bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Values Influencing the Practice of Investigative Journalism in Malaysia: Media Practitioners’ Perspectives
Authors:   Universiti Utara Malaysia, Ismail Adibah
Published: December 2021

Investigative journalism has been an American phenomenon, heavily embedded with their values. Scholars mentioned individualism and press freedom as two founding values of investigative journalism practice in the West. This study attempts to explore values influencing the practice of investigative journalism from a different viewpoint, by investigating Malaysia as a democratic country, but having a controlled media environment. Malaysia is also an interesting research subject because it is a developing country with strong Eastern values. Using local yardsticks, this study explores values influencing the practice of investigative journalism in Malaysia from local media practitioners’ perspectives. This research aims to explore more than just the differences between Western and Eastern culture, but also to understand how those different values influence the practice. In-depth interviews were used to explore the perspectives of 16 media practitioners from various backgrounds including editors and journalists who work in mainstream and alternative media in Malaysia. Vast data generated from the interviews pointing to a different viewpoint from current literature. The data, which was thematically analysed, revealed interesting findings which differentiate between Malaysian and Western practices of investigative journalism. The Eastern perspective was found to be dominant, especially in terms of collectivism culture, value of press freedom, and religious teachings influence. This study also highlighted the importance of considering the cultural factor in evaluating any journalism practice in the world. The study concludes that local values and culture must be included as research elements to understand a country’s journalism practice. Keywords: Investigative journalism, media culture, guiding values, press freedom, Malaysia.
The Influence of Charismatic Leadership Communication Towards the Credibility of Public Organisation in Malaysia
Authors:   University Utara Malaysia, Jamal Jamilah , Abu Bakar Hassan ,   University Utara Malaysia
Published: December 2021

The credibility of public organisation as the source of information often receives negative intuition and misinterpretation from the public at large. Since credibility of public organisation is very much related to public trust, scholars have focused on antecedents of organisational credibility such as leadership constructs to restore trust and confidence among the public. Yet not much research has investigated the role of charismatic leadership communication in building and establishing organisational credibility of the public organisation. The aim of this study is to examine the relationship between charismatic leadership communication and the influence of its three dimensions (task oriented, enthusiasm and empathy) with organisational credibility of public organisation in Malaysia. This study employed a quantitative approach to measure participants' perception on their organisational leadership communication and credibility. A total of 368 public organisation employees which were selected through stratified random sampling participated in the survey. The hypothesis of this study was tested using Pearson correlation to examine the relationship between the constructs, whereas multiple regression was used to examine the variance of each dimension of charismatic leadership communication on organisational credibility. The finding reveals that there is a significant relationship between charismatic leadership communication and public organisation credibility, while task-oriented communication appears to be the most significant dimension influencing the credibility of Malaysia public organisation. The implication of the study suggested that public organisational credibility is influenced by the way the information was delivered by the organisation through its charismatic leaders. Theoretical and practical contributions were advanced in this study. Keywords: Charismatic leadership communication, empathy, enthusiasm, task-related communication, organizational credibility.
A EDUCAÇÃO BRASILEIRA NO MOVIMENTO DA HISTÓRIA: CAMINHOS PERCORRIDOS E OS IMPACTOS SOCIAIS ADVINDOS DESTE PERCURSO
Authors: Araujo Maria Luiza Barbosa , De Castro Martins Maria Márcia Melo , Costa Frederico Jorge Ferreira
Published: December 2021

Tece um diálogo sobre a educação brasileira como particularidade integrante da totalidade social, concreta, com amparo em suas determinações históricas. Examina em que medida a educação nacional expressa o sentido onto-histórico desta vertente e discute seus desdobramentos sobre a sociedade brasileira. Este escrito configura uma demanda universitária de ordem teórica, com elementos de pesquisa bibliográfica e documental. Os resultados apontam que a educação brasileira se materializa por diversos caminhos, alguns destes na luta por direitos essenciais às pessoas, a exemplo da conquista de aparatos legais que melhor asseguram a educação, embora como efeito de tensões no âmbito da sociedade capitalista, atendendo, quase sempre, a interesses da classe dominante, a favor do crescimento do capital nacional e internacional. Nesse sentido, foi possível identificar, no movimento da história, um conjunto de acontecimentos de natureza social, política e econômica determinantes para o desenvolvimento da sociedade pátria, como um todo. Com efeito, considera-se que a educação é componente essencial para a humanização do ser, reprodução da sociedade e emancipação humana, devendo ser cuidada como prioridade social.
AVALIAÇÃO DA APRENDIZAGEM NA AMAZÔNIA AMAPAENSE: CONCEPÇÕES DE PROFESSORES DO ENSINO MÉDIO
Authors: Campos Marcelo da Rocha , Paixão Eliana do Socorro de Brito
Published: December 2021

Este trabalho pretende analisar as concepções de avaliação da aprendizagem para professores do Ensino Médio, de diferentes disciplinas, da Escola Estadual Maria Ivone de Menezes, localizada no bairro Cidade Nova, na cidade de Macapá/Amazônia Amapaense. Assim, intenta-se a investigação do seguinte problema: quais as concepções predominantes de avaliação da aprendizagem para professores do Ensino Médio da escola referenciada? O caminho metodológico da pesquisa foi delineado com abordagem qualitativa, coleta de dados realizada por meio de questionários aplicados aos professores das disciplinas: Língua Portuguesa, História, Artes, Sociologia, Química e Educação Física. Os resultados revelam que não há mais lugar para uma avaliação pautada no exame do que o aluno aprendeu. É preciso perceber a relevância de discutir sobre avaliação e o seu significado no âmbito do sistema de ensino, bem como acerca de instrumentos avaliativos utilizados e resultados alcançados, para a melhoria do ensino e da aprendizagem no sistema educativo, e não somente para a atribuição de médias ou notas.
USOS DOS RESULTADOS DO SARESP NA PRODUÇÃO DE CONHECIMENTO PUBLICADA EM PERÍODICOS CIENTÍFICOS NACIONAIS (1996-2018)
Authors: Borges Regilson Maciel , Sampaio Gustavo de Jesus , Corte Maria Aparecida Municardi
Published: December 2021

