bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Confocal Raman microscope with versatile dual polarization snapshot acquisition
Authors: Acher Olivier , Aleksanyan Artur , Thieffry Aurélien
Published: November 2022

In this paper we propose a new strategy towards simultaneous co- and cross-polarized measurements of Raman spectra in a confocal microscope. One of the advantages of this strategy is that it is immune to polarization-dependent efficiency of diffraction gratings. It is shown via linear angle-resolved and circular polarization measurements that the accuracy of these snapshot polarization measurements on solid and liquid samples are in good agreement with available models and data. The interest of simultaneous acquisition of the total Raman response and the degree of polarization is discussed as well.
Improved detectivity and response speed of MoS2 phototransistors based on the negative-capacitance effect and defect engineering
Authors: Jiang Weichao , Liu Lu , Xu Jingping
Published: November 2022

Due to the unique crystal structure, outstanding optoelectronic properties and a tunable band gap from 1.2-1.8 eV, two-dimensional molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) has attracted extensive attention as a promising candidate for future photodetectors. In this work, a negative-capacitance (NC) MoS2 phototransistor is fabricated by using

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Z
r

0.5

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(HZO) as ferroelectric layer and Al2O3 as matching layer, and a low subthreshold swing (SS) of 39 mV/dec and an ultrahigh detectivity of 3.736×1014 cmHz1/2W−1 are achieved at room temperature due to the NC effect of the ferroelectric HZO. Moreover, after sulfur (S) treatment on MoS2, the transistor obtained a lower SS of 33 mV/dec, a detectivity of 1.329×1014 cmHz1/2W−1 and specially a faster response time of 3-4 ms at room temperature, attributed to the modulation of photogating effect induced by S-vacancy passivation in MoS2 by the S treatment. Therefore, the combination of the defect engineering on MoS2 and the NC effect from ferroelectric thin film could provide an effective solution for high-sensitivity phototransistors based on two-dimensional materials in the future.
Single-lens multi-mirror laser stereo vision-based system for measuring internal thread geometrical parameters
Authors: Li Xiao , Li Wei , Xin Haijun , Zhou Jingyu , Chen Huaiyuan , Chen Xingpei , Yin Xiaokang , Yuan Xin’an , Ma Xin
Published: November 2022

Oilfield pipes with out-of-tolerance internal thread can lead to failures, so the internal thread geometric parameters need to be measured. To tackle the problem of the low efficiency, poor accuracy, easy wear, and poor accessibility of existing methods, a single-lens multi-mirror laser stereo vision-based system for measuring geometric parameters of the internal thread is proposed, which allows the measurement of three parameters in one setup by completely reproducing the three-dimensional (3D) tooth profiles of the internal thread. In the system design, to overcome the incomplete representation of imaging parameters caused by insufficient consideration of dimensions and structural parameters of the existing models, an explicit 3D optical path model without a reflecting prism is first proposed. Then, considering the intervention of the reflecting prism, a calculation model for the suitable prism size and the final imaging parameters of the vision system is proposed, which ensures the measurement accessibility and accuracy by solving the problem that the existing system design only depends on experience without theoretical basis. Finally, based on the American Petroleum Institute standard, internal thread geometric parameters are obtained from the vision-reconstructed 3D tooth profiles. According to the optimized structural parameters, a vision system is built for measuring the internal thread geometric parameters of two types of oilfield pipes. Accuracy verification and typical internal thread measurement results show that the average measurement errors of the vision system proposed for the pitch, taper, and tooth height are 0.0051 mm, 0.6055 mm/m, and 0.0071 mm, respectively. Combined with the vision measurement time of 0.5 s for the three parameters, the above results comprehensively verify the high accuracy and high efficiency of the vision-based system.
Tunable doublets: piezoelectric glass membrane lenses with an achromatic and spherical aberration control
Authors: Gowda Hitesh G. B. , Wapler Matthias C. , Wallrabe Ulrike
Published: November 2022

We present two versions of tunable achromatic doublets based on each two piezoelectrically actuated glass membranes that create the surface of fluid volumes with different dispersions: a straightforward back-to-back and a more intricate stack of the fluid volumes. In both cases, we can control the chromatic focal shift and focal power independently by a suitable combination of actuation voltages on both active membranes. The doublets have a large aperture of 12 mm at an outer diameter of the actuator of 18 mm, an overall thickness of 3 mm and a short response time of around 0.5 ms and, in addition, provide spherical aberration correction. The two designs have an achromatic focal power range of ±2.2 m−1 and ±3.2 m−1 or, for the purpose of actively correcting chromatic errors, a chromatic focal shift at vanishing combined focal power of up to ±0.08 m−1 and ±0.12 m−1.
High extraction efficiency phosphor design applied in laser lighting
Authors: Yan Meng , Gong Mali , Ma Jianshe
Published: November 2022

