bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The algal flora of two distinct habitats along the Moa River in the state of Acre, Brazil
Authors: Archibald Patricia A. , King Joe M.
Published: October 2015

Twenty-eoght algal samples were collected in September-October, 1984, from two distinct habitats in the state of Acre, Brazil. Eleven were from the Moa River, and 17 were from a sulfur water spring which flows into the Moa River. A total of 74 species, representing 48 genera of algae, were identified from these samples. Forty-nine species were found in the Moa River and 67 in the sulfur water spring. Both coolection site had rich assemblages of cyanophycean algae, chlorophycean algae, and diatoms. Chlorophycean species dominated the algae flora at both sites, cut were more numerous at the sulfur water spring. There was also a definite difference in the relatives proportions of desmids to filamentous chlorophycean algae at the two sites.
Variação temporal do efluxo de CO2do solo em sistemas agroflorestais com palma de óleo na Amazônia Oriental
Authors: SILVA Carolina Melo da , VASCONCELOS Steel Silva , MOURÃO JÚNIOR Moisés , BISPO Carlos José Capela , KATO Osvaldo Ryohei , SILVA JUNIOR Alberto Cruz da , CASTELLANI Débora Cristina
Published: October 2015

RESUMOA dinâmica do efluxo de dióxido de carbono (CO2) do solo e seus fatores controladores em sistemas agroflorestais da Amazônia são pouco compreendidas. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a variação temporal do efluxo de CO2 do solo em sistemas agroflorestais onde a palma de óleo é a cultura principal e sua relação com fatores bióticos (carbono microbiano do solo, carbono total do solo, respiração microbiana do solo, raízes finas do solo, indivíduos componentes dos sistemas agroflorestais (SAFs) ) e abióticos (umidade e temperatura do solo). As medições foram realizadas nos períodos menos chuvoso (dezembro de 2010) e chuvoso (maio de 2011). O efluxo de CO2do solo foi mais alto no período chuvoso, provavelmente, devido à maior atividade microbiana nesse período influenciada por fatores climáticos aliados a fatores bióticos. O efluxo de CO2do solo se correlacionou positivamente com umidade do solo e carbono da biomassa microbiana e negativamente com temperatura do solo e quociente metabólico, porém as correlações foram fracas. O efluxo de CO2do solo foi sensível ao tipo de sistema agroflorestal e a sazonalidade da precipitação.
Hematological responses of tambaqui Colossoma macropomum (Serrassalmidae) fed with diets supplemented with essential oil from Mentha piperita (Lamiaceae) and challenged with Aeromonas hydrophila
Authors: RIBEIRO Suzana Cardoso , CASTELO Antonielson Silva , SILVA Bruna Marjara Picanço da , CUNHA Andreza da Silva , PROIETTI JÚNIOR Aldo Aparecido , OBA-YOSHIOKA Eliane Tie
Published: October 2015

ABSTRACTIn fish farmings, diseases can be reduced by using immunostimulants. The aim of this study was to evaluate the immunostimulant potential of Mentha piperita in tambaqui fed with 0, 0.5, 1.0 and 1.5% of oil per kg of commercial fish feed. The fish were inoculated with Aeromonas hydrophila to challenge them. Hematological and biochemical parameters were determined after 30 days of feeding and seven days after the challenge. There was no mortality and M. piperita oil did not influence fish production parameters. However, blood hemoglobin concentration (Hb) increased in the fish fed with 0.5 and 1.5% of oil per kg of diet; albumin increased in those fed with 1.0%; cholesterol increased in all groups with oil; and triglycerides increased in those fed with 0.5%. After the bacterial challenge, the fish showed decreases in Hb when fed with diet enriched with 1.5% oil per kg of diet, in mean corpuscular volume with 1.0% and in mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration with 0 and 1.5%. Protein levels increased in groups with 0 and 1.5% of oil and albumin when fed with 0 and 1.0%; cholesterol levels increased in the control group; and high levels of triglycerides were observed in the groups with 0, 0.5 and 1.5%. Thus, M. piperita essential oil promoted hematological alterations in tambaqui and can be recommended in diets containing up to 1.0% per kg, because of the minimal physiological modifications caused. However, additional studies are necessary to obtain more information regarding to the physiological effects of this immunostimulant.
As Relações entre a Escola e o Aluno: uma história em transformação
Authors: Chaves Miriam Waidenfeld
Published: October 2015

Resumo:A escola, no último século, ao mesmo tempo em que se transforma na agência socializadora por excelência, também se torna alvo de insatisfações, indicando que seja entendida segundo esse duplo movimento: se historicamente nos deparamos com a consagração da forma escolar de socialização, igualmente nos confrontamos com o fim de seu programa institucional. Este texto, através de uma abordagem histórico-social, desenvolve algumas considerações sobre a fixação do paradigma escolar na modernidade e analisa a crise da escola, destacando as formas hegemônicas e em mudança de certas maneiras de pensar, agir e sentir de um dos principais grupos sociais que a compõem: os alunos.
Pedagogia como Gesto Poético de Linguagem
Authors: Richter Sandra Regina Simonis , Berle Simone
Published: October 2015

Resumo:O ensaio aborda a relação entre experiência de linguagem e imaginação poética a partir das reflexões de Agamben, Merleau-Ponty e Bachelard como estratégia para tensionar o problema da descontinuidade temporal que tece a alteridade linguageira dos encontros entre crianças pequenas e adultos. Reivindica a compreensão pedagógica de que é interagindo poeticamente com o mundo, desencadeando tempos de presença e assumindo tentativas de plasmar sentidos singulares no coletivo, e não dele distanciando-se analiticamente, que podemos perseguir a linguagem como gesto desvinculado de qualquer instrumentalidade. A questão pedagógica que emerge não é a da liberdade enraizada no individuo, mas a do viver juntos.
Qual Formação no Trabalho Educativo com a Primeira Infância?
Authors: Infantino Agnese
Published: October 2015

