bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Enhancing the Barrier Properties of Recycled Polymers by Incorporating Nano-Particles
Authors:   , Alshammari Dalal
Published: August 2024

The emergence of recyclable polymers holds the remarkable potential to preserve the natural ecosystem and resolve the end-of-life issue associated with plastic waste. Every year, tons of plastic arebeing generated by the industrial sector and a large proportion of it stems from packaging and protective industries which ultimately requires enhanced barrier properties. It is therefore highly desired to use recycled polymers and improve the barrier properties of recycled polymers. The addition of nano-fillers in the recycled polymers to produce polymer nanocomposites (PNCs) works as reinforcing agents to restore the properties of the polymers that emerged from the degradation of thermoplastic polymer chains, particularly after the recycling of polymers. In this context, reducing the permeability of water vapours in recycled polymers is of paramount importance in the packaging and protective industries. Diffusing species can be successfully prevented by increasing the tortuosity of the pathways for the permeants, which can be successfully achieved by the inclusion of impermeable nanofillers. Herein, the current study focuses on the inclusion of graphene nanofillers functionalized with Amine (NH2) and oxygen (O2) in recycled polymer matrices including Nylon 6 or polyamide (PA6), (PA66) and Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) to improve their water barrier properties. Functionalized graphene nanofillers have been chosen owing to their excellent dispersion, ability to increase bonding between the fillers and the matrix as well as increase the tortuosity of the diffusing species and ultimately enhance the barrier properties of the resultant PNCs. The PNCs were prepared using the twin-screw extrusion method and different concentrations of (NH2) and oxygen (O2) functionalized graphene have been added to prepare these composites. The PNCs were tested for their barrier and absorption properties. It is revealed that PET demonstrated to be an excellent composite which showed remarkable barrier properties as compared to PA6 and PA66 based composites. A typical Fickian absorption behaviour has been exhibited by these polymers while the absorption was observed to be directly correlated with the temperature, that is, absorption was significantly increased at elevated temperatures. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Fourier transformed infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy also confirmed the efficacy of PET over PA6 and PA66. Two sample thicknesses were tested for the permeability tests and the results revealed that saturation time for absorption is largely thickness dependent. While thicker samples take almost double the time asthe thinner sample to saturate. However, the difference becomes almost insignificant at higher temperatures and the saturation phenomenon becomes more the temperature is driven. The findings of the current study will definitely provide the base to further explore the potential of graphene-based nanofillers in different polymeric matrices.
Analisis Faktor Kualitas Pelayanan terhadap Kepuasan dan Loyalitas Peserta BPJS Kesehatan di Fasilitas Kesehatan Tingkat Pertama (FKTP) Swasta Kota Pekanbaru
Authors: Fitri Dilla Sari , Alwie Alvi Furwanti , Berampu Lailan Tawila
Published: August 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisa hubungan antara kualitas pelayanan di FKTP dengan tingkat kepuasan dan loyalitas peserta BPJS Kesehatan. Penelitian dilakukan dengan menyebarkan kuesioner di 13 FKTP yang memiliki jumlah peserta di atas 10.000 jiwa. Jumlah sampel yang diambil sebanyak 100 responden. Pengujian dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode SEM-PLS. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kualitas pelayanan di klinik-klinik tersebut berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap kepuasan dan loyalitas peserta BPJS Kesehatan. Selain itu, kepuasan peserta juga berperan sebagai mediator dalam hubungan antara kualitas pelayanan dan loyalitas. Penelitian ini memberikan implikasi praktis bagi BPJS Kesehatan dan pemilik FKTP untuk meningkatkan standar pelayanan kesehatan guna memperbaiki kepuasan dan loyalitas peserta BPJS Kesehatan.
Pengaruh E-Trust dan E-Service Quality terhadap E-Satisfaction dan E-Loyality Konsumen Gen Z pada E-Commerce Tokopedia
Authors: Putri Raisa Monica , Zulkarnain Zulkarnain , Samsir Samsir
Published: August 2024

