bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Environmental Practices and Firm Performance in the Hospitality Industry: Does National Culture Matter?
Authors: Song Hyoung Ju , Wei Wei
Published: January 2024

Addressing a research gap regarding organizational outcomes and financial implications of environmental practices of hospitality firms in culturally diverse locations, this study employed a sample of publicly traded hospitality firms across 29 countries. This study’s primary focus was to explore the moderating influence of national culture on the relationship between different types of environmental practices and financial performance, drawing on institutional theory. The findings suggest that whether or not the investment in environmental practices significantly translates to financial performance is contingent on cultural orientation. Specifically, the study revealed a positive moderating impact of individualism and a negative moderating impact of power distance cultures, while masculinity and uncertainty avoidance have insignificant moderating impacts. The research findings and methodological approach offer novel and valuable insights into the current knowledge base on environmental practices. Furthermore, the findings have practical implications for industry practitioners, potential investors, and analysts in the hospitality sector.
Fatal superior vena cava rupture complicating dialysis catheter exchange
Authors: Ali Ahmed E , Al-Balas Alian , Benson Paul V , Almehmi Ammar
Published: January 2024

Central vein stenosis (CVS) is a common and challenging complication in hemodialysis patients with chronic central venous catheters (CVCs). CVS often remains asymptomatic and is discovered incidentally during follow-up imaging. CVS symptoms include arm swelling, venous hypertension, impaired dialysis flow rates, and development of collateral veins. However, these symptoms can be nonspecific and overlap with other conditions, making the diagnosis challenging. Timely recognition and appropriate intervention are crucial to prevent complications and optimize patient outcomes. Diagnostic tools commonly used include duplex ultrasonography and venography to assess the degree and location of stenosis. Management strategies for CVS encompass a multidisciplinary approach involving nephrologists, interventional radiologists, and vascular surgeons. Initial conservative measures may include anticoagulation therapy, along with pharmacological interventions such as antiplatelet agents and thrombolytics. The endovascular approach is the first line for managing CVS by using balloon angioplasty either alone or in combination with stent placement, but CVS typically recurs frequently, requiring repeated interventions with an increased risk of complications. Additionally, alternative vascular access options such as arteriovenous fistulas or grafts may be considered. In this report, we describe a case of a 25-year-old woman who presented with an extensive history of multiple dialysis access failure for left internal jugular vein central venous tunneled catheter exchange. The procedure was complicated by a fatal superior vena cava rupture likely related to the dislodgment of the guidewire causing perforation into the pericardium space with subsequent cardiopulmonary collapse. The post-mortem autopsy showed severe organized stenosis of SVC and transmural defect above the SVC/atrial junction.
Cannula associated deep vein thromboses in COVID-19 patients supported with VV ECMO
Authors: Niles Erin , Maldarelli Mary , Hamera Joseph , Lankford Allison , Galvagno Samuel M , Menne Ashley , Boswell Kimberly , Rector Raymond , Haase Daniel J , Tabatabai Ali , Powell Elizabeth K
Published: January 2024

Background:

VV ECMO is increasingly used as a rescue strategy for hypercarbic and hypoxic respiratory failure refractory to conventional management, and more than 14,000 patients with COVID-19 related respiratory failure have been supported with VV ECMO to date. One of the known complications of VV ECMO support is the development of cannula-associated deep vein thromboses (CaDVT). The purpose of this study was to identify the incidence of CaDVT in COVID-19 patients supported with VV ECMO as compared to non-COVID-19 patients. We hypothesized that due to the hypercoagulable state and longer duration of VV ECMO support required for patients with COVID-19, a higher incidence of CaDVT would be observed in these patients.

Methods:

This is a single center, retrospective observational study. About 291 non-trauma adult patients who were cannulated for VV ECMO and managed at our institution from January 1, 2014 to January 10, 2022 were included. The primary outcome was the presence of CaDVT 24 h after decannulation in COVID-19 versus non-COVID-19 patients. Our secondary outcome was continued presence of DVT on follow up imaging. CaDVT were defined as venous thrombi detected at prior cannulation sites.

Results:

Both groups had a high incidence of CaDVT. There was no significant difference in the incidence of CaDVT in COVID-19 patients compared to non-COVID-19 patients (95% vs 88%, p = 0.13). Patients with COVID-19 had an increased incidence of persistent CaDVT on repeat imaging (78% vs 56%, p = 0.03).

Conclusion:

Given the high number of post-decannulation CaDVT in both groups, routine screening should be a part of post ECMO care in both populations. Repeat venous duplex ultrasound should be performed to assess for the need for ongoing treatment given the high incidence of CaDVT that persisted on repeat duplex scans.
Final analysis of 379 pregnancy outcomes after exposure to dimethyl fumarate in a prospective international registry
Authors: Hellwig Kerstin , Rog David , McGuigan Christopher , Houtchens Maria K , Bruen Denise R , Mokliatchouk Oksana , Branco Filipe , Levin Seth , Everage Nicholas , Lin Xiaochen
Published: January 2024

Background:

Dimethyl fumarate (DMF) has a favorable benefit–risk profile treating people with multiple sclerosis and should be used in pregnant women only if the potential benefits outweigh potential risks to the fetus.

