bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Kod Etika Wartawan Malaysia 2024 Daripada Perspektif Maqasid Syariah
Authors: Kamaruddin Nur Kamilah , Ab Alim Nik Nurul Akmal , Ab Rahman Nor Azrina @ Nor Azura , Sabaruddin Siti Nor Azimah
Published: January 2025

Kewartawanan telah menjadi satu medium saluran berita dan maklumat rasmi kepada masyarakat. Bagi memastikan agensi media menjalankan tanggungjawab dengan baik, Jabatan Penerangan Malaysia (JaPen) telah melancarkan Kod Etika Wartawan Malaysia 2024 bagi menggantikan kod etika wartawan lama yang telah digunakan sejak 1989. Namun, wujud keperluan kepada satu kajian bagi menentukan keselarasan antara etika kewartawanan tersebut dengan maqasid syariah. Sehubungan dengan itu, kajian ini dijalankan bagi menganalisis penetapan Kod Etika Wartawan Malaysia 2024 menurut perspektif maqasid syariah. Kajian ini dilihat penting kerana memahami peranan maqasid syariah secara menyeluruh dapat membantu wartawan melaksanakan tugas mereka secara profesional, beretika dan berintegriti. Hal ini dapat memerangi penyebaran maklumat palsu seterusnya memartabatkan media sebagai sumber berita dan maklumat yang boleh dipercayai rakyat. Bagi mencapai objektif kajian, pengkaji menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan menganalisis dokumen Kod Etika Wartawan 2024 secara kritis dengan menggunakan kaedah analisis tematik. Kajian kepustakaan turut dijalankan bagi mengkaji literatur berkaitan etika kewartawanan, maqasid syariah, dan kaedah fiqh. Hasil kajian mendapati bahawa kesemua lapan etika utama dalam Kod Etika Wartawan Malaysia 2024 adalah sejajar dengan matlamat syarak khususnya dalam pemeliharaan agama, nyawa, akal, maruah dan harta.
 
Kata kunci: Fiqh Kewartawanan, Wartawan, Kod Etika Wartawan Malaysia 2024, JaPen, Maqasid Syariah
THE IMPACT OF MATERNAL EMOTIONAL INTELLIGENCE AND BACKGROUND ON CHILDREN'S EMOTIONAL COMPETENCE
Authors: Hsu Pei-Chuan
Published: January 2025

This study aimed to explore the relationship between maternal emotional intelligence, background factors, and children's emotional competence, focusing on how these factors contribute to the emotional development of children aged 1 to 6 years. Data were collected through a questionnaire survey using purposive sampling. A total of two hundred thirty-five mothers and their children participated, ensuring a balanced gender distribution. Results showed that children's emotional competence does not significantly differ by gender. The higher the emotional competence is, the greater the age and grade level are. Maternal emotional intelligence plays a significant role in predicting children's emotional competence. This study highlights the critical role of mothers’ emotional support in fostering children's emotional growth. It also suggests that the role of fathers and other contextual factors must be considered to build a more comprehensive image.
Keywords: emotional intelligence, emotional competence, maternal EQ
FACILITIES AND EQUIPMENT IN CHILDCARE SETTINGS: PROMOTING A SUSTAINABLE ENVIRONMENT FOR INFANTS AND TODDLERS
Authors: Yeh Yu-Ching , Hsieh Mei-Huey , Yang Zih-Syuan , Chang Mei-Mei , Chien Hsin-Jung , Hong Wei-Lun , Tsai Hsiao-Hsin
Published: January 2025

Well-designed physical spaces and appropriate equipment are crucial for enhancing the quality of care and education for infants and toddlers. Four key areas were examined hygiene and safety, learning and development, space and facility management, and sustainability. The study sampled childcare centers based on their geographic distribution and type, including 193 centers—155 public and 38 private. The findings reveal disparities in facilities and equipment between public and private centers, highlighting the need for more detailed regulations and sustainable practices. Public centers, which benefit from government funding, typically offer higher-quality facilities, whereas private centers, constrained by costs, often lack sustainable equipment and caregiver-friendly amenities. Additionally, the potential risks associated with over-reliance on soothing chairs, baby cradles, and playpens may impede toddlers' physical development. The results underscore the need for clear guidelines to help private centers enhance their facilities and call for more specific standards, especially in rapidly expanding public childcare services in Asian countries, to ensure that childcare environments support the well-being of both children and caregivers.
Keywords: childcare settings, caring environment, infants and toddlers, sustainable environment, age-appropriate
Quantifying Bursty Star Formation in Dwarf Galaxies
Authors: Ting Yuan-Sen , Ji Alexander
Published: January 2025

Dwarf galaxy star formation histories are theoretically expected to be bursty, potentially leaving distinct imprints on their chemical evolution. We propose that episodic starbursts with quiescent periods longer than ~100 Myr should lead to discontinuous tracks in a dwarf galaxy’s [ α/Fe]-[Fe/H] chemical abundance plane, with metallicity gaps as large as 0.3-0.5 dex at [Fe/H] = -2. This occurs due to continued Fe production by Type Ia supernovae during quiescent periods. We demonstrate that Gaussian mixture models can statistically distinguish discontinuous and continuous tracks based on the Akaike Information Criterion. Applying this method to APOGEE observations of the Sculptor dSph galaxy suggests an episodic star formation history with ~300 Myr quiescent periods. While current dwarf galaxy datasets are limited by small spectroscopic sample sizes, future surveys and extremely large telescopes will enable determining large numbers of precise chemical abundances, opening up the investigation of very short timescales in early dwarf galaxy formation. This unprecedentedly high time resolution of dwarf galaxy formation in the early Universe has important implications for understanding both reionization in the early Universe and the episodic star formation cycle of dwarf galaxies.
ANALISIS KESULITAN SISWA DALAM MENYELESAIKAN SOAL CERITA PADA MATERI PERSAMAAN KUADRAT
Authors: Inayah Hikmi , Ratnaningsih Nani , Rahayu Diar Veni
Published: January 2025

