bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The assessment of Noise Immunity in Domino Employing Silicon Nano Materials
Authors: Garg Sandeep , Gupta Tarun Kumar , Pandey Amit Kumar , Pandey Digvijay , Rajput Prince
Published: October 2023

This article describes a novel Low Voltage Noise Immune Domino Logic (LVNIDL), which can be used to create CMOS domino using Si Nanomaterials. In 32 nm nano size silicon CMOS technology, wide fan-in input domino OR gate have been proposed and have already undergone HSPICE simulation. For the transient analysis of domino gates in the simulation, a D.C supply voltage of 0.9V and a frequency of 100 MHz are utilised. The proposed technique consumes 76.07% less power than the preceding conditional stacked keeper domino logic. Furthermore, when compared to the existing CPVT technique, the designed LVNIDL technique reduces maximum delay by 56.25%. The LVNIDL technique boosts the power delay product by up to 88.54% and the EDP by up to 95.31% when compared to earlier domino. In terms of unity noise gain, the LVNIDL technique outperforms the earlier domino by 1.09 to 1.47 times.
SHDC: An Smart Hybrid Data Compression Method in WBANs
Authors: HajilooVakil Mahdieh , Shirmohammadi Zahra
Published: October 2023

The Wireless Body Area Networks (WBANs) are a set of sensors on the human s body that are designed in very small sizes. These sensors are faced with the exchange of a huge amount of data, which causes them to run out of energy consumption. One of the most effective methods to save the sensors' energy is the use of data compression. However the problem of compression methods in WBANs is inadequate for compressing large amounts of duplicate data. In this regard, a new method called Smart Hybrid Data Compression (SHDC) is presented. SHDC method use Recurrent Neural Network (RNN) and Run Length Encoding (RLE) which involves four key steps: 1-create and fit the LSTM network, 2-prediction, 3-calculate error and 4-compressed by lossless procedure. The presented method has a very good performance in energy consumption, data volume reduction by removing unimportant and repetitive data in the exchange of information between sensors and sink, high accuracy in data prediction and achieving a high compression rate due to low error. The SHDC method is implemented on the data set received from body sensors including blood pressure systolic, blood pressure diastolic, heart rate, respiration and SPO2. In the last step the differences between predictions and original signals are coded by four lossless coding: RLE, Huffman, Limpel Ziv Welch (LZW) and Arithmetic. Three measurements of Compression Ratio (CR), Energy Remaining (ER) and Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) after data compression have been measured. Our results compared with state-of-art lossless coding methods. Results show the SHDC method with RNN and RLE has the highest energy saving on average of 98% by maintaining the appropriate compression ratio.
Dynamic analysis of resistance in Colombian elite Hevea brasiliensis genotypes as a breeding strategy for enhancing South American leaf blight management under disease non-escape conditions in the Amazon region
Authors: Galindo-Rodríguez Lyda Constanza , Sterling Armando , Muñoz-Ramirez Herminton , Martínez-Moyano Edgar , Fonseca-Restrepo Jesica Andrea , Loaiza-Molina Luis Carlos
Published: October 2023

South American Leaf Blight (SALB) stands as the primary limitation to the establishment of new rubber (Hevea brasiliensis) crops in Latin America. This study aimed to assess the temporal dynamics of resistance to SALB in 99 elite Colombian genotypes and the IAN 873 cultivar (control) of H. brasiliensis in small-scale clone trials conducted under conditions with a high disease prevalence in the northwestern Colombian Amazon. Resistance monitoring was carried out on a monthly basis and analyzed over five climatic periods. Three variables were recorded: attack severity (AT, ranging from 0 to 4), reaction type (TR, ranging from 1 to 6) and stromal density (ST, ranging from 0 to 4). The maximum scores for TR and ST were used to classify the level of resistance of the genotypes. Highly significant differences in the mean values of AT, TR and ST among the genotypes, across the periods, and in the interaction between genotype and period were found. Over time, an increase in symptoms (AT) and signs (TR and ST) of SALB was observed. During the rainy periods, SALB intensity was highest, resulting in a leaf area affected ranging from 16–30%. Eight genotypes exhibited partial resistance (PR) (TR < 5 and ST < 2), while 16 genotypes demonstrated complete resistance (CR) (TR < 3 and ST = 0), and 76 genotypes were highly susceptible (HS) (TR > 5 or ST > 2). The temporal analysis early on identified 23 Colombian superior genotypes with varying degrees of SALB resistance, which can be a valuable breeding resource for improving SALB management in the Colombian Amazon region.
Real space iterative reconstruction for vector tomography (RESIRE-V)
Authors: Pham Minh , Osher Stanley , Miao Jianwei , Rana Arjun , Lu Xinyuan
Published: October 2023