Resumo:Uma ênfase sobre reflexividade, na formação das profissões da primeira infância, expõe tanto ao risco de desvalorizar a dimensão da prática quanto ao de supervalorizar a individualidade de cada profissional reflexivo. Estes riscos são elevados na formação das profissões da primeira infância onde são essenciais as práticas educativas, o grupo profissional, a cultura da instituição educativa. Quais abordagens praticar para a formação destas profissões? Os modelos montessoriano e pikleriano, a didática profissional, a pedagogia interativa e a formação na prática.
Quantificação e Avaliação das Principais Espécies Florestais Licenciadas no Estado do Acre de 2005 a 2012
Authors: Silva Flávia Alessandra Pinheiro da Rocha Cordeiro e , Robert Renato Cesar Gonçalves , Santos Adriana da Silva , Mendonça Sabina Dessartre
Published: October 2015

O presente trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar, identificar e quantificar os 15 principais gêneros e espécies florestais exploradas legalmente no estado do Acre, na Amazônia brasileira, bem como analisar o número de autorizações emitidas para exploração de florestas manejadas, o volume de madeira e a área de manejo licenciada pelo Instituto de Meio Ambiente do Acre de janeiro de 2005 a agosto de 2012. Os dados coletados demonstraram que a área e o volume de madeira licenciados apresentaram um crescimento no período analisado, atingindo o ápice em 2010 e 2011, respectivamente. Os 15 principais gêneros e espécies licenciados foram: cumaru-ferro (Dipteryx spp.), garapeira (Apuleia spp.), sumaúma (Ceiba spp.), açacu (Hura crepitans L.), matamatá (Eschweilera spp.), jatobá (Hymenaea spp.), tauari (Couratari spp.), manitê (Brosimun spp.), caucho (Castilla ulei Warb.), cedro (Cedrela spp.), guariúba (Clarisia racemosa Ruiz e Pav.), faveira (Parkia spp.), copaíba (Copaifera spp.), guaribeiro (Phyllocarpus riedelii Tul.) e abiurana (Pouteria spp.).
Etileno e peróxido de hidrogênio na formação de aerênquima em milho tolerante a alagamento intermitente
Authors: Pires Marinês Ferreira , Castro Evaristo Mauro de , Magalhães Paulo César , Neta Izabel Costa Silva , Monteiro Aline Gomes Dias Pinto
Published: October 2015

Resumo:O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o papel do etileno e do peróxido de hidrogênio (H2O2) na formação do aerênquima em ciclos de seleção genética da cultivar de milho BRS 4154, sob alagamento. Plantas dos ciclos C1 e C18 foram submetidas a alagamento por 7 dias, com coleta das raízes aos 0 (controle, sem alagamento), 1 e 7 dias. Foram analisados: a expressão gênica das enzimas ACC sintase (ACS), ACC oxidase (ACO), dismutase do superóxido (SOD) e peroxidase do ascorbato (APX); a produção de etileno e o conteúdo de H2O2; a atividade da enzima ACO; e a proporção de aerênquima no córtex. Não houve expressão de ACS e ACO. Houve variação na atividade de ACO e na produção de etileno. A expressão da SOD foi maior em plantas C1 e a da APX, em C18, com redução aos 7 dias. O conteúdo de H2O2 não diferiu entre os tratamentos. A proporção de aerênquima aumentou com o tempo, tendo sido maior em plantas C18 e relacionada à taxa de formação do aerênquima. O tempo de alagamento e o nível de tolerância do ciclo de seleção influenciam a produção do etileno. A expressão da APX indica maior produção de H2O2 no início do alagamento.
Desempenho de cultivares de feijoeiro-comum em sistema orgânico de produção
Authors: Fernandes Rodolfo Condé , Guerra José Guilherme Marinho , Araújo Adelson Paulo
Published: October 2015

Resumo:O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o crescimento e a produção de cultivares de feijoeiro-comum (Phaseolus vulgaris), de diferentes tipos comerciais de grão, em sistema orgânico de produção. Dois experimentos foram realizados em campo com 16 cultivares em delineamento experimental de blocos ao acaso, com 16 tratamentos e 4 repetições. As sementes receberam inoculação com rizóbios, tendo-se utilizado esterco bovino ao plantio e torta de mamona em cobertura. As cultivares de feijão diferiram quanto à nodulação, ao acúmulo de matéria seca e de N na parte aérea, à produção de grãos e aos componentes de produção, com interações significativas entre cultivares e anos quanto à produção. A produtividade média de grãos das cultivares foi de 2.035 e 1.704 kg ha-1 em 2011 e 2012, respectivamente, em que se destacam BRS Pontal, BRS Campeiro, BRS Radiante, Aporé e Constanza, com produtividade acima de 1.900 kg ha-1 na média dos dois anos. A produtividade foi maior nas cultivares com sementes grandes, em 2011, e maior nas de sementes pequenas em 2012. As cultivares BRS Radiante e Constanza, de grãos de tipos especiais com perspectivas de nichos de mercado com maior valor de comercialização, apresentam bom desempenho no sistema orgânico de produção.
Breeding objectives for a Nellore cattle rearing system
Authors: Carvalho Caio Victor Damasceno , Bittencourt Thereza Cristina Calmon de
Published: October 2015

