bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Survey of Tele-Critical Care State and Needs in 2019 and 2020 Conducted among the Members of the Society of Critical Care Medicine
Authors: Laudanski Krzysztof , Scruth Elizabeth , Winterbottom Fiona , Rastrepo Mariana , Dugar Siddharth , Herasevich Vitaly , Villanueva Israel , Armaignac Donna Lee , Scott Benjamin K.
Published: August 2022

The study’s objective was to assess facilitators and barriers of Tele-Critical Care (TCC) perceived by SCCM members. By utilizing a survey distributed to SCCM members, a cross-sectional study was developed to analyze survey results from December 2019 and July 2020. SCCM members responded to the survey (n = 15,502) with a 1.9% response rate for the first distribution and a 2.54% response rate for the second survey (n = 9985). Participants (n = 286 and n = 254) were almost equally distributed between non-users, providers, users, and potential users of TCC services. The care delivery models for TCC were similar across most participants. Some consumers of TCC services preferred algorithmic coverage and scheduled rounds, while reactive and on-demand models were less utilized. The surveys revealed that outcome-driven measures were the principal form of TCC performance evaluation. A 1:100 (provider: patients) ratio was reported to be optimal. Factors related to costs, perceived lack of need for services, and workflow challenges were described by those who terminated TCC services. Barriers to implementation revolved around lack of reimbursement and adequate training. Interpersonal communication was identified as an essential TCC provider skill. The second survey introduced after the onset pandemic demonstrated more frequent use of advanced practice providers and focus on performance measures. Priorities for effective TCC deployment include communication, knowledge, optimal operationalization, and outcomes measurement at the organizational level. The potential effect of COVID-19 during the early stages of the pandemic on survey responses was limited and focused on the need to demonstrate TCC value.
Efficacy of Eltrombopag in Children with Post-Stem Cell Transplant Prolonged Isolated Thrombocytopenia
Authors: Matsumoto Megumi , Terada Kazuki , Tsuchimochi Taichiro , Takahashi Satoko , Noguchi Yasushi , Igarashi Shunji
Published: August 2022

Prolonged isolated thrombocytopenia (PIT) is a complication following allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation that results in prolonged transfusion dependence. Recently, the efficacy of a thrombopoietin receptor agonist (eltrombopag) against PIT has been reported in adults; however, there are few reports in children. A 4-year-old male pediatric patient diagnosed with congenital pure red cell aplasia underwent allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation. Neutrophil engraftment was observed on post-transplant Day 26; however, platelet counts remained <10 × 109/L. Transfusions were required 1–2 times a week for at least 4 months. On post-transplant Day 124, oral eltrombopag (up to 2.4 mg/kg/day) was initiated. Thereafter, the platelet counts were maintained at ≥10 × 109/L, and the patient became transfusion independent. At 2 years and 6 months after the oral administration, no chromosomal abnormalities, thromboembolism, or myelofibrosis was observed. Thus, eltrombopag can be a potential treatment option for pediatric PIT.
Clinical Epidemiology Characteristics and Etiology of Febrile Neutropenia in Children: Analysis of 421 Cases
Authors: Nguyen Sang Ngoc , Vu Lam Tung , Vu Quang Van , Tran Tham Thi , Dinh Vi Tuong Thi
Published: August 2022

The congenital immune system includes neutrophils, which perform a variety of functions. Congenital and acquired neutropenia are rare illnesses with an underestimated prevalence in children. The aim of this study is to examine the epidemiology and etiology of febrile neutropenia in children at Haiphong Children’s Hospital, Haiphong, Vietnam. Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out on 421 febrile neutropenia children. Clinical and laboratory characteristics were examined. Results: The median age (IQR) was 25.0 (12.5–59.5) months. The male-to-female ratio was 1.35/1. There were twice as many children living in the suburbs (66.98%) as in urban areas (33.02%). The mean (SD) temperature at admission was 38.50 ± 0.59 °C. Diagnosed causes associated with neutropenia included acute respiratory infections 250 (59.45%), gastrointestinal infections 68 (16.1%), erythema 37 (8.79%), acute leukemia 15 (3.56%), urinary tract infection 5 (1.19%), and encephalitis/meningitis 4 (0.95%). Viral etiology accounted for 61.52% (259): influenza type A—50.19% (130), influenza type B—31.27% (81), dengue virus—14.67% (38), measles virus 1—93% (5), rotavirus—1.54% (4), and EBV—0.4% (1). Twenty-five patients (5.94%) were found to have bacteria in their cultures, with Streptococcus pneumonia being the most common (eight patients; 32%). Conclusions: Febrile neutropenia was common in children under 2 years old. Primary clinical manifestations were acute upper respiratory tract infections, and viruses most commonly caused febrile neutropenia. Further studies with larger sample sizes are needed to determine the cause of febrile neutropenia.
Refined Zoning of Landslide Susceptibility: A Case Study in Enshi County, Hubei, China
Authors: Wang Zhiye , Ma Chuanming , Qiu Yang , Xiong Hanxiang , Li Minghong
Published: August 2022

