bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Defining the required number of spare parts under data constraints
Authors: Leyzgold K. A. , Bochkarev S. V.
Published: December 2024

Aim. The paper aims to reduce the costs associated with the post-failure downtime of equipment. This is especially relevant for industries such as oil production due to the territorial distribution of the maintained facilities and remote location of spare part storage, which leads to increased time to repair due to the wait for the arrival of the right part or piece of equipment. At the same time, there may be spare parts in stock that will not prove to be useful in the near future due to the irrational content of the stock in storage. Methods. Managing equipment spare parts usually comes down to using probabilistic methods and mathematical models for solving optimization problems, but such methods require data on the technical condition of a facility, cost characteristics, etc., that may not always be available, so a method that does not use such information needs to be developed. Results. A method is proposed for defining the number of spare items using the times-to-failure of same-type items and identifying the predicted probabilities of failures, which allows, in the absence of statistical data on the technical condition of items, minimising the downtime of equipment while waiting for spare parts.
A study of double and multiple loading of rod-type test samples made of pipe steel
Authors: Mayants Yu. A. , Shiryapov D. I. , Nosova E. S.
Published: December 2024

During transmission pipelines pressure testing, the value of the test pressure is taken to be equal to 1.1 of the working pressure for sections of the normal category and 1.25 or 1.5 for sections of higher categories. The substantiations of the above values date back to the middle of the 20-th century, and may need to be reconsidered in the light of the new-generation pipe materials implementation. This paper aims to identify the optimal safety factor for pressure testing of main pipelines, taking into account the material of the pipes, as well as the variation of the destructive power in case of multiple loading of the test objects. The findings will allow confirming or revising the existing approach to assigning the strength test pressure of main pipelines and theoretically substantiating the observed phenomena. In practice, that will allow establishing the optimal parameters for testing gas pipelines, ensuring the required dependability and safety. The research is relevant due to the continuous improvement of pipe steels, as well as in the light of innovative pipe material development. An analysis of foreign and Russian experimental studies involving double loading of steel test objects to failure indicates that – before the second loading – the destructive force can be reduced to 90% of the first loading value. The available statistical sample of foreign and Russian experiments is small, while the methodology is complex. Given the above, the authors developed an original methodology, that was used in destructive double loading experiments on steel test objects and statistical analysis of the results.
Recent Patents on Cageless Rolling Bearings
Authors: Pan Chengyi , Guo Jiahe , Zhang Fanfan
Published: December 2024

Background:

Rolling bearings are widely used as core components in mechanical
equipment. Most bearings are equipped with a cage. However, when bearings work under conditions
of large load and high speed, the cage will produce violent friction and collision between the
rolling body and the rings of the bearing, which will reduce the stability of the bearing operation
and even fracture the cage. Bearing cage significantly impacts the rotational accuracy and life of
the bearing. Therefore, in recent years, many scholars have begun researching cageless rolling
bearings. The cageless rolling bearing eliminates the various adverse effects brought about by the
cage and reduces the weight of the bearing. However, the bearing structure must be reasonably designed
to eliminate the reverse friction between adjacent rolling elements in cageless cases. Therefore,
it is essential to design the structure of cageless rolling bearings and study their performance.

Objective:

By analyzing and summarizing the research on cageless rolling bearings in recent
years, the current problems and the future development of cageless rolling bearings are analyzed
to provide a reference for researchers in the related fields.

Method:

This paper reviews representative patents related to cageless rolling bearings, discusses
the structure and performance of various cageless rolling bearings, and analyzes their advantages
and disadvantages, mainly including full complement cageless bearings, isolation element bearings,
and special cageless bearings. Each type of bearing is analyzed through ball bearings and
roller bearings.

Results:

Through the analysis of the related patents on cageless rolling bearings, it is found that
the main problems affecting the development of cageless rolling bearings are the irregular collision
of rolling elements with each other, the friction between rolling elements and the adjacent elements,
and the difficulty in machining the particular shape isolation and raceway. Future research
focuses on how to improve the service performance of cageless rolling bearings comprehensively
so that they can work under high speed and heavy load.

Conclusion:

Cageless rolling bearings simplify the bearing structure to increase the number of
rolling elements. Therefore, the capacity of the rolling bearing is improved. The internal bearing
friction can be reduced through structural innovation design. Cageless rolling bearings have broad
development prospects
Parental Perspectives on Childhood Fever and Antipyretics: A Cross-sectional Study on Knowledge, Attitudes, and Beliefs in Bekaa Valley
Authors: Tohme Fardous , Nasser Sahar , Assi Mohammad , Wattar Jana , Dabbous Mariam , Kenaan Seham , Hamad Faten , Sakr Fouad
Published: December 2024

Background

Fever in children is one of the most common reasons for seeking pediatric medical care. Many parents believe that elevation in body temperature is an immune response to illness, while others perceive it as a disease requiring immediate attention. The use of drugs (antipyretics and antibiotics) often presents a significant challenge for parents when assessing the condition of their child. Most of the parents, regardless of their education level, medical background, or previous experience in treating a child with fever, feel very intimidated by underdiagnosed or untreated fever.

Objective

The purpose of this study was to assess parental knowledge and attitude towards fever in children aged 3-5 years and their practice during assessment and treatment.

