bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
¿Muerte o descentramiento del sujeto en Michel Foucault?
Authors: Sanchez Antonio Juan Carlos
Published: July 2018

El presente artículo busca analizar la complejidad de la categoría del sujeto en la obra de Michel Foucault. Para ello, argumentaremos,  en un primer momento, que la “muerte del hombre”, anunciada en Les mots et les choses (1966), no implica una “cancelación del sujeto” en el periodo arquelógico y genealógico, como argumentan Jürguen Habermas  y Axel Honneth, y poco despues, un “retorno del sujeto” en L ́usage des plaisirs y Le souci de soi (1984). Esta lectura convencionalmente aceptada, será cuestionada, con el  concepto de “sujeto decentrado”, el  cual  nos permitirá  superar  la errónea división hermenéutica que hay entre la “muerte del sujeto” y posteriormente su  “retorno”.
ANALISIS MOTIVASI BELAJAR SISWA DALAM PEMBELAJARAN FISIKA SEKOLAH MENENGAH ATAS
Authors: Sari Nurmalita , Sunarno Widha , Sarwanto Sarwanto
Published: July 2018

The objectives of this research are to 1) find out the profile of studentâ€™s learning motivation in Physics class measured by aspects such as Attention, Relevation, Confidence, and Satisfaction; and 2) measure the percentage of each learning motivation aspect such as Attention, Relevation, Confidence, and Satisfaction contributed to studentsâ€™ learning motivation in Physics class. The sample of this research is 90 students from XI class of Science Program. The data was collected through questionnaire and observation. The questionnaire was analyzed using descriptive quantitatively while the observation sheet was analyzed qualitatively. The results show that: 1) the studentâ€™s learning motivation can be categorized into high, average, and low; and 2) the percentage of each learning motivation aspects are Attention (59,86%), Relevance (57,08%), Confidence (55,28%), and Satisfaction (60,14%). To conclude, the average level of studentsâ€™ learning motivation for Physics is in the medium and low category caused by the lack of studentsâ€™ interest in learning Physics.Â AbstrakTujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk 1) mengetahui profil motivasi belajar siswa ketika mengikuti pembelajaran Fisika di kelas yang diukur berdasarkan aspek perhatian (Attention), relevansi (Relevance), percaya diri (Confidence), dan kepuasan (Satisfaction); 2) mengetahui persentase sumbangan dari tiap aspek motivasi belajar yang terdiri dari perhatian (Attention), relevansi (Relevance), percaya diri (Confidence), dan kepuasan (Satisfaction) dalam menentukan tingkat motivasi belajar siswa ketika mengikuti pembelajaran Fisika di kelas. Penelitian dilaksanakan di SMA Negeri 2 Surakarta, SMA Negeri 5 Surakarta, dan SMA Negeri 6 Surakarta. Sampel penelitian sebanyak 90 siswa kelas XI MIPA. Pengumpulan data menggunakan teknik angket dan observasi. Teknik analisis angket adalah deskriptif kuantitatif, sedangkan lembar observasi dianalisis secara kualitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa: 1) motivasi belajar siswa untuk mata pelajaran Fisika dikategorikan tinggi, sedang, dan rendah; 2) persentase tiap aspek motivasi belajar adalah (a) aspek perhatian (Attention) sebesar 59,86%, b) aspek relevansi (Relevance) sebesar 57,08%, c) aspek percaya diri (Confidence) sebesar 55,28%, d) aspek kepuasan (Satisfaction) sebesar 60,14%. Kesimpulan, rata-rata tingkat motivasi belajar siswa untuk mata pelajaran Fisika berada dalam kategori sedang dan rendah yang disebabkan kurangnya ketertarikan siswa untuk belajar Fisika.
PENGARUH MISI, KURIKULUM, DAN KEPEMIMPINAN DI PERGURUAN TINGGI TERHADAP PERILAKU ANTI-RADIKALISME MAHASISWA
Authors: Chalim Saifuddin
Published: July 2018

The spread-out of radicalism and terrorism needs to be overcome in the very early stage at home, school, university, and community. For that, education institutions should build anti-radicalism attitude for its students through an integrated values of character building. This study aims to analyze the impact of universityâ€™s mission, curriculum, and leadership towards studentâ€™s attitude of anti-radicalism.The study is undertaken with a quantitative approach by using a multiple regression analysis, in universities implementing ahlusunnah wal jamaâ€™ah principles, nationalism, and insight of nationality. The study found that factors such as leadership, curriculum, and mission significantly have positive impact and big contribution toward studentâ€™s anti-radicalism attitude .Â AbstrakBerkembangnya paham radikalisme dan terorisme perlu dicegah sejak dini di lingkungan keluarga, sekolah/perguruan tinggi, dan lingkungan masyarakat. Menyikapi hal ini, lembaga pendidikan perlu membangun sikap anti-radikalisme para peserta didik melalui pengintegrasian nilai-nilai pendidikan karakter. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh dari misi, kurikulum, dan kepemimpinan perguruan tinggi terhadap perilaku antiradikalisme mahasiswa. Penelitian menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif, dengan analisis regresi berganda, yaitu pada perguruan-perguruan tinggi yang mengamalkan faham ahlusunnah wal jamaâ€™ah, nasionalisme, dan berwawasan kebangsaan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa faktor-faktor seperti kepemimpinan, kurikulum, dan misi perguruan tinggi berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap perilaku anti-radikalisme mahasiswa.Â Â
HERMENETIK SEBAGAI DISKURSUS DALAM ARSITEKTUR
Authors: Purwantiasning Ari Widyati
Published: July 2018

