bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Physical Analysis of the Initial Core and Running-In Phase for Pebble-Bed Reactor HTR-PM
Authors: Zhang Jingyu , Li Fu , Sun Yuliang
Published: April 2017

The pebble-bed reactor HTR-PM is being built in China and is planned to be critical in one or two years. At present, one emphasis of engineering design is to determine the fuel management scheme of the initial core and running-in phase. There are many possible schemes, and many factors need to be considered in the process of scheme evaluation and analysis. Based on the experience from the constructed or designed pebble-bed reactors, the fuel enrichment and the ratio of fuel spheres to graphite spheres are important. In this paper, some relevant physical considerations of the initial core and running-in phase of HTR-PM are given. Then a typical scheme of the initial core and running-in phase is proposed and simulated with VSOP code, and some key physical parameters, such as the maximum power per fuel sphere, the maximum fuel temperature, the refueling rate, and the discharge burnup, are calculated. Results of the physical parameters all satisfy the relevant design requirements, which means the proposed scheme is safe and reliable and can provide support for the fuel management of HTR-PM in the future.
Effect of Surfactants on Gas Holdup in Shear-Thinning Fluids
Authors: Li Shaobai , Huang Siyuan , Fan Jungeng
Published: April 2017

In this study, the gas holdup of bubble swarms in shear-thinning fluids was experimentally studied at superficial gas velocities ranging from 0.001 to 0.02 m·s−1. Carboxylmethyl cellulose (CMC) solutions of 0.2 wt%, 0.6 wt%, and 1.0 wt% with sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) as the surfactant were used as the power-law (liquid phase), and nitrogen was used as the gas phase. Effects of SDS concentration, rheological behavior, and physical properties of the liquid phase and superficial gas velocity on gas holdup were investigated. Results indicated that gas holdup increases with increasing superficial gas velocity and decreasing CMC concentration. Moreover, the addition of SDS in CMC solutions increased gas holdup, and the degree increased with the surfactant concentration. An empirical correlation was proposed for evaluating gas holdup as a function of liquid surface tension, density, effective viscosity, rheological property, superficial gas velocity, and geometric characteristics of bubble columns using the experimental data obtained for the different superficial gas velocities and CMC solution concentrations with different surfactant solutions. These proposed correlations reasonably fitted the experimental data obtained for gas holdup in this system.
An Analysis of Discrete Stage-Structured Prey and Prey-Predator Population Models
Authors: Wikan Arild
Published: April 2017

Discrete stage-structured prey and prey-predator models are considered. Regarding the former, we prove that the models at hand are permanent (i.e., the population will neither go extinct nor exhibit explosive oscillations) and, moreover, that the transfer from stability to nonstationary behaviour always goes through a supercritical Neimark−Sacker bifurcation. The prey model covers species that possess a wide range of different life histories. Predation pressure may both stabilize and destabilize the prey dynamics but the strength of impact is closely related to life history. Indeed, if the prey possesses a precocious semelparous life history and exhibits chaotic oscillations, it is shown that increased predation may stabilize the dynamics and also, in case of large predation pressure, transfer the population to another chaotic regime.
Characteristics of Carbon Nanotubes/Graphene Coatings on Stainless Steel Meshes Used as Electrodes for Air-Cathode Microbial Fuel Cells
Authors: Hsu Wei-Hsuan , Tsai Hung-Yin , Huang Ying-Chen
Published: April 2017

Microbial fuel cells (MFCs) generate low-pollution power by feeding organic matter to bacteria; MFC applications have become crucial for energy recovery and environmental protection. The electrode materials of any MFC affect its power generation capacity. In this research, nine single-chamber MFCs with various electrode configurations were investigated and compared with each other. A fabrication process for carbon-based electrode coatings was proposed, and Escherichia coli HB101 was used in the studied MFC system. The results show that applying a coat of either graphene or carbon nanotubes (CNTs) to a stainless steel mesh electrode can improve the power density and reduce the internal resistance of an MFC system. Using the proposed surface modification method, CNTs and graphene used for anodic and cathodic modification can increase power generation by approximately 3–7 and 1.5–4.5 times, respectively. Remarkably, compared to a standard MFC with an untreated anode, the internal resistances of MFCs with CNTs- and graphene-modified anodes were reduced to 18 and 30% of standard internal resistance. Measurements of the nine systems we studied clearly presented the performance levels of CNTs and graphene applied as surface modification of stainless steel mesh electrodes.
Retrieval of Embolized Amplatzer Patent Foramen Ovale Occlusion Device: Issues Related to Late Recognition
Authors: Davies Allan J. , Collins Nicholas , Organ Nicole
Published: April 2017

Embolization of a percutaneous patent foramen ovale (PFO) closure device is a rare but serious complication. While early, periprocedural device embolization can normally be managed with snare and percutaneous retrieval, late embolization requires a different management strategy due to inability of the device to deform to allow passage into a large caliber sheath. We present a case of asymptomatic device embolization recognized six months following implantation and discuss the challenges encountered in successfully retrieving the device.
Introducción: Legitimidad y competencia de la industria de AFP
Authors: Fajnzylber Eduardo
Published: April 2017

