bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
TwoSet Violin: experiencias musicales colectivas desde la afinidad y la conectividad
Authors: Montoya-Rubio Juan Carlos
Published: August 2022

El dúo australiano TwoSet Violin es un referente en la divulgación de la práctica musical, especialmente a través de su canal de YouTube. Entre sus muchos seguidores se incluyen músicos profesionales, aficionados y público en general. A través de este estudio se pretende conocer los lazos de conexión de la audiencia con estos violinistas, así como las claves de afinidad entre sus propios seguidores. Para ello, se establece una metodología cualitativa, basada en la netnografía profunda no participativa, a partir de la selección por conveniencia de los comentarios más adecuados de los vídeos en los que los seguidores envían sus composiciones para ser interpretadas por los youtubers. Los resultados muestran que existe un vínculo evidente entre todos aquellos que interactúan, reconociendo la valía de las composiciones ajenas y ofreciéndose apoyo y consejo, a pesar de la diversidad en cuanto a formación e intereses musicales. Se discute y concluye acerca del modelo de interacción y generación de experiencias colectivas surgidas desde el entorno de conectividad que implica la lista de reproducción Fan Compositions, en relación con otros estudios fundamentados en entornos similares.
Estrategias de enseñanza aprendizaje en ambientes musicales. Enfoque para niños, niñas y adolescentes con discapacidad víctimas del conflicto armado colombiano
Authors: Larrota Veloza Óscar Javier , Castro Alzate Elvis Siprian , Aguía Rojas Karen , Navas Solano María Carolina , Ruiz Acuña Mónica María
Published: August 2022

Estrategias de enseñanza aprendizaje en ambientes musicales. Enfoque para niños, niñas y adolescentes con discapacidad víctimas del conflicto armado colombiano, es uno de los resultados destacables de la alianza de cinco años, celebrada entre la Universidad Colegio Mayor del Rosario y la Fundación Nacional Batuta, para profundizar y dinamizar el trabajo en el área de terapia ocupacional en beneficio de los procesos pedagógicos y musicales de los niños y niñas con discapacidad pertenecientes al Programa Música para la Reconciliación. Esta publicación refleja la interlocución de saberes entre la música y la terapia ocupacional y presenta algunas estrategias que favorecen los procesos de enseñanza/ aprendizaje de la población con discapacidad en el marco del campo de acción de la Fundación. Así mismo, presenta elementos esenciales para la motivación de los equipos interdisciplinarios que trabajan, día a día, en las clases de música para facilitar la participación activa en la formación musical de las personas en situación de discapacidad. Este libro es una herramienta útil para los trabajadores sociales, los terapeutas ocupacionales, los profesores de música, las personas vinculadas a procesos formativos o participativos mediante los cuales se atienden personas en condición de discapacidad y para todos aquellos que creen –como nosotros– que la música es un vehículo fundamental para favorecer el desarrollo del ser humano.
Automatic recognition of parasitic products in stool examination using object detection approach
Authors: Naing Kaung Myat , Boonsang Siridech , Chuwongin Santhad , Kittichai Veerayuth , Tongloy Teerawat , Prommongkol Samrerng , Dekumyoy Paron , Watthanakulpanich Dorn
Published: August 2022

Background

Object detection is a new artificial intelligence approach to morphological recognition and labeling parasitic pathogens. Due to the lack of equipment and trained personnel, artificial intelligence innovation for searching various parasitic products in stool examination will enable patients in remote areas of undeveloped countries to access diagnostic services. Because object detection is a developing approach that has been tested for its effectiveness in detecting intestinal parasitic objects such as protozoan cysts and helminthic eggs, it is suitable for use in rural areas where many factors supporting laboratory testing are still lacking. Based on the literatures, the YOLOv4-Tiny produces faster results and uses less memory with the support of low-end GPU devices. In comparison to the YOLOv3 and YOLOv3-Tiny models, this study aimed to propose an automated object detection approach, specifically the YOLOv4-Tiny model, for automatic recognition of intestinal parasitic products in stools.

Methods

To identify protozoan cysts and helminthic eggs in human feces, the three YOLO approaches; YOLOv4-Tiny, YOLOv3, and YOLOv3-Tiny, were trained to recognize 34 intestinal parasitic classes using training of image dataset. Feces were processed using a modified direct smear method adapted from the simple direct smear and the modified Kato-Katz methods. The image dataset was collected from intestinal parasitic objects discovered during stool examination and the three YOLO models were trained to recognize the image datasets.

Results

The non-maximum suppression technique and the threshold level were used to analyze the test dataset, yielding results of 96.25% precision and 95.08% sensitivity for YOLOv4-Tiny. Additionally, the YOLOv4-Tiny model had the best AUPRC performance of the three YOLO models, with a score of 0.963.

Conclusion

This study, to our knowledge, was the first to detect protozoan cysts and helminthic eggs in the 34 classes of intestinal parasitic objects in human stools.
TOURAINE, BURAWOY, GRAMSCI: do social ao político
Authors: Mello e Silva Leonardo
Published: August 2022

