bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Моделирование распространения загрязняющих веществ в приземном слое атмосферы с учетом влияния застройки и рельефа местности
Authors: Седляров Олег , Бородина Елена
Published: June 2022

Традиционно оценка загрязнения атмосферного воздуха делается на базе данных о высотах труб, температуре, скорости, объеме и специфических свойствах выбрасываемого аэрозоля с поправками на преобладающее направление ветров и другими изменениями. Допуски данной методики очень велики — это, как правило, средние метеоусловия и единичный источник. Рассеивание загрязняющих веществ (ЗВ) зависит от условий их эмиссии, переноса и турбулентного смешивания. В работе рассмотрены характеристики, влияющие на устойчивость приземных слоев атмосферы и определяющие процессы турбулентного переноса.
В данной работе предложена методика расчета рассеивания загрязняющих веществ в приземном слое атмосферы, основанная на методах вычислительной гидродинамики. Использование данной методики позволяет учитывать влияние сложного рельефа местности и характера застройки. В качестве примера расчета распространения загрязняющих веществ в работе рассмотрен расчет выбросов ацетона из отдельно стоящего источника, расположенного в непосредственной близости от здания. Представленные результаты расчетов наглядно показывают сложный характер распределения полей концентраций в непосредственной близости от зданий, а также в условиях плотной застройки и сложного рельефа местности. Моделирование такого сложного распределения практически невозможно без использования мощного аппарата вычислительной гидродинамики.
Genç Badmintoncularda Ağırlık Yeleği Kullanılarak Yapılan Dirençli Pliometrik Antrenmanın Çeviklik Performansı Üzerine Etkisinin Antrenman Programının Bitiminde ve Detraining Döneminde İncelenmesi
Authors: TOPAL Dilek , ÖZKAYA Yaşar Gül
Published: June 2022

Bu çalışmanın amacı genç badmintonculara uygulanan sekiz haftalık pliometrik antrenman ve ağırlık yeleği kullanılarak yapılan dirençli pliometrik antrenmanın çeviklik performansı üzerine etkisinin antrenman programının bitiminde ve detraining döneminde incelenmesidir. Araştırmaya 24 kadın, 24 erkek olmak üzere toplam 48 sporcu katılmıştır. Katılımcıların yaş ortalamaları 16,06±0,78 yıl, vücut ağırlıkları ortalamaları 58,70±7,45 kg, boy ortalamaları 168,60±5,95 cm’dir. Sporcular, her bir grupta toplam 16 sporcu olmak üzere antrenman protokollerine göre kontrol grubu (KG), pliometrik antrenman grubu (PG) ve ağırlık yeleği kullanılarak yapılan dirençli pliometrik antrenman grubu (AG) olarak 3 gruba ayrılmıştır. Sporcuların çeviklik testi T testi kullanılarak ölçülmüş ve test, çalışmanın başında ve sonunda tekrarlanmıştır. Çalışmada ayrıca antrenman programının tamamlanmasını takiben detraining ölçümü için sporcular 4 hafta boyunca pliometrik ve ağırlık yelekli pliometrik antrenmana ara vermiştir. Belirtilen sürenin sonunda sporculardan tekrar çeviklik testi ölçümü alınmıştır. Veri analizinde SPSS 22.0 paket programı kullanılmıştır. Gruplar arası karşılaştırmada varyans analizi, ölçümler arası karşılaştırmada t testi kullanılmıştır. Çalışma sonucunda gruplar kendi aralarında karşılaştırıldığında PG ve AG gruplarında uygulanan 8 haftalık antrenman programının çeviklik performansını önemli ölçüde kısalttığı (p
First records of adventive populations of the parasitoids Ganaspis brasiliensis and Leptopilina japonica in the United States
Authors: Beers Elizabeth H. , Beal Dylan , Smytheman Peter , Abram Paul K. , Schmidt-Jeffris Rebecca , Moretti Erica , Daane Kent M. , Looney Chris , Lue Chia-Hua , Buffington Matthew
Published: June 2022

We report the first known incidence of two parasitoid species of the invasive pest, Drosophila suzukii (Matsumura) (Diptera: Drosophilidae), in the United States (US). The discovery of Ganaspis brasiliensis (Ihering) (Hymenoptera: Figitidae) and Leptopilina japonica (Novković & Kimura) (Hymenoptera: Figitidae) in northwestern Washington State (US) was made shortly after their discovery in nearby southwestern British Columbia (Canada), indicating that contiguous populations of these species are established in both countries. The first specimen of L. japonica from Washington was collected in the fall of 2020, when it was found in a rice wine/orange juice trap deployed to survey for Vespa mandarinia Smith (Hymenoptera: Vespidae). Subsequent examination of trap contents from the 2020–2021 seasons indicated the presence of both L. japonica and G. brasiliensis. In September of 2021, live collections of both G. brasiliensis and L. japonica were made, reared from D. suzukii-infested Himalayan blackberry in Whatcom County, WA. Adult parasitoid identifications were based on morphology and COI DNA barcodes. All sequenced specimens to date from Washington and British Columbia belong to the G1 group of G. brasiliensis, the only group approved for release as a classical biological control agent in the US. This study provides an example of how even small changes in the geographic range of a natural enemy, now extending across an international border, may have significant consequences for the future of a biological control program.
The BFS complex – a unique facility to justify the neutronic parameters of the new generation fast reactor cores
Authors: Bednyakov Sergey M. , Gulevich Andrey V. , Dvukhsherstnov Vladimir G. , Klinov Dmitry A. , Matveenko Igor P. , Mikhailov Gennadiy M. , Semenov Mikhail Y.
Published: June 2022

