bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Large-scale fabrication of an ultrathin broadband absorber using quasi-random dielectric Mie resonators
Authors: Guo Xudong , Ren Yu-Xuan , Li Li , Wang Zihui , Wang Shenzhi , Gao Mingyan , Wang Zuobin , Wong Kenneth K. Y.
Published: December 2022

Ultrathin broadband absorber maintaining a near-uniform low reflectivity over a broadband wavelength is essential for many optical applications, such as light harvesting and nanoscale imaging. Recently, there has been considerable interest in employing arrays of high-index dielectric Mie resonators on surfaces to trap light and reduce the reflectivity. For such Mie-resonant metasurfaces, however, antireflection properties featuring both a flat low reflectance curve and a wide bandwidth are hard to be satisfied simultaneously, and an efficient large-scale nanofabrication technique rarely exists. Here, we present a high-throughput laser interference induced quasi-random patterning (LIIQP) technique to fabricate quasi-random Mie resonators in large scale. Mie resonators with feature sizes down to sub-100 nm have been fabricated using a 1064 nm laser source. Each Mie resonator concentrates light at its shape-dependent resonant frequency, and all such resonators are arranged quasi-randomly to provide both rich (with broadband Fourier components) and strong (with large intensities) Fourier spectra. Specifically, a near-uniform broadband reflectivity over 400-1100 nm spectrum region has been confined below 3% by fabricating a large-scale ultrathin (around 400 nm) absorber. Our concept and high-throughput fabrication technique allows the rapid production of quasi-random dielectric Mie-resonant metasurfaces in a controllable way, which can be used in various promising applications including thin-film solar cells, display, and imaging.
(S + C)-band polymer waveguide amplifier based on Tm3+ and Er3+ layer-doped core-shell nanoparticles
Authors: Fu Yuewu , Sun Tonghe , Li Jun , Tang Ying , Yang Yu , Tao Siliang , Wang Fei , Zhang Daming , Qin Guanshi , Jia Zhixu , Zhao Dan , Qin Weiping
Published: December 2022

Optical waveguide amplifiers are essential devices in integrated optical systems. Their gain bandwidths directly determine the operating wavelength of optical circuits. Due to the difficulty of developing wideband gain media, it has been a challenge to fabricate devices with broadband amplification capability, resulting in few reports on multi-band polymer waveguide amplifiers. Here, a polymer waveguide amplifier is demonstrated, which achieves loss compensation covering the whole (S + C) band by using NaYF4:Tm,Yb@NaYF4@NaYF4:Er nanoparticles (NPs)-doped SU-8 as the gain medium. The NPs with a layer-doped core-multishell structure not only provided two emitters required for (S + C)-band amplification, but also reduced the energy transfer (ET) between them. Under 980-nm excitation, the full width at half maximum (FWHM) of the emission peak of NPs reached 119 nm, and the relative gain in the (S + C) band was about 6–8 dB, successfully expanding the operating wavelength from single-band to multi-band.
Two-dimensional electronic spectroscopy of an ultracold gas
Authors: Landmesser Friedemann , Sixt Tobias , Dulitz Katrin , Bruder Lukas , Stienkemeier Frank
Published: December 2022

Femtosecond coherent multidimensional spectroscopy is demonstrated for an ultracold gas.  A setup for phase modulation spectroscopy is used to probe the 32S1/2–22P1/2,3/2 transition in an

800

μ

K-cold sample of 7Li atoms confined in a magneto-optical trap. The observation of a double quantum coherence response, a signature of interparticle interactions, paves the way for detailed investigations of few- and many-body effects in ultracold gases using this technique. The experiment combines a frequency resolution of 3 GHz with a potential time resolution of 200 fs, which allows for high-resolution studies of ultracold atoms and molecules both in the frequency and in the time domain.
Phase retrieval with only a nonnegativity constraint
Authors: Tian Yaocheng , Fienup James R.
Published: December 2022

We show that it may be possible to reconstruct a real-valued, nonnegative 2D object from the magnitude of its Fourier transform using only a nonnegativity constraint without the usual support constraint, even when significant noise is present in the Fourier intensity data.
A brain-wide form of presynaptic active zone plasticity orchestrates resilience to brain aging in Drosophila
Authors: Huang Sheng , Piao Chengji , Beuschel Christine B. , Zhao Zhiying , Sigrist Stephan J.
Published: December 2022

The brain as a central regulator of stress integration determines what is threatening, stores memories, and regulates physiological adaptations across the aging trajectory. While sleep homeostasis seems to be linked to brain resilience, how age-associated changes intersect to adapt brain resilience to life history remains enigmatic. We here provide evidence that a brain-wide form of presynaptic active zone plasticity (“PreScale”), characterized by increases of active zone scaffold proteins and synaptic vesicle release factors, integrates resilience by coupling sleep, longevity, and memory during early aging ofDrosophila. PreScale increased over the brain until mid-age, to then decreased again, and promoted the age-typical adaption of sleep patterns as well as extended longevity, while at the same time it reduced the ability of forming new memories. Genetic induction of PreScale also mimicked early aging-associated adaption of sleep patterns and the neuronal activity/excitability of sleep control neurons. Spermidine supplementation, previously shown to suppress early aging-associated PreScale, also attenuated the age-typical sleep pattern changes. Pharmacological induction of sleep for 2 days in mid-age flies also reset PreScale, restored memory formation, and rejuvenated sleep patterns. Our data suggest that early along the aging trajectory, PreScale acts as an acute, brain-wide form of presynaptic plasticity to steer trade-offs between longevity, sleep, and memory formation in a still plastic phase of early brain aging.
Regional mutational signature activities in cancer genomes
Authors: Timmons Caitlin , Morris Quaid , Harrigan Caitlin F.
Published: December 2022