Aunque el análisis de los efectos de bienestar y eficiencia económica de la entrada de AFPs sin fines de lucro es claro y preciso, no debe menospreciarse el efecto legitimador que tendría el hecho de que los afiliados a un sistema obligatorio pudieran optar por entidades sin fines de lucro para la administración de sus fondos para el retiro. La legitimidad no es sólo una cuestión política, sino que afecta también las decisiones de participación y ahorro de los trabajadores.La creciente presión social y política pone urgencia a la necesidad de reformas al sistema previsional. Sin embargo, la importancia del tema y sus implicancias en el largo plazo merecen el beneficio de una discusión académica, pausada, como la presentada por los cuatro autores de esta revista.
Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy as Adjuvant Treatment for Idiopathic Sudden Sensorineural Hearing Loss after Failure of Systemic Steroids
Authors: Hosokawa Seiji , Sugiyama Ken-ichi , Takahashi Goro , Hashimoto Yu-ichi , Hosokawa Kumiko , Takebayashi Satoru , Mineta Hiroyuki
Published: April 2017

We evaluated the outcomes of and prognostic factors for idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss (ISSNHL) treated with adjuvant hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT). A retrospective review of clinical data was performed for 167 patients with ISSNHL who failed to respond to systemic steroids and were treated by adjuvant HBOT at Shizuoka Saiseikai General Hospital. We analysed the clinical outcomes, the averaged 5-frequency hearing level after systemic steroids, patient age, the interval between post-steroids and pre-HBOT, vertigo as a complication, the presence of diabetes mellitus, smoking history, and hypertension. Overall, after HBOT, complete recovery occurred in 16 (9.6%) of the patients, with definite improvement in 16 (9.6%) and slight improvement in 45 (26.9%). The overall rate of hearing improvement was higher in the study group (77/167 cases, 46.1%) than in the control group (52/160 cases, 32.5%; p = 0.021). If performed appropriately, HBOT should be able to improve hearing in many cases unresponsive to initial therapy.
Reimaginando a dinâmica capitalista: expectativas ficcionais e o caráter aberto dos futuros econômicos
Authors: Beckert Jens
Published: April 2017

Este artigo procura contribuir com a explicação sobre o incansável dinamismo do capitalismo que temos observado desde a Revolução Industrial. Ao tomar decisões, atores criam expectativas sobre seus resultados. Como o futuro é aberto, atores têm de confrontar a incerteza sobre o resultado de suas ações. Quais são as expectativas possíveis em condições de incerteza? Para responder a essa pergunta, o artigo introduz a noção de expectativas ficcionais, que podem ser utilizadas para descrever decisões realizadas sob condições de um futuro aberto e incerto. O artigo aplica o conceito de expectativas ficcionais para a análise de quatro processos cruciais do capitalismo: dinheiro e crédito, investimentos, inovação e consumo. O principal impulso do artigo é argumentar que, para compreender a ação econômica no capitalismo e o sentido que atores atribuem a suas decisões, é necessário centrar a atenção nas percepções dos atores a respeito do futuro.
Creative planning and social sustainability
Authors: Teles Tatiane Oliveira
Published: April 2017

This text presents the paradigmatic case called Cantinho do Céu, in Sao Paulo, Brazil, as an illustration of how extrapolating the concepts of "Creative Planning" and the "social" pillar of sustainability further than the shallow usual capitalistic practices can lead to sustainable development change. The project, which started in 2008, deals with a precarious settlement illegally seated in an environmental protection area, result of the unplanned and disorganized urban sprawl of the city. The study explains how the overcoming of orthodox and restrictive processes of planning practices was possible through interdisciplinary knowledge, collective actions, proactive approach and creative planning, which helped to recognize the existence of a consolidated settlement as a potential tissue to build up a place where social, environmental and economic pillars work together. The debates and negotiations between top and bottom players were essential to materialize the social-ecological coexistence, enhancing social interaction and the care of the community about the environment, recovering its inter and intra generational attributes and seeking to integrate the informal settlement into the formal city.
O uso das unidades de paisagem como ferramenta metodológica para análise do sistema de espaços livres
Authors: Amorim Nayara Cristina Rosa , Cocozza Glauco de Paula
Published: April 2017

Este trabalho apresenta um estudo sobre a forma urbana, a paisagem e os espaços livres de Patos de Minas, uma cidade média do estado de Minas Gerais, Brasil. Buscando compreender a configuração do Sistema de Espaços Livres por meio da aplicação da metodologia das Unidades de Paisagem, que neste trabalho são utilizadas como ferramentas de identificação e análise das diferentes porções territoriais formadas pela predominância de características morfológicas, de paisagem e de interação entre os espaços livres e edificados, objetivando ressaltar as potencialidades e fragilidades de cada unidade que podem ser aplicadas ao planejamento urbano e ambiental. Essa abordagem permite elaborar uma visão sistêmica da estrutura urbana, na qual se observa não apenas os conjuntos de espaços livres, mas também suas interações e articulações com o edificado, com a sociedade, com o suporte físico e com a forma urbana.
Brasília em A Idade da Terra: apontamentos para uma análise figural
Authors: Tschiptschin Ilana Schlaich
Published: April 2017