Laser lighting has great potential to be the next generation of general lighting due to its high brightness and directionality. However, the light extraction efficiency and luminous efficiency from the light exit surface are greatly limited since phosphor structure. Here, we design and optimize a phosphor structure by Monte Carlo method (MCM) with optimization algorithm. The results indicate that the optimized Ce:YAG single crystal phosphor is able to improve the extraction efficiency to 0.49, which is much higher than the conventional parallel phosphor. The luminous efficiency of the optimized phosphor can also reach 230 lm/W. In addition, the experiments and simulations show that the extraction efficiency and luminous efficiency will reduce to 0.41 and 190 lm/W if there is scattering in the optimized phosphor. The spatial distribution of the light intensity and thermal stability of the optimized phosphor are also measured. The optimized phosphor is helpful to the design of side heat dissipation structure. In general, the optimized phosphor may play a significant role in the high-flux laser lighting and the method also provides a universal tool for the phosphor design.
Humans combine value learning and hypothesis testing strategically in multi-dimensional probabilistic reward learning
Authors: Song Mingyu , Baah Persis A. , Cai Ming Bo , Niv Yael
Published: November 2022

Realistic and complex decision tasks often allow for many possible solutions. How do we find the correct one? Introspection suggests a process of trying out solutions one after the other until success. However, such methodical serial testing may be too slow, especially in environments with noisy feedback. Alternatively, the underlying learning process may involve implicit reinforcement learning that learns about many possibilities in parallel. Here we designed a multi-dimensional probabilistic active-learning task tailored to study how people learn to solve such complex problems. Participants configured three-dimensional stimuli by selecting features for each dimension and received probabilistic reward feedback. We manipulated task complexity by changing how many feature dimensions were relevant to maximizing reward, as well as whether this information was provided to the participants. To investigate how participants learn the task, we examined models of serial hypothesis testing, feature-based reinforcement learning, and combinations of the two strategies. Model comparison revealed evidence for hypothesis testing that relies on reinforcement-learning when selecting what hypothesis to test. The extent to which participants engaged in hypothesis testing depended on the instructed task complexity: people tended to serially test hypotheses when instructed that there were fewer relevant dimensions, and relied more on gradual and parallel learning of feature values when the task was more complex. This demonstrates a strategic use of task information to balance the costs and benefits of the two methods of learning.
A qualitative examination of causal factors and parent/caregiver experiences of non-fatal drowning-related hospitalisations of children aged 0–16 years
Authors: Awan Boshra , Wicks Suzanne , Peden Amy E.
Published: November 2022

Fatal and non-fatal drowning is a significant public health issue, which disproportionately impacts children and young people. In Australia, the highest fatal and non-fatal drowning rates occur in children under five years of age. To date, little qualitative research has been conducted on non-fatal drowning, with causal factor analysis generally conducted using coronial and hospital data. This study’s aim was to identify causal factors in hospital treated cases of non-fatal drowning in children as qualitatively self-reported by parents and caregivers. Cases of unintentional child (0–16 years) non-fatal drowning admissions and Emergency Department presentations to three tertiary care paediatric hospitals in New South Wales, Australia were identified via International Classification of Diseases (ICD) coding. Parents and caregivers of drowning patients were invited to participate in a semi-structured interview. Data were thematically coded using an inductive approach, with a focus on causal factors and recommendations for preventive approaches. Of 169 incidents, 86 parents/caregivers were interviewed. Children hospitalised for drowning were more often male (59.3%), aged 0–4 years (79.1%) and 30.2% were from household who spoke a language other than English. Qualitative incident descriptions were coded to five themes: lapse of supervision, unintended access (commonly in home swimming pools), brief immersion (usually young children bathing), falls into water and ongoing impacts. Drowning prevention recommendations were grouped under supervision, pool barriers and maintenance, cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) training and emergency response, drowning is quick and silent, and learning swimming. Parents and caregivers of young children require ongoing education regarding supervision distractions and pool barrier compliance. Additional challenges are faced by those in rental properties with pools, parents/caregivers who cannot swim, and parents/caregivers from culturally and linguistically diverse backgrounds. Affordable, accessible, and culturally appropriate swimming lessons, water safety education and CPR training should be made more available for adult caregivers, particularly in languages other than English.
Witchcraft beliefs around the world: An exploratory analysis
Authors: Gershman Boris
Published: November 2022

This paper presents a new global dataset on contemporary witchcraft beliefs and investigates their correlates. Witchcraft beliefs cut across socio-demographic groups but are less widespread among the more educated and economically secure. Country-level variation in the prevalence of witchcraft beliefs is systematically linked to a number of cultural, institutional, psychological, and socioeconomic characteristics. Consistent with their hypothesized function of maintaining order and cohesion in the absence of effective governance mechanisms, witchcraft beliefs are more widespread in countries with weak institutions and correlate positively with conformist culture and in-group bias. Among the documented potential costs of witchcraft beliefs are disrupted social relations, high levels of anxiety, pessimistic worldview, lack of entrepreneurial culture and innovative activity.
Urban centre green metrics in Great Britain: A geospatial and socioecological study
Authors: Robinson Jake M. , Mavoa Suzanne , Robinson Kate , Brindley Paul
Published: November 2022

