bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Modeling of the High-velocity Jet Powered by the Massive Star MWC 349A
Authors: Martínez-Henares Antonio , Jiménez-Serra Izaskun , Martín-Pintado Jesús , Huélamo Nuria , Prasad Sirina , Zhang Qizhou , Moran James , Cao Yue , Báez-Rubio Alejandro
Published: September 2023

MWC 349A is a massive star with a well-known circumstellar disk rotating following a Keplerian law, and an ionized wind launched from the disk surface. Recent observations with the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) carried out toward this system, however, have revealed an additional high-velocity component in the strong, maser emission of hydrogen radio recombination lines (RRLs), suggesting the presence of a high-velocity ionized jet. In this work, we present 3D non-LTE radiative transfer modeling of the emission of the H30α and H26α maser lines, and of their associated radio continuum emission, toward MWC 349A. By using the MORELI code, we reproduce the spatial distribution and kinematics of the high-velocity emission of the H30α and H26α maser lines with a high-velocity ionized jet expanding at a velocity of ∼250 km s−1, surrounded by MWC 349A’s wide-angle ionized wind. The bipolar jet, which is launched from MWC 349A’s disk, is poorly collimated and slightly misaligned with respect to the disk rotation axis. Thanks to the unprecedented sensitivity and spatial accuracy provided by ALMA, we also find that the already known, wide-angle ionized wind decelerates as it expands radially from the ionized disk. We briefly discuss the implications of our findings for understanding the formation and evolution of massive stars. Our results show the huge potential of RRL masers as powerful probes of the innermost ionized regions around massive stars and of their high-velocity jets.
Eruptivity Criteria for Solar Coronal Flux Ropes in Magnetohydrodynamic and Magnetofrictional Models
Authors: Rice Oliver E. K. , Yeates Anthony R.
Published: September 2023

We investigate which scalar quantity or quantities can best predict the loss of equilibrium and subsequent eruption of magnetic flux ropes in the solar corona. Our models are initialized with a potential magnetic arcade, which is then evolved by means of two effects on the lower boundary: first, a gradual shearing of the arcade, modeling differential rotation on the solar surface; and second, supergranular diffusion. These result in flux cancellation at the polarity inversion line and the formation of a twisted flux rope. We use three model setups: full magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) in cartesian coordinates, and the magnetofrictional (MF) model in both cartesian and polar coordinates. The flux ropes are translationally invariant, allowing for very fast computational times and thus a comprehensive parameter study, comprising hundreds of simulations and thousands of eruptions. Similar flux rope behavior is observed using either magnetofriction or MHD, and there are several scalar criteria that could be used as proxies for eruptivity. The most consistent predictor of eruptions in either model is the squared current in the axial direction of the rope, normalized by the relative helicity, although a variation on the previously proposed eruptivity index is also found to perform well in both the MF and MHD simulations.
CMR Exploration. II. Filament Identification with Machine Learning
Authors: Xu Duo , Kong Shuo , Kaul Avichal , Arce Héctor G. , Ossenkopf-Okada Volker
Published: September 2023

We adopt magnetohydrodynamic simulations that model the formation of filamentary molecular clouds via the collision-induced magnetic reconnection (CMR) mechanism under varying physical conditions. We conduct radiative transfer using radmc-3d to generate synthetic dust emission of CMR filaments. We use the previously developed machine-learning technique casi-2d along with the diffusion model to identify the location of CMR filaments in dust emission. Both models show a high level of accuracy in identifying CMR filaments in the test data set, with detection rates of over 80% and 70%, respectively, at a false detection rate of 5%. We then apply the models to real Herschel dust observations of different molecular clouds, successfully identifying several high-confidence CMR filament candidates. Notably, the models are able to detect high-confidence CMR filament candidates in Orion A from dust emission, which have previously been identified using molecular line emission.
HST UV Spectroscopy of the Dwarf Starburst Galaxy Pox 186
Authors: Rogers Noah S. J. , Scarlata Claudia M. , Skillman Evan D. , Eggen Nathan R. , Jaskot Anne E. , Mehta Vihang , Cannon John M.
Published: September 2023

Studying the galaxies responsible for reionization is often conducted through local reionization-era analogs; however, many of these local analogs are too massive to be representative of the low-mass star-forming galaxies that are thought to play a dominant role in reionization. The local, low-mass dwarf starburst galaxy Pox 186 is one such system with physical conditions representative of a reionization-era starburst galaxy. We present deep ultraviolet (UV) spectroscopy of Pox 186 to study its stellar population and ionization conditions and to compare these conditions to other local starburst galaxies. The new Cosmic Origins Spectrograph data are combined with archival observations to cover ∼1150–2000 Å and allow for an assessment of Pox 186's stellar population, the relative enrichment of C and O, and the escape of ionizing photons. We detect significant Lyα and low-ionization state absorption features, indicative of previously undetected neutral gas in Pox 186. The C/O relative abundance, log(C/O) = −0.62 ± 0.02, is consistent with other low-metallicity dwarf galaxies and suggests a comparable star formation history in these systems. We compare UV line ratios in Pox 186 to those of dwarf galaxies and photoionization models, and we find excellent agreement for the ratios utilizing the intense C iii], O iii], and double-peaked C iv lines. However, the UV and optical He ii emission is faint and distinguishes Pox 186 from other local starburst dwarf galaxies. We explore mechanisms that could produce faint He ii, which have implications for the low-mass reionization-era galaxies that may have similar ionization conditions.
Figure Rotation of IllustrisTNG Halos
Authors: Ash Neil , Valluri Monica
Published: September 2023

