bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A qualitative exploration of the enablers of and barriers to conformance with antibiotic withdrawal periods on smallholding, peri-urban pig farms in Kiambu County, Kenya
Authors: Scott Claire , Bor Nicholas , Reyher Kristen K. , Tasker Alex J. , Buller Henry , Bueno Irene , Thomas Lian F.
Published: January 2025

Non-conformance with antibiotic withdrawal period guidelines represents a food safety concern, with potential for antibiotic toxicities and allergic reactions as well as selecting for antibiotic resistance. In the Kenyan domestic pig market, conformance with antibiotic withdrawal periods is not a requirement of government legislation and evidence suggests that antibiotic residues may frequently be above recommended limits. In this study, we sought to explore enablers of and barriers to conformance with antibiotic withdrawal periods for pig farms supplying a local independent abattoir in peri-urban Nairobi. We drew upon semi-structured interviews with farmers and government animal health professionals as well as focus groups which involved private animal health professionals. We also explored farmers’ engagement with antibiotic withdrawal periods by visiting thirteen pig farms (supplying one of two local independent abattoirs) weekly for one month in order to capture instances of antibiotic use. We analysed data using reflexive thematic analysis. All farmers participating in the study demonstrated an awareness of the concept of antibiotic withdrawal periods and described intentions to conform, motivated by caring for others, wanting to prevent harm or a perception that regulation around antibiotic withdrawal periods existed for local independent abattoirs. The antibiotic use practices that we identified showed limited opportunities for non-conformance with antibiotic withdrawal periods. Farmers and veterinarians reported that instances of antibiotic use were uncommon, especially in slaughter-weight pigs, and were mainly restricted to the treatment of clinical signs under the supervision of an animal health professional. Local factors presented barriers to antibiotic withdrawal period conformance including farmers’ economic constraints, lack of formal medicine recording, an absence of consistent abattoir monitoring and resource emergency, such as water scarcity on farms. This study demonstrates the importance of these contextual factors to conformance with antibiotic withdrawal periods. We highlight the need to account for farm-level influences when planning future research and interventions aimed at reducing the presence of antibiotic residues in meat from smallholding pig farms in peri-urban Nairobi.
The advantages of lexicon-based sentiment analysis in an age of machine learning
Authors: van der Veen A. Maurits , Bleich Erik
Published: January 2025

Assessing whether texts are positive or negative—sentiment analysis—has wide-ranging applications across many disciplines. Automated approaches make it possible to code near unlimited quantities of texts rapidly, replicably, and with high accuracy. Compared to machine learning and large language model (LLM) approaches, lexicon-based methods may sacrifice some in performance, but in exchange they provide generalizability and domain independence, while crucially offering the possibility of identifying gradations in sentiment. We demonstrate the strong performance of lexica using MultiLexScaled, an approach which averages valences across a number of widely-used general-purpose lexica. We validate it against benchmark datasets from a range of different domains, comparing performance against machine learning and LLM alternatives. In addition, we illustrate the value of identifying fine-grained sentiment levels by showing, in an analysis of pre- and post-9/11 British press coverage of Muslims, that binarized valence metrics give rise to different (and erroneous) conclusions about the nature of the post-9/11 shock as well as about differences between broadsheet and tabloid coverage. The code to apply MultiLexScaled is available online.
Fractional and stochastic modeling of breast cancer progression with real data validation
Authors: Aldwoah Khaled , Louati Hanen , Eljaneid Nedal , Aljaaidi Tariq , Alqarni Faez , Elsayed AbdelAziz
Published: January 2025

This study presents a novel approach to modeling breast cancer dynamics, one of the most significant health threats to women worldwide. Utilizing a piecewise mathematical framework, we incorporate both deterministic and stochastic elements of cancer progression. The model is divided into three distinct phases: (1) initial growth, characterized by a constant-order Caputo proportional operator (CPC), (2) intermediate growth, modeled by a variable-order CPC, and (3) advanced stages, capturing stochastic fluctuations in cancer cell populations using a stochastic operator. Theoretical analysis, employing fixed-point theory for the fractional-order phases and Ito calculus for the stochastic phase, establishes the existence and uniqueness of solutions. A robust numerical scheme, combining the nonstandard finite difference method for fractional models and the Euler-Maruyama method for the stochastic system, enables simulations of breast cancer progression under various scenarios. Critically, the model is validated against real breast cancer data from Saudi Arabia spanning 2004-2016. Numerical simulations accurately capture observed trends, demonstrating the model’s predictive capabilities. Further, we investigate the impact of chemotherapy and its associated cardiotoxicity, illustrating different treatment response scenarios through graphical representations. This piecewise fractional-stochastic model offers a powerful tool for understanding and predicting breast cancer dynamics, potentially informing more effective treatment strategies.
The impact of de-familization on green innovation: Evidence from SRDI family firms in China
Authors: Huang Jiarong , Zhou Lixin , Song Shuai , Zhou Hanwei
Published: January 2025