At present, landslide susceptibility assessment (LSA) based on the characteristics of landslides in different areas is an effective prevention measure for landslide management. In Enshi County, China, the landslides are mainly triggered by high-intensity rainfall, which causes a large number of casualties and economic losses every year. In order to effectively control the landslide occurrence in Enshi County and mitigate the damages caused by the landslide. In this study, eight indicators were selected as assessment indicators for LSA in Enshi County. The analytic hierarchy process (AHP) model, information value (IV) model and analytic hierarchy process-information value (AHP-IV) model were, respectively, applied to assess the landslide distribution of landslides in the rainy season (RS) and non-rainy season (NRS). Based on the three models, the study area was classified into five levels of landslide susceptibility, including very high susceptibility, high susceptibility, medium susceptibility, low susceptibility, and very low susceptibility. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was applied to verify the model accuracy. The results showed that the AHP-IV model (ROC = 0.7716) was more suitable in RS, and the IV model (ROC = 0.8237) was the most appropriate model in NRS. Finally, combined with the results of landslide susceptibility in RS and NRS, an integrated landslide susceptibility map was proposed, involving year-round high susceptibility, RS high susceptibility, NRS high susceptibility and year-round low susceptibility. The integrated landslide susceptibility results provide a more detailed division in terms of the different time periods in a year, which is beneficial for the government to efficiently allocate landslide management funds and propose effective landslide management strategies. Additionally, the focused arrangement of monitoring works in landslide-prone areas enable collect landslide information efficiently, which is helpful for the subsequent landslide preventive management.
Predictors of Depression Level among Community-Dwelling Elderly Persons
Authors: Liu Chin-Chen , Lin Yi-Tung , Cheng Kung-Chuan , Pan Hsueh-Hsing , Chiou Chou-Ping
Published: August 2022

Elderly people in the community have difficulty taking care of themselves because of their inability to care for themselves in daily life as well as their poor social support system, which leads to loneliness, resulting in depression. The primary objective was to investigate the level of depression and related factors among community-dwelling elderly persons (CDEP). This was a cross-sectional study, and 150 participants were interviewed. The questionnaires included demographics, the Functional Independence Measure, the Interpersonal Support Evaluation List, the UCLA Loneliness Scale, and the Geriatric Depression Scale Short Form. It was found that participants with different levels of depression accounted for 26%, and education level, living status, chronic disease, daily life function, social support, and loneliness were all significant factors influencing the depression level among the CDEP that could significantly predict 63.4% of the variation in depression level. Nursing staff must understand the level of depression and its influencing factors, encourage the elderly in the community to increase social networks, and integrate leisure into their lives, thereby enhancing the sense of value and meaning of life and reducing feelings of loneliness and depression.
A Study on Job Stress Factors Caused by Gender Ratio Imbalance in a Female-Dominated Workplace: Focusing on Male Airline Flight Attendants
Authors: Lee Kieun , Choi Jinyoung Olivia , Hyun Sunghyup Sean
Published: August 2022

This study investigated the factors that cause job stress among male flight attendants in a female-dominated airline organization, as well as the impact of job stress on their mental health and turnover intention. It also attempted to determine whether perceived family support, perceived organizational support, and job positions had moderating effects on male flight attendants’ job stress. Six job stress factors were identified through focus group interviews and a literature review. A survey was conducted from 1 January to 2 February 2022 to validate the research model, and 188 valid samples were used for statistical analysis. This study discovered that gender differences in communication, relationship conflict with colleagues, hierarchical organizational culture, and role overload had a direct impact on male flight attendants’ job stress. Job stress was found to have a negative impact on mental health and a positive impact on turnover intention. Perceived organizational support was also found to reduce job stress. This study is notably the first to address stress encountered by male flight attendants at work. It offers new directions for future airline personnel management and research. It also presents practical implications, such as the development of training and personnel management programs for male flight attendants.
Professional Development for Teachers of Gifted Education in Hong Kong: Instrument Validation and Training Effectiveness
Authors: Cheung Alan Chi Keung , Shek Daniel Tan Lei , Hui Anna Na Na , Leung Kim Hung , Cheung Ruby Shui Ha
Published: August 2022