Perkembangan teknologi di Indonesia telah terjadi peningkatan yang signifikan dalam akses internet, Teknologi dan kecanggihan internet saat ini benar-benar membantu manusia dalam memenuhi kebutuhannya. Sehingga, memicu Industri e-commerce tumbuh pesat di Indonesia, dengan sejumlah besar platform e-commerce yang mendominasi pasar, seperti Tokopedia, Shopee, dan Bukalapak. Pada Tahun 2021 Bank Indonesia mencatat ada 31 juta orang yang berbelanja online. Dengan tingginya minat berbelanja Konsumen Gen Z pada e-commerce Tokopedia, maka pebisnis e-commerce lainnya harus memperhatikan kualitas layanan pemasaran yang baik agar konsumen memiliki e-trust serta menjadi pelanggan yang loyal di e-commercenya.  Perumusan masalah dalam penelitian ini adalah sejauh mana pengaruh E-trust yang terdiri dari Ability, Benevolence, Integrity dan E-service quality yang terdiri dari Efficiency, Fulfillment, System Availability, Privacy terhadap kepuasan dan loyalitas konsumen Gen Z pada e-commerce Tokopedia di Indonesia. Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk mengetahui dan menganalisis konsumen Gen Z dan mengetahui variabel yang dominan mempengaruhi kepuasan dan loyalitas Konsumen Gen Z pada Tokopedia di Indonesia.
Teori yang digunakan adalah Manajemen Pemasaran mengenai Loyalitas Konsumen. Pendekatan dalam penelitian ini adalah e-questioner dan wawancara. Jenis penelitian ini adalah deskriptif kuantitatif, sifat penelitian adalah ingin memperoleh gambaran tentang suatu keadaan dan persoalan serta menginterpretasikan. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah pelanggan yang terdaftar di Tokopedia dan fokus pada transaksi fashion yang jumlahnya tidak diketahui, ukuran sampel penelitian ini sebanyak 312 responden. Pengujian hipotesis menggunakan analisis Structural Equation Modelling (SEM). Dalam penelitian ini terdapat delapan hipotesis yang telah diuji melalui analisis SEM dengan tingkat signifikansi 5% sehingga menghasilkan Critical Ratio (CR) 1,96.  Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kepercayaan elektronik dan kualitas layanan elektronik memiliki pengaruh langsung dan pengaruh tidak langsung. Untuk pengaruh langsung variabel yang memiliki pengaruh paling besar terhadap variabel kepuasan elektronik adalah kualitas layanan elektronik dengan kontribusi sebesar 53.6%, sedangkan variabel loyalitas yang mempunyai pengaruh langsung adalah variabel kepuasan elektronik dengan kontribusi 38.2%. Untuk pengaruh tidak langsung variabel yang memiliki pengaruh paling besar terhadap variabel loyalitas adalah kualitas layanan dengan kontribusi sebesar 20.4%. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa untuk membentuk loyalitas pelanggan hanya dapat dilakukan apabila konsumen Gen Z mendapat kepuasan terhadap kualitas layanan untuk bertransaksi pada e-commerce.
The Moderation Effect of Job Satisfaction on The Influence of Organizational Commitment and Competency on Lecturer Performance in Asahan District
Authors: Lubis Fajar Rezeki Ananda
Published: August 2024

The quality of education is significantly impacted when a professor needs to do better in carrying out his obligations. Reviewing whether organizational commitment and competence affect lecturer performance is therefore crucial. This study was carried out in the Asahan Regency at multiple universities. There were 230 participants in the study's sample. The study's findings demonstrate that organizational commitment significantly and favorably affects the performance of lecturers in higher education in the Asahan Regency. Their dedication and competence positively and significantly impact the performance of lecturers in higher education at Asahan Regency. Organizational commitment has a favorable and significant moderating effect on lecturer performance regarding job satisfaction. The influence of competency on lecturers is positively and strongly moderated by job satisfaction.
Analysis of the Efficiency of Russian and International Methodologies of Personal Protection Equipment Shielding Evaluation in Various Conditions of Exposure to Industrial Frequency Electric Fields
Authors:   Izmerov Research Institute of Occupational Health, Moscow, Russian Federation, Perov S.Yu. ,   Russian University of Transport (MIIT), Makarova-Zemlyanskaya E.N. ,   Russian University of Transport (MIIT), Narusova E.Yu. ,   Russian University of Transport (MIIT), Dremin A.I. ,   Izmerov Research Institute of Occupational Health
Published: August 2024