ABSTRAK.  Dalam sebuah penelitian, dikenal secara umum dua buah metode, yaitu metode kuantitatif dan metode kualitatif. Pada implementasinya, penelitian arsitektur lebih menitikberatkan dengan menggunakan metode kualitatif karena fokus pada obyek penelitiannya lebih kepada penafsiran dan opini akan obyek tersebut. Subyektifitas sangat dirasakan lebih tinggi daripada tingkat obyektifitas pada sebuah penelitian kualitatif, namun tidak menutup kemungkinan bahwa obyektifitas dalam sebuah penelitian kualitatif juga dapat dicapai dengan dasar teori yang cukup kuat sebagai pendukungnya. Tulisan ini merupakan sebuah ulasan mengenai bagaimana ilmu hermenetik atau penafsiran dapat digunakan dalam sebuah penelitian arsitektur. Berbagai teori mengenai hermenetik dituangkan dalam tulisan ini sebagai sebuah diskursus. Tulisan ini juga merupakan bagian dari penelitian yang sedang dilakukan oleh penulis untuk mendukung metode penelitian yang akan dipilih dalam penelitian bidang arsitektur. Tulisan ini juga akan menjawab bagaimana hermenetik dapat digunakan dalam sebuah penelitian arsitektur. Dengan memaparkan ilmu hermenetik dalam tulisan ini, maka dapat diambil sebuah pelajaran tentang bagaimana langkah-langkah serta tahapan dalam menerapkan hermenetik pada penelitian arsitektur.  Kata Kunci: hermenetik, penelitian, arsitektur ABSTRACT. Generally, there is two methods of research, quantitative and qualitative method. In the implementation of the architectural study, a qualitative approach has been used frequently and familiarly, because in architectural research usually focused on interpreting and giving an opinion of something, in this case, an object of the study. And for the result, the subjectivity of architectural research is high compared with the objectivity, but it is not possible to have an objective result in architectural research.  This article is a review of how the extent to which hermeneutic could be used in architectural research, and how the extent to which hermeneutic has a role in architectural discourse. Some theories of hermeneutic will be discussed in this paper as a discourse. This paper is also a part of research that still ongoing to support the method of the study that will be conducted by the researcher in architectural research. By describing this hermeneutic method in this paper, the researcher could underline the lesson about how are the steps and processes in the application of hermeneutic in architectural research.  Keywords: hermeneutics, research, architecture
Institutionalizing (cross-border) citizenship on subnational level – The European Grouping of Territorial Cooperation (EGTC) as new administrative space for participatory and functional governance in Europe
Authors: Ulrich Peter
Published: July 2018

Cross-border, transnational and interregional cooperation of subnational entities within the European Union have been strengthened politically, legally and financially by the EU and the Council of Europe. Nearly every border region in the EU participates in some form of cooperation structure across borders – mainly due to financial support by the EU joint initiative INTERREG. In general, these Europeanization effects of regional administrative integration have been described by scholars using neofunctionalist (multilevel governance) and intergovernmentalist approaches highlighting the cooperation rationale of cross-border actors.The aim of the research project is to go a step ahead following a conceptual shift towards a normative - participatory approach of (cross-border) regional integration. On the basis of the EU legal instrument European Grouping of territorial cooperation (EGTC), processes of re-scaling, re-territorialization and paradiplomacy in a “Europe of the territories” will be analyzed with regard to inclusiveness and modes of subnational participatory governance.In general, policy-making and strategic development of the EU regional policy, particularly the European Territorial Cooperation (ETC) are products of a successive bargaining and functional technocratic regulation between the administrative elites within the EU multilevel (supranational, national, subnational) polity excluding the local community. The aim of the research project is thus to elaborate forms and channels of transborder participatory governance in EU transnational spaces and to examine pre-conditions for the establishment of an increased inclusion of a cross-border citizenship. Moreover, it focuses on the problems and obstacles of the institutionalization of deliberative and participatory mechanisms of a subnational citizenship in a postnational multilevel arena.  Finally, the research - that is based on a case study of the EGTC Galicia-Norte de Portugal - analyzes to what extent the EGTC foster both the consolidation of cross-border cooperation and institutionalization of transnational participation on a subnational level.
Francophone Minority Identities and Language Rights in Canada
Authors: Ponting Mike
Published: July 2018

