bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
‘One country, two systems’, ‘one city, two systems’: Citizenship as a stage for politics of mobility and bordering practices in Hong Kong
Authors: Leung Maggi
Published: December 2018

Drawing on the notion of ‘politics of mobility’ and conceptualization of borders, this paper illustrates the peculiar, controversial and discriminatory citizenship policy, practice and discourse in Hong Kong. Under the ‘One Country, Two Systems’ constitutional principle, Hong Kong is separated from the China Mainland by an administrative border and exercises a separate residence rights regime. This paper highlights the tension produced by Hong Kong’s citizenship politics pursed by the state in turning the metropolitan into ‘Asia’s world city’ in this ‘One Country, Two Systems’ context. The world-city project entails offering right of abode (quasi citizenship) to highly-skilled migrants, ‘outstanding talents’ and investors while discriminating against those considered inappropriately-skilled such as poor family reunion migrants from mainland China.
New minorities, old instruments? Diversity governance from the perspective of minority rights
Authors: Medda-Windischer Roberta
Published: December 2018

In international law, minority rights instruments have been traditionally conceived for, and applied to, old minority groups with the exclusion of new minority groups originating from migration. Yet, minority groups, irrespective of their being old or new minorities, can be subsumed under a common definition and have some basic common claims. This allows devising a common but differentiated set of rights and obligations for old and new minority groups alike. This paper argues that the extension of the scope of application of legal instruments of minority protection, such as the Framework Convention for the Protection of National Minorities (FCNM), is conceptually meaningful and beneficial to the integration of new minorities stemming from migration.
Contribution of migration to replacement of population in Turkey
Authors: Ediev Dalkhat M , Yüceşahin Mustafa Murat
Published: December 2018

Relationship between migration and replacement of population has attracted a great deal of scholarly attention. Migration is considered to be a key factor in the growth and replacement of populations. Net migration sometimes exceeds natural change and drive population growth. Migration can compensate for missing births in low-fertility areas, provinces, or countries. Although past and recent general fertility trends, regional inequalities, and migration patterns in Turkey have been well documented through demographic surveys and censuses, the relationship between migration and the replacement of population by region in the country has not been adequately examined. Thereby, in this study, we explore the contribution of migration to the replacement of population in Turkey. Turkey’s regions, at the NUTS 1 level, are very diverse in their levels of fertility and migration, which makes it very interesting to study the two processes in tandem. We use a recently proposed methodology of studying the population replacement levels through the indicators of Combined Reproduction and Times to Half-Replacement, which can be computed from limited data and offers good insights into the demographic consequences of a given combination of fertility and migration levels.
“My decision had already been taken”: Narratives of migrant parents about “return” policies
Authors: Rovetta Cortes Ana Irene
Published: December 2018

At the beginning of the 21st century, the Autonomous Community of Galicia and the Veneto region developed policies with the aim of facilitating the "return" of emigrants and their descendants. But have these “return” policies conditioned contemporary migration flows from Argentina? The aim of this paper is to give an exploratory response through the narratives of 25 “Argentinean” migrant parents who moved with their families to these regions. Most of them manifested little or no knowledge about “return” policies. This situation would be related to: 1) personal disinterest, 2) different ancestral origins, and 3) the presence of social networks.
New Directions in Research on Immigration, Crime, Law, and Justice
Authors: Adelman Robert M. , Kubrin Charis E. , Ousey Graham C. , Reid Lesley W.
Published: December 2018

From the early twentieth century onward, research has found little to no support for a positive association between immigration and crime (Hayford 1911). In fact, much available research finds the opposite; more immigration leads to less crime.  While the scholarly community has largely debunked as myth the idea that more immigrants lead to more crime, there remain many questions about the nature of the relationship between immigration and crime. Three articles in this special issue take up these more nuanced questions. The research presented in this special issue contributes new findings and perspectives on immigration, crime, law, and justice. The analyses range from studies of the relationship between undocumented immigration and crime among youthful offenders to studies of newspaper coverage of immigration and crime in Europe. Moreover, the questions addressed are informed by a productive mixture of quantitative and qualitative empirical evidence from the present and the past.  As we look to the future, we encourage scholars to build from the work presented herein and to seek diverse data to build a better understanding of the complex ways that immigration, crime, law, and justice are interconnected.
Immigration and Violent Crime in California, 1980-2012: Contextualization by Temporal Period and Race/Ethnicity
Authors: Feldmeyer Ben , Steffensmeier Darrell , Harris Casey T. , Tasharrofi Shahin
Published: December 2018

