bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Modeling and simulation for low-frequency vibration energy harvesting based on piezoelectric unimorph cantilever beam
Authors: Song Binjie , Yue Jianhai , Hu Zhunqing
Published: September 2018

In order to solve the problem of sustainable energy supply for low-power electronic products used in low-frequency vibration environment, the mathematic model was established based on the theory of piezoelectricity and Euler-Bernoulli beam. Also, the effects of different parameters of PZT unimorph beams such as the length, width, and tip mass on generating capacity were studied by FEM. The results show that the energy harvester with PZT unimorph beam and tip mass is suitable for low-frequency vibration environment. Increasing the length or reducing the width of the beam can significantly lower the first-order modal frequency of energy harvester when other conditions remain the same. Within certain range, the first-order modal frequency of the beam also gradually reduced as the tip mass increasing. When the size of the PZT unimorph beam is 60x60x0.33mm, the tip mass is 8.92g and an exciting force of 0.01N is applied to it along z axis, an output of 8.1V can be obtained. Meanwhile, the PZT unimorph beam is under the first vibration mode and the resonant frequency is 16.296Hz.
Solar Power Plant Generation Short-Term Forecasting Model
Authors: Eroshenko Stanislav , Kochneva Elena , Kruchkov Pavel , Khalyasmaa Aleksandra
Published: September 2018

Recently, renewable generation plays an increasingly important role in the energy balance. Solar energy is developing at a rapid pace, while the solar power plants output depends on weather conditions. Solar power plant output short-term forecasting is an urgent issue. The future electricity generation qualitative forecasts allow electricity producers and network operators to actively manage the variable capacity of solar power plants, and thereby to optimally integrate the solar resources into the country's overall power system. The article presents one of the possible approaches to the solution of the short-term forecasting problem of a solar power plant output.
Traiter ou prévenir la perte des papilles inter-dentaires
Authors: Sorel Olivier , Brezulier Damien
Published: September 2018

Introduction :La littérature contemporaine s’accorde à dire que les résultats orthodontiques ne peuvent plus avoir pour seul objectif l’atteinte d’un bon équilibre occlusal et fonctionnel. L’intégration des dents à un parodonte sain est essentielle au bon résultat du traitement et à sa pérennité.Materiels et Methodes :L’objectif de cet article était de décrire les atteintes physiopathologiques ou celles iatrogènes de l’orthodontie, menant à l’ouverture de triangles noirs en place des papilles inter-dentaires. Différents protocoles de reconstruction sont ensuite exposés, à la fois parodontaux, prothétiques, mais aussi orthodontiques.Resultats :Ce dernier point, étayé par un rationnel biologique bien connu des parodontologistes, est détaillé à la lumière de cas cliniques.
Distraction osseuse symphysaire (volet 1) : rapport bénéfice / risque. Une revue systématique
Authors: Lietz Gabriel , Gebeile-Chauty Sarah
Published: September 2018

Introduction : L’objectif de cette revue de la littérature est d’évaluer le rapport bénéfice/risque de la distraction osseuse symphysaire. Materiels et methodes : Les essais cliniques randomisés, les séries de cas s’intéressant à la distraction osseuse symphysaire, dont l’échantillon de patients est supérieur ou égal à dix, ont été recherchés sur Pubmed/Medline et Cochrane sur les vingt dernières années. Resultats : Sur les 92 articles trouvés, 25 articles répondaient aux critères d’inclusion. Un essai contrôlé a été retenu, mais aucun essai contrôlé randomisé. Les autres études sont toutes des séries de cas, seize de nature rétrospective, huit de nature prospective. Les distracteurs à ancrage osseux ou hybrids entraîneraient davantage de complications d’ordre parodontal et infectieux, ceci s’expliquant par la position vestibulaire du vérin. Les complications présentent, pour la plupart, un caractère bénin, la plus difficile à gérer restant la fracture du dispositive de distraction. La distraction osseuse symphysaire accroît la dimension transversal de façon efficace, fiable et durable et, paraît-il, sans effets délétères démontrés sur les ATM, et ce pour les trois types de distracteurs. Discussion : Le dispositif à appui dento-porté est à préconiser dans la majorité des cas, compte tenu de son ratio bénéfice/risque. De plus, il ne nécessite pas de seconde intervention chirurgicale pour son retrait. Conclusion : La distraction osseuse symphysaire serait une thérapeutique fiable, dont les limites exactes et la reproductibilité restent encore à définir à la lumière de futures études prospectives.
Outracing Lung Signal Decay – Potential of Ultrashort Echo Time MRI
Authors: Wielpütz Mark , Triphan Simon , Ohno Yoshiharu , Jobst Bertram , Kauczor Hans-Ulrich
Published: September 2018

Background Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the pulmonary parenchyma is generally hampered by multiple challenges related to patient respiratory- and circulation-related motion, low proton density and extremely fast signal decay due to the structure of the lungs evolved for gas exchange.

Methods Systematic literature database research as well as annual participation in conferences dedicated to pulmonary MRI for more than the past 20 years by at least one member of the author team.