Project GIFT is a pioneer research-based gifted education program which has been found to be effective in fostering holistic development of students in Hong Kong. Nevertheless, little is known whether the Project is beneficial to teachers. To investigate the changes in teachers after participating in the Project, we adopted a quasi-experimental design with pretest and posttest data collected from experimental and control groups in this study. A total of 2031 primary and secondary school teachers participated in the professional development program of the Project. They completed validated measures on teachers’ knowledge of and attitudes toward gifted education, teaching behaviors, characteristics and competencies, in addition to well-being before and after participating in the program. Results of one-way ANCOVA showed that the program could promote teachers’ knowledge of gifted education and specific teaching strategies to gifted learners. This study provides preliminary support for the program in promoting holistic professional development of participating teachers in gifted education. The theoretical and practical implications of the findings are discussed.
Activation of Bisulfite with Pyrophosphate-Complexed Mn(III) for Fast Oxidation of Organic Pollutants
Authors: Guo Qianli , Qi Xianhu , Zhang Jian , Sun Bo
Published: August 2022

Aqueous complexes of Mn(III) ion with ligands exist in various aquatic systems and many stages of water treatment works, while HSO3− is a common reductant in water treatment. This study discloses that their encounter results in a process that oxidizes organic contaminants rapidly. Pyrophosphate (PP, a nonredox active ligand) was used to prepare the Mn(III) solution. An approximate 71% removal of carbamazepine (CBZ) was achieved by the Mn(III)/HSO3− process at pH 7.0 within 20 s, while negligible CBZ was degraded by Mn(III) or HSO3− alone. The reactive species responsible for pollutant abatement in the Mn(III)/HSO3− process were SO4•− and HO•. The treatment efficiency of the Mn(III)/HSO3− process is highly related to the dosage of HSO3− because HSO3− acted as both the radical scavenger and precursor. The reaction of Mn(III) with HSO3− follows second-order reaction kinetics and the second-order rate constants ranged from 7.5 × 103 to 17 M−1 s−1 under the reaction conditions of this study, suggesting that the Mn(III)/HSO3− process is an effective process for producing SO4•−. The pH and PP:Mn(III) ratio affect the reactivity of Mn(III) towards HSO3−. The water background constituents, such as Cl− and dissolved organic matter, induce considerable loss of the treatment efficiency in different ways.
A New Approach to Diagnosis to Posterior Cross Bite: Intraoral Photography and Wala Ridge
Authors: Ramón Rocío , Adanero Alberto , Miegimolle Mónica
Published: August 2022

A posterior crossbite is an occlusion disorder that occurs in the transverse plane. It occurs when the buccal cusps of the upper premolars and molars engage lingually with the buccal cusps of the lower teeth. It can be unilateral or bilateral (involving one or more teeth) in the primary, mixed, or permanent dentition. A crossbite may appear in early dentition stages and it can be dental or functional. It can lead to skeletal crossbite in mixed dentition. Therefore, early diagnosis and treatment are crucial. Material and methods: The selected sample included 204 patients in growing stage divided into two groups: a study group of 102 patients with posterior crossbite and a control group of 102 patients without malocclusion. To analyze the pathology, intraoral frontal photographs and study models were taken, in which the bone component was measured from the Wala Ridge. Results: The use of the photographs to study the Wala Ridge was confirmed. The mean maxillary width was 57.8 mm (SD 1.7) and mandibular width was 56.4 mm (SD 1.7) for the control group, with a maxillomandibular difference of 1.4 mm (SD 0.7); and 52.7 mm (SD 3.7) and 55.5 mm (SD 3.6), respectively, with a maxillomandibular difference of −2.8 mm (SD 1.4) for the study group. A higher maxillomandibular discrepancy was observed in patients with a posterior crossbite that involved more than one tooth in addition to the permanent first molar. It was also higher in patients with bilateral posterior crossbite. Conclusions: Intraoral frontal photography can be used as a diagnostic method to measure the maxillomandibular difference using the Wala Ridge.
Pharmacological and In Silico Analysis of Oat Avenanthramides as EGFR Inhibitors: Effects on EGF-Induced Lung Cancer Cell Growth and Migration
Authors: Trabalzini Lorenza , Ercoli Jasmine , Trezza Alfonso , Schiavo Irene , Macrì Giulia , Moglia Andrea , Spiga Ottavia , Finetti Federica
Published: August 2022