O artigo apresenta resultado de análise da produção de conhecimento sobre os usos dos resultados do SARESP publicada em periódicos científicos nacionais no período compreendido entre 1996 a 2018. Para tanto, propôs-se uma pesquisa bibliográfica associada as estratégias metodológicas adotadas pelos estudos denominados “estado do conhecimento” e pela análise de contéudo. Essa metodologia foi desenvolvida em quatro etapas: I) Mapeamento das fontes; II) Sistematização dos dados coletados; III) Análise e interpretação dos dados; e IV) Apresentação dos resultados da pesquisa. No levantamento foram encontrados 21 artigos sobre o SARESP nas bases de dados de periódicos SciELO e no Portal Educ@, 13 destes artigos apresentam elementos que correspondem aos objetivos dessa pesquisa. Os dados mostram que os usos dos resultados do SARESP são direcionados para “ações”, “divulgações”, “trabalho docente”, “culpabilização”, “bonificação”, “planejamento”, “direcionamento do currículo”, “controle das autoridades” e “capacitação docente”. Entendemos que os resultados das avaliações externas, caso do SARESP, ainda precisam de uma reflexão mais aprofundada por todos os interessados pelo processo avaliativo.
UMA ANÁLISE CRÍTICA DA AVALIAÇÃO EXTERNA DIANTE DA MERCANTILIZAÇÃO DA EDUCAÇÃO
Authors: Cardoso Cristiane Alves , Ferreira Valdivina Alves
Published: December 2021

O presente artigo objetiva analisar a relação entre avaliação externa e qualidade educacional diante da mercantilização da educação. Vive-se, atualmente, em uma sociedade onde a cultura neoliberal impregna todos os aspectos da vida, inclusive o educacional. Vê-se refletido na educação e na avaliação de qualidade uma estimulação dos imperativos de mercado e os impactos cruzam inúmeros aspectos pedagógicos, influenciam na perspectiva metodológica de ensino, e (sobremaneira) na avaliação do conhecimento. O objetivo final é sempre a qualidade da educação. Resta saber sob qual ângulo define-se esta qualidade. Assim, partir-se-á da avaliação externa, analisando-a enquanto estratégia de melhoria da qualidade educacional num cenário educativo neoliberal. Buscar-se-á estimular a reflexão sobre a avaliação externa no sistema educacional contemporâneo e a importância de uma formação crítica e humanista, dificilmente medida através de avaliações padronizadas
CENÁRIOS DA EDUCAÇÃO DA EDUCAÇÃO MUNICIPAL: PERSPECTIVA DA GESTÃO DEMOCRÁTICA
Authors: Dos Santos Almir Paulo , Esquinsani Rosimar Serena Siqueira , Viscarra Simone Piletti
Published: December 2021

Este trabalho discute o tema da gestão na educação básica e a gestão democrática no âmbito da educação municipal. Seu objetivo é identificar práticas de gestão democrática numa rede de ensino municipal, na construção coletiva, na participação e na concretização das ações propostas pela rede de ensino. A metodologia utilizada é de cunho qualitativo com coleta de dados através de questionário estruturado aplicado a gestores da rede de ensino. Evidenciam-se práticas democráticas de gestão já na formulação de políticas de educação municipal em ações conjuntas entre a secretaria municipal de educação e as gestões escolares, promovidas pela participação de todos/as profissionais da educação. As ações não provêm somente dos gestores/as, mas dos contextos da escola, dos espaços da sala de aula, das reuniões pedagógicas, dos conselhos escolares e da integração e coletividade de uma participação efetiva.
PROPOSTA DE UMA SEQUÊNCIA DIDÁTICA NO CONTEXTO MULTICULTURAL DO ENSINO DE BIOLOGIA
Authors: Cabral Lucas Munhoz , Pinho Kátia Elisa Prus , Gonzalez Carlos Eduardo Fortes
Published: December 2021

O presente trabalho apresenta a proposição de uma sequência didática composta de dez aulas, direcionada a docentes de Ciências Naturais e tendo como foco turmas de terceiro ano do Ensino Médio. Como base, foram adotadas as concepções do multiculturalismo crítico e do Ensino intercultural, em vista à aproximação da realidade dos estudantes às salas de aula de Biologia. O tema, por sua vez, foi o da relação entre problemas causados ao meio ambiente e ações humanas, trazendo, portanto, a união do plural ao natural. Com o material concretizado foi possível avaliar as suas contribuições e desafios. Como contribuição considera-se a sequência didática como uma possível referência aos docentes de Biologia, a um tema ainda incipiente e com poucas experiências relatadas. Os desafios partem da complexidade de elaboração de aulas baseadas nas concepções adotadas. Tais problemas colocam à prova a capacidade de renovação e criatividade de professores ligados às Ciências Naturais, em vista à elaboração de estratégias que se façam mais atentas à realidade dos alunos.
NEUROCIÊNCIAS E EDUCAÇÃO: CONVERGÊNCIAS E POSSIBILIDADES
Authors: Loise Zardo Andressa , Rechia Schroeder Tânia Maria
Published: December 2021

