSR International Pty Ltd., Doncaster, VIC).

Results

Recruitment was challenging (31 ineligible, 37 declined; recruitment rate = 48.6%.). In total, 34/35 participants completed the intervention, and 31 (89%) completed follow up; all 31 completers participated in six telephone calls during intervention and six months follow up. Study retention was 97% (34/35) and 89% (31/35) at three and six months, respectively. Data completion rates were high (>90%). Intervention was acceptable to participants, met their needs and kept them accountable towards their goals. Participants in the intervention group showed significant improvement in WCRF/AICR, Diet Quality Index-International score and a 10% reduction in ultra-processed food consumption.

Conclusions

The HEAL ABC intervention was feasible for 87% of intervention participants, supporting them in healthy lifestyle changes. However, alternative recruitment strategies are needed for a fully powered RCT to determine the effectiveness of the intervention.
An improved dataset of force fields, electronic and physicochemical descriptors of metabolic substrates
Authors: Macorano Alessio , Mazzolari Angelica , Malloci Giuliano , Pedretti Alessandro , Vistoli Giulio , Gervasoni Silvia
Published: August 2024

In silico prediction of xenobiotic metabolism is an important strategy to accelerate the drug discovery process, as candidate compounds often fail in clinical phases due to their poor pharmacokinetic profiles. Here we present MetaQM, a dataset of quantum-mechanical (QM) optimized metabolic substrates, including force field parameters, electronic and physicochemical properties. MetaQM comprises 2054 metabolic substrates extracted from the MetaQSAR database. We provide QM-optimized geometries, General Amber Force Field (FF) parameters for all studied molecules, and an extended set of structural and physicochemical descriptors as calculated by DFT and PM7 methods. The generated data can be used in different types of analysis. FF parameters can be applied to perform classical molecular mechanics calculations as exemplified by the validating molecular dynamics simulations reported here. The calculated descriptors can represent input features for developing improved predictive models for metabolism and drug design, as exemplified in this work. Finally, the QM-optimized molecular structures are valuable starting points for both ligand- and structure-based analyses such as pharmacophore mapping and docking simulations.
Examining the clinical and genetic spectrum of maturity-onset diabetes of the young (MODY) in Iran
Authors: Asgarian Sara , Lanjanian Hossein , Rahimipour Anaraki Shiva , Hadaegh Farzad , Moazzam-Jazi Maryam , Najd-Hassan-Bonab Leila , Masjoudi Sajedeh , Zahedi Asiyeh Sadat , Zarkesh Maryam , Shalbafan Bita , Akbarzadeh Mahdi , Tehrani Fateh Sahand , Khalili Davood , Momenan Amirabbas , Sarbazi Narges , Hedayati Mehdi , Azizi Fereidoun , Daneshpour Maryam S.
Published: August 2024

Maturity-onset diabetes of the young (MODY) is an uncommon monogenic type of diabetes mellitus. Detecting genetic variants for MODY is a necessity for precise diagnosis and treatment. The majority of MODY genetic predisposition has been documented in European populations and a lack of information is present in Iranians which leads to misdiagnosis as a consequence of defects in unknown variants. In this study, using genetic variant information of 20,002 participants from the family-based TCGS (Tehran Cardiometabolic Genetic Study) cohort, we evaluated the genetic spectrum of MODY in Iran. We concentrated on previously discovered MODY-causing genes. Genetic variants were evaluated for their pathogenicity. We discovered 6 variants that were previously reported in the ClinVar as pathogenic/likely pathogenic (P/LP) for MODY in 45 participants from 24 families (INS in 21 cases, GCK in 13, HNF1B in 8, HNF4A, HNF1A, and CEL in 1 case). One potential MODY variant with Uncertain Risk Allele in ClinVar classification was also identified, which showed complete disease penetrance (100%) in four subjects from one family. This is the first family-based study to define the genetic spectrum and estimate the prevalence of MODY in Iran. The discovered variants need to be investigated by additional studies.
Development of novel low-cost isolator UMELI (unbonded mesh elastomeric layered isolator): experimental investigations
Authors: Md. Zoheb Nawaz , S C Mohan
Published: August 2024

Seismic isolation is a highly efficacious method for reducing the seismic load on structures. This technique is widely adopted to safeguard structures from earthquakes. Despite the promising results demonstrated by numerous isolation techniques, their implementation remains a significant challenge, particularly in developing countries, due to the high costs associated with manufacturing. Therefore, a novel and affordable base isolation technique has been proposed, namely unbonded mesh elastomeric layered isolator (UMELI). UMELI consists of steel mesh sandwiched between the unbonded layers of elastomers, resulting in an affordable isolator to be used for lightweight, low-rise structures. One of the crucial characteristics of this novel isolator is that it does not require a specialised manufacturing process unlike other elastomeric isolators. In the present study, experimental investigations are conducted to evaluate the dynamic characteristics such as dynamic vertical stiffness, equivalent lateral stiffness, and equivalent viscous damping ratio of UMELI. Its characteristics were studied for different layered isolators and are compared with the unreinforced elastomeric isolator. The investigations have demonstrated the effectiveness of the UMELI by increasing its vertical stiffness and reducing lateral stiffness, thereby enhancing the isolation period with the addition of a steel mesh layer.
Heterochromatin formation and remodeling by IRTKS condensates counteract cellular senescence
Authors: Xie Jia , Lu Zhao-Ning , Bai Shi-Hao , Cui Xiao-Fang , Lian He-Yuan , Xie Chen-Yi , Wang Na , Wang Lan , Han Ze-Guang
Published: August 2024