Tomography has had an important impact on the physical, biological, and medical sciences. To date, most tomographic applications have been focused on 3D scalar reconstructions. However, in some crucial applications, vector tomography is required to reconstruct 3D vector fields such as the electric and magnetic fields. Over the years, several vector tomography methods have been developed. Here, we present the mathematical foundation and algorithmic implementation of REal Space Iterative REconstruction for Vector tomography, termed RESIRE-V. RESIRE-V uses multiple tilt series of projections and iterates between the projections and a 3D reconstruction. Each iteration consists of a forward step using the Radon transform and a backward step using its transpose, then updates the object via gradient descent. Incorporating with a 3D support constraint, the algorithm iteratively minimizes an error metric, defined as the difference between the measured and calculated projections. The algorithm can also be used to refine the tilt angles and further improve the 3D reconstruction. To validate RESIRE-V, we first apply it to a simulated data set of the 3D magnetization vector field, consisting of two orthogonal tilt series, each with a missing wedge. Our quantitative analysis shows that the three components of the reconstructed magnetization vector field agree well with the ground-truth counterparts. We then use RESIRE-V to reconstruct the 3D magnetization vector field of a ferromagnetic meta-lattice consisting of three tilt series. Our 3D vector reconstruction reveals the existence of topological magnetic defects with positive and negative charges. We expect that RESIRE-V can be incorporated into different imaging modalities as a general vector tomography method.To make the algorithm accessible to a broad user community,, we have made our RESIRE-V MATLAB source codes and the data freely available at https://github.com/minhpham0309/RESIRE-V.
Integrated bioinformatic analysis of the shared mechanisms in endochondral ossification Between ossification of the ligamentum flavum (OLF) and ankylosing spondylitis (AS)
Authors: Yishan Liu , Li Yang , Liu Yixuan , Gao Zhongya , Zhang Jianjun , Qiu Youcai , Wang Can , Lu Xuhua , Yang Jiandong
Published: October 2023

Ossification of the ligamentum flavum (OLF) and ankylosing spondylitis (AS) are complex maladies characterized by the progressive process of endochondral ossification. This study aims to elucidate shared biomarkers related to ectopic ossification and the potential molecular regulatory mechanism. Microarray and RNA-seq datasets, obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database, were utilized to discern differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the OLF and AS datasets. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) was conducted to identify co-expression modules associated with OLF and AS. Furthermore, the central hub genes were thoughtfully selected through the application of the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression, and three pivotal hub genes (MAB21L2, MEGF10, ISLR) were screened. Among these, ROC analysis demonstrated the exceptional diagnostic potential of MAB21L2. Finally, an examination of immune infiltration patterns unveiled activated CD8 T cells as shared differential immune infiltrating cells, significantly linked to MAB21L2 in both pathogeneses. This study represents the first instance of identifying MAB21L2 as a prospective diagnostic marker for patients contending with OLF complicated by AS. Results suggest a plausible association with the extracellular matrix (ECM)-receptor interaction in both pathogeneses, thereby offering valuable insights into the pathogenesis of spinal ligament ossification and unveiling promising therapeutic targets.
Developing a critical care visualization touch panel system to support rapid and accurate data interpretation
Authors: Kamio Tadashi
Published: October 2023

Purpose Critical care patients require constant monitoring of their vital signs and test results; however, gathering these data can be challenging. However, studies have indicated that visualization dashboards can enhance situational awareness by streamlining data collection, reducing difficulties, and minimizing errors. Therefore, we developed a bedside display that enables rapid and accurate access to the information required for critical care. Methods Only critical care data from the existing system were extracted and reconfigured onto a bedside display to avoid costly and time-consuming electronic health records (EHR) transitions. Results Real-time bedside display has four major benefits: improved data reliability during rounds, earlier accessibility for surgeons, quicker recognition of patient condition changes by nurses, and transition from paper to digital data collection and monitoring in the Intensive care unit (ICU). Conclusion Our approach to reuse EHR data to support critical care management offers a new perspective that may be replicated in other facilities.
Determination of Meaningful Block Sizes for Rock Fall Modelling
Authors: Illeditsch Mariella , Preh Alexander
Published: October 2023

The determination of the so-called design block is one of the central elements of the Austrian Guideline for rock fall protection ONR 24810. It is specified as a certain percentile (P95-P98, depending on event frequency) of a recorded block size distribution (BSD). BSDs may be determined from the detachment area (IBSD) and/or from the deposition area (RBSD). Deposition areas, if available, are generally accessible and measurable without technical aids. However, most measuring methods are subjective, uncertain, not verifiable, or inaccurate. Also, rock fall blocks are often fragmented due to the preceding fall process. The IBSD is (also) required for meaningful rock fall modelling. The statistical method seems the most efficient and cost-effective method to determine IBSDs with many blocks within the full range of block sizes. In current literature, joint properties are often described by the lognormal and exponential distribution functions. Today, we can model Synthetic Rock Masses (SRM) based on Discrete Fracture Networks (DFN). DFNs statistically describe the geometric properties of the joint sets. This way, we can carry out exact rock mass block surveys and determine IBSDs. We asked whether IBSDs derived from SRM models can be described by probability distribution functions and if yes, how well. We fitted various distribution functions to three determined IBSDs of different lithologies. We compared their correlations using the KS test and the MSE method. We show that the generalized exponential distribution function best describes IBSDs across various lithologies, when compared to 78 other distribution functions. This could allow for more certain, accurate, verifiable, holistic, and objective results. Further investigations are required.
Research on the Mechanism of Duhuo in Treating Intervertebral Disc Degeneration based on Bioinformatics and Network Pharmacology
Authors: Liu Fei , Xu Zhiwei , Zhang Chi , Yang Lei , Li Zhifa , Wu Xiaofei , Jiang Chen , Liu Zongchao , Chen Feng , Yan Qian
Published: October 2023

