bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Reviewer Acknowledgements
Authors: Yang Guiju
Published: December 2019

Journal of Biology and Life Science (JBLS) would like to thank the following reviewers for reviewing manuscripts from March 1, 2014, to August 1, 2014. Their comments and suggestions were of great help to the authors in improving the quality of their papers. Many authors, regardless of whether JBLS publishes their work, appreciate the helpful feedback provided by the reviewers. Macrothink Institute appreciates the following reviewers’ rigorous and conscientious efforts for this journal. Each of the reviewers listed below returned at least one review during this period. Adeline ChiaBharat JagannathanDevaveena DeyFazal ShiraziFernando CardonaGnanaraja RajarethinamGodswill Ntsomboh NtsefongHong ZhaoHongbo PangHossam El-Din Mohamed OmarHui XiangIvo Vaz OliveiraJinhua WuJittima CharoenpanichMuhammad AliPalmiro PoltronieriSarita PrabhakaranSubramanian KrishnanWaldiney MelloZhen Shen
Implementation and evaluation of a blood products traceability procedure in a District General Hospital
Authors: Ajeneye Francis
Published: December 2019

Aim: The study evaluated poor traceability compliance of blood products within a District General Hospital (DGH) and explored why the wards traceability compliance varied across the DGH. The study also explored risk factors that lead to poor traceability of blood products within the DGH and implemented a suitable model to improve traceability compliance.

Method: A quantitative approach was adopted. Data were collected using questionnaires, observations, and audit where data were extracted from the laboratory information management systems. A questionnaire was designed, piloted, and sent to all ward managers within the DGH, a descriptive statistic of the survey data was analyzed using statistical package SPSS (version 19, SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA).

Results: The wards with high transfusion episodes were more compliant than wards with fewer transfusion episodes in this study. Moreover, the low usage group had a significant lower compliance rate than the medium and high usage groups (p and #60; 0.001), also the study provided an insight into the variety of services delivered to the end-users of transfusion services. It highlighted a lack of training tools; poor procedures for the return of labels and the challenges faced with the portering service. Poor communication between the laboratory and end-users was identified as another issue. It was evident that although electronic tracking and paper-based methods improved traceability compliance, the cost of the two systems required further exploration.

Conclusion: The finding from this study reiterated the importance of a trained transfusion practitioner, to provide support and training to the frontline personnel involved in the collection and transfusion of blood products within the DGH. The response to these problems led to the innovative use of the air tube system to send completed transfusion tags to the blood transfusion laboratory.
Las personas frente a las grandes corporaciones en el derecho antitrust
Authors: Castrillón y Luna Victor Manuel , Ginebra Serrabou Xavier
Published: December 2019

El crecimiento exponencial de las corporaciones aunado a una política de competencia inactiva ha puesto al ciudadano en una situación de dependencia de las grandes empresas. Sólo una política activa de desarrollo de las PYME junto con un nuevo enfoque de la política de competencia puede cambiar esta situación.
Las prerrogativas o potestades exorbitantes reguladas por la ley 737, ley de contrataciones administrativas del sector público y su reglamento
Authors: Valle Bravo Kelvin Osmar
Published: December 2019

Las prerrogativas o potestades exorbitantes reguladas por la Ley No. 737, Ley de Contrataciones Administrativas del Sector Público y su Reglamento, tienen como principal objetivo proteger el interés público ínsito en cada uno de los contratos administrativos. Las anteriores normas, recogen las potestades tradicionales como la de dirección, control y supervisión, la de modificación, ampliación, suspensión, resolución y rescisión del contrato, y por último, la de imponer multas y ejecutar garantías. Sin embargo, es posible encontrar ciertas imprecisiones terminológicas, omisiones de regulación de procedimientos y contradicciones entre la Ley y el Reglamento, e incluso contradicciones dentro de los mismos instrumentos normativos. Todo lo anterior, dificulta aplicar eficientemente las potestades cuando el interés público lo exige. Por esa razón, el presente artículo trata de brindar un análisis a dichas situaciones a fin de proponer soluciones, con la finalidad de plantear propuestas de reformas a la Ley No. 737 y su Reglamento.
Comunidades de aprendizaje y su avance en la interculturalización de la educación superior en la Universidad de las Regiones Autónomas de la Costa Caribe Nicaragüense
Authors: Galo Sacasa Yader
Published: December 2019

El ensayo pretende hacer una revisión sobre el avance de la función comunidades de aprendizaje en el proceso de interculturalización de la educación superior de la URACCAN recinto Bilwi. Para ello, se realizó una descripción general de universidad, seguidamente se revisó el quehacer de la función comunidades de aprendizaje en materia de interculturalización de la educación superior y diálogo de saberes. La información se obtuvo de la revisión del informe de gestión institucional del recinto Bilwi para el 2018 y su cumplimiento con lo establecido en el plan estratégico (2015-2019). Se muestran avances significativos en materia de la interculturalización de la educación superior, mismos que pueden ser evidenciados en el marco filosófico y normativas de la universidad. En el recinto Bilwi, desde la función comunidades de aprendizaje, se procura el cumplimiento del marco filosófico, tratando de acercar las brechas de accesos y permanencia a una educación superior pertinente y de calidad entre personas de orígenes diversos. A pesar de lo anterior, se requiere continuar trabajando en la concientización del personal que labora en la institución, especialmente el personal de tiempo horario, con el fin de romper el paradigma hegemónico de las universidades convencionales en lo referente al rol del docente. De igual manera, se hace necesario continuar avanzando en la creación y recreación de nuevos saberes que beneficie tanto a las comunidades indígenas como a la universidad y la sociedad en general.
Educación superior incluyente: Experiencia de la Universidad de las Regiones Autónomas de la Costa Caribe Nicaragüense
Authors: Guillen Romero Heidi Marizel
Published: December 2019