Objective:

Assess pregnancy outcomes in a completed international registry (TecGistry) of women with MS exposed to DMF.

Methods:

TecGistry included pregnant women with MS exposed to DMF, with data collected at enrollment, 6–7 months gestation, 4 weeks after estimated due date, and at postpartum weeks 4, 12, and 52. Outcomes included live births, gestational size, pregnancy loss, ectopic/molar pregnancies, birth defects, and infant/maternal death.

Results:

Of 397 enrolled, median (range) age was 32 years (19–43). Median (range) gestational week at enrollment was 10 (0–39) and at first DMF exposure was 1 (0–13). Median (range) duration of gestational DMF exposure was 5 weeks (0–40). Fifteen (3.8%) spontaneous abortions occurred. Of 360 (89.1%) live births, 323 were full term and 37 were premature. One neonatal death and no maternal deaths occurred. Adjudicator-confirmed EUROCAT birth defects were found in 2.2%.

Conclusion:

DMF exposure during pregnancy did not adversely affect pregnancy outcomes; birth defects, preterm birth, and spontaneous abortion were in line with rates from the general population.
Enhancing L2 sound learning through the integration of audio-visual information: Phonetic training in the classroom
Authors: Li Ying
Published: January 2024

The present study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of an audio-visual high variability phonetic training (AV-HVPT) approach in improving the pronunciation of English interdental sounds /θ, ð/ and vowel /ɪ/ among a group of Chinese graduates. A total of 70 participants were randomly assigned to two groups: one received AV-HVPT instruction (Class 1) and the other one received traditional teacher-led instruction (Class 2). The overall findings showed that Class 1 significantly improved /θ, ð/ pronunciation but Class 2 did not. No improvement in /ɪ/ pronunciation was observed in either group. This may suggest that the effectiveness of the AV-HVPT approach in the classroom might be limited in the learning of sounds with salient articulatory gestures.
Challenges and opportunities for minority students at police academies: A national sample
Authors: Semukhina Olga B. , Alexander Bowers David , Michael Reynolds Kenneth
Published: January 2024

This article examines institutional factors influencing graduation rates for police trainees of different races and ethnic groups. The study is based on the Census of Law Enforcement Training Academies data collected in 2013 and 2018. It uses both analysis of variance and ordinary least squares regressions to analyze the data. Overall, the article reports a statistically significant improvement for Hispanic trainees’ graduation rates when comparing 2013 and 2018. However, the same was not true for Black students at the police academies who continued to trail in 2018 compared with both White and Hispanic students. Our findings show that the length of the program and the location of the academy in the South were negatively influencing the graduation rates for all groups of cadets in both datasets. Other findings show that minority trainees were more likely to succeed where minimum education requirements for the instructors were in place, academies were affiliated with academic institutions, field training was the preferred mode of instruction, and where dormitories were not present.
A comprehensive review of Gum metal's potential as a biomedical material
Authors: Kanapaakala Gouthamaraj , Subramani Venkatesan
Published: January 2024

The demand for low elastic modulus and biocompatible load-bearing implants has experienced a significant surge in recent times. Gum metal, a noteworthy category of β-Ti alloys, has gained substantial recognition in the biomedical field. This is primarily attributed to its remarkable blend of characteristics, encompassing non-toxic and biocompatible elements, a low elastic modulus, superelasticity, and high strength. Achieving these properties involves precise electronic criteria within their composition and substantial deformation, often through cold swaging. Recent years have seen innovative processing methods and alloy compositions to meet these requirements, expanding Gum metal's properties and applications. This review offers a thorough look at Gum metal, covering its discovery and highlighting its unique properties, with a particular focus on its relevance in the biomedical field. It critically analyzes the various phases of Gum metal and delves deeply into its deformation mechanism, unveiling its exceptional shape recovery capability even after significant deformation. Theoretical alloy design strategies for Gum metal are addressed, providing a glimpse into the ongoing efforts to optimize its performance for biomedical applications. The impact of oxygen on the Gum metal's properties is explored. The review also scrutinizes biocompatibility and corrosion behavior studies conducted on Gum metal, emphasizing its appropriateness for biomedical implants. Finally, various fabrication and processing routes for Gum metal are reviewed, offering insights into the techniques employed to harness its potential for practical applications.
A proposed modern standardized technical approach for symptomatic chronic carotid total occlusion management
Authors: Radu Răzvan Alexandru , Cagnazzo Federico , Schiphorst Adrien Ter , Machi Paolo , Dargazanli Cyril , Lefevre Pierre-Henri , Gascou Gregory , Costalat Vincent
Published: January 2024

Chronic carotid total occlusion (CCTO) is a known cause of ischemic stroke and transient ischemic attack. Symptomatic CCTO is associated with up to 30% risk of recurrent ischemic stroke, despite optimal medical treatment. Notably, a randomized controlled trial reported that previous surgical management did not improve the overall prognosis of these patients. Endovascular treatment of CCTO has been proposed as a feasible strategy to re-establish cerebral perfusion in symptomatic patients. However, its use is controversial and not supported by evidence from randomized clinical trials. Recently, a meta-analysis reported a reasonably high procedural success without an excess periprocedural complication rate, but several steps are needed before the procedure is mature enough to be tested in randomized controlled trials. This review highlights the developments in the endovascular recanalization of CCTO and emphasizes key steps towards standardizing the procedure.
A Systematic Review and New Analyses of the Gender-Equality Paradox
Authors: Herlitz Agneta , Hönig Ida , Hedebrant Kåre , Asperholm Martin
Published: January 2024

