bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
VP35 Effectiveness and Safety of Cyanoacrylate Ablation for Varicose Veins
Authors: García-Carpintero Esther , Carmona Montserrat , Pablo Juan , Orrego Chalco , González-Enríquez Jesús , Imaz-Iglesia Iñaki
Published: December 2019

Introduction

Treatment of varicose veins is currently performed by different interventionist alternatives that include surgical, endothermal and non-thermal ablation therapies. The main guidelines recommended endovenous thermal treatment as the first choice therapy; however present side effects related to thermal energy. Non-tumescent endovenous ablation techniques such as cyanoacrylate ablation (CA) started to develop to avoid these problems. The objective of this study is to assess the effectiveness and safety of CA for saphenous vein incompetence.

Methods

A systematic review with meta-analysis was carried out. The search of scientific literature was performed in Medline, Embase, Cochrane library, CDR, WoS and Scopus databases. GRADE methodology was used to assess the quality of the evidence and Cochrane risk of bias tool to assess methodological quality of randomized control trials (RCT). Pooled risk ratio was calculated using a random effects model.

Results

Two RCTs and one non-RCT comprising 1,077 participants were included. Additionally, 10 case series were included for safety assessment. Pooled analysis of closure rates by the two RCTs indicated there were not significant differences between CA and radiofrequency ablation (RFA) or endovenous laser ablation (EVLA). Improvements in venous clinical severity score were reported by all comparative studies without significant differences among groups. The most frequently reported adverse events were ecchymosis, phlebitis, paraesthesia, and thrombosis. The pooled analysis showed significant differences only in ecchymosis rates, with lower probability of ecchymosis in CA groups. CA treatment showed lower pain rates and shorter intervention times and recovery compared to endothermal therapies.

Conclusions

The effectiveness of CA devices in the treatment of varicose veins is comparable to EVLA and RFA, while the rates of adverse effects are lower. Despite the limitations of the evidence, CA may be a promising alternative to existing treatments, with the advantages of better patient comfort.
VP40 Increasing Divergence Of IQWiG & G-BA Benefit Assessments Over Time?
Authors: Macaulay Richard , Mohamoud Zainab
Published: December 2019

Introduction

Since 2011, new pharmacological therapies in Germany are subject to an early benefit assessment (EBA) upon launch. The Institute for Quality and Efficiency in Health Care (IQWiG) usually conducts an initial assessment, followed by the Federal Joint Committee (G-BA) issuing a final resolution. If the G-BA deem a new therapy offers no additional benefit over relevant comparators, it cannot attain premium-pricing through price negotiations. This research compares G-BA and IQWiG assessment outcomes over time.

Methods

All EBA resolutions were extracted from the G-BA website alongside corresponding IQWiG assessments (01/01/2011-19/09/2018) and key information compared. For extracted outcome data, the focus was the subgroup of greatest additional benefit.

Results

Of 261 identified EBAs with both G-BA and IQWiG assessment outcomes published, 59% (155/261) did not differ in their additional benefit. The G-BA concluded on an additional benefit where IQWiG deemed none in 13% (34/261) of cases, which was consistent pre-2015: 13% (11/87) and 2015-onwards: 13% (23/174). Conversely, IQWiG deemed an additional benefit where the G-BA concluded on none in 3% (8/261) of cases, none of which were pre-2015 (0/87) vs. 5% (8/261) for 2015-onwards. G-BA and IQWiG both agreed that additional benefit was offered but differed in its extent in 14% (37/261; in 23 cases: G-BA's rating was lower, 14 cases: G-BA's was higher) with 19% (17/87) pre-2015 vs. 8% (14/174) 2015-onwards.

Conclusions

The G-BA has deviated from IQWiG's initial assessment in around one-third of resolutions, with potential significant rebate negotiation consequences. The divergence in extent of additional benefit (where both agree on additional benefit) appears to be becoming less common over time. However, a slight converse time-trend appears regarding divergence on whether any additional benefit is offered, driven by increased incidence of G-BA deeming no additional benefit contrary to IQWiG. This emphasizes that companies should fully engage with the EBA consultation process post-IQWiG appraisal.
VP53 Long-Acting Insulin Analogues In Brazil: Clinical And Economic Impact
Authors: Marra Lays Pires , da Silva Pereira Daniel , de Oliveira Gustavo Laine Araújo
Published: December 2019

Introduction

The aim was to evaluate the effectiveness, safety and economic impact of long-acting insulin analogues (LAIA) compared to NPH for type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM1).

Methods

A search was performed in five electronic databases to find systematic reviews (SR) comparing at least a LAIA to NPH insulin for DM1. Budget impact analysis was performed from the perspective of Brazilian public health system (SUS), with NPH insulin as the base scenario. The costs were extracted from the Integrated System of Administration of General Services (SIASG). The market share was calculated per month, using a logarithmic function with maximum diffusion of 50% at the end of the time horizon - five years.

Results

A total of 160 studies were identified and seven SR of low to uncertain risk of bias were selected. LAIA have shown modest clinical benefit and its effect is more prominent for the control of severe and nocturnal hypoglycaemia. Insulins glargine and detemir compared to NPH were associated with reduction in HbA1c levels between 0.16% and 0.40% and associated with lower risk of episodes of severe hypoglycemia. Insulin degludec compared to NPH showed no statistically significant difference in the reduction of HbA1c levels and in the episodes of severe hypoglycemia. The budget impact ranges from USD 210 million (detemir) to USD 670 million (degludec) over five years.