El presente ensayo surge como reflexión de la educación superior dirigido a los pueblos indígenas y afrodescendientes, como actores principales en el desarrollo de las Universidades Interculturales, en el cual juegan un papel fundamental en la búsqueda de una conexión social, en donde se experimentan experiencias y desafíos para el desarrollo de cambios de los diferentes ámbitos que se reflejan en la manera de vivir de los pueblos, en el cual se generan en el sistema educativo al establecimiento de espacios de diálogos de saberes entre conocimientos tradicionales y científicos, cosmovisión de los pueblos y la transformación intercultural; creando nuevos espacios en la búsqueda de sociedades justas y democráticas. Por lo tanto, los aprendizajes a retomar desarrollados por la Universidad de las Regiones Autónomas de la Costa Caribe Nicaragüense (URACCAN), han creado procesos de docencia, investigación y extensión comunitaria con el cual ha permitido gestionar y generar conocimientos pertinentes en donde se implementan los conocimientos científicos y tradicionales, a través de la participación activa de estudiantes, docentes, personal administrativo, institutos y centros de investigación.
Universidad de las Regiones Autónoma de la Costa Caribe Nicaragüense y su acompañamiento Comunitario
Authors: Williams Muller Elebe
Published: December 2019

La Universidad de las Regiones Autónomas de la Costa Caribe Nicaragüense fue creada desde y para los pueblos originarios de la Costa Caribe de Nicaragua. Esto ha conllevado que, su accionar vaya en función de acompañar procesos de desarrollo; pero, también en revitalizar los conocimientos y prácticas de los pueblos que conviven en la región. Las diferentes acciones realizadas están encaminadas a: la oferta de carreras pertinentes para la región, estudiar las condiciones en que se encuentra las mujeres originarias de la región y a realizar propuestas que conlleven a una relación más equitativa en los hombres y las mujeres, monitoreo de los recursos naturales, estudio y promoción de la autonomía, revitalización de los conocimientos tradicionales que mejora la salud de los pueblos, investigación lingüística y revitalización cultural y el acompañamiento para la explotación de los recursos de manera sostenibles. Los componentes abordados desde la universidad vienen a responder a las necesidades más elementales de un pueblo y la reafirmación de su identidad, sus recursos y su cultura. Además, implica realizar procesos de acompañamiento a las autoridades regionales para una toma de decisión más consciente que vaya en función del bienestar de las personas que conviven en la Costa Caribe de Nicaragua.
La Comunicación Intercultural en la Educación Superior Intercultural, desde los Pueblos Indígenas y Afrodescendientes
Authors: Flores Carlos Manuel
Published: December 2019

El presente artículo presenta dos experiencias particulares del camino recorrido de la Red de Universidades Indígenas Interculturales y Comunitarias de Abya Yala, RUIICAY, y la Universidad de las Regiones Autónomas de la Costa Caribe Nicaragüense, URACCAN, vista desde 2 procesos: implementación del proyecto de vinculación de la comunicación intercultural y la experiencia de evaluación de las universidades en Nicaragua, en las que se evidencian ciertas características de la comunicación intercultural. El artículo pretende evidenciar buenas prácticas que, aporten a la sistematización de procesos que contribuyen a la garantía de la educación superior de sectores históricamente invisibilizados, y que no han tenido la posibilidad de compartir, practicar y revitalizar sus tradiciones y costumbres desde la colectividad.
“For Women, Life Is Right Hard”: When Frazier’s Subjects Speak for Themselves
Authors: Austin Paula C.
Published: December 2019

While Howard University sociologist E. Franklin Frazier’s sociological materials have been criticized for contributing to the pathologization of black working-class womanhood, Frazier’s interviews also offer a rich archive from which to cull the complexities of inner life that transcend the instrumental renderings of black pathology and the narrow configurations of black women’s urban migration experiences. Specifically, this archive accentuates interiority and brings into relief conceptions of self as articulated by black poor and working-class women themselves. The African American mothers interviewed for E. Franklin Frazier’s Washington, DC, interwar project on black adolescent personality development took advantage of interviewers’ listening ears, sometimes ignoring specific questions to instead share personal stories and unsolicited political ideologies and analytical frameworks. What comes through are narratives of lived experiences, thoughts, feelings, and beliefs that highlight deliberations on sex and sexuality, the institution of marriage, childbearing and childrearing, New Negro conceptualizations of gender, domesticity, and ways in which black women asserted authorial control over their bodies. These articulations suggest (and sometimes exclaim) a desire to speak, a desire for an audience, a desire to be heard and recognized, and demonstrate that black poor and working-class women had a complex, ambivalent relationship to the concepts of both double consciousness and dissemblance.
The Repast: Self and Collective Love in the Face of Black Death
Authors: Cole Haile Eshe
Published: December 2019