Avena sativa L. is a wholegrain cereal and an important edible crop. Oats possesses high nutritional and health promoting values and contains high levels of bioactive compounds, including a group of phenolic amides, named avenanthramides (Avns), exerting antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer activities. Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) represents one of the most known oncogenes and it is frequently up-regulated or mutated in human cancers. The oncogenic effects of EGFR include enhanced cell growth, angiogenesis, and metastasis, and down-regulation or inhibition of EGFR signaling has therapeutic benefit. Front-line EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor therapy is the standard therapy for patients with EGFR-mutated lung cancer. However, the clinical effects of EGFR inhibition may be lost after a few months of treatment due to the onset of resistance. Here, we showed the anticancer activity of Avns, focusing on EGFR activation and signaling pathway. Lung cancer cellular models have been used to evaluate the activity of Avns on tumor growth, migration, EMT, and anoikis induced by EGF. In addition, docking and molecular dynamics simulations showed that the Avns bind with high affinity to a region in the vicinity of αC-helix and the DGF motif of EGFR, jeopardizing the target biological function. Altogether, our results reveal a new pharmacological activity of Avns as EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors.
Improving the Management of Endometrial Cancer Patients through the Use of Liquid Biopsy Analyses: A Case Report
Authors: Casas-Arozamena Carlos , Cortegoso Alexandra , Piñeiro-Perez Raquel , Abalo Alicia , Arias Efigenia , Sampayo Victoria , Vilar Ana , Bouso Marta , Diaz Eva , Moreno-Bueno Gema , López-López Rafael , Muinelo-Romay Laura , Abal Miguel , Cueva Juan
Published: August 2022

Endometrial cancer (EC) is the 4th most common neoplasm of the female genital tract, with 15–20% of patients being of high risk of recurrence which leads to a significant decrease in patient survival. Current therapeutic options for patients with EC are poor, being the combined therapy of carboplatin and paclitaxel the standard of care, with limited efficacy. Therefore, new therapeutic options and better monitoring tools are needed to improve the management of the disease. In the current case report, we showcase the value of liquid biopsy analyses in a microsatellite instability EC patient with initially good prognosis that however underwent rapid progression disease within 6 months post-surgery; through the study of plasma cfDNA/ctDNA dynamics to assess the tumour evolution during treatment, as well as the study of the uterine aspirate as a valuable sample that captures the intra-tumour heterogeneity that allows a comprehensive genomic profiling of the disease to identify potential therapeutic options. Furthermore, preclinical models were generated at the time of tumour progression to assess the efficacy of the identified targeted therapies.
Osteostatin Inhibits M-CSF+RANKL-Induced Human Osteoclast Differentiation by Modulating NFATc1
Authors: Ibáñez Lidia , Nácher-Juan Josep , Terencio María Carmen , Ferrándiz María Luisa , Alcaraz María José
Published: August 2022

Parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTHrP) C-terminal peptides regulate the metabolism of bone cells. PHTrP [107–111] (osteostatin) promotes bone repair in animal models of bone defects and prevents bone erosion in inflammatory arthritis. In addition to its positive effects on osteoblasts, osteostatin may inhibit bone resorption. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of osteostatin on human osteoclast differentiation and function. We used macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF) and receptor activator of nuclear factor κB ligand (RANKL) to induce the osteoclast differentiation of adherent human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) staining was performed for the detection of the osteoclasts. The function of mature osteoclasts was assessed with a pit resorption assay. Gene expression was evaluated with qRT-PCR, and nuclear factor of activated T cells, cytoplasmic 1 (NFATc1) nuclear translocation was studied by immunofluorescence. We observed that osteostatin (100, 250 and 500 nM) decreased the differentiation of osteoclasts in a concentration-dependent manner, but it did not modify the resorptive ability of mature osteoclasts. In addition, osteostatin decreased the mRNA levels of cathepsin K, osteoclast associated Ig-like receptor (OSCAR) and NFATc1. The nuclear translocation of the master transcription factor in osteoclast differentiation NFATc1 was reduced by osteostatin. Our results suggest that the anti-resorptive effects of osteostatin may be dependent on the inhibition of osteoclastogenesis. This study has shown that osteostatin controls human osteoclast differentiation in vitro through the downregulation of NFATc1.
Intrauterine and Postnatal Exposure to High Levels of Fluoride Is Associated with Motor Impairments, Oxidative Stress, and Morphological Damage in the Cerebellum of Offspring Rats
Authors: Souza-Monteiro Deiweson , Ferreira Maria Karolina Martins , Bittencourt Leonardo Oliveira , Aragão Walessa Alana Bragança , Oliveira Igor Gonçalves de , Maia Cristiane Socorro Ferraz , Freire Marco Aurelio M. , Zohoori Fatemeh Vida , Buzalaf Marília Afonso Rabelo , Lima Rafael Rodrigues
Published: August 2022