Heterochromatin, a key component of the eukaryotic nucleus, is fundamental to the regulation of genome stability, gene expression and cellular functions. However, the factors and mechanisms involved in heterochromatin formation and maintenance still remain largely unknown. Here, we show that insulin receptor tyrosine kinase substrate (IRTKS), an I-BAR domain protein, is indispensable for constitutive heterochromatin formation via liquid‒liquid phase separation (LLPS). In particular, IRTKS droplets can infiltrate heterochromatin condensates composed of HP1α and diverse DNA-bound nucleosomes. IRTKS can stabilize HP1α by recruiting the E2 ligase Ubc9 to SUMOylate HP1α, which enables it to form larger phase-separated droplets than unmodified HP1α. Furthermore, IRTKS deficiency leads to loss of heterochromatin, resulting in genome-wide changes in chromatin accessibility and aberrant transcription of repetitive DNA elements. This leads to activation of cGAS-STING pathway and type-I interferon (IFN-I) signaling, as well as to the induction of cellular senescence and senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) responses. Collectively, our findings establish a mechanism by which IRTKS condensates consolidate constitutive heterochromatin, revealing an unexpected role of IRTKS as an epigenetic mediator of cellular senescence.
Lipid-based Materials in Edible and Non-edible Food Packaging
Authors: Nath Debarshi , Chakraborty Priyanka , Hati Subrota , Mishra Birendra Kumar , Sarkar Preetam
Published: August 2024

Petroleum-based packaging materials, which are widely used for packaging applications, are non-biodegradable and have a negative impact on the environment. Packaging materials derived from biological sources are becoming very popular because of their sustainability, biodegradability, and non-toxic nature. However, poor mechanical, barrier, and antimicrobial properties are some challenges that must be dealt with. Lipid-based packaging films and coatings are used extensively to replace plastic packaging materials due to their excellent barrier activity and robust antimicrobial properties against common foodborne pathogens. Different lipids, such as essential oils, waxes, and fatty acids, are used in forming films and coatings. These compounds help enhance the shelf life and retain the quality of food products by inhibiting microbial growth, retarding lipid peroxidation, and preventing water loss from the samples. Therefore, this chapter will focus on the recent advancements and practical applications of lipid-based food packaging.
Nanoliposomes for Promising Encapsulation and Delivery of Potential Nutraceutical Ingredients
Authors: Anulekshmi S. , Reshna K. R. , Balakrishnan Preetha , Gopi Sreerag
Published: August 2024

Nutraceuticals are medicinal foods that play a role in maintaining and improving health and immunity and thus preventing specific diseases. Liposomes are very diverse structures for research, therapeutic, and analytical applications. To evaluate the quality of the liposomes and to obtain measurements that allow comparison between different batches of liposomes, various parameters must be observed. Liposomes are used in analytical and bioanalytical applications. Encapsulation is known to strengthen the water solubility of bioactive compounds, providing a sterile product while retaining the taste and aroma of essential oils. Solubility, bioavailability, and health-promoting functions are enhanced by nanoencapsulation. The best scientific need in nutraceuticals is to carefully develop and execute clinical studies to provide insights into their health claims, which can also influence consumers as strategic investments. This chapter reviews various aspects of nanoliposome technology, including important physicochemical properties, commonly used preparation methods, targeting strategies, and their application in the food and nutraceutical industries.
Phenotypic profiling based on body fluid traces discovered at the scene of crime: Raman spectroscopy of urine stains for race differentiation
Authors: Vyas Bhavik , Halámková Lenka , Lednev Igor K.
Published: August 2024

Raman spectroscopy and machine learning were combined in this proof-of-concept study for the race identification of a urine stain donor with 90% accuracy. This method offers a powerful new tool for immediate suspect profiling at the crime scene.
Characterization and application of photocrosslinkable collagen maleate as bioink in extrusion-based 3D bioprinting
Authors: Chen Po-Hsun , Chen I-Hsiang , Kao Wei-Hsiang , Wu Song-Yi , Tsai Wei-Bor
Published: August 2024

Bovine type I collagen was chemically modified with maleic anhydride to introduce a novel neutral-soluble and photocrosslinkable bioink.
Privileged zeolitic sites for humid CO2 adsorption: K+ in double eight-membered rings
Authors: Lee Hwangho , Hikima Shu , Ohnishi Ryohji , Takewaki Takahiko , Katz Alexander
Published: August 2024

A proficient site for humid CO2 adsorption in zeolites: K+-D8R structures can selectively adsorb CO2 over H2O.
Single-step synthesis of multicomponent cocrystals and salts: the role of laboratory seeding
Authors: Nayak Sampurna , Nangia Ashwini K.
Published: August 2024