While phrases such as ‘Capitaine Crounche’ and ‘beurre d’arachide’ are familiar to, and easily taken for granted by, most English Canadians, who tend to encounter linguistic duality in their daily lives in a number of ways, the politics underlying such seemingly harmless words are significant. Indeed, no other issue has played as central a role in Canadian social and political development as has language, with French-English linguistic tensions and considerations affecting numerous aspects of Canadian life, including foreign policy, the awarding of government contracts and indeed, the labelling of food packaging. While much public and scholarly attention has been paid to the language issue and the francophone population of Québec, less has been paid to language and francophones outside of the main concentration of Canada’s French speakers. While geographically dispersed, and vastly outnumbered, Canada’s francophone minority communities and their identities are nevertheless an important part of the Canadian social fabric, as is evidenced by the amount of government attention these French Canadians1 receive. Two key developments in the collective identity of francophone minoritiesoccurred in 1969 and 1982, when the Official Languages Act (OLA), and the Canadian Charterof Rights and Freedoms were (respectively) promulgated, the latter including constitutionally entrenched language rights for official language minorities. In this essay, we will examine the vitality of francophone minority communities, and how language rights have impacted them and contributed to the maintenance of their identity. Specifically, we will argue that minority francophone communities are still strong and that language rights have reinforced these communities and their identities, and have made an important contribution to their survival and long-term vitality. It is hoped that gaining a more complete understanding of the impact of language rights on these groups will not only provide a fuller understanding of French Canadian identity, but also of identity in Canadian society in general.
The General Agreement on Trade in Services and Canadian Federalism How Inter-Governmental Relations Exacerbate the Threat to Public Education
Authors: Keefe Jennifer
Published: July 2018

The General Agreement on Trade in Services (GATS) has been commonly acknowledged to have the potential to negatively affect the provision of public education. However, there has been an absence of literature analyzing the way in which Canadian federalism and the division of powers coupled with the GATS could serve to exacerbate the threat to public education at the primary and secondary school level. This paper begins by outlining the GATS provisions of non-discrimination, domestic regulation, and market access, and subsequently shows how the introduction of these provisions, should governments ‘opt-in’ on education, could serve to threaten public education, which has been identified by the United Nations as a basic human right. The final sections of this paper examine how the threat to public education posed by the GATS is exacerbated by intergovernmental relations, particularly regarding the consultative mechanism by which provinces’ policy preferences are conveyed during the negotiation of international trade agreements. While this mechanism allows provinces to apply GATS provisions to education to different extents, it can also serve to increase the pressure on governments to liberalize education by encouraging competition between provinces for revenue from private educational institutions.
OUTLOOKS FOR THE LEGAL FRAMING OF PARADIPLOMACY: THE CASE OF BRAZIL
Authors: Andrade e Barros Marinana
Published: July 2018

The last decades have seen a deepening of paradiplomacy which is an especially important phenomenon for the federal states. This development became a source of change in the constitutions of federal states in order to trace prospects and limits for such process. Brazil is part of the group of states where non-central governments reaching beyond the national borders have occurred without a legal framework specific to the issue. In a federal state known for its centralization like Brazil such discussion can be harsh but its relevance to local and regional development and to the balance of the federative pact turns is necessary.
FINANCING LOCAL GOVERNMENT IN UKRAINE
Authors: Sydorovych Mariia
Published: July 2018

This paper provides the comparison of the Ukrainian system ofintergovernmental relations and international experience of developed and developing countries in the context of revenue sharing within current decentralisation trends. The paper analyses the role of income taxes (and personal income tax in particular) within the economic and legal framework and emphasises their importance in funding needs of local governments. Statistic and comparative analyses are employed for this aim. A set of directions for further reform is proposed, aiming at providing local governments with tools and levers to generate sufficient financial resources for efficient provision of essential local services.
I Really Wasn’t Ready: Expectations and Dilemmas of a University Student in an Access Access Program
Authors: James Carl
Published: July 2018

Using a life story approach, I discuss the experiences and actions of Ewart, one of eighteen university recruits into an access program, to understand the ways in which the university, and the access program specifically, was accommodative of his needs, interests, expectations and aspirations. Critical Race Theory provided the framework to understand how educational institutions’ liberal notions of merit, equality of opportunity and democracy, on one hand, made access to university possible for Ewart, and on the other, circumscribed his opportunities, possibilities and interests even as he tried to maintain his hopeful optimism.
Whiteness in the Qualitative Research Setting: Critical Skepticism, Radical Reflexivity and Anti-racist Feminism
Authors: Deliovsky Katerina
Published: July 2018

