bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Novel Pet Tracer 18f-labeled Thiamine: Synthesis, Metabolic Kinetics, and Evaluation on Cerebral Thiamine Metabolism Status
Authors: Wang Changpeng , Zhang Siwei , Zou Yuefei , Ma Hongzhao , Jiang Donglang , Sheng Lei , Sang Shaoming , Jin Lirong , Guan Yihui , Gui Yuan , Xu Zhihong , Zhong Chunjiu
Published: May 2020

Background:Someneuropsychological diseases are associated with abnormal thiamine metabolism, including Korsakoff-Wernicke syndrome and Alzheimer’s disease. However, in vivo detection of brain thiamine metabolism status isstill unavailable and needs to be developed.Methods:A novel PET tracer 18F-labeled thiaminewasautomatically radio-synthesized via a two-step route. The main parameters of characterization were proved by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Metabolic kinetics of 18F-labeled thiamine and the status of cerebral thiamine uptakein mice and marmosets were studied by micro-positron emission tomography (PET)/computer tomography imaging. Also, in vivo stability, renal excretion rate, biodistribution, and the correlation between cerebral 18F-labeled thiamine retention and blood thiamine levels were investigated.Results: The 18F-labeled thiamine was stableboth in vitro and in vivoand manifested fast uptake and clearance in vivo. The biodistribution of 18F-labeled thiamine were consistent with previously reports on thiamine distribution in mice. The retention of cerebral 18F-labeled thiamine was higher in mice with thiamine deficiency than that in control mice, and negatively correlated with blood thiaminediphosphate levels in marmosets.Conclusion:The 18F-labeled thiamine met the requirements for ideal PET tracer to in vivoevaluate the status of cerebral thiamine metabolism. This study laid the foundation for further studies on the relevant diseases.
Sleep Hygiene Practices in Patients with Major Depression with Comorbid Insomnia, Primary Insomnia and Good Sleepers
Authors: Sandoval-Rincón Maritza , Sánchez-Ferrer José Carlos , Muñoz-Delgado Jairo , Saldívar-Hernández R. Krisel , Jimenez-Genchi Alejandro
Published: May 2020

Background Inadequate sleep hygiene (SH) is considered one the factors contributing to insomnia, including comorbid insomnia with mental disorders. However, the practice of SH by depressed patients with comorbid insomnia has not been explored. We aimed to compare the practice of SH between patients with major depression with comorbid insomnia, primary insomnia, and good sleepers. Methods One hundred and eighty-two adult individuals participated: 62 outpatients with major depressive disorder with comorbid insomnia (MDD), 56 outpatients with primary insomnia (PI), and 64 good sleepers (GS). All participants were assessed with a structured psychiatric interview, an insomnia interview, the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, the Insomnia Severity Index and the Sleep Hygiene Practice Scale. We compared the practice of SH as a whole and by domains between the groups and the relation between SH practice, insomnia and sleep quality. Results Patients with PI and MDD showed a significantly worse practice of global SH. In the comparison by SH domains, MDD and PI groups had significantly higher scores than GS in all domains; individuals with MDD showed a significantly worse practice of sleep schedule and arousal related behaviors than PI group. SH practice was significantly related with insomnia and sleep quality in the whole sample, however only in the PI this association remained significant. Arousal-related behaviors domain was the main predictor of insomnia and sleep quality. Conclusions Although patients with insomnia comorbid with MDD or with PI have a worse SH practice than GS, only arousal-related behaviors and drinking/eating habits contribute significantly to insomnia severity and sleep quality.
The Genomic Profiling in Chinese Head and Neck Cancer and Incidence of NTRK Fusion
Authors: Xu Jiali , Wang Rong , Wang Tongshan , Wang Tingting , Shu Yongqian , Gu Dejian , He Yuange , Chen Rongrong , Liu Lianke
Published: May 2020

Background

Head and neck cancers are aggressive epithelial tumors and well recognized as a particularly challenging class of tumors to treat. Comprehensive molecular profiling is leading to the development of “personalized” or “precision” medicine. Here we report the genomic profiling of Chinese head and neck cancers and the incidence of NTRK aberrations.
Methods

We retrospectively analyzed the genetic aberrations in 127 patients of Chinese head and neck cancer. All the patients were detected by 1021-gene panel (including NTRK1, NTRK2, NTRK3) of hybridization capture-based next-generation sequencing with tumor tissue and matched peripheral blood control samples.
Results

This studied was inspired by the outcome benefit of a parotid cancer patient harboring ETV6-NTRK3 fusion, who received crizotinib treatment and achieved a 2-year progression-free survival (PFS). Then, we reviewed 127 cases of head and neck cancer in our database. The most common histology type was HNSCC (79.5%). The genomic profiling indicated that both in our Chinese cohort and TCGA database, TP53 is the most frequently mutated gene in head and neck cancer. The incidence of NTRK genetic aberrations was 7.9% (10/127) including NTRK fusion (n = 4, 3.1%) and NTRK mutation (n = 6, 4.7%). The most common fusion was ETV6-NTRK3 (n = 3, 2.4%). Compared to NTRK-wt group, NTRK aberration group had more APC and PTPRD aberrations (p < 0.05). The association of genetic aberrations with tumor mutation burden (TMB) had been analyzed. NTRK fusion-group had a lower TMB compared to the NTRK-wt group (p = 0.034). TP53 and LRP1B showed significant association with higher TMB (both p < 0.01), which may be potential markers of immunotherapy in head and neck cancer patients.
Conclusions

