bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Appropriate Time Interval to Repeat Ambulatory Blood Pressure Monitoring in Patients With White-Coat Resistant Hypertension
Authors: Muxfeldt Elizabeth S. , Fiszman Roberto , de Souza Fabio , Viegas Bianca , Oliveira Fernanda C. , Salles Gil F.
Published: January 2012

Resistant hypertension is defined as uncontrolled office blood pressure, despite the use of ≥3 antihypertensive drugs. Ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM) is mandatory to diagnose 2 different groups, those with true and white-coat resistant hypertension. Patients are found to change categories between controlled/uncontrolled ambulatory pressures without changing their office blood pressures. In this way, ABPM should be periodically repeated. The aim of this study was to evaluate the most appropriate time interval to repeat ABPM to assure sustained blood pressure control in patients with white-coat resistant hypertension. This prospective study enrolled 198 patients (69% women; mean age: 68.9±9.9 years) diagnosed as white-coat resistant hypertension on ABPM. Patients were submitted to a second confirmatory examination 3 months later and repeated twice at 6-month intervals. Statistical analyses included Bland-Altman repeatability coefficients and multivariate logistic regression. Mean office blood pressure was 163±20/84±17 mm Hg, and mean 24-hour blood pressure was 118±8/66±7 mm Hg. White-coat resistant hypertension diagnosis presented a moderate reproducibility and was confirmed in 144 patients after 3 months. In the third and fourth ABPMs, 74% and 79% of patients sustained the diagnosis. In multivariate regression, a daytime systolic blood pressure ≤115 mm Hg in the confirmatory ABPM triplicated the chance of white-coat resistant hypertension status persistence after 1 year. In conclusion, a confirmatory ABPM is necessary after 3 months of the first white-coat–resistant hypertension diagnosis, and the procedure should be repeated at 6-month intervals, except in patients with daytime systolic blood pressure ≤115 mm Hg, in whom it may be repeated annually.
NOTES ON ISLAM AND DEVELOPMENT
Authors: Waardenburg Jacques , Waardenburg J.D.J.
Published: January 2012

In the present paper we are not concerned with a religious appreciation or a theological judgment of Islam, or parts of it. Our starting-point is that of the study of
religion, as carried out in history and phenomenology, in sociology and anthropology, in psychology or other disciplines like the study of literature, art and also economy. We are concerned with what Muslims believe about God and His revelation, but instead of giving an opinion we rather listen to what they say about Islam in a time of rapid change which affects all religions of mankind.

In these pages we shall deal, after a more general introduction about the Muslims' world (I), first with what Muslims have to say about their own development and some new interpretations of Islam which correspond with it (II). In the second place we shall take into consideration what some specialists have to say about the development of Muslim countries and the role of Islam therein (III).In both cases, of course, we shall have to restrict ourselves to examples referring to some specific countries. In the third place we shall deal with what Christians who are living together with Muslims in Third World countries have to say about "Islam and Development". On closer consideration, however, it became evident that hardly anything on this subject has been written by them, so that this section had to remain rather short (IV). The "Notes" end with some considerations on development and religion in general, including Islam and Christianity (V).
The Emergent European Model in Skill Formation
Authors: Powell Justin J.W. , Bernhard Nadine , Graf Lukas
Published: January 2012

Proposing an alternative to the American model, intergovernmental reform initiatives in Europe have developed and promote a comprehensive European model of skill formation. What ideals, standards, and governance are proposed in this new pan-European model? This model responds to heightened global competition among “knowledge societies” as it challenges national systems to improve. The authors thus compare this emergent European model with the historically influential models of Germany, France, Great Britain, and the United States. To what extent does the European model resemble these traditionally influential national models? The authors report findings of a theory-guided content analysis of official European policy documents in higher education and vocational training from 1998 to 2010. They find that while the European model is a bricolage that integrates diverse characteristics of influential models, the ambitious goals and standards codified in the twin Bologna and Copenhagen processes in higher education and vocational training offer a new model to compete internationally. Dozens of countries now seek to implement these principles. This comparative analysis finds different visions for the future of skill formation on both sides of the Atlantic.
Social Roles, Basic Need Satisfaction, and Psychological Health
Authors: Talley Amelia E. , Kocum Lucie , Schlegel Rebecca J. , Molix Lisa , Bettencourt B. Ann
Published: January 2012

The authors propose that competence need fulfillment within valued role domains (i.e., spouse, parent, worker) will account, in part, for associations between autonomy and relatedness need fulfillment and psychological health. Testing these assertions in cross-sectional and longitudinal surveys of women in two independent community samples, the findings are the first to formally examine whether the satisfaction of competence needs within social roles accounts for associations between other types of need satisfaction and affective outcomes as well as depressive symptomology. Evidence supporting the hypothesis was stronger when examining individuals’ affective health as compared to their depressive symptoms. Implications of the findings are discussed with regard to need fulfillment within social roles.
When Bias and Insecurity Promote Accuracy
Authors: Overall Nickola C. , Fletcher Garth J. O. , Kenny David A.
Published: January 2012