Methods

A cross-sectional observational study was carried out among Bekaa elementary schools. This study targeted parents through a questionnaire sent to them at home. They were asked to fill out the questionnaire, which included participants’ demographics, knowledge, attitude, and practice regarding fever and drugs. The practice score was calculated using 13 different variables to evaluate the knowledge.

Results

Out of 1300 parents, a total of 808 parents participated in this study; 42.7% of them recognized fever as a body temperature above 38.5ºC, and 28% believed that fever reflects a healthy immune response. Moreover, 65.5% of parents were found to give their children antipyretics when body temperature was below the defined threshold. The calculated median knowledge score was 8. According to bivariate analysis, parents with higher education levels or with medical specialties demonstrated no difference in treating fever from non-educated parents or parents who did not belong to the medical field (P-value: 0.268 and 1, respectively), whereas the age of parents positively affected the knowledge.

Conclusion

In this study, parental knowledge regarding fever was generally acceptable, but it failed to evaluate the impact of knowledge on attitudes and practices. Still, parental awareness regarding fever assessment and management must be carefully addressed by primary caregivers and community pharmacists.
Transforming Wound Management: Advancement in Nanomaterials-based Therapeutics
Authors: Goyal Kanika , Ahalwat Shaveta , Jogpal Vikas
Published: December 2024

The landscape of wound management has undergone a revolutionary transformation
with the integration of nanomaterials-based therapeutics. This abstract explores the profound impact
of nanotechnology on wound care, highlighting the unique properties of nanomaterials and
their role in advancing therapeutic interventions. Nanomaterials, characterized by their dimensions
at the nanoscale, have emerged as versatile tools in wound management. The review focuses
on various types of nanomaterials, including nanoparticles, nanofibers, and nanocomposites,
which offer tailored solutions for optimizing wound healing processes to facilitate controlled drug
delivery, developing a novel approach on account of achieving controlled transport of bioactive
agents, such as growth factors, antimicrobial compounds, and anti-inflammatory drugs. This precision
in drug delivery enhances therapeutic efficacy, promoting optimal wound healing outcomes.
One of the pivotal contributions of nanomaterials to wound management is their engineered antimicrobial
properties. Nanoparticles also exhibit effective antibacterial characteristics, addressing
concerns related to wound infections. Nanomaterials integrated into dressings and scaffolds enhance
mechanical strength and provide a conducive environment for cellular processes, fostering
tissue regeneration, angiogenesis, and extracellular matrix synthesis. Nanoparticles with anti-inflammatory
and antioxidant functionalities create a balanced microenvironment, reduce chronic inflammation,
and promote a pro-regenerative milieu. In conclusion, integrating nanomaterials into
wound management strategies represents a paradigm shift in therapeutic approaches.
Neutrophil-lymphocyte, Lymphocyte-monocyte, and Platelet-lymphocyte Ratios: Non-invasive Biomarkers for Assessing Inflammatory Bowel Disease Activity
Authors: Patel Dhruvkumar M. , Patel Dhara K. , Patel Maitri M. , Patel Lalitkumar B. , Shaikh Ronak T. , Shaikh Neha T. , Patel Mukundkumar V.
Published: December 2024

Background:

Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) necessitate cost-effective biomarkers
for efficient management. This study aimed to explore the potential correlations of neutrophil-to--
lymphocyte ratio (NLR), lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio (LMR), and platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio
(PLR) with IBD disease activity. Additionally, we assessed their associations with other inflammatory
markers.

Methods:

We recruited 180 IBD patients with over 12 months of disease duration, categorized into
two groups: Group 1 (active IBD) with 113 cases and Group 2 (inactive IBD) with 67 cases,
alongside 200 group-matched healthy controls (Group 3). Hemogram, NLR, LMR, PLR, hs-CRP,
ESR, fecal calprotectin (FC), and relevant parameters were recorded.

Results:

NLR and PLR were elevated, while LMR was decreased in active IBD patients compared
to those in remission. The cutoff values for active IBD were determined as NLR > 1.98, LMR <
3.01, and PLR > 147, exhibiting sensitivity of 92%, 88%, and 91%, and specificity of 93%, 87%,
and 89% respectively. Optimal cutoff values for IBD disease activity were CRP > 9.71, ESR > 24,
and FC > 176. Multivariate logistic regression identified NLR, LMR, and PLR as robust parameters
for discriminating IBD disease activity after adjusting for WBC, CRP, ESR, and FC markers
(p < 0.05). NLR and PLR exhibited proportional increases with IBD severity, while LMR lacked
such predictive capability.

Conclusions:

NLR, PLR, and LMR emerge as simple, non-invasive, and cost-effective independent
markers of IBD disease activity, complementing traditional markers like CRP and ESR.
Fighting on Quicksand: How Corruption Weakens State Capacity in War
Authors: Decety Nathan
Published: December 2024

This paper explores whether corruption negatively affects the outcomes of interstate conflicts. Applying quantitative methods on about 200 years of data suggests that more corrupt countries are less likely to win interstate wars and more likely to suffer a higher ratio of combat losses in those wars. The rot of corruption thus likely affects one of the main duties of the state: public defense.
Received: 09-02-2024
Revised: 09-27-2024
Evaluasi Kesesuaian Kawasan Perdagangan dan Jasa Menggunakan Spatial Multi Criteria Evaluation (SMCE) di Kota Bandar Lampung
Authors: Hanidya Farah Satira , Indira Indira , Musrah Nur Auliya , Wibowo Adi
Published: December 2024

