bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PENINGKATAN HASIL BELAJAR SISWA PADA MATERI PENJUMLAHAN PECAHAN MELALUI PENDEKATAN MATEMATIKA REALISTIK DENGAN MEDIA FRACTION CIRCLE
Authors: Ristiyani Ristiyani
Published: August 2021

Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi oleh rendahnya nilai tes pembelajaran matematika materi penjumlahan pecahan pada siswa kelas IV SD Kristen Terang Bangsa karena penggunaan metode masih konvensional. Rumusan masalah dalam penelitian ini adalah apakah pendekatan matematika realistik dengan media fraction circle dapat meningkatkan hasil belajar aspek pengetahuan dan keterampilan siswa kelas IV SD Kristen Terang Bangsa pada materi penjumlahan pecahan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui peningkatan hasil belajar aspek pengetahuan dan keterampilan siswa kelas IV SD Kristen Terang Bangsa materi penjumlahan pecahan dengan media fraction circle. Waktu pelaksanaan Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penggunaan media fraction circle dapat meningkatkan hasil belajar dan  keterampilan siswa kelas IV dalam pembelajaran matematika secara signifikan, dengan persentase siswa tuntas sebanyak 20 siswa (90,9 %) dari 22 siswa untuk aspek pengetahuan dan 17 (77,3 %) siswa dari 22 siswa tuntas aspek keterampilan pada siklus II. Simpulan  penelitian ini adalah penggunaan  media fraction circle dapat meningkatkan hasil belajar aspek pengetahuan dan keterampilan siswa kelas IV SDK Terang Bangsa pada materi penjumlahan pecahan.
The Influence of the Inside Outside Circle Cooperative Learning Model on Students' Mathematical Communication Ability
Authors: Sarah Kamai , Mursalin Mursalin , Muliana Muliana , Nuraina Nuraina , Rohantizani Rohantizani
Published: August 2021

Students' mathematical communication is stated to be low because students learn by listening and seeing the teacher solve mathematical problems and students have difficulty in expressing everyday events in mathematical models. This study aims to determine whether there is an influence of the Inside Outside Circle (IOC) type of cooperative learning model on students' mathematical communication skills better than using scientific learning. This study uses a quantitative approach with the type of research Quasi-Experimental Design and the design of this research The Nonequivalent Postets-Only Control Group Design. The population in this study were all students of class VIII SMP Negeri 1 Nisam, while the samples were class VIIIB as the experimental class and class VIII-A as the control class with the sampling technique of purposive sampling. The data collection technique in this study used a mathematical communication ability test. The data analysis was carried out for the mathematical communication ability test using the t-test because the data were normally distributed and homogeneous, the data were processed using SPSS 18 software and the hypothesis test results were obtained with a significant value of 0.000 less than 0.05, which means reject H0 and accept Ha. The results showed that there was an effect of the Inside-Outside Circle (IOC) type of cooperative learning model on students' mathematical communication skills.
Towards the Application of Inquiry Learning Approach in Classroom: Students Exploration of Changes in Understanding Meaningful Mathematical Concepts
Authors: Nazirah Filzah , Nuraina Nuraina , Herizal Herizal , Mursalin Mursalin
Published: August 2021

This study was intended to investigate the influence of inquiry learning approach assisted with square word media toward students’ mathematical understanding ability in learning mathematics. This study was conducted through quantitative research procedures namely quasi-experimental design. The populations were all students of class X at MAS Syamsuddhuha. The samples were 25 students of class X MIA 1 and 25 students of class X MIA 2, selected by purposive sampling. The nonequivalent posttest-only control group design was used. The data were obtained from the post-test results of the students’ mathematical understanding; they were analyzed by using SPSS 18 software. Since the data was not normal, the non-parametric Mann-Whitney test was applied. The findings of this study showed that the significant value of the test was 0,000 and it was less than 0.05 allowed the H0 rejected. It can be concluded that there was an influence of inquiry learning approach assisted by word square media on students' mathematical understanding ability, which was done in the study of trigonometry II for class X at MAS Syamsuddhuha. Hence, mathematical understanding ability is a crucial aspect in solving mathematical problems which can be measured by applying inquiry learning approach in classroom.
Vaccines against SARS-COV-2
Authors: Julia San Miguel Rodríguez  , Julita Rodríguez Barbero  , Angel San Miguel Hernández  , Angel San Miguel Rodríguez  , María San Miguel Rodríguez
Published: August 2021

Vaccines against Covid-19 were developed on the basis of protein S, before it had the mutations identified in these variants. Although research conducted so far is less effective against variants and continues to offer protection against severe forms of Covid-19, further research is ongoing. WHO is working with every country in the world to help coordinate the key stages of this vaccine manufacturing and development process. In particular, to facilitate equitable access for all countries to vaccines against Covid-19 and that they are safe and effective for the billions of people who need them.
Black phosphorus nanosheet-based new drug delivery system for the anticancer agents: A review
Authors: Chaitanya A. Gulhane  , Adarsh R. Durge  , Jagdish V. Manwar  , Ravindra L. Bakal
Published: August 2021

