bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
INFLUÊNCIA DE PREDITORES MOTIVACIONAIS NA ADESÃO E ADERÊNCIA A PRÁTICA DE EXERCÍCIOS FÍSICOS
Authors: Costa Francine , Manoel Bruna
Published: January 2021

Descrever os preditores motivacionais positivos e negativos que influenciam na adesão e aderência à prática de exercícios físicos com base na Teoria da Autodeterminação. Critérios de inclusão e exclusão de artigos, inclusão: (1) estudos entre 01 de janeiro de 1995 e 31 de dezembro de 2019, (2) artigos com influência de um ou mais preditores motivacionais na aderência a prática de exercícios físicos em curto ou longo prazo, (3) estudos de campo,(4) artigos em língua inglesa, espanhol e portuguesa. Exclusão: (1) artigos de revisão bibliográficas, monografias, dissertações, teses, artigos de opinião de especialistas e/ou pontos de vista, resumos,capítulos de livro, (2) artigos de validação de instrumentos, (3) artigos que abordassem a aderência ao desporto com a amostra de atletas, (4) artigos que não deixasse claro quais o preditores foram significativos para a aderência a prática do exercício físico, (5) artigos que abordassem os preditores motivacionais da TAD sem o contexto da aderência ao exercício físico e vice versa, (6) os artigos em duplicidade nas bases revisadas, (7) artigos que não mencionavam período de duração. Estudo de revisão sistemática nas bases PubMed, Sciencedirect, Doaj e Google acadêmico. Em geral a determinação como preditores positivos foram: Motivação intrínseca (20-90,47%) e regulação identificada (08- 38,09%). Houve estudos com mais de um preditor. Em três estudos foi determinada a regulação integrada, 14,28%, dois em longo prazo e um em curto prazo. Conclui-se que a motivação intrínseca e a regulação identificada foram os preditores de maior influência positiva para a aderência à prática de exercícios físicos.
PRÁTICAS DE EXTENSÃO DURANTE A PANDEMIA: AÇÕES DO PROJETO ROBÓTICA EDUCACIONAL UNIVATES
Authors: Pretto Fabrício , Käfer Cristine Letícia
Published: January 2021

O Projeto Robótica Educacional da Univates atua no desenvolvimento e aprimoramento do raciocínio lógico dos alunos das escolas de Educação Básica do Vale do Taquari e região, realizando suas ações com alunos do sétimo ano do Ensino Fundamental até o terceiro ano do Ensino Médio. Por meio de oficinas práticas com montagem e programação de robôs da Lego, busca desenvolver o raciocínio lógico e resolução de problemas. No ano de 2020, devido à pandemia da Covid-19, fomos desafiados a compartilhar conhecimento mesmo de forma distante, visto que as aulas foram suspensas no mundo inteiro. O principal objetivo foi, neste cenário completamente adverso ao que estávamos acostumados, fornecer às escolas informação e conhecimento acerca do que é desenvolvido no projeto. Para atender esta demanda, foram estruturadas ações virtuais como: oficina online e produção de vídeos, elaborados pela equipe do projeto e voluntários. Foram gravados cinco vídeos e disponibilizados às escolas via plataforma online.
北京某精密机房的照明设计研究
Authors: 戴 虎
Published: January 2021

随着大数据与互联网+的快速发展，数据中心的建设工作也在各行各业中快速展开，尤其大型企业的数据收集与处理工作更是离不开计算机数据中心的建设。文章正是在实际工程中对北京市某大型精密数据中心计算机机房的装修设计进行了前期设计研究，其中针对业主提出的绿色节能，智能环保的概念，进行了专门的照明设计的研究，可以说从另一个角度研究了本数据中心的用电设计。
Desordenando el orden
Authors:   Universidad Nacional Jorge Basadre Grohmann, Calderón Nicolás
Published: January 2021

La teoría del caos está orientada a comprender y gestionar maquinas vivientes no triviales, que son impredecibles, que originan un nuevo orden de vida y gestión; nos prepara para reaccionar de manera rápida, ágil, ante situaciones inesperadas, ante hechos disruptivos. Para ello, el trabajador debe optar por un pensamiento no parcelado, no reduccionista, no dividido; debiendo reconocer que todo es probable, que todo es posible, que no existe un solo futuro, que nada está acabado y completo, que la realidad no es absoluta, que cada persona manifiesta su realidad en función a sus percepciones, que el orden y el desorden coexisten, que todo sucede por algo, que el caos es necesario para pensar de manera diferente y que la crisis es una fuente inagotable de creatividad y oportunidad para hacer las cosas diferentes. Que el desorden se incrementa si la ilusión y el error nos gobiernan; que, a mayor nivel de entropía, se consume más energía ineficaz, creando un orden desorganizado y obstaculizando el logro del atractor.
Students’ Attitudes based on Adoption of Scientific Attitudes and Interested Expanding Time Learning Science
Authors: Erika E. , Kurniawan Edwin , Hanum Azizah
Published: January 2021

The purpose of this research is to look at the description of scientific attitudes possessed by students at SMPN 17 jambi city based on indicators of adoption of scientific attitudes and indicators of interest in increasing the time of science learning. This research is a quantitative study in which researchers use survey methods with data collection techniques using a questionnaire. The results of the 2 attitude indicators discussed in this study are indicators of the adoption of scientific attitudes of 62.5% of students categorized as good. While the interest in increasing science learning time by 66.4% of students is of sufficient category. Based on the results of research that has been conducted it can be concluded that students have adopted a good scientific attitude and have sufficient interest to increase their science learning time.
AN EVOLUTION OF THE CONCEPT OF THE DEPLOYMENT OF AN ARMED STRUGGLE AGAINST THE OCCUPATION REGIMES AMONG OUN(B) (1942–1944)
Authors: DROHOBYTSKYI Ihor
Published: January 2021

The article covers the features of the military doctrine formation of the national resistance movement's nationalist wing during World War II. The gradual process of forming a conscious conviction to create its own armed forces is outlined.