Our data is the first study to report the genomic profiling in Chinese head and neck cancers and the incidence of NTRK fusion. About 3% of Chinese head and neck patients may benefit from targeted therapy of NTRK inhibitors. An ETV6-NTRK3 fusion patient reached a long-term response with crizotinib treatment,indicating crizotinib might be an alternative treatment option for patients with NTRK fusions.
PKD3 promotes metastasis and growth of oral squamous cell carcinoma through positive feedback regulation with PD-L1 and activation of ERK -STAT1/3-EMT signaling
Authors: Cui Bomiao , Chen Jiao , Luo Min , Liu Yiying , Chen Hongli , Lv Die , Wang Liwei , Kang Yingzhu , Feng Yun , Huang Libin , Zhang Ping
Published: May 2020

Background: Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) has a high incidence of metastasis. Tumor immunotherapy targeting programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) or programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) is revolutionary; however, only a few patients with OSCC respond to this treatment. Therefore, it is necessary to understand the molecular mechanisms of OSCC growth and metastasis to identify new therapeutic targets. Methods: In this study, we first analyzed the expression level of protein kinase D3 (PKD3) and PD-L1, and their correlation with mesenchymal and epithelial markers through UALCAN database, UCSC Xena, western blot, and immunostaining of human OSCC tissue sections. We knocked down and overexpressed PKD3 in OSCC cell lines and analyzed cell growth, migration, and invasion using western blot, cell proliferation assays, wound healing assays, and Transwell assays. A mouse footpad xenograft model was used to study the effects of PKD3 on tumor growth and lymph node metastasis in vivo. Results: The expression of PKD3 and PD-L1 in OSCC cells and tissues was significantly increased, and correlated positively with mesenchymal markers but negatively with epithelial markers. Silencing PKD3 significantly inhibited the growth, metastasis, and invasion of OSCC cells, while its overexpression promoted these processes. PKD3 regulated PD-L1 expression through the ERK/STAT1/3 signaling pathway, forming a positive feedback regulatory loop with PD-L1 to induce epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in OSCC. Conclusions: There is a positive feedback regulation between PKD3 and PD-L1, which can drive the EMT of OSCC cells through the ERK/STAT1/3 pathway, thereby promoting tumor growth and metastasis. Our findings provide a theoretical basis for targeting PKD3 as an alternative method to block EMT for regulating PD-L1 expression and inhibiting OSCC growth and metastasis . Keywords: OSCC, PKD3, PD-L1, EMT, tumor growth, metastasis
Prevalences and Risk Factors of Electrocardiographic Abnormalities in Chinese Adults: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Yu Liping , Ye Xiaojun , Yang Zhaojun , Yang Wenying , Zhang Bo
Published: May 2020

Background: Electrocardiogram (ECG) is widely used to screen cardiac diseases. To date, no large population study has provided estimates of the prevalences of ECG findings in China. We aim to investigate the prevalences and risk factors of ECG abnormalities in the general population of Chinese adults.Methods: ECG data were obtained from 34965 participants in the 2007-2008 China National Diabetes and Metabolic Disorders Study. ECG abnormalities were classified according to the Minnesota coding (MC) criteria. Prevalences of variant ECG abnormalities were calculated. The associations between ECG abnormalities and gender, age and other risk factors for cardiovascular diseases (CVD) were analyzed by multivariate logistic regression test.Results: The prevalences of major arrhythmias were 1.70%, 2.37% and 1.04% in the whole population, men and women, respectively. Atrial fibrillation/flutter was found in 0.35% of men and 0.20% of women. ST depression and T abnormalities accounted for 10.96%, 7.54% and 14.32% in the whole population, men and women, respectively. Independent of gender and other CVD risk factors, the older age significantly increased the risk of having atrial fibrillation/flutter, complete left bundle branch block, complete right bundle branch block, sinus tachycardia, atrial/junctional/ventricular premature beats, ST depression and T abnormalities, tall R wave left, left/right atrial hypertrophy, left axis deviation and low voltage. Hypertension, overweight, obesity and hypercholesterolemia all independently increased the odds ratios of having ST depression and T abnormalities. History of cardiovascular/cerebrovascular diseases was positively associated with major arrhythmias, ST depression and T abnormalities and tall R wave left.Conclusions: This study provides estimates of the prevalences of ECG findings in a large population of Chinese adults. Gender, age, CVD risk factors and history of cardiovascular/cerebrovascular diseases had important impact on ECG abnormalities.# Liping Yu and Xiaojun Ye contributed equally to this work.
The Effect of Comorbid with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Symptoms on Face Encoding and Retrieving in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder
Authors: Chen Qi , Wang Zengjian , Wan Bin , Chen Qingxin , Jin Yu
Published: May 2020