Conclusions

The use of LAIA as a basal insulin regimen for DM1 may benefit more patients with recurrent episodes of hypoglycemia. However, the fragility of the outcomes considered to evaluate the clinical impact of LAIA and the high budget impact with its use should be considered, and may compromise SUS sustainability. In view of these aspects, CONITEC recommended the incorporation of one of the LAIA, if the treatment is equal to or less than that of NPH insulin and according to the criteria established by a guideline.
Data analysis from cognitive games interaction in Smart TV applications for patients with Parkinson's, Alzheimer's, and other types of dementia
Authors: López Juan Pedro , Moreno Francisco , Popa Mirela , Hernández-Peñaloza Gustavo , Álvarez Federico
Published: December 2019

Parkinson's disease and Alzheimer's disease are progressive nervous system disorders that affect physical and cognitive capacities of individuals, including memory loss, motion impairment, or problem-solving dysfunctions. Leisure activities are associated with reducing the risk of dementia and are preventive policies for delaying the cognitive impairment in later stages of those neurodegenerative diseases. Electronic games related to cognitive abilities are an easy and inexpensive alternative for stimulating brain activity in this kind of patients. The previous research demonstrated the acceptance of these activities in the environment of Connected TV when playing at home and in daily care centers. Interaction in Connected TV applications has its own particularities that influence the design of the interface, including the viewing distance, the type of interaction through a remote control or other techniques, the size of the screen, or the collectiveness of consumption. Iterative testing with patients of these groups revealed how the physical characteristics and cognitive impairment of these concrete end-users affect the human–computer interaction, offering guidelines and recommendations in good practices for the Smart TV interface design. On the other hand, data analytics extracted from the interaction and evolution of the game offer important information enabling the creation of estimation prediction models about the cognitive state of the patient.
Samuel Hallifax (1733–1790)
Authors: Doe Norman
Published: December 2019

Trinity Hall, Cambridge was founded in 1350 by William Bateman, Bishop of Norwich, for the study of canon law and civil law, as provided in its statutes. It later developed a direct connection with Doctors’ Commons in London, the College of Advocates practising in the church and admiralty courts. In the period 1512–1856, of the 462 admitted as advocates, 85 were from the Hall, including 15 masters and 45 fellows. From 1558 to 1857, the Hall had 9 out of about 25 Deans of Arches: two under Elizabeth, three at the end of the seventeenth century, three in the eighteenth century and one in the nineteenth. It has also provided more than 24 diocesan chancellors. As a result, within Cambridge University, Trinity Hall became the ‘nursery for civilians’, and the usual home for the Regius Professor of Civil Law. Among the first 12 of these (1540–1666), the Hall had 5. From 1666 to 1873, all of the next 12 holders were Trinity Hall by origin or adoption. Uniquely, all four of those holding this chair from 1757 to 1847 were clergy. These included Samuel Hallifax, Regius Professor of Civil Law 1770–1782. What follows deals with the life and career of Hallifax; his legal treatise An Analysis of the Roman Civil Law Compared with the Laws of England (with particular reference to its treatment of ecclesiastical law), its use and later editions; and the part played by it in a development which saw Trinity Hall become the centre for the new Civil Law classes (1816–1857), the forerunner of the modern Cambridge Law Tripos.
General Assembly of the Church of Scotland
Authors: Lingiah Jason
Published: December 2019

The General Assembly met in Edinburgh from 19 to 25 May, with the Rt Revd Colin Sinclair BA BD, minister of Palmerston Place in the Presbytery of Edinburgh, installed as Moderator. Last year's Lord High Commissioner to the General Assembly, Richard Scott, the Duke of Buccleuch and Queensberry, was reappointed by HM The Queen.
General Synod of the Hong Kong Sheng Kung Hui
Authors: Perry Alan T
Published: December 2019

The Eighth General Synod of Hong Kong Sheng Kung Hui (‘Holy Catholic Church of Hong Kong’) met from 23 to 25 June 2019 at St James's Church in the Wan Chai district of Hong Kong. The Synod had been scheduled to meet from 23 to 27 June but concluded its business two days early. It normally meets every three years.
Contribution of Snow Cover Decline to Projected Warming Over North America
Authors: Diro G. T. , Sushama L.
Published: December 2019

Given the critical role that snow plays in modulating current climate, it is vital to examine the contribution of the projected snow decline to the future warming. This is investigated over North America using regional climate modeling experiments with prescribed current and future snow conditions. Results indicate that the decline in snow contributes to future warming by up to 2°C and 4°C, respectively, to annual and spring temperature increases. Results also show that decline in snow depth and cover lead to the attenuation (amplification) of cold (warm) extremes. The rate of intensification of warm extremes is higher over the snow‐abundant regions of northern Canada—where current snow cover fraction is close to one. The largest attenuation in cold extremes, on the other hand, is over snow marginal regions of the Great Plains and Prairies. These results demonstrate the spatiotemporal differences in projected changes exclusively associated with snow cover and depth decline.
Common‐Volume Dual‐Frequency Radar Observations of 150‐km Echoes and Implications
Authors: Patra A.K. , Chaitanya P. Pavan , Rao M. Durga , Kamaraj P.
Published: December 2019