Single-step and multi-step liquid-assisted grinding mechanochemical methods of molecular components to ternary and quaternary cocrystals/salts are compared to show speed and scalability of the single-step method.
Robust and durable Li-ion batteries fabricated using lead-free crystalline M2NiMnO6 (where M = Eu, Gd, and Tb) double perovskites
Authors: Shinde Kiran P. , Chavan Harish S. , Mujawar Sarfraj H. , Salunke Amol S. , Ahmed Abu Talha Aqueel , Shrestha Nabeen K. , Park Joon Sik , Im Hyunsik , Inamdar Akbar I.
Published: August 2024

Double perovskites with the general formula A2B1B2O6, in which A2 is a lanthanide or alkaline earth metal and B1 and B2 are transition metals, are famous for their structures and excellent chemical and physical properties.
Ti3C2 MXene cocatalyst supported Ti3C2/SrTiO3/g-C3N4 heterojunctions with efficient electron transfer for photocatalytic H2 production
Authors: Ye Xiaoyun , Zhong Hangyu , Zhang Yumei , Liu Xuehua , Tian Wei , Ma Li-An , Wang Qianting
Published: August 2024

The Ti3C2/SrTiO3/g-C3N4 composite with gradient energy band heterostructures exhibited excellent hydrogen evolution performance.
Development of discrete interaction models for ultra-fine nanoparticle plasmonics
Authors: Sørensen Lasse K. , Gerasimov Valeriy S. , Karpov Sergey V. , Ågren Hans
Published: August 2024

Atomistic discrete interaction models can bridge the size gap between quantum and classical continuum models in addressing nanoparticle plasmonics and give insights into the discrete nature of ultrafine nanoparticles.
Correlated rotational alignment spectroscopy: a new tool for high-resolution spectroscopy and the analysis of heterogeneous samples
Authors: Schultz Thomas
Published: August 2024

Correlated rotational alignment spectroscopy correlates observables of ultrafast gas-phase spectroscopy with high-resolution, broad-band rotational Raman spectra.
Crystal structure prediction and property calculation of copper–oxygen compounds using innovative search software from first principles
Authors: Huo Jinrong , Zhang Kai , Liu Pengfei , Wei Haocong , He Chaozheng
Published: August 2024

The substable crystal structure and the mechanical properties of T-CuO and D2-Cu2O have been investigated by using crystal structure prediction software (CBD-GM) based on the fusion of the Bayesian optimization algorithm and deep learning.
An organic cathode for low-temperature processed, flexible ternary organic solar cells with high-performance
Authors: Liu Xia , Wang Lei , Liu Xi , Li Shuangcui , Liu Zhihai , Chen Ping
Published: August 2024

Flexible electron-transport-layer-free ternary organic solar cells were fabricated using PEIE coated PEDOT:PSS as the cathode.
Photocontrolled ultra-broadband metamaterial absorber around the terahertz regime
Authors: Wu Guozheng , Li Chao , Wang Dong , Gao Song , Guo Haijun , Chen Wenya , Guo Shijing , Xiong Jiaran , Che Yue
Published: August 2024

An ultra-broadband and double-broadband terahertz metamaterial absorber is realized using photoconductive silicon and an innovative planar resonant structure design, greatly broadening the absorption bandwidth of silicon-based absorbers.
Choosing between Ti(ii) and Ti(iii): selective reduction of titanocene dichloride by elemental lanthanides
Authors: Bousrez Guillaume , Harakat Dominique , Chevreux Sylviane , Déchamps-Olivier Isabelle , Jaroschik Florian
Published: August 2024

The selective reduction of titanocene dichloride to either trivalent or divalent titanocene species depending on the lanthanide metal is described and corroborated by reactivity, ESI-MS, EPR and SCXRD studies.
Crystal structures, bonding and electronic structures of α- and β-Ir2B3−x compounds
Authors: Sologub Oksana , Salamakha Leonid P. , Stöger Berthold , Mori Takao , Barisic Neven , Rogl Peter F. , Michor Herwig , Bauer Ernst
Published: August 2024

α-Ir2B3−x and β-Ir2B3−x exhibit strong interactions between Ir and B; however, β-Ir2B3−x demonstrates a negligible covalent bonding component in the boron subunits compared to strong covalent bonding in the chair-like boron hexagons of α-Ir2B3−x.
Electrochemically promoted selenocyclization for the synthesis of organoselenyl isoxazoles
Authors: Sun Nan , Qiao Zhi , Li Jiamin , Gu Jiazhi , Jin Liqun , Hu Xinquan
Published: August 2024

Herein, we report a general and sustainable electrochemically promoted oxidative selenocyclization protocol for the synthesis of organoselenyl isoxazoles from 2-alkyn-1-one O-methyloximes and diorganyl diselenides.
Initial demonstration of microplasma ionization/Orbitrap mass spectrometry for molecular screening of perfluorinated compounds
Authors: Goodwin Joseph V. , Masucci Claudia , Bleiner Davide , Marcus R. Kenneth
Published: August 2024

Diverse PFAS compounds were determined for the first time with the liquid sampling-atmospheric pressure glow discharge (LS-APGD) ionization source coupled to an Orbitrap MS. Unique negative ion spectra and preliminary figures of merit are reported.
Nanostructuring niobium oxides using polymer-grafted cellulose nanocrystals and nanofibers as sacrificial scaffolds
Authors: Cheng Yen Theng , Athukoralalage Sandya S. , Amiralian Nasim , Ling Chris D. , Müllner Markus
Published: August 2024

