bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Synthesis and Structure of New Trimethylplatinum(IV) Iodide Complexes of 2,2′‐Bipyridine Ligands
Authors: Ghosh Biswa Nath
Published: September 2019

The synthesis and structural characterization of four new trimethylplatinum(IV) iodide complexes of 2,2′‐bipyridine ligands {[PtMe3(4,4′‐Clbipy)I] (1), [PtMe3(4,4′‐Brbipy)I] (2), [PtMe3(4,4′‐CNbipy)I] (3) and [PtMe3(4,4′‐NO2bipy)I] (4)} are reported. The 1H NMR spectra of the complexes reveal the presence of two chemically distinct methyl groups in the complexes. X‐ray crystal structures of complexes 1–4 show that the platinum metal center in each of the complexes form distorted octahedral structure being surrounded by methyl groups, bipyridine ligand, and iodine atom. Furthermore, the crystal packing study shows that self‐assembly of the complexes are governed by weak hydrogen bonding and other non‐covalent interactions such as π···π, halogen···π and C–H···π interactions. Complex 1 exhibits infinite one‐dimensional zigzag chain structure and other three complexes form infinite ladder type structures.
The Importance of Spatial Data to Open-Access National Archaeological Databases and the Development of Paleodemography Research
Authors: Robinson Erick , Nicholson Christopher , Kelly Robert L.
Published: September 2019

With generous support from the National Science Foundation, we have spent the past four years developing an archaeological radiocarbon database for the United States. Here, we highlight the importance of spatial data for open-access, national-scale archaeological databases and the development of paleodemography research. We propose a new method for analyzing radiocarbon time series in the context of paleoclimate models. This method forces us to confront one of the central challenges to realizing the full potential of national-scale databases: the quality of the spatial data accompanying radiocarbon dates. We seek to open a national discussion on the use of spatial data in open-source archaeological databases.
Extension of classical stability theory to viscous planar wall-bounded shear flows
Authors: Lee Harry , Wang Shixiao
Published: September 2019

A viscous extension of Arnold’s inviscid theory for planar parallel non-inflectional shear flows is developed and a viscous Arnold’s identity is obtained. Special forms of the viscous Arnold’s identity have been revealed that are closely related to the perturbation’s enstrophy identity derived by Synge (Proceedings of the Fifth International Congress for Applied Mechanics, 1938, pp. 326–332, John Wiley) (see also Fraternaleet al.,Phys. Rev. E, vol. 97, 2018, 063102). Firstly, an alternative derivation of the perturbation’s enstrophy identity for strictly parallel shear flows is acquired based on the viscous Arnold’s identity. The alternative derivation induces a weight function. Thereby, a novel weighted perturbation’s enstrophy identity is established, which extends the previously known enstrophy identity to include general streamwise translation-invariant shear flows. Finally, the validity of the enstrophy identity for parallel shear flows is rigorously examined and established under global nonlinear dynamics imposed with two classes of wall boundary conditions. As an application of the enstrophy identity, we quantitatively investigate the mechanism of linear instability/stability within the normal modal framework. The investigation reveals a subtle interaction between a critical layer and its adjacent boundary layer, which determines the stability nature of the disturbance. As an implementation of the relaxed wall boundary conditions imposed for the enstrophy identity, a control scheme is proposed that transitions the wall settings from the no-slip condition to the free-slip condition, through which a flow is stabilized quickly in an early stage of the transition.
“Watch It Again and Again, Watch It a Thousand Times”: Riffing Off Appadurai’s Views on Repeat Viewing
Authors: Kabir Ananya Jahanara
Published: September 2019

This response to Arjun Appadurai’s paradigm piece “The Ready-Made Pleasures of déjà vu” turns on the example of the classic Bollywood song ‘Baar baar dekho’ (“Watch it again and again,”
Chinatown, 1962), to elaborate on the pleasures of cinematic repetition captured by Appadurai’s interest in “repeat viewing,” or “watching as if for the second time.” By proffering the template of “call and response,” which derives from Africanist kinesthetic principles, in dialogue with Appadurai’s appeal to an Indic investment in “re-call and re-turn,” I examine how the protocols and structures of “spontaneous” improvisation constitute a shared yet divergent basis for a global, modern politics of pleasure. Through this strategy of placing in percussive play two cultural systems of rhythmic repetition, I posit the redemptive potential of repetition as difference as an answer to political mobilizations of repetition against difference.
On Happiness
Authors: Forna Aminatta
Published: September 2019

The publication of Happiness in 2019 marked a near twenty-year immersion in narratives that dealt with notions of war and trauma, an inquiry that began with a memoir The Devil that Danced on the Water (2002), written at the time of the civil conflict in Sierra Leone, and continuing through four novels, culminating in Happiness. In The Memory of Love and through the character of British psychologist Adrian Lockheart, a trauma specialist who arrives in Sierra Leone in the wake of the conflict, I engaged most directly with conceptual notions of trauma. It is in this novel that Attila Asare, a Ghanaian psychiatrist who runs a mental health facility in postwar Sierra Leone, makes his first appearance. Some years later, following publication of the Croatian-set novel The Hired Man, I found myself compelled to return to the character of Asare and the subject of trauma in my most recent novel, Happiness.
The Politics of Form in Assia Djebar’s L’Amour, la fantasia
Authors: Hazel Alexa
Published: September 2019