Green innovation is essential for sustainable development, especially in China’s Specialized-Refined-Differentiated-Innovative (SRDI) enterprises. Family-owned SRDI firms, in particular, have attracted attention due to their de-familization strategies and their influence on green innovation. Our study analyzes panel data from 2016 to 2021 for listed SRDI family firms to investigate how de-familization in management rights and ownership impacts green innovation. Using socio-emotional wealth (SEW) theory and a fixed-effects model, we find that de-familization significantly negatively affects green innovation, with corporate governance serving as a mediating factor. Digital transformation moderates these negative effects, while market concentration exacerbates them. These impacts are more pronounced in firms before being designated as "Little Giants," those receiving higher government subsidies, those located in eastern regions, or those not classified as major polluters. This research provides actionable insights for SRDI family firms to strategically manage de-familization, optimize resource allocation, implement customized governance strategies, and promote sustainable growth.
Measuring women’s empowerment in aquaculture in northwestern Bangladesh using a project level women’s empowerment in fisheries index (pro-WEFI)
Authors: Adam Rahma I. , Rajaratnam Surendran , Sufian Farha Deba , Njogu Lucy
Published: January 2025

Gender equality and women’s empowerment have been increasingly emphasised in food production systems, including fisheries and aquaculture. Accurate assessment and understanding of the state, progress and changes in women’s empowerment in the sub-sectors is required. We applied the project level Women’s Empowerment in Fisheries and Aquaculture Index (pro-WEFI), which is based on the project-level women’s empowerment in agriculture index (pro-WEAI) to standardize the measurement of women’s agency and empowerment in fisheries and aquaculture. Drawing on a survey conducted in north-western Bangladesh, we examined quantitative pro-WEFI data collected from 217 households engaged in aquaculture. Only 33% of the women and 48% of the men in the sample achieved empowerment in aquaculture, attaining scores of 0.75 and above. The mean disempowerment score (1-3DE) revealed that both women and men failed to achieve adequacy on average in nearly 28% of the indicators. Nearly 40% of the dual adult households did not attain gender parity with women achieving lower adequacy scores than men from the same household. Women’s disempowerment was primarily driven by lack of autonomy in their use of income (18.5%), inability to visit important locations (17.4%), and inadequate access to and decision making on financial services (13.4%). Our findings emphasize the significance of conducting comprehensive assessments of women’s empowerment in aquaculture initiatives and its various domains and indicators inform the development of targeted and effective interventions. By identifying domains where gender inequality is most pronounced, projects can better design interventions to create targeted impacts in critical areas.
Things Latinas need to plan for safety: A dual-site concept mapping study
Authors: Velonis Alisa , Baeza Maria Jose , McGown Molly , Magaña Daisy , Maldonado Jasmine , O’Campo Patricia , Metheny Nicholas
Published: January 2025

Background

Latina women in the United States experience intimate partner violence (IPV) at high rates, but evidence suggests Latinas seek help for IPV at lower rates than other communities. Safety planning is an approach that provides those experiencing IPV with concrete actions to increase their safety and referrals to formal services. While safety planning is shown to reduce future incidences of violence, little is known about the safety planning priorities of Latinas.

Approach

This study leveraged Group Concept Mapping, a mixed-method process consisting of brainstorming, sorting, rating, and interpreting. First, 17 Latinas who were survivors of IPV and/or professional advocates generated responses to a focal prompt. Next, 19 participants pile-sorted a list of unduplicated responses into categories. Data were analyzed using multidimensional scaling and hierarchical cluster analysis and results were iteratively refined by the study team. Forty-two Latina participants in Chicago and Miami rated each item based on its necessity for safety using two scenarios: if a survivor planned to leave a partner or remain in the relationship. Bivariate correlation analyses were used to examine differences in safety planning priorities across multiple axes. Finally, results were shared with participants for feedback and contextualization.

Results

Combined, a total of 46 Latinas participated in data collection activities. Brainstorming and sorting data generated seven clusters of safety planning needs. Statistically significant differences in cluster rating were found for women who intended to leave a relationship (for whom legal services was most necessary) versus those who intended to stay (for whom safety planning services were critical) and those in Chicago versus those in Miami.

Conclusions

This study contributes to the small, but growing, literature regarding safety planning needs of Latinas in the US and illustrates potential ways in which future safety planning interventions should be tailored to these communities.
Clinical and psychosocial context of HIV perinatally infected young mothers in Harare, Zimbabwe: A longitudinal mixed-methods study
Authors: Mupambireyi Zivai , Simms Victoria , Mavhu Webster , Mutasa Concilia , Matsikire Edward , Ricotta April , Pascoe Margaret , Shamu Tinei , Senzanje Beula , Pierotti Chiara , Mushavi Angela , Willis Nicola , Cowan Frances M.
Published: January 2025

Background

The lives of adolescents and young people living with HIV (LHIV) are dominated by complex psychological and social stressors. These may be more pronounced among those perinatally infected. This longitudinal mixed-methods study describes the clinical and psychosocial challenges faced by HIV perinatally infected young mothers in Harare, Zimbabwe to inform tailored support.

