bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Are over a Third of Foster Parent Molestations Homosexual?
Authors: Cameron Paul
Published: December 2005

50% of foster parent abuse in a general population survey and 34% of abuse as determined by the Illinois DCFS was homosexual. In news stories in the 50 largest newspapers and wire services 1980–2003, 175 foster parents sexually abused 351+ charges. For the 169 whose sex of victim could be determined: 149 (88%) were men; 76 (53%) victimized homosexually; and 85 (50%) were unmarried. Men assaulted 319 (91%) victims, homosexual practitioners 222 (63%), and the unmarried 164 (47%). From 1980–1994 57% of the victims were girls; after 1994 56% were boys. In 21 group homes, the molestation was homosexual in 15 (71%) and 31 of the 32+ perpetrators were male and at least 334 of 349+ victims were boys.
An Evaluation Scale of Family Environment for Identification of Children at Risk of School Failure
Authors: Marturano Edna Maria , Ferreira Marlene De Cássia Trivellato , Bacarji Keiko Mali Garcia D'Avila
Published: December 2005

This study describes the development of the Home Environment Resources Scale, a Brazilian measure for families with children ages 6 to 12 years. The scale measures aspects of support for school achievement, made available to the child at home. A first version of the measure with 11 subscales was administered to 100 mothers or guardians of children with poor school achievement in a clinical setting. Analysis of the items in the first version resulted in a final version comprising 8 subscales with acceptable indices of internal consistency. Two validity studies were conducted. One aimed at verifying to what extent the Home Environment Resources Scale could discriminate the home environment of students referred to a mental health clinic on account of poor school performance. The sample included mothers of 53 referred and 23 nonreferred children. The two groups differed significantly in home resources and on four subscales. The other study assessed the validity, i.e., prediction of the academic outcome of children entering Grade 1. 70 children and their mothers participated. Results indicate that school achievement and social competence at school are mediated by family support.
Comment on Soar, et al.'s Case Study of Problems and Use of Ecstasy
Authors: Newman Robert G.
Published: December 2005

This case report provides no basis for drawing any conclusions regarding possible adverse effects of use of Ecstasy.
Reply to Schumm's Argument That Ending the Gay Ban Will Morally “Injure” Some Service Members
Authors: Belkin Aaron
Published: December 2005

Schumm does not explain why moral injuries that would ensue from serving alongside peers who utter the words “I am gay” warrant protection in federal law.
Low Income, Unemployment, and Suicide Mortality Rates for Middle-Age Persons in Japan
Authors: Yamasaki Akiko , Sakai Ryoji , Shirakawa Taro
Published: December 2005

The relationships between age-specific suicide mortality rates and social life factors for all 47 Japanese prefectures in 1980, 1985, and 1990 were assessed by multiple regression analysis after factor analysis on 20 social life indicators. During this period, Japan experienced a secondary oil crisis in 1980–1983 and a bubble economy in 1986–1990. It was concluded that (1) low income was the major determinant which positively affected suicide mortality rate in middle-aged men during a previous 20-yr. period (1970–1990), (2) urbanization was negatively associated with male suicide mortality rates in most of the age classes in the 1980s, (3) unemployment was one of the major determinants of increased suicide mortality rate in middle-age men in the 1980s, and (4) unemployment was the major factor which was inversely associated with suicide mortality rate for elderly women from 1980 to 1990 in Japan.
Context in Selection of Men and Women in Hiring Decisions: Gender Composition of the Applicant Pool
Authors: Van Ommeren Jos , Russo Giovanni , De Vries Reinout E. , Van Ommeren Mark
Published: December 2005

The hypothesis that the sex composition of an applicant pool affects the hiring probabilities of individual job applicants was tested using gender-distinctive information on accepted and rejected job applicants in The Netherlands. The evidence supports this hypothesis, although the effect sizes are moderate. Both men and women have a lower probability of being hired when the applicant pool contains fewer applicants from their own sex.
Relations between Female Students' Personality Traits and Reported Handicaps to Rhythmic Gymnastics Performance
Authors: Ferrand Claude , Champely Stephane , Brunel Philippe C.
Published: December 2005

The present study evaluated the relative contributions of Self-esteem, Trait anxiety, and Public Self-consciousness to self-handicapping on a sex-typed task, within a specific academic sport context. Prior to the competitive examination used to recruit French Physical Education Teachers, female sport students ( N = 74) were asked to list and rate on a 7-point scale handicaps which could be disruptive to their Rhythmic Gymnastics performance. Self-esteem did not account for significant variance in any category of handicaps. Trait Anxiety was negatively related to handicaps related to Rhythmic Gymnastics and to Social and Work Commitments. Public Self-consciousness was significantly related to endorsement of Friends and Family Commitments handicaps. These results were discussed in relation to the literature.
Following Instructions on a Final Examination: An Informal Look
Authors: Trinkaus John
Published: December 2005

Of a total of 914 undergraduate college students over 5 years 600 (about 66%) were in full compliance with a simple instruction for how to enter their names on their final examination papers; approximately 33% were not. The compliance rate over the years declined from 73% to 59%.
Comparing Market Orientation Culture of Businesses and Schools of Business: An Extension and Refinement
Authors: Webster Robert L. , Hammond Kevin L. , Harmon Harry A.
Published: December 2005