Results and Conclusion The problem of motion has been addressed in the past by developments such as triggering, gating and parallel imaging. The second problem has, in part, turned out to be an advantage in those diseases that lead to an increase in lung substance and thus an increase in signal relative to the background. To reduce signal decay, ultrashort echo time (UTE) methods were developed to minimize the time between excitation and readout. Having been postulated a while ago, improved hardware and software now open up the possibility of achieving echo times shorter than 200 µs, increasing lung signal significantly by forestalling signal decay and more effectively using the few protons available. Such UTE techniques may not only improve structural imaging of the lung but also enhance functional imaging, including ventilation and perfusion imaging as well as quantitative parameter mapping. Because of accelerating progress in this field of lung MRI, the review at hand seeks to introduce some technical properties as well as to summarize the growing data from applications in humans and disease, which promise that UTE MRI will play an important role in the morphological and functional assessment of the lung in the near future.

Key Points: 

Citation Format
Consequences of the Adoption of the IADPSG versus Carpenter and Coustan Criteria to Diagnose Gestational Diabetes: A Before-After Comparison
Authors: Gariani Karim , Egloff Michael , Prati Sarah , Philippe Jacques , Boulvain Michel , Jornayvaz François R.
Published: September 2018

Aims To evaluate if the adoption of the International Association of Diabetes and Pregnancy Study Groups (IADPSG) diagnostic criteria for Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) led to changes in the management and in the occurrence of pregnancy complications.

Methods This was a retrospective study of women with GDM followed at a single university center, diagnosed in 2009–2010 using the Carpenter and Coustan criteria (period 1) and in 2012–2013 using the IADPSG criteria (period 2).

Results We included 286 women with GDM, 129 in period 1 and 157 in period 2. Age, body mass index and weight gain during pregnancy were similar. There were less women requiring insulin therapy in period 2 than in period 1 (43.3% versus 55.0% respectively, p=0.048), but no significant difference in the number of cesarean section, in babies born large for gestational age and in the occurrence of preeclampsia. There was less neonatal hypoglycemia (<2.5 mmol/l) in period 2 versus period 1 (7 versus 23 neonates respectively, p<0.001).

Conclusions When using the new IADPSG criteria, women with a less severe GDM are diagnosed, and fewer women require insulin. There was no difference in maternal outcomes, but less neonatal hypoglycemia during when using the IADPSG criteria.
Cleavage of Catechol Monoalkyl Ethers by Aluminum Triiodide–Dimethyl Sulfoxide
Authors: Tian Juan , Sang Dayong , Tu Xiaodong , He Zhoujun , Yao Ming
Published: September 2018

Using eugenol and vanillin as model substrates, a practical method is developed for the cleavage o-hydroxyphenyl alkyl ethers. Aluminum oxide iodide (O=AlI), generated in situ from aluminum triiodide and dimethyl sulfoxide, is the reactive ether cleaving species. The method is applicable to catechol monoalkyl ethers as well as normal phenyl alkyl ethers for the removal of methyl, ethyl, isopropyl, and benzyl groups. A variety of functional groups such as alkenyl, allyl, amide, cyano, formyl, keto, nitro, and halogen are well tolerated under the optimum conditions. Partial hydrodebromination was observed during the demethylation of 4-bromoguaiacol, and was resolved using excess DMSO as an acid scavenger. This convenient and efficient procedure would be a practical tool for the preparation of catechols.
Calibrated Automated Thrombinography (CAT), a Tool to Identify Patients at Risk of Bleeding during Anticoagulant Therapy: A Systematic Review
Authors: Zwaveling Suzanne , Bloemen Saartje , de Laat Bas , ten Cate Hugo , ten Cate-Hoek Arina
Published: September 2018

Background Bleeding is a feared adverse event during anticoagulant treatment. In patients on vitamin K antagonists, most bleedings occur with the international normalized ratio (INR) in the therapeutic range. Currently, identification of high-risk patients via laboratory methods is not reliable. In this systematic review, we assessed the ability of calibrated automated thrombin generation (CAT-TG) to predict bleeding in patients on anticoagulant treatment.

Methods A systematic search was executed in three databases: Medline, Embase, and Cochrane.

Results Seven studies were included; two were of good methodological quality. One study showed that patients on warfarin with INRs in range (2–3) admitted for hemorrhage (n = 28), had lower CAT-TG levels (endogenous thrombin potential [ETP]: 333 ± 89 nM/min) than patients on warfarin admitted for other reasons (ETP: 436 ± 207 nM/min; p < 0.001). Another study found no difference in ETP or peak levels between bleeding and nonbleeding patients in PPP or PRP. When measured in whole blood, both levels were significantly lower in patients with bleeding compared with nonbleeding patients (median [interquartile range, IQR] ETP: 182.5 [157.2–2,847 nM/min] vs. median [IQR] ETP: 256.2 [194.9–344.2 nM/min]; p < 0.001) and median [IQR] peak: 23.9 [19.6–41.8 nM] vs. median [IQR] peak: 39.1 [24.9–53.2 nM]; p < 0.05). From the remaining studies, four suggested that CAT-TG is more sensitive in detecting hemostatic abnormalities than INR and one article found ETP and INR to be equally useful. However, insufficient data were provided to validate these conclusions.

