bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Technical condition of pipeline systems in operation
Authors: Prodous Oleg , Shlychkov Dmitriy , Abrosimova Ivanna , Chelonenko Andrey
Published: October 2024

The technical state of the pipeline systems that are now in use for different purposes was examined through analytical and field tests. The results were correlated, and the causes that cause instability in the system's operation were determined. It is established that the depreciation rates for pipeline systems that are currently in use are average in nature, do not sufficiently distinguish between application areas, operating conditions, diameters, and the degree of aggressiveness of the medium, and provide very little information regarding the potential for using new materials. If the difficulties related to pipeline wear are connected to the effectiveness of new solutions (structures, materials), the expected service life of old pipes will be further reduced in contrast to the economic limit of technical wear. As a result, steel pipelines may only be used when no other suitable option exists and they are coated on the inside for protection.
Modeling of heat exchangers in ANSYS CFX for the digital twins development
Authors: Ponikarov Artem
Published: October 2024

The paper presents a universal methodology for modeling and optimization of shell-and-tube heat exchanger designs using the ANSYS CFX software package. Mathematical modeling plays a key role in the design and modernization of heat and mass transfer equipment, especially in the petrochemical and oil and gas processing industries, and especially in the creation of digital twins of heat and mass transfer equipment. The modern approach provides prediction of equipment behavior at the development stage, which makes it possible to take into account the peculiarities of the actual geometry of the apparatuses and optimize the interaction of contacting phases. The paper considers the stages of creating a digital model of a heat exchanger, including the construction of an electronic geometric model, creation of a computational grid, selection of mathematical models of hydrodynamics and heat transfer, as well as the setting of boundary conditions and solver parameters. Special attention is paid to the selection of heat transfer and turbulence models suitable for high Reynolds numbers. The results of numerical simulation in ANSYS CFX are compared with analytical solutions and data obtained with ANSYS Fluent. The difference in the results was about 1 °C, which confirms the high accuracy and reliability of the proposed methodology. This indicates the feasibility of using ANSYS CFX for modeling and optimization of technological equipment. The obtained results can be applied to build a digital twin model, to improve the efficiency of heat transfer processes, to reduce the cost of development and modernization of equipment, as well as in further research on the intensification of heat and mass transfer using digital models.
Modeling thermal-technical parameters of a solar pond using COMSOL multiphysics
Authors: Elmurodov N.S. , Kodirov I.N. , Toshboev A.R. , Makhamov Kh.T. , Ruzieva Z.K. , Kurbonov B.E.
Published: October 2024

The article presents the experiments of scientific study of the temperature changes of the pond layers at the given solar radiation values inside the solar pond device modeled using Comsol Multiphysics. The developed model of the solar pond with simplified geometry dimensions changes the sign of the experimental calculation in a positive direction, which helps to study and optimize the energy accumulation process. This research shows that computer modeling can be used to study and optimize the solar pond energy storage process. In addition, the results of this modeling can be used to improve the solar pond device and develop its new technologies. The models obtained from the 3D study of the process using the Comsol multiphysics program are analogs of the three-dimensional cross section in the vertical part of the solar pool. It has been shown that the bottom energy storage layer of the solar pool rises up to 60 ℃ when the concentration of the salt water mixture in the solar pool device varies around 25-30% and the energy storage reaches its maximum value when the solar radiation reaches its maximum value.
Alpha radioactivity in Iraqi market foodstuff: Assessing annual effective dose and lifetime cancer risk
Authors: Kareem Hashim Abdalsattar , Alhiti Laith S. , Abid Abojassim Ali , Yakoob Taher Sally , Saeed Jassim Ali
Published: October 2024

In this study, integrated passive radon dosimeters with solid-state nuclear trace detectors (CR-39 and CN-85) were used to determine the annual effective dose and excess cancer risk for 25 different food samples in the Iraqi market. The dosimeters were deployed after four weeks of the required radiological equilibrium between radon and radium in the samples stored in sealed beakers. These caps were then quickly replaced with other caps equipped with detectors and stored for 70 days. After the detectors were removed from the samples, an electrochemical etching process was performed in a water bath and sodium hydroxide solution to reveal the traces of alpha particles on the detector surface. Microscopic observations were performed using an optical microscope to quantify the traces present on the detector surface. The results showed that the average radon concentrations for the CR-39 detectors ranged from 3.80 to 7.32 Bq/kg, with an average of 5.51 Bq/m3, and for the CN-85 detectors ranged from 1.23 to 4.51 Bq/kg, with an average of 2.79 Bq/kg. The radium and uranium concentrations for the CR-39 detector ranged from 0.299 to 0.577 Bq/kg, with an average of 0.434 Bq/kg, and from 3.72 to 7.17 Bq/kg, with an average of 5.40 Bq/kg. Comparing all the results between the two detectors, it was found that the values recorded with the CR-39 were approximately twice those recorded with the CN-85. It is important to note that all recorded values are within internationally permissible limits and do not pose a threat to human health.
Calculating the gamma-ray attenuation properties for some materials with the WinXcom software
Authors: Al‑Hasnawy Ruaa S. , Shaker Ali S. , Jassim Ali Saeed , Nemah S.S.
Published: October 2024

