bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Sistema de Modulo Didáctico para el Control del Proceso de Llenado de Recipientes Mediante PLC
Authors: Herrera Abad Juan Mariano , Huiman Sandoval José Alberto , Vales Carrillo Jorge Alberto , Flores Edward
Published: October 2023

La presente investigación de diseño e implementación de un Sistema de Modulo Didáctico para el Control del Proceso de Llenado de Recipientes Mediante PLC, permite a través del programable PLC, controlar las acciones de mezclado de líquidos con sensores de niveles de líquidos situados estratégicamente en los recipientes los cuales enviaran las señales correspondientes al CPU para que este a su vez comande las acciones correspondientes a través de los actuadores tales como electroválvulas, bombas y mezcladores, los cuales efectuaran el proceso de mezclado. El módulo implementado, cumple los objetivos de la investigación, logrando implementarse y programarse para los objetivos trazados, poniéndose a prueba eficientemente. Nuestra investigación es pionera en la implementación de este tipo modulo educativo, donde los alumnos puedan interactuar con el módulo en forma física y directa, beneficiando a los estudiantes de la FIIS-UNFV, pues al contar con dicho modulo podrán fortalecer sus conocimientos teóricos con la parte práctica experimental, y puedan embarcarse en el diseño de nuevas investigaciones y puedan reconocer el comportamiento de nuevos actuadores, sensores y otros nuevos componentes innovadores de tecnología de punta que sean programables con el PLC.
Comparison of Assisted Reproductive Technology (ART) Outcomes between Fasting during Ramadan, Pre and Post Ramadan Patients: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Pourmasumi Soheila , Sabeti Parvin
Published: October 2023

Background: Infertility is a problem that affected all aspect of life in couples. Infertility treatment create stressful condition for patients and control of this stress is effective for success rate of pregnancy. Ramadan is a holy month for Muslims and they believe that Ramadan can effect on their spiritual lives and they become closer to God. So we think that maybe Assisted Reproductive Technology (ART) outcomes improve in the fasting patients during Ramadan. The aim of this study was to evaluate the outcome of ART in fasting patients during Ramadan and compare with non-fasting pre and post Ramadan. Methods: In this retrospective study, we reviewed the demographic, clinical and laboratory records of 367 patients who were in treatment plan in Ramadan, 424 patients in pre and 386 in post Ramadan. All data including Age, number of retrieved oocytes, matured oocytes, types of ART procedures, number of fertilized oocytes, number of transferred embryo, pregnancy rates were collected from the hospital records. The data analyzed by SPSS v 16. The level of significance was p < 0.05. Results: We analyzed 1177 case in 3 groups. There was an increase in the ART outcomes including Number of COC, oocyte, ET and pregnancy rate, however, this difference was not statistically significant. Conclusion: Although, positive results were slightly higher in Ramadan, but it was not statistically significant. We conclude that fasting during Ramadan has no significant negative effect on the outcomes of ART. More studies needed to evaluate hormonal and psychological parameters in ART patients during Ramadan.
Hemogram Response to Vasoclusive Crisis in Sickle Cell Patients in Enugu, South East, Nigeria
Authors: Ngwu Uchechukwu Chukwudi , Ufelle Silas Anayo , Ogbuabor Alphonsus Ogbonna
Published: October 2023

Vasoclusion crisis is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with Sickle Cell Anemia (SCA). There are currently a paucity of data on the hemogram response to vasoclusive crisis in patients with SCA in the Enugu metropolis. The present study is designed to determine the hemogram response to vasoclusive crisis in SCA patients compared to steady state and controls. A total of 150 subjects comprising 75 confirmed SCA patients (35 males and 40 females) aged between 16 and 30 years from Sickle Cell Clinic and 75 apparently healthy age and gender-matched controls of the Enugu State University of Science and Technology Teaching Hospital Enugu State participated in the study. Sample size was calculated using single proportion method. Ethical clearance was obtained from the Ethical Review Board of the hospital. Informed consent was obtained from subjects. Blood sample (5.0 ml) was collected from each subject and 3.0 ml was dispensed into ethylene diamine tetracetic acid tubes for estimation of the hemogram using Mindray 530-BC hemoanalyser. The hemogram revealed significant decrease (p < 0.05) in Hemoglobin (Hb) during crisis (9.17 ± 0.91 g/dl) and during stead-state (11.63 ± 0.45 g/dl) and in hematocrit (Hct) during crisis (34.80 ± 3.03%) and during steady state (34.90 ± 1.37%) compared to controls Hb (13.5 ± 0.5 g/dl) and Hct (39 ± 1.5%). The total white blood cell count (TWBC) (8.3 ± 2.0 x 109/l) significantly increased (p < 0.05) in crisis compared to TWBC (5.2 ± 1.0 x 109/l) and (5.5 ± 0.5 x 109/l) for the steady-state and controls respectively while the Platelet (PLT) significantly increased (p < 0.05) in crisis (200 ± 55.05 x 109/l) compared to PLT (164 ± 45.39 x 109/l) and (150 ± 20.0 x 109/l) for the steady-state and controls respectively. This finding provides scientific data for changes in the hemogram in sickle cell patients during crisis and steady state.
CARACTERIZAÇÃO SOCIOECONÔMICA DOS PESCADORES ARTESANAIS DE CAMARÃO DA COMUNIDADE RURAL DO ARAÍ, AUGUSTO CORRÊA, NORDESTE PARAENSE
Authors: Rosário Danilo Fernandes do , Nogueira Ana Karlla Magalhães , Hayashi Sanae Nogueira , Melo Júnior Luiz Cláudio Moreira
Published: October 2023