Electromagnetic fields are a natural physical factor of the environment; however, the development of technologies facilitates the increase of anthropogenic levels of impact on humans. In a production environment, the proximity of live parts of high- and extra-high-voltage electric installations to workplaces causes the generation of electric and magnetic fields that are considered harmful occupational factors. Personnel’s attendance in the areas where the excess of industrial frequency electric fields varies from 5 kV/m to 25 kV/m is regulated in the Russian Federation by restricting the work shift duration; however, such an approach to ensuring the occupational safety can be unprofitable and sometimes unfeasible, which requires the use of personal protection equipment. The shielding coefficient is the main parameter of personal protection equipment used against industrial frequency electric fields that indicates the degree of electric field intensity attenuation under the suit compared with external exposure. The main protective properties of shielding shunt sets have been evaluated based on using standard personal protection equipment EP-4 (0) in various configurations. Industrial frequency electric field strength values under the suit have been evaluated as well as the current flowing through the protective suit and an electrically conductive mannequin using an industrial frequency high-voltage test setup to imitate a workplace of electricians in homogenous and non-homogenous electric fields. The study dedicated to the evaluation of protective properties of personal protection equipment used against industrial frequency electric fields by Russian and international methodologies has confirmed the efficiency of various sets (coverall, jacket and half-overall, jacket and trousers) for various production conditions. The analysis has revealed a higher sensitivity of the Russian evaluation methodology for the worst-case conditions when a human attends a homogenous electric field and substantiated the potential use of the sets without using separate elements for different jobs, including the jobs under voltages up to 220 kV.
Comparative analysis of the practice of implementing decisions of the Constitutional Court of Ukraine and the European Court of Human Rights
Authors: Paskar A.L.
Published: August 2024

The study is aimed at a comparative analysis of the practice of implementing decisions of the Constitutional Court of Ukraine and the European Court of Human Rights, determining their legal nature, implementation mechanisms, and the development of recommendations for improving this process. The author analyzes the legal nature and implementation mechanisms of decisions of both courts, identifying common and distinctive features. Key aspects of the decisions of the Constitutional Court of Ukraine are revealed, which determine their binding nature and significance for shaping judicial practice and constitutional order, contributing to the improvement of mechanisms for protecting human rights and ensuring the stability and effectiveness of the legal system. The author identifies the direct effect of decisions of the Constitutional Court of Ukraine in accordance with the Constitution of Ukraine, which ensures their implementation without additional formalities. Emphasis is placed on the need to create appropriate mechanisms to ensure the implementation of judicial decisions and access to them for all interested parties. The article examines the positive obligation of the state to ensure the implementation of judicial decisions and the necessity of introducing effective mechanisms for this. The author argues that restricting access of individuals to the system of implementation of judicial decisions and imposing additional conditions or obstacles is unacceptable. It is noted that the implementation of decisions of the Constitutional Court of Ukraine is crucial for legal stability, protection of rights and freedoms of citizens, and trust in the judicial system. The essence and binding nature of decisions of the European Court of Human Rights for member countries are highlighted in accordance with the provisions of the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms. It is emphasized that the implementation of these decisions is not only an international legal obligation of the state but also a part of the national legal order, guaranteeing effective protection of the rights of citizens and maintaining trust in the judicial system. Mechanisms for monitoring the implementation of decisions of the Constitutional Court of Ukraine and the European Court of Human Rights are disclosed, which contribute to identifying shortcomings in legal practice and legislation. The author points out the need to create effective mechanisms to ensure the implementation of judicial decisions and access to them for all interested parties, which is an important aspect of ensuring the rule of law and legal stability in Ukraine.
Constitutional complaint and review of court decisions: practice of coexistence in ukrainian law enforceability
Authors: Firsov V.
Published: August 2024

The current comprehensive model of the institution of constitutional complaint in Ukraine does not correspond to scientific doctrines regarding the essence and nature of such an institution and requires reform. The article proposes ensuring a balance between the public and individual nature of decisions of the Constitutional Court of Ukraine. Recognizing the authority of the judiciary and the positions of the Supreme Court, the author proposes formulating and legislatively determining compromise filters for reviewing court decisions under exceptional circumstances. Specifically, it should be determined that court decisions can be reviewed in cases where a constitutional complaint has been filed after a final court decision, subject to review under exceptional circumstances, and the decision of the Constitutional Court of Ukraine following the consideration of such a complaint should have an individual character, establishing violations of the rights and interests of the specific applicant.
However, the proposed approach described by the author does not negate the fact that the exceptional and unique nature of the decisions of the Constitutional Court of Ukraine requires from national courts of common jurisdiction to take a more individualized approach to studying each decision of the Constitutional Court of Ukraine in each case and to provide more detailed justification for refusing to review court decisions under exceptional circumstances. Accordingly, the author considers it unacceptable to apply previously formed positions of the Supreme Court in previous cases to new requests for reviewing court decisions, considering the unique and specific conclusions of the Constitutional Court in each individual decision. In the article the author agrees with scientific positions that the exceptional character of decisions of the Constitutional Court of Ukraine prevails over the principle of legal certainty.
A separate issue described in the article is the need to ensure a defined and clear procedure for reviewing court decisions under exceptional circumstances in cases involving the imposition of administrative responsibility on individuals for committing administrative offenses. In such cases the author proposes to introduce a review procedure similar to that provided for in the Criminal Procedural Code of Ukraine. Thus, to ensure legal certainty, such a procedure must be clearly established in the provisions of the Code of Ukraine on Administrative Offenses.
Understanding abuse of rights in the legal positions of the Supreme Court’s Grand Chamber
Authors: Hurtova К.
Published: August 2024

