bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The online major-related nursing home volunteering in nursing students and its effects on attitudes toward dementia
Authors:   Form of Public Safety and Culture, Cho Su Mi
Published: February 2023

The purposes of this study were to introduce a case of online major-related nursing home volunteering during the COVID-19 Pandemic because face-to-face volunteer work was difficult, and also to identify the effects on improving attitudes toward dementia among nursing students.
This study adopted a single group pre and post-test, a quasi-experimental design. The participants, third-year nursing students, had the Dementia Partner online education and were given orientation on the cognitive enhancement activities program. The participants planned a cognitive enhancement activities program for the elderly in nursing homes. Also they made a video clip to let the elderly know how to conduct the programs. The elderly in nursing home participated in the cognitive enhancement program together with the caregiver while watching the video clip made by nursing students. To identify the effect of the online major-related nursing home volunteering, attitudes toward dementia of students were measured before, and a month after the volunteering.
The mean scores of attitudes toward dementia measured after the online major-related nursing home volunteering were significantly improved compared to the baseline. By subcategory, it was identified that the score of ‘social comfort’ related to behaviors and feelings of comfort around people with dementia increased significantly. However, there was no significant change in ‘dementia knowledge’.
This study introduced specifically the case of online major-related nursing home volunteering during the COVID-19 pandemic and confirmed there was effects on improving attitudes toward dementia of nursing students even though online volunteering. The education and experience of dementia could make professionals who will care for dementia patients in the future have a positive attitude toward dementia. As a result, it could play an important role in providing quality and safe services to people with dementia. The results of this study could provide a fundamental and practical strategy for online volunteering to contribute to solving social problems in the situation when online volunteering increases in quantity.
A Study on the Legal and Policy Measuresfor Ensuring School Safety: Focusing on the laws and systems for preventing school safety accidents
Authors:   Form of Public Safety and Culture, Kang Won Ok
Published: February 2023

Recent student safety awareness Absence and safety frigidity, due to the aging of school facilities Due to neglect of safety management Safety accidents are occurring frequently. There are laws related to school safety to ensure school safety, It is judged that the legal and policy measures are insufficient or ineffective.
Therefore this study analyzes domestic related laws and foreign cases to ensure school safety, based on, this the purpose of this study is to present legal and institutional problems and solutions.
For this study, Domestic and foreign government policy data,∨research report, A review of prior research by the Ministry of Education and the School Safety Mutual Aid Association, the relevant laws, a literature survey, Using literature review such as Internet search data, Legal and policy measures were sought to ensure school safety. The implications of this study are that, to secure school safety, Substantialization To secure school safety, Efficient operation of school safety protection zones around schools under each Act, Sanctions for violations of school safety education obligations and safety measures obligations, It will be said that it is the establishment of an institutional plan for violations of regulations related to school safety education.
EFISIENSI PENURUNAN TURBIDITAS PADA PENGOLAHAN AIR DENGAN METODE JAR TES
Authors: Dianpalupidewi Tri
Published: February 2023

Pengolahan air merupakan suatu usaha untuk mempebaiki kualitas dari air baku. Salah satu parameter ujinya adalah turbiditas atau kekeruhan. Metode pengujian yang digunakan adalah dengan Jar Test. Koagulan yang digunakan adalah Al2(SO4)3 dan FeCl3 dengan konsentrasi 10.000 ppm. Dosis penambahan koagulan yang digunakan bervariasi yaitu 40, 50, 60, 70, dan 80 ppm. Selain itu dibandingkan juga efisiensi penurunan turbiditasnya dari proses yang yang menggunakan perlakuan prasedimen dengan yang tanpa prasedimen. Berdasarkan hasil yang diperoleh, dapat diketahui bahwa semakin tinggi dosis koagulan maka semakin tinggi % efisiensi penurunan turbiditasnya. Hasil terbaik diperoleh pada penggunaan koagulan FeCl3 dengan dosis 80 ppm dan tanpa perlakuan prasedimentasi.
Kata kunci: Turbiditas, Jar Test, Koagulan
INTEGRASI POST MORTEM SUMUR DENGAN BASIN MODELING DI LAPANGAN AMIGOS CEKUNGAN BINTUNI
Authors: Fianita Setia Putri Rinda , Syarifah Intan , Utomo Warto
Published: February 2023

Cekungan Bintuni adalah salah satu cekungan utama di Kawasan Indonesia Timur yang dieksplorasi sejak 1939 dengan hasil discovery well dan dry hole. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui waktu matang batuan induk dan faktor penyebab dry hole dengan melakukan basin modeling dan analisis post mortem di Lapangan Amigos, Cekungan Bintuni. Data yang digunakan dalam penelitian meliputi data mud log, wireline log, dan data geokimia dari Sumur TD-2 (dry), AD-2 (dry), dan WD-1 (gas discovery). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Formasi Ainim (Permian Awal-Tengah) merupakan batuan induk paling potensial dan mengandung minyak dan gas. Kematangan batuan induk berada di tingkat belum matang-pasca matang. Formasi Kembelangan (Jura) yang merupakan reservoar gas memiliki parameter Vsh 29%, porositas 20%, saturasi air 40%, dan gas ratio menunjukkan gas/kondensat. Reservoar minyak adalah Formasi Kais (Miosen Akhir) dengan Vsh 15%, porositas 30%, saturasi air 20%, dan analisis metode Pixler menunjukkan nilai C1/C2 berasosiasi dengan minyak. Migrasi berasal dari Tenggara menuju ke Barat yang terjadi 5 Ma dengan jebakan berupa patahan. Batuan induk Formasi Ainim matang pada Miosen Akhir-Pliosen Awal ( 7 Ma). Dry hole di Lapangan Amigos diakibatkan karena migrasi hidrokarbon yang belum sampai di lokasi Sumur AD-2 dan TD-2 sehingga belum terakumulasi dalam jumlah yang ekonomis.
Optimasi Dosis Koagulan PAC (Poly Aluminium Chloride) untuk air baku 34 NTU di PDAM Tirta Daroh Banda Aceh
Authors: Kalkoy Nova silvia
Published: February 2023

