bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Qualidade de vida relacionada a saúde e prática de atividades físicas de estudantes da área de saúde
Authors: Bezerra Viviane Soares , Campos Vanessa Maria Soares , Tomaz Alecsandra Ferreira
Published: November 2024

Introdução: a qualidade de vida relacionada à saúde (QVRS) envolve o aspecto físico, social, psicológico, cognitivo e a sensação geral de bem-estar. A presença de hábitos saudáveis, incluindo a prática regular de atividade física (AF) são fundamentais para alcançar uma melhor qualidade de vida (QV). Objetivo: analisar o nível de QVRS e da prática de AF em estudantes da área da saúde. Metodologia: estudo quantitativo, descritivo, analítico, de corte transversal envolvendo estudantes da Universidade Estadual da Paraíba dos cursos de saúde. O questionário continha questões autorais sobre identificação e dados demográficos, WHOQOL-BREF para avaliar QV e o Questionário Internacional de Atividade Física (IPAQ), versão curta, para avaliar o nível de AF. Todos os testes foram bicaudais e o nível de significância final adotado foi de p<0,05. Resultados: 212 estudantes participaram da pesquisa. Em relação ao nível de AF 39,2% foram classificados como ativos e 31,6% muito ativos. Sobre a QV, o domínio meio ambiente (55,4±15,5) e psicológico (56,1±17,9) tiveram menores médias, enquanto o de relações sociais (66±21,8) e físico (62,4±16,3) atingiram valores mais elevados. O nível de AF apresentou correlação com todos os domínios, indicando que quanto mais ativos, maior a pontuação no WHOQOL-BREF. Conclusão: a prática de AF apresentou níveis significativamente satisfatórios. No que se refere a QV, em todos os domínios os valores foram medianos. A partir das correlações realizadas, sugere-se que quanto mais ativos os estudantes são, melhor a QV. Entretanto esta correlação foi classificada como fraca, devendo ser considerada com ressalvas e melhor investigada.
Perfil epidemiológico da osteonecrose de ombro em pacientes portadores de doença falciforme
Authors: Rios Felype Figueiredo , Novais Tiago Souza , Freire Songeli M. , Vieira Lucas Santos , Daltro Gildásio de Cerqueira
Published: November 2024

Introdução: a doença falciforme (DF) é uma enfermidade genética prevalente entre a população do estado da Bahia. Essa doençaaumenta a susceptibilidade a diversas patologias, incluindo a osteonecrose. Este estudo avalia o perfil epidemiológico da osteonecrosedo ombro em pacientes com DF atendidos no Ambulatório de Saúde Humanitária do Hospital Universitário Professor Edgar Santos.Metodologia: trata-se de um estudo transversal, descritivo, realizado entre janeiro e maio de 2024. Após aprovação pelo Comitê deÉtica, os dados dos pacientes com osteonecrose foram coletados em prontuários, incluindo informações sobre idade, sexo, diagnósticode DF e terapia celular. Objetivo: a finalidade deste estudo é avaliar a prevalência de osteonecrose do ombro nessa população.Resultados: entre 62 pacientes, 11 apresentavam osteonecrose no ombro. A média geral de idade foi de 38 anos. Não houve associaçãosignificativa entre osteonecrose do ombro e idade, sexo ou presença de DF. Desses, 82% dos pacientes com osteonecrose do ombroreceberam terapia celular. Conclusão: a alta prevalência de osteonecrose do ombro (17,7%) nos pacientes atendidos demonstrou anecessidade de estratégias preventivas e terapêuticas eficazes para investigar e tratar lesões no ombro. A terapia celular mostrou-serelevante no manejo desses pacientes, destacando-se a importância do monitoramento contínuo
A Relevância de eventos científicos chancelados pelo Programa de Pósgraduação Processos Interativos dos Órgãos e Sistemas
Authors: Ciências Médicas e Biológicas Revista
Published: November 2024

Editorial
A arte de etnografar vivências na roda do Lavrado
Authors: Franco de Lima José Carlos , Aguiar Lisiane Machado , Tavares Inara do Nascimento
Published: November 2024

A intenção principal deste artigo é oferecer algumas reflexões metodológicas sobre o registro etnográfico de vivências grupais de percepção corporal, biodança, danças circulares, yoga e meditação. Iniciamos apresentando o conceito de vivência e de corpo desenvolvidos na Roda do Lavrado, ação de extensão realizada no âmbito do Projeto de Extensão Apoio aos Refugiados em Roraima do Instituto de Antropologia/UFRR. As vivências fazem parte de uma revolução silenciosa, porém contínua na construção de uma cultura do bem viver baseada na integralidade da vida humana. O corpo é a base de nossa experiência relacional. Desse modo, as dinâmicas grupais realizadas na Roda do Lavrado visavam, entre outros objetivos, o desenvolvimento do olhar disponível, a escuta sensível e o tato consciente nas práticas de percepção corporal. Esse enfoque centrado na experiência corporal em grupo e no registro posterior dessas vivências esteve presente de forma contínua nos encontros realizados. Logo, observamos que a etnografia das vivências, mais do que uma técnica, é a arte de registrar e expressar os biorrelacionamentos.
Topological Isomorphism between Certain Algebras on the Euclidean motion group
Authors: Edeke U.E. , Bassey U.N. , Ariyo R.D. , Dada O.C.
Published: November 2024

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CircRNAwrap – a flexible pipeline for circRNA identification, transcript prediction, and abundance estimation
Authors: Li Lin , Bu Dechao , Zhao Yi
Published: May 2019