Bandar Lampung merupakan wilayah strategis untuk dikembangkan menjadi kawasan perdagangan dan jasa, dimana arahan pola ruangnya telah dilaksanakan. Timpangnya kondisi eksisting dan ideal suatu kawasan menjadi masalah umum yang ditemukan, sehingga perlu dilakukan kajian mengenai evaluasi kesesuaian kawasan perdagangan dan jasa. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kesesuaian serta alternatif kawasan perdagangan dan jasa di Kota Bandar Lampung. Metode yang digunakan adalah SMCE dengan teknik weighted overlay menggunakan empat variabel, yaitu jarak dari jalan, jarak dari permukiman, lereng dan jarak dari sungai. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa kesesuaian kawasan perdagangan dan jasa di Kota Bandar Lampung dari model SMCE yaitu seluas 6.040,83 Ha atau 33,89% dari total wilayah Kota Bandar Lampung. Kemudian diperoleh alternatif kawasan perdagangan dan jasa seluas 2.451,91 ha atau 13,76% di utara dan pusat Kota Bandar Lampung. Wilayah yang memenuhi kriteria antara lain dekat dengan akses jalan dan permukiman, berada pada wilayah yang datar, serta jauh dari sungai.
The Relationship Between Self-Compassion and Resilience in the General Population: Protocol for a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (Preprint)
Authors: Li Xinyi , Malli Melina Aikaterini , Cosco Theodore D , Zhou Guangyu
Published: December 2024

BACKGROUND

Resilience can protect individuals from the negative impact of adversity, facilitating a swift recovery. The exploration of protective factors contributing to resilience has been a central focus of research. Self-compassion, a positive psychological construct that involves treating oneself with kindness, holds the potential to bolster resilience. Although several studies have indicated an association between self-compassion and resilience, there is a lack of systematic reviews and meta-analyses examining this relationship and the potential moderators and mechanisms.

OBJECTIVE

This study aimed to systematically review the literature on the relationship between self-compassion and resilience in the general population, perform a meta-analysis to quantify the effect size of their association, and explore potential moderators (eg, age, gender, culture, and health status) and mediators.

METHODS

We will search the Web of Science, PsycINFO, MEDLINE, Scopus, CINAHL, and CNKI databases for peer-reviewed studies (including observational and experimental studies) that examined the relationship between self-compassion and resilience, with no language restrictions. There are no restrictions regarding participants’ age, gender, culture, or health status. Qualitative studies, conference abstracts, review articles, case reports, and editorials will be excluded. Two reviewers (XL and JH) will independently screen the literature, extract data, and assess the quality of the eligible studies. If possible, the pooled effect size between self-compassion and resilience will be meta-analyzed using a random-effect model. Meta-regression and subgroup analysis will be conducted to examine the moderating roles of age, gender, culture, health status, and other potential moderators. The characteristics and main findings of eligible studies will be summarized in tables and narrative descriptions. Results from the meta-analysis, meta-regression, and subgroup analysis will be presented quantitatively.

RESULTS

We registered our protocol with PROSPERO, conducted the search, and initiated the screening in April 2024. We expect to start data analysis in October 2024 and finalize the review by March 2025.

CONCLUSIONS

The systematic review and meta-analysis will provide evidence on the protective role of self-compassion in resilience under adversity. Our investigation into potential moderators will highlight the contexts and groups where the benefits of self-compassion can be maximized. The findings are expected to provide valuable insights for health care professionals and stakeholders, informing the development of interventions aimed at enhancing resilience by fostering self-compassion.

CLINICALTRIAL

PROSPERO CRD42024534390; https://tinyurl.com/3j3rmcja

INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT

PRR1-10.2196/60154
Malaria knowledge and self-medication practices among local community of Papua
Authors: Zainuri Agus , Arwimbar Petrus YI , Irap Samuel Piter
Published: December 2024

Purpose: Papua Province is Indonesia's largest contributor to malaria cases, accounting for 81% of the national malaria burden. These cases are concentrated in City of Jayapura, Jayapura Regency, Keerom, Mimika, Sarmi, Mamberamo Raya, Asmat, Boven Digoel, and the Yapen Islands. Given this high concentration, there is an urgent need for accelerated efforts to reduce malaria cases, particularly in these areas, to improve the overall malaria situation in Papua. Self-medication behavior plays a crucial role in malaria treatment, but fostering the desired knowledge and behavior around self-medication is challenging. This study surveyed the understanding of malaria and self-medication practices among the local population of Papua.
Methods: The survey involved 100 respondents in areas with access to doctors and community health centers (Puskesmas) in Harapan Village, Jayapura Regency.
Results: While there is strong knowledge about malaria transmission, significant gaps remain in safe self-medication practices, such as improper medication use and storage. These findings highlight the need for better public education on the importance of following medical instructions and seeking timely medical consultation when self-medication fails.
Conclusion: Despite having relatively better access to a public health center, the local Papuan community still exhibits unsafe self-medication practices for malaria treatment. There is an urgent need to improve malaria treatment literacy and educate the community on proper treatment behaviors to ensure more effective malaria control.
Advancing China’s Green Tax System: Development and Enhancement Strategies
Authors: Chen Shuaichao
Published: December 2024

