bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Exploring Consumption of Ultra‐Processed Foods and Diet Quality in the Context of Popular Low Carbohydrate and Plant‐Based Dietary Approaches
Authors: De La Motte Kayla‐Anne Lenferna , Campbell Jessica L. , Zinn Caryn
Published: October 2024

This study investigates diet quality across four popular dietary patterns: Ketogenic Diet, Low‐Carbohydrate Healthy‐Fat, Vegetarian, and Vegan, employing the NOVA and Human Interference Scoring System (HISS) classification systems. Utilizing a modified Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ) and analyzing 168 participants' dietary habits, the research identifies notable differences in dietary quality among the dietary patterns. While all groups reported lower consumption of UPFs than the general population, plant‐based diets demonstrated higher UPF consumption than ketogenic and low carbohydrate diets. The study reveals that both NOVA and HISS effectively identify UPFs, with significant differences observed at various processing levels, except for UPFs where both systems showed similarity. This research contributes to the detailed understanding of diet quality within popular dietary patterns, highlighting the importance of considering food processing in dietary choices and the need for ongoing research to further elucidate the health implications of different types of UPFs.
Uptake of alpha‐synuclein preformed fibrils is suppressed by inflammation and induces an aberrant phenotype in human microglia
Authors: Niskanen Jonna , Peltonen Sanni , Ohtonen Sohvi , Fazaludeen Mohammad Feroze , Luk Kelvin C. , Giudice Luca , Koistinaho Jari , Malm Tarja , Goldsteins Gundars , Albert Katrina , Lehtonen Šárka
Published: October 2024

Microglia are brain resident immune cells that maintain proteostasis and cellular homeostasis. Recent findings suggest that microglia dysfunction could contribute to the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease (PD). One of the hallmarks of PD is the aggregation and accumulation of alpha‐synuclein (αSyn) into Lewy bodies inside nerve cells. Microglia may worsen the neuronal microenvironment by persistent inflammation, resulting in deficient clearing of aggregated αSyn. To model microglial behavior in PD, we utilized human induced pluripotent stem cells to generate functionally active microglia. We studied the microglial uptake of alpha‐synuclein preformed fibrils (PFFs) and the effect of pro‐inflammatory stimulation by interferon gamma. We demonstrate that combined exposure disrupts the phagosome maturation pathway while inflammatory stimuli suppress chaperone mediated autophagy and mitochondrial function. Furthermore, inflammatory stimulation impairs PFF uptake in microglia and increases cytokine production. Moreover, excessive PFF uptake by microglia results in induction of inducible nitric oxide synthase. Taken together, we demonstrate that this model is valuable for investigating the behavior of microglia in PD and provide new insights on how human microglia process aggregated αSyn.
Long‐term outcome of 2‐year survivors after allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation for acute leukemia
Authors: Larue Marion , Labopin Myriam , Schroeder Thomas , Huang Xiao‐jun , Blau Igor W. , Schetelig Johannes , Ganser Arnold , Hamladji Rose‐Marie , Bethge Wolfgang , Kröger Nicolaus , Socié Gerard , Salmenniemi Urpu , Sengeloev Henrik , Dholaria Bhagirathbhai , Savani Bipin N. , Nagler Arnon , Ciceri Fabio , Mohty Mohamad
Published: October 2024

Information on late complications in patients with acute leukemia who have undergone allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) is limited. We performed a left‐truncated analysis of long‐term survival in patients with acute leukemia who were alive and disease‐free 2 years after HCT. We included 2701 patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and 9027 patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) who underwent HCT between 2005 and 2012. The 10‐year overall survival (OS) rate was 81.3% for ALL and 76.2% for AML, with the main causes of late mortality being relapse (ALL‐33.9%, AML‐44.9%) and chronic graft‐versus‐host disease (ALL‐29%, AML‐18%). At 10 years, HCT‐related mortality was 16.8% and 20.4%, respectively. Older age and unrelated donor transplantation were associated with a worse prognosis for both types of leukemia. In addition, transplantation in the second or third complete remission and peripheral blood HSC for ALL are associated with worse outcomes. Similarly, adverse cytogenetics, female donor to male patient combination, and reduced intensity conditioning in AML contribute to poor prognosis. We conclude that 2‐year survival in remission after HCT for acute leukemia is encouraging, with OS of nearly 80% at 10 years. However, the long‐term mortality risk of HCT survivors remains significantly higher than that of the age‐matched general population. These findings underscore the importance of tailoring transplantation strategies to improve long‐term outcomes in patients with acute leukemia undergoing HCT.
Vogt‐Koyanagi‐Harada disease‐like uveitis induced by nivolumab in metastatic renal cell carcinoma
Authors: Imai Hitomi , Koguchi Tomoyuki , Harigane Yuki , Yaginuma Kei , Meguro Satoru , Hoshi Seiji , Hata Junya , Akaihata Hidenori , Ogawa Soichiro , Kojima Yoshiyuki
Published: October 2024

Introduction

Nivolumab can cause various immune‐related adverse events; it rarely induces Vogt‐Koyanagi‐Harada‐disease‐like uveitis. Vogt‐Koyanagi‐Harada‐disease is reported to be closely associated with human leukocyte antigen‐DR4.