Green infrastructure plays a vital role in urban ecosystems. This includes sustaining biodiversity and human health. Despite a large number of studies investigating greenspace disparities in suburban areas, no known studies have compared the green attributes (e.g., trees, greenness, and greenspaces) of urban centres. Consequently, there may be uncharacterised socioecological disparities between the cores of urban areas (e.g., city centres). This is important because people spend considerable time in urban centres due to employment, retail and leisure opportunities. Therefore, the availability of––and disparities in––green infrastructure in urban centres can affect many lives and potentially underscore a socio-ecological justice issue. To facilitate comparisons between urban centres in Great Britain, we analysed open data of urban centre boundaries with a central business district and population of ≥100,000 (n = 68). Given the various elements that contribute to ‘greenness’, we combine a range of different measurements (trees, greenness, and accessible greenspaces) into a single indicator. We applied the normalised difference vegetation index (NDVI) to estimate the mean greenness of urban centres and the wider urban area (using a 1 km buffer) and determined the proportion of publicly accessible greenspace within each urban centre with Ordnance Survey Open Greenspace data. Finally, we applied a land cover classification algorithm using i-Tree Canopy to estimate tree coverage. This is the first study to define and rank urban centres based on multiple green attributes. The results suggest important differences in the proportion of green attributes between urban centres. For instance, Exeter scored the highest with a mean NDVI of 0.15, a tree coverage of 11.67%, and an OS Greenspace coverage of 0.05%, and Glasgow the lowest with a mean NDVI of 0.02, a tree cover of 1.95% and an OS Greenspace coverage of 0.00%. We also demonstrated that population size negatively associated with greenness and tree coverage, but not greenspaces, and that green attributes negatively associated with deprivation. This is important because it suggests that health-promoting and biodiversity-supporting resources diminish as population and deprivation increase. Disparities in green infrastructure across the country, along with the population and deprivation-associated trends, are important in terms of socioecological and equity justice. This study provides a baseline and stimulus to help local authorities and urban planners create and monitor equitable greening interventions in urban/city centres.
Accessibility and disability inclusion among top-funded U.S. Undergraduate Institutions
Authors: Campanile Jessica , Cerilli Caroline , Varadaraj Varshini , Sweeney Fiona , Smith Jared , Zhu Jiafeng , Yenokyan Gayane , Swenor Bonnielin K.
Published: November 2022

Background

There is limited data to assess, track, or quantify accessibility and disability inclusion across universities.

Objective

This cross-sectional study assessed disability inclusion and accessibility at the top 50 National Institutes of Health (NIH)-funded undergraduate programs in the United States. We hypothesized that there is no association between NIH funding and the University Disability Inclusion Score.

Methods

A novel tool, the University Disability Inclusion Score assessed disability inclusion and accessibility using 10 indicators spanning 4 categories: (1) accessibility of built and virtual environment, (2) public image of disability inclusion, (3) accommodations processes and procedures, and (4) grievance policy. Based upon the total points (out of a total score of 100), each university was assigned a letter grade (A-F).

Results

Of the top 50 NIH-funded institutions, 6% received an A grade on the Score, while 60% received D or F. The mean scores were 15.2 (SD = 5) for accessibility of built and virtual environment (20 points), 10 (SD = 3) for public image of disability inclusion (20 points), 30.6 (SD = 10) for accommodations processes and procedures (50 points), and 8.1 (SD = 3) for grievance policy (10 points).

Conclusions

Our findings suggest room for improvement in disability inclusion and accessibility among top university recipients of NIH funding. To provide an equitable academic experience, universities must prioritize disability inclusion.
La concepción antiimperialista de la reforma agraria en la obra del jesuita Ignacio Ellacuría (1970-1979)
Authors: Oberlin Molina Matías Nahuel
Published: November 2022

En el año 1970 en El Salvador se habilitó desde el Estado el debate en torno a la reforma agraria. Esto sucedió en un contexto específico a nivel continental. Durante esa década que se iniciaba los jesuitas de la Universidad Centroamericana hicieron sus aportes al debate sobre la reforma agraria. En este artículo analizaremos la concepción del filósofo jesuita Ignacio Ellacuría al respecto.
INITIATIVE PROJECTS AS ONE OF THE PROMISING FORMS OF CIVIL PARTICIPATION IN RESOLUTION OF ISSUES OF SOCIO-ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT OF THE TERRITORY (BY THE MATERIALS OF THE ALTAI TERRITORY)
Authors: Mischenko V. V. , Lyakisheva V. G. , Kirillov A. A.
Published: November 2022

In the article, in the context of the topic of socio-economic development of the territory, the mechanism for introducing a new and promising form of citizens» participation in solving issues of local importance — initiative projects is considered. They involve providing the population of municipalities with the opportunity to develop and put forward for consideration by the authorities their own projects aimed at improving and developing their place of residence. Initiative projects contribute to the strengthening of trusting relations between the population and authorities, their mutually beneficial cooperation, more rational use of budgetary funds, the growth of residents» interest in improving the comfort of the micro-territory, the emergence of new and more effective approaches to solving common pressing issues.