O objetivo deste artigo é localizar, diante da literatura publicada das neurociências e educação, suas contribuições para a área da educação, de modo a focar na prática pedagógica e no que está em frequente debate nas publicações recentes, dos últimos cinco anos. Para tanto, foi realizada uma revisão de literatura nas seguintes bases de dados: portal CAPES, CAFe, Scopus, Google Scholar e Pubmed, combinando palavras-chaves primárias e secundárias. Sabe-se que, atualmente, por meio de exames de imagem e uma maior tecnologia, temos acesso a um maior conhecimento a respeito das funções cerebrais e sua relação com a aprendizagem. Nesse sentido, a utilização dos conhecimentos das neurociências no campo da educação podem ser úteis aos professores, se pensados de forma interdisciplinar. O número de publicações nesta área tem um aumento significativo a cada ano e no Catálogo de Teses e Dissertações CAPES, a área das ciências humanas representa maioria, com 17% das publicações dos últimos cinco anos. Apesar da possibilidade, a temática é ainda pouco explorada pelos educadores, visto que os achados de pesquisa sugerem que as neurociências, quando relacionadas ao aprendizado, é mais explorado nas áreas médicas do que nas educacionais.
Programs for the Prevention of Adolescent Bullying in the Activities of a Teacher-Psychologist
Authors: Volkova E.N.
Published: December 2021

Prevention of adolescent bullying is one of the leading areas of activity of a teacher-psychologist. Being a widespread issue of the modern school bullying in adolescence demands to be separated from other aggressive behaviors by specific criteria. There are: primary prevention, aimed at pre-venting bullying situations in an educational institution, at forming public unacceptance of aggressive behavior, at creating an active position to stop it; secondary prevention, which implies the containment of provocative bullying factors and the strengthening of protective factors (first of all, the optimization of relationships in the adolescent environment and the dyads “adolescent — adult (teacher, parent)”; tertiary prevention, which is a set of measures of psychological assistance to victims, abusers and witnesses of bullying and their social environment. At each level of preventive work, measures are developed in four main directions: work at the school level in general, work at the school class level, work at the family level, work at the individual level (with an adolescent). In each of these areas of work, a teacher-psychologist, classroom teachers of secondary classes, a social teacher, and deputy director for educational work have their own tasks and responsibilities. They take part in the development of a unified school anti-bullying program as members of a single team. There are specifics in prevention programs — depending on the role of an adolescent in bullying: a victim, an abuser or a witness. The basis for the development of a bullying prevention pro-gram at school is to understand and take into account the main patterns of school bullying identified on the basis of the analysis of the results of scientific research in this area, as well as an analysis of the specific situation in an educational institution and school monitoring data on bullying cases.
The Continuing of Traditions: On the III National Scientific-Practical Conference with International Participation to the 110th Anniversary of Susanna Rubinstein
Authors: Zvereva N.V. , Roschina I. , Hromov A.
Published: December 2021

The article is devoted to the traditional conference on clinical psychology held on November 25-26, 2021 in Moscow for the third time. The Conference was dedicated in the memory of Susanna Yakovlevna Rubinstein. A hybrid format of the conference is described, a wide geography of participants from Russia and abroad is shown, detailed topics of the plenary and breakout sessions, as well as workshops are presented.
Information System for Diagnostics of Stress Resistance of Teachers
Authors: Nurkaeva I.M. , Artemova A.A.
Published: December 2021

The article deals with the development of an information system for the diagnosis of stress resistance of teachers. The basic requirements for the system under development are defined.
About Pedagogical Skills, Psychological Obstacles in Learning and Science and Imaginative Thinking
Authors: Kulanin Y.D.
Published: December 2021

The article deals with the psychological and mathematical problems of teaching mathematics in higher education in the context of the humanitarization of mathematical education. An attempt is made to identify objective reasons that hinder the successful assimilation of the subject.
Van İli Atıksu Arıtma Tesisleri İşletme Sorunları ve Çözüm Önerileri
Authors: ÖZGÜVEN Ayşe , DURAK Ahmet , DEMİR YETİŞ Ayşegül
Published: December 2021

Kullanılmış suların çevreye olan zararlarını azaltmak ve su kaynaklarımızın devamlılığını sağlamak için atıksu arıtma tesisleri kurulmaktadır. Evsel nitelikli atıksular farklı proses ve teknolojiler kullanılarak arıtılmaktadır. Günümüzde evsel atıksu arıtımında kullanılan en yaygın sistemler aktif çamur, stabilizasyon havuzları, damlatmalı filtre ve aneorobik arıtma gibi biyolojik sistemlerdir. Karakterizasyon bakımından farklı özelliğe sahip olan evsel atıksular için mevcut proseslerin optimize edilmesi veya bölge koşulları dikkate alınarak uygun arıtma teknolojilerinin kullanılması önem arz etmektedir. Fizibilite çalışmalarının yetersizliği, tip proje uygulamaları ve proje hataları ile birlikte, mekanik, elektrik, inşaat kaynaklı sorunlar, atıksu arıtma tesisleri problemlerini oluşturmaktadır. Çıkış suyunda istenilen kalitenin elde edilmesi ve tesiste işletme maliyetlerin azaltılması için projelendirme, inşaat ve işletme aşamalarında yapılan hatalar en aza indirilmelidir. Bu çalışmada Van iline hizmet eden ve şuan işletmede olan İskele, Edremit, Gevaş, Başkale, Çelebibağ ve Gölağzı olmak üzere 6 adet atıksu arıtma tesisinin genel özellikleri de dikkate alınarak ilk kez il özelinde tesis bazlı olarak işletme problemleri araştırılmış ve bunlara yönelik çözüm önerileri değerlendirilmiştir.
Lo construido: ¿siempre hay que hacer?
Authors: López Ujaque José Manuel , Capdevila Castellanos Iván
Published: December 2021