Conclusion Studies investigating the direct association between decreased CAT-TG values and hemorrhagic events are rare. Therefore, the clinical consequences of low CAT-TG values remain to be further investigated.
An Assessment of the Effectiveness of Warfarin Therapy Monitoring Systems on Thrombophilic Patients in Zimbabwe
Authors: Maramba Aaron , Ncube Silenkosi , Mandisodza Arthur , Da Silva Marques Dayana , Matsikure Tsehay
Published: September 2018

Introduction Thrombophilia describes conditions that predispose individuals to increased blood clotting and includes conditions such as deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism. Thrombophilia is associated with high morbidity and mortality rates, and is commonly treated by warfarin anticoagulation. However, warfarin may cause both bleeding and clotting episodes if the therapy is not monitored and managed effectively.

Objectives The main objective of this study was to assess the effectiveness of warfarin monitoring systems on thrombophilic patients at a major hospital in Zimbabwe.

Material and Methods A clinical and laboratory prospective and retrospective study was performed on patients who had been on warfarin therapy for at least 1 year. Questionnaires were administered to participants on warfarin from outpatients clinics at Parirenyatwa Group of Hospitals. Their international normalized ratio (INR) results were also accessed from the laboratory information system and captured in the Epi info and Microsoft Excel for analysis.

Results Fifty questionnaires were administered and 47 (94%) participants responded adequately. Twenty-nine (61.1%) participants on warfarin were females. The majority of them were elderly and in the 31 to 40 age groups. Eighteen (38.3%) participants missed their medication at some point, while 12 (25.5%) had warfarin overdose. Sixteen (34%) and 11 (23.4%) admitted to taking alcohol and smoking, respectively, while on warfarin. Thirty-five (74.5%) did not change their medication nor were advised on the right diet. Thirty-four (72.3%) had appointments set after every month. Some participants indicated that they had symptoms of both clotting and bleeding. There were statistically significant differences (p < 0.0001) between INRs for 3 monthly intervals from the initiation of warfarin therapy.

Conclusion Women and the elderly formed the majority of the patients on warfarin, indicating gender and advanced age susceptibility to thrombophilia, respectively. The effectiveness of the warfarin monitoring systems appeared to be hampered by lack of a coordinated system that adequately monitors anticoagulant therapy in the country.
Bethesda Assay for Detecting Inhibitory Anti-ADAMTS13 Antibodies in Immune-Mediated Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura
Authors: Vendramin Chiara , Thomas Mari , Westwood John-Paul , Scully Marie
Published: September 2018

A diagnosis of thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) is confirmed by a severe deficiency (<10%) of a disintegrin and metalloproteinase with a thrombospondin type 1 motif, member 13 (ADAMTS13) activity. Autoantibodies to ADAMTS13 can be detected with a simplified enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). An alternative methodology is a Bethesda assay, which has never been formally assessed in TTP. This study aimed to investigate the inhibitory anti-ADAMTS13 antibody assay and determine if the Bethesda assay is advantageous compared with the ELISA, measuring total immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies to ADAMTS 13. The Bethesda method determines the neutralizing activity of anti-ADAMTS13 antibodies in pooled normal plasma. We selected six immune-mediated TTP (iTTP) patients with ADAMTS13 activity levels <10% and strong ADAMTS13 inhibitors by 50:50 mixing studies and analyzed anti-ADAMTS13 antibodies using the Bethesda and ELISA assays. ADAMTS13 activity was stable at room temperature, while a time-dependent decrease in activity was detected in assay conditions of 37°C. Adding 5 mM Ca2+ to citrated plasma prevented loss of ADAMTS13 activity with time. There was time dependence to the antibody-mediated inactivation, after 2-hour incubation. Two of the iTTP patients had no detectable ADAMTS13 antibodies by the Bethesda assay, but had high titer of anti-ADAMTS13 antibodies and low ADAMTS13 antigen levels. The Bethesda assay can only detect anti-ADAMTS13 antibodies that functionally inhibit ADAMTS13. The anti-ADAMTS13 IgG ELISA instead allows the rapid identification of total IgG autoantibodies, detecting both inhibitory and noninhibitory antibodies.
Massive Left Atrial Thrombus in Two Patients with Heparin-Induced Thrombocytopenia Type II after Cardiac Surgery
Authors: Mandryk Yuriy , Czesla Markus , Mogilansky Christian , Stefkova Kristina , Drees Aloys , Massoudy Parwis
Published: September 2018

Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia type II (HIT type II) can have devastating consequences in cardiac surgical patients. We report two cases of massive left atrial thrombus after mitral valve replacement and endocardial cryoablation in patients with HIT type II.
The thermodynamics of a liquid-solid interface at extreme conditions: A model close-packed system up to 100 GPa
Authors: Samanta Amit , Belof Jonathan L.
Published: September 2018

