bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Relationship between Exercise Intention and Exercise Behavior among Chinese Junior High School Students: A Moderated Mediation Model
Authors: Liu Wenxia , Guo kelei , Ma Qishuai , Jia Shubo , Ma Xiaohua
Published: September 2022

Purpose: This study aims to investigate the relationship between exercise intention and exercise behavior, as well as the mechanism of exercise social support and action self-efficacy in the relationship between exercise intention and exercise behavior, so as to provide theoretical and empirical support for the promotion of physical exercise for junior high school students.
Methods: Totally 1312 junior middle school students were recruited to complete Behavioral Intention Scale, Exercise Social Support Scale, Action Self-efficacy Scale and Physical Activity Rating Scale-3. The correlation analysis and the mediation and moderation analysis were conducted.
Results: (1) There was a significant positive correlation between exercise intention and exercise behavior (r=0.265, p＜0.01); (2) Exercise intention significantly positively predicted exercise social support（β=0.231, t=8.457, p＜0.01）, and exercise social support significantly positively predicted exercise behavior（β=0.207, t=8.424, p＜0.01）; (3) Exercise social support × action self-efficacy positively predicted exercise behavior of junior middle school students (β= -0.058, t= -2.422, p＜0.05); (4) In the high action self-efficacy group, exercise social support had a significant positive prediction effect on exercise behavior (β=0.19, t=5.93, p < 0.01); However, in the low action self-efficacy group, exercise social support had a stronger positive prediction effect on exercise behavior (β=0.34, t=8.90, p < 0.01).
Conclusion: (1) Exercise intention can significantly positively predict junior middle school students' exercise behavior; (2) Exercise social support partially mediated the relationship between exercise intention and exercise behavior of junior high school students; (3) Action self-efficacy plays a moderating role in the latter half of the mediating process of exercise intention -- exercise social support -- exercise behavior. Action self-efficacy can enhance the prediction effect of social support on exercise behavior, especially for junior middle school students with low action self-efficacy, with the improvement of social support level of exercise, their physical exercise level shows a rapid upward trend.
Prevalence, early predictors, and outcomes of ARDS in the neuro-ICU: a prospective cohort study
Authors: Wang Ruihong , Lu Aili , Li Huiping , Ma Zhaohui , Wu Shibiao , Lu Hongji , Huang Yan , Wang Lixin , Yuan Fang
Published: September 2022

Background
Neurocritically ill patients are at high risk of developing acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), but related studies are still scarce. We aimed to investigate the prevalence, early predictors, and clinical outcomes of ARDS in in the neurological intensive care unit (NICU).
Methods
This prospective study included consecutive patients in the NICU. The incidence of ARDS was examined, and baseline characteristics were investigated as potential early predictors for ARDS. The in-hospital mortality, length of NICU stay, total cost in NICU, and neurological functions at 90 days were explored.
Results
Of 165 NICU patients included, 41 (24.8%) developed ARDS (29 [71%] were moderate to severe ARDS). 88% of ARDS cases occurred within one week of admission. NUTRIC score (RR 1.246 95% CI 1.003–1.550, p = 0.047) and PaO2/FiO2 (RR 0.985, 95% CI 0.979–0.992, p < 0.001) on admission were independent associated with ARDS, and high BNP (RR 0.995, 95% CI 0.992–0.998, p = 0.001) was a red flag biomarker warning that the respiratory symptoms may be caused by cardiac failure rather than ARDS. ARDS patients had longer stay (13.8 ± 8.2 vs 10.8 ± 7.3 days, P = 0.029) and higher expenses (51001 ± 29787 vs 34811 ± 29897 Chinese YUAN, P = 0.003) in NICU, compared to non-ARDS patients. None of the NICU patients with moderate to severe ARDS had a favorable outcome at 90 days.
Conclusions
ARDS is common in NICU, with most cases occurring in the first week of admission. NUTRIC score and PaO2/FiO2 on admission are early predictors of ARDS. ARDS worsens both short-term and long-term outcomes.
Prevalence and predictors of hypomagnesemia among critically ill diarrhoeal patients and their outcome in a developing country
Authors: M Gazi Md. Salahuddin , Sarmin Monira , Alam Aklima , Afroze Farzana , Shahrin Lubaba , Shahid Abu Sadat Mohammad Sayeem Bin , Shaima Shamsun Nahar , Sultana Nadia , Chisti Mohammod Jobayer , Ahmed Tahmeed
Published: September 2022

Despite having an essential role in maintaining human body physiology, magnesium has gained little attention. In patients with diarrhea requiring critical care, understanding magnesium homeostasis is important. Thus, we sought to evaluate the prevalence and associated factors of hypomagnesemia in diarrheal patients admitted to an intensive care unit (ICU). This retrospective data analysis was conducted among patients admitted to the ICU of a diarrheal disease hospital between 1 January 2019 and 31 December 2019. Serum total magnesium results were extracted from the electronic medical record system to identify patients with hypomagnesemia and normomagnesemia as cases and controls respectively. A total of 987 patients fulfilled the study criteria. Among them, 263 (26.6%) hypomagnesemic patients were the cases. From 515 (52.2%) normomagnesemic patients, 263 were selected as controls. We have identified adulthood (aOR: 3.71, 95% CI: 2.11-6.52, p<0.001), severe sepsis (aOR: 2.45, 95% CI: 1.57-3.85, p<0.001) and hypocalcemia (aOR: 6.72, 95% CI: 4.01-11.27, p<0.001) as the independent predictors for hypomagnesemia. The survival rate was significantly lower among hypomagnesemic patients (51.7% vs. 63.9%, p=0.006). Due to the high prevalence of hypomagnesemia among critically ill patients, routine supplementation of magnesium among patients having severe sepsis might have survival benefits, especially in resource-poor settings.
Construction of virtual simulation experiment teaching platform for fire and explosion in urban underground Integrated pipe gallery
Authors: Deng Qigen , Yao Mengmeng , Du Yinsheng , Liu Zhaosi
Published: September 2022