Dalam proses pembelajaran matematika, murid akan belajar tentang beragam konsep dan teori matematika yang mencakup berbagai topik. Namun, banyak siswa yang mengalami kesulitan dalam memahami konsep terutama dalam menyelesaikan soal cerita. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menyelidiki kendala yang dihadapi siswa ketika menyelesaikan pertanyaan dalam bentuk cerita pada topik persamaan kuadrat. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian kualitatif, dan menggunakan pendekatan deskriptif. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di SMP Dharma Ksatria. Subjek penelitian ini adalah kelas IX A di SMP Dharma Ksatria tahun ajaran 2023/2024. Metode pengumpulan data yang diterapkan adalah melalui tes dan wawancara. Proses analisis data dilakukan terhadap hasil tes siswa, diikuti dengan penskoran menggunakan panduan penskoran yang telah disiapkan. Berdasarkan hasil tes diketahui bahwa siswa mengalami kesulitan pada materi persamaan kuadrat. Dalam tahap pemahaman masalah, tidak ada murid yang menghadapi kesulitan dalam memahami pertanyaan tersebut. Berdarkan hasil penelitian siswa masih kesulitan dalam menyelesaikan masalah cerita pada topik persamaan kuadrat menimbulkan sejumlah kesulitan bagi siswa, termasuk: (1) Kurangnya pemahaman siswa terhadap konsep-konsep persamaan kuadrat, (2) Kesulitan siswa dalam mengoperasikan perkalian dalam konteks aljabar, (3) Kesulitan siswa dalam menentukan akar-akar pada persamaan kuadrat, (4) Kesulitan siswa dalam memeriksa kembali jawaban. Untuk mengatasi tantangan ini, disarankan supaya guru lebih sering menggunakan soal cerita dalam pembelajaran sehingga siswa dapat terbiasa menyelesaikan jenis soal tersebut.
ANALISIS KESALAHAN SISWA DALAM MENYELESAIKAN SOAL CERITA EKSPONEN DITINJAU DARI SELF EFFICACY
Authors: Masruroh Titin - , Nalurita Ika Victoria
Published: January 2025

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengidentifikasi dan menjelaskan kesalahan yang dilakukan siswa saat menyelesaikan soal cerita eksponen yang ditinjau dari self efficacy. Seorang guru mata pelajaran matematika di MAN 1 Gresik mengatakan bahwa banyak siswa yang masih melakukan kesalahan saat menyelesaikan soal cerita. Hal ini terjadi karena siswa lemah dalam memahami kalimat soal sehingga siswa tidak mampu mengubah soal ke model matematika. Jenis penelitian deskriptif kualitatif adalah metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini. Untuk mengumpulkan data, penelitian ini dilakukan pada 27 siswa di kelas X-9 MAN 1 Gresik pada tahun akademik 2023/2024. Angket, tes, dan wawancara adalah metode pengumpulan data. Hasil penelitian diperoleh siswa yang termasuk kategori self efficacy tinggi dan sedang mengalami kesalahan ketrampilan perhitungan operasi matematika dan membuat kesimpulan, dan siswa yang termasuk self efficacy rendah mengalami kesalahan mengubah soal cerita ke bentuk matematika, ketrampilan perhitungan operasi matematika dan membuat kesimpulan.
PENGARUH MODEL PROBLEM BASED LEARNING DALAM PEMBELAJARAN BERDIFERENSIASI TERHADAP KEMAMPUAN PENALARAN MATEMATIS SISWA
Authors: Septiani Anisa , Sofnidar Sofnidar , Simatupang Gugun M.
Published: January 2025

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh model problem based learning dalam pembelajaran berdiferensiasi terhadap kemampuan penalaran matematis siswa kelas VII SMP N 9 Muaro Jambi. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan dalam kurun waktu 1 bulan mulai pada 15 Januari 2024 – 15 Februari 2024. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kuantitatif berjenis ekperimen. Adapun tahapan penelitian ditempuh dalam tiga tahap yaitu perencanaan, pelaksanaaan penelitian, dan laporan penelitian. Pada tahap perencanaan terlebih dahulu dapat mengidentifikasi masalah, merumuskan masalah, studi pendahuluan, merumuskan hipotesis, menentukan sampel penelitian, dan menyusun rencana penelitian. Pada tahap pelaksanaan penelitian dilakukan pengumpulan data serta melakukan analisis data, selanjutnya menulis hasil laporan penelitian. Pemilihan sampel dilakukan dengan teknik simple random sampling untuk menentukan dua kelas sampel. Desain penelitian yang digunakan adalah Pretest Postest Control Group Design. Pada penelitian jenis tes yang digunakan adalah pretest dan post test yang berupa soal uraian yang berjumlah 5 soal. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa nilai kemampuan penalaran matematis siswa pada saat sebelum diberikan perlakuan memperoleh hasil 37,89, dan setelah diberikan perlakuan memperoleh hasil 64,89. Sementara itu, pada hasil uji T didapatkan hasil nilai Sig. (2 – tailed) sebesar 0,001. Hasil nilai tersebut lebih kecil dari 0,05 sehingga dapat disimpulkan bahwa adanya pengaruh model problem based learning dalam pembelajaran berdiferensiasi terhadap kemampuan penalaran matematis siswa kelas VII SMP yang signifikan sebelum dilakukan pretest dan sesudah diberikan post-test.
PENGARUH PROBLEM BASED LEARNING DALAM DIFFERENTIATED INSTRUCTION TERHADAP KEMAMPUAN KOMUNIKASI MATEMATIS SISWA KELAS VII
Authors: Kartika Amalia , Syaiful Syaiful , Sofnidar Sofnidar
Published: January 2025