This essay begins with the idea and practice of the repast or repass as it has come to evolve vernacularly over the years. Traditionally, this practice of community, food, and fellowship, usually partaken after a funeral or burial ceremony, is representative of one’s ability and the necessity to continue with life in the face of the realities of death. Attacks on black life have remained a constant, with various manifestations spanning historically from the treacheries of slavery to the social inequities that form the present conditions of marginalized blackness. Racialized disparities in health, as well as the more blatant and growing incidences of police brutality, further evidence the complex proximity of black life and death. This essay argues that articulations of self and collective black love and resilience underscore the practice and meaning of the repast for black communities and also represent an important mechanism for black mental, emotional, and ultimately physical survival. Moreover, I argue that black communities are constantly participating in the repast where, in the midst of death, there is an attempt to continue to nurture and care take for oneself and others. In this way, the repast becomes a statement/ metaphor for the black condition. This article also includes a critical examination of the roles of “mothering” and “motherwork” that serve as important anchors within processes of black collective love.
Perfume of Musk in the Narrative of “One Thousand and One Night” (Alf Lailah Wa Lailah)
Authors: Ali Al-Shora Salih
Published: December 2019

This study aims at discussing in usages of Musk in fables of the Narrative of “One Thousand and One Night” (Alf Lailah Wa Lailah), and since most of fables provided in the Narrative are performed on imagination the perfumes were heading their vocabulary, for their connection with the psychological factors that form the movement of human beings. And employing musk had been strongly present in that narrative, and the narrative asserted on the people, who were employing musk were from the rich and luxurious class in the community, because of its high price, the matter that enhanced, in turn, at the author of the narrative to go on dyeing his fables related with the first class with the scent of musk to bestow upon them something of reality. This is in addition to looking at some usages of musk that were connected with myths and legends for the musk to be the ambassador between reality and imagination.
Bimanual Motor Skill in Recruitment of Forest Harvest Machine Operators
Authors: Pagnussat Millana , Hauge Theresa , Lopes Eduardo da Silva , Martins de Almeida Rosa Maria , Naldony Alana
Published: December 2019

The great complexity of the operation of wood harvesting machines and unpredictable differences of performance between operators must be reflected in the industry recruitment techniques. This work aimed to carry out an evaluation of the bimanual motor skill in candidates for the position of harvester operators using a virtual reality simulator to generate information that can contribute to and improve the selection process. The work was developed at the Forest Operators Training Center (CENFOR), at the State University of the Center–West, in Irati, PR. A sample of 12 individuals was studied and distributed into three levels of performance. The motor ability of the individuals was evaluated through the variables: »run time«, »fall direction«, and »cutting height«, assessed at different points during a 4-hour practice – 0.5; 1.0; 1.5; 2.0; 3.0 and 4.0 hours – practice in a virtual harvester simulator. The data were analyzed by variance and means, as well as compared to a Tukey test at the 5% level of significance. The individuals had a significant difference in the variables »run time« and »cutting height«, and could be accurately used to predict bimanual motor skill/performance. There was a significant gain in the performance of the operators up to 1.5 hours after the beginning of the skill test, and all those who demonstrated greater and lesser ability in the first half hour of the test maintained this behavior until the end of the training period. The virtual reality simulator can be used as a tool to assess bimanual motor skills during the selection of harvester operators.
Influence of Cutting Attachment on Noise Level Emitted by Brush Cutter during Tending of Young Forests
Authors: Naskrent Bartłomiej , Grzywiński Witold , Łukowski Adrian , Polowy Krzysztof
Published: December 2019

A brush cutter is the most frequently used equipment for tending young forests. When cutting unwanted vegetation, the operator is exposed to various harmful factors, such as: a forced body position, noise, vibrations and exhaust emissions. In this study, the impact of cutting attachment type on the noise level during tending of young pine stands was examined. The attachments used during the tests included: a wire head and cutting blades with 2, 3 and 24 cutting teeth. The research was carried out on 2–3 year old Scots pine plantations covered with three types of vegetation: herbaceous, mixed and woody. It was proven that the the wire head was the device that generated the highest level of noise. In the case of cutting blades, the number of cutting teeth was the important factor. The greater the number of teeth in the cutting blades, the lower the noise level the device produced. There was no significant influence of vegetation type on noise emission level. Based on the results, in order to minimize operators’ exposure to noise, the use of wire cutting attachment should be limited.
Asistencia personal y discapacidad intelectual: un servicio para la inclusión social | Personal assistance and disability: a service for social inclusion
Authors: Prieto Lobato Juan María , De la Rosa Gimeno Pablo , Izquieta Etulain José Luis
Published: December 2019

El servicio de asistencia personal es un servicio de ayuda personalizada para la vida independiente que se enmarca en el denominado “modelo de atención a la diversidad” y que reconoce la capacidad y el derecho de toda persona a disfrutar al máximo de su autonomía en el desarrollo de su proyecto de vida. En este trabajo se analiza una de las escasas experiencias en el territorio nacional de implantación del servicio para personas discapacidad intelectual y/o enfermedad mental grave. Utilizando una metodología cualitativa (entrevistas semiestructuradas y grupos de discusión), la investigación aporta algunas reﬂexiones respecto a la identidad del servicio, el rol de los asistentes personales, la participación de las entidades colaboradoras y la valoración que de él hacen sus gestores y sus destinatarios directos e indirectos. El cierre del texto apunta algunos retos que se han de afrontar para la extensión y consolidación del servicio.
Percepción de carga del cuidado en cuidadores informales de personas con enfermedad mental en Bogotá | Perception of the burden of care in informal caregivers of persons with mental illness in Bogotá
Authors: Amezquita Torres Franci Camila , Moreno Cano Astrid Karime
Published: December 2019