Objetivo: O artigo objetivou realizar a caraterização socioeconômica dos pescadores artesanais de camarão da comunidade rural do Araí, no município de Augusto Corrêa, Nordeste Paraense. A comunidade possui uma forte relação com o ambiente marinho e seus recursos, nos quais, até os dias atuais, tradicionalmente, são realizadas a pesca de camarões, por meio das puçás, nas muruadas. Métodos: Trata-se de uma pesquisa com métodos quali-quantitativos, na qual a coleta de dados se deu por meio da aplicação de entrevistas, questionários e observação participante. Resultados: Verificou-se que os pescadores artesanais de camarões, predominantemente, são do gênero masculino, sobretudo, por pescadores mais velhos e os saberes acumulados por esses pescadores, vem resistindo ao longo do tempo. Ainda assim, a contribuição das mulheres nessa atividade é essencial, pois elas participam da cadeia produtiva pesqueira e interagem constantemente com a biodiversidade local. Conclusão: Conclui-se pela necessidade de políticas públicas ambientais na comunidade, de valorização desses conhecimentos e ações que visem conscientizar a população local, especialmente, os pescadores, frente a problemáticas como o descarte da captura da fauna acompanhante.
Image Watermarking Framework using Histogram Equalization and Visual Saliency
Authors: Panda Bishwabara , Nayak Manas Ranjan , Mallick Pradeep Kumar , Basu Abhishek
Published: October 2023

This paper proposes a digital image watermarking strategy using histogram equalization and visual Saliency followed by LSB (Least Significant Bit) replacement for better imperceptibility with hiding capacity. With this technique, a saliency map determines lesser-observable parts of the original image and gradually implants with increasing amounts of information based on histogram equalization information. The output from saliency is the perceptible areas within an image, which is the most notable position from the perspective of vision; as a result, any changes made other than those areas will be less noticeable to viewers. Implementing the histogram method helps identify the areas where we can hide our secret information within that image. Using the LSB replacement technique, we adaptively insert our confidential data into the original image. Here, we use the saliency map to find out the non-salient region or less perceptible region to improve the imperceptibility, and the histogram equalization technique is used to maximize the hiding capacity within those less perceptible regions. So that we can improve the imperceptibility as well as the hiding capacity.
Cognitive Inspired & Computationally-Intelligent Early Melanoma Detection Using Feature Analysis Techniques
Authors: Gupta Sunil , Sharma Neha , Tyagi Ritu , Singh Pardeep , Aggarwal Alankrita , Chawla Sunil
Published: October 2023

Melanoma is the most malignant kind of skin cancer, and it is responsible for the majority of deaths caused by skin cancer. However, this can be easily addressed by reverting to the standard method of damage removal if it is discovered in a timely manner. In this view, it is of the utmost importance to develop procedures for the early and reliable identification of melanomas. Since images for melanoma diagnosis are recorded in the clinic as an epiluminance image using a specific kind of equipment, the technique is machine-dependent. We make use of a method for managing images as well as a high-resolution shading image of a skin ulcer captured by a high-resolution camera or other device. Instead of depending on the epilumination images that are produced by the emergency equipment, the initial task that needs to be done in the present research is to capture high-resolution photographs of the skin injuries. The category limit will be determined with the use of machine learning, and then highlight extraction will take place. The research focuses on clinical photos obtained from fast cameras that were taken of individuals suffering from skin cancer. The problem of uneven illumination was kept at a strategic distance by the use of medial separation and pre-processing using the histogram. Utilisation of a brand new image segmentation method called "Otsu" for the extraction of sores. The extraction of ABCD (Asymmetry, Border, Color, and Dimension) involves the use of innovative methodologies as well as the Total Dermoscopic Value in order to characterise the weight coefficients. A solution to the problem of upgrading the categorization error that is based on machine learning. The parameters that are taken into consideration for evaluating the proposed model are senstivity, specificity, precision and accuracy and the results obtained are 1, 0.93, 0.93, and 0.93 respectively. It has been observed that the proposed model performs better as compared to the ones present in existing literature.
PERANAN BADAN USAHA MILIK DESA DI MASA PANDEMIC COVID-19 DALAM UPAYA MENINGKATKAN PEREKONOMIAN MASYARAKAT DI DESA SUKALAKSANA KABUPATEN GARUT (KAJIAN HUKUM EKONOMI SYARIAH)
Authors: Gaussian Gini , Abu Bakar Azmi Al-Atiq
Published: October 2023

Abstrak

 