O ensaio empreende uma discussão da proposta da sociologia pública de Michael Burawoy, nos anos 2000, a partir da confrontação com a intervenção sociológica de Alain Touraine, formulada nos anos 1970. Pontos de contato são detectados no que diz respeito à relação entre pesquisador e pesquisado, como atores sociais. Problemas e limitações, tanto da intervenção sociológica quanto da sociologia pública, são elencados, trazendo-se como apoio exemplos extraídos de trabalho de campo próprio. O texto vale-se também da inspiração de Antonio Gramsci e sua concepção da relação entre senso comum e intelectuais. Ao invés de um juízo conclusivo, propõe-se um diálogo entre os autores, todos preocupados, à sua maneira, com o destino público ou cívico do conhecimento obtido sobre o mundo social. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: sociologia pública, intervenção sociológica, senso comum, intelectual orgânico. TOURAINE, BURAWOY, GRAMSCI: from social to politics Leonardo Mello e Silva This essay discusses the idea of a Public Sociology proposed by Michael Burawoy in the 2000s confronting it with the Sociology Intervention approached by Alain Touraine in the 1970s. Points of contact are detected regarding the relationship between the researcher and the researched, as social actors. Problems and shortcomings from either Public Sociology and Sociology Intervention are otherwise pointed out, which is emphasized by taking to the forefront pieces from own fieldwork. The paper appeals also to Antonio Gramsci’s notion of the common sense and the role of intellectuals. Instead of a definite statement, a dialogue among the authors is proposed, as all of them are concerned about the public outcome from the knowledge coming from the social world. KEY WORDS: public sociology, sociology intervention, common sense, organic intellectual TOURAINE, BURAWOY, GRAMSCI: du social au politique Leonardo Mello e Silva Ce travail entame une discussion au sujet de la proposition de sociologie publique de Michael Burawoy, dans les années 2000, en la confrontant à l’intervention sociologique d’Alain Touraine formulée dans les années 1970. On y détecte des points de rencontres quant à la relation entre chercheurs et sujets de recherche considérés comme acteurs sociaux. Des problèmes et des restrictions, à la fois au niveau de l’intervention sociologique que de la sociologie publique, sont répertoriés en s’appuyant sur des exemples provenant de recherches sur le terrain. Le texte s’inspire aussi de Antonio Gramsci et de sa conception sur la relation entre le sens commun et les intellectuels. Plutôt que d’en arriver à une conclusion, on propose un dialogue entre les auteurs, tous préoccupés à leur manière par le destin public ou civique de la connaissance acquise sur le monde social. MOTS-CLÉS: sociologie publique, intervention sociologique, sens commun, intellectuel organique. Publicação Online do Caderno CRH no Scielo: http://www.scielo.br/ccrh Publicação Online do Caderno CRH: http://www.cadernocrh.ufba.br
SAÚDE REPRODUTIVA E MULHERES INDÍGENAS DO ALTO RIO NEGRO
Authors: Azevedo Marta
Published: August 2022

O presente artigo descreve e analisa as concepções próprias das mulheres indígenas do Alto Rio Negro sobre saúde reprodutiva, relacionando-as a indicadores de fecundidade. As informações qualitativas apontam para um conhecimento detalhado e complexo que as mulheres indígenas dessa região possuem sobre seu corpo e os cuidados com sua saúde. Os níveis e padrões etários da fecundidade estão relacionados com a etnia das mulheres, portanto, aos sistemas tradicionais de cuidados com a saúde desses povos. A pesquisa foi desenvolvida entre 1997 e 2003, na região de Iauaretê, Terra Indígena Alto Rio Negro (AM), e teve como primeira fonte de dados o Censo Indígena Autônomo do Rio Negro – CIARN –, levado a efeito pela Federação das Organizações Indígenas do Rio Negro – FOIRN – em 1992. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: povos indígenas, noroeste amazônico, saúde indígena, demografia e saúde, saúde da mulher. REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH AND INDIGENOUS WOMEN OF THE HIGH RIO NEGRO Marta Azevedo The present paper describes and analyzes High Rio Negro indigenous women’s own conceptions about reproductive health, relating them to fecundity indicators. Qualitative information point to a detailed and complex knowledge that area’s indigenous women possess on their bodies and the care with their health. The fecundity levels and age patterns are related with the women’s ethnicity, and, therefore, to the traditional healthcare system of these peoples. This research was developed between 1997 and 2003, in the Iauaretê area Indigenous Land High Rio Negro (AM), and had as first source of data Rio Negro’s Autonomous Indigenous Census. CIARN., executed by the Federation of Rio Negro’s Indigenous Organizations. FOIRN. in 1992. KEYWORDS: indigenous peoples, the northwestern Amazon, indigenous health, demography and health, women’s health. SANTE POUR LA REPRODUCTION ET LES FEMMES INDIGENES DU ALTO RIO NEGRO Marta Azevedo Dans cet article on décrit et on analyse les conceptions spécifiques qu’ont les femmes indigènes du Alto Rio Negro en ce qui concerne la santé de la reproduction, et on y fait le lien avec les indicateurs de fécondité. Les informations qualitatives montrent une connaissance détaillée et complexe que possèdent les femmes indigènes de cette région en ce qui concerne leur corps et les soins liés à la santé. Les niveaux et les structures d’âge de la fécondité sont mis en relation avec l’ethnie des femmes, c’est-à-dire avec les systèmes traditionnels de soins relatifs à la santé de ces peuples. La recherche a été faite de 1997 à 2003, dans la région de Iauaretê, Terre Indigène de l’Alto Rio Negro (AM), les premières données utilisées ont été celles fournies par le Recensement Indigène Autonome du Rio Negro – CIARN –, réalisé par la Fédération des Organisation Indigènes (Federação das Organizações Indígenas) du Rio Negro – FOIRN – en 1992. MOTS-CLÉS: peuples indigènes, nord-ouest de l’Amazonie, santé indigènes, démographie et la santé, santé des femmes. Publicação Online do Caderno CRH: http://www.cadernocrh.ufba.br
MATIZES DO PENSAMENTO POLÍTICO NORTE-AMERICANO NA VIRADA CONSERVADORA DE 1970
Authors: Valle Maria Ribeiro do
Published: August 2022