BackgroundVisuospatial working memory (VSWM) impairments were common in Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). However, the detailed processing characteristics when facing face stimuli has not been studied. The present study aimed to explore the deficits of face encoding and retrieving, two processing periods of VSWM, in children with ASD. Furthermore, the influence of comorbid with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) symptoms and executive function (EF) on VSWM were discussed.MethodsA sample of 98 children were analyzed in the present study including ASD- (ASD-only, n = 24), ADHD (n = 23), ASD+ (with ADHD symptoms, n = 23) and neurotypical controls (NTC, n = 28). Social Responsive Scale (SRS) and Swanson, Nolan, Pelham-IV rating scales (SNAP-IV) were applied to measure autistic and ADHD-related symptoms. We employed face encoding and retrieving task to examine the ability of VSWM as well as Wisconsin Cart Sorting Test (WCST) to assess the EF.ResultsWe found that the children with ASD- exhibited lower accuracy in both face encoding and retrieving, while subjects with ASD + showed lower accuracy in the face retrieving. No evidence implied a deficit of VSWM in ADHD group. We also found diverse indices of EF contributed to the individuals’ differences of VSWM performance in different clinical groups: categories completed (CC) predicted the accuracy of face retrieving in ASD- group; perseverative responses errors (RPE) predicted the response time (RT) of face retrieving in ADHD and ASD + group; while failure to maintain set (FMS) and RPE predicted the RT of face encoding in ASD + group.LimitationsThe sample size is still small and the sample mainly comprised of intellectually able participants. Therefore, our findings should not be overinterpreted.ConclusionOur findings indicate that comorbid with ADHD symptoms and EF may modulate the deficit of face encoding in children with ASD. The study shed lights on the transdiagnostic neurocognitive basis and re-emphasize the importance of considering ADHD-comorbid condition in ASD.Qi Chen and Zengjian Wang contributed equally to this work as the joint first authors.
Palliative care delivery in residential aged care: Bereaved family member experiences of the Supportive Hospice Aged Residential Exchange (SHARE) intervention
Authors: Frey Rosemary Ann , Barham Sophia , Balmer Deborah , Robinson Jackie , Boyd Michal , Gott Merryn
Published: May 2020

BackgroundThe supportive hospice aged residential Exchange (SHARE) is a new model of palliative care education that has been designed for residential aged care. The goal of SHARE is to help clinical staff improve palliative care within residential aged care facilities and to improve specialist palliative care nurses' knowledge and skill to care for frail older people.MethodThe experiences of 16 bereaved families concerning the palliative care journey (both at the start and finish of a one-year implementation of SHARE) were explored using semi-structured interviews.ResultsFour themes were important to bereaved families’ experience: communication with staff, relationship with general practitioners, systems of care, and hospice involvement. A sub-theme indicating changes in these four components of care between the start and finish of SHARE was identified. A fifth theme highlighted challenges (staff shortages and turnover).ConclusionFindings indicated that SHARE benefited families (improved communication and support) through the end of life journey of their relatives, but challenges remained.
BEO: Binary Equilibrium Optimizer Combined with Simulated Annealing for Feature Selection
Authors: Ghosh Kushal Kanti , Guha Ritam , Bera Suman Kumar , Sarkar Ram , Mirjalili Seyedali
Published: May 2020

This work proposed a binary variant of the recently-proposed Equilibrium Optimizer (EO) to solve binary problems. A v-shaped transfer function is used to map continuous values created in EO to binary. To improve the exploitation of the Binary Equilibrium Optimizer (BEO), the Simulated Annealing is used as one of the most popular local search methods. The proposed BEO algorithm is applied to 18 UCI datasets and compared to a wide range of algorithms. The results demonstrate the superiority and merits of EO when solving feature selection problems.
Invitro filtration efficiency for selected face masks to bacteria with a size smaller than SARS-CoV-2 respiratory droplet
Authors: Amour Maryam , Mwanga Hussein H. , Bwire George M.
Published: May 2020

Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) can be transmitted between people through respiratory droplets (droplet particles are >5-10 μm in diameter). We conducted an invitro experiment to determine the filtration efficiency for selected face masks (cloth and medical face masks and N95 respirators) to bacteria with a size (0.5-1.5 μm in diameter) smaller than SARS-CoV-2 respiratory droplet. Bacteria suspension was prepared using normal saline (NaCl) and bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli) and maintained at a turbidity of 0.5 MacFarland. The suspensions was put in a 100ml plastic spray bottle (with an approximated 250 μl and flow rate of 31.5 ft3/min per spray) and then a single spray was performed to the test masks. Swabbing was done to unsprayed side of the test mask within 0 and after 4 hrs. The swab was streaked on CLED media then incubated for 48 hours at 37oC in ambient air. Bacterial filtration efficiency (BFE) was determined as the proportions of colony forming units (CFUs) between the test and control mask. The selected face masks had BFE of 100% and >99% for medical and double layer cotton cloth masks, respectively. This study supports the use of cotton cloth (at least double layer) face coverings in public settings where other social distancing measures are difficult to maintain to prevent the spread of infection from the wearer.
IKONOS: An intelligent tool to support diagnosis of Covid-19 by texture analysis of x-ray images
Authors: Gomes Juliana Carneiro , Barbosa Valter Augusto de Freitas , Santana Maíra Araújo de , Bandeira Jonathan , Valença Mêuser Jorge Silva , Souza Ricardo Emmanuel de , Ismael Aras Masood , Santos Wellington Pinheiro dos
Published: May 2020

In late 2019, the SARS-Cov-2 spread worldwide. The virus has high rates of proliferation and causes severe respiratory symptoms, such as pneumonia. There is still no specific treatment and diagnosis for the disease. The standard diagnostic method for pneumonia is chest X-ray image. There are many advantages to using Covid-19 diagnostic X-rays: low cost, fast and widely available. We propose an intelligent system to support diagnosis by X-ray images.We tested Haralick and Zernike moments for feature extraction. Experiments with classic classifiers were done. Support vector machines stood out, reaching an average accuracy of 89.78%, average recall and sensitivity of 0.8979, and average precision and specificity of 0.8985 and 0.9963 respectively. The system is able to differentiate Covid-19 from viral and bacterial pneumonia, with low computational cost.
INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY OF PROBLEMS SOLUTIONS SUPPORT IN A COMPLEX SYSTEM MANAGEMENT
Authors: Stanovska Iraida , Stanovskyi Oleksandr , Saukh Igor
Published: May 2020

