bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
OPTIMIZATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF CALCINATED CHICKEN EGG SHELL DOPED TITANIUM DIOXIDE PHOTOCATALYST BASED NANOPARTICLES FOR WASTEWATER TREATMENT
Authors: Mekonnen Bayisa Yigezu , Aga Bullo Tafere , Seid Bultum Mohammed
Published: October 2023

In recent decades, research concerning and knowledge about the external benefits of renewable raw materials have intensified the efforts for investigating the major sources, causes, and effects of wastewater from solid waste and industries or households. In this study bio-matter and low-cost photocatalyst was prepared for photodegradation on the removal of methylene blue from wastewater treatment, and characterized by Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, UV-spectrometer, and X-ray diffractometer (XRD). The effects of initial concentration of methylene blue, amount of dopant, and degradation time were investigated on the percentage degradation of methylene blue using the calcinated eggshell doped titanium dioxide nanoparticle catalysts. At sufficient contact time and low initial concentration, the increment in dopant dose from 0.5 to 2.5 g/l results in an increment of methylene blue degradation efficiency, from 52.5 % to 95.8%. It was shown that a calcinating eggshell doped titanium dioxide photocatalyst method for wastewater treatment is a promising option for the degradation of methylene blue from industrial wastewater under the stated condition.
Features of interpersonal relationships in adolescents with internet addiction
Authors: Myloslavska O. , Huliaieva O. , Farafonova-Nekrasova O.
Published: October 2023

The article is focused on the study of interpersonal relations in adolescents with Internet addiction. The purpose of the article is to identify the characteristics of interpersonal relationships and their relationship with Internet addiction in adolescents. To achieve the research goal, the following psychological tools were used: the «Internet Addiction Scale», the «Dialogic Interpersonal Relationships Scale», and the «Diagnosis of emotional barriers in interpersonal communication». The Kolmogorov-Smirnov criterion and Spearman's rank correlation coefficient were used for statistical processing of the results, which allow for further qualitative analysis of the data. According to the results of the study, the relationship between emotional obstacles in interpersonal communication and Internet addiction in Internet addicts and Internet independent adolescents was established. The obtained results indicate that with the growing feeling of inability to overcome the desire to access the Internet; a sense of discomfort if you have to stop using the Internet for a certain period of time, inability to control the duration of time spent for the Internet, the inability to control emotional reactions, the ability to restrain or dose the manifestations of unpleasant emotional experiences, increases internal tension, the tendency to inadequate expression of emotions is actualized; emotional reactions are more often inappropriate. As a conclusion, it can be argued that in the group of adolescents with Internet addictive behavior, with the increase in the severity of emotional barriers in interpersonal communication, a number of Internet addiction symptoms such as "inability to control emotions", "compulsive symptoms", "withdrawal symptoms", "inadequate expression of emotions", "dominance of negative emotions" and "unwillingness to get closer to people on an emotional basis" are exacerbated. The results obtained can be used to improve programmes for the prevention and correction of Internet addiction in adolescents.
Declining financial performance of local governments in Indonesia: An empirical study during Covid-19
Authors: Karnoto Suparjito Bin , Almasyhari Abdul Kharis , Budiarto Dekeng Setyo
Published: October 2023

This research focuses on assessing the financial performance of Regency/City Governments in Central Java Province after refocusing their budget during the COVID-19 pandemic in 2021. Budget Refocusing is a government policy to cope with the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic. This policy certainly has an impact on the financial performance of local government. The calculation process to measure the financial performance of local government using formulas adopted from the research and development section of the Ministry of Home Affairs as well as the Faculty of Social and Political Sciences, Gadjah Mada University, and applied in previous research to calculate financial ratios such as the local government fiscal decentralization, local government financial dependency, regional original income (PAD) effectiveness, and capital expenditure ratios. The results showed that 71.43% of local governments have financial capability in the less category, 62.86% in the moderate category, and 45.71% have a PAD effectiveness ratio in the very effective category. Moreover, the average capital expenditure ratio for the governments was found to be 11.47%.
AWARENESS OF IRAQI CONSUMERS TO FOODBORNE ILLNESS RISKS
Authors:   Assistant Professor, PhD, Market Research and Consumer Protection Center, University of Baghdad, Iraq, Corresponding author e: mahmud@mracpc.uobaghdad.edu.iq, Alkhafaji Mahmud A. J.
Published: October 2023