Some studies show that living conditions, such as economy, gender equality, and education, are associated with the magnitude of psychological sex differences. We systematically and quantitatively reviewed 54 articles and conducted new analyses on 27 meta-analyses and large-scale studies to investigate the association between living conditions and psychological sex differences. We found that sex differences in personality, verbal abilities, episodic memory, and negative emotions are more pronounced in countries with higher living conditions. In contrast, sex differences in sexual behavior, partner preferences, and math are smaller in countries with higher living conditions. We also observed that economic indicators of living conditions, such as gross domestic product, are most sensitive in predicting the magnitude of sex differences. Taken together, results indicate that more sex differences are larger, rather than smaller, in countries with higher living conditions. It should therefore be expected that the magnitude of most psychological sex differences will remain unchanged or become more pronounced with improvements in living conditions, such as economy, gender equality, and education.
A rare neurological manifestation of diabetes mellitus—Hemichorea-hemiballismus in a patient with diabetic striatopathy: A case report
Authors: Wettasinghe Indika , Elanko Arjunar , Ratnayake Asanka , Rajendiran Varithamby Thambippillai , Mendis Suresh
Published: January 2024

Diabetic striatopathy is a rare neurological complication of diabetes mellitus that presents with sudden onset hemichorea or hemiballismus and is associated with hyperglycemia and striatal abnormality, either by hyperdensity on non-contrast computer tomography or hyperintensity on T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging. Here we report a 55-year-old female, from Sri Lanka, who presented with involuntary movements of the left upper and lower limbs. Her past medical history included diabetes mellitus and she was on warfarin 5 mg daily for a mechanical mitral and tricuspid valve replacement. The random blood sugar on admission was 462 mg/dL and the last INR was 3.03. While hemiballismus has multiple etiologies, intracranial hemorrhage would be the main differential in a patient on anticoagulation. Other differentials include drug-induced dyskinesia, metabolic abnormalities, and autoimmune etiologies. Hemiballismus in the presence of high blood glucose should always raise the suspicion of diabetic striatopathy. The non-contrast computed tomography of the brain showed hyperdensity in the right-side caudate nucleus, lentiform nucleus, and globus pallidus which is a characteristic of diabetic striatopathy but could have been mistaken for an intracranial hemorrhage. The involuntary movements improved with glucose control and treatment with clonazepam and tetrabenazine. This case highlights the potential for misdiagnosis of diabetic striatopathy as an intracranial hemorrhage in a patient on warfarin, which can lead to delays in appropriate management and erroneous omission of warfarin. Early recognition and treatment of diabetic striatopathy can lead to significant improvement in the quality of life.
Monitoring walking asymmetries and endpoint control in persons living with chronic stroke: Implications for remote diagnosis and telerehabilitation
Authors: Song Jiafeng , Hardin Elizabeth C
Published: January 2024

Objective

The objective of this study was to assess the feasibility of monitoring and diagnosing compromised walking motion in the frontal plane, particularly in persons living with the chronic effects of stroke (PwCS). The study aimed to determine whether active control of walking in the frontal plane could be monitored and provide diagnostic insights into compensations made by PwCS during community living.

Methods

The study recruited PwCS with noticeable walking asymmetries and employed a monitoring method to assess frontal plane motion. Monitoring was conducted both within a single assessment and between assessments. The study aimed to uncover baseline data and diagnostic information about active control in chronic stroke survivors. Data were collected using sensors during 6 minutes of walking and compared between the paretic and non-paretic legs.

Results

The study demonstrated the feasibility of monitoring frontal plane motion and diagnosing disturbed endpoint control ( p < 0.0125) in chronic stroke survivors when comparing the paretic leg to the non-paretic leg. A greater variability was observed in the paretic leg ( p < 0.0125), and sensors were able to diagnose a stronger coupling of the body with its endpoint on the paretic side ( p < 0.0125). Similar results were obtained when monitoring was conducted over a six-minute walking period, and no significant diagnostic differences were found between the two monitoring assessments. Monitoring did not reveal performance fatigue or debilitation over time.

Conclusions

This study's findings indicate that monitoring frontal plane motion is a feasible approach for diagnosing compromised walking motion. The results suggest that individuals with walking asymmetries, exhibit differences in endpoint control and variability between their paretic and non-paretic legs. These insights could contribute to more effective rehabilitation strategies and highlight the potential for monitoring compensations during various activities of daily living.
It Takes a Village: A Conceptual Model for Black American Community Partnerships
Authors: Clemons Krystal L.
Published: January 2024

School counselors underutilize three community entities within the Black American community: the Black Church, salons and barbershops, and Black Greek letter organizations (BGLOs). School counselors can use cultural wealth and multitiered systems of support (MTSS) as frameworks for making these connections to further cultivate Black American student achievement. This conceptual article provides information to aid school counselors in assisting students through data and SMART goals; bolstering student success; and closing the achievement, attainment, and opportunity gaps.
Interpersonal Linkage in Positive and Negative Emotional Behaviors, Emotional Well-Being, and Physical Functioning in Dementia Caregivers
Authors: Chen Kuan-Hua , Merrilees Jennifer , Brown Casey L. , Yee Claire , Sapozhnikova Anna , Wells Jenna L. , Ferrer Emilio , Pressman Peter S. , Fredrickson Barbara L. , Levenson Robert W.
Published: January 2024