Cancer has been one among the main threats to the lives of citizenry for hundreds of years. Traditional drug therapy has certain defects such as poor targeting, easy degradation, high side effects, etc. Therefore, to enhance the treatment efficiency of anticancer agents, there is need of developing new drug delivery systems. Black phosphorus is a member of the 2D family, and it possess the potential to construct drug delivery system by virtue of its photothermal therapy, photodynamic therapy, and biodegradable properties. Due to their special structure BP are considered to be the best platform for drug delivery. They have shown large potential as near-infrared photothermal therapy agents and drug delivery for cancer therapy. The present review covered advances in BP- based drug delivery system along with its advantages and applications in cancer therapy.
Prevalence and burden of symptomatic uterine leiomyomata among women in Imo State, South-Eastern Nigeri
Authors: Eze Chinwe Catherine  , Ajugwo Gloria Chidiebere  , Orume Abubakar Sani  , Nweze Kenneth Emeka  , Anaebonam Emeka  , Onyemeka Regland Michael
Published: August 2021

Despite high rates of Uterine Leiomyomata (UL) diagnoses found in black women, there is paucity in research. Therefore, this study aimed at estimating the prevalence and burden of symptomatic UL among women in Imo State, Nigeria. The study is a descriptive cross-sectional hospital-based study that was carried out in Radiology, Obstetrics and Gynaecology departments of three hospitals and two diagnostic Centres covering the three senatorial zones in Imo State. The research was based on a convenience sampling of 2965 women within the age group of 16 to 49 that reside in the 3 senatorial zones referred for an ultrasound scan and who met the selection criteria within the period of study. Eligible and consented women responded to the questionnaire and underwent a transabdominal ultrasound. The data were analysed with the statistical program PASW 18 and p values < 0.05 were taken to be statistically significant. Weighted means and percentages were reported and prevalence across the senatorial zones was examined. Symptom burden among women with and without uterine fibroids was compared using weighted logistic regressions. Of 2965 respondents who met study inclusion criteria, a total of 652(22.0%) were diagnosed having UL while 2313 (78.0%) do not have the disease. Hence the overall prevalence of UL at clinics/Diagnostic centres in Imo State was 22%. Uterine fibroids impose a heavy burden on women aged 16–49 years in Imo State. It represents an important gynecologic pathology in women due to its relatively high prevalence and its significant impact on patient’s quality of life.
Effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on radiography education in Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Nigeria
Authors: Michael Sunday Okpaleke  , Christopher Chukwuemeka Ohagwu  , Chigozie Ivor Nwobi  , Michael Promise Ogolodom  , Victor Kelechi Nwodo  , Uche Nathaniel Eja-Egwu
Published: August 2021

COVID-19 pandemic shutdown of tertiary institutions in Nigeria and globally following the lockdown of socio-economic activities. There is paucity of data on the effects of the pandemic on Radiography education in Nigerian universities especially in Nnamdi Azikiwe University (NAU) Nnewi campus. This prospective cross - sectional study was carried out using a structured questionnaire. One hundred and twenty- five questionnaires were distributed by the researcher to students, academic and non-academic staff of the department of Radiography, NAU, and one hundred was retrieved thereafter. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used for data analysis using statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) version 23 at 5% level of significance. The major effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on Radiography education in NAU were poor access to education financing (97%), poor attendance to lectures (91%), poor academic performance after the lockdown (85%), better attitude to infection control (81%), disruption of academic calendar (88%), the rushing of many lectures over a short time and low assimilation/understanding among students (75%), the predominance of physical classroom lectures especially among undergraduates (55%), promoted online lectures especially among postgraduate students (45%), better hygiene culture (35%, 0.00076 = p < 0.05, adjusted α = 0.0032) ) and loss of interest in education (27.5%). However, only the enthronement of better hygiene culture had significant effects on Radiography education (p = 0.00076). The study concludes that the only significant and positive effect of COVID-19 pandemic on Radiography education in NAU was the enthronement of better hygiene culture.
Analysis of microflora in dentinal tubule by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis
Authors: Norimasa Tsuji  , Sadaomi Sugimoto  , Hitomi Nakama  , Hiroshi Maeda
Published: August 2021

This study was performed to apply denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis to microbiological examination of endodontic infections. The method was used to assess the bacterial communities in dentinal tubules. Samples were collected using #15, #35, and #60 K-type files from five infected root canals during treatment. Deoxyribonucleic acid(DNA) was extracted from the samples, and 16S ribosomal DNA was amplified by PCR using universal primers. The polymerase chain reaction(PCR) products were separated in the denaturing gel and band patterns were compared between the deep (#60 file) and superficial layers (#15 file) of the dentin. The major bands were then excised and DNA fragments in the gel were cloned and sequenced. The sequence data were subjected to BLAST search in the GenBank database for determination of bacterial species or closest relatives. In three root canals, similar band patterns were observed in both superficial and deep layers of the dentin, while several specific bands remained in the deep layer in two roots. The bacteria isolated from the deep layers were Porphyromonas gingivalis, Olsenella profuse, Atopobium rimae, and Prevotella, Flexistipes, Firmicutes, Peptostreptococcus, Dialister, and Eubacterium spp. Unlike previous studies, gram-negative anaerobic rods were isolated from the deep layers. Clone library analysis was simultaneously performed and similar results were obtained. The method utilized here will be useful for microbiological examination of endodontic infections. In addition, although it is still unknown whether they were viable, this study demonstrated the presence of gram-negative rods in dentinal tubules.
Postpartum depression and the scarcity of generalizable evidence: A mini-review of existing literature and the way forward
Authors: Fidelis E Uwumiro  , Victory O Okpujie  , Kingsley O Anokwuru
Published: August 2021