The study of the problems arising in the management of complex multi-factor systems allows to conclude that the latter should be considered as integrated organizational and technical. The basis of such management is a crisis – an exciting phenomenon, an incentive – unfulfilled needs, a defect, a deficiency or a threat that causes a targeted crisis through technical intervention or to avoid interaction or a change in the state of an object, a change in oneself or one's attitude to what is happening. An information technology for overcoming crises is proposed, which consists in the construction of each crisis into a group of elementary ones with the subsequent transformation of each elementary crisis into an elementary solution using the proposed information technology. The aim of research is to increase the efficiency of managing the development of complex organizational and technical systems through the development and implementation of new dynamic models and methods for finding optimal ways to overcome management crises at the level of elementary representations. The analysis and classification of the negative circumstances that arise in the management of complex dynamic organizational and technical systems, and the crises arising from these circumstances are carried out. The life cycle of an elementary crisis in managing the development of complex organizational and technical systems is shown – from the emergence of elementary negative circumstances to the receipt of elementary solutions to overcome them. An informational method has been developed to support decision making on the choice of means to overcome crises, based on the use of multidimensional percolation models. The structure is proposed and a description of the main steps that are carried out at one iteration of managing a complex organizational and technical system is provided
A STUDY OF SPRING WATER QUALITY AND ITS SUITABILITY FOR DIFFERENT USES IN THE AREA OF BARTELLA – EASTERN MOSUL
Authors: Sulaiman Mohammed A. M. , AL-Hussein Asaad A. M. , Saleh Alaa S.
Published: May 2020

The water of the three springs in the village of Tarjla (located in the area of Bartala, eastern Mosul) is characterized by different physical and chemical properties depending on the results of the laboratory tests of (NTU, EC, TDS, TH, PH) and major ions (Na+, Ca+2, Mg+2, Cl-, ) for six selected water samples for the study area. This difference did not remain constant, but changed with the flow of water to the neighboring villages (Sheikh Amir, Shaquli, Karemlesh), where the percentages of physical and chemical concentrations have changed in terms of the increase and decrease of some water samples. This is due to the time factor and the water contact of some of the soils and rocks that encountered their flow as well as exposure to the sun. The purpose of the research is to study the quality of springs water to determine its suitability for different uses. Using the Piper and Stiff classifications, the water quality is calcium-bicarbonate, the calcium ion predominates over the rest of the positive ions and the bicarbonate ion prevails over the rest of the negative ions, this indicates that spring number (1) and spring number (3) are derived from the Fat'ha formation deposits, which contain limestone and gypsum rocks that contain high concentrations of sulphates. The spring number (2) is derived from the Injana formation and modern sediments that is hydraulically connected with each other and can be considered one reservoir. By comparing the results of laboratory tests with the international standards, it was found that the water of spring number (2) is suitable for human use, and that the water of spring’s number (1) and (3) are not suitable for human use because they contain a high proportion of sulfur ions. All water samples are suitable for agricultural and animal use and very good to excellent
Br diffusion in phonolitic melts: Comparison with fluorine and chlorine diffusion
Authors: Balcone-Boissard Hélène , Baker Don R. , Villemant Benoit , Cauzid Jean , Boudon Georges , Deloule E.
Published: May 2020

Bromine diffusion was measured in two natural phonolitic melts: (1) a K2O-rich (~10 wt%) one synthesized from the white pumice phase of the 79 AD eruption of Vesuvius (Italy), and (2) a Na2O-rich (~10 wt%) one corresponding to the most differentiated melt of the 12 000 BC eruption of the Laacher See (Germany). Experiments were performed at 0.5 and 1.0 GPa, 1250 to 1450 °C, at anhydrous and hydrous (2.65 ± 0.35 wt% of dissolved water) conditions. Experiments conducted with the diffusion-couple technique in the piston cylinder were performed with only bromine diffusing and with the simultaneous diffusion of a halogen mixture (F, Cl, Br) to evaluate the interactions between the halogens during diffusion. The diffusion profiles of Br were measured by X-ray fluorescence using synchrotron radiation microprobe (SYXRF), ID18F, at the European Synchrotron Radiation Facility (ESRF, France). Bromine diffusion displays Arrhenian behavior under anhydrous conditions that is similar when it diffuses alone and when it diffuses with F and Cl. The Br diffusion coefficients range between 2 × 10–12 m2/s at 1250 °C and 1.5 × 10–11 m2/s at 1450 °C for the Na-rich melt and between 3 × 10–12 m2/s at 1250 °C and 2.5 × 10–11 m2/s at 1450 °C for the K-rich melt, at 1.0 GPa. Although Br mobility is independent of F and Cl in anhydrous phonolitic melts, its behavior may be dependent on the dominant alkali in the melt, as previously observed for Cl, but not F. For hydrous experiments, although the data are scattered, the Br diffusivity increases slightly with water and the Na/K ratio seems to influence Br diffusivity. Similarly to noble gases, halogen diffusivity at a given temperature in the phonolitic melts appears related to the ionic porosity of the silicate structure. Compared to basaltic melt, Br diffusivities are approximately one order of magnitude lower in the Na-phonolite melt, because of the difference of the pre-exponential factor. Br mobility appears to be decoupled from melt viscosity, considering the results here.
AVRUPA’DA BURKA YASAKLARI ÜZERİNE BİR İNCELEME
Authors: SAYIN Kemal Efe
Published: May 2020

