bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
TRX-1 Regulates SKN-1 Nuclear Localization Cell Non-autonomously in Caenorhabditis elegans
Authors: McCallum Katie C , Liu Bin , Fierro-González Juan Carlos , Swoboda Peter , Arur Swathi , Miranda-Vizuete Antonio , Garsin Danielle A
Published: February 2016

The Caenorhabditis elegans oxidative stress response transcription factor, SKN-1, is essential for the maintenance of redox homeostasis and is a functional ortholog of the Nrf family of transcription factors. The numerous levels of regulation that govern these transcription factors underscore their importance. Here, we add a thioredoxin, encoded by trx-1, to the expansive list of SKN-1 regulators. We report that loss of trx-1 promotes nuclear localization of intestinal SKN-1 in a redox-independent, cell non-autonomous fashion from the ASJ neurons. Furthermore, this regulation is not general to the thioredoxin family, as two other C. elegans thioredoxins, TRX-2 and TRX-3, do not play a role in this process. Moreover, TRX-1-dependent regulation requires signaling from the p38 MAPK-signaling pathway. However, while TRX-1 regulates SKN-1 nuclear localization, classical SKN-1 transcriptional activity associated with stress response remains largely unaffected. Interestingly, RNA-Seq analysis revealed that loss of trx-1 elicits a general, organism-wide down-regulation of several classes of genes; those encoding for collagens and lipid transport being most prevalent. Together, these results uncover a novel role for a thioredoxin in regulating intestinal SKN-1 nuclear localization in a cell non-autonomous manner, thereby contributing to the understanding of the processes involved in maintaining redox homeostasis throughout an organism.
Differential Phosphorylation Provides a Switch to Control How α-Arrestin Rod1 Down-regulates Mating Pheromone Response in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Authors: Alvaro Christopher G , Aindow Ann , Thorner Jeremy
Published: February 2016

G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are integral membrane proteins that initiate stimulus-dependent activation of cognate heterotrimeric G-proteins, triggering ensuing downstream cellular responses. Tight regulation of GPCR-evoked pathways is required because prolonged stimulation can be detrimental to an organism. Ste2, a GPCR in Saccharomyces cerevisiae that mediates response of MATa haploids to the peptide mating pheromone α-factor, is down-regulated by both constitutive and agonist-induced endocytosis. Efficient agonist-stimulated internalization of Ste2 requires its association with an adaptor protein, the α-arrestin Rod1/Art4, which recruits the HECT-domain ubiquitin ligase Rsp5, allowing for ubiquitinylation of the C-terminal tail of the receptor and its engagement by the clathrin-dependent endocytic machinery. We previously showed that dephosphorylation of Rod1 by calcineurin (phosphoprotein phosphatase 2B) is required for optimal Rod1 function in Ste2 down-regulation. We show here that negative regulation of Rod1 by phosphorylation is mediated by two distinct stress-activated protein kinases, Snf1/AMPK and Ypk1/SGK1, and demonstrate both in vitro and in vivo that this phospho-regulation impedes the ability of Rod1 to promote mating pathway desensitization. These studies also revealed that, in the absence of its phosphorylation, Rod1 can promote adaptation independently of Rsp5-mediated receptor ubiquitinylation, consistent with recent evidence that α-arrestins can contribute to cargo recognition by both clathrin-dependent and clathrin-independent mechanisms. However, in cells lacking a component (formin Bni1) required for clathrin-independent entry, Rod1 derivatives that are largely unphosphorylated and unable to associate with Rsp5 still promote efficient adaptation, indicating a third mechanism by which this α-arrestin promotes desensitization of the pheromone-response pathway.
A pszichológiai reprezentációk szerepe a vesetranszplantációban. A Transzplantált Szerv Kérdőív magyar változatának reliabilitás- és validitásvizsgálata
Authors: Látos Melinda , Lázár György , Wittmann Victoria , Csabai Márta
Published: February 2016

Introduction: According to interdisciplinary research the transplanted organ representations play an important role in successful transplantation. Aim: The aim of the study was to assess the reliability and validity of the Hungarian version of Transplanted Organ Questionnaire in kidney transplant recipients. Method: 151 patients were assessed using the Spielberger Anxiety Inventory, the Beck Depression Inventory, the Posttraumatic Growth Inventory and the Transplanted Organ Questionnaire. Serum creatinine levels from routine clinical blood tests were collected. Results: The scale showed good internal consistency (Cronbach-alpha = 0.89; 0.87; 0.80), and the test-retest reliability was excellent. The Transplanted Organ Questionnaire scores moderately correlated with depression, anxiety and posttraumatic growth. The “Psychological rejection” scale correlated with higher serum creatinine level (p = 0.001, t = 5.17). Conclusions: The reliability and validity of the Hungarian version of Transplanted Organ Questionnaire in the studied sample were excellent. The questionnaire is a useful psychometric tool in the exploration of transplant patients’ representations about the donor and the organ. Orv. Hetil., 2016, 157(10), 385–391.
Lágyéksérvet utánzó gigantikus méretű myxoid leiomyoma
Authors: Huszár Orsolya , Zaránd Attila , Szántó Gyöngyi , Juhász Viktória , Székely Eszter , Novák András , Molnár Béla Ákos , Harsányi László
Published: February 2016