El artículo expone una investigación cualitativa de interés interpretativo; se buscó conocer la percepción sobre la labor de cuidado y síndrome de carga en cuidadores informales de personas mayores de 18 años con enfermedad mental atendidas en un centro de atención en Bogotá mediante un grupo focal y aplicación de entrevistas individuales no estructuradas. Para la interpretación de la información se abordan las categorías de carga estructural y carga individual. El cuidador informal es delegado con frecuencia por decisión familiar, ninguno cuenta con remuneración económica y su labor conlleva a que sus espacios sociales y laborales se reduzcan o anulen. Se presentan casos de cuidadores con enfermedades físicas las cuales deben sobrellevar simultáneamente con su labor produciendo tensiones a nivel emocional. Los resultados reﬂejan la pertinencia y necesidad de desarrollar acciones para el reconocimiento social y legal del cuidador junto espacios preventivos a enfermedades desencadenadas por su labor.
Síndrome de Down y envejecimiento: una nueva situación que afrontar | Down syndrome and ageing: facing a new situation
Authors: Muíño Filgueira María , Peña Díaz Sandra , Iglesias López Alba
Published: December 2019

Muíño, M. et al. (2019): “Síndrome de Down y envejecimiento: una nueva situación que afrontar”. Revista Española de Discapacidad, 7 (II): 157-164.
Biophysical methods in early drug discovery
Authors: Holdgate Geoffrey , Embrey Kevin , Milbradt Alexander , Davies Gareth
Published: December 2019

Biophysical methods such as mass spectrometry, surface plasmon resonance, nuclear magnetic resonance, and both differential scanning isothermal titration calorimetry are now well established as key components of the early drug discovery process. These approaches are used successfully for a range of activities, including assay development, primary screening, hit confirmation and detailed mechanistic characterisation of compound binding. Matching the speed, sensitivity and information content of the various techniques to the generation of critical data and information required at each phase of the drug discovery process has been key. This review describes the framework by which these methods have been applied in the drug discovery process and provides case studies to exemplify the impact.
Possible relationship between IGF-1/SnaBI genotypes and milk yield of Holstein-Friesian cows
Authors: WASIELEWSKA Małgorzata , SZATKOWSKA Iwona
Published: December 2019

The correlation between polymorphisms in the IGF-1 gene and production traits in beef cattle is well known. The effect of insulin-like growth factor on the value of milk traits is not yet adequately understood. The aim of the study was to attempt to describe the effect of IGF-1/SnaBI substitution on selected milk performance parameters of the Black-and-White variety of Holstein-Friesian cows. Three genotypes were identified: CC, CT and TT. The results showed a correlation between IGF-1/SnaBI genotypes and milk yield (highest for CC homozygotes and lowest for CT heterozygotes). No relationship could be established between the genotype and the quality characteristics of milk.
The tradition of Greek paideia in the context of contemporary discussion on axiocentrism and paidocentrism in upbringing
Authors: Melonowska Justyna
Published: December 2019

The ancient, Greek concept of upbringing, paideiia, was oriented towards full mental development of a person on one hand and – on the other – on affirming in such a way given community of political as well as civilizational purposes. Questions about its essence and significance reappear nowadays in the context of disputes on education. Two main currents are usually indicated in contemporary philosophy of upbringing: axiocentrism and paidocentrism. The first in the center of all pedagogical efforts situates community and the system of values that this community recognizes. The child is to be introduced in this axiology. Such approach may be considered traditionalist and conservative. The second current is child-centred and focused on all form of self-expression the child desires. This approach is considered as related to liberal-emancipation direction in social life. Despite all the differences between those approaches, designed didactical process is in both of them the result of a holistic thinking about human being and the philosophy of upbringing is the result of a specific philosophy of a human. In the article I tend to show this descending character od philosophical approach to upbringing, ergo how the concept of human nature as good, bad or ambivalent going through subsequent degrees of theoretical systematization end up responding to particular and detailed issues, such as physical punishments. My goal is to make comprehensible especially the traditional, conservative philosophy of upbringing (axiocentrism).
Assessment of methods for determining body weight
based on biometric dimensions in Hucul horses
Authors: Łuszczyński Jarosław , Michalak Janusz , Pieszka Magdalena
Published: December 2019

