bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Overview. Analysis of ensuring climate information collection for carrying out social and hygienic monitoring
Authors:   North-Western State Medical University named after I. I. Mechnikov, Noskov Sergei ,   North-West Public Health Research Center, Yeremin Gennady ,   North-Western State Medical University named after I. I. Mechnikov, Mironenko Olga ,   North-Western State Medical University named after I. I. Mechnikov,   St. Petersburg State University, Fedorova Ekaterina ,   North-Western State Medical University named after I. I. Mechnikov
Published: December 2021

Earth’s climate change and its adverse consequences are a global problem at the international level. On the territory of the Russian Federation, climatic conditions change approximately 2.5 times more intensively than on average on the planet, average annual temperatures are rising in all physical and geographical regions and federal districts. To solve this problem, the Russian Federation has ratified a number of international documents and developed measures to adapt to climate change. To improve social and hygienic monitoring, — dynamics of changes in air temperature, air velocity, relative air humidity, and atmospheric pressure are used as major indicators in climate assessment, bioclimatic indices being their integral assessment indicators. We can state with good reason that the forecast and meteorological factor effects on human body are the most important links in social and hygienic monitoring. Currently, in spite of many years of research, mechanisms, character and significance of this phenomenon remain largely uncertain. Absence of reliably identified consistent patterns restrains from further research to reveal subtle physiological mechanisms causing human body response to climatic changes.
Criminal activity of the population during the pandemic: Preconditions, situation and possible risks
Authors:   St. Petersburg State University, Shipunova Tatyana V.
Published: December 2021

The COVID-19 pandemic has significantly intensified all social processes and has given rise to a series of negative social phenomena. In the article, the author considers only one of them — crime. The author analyzes the features of the criminal activity of the Russian population during the pandemic. The following preconditions for the criminalization of the Russian population during the pandemic are noted: uncontrollability of the process to prevent the virus from spreading; deterioration of the situation of the population; unsuccessful optimization of healthcare in previous years; lack of control over the activities of the political and economic elite, which controls the distribution of social benefits. An analysis of the criminal activity of the Russian population showed that it is characterized by both global trends and some specific characteristics. These characteristics include: the growth of banditry, extremism and organized crime; an increase in the number of grave and especially grave crimes; high levels of corruption and economic crime. Particularly alarming is the damage caused by white-collar crime, in particular, in the implementation of national projects. The risks of criminal activity are also highlighted: legal practice in relation to organized crime of business structures; further deterioration of the situation of the population; imperfection of the law regarding domestic violence; high level of corruption among officials; the rapid development of cyberbullying, leading to an increase in aggression and violence among underage youth. All of them act as risks of propagating both actual and “delayed” criminal activity.
The efficiency of communication strategies of politically oriented communities on the Internet
Authors:   St. Petersburg State University, Judina Darya I. , Ivanov Sergei A. ,   St. Petersburg State University
Published: December 2021

The Internet as a special space for political activity and political communication is becoming more and more attractive to political actors. The intensification of political activity on the Internet leads to the increase of researchers’ interest. One of the prominent areas of this research is the analysis of the efficiency of communication strategies used by politically oriented communities on the Internet. The results of such assessment contribute to, in particular, characterizing the level and features of the political engagement of Internet users into political processes. To study these processes, a telephone survey of residents of St. Petersburg was conducted. St. Petersburg was chosen because it is one of the largest cities in Russia with high Internet coverage and a high level of political activity compared to other regions. The results showed that politically oriented communities effectively implement primary communication strategies — information and presentation. More than two-thirds of politically active Internet users in St. Petersburg noted that visiting the relevant resources helped them to understand the political situation, to define their attitude toward parties, politicians, social movements and organizations. At the same time, the strategy of supporting political identification has not yet worked for the majority of users. Perhaps this is a consequence of the fact that the majority of St. Petersburg citizens have not yet found appropriate political leaders and organizations. The authors found that the majority of Internet users display an interest in politics permanently, and not only during the pre-election period. The hypothesis that one of the factors of an efficient strategy of politically oriented communities is emphasizing anti-power positions was confirmed. The survey results also confirmed the high level of opposition views among Internet users.
Protection against competition law violations: Opportunities for compensation for damages in the Eurasian Economic Union and the European Union
Authors:   Belarusian State University, Babkina Elena V. , Maskayeva Natalia G. ,   Belarusian State University
Published: December 2021

