bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
In defence of mutuality as an ethical standard in sexual relationships: A Reply to Michael Hand and Michael Reiss
Authors: Lamb Sharon , Gable Samuel
Published: September 2022

Our 2021 article in Ethical Theory and Moral Practice argued that mutuality, defined as ‘loving attention’ towards a sexual partner, should be a moral standard for ethical sex. We specified that this loving attention should occur in the form of attempting to know what could be knowable about the other person and taking a ‘thick’ view of the other in their particular social and psychological contexts. We contrasted this orientation with the comparatively ‘thin’ view of people from a rights-based ethical perspective that claimed that individuals would have fulfilled their moral duty by acquiring free and informed consent from a partner. Michael Hand and Michael Reiss have responded to the article, and here we respond to their critiques.
Negotiating Place and Power through Union Grievance in Post‐War New York City Cafeterias
Authors: Figueroa Shayne Leslie
Published: September 2022

New York City School cafeterias in the American post‐war period are prisms through which we can understand struggles to assert new relations of power – in terms of gender, race and class. This article examines the documented grievances of rank‐and‐file cafeteria aides in New York City's Local 372 union and the importance of institutional carework as part of a longer legacy that informs our current moment. Letters of complaint sent by workers illustrate assertion of their rights as workers while they negotiated for control of their bodies, and identities within the realm of the cafeteria and a larger male‐dominated union framework.
Managing racism? Race equality and decolonial educational futures
Authors: Ali Suki
Published: September 2022

The Office for Students is now holding UK universities to account for their failures to address racial inequalities, and the Teaching Excellence Framework is bringing the student experience to the fore in assessing higher education institutions. Racial inequalities persist in spite of decades of legislation aiming to promote equality and end discrimination. The paper considers two main areas of racial equalities work, namely, (1) anti‐racist and (2) decolonial initiatives. It suggests that the rise of managerialism and in particular, audit cultures, have allowed racism to flourish in spite, or because of, the need to account for equality, diversity and inclusion in global markets for higher education. Auditing requires a focus on identities, and cannot take into account the complex ways in which race, race thinking and racism are maintained in knowledge production. The lack of consensus around what decolonial education should be undermines attempts to produce educational social justice. From a feminist postcolonial perspective, the paper suggests that recentralizing racism and reengaging difference offer an important way to negotiate more just educational futures.
Toxicology presentations to a tertiary unit in New South Wales during the COVID‐19 pandemic first wave: A retrospective comparison study
Authors: Ng Rachel WC , Emmerig David , Salter Mark Daniel , Shetty Amith , Gunja Naren
Published: September 2022

Objective

To compare presentation numbers, class of exposure, poison severity score (PSS) and drugs ingested by patients in a tertiary toxicology service during the first wave of the COVID‐19 pandemic to the corresponding time periods in 2018 and 2019.

Methods

A retrospective cohort observational study of patients admitted or consulted to the Western Sydney Toxicology Service (WSTS) from ED during February to May in 2018–2020. Patient age, sex, triage category, time and date of arrival, mode of arrival, type of poisoning, discharge location, length of stay and PSS were collected from WSTS database and electronic medical records. The total number of ED presentations, hospital admissions and toxicology admissions were gathered from hospital‐based data services.

Results

There was an overall increase in toxicology presentations in February to May 2020 (n = 441) compared to 2019 (n = 333) and 2018 (n = 255). The daily rate of presentations increased in March to May 2020 with an overall rate ratio of 1.42, 95% confidence interval 1.23–1.63, P < 0.001. There was an increase in presentations across all drug types. From March to April 2020, there was significantly higher number of daily presentations for recreational drugs use compared to 2018.

Conclusion

There was a relative increase in toxicology presentations during the COVID‐19 pandemic compared to an overall decrease in presentations to ED. Recreational drug use increased significantly during the pandemic compared to 2018.
Single injection combined suprascapular and axillary nerve block: A randomised controlled non‐inferiority trial in healthy volunteers
Authors: Steen‐Hansen Christian , Madsen Mikkel H. , Lange Kai H. W. , Lundstrøm Lars H. , Rothe Christian
Published: September 2022

Background

A shoulder block without lung affection is desirable. In this study, we compared a low versus a high volume of a modified supraclavicular brachial plexus block. We hypothesised that a low volume of local anaesthetic would provide non‐inferior block success rate with better preserved lung function.

Methods

Healthy volunteers were randomised to receive ultrasound guided 5 or 20 ml ropivacaine 0.5% at the departure of the suprascapular nerve from the brachial plexus. Primary outcome was successful shoulder block—defined as cutaneous sensory affection of the axillary nerve and motor affection of the suprascapular nerve (>50% reduction in external rotation force measured with dynamometry). We used a non‐inferiority margin of 20%. Secondary outcome was change in lung function measured with spirometry.

Results

Thirteen of 16 (81.3%; 95% confidence interval [CI] 57.0% to 93.4%) in the 5 ml group and 15 of 16 (93.8%; 95% CI 71.7% to 98.9%) in the 20 ml group had successful shoulder block (p = .6). The ratio of the event rates of the 20 ml (standard) and 5 ml (intervention) groups was (15/16)/(13/16) = 0.937/0.813 = 1.15 (95% CI 0.88 to 1.51). All mean reductions in lung function parameters were non‐significantly lower in the 5 ml group compared with the 20 ml group.

