bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Critical behavior near the reversible-irreversible transition in periodically driven vortices under random local shear
Authors: Maegochi S. , Ienaga K. , Kaneko S. , Okuma S.
Published: November 2019

When many-particle (vortex) assemblies with disordered distribution are subjected to a periodic shear with a small amplitude $${\boldsymbol{d}}$$
d
, the particles gradually self-organize to avoid next collisions and transform into an organized configuration. We can detect it from the time-dependent voltage $${\boldsymbol{V}}{\boldsymbol{(}}{\boldsymbol{t}}{\boldsymbol{)}}$$
V

(

t

)

(average velocity) that increases towards a steady-state value. For small $${\boldsymbol{d}}$$
d
, the particles settle into a reversible state where all the particles return to their initial position after each shear cycle, while they reach an irreversible state for $${\boldsymbol{d}}$$
d
above a threshold $${{\boldsymbol{d}}}_{{\boldsymbol{c}}}$$

d

c

. Here, we investigate the general phenomenon of a reversible-irreversible transition (RIT) using periodically driven vortices in a strip-shaped amorphous film with random pinning that causes local shear, as a function of $${\boldsymbol{d}}$$
d
. By measuring $${\boldsymbol{V}}{\boldsymbol{(}}{\boldsymbol{t}}{\boldsymbol{)}}$$
V

(

t

)

, we observe a critical behavior of RIT, not only on the irreversible side, but also on the reversible side of the transition, which is the first under random local shear. The relaxation time $${\boldsymbol{\tau }}{\boldsymbol{(}}{\boldsymbol{d}}{\boldsymbol{)}}$$
τ

(

d

)

to reach either the reversible or irreversible state shows a power-law divergence at $${{\boldsymbol{d}}}_{{\boldsymbol{c}}}$$

d

c

. The critical exponent is determined with higher accuracy and is, within errors, in agreement with the value expected for an absorbing phase transition in the two-dimensional directed-percolation universality class. As $${\boldsymbol{d}}$$
d
is decreased down to the intervortex spacing in the reversible regime, $${\boldsymbol{\tau }}{\boldsymbol{(}}{\boldsymbol{d}}{\boldsymbol{)}}$$
τ

(

d

)

deviates downward from the power-law relation, reflecting the suppression of intervortex collisions. We also suggest the possibility of a narrow smectic-flow regime, which is predicted to intervene between fully reversible and irreversible flow.
Unravelling the links between seismo-acoustic signals and eruptive parameters: Etna lava fountain case study
Authors: Sciotto Mariangela , Cannata Andrea , Prestifilippo Michele , Scollo Simona , Fee David , Privitera Eugenio
Published: November 2019

Deriving eruption source parameters from geophysical data is critical for volcano hazard mitigation, yet remains a challenging task in most volcanoes worldwide. In this work, we explored the temporal relationship between geophysical signals and eruptive parameters measured during six explosive episodes from the New South-East Crater of Mt. Etna (Italy). The quadratic reduced seismic velocity and pressure were calculated to track the temporal variation of volcanic elastic radiation, and the lava fountain height was estimated by thermal camera image processing. The temporal relationships between these geophysical and eruptive time series were studied. In particular, the first considered lava fountain exhibited a “clockwise hysteresis” pattern: higher seismic amplitude with respect to the fountain height during the waxing phase as compared to the waning phase. We also calculated the regression parameters for both linear and power laws, linking seismo-acoustic and eruptive time series. For the linear regressions, we found fairly constant values of the scaling factors in five out of six eruptive episodes, which can be considered as a promising step to derive eruption source parameters from geophysical data in real-time. Regarding power law regressions, a clear relationship was observed between the exponents determined for the power law linking quadratic reduced velocity and lava fountain height, and the time interval duration from the previous eruption. These results suggest that the condition of the uppermost part of the plumbing system (e.g. viscosity of residing magma and conduit conditions) play a key role in the seismic energy generation during the eruptions.
Blockade of multiple monoamines receptors reduce insulin secretion from pancreatic β-cells
Authors: Nagata Mao , Yokooji Tomoharu , Nakai Tomoe , Miura Yumika , Tomita Takashi , Taogoshi Takanori , Sugimoto Yumi , Matsuo Hiroaki
Published: November 2019

Clinical use of olanzapine frequently causes severe hyperglycemia as an adverse effect. In this study, we elucidated mechanisms by which olanzapine reduced insulin secretion using the hamster pancreatic β-cell line HIT-T15. Reverse transcriptional-PCR analysis revealed expression of dopamine (D2, D3 and D4), serotonin (5-HT2A, 5-HT2B, 5-HT2C, and 5-HT6), and histamine (H1 and H2) receptors in HIT-T15 cells. Olanzapine decreased insulin secretion from HIT-T15 cells at clinically relevant concentrations (64–160 nM). A dopamine D2 agonist, D3 antagonist, and D4 antagonist suppressed insulin secretion, whereas a D2 antagonist and D3 agonist increased it. A serotonin 5-HT2B agonist slightly increased insulin secretion, while a 5-HT2C antagonist slightly decreased it. Other agonists and antagonists for serotonin receptors did not affect insulin secretion. A histamine H1 agonist increased insulin secretion, whereas an H1 antagonist and H2 agonist suppressed it. Our results suggest that dopamine (D2, D3 and D4), serotonin (5-HT2B and 5-HT2C), and histamine (H1 and H2) receptors, which are expressed on pancreatic β-cells, directly modulate insulin secretion from pancreatic β-cells. Thus, olanzapine may induce hyperglycemia in clinical settings by suppressing insulin secretion from pancreatic β-cells through inhibition of dopamine D3, serotonin 5-HT2B and 5-HT2C, and histamine H1 receptors.
Freshwater mussels house a diverse mussel-associated leech assemblage
Authors: Bolotov Ivan N. , Klass Anna L. , Kondakov Alexander V. , Vikhrev Ilya V. , Bespalaya Yulia V. , Gofarov Mikhail Yu , Filippov Boris Yu , Bogan Arthur E. , Lopes-Lima Manuel , Lunn Zau , Chan Nyein , Aksenova Olga V. , Dvoryankin Gennady A. , Chapurina Yulia E. , Kim Sang Ki , Kolosova Yulia S. , Konopleva Ekaterina S. , Lee Jin Hee , Makhrov Alexander A. , Palatov Dmitry M. , Sayenko Elena M. , Spitsyn Vitaly M. , Sokolova Svetlana E. , Tomilova Alena A. , Win Than , Zubrii Natalia A. , Vinarski Maxim V.
Published: November 2019