Methods

HIV perinatally infected young mothers were recruited in 2013 and followed up in 2019. In 2013, they completed a structured interview, clinical examination, psychological screening and had viral load and drug resistance testing. A subset completed in-depth interviews (n = 10). In 2019, they were re-interviewed and had viral load testing. Data were analyzed using STATA 15.0. and thematic analysis.

Results

Nineteen mothers aged 17–24 years were recruited in 2013. Eleven (57.9%) were successfully recontacted in 2019; 3 had died, 2 had relocated and 3 were untraceable. In 2013, all 19 mothers were taking antiretroviral therapy (median duration 8 years, range 2–11 years) and median CD4 count was 524 (IQR 272). In 2013, eight mothers (42.1%) had virological failure (≥1000 copies/ml) (3 of whom subsequently died) and 7 (36.8%) had evidence of drug resistance. In 2019, the proportion with virological failure was 2/11 (18.1%). Six of 11 (54.5%) had switched to second line therapy. In 2013, 64.3% were at risk of common mental disorder and this risk was higher at follow-up (72.7%). Qualitative data highlighted three pertinent themes: HIV status disclosure, adherence experiences and, social and emotional support.

Conclusions

Findings from this study underscore the significant clinical, social and psychological challenges faced by perinatally infected young mothers. The high rates of virological failure, drug resistant mutations, mental health issues and mortality observed in this population indicate the need for tailored and comprehensive health and support services to assist these young mothers.
Protocol for extracting flow hydrograph shape metrics for use in time-series flood hydrology analysis
Authors: Arash Amir Mohammad , Fryirs Kirstie , Ralph Timothy J.
Published: January 2025

The shape characteristics of flow hydrographs hold essential information for understanding, monitoring and assessing changes in flow and flood hydrology at reach and catchment scales. However, the analysis of individual hydrographs is time consuming, making the analysis of hundreds or thousands of them unachievable. A method or protocol is needed to ensure that the datasets being generated, and the metrics produced, have been consistently derived and validated. In this lab protocol, we present workflows in Python for extracting flow hydrographs with any available temporal resolution from any Open Access or publicly available gauging station records. The workflow identifies morphologically-defined flow and flood types (i.e. in-channel fresh, high flow and overbank flood) and uses them to classify hydrographs. It then calculates several at-a-station and upstream-to-downstream hydrograph shape metrics including kurtosis, skewness, peak hydrograph stage, peak arrival time, rate-of-rise, peak-to-peak travel time, flood wave celerity, flood peak attenuation, and flood wave attenuation index. Some metrics require GIS-derived data, such as catchment area and upstream-to-downstream channel distance between gauges. The output dataset provides quantified hydrograph shape metrics which can be used to track changes in flow and flood hydrographs over time, or to characterise the flow and flood hydrology of catchments and regions. The workflows are flexible enough to allow for additional hydrograph shape indicators to be added or swapped out, or to use a different hydrograph classification method that suits local conditions. The protocol could be considered a change detection tool to identify where changes in hydrology are occurring and where to target more sophisticated modelling exercises to explain the changes detected. We demonstrate the workflow using 117 Open Access gauging station records that are available for coastal rivers of New South Wales (NSW), Australia.
Sex differences in the association between composite dietary antioxidant index and hyperlipidemia: Insights from NHANES
Authors: Miao Xiaofan , Li Bixia , Zhu Zhixian , Yang Tao
Published: January 2025

Background

Previous studies have shown that both the composite dietary antioxidant index (CDAI) and sex are strongly associated with a variety of cardiovascular diseases, but sex differences between CDAI and hyperlipidemia are unknown.

Objective

This study utilized data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) to investigate the sex differences between CDAI and hyperlipidemia.

Method

We calculated the CDAI of the six dietary antioxidants using data from NHANES, explored the relationship between CDAI and the prevalence of hyperlipidemia using multivariate logistic regression analysis, and analyzed for potential nonlinear associations using restricted cubic spline. Finally, the association between CDAI and hyperlipidemia was further explored using multivariate logistic regression in different genders.

Results

The study included a total of 34,754 participants with a mean age of 47.04 years, of whom 49.37% were man. In a fully adjusted multivariable binary logistic regression model, CDAI was negatively associated with the prevalence of hyperlipidemia (OR = 0.99, 95% CI:0.98–0.99). In addition, participants in the highest quartile had a lower risk of hyperlipidaemia compared with the lowest quartile of CDAI (OR = 0.83, 95%CI: 0.76–0.92). We also found a non-linear relationship (non-linear P = 0.003, Inflection point = -0.179). Finally, we found that the association between CDAI and the prevalence of hyperlipidemia was significantly stronger in the female population than in the male population (P for interaction <0.05).