This research investigated the attenuation properties of gamma ray for some materials, lead (Pb) and tin (Sn), in the energy region from 0.1 - 3 MeV using X-COM code. As a result of increasing photon energy, both MAC and LAC of a selected material decreased. Lead (Pb) offers more effective shielding of gamma rays than tin (Sn) since it has the highest μ and μm values coupled with the lowest HVL and TVL.
Advancements in energy-efficient welding production techniques: Innovative models and methods for combined workpiece fabrication
Authors: Tadjikuziev Rakhmatjan , Rubidinov Shokhrukh , Mamatqulova Saida
Published: October 2024

This article highlights notable advances in energy-efficient welding manufacturing techniques, with particular emphasis on new models and methodologies for combined welding machines. High energy density welding processes such as laser beam and electron beam welding are being investigated for their potential to optimize energy use in various industrial applications. Furthermore, the examination extends to energy- efficient high-density welding procedures, notably encompassing electric arc, gas welding, and autogenous welding, while also taking into account factors tied to corrosion processing. Technological advances in machining, cutting techniques, and specialized connectors are also explored in detail, and their contribution to reducing energy consumption and improving overall equipment efficiency is examined. This thorough investigation would not be complete without considering the implications for the energy sector, where the use of energy-efficient welding techniques is critical in reducing costs and refining manufacturing processes.
Studying the resistance to ultraviolet radiation of products with paintwork in a UV chamber
Authors: Savenkov Dmitry , Donskoy Danila , Limarenko Nikolai , Gladckih Dmitriy
Published: October 2024

The research presented in this article is devoted to testing samples of plastic cladding panels with paint coating of different colors, in order to assess its technical characteristics and resistance to climatic conditions. Paint and varnish coatings form a barrier preventing the penetration of moisture and aggressive substances, thereby extending the service life of the equipment. As part of the experiment, two samples of paintwork were provided for further analysis. The test methodology included visual inspection of the objects, roughness measurement and microscopic analysis with further application of Matlab application program package. The experimental results showed that both paintwork samples changed their color. Analysis of the roughness data showed that the white sample performed slightly better, as well as when analyzing the data obtained from the microscope. Additional research and testing can be done to improve the design of the switches and increase their durability in service.
Research on the rational aggregation of a transport tractor
Authors: Kambarov Bakhtiyor , Kholikov Bakhtiyor , Khudaykuliyev Razhabbai , Lavrov Aleksandr
Published: October 2024

The results of studying the resistance to traction of a tractor train consisting of models Belarus 80.1 tractor and two 2PТС-4-793 trailers, and how this resistance depends on the number of trailers, the load weight Gt , and the speed of movement are specified in the article. Obtained figures indicate that, while the weight of each trailer n remains constant, the force in tractor’s attachment increases as number of trailers increases. Conversely, the resistance coefficient f of support surface's slope angle α and the rolling resistance of the wheels decreases. For investigating the force at tractor trains Рtf on soil and gravel roads, it is recommended to use the slope angle 6° of support surface and rolling resistance coefficient values for the specific surface types gravel - f =0.03 and asphalt - f =0.018. At a speed of 35 km/h, maximum traction resistance force for tractor train with total mass of 15720 kg and four trailers reached 2592 N. Usage degree of calculated traction force in Belarus 80.1 tractor and four-loaded trailers of 2PТС-4-793 type train was 17%.
Automation of repair company processes through the use of digital models
Authors: Leonov Oleg , Shkaruba Nina , Pupkova Daria , Grinchenko Lavrentiy
Published: October 2024

The article discusses the improvement of the process of picking and assembling an internal combustion engine, during repair, using the method of complete interchangeability, by digitizing it. The purpose of the study is to create a digital model of the process of picking and assembling an internal combustion engine during repair for an enterprise. In the study of the theoretical basis, which serves as the basis for the implementation of the picking and assembling process by the method of complete interchangeability, methods of analysis and synthesis were used. The Buisness Studio software product was used to design the digital model, the IDEF0 notation was used to determine the location of the picking and assembling process, and the BPMN notation was used to model the diagram of the process in question. As a result of the work, a diagram of the decomposition of the work processes of the repair enterprise was obtained, as well as a simulation model of the process of picking and assembling of the internal combustion engine, which presents the operations, the process, its resources, main events, and also details the features of the method of complete interchangeability. The resulting model makes it possible to optimize the order of assembly cycles, based on current information about the state of the enterprise, its resources and consumer requirements.
Influence of thermal boundary layer on thermophysical properties of construction materials
Authors: Anikanova Tatyana , Rakhimbaev Shark , Pogromsky Alexey
Published: October 2024