This essay critically reflects on challenges and dilemmas I encountered when interviewing white women about their experiences with gender, racialization, and practices of whiteness. These challenges and dilemmas in the research setting relate to the researcher-participant relationship and, in particular, participants’ use of 1) a “rhetorical ethic,” in which their social justice narratives were contradicted by demonstrations of their own racist ideologies; and 2) how whiteness and femininity were sites of power and resources for “social desirability bias” and impression management in response to my positionality as a white woman with a Black spouse and two racially mixed children. Additionally, this essay grapples with the emotionally difficult journey of being a researcher with the feminist commitment of “giving voice” to women by developing a bond of mutual trust, while at the same time feeling compelled to conceal oneself in search of “honest” responses from the research participants. This reflection illuminates how a/symmetries of power between researcher and the researched are inscribed with race and gender dynamics that are not always discernible, yet have a tremendous influence on data gathering. These dynamics require recognizing the agency of the research participants to shape what are considered and interpreted as data. These dynamics also require treating the data with “critical skepticism” and subjecting the participants’ responses to a “radical reflexivity” rooted in understanding how the larger social, political and historical “facts of whiteness” inform the microcosm of the researcher-participant relationship.
Mandatory Criminal Record Checks in Sweden: Scandals and Function Creep
Authors: Backman Christel
Published: July 2018

Over the last decade, more and more Swedish employers have become obliged to check jobseekers’ criminal records beforemaking their hiring decisions. The use of criminal records for mandatory checks of job candidates and staff outside areasinvolving national security represents an entirely novel use of the criminal record database, marking a significant breach withprevious regulations regarding the database and creating a new potential for its utilization for surveillance purposes. Parallel tothis development, the number of enforced subject access requests in the country has increased dramatically. In this article, Iexamine this ongoing function creep of the Swedish criminal record database and its direction and limits, based on the moralpositions taken by the country’s government in connection with the new legislation enabling the creep. Newspaper articlescovering and commenting on two paedophile scandals that shook the country in the recent past are analysed to capture conflictingvalues around the idea of a closer vetting of childcare workers, so as to better understand the moral positions adopted. Theongoing function creep is studied in light of the ‘sociology of scandals’ to better understand what made it possible, and brokeninto its constituent elements to see what it meant in practice, what the forces were that drove it further, and how far it hasprogressed.
Covert: the artist as voyeur
Authors: McKay Carolyn Louise
Published: July 2018

An engagement with the aesthetics, rhetorics and methodologies of surveillance presents a canvas on which visual artists can critique, subvert or just play with emergent technologies. This paper probes artistic methodologies that implicate surveillance and the ethical tensions of appropriating the surveilled lives of strangers for creative pursuits. The ethically challenging practices of several contemporary artists are discussed including Sophie Calle, and the author reflects upon her own body of work. The role of the artist, the nature of the gaze, privacy versus artistic expression, surveillance as an art platform and the eternal tensions between objectivity and subjectivity of using a mechanical device/prosthetic eye are explored.The photos accompanying the article can be seen on the Surveillance & Society photostream at: http://www.flickr.com/photos/surveillance_and_society/sets/72157638275795465/
Monitoring the Unvisible: Seeing and Unseeing in China Mievelle's The City & The City
Authors: Marks Peter
Published: July 2018

Visibility is central to surveillance, but the term is both complex and ambiguous. This article seeks to  add to that complexity and prdocutively investigate the ambiguity by putting forward the concept of the 'unvisible' represented in China Mieviile's recent dystopian novel, The City & The City. Mieville's fiction depicts a world in which characters live in two cities that occupy the same space--are, in the novel's terms, 'topolgangers'. In order to maintain this curious situation, people from one city are required to unsee those from the other, to make them unvisible.  Failure to do so incures punishment from a surveillance force. These and other inventive notions challenge what constitutes visibility.  Briefly addressing ideas on visibility by surveillance theorists, the article argues that The City & The City usefully tests out those ideas. Gary T. Marx has written about the potential 'gradations' between the visible and the invisible. Through a detalied reading of the novel, the article argues for the potential value of the 'unvisible' in those gradations.
Justicia’s Gaze: Surveillance, Evidence and the Criminal Trial
Authors: Edmond Gary , San Roque Mehera
Published: July 2018