The article examines the main general theoretical constructions regarding the understanding of «abuse of procedural rights.» It is emphasized that the abuse of procedural rights is closely related to abuses of substantive rights, which is manifested in adherence to the general principles of administrative, economic, and civil legislation. It is argued that the mechanism of abuse of procedural rights boils down to the fact that a person seeking to achieve certain legal consequences carries out procedural actions (or inactions) outwardly «similar» to legal facts with which the law associates the occurrence of certain consequences (for example, submitting applications, complaints, motions, but with «deficiencies»). The judicial decisions of the Grand Chamber of the Supreme Court, which reveal the essence and understanding of the concept of «abuse of procedural rights,» are analyzed. It is concluded that the Grand Chamber of the Supreme Court does not provide a definition or clarification of the concepts of «abuse of right» and «abuse of procedural rights.» However, the term «abuse of the right to lodge a complaint» is encountered in the decisions, which means dishonest use of procedural rights by participants in the judicial process, disrespect for honor and dignity, equality of all participants in the judicial process before the law and the court, leading to unjustified delays, violations of reasonable deadlines during the consideration of cases, and basic principles (principles) of civil procedure. A list of actions that, depending on the specific circumstances of the case, the Grand Chamber of the Supreme Court has recognized as abuse of procedural rights is determined. Among the types of abuse of procedural rights by decisions of the Grand Chamber of the Supreme Court, unsubstantiated challenges of judges; obscene language, insulting and abusive words, symbols (to provide personal characteristics to participants in the judicial process and the court) in procedural documents, speeches by participants in the judicial process; non-appearance of participants in the judicial process at a court hearing.
Legal protection of foreign investments in the conditions of introduced sanctions against aggressor countries and countries sponsoring terrorism
Authors: Kyrychenko V.O.
Published: August 2024

The article examines the issue of attracting foreign investment to Ukraine during the war, investigates and analyzes the process of attracting foreign investment. A number of negative factors that affected the process of attracting investments in the development of the economy, in particular, the development of the country and its economy under martial law, military aggression by Russia, which negatively affects potential investors, are singled out. Lack of protection and institutions guaranteeing foreign investments at the national level. Factors that create a positive image of the country and favorable conditions for attracting foreign investments are considered and analyzed.
Based on the results of the analysis of official data of the State Statistics Service of Ukraine, the article provides statistical data reflecting the dynamics of investment inflows from various countries of the world into the economy of Ukraine. On the basis of the analysis of current legal acts, the competence of state authorities empowered in the field of investment management is determined, and each body separately. The conducted analysis made it possible to identify a significant shortcoming of the current legislation of Ukraine, which is manifested in the absence of a separate body of state power, empowered to manage investment activities in the form of granting permits for attracting foreign investments to objects of strategic importance for the economy, and objects objects of critical infrastructure, as well as the absence of a mechanism for supervision and control over the effective use of investment funds. The legislation of the leading countries of the world defines the procedure for rejecting foreign investments and the powers of state authorities, when the investment or actions of the investor may pose a threat to the national security of the state.
The phenomenon of trust in the contractual regulation of corporate relations
Authors: Doroshenko L.M.
Published: August 2024