Case presentation

A 68‐year‐old man with metastatic renal cancer underwent nephrectomy. Computed tomography showed multiple lung tumors, raising suspicion of lung metastases. However, one lung hilar mass was suspected to be primary lung cancer, leading to a lobectomy, which subsequently revealed lung metastases of renal cancer. The patient underwent nivolumab treatment but developed Vogt‐Koyanagi‐Harada‐disease‐like uveitis as an immune‐related adverse event. Human leukocyte antigen‐DR4 alleles were identified, and the uveitis improved with topical steroids. He maintained partial response of lung metastases after nivolumab resumption. Immunohistochemical staining revealed significantly higher human leukocyte antigen‐DR4 expression in lung metastasis than primary renal cancer.

Conclusion

Despite inducing Vogt‐Koyanagi‐Harada‐disease‐like uveitis, nivolumab controlled cancer progression effectively. Immunohistochemical staining results suggest the potential involvement of human leukocyte antigen‐DR4 expression in both the onset of Vogt‐Koyanagi‐Harada‐disease‐like uveitis and nivolumab efficacy.
Adapting cybersecurity maturity models for resource‐constrained settings: A case study of Peru
Authors: Lee GangSeok , Kim SuHyun , Lee ImYoung , Brown Suzana , Carbajal Yuri Aldoradin
Published: October 2024

Developing countries are rapidly embracing digitalization, but this exposes them to heightened cybersecurity risks. They often look to standard established cybersecurity models from developed countries to build their national defenses. However, significant developmental, political, social, and economic differences can render these models unsuitable for developing countries. This study addresses this gap by proposing a new framework that would be more useful in a developing country context. We first examine existing cybersecurity maturity models (CMMs) and metrics. Through a case study of Peru's national computer security incident response team (CSIRT), we assess the applicability of the security incident management maturity model (SIM3) and the security operation center CMM (SOC‐CMM) frameworks. By applying these frameworks to the Peruvian context, we identify limitations in standard maturity models for developing countries. In response, we propose a novel framework that allows developing countries like Peru to leverage existing models by tailoring them to their specific environment. This tailored approach can be a powerful tool for developing countries to improve and build their cybersecurity on a national level.
Effects of WN1703 on Cardiovascular Function in Chronic Hyperuricemia Rats and Myocardial Injury Mechanism Exploration in H9C2 Cells
Authors: Lu Xiaodan , Liu Fuyao , Chen Hongming , Cai Haojie , Zhang Lei , Li Jing
Published: October 2024

Hyperuricemia, a prevalent condition, is typically preceded by disturbances in purine metabolism and is frequently associated with hyperlipidemia and other dysfunctions of metabolism. WN1703 demonstrated an inhibitory activity against xanthine oxidoreductase (XOR) that was comparable to febuxostat in our prior investigation. In this study, we assessed the cardiovascular safety of WN1703 in a chronic hyperuricemia rat model induced by potassium oxonate in combination with hypoxanthine. We investigated the changes in cardiovascular biomarkers in chronic hyperuricemia rats treated with febuxostat and WN1703, including creatine kinase (CK), CK‐MB, B type natriuretic peptide (BNP), Corin protein (CRN), Neprilysin (NEP), myeloperoxidase (MPO), 8‐hydroxy‐2‐deoxyguanosine (8‐OHdG), tumor necrosis factor (TNF‐α), interleukin‐1β (IL‐1β), and interleukin‐8 (IL‐8). Additionally, we validated the potential mechanism of cardiac injury induced by WN1703 in H9C2 cells, guided by cardiotoxicity predictions from the cardioToxCSM database and network pharmacology. We observed that excessively rapid urate‐lowering, oxidative stress, and inflammation could disrupt myocardial functional homeostasis and increase the risk of cardiovascular injury in hyperuricemia rats, and WN1703 treatment effectively reduced the levels oxidative stress marker 8‐OHdG and inflammatory factor TNF‐α. Despite the absence of organic damage to the heart with prolonged treatment of febuxostat and WN1703, potential hazard of cardiovascular injury could be associated with the modulation of the TGFβ and RHO/ROCK signaling pathways by febuxostat and WN1703. This could offer new insights into the mechanisms underlying the adverse effects caused by XOR inhibitors.
Fragment and torsion biasing algorithms for construction of small organic molecules in proteins using DOCK
Authors: Bickel John D. , Boysan Brock T. , Rizzo Robert C.
Published: October 2024

The computational construction of small organic molecules (de novo design), directly in a protein binding site, is an effective means for generating novel ligands tailored to fit the pocket environment. In this work, we present two new methods, which aim to improve de novo design outcomes using (1) biasing algorithms to prioritize selection and/or acceptance of fragments and torsions during growth, and (2) parallel‐based clustering and pruning algorithms to remove duplicate molecules as candidate fragment are added. Large‐scale testing encompassing thousands of simulations were employed to interrogate the methods in terms of multiple metrics which include numbers of duplicate molecules generated, pairwise‐similarity, focused library reconstruction rates, fragment and torsion frequencies, fragment and torsion rank scores, interaction energy and drug‐likeness scores, and 3D pose comparisons. The biasing algorithms, particularly those that include fragment and torsion components simultaneously, led to molecules that more closely mimicked the distributions of fragments and torsions found in drug‐like libraries. The new parallel‐based clustering and pruning algorithms, compared with the existing serial approach, also led to larger ensembles comprised of topologically unique molecules with much greater efficiency by removing redundant growth paths.
Pre‐training strategy for antiviral drug screening with low‐data graph neural network: A case study in HIV‐1 K103N reverse transcriptase
Authors: Boonpalit Kajjana , Chuntakaruk Hathaichanok , Kinchagawat Jiramet , Wolschann Peter , Hannongbua Supot , Rungrotmongkol Thanyada , Nutanong Sarana
Published: October 2024