We present and discuss common‐volume dual‐frequency radar observations of 150‐km echoes made at 30 and 53 MHz from Gadanki by employing identical transmitter power and antenna beam width. These controlled experiments reveal that 150‐km echoes are stronger, broader in spectral width, and more frequent in their occurrence at 30 MHz than at 53 MHz. Echo intensities at 30 and 53 MHz are found to be consistent with the rocket‐borne observations of wave number spectrum of meter‐scale irregularities in the 150‐km region. The frequency dependence of spectral widths of the echoes while is found to be somewhat similar to that of electrojet type‐1 echoes it is opposite to that of electrojet type‐2 echoes and also to that of incoherent scattering in direction perpendicular to magnetic field. Spectral widths of the echoes observed by both radars are found to be independent of SNR. A detailed comparison of these observations with those made earlier suggests that instrument functions play an important role in manifesting SNR‐dependent/independent spectral width property of the 150‐km echoes. The narrow spectral properties and frequency dependence of echo intensity and spectral width clearly suggest that the irregularities responsible for the radar backscatter are linked with weak plasma turbulence and the meter‐scale irregularities responsible for radar echoes ought to be growing with direct injection of energy at the meter scale itself to overcome damping. We surmise the potential role of photoelectrons and atmospheric gravity waves in the underline plasma instability process.
Transparency and stability of low density stellar plasma related to Boltzmann statistics and to thermal bremsstrahlung
Authors: Ben-Aryeh Y.
Published: December 2019

The stability of low density stellar plasma is analyzed for a star with a spherical symmetry which is in equilibrium between the gravitational attractive forces and the repulsive pressure forces of an ideal electron gas where the analysis is developed by the use of Boltzmann statistics. Fundamental results are obtained for the radius and total mass of such star and its gravitational forces are large due to the extreme large volume. The absorption and emission of radiation for extremely low density star plasmas is very small over the entire electro-magnetic spectrum.
Vortex-induced vibration wind energy harvesting by piezoelectric MEMS device in formation
Authors: Lee Yin Jen , Qi Yi , Zhou Guangya , Lua Kim Boon
Published: December 2019

A silicon chip integrated microelectromechanical (MEMS) wind energy harvester, based on the vortex-induced vibration (VIV) concept, has been designed, fabricated, and tested as a proof-of-concept demonstration. The harvester comprises of a cylindrical oscillator attached to a piezoelectric MEMS device. Wind tunnel experiments are conducted to measure the power output of the energy harvester. Additionally, the energy harvester is placed within a formation of up to 25 cylinders to test whether the vortex interactions of multiple cylinders in formation can enhance the power output. Experiments show power output in the nanowatt range, and the energy harvester within a formation of cylinders yield noticeably higher power output compared to the energy harvester in isolation. A more detailed investigation conducted using computational fluid dynamics simulations indicates that vortices shed from upstream cylinders introduce large periodic transverse velocity component on the incoming flow encountered by the downstream cylinders, hence increasing VIV response. For the first time, the use of formation effect to enhance the wind energy harvesting at microscale has been demonstrated. This proof-of-concept demonstrates a potential means of powering small off-grid sensors in a cost-effective manner due to the easy integration of the energy harvester and sensor on the same silicon chip.
[18F]SPA-RQ/PET Study of NK1 receptors in the Whole Body of Guinea Pig and Rat
Authors: Grönroos Tove J. , Forsback Sarita , Eskola Olli , Bergman Jörgen , Marjamäki Päivi , Löyttyniemi Eliisa , Hietala Jarmo , Haaparanta-Solin Merja , Solin Olof
Published: December 2019

There is a substantial interest in the development of NK1 substance P antagonists as potential treatments for various neuropsychiatric and somatic disorders. The aim of this study was to determine whether [18F]SPA-RQ can be utilized as a tool for studying the whole body distribution and function of NK1 receptors in preclinical settings. The compound was injected into guinea pigs with or without premedication with a NK1 receptor antagonist (NK1A-2). For comparison, we included two rats in the study, as the affinity of antagonists for NK1 receptors is known to vary between species. The whole body biodistribution of the tracer was determined at several time points. The tracer showed specific binding in organs compatible with the known location of NK1-receptors. Premedication with a NK1 antagonist led to an inhibited uptake of [18F]SPA-RQ in several organs of guinea pigs, notably intestine, pancreas, urinary bladder, uterus, skin and lung. Specific binding was also seen in both cortex and striatum. In contrast, negligible specific binding was observed in the rat brain with [18F]SPA-RQ, whereas the tracer uptake in peripheral tissues was similar to that seen in guinea pigs. We conclude that [18F]SPA-RQ/PET is a useful tool to study the distribution and function of peripherally located NK1 receptors e.g. in different disease models.
First experimental evidence for olfactory species discrimination in two nocturnal primate species (Microcebus lehilahytsara and M. murinus)
Authors: Kollikowski Annika , Zimmermann Elke , Radespiel Ute
Published: December 2019