Leiomyoma is a rare, smooth muscle tumour that can occur everywhere in the human body. The authors present the history of a 60-year-old female, who had a giant, Mullerian type myxoid leiomyoma in the inguinal region mimicking acute abdominal symptoms. After examination the authors removed the soft tissue mass in the right femoral region reaching down in supine position to the middle third of the leg measuring 335 × 495 × 437 mm in greatest diameters in weight 33 kg. Reconstruction of the tissue defect was performed using oncoplastic guidelines. During the follow-up time no tumour recurrence was detected and the quality of life of the patient improved significantly. Orv. Hetil., 2016, 157(10), 392–395.
Gyógyszertranszporterek szerepe a központi idegrendszerben
Authors: Erdő Franciska , Temesszentandrási-Ambrus Csilla , Beéry Erzsébet
Published: February 2016

Although the presence of blood–brain barrier in the mammalian organisms was discovered in the early 1900s, its precise structure and the drug transporter proteins localized in the blood–brain barrier were identified only in the last decades. Beside the ATP-binding cassette transporter proteins responsible for the protection of the brain, the Solute Carrier transporters play also an important role in the function of the central nervous system by its feeding, energy supply and cleaning function during the metabolism. This review provides an overview on the main types of transporters located in the brain, on their localization in different cell types and the main techniques for their investigation. In the second part of this article various neurodegenerative disorders and the pathology-related transporter proteins are presented. In the light of recent experimental results new therapeutic strategies may come into the focus of research for the treatment of disorders currently without effective therapy. Orv. Hetil., 2016, 157(10), 370–378.
Munkarendek a hazai egészségügyi rendszerben, és az ápolók alvásminősége
Authors: Fusz Katalin , Pakai Annamária , Kívés Zsuzsanna , Szunomár Szilvia , Regős Annamária , Oláh András
Published: February 2016

Introduction: One way of ensuring the continuity of health care is the shift work, which is burdensome and it can lead to sleep disturbances. Aim: The aim of the study was to measure the typical Hungarian nursing shift systems in hospitals, to analyse the causes of irregular work schedules, and to compare the sleep quality of nurses in different work schedules. Method: 236 head nurses filled out the national online survey, and 217 nurses in clinics of the University of Pécs filled the Hungarian version of Bergen Shift Work Sleep Questionnaire. Results: The head nurses provided data of 8697 nurses’s schedules. 51.89% of nurses work in flexible shift system. 1944 employees work in regular shift system, most of them in the following order: 12-hour day shift and 12-hour night shift, followed by a one- or two-day rest. Where there is no system of shifts, the most frequent causes are the needs of nurses and the nurse shortage. Nurses who are working in irregular shift system had worse sleep quality than nurses who are working in flexible and regular shift system (p = 0.044). Conclusions: It would be helpful if the least burdensome shift system could be established. Orv. Hetil., 2016, 157(10), 379–384.
Feline primary hyperaldosteronism: an emerging endocrine disease
Authors: Bento Daniel Diola , Zahn Fabíola Soares , Duarte Laura Carolina , Machado Luiz Henrique de Araújo
Published: February 2016

ABSTRACT: The primary hyperaldosteronism, an endocrine disease increasingly identified in cats, is characterized by adrenal gland dysfunction that interferes with the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, triggering the hypersecretion of aldosterone. Pathophysiological consequences of excessive aldosterone secretion are related to increased sodium and water retention, and increased excretion of potassium, which induce hypertension and severe hypokalemia, respectively. The most common clinical findings in cats include: polydipsia, nocturia, polyuria, generalized weakness, neck ventroflexion, syncope, anorexia, weight loss, pendulous abdomen and blindness. Diagnosis is based on the evidence of hormonal hypersecretion with suppression of renin release, imaging and histopathological evaluation of adrenal glands. Treatment may be curative with adrenalectomy, in cases of unilateral disease, or conservative, through administration of aldosterone antagonists, potassium supplementation and antihypertensives. Prognosis varies from fair to good with the appropriate therapy. This article reviews the main aspects of primary aldosteronism in cats, providing the clinician with important information for the diagnosis of this disease.
Induction and transfer of resistance to poisoning by Amorimia pubiflora in sheep whith non-toxic dosis of the plant and ruminal content
Authors: Becker Marciel , Carneiro Faber Monteiro , Oliveira Leonardo Pintar de , Silva Mayara Inácio Vincenzi da , Riet-Correa Franklin , Lee Stephen Thomas , Pescador Caroline Argenta , Nakazato Luciano , Colodel Edson Moleta
Published: February 2016

ABSTRACT: Amorimiapubiflora (Malpighiaceae), which contains sodium monofluoroacetate (MFA) is the main cause of "sudden death" in cattle in the Brazilian state of Mato Grosso. This research investigated the induction of resistance to the poisoning in sheep by the continuous administration of non-toxic doses of the plant and also the possibility to transfer this resistance to other sheep by the transfaunation of ruminal fluid. For this a group of four sheep (G1) received daily doses of 0.5g kg-1 for 20 days and after an interval of 15 days were challenged with three daily doses of 1g kg-1 for 3 days. Also the transfer of resistance to A. pubiflora poisoning was evaluated by transfaunation of rumen fluid (100ml for 10 days) from G1 sheep to five sheep (G2), followed by challenge with the dose of 1g kg-1 for 3 days (G2D2) and after a three-day interval they received a single dose of 3g kg-1 (G2D3). The degree of resistance was evaluated by monitoring the onset of clinical signs, heart rate, and outcome of the poisoning compared with the control groups, which were challenged with three daily doses of 1g kg1 (G3) and with a single dose of 3g kg-1 (G4). Clinical parameters evaluated in Groups G1 and G2 were significantly less pronounced than those observed in G3 and G4 (control) (P<0.05). Sheep in G4 (control) died after receiving a single dose of 3g kg-1, while those in G2 (transfaunated) survived. These findings demonstrated that consumption of non-toxic doses of A. pubiflora induced resistance in sheep and that this resistance can be transferred by transfaunation. New experiments are needed to determine the most efficient ways to induce resistance and to use this technique in the field to prevent the poisoning.
Avocado: characteristics, health benefits and uses
Authors: Duarte Patrícia Fonseca , Chaves Marcia Alves , Borges Caroline Dellinghausen , Mendonça Carla Rosane Barboza
Published: February 2016