Conclusion

For our primary outcome, the 95% CI of the difference of event ratio included the non‐inferiority margin. We are therefore unable to conclude that 5 ml LA is non‐inferior to 20 ml LA with respect to block success rate.
Unsettling Migrant Reintegration: The Serial Risk‐Taking of Returning Overseas Filipino Workers (OFWs) to Cordillera, Philippines
Authors: Banta Vanessa L.
Published: September 2022

In 2017, the Philippine government boosted its campaign on Overseas Filipino Worker (OFW) reintegration, a set of programmes designed to aid returning Filipino labour migrants. In this paper, I examine migrant reintegration through the case of returned migrants to the province of Benguet, Philippines. Rather than use “sustainability of return” as main focus of assessment, I foreground instead the historical geographies undergirding the current reiteration of this migration policy. By doing so, I demonstrate how the “gambling” practices of returned migrants can be read as not an easy acquiescence to the neoliberal imperative for self‐entrepreneurship encouraged by the Philippine state. In highlighting gambling as an embodied strategy emerging from and through imperial histories, I argue that migrant reintegration gets revealed as rehearsal of certain colonial logics that have oriented certain peoples to the labour of serial risk taking for survival. Close attention to return migrants’ gambling practices raises urgent questions regarding the relentless push for entrepreneurship as development solution.
Positron emission tomography derived metrics in relapsed or refractory large B‐cell lymphoma with residual disease before autologous stem cell transplant
Authors: Cherng Hua‐Jay J. , Xu Guofan , Feng Lei , Steiner Raphael , Fayad Luis , Strati Paolo , Nair Ranjit , Nastoupil Loretta J. , Lee Hun Ju , Neelapu Sattva S. , Flowers Christopher R. , Rodriguez Maria , Wang Michael , Hagemeister Fredrick , Pinnix Chelsea C. , Ramdial Jeremy , Srour Samer , Nieto Yago , Rezvani Katayoun , Champlin Richard , Kebriaei Partow , Westin Jason , Macapinlac Homer A. , Shpall Elizabeth , Ahmed Sairah
Published: September 2022

Salvage chemotherapy followed by high‐dose chemotherapy and autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT) is a potentially curative treatment for patients with relapsed or refractory large B‐cell lymphoma (rrLBCL) with chemosensitive disease. A18F‐fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (PET) scan after salvage chemotherapy is used to assess response and eligibility for ASCT, but metrics for chemosensitivity in patients with residual disease are not well defined. We performed a single‐centre retrospective analysis of 92 patients with a partial response or stable disease after salvage chemotherapy for rrLBCL who received ASCT to investigate PET‐derived parameters and their prognostic utility. The Deauville 5‐point Scale (D‐5PS) score, maximum standardised uptake value (SUVmax), total metabolic tumour volume (TMTV), and total lesion glycolysis (TLG) were calculated from the post‐salvage/pre‐ASCT PET scan. The 5‐year progression‐free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) rates were 40% and 54% respectively. A D‐5PS score of 5 (p = 0.0082, hazard ratio [HR] 2.09), high SUVmax (p = 0.0015, HR 2.48), TMTV (p = 0.035, HR 1.83) and TLG (p = 0.0036, HR 2.27) were associated with inferior PFS. A D‐5PS score of 5 (p = 0.030, HR 1.98) and high SUVmax (p = 0.0025, HR 2.55) were associated with inferior OS. PET‐derived parameters may help prognosticate outcomes after ASCT in patients with rrLBCL with residual disease after salvage chemotherapy.
Compromised item detection: A Bayesian change‐point perspective
Authors: Du Yang , Zhang Susu , Chang Hua‐Hua
Published: September 2022

Psychometric methods for accurate and timely detection of item compromise have been a long‐standing topic. While Bayesian methods can incorporate prior knowledge or expert inputs as additional information for item compromise detection, they have not been employed in item compromise detection itself. The current study proposes a two‐phase Bayesian change‐point framework for both stationary and real‐time detection of changes in each item's compromise status. In Phase I, a stationary Bayesian change‐point model for compromise detection is fitted to the observed responses over a specified time‐frame. The model produces parameter estimates for the change‐point of each item from uncompromised to compromised, as well as structural parameters accounting for the post‐change response distribution. Using the post‐change model identified in Phase I, the Shiryaev procedure for sequential testing is employed in Phase II for real‐time monitoring of item compromise. The proposed methods are evaluated in terms of parameter recovery, detection accuracy, and detection efficiency under various simulation conditions and in a real data example. The proposed method also showed superior detection accuracy and efficiency compared to the cumulative sum procedure.
Cutaneous sarcoidosis mimicking pigmented purpuric dermatosis
Authors: Sauvageau Andrew P. , Oulee Aislyn , Huang Yuan Yu , Patel Rajiv M. , Hamp Leela
Published: September 2022

Abstract

Sarcoidosis is a systemic inflammatory disorder characterized by the formation of non‐caseating granulomas. Cutaneous involvement of sarcoidosis is common and has a wide variety of clinical presentations. Herein, we present a case of cutaneous sarcoidosis mimicking pigmented purpuric dermatosis (PPD) in a 26‐year‐old female treated with topical tofacitinib cream and a literature review of all other reported cases of cutaneous sarcoidosis with PPD‐like features.
Preschoolers prior formal mathematics education engage numerical magnitude representation rather than counting principles in symbolic ±1 arithmetic: Evidence from the operational momentum effect
Authors: Haman Maciej , Lipowska Katarzyna
Published: September 2022