The paper considers the influence of thermal boundary layer on the thermal conductivity coefficient of building materials. The influence of thermal boundary layer on the thermal characteristics is shown on the example of cellular materials such as foam concrete, gas silicate and vacuum-powder thermal insulation materials.New ideas about regularities and mechanism of action of such factors as pore size, thickness and composition of interstitial partitions on thermal conductivity of porous materials are proposed. The thermal characteristics of porous systems were analyzed using the theory of similarity (calculation of Grasgoff, Rayleigh, and Prandtl criteria). Calculation of these criteria showed that in cellular materials with pore diameter up to 4 mm the convective component does not influence the heat transfer coefficient. The thermal boundary layer, a low-moving thin layer of gas adsorbed on the inner surface of the pore, has a great influence on the heat transfer processes in the pore. The paper considers the structure of the thermal boundary layer from the approach of the electrical surface properties of the pore and the gas in it. It is shown that the structure of the thermal boundary layer depends on the surface charges of the solid phase and gas. In the environment of air or oxygen denser and more homogeneous in structure thermal boundary layer will have materials, which pore walls will have an effective positive charge, and the thermal boundary layer of materials with a large negative surface charge will be loose, inhomogeneous. In hydrogen medium, on the contrary, materials with an effective negative charge will have a denser and more homogeneous thermal boundary layer structure.
Assessment of the effectiveness of the introduction of technology “Smart Home” in buildings with built-in office premises
Authors: Shvets Artem , Sheina Svetlana
Published: October 2024

The development of the idea of “Smart Office” technologies within the “Smart Home” received during the COVID-19 pandemic. Comfortable staying at home during the pandemic, upon its completion, prompted the idea of promoting the idea of creating more advanced, motivating and productive workplaces. The article shows the relevance of using “Smart Home” technologies for buildings with built-in office premises. Their positive and negative sides, the most promising options for solutions for use in office premises are considered. The article considers such technologies as “Smart Intercom”, “Smart Lighting”, “Smart video surveillance”, “Smart Climate Control”, their operating principles. The economic efficiency of using thermostats applicable to the designed building is considered. The calculation of the main indicators of economic efficiency was performed: net present value (NPV), internal rate of return (IRR), profitability index (PI) and payback period. The result of the calculation is graphically shown.
Optimization of the magnetostrictional molding composites structure
Authors: Bormotov Alelexei
Published: October 2024

The paper presents the methodology of multi-criteria synthesis of magnetostrictive cast composites with high physical-mechanical and anti-corrosive properties. The synthesis of composites is realized by solving nonlinear mathematical programming tasks sequentially. The quality of the modeling was evaluated using the composite quality functional. The numerical methods for solving the optimization problem of the target function of kinetic processes are based on the construction of Pareto sets, penalty functions of Arrow-Hurwitz, and the method of equal estimate regions. The necessary and sufficient criteria for forming optimal recipe-technological parameters were established, allowing to obtain composites with specified structure and properties. The proposed methods were tested in the development of a practical technology for producing polymer composites with magnetostrictive properties.
Building accurate numerical models
Authors: Sharapov Dmitry
Published: October 2024

Numerical modeling has emerged as a crucial tool across various scientific and engineering disciplines, enabling the simulation and prediction of complex systems. This paper explores the comprehensive process of numerical model development, encompassing problem definition, mathematical formulation, discretization, implementation, and validation. High-performance computing (HPC) technologies, including supercomputers and parallel processing, play a pivotal role in managing large-scale simulations and enhancing computational efficiency. Key strategies such as algorithm optimization, parallel computing, and efficient data management are essential for maximizing computational resources. The integration of emerging technologies like machine learning, artificial intelligence, and quantum computing holds significant promise for advancing numerical modeling capabilities. Additionally, cloud computing offers scalable and flexible resources, making high-performance computing more accessible. The paper underscores the importance of continual refinement and validation of numerical models to maintain their accuracy and reliability, ultimately highlighting the dynamic and evolving nature of this critical scientific methodology.
Optimal recovery of the derivate from the confined analytic function
Authors: Ovchintsev Mikhail
Published: October 2024

In the article the author finds out the best straight-line method to recover the derivate in zero-point from the confined analytic function determined in the unit circle according to values of the function and values of its derivate in given points creating the regular polygon with zero as the center. The paper consists of three parts. The first part one contains notions and results necessary for the solution of the objective. The second part determines the measure of inaccuracy of the best approximation method and draws out the corresponding extremum function. It is established that the extremum function is the only one to an approximation of the constant multiplier modulo equal to one. The third part calculates coefficients of the best straight-line method of recovery. It is established that the best straight- linear method of recovery is the only one.
Enhancement of local traffic management systems using information technology
Authors: Jumayev Sherzod , Suyunbayev Shinpolat , Sultanov Timur , Akhmedova Muslima , Toxtakxodjaeva Mafirat
Published: October 2024