Este artigo examina de que forma o revigoramento da excepcional experiência histórica americana aparece como solução para alguns dos principais neoconservadores, sendo emblemáticos Nathan Glazer e Irving Kristol, frente à “queda” do império americano, que tem início nos anos 1960 e 1970, depois de sua ascensão no período da Guerra Fria, os chamados 25 anos gloriosos. Constatamos que a argumentação desses autores está enraizada na retomada da retórica reacionária como antídoto à decadência da virtude americana supostamente provocada pelo comunismo, pelo movimento da contracultura e pelo alegado efeito perverso do welfare state. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: neoconservadores, excepcionalidade americana, pós 25 anos gloriosos, contracultura, welfare state.HUES OF NORTH AMERICAN POLITICAL THOUGHT IN THE CONSERVATIVE TURN OF 1970 Maria Ribeiro do Valle This paper examines how the reinvigoration of the exceptional American historical experience appears as a solution to some of the leading neoconservatives, considering Nathan Glazer and Irving Kristol as emblematic, regarding the “fall” of the American empire, beginning in the 1960s and 1970s, after its rise during the Cold War, the so-called 25 glorious years. We note that the arguments of these authors is rooted in the revival of reactionary rhetoric as an antidote to the decadence of American virtue supposedly caused by Communism, by the counterculture movement and the alleged perverse effect of the welfare state. KEYWORDS: neoconservatives, American exceptionalism, post 25 glorious years, counterculture, welfare state.TON DE LA PENSÉE POLITIQUE NORDAMÉRICAINE LORS DU TOURNANT CONSERVATEUR DE 1970 Maria Ribeiro do Valle Cet article analyse comment la relance de l’expérience historique américaine exceptionnelle surgit comme une solution aux yeux de quelques néoconservateurs de premier plan, Nathan Glazer et Irving Kristol étant emblématiques face à la “chute” de l’empire américain, qui a commencé dans les années 1960 et 1970, après son ascension au cours de la Guerre Froide, les dites 25 années glorieuses. Nous pouvons constater que les arguments de ces auteurs sont enracinés dans la reprise de la rhétorique réactionnaire utilisée comme un antidote à la décadence de la vertu américaine soi-disant causée par le communisme, par le mouvement de contreculture et par le prétendu effet pervers de l’État providence. MOTS-CLÉS: néoconservateurs, exceptionnalité américaine, l’après des 25 années glorieuses, contre culture, l’État-providence (welfare state). Publicação Online do Caderno CRH: http://www.cadernocrh.ufba.br
SOCIOLOGISMO E INDIVIDUALISMO EM ÉMILE DURKHEIM
Authors: Vares Sidnei Ferreira de
Published: August 2022

62 Vares

O presente trabalho pretende analisar o tema do individualismo na

teoria sociológica de Émile

Durkheim com vistas a compreender a validade das críticas

direcionadas por seus principais

comentadores à primazia do campo social, à

preocupação com a ordem e à

adoção

de uma

postura anti-individualista que permearia toda a extensão de

sua obra. Para tanto, promovemos

um diálogo entre as abordagens mais recentes da obra

durkheimiana e as interpretações

consagradas pela tradição sociológica,

com o

objetivo de verificar o peso que o sociólogo

francês

atribuía ao indivíduo e à sociedade em

sua teoria.

PALAVRAS-CHAVE: individualismo, sociologismo, crise moral, ordem,

modernidade.

SOCIOLOGY AND INDIVIDUALISM IN EMILE

DURKHEIM

Sidnei Vares

This paper aims to explore the theme of

individualism in the sociological theory of Emile

Durkheim in order to understand the validity of the

criticism directed by its principal commentators to

the primacy of the social field, the concern for order

and the adoption of an anti-individualistic posture that

pervades the full extent of his work. To this end, we

promote a dialogue between the more recent

approaches of Durkheim’s work and the interpretations

laid down by the sociological tradition, in order to

check the weight that the French sociologist attributed

to the individual and society in his theory.

KEYWORDS: individualism, sociologism, moral crisis,

order and modernity.

SOCIOLOGISME ET INDIVIDUALISME CHEZ

ÉMILE DURKHEIM

Sidnei Vares

Ce travail se veut d’analyser le thème de

l’individualisme dans la théorie sociologique

d’Émile

Durkheim afin de comprendre la validité des critiques

faites par ses principaux commentateurs de la

primauté du champ social, de la préoccupation

liée à

l’ordre et à l’adoption d’une

posture anti-individualiste

qui traverse toute son œuvre. A cette fin, nous avons

établi un dialogue entre les approches les plus

récentes

de l’œuvre de Durkheim et les

interprétations

consacrées par la tradition sociologique dans le but de

vérifier l’importance que ce sociologue

français a

attribuée à l’individu et à

la société dans sa théorie.

MOTS-CLÉS: individualisme, sociologisme, crise morale,

ordre, modernité.