The aim of the study was to verify existing methods for determining the weight of adult Hucul horses on the basis of biometric dimensions associated with changes in the conformation of horses of this breed resulting from breeding work. The experiment was performed on 159 adult Hucul horses ≥ 3 years old (25 stallions, 23 geldings and 111 mares, including 44 barren, 23 in early pregnancy (up to the 7th month) and 43 in late pregnancy (> 7 months). Actual body weight, determined using a platform scale, was compared with the weight estimated using selected formulas and with a special measuring tape. The estimation error (%) was calculated, and it was determined whether the estimated body weight was on average over- or underestimated. The most reliable means of estimating body weight proved to be the use of the formulas of Carroll and Huntington (1988) and Sendel (1999), which non-significantly underestimated actual body weight, by an average of 7 and 8 kg, respectively, so that the error resulting from this method was 4.5%. The measuring tape was also found to be a good tool, resulting in an error not exceeding 6%, with a non-significant underestimation of actual body weight. The tendency of various methods to over - or underestimate body weight was similar irrespectively of sex and physiological state, which may indicate that the body weight of Hucul horses changes proportionally with changes in biometric dimensions. Therefore, it can be assumed that the sex and physiological state of the mare, despite their effect on body weight, need not be taken into account when developing new formulas for estimating it.
Self-Education – Old Problem, New Challenges
Authors: Ledzińska Maria
Published: December 2019

While joining a social debate about self-education, the Author turns attention to the continuity of reflection initiated by the Ancient and undertaken contemporarily by representatives of different divisions of humanities. The Author underlines, that a starting point in a process of self-education is getting to know oneself, which requires engagement of internal attention, thinking, and dialogues with one’s surroundings as well as with oneself. She proposes a thesis, that cultural changes from the turn of the twenty first century – connected with expansion of information technology – foster self-education as long as they are accompanied by self-reflection.
“The oil adventure”. A timeline exhibition at the Norwegian Petroleum Museum
Authors: Ruud Camilla
Published: December 2019

“The oil adventure” has frequently been used to designate Norway’s oil history, and this gestures to the real world of industry and politics as well as to the magical world of folktales. This article explores resemblances between a timeline exhibition on oil history at the Norwegian Petroleum Museum and narrative elements from folktales. The analysis is based on the idea of petroleum as a relational museum object that gains cultural reality through curatorially established connections. This perspective is combined with insights from folktale and literature research, as well as from museum studies and energy humanities. Norwegian authorities show few signs of wanting to restructure the country’s economy away from its reliance on fossil fuel. This article argues that the exhibition supports the governmental position by favouring continued industrial growth.
The Participatory process in public management for regional development: case of Latvia
Authors: Jekabsone Inga
Published: December 2019

In case of Latvia, formal requirements of involvement of citizens in decision-making processes at national, regional and local are defined in different legal acts. In preparation of planning documents some municipalities and public institutions are developing individual approaches to insure effective dialogue with stakeholders. Taking into account ongoing administrative territorial reform in Latvia, there is a need for more inclusive models of citizens’ participation in decision-making process in regional level. Taking into account before mentioned, the aim of the paper is to analyse the approaches of involvement of stakeholders in decision-making processes in context of regional development. In order to achieve the aim, following research methods have been used: scientific literature studies, statistical data analysis, expert survey. Main results and conclusions of the paper: the research showed that policy makers in EU using diverse approaches in more effective involvement of citizens and key stakeholders in decision-making – some of them are rather creative and could be called as good practice examples. In case of Latvia, existing approaches could be defined rather as formal engagement activities towards fulfilment of requirements of legal acts. However, in some cases public administrators showed innovative approach towards development of effective dialogue with citizens.
Food Security in Kazakhstan: Do Gender Inequalities Affect?
Authors: Nugmanova Maigul
Published: December 2019

Kazakhstan has a large reserve of natural resources to provide the food self-sufficiency with domestic production. It could be three times more than population needs. However, Kazakhstan depends on food import and the agricultural sector accounts for 5% of GDP only. The actual poverty is higher than official data indicate, and it’s about four times more in rural areas where 46% of population resides and one-fifth of the working-age population is employed. Women represent the majority among the poor and unemployed and face unequal treatment in labor market and burden of larger unpaid household workload. All of this decreases women’s purchasing power, lowering economic access to quality food. This paper examines the interaction of gender inequality and food insecurity, applying the growth constraints analysis and engendering this approach and the empirical research on Karaganda oblast. It argues that gender inequality and rural poverty are linked to high economic costs and constraints in agriculture development and food security attainment.
Enlargement of the area of the Timpton Large Igneous Province (ca. 1.75 ga) of the Siberian craton
Authors: Gladkochub D. P. , Donskaya T. V. , Ernst R. E. , Söderlund U. , Mazukabzov A. M. , Shokhonova M. N.
Published: December 2019

We present new geochronological data on dolerites from the Chaya dyke swarm of the Baikal inlier of the Siberian craton. The U‐Pb dating of baddeleyite from one dyke located at the SW end of the Chaya dyke swarm yielded an age of 1752±6 Ma, similar to the previously obtained age of a dyke in the NE end of this swarm. These ages estab‐ lish an age of 1752 Ma for a unified Chaya dyke swarm that extends for more than 200 km in the Baikal inlier of the Siberian craton. These new data confirm that the entire Chaya dyke swarm (as well as the Timpton‐Algamay and Eastern Anabar swarms) is a part of an overall radiating dyke swarm belonging to the Late Paleoproterozoic Timpton Large Igneous Province (LIP), the center of which is located in the middle section of the Vilyuy river flow. Thus, the LIP is enlarged to include the area further west in the Siberian craton.
The pre‐Vendian (640–610 ma) granite magmatism in the Central Taimyr fold belt: the final stage of the Neoproterozoic evolution of the Siberian paleocontinent active margin
Authors: Kuzmichev A. B. , Danukalova M. K. , Proskurnin V. F. , Bagaeva A. A. , Beresyuk N. I. , Gromov P. A.
Published: December 2019