The first experimental insight into the nature of the liquid-solid interface occurred with the pioneering experiments of Turnbull, which simultaneously demonstrated both that metals could be deeply undercooled (and therefore had relatively large barriers to nucleation) and that the inferred interfacial free energy γ was linearly proportional to the enthalpy of fusion [D. Turnbull, J. Appl. Phys. 21, 1022 (1950)]. By an atomistic simulation of a model face-centered cubic system via adiabatic free energy dynamics, we extend Turnbull’s result to the realm of high pressure and demonstrate that the interfacial free energy, evaluated along the melting curve, remains linear with the bulk enthalpy of fusion, even up to 100 GPa. This linear dependence of γ on pressure is shown to be a consequence of the entropy dominating the free energy of the interface in conjunction with the fact that the entropy of fusion does not vary greatly along the melting curve for simple monoatomic metals. Based on this observation, it appears that large undercoolings in liquid metals can be achieved even at very high pressure. Therefore, nucleation rates at high pressure are expected to be non-negligible, resulting in observable solidification kinetics.
Mechanical properties of elementary layers involved in a multilayer optical stack by photon-acoustic phonon interaction approaches
Authors: Faëse Frédéric , Poinot Cherroret Delphine , Chatel Sébastien , Becerra Loic , Challali Fatiha , Djemia Philippe , Belliard Laurent
Published: September 2018

Two complementary techniques, picosecond ultrasonics (PU) and Brillouin light scattering (BLS), have been performed to measure the mechanical properties of layers involved in an optical stack. One of the advantages of these two techniques is their ability to analyze samples whose thickness varies from a few tens of nanometers (the anti-reflective coating) to several millimeters (the polymer substrate). Since all the layers constituting the optical stack have proved to be isotropic, they are completely elastically characterized thanks to the two techniques. Moreover, as the two independent elastic coefficients are measured by PU and BLS, c33 and c44, respectively, the complete stiffness matrix and, hence, the Poisson's ratio and the Young's modulus can be deduced.
Development of a molecular gap-type atomic switch and its stochastic operation
Authors: Arima Chisato , Suzuki Ayana , Kassai Ai , Tsuruoka Tohru , Hasegawa Tsuyoshi
Published: September 2018

The gap-type atomic switch is a novel neuromorphic device that possesses functions such as analog changes in resistance and short-term/long-term memory-based learning. However, it is difficult to integrate conventional gap-type atomic switches that use a vacuum gap and Ag2+δS, which has restricted their practical use. In this study, we developed a new, easy to fabricate gap-type atomic switch that incorporates a molecular layer as a gap and Ta2O5 as an ionic transfer material. This molecular gap-type atomic switch operates in a manner that is similar to conventional vacuum gap-type atomic switches. We also demonstrate stochastic operations using the aforementioned molecular gap-type atomic switches. These results indicate a higher potential for the practical use of gap-type atomic switches.
Laser calibration of the DIII-D coherence imaging system
Authors: Allen S. L. , Samuell C. M. , Meyer W. H. , Howard J.
Published: September 2018

In this paper, we describe an in situ calibration technique for Coherence Imaging Spectroscopy (CIS) that measures 2-D images of ion flows on DIII-D. A low power CW diode laser that is tuneable in the range 464-468 nm along with a precision wavemeter (10−5 nm resolution) is used to characterize the interferometer phase as a function of wavelength in the region of C iii (465 nm) and He ii (468 nm). The interferometer is stabilized both mechanically and thermally to minimize drift during the calibration. Optical stirring and an integration sphere are used to obtain spatially uniform calibration images. The quality of the calibration data enables a measurement of phase versus wavelength over approximately 10 fringes of the interferometer. These coefficients can also be related to the geometry of the optics and the birefringent crystal of the interferometer. On DIII-D, the integration sphere with the laser light is inserted into the CIS optical system between shots and the laser image and wavelength are automatically recorded, providing a zero velocity reference.
Quantum f-divergences in von Neumann algebras. I. Standard f-divergences
Authors: Hiai Fumio
Published: September 2018

We make a systematic study of standard f-divergences in general von Neumann algebras. An important ingredient of our study is to extend Kosaki’s variational expression of the relative entropy to an arbitrary standard f-divergence, from which most of the important properties of standard f-divergences follow immediately. In a similar manner, we give a comprehensive exposition on the Rényi divergence in von Neumann algebras. Some results on relative Hamiltonians formerly studied by Araki and Donald are improved as a by-product.
Coalescence dynamics of sessile and pendant liquid drops placed on a hydrophobic surface
Authors: Somwanshi Praveen M. , Muralidhar K. , Khandekar Sameer
Published: September 2018

Experiments have been conducted in which two small water drops are placed on a chemically textured hydrophobic surface (apparent contact angle ∼150°), either in sessile or in pendant modes, just touching each other, under atmospheric conditions. Equal and unequal drop volumes have been studied, the Bond number of the combined drop falling within 0.01-0.04. The resulting coalescence process has been imaged by a high speed camera, till the combined drop reaches equilibrium. The position of the center of mass of the combined drop is determined by digital image processing of image sequences, with displacement yielding the velocity components. The centroid displacement data show that two time scales describe the harmonic content of flow oscillations. These are related to the high initial flow velocities generated, followed by the viscous relaxation of the fluid at later times. Scale analysis in terms of force pairs and energy components delineates experimental trends in velocity and wall shear stress. Shear stresses are momentarily developed at the wall at the short time scale, with its magnitude depending on the drop volumes and orientation. These are smaller in the pendant mode compared to the sessile. However, they are estimated to be large enough to overcome the yield stress of commercially used hydrophobic coatings.
Influence of solvent quality on conformations of crowded polymers
Authors: Davis Wyatt J. , Denton Alan R.
Published: September 2018