This article calls attention to the categorical confinement of Algerian novelist, historian, and feminist Assia Djebar (1936–2015), and argues that the politicization of Djebar’s text has contributed to the relative obscurity of her work. Following a call by Françoise Lionnet to reimagine the relationship between politics and aesthetics in critical response, I analyze modified repetition—rhyme, recall, echo, imitation, and mirror—as a formal device in L’Amour, la fantasia. In its third section, this paper, drawing from Rita Felski’s discussion of the four types of activities in which academics engage, argues for the importance of formal comparison in postcolonial scholarship. In attending to the particulars of Djebar’s text, so as to privilege connection, postcolonial scholars might increase her exposure and broaden the reach of postcolonial theory.
Radiocarbon Dating and the Protection of Cultural Heritage
Authors: Hajdas Irka , Jull A J Timothy , Huysecom Eric , Mayor Anne , Renold Marc-André , Synal Hans-Arno , Hatté Christine , Hong Wan , Chivall David , Beck Lucile , Liccioli Lucia , Fedi Mariaelena , Friedrich Ronny , Maspero Francesco , Sava Tiberiu
Published: September 2019

The modern antiquities market uses radiocarbon (14C) dating to screen for forged objects. Although this fact shows the potential and power of the method, the circumstances where it is applied can be questionable and call for our attention. Here we present an outline of a call to radiocarbon laboratories for due diligence and best practice approaches to the analysis of antique objects requested by non-research clients.
Governance in a Partially Globalized World
Authors: Keohane Robert O.
Published: September 2019

Facing globalization, the challenge for political science resembles that of the founders of the United States: how to design institutions for a polity of unprecedented size and diversity. Globalization produces discord and requires effective governance, but effective institutions are difficult to create and maintain. Liberal-democratic institutions must also meet standards of accountability and participation, and should foster persuasion rather than rely on coercion and interest-based bargaining. Effective institutions must rely on self-interest rather than altruism, yet both liberal-democratic legitimacy and the meaning of self-interest depend on people’s values and beliefs. The analysis of beliefs, and their effect on institutional outcomes, must therefore be integrated into institutional analysis. Insights from branches of political science as diverse as game theory, rational-choice institutionalism, historical institutionalism, and democratic theory can help political scientists understand how to design institutions on a world—and human—scale.
Process Preferences and American Politics: What the People Want Government to Be
Authors: Hibbing John R.
Published: September 2019

We present evidence of the kind of governmental processes Americans would like to see in Washington. People believe they have been excluded from current processes, but they do not want direct democracy. The extent to which individuals believe actual processes are inconsistent with their own process preferences is an important variable in understanding the current public mood. Moreover, individual-level differences in level of dissatisfaction with democratic processes help explain variations in public approval of government and in willingness to comply with the outputs of government. Of course, many political attitudes and behaviors are influenced by fondness for the policies that government produces, but it is also the case that sentiments and actions are affected by the way government produces those policies. Far from being merely a means to a policy end, governmental process is important in its own right.
Money Matters: Consequences of Campaign Finance Reform in U.S. House Elections. By Robert K. Goidel, Donald A. Gross, and Todd G. Shields. Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield, 1999. 215p. $62.00 cloth, $19.95 paper.
Authors: Nelson Candice J.
Published: September 2019

In an era when campaign finance reform is widely discussed
by politicians, political scientists, and journalists, Money
Matters provides a timely and thoughtful analysis of several
reform proposals. The central focus is on the effect that
spending limits, matching funds, full public funding, and
partial public funding with spending limits would have on
electoral competition, voter turnout, and voter involvement
in elections to the House of Representatives.
Passages to the Presidency: From Campaigning to Governing. By Charles O. Jones. Washington, DC: Brookings, 1998. 224p. $39.95 cloth, $16.95 paper.
Authors: Barilleaux Ryan J.
Published: September 2019

The American political system has many features that set it
apart from other governments of the world, but not all are
equally apparent. One distinctive aspect is the length and
importance of the transition period from one presidential
administration to another. In most countries the passage of
power occurs almost as soon as the election results are known
(consider, e.g., the rapid assumption of power by President
Kostunica after Slobodan Milosevic admitted defeat in the
September 2000 Yugoslav election), but in the United States
roughly ten weeks elapse between the election and inaugu-
ration. The American approach, as Charles Jones puts it in
this outstanding book, is to transfer power at a "leisurely
pace."
Defending Government: Why Big Government Works. By Max Neiman. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall, 2000. 260p. $27.00 paper.
Authors: Pierce John C.
Published: September 2019

Max Neiman provides a concise, well-written, and compre-
hensive critical analysis of "the conservative attack on the
public sector, especially its explanation for and evaluation of
the size and growth of the public sector in the United States"
(p. viii). In doing so, however, he only partially fulfills what is
promised in the subtitle, namely, explaining why big govern-
ment works. Rather than explicitly assess the reasons for goal
achievement in a variety of policy areas, as the title implied to
me, Neiman focuses on why we have big government and on
the various critiques of that size. To be sure, the book is
appropriate for upper division and graduate courses in
political science, public policy, or public administration.
Good Advice: Information and Policy Making in the White House. By Daniel E. Ponder. College Station: Texas A&M University Press, 2000. 244p. $39.95.
Authors: Rudalevige Andrew
Published: September 2019