The BFS complex comprising two fast critical facilities – BFS-1 and BFS-2 – is a unique experimental base for research into fast reactor physics, reactor safety, core optimization, justification of the closed fuel cycle parameters. The critical facilities have the same pitch of the core lattice, they are loaded with the same materials for core simulations but they differ in size. Over 60 years of the BFS operation, IPPE specialists have gained considerable experience in operating the facilities and carrying out experiments. More than 150 critical assemblies have been studied in BFS.
Results of validation and cross-verification of the ROK/B design code on the problem of loss of cooling in the spent fuel pool *
Authors: Sledkov Ruslan M. , Karnaukhov Valery Ye. , Stepanov Oleg Ye. , Bedretdinov Mark M. , Chusov Igor A.
Published: June 2022

The procedures of validation and cross-verification of the newly developed computational code ROK/B are described. The main problem solved using the ROK/B code is the substantiation by calculation of the coolant density in the spent fuel pool (SFP) and the temperature regime of the fuel assemblies during a protracted shutdown of the cooling systems (break in the supply of cooling water). In addition to the above, it is possible to use the ROK/B code to carry out calculation of an accident with the discharge of the coolant from the SFP with simultaneous prolonged shutdown of the cooling systems.

The ROK/B code allows carrying out calculations for various types of designs of the fuel assemblies and VVER reactors, in particular, VVER-1000, VVER-1200 and VVER-440 power units with single- and two-tiered fuel assembly arrangement, with clad pipes in racks (for compacted assemblies storage) and pipes without cladding, with cased assemblies and caseless ones.

During fuel reloading, a high level of the coolant is maintained, which makes it possible to do “wet” transportation of the assemblies from the reactor to the SFP. The mathematical model for heat and mass transfer calculation, including the boiling coolant model, implemented in the ROK/B code, includes: the motion equation, equations for calculating the enthalpy along the height of the fuel section of a fuel assembly with natural circulation of coolant within the channel containing the fuel assembly (lifting section) and in the inter-channel space (lowering section), the equation of mass balance between the channels of the racks with assemblies and in the inter-assembly space and the amount of evaporated (and outflowed) water, the heat balance equation for a fuel rod in a steam environment. The system of equations is supplemented by closing relations for calculating the thermal physics properties of water and steam, fuel and cladding materials, as well as the coefficients of heat transfer from the wall to the steam, hydraulic resistance and density of the steam-water mixture in the channels, and the heat released in the reaction of steam with zirconium.

Validation of the computational code was carried out on the basis of the data of the ALADIN experiment performed by German specialists and the data of JSC OKB Gidropress. Cross-verification of the ROK/B code was carried out in comparison with the results of calculation using the KORSAR/GP and SOKRAT/B1 codes. Based on the results of the validation, it has been concluded that the deviation of the ROK/B results from the experimental data is not more than 2 to 10% (10% for the option with a fuel rod power of 20 W). Based on the results of cross-verification, it has been concluded that the discrepancy between the ROK/B results and the calculation results for the KORSAR/GP and SOKRAT/B1 codes is not more than 0.5% (for SOKRAT/V1) and less than 10% (for KORSAR/GP).
A possible terrestrial egg cluster in driftwood from the Lower Jurassic (Late Pliensbachian) of Buttenheim (Franconia, Germany)
Authors: Scharfenberg Franz-Josef , Keupp Helmut , Schobert Johann
Published: June 2022

Our paper shows several clusters of circular fossil egg capsules from the Franconian Amaltheenton Facies (Lower Jurassic, Upper Pliensbachian), mostly found in the clay pit south of Buttenheim. The egg capsules are scatteredly and irregularly arranged on various substrates like calcareous nodules, mollusk shells, or sunken driftwoods. Marine gastropods have been presumed as their producers spawning their eggs autochthonous. Only one specimen exhibits a regular honeycomb-like pattern of small pyritized eggs deposited seemingly within driftwood but originally lead in a small deadwood break. We interpret it as representing a possible allochthonous insect spawn drifted off from the about 70 km removed coastal region.
Smooth solutions to asymptotic Plateau type problem in hyperbolic space
Authors: Sui Zhenan , Sun Wei
Published: June 2022

We investigate on the existence of smooth complete hypersurface with prescribed Weingarten curvature and asymptotic boundary at infinity in hyperbolic space under the assumption that there exists an asymptotic subsolution. We give an affirmative answer for the case \begin{document}$ k = n $\end{document} when the asymptotic boundary \begin{document}$ \Gamma $\end{document} bounds a uniformly convex domain, and for \begin{document}$ k < n $\end{document} when \begin{document}$ \Gamma $\end{document} bounds a disk, utilizing Pogorelov type interior second order estimate. Our result complements our previous work [12, 13], and generalizes the asymptotic Plateau type problem to non-constant prescribed curvature case.
A second-order numerical scheme for the Ericksen-Leslie equation
Authors: Wang Danxia , Miao Ni , Liu Jing
Published: June 2022