The article analyzes current legal regulations in the Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU) and European Union (EU) governing protection against integrated entities’ violations of their respective competition laws. The issues of the policies implemented in this area in accordance with EAEU law, the correlation of national and supranational regulation and their application (including the principle of non bis in idem), and the delimitation of the competence of national and EAEU bodies in this area are clarified in light of the provisions of the Treaty on the Eurasian Economic Union (EEC) of May 29, 2014 and advisory opinions of the Court of the Eurasian Economic Union (of April 4, 2017; of December 17, 2018; of June 18, 2019). The absence of a legal ground for “private enforcement” of the EAEU competition laws, including its most important element — compensation for losses — is noted. In this regard, the authors analyze the experience of the European Union in this sphere, which is reflected in the Directive 2014/104/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of November 26, 2014 on certain rules governing actions for damages under national law for infringements of the competition law provisions of the member states and of the European Union. Its key provisions are considered in sufficient detail. Based on the results of the research undertaken, it is concluded that it is necessary to empower the Eurasian Economic Commission in the EAEU Treaty to calculate the damages caused by the infringements of the EAEU Treaty competition rules that have or may have a negative effect on competition in cross-border markets in the territories of two or more EAEU member states. In order to implement this, it is also proposed to vest the EEC with the competence to approve the procedure of recovery and methodology of calculating these damages. According to the authors, the development of such a procedure requires the study, inter alia, of the mentioned EU experience.
Implementation of acts of the Eurasian Economic Union in Belarusian legislation
Authors:   Belarusian State University, Douhan Alena F.
Published: December 2021

Currently, international organizations are increasingly making binding decisions on member states. At the same time, unlike the implementation of international treaties, the mechanism for implementing acts of international organizations is poorly regulated in national law, including the Republic of Belarus. The Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU), established in January 2015, is empowered to adopt obligatory acts, some of which should be directly applied on the territory of EAEU member states. As a result, the traditional mechanisms for the implementation of acts of international organizations at the national level are no longer sufficient and require detailed legal regulation. The article reveals the legal basis for the implementation of acts of the Eurasian Economic Union in Belarus’ legal system. The work examines the status, types and specifics of acts adopted by the EAEU bodies, identifies the characteristic features of the implementation of these acts at the national level and specifies applicable terminology. In particular, special attention is paid to the legality of the use of terms “implementation” and “actualization” concerning the transfer of norms of the EAEU acts to the national legislation of its member states. The article considers the possibility of implementing obligatory acts of international organizations, especially those, which are supposed to be directly applied at the national level. Emphasis is placed on identifying the existence of an obligation to implement obligatory decisions of the EAEU Commission as well as their implementation in the Republic of Belarus. Based on the study, it was demonstrated that the majority of obligatory acts of the EAEU are implemented in Belarus by means of different types of references. The article also identifies the place of the EAEU acts in the hierarchy of legal acts of the Republic of Belarus.
Regulation of public procurement under the Eurasian Economic Union law and ways of convergence of national procurement legislation
Authors:   Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation, Kazantsev Dmitry A. , Mikhaleva Natalya А. ,   National Research University Higher School of Economics
Published: December 2021

Russian procurement regulation exists not merely by itself, but also in the framework of the formation of unified approaches to procurement regulation within the Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU). These approaches today are based on a common methodology, although national laws of each state demonstrate various options for implementation. The integration processes affected by the creation of the EAEU also influence public procurement. The formation of a single economic space and unified procurement market as economic bases cannot exist without bringing the national legislation of EAEU member states on public procurement to uniform standards. The trend towards unification and harmonization of procurement legislation in the EAEU member countries requires the creation of a unified market for public procurement of the EAEU to ensure unhindered access to procurements, which will make it possible to expand sales markets under economic pressure from sanctioned non-tariff barriers. This article addresses some of the issues related to public procurement in EAEU member states in light of the functioning procurement systems. The authors make an attempt to reveal some of the main features of the public procurement system based on an analysis of the main legislative acts of the EAEU member countries. The main positive trends in harmonization of the EAEU procurement legislation are described taking into account previous experience. Ways to solve problems are proposed as a result of a comparative analysis of the legislation governing the procurement process in the EAEU member countries. The study also reveals the problems of legal regulation of the supranational level of procurement legislation that impede the effective achievement of the objectives of economic integration and the formation of a unified market for public procurement. The article is an attempt to comprehensively analyze the procurement legislation of the EAEU countries, taking into account the requirements of supranational legislation that is designed to ensure uniformity of legal models for the formation of a procurement system for state customers.
Problems and prospects of the circulation of biomedical cell products in the Eurasian Economic Union
Authors:   Orenburg Institute (Branch) of The Kutafin Moscow State Law University, Sharkovskaya Evgeniya A.
Published: December 2021