Publicação

Online do Caderno CRH: http://www.cadernocrh.ufba.br

 

Publicação

Online do Caderno CRH no Scielo: http://www.scielo.br/ccrh
Touching in psychological practice
Authors: Gamby John
Published: August 2022

This summarises some core research on touching in human development. Rules of touching are discussed, in Pākehā, Māori and professional psychology cultures. Examples are given of touch gone wrong in terms of these rules. Possible rationales for touching and not touching are offered, followed by some fairly conservative guidelines. It is assumed some of these would be mutable over time.
"... a patient was unable to bring herself to touch a chair which she regarded as contaminated. The therapist and a nurse who was assisting modelled touching the chair, but the patient was unable to do so. The therapist asked whether the patient knew of a children's game, in which people put their hands, one after another, on top of the previous hand; the bottom hand is then pulled out and put on top, and so on. The game was played on the contaminated chair (with a great deal of laughter); the patient had touched the chair several times, and the programme was begun."
(Salkovskis& Kirk, 1993).
Microplastics Are Found Outside in Nature and Inside the Body—but Evidence of Health Risks Is Inconclusive
Authors: Suran Melissa
Published: August 2022

This Medical News feature explains and explores microplastics.
Awareness of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron Variant Infection Among Adults With Recent COVID-19 Seropositivity
Authors: Joung Sandy Y. , Ebinger Joseph E. , Sun Nancy , Liu Yunxian , Wu Min , Tang Amber B. , Prostko John C. , Frias Edwin C. , Stewart James L. , Sobhani Kimia , Cheng Susan
Published: August 2022

Importance

Some individuals who were infected by the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant may have been completely unaware of their infectious status while the virus was actively transmissible.

Objective

To examine awareness of infectious status among individuals during the recent Omicron variant surge in a diverse and populous urban region of Los Angeles County.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This cohort study analyzed the records of adult employees and patients of an academic medical center who were enrolled in a longitudinal COVID-19 serological study in Los Angeles County, California. These participants had 2 or more serial anti-nucleocapsid IgG (IgG-N) antibody measurements at least 1 month apart, with the first occurring after the end of a regional Delta variant surge (September 15, 2021) and a subsequent one occurring after the start of a regional Omicron variant surge (December 15, 2021). Adults with evidence of new SARS-CoV-2 infection occurring during the Omicron variant surge period through May 4, 2022, were included in the present study sample.

Exposures

Recent Omicron variant infection as evidenced by SARS-CoV-2 seroconversion.

Main Outcomes and Measures

Awareness of recent SARS-CoV-2 infection was ascertained from review of self-reported health updates, medical records, and COVID-19 testing data.

Results

Of the 210 participants (median [range] age, 51 (23-84) years; 136 women [65%]) with serological evidence of recent Omicron variant infection, 44% (92) demonstrated awareness of any recent Omicron variant infection and 56% (118) reported being unaware of their infectious status. Among those who were unaware, 10% (12 of 118) reported having had any symptoms, which they attributed to a common cold or other non–SARS-CoV-2 infection. In multivariable analyses that accounted for demographic and clinical characteristics, participants who were health care employees of the medical center were more likely than nonemployees to be aware of their recent Omicron variant infection (adjusted odds ratio, 2.46; 95% CI, 1.30-4.65).

Conclusions and Relevance

Results of this study suggest that more than half of adults with recent Omicron variant infection were unaware of their infectious status and that awareness was higher among health care employees than nonemployees, yet still low overall. Unawareness may be a highly prevalent factor associated with rapid person-to-person transmission within communities.
Rationally Designed Anisotropic and Auxetic Hydrogel Patches for Adaptation to Dynamic Organs
Authors: Chansoria Parth , Blackwell John , Etter Emma L. , Bonacquisti Emily E. , Jasiewicz Natalie , Neal Taylor , Kamal Sarah Alhajli , Hoque Jiaul , Varghese Shyni , Egan Thomas , Nguyen Juliane
Published: August 2022

Current hydrogel or fabric patches for organ repair are generally not designed to conform to the complex mechanics of dynamic organs such as the lung or heart. This study presents a new, biocompatible and bilayered, hydrogel‐based patch platform, consisting of a non‐fouling top layer and a cell adhesive bottom layer, that caters to the anisotropic and auxetic characteristics of dynamic organs. Integrated computational and experimental studies are used to screen over 116 unique anisotropic‐auxetic architectures to establish design rules and tailor the patches to a broad range of target organ dynamics. The patches are then validated in ex vivo and in vivo animal models, where the auxetic patches outperformed non‐auxetic patches in conforming to the volumetric dilation‐contraction of dynamic organs. To further expand the functionality of the auxetic patch platform, novel hole‐filling auxetic patches are developed. These hole‐filling patches composited with fibrin robustly reduce pulmonary air leakage in rats with surgically induced lung puncture. This is the first demonstration of a rational patch design framework that features both anisotropic and auxetic properties to cater to a wide range of organ dynamics. These studies pave the way for future clinical development of biomimetic patches.
Magnetic Skyrmions with Unconventional Helicity Polarization in a Van Der Waals Ferromagnet
Authors: Zhang Chenhui , Liu Chen , Zhang Senfu , Zhou Bojian , Guan Chaoshuai , Ma Yinchang , Algaidi Hanin , Zheng Dongxing , Li Yan , He Xin , Zhang Junwei , Li Peng , Hou Zhipeng , Yin Gen , Liu Kai , Peng Yong , Zhang Xi‐Xiang
Published: August 2022

Skyrmion helicity, which defines the spin swirling direction, is a fundamental parameter that may be utilized to encode data bits in future memory devices. Generally, in centrosymmetric ferromagnets, dipole skyrmions with helicity of −π/2 and π/2 are degenerate in energy, leading to equal populations of both helicities. On the other hand, in chiral materials where the Dzyaloshinskii–Moriya interaction (DMI) prevails and the dipolar interaction is negligible, only a preferred helicity is selected by the type of DMI. However, whether there is a rigid boundary between these two regimes remains an open question. Herein, the observation of dipole skyrmions with unconventional helicity polarization in a van der Waals ferromagnet, Fe5−δGeTe2, is reported. Combining magnetometry, Lorentz transmission electron microscopy, electrical transport measurements, and micromagnetic simulations, the short‐range superstructures in Fe5−δGeTe2 resulting in a localized DMI contribution, which breaks the degeneracy of the opposite helicities and leads to the helicity polarization, is demonstrated. Therefore, the helicity feature in Fe5−δGeTe2 is controlled by both the dipolar interaction and DMI that the former leads to Bloch‐type skyrmions with helicity of ±π/2 whereas the latter breaks the helicity degeneracy. This work provides new insights into the skyrmion topology in van der Waals materials.
Wireless Miniature Magnetic Phase‐Change Soft Actuators
Authors: Tang Yichao , Li Mingtong , Wang Tianlu , Dong Xiaoguang , Hu Wenqi , Sitti Metin
Published: August 2022