In this paper, we consider a finite element approximation for the Ericksen-Leslie model of nematic liquid crystal. Based on a saddle-point formulation of the director vector, a second-order backward differentiation formula (BDF) numerical scheme is proposed, where a pressure-correction strategy is used to decouple the computation of the pressure from that of the velocity. Designing this scheme leads to solving a linear system at each time step. Furthermore, via implementing rigorous theoretical analysis, we prove that the proposed scheme enjoys the energy dissipation law. Some numerical simulations are also performed to demonstrate the accuracy of the proposed scheme.
Inequality in Private Health Care Expenditures: A 36-Year Trend Study of Iranian Households
Authors: Aghapour Ehsan , Basakha Mehdi , Mohaqeqi Kamal Seyed Hossein , Pourreza Abolghasem
Published: June 2022

Objectives: Throughout history, societies have been impacted by inequality. Many studies have been conducted on the topic more broadly, but only a few have investigated inequalities in out-of-pocket health payments (OHP). This study measures OHP inequality trends among the Iranian households.Methods: This study used data from the Iranian Statistics Center on Iranian household income and expenditures. The analysis included a total of 995 300 households during the 36 years from 1984 to 2019. The Gini coefficient, Atkinson index, and Theil index were calculated for Iranian OHP.Results: Average Iranian household OHP increased from 33 US dollar (USD) in 1984 to 47 USD in 2019. During this 36-year span, the average±standard deviation Gini coefficient for OHP was 0.73±0.04, and the Atkinson and Theil indexes were 0.68±0.05 and 1.14±0.29, respectively. The Gini coefficients for the subcategories of OHP of outpatient diagnostic services, medical assistant accessories, hospital inpatient services, and addiction cessation were 0.70, 0.61, 0.84, and 0.64, respectively.Conclusions: In this study, we scrutinized trends of inequality in the OHP of Iranian households. Inequality in OHP decreased slightly over the past four decades. An analysis of trends among different subgroups revealed that affluent households, such as households with insurance coverage and households in higher income deciles, experienced higher inequality. Therefore, lower inequality in health care expenditures may be related to restricted access to health care services in Iran.
¿Nadando contra corriente? Resistencias a la promoción de la conciliación en las universidades españolas
Authors: Alonso Álvarez Alba , Diz Otero Isabel
Published: June 2022

La desigualdad entre mujeres y hombres sigue siendo un fenómeno persistente en el mundo académico, a pesar de la adopción de una variedad de medidas sensibles al género. Este artículo contribuye a abrir la caja negra de las instituciones universitarias y construye un marco analítico que ayuda a comprender la falta de efectividad de las políticas que abordan la conciliación de la vida laboral y personal. Basándose en varias líneas de trabajo desarrolladas por la literatura feminista, muestra hasta qué punto las resistencias ejercidas por una variedad de actores juegan un papel significativo en obstaculizar la implementación de estas actuaciones. Además, identifica aquellas normas no escritas que colisionan con las medidas de igualdad y sustentan esta oposición al cambio institucional. El estudio de caso de la Universidad de Santiago de Compostela proporciona el material empírico para arrojar luz sobre la centralidad de ambos elementos mediante el uso de una variedad de técnicas cualitativas.
Data Privacy Policy
Authors: Patnaik Rabinarayan
Published: June 2022

In an era dominated by technology and trade, the business processes have started looking forward to innovations and ever-changing applications. This paradigm shift in the thought processes is not limited to any industry per se. Thus, the cyber practices have developed various tools, practices, as well as avenues for applications in real-time situations. With the advancement of these technological platforms, various gadgets in the form of smart phone, etc. have also complimented to the use of the same. Retail processes like any other business practices have also seen the changes due to these technological interventions. As a process responsible for creating direct customer touch points, retail at its operational level needs to be vigilant about the threats, insecurity, loss of privacy, and challenges coming because of the technological adoptions. Therefore, a systematic and well-designed data privacy policy with all possible components incorporated can lead to a secure environment.
Analysis of Machine Learning Algorithms for Efficient Cloud and Edge Computing in the IoT
Authors: R. Ramya , S. Ramamoorthy
Published: June 2022

The internet of things (IoT) technology, which connects internet-connected devices, continues to extend the current internet by allowing communication and interactions across the physical and cyber worlds. The IoT generates big data that is characterized by its velocity in terms of time and place dependency, with a diversity of diverse modalities and fluctuating data quality, in addition to increased volume. The key to designing smart IoT applications is intelligent data processing and analysis. This chapter first describes the details of how cloud services and edge technology work and support the internet of things with many challenges and limitations in the overall internet services. Second, it describes the support of different machine learning algorithms (MLA) in the different fields of internet of things applications. Finally, there is a description of the future research scopes and open issues in the field of the internet of things with machine learning algorithms for further research work initiation.
The Role of AI-ML Techniques in Cyber Security
Authors: Das Sima , Balmiki Ajay Kumar , Mazumdar Kaushik
Published: June 2022