Heterosexual couples ( N = 57) discussed features about each other they wanted to change. During a review of their recorded discussions, for each 30 s of interaction, perceivers provided judgments of their partner’s regard, and partners reported their actual regard for the perceiver. The authors simultaneously assessed the extent to which perceivers’ over- or underestimated their partner’s regard (mean-level bias) and tracked their partner’s changing regard across the discussion (tracking accuracy). Perceivers on average tended to underestimate their partner’s regard (negative mean-level bias) but exhibited substantial tracking accuracy. Bias and accuracy were related; perceivers that were more negatively biased more accurately tracked changes in their partner’s regard. Women who were more insecure about their partner’s continued regard demonstrated more negative mean-level bias and greater tracking accuracy, whereas more secure women demonstrated more positive bias and lower accuracy. The results indicate that bias and accuracy are shaped by context-relevant goals and motives.
Social Dominance Orientation
Authors: Ho Arnold K. , Sidanius Jim , Pratto Felicia , Levin Shana , Thomsen Lotte , Kteily Nour , Sheehy-Skeffington Jennifer
Published: January 2012

Social dominance orientation (SDO) is one of the most powerful predictors of intergroup attitudes and behavior. Although SDO works well as a unitary construct, some analyses suggest it might consist of two complementary dimensions—SDO-Dominance (SDO-D), or the preference for some groups to dominate others, and SDO-Egalitarianism (SDO-E), a preference for nonegalitarian intergroup relations. Using seven samples from the United States and Israel, the authors confirm factor-analytic evidence and show predictive validity for both dimensions. In the United States, SDO-D was theorized and found to be more related to old-fashioned racism, zero-sum competition, and aggressive intergroup phenomena than SDO-E; SDO-E better predicted more subtle legitimizing ideologies, conservatism, and opposition to redistributive social policies. In a contentious hierarchical intergroup context (the Israeli–Palestinian context), SDO-D better predicted both conservatism and aggressive intergroup attitudes. Fundamentally, these analyses begin to establish the existence of complementary psychological orientations underlying the preference for group-based dominance and inequality.
Endometrial Stromal Polyps in Rodents: Biology, Etiology, and Relevance to Disease in Women
Authors: Davis Barbara
Published: January 2012

Endometrial stromal polyps (ESP) are a common spontaneous reproductive tract lesion in the female rat. However, there is limited information concerning the etiology, biology, and significance of these polyps as an end point in toxicology and carcinogenicity studies. This paper reviews relevant literature to address these aspects of ESP with respect to potential relevance to human uterine tumors. Endometrial stromal polyps in rodents appear as age-related lesions. There are only a few chemicals tested for carcinogenicity in rat and mouse cancer bioassays associated with increased incidence of ESP with no common characteristics or mechanism of action. Uterine endometrial polyps that occur in women and the uterine stromal polyps that occur in rodents have distinct characteristics, although both types of uterine lesions are common, benign, and noncancerous. Human endometrial polyps develop from both endometrial and stromal components, whereas rodent polyps develop from the stromal component of the uterus. Endometrial polyps in women are hormone sensitive, but there is no scientific or experimental evidence to date that suggests that uterine stromal polyps in rodents are hormone sensitive. Therefore, based on differences in their etiology and biology, endometrial stromal polyps observed in rodent toxicity and carcinogenicity studies appear to have limited relevance to human endometrial polyps occurring in women.
UNIMARC and linked data
Authors: Dunsire Gordon , Willer Mirna
Published: January 2012

The main objective of this paper is to present arguments for and recommendations to representing UNIMARC formats for bibliographic and authority data in RDF (Resource Description Framework), the W3C standard for structuring data in Semantic Web and Linked Data environment. This is a continuation of the work already started by IFLA’s respective groups in representing International Standard Bibliographic Description, and conceptual models Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records, Functional Requirements for Authority Data and Functional Requirements for Subject Authority Data. The authors highly recommend that the Permanent UNIMARC Committee propose to IFLA the funding of the development of UNIMARC representation in RDF as a research and development project.
UDC on the Internet: Theory and project in evolution for use of indexing and retrieval systems
Authors: Colillas Mariàngels Granados
Published: January 2012

The starting point of this article is to compare the features of faceted classification and ontologies with a re-evaluation of UDC (Universal Decimal Classification) as an analytico-synthetic classification system. We are therefore proposing a theory that was used as the basis of a project in the 1980s but which will imply an advance in the field of information retrieval in the future context of the Internet. This theory is based on the post-coordinated use of LCSH (Library of Congress Subject Headings) and the setting-up of their equivalence with UDC for indexing. The retrieval process is based on the generation of clusters characteristic of data mining and the linking of existing controlled vocabularies and free language in all languages with the corresponding UDC notations. This will be achieved by making UDC compatible with existing classifications, thus profiting from all the knowledge structured so far, thanks to the creation of a suitable format.
Methodologies for multilingual information integration in the domain of Chinese art
Authors: Chen Shu-jiun , Cheng Ching-ju , Chen Hsueh-hua
Published: January 2012