In the article the analysis and researches on optimization of the process of transfer and assembly of local wagons at freight stations in railway transport are carried out. In particular, on the basis of the results of the work a structural scheme for effective organization of the wagon flow has been carried out to optimize the work on formatting of multi-group trains serving intermediate stations located on the railroad site at technical stations, to improve the technologies of transfer and withdrawal of wagons to intermediate stations. Chukursay sorting station under the jurisdiction of “Uzbekistan Railways” JSC and intermediate stations (mainly located on the southern line), where the formation of multi-group trains from the sorting station is planned, were selected as the object of research. Has been researched proportion of staying local wagon-flows over-standard at stations and railroad haul. According to it, the highest number of stays is in the proportion of technical stations (42% in relation to total stays) and intermediate stations (31% in relation to total stays). A target function has been developed to transfer local wagon flows to and from intermediate stations. In order to solve the problems, a program for determining the layout scheme of wagons in the composition of the train has been developed and proposals for its introduction into practice have been made.
Exploring institutional drivers and barriers for green ESG strategies performance in Russian regions
Authors: Popova Ekaterina
Published: October 2024

Stakeholders are interested in creating an institutional environment in regions that promotes green economic growth. However, the increased risks of failing to achieve sustainable development goals are shifting stakeholders’ focus towards strategic evidence-based and data- driven approaches to environmental, social, and governance (ESG) strategies. This article aims to identify the drivers and barriers to green ESG strategies in Russian regions. Using regression analysis, institutional factors affecting the green index, calculated based on national sustainable development indicators, were identified. The green index proposed by the author includes indicators of water quality, green urbanization, and local climate impact. The results showed that the drivers of effective green ESG strategies are environmental investments, activities of small and medium- sized enterprises in the region, high-quality urbanization, and the development of public transportation infrastructure. Barriers to green performance include regional unemployment and a low level of health capital, reflected through mortality from cardiovascular diseases and cancers. The findings of this study can be used for green monitoring of the effectiveness of regional ESG strategies.
Innovations shaping a greener future: The role of industry in environmental change
Authors: Zotov Maksim
Published: October 2024

The research presented in this paper aims to contribute to the ongoing discussion on the implementation of environmental innovations in the oil and gas production industry, as well as in the production of petroleum products and chemicals. In the modern context, it would be beneficial to consider implementing process and product innovations with the aim of reducing the amount of production waste and polluting emissions into the environment. Enterprises face a challenging objective: to simultaneously reduce their negative impact and increase their competitiveness. One possible avenue for achieving this is through the development and implementation of environmental innovations. The paper considers the main directions and effects of their implementation, with a view to offering constructive suggestions for further consideration. It has been found that oil and gas production is the main contributor to air pollution from stationary sources. It would seem that the most innovatively active enterprises in the field of environmental innovation implementation are those engaged in the production of chemicals and products.
Toolkit for assessing the digital development potential of the energy sector of the economy
Authors: Chernova Olga , Mitrofanova Inna , Kleytman Elena , Chub Margarita
Published: October 2024

Digitalization of the energy sector is important for improving the reliability and safety, productivity, efficiency and sustainability of energy systems. However, the scale and speed of digital transformation are determined not only by the energy companies’ resource capabilities, but as well by the characteristics of the external environment that provide the conditions for digital development. This article is aimed at forming a toolkit for measuring the digital development potential of the energy sector of the economy. The key factors of digital development of the energy sector were identified as a result of bibliometric analysis of publications by means of VOSviewer toolkit. Content analysis and descriptive analysis were also used in the study. Official statistics data characterizing the development of the energy sector in Russia served as the information sources. The developed toolkit made enabled to assess the potential for digital development of the energy sector in terms of the following components characterizing the internal and external environment of the energy sector: energy sector digital maturity, energy sector resource readiness, digital maturity of supply chain participants, and digital development level of the region's / country's economy. The results of approbation revealed the possibilities of using the proposed toolkit to measure the potential for energy sector digital development. The results of the study proved that the prospects for digital transformation in the industry are determined not only by its digital maturity, but also by factors and conditions of the external environment.
Effective protocol for rice phenotyping based on grain quality: Ranking of rice samples from a segregating BC2 population
Authors: Mukhina Zhanna , Yesaulova Liubov , Tumanyan Natalya , Papulova Elina , Garkusha Sergei , Chukhir Nikolay
Published: October 2024