Digital protection is the act and protocol to protect personal computers, mobile, electronic devices, and data from malicious attacks. Artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) are presently essential for our daily existence, and this incorporates network protection. AI/ML can recognize vulnerabilities and lessen occurrence reaction time. Due to this unprecedented test, AI-based instruments for network safety have arisen to help data security groups decrease break chance and further develop their security to act proficiently and successfully. Simulated intelligence and AI developed basic advances in information security, as they can quickly examine a huge quantity of datasets and recognize various kinds of network stranded and breaches – from malware, one can pursue advantage to distinguishing unsafe comportment which might prompt a phishing attack or downloading malicious program. The advancements learned over the system can be used to identify new types of attacks in the future.
The Fifth and the Sixth Order Gopala Hemachandra Representations and the Use of These Representations in Symmetric Cryptography
Authors: Çelemoğlu Çağla , Nalli Ayşe
Published: June 2022

We all know that every positive integer has a unique Fibonacci representation, but some positive integers have multiple Gopala Hemachandra (GH) representations, or some positive integers haven't any GH representation. Here, the authors found the first k-positive integer k=(3 2^((m-1))-1) for which there is no Zeckendorf's representation for Gopala Hemachandra sequence whose order m. Thus, the authors formulated the first positive integer whose Zeckendorf's representation can't be found in terms of its order. The authors also described the fourth, the fifth, and the sixth order GH representation of positive integers and obtained the fifth and the sixth order GH representations of the first 26 positive integers uniformly according to a certain rule with a table. Finally, the authors used these GH representations in symmetric cryptography, and the authors made some applications with a method which they construct similar to Nalli and Ozyilmaz.
Unlocking IoT
Authors: Jha Babita , Giri Pratibha , Jha Deepak , Badhera Usha
Published: June 2022

Meeting ESG (environmental, social, and governance) standards is becoming an essential goal for businesses, one that is supported by both investors and customers. FinTech can help companies evaluate and reduce their environmental effect, as well as investors channel their operations toward more sustainable assets. Embracing sustainability has become one of the priorities for many fintech companies today. Green fintech innovations have provided technologically enabled solutions for financial services that help in increasing the flow of financial resources for sustainable development. Recognizing the importance of green fintech in today's scenario, this chapter will initially focus on the components of the fintech ecosystem and IoT and AI-enabled fintech innovations in India, drivers of green fintech potentials of green fintech IoT, and AI-enabled green fintech from global perspective and has highlighted the green fintech solutions provided by the topmost companies.
How AI-Enabled Agile Internet of Things Can Enhance the Business Efficiency of China's FinTech Ecosystem
Authors: Yu Poshan , Lu Shengyuan , Sampat Michael , Li Ruixuan , Ahuja Aashrika
Published: June 2022

According to the 2020-2021 evaluation report on the development of human intelligence computing power in China released by the global market analysis agency IDC, the scale of China's artificial intelligence infrastructure market reached $3.93 billion, a year-on-year increase of 26.8%. For the traditional financial industry, artificial intelligence will be an important step in improving its business efficiency and innovation. AI is an essential technology for traditional risk management and financial supervision. China's FinTech ecosystem will gradually move towards a new ecosystem of “Al + Finance.” This chapter aims to study how AI-enabled agile internet of things can enhance the business efficiency of China's FinTech ecosystem. This chapter will investigate the characteristics of China's AI-enabled agile internet of things. Case studies will be used for discussion. In addition, scientometrics analysis through CiteSpace will be conducted. Finally, this chapter will provide suggestions for policymakers to build a sustainable FinTech ecosystem for enterprises.
Internet of Things in the Aerospace Industry
Authors: Prasad G.
Published: June 2022

The international aviation market was worth USD 4.95 billion in 2020 and is anticipated to increase at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 21.4% between 2021 and 2028. The industry is projected to increase because of the exponential growth in air passenger volume and a significant emphasis on improving customer experience. Continuous advancements in wireless technology, as well as an increasing desire for smart airport construction, are driving market expansion. In recent years, the aviation sector has seen unparalleled growth in passenger volume. The major companies in the aviation sector, in particular, are using data-driven techniques to make business choices. The internet of things (IoT) plays an important role in data collection in the aviation sector by providing statistical summaries to aid airport management. These data summaries may be used by aviation firms to gain meaningful information while eliminating human intervention.
Eight Flashpoints for Presidents and Trustees
Authors: Nacco Stephen Damian
Published: June 2022

This chapter proposes to build a more open and productive working relationship between higher-education board members and the institution's president. The methodology identifies eight flashpoints that can cause potential conflict based on the diametrically different views that trustees and presidents may hold concerning their roles in the leadership of the college or university. The flashpoints that are explored include college staff performance, fiduciary responsibilities, directing the president, board conduct, presidential behavior, campus interaction, trustee authority, and community representation. Examined within the context of a board retreat held at an unnamed community college, trustees and the president participate in a “boardsmanship” exercise that sparks sometimes courageous and often enlightening discussions for scenarios that are based on past interactions that have taken place at that institution.
The Presidency and Student Affairs
Authors: Freeman Jerrid P. , Meyer Shana L. Warkentine
Published: June 2022