Rendahnya kemampuan komunikasi matematis siswa di SMP N 14 Kota Jambi serta model pembe-lajaran yang diterapkan dikelas tidak menjadikan siswa sebagai pusat belajar. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh yang signifikan dari Penerapan model Problem Based Learning dalam Differentiated Instruction terhadap kemampuan komunikasi matematis siswa kelas VII. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode eksperimential yaitu dimulai dari pemberian soal pretest mengenai materi kese-bangunan dengan penilaian indikator kemampuan komunikasi matematis, lalu observasi keterlaksanaan aktivitas guru dan siswa, serta pemberian soal posttest yang mana semua perlakuan ini berlaku untuk kelas eksperimen dan kontrol. Selanjutnya data yang telah didapat akan di olah dan di analisis. Penelitian ini menggunakan pretest-posttest control group design dengan populasi siswa kelas VII. Teknik pengambilan sampel berupa simple random sampling. Sampel penelitian adalah kelas VII F yang diberi perlakuan dengan model Problem Based Learning dan kelas VII G yang diberi perlakuan dengan model pembelajaran konvensional. Data penelitian diperoleh melalui lembar observasi dan tes (pretest dan posttest). Hasil penelitian mengindikasi bahwa model Problem Based Learning terhadap kemampuan komunikasi matematis siswa pada materi kesebangunan kelas VII SMP N 14 Kota Jambi. Berdasarkan uji t terhadap data posttest berbantuan software SPSS 26 for windows didapatkan  yaitu  dan uji lanjut omega squared diperoleh pengaruh berupa peningkatan kemampuan komunikasi matematis siswa sebesar 16,31% sedangkan 83,69% ditentukan oleh faktor-faktor lain yang tidak diketahui.
ANALISIS KEMAMPUAN PENALARAN MATEMATIS SISWA KELAS VII DALAM PEMBELAJARAN BERDIFERENSIASI BERDASARKAN KESIAPAN BELAJAR
Authors: Ariyanti Junia , Sofnidar Sofnidar , Theis Roseli
Published: January 2025

Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi oleh rendahnya kemampuan penalaran matematis siswa kelas VII, hal ini dilihat dari hasil observasi awal yang telah dilakukan. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis dan mendeskripsikan kemampuan penalaran matematis siswa Kelas VII dalam pembelajaran berdiferensiasi berdasarkan kesiapan belajar di SMP Negeri 9 Muaro Jambi. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode deskriptif dengan pendekatan kualitatif. Instrumen penelitian yang digunakan yaitu data kemampuan awal matematis siswa, hasil tes tertulis siswa dalam menyelesaikan soal penalaran matematis pada materi bentuk aljabar dan hasil wawancara. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan meliputi 3 tahapan yaitu: 1) reduksi data; 2) penyajian data; 3) penarikan kesimpulan. Pengambilan subjek pada penelitian ini secara purposive sampling. Subjek penelitian yang digunakan sebanyak 6 siswa dari 28 siswa. Subjek terpilih merupakan 2 siswa dalam pembelajaran berdiferensiasi berdasarkan kesiapan belajar tinggi (SKBT), 2 siswa dalam pembelajaran berdiferensiasi berdasarkan kesiapan belajar sedang (SKBS), dan 2 siswa dalam pembelajaran berdiferensiasi berdasarkan kesiapan belajar rendah (SKBR). Dalam penelitian ini, kemampuan penalaran matematis subjek dilihat berdasarkan indikator kemampuan penalaran matematis dalam menyelesaikan soal tes dan wawancara. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kemampuan penalaran matematis dalam pembelajaran berdiferensiasi berdasarkan kesiapan belajar tinggi (S1KBT dan S2KBT) pada materi bentuk aljabar secara keseluruhan diperoleh 94,11% dan 88,23%, berada pada kategori tinggi. S1KBS dan S2KBS pada materi bentuk aljabar secara keseluruhan keduanya memperoleh 64,70%, berada pada kategori sedang. S1KBR dan S2KBR pada materi bentuk aljabar secara keseluruhan memperoleh 35,29% dan 41,17%. Ini berarti S1KBR dan S2KBR berada pada kategori rendah.
PENGARUH MODEL PROBLEM BASED LEARNING PADA PEMBELAJARAN MATEMATIKA TERHADAP KEMAMPUAN BERPIKIR KRITIS MATEMATIS SISWA KELAS VIII
Authors: Sundari Fitri , Setyawati Astri , Qomariyah Siti
Published: January 2025