Many of Iraqi consumers suffered every year from foodborne illness including food poisoning, symptoms of their diseases varies from usual symptoms which ends after a few days to severe cases which require hospitalization, and sometimes lead to death. In this research we collected data from Iraqi directorates related with consumer’s health to investigate the awareness of Iraqi population against foodborne illness. The questionnaire used as a tool research, based on information collected. Four most commune pathogens, which caused almost foodborne illness among Iraqi consumers have been investigated in the research. The collection data has been done by the questionnaire addressed to 500 consumers. The research focused to ask Iraqi consumer about their awareness of the pathogens causing foodborne illness and the way of infection. Results showed that Iraqi consumers were aware of foodborne illness risks causing by pathogens as following consequently: Typhoid Fever Sallmonella typhi 48%, Escherichia coli E coli 44%, Brucellosis Brucella ssp. 38%, Shigellosis Shigella ssp. 30%, and Amebiasis Entamoeba histolytica 21%. The results obtained by the research reflected a lack in awareness of Iraqi consumer against pathogens causing foodborne illness.
The Revolution of 1905–07 in the Tambov Gubernia Peasants’ Memoirs
Authors:   Tambov State Technical University, Tambov, Russian Federation, Ippolitov Vladimir A.
Published: October 2023

The paper examines the memoirs of participants in the revolution of 1905–07 stored in the State Archive of the Socio-Political History of the Tambov Region (GASPITO). Fond 382 “Department of the Gubernia Committee of the RCP (B) for Studying the History of the October Revolution and the Party” has been analyzed. Due to scarcity of personal provenance documents created by peasants, analysis of the memoirs written in the Soviet era is of great importance. Most national and foreign scientists who studied similar topics mainly used the reports of the police department and other official documents. Peasant memoirs were rarely considered. The memoirs compiled in 1925 contain various data on the revolutionary movement in the Russian village in the early 20th century. The authors provided information on their origin, occupation, political beliefs, etc. Peasant uprisings, their orientation, and punitive actions of the government were described in sufficient detail. The relevance of the study is determined by the importance of comprehensive analysis of the Russian peasantry. When examining the memoirs, the author has used historical-comparative and retrospective methods. The key scientific principle is historicism. The article underscores special role of the “revolutionary turning point” generation representatives in the events of the first third of the 20th century. The majority of peasants who wrote memoirs was born at the turn of the 20th century and took an active part in the revolution of 1905–07. Generational history provides a deeper understanding of the motivation of the young people who became organizers of the agrarian riots. The article focuses on the impact of the revolutionary events on the behavioral practices of rural society. It cites instances of revolutionary agitation of peasants by seasonal workers. Relations between peasants and landlords are analyzed. Particular attention is paid to the analysis of peasant uprisings. The research showcases great generational gap in the village. The youth, by virtue of its inherent psychosocial qualities, was the most important catalyst for the revolution. There was characteristic influence of marginal elements on the peasant community. The study shows that memoirs created in the Soviet period were characterized by politicization and ideological predestination. However, these shortcomings do not reduce their importance for understanding the peasant worldview. The memoirs of direct participants point to continuity of the events of 1905 and 1917.
“Cinema–Atlas of the USSR”: The Concept of M. V. Naletny: Archival Materials of the 1920s
Authors:   Peter the Great Museum of Anthropology and Ethnography, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russian Federation, Golovnev Ivan A. , Golovneva Elena V. ,   Peter the Great Museum of Anthropology and Ethnography, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russian Federation
Published: October 2023

The 1920s saw an increased general release of documentaries about life of peoples and regions in the USSR, opening an opportunity for mass audience to make virtual trips through multinational and diverse country. It was within the frameworks of the project “Cinema-Atlas of the USSR,” an ambitious state program launched under the auspices of the Central Executive Committee, which involved creation of a 150-episode thematic film almanac. The article is to introduce into scientific use the archival documentary film “To the shores of the Pacific Ocean” (1927) directed by M. V. Naletny, created during complex film expedition along the Trans-Siberian railway from Moscow to the Far East. To achieve this goal, not only the film itself is analyzed, but also socio-political, cultural, and ideological context of its creation, in line with the state program for creation of the Soviet Cine-Atlas. Little-known visual and text archives, as well as data from the Soviet periodical press of the 1920s, are used as a source base for the study. Due to specifics of silent cinema, this film is a film text of a kind, consisting of approximately equal number of alternating film frames and text captions. One can tell that, in accordance with general recommendations for film making in the USSR, based on Marxist theory, the director designed his full-length film as a series of visual essays suitable for the “Cinema-Atlas” developed at the time. The study makes it obvious that M. V. Naletny sought in his film to overcome the format of superficial “tourist” narrative, widespread at the time, detailing geographical features of regions, types of population, their economic structures, etc. M. V. Naletny’s methodological developments, which are considered cocurrently, clearly demonstrate party requirements to capacious resources of cinematography as a means of information and agitation, textbook, and means for popularization of scientific knowledge. It is concluded that M. V. Naletny’s legacy is of multi-layered popular science significance, having become a contribution to the on-screen chronicle of Soviet transformations on the ground. The studied complex of materials is a significant example of visual and anthropological searches of the early Soviet period, as well as an informative historical source that has not lost its relevance for modern scientific study.
Kazan Pedagogical Institute in the Days of Great Terror: Kh. Gimadi's letters to the Central Committee of the CPSU (B) and Party Organization (1938)
Authors:   Sh. Marjani Institute of History of the Tatarstan Academy of Sciences, Kazan, Russian Federation, Galimzyanova Alina T.
Published: October 2023