We use the TNG50 and TNG50 dark matter (DM)-only simulations from the IllustrisTNG simulation suite to conduct an updated survey of halo figure rotation in the presence of baryons. We develop a novel methodology to detect coherent figure rotation about an arbitrary axis and for arbitrary durations, and we apply it to a catalog of 1577 DM halos from the DM-only run and 1396 DM halos from the DM+baryons (DM+B) run that are free of major mergers. Figure rotation was detected in 94% of DM-only halos and 82% of the DM+B halos. The pattern speeds of rotations lasting ≳1h
−1 Gyr were log-normally distributed with medians of 0.25 h km s−1 kpc−1 for DM-only in agreement with past results, but 14% higher at 0.29 h km s−1 kpc−1 in the DM+B halos. We find that rotation axes are typically aligned with the halo minor or major axis in 57% of DM-only halos and in 62% of DM+B halos. The remaining rotation axes were not strongly aligned with any principal axis but typically lie in the plane containing the halo minor and major axes. Longer-lived rotations showed greater alignment with the halo minor axis in both simulations. Our results show that, in the presence of baryons, figure rotation is marginally less common, shorter-lived, faster, and better aligned with the minor axis than in DM-only halos. This updated understanding will be consequential for future efforts to constrain figure rotation in the Milky Way dark halo using the morphology and kinematics of tidal streams.
X-Ray Detection of the Galaxy’s Missing Baryons in the Circumgalactic Medium of L* Galaxies
Authors: Nicastro Fabrizio , Krongold Y. , Fang T. , Fraternali F. , Mathur S. , Bianchi S. , De Rosa A. , Piconcelli E. , Zappacosta L. , Bischetti M. , Feruglio C. , Gupta A. , Zhou Z.
Published: September 2023

The number of baryons hosted in the disks of galaxies is lower than expected based on the mass of their dark matter halos and the fraction of baryon-to-total matter in the Universe, giving rise to the so-called galaxy missing-baryon problem. The presence of cool circumgalactic matter gravitationally bound to its galaxy’s halo up to distances of at least 10 times the size of the galaxy’s disk mitigates the problem but is far from being sufficient for its solution. It has instead been suggested that the galaxy’s missing baryons may hide in a much hotter gaseous phase of the circumgalactic medium, possibly near the halo virial temperature and coexisting with the cool phase. Here we exploit the best available X-ray spectra of known cool circumgalactic absorbers of L* galaxies to report the first direct high statistical significance (best estimates ranging from 4.2σ to 5.6σ, depending on fitting methodology) detection of associated O vii absorption in the stacked XMM-Newton and Chandra spectra of three quasars. We show that these absorbers trace the hot medium in the X-ray halo of these systems at logT(in K) ≃ 5.8–6.3 (comprising the halo virial temperature T
vir ≃ 106 K). We estimate masses of the X-ray halo within one virial radius within the interval

M

hot
−
CGM

≃

(
1
–
1.7
)
×

10

11

(
Z

/

0.3

Z

⊙

)

−
1

M
⊙. For these systems, this corresponds to galaxy missing-baryon fractions in the range

ξ

b

=

M

hot
−
CGM

/

M

missing

≃

(
0.7
–
1.2
)
(
Z

/

0.3

Z

⊙

)

−
1

, thus potentially closing the galaxy baryon census in typical L* galaxies. Our measurements contribute significantly to the solution of the long-standing galaxy missing-baryon problem and to the understanding of the continuous cycle of baryons in-and-out of galaxies throughout the life of the Universe.
Potential Atmospheric Compositions of TRAPPIST-1 c Constrained by JWST/MIRI Observations at 15 μm
Authors: Lincowski Andrew P. , Meadows Victoria S. , Zieba Sebastian , Kreidberg Laura , Morley Caroline , Gillon Michaël , Selsis Franck , Agol Eric , Bolmont Emeline , Ducrot Elsa , Hu Renyu , Koll Daniel D. B. , Lyu Xintong , Mandell Avi , Suissa Gabrielle , Tamburo Patrick
Published: September 2023