In this paper, we report on methodologies through the two multilingualized research projects. We discuss a proposed methodological framework for Chinese-English interoperability between the respective thesauri, including four main modules: Translation, Mapping, Localization, and Creation. We also discuss four steps involved in building English metadata: Mapping, Selection, Translation, and Control Vocabulary. In addition, the paper also looks into key issues faced by the two projects, including the varying degrees of semantic equivalence between Chinese and English terms, metadata translation, and metadata quality.
Forensic Aspects of Drug-Induced Violence
Authors: Anderson Peter D. , Bokor Gyula
Published: January 2012

Violence is unfortunately a part of society. The causes of violence are not completely understood, but it involves sociological, genetic, financial, biological, and environmental factors. Drugs can cause aggression by altering the neurotransmitters dopamine, norepinephrine, gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), and serotonin. Specific drugs associated with aggression include alcohol, anabolic steroids, cocaine, amphetamines, sedatives, opiates, and hallucinogens. Aggression can be categorized into impulsive and predatory aggression. Drugs under certain conditions cause impulsive aggression. Sometimes a defense in criminal cases is that the drug caused the violence, that is drug-induced insanity. A case of insanity is more likely to be accepted if the event was unplanned and had no apparent motive. An acceptance of insanity by voluntary intoxication is rarely accepted by the criminal justice system. A more common legal strategy is to seek diminished capacity which aims to obtain a reduction in the severity of the criminal charges. We will discuss some, but not all of the pharmacological and physiological issues relating to drug-induced violence. Then some of the “big picture” forensic issues will be presented. Our goal is to present a primer on the pharmacological and forensic issues relating to drug-induced violence. No attempt was made to provide a comprehensive review of all the literature related to drug-induced violence.
Loaded tooth contact analysis of orthogonal face-gear drives
Authors: Wang Yan-zhong , Wu Can-hui , Gong Kang , Wang Shu , Zhao Xing-fu , Lv Qing-jun
Published: January 2012

In order to analyze the transmission performance of face-gear in real working condition, a calculational approach for load equivalent error of alignment has been investigated with the purpose of analyzing the support system and tooth deformation of face-gear drives. Then, the equations of contact path of loaded tooth contact analysis have been established based on load equivalent error of alignment. For the purpose of analyzing the bearing contact, the curvatures of face-gear and pinion have been presented. Tooth contact deformation and bending deformation have been developed using elasticity and three-dimensional FEA. Loaded tooth contact analysis and contact stress have been considered to simulate the contact and meshing of the gear tooth surfaces and to calculate the evolution of load distribution, bearing contact, transmission errors, and contact stresses of the gear drive along the cycle of meshing. The performed research proves that the proposed loaded tooth contact analysis method can effectively solve the meshing characteristic problem of face-gear drives system. The results are illustrated with numerical examples.
Register control of roll-to-roll gravure-offset printing equipment considering time difference between measurement and actuation
Authors: Kim Chung Hwan , You Ha-Il , Lee Seung-Hyun
Published: January 2012

The manufacture of printed electronics by roll-to-roll printing machine requires more accurate register performance than conventional media printing technology. Moreover, high drying temperature and long drying time to sinter the inks can induce the substantial changes in the length of the substrate and consequently register errors. Among the roll-to-roll printing methods, the gravure one, despite its relatively fast productivity and fine-line printing capacity, has difficulty in achieving the required register specifications for printed electronics because of the dependence of the register control on web dynamics. This study proposes a roll-to-roll gravure-offset printing equipment, including the register measurement system designed to enhance register performance and the related register control method for the application of printed electronics. Each cylinder constituting the printing unit is driven independently by an individual servomotor. Moreover, the printing patterns of the plate cylinder can move in the axial direction by position control, as well as in the web transport direction by a phase shift of the plate cylinder, without affecting the dynamics of the web. The time difference between the measurement and the actual control action is considered and modeled. The register measurement system, including selections of sensors and marks is also proposed to consider the effect of the time difference. The simulation results and the experiments of the register control are shown to verify the effect of the time difference on the control performances. It is found that a proper estimation of time difference should be obtained in order to guarantee more accurate and stable control performances.
From Idea to Action
Authors: Lavine Marc H. , Roussin Christopher J.
Published: January 2012

The authors describe a semester-long action-learning project where undergraduate or graduate management students learn about ethics, responsibility, and organizational behavior by examining the policy of their college or university that addresses academic integrity. Working in teams, students adopt a stakeholder management approach as they make recommendations for improvements to their school’s academic integrity policy, its dissemination and enforcement. The authors detail their efforts facilitating this project at three universities. As students examine how an ethical conduct policy informs and is informed by individual and organizational behaviors, they come to more deeply understand the social processes through which all manner of responsibility-promoting outcomes are enacted. The approach to learning described in this project promotes students’ internalization of ethical principles and accountability for responsible behavior that is consonant with the core aims and principles of responsible management education.
Correlation Between In Silico Physicochemical Characteristics of Drugs and Their Mean Residence Time in Human and Dog
Authors: Grabowski Tomasz , Jaroszewski Jerzy Jan , Gad Shayne Cox , Feder Marcin
Published: January 2012