ABSTRACT: This study aimed to present a literature review about the characteristics, applications, and potential of avocado (Persea americana). Avocado is considered one of the main tropical fruits, as it contains fat-soluble vitamins which are less common in other fruits, besides high levels of protein, potassium and unsaturated fatty acids. Avocado pulp contains variable oil content, and is widely used in the pharmaceutical and cosmetics industry, and in the production of commercial oils similar to olive oil. This fruit has been recognized for its health benefits, especially due to the compounds present in the lipidic fraction, such as omega fatty acids, phytosterols, tocopherols and squalene. Studies have shown the benefits of avocado associated to a balanced diet, especially in reducing cholesterol and preventing cardiovascular diseases. The processed avocado pulp is an alternative to utilize fruits, which can be used in various value-added food products. Fluid extract of the avocado leaves is widely used in pharmaceutical products, mainly due to the diuretic characteristic of the present compounds in plant leaves. With the increasing research supporting the nutritional characteristics and benefits of avocado, the tendency is to increase the production and exploitation of this raw material in Brazil, as also observed in other countries.
Brainstem auditory evoked potentials in horses
Authors: Gama Juliana Almeida Nogueira da , Palumbo Mariana Isa Poci , Olivo Giovane , Outeda Nadia Crosignani , Resende Luiz Antônio de Lima , Borges Alexandre Secorun
Published: February 2016

ABSTRACT: The brainstem auditory evoked potential (BAEP) evaluates the integrity of the auditory pathways to the brainstem. The aim of this study was to evoke BAEPs in 21 clinically normal horses. The animals were sedated with detomidine hydrochloride (0.013mg.kg-1 BW). Earphones were inserted and rarefaction clicks at 90 dB and noise masking at 40 dB were used. After performing the test, the latencies of waves (I, II, III, IV, and V) and interpeaks(I-III, III-V, and I-V) were identified. The mean latencies of the waves were as follows: wave I, 2.4 ms; wave II, 2.24 ms; wave III, 3.61ms; wave IV, 4.61ms; and wave V, 5.49ms. The mean latencies of the interpeaks were as follows: I-III, 1.37ms; III-V, 1.88ms; and I-V, 3.26ms. This is the first study using BAEPs in horses in Brazil, and the observed latencies will be used as normative data for the interpretation of tests performed on horses with changes related to auditory system or neurologic abnormalities.
Validation of the multiplex PCR for identification of Brucella spp.
Authors: Orzil Lívia de Lima , Preis Ingred Sales , Almeida Iassudara Garcia de , Souza Patrícia Gomes de , Soares Filho Paulo Martins , Jacinto Fabrício Barcelos , Fonseca Júnior Antônio Augusto
Published: February 2016

ABSTRACT: A multiplex PCR technique for detection of Brucella spp. in samples of bacterial suspension was validated as a complementary tool in the diagnosis of the disease. This technique allows the characterization of the agent without performing biochemical tests, which greatly reduces the time for a final diagnosis, and provides more security for the analyst by reducing the time of exposure to microorganisms. The validation was performed in accordance with the Manual of Diagnostic Tests from OIE (2008) and following the requirements present in the ABNT NBR ISO/IEC 17025:2005. The mPCR validated in this study identified the different species of Brucella ( Brucella abortus , B. suis , B. ovis e B. melitensis ) of bacterial suspension obtained from the slaughterhouse samples, as well as distinguished the biovars (1, 2 e 4; 3b, 5, 6 e 9) of B. abortus in grouped form and differentiated the field strains from vaccine strains, as a quick, useful and less expensive technique in diagnosis of brucellosis in Brazil.
Host morphophysiological conditions and environment abiotic factors correlate with bat flies (Streblidae) prevalence and intensity in Artibeus Leach, 1821 (Phyllostomidae)
Authors: Patrício Priscilla Maria Peixoto , Lourenço Elizabete Captivo , Freitas Aline Quintanilha de , Famadas Kátia Maria
Published: February 2016

ABSTRACT: The aim of this study was to correlate Streblidae parasitism rates with temperature and humidity as well as sex, age and reproductive condition of Artibeus bats. Streblidae specimens were collected during two years in the Tinguá Biological Reserve and in two areas inside buffer zone, located in Nova Iguaçu, Rio de Janeiro State and preserved as wet specimens. The abundance of Streblidae species parasitizing Artibeus was analyzed, and no differences were found between them. However, the number of females parasitizing Artibeus fimbriatus was higher. Moreover, regarding sex, Artibeus females were more parasitized, particularly A. fimbriatus and A. lituratus. There was no correlation between mean intensity of infestation and body mass index of Artibeus species, even when correlated to abiotic data. This study contributes to better understand the parasitism on Artibeus by Streblidae, and based on results, it is clear that Streblidae show no preferences in terms of reproductive condition, body size, age, sex, temperature and humidity in parasitizing Artibeus species.
Efeito do ultrassom na extração e modificação de amidos
Authors: Bernardo Cristiany Oliveira , Ascheri José Luis Ramírez , Carvalho Carlos Wanderlei Piler de
Published: February 2016