The first James Webb Space Telescope observations of TRAPPIST-1 c showed a secondary eclipse depth of 421 ± 94 ppm at 15 μm, which is consistent with a bare rock surface or a thin, O2-dominated, low-CO2 atmosphere. Here we further explore potential atmospheres for TRAPPIST-1 c by comparing the observed secondary eclipse depth to synthetic spectra of a broader range of plausible environments. To self-consistently incorporate the impact of photochemistry and atmospheric composition on atmospheric thermal structure and predicted eclipse depth, we use a two-column climate model coupled to a photochemical model and simulate O2-dominated, Venus-like, and steam atmospheres. We find that a broader suite of plausible atmospheric compositions are also consistent with the data. For lower-pressure atmospheres (0.1 bar), our O2–CO2 atmospheres produce eclipse depths within 1σ of the data, consistent with the modeling results of Zieba et al. However, for higher-pressure atmospheres, our models produce different temperature–pressure profiles and are less pessimistic, with 1–10 bar O2, 100 ppm CO2 models within 2.0σ–2.2σ of the measured secondary eclipse depth and up to 0.5% CO2 within 2.9σ. Venus-like atmospheres are still unlikely. For thin O2 atmospheres of 0.1 bar with a low abundance of CO2 (∼100 ppm), up to 10% water vapor can be present and still provide an eclipse depth within 1σ of the data. We compared the TRAPPIST-1 c data to modeled steam atmospheres of ≤3 bars, which are 1.7σ–1.8σ from the data and not conclusively ruled out. More data will be required to discriminate between possible atmospheres or more definitively support the bare rock hypothesis.
Socioeconomic Difference and Adequate Antenatal Care in Indonesia: Evidence from a Nationwide Household Survey
Authors: Suparmi Suparmi , Afifah Tin , Masitoh Siti , Oktarina Oktarina , Sulistiyowati Ning , Nugraheny Esti , Ulfa Yunefit , Mikrajab Muhammad Agus , Purwatiningsih Yuni , Lestyoningrum Sinta Dewi , Laksmi Made Diah Permata , Mahmudah Laila
Published: September 2023

BACKGROUND: Inadequate antenatal care (ANC) has been identified as a risk factor for poor pregnancy outcomes in low-income nations. The World Health Organization recommends adequate ANC for a minimum of eight visits. While universal health coverage has been implemented since 2014, Indonesia as fourth largest populous country encounters challenge on socioeconomic disparities.
AIM: This study aims to explore the socioeconomic difference of adequate ANC in Indonesia.
METHODS: Data from the Indonesia Demographic and Health Survey 2017 was used for the analysis and includes 15,313 mothers age 15–49 who had a last live birth in the 5 years preceding the survey. Multivariate logistic regression was employed to assess correlation between socioeconomic status and adequate ANC.
RESULTS: About 20.8% of mothers had adequate ANC and the proportion ranging between 11.4% in the poorest group and 34.5% in the richest group. Poorest (adjusted odds ratio [AOR]: 0.68; 95% CI: 0.54–0.86) and poorer (AOR 0.79; 95% CI: 0.64–0.97) mothers are less likely to have adequate ANC compared to the richest mothers. In addition, mothers who lived in Java-Bali region, had better knowledge on danger sign of pregnancy, exposed to internet every day, health insurance ownerships, and having ANC at health facilities were more likely to have adequate ANC.
CONCLUSION: Socioeconomic status was significantly associated with adequate ANC, where inequality was profound among poor mothers. Therefore, specific intervention to expand universal health coverage for poor mothers is essential to reduce socioeconomic disparities.
L’influence de l’évaluation des politiques publiques sur les apprentissages organisationnels : une étude sur les collectivités françaises
Authors: Maurel Christophe , Carassus David , Pouzacq Nicolas
Published: September 2023

Les pratiques d’évaluations de politiques publiques se développent sur les plans règlementaires et volontaires à l’échelle locale (Boutaud 2015). Cependant, les effets en termes d’apprentissages pour les structures concernées ne sont pas bien maîtrisés. En distinguant des apprentissages cognitifs, culturels et structurels, nous nous interrogeons ainsi sur les modalités des évaluations (au travers de facteurs intrinsèques et contextuels) qui favorisent les apprentissages dans les collectivités. Pour répondre à cette problématique, un questionnaire a été adressé aux collectivités françaises. Les régressions linéaires réalisées sur la base de 300 réponses mettent alors en évidence des caractéristiques influençant les trois types d’apprentissages identifiés. Ces résultats permettent au final de formuler des recommandations managériales pour favoriser ces apprentissages organisationnels.
« Sois gentil avec le crabe monstrueux »
Authors: Ben Soussan Patrick
Published: September 2023

Les grandes recommandations, classiques de l’orthodoxie des « psys », qu’ils soient psychanalystes ou psychothérapeutes, psychiatres ou psychologues, sont connues : il faut savoir, avec ses patients, distance garder. La déontologie le martèle, il y aurait transgression, la règle est à l’abstention. Je poserai pourtant ici un impératif si peu subversif : il faut aimer ses patients. Tous les mots sont toisés : « il faut », « aimer », « ses », « patients ». Inventaire suit.
Les fonctions de la hauteur-note dans les écritures instrumentales du son complexe : approche théorique et analytique
Authors: Lienhard Camille
Published: September 2023

Au cours du xx e siècle, la musique savante a étendu sa pensée à l’échelle du timbre, mais n’a pourtant pas renoncé au solfège et à la lutherie classiques. Dans une mesure substantielle, elle a même établi de nouvelles écritures instrumentales au sein desquelles la « hauteur-note » – concept acoustique et symbolique fondateur de la musique occidentale – ne disparaît pas, mais opère la médiation de phénomènes sonores complexes : masses, textures, spectres, timbres, etc. Cet article décrit cette mutation fonctionnelle en définissant, d’une part, les conditions de subversion des fonctions structurantes classiques de la hauteur-note à partir des données de la psychoacoustique et, d’autre part, en catégorisant ses nouvelles fonctions médiatrices par une analogie avec les techniques de la synthèse électroacoustique. Il devient alors possible d’envisager une représentation analytique applicable à l’ensemble des écritures instrumentales du son complexe et, plus largement, de saisir l’unité épistémologique et historique sous-jacente à un paysage esthétique apparemment fragmenté.
ARTICLE RETIRÉ : Les débuts de l’enseignement médical en AOF ( xix e - xx e siècle)
Authors: Kanté Mody
Published: September 2023