Circular RNA (circRNA) is a recently described RNA molecule formed by backsplicing, with the 3′ and 5′ ends linked covalently. The study of circRNAs using RNA‐Seq data enables the analysis of genome‐wide endogenous circular transcripts. Although several algorithms for circRNA analysis have been developed, they have thus far had limited application. Additionally, approaches for prediction and validation of the composition of exons in circRNAs are still being developed. In this study, we measured the effectiveness of existing tools on collected and simulated data. Furthermore, we carried out a wide‐ranging study of circRNA workflows, which we named circRNAwrap. Application of circRNAwrap on the included datasets reveals that our novel protocol can assist researchers in the study of circRNA biology.
Quality of Care for the Screening, Diagnosis, and Management of Lupus Nephritis Across Multiple Health Care Settings
Authors: Aggarwal Ishita , Li Jing , Trupin Laura , Gaynon Lisa , Katz Patricia P. , Lanata Cristina , Criswell Lindsey , Murphy Louise B. , Dall'Era Maria , Yazdany Jinoos
Published: May 2019

Objective

We examined quality measures for screening, diagnosis, and treatment of lupus nephritis (LN) among participants of the California Lupus Epidemiology Study across 25 different clinical sites to identify gaps in quality of care.

Methods

Data from 250 participants with lupus were analyzed across 3 sources (medical records, physician examination, and patient interviews). Overall performance on 8 quality measures was calculated separately for participants with and without LN. We used generalized estimating equations in which the outcome was performance on measures, adjusting for participant demographics, lupus disease severity, and practice characteristics.

Results

Of 148 patients without LN, 42% underwent screening laboratory tests for nephritis, 38% underwent lupus activity serum studies, and 81% had their blood pressure checked every 6 months. Of 102 LN patients, 67% had a timely kidney biopsy, at least 81% had appropriate treatment, and 78% achieved target blood pressure within 1 year of diagnosis. Overall performance in participants across quality measures was 54% (no LN) and 80% (LN). Significantly higher overall performance for screening measures for LN was seen at academic (63.4–73%) versus community clinics (37.9–38.4%). Similarly, among those with LN, higher performance in academic (84.1–85.2%) versus community clinics (54.8–60.2%) was observed for treatment measures.

Conclusion

In this quality‐of‐care analysis across 25 diverse clinical settings, we found relatively high performance on measures for management of LN. However, future work should focus on bridging the gaps in lupus quality of care for patients without nephritis, particularly in community settings.
Gait Adaptations in Youth With Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis
Authors: Kuntze Gregor , Nesbitt Colleen , Nettel‐Aguirre Alberto , Esau Shane , Scholz Robyn , Brooks Julia , Twilt Marinka , Toomey Clodagh , Mosher Dianne , Ronsky Janet L. , Benseler Susanne , Emery Carolyn A.
Published: May 2019

Objective

Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) affects body structure and function and physical activity outcomes. The present study was undertaken to examine differences in gait kinematics during fixed‐speed treadmill walking for youth with JIA and typically developing (TD) youth.

Methods

Sagittal plane gait kinematics were obtained using a 12‐camera system (Motion Analysis) for youth with JIA (n = 30) and their age and sex‐matched TD peers (n = 30). Outcomes included disease activity, pain, well‐being, and peak sagittal hip, knee, and ankle joint angles. Kinematics were analyzed for the indexed leg (IL) (i.e., the affected leg of participants with JIA) compared to the dominant leg of TD participants and for the contralateral leg (CL) (i.e., the less/not affected leg of participants with JIA) compared to the nondominant leg of TD participants. Kinematics differences were investigated using multivariate Hotelling's T2 statistic (paired samples; α = 0.05) and simultaneous 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs). Potential confounders (age, sex, body mass index) were assessed using linear mixed‐effects models with random effect for pairs.

Results

Youth with JIA had low disease activity, pain, and disability scores. Deviations in bilateral joint angles were observed (IL P = 0.015, CL P = 0.009). Youth with JIA walked with greater initial hip flexion (mean difference IL 2.8° [95% CI –0.6, 6.2]; CL 3.0° [–0.9, 6.9]) and lower knee extension (mean difference IL –2.2° [95% CI –4.4, 0.1]; CL –3.3° [–7.4, 0.8]), and lower hip extension during terminal stance (mean difference IL 3.4° [95% CI –0.3, 7.0]; CL 4.0° [1.0, 7.0]).

Conclusion

Despite low disease activity, youth with JIA avoided the close‐packed knee position, commonly associated with joint inflammation and pain. These findings highlight secondary consequences of JIA and inform targets for physical therapy management for youth with JIA.
Diversion, technology‐aided treatment among potential uses of new COAP funds
Authors: Enos Gary
Published: May 2019

Two of three categories of support under a newly announced component of the federal Comprehensive Opioid Abuse Site‐Based Program (COAP) offer substance use treatment organizations a potential role in state and local government efforts to improve opioid‐fighting initiatives within the criminal justice system.
Unveiling the Stimulated Robust Carrier Lifetime of Surface‐Bound Excitons and Their Photoresponse in InSe
Authors: Wang Rui , Jiang Xiantao , Gao Siyan , Zhao Jinlai , Zhang Feng , Huang Weichun , Fan Taojian , Liang Weiyuan , Li Zhongjun , Huang Hao , Guo Zhinan , Wang Huide , Zhang Yupeng , Zhang Xi , Luo Zhengqian , Zhang Han
Published: May 2019