Kesejahteraan masyarakat sangat penting dalam upaya pembangunan dan pemberdayaan masyarakat. Kebijakan pemerintah dengan dibentuknya Bumdes untuk mensejahterakan masyarakat desa dalam bidang perekonomian dengan memanfaatkan potensi. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui peranan Badan Usaha Milik Desa dalam meninggkatkan perekonomian masyarakat  pada masa pandemic covid-19 di Desa Sukalaksana berdasarkan ekonomi Islam. Metode yang di gunakan untuk menganalisis data dalam penelitian ini adalah deskriptif kualitatif dengan pengumpulan data kepada para narasumber melalui teknik observasi dan wawancara. Berdasarkan analisis dilihat dari peningkatan jumlah penghasilan masyarakat setelah bekerjasama dengan pihak Badan Usaha Milik Desa Binalaksana dan sebagian masyarakat Desa Sukalaksana yang terkena dampak pandemic Covid-19 disalurkan oleh pihak pemerintah desa untuk bekerja di Bumdes Binalaksana dalam upaya penurunan angka pengangguran di masa pandemic Covid-19. Menurut kajian hukum ekonomi syariah peran Badan Usaha Milik Desa di Desa Sukalaksana telah sesuai dengan nilai-nilai Islam, hal itu dilihat dari tujuan utama dari berdirinya Bumdes Binalaksana untuk mensejahterakan masyarakat serta membantu masyarakat yang membutuhkan bantuan finansial serta motto yang diterapkan yaitu “Iuran Sambil Ibadah”. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini adalah Peran Badan Usaha Milik Desa Pada Masa Pandemic Covid-19 di Desa Sukalaksana telah menjadikan masyarakat sejahtera melalui bidang ekonomi dengan berbagai unit usaha yang berjalan yang sesuai dengan nilai-nilai Islam.

 

Kata Kunci: BUMDes, Hukum Ekonomi Syariah
Use of Photogrammetry and Terrestrial Laser Scanning to Measure Superficial Weathering Damage on the Façade of Hanfelden Castle, Austria
Authors: Sulzer Wolfgang , Gspurning Josef , Kaufmann Viktor , Fuerhacker Robert , Catau Justin , Wack Fabian , Held Dominic
Published: October 2023

Hanfelden Castle is one of the few Renaissance castles in Austria, which were subsequently hardly redesigned and changed since the tower building from the 14th century, and the extension in the 16th century to the today's appearance. This includes the façade with plaster layers from the 16th to the 18th century on the south and west side. Under these conditions, the concept for future scientific research of the object should essentially cover two needs: On the one hand, a collection of 3D basic data as complete as possible should be created for further work with the help of geospatial-technological methods, and on the other hand, methodological-technical expertise should also be built up (no substantial investigations have been undertaken in this direction). Additionally, and with regard to the determination of mostly conservation measures- the façade should be preserved - it has been important to check the façade made of plaster, natural stone or brick for the extent of superficial damage - such as weathering, flaking, bulging or bending. Therefore, non-contact 3D measuring systems are compared and applied as an alternative to visual inspection using standard cherry pickers or scaffolding. These so-called geospatial technologies applied in this study include methodological aspects of terrestrial photogrammetry, UAV assisted photogrammetry, and terrestrial laser scanning (TLS). This study used historical data/recordings and photogrammetric results from 1986 as well as newer techniques from the structure from motion (SfM) method (2019, 2022) and terrestrial laser scanning (2019, 2022). The different data recording methods and different result data in a multi-temporal and multi-sensoral approach, comparable for the changes to the facade, were a challenge for the study. Despite the different methodological approaches of the technologies used, the overarching goals of the study were, on the one hand, to detect and map the damage to the facade that has become increasingly apparent over the years. On the other hand, it has been shown that the applied 3D methods used (individually or in combination) represent a time-saving and cost-effective alternative to visual examinations using lifting platforms. The data sets obtained in the campaigns described should be homogenized and summarized in the sense of a historical BIM and serve as a basis for further work on the object. The focus was on multi- and interdisciplinarity as well as on taking into account the needs of science to science and science to public dissemination.
The Landscape Urban Planning Approach for Improving Urban Air Quality, Case Study of Algiers, Algeria
Authors: SOUICI Belgacem
Published: October 2023

Gardens and urban parks are areas of great importance for the support of the urban ecosystem, in addition to their psychological and therapeutic values; they provide the urban environment with a large amount of oxygen. Trees produce oxygen through the operation of photosynthesis; one hectare of eucalyptus tree annually produces oxygen for 37 to 80 people, and absorbs 25, 000 kg of carbon dioxide for the same period of time. Wooded zone in urban areas significantly improve and purify the quality of the air that we breathe and make living environments healthier. A recent study carried out by the World Health Organization (WHO) revealed that the MENA region (Middle East and North Africa) is one of the most polluted in the world, air polluted by particulate matter smaller than 2.5µm (PM2.5). For the case of Algiers, measurements were taken during the first two months of the year 2023 by the station of the United States Embassy in Algiers, showed that daily average of 14 µm/m3 for particulate matter less than 2.5 µm/m3 and a daily average of 50 for the IQA, air quality index. According to the US EPA's NAAQS, any measurement above 12.0 μg/m 3 (US AQI 50) may be hazardous to human health. Several factors of an exogenous and endogenous nature act directly on the quality of the air in large urban concentrations, CO2 emissions, modes and nature of urban mobility, uncontrolled urban sprawl. High population densities, urban forms, morphology, the size of cities, which getting larger and larger, the choice of urbanization models, and the surface of wooded areas, all are, factors responsible for air quality. This study will be particularly interested in the contribution of gardens, parks and wooded areas in improving air quality, and consequently on the quality of the living environment in urban areas. In this respect, and to understand the situation, we take the city of Algiers as a case study. The field work will allow us to understand in a qualitative and quantitative way the contribution of the tree and the choice of tree species, understanding co-relation between landscape architecture decision and results obtained on  the urban air quality, and try to research on how it would possible  to improve air quality in urban areas by using trees new essence.
Spatial-Functional Organization of a Contemporary Apartment in Serbia
Authors: Petrovic Vladana , Stoiljković Branislava , Petković Nataša , Krstić Hristina
Published: October 2023