Olfactory communication is highly important for nocturnal mammals, especially for solitary foragers, but knowledge is still limited for nocturnal primates. Mouse lemurs (Microcebus spp.) are nocturnal solitary foragers with a dispersed lifestyle and frequently use chemo-sensory signalling behaviour for governing social interactions. Different mouse lemur species can co-occur in a given forest but it is unknown whether olfaction is involved in species recognition. We first screened 24 captive mouse lemurs (9 M. murinus, 15 M. lehilahytsara) for their olfactory learning potential in an experimental arena and then tested the species discrimination ability with urine odour in an operant conditioning paradigm in four individuals. The majority of the screened animals (75%) did not pass the screening criteria within a 2-week test period. However, all four final test animals, two M. murinus and two M. lehilahytsara, were successfully trained in a 5-step-conditioning process to reliably discriminate conspecific from heterospecific urine odour (requiring an overall median of 293 trials). Findings complement previous studies on the role of acoustic signalling and suggest that olfaction may be an important additional mechanism for species discrimination.
Nafamostat and sepimostat identified as novel neuroprotective agents via NR2B N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonism using a rat retinal excitotoxicity model
Authors: Fuwa Masahiro , Kageyama Masaaki , Ohashi Koji , Sasaoka Masaaki , Sato Ryuichi , Tanaka Masami , Tashiro Kei
Published: December 2019

In addition to its role in the treatment of pancreatitis, the serine protease inhibitor nafamostat exhibits a retinal protective effect. However, the exact mechanisms underlying this effect are unknown. In this study, the neuroprotective effects of nafamostat and its orally active derivative sepimostat against excitotoxicity were further characterised in vitro and in vivo. In primary rat cortical neurons, nafamostat completely suppressed N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA)-induced cell death. Intravitreal injection of nafamostat and sepimostat protected the rat retina against NMDA-induced degeneration, whereas the structurally related compounds, gabexate and camostat, did not. The neuroprotective effects of nafamostat and the NR2B antagonist ifenprodil were remarkably suppressed by spermidine, a naturally occurring polyamine that modulates the NR2B subunit. Both nafamostat and sepimostat inhibited [3H]ifenprodil binding to fractionated rat brain membranes. Thus, nafamostat and sepimostat may exert neuroprotective effects against excitotoxic retinal degeneration through NMDA receptor antagonism at the ifenprodil-binding site of the NR2B subunit.
Evaluation of the Occluding Characteristics of Nanosized Eggshell/Titanium Dioxide with or without Saliva
Authors: Onwubu Stanley Chibuzor , Mdluli Phumlani Selby , Singh Shenuka , Bharuth Vishal , Makgobole Mokgadi Ursula
Published: December 2019

Objectives The study reports on the effectiveness of a ball-milled nanosized titanium dioxide composite (EB@TiO2) for DH management in comparison with commercial desensitizing paste with and without saliva.

Materials and Methods  Forty-nine dentine specimens were prepared from extracted bovine anterior teeth. Twenty-one of the specimens were brushed with three desensitizing toothpaste for 7 days, namely: Group 1; EB@TiO2, Group 2; Colgate Pro-relief; and Group 3; Sensodyne repair (n = 7). Twenty-four specimens were brushed with the toothpaste for 7 days and stored in artificial saliva (control) after brushing. Each specimen was subsequently posttreated in citric acid solution to test its stability in acidic condition. Field scanning electron microscope was used to evaluate the effectiveness of the dentine tubules occlusion. The biocompatibility of the composite was tested using BHK21 cell line.

Statistical Analysis One-way analysis of variance was used to analyze the percentage occluded area ratio values for all specimens (α = 0.05). Independent t-test was further used to evaluate the occlusion differences with saliva and without saliva.

Results and Conclusions The number of dentine tubules decreased significantly after 7 days of brushing. Overall, the occlusion observe for EB@TiO2 were significantly better than for Colgate Pro-relief and Sensodyne repair (p < 0.05). BHK21 assay suggested that composite had no significant effect on the BHK21 cell line. This study demonstrated that the composite effectively occluded open dentine tubules within 7 days of brushing.
Comparison of Connective Tissue Graft and Platelet Rich Fibrin as Matrices in A Novel Papillary Augmentation Access: A Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial
Authors: Abirami T. , Subramanian Sangeetha , Prakash P. S.G. , Victor D. J. , Devapriya A. M.
Published: December 2019

Objective The present study was a randomized controlled clinical trial with the aim of evaluating the increase in papillary height and reduction in black triangle height obtained by the novel papillary augmentation access with either connective tissue graft (CTG) or platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) as matrix from baseline to 6 months.

Materials and Methods A total number of 20 sites with Nordland and Tarnow’s Class I, I-II and II interdental papillary loss were recruited into the study. The sites were randomly allocated with 10 sites per group into either: Group A (control group) or Group B (test group) which utilizes the same technique with CTG or PRF as matrix, respectively. The clinical parameters such as PPD (probing pocket depth) and CAL (clinical attachment level) at the surgical site, plaque score (FMPS), bleeding scores (FMBS), interdental papillary height (PH) and black triangle height (BTH), along with visual analog score by dentist (VAS-D) and by patient (VAS-P) were evaluated at baseline and at 6 months.

Results In both CTG and PRF groups, all the primary and secondary outcome variables such as PH, BTH, VAS-D and VAS-P showed statistically significant improvement from baseline to 6 months (p ≤0.05) within the group. On comparison at 6 months, there were no differences in the papillary height between the groups. However, the BTH has significantly reduced in the CTG group than the PRF group. Similarly, the VAS-D significantly improved in the CTG group than the PRF group (p = 0.010) at 6 months.