The authors consider the legal and organizational foundations for the implementation of initiative projects, give practical examples confirming the importance of real interaction between the authorities and the population in the course of the process under study. The role of the population in shaping the practice of initiative budgeting and the need to introduce new forms of involving citizens in local problems are emphasized. Attention is focused on the relevance of involving residents in a specific management process and increasing the interest of all its participants in the final result of joint activities.
COMPARATIVE ASSESSMENT OF THE BUSINESS SECTOR IN RUSSIA AND FINLAND
Authors: Moroshkina M. V. , Utitsyna M. N.
Published: November 2022

The presented article investigates the aspects of development of social entrepreneurship within the border territories of Russia and Finland. The aim of the study is to assess the opportunities and prospects for the development of socially oriented business. The object of the study is the consumers of the service sector in Russia and Finland.

The method of research is a questionnaire survey, as a result of which the formed questions provide information about the development of the entrepreneurial sector. The study analyzes the needs and opportunities for the development of social entrepreneurship in the border areas. The evaluation of the development of social entrepreneurship is based on focus groups method.

As a result of the conducted research the differences in separate directions of development of entrepreneurial sector in the Republic of Karelia and Finland were revealed. The differences in the expectations of young people in the countries under consideration and the fears of Russian and Finnish respondents were determined. The obtained results allow us to determine the differences in social and economic policy of the states.
THE CONTRIBUTION OF LAND TAX FROM LEGAL ENTITIES TO THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE "GREEN" ECONOMY: THEORY AND PRACTIC
Authors: Chuzmanova S. I. , Chuzmanov A. I.
Published: November 2022

The rental resources and property potential of land tax on legal persons is not sufficiently represented in economic literature both from the fiscal position of local budgets and in the regulatory context of local green economy. The contribution of land tax on legal persons remains significant for local budgets.

Local budgets land tax on legal persons competentions from the position of local green economy development processes regulation are minimal. The paper goal: researching and definition options and markers of the land tax on legal persons transformation for local green economy development. The theoretical approaches and practice of taxation on lands, statutory instruments content were analyzed. Tax rates and its differentiation were analyzed as taxes regulation instruments. The foreign practice of legal persons lands taxation and its budget efficiency ware analyzed. The significance of the land tax on legal persons was proved as the most stable fiscal instrument of forming local budget income, which are necessary for public goods of territory financing. The problematics of the land tax on legal persons was researched, markers of its improving were pointed. The necessity of tax transforming was substantiated as instrument of local green economy development.
IMPROVING THE ASSESSMENT OF THE COMPETITIVENESS OF THE STRUCTURAL UNITS OF A SPORTS ORGANISATION
Authors: Shavandina O. A. , Kovalenko E. Y. , Tydykova N. V.
Published: November 2022

The article is devoted to improving the assessment of competitiveness sectors of multi-profile sports organization. The factors identified as a result of the comparative analysis, served as the basis for building an additive model to assess the competitiveness of separate, structural units of the sports organization. The main goal of building an additive model is the effective distribution of the financial resources of the sports organization between separate, structural subdivisions, professional clubs, regional offices and athletes representing nonteam sports. To build a model it is proposed to use factors (attributes) that reflect the specifics of sports organizations and take into account the indicators of financial and economic activity. The application of the additive model by sports managers in their professional activities requires legal justification in the local documents of the sports organization. The apodictic nature of the model is due to the objective, reliable data that are involved in the calculation.
The integration of sports performance, results and accounting data in the model contributes to the smoothing of imbalances and improve the efficiency of the distribution of financial resources between the sectors of a multidisciplinary sports organization.
SpheroidAnalyseR—an online platform for analyzing data from 3D spheroids or organoids grown in 96-well plates
Authors: Barrow Rhiannon , N. Wilkinson Joseph , He Yichen , Callaghan Martin , Brüning-Richardson Anke , Dunning Mark , F. Stead Lucy
Published: November 2022