Graph neural networks (GNN) offer an alternative approach to boost the screening effectiveness in drug discovery. However, their efficacy is often hindered by limited datasets. To address this limitation, we introduced a robust GNN training framework, applied to various chemical databases to identify potent non‐nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs) against the challenging K103N‐mutated HIV‐1 RT. Leveraging self‐supervised learning (SSL) pre‐training to tackle data scarcity, we screened 1,824,367 compounds, using multi‐step approach that incorporated machine learning (ML)‐based screening, analysis of absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME) prediction, drug‐likeness properties, and molecular docking. Ultimately, 45 compounds were left as potential candidates with 17 of the compounds were previously identified as NNRTIs, exemplifying the model's efficacy. The remaining 28 compounds are anticipated to be repurposed for new uses. Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations on repurposed candidates unveiled two promising preclinical drugs: one designed against Plasmodium falciparum and the other serving as an antibacterial agent. Both have superior binding affinity compared to anti‐HIV drugs. This conceptual framework could be adapted for other disease‐specific therapeutics, facilitating the identification of potent compounds effective against both WT and mutants while revealing novel scaffolds for drug design and discovery.
Choice of blood collection methods influences extracellular vesicles counts and miRNA profiling
Authors: Tran Vivian , Oliveira‐Jr Getulio Pereira de , Chidester Stephanie , Lu Shulin , Pleet Michelle L. , Ivanov Alexander R. , Tigges John , Yang Moua , Jacobson Steven , Gonçalves Maria C. B. , Schmaier Alec A. , Jones Jennifer , Ghiran Ionita C.
Published: October 2024

Circulating RNAs have been investigated systematically for over 20 years, both as constituents of circulating extracellular vesicles (EVs) or, more recently, non‐EV RNA carriers, such as exomeres and supermeres. The high level of variability and low reproducibility rate of EV/extracellular RNA (exRNA) results generated even on the same biofluids promoted several efforts to limit pre‐analytical variability by standardizing sample collection and sample preparation, along with instrument validation, setup and calibration. Anticoagulants (ACs) are often chosen based on the initial goal of the study and not necessarily for the later EV and/or exRNA analyses. We show the effects of blood collection on EV size, abundance, and antigenic composition, as well on the miRNAs. Our focus of this work was on the effect of ACs on the number and antigenic composition of circulating EVs and on a set of circulating miRNA species, which were shown to be relevant as disease markers in several cancers and Alzheimer's disease. Results show that while the number of plasma EVs, their relative size, and post‐fluorescence labeling profile varied with each AC, their overall antigenic composition, with few exceptions, did not change significantly. However, the number of EVs expressing platelet and platelet‐activation markers increased in serum samples. For overall miRNA expression levels, EDTA was a better AC, although this may have been associated with stimulation of cells in the blood collection tube. Citrate and serum rendered better results for a set of miRNAs that were described as circulating markers for Alzheimer's disease, colon, and papillary thyroid cancers.
A Novel Rhodamine‐Tetraphenylporphyrin Fluorescence Probe for Imaging Mercury In Vitro and In Vivo
Authors: Li Ling , Yao Yinuo , Wang Xiaowan , Yu Yaoqi , Ji Tailong , Li Han , Li Yi , Liu Yuanyuan
Published: October 2024

A highly selective fluorescent sensor Por‐RBO for determination of Hg2+ was designed and synthesized with Rhodamine B and Tetraphenylporphyrin. The sensor can determine the Hg2+ of a solution within the pH 5.0–8.0, free from interference of other metal ions. When detected in buffer solution, the fluorescence was the strongest when five times the concentration of Hg2+ ion was added. Calculated by fluorescence titration method, the detection limit of sensor Por‐RBO for Hg2+ ion was as low as 0.12 μmol/L. The geometries of Por‐RBO and Por‐RBO‐Hg2+ were optimized at the B3LYP/6‐31G** level by density functional theory. The charge distribution, orbital interactions, and bonding characteristics were analyzed and compared in detail to discuss the recognition mechanism and structure–fluorescence property relationships. The results of cell fluorescence imaging and CCK‐8 experiments indicate that the sensor Por‐RBO exhibits lower cytotoxicity. Por‐RBO can be used for fluorescence distribution imaging of Hg2+ in living cells.
A Global Analysis of Historical and Future Changes in Mediterranean Climate‐Type Regions
Authors: Urdiales‐Flores Diego , Zittis George , Hadjinicolaou Panos , Cherchi Annalisa , Alessandri Andrea , Peleg Nadav , Lelieveld Jos
Published: October 2024