The physical properties of rice backcross samples were studied in connection with the development of an effective breeding methodology for creating rice genotypes based on an accelerated breeding process. The purpose of the research was to study the traits of size, vitreousity, and fracturing of samples of the segregating population of BC2 reseedings from the 2022 and 2023 yield. As part of the program for developing varieties based on the use of modern post-genomic and cellular technologies, BC2 samples were used; as parent forms – samples of the USI “Collection of Federal Scientific Rice Centre” of various groups according to the shape of the grain. The crop was grown in artificial climate chambers under controlled conditions of light and air temperature and on the growing site of Federal Scientific Rice Centre. In the study, white grain samples from the segregating BC2 population were isolated for large-scale genotyping. The cultivation of parental forms for hybridization and the crossing process were carried out in artificial climate chambers. Hybridizations were performed using pneumocastration, which included cutting off the flower scales by 1/3 and then removing the anthers using a vacuum compressor. White grain BC2 samples were isolated for research. Seeds were sown on the growing area in containers with 6 kg of soil and Pryanishnikov’s mixture as the main fertilizer. After ripening, the seeds were manually harvested. Plant phenotyping of experimental populations was carried out basing on grain quality traits using certified equipment in accordance with the instructions for the devices and GOST standards. For 15 combinations, samples with the best characteristics of grain quality were selected. In connection with the indicators of physical grain quality traits, BC2 samples were classified into three groups with indicators for each trait: high, medium, low.
Research Model Analysis of Muscle Power and Measuring Methods
Authors: Sonde Vivek M. , Ghutke Vishal S. , Ashtankar Pravin P. , Warnekar Priyanka N.
Published: October 2024

Momentum is one of the most common sources of power for collecting. This article is important in the development of human power as it is a motivational investigation into the wood chipping process. An effective computational framework was established for the following variables: the power required to accelerate the spinning wheel, arterial pressure rise, and time needed for achieving spinning wheel speed. Five people with different physical characteristics pedaled. The energy production unit and output necessary for every individual are to be evaluated. The method of cycling and engaging the power transmitter can be considered a different subject of inquiry in this study. A separate experimental strategy was devised to measure human energy, and many factors were identified for further investigation for the first time, an effort was made to calculate the amount of human power necessary to operate any machine. The originality of the present study is regarded as of the utmost significance since it is transferable to any mathematical framework developed.
Effect of Filler Wires on Welding Strength and Microstructural Changes of Inconel 718 and AISI 316L Dissimilar Weldments
Authors: Yelamasetti Balram , Sonar Thusar , T Mahender
Published: October 2024

In this research, the effect of fillers wires on weldability, welding strength and structural changes of dissimilar welds of Inconel 718 and AISI 316L are studied. Pulse arc mode in TIG welding with multiple passes were used to join V-groove configuration with 1.6 mm filler diameter. Constant welding parameters were used for both the weldments to study the effect of alloying elements of filler wires. Tensile properties were evaluated by conducting tensile test on universal testing machine as per ASTM E/8 standards. To reveal the structural changes at various zones of weldment, optical microscope was utilized. The dissimilar metals were joined successfully using two-filler wires without any internal defects. The highest tensile strength of 553 MPa was observed in Hastelloy filler weldment when compared with ERNiCrMo-4 filler weldment (530 MPa). Also, the better yield strength properties were observed in Hastelloy filler weldment. Well defined with clear grain boundaries were observed in both the filler weldments. Due to the pulsed arc mode, segregation of alloying elements was reduced.
Effect of Vibration Control Mechanisms on the Vibrational Behavior of Al 6061/SiC Composite Beam
Authors: Chintalapudi Ravikiran , B Sidda Reddy , V Siva Rama Krishna , Moyya Sundeep , Hussain Shaik , Sriram Ujwala
Published: October 2024

A machine in action in a plant mine or other mechanical system is a major source of vibrations that spread from foundation and across the surrounding area. There should be the least amount of vibrations possible. The vibrations must be isolated, absorbed, or dampened in order to do this. This study investigates how an oil damper and various types of vibration isolators affect vibration frequency of a stir cast composite beam made up of 90% Al6061 and 10% SiC to examine the influence of an oil damper well, as single and double absorbers on the vibration frequency of a stir cast composite beam. Investigating the frequencies on the Vibration Fundamental Trainer under fixed-hinged, hinged-hinged, and fixed-free boundary conditions. The experiments were carried out on the constructed composite beam. The results indicate that the absorbers vibration amplitudes decrease, along with the damper and isolators effects. Absorber and isolator frequencies observed were lower, than the frequency. Increased beam holes resulted in decreased stiffness and reduced frequencies. Compared to scenarios the frequencies were higher when the beam had fixed end conditions without holes. When compared to absorbers and isolators, oil dampers have more effectively decreased vibrations.
Analysis of Stress Distribution in a Curved Functionally Graded Porous Beam Using the Unified Shear Deformation Theory
Authors: G Chandra Mohana Reddy , V Siva Rama Krishna , Pappula Bridjesh , CH Murali Krishna
Published: October 2024

Using unified shear deformation theory (USDT) and a modified power law, the current study examines bending properties of two-dimensional functionally graded curved porous beam. In order to improve accuracy, this method incorporates equilibrium equations, potential energy, and the idea of a neutral surface. The analysis uses a boundary conditions, namely simply supported . A functionally graded beam composed of metal and ceramic with both even and unequal porosity is modeled. The formulation takes into account the symmetrical material gradation, which guarantees alignment between the geometrical and physical neutral surfaces. A displacement-based formulation and energy concepts are used, which leads to a more thorough and accurate beam analysis. This approach effectively regulates the constant changing of material characteristics in FGMs, takes into consideration higher-order shear deformation effects, and does away with the requirement for shear correction factors. As a result, it improves structural behavior predictions, which makes USDT very useful for advanced material applications. The equilibrium equations for the beams are derived using the Hamilton technique and solved with the Kuhn-Tucker conditions.
Static Behavioral Studies of a 2D Taper Beam using Finite Elements Comprised of Functionally Graded Materials
Authors: Sunnam Nagaraju , K Naga Suresh , P Nagendra Babu , P Anil Kumar Reddy , JM Babu , N Prabhu Kishore
Published: October 2024