The structure and function of polymers in confined environments, e.g., biopolymers in the cytoplasm of a cell, are strongly affected by macromolecular crowding. To explore the influence of solvent quality on conformations of crowded polymers, we model polymers as penetrable ellipsoids, whose shape fluctuations are governed by the statistics of self-avoiding walks, appropriate for a polymer in a good solvent. Within this coarse-grained model, we perform Monte Carlo simulations of mixtures of polymers and hard-nanosphere crowders, including trial changes in polymer size and shape. Penetration of polymers by crowders is incorporated via a free energy cost predicted by polymer field theory. To analyze the impact of crowding on polymer conformations in different solvents, we compute the average polymer shape distributions, radius of gyration, volume, and asphericity over ranges of the polymer-to-crowder size ratio and crowder volume fraction. The simulation results are accurately predicted by a free-volume theory of polymer crowding. Comparison of results for polymers in good and theta solvents indicates that excluded-volume interactions between polymer segments significantly affect crowding, especially in the limit of crowders much smaller than polymers. Our approach may help to motivate future experimental studies of polymers in crowded environments, with possible relevance for drug delivery and gene therapy.
Structural and electrical properties of epitaxial perovskite CaIr1−xRuxO3 thin films
Authors: Guo Zhuang , Lan Da , Jin Feng , Qu Lili , Zhuang Kexuan , Chen Binbin , Gao Guanyin , Chen Feng , Wu Wenbin
Published: September 2018

The 4d and 5d transition metal oxides have exhibited a wide spectrum of attracting phenomena. Here, we demonstrate modulations on crystal structure, electrical properties, and spin-orbit couplings (SOCs) in perovskite CaIr1−xRuxO3 (CIRO, 0 ≤ x ≤ 1) thin films. First, all our coherently-grown CIRO films exhibit the orthorhombic perovskite structure, of which the orthorhombicity is tuned by the doping level x. This is different from the post-perovskite structure that is usually observed in the bulk CaIrO3. Second, the metal-semiconductor transition in the perovskite CIRO layers is triggered by changing either the doping level or the layer thickness. Our data suggest the important roles of SOC and disorders in determining the electrical properties in perovskite CIRO layers. Third, the sign reversal of Hall coefficient in CIRO films reveals the complex evolution of electronic structure depending on x and temperature, suggesting the perovskite CIRO films as a new accessible platform for investigating rich physics in 4d and 5d transition metal oxides.
Miniature all-fibre microflown directional acoustic sensor based on crossed self-heated micro-Co2+-doped optical fibre Bragg gratings
Authors: Gao Ran , Zhang Mengying , Qi Zhi-mei
Published: September 2018

The large size and electromagnetic interference of microphone arrays are long standing challenges for sound source localization. Here, an all-fibre vector acoustic sensor based on crossed microfiber Bragg gratings (micro-FBGs) has been proposed and experimentally demonstrated that enables the two-dimensional sound source localization with a size less than 1.5 mm. Two micro-FBGs inscribed in the Co2+-doped fibre are fabricated through a hydrofluoric acid solution, which are placed parallel to each other to form a micro-FBG pair. Based on the self-heating and asymmetric temperature distribution of two Co2+-doped fibres, the crossed micro-FBGs provide a direct two-dimensional measurement of the acoustic particle velocity. The experimental results show that an orientation sensitivity of 1.57 mV/deg for the micro-FBGs is achieved with a figure-of-eight response of the acoustic source direction. Meanwhile, the direction responses of two crossed pairs of micro-FBGs are exactly orthogonal to each other, which could detect the sound source localization. The all-fibre vector acoustic sensor is immune to electromagnetic interference, which appears to have a variety of potential applications, including research in acoustic communication, pipeline monitoring and navigation, etc.
Fast spatial scanning of 3D ultrasound fields via thermography
Authors: Melde K. , Qiu T. , Fischer P.
Published: September 2018

We propose and demonstrate a thermographic method that allows rapid scanning of ultrasound fields in a volume to yield 3D maps of the sound intensity. A thin sound-absorbing membrane is continuously translated through a volume of interest while a thermal camera records the evolution of its surface temperature. The temperature rise is a function of the absorbed sound intensity, such that the thermal image sequence can be combined to reveal the sound intensity distribution in the traversed volume. We demonstrate the mapping of ultrasound fields, which is several orders of magnitude faster than scanning with a hydrophone. Our results are in very good agreement with theoretical simulations.
Magnetic domain formation in ultrathin complex oxide ferromagnetic/antiferromagnetic bilayers
Authors: Bang A. D. , Olsen F. K. , Slöetjes S. D. , Scholl A. , Retterer S. T. , Vaz C. A. F. , Tybell T. , Folven E. , Grepstad J. K.
Published: September 2018