Spheroids and organoids are increasingly popular three-dimensional (3D) cell culture models. Spheroid models are more physiologically relevant to a tumor compared to two-dimensional (2D) cultures and organoids are a simplified version of an organ with similar composition. Spheroids are often only formed from a single cell type which does not represent the situation in vivo. However, despite this, both spheroids and organoids can be used in cell migration studies, disease modelling and drug discovery. A drawback of these models is, however, the lack of appropriate analytical tools for high throughput imaging and analysis over a time course. To address this, we have developed an R Shiny app called SpheroidAnalyseR: a simple, fast, effective open-source app that allows the analysis of spheroid or organoid size data generated in a 96-well format. SpheroidAnalyseR processes and analyzes datasets of image measurements that can be obtained via a bespoke software, described herein, that automates spheroid imaging and quantification using the Nikon A1R Confocal Laser Scanning Microscope. However, templates are provided to enable users to input spheroid image measurements obtained by user-preferred methods. SpheroidAnalyseR facilitates outlier identification and removal followed by graphical visualization of spheroid measurements across multiple predefined parameters such as time, cell-type and treatment(s). Spheroid imaging and analysis can, thus, be reduced from hours to minutes, removing the requirement for substantial manual data manipulation in a spreadsheet application. The combination of spheroid generation in 96-well ultra-low attachment microplates, imaging using our bespoke software, and analysis using SpheroidAnalyseR toolkit allows high throughput, longitudinal quantification of 3D spheroid growth whilst minimizing user input and significantly improving the efficiency and reproducibility of data analysis. Our bespoke imaging software is available from https://github.com/GliomaGenomics. SpheroidAnalyseR is available at https://spheroidanalyser.leeds.ac.uk, and the source code found at https://github.com/GliomaGenomics.
Bio-Bleaching of Cotton with H2O2 Generated from Native and Immobilized Glucose Oxidase
Authors: Madhu Amit , Chakraborty J. N.
Published: November 2022

Enzymatically-generated hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) using glucose oxidase (GOX) is a sustainable alternative for cotton textile bleaching. GOX catalyzes the oxidation of glucose to gluconic acid with generation of H2O2 as a side product for bleaching. This work involves the study of cotton fabric bleaching with enzymatically-generated H2O2. Enzyme and glucose concentrations significantly affect peroxide generation as well as bleaching and were optimized using statistical experimental design in reference to maximum whiteness. Furthermore, the sustainability of this bleaching system was premeditated by GOX immobilization. GOX was covalently immobilized onto a natural and inexpensive support (chitosan) based on statistical experimental design results. The immobilization improved whitening results as well as allowing repeated application of enzyme for H2O2 generation, which was successively implemented for cotton textile bleaching.
A Multi-Task Model for Multi-Attribute Fashion Recognition and Retrieval
Authors: Sun Yang , Wong Wai Keung , Zou Xingxing
Published: November 2022

We present a multi-task model to perform multiple fashion attribute recognition and retrieval together. Although classical computer vision problems, they still lack good performance in multiple classes. In the fashion domain, the recognition task to capture the attributes of fashion clothing is always challenging, as well as the retrieval task to find similar items of fashion clothing. To handle the first challenge, we built a recognition model to parallelly and independently output a set of labels, each for a pre-defined single attribute notion. To handle the second challenge, we embedded the fashion clothing image into a feature vector, where different subspaces capture different notions of similarities. These two sub-tasks were then connected to be trained jointly in a multi-task learning framework. Their losses were also well aligned, combined, and optimized collectively.
Online Try-On: GANs and TPS
Authors: Han Qicheng , Zhao Mingbo
Published: November 2022

Style transfer between images has been a research direction gaining considerable attention in the field of image generation. CycleGAN is widely used because it does not require paired image data to train, which greatly reduces the cost of collecting data. In 2018, based on CycleGAN, a new model structure, InstaGAN, was proposed and then applied in the style transfer algorithm in the special part of an image we called instance. From then on, style transfer can transform the instance in the image. Based on CycleGAN and InstaGAN, we transformed the pictures in different domains combined with shape context and thin plate splines (TPS) in the present study. Based on generative adversarial networks (GANs), we designed a fusion network to optimize the results. We combined style transfer with TPS in fashion and got convincing performance by experiments and a fusion net with good performance.
Clothing Color Collocation with Deep Neural Networks
Authors: Zhang Cheng , Yue Xiaodong , Yu Chengyue , Wang Zhiye
Published: November 2022

Color is the foundation of well-put-together ensembles in clothing collocation. The way people coordinate and match different hues within looks may bring different visual feelings. However, clothing color collocation is an extremely challenging task due to great changes of public tastes and differences of consciousness towards color collocation. We propose a clothing color collocation model that consists of two deep neural networks based on color histograms calculated from a quantized color space and design features from clothing images. Given a clothing collocation, the model produces a score that indicates the degree that these clothes match. Experiments on Polyvore409k data sets validate the proposed model for clothing color collocation.
An Improved Fabric Defect Detection Method Based on SSD
Authors: Xie Huosheng , Zhang Yafeng , Wu Zesen
Published: November 2022

The fabric defect detection algorithm based on object detection has become a research hotspot. The method based on the Single Shot MultiBox Detector (SSD) model has a fast detection speed, but the detection accuracy is insufficient. To balance the detection speed and accuracy of the model and meet the actual needs of the industry, an improved fabric defect detection algorithm based on SSD is proposed in this study. The Fully Convolutional Squeeze-and-Excitation (FCSE) block is added into the traditional SSD to improve the detection accuracy of the model. The number of default boxes was adjusted to accommodate the detection of long strip defects on fabric surface. Experimental results on the TILDA and Xuelang dataset confirm that our detection method based on SSD efficiently detected various fabric defects.
Fabric Defect Classification based on Deep Hashing Learning
Authors: Mo Dongmei , Wong Wai Keung
Published: November 2022