The study examines the thermal and structural properties of beams made of functionally graded materials (FGMs) using the Finite Element Analysis (FEA) method and Reddy’s beam theory. The distribution of material qualities in thickness and length directions is influenced by mechanical and thermal loads. We calculate the stress and deflection of FG beams with a uniform load distribution. Quantitative results demonstrating the effects of multiple factors are provided by the Fusion 360 software. These include the change from alumina (ceramic) to aluminum (metal), boundary conditions, volume fraction distribution, and geometric features.
Kant à l’épreuve de l’inoculation de la petite vérole
Authors: Hervé Marie
Published: October 2024

Au XVIIIe siècle, alors que sévissait encore la la petite vérole, une maladie très meurtrière, l’inoculation de la variole s’est progressivement répandue à travers toute l’Europe. Considérée comme l’ancêtre du vaccin, cette méthode consistait à inoculer du matériau variolique prélevé d’une personne malade à une personne saine afin de prévenir les risques de la variole naturelle circulant parmi la population. Cet article analyse l’étude de cas à laquelle le philosophe Kant a été confronté de son vivant : l’inoculation de la variole est-elle moralement permise ?
Le microbiome humain à l’épreuve de l’anthropocène
Authors: Sansonetti Philippe J. , Doré Joël
Published: October 2024

Si les effets délétères des activités humaines sur la biodiversité du monde végétal et animal et sur le climat sont un fait acquis, leur impact sur la biodiversité microbienne doit être urgemment considéré, particulièrement sur le microbiome humain. La révolution métagénomique permet une large analyse et un suivi spatio-temporels jusqu’à présent inenvisageables. Une réduction de la richesse et de la diversité des microbiotes humains, en particulier intestinaux, est maintenant avérée, surtout dans les aires industrialisées de la planète. Utilisation inconsidérée des antibiotiques, changements drastiques des régimes alimentaires et éléments restant à déterminer de l’exposome environnemental sont le plus souvent incriminés. En découlent des situations de dysbioses caractérisées par une érosion du cœur d’espèces microbiennes communes à tous les individus et une prolifération de pathobiontes opportunistes, sans doute due à un affaiblissement de l’effet de barrière du microbiome. Le défi actuel est d’établir un lien de causalité entre ces dysbioses et des maladies en émergence épidémique, bien que non transmissibles, comme l’asthme, l’allergie, les maladies auto-immunes, l’obésité, le diabète et certains cancers. Modèles expérimentaux et études cliniques contrôlées prospectives et interventionnelles sont indispensables pour consolider cette causalité, d’autant que dans le déchiffrage des altérations de la symbiose homme-microbiome se profile un nouveau chapitre de la médecine : la « médecine microbienne »
Therapeutic effect of intramedullary reaming and nailing for long bones lengthening in children with Ollier disease and Maffucci syndrome on enchondromas: multicentric retrospective case series
Authors: Bonneau Soline , Georges Samuel , Fraisse Bernard , Haumont Edouard , Lefèvre Yan , Bremond Nicolas , Pejin Zagorka , Violas Philippe
Published: October 2024

Introduction: Leg length discrepancy (LLD) and malalignment of long bones are frequent orthopedic problems encountered in Maffucci syndrome and Ollier disease (OD). Orthopedic surgeons used historically external fixators to address the deformities. In this multicentric case series, we propose the use of motorized intramedullary nails. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed for 9 years, in four different centers, patients with OD and Maffucci’s syndrome that had lengthening nails for LLD with or without associated deformities. The minimum follow-up period was 24 months. We reported complications, clinical tolerance of lengthening, lengthening rate and target, bone healing index, and EQ-5D-Y functional and visual analog scores (VAS). We also saw on X-rays the whole lengthened bone and its regenerate zone to assess the evolution of the enchondromas. Results: we used the nailing technique in 8 femurs and 2 tibias in 8 patients (mean age: 13.3 years, range: 11–16, mean follow-up time: 53.8 months, range: 26–108). The mean correction amount was 6.44 cm for the femur over 76.8 days and 3.75 cm over 44 days for the tibia with a mean VAS score of 6.63/15 and mean EQ-5D-Y of 81/100. The lengthening goal was achieved in all patients. No mechanical complications were noted. The medullary canal of the operated bones showed improvement and healing in 8 out of 10 segments. Discussion: Besides achieving the goals of surgery with good functional outcomes, lengthening nails has a therapeutic effect on enchondromas with fewer complications than traditional correction methods.
Virtual sports interactive system design integrating ghost net network and improved YOLOv5 algorithm
Authors: Li Yan
Published: October 2024