Este artigo pretende apontar elementos para a leitura e interpretação de três sequências do filme A Idade da Terra, de Glauber Rocha, a partir do método de análise figural, tal como desenvolvido por Philippe Dubois. As sequências selecionadas são aquelas que têm a cidade de Brasília como locação no filme. Analisaremos a presença da cidade no discurso fílmico enquanto construção de um mito da modernidade e a interação dos personagens com o espaço circundante. Este ensaio abre caminho para a leitura de outras sequências do mesmo filme e a comparação entre os eventos de imagem de A Idade da Terra e outros filmes do diretor.
Syncope and Its Impact on Occupational Accidents and Employment
Authors: Numé Anna-Karin , Kragholm Kristian , Carlson Nicolas , Kristensen Søren L. , Bøggild Henrik , Hlatky Mark A. , Torp-Pedersen Christian , Gislason Gunnar , Ruwald Martin H.
Published: April 2017

Background—

First-time syncopal episodes usually occur in adults of working age, but their impact on occupational safety and employment remains unknown. We examined the associations of syncope with occupational accidents and termination of employment.

Methods and Results—

Through linkage of Danish population-based registers, we included all residents 18 to 64 years from 2008 to 2012. Among 3 410 148 eligible individuals, 21 729 with a first-time diagnosis of syncope were identified, with a median age 48.4 years (first to third quartiles, 33.0–59.5), and 10 757 (49.5%) employed at time of the syncope event. Over a median follow-up of 3.2 years (first to third quartiles, 2.0–4.5), 622 people with syncope had an occupational accident requiring hospitalization (2.1/100 person-years). In multiple Poisson regression analysis, the incidence rate ratio in the employed syncope population was higher than in the employed general population (1.44; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.33–1.55) and more pronounced in people with recurrences (2.02; 95% CI, 1.47–2.78). The 2-year risk of termination of employment was 31.3% (95% CI, 30.4%–32.3%), which was twice the risk of the reference population (15.2%; 95% CI, 14.7%–15.7%), using the Aalen–Johansen estimator. Factors associated with termination of employment were age <40 years (incidence rate ratio, 1.48; 95% CI, 1.37–1.59), cardiovascular disease (1.20; 95% CI, 1.06–1.36), depression (1.72; 95% CI, 1.55–1.90), and low educational level (2.61; 95% CI, 2.34–2.91).

Conclusions—

In this nationwide cohort, syncope was associated with a 1.4-fold higher risk of occupational accidents and a 2-fold higher risk of termination of employment compared with the employed general population.
Common Diaper Ingredient Questions: Modern Disposable Diaper Materials Are Safe and Extensively Tested
Authors: Counts Jennifer , Weisbrod Annie , Yin Shan
Published: April 2017

Today’s disposable diapers are high-performance and well-tested products, designed to keep skin dry and healthy. They are primarily made of biologically inert polymers, commonly used in fabrics and other materials that are in contact with skin, and in foods and cosmetics. Still, product safety and ingredients in everyday products can be a source of anxiety for new parents. This article provides the facts behind some commonly asked questions from consumers about diaper ingredients and safety, including myths and facts related to chlorine, latex, dyes, and chemical additives.
Development and Evaluation of the Gender Expression Attitudes Towards Transgender Clients Scale
Authors: Santos Carlos E. , Goldstein Alissa L. , Tracey Terence J. G.
Published: April 2017

Effective counselors recognize the diversity that exists in gender expression among transgender and gender nonconforming clients. To aid this understanding, we present the development and evaluation of the Gender Expression Attitudes Towards Transgender Clients scale. In Study I ( N = 300 trainees in helping professions), we found evidence of three adequately reliable factors: Emphasis on Assigned Sex Expression, Affirmation of Gender Expression in All Forms, and Generalized Emphasis on Gender Binary Expression. In Study II ( N = 202 trainees and practitioners), only the Affirmation of Gender Expression in All Forms subscale was negatively associated with gender essentialist and gender immutable attitudes, and was positively associated with recent guidelines for clinical care of transgender clients. The Emphasis on Assigned Sex Expression subscale was positively associated with gender immutability and negatively associated with guidelines for clinical care of transgender clients, as was the Generalized Emphasis on Gender Binary Expression subscale.
What Language Does Your Internal Working Model of Attachment Speak?
Authors: Venta Amanda , Muñoz Carla , Bailey Cassandra
Published: April 2017