This study extends previous work concerning the market orientation culture within specialty businesses and schools of business. Specifically, member schools of the Association to Advance Collegiate Schools of Business International are separated into public and private universities. Data were collected via a mailed survey to business schools holding membership. 106 public school deans and 35 private school deans responded, for a 23% response rate. Input from the deans was sought on their perceptions of the market orientation culture within the schools. Respondents' perceptions, rated on a 7-point scale, measured four dimensions of market orientation: customer orientation, competitor orientation, organizational coordination, and overall market orientation. Data for specialty businesses were drawn from a previous study. Comparison testing between the public and private business schools' deans and business managers was conducted. Analysis indicated perceived market orientation was significantly higher for deans of private business schools than public business schools. Compared with business managers, private school deans were statistically different on only one of the four dimensions, whereas public business school deans' scores were significantly different from those of business managers on all four. Compared with each other, business school deans were statistically different on three dimensions, with private school deans reporting greater market orientation.
Revisiting the Factor Structure of the Kirton Adaption-Innovation Inventory
Authors: Im Subin , Hu Michael Y.
Published: December 2005

The original Kirton Adaption-Innovation Inventory, used to measure innovative (as opposed to adaptive) individual cognitive styles, has been reported to have three factors: Sufficiency of Originality, Efficiency, and Rule/Group Conformity. In exploring the construct validity of the Kirton Adaption-Innovation Inventory, findings from a 2003 study by Im, Hu, and Toh showed the existence of two subdimensions of the Sufficiency of Originality factor—Idea Generation and Preference for Change. In this study, using a sample of 356 household participants, with an average age of 56.0 yr. ( SD = 14.0), average income of $39,700 ( SD = $19,200), and average of 15.0 yr. of education ( SD = 2), from the Arkansas Household Research Panel, we conducted factor analyses. The results specific to our selected sample indicate that a four-factor model recognizing the two subdimensions of Sufficiency of Originality has a better fit than the original three-factor model.
Use of a Religious HYMN in Remission of Symptoms of Social Phobia (Social Anxiety Disorder): A Case Study
Authors: Khouzam Hani Raoul , Ghafoori Bita , Nichols Emma E. A.
Published: December 2005

This case report described a veteran with social anxiety disorder who reported fears of negative evaluation by others, social avoidance, and accompanying physiological symptoms of heart palpitations, gastrointestinal discomfort, muscle tension and mental confusion. The symptoms of social anxiety disorder subsided with the use of a Christian hymn “Be Still My Soul” and its accompanying musical poem, in Finlandia. The veteran attributed the symptom remission to the feeling of stillness and surrender to God conveyed by the words and music of the hymn. Although previous studies have shown that both music and religious beliefs can affect mental health, the findings in this case cannot be generalized without conducting further prospective empirical studies.
Differences in Mathematics Anxiety by Sex, Program, and Education of University Mathematics Students in Turkey
Authors: Dane Arif
Published: December 2005

In this study, we aimed to re-examine sex-related differences in mathematics anxiety and to investigate the effects of two different programs associated with mathematics education applied in Turkish universities on mathematics anxiety. Mathematics anxiety scores were assessed in 221 male and 142 female students, 238 in the education faculty and 125 in the science faculty. There were no sex-related mean differences for mathematics anxiety scores, and scores were not related to faculty program. The lower mean mathematics performance on the university entry examination of the students of science faculty may be associated with the mathematics anxiety.
Sleep Disturbances Associated with Age and HIV
Authors: Vance David E. , Burrage Joe W.
Published: December 2005

Sleep disturbances are common in normal people of several age groups and those with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) disease. In a secondary analysis of data, 50 HIV-positive and 50 HIV-negative adults between 30 and 65 years old responded to 5 items about sleep. No statistically significant differences by HIV status or age group were found.
Anxiety and Depression in Adolescents in Urban and Rural China
Authors: Hesketh Therese , Ding Qu Jian
Published: December 2005

The goal was to assess rates of anxiety and depression in adolescents in two areas of Zhejiang Province, China. A cross-sectional survey was carried-out using a self-report questionnaire developed for this study. Participants were middle school students (age range 13–16 years) in an urban and a rural setting. There were 1576 completed questionnaires. Symptoms of anxiety sufficient to interfere with enjoyment of life, relaxation, and sleep were common (48%, 40%, and 27%, respectively). School-related problems were the predominant sources of worry. One third reported a history of depression, 16% had at times felt life was not worth living, and 9% reported that they had attempted suicide. Girls were more likely to report symptoms of depression. Patterns of help-seeking showed reliance on friends and parents; only 1% had sought professional help. There were no significant differences in anxiety and depression between one-child and multisibling families.
Discriminating among Diagnostic Categories Using the Dissociative Disorders Interview Schedule
Authors: Ross Colin A. , Ellason Joan Weathersbee
Published: December 2005