Cancer genomes harbor a catalog of somatic mutations. The type and genomic context of these mutations depend on their causes and allow their attribution to particular mutational signatures. Previous work has shown that mutational signature activities change over the course of tumor development, but investigations of genomic region variability in mutational signatures have been limited. Here, we expand upon this work by constructing regional profiles of mutational signature activities over 2,203 whole genomes across 25 tumor types, using data aggregated by the Pan-Cancer Analysis of Whole Genomes (PCAWG) consortium. We present GenomeTrackSig as an extension to the TrackSig R package to construct regional signature profiles using optimal segmentation and the expectation-maximization (EM) algorithm. We find that 426 genomes from 20 tumor types display at least one change in mutational signature activities (changepoint), and 306 genomes contain at least one of 54 recurrent changepoints shared by seven or more genomes of the same tumor type. Five recurrent changepoint locations are shared by multiple tumor types. Within these regions, the particular signature changes are often consistent across samples of the same type and some, but not all, are characterized by signatures associated with subclonal expansion. The changepoints we found cannot strictly be explained by gene density, mutation density, or cell-of-origin chromatin state. We hypothesize that they reflect a confluence of factors including evolutionary timing of mutational processes, regional differences in somatic mutation rate, large-scale changes in chromatin state that may be tissue type-specific, and changes in chromatin accessibility during subclonal expansion. These results provide insight into the regional effects of DNA damage and repair processes, and may help us localize genomic and epigenomic changes that occur during cancer development.
EEG-representational geometries and psychometric distortions in approximate numerical judgment
Authors: Appelhoff Stefan , Hertwig Ralph , Spitzer Bernhard
Published: December 2022

When judging the average value of sample stimuli (e.g., numbers) people tend to either over- or underweight extreme sample values, depending on task context. In a context of overweighting, recent work has shown that extreme sample values were overly represented also in neural signals, in terms of an anti-compressed geometry of number samples in multivariate electroencephalography (EEG) patterns. Here, we asked whether neural representational geometries may also reflect a relative underweighting of extreme values (i.e., compression) which has been observed behaviorally in a great variety of tasks. We used a simple experimental manipulation (instructions to average a single-stream or to compare dual-streams of samples) to induce compression or anti-compression in behavior when participants judged rapid number sequences. Model-based representational similarity analysis (RSA) replicated the previous finding of neural anti-compression in the dual-stream task, but failed to provide evidence for neural compression in the single-stream task, despite the evidence for compression in behavior. Instead, the results indicated enhanced neural processing of extreme values in either task, regardless of whether extremes were over- or underweighted in subsequent behavioral choice. We further observed more general differences in the neural representation of the sample information between the two tasks. Together, our results indicate a mismatch between sample-level EEG geometries and behavior, which raises new questions about the origin of common psychometric distortions, such as diminishing sensitivity for larger values.
Leveraging infectious disease models to interpret randomized controlled trials: Controlling enteric pathogen transmission through water, sanitation, and hygiene interventions
Authors: Brouwer Andrew F. , Eisenberg Marisa C. , Bakker Kevin M. , Boerger Savannah N. , Zahid Mondal H. , Freeman Matthew C. , Eisenberg Joseph N. S.
Published: December 2022

Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) evaluate hypotheses in specific contexts and are often considered the gold standard of evidence for infectious disease interventions, but their results cannot immediately generalize to other contexts (e.g., different populations, interventions, or disease burdens). Mechanistic models are one approach to generalizing findings between contexts, but infectious disease transmission models (IDTMs) are not immediately suited for analyzing RCTs, since they often rely on time-series surveillance data. We developed an IDTM framework to explain relative risk outcomes of an infectious disease RCT and applied it to a water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) RCT. This model can generalize the RCT results to other contexts and conditions. We developed this compartmental IDTM framework to account for key WASH RCT factors: i) transmission across multiple environmental pathways, ii) multiple interventions applied individually and in combination, iii) adherence to interventions or preexisting conditions, and iv) the impact of individuals not enrolled in the study. We employed a hybrid sampling and estimation framework to obtain posterior estimates of mechanistic parameter sets consistent with empirical outcomes. We illustrated our model using WASH Benefits Bangladesh RCT data (n = 17,187). Our model reproduced reported diarrheal prevalence in this RCT. The baseline estimate of the basic reproduction numberR0for the control arm (1.10, 95% CrI: 1.07, 1.16) corresponded to an endemic prevalence of 9.5% (95% CrI: 7.4, 13.7%) in the absence of interventions or preexisting WASH conditions. No single pathway was likely able to sustain transmission: pathway-specificR0sfor water, fomites, and all other pathways were 0.42 (95% CrI: 0.03, 0.97), 0.20 (95% CrI: 0.02, 0.59), and 0.48 (95% CrI: 0.02, 0.94), respectively. An IDTM approach to evaluating RCTs can complement RCT analysis by providing a rigorous framework for generating data-driven hypotheses that explain trial findings, particularly unexpected null results, opening up existing data to deeper epidemiological understanding.
Remeshing flexible membranes under the control of free energy
Authors: Wang Xinxin , Danuser Gaudenz
Published: December 2022