In contrast to zero‐bandgap metallic graphene, the binary semiconducting compound, InSe, possesses a tunable bandgap. Herein, a range of particle sizes of β‐InSe from bulk to few‐layer nanosheets and quantum dots are carefully prepared. The size‐dependent bandgap variation and photon‐induced carrier dynamics of InSe are systemically investigated. In contrast to the normal size‐dependent carrier lifetime trend observed at 700 nm, anomalous size‐independent carrier decay is observed at 500 nm. Through time‐dependent density functional theory calculations, the normal carrier lifetimes at lower probe photon energies are attributed to in‐plane excitons, whereas the abnormal size‐independent carrier lifetimes at higher probe photon energies are found to be stimulated by surface‐bound excitons. In view of the robust surface exciton, this suggests that InSe may possess an outstanding optoelectronic performance in the shorter wavelength range. Through photoelectrochemical detection experiments, it is confirmed that InSe features a high photocurrent density and stability and, in particular, a more distinct photoresponse at short wavelengths than at longer ones. Comprehending and quantifying the role of the surface‐bound excitons in InSe across a broad range of semiconductor nanostructures and their fundamental properties may play an important role in understanding the physical properties of 2D III–VI compound materials.
Highly Thermal‐Resilient AgNW Transparent Electrode and Optical Device on Thermomechanically Superstable Cellulose Nanorod‐Reinforced Nanocomposites
Authors: Biswas Subir Kumar , Sano Hironari , Yang Xianpeng , Tanpichai Supachok , Shams Md. Iftekhar , Yano Hiroyuki
Published: May 2019

Transparent plastics coated with a nanonetwork of metal nanowires or carbon nanomaterials are promising future electrodes for large‐area, lightweight, and flexible optoelectronic devices. However, plastics are generally thermal‐ dimensionally instable, meaning that they expand and shrink in response to temperature change. This behavior may severe the ultrathin nanonetwork of the conducting nanomaterials, resulting in reduced performance of the electrodes and resulting optoelectronic devices. Herein, an incredibly thermal‐dimensionally stable (3.26–4.68 ppm K−1) transparent and flexible plastic substrate is presented that results in high thermal performance of the resulting silver nanowire (AgNW) electrode and smart optical device. The high thermal‐dimensional stability is achieved through the generation of a hierarchical network of cellulose nanorods (a highly regarded biobased reinforcing material) in the plastic via a water‐based process. The improved nanocomposite electrode exhibits good electro‐optical performance (12.4–15.6 Ω sq−1 vs 84%); high flexibility; good mechanics even at 150 °C; and the capability to withstand repeated extreme heating and cooling at 150 and −196 °C, respectively. The findings of this study combined with those reported in the literature can show a pathway for further performance improvement of transparent electrodes for future advanced devices.
Structure, Ferroelectricity, and Magnetism in Self‐Assembled BiFeO3–CoFe2O4 Nanocomposites on (110)‐LaAlO3 Substrates
Authors: Tian Guo , Ojha Shuchi , Ning Shuai , Gao Xingsen , Ross Caroline A.
Published: May 2019

A strain‐driven BiFeO3 (BFO) tetragonal to rhombohedral phase transition is demonstrated in self‐assembled BiFeO3‐CoFe2O4 (BFO‐CFO) nanocomposites on LaAlO3 (110)‐oriented substrates with varying thickness. The CFO forms parallel nanoscale fin‐shaped structures within a BFO matrix. Out‐of‐plane lattice strain from the BFO/CFO interfaces stabilizes the BFO rhombohedral‐like phase. The BFO exhibits a range of ferroelectric textures including stripe domains and centered domain arrangements, and the magnetic anisotropy of CFO shows a thickness‐dependent reorientation.
Simple, Robust, and Going More Efficient: Recent Advance on Electron Transport Layer‐Free Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Huang Like , Ge Ziyi
Published: May 2019

Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have shown great potential for photovoltaic applications with their unprecedented power conversion efficiency advancement. Such devices generally have a complex structure design with high temperature processed TiO2 as the electron transport layer (ETL). Further careful design of device configuration to fully tap the potentials of perovskite materials is expected. Particularly, for the practical application of PSCs, it is crucial to simplify their device structures thus the associated manufacturing process and cost while maintaining their efficiency to be comparable with the conventional devices. But how simple is simple? ETL‐free PSCs promise the simplest structured, thus simple manufacturing processes and low cost large area PSCs in practical applications. They can also help the further exploration of the great potential of perovskite materials and understanding the working principle of PSCs. Within this review, the evolution of the PSC is outlined by discussing the recent advances in the simplification of device configuration and processes for cost effective, highly efficient, and robust PSCs, with a focus on ETL‐free PSCs. Their advancement, key issues, working mechanism, existing problems, and future performance enhancements. This review aims to promote the future development of low cost and robust ETL‐free PSCs toward more efficient power output.
Applicant Attitudes Toward the Association of American Medical Colleges’ Standardized Video Interview
Authors: Winfield Ashlea D. , Chhabra Neeraj , Schindlbeck Michael A. , Bowman Steven H
Published: May 2019

Background

The Standardized Video Interview (SVI) was developed by the American Association of Medical Colleges to allow applicants to include objective data about professional behaviors and interpersonal and communication skills. Although the SVI pilot was administered to individuals applying to emergency medicine (EM) residency programs during the 2018 Electronic Residency Application Service (ERAS) cycle, little data have been published evaluating the applicant's perceptions. This survey aims to assess EM residency applicant attitudes toward the SVI.

Methods

During the 2018 ERAS application season an anonymous survey was administered to interviewees at one urban Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education–approved EM residency. Respondents were asked questions regarding the production of their video interviews, thoughts regarding the additive value of the SVI, and individual demographic data such as ethnicity and sex. Participation was optional.