Caring for a person with dementia (PWD) can produce declines in caregivers’ emotional well-being and physical functioning, which could result from disruptions in the emotional linkage between PWDs and caregivers. We examined the effects of interpersonal linkage in emotional behaviors on emotional well-being and physical functioning in caregivers and control partners. Forty-five PWD–caregiver dyads and 12 control dyads had a 10-min unrehearsed conflict conversation in the laboratory. We quantified positive and negative emotional linkage as the covariation between objectively coded positive and negative emotional behaviors during the conversation. Caregivers and one partner in the control dyads completed questionnaires concerning their emotional well-being and physical functioning. We found that lower positive emotional linkage was associated with lower emotional well-being in caregivers and control partners. We did not find similar effects with negative emotional linkage or for physical functioning. We offer possible explanations for these findings and implications for assessing caregiver risk.
Development-induced Changes in the ‘Urban Landscape’ and ‘Social Space’: A Case Study of Metro Rail’s Impact on the Hyderabad City
Authors: Gopal Amajala Venu , Singh M. Romesh
Published: January 2024

Scholars interested in urban space focus on topics such as place-making, place attachment, place identities and the politics of place. The expanded landscape of cities compels its inhabitants to constantly move into the city for livelihood and other activities. Consequently, urban anthropologists showed considerable interest in people’s mobility, infrastructure associated with mobility and mobility cultures in the city. However, in its dynamics, mobility alters the urban space, leading to the emergence of new frontiers for holistic urban phenomena. How urban space expansion causes mobility needs and the mobility solution, in turn, modifies urban space is the prime concern for the research.

The present research focuses on the changes that occurred in the urban space with the onset of a single development programme introduced for people’s mobility needs. The study investigated ‘Metro’ commuters and non-commuters in Hyderabad City. Data for this urban ethnographic study of an Indian city were gathered using observation, semi-structured interviews and the case study approach. The study finds that Metro rail construction and operation for the mobility needs of the people have produced a new kind of techno-space on the roads of Hyderabad city. It also highlights how Metro pushed the ‘gentrification’ process to the forefront of urban social structural changes.
The Role of Corporate Social Responsibility Spending on Firm Performance with Earnings Management as a Moderating Variable: Evidence from the Indian Market
Authors: Ahmad Gayas , Haseeb Mohammad , Hossain Md. Emran , Alam Waseem , Hayat Feeroz , Shahid Mohammad
Published: January 2024

This study seeks to examine the influence of corporate social responsibility (CSR) spending on firm performance (FP) and supplementary examine the contraction effect of CSR spending and earning management (EM) on the FP in the setting of Indian companies. The sample size employed in this study is 82 companies from S&P BSE 100 index during 2015&–2021. Further, Tobin&’s Q is used as an indicator for measuring the FP. The modified Jones model is employed as a proxy to quantify EM in the form of discretionary accruals (DACC). The methodological model for analysis followed in the work is pooled ordinary least square. The study reveals pragmatic evidence that enterprises engaged in the exercise of EM have no encouragement in CSR spending. In addition to this, the second hypothesis, based on EM, CSR, and earnings management, negatively influences FP in the Indian context. The results of this research will be of certain interest to business owners who want to gauge the efficacy of directors&’ and managers&’ sustainability choices, as well as investors and public authorities who want to evaluate the positive correlation between CSR and a company&’s performance and image, and therefore, the favorable impact on the firm&’s performance.
Kinetics of IL-6, C-reactive Protein and Fibrinogen Levels in COVID-19 Outpatients Who Evolved to Hypoxemia
Authors: Mendes-Filho Sérgio Paulo de Mello , de Souza Pinheiro Rebeca , Martins Fernanda Simão , Giroldi Paulo Jose , e Melo Raul Honorato , de Oliveira Edcleia Lopes , dos Santos Anibal Borin , Medeiros Dayse Cristina Oliveira , Lopes Jéssica Amaral , Chaves Yury Oliveira , Zuliani Juliana Pavan , Nogueira Paulo Afonso
Published: January 2024

Introduction:

Despite the efficacy of the COVID-19, the search for improvements in the management of severe/critical cases continues to be important. The aim is to demonstrate the kinetics of 4 serological markers in patients with COVID-19 who evolved in hypoxemia.

Methods:

From June to December 2020, the Health Secretariat of Rondônia State, Brazil, established a home medical care service team (HMCS) that provided clinical follow-up for health professionals and military personnel with COVID-19. The clinical and laboratory monitoring was individualized at home by a nursing and medical team. In addition to laboratory parameters, C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin-6 (IL-6), fibrinogen, and D-dimer levels were periodically taken to monitor the evolution of treatment.