Biomedicine has a great integration potential according to regulatory acts in the Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU). Moreover, one of the most relevant areas in modern biomedicine is regenerative personalized medicine using biomedical cell products. The article discusses various approaches to the legal regulation of the circulation of biomedical cellular products in the EAEU — a national and integration approach. As part of the study of the national approach, the author compares the current legislation of Armenia, Belarus, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, and Russia, while also identifying similar and different features. There is a common licensing procedure for conducting activities on the circulation of biomedical cell products, an increased degree of quality control, efficiency and safety, taking into account the ethical side of the issue, and emphasis on respect for human rights. The differences lie in the formal legal aspects, a heterogeneous understanding of the nature and content of biomedical cell products. The integration approach is illustrated by regulatory acts adopted at the EAEU level; their shortcomings are highlighted. Only import and export issues are adequately resolved from the entire life cycle of biomedical cell products at the EAEU level. However, there are no standards for a single market for cell products. For comparison, the author refers to the experience of the European Union in regulating the circulation of cell-based products and focuses on free movement, a centralized registration procedure, ethical requirements, and good clinical practice. According to the results of the article, the author identifies such basic problems of legal regulation as the lack of unification of the conceptual items, registration procedures, and procedures for applying to patients. Solving these problems will allow the market for biomedical cell products to grow rapidly and provide a qualitative breakthrough in the treatment and prevention of diseases. It is proposed to establish either a mechanism for verifying biomedical cellular products in the territory of the EAEU member countries in order to simplify registration procedures or create a unified registration procedure. The global goal is to develop a single standard for the legal regulation of the circulation of not only cellular products, but also all advanced medical devices in general.
Borders of states’ jurisdiction in regard to international commercial arbitration
Authors:   St. Petersburg State University, Evseev Evgenii E.
Published: December 2021

The article is devoted to the problem of binding the arbitral proceedings to the place’s legislation where they are held. This binding, which was justified in the doctrine through the postulates of legal positivism in the first quarter of the 20th century and implemented in the first international treaties related to international commercial arbitration, has now lost its practical significance and creates many difficulties for all participants of arbitration. For many decades, there has been a steady trend towards the separation of international commercial arbitration into a special autonomous legal order, which is expressed both in the doctrinal theory of the delocalization of international commercial arbitration and in the legislation of states pursuing a friendly policy. The author considers some of the problems that arise from the existence of binding the arbitral proceedings to the laws of the place where it is held, conducts a historical and legal analysis of the origin and development of this binding, and analyzes the existing concepts about the nature of international commercial arbitration institution where the need of binding the arbitration to a particular state jurisdiction, or the absence of such a need, are substantiated. Basing on a detailed review of the individual components of the dispute procedure in international commercial arbitration, the existing manifestations of its autonomy, as well as the problems of the institutions for contesting, recognizing and enforcing arbitral awards, the author draws conclusions about the possibility of refusing to bind arbitration proceedings to the jurisdiction of the place where it is held, and also suggests possible ways to implement such a refusal.
The admissibility of improperly obtained evidence: The universality of the problem and the diversity of approaches to solving it
Authors:   Lomonosov Moscow State University, Stepanov Pavel P. , Besedin Gleb E. ,   University of Paris,   Lomonosov Moscow State University
Published: December 2021

The article focuses on the issue of acknowledging inadmissible evidence obtained in violation of the law. According to the authors, this issue can be encountered, in one way or another, in any procedural system (both at the national and international levels). In this regard, the authors substantiate the relevance and ambivalence of the issue for the Russian criminal proceedings. Also, the authors use the scientific works of scholars belonging to the Soviet, early post-Soviet and modern periods of the development of Russian criminal proceedings, as well as materials of judicial practice from various years in order to demonstrate the evolution of approaches to the solution of the topic. In order to demonstrate universality of the issue, the authors analyze, in a comparative legal sense, the approaches of leading foreign procedural systems. It is concluded that there is a tendency that foreign legal systems are searching for the recognition criteria of evidence obtained in violation of the law to achieve a balance between the two areas of criminal procedural policy: ‘due process of law’ and ‘crime control’. Usually, the violation of human rights committed in obtaining evidence per se does not entail the finding of such evidence as unacceptable. The authors focus on the same issue, but in the scope of international criminal justice which combines the approaches of both the investigative (inquisitorial) and the accusatory (adversary) criminal procedure traditions. It is indicated that the bodies of international criminal justice (in particular, the International Criminal Court), when forming their position on the issue under consideration, are guided in many respects by the law enforcement practices of international bodies for the protection of human rights (primarily, the decisions of the European Court of Human Rights). The authors conclude that it is possible to use the criteria for the inadmissibility of evidence specified in the Rome Statute and the decisions of the European Court of Human Rights for Russian criminal proceedings due to the transitional nature of the criteria.
Digital economy and antitrust law: The unity and conflict of opposites
Authors:   National Research University Higher School of Economics, Ivanov Alexey Yu.
Published: December 2021