The article is devoted to the study of such a unique phenomenon in corporate relations as trust. The author argues that the primary task in business relations is the intention of the parties to make the relationship trust-based through an agreement, to consolidate efforts, and to model jointly the relations with other shareholders (participants) of a corporation who are not parties to such an agreement, and with the company itself, that corresponds to the essence of corporate entrepreneurship. The article examines the approaches to the definition of fiduciary duty in the practice of courts in common law countries. The author focuses on the fact that in the countries of the Anglo-Saxon legal family of common law, both the legislator and the court as a law enforcement body systematically and consistently adhere to the position of not defining or even singling out qualifying features and describing fiduciary relations. The author substantiates that the recent attempt of the national legislator to enshrine the concept of fiduciary duty in the legislation on improvement of corporate governance through the same evaluation categories (good, fair and effective governance) does not contribute to legal certainty, but will have the opposite effect - it will give rise to corporate disputes and lack of uniformity in practice when resolving them by a court. It is argued that a corporate agreement forms the solidarity nature of relations between the parties to such an agreement. The author examines the understanding of the category of «trust» in economic science, its vision by leading foreign and domestic economists as a factor influencing investment inflows, efficiency of a business entity and the country’s economy as a whole. The article gives reasons why it is inexpedient to understand, in particular, a limited liability company exclusively as a capital association. The author analyses trends in the business environment regarding the role of trust in business development and crisis management. Based on the study, it has been concluded that a corporation is interested in ensuring the stability of its shareholders, preserving personal trust (fiduciary) relations between the shareholders, and the regulation of relations between them may be determined, among other things, by a corporate agreement. It is concluded that trust is a constitutive element of a corporate agreement which forms the solidarity character of relations between its parties.
Establishment of joint stock companies: problems and ways to solve them
Authors: Skibiak O.
Published: August 2024

Establishing a joint-stock company in Ukraine has always been a difficult task for lawyers and a headache for business owners. In particular, this is due to excessive bureaucracy and formalism in the registration of joint stock companies, which includes an unreasonably large number of stages of joint stock company registration, a complicated issue and sale of shares of a joint stock company, as well as the termination of the relevant legal entity.
Despite the fact that the new version of the Law of Ukraine «On Joint Stock Companies» came into force on January 1, 2023, the procedure for registering a joint stock company itself remained as formalized and bureaucratic as ever. This, in turn, leads to the fact that foreign investors and startups that want to start operating in Ukraine refuse our jurisdiction. The reasons for this are simple: limited liability companies are not suitable for attracting investment in a company by including an investor as a shareholder, as they create a risk of dilution of the founders’ shares, and after the same founders receive information about the procedure and requirements for registering a joint­stock company, including the minimum amount of authorized capital, they cross Ukraine off the list of potential jurisdictions for their business. Thus, Ukraine is not realizing its full potential for attracting foreign investment due to excessive formalism and bureaucracy in the regulation of joint stock companies.
A study of the shortcomings in the procedure for registering joint stock companies in Ukraine, its comparison with the procedure for registering similar legal forms of legal entities in foreign jurisdictions and, as a result, the development of clear steps to simplify it, is seen as necessary for Ukraine, including for proper integration into the European Union. Moreover, they will be the first steps to create a favorable environment in the domestic legislation for attracting foreign investment to Ukraine, which will increase the number of foreign startups and corporations that are used to operating in the legal form of joint stock companies with a clear corporate ownership structure.
Military serviceman’s family members as a subject of the right to social protection: some practical problems of legislative regulation
Authors: Pylypenko P. , Hirnyk O.
Published: August 2024

The article clarifies some disadvantages of the legislative definition of the concept of «family members» of military personnel or persons equated to them as subjects of the right to social protection. The norms of the Law of Ukraine «On social and legal protection of military personnel and members of their families» on these issues have been critically analysed. Based on the study of judicial practice on the issue of deprivation or limitation of the right to social protection of family members as recipients of the appropriate type of support, a conclusion was made about the need to make changes to the social legislation. It is proposed to specify the rules of Art. 3 of the Law of Ukraine «On Social and Legal Protection of Servicemen and Members of Their Families» regarding the grounds and their interrelation with the emergence or limitation of the right of family members of a serviceman to social protection, as well as confirmation and fixation procedures. The heterogeneity of legal grounds for the emergence of legal personality of family members of military personnel in the area of social protection has been emphasized, which does not contribute to the unity of law enforcement practice. Issues related to the establishment of legal facts of belonging to family members of military personnel have been clarified. It has been proven that the inconsistent usage of the term «family member of a military serviceman» within the framework of one regulatory act and the uncertainty of the meaning of this concept create grounds for discrimination of individuals regarding the establishment of the legal status of «family member of a military serviceman» and social injustice in this area of legal relations. The significance of the legal fact of dependency for determining the status of a person as a member of a military serviceman’s family has been clarified. Examples of inconsistency of the provisions of subordinate legal acts with the norms of laws are given. It is summarized that the definition of the subjects of the right to social protection, particularly family members as recipients of social security, as well as the preconditions of their legal personality, taking into account the principles of para. 1, 6 Art. 92 of the Constitution of Ukraine, shall be only in laws as regulatory acts of higher legal force.
Legal principles of agricultural land use in Ukraine and Canada: comparative legal aspect
Authors: Malokhlib O.S.
Published: August 2024