Nonnative English speakers are a growing population in the United States and United Kingdom, yet nothing is known about how second-language interviewing affects the assessment (or classification) of internal working models (IWM) of attachment. We suggest that these assessments may be subject to deleterious effects when conducted in an individual’s second language, because they (and the IWM structure itself) are linguistically bound, emotionally laden, and complicated by cultural loading. In this review, research regarding how the language of assessment broadly affects language production, interview content, emotional expression, and interviewee behavior is reviewed. We close with areas for future research and a table of existing attachment assessments by language in an effort to spur cross-cultural and bilingual research in this area. This review can therefore serve as a resource for clinicians wishing to assess attachment with linguistically diverse clients and researchers wishing to address the basic question of this review—how is the assessment of IWMs affected when conducted in an individual’s nonnative tongue?
Strategies for Managing Cultural Conflict: Models Review and Their Applications in Business and Technical Communication
Authors: Wang Junhua
Published: April 2017

In the field of business and technical communication, scholars have called for research on dealing with cultural conflict for a long time. But the limited study on dealing with cultural conflicts, along with the current political context in the United States, calls for efforts to systematically address diversity issues and cultural conflict in our research and teaching practices. One obstacle to advance effective communication strategies on cultural conflict in business and technical communication is the lack of communication with other disciplines. Through an interdisciplinary perspective, the current article introduces the concept of cultural conflict, examines strategy models to address cultural conflict in different fields, and provides an example on how to identify a strategy model to resolve cultural conflict in business and technical communication practices. This article concludes by emphasizing that there is not a best model that can be applied to handle cultural conflict in all circumstances and calling for research on exploring and identifying effective strategy models to resolve cultural conflict in business and technical communication practices.
Systematic review of the evidence base for treatment of common mental disorders in South Africa
Authors: Kaminer Debra , Owen Michael , Schwartz Byron
Published: April 2017

The scarcity of mental health resources in low- and middle-income countries requires the identification of effective interventions that can be taken to scale in a cost-efficient manner. Yet the evidence base for treatment of common mental disorders in low- and middle-income countries remains limited. As one of the better resourced countries on the African continent, South Africa could potentially play a leading role in developing an African evidence base for mental health care. This study sought to describe and evaluate the South African evidence base for treating common mental disorders. A systematic review of randomised controlled trials for depression, substance use, and anxiety in the adult South African population from 2000 to mid-2015 was conducted. Eligible studies were assessed for their consistency with recommendations for mental health interventions in low- and middle-income countries and for methodological and reporting rigour. A total of 16 RCTs satisfied the inclusion criteria, of which 8 targeted depression, 6 targeted substance use, and 2 targeted anxiety symptoms. There has been a strong trend towards alignment with prevailing recommendations for delivery of mental health interventions in resource-scarce regions. While there are some promising findings with regard to effectiveness of specific interventions, replication, costing, and dissemination studies are still required and there is still an urgent need for treatment studies for anxiety disorders, which are the most common class of common mental disorder in South Africa. The review also indicates that research design and reporting practices in South African mental health intervention research could be enhanced and recommendations towards this are suggested.
Producing Better Writers in Sociology: A Programmatic Approach
Authors: Migliaccio Todd , Carrigan Jacqueline
Published: April 2017

High-quality undergraduate student writing is a common and important objective for sociology programs while at the same time a continuous challenge. Programs often struggle to address writing adequately because of the difficulty of fully evaluating student writing and responding to any identified limitations, largely because of the impact on faculty workload. A comprehensive evaluation followed by a response to student writing in a large program was conducted by all faculty members. The result of the student writing analysis was the development of a departmental writing rubric, along with programmatic response to identified writing issues. After evaluation of student writing, key areas were identified with which students struggled (argumentative thesis development, citation, revision). These limitations were addressed using a consistent approach that was integrated into the core curriculum to address student writing in a more systematic manner, which minimized the impact on faculty workload.
Modeling Fiscal Stress and Contracting Out in Local Government: The Influence of Time, Financial Condition, and the Great Recession
Authors: López-Hernández Antonio M. , Zafra-Gómez José L. , Plata-Díaz Ana M. , de la Higuera-Molina Emilio J.
Published: April 2017

Various studies have analyzed the relationship between fiscal stress and contracting out, but have failed to achieve conclusive results. In this article, we take a broad view of fiscal stress, addressed in terms of financial condition and studied over a lengthy period (2000-2010). The relationship between fiscal stress and contracting out is studied using a dynamic model, based on survival analysis, a methodology that enables us to take into account the effect of time on this relationship. As this study period includes the years of the Great Recession (2008-2010), we also highlight the impact of this event on the fiscal stress–contracting out relation. The results obtained suggest that taking into account the passage of time and conducting a long-term assessment of financial condition enable a more precise understanding of this relation. We also find that the Great Recession reduced the probability of local governments’ contracting out public services.
Probing the Characteristics of Colour–Motion Binding and Its Dependence on Persistent Surface Segregation
Authors: Vigano Gabriel J. , Maloney Ryan T. , Clifford Colin W. G.
Published: April 2017