Au début du xx e  siècle, face à l’importance de la morbidité et de la mortalité en Afrique subsaharienne, les autorités coloniales françaises comprennent qu’il faut associer les autochtones pour une meilleure prise en charge des problèmes sanitaires. C’est dans cette perspective que l’arrêté du 8 février 1905, du gouverneur général Ernest Roume, institue le service de l’Assistance médicale indigène en Afrique Occidentale Française, sur le modèle de celle établie à Madagascar et en Indochine française. Pour seconder les médecins coloniaux par des auxiliaires plus qualifiés que les infirmiers indigènes , les autorités coloniales ont d’abord eu recours aux aides-médecins destinés à être employés dans l’assistance médicale. Leur corps est créé par l’arrêté du 7 janvier 1906 du gouverneur général Roume. Mais cette initiative est interrompue par le déclenchement de la Grande Guerre. En octobre 1916, le gouverneur général Gabriel Louis Angoulvant jette les bases d’un enseignement à visée médicale au Sénégal, en créant une section préparatoire aux études médicales à l’École primaire supérieure Faidherbe de l’île de Gorée. Cette mesure porte ses fruits, en 1918, avec l’ouverture de l’École de médecine de Dakar. Cet article analyse l’assistance médicale aux autochtones avec la création du corps d’aides-médecins et les débats autour de la fondation d’un établissement médical en AOF.
Enseignement de l’arabe au Maroc, enseigner l’arabe en France : réciprocité et enjeux diplomatiques dans les relations culturelles franco-marocaines
Authors: Taïf Soufiane
Published: September 2023

À travers une approche sociohistorique fondée sur la consultation d’archives diplomatiques durant la période 1957-1990, l’objectif de cet article est de montrer comment la coopération diplomatique entre deux États permet la circulation d’un modèle pédagogique. La réciprocité, inscrite dans les conventions bilatérales prône l’adaptation des programmes et leurs conformités avec les enseignements locaux. À cet égard, l’enseignement de la langue arabe en France et dans les établissements français au Maroc s’avère être une étude de cas pertinente. Tout en instaurant des cours d’arabe dans les établissements français au Maroc, les autorités diplomatiques françaises ne peuvent répondre aux volontés marocaines d’établir des établissements marocains en France. Les négociations entre les différents ministères n’aboutissent pas en raison d’un manque de moyens financier, matériel et humain qui conduit à la mise en place du programme d’Enseignement des Langues et Cultures d’Origine (ELCO).
L’éducation des femmes : une priorité de la mission civilisatrice. Premières expériences protestantes en Chine au xix e siècle
Authors: Boeri Alice
Published: September 2023

L’article s’appuie sur l’analyse des sources imprimées missionnaires publiées au milieu du xix e  siècle afin de mettre en exergue certaines questions liées à la création d’écoles missionnaires dédiées à l’éducation des filles en Chine. L’éducation des femmes était considérée par les missionnaires comme essentielle pour le « progrès » du pays. Nous verrons les stratégies adoptées par les missionnaires protestantes, qui ont parfois adapté leurs propres outils et coutumes pour avoir plus de chances de succès. Les indices contenus dans les témoignages de ces missionnaires permettent également de reconstituer certains aspects du curriculum envisagé pour les jeunes filles, et ainsi de comprendre quelles connaissances étaient considérées comme « utiles » pour leur formation.
Les disparus de la guerre d’Algérie (1954-1962)
Authors: Laribi Soraya
Published: September 2023

Durant la guerre d’Algérie (1954-1962), l’usage extensif d’une arme de terreur qui ne disait pas encore son nom, à savoir la « disparition forcée », expression onusienne forgée en 1978, a abouti à l’effacement des traces de nombreuses victimes directes. Ces dernières se sont ajoutées aux milliers de pertes militaires et civiles du fait des « opérations de maintien de l’ordre » et, plus largement, de la situation de periculum mortis . Leurs familles et leurs proches, les victimes collatérales en proie à un deuil traumatique, vont porter la mémoire de celles et de ceux dont les corps n’ont pas été retrouvés ou identifiés. Après avoir longtemps été mise sous le boisseau et déconsidérée, l’épineuse question des disparus de la guerre d’Algérie devient un enjeu politique et mémoriel, dans un contexte où le droit international dessine progressivement un cadre législatif visant à condamner l’emploi de la disparition forcée.
La mauvaise foi en droit des marques : retour sur le blockbuster de l’été 2022
Authors: Pené Gwendal
Published: September 2023

L’année 2022 aura permis au Tribunal de l’Union européenne de continuer son oeuvre s’agissant de l’application de la notion de mauvaise foi en droit des marques. La présente contribution se propose de revenir sur trois arrêts particulièrement importants, permettant d’illustrer l’importance grandissante de la notion dans la pratique .
La République En Marche et les élections municipales de 2020 : entre affirmation et invisibilité partisanes
Authors: Lefebvre Rémi
Published: September 2023