Conclusion The study demonstrates that the proposed papillary augmentation access with CTG and PRF was successful in managing the unaesthetic interdental papillary loss, with CTG showing better results in terms of reduction of black triangle than PRF.
Superficial radial artery - a rare variation and its clinical significance
Authors: PK Sankaran , Raghunath Gunapriya , R. Sathyan ,   Parimelazhagan
Published: December 2019

During routine dissection of upper limb, a variation in the origin of radial artery was observed in a female cadaver of about 60 years. The radial artery is usually a smaller terminal branch of the brachial artery in the forearm. On the right side of the cadaver the radial artery was found to originate from second part of the axillary artery, whereas on the left side the origin of radial artery was found to be normal. This variant of radial artery has been rarely documented in literature. Accurate anatomy of radial artery and its variations have definite diagnostic, interventional, and surgical significance.
Influence of Different Composites and Polishing Techniques on Periodontal Tissues near Noncarious Cervical Lesions: A Controlled, Randomized, Blinded Clinical Trial
Authors: Teixeira Nancielli , Webber Mariana Benedetti Ferreira , Nassar Carlos Augusto , Camilotti Veridiana , Mendonça Marcio José , Sinhoreti Mario Alexandre Coelho
Published: December 2019

Objectives This study evaluated the long-term effect on gingival tissues near noncarious cervical lesions after restoration with different composites in association with two different polishing techniques.

Materials and Methods This study was conducted on 60 patients as a randomized, split-mouth, single-blind clinical trial and divided into four groups (n = 15) and restored using different composites (Tetric N-Ceram nanohibride or Z350 XT nanoparticles) and polishing materials (Astropol or Sof-Lex). The periodontal parameters analyzed were Silness–Löe plaque index; Silness–Löe gingival index; probing depth, clinical insertion level; and bleeding on probing. Periodontal analysis was performed before scaling and root planing at 30, 60, 120, and 180 days after restoration.

Statistical Analysis The data submitted to the Friedman’s test were employed for comparison between groups (p < 0.05).

Results Statistically significant differences between Z350/Astropol and other groups were observed for visible plaque and probing depth. Gingival index Tetric/Sof-Lex, the time factor did not influence the results. All experiment groups exhibited statistically significant differences in the clinical level of insertion when the follow-up time was considered. Percentage of bleeding on probing, in which there was a difference only with regard to group Tetric/Sof-Lex when the time factor was considered.

Conclusion The evaluated composites and polishing techniques did not exhibit differences in performance in the periodontal parameters analyzed at the end of 6 months of evaluation.
Inverse-perovskites A3BO (A = Sr, Ca, Eu/B = Pb, Sn): A platform for control of Dirac and Weyl Fermions
Authors: Rost A. W. , Kim J. , Suetsugu S. , Abdolazimi V. , Hayama K. , Bruin J. A. N. , Mühle C. , Kitagawa K. , Yaresko A. , Nuss J. , Takagi H.
Published: December 2019

Bulk Dirac electron systems have attracted strong interest for their unique magnetoelectric properties as well as their close relation to topological (crystalline) insulators. Recently, the focus has been shifting toward the role of magnetism in stabilizing Weyl fermions as well as chiral surface states in such materials. While a number of nonmagnetic systems are well known, experimental realizations of magnetic analogs are a key focus of current studies. Here, we report on the physical properties of a large family of inverse perovskites A3BO (A = Sr, Ca, Eu/B = Pb, Sn) in which we are able to not only stabilize 3D Dirac electrons at the Fermi energy but also chemically control their properties. In particular, it is possible to introduce a controllable Dirac gap, change the Fermi velocity, tune the anisotropy of the Dirac dispersion, and—crucially—introduce complex magnetism into the system. This family of compounds therefore opens up unique possibilities for the chemical control and systematic investigation of the fascinating properties of such topological semimetals.
Spin kinetics of liquid 3He in an aerogel–DyF3 nanoparticle system
Authors: Alakshin E. M. , Kondratyeva E. I. , Kuzmin V. V. , Safiullin K. R. , Stanislavovas A. A. , Dolgorukov G. A. , Klochkov A. V. , Tagirov M. S.
Published: December 2019

The pulsed NMR method was used to study the spin kinetics of liquid 3Не in a sample of oriented Al2O3 aerogel, containing DyF3 nanoparticles with an average size of 5 nm, at temperatures of 1.5−3 K. DyF3 is a dipole dielectric ferromagnet with a phase transition temperature of TC = 2.55 K, while the diamagnetic ordered Al2O3 aerogel is used as a magnetic diluting agent to ensure the optimal conditions for observing the 3Не nuclear magnetic resonance in this system. No anomalies in the spin kinetics of 3Не contacting with this sample that could be related to the phase transition have been observed. A method for adding paramagnetic impurities to aerogel was proposed.
Magnetoresistance of electrons in diluted magnetic semiconductor Volcano ring
Authors: Babanlı A. M.
Published: December 2019

The influence of exchange interaction on the transport properties of a two-dimensional diluted magnetic semiconductor quantum ring with finite width has been investigated in the presence of a uniform perpendicular magnetic field. The dependence of magnetoresistance on the magnetic field, Mn concentration, and quantum ring width are investigated. In the absence of exchange interaction, a typical beating pattern with well-defined node-positions in the oscillating magnetoresistance is observed. It was shown that in the present exchange interactions the beating pattern is destroyed.
Conductivity of pressed powders of chromium dioxide with spin-dependent electron tunneling: The effect of thickness and composition of dielectric layers
Authors: Dalakova N. V. , Beliayev E. Yu. , Bludov A. N. , Horielyi V. A. , Osmolowskaya O. M. , Osmolowsky M. G.
Published: December 2019