RESUMO: O ultrassom é considerado uma tecnologia limpa, por possibilitar menor gasto de energia, de substâncias químicas e menor geração de efluentes. Além disso, proporciona menor tempo de processamento e reduz a necessidade de aplicação de calor em vários processos. Por isso, tem sido alvo de pesquisa e desenvolvimento na indústria de alimentos, tanto para substituir, quanto para aperfeiçoar ou acelerar técnicas convencionais de processamento. Dentre as diferentes possibilidades de utilização na indústria de alimentos, o ultrassom pode ser considerado uma alternativa para substituir ou reduzir a utilização de substâncias químicas em processos de extração ou modificação de amidos. Quando utilizado na extração, possibilita maior pureza do amido obtido. Já na modificação, algumas alterações nos grânulos de amido podem ser provocadas pelo ultrassom, mas dependem da origem botânica, da composição do amido, dos parâmetros do equipamento e das condições de processamento.
Uncertainty measurement in the homogenization and sample reduction in the physical classification of rice and beans
Authors: Pivoto Dieisson , Becker João Mathias , Bremm Carolina , Albano Filipe de Medeiros
Published: February 2016

ABSTRACT: The study aimed to i) quantify the measurement uncertainty in the physical tests of rice and beans for a hypothetical defect, ii) verify whether homogenization and sample reduction in the physical classification tests of rice and beans is effective to reduce the measurement uncertainty of the process and iii) determine whether the increase in size of beans sample increases accuracy and reduces measurement uncertainty in a significant way. Hypothetical defects in rice and beans with different damage levels were simulated according to the testing methodology determined by the Normative Ruling of each product. The homogenization and sample reduction in the physical classification of rice and beans are not effective, transferring to the final test result a high measurement uncertainty. The sample size indicated by the Normative Ruling did not allow an appropriate homogenization and should be increased.
Onion yield under agroecological farming system using distinct irrigation depths and soil covers
Authors: Ribeiro Eduardo Castro , Carvalho Daniel Fonseca de , Santos Lucas Antonio de Freitas , Guerra José Guilherme Marinho
Published: February 2016

ABSTRACT: The present study was carried out in order to evaluate the effects of irrigation depths applied through drip and presence/absence of soil cover in onion yield, under agroecological farming. The experiment was conducted in Seropédica, RJ, Brazil, from May to September 2012. The experimental design was a randomized complete block with split-plot design with 10 treatments and 7 replications, characterized by the presence (+S) and absence (-S) of soil cover and five irrigation depths according to percentages of the crop evapotranspiration (ETc): 0, 22, 45, 75 and 100% (0, 155, 220.6, 320.5 and 372,7mm in +S condition and 0, 145.5, 207.6, 285, 351,4mm in -S condition). The irrigation influenced by second-order polynomial regression the total yield of bulbs, percentage distribution of bulbs in diameter classes and water use efficiency (WUE) in the -S condition, and in the linear regression the WUE in +S condition. The soil cover promoted an increase on the total bulb yield, WUE and the percentage of bulbs classified in classes of greater diameter.
Performance and meat chemical composition of quails fed with different sorghum levels instead of corn
Authors: Moraes Cíntia Amaral , Fernandes Evandro de Abreu , Silveira Márcia Marques , Martins Julyana Machado da Silva , Litz Fernanda Heloisa , Saar Anna Gabriella Lima , Carvalho Carolina Magalhães Caires
Published: February 2016

ABSTRACT: The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of replacing corn with sorghum in feed on performance, carcass yield, and composition of specialized meat cuts in quails. A total of 1200, 1-day-old female quails were raised up to 42 days of age. The completely randomized design consisted of four treatments with six replicates each and with 50 quails in each cage. Treatments consisted of four levels of sorghum replacement in the diet (0, 40, 60, and 100% sorghum). All birds were weighed to assess the weight gain. Feed conversion was calculated as the relationship between feed intake and weight gain. Mortality was reported daily and calculated at the end of each week. At 42 days, the birds were slaughtered and the carcass, thigh and drumstick, and breast yields were assessed. Mineral matter, ether extract, and crude protein analyses were performed using breast cuts and thigh + drumstick cuts. No significant differences were noted in cut performance, yield, or composition. Thus, it can be concluded that the ground grain sorghum can entirely replace corn in quail feed, as it does not negatively affect carcass performance, yield, and nutritional quality.
Performance and carcass traits of goat kids fed high-concentrate diets containing citrus pulp or soybean hulls
Authors: Polizel Daniel Montanher , Gobato Luiz Guilherme Mezzena , Souza Rodrigo Araújo de , Gentil Renato Shinkai , Ferreira Evandro Maia , Freire Ana Paula Alves , Susin Ivanete
Published: February 2016