We report the template-directed synthesis of highly polycrystalline Nb2O5 polymorphs using polymer brush-grafted nanocelluloses. Phase-pure TT-Nb2O5, T-Nb2O5 and H-Nb2O5 were synthesised and used as photocatalysts to decompose rhodamine B.
Cyanation of aryl halides using potassium hexacyanoferrate(ii) via direct mechanocatalysis
Authors: Hwang Suhmi , Preuß Phil M. , Pickhardt Wilm , Grätz Sven , Borchardt Lars
Published: August 2024

A solvent- and ligand-free cyanation reaction using a catalytically active Pd milling ball and K4[Fe(CN)6] as a safer cyanide source achieved up to 90% yield in 4 hours at room temp. Mechanistic steps were observed via XPS and PXRD.
Rapid synthesis of sea urchin-like Ni(OH)2@Ni(Fe)OOH electrocatalysts for the oxygen evolution reaction
Authors: Wu Fang , Jiao Yuhong , Ge Jin-Long , Zhu Yujun , Feng Chao , Wu Zhong , Lv Changpeng
Published: August 2024

A sea urchin-like Ni(OH)2@Ni(Fe)OOH-100 electrocatalyst was successfully grown on a Ni foam through a hydrothermal and subsequent soaking process and exhibits excellent activity toward the OER.
Harsh environment-tolerant, superhydrophilic and underwater superoleophobic cellulose hydrogel-coated copper foam for efficient and repeatable oil/water separation
Authors: Zhang Yichun , Shi Qinhan , Guo Zhiguang
Published: August 2024

In this work, a layer of cellulose hydrogel is coated on the surface of copper foam by using a dip coating and heating process. The prepared superhydrophilic/underwater superoleophobic copper foam can separate different oil–water mixtures.
Superior-performance lithium–sulfur batteries: a face-centered-cubic-structure high-entropy alloy improves the bidirectional catalytic conversion of polysulfides/sulfides
Authors: Wang Xueyu , Lin Peirong , Wu Chuanhuang , Zhu Yuchuan , Wang Cong , Guo Daying , Chen Xi'an , Wang Shun
Published: August 2024

The CoCuMnMoNi high-entropy alloy constructed by thermal cracking of organic frameworks as a catalytic intercalation layer for lithium–sulfur batteries to achieve bi-directional fast catalytic conversion of polysulfides/sulfides.
Enhancement of weak signals by applying a suppression method to high-intense methyl and methylene signals of lipids in NMR spectroscopy
Authors: Singh Upendra , Emwas Abdul-Hamid , Jaremko Mariusz
Published: August 2024

In this study, we applied a method of suppression to suppress the intense peaks of methyl and methylene groups to allow detection of weaker peaks in NMR spectroscopy of lipids.
Palladium(ii) complexes bearing mesoionic carbene ligands: catalytic application in domino Sonogashira coupling/cyclization reactions for one-pot synthesis of benzofuran and indole derivatives
Authors: Joshi Om Prakash , Thirumoorthi Ramalingam , Pardasani Ram T. , Ray Sriparna , Dash Chandrakanta
Published: August 2024

Indole and benzofuran derivatives were synthesized with good diversity in moderate to good yields via a domino Sonogashira coupling/cyclization process using 1,2,3-triazolylidene-based palladium PEPPSI complexes.
Orthorhombic–tetragonal phase coexistence and enhanced piezoelectric properties at room temperature in Zn and Ta modified (Ba0.95Ca0.05)(Zr0.05Ti0.95)O3 ceramics through the synergistic effect of lattice distortion
Authors: Dhifallah Nabil , Hentati Mohamed Amin , Khemakhem Hamadi
Published: August 2024

This study provides a fundamental understanding of the enhanced piezoelectric properties in ABO3 perovskite based lead-free piezoelectric materials.
A dual-function chromogenic and fluorogenic benzofurazan probe for plazomicin and its innovative utility for development of two microwell assays with high throughput for analysis of drug substance and pharmaceutical formulations
Authors: Alkathiri Fai A. , Al-Outaibi Majed , Darwish Ibrahim A.
Published: August 2024

NBD-F was evaluated as a dual-function probe chromogenic and fluorogenic probe and employed in the development of microwell-based photometric and fluorometric assays for the quantitative determination of PLZ in its bulk drug and Zemedri® injections.
Stereocontrolled and time-honored access to piperidine- and pyrrolidine-fused 3-methylenetetrahydropyrans using lactam-tethered alkenols
Authors: Beng Timothy K. , Anosike Ifeyinwa S. , Kaur Jasleen
Published: August 2024

Two cascade approaches featuring bromocycloetherification-elimination or dehydrogenative cycloetherification-isomerization of lactam-tethered alkenols have facilitated the stereocontrolled synthesis of lactam-fused 3-methylenetetrahydropyrans.
Correction: Tribo-piezoelectric nanogenerators for energy harvesting: a first-principles study
Authors: Damte Jemal Yimer , Houska Jiri
Published: August 2024