Fluoride (F) is abundantly present on Earth and plays a beneficial role in human health. However, exposure to high doses of F can be a risk, mainly in endemic fluorosis regions. In light of this, we investigated the effects of F exposure during the intrauterine and postnatal periods of rats, in doses similar to those recommended in drinking water and the levels of F in regions with endemic fluorosis, on the offspring rats’ cerebellum. Pregnant rats were divided into three groups: control (received ultrapure water only), 10 mg F/L, and 50 mg F/L for a period of 42 days (21 days gestation and 21 days lactation). At the end of the lactation period, the male pups were evaluated by behavioral tests, morphological markers, and biochemistry assays. The results pointed out that 50 mg F/L exposure during the intrauterine and lactational period of rats is capable of promoting oxidative stress in the cerebellum with a decrease in Purkinje cell density and myelin basic protein compromise, which could be associated with functional motor impairments. In addition, although 10 mg F/L exposure promoted redox alterations, it did not affect other parameters evaluated, highlighting the safe use of F in low doses.
Study on the Mechanical Properties of Silty Clay Sediments with Nodular Hydrate Occurrence
Authors: Lu Cheng , Xie Pengfei , Li Hui , Zhang Xuhui , Lu Xiaobing , Zhang Bin , Zhang Ziqin , Qin Xuwen , Zhang Shuai , Bian Hang
Published: August 2022

Natural gas hydrates are a strategic energy resource in China. The China Geological Survey has discovered segregated hydrate mass formations under the seepage mechanism in the South China Sea through exploration, and gas hydrates occur in nodular, massive, and vein formations in silty clay sediment. Previous work has focused on the analysis of sediment mechanical properties with respect to the uniform distribution of natural gas hydrates in pore spaces, but the mechanical properties of hydrate-bearing sediments containing segregated hydrate masses are not well understood. Spherical hydrates are used to characterize nodular hydrates, a method is proposed for the preparation of sediment samples containing segregated hydrates masses, and a series of triaxial compression tests are carried out on the samples containing spherical hydrates with two kinds of particle sizes at a certain volume fraction. The paper presents triaxial stress–strain curves for the samples containing spherical hydrates. A model for predicting elastic modulus is established. The results present two distinct stages in the triaxial compression tests of silty clay sediments containing spherical hydrates; they also show that the elastic moduli predicted by the model are in good agreement with the experimental results when the model parameters are set at α = 0.5 and β = −0.21. These results provide fundamental mechanical parameters for the safety evaluation of strata containing segregated gas hydrates.
Variation in the Occurrence and Interpretation of Articles in Malagasy: A Comparison with Italian
Authors: Paul Ileana , Giusti Giuliana , Lebani Gianluca E.
Published: August 2022

In languages that have a definite article but no indefinite article, the definite article typically maps to definites, and the bare noun maps to indefinites. We investigate this mapping in Malagasy, which imposes an additional restriction: bare nouns cannot be subjects. We ask whether the subject can be interpreted as indefinite, given the obligatory nature of the article. We also look at DPs in other positions (direct object, clefted subjects) to determine whether the mapping between form and meaning is one-to-one. To answer these questions, we administered an on-line questionnaire that presented participants with the choice of the article or the bare noun in the different positions (subject, object, cleft) in contexts that favoured an indefinite/novel interpretation. As predicted, the article was obligatory in subject position, but disfavoured in the object and cleft position. These results confirm current descriptions in the literature. We compare these results with a similar case of definite article in indefinite nominals found in Italian and propose that the article does not carry definiteness features (at least in these cases) but overtly marks (abstract) Case assignment on subjects, while it can remain silent on objects.
Relationship between Biodegradation Rate and Grain Size Itself Excluding Other Structural Factors Caused by Alloying Additions and Deformation Processing for Pure Mg
Authors: Qu Zhan , Liu Lulin , Deng Youming , Tao Ran , Liu Weidong , Zheng Zhongren , Zhao Ming-Chun
Published: August 2022