“I could have been a better Vice President to my President.” This was the realization a new President, who had previously served as a Vice President for Student Affairs (VPSA) shared with the authors shortly after his inauguration and months into his new role. Teaching, research, fundraising, and administrative experience are historically seen as being vital skills and experiences for a successful college presidency. However, traditionally “student affairs” functions complement the educational mission of an institution and can elevate the student experience—important skills and information for an effective president. Student affairs professionals often have their fingers on the pulse of campus life, which can be vital to the success of the institution. The student affairs perspective can be a unique lens from which an effective president can view the campus. Student affairs professionals need a campus president who provides student-focused leadership. In turn, the student affairs team can serve as an effective arm to achieve institutional goals and complement the academic mission.
Linguistic Errors Across Languages
Authors: Jomaa Nayef Jomaa , Derşevi Sehil
Published: June 2022

Pedagogically, the issue of linguistic errors in writing is highly significant. Therefore, this study aims at exploring the gender differences in committing linguistic errors by Turkish students in English and Arabic at Karabuk University in Turkey. The sampling included selecting purposefully 80 essays written in English and Arabic. The 40 English essays belong to 20 male and 20 female students from the Department of English Language and Literature at the university. Similarly, the 40 Arabic essays belong to 20 male and 20 female students from the Department of Arabic Language at the same university. The findings showed that male and female Turkish students are similar in using ‘concord' with the highest frequencies of errors in English, but the frequency of using other errors is different. In contrast, male and female Turkish students are varied in the errors in Arabic. The findings also revealed that male and female Turkish students in both Arabic and English languages showed a similarity in the types of errors, namely substitution and omission as the most frequent ones.
Antimicrobial activity evaluation of pure compounds obtained from Pseudoalteromonas haloplanktis against Listeria monocytogenes: Preliminary results
Authors: Venuti Iolanda , Ceruso Marina , D’Angelo Caterina , Casillo Angela , Pepe Tiziana
Published: June 2022

L. monocytogenes is a foodborne pathogen responsible for a serious disease with a high mortality rate, particularly in vulnerable consumers. Recently, the scientific community has shown increasing attention to the search for new natural molecules with antimicrobial activity, aimed at preventing the spread of foodborne diseases. Extremophilic microorganisms, typical of extreme temperature environments, are a valuable source of these molecules. The present work aimed to study the antibacterial activity of four pure compounds derived from a molecule, the pentadecanal, produced by the Antarctic bacterium Pseudoalteromonas haloplanktis, against two different pathotypes of L. monocytogenes. Growth assays were performed in 96-well polystyrene plates with serial dilutions of the tested compounds at different concentrations (0.6, 0.3, 0.15, 0.07 mg/mL). The plates were incubated at 37°C for 24 h, with a spectrophotometric reading at OD 600 nm. Preliminary results of this study showed that pentadecanal inhibits the growth of L. monocytogenes, with a MIC (Minimum Inhibitory Concentration) of 0.6 mg/mL. Acetal, carboxylic acid, and ester did not demonstrate antibacterial activity at the concentrations tested. These findings suggest the possibility of using pentadecanal as a natural antibacterial to improve safety standards along the food supply chain.
Efficacy of propofol versus ketamine in modified electroconvulsive therapy
Authors: Guha Debarshi , Sheshadri Kiran , Singh Shalendra , Bhan Sonia
Published: June 2022

Objective:

To investigate the effects of propofol and ketamine on seizure duration, hemodynamics, and recovery of electroconvulsive therapy (ECT).

Methods:

This prospective randomized trial included patients who had undergone ECT under anesthesia. Patients received injection of propofol 1.5 mg/kg i.v. (the propofol group) or ketamine 0.8-1.2 mg/kg i.v. (the ketamine group) during ECT. Seizure duration, hemodynamics, and recovery were recorded and compared between the two groups.

Results:

This trial included 44 patinets with 22 patients receiving propofol and 22 patients receiving ketamine. The total dose of propofol and ketamine was (105.68±25.27) mg and (81.36±24.55) mg, respectively. The motor seizure and electroencephalogram seizure duration were prolonged in the ketamine group (P<0.001). The hemodynamics at the admission of the two groups were comparable (P>0.05); however, the mean systolic blood pressure during the procedure was significantly higher in the ketamine group (P=0.04). Besides, spontaneous eye-opening in the ketamine group took longer than that of the propofol group (P=0.001).

Conclusion:

Both propofol and ketamine are safe as anesthetic agents for modified ECT, and ketamine provides a longer seizure duration without hemodynamic instability or any significant complication.
Sudden cardiac death in a case of Crohn's disease with COVID-19
Authors: Kumar Neeraj , Ghosh Subhajit , Kumar Abhyuday , Kumar Sanjeev , Kumar Prem
Published: June 2022

Rationale:

The mechanism of sudden cardiac death in COVID-19 can be multifactorial. Cardiac hypersensitivity to 5-ASA therapy leading to myocarditis has been reported in some cases. Cytokine storm syndrome and idiosyncratic reaction with mesalazine use may lead to sudden cardiac death in COVID-19. Use of immunosuppressants in hospitalized COVID-19 patients should be continued with caution, especially in patients with inflammatory bowel disease.

Patient's concern:

A 75-year-old man who was tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 was admitted with a history of shortness of breath for the last two days. He was a known case of Crohn's disease treated with mesalazine.

Diagnosis:

COVID-19 pneumonia with underlying Crohn's disease leading to sudden cardiac death.

Intervention:

Remdesivir, antibiotics, steroids, low molecular weight heparin, tablet zinc, tab vitamin C, and other supportive treatment were started. Because of increased inflammatory markers, itolizumab was given to the patient on the 2nd day.