Cell membranes are flexible and often undergo large-scale morphological changes during processes like mitosis, protrusion and retraction, or vesicle fusion. Mathematical modeling of cell membranes depends on a representation of the free-form surface by discrete meshes. During morphological changes, these meshes must be adjusted under the minimization of the total free energy. Current methodology for meshing is limited in one of two ways: 1) Free energy-dependent methods have no restriction on the mesh geometry. The resulting irregular meshes cause artifacts in follow-up models of morphodynamics. 2) Geometry-dependent methods maintain mesh quality but violate the physics of free energy minimization. To fill this gap, we regulate mesh geometries via a free-energy-determined remeshing process: adding and removing mesh elements upon morphological changes based on barrier crossings in a double-barrier potential between neighboring vertices in the meshes. We test the method’s robustness by reproducing the morphodynamics of red blood cells and vesicle fusions; and we demonstrate the method’s adaptability by simulating the formation of filopodia, lamellipodia and invaginations. Finally, we use the method to study a mechanical decoupling effect of two connected membrane tethers that has been recently observed experimentally, but has not been mechanistically explained in the context of a complete membrane surface. We propose a biophysical model that strengthens the decoupling effect and broadens the original interpretation of the experiment. The method is developed in C/Matlab and distributed viahttps://github.com/DanuserLab/biophysicsModels.
Investing in global health security: Estimating cost requirements for country-level capacity building
Authors: Eaneff Stephanie , Graeden Ellie , McClelland Amanda , Katz Rebecca
Published: December 2022

The COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted critical gaps in global capacity to prevent, detect, and respond to infectious diseases. To effectively allocate investments that address these gaps, it is first necessary to quantify the extent of the need, evaluate the types of resources and activities that require additional support, and engage the global community in ongoing assessment, planning, and implementation. Which investments are needed, where, to strengthen health security? This work aims to estimate costs to strengthen country-level health security, globally and identify associated cost drivers. The cost of building public health capacity is estimated based on investments needed, per country, to progress towards the benchmarks identified by the World Health Organization’s Joint External Evaluation (JEE). For each country, costs are estimated to progress to a score of “demonstrated capacity” (4) across indicators. Over five years, an estimated US$124 billion is needed to reach “demonstrated capacity” on each indicator of the JEE for each of the 196 States Parties to the International Health Regulations (IHR). Personnel costs, including skilled health, public health, and animal health workers, are the single most influential cost driver, comprising 66% of total costs. These findings, and the data generated by this effort, provide cost estimates to inform ongoing health security financing discussions at the global level. The results highlight the significant need for sustainable financing mechanisms for both workforce development and ongoing support for the health and public health workforce.
Care cascades for hypertension and diabetes: Cross-sectional evaluation of rural districts in Tanzania
Authors: Osetinsky Brianna , Mhalu Grace , Mtenga Sally , Tediosi Fabrizio
Published: December 2022

Background

Noncommunicable diseases (NCDs), especially hypertension and diabetes, are rapidly rising in sub-Saharan Africa, necessitating health systems transformations. In Tanzania, current policies aim to improve control of hypertension and diabetes, but information is still needed to assess the gaps in treatment.

Methods and findings

We conducted a cross-sectional household survey of 784 adults in two districts in Tanzania from December 2020 to January 2021, capturing the cascade-of-care for hypertension and diabetes. The ages of the respondents ranged from 18 to 89 years. Of those screened positive for these conditions, we measured the proportion in each step of the cascades: awareness, care engagement, treatment, and control. We conducted multivariable logistic regression analyses for all four steps along the hypertension care cascade with the independent variables of social health protection schemes, and prior diagnosis of comorbid diabetes, and demographic information. In our sample, of the 771 who had their blood pressure measured, 41% (95% confidence interval (CI): 38% to 44%) were screened positive for hypertension, and of the 707 who had their blood sugar measured, 6% (95% CI: 4% to 8%) were screened positive for diabetes. Of those with hypertension, 43% (95% CI: 38% to 49%) had a prior diagnosis, 25% (95% CI: 21% to 31%) were engaged in care, 21% (95% CI: 3% to 25%) were on treatment, and 11% (95% CI: 8% to 15%) were controlled. Of the 42 respondents with diabetes, 80% (95% CI: 69% to 93%) had a prior diagnosis. The diabetes care cascade had much less drop-off, so 66% of those with diabetes (95% CI: 52% to 82%) were engaged in care and on treatment, and 48% (95% CI: 32% to 63%) had their diabetes controlled at the point of testing. Healthcare fee exemptions were independently associated with higher odds of being previously diagnosed (OR 5.81; 95% CI [1.98 to 17.10]p< 0.005), engaged in care (OR 4.71; 95% CI [1.59 to 13.90]p0.005), and retained in treatment (OR 2.93; 95% CI [1.03 to 8.35]p< 0.05). Prior diagnosis of comorbid diabetes was highly associated with higher odds of being engaged in care for hypertension (OR 3.26; 95% CI [1.39 to 7.63]p< 0.005). The two primary limitations of this study were reliance on screening at a single time point only of people available at the village at the time of the sample and dependence on self-report for to inform the three cascade steps of prior diagnosis, healthcare visits for engagement in care, and treatment use.