In this study, we report on the magnetic domain formation in ultrathin blanket films and patterned micro- and nanostructures of ferromagnetic (FM) La0.7Sr0.3MnO3 single-layers and antiferromagnetic (AF)/ferromagnetic LaFeO3/La0.7Sr0.3MnO3 bilayers, as investigated by soft x-ray photoemission electron microscopy. In single-layer La0.7Sr0.3MnO3, the domain size is significantly reduced compared to that found in thicker layers, and rectangular micromagnets display metastable multidomain states distinctly different from the flux-closure ground states commonly found in thicker elements. In the LaFeO3/La0.7Sr0.3MnO3 bilayers, complex multidomain patterns are observed for blanket films and patterned magnets with robust perpendicular (spin-flop) coupling between spins in the AF and FM layers. By thermal cycling of the sample through the La0.7Sr0.3MnO3 Curie temperature, we find that the native antiferromagnetic domain pattern of LaFeO3 pins the location of domain boundaries in the adjacent La0.7Sr0.3MnO3 layer.
Unlimited acquisition time in electron holography by automated feedback control of transmission electron microscope
Authors: Gatel C. , Dupuy J. , Houdellier F. , Hÿtch M. J.
Published: September 2018

The signal-to-noise ratio of measurements by electron holography could be considerably improved if longer exposure times were possible: increasing the number of electrons contributing to the hologram improves the counting statistics. However, instrumental instabilities causing drift in the hologram fringes and specimen position make acquisition times of above a few seconds counterproductive. The current approach is to acquire image stacks of holograms, with short exposure times, followed by numerical realignment through sophisticated post-processing. The associated data storage and manipulation make in-situ and tomography experiments extremely cumbersome. Here, we implement dynamic automation of electron holography experiments to overcome these problems. The real-time drift measurement and feedback control of the instrument allow single holograms to be acquired with exposure times of 30 min or more. Indeed, there are no longer any limitations from instrumental instabilities and only those imposed by the specimen itself. Furthermore, automation allows the implementation of sophisticated phase reconstruction techniques based on precise control of the experimental conditions. Smart acquisition of electron holograms preludes future computer-controlled electron microscopy capabilities.
Experimental results flex their strength in early antiferroelectric study
Authors: Liebendorfer Adam
Published: September 2018

Flexoelectric coupling is found not to be the origin of the antiferroelectric properties of lead zirconate and silver niobate, posing further questions for current theoretical frameworks.
The effect of carcass weight on fatness and muscle and fat colour of male Ojinegra de Teruel light lambs
Authors: Ripoll G. , Blanco M. , Panea B. , Joy M.
Published: September 2018

This study aimed to evaluate the effects of increases in lamb carcass weight in 1-kg steps from 8 to 11 kg on carcass fatness, muscle colour, subcutaneous and renal fat colour, tissue composition of the thoracic limb, and intramuscular fatty acid composition. Sixty-two carcasses from Ojinegra de Teruel male lambs fed concentrates ad libitum and barley straw were used. Both carcass scores and renal fat weight increased with carcass weight (P = 0.0001), but the percentage increase in renal fat weight was twice that of fat scores. Renal fat was prone to store carotenoids earlier than caudal fat, resulting in increased chroma. With increasing carcass weight, muscle colour became less light (decreased L* (P = 0.0001) and an increased in chroma scores (P = 0.001). Increments of 1 kg of carcass weight led to noticeable changes in the M. rectus abdominis colour, except at the increment from 10 kg to 11 kg. Slaughtering lambs at light weights was found to be advisable because renal fat is not a valuable part of the carcass. The lean percentage of the thoracic limb did not increase with carcass weight, as the increased muscle:bone ratio (P = 0.0001) was offset by an increased fat percentage (especially the intermuscular fat %). Changes with increasing carcass weight in the proportions of the main fatty acids in intramuscular fat were small. Moreover, intramuscular fat did not change in quantity or quality. However, when selling carcasses at heavier weights is preferred, achieving carcasses of 11 kg rather than 10 kg was found to be advisable because the deposition of fat in both was similar. Breeds that deposit fat earlier than the breed used in this study should be fed low-energy diets to improve carcass quality. This feeding strategy could also be considered if fat deposition differs between sexes.
Participant perspectives on the Australian WHO ASSIST Phase III brief intervention for illicit drug use in a primary healthcare setting
Authors: Newcombe David , Humeniuk Rachel , Dennington Victoria , Ali Robert
Published: September 2018

This study explored the experience and self-reported changes in health behaviours of people in a primary healthcare setting who received a brief intervention (BI) for illicit drugs linked to the Alcohol Smoking Substance Involvement Screening Test (ASSIST). Eighty-two participants from a sexual health clinic in Adelaide, South Australia, who were involved in a randomised controlled trial investigating the effectiveness of an ASSIST-linked BI delivered at baseline, were re-interviewed 3 months later and were administered a semi-structured questionnaire designed to elicit participant perspectives on the BI. Overall, participants’ comments were positive, with 78% reporting that the BI had some influence on their drug-taking behaviour; 72% reporting they had attempted to reduce drug use. Their comments highlighted several ways in which the BI helped them become ‘aware’ of the potential risks of using, the risks of continued substance use, the benefits of stopping or cutting down substance use and the strategies they used to change their behaviour. A smaller proportion of participants reported that the BI had no influence. These results indicate the ASSIST-linked BI is a brief, simple-to-administer intervention that provides participants with an opportunity to voluntarily and successfully enter into an intentional process of change.
Modulation of the Hippo pathway and organ growth by RNA processing proteins
Authors: Mach Jana , Atkins Mardelle , Gajewski Kathleen M. , Mottier-Pavie Violaine , Sansores-Garcia Leticia , Xie Jun , Mills Robert Andrew , Kowalczyk Weronika , Van Huffel Leen , Mills Gordon B. , Halder Georg
Published: September 2018