Outcome:

On the 5th day of the intensive care unit, the patient complained of sudden chest pain with respiratory distress leading to bradycardia and asystole and could not be resuscitated.

Lessons:

Causes for sudden cardiac death in COVID-19 pneumonia patients with Crohn's disease is multifactorial. Although mesalazine may be a safe and effective drug in the management of inflammatory bowel disease, it can induce sytokine strom syndrome and idiosyncratic reactions that could be one of the reasons of sudden cardic death. Therefore, we should be aware of its serious and potentially life-threatening complications, especially in COVID-19 infected patients.
Comparison of Hemoglobin Values Obtained by Arterial Blood Gas Analysis versus Laboratory Method during Major Head-and-Neck Surgeries
Authors: Rajan Sunil , Tosh Pulak , Isaac Maria , Sasikumar Niranjan Kumar , Subramanian Avanthi , Paul Jerry , Kumar Lakshmi
Published: June 2022

Background:

Accuracy of hemoglobin (Hb) measured by arterial blood gas (ABG) analyzer is considered inferior to laboratory (lab) measurements as it could overestimate Hb levels.

Aim of the Study:

The study aims to compare Hb measured using ABG versus conventional lab method at the time of major blood loss and in the preoperative and immediate postoperative periods.

Settings and Design:

It was a prospective, nonrandomized observational study conducted in a tertiary care center.

Materials and Methods:

The study was conducted in 24 patients undergoing major head-and-neck surgeries. Simultaneous blood samples were sent for Hb measurement by ABG analysis and lab method at induction of anesthesia, when intraoperative blood loss exceeded maximum allowable blood loss, and in the immediate postoperative period.

Statistical Analysis Used:

Chi-square test, independent sample's t-test, and paired t-test were used for statistical analysis.

Results:

Mean Hb values obtained by both techniques were significantly different at all time points. Hb obtained by ABG analysis was significantly higher than lab value preoperatively (12.78 ± 2.51 vs. 12.05 ± 2.2, P = 0.038), at maximum blood loss (11.00 ± 2.57 vs. 9.87 ± 2.06, P = 0.006), and in the immediate postoperative period (11.96 ± 2.00 vs. 10.96 ± 2.24 P < 0.001). ABG Hb values were found to be approximately 1 g.dL−1 greater than lab values.

Conclusion:

Hb measured by ABG analysis was significantly higher than that measured by lab method at the time of major blood loss, preoperatively, and at the immediate postoperative period in patients undergoing major head-and-neck surgeries, with a good correlation of values obtained by both the techniques.
Knowledge, attitude, and practices regarding sterilization protocol among dental students at Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh
Authors: Mehrotra Vishal , Aslam Shazia , Garg Kriti , Srivastava Rahul , Sinha Pallavi , Kiran Jyoti
Published: June 2022

Context:

Infection control and prevention is an major part of patient care. Concerns about the possible spread of blood-borne diseases and the impact of emerging highly contagious respiratory and other illnesses require practitioners to establish, evaluate, continually update, and monitor their infection prevention and control strategies and protocols.

Aims:

The aim of this study was to assess the level of knowledge, attitude, and practice among dental students about sterilization protocol.

Settings and Design:

A questionnaire-based survey was conducted.

Subjects and Methods:

A total of 220 dental students comprising undergraduates and postgraduates participated in the survey where they were provided to fill a modified pretested, self-administered questionnaire consisting of 10 questions.

Statistical Analysis Used:

The data were collected, compiled, arranged systematically, and analyzed in terms of percentage and frequencies. Participant's response was calculated and expressed as percentages and frequency.

Results:

The clinical dental students showed a positive level of awareness, knowledge, and practice toward the sterilization protocols and infection control in their day-to-day practice.

Conclusions:

Dental care professionals are at an increased risk of cross-infection as well as its transmission while treating the patients. This study is based on to assess the level of knowledge, attitude, and practice among dental students about sterilization protocol.
Role of adipocyte browning in prostate and breast tumor microenvironment
Authors: Ku Hui-Chen , Cheng Ching-Feng
Published: June 2022

Prostate cancer (PC) and breast cancer (BC) are the most common cancers in men and women, respectively, in developed countries. The increased incidence of PC and BC largely reflects an increase in the prevalence of obesity and metabolic syndrome. In pathological conditions involving the development and progression of PC and BC, adipose tissue plays an important role via paracrine and endocrine signaling. The increase in the amount of local adipose tissue, specifically periprostatic adipose tissue, may be a key contributor to the PC pathobiology. Similarly, breast adipose tissue secretion affects various aspects of BC by influencing tumor progression, angiogenesis, metastasis, and microenvironment. In this context, the role of white adipose tissue (WAT) has been extensively studied. However, the influence of browning of the WAT on the development and progression of PC and BC is unclear and has received less attention. In this review, we highlight that adipose tissue plays a vital role in the regulation of the tumor microenvironment in PC or BC and highlight the probable underlying mechanisms linking adipose tissue with PC or BC. We further discuss whether the browning of WAT could be a therapeutic strategy for the treatment of PC and BC.
Neonatal Jaundice: Knowledge and Practices of Healthcare Providers and Trainees in Southwest Nigeria
Authors: Barclay Eta , Ojo Ifelayo , Hake Anne , Oyenuga Abayomi , Satrom Katherine , Lund Troy , Oyenuga Mosunmoluwa , Slusher Tina , Gbadero Daniel
Published: June 2022