In numerical cognition research, the operational momentum (OM) phenomenon (tendency to overestimate the results of addition and/or binding addition to the right side and underestimating subtraction and/or binding it to the left side) can help illuminate the most basic representations and processes of mental arithmetic and their development. This study is the first to demonstrate OM in symbolic arithmetic in preschoolers. It was modeled on Haman and Lipowska's (2021) non‐symbolic arithmetic task, using Arabic numerals instead of visual sets. Seventy‐seven children (4–7 years old) who know Arabic numerals and counting principles (CP), but without prior school math education, solved addition and subtraction problems presented as videos with one as the second operand. In principle, such problems may be difficult when involving a non‐symbolic approximate number processing system, whereas in symbolic format they can be solved based solely on the successor/predecessor functions and knowledge of numerical orders, without reference to representation of numerical magnitudes. Nevertheless, participants made systematic errors, in particular, overestimating results of addition in line with the typical OM tendency. Moreover, subtraction and addition induced longer response times when primed with left‐ and right‐directed movement, respectively, which corresponds to the reversed spatial form of OM. These results largely replicate those of non‐symbolic task and show that children at early stages of mastering symbolic arithmetic may rely on numerical magnitude processing and spatial‐numerical associations rather than newly‐mastered CP and the concept of an exact number.
European mushroom assemblages are phylogenetically structured by temperature
Authors: Bässler Claus , Heilmann‐Clausen Jacob , Andrew Carrie , Boddy Lynne , Büntgen Ulf , Diez Jeffrey , Heegaard Einar , Egli Simon , Gange Alan C. , Halvorsen Rune , Kauserud Håvard , Kirk Paul M. , Krisai‐Greilhuber Irmgard , Kuyper Thomas W. , Nordén Jenni , Senn‐Irlet Beatrice , Krah Franz‐Sebastian
Published: September 2022

Recent global warming affects species compositions at an unprecedented rate. To predict climate‐induced changes in species assemblages, a better understanding of the link between species occurrence and climate is needed. Macrofungal fruit body assemblages are correlated with the thermal environment at the European scale. However, it is still unknown whether macrofungal communities are also phylogenetically structured by thermal environments. Thermal environments are characterized by annual temperature means but also by intra‐annual temperature variability (hereafter termed temperature seasonality), which are both considered in this study. Here, we used distribution data of 2882 species based on fruit body records across Europe to address two main questions: 1) are mushroom assemblages at the extremes of the mean (warm and cold) and seasonal (high intra‐annual variability, i.e. continental) climate gradient phylogenetically more similar than expected (phylogenetic alpha diversity); 2) are mushroom assemblages, that are subject to different mean and seasonal temperature conditions, composed of different lineages (phylogenetic beta diversity). Our phylogenetic alpha diversity analysis shows that mushroom assemblages are phylogenetically structured by warm and cold environments, indicating that phylogenetically related species with similar traits thrive under more extreme conditions. In contrast, assemblages are phylogenetically more dissimilar (overdispersed) in temperature seasonal environments, indicating limiting similarity. Phylogenetic beta diversity was significantly correlated with mean and seasonal temperature differences, a response mainly driven by a few genera. Our results show that macrofungal assemblages are phylogenetically structured by temperature across Europe, suggesting phylogenetically constrained specialization towards temperature extremes. Predicted anthropogenic warming is likely to affect species composition and phylogenetic diversity with additional consequences for the carbon‐ and nutrient cycles.
Global patterns of illegal marine turtle exploitation
Authors: Senko Jesse F. , Burgher Kayla M. , del Mar Mancha‐Cisneros Maria , Godley Brendan J. , Kinan‐Kelly Irene , Fox Trevor , Humber Frances , Koch Volker , Smith Andrew T. , Wallace Bryan P.
Published: September 2022

Human exploitation of wildlife for food, medicine, curios, aphrodisiacs, and spiritual artifacts represents a mounting 21st‐century conservation challenge. Here, we provide the first global assessment of illegal marine turtle exploitation across multiple spatial scales (i.e., Regional Management Units [RMUs] and countries) by collating data from peer‐reviewed studies, grey literature, archived media reports, and online questionnaires of in‐country experts spanning the past three decades. Based on available information, we estimate that over 1.1 million marine turtles were exploited between 1990 and 2020 against existing laws prohibiting their use in 65 countries or territories and in 44 of the world's 58 marine turtle RMUs, with over 44,000 turtles exploited annually over the past decade. Exploitation across the 30‐year period primarily consisted of green (56%) and hawksbill (39%) turtles when identified by species, with hawksbills (67%) and greens (81%) comprising the majority of turtles exploited in the 1990s and 2000s, respectively, and both species accounting for similar levels of exploitation in the 2010s. Although there were no clear overarching trends in the magnitude or spatial patterns of exploitation across the three decades, there was a 28% decrease in reported exploitation from the 2000s to the 2010s. The 10 RMUs with the highest exploitation in the 2010s included seven green and three hawksbill turtle RMUs, with most reported exploitation occurring in RMUs that typically exhibit a low risk of population decline or loss of genetic diversity. Over the past decade, the number of RMUs with “moderate” or “high” exploitation impact scores decreased. Our assessment suggests that illegal exploitation appears to have declined over the past decade and, with some exceptions, is primarily occurring in large, stable, and genetically diverse marine turtle populations.
Advanced proof testing for structural ceramics
Authors: Jadaan Osama , Nemeth Noel , Baker Eric
Published: September 2022