Conclusion

Our study highlights the L-shaped association between CDAI and the prevalence of hyperlipidemia in the general adult population. In addition, this association was more significant in the female population than in the male population.
Effects of spectral manipulations of music mixes on musical scene analysis abilities of hearing-impaired listeners
Authors: Benjamin Aravindan Joseph , Siedenburg Kai
Published: January 2025

Music pre-processing methods are currently becoming a recognized area of research with the goal of making music more accessible to listeners with a hearing impairment. Our previous study showed that hearing-impaired listeners preferred spectrally manipulated multi-track mixes. Nevertheless, the acoustical basis of mixing for hearing-impaired listeners remains poorly understood. Here, we assess listeners’ ability to detect a musical target within mixes with varying degrees of spectral manipulations using the so-called EQ-transform. This transform exaggerates or downplays the spectral distinctiveness of a track with respect to an ensemble average spectrum taken over a number of instruments. In an experiment, 30 young normal-hearing (yNH) and 24 older hearing-impaired (oHI) participants with predominantly moderate to severe hearing loss were tested. The target that was to be detected in the mixes was from the instrument categories Lead vocals, Bass guitar, Drums, Guitar, and Piano. Our results show that both hearing loss and target category affected performance, but there were no main effects of EQ-transform. yNH performed consistently better than oHI in all target categories, irrespective of the spectral manipulations. Both groups demonstrated the best performance in detecting Lead vocals, with yNH performing flawlessly at 100% median accuracy and oHI at 92.5% (IQR = 86.3–96.3%). Contrarily, performance in detecting Bass was arguably the worst among yNH (Mdn = 67.5% IQR = 60–75%) and oHI (Mdn = 60%, IQR = 50–66.3%), with the latter even performing close to chance-levels of 50% accuracy. Predictions from a generalized linear mixed-effects model indicated that for every decibel increase in hearing loss level, the odds of correctly detecting the target decreased by 3%. Therefore, baseline performance progressively declined to chance-level at moderately severe degrees of hearing loss thresholds, independent of target category. The frequency domain sparsity of mixes and larger differences in target and mix roll-off points were positively correlated with performance especially for oHI participants (r = .3, p < .01). Performance of yNH on the other hand remained robust to changes in mix sparsity. Our findings underscore the multifaceted nature of selective listening in musical scenes and the instrument-specific consequences of spectral adjustments of the audio.
A hybrid unsupervised machine learning model with spectral clustering and semi-supervised support vector machine for credit risk assessment
Authors: Yu Tao , Huang Wei , Tang Xin , Zheng Duosi
Published: January 2025

In credit risk assessment, unsupervised classification techniques can be introduced to reduce human resource expenses and expedite decision-making. Despite the efficacy of unsupervised learning methods in handling unlabeled datasets, their performance remains limited owing to challenges such as imbalanced data, local optima, and parameter adjustment complexities. Thus, this paper introduces a novel hybrid unsupervised classification method, named the two-stage hybrid system with spectral clustering and semi-supervised support vector machine (TSC-SVM), which effectively addresses the unsupervised imbalance problem in credit risk assessment by targeting global optimal solutions. Furthermore, a multi-view combined unsupervised method is designed to thoroughly mine data and enhance the robustness of label predictions. This method mitigates discrepancies in prediction outcomes from three distinct perspectives. The effectiveness, efficiency, and robustness of the proposed TSC-SVM model are demonstrated through various real-world applications. The proposed algorithm is anticipated to expand the customer base for financial institutions while reducing economic losses.
Evaluation of endothelialization of an occluder device with cardiac computed tomography and assessment of the pathological validation
Authors: Liu Ang , Duan Xuejing , Wang Ke , Fan Hongguang , Li Li , Yan Chaowu
Published: January 2025

Background

Assessing the endothelialization of occlusive devices noninvasively remains a challenge. Cardiac computed tomography angiography (CTA) can be employed to evaluate device endothelialization based on contrast uptake within the occluder.

Objective

This study examined device endothelialization using cardiac CTA and investigated the pathological associations.

Methods

From January 2010 to May 2022, we retrospectively analyzed 25 patients (age: 50.00 [17.00, 52.00] years; 12 Female) who underwent surgical device removal within 1 month after cardiac CTA examination (implantation period: 29.00[0.50, 108.00] months). The contrast uptake within the occluder was determined using cardiac CTA. The relationship between contrast uptake within the occluder and the endothelialization status with pathology was analyzed.

Results

Contrast uptake within the occluder was identified in 76.00% of patients. Pathological examination confirmed incomplete coverage of fibrotic tissue and superposed neoendothelium on the surface of all devices exhibiting contrast uptake. This included no coverage in 47.37% of patients and partial coverage in the remaining cases. On the surface of all devices without contrast uptake, a complete range of fibrotic tissue was observed, with an incomplete range of superposed neoendothelium in 66.67% of patients. On the surface of devices with an implantation period > 6 months, 71.43% of patients had incomplete coverage of fibrotic tissue and superposed neoendothelium on the left disc, 42.86% of patients occurred the same on the right disc.