Freshwater mussels (Unionida) are one of the most imperiled animal groups worldwide, revealing the fastest rates of extinction. Habitat degradation, river pollution and climate change are the primary causes of global decline. However, biological threats for freshwater mussels are still poorly known. Here, we describe a diverse ecological group of leeches (Hirudinea: Glossiphoniidae) inhabiting the mantle cavity of freshwater mussels. So far, examples of mussel-associated leech species are recorded from East Asia, Southeast Asia, India and Nepal, Africa, and North America. This group comprises a dozen glossiphoniid species with a hidden life style inside the mantle cavity of their hosts largely overlooked by researchers. We show that the association with freshwater mussels evolved independently in three leech clades, i.e. Batracobdelloides, Hemiclepsis, and Placobdella, at least since the Miocene. Seven mussel-associated leech species and two additional free-living taxa are described here as new to science.
Modelling lipid systems in fluid with Lattice Boltzmann Molecular Dynamics simulations and hydrodynamics
Authors: F. Brandner Astrid , Timr Stepan , Melchionna Simone , Derreumaux Philippe , Baaden Marc , Sterpone Fabio
Published: November 2019

In this work we present the coupling between Dry Martini, an efficient implicit solvent coarse-grained model for lipids, and the Lattice Boltzmann Molecular Dynamics (LBMD) simulation technique in order to include naturally hydrodynamic interactions in implicit solvent simulations of lipid systems. After validating the implementation of the model, we explored several systems where the action of a perturbing fluid plays an important role. Namely, we investigated the role of an external shear flow on the dynamics of a vesicle, the dynamics of substrate release under shear, and inquired the dynamics of proteins and substrates confined inside the core of a vesicle. Our methodology enables future exploration of a large variety of biological entities and processes involving lipid systems at the mesoscopic scale where hydrodynamics plays an essential role, e.g. by modulating the migration of proteins in the proximity of membranes, the dynamics of vesicle-based drug delivery systems, or, more generally, the behaviour of proteins in cellular compartments.
Different clinical patterns of IgG4-RD patients with and without eosinophilia
Authors: Zhang Xia , Zhang Panpan , Li Jieqiong , He Yujie , Fei Yunyun , Peng Linyi , Shi Qun , Zhang Wen , Zhao Yan
Published: November 2019

It has been reported that patients with IgG4-related disease (IgG4-RD) showed an elevated incidence of eosinophilia. We aim to explore the clinical patterns of IgG4-RD patients with and without eosinophilia. Four hundred and twenty-five IgG4-RD patients referred to Peking Union Medical College Hospital were enrolled. Blood eosinophil count higher than 0.5 × 109/L was defined as eosinophilia. Clinical features of all the participants were collected and analyzed statistically. Eighty-seven patients (20%) with eosinophilia were found. As compared to those with a normal range of blood eosinophil count, male predominance, longer disease duration, increased prevalence of dacryoadenitis, sialadenitis, lymphadenopathy, and skin rash, higher IgG4-RD responder index, more organ involvement and higher levels of serum IgG4 (17.0 g/L vs 6.5 g/L, P < 0.001) was found in patients with eosinophilia. There was no significant difference in the incidence of allergic disease between the two groups. Peripheral eosinophil counts were positively correlated with disease duration, the number of involved organs, IgG4-RD responder index, and serum IgG4. Higher recurrence rate during follow-up period was found in patients with eosinophilia [28.6% (20/70) vs 17.1% (42/245), P = 0.034]. IgG4-RD patients with eosinophilia exhibited different clinical patterns from patients without. Eosinophilia appeared independent of allergies in IgG4-RD.
Overexpression of native Musa-miR397 enhances plant biomass without compromising abiotic stress tolerance in banana
Authors: Patel Prashanti , Yadav Karuna , Srivastava Ashish Kumar , Suprasanna Penna , Ganapathi Thumballi Ramabhatta
Published: November 2019