Results:

Of 218 patients telemonitored, 48 patients needed special care by the HMCS team due to shortness of breath. Chest tomography showed multiple ground-glass shadows and lung parenchymal condensations that was compatible with secondary bacterial infection associated with leukocytosis, for which antibiotics were prescribed. The symptoms were accompanied by increases of CRP and IL-6 levels followed by fibrinogen after a few days, for which an anticoagulant therapy was included. Thirty-three patients evolved to improvements in clinical signs and laboratory results. Between the sixth and eighth day of illness, 15 patients presented signs of hypoxemia with low O2 saturation accompanied with an increase in the respiratory rate, with some of them requiring oxygen therapy. As they did not present signs of clinical severity, but their laboratory markers showed an abrupt IL-6 peak that was higher than the increase in CRP and a new alteration in fibrinogen levels, they received a supplemental dose of anticoagulant and a high dose of corticosteroids, which resulted in clinical improvement.

Conclusion:

Our study demonstrates that monitoring of IL-6 and CRP may identify precocious hypoxemia in COVID-19 patients and prevented the progressive deterioration of the lung injury.
A refined simulation method of building earthquake evacuation processes considering multi-exits and time-variant velocities
Authors: Duan Yinghao , Li Chenyun , He Jun
Published: January 2024

This study proposes a refined method for effectively simulating the evacuation processes of multi-story buildings during earthquakes. The method is developed by combining the exit-option algorithm and multi-velocity field model with the previously developed probabilistic network-based floor-field cellular automaton (PN-FFCA) model. Besides, the formula is also proposed for calculating the time-variant moving velocities of evacuees in the buildings subjected to the earthquake loads. Consequently, the refined method can fully consider the effect of multi-exits and time-variant velocities on the random evacuation processes of multi-story buildings during earthquakes. The recorded evacuation process of a school classroom during the 2022 Luding earthquake in China is reproduced using the refined method, which verifies its validity. In addition, the evacuation processes of an actual three-story office building subjected to random earthquake loads are simulated using the refined method. The simulated results are compared with those obtained from the PN-FFCA to demonstrate the advantages and utility of the refined method.
The potential role of ocular and otolaryngological mucus proteins in myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome
Authors: Huitsing Kaylin , Tritsch Tara , Arias Francisco Javier Carrera , Collado Fanny , Aenlle Kristina K. , Nathason Lubov , Fletcher Mary Ann , Klimas Nancy G. , Craddock Travis J. A.
Published: January 2024

Myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS) is a debilitating illness associated with a constellation of other symptoms. While the most common symptom is unrelenting fatigue, many individuals also report suffering from rhinitis, dry eyes and a sore throat. Mucin proteins are responsible for contributing to the formation of mucosal membranes throughout the body. These mucosal pathways contribute to the body’s defense mechanisms involving pathogenic onset. When compromised by pathogens the epithelium releases numerous cytokines and enters a prolonged state of inflammation to eradicate any particular infection. Based on genetic analysis, and computational theory and modeling we hypothesize that mucin protein dysfunction may contribute to ME/CFS symptoms due to the inability to form adequate mucosal layers throughout the body, especially in the ocular and otolaryngological pathways leading to low grade chronic inflammation and the exacerbation of symptoms.
A Dual-Task Learning Approach for Bearing Anomaly Detection and State Evaluation of Safe Region
Authors: Yin Yuhua , Liu Zhiliang , Guo Bin , Zuo Mingjian
Published: January 2024

Predictive maintenance has emerged as an effective tool for curbing maintenance costs, yet prevailing research predominantly concentrates on the abnormal phases. Within the ostensibly stable healthy phase, the reliance on anomaly detection to preempt equipment malfunctions faces the challenge of sudden anomaly discernment. To address this challenge, this paper proposes a dual-task learning approach for bearing anomaly detection and state evaluation of safe regions. The proposed method transforms the execution of the two tasks into an optimization issue of the hypersphere center. By leveraging the monotonicity and distinguishability pertinent to the tasks as the foundation for optimization, it reconstructs the SVDD model to ensure equilibrium in the model's performance across the two tasks. Subsequent experiments verify the proposed method's effectiveness, which is interpreted from the perspectives of parameter adjustment and enveloping trade-offs. In the meantime, experimental results also show two deficiencies in anomaly detection accuracy and state evaluation metrics. Their theoretical analysis inspires us to focus on feature extraction and data collection to achieve improvements. The proposed method lays the foundation for realizing predictive maintenance in a healthy stage by improving condition awareness in safe regions.
Modeling of radial growth curves and radial variation of basic density in Chamaecyparis obtusa planted in two progeny test sites
Authors: Takahashi Yusuke , Ishiguri Futoshi , Matsushita Michinari , Nezu Ikumi , Ohshima Jyunichi , Yokota Shinso , Tamura Akira , Tsubomura Miyoko , Takahashi Makoto
Published: January 2024