Proof testing is used to remove weak ceramic components from a manufactured batch in turn truncating the lower end of the strength‐failure probability distribution. With proof testing, components are subjected to stresses comparable to those observed during service load histories resulting in the remaining ones having assured minimum reliabilities. The degree to which the reliability of the remaining parts is assured depends on the proof test protocol, which includes multiple variables such as stress level, realistic sampling of flaws, complex geometries, multiaxial stresses, transient loading histories, time‐dependent damage due to slow crack growth and/or fatigue, and change in material behavior due to temperature and/or environmental conditions. This paper advances the early work done on proof test theory, which was limited to simple stress states, to include general stress and material states. The theory introduced in this paper takes into account practical conditions often encountered in industrial applications. This advanced proof test theory was coded into the CARES/Life code (Ceramics Analysis and Reliability Evaluation of Structures/Life). Examples are provided to demonstrate the theory.
Choosing the best way for urinary decompression and developing a novel predictive model for septic shock using SOFA in these patients
Authors: Law Yu Xi Terence , Shen Liang , Khor Vincent Wei Sheng , Chen Weiren , Chen Wei Jing Kelven , Durai Pradeep , Gauhar Vineet , Lie Kwok Ying , Lee King Chien Joe
Published: September 2022

Objectives

To identify predictive factors for the development of sepsis/septic shock postdecompression of calculi‐related ureteric obstruction using the Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score and to compare clinical outcomes and odd risk ratios of patients developing sepsis/septic shock following the insertion of percutaneous nephrostomy (PCN) versus insertion of retrograde ureteral stenting (RUS).

Methods

Clinico‐epidemiological data of patients who underwent PCN and/or RUS in two institutions for calculi‐related ureteric obstruction were retrospectively collected from January 2014 to December 2020.

Results

537 patients (244 patients in PCN group, 293 patients in RUS group) from both institutions were eligible for analysis based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. Patients with PCN were generally older, had poorer Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group status, and larger obstructive ureteral calculi compared to patients with RUS. Patients with PCN had longer durations of fever, the persistence of elevated total white cell and creatinine, and longer hospitalization stays compared with patients who had undergone RUS. RUS up‐front has more unsuccessful interventions compared with PCN. There were no significant differences in the change in SOFA score postintervention between the two interventions. In multivariate analysis, the higher temperature just prior to the intervention (adjusted odds ratio [OR]: 2.039, p = 0.003) and Cardiovascular SOFA score of 1 (adjusted OR:4.037, p = 0.012) were significant independent prognostic factors for the development of septic shock postdecompression of ureteral obstruction.

Conclusions

Our study reveals that both interventions have similar overall risk of urosepsis, septic shock and mortality rate. Despite a marginally higher risk of failure, RUS should be considered in patients with lower procedural risk. Patients going for PCN should be counseled for a longer stay. Post‐HDU/‐ICU monitoring, inotrope support postdecompression should be considered for patients with elevated temperature within 1 h preintervention and cardiovascular SOFA score of 1.
Staff attitudes and perceptions towards the use of coercive measures in psychiatric patients
Authors: Galbert Ilya , Azab Abed N. , Kaplan Zeev , Nusbaum Lika
Published: September 2022

The failure of efforts to significantly reduce the use of physical coercive measures (PCMs) in psychiatric hospitals remains a global concern. There is a gap in the understanding of staff's characteristics that may affect their attitudes and perceptions towards PCMs. This study used a cross‐sectional design to examine the attitudes and perceptions of staff working at a mental health centre in Israel regarding the use of PCMs and to explore whether staff attitudes differed depending on their professional and demographic background. This study also sought to explore staff willingness to accept a policy of reducing the use of PCMs. The data were collected from 149 staff members (nurses, physicians, and auxiliary staff) working at mental health centre, using a questionnaire developed for this study. The findings indicate a low degree of support for use of PCMs among participants who were older, female, more qualified psychiatric nurses, with longer duration of employment, and those who have not participated in coercive intervention in the past year. The majority of the sample reported a low willingness to reduce the use of PCMs, and a lack of institutional support after participating in a coercive event. High hospital occupancy and insufficient staffing were perceived as contributing factors to coercive incidents. Therefore, availability of trained and experienced staff, elimination of organizational barriers, along with creating and maintaining a safe clinical environment should be a priority. Alternative non‐coercive interventions should further be taught and used for managing aggressive and violent behaviour in the psychiatric clinical settings.
Impact of respiratory viral infections on mortality and critical illness among hospitalized patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Authors: Mulpuru Sunita , Andrew Melissa K. , Ye Lingyun , Hatchette Todd , LeBlanc Jason , El‐Sherif May , MacKinnon‐Cameron Donna , Aaron Shawn D. , Alvarez Gonzalo G. , Forster Alan J. , Ambrose Ardith , McNeil Shelly A. ,   the Serious Outcomes Surveillance and Canadian Immunization Research Network (CIRN) Investigators
Published: September 2022

Background

Seasonal respiratory viral infections are associated with exacerbations and morbidity among patients with COPD. The real‐world clinical outcomes associated with seasonal viral infections are less well established among hospitalized patients.