﻿Herkes düşünce, din ve vicdan özgürlüğüne sahiptir. Bu hakkın içsel bir alanı olduğu kadar devletin müdahalesine konu olma ihtimali yüksek bir dışsal alanı da bulunmaktadır. Dini inancı açığa vurma hakkı da bu kapsamda korunmaktadır. Kişiler dini inançlarını dışarıya yansıtırken, dini semboller ve kıyafetler kullanabilirler. Ancak devletler, kişilerin dini sembol ve kıyafetler kullanmasını birtakım amaçlarla sınırlayabilir. Bu sınırlamalar da ayrımcılık içerebilir. Son yıllarda Avrupa’ya doğru artan göç dalgası ile göçmenler beraberlerinde dini uygulamalarını, dolayısıyla dini sembol ve kıyafetlerini de getirmişlerdir. Bu da iş yaşamında, kamuya açık alanlarda, eğitim kurumlarında, güvenlik geçişlerinde hatta kimlik kartlarına koyulacak fotoğraflarda dahi tartışmalara sebep olmuştur. Bu çalışmanın konusunu ise kamuoyunda burka yasakları olarak bilinen, yakın zamanda Avrupa’da çoğu devlette peş peşe kanunlaşan yüzü örten kıyafetler giyme yasağı oluşturmaktadır. Makalede yasakların kanunlaşma süreci ulusal ve uluslararası mahkeme kararları ışığında ele alınacak ve yasaklara ilişkin devletler tarafından ileri sürülen meşru amaçlar ile kamuoyundaki ve literatürdeki tartışmalar karşılaştırmalı bir yaklaşımla ortaya konulacak ve incelenecektir.
EEUU y las relaciones civiles Militares
Authors: Ramirez Prado Fidel
Published: May 2020

No tiene resumen
Sistemas procesal penal peruano
Authors: Calderón Navarro Nelly
Published: May 2020

No tiene
La globalización y el comercio electrónico
Authors: Díaz Bazán Ricardo
Published: May 2020

No tiene
Los textos jurídicos
Authors: Pérez Fuentes Gerardo
Published: May 2020

No tiene
La Abogacia frente a las nuevas tecnologías
Authors: Ramírez Chávarry Willy
Published: May 2020

No tiene
Benefit-cost analysis of water quality policy and criteria in the Delaware River
Authors: Kauffman Gerald J.
Published: May 2020

This research conducts a benefit-cost analysis of water policies to reach an optimal level of dissolved oxygen (DO) to meet year-round fishable water quality criteria in the Delaware River. A watershed pollutant load model is utilized to estimate marginal cost curves of water quality improvements to meet a more protective year-round fishable standard and annual benefits are defined to achieve future DO criteria in the Delaware River. The most cost-effective DO standard is 4.5 mg/L defined by the point where the marginal benefits of willingness to pay (WTP) for improved water quality equals the marginal costs of pollution reduction. This optimal criteria (4.5 mg/L) can be achieved at a cost of $150 million with benefits ranging from $250 to $700 million/year. While a future DO standard of 4.5 mg/L reflects an economically efficient level of water quality, this DO criteria is less protective than the level of 5–6 mg/L needed to protect anadromous fish such as the Atlantic sturgeon. The policy to reach a DO level of 6 mg/L (at 80% DO saturation) may be difficult to achieve at summer water temperatures that approach 30 °C in the Delaware River at Philadelphia.
Eficácia do controle biológico de mofo cinzento em morangos produzidos em cultivo protegido
Authors: Minuzzo Paloma , Sanhueza Rosa Maria Valdebenito , Spadoa André Novais , Bartnicki Vinícius Adão
Published: May 2020

A produção de morangos semi-hidropônicos protegidos é cada vez maior. Botrytis cinerea é a doença que mais causa danos nesse sistema. Devido à rápida e desuniforme maturação dos frutos é difícil manejar essa doença com fungicidas químicos. O uso de biofungicidas vêm sendo uma alternativa para reduzir a contaminação do meio ambiente, manejar doenças resistentes à fungicidase controle de patógenos em cultivos orgânicos. Porém não existem muitos estudos sobre o efeito desses produtos sobre B.cinerea. Assim, os objetivos deste trabalho foram comparar biofungicidas compostos de Bacillus sp., em diferentes doses, para o controle de B.cinerea, Rhizopus stolonifer e a produção de frutos de morangueiro em sistema semi-hidropônico. Dois experimentos comparativos de Bacillus subtilis QST 173 (B.s.) e Bacillus amyloliquefaciens D747 (B.a.) foram comparados com aplicações de água. Os ensaios foram em cultivo semi-hidropônico protegido da empresa Italbraz Ltda, localizada em Vacaria-RS. Os resultados obtidos informam que nas doses 0,8 kg/ha de B.a. e 1,6 L/ha de B.s., o B.a. é mais eficiente no controle de B. cinerea. Já nas doses de 1,0 kg/ha de B.a. e 2,0 L/ha de B.s., somente B.a. controla B. cinerea. B.a. e B.s. não controlam R. stolonifer e não afetam a produção de morangos.
Desenvolvimento de doces cremosos de mirtilo e framboesa com polpa de Gila
Authors: Sommer Sueli Fiorini , Sant'Anna VOLTAIRE
Published: May 2020