The article reveals the degree of influence of the Great Terror policy on the formation of behavioral practices in the scientific, pedagogical, and student environment of the Kazan State Pedagogical Institute (KSPI). The author analyzes letters addressed to the Central Committee of the All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks and party organizations of the KSPI. The letters, dated April 1938, were written by Khairi Gimadi, one of the leading historians of the TASSR, who stood at the origins of the Soviet historiography of the national republic. The article is to show the source studies significance of epistolary heritage in study of the Soviet humanities development in the context of ideological campaigns. Besides principles of historicism, objectivity, and integrated approach, the study uses hermeneutic method to interpret the texts content, taking into account the author’s age, marital and social status, his attitude to power, and also state’s ideological pressure on society. Having survived the days of repression, Kh. Gimadi became a candidate of historical sciences, senior researcher at the Academy of Sciences of the USSR with a degree in history of Tatarstan. He was engaged in research activities until his death in 1961. After his death, his wife carefully collected notes that he had torn, grouped them according to their content, and filed into two separate notebooks. One of these contains Kh. Gimadi's letters of application. They reflect a form of corporate ethics developed during the Great Terror and relationship between teachers and students. The study shows politically unstable living conditions of the humanitarian intelligentsia, enduring fear for the fate of loved ones. In order to survive, Soviet people often had to overstep moral boundaries and comply with the system. This inevitably led to the destruction of traditional foundations of the society and the breakdown of social ties. This led to the false notion that the only source of justice was the party. This is the reason why H. Gimadi's letters of application were written. The significance of these historical documents lies in the fact that, in addition to highlighting moral and political atmosphere in the days of mass repression, they make it possible to understand the reason behind conciliatory behavior and even complicity in mass arrests. The presented study may be of interest to specialists studying the development of Soviet historical science in the national republics and everyday life in the era of Stalinism.
The Research Potential of the Epistolary Heritage of Professor B. S. Abalikhin: 1959–93
Authors:   Volgograd State Social and Pedagogical University, Volgograd, Russian Federation, Solovyova Svetlana V. , Bolotova Elena Yu. ,   Volgograd State Social and Pedagogical University, Volgograd, Russian Federation
Published: October 2023

The article reveals the importance of epistolary sources for cognition of the phenomenon of personality, study of the experience of individual people, peculiarities of the personal perception of certain historical processes. On the example of his considerable epistolary heritage, the authors reveal the research potential of the private correspondence of the Volgograd professor, "Honored Scientist of the RSFSR" B.S. Abalikhin. The documents have been introduced into scientific use for the first time. The authors were students of B.S. Abalikhin, having entered the Historical and Philological Faculty of the Volgograd State Pedagogical Institute in 1978. S.V. Solovyova moved from student research to a PhD thesis under his guidance. Personal fond no. R–2808 “Boris Sergeyevich Abalikhin—Doctor of Historical Sciences, Professor” in the State Archive of the Volgograd Region (GAVO) consists of 192 storage units, including 937 documents dating from 1935 to 1995. The personal provenance fond is composed by six groups of documents. The first one includes scientific works and creative materials of the scientist, devoted mainly to the Patriotic War of 1812 and the Great Patriotic War of 1941–45. Many are preserved in handwritten form with autograph of the author. The second group contains documents of autobiographical nature, including characteristics-recommendations, autobiography; the third one is materials of scientific and organizational, pedagogical, social, and other activities (plans of scientific and methodological work, reviews, contracts with publishers, work reports, etc.); the fourth group is personal correspondence with various reporters; the fifth one consists of photos of B. S. Abalikhin with students, graduates, relatives, and colleagues; the sixth group contains materials of official activities (certificates, invitations to conferences, lists of scientific papers, notes from the newspaper “Teacher,” etc.). The letters permit to trace the evolution of the historian’s scientific interests, to characterize his ways of searching for historical information, to identify his main scientific associates and opponents, to assess difficulties on the thorny path of the researcher, to characterize B. S. Abalikhin as a person, teacher, husband, father. The authors make a conclusion about importance of private correspondence for presentation of scientific and historical biography of the scientist, for reconstruction of his research laboratory.
Efecto del consumo de leguminosas arbustivas (Acacia rigidula y Havardia pallens) sobre la morfología espermática de machos caprinos en crecimiento
Authors: Garza-Martínez Nidia , Zapata-Campos Cecilia Carmela , Peña Avelino Luz Yosahandy , Sánchez Dávila Fernando
Published: October 2023