Mediterranean climate‐type regions (MCRs) are characterised by warm‐to‐hot dry summers and mild‐wet winters. These regions are typically found on the western or southern edges of continents, for example, in the Mediterranean Basin, the west coast of North and South America, southern Africa and southwest Australia. The MCRs are vulnerable to climate variability and change related to their unique characteristics, such as pronounced rainfall seasonality and prolonged hot and dry summers. Based on historical observations and CMIP6 climate projections, we apply an empirical bio‐climatic assessment of how the geographic distribution of MCRs has changed during the last century and how these zones will be further impacted under continued warming. Results indicate a poleward and eastward expansion of MCRs in the Mediterranean Basin, North America‐California and South America‐Central Chile regions. For parts of Southern Africa and Southern Australia, a retreat of the MCR margins and an expansion of more arid climate zones are projected. These shifts are particularly profound according to high emission and radiative forcing pathways and future scenarios. The warming in MCRs is projected to accelerate (e.g., mean regional warming of up to 5.5°C under a 4°C global warming scenario), and precipitation will decrease by about 5%–10% for every additional degree of global warming. One exception is the California MCR, where rainfall will likely increase. Such changes can challenge water resources, food security and other aspects of human livelihood and ecosystems in these unique geographical zones.
The synergistic immunomodulatory activity of Lycium barbarum glycopeptide and isochlorogenic acid A on RAW264.7 cells
Authors: Xu Ge , Yu Zhipeng , Zhao Wenzhu
Published: October 2024

BACKGROUND

Regulation of the immune system to maintain homeostasis in the organism has become a focus of research, and the synergistic effect of multi‐component complexes will effectively improve the immunomodulatory activity. The present study aimed to investigate the interaction and synergistic immunomodulatory activity of isochlorogenic acid A (IAA) and Lycium barbarum glycopeptide (LbGp).

RESULTS

The results obtained indicated that non‐covalent intermolecular interactions were employed to form the LbGp–IAA complex, with a binding ratio of 135.15 mg g−1. The formation of LbGp–IAA complex altered the conformation of LbGp, and IAA was mainly bound to LbGp by van der Waals forces and hydrogen bonds. In addition, LbGp–IAA promoted the proliferation of RAW264.7 cells. The IAA and LbGp interaction had a synergistic effect on the promotion of phagocytosis and the expression of nitric oxide, tumor necrosis faction‐α and interleukin‐1β, which improved the immunomodulatory effect of LbGp. Furthermore, the combination of LbGp and IAA synergistically inhibited lipopolysaccharide‐induced inflammatory response.

CONCLUSION

In summary, the binding of IAA enhanced the immunomodulatory activity of LbGp and coordinated the immune response, and did not trigger an inflammatory response, which was potentially attributed to the alteration of spatial structure of LbGp through the binding of IAA. The results provide new perspectives for the study of glycopeptide–polyphenol interactions. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
Accelerated oxygenation for the production of fortified (mystelle‐type) sweet wines: effects on the chemical and flavor profile
Authors: Bianchi Alessandro , Pettinelli Stefano , Pittari Elisabetta , Paoli Leonardo , Sanmartin Chiara , Pons Alexandre , Mencarelli Fabio , Piombino Paola
Published: October 2024

BACKGROUND

Fortified wine is an important category in the wine world with very famous wines such as Porto or Jerez‐wine type. The quality of fortified wines increased significantly with barrel aging not only because of a long oxidation process, but also because, in Porto wines such as Ruby or Vintage styles, the long period in bottle permits their fining. Reducing the time of oxidation can favor the development of this technique even for less known sweet wines, making them good quality and less expensive. In the present study, we have used Gamay red variety subjected to postharvest controlled dehydration at 20–22 °C and 70–75% relative humidity with an airflow of 1 m s−1. Then the grapes were pressed, and alcohol was added to the must up to an alcohol content of 15.85% (mystelle‐type wine). The mass was split into six glass jars, three were oxygenated (OX) and three not (Control), and the oxygenation lasted 62 days.

RESULTS

Wine that was oxygenated had a slightly higher volatile acidity, lower alcohol content (13.00%), and lower anthocyanins and polyphenols content. In term of volatile organic compounds (VOCs), the Control wine had a higher content of alcohols, whereas the OX sample had a higher content of lactones, furans and esters. Sensory evaluation confirmed the VOCs analysis; the two wines had a statistically different profile depending on the oxidation treatment. In general, OX wine was more appreciated in terms of visual attractiveness, taste and olfactory pleasantness.

CONCLUSION

In conclusion, the technique described in the present study could be a valid alternative to traditional aging of fortified sweet wines, reducing time and costs. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
Assessment and Multiscenario Simulation of Land Use and Ecosystem Services Interactions in Inner Mongolia
Authors: Dai Zhen‐Zhong , Chang Sen , Zhu Zhi‐Yuan , Duan Jia‐Jia , Jiang Tian‐Yu , Wu Wen‐Qiang , Feng Yong‐Zhong , Yang Gai‐He , Wang Xing
Published: October 2024

Balancing land development and ecological protection poses significant challenges for sustainable development in arid and semi‐arid regions like Inner Mongolia. This study uses the integrated valuation of ecosystem services (ESs) trade‐offs model and patch‐generated land‐use simulation model to analyze the impacts of land‐use/cover (LULC) changes on ESs from 2005 to 2020 and simulate scenarios for 2035. The results show that (1) ecological governance efforts improved the comprehensive ecological index (CEI), habitat quality, and soil conservation capacity but led to a decrease in the annual water yield (AWY) in the eastern region. Additionally, the conversion of grassland and forest land to construction land and farmland caused slight declines in carbon sequestration and increased nitrogen export. (2) The external driving factors of different ESs vary, and the internal relationships within ESs have also changed. Notably, changes in LULC transformed the synergy between AWY and habitat quality into a trade‐off relationship after 2010 due to increased forest and grassland. (3) Among the five land‐use scenarios, the comprehensive development scenario combined with zonal management strategies can achieve the sustainable development goals of economic growth, ecological protection, and food security. This study clarifies the internal and external factors affecting ESs in Inner Mongolia and provides a scientific basis for future LULC management and ecological governance policies. It fills a gap in the spatiotemporal simulation of ESs under multiple scenarios in this region. These findings offer valuable references for promoting sustainable development in similar arid and semi‐arid regions, highlighting the importance of integrating multi‐objective strategies and adaptive management practices to balance ecological and economic objectives.
Innovative and Cost‐Effective Approaches to the Measurement of Sediment Levels in Small Water Reservoirs
Authors: Paseka Stanislav
Published: October 2024