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh model pembelajaran Problem Based Learning (PBL) Kemampuan Berpikir Kritis Matematis Siswa Kelas VIII. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan pada semester ganjil tahun pelajaran 2024/2025. Latar belakang penelitian ini adalah rendahnya Kemampuan Berpikir Kritis Matematis Siswa. Penelitian ini termasuk penelitian kuantitatif. Penelitian kuantitatif yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah jenis penelitian eksperimen. Metode penelitian yang digunakan untuk mencari pengaruh perlakuan/tindakan/treatment tertentu terhadap yang lain dalam kondisi yang terkendalikan. Desain eksperimen yang digunakan adalah quasi eksperimen design. Populasi dan sampel yang digunakan adalah sebanyak 60 siswa, yakni 30 siswa kelas VIIIA dan 30 siswa kels VIIIB. Karena populasi dalam penelitian ini berjumlah 60 siswa dengan hal itu berarti jumlah subyeknya kurang dari 100 maka peneliti menggunakan teknik sampling jenuh. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa rata-rata hasil post-test kelas kontrol sebesar 23.57 dan post-test kelas eksperimen sebesar 74.93. Terdapat selisih antara rata-rata antara hasil post-test kelas eksperimen dan kontrol sebesar 51.36 yaitu rata-rata post-test kelas kontrol post-test kelas eksperimen, yang berarti nilai rata-rata post-test kelas eksperimen lebih besar dari post-test kelas kontrol. Hal ini menunjukkan adanya perbedaan yang signifikan antara diberi perlakuan model pembelajaran konvensional dan diberi perlakuan model pembelajaran  Problem Based Learning. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dari pembahasan yang telah diuraikan, diperoleh nilai  = 17.61 dan  = 1.70, karena  (17.69 1.70), maka  diterima dan terdapat pengaruh yang positif penggunaan model pembelajaran Problem Based Learning terhadap kemampuan berpikir kritis matematis siswa.
Evaluation of the outcome of percutaneous transluminal angioplasty in renal graft artery stenosis using the areas under the time curve of glomerular filtration rate and blood pressure
Authors: Stříbrná J , Schück O , Peregrin JH , Krajíčková D , Skibová J
Published: January 2025

The benefit of percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA) of transplant renal artery stenosis for ischemic nephropathy may be adversely affected by rejection or other complications. As a result, assessment of the effect of PTA on renal function or blood pressure is often difficult. In this paper, we evaluated the effect of PTA using the method of integrated glomerular filtration rate (GFR) based upon the area under the curve over a follow-up period (AUC0-t), to express the level of GFR in a simple manner despite its significant fluctuations. A similar procedure was used to evaluate mean arterial pressure (MAP). The method was employed to assess the outcome in 20 individuals before PTA, and 1, 3, 6, 9 and 12 months after PTA. In eight cases, rejection was detected while there was one case of glomerulonephritis in the graft during the follow-up period. Evaluation (AUCCcr)0-12 related to the integrated pre-PTA value of Ccr [(Ccr)0 x 12] revealed a rise in GFR by more than 20 % in 65 % of cases. No improvement was observed in seven individuals with post-PTA complications. When assessing the integrated value of MAP, success of PTA (a reduction by at least 10 %) was found in 85 % of cases. No significant correlation was found between the relative changes of integrated GFR and MAP. Our data suggest that evaluation of the integrated value of GFR or MAP on the basis of AUC0-t allows to characterize, in a simple manner, the level of graft function and MAP throughout the follow-up period in individual cases. Furthermore, it may provide additional information on the average values obtained at different time intervals after the therapeutic procedure.
Effect of diet and 677 C®T 5, 10-methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase genotypes on plasma homocyst(e)ine concentrations in Slovak adolescent population
Authors: Rašlová K , Bederová A , Gašparovič J , Blažíček P , Smolková B
Published: January 2025

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of diet and 677 C®T mutation of the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) gene on plasma homocyst(e)ine concentrations in an adolescent population (113 males, age: 14.2±2.4 years; 202 females, age: 14.9±2.1 years) from a region characterized by high cardiovascular mortality. Homocyst(e)ine levels did not differ between males and females (9.4±3.5 and 8.9±3.1 mmol/l, respectively). The homozygosity for the 677 C®T MTHFR mutation was found in 4.6 % of subjects. No differences in homocyst(e)ine levels were found between MTHFR genotypes. Analysis of the diet composition which was performed on a 24-hour daily recall basis and a food frequency questionnaire showed a low daily intake of vitamin B6 (males: 1.13 mg/66 % RDA; females: 0.92 mg/61 % RDA). Daily folic acid intake was 0.21 g/105 % RDA in males and 0.23 g/115 % RDA in females. The results of our study show that the high homocyst(e)ine levels in the adolescent population were not affected by the 677 C®T MTHFR mutation. We conclude that an insufficient dietary intake of vitamin B6 and folic acid is responsible for this finding. This is in accord with the recommendation that the dietary allowances for folate should be reset to the originally prescribed levels of 0.4 g/day which should be sufficient to control the homocysteine levels.
Applied Developments of the Grebenshchikov Institute of Silicate Chemistry from its Foundation to the 1990s. Historical Background
Authors:   Branch Grebenshchikov Institute of Silicate Chemistry, Konstantinov St. Petersburg Institute of Nuclear Physics of the National Research Center "Kurchatov Institute", St. Petersburg, Russia, Tyurnina Natalia G.
Published: January 2025