Background
Intervertebral disc degeneration (IVDD) is a common orthopedic disease in middle-aged and elderly people, and the low back pain caused by it brings a heavy burden on the economy and life of patients. The study found that the apoptosis and autophagy of nucleus pulposus cells mediated by BCL2, CASP3, CASP8, CASP9, etc. are closely related to IVDD. In addition, studies have found that Duhuo has the effect of anti-inflammation and improving intervertebral disc degeneration, but the specific molecular mechanism is still unclear.
Methods
In this study, we used bioinformatics methods to discover the apoptosis and autophagy molecular mechanisms of IVDD, and further discovered the apoptosis and autophagy mechanisms of Duhuo in treating intervertebral disc degeneration through network pharmacology.
Results
Through bioinformatics analysis, we found that NLRP3, IL6, A KT1, M MP9 and other inflammatory factors are highly expressed in patients with IVDD. The main cellular processes involved are senescence, apoptosis, autophagy, and ferroptosis. The key signaling pathways are HIF − 1, FoXo, PI3k-Ak and other signaling pathways, the key immune cells are T cells and Th 17 cells. Network pharmacology found that Ammidin, isoimperatorin, beta-sitosterol, O- acetylcolumbianetin, and Angelol D, the main active ingredients of Duhuo, may play an important role. There are 23 potential targets for the treatment of IVDD by living alone, among which BCL, CASP3, CASP8, CASP9, ERR1 and PTGS1 may play an important role. Enrichment analysis showed that Duhuo mainly improves intervertebral disc degeneration by regulating apoptosis, autophagy, HIF − 1, and PI3k -Akt signaling pathways. Molecular docking results showed that beta-sitosterol, the main active ingredient of Duhuo, can interact with key targets. Effective combination further confirms our results.
Conclusion
In summary, we have revealed the molecular mechanism of intervertebral disc degeneration, and further discovered the intrinsic mechanism by which Duhuo regulates nucleus pulposus cell apoptosis and autophagy to improve IVDD.
Maternal obesity, interpregnancy weight changes and congenital heart defects in the offspring: a nationwide cohort study
Authors: Hedermann Gitte , Thagaard Ida , Hedley Paula , Krebs Lone , Hagen Christian , Sorensen Thorkild , Christiansen Michael , Ekelund Charlotte
Published: October 2023

Objective To evaluate the association between maternal BMI and congenital heart defects (CHDs) in the offspring when including live births, stillbirths, aborted and terminated pregnancies and to investigate if maternal interpregnancy weight changes between the first and second pregnancy influences risk of foetal CHDs.Methods A nationwide cohort study of all singleton pregnancies in Denmark from 2008 to 2018. Data were retrieved from the Danish Foetal Medicine Database, which included both pre- and postnatal diagnoses of CHDs. Children or foetuses with chromosomal aberrations were excluded. Relative risks were calculated using log-linear Poisson models for CHDs overall, severe CHDs and for five of the most prevalent subtypes of CHDs.Results Of the 547 178 pregnancies included in the cohort, 5 498 had CHDs (1.0%). Risk of CHDs became gradually higher with higher maternal BMI; for BMI 30-34.9 kg/m2, adjusted relative risk (aRR) 1.23 (95% CI 1.12–1.36), for BMI 35-39.9 kg/m2, aRR 1.26 (95% CI 1.09–1.46) and for BMI ≥ 40 kg/m2, aRR 1.81 (95% CI 1.50–2.15). Data was adjusted for maternal age, smoking status and year of estimated due date. The same pattern was seen for the subgroup of severe CHDs. Among the atrioventricular septal defects (n = 245), a particularly strong association with maternal BMI ≥ 40 kg/m2 was seen, aRR 4.19 (95% CI 2.13–7.42). 107 627 women were identified with their first and second pregnancies in the cohort. Interpregnancy BMI change was associated, albeit not statistically significant, with risk of CHDs in the second pregnancy when adjusting for maternal age and BMI, with an aRR 1.27 (95% CI 0.96–1.64) among persons with a BMI increase of ≥ 4 kg/m2.Conclusion Risk of foetal CHDs became gradually higher with higher maternal BMI, but only a non-significant association was seen for interpregnancy weight changes and risk of CHDs.
Automated Conflict Detection in Software Functional Requirements using Rule-Based Natural Language Processing
Authors: Malik Urooj Ali , Bangash Yawar Abbas , Iqbal Waseem , Zhenisbekovna Shynar Mussiraliyeva , Hammad Muhammad
Published: October 2023

The requirement phase stands as the keystone of the software development process , establishing the bedrock upon which successful software projects are built. This paper underscores the critical significance of the requirement phase and the timely resolution of inconsistencies within it. Accurate and complete requirement gathering forms the linchpin of software quality and functionality, making it pivotal for project success. However, manual identification of conflicts and inconsistencies in requirements can be a formidable task, often elusive due to their subtlety and concealed nature. The ramifications of unresolved inconsistencies in software requirements can lead to chaos in later stages of development, necessitating costly and time-consuming 1 revisions. To circumvent these challenges, there is a pressing need for automated conflict detection mechanisms in software requirements. In this research, we present a novel automated approach based on rule-based techniques to detect redundant and conflicting requirements. Our methodology is structured into multiple layers, commencing with the identification of key elements such as actors, actions, Action Negativity, events, event negativity, and restrictions within software requirements. To accomplish this, we harness the power of the CoreNLP library and implement specific Natural Language Processing (NLP) rules. Once these elements are discerned, we employ predefined rules to flag conflicts. To validate the efficacy of our approach, we conducted extensive testing utilizing real-world datasets, including WorldVista and Pure. Our results showcase a remarkable performance, with an average precision rate of 92%, a recall rate of 94.5%, and an impressive F1-score of 93% for both the WorldVista and Pure datasets. This research paves the way for enhanced software requirement analysis and lays the foundation for more robust and error-free software development processes.
Airborne imagery does not preclude detectability issues in estimating bird colony size
Authors: Couturier Thibaut , Gaillard Laurie , Vadier Almodis , Dautrey Emilien , Mathey Jérôme , Besnard Aurélien
Published: October 2023