The specificity of the conceptual military developments of the nationalist movement's leadership in the objective circumstances of the time is emphasized. This predetermines the use of a comparative approach in the process of research.

Emphasized the importance of external and internal factors in the crystallization of the idea of the national army. Ideas about ways of achieving the goal of activities in the OUN(B) leadership environment in the designated chronological period are specified.

The role of external factors, in particular occupation regimes, in the process of formation of national armed forces is pointed out. Their presence led to the emergence and assertion of the inevitability of struggle on several fronts while gaining national statehood.

The vision of the role of the armed forces in the realization of the idea of ​​national statehood is represented by the representatives of the direction mentioned above of social and political life. The author stressed the tradition of fighting for the realization of the nation's state aspirations. Working on outlined topics and creating an objective picture of the national past relate to the essential aspects of the formation of a proper state position in society.
Keywords: armed struggle, army, statehood, resistance movement, nationalism, ideology, Ukrainian Insurgent Army, Ukrainian People's Self-Defense.
CULTURAL LIFE, ORGANIZATION OF LEISURE AND EVERYDAY LIFE IN THE HETMAN SAHAIDACHNYI NATIONAL ARMY ACADEMY
Authors: POLTAVETS Yurii
Published: January 2021

The paper investigates issues of organization of cadets' cultural life, leisure, and everyday life in the Hetman Sahaidachnyi National Army Academy (NAA) in Lviv. It is noted that the system of NAA's patriotic education is based on the idea of the development of Ukrainian statehood as a unifying factor in the development of Ukrainian society and the Ukrainian political nation. It is claimed that the main directions that provide the cultural development of the NAA cadets are: cycles of thematic events dedicated to the formation of cadets' love for the chosen profession and military job; courage lessons during meetings with veterans of World War ІІ, the NAA graduates, awarded state awards during the Anti-Terrorist Operation (ATO) in Eastern Ukraine; events to honor top cadets; involvement of cadets-participants of the ATO for carrying out educational military-patriotic activities for secondary school students; concerts and art competitions among the cadet units; sports celebrations and competitions, including international ones; Remembrance Days, especially in memoriam of the NAA graduates who died during the ATO; chaplains' pastoral counseling for military personnel and members of their families, religious and educational work, pastoral care and charity; using of such opportunities as clubs and libraries, rooms of military traditions, Lviv cultural and historical institutions (theaters, museums, cinemas, scientific and art exhibitions, churches, etc.), including the relevant infrastructure of the NAA, for organizing quality evening time, leisure on holidays and weekends.
Keywords: NAA, patriotic education, leisure, pastoral counseling, everyday life, educational and material base, cultural life, cadet
CONFRONTATION OF THE UPA (UKRAINIAN INSURGENT ARMY) WITH THE SOVIET PARTISANS AND THE POLES IN KAMIN-KASHYRSKYI DISTRICT (1943–1944)
Authors: BALETSKA Liudmyla
Published: January 2021

The article analyzes sources of the Ukrainian Insurgent Army's struggle against the Soviet partisans and Polish units on the territory of Kamin-Kashyrskyi district of the Volyn region during the Nazi occupation. The archival sources traced the formation of the Soviet partisan movement and the Polish nationalist underground, as well as the causes and course of the confrontation. A special place in the article is given to the Ukrainian-Polish confrontation.

The author analyzes the national composition of the Soviet partisan movement and the Polish population's participation in it. The main directions of the Ukrainian-Polish conflict are distinguished: the Poles' fight against the UPA as part of the German police and the Soviet partisan movement. The study identified relations between Ukrainians and Poles when the district's inhabitants were a part of the Polish state and at the beginning of World War II. The most large-scale military operations of the UPA soldiers with the Soviet partisans and the Polish units, the strategy, and tactics of their implementation have been outlined and systematized. An attempt has been made to classify military operations by chronological and problematic approach. The conclusions about the scale of military operations and their importance are made. The article focuses on the ideological confrontation between the UPA, the Soviet partisans, and the Polish underground formations, implementation of the ideological struggle methods. The article will be useful for a wide scientific community interested in the local history of the Ukrainian national liberation movement.
Keywords: Ukrainian National Liberation Movement, Ukrainian Insurgent Army, Polish units, the Soviet partisans, the Ukrainian-Polish confrontation, Kamin-Kashyrskyi area, German-Nazi occupation, military operation
MODA VE TEKSTİL SEKTÖRÜ ÖZELİNDE MARKA BAŞVURUSUNDA MUTLAK RET NEDENLERİ
Authors: KARAAHMETOĞLU Atanur
Published: January 2021