El objetivo del presente trabajo fue evaluar el efecto del consumo de dietas formuladas con Acacia rigidula (Benth) Seigler & Ebinger y Havardia pallens (Benth) Britton & Rose, en la capacidad reproductiva de machos caprinos criollos en crecimiento en condiciones de estabulado en Ciudad Victoria, Tamaulipas. Se utilizaron 15 machos caprinos jóvenes (3-4 meses de edad aproximadamente) los cuales fueron asignados al azar a las dietas con las plantas nativas o dieta control, conteniendo el 35% de inclusión. Los aspectos evaluados fueron: circunferencia escrotal (Ces), Motilidad masal (MM) y Morfología espermática que se determinaron dos veces al mes, a partir de agosto hasta diciembre. Con la finalidad de evaluar diferencias en la motilidad y la morfología espermática entre los grupos (Acacia rigidula AR, Havardia pallens HP y Medicago sativa CON) se obtuvieron frecuencias y porcentajes que se compararon mediante la prueba de Kruskal-Wallis. Además, se realizó un análisis de varianza entre los tres grupos para establecer diferencias de las características bromatológicas, metabolitos secundarios y la circunferencia escrotal. Los resultados obtenidos muestran diferencias en el contenido de proteína cruda y de pared celular (p < 0.05). La concentración de compuestos secundarios fue distinta entre los grupos (p < 0.05) así como también la motilidad masal (escala de cinco puntos, p < 0.05). Por lo tanto, se concluye que el uso de las arbustivas como HP y AR se puede ofrecer en un porcentaje del 35% sin afectar la morfología espermática en machos caprinos. Futuras investigaciones pueden probar niveles superiores al 35% y en animales adultos pues no existen trabajos hasta el momento que evalúen el efecto de dicha inclusión.
Criptococosis mucocutánea del plano nasal en un perro: reporte de caso
Authors: Leyva-Zapata Luis Mario , Palomares-Rangel José Luis , Guevara-Mata Ana Cecilia , Calvillo-Huereca Elva Karina , Carvajal-de la Fuente Verónica
Published: October 2023

Se presenta caso de paciente canino mestizo macho de 5 años con historia de deformidad facial por abultamiento en plano nasal con diagnóstico presuntivo de neoplasia intranasal. Se solicitó biopsia incisional para estudio histopatológico que reveló dermatitis piogranulomatosa severa zonalmente extensiva con presencia de estructuras levaduriformes encapsuladas compatibles con Cryptococcus sp. Se realizó cultivo micológico donde se aisló Cryptococcus sp. La terapia con fluconazol por 65 días resultó efectiva con resolución de signos clínicos. El paciente ha permanecido asintomático durante más de un año después de haber finalizado la terapia. De acuerdo con la literatura revisada, este es el primer caso de criptococosis reportado en un perro del estado de Tamaulipas, México.
Primer reporte de Salmonella enterica subespecie enterica serotipo Hayindogo en canales de bovino en México
Authors: Suástegui-Urquijo Zaydy , Barrios-García Hugo B. , Hernández-Castro Rigoberto , Martínez-Vázquez Ana V. , Navarro-Ocaña Armando , Xicohtencatl-Cortes Juan , Vázquez Villanueva José
Published: October 2023

La salmonelosis representa una de las principales Enfermedades Transmitidas por los Alimentos (ETA), asociada a una variedad de productos. Salmonella puede generar patologías agudas en diversas especies animales y el humano. El objetivo del presente estudio fue detectar la presencia de Salmonella spp. y la diversidad de serovares de S. enterica subespecie enterica a partir de canales de bovino para abasto. Durante siete meses se tomaron 94 muestras obtenidas de un rastro Tipo Inspección Federal (TIF) en el noreste de México. De las 94 muestras, seis (6.4%) fueron positivas a Salmonella spp. Los aislamientos fueron identificados utilizando el sistema Vitek 2, MALDI-TOF MS, y se confirmaron mediante PCR utilizando el gen invA. De los seis aislamientos se identificaron los serotipos S. Anatum (33.3%), S. Cerro (16.7%), S. Montevideo (16.7%) S. Muenster (16.7%) y S. Hayindogo (16.7%). Sólo se detectó resistencia fenotípica a trimetoprim/sulfametoxazol en la cepa de S. Muenster. En México, no se tiene reportes del serotipo Hayindogo, por lo que éste sería el primer hallazgo publicado para esta serovariedad de Salmonella, y para el serotipo Montevideo sería la primera detección en canales de bovino.
Criteria and Challenges of Inclusive Design In The Built Environment
Authors: Abdelkarim Shimaa , Ahmad Ahmad Mohammad , Zahrah Janet , Makhoul Nancy , Al-Nuaimi Maryam , Naji Khalid
Published: October 2023

