bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PET/MR fusion texture analysis for the clinical outcome prediction in soft-tissue sarcoma
Authors: Zhao Wenzhe , Huang Xin , Wang Geliang , Guo Jianxin
Published: January 2022

Background

Various fusion strategies (feature-level fusion, matrix-level fusion, and image-level fusion) were used to fuse PET and MR images, which might lead to different feature values and classification performance. The purpose of this study was to measure the classification capability of features extracted using various PET/MR fusion methods in a dataset of soft-tissue sarcoma (STS).

Methods

The retrospective dataset included 51 patients with histologically proven STS. All patients had pre-treatment PET and MR images. The image-level fusion was conducted using discrete wavelet transformation (DWT). During the DWT process, the MR weight was set as 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, …, 0.9. And the corresponding PET weight was set as 1- (MR weight). The fused PET/MR images was generated using the inverse DWT. The matrix-level fusion was conducted by fusing the feature calculation matrix during the feature extracting process. The feature-level fusion was conducted by concatenating and averaging the features. We measured the predictive performance of features using univariate analysis and multivariable analysis. The univariate analysis included the Mann-Whitney U test and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis. The multivariable analysis was used to develop the signatures by jointing the maximum relevance minimum redundancy method and multivariable logistic regression. The area under the ROC curve (AUC) value was calculated to evaluate the classification performance.

Results

By using the univariate analysis, the features extracted using image-level fusion method showed the optimal classification performance. For the multivariable analysis, the signatures developed using the image-level fusion-based features showed the best performance. For the T1/PET image-level fusion, the signature developed using the MR weight of 0.1 showed the optimal performance (0.9524(95% confidence interval (CI), 0.8413–0.9999)). For the T2/PET image-level fusion, the signature developed using the MR weight of 0.3 showed the optimal performance (0.9048(95%CI, 0.7356–0.9999)).

Conclusions

For the fusion of PET/MR images in patients with STS, the signatures developed using the image-level fusion-based features showed the optimal classification performance than the signatures developed using the feature-level fusion and matrix-level fusion-based features, as well as the single modality features. The image-level fusion method was more recommended to fuse PET/MR images in future radiomics studies.
Association of rheumatoid arthritis and its severity with human leukocytic antigen-DRB1 alleles in Kurdish region in North of Iraq
Authors: Albarzinji Niaz , Ismael Sherzad Ali , Albustany Dashty
Published: January 2022

Background

Rheumatoid arthritis is a complex multifactorial chronic disease, the importance of human leukocytic antigen (HLA) as a major genetic risk factor for rheumatoid arthritis was studied worldwide. The objective of this study is to identify the association of HLA-DRB1 subtypes with rheumatoid arthritis and its severity in Kurdish region.

Methods

A case–control study recruited 65 rheumatoid arthritis patients and 100 healthy individuals as control group all over the Kurdistan region/Iraq. Both patient and control groups are genotyped using polymerase chain reaction with sequence specific primer. Anti-CCP antibodies were measured by ELISA test. Rheumatoid factor, C-reactive protein, and disease activity score 28 which measured by DAS-28 values were calculated. The DAS-28 was used to assess the clinical severity of the patients.

Results

HLA-DRB1-0404 and HLA-DRB1-0405 frequencies showed a strong association with disease susceptibility (P < 0.001). The frequency of HLA-DRB1-0411 and HLA-DRB1-0413 were significantly higher in control group (P < 0.001). The frequency of rheumatoid factor and Anti-CCP were significantly higher among shared epitope-positive patients compared to shared epitope-negative patients (P < 0.001). Regarding the disease activity by DAS-28, rheumatoid arthritis patients didn’t show significant difference between the shared epitope-positive and shared epitope-negative patients.

Conclusions

HLA-DR0404 and HLA-DR0405 alleles are related to RA, while HLA-DR1-0411 and HLA-DRB1-0413 protect against RA in the Kurdistan region in the North of Iraq.
The effects of COVID-19 vaccines on economic activity
Authors: Deb Pragyan , Furceri Davide , Jimenez Daniel , Kothari Siddharth , Ostry Jonathan D. , Tawk Nour
Published: January 2022

This paper empirically examines the economic effects of COVID-19 vaccine rollouts using a cross-country daily database of vaccinations and high-frequency indicators of economic activity—nitrogen dioxide (NO2) emissions, carbon monoxide (CO) emissions, and Google mobility indices—for a sample of 46 countries over the period December 16, 2020 to June 20, 2021. Using surprises in vaccines administered, we find that an unexpected increase in vaccination per capita is associated with a significant increase in economic activity. We also find evidence for nonlinear effects of vaccines, with the marginal economic benefits being larger when vaccination rates are higher. Country-specific conditions play an important role, with lower economic gains if strict containment measures are in place or if the country is experiencing a severe outbreak. Finally, the results provide evidence of spillovers across borders, highlighting the importance of equitable access to vaccines across nations.
Hole probability for noninteracting fermions in a d-dimensional trap
Authors: Gouraud G. , Le Doussal P. , Schehr G.
Published: January 2022

The hole probability, i.e., the probability that a region is void of particles, is a benchmark of correlations in many-body systems. We compute analytically this probability P(R) for a sphere of radius R in the case of N noninteracting fermions in their ground state in a d-dimensional trapping potential. Using a connection to the Laguerre-Wishart ensembles of random matrices, we show that, for large N and in the bulk of the Fermi gas, P(R) is described by a universal scaling function of k

F
 R, for which we obtain an exact formula (k

F
being the local Fermi wave vector). It exhibits a super-exponential tail

where

is a universal amplitude, in good agreement with existing numerical simulations. When R is of the order of the radius of the Fermi gas, the hole probability is described by a large deviation form which is not universal and which we compute exactly for the harmonic potential. Similar results also hold in momentum space.
Effect of Daily Vitamin D3 Supplementation on Muscle Health: An Individual Participant Meta-analysis
Authors: Bislev Lise Sofie , Wamberg Louise , Rolighed Lars , Grove-Laugesen Diana , Rejnmark Lars
Published: January 2022

Background

The role of vitamin D on muscle health is debated.