The article presents a brief historical background on the participation of
the Institute of Silicate Chemistry of the USSR Academy of Sciences in
projects and applied developments from the moment of its establishment
to the period of the 90s of the XX century on the main objects of research:
ceramic materials, glass, coatings, as well as methods of analyzing substances. The contribution of the Institute's scientists to the solution of
scientific and technological problems facing the country due to the complex and profound fundamental research is shown.
Time of Self-Organization. Scientific Heritage of S. P. Kurdyumov
Authors:   Keldysh Institute of Applied Mathematics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia, Malinetsky Georgy G.
Published: January 2025

The article deals with the activities of the famous Soviet and Russian scientist, specialist in mathematical physics and computational mathematics, mathematical modeling, plasma physics and synergetics, founder of
the theory of self-organization, corresponding member of the Russian
Academy of Sciences Sergey Pavlovich Kurdyumov (1928—2004). He performed large computational and theoretical works in the field of nuclear
power engineering and laser thermonuclear fusion; he created methods
for computer modeling of the dynamics of laser thermonuclear targets.
С. Kurdyumov made a great contribution to the development of the qualitative theory of nonlinear parabolic equations and problems of synergetics. He and his scientific school developed the theory of regimes with
aggravation for quasilinear heat conduction equations with a source, and
constructed the theory of diffusion chaos. The theory of regimes with aggravation, created by him, which gained world recognition, was extended
to compressible media, problems of hydrodynamics and magnetic hydrodynamics. These results found important applications and experimental
confirmation in problems related to laser thermonuclear fusion, microwave breakdown of the atmosphere, and thermochemistry. Through the
prism of time, the era of global discoveries, the stages of his biography
and main scientific achievements are given, and his contribution to the
realization of the Space and Computer Computing Projects is assessed.
Национальные корреляции публикационной и инновационной активности (на основе статистических данных ведущих стран за 2017—2021 гг.)
Authors:   Yaroslavl State Pedagogical University named after K. D. Ushinsky, Yaroslavl, Russia, Gavrilov Andrey V. Gavrilov
Published: January 2025

Introduction. Scientific and innovative activity in modern society is the
most significant factor of development in all spheres of public life without exception. The analysis of the patterns associated with this activity
contributes to a better understanding of the factors influencing them,
and ultimately to an increase in their effectiveness. Methods. The indicators of the publication activity of researchers from the leading scientific and economic countries of the world are taken from the international databases Scopus and Web of Science. Conclusions on innovation
activity are based on data on the number of patent applications for
discoveries and inventions, also by country. Results and Discussion. The
chronological period has been selected: five years before the start of
the SVO. This period allows us to obtain a sufficient amount of information to compare Russian indicators with foreign analogues, relatively
reducing the influence of political factors. Based on the data analysis,
it is concluded that there are relatively stable correlations between the
number of publications and the number of patents by country groups.
Conclusion. Groups of countries with relatively high innovation activity,
medium and low, are identified. China, the USA, Japan, the Republic of
Korea, Germany and France in Europe are among the countries to study
the experience of R&D in order to increase its effectiveness.
Cancer theragnostics: closing the loop for advanced personalized cancer treatment through the platform integration of therapeutics and diagnostics
Authors: Sergeeva Olga V. , Luo Liang , Guiseppi-Elie Anthony
Published: January 2025

Cancer continues to be one of the leading causes of death worldwide, and conventional cancer therapies such as chemotherapy, radiation therapy, and surgery have limitations. RNA therapy and cancer vaccines hold considerable promise as an alternative to conventional therapies for their ability to enable personalized therapy with improved efficacy and reduced side effects. The principal approach of cancer vaccines is to induce a specific immune response against cancer cells. However, a major challenge in cancer immunotherapy is to predict which patients will respond to treatment and to monitor the efficacy of the vaccine during treatment. Theragnostics, an integration of diagnostic and therapeutic capabilities into a single hybrid platform system, has the potential to address these challenges by enabling real-time monitoring of treatment response while allowing endogenously controlled personalized treatment adjustments. In this article, we review the current state-of-the-art in theragnostics for cancer vaccines and RNA therapy, including imaging agents, biomarkers, and other diagnostic tools relevant to cancer, and their application in cancer therapy development and personalization. We also discuss the opportunities and challenges for further development and clinical translation of theragnostics in cancer vaccines.
Network analysis reveals potential mechanisms that determine the cellular identity of keratinocytes and corneal epithelial cells through the Hox/Gtl2-Dio3 miRNA axis
Authors: Guo Yanjie , Wu Weini , Chen Haoyu , Wang Xueqi , Zhang Yi , Li Shuaipeng , Yang Xueyi
Published: January 2025