Inclusive design is about designing accessible spaces for individuals with different needs. It beholds the ability to affect people's behaviour in the built environment, especially People With Disability (PWDs). Inclusive design aims to remove the barriers that hinder the accessibility and interaction of PWDs within their surroundings, enabling equal opportunities and expanding the scope of their activities. Ensuring an inclusive environment is the responsibility of architects, planners, engineers and facility managers. It is essential to ensure that buildings' design and operation align with inclusive principles through regular assessments. Many comprehensive assessment tools have been developed by scholars and used in the industry. Still, when issues arise like insufficient funding, the decision-makers should be able to prioritize inclusive design criteria in a defined assessment checklist. Addressing accessibility at the building level is particularly important to provide a suitable environment that facilitates users' interaction with the built environment. This study aims to identify prioritized accessibility assessment criteria for PWDs in higher education facilities through the lens of experts and to provide justifications for selecting the highest and lowest priorities. A targeted sampling methodology was adopted for the semi-structured interviews. Findings include a list of the highest and lowest prioritized criteria, identification of criteria with significant differences, justifications for selections and a close-up look into the influence of experts' experience on the criteria rankings. Furthermore, this paper provides insight into significant inclusive design criteria for improved FM decision-making processes and the strategy for managing the challenges of inclusive design in new and existing facilities.
Duality of Lean Construction and Building Information Modeling into Digital Collaborative Scheduling in Qatar: A Conceptual Framework
Authors: Gunduz Murat , Naji Khalid , Naser Ayman Fahmi
Published: October 2023

Long has the construction industry been chastised for its low production performance. Building Information Modelling (BIM) and Lean Construction (LC) are two of the most widely adopted concepts in the construction industry for improving project delivery performance. LC is a complex blend of project management principles and tools whose origins can be traced to the automobile manufacturing industry. BIM refers to the technologies and processes that allow for the effective management of project information from inception to deconstruction. There are significant positive synergies when LC and BIM are implemented together. Nonetheless, these two concepts are frequently managed and implemented by separate teams within client, design, and construction organizations. This is largely due to the LC and BIM teams' lack of awareness and incorrect biases. Collaboration between the LC and BIM teams is necessary for BIM to facilitate LC principles/tools and for LC to enhance BIM processes in order to maximize the synergy between these two concepts. Globally, this is also a major concern for the industry. The objective of this research is to develop a collaborative digital model that facilitates the integration of BIM and LC teams in the construction industry. These objectives will comprise the proposed research on literature-based understanding of the collaboration dynamics between various teams. Document and map the two-way synergy between LC and BIM in design and construction management based on the literature, workshops and interview with expertise. Understanding the requirements for a digital, interactive, collaborative tool that will allow both LC and BIM teams to improve their processes. It is a conceptual and digital tool that may be referred to as a "LC and BIM translator."
Precarious Employment in Canada
Authors: Ornstein Michael
Published: October 2023

Detailed analysis of Statistics Canada Labour Force Survey shows the complex relationship between the different types of non-standard employment, including non-permanent jobs, self-employment, part-time work and low pay. Term and contract work has increased substantially since 1997, but there is no corresponding decrease in permanent jobs or increase in part-time or low wage jobs. The different forms of non-standard employment are concentrated in specific population groups, including women in part-time and low wage jobs, university graduates and younger workers in term and contract jobs, and older workers in self-employment. But precarious employment is much more strongly related to occupation and industry than to workers’ characteristics. There are some provincial differences, while firm and establishment size and unionization have small effects on non-standard employment. These findings cast doubt on the dominant narrative of precarious employment.
“In this line of work, boundaries are important”: Occupational Stress and the Well-being of Community Parole Officers During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Norman Mark , Ricciardelli Rosemary , Maier Katharina
Published: October 2023

The COVID-19 pandemic has significantly changed how correctional systems, including parole processes, work and function. As essential workers, parole officers continued to work through the pandemic, despite the upheaval to their typical occupational routines. Through these challenging times, they worked to meet the needs of parolees; yet, the challenges brought on by the pandemic caused considerable stress and created new occupational risks and vulnerabilities. Drawing on interviews with 54 community parole officers in Canada, this paper identifes these challenges and stressors. Specifically, we identify three COVID-19 related occupational stressors salient across interviewees’ narratives: (1) Changes to workload, routines, and work-life boundaries; (2) Effects of decarceration policies; and (3) Navigating support and supervision in the face of added health risks and reduced ability to interact with clients. Drawing on studies of occupational stress in community correctional work, we make several recommendations for correctional services in building a resilient (post) pandemic parole system.
Performance Assessment of QoS metrics in Software Defined Networking using Floodlight Controller
Authors: Hamad Diyar Jamal , Yalda Khirota Gorgees , ÈšÄƒpuÈ™ Nicolae
Published: October 2023

The quality of service is not the same in all parts of the network. Some areas experience a low level and others a higher level of fixed quality services. The shortcomings in legacy networks encouraged researchers to find a new paradigm of the network to obviate legacy networks' deficiencies. The effort to create network services is called Quality of Service (QoS). Software-Defined Networking (SDN) focuses on separating the control layer from the data layer, and their communication is done through a central controller named SDN controller. After separation, the data layer moves the packets through the network according to the commands it receives from the controller. The controller obtains applications (QoS requests), translates them to low-level instructions, and implements them in the data layer. In this paper, we create an infrastructure for Quality of Service (QoS) in tree topology using a meter table per flow in Software Defined Networking Floodlight open-source controller. Meters are introduced into the OpenFlow protocol version 1.3, which calculates the packet rates allocated to them and allows control of those packet rates. Meters are directly connected to flow entry. Any flow entry can determine a meter in its command collection, which calculates and supervises the sum of all flow entries to which it is connected. When we get statistics from the meter table in each switch, we manage the network and affect the routing algorithms.
Feature Selection to Enhance DDoS Detection Using Hybrid N-Gram Heuristic Techniques
Authors: Maslan Andi , Mohamad Kamaruddin Malik Bin , Hamid Abdul , Pangaribuan Hotma , Sitohang Sunarsan
Published: October 2023