The objectives of the present study are to clarify the effect of macro- and micro-environment on the radial growth patterns and radial variation patterns of basic density in hinoki cypress (Chamaecyparis obtusa (Sieb. et Zucc.) Endl.). We evaluated the radial variation patterns of cumulative annual ring width (as radial growth pattern) and basic density by modeling methods using hinoki cypress 36 families planted at two progeny test sites. In addition, narrow-sense heritability and correlation between sites for annual ring width and basic density were investigated. As the results of modeling for radial growth patterns, radial growth patterns slightly differed between sites. In addition, the stem diameter reaching the plateau might be varied among blocks in a site. On the other hand, radial variation of basic density was affected by genetic factors rather than blocks in the site. However, the radial growth rate may somewhat affect the radial variation of basic density. The heritability and correlation coefficients between sites in basic density were higher than those of annual ring width. Therefore, although radial growth in hinoki cypress varies by the effects of micro- and macro-environmental factors and has some influence on the radial variation of basic density, basic density is more strongly affected by genetic factors than by these influences, allowing for effective improvement for wood density by tree breeding program.
The pyroptosis mediated biomarker pattern: an emerging diagnostic approach for Parkinson’s disease
Authors: Liang Junhan , Wan Zhirong , Qian Cheng , Rasheed Madiha , Cao Changling , Sun Jingyan , Wang Xuezhe , Chen Zixuan , Deng Yulin
Published: January 2024

Background

Parkinson’s disease (PD) affects 1% of people over 60, and long-term levodopa treatment can cause side effects. Early diagnosis is of great significance in slowing down the pathological process of PD. Multiple pieces of evidence showed that non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) could participate in the progression of PD pathology. Pyroptosis is known to be regulated by ncRNAs as a key pathological feature of PD. Therefore, evaluating ncRNAs and pyroptosis-related proteins in serum could be worthy biomarkers for early diagnosis of PD.

Methods

NcRNAs and pyroptosis/inflammation mRNA levels were measured with reverse transcriptase quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). Luciferase assays were performed to confirm GSDME as a target of miR-675-5p and HMGB1 as a target of miR-1247-5p. In the serum of healthy controls (n = 106) and PD patients (n = 104), RT-qPCR was utilized to assess miR-675-5p, miR-1247-5p, and two related ncRNAs (circSLC8A1and lncH19) levels. The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay measured serum levels of pyroptosis-related proteins in controls (n = 54) and PD patients (n = 70).

Results

Our data demonstrated that miR-675-5p and miR-1247-5p significantly changed in PD neuron and animal models. Overexpressed miR-675-5p or downregulated miR-1247-5p could regulate pyroptosis and inflammation in PD neuron models. Using the random forest algorithm, we constructed a classifier based on PD neuron-pyroptosis pathology (four ncRNAs and six proteins) having better predictive power than single biomarkers (AUC = 92%). Additionally, we verified the performance of the classifier in early-stage PD patients (AUC ≥ 88%).

Conclusion

Serum pyroptosis-related ncRNAs and proteins could serve as reliable, inexpensive, and non-invasive diagnostic biomarkers for PD.

Limitations

All participants were from the same region. Additionally, longitudinal studies in the aged population are required to explore the practical application value of the classifier.
Bilateral renal lymphangiectasia: a rare renal cystic disease managed by minimal invasive approach—a case report
Authors: Venkatachalam Navaneethakrishnan , Murugesan Anandan
Published: January 2024

Background

Renal cystic diseases are one of the commonest renal lesions encountered in clinical practice. Although common, most of the cysts are solitary, benign, asymptomatic and seldom clinically significant. But, renal lymphangiectasia is an exception. These are rare lymphatic malformation seen around the kidneys and in the retroperitoneum. It masquerades clinically like ADPKD and renal tumors and radiologically like a complex renal cyst. Although the cyst is benign, it possesses a significant impact on the quality of life. Because of its rarity, the management of this condition has not been well defined in the literature. A clinician must be aware of this rare condition and able to differentiate it from other similar conditions to aid in appropriate management. Hence, we present a case report of a female with bilateral renal lymphangiectasia managed successfully by laparoscopic excision.

Case presentation

A 34-year-old hypertensive female came with complaints of bilaterally progressive flank masses for 3 months and breathlessness for 2 weeks. On examination, she had bilateral pitting pedal edema, bilateral palpable renal mass and ascites. She had nephrotic range proteinuria, hypoalbuminemia and normal renal function. Imaging showed 22-cm bilateral peri-renal and hilar multi-loculated cystic lesions, suggestive of bilateral renal lymphangiectasia. Antihypertensives and percutaneous interventions were not successful in relieving her symptoms. Subsequently, she was managed with laparoscopic excision on both sides. After surgery, she had an uneventful postoperative period and good symptomatic relief. No recurrence of the lesion found in follow-up CT imaging after 18 months.

Conclusions

Renal lymphangiectasia is a rare yet clinically significant cystic lesion of the kidney. It can be diagnosed confidently by noninvasive imaging modalities. Medical treatment offered for mild symptomatic disease. Patients with severe symptoms need surgical intervention especially if it is not responding to medical management. Minimal invasive approach is feasible and successful in the management of this voluminous disease.
Bladder tumor ablation with 980-nm and 980-/1470-nm diode lasers: a retrospective study
Authors: Hameed Farooq , Anwaar Adeel
Published: January 2024

Purpose

This study evaluated the safety and feasibility of ablation of both non-muscle invasive and muscle invasive bladder tumors using single- and dual-wavelength diode lasers (980 nm and 980/1470 nm).