For the needs of practical teaching of safety engineering related majors, in order to have a clearer and more intuitive understanding of the structure of urban underground integrated pipe gallery and related knowledge of fire and explosion treatment, the construction of a virtual simulation experimental teaching platform for urban underground integrated pipe gallery fire and explosion has been carried out in-depth research. Through the construction of the platform, the highly realistic urban underground pipe gallery structure is reproduced virtually, so that students can carry out experiments in a virtual environment, and realize the experimental teaching such as the understanding of the structure of the underground integrated pipe gallery, the use of the inspection instruments in the pipe gallery, the analysis and disposal of the formation factors of the fire in the pipe gallery, cardiopulmonary resuscitation and hemostasis bandage. The experimental teaching practice shows that the experimental teaching method of immersion, guidance, heuristic and problem creation greatly stimulates students' interest in learning, enhances students' autonomous learning ability and learning efficiency, improves the experimental teaching effect, saves a lot of teaching experiment time and money, and completes the purpose of teaching.
The influence of delayed payment obligation on purchase decision of household: evidence from Nigerian data
Authors: Ojonta Obed I.
Published: September 2022

The purpose of this study is to examine the influence of delayed payment obligation on household purchase decision in Nigeria. Unlike the large of existing studies, this study used binary regression model estimation and draws a dataset of 2019 General Household Survey with sample size of 2911 household for the analysis. The stylized facts from the dataset revealed more share of rural household than their counterparts in urban household. Interestingly, the results show that delayed payment obligation is positive and significantly influence purchase decision of household in Nigeria. But when the household is disaggregated into rural and urban household, the result shows that some household that barrowed from friends and family and household that reduced food consumption expenditure have positive and significant influence on purchase decision in both rural and urban household while household that received assistance from friends and family has positive and significant influence on purchase decision by rural household. This study recommends delayed payment obligation for important factor to drive purchase decision by household. This could be achieved through policy formulation that will promote delayed payment obligation.JEL Classifications: D4; EH5; O15; P16
Numerical analysis of the thermo-elastic behavior of beams in steel structures
Authors: TOAIBA Afaf , TATI Abdelouahab , KRIKER Abdelouahed
Published: September 2022

This paper deals with a numerical thermo-elastic behavior analysis of beams in steel structures. The beams are subjected to a uniformly distributed load under uniform and linear temperature distribution through the depth. A new frame-finite element based on the Euler-Bernoulli beam theory and Von Karman strain–displacement relationship has been developed for the nonlinear bending analysis of steel beams. The total potential energy principle has been employed for geometrical and stiffness matrices derivation. The formulated finite element model has been validated by comparing the obtained results with those obtained using analytical and numerical methods from the literature. Furthermore, the element has been used to perform a parametric study to explore the effect of temperature rise on the static behavior of beams in steel structures in the material elastic range. The results showed that the proposed numerical model can simulate the thermo-elastic behavior of beams in steel structures under thermal conditions.
Tribological Characteristics of Nitrided in Plasma Glow Discharge Samples Made From Titanium Alloy VT5 in Pairs With Different Materials.
Authors: Sagalovych Olexiy , Sagalovych Vlad , s.f.Dudnik  , V.V.Popov  , O.K.Oleynik
Published: September 2022

One of the modern methods of improving operating characteristics of titanium and titanium-based alloys under conditions of friction and increased contact loads is the method of ion-plasma nitriding. The effect of nitriding of VT5 alloy (Al 4,5-6,7 %, V to 1,2 %, Mo to 0,8 % − analogue 3.7115) in the plasma of a glow discharge excited in a hollow cathode on its tribological characteristics in pairs with different materials in T-1 fuel and under dry friction conditions has been studied. For research and tribological tests, samples of VT5 alloy were nitrided in the plasma of a glow discharge excited in a hollow cathode at a temperature of 975 ± 15°C and a pressure of 58 ± 2 PA in a nitrogen-argon gas mixture with a nitrogen content of 78 %. Studies of samples of VT5 alloy after nitriding showed that the surface roughness Ra was in the range of 0.58-0.64, and the surface hardness HV5 was 525 ± 20 kgf/mm² at a base hardness of 325 ± 15 kgf/mm². Tribological tests were performed on a friction machine 2070 SMT-1 according to the scheme "cube - roller". Tests under conditions of friction with oil were performed at a load of 200 N. The sliding speed during the tests was 1.3 m/s, the test time was 75 sec. The test under dry friction conditions was carried out at a load of 100 N and a sliding speed of 0.785 m/s, the test time was 30 minutes. Low wear ability in relation to the nitrided titanium alloy VT5 (<2.4x10-4 mm3/s), as well as friction coefficients at the level of 0.08 to 0.12 in the order of their growth had bronze VB-23NTS (Pd 18–22 %, Ni 3–4 %, Zn 3–4 %, Sb 3–4 %, P 0.15–0.3) r.O10C2N3, VB-24 (Sb 4.7–6, 2 %, P 0.4–0.9), steel 1.3505, cast iron GGG80, cemented steel 20Cr3MoWV
Significance of micropores for removal of hydrogen sulfide from oxygen-free gas streams by activated carbon
Authors: Liu Bin , Zuo Songlin
Published: September 2022