This work studied the relationship between biodegradation rate and grain size itself, excluding other structural factors such as segregations, impure inclusions, second phase particles, sub-structures, internal stresses and textures caused by alloying additions and deformation processing for pure Mg. A spectrum of grain size was obtained by annealing through changing the annealing temperature. Grain boundary influenced the hardness and the biodegradation behavior. The hardness was grain size-dependent, following a typical Hall–Petch relation: HV=18.45+92.31d−12. The biodegradation rate decreased with decreasing grain size, following a similar Hall–Petch relation: Pi=0.17−0.68d−12 or Pw=1.34−6.17d−12. This work should be helpful for better controlling biodegradation performance of biodegradable Mg alloys through varying their grain size.
Investigating the Microstructural and Mechanical Properties of Novel Ternary Reinforced AA7075 Hybrid Metal Matrix Composite
Authors: Khan Afnan Haider , Shah Syed Ahmad Ali , Umar Farheen , Noor Uneeb , Gul Rizwan Mahmood , Giasin Khaled , Aamir Muhammad
Published: August 2022

This study investigates the comparison of the microstructural and mechanical properties of a novel ternary reinforced AA7075 hybrid metal matrix composite. Four samples, including AA7075 (base alloy), AA7075-5wt %SiC (MMC), AA7075-5wt %SiC-3wt %RHA (s-HMMC), and AA7075-5wt %SiC-3wt %RHA-1wt %CES (n-HMMC) were developed using the stir casting liquid metallurgy route, followed by the heat treatment. The experimental densities corresponded with the theoretical values, confirming the successful fabrication of the samples. A minimum density of 2714 kg/m3 was recorded for the n-HMMC. In addition, the highest porosity of 3.11% was found for n-HMMC. Furthermore, an increase of 24.4% in ultimate tensile strength and 32.8% in hardness of the n-HMMC was recorded compared to the base alloy. However, its ductility and impact strength was compromised with the lower values of 5.98% and 1.5 J, respectively. This was confirmed by microstructural analysis, which reveals that n-HMMC has mixing issues and forms agglomerates in the matrix, which served as the potential sites of stress concentration leading to low impact strength and ductility. Nevertheless, the hybrid composites showed superior mechanical properties over the MMC and its base alloy.
Digital Innovation Enabled Nanomaterial Manufacturing; Machine Learning Strategies and Green Perspectives
Authors: Konstantopoulos Georgios , Koumoulos Elias P. , Charitidis Costas A.
Published: August 2022

Machine learning has been an emerging scientific field serving the modern multidisciplinary needs in the Materials Science and Manufacturing sector. The taxonomy and mapping of nanomaterial properties based on data analytics is going to ensure safe and green manufacturing with consciousness raised on effective resource management. The utilization of predictive modelling tools empowered with artificial intelligence (AI) has proposed novel paths in materials discovery and optimization, while it can further stimulate the cutting-edge and data-driven design of a tailored behavioral profile of nanomaterials to serve the special needs of application environments. The previous knowledge of the physics and mathematical representation of material behaviors, as well as the utilization of already generated testing data, received specific attention by scientists. However, the exploration of available information is not always manageable, and machine intelligence can efficiently (computational resources, time) meet this challenge via high-throughput multidimensional search exploration capabilities. Moreover, the modelling of bio-chemical interactions with the environment and living organisms has been demonstrated to connect chemical structure with acute or tolerable effects upon exposure. Thus, in this review, a summary of recent computational developments is provided with the aim to cover excelling research and present challenges towards unbiased, decentralized, and data-driven decision-making, in relation to increased impact in the field of advanced nanomaterials manufacturing and nanoinformatics, and to indicate the steps required to realize rapid, safe, and circular-by-design nanomaterials.
Resveratrol from Dietary Supplement to a Drug Candidate: An Assessment of Potential
Authors: Khattar Shivani , Khan Sauban Ahmed , Zaidi Syed Amir Azam , Darvishikolour Mahdi , Farooq Uzma , Naseef Punnoth Poonkuzhi , Kurunian Mohamed Saheer , Khan Mohammed Zaafar , Shamim Athar , Khan Mohd Masih Uzzaman , Iqbal Zeenat , Mirza Mohd. Aamir
Published: August 2022