Methods

An individual participant metanalysis of 4 randomized placebo-controlled trials, investigating short-term (3-9months) effects of vitamin D3 in moderate (2800 IU) to high (7000 IU) daily oral doses on muscle health and quality of life (QoL). Inclusion criteria were either obesity (n = 52), newly diagnosed primary hyperparathyroidism (n = 41), Graves’ disease (n = 86), or secondary hyperparathyroidism (n = 81).

Results

Overall (n = 260) as well as in a subgroup analysis including only vitamin D insufficient [25(OH)D < 50 nmol/L] individuals (n = 176), vitamin D supplementation did not affect measures of muscle health (isometric muscle strength, Timed Up and Go test, chair rising test, body composition, and balance) or QoL. However, a beneficial effect was present on QoL (physical component score) in vitamin D deficient [25(OH)D < 25 nmol/L] individuals (n = 34). Overall, relative changes in 25(OH)D inversely affected maximum muscle strength in a dose-response manner. Stratified into body mass index </> 30 kg/m2, vitamin D supplementation had divergent effects on isometric muscle strength, with beneficial effects in obese individuals (n = 93) at knee flexion 90° (P = 0.04), and adverse effects in nonobese individuals (n = 167) at handgrip (P = 0.02), knee extension 60° (P = 0.03) and knee flexion 60° (P < 0.01).

Conclusion

Overall, short-term treatment with moderate to high daily doses of vitamin D did not affect muscle health or QoL. A potential beneficial effect was present on muscle strength in severely obese individuals and on QoL in vitamin D deficient individuals. Subgroup analyses, however, suggested negative effects of large relative increases in p-25(OH)D.
The Role of Morning Plasma Cortisol in Obesity: A Bidirectional Mendelian Randomization Study
Authors: Qi Xiaohui , Cui Bin , Cao Min
Published: January 2022

Context

Cortisol, an important hormone regulated by the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, is associated with obesity. However, it is unclear whether the relationship between cortisol and obesity is causal or could be explained by reverse causality.

Objective

This work aims to assess the role of morning plasma cortisol in clinical classes of obesity.

Methods

In this bidirectional, 2-sample mendelian randomization (MR) study, cortisol-associated genetic variants were obtained from the CORtisol NETwork consortium (n = 12 597). The primary outcomes were obesity class I (body mass index [BMI] ≥ 30), class II (BMI ≥ 35), and class III (BMI ≥ 40). The inverse variance weighting method was used as the main analysis, with weighted median, MR-Egger, and MR pleiotropy residual sum and outlier (MR-PRESSO) as sensitivity analyses. Conversely, genetic variants predicting clinical classes of obesity were applied to the cortisol genome-wide association study.

Results

Genetically predicted cortisol was associated with reduced risk of obesity class I (OR = 0.905; 95% CI, 0.865-0.946; P < .001). Evidence from bidirectional MR showed that obesity class II and class III were associated with lower cortisol levels ([class II-cortisol OR = 0.953; 95% CI, 0.923-0.983; P = .002]; [class III-cortisol OR = 0.955; 95% CI, 0.942-0.967; P < .001]), indicating reverse causality between cortisol and obesity.

Conclusion

This study demonstrates that cortisol is negatively associated with obesity and vice versa. Together, these findings suggest that blunted morning plasma cortisol secretion may be responsible for severe obesity. Regulating morning plasma cortisol secretion might be a prevention measure for obese people.
Mapping the Cord Blood Transcriptome of Pregnancies Affected by Early Maternal Anemia to Identify Signatures of Fetal Programming
Authors: Hatem Gad , Hjort Line , Asplund Olof , Minja Daniel T R , Msemo Omari Abdul , Møller Sofie Lykke , Lavstsen Thomas , Groth-Grunnet Louise , Lusingu John P A , Hansson Ola , Christensen Dirk Lund , Vaag Allan A , Artner Isabella , Theander Thor , Groop Leif , Schmiegelow Christentze , Bygbjerg Ib Christian , Prasad Rashmi B
Published: January 2022

Context

Anemia during early pregnancy (EP) is common in developing countries and is associated with adverse health consequences for both mothers and children. Offspring of women with EP anemia often have low birth weight, which increases risk for cardiometabolic diseases, including type 2 diabetes (T2D), later in life.

Objective

We aimed to elucidate mechanisms underlying developmental programming of adult cardiometabolic disease, including epigenetic and transcriptional alterations potentially detectable in umbilical cord blood (UCB) at time of birth.

Methods

We leveraged global transcriptome- and accompanying epigenome-wide changes in 48 UCB from newborns of EP anemic Tanzanian mothers and 50 controls to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in UCB exposed to maternal EP anemia. DEGs were assessed for association with neonatal anthropometry and cord insulin levels. These genes were further studied in expression data from human fetal pancreas and adult islets to understand their role in beta-cell development and/or function.