The first known reference to Postpartum Depression (PPD), was Hippocrates’ 4th century hypothesis that drainage of lochia, if suppressed, could flow to the brain resulting in agitation, delirium, and episodes of mania. This hypothesis became dogma and lasted over a millennium. Over the years, knowledge of PPD has evolved but researchers still struggle to establish it as a distinct disease entity. It was initially recognized as Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) with postpartum onset in the 1994 revision of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV), the “bible” of diagnostic criteria for mental health professionals and researchers. It is currently recognized as MDD with peripartum onset (DSM-V) and researchers have admitted that persuasive evidence to indicate that postpartum depression is distinct from other existing depressive disorders, has not been found. Several diagnostic tools such as the Edinburg Postpartum Depression Scale (EDPS), the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-II), Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9), and the Postpartum Depression Screening Scale (PDSS) are available for use but none of these is universally accepted. With much of the published literature plagued with bias and structural inconsistencies, the credibility of the evidence has been greatly diminished. The difficulty with disease designation, the absence of a universally accepted tool for diagnosis and the scarcity of generalizable evidence on the subject has impaired the early recognition and effective management of PPD. It is therefore expedient, to critically appraise some of the available literature and proffer solutions to navigating this conundrum.
Analysis of mutations associated with Parkinson’s disease in patients of the Krasnoyarsk region
Authors: Subbotina T. N. , Abramov V. G. , Razumova A. A. , Kochmaryova G. Y. , Karnyushka A. A. , Vereschagina S. V. , Pokhabov D. V.
Published: August 2021

Background. Parkinson’s disease (PD) is one of the common neurodegenerative diseases. Several genes are known (SNCA, PARK2, PINK1, PARK7 (DJ-1) and LRRK2), mutations in which have a pathological significance in the development of monogenic PD; association with PD of other genes (for example, UCHL1, ATP13A2) requires further study. It is also known, that GBA gene is associated with an increased risk of PD developing.

Aim. Analysis of mutations and polymorphisms in the PARK2, PINK1, SNCA, ATP13A2, PARK7, LRRK2, UCHL, GCH1 and GBA genes in patients with PD from Krasnoyarsk region.

Material and methods. The 60 patients with sporadic and familial forms of PD were included in the study. The SALSA MLPA Holland P051 and P052 kits («MRC Amsterdam», The Netherlands) were used to detect deletions and duplications in the PARK2, PINK1, SNCA, ATP13A2, PARK7, LRRK2, UCHL, GCH1 genes, as well as point mutations A30P in the SNCA gene and G2019S in the LRRK2 gene. Analysis of the GBA gene was carried out by Senger sequencing.

Results. None of the 60 patients had mutations that were searched with the SALSA MLPA Holland P051 and P052 kits. 6 different mutations in the GBA gene were found in 9 out of 60 patients with PD. L444P («severe» PD — associated mutation) — in two patients, D409H («severe» PD — associated mutation) — in one patient, T369M (polymorphism, possibly associated with PD) — in two patients, E326K (polymorphism, possibly associated with PD) — in one patient, V460V (synonymous variant, which is part of the composition of the complex RecNcil mutation (p.L444P; p.A456P; p.V460V) associated with PD) — in two patients and variant C.*92g>A (3’ — UTR polymorphism, possibly associated with PD) — in one patient. Two patients had compound heterozygous carriers of two variants.

Conclusion. This paper presents the genetic analysis results of the PD associated genes among patients from the Krasnoyarsk region. No mutations were detected in the PARK2, PINK1, SNCA, ATP13A2, PARK7, LRRK2, UCHL and GCH1 genes. Genetic variants analysis of the GBA gene showed similar frequency in the patients from the Krasnoyarsk region as in European populations.
Alcohol-induced damage to skeletal muscles in women with chronic alcohol intoxication
Authors: Shcheglova N. S. , Zinovyeva E. O. , Shenkman B. S.
Published: August 2021

In Russia, there is a high level of alcohol consumption among women in doses that represent a high risk of developing alcoholic diseases, manifested, in particular, by damage to skeletal muscles.

The purpose of the study. Analysis of clinical, biochemical, neurophysiological, as well as morphometric and immunohistochemical features of alcoholic skeletal muscle damage in women with chronic alcohol intoxication.

Material and methods. A clinical and laboratory examination of 30 women aged 20 to 60 years with chronic alcohol intoxication was performed, which included the determination of creatine phosphokinase (CPK) and insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) in blood plasma, stimulation and needle electromyography (EMG), as well as morphological and immunohistochemical examination of biopsies of the quadriceps femoris.

Results. Myopathic syndrome in the form of proximal para-or tetraparesis was observed in 73.3% of the examined women in combination with a decrease in IGF-1 at normal values of CPK in blood plasma. The EMG results indicated the absence of changes in the parameters of the potentials of motor units, characteristic of primary muscular lesions, and of conduction disturbances along the femoral nerve. Morphometric and immunohistochemical studies of skeletal muscle biopsies showed a decrease in the cross-sectional area of muscle fibers of types I and II without signs of muscle tissue necrosis.