Eastern part of the Central Taimyr belt is composed of Precambrian rocks penetrated by granites of the Snezhnaya complex (845–825 million years) and later overlain by mid‐Neoproterozoic sin‐ postorogenic sedimentary deposits of the Stanovaya‐Kolosova Group. Two competing concepts on the Precambrian history of the belt are dis‐ cussed. The first suggests that by the middle of the Neoproterozoic amalgamation of various terrains formed the Cen‐ tral Taimyr microcontinent, which afterwards collided with Siberia in Vendian. 2) According to the second point of view, which is shared by the authors of this article, the belt was part of the Siberian craton from at least the Mesopro‐ terozoic, and there is no suture that would separate it from the South Taimyr belt. To our surprise, during the field work in the South‐Eastern part of the Central Taimyr belt near the proposed “Vendian sutura”, assumed by the first concept, we found a granite pluton (Pregradnaya massif) intruding clastic rocks of Stanovaya‐Kolosova Group. Such setting is quite uncommon for the belt and contradicted to publications, describing the mentioned clastic rocks to overlay the granites and contain their debris. Dating of the pluton confirmed the field observations – its SRIMP zircon age has proved to be 609±2 Ma, an unusually young for this region. The pluton is located in a wide deformation zone separating the Precambrian rocks (to the northwest) and the Paleozoic deposits (to the southeast). Two minor bodies of similar porphyritic granite were found in the same zone further to the southwest, and it seemed logical to assume that a chain of Vendian granites marks boundary deformation zone. However, their dating (843±6 и 840±5 Ma) showed that they belong to Snezhnaya complex. In this paper, we discuss two Neoproterozoic magmatic ‘flare‐ups’ in the Central Taimyr Belt, which are dated at 845–825 and 640–610 Ma. Both ‘flare‐ups’ are evidenced by K‐rich per‐ aluminous granite batholiths intruded the upper crust. It is most probable that each flare‐up was related to a collision event completing an independent cycle in the evolution of the active margin of the Siberian paleocontinent.
The deep structure of the Nepa‐Peleduy arch of the Nepa‐Botuoba anteclise in the development of B.A. Sokolov's hypothesis
Authors: Marsanova M. R. , Berzin A. G.
Published: December 2019

The studies were conducted in the territory of the Nepa‐Peleduy arch (NPA) of the Nepa‐Botuoba anteclise (NBA), which is strategically important for the Russian Federation as it contains large and unique hydrocarbon fields, including those essential for the ESPO oil pipeline and the presently under‐construction Power of Siberia gas pipeline. Because the hydrocarbon potential of the sedimentary cover is largely exhausted, the aim is now to increase the regional stocks. Verifying the hypothesis of the Corresponding Member of the Russian Academy of Sciences B.A. Sokolov, stating that the allochthonous block of the crystalline basement, overlapping the aulacogen Riphean sediments, lies at the base of the NPA, would open the possibility of increasing the hydrocarbon reserves in the ‘subbasement’ formations. It would also clarify the controversial nature of the NPA deposits, which have no sediments with a high organic carbon content. In this study, we present a Hilbert transform of a time section of the common midpoint method (CDP) from a fragment of the Batholith‐1 geotraverse passing through the Katanga saddle, the NPA and the Pre‐Patom trough, as well as geophysical materials and well data from the same profile. Supporting B.A. Sokolov’s hypothesis, we confirm the existence of a relict crystalline terrane crosscut by the wells at the base of the NPA and forming the roof of the underlying lower Vendian and Riphean sediment units. Our data clearly document the position of the western side of the inverted paleorift, the thickness of the terrane and the physical characteristics of the underlying sediments. These results are justifying hydrocarbon exploration of the ‘subbasement’ sediments.
Essential Contributions of Pathologists and Laboratory Physicians Leading to the Discovery of Insulin
Authors: Wright James R.
Published: December 2019

Context.—

Frederick Banting, Charles Best, J. Bertrand Collip, and J. J. R. Macleod contributed to the discovery of insulin in 1921–1922. Recent advances in anatomic pathology, experimental pathology, and clinical pathology were necessary for the research in Toronto, Ontario, Canada, to begin and to succeed.

Objective.—

To explore the role of pathology and laboratory medicine in laying the foundation for the discovery of insulin.

Design.—

Available primary and secondary historical sources were reviewed.

Results.—

During a 3-decade period, pathologists, through autopsy pathology and experimental animal studies, were able to provide solid evidence that the pancreatic islets were the source of the internal secretion responsible for proper carbohydrate metabolism. Banting, a surgeon with no previous research experience, read about these studies in a case report with an extensive literature review by pathologist Moses Barron; this piqued Banting's interest and caused him to approach Macleod, a Toronto physiology professor, with an idea that initiated the research. Advances in clinical laboratory medicine, which allowed them to measure blood glucose levels using small blood volumes, were critical to their success.