Results

The expression of 137 genes was altered in UCB of newborns exposed to maternal EP anemia. These putative signatures of fetal programming, which included the birth weight locus LCORL, were potentially mediated by epigenetic changes in 27 genes and associated with neonatal anthropometry. Among the DEGs were P2RX7, PIK3C2B, and NUMBL, which potentially influence beta-cell development. Insulin levels were lower in EP anemia–exposed UCB, supporting the notion of developmental programming of pancreatic beta-cell dysfunction and subsequently increased risk of T2D in offspring of mothers with EP anemia.

Conclusions

Our data provide proof-of-concept on distinct transcriptional and epigenetic changes detectable in UCB from newborns exposed to maternal EP anemia.
Sugammadex Versus Neostigmine for Reversal of Residual Neuromuscular Blocks After Surgery: A Retrospective Cohort Analysis of Postoperative Side Effects
Authors: Ruetzler Kurt , Li Kai , Chhabada Surendrasingh , Maheshwari Kamal , Chahar Praveen , Khanna Sandeep , Schmidt Marc T. , Yang Dongsheng , Turan Alparslan , Sessler Daniel I.
Published: January 2022

BACKGROUND:

Sugammadex and neostigmine given to reverse residual neuromuscular blockade can cause side effects including bradycardia, anaphylaxis, bronchospasm, and even cardiac arrest. We tested the hypothesis that sugammadex is noninferior to neostigmine on a composite of clinically meaningful side effects, or vice versa.

METHODS:

We analyzed medical records of patients who had general, cardiothoracic, or pediatric surgery and were given neostigmine or sugammadex from June 2016 to December 2019. Our primary outcome was a collapsed composite of bradycardia, anaphylaxis, bronchospasm, and cardiac arrest occurring between administration of the reversal agent and departure from the operation room. We a priori restricted our analysis to side effects requiring pharmacologic treatment that were therefore presumably clinically meaningful. Sugammadex would be considered noninferior to neostigmine (or vice versa) if the odds ratio for composite of side effects did not exceed 1.2.

RESULTS:

Among 89,753 surgeries in 70,690 patients, 16,480 (18%) were given sugammadex and 73,273 (82%) were given neostigmine. The incidence of composite outcome was 3.4% in patients given sugammadex and 3.0% in patients given neostigmine. The most common individual side effect was bradycardia (2.4% in the sugammadex group versus 2.2% neostigmine). Noninferiority was not found, with an estimated odds ratio of 1.21 (sugammadex versus neostigmine; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.09–1.34; noninferiority P = .57), and neostigmine was superior to sugammadex with an estimated odds ratio of 0.83 (0.74–0.92), 1-side superiority P < .001.

CONCLUSIONS:

The composite incidence was less with neostigmine than with sugammadex, but only by 0.4% (a negligible clinical effect). Since 250 patients would need to be given neostigmine rather than sugammadex to avoid 1 episode of a minor complication such as bradycardia or bronchospasm, we conclude that sugammadex and neostigmine are comparably safe.
Autonomic Dysreflexia After Hip Fractures Managed by Regional Anesthesia: A Case Report
Authors: Huynh Alexander , Ryan Rabiul , Patel Rohan , Molina Alan , Olson Alexander M. , Schwenk Eric S.
Published: January 2022

Autonomic dysreflexia occurs after a spinal cord injury usually at the level of T6 or above, and its hallmark feature is exaggerated autonomic response to noxious stimuli resulting in uncontrolled hypertensive episodes with reflexive bradycardia that can be fatal if not controlled. We present a case highlighting regional anesthetic techniques, including peripheral nerve blocks, to ameliorate the symptoms of autonomic dysreflexia triggered by hip fractures in a 57-year-old woman with an old C5-C6 spinal cord injury before definitive hip surgery. The regional techniques described provide anesthesiologists with a simple strategy to potentially mitigate a life-threatening situation.
Research Note: Gender Differences in Employment During the COVID-19 Epidemic
Authors: Villarreal Andrés , Yu Wei-hsin
Published: January 2022

We investigate the impact of the COVID-19 epidemic on gender disparities in three employment outcomes: labor force participation, full-time employment, and unemployment. Using data from the monthly Current Population Survey, in this research note we test individual fixed-effects models to examine the employment status of women relative to that of men in the nine months following the onset of the epidemic in March of 2020. We also test separate models to examine differences between women and men based on the presence of young children. Because the economic effects of the epidemic coincided with the summer months, when women's employment often declines, we account for seasonality in women's employment status. After doing so, we find that women's full-time employment did not decline significantly relative to that of men during the months following the beginning of the epidemic. Gender gaps in unemployment and labor force participation did increase, however, in the early and later months of the year, respectively. Our findings regarding women's labor force participation and employment have implications for our understanding of the long-term effects of the health crisis on other demographic outcomes.
Cell trajectory modeling identifies a primitive trophoblast state defined by BCAM enrichment
Authors: Shannon Matthew J. , Baltayeva Jennet , Castellana Barbara , Wächter Jasmin , McNeill Gina L. , Yoon Ji Soo , Treissman Jenna , Le Hoa T. , Lavoie Pascal M. , Beristain Alexander G.
Published: January 2022