This study discusses the establishment and improvement strategies of China’s green tax system. Firstly, it proposes improving the green tax policy framework, clarifying policy objectives, encouraging environmentally protective behavior, and enhancing policy implementation through ecological compensation mechanisms and public participation. It emphasizes strengthening the capacity for tax collection and enforcement, improving the professional level of tax personnel through training and technological means, and enhancing cross-departmental cooperation. It promotes public participation and social supervision, enhances public awareness of environmental protection, and establishes a supervision mechanism. Additionally, it advocates for strengthening international cooperation and learning from internationally advanced experiences to promote the globalization of green tax policies, providing systematic strategic recommendations for the development of China’s green tax system.
МЭМС-ПЕРЕКЛЮЧАТЕЛИ ВЧ / СВЧ-СИГНАЛОВ. ЧАСТЬ 2
Authors: Кочемасов В. , Торина Е. , Сафин А.
Published: December 2024

В первой части статьи, опубликованной в четвертом номере журнала
«ЭЛЕКТРОНИКА: Наука, Технология, Бизнес» за 2024 год, было рассмотрено
устройство МЭМС-переключателей ВЧ/СВЧ-сигналов и рассказано
о различных типах таких устройств, выпускаемых рядом производителей.
В данном номере приводится информация об особенностях и характеристиках МЭМС-переключателей компании Analog Devices.
EVALUATING ONLINE AUTHENTIC READING ASSESSMENT
Authors: Ardiansyah Hendro , Idris Izazol , Imami Muh. Khairul Wajedi
Published: December 2024

The aim of the current research was to evaluate the online authentic reading assessment at the University of Muhammadiyah Malang, Indonesia. A total of 170 students who were participants in the assessment program participated in the current research. They were asked to rate and evaluate the assessment program based on five criteria: (1) planning; (2) teaching and learning; (3) student involvement; (4) coursework; and (5) course description aspects. This research employed quantitative approach. Descriptive analysis in Statistical Product and Service Solutions (SPSS) version 27 was used to analyse the data. The data were collected through an instrument adopted from the evaluation report for the instructors of the UMM. The instruments were valid and reliable to be used based on their content, face validity, and Cronbach alpha results. The results of the current research indicated that participants rated the program in a good category in all aspects of the criteria given, namely in the aspects of planning, teaching and learning, student involvement, coursework, and course description. Therefore, the online authentic reading assessment at the UMM was conducted sufficiently. The implications of the study suggest that future research should explore the integration of performance-based assessment with other approaches, such as competency-based assessment, situation-based assessment, or problem-based assessment.
Enhancing students' reflective thinking skills through Problem-Oriented Project-Based Learning (POPBL) with PEKERTI worksheet
Authors: Sinusi Nur Suhaiba , Ibrohim I. , Rahayu Sofia Ery
Published: December 2024

Reflective thinking skills are vital for 21st-century life skills. This study examines the effectiveness of the Problem-Oriented Project-Based Learning (POPBL) model combined with the PEKERTI Worksheet in improving the reflective thinking skills of eighth-grade students at Junior High School 2 Alla, Enrekang, South Sulawesi. POPBL emphasizes real-world problem-solving, while the PEKERTI Worksheet—focusing on questions (PErtanyaan), essential concepts (Konsep Esensial), action plans (Rencana Tindakan), and initiatives (Inisatif)—enhances the learning process. Using a quasi-experimental design with a non-equivalent control group, the study involved 75 students divided into three groups. Data were collected via observations, questionnaires, and tests, and analyzed using ANCOVA. Results showed significantly higher reflective thinking skills in the POPBL group using the PEKERTI Worksheet compared to the POPBL-only and conventional learning groups (p = 0.000). These findings suggest that integrating POPBL with the PEKERTI Worksheet effectively supports the education curriculum in Indonesia and develops essential life skills in junior high school students.
Расчет многослойных железобетонных конструкций с монолитной связью слоев
Authors:   ФГБОУ ВО «НИУ МГСУ», Король Е.А. , Тхо Ву Динь
Published: December 2024

В монографии получили дальнейшее развитие методологические подходы к расчету многослойных железобетонных конструкций из бетонов с различными физико-механическими характеристиками и монолитной связью слоев с учетом вариативных параметров образующихся контактных зон на границе слоев. Реализация разработанной методики получила практическую апробацию для расчета и совершенствования конструктивных решений энергоэффективных многослойных ограждающих конструкций покрытий зданий различного назначения.
Оценка технико-экономической эффективности применения многослойных железобетонных панелей с использованием внутреннего слоя из легкого низкотеплопроводного бетона подтвердила эффективность их применения в различных климатических зонах Российской Федерации и Вьетнама.
Для научных сотрудников строительной отрасли, аспирантов, магистрантов, а также обучающихся строительных вузов.
Instituições e práticas culturais e educativas no antigo regime português: difusão, conteúdos e formas
Authors: Julio Kelly Lislie , Morais Christianni Cardoso
Published: December 2024