The correlation between 52 physicochemical parameters and mean residence time (MRT) for 27 drugs used in human and dog were investigated. The physicochemical parameter values calculated provided a basis for deriving a series of arithmetic expressions, which were used to build a mathematical model describing the relationship between them and the MRT values. From the entire set of analyzed parameters, a subset of 14 was identified that contributed to the derivation of an arithmetic expression:

[Formula: see text]

the value of which is highly correlated with the MRT value in dogs ( P < .001) and allowed prediction of the MRT predicted (MRT(pred)). In humans, no correlation was found that allowed the calculation of MRT(pred). These results indicate that predicting the pharmacokinetics of any specific drug for humans based on pharmacokinetic data obtained in the dog should be undertaken with knowledge of the inherent limitations.
Insulin Glargine: A Reevaluation of Rodent Carcinogenicity Findings
Authors: Stammberger Ingo , Essermeant Luc
Published: January 2012

The 1995 to 1997 lifetime carcinogenicity studies of insulin glargine in rats and mice were reanalyzed and reassessed for their validity according to current guidelines. In 2-year studies, 50 animals per sex and per group were used. Survival rates between weeks 80 and 90 in female mice and rats were greater than 20 animals in all groups, fulfilling current Food and Drug Administration requirements that enough animals lived long enough to provide adequate exposure to glargine and to be at risk of forming late-developing tumors. Exposure to 5 or 12.5 IU/kg glargine was similar to or 2 to 3 times greater than 5 IU/kg neutral protamine Hagedorn insulin, respectively. Using statistical methods recommended by current guidelines, no significant effect of glargine on mammary gland neoplastic lesions in female rodents was found, confirming earlier results. Thus, both studies can be considered valid according to contemporary standards. Insulin glargine does not present a carcinogenic risk.
Additives for lubricants containing poly(tetrafluoroethylene). Part 2: Tribological characterization
Authors: Hoffmann T , Lehmann D , Schäffler M
Published: January 2012

This article describes the tribological characterization of dispersions consisting of irradiated poly(tetrafluoroethylene) (PTFE) micropowder (Zonyl® MP1100) and an ester oil (Synative ES TMP 05).

A series of PTFE/oil dispersions were prepared with different amounts of PTFE micropowder (10–25 wt%) to study the influence of the PTFE in these dispersions on their tribological properties. The PTFE/oil dispersion with 10 wt% PTFE micropowder was additionally synthesized in the presence of two additives which are derived from phosphoric acid to study the influence on the tribological properties. In addition, a physical mixture of the ester oil and the PTFE micropowder was prepared to illustrate the impact of the chemical coupling reaction with regard to the tribological properties.

A higher concentration of PTFE micropowder more clearly reduces the coefficient of friction in the ester oil. Low coefficient of friction and transition values from static to dynamic friction were observed. The resistance to wear was increased with the amount of PTFE micropowder in the dispersions and clearly reflects the difference between chemical coupling and physical mixture of the components.
Intraosseous vascular access: A review
Authors: Paxton James H
Published: January 2012

Intraosseous cannulation is an increasingly common means of achieving vascular access for the administration of fluids and medications during the emergent resuscitation of both paediatric and adult patients. Improved tools and techniques for intraosseous vascular access have recently been developed, enabling the healthcare provider to choose from a wide range of devices and insertion sites. Despite its increasing popularity within the adult population, and decades of use in the paediatric population, questions remain regarding the safety and efficacy of intraosseous infusion. Although various potential complications of intraosseous cannulation have been theorized, few serious complications have been reported. This article aims to provide a review of the current literature on intraosseous vascular access, including discussion on the various intraosseous devices currently available in the market, the advantages and disadvantages of intraosseous access compared to conventional vascular access methods, complications of intraosseous cannulation and current recommendations on the use of this approach.
Monitoring and interpreting compartment pressures in acute compartment syndrome
Authors: Barker Tom , Midwinter Mark , Porter Keith
Published: January 2012

Continuous compartment pressure monitoring, for acute compartment syndrome, remains an infrequently performed procedure despite the potential benefits some patients may derive from it. This state of affairs may, in part, be attributed to a lack of clinician awareness of an easy and cheap system by which compartment pressures can be monitored. In this article, we describe a simple pressure monitoring set-up that we have successfully employed in a variety of trauma patients, and how we believe the measurements obtained from it can be best interpreted to assist in the diagnosis of compartment syndrome.
Predictive capabilities of the MADYMO multibody pedestrian model: Three-dimensional head translation and rotation, head impact time and head impact velocity
Authors: Elliott JR , Lyons M , Kerrigan J , Wood DP , Simms CK
Published: January 2012