The article provides a comparative analysis of the legal basis for the use of agricultural land in Ukraine and Canada. It has been established that the current state of land resources in the majority of Ukraine can be characterized as a crisis, with a tendency towards deterioration, which significantly complicates the socio-economic development of Ukraine. The main reasons for this situation are, first of all, the irrational use of the state’s land resource potential, the deterioration of the quality of the land, the irregularity of the change in the nature of the functioning of the land as a means of production in market conditions, and other negative factors. However, agricultural land, which occupies a special place in the structure of the land fund of Ukraine, needs even greater legal protection. Irrational use of agricultural land is one of the potential threats to Ukraine’s food security. In this regard, there is an urgent need to define an effective management mechanism in the field of land use, including agricultural use. In this context, the issue of land turnover is important in connection with the adoption in March 2020 of the Law of Ukraine «On Amendments to Certain Legislative Acts of Ukraine Regarding the Movement of Agricultural Land».
In order to build an effective and competitive land market, it is necessary to have a strong legal basis, and for this it is advisable to turn to foreign experience in this area, especially to the experience of countries with the best functioning land market, such as Canada. The Canadian experience shows the importance of detailed regulation of land use at all levels of government and the need for a coordinated approach to ensure the proper use of agricultural land. The Canadian Constitution gives the provinces the exclusive right to decide virtually all land matters, including those related to the use of agricultural land. The presence of a market for agricultural land in Canada promotes the attraction of additional capital in the form of internal and external investments in the agricultural sector, which in turn stimulates its sustainable development. Ukraine can take this experience into account in the process of improving its land policy and ensuring the sustainable development of agriculture.
Norms of administrative and procedural law (to the discussion of their structure and constituent elements)
Authors: Biliy I.M.
Published: August 2024

The article analyzes scientific approaches to determining the structure of administrative- procedural norms and formulates the author’s approach to solving the specified scientific task. The specificity of the structure of the norms of procedural law in comparison with substantive norms is noted.
It is emphasized that the hypothesis is an element of the structure of the administrative- procedural norm, which contains an indication of legal facts, the occurrence of which is associated with the «start» of the action of the disposition. It is also emphasized that the absence of a hypothesis as a structural element of the administrative- procedural legal norm makes its effectiveness impossible, or even its implementation at all.
It is argued that the disposition of the administrative-procedural norm is a set of rights and legal obligations, a rule of conduct, according to which the participants of administrative- procedural relations act in the presence of the hypothesized circumstances. The disposition may contain options for choosing behavior for the participant in the proceedings, providing him with an alternative in his legal behavior during the consideration of the case and decision-making. In other words, the disposition fully reveals the potential of the dispositive method of legal regulation of the relevant legal relations.
It is noted that among the elements, along with hypothesis and disposition, it is expedient to outline incentive as an element of the norms of administrative and procedural law, which establishes positive (incentives, guarantees) or negative (procedural coercion, restrictions, including warnings; removal from the courtroom; temporary removal evidence for examination by the court; pretext; fine; refusal of a procedural act, which was adopted by this procedural norm; recognition of evidence as improper, which was obtained in violation of the law; leaving the statement of claim without consideration or movement, etc.) legal consequences of implementation/non-implementation of its prescriptions.
Prospects for the use of modern interactive technologies in the process of training police officers for activities under martial law
Authors: Boiko O.І. , Melnyk A.M.
Published: August 2024

The article analyses the possibilities of using modern technologies in the tactical and specialised training of police officers under martial law. Martial law creates emergency situations when police officers have to work in conditions of increased danger and instability. In such circumstances, the use of modern technologies in tactical and specialised training of police officers becomes extremely important in order to ensure their safety, efficiency and success in performing their tasks.
The article outlines the benefits of using technologies such as virtual reality, augmented reality, unmanned aerial vehicles, robotic systems and artificial intelligence. Thus, the main areas of application of modern technologies in the tactical and special training of police officers are: the use of virtual reality and augmented reality to develop practical skills, in particular for training in combat operations, which ensures more effective training of police officers; the use of unmanned aerial vehicles to monitor and obtain information about the situation on the ground without risking the lives of police officers; the use of robotic systems to perform dangerous or difficult tasks, in particular tasks of search and rescue; the use of virtual reality and augmented reality to develop practical skills, in particular for training in combat operations, which ensures more effective training of police officers; the use of virtual reality and augmented reality to develop practical skills, in particular for training in combat operations, which ensures more effective training of police officers.
It is noted that the use of modern technologies can increase the effectiveness of police training, reduce the risk to their lives and improve the safety of citizens.
The author concludes that the use of modern technologies is an integral part of the tactical and specialised training of police officers under martial law. Technology helps police officers to effectively counter threats, provide security and be successful in their work. The development and improvement of these technologies is an important area for improving the effectiveness of police work under martial law.
The introduction of modern technologies in tactical and specialised training of police officers is an important task that will increase the effectiveness of police activities under martial law.
Grounds and procedure for the introducing the legal regime of martial law
Authors: Voloshyn R.V. , Prokhorenko M.M.
Published: August 2024