The expansion of residential construction has marked the last twenty years in Serbia. Contemporary housing construction is popularly called “investor construction”, and it is based on the investor’s influence on achieving the greatest possible capacity in relation to the area of the plot, the largest possible area for sale, as many apartments as possible per floor, the largest possible dimensions of the building on the plot, and the largest possible number of rooms within the smallest possible total square footage. The research’s aim is to discover how the aforementioned effects manifest themselves in the spatial-functional organization of the units. The analysis is performed on the case studies of residential construction in the largest urban areas of Belgrade, Novi Sad, and Nis. The findings of this research show that different authors repeat the same functional organization regardless of the location where they are constructed.
Urban Design Impact on Local Climate and its Consequences on Building Energy Demand in Morocco
Authors: Lachir Asia , Ahmad Nia Hourakhsh
Published: October 2023

Urban design has a profound impact on the local climate, which can result in changes in temperature distribution and energy demand. The Urban Heat Island (UHI), a well-documented issue where cities typically experience higher temperatures than the cooler rural surroundings that envelop them, is closely tied to urban design and its geometrical features. This increase in temperature can lead to increased energy consumption, particularly for air conditioning, as populations strive to maintain thermal comfort. Within this framework, this paper seeks to advance our comprehension of the influence of urban design on the Urban Heat Island (UHI) effect and building energy requirements. It makes a valuable contribution to the expanding body of research in this field, offering insightful guidance on optimal urban design strategies tailored to diverse climate zones in Morocco. To achieve these goals, we explore multiple urban design scenarios incorporating variations in building heights, street aspect ratios, building layout configurations, and street orientations. We employ the Urban Weather Generator and EnergyPlus for our analysis, with the former enabling the generation of synthetic weather data that accounts for the UHI effect in urban contexts, and the latter facilitating building energy simulations. The simulation results reveal a wide-ranging hourly variation in Urban Heat Island (UHI) intensity, spanning from 11°C to -5°C across the cities under study. Among these cities, Ifrane, Marrakesh, and Fes exhibit the highest average annual UHI intensity. Incorporating UHI considerations into energy simulations has yielded notable outcomes. Low-rise buildings experience a reduction in total energy requirements, while mid-rise and high-rise buildings exhibit an increase. For instance, adopting an urban design scenario featuring 20-story buildings and a street aspect ratio of 0.33 led to a rise in total energy demands between 8% and 19%. Furthermore, the street aspect ratio (H/W) emerges as the primary driver of UHI, whereas street orientation and building layout exert the most substantial influence on building energy requirements. Inefficient building layouts result in a significant increase in building energy needs, ranging from 106% to 121%, while less energy-efficient street orientations lead to total energy needs escalating by 28% to 76%.
Standalone University Campuses’ Outdoor Spaces: A case of the German International University, Egypt
Authors: Mansour Sarah , Salama Hussam
Published: October 2023

This paper investigates the nature of university campuses’ outdoor spaces and some of the main important aspects and factors that contribute in achieving a successful campus. Through referring to several related researches, observing and mapping, an analysis and study of the German International University has been conducted. These have highlighted different dynamics and complexities. As it is located in a still not yet urbanized area, the German International University is considered one of the leading projects in its surrounding. A new concept was introduced, namely the “standalone” campus, accommodating all needed services, which are missing in its surrounding. This new concept is considered a solution for universities with similar circumstances and nature.
Comparative Analysis between the Architecture of Bimaristans in Egyptian and Syrian during Mamluk’s Era
Authors: Ibrahim Maha , Asslan2 Hala , Nassef Mazen
Published: October 2023

Bimaristans are a building type which emerged in the Islamic world equivalent to nowadays hospitals. Most of the Islamic architecture studies focus on mosques, then mausoleums. This makes the research field open for more studies on building types like baths, wekalat, etc. Bimaristans remain within the scope of structures that need more studies through comparatives and analytical analyses. This paper introduces comparative analysis between bimaristans in Cairo and Aleppo, with particular focus on those constructed during the Mamluk’s era. This comparison highlights the points of similarity between the concepts that influenced the designers by that time with respect to their different locations, surrounding context and historical background. Such factors caused to make distinguished differences that gave each location its unique identity. This research depends on inductive-deductive methodology; inductive by reading and explaining the architectural drawings of both case-studies, and deductive from the theories and researches that justifies the reasons lied behind the end architectural product. Consequently, analyses the comparative results. The study provides architects and scholars with a clear image about the unique private identity of each zone, although they stand on the same believes using analytical analyses of bimaristans. Hence, contemporary architects in the Arab world can recognize the spiritual concepts behind the architectural and planning dimensions of bimaristans’ discrete design, that they may use or re-use to regenerate new forms that reflect their local identity and satisfy local cultural needs. Also, the study clarifies the role of local artists in articulating such concepts using carved geometrical reliefs, in addition to the documentation role of decorating relieved texts on those structures.
Networks, Cycles and Urban Metabolism. Mapping Critical Environment: Giugliano in Campania (Naples) as a Case Study
Authors: Sammarco Francesco Stefano , Terracciano Anna
Published: October 2023