Resveratrol (RVT) is a well known phyto-chemical and is widely used in dietary supplements and botanical products. It shows a wide range of pharmacological/beneficial effects. Therefore, it can be a potential candidate to be developed as phyto-pharmaceutical. Multiple diseases are reported to be treated by the therapeutic effect of RVT since it has antioxidant, anti-cancer activity and anti-inflammatory activities. It also has a major role in diabetes, arthritis, cardiac disorder and platelet aggregation etc. The major requirements are establishments regarding safety, efficacy profile and physicochemical characterization. As it is already being consumed in variable maximum daily dose, there should not be a major safety concern but the dose needs to be established for different indications. Clinical trials are also being reported in different parts of the world. Physicochemical properties of the moiety are also well reported. Moreover, due to its beneficial effect on health it leads to the development of some intellectual property in the form of patents.
Special Issue on Photonic Jet: Science and Application
Authors: Wang Zengbo , Luk’yanchuk Boris , Minin Igor V.
Published: August 2022

Photonic jets (PJs) are important mesoscale optical phenomena arising from electromagnetic waves interacting with dielectric particles with sizes around several to several tens wavelengths (~2–40 λ) [...]
Evaluation of Antidiabetic Activity of Biogenic Silver Nanoparticles Using Thymus serpyllum on Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic BALB/c Mice
Authors: Wahab Maryam , Bhatti Attya , John Peter
Published: August 2022

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus is one of the most common metabolic disorders, and is characterized by abnormal blood sugar level due to impaired insulin secretion or impaired insulin action—or both. Metformin is the most commonly used drug for the treatment of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, but due to its slow mode of action and various side effects it shows poor and slow therapeutic response in patients. Currently, scientists are trying to tackle these limitations by developing nanomedicine. This research reports novel synthesis of silver nanoparticles using aqueous extract of Thymus serpyllum and aims to elucidate its therapeutic potential as an antidiabetic agent on streptozotocin induced diabetic BALB/c mice. Thymus serpyllum mediated silver nanoparticles were characterized through UV, SEM, XRD, and FTIR. The alpha amylase inhibition and antioxidant activity were checked through α amylase and DPPH radical scavenging assay, respectively. To check the effect of silver nanoparticles on blood glucose levels FBG, IPGTT, ITT tests were employed on STZ induced BALB/c mice. To assess the morphological changes in the anatomy of liver, pancreas, and kidney of BALB/c mice due to silver nanoparticles, histological analysis was done through H&E staining system. Finally, AMPK and IRS1 genes expression analysis was carried out via real time PCR. Silver nanoparticles were found to be spherical in shape with an average size of 42 nm. They showed an IC50 of 8 μg/mL and 10 μg/mL for α amylase and DPPH assay, respectively. Our study suggests that silver nanoparticles—specifically 10 mg/kg—cause a significant increase in the expression of AMPK and IRS1, which ultimately increase the glucose uptake in cells. Thymus serpyllum mediated silver nanoparticles possess strong antioxidant and antidiabetic potential and can further be explored as an effective and cheaper alternative option for treatment of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.
Optimum Design of Square Blank Dimension with Low Energy Consumption and Low Cost for Milling Based on Business Compass Concept
Authors: Xiao Yongmao , Liu Xiaoqin , Wang Ruping , Zhang Hao , Li Jieyun , Zhou Jincheng
Published: August 2022

Blank is the foundation for manufacturing enterprise production. The change of blank dimension is the fundamental purpose of product processing, and blank dimension change process dramatically affects the cost and energy consumption of blank production and use process. Therefore, the blank dimension design is of great significance for the sustainable development of enterprises. Based on the management concept of the business compass, combined with the enterprise development plan and production situation, this article established a blank dimension optimization design model, which can design the blank dimension according to enterprise demand. The model took the energy consumption and cost of the blank production and used process as the optimization objectives, and was solved by the gray wolf algorithm. The model was verified by analyzing the machining process of a fixture cavity. By comparison with standard square blank dimensions, the research results showed that the optimized square blank dimension can meet the objective of saving energy and reducing costs, it can also fully coordinate economy and resource consumption.
Translational Compensation Algorithm for Ballistic Targets in Midcourse Based on Template Matching
Authors: Liang Buge , Peng Zhenghong , Yang Degui , Wang Xing , Li Jin
Published: August 2022