Results

A total of 219 of 238 candidates completed the survey representing a 92% response rate. While the majority of applicants did not feel that their ethnicity impacted their application, 58.1% of those who did self‐identified as African American or Asian. A total of 8.7% of respondents felt the SVI added information about their professional behaviors and 11% felt that it added information about interpersonal and communication skills. Only 2.8% of survey respondents felt the SVI should remain a portion of the ERAS application.

Conclusions

Most respondents felt that the SVI was not an accurate representation of their interpersonal and communication skills or their professionalism and that it did not add value to their applications. While most cohorts were not concerned about bias regarding sex, ethnicity, sex, or age, a small subset felt that there was a potential for the SVI to bias the party reviewing their applications. Very few applicants felt the SVI should remain a part of the ERAS application. Applicant attitudes toward the SVI are largely negative and require further investigation prior to becoming a standard part of applicants’ ERAS files.
A convenient room temperature ipso‐nitration of arylboronic acid catalysed by molecular iodine using zirconium oxynitrate as nitrating species: An experimental and theoretical investigation
Authors: Mahanta Abhijit , Gour Nanda Kishor , Sarma Plaban Jyoti , Borah Raju Kumar , Raul Prasanta Kumar , Deka Ramesh Chandra , Thakur Ashim Jyoti , Bora Utpal
Published: May 2019

A simple and convenient protocol has been developed for ipso‐nitration of arylboronic acid catalysed by molecular iodine at room temperature, using zirconium oxynitrate as the nitrating species. The protocol is applicable to electronically diverse aryl‐ and heteroarylboronic acid moieties under mild reaction conditions with good to excellent isolated yields. Furthermore, a theoretical investigation has been performed for the same reaction, and reaction profiles are modelled using modern density functional theory (DFT). DFT‐based results support the experimentally observed results.
Selecting and ranking areas for conservation ofAegla(Crustacea: Decapoda: Anomura) in southern South America integrating biogeography, phylogeny and assessments of extinction risk
Authors: Tumini Georgina , Giri Federico , Williner Verónica , Collins Pablo A. , Morrone Juan J.
Published: May 2019

The rapid degradation of freshwater habitats in southern South America may cause the extinction of the endemic species ofAegla, as well as other freshwater species and components of riverside environments related to them. Information on the distribution of species and their conservation status is essential for developing conservation strategies.

The updated distribution ofAeglain its southernmost distribution was analysed in order to prioritize freshwater ecoregions, applying biogeographical, phylogenetic and conservation status and complementarity approaches.

The distributions of the species ofAeglawere delineated on maps and plotted against freshwater ecoregions. A data matrix of areas versus species was constructed and a taxon–area cladogram was created. Ecoregions were ranked, based on their species richness and using a complementarity criterion, to create a list of those considered important for conservation. The conservation status ofAeglaspecies was assessed on the basis of the categories and criteria of the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) to produce a decreasing order of the risk of species extinction. These assessments were combined to define a consensus ranking of the priority areas for conservation.

The areas of maximum species richness and endemicity, and consequently highest priority of conservation, were the Lower Parana and Patagonia ecoregions. The Cuyan Desaguadero and Mar Chiquita Salinas Grandes ecoregions were the areas of second priority, and the Chaco and Lower Uruguay ecoregions were the areas with the third priority for conservation. Ten out of the 20 species analysed fall within the threat categories of the IUCN. Sixty per cent of the species ofAeglaanalysed have at least one population contained in protected areas.

The results obtained may be used to design strategies for implementing conservation policies on freshwater species, generate biogeographical atlases and contribute to selecting Ramsar sites.
Use of Proprotein Convertase Subtilisin/Kexin Type 9 Inhibitors in Statin‐Associated Immune‐Mediated Necrotizing Myopathy: A Case Series
Authors: Tiniakou Eleni , Rivera Erika , Mammen Andrew L. , Christopher‐Stine Lisa
Published: May 2019

Objective

To determine the safety of proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) inhibitors in patients with statin‐associated anti–3‐hydroxy‐3‐methlyglutaryl coenzyme A reductase (anti‐HMGCR)–positive immune‐mediated necrotizing myopathy (IMNM).

Methods

Muscle strength was assessed in anti‐HMGCR–positive patients at each visit before and after initiation of PCSK9 inhibitors. The trends in creatine kinase (CK) levels and serum anti‐HMGCR antibody titers were monitored over time.

Results

Among 122 anti‐HMGCR–positive patients, we identified 8 patients who were receiving PCSK9 inhibitors for hyperlipidemia. Patients were followed up for an average of 1.5 years (range 3–37 months), and none exhibited reduction in muscle strength. The mean ± SD CK level prior to the initiation of PCSK9 inhibitors was 956 ± 1,137 IU/liter, which was reduced to 419 ± 393 IU/liter at their last visit. Anti‐HMGCR antibody titers followed a similar trend. Notably, in 2 patients, the initiation of the lipid‐lowering medication was followed by unanticipated spontaneous clinical improvement and reduction in immunosuppression.