Pada proses pencampuran koagulan dengan air ini dilakukan untuk meningkatkan kualitas air. Dalam proses ini biasanya akan menghabiskan biaya yang ada pada Instalasi Pengolahan Air (IPA) di PDAM Tirta Daroy Banda Aceh. Dalam penambahan dosis koagulan ini dilakukan untuk mendapatkan dosis yang tepat pada bak clarifier berdasarkan nilai kekeruhan awal pada air. Penambahan dosis koagulan secara berlebihan akan meningkatkan biaya penggunaan bahan kimia atau koagulan (PAC) yang dipakai yang dapat menyebabkan pembebanan pada biaya di PDAM. Pada penentuan dosis ini di lakukan dengan metode jar test dengan bahan koagulan yang dipakai adalah PAC (Poly Aluminium Cloride) yang digunakan sebagai dasar untuk penentuan dosis paling optimal pada bak clarifier. Berdasarkan hasil pengujian didapatkan dosis optimum sebagai berikut: Dosis optimal yang di dapat untuk memaksimalkan kinerja pada bak clarifier di PDAM Tirta Daroy Banda Aceh sebesar 25 ppm dengan hasil kekeruhan yang diuji dengan turbidimeter sebesar 0,29 NTU. Dari pengujian ini dapat di hitung biaya penggunaan koagulan sebesar Rp. 6.084.000 perharinya. Penggunaan biaya akan berubah berdasarkan nilai kekeruhan air dimana semakin besar NTU semakin besar dosis yang dipakai maka semakin besar pula biaya yang digunakan. hasil initelah sesuai dengan standar Pemenkes No.492/MENKES/PER/2010 dimana, kekeruhan yang menjadi Batasan adalah 5 NTU.
Analisis Kinerja Bongkar Pasir Besi Pada PT.XYZ
Authors: Kobawon Erna
Published: February 2023

Berdasarkan peraturan pemerintah RI No.61 Tahun 2009 tentang kepelabuhanan bab 1 pasal 1menjelaskan bahwa pelabuhan yaitu suatu tempat yang terdiri dari daratan dan perairan yang mempunyai batas-batas tertentu dan digunakan oleh pemerintahan idan pengusahan sebagai tempat persandaran kapal serta naik turung penumpang kemudian dilakukanya aktivitas bongkar muat barang di lengkapi dengan fasilitas keselamatan dan keamanan pelayaran.(PM RI No.60 Tahun 2009 tentang kepelabuhanan bab 1 pasal 1) .PT.XYZ adalah salah satu perusahan penyedian jasa kepelabuhanan dimana melayani jasa pelayanan Bongkar Muat,Jasa Tambat kapal sehingga sangat mempengaruhi dari standar indikator yang ditetapkan perusahan dalam memberikan pelayanan dan pada standar Kinerja Bongkar curah kering jenis pasir besi ditetapkan Standar kinerja Produktivitas yaitu sebesar 150 ton dan dari penelitian ini yaitu untuk menilai kinerja Produktivitas Bongkar curah kering dengan mengunakan Pedoman perhitungan Kinerja Operasional Pelabuhan dengan Standar kinerja Produktivitas Ton/Ship/Hour(jumlah ton barang yang dibongkar/muat per kapal dalam 1 jam selama kapal di tambatan) dan didapatkan hasil dari perhitungan untuk nilai rata-rata T/S/H untuk 3 bulan yaitu bulan januari,februari,maret tahun 2022 dengan nilai rata-rata T/S/H yaitu 110 Ton/Ship/Hour dimana dinilai kurang baik karna di bawah standar Kinerja yang di tetapkan sehingga tidak mencapai Standar yang ditetapkan dan terdapat 8 kapal Tongkan yang mempunyai nilai dibawah Standar.Indikator Kinerja dan dari hasil Analisis ditemukan factor-faktor yang menyebabkan tidak tercapainya Standar Kinerja Produktivitas Bogkar Curah Kering Jenis Pasir Besih yaitu adalah Faktor Manusia.Faktor Lingkungan dan Faktor Kekurangan Peralatan mekanik penunjang kegiatan Bongkar muat di dermaga.
PERBANDINGAN DEVIASI PENGUKURAN ELECTRONIC VOLUME CORRECTOR DENGAN PERHITUNGAN MANUAL PADA METERING REGULATING STATION PELANGGAN DARI PT. PGN
Authors: Firmanto Roby Achmad , Sahrin Alfin
Published: February 2023

PT. PGN adalah perusahaan yang bergerak dibidang distribusi gas ke pelanggan atau bisa disebut “Custody transfer”.sesuai dengan area operasionalnya. Custody transfer merupakan proses pemindahan suatu produk untuk kegiatan jual beli yang membutuhkan alat ukur dengan keakurasian yang sangat tinggi agar sama-sama menguntungkan bagi kedua pihak antara pembeli dan penjual. PT. PGN melakukan kegiatan custody transfer dengan bantuan alat yang disebut Metering/Regulating Station (M/RS). Flowmeter yang digunakan adalah jenis turbine meter untuk mengukur flowrate. Namun dalam kegiatan custody transfer yang menjadi acuan adalah flowrate base atau laju alir dalam kondisi standarmaka diperlukan alat yang disebut Electronic Volume Corrector (EVC). Selain flowmeter, Electronic Volume Corrector (EVC) menjadi alat yang sangat penting untuk kegiatan custody transfer. Hal ini dikarenakan supaya tidak ada yang dirugikan antara kedua belah pihak. Untuk itu perlu dilakukan validasi untuk memastikan keakuratan dari EVC tersebut dengan menggunakan standar AGA 7. Penelitian ini mengambil 4 (empat) titik sampel yaitu pada jam 10.00 WIB, 11.00 WIB, 12.00 WIB, dan 13.00 WIB. Dari keempat titik data sampel, hasil Analisa menunjukkan rata-rata error sebesar 0,2853% Artinya Electronic Volume Corrector pada pelanggan PT.XXX Dapat simpulkan bahwa masih memenuhi standar dan masih layak digunakan.
EVALUASI ELECTRICAL SUBMERSIBLE PUMP DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN METODE NODAL PADA SUMUR X DI PT CITIC SERAM ENERGY LIMITED
Authors: Lamere Fransina
Published: February 2023