In light of concerns surrounding the alleged link between immigration and crime, our goal is to investigate trends in violent crime rates by race/ethnicity within and between counties with differing degrees of immigration. Using unique data from California for the 1980 to 2012 period, we find (1) that after an initial decade of stability, violence rates fell beginning in the 1990s during a period of rapid immigration growth. Additionally, (2) this pattern is observed for all offenses, race/ethnic groups (including Hispanics), and was near uniform in counties with both high and low levels of immigrant concentration and growth. Despite fears of immigration fueled crime waves, our findings suggest that high immigration has not worsened the problem of violent crime and that places with both low and high immigrant concentrations and growth experienced parallel declines in crime from 1990 to 2012.
Crimmigration, Deportability and the Social Exclusion of Noncitizen Immigrants
Authors: Leyro Shirley P. , Stageman Daniel L.
Published: December 2018

The spread of crimmigration policies, practices, and rhetoric represents an "economically rational" strategy and has significant implications for the lived experience of noncitizen immigrants. This study draws up in-depth interviews of immigrants with a range of legal statuses to describe the mechanics through which immigrants internalize and respond to the fear of deportation, upon which crimmigration strategies rely. The fear of deportation and its behavioral effects extend beyond undocumented or criminally convicted immigrants, encompassing lawful permanent residents and naturalized citizens alike. This fear causes immigrants to refuse to use public services, endure labor exploitation, and avoid public spaces, resulting in social exclusion and interrupted integration, which is detrimental to US society as a whole.
Westphalia, Migration, and Feudal Privilege
Authors: Bauder Harald
Published: December 2018

Most people acquire citizenship at birth; and modern liberal states regulate the migration of non-citizens as a matter of their sovereignty. Do contemporary border and migration controls based on citizenship therefore enforce the continuation of feudal birth privilege? In this paper I interrogate this question by examining the role of migration controls in the Westphalian Treaties, which  define a milestone in the development of territorial state sovereign. I find that the Treaties assumed that a sovereign’s subjects are not free to cross territorial borders, and that migration controls continue to enforce birth privilege. However, while feudal sovereigns ruled by bondage, modern liberal states rule by exclusion.
Book Review
Authors: Pei Shengyu
Published: December 2018

Migration in China and of Chinese is accompanied by rapid national development. This handbook offers insights to understand Chinese migration from different periods, different regions and different disciplines, and will inspire Chinese migration researchers as they focus on changing policies including as the New Type Urbanization, the Targeted Poverty Alleviation, the Construction of Beautiful Village, the Silk Road Economic Belt and the 21st-Century Maritime Silk Road. These projects and others will bring about serious changes, foster mobility and have a profound impact on identity and wellbeing of Chinese movers and non-movers in the future, both domestically and internationally.
Being called “skilled”: a multi-scalar approach of migrant doctors’ recognition
Authors: Ribeiro Joana Sousa
Published: December 2018

This article highlights the way the specific configuration of migrants’ skills relies on the relation between admission and inclusion policies, which involves several actors, time-frames and a multi-scalar integrative approach. It builds on a qualitative study which reports different scales of analysis for enhancing different actors participating in the recognition process of being called “skilled”. The study investigates how the “skilled migration” category is socio-institutionally constructed and how it corresponds to a recognition process that interplays with different scales (macro, meso and micro scales) and the corresponding actors (regulatory actors, civil society organisations and migrants). The main argument of this article is that the regulatory framework (e.g. admission policies, academic institutions’ procedures, professional bodies’ rules), organised civil society interventions and networks of power are key factors for the development of an “ascribed qualified migrant” into a de facto “achieved skilled professional”, and therefore the recognition of migrants as visible – and valued – “skilled professionals”.
Cheratte-Visé: a Muslim village in Wallonia
Authors: Parthoens Christophe , Sensi Dina , Manco Altay
Published: December 2018

This article aims to describe the processes leading to social integration of a Turkish community at the beginning of the sixties who were resident in a mining region in Belgium. The stages through which this immigrant working population had to go through are described here: and how it managed, within a third of century, to become established in the district, to structure itself in associations, to be recognized by the local authority and the institutional fabric of the host country, and finally, to sit down at the same table with the local councillors.
Ethnic conflict, wars and international migration of Turkmen: evidence from Iraq
Authors: Sirkeci Ibrahim
Published: December 2018

Ethnic conflicts and wars have been a significant factor determining minority populations’ outflow from Iraq. Turkmen as such minority have been subjected to oppression. Limited economic opportunities combined with the effects of wars imposed an environment of insecurity on Turkmen. This has further facilitated and promoted emigration as it offered “opportunity frameworks” for capable segments of this particular ethnic group. This paper presents findings from a survey conducted in Iraq in 2004 reaching 1040 Turkmen households. Systematic discrimination and ongoing internal and international conflicts and wars forced Turkmen as well as others to flee.
Mental Health Workforce Collaboration and Partnership: Towards a response to World Health Assembly Resolution WHA 57.19
Authors: Procter Nicholas G
Published: December 2018