Conclusion

PCSK9 inhibitors are safe for long‐term use as a cholesterol‐lowering agent in patients with statin‐associated IMNM.
Durchstanzen bei Ermüdungsbeanspruchung
Authors: Furche Johannes , Bauermeister Ulrich , Kummerow Andreas , Hillebrand Matthias
Published: May 2019

In punktförmig gestützten Flachdecken ist ein ausreichender Durchstanzwiderstand sicherzustellen. Wird die Decke ermüdungsrelevant beansprucht, ist im Rahmen der Bemessung auch der Ermüdungswiderstand nachzuweisen. Eurocode 2 fordert für Stahlbetonbauteile separate Ermüdungsnachweise gegen Betonversagen und Versagen der Bewehrung. Dieses Nachweiskonzept ist im aktuellen Eurocode 2 für einen Durchstanzbereich mit erforderlicher Durchstanzbewehrung nicht umfassend dargelegt. Für die Filigran®‐Durchstanzbewehrung wurde im Rahmen der Europäischen Technischen Bewertung ETA‐13/0521 ein solches Nachweiskonzept auf der Grundlage des Technischen Berichtes EOTA TR 058 formuliert. Danach ist sowohl die Durchstanzbewehrung auf der Grundlage einer ermittelten Wöhlerlinie nachzuweisen als auch ein Ermüdungsnachweis gegen Betonversagen, das den maximalen Durchstanzwiderstand bestimmt, zu führen. Dieses Nachweiskonzept wird im Beitrag erläutert.
Quantitative characterization of the concentration‐dependent interaction between molecules of Dextran 70 in aqueous solution: Measurement and analysis in the context of thermodynamic and compressible sphere models
Authors: Fernández Cristina , Fodeke Adedayo A. , Minton Allen P.
Published: May 2019

The static light scattering and sedimentation equilibrium of solutions of Dextran 70 were measured as functions of concentration up to 100 g/L in pH 7.4 phosphate‐buffered saline at temperatures between 5 and 37 °C. The concentration dependence of scattering intensity and the apparent molar mass obtained from sedimentation equilibrium were found to be nearly independent of temperature over this range to within the uncertainty of measurement. Global analysis of the concentration dependence of both properties yielded a reliable estimate of the concentration‐dependent thermodynamic activity coefficient, a quantitative measure of the free energy of self‐interaction. The self‐interaction between Dextran molecules is compared with that of a globular protein (BSA) and a highly crosslinked polymer of similar molar mass (Ficoll 70). The observed concentration dependence of the free energy of Dextran self‐interaction may be quantitatively accounted for by a semi‐empirical model in which the polymer molecule is represented by a compressible sphere.
Sensitive enantioseparation and determination of isoprenaline in human plasma and pharmaceutical formulations
Authors: Vashistha Vinod Kumar , Bhushan Ravi
Published: May 2019

A simple, sensitive and fast RPHPLC method was developed and validated for the enantioselective determination of (RS)‐isoprenaline (Ipn) in human plasma. The enantiomers were converted to diastereomeric derivatives using s‐triazine (cyanuric chloride) based chiral derivatizing reagents. l‐isoleucine and l‐methionine were introduced as chiral auxiliary in s‐triazine and two new monochloro‐s‐triazine reagents were synthesized. These reagents were characterized and used for synthesis of diastereomeric derivatives of (RS)‐Ipn spiked in human plasma. (RS)‐Ipn was isolated (purified and characterized) from a commercial pharmaceutical formulation and was used as the standard racemic sample. Structures of the two diastereomeric derivatives were optimized for lowest energy using the Gaussian 09 Rev A. 02 program and hybrid density functional B3LYP with 6‐31G* basis set which showed the spatial orientation of hydrophobic groups on stereogenic centers in the diastereomeric derivatives. The results were correlated with the mechanism of separation and elution order. Limit of detection values were found to be 24.6 and 26.8 ng mL−1 for the first and second eluting diastereomeric derivatives, respectively.
A genetic variant in PIK3R1 is associated with pancreatic cancer survival in the Chinese population
Authors: Zhu Ying , Ke Juntao , Gong Yajie , Yang Yang , Peng Xiating , Tian Jianbo , Zou Danyi , Yang Nan , Wang Xiaoyang , Mei Shufang , Rao Meilin , Ying Pingting , Deng Yao , Wang Haoxue , Zhang Hongli , Li Bin , Wan Hao , Li Yue , Niu Siyuan , Cai Yimin , Zhang Ming , Lu Zequn , Zhong Rong , Miao Xiaoping , Chang Jiang
Published: May 2019

Pancreatic cancer is one of the deadliest malignancies with few early detection tests or effective therapies. PI3K‐AKT signaling is recognized to modulate cancer progression. We previously identified that a genetic variant in PKN1 increased pancreatic cancer risk through the PKN1/FAK/PI3K/AKT pathway. In order to investigate the associations between genetic variations in that pathway and pancreatic cancer prognosis, we conducted a two‐stage survival analysis in a total of 547 Chinese pancreatic cancer patients. Consequently, a variant, rs13167294 A>C in PIK3R1, was significantly associated with poor survival in both stages and with hazard ratio being 1.32 (95% CI = 1.13‐1.56, P = 0.0007) in the combined analysis. Function annotation and prediction suggested that genetic variants in this locus might affect overall survival of pancreatic cancer patients by regulating PIK3R1 expression.
Electrochemistry of Layered Semiconducting AIIIBVI Chalcogenides: Indium Monochalcogenides (InS, InSe, InTe)
Authors: Wang Yong , Szökölová Katerina , Nasir Muhammad Zafir Mohamad , Sofer Zdenek , Pumera Martin
Published: May 2019