Cualquier proyecto que trabaja sobre preexistencias construidas conlleva un acto de diseño que, como toda obra, se puede afrontar de maneras muy diversas. Por lo general, la historia de la intervención arquitectónica nos ha encaminado a entenderlo como un proceso de puesta en valor de lo extraordinario y casi siempre tendente hacia un hacer intelectual y material mayúsculo. A través de varios casos de estudio, asociados principalmente a dos exposiciones comisariadas por OMA y por el pabellón alemán en sendas Bienales de Arquitectura de Venecia (2010 y 2012), el artículo plantea abrir preguntas sobre una alternativa de hacer sobre lo prexistente: ¿Se puede entender también ese hacer desde un punto de vista contemplativo? ¿Se puede reconocer valor también en lo genérico y no solo en lo extraordinario?
Long-run asymmetric association between FDI and productivity in Turkey
Authors: Okşak Yüksel , Koyuncu Cüneyt
Published: December 2021

Incoming foreign direct investments (FDI) may enhance the productivity level of the host country by bringing new advanced technologies. On the other hand, the nexus of FDI and productivity, rather than being linear, might be nonlinear because the effect of increases and decreases in FDI on productivity may not be symmetric. In this sense, this study investigates the asymmetric relationship between FDI and productivity in Turkey by using two different productivity indicators (i.e., PROD1 and PROD2) and employing a Nonlinear ARDL approach. Our hypothesis claims there is an asymmetric association between FDI and productivity in the long run in Turkey. Nonlinear cointegration test findings indicate that selected variables are cointegrated. Hence, they move together in the long run. Our study uses aggregated data at the macro level to analyze the long-term asymmetric relationship between foreign direct investment and labor productivity in Turkey using the NARDL estimation technique. Concerning the estimation results, a long-run nonlinear relationship between incoming FDI and labor productivity was detected, and this finding remained valid across two models constructed by using two distinct labor productivity indicators. As a whole, our results are consistent with the ones found in the literature. Besides, for the first time in the literature, this study addresses the long-run asymmetric nexus between FDI and labor productivity by using macro-level data specific to Turkey and makes various policy recommendations.
Analysis of heat transfer performance of the absorber tube with convergent-divergent structure for parabolic trough collector
Authors: XUYI Zhao , FUQIANG Wang , XUHANG Shi , ZIMING Cheng , XIANGTAO Gong
Published: December 2021

In order to effectually improve the performance of parabolic trough solar collector system and homogenize the temperature distribution on the absorber tube, an innovative convergent-divergent tube was designed as the absorber tube of PTR. The finite volume method (FVM) and the Monte Carlo ray tracing method (MCRT) are combined to simulate the heat transfer process in parabolic trough collector. The average relative error between the numerical results and the experimental results conducted in the Spanish DISS test facility is 1.103%, which confirms the reliability of the simulation results in this paper. The heat transfer characteristics and flow characteristics of PTR and convergent-divergent PTR are compared in the inlet velocity range of 0.05-0.75m/s, and the effect of the number of zoom sections(N) for CD-PTR performance is also studied. The simulation results show that the parabolic trough collector with convergent-divergent tube has significantly enhanced heat transfer capability. The average Nu of CD-PTR increases as the number of zoom sections increases, and is always higher than that of PTR. When Re=86400 and N=25, the average Nu increased by 66%.
Numerical investigation of effect of different parameter on heat transfer for a crossflow heat exchanger by using nanofluids
Authors: KILIC Mustafa , ULLAH Atta
Published: December 2021

The heat loads on electronic systems of an unmanned air vehicle are a significant problem. So enhancing heat transfer is a critical key to solve these thermal problems. This study is focused on increasing heat transfer rate in a crossflow heat exchanger by using nanofluids numerically. Effects of different Reynolds number of hot fluid (Re= 6000, 8000, 10000, 12000), different inlet velocity (Vair,inlet=30, 45, 60, 90 m/s) of cooling fluid, temperature of cooling air at different altitude (Tair,inlet=15, 10, 4, -17℃) and different types of nanofluids (Cu-H2O, CuO-H2O, TiO2-H2O, H2O) on heat transfer were studied numerically. Realizable k-ε turbulence model of ANSYS FLUENT computational fluid dynamics code was used for numerical analysis. It was obtained that increasing Reynolds number from Re=6000 to 12000 causes an increase of 44.65% on average Nusselt Number. Increasing inlet velocity of cooling air from 30 m/s to 90 m/s causes an increase of 6.96% on average Nusselt number. Increasing or decreasing air inlet temperature at different attitude does not cause any significant change on average Nusselt number. Using Cu-H2O nanofluid, which shows the best performance, causes an increase of 6.63% on average Nusselt number according H2O. Numerical results were also compared with experimental results at literature. It was obtained that numerical model can represent experimental results in a good level.
Estimation of hourly global solar radiation using artificial neural network in Adana province, Turkey
Authors: GONCU Onur , KOROGLU Tahsin , OZDIL Naime Filiz
Published: December 2021