In early placental development, progenitor cytotrophoblasts (CTB) differentiate along one of two cellular trajectories: the villous or extravillous pathways. CTB committed to the villous pathway fuse with neighboring CTB to form the outer multinucleated syncytiotrophoblast (SCT), whereas CTB committed to the extravillous pathway differentiate into invasive extravillous trophoblasts (EVT). Unfortunately, little is known about the processes controlling human CTB progenitor maintenance and differentiation. To address this, we established a single cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) dataset from first trimester placentas to identify cell states important in trophoblast progenitor establishment, renewal and differentiation. Multiple distinct trophoblast states were identified, representing progenitor CTB, column CTB, SCT precursors and EVT. Lineage trajectory analysis identified a progenitor origin that was reproduced in human trophoblast stem cell organoids. Heightened expression of basal cell adhesion molecule (BCAM) defined this primitive state, where BCAM enrichment or gene silencing resulted in enhanced or diminished organoid growth, respectively. Together, this work describes at high-resolution trophoblast heterogeneity within the first trimester, resolves gene networks within human CTB progenitors and identifies BCAM as a primitive progenitor marker and possible regulator.
Validation of DE50-MD dogs as a model for the brain phenotype of Duchenne muscular dystrophy
Authors: Crawford Abbe H. , Hildyard John C. W. , Rushing Sophie A. M. , Wells Dominic J. , Diez-Leon Maria , Piercy Richard J.
Published: January 2022

Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD), a fatal musculoskeletal disease, is associated with neurodevelopmental disorders and cognitive impairment caused by brain dystrophin deficiency. Dog models of DMD represent key translational tools to study dystrophin biology and to develop novel therapeutics. However, characterisation of dystrophin expression and function in the canine brain is lacking. We studied the DE50-MD canine model of DMD that has a missense mutation in the donor splice site of exon 50. Using a battery of cognitive tests, we detected a neurocognitive phenotype in DE50-MD dogs, including reduced attention, problem solving and exploration of novel objects. Through a combination of capillary immunoelectrophoresis, immunolabelling, quantitative PCR and RNAScope in situ hybridisation, we show that regional dystrophin expression in the adult canine brain reflects that of humans, and that the DE50-MD dog lacks full-length dystrophin (Dp427) protein expression but retains expression of the two shorter brain-expressed isoforms, Dp140 and Dp71. Thus, the DE50-MD dog is a translationally relevant pre-clinical model to study the consequences of Dp427 deficiency in the brain and to develop therapeutic strategies for the neurological sequelae of DMD.
The nucleolar δ isoform of adapter protein SH2B1 enhances morphological complexity and function of cultured neurons
Authors: Cote Jessica L. , Vander Paul B. , Ellis Michael , Cline Joel M. , Svezhova Nadezhda , Doche Michael E. , Maures Travis J. , Choudhury Tahrim A. , Kong Seongbae , Klaft Olivia G. J. , Joe Ray M. , Argetsinger Lawrence S. , Carter-Su Christin
Published: January 2022

The adapter protein SH2B1 is recruited to neurotrophin receptors, including TrkB (also known as NTRK2), the receptor for brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). Herein, we demonstrate that the four alternatively spliced isoforms of SH2B1 (SH2B1α–SH2B1δ) are important determinants of neuronal architecture and neurotrophin-induced gene expression. Primary hippocampal neurons from Sh2b1−/− [knockout (KO)] mice exhibit decreased neurite complexity and length, and BDNF-induced expression of the synapse-related immediate early genes Egr1 and Arc. Reintroduction of each SH2B1 isoform into KO neurons increases neurite complexity; the brain-specific δ isoform also increases total neurite length. Human obesity-associated variants, when expressed in SH2B1δ, alter neurite complexity, suggesting that a decrease or increase in neurite branching may have deleterious effects that contribute to the severe childhood obesity and neurobehavioral abnormalities associated with these variants. Surprisingly, in contrast to SH2B1α, SH2B1β and SH2B1γ, which localize primarily in the cytoplasm and plasma membrane, SH2B1δ resides primarily in nucleoli. Some SH2B1δ is also present in the plasma membrane and nucleus. Nucleolar localization, driven by two highly basic regions unique to SH2B1δ, is required for SH2B1δ to maximally increase neurite complexity and BDNF-induced expression of Egr1, Arc and FosL1.
Tracheal tube fusion in Drosophila involves release of extracellular vesicles from multivesicular bodies
Authors: Camelo Carolina , Körte Anna , Jacobs Thea , Luschnig Stefan
Published: January 2022

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) comprise diverse types of cell-released membranous structures that are thought to play important roles in intercellular communication. While the formation and functions of EVs have been investigated extensively in cultured cells, studies of EVs in vivo have remained scarce. We report here that EVs are present in the developing lumen of tracheal tubes in Drosophila embryos. We define two distinct EV subpopulations, one of which contains the Munc13-4 (also known as UNC13D) homolog Staccato (Stac) and is spatially and temporally associated with tracheal tube fusion (anastomosis) events. The formation of Stac-positive luminal EVs depends on the tracheal tip-cell-specific GTPase Arl3 (also known as Dnd in Drosophila), which is also required for the formation of Stac-positive multivesicular bodies (MVBs), suggesting that Stac-positive EVs derive from fusion of Stac-positive MVBs with the luminal membrane in tip cells during anastomosis formation. The GTPases Rab27 and Rab35 cooperate downstream of Arl3 to promote Stac-positive MVB formation and tube fusion. We propose that Stac-positive MVBs act as membrane reservoirs that facilitate tracheal lumen fusion in a process regulated by Arl3, Rab27, Rab35 and Stac.