Abstract:The objective of this work was to define the traits that should be included as breeding objectives for Nellore cattle, according to simulations with a bio-economic model for rearing systems. The economic values (EVs) of the traits were calculated as the differences between the profits due to an increased performance of 1% in each trait, with the others traits remaining constant. To determine the impact of each selection on the revenue system, two scenarios were simulated based on the traits being selected. In the first scenario, the adopted selection criteria were: weaning weight (WW), weaning rate (WR), yearling weight (YW), and mature cow weight (MCW). In the second scenario, the cumulative productivity (CP) of dams was used as an indirect evaluation of the performance of calves, with all the other traits included, except WW. In the first scenario, an EV of R$ 1.44 kg-1 was obtained for WW. In the second scenario, an EV of R$ 2.91 kg-1 was obtained for CP. The trait with the highest EV in both scenarios was WR, which enhanced the profits by R$ 3.21 for each 1% increased performance. The meat price paid to the producer is the factor with the greatest impact on the EVs of all examined traits.
Age of acquisition and naming performance in Frisian-Dutch bilingual speakers with dementia
Authors: Veenstra Wencke S. , Huisman Mark , Miller Nick
Published: October 2015

Age of acquisition (AoA) of words is a recognised variable affecting language processing in speakers with and without language disorders. For bi- and multilingual speakers their languages can be differentially affected in neurological illness. Study of language loss in bilingual speakers with dementia has been relatively neglected.OBJECTIVE:We investigated whether AoA of words was associated with level of naming impairment in bilingual speakers with probable Alzheimer's dementia within and across their languages.METHODS:Twenty-six Frisian-Dutch bilinguals with mild to moderate dementia named 90 pictures in each language, employing items with rated AoA and other word variable measures matched across languages. Quantitative (totals correct) and qualitative (error types and (in)appropriate switching) aspects were measured.RESULTSImpaired retrieval occurred in Frisian (Language 1) and Dutch (Language 2), with a significant effect of AoA on naming in both languages. Earlier acquired words were better preserved and retrieved. Performance was identical across languages, but better in Dutch when controlling for covariates. However, participants demonstrated more inappropriate code switching within the Frisian test setting. On qualitative analysis, no differences in overall error distribution were found between languages for early or late acquired words. There existed a significantly higher percentage of semantically than visually-related errors.CONCLUSIONThese findings have implications for understanding problems in lexical retrieval among bilingual individuals with dementia and its relation to decline in other cognitive functions which may play a role in inappropriate code switching. We discuss the findings in the light of the close relationship between Frisian and Dutch and the pattern of usage across the life-span.
Brief intervention for agrammatism in Primary Progressive Nonfluent Aphasia: A case report
Authors: Machado Thais Helena , Campanha Aline Carvalho , Caramelli Paulo , Carthery-Goulart Maria Teresa
Published: October 2015

The non-fluent and agrammatic variant of Primary Progressive Aphasia (NFPPA) is characterized by reduced verbal production with deficits in building grammatically correct sentences, involving dysfunctions in syntactic and morphological levels of language. There are a growing number of studies about non-pharmacological alternatives focusing on the rehabilitation of functional aspects or specific cognitive impairments of each variant of PPA. This study reports a short-term treatment administered to a patient with NFPPA focusing on the production of sentences. The patient had significant reduction in verbal fluency, use of keywords, phrasal and grammatical simplifying as well as anomia. Using the method of errorless learning, six sessions were structured to stimulate the formation of sentences in the present and past with the cloze technique. The patient had improvement restricted to the strategy, with 100% accuracy on the trained phrases and generalization to untrained similar syntactic structure after training. These results persisted one month after the treatment.
A De Novo Deletion in the Regulators of Complement Activation Cluster Producing a Hybrid Complement Factor H/Complement Factor H–Related 3 Gene in Atypical Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome
Authors: Challis Rachel C. , Araujo Geisilaine S.R. , Wong Edwin K.S. , Anderson Holly E. , Awan Atif , Dorman Anthony M. , Waldron Mary , Wilson Valerie , Brocklebank Vicky , Strain Lisa , Morgan B. Paul , Harris Claire L. , Marchbank Kevin J. , Goodship Timothy H.J. , Kavanagh David
Published: October 2015

The regulators of complement activation cluster at chromosome 1q32 contains the complement factor H (CFH) and five complement factor H–related (CFHR) genes. This area of the genome arose from several large genomic duplications, and these low-copy repeats can cause genome instability in this region. Genomic disorders affecting these genes have been described in atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome, arising commonly through nonallelic homologous recombination. We describe a novel CFH/CFHR3 hybrid gene secondary to a de novo 6.3-kb deletion that arose through microhomology–mediated end joining rather than nonallelic homologous recombination. We confirmed a transcript from this hybrid gene and showed a secreted protein product that lacks the recognition domain of factor H and exhibits impaired cell surface complement regulation. The fact that the formation of this hybrid gene arose as a de novo event suggests that this cluster is a dynamic area of the genome in which additional genomic disorders may arise.
Surgical treatment of children with idiopathic thoracolumbar scoliosis using transpedicular spinal systems
Authors: Vissarionov Sergei Valentinovich , Nadirov Nurbek Nadirovich , Belyanchikov Sergei Mikhailovich , Kokushin Dmitriy Nikolaevich , Murashko Vladislav Valerievich , Kartavenko Kirill Aleksandrovich
Published: October 2015