Research Question

To estimate the association between seasonal respiratory viral infections, 30‐day mortality, and intensive care unit (ICU) admission among hospitalized COPD patients.

Study Design and Methods

We conducted an analysis of a national prospective multicenter cohort of COPD patients hospitalized with acute respiratory illness during winter seasons (2011–2015) in Canada. Nasopharyngeal swabs were performed on all patients at the onset of hospital admission for diagnosis of viral infection. Primary outcomes were 30‐day mortality and ICU admissions. Secondary outcomes included invasive/non‐invasive ventilation use.

Results

Among 3931 hospitalized patients with COPD, 28.5% (1122/3931) were diagnosed with seasonal respiratory viral infection. Viral infection was associated with increased admission to ICU (OR 1.5, 95% CI 1.2–1.9) and need for mechanical ventilation (OR 1.9, 95% CI 1.4–2.5), but was not associated with mortality (OR 1.1, 95% CI 0.8–1.4). Patients with respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) were equally likely to require ICU admission (OR 1.09, 95% CI 0.67–1.78), and more likely to need non‐invasive ventilation (OR 3.1; 95% CI 1.8–5.1) compared to patients with influenza.

Interpretation

Our results suggest COPD patients requiring hospitalization for respiratory symptoms should routinely receive viral testing at admission, especially for RSV and influenza, to inform prognosis, clinical management, and infection control practices during winter seasons. Patients with COPD will be an important target population for newly developed RSV therapeutics.

Clinical Trial Registration

ClinicalTrials.gov ID: NCT01517191.
Mn ions‐activated Gd3(Al,Ga)5O12 garnet solid‐solution ceramics: Cation substitution for dual wavelength red‐emission
Authors: Sun Bingheng , Jiang Benxue , Fan Jintai , Zhang Le , Zhang Long
Published: September 2022

Red‐emitting color‐convertors have attracted considerable attention for promising applications in solid‐state lighting (SSL) to improve color rendition. However, the current nitride and fluoride phosphor powders have encountered several challenges, such as high cost, narrow emission bands, and insufficient stability during operation, which limit the development of high‐power full‐spectrum SSL. In this study, thermally robust Gd3(Al,Ga)5O12:Mn (GAGG:Mn) solid‐solution ceramics (SSCs) with dual wavelength red‐emission bands were prepared via an oxygen solid‐state sintering reaction. The doped Mn ions occupied octahedral Al3+ and Ga3+ sites to generate Mn4+ luminescent centers with pronounced deep‐red emissions peaking at 698 nm (2E → 4A2), and Mn2+ luminescent centers with broad red emissions at 628 nm (4T1 → 6A1). Because the cationic radius matching effect induced the regulation of valence state of Mn, the photoluminescence of the GAGG:Mn SSCs can be tailored by the substitution of Al3+ with Ga3+. Moreover, the Mn3+ also existed in the GAGG lattice host, and their concentration decreased with increasing Ga3+ contents owing to the mismatch of ionic radius between Mn3+ and Ga3+ ions. With the optimization of Al/Ga ratio and concentration of Mn ions, a broad emission band ranging from 550 to 800 nm (bandwidth = 250 nm) was achieved from Gd3Al3Ga2O12:0.3%Mn SSCs upon 465‐nm excitation. Moreover, the GAGG:Mn SSC has over 17‐fold enhanced thermal conductivity compared with the corresponding phosphor powder. This paper opens a door of regulating the valence state of luminescence centers with cation substitution and the application of oxide red‐emitting color‐convertors.
Umbrella review: Newly graduated nurses' experiences of providing direct care in hospital settings
Authors: Kaldal Maiken Holm , Conroy Tiffany , Feo Rebecca , Grønkjær Mette , Voldbjerg Siri Lygum
Published: September 2022

Aim

To summarize existing research syntheses reporting newly graduated registered nurses' experiences of providing direct care in hospital settings.

Design

Umbrella review.

Data Sources

An extensive search of all relevant databases was conducted for research syntheses. Initial key terms included “new* nurse”, “nursing care” and “hospital setting” in combination with index terms to find relevant literature.

Methods

Critical appraisal, data extraction and summary were performed independently by two reviewers according to the Joanna Briggs Institute guidelines for undertaking umbrella reviews.

Results

Nine research syntheses published between 2010 and 2019 and representing 173 studies were included following critical appraisal. The evidence was summarized in narrative form with supporting tables. Twenty‐six sub‐branches and seven main‐branches were organized in a coding tree showing the structure of three overlapping themes: “Feeling a lack of competency”, “Sense of emotional distress” and “In need of support”.

Conclusions

Evidence demonstrates that newly graduated registered nurses' experiences of a lack of competency, emotional distress and need for support emerged as essential requirements for the provision of competent and safe direct care for the patient.