Since global solar radiation (GSR) is an important parameter for the design, installation, and operation of solar energy-based systems, it is important to have precise information about it. As the indicating devices are expensive and their requirements such as operation and maintenance should be carried out, the measurement of solar radiation cannot be frequently taken. On the other hand, the measurements of different meteorological parameters such as relative humidity, sunshine duration, and ground surface temperature are more prevalent in meteorology stations. Therefore, the estimation of solar radiation is a significant parameter for the areas where the measurements could not be performed and to complete the missing information in databases. Many different models, software, and simulation programs are utilized to calculate solar radiation data, provide an economic advantage, and obtain high accuracy. The main purpose of this study is to perform an estimation of solar radiation in Adana, where is on the east of the Mediterranean in Turkey, by using an artificial neural network (ANN) model. The best estimation performance is obtained by optimizing the neuron numbers used in the network’s hidden layer with the trial and error method. With this aim, hourly data including wind speed, wind direction, humidity, sunshine duration, actual pressure, and average temperature are taken as inputs while solar radiation is taken as a target. All these data, which is for 2018, has taken from the Turkish State Meteorological Service. A linear correlation coefficient value has been obtained to be about 0.87313 with the mean square error (MSE) of 1.6184x104 W/m2 for the testing data set. The ANN’s testing/validation results show that it has a low MSE, indicating the accuracy and adequacy of the network model. Besides, the predicted ANN output is evaluated to be remarkably close to the measured target data by considering the linear correlation coefficient.
The Relationship Between Self-Regulation, Self-Efficacy, and Psychological Well-Being Among the Salahaddin University Undergraduate Students in Kurdistan
Authors: Salleh Reben Ramadhan , Ismail Nik A. Hisham Hisham , Idrus Faizah
Published: December 2021

Self-regulation, self-efficacy, and psychological well-being are essential requirements in the academic environment. Psychological well-being is indispensable for students’ emotional balance and healthy growth and development. The recent study investigated the relationship between self-regulation, self-efficacy, and psychological well-being among Kurdish students at Salahaddin University. The objectives of the research are as follows: (1) to examine the prevalence level of self-regulation, self-efficacy, and psychological well-being among the Salahaddin University undergraduate students; (2) to examine the relationship of self-regulation and self-efficacy with psychological well-being among the Salahaddin University undergraduate students; and (3) to examine the effect of self-regulation and self-efficacy on psychological well-being among the Salahaddin University undergraduate students. The study employed quota sampling, and there were 407 respondents selected for it. Analysis techniques were presented in descriptive, Pearson Correlation, and Multiple Regression Analysis (MRA). The research shows a low level of self-regulation and self-efficacy among the Salahaddin University undergraduate students. However, psychological well-being is high. The study further demonstrates a positive and statistically significant relationship between self-regulation, self-efficacy, and psychological well-being among the Salahaddin University undergraduate students. Finally, the study showed that only self-regulation significantly affected psychological well-being among the Salahaddin University undergraduate students.
Overview of Gadget Utilization and Its Effect on Growth and Development in Preschool Children
Authors: Andriani Rini
Published: December 2021

The gadget utilization among preschoolers in connection with technological advances is known to have positive and negative effects on growth and development. This study aims to identify the overview of gadget utilization and its effect on growth and development in preschool children. An analytic survey with a cross-sectional design was conducted by filling out questionnaires carried out by parents. The anthropometric measurements and developmental assessments were carried out using Indonesia Developmental Pre-screening Questionnaire (IDPQ). A hundred children and their parents participated in this study. It was found that 82% of parents lent their gadgets, and 89% taught their children to use gadgets. There were similarities in gadget utilization between parents and children, namely watching videos (73% and 90%) and communicating (92% and 40.4%). The duration of the gadget utilization by children was high, 3.7±2.2 hours/day. However, no significant correlation in the analysis between the duration of smartphone usage and nutritional status (p: 0.599). In children with different IDPQ values, there was no significant difference in the duration of device usage (p: 0.991). It can concluded the duration of the gadget utilization in children carried out by their parents did not affect the growth and development of the children.
Determination of the effects of the simultaneous use of ethanol-diesel emulsion as the main fuel and post-injection fuel in a diesel engine on engine performance and emissions
Authors: GÜRBÜZ Hüseyin
Published: December 2021

In this article, the effects of heated ethanol diesel blend on emissions were investigated experimentally. Additionally, the effect of post-injection strategies on emissions in the AVL Boost model engine, which has the same characteristics as the experimental engine running with ethanol-diesel emulsion fuel, was investigated as a simulation. In a special designed mixer, the ethanol-diesel emulsion (E10) formed with 10% ethanol and 2% isopropyl was stirred at 40 °C. The emulsion temperature was kept constant between 35-40 °C during the experiments. The homogeneous residence time of the blended fuel improved with increasing temperature. Post-injection strategy tests at 2 different crank angles were mathematically analyzed separately for ethanol diesel emulsion as a post-injection fuel in the simulation software. NOx emissions decreased with E10 fuel at low speeds compared to E0 fuel. Slightly increased NOx emissions in the Bpi2 strategy compared to the Bpi1 strategy. In addition, soot emissions reduced with Bpi1 at all engine speeds. The brake specific fuel consumption with the E10 blend increased by 4.36% compared to E0. However, the brake specific fuel consumption was slightly reduced in the Bpi1 and Bpi2 injection strategies tests compared to the E10 experiment.
Fostering Pre-Service Teachers’ Antiracist Expectations through Online Education: Implications for Teacher Education in the Context of Global Pandemics
Authors: Rojas Leticia , Liou Daniel
Published: December 2021

The increase in online education programs, accompanied by the current COVID-10 pandemic, has led universities to reconsider alternative ways to prepare teachers for social justice. One under-researched area in this conversation is the need for teacher candidates to examine their racialized expectations that often negate students of color in TK-12 classrooms. This self-study describes one faculty member’s digital critical race praxis (DigitalCrit praxis) as a mediator of her expectations to prepare pre-service teachers for social justice. Research findings have implications for critical multicultural education, digitally based instruction, and teacher preparation.
COVID-19, Distance Learning and the Digital Divide: A Case of Higher Education in the United States and Pakistan
Authors: Asher Sunaina
Published: December 2021