Activated carbon materials are widely used adsorbents for removal of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) during purification of gas streams. Five commercially available wood-, coal-, and coconut shell-based activated carbons, prepared by phosphoric acid activation and steam activation, were chosen as adsorbents. The removal of H2S by these materials was studied by plotting breakthrough curves to determine the effect of pore structure on H2S adsorption from an oxygen-free gas stream. Conventional catalyst-loaded activated carbons were not as effective under these conditions compared with H2S removal from an oxygen-containing stream. The results showed that adsorption of H2S by activated carbon under oxygen-free conditions was dependent on the microporous structure, particularly micropores with size of 1 nm. The H2S breakthrough capacity of CS-3 was 0.026 g/cm3 under oxygen-free conditions. Compared with conventional KOH- and CuO-loaded activated carbons, the steam activated materials with highly developed micropore structures were better adsorbents for H2S removal because of their high adsorption capacities and reduced fire risk. Moreover, it was found that pre-adsorption or co-adsorption of carbon tetrachloride led to poisoning of the activated carbon for H2S adsorption.
Malignant Phyllodes Tumor of the Breast with Anemia and Unexplained Fever: A Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Li Zhenghang , Zhang Xiaohui , Jiang Ning
Published: September 2022

The PT, which is a rare tumor accounting for approximately 1% of all breast tumors, could be classified as benign, junctional, or malignant based on stromal morphology. Herein, we reported a 52-year-old woman with an enlarged breast mass within 2 months to 90 x 50 mm, accompanied by cachexia and a fever. And clinicopathological findings included progressive erythrocyte drop and hypoproteinemia after hospitalization, no defined causative agent by various laboratory tests as well as no definite diagnosis even through FNA cytology and local biopsy. After symptomatic treatment, mastectomy and axillary lymph node dissection were performed, and postoperative pathological diagnosis suggested MPT with ER(-), PR(-), HER-2(-), KI67(30%+), P63(-), CK5/6(-), EMA(-), and P53(+), subsequently conventional chest radiotherapy treatments were executed (radiation dose: CTV 50Gy/25F) about 25 procedures. However, lung metastasis appeared just a few months later re-accompanied by fever and other symptoms. Therefore,a case report and literature review of malignant phyllodes tumor are presented herein to lead to increased awareness and recognition of this disease.
Alcoholic fermentation as a strategy to mitigate pesticides and mycotoxins
Authors: Giacomini Rafaela Xavier , Acosta Eliza Rodrigues , Cerqueira Maristela Barnes Rodrigues , Primel Ednei Gilberto , Garda-Buffon Jaqueline
Published: September 2022

In this study alcoholic fermentation was explored to reduce the pesticides – 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and procymidone – and the mycotoxin ochratoxin A (OTA), besides evaluating their effects on quality parameters of the process. Fermentation (at 20°C for 168 h) was conducted in synthetic must (YPD and 10 g hL− 1 of yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae) to which the following were added: 2,4-D (6.73 mg L− 1) and procymidone (2.24 mg L− 1), simultaneously (Treatment 1); and OTA (0.83 and 2.66 µg L− 1) (Treatments 2 and 3). The control treatment had no contaminants. All contaminated treatments showed lower ethanol production and cell viability. The highest decrease in contaminants was found after 168 h of fermentation: 22 and 65% in the cases of both pesticides while OTA decreased 52 and 58% (Treatments 2–0.83 µg L− 1 and 3–2.66 µg L− 1). Decrease in procymidone and OTA due to metabolic processes in yeast cells is mainly related to peroxidase activity and glutathione production.
The relationship between diabetes and the severity of COVID-19
Authors: Abobaker Hussam Khaled , Abozraa Abdalrhman Mhd Ali , Al-Bardan Hussam
Published: September 2022

Background
A new viral disease called coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) originally surfaced in Wuhan, China, and has swiftly spread throughout the globe. We sought to comprehend how COVID-19's prognosis related to diabetes mellitus.
Methods
This is a retrospective, single-center cohort research conducted at Damascus Hospital from December 25, 2020 to March 20, 2021, 365 COVID-19 patients were enrolled. Data on demographics, clinical characteristics, laboratories, radiologic findings, therapies, complications, and clinical outcomes were taken from medical records and compared between groups with and without diabetes (n = 195 and n = 170).
Results
Out of 365 COVID-19 patients that were involved in the trial, 207 (57%) were men and 158 (43%) were women. Patients participating in COVID-19 were divided into two groups: those with diabetes (n = 195) and those without the condition (n = 170). Patients with diabetes had higher rates of symptoms such as fatigue (86.7%, P = 0.000), dyspnea (93.8%, P = 0.000), headache (32.8%, P = 0.000), and chest discomfort (8.2%, P = 0.000). We found that those with uncontrolled diabetes who were coronavirus-infected had a significant mortality rate, with a death rate of 64% in this group of patients.
Conclusion
The prognosis of COVID-19 is independently at risk due to diabetes. Patients with diabetes, especially those who require insulin therapy, should get more focus on prevention and treatment.
Undernutrition and Associated Factors Among Pregnant Women in East Borena Zone, Liban District, Oromia regional state, Ethiopia, 2021
Authors: Arero Godana
Published: September 2022