Purpose of the study. Evaluation of the surgical treatment of children with idiopathic scoliosis of thoracolumbar localization. Materials and methods. Surgery was performed on 33 patients aged from 13 to 17 years with a curve approximating 42°-123°, according to Cobb. Surgical correction of the deformity was performed using three tactical options with the use of a transpedicular multi-basic metallic device. Results. In idiopathic thoracolumbar scoliosis, the surgical correction ranged from 74% to 100%. Loss of correction in the follow-up period from 2 to 5 years was 2°-4°. Conclusion. Surgical treatment of children with idiopathic thoracolumbar scoliosis depends on the degree of the main curve, spinal mobility, and the patient's age. Application of a multi-basic transpedicular metallic device allows significant correction of the angle of the curve, a true de-rotation of vertebral bodies at the apex of the curve to be performed, and the frontal and sagittal profile of the spine to be restored while maintaining the results achieved in the late postoperative period.
Chondromyxoid fibroma of the femur in a child aged 9 years (Clinical case)
Authors: Pozdeev Aleksander Pavlovich , Chigvariya Nikolai Georgievich , Krasnogorskiy Ivan Nikolaevich
Published: October 2015

The article reflects the experience in the diagnosis and surgical treatment of chondromyxoid fibroma in the proximal metadiaphysis of a large femoral bone in a child in the first decade of life. We presented the family and medical history of the child complaints, orthopedic/local status, and the results of radiological methods and emphasized difficulties of nosologic identification and differential diagnosis of the bone destructive process at the stage before biopsy and surgery. Macroscopic findings during surgery were identified, and the amount of resection of the affected bone was determined. A detailed description of the results of pathological and morphological (macro- and microscopic) studies is given, which could confirm the tumor process. Late results with the absence of oncological re-occurrence (7 years) and good anatomical and functional results from orthopedic surgery are shown.
Effect of general vibration on functions of breath chain in the rabbit parenchimatic organs
Authors: Vorobyeva Viktoriya Vladimirovna , Khorobrykh V G , Shabanov Petr Dmitriyevich
Published: October 2015

The purpose of the paper was to study the activity of energy producing system of the rabbit liver and ren after exposure to general vibration of different type regimens. The energy dependent reactions of native mitochondria were investigated by means of polarographic method using Clark’s closed membrane electrode. The energy producing system of the liver and ren was shown to be involved in response reaction of the organism on vibration exposure. The degree of functional activity of the liver and ren mitochondria depended on the studied regimens of vibration (frequency and duration) and manifested with misbalance between FAD- and NAD-depended links of the breath chain. The increase in frequency and duration of vibration led to low energetic shift with activation of the oxidative system for succinate and the inhibition of NAD-depended link of the breath chain in mitochondria as well as with dystrophy of the liver tissue.
THE MOLLUSC IONIC CURRENTS CHANGES AFTER ADMINISTRATION OF N-PHENYLALKYL DERIVATIVES OF TAURINE
Authors: Vislobokov Anatoliy Ivanovich , Khnychenko Lyudmila Konstantinovna , Ignatov Yuriy Dmitriyevich , Sapronov Nikolay Sergeyevich , Shabanov Petr Dmitriyevich
Published: October 2015

The transmembrane sodium, potassium and calcium ionic currents were studied after extracellular administration of N-phenylalkyl derivatives of taurine in concentrations 1, 10, 100 and 1000 mM. The method of intracellular dialysis with fixed membrane potential was used in model of isolated neurons of the mollusks Lymnaea stagnalis and Planorbarius corneus. The solutions containing 1 and 10 mM of the compounds studied did not change ionic channels activity in isolated neurons. Concentrations 100 and mM depressed reversibly all currents in the dose-dependent manner: taurine < TAU-02 < TAY-15 < TAU-60. The voltage-amplitude membrane characteristics as well as kinetics of the currents did not change.
Study of central effects for calcium antagonists of the 2-H-1-benzopiran line in condition of experimental neurotic state
Authors: Krauz Vladislav Alekseyevich , Belyayeva Olesya Aleksandrovna , Ivkin Dmitriy Yuryevich
Published: October 2015

Calcium antagonists of the 2-H-1-benzopiran line (substances AVD-6 and AVD-7) were shown to reveal anxiolytic action in experimental neurotic states. Substance AVD-33 had nootropic action in condition of chronical neurotisation in a one trial passive avoidance test.
Application of natural and artificial hypoxia in sport training
Authors: Radchenko Aleksandr Sergeyevich
Published: October 2015

The purpose of this review is brief description of the altitude and hypoxia application principles as added tools in sports training. The research directions are determined which require activation of applied developments for the improvement of sports training technologies using hypoxia conditions. Also in the review emphasized the haemoproteins role at the adaptation to hypoxia and hypoxia’s effects on CNS fatigue.
The role of neurotransmitter systems separate the hemispheres of the brain in action the new antiepileptic compounds AGB-31
Authors: Yarosh Oleg Aleksandrovich
Published: October 2015

Compound AGB-31, a monocarbamate derivative, is shown to possess a high antiepileptic activity. The mechanisms of antiepileptic action are connected with significant increase in glutamic acid decarboxylase activity in the left hemisphere of the brain, with trend of the glutamate content decrease in the left hemisphere and the tendency to increase GABA in both hemispheres. AGB-31 significantly (more than 3-fold) increases syntase nitric oxide activity in the left hemisphere and has a tendency to reduce the NO content in both hemispheres. AGB-31 significantly (by 63.4%), reduced glutathione peroxydase activity in the right hemisphere without changing it in the left, with a tendency to increase the activity of glutathione reductase in both hemispheres.
Energy metabolism in rat testis after 137Cs incorporation
Authors: Al Meselmani Mokhanad Ali , Yevseyev Andrey Viktorovich , Shabanov Petr Dmitriyevich
Published: October 2015