Plant micro RNAs (miRNAs) control growth, development and stress tolerance but are comparatively unexplored in banana, whose cultivation is threatened by abiotic stress and nutrient deficiencies. In this study, a native Musa-miR397 precursor harboring 11 copper-responsive GTAC motifs in its promoter element was identified from banana genome. Musa-miR397 was significantly upregulated (8–10) fold in banana roots and leaves under copper deficiency, correlating with expression of root copper deficiency marker genes such as Musa-COPT and Musa-FRO2. Correspondingly, target laccases were significantly downregulated (>−2 fold), indicating miRNA-mediated silencing for Cu salvaging. No significant expression changes in the miR397-laccase module were observed under iron stress. Musa-miR397 was also significantly upregulated (>2 fold) under ABA, MV and heat treatments but downregulated under NaCl stress, indicating universal stress-responsiveness. Further, Musa-miR397 overexpression in banana significantly increased plant growth by 2–3 fold compared with wild-type but did not compromise tolerance towards Cu deficiency and NaCl stress. RNA-seq of transgenic and wild type plants revealed modulation in expression of 71 genes related to diverse aspects of growth and development, collectively promoting enhanced biomass. Summing up, our results not only portray Musa-miR397 as a candidate for enhancing plant biomass but also highlight it at the crossroads of growth-defense trade-offs.
Biogenically induced bedded chert formation in the alkaline palaeo-lake of the Green River Formation
Authors: Kuma Ryusei , Hasegawa Hitoshi , Yamamoto Koshi , Yoshida Hidekazu , Whiteside Jessica H. , Katsuta Nagayoshi , Ikeda Masayuki
Published: November 2019

Rhythmically bedded cherts are observed in both pelagic marine and lacustrine deposits, but the formation mechanism in the latter remains highly uncertain. Our study of alternating chert–dolomite beds in the Eocene Green River Formation, Utah, USA reveals dense accumulations of organic-matter spheres (30–50 μm diameter) of probable algal cyst origin in the chert layers, and centennial- to millennial-scale periodicities in chert layer deposition. A positive correlation between the degree of degradation of the organic spheres and Si distribution implies decomposition of algal organic matter lead to precipitation of lacustrine chert. As both alkalinity and dissolved silica were likely high in the palaeo-lake waters of the Green River Formation, we hypothesize that decomposition of algal organic matter lowered the pH of sediment pore waters and caused silica precipitation. We propose a formation model in which the initial abundance of algal organic matter in sediment varies with productivity at the lake surface, and the decomposition of this algal matter controls the extent of silica precipitation in sediment. The formation of rhythmically bedded chert–dolomite may be linked to centennial- to millennial-scale climatic/environmental factors that modulate algal productivity, which are possibly tied to solar activity cycles known to have similar periodicities.
Identification of key regulators in prostate cancer from gene expression datasets of patients
Authors: Mangangcha Irengbam Rocky , Malik Md. Zubbair , Küçük Ömer , Ali Shakir , Singh R. K. Brojen
Published: November 2019

Identification of key regulators and regulatory pathways is an important step in the discovery of genes involved in cancer. Here, we propose a method to identify key regulators in prostate cancer (PCa) from a network constructed from gene expression datasets of PCa patients. Overexpressed genes were identified using BioXpress, having a mutational status according to COSMIC, followed by the construction of PCa Interactome network using the curated genes. The topological parameters of the network exhibited power law nature indicating hierarchical scale-free properties and five levels of organization. Highest degree hubs (k ≥ 65) were selected from the PCa network, traced, and 19 of them was identified as novel key regulators, as they participated at all network levels serving as backbone. Of the 19 hubs, some have been reported in literature to be associated with PCa and other cancers. Based on participation coefficient values most of these are connector or kinless hubs suggesting significant roles in modular linkage. The observation of non-monotonicity in the rich club formation suggested the importance of intermediate hubs in network integration, and they may play crucial roles in network stabilization. The network was self-organized as evident from fractal nature in topological parameters of it and lacked a central control mechanism.
Growth disorders in children and adolescents affected by syndromes or diseases associated with neurodysfunction
Authors: Perenc Lidia , Guzik Agnieszka , Podgórska-Bednarz Justyna , Drużbicki Mariusz
Published: November 2019

We have observed that one in three patients admitted to the Neurological Rehabilitation Ward for Children and Adolescents due to a syndrome or disease associated with neurodysfunction is short of stature for their age. In order to identify the relationship between growth defects (short stature) and syndromes or diseases associated with neurodysfunction, we analyzed data collected during admission to the Neurological Rehabilitation Ward for Children and Adolescents. The study applied a retrospective analysis of data collected during hospitalization of 327 children and adolescents, aged 4–18 years, affected by congenital disorders of the nervous system and/or neurological syndromes associated with a minimum of one neurodysfunction. Two assessment systems were taken into account – one system traditionally applied, and another one in accordance with indications approved by the Food and Drug Administration, related to diagnosing short stature. The findings show more frequent co-occurrence of, as well as statistically significant correlations between, short stature in certain groups: operated myelomeningocele with hydrocephalus in the subgroup of neural tube defects (p = 0.029), tetraplegia in the subgroup of spastic cerebral palsy (p < 0.001), and hypothyroidism (p = 0.04) in the entire study group.
Efficient Laser-Driven Proton Acceleration from a Cryogenic Solid Hydrogen Target
Authors: Polz J. , Robinson A. P. L. , Kalinin A. , Becker G. A. , Fraga R. A. Costa , Hellwing M. , Hornung M. , Keppler S. , Kessler A. , Klöpfel D. , Liebetrau H. , Schorcht F. , Hein J. , Zepf M. , Grisenti R. E. , Kaluza M. C.
Published: November 2019