Moda, zamana ve mekana göre değişen, karmaşık bir yapısı bulunan bir olgudur. Moda olgusunun gelişiminde giysi biçimlerindeki yenilikler önemli rol oynamıştır. Farklı bir giyim tarzına sahip olma ve daha çok beğenilme düşüncesi moda akımlarının ortaya çıkmasına zemin hazırlamıştır. Bu nedenle, moda sektöründe marka imajının önemi giderek artmıştır. Tüketiciler de moda markasını tercih ederken marka imajından daha fazla etkilenmeye başlamıştır. Bu nedenle, moda sektöründe de işletmeler açısından markalaşmak oldukça önemli hale gelmiştir. Ancak, işletme ve teşebbüslerin moda sektöründe marka sahibi olması için marka başvurusu sırasında mutlak ret nedenlerinin bulunmaması gerekmektedir. Mutlak ret nedenleri kamu düzenine ilişkindir ve bu nedenle gerek uluslararası düzenlemelerle gerek ulusal düzenlemelerle koruma altına alınmıştır. Ülkemizde de mutlak ret nedenleri 6769 sayılı Sınai Mülkiyet Kanunu'nun 5. maddesinde, Avrupa Birliği Direktifleri ve Avrupa Birliği bünyesinde imzalanan sözleşmeler doğrultusunda hazırlanmıştır. Bu çalışmada 6769 sayılı SMK m. 5 hükmü kapsamında mutlak ret sebeplerinin neler olduğu konusu üzerinde durulmuştur. Bu doğrultuda, Avrupa Birliği Adalet Divanı tavsiye kararları ve Yargıtay kararları doğrultusunda bir değerlendirme yapılmıştır. Bunun yanında, mutlak ret nedenleri incelenirken moda ve tekstil sektöründen örnekler verilmiştir.
O Programa de Residência Pedagógica: Interface entre o conhecimento pedagógico e experiencial?
Authors: Tavares Andrezza Maria Batista do Nascimento , Lopes Rayssa Cyntia Baracho , Silva José Moisés Nunes da
Published: January 2021

Neste estudo, abordaremos a temática relacionada ao Programa de Residência Pedagógica (PRP), a partir do questionamento: interface entre o conhecimento pedagógico e experiencial?  Para tanto, temos como objetivo de pesquisa refletir sobre a relação que o Programa de Residência Pedagógica estabelece entre a formação profissional dos licenciandos e a aquisição do conhecimento experiencial da docência. No que concerne à metodologia, a pesquisa é de natureza qualitativa, subsidiada por revisão bibliográfica, com base nas proposições de Nóvoa, Tardif, Charlot e Imbernón, dentre outros, e análise documental, tendo como fontes leis, pareceres e o Edital CAPES PRP nº 06/2018. Diante do exposto, como resultados, o estudo sinaliza que o PRP compreende ciclos de formação inicial relevantes a partir da imersão direta de residentes no locus da profissão docente, estimulando a produção do conhecimento experiencial e a vivência de dinâmicas que impulsionam o desenvolvimento humano e o trabalho docente para a escola transformadora.
Malahit Yeşilinin Gideriminde Şeftali Çekirdeği Kabuğu: Karakterizasyon ve Kinetik İnceleme
Authors: KAVCI Erbil , DÖNMEZ Bünyamin , ÇİÇEKÇİ Ali , LAÇİN Ömer
Published: January 2021

Bu araştırmada, adsorbent olarak kullanılan şeftali çekirdeği kabuğu üzerine sulu ortamdaki malahit yeşilinin adsorpsiyonu amaçlanmıştır. Bunun için önce adsorbentin karakterizasyonu incelenmiş ve sonrasında adsorpsiyon prosesini etkileyen parametrelerden faydalanarak uygun bir kinetik model elde edilmiştir. Karakterizasyon çalışmalarında; Taramalı Elektron mikroskobu, Termal Gravimetri/Diferansiyel Taramalı Kalorimetri, Diferansiyel Termal Gravimetri, X-Işını Kırınımı ve Yüzey analizleri yapılmıştır. Termal Gravimetri/Diferansiyel Taramalı Kalorimetri analizleri ile, şeftali çekirdeğinin 25-150°C, 200-380°C ve 380-580°C sıcaklık aralıklarında bozunduğu gözlenmiştir. X-Işını Kırınımı analizleri sonucu ise, adsorbent yapısının amorf bir karaktere sahip olduğunu ortaya koymuştur. Ayrıca, yüzey analizleri ile, adsorbentin yüzey alanı, por hacmi ve ortalama por çapı değerleri belirlenmiştir. Adsorpsiyon prosesinin kinetiğinin belirlenmesi için, yaygın olarak kullanılan modeller incelenmiş ve kinetik modelin yalancı ikinci mertebeye uyduğu tespit edilmiştir. Elde edilen sonuçlar ışığında, endüstriyel anlamda sulu çözeltilerden malahit yeşilinin uzaklaştırılması hususunda şeftali çekirdeği kabuğunun oldukça katkı sağlayacağı söylenebilir.
Dispensary observation of patients with increased risk of tuberculosis who are registered in antituberculosis institutions of Russian Federation
Authors: Shilova M. V.
Published: January 2021

The provision of anti-tuberculosis care to the population of the Russian Federation has a largely preventive direction. Dispensary observation of population groups with an increased risk of tuberculosis is one of the most important sections of providing anti-tuberculosis care to the population. The materials on the organization and results of dispensary observation of patients with an increased risk of tuberculosis are presented: indicators of tuberculosis incidence and mortality and data on the reliability of some indicators. The factors influencing the results of dispensary observation of patients with an increased risk of tuberculosis in different groups of dispensary observation and the quality of preventive measures are considered. The data on the use of Diaskintest for the timely detection and diagnosis of active tuberculosis in children and the identification of children in the early period of tuberculosis infection are presented.
Mechanisms and factors of arterial hypertension development in patients with various types of morphologically verified glomerulonephritis
Authors: Teplova N. V. , Evsikov E. M. , Vechorko V. I. , Korsakova L. V. , Artamonova N. G.
Published: January 2021