L’article analyse la manière dont La République En Marche a mis en avant ou/et occulté l’étiquette de ses candidats aux élections municipales de 2020. Les candidats du parti présidentiel cherchent à occulter leur appartenance partisane, coûteuse politiquement, mais ne peuvent se soustraire à une forme de visibilité partisane. Dans la première phase de la campagne, le processus de sélection des candidats confère une forte publicité à leur affiliation politique. Faute de structures locales et pour contrôler le processus, LREM a en effet décidé de procéder à la distribution des investitures de manière très centralisée en la confiant à une commission nationale. Les candidats « marcheurs » ont par ailleurs été fortement rappelés à l’ordre de leur identité partidaire, notamment par leurs adversaires. Les candidats sont tiraillés dans leurs communes entre des injonctions et contraintes contradictoires. Entre affirmation et invisibilité partisanes, la direction nationale, tout comme les têtes de listes, cherchent ainsi à construire un optimum territorial de discrétion partisane.
Prendre parti pour la coca. De l’action collective au village à la mobilisation en faveur du MAS
Authors: Busnel Romain
Published: September 2023

Partant du suivi ethnographique d’une mobilisation paysanne dans le Tropique de Cochabamba (Bolivie), l’article interroge les formes d’attachement des cultivateurs de coca au Mouvement vers le socialisme ( Movimiento al socialismo , MAS). En plaçant la discrétion des arrangements autour de cette culture controversée au cœur des relations entre le parti, sa branche syndicale et les populations paysannes de la région, il montre les continuités existantes entre « l’action collective au village » et les formes plus exceptionnelles de mobilisation « dans la rue ». En s’inspirant des travaux de Thomas Clay Arnold, l’article propose de conceptualiser ce continuum et l’attachement partisan qui en découle en termes d’économie morale. Celle-ci tourne autour du « bien social » de la coca, fédérant les collectivités villageoises autour du parti autant qu’il trouble leur rapport au politique et à la légalité.
Structures et fonctions des systèmes d’évaluation complexes : comparaison de six pays d’Europe centrale et orientale
Authors: Kupiec Tomasz , Wojtowicz Dominika , Olejniczak Karol
Published: September 2023

La pratique de l’évaluation est essentielle pour la responsabilisation et l’apprentissage des administrations qui mettent en œuvre des politiques complexes. Cet article explore les relations entre les structures des systèmes d’évaluation et leurs fonctions. Les conclusions sont basées sur une analyse comparative de six systèmes nationaux chargés d’évaluer la politique de cohésion de l’Union européenne. L’étude identifie trois types de structures de système d’évaluation : centralisées avec une seule unité d’évaluation, décentralisées avec un organe de coordination et décentralisées sans organe de coordination. Ces systèmes diffèrent en termes d’orientation thématique des évaluations et d’utilisateurs ciblés. Les systèmes décentralisés se concentrent sur les utilisateurs internes des connaissances et produisent principalement des études opérationnelles ; leur fonction principale est l’apprentissage orienté vers l’intérieur pour une mise en œuvre harmonieuse du programme. Les systèmes centralisés remplissent une fonction plus stratégique, et tiennent compte du public externe et de la responsabilité externe des effets. Remarques à l’intention des praticiens Les praticiens qui conçoivent des systèmes d’évaluation multi-organisationnels doivent garder à l’esprit que leur structure et leurs fonctions sont interdépendantes. Si l’on vise à la fois l’imputabilité et l’apprentissage, le système d’évaluation a besoin d’un degré minimum de décentralisation d’une part, et de la présence d’un organe de coordination actif et indépendant d’autre part.
Feasibility of a Mindfulness Education Module for Nurses: An Evidence-Based Practice Project
Authors: Looper Emily Marie , Gleason Palmer , Newnam Katherine , Talbott Elizabeth , Rouch Taylor M.
Published: September 2023

Nurse burnout is a well-defined problem that has been exacerbated by the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic and negatively affects nurses' mental health, nursing shortages, patient safety, and quality of care. Evidence shows that mindfulness is an effective strategy for managing stress and decreasing burnout among nurses. This article describes an evidence-based practice project that translated this evidence into practice via a vetted mindfulness educational intervention for nurses on a pulmonary medicine unit and a medical intensive care unit. The goal of this project was to assess the feasibility of this educational intervention, processes, and outcomes with the goal to extend the project hospital-wide. Preintervention levels of nurse burnout were assessed using the validated Copenhagen Burnout Inventory. For both units, personal and work-related burnout were in the moderate range and patient-related burnout was in the mild range. Postintervention surveys completed by participant nurses and the nurse managers of both units supported the feasibility of this education module. Future implementation of annual mindfulness education was supported through both participant and administrative feedback.

[
J Contin Educ Nurs
. 2023;54(11):516–523.]
Misleading Presentation of Unilateral Phthiriasis Palpebrarum in a 2-Year-Old Boy
Authors: Patel Shivam , Brock Piper , Filipowicz Artur , Bach Austin
Published: September 2023

A 2-year-old boy with recently treated head lice presented with worsening right eyelid pruritus, irritation, and bleeding that was presumed to be a reinfection of head lice. Clinical examination revealed ectoparasites along the superior eyelid margin that were later identified as
Phthirus pubis
, or pubic lice. Treatment and management strategies are discussed.