We report on the successful implementation and characterization of a cryogenic solid hydrogen target in experiments on high-power laser-driven proton acceleration. When irradiating a solid hydrogen filament of 10 μm diameter with 10-Terawatt laser pulses of 2.5 J energy, protons with kinetic energies in excess of 20 MeV exhibiting non-thermal features in their spectrum were observed. The protons were emitted into a large solid angle reaching a total conversion efficiency of several percent. Two-dimensional particle-in-cell simulations confirm our results indicating that the spectral modulations are caused by collisionless shocks launched from the surface of the the high-density filament into a low-density corona surrounding the target. The use of solid hydrogen targets may significantly improve the prospects of laser-accelerated proton pulses for future applications.
Copper sulphate impact on the antioxidant defence system of the marine bivalves Cerastoderma edule and Scrobicularia plana
Authors: Mesquita Andreia F. , Marques Sérgio M. , Marques João C. , Gonçalves Fernando J. M. , Gonçalves Ana M. M.
Published: November 2019

Anthropogenic activities, such as agriculture and industrial activities, are a main source of pollution contributing for the degradation of water quality and thus affecting the living organisms of aquatic systems. Copper is widely used at these practices being often released into the aquatic systems and may cause negative effects in its communities. This study proposes to determine the effects of copper in the antioxidant defence system of two size classes (big and small sizes) of Scrobicularia plana and Cerastoderma edule, two marine bivalve species with commercial interest. It was observed the behaviour activity of the organisms during the exposure to copper sulphate (CS) and was determined the enzymatic activities of glutathione-S-transferases (GST), glutathione reductase (GR) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) (both selenium-dependent (SeGPx) and total (tGPx)) in the muscle tissue (foot). Lipid peroxidation (LPO) was evaluated through thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) measurement in the foot. Changes in the behaviour and enzymatic activity were observed. Lipid peroxidation was observed at C. edule and S. plana big and small size classes, respectively, according to TBARS levels. The foot showed to be a good tissue to be used in biochemical analysis to detect the presence of toxicants.
Distinct cell proliferation, myogenic differentiation, and gene expression in skeletal muscle myoblasts of layer and broiler chickens
Authors: Nihashi Yuma , Umezawa Koji , Shinji Sayaka , Hamaguchi Yu , Kobayashi Hisato , Kono Tomohiro , Ono Tamao , Kagami Hiroshi , Takaya Tomohide
Published: November 2019

Myoblasts play a central role during skeletal muscle formation and growth. Precise understanding of myoblast properties is thus indispensable for meat production. Herein, we report the cellular characteristics and gene expression profiles of primary-cultured myoblasts of layer and broiler chickens. Broiler myoblasts actively proliferated and promptly differentiated into myotubes compared to layer myoblasts, which corresponds well with the muscle phenotype of broilers. Transcriptomes of layer and broiler myoblasts during differentiation were quantified by RNA sequencing. Ontology analyses of the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) provided a series of extracellular proteins as putative markers for characterization of chicken myogenic cells. Another ontology analyses demonstrated that broiler myogenic cells are rich in cell cycle factors and muscle components. Independent of these semantic studies, principal component analysis (PCA) statistically defined two gene sets: one governing myogenic differentiation and the other segregating layers and broilers. Thirteen candidate genes were identified with a combined study of the DEGs and PCA that potentially contribute to proliferation or differentiation of chicken myoblasts. We experimentally proved that one of the candidates, enkephalin, an opioid peptide, suppresses myoblast growth. Our results present a new perspective that the opioids present in feeds may influence muscle development of domestic animals.
Prospective observational study of the effectiveness of prewarming on perioperative hypothermia in surgical patients submitted to spinal anesthesia
Authors: Becerra Ángel , Valencia Lucía , Ferrando Carlos , Villar Jesús , Rodríguez-Pérez Aurelio
Published: November 2019

Prewarming has been shown to prevent intraoperative inadvertent hypothermia. Nevertheless, data about optimal prewarming-time from published clinical trials report contradictory results. We conducted this pilot study to evaluate routine clinical practice regarding prewarming and its effect on the prevalence of perioperative hypothermia in patients undergoing transurethral resection (TUR) under spinal anesthesia. This was a prospective, observational, pilot study to examine clinical practice in a tertiary hospital regarding prewarming in 140 consecutive patients. When prewarming (pw) was performed, forced-air warming was provided in the pre-anesthesia room for 15 (pw15), 30 (pw30), or 45 (pw45) min. Tympanic temperature was recorded upon entering the pre-anesthesia room, at the time of initiating surgery, and every 15 min intra-operatively. We also recorded duration of the surgical procedure and length of stay in the Post-Anesthesia Care Unit (PACU). Pw15 was performed in 34 patients, pw30 in 29 patients, and pw45 in 21 patients. Fifty-six patients did not receive pw and 96% of them developed hypothermia at the end of the surgical procedure, compared to 73% of patients in pw15 (p = 0.002), 75% in pw30 (p = 0.006) and 90% in pw45 (p = 0.3). Length of stay in the PACU was markedly shorter in pw15 (131 ± 69 min) and pw30 (123 ± 60 min) than in the non-pw group (197 ± 105 min) (p = 0.015 and p = 0.011, respectively). This difference was not significant in pw45 (129 ± 56 min) compared to non-pw patients. In conclusion, prewarming for 15 or 30 min before TUR under spinal anesthesia prevents development of hypothermia at the end of the surgical procedure.
Heating of Ti3C2Tx MXene/polymer composites in response to Radio Frequency fields
Authors: Habib Touseef , Patil Nutan , Zhao Xiaofei , Prehn Evan , Anas Muhammad , Lutkenhaus Jodie L. , Radovic Miladin , Green Micah J.
Published: November 2019