ABSTRACT: The objective in this trial was to determine the effects of partial replacement of ground corn by citrus pulp or soybean hulls on performance and carcass characteristics of feedlot goat kids. Twenty one Boer x Saanen kids (initial BW 15.8 ± 0.7kg), nine males and 12 females, were distributed in a complete randomized block design, according to sex and initial body weight. Treatments were set by replacing 50% of ground corn (DM basis) for citrus pulp or soybean hulls; whereas, forage concentrate ratio was of 10:90. Partial replacement of corn by citrus pulp or soybean hulls increased dry matter intake, average daily gain and final body weight, but feed efficiency was not affected. There was no difference between citrus pulp or soybean hulls. Inclusion of coproducts increased slaughter weight, hot and cold carcass weight and longissimus muscle area, with no difference between citrus pulp and soybean hulls. Subcutaneous fat thickness, hot and cold carcass yields, shrink after chilling and body wall thickness were not affected by treatments. Citrus pulp and soybean hulls can replace 50% of ground corn (DM basis) increasing dry matter intake and weight gain in goat kids enabling higher slaughter weight at earlier age.
Prevention of Clostridium difficile infection in hamsters using a non-toxigenic strain
Authors: Oliveira Júnior Carlos Augusto de , Silva Rodrigo Otávio Silveira , Diniz Amanda Nádia , Pires Prhiscylla Sadanã , Lobato Francisco Carlos Faria , Assis Ronie Antunes de
Published: February 2016

ABSTRACT: The present study aimed to evaluate five non-toxigenic strains of Clostridium difficile (NTCD) in vitro and to select one strain to prevent C. difficile (CDI) infection in hamsters ( Mesocricetus auratus ). The NTCD strains were evaluated for spore production in vitro, antimicrobial susceptibility and presence of antimicrobial resistance genes. Approximately 107 spores of the selected strain (Z31) were administered by esophageal gavage in hamsters pretreated with 30mg kg-1 of clindamycin. The challenge with a toxigenic strain of C. difficile was conducted at 36 and 72h, and the animals were observed for 28 days. The NTCD strain of C. difficile (Z31) was able to prevent CDI in all animals that received it.
Replacing sugar with S. rebaudiana extracts on the physicochemical and sensory properties of strawberry ice cream
Authors: Aranda-Gonzalez Irma , Perera-Pacheco Maribel , Barbosa-Martín Enrique , Betancur-Ancona David
Published: February 2016

ABSTRACT: Ice cream is a product whose formulation requires considerable amounts of sugar. In addition to providing flavor, sugar contributes to the physicochemical characteristics of ice cream but its consumption in large quantities is related to chronic diseases such as diabetes and obesity. For this reason, the food industry seeks to formulate products with sweeteners that preserve the physicochemical and sensory characteristics of the original product. Stevia rebaudiana is a plant that naturally contains glycosides with no calories and high sweetening capacity and it is considered safe for consumption. Therefore the aim of this research was to evaluate the effect of replacing sugar with different levels of extracts of S. rebaudiana Morita II and Criolla, on the physicochemical and sensory properties of strawberry ice cream. Using a 2x2 factorial experimental design, a total of 4 formulations were prepared with two levels of concentration of the aqueous extract of Stevia rebaudiana (5 or 8%) and the variety of S. rebaudiana (Morita II or Criolla). Proximate composition, physicochemical properties and sensory evaluation were determined in processed products. The proximate analysis of strawberry ice cream varied significantly (P<0.05) depending of variety and level used on the formulation. The viscosities of all ice cream mixes were decreasing as the shear rate was increased, indicating a pseudoplastic behavior. The sensory analysis showed differences (P<0.05) among the formulations tested, however the score of all products were above the indifference point, suggesting that all of these formulations may have a commercial potential.
Histopathological evaluation and parasite quantification (qPCR) in the male dog's genital system after natural infection with Leishmania infantum
Authors: Oliveira Vinícius Vasconcelos Gomes de , Macedo Simone Regina Barros de , Araújo Flábio Ribeiro de , Ramos Carlos Alberto do Nascimento , Ramos Rafael Antonio Nascimento , Maia Frederico Celso Lyra , Alves Leucio Câmara , Silva Junior Valdemiro Amaro da
Published: February 2016

ABSTRACT: Canine visceral leishmaniasisis an important disease caused by the protozoon Leishmania infantum which affects several organs and systems, including the genital tract. The L. infantum tropism to the male genital system and correlation among parasite load, immunohistochemistry detection and structural changes in these organs is controversy. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate this correlation in the genital organs of the male dogs naturally infected with L. infantum. Samples from testicles, epididymis, prostate, glans penis, prepuce and scrotum were collected from 19 positive adult dogs. Structural changes were observed in the testicles (5.2%), epididymis (2.6%), prepuce (5.2%) and scrotum (5.2%) of the samples positive at immunohistochemistry examination. Conversely, similar structural changes were observed in all tissues negative at immunohistochemistry analysis. Moreover, L. infantum DNA was detected in all organs with the highest parasite load found in testicles, epididymis, and prostate gland. , Testicles had the highest parasite load but the lowest number of inflammatory lesions. These inflammatory lesions were observed in all organs of reproductive system of dogs; however, no correlation was observed between the parasite load and inflammatory lesions of dogs naturally infected with L. infantum.
Sample size for estimating average productive traits of pigeon pea
Authors: Facco Giovani , Cargnelutti Filho Alberto , Alves Bruna Mendonça , Burin Cláudia , Santos Gustavo Oliveira dos , Kleinpaul Jéssica Andiara , Neu Ismael Mario Márcio
Published: February 2016