[
J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus
. 2023;60(5):e55–e58.]
New Surgical Double Interlacing Technique for Correction of Sixth Cranial Nerve Palsy
Authors: Mendonça Tomas Scalamandre , Borges Correa Alyne , Rossetto Julia Dutra , de Cássia Barreira Marcela , Grubits Andrea Cristina , Brandolt Farias Lucas , Andrade Agra Iluska , Unchalo Eckert Gabriela , de Haro Muñoz Emilio , Plut Mauro
Published: September 2023

This interventional case series presents a novel surgical procedure involving double interlacing for the correction of esotropia in individuals with sixth cranial nerve palsy. The technique involves first splitting the tendons of the superior rectus, inferior rectus, and lateral rectus muscles. Subsequently, the superior half of the lateral rectus muscle is passed through the undisinserted superior rectus muscle, and the inferior half of the lateral rectus muscle is passed through the undisinserted inferior rectus muscle. Finally, the two halves of the lateral rectus muscle are sutured together and reattached at the original insertion point. The surgical outcomes demonstrate a significant improvement in alignment, abduction, and binocular vision.

[
J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus
. 2023;60(5):e58–e64.]
Nanoscale antenna systems: Transforming wireless communications and biomedical applications
Authors: Akinola Segun , Reddy Leelakrishna
Published: September 2023

This article provides an overview of nanoscale antenna systems in wireless communications and emerging biomedical applications. The research examines the importance of nanoscale antennas and the significance of nanotechnology in antenna layout. It delves into numerous layout concerns along with challenges of miniaturization, frequency selection and trade-offs between size, bandwidth, performance and radiation properties. The paper also explores the role of nanomaterials in antenna packages, specializing in their properties and overall performance-improving properties. It explores synthetic methods and techniques for incorporating nanomaterials into antenna designs, opening the way for new designs and improved performance. In the field of wireless communication, the article includes miniaturized antennas for wearable devices, Internet of Things (IoT) applications, millimeter wave, terahertz communication systems and it also explores antenna designs for compact wireless devices with constrained form factors overcoming challenges due to size limitations. In the biomedical field, antennas integrated into implantable medical devices and biosensing platforms are explored. The article examines the use and fabrication of biocompatible materials for biomedical antennas by considering their applicability in biomedical environments. Performance analysis and characterization techniques for nanoscale antennas are presented, including calibration methods, radiation sample analysis, gain, efficiency, impedance matching and analysis of performance parameters in various typical application scenarios. It helps to optimize antenna configuration for various cases. The article concludes with a discussion of key findings and contributions to the study. It highlights future directions and potential developments in nanoscale antenna systems, including power efficiency and energy collection, reliability and robustness in active areas and integration with wireless communication systems and networking. Finally, this article presents treasured insights into the design, fabric packages and research of nanoscale antenna systems. It gives a roadmap for future studies and improvement, focusing on the transformative capability of nanoscale antennas in Wi-Fi communications and biomedical applications.
Automatic detection method of abnormal vibration of engineering electric drive construction machinery
Authors: Yuan Jian , Liu Hao , Zhang Yang
Published: September 2023

Aiming at the problem that the extraction effect of abnormal vibration characteristics of current engineering electric drive construction machinery is poor, an automatic detection method of abnormal vibration of engineering electric drive construction machinery is proposed. Firstly, the abnormal data of mechanical abnormal vibration are collected and identified, and based on the identification results, the dynamic characteristic model of engineering electric drive construction machinery is constructed. The empirical mode decomposition and Hilbert spectrum are used to decompose the abnormal vibration of machinery, calculate the response amplitude and time lag value generated by the operation of the engineering electric drive construction machinery to simplify the diagnosis steps of the abnormal vibration of the engineering electric drive construction machinery and realize the positioning and detection of the transverse and torsional vibration characteristics. Finally, through experiments, it was confirmed that the automatic detection method of the abnormal vibration of the engineering electric drive construction machinery has high accuracy, which can better ensure the healthy operation of mechanical equipment. This endeavor aims to establish scientific methodologies and standards for fault detection techniques in construction machinery, ultimately forging a versatile solution better suited for detecting and resolving issues across various categories of construction equipment.
Real hypersurfaces in complex space forms with special almost contact structures
Authors: Pan Quanxiang
Published: September 2023

In this paper, we prove that an almost contact metric structure of a real hypersurface in a complex space form is quasi-contact if and only if it is contact. We also classify real hypersurfaces whose associated almost contact metric structures are nearly Kenmotsu or cosymplectic, which gives several extensions of some earlier results in this field.
An Evaluation Framework for Online Courses Based on Sentiment Analysis Using Machine Learning
Authors: Jinjing Zeng  , Kailing Luo  , Yu Lu  , Mingfen Wang
Published: September 2023

Online course evaluation is critical to both course selection and teaching effectiveness for students and teachers. However, the current online course evaluation methods have been criticized for neglecting learners’ needs and their inefficiency. Therefore, a course evaluation framework based on sentiment analysis using machine learning is proposed in this study to analyze a large number of online course review comments from learners. Initially, massive open online course review comments were collected through web crawling. Then, sentence- and aspect-based sentiment analyses were performed. Finally, a list of aspect terms that reflected the learners’ requirements was compiled based on the model-generated outcomes. The model was utilized to evaluate an online intellectual property law online course. Results demonstrate that the training models built in this study achieve over 90% accuracy and that 90%–95% of learners are satisfied with the intellectual property law online course. The learners are particularly satisfied with the teacher’s teaching style and course schedule. However, the models also highlight the insufficient interactivity in the class and the scarcity of novel course cases. The proposed framework provides a learner-centric approach to evaluating online courses, thereby enhancing the credibility of online course evaluation. This framework also serves as a practical reference for online course recommendation and construction.
Kosovo Students’ Readiness for Online Learning during the Covid-19 Pandemic
Authors: Vehapi Shemsedin , Bajrami Roberta
Published: September 2023