Using Australia as the main example, the aim of this paper is to consider selective aspects of the forthcoming World Health Report 2006 as it sets an agenda to create a responsive and dynamic health workforce. At the core of a culturally competent mental health workforce will be clinicians prepared to question and respond to particular health experiences and what they, managers and policy makers of all persuasions see as different perceived causes of concern, optimal care and culturally appropriate support and treatment. The enlargement of focus contained in this paper is intended to stimulate more informed and compassionate awareness and respect for alternative points of view held between health and human service workers and communities from culturally and linguistically diverse backgrounds.
Book Reviews
Authors: Metelits Claire , Antonopoulos Georgios A.
Published: December 2018

The Uprooted: Improving Humanitarian Responses to Forced Migration by Susan F. Martin, Patricia Weiss Fagen, Kari Jorgensen, Lydia Mann-Bondat, and Andrew Schoenholtz (2006) Lexington Books, 304p.  (ISBN 0739110837)Human Cargo: A Journey among Refugees by Caroline Moorehead (2006) Vintage, London, 330p.  (ISBN 978-0-099-49287-0)
Egyptian irregular migration to Europe
Authors: Zohry Ayman
Published: December 2018

In this paper, I explore characteristics of Egyptian who migrate irregularly to Europe and reasons of irregular migration from the point of departure through a field survey in some Egyptian villages known of sending irregular – as well as regular - migrants to Europe (mainly Italy and France).  The survey gathered information about the level of awareness of potential migrants about irregular migration and migrants smuggling from Egypt. The results indicate that the vast majority of youth who want to migrate to Europe as well as current migrants intend to return to Egypt after a temporary stay in the countries of destination. These findings suggest that the Egyptian migration to Europe is a re-production of the pattern of Egyptian migration to the Arab Gulf countries, where young males migrate to achieve specific financial goals and then they return.
Close encounters of the deadly kind: Gender, migration, and border (in)security
Authors: O'Leary Anna Ochoa
Published: December 2018

In this paper, I discuss several findings of my study of migrant women, temporarily suspended in the “intersection” of diametrically opposed processes: those posed by border enforcement measures and those posed by transnational mobility. A pressing issue that emerged from this research was how close women come to encountering death as they side-step the border wall to cross without authorization into the US. Their testimonies shed light on how the intersection of contradictory processes contributes to a humanitarian crisis on the US-Mexico border in which the likelihood of death is increasingly present.
Book Reviews
Authors: Strle Urska , Ganga Deianira
Published: December 2018

Historical and Cultural Perspectives on Slovenian Migration by Drnovšek Marjan (ed.) (2007) Ljubljana: Institute for Slovenian Emigration Studies, 204 pp. (ISBN 978-961-254-043-2)Migration, Gender and National Identity: Spanish Migrant Women in London Ana Bravo Moreno (2006) Peter Lang, Oxford, Bern, Berlin, Bruxelles, Frankfurt am Main, New York Wien (ISBN 3- 03910-156-0).
Cumulative inertia or cumulative stress? Migration behaviour of Finnish graduates
Authors: Haapanen Mika , Tervo Hannu
Published: December 2018

An interesting yet largely unstudied question regarding labour migration behaviour and residence duration is whether migration becomes more or less likely over time. This paper analyses the determinants of residence duration for Finnish graduates. Our results affirm the importance of cumulative inertia as a determinant of migration. The longer a person stays in a region, the smaller are the hazard rates of migration. However, for those graduates who moved to a new region during their year of graduation, the propensity for repeat migration is particularly high during their first three years of residence.
CASE STUDY: Role of remittances in Tongan economy
Authors: Jayaraman T. K. , Choong Chee-Keong , Kumar Ronald
Published: December 2018

Inward remittances have been a great support to Pacific Island Countries, including Tonga. Aside from being a major source of foreign exchange earnings, they supplement domestic savings and real resources. This paper examines the role of remittances in the economic growth of Tonga’s during a 28 year period (1981-2007).
Editorial: Survival Strategies of Irregular Immigrants
Authors: Cvajner Martina , Sciortino Giuseppe
Published: December 2018

While there are numerous research efforts, supported by substantial budgets, to study the process of irregular border crossing, there is very little sustained research on how irregular migrants live for remarkable spells of time in social contexts where they lack any certified public identity. This leads to a paradoxical situation. We know that sizeable irregular migration flows cross the borders of all developed countries (as well as some developing ones). But we know very little of how, once entered, these migrants becomes immigrants, how they achieve the minimal goals of making an income, finding a place to sleep, avoiding being caught by the police and, not infrequently, attaining some degree of security and self-respect.
Diaspora bonds for funding education
Authors: Ketkar Suhas L , Ratha Dilip
Published: December 2018