O mirtilo e a framboesa são pequenos frutos ricos em compostos fenólicos e propriedades antioxidantes, que estão ganhando a preferência dos produtores e consumidores. Enquanto que a abóbora gila é uma hortaliça não convencional, com propriedades antiglicemiantes, ainda pouco explorada comercialmente. O objetivo deste trabalho foi desenvolver doces cremosos de mirtilo e framboesa, com adição de diferentes proporções de gila, como forma de reduzir custos de produção sem alterar a aceitação sensorial dos doces. O experimento foi realizado na sede da Universidade Estadual do Rio Grande do Sul, unidade de Encantado RS. Foram adicionadas diferentes proporções de polpa de gila (0, 10, 15 e 20%) em doces de mirtilo e de framboesa. Os doces foram submetidos a análises sensoriais e físico-químicas de antocianinas e polifenóis totais. Os de mirtilo, além de  não apresentarem  diferença na concentração de polifenóis totais e de aceitação sensorial, ainda resultaram em maior concentração de antocianinas, em função da adição de gila. Já os de framboesa apresentaram diferenças significativas na avaliação sensorial e redução da concentração de antocianinas, porém não obtiveram redução na concentração de polifenóis totais. Concluiu-se que a adição de polpa de gila é uma opção viável para elaboração de doces cremosos de mirtilo e framboesa, como forma de reduzir custos sem alterar significativamente a aceitação dos produtos.
Respostas a aplicação de concentrações de prohexadione cálcio em amora-preta (Rubus spp.) cv. Tupy
Authors: Delazeri Eloi Evandro , Schiavon Andressa Vighi , Antunes Luis Eduardo Correa , Nardello Luiz Antônio Camacho , Hellwig Cristiano Geremias
Published: May 2020

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar os efeitos da aplicação de diferentes concentrações de prohexadione cálcio na prorrogação do período de colheita e nos atributos físico-químicos de frutos de amoreira preta da cultivar Tupy. Os tratamentos foram constituídos de quatro concentrações de prohexadione cálcio (PCa) (100; 200; 400; 800 mg.L-1), além de um tratamento testemunha sem aplicação. Foram avaliados os dias decorridos após a aplicação (DAP), massa média dos frutos, sólidos solúveis, acidez titulável e cor: luminosidade (L*), ângulo hue (ºHue), cromaticidade (C*). A PCa estende o período de colheitas dos frutos de amora-preta em decorrência do aumento das concentrações aplicadas, doses elevadas de PCa diminuem a massa média de frutos e aumentam o teor de sólidos solúveis. Quanto aos parâmetros de cor, os frutos tendem ao vermelho (ºHue), com aumento dos valores de luminosidade (L*) e intensidade da cor (C*).
Anti-angiogenic Agents: A Review on Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-2 (VEGFR-2) Inhibitors
Authors: Cheng Kang , Liu Chen-Fu , Rao Guo-Wu
Published: May 2020

Tumor growth inhibition can be achieved by inhibiting angiogenesis, which has
been a field of great concern in recent years. Important targets to inhibit angiogenesis include
vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR) and its homologous tyrosine kinase
receptor. Anti-angiogenic therapy based on inhibition of VEGFR-2 is an effective clinical
treatment strategy. The research progress of VEGFR-2 inhibitors is reviewed in this paper
from the aspects of drug development and chemical synthesis.
Mechanism of Shuang-Huang-Lian Oral Liquid for Treatment of Mycoplasmal Pneumonia in Children on Network Pharmacology
Authors: Shi Ling , Wu Qi-Guo , Zhang Ju-Cheng , Yang Guang-Ming , Liu Wei , Wang Ze-Feng
Published: May 2020

Background and Objective:

Mycoplasmal pneumonia (MP) can lead to inflammation,
multiple system immune damage, and mixed infection in children. The pathogenesis is still
unclear. Shuang-Huang-Lian (SHL) oral liquid can treat acute upper respiratory tract infection,
acute bronchitis and light pneumonia. However, our current understanding of the molecular
mechanisms supporting its clinical application still lags behind due to the lack of researches. It is
difficult to understand the overall sensitization mechanism of SHL oral liquid. The purpose is to
explain the mechanism of action of drugs in this study, which is useful to ensure the safety of
medication for children.

Methods:

The therapeutic mechanism of SHL oral liquid was investigated by a system
pharmacology approach integrating drug-likeness evaluation, oral bioavailability prediction,
ADMET, protein-protein interaction worknet, Gene Ontology enrichment analysis, Kyoto
Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes database pathway performance, C-T-P network construction
and molecular docking.

Results:

A total of 18 active ingredients contained in SHL oral liquid and 53 major proteins were
screened out as effective players in the treatment of M. pneumoniae disease through some related
pathways and molecular docking. The majority of targets, hubs and pathways were highly related
to anti-mycoplasma therapy, immunity and inflammation process.

Conclusions:

This study shows that the anti-bacterial effect of SHL oral liquid has multicomponent,
multi-target and multi-pathway phenomena. The proposed approach may provide a
feasible tool to clarify the mechanism of traditional Chinese medicines and further develop their
therapeutic potentials.
In silico and In vivo Evaluation of Oxidative Stress Inhibitors Against Parkinson's Disease using the C. elegans Model
Authors: Hanumanthappa Pradeep , Ashok Arpitha , Prakash Inderjit , Priya Carmel I. , Zinzala Julie , Marigowda Vidya V. , Sosalegowda Aparna H.
Published: May 2020

Background:

Parkinson’s disease ranks second, after Alzheimer’s as the major
neurodegenerative disorder, for which no cure or disease-modifying therapies exist. Ample
evidence indicate that PD manifests as a result of impaired anti-oxidative machinery leading to
neuronal death wherein Cullin-3 has ascended as a potential therapeutic target for diseases
involving damaged anti-oxidative machinery.

Objective:

The design of target specific inhibitors for the Cullin-3 protein might be a promising
strategy to increase the Nrf2 levels and to decrease the possibility of “off-target” toxic properties.