That the amount and nature of the information reaching the
president matters for the choices he makes is hardly disputed,
but translating this insight into analysis has been slow work.
This is true especially in comparison to other subfields (e.g.,
legislative studies), which in making use of the new institu-
tionalism have stressed information by highlighting the roles
institutions play in ameliorating the uncertainty rampant in
political decision making. Daniel Ponder's new book, then, is
particularly welcome. Good Advice asks some critical ques-
tions: What did the president know, and how did he come to
know it? Equally important, how did that matter?
Revolutionizing the Family: Politics, Love, and Divorce in Urban and Rural China, 1949–1968. By Neil J. Diamant. Berkeley: University of California Press, 2000. 458p. $55.00.
Authors: Shue Vivienne
Published: September 2019

This is a thoroughly revisionist study, in the best sense of the
word. Starting from the conviction that a close look at
marriage and divorce in China can open "a wide window onto
what might be called the `interface' between state and
society" (p. 14), Diamant sets out to capture a better sense of
the quality of "everyday interactions between citizen and
state" (p. 15). He uses these observations to shed light on
larger questions about the degree to which citizens in differ-
ent social strata may have regarded the state as legitimate or
illegitimate, as well as the extent to which state interventions
designed to alter power relations in both rural and urban
society were effective.
Reconstructing Citizenship: The Politics of Nationality Reform and Immigration in Contemporary France. By Miriam Feldblum. Albany, NY: SUNY Press, 1999. 227p. $54.50 cloth, $17.95 paper.
Authors: Miller Mark J.
Published: September 2019

As recently as a quarter-century ago, virtually no one knew or
cared about French nationality law and policy. But in the
wake of the May-June events of 1968 there was a prise de
conscience about international migration and its effects upon
French society and the immigrants themselves. New Order,
the then quite obscure extreme rightist group, began to
organize protest rallies against illegal immigration. In 1974,
the post of Secretary of State for Immigration was created to
symbolize the growing concern accorded international migra-
tion by the French government. Successive governments,
whether rightist or leftist in orientation, pledged to recover
control over migration.
Privatization South American Style. By Luigi Manzetti. New York: Oxford University Press, 2000. 373p. $74.00.
Authors: Murillo M. Victoria
Published: September 2019

Luigi Manzetti fills an important gap in the literature on
market reforms in Latin America by providing a comparative
analysis of privatization in Argentina, Brazil, and Peru. He
engages the literature on economic reform in developing
countries by focusing on the implementation of this single
policy and complements a burgeoning scholarship on the
economics of privatization in the region. The main contribu-
tion lies in underlining the relevance of political factors for
explaining the success of privatization policies. The "South
American" style, he suggests, reinforces the view of those
who, like John Williamson and Stephen Haggard ("The
Political Conditions of Economic Reform," in Williamson,
ed. The Political Economy of Reform, 1994) and Guillermo
O'Donnell ("Delegative Democracy," Journal of Democracy 5
[January 1994]: 53­69), associate the rapid implementation
of market reforms with the concentration of executive au-
thority at the expense of the checks and balances of liberal
democracies.
After the Deluge: Regional Crises and Political Consolidation in Russia. By Daniel S. Treisman. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 1999. 262p. $57.50.
Authors: Remington Thomas F.
Published: September 2019

Daniel Treisman offers an ingenious explanation for the fact
that the Russian Federation held together after the collapse
of the Soviet regime. Unlike the three other ethnic federa-
tions in the communist world-Yugoslavia, Czechoslovakia,
and the USSR itself-the Russian Federation, which was the
largest of the 15 nationally based constituent republics in the
Soviet Union, avoided disintegration. Many observers in the
early 1990s feared the same pressures that had led to
powerful separatist movements among the Soviet republics
would prove too strong for the fragile central government to
resist. Yet, Russia managed to maintain itself as a federal
state, albeit weak. The one constituent republic in which
separatism ultimately led to armed confrontation was Chech-
nia, where a brutal war began in 1994, paused in 1996, and
erupted again in 1999.
The Spiral of Capitalism and Socialism: Toward Global Democracy. By Terry Boswell and Christopher Chase-Dunn. Boulder, CO: Lynne Rienner, 2000. 281p. $55.00 cloth, $23.50 paper.
Authors: Thompson William R.
Published: September 2019

In introductory international relations courses, we were once
accustomed to contrast three alternative approaches: realism,
liberalism, and Marxism. The collapse of the Soviet Union
and the proclaimed triumph of liberal politicoeconomic ideas
has led to a deemphasis on the third paradigm or, in some
cases, its substitution by constructivism. But, contrary to
Fukuyama, history has not quite ended. Neo-Marxist inter-
pretations of international relations persist, and new and
interesting ones continue to emerge. The latest entry,
Boswell and Chase-Dunn's new book, is a case in point. As
long-time and leading contributors to world systems theory,
they employ their theoretical interpretation of modern his-
tory (the last 500 years) to explain what went wrong with
socialism and how the socialist strategy might still be salvaged
in a future world-system (with a hyphen).
Exploring European Social Policy. By Robert R. Geyer. Cambridge, UK: Polity Press, 2000. 272p. $50.00 cloth, $14.99 paper.
Authors: Walters William
Published: September 2019