Here we report for the first time that Ti3C2Tx/polymer composite films rapidly heat when exposed to low-power radio frequency fields. Ti3C2TxMXenes possess a high dielectric loss tangent, which is correlated with this rapid heating under electromagnetic fields. Thermal imaging confirms that these structures are capable of extraordinary heating rates (as high as 303 K/s) that are frequency- and concentration-dependent. At high loading (and high conductivity), Ti3C2TxMXene composites do not heat under RF fields due to reflection of electromagnetic waves, whereas composites with low conductivity do not heat due to the lack of an electrical percolating network. Composites with an intermediate loading and a conductivity between 10–1000 S m−1rapidly generate heat under RF fields. This finding unlocks a new property of Ti3C2TxMXenes and a new material for potential RF-based applications.
Magneto-transport properties of a single molecular transistor in the presence of electron-electron and electron-phonon interactions and quantum dissipation
Authors: Kalla Manasa , Chebrolu Narasimha Raju , Chatterjee Ashok
Published: November 2019

A single molecular transistor is considered in the presence of electron-electron interaction, electron-phonon interaction, an external magnetic field and dissipation. The quantum transport properties of the system are investigated using the Anderson-Holstein Hamiltonian together with the Caldeira-Leggett model that takes care of the damping effect. The phonons are first removed from the theory by averaging the Hamiltonian with respect to a coherent phonon state and the resultant electronic Hamiltonian is finally solved with the help of the Green function technique due to Keldysh. The spectral function, spin-polarized current densities, differential conductance and spin polarization current are determined.
Extracellular Vesicle-derived circular RNAs confers chemoresistance in Colorectal cancer
Authors: Hon Kha Wai , Ab-Mutalib Nurul Syakima , Abdullah Nik Muhd Aslan , Jamal Rahman , Abu Nadiah
Published: November 2019

Chemo-resistance is associated with poor prognosis in colorectal cancer (CRC), with the absence of early biomarker. Exosomes are microvesicles released by body cells for intercellular communication. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are non-coding RNAs with covalently closed loops and enriched in exosomes. Crosstalk between circRNAs in exosomes and chemo-resistance in CRC remains unknown. This research aims to identify exosomal circRNAs associated with FOLFOX-resistance in CRC. FOLFOX-resistant HCT116 CRC cells (HCT116-R) were generated from parental HCT116 cells (HCT116-P) using periodic drug induction. Exosomes were characterized using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Zetasizer and Western blot. Our exosomes were translucent cup-shaped structures under TEM with differential expression of TSG101, CD9, and CD63. We performed circRNAs microarray using exosomal RNAs from HCT116-R and HCT116-P cells. We validated our microarray data using serum samples. We performed drug sensitivity assay and cell cycle analysis to characterize selected circRNA after siRNA-knockdown. Using fold change >2 and p < 0.05, we identified 105 significantly upregulated and 34 downregulated circRNAs in HCT116-R exosomes. Knockdown of circ_0000338 improved the chemo-resistance of CRC cells. We have proposed that circ_0000338 may have dual regulatory roles in chemo-resistant CRC. Exosomal circ_0000338 could be a potential biomarker for further validation in CRC.
The application of surface enhanced Raman scattering to the detection of asphaltic petroleum in sediment extracts: deconvolving three component-mixtures using look-up tables of entire surface enhanced Raman spectra
Authors: Bowden Stephen A. , Taylor Colin W.
Published: November 2019

The detection of asphaltic petroleum by surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) is uncomplicated, except in instances where the petroleum has been mixed with other components that also exhibit a strong Raman effect.
Reactivity of a biomimetic W(iv) bis-dithiolene complex with CO2leading to formate production and structural rearrangement
Authors: Seo Junhyeok , Shearer Jason , Williard Paul G. , Kim Eunsuk
Published: November 2019

A mononuclear W(iv) bis-dithiolene complex reduces CO2to formate while generating a dinuclear W(v) complex.
Crystal structures and phase transition behaviour in the 5d transition metal oxides AReO4 (A = Ag, Na, K, Rb, Cs and Tl)
Authors: Chay Clarissa , Avdeev Maxim , Brand Helen E. A. , Injac Sean , Whittle Thomas A. , Kennedy Brendan J.
Published: November 2019

The structures of the six perrhenates (AReO4 A = Ag, Na, K, Rb, Cs and Tl) at RT and the phase transitions associated with change in the orientation of the ReO4− tetrahedra seen for A = Rb, Cs and Tl are described.
Health benefits of 4,4-dimethyl phytosterols: an exploration beyond 4-desmethyl phytosterols
Authors: Zhang Tao , Liu Ruijie , Chang Ming , Jin Qingzhe , Zhang Hui , Wang Xingguo
Published: November 2019

4,4-Dimethyl phytosterols possess two methyl groups at the carbon-4 atom of the aliphatic A-ring.
Correction: Desymmetrization of disubstituted aromatic crown ethers via intramolecular Cannizzaro reactions
Authors: Rouser Mason A. , Gibson Harry W.
Published: November 2019

Correction for ‘Desymmetrization of disubstituted aromatic crown ethers via intramolecular Cannizzaro reactions’ by Mason A. Rouser et al., New J. Chem., 2019, 43, 16801–16805.
CsPbBr3–Cs4PbBr6 composite nanocrystals for highly efficient pure green light emission
Authors: He Miao , Wang Chunyun , Li Jingzhou , Wu Jiang , Zhang Siwei , Kuo Hao-Chung , Shao Liyang , Zhao Shichao , Zhang Jinzhong , Kang Feiyu , Wei Guodan
Published: November 2019