Conclusions

Contrast uptake within the occluder indicated incomplete endothelialization, as confirmed by pathological validation. Late endothelialization of the device occurs frequently, and further research is required to investigate related mechanisms.
Baseline characteristics and 2-year functional outcome data of patients undergoing an arthroscopic rotator cuff repair in Switzerland, results of the ARCR_Pred study
Authors: Stojanov Thomas , Audigé Laurent , Aghlmandi Soheila , Rosso Claudio , Moroder Philipp , Suter Thomas , Dao Trong Mai Lan , Benninger Emanuel , Moor Beat , Spormann Christophe , Durchholz Holger , Cunningham Gregory , Lädermann Alexandre , Schär Michael , Flury Matthias , Eid Karim , Scheibel Markus , Candrian Christian , Jost Bernhard , Zumstein Matthias A. , Wieser Karl , Schwappach David , Hunziker Sabina ,   ARCR_Pred Study Group, Müller Andreas M.
Published: January 2025

The ARCR_Pred study was initiated to document and predict the safety and effectiveness of arthroscopic rotator cuff repair (ARCR) in a representative Swiss patient cohort. In the present manuscript, we aimed to describe the overall and baseline characteristics of the study, report on functional outcome data and explore case-mix adjustment and differences between public and private hospitals. Between June 2020 and November 2021, primary ARCR patients were prospectively enrolled in a multicenter cohort across 18 Swiss and one German orthopedic center. Baseline characteristics, including sociodemographic and diagnostic variables, were reported. Clinical scores and patient-reported outcome measures were assessed up to 24-month follow-up. After screening 2350 individuals, 973 patients with ARCR were included. Follow-up rates reached 99%, 95%, 89% and 88% at 6 weeks, 6, 12, and 24 months, respectively. While the proportion of massive tears was higher in the study population (44% vs. 20%, Std. Diff. = 0.56), there were no other major differences in key characteristics between enrolled and non-enrolled patients or in patients lost to follow-up. Functional scores improved over time, with positive changes rates ranging from 83% to 92% at 6-month, reaching 91% to 97% at 12- and 24-month follow-up. In linear mixed models, used to estimate the associations between baseline factors, hospital type and standardized 0–100 scores, marginal effects for time ranged from 20 to 30, 28 to 39 and 34 to 41 points at the 6-, 12- and 24-month follow-up, respectively. Except at the 12-month follow-up, where marginal effects for the interaction terms ranged from -5 to -4 points in the standardized scores, there were no consistent outcome differences between public and private hospitals. Increasing number of years of education was consistently associated with better scores, greater feelings of depression and anxiety, smoking and ASA group III-IV were consistently associated with worse scores. Tear severity showed a consistent negative association solely for the Constant-Score. The ARCR_Pred study shows high potential for generalizability to the population of patients undergoing an ARCR in Switzerland. Further analyses are needed to establish relevant clinimetrics for the Swiss population and to compare outcomes for surgical techniques, surgeon experiences profiles and post-operative management.
How breakthroughs happen: Unearthing the boundary conditions of eco-friendly deliberate practice and eco-innovation performance
Authors: Jin Yin-shi , Sohail Asia , Iqbal Shahid , Fatima Tehreem , Ayub Arslan
Published: January 2025

Surprisingly innovation process based on deliberate practice has rarely been unearthed that might explore the boundary conditions of the eco-friendly deliberate practice and eco-innovation performance relationship. Anchored on the organizational support theory and the social cognitive, the current study seeks to investigate the impacts of perceived organizational support (POS) and developmental leadership (DL) on eco-innovation performance (EP) through the mediating role of eco-friendly deliberate practice (EDP). In addition, the study explores the boundary effects of employee resilience (ER) on the relationship between EDP and EP. The study collects time-lagged (i.e., “three-wave”) and multisource (i.e., “self-rated and supervisor-rated”) data from 383 respondents working in the service sector organizations in Pakistan. The authors processed data in SmartPLS (v 4.0) to assess the measurement model and the structural model. The study finds that POS and DL have significant positive relationships with EDP. Further, EDP partially mediates the links between POS, DL, and EP. Moreover, ER intervenes the association between EDP and EP such that at high levels of ER, the relationship is stronger and vice versa. Despite growing interest in deliberate practice, the boundary conditions of EDP in the work context are rarely investigated. This is the first study that explores the contextual and individual factors that can underpin the influence of EDP on EP.
A reliable unmanned aerial vehicle multi-ship tracking method
Authors: Zhang Guoqing , Liu Jiandong , Zhao Yongxiang , Luo Wei , Mei Keyu , Wang Penggang , Song Yubin , Li Xiaoliang
Published: January 2025