Social scientific interest in "social Europe" pales in compar-
ison with the attention that has been directed toward the
economic and political dimensions of the European Union
(EU). This is perhaps hardly surprising; for much of its
relatively short history, the system that is today the EU has
been almost exclusively economic in its focus. Only since the
1980s has the project of European integration acquired a
significant social dimension. Given this imbalance, Robert
Geyer provides a welcome and timely addition to the litera-
ture.
Taiwan’s Informal Diplomacy and Propaganda. By Gary D. Rawnsley. New York: St. Martin’s, 2000. 182p. $65.00.
Authors: Copper John F.
Published: September 2019

This book assesses how Taiwan, the nation officially known as
the Republic of China but called "Taiwan Province" in the
People's Republic of China, uses propaganda to pursue
foreign policy objectives, attain its national interests, and,
even more than that, survive.
Globalizing Concern for Women’s Human Rights: The Failure of the American Model. By Diana G. Zoelle. New York: St. Martin’s, 2000. 169p. $49.95.
Authors: Robinson Fiona
Published: September 2019

It is difficult to argue with Diana Zoelle's claim that liberal
democracy, as conceived and developed in the United States,
is a problematic model in globalizing concern for women's
human rights. Moreover, when she suggests that U.S. ratifi-
cation of the International Convention on the Elimination of
All Forms of Discrimination against Women (CEDAW),
although not a panacea for the attainment of full equality,
would constitute an important step toward alleviating wom-
en's oppression, she is probably correct. Finally, although her
claim that the potential currently exists to accord human
rights to all people in a world community that is less torn
apart by bipolar enmity, less subverted by ideological ten-
sions, and less compromised by the economic priorities of
multinational corporations is probably not correct, one can-
not help wishing that it were.
Election spending and freedom of expression
Authors: Ghaleigh Navraj Singh
Published: September 2019

WITH the imminent incorporation of the European Convention on Human Rights and the recent publication of the Report of the Neill Committee on Standards in Public Life (Cm 4057), these are exciting, if fluid, times for those with an interest in party political funding. In tandem these initiatives will begin the long overdue process of reform to the law and practice of elections in the UK. A key difficulty awaiting the new regime is one long familiar to many other Western democracies, namely how to regulate election spending whilst preserving the integrity of an entrenched right to freedom of expression, a question recently considered by the European Court of Human Rights in Bowman v. UK (141/1996/762/959).
Government of foreign state–proof of existence
Authors: Hopkins John
Published: September 2019

THE State speaks with one voice in international law. And that voice, of course, is the executive's, usually, but not invariably, that of the Foreign and Commonwealth Office (FCO). Upon a variety of matters a certificate as to certain facts issued by the executive will be regarded by the courts as conclusive of them. This function was, historically, a matter of common law though there are now several statutory provisions in that regard, most notably the Diplomatic Privileges Act 1964 s. 4 and the State Immunity Act 1978 s. 21 identifying defendants who will have immunity from the jurisdiction (see [1998] C.L.J. 4).
REINING IN THE BOLAM TEST
Authors: KEOWN JOHN
Published: September 2019

Bolitho v. City and Hackney Health Authority [1997] 3 W.L.R. 1151 is a landmark authority on medical negligence, chiefly in respect of the standard of care.
Negligent misstatement–a healthier decision for company directors
Authors: Payne Jennifer
Published: September 2019

THE decision of the House of Lords in Williams v. Natural Life Health Foods Ltd. [1998] 1 W.L.R. 830, reversing the Court of Appeal's decision ([1997] 1 B.C.L.C. 131), examines the issue of an agent's liability for negligent misstatement. Of course, agents will be personally responsible for their own negligence, even if that tort is committed while on the principal's business, but what is their responsibility for the negligence of their principal? Logically the answer is “none”, and certainly in a company context statements made by directors on behalf of their companies have traditionally led to liability for the principal alone: “a company director is only to be held personally liable for the company's negligent misstatements if the plaintiffs can establish some special circumstances setting the case apart from the ordinary . . .” ([1997] 1 B.C.L.C. 131, 152 per Hirst L.J.). The Court of Appeal's decision in Williams, however, threatened to expand this category of “special circumstances” to such an extent as to make personal liability the norm for directors, at least in the context of small companies.
The Ultra Vires Doctrine in a Constitutional Setting: Still the Central Principle of Administrative Law
Authors: Elliott Mark
Published: September 2019

There is currently a good deal of disagreement concerning the constitutional justification for judicial review in English law. The ultra vires doctrine holds that review is simply a function of legislative intention. In contrast, a number of commentators argue that administrative law is a body of judge-made common law which is unrelated to the will of Parliament. The truth lies somewhere between these two poles.