Various forms of distributed denial of service (DDoS) assault systems and servers, including traffic overload, request overload, and website breakdowns. Heuristic-based DDoS attack detection is a combination of anomaly-based and pattern-based methods, and it is one of three DDoS attack detection techniques available. The pattern-based method compares a sequence of data packets sent across a computer network using a set of criteria. However, it cannot identify modern assault types, and anomaly-based methods take advantage of the habits that occur in a system. However, this method is difficult to apply because the accuracy is still low, and the false positives are relatively high. Therefore, this study proposes feature selection based on Hybrid N-Gram Heuristic Techniques. The research starts with the conversion process, package extract, and hex payload analysis, focusing on the HTTP protocol. The results show the Hybrid N-Gram Heuristic-based feature selection for the CIC-2017 dataset with the SVM algorithm on the CSDPayload+N-Gram feature with a 4-Gram accuracy rate of 99.86%, MIB- Dataset 2016 with the 2016 algorithm. SVM and CSPayload feature +N-Gram with 100% accuracy for 4-Gram, H2N-Payload Dataset with SVM Algorithm, and CSDPayload+N-Gram feature with 100% accuracy for 4-Gram. As a comparison, the KNN algorithm for 4-Gram has an accuracy rate of 99.44%, and the Neural Network Algorithm has an accuracy rate of 100% for 4-Gram. Thus, the best algorithm for DDoS detection is SVM with Hybrid N-Gram (4-Gram).
Verification of Ph.D. Certificate using QR Code on Blockchain Ethereum
Authors: Noorhizama Nur Khairunnisa , Abdullah Zubaile , Kasim Shahreen , A Hamid Isredza Rahmi , Mat Isa Mohd Anuar
Published: October 2023

One of the major challenges the university faces is to provide real-time verification of their student's degree certification upon request by other parties. Conventional verification systems are typically costly, time-consuming and bureaucratic against certificate credential misconduct. In addition, the forgery of graduation degree certificates has become more efficient due to easy-to-use scanning, editing, and printing technologies. Therefore, this research proposes verifying Ph.D. certificates using QR codes on the Ethereum blockchain to address certificate verification challenges. Blockchain technology ensures tamper-proof and decentralized management of degree certificates as the certificates stored on the blockchain are replicated across the network. The issuance of certificates requires the use of the issuer's private key, thus preventing forgery. The system was developed using Solidity for the smart contract, PHP, HTML/CSS for the web-based implementation, and MetaMask for blockchain integration. User testing confirmed the successful implementation and functionality of the system. Users can add, update, and delete certificates, generate and scan QR codes, and receive instant verification feedback. The verification system effectively meets all requirements, providing a robust solution for validating Ph.D. certificates. Future research may focus on scalability and adoption, privacy and data protection, user experience, and integration with existing systems. Other researchers can optimize the verification system for widespread adoption and utilization by exploring these areas. This research contributes to securing and efficiently verifying academic certificates using QR codes on the Ethereum blockchain. Ultimately, this work advances the field of certificate verification and promotes trust in academic credentials.
433Mhz based Robot using PID (Proportional Integral Derivative) for Precise Facing Direction
Authors: Hariyadi Mokhamad Amin , Fadila Juniardi Nur , Sifaulloh Hafizzudin
Published: October 2023

This research endeavor aims to evaluate the effectiveness of the robot's direction control system by employing PID (Proportional Integral Derivative) output and utilizing wireless communication LoRa E32 433MHz. The experimental robot used in this study was a tank model robot equipped with 4 channels of control. LoRa was implemented in the robot control system, in conjunction with an Android control application, through serial data communication. The LoRa E32 module system was selected based on its established reliability in long-range communication applications. However, encountered challenges included the sluggishness of data transmission when using LoRa for transferring control data and the decreased performance of the robot under Non-Line of Sight conditions. To overcome these challenges, the PID method was employed to generate control data for the robot, thereby minimizing the error associated with controlling its movements. The PID system utilized feedback from a compass sensor (HMC5883L) to evaluate the setpoint data transmitted by the user, employing Kp, Ki, and Kd in calculations to enable smooth movements toward the setpoint. The findings of this study regarding the direct control of the robot using wireless LoRa E32 communication demonstrated an error range of 0.6% to 13.34%. A trial-and-error approach for control variables determined the optimal values for Kp, Ki, and Kd as 10, 0.1, and 1.5, respectively. Future investigations can integrate additional methodologies to precisely and accurately determine the PID constants (Kp, Ki, and Kd) mathematically.
Development of IoT Control System Prototype for Flood Prevention in Bandung Area
Authors: Permatasari Yessy , Firdaus M Ridwan , Zuhdi Hafidh , Fakhrurroja Hanif , Musnansyah Ahmad
Published: October 2023