Testis tissue energy metabolism was investigated in experiments on albino rats by the polarographic method with using of Clark electrode upon 137Cs incorporation. Speed changes are revealed in all metabolic conditions such as oxidation under endogenous and exogenous substrates, uncoupling of oxidative phosphorylation, and decrease share of the fatty acids role in testicular tissue energy production.
Hypoxia-inducible factor as a pharmacological target
Authors: Novikov Vasiliy Yegorovich , Levchenkova Olga Sergeyevna
Published: October 2015

The review is devoted to the role of specific regulatory protein HIF-1α (hypoxia-induced factor-1alpha) in the mechanisms of the organism adaptation to hypoxia. Pharmacological influence on HIF-1α for a target upregulation of processes of immediate and delayed organism adaptation to hypoxia is discussed in the article. Such approach opens new possibilities of effective pharmacotherapy of oncological, rheumatic, cardio-vascular and other diseases which have hypoxia and ischemia in their pathogenetic state.
The influence of experimentally changedthyroid status on cognitive activity and angiogenesis in the brain of female inbred С3Н-А mice
Authors: Glushakov Ruslan Ivanovich , Kozyrko Yelena Vasilyevna , Raskin Gennadiy Aleksandrovich , Karpova Inessa Vladimirovna , Lebedev Andrey Andreyevich , Mikheyev Vladimir Vladimirovich , Tapilskaya Natalya Igorevna , Proshin Sergey Nikolayevich
Published: October 2015

The study was performed using 33 virgin females of inbred C3H-A mice. The animals were randomized as follows 3 : 2 : 2. The first group was hyperthyroid (n1 = 15), the second hypothyroid (n2 = 10) and the third euthyroid (control) (n3 = 8). The results of individual behavior investigation as to 18 and 40 weeks of our experiment in “open field” test clarified that quantitative traces of almost whole components of cognitive activity was much higher in hyperthyroid mice as compared to other groups (control and hypothyroid ones). The cognitive behavior activity has gradually been decreasing in hypothyroid group especially in connection to burrow reflex. As to those elements of behavior which are of characteristics of emotions the results were a bit different. The emotional characteristics were more expressed in hyperthyroid group as compared to control and hypothyroid ones. The immunohistochemical investigations clearly showed that expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in neocortex and hyppocampus prevails in hyperthyroid mice and less expressed in animals deprived of thyroid hormones (p < 0.05). The level of glial fibrillar acidic protein (GFAP) expression was significantly lower in brain of hypothyroid animals (p < 0.05). Otherwise the level of platelet derived growth factor receptor-α (PDGF-Rα) expression was much higher in brain of hypothyroid mice (p < 0.05). Our results presented for this paper confirmed the key role of thyroid hormones in regulation of cell interaction not only for developing neural cells but also for adult central nerve system.
Pharmacological correction of amnesticdisorders in mammalians(evolutionary aspects of investigation)
Authors: Sollertinskaya Tatyana Nikolayevna , Shorokhov Mstistlav Vladilenovich
Published: October 2015

The present work is devoted to the study of the peptides bioregulators of new generation (Cortexin, Semax, Selank) in the compensation of the disturbed Higher Nervous Functions ih the ascending row of mammls (insectivores, rodents, primates). The new data have been established that at the early stage of mammals (in insectivores) Cortexin, Semax and Selank induced the more significant and long lasted effect on inherent forms of behaviour. Their effects on the compensation of the disturbed Higher Nervous Functions have nonspecific, facilatory short time lasted character. Contrary to insectivores, rodents have a clear tendency to compesation for Higher Nervous Function disturbances. At the Semax and Selank background, the delayed conditional reflexes were restored. It has been established that the cerebroprotective effects of Selank exerted more significant influences upon the brain function disturbances in neurotic rats. Contrary to the results found in lower mammals, the application of Cortexin, Semax and Selank to neurotic monkeys exerted differnt effects upon the Higher Nervous Functions disturbances. The compensatory effects of drugs are dose dependant in nature being more effective with intranasal administration and having different effects on the various types of neurosis. The long duration compensation of the mental disturbances (the EEG homeostatic parameters of memory processes) took place during the Selank (30 mkg/ kg) administration. The cerebroprotective effects of Semax are especially significant on the operative memory. Cortexin antiamnestic and cerebroprotective effects especially significant at the inhibitory type of neurosis. The data collected on the compensatory Cortexin, Semax and Selank influeces on the disturbed memory processes and cognitive deficit of monkey’s may serve as neurophysiological basis for the more intensive and specific role of these drugs in the neurological clibic.
NEUROPROTECTIVE PROPERTIES OF DRY EXTRACTS OF FUMARIA SCHLEICHERI AND OCIMUM BASILICUM
Authors: Tsyvunin Vadim Vladimirovich , Shtrygol Sergey Yurevich , Prokopenko Yuliya Sergeevna
Published: October 2015

On the model of closed traumatic brain injury in rats dry extracts of Fumaria schleicheri and Ocimum basilicum have shown a neuroprotective effect by the reduction of behavioral and cognitive disorders, normalization of the brain mass / body weight ratio and the prooxidative-antioxidative balance in CNS. According to the sum of the effects the extracts take precedence over reference drug bilobile.
Pharmacology of polyprenols as adaptogens reducing glycation processes
Authors: Bakunina Natalya Sergeyevna , Glushakov Ruslan Ivanovich , Tapilskaya Natalya Igorevna , Shabanov Petr Dmitriyevich
Published: October 2015