This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.
Elastic energy storage across speeds during steady-state hopping of desert kangaroo rats (Dipodomys deserti)
Authors: Christensen Brooke A. , Lin David C. , Schwaner M. Janneke , McGowan Craig P.
Published: January 2022

Small bipedal hoppers, including kangaroo rats, are not thought to benefit from substantial elastic energy storage and return during hopping. However, recent species-specific material properties research suggests that, despite relative thickness, the ankle extensor tendons of these small hoppers are considerably more compliant than had been assumed. With faster locomotor speeds demanding higher forces, a lower tendon stiffness suggests greater tendon deformation and thus a greater potential for elastic energy storage and return with increasing speed. Using the elastic modulus values specific to kangaroo rat tendons, we sought to determine how much elastic energy is stored and returned during hopping across a range of speeds. In vivo techniques were used to record tendon force in the ankle extensors during steady-speed hopping. Our data support the hypothesis that the ankle extensor tendons of kangaroo rats store and return elastic energy in relation to hopping speed, storing more at faster speeds. Despite storing comparatively less elastic energy than larger hoppers, this relationship between speed and energy storage offers novel evidence of a functionally similar energy storage mechanism, operating irrespective of body size or tendon thickness, across the distal muscle–tendon units of both small and large bipedal hoppers.
Suction feeding biomechanics ofPolypterus bichir: investigating linkage mechanisms and the contributions of cranial kinesis to oral cavity volume change
Authors: Whitlow Katrina R. , Ross Callum F. , Gidmark Nicholas J. , Laurence-Chasen J. D. , Westneat Mark W.
Published: January 2022

Many fishes use substantial cranial kinesis to rapidly increase buccal cavity volume, pulling prey into the mouth via suction feeding. Living polypterids are a key lineage for understanding the evolution and biomechanics of suction feeding because of their phylogenetic position and unique morphology. Polypterus bichir have fewer mobile cranial elements compared with teleosts [e.g. immobile (pre)maxillae] but successfully generate suction through dorsal, ventral and lateral oral cavity expansion. However, the relative contributions of these motions to suction feeding success have not been quantified. Additionally, extensive body musculature and lack of opercular jaw opening linkages make P. bichir of interest for examining the role of cranial versus axial muscles in driving mandibular depression. Here, we analyzed the kinematics of buccal expansion during suction feeding in P. bichir using X-ray Reconstruction of Moving Morphology (XROMM) and quantified the contributions of skeletal elements to oral cavity volume expansion and prey capture. Mouth gape peaks early in the strike, followed by maximum cleithral and ceratohyal rotations, and finally by opercular and suspensorial abductions, maintaining the anterior-to-posterior movement of water. Using a new method of quantifying bones’ relative contributions to volume change (RCVC), we demonstrate that ceratohyal kinematics are the most significant drivers of oral cavity volume change. All measured cranial bone motions, except abduction of the suspensorium, are correlated with prey motion. Lastly, cleithral retraction is largely concurrent with ceratohyal retraction and jaw depression, while the sternohyoideus maintains constant length, suggesting a central role of the axial muscles, cleithrum and ceratohyal in ventral expansion.
The Second-Generation Click-to-Sense Probe for Intraoperative Diagnosis of Breast Cancer Tissues Based on Acrolein Targeting
Authors: Pradipta Ambara R , Michiba Hiroyuki , Kubo Anna , Fujii Motoko , Tanei Tomonori , Morimoto Koji , Shimazu Kenzo , Tanaka Katsunori
Published: January 2022

Recently, we found that a bulky 2,6-diisopropylphenyl azide is more reactive than a simple phenyl azide toward acrolein. Herein, we conjugated tetramethylrhodamine (TAMRA) to the bulky phenyl azide and utilized it as a second-generation click-to-sense (CTS) probe to analyze cancer by targeting the cellular acrolein. Subsequently, we observed that this second-generation CTS probe could distinguish breast cancer tissues with higher sensitivity than the first-generation CTS probe. Moreover, adding Rh2(OAc)4 to the system promotes the formation of a metal carbenoid intermediate that accelerates the covalent attachment of the probe to an organelle in the cancer cells.
An Unprecedented Cembranoid with a Novel Tricyclo[9.3.0.02,12]tetradecane Skeleton and Related Diterpenes from the Soft Coral Sarcophyton cinereum
Authors: Chen Yi-Ju , Chao Chih-Hua , Huang Chiung-Yao , Hwang Tsong-Long , Chang Fang-Rong , Dai Chang-Feng , Sheu Jyh-Horng
Published: January 2022

Cinerelolide (1) with an unprecedented tricyclo[9.3.0.02,12]tetradecane scaffold fused with a seven-membered lactone ring, and a new sarsolenone derivative, 11-deoxo-11α-hydroxysarsolenone (2), were isolated from the Formosan soft coral Sarcophyton cinereum. Their structures were rigorously determined by spectroscopic study, chemical transformation, and computational approach. Also, the structures of sarsolenone and 7-deacetylsarsolenone were revised in this work. Some of the isolates were shown to exhibit cytotoxicity toward a limited panel of cancer cell lines.
Microwave Boosting of Interfacial Tunneling Electron Transfer in a Quantum Dot-Sensitized Photoelectrode
Authors: Matsuhisa Masayuki , Kishimoto Fuminao , Furusawa Kosuke , Tsubaki Shuntaro , Wada Yuji
Published: January 2022