The Dissociative Disorders Interview Schedule was administered to 1,308 subjects in eight diagnostic categories, including 296 with dissociative identity disorder. The study tested three hypotheses: (1) the Mahalanobis distance between dissociative identity disorder and each of seven other diagnostic categories would be large, (2) the closest diagnostic category to dissociative identity disorder would be dissociative disorder not otherwise specified, and (3) nondissociative diagnostic categories would be closer to each other than any one to dissociative identity disorder. All three hypotheses were confirmed by these data. The findings support the conclusion that dissociative identity disorder is a discrete category or taxon.
Perceived Gender of a Pastor's Name and Ratings of Vocational Success
Authors: Degelman Douglas , Smith Amy J.
Published: December 2005

Undergraduate students (16 men and 16 women) from a Christian university read a 1-page description of a pastor named either “Carl Anderson” or “Carol Anderson.” Students rated each named pastor on four items summed for a measure of vocational success. We predicted, based on role congruity, that students would rate a female-named pastor lower than a male-named pastor on the measure, but women's ratings of pastoral vocational success were significantly higher. Men's ratings did not differ significantly for the male- and female-named pastors. Power was low so further research is appropriate.
Verbal Aggressiveness of Physical Education Teachers and Students' Self-Reports of Behavior
Authors: Bekiari Alexandra , Kokaridas Dimitrios , Sakelariou Kimon
Published: December 2005

The purpose of this study was to develop a test for describing verbally aggressive behaviors of physical education teachers as perceived by secondary school students. The sample of 130 students (70 boys and 60 girls) were students in the second year of secondary school in Greece. 12 items designed for students were structured to describe possible verbal aggressive behaviors of physical education teachers as perceived by students and students' intention to respond. Exploratory factor analysis using the principal components method and varimax rotation yielded three factors, namely, (i) personal insults, threats, irony and their effect, (ii) intention to respond, and (iii) insults and threats toward others. Eigenvalues were greater than 1.00 for each of three factors which accounted for 69% of the total variance. Values of Cronbach alpha were .86, .88, and .78 for the three factors, respectively.
Accuracy of Self-Reports of Alcohol Offenders in a Rural Midwestern County
Authors: Nevitt James R. , Lundak Joel
Published: December 2005

Self-reports of drinking are of doubtful accuracy as heavy drinkers tend to underreport consistently amounts drunk as well as other alcohol-related data. A sample of 60 people cited for DWI in a rural midwestern county in southeast Nebraska during routine alcohol-dependency evaluations indicated that 10% underreported their Breath Alcohol Content at the time of arrest and 38% their previous number of DWI citations. Subjects were grouped by age (over and under 30) and by accuracy (accurate and inaccurate reporters). A 2 × 2 analysis of variance of later DWI arrests was significant as younger subjects showed greater risk. Those who underreported number of past DWI citations were significantly lower on their self-reported BAC at the time of arrest than accurate reporters. Age and underreporting alcohol-related data are as important for practitioners to attend to as scores on the Michigan Alcoholism Screening Test or SCID measuring alcoholic tendencies.
Parenting and Marital Trust in Japan
Authors: Sakai Atsushi
Published: December 2005

This study examined the relationship between marital trust, mothers' parenting stress and maladjusted parenting behavior in Japan. The participants consisted of 327 Japanese mothers who reside in the greater Tokyo area and whose children go to kindergarten or nursery school (the children's ages range from 3 to 6 years. Participants were asked to complete questionnaires about their family structure (nuclear or extended family), demographic information about their child (sex, age, birth order, etc.), marital trust, parenting stress, and maladjusted childrearing behavior. Analysis indicated that the relationship between marital trust, mothers' parenting stress and maladjusted childrearing behavior was different depending on the family structure. More specifically, for mothers in nuclear families, marital trust, especially the sense of being trusted by the husband, was associated with parenting behavior directly as well as indirectly via parenting stress. In contrast, for mothers in an extended family marital trust was not associated with maternal parenting behavior. The results were discussed in terms of the differences in the availability of social support in a nuclear family compared to the extended family.
Wealth is Associated with Lower Anxiety in a Sample of Lebanese Students
Authors: Abdel-Khalek Ahmed M. , El-Yahfoufi Najwa
Published: December 2005

A sample of 160 Lebanese students in the American University at Beirut (a relatively wealthy sample) had a significantly lower mean score on the Kuwait University Anxiety Scale than a sample of 639 Lebanese students in the Lebanese University (a less wealthy sample). Sex differences in anxiety scores were not significant in the first sample, but were in the second.
Resampling Probability Values for Measures of Ordinal Variation and Consensus
Authors: Berry Kenneth J. , Johnston Janis E. , Mielke Paul W.
Published: December 2005

Resampling permutation procedures provide good approximations to exact permutation procedures and are therefore the preferred alternative when large samples render exact tests intractable. Resampling permutation procedures are described for three measures of variation and the three corresponding measures of consensus among ordered categories.
Anxiety and Depression in Patients with Lower Back Pain
Authors: Mirzamani S. Mahmoud , Sadidi Ahmad , Sahrai Javad , Besharat Mohammad Ali
Published: December 2005