Sumur yang sering di produksi akan mengalami penurunan tekanan maka perlu menggunakan metode buatan atau Artificial Lift. Di PT Seram Energy Limited memiliki beberapa sumur yang menggunakan Artificialift.Pada sumur x yang diteliti merupakan salah satu sumur tua dimana laju produksi serta dengan tekanan yang rendah sehingga sumur ini tidak dapat mengangkat minyak ke atas secara natural atau sering disebut sumur natural flow.  Maka dari itu digunakan metode pengangkatan buata (Artifical lift) dengan jenisnya yaitu Electrical Submersible Pump. Pompa Electrical Submersible Pump yang existing pada sumur yaitu berupa seri powerlift QN dimana dinilai pemasangan pompa seri ini kurang efektif pada sumur yang diteliti. Kemudian dilakukan perencanaan Electrical Submersible Pump ulang yang lebih efektif pada sumur untuk meningkatkan efisiensi dari laju produksi sumur nya yaitu berupa pompa Electric Submersible Pump seri QN10 dengan range operating optimum nya sebesar 272 dengan efisiensi pompa nya sebesar 27% sedangkan secara perhitungan nilai efisiensi nya dapat dinaikan lagi sebesar 54%  dimana   laju optimumnya  yaitu sebesar 322 bopd. Kinerja pompa Q10 dengan efesiensi kecil dapat ditingkatkan dengan menaikan PIP dan menambah stage sesuai 3 scenario yang dipilih. Scenario terbaik adalah menggunakan pompa Q03 dengan PIP sebesar dan stage sebesar  serta efisiensi sebesar .
EVALUASI KEGIATAN INJEKSI BIOSURFAKTAN DI SUMUR “X” PADA LAPANGAN KALREZ PETROLEUM (SERAM) LTD.
Authors: Pratama Rahmad Laksamana , Nirmala Gerry Sasanti , Untoro Edi
Published: February 2023

Produksi pada suatu sumur, secara alami akan mengalami penurunan sepanjang masa hidupnya yang terbagi menjadi beberapa fase yakni: primary recovery, secondary recovery, dan tertiary recovery. Tertiary recovery sering juga disebut Enhanced Oil Recovery (EOR), dimana cadangan minyak pada suatu sumur tidak dapat lagi diproduksi dengan metode yang konvensional. Tujuan dari kegiatan EOR adalah meningkatkan oil recovery pada suatu sumur. Salah satunya adalah Microbial Enhanced Oil Recovery (MEOR), dengan cara menginjeksikan bakteri dan/atau produk turunannya ke dalam sumur. Suatu proses injeksi harus direncanakan dengan baik untuk mendapatkan hasil yang optimal dan menghindari formation damage yang dapat menyebabkan penurunan produksi hingga penutupan formasi. Pada penelitian ini digunakan biosurfaktan sebagai basisnya. Melalui pengamatan kerja biosurfaktan selama selang waktu tertentu (2 bulan sebelum dilakukan injeksi dan 3 bulan sesudah injeksi) dapat ditentukan parameter kesuksesan dari metode ini. Karakteristik fluida yang diamati adalah Total Plate Count (TPC), viskositas, Interfecial Tension (IFT) dan bagaimana ketiga parameter ini dapat mempengaruhi oil recovery. Diperoleh hasil bahwa peningkatan rata-rata produksi sebesar 27.30% dari nilai awal.
TUNING CONTROL AKTUAL TEMPERATUR PADA REBOILER MENGGUNAKAN METODE ZIEGLER-NICHOLS
Authors: Afflin Anugra Putra , Utami Erna
Published: February 2023

Reboiler  berfungsi untuk menguapkan sebagian liquid  yang masuk kedalamnya, hal ini bertujuan untuk menjaga kondisi bottom column agar dapat menaikkan recovery produk NGL. Apabila ada C1 dan C2 yang masih terikut sebagai hasil bawah De-Ethanizer akan diuapkan pada Reboiler  sehingga C1 dan C2 akan terambil pada hasil atas. Jenis Reboiler  ini adalah Shell  and  Tube. Kontrol Reboiler  bertujuan untuk menjaga suhu pada set pointnya. Konfigurasi sistem kendali temperatur pada Reboiler  E  menggunakan kendali umpan balik dengan respon yang cukup stabil dengan overshoot  4.8%, rise Time 24.4 s detik dan settling Time 1778.6 detik. Nilai Kp, Ti dan Td baru dihasilkan dari hasil uji Tuning  yang dilakukan menggunakan metode Ziegler-Nichols, dan didapatkan respon yang cepat dari hasil Tuning. Antara aktual dan Tuning Ziegler-Nichols menunjukan bahwa Tuning lebih cepat mencapai steady state.
PERTIMBANGAN HASIL PENGUKURAN LAJU ALIR PADA ORIFICE METER 071 YANG BERFUNGSI UNTUK CUSTODY TRANSFER DI X METERING STATION (XMS) XXXX XXX XXX (XXX)PTY.LTD
Authors: SINAMUR GABRIEL JERITZ , Utami Erna
Published: February 2023