Esta coletânea reúne algumas das comunicações apresentadas durante o VI Colóquio Internacional CEIbero – Colóquio Cultura e Educação no Mundo Ibérico, realizado na cidade mineira de São João del-Rei, em 2023. São trabalhos que abordam, a partir de pesquisas originais, os diferentes aspectos dos processos e das práticas educativas, além das dinâmicas culturais em suas relações com a política do Antigo Regime, no vasto espaço que ficou conhecido como “mundo Ibérico”. Esta é mais uma obra organizada e publicada pelo Grupo de Pesquisa Cultura e Educação nos Impérios Ibéricos (CEIbero), que, com a promoção da sexta edição do evento e esta publicação, evidencia, mais uma vez, a importância e a necessidade de discussões e divulgação de temas e períodos, em sua maioria, muito pouco explorados pela historiografia da educação. Espera-se, pois, ampliar a circulação das discussões realizadas e garantir o acesso às temáticas apresentadas para além daquelas pessoas presentes no Colóquio. No mais, anseia-se que esta obra seja mais um recurso para a promoção de novos diálogos, bem como para a troca de conhecimentos e a ampliação das redes de intercâmbio entre pesquisas interessadas no mundo Ibérico e nas complexidades em torno das diferentes instituições e suas práticas culturais e educativas; nos diversos elementos ligados à administração, instrução e educação; e, finalmente, na cultura escrita e nas práticas culturais e educativas.
Um ensaio sobre o irracionalismo
Authors: Neto Benedito Silva
Published: December 2024

Por que, diante do considerável conhecimento científico e recursos tecnológicos existentes, as sociedades contemporâneas têm se mostrado incapazes de enfrentar objetivamente os graves e crescente problemas colocados pela crise socioambiental que as ameaçam? Nos parece que tal incapacidade é um dos efeitos de um problema social profundo e abrangente. Este problema é o irracionalismo, o qual existe historicamente nas sociedades humanas, mas que, no capitalismo, adquire características específicas. Neste ensaio, examinamos a hipótese de que o maior desafio que se coloca à Humanidade não se encontra nos processos causais (sociais ou naturais) dos problemas que ameaçam as sociedades contemporâneas, mas na sua incapacidade de considerar o conhecimento científico desses processos nas suas decisões coletivas. Sendo tais decisões, nas sociedades capitalistas, determinadas pela luta de classes, é evidente que elas não podem ser tomadas em detrimento dos interesses das classes dominantes, centrados na acumulação de capital, a qual tem cada vez com mais clareza se mostrado inconciliável com uma reprodução material sustentável das sociedades contemporâneas. Assim, não é de se surpreender que o irracionalismo seja assumido amplamente pelas classes dominantes, as quais não hesitam em estimular formas extremas de irracionalismo, francamente negacionistas e manipuladoras (como as que caracterizam o fascismo). No entanto, mesmo entre aqueles que apresentam uma posição (supostamente) crítica em relação ao capitalismo, observa-se a proliferação de ideologias irracionalistas, muitas das quais chegam até mesmo a identificar a racionalidade em si, característica da ciência, como a principal causa da atual crise socioambiental. No presente ensaio pretendemos contribuir para a compreensão do fenômeno do irracionalismo nas sociedades contemporâneas (em especial no Ocidente). Nele procuramos analisar como o irracionalismo veio a dominar a reflexão sobre a própria natureza do ser humano para, a partir disto, tornar-se hegemônico como forma de pensamento nessas sociedades.
Examining the Provision of Legal and Religious Education to Islamic Families to Safeguard the Rights and Well-Being of Women and Children: A Case Study Conducted in Malang Regency, East Java
Authors: Harry Musleh , Saifullah Saifullah , Jundiani Jundiani , Fajarani Meisy
Published: December 2024

To this present day, violence against women and children remains prevalent and shows an upward trend over the years. This phenomenon is attributed to a multitude of variables, encompassing both domestic and societal influences. The primary objective of this study is to determine the necessity of legal and religious education inside the family. In addition, it aims to investigate the consequences and potential remedies for the absence of such education in familial settings. This study employs an empirical legal methodology that combines an approach to legislation with the Islamic law. The data was collected through interviews conducted in the city of Malang, East Java and reviews of literature. The study highlights the crucial need for legal and religious education within families due to the persistently high levels of crime. The protection of women in the Islamic law extends from their pre-marital stage through marriage and even after divorce from their spouses. These rights encompass the entitlement to inherit from their parents, access to education, the right to receive love and care when they start a family, provision of bodily and spiritual nourishment, clothing, and a home or place of abode provided by their husbands. Upon divorce, a woman is entitled to receive sustenance, iddah, pastau, mut'ah, and acceptable clothing from her former spouse. Child protection in the Islamic law can be ensured by the provision of nasab (self-identity), radha` (breastfeeding), hadhanah (care and maintenance), walayah (guardianship), and nafaqah (supply of sustenance). The protection of women and children is implemented by proactive measures, such as pre-marital advising and family counseling. Repressive measures, such as issuing threats to abusers, and providing guidance and counseling to victims of violence, are also employed. Proper implementation of women's and children's rights will occur when legal and religious education is conducted within the home environment.
Al-Mashlahah and Reinterpretation of Islamic Law in Contemporary Context
Authors: Zuhdi Muhammad Harfin , Abdun Nasir Mohamad
Published: December 2024