Aerial images obtained by drones are increasingly used for ecological research such as wildlife monitoring. Yet detectability issues resulting from animal activity or visibility are rarely considered, although these may lead to biased population size and trend estimates. In this study, we investigated detectability in a census of Malagasy pond heron Ardeola idae colonies on the island of Mayotte. We conducted repeated drone flights over breeding colonies in mangrove habitats during two breeding seasons. We then identified individuals and nests in the images and fitted closed capture-recapture models on nest-detection histories. We observed seasonal variation in the relative abundance of individuals, and intra-daily variation in the relative abundance of immature birds, affecting the availability of nests for detection. The detection probability of nests estimated by capture-recapture varied between 0.58 and 0.74 depending on flyover days and decreased 25% between early and late morning. A simulation showed that three flyovers are necessary to detect a 5–6% decline in colonies of 50 to 200 nests. These results indicate that the detectability of nests of forest-canopy breeding species from airborne imagery can vary over space and time; we recommend the use of capture-recapture methods to control for this bias.
Prediction of a lncRNA-miRNA co-expression network as a prognostic marker in glioblastoma
Authors: Liu Zhengzheng , Wang Min , Kuang Weilu
Published: October 2023

Glioblastoma has the characteristics of high proliferation and high metastasis; it has become one of the most difficult tumors to treat in clinic. Recently, more and more attention has been paid to the role of competitive endogenous RNA (cyclin-inhibitor receptor, CeRNA) in cancer. However, there is still limited research on the role of endogenous RNA interactions based on high-throughput sequencing data in the occurrence and development of glioblastoma. In this study, RNA-seq data (miRNA expression profile and lncRNA expression profile) and clinical follow-up data (age, survival time, etc) of human brain low-grade glioblastomas (LGG) were obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. In addition, CIBERSORT was applied to assess immune infiltrates and microenvironmental indicators in LGG. The similarities between the mRNA modules with clinical traits were subjected to weighted correlation network analysis (WGCNA). Based on the mRNAs from clinical-related modules, a survival model was established by univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazard regression analyses. In the survival model, 519 glioblastoma patients were divided into high-risk (N = 259) and low-risk (N = 260) groups and this model predicts one-year survival in LGG patients, with an AUC of 0.88. Then, we predicted interactions between lncRNAs and miRNAs by starBase. Finally, we identified lncRNA PSMA3-AS1 and miR-143-3p for the construction of a ceRNA network, which might play a key role in the development of glioblastoma and act as a prognostic biomarker of glioblastoma. In this study, we hypothesize that this ceRNA network will impact the immune activity and tumor microenvironment changes in glioblastoma. Therefore, this study provides a new direction for investigating the development and treatment of glioblastoma.
Test Anxiety Among Health Profession Students: A Cross-Sectional Survey at Fatima College of Health Sciences in Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
Authors: El-Sobkey Salwa B. , Banu Shaik Balkhis , Hammoud Emne , Salih Suliman , Sachdeva Monika , Kamil Noon , Aldawsari Aisha Namshan , Cottam Scott
Published: October 2023

Background: Test anxiety (TA) affects students before and/or during exams and has become an incremental worldwide phenomenon.
Objectives: This study aimed to measure the TA intensity for health professionstudents (HPSs) at the Fatima College of Health Sciences (FCHS) at Al Ain Campus, UAE, and to recognize demographic and academic correlative and/or associated factors.
Methods: A three-section questionnaire was used to collect data including the HPSs’ demographic and academic characteristics as well as to collect their response to the achievement anxiety test (AAT). This AAT assesses the intensity of TA and determines two independent subscales of debilitating and facilitating patterns of this TA. The HPSs were recruited from five departments at the FCHS to voluntarily participate in the study.
Results: The number of students who participated in the study was 215 from all academic levels. The results revealed that the mean totalAAT score was 57.2 points (60.2%), with no significant difference among departments; the debilitating independent subscale had 31.9%, and the facilitating independent subscale had 28.3%. All the studied academic factors and two of the studied personal factors showed a significant correlation withAAT scores.
Interpretation: The HPSs at FCHS, Al-Ain Campus had a moderate TA intensity level, and almost half of this TA is of the good facilitating type that encourages and motivates students to study and prepare well for their exams. Senior students with high college entry grades, high GPA in the previous semester, high CGPA, a lower average course load per semester, living in a villa, and having family social support had significantly lower AAT scores.
Conclusions: The HPSs at FCHS have a comparatively lower TA intensity than other health colleges in the UAE and Gulf region. Different academic and demographic factors showed a significant correlation with AAT scores.
Developing Implementation Strategies for Promoting Integrative Oncology Outpatient Service Delivery and Utilisation: A Qualitative Study in Hong Kong
Authors: Ho Leonard , Kwong Ming Hong , Li Angus SC , Nilsen Per , Ho Fai Fai , Zhong Claire CW , Wong Charlene HL , Ling Lin Wai , Chung Vincent CH
Published: October 2023