All-inorganic perovskite CsPbBr3–Cs4PbBr6 composite nanocrystals (NCs) were synthesized via a convenient solution process without inert gas protection and systematically studied as green phosphors for light emitting diode (LED) applications.
Regioselective deoxygenative chalcogenation of 7-azindole N-oxides promoted by I2/PEG-200
Authors: Liu Shanshan , Yang Heng , Jiao Lin-Yu , Zhang Jian-Hua , Zhao Chen , Ma Yangmin , Yang Xiufang
Published: November 2019

We developed a general and sustainable approach for the regioselective deoxygenative chalcogenation of 7-azindole N-oxides; the combination of internal oxidant and green solvent has been used for the synthesis of mono- and dichalcogenyl azaindoles.
Heteronetwork organohydrogels with exceptional swelling-resistance and adaptive antifouling performance
Authors: Gao Hainan , Cai Yudong , Li Shuhong , Zhang Xiqi , Zhao Tianyi , Liu Mingjie , Jiang Lei
Published: November 2019

Multi-network organohydrogels with optional dispersion media and adaptive wettability have been developed, revealing adaptive antifouling properties and oil swelling-resistant elastomers.
Knockdown of USP14 inhibits PDGF-BB-induced vascular smooth muscle cell dedifferentiationviainhibiting mTOR/P70S6K signaling pathway
Authors: Liu Hongbin , Li Xiaoliang , Yan Guobei , Lun Ruihua
Published: November 2019

Atherosclerosis is a chronic progressive cardiovascular disease, which may result in many clinical consequences.
Tin–carbon nanomaterial formation in a helium atmosphere during arc-discharge
Authors: Zaikovskii Alexey , Novopashin Sergey , Maltsev Vasiliy , Kardash Tatyana , Shundrina Inna
Published: November 2019

Elongated carbon shells partially filled with tin, spherical carbon shells partially filled with tin, and chains of spherical tin particles coated with a carbon layer are formed at different distance from the arc discharge.
An amphiphilic-ligand-modified gold nanoflower probe for enhancing the stability of lateral flow immunoassays in dried distillers grains
Authors: Ma Tongtong , Duan Hong , Zhang Wenjing , Shao Yanna , Hao Liangwen , Chen Xirui , Leng Yuankui , Huang Xiaolin , Xiong Yonghua
Published: November 2019

An amphiphilic ligand-capped gold nanoflower (AuNF) was proposed as a novel lateral flow immunoassay (LFA) reporter for zearalenone (ZEN) detection in distillers dried grains solubles (DDGS).
Experimental and theoretical insights into the corrosion inhibition activity of novel Schiff bases for aluminum alloy in acidic medium
Authors: Nazir Uzma , Akhter Zareen , Ali Naveed Zafar , Shah Faiz Ullah
Published: November 2019

Novel Schiff bases characterized through spectroscopic techniques and used as anticorrosive agents for aluminium alloy acidic medium. Electrochemical techniques and DFT studies were used to study inhibition effect and molecular interactions.
Controllable double CF2-insertion into sp2 C–Cu bond using TMSCF3: a facile access to tetrafluoroethylene-bridged structures
Authors: Xie Qiqiang , Zhu Ziyue , Li Lingchun , Ni Chuanfa , Hu Jinbo
Published: November 2019

Copper-mediated controllable double CF2 insertion into sp2 C–Cu bond and subsequent cross-coupling reaction open the door to the synthesis of an array of valuable tetrafluoroethylene-bridged molecules.
Single-cell identification by microfluidic-based in situ extracting and online mass spectrometric analysis of phospholipids expression
Authors: Huang Qiushi , Mao Sifeng , Khan Mashooq , Li Weiwei , Zhang Qiang , Lin Jin-Ming
Published: November 2019

A microfluidic-based in situ single-cell recognition system (ISCRS) to analyze phosphatidylcholines for the cells classification.
Effective utilisation of waste cooking oil in a single-cylinder diesel engine using alumina nanoparticles
Authors: Roy Sumit , Parsi Pranay Kumar , Kotha R. Sreeram , Barman Sanmitra , Vinayak Kalluri , Roy Mili Mitra , Banerjee Rahul
Published: November 2019

First-of-a-kind endeavour exploiting the effects of nanoparticles on the performance and emission spectra of biodiesel derived from waste cooking oil.
PDMS polymerized high internal phase emulsions (polyHIPEs) with closed-cell, aqueous-filled microcavities
Authors: Kataruka Amrita , Hutchens Shelby B.
Published: November 2019

Elastomeric polyHIPE with aqueous encapsulations.
Diffusion of multiple electrolytes cannot be treated independently: model predictions with experimental validation
Authors: Gupta Ankur , Shim Suin , Issah Luqman , McKenzie Cameron , Stone Howard A.
Published: November 2019

We demonstrate that to predict the diffusion of multiple electrolytes treating each electrolyte as an individual electroneutral species leads to an inaccurate prediction of ion fluxes, especially for large concentration and diffusivity ratios.
Single crystal polyoxoniobate derived NbO/Cu nanocrystalline@N-doped carbon loaded onto reduced graphene oxide enabling high rate and high capacity Li/Na storage
Authors: Huang Peng , Huang Min , Hu Hai , Zhong Yuan , Lai Chao , Chou Shulei
Published: November 2019

The first synthesis of a nanosized NbO/Cu hybrid composite coated by N-doped carbon and anchored onto reduced graphene oxide is reported for high performance Li/Na storage.
MXene supported CoxAy (A = OH, P, Se) electrocatalysts for overall water splitting: unveiling the role of anions in intrinsic activity and stability
Authors: Selvam N. Clament Sagaya , Lee Jooyoung , Choi Gwan H. , Oh Min Jun , Xu Shiyu , Lim Byungkwon , Yoo Pil J.
Published: November 2019