Road traffic injuries could become the fifth leading cause of death globally by 2030 unless appropriate countermeasures are taken. Reliable reconstruction of collisions is essential for understanding and hence reducing the injuries sustained by pedestrians. The significant influence of vehicle speed, pedestrian speed and pedestrian gait on pedestrian transverse motion and rotation about the longitudinal axis has been qualitatively noted in the literature, but there has been no quantitative approach to this problem. The MADYMO multibody pedestrian model is widely used for collision reconstruction, but its validation to date mostly remains limited to body segment trajectories in the vertical plane along the direction of vehicle travel. In this article, the MADYMO pedestrian model is compared to staged tests and a real collision in terms of head trajectory, longitudinal and transverse head translations relative to the primary contact location of the pedestrian on the vehicle, impact location on the head (and hence longitudinal rotation of the body), head impact time and head impact velocity. It is shown that the model can reproduce staged cadaver and dummy tests in terms of head trajectory (mostly within 10%), longitudinal head translation (within 17%), transverse translation (two cases: errors of 0% and 19%), impact location on the head (within 45° in the majority of cases), head impact time (mean difference of 8.7 ms) and head impact velocity (mean difference of 1.8 m/s). A sensitivity analysis showed that the model is largely unaffected by changes in vehicle stiffness and vehicle–pedestrian friction, while variations in the pedestrian stance and the height of the vehicle front have a considerable effect on the kinematics of a collision. This is the first time that the MADYMO pedestrian model has been evaluated with regard to transverse motion and longitudinal rotation of the pedestrian. The results presented here mean that the MADYMO model is appropriate for further analysis of the influence of gait on pedestrian post-impact kinematics.
Quantitative PCR-based genome size estimation of the astigmatid mites Sarcoptes scabiei, Psoroptes ovis and Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus
Authors: Mounsey Kate E , Willis Charlene , Burgess Stewart TG , Holt Deborah C , McCarthy James , Fischer Katja
Published: January 2012

Background

The lack of genomic data available for mites limits our understanding of their biology. Evolving high-throughput sequencing technologies promise to deliver rapid advances in this area, however, estimates of genome size are initially required to ensure sufficient coverage.

Methods

Quantitative real-time PCR was used to estimate the genome sizes of the burrowing ectoparasitic mite Sarcoptes scabiei, the non-burrowing ectoparasitic mite Psoroptes ovis, and the free-living house dust mite Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus. Additionally, the chromosome number of S. scabiei was determined by chromosomal spreads of embryonic cells derived from single eggs.

Results

S. scabiei cells were shown to contain 17 or 18 small (< 2 μM) chromosomes, suggesting an XO sex-determination mechanism. The average estimated genome sizes of S. scabiei and P. ovis were 96 (± 7) Mb and 86 (± 2) Mb respectively, among the smallest arthropod genomes reported to date. The D. pteronyssinus genome was estimated to be larger than its parasitic counterparts, at 151 Mb in female mites and 218 Mb in male mites.

Conclusions

This data provides a starting point for understanding the genetic organisation and evolution of these astigmatid mites, informing future sequencing projects. A comparitive genomic approach including these three closely related mites is likely to reveal key insights on mite biology, parasitic adaptations and immune evasion.
Real-time PCR of the mammalian hydroxymethylbilane synthase (HMBS) gene for analysis of flea (Ctenocephalides felis) feeding patterns on dogs
Authors: Wang Chengming , Mount Jane , Butler Jamie , Gao Dongya , Jung Euisun , Blagburn Byron L , Kaltenboeck Bernhard
Published: January 2012

Background

Precise data on quantitative kinetics of blood feeding of fleas, particularly immediately after contact with the host, are essential for understanding dynamics of flea-borne disease transmission and for evaluating flea control strategies. Standard methods used are inadequate for studies that simulate early events after real-life flea access to the host.

Methods

Here, we developed a novel quantitative polymerase chain reaction targeting mammalian DNA within fleas to quantify blood consumption with high sensitivity and specificity. We used primers and fluorescent probes that amplify the hydroxymethylbilane synthase (HMBS) gene, an evolutionary divergent gene that is unlikely to be detected in insects by mammalian-specific primers and probes. To validate this assay, fleas were placed on dogs, allowed to distribute in the hair, and removed at specific time points with single-use combs. Fleas were then immediately homogenized by vigorous shaking with ceramic beads in guanidinium-based DNA preservation buffer for DNA extraction.

Results

The specificity of this assay was ascertained by amplification of canine, feline and equine blood with differential product melting temperatures (T
m), and lack of amplification of bovine and porcine blood and of adult fleas reared from larvae fed with bovine blood. Sensitivity of the assay was established by limiting dilution and detection of single copies of HMBS DNA equivalent to 0.043 nL blood. Application of the assay indicated that after 15 minutes on a dog, male and female fleas had ingested low, but similar amounts of approximately 1.1. nL blood. Saturation uptake of 118 and 100 nL blood per flea was found at 30 and 60 min on the dog, respectively.