Severe neonatal jaundice (SNNJ) is a leading cause of neonatal morbidity and mortality in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Risk mitigation and management modalities for SNNJ have led to marked reduction in complications in high-income countries but not in LMICs likely in part due to knowledge gaps among healthcare providers. This study, a cross-sectional study conducted in Ogbomosho, Nigeria, aimed to identify SNNJ knowledge and practices among Nigerian healthcare providers/trainees. Healthcare providers/trainees completed a structured questionnaire. Healthcare providers/trainees included are nurse midwives (33.4%), nurses (18.6%), nursing students (15.2%), traditional birth attendants (TBAs) (12.7%), physicians (10.2%), and medical students (9.9%). Most physicians were aware of the common causes of SNNJ; however, knowledge deficits in other groups were notable. Despite most providers endorsing that glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency can cause SNNJ (91% of physicians, 60% of nurses, 71% of midwives, 81% of medical students, 43% of nursing students, 7% of TBAs), very few providers recognized that it is common, ranging from 3% in nurses up to a high of 47% among medical students. Gaps in provider knowledge regarding preventative measures and sequela were also noted. These data identified significant knowledge gaps regarding the etiology of SNNJ among healthcare providers/trainees, which can lead to missed opportunities in effective prevention and treatment. These deficits must be addressed if we are to eliminate tragic and preventable complications from SNNJ in Nigeria and other LMICs.
Impact of Agricultural Irrigation on Anemia in Western Kenya
Authors: Omondi Collince J. , Ochwedo Kevin O. , Athiany Henry , Onyango Shirley A. , Odongo David , Otieno Antony , Orondo Pauline , Ondeto Benyl M. , Lee Ming-Chieh , Kazura James W. , Githeko Andrew K. , Yan Guiyun
Published: June 2022

Expanding agricultural irrigation efforts to enhance food security and socioeconomic development in sub-Saharan Africa may affect malaria transmission and socioeconomic variables that increase the risk of anemia in local communities. We compared the prevalence of anemia, Plasmodium falciparum infection, and indicators of socioeconomic status related to nutrition in communities in Homa Bay County, Kenya, where an agricultural irrigation scheme has been implemented, to that in nearby communities where there is no agricultural irrigation. Cross-sectional surveys conducted showed that anemia prevalence defined by WHO criteria (hemoglobin < 11 g/dL) was less in communities in the irrigated areas than in the non-irrigated areas during the wet season (38.9% and 51.5%, χ2 = 4.29, P = 0.001) and the dry season (25.2% and 34.1%, χ2 = 7.33, P = 0.007). In contrast, Plasmodium falciparum infection prevalence was greater during the wet season in irrigated areas than in non-irrigated areas (15.3% versus 7.8%, χ2 = 8.7, P = 0.003). There was, however, no difference during the dry season (infection prevalence, < 1.8%). Indicators of nutritional status pertinent to anemia pathogenesis such as weekly consumption of non–heme- and heme-containing foods and household income were greater in communities located within the irrigation scheme versus those outside the irrigation scheme (P < 0.0001). These data indicate that current agricultural irrigation schemes in malaria-endemic communities in this area have reduced the risk of anemia. Future studies should include diagnostic tests of iron deficiency, parasitic worm infections, and genetic hemoglobin disorders to inform public health interventions aimed at reducing community anemia burden.
Surgical Site Infections after Spinal Surgery in a Tropical Area: A Prospective Monocentric Observational Study
Authors: Severyns Mathieu , Hostalrich François-Xavier , Flurin Laure , Vendeuvre Tanguy , Germaneau Arnaud , Turmel Jean-Marie , Cabié André , Benchikh El-Fegoun Abdelkrim
Published: June 2022

To date, no study has described the microbiological profile of surgical site infections (SSIs) after spine surgery in a tropical environment. The main objective of this study is to describe the microbiology and the risk factors of SSI after spinal surgery in a tropical climate. Our hypothesis is that the microbiology of SSIs in tropical areas is different to what is mainly described in temperate countries. As a consequence, the recommendation for antibiotic prophylaxis administered in the operative room, which mainly relays on the literature, might not be adequate in such countries. We included 323 consecutive patients who underwent a spinal intervention between 2017 and 2019, with a 2-year minimum follow-up. Objective ISO criteria were established in accordance with the criteria accepted by the Center of Disease Control in Atlanta. The identification of risk factors for SSI was carried out by uni- and multivariate analysis with a significance threshold of P < 0.05. The incidence of SSI was 7.7%. A total of 54.8% were in favor of a predominantly digestive origin of germs with an average of 1.68 bacteria found by ISO. Inadequate antibiotic prophylaxis was found in 54.8%. Age and body mass index were found to be independent risk factors for SSI. We report here an unusual microbiological profile of SSI with a predominance of gram-negative bacteria and a low proportion of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis.
Dracunculiasis Eradication: End-Stage Challenges
Authors: Hopkins Donald R. , Weiss Adam J. , Torres-Velez Fernando J. , Sapp Sarah G. H. , Ijaz Kashef
Published: June 2022