Classifying categories of fabric defects can greatly help to identify the source of causing fabric defects in the textile manufacturing process. Most existing artificial intelligence based methods focus on identifying and locating defective regions and do not analyze the categories of the defects. On the other hand, as current fabric defect detection methods depend on handcrafted features, they can only handle fabric with specific patterns or textures. In this paper, we propose a novel model which can learn high-level representation from the automatic observations of the input images that can recognize the categories of the defects for various fabric patterns and textures, instead of only locating defects on specific patterns. Experimental results show that the proposed method is superior to the state-of-the-art deep hash methods in terms of fabric defect classification.
Customizing FFT with FMA for China Accelerator
Authors: Gan Xinbiao , Li Biao , Guo Min , Su Huayou
Published: November 2022

Recently, Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) was introduced to study pattern characterization in textiles. Accelerators are a promising platform to accelerate large-scale FFT computation. However, current accelerating FFT only uses the accelerator to compute, but uses a CPU as a mere task controller. Additionally, a specified interface for FFT is built into the China accelerator (CA), which severely restricts FFT parallelization and performance. Hence, we transform four multiplications and six additions into six Fused Multiply Add (FMA) operations, then reduce total float operations by 40%, assisted by FMAs equipped with a Vector Processing Unit (VPE). Moreover, we propose an Interface Adapter (IA) to cater to a specified interface and a Fused Algorithm for Interface Adapter (FAIA) to fully use both the CA and CPU to compute large-scale FFT with coordination. Experimental results validated successful performance.
Data Generating Garments Using Low Cost Sensors
Authors: Gough Paul , Hsu Feng-Yu , Hsieh Yong Xue
Published: November 2022

Today's clothes are passive items that we wear, visually interesting, but otherwise silent. What if our clothes could generate data and connect directly to the digital world? What if these clothes could generate sufficient data to drive data hungry artificial intelligence (AI) techniques such as deep learning? This would enable smart apparel that could coach you at a sport, or monitor your health, or just help you look after your clothes. In this study, we describe a data generating sports top that can be the basis of a smart coach. The construction of the garment and its use of low-cost sensors and wireless transmission of data is described. Its use for measuring the upper body pose to analyze the bowling action of cricketers is demonstrated, along with considerations of how this could be a basis for combining smart garments and AI.
Sustainable Textile and Apparel Enterprise Supplier Selection Research
Authors: Tong Lizhong , Wang Jindan , Yi Jiajia
Published: November 2022

The textile and apparel industry is characterized by fast changes in customer demand and large seasonal impacts on products, which makes supplier selection more difficult. Textile and apparel enterprises should not only maximize their own economic interests, but also pay attention to humanistic care and ecological concepts due to the pressure from the public and the ecological environment. This study addresses the problem of sustainable development in textile and garment industry. A sustainable supplier selection research system, including quality, cost, flexibility, delivery, corporate social responsibility (CSR), and environmental management, was developed. A fashion apparel company was used as a specific case to support the study. The multi-attribute decision method PROMETHEE is used to evaluate supplier performance. The proposed sustainable framework can deal with the problem of supplier selection in textile and apparel industry effectively.
Influences of Collector Structure on Electric Field and Fiber Properties in Melt-Electrospinning
Authors: Zheng Yuansheng , Li Xueqin , Mu Xiaoqi , Xin Binjie
Published: November 2022

It is well known that the electric field has great influence on the diameter and properties of fibers during melt-electrospinning. This study introduces the influences of three types of collectors on the electric field distribution. An auxiliary electrode was used to enhance the electric field strength. Numerical simulation was used to understand the electric field distribution. Simulation and experimental results show that the electric field strength had an important influence on fiber properties. A more uniform electric field distribution capable of steadily controlling the jet behavior was obtained using the disc-shaped collector, thus effectively reducing the fiber diameter and improving fiber strength.
In Vitro Degradation of Silk Fibroin/Hyaluronic Acid Composite Hydrogels
Authors: Chen Shixian , Yang Wenjing , Yan Shuqin , Han Guocong , Zhang Qiang
Published: November 2022

Protein-polysaccharide scaffolds are usually used in tissue engineering; however, matching regeneration rate with healing modes is a challenge because of unpredictable scaffold degradation profiles. We investigated the effect of the blend ratio on degradation behavior of silk fibroin (SF)/hyaluronic acid (HA) hydrogels by varying weight ratios. The hydrogels were incubated in 1 U/mL collagenase IA at 37 °C to create an in vitro model of proteolytic degradation. Samples were harvested at designated time points up to 21 days and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), digital photos, and mass loss were investigated. Control samples were incubated in phosphate-buffered saline. The results showed regular and controllable degradability. The higher the HA content, the stronger the degradability of the hydrogel. When the HA content increased from 20% to 40%, the mass loss of the hydrogel increased from 22% to 35% after 21 days of degradation.
Relationship between Structure and Dyeing Properties of Disperse Dyes in D5 Medium
Authors: Huang Jingming , Zhang Hongjuan , Pei Liujun , Wang Jiping
Published: November 2022