Conclusion. Chronic alcoholic myopathy is a common manifestation of alcoholic disease in women with long-term alcohol intoxication. The severity of the atrophic process in the skeletal muscle is comparable to the degree of proximal paresis. Violations of systemic protein synthesis and acceleration of apoptosis are considered as pathogenetic mechanisms of the atrophic process in the muscles in chronic alcoholic myopathy in women.
Features of prognostic function in patients with ischemic stroke of frontal localization in the early recovery period
Authors: Nikishina E. I. , Danilova A. E. , Nikishina V. B. , Zapesotskaya I. V. , Nedurueva T. V. , Kazaryan M. Y. , Shuteeva T. V.
Published: August 2021

The article presents the results of the research of the features of the anticipation and prognostic function in patients with ischemic stroke of frontal localization in the early recovery period.

Material and methods. The total sample group was represented by 60 patients who had suffered an ischemic stroke of frontal or parietal localization. The average age of the research subjects was 53.00 ± 5.44 years. The study was conducted with the use of functional neuropsychological tests (by A.R. Luria, L.S. Tsvetkova), methods of predictive function research (time estimation test, spatial anticipation test, Maze test, London Tower test, “incomplete images” test), as well as statistical methods of quantitative and qualitative data processing.

Results. In patients with prefrontal localization of ischemic stroke a specific impairment of prognostic function and a non-specific decrease in anticipation were revealed. It is due to disorders of mental activity purposefulness and preliminary orientation in the conditions of the task. When the lesion was localized in the premotor areas, a less significant decrease in the rate and accuracy of the prognostic function due to the inertia of the mental processes was revealed. In the localization of ischemic stroke in the associative parietal cortex, a specific decrease in the rate and accuracy of sensorimotor, perceptual, and temporal anticipation was revealed, as well as a non-specific decrease in the rate of planning, while maintaining its accuracy of implementation.

Conclusion. In terms of practical significance, taking into account the features of prognostic function that have arisen in a particular form of brain damage can serve as a basis for restoring other gnostic or motor impaired functions, increasing the effectiveness of correctional and rehabilitation measures.
Burning mouth syndrome in menopausal women
Authors: Maksimova M. Yu. , Illarioshkin S. N. , Sineva N. A.
Published: August 2021

Many women in menopause experience discomfort in the oral cavity — burning, dysesthesia, xerostomia, taste changes, which lead to a reduction in the quality of life.

Aim: to identify clinical and psychological factors associated with the development of burning mouth syndrome in menopausal women.

Material and methods. Were examined 67 women aged 45–67 years. Assessment of oral pain performed using the Visual analog scale (VAS). Assessment of dry mouth symptoms severity performed using the Challacombe Scale of Clinical Oral Dryness (CSCOD). Psychometric tests was carried out with Spielberger’s Anxiety Test, Montgomery–Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS), Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE). The Psychological stress measure-25 scale was also used to assess the impact of stress on somatic, behavioral, and emotional indicators of life. The quality of life was measured using the Oral Health Impact Profile-14 (OHIP-14).

Results. Clinically, burning mouth syndrome in menopausal women manifested with various oral symptoms include paresthesias and pain in the tongue, oral cavity, as well as xerostomia and taste disorders. Painful sensations in the tongue developed 1–3 years after the menopause onset and was preceded by stressful life events. The pain scores on the VAS was 63.1 ± 11.8 mm. Depressive disorders were characterized by an average level of personal and situational anxiety, instability to stressful influences. The quality of life assessment in menopausal women using the OHIP-14 scale, the total score was 17.1 ± 5.21 points and corresponded to the sufficient quality of oral health.

Conclusion. Burning mouth syndrome and neuropsychiatric disorders (anxiety, asthenia, depression, phobia, sleep disorders) in menopausal women are pathophysiologically related conditions.
Surgical treatments for Parkinson’s disease
Authors: Tokarev A. S. , Rozhnova E. N. , Sinkin M. V. , Tomskiy A. A. , Rak V. A. , Stepanov V. N. , Viktorova O. A.
Published: August 2021

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a progressive, incurable degenerative disease of the central nervous system, leading to a significant limitation of the functional state of patients. Modern medicine has several methods of medical and surgical treatment for this pathology. In the review, all stages of the surgical treatment of PD are considered, starting with the descriptions of the resection of the precentral gyrus of historical interest to stereotaxic lesions by various methods of exposure and electrical stimulation of the deep brain structures. The indications for each of the methods, their advantages and disadvantages, the principles of patient selection are presented. Indications for neurosurgical treatment are determined taking into account the international CAPSIT-PD criteria. Stereotactic lesions lead to irreversible changes in the medulla, therefore their widespread use is limited. Stimulation with deep electrodes has advantages in disease progression due to the possibility of changing the stimulation parameters and the possibility of a bilateral effect on motor symptoms. Surgical treatment of PD does not mean the cancelling of drug therapy, but it can reduce the dose of anti-Parkinsonian drugs and reduce their side effects. The best result can be achieved with timely operation and correct selection of patients by a multidisciplinary medical team with considering the characteristics of the course of the disease, the possibility of long-term postoperative observation of the patient and correction of stimulation parameters.
GAMMA RAY INDEX–SHALE VOLUME TRANSFORMS
Authors:   QED Petrophysics LLC, Kennedy David
Published: August 2021