Correction for ‘Tribo-piezoelectric nanogenerators for energy harvesting: a first-principles study’ by Jemal Yimer Damte et al., Sustainable Energy Fuels, 2024, https://doi.org/10.1039/D4SE00498A.
Robust Fractional Low‐Order Multiple Window STFT for Infinite Variance Process Environment
Authors: Wang Haibin , Deng Changshou , Long Junbo , Zhou Youxue
Published: August 2024

Mechanical fault vibration signal is a typical non‐Gaussian process, they can be characterized by the infinite variance process, and the noise within these signals may also be the process in complex environments. The performance of the traditional cross‐term reduction algorithm is compromised, sometimes yielding incorrect results under the infinite variance process environment. Several robust fractional lower order time–frequency representation methods are proposed including fractional low‐order smoothed pseudo Wigner (FLOSPW), fractional low‐order multi‐windowed short‐time Fourier transform (FLOMWSTFT), and improved fractional low‐order multi‐windowed short‐time Fourier transform (IFLOMWSTFT) utilizing fractional low‐order statistics and short‐time Fourier transform (STFT) to mitigate cross‐terms, enhance time–frequency resolution, and accommodate the infinite variance process environment. When compared to traditional methods, simulation results indicate that they effectively suppress the pulse noise and function effectively in lower mixed signal noise ratio (MSNR) in an infinite variance process environment. The efficacy of the proposed time–frequency algorithm is validated through its application to mechanical bearing outer ring fault vibration signals contaminated with Gaussian noise and subjected to an α infinite variance process.
Rotor unmanned aerial vehicle localization in the building sheltered area based on millimetre‐wave frequency‐modulated continuous wave radar
Authors: Zhang Wanyu , Zeng Xiaolu , Yang Yifei , Zhong Shichao , Gong Junbo , Yang Xiaopeng
Published: August 2024

Rotor unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) play an important role in both military and civilian fields nowadays. The safety risks associated with the UAVs increase the urgent need for detecting UAVs in urban environments as well. Moreover, UAVs are easily located in the non‐line‐of‐sight (NLOS) building sheltered area relative to the radar, making it very challenging to detect and localise. A novel algorithm for localising the rotor UAV in the common L‐shaped street building sheltered area is proposed. First, the authors establish a multipath signal model for a rotor UAV hovering over an L‐shaped street scene, leveraging the frequency‐modulated continuous wave signal. Then, the multipath information of the UAV is extracted by identifying the rotating periodicity of the blade embedded in the time‐frequency spectrum of the received signal. The back projection imaging is then conducted on the UAV‐related multipath. After extracting multipath ghosts in the image, the street area, where the UAV locates, can be determined, and the UAV is further localised using the path reflection characteristics of this area. Simulations and practical experiments based on millimetre waves indicate that the proposed method can enable high‐accuracy estimation of rotor UAV in the NLOS building sheltered area.
Polyhandicap
Authors:   Expertise collective INSERM
Published: August 2024

La notion de « polyhandicap » apparue en France dans les années 1960 a évolué de façon progressive. Le polyhandicap correspond aux conséquences définitives d’une lésion survenue sur un cerveau en développement. Au niveau fonctionnel, il associe une déficience motrice sévère et une déficience mentale sévère à profonde qui engendrent une restriction extrême de la communication, de l’autonomie et de la mobilité. En lien avec ces difficultés, le polyhandicap implique une complexité et une singularité de l’accompagnement et de la prise en soins de la personne, enfant ou adulte. Chacun nécessite un accompagnement adapté et global tout au long de sa vie, associant soins génériques et spécifiques, éducation, communication, socialisation, aide à la vie quotidienne. Sollicitée par la Caisse nationale de solidarité pour l’autonomie, cette expertise collective fait le bilan des connaissances actuelles dans de nombreux champs relevant de disciplines biomédicales et des sciences humaines et sociales, explorant également des sujets jusqu’à présent peu évoqués comme la maltraitance. Le groupe d’experts propose de nombreuses recommandations visant à améliorer l’accompagnement et le bien-être des personnes en situation de polyhandicap, ainsi que le soutien des familles, des soignants et des aidants. Enfin, cette expertise invite à s’interroger sur le regard que l’on porte sur les personnes polyhandicapées.
Finite element modeling of machining-induced microstructure evolution of IN625 superalloy fabricated by laser-based powder bed fusion
Authors: Li Binxun , Xia Yan , Fang Bin
Published: August 2024

The surface quality of components fabricated via laser-based powder bed fusion (L-PBF) is highly dependent on the post-machining technique. This study aims to investigate the microstructure evolution of the turning-affected subsurface layer of the IN625 superalloy manufactured by L-PBF with the assistance of the finite element analysis (FEA). A finite element model with integrated user-defined subroutine VUSDFLD was created for numerical modeling of the dislocation density and grain size evolution due to turning operation. The simulation results regarding grain size and the depth of the affected layer were validated against the experiments. This study shed some light on the metallurgical behavior evolution when turning of L-PBF of nickel-based superalloy based on the proposed material microstructure model.
Global Local (Glocal) Supply Chains for Green Economies: An assessment of Greenhouse Gas Emissions
Authors: Gopsill James , Cox Christopher , Hicks Ben
Published: August 2024