Diaspora bonds represent a debt instrument issued by a country – or potentially a private corporation – to raise financing from its overseas diaspora. They offer governments a flexible mechanism for raising large scale funding to support national budgets and fill financing gaps in development programs, including provision of quality education. However, there is limited awareness about this financing vehicle. While India and Israel have been at the forefront in issuing diaspora bonds, many other nations also have large diaspora communities in the world and could benefit by issuing such bonds. Given the interest of the global education community in innovative approaches to financing, diaspora bonds could be an important source of funding. The paper proposes a pilot program for funding via diaspora bonds a medical school in a developing country with a large and skilled diaspora abroad.
Macroenvironmental factors affecting integration Turks in Germany and the Netherlands
Authors: TOL Gonul
Published: December 2018

This study examines the causal factors to explain the different integration patterns of the Turkish immigrant community in the Netherlands and Germany.The Dutch and German Turkish communities offer an excellent opportunity for comparative analysis of integration, since they share many socio-cultural characteristics but differ in their level of integration. It suggests that the Turkish immigrants in the Netherlands are more integrated into the host society than their counterparts in Germany due to the difference in macro-environmental factors such as the political, legal framework and economic factors in these countries.
Making light of borders: The case of the external EU border
Authors: Vollmer Bastian A.
Published: December 2018

The notion of borders will be questioned in this paper by depicting an ethnographic journey from which a counter-discourse emerged, a discourse that contradicts with the currently acknowledged discourses of borders. Border dis-courses are dominated by security and threat, by the meaning of the bulwark that surrounds nation states in physical, legal, political and ideational terms. Scholars have examined borders from various different perspectives and within the framework of different disciplines; academic discourses have emerged over the years (such as on securitisation), while national governments across the globe as well as the European Union (EU) attempted to seal their permeable borders. They have introduced ever more legal obstacles and enforcement measures to put their goal into practice: preserving sovereignty. The commonly acknowledged discourses on borders will not be challenged per se in its exist-ence, but empirical data will be used to demonstrate a different account of the notion of borders. This account makes light of the notion of borders as travellers followed their everyday business and dealt with the bulwark of the EU, the EU external border, with ease and amusement.
Editorial: Social mobility and migration
Authors: Medda-Windischer Roberta , Danson Mike , Morén-Alegret Ricard , Gaye Mamadou
Published: December 2018

Migration is a type of geographical mobility. This kind of mobility across space can also be related to socio-economic mobility. The study of such a combination of territorial and socio-economic movements is becoming more relevant because, on the one hand, some places are currently being reconstructed by an increase in geographical mobility. On the other hand, during the last decades, debates about socio-economic mobility have been increasing too. This special issue addresses a number of questions concerning social mobility that are at the heart of contemporary debates and have given rise to quite divergent policy prescriptions. It is quite clear that in the present economic and political environment it is unlikely that any sort of agreement about how to develop new policy regimes in this field will be easy to achieve. On the contrary, it seems likely that this will remain an area full of controversy and conflict for some time to come.
Ethnic niching in a segmented labour market: Evidence from Spain
Authors: Stanek Mikolaj , Veira Alberto
Published: December 2018

Using the Spanish National Immigrant Survey (NIS-2007) we identify the ethnic niches where workers from five main immigrant communities concentrate. We then implement logit models in order to assess how structural factors and human and social capital variables affect the odds of working in these niches. We observe that the strong segmentation of the Spanish labour market strongly favours the concentration of immigrants in certain occupational niches. Nevertheless, variables related to human and social capital still play a significant role in the placement of immigrant workers in different niches, all of which are not equally attractive.
Editoryal: Göç ve Türkiye
Authors: Sirkeci Ibrahim , Erdogan M. Murat
Published: December 2018

Turkey has always been involved in international migration. Despite the fact that mass labour migrations began in the middle of the last century made Turkey appear as a source country, economic development and global changes turned the country into an emerging destination. These migration flows were influenced by political factors and ethnic conflict alongside the economic factors. The void in migration studies in Turkey will be more visible as the demand for migration analysis grow. This special issue of Migration Letters offer a set of selected papers on Turkey and Turkish migration published in the Journal in Turkish.[IN TURKISH]Türkiye tarihsel olarak göç gerçeği ile iç içe olmuştur. Geçen yüzyilin ortasinda başlayan kitlesel işçi göçleri bir köken ülke olarak Türkiye’yi öne çikarmiş olsa da göç alan bir ülke özelliği son yillardaki ekonomik gelişmelere ve küresel değişimlere paralel olarak güçlenmektedir. Bu göç akimlarinda ekonominin dişinda, siyasi etkenler ve etnik çatişma da rol oynamiştir. Göç çalişmalari alanindaki açik bu alandaki gereksinimler arttikça daha da ortaya çikacaktir. Bu özel sayida, Migration Letters dergisinde son yillarda yayinlanmiş bir dizi Türkiye ve Türk göçleri üzerine eseri Türkçe olarak sunuyoruz.
Dış ticaret, ekonomik yardım, doğrudan yabancı yatırımlar ve göçmen dövizleri Türkiye'den olan göçü frenleyebilir mi? - Can trade, aid, foreign direct investments and remittances curb migration from Turkey?
Authors: Akkoyunlu Sule
Published: December 2018