The literature review provides scientific data on the main mechanisms of the development and progression of arterial hypertension in patients with glomerulonephritis, including genetically determined ones. The mechanisms of vascular kidney damage during the formation of hypertension with hyperuricemia and obesity have been specified. Morphological data are discussed according to which not only vascular damage to arterial structures, but also hyperplasia of intact glomeruli and changes in tubulointerstitium are involved in the formation of hypertension syndrome.
Phenotypic differentiation of patients with chronic heart failure
Authors: Voronina L. P. , Polunina O. S. , Bashkina O. A. , Polunina E. A. , Prokofieva T. V.
Published: January 2021

Objective. According to the results of a complex analysis of gender-anamnestic, clinical, biochemical and instrumental parameters using the cluster analysis method to identify phenotypes of chronic heart failure (CHF) in the examined patients.

Materials and methods. It was examined 345 patients with CHF with different left ventricular ejection fraction and 60 somatically healthy volunteers. For the study, groups of indicators were formed that most widely characterize the pathogenesis of CHF: gender-anamnestic and clinical, instrumental (echocardiographic study, study of the functional state of the vascular endothelium and skin microcirculation, calculation of the volume fraction of interstitial collagen), biochemical parameters of the functional state of the vascular endothelium, collagen balance, inflammation and oxidative stress.

Results. After the cluster analysis by the methods of hierarchical classification and k-means, we identified 4 clusters/phenotypes of CHF: fibrous-rigid, fibrous-inflammatory, inflammatory-destructive and dilatation-maladaptive. According to the results of the analysis of variance were identified 27 of the 48 indicators in which the level of statistical significance of intergroup differences (for the Fisher test) was less than 0.05, that is, indicators that make the greatest contribution to the division of patients with CHF into phenotypic groups.

Conclusion. Our analysis with the release of phenotypes indicates that patients with CHF with different phenotypes have clinical and pathogenetic features. The data obtained in the future can be used to determine the prognosis of the disease and the choice of tactics for the management and treatment of patients with CHF depending on the phenotype.
Main approaches to treatment of hypoxia in acute respiratory distress syndrome, bacterial and viral pneumonia (part I)
Authors: Vlasenko A. V. , Evdokimov E. A. , Rodionov E. Р.
Published: January 2021

The paper summarizes data on modern approaches to the diagnosis, prevention and treatment of severe acute parenchymal respiratory failure of various origins, including ARDS due to bacterial viral pneumonia. The work is based on the data of modern well-organized studies, analysis of international clinical guidelines with a high degree of evidence, as well as the results of our own long-term experimental studies and clinical observations of the treatment of patients with ARDS of various origins, including viral pneumonia of 2009, 2016, 2020. Scientifically grounded algorithms for prevention, differential diagnosis and personalized therapy of severe acute respiratory failure using innovative medical technologies and a wide range of respiratory and adjuvant treatment methods have been formulated. The authors tried to adapt as much as possible the existing current recommendations for the daily clinical practice of anesthesiologists and resuscitators.
Inflammatory bowel disease and obesity: current state of issue
Authors: Uspenskiy Yu. P. , Ivanov S. V. , Mayorova O. V. , Fominykh J. A.
Published: January 2021

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) has been always associated by clinicians with impaired absorption of nutrients, chronic blood loss from mucosal defects, asthenic syndrome and weight deficit. In recent decades the incidence of IBD has significantly increased, especially in developed countries, and this is believed to be partly due to diet and lifestyle global changes. The prevalence of obesity has increased in parallel with the growth of IBD. In the course of epidemiological and clinical studies was found that obesity affects the course of the disease and the response to therapy in patients with IBD. There is an increasing evidence of the active role of adipokines in pro – and anti-inflammatory processes in both obesity and autoimmune disease in the gastrointestinal tract. Despite the fact that the data found on the subject of coherence between IBD and obesity was contradictory, most studies confirm the correlation between obesity and high risks of surgery on the intestine, deterioration of drug absorption, and the development of perianal complications in patients with IBD. The clinical significance of this problem in the context of a steady increase of the incidences of obesity and IBD in Russia and the world as a whole, as well as research data, indicate in favor of the mutual burden of these diseases. The present article demonstrates results of the сore researches conducted on the subject and identifies current, unresolved issues, which demonstrate necessity of further experimental and clinical studies.
Control of the emission of elementary quantum systems using metamaterials and nanometaparticles
Authors: Klimov V V
Published: January 2021

The most important direction in the development of fundamental and applied physics is the study of the properties of optical systems at nanoscales for creating optical and quantum computers, biosensors, single-photon sources for quantum informatics, DNA sequencing devices, detectors of various fields, etc. In all these cases, nanosize light sources such as dye molecules, quantum dots (epitaxial or colloidal), color centers in crystals, and nanocontacts in metals are of utmost importance. In the nanoenvironment, the characteristics of these elementary quantum systems—pumping rates, radiative and nonradiative decay rates, the local density of states, lifetimes, level shifts—experience changes, which can be used to create nanosize light sources with the desired properties. Modern theoretical and experimental works on controlling the emission of elementary quantum systems with the help of plasmonic and dielectric nanostructures, metamaterials, and metamaterial nanoparticles are analyzed.
Axial Micromotion Locking Plate Construct Can Promote Faster and Stronger Bone Healing in an Ovine Osteotomy Model
Authors: Han Zhihua , Wu Jianhong , Deng Guoying , Bi Chun , Wang Jiandong , Wang Qiugen
Published: January 2021