Methods:

In the present study, an integrated computational and wet lab approach was adopted to
identify small molecule inhibitors for Cullin-3. The rational drug designing process comprised
homology modeling and derivation of the pharmacophore for Cullin-3, virtual screening of Zinc
natural compound database, molecular docking and Molecular dynamics based screening of ligand
molecules. In vivo validations of an identified lead compound were conducted in the PD model of
C. elegans.

Results and Discussion:

Our strategy yielded a potential inhibitor; (Glide score = -12.31), which
was evaluated for its neuroprotective efficacy in the PD model of C. elegans. The inhibitor was able
to efficiently defend against neuronal death in PD model of C. elegans and the neuroprotective effects
were attributed to its anti-oxidant activities, supported by the increase in superoxide dismutase,
catalase and the diminution of acetylcholinesterase and reactive oxygen species levels. In addition, the
Cullin-3 inhibitor significantly restored the behavioral deficits in the transgenic C. elegans.

Conclusion:

Taken together, these findings highlight the potential utility of Cullin-3 inhibition to
block the persistent neuronal death in PD. Further studies focusing on Cullin-3 and its mechanism
of action would be interesting.
Model-based Meta-analysis to Compare Primary Efficacy-endpoint, Efficacy-time Course, Safety, and Tolerability of Opioids Used in the Management of Osteoarthritic Pain in Humans
Authors: Alhaj-Suliman Suhaila Omar , Milavetz Gary , Salem Aliasger Karimjee
Published: May 2020

Background:

Despite recent therapeutic advances, osteoarthritis continues to be a challenging health
problem, especially in the elderly population. Opioids, which are potent analgesics, have shown an extraordinary
ability to reduce intense pain in many osteoarthritic clinical trials; however, there is an increased need for a study to
integrate the reported outcomes and utilize them to achieve a better understanding. Herein, efficacy and safety
aspects of opioids used to manage osteoarthritic pain were assessed and compared using a model-based meta-analysis
(MBMA).

Methods:

To perform the analysis, a comprehensive database consisting of pain relief compounds with information
on summary-level of efficacy over time, adverse events and dropout rates was compiled from multiple sources.
MBMA was conducted using a nonlinear mixed-effects modeling approach.

Results:

The results of primary efficacy endpoint analysis indicated that the doses of oxycodone, oxymorphone, and
tramadol required to produce 50% of the maximum effect were 47, 84, and 247 mg per day, respectively. Efficacytime
course analysis showed that opioids had rapid time to efficacy onset, suggesting potentially powerful painrelieving
effects. It was also found that gastrointestinal adverse events were the most opioid-associated and dosedependent
adverse effects. In addition, the analysis revealed that opioids were well-tolerated at low to moderate
doses.

Conclusions:

This MBMA provides clinically meaningful insights into the efficacy and safety profiles of oxycodone,
oxymorphone, and tramadol. Resultantly, the presented framework analysis can have an impact in the clinic on drug
development where it can guide: the optimization of doses of opioids required to manage osteoarthritic pain; the
making of precise key decisions for the positioning of new drugs, and; the design of more efficient trials.
The Influence of Salinomycin on the Expression Profile of mRNAs Encoding Selected Caspases and MiRNAs Regulating their Expression in Endometrial Cancer Cell Line
Authors: Januszyk Krzysztof , Januszyk Piotr , Grabarek Beniamin O. , Boroñ Dariusz , Oplawski Marcin
Published: May 2020

Background:

Apoptosis could take place in the pathway dependent on death receptors or
pathways dependent on mitochondria. In both, a key role is played by enzymes with protease activity,
known as caspases.

Aim:

The aim of this study was to assess the variances in the expression pattern of caspase-dependent
signaling pathways in the endometrial cancer cell line when treated with salinomycin. Additionally, the
changes in the level of miRNA that potentially regulate these mRNAs were evaluated.

Materials and Methods:

Endometrial cancer cells were treated with 1 μM of salinomycin for 12, 24
and 48 hours. Untreated cells made up the control culture. The molecular analysis consisted of screening
mRNA and miRNA microarray expression profiles of caspases, and the evaluation of the expression
of caspases 3,8 and 9 by RTqPCR, also on the protein level.

Results and Discussion:

It was observed that 5 of the 14 differentiating mRNAs were commonly
found for all incubation times of the cells and they corresponded with CASP3, CASP8, and CASP9
genes. The highest impact probability was determined between CASP3(up-regulated) and hsa- miR-
30d (FC -2.01), CASP8 (down-regulated) and hsa-miR-21 (FC +1.39) and between CASP9 (upregulated)
and hsa-miR-1271 (FC +1.71).

Conclusion:

Salinomycin induces the apoptosis of endometrial cancer cells. The largest increase in
activity was noted for caspases 3 and 9, while the expression of caspase 8 was decreased. Salinomycin
causes a regulatory effect on the transcriptomes of mRNA and miRNA in in vitro endometrial cancer
cells.
Impact of HbA1C (Glycated Hemoglobin) and Glucose on Outcomes of Mechanical Thrombectomy in Patients with Large Artery Occlusion
Authors: Kim Jin G. , Yi Ho J. , Lee Dong H. , Sung Jae H.
Published: May 2020

Objective:

This study evaluated the relationship between HbA1c (glycated hemoglobin),
admission serum glucose levels and outcomes in patients with large artery occlusion (LAO)
treated with mechanical thrombectomy (MT).