In this paper, two disperse dyes with different substituents were selected to dye polyester fabrics in decmethylcyclopentasiloxane (D5) medium. The structures and dyeing performance of the two dyes were studied and compared. The results showed that dyes with lower solubility in D5 medium had higher dyeing rates. DFT calculations showed that large steric hindrance of cyano groups on diazo components contributed to improving the dyeing rate. This was due to the generation of more monomolecular dyes by destroying π-π stacking interactions. These results provide theoretical guidance for improving the exhaustion and further promote the industrial development of disperse dye in a D5 dyeing system.
Analyzing Garment Aperture Effect on Thermal Shrinkage of Flame Resistant Fabrics under Fire Exposure
Authors: Wang Qi , Tian Miao , Su Yun , Zhang Xiang Hui , Xiao Yi Ting , Li Jun
Published: November 2022

Thermal shrinkage of flame resistant fabrics can greatly affect the thermal protection of firefighters’ clothing. In this study, four boundary conditions were designed to simulate garment aperture structures. Thermal shrinkage was measured with and without an air gap under three heat-flux levels. The shrinkage ratio was measured and calculated using digital image technology. Results showed that an air gap between the fabric and sensors was the main factor in thermal shrinkage. The presence of an air gap aggravates thermal shrinkage at the garment apertures, especially under the open boundary condition with incomplete fixation. The ease required for human movement and thermal shrinkage should be taken into consideration when designing thermal protective clothing. This study provides a quantitative method for determining the thermal shrinkage of fabrics.
Structural Design and Performance of Woven Electrothermal Fabric Based on Silver-Plated Filament
Authors: Chen An , Liu Qian
Published: November 2022

Researchers used nine woven electrothermal fabrics with different structures and silver-plated filament content. Electrothermal performance was tested and analyzed to select the fabric with the best thermal stability and heating performance for additional testing of fatigue resistance. Results show that at room temperature, electrical resistance decreases with the increase of silver-plated filament content, and the nine fabrics show good thermal stability at various voltages. When the fabric is electrified, the surface temperature distribution of the satin fabric is more uniform, and the satin fabric with 10% silvered filament has the best heating effect. At 3 V, the fabric can reach 60 °C. After 200 power cycles (on and off), the fabric still has good thermal performance and good fatigue resistance. After washing, heating remains effective.
Functional Development and Evaluation of Residential Fire-Resistant Clothing
Authors: Wang Shitan , He Qingyuan , Wang Yunyi
Published: November 2022

Residential fires are a significant risk factor threatening the health and security of occupants. The purpose of this study was to develop a novel fire-safety product to help occupants safely and quickly evacuate from fire. Residential fire-resistant clothing with an alterable robe-coverall structure was developed according to a functional design procedure. The protection and ergonomic performance of the new fire-resistant clothing were verified by material selection and testing, flame manikin testing, and a simulated evacuation test. The results demonstrated that the fire-resistant clothing could provide essential thermal protection, inhalation protection, tear resistant, and visibility. Moreover, compared to current fire blankets, this fire-resistant clothing integrated the robe and coverall together, providing improved thermal protection and ergonomics, while decreasing skin burn percentage by 30.04% and allowing flexible leg movement.
Controllable Wetting Modification of Polypropylene Fibrous Mats
Authors: Xu Jinhao , Xin Binjie , Du Xuanxuan
Published: November 2022

In this study, polypropylene (PP) fibrous mats are modified by plasma treatment, following by chemical grafting. Initially, the as-prepared PP fibrous mats are treated by plasma at different oxygen (O2) and argon (Ar) ratios. Then, the PP fibrous mats are modified by grafting dopamine onto polar groups for in situ polymerizations, resulting in a polydopamine (PDA) coating on the substrate's surface. Time-sensitive wettability is thereby converted into permanent wettability in PP fibers. The morphology, chemical performance, and relative wettability of the modified PP fibers are then characterized. The experimental results show, using an O2/Ar ratio of 3:7 during plasma treatment, that the water contact angle was decreased from 114.2° to 0°, and the maximum grafting degree was 0.79%.
Antibacterial Property of Cotton Fabric Dyed with Vaccinium bracteatum Thunb. Leaves
Authors: Tian Guangguo , Cui Rongrong , Hu Xiaorui , Feng Yan
Published: November 2022

Vaccinium bracteatum Thumb. leaves have a variety of nutritional values and physiological functions, and are rich in useful resources. In this study, these leaves were used as a raw material to make vegetable dyes. Cotton fabric was then dyed with them by the direct staining method. Good dyeing effects and antibacterial properties of the resulting fabrics could be obtained using an optimized dyeing process. The antibacterial properties of the fabric were directly proportional to the dye uptake ( K/S value) of the fabric. To improve dyeing, mordant and chitosan were used separately to pretreat the cotton fabrics. The K/S value and antibacterial properties of the pretreated dyed cotton fabrics were improved after pretreatment.
Preparation and Application of Ag-In/ZnO Nanorods
Authors: Xie Mingrui , Wang Liming , Xu Lihui , Shen Yong
Published: November 2022