Conclusions

The HMBS PCR method developed here offers the advantages of both exquisite sensitivity and specificity that make it superior to other approaches for quantification of blood ingested by fleas. The capability to detect minute quantities of blood in single fleas, particularly immediately after colonization of the host, will provide a superior tool for studying flea-host interactions, flea-borne disease transmission, and flea control strategies.
The 39th David A. Karnofsky Lecture: Bench-to-Bedside Translation of Targeted Therapies in Multiple Myeloma
Authors: Anderson Kenneth C.
Published: January 2012

Multiple myeloma (MM) is a remarkable example of rapid bench-to-bedside translation in new drug development. The proteasome inhibitor bortezomib and immunomodulatory drug lenalidomide targeted MM cells in the bone marrow (BM) microenvironment to overcome conventional drug resistance in laboratory and animal models and were rapidly translated into clinical trials demonstrating their efficacy in patients with relapsed and then newly diagnosed MM, with a doubling of the median survival as a direct result. The future is even brighter. First, immune-based therapies are being developed (eg, elotuzumab monoclonal antibody [MoAb]; CD138DM immunotoxin; MM cell–dendritic cell vaccines; CD138, CS-1, and XBP-1 peptide vaccines; anti-17 MoAb; and other treatments to overcome causes of immune dysfunction). Second, promising next-generation agents target the MM cell in its microenvironment (eg, deubiquitinating enzyme inhibitors; chymotryptic [carfilzomib, Onyx 0912, MLN 9708] and broader [NPI-0052] proteasome inhibitors; immunoproteasome inhibitors; and pomalidamide). Moreover, agents targeting bone biology (eg, zoledronic acid, anti–DKK-1 MoAb, anti–B-cell activating factor MoAb and bortezomib, Btk inhibitor) show promise not only in preserving bone integrity but also against MM. Third, rationally based combination therapies, including bortezomib with Akt, mammalian target of rapamycin, or histone deacetylase inhibitors, are active even in bortezomib-refractory MM. Finally, genomics is currently being used in the definition of MM heterogeneity, new target discovery, and development of personalized therapy. Myeloma therefore represents a paradigm for targeting the tumor in its microenvironment, which has already markedly improved patient outcome in MM and has great potential in other hematologic malignancies and solid tumors as well.
Pretreatment Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) T790M Mutation Predicts Shorter EGFR Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor Response Duration in Patients With Non–Small-Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Su Kang-Yi , Chen Hsuan-Yu , Li Ker-Chau , Kuo Min-Liang , Yang James Chih-Hsin , Chan Wing-Kai , Ho Bing-Ching , Chang Gee-Chen , Shih Jin-Yuan , Yu Sung-Liang , Yang Pan-Chyr
Published: January 2012

Purpose

Patients with non–small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)–activating mutations have excellent response to EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs), but T790M mutation accounts for most TKI drug resistance. This study used highly sensitive methods to detect T790M before and after TKI therapy and investigated the association of T790M and its mutation frequencies with clinical outcome.

Patients and Methods

Direct sequencing, matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization–time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) and next-generation sequencing (NGS) were used to assess T790M in the following two cohorts of patients with NSCLC: TKI-naive patients (n = 107) and TKI-treated patients (n = 85). Results were correlated with TKI treatment response and survival.

Results

MALDI-TOF MS was highly sensitive in detecting and quantifying the frequency of EGFR-activating mutations and T790M (detection limits, 0.4% to 2.2%). MALDI-TOF MS identified more T790M than direct sequencing in TKI-naive patients with NSCLC (27 of 107 patients, 25.2% v three of 107 patients, 2.8%, respectively; P < .001) and in TKI-treated patients (before TKI: 23 of 73 patients, 31.5% v two of 73 patients, 2.7%, respectively; P < .001; and after TKI: 10 of 12 patients, 83.3% v four of 12 patients, 33.3%, respectively; P = .0143). The EGFR mutations and their frequencies were confirmed by NGS. T790M was an independent predictor of decreased progression-free survival (PFS) in patients with NSCLC who received TKI treatment (P < .05, multivariate Cox regression).

Conclusion

T790M may not be a rare event before or after TKI therapy in patients with NSCLC with EGFR-activating mutations. The pretreatment T790M mutation was associated with shorter PFS with EGFR TKI therapy in patients with NSCLC.
Health-Related Quality of Life Among 5-Year Survivors of Esophageal Cancer Surgery: A Prospective Population-Based Study
Authors: Derogar Maryam , Lagergren Pernilla
Published: January 2012

Purpose

To clarify whether health-related quality of life (HRQL) can be restored in 5-year survivors of esophageal cancer surgery.

Patients and Methods

The nationwide Swedish prospective and population-based cohort for this study consisted of patients with esophageal cancer who were treated surgically between 2001 and 2005 and were alive 5 years after surgery. The European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire C30 (EORTC QLQ-C30) and EORTC QLQ-OES18 (the disease site–specific module for esophageal cancer) were used to assess HRQL 6 months, 3 years, and 5 years postoperatively. Paired t tests were used to evaluate changes in HRQL over time. Patients' HRQL was classified as improved, stable, or deteriorated. Multivariable linear regression was used to calculate mean score difference in HRQL with 95% CIs between patients and a background population according to HRQL category.

Results

Among 153 eligible patients alive after 5 years, 117 (76%) answered all HRQL assessments. Among a random sample of 6,969 Swedish adults representing the corresponding background population, 4,910 (70.5%) participated. For most patients, HRQL remained stable or improved over time, and their HRQL was comparable to that of the background population. Patients who deteriorated over time reported large and clinically significant mean score differences for all measures. For example, 5 years after surgery, physical function was stable or improved in 86% of patients and their mean score (87) was similar to that of the background population (88), but the 14% who deteriorated had a substantially lower mean score of 56.