Methods:

A total of 413 patients were enrolled, and the following outcomes were reviewed: successful
recanalization, symptomatic hemorrhage, favorable outcome (modified Rankin Scale, mRS
scores of 0-2), and mortality at 3 months. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis
was undertaken to identify the cutoff values for HbA1C and glucose to discriminate between
favorable and unfavorable outcomes. The association of HbA1c and glucose levels with outcomes
was evaluated using logistic regression.

Results:

The best cutoff values to discriminate between favorable and unfavorable outcome after 3
months were identified by an HbA1C value of 6.0% and an admission serum glucose level of 131
mg/dL (P = <0.001 and <0.001, respectively). Patients with HbA1C ≥6.0% had a lower ratio of favorable
mRS, more symptomatic hemorrhage, and higher mortality than those of HbA1C <6.0%
(P = 0.002, 0.001, and <0.001, respectively). In multivariate analysis, high HbA1C (≥6.0%) and
serum glucose on admission (≥131 mg/dL) were significantly associated with unfavorable outcomes
at 3 months (P = 0.006 and 0.009, respectively).

Conclusion:

This study demonstrated that patients with HbA1C ≥6.0% had more unfavorable 3-
month mRS, higher symptomatic hemorrhage, and a higher degree of mortality than those with
HbA1C <6.0%. Higher HbA1C and admission serum glucose levels are independent predictors of
unfavorable clinical outcomes in LAO patients treated with MT.
Effect of Cabergoline on Cognitive Impairments in Transgenic Drosophila Model of Parkinson’s Disease
Authors: Siddique Yasir Hasan , Rahul  , Idrisi Mantasha , Shahid Mohd.
Published: May 2020

Background:

Parkinson’s disease is a common neurodegenerative disorder characterized
by selective loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta.

Introduction:

The effects of alpha synuclein, parkin mutation and pharmacological agents have
been studied in the Drosophila model.

Methods:

The effect of cabergoline was studied on the cognitive impairments exhibited by the
transgenic Drosophila expressing human alpha-synuclein in the neurons. The PD flies were allowed
to feed on the diet having 0.5, 1 and 1.5 μM of cabergoline.

Results and Discussion:

The exposure of cabergoline not only showed a dose-dependent significant
delay in the cognitive impairments but also prevented the loss of dopaminergic neurons. Molecular
docking studies showed the positive interaction between cabergoline and alpha-synuclein.

Conclusion:

The results suggest a protective effect of cabergoline against the cognitive impairments.
Efficacy of the detection of the early symptoms of Cancer cell, Prevention and the diagnosis procedure
Authors: Islam Md Mahfujul , Molla Md Al Amin
Published: May 2020

:

The aim to examine the signs for the potency of interventions to raise cancer awareness along with promote early
demonstration in most cancers to share with future and policy investigation. Several peer-reviewed journals as well as books,
conference paper and authentic website (like as NCBI, PubMed, CRI, CRU, Google Scholar, MEDLINE, Web of Science, etc.) Also,
we looked for bibliographic databases and reference lists Such as randomized controlled trials of interventions brought to Individuals
and commanded or uncontrolled reports of interventions brought to communities. The results found the signs that interventions reach
to people subconsciously increase the cancer awareness from the short term and inadequate signs they advertise premature
demonstration. This analysis helps to find appropriate info about categorizing the early indicators of many kinds of cancer cells on
addition to appropriate guidelines to conquer cancer in low-Mid center income areas. Whereas contained the structured screening
program, which helps detect cancer early and having a heightened chance of therapeutic and treatment content, taking essential
measures to elevate the consciousness of the detectable symptoms.
Novel Aminopyrazole Tagged Hydrazones as Anti-Tubercular Agents: Synthesis and Molecular Docking Studies
Authors: Padmini Thatavarthi , Bhikshapathi Darna , Suresh Kandagatla , Kulkarni Ravindra , Kamal Bigala R.
Published: May 2020

Background:

Pyrazole derivatives have been reported to possess numerous pharmacological
activities viz., anti-inflammatory, antipsychotic, etc. Our group has disclosed that pyrazole
benzamides display potent antibacterial and anti-tubercular activities.

Objective:

Synthesis of new pyrazole acetamides which possess hydrazone group to be evaluated
for antitubercular activity.

Methods:

The key intermediate 5-aminopyrazole was synthesized with the known procedure,
which is then converted into chloroacetamide. This compound than resulted in hydrazine derivative
and finally converted into aromatic hydrazones. All the compounds were screened for antitubercular
activity.

Results:

All the synthesized compounds have been characterized by their spectral data obtained
and subjected to anti-tubercular activity. Among all the twenty tested compounds, three compounds,
5a5, 5b5 and 5b7 have demonstrated MIC value of 3.12 μg/mL against MTB H37Rv.
Docking studies revealed important hydrogen bonding interactions with InhA.

Conclusion:

Three compounds 5a5, 5b5 and 5b7 were found to be most potent among the series
of compounds. Docking studies of compounds explained the presence of hydrogen bonding and π-
π stacking interactions with InhA. Further synthesis of more such derivatives with optimized
groups would produce compounds with more potent anti-tubercular activity.
impact of TV content on audience’ perception of materialism
Authors: Muneer Saba , Munir Samara
Published: May 2020

The researcher’s intent in the study is to explore television as a cause of materialism. The objective of this study pertains to explore the Impact of TV content (dramas, movies, talk shows, morning shows, awards shows, political shows, comedy shows, TV ads) on the audience’s perception of materialism. The study has been conducted on the citizens of Lahore. The results show a positive relationship between television watching and perceived materialism. Heavy exposure to TV watching increases materialism and has been found to have a significant effect on viewers’ materialistic perception. The purpose of the study is to make significant contributions to the field of research.