The resistive, magnetoresistive, and magnetic properties for nine compacted CrO2 powder samples synthesized by hydrothermal method from chromic anhydride were studied. The proposed new synthesis method allows adjusting the thickness of the dielectric shells on the surface of CrO2 nanoparticles. The powders consisted of either rounded nanopartides (with an average diameter of ≈ 120 nm) or needle-like crystals (≈22.9 nm in diameter and 302 nm long). In all cases, nanoparticles were covered by dielectric shells of varied thickness and composition (for example, chromium oxide Cr2O3 or chromium oxyhydroxide β-CrOOH). The effect of material properties and thickness of the intergranular dielectric layers, as well as the shape of CrO2 nanoparticles, on the magnitude of the tunnel resistance and magnetoresistance (MR) of compacted powder samples was investigated. For all the samples studied, the nonmetallic temperature behavior of the resistance and the giant negative tunneling MR were detected at low temperatures. The maximum values of MR at T ≈ 5 K and relatively small magnetic field (H = 0.5 T) were approximately 37%. With increasing temperature, the MR rapidly decreased (down to ≈1% at H = 1 T, T ≈ 200 K).
Performance of sheep systems grazing perennial pastures. 4. Simulated seasonal variation and long-term production
Authors: Robertson Susan M. , Friend Michael A.
Published: December 2019

Choice of sheep-management system alters both production potential and the production risk due to variability in seasonal conditions. This study quantified production and gross margins from systems based on Merino ewes and varying in stocking rate, time of lambing, and the proportion of ewes joined to terminal-breed or Merino rams. Simulation studies were conducted between 1971 and 2011 using the AusFarm decision-support tool for a grazing property in southern New South Wales. Joining between December and May resulted in higher gross margins than in other months because of higher numbers of lambs sold combined with a lower requirement for supplementary feeding. More ewes could be carried per hectare for April joining than February joining to achieve the same midwinter stocking rate and risk of feeding. Self-replacing systems could produce median gross margins similar to those with replacement ewes purchased, but gross margins were sensitive to the cost of replacement ewes. Of the systems compared, February joining to Merino rams produced the lowest gross margins at all stocking rates, but this system also had the lowest variability among years. The advantage of different systems was dependent on seasonal conditions, which altered lamb production and supplementary feeding. The median ranking of systems for gross margin generally did not alter with changes in feed, sheep or wool values. Large increases in gross margins can be achieved through use of terminal-breed rams, optimal stocking rates and time of lambing, but the superiority of any option depended on production system, price assumptions and seasonal conditions.
Intratumoral injection of the seasonal flu shot converts immunologically cold tumors to hot and serves as an immunotherapy for cancer
Authors: Newman Jenna H. , Chesson C. Brent , Herzog Nora L. , Bommareddy Praveen K. , Aspromonte Salvatore M. , Pepe Russell , Estupinian Ricardo , Aboelatta Mones M. , Buddhadev Stuti , Tarabichi Saeed , Lee Michael , Li Shengguo , Medina Daniel J. , Giurini Eileena F. , Gupta Kajal H. , Guevara-Aleman Gabriel , Rossi Marco , Nowicki Christina , Abed Abdulkareem , Goldufsky Josef W. , Broucek Joseph R. , Redondo Raquel E. , Rotter David , Jhawar Sachin R. , Wang Shang-Jui , Kohlhapp Frederick J. , Kaufman Howard L. , Thomas Paul G. , Gupta Vineet , Kuzel Timothy M. , Reiser Jochen , Paras Joyce , Kane Michael P. , Singer Eric A. , Malhotra Jyoti , Denzin Lisa K. , Sant’Angelo Derek B. , Rabson Arnold B. , Lee Leonard Y. , Lasfar Ahmed , Langenfeld John , Schenkel Jason M. , Fidler Mary Jo , Ruiz Emily S. , Marzo Amanda L. , Rudra Jai S. , Silk Ann W. , Zloza Andrew
Published: December 2019

Significance

Immunotherapy has revolutionized cancer treatment, yielding unprecedented long-term responses and survival. However, a significant proportion of patients remain refractory, which correlates with the absence of immune-infiltrated (“hot”) tumors. Here, we observed that FDA-approved unadjuvanted seasonal influenza vaccines administered via intratumoral injection not only provide protection against active influenza virus lung infection, but also reduce tumor growth by increasing antitumor CD8
+
T cells and decreasing regulatory B cells within the tumor. Ultimately, intratumoral unadjuvanted seasonal influenza vaccine converts immunologically inactive “cold” tumors to “hot,” generates systemic responses, and sensitizes resistant tumors to checkpoint blockade. Repurposing the “flu shot” may increase response rates to immunotherapy, and based on its current FDA approval and safety profile, may be quickly translated for clinical care.
Combinatorial interactions of the LEC1 transcription factor specify diverse developmental programs during soybean seed development
Authors: Jo Leonardo , Pelletier Julie M. , Hsu Ssu-Wei , Baden Russell , Goldberg Robert B. , Harada John J.
Published: December 2019