Conclusion

HRQL recovers to a level comparable to that in the background population in most patients who survive 5 years after esophagectomy for cancer, although a subgroup of patients has substantially worse HRQL.
Selling Celebrity: Actors’ Portraits in Bell’s Shakespeare and Bell’s British Theatre
Authors: Gollapudi Aparna
Published: January 2012

In the last quarter of the eighteenth century, John Bell commissioned hundreds of actor portraits in dramatic roles, which were published as book illustrations in the series Bell’s Shakespeare and Bell’s British Theatre. These portraits contributed significantly to the emergent culture of theatrical celebrity. While paintings and engraved prints of actors mostly peddled a mode of celebrity that was sustained by audience applause within the theater walls, Bell’s illustrations created a parallel visibility for the performers outside the theater, which was only tenuously and unevenly associated with their stage celebrity. The performers’ images circulating through Bell’s books realigned the contours of the late eighteenth-century market for theatrical celebrity.
A Facile Fabrication of VO2(A) Micro-nanostructures with Controlled Shape and Its Electrochemical Behavior in Lithium Ion Batteries
Authors: Zhang Wanqun , Shi Lei , Tang Kaibin , Yu Yang
Published: January 2012

VO2(A) micro-nanostructures have been synthesized via a facile hydrothermal method by hydrolysis of oxidovandium(2+) ethylene glycolate in malonic acid solution. The novel morphologies of VO2(A) could be readily tuned by altering the concentrations of malonic acid and reaction temperature. It is revealed that malonic acid played an important role as a structure directing agent helping the alternative formation of VO2(A). Furthermore, their electrochemical properties were investigated, which reveal that the as-prepared VO2(A) nanorods exhibit a relatively higher first discharge capacity than other VO2(A) morphologies.
A mer-Triaqua Rh Complex with a Terpyridine Ligand
Authors: Inoki Daisuke , Matsumoto Takahiro , Nakai Hidetaka , Ogo Seiji
Published: January 2012

We report the synthesis of a mer-triaqua RhIII complex using terpyridine as a meridional tridentate ligand. This is the first example of a structurally characterized six-coordinated mer-triaqua complex for any second- or third-row element from the main transition-metal groups (groups 5–11). This is also the first example of a structurally characterized mer-triaqua complex with terpyridine for any transition metal. Acid dissociation constants, pKa1 and pKa2, of the triaqua complex are determined to be 3.0 and 6.9, respectively.
Excitation Energy Transfer from Quantum Dots to Porphyrin J-aggregates in Hybrid Langmuir–Blodgett Multilayers
Authors: Wang Haibin , Nakazaki Jotaro , Kubo Takaya , Segawa Hiroshi
Published: January 2012

The distance dependence of the energy-transfer efficiency from a semiconductor quantum dot (QD) layer to a porphyrin J-aggregate layer was investigated using a series of hybridized Langmuir–Blodgett multilayers, where long-range resonance energy transfer with the energy-transfer characteristic length of 13.8 ± 0.6 nm was observed.
Carbon Dioxide Adsorption Properties in Ion-exchanged Zeolites Rho
Authors: Araki Sadao , Kiyohara Yasato , Tanaka Shunsuke , Miyake Yoshikazu
Published: January 2012

The carbon dioxide adsorption properties of zeolite Rho materials, containing various exchangeable cations have been investigated. All carbon dioxide adsorption properties were measured at a temperature of 25 °C over a pressure range of 0–100 kPa. The results show that the carbon adsorption properties are dependent on the cations present. The highest amount of CO2 absorbed, measured at 4.0 mmol g−1, was obtained for a proton-exchanged zeolite Rho (HRho), which was prepared by the calcination of NH4+-exchanged zeolite Rho at 350 °C.
A Microwave-assisted Deconjugative Esterification of α,β-Unsaturated Carboxylic Acids through α,β-Unsaturated Ketene Intermediates
Authors: Sano Shigeki , Ichikawa Takashi , Nakao Michiyasu , Nagao Yoshimitsu
Published: January 2012

A facile synthetic approach to β,γ-unsaturated esters by deconjugative esterification of α,β-unsaturated carboxylic acids with alcohols in the presence of 1,3-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC), Me3N·HCl, and Me2NEt is described. The one-pot synthesis was effectively improved under microwave irradiation.
Dynamic [2]Catenation of Pd(II) Self-assembled Macrocycles in Water
Authors: Lim Choon Woo , Kim Tae Woo
Published: January 2012

A catenated structure is formed through dynamic self-assembly of 1,3-bis(4-pyridyloxy)propane and cis-protected Pd(II) metal with ethylenediamine in water. 1H NMR spectra have revealed that the formation of [2]catenane is dependent on the concentration of macrocyclic ring. We have performed the structural analysis of macrocyclic ring and [2]catenane using H–H COSY and ESI MS. The dynamic process of the catenation has been elucidated by van’t Hoff plot and the formation of [2]catenane is enthalpically favored in D2O, strongly suggesting the hydrophobic interactions for the formation of [2]catenane. Diffusion-ordered NMR spectroscopy (DOSY) distinguishes between dinuclear self-assembled macrocyclic ring and [2]catenane, indicating that [2]catenanes diffuse slower than macrocyclic rings in D2O.
A Novel and Efficient Method for the Preparation of Unstable Tetramethylzirconium and Its Application Using a Microflow System
Authors: Uehata Koji , Nishida Mayumi , Nishida Atsushi
Published: January 2012