ABSTRACT: The objectives of this study were to determine the sample size, in terms of number of plants, needed to estimate the average values of productive traits of the pigeon pea and to determine whether the sample size needed varies between traits and between crop years. Separate uniformity trials were conducted in 2011/2012 and 2012/2013. In each trial, 360 plants were demarcated, and the fresh and dry masses of roots, stems, and leaves and of shoots and the total plant were evaluated during blossoming for 10 productive traits. Descriptive statistics were calculated, normality and randomness were checked, and the sample size was calculated. There was variability in the sample size between the productive traits and crop years of the pigeon pea culture. To estimate the averages of the productive traits with a 20% maximum estimation error and 95% confidence level, 70 plants are sufficient.
Antioxidant potential of yerba mate (Ilex paraguariensis St. Hil.) extracts in Saccharomyces cerevisae deficient in oxidant defense genes
Authors: Piovezan-Borges A. C. , Valério-Júnior C. , Gonçalves I. L. , Mielniczki-Pereira A. A. , Valduga A. T.
Published: February 2016

Abstract Yerba-mate (Ilex paraguariensis St. Hil) is mainly consumed as “chimarrão”, a hot drink highly appreciated in Brazil, Argentina, Paraguay and Uruguay. This study evaluated the antioxidant potential of aqueous extracts of I. paraguariensis precipitated with ethanol. The leaves were processed as for tea product (TM) and oxidized (OX). The antioxidant potential was evaluated in cells of Saccharomyces cerevisiae deficient in antioxidant defense genes. Three strains evaluated were: a wild (EG) and two mutants (ctt1Δ e ctt1Δsod1Δ). These strains were pre-treated with the yerba-mate extracts (TM e OX) and submitted to oxidative stress induced by hydrogen peroxide. None of the extracts produced loss of cell viability. The extracts exerted antioxidant activity, protecting the strains (except sod1∆ctt1∆). The TM extract was more effective than OX. I. paraguariensis extracts showed a potential to be explored in the development of new products.
Selection of prey to improve biological parameters of the predator Podisus nigrispinus (Dallas, 1851) (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) in laboratory conditions
Authors: Bortoli S. A. De , Vacari A. M. , Laurentis V. L. , Bortoli C. P. De , Santos R. F. , Otuka A. K.
Published: February 2016

Abstract Mass production of predatory stinkbugs in the laboratory is prioritized to release them into the field as part of IPM programs. Therefore, the aim of this study was to identify the best prey for rearing the predator Podisus nigrispinus (Dallas, 1851) (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) among five different species of insect (three of Lepidoptera, one of Coleoptera, and one of Diptera). Second-instar P. nigrispinus nymphs were conditioned in transparent 1000-mL plastic pots, adults were placed in Petri dishes for mating, and both stages were maintained under controlled conditions (25 ± 1°C, 12 hours of photophase, 70 ± 10% RH). Nymphs and adults of P. nigrispinus consumed more Musca domestica (Linnaeus, 1758) (Diptera: Muscidae) larvae than the other tested prey. The consumption of fly larvae was 1.5 larvae/day/nymph and adults 1.7 larvae/day/adult. However, the number of eggs per female was less when the predator consumed M. domestica larvae (407.8 eggs/female) and most when consumed the Diatraea saccharalis (Fabricius, 1794) (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) larvae (797.7 eggs/female). Furthermore, the percentage of hatched eggs was greater when the predator females consumed D. saccharalis larvae (90.0%). D. saccharalis larvae is the best prey to rearing P. nigrispinus.
Structure and dynamics of the planktonic diatom community in the Iguassu River, Paraná State, Brazil
Authors: Nardelli M. S. , Bueno N. C. , Ludwig T. A. V. , Guimarães A. T. B.
Published: February 2016

Abstract The evaluation of abiotic and biotic variables can provide information for understanding the structure and function of lotic systems. To obtain this information, measurements of 15 chemical and physical variables and of phytoplankton were conducted at two sampling stations. The present study aims to evaluate the temporal and spatial variation of planktonic diatoms in terms of abiotic variables and the trophic level of the river water and to select diatom species as descriptors of the physical and chemical conditions of the water upstream (S1) and downstream (S2) of the Iguassu River over an annual cycle. Sampling station S1 was classified as oligotrophic to mesotrophic, and S2 was classified as ultra-oligotrophic to oligotrophic. A total of 98 diatom species distributed among 39 genera was recorded, showing no dominant species but 36 abundant species. Although the differences of chemical and physical variables between S1 and S2 were limited to greater turbulence and turbidity, processes triggered by heavy rainfall exerted a significant influence on community structure, and a temporal change in composition was observed. At the end of the dry period, due to the recovery of nutrients and high transparency, there was an abundance of Cocconeis placentula var. lineata. In the rainy period, with increased turbulence and turbidity processes resulting from higher rainfall, there was an abundance of Aulacoseira granulata var. granulata.
Survival and preference of cotton boll weevil adults for alternative food sources
Authors: Pimenta M. , Mata R. A. , Venzon M. , Cunha D. N. C. , Fontes E. M. G. , Pires C. S. S. , Sujii E. R.
Published: February 2016