The LEAFY COTYLEDON1 (LEC1) transcription factor is a central regulator of seed development, because it controls diverse biological programs during seed development, such as embryo morphogenesis, photosynthesis, and seed maturation. To understand how LEC1 regulates different gene sets during development, we explored the possibility that LEC1 acts in combination with other transcription factors. We identified and compared genes that are directly transcriptionally regulated by ABA-RESPONSIVE ELEMENT BINDING PROTEIN3 (AREB3), BASIC LEUCINE ZIPPER67 (bZIP67), and ABA INSENSITIVE3 (ABI3) with those regulated by LEC1. We showed that LEC1 operates with specific sets of transcription factors to regulate different gene sets and, therefore, distinct developmental processes. Thus, LEC1 controls diverse processes through its combinatorial interactions with other transcription factors. DNA binding sites for the transcription factors are closely clustered in genomic regions upstream of target genes, defining
cis
-regulatory modules that are enriched for DNA sequence motifs that resemble sequences known to be bound by these transcription factors. Moreover,
cis
-regulatory modules for genes regulated by distinct transcription factor combinations are enriched for different sets of DNA motifs. Expression assays with embryo cells indicate that the enriched DNA motifs are functional
cis
elements that regulate transcription. Together, the results suggest that combinatorial interactions between LEC1 and other transcription factors are mediated by
cis
-regulatory modules containing clustered
cis
elements and by physical interactions that are documented to occur between the transcription factors.
Addition of docosahexaenoic acid synergistically enhances the efficacy of apatinib for triple-negative breast cancer therapy
Authors: Ma Yingjie , Yu Junxian , Li Qin , Su Qiang , Cao Bangwei
Published: December 2019

The current study aimed to investigate the antitumor and antiangiogenesis effects of apatinib in triple-negative breast cancer in vitro and also whether the combination of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and apatinib is more effective than apatinib monotherapy. The cell counting kit-8 assay was used to measure cell proliferation. Flow cytometry was utilized to determine the cell apoptosis rate. A wound healing assay was utilized to assess cell migration. Western blot analysis was carried out to determine the effects of apatinib and DHA on Bcl-2, BAX, cleaved caspase-3, caspase-3, phosphorylated protein kinase B (p-Akt), and Akt expression. DHA in combination with apatinib showed enhanced inhibitory effects on cell proliferation and migration compared with apatinib or DHA monotherapy. Meanwhile, DHA combined with apatinib strongly increased the cell apoptosis percentage. DHA was observed to enhance the antitumor and antiangiogenesis effects of apatinib via further downregulation of p-Akt expression.

Abbreviations: FITC: fluorescein isothiocyanate; PI: propidium iodide
A single amino acid substitution in the FAD-binding domain causes the inactivation of Propionibacterium Acnes isomerase
Authors: Rao Yu , Li Shi-Li , Li Mei-Juan , Cui Sheng , Gou Ke-Mian
Published: December 2019

We previously demonstrated the efficient production of trans 10, cis 12-conjugated linoleic acid (t10c12-CLA) in Lactococcus lactis by ectopically expressing a Propionibacterium acnes isomerase (pai) gene and also mentioned that a recombinant strain was unable to accumulate t10c12-CLA product, despite the normal transcription. Here, the molecular analysis indicated that this mutated strain harbors a pai gene with a single-nucleotide mutation converting GC50A to GTA, leading to a corresponding change of Alanine residue into Valine. The expression of the reverse mutation resulted in the recovery for enzyme activity. Site-directed mutagenesis indicated that the codon usage of Val17 was not responsible for the enzyme inactivation in the Ala17Val mutation. Western blot analysis revealed that the recombinant PAI protein was not detectable in the His tag-marked Ala17Val mutant. It is, therefore, reasonable to assume that Ala17 residue is critical for PAI functionality.

Abbreviations: pai: propionibacterium acnes isomerase; CLA: conjugated linoleic acid; t10c12-CLA: trans 10, cis 12-CLA; LA: linoleic acid (18:2n-6); FAD: flavin adenine dinucleotide
Designing solar-cell absorber materials through computational high-throughput screening*
Authors: Jiang Xiaowei , Yin Wan-Jian
Published: December 2019

Although the efficiency of CH3NH3PbI3 has been refreshed to 25.2%, stability and toxicity remain the main challenges for its applications. The search for novel solar-cell absorbers that are highly stable, non-toxic, inexpensive, and highly efficient is now a viable research focus. In this review, we summarize our recent research into the high-throughput screening and materials design of solar-cell absorbers, including single perovskites, double perovskites, and materials beyond perovskites. BaZrS3 (single perovskite), Ba2BiNbS6 (double perovskite), HgAl2Se4 (spinel), and IrSb3 (skutterudite) were discovered to be potential candidates in terms of their high stabilities, appropriate bandgaps, small carrier effective masses, and strong optical absorption.
Pair distribution function analysis: Fundamentals and application to battery materials
Authors: Wang Xuelong , Tan Sha , Yang Xiao-Qing , Hu Enyuan
Published: December 2019