Purpose:Current evidence supports the use of integrative oncology (IO) interventions in cancer supportive care. The demand for outpatient IO services in Hong Kong is expected to soar following the surge in cancer incidence in an ageing population. This study identified the implementation determinants of delivering and utilising outpatient IO from local stakeholders’ perspectives and developed corresponding implementation strategies.Methods:This study involved two sequential stages. First, with individual semi-structured interviews guided by the Theoretical Domains Framework (TDF), we explored stakeholders’ views on the barriers to and facilitators for implementing IO. Second, guided by a TDF-based qualitative data analysis of interview transcripts, we performed intervention mapping to develop Behaviour Change Wheel-based implementation strategies that may overcome the barriers and strengthen the facilitators.Results:We interviewed 31 stakeholders, including traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) practitioners (n=8), biomedically-trained doctors (n=7), nurses (n=6), administrators (n=4), caregivers (n=4), and pharmacists (n=2). The common local implementation determinants of IO are (1) lacking nursing and administrative manpower supporting IO service delivery, (2) lacking awareness of IO services among healthcare professionals, administrators, patients, and caregivers, and (3) lacking knowledge among healthcare professionals of herb–drug interaction and herbal toxicities.Conclusion:We recommended a multi-faceted implementation strategies package that included arranging additional funding to train, recruit, and retain experienced nursing and administrative staff, devolving resources into demonstrating successful interprofessional collaborations and clinical evidence on IO effectiveness and safety, integrating evidence on herb–drug interactions and herbal toxicities into automated electronic health record systems monitored by pharmacists with dual qualifications in TCM and conventional pharmacy.
Fuzheng Kang-Ai decoction increases the sensitivity of Gefitinib via inducing Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer ferroptosis through AMPK/SLC7A11 pathway
Authors: Zhao YueYang , Xu MengFei , Wang ShuJing , Zhong NanXing , Qiu ShengHong , Tang Qing , Zhou QiChun , Pang YanQing , Lin HuanMei , Yang XiaoBing , Wu WanYin , Wang SuMei
Published: October 2023

Background:
Fuzheng Kang-Ai decoction (FZKA), which consists of twelve Chinese herbal medicines (CHM), has been extensively used in the treatment of Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC) patients. It was reported in our preceding study that the progression-free survival (PFS) could be prolonged and the toxic effect was reduced after the combination of FZKA and Gefitinib (GFTN) comparing to GFTN alone. Recent studies have shown that FZKA could promote ferroptosis in NSCLC cells. Hence, we assumed that FZKA might strengthen the effect of GFTN by regulating cell ferroptosis in NSCLC.
Results:
First of all, according to our results, FZKA increased the inhibition effect of NSCLC by GFTN in vitro. Next, we found that FZKA increased the sensitivity of GFTN on cell ferroptosis by testing lipid peroxidation and intracellular-free iron. Interestingly, the effect of FZKA on increasing sensitivity of GFTN in NSCLC cells could be reversed by blocking ferroptosis. Additionally, the results demonstrated that the expression of AMPKα was increased and SLC7A11 reduced in the combined treatment group, at both mRNA and protein levels. Notably, the inhibition of AMPKα reversed the effect of FZKA on increasing GFTN sensitivity. Finally, in vivoexperiments validated that FZKA strengthened the effect of GFTN by inducing NSCLC cell ferroptosis.
Conclusions:
Based on our findings, we conclude that FZKA increases the sensitivity of GFTN via inducing NSCLC ferroptosis through AMPK/SLC7A11 pathway, providing the solid evidences to the treatment of FZKA together with GFTN in NSCLC patients.
Explanations from ChatGPT: Targeted Task Improvements But No Generalized Gains in Metacognitive Abilities for Novice Language Learners
Authors: Mousazadeh Mohammad
Published: October 2023

This study investigated the potential benefits of ChatGPT’s explainability for enhancing self-regulated learning in novice language learners. Specifically, explanations from ChatGPT were explored as a tool to improve metacognitive awareness and task performance. 50 intermediate Iranian English learners engaged with either an explainable version of ChatGPT that justified its feedback or a non-explainable version without elucidations. Quantitative results showed no significant differences between groups on standardized measures of metacognitive knowledge or writing performance, indicating explainable ChatGPT did not improve these skills. However, the explainable ChatGPT group demonstrated significantly higher accuracy on target tasks covered in the system’s explanations. These mixed findings suggest explainable ChatGPT may strengthen understanding of specific content explained but do not confer generalized gains in metacognitive abilities or standardized outcomes. While explainable ChatGPT shows promise for supporting self-regulated learning, determining optimal applications to boost broad learner competencies remains an open research challenge. Further inquiry with larger diverse samples is warranted to fully ascertain the pedagogical potential of explainable ChatGPT in education.
The Millettia speciosa Champ polysaccharide attenuates pyroptosis by suppressing the signaling pathway of caspase-1/gasdermin D/Interleukin-1β
Authors: Han Mengmeng , Wu Yuhui , Duo Shuiyin , Chen Yun , Yang Yuhui
Published: October 2023