The article analyses the conditions and grounds for the introduction of the legal regime of martial law. In today’s world, where geopolitical conflicts and threats to national security are becoming increasingly relevant, the establishment and functioning of the martial law regime is one of the most important aspects of ensuring stability and security in society. Military conflicts and terrorist threats taking place in the world demonstrate the need for adequate legal mechanisms to respond to extreme situations to protect national interests. The analysis of the conditions and grounds for the introduction of martial law measures is of great importance for understanding the process of introducing this regime, as well as for determining its relevance and effectiveness.
The study notes that the legal regime of martial law occupies a special place in the system of emergency legal regimes, which has its own regulatory features for the effective organization of the work of state bodies in the context of armed aggression and military threats.
The authors examine the concept of the legal regime of martial law enshrined in legislation through the prism of Article 15 ECHR and come to the conclusion that this legal regime is aimed at ensuring exclusively the interests of the State, which follows from the list of objects of its protection, namely: «national security», «state independence of Ukraine», «territorial integrity». The reasons for the introduction of martial law thus lack the humanitarian component inherent in other emergency regimes.
The authors emphasize that «protection of national security» is becoming extremely important for Ukraine, especially in the context of the prolonged war that began in 2014. At the same time, an unreasonable interpretation of this concept may cause harm to an individual, society and the state. This necessitates the establishment of clear procedural safeguards preventing the unjustified imposition of martial law, the absence of which may lead to abuse of power by public authorities and restriction of human rights and freedoms.
The article identifies the grounds for introducing this regime and also substantiates the expediency of introducing the legal regime of martial law in specific situations. In the course of the scientific study of this issue, the authors provide proposals for further improvement of national legislation and practical application of the grounds and conditions for the introduction of the martial law regime.
Methodological approaches to the optimization of administrative services in Ukraine
Authors: Yesimov S.S.
Published: August 2024

Methodological approaches to the optimization of administrative services in Ukraine are considered in the article based on a comprehensive analysis. The topicality of the topic is due to the implementation of the concept of a service legal state, where the effective organization of the provision of administrative services is one of the fundamental problems of the functioning of society and the state. The object of the research is the system of providing administrative services. The subject of the study is the methodological provisions on the formation and development of the organization of administrative services. The multifaceted nature of the problem necessitated the complex use of a systemic approach to the subject area being studied. General scientific and specific methods of cognition were used - analysis and synthesis, induction and deduction, comparative analysis, generalization, systematization, historical-logical method and others. Administrative services are defined as goods, the provision of which is initiated by the interaction of the state with civil society and business and delegated to the state. A means of systematization of the organization and provision of services was classification. The result of the systematization of administrative services is the construction of a classification system of services as a socio-economic phenomenon, i.e. bringing the totality of administrative services to a certain hierarchical unity for functional purposes. According to this version of the definition, the key properties when identifying administrative services as public are: connection with the performance of state functions; direct inter­sectoral interaction. The research methodology for optimization of administrative services is based on a subject-oriented approach. The basis of the normative component of the methodology of the organization of service provision is the subjectivity factor, which is determined by criteria. The first criterion involves successive overcoming of the subject-object orientation to the subject-poly subject orientation. The second criterion involves changing the dominant internal orientation to external. The third criterion is characterized by the need for personalization and individualization of interaction. The fourth criterion is based on the dominant development of all subjects of service activity.
System of measures for administrative liability for violations in the field of intellectual property: today and prospects for development
Authors: Zalipaiev Y.
Published: August 2024