Battery materials are of vital importance in powering a clean and sustainable society. Improving their performance relies on a clear and fundamental understanding of their properties, in particular, structural properties. Pair distribution function (PDF) analysis, which takes into account both Bragg scattering and diffuse scattering, can probe structures of both crystalline and amorphous phases in battery materials. This review first introduces the principle of PDF, followed by its application in battery materials. It shows that PDF is an effective tool in studying a series of key scientific topics in battery materials. They range from local ordering, nano-phase quantification, anion redox reaction, to lithium storage mechanism, and so on.
On a new SIMVW epidemic model with vaccination and endemic testing
Authors: Fernandez-Pereda J. , De la Sen M. , Alonso-Quesada S.
Published: December 2019

A new epidemic model referred to as SIMVW is proposed which includes the following subpopulations: susceptible human, infectious human, susceptible vector, infectious vector and vaccinated human. The transmission vector is the anopheles mosquito for the malaria disease. The disease-free equilibrium points concerning the absence of infection in humans and/or mosquitoes are defined and discussed from a stability point of view. A set of simulated examples are performed mainly related to typical endemic situations which are tested for a malaria case study in the absence and in the presence of vaccination efforts. The vaccination efforts delete susceptible numbers which are transferred to the vaccinated subpopulation and include online feedback information on the susceptible subpopulation to adjust the control effort. The vaccination effects are mainly to improve the convergence rates to the equilibrium point, to decrease the numbers of susceptible individuals while increasing those of recovered ones and to reduce the basic reproduction number so that the range of stability of the disease-free equilibrium points is larger compared to the case of absence of vaccination.
Structural design and development of a water transfer sample
Authors: Chen Yongguo , Chen Yonghua , Liu Qingkui
Published: December 2019

Understanding rare suspended particulate matter (including planktonic microorganisms) in the deep ocean is important but difficult to sample, for which we deigned a large-sized in-situ water sampler (200-1000L), i.e., a large volume water transfer system sampler. The system comprises of a deep-ocean pump, a filtering device, data acquisition and control devices, a supporting frame, a power supply component, a connecting mechanism, and a flow meter, etc. The filtering device integrates membranes for three-graded filtration at 0.22, 1, and 5μm, and an additional membrane aperture upon the need. The control device adopts two working modes: depth trigger and time trigger. The system can be added with a CTD and a fluorescence meter, etc. In addition, for a stationed site survey, several sets (such as 3 sets) of the system can be fixed at an interval on the suspension cable to work at different depths simultaneously. The system can be applied for high-level multi-layer filtration to obtain suspended particles. The system has been applied in several marine expeditions. The development of this system provides an ideal tool for deep-ocean in-situ sampling technology in China. The applications of the large volume water transfer system sampler for in-situ sampling in deep-ocean have been launched for a few times. Some interesting phenomena have been discovered and the advantages of in situ sampling are proved.
A new risk probability calculation method for urban ecological risk assessment
Authors: Liu Changfeng , Chen Weiping , Hou Ying , Ma Lingchao
Published: December 2019

The ecological risk associated with urbanization is of great concern where multiple stressors and risk receptors co-exist. Probabilistic risk characterization methods were rarely applied in past urban ecological risk assessments because of the difficulties in the derivation of theoretical probability distribution functions and the definite integral calculation. Therefore, we proposed a new method which is based on computer simulation and able to facilitate the calculation of risk probabilities. This method quantifies multiple ecological risk-related indicators using ecological models, implements Monte Carlo simulation to calculate the risk probability of single indicators, and applies the copula model to calculate the joint risk probability of multiple indicators. We conducted an assessment of urban ecological risk related to urban surface water environment in Beijing as a case study to validate this method. The results show that the means of surface runoff risk probability, total nitrogen pollutant load risk probability, and comprehensive (joint) risk probability were 0.33, 0.44, and 0.23, respectively, in the areas within Beijing Sixth Ring Road. All three types of risk were at moderate levels in the study areas, but exhibited high spatial heterogeneity and urban–suburban gradient. The average contributions of the three risk types were 25% (surface runoff risk), 32% (total nitrogen pollutant load risk), and 43% (comprehensive risk), indicating that the joint risk was overall the major risk type. In conclusion, our method considering multiple indicators and their probabilistic attributes can handle the uncertainties in ecological models and thus has potential to evaluate different types of urban ecological risks.
Improved estimates of mangrove cover and change reveal catastrophic deforestation in Myanmar
Authors: De Alban Jose Don T , Jamaludin Johanness , Wong de Wen Donovan , Than Maung Maung , Webb Edward L
Published: December 2019

Mangroves are one of the world’s most threatened ecosystems, and Myanmar is regarded as the current mangrove deforestation hotspot globally. Here, we use multi-sensor satellite data and Intensity Analysis to quantify and explain patterns of net and gross mangrove cover change (loss, gain, persistence) for the 1996–2016 period across all of Myanmar. Net national mangrove cover declined by 52% over 20 years, with annual net loss rates of 3.60%–3.87%. Gross mangrove deforestation was more profound: 63% of the 1996 mangrove extent had been temporarily or permanently converted by 2016. Rice, oil palm, and rubber expansion accounted for most conversion; however, our analysis revealed targeted systematic transitions of mangroves to water (presumably aquaculture) and built-up areas indicated emerging threats for mangroves from those land uses. Restoration programmes facilitated mangrove gains and represent a critical area for investment alongside protection. This study demonstrates the importance of multi-sensor satellite data for national-level mangrove change assessments, along with gross land cover transition analyses to assess landscape dynamics as well as prioritise threats and interventions in an effort to develop holistic strategies that aim to conserve important habitats.