MXene-supported CoP and Co7Se8 catalysts showed enhanced water-splitting activity. The oxidation process of the anion components (P and Se) of the hybrid catalysts, under OER conditions, significantly influenced the activity and stability.
Local optical activity of nano- to microscale materials and plasmons
Authors: Okamoto Hiromi
Published: November 2019

Nanoscale local optical activity characterization provides essential information on enhanced chiral optical interactions between molecules and metal nanostructures.
Advances in lead-free pyroelectric materials: a comprehensive review
Authors: He Hongying , Lu Xin , Hanc Emil , Chen Chao , Zhang Hao , Lu Li
Published: November 2019

Pyroelectric materials are important functional materials that can generate an electrical response upon a temperature change. In recent years, significant advances have been achieved in different types of lead-free pyroelectrics and are rising to potential energy-related applications.
Sevoflurane modulates AQPs (1,5) expression and endoplasmic reticulum stress in mice lung with allergic airway inflammation
Authors: Lv Chang-Ming , Wu Hui-Mei , Wu Ling , Xu Guang-Hong , Yang Zhi-Lai , Shen Qi-Ying
Published: November 2019

Sevoflurane was found to show protective roles in mice with asthma, however, the mechanism of which needs further exploring. Aquaporins (AQPs) have been demonstrated to be involved in the pathogenesis of asthma, while endoplasmic reticulum stress has been reported to be related to many inflammatory diseases and involved in protein processing, including AQPs. The present study aimed to determine the role of sevoflurane in AQPs (AQP1,3,4,5) expression in mice with allergic airway inflammation and the probable mechanism. The increased number of inflammatory cells infiltrating the lung tissue, and the elevated levels of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin (IL) 13 (IL-13) were all decreased after sevoflurane treatment (all P<0.05). Meanwhile, mRNA levels of AQP1 and AQP5 but not AQP3 and AQP4 were decreased in ovalbumin (OVA)-induced allergic mice lung. Both the decreased mRNA expression and protein levels of AQP1 and AQP5 in allergic lung tissues were reversed by sevoflurane treatment. Furthermore, we established that sevoflurane inhibited the OVA-induced protein increase in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress markers BiP and C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP). Collectively, these findings suggested that sevoflurane modulated the expression and protein level of AOPs (AQP1, AQP5) as well as inhibited ER stress response in OVA-induced allergic airway inflammation of mice.
The Production of Gesture and Speech by People With Aphasia: Influence of Communicative Constraints
Authors: de Beer Carola , de Ruiter Jan P. , Hielscher-Fastabend Martina , Hogrefe Katharina
Published: November 2019

Purpose

People with aphasia (PWA) use different kinds of gesture spontaneously when they communicate. Although there is evidence that the nature of the communicative task influences the linguistic performance of PWA, so far little is known about the influence of the communicative task on the production of gestures by PWA. We aimed to investigate the influence of varying communicative constraints on the production of gesture and spoken expression by PWA in comparison to persons without language impairment.

Method

Twenty-six PWA with varying aphasia severities and 26 control participants (CP) without language impairment participated in the study. Spoken expression and gesture production were investigated in 2 different tasks: (a) spontaneous conversation about topics of daily living and (b) a cartoon narration task, that is, retellings of short cartoon clips. The frequencies of words and gestures as well as of different gesture types produced by the participants were analyzed and tested for potential effects of group and task.

Results

Main results for task effects revealed that PWA and CP used more iconic gestures and pantomimes in the cartoon narration task than in spontaneous conversation. Metaphoric gestures, deictic gestures, number gestures, and emblems were more frequently used in spontaneous conversation than in cartoon narrations by both participant groups. Group effects show that, in both tasks, PWA's gesture-to-word ratios were higher than those for the CP. Furthermore, PWA produced more interactive gestures than the CP in both tasks, as well as more number gestures and pantomimes in spontaneous conversation.

Conclusions

The current results suggest that PWA use gestures to compensate for their verbal limitations under varying communicative constraints. The properties of the communicative task influence the use of different gesture types in people with and without aphasia. Thus, the influence of communicative constraints needs to be considered when assessing PWA's multimodal communicative abilities.
The XXL Survey
Authors: Eyles R. A. J. , Birkinshaw M. , Smolčić V. , Horellou C. , Huynh M. , Butler A. , Delhaize J. , Vignali C. , Pierre M.
Published: November 2019

Aims. We investigate the properties of the polarised radio population in the central 6.5 deg2 of the XXL-South field observed at 2.1 GHz using the Australia Telescope Compact Array (ATCA) in 81 pointings with a synthesised beam of FWHM 5.2″. We also investigate the ATCA’s susceptibility to polarisation leakage.

Methods. We performed a survey of a 5.6 deg2 subregion and calculated the number density of polarised sources. We derived the total and polarised spectral indices, in addition to comparing our source positions with those of X-ray-detected clusters. We measured the polarisation of sources in multiple pointings to examine leakage in the ATCA.

Results. We find 39 polarised sources, involving 50 polarised source components, above a polarised flux density limit of 0.2 mJy at 1.332 GHz. The number density of polarised source components is comparable with recent surveys, although there is an indication of an excess at ∼1 mJy. We find that those sources coincident with X-ray clusters are consistent in their properties with regard to the general population. In terms of the ATCA leakage response, we find that ATCA mosaics with beam separation of ≲2/3 of the primary beam FWHM have off-axis linear polarisation leakage ≲1.4% at 1.332 GHz.
Synthesising the intrinsic FRB population using frbpoppy
Authors: Gardenier D. W. , van Leeuwen J. , Connor L. , Petroff E.
Published: November 2019

Context. Fast radio bursts (FRBs) are radio transients of an unknown origin whose nature we wish to determine. The number of detected FRBs is large enough for a statistical approach to parts of this challenge to be feasible.