This multiple case study describes the experiences of students, faculty and administrators with distance learning during this pandemic in the context of a Midwestern University in United States and an elitist University in Lahore, Pakistan. The participants were invited to talk about their experiences through a Zoom interview. Data were analyzed thematically and the findings revealed that the issue of the digital divide was as much as problem in higher education as in K-12. Digital divide in Pakistan is far greater due to lack of investment in educational technology. The paper ends with acknowledging the potential limitations and making recommendations for leadership and teaching practice.
Beyond Apple Pies, Popsicles and Patriotism: Leveraging Digital Literacy to Unpack Matters of Race, Power, and Privilege
Authors: Shelby-Caffey Crystal
Published: December 2021

It is important for all educators, but especially those working in P-12 systems, to not only be prepared to navigate the digital terrain but to do so while taking a critical stance and encouraging students to critically examine and confront injustice. To that end, this article spotlights the work being done in a literacy methods course for preservice teachers. Consideration is given to efforts to engage preservice teachers in the integration of information communication technologies (ICTs) in ways that develop critical consciousness while promoting social justice and equity.
Access and Inclusion of Students with Disabilities in Virtual Learning Environments: Implications for Post-Pandemic Teaching
Authors: Porter Susan G. , Greene Kai , Esposito M. C. Kate
Published: December 2021

This article reviews the extant literature showing impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on access to inclusive education for students with disabilities. It also explores the disproportionate impacts of distance learning and school closures during the COVID-19 pandemic on the legal rights, social-emotional supports, and quality of instruction for special education students and their families. Early data show that educational impacts of COVID-19 have exacerbated long-standing issues of inequity; these impacts may have long-term repercussions for this underserved group of students. The authors introduce frameworks that may inform future instructional practices to successfully teach students with disabilities in virtual learning environments.
Special Issue Editorial:
Authors: Park Aileen , Ramirez Pablo , Sparks Paul
Published: December 2021

The global pandemic has brought about fundamental changes in education. The abrupt closing of schools has disrupted the teaching and learning processes and presented challenges for schools worldwide. This Special Issue explores “digital inclusion” through the use of technology-facilitated learning platforms and modalities within the multicultural environment of schooling. It especially gives attention to cases that highlight the responses of parents, teachers, administrators, and students in countries that have the digital infrastructure and technological advancement and in those that do not in order to question the “digital divide” and the challenges and implications that this disparity brings to education.
Kelâm’da Zanla İstidlâlin İmkân ve Değeri
Authors: SÜT Abdulnasır
Published: December 2021

Kelamcılar arasında zannî bilginin dinin temel itikadî ilkelerinin tespitinde belirleyici ve bağlayıcı olarak esas alınamayacağı görüşü hâkimdir. Bununla birlikte kesinlik ifade eden bilginin hangi kaynaklardan ve nasıl elde edileceği ve hangi bilgi türlerinin kat‘î olduğu hususu yoğun bir şekilde tartışılmıştır. Kat‘î ve zannî bilgi, delile dayanma açısından ortak bir noktada buluşmaktadır. Zannî bilgi, kesinlik ifade etmeyen aklî ve/veya naklî delille elde edilmektedir. Zan, mahiyet açısından vehim, şek, itikat ve ilim kavramlarıyla ilişkiliyken değer açısından ise daha çok ilim ve itikat kavramlarına yakın durmaktadır. Bir bilgi/hüküm zannîlik açısından derecelendirmeye tabi tutulduğunda, doğruluk tarafı ağır basıyorsa zan, zayıf kalıyorsa vehim vasfını almaktadır. Doğru olup-olmadığı eşit düzeyde ise bu hüküm şek ismiyle anılmaktadır. Aklî delilden elde edilen bilgi/hüküm sabit, değişmez ve uygunluk yönünden başka şekilde olmasına imkân vermeyecek bir kesinlikte olması halinde kat‘î bilgi adını alır. Kelâmcılar ulûhiyet bahislerinde (Allah’ın varlığı, birliği, kadim oluşu, sıfatların zat ile ilişkisi, Allah’ın âlemle ilişkisi, âlemin hadis oluşu gibi), nübüvvetin imkânı ve ispatında bu tür bilgi sağlayan kıyas, istikra, sebr ve taksim gibi aklî istidlal yöntemlerine başvurmuşlardır. Delil kesin bilgi sağlamıyorsa zan ifade eder, bu delil ayrıca zannî delil, emare olarak da nitelenir. Kelâmcılar aklî açıdan zan ifade eden meşhûrât, müsellemât, makbûlât ve temsilden oluşan bilgi türlerinin dinin temel itikadî konularını temellendirmekten ziyade muhataplarını ikna etmek ve muarızlarını ilzâm etmek için kullanmışlardır. Kelâmcılar temel itikadî konuların başında yer alan ulûhiyet bahislerinde daha çok aklî delilleri kullanmakla birlikte dinin temel konularını belirleyen nakle de önemli ölçüde yer vermişlerdir. Bu bağlamda kelâmcılar sübût ve delalet açısından kat’î olan naklî delili bağlayıcı ve belirleyici kabul etmişlerdir. Nitekim dinin temel itikadî ilkeleri sonuç itibariyle bu tür naklî delillere dayanmaktadır. Bununla birlikte kelâmcılar her ne kadar sübût ve delâlet açısından kat‘î olmayan haber-i vâhid gibi delilleri bağlayıcı kabul etmemişlerse de bazı sem‘î konularda bu türden delillerle istidlâlde bulunmuşlardır. Bu perspektiften hareket eden kelâmcılar ahiret ahvali kapsamında yer alan kabir azabı, mizan, şefaat, sırat gibi sem‘î konuları aklî istidlalden ziyade naklî delille temellendirmeye çalışmışlardır. Bu çalışma klasik kelâmî kaynaklarda tartışılagelen zannî bilginin istidlal değerini ve kullanım alanını konu edinmiş ve elde edilen veriler nitel bir yöntemle farklı açılardan değerlendirmeye tabi tutulmuştur. Bu cümleden olmak üzere zannî bilginin bazı tâli itikadî konularda geçerli olduğu ve kelâmda zannın istidlal değerinin olmadığı yönündeki söylemin mutlak olmadığı sonucuna varılmıştır.
Ontoloji-Epistemoloji İlişkisinde Uzlaştırmacı Bir Kavram Önerisi: Şemseddin es-Semerkandî'de İtibârî Vücûdî Mâhiyet
Authors: TANRIBİLİR Tarık
Published: December 2021