The digital economy has become a new milestone in human development, but along with the benefits of digitalization and globalization of the world economy it has brought an unprecedented increase in the concentration of market power in the hands of a small group of digital monopolies and a rapid increase in global inequality, which creates systemic imbalances in the development of society. According to a number of experts, a likely consequence of such imbalances in development may be long-term instability that already entails fundamental risks for the existence of the capitalist system. Antitrust law has already played a positive role in overcoming such challenges in the development of the capitalist system during the technological transformations of the late 19th century and the first half of the 20th century. It has allowed the USA and a number of other Western countries to go through the last great industrial revolution in a less painful way than those countries, including Russia, which experienced a dismantling of the capitalist system and were unable to withstand the pressures of accelerated development. This article analyzes the reasons that prevented antitrust law from playing a similar balancing role during the ongoing industrial revolution and proposes possible measures to improve mechanisms of antitrust regulation of the digital economy. Among the most promising avenues for creating effective checks and balances on the growing market power of global digital platforms are the emerging formats for antitrust cooperation within the framework of regional associations of developing countries, primarily on the BRICS platform. Cooperation between the BRICS countries in the sphere of competition law and policy may also become a serious factor for the formation of a global antitrust regime, which does not currently exist. Moreover, given the positioning of the BRICS countries in the world system, such cooperation allows for the creation of a global competition law that would promote a wider dissemination of knowledge and advanced technologies and help remove barriers to global innovation flows that are now set by global technological monopolies. Cooperation in this sphere would have a positive impact on reducing global inequalities.
The scope of competition law in the digital economy
Authors:   National Research University Higher School of Economics, Lianos Ioannis ,   University College London, Nicolo Zingales ,   University of Leeds, McLean Andrew ,   University College London, Raslan Azza ,   University College London, Strader Matthew J. ,   University College London
Published: December 2021

The article reveals new problems arising in the digital economy and the need for antimonopoly regulation. It also analyzes the legal remedies and procedures for competition law in the context of digitalization. Redesigning competition law procedures for the digital economy can take two forms: 1) ensure the rate of competition law enforcement so as to avoid acting in situations when market tipping has already occurred and it is almost impossible to reverse the anticompetitive outcome; 2) develop remedial action that takes into account the scale of anticompetitive behavior, which might better reflect the complexity of digital markets. Competition authorities should consider utilizing interim measures and commitment decisions in the digital economy, both instruments playing a complementary role. Interim measures can be used within a revised framework with lower thresholds, but this should only be reserved for complicated and lengthy investigations where there is risk of irreversible harm to competition. These measures should be applied to the most harmful violations, such as cartels and abuse of dominance. Commitment decisions can be utilized to address less serious violations where it is also beneficial to the competition authority to reach a swift resolution. The article analyzes the division of companies as a way to eliminate violations. Division can take different forms and need not be structural. A certain ‘light-touch’ separation may be achieved by policies mandating that digital platforms not use personal data that has been harvested by the members of their ecosystems unless they have the explicit consent of their users. The article also addresses issues such as data portability and cross-platform compatibility. The authors have proved that the BRICS countries need to supplement their national legislation on the protection of personal data in terms of norms on their portability. Although it is not mainly designed as a tool to combat monopolies and market power, data portability will have a significant impact on competition in digital markets. Multisided digital platforms are characterized by a high network and lock-in effects. In a winner takes all, or most, where undertakings compete for the market rather than in the market, the right to data portability may provide some relief from the power that large digital platforms hold.
The many faces of anti-competitive practices in digital markets
Authors:   National Research University Higher School of Economics, Erofeeva Ekaterina V. , Kotova Daria A. ,   National Research University Higher School of Economics, Pozdnyakova Anna E. ,   National Research University Higher School of Economics
Published: December 2021