PT X ini melakukan proses custody transfer dengan menggunakan system metering yang tepatnya berada di X metering station (XMS). Untuk proses cutody transfer pada Train-1 di X Metering Station (XMS) ini natural gas yang sebelumnya diproses pada Central Processing Plant (CPP) di proses hingga dikirimkan ke PT.EX. Dalam proses penngiriman ini terjadi proses pengukuran dengan menggunakan orifice meter 071 ini berguna untuk melihat kualitas gas yang akan di kirimkan. Flow meter harus menjaga kualitas dalam proses pengukuran alirnya gas yang akan dikirim agar menhindari kerugian dalam proses jual beli antara penjual dan pembeli. Dan juga untuk menghindari kerugian terhadap proses jual beli di lakukan evaluasi pada alat ukur orifice meter 071 yang mengikuti pengujian selama 4 kali dalam kurun waktu 4 hari. Adapun pengamatan dinamis yang dilakukan agar metering system terjaga dan berada dalam kondisi yang baik, maka diharuskan untuk melakukan pengamatan dinamis yang berupa membandingkan data real lapangan dengan perhitungan manual dengan pembacaan pada flow computer yang berada di control room. Adapun perhitungan deviasi (%error) yang di lakukan agar mengetahui hal yang mempengaruhi kesalahan pada metering system. Perhitungan yang dipakai dalam menghitung flowrate ini mengacu pada standar AGA 3. Hasil dari perbandingan di bulan Desember 2021 ini kita bisa melihat bahwa nilai rata” deviasi (%error) ialah 0,0851%. Berarti hasil deviasi yang didapatkan masih memasuki standar karena deviasi tidak melewati 1% yang sesuai dengan surat edaran Direktorat Jendral Migas pada tahun 2008. Sehingga orifice meter yang di pakai untuk proses custody transfer ini masih layak di gunakan.
ANALISIS CCE SAMPEL MINYAK SUMUR X MENGGUNAKAN METODE PVT SHORT WINDOW CELL
Authors: Sholahudin Ahmad Farhan , Rosiani Diyah , Rahalintar Pradini , Untoro Edi
Published: February 2023

Constant Composition Expansion (CCE) merupakan bagian dari analisis Pressure, Volume, Temperature (PVT) yang bertujuan untuk mengetahui kelakuan dan sifat fisik dari suatu sampel fluida reservoir yang di sesuaikan dengan keadaan reservoir sesungguhnya. CCE bertujuan untuk mendapatkan nilai bubble point pressure (Pb) yaitu tekanan dimana gelembung gas mulai terbebaskan dari minyak. Penentuan Pb dari sampel black oil sumur X dilakukan menggunakan PVT Cell Short Window. Sampel yang diambil pada analisa ini yaitu sampel yang berasal dari bawah permukaan dengan menggunakan alat PDS CMK II yang kemudian di transfer ke botol piston untuk dibawa ke laboratorium. Data yang didapatkan dari lapangan bisa dikembangkan di laboratorium untuk mendapat hasil sesuai permintaan klien. Pada analisa CCE dari ketiga botol sampel yang ada, terpilihlah botol S/N 1008018 dengan tekanan saturasi sebesar 4150 psig dan volume sampel sebanyak 350 cc. Pada kedalaman 3646,8 m yang mana sebagai titik dari analisa ini, memiliki tekanan 4833,3 Psig dan temperatur 271,76 oF. Sampel diberi tekanan 5000 psig untuk memastikan bahwa sampel yang ada di dalam cell sudah 1 fasa. Pb yang di dapat pada tes CCE ini yaitu berada di tekanan 4150 psig dan pada pembacaan pump reading di angka 174,565 dengan nilai Pb sebesar 1,295 bbl/stb.
Optimalisasi Unjuk Kerja Gas Engine 14 Wartsila
Authors: Rahman Fathur
Published: February 2023

PJB UBJ O&M PLTMG ARUN sebagai salah satu cabang peusahaan dari PT. PJB dan merupakan anak perusahaan PT. Perusahaan Listrik Negara (PLN) BUMN. Perusahaan ini bergerak dibidang unit bisnis jasa O&M (Operation & Maintenance) PLTMG Pembangkitan listrik yang memiliki kapasitas Total maksimal 184 MW untuk menunjang proses produksi listrik, ENGINE 14 W20V34SG merupakan salah satu bagian utama dari PT. PJB UBJ O&M ARUN. Adanya deposit atau kebocoron oli didalam silinder dan juga ketidak sempurnaan pembakaran pada ruang bakar serta getaran pada mesin torak dibatas normal akan mengganggu atau menurunkan performa engine dan seiring sejalannya waktu dapat menurunkan kenyamanan dan presisi kerja mesin yang terjadi. Setelah dilakukannya berbagai analisa dan melalui perhitungan maka dapat disimpulkan keefisiensinya menurun dari 47% menjadi 44,96% dan bahan bakar yang digunakan engine tidak sepadan dengan beban yang di keluarkannya, maka dari itu pengoptimalan engine sangat diperlukan supaya engine tersebut dapat bekerja dengan optimal kembali.
PENGUKURAN FLOWMETER GAS CUSTODY TRANSFER DI PERUSAHAN GAS NEGARA (PGN) SURABAYA
Authors: Mangar Filomenus Oscar , Triyanto Roni Heru , Waskito Wasis
Published: February 2023