Nowadays a significant attention is currently given to the process of glycation which plays an important role in the pathogenesis of vascular complications of diabetes and different neurodegenerative diseases. As a result of inconvertible transformation of early glycation products, stable compounds with different structure are produced - advanced glycation end-products (AGE), which have special patterns leading to pathological development. There are specific receptors of AGE which include phagocyte receptor, RAGE-receptor for advanced glycation end products, and galectin-3. It is necessary to find methods for prevention of development negative processes induced by glycation. It can be administration of glycation inhibitors or the use of compounds, leading to reduction of the level of glycation products, as well as intensification of metabolic processes, which also promotes reduction of glycation. It can also be inhibition of interlocking with receptor and/or post-receptor signaling pathways, which can theoretically reduce the risk of negative phenomena, induced by glycation products. Polyprenols are biologically highly functional active compounds taking part in the process of polysaccharides, glycoproteins, peptidoglycanes and carbohydrate-containing biopolymers biosynthesis. Polyprenols are perspective drugs that can be applied in various fields of experimental and clinical medicine.
Modulation of electrical activity and ionic currents of isolated neurons by orexin A
Authors: Shabanov Petr Dmitriyevich , Vislobokov Anatoliy Ivanovich
Published: October 2015

The changes in intracellular potential of resting (PR) and potential of action (PA) of the identified neurons of pedal and visceral ganglia of the CNS mollusk Planorbarius corneus registered by means of intracellular electrodes, and ionic currents of isolated neurons under fixed potential after administration of orexin A in concentrations 1, 10, 100 and 1000 µg/ml were studied by the method of fixation of membrane potential in isolated neurons of the Lymnaea stagnalis mollusk. Dibazol in concentrations of 1 and 10 µM effected slightly on the ionic currents. High concentrations of dibazol (100 and 1000 µM) inhibited all currents in dose dependent manner with maximal effect on potassium currents amplitude. ЕС50 were 7.4 мМ for INa, 4.0 мМ for ICa, 83.9 µM for IKs,1 (one group of neurons) and 2.9 мМ for IKs,2 (the another group of neurons). The voltage-amper membrane characteristics shift was not registered, but the kinetics of currents development was changed. Dibazol was more effective in inhibition of ionic currents compared to its structural analogs.
Changes of intracellular potentials and ionic currents of the mollusk neurons under action of solvents dimethylsulfoxide and acetone
Authors: Vislobokov Anatoliy Ivanovich , Melnikov Konstantin Nikolayevich , Tyurenkov Ivan Nikolayevich , Shabanov Petr Dmitriyevich
Published: October 2015

Dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO), and dimethyl ketone (acetone) in concentrations up to 100 mM after extracellular application did not change the electrical activity of the identified pedal ganglia neurons of clam Planorbarius corneus in microelectrode studies and voltage clamp technique. DMSO in concentrations of 500 and 1000 mM (4 and 8 % solution), and acetone in smaller concentrations (from 200 mM-1.2% or higher) was shown to depolarize neurons and to increase the frequency and duration of action potentials, their amplitude and the total ionic currents (dV/dt) being decreased. The changes were fully reversible, hyperpolarization of cells was registered after washing, which was caused probably by activation of electrogenic transport of sodium ions. DMSO and acetone were suggested to change the neuron state not only by changes in resting potential but also by direct effects on ion channels. Acetone reduced amplitude of action potentials in neurons because of depolarization and in less degree because of its effects on ion channels. DMSO and acetone in concentrations of 100-200 mM are concluded to be safe for biological objects when they are used for dissolution of pharmacological agents.
Effect of immune modulators in different combinations on luceginine-dependent chemical luminescence in the blood alveolar and peritoneal macrophages
Authors: Zarubina Irina Viktorovna , Antonenkova Yelena Vladimirovna , Bolekhan Anna Vladimirovna , Mokrenko Yevgeniy Viktorovich
Published: October 2015

In vitro the blood alveolar and peritoneal macrophages can be assessed as systems with limit possibilities for evaluation of antioxidant properties of immune modulators because we can assess only antiradical (anti-superoxide О2•) effect of them in these systems. Immune modulators in fifferent concentrations (0.1-20 mM) can induce prooxidant or antioxidant effect in these systems. The blood alveolar and peritoneal macrophages differentially react on adding of immune modulators with proved systemic antioxidant properties (metaprot, trekresan, polyoxydonium). Combination of immune modulators increases the possibility of appearance of intiradical properties in these cellular systems.
Dynamics of energy metabolism under action of new selenium containing metal-complex substance
Authors: Sosin Denis Vladimirovich , Yevseyev Andrey Viktorovich , Parfenov Edgar Andreyevich , Shabanov Petr Dmitriyevich
Published: October 2015

The value of standard energy metabolism had measured on rats after intragastral (oral) administration of the new selenium containing metal-complex substance πQ1983 in dose 100 mg/kg. The well-known antihypoxant amthizol was used as a substance of comparison in a same dose. The substance πQ1983 administered 90 min before study was shown to decrease the activity of energy processes in organism from 194.4 ± 0.7 kcal/day/kg to 74.5 ± 0.5 kcal/day/kg but effect of amthizol was not reliable. It was revealed also that both substances (πQ1983 significantly, amthizol slightly) decreased the oxygen consumption rate during rising acute exogenous hypoxia that could form high resistance level to oxygen insufficiency in rats. Probably, the decrease of oxygen consumption is due to the inhibitory effects of the substances studied, especially substance πQ1983, on active energetic processes in the organism.
Melatonin participates in organism protection against infection
Authors: Arushanyan Eduard Beniaminovich
Published: October 2015