Hanefî-Mâtürîdî kelâm geleneğinde felsefî kelâm yöntemini benimseyen ilk âlim olan Şemseddin es-Semerkandî, kelâm, mantık, matematik, astronomi, tefsir, âdâb ve münâzara gibi çeşitli alanlarda eserler vererek kendisini aklî ve naklî ilimlerde kanıtlamış önemli bir Türk-İslâm düşünürüdür. Sisteminin merkezine mantık ilmini yerleştiren Semerkandî, ileri sürülen her görüş ve delili mantıksal analiz etmiş ve hakikate ulaşmayı amaçlamıştır. Onun kesin ve gerçek bilgiye ulaşmayı amaçladığı konuların başında ilahî sıfatlar, evrenin zamansallığı ve Tanrı-evren ilişkisi gelmektedir. Bu meyanda Semerkandî, ilahî ve evrensel sıfatların ontolojik karakterini analiz etmiştir. İşe mâhiyet çeşitlerini analiz etmekle başlayan yazar için itibârî vücûdî mâhiyet kavramı kilit rol oynamaktadır. Vücûdî kavramını, “öz anlamında ve hakikatinde herhangi bir olumsuzluk bulunmayan” şeklinde tanımlayarak vücûdî olmak için bir blok olarak var olmayı ve varlığında hiçbir olumsuzluk bulunmamayı şart koşan Semerkandî, bu kavrama özgün bir açılım getirmektedir.

Taayyünü, “mevcûdu zihnî ve haricî varlıkların tamamından ayrıştıran bir sıfat” olarak tanımlayan Semerkandî, bu kavramın vücûdî bir mâhiyete sahip olduğunu iddia etmektedir. Vâcip varlık hakkındaki kaygıları neticesinde vâcip varlık ile taayyünü özdeş kabul eden İslâm filozoflarını yadsımayan Semerkandî, taayyünü “vücûdî” olarak değerlendirmesi durumunda Tanrı hakkında ortaya çıkabilecek çokluk ve nedenlilik şaibelerini de “itibârî” kavramıyla aşmaktadır. Nitekim Semerkandî, varlığı hakikî ve itibarî olmak üzere iki kısma ayırıp hakikî varlığı, “gerçek anlamda mevcûd olup hiçbir aklî varsayıma dayanmayan”; itibarî varlığı ise “aklî varsayıma dayanan” şeklinde tanımlamaktadır. Bu durumda ise gerçek bir çokluk ya da nedenlilikten söz etmek mümkün değildir.

Semerkandî, vücûb kavramının itibarî vücûdî mâhiyet kapsamına girdiğini iddia etmektedir. Zira vücûb, “zâtın zorunlu olarak varlığı gerektirmesi” anlamına gelmektedir. Varlığı gerektiren bir şeyin varlığın hükmünü alması gerektiğinden dolayı vücûbun da vücûdî olması gerektiği çıkarılmaktadır. O, vücûb kavramını nesnel varlıktan bağışık, bilişsel bir oluşum anlamında itibarî mâhiyet ile nitelendirerek Tanrı hakkında ortaya çıkabilecek bir çokluk şaibesinin de önüne geçmektedir.

İmkânın vücûdî bir mâhiyet olarak değerlendirilmesinin Tanrı’nın mûcib bizzât, evrenin ise kadîm olmasını gerektirebileceği endişesiyle kelâmcılar, imkânı ademî bir mâhiyet olarak kabul etmişlerdir. Semerkandî, imkânın hakikî ademî ya da itibarî vücûdî mâhiyet kapsamında kabul edilebileceğini ifade etmektedir. Nitekim imkânın bu minvalde değerlendirilmesi Tanrı’nın mûcib bizzât, evrenin ise kadîm olması ihtimallerini de ortadan kaldırmaktadır.