Conclusions.—

By 1921–1922, the pieces necessary to solve the puzzle were available. The primary reason that the time was ripe for the discovery was the contributions of pathologists and laboratory physicians in the preceding 3 decades. As the 100th anniversary approaches, our profession can take pride in its important contributions to the discovery of insulin, which is broadly recognized as one of the most important medical research advances of the 20th century.
El arte paleolítico en el cine = Paleolithic Art in Cinema
Authors: Lombo Montañés Alberto
Published: December 2019

El artículo investiga la difusión del arte paleolítico en el cine, desde R.F.D 10000 BC (1916) de Willis O’Brien a Alpha de Albert Hughes (2018). Establece una metodología para clasificar y estudiar el «arte paleolítico fílmico» en tres tipos: creado, recreado y reproducido. Se analiza la cronología de los tipos, los referentes (Lascaux, Altamira y Chauvet), los temas, las funciones y los significados. Se observa una tendencia al realismo que acerca el «arte paleolítico fílmico» al «arte paleolítico científico».AbstractThe aim of this article is to investigate the spread of Palaeolithic art in the cinema, from R.F.D 10000 BC (1916) of Willis O’Brien to Alpha of Albert Hughes (2018). A methodology to classify and study the film «Palaeolithic art» is established in three aspects: the created art, the recreated art and its reproduction. The chronology of these types is analysed; as well as their references (Chauvet, Lascaux and Altamira), items, functions and meanings. There is a tendency to the realism that approaches from the «filmed Palaeolithic art» to the scientific «Palaeolithic art».
¿Castros o fortalezas? una revisión cronológica y funcional del Castiello de Fozana (Siero, Asturias) a través de sus materiales cerámicos = Hillforts or Fortress? A Chronological and Practical Revision of Fozana Casttle (Siero, Asturias) thought the Study of the Pottery Materials
Authors: Menendez Bueyes Luis Ramon , Fanjul Peraza Alfonso , Arguelles Álvarez Patricia , Vega Almazán Diana
Published: December 2019

Desde su descubrimiento en 1957, el Pico Castiello de Fozana ha sido interpretado como uno de los principales castros del centro de Asturias. La presencia de fragmentos de terra sigillata en relación con otras piezas toscas, a mano, típicamente del periodo medieval hace necesaria una revisión mediante el estudio de estas piezas, que hacen que este denominado «castro», pudiera tener una fortificación vinculada a otra realizad, más cerca de establecimientos fortificados en la tardo antigüedad con un origen medieval. En este estudio se analiza la colección de piezas cerámicas de Fozana para ofrecer nuevos datos cronológicos en su contexto cultural, siguiendo posibles paralelismos existentes en este tipo de depósitos del Norte de la Península Ibérica.AbstractSince its discovery in 1957, we have interpreted the Picu Castiello of Fozana as one of the great forts from the center of Asturias. The presence of some sigillata ceramic fragments appeared in collusion with some typically medieval period and other thick hand forms. It is required a thorough review of the small set of materials to the suspicion, that like other so-called «hill-forts», we were fortified to a different reality, closer to the fortified settlements of late antiquity and the origin of the Middle ages. In this paper we analyze the physical pottery collection of Fozana proposing a new chronological and cultural context, following in parallel the existing problems regarding this type of deposits in Northern Iberia.
O Compêndio de Álgebra para o 3.º ciclo liceal (1950): reflexões em torno das críticas à sua aprovação
Authors: Almeida Mária Cristina
Published: December 2019

Este trabajo se sitúa en el ámbito de la historia de la educación matemática, perspectiva que permite profundizar el conocimiento sobre la enseñanza e aprendizaje de las matemáticas. Así, nos enfocamos en el libro único de Álgebra para el 3º ciclo de los liceos, aprobado en 1950, en el intento de comprender mejor la polémica en torno a su aprobación y la discusión sobre la enseñanza del análisis infinitesimal en este ciclo de enseñanza. En un primer momento, describimos algunas opiniones retiradas de artículos editados en revistas pedagógicas y científicas sobre el mismo. En nuestro estudio, realizamos un análisis comparativo de dos versiones distintas del Compendio de Álgebra con el propósito de verificar la existencia de alteraciones en el contenido. En este artículo, presentamos el resultado de ese análisis, así como una reflexión sobre las modificaciones encontradas que fue elaborada desde el punto de vista del desarrollo del conocimiento profesional del profesor. Las fuentes que constituyeron la base de este trabajo fueron Diarios de Gobierno, revistas pedagógicas y científicas, los Compendios de Álgebra para el 3º ciclo de los liceos y entrevistas con el autor António Augusto Lopes (1917-2015).
Giuseppe Bottai e il rinovamento fascista dell’università italiana (1936-1942)
Authors: Morente Valero Francisco
Published: December 2019

Reseña del libro: Luigiaurelio Pomante. Giuseppe Bottai e il rinovamento fascista dell’università italiana (1936-1942) (Milano: Franco Angeli, 2018)
La historia de la educación matemática en Iberoamérica
Authors: Carrillo Gallego Dolores , Matos José Manuel , Sánchez Jiménez Encarna , Rodrigues Valente Wagner
Published: December 2019

Presentación del monográfico La historia de la educación matemática en Iberoamérica
Las imbricaciones políticas entre la participación ciudadana e Internet
Authors: Castellanos Claramunt Jorge
Published: December 2019