Fixing bone fractures with controlled axial interfragmentary micromotion improves bone healing; however, the optimal type of implant construct for this purpose is still lacking. The present study describes a novel axial micromotion locking plate (AMLP) construct that allows axial interfragmentary micromotion of 0.3 or 0.6 mm. We investigated whether the AMLP constructs enhance bone healing compared to an ordinary locking plate (LP) using an ovine osteotomy model. The stiffness of the constructs was tested under axial loading. We created a 3-mm osteotomy in the left hind leg tibia of sheep that was then stabilized with a 0.3- or 0.6-mm AMLP or LP construct (n = 6/group). Bone healing was monitored weekly by X-ray radiography starting from week 3 after surgery. At week 9, the specimens were collected and evaluated by computed tomography and torsional testing. We found that the AMLPs had a lower stiffness than the LP; in particular, the stiffness of the 0.6-mm AMLP construct was 86 and 41% lower than that of the LP construct for axial loads <200 and >200 N, respectively. In the in vivo experiments, tibial osteotomies treated with the 0.6-mm AMLP construct showed the earliest maximum callus formation (week 5) and the highest volume of bone callus (9.395 ± 1.561 cm3 at week 9). Specimens from this group also withstood a 27% greater torque until failure than those from the LP group (P = 0.0386), with 53% more energy required to induce failure (P = 0.0474). These results demonstrate that AMLP constructs promote faster and stronger bone healing than an overly rigid LP construct. Moreover, better bone healing was achieved with an axial micromotion of 0.6 mm as compared to 0.3 mm.
Heterogeneous Reconstruction of Tracks and Primary Vertices With the CMS Pixel Tracker
Authors: Bocci A. , Innocente V. , Kortelainen M. , Pantaleo F. , Rovere M.
Published: January 2021

The High-Luminosity upgrade of the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) will see the accelerator reach an instantaneous luminosity of 7 × 1034 cm−2 s−1 with an average pileup of 200 proton-proton collisions. These conditions will pose an unprecedented challenge to the online and offline reconstruction software developed by the experiments. The computational complexity will exceed by far the expected increase in processing power for conventional CPUs, demanding an alternative approach. Industry and High-Performance Computing (HPC) centers are successfully using heterogeneous computing platforms to achieve higher throughput and better energy efficiency by matching each job to the most appropriate architecture. In this paper we will describe the results of a heterogeneous implementation of pixel tracks and vertices reconstruction chain on Graphics Processing Units (GPUs). The framework has been designed and developed to be integrated in the CMS reconstruction software, CMSSW. The speed up achieved by leveraging GPUs allows for more complex algorithms to be executed, obtaining better physics output and a higher throughput.
Intraseasonal Variability of the East Asia-Pacific Teleconnection and Its Impacts on Multiple Tropical Cyclone Genesis Over the Western North Pacific
Authors: Lin Xin , Wang Lan , Gao Jianyun , Chen Xiaoxiao , Zhang Wei
Published: January 2021

A daily East Asia–Pacific teleconnection (EAP) index was constructed to investigate the impact of the intraseasonal variability (ISV) of this index on the genesis of multiple tropical cyclones (MTC) in boreal summer over the western North Pacific (WNP). The result indicates that the EAP index has dominant intraseasonal periods of 10–20 days, 20–40 days and 50–70 days, respectively. The ISV of the EAP during 1979–2019 can be classified into three types, a single-period-domination type (37%), a multiple period coexistence type (24%) and a transition type (39%). It is found that during El Niño (La Niña) summers, the ISV of the EAP is dominated by a higher-frequency (lower-frequency) oscillation with a period of around 20–30 (50–70) days. The distinctive ISV characteristics during the different ENSO years were accompanied with different dynamic and thermodynamic background conditions over the WNP and the South China Sea, which modulated the frequency and location of MTC genesis. By examining the relative contributions of individual environmental variables of the Genesis Potential Index, we found that the low-level absolute vorticity and mid-level relative humidity are two important environmental factors modulating MTC genesis. However, the relative role of these variables tends to change with the EAP ISV phase. The environmental condition over the SCS appears less influenced by ENSO. A more southern location of MTC genesis during El Niño is attributed to the change of the environmental humidity.
Short-Term Monitoring of Geogenic Soil CO2 Flux in a Non-Volcanic and Seismically Inactive Emission Site, South Korea
Authors: Kim Chan Yeong , Yu Soonyoung , Oh Yun-Yeong , Chae Gitak , Yun Seong-Taek , Shinn Young Jae
Published: January 2021