This paper considers the use of the products of surveillance, primarily images, as evidence within the criminal trial. These products, whether static images, video or voice recordings, are increasingly being mediated for the fact-finder via ‘experts’, proffering an opinion about the meaning of some surveillance image, artefact or trace. Common law courts, including those in Australia, the UK, Canada, and the US, have been surprisingly accommodating towards such evidence—allowing incriminating opinions to be presented by witnesses with questionable or unsubstantiated, ‘expertise’. Institutional and judicial responses tend to be inattentive to the reliability of such evidence, and display a misplaced faith in the capacity of traditional trial safeguards to expose and manage the weaknesses inherent in this type of evidence. In looking at the ways in which courts use CCTV images, voice recordings and other traces generated by surveillant assemblages, this paper offers a legal site for consideration that has not featured as prominently in recent surveillance literature. It suggests that the preoccupations generated by the ubiquitous nature of everyday surveillance do not always map cleanly onto the use of surveillance artefacts (e.g. images and other traces) in the criminal justice system. At the same time this paper explores how ideas and concepts familiar to the analysis of surveillance techniques, cultures, imaginaries and practices might inform our understanding of the criminal trial and its related processes. Fundamentally concerned with the value of such evidence, this paper argues that, given the premium placed upon accuracy and fairness within the criminal trial, the state should be able to guarantee the basic trustworthiness of the opinions before interpretations derived from surveillance assemblages are admitted to assist with proof of identity and guilt.
The Surveillance of Racing Cyclists in Training: A Bourdieusian Perspective
Authors: Rees Anthony , Gibbons Tom , Dixon Kevin
Published: July 2018

Research into the complexities of social identity construction and maintenance within racing cycling cultures has been neglected in sport sociology and studies of cycling group interactions are lacking. In this paper, preliminary findings from an on-going ethnographic research study on understanding the social world of a group (n= 73) of male racing cyclists aged between 17 and 56 years in the north east of England are discussed primarily through the application of theoretical concepts from the twentieth century sociologist Pierre Bourdieu, including: habitus, field, capital, and symbolic violence. Extracts from field notes and photographs from group training rides are used to reveal how social order is governed via various forms of lateral social surveillance. Social order occurs through a commitment to the shared values of the training group under study, and through acceptance of initiatory rituals where newcomers are tested through acts of what Bourdieu terms symbolic violence. These preliminary findings suggest that whilst the exclusiveness of this sub-cultural field provides much of the attraction to established group members, it may also represent a barrier to participation for newcomers and a better understanding may inform debates related to building broader, more inclusive cycling cultures.
Neurodata and Neuroprivacy: Data Protection Outdated?
Authors: Hallinan Dara , Schütz Philip , Friedewald Michael , De Hert Paul
Published: July 2018

There are a number of novel technologies and a broad range of research aimed at the collection and use of data drawn directly from the human brain. Given that this data – neurodata – is data collected from individuals, one area of law which will be of relevance is data protection. The thesis of this paper is that neurodata is a unique form of data and that this will raise questions for the application of data protection law. Issues may arise on two levels. On a legal technical level, it is uncertain whether the definitions and mechanisms used in the data protection framework can be easily applied to neurodata. On a more fundamental level, there may be interests in neurodata, particularly those related to the protection of the mind, the framework was not designed to represent and may be insufficiently equipped, or constructed, to deal with.
Datafication, dataism and dataveillance: Big Data between scientific paradigm and ideology
Authors: Van Dijck Jose
Published: July 2018

Metadata and data have become a regular currency for citizens to pay for their communication services and security—a trade-off that has nestled into the comfort zone of most people. This article deconstructs the ideological grounds of datafication. Datafication is rooted in problematic ontological and epistemological claims. As part of a larger social media logic, it shows characteristics of a widespread secular belief. Dataism, as this conviction is called, is so successful because masses of people — naively or unwittingly — trust their personal information to corporate platforms. The notion of trust becomes more problematic because people’s faith is extended to other public institutions (e.g. academic research and law enforcement) that handle their (meta)data. The interlocking of government, business, and academia in the adaptation of this ideology makes us want to look more critically at the entire ecosystem of connective media.
Surveillance Chess
Authors: Bitnik !Mediengruppe
Published: July 2018

Surveillance Chess Hijacking CCTV Cameras in London London. On the brink of the Olympic Games. Equipped with an interfering transmitter the authors hack surveillance cameras in London and assume control. They replaces the real-time surveillance images with an invitation to play a game of chess. The security staff's surveillance monitor located in the control room becomes a game console. The six minute video shows the intervention from the point of view of the CCTV operator.http://vimeo.com/46236909
Surveillant Assemblages of Governance in Massively Multiplayer Online Games: A Comparative Analysis
Authors: Kerr Aphra , De Paoli Stefano , Keatinge Max
Published: July 2018

This paper explores governance in Massively Multiplayer Online Games (MMOGs), one sub-sector of the digital games industry. Informed by media governance studies, Surveillance Studies, and game studies, this paper identifies five elements which form part of the system of governance in MMOGs. These elements are: game code and rules; game policies; company community management practices; player participatory practices; and paratexts. Together these governance elements function as a surveillant assemblage, which relies to varying degrees on lateral and hierarchical forms of surveillance, and the assembly of human and non-human elements. Using qualitative mixed methods we examine and compare how these elements operate in three commercial MMOGs: Eve Online, World of Warcraft and Tibia. While peer and participatory surveillance elements are important, we identified two major trends in the governance of disruptive behaviours by the game companies in our case studies. Firstly, an increasing reliance on automated forms of dataveillance to control and punish game players, and secondly, increasing recourse to contract law and diminishing user privacy rights. Game players found it difficult to appeal the changing terms and conditions and they turned to creating paratexts outside of the game in an attempt to negotiate the boundaries of the surveillant assemblage. In the wider context of self-regulated governance systems these trends highlight the relevance of consumer rights, privacy, and data protection legislation to online games and the usefulness of bringing game studies and Surveillance Studies into dialogue.
'I had no credit to ring you back': Children’s strategies of negotiation and resistance to parental surveillance via mobile phones
Authors: Barron Carol Margaret
Published: July 2018