Sedimentation in small water reservoirs poses a critical challenge with significant environmental, economic, and social implications. To address this issue, this study will employ three measurement techniques—GNSS RTK Trimble R8s, Echolot HDS LIVE 7 with Active Imaging 3‐in‐1, and the Mivardi Carp Scout bait boat—to assess sediment levels in Žebětínský Pond in Brno, Czech Republic. The research reveals that each method offers distinct advantages and limitations. Through measurement and triangulated networks, the study creates a digital terrain model that facilitates the determination of reservoir volume and sediment levels. The comparison shows that the cost‐effective alternatives, Echolot HDS LIVE 7 and Mivardi Carp Scout, provide sufficiently accurate results. The evaluation shows that while the GNSS RTK Trimble R8s has the highest level of accuracy and is unique in its ability to measure both along the shoreline of the reservoir and the hard bottom, it comes with increased costs and logistical challenges. The Echolot HDS LIVE 7 and Mivardi Carp Scout offer efficient, cost‐effective solutions that are suitable for a quick estimate of sediment thickness. This research contributes to the use of reliable mathematical models and water management strategies, advocating for a pragmatic approach to the selection of methods based on the project characteristics. The study provides valuable insights into sediment measurement techniques, guiding future endeavors in reservoir management and environmental conservation. It is also used to easily indicate the loss of arable land in the catchment upstream of the reservoir.
Artificial Grassland Revegetation Improves Soil Water Retention and Storage Capacity of the Degraded Hillside Alpine Meadow
Authors: Ma Yulei , Meng Lingchao , Liu Yifan , Pinos Juan , Shi Zhihua , Wu Gao‐Lin
Published: October 2024

The crucial role of soil water retention and storage in soil hydrology and the water cycle is well established. However, in sensitive and degraded ecosystems like alpine meadows, the effectiveness of revegetation in enhancing these critical functions remains understudied. This study investigates the effects of revegetating severely degraded hillside meadows with artificial grasslands on soil water retention and storage capacity in the Qinghai‐Tibetan Plateau. Soil analyses at a depth of 0–20 cm revealed significant improvements in soil properties after revegetation, with increases in soil organic matter content (86.8%), total porosity (11.9%), capillary porosity (31.6%), and clay content (13.5%). Both the saturated hydraulic conductivity (Ks) and field capacity (FC) increased markedly, by 9.7% and 63.7% in the upper layer (0–10 cm) and 21.7% and 69.6% in the lower layer (10–20 cm), respectively. Structural equation modeling identified bulk density, root mass density, FC, capillary porosity, and clay content as the dominant direct factors influencing Ks with path coefficients of −0.56, 0.30, −0.53, 0.57, and −0.12, respectively, while vegetation cover and aboveground biomass were found to have indirect influences. These findings demonstrate that revegetation with artificial grasslands effectively improves soil water retention and storage capacity in degraded hillside alpine meadows by regulating key soil hydraulic and physical properties. This enhanced water‐holding capacity has significant implications for understanding the dynamics of revegetation by artificial grassland establishment in improving ecosystem health and eco‐hydrological functions in these vulnerable environments. Furthermore, the study provides valuable insights and a theoretical basis for developing ecological restoration solutions for degraded hillside meadows in other alpine regions.
Soil Erosion Under Climate and Land Use Changes in China: Incorporating Ecological Policy Constraints
Authors: Zhang Yi , Zeng Yi , Zong Renjie , Fang Nufang
Published: October 2024

Projections of soil erosion under climate and land use changes are pivotal for optimizing soil conservation strategies. Ecological policies are thought to influence future land‐use changes and associated soil erosion dynamics. However, these policies are inadequately incorporated into projections, leaving the future trajectory of soil erosion still unclear. China's ecological redline policy (ERP) is among the first national policies to integrate multiple ecosystem services into land use planning, preventing anthropogenic soil erosion on over 25% of the territory. Therefore, focusing on China, three alternative Shared Socioeconomic Pathway and Representative Concentration Pathway scenarios (SSP1‐2.6, SSP3‐7.0, and SSP5‐8.5) were coupled with future‐oriented ERP to reflect future soil erosion patterns by the late‐21st century. Projections rely on an integrated multi‐model approach. The conducted analysis suggests that climate change is projected to exacerbate soil erosion by 12.06%–36.90% due to increased precipitation, characterized by high‐intensity events. Land use change is projected to mitigate or even reverse the climate‐induced increase in soil erosion. The combined climate and land use simulations showed that the annual average soil erosion rate will increase by 26.36% under the SSP5‐8.5 scenario, while it will decrease by 8.08% and 14.94% under the SSP1‐2.6 and SSP3‐7.0 scenarios, respectively. The implementation of ERP reduces potential soil erosion by 4.08%–14.89% (equal to 0.31–0.86 Gt year−1 soil loss) in the late‐21st century, particularly in scenarios with intensive conflicts between population and land sources. This study provides a valuable reference for the formulation of national strategies aimed at controlling soil loss accelerated by climate change.
Delineation of Management Zones for Site‐Specific Soil Nutrient Management for Sustainable Crop Production
Authors: Shukla Arvind Kumar , Behera Sanjib Kumar , Kumar Pardeep , Mishra Rahul , Shukla Vimal , Pachauri Satya Pratap , Sikaniya Yogesh , Srivastava Prakash Chandra , Sikarwar Akanksha , Kumar Dileep , Datta Siba Prasad
Published: October 2024