Microwaves (MWs) with a frequency of sub–gigahertz or multi–gigahertz can promote a rotation of polar molecules and a vibration of electric charges through an interaction with the alternating electric fields which comprise the MWs. The MWs can also promote the rotation of dipoles formed at the interface of Schottky junctions and semiconductor heterojunctions (e.g. p–n junction), leading us to expect that photoinduced electron transfer reaction at the interface can be perturbed by the dipole rotation induced by MWs. In this paper, we successfully demonstrated that 2.45 GHz MWs can boost the photocurrents of FTO/TiO2 and FTO/TiO2/CdS electrodes, which are typically used electrode structures in quantum dot- or dye-sensitized solar cells. From photoelectrochemical analysis using precisely controlled MW power and illuminant wavelength, a model is proposed in which the tunneling electron transfer reactions occurring in photoelectrodes are accelerated by MW-induced perturbations of the interfacial dipoles at the tunneling interfaces. The model proposed here would open the way for novel applications of MWs in the fields of photo-, electro-, and photoelectrocatalysis with the aim of solar energy conversion.
Exercise as a Moderator of Persistent Neuroendocrine Symptoms of COVID-19
Authors: Rebello Candida J. , Axelrod Christopher L. , Reynolds Charles F. , Greenway Frank L. , Kirwan John P.
Published: January 2022

Precipitated by chronic psychological stress, immune system dysregulation, and a hyperinflammatory state, the sequelae of postacute COVID-19 (long COVID) include depression and new-onset diabetes. We hypothesize that exercise counters the neuropsychiatric and endocrine sequelae of long COVID by inducing the release of circulating factors that mediate the anti-inflammatory response, support brain homeostasis, and increase insulin sensitivity.
Clinical Utility and Validity of Exercise Vital Sign in Children
Authors: Young Julie A. , Hand Brittany N. , Onate James A. , Valasek Amy E.
Published: January 2022

We reviewed charts of 14,446 sports medicine patients, children aged 5 to 18 years, over a 3-year period to determine the discriminant validity of Exercise Vital Sign (EVS) questions. A logistic regression analyzed factors related to any moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA). A linear regression analyzed factors related to amount of MVPA for those who participated in any weekly MVPA. Overall, 48% of children reported meeting physical activity guidelines for 420 min·wk−1. Overall, children reported 400.36 ± 280.04 min·wk−1 of MVPA. Those with depression had significantly less MVPA than those without (95% confidence interval [CI], −96.65 to −26.31). Girls had significantly less MVPA than boys (95% CI, −59.15 to −40.31). Overweight and obese children reported less MVPA compared with normal weight children (95% CIs, −42.65 to −17.29 and −91.61 to −65.50, respectively). EVS demonstrates strong discriminant validity to detect differences between groups as a function of sex, body mass index, and depression.
High-Intensity Interval Training in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: A Two-Center, Three-Armed Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: KIEL IDA A. , LIONETT SOFIE , PARR EVELYN B. , JONES HELEN , RØSET MARIA A. H. , SALVESEN ØYVIND , HAWLEY JOHN A. , VANKY ESZTER , MOHOLDT TRINE
Published: January 2022

Purpose

Exercise training is recommended to improve cardiometabolic health and fertility in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), yet there are few randomized controlled trials on the effects of different exercise protocols on clinical reproductive outcomes. Our aim was to determine the effect of high-intensity interval training (HIT) on menstrual frequency, as a proxy of reproductive function, in women with PCOS.

Methods

The IMPROV-IT study was a two-center randomized controlled trial undertaken in Norway and Australia. Women with PCOS were eligible for inclusion. After stratification for body mass index <27 or ≥27 kg·m−2 and study center, participants were randomly allocated (1:1:1) to high-volume HIT (HV-HIT), low-volume HIT (LV-HIT), or a control group. Measurements were assessed at baseline, after the 16-wk exercise intervention, and at 12-month follow-up. The primary outcome was menstrual frequency after 12 months. Secondary outcomes included markers of cardiometabolic and reproductive health, quality of life, and adherence to and enjoyment of HIT.

Results

We randomly allocated 64 participants to the HV-HIT (n = 20), LV-HIT (n = 21), or control group (n = 23). There were no differences in menstrual frequency at 12 months between the LV-HIT and control groups (frequency ratio, 1.02; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.73–1.42), the HV-HIT and control groups (frequency ratio, 0.93; 95% CI, 0.67–1.29), or the LV-HIT and HV-HIT groups (frequency ratio, 1.09; 95% CI, 0.77–1.56). Menstrual frequency increased in all groups from baseline to 12 months. More participants became pregnant in the LV-HIT group (n = 5) than in the control group (n = 0, P = 0.02).

Conclusions

A semisupervised HIT intervention did not increase menstrual frequency in women with PCOS.

Clinical Trial Registration Number:
ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT02419482).
Moderate and Higher Protein Intakes Promote Superior Body Recomposition in Older Women Performing Resistance Training
Authors: RIBEIRO ALEX S. , PEREIRA LUIZ C. , SCHOENFELD BRAD J. , NUNES JOÃO PEDRO , KASSIANO WITALO , NABUCO HELLEN C. G. , SUGIHARA JUNIOR PAULO , FERNANDES RODRIGO R. , ANTUNES MELISSA , AGUIAR ANDREO F. , CYRINO EDILSON S.
Published: January 2022

Purpose

Resistance training (RT) combined with appropriate dietary intake can promote a concomitant increase in skeletal muscle mass (SMM) and reduction in fat mass, a condition termed body recomposition. This study’s primary purpose was to explore the effects of protein ingestion on body recomposition after 24 wk of RT in older women.