Conclusions

The high burden of hypertension and low levels of control in our study underscores the importance of improving the awareness and treatment of hypertension. The differences in the care cascades for hypertension and diabetes demonstrates that chronic NCD treatment is possible in this setting, but efforts will be needed across the entire care cascade to improve hypertension control.
A INFLUÊNCIA SDA HÉLICES DE INOVAÇÃO SOBRE A ECOINOVAÇÃO NA BUSCA DO DESENVOLVIMENTO SUSTENTÁVEL: UMA SURVEY NO SUL DO BRASIL
Authors: Severo Eliana Andréa , Guimarães Julio Cesar Ferro de
Published: December 2022

Objetivo: Este estudo tem como objetivo analisar a influência das hélices holística de inovação sobre a ecoinovação, bem como os consequentes, práticas ambientais, produção mais limpa, social actions, desenvolvimento sustentável e desenvolvimento regional, por meio da percepção de 2.338 participantes do sul do Brasil, evidenciadas por seis hipóteses de pesquisa.
Design / metodologia / abordagem: A metodologia utilizada tratou-se de uma pesquisa quantitativa e descritiva, viabilizada por uma survey, a qual foi aplicada a pessoas do Paraná, Santa Catarina e Rio Grande do Sul. Para a análise de dados utilizou-se a Análise Fatorial Exploratória, Análise Fatorial Confirmatória, assim como a Modelagem de Equações Estruturais.
Resultados: Os testes de hipóteses indicam que as relações entre hélice holística de inovação e ecoinovação (H1), ecoinovação e práticas ambientais (H2), ecoinovação e social actions (H4) e ecoinovação e desenvolvimento regional (H6) são considerados de alta intensidade (>0,5),  a relação entre ecoinovação e produção mais limpa (H3) é de moderada intensidade (>0,3 e <0,5), entretanto, a relação de ecoinovação e desenvolvimento sustentável (H5) é de baixa intensidade (<0,3), contudo as seis hipóteses da pesquisa foram confirmadas.
Originalidade / valor: A principal contribuição do estudo está evidência que a ecoinovação é um drive estratégico para aumentar significativamente os elementos de sustentabilidade ambiental, bem como é o ponto central para as ações que visam as práticas ambientas, social actions e a produção mais limpa que visam o desenvolvimento regional no sul do Brasil.
ENSAIO SOBRE A CEGUEIRA: CAMINHOS DA CAMARÕES GESUND NA CRISE DA COVID-19
Authors: Freitag Maria Salete Batista , Rossi Ricardo Messias , Arantes Fernanda Paula , Júnior Lourival Ribeiro Chaves
Published: December 2022

Dilema: o caso para ensino apresenta o dilema da empresa do segmento da carcinicultura marinha, a Camarões Gesund, face aos momentos de crise vivenciados por ela durante a pandemia de Covid-19. Voltar a exportar, considerando experiência anterior, ou focar no atendimento ao mercado interno, explorando novos segmentos.
Objetivo educacional: o caso se constitui como uma oportunidade para o aprendizado reflexivo e compreensão de como as vivências passadas da empresa, seja no enfrentamento de crises ou na aplicação de novas estratégias, contribuem para o desenvolvimento de capacidades dinâmicas de uma organização.
Contextualização: o caso para ensino descreve situações desafiadoras enfrentadas pela Camarões Gesund em períodos de crise, em especial, aquela provocada pela pandemia de Covid-19. Em um momento em que 90% do seu faturamento era originário de restaurantes, estes permaneceram fechados por mais de cem dias durante a pandemia, mantendo, após esse período, limitações ao atendimento presencial. Nessa direção, o caso visa contribuir para a reflexão dos alunos sobre os momentos de crise vivenciados pela empresa, em especial aquela causada pela pandemia.
Tema principal: aplicação de conceitos de capacidades dinâmicas na avaliação de situações e tomadas de decisões em momentos de crises.
Público: graduação em Administração de Empresas e profissionais em carreira técnica ou gerencial.
Originalidade: além da apresentação de dilema em contexto pandêmico, entende-se como aspectos inovadores do caso sugerir como um dos pontos de reflexão a analogia com o Ensaio sobre a Cegueira. Do ponto de vista didático e pedagógico, propor alternativas para aplicação do caso também em aulas on-line, adotando ferramentas interativas.
Como escalar uma startup? O caso da Use Bike e a expansão da locação de bicicletas em hotéis no Brasil
Authors: Araujo Gianfranco da Silva , Schwade Junior Odilo , Alberton Anete , Marinho Sidnei Vieira
Published: December 2022