Layered AIIIBVI chalcogenides represent an interesting class semiconductors, where most of adopting 2D structures. Unlike the typical sandwiched structure of transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs), layered AIIIBVI chalcogenides like InSe and GaSe are composed of X−M−M−X motif where M is gallium/indium and X is sulfur/selenium/tellurium. The exception is InS, which adopt an orthorhombic 3D structure. Herein, we studied and compared the inherent electrochemical properties as well as the electrocatalytic performances towards hydrogen evolution (HER), oxygen evolution (OER) and oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) of indium monochalcogenides (InS, InSe and InTe). Inherent electrochemistry studies in phosphate buffered saline electrolyte showed that InS did not exhibit any inherent electrochemical signals when compared to bare glassy carbon electrode. However, InSe showed a reduction peak at −1.6 V while InTe had an oxidation peak at 0.2 V. The heterogeneous electron transfer (HET) rates of indium monochalcogenides were measured with [Fe(CN)6]3−/4− redox probe using cyclic voltammetry (vs. Ag/AgCl) at the scan rate of 100 mV s−1. It was found that InTe exhibited the best electrochemical performance with the fastest HET rate with highest
obtained (3.7×10−3 cm s−1). InS showed the best electrocatalytic performance for HER with the lowest overpotential value of 0.92 V at current density of −10 mA cm−2. However, the performances of indium monochalcogenides were almost comparable to that of bare glassy carbon electrode and do not exhibit any improvements in electrocatalytic capabilities. This study provides insights into the electrochemical properties and electrocatalytic performances of layered AIIIBVI indium monochalcogenides which would influence potential applications.
Association left ventricular lead and ventricular arrhythmias after upgrade to cardiac resynchronization therapy in patients with implantable cardioverter defibrillators
Authors: Kawamura Mitsuharu , Arai Shuhei , Yoshikawa Kosuke , Gokan Toshihiko , Ogawa Ko , Ochi Akinori , Onishi Yoshimi , Munetsugu Yumi , Ito Hiroyuki , Onuki Tatsuya , Kobayashi Youichi , Shinke Toshiro
Published: May 2019

Background

There are some controversial reports related to the pro‐arrhythmic or anti‐arrhythmic potential of cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) and little is known about the relationship between ventricular arrhythmia (VA) and left ventricular (LV)‐lead threshold.

Hypothesis

Upgrade CRT is anti‐arrhythmic effect of VA with implantable cardioverter‐defibrillator (ICD) patients and has a relationship with the incident of VA and LV‐lead threshold.

Methods

Among 384 patients with the implantation of CRT‐defibrillator (CRT‐D), 102 patients underwent an upgrade from ICD to CRT‐D. We divided patients into three groups; anti‐arrhythmic effect after upgrade (n = 22), pro‐arrhythmic effect (n = 14), and unchanging‐VA events (n = 66). The VA event was determined by device reports. We described the electrocardiography parameters, LV‐lead characteristics, and clinical outcomes.

Results

Before upgrade, the numbers of VA were 305 episodes and the numbers of ICD therapy were 157 episodes. While after upgrade, the numbers of VA were 193 episodes and the number of ICD therapy were 74 episodes. Ventricular tachycardia cycle length (VT‐CL) after upgrade was significantly slower as compared to those with before upgrade. Pro‐arrhythmic group was significantly higher with delta LV‐lead threshold (after 1 month—baseline) as compared to those with anti‐arrhythmic group (0.74 vs −0.21 V). Furthermore, pro‐arrhythmic group was significantly bigger with delta VT‐CL (after 3 months—before 3 months) as compared to those with anti‐arrhythmic group (P = .03).

Conclusions

We described upgrade‐CRT was associated with reduction of VA, ICD therapies and VT‐CL. While 14 patients had a pro‐arrhythmic effect and LV lead threshold might be associated with VA‐incidents.
Evaluation of the Safety, Tolerability, Pharmacokinetics, and Food Effect of Danirixin Hydrobromide Tablets in Japanese Healthy Elderly Participants
Authors: Iida Takayuki , Matsuzawa Yuki , Ogura Hirofumi , Nagakubo Takashi , Wakamatsu Akira , Ambery Claire , Miller Bruce E. , Lazaar Aili L. , Numachi Yotaro
Published: May 2019

Danirixin is a selective and reversible CXC chemokine receptor 2 antagonist that may be useful for the treatment of respiratory diseases such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. This study aimed to evaluate the safety, tolerability, and pharmacokinetics of danirixin after administration of single oral doses of 10, 50, and 100 mg danirixin hydrobromide (HBr) tablets in the fed state (high‐fat meal) (part 1) and to evaluate the food effect (low‐fat meal) on the pharmacokinetics of danirixin after administration of a single oral dose of 50 mg danirixin HBr tablets (part 2). A total of 34 Japanese healthy elderly male participants were enrolled; 18 participants were included in part 1, and 16 in part 2. The systemic exposure to danirixin (maximum blood concentration [Cmax] and area under the concentration‐time curve [AUC0‐t]) increased in an approximately dose‐proportional manner. The exposure to danirixin was lower in the fed state (low‐fat meal) than in the fasted state (a 56% and 35% decrease in Cmax and AUC0‐t, respectively). This first study of danirixin in Japanese healthy elderly participants showed a favorable safety profile with no drug‐related adverse events and no clinically significant concerns in clinical laboratory values, vital signs, ocular examination, or electrocardiograms.
Effectiveness of Antiplatelet Drugs Under Therapeutic Hypothermia: A Comprehensive Review
Authors: Eyileten Ceren , Soplinska Aleksandra , Pordzik Justyna , Siller‐Matula Jolanta M. , Postuła Marek
Published: May 2019