Online learning is one of the main alternatives to traditional classroom learning during the COVID-19 pandemic and the new regular periods. Online learning has been used at many educational levels on a range of platforms. Numerous studies have shown that online education is beneficial across all academic levels and topic areas. This study aims to assess students’ preparedness for online learning during the COVID-19 epidemic at higher education institutions. A quantitative strategy built on a survey method was employed for this research project. Students from higher education institutes in Kosovo were purposefully chosen as the study group. One thousand five hundred people were selected as a sample from the target population. The simple-to-use structural equation modeling (SEM) model was utilized to examine the data in this paper. This methodology assesses how prepared students from Kosovo are for online learning. Self-directed learning (SDL), learner control, learner motivation, and online communication self-efficacy were the five components of that scale. The study confirmed that because they were driven to learn in this e-learning environment, students at higher education institutions (HEIs) were considerably more personalized and successful in their decisions about their online educational lives during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Polymer Science and Technology
Authors: Abeydeera Pramudi , de Silva Eugene
Published: September 2023

The chapter provides an overview of polymer science, covering synthesis, polymer characterization, rheology, mechanical properties, and applications. The chapter delves into the definition of polymers, their historical development, and various classification systems. It also explores the importance of polymers for human survival and discusses the fundamentals of polymer science. The chapter continues by discussing the properties and applications of polymers, including an examination of polymer solution properties, mechanical properties, and the wide range of applications in different industries. Also explored is synthesis and construction of polymers, which form the foundation of their physical nature. This leads to the crucial topic of structure-property relationships, examining how molecular interactions and arrangements impact polymer properties. Furthermore, the chapter explores different types of polymers and their applications, spanning from thermoplastics to thermoset polymers, natural polymers to biopolymers. The chapter concludes by discussing polymer processing techniques.
Changes in the Structural-Phase State of Ferrite-Perlite Steel Under the Action of Electrolyte-Plasma Surface Quenching
Authors: Tabiyeva Yerkezhan , Rakhadilov Bauyrzhan , Uazyrkhanova Gulzhaz , Yeskermessov Didar , Aringozhina Zarina , Ahmed Waqar
Published: September 2023

This chapter presents an analytical review of literature sources devoted to research on the rapid heating of steels using various heat sources; in particular, on plasma surface hardening of materials. The results of studying the effect of a hardened surface layer during plasma hardening in the cathodic mode on the mechanical and tribological characteristics of grade two wheel steel are presented. Based on the experimental data obtained, a method for electrolytic-plasma surface hardening of wheel steel was developed and the optimal mode was determined. A description of the phase composition and morphology of grade two steel in the initial state and after electrolytic-plasma surface hardening is given. These descriptions are accompanied by images obtained by transmission electron microscopy. The authors present bright-field images and microdiffraction patterns obtained from these areas, as well as their dark-field patterns.
Hard and Superhard Multicomponent Nitride Coatings Deposited Using Vacuum-Arc Evaporation
Authors: Yeskermessov Didar , Toleukhanova Zhanerke , Aringozhina Zarina , Tabiyeva Yerkezhan , Ahmed Waqar
Published: September 2023

This chapter is devoted to experimental research on the investigated of the structural-phase, morphology, elemental composition, physical-mechanical, and tribological properties (friction, wear, and adhesion) of hard and superhard micro- and nanostructured coatings of systems based on (Zr-Ti-Nb)N, (Zr-Ti-Cr-Nb)N, and (Zr-Ti-Cr-Nb-Si)N were fabricated by vacuum-arc deposition in the nitrogen atmosphere. The authors in the work used advanced proven experimental research methods (SEM-EDX, TEM-EDS, XRD, SIMS, GDMS, PIXE, XPS, AFM, hardness measurements, and adhesion testing), as well as theoretical methods for analysing the results. Based on the results obtained, according to the experimental data, an optimal mode was selected that provides an increase in mechanical and tribological characteristics, and a method for vacuum-arc surface hardening was also developed. Such coatings seem to have prospects as protective ones for couples of friction and cutting tools.
Surface Hardening on Wheel Steel Using Electrolytic Plasma
Authors: Tabiyeva Yerkezhan , Rakhadilov Bauyrzhan , Uazyrkhanova Gulzhaz , Ahmed Waqar
Published: September 2023

Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) investigations of the structure and phase composition of ferritic-pearlitic wheel steel mark two surface after electrolyte-plasma surface hardening are presented. Initially the morphology of the steel matrix consists of lamellar perlite and non-fragmented and fragmented ferrite. Electrolytic plasma quenching of the steel surface results in the martensite transformation, steel self-tempering, and the formation of cementite particles in all martensite crystals. This treatment also leads to the diffusion transformation of gamma to alpha phases, the release of residual austenite along the low-temperature martensite laths and lamellas and in all crystals of lamellar martensite, the formation of М23С6 special carbides and, finally, to the enhancement of all parameters of the steel fine structure.
Electrolytic Plasma Treatment of Turkurite-Phase in High-Speed Steels
Authors: Aringozhina Zarina , Rakhadilov Bauyrzhan , Yeskermessov Didar , Tabiyeva Yerkezhan , Ahmed Waqar
Published: September 2023

Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), EBSD-analysis, and X-ray structure (XRD) analysis were used to investigate the microstructure, morphology, elemental composition, phase composition, and crystal structure of M2 high speed steel after standard thermal treatment. It has been shown that the microstructure of the M2 high speed steel after hardening and three-time tempering consists of tempered martensite and solid carbide M6C-type and MC spherical shape. The volume fraction of carbides and their distribution have been defined. The main carbides in the study of steel after heat treatment – M6C and MС carbides who have a complex FCC lattice and space group Fd3m, have been established by X-ray structural analysis. Carbides are homogeneous and single crystal. EBSD-analysis method with the support of X-ray structural analysis has established that the bright carbides spherical shape M6C correspond to the composition Fe3W3C, and grey carbides spherical shape MC correspond to the composition of the VC.
Detonation-Gun Spraying Technology for Multilayer Coatings
Authors: Yeskermessov Didar , Kantay Nurgamit , Kakimzhanov Dauir , Rakhadilov Bauyrzhan , Apsezhanova Akbota , Ahmed Waqar
Published: September 2023

This study investigated the structural-phase, morphology, elemental composition, and tribological properties of coatings systems based on Al2O3, NiCr, and NiCr-Al2O3 fabricated by detonation-gas spraying method in a nitrogen/propane atmosphere. The coatings were characterised using SEM-EDX, XRD, Raman spectroscopy, and hardness measurements, and results analysed are presented. According to the experimental data, an optimal mode was selected that provides an increase in mechanical and tribological characteristics, and a method for detonation spraying surface hardening was also developed. Tribology tests have shown that the wear rates and friction coefficients of the coatings are highly dependent on the degree of filling of the gun.
The Photocatalytic Treatment of Industrial Wastewater Using Semiconductor-Based Materials Fabrication and Modification Methods
Authors: Ngqalakwezi Athule , Mapukata Sivuyisiwe , Raphulu Mpfunzeni , Mampane Lizzie
Published: September 2023

Water scarcity has been exacerbated in recent years due to factors including the expansion of industrialization and agricultural activities. The contaminants released by industries into surrounding water bodies include toxic aromatic molecules, dyes, and heavy metals, which upon consumption pose a threat to human life. The development of water treatment technologies and catalysts targeting these pollutants has thus emerged as a critical area of research and development. This chapter therefore focuses on providing comprehensive information on the application of metal oxide semiconductor photocatalysis for the treatment of a range of industrial pollutants. With focus mainly being on titanium dioxide (TiO2), zinc oxide (ZnO), tin oxide (SnO2), cadmium oxide (CdO), and tungsten trioxide (WO3), the synthesis and modification methods for enhancement of the photocatalytic efficiencies of the semiconductor materials is discussed. Their physical, morphological, and optical properties are compared, and the mechanisms behind their activities are reported.
Leather Industry and Its Impact on Net Zero
Authors: Khan Mahabubur Rahman , Vorselaars Bart , Rahman Mahfuzur , Elseragy Ahmed , Ahmed Waqar
Published: September 2023

The leather industry is one of the oldest industries around the world and produces many different types of leather and leather goods. These products are incredibly popular among millions of people across the world for fashion and function. The leather manufacturing sector has been contributing more than $100 billion to the global markets. However, it is considered a major source of pollution with over 80% of the raw material going to waste. It produces toxic waste, environmental pollution, and greenhouse gas emissions. The main factors in greenhouse effects include energy consumption, wastewater, and solid waste. The emission of greenhouse gases (GHG) through industrial processes is a crucial problem for the environment. This chapter will provide a condensed review of relevant literature on leather manufacturing and the direction forward to achieving net zero. The importance of leather and its products, its contribution to the economic global markets, manufacturing processes, environmental pollution, net zero, and the role of mathematics for net zero have been discussed.
Epoxy-Based Composite Materials for Innovative Biomedical Applications
Authors: Hemavathi A. B. , Zarena A. S. , Chandresh M. P. , Jagadish R. S.
Published: September 2023

Epoxies are a versatile class of resins, well-known for its excellent combination of properties like light weight, chemical resistance, fatigue strength, custom-made impact resistance, and can be tailored to be biocompatible. Although ceramic and metallic composites are widely accepted for the development of biomaterials, their heaviness, non-resorbability, and necessity of second surgical operation to remove the implant after healing induces extra pain for the patients; hence, they were gradually replaced by polymer composites. Epoxies can be self-cross-linked or cross-linked with external curatives at stoichiometric ratio to achieve desired properties and purity. Advances in epoxy-based biomedical composites have been focused on the design of implants with concerns on comfort, biocompatibility, precise property matching, light weight, and closely mimicking natural structures in performance. Epoxy-based materials are also having footprints in drug delivery and tissue engineering. The chapter highlights epoxy usage in the biomedical field for various advanced applications.