Identifying the spatial and temporal characteristics of visual feature binding is a remaining challenge in the science of perception. Within the feature-binding literature, disparate findings have suggested the existence of more than one feature-binding mechanism with differing temporal resolutions. For example, one surprising result is that temporal alternations between two different feature pairings of colour and motion (e.g., orange dots moving left with blue dots moving right) support accurate conjunction discrimination at alternation frequencies of around 10 Hz and greater. However, at lower alternation frequencies around 5 Hz, conjunction discrimination falls to chance. To further investigate this effect, we present two experiments that probe the stimulus characteristics that facilitate or impede feature binding. Using novel manipulations of random dot kinematograms, we identify that facilitating surface representations through temporal integration can enable accurate conjunction discrimination at both intermediate and high alternation frequencies. We also offer a neurally plausible evidence accumulator model to describe these results, removing the need to suggest multiple binding mechanisms acting at different timescales. In effect, we propose a single, flexible binding process, whereby the relatively low temporal resolution for binding features can be circumvented by extracting them from rapidly formed and persistent surface representations.
Seizures in Pediatric Patients With Liver Transplant and Efficacy of Levetiracetam
Authors: Kılıç Betül , Güngör Serdal , Arslan Müjgan , Selimoğlu Mukadder Ayşe , Yılmaz Sezai
Published: April 2017

The aim of this study was to evaluate the risk factors, clinical implications, and prognosis of new-onset seizures that occurred after pediatric liver transplantation, and to assess the efficacy of levetiracetam treatment. The clinical and laboratory data of liver transplanted 28 children who had seizures after liver transplantation and specifically of 18 children who received levetiracetam were analyzed retrospectively. Sixteen patients (88.9%) remained seizure-free and in 2 (11.1%), more than 50% reduction in seizures were detected with levetiracetam treatment. In conclusion, seizures are generally the most common complication by a spectrum of seizure types, and sometimes cause symptomatic epilepsy. The most common risk factors for seizures in transplant recipients is immunosuppressant toxicity. Currently, there isn’t a specific treatment involving the transplant patient population. Levetiracetam may be preferable in pediatric patients as it’s reliable for liver disease and has advantages in the treatment of postoperative seizures due to its intravenous usage.
Development of energy consumption map for orthogonal machining of Al 6061-T6 alloy
Authors: Warsi Salman Sagheer , Jaffery Syed Husain Imran , Ahmad Riaz , Khan Mushtaq , Ali Liaqat , Agha Mujtaba Hassan , Akram Sohail
Published: April 2017

The major source of environment and economic impact of machine tools has been attributed to their energy consumption. This article, therefore, proposes a novel energy mapping approach to evaluate specific cutting energy consumption with respect to cutting parameters. Unlike the studies presented earlier, which are machine-tool-specific, this study focuses on the basic tool–workpiece interaction for energy consumption analysis. The presented energy map reveals different energy consumption regions at varying machining parameters (feed and speed) during orthogonal machining of Al 6061-T6 alloy. The chip formation analysis indicates a strong correlation with the different energy consumption regions identified on the energy map. It has been observed that feed is the major contributing factor towards shear plane angle during chip formation as compared to cutting speed. Therefore, increasing feed results in a higher shear angle and consequently lowering the specific cutting energy as indicated on the energy map. Selection of machining parameters corresponding to the lowest specific cutting energy consumption region, as identified on the energy map, can result in energy savings up to 27% per kg of material removed. The developed map can be used for selection of suitable energy-efficient cutting parameters.
Extension local representation of gravity anomaly along glide trajectory
Authors: Zhou Huan , Ding Zhijian , Zheng Wei , Tang Guojian
Published: April 2017

An extension local representation and its corresponding fast approximation scheme for the computation of the gravity anomaly along glide trajectories of a hypersonic vehicle are initially proposed, involving field model reconstruction, channel model reconstruction, and onboard approximation. To meet the needs of temporary mission changes, the mathematic model for the tridimensional envelope of glide trajectories is deduced, and thus developing a universal field model by dividing the domain and assigning values to the nodes. To lighten the computational burden, a local channel model is reconstructed by the acquisition of the data of nodes for the three-level extension cells which the planned trajectory flies through. The multi-gridded scheme restrains the actual glide trajectory from flying beyond the channel while the extension approximation achieves a high-fidelity computation of the gravity anomaly. To simplify the partitioning process, a “transposed-pole” coordinate system is employed. Simulations indicate that the approximation accuracy of the extension method is over an order of magnitude higher than that of the nonextension method. The terminal positional deviations of glide trajectories due to approximation errors are beneath 1 m and 100 m on the partitioning schemes of [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text], respectively. By using the scheme of [Formula: see text], it just needs 816 memorized data and 76.781 s to achieve the computation of a glide trajectory containing 10,000 calculation points, with a 100-times enhanced trajectory accuracy. The onboard computational time for the proposed method is only 6000th of that for 1080-order spherical harmonics. The high-adaptability for temporary mission changes and the virtues of exactness, rapidity, and applicability make this method attractive for both of onboard computations and offline analysis of gravity anomaly along glide trajectories.
Eolian processes and heterogeneous dust emissivity during the 1930s Dust Bowl Drought and implications for projected 21st-century megadroughts
Authors: Bolles Kasey , Forman Steven L , Sweeney Mark
Published: April 2017