This study investigated the anxiety and depression for a group of 112 patients with Lower Back Pain. 56 patients with Lower Back Pain (21 women, 35 men) were seeking treatment in two clinics. Also, 56 subjects (20 females, 36 males) who had no Lower Back Pain agreed to participate as a control group. Psychological aspects were evaluated on the Symptoms Checklist-90-Revised. Demographic characteristics and information on pain was collected by an author who constructed the questionnaire. The patients reported a higher mean on Anxiety and Depression subscales of SCL-90-R. t tests for means on the SCL-90-R scales between groups indicated statistically significant differences on the anxiety and depression scales.
Transliminality and the Oxford-Liverpool Inventory of Feelings and Experiences
Authors: Thalbourne Michael A. , Keogh Edmund , Witt Gerke
Published: December 2005

Transliminality is a hypothesized tendency for psychological material to cross thresholds into or out of consciousness. The 29-item Revised Transliminality Scale was administered to 186 students and members of the general population in Australia and the UK along with the Oxford-Liverpool Inventory of Feelings and Experiences, a multidimensional measure of schizotypy. As predicted, scores on transliminality correlated .78 with those on Unusual Experiences, suggesting that the scales measure the same factor. Transliminality scores also correlated (.18, p = .008) significantly but weakly with scores on Impulsive Nonconformity, as predicted, and weakly (but not predicted) ( r = .25, p < .001) with Cognitive Disorganization scores but not with Introvertive Anhedonia or the Lie scale.
Factors Affecting Individuals Dissuading Sexual Partners from Using Condoms: A Comment on McDermott and Noland
Authors: King Bruce M. , Scott Tamara M. , Wajeeh Sunble E.
Published: December 2005

Undergraduate students at an urban, public university were asked if they had ever attempted to dissuade a sexual partner from using condoms. Over 17% of the men and nearly 15% of the women admitted to having done so, and twice as many said that a sexual partner had attempted to dissuade them. Responses to a questionnaire indicated that individuals who had attempted to dissuade use of condoms did not show a greater tendency to engage in nonsexual risk-taking behaviors. Despite their claims that attempts to dissuade partners from using condoms occurred in committed relationships, condom dissuaders did show evidence of engaging in other high-risk sexual behaviors, e.g., greater number of sexual partners, greater number of sexually transmitted diseases.
Tendency to Conform: A New Measure and its Relationship to Psychological Reactance
Authors: Goldsmith Ronald E. , Clark Ronald A. , Lafferty Barbara A.
Published: December 2005

This study assessed the relationship between two important constructs in social psychology, conformity and psychological reactance, which are suggested to be negatively related, i.e., a person higher in the tendency to conform will score lower on psychological reactance and vice versa. The two constructs were measured by multi-item self-report scales, the Therapeutic Reactance Scale of Dowd, et al. and a new tendency to conform scale constructed for this study. Data from a survey of 423 undergraduate students were used to test the hypothesis that scores on the scales were negatively correlated. The hypothesized relationship was positively supported by a significant but only moderately sized correlation ( r = -.32, p < .001).
Factor Structure of Organizational Commitment: Differences between U.S. and South Korean Samples
Authors: Lee Jo Ann , Yang Chulguen
Published: December 2005

The current study compared the factor structures of the construct of organizational commitment between two samples of financial employees, one from the U.S. ( n = 103) and one from South Korea ( n = 109). Participants completed a 26-item questionnaire. Two factors (an affective component and a normative component) emerged for the U.S. sample; only one factor for the Koreans. Results suggest that culture should be considered when trying to assess organizational commitment.
Flashbulb and Event Memory of September 11, 2001: Consistency, Confidence and Age Effects
Authors: Wolters Gezinus , Goudsmit Joop J.
Published: December 2005

We used the terrorist attacks on September 11, 2001 to investigate if the formation, confidence, and nature of flashbulb memories were dependent on age. In addition, we compared the consistency over time of flashbulb memories with event memory, i.e., widely publicized factual details of the event, in a group of young respondents. College students ( n = 34, M age 24.8 yr.) were questioned 2 wk. after the attack and again 2 mo. later. At the later time, also a group of healthy elderly respondents ( n = 20, M age 70.5 yr.) was asked the same questions. Performance of young and old participants did not differ. Flashbulb memories were found without exception for both time periods and in both age groups. These memories had high confidence ratings and were described as very vivid. The original event was judged to have been accompanied by high emotion and rehearsal. In the college group, event memory, and to a smaller extent also flashbulb memory, decreased in accuracy already over the 2 mo. We conclude that flashbulb memories are a special case of normal episodic memory for emotional events. The creation of flashbulb memories, however, requires a special scenario of emotional arousal and rehearsal.
Chronic Self-Destructiveness, Hopelessness, and Risk-Taking in College Students
Authors: Kelly David B. , Rollings Amanda L. , Harmon Jenny G.
Published: December 2005