This article looks at some curious examples of restrictive practices typical for digital markets. Digital markets are a unique phenomenon for the new digital economy that is structurally based on and driven by digital platforms. The largest digital platforms such as Facebook or Amazon and large digital companies such as Google, Microsoft and Apple dominate the digital markets of today and thus have a huge potential to restrict competition in these dynamic markets. This article takes an analytical approach to several restrictive practices that have recently received attention from competition authorities around the world and have largely influenced law enforcement as well as our understanding of how digital markets function. First of all, the authors consider the so-called price parity clauses. Broadly speaking, these are a particular type of arrangements that oblige suppliers to not offer more favorable terms to their business partners than those offered to digital platforms (for example hotel websites as compared to online booking platforms). However, when narrowed down to contractual relations between a platform and a supplier, price parity clauses present a much more complex case. Further, the authors look at the multitude of restrictive practices in the online search market illustrated by a series of cases initiated against Google by the European Commission. By setting its search engine in a particular way, Google prioritized its own services so that they received more consumer traffic. Notably, these series of cases is just a part of the collection of anticompetitive tendencies in this market. Finally, this article looks at a less well-known, but all the more dangerous case of geo-blocking, which occurs when IP-protected content is blocked from distribution outside the framework that is reasonably justified by the protection of exclusive rights. Such cases must be examined through the complex relationship between the individualistic nature of IP rights and public interest. The collection of practices examined in the article highlights both the need to significantly reform competition enforcement and the need to rethink the role of competition law in the new economy.
Data-driven and model-based framework for smart water grid anomaly detection and localization
Authors: Wu Z. Y. , Chew A. , Meng X. , Cai J. , Pok J. , Kalfarisi R. , Lai K. C. , Hew S. F. , Wong J. J.
Published: December 2021

With increasing adoption of advanced meter infrastructure, smart sensors together with SCADA (Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition) systems, it is imperative to develop novel data analytics and couple the results with hydraulic modeling to improve the quality and efficiency of water services. One important task is to timely detect and localize anomaly events, which may include, but not be limited to, pipe bursts and unauthorized water usages. In this paper, a comprehensive solution framework has been developed for anomaly detection and localization by formulating and integrating data-driven analytics with hydraulic model calibration. Data analysis for anomaly detection proceeds in multiple steps including the following: (1) data pre-processing to eliminate and correct erroneous data records, (2) outlier detection by statistical process control methods and deep machine learning, and (3) system anomaly classification by correlation analysis of multiple sensor events. Classified system anomaly events are subsequently localized via hydraulic model calibration. The integrated solution framework is developed as a user-friendly and effective software tool, tested, and validated on the selected target areas in Singapore.
Water sanitation, hygiene and the prevalence of diarrhea in the rural areas of the delta region of Myanmar
Authors: Ko Shane Htet , Sakai Hiroshi
Published: December 2021

Myanmar is an agriculture-based country with 70% of the total population residing in rural areas. Around half of the total population in Myanmar has to consume water from unimproved sources. The prevalence of diarrhea due to contaminated drinking water is high even in urban areas. The urban community may expect the provision of municipal water supply in the near future if the current revolution against military dictatorship succeeds. However, the rural areas have less or no chance to get quality water because of a lot of other prioritized tasks. Household water treatment is encouraged to be implemented as one of the national water safety plans for rural water supply in Myanmar. This study explored the diarrhea prevention awareness of the rural community using a questionnaire survey. The microbial quality parameters of drinking water sources were also examined. Fecal coliform contamination was detected in all examined drinking water sources. A significant association was found between drinking untreated water and the occurrence of diarrhea. The percentage of people who applied the diarrhea preventive measures was low. Even if they knew how to prevent the disease, very few people applied the measures in reality. Therefore, measures to cause behavioral change should be initiated, together with awareness raising, to promote diarrhea prevention in the community.
Survey and first report ofAcanthamoebaT4 genotype in natural spring water resources in the Black Sea, Turkey
Authors: Karaman Ulku , Koloren Zeynep , Karanis Panagiotis
Published: December 2021

Infection with Acanthamoeba spp. may result in granulomatous amoebic encephalitis and Acanthamoeba keratitis. Water is an important habitat where Acanthamoeba species thrive. Therefore, studying the occurrence of this free-living amoeba in water sources will help understand the infection dynamics. The aim of the study was to survey and report on the presence of Acanthamoeba spp. in water resources from the Ordu and Giresun provinces in Black Sea. Acanthamoeba spp. was found in 1/17 natural spring water samples from Ordu and in 2/18 from Giresun. Acanthamoeba species were not detected in any of the investigated tap water samples. Sequencing of the (SSU) rDNA gene resulted in the identification of haplotype I (Acanthamoeba genotype: KJ094684). T4 (8.6%) was the only isolated genotype in both Ordu and Giresun provinces. This is the first report of Acanthamoeba T4 genotype in natural spring water resources in the Black Sea. The occurrence of Acanthamoeba species in natural spring water sources should be considered as a potential risk for human infection, especially to high-risk populations.
Preventive strategies for reuse and recycling of wastewater within the HDG production
Authors: Villamar Cristina A. , Salazar Katherine , Montenegro-Rosero Karla , Huaraca Luis , da Conceicao Kennedy C.
Published: December 2021