The waste areas in Giugliano intercept the continuity of infrastructure networks and the reticular dimension of ecological connections, returning a porous structure that crosses the urbanized areas. This condition inevitably overlaps the processes of land consumption still in progress. The process aimed to map this critical condition was based on the interaction of some analytical-specialist readings from different sources using multiple GIS tools. The process results are represented in a system of integrated maps that provide data relating to the crisis of five life cycles (ecosystems, production cycle, waste cycle, infrastructure and urban fabrics). These dynamics give us a heritage of socially, ecologically and economically disadvantaged landscapes with immense potential for adaptation, reuse and recycling projects. The research has revealed a distinctive geography of place, even at a larger scale, where materials and relationships constitute the structure of the territory. The contribution presented was intended to recount a process of knowledge and planning for an emblematic territory such as Giugliano in Campania, in which the role of mapping critical landscapes that become potential materials for a project of adaptation, reuse and recycling is central. To overcome the current critical situation, it is essential to recover the environmental frames still capable of narrating the territory and use them as a strategic resource for the creation of new urban landscapes and for a Strategic Plan focused on regeneration.
City Sediments in Beirut: An Urban Ecology Perspective
Authors: Hindi Nadine
Published: October 2023

Cities are products of urbanization processes, economic changes, technology and climate change. Adversely, in specific contexts, they are affected by wars’ enduring physical effect, long after armed conflicts are over. Hence cities are perceived as dynamic organisms, in continuous change of spatial abandonment, neglect and regeneration process, unfolding a continuum of space and time. In tandem between urban ecology and the urban history specificities, this paper addresses Beirut as a case study in its actual condition, and the different representations of the informal resurgence of green areas.  It follows a methodology of identification and mapping of the different urban sediments which constituted over time potential reservoirs for urban ecology. These include previous war demarcation line, train tracks traces, cemeteries, destroyed wheat silos following the 2020 port explosion and other liminal spaces. This approach brings in a new perspective for approaching urban ecology differently according to the urban contexts historiography
The Level of COVID-19 Fear in Pregnant Women and Affecting Factors
Authors: BEYDAĞ Kerime Derya , KARABULUTLU Özlem
Published: October 2023

Objective: The objective of this research is to determine the COVID-19 fear levels of pregnant women during the pandemic period and to reveal the factors that affect their fear levels.

Methods: This descriptive and cross-sectional study was conducted with 440 married pregnant women between August 1st and December 31st, 2020. The research data were obtained using the COVID-19 Fear Scale and the demographic questionnaire prepared in line with the relevant literature.

Results: The mean COVID-19 Fear Scale score of pregnant women was found as 22.25 ± 6.60 (min:7, max:35). COVID-19 fear was found to be higher among the pregnant women, who do not have a child, who stated that they needed psychological support, who were in the 4th-6th month of their pregnancy, who stated that they always feel fear whenever they go out, who restrict home visits, who are afraid of becoming infected by COVID-19, who are concerned about their babies getting harmed by COVID-19, who have had someone among their kith and kin that became infected by COVID-19, who are worried about giving birth in a health institution, who were not able to go to their prenatal check-ups, who are afraid of losing their babies, who are afraid of giving birth prematurely and who are afraid of giving birth to a baby that incurs a disability due to COVID-19.

Conclusion: Up-to-date information should be shared with pregnant women during the pandemic period ensuring that their fear levels are alleviated.
Gebelerde Evlilik Doyumunun Prenatal Bağlanmaya Etkisi
Authors: ÜNAL TOPRAK Filiz , TURAN Zekiye
Published: October 2023

Amaç: Çalışmada, gebelerde evlilik doyumu ve prenatal bağlanmayı etkileyen faktörler ile evlilik doyumunun prenatal bağlanma üzerine etkisini incelemek amaçlanmıştır.

Yöntem: Çalışma tanımlayıcı tipte yapılmıştır. Çalışmanın verileri 01 Nisan 2021- 30 Haziran 2021 tarihleri arasında örnekleme dâhil edilme kriterlerine uyan ve araştırmaya katılmayı kabul eden toplam 252 gebeden toplanmıştır. Veriler kişisel bilgi formu, Prenatal Bağlanma Envanteri (PBE) ve Evlilik Doyum Ölçeği (EDÖ) kullanılarak toplanmıştır. Verilerin değerlendirilmesinde sayı ve yüzdelik dağılımlar, ortalama, non-parametrik testler (Kruskal Wallis, Mann Whitney-U) ile sürekli değişkenler arasındaki ilişkiyi incelemede Spearman korelasyon analizi kullanılmıştır.

Bulgular: Gebelerin ekonomik durumu (p=0.027), evlenme yaşı (p=0.030), eşi ile tanışma şekli (p=0.006), gebeliğin planlanma durumu (p=0.017), gravidite (p=0.003) ve gebelik trimesteri (p=0.033) prenatal bağlanmalarını etkilemektedir (p
The Effect of Neutrophil/Lymphocyte Ratio and Mean Platelet Volume on the use of Antivenom in Snake Bites and Scorpion Stings
Authors: TALAY Mehmet Nur , ORHAN Özhan
Published: October 2023

Objective: We evaluated the distribution, use of antivenom, treatments applied during the follow-ups, and effects on the use of NLR and MPV antivenom in cases of snake bites and scorpion stings followed in the paediatric intensive care unit (PICU) and the effects of these cases on the length of stay in the intensive care unit and hospital.

Materials and Methods: Demographic characteristics of the patients followed in the PICU and the severity of their clinical findings at admission, antivenom use after snake and scorpion bites were retrospectively examined from the clinical course in the hospital automation system and archived file records.