The relationship of chronic self-destructiveness and hopelessness to risk-taking behaviors was examined. College undergraduates (131 men, 114 women) completed the Beck Hopelessness Scale (Hopelessness), Chronic Self-destructiveness Scale (Self-destructiveness), and Expected Involvement Scale (Involvement) of the Cognitive Appraisal of Risky Activities questionnaire. For both men and women, there were significant positive correlations between Self-destructiveness and Hopelessness scores. In men, there also were positive relationships between Self-destructiveness scores and Involvement in specific risky activities in the next 6 mo. These included illicit drug use, aggressive or illegal behaviors, risky sexual behaviors, heavy drinking, and irresponsible academic or work behaviors. In women, Self-destructiveness scores had a positive relationship with expected Involvement in heavy drinking and irresponsible academic or work behaviors. The only correlation between Hopelessness and Involvement scores for men was a negative one with expected participation in high risk sports. There were no significant correlations between Hopelessness and Involvement scores for women.
Attitudes toward Physician-Assisted Suicide and Death Anxiety among Kuwaiti Students
Authors: Abdel-Khalek Ahmed , Lester David , Schaller Sylvia
Published: December 2005

In a sample of 116 Kuwaiti students, the approval of physician-assisted suicide was not correlated with age, sex, or scores on death anxiety and fears of death and dying of self and others.
Combining Reliability Coefficients: Toward Reliability Generalization of the Conceptions of Mathematics Questionnaire
Authors: Mji Andile , Alkhateeb Haitham M.
Published: December 2005

The combined coefficient alpha from studies reporting the reliability of scores using the Conceptions of Mathematics Questionnaire were computed. Five studies comprising 898 participants were evaluated. A test of differences among the independent coefficients alpha was statistically significant (χ42 = 10.38, p = .04) for the Fragmented and (χ42 = 11.58, p = .02) for the Cohesive subscales. Post hoc comparisons showed the difference ( F129,299= 1.50, p = .003) was between Australia and Nigeria for the former and ( F155,157 = 1.54, p = .004) between South Africa and the United States for the latter alpha values. A one-way analysis of variance, testing for homogeneity among means within each subscale, indicated that these were homogeneous because the measure of the strength of association accounted for 10% of variability. As reliability coefficients were from homogeneous samples and alpha values were not different, the combined reliability is the best estimate of the population reliability for each subscale.
Competence Imagery: A Case Study Treating Emetophobia
Authors: Moran Daniel J. , O'Brien Richard M.
Published: December 2005

An emetophobic child is nonresponsive to conventional systematic desensitization and has her anxiety responses counterconditioned by using Competence Imagery instead of physical relaxation responses while progressing through her fear hierarchy.
Sex of Victims in Maternal Filicide
Authors: Laporte Line , Tzoumakis Stacy , Marleau Jacques D. , Allaire Jean-François
Published: December 2005

In many societies, girls are more often killed by their parents than boys. However, not much of this is known in contemporary societies. This study had two main objectives. The first was to assess whether the number of boy and girl victims of maternal filicide differ in the literature from 1959 to 2000. Using two scientific databases, Medline and PsycINFO, 20 texts were pertinent. The second objective was to identify the variables that differentiate the mothers who killed a son and those who killed a daughter in a sample of 42 women from the province of Québec (Canada). Analysis of the data for the first part indicate that the numbers of sons and daughters killed by their mothers are similar in the literature. For the second aim no significant differences were noted between the women who killed a son and those who killed a daughter for 30 variables studied, e.g., motivation, method of killing, age of the victims, etc.
Relationship between Gambling and Video-Game Playing: A Response to Johansson and Gotestam
Authors: Griffiths Mark
Published: December 2005

This paper reviews the many similarities and commonalities between video-game playing and slot machine gambling in response to Johansson and Gotestam in 2004.
Dream Reports and Marital Satisfaction
Authors: Kroth Jerry , Roeder Brad , Gonzales Gerald , Tran Kim , Orzech Kevin
Published: December 2005

Dream reports of 29 married or cohabiting women, all from a graduate program in marital counseling, were given the KJP Dream Inventory and Dyadic Adjustment Scale. Significant positive correlations were found between overall relationship quality as measured by the total Dyadic Adjustment Scale scores with self-reported frequencies of nightmares (.54), dissociative dreams (.52), and repetitive, traumatic dreams (.45). In addition, Dyadic Adjustment Scale subscales of Consensus, Cohesion, and Satisfaction correlated positively with these same dream measures. In addition to these counterintuitive findings 90% of the respondents' qualitative dream reports corroborated these findings. Results are discussed with respect to fears and negative affect associated with losing or leaving one's intimate partner.
Romantic Passion as Output from a Self-Regulating, Intimacy-Seeking System: A Model for Understanding Passionate Love
Authors: Troy Adam B.
Published: December 2005

This article presents a model of why individuals experience the feeling of passionate love in intimate relationships. Previous models have been limited because they do not describe the purpose and function of passionate love, do not incorporate basic emotion and personality theory, or are not applicable to help couples in distress. The present model reinterprets and integrates previous findings. New predictions are made about the functioning of passionate love in relationships by hypothesizing a self-regulating, intimacy-seeking system that produces passionate love as its outcome. A self-regulation model proposed by Carver and Scheier in 1998 is the template on which this model is based.
Body Mass Index, Body Shape Satisfaction, and Weight Control Behaviors among Korean Girls
Authors: Kim Oksoo , Kim Kyeha
Published: December 2005