Background Undernutrition is “cellular imbalance between supply of nutrients, energy, and body’s demand to ensure growth, maintenance, and specific function. However, there was no study conducted earlier on this topic in East Borena Zone. Objective To assess the prevalence of undernutrition and associated factors among pregnant women in East Borena Zone, Liban district. Method A community-based cross-sectional study design was conducted on 420 study participants from November 20 to December 2021. The systematic sampling technique and simple random sampling methods were used to select the study participants. Data were double entered into Epi-info software version 7 and SPSS version 21 software for analysis. Descriptive statistics were used to describe the characteristics of the study participants. Bivariate and multivariable logistic regressions were carried out to identify the association between independent and dependent variables measuring the adjusted odds ratio and 95% confidence interval. P-values less than 0.05 were considered statistically significant. Results Prevalence of undernutrition among pregnant women was 44.9% [95%CI: (41.5, 50.1), family monthly income [AOR = 8.72 (4.80, 15.83)], women decision making, autonomy [AOR = 0.40 (0.19, 0.82)], skipping meal [AOR = 2.62 (1.41, 4.89)], substance use, [AOR = 2.01 (1.07, 3.77)], household food insecurity [AOR = 2.01 (1.06, 3.80)], lack of prenatal dietary advices [AOR = 2.73 (1.53, 4.89)], absence of household latrine [AOR = 9.23 (3.48, 24.46)], not participating health development army’s meeting at village level [AOR = 3.01 (1.57, 5.72)] and hand washing habit [AOR = 6.55 (3.02, 14.20)] had shown statistically significant association with undernutrition. Conclusion The prevalence of undernutrition among pregnant women was high. Income, women's decision making autonomy, skipping meals, substances use, household food insecurity, lack of prenatal dietary advice, poor hand washing habits, lack of latrine, and not participation in health development army’s meetings were found to be predictors of the undernutrition.
Comprehensive Evaluation of Child Health Care in China
Authors: Wu Miao , Liu Qian , Wang Zhengye
Published: September 2022

Child health is an important public health issue in China and the Chinese government always attached great importance to child health care. With the implementation of a series of medical and health reforms in China in recent decades, the status of child health improved year by year.
Objectives: This study aims to comprehensively evaluate dynamic changes in child health care status from 2000 to 2020 and determine whether the policies and measures implemented in the medical and health reforms effectively promoted the development of child health care in China.
Methods: A total of six indicators were selected from the China Health Statistics Yearbook. Based on the multi-criteria decision analysis (MCDA) algorithm, three different evaluation methods were applied in the study, which are the weighted technique for order preference by similarity to an ideal solution (TOPSIS) method, the weighted rank-sum ratio (RSR) method, and the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation (FCE). Each indicator's weight was calculated by the entropy weight methods objectively. The sensitivity analysis was conducted to validate the stability and accuracy of the rank results.
Results: The results indicated that the rank values of each year’s child health care calculated by the different evaluation methods were not exactly the same, but the overall trend is consistent which is that child health care in China improved year by year from 2000 to 2020. The top 5 were ranked from 2016-2020 and the bottom 5 were ranked from 2000-2004.
Conclusions: The results indicated that the policies and measures implemented in the medical and health reforms have effectively promoted the development of child health care in China in the past few decades, providing a scientific theoretical basis for future policy-making to promote child health care.
Adaptation and validation of the Diabetic Foot Ulcer Scale- Short Form scale in Chinese diabetic foot ulcer individuals
Authors: Ma Lin , Ma Wanxia , Lin Shuang , Li Yan , Ran Xingwu
Published: September 2022

Background: The quality of life (QoL) of diabetic foot ulcer patients is worse than that of diabetic patients. The Diabetic Foot Ulcer Scale-Short Form (DFS-SF) is an available instrument to evaluate the quality of life of diabetic foot individuals. The aim of this study was to translate the DFS-SF into Chinese and evaluate its validity and reliability.
Methods: This study was conducted in two phases. We followed the Brislin Translation and Back-translation model to translate the DFS-SF into Mandarin Chinese in the first phase. In the second phase, we examined the reliability and validity of the Chinese version of the DFS-SF.
Results: A total of 208 participants were recruited for our study. The I-CVI of the Chinese version of the Diabetic Foot Ulcer Scale varied from 0.800-1.000, and the S-CVI/Ave was 0.911. The Cronbach’s α coefficient of the scale was 0.952. The confirmatory factor analysis showed the evitable structural validity of the scale, with CFI=0.911 and RMSEA=0.072 (P <0.001). The results of the criterion-related validity showed that the subscales were significantly related to the subscales of the SF-36, with coefficients ranging from 0.116 to 0.571 (P<0.05).
Discussion: The procedure of the translation and the examination of the scale rigidly followed the suggested model. The reliability of our study was similar to that of other studies. Furthermore, the validity results showed that the scale structure was reliable. It could be a reliable instrument to evaluate the quality of life in the diabetic foot population.
Conclusion: The adaptation and validation of the Chinese version of the Diabetic Foot Ulcers Scale-Short Form are good and it will be a reliable instrument to evaluate the QoL of Chinese diabetic foot ulcer patients.
Mitigation of BTEX occurring during the storage of Poultry Litter using Nanomaterials and Statistical Analysis
Authors: Akdemir Ümmükülsüm Özel , AKDEMİR ANDAÇ
Published: September 2022