The traditional ultra vires doctrine is unsatisfactory because, inter alia, it is unrealistic to assert that judicial review constitutes nothing more than the implementation of legislative intention. However, the attempt of some commentators to exclude intention from the justification for review is equally deficient since this is an affront to the sovereignty of Parliament. By locating the interpretative methodology of ultra vires within its proper constitutional setting and by recognising the importance of the rule of law to the process of statutory construction, it is possible to articulate an explanation of judicial review which is consistent with Parliament's legislative supremacy while avoiding the shortcomings of the traditional ultra vires principle (notably its inability satisfactorily to explain the derivation of the grounds of review; the courts' treatment of ouster clauses; the development of administrative law across time, and the extension of judicial review to non-statutory powers).
Making Rights Real: The Courts, Remedies, and the Human Rights Act
Authors: Leigh Ian , Lustgarten Laurence
Published: September 2019

Dicey is not fashionable these days, and for understandable reasons. The cocktail of utilitarianism and positivism, the amalgam of Bentham and Austin, that he produced led inexorably to the proclamation of unlimited parliamentary supremacy. This is widely, though with much exaggeration, conceived to be the major prop of authoritarian government. It is also, more correctly, seen as hostile to the idea of human rights possessed by persons against governments. In one sense, the decision to incorporate the European Convention on Human Rights into UK domestic law is an authoritative repudiation of the Diceyian heritage.
Public Assembly: The New Highway Code
Authors: Hare Ivan
Published: September 2019

The Criminal Justice and Public Order Act 1994, which attracted so much controversy during its passage, continued to provoke dissent in the first case to reach the House of Lords on the interpretation of its public order provisions. The question in Director of Public Prosecutions v. Jones [1999] 2 W.L.R. 625 was the extent of the public's right to use the highway and, more specifically, whether a public assembly may constitute a lawful user.
Former Head of Foreign State–Extradition–Immunity
Authors: Hopkins John
Published: September 2019

Senator Pinochet, former President of Chile, when undergoing medical treatment in London, was arrested on warrants issued by Metropolitan Stipendiary Magistrates. The authorities of Spain had sought his extradition to Spain to stand trial, principally, for his allegedly having authorised, when President of Chile, the torture in Chile of many persons, including Spanish citizens. Pinochet challenged the warrants by way of judicial review proceedings; the Divisional Court quashed them by certiorari on the ground that, as former head of State, he was immune from the jurisdiction of the English courts. The House of Lords allowed an appeal in part by a bare majority (Lords Nicholls and Steyn with whom Lord Hoffmann concurred, Lords Slynn and Lloyd dissenting: R. v. Bow Street Metropolitan Stipendiary Magistrate, ex p. Pinochet [1998] 2 W.L.R. 825, henceforth Pinochet (1)). That ruling was set aside “on the ground that the Committee was not properly constituted” (ex p. Pinochet (No. 2) [1999] 1 All E.R. 577); a rehearing of the appeal took place before a differently constituted Judicial Committee (ex p. Pinochet (No. 3) [1999] 2 W.L.R. 827). It, by a large majority (Lords Browne-Wilkinson, Hope, Hutton, Saville, Millett and Phillips, Lord Goff dissenting), also allowed the appeal in part.
Unburdening Defendants with the Human Rights Act: Premature Implementation?
Authors: Hare Ivan
Published: September 2019

Although opinion is divided on the significance of the incorporation of the European Convention on Human Rights (“the Convention”), most agree that the Human Rights Act 1998 is likely to have its greatest influence on the criminal justice process. The latest and best word on the implementation date of the principal sections of the Act is 2 October 2000, but its impact on the exercise of statutory discretion has already been felt as a result of the Divisional Court's decision in R. v. Director of Public Prosecutions, ex p. Kebilene [1999] 3 W.L.R. 175.
Gifts and the Law of Theft
Authors: Smith A.T.H.
Published: September 2019

An unscrupulous woman battened on to a somewhat simple-minded, wealthy man, and cajoled him into parting with large amounts of his recently acquired wealth. The gifts that he made to her were, it seems, perfectly valid ones. It is astonishing then to find that she was, according to the Court of Appeal in Hinks [1998] Crim.L.R. 904, properly convicted of theft. How did this apparently absurd result come about?
Parliamentary Privilege and Defamation
Authors: Bamforth Nicholas
Published: September 2019