The hot-dip galvanizing consumes raw materials, supplies, and influence in the quantity/quality of wastewater, opening advantage for its segregation, reuse, and recycling. Therefore, the aim was to establish strategies for segregation, recycling, and preventives process of wastewater from a hot dip galvanizing enterprise (>10,000 t/year of galvanizing steel or gs). A mass balance (inputs-outputs by 1 t gs), Sindex considering organic and inorganic parameters for segregation/recycling, and Water Pinch (Zn, COD, TDS) for reuse opportunities were determined. Flow diagrams were based on three scenarios that combine segregation/reuse/recycling, comparing saving water, energy, costs, and carbon dioxide equivalent (CO2-eq) emissions. Results (mass balance) demonstrated that the water consumption in the rising phases (2,355.2 L/t gs) corresponding to 95% of the total water demand. The best scenario combined reuse, segregation and recycling, which decreased up to 36% of treated wastewater, up to 40% of chemicals consumption, about 41% of treatment cost, close to 38% of energy consumed, and up to 17% of CO2-eq emissions by wastewater treatment. Therefore, taking preventive measures without the need of technological changes (treatment) can achieve on efficient water management within of the hot-dip galvanizing production in developing countries.
Comparison of the Mini-Mental State Examination and Computerized
Brief Cognitive Screening Test as Cognitive Screening Tools in Patients
with Mild Cognitive Impairment
Authors: Chu Che-Sheng , Lee I-Chen , Hung Chuan-Cheng , Lee I-Ching , Hung Chi-Fa , Chen Nai-Ching
Published: December 2021

Background:

The aim of this study was to establish the validity and reliability of the Computerized Brief Cognitive Screening Test (CBCog) for early detection of cognitive impairment.

Method:

One hundred and sixty participants, including community-dwelling and out-patient volunteers (both men and women) aged ≥ 65 years, were enrolled in the study. All participants were screened using the CBCog and Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE). The internal consistency of the CBCog was analyzed using Cronbach’s α test. Areas under the curves (AUCs) of receiver operating characteristic analyses were used to test the predictive accuracy of the CBCog in detecting mild cognitive impairment (MCI) in order to set an appropriate cutoff point.

Results:

The CBCog scores were positively correlated with the MMSE scores of patients with MCI-related dementia (r = 0.678, P < .001). The internal consistency of the CBCog (Cronbach’s α) was 0.706. It was found that the CBCog with a cutoff point of 19/20 had a sensitivity of 97.5% and a specificity of 53.7% for the diagnosis of MCI with education level ≥ 6 years. The AUC of the CBCog for discriminating the normal control elderly from patients with MCI (AUC = 0.827, P CI-related dementia (r = 0.678, P < 0.001) was larger than that of the MMSE for discriminating the normal control elderly from patients with MCI (AUC= 0.819, P < .001).

Conclusion:

The CBCog demonstrated to have sufficient validity and reliability to evaluate mild cognitive impairment, especially in highly educated elderly people.
Development of Nanomaterials-fabricated Paper-based Sensors for the
Analysis of Environmental and Biological Samples: A Review
Authors: Monisha  , Shrivas Kamlesh , Patle Tarun Kumar , Jamunkar Reena , Jain Vikas Kumar , Banerjee Subhash , Kumar Antresh
Published: December 2021

Background:

Currently, the environmental and biological samples, such as water, soil,
vegetables, etc., are highly contaminated with metal ions, anions and pesticides. For analysis of these
toxic substances from the environmental and biological samples, sophisticated and expensive
instruments are being used. The present work deals with the development of a simple, faster, sensitive
and economical method for the analysis of toxic substances present in different samples.

Methods:

The general methods for synthesis and characterization of metallic (Ag, Au, Cu and graphene)
nanoparticles and conductive polymer for the development of conductive nano-ink and fabrication
of paper substrate by direct deposition and laser, wax, or inkjet printing techniques, have been
reported.

Results:

Paper-based sensors fabricated with different nanomaterials used as colorimetric, electrochemical
and fluorescence-based chemical sensors for the quantitative determination of pesticides and
toxic metal ions in various biological and clinical samples have been comprehensively discussed in
this review.

Conclusion:

The low-cost, rapid, eco-friendly, flexible, portable, and paper-based sensors using nanoparticles
(NPs) are in demand for on-site detection of different chemical constituents present in
various environmental, biological and clinical samples.
Experience Verification of 63 Cases of Liver Transplantation Anesthesia Management
Authors: Hasegawa Haruko , Ozaki Makoto , Yokokawa Sumire , Kotera Yoshihito , Egawa Hiroto
Published: December 2021

Background:

We reviewed the intraoperative management of previous liver transplantation (LT) cases to identify an optimal anesthetic method, which may affect patient outcomes and lead to faster postoperative recovery for future recipients.