Wireless miniature soft actuators are promising for various potential high‐impact applications in medical, robotic grippers, and artificial muscles. However, these miniature soft actuators are currently constrained by a small output force and low work capacity. To address such challenges, a miniature magnetic phase‐change soft composite actuator is reported. This soft actuator exhibits an expanding deformation and enables up to a 70 N output force and 175.2 J g−1 work capacity under remote magnetic radio frequency heating, which are 106–107 times that of traditional magnetic soft actuators. To demonstrate its capabilities, a wireless soft robotic device is first designed that can withstand 0.24 m s−1 fluid flows in an artery phantom. By integrating it with a thermally‐responsive shape‐memory polymer and bistable metamaterial sleeve, a wireless reversible bistable stent is designed toward future potential angioplasty applications. Moreover, it can additionally locomote inside and jump out of granular media. At last, the phase‐change actuator can realize programmable bending deformations when a specifically designed magnetization profile is encoded, enhancing its shape‐programming capability. Such a miniature soft actuator provides an approach to enhance the mechanical output and versatility of magnetic soft robots and devices, extending their medical and other potential applications.
Gradient Response Color‐Changing Joule Heating Fabric for Visual Temperature Detection
Authors: Ge Fangqing , Yu Weidong , Tan Jialing , Sun Juanjuan , Yin Yunjie , Wang Chaoxia
Published: August 2022

Smart heating textiles with high safety factors are urgently demanded when multitudinous intelligent heater products spring up in wearable electronics. We report a Joule heating fabric with gradient response discoloration for visual temperature detection. The Joule heating fabric exhibits high electrical conductivity, and the surface resistance is around 150 Ω (2 cm). The temperature of Joule heating fabric rapidly rises from room temperature (25.6 °C) to 42.6 °C at 8 V in 160 s and keeps an equilibrium with the environmental temperature based on the electrothermal conversion properties of graphene. Meanwhile, the Joule heating fabric exhibits gradient response discoloration and turns from amaranth (25.6 °C) to blue (33.0 °C) and white (38.0 °C) successively. Once the power is turned off, the Joule heating fabric turns back to the amaranth in 60 s, resulting from the disappearance of Joule heating. These results suggest the temperature change of Joule heating fabric can be visualized via the gradient response color‐changing behavior under the applied voltage. The Joule heating fabric maintains stable electrothermal performance after repeated mechanical deformations and presents favorable durability even undergone over 50 cycles. The Joule heating fabric displays potential in wearable electronics for protecting the human body against scald.
Disentangling the Ultrafast Nonlinear Optical Behavior of Plasmonic Resonances Near the Interband Transition
Authors: Schirato Andrea , Silva Mychel G. , Teles-Ferreira Danielle C. , Manzoni Cristian , de Paula Ana Maria , Cerullo Giulio , Della Valle Giuseppe , Di Vece Marcel
Published: August 2022

The photoexcitation of plasmonic nanostructures with ultrashort laser pulses allows for elucidating the mechanisms underlying the ultrafast nonlinear optical response of such systems, gaining insight into the fundamental processes triggered by light absorption at the nanoscale. To date, the complex temporal and spectral features of the photoinduced response are not fully understood, especially when the photon energies are close to the interband transitions of the metallic medium. Herein, the effects of photoexcitation of plasmonic nanostructures are studied by resorting to a combinaion of broadband transient absorption spectroscopy and semiclassical nonlinear simulations of the energy relaxation processes following illumination. The proposed approach enables an in‐depth disentanglement of all the contributions to the ultrafast transient optical response of supported gold nanocrystals. From these methods, the apparent transient blue shift of the localized plasmon resonance observed in the pump–probe signals is rationalized as an interplay between different and spectrally dispersed permittivity modulations, instead of a simple negative permittivity change, as it could be concluded based on the Fröhlich condition. The results provide a comprehensive understanding of the thermo‐modulational nonlinearities of plasmonic nanostructures exhibiting resonances close to the interband transition threshold.
Hierarchical Multiresolution Design of Bioinspired Structural Composites Using Progressive Reinforcement Learning
Authors: Yu Chi‐Hua , Tseng Bor‐Yann , Yang Zhenze , Tung Cheng‐Che , Zhao Elena , Ren Zhi‐Fan , Yu Sheng‐Sheng , Chen Po‐Yu , Chen Chuin‐Shan , Buehler Markus J.
Published: August 2022