During embryonic development, both corneal epithelial cells (CECs) and keratinocytes (KCs) originate from the surface ectoderm. As a result of this shared origin, corneal epithelial cells may exhibit the same characteristics as the skin epidermis in pathological situations, while keratinocytes are ideal seed cells for tissue-engineered corneas. However, how the identities of keratinocytes and corneal epithelial cells are determined is currently unclear. In this study, to investigate the molecular mechanisms determining the identity of keratinocytes and corneal epithelial cells, small RNA and mRNA sequencing analyses of these two cell types were performed. Analysis of the sequencing data revealed that almost all the miRNAs in the Gtl2-Dio3 imprinting region were highly expressed in keratinocytes and accounted for 30% of all differentially expressed miRNAs (DEMs). Since all the genes in the Gtl2-Dio3 imprinting region form a long polycistronic RNA under the control of the Gtl2 promoter, we next examined the expression of transcription factors and their binding near the Gtl2 locus. The findings indicated that the homeobox family dominated the differentially expressed transcription factors, and almost all Hox genes were silenced in corneal epithelial cells. Transcription binding site prediction and ChIP-seq revealed the binding of Hox proteins near the Gtl2 locus. Analysis of the Gtl-Dio3 miRNA target genes indicated that these miRNAs mainly regulate the Wnt signaling pathway and the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway. The crucial transcription factors in corneal epithelial cells, Pax6, Otx2, and Foxc1, are also targets of Gtl-Dio3 miRNAs. Our study revealed potential mechanisms that determine the cellular identity of keratinocytes and corneal epithelial cells through the Hox/Gtl2-Dio3 miRNA axis, which provides a new perspective for understanding the developmental regulation of corneal epithelial cells and the mechanisms of corneal opacity, as well as for establishing the groundwork for promoting the transdifferentiation of keratinocytes into corneal epithelial cells.
Case Report: A rare case of Noonan syndrome with multiple lentigines manifesting as cardiac enlargement
Authors: Fan Linghua , Jiang Jie , Zhang Yan , Han Xiaoning , Ding Wenhui , Xue Xiaodi , Jiang Yimeng
Published: January 2025

Noonan syndrome with multiple lentigines (NSML) is a rare autosomal dominant disorder, primarily caused by variants in the PTPN11 gene. Characterized by multiple lentigines, hypertelorism, short stature, and hearing loss, its common cardiac manifestations include pulmonary stenosis, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM), atrial septal defect, and left-sided heart lesions. We report a 58-year-old female diagnosed with NSML presenting with bilateral atrial and ventricular chamber enlargement and atrial fibrillation, which are uncommon cardiac phenotypes of NSML.
Three-dimensional illumination analysis in pipe-like complexities by ray-tracing modeling
Authors: Cui Zhihua , Tan Feng , Taiwo Olusoji Lawrence
Published: January 2025

Pipe-like formations are vertical, complex and shape-diverse subsurface structures. The accurate seismic interpretation is essential for understanding their fluid dynamics and environmental impacts. However, conventional seismic exploration techniques struggle to accurately resolve their critical areas due to a general decline in imaging quality. This challenge is significant due to their three-dimensional nature, as some exaggerated forms impact seismic imaging, despite appearing similar in 2D slices. This limited perspective is commonly used in the oil and gas industry. This study uses a forward solution based on ray-tracing modeling specifically designed for illumination studies to help understand the impact of boundary on illumination variation, complemented by robust geometric models and elastic information derived from reasonable interpretations. We explore the impact of boundary edge curvature on illumination. The findings indicate that low curvature edges allow more rays to penetrate deeper into the boundary areas, potentially achieving higher illumination. The potential distribution of low-illumination or shadow zones are then proposed on the horizontal attribute at the top of the root area, which may explain why internal structures are often poorly imaged. This suggests the possibility of internal ray preclusion, leading to local multiples that cannot be effectively received. This research supports and enhances the understanding of why conventional seismic methods have difficulty in fully addressing imaging quality for such complex structures. It provides a thoughtful basis for further geological interpretation of this and similar vertical structures under the constraints of seismic imaging technology.
Socio-philosophical analysis of education as the basis of the social and investment model of the strengthening of the statehood, social identity and elite of Kyrgyzstan
Authors: Aidaraliev Amantur , Madaliev Mukhtarbek M.
Published: January 2025

This paper seeks the goal of developing a new – social and investment – model for strengthening statehood, social identity and the elite of Kyrgyzstan. Econometric modeling of the role of education in strengthening the statehood, social identity and elite of Kyrgyzstan based on the data of the official statistics for 2006–2021 is performed. As a result, a close connection between education and other interests in enhancing the statehood, social identity and elite of Kyrgyzstan is substantiated. The key role in this process belongs not to higher but to secondary vocational education. That is why it is set in the basis of the proposed social and investment model of strengthening of statehood, social identity and elite of Kyrgyzstan. The theoretical significance of the authors’ conclusions is due to the most complete description of cause-and-effect relationships of enhancing the statehood, social identity and elite of Kyrgyzstan through the clarification of education’s role in them. The social significance of the paper lies in the rethinking of the theory and practice of strengthening statehood, social identity and elite from the position of sustainable development. The authors’ recommendations support the practical implementation of SDG 1, SDG 4, SDG 9, SDG 10, and SDG 11. The practical significance of the developed social and investment model of strengthening of statehood, social identity and elite of Kyrgyzstan consists in its enhancing the scientific and methodological framework for the practical implementation of the National strategy of development of the Kyrgyz Republic for 2018–2040, adopted by the Decree of the President of the Kyrgyz Republic dated 31 October 2018, No. 221. The developed social and investment model will allow the Kyrgyz Republic to adopt the status of great power and to reach the leading positions in Central Asia in the Decade of Action.
Self-directed learning for optimizing sustainable language learning via mobile assisted language learning: a systematic review
Authors: Shalini Roy S. , Gandhimathi S. N. S.
Published: January 2025