Significance

The Hippo pathway is an important regulator of animal growth, and its effector, Yorkie (in flies) or YAP/TAZ (in mammals), drives the expression of genes needed for cell proliferation and survival. In an effort to identify new regulators of Yorkie, we performed a genetic modifier screen in
Drosophila
. In this screen, we identified the RNA-binding protein Hrb27C as a positive regulator of Yorkie activity that modulates its phosphorylation status. Additional experiments identified the Hrb27C interacting proteins Glorund, Halfpint, Squid, and Pabp2 as negative modulators of Yorkie activity. Our results identify a link between the Hippo pathway and RNA binding factors and deepen the knowledge of this important growth control pathway.
Translocatable voltage-gated Ca2+channel β subunits in α1–β complexes reveal competitive replacement yet no spontaneous dissociation
Authors: Yeon Jun-Hee , Park Cheon-Gyu , Hille Bertil , Suh Byung-Chang
Published: September 2018

Significance

Voltage-gated Ca2+(CaV) channels have an α1-α2δ core complexed with one of several alternative β subunits. Contradictory evidence says that, once bound, (i) a β subunit is permanently associated with the α1-α2δ core or (ii) that it is free to be exchanged for other β subunits. We designed rapamycin-translocatable CaVβ subunits that allow drug-induced sequestration of free β subunits to several organelle anchors. Sequestering free subunits does not dissociate bound subunits from channels except when the binding site is mutated to weaken the interaction. Nevertheless, our rapamycin constructs show that, when nontranslocatable β subunits are coexpressed with a translocatable subunit, sequestering the translocatable subunit changes the channel properties, revealing a quick replacement by the nontranslocatable subunit in the channel complex.
Exploring the free-energy landscape of GPCR activation
Authors: Alhadeff Raphael , Vorobyov Igor , Yoon Han Wool , Warshel Arieh
Published: September 2018

Significance

Exploring the action of G-protein–coupled receptors (GPCRs) is a problem of major fundamental and practical importance. Hence, it is crucial to understand the free-energy landscape of the activation of a GPCR. However, at present it is practically impossible to explore this issue by all-atom simulations. The current work uses a coarse-grained (CG) model to explore the nature of the relevant landscape and the resulting GPCR activation. We explore the energetic determinants of the allosteric mechanism of GPCR activation, shedding light on the structure/activity relationship of the system. This advance can serve as a basis for further progress in understanding GPCRs and related systems. Furthermore, it demonstrates the utility of CG approaches in describing and analyzing large and complex biological systems.
Erratum to “Bertini irreducibility theorems over finite fields”
Authors: Charles François , Poonen Bjorn
Published: September 2018

We indicate how to correct the proof of Lemma 5.1 in our published article Bertini irreducibility theorems over finite fields, J. Amer. Math. Soc. 29 (2016), no. 1, 81–94. The main results are unchanged.
Asian American Graphic Narrative
Authors: Chiu Monica , Roan Jeanette
Published: September 2018

Asian American graphic narratives typically produce meaning through arrangements of images, words, and sequences, though some forgo words completely and others offer an imagined “before” and “after” within the confines of a single panel. Created by or featuring Asian Americans or Asians in a US or Canadian context, they have appeared in a broad spectrum of formats, including the familiar mainstream genre comics, such as superhero serials from DC or Marvel Comics; comic strips; self-published minicomics; and critically acclaimed, award-winning graphic novels. Some of these works have explicitly explored Asian American issues, such as anti-Asian racism, representations of history, questions of identity, and transnationalism; others may feature Asian or Asian American characters or settings without necessarily addressing established or familiar Asian American issues. Indeed, many works made by Asian American creators have little or no obvious or explicit Asian American content at all, and some non-Asian American creators have produced works with Asian American representations, including racist stereotypes and caricatures.

The earliest representations of Asians in comics form in the United States were racist representations in the popular press, generally in single-panel caricatures that participated in anti-immigration discourses. However, some Asian immigrants in the early to mid-20th century also used graphic narratives to show and critique the treatment of Asians in the United States. In the realm of mainstream genre comics, Asian Americans have participated in the industry in a variety of different ways. As employees for hire, they created many well-known series and characters, generally not drawing, writing, or editing content that is recognizably Asian American. Since the 2010s, though, Asian American creators have reimagined Asian or Asian American versions of legacy characters like Superman and the Hulk and created new heroes like Ms. Marvel. In the wake of an explosion of general and scholarly interest in graphic novels in the 1990s, many independent Asian American cartoonists have become significant presences in the contemporary graphic narrative world.
Juan Carlos Rodríguez and Michel Foucault: Discourse, Ideology, and the Unconscious
Authors: Read Malcolm K.
Published: September 2018