One of the main directions of reforming Ukrainian administrative law is the modernization of the institute of administrative liability. Special attention is paid to improving mechanisms of responsibility for copyright and related rights infringements. In today’s information society, the issue of intellectual property protection is becoming increasingly relevant due to the growing number of infringements of intellectual property rights. This article examines the system of measures of administrative liability applied to counteract violations in the field of intellectual property, its current state, and development prospects. The article explores the legal and organizational aspects of the system of administrative responsibility for violations of intellectual property rights. It analyzes the effectiveness of existing measures and their adequacy to contemporary challenges such as rapid changes in the technological environment and economic globalization. The article also analyzes current trends in the field of intellectual property, including the increase in cases of infringements of intellectual property rights due to rapid technological advancement and the spread of digital culture. Additionally, it investigates the impact of globalization on intellectual property rights violations and the effectiveness of measures of administrative responsibility in the context of international cooperation. The article also highlights the importance of cooperation between legal entities and government authorities for effective protection of intellectual property rights and prevention of their violation. The research also covers an analysis of the problems faced by administrative responsibility systems and identifies factors that may complicate the effective implementation of these systems and ways to address them. Based on the obtained data and analysis, the article provides conclusions regarding the need for further improvement of the system of measures of administrative responsibility for violations in the field of intellectual property. Specific measures are proposed to improve legislation, enhance control efficiency, and ensure effective protection of intellectual property rights owners. This article may be useful for researchers, lawyers, human rights activists, and government agencies interested in issues of intellectual property protection and the development of the relevant legal framework.
Firearms training and development of professional qualities in future officers: interconnection and interdependence
Authors: Natochi A. , Bolharenko V.
Published: August 2024

Fire training is an important element in the formation of professional qualities of future officers. The relationship and interdependence between fire training and professional development is that each aspect reinforces and enhances the other. Fire training provides future officers with the skills and knowledge necessary to effectively perform their duties. At the same time, the professional qualities they develop help them better learn these skills and knowledge and apply them in different situations. Thus, fire training and the formation of professional qualities are interrelated and interdependent components of the training of future officers. This study aims to explore this relationship and interdependence, as well as to develop methods and strategies to optimize them in the process of training future officers. Professional firearms training enhances the competence of law enforcement officers in the areas of safety, shooting and combat. It contributes to the development of important organisational skills, such as teamwork, coordination, and decision-making under stress and danger. Studies show that firearms training has a positive impact on the development of the willpower of law enforcement officers. Shooting and training in close-to-real conditions help build strong character, self-discipline and endurance. In particular, it considers different approaches to fire training, their effectiveness,and theird influence on the formation of professional qualities. As a result of this research, it is expected that new methods and recommendations will be developed that will help increase the effectiveness of fire training and the formation of professional qualities in future officers. This, in turn, will help increase the overall effectiveness of military training and improve the readiness of future officers to perform their duties.
Regulatory act of the state administration as the subject of a public legal dispute (publication and state registration)
Authors: Roy O.
Published: August 2024

Normative legal acts make up a system that regulates social relations in each field. Ukraine, in the process of becoming a democratic, legal state with comfortable living conditions for its citizens, must ensure a high level of content, and procedures for the adoption, implementation, and application of legal acts. On the other hand, frequent amendments to the legislative framework or gaps in legal regulation do not contribute to improving the functioning of the legal system.
Namely, administrative courts are called upon to resolve disputes in the field of public-legal relations, including appeals against normative legal acts of state administrations.
The article states that the subjects of law­making are, including, local state administrations by the provisions of Art. 41 of the Law of Ukraine «On Local State Administrations».
The state of the administration of justice by administrative courts in 2022 and 2023 was studied, and it was recommended that judicial statistics bodies separate data on appeals of normative legal acts when forming reports on the implementation of judicial proceedings.
An example of incorrect application of substantive law norms and violation of procedural law norms by the courts when considering the issue of opening proceedings in cases regarding the appeal of normative legal acts was considered.
The analysis of such legislative framework as the Laws of Ukraine «On information», «On law-making activities», «On the procedure for covering the activities of state authorities and local self-government bodies in Ukraine using mass information», «On media» and others on the publication of normative and legal acts and their entry into force, which are mandatory for subjects of power.
It is indicated that the numerous reforms of justice bodies, and the creation of a system of interregional justice bodies create conflicts with the provisions of the Presidential Decree No 493/92 of October 3, 1992.
Based on the studied judicial practice, attention was drawn to the contradictions of the practice of higher courts in this matter.
In addition, it pointed out the problems related to the suspension of legislative norms regarding the publication of projects and decisions of local self-government bodies, military-civilian administrations, and military administrations, as well as their officials, which was caused by the introduction of martial law.