Methods:

This single-center retrospective study reviewed 63 patients who underwent LT, including 51 living donor LT (LDLT), seven deceased donor LT (DDLT), and five simultaneous liver-kidney transplantation patients. We examined the patients’ backgrounds, intraoperative management (anesthetic method, water balance, and catecholamine dosage), and postoperative courses (hospitalization period, length of intensive care unit stay, renal function).

Results:

All patients received general anesthesia using inhalational anesthetics, either sevoflurane or desflurane, and both drugs were administered similarly. Rocuronium was administered at its usual dose despite liver failure. All patients undergoing preoperative dialysis due to acute kidney injury were successfully withdrawn from dialysis after surgery. The albumin infusion volume was 32% of the total infusion and transfusion volume. The five-year survival rate was 88% and graft failure occurred in one case.

Conclusion:

The anesthetic management of LT is currently conducted empirically in our institution, and we could not identify an optimal anesthetic method. However, we drew some conclusions. First, the use of human atrial natriuretic peptide as a drug infusion and appropriate transfusion management was expected to restore renal function. Second, the infusion volume of albumin was high. Third, the usual dose of rocuronium was required because excessive bleeding may cause unstable plasma drug concentration. Our results will be useful in future multi-institutional studies or meta-analyses and further improving the outcomes of future transplant recipients.
Administrative internal control system and performance effect
Authors: Anthony O Odita , Christopher Daniels , Jennifer Obire , Chinedu Eneh
Published: December 2021

The study focused on effect of admin internal control on performance in telecommunications industry in South South and South East Nigeria. The study employed a descriptive survey research design. Instrument adopted for the study is a structured questionnaire based on simple random sampling method. In addition, interview was also employed to serve as a compliment for the questionnaire. Reliability of the research instrument was tested using the Cronbach Alpha method which revealed that the instrument is reliable. The result of Durbin Watson revealed that the data is free from autocorrelation. Data analysis was done using both descriptive and inferential analysis technique. Descriptive statistics was used to give insight on the respondents profile while inferential statistics was used in the conducting of hypotheses. The five research questions for the study were analyzed using multiple regression model. The study shows that the five null hypotheses were rejected while the five alternative hypotheses were accepted (organization’s internal control environment (p=0.000<0.05, ?=0.890); risk assessment (p=0.000<0.05, ?=0.242); control activities (p=0.001<0.05, ?=0.092); information and communication (p=0.000<0.05, ?=0.115); monitoring (p=0.000<0.05, ?=0.307)). The study concluded that organization’s internal control environment, risk assessment, control activities, information and communication, and monitoring aid and has a positive influence on organizational performance.
Propuesta didáctica metodologías activas para la (meta)enseñanza de la lengua española en la universidad
Authors: Fernández Martín Patrícia
Published: December 2021

The aim of this paper is to show in detail a teaching approach to change the way of teaching (to teach) Spanish (or any other first language) at university. To do this, the idea that this change must be created at the beginning of the educational system –that is, the teacher training– is taken as a basis. Hence, a teaching experience carried out with teachers-to-be in the subject “Spanish Language Teaching” is presented. This experience applies the cases study to learn (to teach) Spanish and includes several active methodologies, such as cooperative learning and the task-based approach. The results, focused both on the vision of the subject as a whole and on the specific activity that concerns us, suggest a general acceptance of the methodologies used. Nevertheless, the main conclusion also contains a series of paradoxes that affect especially those who do not feel comfortable learning with the above mentioned case studies.
VITALITAS BAHASA JAWA DAN BAHASA MADURA DI DESA REJOYOSO, KECAMATAN BANTUR, KABUPATEN MALANG (KAJIAN SOSIOLINGUISTIK)
Authors:   Fakultas Ilmu Budaya, Universitas Brawijaya, Astri Wahyuni Rera
Published: December 2021