Seperti yang kita ketahui Perusahan Gas Negara (PGN) Tbk, merupakan salah satu perusahan nasional Indonesia terbesar di bidang transportasi dan distribusi gas bumi yang mana berperan dalam pemenuhan gas bumi domestic karena dengan semakin banyaknya penduduk di Indonesia maka permintaan gas dari konsumen juga semakain banyak. Oleh karena itu perlu pendistribusian gas ke konsumen yang lancer dan tepat, ada juga permintaan kensumen yang bervariasi maka dari itu digunakan orifice meter mengukur besaranya pressure sebelum (upstream) dan pressure sesudah melewati plat orifice (downatream) dari pressure tersebut maka diketahui besarnta laju alir dengan menggunakan formula AGA Report 3. Dari perhitungan yang mengacu pada standart AGA 3 dimana nilai error deviasi ±2% berdasarkan ketetanpan perjanjian jual beli gas (PJBG) yang dilandasi oleh keputusan Direktur Jendral Standarisasi dan perlindungan konsumen tentang syarat teknis Meter Gas Orifice
Frequency of Hyponatremia in Tuberculous Meningitis Patients
Authors: Kakar Iftikhar Ali , Azim Nasir , Baqi Abdul , Ghafoor Kiran , Hayat Nimra , Shahab Khalid , Idrees Muhammad , Qamar Hira
Published: February 2023

Back Ground: A severe inflammation of the meninges is often referred to as meningitis. Hyponatremia has been associated with tuberculous meningitis in numerous studies. Objective: To assess the frequency of hyponatremia in tuberculous meningitis patients Methodology: This cross sectional study was carried out at the department of Neurology Bolan Medical Complex Hospital, Fatima Jinnah Institute of Chest Diseases and Sheikh Khalifa Bin Zayyed Al Nahyan Medical Complex Quetta for duration of one year from September 2021 to September 2022. All the required data like name, gender and presence or absence of hyponatremia were documented in a special proforma designed for this research. Data analysis was carried out by using SPSS version 23. Results: In our study, totally 210 patients were included. The male participants in our study were 94 (44.76%) while female participants were 116 (55.24%). The mean sodium level in serum was observed to be 133 with SD of ± 4.29. The overall frequency of hyponatremia in tuberculous meningitis patients was 113 (53.81%). Conclusion: Our study concludes that the frequency of hyponatremia in tuberculous meningitis patients was very high (53.81%). Hyponatremia may have serious implications, including serious neurological problems and death, if it is not properly diagnosed and treated early Keywords: Frequency, hyponatremia, tuberculous meningitis
Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension in COPD and its Correlation with Disease Severity
Authors: Kakar Iftikhar Ali , Baqi Abdul , Azim Nasir , Rafiq Hafsa , Lodhi Iqra , Shahab Khalid
Published: February 2023

Background: Pulmonary arterial hypertension is a condition that develops in advanced stages of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. The development of pulmonary arterial hypertension indicate poor prognosis. Objective: To assess the arterial hypertension in COPD and its correlation with disease severity Methodology: This descriptive study was carried out at the Pulmonology department, Fatima Jinnah Institute of Chest Diseases and Sheikh Khalifa Bin Zayyed Al Nahyan Medical Complex Quetta from December 2021 to May 2022. The severity of COPD was measured by FEV1 (spirometry). All the data was collected by using a pre-designed proforma. The data was analyzed via SPSS version 24. Results: In this study, totally 80 patients were enrolled. The male participants in our study were 42 (52.5%) while female participants were 38 (48.5%). The overall frequency of pulmonary arterial hypertension in COPD was 28 (35%). There was a statistically significant positive association between the severity of COPD and presence of pulmonary arterial hypertension (p=0.038). Conclusion: Our study concludes that the most common complication of COPD is pulmonary arterial hypertension and should be investigated particularly in patients with advanced (severe and very severe) COPD in order to reduce the morbidity and mortality. Keywords: Prevalence, Pulmonary arterial Hypertension, Chronic obstructive pneumonic disease
Frequency of Tuberculosis in Cervical Lymphadenopathy at Tertiary Care Hospital
Authors: Kakar Iftikhar Ali , Azim Nasir , Baqi Abdul , Arfat Yasir , Abbas Ayesha , Shahab Khalid , Idrees Muhammmad
Published: February 2023

Background: Tuberculosis is a major public health concern, and it is the most prevalent cause of infectious disease that infects the lymphoid tissue of the body. Clinicians have a diagnostic challenge when treating chronic enlargement of cervical lymph node since it may be a sign of a more serious condition. Objective: To assess the frequency of tuberculosis in cervical lymphadenopathy at tertiary care hospital Methodology: This descriptive study was undertaken at the Department of Pulmonology, Fatima Jinnah Institute of Chest Diseases and Sheikh Khalifa Bin Zayyed Al Nahyan Medical Complex Quetta from October 2021 to October 2022. A complete physical examination was performed after taking a detailed medical history from each patient. A pre-designed proforma was used for the collection of all required data. SPSS version 23 was used to analyze all of the data. Results: In the current study, 140 patients were enrolled. There were 84 (60%) male participants while female participants were 56 (40%). The overall frequency of tuberculosis in patients with cervical lymphadenopathy was 98 (70%). Conclusion: Our study concludes that tuberculosis is the prevalent cause of cervical lymphadenopathy. All the patients with cervical lymphadenopathy must be diagnosed for tuberculosis. Keywords: Frequency; tuberculosi; csservical lymphadenopathy
Frequency of Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Patients
Authors: Kakar Iftikhar Ali , Baqi Abdul , Ahmad Waqas , Azim Nasir , Shaukat Zeeshan , Shahab Khalid
Published: February 2023