As the global economy expands, waterway transportation has become increasingly crucial to the logistics sector. This growth presents both significant challenges and opportunities for enhancing the accuracy of ship detection and tracking through the application of artificial intelligence. This article introduces a multi-object tracking system designed for unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), utilizing the YOLOv7 and Deep SORT algorithms for detection and tracking, respectively. To mitigate the impact of limited ship data on model training, transfer learning techniques are employed to enhance the YOLOv7 model’s performance. Additionally, the integration of the SimAM attention mechanism within the YOLOv7 detection model improves feature representation by emphasizing salient features and suppressing irrelevant information, thereby boosting detection capabilities. The inclusion of the partial convolution (PConv) module further enhances the detection of irregularly shaped or partially occluded targets. This module minimizes the influence of invalid regions during feature extraction, resulting in more accurate and stable features. The implementation of PConv not only improves detection accuracy and speed but also reduces the model’s parameters and computational demands, making it more suitable for deployment on computationally constrained UAV platforms. Furthermore, to address issues of false negatives during clustering in the Deep SORT algorithm, the IOU metric is replaced with the DIOU metric at the matching stage. This adjustment enhances the matching of unlinked tracks with detected objects, reducing missed detections and improving the accuracy of target tracking. Compared to the original YOLOv7+Deep SORT model, which achieved an MOTA of 58.4% and an MOTP of 78.9%, the enhanced system achieves a MOTA of 65.3% and a MOTP of 81.9%. This represents an increase of 6.9% in MOTA and 3.0% in MOTP. After extensive evaluation and analysis, the system has demonstrated robust performance in ship monitoring scenarios, offering valuable insights and serving as a critical reference for ship surveillance tasks.
Preliminary characterisation of the spatial immune and vascular environment in triple negative basal breast carcinomas using multiplex fluorescent immunohistochemistry
Authors: Takano Elena A. , Jana Metta K. , Lara Gonzalez Luis E. , Pang Jia-Min B. , Salgado Roberto , Loi Sherene , Fox Stephen B.
Published: January 2025

Triple negative breast cancers often contain higher numbers of tumour-infiltrating lymphocytes compared with other breast cancer subtypes, with their number correlating with prolonged survival. Since little is known about tumour-infiltrating lymphocyte trafficking in triple negative breast cancers, we investigated the relationship between tumour-infiltrating lymphocytes and the vascular compartment to better understand the immune tumour microenvironment in this aggressive cancer type. We aimed to identify mechanisms and signaling pathways responsible for immune cell trafficking in triple negative breast cancers, specifically of basal type, that could potentially be manipulated to change such tumours from immune “cold” to “hot” thereby increasing the likelihood of successful immunotherapy in this challenging patient population. We characterised the spatial immune environment in 10 basal breast cancers showing a range of tumour-infiltrating lymphocytes using multiplex fluorescent immunohistochemistry and quantitative digital analysis of CD3+ T cells. We examined their relationship to blood vessels and their activation status as defined by VCAM-1, ICAM-1 and PD-L1. Confirmation of the relationship between tumour-infiltrating lymphocytes and endothelial activation was performed through in silico analysis on TCGA BRCA RNA-seq data (N = 808). Significantly higher CD3+ T cell densities were observed in the stromal compartment compared with the neoplastic cell compartment (P = 0.003). ICAM-1 activated blood vessels were spatially associated with higher CD3+ T cell densities only within 30 microns of blood vessels compared with more distal activated and non-activated blood vessels (P = 0.041). In silico analysis confirmed higher numbers of tumour-infiltrating lymphocytes in basal breast cancers and that higher numbers were significantly associated with endothelial cell activation molecules, co-clustering with upregulated ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 amongst others. PD-L1 was also identified in a subset of blood vessels, suggesting an additional immune regulatory mechanism in endothelial cells. Regulating the activation status of tumour-associated vascular endothelial cells may improve T cell trafficking into basal breast tumours and enhance immunotherapeutic response.
Effects of kinesio taping on lower limb biomechanical characteristics during dynamic postural control tasks in individuals with chronic ankle instability
Authors: Yuan Tao , Li Haixia , Wang Guanglan
Published: January 2025

Purpose

Previous studies have demonstrated significant biomechanical differences between individuals with chronic ankle instability (CAI) and healthy controls during the Y-balance test. This study aimed to examine the effects of kinesio taping (KT) on lower limb biomechanical characteristics during the Y-balance anterior reach task in individuals with CAI.

Methods

A total of 30 participants were recruited, comprising 15 individuals with CAI and 15 healthy controls. All participants were randomly assigned three taping conditions: no taping (NT), placebo taping (PT), and KT, followed by the Y-balance anterior reach task. Each condition was separated by one-week intervals. Kinematic and kinetic data of the lower limbs during the movement phase were collected using the Vicon motion capture system (Vicon, T40, 200 Hz) and two Kistler force platforms (Kistler, 1000 Hz).

Results

KT significantly improved the Y-balance anterior reach distance (P = 0.003) and peak ankle eversion angle (P = 0.019) compared to NT. Additionally, KT resulted in increased peak knee flexion angle (P = 0.002, P = 0.011) and peak ankle dorsiflexion angle (P <0.001, P = 0.005) relative to both NT and PT. KT also significantly reduced mediolateral center of pressure (COP) displacement (P = 0.001) and average velocity of mediolateral COP displacement (P = 0.033) in comparison to NT. Furthermore, KT decreased mediolateral center of gravity displacement (P = 0.002, P = 0.003) relative to both NT and PT.