Louis Althusser bequeathed to his students and coworkers a rich but problematic legacy, not least of all with respect to his notion of the unconsciousness of ideology. Traditionally, even among Marxists, the latter had been associated with the conscious realm of ideas, thereby giving rise to the notion of a “false consciousness.” From the Althusserian standpoint, by way of contrast, ideology was profoundly unconscious in its operations. Two of Althusser’s students, Michel Foucault and Juan Carlos Rodríguez, rose to meet the challenge posed by this facet of their former master’s work, although to very antithetical effect. In Foucault, Althusser’s original insight underwent a radical transformation from which it emerged, stripped of its Marxist framework, as a discursive unconsciousness, materialized in the rules that governed discourse and, subsequently, in social institutions and practices. Rodríguez, on the other hand, reworked the notion of ideological unconsciousness into an ideological unconscious. Understandably, Foucault’s work found favor with a bourgeois academy that, throughout the 1980s and 1990s, increasingly abandoned Marxism to embrace conservative forms of postmodernism and neo-liberalism. During the same period, Rodríguez struggled to make his presence felt from the margins of the global academy. By a curious irony, however, his very location afforded a perfect vantage point from which to study the workings of ideological conflict. His notion of the ideological unconscious remains a seminal if still neglected concept.
Projections for Temperature, Precipitation, Wind, and Snow in the Baltic Sea Region until 2100
Authors: Christensen Ole Bøssing , Kjellström Erik
Published: September 2018

The ecosystems and the societies of the Baltic Sea region are quite sensitive to fluctuations in climate, and therefore it is expected that anthropogenic climate change will affect the region considerably. With numerical climate models, a large amount of projections of meteorological variables affected by anthropogenic climate change have been performed in the Baltic Sea region for periods reaching the end of this century.

Existing global and regional climate model studies suggest that:

• The future Baltic climate will get warmer, mostly so in winter. Changes increase with time or increasing emissions of greenhouse gases. There is a large spread between different models, but they all project warming. In the northern part of the region, temperature change will be higher than the global average warming.

• Daily minimum temperatures will increase more than average temperature, particularly in winter.

• Future average precipitation amounts will be larger than today. The relative increase is largest in winter. In summer, increases in the far north and decreases in the south are seen in most simulations. In the intermediate region, the sign of change is uncertain.

• Precipitation extremes are expected to increase, though with a higher degree of uncertainty in magnitude compared to projected changes in temperature extremes.

• Future changes in wind speed are highly dependent on changes in the large-scale circulation simulated by global climate models (GCMs). The results do not all agree, and it is not possible to assess whether there will be a general increase or decrease in wind speed in the future.

• Only very small high-altitude mountain areas in a few simulations are projected to experience a reduction in winter snow amount of less than 50%. The southern half of the Baltic Sea region is projected to experience significant reductions in snow amount, with median reductions of around 75%.
Deportation and Immigration Enforcement
Authors: Brotherton David C. , Tosh Sarah
Published: September 2018

While deportation as a practice has roots that reach far back into history, the state’s removal of immigrants in the modern era is unprecedented, in terms of both its mechanisms and its breadth. Over the past few decades, the United States in particular has developed systems of immigrant enforcement, detention, and deportation that serve to restrain and remove hundreds of thousands of immigrants each year. In the late 20th century, along with a punitive turn in criminal justice and drug policy, came an era of punitive immigration legislation in the United States, culminating in the Illegal Immigration Reform and Immigrant Responsibility Act (IIRIRA) of 1996. Among other laws, IIRIRA laid the groundwork for astronomical rates of deportation in the early 21st century—rates the current administration vows to exceed in coming years. The increasingly criminalized immigration policy of the United States has been paralleled in many ways in immigrant-receiving countries around the world, resulting in a “global deportation regime” that transcends national borders. Theories that frame deportation as a necessary product and constitutive practice of social membership in our modern system of sovereign nation states are supplemented by those that view it as a tool used by neoliberal governments to control a vulnerable surplus population of immigrant workers. Another theoretical thread on deportation focuses on the culture of vindictiveness in late modernity, and the social bulimia of contemporary societies that simultaneously integrate and exclude the immigrant Other. Theories of subcultural resistance are also relevant for attempts to understand individual agency and collective mobilization, both of immigrants against deportation, as well as deportees against stigmatization. Post-deportation studies focus on the deportee experience, with a focus on social displacement/exclusion and stigmatization.
Learning Strategies Instruction
Authors: Grosser Mary
Published: September 2018

Learning strategies comprise the application of overt and covert metacognitive, cognitive, affective/motivational, social, and behavioral/environmental/management learning tools to enhance the successfulness of surface and deep learning, as well as transfer of learning. The most effective learning strategies for the acquisition and manipulation of information combine the limited use of a behavioristic, teacher-directed transmission approach to teaching with a powerful cognitive and constructivist approach where students take control of their own learning and construct meaning of information.
Taxonomies of Educational Objectives as Bases for Curriculum Planning
Authors: Anderson Lorin W.
Published: September 2018

Benjamin Bloom’s vision of a taxonomy of educational objectives was very ambitious; it could bring order out of chaos, facilitate meaningful descriptions of educational programs and experiences, enable the development of theories and research studies, and improve teacher training in part by “orienting [teachers] to the varied possibilities of education” (emphasis by the author). Since the 1950s, numerous taxonomies have been developed, most in the cognitive domain, but also a few in the affective and psychomotor domains. During these seven decades the relationship between taxonomies of educational objectives and curriculum scholars and curriculum workers has been quite complex and, often, difficult. Claims have been made for both the potential of taxonomies for curriculum development and for the harm that taxonomies, particularly cognitive taxonomies, can do (and, some would say, have done) to curriculum theory and practice.