In this review, the recent experimental and clinical data about protective effects of melatonin produced by pineal gland and peripheral cells, against different kind of infections are observed. The cellular and systemic mechanisms of its protective activity and therapeutic possibilities are also discussed.
Analysis of neuroprotective effects of polyprenols in a rat model of posttraumatic stress disorder
Authors: Bakunina Natalia Sergeevna , Lebedev Andrei Andreevich , Tsikunov Sergei Georgievich , Soultanov Vagif Sultanovich , Shabanov Petr Dmitrievich
Published: October 2015

The purpose of investigation was to assess protective action of polyprenols (2 and 10 mg/kg) in a rat model of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). PTSD was reproduced in situation of unavoidable vital stress in rats by replacing them into a cell with hungry piton. For the five first minutes the piton was separated from the rats with transparent wall to get acquainted each other with a situation. Then, the wall was elevated, and piton seized a rat, asphyxied it when other rats (22) observed at the situation. The majority of rats were collected in the corner dying away from the beast. The other rats behaved themselves differently. Some of them attacked the piton, bited it, but the majority raced chaotically on the cell with piton. The exposure of rats with piton was 20 minutes. For that time it seized and asphyxied 1 or 2 rats. Polyprenols (from 8 till 18 isoprene units) were injected i. p. in doses of 2 or 10 mg/kg in oil solution for 7 days beginning with 1st day of the experiment (the first injection was 1 h after psychogenic exposure). The behavioral reactions were assessed in open field, elevated plus maze, in Porsolt’s test and in one trial passive avoidance response. The effects of polyprenols of 2 and 10 mg/kg were different. Polyprenols 2 mg/kg did not change horizontal and vertical motor activity in rats, moderately (in 1.5-fold) decreasing explorative activity and increasing grooming in open field. Emotional reactions were not changed. In the elevated plus maze, polyprenols 2 mg/kg possessed mild anxiolytic activity performed in 2.5-fold elevation of hangings number. In Porsolt’s test on depression, polyprenols 2 mg/kg moderately increased time of active swimming and sharply decreased time of immobilization (up to zero). That indicated on antidepressant properties of this dose (2 mg/kg) of polyprenols. In passive avoidance test, psychogenic stress facilitated formation and storage of habit (only 10 % of rats entered the dark chamber in 24 h after formation of the habit compared with 60 % in naïve rats). Polyprenols 10 mg/kg moderately activated explorative behavior without any effect on motor activity. In the elevated plus maze, the effects of polyprenols 2 and 10 mg/kg were similar in general. In Porsolt’s test, polyprenols 10 mg/kg did not perform a significant antidepressant effect. At last, in passive avoidance test, 30 % of rats have not learned after psychogenic stress, and the learned rats reproduced the passive avoidance response with phenomenon of hypermnesia, as in control group. So, polyprenols 2 and 10 mg/kg possess anxiolytic and antidepressant activity in a rat PTSD model. Polyprenols 2 mg/kg are more effective than polyprenols 10 mg/kg.
Central mechanisms of conditioned place preference in rats
Authors: Roik Roman Olegovich , Smirnov Aleksandr Anatolyevich , Vinogradov Petr Mikhaylovich , Potapkin Aleksandr Mikhaylovich , Lebedev Andrey Andreyevich
Published: October 2015

The purpose of the investigation was to clear the significance of dopamine, GABA, opioids and sodium influx ionic currents of the nucleus accumbens neurons for the reinforcing effects of a number of psychotropic drugs (opiates, opioids, psychostimulants) on conditioned place preference (CPP) in rats. The microcannules were implanted into the nucleus accumbens (the extended amygdala system) of the Wistar male rats to inject the drugs studied (1 μg in 1 μl in volume for each injection). The rats were learned CPP of a one of narcogenics during 8 days. Some drugs, lidocain, a blocker of sodium influx ionic currents, antagonists of GABAA receptors bicuculline, D1 dopamine receptors SCH23390, D2 dopamine receptors sulpiride and opioid receptors naloxone, administered intrastructurally into the nucleus accumbens, were used for pharmacological analysis. The majority of the blockers studied decreased or abolished the reinforcing effects of amphetamine. Activation of reinforcement by means of fentanyl was reversed with bicuculline, lidocain and naloxone but did not change with dopamine antagonists (SCH23390 and sulpiride). None of the blockers studied effect on CPP of sodium ethaminal excluding bicuculline which reduced it. At last, the leu-enkephaline effects were reversed with naloxone and SCH23390, but strengthened with bicuculline. Sulpiride and lidocain did not effect on CPP of leu-enkephaline. Therefore, the different mechanisms (GABA-, dopamine- and opioidergic) controlling the positive conditioned reinforcement are collected in the nucleus accumbens.
The principales of phytotherapy on the model analysis purgative using in the main traditional tibetan medicine treatise «Jud-shi»
Authors: Barnaulov Oleg Dmitriyevich
Published: October 2015

One of the rules traditional tibetian medicine: purgative plants are included in polycomponent species not only for removing of obstipations but also without them, for treating patients with cardio-vascular, neurologic, endocrine and a lot of other diseases. It is necessary to assimilate by european medicine perfected meyhods using purgative plants as «evacuators and cleaning drags», detoxic remedies for rising of therapeutic effectiveness.
Doctrine of Ibn Sina about diabetogenesis, tactics of general therapy of the diabetes and antidiabetic preparations
Authors: Sharofova Mizhgona , Nuraliyev Yusuf Nuraliyevich
Published: October 2015