Results: Of 38 patients who were followed up in the PICU for snake and scorpion bites, half were followed up for snake bites and half for scorpion bites. Antivenom treatment was applied according to the clinical stage. There was a positive correlation between antivenom-administered patients and NLR (p
Investigation of COVID-19 Anxiety Levels of Emergency Workers
Authors: ÜSTÜNTAŞ Onur , KAVALCI Cemil
Published: October 2023

Objective: The coronavirus pandemic has affected human and societal psychology worldwide. The Coronavirus Anxiety Scale is used to detect dysfunctional anxiety about the COVID-19 pandemic. In this study, our aim was to determine the anxiety levels of workers of the our emergency serrvices during the pandemic.

Material Methods: The Coronavirus Anxiety Scale questionnaire was applied to emergency workers. According to the scores obtained from the questionnaire, the participants were divided into two groups: those with anxiety (Group 1) and those without anxiety (Group 2). The Mann-Whitney U test was used to compare two independent groups for continuous data, and Pearson’s chi-square test was used for frequency data. A p value of 0.05). There was also no statistically significant difference between the groups in terms of having previously contracted COVID-19, receiving a COVID-19 vaccine, to get psychiatric support before or during the pandemic, and having a deceased relative due to the pandemic.

Conclusion: During the COVID-19 pandemic, anxiety rate is 8.1% in emergency workers. Anxiety rates were higher in female, non-alcohol users and non-smokers during the pandemic.
Sun's Series via Cyclotomic Multiple Zeta Values
Authors:   Princeton University, USA, Zhou Yajun
Published: October 2023

We prove and generalize several recent conjectures of Z.-W. Sun surrounding binomial coefficients and harmonic numbers. We show that Sun's series and their analogs can be represented as cyclotomic multiple zeta values of levels $N\in\{4,8,12,16,24\}$, namely Goncharov's multiple polylogarithms evaluated at $N$-th roots of unity.
Connection between Polytropic Index and Heating
Authors: Livadiotis G. , McComas D. J.
Published: October 2023

The paper derives the one-to-one connecting relationships between plasma heating and its polytropic index, and addresses the consequences through the transport equation of temperature. Thermodynamic polytropic processes are classified in accordance to their polytropic index, the exponent of the power-law relationship of thermal pressure expressed with respect to density. These processes generalize the adiabatic one, where no heating is exchanged between the system and its environment. We show that, in addition to heating terms, the transport equation of temperature depends on the adiabatic index, instead of a general, nonadiabatic polytropic index, even when the plasma follows nonadiabatic processes. This is because all the information regarding the system's polytropic index is contained in the heating term, even for a nonconstant polytropic index. Moreover, the paper (i) defines the role of the polytropic index in the context of heating; (ii) clarifies the role of the nonadiabatic polytropic index in the transport equation of temperature; (iii) provides an alternative method for deriving the turbulent heating through the comparably simpler polytropic index path; and, finally, (iv) shows a one-component plasma proof-of-concept of this method and discusses the implications of such derived connecting relationships in the solar wind plasma in the heliosphere.
Twenty-five Years of Accretion onto the Classical T Tauri Star TW Hya
Authors: Herczeg 沈 Gregory J. 雷歌 , Chen 陈 Yuguang 昱光 , Donati Jean-Francois , Dupree Andrea K. , Walter Frederick M. , Hillenbrand Lynne A. , Johns-Krull Christopher M. , Manara Carlo F. , Günther Hans Moritz , Fang 房 Min 敏 , Schneider P. Christian , Valenti Jeff A. , Alencar Silvia H. P. , Venuti Laura , Alcalá Juan Manuel , Frasca Antonio , Arulanantham Nicole , Linsky Jeffrey L. , Bouvier Jerome , Brickhouse Nancy S. , Calvet Nuria , Espaillat Catherine C. , Campbell-White Justyn , Carpenter John M. , Chang Seok-Jun , Cruz Kelle L. , Dahm S. E. , Eislöffel Jochen , Edwards Suzan , Fischer William J. , Guo 郭 Zhen 震 , Henning Thomas , Ji 纪 Tao 涛 , Jose Jessy , Kastner Joel H. , Launhardt Ralf , Principe David A. , Robinson Connor E. , Serna Javier , Siwak Michal , Sterzik Michael F. , Takasao Shinsuke
Published: October 2023

Accretion plays a central role in the physics that governs the evolution and dispersal of protoplanetary disks. The primary goal of this paper is to analyze the stability over time of the mass accretion rate onto TW Hya, the nearest accreting solar-mass young star. We measure veiling across the optical spectrum in 1169 archival high-resolution spectra of TW Hya, obtained from 1998–2022. The veiling is then converted to accretion rate using 26 flux-calibrated spectra that cover the Balmer jump. The accretion rate measured from the excess continuum has an average of 2.51 × 10−9
M
⊙ yr−1 and a Gaussian distribution with an FWHM of 0.22 dex. This accretion rate may be underestimated by a factor of up to 1.5 because of uncertainty in the bolometric correction and another factor of 1.7 because of excluding the fraction of accretion energy that escapes in lines, especially Lyα. The accretion luminosities are well correlated with He line luminosities but poorly correlated with Hα and Hβ luminosity. The accretion rate is always flickering over hours but on longer timescales has been stable over 25 years. This level of variability is consistent with previous measurements for most, but not all, accreting young stars.
The Hubble Space Telescope Survey of M31 Satellite Galaxies. II. The Star Formation Histories of Ultrafaint Dwarf Galaxies
Authors: Savino Alessandro , Weisz Daniel R. , Skillman Evan D. , Dolphin Andrew , Cole Andrew A. , Kallivayalil Nitya , Wetzel Andrew , Anderson Jay , Besla Gurtina , Boylan-Kolchin Michael , Brown Thomas M. , Bullock James S. , Collins Michelle L. M. , Cooper M. C. , Deason Alis J. , Dotter Aaron L. , Fardal Mark , Ferguson Annette M. N. , Fritz Tobias K. , Geha Marla C. , Gilbert Karoline M. , Guhathakurta Puragra , Ibata Rodrigo , Irwin Michael J. , Jeon Myoungwon , Kirby Evan N. , Lewis Geraint F. , Mackey Dougal , Majewski Steven R. , Martin Nicolas , McConnachie Alan , Patel Ekta , Rich R. Michael , Simon Joshua D. , Sohn Sangmo Tony , Tollerud Erik J. , van der Marel Roeland P.
Published: October 2023