Methods

We retrospectively examined 151 patients with bladder tumors of any type from 2009 to 2021 who underwent V-LABT (visual laser ablation of bladder tumor) with both single- and dual-wavelength diode lasers at Shalamar Hospital Lahore, Pakistan. All procedures were performed by the same surgeon. Shalamar Medical and Dental College review board approved this retrospective cohort study (IRB No. -623-2023). The collected clinical data were consolidated into a single group, encompassing various variables such as the patients’ age, tumor size, number of tumors, tumor location, tumor grade, ablation duration, postoperative catheterization time, bladder discomfort, obturator nerve reflex, intraoperative and postoperative complications, and recurrence of tumors at the ablation sites. The patients were monitored for a minimum of 12 months to observe recurrence at the ablation sites through cystoscopy performed postoperatively every three months. The data were analyzed using Chi-square test, and p value < 0.05 was considered significant.

Results

The average age of the 151 patients was found to be 64.72 ± 13.85 years. The size of the tumors was 4.88 ± 2.16 cm, with 48/151 (31.7%) patients having tumors larger than 3 cm. Among the cases studied, 117/151 (77.4%) patients had a single tumor, while the remaining patients had multiple tumors ranging in size from 5 to 7 cm in aggregate. Ablation took 1.57 ± 0.73 h to complete on average. None of the patients required a conversion to TURBT in 151 patients. No obturator reflexes or bladder perforations were observed in any case. Postoperatively, histopathology results showed 53/151 (35%) and 92/151 (60.9%) high- and low-grade tumors. The average catheterization duration was 6.58 ± 1.47 days. Tumors located on difficult sites, such as the anterior wall, lateral wall, and bladder neck, were ablated with ease. There was no recurrence seen on previously tumor ablated sites till 12-month follow-up.

Conclusion

Ablation of bladder tumors of any type using single- or dual-wavelength diode laser (980 nm and 980/1470 nm) is safe and feasible. These lasers possess the capability to effectively ablate/coagulate bladder tumors in challenging anatomical locations including diverticular tumors with minimal difficulty.
Facilitating the market transition away from persistent and mobile substances: a report on tools developed by ChemSec in the ZeroPM project: SIN list, Marketplace and the PFAS guide
Authors: Lennquist Anna , Kleimark Jonatan , Arp Hans Peter H. , Hale Sarah E.
Published: January 2024

Persistent, mobile and toxic (PMT) and very persistent and very mobile (vPvM) substances have gained significant attention in recent years. The substances do not break down in the environment over appreciable time scale, can travel long distances with water bodies and can cause toxic effects on the environment and human health. Hazard classes for these substances were introduced into the Classification, Labelling and Packaging Regulation in March 2023. A key preventative measure to reduce manufacture, use and emissions of PMT/vPvM substances, is a market transition away from these substances to less harmful alternatives. Companies may be unaware of which of their products contain PMT/vPvM substances. The Horizon Europe research project ZeroPM: Zero pollution of persistent, mobile substances is seeking to support this market transition by developing and further extending tools including the Substitute It Now (SIN) List, the Marketplace and a PFAS Guide for companies. These tools will be discussed.
Ride2Rail: integrating ridesharing to increase the attractiveness of rail travel
Authors: Golightly David , Altobelli Emiliano , Bassi Nicola , Buchníček Petr , Consonni Cristian , Juránková Petra , Mitropoulos Lambros , Rizzi Giuseppe , Rossi Matteo , Scrocca Maria , Rutanen Eetu , Kortsari Annie , Niavis Harris
Published: January 2024

Shared travel offers an important way to increase the accessibility of rail services. However, providing an integrated shared travel capability for rail travel is both a conceptual and technical challenge. This paper presents an overview of Ride2Rail, enabling ‘Easy use for all’ of rail through ridesharing as part of a multimodal journey. Ride2Rail has the overall objective of developing intelligent multimodal mobility, by facilitating the efficient combination of flexible and crowdsourced transport services, such as ridesharing, with scheduled transport. A requirements activity has set out the travel behaviour and system requirements for Ride2Rail. Development activities have covered the technical implementation of Ride2Rail, involving both development of the Ride2Rail functionalities and the Ride2Rail Driver Companion application, integrated within the wider Shift2Rail ecosystem. Demonstration activities have involved the preparation, implementation, execution and monitoring of Ride2Rail at four demonstration sites. This paper outlines the overall approach and findings of the Ride2Rail. This demonstrates the technical feasibility of integrating shared travel, including the architecture for a shared ride capability that can be readily integrated into pre-existing Mobility as a Service (MaaS) platform. Additionally, the paper reports positive user attitudes to this kind of shared travel, within the context of multimodal trips.
Association of parathyroid hormone with risk of hypertension and type 2 diabetes: a dose-response meta-analysis
Authors: Feng Mingming , Xu Mengqi , Wang Qing , Xia Shicui , Yu Cheng , Li Min , Liu Yafeng
Published: January 2024

Background

Despite an increase in parathyroid hormone (PTH) has been reported to be associated with a higher risk of hypertension and type 2 diabetes (T2D), the comprehensive evaluation of the dose-response relationship between PTH and hypertension and T2D remains ambiguous. Therefore, a dose-response meta-analysis was performed to quantitatively investigate this association.

Methods

PubMed, Web of Science, and Embase were systematically searched up to May 2023. Random-effect models were used to estimate the summary odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Restricted cubic splines were used to model the dose-response association.