Flexible manufacturing systems, such as Additive Manufacturing, Robotics and Computer Numerical Control (CNC) machines, can be readily deployed and operated in standard warehouse infrastructure providing the opportunity for the on-demand production of a wide variety of goods closer to their point of consumption. This has the potential to shift long-distance logistics towards raw material transport (which can be packed more tightly) and maximise the potential of zero-emission ‘last mile’ logistics. This paper reports a study to demonstrate the merits of Global Local (Glocal) supply chains in terms of the potential reductions in Greenhouse Gas Emissions (GHG). The study used the United Kingdom (UK) and its seven largest cities as the areas of supply and demand with material entering through Dover. The Monte-Carlo simulation showed that distributed production significantly outperforms single location manufacturing and product importing by up to 2-3x.
Large Language Model-aided Life Cycle Analysis for Circular Bio-manufacturing
Authors: Turhan-Haskara Gozde Damla , Demirbilek Anıl Dinç
Published: August 2024

This paper explores the pivotal role of circular manufacturing methods and tools for biobased materials through an assessment tool built on a large language model (LLM) embedded mobile application. The LLMs, trained on extensive textual datasets, can provide precision and efficiency for the life cycle assessment (LCA) for biobased manufacturing. The tool automates data collection, categorises information from diverse sources, and supports ecological decision-making in material and manufacturing method selection. The research follows a methodology based on three main workflows, including database development, LCA specifications, and the LLM-embedded mobile interface development. Furthermore, the study recognizes the intricacy involved in utilising newly developed materials, especially considering the abundance of available formulations. It questions how the tool adapts to various material and manufacturing options and how it could augment practicality and applicability in real-life design and manufacturing stages. The study demonstrates that the tool offers a comprehensive and critical evaluation of biobased materials for manufacturing towards product development across design domains, unlocking new possibilities at the intersection of ecology, circular design, and digital tools.
Effects of cutting conditions on the cutting forces in machining additively manufactured Ti6Al4V alloy
Authors: Mohammed Sambo Abdulkadir , Younas Muhammad , Njuguna James
Published: August 2024

Machining of additive manufacturing (AM) process results in excessive consumption of the cutting power due to the high strength and hardness of the material produced that led to high cutting forces and short tool life during machining process. This paper aims to investigate the effect of cutting conditions and coefficient of friction on the cutting forces, during finite element analysis (FEA) of an orthogonal cutting of AM Ti6Al4V alloy bar. The FEA simulation considers three different experiments at low, medium, and high cutting conditions. The result shows that as the depth of cuts gets deeper and the cutting speed increases, the cutting forces were found to increase, leading to serrated or segmented chips formation. A cutting force of 1300.36N was observed at a cutting speed of 150 m/min and a coefficient of friction of 0.9. The cutting force was found to be weaker at the higher shear plane angle of 42.2o and higher at a smaller angle of 37.57o. The coefficient of friction was observed to be insignificant at lower value of 0.09 and was seemed to affect the cutting force at value around 1.
Designing Trust in Human-Cobot Interactions: An Exploration through Experience Mapping
Authors: Grech Amy , McArthur Stig , Wodehouse Andrew
Published: August 2024

This paper explores the dynamics between humans and collaborative robots (cobots), focusing on the crucial element of trust. Despite robots’ limitations in reflection and adaptability compared to humans, trust plays a pivotal role in determining the success of such collaborations. By employing principles of storytelling and role-play, trust mechanisms were designed in a contextual interaction between a human and a cobot to deeply understand the human perspective in the interaction on a cognitive and affective level. A qualitative workshop involving students from engineering and product design fields provides insights into human thoughts and emotions during human-robot collaborations (HRC). The outcome of this paper is a novel HRC experience map as a method for revealing the intricacies of trust dynamics, whilst serving as a foundational exploration in advancing interaction-based manufacturing processes towards human-centricity, efficiency, and effectiveness.
Pallet drop-size optimisation and its effect on the supply chain using a cost-to-serve model
Authors: Gunathilaka Ranjika , Pawar Krishna , Saad Sameh
Published: August 2024

The study explores the critical role of transportation within the Supply Chain, emphasising efficient planning, implementation, and control of goods and information flow from suppliers to customers. Focused on optimising the number of pallets per shipment and occurrence of the shipments to decrease secondary transport costs and environmental impact. The study is conducted with a leading Fast Moving Consumer Goods (FMCG) company in the UK by deploying the methods; Define, Measure, Analyse, Improve, Control (DMAIC) for data collection and Cost-to-Serve (CTS) for data analysis. Initially, a new Cost-to-Serve tool is developed to visualise customer performance and identify opportunities for improvement. Subsequently, a secondary tool is created to monitor the performance of identified customers. An Excel simulator is constructed to extract key performance indicators for logistics performance. Results reveal significant cost savings, with £207 K saved in the first five months of 2023 through shipment reduction of 9.09% compared to 2022. Even with inflation, the cost per pallet has remained steady, showing minimal variation from the average of 2022. This underlines the efficacy of the CTS tool in enhancing secondary transportation performance within the wider supply chain context.
Value retention using remanufacturing: A case study on part and process down selection for wind turbine applications
Authors: Rane Kedarnath , Mohammad Ashfaq , Fox Peter , Ayaz Hiba , McKeown Gabriel , Sheath Carol , Seth Sampan , Reimer Andreas , Fitzpatrick Stephen
Published: August 2024