Temporal changes of soil CO2 flux (FCO2) and soil CO2 concentration ([CO2]v) were surveyed in a natural CO2 emission site to characterize the factors controlling the short-term temporal variation of geogenic FCO2 in a non-volcanic and seismically inactive area. Due to a lack of long-term monitoring system, FCO2 was discontinuously measured for three periods: Ⅰ, Ⅱ at a high FCO2 point (M17) and Ⅲ about 30 cm away. Whereas [CO2]v was investigated at a point (60 cm depth) for all periods. A 2.1 magnitude earthquake occurred 7.8 km away and 20 km deep approximately 12 h before the period Ⅱ. The negative correlation of FCO2 with air pressure suggested the non-negligible advective transport of soil CO2. However, FCO2 was significantly and positively related with air temperature as well, and [CO2]v showed different temporal changes from FCO2. These results indicate the diffusive transport of soil CO2 dominant in the vadose zone, while the advection near the surface. Meanwhile [CO2]v rapidly decreased while an anomalous FCO2 peak was observed during the period Ⅱ, and the CO2 emission enhanced by the earthquake was discussed as a possible reason for the synchronous decrease in [CO2]v and increase in FCO2. In contrast, [CO2]v increased to 56.8% during the period Ⅲ probably due to low gas diffusion at cold weather. In addition, FCO2 was low during the period Ⅲ and showed different correlations with measurements compared to FCO2 at M17, implying heterogeneous CO2 transport conditions at the centimeter scale. The abnormal FCO2 observed after the earthquake in a seismically inactive area implies that the global natural CO2 emission may be higher than the previous estimation. The study result suggests a permanent FCO2 monitoring station in tectonically stable regions to confirm the impact of geogenic CO2 to climate change and its relation with earthquakes.
Effects of Thinning on Dynamics and Drought Resistance of Aspen-White Spruce Mixtures: Results From Two Study Sites in Saskatchewan
Authors: Comeau Philip G.
Published: January 2021

Drought stress associated with warm temperatures is causing increased mortality and reduced growth of trees in drier portions of the boreal forests of western Canada with both warming and drought expected to increase over the coming decades. While thinning is often shown to reduce drought stress, there is little information on its effects in stands comprised of mixtures of trembling aspen and white spruce that are common in the forests of this region. This study examined effects of pre-commercial thinning on aspen and spruce growth, response to drought stress, and stand dynamics for two study sites located in Saskatchewan, Canada. In unthinned plots aspen densities declined from initial densities of 40,000 to 200,000 trees ha−1 to 2,639 trees ha−1 at age 26. Twenty-one years after thinning (i.e., at age 26) diameter of aspen and spruce had increased, with largest trees being found at the lowest aspen densities (200 aspen ha−1 for aspen and 0 aspen ha−1 for spruce). Aspen density affected average height but not height of aspen top height trees. Spruce height decreased significantly with increasing aspen density. Crown width and live crown ratio of both aspen and spruce declined with increasing aspen density. Data from cores collected from aspen and spruce indicate significant positive effects of tree size (basal area at beginning of the year), and CMI (Climate Moisture Index) on basal area increment of both aspen and spruce while increasing aspen basal area (m2ha−1) had negative effects on aspen and spruce growth. Increasing tree size (basal area) and aspen competition (basal area ha−1) both had negative effects on drought resistance and resilience for both aspen and spruce. Yield projections provided by the Mixedwood Growth Model (MGM) suggest that the mixture of 1,500 aspen ha−1 and 1,000 spruce ha−1 has the potential to provide a 23% increase in total mean annual increment (MAI) with a single harvest at age 100, compared to unthinned aspen stands, but with a 44% reduction in spruce MAI compared to pure spruce stands. Thinning of aspen to densities below 4,000 trees ha−1 at age 5 resulted in reduced aspen yields but increased spruce yields.
The Effects of Feed Restriction and Isolated or Group Rearing on the Measurement of Individual Feed Intake and Estimation of Feed Conversion Ratio in Juvenile Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) for Selective Breeding Purposes
Authors: Rodde Charles , Vandeputte Marc , Trinh Trong Quoc , Douchet Vincent , Canonne Marc , Benzie John A. H. , de Verdal Hugues
Published: January 2021

Accurately measuring the phenotype at the individual level is critical to the success of selective breeding programs. Feed efficiency is a key sustainability trait and is typically approached through feed conversion ratio (FCR). This requires measurements of body weight gain (BWG) and feed intake (FI), the latter being technically challenging in fish. We assessed two of the principal methods for measuring feed intake in fish over consecutive days: (1) group rearing 10 fish per group and video recording the meals and (2) rearing fish individually on a restricted ration. Juvenile Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) from the Genetically Improved Farmed Tilapia (GIFT) strain and the Cirad strain were entered into the study (128 GIFT and 109 Cirad). The GIFT strain were reared over three consecutive periods of 7 days each under different feeding, recording, and rearing scenarios (i) in groups fed an optimal ration (g100) or (ii) fed a 50% restricted ration (g50) both with video records of all meals and (iii) reared in isolation and fed a 50% restrictive ration. The Cirad strain were tested similarly but only for scenarios (i) and (iii). All fish were fed twice daily with a calculated ration. Correlations showed the same trends for the GIFT and the Cirad strains. For the GIFT strain, correlations were positive and significant for BWG and FI measured in scenarios (i) and (ii), 0.49 and 0.63, respectively, and FI measured in scenarios (i) and (iii) (0.50) but not for BWG measured in scenarios (i) and (iii) (0.29, NS). The phenotypic correlation estimated for FCR between scenarios (i) and (ii) with fish fed an optimal or a 50% restricted ration was low and not significant (0.22). Feed Conversion Ratio for GIFT fish reared in groups or in isolation and fed with a restricted ration [scenarios (ii) and (iii)] were not significantly correlated either. Social interactions between fish, potentially impacting their efficiency, may explain the results. Therefore, selective breeding programs seeking to improve feed efficiency will need to carefully plan the feeding rate and the rearing system used to estimate FCR in order to optimize selection for the targeted production system.
Physiological Perspectives on the Use of Triheptanoin as Anaplerotic Therapy for Long Chain Fatty Acid Oxidation Disorders
Authors: Sklirou Evgenia , Alodaib Ahmad N. , Dobrowolski Steven F. , Mohsen Al-Walid A. , Vockley Jerry
Published: January 2021