Impact

Newly graduated registered nurses face multiple challenges in the transition from student nurse to practicing nurse. Unmet expectations of being a newly graduated nurse might lead to low levels of job satisfaction, high attrition rates or missed nursing care. Nurse educators, leaders and policy makers should be mindful that newly graduated registered nurses' perceptions of professional and personal identity and degree of support influences newly graduated registered nurses' direct care provision.
Genetic and non‐genetic factors influencing KLH binding natural antibodies and specific antibody response to Newcastle disease in Kenyan chicken populations
Authors: Miyumo Sophie , Wasike Chrilukovian B. , Ilatsia Evans D. , Bennewitz Jörn , Chagunda Mizeck G.
Published: September 2022

This study aimed at investigating the influence of genetic and non‐genetic factors on immune traits to inform on possibilities of genetic improvement of disease resistance traits in local chicken of Kenya. Immune traits such as natural and specific antibodies are considered suitable indicators of an individual's health status and consequently, used as indicator traits of disease resistance. In this study, natural antibodies binding to Keyhole Limpet Hemocyanin (KLH‐NAbs) was used to measure general disease resistance. Specific antibodies binding to Newcastle disease virus (NDV‐IgG) post vaccination was used to measure specific disease resistance. Titers of KLH‐NAbs isotypes (KLH‐IgM, KLH‐IgG and KLH‐IgA) and NDV‐IgG were measured in 1,540 chickens of different ages ranging from 12 to 56 weeks. A general linear model was fitted to determine the effect of sex, generation, population type, phylogenetic cluster, line, genotype and age on the antibody traits. A multivariate animal mixed model was fitted to estimate heritability and genetic correlations among the antibody traits. The model constituted of non‐genetic factors found to have a significant influence on the antibody traits as fixed effects, and animal and residual effects as random variables. Overall mean (±SE) concentration levels for KLH‐IgM, KLH‐IgG, KLH‐IgA and NDV‐IgG were 10.33 ± 0.04, 9.08 ± 0.02, 6.00 ± 0.02 and 10.12 ± 0.03, respectively. Sex, generation and age (linear covariate) significantly (p < 0.05) influenced variation across all the antibody traits. Genotype effects (p < 0.05) were present in all antibody traits, apart from KLH‐IgA. Interaction between generation and line was significant (p < 0.05) in KLH‐IgM and NDV‐IgG while nesting phylogenetic cluster within population significantly (p < 0.05) influenced all antibody traits, apart from KLH‐IgA. Heritability estimates for KLH‐IgM, KLH‐IgG, KLH‐IgA and NDV‐IgG were 0.28 ± 0.08, 0.14 ± 0.06, 0.07 ± 0.04 and 0.31 ± 0.06, respectively. There were positive genetic correlations (0.40–0.61) among the KLH‐NAbs while negative genetic correlations (−0.26 to −0.98) were observed between the KLH‐NAbs and NDV‐IgG. Results from this study indicate that non‐genetic effects due to biological and environmental factors influence natural and specific antibodies and should be accounted for to reduce bias and improve accuracy when evaluating the traits. Subsequently, the moderate heritability estimates in KLH‐IgM and NDV‐IgG suggest selection possibilities for genetic improvement of general and specific immunity, respectively, and consequently disease resistance. However, the negative correlations between KLH‐NAbs and NDV‐IgG indicate the need to consider a suitable approach that can optimally combine both traits in a multiple trait selection strategies.
Field, semi‐field and greenhouse testing of HOOK SWD, a SPLAT‐based attract‐and‐kill formulation to manage spotted‐wing drosophila
Authors: Urbaneja‐Bernat Pablo , Holdcraft Robert , Hernández‐Cumplido Johnattan , Rhodes Elena M. , Liburd Oscar E. , Sial Ashfaq A. , Mafra‐Neto Agenor , Rodriguez‐Saona Cesar
Published: September 2022

Native to Southeast Asia, the spotted‐wing drosophila (Drosophila suzukii) has become a major pest of small fruit crops in the Americas and Europe because females can oviposit in ripening fruit. Currently, D. suzukii management relies heavily on chemical control; thus, more sustainable approaches like attract‐and‐kill need to be evaluated to reduce insecticide use. In previous studies, HOOK SWD, an attract‐and‐kill product that combines attractants, phagostimulants and an insecticide (spinosad), showed promise for D. suzukii control; still, little is known about its performance under field conditions and under varying pest and host‐fruit densities, as well as its residual activity. Here, we evaluated the efficacy of HOOK SWD when applied in commercial blueberry farms, when deployed in semifield cages under different D. suzukii adult and fruit densities and when aged for 30 days in the greenhouse. Results from field experiments showed that HOOK SWD could reduce fruit infestation in blueberry farms; however, its efficacy varied in space and time. Semifield cage studies revealed that relatively high densities of both D. suzukii adults and fruit can reduce the effectiveness of HOOK SWD, which might explain the variation in its efficacy in the field. Ageing HOOK SWD in a greenhouse for at least 30 days yielded no significant decrease in insecticidal activity. Altogether, these studies show that HOOK SWD can potentially suppress D. suzukii populations in the field, but it should be used as part of an integrated pest management program instead of a stand‐alone control tool, especially under high pest and fruit densities.
Implementation considerations for delivering inpatient COVID rehabilitation: A qualitative study
Authors: Sheppard Christine L. , Szigeti Zara , Simpson Robert , Minezes Jacqueline , Hitzig Sander L. , Mayo Amanda , Robinson Lawrence R. , Lung Maria , Wasilewski Marina B.
Published: September 2022

Rationale

Patients recovering from significant COVID‐19 infections benefit from rehabilitation; however, aspects of rehabilitative care can be difficult to implement amidst COVID infection control measures.