Substantially, all Islamic law comes with a mission of benefiting humans, as the theory of al-mashlahah suggests. This article elaborates extensively on the theory of al-mashlahah in the discourse of Islamic legal thought from classical to contemporary times, starting from al-Ghazâli's theory of al-mashlahah in his book al-Mustashfa to `Izz al-Dîn ibn 'Abd al-Salâm’s concept of jalb al-manafi wa daf’u al-mafasid (taking benefit, refuting harm) and al-Shatibi with a comprehensive integralistic approach in his work al-Muwafaqat. Contemporary Muslim intellectuals, such as Ibn Asyur, Abdul Majid Al-Najjar, Jamaluddin 'Athiyah and Jasser Auda further develop this theory. This article finds that there is a continuous dynamic of Islamic legal methods related to the theory of al-mashlahah, which is used as an argument in the contemporary era, transforming into maqashid al-shariah. The reform in Islamic law mostly makes use of the maqashid as the basic paradigm, which covers not only individual but also social, communal and universal social benefits. In this context, Al-Najar, 'Athiyyah, and Jasser Auda offer new scope and dimensions of maqasid al-shari'ah theory to answer the problems of contemporary Islamic law.
Automated Lung Region Segmentation in Pediatric Chest Radiography
Authors: Fonseca Afonso Ueslei , Félix Juliana de Paula , Vieira Gabriel da Silva , Fernandes Deborah , Soares Fabrizzio
Published: December 2024

In chest radiographs, the automatic identification of regions, structures, or objects that compose it can help the professional in the area to perform their reading and analysis more assertively, promoting the improvement and efficiency of the diagnosis. In the present work, we propose a method to segment the lung fields in pediatric chest radiographs (PCXR). Based on digital image processing operations and rules, the proposal is evaluated on a PCXR images dataset. The results are satisfactory for the different classes of images analyzed, indicating that the proposed method can be helpful in the preprocessing stages of more complex flows.
Prediction of Stock Prices Using Ensemble Models
Authors: Estevam Leite da Silva Cláudio , Menezes Salgado Ricardo
Published: December 2024

The financial market encompasses a set of institutions, products, and services aimed at meeting the financial needs of individuals, companies, and governments. Its primary objective is to direct financial resources from investors to projects requiring funding. This is achieved through the issuance and trading of securities such as stocks, debt securities, among others. In this paper, the goal was to develop a machine learning application specifically for the Brazilian financial market, focusing on predicting the market value of eight companies that are representative of the financial sector on the stock exchange. The prediction is based on the closing price history and uses data from the last three years, with the inputs corresponding to the last 60 days immediately preceding the forecast date. For this task, three machine learning models were selected: Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM), Multilayer Perceptron (MLP), and Convolutional Neural Network (CNN). Each of these was fine-tuned using five different optimizers, resulting in a total of 15 models. Subsequently, all 15 models were combined into an Ensemble. After applying data transformations, the models achieved a satisfactory level of error for the analysis. Among the transformations used, the logarithmic transformation stood out as the one that resulted in the most well-adjusted models compared to the others. In second place, the Yeo-Johnson transformation showed slightly higher error but performed better on series with high variation. Additionally, the convolutional models and Ensemble were the most effective.
La ampliación de BRICS en el marco de un orden internacional de alineamien-tos complejos
Authors: Giaccaglia Clarisa
Published: December 2024

El presente artículo tiene por objetivo analizar las motivaciones que impulsaron el inicio de un proceso de ampliación de BRICS, considerando tanto a sus estados fundadores como a aquellos que aspiraban al ingreso y que, posteriormente, fueron invitados a sumarse a este grupo. De este modo, se busca contribuir al conocimiento de un bloque de países que se ha tornado crucial para el entendimiento de la actual política internacional. Desde un punto de vista metodológico, el trabajo recurre a una metodología de investigación interpretativa, con un alto contenido descriptivo y analítico, concentrándose en el tratamiento de dos variables: motivaciones de los estados miembros y motivaciones de estados no miembros. El estudio se concentra en los seis candidatos que fueron formalmente invitados a sumarse al bloque durante la XV Cumbre anual realizada en Sudáfrica en agosto de 2023: Argentina, Egipto, Etiopía, Arabia Saudita, Irán y Emiratos Árabes Unidos. El trabajo concluye que las motivaciones que impulsaron tanto a miembros plenos como aspirantes conjugaron razones económico-financieras con consideraciones geopolíticas, con un peso diferencial de cada una de estas variables en los distintos casos de estudio aquí contemplados y en el marco de un orden internacional de alineamientos complejos.
Conversa com Túlio Pinto
Authors: Costa Lucas , Pinto Túlio
Published: December 2024

Entrevista realizada com o artista Túlio Pinto (1974), para a pesquisa de doutorado do autor, sobre escultura e instabilidade. A conversa gira em torno dos procedimentos artísticos utilizados na produção dos autores e as características fundamentais de suas respectivas poéticas. Devido ao processo de construção desses trabalhos, questões estruturais como a força da gravidade (equilíbrio, instabilidade, peso, leveza) apresentam-se como fio condutor da conversa, aproximando os autores de uma certa tradição escultórica. Dentro deste contexto, as questões específicas de produção são abordadas, justamente, para discutir a inserção desses tipos de trabalhos no circuito artístico.
Abstract
Interview with artist Túlio Pinto (1974) for the author’s PhD research on sculp-ture and instability. The conversation revolves around the artistic procedures used in the authors’ production and the fundamental characteristics of their res-pective poetics. Due to the construction process of these works, structural issues such as the force of gravity (balance, instability, weight, lightness) present them-selves as a common thread in the conversation, bringing the authors closer to a certain sculptural tradition. In this context, specific production issues are addres-sed precisely to discuss the insertion of these types of works in the artistic circuit.
Wilson Tibério: Artista negro e ativista internacionalista
Authors: Araújo Ana Lúcia
Published: December 2024