We present the lifetime star formation histories (SFHs) for six ultrafaint dwarf (UFD; M

V
> − 7.0,

4.9
<

log

10

(

M

*

(
z
=
0
)

/

M

⊙

)
<
5.5

) satellite galaxies of M31 based on deep color–magnitude diagrams constructed from Hubble Space Telescope imaging. These are the first SFHs obtained from the oldest main-sequence turnoff of UFDs outside the halo of the Milky Way (MW). We find that five UFDs formed at least 50% of their stellar mass by z = 5 (12.6 Gyr ago), similar to known UFDs around the MW, but that 10%–40% of their stellar mass formed at later times. We uncover one remarkable UFD, And xiii, which formed only 10% of its stellar mass by z = 5, and 75% in a rapid burst at z ∼ 2–3, a result that is robust to choices of underlying stellar model and is consistent with its predominantly red horizontal branch. This “young” UFD is the first of its kind and indicates that not all UFDs are necessarily quenched by reionization, which is consistent with predictions from several cosmological simulations of faint dwarf galaxies. SFHs of the combined MW and M31 samples suggest reionization did not homogeneously quench UFDs. We find that the least-massive MW UFDs (M
*(z = 5) ≲ 5 × 104
M
⊙) are likely quenched by reionization, whereas more-massive M31 UFDs (M
*(z = 5) ≳ 105
M
⊙) may only have their star formation suppressed by reionization and quench at a later time. We discuss these findings in the context of the evolution and quenching of UFDs.
Collapse of Rotating Massive Stars Leading to Black Hole Formation and Energetic Supernovae
Authors: Fujibayashi Sho , Sekiguchi Yuichiro , Shibata Masaru , Wanajo Shinya
Published: October 2023

We explore a possible explosion scenario resulting from core collapses of rotating massive stars that leave a black hole by performing radiation-viscous-hydrodynamics simulations in numerical relativity. We take moderately and rapidly rotating compact pre-collapse stellar models with zero-age main-sequence masses of 9M
⊙ and 20M
⊙ based on stellar evolution calculations as the initial conditions. We find that viscous heating in the disk formed around the central black hole is the power source for an outflow. The moderately rotating models predict a small ejecta mass of the order of 0.1M
⊙ and an explosion energy of ≲1051 erg. Due to the small ejecta mass, these models may predict a short-timescale transient with a rise time of 3–5 days. This can lead to a bright (∼1044 erg s−1) transient, like superluminous supernovae in the presence of a dense massive circumstellar medium. For hypothetically rapidly rotating models that have a high mass-infall rate onto the disk, the explosion energy is ≳3 × 1051 erg, which is comparable to or larger than that of typical stripped-envelope supernovae, indicating that a fraction of such supernovae may be explosions powered by black hole accretion disks. The explosion energy is still increasing at the end of the simulations with a rate of >1050 erg s−1, and thus, it may reach ∼1052 erg. A nucleosynthesis calculation shows that the mass of 56Ni amounts to ≳0.1M
⊙, which, together with the high explosion energy, may satisfy the required amount for broad-lined type Ic supernovae. Irrespective of the models, the lowest value of the electron fraction of the ejecta is ≳0.4; thus, synthesis of heavy r-process elements is not found in our models.
The Role of Mass and Environment on Satellite Distributions around Milky Way Analogs in the Romulus25 Simulation
Authors: Van Nest Jordan , Munshi Ferah , Christensen Charlotte , Brooks Alyson M. , Tremmel Michael , Quinn Thomas R.
Published: October 2023

We study satellite counts and quenched fractions for satellites of Milky Way analogs in Romulus25, a large-volume cosmological hydrodynamic simulation. Depending on the definition of a Milky Way analog, we have between 66 and 97 Milky Way analogs in Romulus25, a 25 Mpc per-side uniform volume simulation. We use these analogs to quantify the effect of environment and host properties on satellite populations. We find that the number of satellites hosted by a Milky Way analog increases predominantly with host stellar mass, while environment, as measured by the distance to a Milky Way–mass or larger halo, may have a notable impact in high isolation. Similarly, we find that the satellite quenched fraction for our analogs also increases with host stellar mass, and potentially in higher-density environments. These results are robust for analogs within 3 Mpc of another Milky Way–mass or larger halo, the environmental parameter space where the bulk of our sample resides. We place these results in the context of observations through comparisons to the Exploration of Local VolumE Satellites and Satellites Around Galactic Analogs surveys. Our results are robust to changes in Milky Way analog selection criteria, including those that mimic observations. Finally, as our samples naturally include Milky Way–Andromeda pairs, we examine quenched fractions in pairs versus isolated systems. We find potential evidence, though not conclusive, that pairs, defined as being within 1 Mpc of another Milky Way–mass or larger halo, may have higher satellite quenched fractions.
Prediction of the Transit Time of Coronal Mass Ejections with an Ensemble Machine-learning Method
Authors: Yang Y. , Liu J. J. , Feng X. S. , Chen P. F. , Zhang B.
Published: October 2023