Conclusion

KT significantly improved abnormal ankle posture by promoting greater ankle dorsiflexion and eversion angles. Additionally, KT reduced mediolateral COP displacement and average velocity to improve postural stability. These changes may contribute to reduced risk of ankle sprains. Therefore, KT may serve as an effective tool for managing recurrent ankle sprains in individuals with CAI.
Introduction: Trauma, screenwriting and suffering – Beyond the gospel of story
Authors: Lee Jason
Published: January 2025

This editorial introduces aspects of the processes of trauma, traumatic stress reactions and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), in relation to screenwriting and memory in different formats. It does this by explaining and offering an overview of how trauma is perceived currently in comparison to how trauma was originally conceived when it became medicalized. There is a comparison with how other mental unwellness is interpreted and we learn how film and screenwriting influences trauma in a multitude of ways. Examples are used from important films and television shows with the articles within this edition elucidated on. The significance of suffering in storytelling and screenwriting is dissected and its relationship with mental health. The problems with diagnosis are examined, plus the complexities concerning writing as healing. Issues with collective and social trauma are explored in relation to articles on Mexico and Taiwan. The new concept and process of ‘recovered reality’ is introduced.
Writing Women for Film and Televison: A Guide to Creating Complex Female Characters, Anna Weinstein (2024)
Authors: Goodare Lee
Published: January 2025

Review of: Writing Women for Film and Televison: A Guide to Creating Complex Female Characters, Anna Weinstein (2024)

Oxford: Routledge, 193 pp.,

ISBN 978-0-36725-401-8, p/bk, GBP 32.73, USD 41.35
Refocus: The Films of Lawrence Kasdan, Brett Davies (2024)
Authors: Ransome Nic
Published: January 2025

Review of: Refocus: The Films of Lawrence Kasdan, Brett Davies (2024)

Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 237 pp.,

ISBN 978-1-39952-407-0, h/bk, GBP 90
Just a story: Framing trauma within screenwriting practice
Authors: Mathews Phil
Published: January 2025

This article examines the evolution of a screenplay and short film that developed as a creative response to a traumatic encounter with a child, and how the initial trauma resonated through the entire development process. This autoethnographic account will frame the initial encounter, the creative translation of that encounter into a screenplay and the subsequent life and ramifications of that screenplay and the relationships surrounding it. Moving beyond the encounter that spawned the screenplay, I intend to explore a directly related event that produced a similar response in me. The recognition and admission of this repeated response provided an insight in terms of my own awareness and responses to conflict and provides the foundations for my argument. That is, to consider and evaluate ideas surrounding the perceived or romanticized therapeutic value of creative practice. What I argue is that communication of an event is all that can be offered at the point of creativity. The deeper work of unpacking and processing events and responses is not in my experience inherent to the creative practice process.
We need to talk about Lynne: Modular structure as a reflection of the traumatized psyche in We Need to Talk about Kevin
Authors: Neilan Chris
Published: January 2025

Conventional linear three-act structure has become the dominant form in anglophone screen industries and creates a particular meaning and viewing experience. Modular structure, a feature of the puzzle film, uses radical non-linearity and complex plot articulations to create a very different viewing experience, and while some films use this approach to create a distanced, analytical effect, and still others seem designed to present a challenge to the viewer in the manner of a mind game, some narratives, such as Lynne Ramsay’s We Need to Talk about Kevin, have been able to leverage this breaking down of linear temporality to expressionist effect, representing the workings of a traumatized mind. This article examines the techniques which Ramsay and co-writer Rory Kinnear used to create that expressionistic effect, focusing on the use of three distinct timelines from different points in the protagonist’s life reordered around a traumatic event and the use of sensory fragments of the trauma in transitions and foreshadowing.
Textos Fundamentais da Companhia de Jesus: Pedagogia e historiografia
Authors: Urbano Carlota Miranda , Miranda Margarida
Published: January 2025

Este livro resultou de um Seminário de Estudos Jesuíticos, Textos Fundamentais da Companhia de Jesus, desenvolvido pelo Centro de Estudos Clássicos e Humanísticos em dois módulos: ‘Na pena do fundador’ e ‘Pedagogia e Historiografia’ . O seu arco temporal abrange desde o estudo de textos fundadores como o livrinho dos Exercícios Espirituais ou a Autobiografia, até ao de um texto inédito que documenta a expulsão da Companhia de Jesus de Portugal, passando pelo estudo de fontes que esclarecem a sua implantação em Portugal e o carácter pioneiro do Colégio de Coimbra, bem como dos seus livros de ensino que se estenderam a toda a rede escolar internacional jesuítica. Este livro oferece a oportunidade de revisitar alguns dos textos fundamentais sobre os quais se ergueu o edifício da Companhia de Jesus, protagonista essencial do Humanismo Renascentista. Os Jesuítas viveram em primeira pessoa não só esse movimento cultural, político, científico, filosófico, social, espiritual e social que moldou a Europa do Norte e do Sul, como também o intercâmbio de influências culturais resultante do encontro entre os cinco continentes.
There is Real Life Here: Centering the Body in Teaching and Learning
Authors: Ambuter Ryan
Published: January 2025