Methods

Data from 130 untrained older women (68.7 ± 5.6 yr, 66.5 ± 11.5 kg, 155.5 ± 6.0 cm, and 27.4 ± 4.0 kg·m−2) across six studies were retrospectively analyzed. The participants were divided into tertiles according to their customary protein intake (g·kg−1·d−1): lower (LP; n = 45), moderate (MP; n = 42), and higher (HP; n = 43) protein intake. Participants performed a whole-body RT program carried out over 24 wk (eight exercises, three sets, 8–15 repetitions, three sessions a week). SMM and fat mass were determined by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry.

Results

All groups increased SMM from baseline (P < 0.05), with the HP and MP groups showing greater increases than the LP group (LP, 2.3%; MP, 5.4%; and HP, 5.1%; P < 0.05). Reductions in fat mass were similar for all three groups (LP, 1.7%; MP, 3.7%; and HP, 3.1%; P > 0.05). The composite z-score of the percentage changes from pretraining to posttraining indicated greater positive body recomposition values for HP and MP compared with LP (P < 0.05).

Conclusions

Results suggest that protein intake is a moderating variable for body recomposition in older women undergoing RT, with a low protein intake having a less favorable effect on body recomposition.
Long-Term Adaptations in the Squat, Bench Press, and Deadlift: Assessing Strength Gain in Powerlifting Athletes
Authors: LATELLA CHRISTOPHER , OWEN PATRICK J. , DAVIES TIMOTHY , SPATHIS JEMIMA , MALLARD ALISTAIR , VAN DEN HOEK DANIEL
Published: January 2022

Purpose

Understanding strength changes with resistance training is important in human performance. It also enables better understanding into the expected magnitude of strength increase and factors that influence this change over time.

Methods

Squat, bench press, and deadlift scores were collated from 407 powerlifting meets (n = 1896 unique competitors: ~625 females, ~1270 males) between 2003 and 2018. Absolute (in kilograms) and relative starting strength (in kilograms per body weight) for each lift type was expressed for both sexes. Maximum and overall strength gain per day and per year (in kilograms) was calculated by comparing first and final, or maximum scores for each lift, respectively, and considered based on strength quartile classification. Paired and independent t-tests compared strength changes from baseline and between sexes. One-way ANOVAs compared strength changes between quartiles. Pearson correlations assessed relationships between strength changes over time, and baseline strength, number of competitions, and total days competing.

Results

Maximum strength adaptations were greater for squat (20.2–25.4 kg·yr−1) and deadlift (18.1–21.1 kg·yr−1) compared with bench press (10.5–12.8 kg·yr−1, P ≤ 0.001). However, the change in absolute (all lifts: P = 0.247–0.379) and relative strength (all lifts: P = 0.641–0.821) did not differ between sexes. For females, maximum strength gain per day did not differ by quartile (all lifts: P = 0.091–0.746), nor did overall strength gain per day (P = 0.151–0.575). Conversely, males in the fourth quartile generally displayed lower maximum and overall strength gain per day.

Conclusions

These findings show differences in strength gain between upper- and lower-body lifts, but not sex differences in the change in strength. In line with previous research, the strongest males likely gain strength more slowly than weaker counterparts. Professionals should consider this information in the training, assessment, and long-term benchmarking of athletes whose sports require a focus on muscular strength.
Frequency and intensity of [18F]-PSMA-1007 uptake after COVID-19 vaccination in clinical PET
Authors: Maurer Alexander , Schiesser Helen , Skawran Stephan , Gennari Antonio G. , Dittli Manuel , Burger Irene A. , Mader Cäcilia , Berger Christoph , Eberli Daniel , Huellner Martin W. , Messerli Michael
Published: January 2022

Objectives:

To assess the frequency and intensity of [18F]-prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA)-1007 axillary uptake in lymph nodes ipsilateral to COVID-19 vaccination with BNT162b2 (Pfizer-BioNTech) or mRNA-1273 (Moderna) in patients with prostate cancer referred for oncological [18F]-PSMA positron emission tomography (PET)/CT or PET/MR imaging.

Methods:

126 patients undergoing [18F]-PSMA PET/CT or PET/MR imaging were retrospectively included. [18F]-PSMA activity (maximum standardized uptake value) of ipsilateral axillary lymph nodes was measured and compared with the non-vaccinated contralateral side and with a non-vaccinated negative control group. [18F]-PSMA active lymph node metastases were measured to serve as quantitative reference.

Results:

There was a significant difference in maximum standardized uptake value in ipsilateral and compared to contralateral axillary lymph nodes in the vaccination group (n = 63, p < 0.001) and no such difference in the non-vaccinated control group (n = 63, p = 0.379). Vaccinated patients showed mildly increased axillary lymph node [18F]-PSMA uptake as compared to non-vaccinated patients (p = 0.03). [18F]-PSMA activity of of lymph node metastases was significantly higher (p < 0.001) compared to axillary lymph nodes of vaccinated patients.

Conclusion:

Our data suggest mildly increased [18F]-PSMA uptake after COVID-19 vaccination in ipsilateral axillary lymph nodes. However, given the significantly higher [18F]-PSMA uptake of prostatic lymph node metastases compared to “reactive” nodes after COVID-19 vaccination, no therapeutic and diagnostic dilemma is to be expected.