We have developed a novel and efficient method for the preparation of unstable tetramethylzirconium and its application to the synthesis of tetrakis(N-methylethylamido)zirconium and dimethylbis(indenyl)zirconium using a microflow system.
Graphene Oxide-terminated Partially Fluorinated Poly(arylene ether sulfone)
Authors: Lee Jung-Soo , Yoon Jong-Chul , Thiyagarajan Pradheep , Jang Ji-Hyun
Published: January 2012

Graphene oxide-terminated partially fluorinated poly(arylene ether sulfone) (GO-PAES) was synthesized via step growth polymerization with graphene oxide. A small amount of graphene oxide was incorporated into the polymer matrix to enhance the properties of the polymer/GO composites. The chemical structures of the synthesized copolymers containing graphene oxide were confirmed by 1H NMR and FT-IR spectra. The thermal properties of GO-PAES analyzed by TGA and DSC were significantly improved due to the thermal stability of graphene oxide.
A Novel Preparative Method of Silica Nanotubes by Utilizing Self-assembly and Disassembly of Peptide Amphiphiles
Authors: Shimada Tomoko , Tamura Yasuhiro , Tirrell Matthew , Kuroda Kazuyuki
Published: January 2012

The addition of 2,2,2-trifluoroethanol (TFE) induces both the transition from β-sheet to α-helix structure of peptides and disassembly of wormlike micelles of peptide amphiphiles. The hierarchical structural changes were utilized for the preparation of silica nanotubes from silica-micelle complexes with avoiding structural deterioration that is normally caused by thermal treatment. This method is advantageous for the preparation of silica nanotubes because of reusability of peptide templates, possible replication of the surface of β-sheet structure, and very mild conditions.
Interactions of the Rare Earth Elements–Desferrioxamine B Complexes with Pseudomonas fluorescens and γ-Al2O3
Authors: Ohnuki Toshihiko , Yoshida Takahiro
Published: January 2012

We have studied the interactions of REEs (La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, and Er)–desferrioxamine B (DFO) complexes with Pseudomonas fluorescens cells and with γ-Al2O3, at pH 4–9. Higher adsorption of REEs was obtained at lower pHs on P. fluorescens cells and at higher pHs on γ-Al2O3. The degree of negative anomaly of Ce compared to its neighboring REEs, La(III) and Pr(III) increased with increasing pH. XAFS analysis showed that Ce exists as the Ce(IV)–DFO complex in pH higher than 6. Thus, the pH dependence of Ce anomaly is predominantly dependent on the stability of Ce(IV)–DFO complex.
Nickel(II) Ion Adsorption onto Activated Carbon. Relationship between Physicochemical Properties and Adsorption Capacity
Authors: Rodríguez-Estupiñán Paola , Giraldo Liliana , Moreno-Piraján Juan Carlos
Published: January 2012

The adsorption of nickel(II) ions from aqueous solution onto various forms of granular activated carbon, GAC, has been studied. Thus, GAC was heat-treated at 900 °C (GAC 900), oxidized with HNO3 (GACox), and this material subsequently heat-treated in an inert atmosphere at 450 °C and 750 °C (GACox 450 and GACox 750), all with the objective of changing the total acidity of the samples and demonstrating its influence on the adsorption capacity. The solids were characterized by N2 and CO2 adsorption isotherms from which the micropore volumes and surface areas were calculated — the latter being between 816 and 935 m2/g. In addition, some chemical characteristics such as the pH of the point of zero charge, the total acidity and basicity were examined, while immersion calorimetric studies in water were undertaken.

The experimental results showed that the quantity of nickel(II) ions adsorbed onto the various GAC samples followed the order: GACox < GAC < GACox 450 < GACox 750 > GAC 900, indicating that the adsorption capacity depended largely on the surface acidity of the solid samples.
uCampus: Can an Open Source 3D Interactive Virtual Campus Modelling Platform Support Institutional Learning and Innovation?
Authors: Peng Chengzhi
Published: January 2012

This paper reports and reflects on the key findings from the UK JISC funded weCAMP-uCampus project undertaken at the University of Sheffield in which a Web-based 3D interactive campus visualization modelling platform was developed and deployed using the latest Java and XML-based open source technologies. The project evolved rapidly along three strands of development on software design, content generation, and user/stakeholder engagement. One of the key outcomes is a novel approach to visualising large complex datasets in conjunction with multi-scale and multi-layered 3D campus modelling. To test the adaptability of uCampus, the Augustine House Experiment was later carried out in collaboration with the iBorrow project based at the Canterbury Christ Church University campus. The question on the prospect of uCampus to support learning and innovation at an institutional level is discussed by revisiting the earlier works of the Oregon Experiment and the Seeding-Reseeding Meta-Design Framework.