In this study we examine the macro-determinants of Turkish migration to Germany over the period 1969–2004 by means of cointegration analysis. We find that trade and factor flows indeed influence migration and play a role in managing Turkish migration in the short as well as in the long run. How-ever, the income differential between Turkey and Germany is the most important factor in determining migration flows and the effects of trade and factor flows on migration in the short as well as in the long run are mixed. Therefore, we argue that migration could be better managed when the dynamic gains from trade and factor flows are considered.[IN TURKISH]Bu çalışmada Türkiye'den Almanya’ya olan göçü etkileyen makro faktörleri 1969-2004 yılları için eşbütünleşme analizi ile incelemekteyiz. Dış ticaret ve fak-tör hareketlerinin göçü gerçekten etkilediğini, kısa ve uzun vadede Türkiye'den olan göçü tedvir etmekte önemli rol oynadığını bulduk. Fakat Türkiye ile Almanya arasındaki gelir farklılıklarının göçü etkileyen en önemli faktör ol-duğunu, ticaret ve faktör hareketliliğinin kısa ve uzun vade etkilerinin farklı olduğunu da bulduk. Bu nedenle göçü tedvir etmekte dış ticaret ve faktör hare-ketliliğinden kaynaklanacak olan dinamik kazancın göz önünde bulundurulması gerektiğini tartışmaktayız.
Göçmen dövizleri ve küresel mali kriz - Remittances and global financial crisis
Authors: Ratha Dilip , Sirkeci Ibrahim
Published: December 2018

Migrant remittances are an important source of external finance for developing countries. The current financial crisis is believed to have influenced migrant remittance flows as well as volume and patterns of use of remittances. In this special issue, a collection of cases from around the world is presented to under-stand the immediately felt effects of the cri-sis. Potential influences due to the crisis impact on migration patterns are yet to be seen and studied.[IN TURKISH]Göçmen göçmen dövizleri gelişmekte olan ülkeler için önemli bir dış finansman kaynağıdır. Güncel finansal kriz göçmen dövizleri kullanım hacmi ve yönelimini etkilemesinin yanı sıra göçmen göçmen dövizleri akımını da etkilemiştir. Bu özel sayıda, krizin hemen hissedilen etkilerini anlamak için dünyanın çeşitli yerlerinden toplanan vakalar sunulmuştur. Krizin göç yönelimlerine etkisinin yol açacağı olası tesirler henüz gerçekleşmekte ve çalışılmaktadır.
Transnasyonal mobilite ve çatışma - Transnational mobility and conflict
Authors: Sirkeci Ibrahim
Published: December 2018

In this paper, I discuss transnational mobility using a perspective that emphasises conflicts at macro, mezzo and micro levels while seeking ways in which such a conflict model of migration can be devel-oped. I outline areas involving different degrees of conflict which are better seen on a continuous scale ranging from potential and latent tensions to violent conflicts and wars. Conflict aspects contribute to the dynamic nature of transnational human movements and, at the same time, appear to be antithet-ical to globalisation. The tensions/conflicts at individual, household, community, and state levels are not isolated from each other but inter-connect different levels. Within this conflict conceptualisation, transnational mobility appears as a move from human insecurity to human security[IN TURKISH]Bu makalede, makro, mezzo ve mikro düzeyde çatışmalara vurgu yapan bir perspektifle transnasyonal mobiliteyi (ulusötesi hareketlilik) tartışarak çatışma bazlı bir göç kuramı geliştirmenin olasılığını araştırıyorum. Potansiyel ve gizli gerilimlerden şiddet içeren çatışmalara ve savaşlara uzanan bir yelpazede daha rahat görebileceğimiz çeşitli derecelerde çatışmaları gösteriyorum. Çatışma, transnayonal insan hareketliliğinin dinamik doğasına katkıda bulunan bir öğe-dir. Bireysel, hanehalkları, toplum ve devletler düzeyinde gerilimler ve/veya ça-tışmalar birbirinden tamamen kopuk değil ve aksine farklı düzeyler arasında ilişki kurarlar. Böyle bir çatışma kuramsallaştırmasında, transnasyonal mobilite insani güvensizlik ortamından insani güvenlik ortamına göç etme olarak ortaya çıkmaktadır.
Editorial: Introducing Remittances Review
Authors: Sirkeci Ibrahim
Published: December 2018

Remittances Review is a new journal that offers a quality outlet for exchanges between academics, researchers, and policy makers. There are more journals dealing with migration than ever before, and most have similar mandates to publish research for researchers. There has been a proliferation of journals in migration studies in the last five to ten years. However, most have grown with similar mandates that replicate breadth and interests. Remittances Review is the first international academic peer reviewed journal dedicated to money transfers, migrant remittances and the challenges and issues related to these flows across borders. Remittances Review invites contributions that include new data, rigorous research, and thoughtful analysis. We expect quality contributions that advance theory and methods as well as drawing implications for policy and practice. Readers will benefit from cutting edge research conceptual innovations, and reviews and reports.
Migration, Trade and Remittances: Low- and High-Skilled Workers
Authors: Martin Philip L.
Published: December 2018