Adsorption capacities of nanomaterials is the main reason why they are effective in the gas treatment. Treatment of the gases formed in poutry manure with graphene oxide, single-walled carbon nanotube, multi-walled carbon, activated carbon and graphite is the aim of this paper. Since the most common pollutant relased from manure storage is volatile organic compounds, such as benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and xylene being VOCs was analized during 84 days, in the study. The VOC holding capacities of different materials in different cabinets were examined. The adsorbent material performances between the cabinets were compared statistically such as Manny-Whitney U, Kruskal Wallis H, Wilcoxon. It was concluded that in the case of adding additional carbon nanotubes, a decrease in pollutant emission was observed, but the use of different materials did not cause a difference in pollutant release between benzene, toluene, xylene and ethylbenzene.
Freshwater contribution along Irish coastal areas: chemical data and geological aspects
Authors: Guerra Maria Teresa
Published: September 2022

Open ocean carbonate chemistry is altered by the dissolution of atmospheric CO2 in seawater. Up to 40% of anthropogenic CO2 emissions have been dissolved in the surface ocean, driving changes in the marine carbonate system and promoting ocean acidification. In the open ocean Total Alkalinity (TA) shows strong correlation with salinity and temperature due to the conservative nature of its constituents there. However, in coastal areas the interaction with the continent makes these relations much more complex. Freshwater inputs can provide an additional source of TA and Dissolved Inorganic Carbon (DIC) to the coast or lower them through dilution. The aim of this study is to understand the impact of land-ocean interactions over the coastal carbonate system and therefore, over local ocean acidification processes. The Marine Institute has provided a large dataset with several surveys along the Irish coastline, from 2009 to 2018, measuring TA, DIC and nutrients (nitrate NO3−, nitrite NO2−, phosphate PO43− and silicate SiO4−). In order to understand whether the watershed geology or the land-usage can influence the coastal chemistry, the original dataset was at first reduced to have a set of variables comparable in different locations. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was then performed. Contrasting continental influence over the coastal carbonate system was observed, which was related to the geology of the catchment area. Elucidating how land-ocean interactions affect the coastal carbonate system would help to understand coastal resilience to ocean acidification and thus support better management of coastal resources.
Risk of Autism Spectrum Disorder according to the dose and trimester of Exposure to Antiseizure Medications: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Mohamed Zakaria Ahmed , Thokerunga Erick , Jimale Ali Omar , Liu Zhichen , Fan Jingyi
Published: September 2022

Background
The association between prenatal exposure to antiseizure medications (ASM) and autism spectrum disorder has been documented. This study sought to examine and synthesize evidence from studies that have evaluated these associations, with particular focus on the trimester of pregnancy and dosage of exposure.
Methods
PubMed, Embase, and PsycINFO databases were searched following strict inclusion/exclusion criteria. 10 studies were recruited involving children born to mothers with epilepsy who took ASM during pregnancy as cases, and those with epilepsy who did not take any ASM in pregnanc.
Results
The relative risk of developing ASD among children exposed to valproic acid (RR, 3.90 [95% CI: 2.36–6.44]), was twice higher than that of carbamazepine (RR, 1.65 [95% CI: 0.62–4.37]), or lamotrigine (RR, 1.60 [95% CI: 0.77–3.32]) The trimester of exposure and dosage of ASM administered were inconsistent.
Conclusion
In summary, prenatal exposure to ASM increased the risk of developing ASD in children. The relative risk was twice as high in those exposed to valproic acid compared to those exposed to carbamazepine or lamotrigine. Trimester of pregnancy and dosage of ASM used by the mothers were not consistent .
Effects of microfluidization on the physical and storage stability of walnut protein emulsion and beverages
Authors: Ling Yuxi , Cheng Le , Bai Xue , Chang Min , Shen Yehua , Li Cong , Ren DiFeng
Published: September 2022

Walnut meal is a by-product produced during the production of walnut oil and is often treated as a waste. However, the nutrients in walnut meal mean it has significant potential for development as a plant-based milk. This study investigated the effect of microfluidization on the stability of walnut protein emulsion (WPE) and walnut protein beverage (WPB) produced from walnut meal, compared with conventional homogenization. The particle size, zeta potential, rheological properties, and stability of WPE all significantly improved after microfluidization. The mean particle size and zeta potential of the microfluidized WPE significantly decreased (p < 0.05). The rheological properties demonstrated that the viscosity of the microfluidized WPE decreased by 80%, and that the shear force increased 4.5 times as the shear rate increased. This gave the resulting product the characteristics of non-Newtonian fluid. LUMisizer stability demonstrated that microfluidization improves stability through protein absorption on the oil-water interface. Microfluidization increased the denaturation temperature (Tm) of WPE from 135.65℃ to 154.87℃. Moreover, microfluidization improved the color, centrifugal precipitation rate, and viscosity in WPB compared to the control at all studied temperatures. The Arrhenius approach was used to establish a shelf-life model, which predicted that microfluidized WPB could be stored for 175 d at 4℃.
Sevoflurane postconditioning ameliorates cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats via TLR4/MyD88/TRAF6 signaling pathway
Authors: Zhao Zijun , Li Yishuai , Chi Fei , Ma Li , Li Yanan , Wang Qiujun
Published: September 2022