A new method using reinforcement learning for designing bioinspired composite materials is proposed. While bioinspired design of materials is a promising avenue, the possible combination of building blocks in a composite is usually intractable. In this work, a new method is proposed based on reinforcement learning applied as an autonomous agent for arranging the microstructure that is composed of brittle and soft material. The resolution of the design space is enhanced in a progressive fashion, reaching increasingly higher resolution. The results show that the resulting high‐resolution designs can significantly reduce stress concentrations at crack tips and enhance mechanical resilience. Complementing the experimental results with manufactured optimal composites shows excellent agreement with the optimal results obtained using the AI method. The framework reported in this work may serve as an alternative to conventional composite optimization techniques, which often suffer from the curse of high dimensionality and are also unable to effectively predict high‐resolution designs, due to limitations of the algorithms to escape low‐resolution local minima. The new approach discussed in this work can be widely applied in multiple areas of engineering and design, and the progressive multiresolution approach may also be critical for the de novo autonomous reinforcement engineering solutions.
Injectable Nanoparticle‐Based Hydrogels Enable the Safe and Effective Deployment of Immunostimulatory CD40 Agonist Antibodies
Authors: Correa Santiago , Meany Emily L. , Gale Emily C. , Klich John H. , Saouaf Olivia M. , Mayer Aaron T. , Xiao Zunyu , Liong Celine S. , Brown Ryanne A. , Maikawa Caitlin L. , Grosskopf Abigail K. , Mann Joseph L. , Idoyaga Juliana , Appel Eric A.
Published: August 2022

When properly deployed, the immune system can eliminate deadly pathogens, eradicate metastatic cancers, and provide long‐lasting protection from diverse diseases. Unfortunately, realizing these remarkable capabilities is inherently risky as disruption to immune homeostasis can elicit dangerous complications or autoimmune disorders. While current research is continuously expanding the arsenal of potent immunotherapeutics, there is a technological gap when it comes to controlling when, where, and how long these drugs act on the body. Here, this study explored the ability of a slow‐releasing injectable hydrogel depot to reduce dose‐limiting toxicities of immunostimulatory CD40 agonist (CD40a) while maintaining its potent anticancer efficacy. A previously described polymer‐nanoparticle (PNP) hydrogel system is leveraged that exhibits shear‐thinning and yield‐stress properties that are hypothesized to improve locoregional delivery of CD40a immunotherapy. Using positron emission tomography, it is demonstrated that prolonged hydrogel‐based delivery redistributes CD40a exposure to the tumor and the tumor draining lymph node (TdLN), thereby reducing weight loss, hepatotoxicity, and cytokine storm associated with standard treatment. Moreover, CD40a‐loaded hydrogels mediate improved local cytokine induction in the TdLN and improve treatment efficacy in the B16F10 melanoma model. PNP hydrogels, therefore, represent a facile, drug‐agnostic method to ameliorate immune‐related adverse effects and explore locoregional delivery of immunostimulatory drugs.
Gut Microbiome Analysis Can Be Used as a Noninvasive Diagnostic Tool and Plays an Essential Role in the Onset of Membranous Nephropathy
Authors: Shang Jin , Zhang Yiding , Guo Ruixue , Liu Wenli , Zhang Jun , Yan Ge , Wu Feng , Cui Wen , Wang Peipei , Zheng Xuejun , Wang Ting , Dong Yijun , Zhao Jing , Wang Li , Xiao Jing , Zhao Zhanzheng
Published: August 2022

Membranous nephropathy (MN) is a common cause of nephrotic syndrome. The aim is to establish a non‐invasive diagnostic model of MN using differential gut microbiome analysis, and to explore the relationship between the gut microbiome and MN pathogenesis in vivo. 825 fecal samples from MN patients and healthy participants are collected from multiple medical centers across China. Key operational taxonomic units (OTUs) obtained through 16S rRNA sequencing are used to establish a diagnostic model. A rat model of MN is developed to explore the relationship between the gut microbiome and the pathogenesis of MN. The diversity and richness of the gut microbiome are significantly lower in patients with MN than in healthy individuals. The diagnostic model based on seven OTUs achieves an excellent efficiency of 98.36% in the training group and also achieves high efficiency in cross‐regional cohorts. In MN rat model, gut microbiome elimination prevents model establishment, but fecal microbiome transplantation restores the phenotype of protein urine. Gut microbiome analysis can be used as a non‐invasive tool for MN diagnosis. The onset of MN depends on the presence of naturally colonized microbiome. Early intervention in the gut microbiome may help reduce urinary protein level in MN.
Self‐Charging Persistent Mechanoluminescence with Mechanics Storage and Visualization Activities
Authors: Bai Yongqing , Guo Xiuping , Tian Birong , Liang Yongmin , Peng Dengfeng , Wang Zhaofeng
Published: August 2022

Persistent mechanoluminescence (ML) with long lifetime is highly required to break the limits of the transient emitting behavior under mechanics stimuli. However, the existing materials with persistent ML are completely trap‐controlled, and a pre‐irradiation is required, which severely hinders the practical applications. In this work, a novel type of ML, self‐charging persistent ML, is created by compositing the Sr3Al2O5Cl2:Dy3+ (SAOCD) powders into flexible polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) matrix. With no need for any pre‐irradiation, the as‐fabricated SAOCD/PDMS elastomer could exhibit intense and persistent ML under mechanics stimuli directly, which greatly facilitates its applications in mechanics lighting, displaying, imaging, and visualization. By investigating the matrix effects as well as the thermoluminescence, cathodoluminescence, and triboelectricity properties, the interfacial triboelectrification‐induced electron bombardment processes are demonstrated to be responsible for the self‐charged energy in  SAOCD under mechanics stimuli. Based on the unique self‐charging processes, the SAOCD/PDMS further exhibits mechanics storage and visualized reading activities, which brings novel ideas and approaches to deal with the mechanics‐related problems in the fields of mechanical engineering, bioengineering, and artificial intelligence.
Wireless Non‐Invasive Monitoring of Cholesterol Using a Smart Contact Lens
Authors: Song Hayoung , Shin Haein , Seo Hunkyu , Park Wonjung , Joo Byung Jun , Kim Jeongho , Kim Jeonghyun , Kim Hong Kyun , Kim Jayoung , Park Jang‐Ung
Published: August 2022