Rejoyoso Village is a village with two ethnicities, namely Javanese and Madura. Rejoyoso village was chosen as a research area by reason of the existence of bilingualism in 70% of the community. Bilingualism in question is the mastery of two regional languages as the first language and second language (Javanese and Madura). Javanese is dominant in the hamlets of Wotgalih and Balong. Madurese language is dominant in Sukosari and Karangsuko Hamlets. This research focuses on the domains which influence communication and the vitality of Javanese and Madurese languages in Rejoyoso. This research is a quantitative descriptive study using a questionnaire instrument. The research location is in Rejoyoso Village by taking samples from hamlets in Rejoyoso in accordance with the dominance of the language. The results of this study indicate that the vitality of Javanese and Madurese languages is not on a safe scale, but on a vulnerable scale (stable and stable, but endangered). The use of regional languages is low in domains such as population mobility, governance, education, transactions, bilingualism, poverty, language attitudes, and religion. The safe domains are the family domain, the neighborhood and the domain of expression.
ANALISIS NILAI KEBUDAYAAN DAN UNSUR KEBAHASAAN DALAM PUJIAN “SEMBAHYANG”
Authors:   Universitas Billfath, Tifani Alfin Nur Hardiana Maulidia
Published: December 2021

This study aims to 1) analyze the value of culture; and 2) analyze linguistic elements in praise of "Sembahyang". The method used in this research is the literature and literature hermeneutic method. The object of this study is a compliment entitled "Sembahyang" which is analyzed based on cultural values and linguistic elements. Based on the analysis, it can be concluded that the cultural values to be conveyed in this praise that all people have the same position in the eyes of God. God will not look at the economic conditions, classes, social strata, and physical conditions of his people. Therefore, as a people of creation God basically has the same obligation towards God. The linguistic element in the praise lyrics uses a lot of inversion sentences, namely the existence of a predicate precedes the subject.
KAJIAN PRAGMATIK ILOKUSI DALAM PERCAKAPAN ORANG TUA DAN ANAK
Authors:   Fakultas Adab dan Bahasa, IAIN Surakarta, Mar’atus Sholikhah Riza , Syifa Anggraini Nabila , Arum Hapsari Diah
Published: December 2021

Communication that occurs between parents and children can be studied in pragmatic studies. This study aims to describe the types of illocutionary speech acts contained in parent and child conversations and the speech act functions. The method used in this research is descriptive qualitative. The data in this study are in the form of speech between mother and child which are heterogeneous and were obtained from Wonogiri, Ngawi, and Kebumen areas. Data collection techniques used include tapping, see proficient engagements, free engages in proficient engagements, records, and note taking techniques. Data were analyzed using Miles & Huberman's theory. The results of this study indicate several illocutionary functions found in mother and child conversation, including to convey / show something, order, praise, convince something, forbid and also cancel.
ANALISIS KESALAHAN BERBAHASA PADA PESERTA “MASTER CHEF INDONESIA 2020”
Authors:   IAIN Surakarta, Wahyuningsih Indah , Nur Damai Peni , Kubro Khotijatul
Published: December 2021

This research is motivated by the importance of the use of good and correct Indonesian in any context including in electronic media. The purpose of this study is to analyze some of the errors and language errors spoken by participants of Master Chef Indonesia 2020. This study uses descriptive qualitative methods by describing the data obtained in the form of sentences used by Indonesian Master Chef participants. The data source in this study was the participants of the Indonesian Master Chef 2020. The data collection technique was carried out with literature study techniques, namely by (1) watching the Indonesian Master Chef 2020 show again, (2) writing errors in the Master Chef Indonesia 2020 show, (3 ) classifying language errors in Master Chef participants in phonology, morphology, and syntax. The content analysis technique is used to describe the language errors of the participants of the Indonesian Master Chef. Based on the data found, there are several language errors that have been classified, namely language errors (interference) and language errors in the field of linguistics (phonology, morphology, and syntax).
NILAI MORAL DALAM PERSPEKTIF SOSIOLOGI SASTRA PADA NOVEL PARADIGMA KARYA SYAHID MUHAMMAD
Authors:   IKIP Budi Utomo Malang, Kurnia Rachman Anita , Susandi Susandi
Published: December 2021

Moral values contained in society are also contained in the novel. The problem of moral values appears in the novel because moral values are the foundation of people's attitudes and behavior in daily life that are also experienced by the characters in the novel. This study aims to analyze the moral value of human relations with oneself, human relations with other humans, human relations with the natural environment, and human relations with God in the Novel Paradigm by Syahid Muhammad. This research is a qualitative research with a sociological approach to literature. Data in the form of narrative quotations, phrases, clauses, and sentences. The main instrument, namely the research itself. Data analysis is done by organizing data, describing it in units, arranging into patterns, and making conclusions. The results of the study, namely 1) The moral values of human relations with yourself include self-introspection, wise attitudes, intelligent thinking, and working hard. 2) The moral values of human relations with other humans include compassion, intimacy, counseling, filial piety to parents, praise others. 3) The moral value of human relations with the environment which includes admiring and respecting the universe as the creation of God Almighty. 4) The moral value of human relations with God which includes gratitude and prayer.