Pyroptosis is a novel type of programmed cell death associated with the pathogenesis of many inflammatory diseases. Studies have shown that the Millettia speciosa Champ polysaccharide(MSP)has anti-inflammatory effects, but there is no report on whether the MSP has an effect on pyroptosis from the anti-inflammatory mechanism. This study aims to investigate the inhibitory effects of a water-soluble polysaccharide was obtained from Millettia Speciosa Champ(MSP-1)on the pyroptosis of RAW264.7 cells induced bylipopolysaccharide(LPS)/adenosine triphosphate(ATP). The results showed that MSP-1 significantly inhibited the pyroptosis of RAW264.7 macrophages. MSP-1 inhibited the secretions of IL-6, IL-1β, IL-18, nitric oxide (NO), and lactic dehydrogenase(LDH)and reduced caspase-1, cleaved IL-1β, and cleaved gasdermin D(GSDMD) activation of the cleaved protein levels. MSP-1 ameliorated the scorching of RAW264.7 macrophages by a mechanism that may be related to the downregulation of each of the caspase-1/IL-1β/GSDMD signaling pathways. In addition, the structure of MSP-1 was characterized in this study. MSP-1 consisted of only glucose with an average molecular weight of 50.2 kDa. Moreover, the infrared spectroscopy, methylation, and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) results showed that MSP-1 consisted of →4)-α-D-Glcp-(1→, →4, 6)-α-D-Glcp-(1→and T-α-Glcp.
Analysis of perioperative outcomes for esophageal cancer: comparison of robotic-assisted and video-assisted minimally invasive esophagectomy
Authors: He Li , He Hua , Zhao Mengmeng , Sun Shuo , Yang Wenwen , Wang Feng , Zhang Min , Lin Ruijiang , Ma Minjie , Han Biao
Published: October 2023

Objective
Comparing the perioperative outcomes of single-thorax robotic-assisted McKeown minimally invasive esophagectomy (RAMIE) and video-assisted McKeown minimally invasive esophagectomy (VAMIE) in a balanced population.
Methods
From June 2017 to May 2022, 193 esophageal cancer patients were retrospectively included, including 75 cases receiving RAMIE and 118 receiving VAMIE. The balanced population was generated by propensity-score matching, and statistical analyses were conducted to compare patients' demographics and perioperative outcomes in these two groups.
Results
A total of 57 RAMIE cases were matched with 57 VAMIE cases by propensity score. Although the total cost of the RAMIE group after matching was higher than that of the VAMIE group (118.28k vs 136.79k, P = 0.027), there were no significant differences in the number of chest LNs, postoperative drainage and postoperative cardiopulmonary complications. When compared to the VAMIE group, the RAMIE group after matching had shorter surgery time (total 335.00 vs. 235.00 min, P < 0.001; chest 244.00 vs. 139.00 min, P < 0.001), less intraoperative blood loss (200.00 vs. 100.00 ml, P < 0.001), less intraoperative rehydration (2400.00 vs. 1500.00 ml, P < 0.001), lower postoperative VAS (P < 0.001), fewer postoperative hospitalization days (20.00 vs. 14.00 days, P < 0.001), and lower incidence of anastomotic leak (8 [14.04%] vs. 2 [3.51%], P = 0.047).
Conclusion
Compared with VAMIE, the single-thorax RAMIE has shorter surgery time, less intraoperative blood loss/rehydration, less postoperative pain, and a lower incidence of anastomotic leak.
Effects of immunorelated gene polymorphisms on trastuzumab targeting breast cancer cell
Authors: yu lin yu , Zhang Cong-Min , Liu Liang-Yu , Chen Xiao-Ping
Published: October 2023

Purpose Transtuzumab-based immunotherapy has been the standard of care for HER2/neu-expressing breast cancer (BC). However, only 20–30% of patients overexpressing HER2 respond to trastuzumab. This study aimed to investigate the associations between genetic polymorphisms in immunorelated genes and PBMC-induced cytotoxicity to breast cancer cell with the treatment of trastuzumab.Methods Trastuzumab-mediated cytotoxicity of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from 148 healthy donors and 13 BC patients was analyzed by flow cytometry. 16 SNPs in 7 genes (CD247, ZAP70, FCGR2A, FCGR2C, FCGR3C, TNF, and IFNG) were genotyped using the Sequenom Mass Array Genotype Platform. Levels of cytokines were measured with the Th1/Th2Cytokine Kit II.Results Both cytotoxicity and TNF release in the trastuzumab treated PBMCs were significantly higher than those of the basal group, and trastuzumab stimulated cytotoxicity of PBMCs in BC patients as effectively as in healthy donors. A wide variability in trastuzumab-mediated cytotoxicity in 148 healthy donors was observed, and PBMCs from individuals with the CD247 rs16859030 T genotype generated increased cytotoxicity than those with the CD247 rs16859030 CC genotype. We also observed that natural killer cells (NKs) elicited stronger cytotoxicity than PBMCs.Conclusion The CD247 rs16859030 polymorphism affects trastuzumab-mediated cytotoxicity in vitro. Furthermore, trastuzumab-mediated cytotoxicity is not changed in BC patients.
Correlation of PD-1 and PD-L1 expression in oral leukoplakia and oral squamous cell carcinoma; immunohistochemical study
Authors: L.R. Greeshma L.R. Dr. Greeshma , Joseph Anna P Joseph Dr. Anna P , Sivakumar T. T. Sivakumar Dr.T.T. , Pillai Varun Raghavan Pillai Dr.Varun Raghavan , Vijayakumar Gopikrishnan Vijayakumar Dr.Gopikrishnan
Published: October 2023