The monitoring of children in time and space, from a distance via the mobile phones, is a phenomenon never experienced in previous generations. Indeed, as frequently recited, the increased protection of children by monitoring them is a central characteristic of modern childhood (Rasmussen, 2003; Qvortrup, 1993) and the effects of this are not yet know. Equally our understanding of how children in middle childhood (8 – 12 years) negotiate and or resist this monitoring is unclear. This paper seeks to add to the emerging body of knowledge on the strategies employed by children in middle childhood to negotiate and resist the monitoring and surveillance of their physical selves in time and space using mobile phones. I suggest that the mobile phone can be transformed by children into a highly efficient device to enable them to both negotiate and resist surveillance thus increasing their autonomy and independent mobility. Children are not passive recipients of parental surveillance and power, rather they are increasingly playing an active role in negotiation with parents and actively resist monitoring of their everyday lives to both make meaning anew and produce culture.
Reporting From the Snooping Trenches: Changes in Attitudes and Perceptions Towards Behavior Tracking in Digital Games
Authors: Canossa Alessandro
Published: July 2018

There is an undeniable growing trend among players towards unconditional acceptance of behavior tracking in digital gamesThis trend has muted one of the two interlocutors necessary for a transcendent Hegelian dialectic that finds a viable synthesis between a corporate thesis that attempts to gather more and more data aimed at maximizing profit, and an antithesis that seeks individual players’ interests and resists privacy-infringing practices.Both as researchers and as professionals utilizing behavioral tracking, we believe it is essential to establish a dialectic relation with the users that we monitor and collaborate with. An ethical synthesis can be found only through a negotiation of interests and methods between polarized corporate and personal desires.
Security Traps and Discourses of Radicalization: Examining Surveillance Practices Targeting Muslims in Canada
Authors: Monaghan Jeffrey
Published: July 2018

Security agencies in Canada have become increasingly anxious regarding the threat of domestic radicalization. Defined loosely as “the process of moving from moderate beliefs to extremist belief,” inter-agency security practices aim to categorize and surveil populations deemed at-risk of radicalization in Canada, particularly young Muslims. To detail surveillance efforts against domestic radicalization, this article uses the Access to Information Act (ATIA) to detail the work of Canada’s inter-agency Combating Violent Extremism Working Group (CVEWG). As a network of security governance actors across Canada, the CVEWG is comprised of almost 20 departments and agencies with broad areas of expertise (intelligence, defence, policing, border security, transportation, immigration, etc.). Contributing to critical security studies and scholarship on the sociology of surveillance, this article maps the contours and activities of the CVEWG and uses the ATIA to narrate the production and iteration of radicalization threats through Canadian security governance networks. Tracing the influence of other states – the U.S. and U.K., in particular – the article highlights how surveillance practices that target radicalization are disembedded from particular contexts and, instead, framed around abstractions of menacing Islam. By way of conclusion, it casts aspersions on the expansion of counter-terrorism resources towards combating violent extremism; raising questions about the dubious categories and motives in contemporary practices of the “war on terror.”
Surveillance and Ethnography: Researching Surveillance as Everyday Life
Authors: Green Nicola , Zurawski Nils
Published: July 2018

This article argues for a wider and more nuanced understanding of ethnography’s role in Surveillance Studies than has sometimes historically been the case. The article begins by (briefly) deconstructing some of the ways that the concepts of both ‘surveillance’ and ‘ethnography’ have been deployed in empirical surveillance research over time, in order to set the scene for a critical interrogation of the variety of ethnographic approaches so far used within Surveillance Studies. The paper then goes on to review Surveillance Studies approaches broadly, and a range of qualitative and ethnographically-informed approaches in particular, within interdisciplinary empirical research related to surveillance relations. The ensuing discussion identifies several points where the existing empirical evidence base would benefit from more extensive ethnographic studies, at multiple sites and scales, that methodologically recognize surveillance as situated and meaningful everyday life processes and practices, rather than surveillant activities and relationships in settings defined as ‘surveillance’ in an a priori fashion. The article concludes by suggesting that approaches oriented towards empirically understanding surveillance practices as ‘everyday life’ have a significant future contribution to make, particularly with respect to building and developing our theoretical understandings of surveillant assemblages in everyday life contexts.
Leaky Apps and Data Shots: Technologies of Leakage and Insertion in NSA-Surveillance
Authors: Van der Velden Lonneke
Published: July 2018