Background: About 20% to 30% of the general population, especially in individuals with old age, suffers from gastroesophageal reflux disease. Association between gastroesophageal reflux disease and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease has been reported in numerous studies. Objective: To find out the frequency of gastroesophageal reflux disease in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients Methodology: This cross-sectional study was carried out at the department of Pulmonology, Fatima Jinnah Institute of Chest Diseases and Sheikh Khalifa Bin Zayyed Al Nahyan Medical Complex Quetta from December 2021 to May 2022. The inclusion criteria for our study were all the patients of either gender in age range 18 to 60 years diagnosed with COPD of any severity level. A proforma developed solely for this research was used to record all the data. All the collected data was analyzed by using SPSS version 23. Results: In our study, totally 180 patients were enrolled. There were 120 (66.67%) male participants and 60 (33.33%) female participants in our study. The overall frequency of gastro-esophageal reflux disease in COPD patients was 93 (51.67%). The frequency of gastro-esophageal reflux disease in mild, moderate severe and very severe COPD patients COPD patients was 4 (44.44%), 39 (48.15%), 38 (52.78%) and 12 (66.66%) respectively. Conclusion: Our study concludes that the frequency of gastroesophageal reflux disease is high in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients. Based on our results, every patient who presents with COPD should be screened for GERD. Keywords: Frequency, gastroesophageal reflux disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
A Diagnostic Pattern in Guillain-Barré Syndrome (GBS) in Children a Multi-Center Study
Authors: Haq Main Ayaz Ul , Haq Main Iftikar Ul , Ali Fawad , Alam Mehtab , Qazi Zia Ullah
Published: February 2023

Objectives: Analyze how children with GBS manage in the clinic. Materials and methods: From 2015 to 2020, researchers at the Department of Neurosurgery at LRH and HMC Hospital peshawar analyzed data from 67 children (younger than 14) hospitalized at the hospitals with AFP. the Multicenter study in All patients had standard examinations, with most also undergoing [CSF examination], nerve conduction studies (NCS), and electromyography (EMG), depending on available resources. Supportive care, intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG), and plasmapheresis were employed as treatment options, with the choice of modality determined by clinical need and accessibility to the respective procedures. Results: Sixty-nine percent (60) of the AFP cases were determined to be GBS. The average kid with GBS was six years old, and the male-to-female ratio was 1.06 to 1. Sixty-eight percent of patients had a previous medical history, seventy-two percent had sensory complaints, and sixty-two percent had autonomic dysfunction. There were ninety-three percent of patients with classical GBS (symmetrical ascending paralysis), two percent with descending paralysis, four percent with relapsing variation, and one with chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy. A third of patients had the demyelinating type, another third had demyelinating with axonal involvement, and another twenty-one percent were classed as unclassified based on their electrophysiological investigations. Mechanical ventilation was necessary for 28 patients (44%). Mechanical breathing was necessary for 36% of those with axonal type and 24% with demyelinating type. Of the 28 patients given IVIG, 18 exhibited improvement, five did not, and plasmapheresis was performed on them. Conclusion: The majority of cases of AFP can be attributed to exposure to GBS. IVIG is an effective therapeutic strategy for children with GBS, and GBS with axonal involvement is more severe than demyelinating kind. Keywords: Children with Acute Flaccid Paralysis, Guillain-Barre Syndrome
Frequency of Hematological Malignancies Based on Bone-Marrow Aspiration and Trephine Biopsy in Patients Presenting to Tertiary Care Hospital
Authors: Iqbal Komal , Hussain Zarmina , Malik Saira Nasr , Rahman Ansa Kalsoom , Riaz Mashal , Qureshi Hameeda , Billah Mohtasim , Ullah Assad
Published: February 2023

Background: Hematological disorders are found commonly in the general population existing on both ends of the spectrum with minute disorders like iron deficiency anemia to as severe as bone marrow infiltration Objective: To assess the frequency of hematological malignancies based on bone-marrow aspiration and trephine biopsy in patients presenting to tertiary care hospital Methodology: The current study was cross-section descriptive study carried out at the Pathology department of Bacha Khan Medical College, Mardan from April 2013 to October 2021. Bone-marrow aspiration and trephine biopsy was done for all the patients. Data regarding gender, age, clinical examination and diagnosis was recorded on a proforma designed for this research. Results were analyzed by using IBM SPSS (version 23). Results: In our study, a total of 182 patients were included. The mean age (±SD) in the current study was 41 (12.6) years. Based on the malignant hematological disorder, acute myelogenous leukemia was diagnosed in 15 (23.08%) patients, acute lymphoblastic leukemia in (23.08%) patients, chronic myeloid leukemia in 14 (21.54%) patients, acute leukemias in 3 (4.62%) patients, Myeloproliferative neoplasms in 6 (9.23%) patients, Lymphoproliferative disease in 11 (16.92%) patients while plasma cell myeloma was diagnosed in 1 (1.54%) patients. Conclusion: Our study concludes that acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) and acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is the most common hematological malignancies in Bacha Khan Medical College followed by chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) which is the second highest malignancies in Bacha Khan Medical College in this specific time. Keywords: hematological malignancies, bone-marrow aspiration, trephine biopsy
Exploring Association of Anemia with Diabetic Foot Ulcer and its Impact on Disease Outcome in a Tertiary Care Hospital
Authors: Sameen Dur-E- , Shahzad Muddasar , Khan Shahid , Khan Kamran Hakeem , Azeem Sheikh Muhammad Ibqar , Khan Zahid
Published: February 2023