In this paper, one-dimensional rod-shaped nano zinc oxide (ZnO) and Ag-In co-doped ZnO complexes with different doping ratios were prepared by hydrothermal method with C6H12N4, Zn(NO3)2·6(H2O), AgNO3, and In(NO3)3 as raw materials. The samples were characterized by X-ray diffractometry (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and ultraviolet protection factor (UPF). The results showed that the degradation rate of methylene blue (MB) in aqueous solution reached 90.17% after being dispersed with 10%Ag-4%In/ZnO and exposed to ultraviolet light for 120 min., furthermore, MB was almost completely degraded after 180 min. of UV irradiation, thus the ZnO sample was provided with splendid photocatalysis activity. After 10% Ag-4%In/ZnO processing on modified polyester fabric, UPF of the treated Dacron was 50+ in accordance with the standard GB/T18830-2009 and considered to possess excellent UV resistance.
Predicting the Mechanical Strength of Fire Protective Fabrics after Thermal Aging using Machine Learning
Authors: Liu Xiaohan , Tian Miao , Su Yun , Wang Yunyi , Li Jun
Published: November 2022

Thermal aging leads to a reduction in the tensile strength of fire protective fabrics, which increases the skin burn risks of the wearer. Standardized test methods are generally destructive. In this study, machine learning was applied to predict the tensile strength after heat exposure. Training data was obtained from published articles, and seven features that affect the tensile strength of the fabric were determined. The results indicated that the average R2 and RMSE of machine learning models was 0.83 and 135.40, respectively, which was better than the traditional statistical model (R2 = 0.45, RMSE = 238.41). Among all the models, GBR produced the best prediction result (R2 = 0.95, RMSE = 77.42). Five features (fiber, weight, testing direction, exposure time, and heat flux density) were sufficient to achieve a better prediction.
A Response of the Pineal Gland in Sexually Mature Rats under Long-term Exposure to Heavy Metal Salts
Authors: Hryntsova Nataliia , Hodorová Ingrid , Mikhaylik Josef , Romanyuk Anatoly
Published: November 2022

Pollution with heavy metal salts is an important environmental problem today, having an adverse effect on public health. The endocrine system maintains homeostasis in the body. The antioxidant protection (GPX-1) of the pineal gland in mature rats was studied. Animals of the experimental group represented a model of microelementosis, achieved by adding a mixture of heavy metal salts for 90 days to drinking water: zinc (ZnSO4×7H2O) – 5 mg/l, copper (CuSO4×5H2O) – 1 mg/l, iron (FeSO4) – 10 mg/l, manganese (MnSO4×5H2O) – 0.1 mg/l, lead (Pb(NO3)2) – 0.1 mg/l, and chromium (K2Cr2O7) – 0.1 mg/l. Morphological, statistical and immunohistochemical (GPX-1) research methods were used. Long-term (90-days) intake of heavy metal salts mixture in the body of experimental animals brought about development of the general adaptation syndrome, the stage of chronic stress “subcompensation” in the pineal gland. Morphological rearrangements were of nonspecific polymorphic nature as severe hemodynamics disorder in the organ, impairment of vascular wall morphology, development of tissue hypoxia and oxidative stress, accompanied by processes of accelerated apoptosis in part of pinealocytes, by a significant decrease in glutathione peroxidase level in the organ and reactive astrogliosis as a response to the damaging agent’s action. Along with the negative changes in the pineal gland, a compensatory-adaptive processes with signs of functional stress also occurred. A sufficiently high degree of glutathione peroxidase activity in 39% of pinealocytes located perivascularly, active adaptive glial reaction and activation of synthetic processes in some pinealocytes were also observed.
Malignancy Rates in Thyroid Nodules Classified as Bethesda III and IV; Correlating Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology with Histopathology
Authors: Pereira Chirag
Published: November 2022

Fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) is an integral part in the diagnostic work up of thyroid nodules. FNAC reports are based on Bethesda system for thyroid cytopathology which is one of the most commonly used systems worldwide. The main objective of the present study was to evaluate the malignancy rates in Bethesda category III and IV thyroid nodules over a six-year period. 642 thyroid FNAC were performed over a six-year period. The medical records of all these patients were reviewed using electronic patient records. Cases reported to have Bethesda category III and IV were included in the study. Data for these patients were reviewed to determine the relationship between these categories and thyroid cancer. There were 41 cases of category III of which 19 underwent surgery and the malignancy rates were found to be 26.3%. Category IV consisted of 50 cases of which 45 underwent surgery and the malignancy rates were 26.6%. The results from our study are similar to findings in larger multicentric studies which found that malignancy rates for Bethesda category III and IV were 10–30% and 25–40%, respectively.