The NSA disclosures have put the issue of surveillance at center stage, and with that, a range of technologies by which data are captured. This article aims to break up devices for data collection by discussing devices that leak data versus devices that are inserted into computers or networks in order to capture data. Taking a post-Foucauldian trajectory within surveillance theory as a point of reference, in which conceptual frameworks tended to emphasize data bodies and data flows, this article argues that the leaks potentially open new conceptual repertoires and research sites. Amongst other things, we might want to start focusing on devices that ‘get close’.
Before and After Snowden
Authors: Murakami Wood David , Wright Steve
Published: July 2018

This editorial for the Surveillance and Security Intelligence After Snowden issue provides a very brief history of National Security Agency whistleblowers and investigations before Edward Snowden, and sets the current wave of NSA whistleblowing in the context of a growing demand for openness, transparency and accountability opposing the renewed closures and secrecy of the War on Terror. It also provides some links for further research and reading.
Unthinking Extremism: Britain's Fusion Intelligence Complex and the Radicalizing Narratives that Legitimize Surveillance
Authors: Harbisher Ben
Published: July 2018

The aim of this paper is to examine how Britain's Public Authorities and private investors alike have come to define common activists as terrorists, using a range of security methods that have gained surprising ground during the past decade. In short, newfound terms such as "extremism" have been popularised to condemn the activities of groups such as al Qaeda and ISIS (Islamic State), but at the same time have been applied to campaigners for the 'far less politically correct deterrence of dissenting public discourse' (Leman-Langlois, 2009). This paper therefore argues that with the application of terms such as "extremists" to Britain's campaigners, these signifiers have notably radicalized protest groups - not by virtue of their actions per se[1], but by way of the very deliberate repositioning of activists within national security and counter-terrorism frameworks. Nevertheless, it should be recognised that while such narratives are being disseminated at both a national and regional level in the UK, they also form part of a wider Strategic Dialogue, which occurs throughout the West[2]. Indeed the ultimately aim of such practices is to criminalize all forms of extremism (including public acts of direct action), for their capacity to incite civil unrest. Fundamentally speaking, while significant work has been undertaken by leading academics from Europe, Canada, and the USA, relatively little is known about Britain's fusion intelligence centres, in which case the following paper aims to make a valuable contribution to this emerging trend in the policing of domestic affairs, by highlighting the operational protocols and legitimizing narratives that are in use today.[1] Though the strategic dissemination of this dialogue, forms part of an overall campaign to reduce popular sympathy for demonstrators.[2] See the Institute for Strategic Dialogue (ISD), regarding the international mobilization of counter-terrorism/ extremism narratives.
Political Economy and the Australian Government’s CCTV Programme: An Exploration of State-Sponsored Street Cameras and the Cultivation of Consent and Business in Local Communities
Authors: Carr Robert Anthony
Published: July 2018

This article explores the political economy of Closed-Circuit Television (CCTV) in Australia, providing new insights into the relationship between government policy and its economic implications. I have rationalised state-sponsored street cameras as a component in the cultivation of consent between the state and local communities; a mechanism for government to facilitate the flow of public funds to business through arrangements that are virtually unchecked and non-evidence based; a mechanism for government to facilitate profitable opportunities in and beyond the security technologies industry; and, a mechanism to normalise hegemonic social and political relations at the level of discourse. This article explores how government has assisted growth in the security industry in Australia. I draw on a case study about Kiama Municipal Council’s decision in 2014 to accept funding from the Abbott Government to install CCTV cameras through the Safer Streets Programme. This is despite historically low crime rates in Kiama and an inability to demonstrate broad support for the programme in the local community. This study reveals how politicians have cultivated support for CCTV at the local level and pressured councils to install these systems despite a lack of evidence they reduce, deter or prevent crime. Examined is how the footage captured on local council CCTV has been distributed and its meanings mediated by political and commercial groups. I argue that the politics of CCTV dissemination in Australia is entwined with the imperatives of electoral success and commercial opportunity—a coalescent relationship evident in the Safer Streets Programme. Furthermore, the efficacy of CCTV as an electoral tool in Australia is explained via the proposition that street cameras perform a central role in the discourses and political economy of the state.
Surveillance Design Communities in Europe: A Network Analysis
Authors: Baird Theodore
Published: July 2018

Building on the concept of the ‘surveillance-industrial complex’, I move from the ‘complex’ to the ‘community’, situating a number of organizations within ‘surveillance design communities’ (SDCs). SDCs are networks of linked organizations which engage in researching, developing, producing, and circulating surveillance technologies. Empirically I draw from data on the organizations involved in border surveillance funded by the European Union’s FP7-Security programme. Based on the novel conceptualization of SDCs, coupled with an analysis of new network data, the article demonstrates that important contributions to the design of surveillance are distributed among a small core of central organizations surrounded by communities of actors assembled in overlapping hierarchies. Hence, SDCs are interwoven, multiscalar networks of networks rather than simply a total ‘complex’ or sites for the overlap of the ‘public’ and ‘private’.
The Body-worn Camera as a Transitional Technology
Authors: Timan Tjerk
Published: July 2018