Advances in knowledge:

No specific preparations or precautions (e.g. adaption of vaccination scheduling) need to be undertaken in patients undergoing [18F]-PSMA PET imaging after COVID-19 vaccination.
Os impactos do COVID-19 no consumo de bens básicos e suas implicações na gestão da logística urbana
Authors: FIDELIZ YASMIN , VIEIRA JOSÉ GERALDO VIDAL , OLIVEIRA RENATA LÚCIA MAGALHÃES DE , MERGULHÃO RICARDO COSER , SILVA JOÃO EDUARDO A. R. DA
Published: January 2022

O objetivo desta pesquisa é caracterizar o comportamento do consumidor e a percepção do lojista quanto às compras de suprimentos básicos, antes e durante o COVID-19, assim como relacionar os comportamentos e percepções dos agentes com os desafios da logística urbana de abastecimento do mercado. Foram aplicados dois questionários em regiões classificadas como BOP (Base of Pyramid) e feitas análises descritivas e multivariadas por meio da análise de cluster. A pesquisa mostra que há um aumento na frequência de compra dos consumidores no período de pandemia, o que aumenta também a demanda dos lojistas e as necessidades logísticas das regiões, que apresentam-se debilitadas principalmente pela falta de vagas para carga e descarga e infraestrutura viária. Os resultados mostram que houve um aumento de compras por aplicativos de entrega durante a pandemia e que parece ser uma tendência, o que poderá exigir dessas regiões uma melhor infraestrutura viária para veículos de grande porte (usados por fornecedores) e veículos leves (usados por entregadores).
Revisitando o modelo de leilão lpvr pela abordagem de opções reais
Authors: BASTIAN-PINTO CARLOS , MARQUES NAIELLY
Published: January 2022

Os leilões cujos lances são baseados no menor valor presente de receita, conhecidos como leilões LPVR (Least Present Value of Revenue), foram inicialmente considerados como uma solução para a melhor divisão do risco entre a concessionária e reguladores nas concessões de rodovias pedagiadas. No entanto, a sua implementação tem sido pouco frequente, principalmente por causa da forte oposição das concessionárias que não veem uma compensação justa para a assimetria de risco de demanda. Revisamos e analisamos os leilões LPVR e outras abordagens semelhantes, como as concessões com prazo flexível (FTC – Flexible Term Concessions), e propomos um modelo de opções reais que leva em consideração as vantagens do LPVR, mas reduz a assimetria de risco através do tratamento das incertezas e flexibilidades de uma forma mais informativa e aplicável.
Case Report: Medicolegal evaluation in a case of fatal scald where a child fell into a cauldron in rural Nepal
Authors: Atreya Alok , Gyawali Lokaratna , Menezes Ritesh G , Ateriya Navneet , Shreshtha Jamuna , Ghimire Sristi
Published: January 2022

Thermal injuries in young children involving the buttocks, perineum, and lower limbs raise suspicion of child abuse. Determining the manner of death and ruling out homicide in a fatal case of scalding remains a challenge for forensic practitioners. One such issue is reported in the present case report, where a medicolegal evaluation of a fatal scald in a two-year-old girl child is discussed. Young children sustaining serious injuries from scalds is a grave social concern. Such young lives need to be protected from scald injuries whether accidental or purposeful. Differences in injury patterns on the basis of their distribution and their characteristics are important to determine manner of death in such cases.
Optimization of activities for the education of personnel of the internal affairs bodies of the Russian Federation on the basis of a personality-oriented approach
Authors: Kutyepova Marina
Published: January 2022

The article deals with optimization of activities for the education of personnel of the internal affairs bodies of the Russian Federation. In the internal affairs bodies of the Russian Federation, special attention is traditionally paid to the education of employees. At the same time, the process of education is distinguished by its special content, forms and methods, and its main meaning is to improve the performance of personnel in solving professional problems. The purpose of this work is to consider the features of the implementation of a personality-oriented approach in the process of educating employees of the RF Internal Affairs Department. Subject of the research: features of the application of an individual, personality-oriented approach in the education of employees of the RF Internal Affairs Directorate. The object of the research is the directions of optimization of activities for the education of the personnel of the internal affairs bodies. The article discusses the results of an expert survey of managers and employees of various levels of educational work units (Moscow region, Smolensk region, Lipetsk region, Republic of Sakha). 36 people were respondents.

It should be emphasized that a personality-oriented educational impact should have the ultimate goal of a comprehensive and holistic personal development of employees of internal affairs bodies, preparing them for better and more efficient performance of official and official duties.
E-learning as a modern format of educational activity
Authors: Tsarkova Eugenia , Antonovskiy Aleksandr
Published: January 2022

Based on the analysis of Russian literature, the article considers e-learning as a modern format of educational activity, as a modern pedagogical technology. The role of digital transformation of education is emphasized, which involves constant updating of the content of education and planned learning outcomes, methods, means and control of educational activities in a dynamically developing digital information and educational environment. The use of new types of educational activities based on the interpenetration of already traditional teaching models and modern digital technologies contributes to the quality training of students. Taking into account the prevailing factors, the most effective in this regard is the creation and use of educational e-courses, the active introduction of e-learning into the professional training of specialists. The implementation of educational activities based on e-learning is accompanied by a specially created information and educational environment, which takes over the provision of training through the use of information and communication technologies, network services for the development of educational programs. Electronic educational resources are presented in electronic form and include a certain structure, the main subject content and output data. Thanks to electronic resources, information interaction between participants in educational relations is ensured, the quality of formed competencies and the knowledge of information culture among students increases. The active introduction of e-learning requires not only the psychological and professional preparedness of all participants in the educational distance learning process, but also its theoretical development and methodological support. The development of e-learning stimulates the need for the formation of professional competencies among teachers for successful activities in the electronic information and educational environment. Electronic educational technologies make it possible to complement and expand existing forms of educational communication, and in this sense, the use of e-learning in education today is not only the use of information technologies and digital solutions in the interaction of the teacher and students, but also defines a new format of teaching.