The 1930s Dust Bowl Drought on the US Great Plains was an environmental crisis with failure of agricultural systems, landscape denudation, and elevated atmospheric dust loads. Poor agricultural practices were implicated for triggering widespread eolian erosion and heightened dust emissions, but this assumption is called into question. This study classified land surface changes in southwest Kansas from aerial images taken in 1936 and 1939 to infer surficial processes, dust sources, and associated emissivity. In total, seven distinctive surface classes were identified from an ArcGIS analysis of spectral reflectance values connected to surface vegetation cover and eolian activity, demonstrating a strikingly heterogeneous landscape response to the drought. Stratigraphic studies indicate accumulation of up to 4 m of eolian sand in places with erosion of a subjacent silty pre-1930s soil surface. Potential dust emissivity estimates for particulate matter were derived from the distribution of classified land surfaces and from empirical relations on analogous dust-emissive surfaces in the western US. Over 60% of total suspended particles in 1939 were inferred to be derived from uncultivated sandy surfaces and eolian landforms within the study area, with the remainder from human-modified surfaces. The PM2.5 and PM10 emissivity estimates for a single dust event with winds over 6 m s−1 in the study area were 510–4514 and 4700–41,607 µg m−3 d−1, respectively, similar in magnitude to current dust storm events from North Africa and East Asia. Drought frequency is forecast to increase in late 21st century, potentially with greater severity than the Dust Bowl and may be associated with magnitude increase in atmospheric dust loads.
The malaise of the squeezed middle: Challenging the narrative of the ‘left behind’ Brexiter
Authors: Antonucci Lorenza , Horvath Laszlo , Kutiyski Yordan , Krouwel André
Published: April 2017

The result of the referendum in the United Kingdom in 2016 to leave the European Union sparked much interest on the socio-economic characteristics of ‘Brexiters’. In this article, we challenge the popularized view of the Leave voter as an outsider and find that individuals from an intermediate class, whose malaise is due to a declining financial position, represent an important segment of the Brexit vote. We use individual-level data from a post-Brexit survey based on the British Election Study. Our analysis tests three predictive models. First, although our analysis confirms the negative association between education and Leave vote, we find that voting Leave is associated more with intermediate levels of education than with low or absent education, in particular in the presence of a perceived declining economic position. Secondly, we find that Brexiters hold distinct psycho-social features of malaise due to declining economic conditions, rather than anxiety or anger. Thirdly, our exploratory model finds voting Leave associated with self-identification as middle class, rather than with working class. We also find that intermediate levels of income were not more likely to vote for remain than low income groups. Overall our analysis of the Brexit vote underlines the importance of considering the political behaviour of the declining middle.
Questions of ethics and etiquette in the Society of Accountants in Edinburgh, 1853–1951
Authors: Chandler Roy A
Published: April 2017

The intangible qualities of honesty and integrity are essential elements of the ethos of the accounting profession. This article reflects on the changing and continuous nature of questions of professional ethics within the Society of Accountants in Edinburgh. Using the Society’s archives, it presents a review of the questions which vexed early leaders of that body. A historical analysis of these issues helps place current concerns about professional conduct into an appropriate temporal perspective and demonstrates the deep-rooted nature of challenges in forming a notion of professional ethics. The article focusses on issues such as members committing criminal acts, problems with delineating the professional space, advertising and the quality of training of apprentice accountants. The article adds to our understanding of the creation of an ethical framework governing the behaviour of professional accountants in one jurisdiction during the first century of the existence of an organised profession. The presentation of individual cases provides a personal touch and adds depth to the analysis.
Sertoliform Cystadenoma of the Rete Testis: Report of a Case and Review of the Literature
Authors: Lahouti Arash H. , Brodherson Michael , Larish Yaniv , Unger Pamela D.
Published: April 2017

Sertoliform cystadenoma is a rare benign tumor of the rete testis with 8 previously reported cases and an additional 14 cases reported in an abstract form. It usually presents with a unilateral scrotal mass, clinically and radiologically indistinguishable from malignant testicular tumors. We report a 39-year-old man who presented with a right testicular mass. The patient underwent radical inguinal orchiectomy. Grossly, no masses were appreciated. After histologic examination with subsequent immunohistochemical staining, a sertoliform cystadenoma of the rete testis was diagnosed.
Juvenile Papillomatosis (Swiss-Cheese Disease) of Breast in an Adult Male With Sequential Diagnoses of Ipsilateral Intraductal, Invasive, and Widely Metastatic Carcinoma: A Case Report and Review of the Disease in Males
Authors: Viswanathan Kartik , McMillen Brian , Cheng Esther , D’Alfonso Timothy , Patel Ami , Hoda Syed A.
Published: April 2017