Aims and Objectives

We used the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR) to evaluate the rapid implementation of a COVID zone in an in‐patient rehabilitation hospital at the onset of the first wave of the pandemic.

Methods

Semistructured interviews were conducted with health care providers (n = 12) supporting the COVID zone, as well as with patients (n = 10) who were discharged from the COVID zone and their family caregivers (n = 5). The interviews explored the successes and challenges of working on the unit and the quality of care that was delivered to patients recovering from COVID.

Results

Rapid implementation of the COVID zone was supported by champions at the middle‐management level but challenged by a number of factors, including: conflicting expert opinions on best infection control practices (outer setting), limited flow of information from senior leaders to frontline staff (inner setting), lack of rehabilitation equipment and understanding of how to provide high quality rehabilitative care in this context (intervention characteristics), willingness and self‐efficacy of staff working in the COVID zone (individual characteristics) and lack of time to reflect on and assess effectiveness (process).

Conclusions

While there was an apparent need for rapid implementation of a COVID rehabilitation zone, senior leadership, middle management and frontline staff faced several challenges. Future evaluations should focus on how to adapt COVID rehabilitation services during fluctuating pandemic restrictions, and to account for rehabilitative needs of people recovering from significant COVID infections.
Agriculture's globalization: Endowments, technologies, tastes and policies
Authors: Anderson Kym
Published: September 2022

The history of agricultural trade stretches back more than ten millennia, but it became more inter‐continental from the 17th century and much denser in the 19th century following the repeal of Britain's protective Corn Laws in 1846 and major declines in international trade costs. Trade was chaotic in the period bookended by the two world wars, but trade policy anarchy gave way to greater certainty after the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) was signed in 1947. This paper seeks to identify the forces that shaped that history, and to re‐examine the case for continued openness to trade in farm and processed food products. It does so in the wake of uneven economic growth and structural transformation and as agri‐food systems respond to increased market and policy uncertainties this century—and to growing pressures for agricultural production to become more sustainable and for its food outputs to be safer and more nutritious. The paper points to better policy options than trade measures for achieving most national objectives—options that can simultaneously benefit the rest of the world. Areas for further economic research are noted before the paper concludes.
Assessment of thrombus using susceptibility‐weighted filtered‐phase images in patients with acute ischemic stroke
Authors: Lee Joonwon , Lee Ho‐Joon , Ha Sam Yeol , Kim Hyung Chan , Kang Yeonah , Jin Sung‐Chul , Park Seongho
Published: September 2022

Background and Purpose

Recognizing the location and length of the thrombus responsible for large vessel occlusion in patients with acute ischemic stroke can facilitate effective endovascular recanalization therapy (ERT). We hypothesized that the aliasing or dipole effect produced by filtered‐phase susceptibility‐weighted imaging (SWI) would facilitate thrombus delineation.

Methods

Of the patients with middle cerebral artery occlusion who underwent ERT, we screened those who underwent noncontrast CT (NCCT), multiphase CT angiography (mCTA), and SWI before the endovascular procedure. We used an arbitrary index termed measurement of equivalence in thrombus assessed by digital subtraction angiography (METAD) defined as having the same location as the thrombus observed in the digital subtraction angiography (DSA) and length differing by less than 5 mm. For NCCT, mCTA, SWI_m (magnitude), and SWI_p (phase), the length of the thrombus and METAD were assessed.

Results

The mean lengths of the thrombi determined using NCCT, mCTA, SWI_m, SWI_p, and DSA were 14.03, 13.47, 13.89, 9.93, and 8.96 mm, respectively. The absolute agreement for thrombus length was excellent for SWI_p and DSA (intraclass correlation coefficient [ICC] = .96), moderate for SWI_m and DSA (ICC = .53), and poor for mCTA and DSA (ICC = .14). The METADs were 26.7%, 40.0%, 33.3%, and 73.3% for NCCT, mCTA, SWI_m, and SWI_p, respectively. The METADs for NCCT and SWI_p were significantly different (p = .045) and those for mCTA and SWI_m were not (p = .537 and .093, respectively).

Conclusions

The SWI_p was best matched with the DSA for the measurement of the lengths and locations of thrombi. The use of pre‐thrombectomy SWI_p imaging for acute ischemic stroke may facilitate a successful ERT strategy.
Polyetheretherketone computer‐aided design and computer‐aided manufacturing framework for All‐on‐Four mandibular full‐arch prosthesis: 3 Years' retrospective study of peri‐implant soft tissue changes and ridge base relationship
Authors: Mourad Khloud E. , Altonbary Gilan Y. , Emera Radwa M. K. , Hegazy Salah A. F.
Published: September 2022

Purpose

This study was conducted to evaluate the clinical peri‐implant soft tissue changes during the first year after occlusal loading and the ridge base relation after 3 years for mandibular computer‐aided design and computer‐aided manufacturing (CAD‐CAM) screw‐retained implant‐supported hybrid prosthesis of polyetheretherketone (PEEK) framework utilized with All‐on‐Four treatment concept.