Bandung is one of the areas with high rainfall that can increase the volume of river water, which, if not handled properly, has the potential for significant floods that can cause material damage and loss of life. With this problem, the authors' rationale for designing a control system for flood prevention. This system develops prototypes using Internet of Things technology and fuzzy logic. For Internet of Things technology, the author uses Arduino, which controls sensors and actuators, while Raspberry Pi is used to process data. In addition, the author uses ultrasonic sensors to measure the water level and a water pump to control the water level. So, if the water level exceeds the specified limit, the pump will move the water to another place, in this prototype, using an aquarium. For fuzzy logic, the criteria used are dry, filled, and full. In addition, this system is equipped with a website-based dashboard used to monitor real-time data from the sensor. The results of this study indicate the system is running well, with an average error of 32.2%. This indicates that the system has been well designed because the errors obtained are feasible to be minor, although there are several influencing factors, such as prototype construction and sensor readings. Thus, this prototype can be applied as a reference for making a real system for flood control.
GİRİŞİMCİ BİR LİDER OLARAK ATATÜRK
Authors: PAYZIN Levent , ESMER Yusuf
Published: October 2023

Türkiye Cumhuriyeti’nin kurucusu Mustafa Kemal Atatürk ekonomik, sosyal, kültürel ve sanatsal olmak üzere birçok alanda girişimlerde bulunarak girişimci bir lider olduğunu göstermiştir. Ancak Atatürk ve liderlik ilişkisine yönelik akademik araştırmalar yapılmış olmakla birlikte Atatürk’ün girişimci liderlik yönünü vurgulayan araştırmaya rastlanılmamıştır. Bu çalışmanın amacı, girişimci liderlik bağlamında Atatürk’ün özelliklerini ve faaliyetlerini incelemektir. Bu amaç doğrultusunda çalışmada nitel araştırma yöntemi kapsamında kavramsal araştırma tekniği kullanılmaktadır. Bu bağlamda çalışma üç kısımdan oluşmaktadır. Birinci kısımda Atatürk’ün kişisel özellikleri, sözleri ve örnek davranışlarından hareketle girişimcilik yönü ve benimsediği girişimcilik modeli, ikinci kısımda bir birey olarak Atatürk’ün girişimleri, üçüncü kısımda ise Atatürk Dönemi’nde girişimcilere verilen destekler açıklanmaktadır. Sonuç olarak, Atatürk’ün ticari, sosyal, tarımsal ve politik gibi birçok girişimcilik yaklaşımını aynı anda içerisinde barındıran bir girişimcilik modelini benimsediğini söylemek mümkündür. Bu çalışmanın Atatürk’ün girişimci liderlik yönünün ortaya koyması noktasında literatüre katkı sağlayacağı düşünülmekle birlikte Atatürk’ün girişimcilik modelinin günümüz iş dünyası, ekonomi yönetimi ve akademiye yol göstereceği beklenmektedir.
Pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic aspects of combined use of glycyrrhizinic acid
Authors: Prikhodko V. A. , Okovityi S. V.
Published: October 2023

Glycyrrhizinic acid is a triterpenoid plant-derived compound with potent antisteatotic, anticytolitic, anti-inflammatory, antifibrotic, anticholestatic as well as antiapoptotic, antineoplastic and some other effects. Recent studies have demonstrated glycyrrhizinic acid to form supramolecular self-associates and micelles, which makes it a pharmacokinetic, and, hence, a pharmacodynamic enhancer. Thus, the prospects and possibilities of combined use of glycyrrhizinic acid in liver disease and other pathologies arise due to the pharmacological properties of the molecule itself as well as its function as drug carrier and delivery enhancer. The present review is focused on the pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic features of glycyrrhizinic acid combinations with essential phospholipids and ursodeoxycholic acid.
Vitamin D: genetic regulation of inflammation in autoimmune, metabolic and microbial models
Authors: Loshkova E. V. , Kondratyeva E. I. , Khavkin A. I. , Zhekaite E. K. , Kotova Yu. V. , Melyanovskaya Yu. L. , Erokhina M. I. , Yablokova E. A. , Zhelev V. A.
Published: October 2023

The study of cytokine production and its genetic regulation in diseases of various pathogenesis in childhood, which include several mechanisms of inflammation - this is autoimmune against the background of celiac disease, type 1 diabetes and CAI, lymphoproliferative against the background of oncohematological diseases, microbial-inflammatory against the background of chronic pyelonephritis and cystic fibrosis and metabolic against the background of obesity and a decrease in bone mineral density is necessary to expand understanding of pathogenesis, predict variants of the clinical course of diseases (clinical phenotypes) and complications, as well as response to therapy. The literature review is devoted to the analysis and interpretation of data on the effect of vitamin D supply and its genetic regulation on the course of diseases, combined according to the leading pathogenetic mechanism of inflammation into autoimmune, microbial, and lymphoproliferative models.
Differential diagnosis of cytolysis syndrome in a 4-year-old child
Authors: Kandoba O. N. , Gorbunov S. G.
Published: October 2023