This report summarizes the status of the global Dracunculiasis Eradication Program as of the end of 2021. Dracunculiasis (Guinea worm disease) has been eliminated from 17 of 21 countries where it was endemic in 1986, when an estimated 3.5 million cases occurred worldwide. Only Chad, Ethiopia, Mali, and South Sudan reported cases in humans in 2021. Chad, Ethiopia, and Mali also reported indigenous infections of animals, mostly domestic dogs, with Dracunculus medinensis. Insecurity and infections in animals are the main obstacles remaining to interrupting dracunculiasis transmission completely.
Integration in the early black Pentecostal community: a basis for social action in a post-1994 South Africa
Authors: Kgatle Mookgo Solomon
Published: June 2022

Early Pentecostalism in South Africa followed the pattern of the 1906 Azusa Street Revival in Los Angeles, United States of America in uniting people in their diversity. In its early development, the South African Pentecostal movement united people who came from different cultural backgrounds, skin colour, races, ethnicity, language groups, economic backgrounds, and so forth. However, a few years after its establishment, the movement followed the pattern of racial segregation in the country and became disintegrated along racial lines. This article argues that the black Pentecostal community, including mixed-race, and Indians, remained integrated regardless of their diversity. This was achieved through the theory of integration in the Christian tradition, particularly in Pentecostalism. The black Pentecostal community is defined and unpacked in a South African context with the aim of demonstrating integration in
this community. The aim of the article is to demonstrate that integration in the black Pentecostal community can serve as a starting point to address the remnants of racial segregation in South Africa. The force behind the unity in dealing with racial segregation in South Africa should be the same force that has to deal with the post-1994 challenges. Therefore, black people should unite to deal with the injustices of the past, socio-economic challenges, crime, and corruption in South Africa.
The impact of work-life balance on job satisfaction, organizational pride and commitment: A study in the service industry
Authors: Anh Nguyen Thi Hoang , Trí Cao Minh , Tú Lê Thị Ngọc
Published: June 2022

The boundary between work and personal life is narrowing. Many companies recognize the necessary of work-life balance, and the high risk of losing employees if they do not satisfy the flexible needs of their employees. This study was conducted to examine the impact of work-life balance on job satisfaction, organizational pride and organizational commitment of employees who are working in the service industry in Ho Chi Minh City. The study was conducted from April to August 2020 through 2 interviews with 2 groups of experts (managers group and staffs group), and online survey with 300 respondents who are working in the service industry. The study results show that the work-life balance affects organizational pride, job satisfaction and organizational commitment of employees. In addition, there are at least 2 factors which affecting the work-life balance, they are job autonomy and supervisor work-life balance support.
Effectiveness of Activity-Based Therapy for Individuals With Spinal Cord Injury in Promoting Static and Dynamic Sitting Balance: Is Olfactory Mucosa Autograft a Factor?
Authors: Larson Cathy A.
Published: June 2022

Background

Activity-based therapy (ABT) appears to improve outcomes for individuals with spinal cord injury (SCI); however, few studies have examined sitting static and dynamic balance. It was unknown whether individuals after SCI who elected to undergo an olfactory mucosa autograft (OMA) would respond differently to ABT.

Objectives

The first objective was to assess changes in sitting strength (static) and dynamic balance in a group of individuals with SCI undergoing intensive ABT. The second objective was to determine whether sitting balance changes would be different for those who had participated in ABT after the OMA versus those who had ABT alone.

Methods

A handheld dynamometer measured peak force (sitting strength) and the multi-directional reach test measured dynamic balance (n = 16).

Results

ABT (average dose: 7 hours per week over 4.6 months) appeared to promote improvements in sitting strength in four directions (0.6–0.8 kg per month) and dynamic balance in four of five directions (0.7–1.3 cm per month). Individuals who had undergone an OMA had similar, but not greater, improvements in static and dynamic balance when compared with those who had ABT alone. It is unknown whether balance improvements resulted from natural or other factors.

Conclusion

ABT may have contributed to balance changes in individuals with SCI. Although small improvements in sitting static and dynamic balance did occur, future research documenting therapy intervention details and ABT dose-response in larger groups of individuals with SCI must be performed to provide guidance as to the optimal, effective ABT dose required to generate clinically meaningful functional improvements.
Possibility of using Information Literacy, Mathematical Literacy and Problem-Solving methodology to teach mathematical concepts related to the contents of Spatial Geometry and Matrices to High School students
Authors: Silva Mayckon Dimas Cardoso , Souza Roberto Barcelos , Miranda Sabrina do Couto de
Published: June 2022

This research aimed to investigate methodological possibilities for teaching Mathematics, in High School, based on the triad Informationl Literacy, Mathematical Literacy and Problem-Solving methodology. To this end, it was carried out bibliographic and field research, with predominantly qualitative results. The suggested methodological proposal was validated with 2nd year high school classes of a public school in Alexânia (GO). In the proposed approach, the teacher acted as a mediator of the teaching and learning process, and it was noticed that the research practice in the classroom served as a foundation for the construction of new concepts. The proposed problems were starting points, that is, introductory to the contents covered in the didactic sequences and did not aim at fixing or finalizing a content. We emphasize that Information Literacy directly influences the achievement of Mathematical Literacy, which is about giving students subsidies to understand mathematics in the modern world.