With the development of virtual reality, the human–computer interaction through virtual sports is gradually maturing, and users are gradually looking to interact with the two-dimensional world. The research on this type of algorithm has gained attention. However, due to the delay of the old transmission technology in the transmission of pictures, which is higher than the reaction time of human brain, the pictures are inconsistent and illogical, and the user interaction experience is poor. To solve it, this research realizes the fusion of ghost network and You Only Look Once version 5, and the simulation experiment is carried out on the data set. Firstly, the convolution block attention module is inserted into the You Only Look Once version 5 algorithm to optimize its way of calculating Hadamard product. Then, the improved algorithm and the ghost network generation fusion algorithm are combined through the direct channel. Then the algorithm is combined with the virtual sports interactive system to upgrade its key point rearrangement mode. Finally, the performance of the system is characterized on Javelin dataset, and the stability is compared with the other three algorithms. The average score of the six experiments of the system is 9.5, and the average scores of You Only Look Once version 5, ghost network and particle swarm optimization algorithm are 9.42, 9.28 and 9.36, respectively. Results show that this model has excellent performance in adjusting data volatility, and is extensive in virtual sports interaction, which can effectively improve the user experience.
Iterative Development of a Clinical Decision Support Tool to Enhance Naloxone Co-Prescribing
Authors: Wu Richard , Foster Emily , Zhang Qiyao , Eynatian Tim , Mishuris Rebecca Grochow , Cordella Nicholas
Published: October 2024

Background
Opioid overdoses have contributed significantly to mortality in the United States. Despite long-standing recommendations from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention to co-prescribe naloxone for patients receiving opioids who are at high risk of overdose, compliance with these guidelines has remained low.

Objectives
The objective of this study was to develop and evaluate a hospital-wide electronic health record (EHR)-based clinical decision support (CDS) tool designed to promote naloxone co-prescription for high-risk opioids.

Methods
We employed an iterative approach to develop a point-of-order, interruptive EHR alert as the primary intervention and assessed naloxone prescription rates, EHR efficiency metrics, and barriers to adoption. Data was obtained from our EHR’s clinical data warehouse and analyzed using statistical process control and Chi-square analyses to assess statistically significant differences in prescribing rates during the intervention periods.

Results
The initial implementation phase of the intervention, spanning from April 2019 to May 2022, yielded a nearly 3-fold increase in the proportion of high-risk patients receiving naloxone, rising from 13.4% [95% CI, 12.9% - 13.8%] to 36.4% [95% CI, 35.2% - 37.5%; p = 1 x 10-38]. Enhancements to the CDS design and logic during the subsequent iteration's study period, June 2022 and December 2023, reduced the number of CDS triggers by more than 30-fold while simultaneously driving an additional increase in naloxone receipt to 42.7% [95% CI, 40.6% - 44.8%; p = 2 x 10-5]. The efficiency of the CDS demonstrated marked improvement, with prescribers accepting the naloxone co-prescription recommendation provided by the CDS in 41.1% of the encounters in version two, compared to 6.2% in version one (p = 6 x 10-9).

Conclusion
This study offers a sustainable and scalable model to address low rates of naloxone co-prescription and may also be used to target other opportunities for improving guideline-concordant prescribing practices.
Audiological Characterization of Individuals with Cornelia de Lange Syndrome
Authors: Santos Nayara Pereira , Silva Liliane Aparecida Fagundes , Neves-Lobo Ivone Ferreira , Kim Chong Ae , Matas Carla Gentile
Published: October 2024

Introduction Cornelia de Lange Syndrome (CdLS) is a genetic disorder in which individuals may present sensorineural and/or conductive hearing loss, and the results of behavioral auditory assessments are not accurate.

Objective To characterize the audiological profile of individuals with CdLS through behavioral, electroacoustic, and electrophysiological audiological assessments.

Methods The study included 13 individuals of both sexes, aged between 3 and 26 years, with diagnoses confirmed through genetic studies. The following procedures were performed: medical history survey, otoscopy (pure-tone audiometry [PTA], speech audiometry, and acoustic immittance measures), and auditory brainstem response (ABR).

Results In total 62.50% of the participants who underwent PTA had abnormal results (all of which were mild), with a predominance of bilateral conductive hearing loss (60%). Regarding tympanometry, 76.93% had abnormal results, most frequently type B (85.72% on the right and 88.89% on the left ear). Acoustic reflexes showed results compatible with tympanometry changes. Changes in ABR latency values compatible with middle-ear impairment were found in 8 of them (66.66%) – 3 had bilateral (37.50%), and 5 had unilateral impairments (62.50%).