Bodies have everything to do with teaching and learning, yet are often overlooked or diminished as sites of meaning-making in educational contexts. The goal of this article is to foreground the body in teaching and learning, and identify the transformative potential that embodied pedagogy opens up. Rooted in intersectional critical theory and frameworks, this article explores the importance of centering bodies in education, contextualizes the invisibility and silencing of bodies in education historically and today, and identifies the possibilities that a focus on bodies in education can offer. Action steps that teachers and teacher educators can apply to their practice are suggested.
Playful Learning in Higher Education to Inspire Playful Learning in P-12 Classrooms
Authors: Wild Norline
Published: January 2025

Playful learning has immense potential and relevance across all educational levels, from early childhood to university settings. However, play is often dismissed as an activity reserved only for young children and is ignored in higher education The purpose of this practitioner article is to share instructional strategies and insights in order to demonstrate the immense potential of play at the university level. The goal is not only to inspire teacher educators to be critical thinkers and to creatively interweave playful learning into their pedagogy but to provide concrete examples through modeling of how this can be done. Initially, a dedicated class session centered on play is described. Then, activities integrated throughout the semester are detailed.
Invent a Kid Project: Fostering Creative Reflective Practice in Teacher Candidates
Authors: Poland Karen , Bardsley Mary Ellen , Vermette Paul
Published: January 2025

A primary goal of teacher education programs is to equip teacher candidates with the necessary skills to navigate the social and cultural realities and complexities of the classroom while seamlessly integrating theory and practice. As our classrooms become more socially, economically, and culturally diverse it is important for teachers to evolve into developmentally and culturally responsive individuals who can incorporate a variety of teaching strategies to meet the unique needs of each student. However, novice teachers often face challenges in meeting the individual needs of students due to their lack of experience, classroom management challenges, time constraints, the complexity of curriculum planning, and a novice understanding of the impact student differences can have upon learning. In response to this challenge, we have developed a project known as "Invent-a Kid". This project, grounded in research that promotes constructivist learning principles, reflective practice, and the use of case studies, aims to guide teacher candidates in the practical application of theory and content while fostering appropriately responsive teaching. This paper will summarize the origins and theoretical foundation of the project, offer models of implementation, and provide several suggestions for teacher educators to consider when implementing the Invent-a-Kid project in their course.
Právní institut apelace v pražském procesním traktátu Parvus ordinarius
Authors: Razim Jakub
Published: January 2025

This paper aims to present the procedural treatise Parvus ordinarius as a valuable object for research into the history of the ecclesiastical judiciary in medieval Bohemia. One manuscript of the Parvus ordinarius, currently stored under the signature VIII.G.5 in the Prague National Library in Klementinum, serves as the source base for the study. There is good reason to believe that this very codex played a role in the judicial practice in the Czech lands in the (pre-)Hussite period. Firstly, we know from the ownership note that it once belonged to Pavel of Slavíkovice, a liberal arts bachelor at the University of Prague, who worked as a notary and became a criminal judge of the clergy in Prague before 1436. Secondly, the Prague version of Parvus ordinarius met the needs of the domestic legal environment thanks to the gloss added to the treatise in the first half of the 14th century. These remarks written down by an unknown jurist have not been edited so far and thus have escaped the attention of scholars. Of all the content of the Parvus ordinarius, the focus is on the appeal, seen as a merge of traditions of both Roman and ecclesiastical law. As argued in the text, the chosen topic is a great starting point not only for multidisciplinary collaboration between lawyers and historians of different specializations but also for the search for links between the functioning of the judiciary in the past and the present.
Joseph II’s Reforms of the Piarist Order with Particular Regard to the Hungarian Province
Authors: Balla János
Published: January 2025

The aim of the study is to show the consequences for the Hungarian Piarist Order stemming from the ecclesiastical reforms of Joseph II. (r. 1765–1790). Both Maria Theresa (r. 1740–1780) and her son, Joseph II wanted to restructure and re-regulate the relationship between church and state. The wide-ranging reforms introduced during their reigns affected social, economic, cultural, judicial and legal life, as well as education. The Church and its different branches like the religious orders (ordo regularis) were the cohesive elements of this program: as a kind of supranational institution, it was the responsibility of the ecclesiastical administration to introduce, operate and control it. Without the state-church structure, the system as a whole would have remained dysfunctional. In fact, in relation to the objectives of Maria Theresa and Joseph II, we should not speak primarily of church reform, but of the modernization or centralization program of the multi-ethnic Habsburg monarchy. The Piarists are considered the most committed supporters of the 18th-century reform spirit, who, as a teaching order, also incorporated the new scientific achievements of the time into the education of the youth. The activities of the Piarists received great support from Maria Theresa and Joseph II, who entrusted them with the creation of many new educational institutions. Paradoxically, this relationship of trust almost led to the dissolution of the Order in the Josephine decade, when the Emperor sought to exploit the Piarists by dissolving the Order and employing its members in the state. This was ultimately hampered by scarce financial resources, but the existential fear of dissolution and the loosening of the order’s ties led many religious (lat. religiousus) to leave the community and continue their careers as diocesan priests or lay teachers.