To determine whether sevoflurane postconditioning protects against cerebral ischemia reperfusion (I/R) injury and its potential underlying mechanism, we employed bioinformatics, functional enrichment analysis, gene set enrichment analysis, neurological assessments, and western blot analysis, as well as triphenyl tetrazolium chloride, hematoxylin and eosin, Nissl, and immunofluorescence staining. We identified 103 differentially expressed genes induced by cerebral I/R, including 75 upregulated genes and 28 downregulated genes enriched for certain biological processes (involving regulation of inflammatory responses, cellular responses to interleukin 1, and chemokine activity) and signaling pathways (such as transcriptional misregulation in cancer, interleukin-17 signaling, rheumatoid arthritis, MAPK signaling, and Toll-like receptor signaling). Cerebral I/R-induced neurological deficits were comparatively less severe following sevoflurane postconditioning. In addition, TLR4/MyD88/TRAF6 signaling pathway-related proteins and neuropathic damage were ameliorated in aged rats following sevoflurane postconditioning, while the TLR4 agonist lipopolysaccharide aggravated these changes. Together, these findings suggest that sevoflurane postconditioning ameliorates cerebral I/R injury by a mechanism involving inhibition of the TLR4/MyD88/TRAF6 signaling pathway to suppress neuroinflammatory responses.
An Unusual Presentation of Paediatric Lupus Nephritis - Case Report
Authors: Singh Raashi , Jain Shruti , Sharma Shobha , Gupta Kanishk , Batra Vineeta , Gera Rani
Published: September 2022

Introduction : Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), a chronic autoimmune disease is characterized by periods of remissions and flares. Paediatric systemic lupus erythematosus (pSLE) is uncommon with majority diagnosed in adolescent age group and has more severe presentation specially involving kidneys. Kidney involvement primarily manifests as hematuria, proteinuria with varying kidney dysfunction and histologically presents as glomerulonephritis with associated tubulo-interstitial involvement. Predominant or isolated interstitial tubulo-nephritis without glomerulopathy is rare and reported in few cases. Also, the most common pulmonary presentation is pleurisy in SLE. Pneumothorax is rarely seen.
Case presentation : Here, we report a 10 years old female presenting with prolonged fever diagnosed as SLE later developing proteinuria with histology suggestive of isolated tubulo-interstitial nephritis. She had complicated course with recurrent pneumothorax and subsequent CNS tuberculosis(TB). Careful and regular monitoring of the case led to eventual improvement and remission.
Conclusion : Pediatric SLE is a serious illness with multi-systemic involvement and difficult course, therefore warrants close monitoring and active surveillance.
Concentration and Timing of Dikegulac Sodium on Helianthus hybrida ‘Sunfinity’ Seedlings for Potted Plant Production
Authors: Marshall Mason , Starman Terri , Pemberton H. Brent , Trostle Calvin
Published: September 2022

Sunflower ‘Sunfinity’ (Helianthus hybrida) can be produced as a potted plant if apical dominance is removed with a manual pinch to control plant height and promote branching and flower number. Chemical pinching agents such as dikegulac sodium could prove to be valuable tools to reduce the labor and costs associated with manual pinching. Our objective was to determine the time of seedling growth and concentration of dikegulac sodium foliar spray application that would result in morphology similar to manually pinched plants. Dikegulac sodium was applied to sunflower ‘Sunfinity’ seedlings at one of four concentrations increasing from 200 to 500 mg⋅L−1 at the time of growth when the first, second, or third node (N1, N2, or N3) was the apical node and axillary stems at those nodes were undeveloped. Applications of 400 mg⋅L−1 at N3 and 500 mg·L−1 at N2 removed apical dominance because of total senescence of the apical meristem and produced a well-branched plant similar to that subjected to manual pinching. Apical dominance was temporarily inhibited without senescence of the apical meristem when 400 mg⋅L−1 was applied at N2 and when 500 mg⋅L−1 was applied at N3, which, nevertheless, resulted in branching that formed a well-rounded canopy.
Seaweed Extract-based Biostimulant Impacts on Nitrate Reductase Activity and Root Viability of Ultradwarf Bermudagrass Subjected to Heat and Drought Stress
Authors: Zhang Xunzhong , Taylor Zachary , Goatley Mike , Booth Jordan , Brown Isabel , Kosiarski Kelly
Published: September 2022