Out‐of‐hospital cardiac arrest is among the most frequent causes of death worldwide. Immediate intervention, as well as dual antiplatelet therapy consisting of acetylsalicylic acid and a P2Y12 inhibitor is often recommended. In line with the growing number of reports on cardiac arrest treatment, therapeutic hypothermia (TH) has been proposed for unconscious patients to improve neurological outcomes. Nevertheless, studies report controversial and often discrepant results on the effect of hypothermia on blood coagulability and platelet reactivity. In this review, we summarize the knowledge on platelet function under diverse hypothermic conditions. Additionally, we review the current literature on the effect of systemic hypothermia on pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties of antiplatelet agents. It has been shown that TH can alter the effectiveness of antiplatelet agents, including P2Y12 inhibitors, through multiple mechanisms, hence, special attention should be paid while implementing antiplatelet therapy in patients under TH conditions.
Hydroxyl Radical Addition to Thymine and Cytosine and Photochemistry of the Adducts at the C6 Position
Authors: Borràs Vicent J. , Francés‐Monerris Antonio , Roca‐Sanjuán Daniel
Published: May 2019

Oxidative damage can compromise the biological function of DNA/RNA nucleobases. Among the several agents that can cause oxidative damage in cells, the hydroxyl radical (.OH) is considered one of the most reactive species able to add at either the C5 or C6 positions of the C5=C6 double bond of pyrimidine nucleobases. The present work tackles, firstly, the ground state reactivity of the thymine and cytosine nucleobases with .OH using the DFT method. We find that the most favorable attack occurs at the C5 atom in both cases, although C6 is also probable, as observed in previous experimental studies. Secondly, the photochemistry of the C6OH. and T6OH. adducts (which can absorb visible light) is studied at the CASPT2//CASSCF level of theory. In C6OH., the most probable decay corresponds to the return to the initial geometry, whereas in T6OH., distinct processes can compete: (i) return to the Franck‐Condon region, (ii) deactivation by fluorescence emission, (iii) reversion of the oxidation lesion and (iv) the formation of an unstable ketene photoproduct reported herein for the first time.
Excited State Conformations of Bridged and Unbridged Pyrene Excimers
Authors: Reiter Sebastian , Roos Matthias K. , de Vivie‐Riedle Regina
Published: May 2019

Pyrene is a prime example of molecules that form dimers in the excited state. These excimers give rise to a highly distinguishable, red‐shifted emission band which is of major importance in applications such as bio‐labeling, light‐harvesting or as organic sensors. Understanding this excimer fluorescence on a molecular level is therefore of crucial importance. We systematically investigate excited state conformations of pyrene dimers, using quantum chemical calculations and geometry optimizations. Furthermore, we study the effects of a bridging alkyl chain between the pyrene units on the conformation of the excimers. We report several conformations that were previously unknown. While fluorescence from the often discussed fully stacked excimer structures is symmetry forbidden, the newly found molecular arrangements where the pyrene units are rotated against each other are emissive in the experimentally observed range. These minima can be a contributing factor to the observed broadened fluorescence band of pyrene excimers.
Switching on the green light for chimeric antigen receptor T‐cell therapy
Authors: Mardiana Sherly , Lai Junyun , House Imran Geoffrey , Beavis Paul Andrew , Darcy Phillip Kevin
Published: May 2019

Adoptive cellular therapy involving genetic modification of T cells with chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) transgene offers a promising strategy to broaden the efficacy of this approach for the effective treatment of cancer. Although remarkable antitumor responses have been observed following CAR T‐cell therapy in a subset of B‐cell malignancies, this has yet to be extended in the context of solid cancers. A number of promising strategies involving reprogramming the tumor microenvironment, increasing the specificity and safety of gene‐modified T cells and harnessing the endogenous immune response have been tested in preclinical models that may have a significant impact in patients with solid cancers. This review will discuss these exciting new developments and the challenges that must be overcome to deliver a more sustained and potent therapeutic response.
Heart failure in Finland: clinical characteristics, mortality, and healthcare resource use
Authors: Huusko Jenni , Kurki Samu , Toppila Iiro , Purmonen Timo , Lassenius Mariann , Gullberg Elisabet , Wirta Sara Bruce , Ukkonen Heikki
Published: May 2019

Aims

The aims of this study were to describe patient characteristics of the adult chronic heart failure (HF) population and to estimate the prevalence, incidence, healthcare resource utilization (HCRU), and mortality associated with HF in Southwest Finland.

Methods and results

This was a retrospective biobank and clinical registry study. Adult patients with an HF diagnosis (International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems (ICD) code I50) during 2004–2013 in secondary care were included in the study and compared with age‐matched and gender‐matched control patients without an I50 diagnosis. HF patients were stratified in groups by left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) as follows: LVEF < 40% [HF with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF)]; LVEF ≥ 40% [HF with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF)]; or unknown (LVEF unknown). HCRU was stratified by inpatient, outpatient, and emergency room visits. In 2013, the incidence of HF was 3.2/1000, and the prevalence was 13.9/1000 inhabitants (n = 15 594). In the stratified analysis of HF patients (n = 8833, average ± SD age 77.1 ± 11.2), 1115 (12.6%) patients had HFrEF (female 31.3%), 1449 (16.4%) had HFpEF (female 50.9%), and 6269 (71%) had unknown LVEF (female 52.1%). The most common co‐morbidities were essential hypertension (58%), chronic elevated serum creatinine (57.3%), atrial fibrillation and flutter (55.1%), and chronic ischaemic heart disease (46.4%). Patients with HF diagnosis had higher HCRU compared with that of age‐matched and gender‐matched controls (3.7 more days per year at the hospital for HF patients compared with the controls). The total 5 year mortality was 62.6% for HF patients and 28.3% for controls, with higher age being the strongest predictor of mortality. Moreover, multivariable Cox regression analysis showed that patients with HFrEF had a 13% (95% confidence interval 2.7–25%) increased risk of mortality compared with HFpEF patients.