International migration involves the movement of people over national borders, while international trade deals with the production of goods or services in one country and their consumption in another. Economic theory assumes that migration and trade are substitutes, so that freer trade between countries with different wage levels should reduce voluntary migration as trade leads to convergence in wages. However, free-trade agreements can produce a migration hump as the pace of change accelerates and economies adjust, as migration increases before investment creates enough jobs to generate stay-at-home development despite remittances from migrants abroad. Efforts to deal with the root causes of migration must be aware of potential migration humps.
Book Review
Authors: Basu Bharati
Published: December 2018

Migrating into Financial Markets, How Remittances Became a Development Tool by Matt Bakker, Chicago: University of California Press, 2015, pp. 283, ISBN: 9780520285460.Over the last three decades scholars and policy makers have made efforts to evaluate the potential for international remittance transfers as the tool for economic development in the context of different countries and for different time periods. There is evidence that remittances increase student retention rate in El Salvador (Edwards and Ureta 2003) and remittances increase investment in entrepreneurship (McCormick and Wahba 2001, Dustman and Kirchman 2002, Woodruff and Zenteno 2007 and Mesnard 2004). Taylor, Rozelle and Brauw (2003) have reported increased expenditure on agricultural investment.
Editorial
Authors: Sirkeci Ibrahim
Published: December 2018

The World Bank’s latest brief on migration and development launched in October 2017 revealed that remittances to developing countries comprising three quarters of the total global remittance flows are set to grow about 4.8% to reach $450 billion. This is seemingly a reflection of the economic growth recorded in Europe and North America. Therefore not surprising to see the receiving countries in this period will be the migrant sending countries to these destinations. Hence India continues to be the top recipient. As we have analysed in the case of remittances from the UK (See Sirkeci and Privara, 2017), cost of sending money to the poorest parts of the world is the most expensive while overall remittance costs remain very high in contrast to the target of 3%, the Sustainable Development Goal. The World Bank brief pins the high cost down to exclusive deals between post offices and money transfer operators in certain countries and the security concerns resulting in higher processing costs for the operators and banks. This is very relevant to the discussions presented in this issue of Remittances Review investigating Hawala system in the Gulf countries and the use of virtual currencies in cross border money transfers. Both trends are benefiting from high costs of traditional money transfer methods via banks and money transfer operators.
Editorial
Authors: Ullah AKM Ahsan , Sirkeci Ibrahim
Published: December 2018

Remittance flows in many developing countries have proved to be a lifeline to millions of households as well as the economies of many developing countries. Remittances have contributed a significant portion of GDPs in many countries. For example, remittances contribute about 50 per cent to Tajikistan’s GDP. As the volume of international migration increased substantially over the recent decades so did the volume of remittances. This is slightly slower than the past, for example, from 1970 to 2015, remittances increased by more than 500 per cent (see Ullah, 2017). However, it was proven that remittances were resilient to crises. The themes of the papers the current issue of Remittance Review include are geographically wide and thematically deep. The authors paid attention to a range of interesting dimensions of remittances i.e. how remittances become a development actor; interplay between remittances and growth and how remittances appear to diversify income sources in rural communities.
Impact of development aid on remittances sent from donor-countries
Authors: Gnangnon Sena Kimm
Published: December 2018

This article examines the impact of the aggregate development aid supplied by donors at the aggregate level of remittances sent from donor-countries. The empirical analysis focuses on 22 donor-countries over the period 2000-2015. It uses instrumental variables approaches and provide evidence that donors' overall aid supply could be substitute or complementary with remittances paid flows, depending on the level of remittances sent from donor-countries, as well as on the share of migrants' stock on the total population of the host-country.
The Congolese diaspora and the politics of remittances
Authors: Sumata Claude , Cohen Jeffrey H.
Published: December 2018

Economic turmoil and war constitute the main engines fuelling migration in the Democratic Republic of Congo since 1980. The development of migration is accompanied by remittance transfers that impact on the country. The most common use of remittances are to satisfy basic needs and fund specific family events that can include buying land, house construction and opening businesses along with consumption (education, health…). The direct transfer of material goods, such as cars and medical & IT materials, also plays a major role. While most remittances are not used to cover investments; funding education and family wellbeing can support growth and development.
The Impact of Migration on Poverty and Income Distribution in a Rural Region in Turkey
Authors: Dağdemir Özcan , Kartal Zeki , Tinas Rukiye , Gürbüz Hüseyin
Published: December 2018