Introduction. Cytolysis syndrome is a nonspecific reaction of hepatocytes to the action of damaging factors, which is based on a violation of the permeability of the membranes of liver cells and their organelles, which leads to the release of intracellular enzymes into the blood plasma. At the same time, damaging factors can be both infectious and non-infectious, which requires a differentiated approach when verifying the clinical diagnosis. Description of the case. The article considers a clinical case of a long-term observed cytolysis syndrome in a 4-year-old child, as well as a complex and lengthy step-by-step way of differential diagnosis of this condition, which eventually allowed to establish the correct diagnosis and determine the tactics of management of this patient. To do this, the patient not only underwent blood tests for markers of hepatitis C virus, aminotransferase and creatine phosphokinase, but also genetic studies in dynamics. Conclusion. The authors draw attention to the fact that not every increase in the activity of aminotransferases is a manifestation of viral hepatitis. anamnesis should be carefully collected and an in-depth laboratory examination should be carried out to verify the cause of the developed cytolysis syndrome.
Energy Router Applications in the Electric Power System
Authors:   Centre for Energy Research and Training, Ahmadu Bello University (A.B.U), Zaria Nigeria, Umar Bashir Musa
Published: October 2023

Energy router is being investigated to replace conventional transformer in the electric grid. Improvement so far observed in use of converter makes possible the intelligent integration between systems with different characteristics’ in terms of frequency and voltage levels as well as exploitation of generation sources and storage systems typically operating in DC. Consequently, it is believed that Energy Router is able to interconnect different portions of electrical networks and at different voltage levels and types. The Energy Router is an assembly of converters isolated by a medium or high frequency transformer. In its design, different voltage levels and types are made available to achieve high results in terms of system integration, efficiency and flexibility. This paper evaluates the main potentials of this technology if widely introduced in the main power system. Starting from the single component description, a couple of possible applications are presented and discussed.
Depression as a predictor of sleep quality in health workers who faced the COVID-19 pandemic in Mexico
Authors: Garduño-Alanis Adriana , Becerril-Alarcón Yizel , Sosa-García Betsy C , Morales-González Lizbeth , Avilés-García Ángeles L , Alvarado-Bravo Blanca G , Mendieta-Zerón Hugo
Published: October 2023

Introduction: There is a relationship between depression and sleep quality; however, the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on this association is unknown, especially for those health workers who faced the pandemic. Therefore, we aimed to identify the association between depression and sleep quality in health workers who faced the COVID-19 pandemic.
Methods: A survey was performed on 150 health workers with at least 2 years of working tenure in a public maternal perinatal hospital in Mexico, between September and December 2021. Sociodemographic data, levels of sleep quality, depression, anxiety, and gastrointestinal function were obtained through a self-administered questionnaire. Cardiovascular risk was obtained according to age, lifestyle habits, blood pressure, anthropometry, body composition and biochemical measurements.
Results: Those with depression were 10.3 times more likely to have poor sleep quality compared to those without depression, adjusted for gastrointestinal function (95% CI 2.92 – 36.54, p<0.001). Those with depression were 7.23 times more likely to have poor sleep quality compared to those without depression, adjusted for gastrointestinal function, anxiety, and cardiovascular risk (95% CI 1.85-28.14, p<0.001).
Conclusion: Health workers’ depression should be considered a predictor of poor sleep quality, especially in those who faced the COVID-19 pandemic.
Movement figure Alash Khairetdin Bolganbaev: the role of personality in history
Authors:   L.N. Gumiliyov Eurasian National University, N.N. Elkey , T.S. Sadykov ,   L.N. Gumiliyov Eurasian National University
Published: October 2023

The study of the problems of the history of Kazakhstan at the beginning of the 20th century is one of the most urgent, most complex issues of modern domestic historiography. The beginning of the 20th century occupies a special place in the history of our country. A broad consideration of the issues of the socio-political history of the Kazakh people is closely connected with the intelligentsia, which was formed in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries and represents the interests of the Kazakh people. In this regard, the relevance of the article is due to the fact that at the present stage, the Republic of Kazakhstan often refers to the beginning of the 20th century, when the intelligentsia fought for independence, for the modernization of the consciousness of the traditional society, so the study of this experience will allow us to respond to many challenges of our time. If you look closely at the history of the twentieth century, then the Kazakh intelligentsia gave rise to many outstanding bright personalities, and one of them is Khairetdin Bolganbaev. The purpose of the article is to identify the participation and contribution of Kh. Bolganbaev in the reorganization and development of the Kazakh society at the beginning of the 20th century.