Bermudagrass is a warm-season turfgrass species widely used for sports fields, home lawns, and golf courses. Ultradwarf bermudagrass has been used for golf course greens, but its quality declines with abiotic stresses. This 2-year study was designed to investigate if foliar applications of seaweed extract-based biostimulant Utilize® could improve ultradwarf bermudagrass photosynthetic function, nitrate reductase activity, root growth, and root function while under heat stress and drought stress conditions. Utilize® was applied to ultradwarf bermudagrass canopy at 0, 88, 117, 175, and 234 μL⋅m−2. Two weeks after the initial application of Utilize®, bermudagrass was subjected to heat (40/36 °C, day/night) and drought stress (40–50% evapotranspiration replacement) for up to 42 days. Heat stress and drought stress caused decline of the turf quality. Foliar application of Utilize® at 117, 175, and 234 μL⋅m−2 biweekly consistently improved turf quality and leaf color ratings and increased leaf chlorophyll and carotenoid concentrations, net photosynthetic rate, nitrate reductase activity, and root growth and viability. On average, Utilize® at 117, 175, and 234 μL⋅m−2 increased turf quality ratings by 9.1%, 12.1%, and 10.6%, respectively, net photosynthetic rates by 32.4%, 45.0%, and 35.0%, respectively, and nitrate reductase activity by 16.7%, 18.8%, and 14.6%, respectively, compared with the control. Utilize® at 117, 175, and 234 μL⋅m−2 increased the root biomass, root length, surface area, and root volume compared with the control. Utilize® at 88, 117, 175, and 234 μL⋅m−2 increased root viability by 46.2%, 73.1%, 88.5%, and 74.4%, respectively, relative to the control. The results of this study suggest that seaweed extract-based biostimulant Utilize® improves nitrogen metabolism, photosynthetic function, root growth, and root viability. Foliar application of Utilize® at rates between 117 and 175 μL⋅m−2 biweekly can be considered an effective approach to improving ultradwarf bermudagrass performance under heat stress and drought stress environments.
IDENTIFYING CONCEPTIONS OF THE COVALENT BOND: AN ANALYSIS FROM A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW
Authors: Baltieri Ricardo , Cebim Marco , Bego Amadeu
Published: September 2022

The covalent bond is a classical topic in science education because it is fundamental to a considerable number of other concepts and by its ability to interpret several chemical phenomena. However, the process of learning this concept presents some difficulties discussed here. This article brings together the conceptions related to the covalent bond, identified, and reported from other studies, to find similarities and to organize what is known about the topic in epistemological themes. In this paper, it was conducted a systematic review using 3 databases, reaching more than 200 reports, and classified 253 sentences of misconceptions in 7 epistemological themes. The main contribution of this article is the classification of misconceptions into themes, which enables teachers and researchers to easily identify a topic considering its complexity. This review shows different misconceptions over the same topic, how misinterpretations can appear over all the models and theories related to the covalent bond, heterogeneity of school levels with the same misconception and mixing of theoretical foundations. Finally, we claim that the knowledge of this wide sight can be especially important to further lesson/unity planning, studies, and understanding of how to make a better transition between one topic to another.
ONE-POT SYNTHESIS OF A REVERSIBLE AND SENSITIVE FLUORESCENT PROBE FOR THE DETECTION OF MALACHITE GREEN
Authors: Zhou Jinfeng , Chu Chunjie
Published: September 2022

In this work, a recyclable and sensitive fluorescent nanoprobe, RhoB@ZIF-8 composite, has been designed and successfully synthesized by encapsulating rhodamine B (abbreviated as RhoB) into the cavities of zeolitic imidazolate framework-8 (ZIF-8) metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) through a facile one-pot method under mild conditions. The RhoB@ZIF-8 composite exhibited an emission band at 589 nm with fluorescent quantum yield of 19.8%. Since there was an efficient overlap between the absorption of malachite green (MG) and the fluorescence spectra (excitation and emission bands) of RhoB@ZIF-8 composite, the fluorescence intensity decreased sharply after MG was added. The fluorescence quenching was linear with the concentration of MG in the range of 0 to 13.0 μM with a low limit of detection (LOD) of 0.089 μM. Remarkably, this proposed sensing system has good performances including high specificity, good stability and recyclability. Finally, this fluorescent probe was successfully applied to the detection of MG in aquaculture water and fish tissue samples, revealing its potential practicability. This work will provide us a new research platform for MG sensing.
FUNCIONALIZAÇÃO DE LIGAÇÕES C—H EM ESTÁGIO TARDIO EM SÍNTESE ORGÂNICA
Authors: Rocha Eduardo , Salmazo Yasmin , Hayashi Marcio , Zaragoza César , Lucca Emilio
Published: September 2022

LATE-STAGE FUNCTIONALIZATION OF C—H BONDS IN ORGANIC SYNTHESIS. The development of new strategies for the functionalization of the historically inert C—H bond arises as an excellent way to create new carbon—carbon and carbon— heteroatom bonds. With increasingly chemo- and site-selective methods that enables the late-stage functionalization of C—H bonds, the modification of specific sites in natural products and pharmaceuticals without altering their scaffold emerges as a powerful means for the diversification of complex molecules. In this review, we will introduce concepts of late-stage modifications, the use of C—H bond functionalization to forge new carbon—carbon and carbon—heteroatom bonds using metal catalysis and photochemistry in simple examples and their applications in natural products and pharmaceuticals. The aim of the review is to update and display to the reader the contributions and implications of this methodology to organic synthesis.
Obstetric Simulation Training to Breech Delivery, Shoulder Dystocia, Forceps, and Vacuum Experience
Authors: Eric Horasanlı Jule , DEMİRBAS NUR , Cıcek Seyma
Published: September 2022

OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to create a simulation model in shoulder dystocia, breech delivery, and vacuum forceps applications, and to show the effect of education on the knowledge-skill level of the individuals involved.
STUDY DESIGN: This prospective cohort research was conducted among assistant doctors and midwives. The course was held in the simulation center by creating 4 different scenarios. The steps of each maneuver were determined separately. Performance was evaluated on a five-point Likert-type scale between 1-5 points before and after training. A higher score was considered higher proficiency in the subject.
RESULTS: Of the participants in the study, 51.4% (n=19) of 37 were doctors. The post-training scores obtained from each step of the shoulder dystocia maneuvers, breech birth maneuver, forceps application, and vacuum application were statistically significantly higher than the pre-training scores (p<0.001). The change in the post-training skill scores of the physicians was significantly higher than that of the midwives (p<0.001). Post-training, 67.9% of the participants thought that the simulation training was a great help in transforming their theoretical knowledge into practice.
CONCLUSION: Breech delivery, shoulder dystocia, forceps, and vacuum applications are difficult subjects to education in obstetrics. In these pieces of training, simulation should be used as a training method in obstetric education and integrated into the curriculum. We believe that giving and disseminating an effective and accessible simulation protocol to healthcare professionals can reduce birth complications.
El oppidum de Ornedo-Santa Marina (Valdeolea, Cantabria). Secuencia de dataciones absolutas y aproximación a su identidad
Authors: Fernández Vega Pedro Ángel , Mantecón Callejo Lino , Bolado del Castillo Rafael
Published: September 2022

En este trabajo se presenta la secuencia de dataciones absolutas procedentes del oppidum de Monte Ornedo (Valdeolea, Cantabria) así como las características constructivas de las distintas estructuras defensivas. Gracias a ello ha sido posible conocer y fijar sus distintas adscripciones cronoculturales, permitiéndonos conocer su evolución desde la Segunda Edad del Hierro hasta la etapa imperial romana.
Study on pickling technology to control fouling of ceramic membrane treating secondary treated effluent
Authors: Wang Fengchao , Zhang Shoubin , Jiao Wenhai , Chen Jingying , Zhao Shikai , Ma Guoqiang , Liu Guicai
Published: September 2022

The application of membrane technology in the field of water treatment was increasingly widespread, but membrane fouling still restricted its development, and the membrane needed to be chemically cleaned. This research focused on the high-efficiency pickling technology of ceramic membrane, and developed the cleaning technology of ceramic membrane in cooperation with surfactant. In the experiment, the municipal secondary effluent was used as the raw water, and the single-step, mixed and step-by-step cleaning effects of three strong acids, three weak acids and surfactants on ceramic membranes and polyvinylidene difluoride (PVDF) membranes were investigated. For ceramic membrane, the optimal cleaning combination was H2SO4 first and then DTAC, and the flux recovery rate could reach 96.94%; for PVDF membrane, the optimal cleaning combination was HNO3 first and then H2SO4, and the flux recovery rate could reach 93.72%. In addition, the surface of initial, polluted, and cleaned membranes were analyzed by scanning electron microscope and contact angle, and the fouling mechanism of the ceramic membrane was analyzed. The results showed that through physical cleaning and chemical cleaning, most of the pollutants on the membrane surface and pores were removed. The cleaning method can effectively control the membrane pollution.
Ancient Wheat as Promising Nutraceuticals for the Prevention of
Chronic and Degenerative Diseases
Authors: Basile Giovanna , De Maio Azzurra Chiara , Catalano Alessia , Ceramella Jessica , Iacopetta Domenico , Bonofiglio Daniela , Saturnino Carmela , Sinicropi Maria Stefania
Published: September 2022

In the context of a balanced diet, wheat, mainly used as whole grains, is a
good source of nutrients, including fibers and bioactive compounds. Cereals belong to
the Poaceae family and are crucial for maintaining a healthy status, granted by their nutritional
and chemical properties. Recent studies have demonstrated that the intake of
whole grains and grain-based products may reduce the risk of oxidative stress, thus lowering
chronic and age-related disorders, such as obesity, cardiovascular diseases, type II diabetes
and cancer. Indeed, several studies report that regular whole grain consumption is
associated with lower levels of total and LDL-cholesterol, triglycerides, fasting glucose,
blood pressure and body mass index. Moreover, ancient wheat species have become increasingly
interested in human health, containing several nutraceutical compounds, such
as vitamins and minerals. The numerous phytochemicals present in ancient wheat (polyphenols,
carotenoids, phytosterols and phenolic compounds) provide, in fact, antioxidant
properties, which are essential in the prevention of various chronic and degenerative
diseases. This review aims to report information on ancient wheat species, discussing
their composition and nutraceutical properties compared with modern varieties and highlighting
the beneficial impact on human health.
Medicinal Prospects of Targeting Tyrosinase: A Feature Review
Authors: Wang Yuanyuan , Xiong Baichen , Xing Shuaishuai , Chen Ying , Liao Qinghong , Mo Jun , Chen Yao , Li Qi , Sun Haopeng
Published: September 2022

Tyrosinase is a bifunctional polyphenol oxidase (PPO), catalyzing two oxidative reactions: monophenols to o-quinones (monophenolase activity) and o-diphenols to o-quinones (diphenolase activity). As tyrosinase is the rate-limiting enzyme for the melanogenesis process, it is an attractive target for melanogenesis inhibition. Aiming at skin whitening, anticancer, Parkinson’s disease (PD) treatment, antibacterial, fruit and vegetable preservation and other anti-pigmentation effect, medicinal chemists have exploited diverse tyrosinase inhibitors through various approaches. In addition to discovering inhibitors with novel scaffold, good activity and high safety, researchers also focused on developing strategies for synergistic effects of multiple inhibitors and simultaneously regulating multiple targets to treat cancer or neurodegenerative diseases. This review focused on multiple natural and synthetic tyrosinase inhibitors which could contribute to preventing fruit and vegetable browning, skin whitening, antibacterial, anticancer, Parkinson's Disease etc.