Abstract Plants that have potential as alternative food source (floral nectar, pollen and plant tissues) to the boll weevil during the intercropping season were evaluated considering the prevalent conditions of Cerrado in the Central Brazil. Initially, we tested the nutritional adequacy for the survival of the insect of flower resource (pollen and nectar) provided by eight plant species (fennel, mexican sunflower, castor bean, okra, hibiscus, sorghum, pigeonpea and sunn hemp). Subsequently, we tested if the resources provided by the selected plants continued to be exploited by the boll weevil in the presence of cotton plant, its main food source average longevity of boll weevil adults was significantly longer when they were fed on hibiscus’ flowers (166.6 ± 74.4) and okra flowers (34.7 ± 28.9) than when they fed on flowers of other six species. Subsequently, the preference of the boll weevil in the use of resources was compared between okra or hibiscus and cotton plants, in dual choice experiments. Boll weevils preferred plants of the three species in the reproductive stages than those in vegetative stages. Although the cotton plant in the reproductive stage was the most preferred plant of all, boll weevils preferred flowering okra and hibiscus than cotton at the vegetative stage.
Effects of seasonal variations and collection methods on the mineral composition of propolis from Apis mellifera Linnaeus Beehives
Authors: Souza E. A. , Zaluski R. , Veiga N. , Orsi R. O.
Published: February 2016

Abstract The effects of seasonal variations and the methods of collection of propolis produced by Africanized honey bees Apis mellifera Linnaeus, 1758, on the composition of constituent minerals such as magnesium (Mg), zinc (Zn), iron (Fe), sodium (Na), calcium (Ca), copper (Cu), and potassium (K) were evaluated. Propolis was harvested from 25 beehives by scraping or by means of propolis collectors (screen, “intelligent” collector propolis [ICP], lateral opening of the super [LOS], and underlay method). During the one-year study, the propolis produced was harvested each month, ground, homogenized, and stored in a freezer at -10 ºC. Seasonal analyses of the mineral composition were carried out by atomic absorption spectrophotometry and the results were evaluated by analysis of variance (ANOVA), followed by Tukey-Kramer’s test to compare the mean values (p<0.05). The results showed that seasonal variations influence the contents of 5 minerals (Mg, Fe, Na, Ca, and Cu), and the propolis harvesting method affects the contents of 4 minerals (Mg, Zn, Fe, and Ca).
Impact of damming on the Chironomidae of the upper zone of a tropical run-of-the-river reservoir
Authors: Brandimarte A. L. , Anaya M. , Shimizu G. Y.
Published: February 2016

Abstract We examined the effects of the Mogi-Guaçu river damming (São Paulo State, Brazil) on the Chironomidae fauna. Pre, during, and post-filling sampling was carried out in the main channel and margins of one site in the upper zone of the reservoir, using a modified Petersen grab (325 cm2). We evaluated the total, subfamily, and tribe densities and also their relative abundance. Analysis of genera included densities, relative abundance, richness, and dominance. The Rosso’s ecological value index (EVI) determined the ecological importance of each genus. There was a tendency of decrease of the total Chironomidae density, increase in the percentage of Chironomini, and decrease in densities and percentages of Orthocladiinae and Tanytarsini. These changes in percentage were respectively related to Polypedilum, Lopescladius, and Rheotanytarsus, the genera with the highest EVI values. After-filling richness was lower in the margins and dominance of genera did not change significantly. Chironomidae in the margins was more sensitive to damming than in the main channel. This difference in sensibility sustains the use of Chironomidae as bioindicators. Damming impact was indicated by the reduction of both genera richness in the margins and relative abundance of groups typical of faster waters. The results have highlighted the need for multi-habitat analysis combined with a before-after sampling approach in the environmental impact studies concerning the damming impact on the benthic fauna.
Metodologias participativas de pesquisa e educação popular: reflexões sobre critérios de qualidade
Authors: Streck Danilo Romeu
Published: February 2016

O artigo, derivado da experiência de pesquisa do autor e de avaliações de trabalhos de pesquisa na educação popular, propõe a discussão de critérios de qualidade e validade das metodologias participativas, as quais, desde sua origem na América Latina, apresentam importantes afinidades com a educação popular. São discutidos, na ótica das metodologias participativas, os seguintes tópicos: a relevância social, a qualidade de descrição e de interpretação, a reflexividade coletiva, a qualidade da relação entre os sujeitos da pesquisa e a praticabilidade do conhecimento. Na conclusão, argumenta-se que a discussão sobre a qualidade da pesquisa em educação e educação popular pode contribuir para fazer frente ao produtivismo acadêmico, onde são confundidos critérios de quantidade e qualidade, a superar a dicotomização entre produtores e consumidores ou usuários de pesquisa, e para fomentar a densidade teórica da área.
O cuidado à saúde na perspectiva de trabalhadores homens portadores de doenças crônicas
Authors: Yoshida Valéria Cristina , Andrade Maria da Graça Garcia
Published: February 2016

O estudo, de natureza qualitativa, buscou conhecer de que forma trabalhadores homens, com pouca escolaridade, hipertensos e diabéticos, acompanhados num serviço da rede básica de Campinas-SP, Brasil, relacionam-se com sua condição de saúde e tratamento, no intuito de contribuir com a atenção básica no (re)conhecimento das necessidades de cuidado desses usuários. A partir de relatos colhidos por meio de entrevistas semiestruturadas, foram analisados os atributos da masculinidade e a experiência do cuidado da doença crônica. Encontraram-se vários aspectos do comportamento masculino socialmente construído, como: a importância do trabalho, a resistência à procura por serviços de saúde, a presença de hábitos como alcoolismo e tabagismo, associados às dificuldades no controle da doença, ligadas, sobretudo, às mudanças na alimentação e ao uso contínuo de medicamentos. A despeito disso, foram identificadas motivação e aceitação do tratamento, permitindo vislumbrar um caminho que promova o cuidado desses usuários.
Contingent Convertibles and their Impacts on the Optimization of the Capital Structure of Brazilian Banks Under Basel III
Authors: Goes Karina Cyganczuk , Sheng Hsia Hua , Schiozer Rafael Felipe
Published: February 2016