This article aims to explain the impact of migration from Emirdağ − a rural migrant area in Turkey − on poverty and income distribution in the district center and 53 villages. We used the household data in this research, knowing that international remittances are the most important source of income after agriculture in the region. Data were collected from 2841 migrant and non-migrant sample in 1686 households. The differences in the economic conditions of households impacted by migration and remittances were evaluated in reference to their pre-migration status. Migration preferences of households, preferences in the use of remittances and skills in making use of the opportunities brought by migration were determined to be the main variables that influence poverty and income distribution in the district and its villages. The data showed that migration increased the probability that an increase occurs in the income of poor migrant households. Migration also increased the probability that high-income non-migrant households that were not able to make use of the indirect migration opportunities lost income. Migration and remittances are likely to decrease poverty and improve income distribution in favour of middle-income households.
Editorial: Transnational Marketing
Authors: Sirkeci Ibrahim
Published: December 2018

Transnational Marketing Journal is a new scholarly, peer-reviewed journal is dedicated to disseminating high quality contemporary research into transnational marketing practices and scholarship while encouraging critical approaches in the development of marketing theory and practice. It is an exciting new venture for us and we would like to invite innovative thinking, scholarship, and current research into marketing practices and challenges crossing national borders.In Transnational Marketing and Transnational Consumers, Transnational Marketing is defined “as understanding and addressing customer needs, wants and desires in their own country of residence and beyond and in borderless cultural contexts with the help of synergies emerging across national boundaries and transfer of expertise and advantages between markets where the organization operates transnationally with a transnational mentality supported by transnational organization structures and without compromising the sustainability of any target markets and resource environment offering satisfactory exchanges between the parties involved” (Sirkeci, 2013: vii).
Is Familiarity a Moderator of Brand/Country Alliances? One More Look
Authors: Kristensen Tore , Gabrielsen Gorm , Jaffe Eugene D.
Published: December 2018

Product and brand familiarity have an important role in consumer choice behaviour and they have been equated with knowledge and experience Consumers having high and low familiarity utilized brand information (an extrinsic cue) in their evaluations, whereas moderately familiar consumers used intrinsic cues (product attributes) in evaluating products. The question of whether familiarity moderates the country-of-origin (COO) effect is a valid one. In this present paper, we attempt to provide additional evidence as to how familiarity with products, brands and countries moderates consumer evaluation of brand/country alliances. Specifically, we concentrate on the brand leveraging process identified by Keller (2003) applied to the effect of familiarity on country/brand alliances.
Brand «Moscow» in a global perspective
Authors: Ochkovskaya Marina , Gerasimenko Valentina , Rybalko Maria
Published: December 2018

The study investigates the peculiarities of place branding for Moscow. Recently the numbers of foreign tourists visiting Moscow have increased but the majority of them are over 40 years old. Since the population of most Western countries is ageing, this seems to be a conducive trend for Russian inbound tourism. However, it is very important to attract a younger audience and offer them an opportunity to broaden their cultural awareness. Our study focuses mainly on a young audience, from 18 to 28 year olds, and intended to find out how they presently perceive Moscow and then offer a relevant positioning. For younger tourists, Moscow is still undiscovered. This is an opportunity for Moscow as the city is attractive regarding the cultural aspects and young tourists have an appetite for culture. The study allows us to single out the key elements of the Moscow brand for young people. The key elements are rooted in the rich history and cultural heritage of Moscow. Moscow is recommended to be positioned as a place where different epochs meet: Tsarism, Stalinism and post-Cold War period of Russian democracy.
Book Review
Authors: Sirkeci Ibrahim
Published: December 2018

Bickhoff, N., Hollensen, S., & Opresnik, M. (2014). The Quintessence of Marketing: What You Really Need to Know to Manage Your Marketing Activities. Springer.Bickhoff, Hollensen and Opresnik have posed the critical question again: What do marketers really need to know? The Quintessence of Marketing criticises the common view of marketing which places so much emphasis on sales and advertising whilst there is a wide array of activities that make marketing happen.The book is designed more or less like a handbook for the professional marketer. At the opening, the value of many management books are questioned in terms of volume and length. Thus this relatively short book on key issues and chal-lenges managers face in marketing is the answer according to the series editor.
Positioning Generation Y for Effective Mobile Communication: The case of three cities in India
Authors: Jain Varsha , Pant Saumya
Published: December 2018