The programmed cell death protein (PD-1)/ programmed cell death protein ligand (PD- L1) pathway and cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen are the most important co-stimulatory molecules that play a key role in the negative regulation of T cells during carcinogenesis. We aimed to evaluate the immunohistochemical expression of PD-1 and PD-L1 in oral leukoplakia and squamous cell carcinoma compared with normal oral mucosa. Twenty-five cases of oral squamous cell carcinoma, oral leukoplakia and normal oral mucosa tissue specimens were immunohistochemically stained to assess PD-1 and PD-L1 expression. The PD-L1 positivity of subepithelial TAFs (p<0.001) increased with increasing grades of oral leukoplakia. Pearson’s correlation indicated a high positive correlation between the PD-L1 labelling index of epithelial tumour cells and the PD-1 labelling index of tumour infiltrating lymphocytes (p-value: 0.005) in OSCC. A high positive correlation was noted between the H-score of PD-L1 positive tumour epithelial cells and the H-score of PD-1 positive tumour infiltrating lymphocytes in OSCC (p-value: 0.001). PD-L1 positivity increased in dysplastic epithelial cells from premalignant lesions to malignancy.The sub-epithelial PD-L1 positive TAFs were higher in oral leukoplakia compared to OSCC inferring that PD-L1 positivity in TAFs decreased with malignant transformation. The PD-1 positivity in TILs was higher in oral leukoplakia than in OSCC.
Improved two-frequency temporal phase unwrapping method in fringe projection profilometry
Authors: LIU JINTAO , PENG XU , SHUO SHAN , WEN ZHANG , LI ZE , JIANHUA WANG
Published: October 2023

In three-dimensional (3D) measurement using fringe projection profilometry (FPP), noise introduced by the camera during fringe capture can cause phase errors in the reconstructed results, affecting the accuracy of the 3D measurements. The two-frequency temporal phase unwrapping method is widely used due to its high efficiency. However, the use of only two fringe patterns in this method leads to reduced noise immunity and an increased phase error. Many researchers have focused on improving the two-frequency method, but little attention has been paid to enhancing its noise immunity. In this article, we propose a novel two-frequency phase unwrapping method. Firstly, we analyze the phase errors of the traditional 4fh + 4fl two-frequency method and our proposed method in detail. Then, the feasibility of our proposed method is demonstrated through multiple sets of experimental results. Finally, we provide solutions to the problems encountered in our proposed method. Through experiments, our proposed method reduces the phase error by 75.90% and 91.39% relative to the traditional 4fh + 4fl method, in metal object and gypsum board experiments, respectively. The experimental results show that our proposed method significantly improves the reliability of phase unwrapping and reduces phase errors, thus enhancing the accuracy of 3D reconstruction.
Impaired Sensitivity to Thyroid Hormones is Associated with High Insulin Resistance Levels in the Euthyroid Chinese Population
Authors: Cui Ruixiang , Wei Ying , Liu Jia , Wang Ying , Wang Guang
Published: October 2023

Background: The association between thyroid hormones sensitivity and insulin resistance (IR) remains unknown. This study was designed to analyze the relationship between sensitivity to thyroid hormones and IR stratified by different levels of obesity.
Methods: 32478 euthyroid participants were included and they were divided into three groups according to the body mass index (BMI): normal weight (n=20200), overweight (n=10178) and obesity (n=2100). We used The Thyroid Feedback Quantile-based Index (TFQI), The TSH Index (TSHI), the Thyrotrophic T4 Resistance Index (TT4RI) to represent thyroid hormones sensitivity and used Triglyceride-Glucose (TyG) Index, the Atherogenic Index of Plasma (AIP), The Metabolic Score for Insulin Resistance (METS-IR) to represent IR. The association between thyroid hormones sensitivity and IR were analyzed by linear regression and logistic regression.
Results: Linear regression analysis revealed that TFQI, TSHI and TT4RI were positively associated with TyG, AIP and METS-IR. Logistic regression showed that in the normal weight group, the odds ratios (ORs) for having high TyG in the highest quartiles of the TFQI, TSHI, and TT4RI were 1.430 (95% CI: 1.288,1.587); 1.537 (95% CI: 1.388,1.703); 1.518 (95% CI: 1.370,1.682) respectively (all p<0.001) compared with the lowest quartiles of the TFQI, TSHI, and TT4RI; In the overweight group, the ORs for having high TyG in the highest quartiles of the TFQI, TSHI, and TT4RI were 1.269 (95% CI:1.104,1.459); 1.363 (95% CI:1.186,1.566); 1.353 (95% CI:1.177,1.555) respectively (all p< 0.001); In the obesity group, the ORs for having high TyG in the highest quartiles of the TFQI, TSHI, and TT4RI were 1.298 (95% CI:0.951,1.774) (p=0.101); 1.454 (95% CI:1.065,1.989) (p=0.05); 1.455 (95% CI:1.066,1.991) (p=0.05) respectively. AIP and METS-IR yielded roughly similar results.
Conclusion: In euthyroid adults, reduced sensitivity to thyroid hormones was associated with high levels of IR. Our study provides insight for further exploring the pathogenesis of metabolic syndrome as well as guidance for its treatment.
Will Natural Compounds Fill the Chemotherapeutic Gap in the Mitigation of Chagas Disease? A Mechanistic Perspective at Atomisitc Level
Authors: Okunlola Felix Oladele , Asuquo Andem Winnie , Paul-Odeniran Kehinde Foluke , Opayinka Oluwaseun Dorcas , Adetuyi Babatunde Oluwafemi , Odelade Kehinde Abraham , Oyebamiji Abel Kolawole , Alzaylaee Hind , Batiha Gaber El-Saber
Published: October 2023