Conclusions

The high mortality rate and HCRU among the studied HF patients highlight the severity of the disease and the economic and social burden on both patients and society. This calls for improved methods of care for this large patient population.
Short‐chain fatty acids: Bacterial messengers modulating the immunometabolism of T cells
Authors: Luu Maik , Visekruna Alexander
Published: May 2019

Short‐chain fatty acids (SCFAs) are mainly generated by bacterial fermentation of non‐digestible carbohydrates such as dietary fiber. In the last decade, new investigations have revealed that SCFAs have a very specific function and serve as active microbial metabolites, which are able to modulate the function of immune cells in the intestine and other tissues. Recent studies have highlighted the immunomodulatory potential of SCFAs in several autoimmune and inflammatory disorders such as multiple sclerosis, colitis, type 1 diabetes and rheumatoid arthritis. While the SCFA‐mediated activation of GPR41/GPR43 signalling pathways and their inhibitory activity on histone deacetylases have been extensively investigated, the impact of SCFAs on the T cell metabolism is poorly understood. SCFAs induce metabolic alterations in T cells by enhancing the activity of the mTOR complex and by regulating their glucose metabolism. Once taken up into T lymphocytes, SCFA‐derived acetyl groups contribute to the cellular acetyl‐CoA pool, which influences the histone acetylation and cytokine gene expression. This article reviews how SCFAs modulate the metabolic status of T cells, thereby impacting on epigenetic modifications and T cell function. We will also discuss how the recent findings from SCFA biology might be utilized for potential immune therapies of various autoimmune diseases.
Comparison of Acute and Chronic Toxicity Laboratory Bioassay Endpoints with Benthic Community Responses in Field-Exposed Contaminated Sediments
Authors: Moore David W. , Farrar Daniel , Altman Safra , Bridges Todd S.
Published: May 2019

Sediment toxicity is usually assessed by conducting laboratory bioassays on thoroughly homogenized, field-collected, sediment samples. Although it is generally held that these bioassays provide a conservative assessment of the potential for environmental impact, there are few studies comparing the results of laboratory sediment bioassays with actual measures of benthic community health in exposed field populations. To help inform an understanding of the relative efficacy of laboratory-based bioassays in predicting potential impacts in exposed field populations, a laboratory-to-field comparison study was conducted. Laboratory bioassays included standard 10-d acute toxicity tests measuring survival in 4 species of estuarine/marine amphipods (Eohaustorius estuarius, Ampelisca abdita, Rhepoxinius abronius, and Leptocheirus plumulosus) and 2 longer term, 28-d sublethal tests with a marine polychaete, Neanthes arenaceodentata (survival and growth), and the amphipod L. plumulosus (survival, growth, and reproduction). A highly contaminated and toxic sediment was mixed with a cleaner sediment of similar grain size to produce a series of diluted contaminated sediment treatments (0, 6, 12, 25, and 50%). Sediment treatments were placed in containers and deployed in the field. At specified intervals (at time of deployment and 9 and 12 mo post deployment), containers were retrieved from the field and analyzed for sediment chemistry, infaunal community composition, and toxicity. Laboratory toxicity endpoints were compared with measures of benthic community health to evaluate the ability of the toxicity tests to accurately predict benthic impacts. The results of these comparisons indicate that the laboratory tests evaluated provide conservative estimates of potential benthic community impacts, with both acute and chronic tests detecting effects at lower treatment levels than were detected in exposed field populations using traditional measures of benthic community health. Environ Toxicol Chem 2019;38:1784–1802. Published 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of SETAC. This article is a US government work, and as such, is in the public domain in the United States of America.
Widespread shortfalls in protected area resourcing undermine efforts to conserve biodiversity
Authors: Coad Lauren , Watson James EM , Geldmann Jonas , Burgess Neil D , Leverington Fiona , Hockings Marc , Knights Kathryn , Di Marco Moreno
Published: May 2019

Protected areas (PAs) are a key tool in efforts to safeguard biodiversity against increasing anthropogenic threats. As signatories to the 2011–2020 Strategic Plan for Biodiversity, 196 nations pledged support for expansion in the extent of the global PA estate and the quality of PA management. While this has resulted in substantial increases in PA designations, many sites lack the resources needed to guarantee effective biodiversity conservation. Using management reports from 2167 PAs (with an area representing 23% of the global terrestrial PA estate), we demonstrate that less than a quarter of these PAs report having adequate resources in terms of staffing and budget. Using data on the geographic ranges of the 11,919 terrestrial vertebrate species overlapping our sample of PAs, we estimate that only 4–9% of terrestrial amphibians, birds, and mammals are sufficiently represented within the existing global PA estate, when only adequately resourced PAs are considered. While continued expansion of the world's PAs is necessary, a shift in emphasis from quantity to quality is critical to effectively respond to the current biodiversity crisis.
Economic Activity Generated by Angling at Small South Dakota Lakes
Authors: Sundmark Aaron P , Gigliotti Larry M
Published: May 2019

Many agencies overlook the values affiliated with relatively small fisheries throughout their jurisdictions. The economic activity associated with angling visits to seven small fisheries in South Dakota was estimated using IMPLAN software. The average economic activity associated with fishing at individual lakes in 2016 was US$35,369/lake, which was estimated to support an average of 0.48 jobs and create $5,572 in tax revenues. We observed that lakes with the highest proportions of ice fishing pressure also had the greatest associated economic activity, even though several of these had the lowest overall fishing pressure throughout the year. In addition to economic activity, the zone of influence for each lake was estimated and compared with the proximity to urban centers. The inclusion of economic information from small fisheries may play an important role in influencing key strategic planning efforts by management agencies and in estimating the overall economic importance of angling on broader scales.