In the past five years, the conceptual ambiguities of Parliamentary privilege have come to haunt the courts with a vengeance. Ancient constitutional questions such as what constitutes a “proceeding” in Parliament and what counts as “questioning” a proceeding–encapsulated in colourful nineteenth-century cases like Stockdale v. Hansard (1839) 9 Ad.&E. 1, the Case of the Sheriff of Middlesex (1840) 11 Ad.&E. 273, and Bradlaugh v. Gossett (1884) 12 Q.B.D. 271–have been at the forefront of a clutch of recent decisions. In Prebble v. Television New Zealand [1995] 1 A.C. 321, the Privy Council gave new bite to Parliamentary privilege by ruling (in relation to the New Zealand Parliament) that it would be an abuse of both Article 9 of the 1689 Bill of Rights–which prohibits courts from questioning the freedom of speech and debates or proceedings in Parliament–and of a broader principle of mutuality of respect between Parliament and the judiciary, to allow any party to litigation to “bring into question anything said or done in the House by suggesting (whether by direct evidence, cross-examination, inference or submission) that the actions or words were inspired by improper motives or were untrue or misleading” (above, at 337). As a result, domestic courts stayed two libel actions brought by Members of Parliament, on the basis that the claims and defences involved raised issues whose investigation would infringe Parliamentary privilege (see, e.g., Allason v. Haines, The Times, 25 July 1995). Parliament responded by enacting section 13 of the Defamation Act 1996, allowing individual MPs to waive Parliamentary privilege in order to bring defamation actions. But in an apparent reassertion of the spirit of Prebble, the Court of Appeal expressly approved–albeit outside the context of defamation–the Privy Council's wide definition of privilege as a matter of domestic law (R. v. Parliamentary Commissioner for Standards, ex p. Fayed [1998] 1 W.L.R. 669, noted [1998] C.L.J. 6).
Collecting Banks, Conversion and Confusion
Authors: Hooley Richard
Published: September 2019

The collection of cheques can be a risky business. The collecting bank is exposed to the risk of liability if the person who delivers the cheque for collection has no title, or a defective title, to the instrument. A prime example is where the cheque has been stolen. The “true owner” of the cheque (usually the person who owned the cheque at the time of the theft) may claim damages from the bank for conversion of the piece of paper on which the cheque is written, when it is deemed to have a value equal to the amount for which the cheque is drawn; alternatively, he may claim recovery of the proceeds of the cheque received by the bank in an action for money had and received. In either case the collecting bank's liability is strict.
The Justiciability of Foreign Copyright Claims
Authors: Fentiman Richard
Published: September 2019

When can English defendants be sued in England for the infringement of a foreign copyright? They were once immune, for two distinct reasons. English law formerly governed liability even for foreign torts, the effect of the rule in Phillips v. Eyre (1870) L.R. 6 Q.B. 1. Such claims were therefore pointless because English copyright protection extends only to English infringements; English law, although in principle applicable, could not be applied. Less convincingly, foreign intellectual property rights, like rights in foreign land, were generally regarded as non-justiciable under the rule in British South Africa Co. v. Cia. de Moçambique [1893] A.C. 602.
For Sale: Caveat Emptor!
Authors: Tee Louise
Published: September 2019

The system of land registration was, according to Lord Wilberforce in Williams & Glyn's Bank v. Boland [1981] A.C. 487, 503, “designed to free the purchaser from the hazards of notice–real or constructive–which, in the case of unregistered land, involved him in enquiries, often quite elaborate, failing which he might be bound by equities”. The hapless purchaser of land may well consider the remedy just as hazardous as the complaint. Certainly, in the light of Ferrishurst Ltd. v. Wallcite Ltd. [1999] 2 W.L.R. 667, no obituary can yet be written for elaborate enquiries.
Similar Fact Evidence: Identity Cases and Striking Similarity
Authors: Munday Roderick
Published: September 2019

English law sets out from the proposition that, lest it prejudice the tribunal, the prosecution in a criminal case may not adduce evidence that an accused has committed any wrongdoing other than the offence(s) actually charged. Although other misconduct evidence is still supposed only to be admitted if strongly relevant to the issues being tried, over the years the courts have steadily relaxed this self-denying ordinance. Most recently, in D.P.P. v. P [1992] 2 A.C. 447 Lord Mackay L.C. abandoned the view espoused by members of the House of Lords in D.P.P. v. Boardman [1975] A.C. 421 that other misconduct evidence may only be adduced if it displays a “striking similarity” to the misconduct charged. He declared that in determining its admissibility a judge had only to consider whether the probative force of the other misconduct was “sufficiently great to make it just to admit the evidence, notwithstanding that it is prejudicial to the accused in tending to show that he was guilty of another crime” (p. 460).
THE PRICE REVOLUTION IN THE OTTOMAN EMPIRE RECONSIDERED
Authors: Pamuk Şevket
Published: September 2019

The Price Revolution of the 16th century has been the subject of one of the most enduring
debates in European historiography and, more recently, in the historiography of the world
economy. That European prices, expressed in grams of silver, increased by more than 100
percent—and in some countries, by more than 200 percent—from the beginning of
the 16th century to the middle of the 17th century has been well established and broadly accepted.
In countries that experienced currency debasements, overall inflation was proportionately higher,
reaching, in some cases, 600 percent or more for the entire period.
HISHAM M. NAZER, Power of a Third Kind: The Western
Attempt to Colonize the Global Village (Westport, Conn.: Praeger, 1999). Pp. 176.
Authors: RUBENBERG CHERYL A.
Published: September 2019

Hisham Nazer, chairman of the Nazer Group of Saudi Arabia, former minister of planning,
former minister of petroleum, and chairman of Saudi Aramco, has written a powerful and
provocative book. In this highly original tour de force, Nazer analyzes the deleterious effects of
the technological globalization of information on the cultural integrity of Third World nations and
sets forth a strategy of resistance for the developing world. The work is directed at intellectuals in
these countries, whom he challenges to “not just exist in this world; [but to]
create our own world.” Rejecting the narrow definition of culture as
“object-focused” acts and artifacts, he argues that culture should be understood as
“the collective and dynamically active perspectives of living individuals.”
HASSAN N. DIAB, Beirut: Reviving Lebanon's Past
(Westport, Conn.: Praeger Publishers, 1999). Pp. 144. $55.00 cloth, $19.95 paper.
Authors: ABISAAB MALEK
Published: September 2019