Conclusion Mild hearing loss was identified in 62.5% of the individuals with CdLS who underwent the behavioral audiological assessment. In the acoustic immittance measures, 76.9% of the participants presented a tympanometry curve characteristic of middle-ear changes. Acoustic reflexes were absent in 84.6% of the subjects. In the ABR, no changes were identified in auditory pathway integrity. On the other hand, changes in the absolute latency values were found, which are characteristic of conductive hearing loss.
Rare Combination of Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia 1 with Medullary Thyroid Carcinoma and Clinical Value of 68Ga-DOTATATE PET/CT in Diagnosing Different Lesions and Exploring Theranostic Strategy
Authors: Baberwal Parth , Parghane Rahul V. , Basu Sandip
Published: October 2024

Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (MEN1) syndrome is characterized by the presence of hyperplastic or neoplastic tumors in the parathyroid, pituitary, and gastroenteropancreatic endocrine tissues. The presence of lesions in at least two out of the three glands (pituitary, parathyroid, and pancreas) is indicative of MEN1 syndrome. Medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) is a type of tumor that originates from the parafollicular C cells of the thyroid gland. It is frequently found as part of MEN2 syndrome. MEN1 with MTC is a relatively uncommon occurrence. We report a rare case of MTC that later on developed parathyroid carcinoma, pituitary microadenoma, pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor (NET), and duodenal NET. The case was identified as part of MEN1 syndrome using exome sequencing and somatostatin receptor–based functional imaging 68Ga-DOTATATE positron emission tomography/computed tomography was employed for exploring theranostic strategy in the management of the patient.
Progressive Unilateral Proptosis and [18F]FDG-Avid Lesions Connoting Aggressive Disease in Radioiodine-Refractory Differentiated Thyroid Carcinoma
Authors: Edamadaka Yeshwanth , Parghane Rahul V. , Basu Sandip
Published: October 2024

Radioiodine-refractory differentiated thyroid carcinoma (RAIR-DTC) have poor prognosis as compared with radioiodine concentrating thyroid carcinoma. We present a case of follicular thyroid carcinoma presenting as a disseminated disease initially, underwent thyroid surgery and radioiodine (RAI) therapy. Following RAI, the patient developed a sudden-onset unilateral proptosis, finally diagnosed as orbital metastasis. [18F]-Fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG)-positron emission tomography-computed tomography identified FDG-avid metastatic lesions more numerous than the RAI-avid lesions. The patient was treated with local and systemic targeted therapy, but despite these treatments, he developed progressive disease indicating aggressive nature of the disease consistent with [18F]FDG-avid RAIR-DTC.
The effects of pre-existing dislocations on the mechanical properties of iron
Authors: Ding Zhigang , Liu Qihang , Kan Jincheng , Sun Yincan
Published: October 2024

In atomistic simulations, pre-existing dislocations have been reported to reduce the yield stress compared to the ideal crystals. However, the underlying physics behind yield stress reduction is still unrevealed, which hammers the design of advanced materials. Here, large-scale molecular dynamics simulations are carried out to investigate the influence of pre-existing dislocations on the mechanical properties of body-centered cubic Fe crystals with dislocation, twinning, and phase transformation-dominated deformation mechanisms. The results suggest that the overestimated yield stress of all the crystals is significantly reduced by increasing dislocation numbers and obtaining closer flow stress on the uniform plastic deformation stage. This reduction in yield stress can be attributed to the lower thermo-dynamical driving force required to activate existing dislocations in pre-existing dislocation crystals than that to nucleating new dislocations in ideal crystals. Furthermore, pre-existing dislocations inhibited the phase transformation-dominated deformation process, but the twinning/dislocation-dominated deformation process still exhibited its original deformation mechanism.
Immersed boundary method for dynamic simulation of polarizable colloids of arbitrary shape in explicit ion electrolytes
Authors: Krucker-Velasquez Emily , Swan James W. , Sherman Zachary
Published: October 2024

We develop a computational method for modeling electrostatic interactions of arbitrarily shaped, polarizable objects on colloidal length scales, including colloids/nanoparticles, polymers, and surfactants, dispersed in explicit ion electrolytes and nonionic solvents. Our method computes the nonuniform polarization charge distribution induced in a colloidal particle by both externally applied electric fields and local electric fields arising from other charged objects in the dispersion. This leads to expressions for electrostatic energies, forces, and torques that enable efficient molecular dynamics and Brownian dynamics simulations of colloidal dispersions in electrolytes, which can be harnessed to accurately predict structural and transport properties. We describe an implementation in which colloidal particles are modeled as rigid composites of small spherical beads that tessellate the surface of the particle. The electrostatics calculations are accelerated using a spectrally accurate particle-mesh-Ewald technique implemented on a graphics processing unit and regularized such that the electrostatic calculations are well-defined even for overlapping bodies. We illustrate the effectiveness of this approach with a comprehensive set of calculations: the induced dipole moments and forces for individual, paired, and lattice configurations of spherical colloids in an electric field; the induced dipole moment and torque for anisotropic particles subjected to an electric field; the equilibrium ion distribution in the double layer surrounding charged colloids; the dynamics of charged colloids; and the behavior of ions in the double layer of a polarizable colloid under the influence of an electric field.