Inborn errors of mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation (FAO) comprise the most common group of disorders identified through expanded newborn screening mandated in all 50 states in the United States, affecting 1:10,000 newborns. While some of the morbidity in FAO disorders (FAODs) can be reduced if identified through screening, a significant gap remains between the ability to diagnose these disorders and the ability to treat them. At least 25 enzymes and specific transport proteins are responsible for carrying out the steps of mitochondrial fatty acid metabolism, with at least 22 associated genetic disorders. Common symptoms in long chain FAODs (LC-FAODs) in the first week of life include cardiac arrhythmias, hypoglycemia, and sudden death. Symptoms later in infancy and early childhood may relate to the liver or cardiac or skeletal muscle dysfunction, and include fasting or stress-related hypoketotic hypoglycemia or Reye-like syndrome, conduction abnormalities, arrhythmias, dilated or hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, and muscle weakness or fasting- and exercise-induced rhabdomyolysis. In adolescent or adult-onset disease, muscular symptoms, including rhabdomyolysis, and cardiomyopathy predominate. Unfortunately, progress in developing better therapeutic strategies has been slow and incremental. Supplementation with medium chain triglyceride (MCT; most often a mixture of C8–12 fatty acids containing triglycerides) oil provides a fat source that can be utilized by patients with long chain defects, but does not eliminate symptoms. Three mitochondrial metabolic pathways are required for efficient energy production in eukaryotic cells: oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS), FAO, and the tricarboxylic (TCA) cycle, also called the Krebs cycle. Cell and mouse studies have identified a deficiency in TCA cycle intermediates in LC-FAODs, thought to be due to a depletion of odd chain carbon compounds in patients treated with a predominantly MCT fat source. Triheptanoin (triheptanoyl glycerol; UX007, Ultragenyx Pharmaceuticals) is chemically composed of three heptanoate (seven carbon fatty acid) molecules linked to glycerol through ester bonds that has the potential to replete TCA cycle intermediates through production of both acetyl-CoA and propionyl-CoA through medium chain FAO. Compassionate use, retrospective, and recently completed prospective studies demonstrate significant reduction of hypoglycemic events and improved cardiac function in LC-FAOD patients, but a less dramatic effect on muscle symptoms.
The Barley HvWRKY6 Transcription Factor Is Required for Resistance Against Pyrenophora teres f. teres
Authors: Tamang Prabin , Richards Jonathan K. , Solanki Shyam , Ameen Gazala , Sharma Poudel Roshan , Deka Priyanka , Effertz Karl , Clare Shaun J. , Hegstad Justin , Bezbaruah Achintya , Li Xuehui , Horsley Richard D. , Friesen Timothy L. , Brueggeman Robert S.
Published: January 2021

Barley is an important cereal crop worldwide because of its use in the brewing and distilling industry. However, adequate supplies of quality malting barley are threatened by global climate change due to drought in some regions and excess precipitation in others, which facilitates epidemics caused by fungal pathogens. The disease net form net blotch caused by the necrotrophic fungal pathogen Pyrenophora teres f. teres (Ptt) has emerged as a global threat to barley production and diverse populations of Ptt have shown a capacity to overcome deployed genetic resistances. The barley line CI5791 exhibits remarkably effective resistance to diverse Ptt isolates from around the world that maps to two major QTL on chromosomes 3H and 6H. To identify genes involved in this effective resistance, CI5791 seed were γ-irradiated and two mutants, designated CI5791-γ3 and CI5791-γ8, with compromised Ptt resistance were identified from an M2 population. Phenotyping of CI5791-γ3 and -γ8 × Heartland F2 populations showed three resistant to one susceptible segregation ratios and CI5791-γ3 × -γ8 F1 individuals were susceptible, thus these independent mutants are in a single allelic gene. Thirty-four homozygous mutant (susceptible) CI5791-γ3 × Heartland F2 individuals, representing 68 recombinant gametes, were genotyped via PCR genotype by sequencing. The data were used for single marker regression mapping placing the mutation on chromosome 3H within an approximate 75 cM interval encompassing the 3H CI5791 resistance QTL. Sequencing of the mutants and wild-type (WT) CI5791 genomic DNA following exome capture identified independent mutations of the HvWRKY6 transcription factor located on chromosome 3H at ∼50.7 cM, within the genetically delimited region. Post transcriptional gene silencing of HvWRKY6 in barley line CI5791 resulted in Ptt susceptibility, confirming that it functions in NFNB resistance, validating it as the gene underlying the mutant phenotypes. Allele analysis and transcript regulation of HvWRKY6 from resistant and susceptible lines revealed sequence identity and upregulation upon pathogen challenge in all genotypes analyzed, suggesting a conserved transcription factor is involved in the defense against the necrotrophic pathogen. We hypothesize that HvWRKY6 functions as a conserved signaling component of defense mechanisms that restricts Ptt growth in barley.
The Therapeutic Potential of Regulatory T Cells: Challenges and Opportunities
Authors: Bayati Fatemeh , Mohammadi Mahsa , Valadi Maryam , Jamshidi Saeid , Foma Arron Munggela , Sharif-Paghaleh Ehsan
Published: January 2021