Juvenile papillomatosis of the breast (JPB, also known as Swiss cheese disease) is a rare ailment that typically afflicts young females, and presents as a mass-forming lesion. The lesional mass usually comprises multiple cysts and duct stasis, amid a variety of proliferative and nonproliferative epithelial changes. The proliferative changes include papillary hyperplasia, florid hyperplasia, and papillary apocrine hyperplasia. Concurrent carcinoma (either in situ or invasive) is present in approximately 10% of cases at presentation, and subsequent carcinoma (either in situ or invasive) is diagnosed in about 10% of patients. About 20% of patients have a strong family history of breast carcinoma. A total of 10 cases of JPB have been previously reported in males, both children and adults, only one of which, in a 33-year-old, was associated with invasive carcinoma. Here, another case of JPB in a 45-year-old male—one with subsequent sequential diagnoses of ipsilateral intraductal carcinoma, invasive carcinoma, and widely metastatic carcinoma over the course of 15 years—is reported.
The pleasures of care
Authors: Smith Rainey Sarah
Published: April 2017

In Western culture, pleasure and caregiving seem mutually exclusive. However, in the author’s previous research with people with disabilities and their partners, caregiving emerged as a primary way in which disabled/nondisabled couples engaged in intimacy. Rather than being a drain on the relationship, physical/emotional care brought the couples closer. This article revisits the author’s ‘pleasures of care’ model, focusing on new narratives that explore how the performance of care and ‘technologies of care’ facilitate sexual pleasure. She argues that care is typically experienced as pleasurable when caregiving and receiving have consciously and explicitly been made strange, negotiated, and reframed. In the first section, the author explores how communication can lead to reframing, and how couples that achieve this may also experience a heightened attunement, parallel to the sense of oneness sometimes experienced in sexual encounters. In the second section, she explores how making care ‘strange’ can also be an aspect of kinky sex and sex involving caregiving apparatuses, what she calls the ‘technologies of care’. In relationships involving BDSM, the performance of care can be an integral part of sexual play. ‘Technologies of care’ can be used to facilitate sexual pleasure and contact especially, but not exclusively, in kinky relationships. Rubber gloves, tens units, and Hoyer lifts are all ‘technologies of care’, but they are also the accoutrements of kinky (and some ‘vanilla’) sexual play. By detailing the ways in which care facilitates sexual pleasure, the author hopes to show how the ‘pleasure of care’ can radically rewrite the meaning of disability and power.
Lost in representation: Disabled sex and the aesthetics of the ‘norm’
Authors: Malinowska Anna
Published: April 2017

This article examines depictions of disabled sex as mediated by normative representations of sexual performance and popular images of disability. It analyzes the ways in which disabled intimacies become encoded for mainstream reception through adaptation strategies that adjust disabled sexuality to a normative representational demand. Contextualizing recent popular images of disabled sex with studies on representing disability in popular media, the article shows how, despite the emergence of a new disability paradigm, the experience of sex and sexuality by people with disabilities becomes aesthetically subjugated to the ‘tyranny of the normal’. The author provides an insight into narrative strategies of the popular as well as examining methods used for relating disability and sex in popular culture. The article also advocates for the extension of popular narrative codes to ensure a more inclusive depiction of sexual pleasures, which although deemed ‘disabled’ are, nevertheless, erotic.
Differentiation and academic control over policy in Central and Eastern Europe: The case of Romania
Authors: Proteasa Viorel , Andreescu Liviu , Curaj Adrian
Published: April 2017

This article adds a political perspective to the phenomenon of higher education de-differentiation, by building on Gary Rhoades’ neo-institutionalist account. Diversity is operationalized on a hallmark dimension for Central and Eastern Europe: the public–private divide. Higher education is conceived of as a structured organizational field and its institutionalization in Central and Eastern Europe is surveyed in a comparative approach, focusing on the institutions governing the competition for (tuition paying) students and the normative images of higher education (accreditation, quality assurance, classifications and rankings). Critical junctures are identified in regard to the structuration and re-structuration of higher education in Romania, and the agency of the ministers is traced in relation to their academic background. The article builds on evidence from studies of system-level diversity or differentiation in higher education, the structuration of higher education as an organizational field, and the more recent empirical accounts on the impact of the agency of academics in policy formulation in Central and Eastern Europe (especially those in office as ministers of education).
Shadow and Spillover Effects of Competition in NBA Playoffs
Authors: Hill Brian
Published: April 2017

The National Basketball Association (NBA) playoffs are structured as an elimination tournament where reseeding does not occur after each round. This structure leads to situations where future competitors (the shadow effect) and previous effort (the spillover effect) affect current performance. Using data from the 2009-2014 NBA playoffs, results here find that, when a future opponent is known, a series favorite is significantly more likely to win a game when the future opponent is weaker than expected. Estimates also provide evidence that greater previous effort by teams increases the probability the series favorite wins a game.
The lives and works of John Cheyne (1777–1836) and William Stokes (1804–1878)
Authors: Fletcher Alexander , Moor Dominic
Published: April 2017