The present study investigated the relations among Body Mass Index, body shape satisfaction, and weight control behaviors among Korean girls. Subjects were 266 girls ( M age = 16.6 yr., SD = .9), recruited from two girls' high schools in Seoul, Korea. Based on Body Mass Index, 73.7% were normal weight, 22.9% were underweight, and 3.4% were overweight. 174 girls (65.4%) indicated that they were currently using any weight control method. Weight control behaviors differed significantly by Body Mass Index category, with girls whose Body Mass Indexes indicating normal weight being more likely to claim they used weight control behaviors. Also, the girls who rated themselves as dissatisfied with their body shape were more likely to report weight control behaviors.
Gay Obituaries Closely Track Officially Reported Deaths from Aids
Authors: Cameron Paul , Cameron Kirk
Published: December 2005

The age distribution of AIDS deaths of males who have sex with males [MSM] was estimated from obituaries in the Washington Blade, a gay newspaper. Statistics from the 2003 HIV/AIDS Surveillance Supplemental Report are highly congruent with deaths of MSM due to AIDS from these obituaries. Death due to AIDS in old age was most frequent for heterosexuals and least frequent for MSM who were drug abusers. Obituaries in the Washington Blade are thus consistent with and may be representative of deaths due to AIDS among MSM. The latest CDC report tends to strengthen the overall finding based upon obituaries: that the lifespan of MSM is shortened two to three decades by AIDS and, possibly, other causes.
Domains of Childhood Teasing and Psychopathological Symptoms in Dutch Adolescents
Authors: Muris Peter , Littel Marianne
Published: December 2005

This study examined relations between memories for childhood teasing and symptoms of social anxiety, depression, and eating disorders in 130 Dutch adolescents. Participants completed the Teasing Questionnaire-Revised which measures how much people recall having been teased during childhood, as well as the Social Anxiety Scale for Children, the Child Depression Inventory, and the Children's Eating Attitude Test. Analysis yielded significant positive correlations between self-reported recollections of childhood teasing and various symptoms. Furthermore, some evidence indicated specific domains of teasing were associated with specific types of psychopathological symptoms.
Confirmation of Factor Structure for an Inventory of Learning Styles among University Students in Jordan
Authors: Kadiem Shurouk
Published: December 2005

Schmeck's inventory of learning process, a measure of learning styles, was administered to 925 undergraduate students in Jordan. Analysis indicated that the four factors in Schmeck's conception of learning styles explained a total of only 20.8% of the variance. Schmeck's conception of learning did not describe adequately the learning styles of these Arabic university students.
Personality Types of Entrepreneurs
Authors: Müller Günter F. , Gappisch Cathrin
Published: December 2005

85 German entrepreneurs were psychometrically assessed on 12 primary trait characteristics. The sample consisted of 49 men and 36 women whose mean age was 45.6 yr. ( SD = 10.3). Occupational domains were production (40%) and services (60%). The mean duration of entrepreneurship within these domains was 13.1 yr. ( SD = 9.3). By factor analysis five personality types of entrepreneurs could be identified: Creative Acquisitor, Controlled Perseverator, Distant Achiever, Rational Manager, and Egocentric Agitator. These types correspond with types found in research by Miner and with the Myer-Briggs Indicator. In addition, correlations between general type potential and both job and life satisfaction of entrepreneurs were found. The results are discussed with regard to intercultural stability of personality types and implications for research and application.
Correlations between Humor Styles and Loneliness
Authors: Hampes William P.
Published: December 2005

In a previous study, a significant negative correlation between shyness with affiliative humor and a significant positive one with self-defeating humor were reported. Since shyness and loneliness share many of the same characteristics, poor social skills and negative affect, for example, significant negative correlations of loneliness with affiliative and self-enhancing humor and a significant positive one with self-defeating humor were hypothesized. 106 community college students (34 men, 72 women) ranging in age from 17 to 52 years ( M = 23.5, SD = 7.7) were tested. The hypotheses were supported. Interrelationships among humor, shyness, and loneliness should be examined within one study.
Family Background, Academic Achievement, and Educational Aspirations as Predictors of Australian Young Adults' Educational Attainment
Authors: Marjoribanks Kevin
Published: December 2005

Relations were examined between family background, adolescents' academic achievement, aspirations, and young adults' educational attainment. Data were analyzed from the Longitudinal Surveys of Australian Youth (4,500 men, 4,804 women; M age = 20.1 yr., SD = 0.4). Multistage regression analyses indicated that, while family background and academic achievement measures had medium associations with attainment, adolescents' educational aspirations made a large independent contribution to explaining differences in young adults' education attainment.
The Children's Apperception Test Evaluation Form: Initial Data
Authors: Lis Adriana , Mazzeschi Claudia , Salcuni Silvia , Zennaro Alessandro
Published: December 2005

Some indexes and variables of the Children's Apperception Test Evaluation Form were used to evaluate children's thematic apperception stories to Bellak's test. The protocols were scored for four indexes: (1) number of words, (2) number of characters (animals) rightly identified, (3) number of modified characters (animals), (4) number of attributions given to the characters (animals) in the stories. The form was also scored for number and types of conflicts evoked in children. Interscorer reliability coefficients were high for all the indexes and variables. The sample included 70 children ages 4.5 to 11.5 yr. The relationship between scores and age and sex was also investigated.
Organ Donation and the Fear of Death
Authors: Lester David
Published: December 2005