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Reimagining Resistance: Performing Transparency and Anonymity in Surveillance Art
Authors: Kafer Gary
Published: July 2018

In 2002, multimedia artist Hasan Elahi launched the project Tracking Transience, a website designed to make public his location and activity. Yet despite the complete disclosure of Elahi’s personal information in this format, Tracking Transience aims to enact a resistive posture to recent developments in digital surveillance. Rather than uphold claims to privacy, Elahi negotiates his security through the release of his personal information. Paradoxically, he voluntarily forgoes his privacy in order to feel more secure. His form of resistance then registers his project of self-surveillance as a performance of transparency. He turns the normative flow of power in digital surveillance into a new critical posture, wherein the artist becomes anonymous to surveillance systems and is able to maintain comfortable levels of security without typical recourse to privacy. And it is precisely this mode of anonymity that Elahi argues is able to produce a mode of resistance to surveillance, one in which the artist participates with digital surveillance in order to avoid it.  By tracing the methodologies that generate data on Elahi’s activity, this paper will speculate on how creative interventions can effect resistive strategies against surveillance systems by moving beyond the historical limits of privacy into the outer reaches of anonymity in our contemporary age of transparency.
Counter-Mapping Surveillance: A Critical Cartography of Mass Surveillance Technology After Snowden
Authors: Van der Vlist Fernando N.
Published: July 2018

This article critically examines mass surveillance technology revealed by Snowden’s disclosures. It addresses that we do not only live in a society where surveillance is deeply inscribed but more urgently, that it is increasingly difficult to study surveillance when its technologies and practices are difficult to distinguish from everyday routines. Considerably, many of the technologies and systems utilised for surveillance purposes were not originally designed as proper surveillance technologies. Instead, they have effectively become surveillance technologies by being enrolled into a particular surveillant assemblage. Three contributions are made towards critical scholarship on surveillance, intelligence, and security. First, a novel empirical cartographic methodology is developed that employs the vocabularies of assemblages and actor–networks. Second, this methodology is applied to critically examine global mass surveillance according to Snowden. Multiple leaked data sources have been utilised to trace actors, their associations amongst each other, and to create several graphical maps and diagrams. These maps provide insights into actor types and dependence relations described in the original disclosed documents. Third, the analytical value of three ordering concepts as well as the logistics of surveillance are explored via notable actors and actor groups. In short, this contribution provides empirical cartographic methods, concepts, and analytical targets for critically examining surveillance technology and its particular compositions. It addresses challenges of resisting mass surveillance and some forms of data activism, and calls for the continuing proliferation of counter-maps to facilitate grounded critique, to raise awareness, and to gain a foothold for meaningful resistance against mass surveillance.
Post-panoptic pedagogies: The changing nature of school surveillance in the digital age
Authors: Nemorin Selena
Published: July 2018

The aim of this paper is to explore critically the everyday conditions of surveillance in the contemporary secondary school context. Using a classical ethnographic approach, it seeks to unpack the range of surveillance practices and processes that are at work within schools as institutional settings, and how these are encountered and experienced by students, teachers, administrators, and other members of a school community. The main concern is with the hypothesized evolution of panoptic to post-panoptic surveillance and whether or not surveillance in schools emulates such developments, specifically with regards to the levelling of power hierarchies as a result of the incorporation of both vertical and horizontal modes of surveillance. To offer concrete examples of this shift in models of surveillance, this paper examine three manifestations of surveillance in schools: CCTV, mobile phones, and e-learning and content management platforms as modes of dataveillance, a particularized form of surveillance that has come to characterize modern surveillance functions. The primary question that drives this research is what evidence is there for these functions/modes of surveillance, and how are digital technologies implicit in their operation?
‘Depends on Who’s Got the Data’: Public Understandings of Personal Digital Dataveillance
Authors: Lupton Deborah , Michael Mike
Published: July 2018

Post-Snowden, several highly-publicised events and scandals have drawn attention to the use of people’s personal data by other actors and agencies, both legally and illicitly. In this article, we report the findings of a project in which we used cultural probes to generate discussion about personal digital dataveillance. What emerged from our focus groups is a somewhat diffuse but quite extensive understanding on the part of the participants of the ways in which data may be gathered about them and the uses to which these data may be put. We found that the participants tended to veer between recognising the value of both personal data and the big aggregated data sets that their own data may be part of, particularly for their own convenience, and expressing concern or suspicion about how these data may be used by others. Our findings suggest that experimenting with innovative approaches to elicit practices and understandings of personal digital data offers further possibilities for greater depth and breadth of social research with all types of social groups.