Aims. Our goal is to determine the current best-fit FRB population model. Our secondary aim is to provide an easy-to-use tool for simulating and understanding FRB detections. This tool can compare surveys, or provide information about the intrinsic FRB population.

Methods. To understand the crucial link between detected FRBs and the underlying FRB source classes, we performed an FRB population synthesis to determine how the underlying population behaves. The Python package we developed for this synthesis, frbpoppy, is open source and freely available. frbpoppy simulates intrinsic FRB populations and the surveys that find them with the aim to produce virtual observed populations. These populations can then be compared with real data, which allows constraints to be placed on the underlying physics and selection effects.

Results. We are able to replicate real Parkes and ASKAP FRB surveys in terms of detection rates and observed distributions. We also show the effect of beam patterns on the observed dispersion measure distributions. We compare four types of source models. The “complex” model, featuring a range of luminosities, pulse widths, and spectral indices, reproduces current detections best.

Conclusions. Using frbpoppy, an open-source FRB population synthesis package, we explain current FRB detections and offer a first glimpse of what the true population must be.
Simultaneous longitudinal and transverse oscillations in filament threads after a failed eruption
Authors: Mazumder Rakesh , Pant Vaibhav , Luna Manuel , Banerjee Dipankar
Published: November 2019

Context. Longitudinal and transverse oscillations are frequently observed in the solar prominences and/or filaments. These oscillations are excited by a large-scale shock wave, impulsive flares at one leg of the filament threads, or due to any low coronal eruptions. We report simultaneous longitudinal and transverse oscillations in the filament threads of a quiescent region filament. We observe a large filament in the northwest of the solar disk on July 6, 2017. On July 7, 2017, it starts rising around 13:00 UT. We then observe a failed eruption and subsequently the filament threads start to oscillate around 16:00 UT.

Aims. We analyse oscillations in the threads of a filament and utilize seismology techniques to estimate magnetic field strength and length of filament threads.

Methods. We placed horizontal and vertical artificial slits on the filament threads to capture the longitudinal and transverse oscillations of the threads. Data from Atmospheric Imaging Assembly onboard Solar Dynamics Observatory were used to detect the oscillations.

Results. We find signatures of large-amplitude longitudinal oscillations (LALOs). We also detect damping in LALOs. In one thread of the filament, we observe large-amplitude transverse oscillations (LATOs). Using the pendulum model, we estimate the lower limit of magnetic field strength and radius of curvature from the observed parameter of LALOs.

Conclusions. We show the co-existence of two different wave modes in the same filament threads. We estimate magnetic field from LALOs and suggest a possible range of the length of the filament threads using LATOs.
The transitional gap transient AT 2018hso: new insights into the luminous red nova phenomenon
Authors: Cai Y.-Z. , Pastorello A. , Fraser M. , Prentice S. J. , Reynolds T. M. , Cappellaro E. , Benetti S. , Morales-Garoffolo A. , Reguitti A. , Elias-Rosa N. , Brennan S. , Callis E. , Cannizzaro G. , Fiore A. , Gromadzki M. , Galindo-Guil F. J. , Gall C. , Heikkilä T. , Mason E. , Moran S. , Onori F. , Sagués Carracedo A. , Valerin G.
Published: November 2019

Context. The absolute magnitudes of luminous red novae (LRNe) are intermediate between those of novae and supernovae (SNe), and show a relatively homogeneous spectro-photometric evolution. Although they were thought to derive from core instabilities in single stars, there is growing support for the idea that they are triggered by binary interaction that possibly ends with the merging of the two stars.

Aims. AT 2018hso is a new transient showing transitional properties between those of LRNe and the class of intermediate-luminosity red transients (ILRTs) similar to SN 2008S. Through the detailed analysis of the observed parameters, our study supports that it actually belongs to the LRN class and was likely produced by the coalescence of two massive stars.

Methods. We obtained ten months of optical and near-infrared photometric monitoring, and 11 epochs of low-resolution optical spectroscopy of AT 2018hso. We compared its observed properties with those of other ILRTs and LRNe. We also inspected the archival Hubble Space Telescope (HST) images obtained about 15 years ago to constrain the progenitor properties.

Results. The light curves of AT 2018hso show a first sharp peak (reddening-corrected Mr = −13.93 mag), followed by a broader and shallower second peak that resembles a plateau in the optical bands. The spectra dramatically change with time. Early-time spectra show prominent Balmer emission lines and a weak [Ca II] doublet, which is usually observed in ILRTs. However, the strong decrease in the continuum temperature, the appearance of narrow metal absorption lines, the great change in the Hα strength and profile, and the emergence of molecular bands support an LRN classification. The possible detection of a MI ∼ −8 mag source at the position of AT 2018hso in HST archive images is consistent with expectations for a pre-merger massive binary, similar to the precursor of the 2015 LRN in M101.

Conclusions. We provide reasonable arguments to support an LRN classification for AT 2018hso. This study reveals growing heterogeneity in the observables of LRNe than has been thought previously, which is a challenge for distinguishing between LRNe and ILRTs. This suggests that the entire evolution of gap transients needs to be monitored to avoid misclassifications.