Sustainability has become an essential factor in the field of education as the world evolves toward digitization. Technology is a valuable educational tool for sustainable development and it is rapidly adopted worldwide, leading to substantial educational innovations and findings. Technology such as Interactive Whiteboards, Learning Management Systems (LMS), and Mobile Assisted Language Learning (MALL), enhance self-directed learning among the learners. According to the goals of UNESCO, the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development Goal-4 (SDG4) focuses on quality education that endorses equity and equal opportunity for all. Mobile Learning is an educational method that can improve a teaching-learning context. However, limited studies have focused on utilizing MALL in the context of self-directed learning. The present study discusses the use of mobile applications for sustainable language learning. It provides a systematic review of the findings of 16 empirical studies published between 2019 and 2023 from Scopus and the Web of Science, based on PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) 2020. The study analyzes the use of mobile apps for self-directed learning and highlights the importance of digital abilities in promoting lifelong learning. The result indicates the benefits of self-directed learning in promoting sustainable learning and discusses the potential of Mobile-Assisted Language Learning (MALL) in providing lifelong learning opportunities.
Study on the synergistic preparation of functional soil from multiple coal-based solid wastes
Authors: Liu Yanan , Han Fenglan , Li Ning , Dong Fuyuan , An Changcong , Yang Wenna , Li Tingfeng
Published: January 2025

Three coal-based solid wastes—fly ash (FA), gasification slag (GS), and coal gangue (CG)—were used to prepare functional soil (FGC) for the ecological restoration of mining areas. It not only solves the problem of shortage of soil resources in the mining area, but also realizes the resourceful use of coal-based solid waste. Investigating the functional soil physicochemical properties and oatgrass growth characteristics revealed the optimal functional soil ratios. Compared with the control (CK) at 30 d, the average pH of the FGC3 (FA: 50wt%; GS: 25wt%; CG: 25wt%) decreased from 9.54 to 8.54, the average organic matter content increased from 2.57% to 7.60%, and the average available potassium and ammonium nitrogen content increased from 38.02 to 2.83 mg⋅kg−1 to 53.46 and 3.21 mg⋅kg−1, respectively. Functional soil bulk density and porosity were superior to Sandy soil somewhere in Ningxia (SL) for GS and CG contents <25wt%. GS and CG significantly improved oatgrass agronomic traits. Compared with CK the average plant height, stem thickness, fresh weight, and dry weight of oatgrass in FGC3 increased from 17.68 cm, 0.99 mm, 0.09 g, and 0.02 g to 27.0 cm, 1.26 mm, 0.24 g, and 0.04 g, respectively. And chlorophyll content was increased by 20.39% compared with CK. This study verified the feasibility of the synergistic preparation of functional soils from three coal-based solid wastes and provides reference for the ecological restoration and large-scale utilization of coal-based solid wastes.
Digital economy, green innovation and regional resource allocation efficiency: evidence from 257 cities in China
Authors: Jiang Li , Zhang Min , Hu Shihui
Published: January 2025

Introduction

The digital economy is reshaping economic structures and resource flows, but its role in enhancing resource allocation efficiency within the framework of green development has not yet been fully explored.

Methods

This paper analyzes panel data from 257 Chinese cities to investigate how the digital economy influences regional resource allocation efficiency, with a focus on the mediating role of green innovation.

Results

The results show that the digital economy significantly improves resource allocation efficiency, with nonlinear effects characterized by increasing marginal returns. Mechanism tests reveal that the digital economy optimizes resource allocation by fostering green innovation. Heterogeneity analysis indicates that in eastern regions and areas with strong environmental regulations, the digital economy promotes both substantive and strategic green innovations, leading to higher efficiency. In mid-western regions, only substantive green innovation has a significant effect, while regions with weak environmental regulations experience less pronounced impacts.

Discussion

This study offers insights into leveraging green innovation to achieve efficient resource allocation and strengthen environmental resilience in the digital era.
Climate change and urban forests: generational differences in women’s perceptions and willingness to participate in conservation efforts
Authors: Maleknia Rahim , Elena Enescu Raluca , Salehi Tayebeh
Published: January 2025

Introduction

Climate change represents one of the most pressing challenges confronting contemporary societies. Despite occupying a relatively small proportion of the Earth’s surface, cities contribute disproportionately to greenhouse gas emissions. Urban forests, as a vital form of natural infrastructure, play a critical role in mitigating the adverse impacts of climate change. Effective management and conservation of these resources necessitate active engagement from diverse stakeholder groups, with women being a particularly important demographic. However, generational differences in women’s perceptions of climate change and their willingness to participate in urban forest conservation have received limited investigation. This study seeks to address this gap by comparing the perceptions and conservation participation intentions of two groups of women: those belonging to Generation Z and women from earlier generations.

Methods

The sample comprised 401 women from Generation Z and 395 women from other generations. Data for the study were collected using a questionnaire administered through a multi-stage cluster sampling method. The collected data encompassed participants’ awareness of climate change, its causes, the dual impacts of climate change and urban forests, their willingness to engage in urban forest management, and their demographic characteristics such as age, educational level, family size, family income, highest education in family, and educational levels of fathers and mothers. The analysis was conducted using both descriptive and inferential statistical methods.

Results

The results revealed significant generational differences in understanding climate change, recognizing the role of forests in mitigating its effects, and demonstrating willingness to engage in urban forest conservation. Across all measures, Generation Z exhibited higher levels of awareness and willingness compared to older generations. Furthermore, increased awareness of these issues in both groups was positively associated with a greater willingness to participate in urban forest management. Socio-economic factors also influenced willingness differently between the two generational groups, highlighting the nuanced effects of these variables on participation intentions.