Although a relationship between gamma ray log response and shale volume had been recognized since the introduction of gamma ray logging in the late 1930s and early 1940s, the formula for gamma ray index, and the equating of gamma ray index to shale volume apparently appeared in the late 1960s. Contemporaneously there appeared three similar, alternative, non-linear relationships in 1969, 1970, and 1971. These functions were based upon observations and empirical graphical functions. Subsequently, these graphical functions were fit using very dissimilar-looking formulas. Only the 1969 data set was published in support of the graphical functions. No attempt to link these functions with a single formula was ever made, and only vague verbal explanations have been offered for the non-linear functions. Further, the 1969 publication was in Russian, partly mistranslated, and the mistranslation never corrected. Consequently, two of the resulting formulas are misapplied. In this article I review the four standard non-linear functions (i.e., Larionov’s two, Stieber’s, Clavier’s), examine their similarities, and show that a single function would serve the same purpose as all four, thereby eliminating a source of confusion for formation evaluators. When these shale (or clay) volume versus gamma ray index transforms are inverted to functions of gamma ray index versus shale (or clay) fractional volume a remark-able property is revealed: the increment of radioactivity per unit shale volume decreases with increases in fractional shale volume. In other words, if one unit of shale per unit volume produces a gamma ray intensity of 10 API units we would think it strange if 10 units of shale per unit volume produced only, say, 60 API units of gamma radiation (instead of 100). Yet, this is the message contained in these functions. The cause for this phenomenon has been speculated upon, but only briefly and not often. To remedy this lack of speculation, I propose a physical model and give it mathematical form. This model is in-tended as a challenge to theoretical-minded petrophysicists to falsify it, make it better, or propose an alternative and more realistic model. I also provide (in Appendix C) a digital listing of all the published graphical data in the literature that support the introduction of the non-linear shale (and clay) fractional volume – gamma ray index transforms.
INVERSION-BASED MEASUREMENT INTERPRETATION OF A NEW THROUGH-THE-BIT OBM PHOTOREALISTIC BOREHOLE IMAGER
Authors:   Schlumberger, Chen Yong-Hua , Bloemenkamp Richard ,   Schlumberger, Schlicht Peter ,   Schlumberger, Liang Lin ,   Schlumberger, Comparon Laetitia ,   Schlumberger
Published: August 2021

A new 2 1/8-in. outer-diameter photorealistic imager for oil-based muds (OBM) has recently started field testing in unconventional formations in North America. To obtain the best interpretation of its measurements, a two-step quantitative inversion workflow has been developed with a performance similar to the existing inversion workflows for the regular high-definition OBM imagers. The new inversion workflow provides borehole resistivity images, borehole rugosity images, and borehole dielectric permittivity images as well as multiple quality curves. The modeling of the new borehole imager is performed with a 2D axisymmetric finite element code. An efficient forward model is developed by fitting the tool response tables into fourth-order polynomials in terms of the sensor standoff, formation, and mud impedivities for broad ranges of model parameters. The fast forward model based on the polynomial fitting is calibrated against the actual tool measurements in a laboratory setup and applied in the inversion algorithms. The inversion workflow is tested with synthetic data and the inverted model parameters are compared with their true values to study and analyze their corresponding measurement sensitivity and optimize the inversion input parameters. It is used to invert several field test datasets in unconventional wells. The results show that the inversion results provide critical added value for formation evaluation, showing geological features that would otherwise be missed, such as fracture properties. Projection-based formation impedivity images, as available for the regular high-definition OBM imagers, are ideal for conductive formations but suffer from a rollover effect in resistive formations. In comparison, the image formed from the inverted formation resistivity does not roll over and is more consistent for resistive formations. The image formed by the inverted standoff reflects surface conditions of the borehole and can be used to interpret whether the fractures and the faults are open, closed, or damaged in the drilling process. Multiple image examples are given from unconventional wells to demonstrate that the inverted standoff image can reveal fractures when there is insufficient or even no contrast in medium properties. The inverted standoff image also serves as a diagnostic tool for interpreting borehole and tool conditions during the measurements. The inverted permittivity may have a larger dynamic range than the resistivity especially for unconventional formations, thus providing an alternative and potentially clearer borehole image.
MULTISCALE LOGGING WHILE DRILLING DATA INTEGRATION UNVEILED COMPLEX GEOLOGICAL SCENARIO WHILE GEOSTEERING
Authors:   Eni S.p.A, Mele Maurizio , Chinellato Filippo ,   Eni S.p.A, Leone Andrea ,   Eni S.p.A, Arata Francesca ,   Eni S.p.A, Cappannelli Caterina ,   Mizamtec Operating Co. S. de R.L. de C.V., Medaglia Matteo ,   Mizamtec Operating Co. S. de R.L. de C.V.
Published: August 2021