"The Canon of Medicine" has a thousand-year history to this day, remains its relevance. Data submitted by our studies, analyzed, taking into account the achievements of modern phytochemistry, phytopharmacology and medicine. These data are invaluable as a resource base for all groups of professionals in the field of medicine and health care and related industries and individuals, who make decisions on preservation of their own health.
Predictive markers of the efficacy of colon adenocarcinoma treatment by 5-fluoropyrimidines determined by means of immunohistochemistry method
Authors: Raskin Grigoriy Aleksandrovich , Orlova Rashida Vakhidovna , Protasova Anna Eduardovna , Koshkin Sergey Aleksandrovich , Glushakov Ruslan Ivanovich
Published: October 2015

5-fluorouracil (5-FU) has remained the treatment of choice in the adjuvant and palliative setting of colon cancer (CC).The purpose of this study was to evaluate the expression of the thymidine phosphorylase (TP), thymidylate synthase (TS) and dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPYD)in CC patients treated with 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) to determine their predictive and prognostic significance. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) analysis of the expression of proteins was performed on tumour tissue of 104 patients with stage IV colon cancer. All patient was treated withfluoropyrimidine/antifolate-based therapy (FOLFOX, De Gramont, FOLFIRI). Usedmultivariate logistic regression analyses we found the level of expression of proteins thymidine phosphorylase (TP), thymidylate synthase (TS) as predictors efficiency 5 - fluoropyrimidine with adenocarcinoma of the colon. The value of expression of TP and TS has a statistically significant effect (p = 0,006 and p = 0.0036) on time to disease progression, respectively.Our data demonstrated the efficacy of the 5-fluoropyrimidine chemotherapy colon adenocarcinoma may be utilized evaluation of expression of TS and TP.
Rational pharmacotherapy of hyperkinetic disorders
Authors: Glushchenko Vita Valentinovna
Published: October 2015

The data concerning hyperkinetic disorder syndrome are shortly reviewed in the paper. Principal attention is focused on the analysis of effects of metabolic activators (atomoxetine), neuroleptics (thioridazine, chlorprotixene) and different antidepressants (fluoxetine, fluvoxamine, sertraline, tianeptine, pipophesine).
Pharmacokinetic peculiarities of intravenous and oral ciprofloxacin administration in preoperative prophylaxis in patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia
Authors: Sosin Igor Vladimirovich , Rafalskiy Vladimir Vitalevich , Shabanov Petr Dmitriyevich
Published: October 2015

The study of population pharmacokinetics of ciprofloxacin at various ways of administration helps to found that the once usage of 500 mg ciprofloxacin orally 90-120 min before the surgery as preoperative antibiotic prophylaxis with transurethral resection of the prostate gland creates a significantly higher concentration of the drug in blood, urine and prostate parenchyma compared to intravenously administration of 400 mg ciprofloxacin 30-60 min before operation. Thus, the data obtained explain the higher efficacy of oral administration of ciprofloxacin as preoperative antibiotic prophylaxis in patients undergoing transurethral resection of the prostate.
The Impact of Factor VIII/von Willebrand Factor Concentrate in Inhibitor Development and Management of Patients with Hemophilia A with Inhibitors
Authors: Cromwell Caroline , Aledort Louis M , Kurth Margaret Heisel ,   Assistant Professor of Medicine, Mount Sinai School of Medicine,   Chaired Professor of Medicine, Mount Sinai School of Medicine,   Director, Hemophilia Treatment Center, Children’s Hospitals and Clinics of Minnesota
Published: October 2015

The development of inhibitor antibodies that bind to active sites on the factor VIII (FVIII) molecule and neutralize its function and/or accelerate its clearance is the most serious adverse event and safety issue associated with the treatment of hemophilia A. Inhibitor development complicates hemostasis management and increases morbidity and the cost of treatment because bleeding episodes do not respond to standard replacement therapy. Risk factors for inhibitor development include genetic and non-genetic factors. Immunogenicity of the type of product used for replacement therapy may also play a role. Within the category of human-derived products, the presence of von Willebrand factor (vWF) bound to FVIII (vWF/FVIII products) may reduce its immunogenicity. The challenge for inhibitors is to reduce their incidence and, when present, to facilitate their eradication. Factor-bypassing agents have been used to treat acute bleeds in patients who have inhibitors. Immune tolerance induction (ITI) therapy is an alternative approach whose goal is to create tolerance to inhibitors and return patients to their native state. The use of ITI therapy has raised many questions, including the optimal regimen and cost. The basic science data on reduced immunogenicity of vWF/FVIII-containing products and their success in achieving ITI have given us an incentive to continue to explore this approach to both primary and secondary ITI.
Platelet–Leukocyte Interactions in Inflammation and Thrombosis
Authors: Michetti Noemi , Weyrich Andrew S , Zimmerman Guy A ,   Departments of Internal Medicine, Neurobiology/Anatomy, and Pathology, Program in Human Molecular Biology and Genetics, University of Utah School of Medicine,   Departments of Internal Medicine, Neurobiology/Anatomy, and Pathology, Program in Human Molecular Biology and Genetics, University of Utah School of Medicine,   Departments of Internal Medicine, Neurobiology/Anatomy, and Pathology, Program in Human Molecular Biology and Genetics, University of Utah School of Medicine
Published: October 2015

Interactions between human platelets and leukocytes occur in physiological and pathological inflammation, hemostasis, and thrombosis. There is evidence that platelet–leukocyte interactions may be central mechanisms in atherosclerosis and its complications, and also in a variety of other acute and chronic diseases. In addition, models based on interactions of platelets and leukocytes are informative discovery tools that have yielded new insights relevant to human cell functions and cell–cell signaling and information transfer. This short article focuses on interactions between platelets and myeloid leukocytes and profiles some of the key pathways, mechanisms, and outcomes in these cellular dialogues.