Herein, a wireless and soft smart contact lens that enables real‐time quantitative recording of cholesterol in tear fluids for the monitoring of patients with hyperlipidemia using a smartphone is reported. This contact lens incorporates an electrochemical biosensor for the continuous detection of cholesterol concentrations, stretchable antenna, and integrated circuits for wireless communication, which makes a smartphone the only device required to operate this lens remotely without obstructing the wearer's vision. The hyperlipidemia rabbit model is utilized to confirm the correlation between cholesterol levels in tear fluid and blood and to confirm the feasibility of this smart contact lens for diagnostic application of cholesterol‐related diseases. Further in vivo tests with human subjects demonstrated its good biocompatibility, wearability, and reliability as a non‐invasive healthcare device.
Interface Design Considering Intrinsic Properties of Dielectric Materials to Minimize Space‐Charge Layer Effect between Oxide Cathode and Sulfide Solid Electrolyte in All‐Solid‐State Batteries
Authors: Park Bo Keun , Kim Hyeongil , Kim Kyung Su , Kim Hyun‐Seung , Han Seung Ho , Yu Ji‐Sang , Hah Hoe Jin , Moon Janghyuk , Cho Woosuk , Kim Ki Jae
Published: August 2022

Introducing dielectric materials is a promising approach to mitigate space‐charge‐layer (SCL) formation, which negatively affects the electrochemical performance of sulfide‐based all‐solid‐state batteries (ASSBs). Most previous studies have focused on mitigating SCL formation by introducing dielectric materials, overlooking the fact that significant dielectric properties such as the dipole moment direction and the magnitude of the dielectric constant can influence SCL formation. To clarify the unclear mechanism of dielectric materials mitigating SCL formation, paraelectricity, ferroelectricity, and the magnitude of the dielectric constant are investigated to determine their effect on SCL formation. Paraelectric materials possessing no permanent dipole moment can effectively mitigate the SCL formation better than ferroelectric material with strong permanent dipole moment because of the intrinsic characteristics of the paraelectric material, in which the dipole moment can be aligned along the direction of the electric field applied inside of ASSB. Furthermore, paraelectric materials with a larger dielectric constant have a greater effect in mitigating SCL effect than paraelectric materials with a smaller dielectric constant. Thus, these properties should be considered in cathode‐solid‐electrolyte interface design. This study considers relevant dielectric material characteristics that had not been considered previously, suggesting a new paradigm for optimizing the interfacial resistance of sulfide‐based ASSBs originating from SCL formation.
Interfacial Embedding for High‐Efficiency and Stable Methylammonium‐Free Perovskite Solar Cells with Fluoroarene Hydrazine
Authors: Khadka Dhruba B. , Shirai Yasuhiro , Yanagida Masatoshi , Tadano Terumasa , Miyano Kenjiro
Published: August 2022

Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) with state‐of‐the‐art efficiencies contain thermally unstable methylammonium (MA). Here, interfacial passivation with pentafluorophenylhydrazine (5F‐PHZ) to fabricate efficient and stable MA/Br‐free PSCs is introduced. The 5F‐PHZ surface treatment quenches the PbI2 and δ‐perovskite phase formed in the pristine film. The surface passivation ameliorates the film chemistries at the surface with modulation of interface band alignment as a consequence of halogen bonding with fluoroarene moieties or NH–NH2 terminals. This results in a much longer carrier lifetime with the passivation at the surface and grain boundaries trap centers. As a result, it boosts the power conversion efficiency (PCE) (area ≈ 1 cm2) from 18.10% to 22.29% (VOC ≈ 1.096–1.178 V) with superior operational thermal stability. A certified PCE of 21.01% with a large area of ≈1.026 cm2 is also achieved. It is found that the surface passivation forms an interfacial embedded layer subsequent to attenuation of defect densities and suppression of ion migration, which is supported by density‐function‐theory calculation. Importantly, this approach is effective in enhancing the PCE of narrow and wide bandgap perovskite systems. Thus, this work opens up a new technique for interface modulation with fluoroarene functional derivatives to achieve superior device performance and stability.
Transport properties of graphene oxide nanofiltration membranes: Electrokinetic modeling and experimental validation
Authors: Wang Zhongzhen , Xu Chunyan , Fu Qiang , Nair Sankar
Published: August 2022

There is a need for developing reliable models for water and solute transport in graphene oxide (GO) membranes for advancing their emerging industrial water processing applications. In this direction, we develop predictive transport models for GO and reduced‐GO (rGO) membranes over a wide solute concentration range (0.01–0.5 M) and compositions, based on the extended Nernst–Planck transport equations, Donnan equilibrium condition, and solute adsorption models. Some model parameters are obtained by fitting experimental permeation data for water and unary (single‐component) aqueous solutions. The model is validated by predicting experimental permeation behavior in binary solutions, which display very different characteristics. Sensitivity analysis of salt rejections as a function of membrane design parameters (pore size and membrane charge density) allows us to infer design targets to achieve high salt rejections. Such models will be useful in accelerating structure‐separation property relationships of GO membranes and for separation process design and optimization.
Kinetic and thermodynamic studies on [Omim]Cl/ZnCl2 catalyzed synthesis of polyoxymethylene dimethyl ethers
Authors: Wang Gang , Zhao Shirun , Yao Haoyu
Published: August 2022