The first Eni geosteering operation in Mexico was executed during the global COVID-19 crisis. The complex geology and the uncertainty related to this undrilled portion of the reservoir determined the employment of advanced Logging While Drilling (LWD) technology for real-time geosteering and a comprehensive geological interpretation. The target is an oil bearing sandstone reservoir, represented by deltaic front sands bars within an anticline structure on a salt core with faults and lateral heterogeneity. A sedimentological conceptual model was used to feed the 3D geological model, supporting a development strategy based on the geosteering of a horizontal well. The trajectory was designed within the best petrophysical properties interval to maximize production. The pre-drill risk analysis determined the need for a pilot hole to confirm structural setting, reservoir properties and fluid contacts to mitigate the associated uncertainties. The landing data acquisition strategy included standard LWD measurements and density images to optimize the wellbore inclination. The drain section was going to be geosteered with an Ultra-Deep Azimuthal Electromagnetic tool, dual-physics imager for oil-based mud systems and sourceless Density/Neutron technology. The pilot hole confirmed the pre-drill expected scenario but the LWD images and data interpreted while landing, revealed a more complex than expected target reservoir architecture. The detailed geological picture was completed while drilling the drain section. The multi-scale data (Reservoir Mapping information, Resistivity images, Logs, Seismic Interpretation and Pressure points) were integrated and exchanged 24/7 by experts through a commercial hub for team collaboration. A communication and information sharing protocol was customized to overcome the restrictions dictated by COVID-19 health emergency. The combination of acquired information and knowledge, unveiled a reservoir made of stacked clinoforms with internal geometries non-conformable with the general structural trend. Real-time geosteering with advanced technologies information, mitigated the impact of the unexpected complex subsurface setting. A total of 270 m were drilled inside the target, maximizing the drilled Net-to-Gross compared with the planned trajectory. Furthermore, the geological scenario reconstructed with multiscale LWD data, was exploited for a detailed 3D reservoir model update.
INTERPRETATION OF LWD ACOUSTIC BOREHOLE IMAGE LOGS: CASE STUDIES FROM NORTH AMERICAN SHALE PLAYS
Authors:   Chevron, Gong Bo , Manuel Ela ,   Chevron, Liu Youfang ,   Chevron, Forand David ,   Chevron, Malizia Tom ,   Chevron, Tohidi Vahid ,   Chevron, Saldana Alex ,   Chevron
Published: August 2021

Logging-while-drilling (LWD) acoustic imaging technology emerged in the past few years as a low-cost solution to detect and characterize fractures in high-angle and horizontal wells. This type of imaging tool works in either water-based or oil-based drilling fluids, making it a competitive choice for logging unconventional shale wells, which are often drilled with oil-based mud. With high-resolution acoustic amplitude and travel-time images, fractures, bedding planes and other drilling-related features can be identified, providing new insights for reservoir characterization and wellbore geomechanics. The quality of LWD acoustic images however is directly affected by drilling parameters and borehole conditions, as the received signal is sensitive to formation property and wellbore changes at the same time. As a result, interpretation can be quite challenging, and caution needs to be taken to differentiate actual formation property changes from drilling-related features or image artifacts. This paper demonstrates the complexity of interpreting LWD acoustic images through multiple case studies. The examples were collected from vertical and horizontal wells in multiple shale plays in North America, with the images logged and processed by different service companies. Depending on the geology and borehole conditions, various features and artifacts were observed from the images, which can be used as a reference for geologists and petrophysicists. Images acquired with different drilling parameters were compared to show the effect of drilling conditions on image quality. Recommendations and best practices of using this new type of image log are also shared.
Construction Of Heritage Rights and Citizenship Status Differences in Indonesia
Authors: Subagiyo Dwi Tatak
Published: August 2021

The high mobility of the population from one country to another, contributes to citizenship transfer. Likewise, Indonesian Citizens (WNI) who, for reasons of education, employment, and other preferences, choose to become Foreign Citizens (foreigners). However, the transfer of citizenship does not necessarily eliminate the ties of blood with the family. For example, in Inheritance in the form of land, a Foreign Citizen, referred to as a WNA, can inherit land rights in Indonesia due to the first two things, a foreign citizen born because of a mixed marriage. And both foreign citizens as a result of naturalization can be understood as a change in the citizenship status of the Indonesian population. Therefore, Indonesia's current construction of inheritance rights within the framework of inheritance regulation (which is part of civil law) is still dualistic and pluralistic. This is inseparable from the legal history of the enactment of civil law in Indonesia.Keywords: Construction, Inheritance, Citizenship
Case Review of Surabaya District Court Decision No. 672/Pdt.G/2016/PN.Sby about Unlawful Sale and Purchase Agreement of Land and Building
Authors: Arghie Ramzi Maulana
Published: August 2021

The research, entitled Case Study of Surabaya District Court Decision No. 672/Pdt.G/2016/PN.Sby about Unlawful Sale and Purchase Agreement of Land and Building aims to find out whether or not Dirk Tatipata is said to have defaulted on the Sale and Purchase Agreement (PPJB) of land, which he did with Ronald Sanjaya, how the legal protection for Dirk Tatipata as the party who was harmed by the decision of the Surabaya District Court, This is normative legal research, Based on the results of the study, it can be concluded that legally, it is clear that Dirk Tatipata does not have high bargaining power and is a seller of land and buildings on Jl. Sleep No. 103 that has been done in front and signed by Notary Anita Lucia Kendarto, S.H., M.Kn. with several letters/deeds. Thus, legal resistance is still being carried out by carrying out a lawsuit in the land and building dispute case at the Surabaya District Court, and ending his defeat coupled with a penalty of trial fees and payment for his unlawful actions harmed Ronald Sanjaya as the legal owner of the land and buildingsKeywords: Agreement, Sale, and Purchase of Land and Buildings, Against the Law
Analysis of formal models for ensuring data integrity and their applicability to databases
Authors: Yesin V.I. , Rassomakhin S.G. , Vilihura V.V.
Published: August 2021