Coronal mass ejections (CMEs), a kind of violent solar eruptive activity, can exert a significant impact on space weather. When arriving at the Earth, they interact with the geomagnetic field, which can boost the energy supply to the geomagnetic field and may further result in geomagnetic storms, thus having potentially catastrophic effects on human activities. Therefore, accurate forecasting of the transit time of CMEs from the Sun to the Earth is vital for mitigating the relevant losses brought by them. XGBoost, an ensemble model that has better performance in some other fields, is applied to the space weather forecast for the first time. During multiple tests with random data splits, the best mean absolute error (MAE) of ∼5.72 hr was obtained, and in this test, 62% of the test CMEs had absolute arrival time error of less than 5.72 hr. The average MAE over all random tests was ∼10 hr. It indicates that our method has a better predictive potential and baseline. Moreover, we introduce two effective feature importance ranking methods. One is the information gain method, a built-in method of ensemble models. The other is the permutation method. These two methods combine the learning process of the model and its performance to rank the CME features, respectively. Compared with the direct correlation analysis on the sample data set, they can help select the important features that closely match the model. These two methods can assist researchers to process large sample data sets, which often require feature selection in advance.
A survey of perceived risk and protective behaviours towards COVID-19 in 2020 in Iraqi Kurdistan
Authors: M-Amen Karwan , Shabu Sherzad A , Mahmood Kazhan I , Shabila Nazar P
Published: October 2023

Introduction: Human perceptions and behavioural responses to the risk of epidemics have always been crucial factors in studying and containing disease spread. This study aims to assess and understand the risk perception and the behavioural response of a sample of the population in the Kurdistan Region toward COVID-19.
Methodology: A self-administered online survey (designed on Google Forms) was designed to get a rapid appraisal of the risk perception and behavioural response of people living in the Iraqi Kurdistan Region about COVID-19 from 17–25 November 2020.
Results: A total of 390 individuals responded to the survey. Many respondents (65.6%) recognized COVID-19 as a high or very high threat level. The most frequently applied protective behaviours included avoiding spitting on the ground (76.2%), avoiding contacting ill persons (75.9%) and wearing face masks (75.6%). The main source of information about COVID-19 was Internet news (46.2%), followed by social media (44.9%). Significantly higher perceptions of the threat of COVID-19 were found among females (p = 0.004) and those having family members with chronic diseases (p < 0.001).
Conclusions: Understanding the general public’s risk perception toward the COVID-19 infection is essential for determining effective protective measures and can be used to guide proper preventive behaviour.
Rapid Risk Assessment of plant pathogenic bacteria and protists likely to threaten agriculture, biodiversity and forestry in Zambia
Authors: Mulema Joseph , Phiri Sydney , Bbebe Nchimunya , Chandipo Rodwell , Chijikwa Mutibo , Chimutingiza Hildah , Kachapulula Paul , Kankuma Mwanda Francisca , Matimelo Mathews , Mazimba-Sikazwe Emma , Mfune Sydney , Mkulama Mtawa , Moonga Miyanda , Mphande Wiza , Mufwaya Millens , Mulenga Rabson , Mweemba Brenda , Ndalamei Mabote Damien , Nkunika Phillip , Nthenga Isaiah , Tembo Mathias , Chowa Judith , Odunga Stacey , Opisa Selpha , Kasoma Chapwa , Charles Lucinda , Makale Fernadis , Rwomushana Ivan , Phiri Noah Anthony
Published: October 2023

A prioritisation study was conducted to address the lack of adequate information about potential pests likely to be introduced in Zambia and become invasive. The study was conducted by subject matter experts from relevant institutions in and outside Zambia. Although this study focussed on major pest categories, this paper only addresses bacteria and Protista. A list of 306 bacterial and 10 Protista species adjudged to affect plants was generated using CABI’s Horizon Scanning Tool. The 316 (total) pest species were refined to focus on pests that affect value chains important to Zambia’s economy. This resulted in a final list of 133 bacteria and 8 Protista. Four additional bacteria species considered of phytosanitary interest were added and all 137 bacteria and 8 Protista species were subjected to a rapid risk assessment using agreed guidelines. Vectors reported to transmit any of the pathogenic organisms were also subjected to a risk assessment. A proportion of 53% (n=77 of 145) comprising 73 bacteria and 4 Protista species were reported as present in Africa. Of these, 42 (57%, n=73) bacterial species and 2 (n=4) Protista species were reported in neighbouring countries. Considering a cut-off of 54, the highest scoring pests were 40 bacteria (highest score of 140) and three Protista (highest score of 125). Three actions were suggested for high-scoring pests, a detection surveillance, a pest-initiated pest risk analysis (PRA) or a detection surveillance followed by pest-initiated PRA. A “no action” was suggested where the risk was very low although for some pathogenic organisms, a “no action” was followed by periodic monitoring. This information will contribute towards proactive prevention and management of biological invasions.