O caso da “Use Bike” apresenta o dilema vivido por César e seus sócios para encontrar uma forma de expandir seu negócio. Inicialmente, eles têm duas alternativas: o método de venda por representantes comerciais ou a expansão por franquias. A experiência empresarial revela os diversos desafios, bem como as vantagens associadas a cada uma das escolhas. O uso de representantes comerciais implica na necessidade de maior investimento para aquisição de bicicletas e expansão do negócio e, consequentemente, maiores desafios com relação ao fluxo de caixa. Por outro lado, criar um modelo para franquias, que permita reproduzir o sucesso do negócio, exige vencer desafios e complexidades. A apresentação dessas experiências, com informações sobre a implantação do projeto e considerações coletadas diretamente dos executivos da empresa, tem a finalidade de permitir que alunos sejam capazes de discutir a jornada empreendedora, a partir da validação de modelos de negócios e das possibilidades de escalabilidade de uma startup que não é exclusivamente digital.
The paper explores new discoursive practices determined by media convergence and new communication conditions. Based on the case study of the program “We speak Russian” and the podcast “What is it in Russian?” the following dynamic changes have been ident
Authors: Nesterova Natalia , Oreshkina Anastasia
Published: December 2022

The paper explores new discoursive practices determined by media convergence and new communication conditions. Based on the case study of the program “We speak Russian” and the podcast “What is it in Russian?” the following dynamic changes have been identified: in the forms of existence and perception of radio content (a visual communication channel is implemented on the radio); in the form of interactivity (commentary and live chat have developed); in the communicative function of the addresser (the work of the presenter is carried out on air and on the page in the social network); in the communicative function of the addressee (the mass addressee has become an active subject of communication); at the text level (radio text combines the features of radio, television, press); at the language level (the share of the colloquial layer of the language increases). The podcast analysis complements the use of the hashtag into new discursive practices.
Difficulties in the Development of Genre and Style Subcompetence among Frst-years of Non-philological Profiles
Authors: Южанникова Марина Алексеевна
Published: December 2022

The article describes requirements for communication competencies of a university graduate, in particular, for the genre and style sub-competence. Further listed and described are the difficulties which a lecturer in the higher educational institution may encounter, while developing the sub-competence in first-year non-philologists. These are, first of all, shortcomings of the layout of the course program, in which, as a rule, almost no time is planned for the analysis of characteristics of language styles and the development of oral proficiency in business and scientific styles, next, the consequences of a poor training of style at secondary school, finally, the lack of students' knowledge of the stylistics terminology, which leads to erroneous ideas about the structure of the stylistic system of the modern Russian literary language and an underdevelopment of students' language intuition. In addition, the article suggests some ways of eliminating the indicated difficulties.
Electrical and non electrical characteristics for the fast detection of high current free-burning arcs
Authors: Bruhns M. , Wenzlaff K. , Herrmann R. , Schegner P. , Anheuser M.
Published: December 2022

To guarantee save and reliable operation of low voltage grid devices and to protect all devices from disturbance or damage, it is absolutely necessary to separate normal operation from fault state. A typical fault state with an enormous hazard potential is the arc fault. Due to the high level of energy involved, it can lead to the total write-off of affected devices and hence interrupt the energy supply (service). To prevent extensive consequences, there is a high demand to detect these error conditions and to terminate the fault state in a period of a few milliseconds. The analysis of typical electrical and non-electrical signals with numerical algorithms enables fast detection of arc faults.
Mediating Effect of Dysfunctional Career Thinking in the Relationship between Intolerance of Uncertainty and Career Indecision of Ordinary High School Students
Authors:   Center For Educational Research, Youn Jusun , Jun JuSung
Published: December 2022

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between intolerance of uncertainty, career indecision, and dysfunctional career thinking in ordinary high school students, and to verify the mediating effect of dysfunctional career thinking in the relationship between intolerance of uncertainty and career indecision. Methods: Research data were collected from 443 high school students in Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do, Korea, and the data were analyzed using the PROCESS macro (Model=4) of Hayes (2022), which is a method of verifying mediating effects using bootstrapping. Results: The research results are as follows: First, there was a significant correlation between intolerance of uncertainty, career indecision, and dysfunctional career thinking of high school students. The higher intolerance of uncertainty, the higher dysfunctional career thinking, and the higher dysfunctional career thinking, the higher career indecision. Second, dysfunctional career thinking showed a complete mediating effect in the relationship between intolerance of uncertainty and career indecision. Conclusion: The above research results suggest that not only intolerance of uncertainty, but also educational and counseling interventions that can correct dysfunctional career thinking in a desirable direction are needed to resolve career indecision of high school student.
Effects of Scoring Features on the Accuracy of the Automated Scoring Model of English
Authors:   Center For Educational Research, Shin Dongkwang
Published: December 2022

Purpose: This study attempted to compare the performance of an automated scoring model based on scoring features and three other automated scoring models that do not use the scoring feature. Methods: The data used in this study were 300 essays written by native English speakers in the tenth grade, which were divided into training and validating data at a ratio of 7:3. The RF model was used to predict the scores of the essays based on the analysis of 106 linguistic features extracted from Coh-Metrix. The accuracy of this model was compared to that of three deep learning models― RNN, LSTM, and GRU―which do not use those scoring features. Lastly, in the case of the RF model, scoring features mainly affecting accuracy prediction were further analyzed. Results: RNN which is a type of deep learning had an agreement with human scoring results ranging from .39 to .69 (mean=.58) in each rating domain, while LSTM showed an agreement between .59 and .72 (mean=.64), and GRU’s agreement was between .59 and .72 (mean=.64). However, when using the RF model based on the scoring features, its average accuracy was between .60 to .76 (mean=.69), which is the highest agreement among the four models. In the case of the RF model, ‘word count,’ ‘sentence count,’ and ‘vocabulary density’ were common characteristics across all scoring domains, but several scoring features reflecting the characteristics of each scoring domain were also found. Conclusion: When large-scale data is not available, the RF model showed relatively high automated scoring performance, and the RF model that provides learners with pedagogical feedback based on scoring features would be more useful compared to the other three automated scoring models in terms of the utilization of the automated scoring result.
A Study regarding Improvement of the CQI Program in Medical School based on the CIPP Evaluation Model
Authors:   Center For Educational Research, Lee Aehwa
Published: December 2022