Background Trypanosoma cruzi, the parasite that causes Chagas disease, spreads to humans and animals through insect vectors that are only found in the Americas, primarily in the impoverished rural areas of Latin America. Up to 8 million individuals in Mexico, Central America, and South America are estimated to be infected with Chagas disease, the majority of whom are unaware of their condition. Infection is a chronic and potentially fatal condition if left untreated. Drugs that are currently on the market were empirically developed more than three decades ago. Purpose As a result, they frequently have severe side effects and low efficacy, especially in the common chronic form of the condition. Hence, this has resulted in searching for alternative therapeutic options to control this disease, and natural products could be explored to this effect. Method We employed molecular dynamics simulation and binding energy analyses to decipher and unravel the mechanistic inhibitory potential of five selected natural compounds as potential inhibitors of T. cruzi glucokinase for treating Chagas disease as an alternative therapy. Results The results revealed that CPD3 (ZINC 000002345225) displayed the highest binding activity, with a total binding energy of -35.16 kcal/mol, compared to other compounds. The PRED approach identified crucial moieties of CPD3 and several molecular interactions prominent in its binding activity, such as Hydrogen Bond, Alkyl, and Pi-Alkyl. ASN 308, GLY 306, LEU 187, THR 185, GLY 184, and ALA 182 played significant roles in the effective binding activity of CPD3, as evidenced in their steady complementary multiple interactions exhibited throughout the simulation period. In this study, we recommend CPD3 as a promising lead compound that can further promote more experimental investigations for the design of drugs for Chagas disease, thereby addressing the limitations of current therapy options. Conclusion These results showed that natural compounds could be potential candidates against the inhibition of T. cruzi glucokinase for treating Chagas disease as an alternative therapy.
Positive association between hearing impairment and obesity in adults aged 20 years and older in US:Data from the 2015-2016 National Health and Nutrition Survey (NHANES)
Authors: Cao Yiwen , Zhang Jipeng , Feng Rui
Published: October 2023

Background: People are exposed to noise sources, diseases or accidents in their daily work and life, resulting in different degrees of hearing damage. On the basis of previous studies on hearing impairment caused by obesity, we put forward the opposite hypothesis. What is the relationship between hearing impairment and the incidence of obesity?
Objective: We analyzed the relationship between hearing status and obesity in order to make some suggestions for people who are obese due to hearing impairment.
Materials and methods: In this study, 4391 adults aged 20 and above were randomly selected from the 2015-2016 National Health and Nutrition Survey (NHANES), including 2149 males and 2242 females, with an average age of 49.43±17.590 The Count variables were tested by Chi-square test, and measurement variables were tested by Kruskal-Wallis rank sum test. Hearing impairment as an independent variable, obesity as a dependent variable. Binary Logistic regression analysis was performed on the above variables.
Results: After excluding confounding factors, the odds ratio (OR) of hearing impairment and obesity was 1.100 (95%CI:1.030-1.174, P<0.01).
Conclusion: Hearing impairment is a risk factor for obesity. The higher the degree of hearing impairment, the higher the risk of obesity.
Differences in Neuropathology Between Nitroglycerin-Induced Mouse Models of Episodic and Chronic Migraine
Authors: Park songyi , Jung Harry , Han Sang-Won , Lee Sang-Hwa , Sohn Jong-Hee
Published: October 2023

Background
Multiple animal models of migraine have been used in the development of new therapies. The transformation from episodic migraine (EM) to chronic migraine (CM) is not fully understood but warrants differentiation. We established mouse models mimicking EM and CM pain, then assessed neuropathological differences between the two types of migraine.
Methods
EM and CM models were generated with either a single injection of 10 mg/kg nitroglycerin (NTG) or five injections over 9 days, respectively. Saline with the same amount of propylene glycol was used as the vehicle control (VEH). Mechanical hypersensitivity was assessed using the von Frey filament test. Immunofluorescence analyses were performed using c-Fos, NeuN, and Iba1 as markers. Proinflammatory (TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6) and anti-inflammatory (IL-4 and IL-10) markers were analyzed. Neuropeptides (CGRP, VIP, PACAP, and substance P) were assessed.
Results
Mechanical thresholds were similar in NTG-injected EM and CM models. Notable neuropathological distinctions were observed in the spinal trigeminal nucleus caudalis (Sp5C) and anterior cingulate cortex (ACC). The ACC showed increased levels of c-Fos and NeuN expression in CM (p < 0.001), but these levels were unchanged in EM. Conversely, the Sp5C showed higher c-Fos and NeuN expression in EM (p < 0.001) than in CM. Iba1 expression was increased in the Sp5C of EM mice and ACC of CM mice (p < 0.001). Proinflammatory markers, such as TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6, were strongly expressed in the Sp5C of EM mice and ACC of CM mice. Neuropeptide analysis revealed that CGRP expression was elevated in both the Sp5C and ACC of both models compared with the VEH group; expression was higher in the CM model. VIP exhibited higher levels in the Sp5C of EM mice and ACC of CM mice, whereas PACAP and substance P were predominantly expressed in the Sp5C in both EM and CM models.
Conclusions
Although mechanical thresholds were similar, distinctive neuropathological differences were observed in the Sp5C and ACC regions between EM and CM models. These findings suggest that these differences contribute to the transformation from EM to CM.