Soil nutrients deficiencies are one of the major causes of soil degradation in different parts of World, adversely impacting crop production. Delineation of soil nutrients management zones (MZs) is one of the commonly used techniques for evaluating spatial distribution pattern of soil parameters for adoption of site‐specific nutrient management. We, therefore, conducted the present study to understand the spatial distribution pattern of soil nutrients and their associated soil properties, and to delineate soil nutrients MZs in a north‐western Indian Himalayan (NWIH) region. A total of 18,930 representative surface (0–15 cm depth) soil samples were collected and processed. The processed soil sample were analyzed for pH, and electrical conductivity (EC), soil organic carbon (SOC), available N (AN), available P (AP), available potassium (AK), exchangeable Ca (Ex. Ca), exchangeable Mg (Ex. Mg), available S (AS), available Zn (AZn), available Fe (AFe), available Cu (ACu), available Mn (AMn) and available B (AB). The values of studied soil parameters varied widely with coefficient of variation ranging from 11.8% to 156%. Semivariogram analysis revealed stable, exponential and Gaussian best‐fit models for different soil parameters with weak (AP and AB), moderate (rest of soil parameters) and strong (AS) spatial dependence. Varied distribution pattern of soil parameters was visualized from ordinary kriging interpolation. Five soil nutrient management zones (MZs) were identified (using fuzzy performance index and normalized classification entropy values) by employing the techniques of principal component analysis and fuzzy c‐means clustering. Principal components with Eigen value > 1 were considered for further analysis. The soil parameters of identified MZs differed significantly. Thus, the study highlighted the usefulness of MZ delineation technique for site‐specific soil nutrient management in different cultivated areas for sustainable crop production. The developed MZ maps could suitably be used for efficient management of agronomic inputs especially fertilizer nutrients for improved environmental and economic efficiency.
Rod‐Like Microcrystal Scintillators Based on Organic–Inorganic Hybrid Copper Halides for X‐Ray Imaging
Authors: Cui Haixia , Yan Yurou , Feng Zhe , Zhu Yongkang , Feng Yuhui , Liu Shujuan , Zhao Qiang
Published: October 2024

Copper‐based organic–inorganic hybrid halides (OIHHs) have garnered significant interest in X‐ray imaging due to their flexible structural adjustability, efficient light emission, strong X‐ray absorption, etc. Herein, four copper‐based OIHH crystals composed of the same organic ligands (isopropyl triphenylphosphonium cations, IPP+) and inorganic parts (Cu2I42−) are synthesized by varying the ratios of raw materials and types of reaction solvents. Although these crystals share identical structures, they exhibit different luminescent behaviors (blue, green, white, and yellow) attributed to vacancy defects originating from CuI. Notably, the novel copper‐based OIHH (CP2) with green emission shows the best luminescence efficiency (99.54%) and excellent scintillation performance (50675 photons MeV−1). The traditional technology of scintillation screens mixing scintillator powders and polymers often results in light scattering due to powder aggregation and inhomogeneity. To address this challenge, the dispersant polyvinyl pyrrolidone is introduced to prepare uniform rod‐like microcrystals of CP2. The scintillation screen based on CP2 microcrystals achieves a high spatial resolution of 16–18 lp mm−1, surpassing the resolution of most copper‐based OIHH scintillators. Furthermore, it is imaging capabilities are validated using a commercial X‐ray flat panel detector, demonstrating imaging performance comparable to that of commercial scintillators.
Impaired Gait, Postural Instability, and Rigidity in Relation to CB1 Receptor Availability in Parkinson's Disease
Authors: Ajalin Riikka , Al‐Abdulrasul Haidar , Tuisku Jouni M. , Hirvonen Jussi , Lahdenpohja Salla , Rinne Juha O. , Brück Anna
Published: October 2024

Background

In Parkinson's disease (PD), postural instability and gait disorder (PIGD) symptoms are associated with a worse prognosis for an unknown reason.

Objective

The objective was to explore the relationship between cannabinoid receptor type 1 (CB1R) availability and motor symptoms in PD with [18F]FMPEP‐d2 positron emission tomography (PET).

Methods

Fifteen individuals with PD underwent [18F]FMPEP‐d2 PET to measure cerebral CB1R availability. The Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale motor part (UPDRS‐III) was used to evaluate the motor symptoms.

Results

A negative correlation was observed between [18F]FMPEP‐d2 VT and PIGD score (P = 0.002) as well as rigidity subscore (P < 0.001). Both clusters covered widespread areas of both hemispheres. In contrast, tremor or bradykinesia did not correlate to [18F]FMPEP‐d2 VT.