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to verify the effectiveness of a medical school Continuous Quality Improvement (CQI) program and to explore ways for improvement. Methods: To achieve the purpose of this study, a survey was conducted with seventy-two professors who participated in the 2020 CQI program for developing a CIPP evaluation model-based survey tool. Data analysis was conducted by t-test, One-Way ANOVA, and the Importance-Performance Analysis (IPA) using SPSS. Results: First, in the context evaluation stage, the purpose of the CQI program was fully recognized but the conditions for participation in the program and the support system needed to be improved. Second, in the input evaluation stage, the support facilities for the operation of the CQI program were satisfactory, but the level of participation and data provision of the program were found to need improvement. Third, in the process evaluation stage, it was found that maintaining and managing the status quo was sufficient for the CQI program operation plan and schedule. Fourth, in the product evaluation stage, it was found that the CQI program was helpful in strengthening student education and medical education competency. However, it was found that improvement was needed to help research activities. Conclusion: Following combining these results, a way to improve the CQI program was suggested in terms of goal setting, operation plan and execution, performance evaluation, and feedback.
Utilização do sistema geográfico de informação na identificação e mapeamento de unidades ambientais
Authors: Botelho Rosangela Garrido Machado , Silva Antonio Soares da
Published: December 2022

O propósito desse trabalho é destacar a importância da identificação e mapeamento de unidades ambientais, anteriormente às etapas de avaliaçao referentes a projetos de análise ambiental.......
Análise da expansão urbana e das modificações no uso do solo nas sub-bacias do Rio Tintiba e do Córrego do Catonho, Jacarépagua, RJ e suas implicações sobre a erosão do solo
Authors: Silva José Eduardo da , Guerra Antonio José Teixeira
Published: December 2022

O presente estudo apresenta uma avaliação inicial da expansão da área urbana nas sub-bacias do Rio Tintiba e Córrego do Catonho através da fotointerpretação, acompanhada de uma proposta classificação do uso do solo..............
O significado particular do ensino de geografia no bojo da construção do estado-nação alemão no século XIX
Authors: Vlach Vania Rubia Farias
Published: December 2022

O significado particular do ensino de geografia no bojo da construção do estado-nação alemão no século XIX.
Prevalencia y factores asociados al consumo de marihuana en universitariosde Colombia en el año 2016
Authors: Martinez-Torres Javier , Rangel Navia Heriberto , Llanos Redondo Andrés , Portilla Portilla Edwin Mauricio , Anniccharico Lobo Julio Humberto
Published: December 2022

Introducción: El consumo de marihuana toma un singular interés en el contexto de la universidad y en el universitario, pues su uso favorece la generación de relación con sus pares Objetivo: Describir la prevalencia y examinar los factores asociados al consumo de marihuana durante los últimos 30 días en estudiantes universitarios de Colombia, en el año 2016. Método: Estudio transversal analítico. Se realizó un análisis con 9.555 universitarios colombianos. Fue considerado como consumidor de marihuana al universitario que acusó haber consumido marihuana durante los últimos treinta días. Se tomaron, como variables de interés, sexo, edad, percepción de situación económica, problemas académicos y disciplinarios en la secundaria, y características de control parental. Para el análisis, se reportó la prevalencia de marihuana por cada una de las características estudiadas. Las asociaciones fueron estimadas a través de modelos lineales generalizados, esos análisis se ajustaron por el factor de expansión. Resultados: la prevalencia de consumo de marihuana se halló que el 9,7 % (IC 95 % 9,1 %- 10,4 %) habían consumido marihuana en los últimos 30 días; los hombres, quienes tenían control parental sobre los amigos y quienes acusaron haber tenido problemas disciplinarios en la secundaria, mostraron asociación con el consumo de marihuana. Conclusiones: la prevalencia de consumo de marihuana en estudiantes universitarios es elevada con respecto a otros países de la región, características como la presencia de problemas académicos o disciplinarios en la secundaria, así como un pobre control parental fueron las características que mostraron tener mayor relación con el consumo.
Probióticos: una mirada al mecanismo de acción y aplicaciones clínicas en Pediatría
Authors: Camacho-Cruz Jhon , Castañeda-Gutierrez Luz Dary , Mongui-Gutierrez Diana , Martin-Ramirez Andrea , Espinosa Orozco Ana María , Castillo Chiquiza Juan Sebastián , Valencia Hueras Laura , Cuesta Valencia John Francisco , Avellaneda Martínez Juan Sebastián , Gutiérrez Burgos Carlos Andrés , Martin Ramírez Paula Alejandra , Rincón González Camila Andrea , Romero Bernal Paull Sebastián
Published: December 2022