The fifteen-year civil war in Lebanon and its destructive social effects have called for
soul-searching by many Lebanese. Hassan Diab explores the regional and international economic
developments that caused political instability and led to episodes of civil strife and social upheaval
in Lebanon from the late Ottoman period until recent times. Further, Diab promises to assess the
revival of Beirut's past through the governmental project of Rafiq Hariri known as Horizon
2000, and the ramifications of reconstructing downtown Beirut in the aftermath of the civil war.
Diab raises a number of legitimate concerns about the validity and necessity of these projects and
the extent to which they can prevent the eruption of a civil war in the future.
GEERT JAN VAN GELDER, Of Dishes and Discourse: Classical Arabic Literary Representations of Food, Curzon Studies in Arabic and Middle-Eastern Literatures (Richmond, Surrey: Curzon Press, 2000). Pp. 185. Price not available.
Authors: BOULLATA ISSA J.
Published: September 2019

In this book Geert Jan van Gelder, Laudian Professor of Arabic at the University of Oxford,
studies how Arab–Islamic culinary culture was represented in Arabic literature. He thus
contributes to our knowledge of both Arabic literature and, indirectly, Arab–Islamic
gastronomy and cookery. Although representations of food as such are not the finest aspects of
Arabic literature, and the preparation and consumption of food are not the finest aspects of
Arab–Islamic civilization, his perspective throws light on little-studied facets of
Arab–Islamic culture that are worth noting.
THEODORE LEVIN, The Hundred Thousand Fools of God: Musical Travels in Central Asia (and Queens, New York) (Bloomington and Indianapolis: Indiana University Press, 1996, repr. 1999). Pp. 335.
Authors: WRIGHT OWEN
Published: September 2019

As the first general introduction to the musical worlds of the successor states to Soviet
Central Asia, this admirable work fills an important gap. Moreover, it does so in an individual and
highly attractive way, eschewing the would-be objectivity of a dryly analytical monograph in favor
of a looser framework of travel accounts, each rich in specific and revelatory detail but, at the
same time, developing a series of thematic constants. To cover all of Central Asia in this way
would have been an impossible task, however, and what we are presented with is in essence an
exploration of widely separated and contrasting urban and rural areas of Uzbekistan supplemented
by forays into northern Tajikistan. Beginning in Tashkent, the itinerary proceeds successively
through Bukhara, Surxandarya, and Qashkandarya in the south, and Khorezm; then to Tajikistan
(the Upper Zaravshan and Yagnâb, and Shahristan); and finally (following the fortunes of
Bukharan Jewish émigré musicians) to New York.
BARRY RUBIN, The Transformation of Palestinian Politics: From Revolution to State-Building (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1999). Pp. 288. $29.95 cloth.
Authors: BRYNEN REX
Published: September 2019

I must admit that when I first read this book, I didn't like it. As the footnotes quickly
indicate, the bulk of the research derives from secondary sources, either from the Israeli and
Western press or from FBIS/WNC translations from the Arabic press. Virtually no interview
material is used—strange, indeed, when one considers that the author lives within an hour
of almost all the major political actors discussed in the study. And although some reference is
made to public-opinion polls, it is disappointing that greater use has not been made of the
voluminous survey data collected by the Center for Palestine Research and Studies and the
Jerusalem Media and Communications Center—the richest such troves in the Arab world.
ŞEVKET PAMUK, A Monetary History of the Ottoman
Empire, Cambridge Studies in Islamic Civilization (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press,
2000). Pp. 301. $69.95 cloth.
Authors: Blake Stephen P.
Published: September 2019

The title of Şevket Pamuk's book is misleading. Far from restricting himself to
monetary phenomena—interest rates, coinage, inflation, and availability of
specie—the author has chosen to cast his study of money during the Ottoman period
(1300–1918) in the widest possible terms. Viewing some of the crucial issues of Ottoman
economic and political history through a monetary lens has produced new and interesting
insights—in some cases, the result is a revision of old arguments—but on other
matters, Pamuk has produced provocative new hypotheses. Furthermore, the book offers a timely
addition to the rapidly developing field of global history. Although most of Pamuk's
comparative remarks relate to early modern Europe, his study establishes a benchmark against
which the analyses of monetary and economic phenomena in the other two early modern Middle
Eastern states—the Mughal and the Safavid—can be measured.
LAILA PARSONS, The Druze Between Palestine and Israel,
1947–49, St Antony's Series (New York: St. Martin's Press, 2000). Pp.
197. $65.00 cloth.
Authors: Toth Anthony B.
Published: September 2019