Information systems in general and databases in particular are vulnerable to accidental or malicious attacks aimed at compromising data integrity. Security is easier if you have a clear model that is the formal expression of security policy. The paper explores known security models related to data integrity, their applicability and significance for databases. The analysis of formal models for ensuring data integrity revealed that each of them, having certain advantages and disadvantages, has the right to use. The decisive factor in making a decision is an assessment of a specific situation, which will make it possible to make the right choice, including their complex application. In this regard, the paper notes that the Clark-Wilson model, the undoubted advantages of which are its simplicity and ease of joint use with other security models, is advisable to use as a set of practical recommendations for building an integrity assurance system in information systems. While stating the fact that traditional DBMSs support many of the mechanisms of the Clark-Wilson model, the article points out that implementations based on standard SQL require some compromise solutions. Analyzing the Biba model, the paper concludes about its relative simplicity and the use of a well-studied mathematical apparatus. It is noted that in practice, for the creation of secure information systems, as systems that ensure the confidentiality and data integrity, it is important to unite the Bell-LaPadula and Biba models. Moreover, this union should be on the basis of one common lattice, but with two security labels (confidentiality and integrity) with the opposite character of their definition. This is exactly the variant of combining the Bell-LaPadula and Biba models that is recommended for use in modern information systems and DBMSs, where a mandatory security policy is implemented.
Methods of Haemostasis and Restore of Bladder-urethral Segment During Retropubic Prostatectomy in Patients with Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia
Authors: Gorovyi Viktor , Shaprynskyi Volodymyr , Baralo Ihor , Kapshuk Oleh , Dubovyi Andrii , Mudrytskyi Volodymyr
Published: August 2021

The objective: to estimate methods of haemostasis and restore of bladder-urethral segment during retropubic prostatectomy in patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia.
Materials and methods. Analysis of methods of haemostasis and restore of bladder-urethral segment during retropubic prostatectomy in patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia was performed.
Results. Open retropubic prostatectomy (like transbladder prostatectomy) was recommended by European Association of Urology (EAU, 2020) as operation of first choice for surgical treatment big size prostatic hyperplasias.
The authors gave such prevalences of retropubic prostatectomy over trans-bladder: operation is performed under visual control that gives haemostatic control of prostatic cavity and removing all parts of nodules; the bladder is not drainaged that avoids disuria in postoperative period, decreases postoperative bed-time and increases comfort for patients; urethra is cut by scissor in apical part of prostate that is prophylaxis tearing of urethra, trauma of exernal sphincter, stricture of memranaceas urethra and urine incontinence after operation; reconstruction of bladder-urethral segment is performed that is prophylaxis of stricture of bladder neck; surgeon can performed simultaneous hernioplasty and retropubic prostatectomy in case of inquinal hernia and benign prostatic hyperplasia.
Arterial and venous blood supplying of bladder and enlarged prostate were wrote. Places of arterial and venous bleeding after cutting of prostatic capsule and removing nodules, prophylaxis suturing of arterial and venous bleeding places were noted. Original own methods of restoring of bladder-urethral segment and haemostasis of prostatic cavity by using two or three П-like catgut sutures were shown.
For simplifying operation and decreasing time of performing operation and increasing haemostasis of prostatic cavity authors recommended performing passing haemostatic sutures throught prostatic capsule only once and linking of sutures on muscle peaces from rectus muscle (or pyramidal muscle). In case of absent bleeding from prostatic cavity the simplify method of bladder neck trigonisation by using two П-like catgut sutures or two V-like catgut sutures on bladder neck for prophylaxis of bladder neck stenosis was recommended (proximal trigonisation of bladder neck in prostatic cavity). Review of haemostatic merhods of prostatic cavity during retropubic prostatectomy was shown.
Conclusion. Analysis of methods of haemostasis and restore of bladder-urethral segment and own original methods during retropubic prostatectomy in patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia allow improve haemostasis of prostatic cavity, prophylaxis of bladder neck and urethra stenosis, decrease intraoperative bleeding and period of operation.
Climate change risk assessment and adaptation for loss and damage of urban transportation infrastructure in Southeast Asia
Authors: Noi Lam Vu Thanh , Cooper Richard T. , Trang Dinh Thi Thuy , Minh Tran Quang , Huong Cao Thi Thu , Vin Spoann , Sitak Sath , Intharathirat Rotchana , Lertsahakul Jaranporn , Tinh Tran Thi
Published: August 2021