Introducción: Los probióticos son microorganismos vivos que brindan beneficios al huésped mediante diversos mecanismos de acción. Han sido fuente de estudio en diversas patologías pediátricas mostrando algunos resultados prometedores. Objetivo: Elaborar una revisión sistemática sobre los mecanismos de acción y la evidencia actual que tienen los probióticos sobre la salud infantil. Materiales y métodos: Se realizó una revisión narrativa de la literatura con estrategia de búsqueda sistemática de la literatura con términos MESH acerca de los mecanismos de acción de los probióticos y su uso. Se incluyeron metaanálisis, revisiones sistemáticas y ensayos clínicos aleatorizados. Resultados: Los probio?ticos son una nueva herramienta terapéutica usada para mejorar la salud infantil. Se ha encontrado efecto benéfico en diarrea, en enterocolitis necrosante con una disminución significativa de la mortalidad y se ha mostrado evidencia significativa en las horas de llanto en cólico del lactante. Conclusión: Se requieren más estudios en otro tipo de enfermedades como estreñimiento y en algunos procesos alérgicos e inflamatorios. Los ensayos revisados ofrecen un panorama prometedor, pero la elección de un probiótico debe ser individualizado de acuerdo a la edad, enfermedad, cepa, dosis y duración de los diferentes probióticos, dado que cada uno de ellos tiene múltiples mecanismos de acción que impactan de manera diferente en la eficacia clínica.
ON THE PSYCHOLOGICAL FOUNDATIONS OF ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT
Authors: ODEDOYIN Stephen Olabode
Published: December 2022

This paper considered theoretical propositions on the psychological mechanism underlying economic growth and development in diverse nations, particularly how it accounts for variations in levels of per capita income across the globe. Descriptive and analytical techniques were employed in eliciting the basic parameters that underlie this psychological mechanism which motivates inevitably productive economic engagements in various countries of the world. Though the paper appeared to hypothesize a sort of psychological model of economic growth and development, it is merely an attempt in accounting for the growth and development experiences of diverse nations across the world from the theoretical standpoint of their underlying psychological considerations.
PREDICTING DISAGGREGATED TOURIST ARRIVALS IN SIERRA LEONE USING ARIMA MODEL
Authors: JACKSON Emerson Abraham , TAMUKE Edmund
Published: December 2022

This study has uniquely made use of Box-Jenkins ARIMA models to address the core of the three objectives set out in view of the focus to add meaningful value to knowledge exploration. The outcome of the research has testified the achievements of this through successful nine months out-of-sample forecasts produced from the program codes, with indicating best model choices from the empirical estimation. In addition, the results also provide description of risks produced from the uncertainty Fan Chart, which clearly provide possible downside and upside risks to tourist visitations in the country. In the conclusion, it was suggested that downside risks to the low-level tourist arrival can be managed through collaboration between authorities concerned with the management of tourism in the country.
FADING THE EFFECTS OF CORONAVIRUS WITH MONETARY POLICY
Authors: MALATA Alain K. , PINSHI Christian P.
Published: December 2022

The Central Bank of Congo (BCC) reduced the policy rate in response to the uncertain effects of the coronavirus. The impact of the pandemic on the economy is still uncertain and depends on many factors. Using the Bayesian technique of the VAR model we notice that cutting the policy rate would not help the economy to cope with the consequences of COVID-19, we should rethink other tactics and strategies, such as a good communication strategy and / or try unconventional monetary policy measures. However, coordination with fiscal policy is a driver key in blurring the effects of the coronavirus crisis[1].

 

[1]Opinions expressed on this paper do not necessarily reflect the views of the Central Bank of Congo.
MARSHAL MCLUHAN’S TECHNOLOGICAL DETERMINISM THEORY IN THE ARENA OF SOCIAL MEDIA
Authors: JAN Azam , SHAKIRULLAH SHAKIRULLAH , NAZ Sadaf , KHAN Owais , KHAN Abdul Qayum
Published: December 2022

McLuhan (1964) proposed that mediated technologies ensure culture diffusion in a society which in turn helps change human behavior. He states, "We shape our tools, and they in turn shape us." Most of the scholars in the field talked about radio and television etc. as mediated technologies but McLuhan perceived a bit differently by including numbers, games and money as mediated. Regarding numbers, he held that every individual in a theater enjoys all those others present. This creates a mass mind which let elites to establish a profile of the crowd. The phenomenon in turn homogenizes the masses that are easily influenced.  McLuhan stated that games are media of interpersonal communication and extension of human social self. Games according to him “allow for people to simultaneously participate in an activity that is fun and that reflect who they are.” To him money is power that facilitates access. It is money that empowers people to travel the world and serve as transmitter of information, knowledge and culture. These mediated tools according to McLuhan turn the world into a global village.