Polyoxymethylene dimethyl ethers (OMEs) emerging as green additives for soot emission suppression receive significant attention due to their similar physical properties to diesel. Herein, the transformative pathways of dimethoxymethane (DMM) and trioxane reactions for OMEs production catalyzed by [Omim]Cl/ZnCl2 having different ZnCl2 content were demonstrated in combination with the clarification of active species, kinetic and thermodynamic properties, and chemical nature for trioxane decomposition and subsequential formaldehyde insertion steps. The role of [Omim]Cl, which could transform to [Omim]ZnCl3 or [Omim]Zn2Cl5 under different ZnCl2 content, laid in the formation of active zinc species and promotion of their homogeneity with reactants. The DMM chain growth, which followed the same mechanism and kinetic law, showed kinetic and thermodynamic regimes and had identical equilibrium distribution of OMEs. Only Zn2Cl5− species were active for trioxane decomposition, which was the kinetic‐relevant step, while both ZnCl3− and Zn2Cl5− were effective for DMM chain elongation.
Genetics and epigenetics of self‐injurious thoughts and behaviors: Systematic review of the suicide literature and methodological considerations
Authors: Mirza Salahudeen , Docherty Anna R. , Bakian Amanda , Coon Hilary , Soares Jair C. , Walss‐Bass Consuelo , Fries Gabriel R.
Published: August 2022

Suicide is a multifaceted and poorly understood clinical outcome, and there is an urgent need to advance research on its phenomenology and etiology. Epidemiological studies have demonstrated that suicidal behavior is heritable, suggesting that genetic and epigenetic information may serve as biomarkers for suicide risk. Here we systematically review the literature on genetic and epigenetic alterations observed in phenotypes across the full range of self‐injurious thoughts and behaviors (SITB). We included 577 studies focused on genome‐wide and epigenome‐wide associations, candidate genes (SNP and methylation), noncoding RNAs, and histones. Convergence of specific genes is limited across units of analysis, although pathway‐based analyses do indicate nervous system development and function and immunity/inflammation as potential underlying mechanisms of SITB. We provide suggestions for future work on the genetic and epigenetic correlates of SITB with a specific focus on measurement issues.
An Fe6C Core in All Nitrogenase Cofactors
Authors: Decamps Laure , Rice Derek B. , DeBeer Serena
Published: August 2022

The biological process of dinitrogen reduction to ammonium occurs at the cofactors of nitrogenases, the only enzymes that catalyze this challenging chemical reaction. Three types of nitrogenases have been described, named according to the heterometal in their cofactor: molybdenum, vanadium or iron nitrogenases. Spectroscopic and structural characterization allowed the unambiguous identification of the cofactors of molybdenum and vanadium nitrogenases and revealed a central μ6‐carbide in both of them. Although genetic studies suggested that the cofactor of the iron nitrogenase contains a similar Fe6C core, this has not been experimentally demonstrated. Here we report Valence‐to‐Core X‐ray Emission Spectroscopy providing experimental evidence that this cofactor contains a carbide, thereby making the Fe6C core a feature of all nitrogenase cofactors.
Molecular Doping of Flexible Lead‐Free Perovskite‐Polymer Thick Membranes for High‐Performance X‐Ray Detection
Authors: Liu Xinmei , Li Haojin , Cui Qingyue , Wang Shumei , Ma Chuang , Li Nan , Bu Nuo , Yang Tinghuan , Song Xin , Liu Yucheng , Yang Zhou , Zhao Kui , Liu Shengzhong (Frank)
Published: August 2022

X‐ray detectors have broad applications in medicine and industry. Although flexible lead‐free perovskite films are competitive because of their lightweight and low toxicity, they are less efficient due to low charge transport. Herein, we report low‐toxicity, flexible X‐ray detectors based on p‐type doped MA3Bi2I9 (MA=methylammonium) perovskite‐filled membranes (PFMs). Strong coordination between dopant 2,3,5,6‐tetrafluoro‐7,7,8,8‐tetracyanoquinodimethane (F4‐TCNQ) and MA3Bi2I9 and the establishment of charge‐transfer complex (CPX) improved the conductivity by four times. The flexible X‐ray detector achieved a high sensitivity of 2065 μC Gyair−1 cm−2 and an ultra‐low detection limit of 2.71 nGyair s−1, which is among the highest values in all environmentally friendly flexible X‐ray detectors. Importantly, the PFMs retained excellent charge transport under mechanical stress. All of those make flexible MA3Bi2I9 membranes more competitive as next‐generation X‐ray detection.
Fluorinated Copolypeptide‐Stabilized Microbubbles with Maleimide‐Decorated Surfaces as Long‐Term Ultrasound Contrast Agents
Authors: Cen Jie , Ye Xianjun , Liu Xiao , Pan Wenhao , Zhang Lei , Zhang Guoying , He Nianan , Shen Aizong , Hu Jinming , Liu Shiyong
Published: August 2022

Gas‐filled microbubbles (MBs) have been clinically used as ultrasound (US) contrast agents for disease diagnosis and treatment. However, it remains a great challenge to resolve the dilemma of stability and contrast enhancement of MBs. Herein, amphiphilic copolypeptides bearing fluorinated blocks are synthesized to stabilize perfluorocarbon (PFC)‐filled MBs, exhibiting unique stability under both long‐term storage and US imaging conditions. The fluorinated inner layer reduces the internal Laplace pressure and greatly improves the stability of MBs, which can be further reinforced by crosslinking of the dipropargyl‐containing middle blocks. To overcome the suppressed nonlinear oscillation of polymer shells, maleimide groups are introduced onto the surface of MBs, enabling in situ reaction with plasma proteins to enhance second harmonic signals without compromising the stability of MBs, conferring better US imaging performance than that of SonoVueTMMBs.