Conclusions

Gait, postural instability, and rigidity in PD are associated with decreased CB1R availability, unlike tremor or bradykinesia, suggesting that the endocannabinoid system has a role in the pathophysiology of different motor symptoms in PD. © 2024 The Author(s). Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
Inverse problems of the wave equation for media with mixed but separated heterogeneous parts
Authors: Kawashita Mishio , Kawashita Wakako
Published: October 2024

In this article, the inverse problems for the wave equation in a medium in which multiple types of cavities and inclusion exist in a mixture are considered. From the point of view of the indicator function of the enclosure method, there are two types of heterogeneous parts: “minus group” and “plus group.” For example, cavities with the Dirichlet boundary condition belong to the minus group, while inclusions with smaller propagation velocity belong to the plus group. The heterogeneous part of the minus group gives a negative sign to the indicator function, and the heterogeneous part of the plus group gives a positive sign. In general, the presence of many types of heterogeneous parts causes cancelation of the sign of the indicator function. Such cases are referred to as “mixed cases.” Here, we consider the case that the shortest length obtained from the indicator function is attained only by heterogeneous parts of the same group. This case is called the “mixed but separated case,” and it is shown that the method of elliptic estimates developed by Ikehata works well. We also show that the case of a two‐layered background medium with a flat layer can be considered in the same way as the case of a homogeneous background medium.
A lower bound estimate of solutions to the Cauchy problems for a hyperbolic Monge–Ampère equation
Authors: Wang Zenggui , Xu Hui , Liu Minyuan
Published: October 2024

This paper investigates the Cauchy problems for a hyperbolic Monge–Ampère equation which can be reduced to a quasilinear hyperbolic system via Riemannian invariants. Based on the first a priori estimate of the solutions, the second a priori estimate of the derivation of the solutions, and the third a priori estimate of the continuous mould of the first‐order partial derivatives of the solutions to quasilinear hyperbolic system, a lower bound estimate of classical solutions to the Cauchy problems for a hyperbolic Monge–Ampère equation is derived.
Comprehensive quantitative magnetic resonance imaging assessment of skeletal muscle pathophysiology in golden retriever muscular dystrophy: Insights from multicomponent water T2 and extracellular volume fraction
Authors: Caldas de Almeida Araujo Ericky , Barthélémy Inès , Fromes Yves , Baudin Pierre‐Yves , Blot Stéphane , Reyngoudt Harmen , Marty Benjamin
Published: October 2024

Quantitative MRI and MRS have become important tools for the assessment and management of patients with neuromuscular disorders (NMDs). Despite significant progress, there is a need for new objective measures with improved specificity to the underlying pathophysiological alteration. This would enhance our ability to characterize disease evolution and improve therapeutic development. In this study, qMRI methods that are commonly used in clinical studies involving NMDs, like water T2 (T2H2O) and T1 and fat‐fraction (FF) mapping, were employed to evaluate disease activity and progression in the skeletal muscle of golden retriever muscular dystrophy (GRMD) dogs. Additionally, extracellular volume (ECV) fraction and single‐voxel bicomponent water T2 relaxometry were included as potential markers of specific histopathological changes within the tissue. Apart from FF, which was not significantly different between GRMD and control dogs and showed no trend with age, T2H2O, T1, ECV, and the relative fraction of the long‐T2 component, A2, were significantly elevated in GRMD dogs across all age ranges. Moreover, longitudinal assessment starting at 2 months of age revealed significant decreases in T2H2O, T1, ECV, A2, and the T2 of the shorter‐T2 component, T21, in both control and GRMD dogs during their first year of life. Notably, insights from ECV and bicomponent water T2 indicate that (I) the elevated T2H2O and T1 values observed in dystrophic muscle are primarily driven by an expansion of the extracellular space, likely driven by the edematous component of inflammatory responses to tissue injury and (II) the significant decrease of T2H2O and T1 with age in control and GRMD dogs reflects primarily the progressive increase in fiber diameter and protein content during tissue development. Our study underscores the potential of multicomponent water T2 relaxometry and ECV to provide valuable insights into muscle pathology in NMDs.
Mass spectrometry‐based proteomics for biomarker discovery in the Drosophila model of Parkinson's disease
Authors: Khan Mohammad Radid , Rahman Ramisha A. , Rashid Md Harunur , Islam Md Shariful
Published: October 2024

Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most prevalent neurodegenerative disorder worldwide. Despite extensive research, the etiology of both familial and sporadic PD remains unclear. While most PD cases are sporadic, a significant minority are linked to genetic mutations, notably in the synuclein‐alpha (SNCA) and leucine‐rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) genes. Animal models, such as Drosophila melanogaster (D. melanogaster), enable detailed study of these genetic mutations and their neurotoxic effects. Recent advancements in mass spectrometry‐based proteomics have enhanced our understanding of PD by facilitating comprehensive analysis of protein expression and interactions in mutant and wild‐type organisms, potentially revealing novel therapeutic targets. This review highlights the pivotal role of mass spectrometry‐based proteomics in advancing PD research, emphasizing the contributions of D. melanogaster models in identifying potential biomarkers.
Biosensor Based on the Immobilization of Laccase on β‐Cyclodextrin Membrane for the Evaluation of Antioxidant Capacity in Real Samples
Authors: Juárez‐Gómez Jorge , Alejandro Báez‐Melga Omar , Sarahia Guzmán‐Hernández Dafne
Published: October 2024