Regulatory T cells (Tregs) are an immunosuppressive subgroup of CD4+T cells which are identified by the expression of forkhead box protein P3 (Foxp3). The modulation capacity of these immune cells holds an important role in both transplantation and the development of autoimmune diseases. These cells are the main mediators of self-tolerance and are essential for avoiding excessive immune reactions. Tregs play a key role in the induction of peripheral tolerance that can prevent autoimmunity, by protecting self-reactive lymphocytes from the immune reaction. In contrast to autoimmune responses, tumor cells exploit Tregs in order to prevent immune cell recognition and anti-tumor immune response during the carcinogenesis process. Recently, numerous studies have focused on unraveling the biological functions and principles of Tregs and their primary suppressive mechanisms. Due to the promising and outstanding results, Tregs have been widely investigated as an alternative tool in preventing graft rejection and treating autoimmune diseases. On the other hand, targeting Tregs for the purpose of improving cancer immunotherapy is being intensively evaluated as a desirable and effective method. The purpose of this review is to point out the characteristic function and therapeutic potential of Tregs in regulatory immune mechanisms in transplantation tolerance, autoimmune diseases, cancer therapy, and also to discuss that how the manipulation of these mechanisms may increase the therapeutic options.
Tropomodulin1 Expression Increases Upon Maturation in Dendritic Cells and Promotes Their Maturation and Immune Functions
Authors: Liu Xianmei , Xia Xue , Wang Xifu , Zhou Jing , Sung Lanping Amy , Long Jinhua , Geng Xueyu , Zeng Zhu , Yao Weijuan
Published: January 2021

Dendritic cells (DCs) are the most potent antigen-presenting cells. Upon maturation, DCs express costimulatory molecules and migrate to the lymph nodes to present antigens to T cells. The actin cytoskeleton plays key roles in multiple aspects of DC functions. However, little is known about the mechanisms and identities of actin-binding proteins that control DC maturation and maturation-associated functional changes. Tropomodulin1 (Tmod1), an actin-capping protein, controls actin depolymerization and nucleation. We found that Tmod1 was expressed in bone marrow-derived immature DCs and was significantly upregulated upon lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced DC maturation. By characterizing LPS-induced mature DCs (mDCs) from Tmod1 knockout mice, we found that compared withTmod1+/+mDCs, Tmod1-deficient mDCs exhibited lower surface expression of costimulatory molecules and chemokine receptors and reduced secretion of inflammatory cytokines, suggesting that Tmod1 deficiency retarded DC maturation. Tmod1-deficient mDCs also showed impaired random and chemotactic migration, deteriorated T-cell stimulatory ability, and reduced F-actin content and cell stiffness. Furthermore, Tmod1-deficient mDCs secreted high levels of IFN-β and IL-10 and induced immune tolerance in an experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) mouse model. Mechanistically, Tmod1 deficiency affected TLR4 signaling transduction, resulting in the decreased activity of MyD88-dependent NFκB and MAPK pathways but the increased activity of the TRIF/IRF3 pathway. Rescue with exogenous Tmod1 reversed the effect of Tmod1 deficiency on TLR4 signaling. Therefore, Tmod1 is critical in regulating DC maturation and immune functions by regulating TLR4 signaling and the actin cytoskeleton. Tmod1 may be a potential target for modulating DC functions, a strategy that would be beneficial for immunotherapy for several diseases.
Dynamics of Systemic Inflammation as a Function of Developmental Stage in Pediatric Acute Liver Failure
Authors: Vodovotz Yoram , Barclay Derek , Yin Jinling , Squires Robert H. , Zamora Ruben
Published: January 2021

The Pediatric Acute Liver Failure (PALF) study is a multicenter, observational cohort study of infants and children diagnosed with this complex clinical syndrome. Outcomes in PALF reflect interactions among the child’s clinical condition, response to supportive care, disease severity, potential for recovery, and, if needed, availability of a suitable organ for liver transplantation (LTx). Previously, we used computational analyses of immune/inflammatory mediators that identified three distinct dynamic network patterns of systemic inflammation in PALF associated with spontaneous survivors, non-survivors (NS), and LTx recipients. To date, there are no data exploring age-specific immune/inflammatory responses in PALF. Accordingly, we measured a number of clinical characteristics and PALF-associated systemic inflammatory mediators in daily serum samples collected over the first 7 days following enrollment from five distinct PALF cohorts (all spontaneous survivors without LTx): infants (INF, <1 year), toddlers (TOD, 1–2 years.), young children (YCH, 2–4 years), older children (OCH, 4–13 years) and adolescents (ADO, 13–18 years). Among those groups, we observed significant (P<0.05) differences in ALT, creatinine, Eotaxin, IFN-γ, IL-1RA, IL-1β, IL-2, sIL-2Rα, IL-4, IL-6, IL-12p40, IL-12p70, IL-13, IL-15, MCP-1, MIP-1α, MIP-1β, TNF-α, and NO2−/NO3−. Dynamic Bayesian Network inference identified a common network motif with HMGB1 as a central node in all sub-groups, with MIG/CXCL9 being a central node in all groups except INF. Dynamic Network Analysis (DyNA) inferred different dynamic patterns and overall dynamic inflammatory network complexity as follows: OCH>INF>TOD>ADO>YCH. Hypothesizing that systemically elevated but sparsely connected inflammatory mediators represent pathological inflammation, we calculated the AuCon score (area under the curve derived from multiple measures over time divided by DyNA connectivity) for each mediator, and identified HMGB1, MIG, IP-10/CXCl10, sIL-2Rα, and MCP-1/CCL2 as potential correlates of PALF pathophysiology, largely in agreement with the results of Partial Least Squares Discriminant Analysis. Since NS were in the INF age group, we compared NS to INF and found greater inflammatory coordination and dynamic network connectivity in NS vs. INF. HMGB1 was the sole central node in both INF and NS, though NS had more downstream nodes. Thus, multiple machine learning approaches were used to gain both basic and potentially translational insights into a complex inflammatory disease.