Discussion

The results showed althought differences in awareness were observed between the two groups, increased awareness consistently led to a heightened willingness among both groups to participate in urban forest conservation. These findings underscore the importance of adopting intergenerational perspectives on climate change, emphasizing that educational and promotional programs must be tailored to account for generational differences to effectively maximize engagement and foster widespread participation in urban forest conservation efforts.
Climate factors dominate the spatial variation of forest soil nutrients: a meta analysis
Authors: Du Xiaoxuan , Li Xinyi , Wang Jiangfeng , Xu Jiali , Gao Jie
Published: January 2025

The management mode of forests has significant impacts on soil nutrients. However, with global changes, there is scant evidence to suggest whether the soil nutrients in planted and natural forests have a consistent response mechanism to environmental changes. Utilizing soil nutrient data from 263 planted forests and 434 natural forests in China, collected through field surveys of 298 forests and literature searches from 2005 to 2020, this study explores the differences in soil nutrients between natural and planted forests and their controlling factors. The results indicate that the soil available phosphorus content in natural forests is significantly higher than in planted forests (p < 0.001), and the soil pH is significantly lower than in planted forests (p < 0.001), while there is no significant difference in soil nitrogen content between the two (p > 0.05). With increases in Mean Annual Temperature (MAT) and Mean Annual Precipitation (MAP), soil available phosphorus content significantly increased, and soil pH significantly decreased (p < 0.001). Stand factors (such as stand age and stand density) have a greater influence on soil nutrients in natural forests than in planted forests. Climate factors contribute the most to the spatial variability of soil nutrients in both planted and natural forests. Compared with climate factors, stand factors and forest key leaf traits (such as leaf area, specific leaf area, leaf nitrogen and phosphorus content) had relatively little effect on soil nutrients in planted and natural forests. Climate factors directly or indirectly affect the soil nutrients of planted and natural forests by influencing stand factors and key leaf functional traits, and their direct effects are greater than their indirect effects. The results of this study demonstrate that forest soil nutrients of different types respond to global change in distinct patterns. In future forest management, special attention should be paid to the differences between artificial forests and natural forests.
Elucidating the causal associations and mechanisms between circulating immune cells and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: new insights from Mendelian randomization and transcriptomics
Authors: Yang Han , Wu Xuanyu , Xiao Xiang , Chen Jiajing , Yu Xiaomin , Zhao Wen , Wang Fei
Published: January 2025

Background

Growing evidence indicates an association between circulating immune cell phenotypes and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). Although studies have attempted to elucidate the causal relationship between the two, further clarification of the specific mechanisms and causal linkages is warranted.

Objective

We aimed to conduct a two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis with transcriptomics data analysis to elucidate the causal relationship between circulating immune cells and IPF and to explore potential biomarkers.

Methods

We first explored the bidirectional causal association between IPF and immune cell phenotypes using two-sample MR analysis. Genome-wide association studies data for immune cell phenotype and IPF were obtained from publicly available databases. A standardized instrumental variable screening process was used to select single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) for inclusion in the MR. Five methods represented by IVW were used to assess causal effects. Subsequently, SNP-nearest genes combined with the transcriptomics data of IPF were subjected to multiple bioinformatics analyses such as TIMER, WGCNA, functional enrichment analysis, protein-protein interaction analysis, and ROC to identify IPF biomarkers. Finally, the single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) data was used to validate our findings by single-cell analysis.

Results

The MR study identified 27 immune cell phenotypes causally associated with IPF, of which 20 were associated with a decreased risk of developing IPF and 7 were associated with an increased risk. CTSB (AUC=0.98), IL10 (AUC=0.83), and AGER (AUC=0.87) were identified as promising biomarkers of IPF. Single cell analysis showed differences in CD14+ CD16+ monocytes, CD16+ monocytes and Granulocyte-monocyte progenito between the IPF group and the healthy control group. The three hub genes were highly expressed in three immune cell subsets of IPF patients. It underscores the potential feasibility of three genes as biomarkers.

Conclusions

Our study demonstrates the causal associations of specific immune cell phenotypes with IPF through genetic methods and identifies CTSB, IL10, and AGER as biomarkers of IPF through bioinformatics analysis. These findings provide guidance for future clinical and basic research.
Mechanistic PKPD modeling to describe cytokine release associated with CD3 T-cell engager therapies
Authors: Lefèvre Apolline , Parra-Guillen Zinnia P. , Trocóniz Iñaki F. , Boetsch Christophe , Frances Nicolas
Published: January 2025

Introduction

T-cell engagers (TCE), a therapeutic class of cancer immunotherapy (CIT), offer a novel approach to cancer treatment by harnessing and reactivating the patient’s immune system to eradicate tumor cells. However, the use of TCE in the clinic can lead to severe side effects, including cytokine release syndrome (CRS). Therefore, innovative dosing strategies need to be implemented to mitigate the risk of developing CRS.

Method

In the presented work, a mechanistic pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics (PKPD) model describing cytokine release following TCE therapy has been developed combining literature knowledge and preclinical data. The model was developed to explore and test hypotheses regarding the mechanisms behind the decrease of cytokine release following two repeated TCE administrations.

Results

The model is able to successfully reproduce the observed dynamics of cytokine levels associated with the initial and subsequent TCE doses, accounting for different dosing intervals. In addition, the model suggests a mechanism of action that uncouples cytokine release from tumor cell killing.

Discussion

This model provides an initial mechanistic framework to support the design of experiments and paves the way for the application of mathematical modeling to support clinical dosing regimen selection of any TCE.