As a key component of a circular economy, remanufacturing is gaining popularity across various sectors. This paper focuses on the wind energy sector, a major player in renewable technologies, which is gradually recognizing its increasing resource-intensive material usage. We present a case study outlining a method for selecting parts from an industrial supply chain partner’s inventory. This strategy is further employed to streamline the manufacturing processes for the chosen part. We utilized the Weighted Sum method, a multi-criteria decision-making strategy, in both instances. We discuss how expertise of process specialists and multi-criteria decision-making techniques could be synthesised for adopting a remanufacturing approach. Data from the commercial partners was collected and any identifying information was stripped. From this, we discovered that the Yaw gear pinion shaft is the top candidate for remanufacturing due to its high commercial value. After comparing various additive manufacturing technologies, Arc Directed Energy Deposition stands out as the best fit for remanufacturing this particular pinion shaft. Although our initial aim was to consider additive manufacturing technologies as solutions for remanufacturing, we show how even conventional manufacturing processes, such as friction welding, could emerge as strong contenders.
Integrating multiscale data for digital twin-enhanced manufacturing systems: A conceptual and case demonstration
Authors: Luo Yujia , Ball Peter
Published: August 2024

This paper explores the integration of data within digital twin-driven multiscale manufacturing systems, examining the core characteristics of data flows in digital twin (DT) environments tailored to manufacturing. In DT frameworks, data are inherently bidirectional, automated, and real-time, which are critical for maintaining the operational integrity of interconnected manufacturing subsystems. Different scales (from machine tool focus to supply chains) and timelines (from operations events to long term planning) make manufacturing system operation complex. This in turn means data integration across these scales and timelines is inherently complex. This study focuses on the dynamics of data flows in DT-driven manufacturing systems that support both forward and backward communication across DT modules and the central DT platform. The overall DT data scheme manages the supervision and cataloging of actions, which includes technical data related to machinery, processes, resources, and rules, alongside performance metrics across various scales and levels over time. A case study of a DT-driven manufacturing unit illustrates the data flow and interdependency in DT data framework. It highlights how data integration across multiple manufacturing stages can improve operational efficiency, fault diagnosis, and resource optimisation. This study lays the groundwork for the implementation of DT in complex, multiscale manufacturing systems by providing an extendible structured framework.
Prospects of Digital Twin for Dynamic Life Cycle Assessment of Smart Manufacturing Systems
Authors: Madarkar Rajeshkumar , Luo Xichun , Walker Charles , Puthanveettil Madathil Abhilash , Liu Qi
Published: August 2024

Smart manufacturing systems are poised to revolutionize industrial processes by leveraging advanced technologies for increased efficiency and productivity. However, alongside these advancements, there is a growing imperative to address environmental sustainability concerns. Conventional static life cycle assessment (LCA) methods often provide valuable insights into the environmental impacts of such manufacturing systems but often fall short in capturing real-time data and dynamic system interactions. Further, using the digital twin technology, physical assets can be virtually replicated in order to monitor, evaluate, and improve the particular manufacturing system. The dynamic properties can be effectively brought to LCA investigations by utilizing this technique. This paper explores the prospects of integrating digital twin technology for facilitating the dynamic LCA to enable comprehensive and timely environmental performance evaluation of smart manufacturing systems. We discuss the concepts, technological components, and potential applications of digital twin-enabled dynamic LCA, along with challenges and future research directions.
High entropy alloys and methods for synthesis
Authors: Mosinoiu Laurentiu Florin , Badea Ioana -Cristina , Sobetkii Anca Elena , Anasiei Ioana , Petriceanu Mirela , Mitrica Dumitru , Piticescu Radu- Robert
Published: August 2024

High entropy alloys (HEA) are now a well-known group of materials, which has been studied intensely in the past decade. Due to the high complexity of the various HEA structures and the wide compositional spectrum, the research in the field continues with important discoveries and high work volume. Numerous articles presented various modalities to describe the thermodynamics and atomic arrangement in HEA structures and develop specific criteria for the selection of compositions with predicted solid solution structures. The next step towards the industrial use of the new category of alloys needs to be taken and implies the necessity to describe the implications of methods for alloy synthesis, as the structures obtained would be the closest to the theoretically assumed equilibrium. A succinct review of the methods and results were presented in the article.
Exploring new pathways to enhance high entropy alloys properties
Authors: Șerban Beatrice – Adriana , Cursaru Laura – Mădălina , Badea Ioana – Cristina , Piticescu Radu Robert , Pogrebnjak Alexander
Published: August 2024

For decades, conventional alloys represented the main pillar of engineering applications. However, their performances reach the limit when it faces tough demanding environments. High-entropy alloys (HEAs) meet this important challenge by leveraging the concept of entropy to achieve a unique combination of properties. This scientific paper presents the HEAs coatings, exploring their general characteristics and the exciting possibilities they offer, then the focus will be on HEA coatings, analysing their advantages and potential applications. Finally, the discussion will be held on the modelling techniques used to understand and predict the behaviour of these type of alloys.
Genetic variation among diverse safflower genotypes for some agro-morphological traits
Authors: Sabaghnia Naser , Ebrahimi Hossein , Janmohammdi Mohsen
Published: August 2024