India is the second largest mobile phone market after China in terms of number of handsets sold also, usage has increased exponentially in the country. Indian mobile users have high disposable income and young consumers known as Generation Y primarily uses the phone and are very tech-savvy. Using the theory of reasoned action, which suggests that  individual attitude and subjective norms and related to behaviour. We have developed three research questions pertaining to characteristics of Generation Y and their mobile usage.  In total, 10 Focus Group Discussions (FGD) with 70 participants from different segments of the market were conducted in major leading cities such as Ahmedabad, Mumbai and Bangalore as it has 4.17 crore, 5.12 crore and 3.8 crore mobile phone users respectively. Preliminary findings indicate: Generation Y aspires to become independent. They have materialistic and social aspirations. They spend more time with friends and peers than their family. They access multiple media simultaneously such as TV, print, mobiles etc. Mobile phones are very close to their heart as it is an extension of their personality. They prefer to communicate on the virtual platform via mobile phone.  The findings imply that Generation Y has moved from conspicuousness to subtle and hedonic expression. This research study provides a detailed understanding of nuances and characteristics of attitudes and intended behaviour of Generation Y.
The influence of country personality dimensions on intentions to recommend visiting: The preponderance of assiduousness and wickedness
Authors: Búrcio Carlos Manuel Súcia , Da Silva Rui Manuel Vinhas , Salgueiro Maria de Fátima
Published: December 2018

The purpose of the current research is to investigate the relationships between country personality dimensions and consumer behavioural intentions, and to examine in detail the perceived personality of a stimulus-country. A convenience sample of 130 individuals from Brazil was surveyed and 115 usable questionnaires were analyzed. Portugal was chosen as the country for scrutiny and the questionnaire was delivered in Portuguese. Country personality was measured using the 24 items of personality traits six dimensions scale of d’Astous & Boujbel (2007). The research findings suggest that consumers ascribe personality characteristics to countries. All the items show high factorial weights, and in the proposed model the percentage of the variance of the intention to recommend explained by the perceived country personality dimensions equals around 23%. Assiduousness showed a positive significant influence on intention to recommend, whereas wickedness showed a significant negative influence. The findings suggest differences from the comparable earlier studies. Practical and theoretical implications are discussed. Complementarily, and as suggested by the personality traits frequency analysis, Portugal is seen as a traditionalist country.
Determinants and consequences of price-leadership strategy: Evidence from Chinese manufacturer exporters
Authors: Ju Xuenan , Cheng Yuan , Hu Zuohao , Lv Mengyuan , Chen Xi
Published: December 2018

This research investigates the antecedents of the price-leadership strategy (PLS), and its impacts on export performance with the moderating role of export target markets. Drawing from the contingency theory and strategy management framework, the authors adopt structural equation modeling (SEM) to analyze the survey data collected from 155 Chinese manufacturer exporters. The empirical results suggest that the PLS negatively affects export performance. Firms are more likely to adopt the PLS when competitive intensity and technological intensity are high but less likely to adopt the PLS when product popularity is high. The negative impact of the PLS on export performance is stronger when firms export to other emerging (vs. developed) markets. With the unique perspective from emerging markets, the authors theoretically discuss and empirically examine the antecedents-PLS-performance link. This research suggests that emerging-market firms rationally adopt the PLS and actively cultivate technology and innovation capability, product popularity and international marketing competence on export businesses.
Editorial: Taste of City, transnational food and place marketing
Authors: Dogan Evinc , Sirkeci Ibrahim
Published: December 2018

In this special issue of Transnational Marketing Journal, we brought together a selection of articles drawn from presentations at the Taste of City Conference 2016: Food and Place Marketing which was held at the University of Belgrade, Serbia on 1st September 2016. We have supported the event along with Transnational Press London. We thank to Goran Petkovic, the Faculty of Economics at the University of Belgrade, and Goran’s volunteer students team who helped with the conference organisation. Mobilities are often addressed within social sciences varying across a wide range of disciplines including geography, migration studies, cultural studies, tourism, sociology and anthropology. Food mobilities capture eating, tasting, producing and consuming practices as well as traveling and transferring. Food and tastes are carried around the world, along the routes of mobility through out the history. As people take their own culture to the places, they take their food too. Food meets and mingles with other cultures on the way. Fusion food is born when food transcends the borders and mix with different ingredients from different culinary traditions. Although certain places are associated and branded with food, it is a challenging job to understand the role of food and taste in forming and reformulating the identity of places.
Nutrition and Food in the Green city
Authors: Corvo Paolo , Matacena Raffaele
Published: December 2018

Food is a significant dimension of life quality and of any proposal for a green city. With the green city movement, farmer markets are spreading increasingly. These are markets where farmers bring their products into the city to sell, thereby growers and producers turn into retailers. Recently the success of the Earth Markets displays citizens’ desire for quality and genuine food such as fruits, vegetables, meat, cheese. The dissemination and development of farmer market are chiefly due to the awareness that it is necessary to establish a relationship between producers and consumers, in order to have healthy and genuine products, energy saving and a lower environmental impact. The city has always had spaces for agricultural production; today these spaces are limited to the peri-urban area and they are often under the threat of overbuilding and urbanisation. In recent years this risk seems to be reduced both because of the presence of a greater awareness among the citizens about the importance of urban gardens, and due to the economic crisis, these forms of production have been appreciated. There is evidence that both at individual and community level, a growing interest in these spaces where food can be produced. These urban gardens are also sometimes created in degraded areas, hence playing a role in the redevelopment.