Banks around the world maintain excess regulatory capital, whether to minimize capitalization costs or to mitigate risks of financial difficulties. However, it was only after the financial crisis of 2008 that the quality of capital gained greater importance among international regulators, through the Third Basel Accord (Basel III), which suggested a capital structure formed of the new equity and debt hybrid instruments, that is, Contingent Convertibles (CoCos), which have the main goal of recapitalizing banks automatically when they show signs of financial difficulties. Using the continuous-time structural model developed by Koziol and Lawrenz (2012), with December 2013 as a reference, this paper analyzes the capital structure of the 10 biggest Brazilian banks in terms of total assets, comparing their current structures - with only subordinated debts - with the structure proposed in Basel III, composed solely of contingent convertibles, with a view to verifying the influence of CoCos in banks' risks and evaluating the effectiveness of this Basel III recommendation. Through the evidence obtained using the model mentioned, this paper's main contribution is in demonstrating that the use of CoCos would optimize the capital structure of banks under the restrictions of Basel III, considering these are effective. If not, the automatic recapitalization of these instruments could be used for shareholders' own benefit, thus increasing the likelihood of banks experiencing financial difficulties, which could cause a new financial crisis, like that which occurred in 2008.
The Relevance of the Informational Content of Book-Tax Differences for Predicting Future Income: Evidence from Latin American Countries
Authors: Marques Alessandra Vieira Cunha , Costa Patrícia de Souza , Silva Pablo Rogers
Published: February 2016

This study aims to investigate whether the different types of book-tax differences are useful for predicting the future income of publicly traded companies in five Latin American countries. This is possible since these differences convey information about transitory components of income, which can be used by investors for predicting future income. However, little is known about the relationship between tax variables and companies' future results. The sample analyzed here is composed of 580 publicly traded companies from five Latin American countries (Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Mexico, and Peru) with information available in the Economatica(r) database covering 2002 to 2013. In terms of methodology, regressions are employed in order to find a connection between the different types (total, permanent, temporary, and the negative and positive variations) of book-tax differences and companies' current and future earnings per share, as well as some control variables suggested by previous literature. The model's coefficients were estimated through panel data techniques: fixed effects. The results obtained suggest that the information gathered in the different types of book-tax differences (total, permanent, temporary, positive and negative variations) is relevant in predicting future income. Total, permanent and temporary differences contribute to the uncertainty in future income prediction, given that results are more transitory and less persistent in years with higher book-tax differences. Positive and negative variations, on the other hand, attribute higher income in coming years to greater variations in book-tax differences, representing increased timeliness of results and a reduction in off balance sheet funding for the publicly traded companies from these countries.
Atenção a pacientes oncológicos na Estratégia Saúde da Família: olhar do usuário
Authors: Wakiuchi Julia , Marcon Sonia Silva , Sales Catarina Aparecida
Published: February 2016

RESUMO Objetivo compreender as experiências de pacientes com câncer referentes aos cuidados recebidos e a relação com os profissionais da Estratégia Saúde da Família. Método pesquisa qualitativa, alicerçada na fenomenologia heideggeriana, realizada com dez pacientes com câncer residentes na área de abrangência de três unidades de saúde de uma cidade no noroeste do Paraná. Os dados foram coletados no domicílio, entre novembro de 2012 a fevereiro de 2013, por meio de entrevistas abertas. Resultados alguns pacientes depararam-se com a impessoalidade dos profissionais e ausência de empatia, interação e singularização no cuidado, enquanto outros tiveram suas expectativas atendidas, pois experimentaram um cuidado abrangente e permeado por solicitude, partilha de sentimentos e respeito. Conclusões a compreensão destas experiências suscita a reflexão sobre a assistência que é prestada nessa instancia de cuidados, e a importância de profissionais superarem atitudes impessoais e inautênticas, a fim de transcender a um novo patamar relacional e assistencial.
Representação da prática gerencial do enfermeiro na unidade de internação: perspectiva da equipe de enfermagem
Authors: Lima Rogério Silva , Lourenço Eliana Bernardes , Rosado Sara Rodrigues , Fava Silvana Maria Coelho Leite , Sanches Roberta Seron , Dázio Eliza Maria Rezende
Published: February 2016

RESUMO Objetivo Compreender os significados que a equipe de enfermagem atribui à prática gerencial do enfermeiro nas unidades de internação. Métodos Pesquisa exploratória, descritiva, de abordagem qualitativa, desenvolvida em um hospital geral de uma cidade do Sul de Minas Gerais. Utilizou-se a Teoria das Representações Sociais como referencial teórico. A amostra foi composta por 23 técnicos e cinco auxiliares de enfermagem. Os dados foram coletados por um roteiro de entrevista semiestruturada no período de dezembro de 2011 a janeiro de 2012. Para análise dos dados utilizou-se a análise do discurso, na concepção da psicologia social. Resultados Os significados atribuídos à gerência são elaborados a partir da relação de proximidade/distanciamento da equipe e das ações de cuidado aos pacientes. Conclusões A gerência, apreendida como processo aparte do cuidado, é qualificada como prática não familiar, de difícil compreensão e valoração.