This study sought to investigate the genetic diversity among 100 safflower genotypes concerning seed yield performance and seventeen morphological traits and yield components. Employing an alpha 10 × 10 lattice design, the two trials were performed in 2022 and 2023, with two replicates. Principal component analyses (PCA) explained 65% and 61% of the variability in the first and second years respectively. In the first year, the yield of a single plant was positively correlated with plant height, lateral capitulum total weight and seed number and weight, and main capitulum seed number and weight. In the second year, the results obtained generally corroborated the first year. In both years, the PC1 and PC2 axes divided genotypes into four main groups which contained 14, 11, 15, and 10 entries respectively. Comparison of the traits of the four clusters demonstrated that Cluster-II and Cluster-IV exhibited the highest single plant yields., These clusters can therefore be considered as potential heterotic groups in crossbreeding programs aimed at producing genotypes with superior performance. About 21 genotypes of 100 studied were identified as good candidates for use in safflower breeding programs.
Die Bedeutung der Kombination von Pharmakodynamik und Pharmakoepidemiologie für das Verständnis und die Verbesserung der Arzneimittelsicherheit
Authors: Zeiss René , Gahr Maximilian , Connemann Bernhard , Durner Verena , Malejko Kathrin
Published: August 2024

Gegenstand und Ziel Die vorliegende Arbeit untersucht den kombinierten Ansatz von Pharmakoepidemiologie und Pharmakodynamik hinsichtlich seines Potenzials, das Verständnis und die Verbesserung der Arzneimittelsicherheit zu fördern.

Material und Methoden Die vorliegende narrative Übersichtsarbeit basiert auf einer umfassenden Literaturrecherche in der bibliografischen Datenbank MEDLINE. Der Fokus liegt auf Studien, die pharmakodynamische und pharmakoepidemiologische Daten integrieren.

Ergebnisse Die Integration pharmakodynamischer Daten, wie Rezeptorbindungsaffinitäten, mit pharmakoepidemiologischen Daten aus Spontanmeldedatenbanken hat bedeutende Erkenntnisse über die Mechanismen hinter Arzneimittelnebenwirkungen geliefert. In diesem Kontext haben Studien Korrelationen zwischen Rezeptoraffinitäten und unerwünschten Arzneimittelwirkungen aufgezeigt. Exemplarisch seien die Affinität zum Serotonintransporter und Blutungen sowie die Affinität zum Histamin-H1-Rezeptor und Diabetes genannt. Diese Erkenntnisse tragen zu einer Verbesserung unseres Verständnisses der Sicherheitsprofile von Arzneimitteln bei.

Schlussfolgerungen und klinische Relevanz Der pharmakodynamisch-pharmakoepidemiologische Ansatz ermöglicht wertvolle Einblicke in die Mechanismen und Risiken von Arzneimittelnebenwirkungen, insbesondere in der Psychopharmakologie.
eHealth im Community Health Nursing
Authors: Iversen Linda , Weritz Jonathan , Nock Annike , Waidhas Lukas , Petersen-Ewert Corinna
Published: August 2024

Hintergrund: Die steigende Prävalenz von Diabetes mellitus Typ 2 ist ein Gesundheitsproblem von globalem Ausmaß. Digitale Anwendungen in Form von Health Apps können Patient*innen bei der Alltagsbewältigung der Erkrankung unterstützen und die Versorgungsqualität steigern. Ein Problem stellen die unübersichtliche Fülle an mobilen Anwendungen sowie die fehlende Analyse zur Qualität und Handhabbarkeit dar. Community Health Nurses verfügen über die Kompetenz, geeignete Health Apps zu implementieren und insbesondere den Patient*innen näherzubringen.

Methodik: Um einen Überblick über die Wirksamkeit von Diabetes Health Apps von Diabetes Typ 2 zu erhalten, wurde im ersten Schritt eine systematische Literaturrecherche in internationalen Datenbanken abgeschlossen. Im nächsten Schritt wurde anhand ausgewählter Kriterien eine Analyse mit der Fragestellung, welche Health Apps sich im Setting von Community Health Nursing in der Versorgung von Patient*innen mit Diabetes mellitus Typ 2 eignen, durchgeführt.

Ergebnisse: Insgesamt konnten 10 Studien in die Analyse der Literaturrecherche einbezogen werden. Die Ergebnisse weisen darauf hin, dass sich durch die Verwendung von Diabetes Health Apps positive Effekte auf verschiedene klinische Ergebnisparameter erzielen lassen. In die Analyse aktueller Diabetes Health Apps wurden insgesamt N = 21 mobile Anwendungen inkludiert, von denen 5 Apps zwischen 6 und 7 der in der Literatur als wirksam identifizierten Auswahlkriterien aufweisen.

Schlussfolgerung: Health Apps können die Versorgungspraxis verbessern. Fünf der untersuchten Diabetes-Apps erfüllen die Voraussetzungen, um effektiv im Community Health Nursing eingesetzt zu werden.