O artigo analisa a obra e a atuação do artista Wilson Tibério (1916-2005) como pintor e ativista internacionalista negro.
rotas fotográficas de Paula Sampaio - 2002/2020
Authors: Klautau Filho Mariano
Published: December 2024

Análise da obra da fotógrafa Paula Sampaio, da década de 1990 até o ano de 2020, centrada em duas exposições, em Belém, que funcionam como marcadores de sua trajetória de amadurecimento: as individuais “Paula Sampaio – Artista Convidada”, em 2002 no Arte Pará e “O Lago do Esquecimento” no Museu do Estado do Pará, em 2020 no 11o Diário Contemporâneo de Fotografia. É analisado o discurso do trabalho da artista entre a feição formal e a abordagem social que o coloca singularmente no debate sobre a política das imagens, tendo em vista os conceitos originários sobre a fotografia documental moderna e seus desdobramentos conceituais no circuito da arte contemporânea.
Cabaré-Encruzilhada: uma autoetnografia a dois
Authors: Braga de Oliveira Cleber Rodrigo , Bertola Nolasco da Silva Ricardo
Published: December 2024

No presente ensaio, os autores realizam uma autoetnografia sobre suas trajetórias na arte do cabaré, propondo um entrelaçamento de memórias, afetos e reflexões críticas que abarcam o período de quase duas décadas. Em sintonia com a Pedagogia da Encruzilhada, de Luís Rufino, é forjada aqui a noção de Cabaré-Encruzilhada: uma perspectiva cabareteira interessada no imbricamento das relações entre arte e vida, cultura popular e erudita, teatro e cidade. Por consequência, é possível constatar que está escrita não se restringe aos conteúdos autobiográficos que a disparam, enunciando a prática do cabaré enquanto fazer minoritário e burlando o universalismo e o racionalismo acadêmico.
A TALE OF TWO JIHADS: UNRAVELING THE ATROCITIES OF ISLAMIC STATE IN THE GREATER SAHARA (ISGS) AND JAMA'AT NASR AL-ISLAM WAL MUSLIMIN (JNIM) IN THE SAHEL
Authors: Afriyie Frederick Appiah
Published: December 2024

The Sahel area of West Africa has become the latest battleground for Al-Qaeda affiliated Jama`at Nusrat Al-Islam wal-Muslimin (JNIM) and the Islamic State affiliated Islamic State in the Greater Sahel (ISGS). This piece as far as possible identifies the heightened atrocities perpetuated by both groups in the Sahel region. With little or no doubt, the strategies and ascendancy in atrocities orchestrated by the JNIM and ISGS could be largely hypothesized to have negative implications for Africa’s Sahel region (Chad, Mali, Niger and Mauritania). As a matter of concern, the paper confirms the said hypothesis and finds that the activities of the two Jihad-descent groups poses adverse security, social and political ramifications for the Sahel region and even beyond. With the theory of deprivation as the undergirding framework, the work explores how lack of basic needs and legitimate entitlements of citizens have catalyzed the dominance of JNIM and ISGS in the Sahel. Aside discussing the formation, trends of events, atrocities and strategies of JNIM and ISGS, the paper advances for a swift, action-oriented and collective efforts of governments within the Sahel region. In order to restore Sahel’s stability, increased security collaboration and strengthening the tenets of good governance are some worthwhile recommendations postulated.
CHINESE MIGRANT WORKERS IN INDONESIA
Authors: Maksum Ali
Published: December 2024

The influx of Chinese migrant workers in Indonesia has become a contentious debate and is perceived publicly as a threat. Chinese migrant workers are accused of seizing local occupational employment amidst high local unemployment. The government has repeatedly told people that Chinese workers are not a threat. In fact, several issues involving Chinese workers have arisen, for example, related to residence permits, involvement in smuggling, involvement in crime, even suspicion that Chinese workers were members of security forces. This article examines two competing representations of Chinese migrant workers in Indonesia. First, a public representation which is negative and strongly attempts to securitize Chinese migrant workers. Second, the government representation that views Chinese migrant workers in a more positive light and that acts as a form of counter-securitization. The paper argues that the failure of securitization of Chinese migrant workers by the public is due to staunch counter-securitization carried out on a massive scale by the government through political apparatus, mainstream media and social media influencers.
A BLIND SPOT OF ISLAMIC EMIRATE OF AFGHANISTAN INTO RELATION WITH INDIA: THE SECOND REIGN SINCE AUGUST 2021
Authors: Khawrin Mohammad Khalid
Published: December 2024

India, from a humanistic perspective, has significantly contributed to Afghanistan's development and aids. The inductive research method was applied in the study. The nature of the data was in qualitative form in the secondary mood. The data was analyzed through the narrative analysis technique. The results showed that the Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan (IEA) is in state-making process. Afghanistan is complicated and unstable and that how it develops politically will determine how India and Afghanistan will interact in the future. It is recommended that IEA clarify and formalize its internal and external politics, policies, commitment to Islamic human rights, and responsibility to the state.
THE TWILIGHT OF US DOLLAR HEGEMONY AND THE COMING MULTIPOLAR WORLD
Authors: Krishnan Armin , Kassab Hanna Samir
Published: December 2024