En este articulo el autor trata de mostrar las relaciones directas que se establecen entre las posibilidades que ofrece Internet y una mejora participativa. La participación ciudadana es un elemento básico en toda construcción democrática, por lo que utilizar las herramientas disponibles con el crecimiento de Internet resulta una cuestión crucial para el progreso democrático. Obviamente la relación con las redes sociales también es ampliamente comentada y estudiada, reflexionando sobre si los avances políticos que conllevan son suficientes para la mejor convivencia colectiva o si, por el contrario, se trata de una proyección de avances aparentes. Finalmente se analiza la cuestión relativa al voto electrónico como paradigma de proceso participativo online destacando sus aspectos positivos y, especialmente, los perjuicios democráticos que conlleva.
Gobernanza de los macrodatos y democracia representativa
Authors: Betzu Marco , Coinu Giovanni , Demuro Gianmario
Published: December 2019

El fenómeno de los macrodatos tiene un impacto significativo en el ámbito político-institucional y en los canales tradicionales de representación política. La última elección presidencial de los Estados Unidos es una prueba clara. La campaña electoral que permitió a Trump llegar a la Presidencia es solo el último ejemplo que muestra cómo el uso de los datos está cambiando la relación entre ciudadanos e instituciones. Sin embargo, sería erróneo pensar que el fenómeno mencionado se limita a la realidad de los Estados Unidos. Los macrodatos, como se ha destacado en la literatura, difieren de los datos tradicionales (o datos pequeños) para tres características principales, las llamadas 3V: volumen, velocidad y variedad. El impacto en el lado de las instituciones políticas es considerable, y está determinado sobre todo por la fuerte capacidad predictiva como característica típica de la utilización de los macrodatos. El procesamiento de una gran cantidad de datos termina en una imagen cercana y confiable de lo que sucederá, donde los pequeños datos más tradicionales siempre se han caracterizado por la inexactitud y el desorden. Esto es lo que se aplica a la minería de datos (es decir, el conjunto de técnicas y metodologías destinadas a extraer información de grandes cantidades de datos). En una fase en la que el circuito de representación política parece estar afectado por una crisis irreversible, los macrodatos corren el riesgo de transfigurar la relación entre ciudadanos e instituciones y merece un análisis profundo.
El sistema electoral italiano: lo que el legislador hace, el Tribunal lo deshace
Authors: Cecili Marco
Published: December 2019

En este escrito se analiza el controvertido régimen electoral de Italia en los últimos cinco años. Después de la importante decisión 1 de 2014 de la Corte costituzionale, el sistema electoral italiano se encontró entre los más inestables, al declararse inconstitucional dos veces la ley electoral. Lasúltimas elecciones se han llevado a cabo a través de un sistema mixto que ha provocado un estancamiento en la formación del gobierno. La nueva ley electoral ha sido objeto de crítica desde diferentes sectores y parece ser transitoria, en espera de un nuevo y codiciado equilibrio político.
¿Populismos y soberanismos versus Unión Europea? Reflexiones sobre la crisis de la democracia y la crisis del proceso de integración europea
Authors: Rodomonte Maria Grazia
Published: December 2019

El populismo y el soberanismo se han convertido ya en la aproximación casi inevitable para las reflexiones recurrentes sobre la crisis de la democracia y la crisis del proceso de integración europea. Si bien a menudo se los considera como dos caras del mismo fenómeno y generalmente utilizados en un sentido despectivo, se caracterizan por la incerteza definitoria y la ambigüedad. Esto deja en evidencia que, de hecho, mucho más fructífero que un uso a menudo poco crítico y engañoso de los dos neologismos es más bien un intento de entender qué hay detrás de la crisis de las democracias contemporáneas y del proceso de integración europea. En su ensayo, la autora concluye que algunos fenómenos degenerativos presentes hoy en el contexto europeo son un signo de la exigencia de espacio y de escucha de los “pueblos” y de los ciudadanos europeos; del imperativo, por tanto, de restablecer los hilos (hace tiempo interrumpidos) del diálogo necesario entre el pueblo, con sus necesidades, y las instituciones y los partidos, nacionales y europeos, llamados, por su parte, a dar respuestas adecuadas. Sin embargo, de este diálogo parece carente la Unión Europea precisamente debido a ciertos límites “genéticos” que la distinguen y que sólo pueden lograrse situando a los ciudadanos en el centro de los procesos de toma de decisiones, tanto a través de la potenciación de los instrumentos participativos como de cambios institucionales válidos destinados, en particular, a reconducir las decisiones dentro de sedes caracterizadas por un vínculo de responsabilidad hacia los “soberanos”.
Årsagssætninger med fordi i (formelt) dansk talesprog
Authors: Gregersen Sune
Published: December 2019

Artiklen undersøger fordi-sætningers form og funktion i formelt dansk talesprog, nærmere bestemt dansk som det tales under møder i Folketinget. Undersøgelsen viser at ’hovedsætningsordstilling’ (V2) er langt hyppigere end ’ledsætningsordstilling’ (V3) og dermed ikke blot et kendetegn for uformelt talesprog, og at fordi kan indlede spørgesætninger (fx fordi hvad handler det om i skrøbelige stater?). Desuden undersøges det ved hjælp af en fireleddet typologi over årsagssætninger i hvor høj grad der er en sammenhæng mellem fordi-sætningens betydning og valget mellem V2 og V3.