Laila Parsons situates her study alongside those of the so-called new historians of the
Arab– Israeli conflict who in recent years have rewritten large parts of the dominant
narratives of the “traditionalist” historians. One of elements of these narratives has
been the assumption that the struggle between Arabs and Jews was a starkly bipolar affair, with a
relatively small number of Jews in conflict with a much larger, monolithic population of Arabs.
Recent “revisionist” works, however, have shown that this interpretation is
inaccurate. For example, an integral part of Zionist policy was to make contact with various Arab
leaders and groups before, during, and after the emergence of the State of Israel and forge
relationships that could advance the movement's geopolitical agenda. Scholars who have
worked on this question include Avi Shlaim (Collusion across the Jordan: King Abdullah, the
Zionist Movement, and the Partition of Palestine and The Politics of Partition: King
Abdullah, the Zionists and Palestine, 1921–1951) and Kirsten Schulze (Israel's Covert Diplomacy in Lebanon). In The Druze Between Palestine and Israel, a compact and narrowly focused study based on the author's doctoral thesis, Parsons skillfully employs archival sources in Israel, as well as published accounts in English, Arabic, and Hebrew, to show how Zionist officials developed relationships with Druze leaders and representatives and how these links could benefit both sides.
GAIL MINAULT, Secluded Scholars: Women's Education and Muslim Social Reform in Colonial India (Delhi: Oxford University Press, 1998). Pp. 373. $35.00 cloth, $14.95 paper.
Authors: Ali Kamran Asdar
Published: September 2019

The Urdu novelist and short story writer Intizar Hussayn, in his story “Ihsan
Manzil,” describes the anxiety produced in a northern Indian Muslim community when a
magazine arrives addressed to the daughter of a respectable household. Set in the early part of the
20th century, the story depicts how the Muslim woman's name on the envelope, exposed as
it was to the whole world, became a metaphor for modernity, the public, and the outside
penetrating Muslim moral boundaries and domestic ethos. Similar to Hussayn's incisive
depiction of changes within Indian Muslim households, Gail Minault gives us a sense of how
religious reform, expanding opportunities for education for both genders, and colonial
modernization in the first half of the 20th century undermined and challenged traditional aspects
of middle-class Muslim life in northern India.
LICENTIOUS AND UNBRIDLED PROCEEDINGS: THE ILLEGAL SLAVE TRADE TO MAURITIUS AND THE SEYCHELLES DURING THE EARLY NINETEENTH CENTURY
Authors: ALLEN RICHARD B.
Published: September 2019

Census and other demographic data are used to estimate the volume of
the illegal slave trade to Mauritius and the Seychelles from Madagascar and the
East African coast between 1811 and c. 1827. The structure and dynamics of this
illicit traffic, as well as governmental attempts to suppress it, are also discussed.
The Mauritian and Seychellois trade is revealed to have played a greater role in
shaping Anglo-Merina and Anglo-Omani relations between 1816 and the early
1820s than previously supposed. Domestic economic considerations, together with
British pressure on the trade's sources of supply, contributed to its demise.
LINGUISTIC EVIDENCE AND HISTORICAL RECONSTRUCTION
Authors: VANSINA JAN
Published: September 2019

A Green Place, a Good Place: Agrarian Change, Gender and Social Identity in the
Great Lakes Region to the Fifteenth Century. By David Lee
Schoenbrun. Portsmouth, NH: Heinemann: Oxford: James Currey, 1998. Pp. xiv+301.
£40 (ISBN 0-325-00041-7); £15.95, paperback (ISBN 0-325-00040-9).

An African Classical Age: Eastern and Southern Africa in World History, 1000 B.C.
to A.D. 400. By Christopher Ehret. Charlottesville: University Press of
Virginia; Oxford: James Currey, 1998. Pp. xvii+354. £35 (ISBN 0-8139-1814-6).

Recently several historical reconstructions based on linguistic evidence and dealing
with ancient times have been published in African history. In 1998 alone there are
the two books reviewed here as well as a major work by Gerda Rossel. Linguistic
sources contribute much to the recovery of aspects of the past, which would
otherwise remain out of reach, and the standard methodologies of historical
linguistics are well known to readers of this journal. Yet in practice many
historians remain all too often disconcerted by such studies because they have
great difficulty in evaluating them: i.e. in linking assertions made to the evidence
provided and so to establish the credibility of such statements. This is not just
because many historians are unfamiliar with linguistic evidence but because all the
evidence necessary for evaluation is usually not available in the work studied, and
often enough authors do not clearly indicate where it can be found. Indeed
sometimes it is not available at all. In such cases one has to take the statements
made by the authors on faith: one believes the author or not. That is clearly
unacceptable. For is it not a fundamental rule in history writing that assertions
must be substantiated and hence evidence must be cited or provided? Any work
without substantiation cannot be considered to be a work of history at all.
Church Historians of the Early Twentieth Century: Adolf von Harnack (1851–1930)
Authors: FREND W. H. C.
Published: September 2019

As in every other branch of learning, the study of the early history
of Christianity has undergone massive changes during the last
century. This has been due not only to the vast accumulation of
knowledge through new discoveries, but to new approaches to the subject,
together with the rise of archaeology as a principal factor in providing
fresh information. The study of the early Church has as a result moved
steadily from dogma to history, from attempts to interpret divine
revelation through the development of doctrinal orthodoxy down the
ages, to research into the historical development of an earthly institution
of great complexity and of great significance in the history of mankind
over the past two thousand years.