Cheyne-Stokes respiration – an abnormal pattern of breathing, oscillating between hyperventilation and apnoea – was first described in the 19th century by Dr John Cheyne and Dr William Stokes. Although primarily known for this condition, both men contributed a lot more to the understanding and practice of medicine than this eponym.
Incidence and Risk Factors of Venous Thromboembolism After Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Surgery
Authors: Ahmad Jamal , Lynch Mary-Katherine , Maltenfort Mitchell
Published: April 2017

Background. This study examines the incidence and risk of postoperative symptomatic venous thromboembolism (VTE) after orthopaedic foot/ankle surgery. Materials. Patients that received foot/ankle surgery between 2006 and 2016 were reviewed. Inclusion criteria were surgical patients that were without coagulopathy, previous VTE, and/or using anticoagulation medications including aspirin. Age, sex, body mass index, medical comorbidities, and surgical diagnosis and procedure(s) were noted. Records were reviewed to see who developed a symptomatic VTE within 90 days from surgery. Results. This study involved 2774 patients that received foot/ankle surgery between 2006 and 2016. Of them, 22 (0.79%) developed a VTE within 90 days from surgery. The mean age of these patients was 49.5 years. Twelve patients were male and 10 were female. Sixteen patients were obese and 6 were nonobese. Postoperative VTEs were 14 infrapopliteal deep vein thrombosis (DVT), 1 suprapopliteal DVT, and 7 pulmonary emboli. The most common surgeries involved were ankle fracture repair in 8 (0.29%), Achilles tendon repair in 2 (0.07%), ankle ligament reconstruction in 2, and hammer-toe correction in 2 patients. Obesity was predictive of a postoperative VTE to a statistically significant degree (P = .04). Age, sex, medical comorbidities, diagnosis, and type of surgery were not significantly prognostic for a postsurgical VTE (P ≥ .05). Discussion. The incidence of VTE after foot/ankle surgery is low. However, obese patients are at significantly higher risk for VTE after such procedures. Clinical Relevance. These findings are important when educating patients as to their risks of developing a VTE after orthopaedic foot/ankle surgery.

Levels of Evidence: Level III: Retrospective cohort study
The Role of the School Nurse in the Special Education Process: Part I: Student Identification and Evaluation
Authors: Yonkaitis Catherine F. , Shannon Robin A.
Published: April 2017

Every U.S. student is entitled to a free and appropriate education. School districts must identify and evaluate any child who they find is unable to engage fully in learning as a participant in the general education curriculum. The Individuals with Disabilities Education Act of 2004 requires that these students be assessed by qualified individuals in any areas that may be impacting learning, including health, vision, hearing, social and emotional status, communicative status, and motor abilities. The school nurse, as the health expert, has an important role to play as a member of the special education team in evaluating whether a student has health concerns that are impacting learning and how health barriers to learning might be reduced. As part of the full and individual evaluation, the school nurse composes a written report and makes recommendations to the team regarding necessary health services and other modifications the student may need. This article (Part 1 of 2) will outline the school nurse’s role in identification and evaluation of students who may benefit from special education services.
Impact of social media usage on daytime sleepiness: A study in a sample of tertiary students in Singapore
Authors: Nasirudeen A M A , Lee Chin Adeline Lau , Wat Neo Josephine Koh , Lay Seng Lim , Wenjie Li
Published: April 2017

Objective

Many tertiary students access social networking sites on a daily basis. With the increased usage of smartphones, accessing social networking sites while commuting, in schools, waiting for friends, television commercial breaks has become prevalent among tertiary students. What started as a lifestyle choice has now become a daily necessity. Such behavior among tertiary students raises an important question for educators: how does social media usage affect tertiary students’ sleep patterns and daytime sleepiness, their attention difficulties, especially in school? Thus, the aim of this study was to examine the relationships between tertiary students' self-reports of social media usage and daytime sleepiness.

Design

The design was a cross-sectional, quantitative research study.

Methods

We used a survey that contained questions concerning demographic data, daytime sleepiness, total sleep time and social media usage and a version of the Cleveland Adolescent Sleepiness Questionnaire, modified for use in tertiary students, were used for data collection ( n = 969).

Results

The most preferred tool for accessing social networking sites was smartphones and WhatsApp was the most accessed site. Results indicated that nocturnal technology use has a weak, negative impact on tertiary students’ quantity of sleep that may lead to daytime sleepiness. Local Singapore students spent significantly more time on social networking sites at night compared to foreign students. As a result, local students experienced more daytime sleepiness compared to foreign students.

Conclusions

Prolonged social media usage, especially in bed, has a negative impact on tertiary students’ daytime sleepiness. Since the technology is such an integral part of most tertiary students’ lives, it is important to understand the impact it has on their sleep and daytime sleepiness.