Tanrı’ya isnat edilip de O’nun zâtında çokluk oluşturabilecek ya da evrene isnat edilip de evrenin kadîm olmasına neden olabilecek sıfatlar, itibarî vücûdî mâhiyet kapsamında değerlendirilerek Tanrı’nın birliği ve O’nun yegâne kadîm varlık olduğu fikri temellendirilmiştir.
Kant, Bergson, and Iqbal on the Concept of Time and its Effect on Iqbal’s Reconstruction of Freewill
Authors: KARAKAYA Baki , KAPUSUZ Asiye Şefika Sümeyye
Published: December 2021

Philosophy should be understood with its accumulative structure. Thus, when one strives to understand a philosopher’s thoughts, he/she should not isolate the philosopher from the previous and contemporary theories in his/her era; and should take into account this accumulative and continuous structure. In this context, Kant’s, Bergson’s, and Iqbal’s understandings of time seem to have continuity in themselves, even if they might be seen as having incompatible points. Kant’s understanding of time can be considered in two periods as pre-Critical and Critical. In the former, Kant accepts the own-reality and existence of time itself, outside of the human mind. But he also sows the seed of an understanding of time as a prior intuition to all sensations, while he is still in his pre-critical period. Hence, his focus seems to have shifted to a subject-centred approach. In his critical period, subject-centrality becomes more obvious and Kant claims that time is prior to any externality. According to him, time locates things in simultaneity and succession for the perception of mind as a sensible intuition. Bergson, on the other hand, clearly exploits Kant, even though he criticizes Kant in many aspects. Bergson’s understanding of time is comprised of two components: Pure duration and homogenous time. Pure duration is affected by the Kantian conception of time in the sense of being subject-centred. It is the time that each consciousness has individually as a combination of one’s past and present in a whole; and it is, in its essence, heterogeneous, unorderly successive, and indivisible. Homogenous time has its roots, again, in Kant’s thoughts in the sense of being serial and simultaneous. It is the impersonal common ground for individuals on which pure durations can work in a harmony. When it comes to Iqbal, he benefits from both Kant’s time as a form of sensible intuition and Bergson’s pure duration. Iqbal, by using both of these concepts of time, reconstructs the Divine Time in Islamic thought, and thus, freewill. By means of pure duration and creativity, mechanical understanding of the universe is refused by Bergson and Iqbal. By doing so, Iqbal allows freewill to permeate through pure duration of the God, namely the Divine Time, and to penetrate into pure durations of all egos. Throughout this article, we mainly intend to retrace Iqbal’s reconstruction of freewill by having use of the concept of pure duration, and the Divine Time as pure duration of the God.
Is Digital Scholarship Meaningful?: A Campus Study Tracking Multidisciplinary Perceptions
Authors: Eichmann-Kalwara Nickoal , Carey Frederick , Hart Cantrell Melissa , Gilbert Stacy , White Philip B. , Mika Katherine
Published: December 2021

Increased computational and multimodal approaches to research over the past decades have enabled scholars and learners to forge creative avenues of inquiry, adopt new methodological approaches, and interrogate information in innovative ways. As such, academic libraries have begun to offer a suite of services to support these digitally inflected and data-intense research strategies. These supports, dubbed digital scholarship services in the library profession, break traditional disciplinary boundaries and highlight the methodological significance of research inquiry. Externally, however, these practices appear as domain-specific niches, e.g., digital history or digital humanities in humanities disciplines, e-science and e-research in STEM, and e-social science or computational social science in social science disciplines. The authors conducted a study examining the meaningfulness of the term digital scholarship within the local context at University of Colorado Boulder by investigating how the interpretation of digital scholarship varies according to graduate students, faculty, and other researchers. Nearly half of the definitions (46 percent) mentioned research process or methods as part of digital scholarship. Faculty and staff declined or were unable to define digital scholarship more often than graduate students or post-doctoral researchers. Therefore, digital scholarship as a term is not meaningful to all researchers. We recommend that librarians inflect their practices with the understanding that researchers and library users’ perceptions of digital scholarship vary greatly across contexts.
Complex innovations in agriculture, environment, and health – the perceptions of rice farmers in the Jequetepeque Valley, Peru
Authors: Távora Renata , Drummond José Augusto , Santandreu Alain , Luján Anita , Ráez-Luna Ernesto , Montalvan Ester , Ogusuko Elena , Mertens Frédéric
Published: December 2021

The increased use of water in irrigated rice monocultures in the Jequetepeque Valley, on the northern coast of Peru, has exacerbated environmental, socioeconomic and health problems. The Alternate Wetting and Drying (AWD) irrigation technique aims to increase water management efficiency in rice cultivation. The objective of the present article is to understand farmers’ perceptions about the benefits and risks of implementing AWD. Data from interviews with 319 farmers showed that they recognise nine interactions between AWD's economic, environmental and health aspects but prioritise economic factors when assessing its benefits. We also identified the main channels and spaces of communication and debate on issues related to agriculture and health that are likely to be effective in promoting the diffusion of AWD. The study demonstrated the relevance of integrated actions to encourage the adoption of agricultural innovations which consider the interactions between environmental sustainability, health issues, and producers' economic priorities.
Association Between Smoking and Foot Ulcer among Patients with Diabetes Mellitus, Wad Medani, Sudan
Authors: AbdElrahman Elnour Eltilib Abeer
Published: December 2021

Background: This study aimed to assess the relationship between smoking and diabetic foot ulcer (DFU) among adult diabetic patients presenting to Aldarga Diabetic Center, Wad Medani, Sudan in 2020.
Methods: This comprehensive study is based on primary data obtained via a longitudinal cross-section random sample of 400 patients with diabetes mellitus who presented to Aldarga Diabetic Health Center in Wad Medani Town, Gezira State, Sudan between September and December 2020. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire. The core questions included two main dimensions: sociodemographic variables and smoking. Data were analyzed using the SPSS software, v.20, using descriptive and inferential statistics, namely, frequency tables and graphs, showing the Chi-square test of the relationship between the dependent and the independent variables.
Results: Of the 400 participants, 96 were clearly diagnosed with foot ulcer giving a proportion of 33% in the sample. There was a statistically significant relationship between smoking and DFU. A Chi-square test was done to measure the relationship between smoking and foot ulcer, which was significant at P = 0.043.
Conclusion: Extensive awareness programs to control the negative effect of smoking in accelerating DFU and amputation are necessary.