A study of 144 students indicated that their negative attitudes toward organ donation were associated with higher fears of the death and dying of the self and less strongly with higher fears of the death and dying of others.
Money Attitudes and Personality
Authors: Spinella Marcello , Lester David
Published: December 2005

In a sample of 67 students, neuroticism scores were associated with money attitude scores. The higher the neuroticism score the higher the impulsivity and the lower the motivational drive, organization, and planning scores.
Correlations for Alcohol Use, Abuse, and Treatment with Suicide and Homicide across 21 Nations
Authors: Bridges F. Stephen
Published: December 2005

In this study which followed Lester's work of 1998 and 2001 for 27 nations of the world, membership in Alcoholics Anonymous, but not alcohol consumption or cirrhosis mortality as measures of alcohol use, abuse, and treatment, correlated with homicide but not suicide rates. Changes in Alcoholics Anonymous membership were not associated with changes in age-adjusted rates of homicide or suicide.
Men's Desire for Children Carrying Their Genes and Sexual Jealousy: A Test of Paternity Uncertainty as an Explanation of Male Sexual Jealousy
Authors: Mathes Eugene W.
Published: December 2005

In a classic study, Buss, Larson, Westen, and Semmelroth found that men were more distressed by the thought of a partner's sexual infidelity (labeled sexual jealousy) and women were more distressed by the thought of a partner's emotional infidelity (labeled emotional jealousy). Buss and his associates explained the results by suggesting that men are concerned about uncertainty of paternity, that is, the possibility of raising another man's child while believing that the child is their own. To test this explanation, the Desire for Children Scale was created. Its internal consistency and test-retest reliabilities were .86 and .89, respectively. Scores correlate with stated Number of Children Desired (convergent validity) but none of the Big-Five traits (divergent validity). It was hypothesized that for men scores on this scale would correlate positively with scores on sexual jealousy. The Desire for Children Scale and the two Sexual vs Emotional Jealousy items of Buss and his associates were given to 49 men and 55 women college students enrolled in psychology courses. Their average age was 19.9 yr. ( SD = 3.7), and average year in school was 2.0 ( SD= 1.2). Subjects volunteered to participate in the study in exchange for course credit. The hypothesis was confirmed and gives support to the uncertainty of paternity explanation.
Applying Social Science Research to Solving Problems of Modern Nations: Problems and Pitfalls
Authors: Lester David
Published: December 2005

The reasons the social sciences do not have an effect on public policies are discussed, including that there are conflicting results, the effect of scholars' biases on their research, and a desire to keep the social sciences value-free.
Linking Organizational Justice to Burnout: Are Men and Women Different?
Authors: Moliner Carolina , Martínez-Tur Vicente , Peiró José M. , Ramos José
Published: December 2005

This study tested the links from organizational justice with burnout and the moderating role of sex in these relationships. A total of 279 contact employees (149 men and 130 women) were surveyed in 59 hotels. A questionnaire was used to measure distributive, procedural, and interactional justice as well as employees' burnout (exhaustion, cynicism, and efficacy). Hierarchical regression models, calculated to test the hypothesized effects, indicated the predominance of procedural justice over distributive and interpersonal with regard to the direct relationships between organizational justice and burnout. Analysis also showed that links from interactional justice with exhaustion and cynicism were greater for women than for men. In contrast, there were no significant sex differences on the efficacy dimension.
Reliability and Validity of the Wender Utah Rating Scale for College Students
Authors: Wierzbicki Michael
Published: December 2005

The Wender Utah Rating Scale was developed to assess adults' retrospective account of the childhood occurrence of symptoms associated with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). As little work has focused on psychometric properties of the scale for college students, it was administered to 111 college students. Because college students with ADHD experience more symptoms of depression than other students, three measures of mood-related symptoms were also administered. One month later, the Wender scale and the Beck Depression Inventory were readministered to 67 participants. On both occasions, the Wender scale had high internal consistency ( r > .87) and was modestly but significantly correlated with measures of mood disorder symptoms ( rs ranging from .33 to .47). The scale had high test-retest reliability ( r = .68). These results support its use as a component of assessment of ADHD in college students.
Motivational Differences between Slot Machine and Lottery Players
Authors: Clarke Dave
Published: December 2005

Little research has investigated motivational differences between players on specific recreational gambling activities. The present study compared 17 slot machine gamblers and 47 state lottery players on the Gambling Motivation Scale. Ages ranged from 17 to 49 years ( M = 28.7, SD = 9.8). Nonparametric tests showed significant differences between the two groups on motivation, but not for sex and age. Compared with lottery players, slot machine gamblers scored higher on motivation for stimulation, tension release, and feelings of importance. Both were almost equally highly motivated for rewards. The findings were discussed in terms of reasons why regular players continue in their preferred forms of gambling.
Self-Perceived Technical Orientation and Attitudes toward Being Flattered
Authors: DuBrin Andrew J.
Published: December 2005