Materials and methods

Sixteen completely edentulous patients were rehabilitated by four implants following the All‐on‐Four protocol. After 3 months, the definitive prosthesis was constructed to be a screw‐retained CAD‐CAM milled framework from the modified PEEK (BioHPP), bonded to polymethylmethacrylate teeth and a pink shaded indirect light‐polymerized nanofilled composite resin imitating the soft tissues. Peri‐implant soft tissue changes regarding plaque, bleeding, gingival scores, and probing depth were evaluated at prosthesis insertion (T0), 6 months (T1), and 12 months (T2) after insertion. Also, monitoring of the ridge base relation was performed using cone beam computed tomography at time of insertion (T0), and 1 year (T1), 2 years (T2), and 3 years (T3) after mandibular fixed detachable All‐on‐Four framework insertion. Using Shapiro‐Wilk tests using SPSS® software version 22 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL), all clinical data were nonparametric, while the ridge base relation data were parametric.

Results

There were statistically significant differences regarding a plaque, gingival, and bleeding scores for all implants with the advancement of time. However, there was a statistically insignificant difference regarding probing depth in the posterior implants (p = 0.581). Regarding ridge base relation, there was a significant difference between observation times only in the anterior ridge area in between the two anterior implants (p = 0.011).

Conclusions

Within the limitations of the study, the full‐arch PEEK framework of fixed‐detachable, hybrid prosthesis used with the All‐on‐Four concept for rehabilitation of mandibular edentulous arches is an acceptable treatment approach. Based on the stable ridge base relation posteriorly found in this study, less stress is distributed to the underlining bone due to the shock‐absorbing ability of PEEK. Special considerations for frequent soft tissue follow‐up and regular maintenance of oral hygiene measures are recommended.
Hope in the uncertainties and certainty for parents of children with rare neurological disorders. Part I (of 3): Uncertainty
Authors: Palmer Elizabeth E , Sachdev Rani , Beavis Erin , Macintosh Rebecca , Le Marne Fleur A , Nevin Suzanne M , Bye Ann ME , Nunn Kenneth
Published: September 2022

This is the first of three articles exploring the aspects of clinical care for children with rare neurological disorders including uncertainties old and new. The disruptive technologies of genomic sequencing and advanced therapeutics such as gene‐based therapies offer parents of children with severe but rare neurological conditions for the first‐time unprecedented opportunities for ‘precision medicine’. At the same time, the realities of limited genomic diagnostic yields and not infrequent detection of variants of uncertain significance, lack of natural history study data and management guidelines for individually rare neurogenetic conditions, means that high pre‐genomic test expectations are all too often replaced by an accumulation of new uncertainties. This can add to the chronic traumatic stress experienced by many families but may also have under‐recognised impacts for their clinicians, contributing to ‘burn‐out’ and attendant negative psychosocial impacts. This first article aims to address how clinicians might manage the accumulation of uncertainties to be more helpful to patients and their families. Moreover, it seeks to address how clinicians can move forward providing compassionate care to their patients and a little more consideration for themselves.
Metre, grouping, and event hierarchies in music: A tutorial for linguists
Authors: Katz Jonah
Published: September 2022

This paper reviews some basic elements of musical structure, drawing from work in traditional and cognitive musicology, ethnomusicology, psychology, and generative textsetting. Music features two different hierarchical representational components that can both be visualised in grid notation: metrical structure and event hierarchies (also referred to as Time‐Span Reduction). Metrical structure is an abstract pattern of stronger and weaker points in time that form a temporal ‘scaffold’ against which auditory events occur, but is partly independent from those occurring events. Event hierarchies encode the constituency (referred to as grouping) and prominence of actually‐occurring musical events. Basic principles of these components are illustrated with examples from Western children's, folk, and popular song. The need for both metrical hierarchy and event hierarchy is illustrated using mismatches between metrical and rhythmic structure. The formal, conceptual, and empirical features of musical metre are quite different from linguistic stress and prosody, despite the frequent analogies drawn between them. Event hierarchies, on the other hand, are shown to resemble linguistic prosodic structure with regard to all of these features.
Evolutionary convergence on hummingbird pollination in Neotropical Costus provides insight into the causes of pollinator shifts
Authors: Kay Kathleen M. , Grossenbacher Dena L.
Published: September 2022

The evolution of hummingbird pollination is common across angiosperms throughout the Americas, presenting an opportunity to examine convergence in both traits and environments to better understand how complex phenotypes arise. Here we examine independent shifts from bee to hummingbird pollination in the Neotropical spiral gingers (Costus) and address common explanations for the prevalence of transitions from bee to hummingbird pollination.

We use floral traits of species with observed pollinators to predict pollinators of unobserved species and reconstruct ancestral pollination states on a well‐resolved phylogeny. We examine whether independent transitions evolve towards the same phenotypic optimum and whether shifts to hummingbird pollination correlate with elevation or climate.

Traits predicting hummingbird pollination include small flower size, brightly colored floral bracts and the absence of nectar guides. We find many shifts to hummingbird pollination and no reversals, a single shared phenotypic optimum across hummingbird flowers, and no association between pollination and elevation or climate.

Evolutionary shifts to hummingbird pollination in Costus are highly convergent and directional, involve a surprising set of traits when compared with other plants with analogous transitions and refute the generality of several common explanations for the prevalence of transitions from bee to hummingbird pollination.