The hegemony of the dollar is fundamental to the primacy of the United States in the international system, perhaps even more so than US military superiority. The US government can afford to spend several times more on its armed forces than its military competitors because it has the ability to sustain seemingly unlimited levels of debt thanks to the relative strength of the US dollar. Other nations have been willing to buy US debt and hold large reserves of dollars, which has kept the value of the dollar reasonably stable compared to other currencies. The authors argue that there are clear signs that the dollar's hegemony is in decline and that this could lead to a multipolar world in which the United States is just one great power among others. The article will discuss the reasons why the US dollar is so important to US power, why the dollar's attractiveness is declining and how the unprecedented sanctions imposed by Russia in response to the Russian incursion into Ukraine may have inadvertently accelerated the emergence of a multipolar world.
GOVERNOS DE MAURICIO MACRI E JAIR BOLSONARO
Authors: Coelho André Luiz , Treacy Mariano Ignacio , Bandeira de Mello Beatriz
Published: December 2024

Este artigo compara a política externa dos governos de Mauricio Macri, na Argentina, e Jair Bolsonaro, no Brasil, a partir dos posicionamentos dos presidentes e seus representantes sobre três temas: 1) relacionamento com os Estados Unidos, 2) com a China e 3) integração regional. Sugerimos que o governo Macri teve que adequar suas posições e práticas discursivas ao longo de sua gestão às pressões nacionais e internacionais. Entendemos que Jair Bolsonaro adotou postura semelhante em sua agenda externa e que seus discursos, apesar de fortemente ideológicos, opõem-se a ações mais pragmáticas, especialmente nas agendas econômica e comercial brasileira, tal como na Argentina. O trabalho adota como metodologia a Análise de Conteúdo dos discursos e relatórios dos Ministérios das Relações Exteriores do Brasil e da Argentina, e os aportes teóricos da Análise de Política Externa.
SUL GLOBAL VERSUS SUL GEOPOLÍTICO
Authors: Costa Hugo Bras Martins da , Duarte Rubens de Siqueira
Published: December 2024

Este artigo tem por objetivo analisar as limitações e possibilidades analíticas ofertadas pelos conceitos de Sul Global e de Sul Geopolítico, para uma compreensão mais apurada das dinâmicas geopolíticas das relações internacionais nas primeiras décadas do século XXI. Em termos metodológicos, o artigo é baseado em uma análise da história do conceito de Sul Global, na reflexão crítica sobre as principais lacunas de sua definição, na apresentação do conceito de Sul Geopolítico e, por fim, no reconhecimento de suas principais limitações, para indicar sugestões de aprimoramento. Em sua conclusão, o artigo argumenta que o conceito de Sul Geopolítico gera maior rendimento analítico em comparação ao de Sul Global devido à sua valorização da agência dos países do Sul, à maior precisão dos seus critérios de inclusão e exclusão e à sua denúncia das assimetrias e desigualdades presentes na clivagem Norte-Sul das relações internacionais. Entretanto, também argumentamos que o Sul Geopolítico precisa de aprimoramentos para que seja capaz de contemplar, simultaneamente, a dimensão da unidade do Sul, enquanto um contraponto ao Norte, a dimensão da diversidade do Sul, enquanto fenômeno ontológico, e a dimensão da mudança em termos de filiação de um Estado ao Sul Geopolítico ao longo do tempo.
NOVOS INIMIGOS, VELHAS ESTRATÉGIAS
Authors: Galdino Neto José Francelino , Oliveira Marcos Aurélio Guedes de
Published: December 2024

Como a relação entre Presidente e Congresso impactou a política externa do Governo Barack Obama (2009-2017)? Os objetivos principais da pesquisa são analisar a política externa do Governo Barack Obama a partir da relação entre Presidente e Congresso, testando se o tipo de política, interna ou externa, consegue explicar a ocorrência de bipartidarismo nas votações dentro do Congresso. O desenho de pesquisa combina a análise e classificação de todas as 2341 votações realizadas no Senado estadunidense durante os oito anos do Governo Obama com uma profunda análise teórica e histórica própria do estudo de caso. Os achados confirmam nossas expectativas. Em suma, durante o Governo Obama o bipartidarismo entre republicanos e democratas foi maior na política externa em comparação a política interna.
NARRATIVAS NA E DA TRADUÇÃO
Authors: Silva Marcia Moura da , Cerveira Beatriz
Published: December 2024

O presente artigo contesta uma das narrativas que dominam nossos discursos disciplinares e profissionais sobre tradução, isto é, a narrativa da tradução como um meio de promover paz, tolerância e compreensão ao possibilitar que a comunicação e o diálogo aconteçam. O artigo começa com um panorama teórico de algumas das características principais da narrativa e de suas dimensões a partir de sua definição no campo da teoria social. Em seguida, são trazidos exemplos do papel desempenhado pela tradução na construção de narrativas de paz e tolerância, justamente por “possibilitar” a comunicação. O artigo, por fim, argumenta que tradutores e pesquisadores de tradução devem resistir à tentação de romantizar excessivamente seu papel na sociedade e devem, em vez disso, reconhecer o fato de que participam de maneiras decisivas na promoção e circulação de discursos e narrativas de vários tipos — algumas promovem paz, outras incentivam conflitos, subjugam populações, e estabelecem justamente o tipo de ponte entre abismos linguísticos que permite que tais atrocidades ocorram.