Background: Both short-term and long-term complications are common in people with diabetes, making the disease quite difficult to manage. Among them development of foot ulcer is like a nightmare for diabetic patients. Foot deformities, impairment of microcirculation and concomitant neuropathy all add in the development of these ulcers, that are either delayed to heal or do not heal at all leading to amputation or in extreme cases even death. In addition to these major contributors, concomitant comorbidities like anemia may lead to development of an ulcer or effect it’s healing. If anemia identified and treated promptly may enhanced recovery of diabetic foot ulcer patients. We analyzed the effects of anemia on the prognosis of individuals with diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs). Methods: We prospectively followed 165 diabetic patients admitted to the hospital with DFU until they were either discharged or died. Patient's demographic data, characteristics of the ulcers, duration of diabetes, presence of comorbid conditions, need for blood transfusion and diabetic complications were all taken into account. The appropriate imaging and laboratory tests were conducted. The incidence of anemia and its effect on illness outcome in DFU patients were examined. Results: Anemia was found in 70% of patients with 38% required blood transfusion. The presence of gangrene, PAD, and an ulcer that had been present for more than a month prior to admission were all significant demographic and clinical predictors of anemia, [p0.008], [p0.00.1], [p0.001] respectively. Comorbidities like proteinuria [p0.003], moderate [p0.002] and severe [p0.00.1] constriction of the blood vessels, previous stroke [p0.012], kidney dysfunction [p0.002] were all significantly linked with anemia. Regarding effect of anemia on disease outcome delayed wound healing [p0.008], osteomyelitis [p0.005], amputation [p0.034] and mortality [p0.008] were all substantially correlated with anemia. Conclusion: Anemia was seen in majority of patients with DFU. Significant association was found between anemia and worse ulcer outcome in the form of delayed wound healing, osteomyelitis, mputation and mortality. Therefore, it needs to be identified and managed promptly, like other major risk factors such as infection, ischemia and pressure offloading, to promote earlier and complete healing. Keywords: Exploring, Association , Anemia, Diabetic Foot Ulcer , A Tertiary Care Hospital
Frequency of Gynecological Problems in Women on M.D.R. Tuberculosis Treatment
Authors: Basit Anila , Syed Wajeeeha , Hussain Nadia Ashiq , Nasir Muhammad , Aurangzeb Laraib
Published: February 2023

Multidrug-resistant TB treatment is notorious for being costly, time-consuming, and ineffective. High levels of resistance to isoniazid and rifampicin, with or without resistance to other anti-TB drugs, describe the microbial type of tuberculosis known as multidrug-resistant tuberculosis. Thirdly, MDR-TB has been shown to negatively affect mothers and infants during pregnancy, labor, and the postpartum period. Objective: This Study aimed to determine the frequency of gynecological issues among women receiving therapy for multidrug-resistant T.B. Materials and Methodology: The Obstetrics & Gynecology and department and pulmonology department of Lady Reading Hospital-MTI in Peshawar, K.P., Pakistan, collaborated on a cross-sectional descriptive study. Non-probability sequential sampling was used to get a sample size of 236 using an online G-power tool with a 95% confidence interval. Results: 236 patients were enrolled, with a range of age from 15-24 years (23.3%), 25-34 years (40.4%), 35-44 years (29.2%), and 45-54 years (6.8%). Before treatment, 56.6% were irregular. 42.4% of patients had normal periods. 66.1% had abnormal menstrual cycles after treatment. Before M.D.R. medication, 33.9% of participants had irregular menstrual cycles; throughout MDR-TB treatment, 66.1% of the population had aberrant menstrual cycles. Ploy-menorrhea was 40.7%, and oligo-menorrhea was 59.3%. four contraceptives were surveyed: 3.8% used i.u.c.d., 11.4% pills, 29.7% injectables, and 55.1% barriers. 65.7% had itching and foul-smelling vaginal discharge. 60.2% had dysmenorrhea. infertility was 62%, 55.1% primary, and 44.9% secondary. Conclusion: The Frequency of gynecological disorders that develop in women with MD-TB treatment was determined by this study. Keywords: Multidrug resistance, tuberculosis, Gynaecological problems
Histopathological Findings in Prostatic Chips and its Correlation with Prostate Specific Antigen Levels
Authors: Nadeem Saima , Rehman Naumana , Farooq Mahum , Arif Sunia , Rahman Safia , Rahman Zakia
Published: February 2023

Objectives: To determine the pattern of histological findings in prostatic chips obtained from cases of enlarged prostate gland and to correlate the findings with PSA levels. Materials and Methods: It was a cross sectional descriptive study conducted in Northwest General Hospital , Peshawar from 1st January 2018 to 23rd December 2021. A total of 500 male cases with features of enlarged prostate, frequency, urgency and dribbling with mean age of 52 ± 12.3 years (range 45 -80 years) were included in the study. The prostatic biopsy specimens were obtained and PSA levels were done in all cases. The histological specimens were subjected to microscopic examinations and findings were recorded in proforma. The findings were correlated with the PSA levels. Mean and standard deviation were used for quantitative data. Frequency and percentages were used for qualitative data Results: Out of 500 cases of enlarged prostate, benign prostate hypertrophy was seen in 375 (75%) cases. 125 cases (25%) had micro invasive carcinoma prostate . All 375 cases of benign prostate hypertrophy had prostate specific antigen levels less than 4ng. Out of 125 cases of micro invasive carcinoma, 120 (96%) had PSA levels >10ng . Sensitivity of PSA at levels of 10ng/ml for prostatic carcinoma was 96%. Conclusion: Benign prostate hypertrophy is the commonest lesion in cases of prostate pathology. PSA is useful marker to determine the presence or absence of micro invasive carcinoma in patients with prostate hypertrophy. Keywords: Benign prostate hypertrophy, micro invasive carcinoma prostate, prostate specific antigen.
Management of Patients with Urinary Stone Obstruction a Single-Center Study
Authors: Tariq Kifayat , Opal Samiullah , Hayat Sikandar , Khan Ihsanullah
Published: February 2023