In Southeast Asia, climate change will potentially have negative consequences for urban transportation infrastructure (UTI). It is necessary to improve the understanding of climate change-associated loss and damage in relation to UTI to ensure the sustainability of existing transportation assets and for prioritizing future investments. However, there is currently limited knowledge on how to practically assess loss and damage for UTI in the context of climate change and then to incorporate appropriate adaptation measures and strategies to future-proof transportation planning. This study presents the results and experiences from assessing climate change-related loss and damage to UTI in six cities of Cambodia, Thailand and Vietnam. One pilot city from each country was selected for assessment by applying NK-GIAS software to determine loss and damage for urban roads. It was found that the six selected cities were highly vulnerable to climate change given their location and exposure to sea-level rise, storm surge, flooding, and salinity intrusion. Through analyses conducted using NK-GIAS software, economic losses for different flood scenarios were determined. The linkage between flooding and road damage was demonstrated, with maximum damage estimations under the most extreme flooding scenario of approximately 20 million USD for Hoi An, 3 million USD for Kampot and 21 million USD for Samut Sakhon, corresponding to water levels of 3.4 m, 4.0 m and 2.7 m respectively. Damage to the road network was identified as a key impact related to climate change. Further research is recommended to develop appropriate damage curves through laboratory analysis, addressing both flood depth and duration, to strengthen the NK-GIAS analyses undertaken in this study.
Pengenalan Pembelajaran Matematika oleh Orang Tua Anak Usia Dini di Masa Pandemi
Authors: Khasanah Berta Laili , Dimyati Dimyati
Published: August 2021

Dampak virus Corona (Covid-19) menjadikan sekolah tidak dibuka dan melakukan belajar dari rumah. Selama belajar dari rumah, keterlibatan orang tua menjadi sangat penting terutama dalam mengenalkan konsep matematika pada anak usia dini. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui upaya pengenalan pembelajaran matematika oleh orang tua anak usia dini di masa pandemi. Desain penelitian ini adalah kajian literatur. Pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui berbagai sumber baik buku, skripsi, thesis, disertasi, dan publikasi artikel jurnal. Berdasarkan hasil kajian literatur pengenalan pembelajaran matematika oleh orang tua sebaiknya dengan metode bermain dan menggunakan media benda hidup atau mati yang berada di sekolah, di rumah, di jalan maupun di sekitar lingkungan anak. Berbagai tips kegiatan belajar matematika dari rumah seperti menghitung benda konkret, mengulang dengan bernyanyi sambil berhitung, berhitung menyentuh benda, bermain peran, dan tebak angka. Dengan begitu, kemampuan matematika berupa menghitung, mengelompokkan, mengurutkan, membandingkan, dan konsep geometri dapat terstimulasi dengan baik dan anak tidak bosan.
Analisis Kegiatan Mendongeng dalam Meningkatkan Perkembangan Nilai Moral Anak Usia Dini
Authors: Gusmayanti Elsy , Dimyati Dimyati
Published: August 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis kegiatan mendongeng dalam meningkatkan perkembangan nilai moral anak usia dini. Diketahui bahwa daya imajinasi anak sedang berkembang, dan daya imajinasi inilah yang dimanfaatkan oleh pendidik maupun peneliti dalam meningkatkan nilai moral anak. Metode dalam penelitian ini pun menggunakan kajian literatur dengan menelaah 25 jurnal terkait kegiatan mendongeng dan peningkatan kemampuan moral anak usia dini. Berdasarkan hasil kajian literatur yang telah peneliti kaji, peneliti menemukan konsep dongeng yang sesuai seperti memiliki pesan dengan sifat cerita yang menyenangkan dan menghibur; mengandung nilai moral yang secara tidak langsung mampu mendidik anak; membuat anak fokus dan terlibat aktif; cerita harus memiliki sesuatu yang menarik rasa penasaran anak; bersifat santai; mengembangkan moral dan karakter anak; sesuai dengan umur dan perkembangan anak, dan memiliki literature yang kaya. Tidak monoton tentang satu tema saja. Adapun indikator yang menjadi tolak ukur dalam dongeng yang peneliti temukan anatara lain sabar, santun, jujur, mandiri, bertanggung jawab, percaya diri, peduli, dan sabar
Pelatihan “Great Mom Great Children” pada Ibu Muda Jalanan dalam Meningkatkan Ketrampilan Stimulasi Perkembangan Anak
Authors: Pranungsari Dessy , Tarnoto Nissa , Tentama Fatwa
Published: August 2021

Anak jalanan perempuan yang memiliki anak di usia muda kurang memiliki pengetahuan dan ketrampilan dalam menstimulasi perkembangan anak. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah meningkatkan ketrampilan stimulasi perkembangan pada ibu-ibu muda jalanan dengan memberikan perlakuan berupa pelatihan “Great Mom Great Children”. Subjek dalam penelitian ini adalah ibu merupakan anak jalanan yang tinggal di Yogyakarta, ibu muda yang berusia kurang dari 18 tahun saat memiliki anak, ibu yang memiliki anak atas kehamilan yang tidak dikehendaki, ibu memiliki anak berusia 0-5 tahun (anak usia dini), dan ibu mengasuh anaknya sendiri secara langsung. Desain eksperimen yang digunakan adalah untreated control group design with dependent pretest and posttest samples. Alat pengumpulan data menggunakan Kuisioner Pra Skrinning Perkembangan (KPSP). Hasil Uji Wilcoxon untuk menguji perbedaan tingkat ketrampilan stimulasi ibu-ibu muda jalanan antara sebelum (pretest) dan sesudah diberi perlakuan (posttest) menunjukkan adanya perbedaan yang signifikan anatara skor pretest dan postest. Hasil Uji Mann Whitney U-test diperoleh hasil rata-rata tingkat ketrampilan stimulasi kelompok eksperimen lebih tinggi daripada kelompok kontrol. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa metode pelatihan “Great Mom Great Children” efektif dalam meningkatkan ketrampilan stimulasi perkembangan anak pada ibu-ibu muda jalanan.