The media of social networking exactly play the same role attributed by McLuhan with number, game, money along with traditional media of radio and television.  Social Media (SM) users make use of identical applications and undertake almost similar activities that turn them into a homogeneous mass. Likewise, online profiles reflect identity features and most of them consume SM to have fun. SM connects people across cultures, religions, and boundaries and let them feel members of a single community. SM has not only converted the world into a small village but also shaped every aspect of human social life.
PLURALISM AS A RECOMMENDED RESEARCH PRACTICE FOR CENTRAL BANKS IN ADDRESSING WELFARE CONCERNS ON THE EXPERIENCE OF COVID-19
Authors: JACKSON Emerson Abraham
Published: December 2022

The theoretical discourse of pluralism in this paper has paved the way for central banks research approach to accommodate variety in methodological application, which currently seem to be skewed in the direction of monism. In the interest of ensuring welfare concern for citizens is addressed in the best possible way, this paper has expanded its discourse to incorporate economic pluralism that favours variety of methods. This notably include qualitative and quantitative approaches, with the emphasis of digressing on the new entrant of Mixed Research Synthesis (MRS). Such an approach will seek to explore research capacity in support of addressing opportunities for decent citizens’ welfare as the impact of COVID-19 unfold itself.
Nexus between Fiscal Discipline and the Budget Process in Africa: Evidence from Nigeria
Authors: ADEKUNLE Wasiu , BEKOE William , BADMUS Sheriff , ANAGUN Adeyemi M. , ALIMI Wasiu
Published: December 2022

This paper examined the nexus between fiscal discipline and the budget process in Nigeria over the period from 1990 to 2020. Findings showed that the level of fiscal discipline in Nigeria as measured by two proxies of fiscal deficit gap and public debt gap is more enhanced under zero-based budgeting than under current incremental budgeting system. The study also established that civilian administrations are more prone to fiscal indiscipline relative to military dispensations. The paper also revealed the significant role of net foreign aid receipts in significantly narrowing fiscal deficit and public debt gaps in the short-run and long-run, respectively, as well as noted the significant widening impact of an increasing government size on the public debt gap in the long run. The study recommends, among others, the urgent need for the Nigerian government to restore fiscal discipline in public affairs through a reversion to zero-based budgeting system.
Analysis of Environmental Degradation and Its Determinants in Nigeria: New Evidence from ARDL and Causality Approaches
Authors: ADEKUNLE Wasiu , OMO-IKIRODAH Beatrice. O. , COLLINS Olutosin , ADENIYI Andrew , BAGUDO Abubakar , MOSOBALAJE Risikat O. , OLADEPO Safiyyah
Published: December 2022

This paper extends the previous studies to re-examine the functional relations and causal links between environmental degradation and its possible determinants in Nigeria, covering 1977 to 2015. With the aid of ARDL model estimation, the study found a positive relationship between economic growth and environmental degradation (measured by carbon emission). A positive relation was also established between energy consumption and carbon emission. Similarly, this study reported a positive relationship between transport services in the import and export sectors and carbon emission. Through the Granger causality test, the study established a unidirectional causality running from carbon emission to economic growth. Similarly, there was a unidirectional causality running from economic growth to transport services in the export sector. Based on these findings, there is an increasing need for the authorities to regulate economic activities that directly and indirectly contribute to systematic environmental degradation in Nigeria.
Preservation, Standardization and Information Technology 4.0 of Traditional Gedog Tuban Batik to be Competitive in Marketing During COVID - 19
Authors: KARSAM Karsam , WIDIANA Muslichah Erma , WIDYASTUTY Anak Agung Sagung Alit , HIDAYATI Kusni
Published: December 2022

One of traditional batiks of Indonesia is Gedog Batik in Kerek District, Tuban. Gedog batik is made from handmade cloths. It makes the surface of the cloth is rough. The lines of the fabric are coarse clearly visible. Thus, the batik motifs tend to be geometrically patterned following the flow of the fabric. With these conditions, the researchers are worried that Gedog Tuban batik will not be able to compete in market. On this basis, this research was conducted to examine efforts to preserve, standardize, and IT 4.0 traditional batik/Gedog batik Tuban in order to be able to compete in today's marketing (COVID -19 pandemic era). The objective was to find ways to preserve, standardize and TI 4.0 traditional batik/Gedog Tuban batik to be able to compete in current marketing (during the COVID-19 pandemic). To answer problems above, the method used was descriptive qualitative. The results of the research showed that, first, several attempts to preserve Gedog Tuban batik in was loving gedog batik, improving the quality of the fabric, developing other functions by combining the batik with other materials, using technology for melting and drying colors to speed up production. Second, in order to be able to compete, it needed to be standardized. Batik standardization includes 7 aspects. Third, it needed to conduct online promotion and marketing with the right segmentation. This research is expected to be able be useful for readers, researchers, and Gedog batik craftsman.
TRENDS IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF INTERNATIONAL TRADE IN 2011-2016, AND FORECASTS FOR 2017
Authors: RĂDESCU Octavian Dan
Published: December 2022

This paper analyzes the developments in world trade in goods and services in 2015 - 2016, as well as the prospects for 2017 - 2020. It highlights both the main determinants and salient features of merchandise trade in 2015, and its dynamics in terms of volume and value. It also sheds light on the geographical composition of merchandise trade and the major traders worldwide. Similarly, the paper outlines the main trends shaping trade in services in 2015. According to the findings of the paper, 2017 marked the sixth consecutive year in which trade growth has been disappointing, with trade expanding less than 3%, and exceeding only marginally global GDP growth. 

All forecasts by international economic organizations in early 2016, leading to the conclusion that the expansion of international trade from 2016 to 2017 will grow moderately outrunning dynamic global GDP, still below the annual average rate recorded in the pre-crisis period.