Aim: This study aims to characterize the clinical manifestations, location of the obstruction, and surgical intervention results of individuals with obstructive urethral stones. Study design: A single-center study Place and Duration: IKD Peshawar, Departboyst of Urology, from January 1, 2020, to January 1, 2021. Methods: 124 obstructive urethral stones were treated at IKD Peshawar. 4 to 14-year-old patients Obstructive urethral stones were treated surgically by removing the stone from the external urethral meatus (stone retrieval) with or without Meatotomy, retrograde manipulation (push back), and then cystolithoclasty or cystolitholapaxy, depending on the stone's position and size. Results: The mean age was 04±12.14 was between 10 and 12 years old. A total of 118 boys (98%), together with 06 girls (02%), were aged 13 and above. Sixty boys had stones in the proximal urethra (prostatic and membranous) or bulbar urethra, while 24 boys had stones in the external urethral meatus. Stones were found in the external urethral meatus of 60 boys individuals. Conclusion: For the most part, obstructive urethral stones may be managed with endoscopic therapy, but in certain situations, a minor operation like a meatotomy is necessary. Keywords: urethral obstruction, managment t, outcome, surgery, intervention
Prevalence of Spontaneous Bacterial Peritonitis in Patients Presenting with Upper Gastrointestinal Bleeding in Decompensated Chronic Liver Disease Patients
Authors: Ali Liaqat , Naeem Muhammad , Ullah Muhammad Imran , Aslam Mujahid , Ullah Hamid , Masood Abbas , Ullah Assad
Published: February 2023

Background: Over the last several decades, chronic liver disease incidence has increased globally. One of the most common complications of cirrhosis is spontaneous bacterial peritonitis. Objective: To assess the prevalence of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis in patients presenting with upper gastrointestinal bleeding in decompensated chronic liver disease patients Methodology: The current study was cross sectional carried out at the Gastroenterology department, Qazi Hussain Ahmad Medical Complex, Nowshera. The duration of study was one year from August 2021 to August 2022. All the data like name, age gender and other information related to medical history were recorded on a predesigned proforma. All the analysis of collected data was done by employing IBM SPSS version 24. . Results: In the current study, totally 100 patients were enrolled. There were 60 (60%) male participants and 40 (40%) patients were female in our study. The overall prevalence of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis in patients presenting with upper gastrointestinal bleeding in decompensated chronic liver disease was 29 (29%). Conclusion: Our study concludes that the prevalence of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis in patients presenting with upper gastrointestinal bleeding in decompensated chronic liver disease patients is high. Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis frequency is also high in patients with Child-Pugh Class C as compared to Child-Pugh Class B. Keywords: Decompensated chronic liver disease; spontaneous bacterial peritonitis; Prevalence
Analyzing the Effectiveness of Laser and Pneumatic Lithotripsy in the Treatment of Ureteral Stones Smaller than 1.05 Centimetres in Diameter a Multi-Center Study
Authors: Shahzad Muhammad , Khan Farhat Ullah , Ghani Azra A , Wahab Fazli , Khan Zafar Ahmad , Akram Alina
Published: February 2023

Objective: aims to compare the success rates of laser lithotripsy with pneumatic lithotripsy for removing ureteric stones less than 1.5 cm at a tertiary care hospital. Method: This Multi-Center study was conducted in the urology department of Lady Reading Hospital in Peshawar total of 265 patients (125 in the PL group and 140 in the LL category) with ureteral stones were treated with ureteroscopic lithotripsy. The study's authors aimed to compare factors such as rates of stone-free patients, operation length, patient recovery time, length of hospital stay, stone migration, and complication rates. Results: Age distribution, gender distribution, typical stone size, stone point, and level of complexity were all comparable between the two groups. The LL group stood out from the rest regarding stone repositioning, SFR, and MHS. Conclusion: The [PL and LL] methods worked well and were safe for ureteral stones. However, the [LL] group may have had a greater SFR. Keywords: comparing, pneumatic lithotripsy, ureteral stones
Adverse Physiological and Biochemical Effects of Synthetic Human Insulin in Diabetic Type-2 Patients, A Comparative Clinical Study
Authors: Ansari Umer Saeed , Arzoo Kamran , Hussain Rizwana , Ata Muhammad Atif , Tabbasum Sadia , Memon Zaheer , Shuja Naveed , Shuja Arslan
Published: February 2023

Background: The use of Synthetic human insulin in diabetic individuals may develop number of serious medical complications in population like Hypoglycemia, Weight gain, Little Skin Depression and Dementia. Aims and Objectives: The aims and objects of current study were to provide awareness about the recent Biochemical and Physiological side effects of Artificial Insulin Therapy for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus to the people. Study Design: A comparative clinical study. Place and Duration: Present study was conducted in Lahore Medical & Dental College Lahore, The university of Lahore, Lahore, Suleman Roshan medical college Tando Adam Sindh and Allama Iqbal Medical College Lahore Pakistan from March 2021 June 2022. Methodology: Total 450 diabetic type- 2 patients of age 40-60 years were selected for present study and they were divided into three different groups regarding injected units of synthetic insulin. In Group-A 100 male and 50 female were taking 20 units twice a day, whereas 100 male and 50 female individuals with diabetes type-2 of Group-B were injected 30 units twice a day while 80 male and 40 female of Group-C were taking 45 units twice a day respectively. Fasting and Random glucose levels, Body mass index (BMI), levels of Dementia and Skin Depression parameters of each individual were measured and compared group wise. Results: A remarkable significant changes (P≤0.05) in Fasting glucose levels, Random glucose levels after 2 hour of meal, Random glucose levels after 3 hour of meal, Random glucose levels after 4 hour of meal, Body mass index, body mass index after 6 month, body mass index after 12 month, Incidence of severe hypoglycemia of male and female were concluded in group-B and group-C as compared with group-A, because 20 units of insulin created less hypoglycemic effects as compared with 30 and 45 units which were injected in Group-B and Group-C comparatively. Practical implication: Awareness about side effects of artificial Insulin therapy for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus to the people is so important and helpful for quality of life and safety. Conclusion: The findings of present study were indicated that long term insulin therapy develop hypoglycemia and significant changes (P≤0.05) in BMI in patients with diabetes type-2. It was concluded that a significant (P≤0.05) weight gain in regular user of synthetic insulin diabetic type-2 patients was very common. Keywords: Hypoglycemia, Synthetic insulin, Body mass index, Diabetes Mellitus