An investigation was done of the relationship between scores on the Technical Orientation Scale and self-ratings of liking to be flattered among 103 working adults. As hypothesized, scores for technical orientation were negatively correlated with two self-report measures of liking to be flattered. Women had a significantly stronger rating for liking to be flattered. We conclude that a technical orientation may be a moderator variable for the potential of liking to be flattered.
Changes in Depressed Mood Associated with 10 Weeks of Moderate Cardiovascular Exercise in Formerly Sedentary Adults
Authors: Annesi James J.
Published: December 2005

Two groups of adults classified with depressed mood (10% highest scores on the Profile of Mood States-Short Form Depression scale) were contrasted on changes in POMS Depression scores over 10 weeks. The exercise group ( n = 26) was given a moderate cardiovascular exercise program of 3x/week for 20 to 30 min. per session. The control group ( n = 24) did not participate in exercise. Significant reductions in POMS Depression scores over 10 weeks were noted for the exercise group in between-group ( d = –.88) and within-group ( d = −1.32) analyses. Significantly more participants in the exercise group scored in the normal range at Week 10 (62%) than in the control group (29%). Neither changes in cardiorespiratory function (VO2 max) nor initial POMS Depression scores were significantly correlated with changes in POMS Depression scores after 10 weeks. Methodological improvements, limitations, and practical application of findings after replication were discussed.
Design of high‐temperature, gas‐phase synthesis of hard or soft TiO2 agglomerates
Authors: Grass Robert N. , Tsantilis Stavros , Pratsinis Sotiris E.
Published: December 2005

Conditions for high temperature, aerosol synthesis of titania (TiO2) with controlled degree of agglomeration are identified. Accounting for simultaneous gas phase and surface reactions, coagulation and sintering during formation and growth of titania by oxidation of Ti‐tetraisopropoxide (TTIP) and TiCl4 vapors, the evolution of the primary particle and agglomerate collision diameters is presented at nonisothermal conditions neglecting the polydispersity of the particle‐size distribution. Hard‐ or soft‐agglomerate formation is identified at the end of full coalescence and sintering, respectively. The role of surface reaction on the evolution of the agglomerate state is examined. Diagrams for the degree of hard‐agglomeration as well as the size of the primary TiO2 particles are developed in terms of maximum process temperature, cooling rate and precursor initial molar fraction and compared with experimental data on synthesis of nonagglomerated TiO2. © 2005 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2006
An improved discretized tracer mass distribution of Hounslow et al.
Authors: Peglow M. , Kumar J. , Warnecke G. , Heinrich S. , Tsotsas E. , Mörl L. , Hounslow M. J.
Published: December 2005

The discretized tracer population balance equations (DTPBE) for aggregation problems is discussed and modified. It is shown that the original version was not entirely consistent with the associated discretized population balance equation (DPBE). These inconsistencies are remedied in a new formulation that retains the advantages of the original DTPBE, such as conservation of total tracer mass, prediction of tracer‐weighted mean particle volume, and so on. Furthermore, the DTBE has been extended to an adjustable discretization. Numerous comparisons are made of the validity of the extended and modified formulation. © 2005 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2006
Association of the human urate transporter 1 with reduced renal uric acid excretion and hyperuricemia in a German Caucasian population
Authors: Graessler Juergen , Graessler Anett , Unger Susette , Kopprasch Steffi , Tausche Anne‐Kathrin , Kuhlisch Eberhard , Schroeder Hans‐Egbert
Published: December 2005

Objective

Human urate transporter 1 (hURAT1) is a member of the organic anion transporter family (SLC22A12) that mainly regulates tubular urate reabsorption. Loss‐of‐function mutations result in idiopathic hypouricemia. The present case–control study was designed to analyze whether hURAT1 might also be a candidate gene for hyperuricemia with primary reduced renal urate excretion.

Methods

DNA samples from 389 individuals with reduced fractional excretion of uric acid (FEUA) (≤6.5%) and from 263 controls (FEUA >6.5%) were sequenced. Genotype frequencies between groups were compared by Cochran‐Armitage trend test.

Results

Significantly different genotype distributions could be demonstrated for the −788 T>A (promoter; P = 0.014), the C258T (exon 1; P = 0.006), and the C426T (exon 2; P = 0.0002) polymorphisms, but not for the T1309C (exon 8) and the +18 C>T (intron 9) polymorphisms. The strongest association with reduced FEUA was observed for the C426T polymorphism, with odds ratios (ORs) of 1.59 and 2.54 (P = 0.0002) for the CT and TT genotypes, respectively. Adjusted values for FEUA in the C426T genotype, were significantly reduced decreasing to 7.3%, 6.7%, and 6.3% in individuals with the CC, CT, and TT genotypes, respectively (P = 0.004). Haplotypes were constructed from the −788 T>A, C258T, and C426T polymorphisms. Individuals carrying at least 1 ACT haplotype (n = 349) had a significantly higher risk for reduced FEUA than individuals without any ACT haplotype (n = 303) (OR 1.39, P = 0.041).

Conclusion

These results indicate that polymorphisms in the N‐terminus of the hURAT1 gene were significantly associated with reduced renal uric acid excretion. The main regulating factor seems to be located close to the C426T polymorphism or is in strong linkage disequilibrium.