The optimization of a new amperometric biosensor for evaluating antioxidant capacity in real samples is reported. The biosensor is based on the immobilization of Laccase from Trametes versicolor on an electropolymerized β‐cyclodextrin polymeric membrane on a glassy carbon electrode. The process of electropolymerization, which was successful even in the presence of the enzyme, was a key step in biosensor synthesis. Variables such as pH, temperature, and enzyme concentration were optimized using a factorial design with two levels for each factor. Different electrodes were constructed and tested using caffeic acid as a standard. The best biosensor is synthesized at pH 3.0 with 6 mg/mL of enzyme and 30 °C. The biosensor presented a response time of ≤30 seconds and good stability in its amperometric response. The biosensor was used to evaluate the antioxidant capacity of real samples. Infusions of green, black, red, and white tea were assessed. The biosensor showed excellent stability and good performance regarding response time, stability, and easy fabrication. The proposed biosensor is a good option for evaluating antioxidant capacity in real samples without sample pretreatment. It combines a simple fabrication methodology and a minimal extraction process for rapid and reliable phenolic content determination in real samples.
Functionalized Nanomaterials In Pancreatic Cancer Theranostics And Molecular Imaging
Authors: Nagarajan Yoghalakshmi , Chandrasekaran Natarajan , Deepa Parvathi Venkatachalam
Published: October 2024

Pancreatic cancer (PC) is one of the most fatal malignancies in the world. This lethality persists due to lack of effective and efficient treatment strategies. Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is an aggressive epithelial malignancy which has a high incidence rate and contributes to overall cancer fatalities. As of 2022, pancreatic cancer contributes to about 3 % of all cancers globally. Over the years, research has characterised germline predisposition, the origin cell, precursor lesions, genetic alterations, structural alterations, transcriptional changes, tumour heterogeneity, metastatic progression, and the tumour microenvironment, which has improved the understanding of PDAC carcinogenesis. By using molecular‐based target therapies, these fundamental advancements support primary prevention, screening, early detection, and treatment. The focus of this review is the use of targeted nanoparticles as an alternative to conventional pancreatic cancer treatment due to the various side effects of the latter. The principles of nanoparticle based cancer therapy is efficient targeting of tumour cells via enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effects and decrease the chemotherapy side effects due to their non‐specificity. To increase the efficiency of existing therapies and modify target nanoparticles, several molecular markers of pancreatic cancer cells have been identified. Thus pancreatic cancer cells can be detected using appropriately functionalized nanoparticles with specific signalling molecules. Once cancer has been identified, these nanoparticles can kill the tumour by inducing hyperthermia, medication delivery, immunotherapy or gene therapy. As potent co‐delivery methods for adjuvants and tumor‐associated antigens; nanoparticles (NPs) have demonstrated significant promise as delivery vehicles in cancer therapy. This ensures the precise internalization of the functionalized nanoparticle and thus also activates the immune system effectively against tumor cells. This review also discusses the immunological factors behind the uptake of functionalized nanoparticles in cancer therapies. Theranostics, which combine imaging and therapeutic chemicals in a single nanocarrier, are the next generation of medicines. Pancreatic cancer treatment may be revolutionised by the development of a tailored nanocarrier with diagnostic, therapeutic, and imaging capabilities. It is extremely difficult to incorporate various therapeutic modalities into a single nanocarrier without compromising the individual functionalities. Surface modification of nanocarriers with antibodies or proteins will enable to attain multifunctionality which increases the efficiency of pancreatic cancer therapy.
Optimization and Investigation of Hemoglobin‐Loaded ZIF‐90 Metal–Organic Framework Nanoparticles as Artificial Oxygen Carriers
Authors: Douka Despoina , Jin Weiguang , Cantallops‐Iglesias Carlos , Dieste‐Izquierdo Arnau , Thulstrup Peter Waaben , Hosta‐Rigau Leticia
Published: October 2024

Blood transfusions are vital, yet limited shelf‐life and storage conditions of red blood cells (RBCs) hinder their use in emergencies. Hemoglobin‐based oxygen carriers (HBOCs) aim to address these challenges, but previous versions faced clinical setbacks due to safety concerns related to hemoglobin (Hb) extravasation. ZIF‐90, a novel metal–organic framework variant where imidazole‐2‐carboxaldehyde (2‐ICA) is bridged to Zn2+ ions, is explored. Optimizing Zn2+:2‐ICA ratios and Hb concentrations, Hb‐loaded ZIF‐90 nanoparticles (NPs) are synthesized in one‐step and under mild synthesis conditions. These NPs achieve a 25.1% yield, 7.0 mg mL−1 Hb concentration, 70.3% encapsulation efficiency (EE), and 96.4% drug loading. They exhibit a left‐shifted oxygen dissociation curve with p50 of ≈8 mmHg, indicating enhanced oxygen release at lower partial oxygen pressures as compared to native RBCs. This feature makes Hb‐loaded ZIF‐90 NPs suitable for certain medical applications including ischemia‐reperfusion injury management. Furthermore, the impact of two prominent capping agents: polyvinylpyrrolidone and polyethylene glycol (PEG) is assessed. PEG improves 2‐ICA incorporation and stabilizes the ZIF‐90 crystalline phase, albeit with reduced yield, Hb content, and EE. The findings underscore the potential of Hb‐loaded ZIF‐90 NPs as next‐generation HBOCs, offering enhanced uniformity, high Hb content, and efficient oxygen binding and release properties for medical applications.