Results

Ten articles (including 13 studies) were identified, with a total of 11,878 cases and 51,234 participants in the meta-analysis. Of these studies, eight (five cohort and three cross-sectional) studies investigated the association of PTH with hypertension; five (two cohort and three cross-sectional) studies assessed the association of PTH with T2D. The results showed a positive relationship between PTH and the risk of hypertension (OR,1.24, 95% CI: 1.16–1.33). We found a linear association between PTH and hypertension (Pnon−linearity= 0.222). In the dose-response analysis, the risk of hypertension increased 5% for every 10 pg/ml increase in PTH (OR,1.05, 95% CI: 1.02–1.08). The pooled OR of T2D risk for a 10 pg/ml increase in PTH was 1.00 (95% CI: 0.98–1.02).

Conclusions

Elevated PTH is associated with an increased risk of hypertension. However, the evidence of the association between PTH and T2D is limited, and more well-designed studies need to be explored.
Association between hemoglobin A1c and abdominal aortic calcification: results from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2013–2014
Authors: Cai Can , Wang Lingsong , Chen Quanyao , Lin Min , Pan Xiuming , Chen Weida , Shi Danni , Chen Yao
Published: January 2024

Background

Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), a “gold standard” for the assessment of glycemic control, was associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease and coronary artery calcification. However, its effects on abdominal aortic calcification (AAC) are uncertain. The present study comprehensively investigated the association between HbA1c and AAC in the 2013–2014 National Health and Nutrition Examinations Surveys.

Methods

Among 1,799 participants ≥ 40 years, dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry-derived AAC was quantified using the Kauppila score (AAC-24). Severe AAC was defined as a total AAC-24 > 6. Weighted linear regression models and logistic regression models were used to determine the effects of HbA1c on AAC. The restricted cubic spline model was used for the dose-response analysis.

Results

The mean AAC-24 of participants was 1.3, and 6.7% of them suffered from severe AAC. Both AAC-24 and the prevalence of severe AAC increased with the higher tertile of HbA1c (P < 0.001). Elevated HbA1c levels would increase the AAC-24 (β = 0.73, 95% CI: 0.30–1.16) and the risk of severe AAC (OR = 1.63, 95% CI: 1.29–2.06), resulting in nearly linear dose-response relationships in all participants. However, this positive correlation were not statistically significant when participants with diabetes were excluded. Furthermore, subgroup analysis showed significant interactions effect between HbA1c and hypertension on severe AAC with the OR (95% CI) of 2.35 (1.62–3.40) for normotensives and 1.39 (1.09–1.79) for hypertensives (P for interaction = 0.022).

Conclusion

Controlling HbA1c could reduce AAC scores and the risk of severe AAC. Glycemic management might be a component of strategies for preventing AAC among all participants, especially normotensives.
A comparative trial of blood pressure monitoring in a self-care kiosk, in office, and with ambulatory blood pressure monitoring
Authors: Nilsson Gunnar , Lindam Anna
Published: January 2024

Background

Automated measurement of blood pressure (BP) in designated BP kiosks have in recent years been introduced in primary care. If kiosk blood pressure (BP) monitoring provides results equivalent to in-office BP or daytime ambulatory BP monitoring (ABPM), follow-up of adult patients could be managed primarily by self-checks. We therefore designed a comparative trial and evaluated the diagnostic performance of kiosk- and office-based BP (nurse- versus physician-measured) compared with daytime ABPM.

Methods

A trial of automated BP monitoring in three settings: a designated BP kiosk, by nurses and physicians in clinic, and by ABPM. The primary outcome was systolic and diastolic BP, with respective diagnostic thresholds of ≥135 mmHg and/or ≥ 85 mmHg for daytime ABPM and kiosk BP and ≥ 140 mmHg and/or ≥ 90 mmHg for office BP (nurse- and physician-measured).

Results

Compared with daytime ABPM, mean systolic kiosk BP was higher by 6.2 mmHg (95% confidence interval [CI] 3.8–8.6) and diastolic by 7.9 mmHg (95% CI 6.2–9.6; p < 0.001). Mean systolic BP taken by nurses was similar to daytime ABPM values (+ 2.0 mmHg; 95% CI − 0.2–4.2; p = 0.071), but nurse-measured diastolic values were higher, by 7.2 mmHg (95% CI 5.9–9.6; p < 0.001). Mean systolic and diastolic physician-measured BPs were higher compared with daytime ABPM (systolic, by 7.6 mmHg [95% CI 4.5–10.2] and diastolic by 5.8 mmHg [95% CI 4.1–7.6]; p < 0.001). Receiver operating characteristic curves of BP monitoring across pairs of systolic/diastolic cut-off levels among the three settings, with daytime ABPM as reference, demonstrated overall similar diagnostic performance between kiosk and nurse-measured values and over the curve performance for physician-measured BP. Accuracy with nurse-measured BP was 69.2% (95% CI 60.0–77.4%), compared with 65.8% (95% CI 56.5–74.3%) for kiosk BP.

Conclusions

In this study kiosk BP monitoring was not comparable to daytime ABPM but could be an alternative to in-office BP monitoring by trained nurses. The diagnostic performance of kiosk and nurse-measured BP monitoring was similar and better than that of physician-measured BP.

Trial registration

ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT04488289) 27/07/2020.