The high-speed movement of a ballistic target will cause folding and translation of the micro-Doppler, which will affect the extraction of micro-motion features. To address the adverse effects of high-speed movement of ballistic targets in midcourse on the extraction of micro-motion features, a novel translational compensation algorithm based on template matching is proposed. Firstly, a 512 × 512 time-frequency map is obtained by binarization and down-sampling. The matching template then convolves the time-frequency map to obtain contour-like points. Then, the upper and lower contour points are preliminarily determined by the extreme value, and all actual contour points are screened out through structural similarity. Lastly, the upper and lower trend lines are determined and translation parameters for compensation by polynomial fitting are estimated. Simulation results show that the proposed algorithm has lower requirements for time-frequency resolution, higher precision and lower time complexity as a whole. Furthermore, it is also applicable to spectral aliasing.
Towards Single-Component and Dual-Component Radar Emitter Signal Intra-Pulse Modulation Classification Based on Convolutional Neural Network and Transformer
Authors: Yuan Shibo , Li Peng , Wu Bin
Published: August 2022

In the modern electromagnetic environment, the intra-pulse modulations of radar emitter signals have become more complex. Except for the single-component radar signals, dual-component radar signals have been widely used in the current radar systems. In order to make the radar system have the ability to classify single-component and dual-component intra-pulse modulation at the same period of time accurately, in this paper, we propose a multi-label learning method based on a convolutional neural network and transformer. Firstly, the original single channel sampled sequences are padded with zeros to the same length. Then the padded sequences are converted to frequency-domain sequences that only contain the amplitude information. After that, data normalization is employed to decrease the influence of amplitude. After radar signals preprocessing, a designed model which combines a convolutional neural network and transformer is used to accomplish multi-label classification. The extensive experiments indicate that the proposed method consumes lower computation resources and has higher accuracy than other baseline methods in classifying eight types of single and thirty-six types of dual-component intra-pulse modulation, where the overall accuracy and weighted accuracy are beyond 90%.
Evaluation of the Uncertainty of Surface Temperature Measurements in Photovoltaic Modules in Outdoor Operation
Authors: García-López Carmen , Álvarez-Tey Germán
Published: August 2022

Faults in photovoltaic modules in operation can lead to power losses. By determining the module surface temperature, hot spots that can potentially cause this power loss can be detected. Temperature measurement by radiation allows a complete, reliable, and fast qualitative determination of hot spots on PV modules in outdoor operation. However, to obtain quantitative values, it is necessary to consider multiple factors: emissivity, reflected radiation, wind speed, intensity, shading, etc. Temperature quantitative measurement evaluation by contact is more studied, although by this technique it is impossible to examine the temperature of the entire module to detect hot spots because it is a point measurement and due to shading caused by the measurement probe on the surface. In this work, a method of temperature measurement by radiation is described, evaluating the uncertainty components, and a comparison is made with temperature measurement by contact on the module rear side points where module heating has been detected, also evaluating the uncertainty components. This comparison of both methods and uncertainty determination allows establishing a methodology in quantitative temperature measurement by radiation in photovoltaic modules in outdoor operation.
Contextualizing Physical Data in Professional Handball: Using Local Positioning Systems to Automatically Define Defensive Organizations
Authors: Guignard Brice , Karcher Claude , Reche Xavier , Font Roger , Komar John
Published: August 2022

In handball, the way the team organizes itself in defense can greatly impact the player’s activity and displacement during the play, therefore impacting the match demands. This paper aims (1) to develop an automatic tool to detect and classify the defensive organization of the team based on the local positioning system data and check its classification quality, and (2) to quantify the match demands per defensive organization, i.e., defining a somehow cost of specific defensive organizations. For this study, LPS positional data (X and Y location) of players from a team in the Spanish League were analyzed during 25 games. The algorithm quantified the physical demands of the game (distance stand, walk, jog, run and sprint) broken down by player role and by specific defensive organizations, which were automatically detected from the raw data. Results show that the different attacking and defending phases of a game can be automatically detected with high accuracy, the defensive organization can be classified between 1–5, 0–6, 2–4, and 3–3. Interestingly, due to the highly adaptive nature of handball, differences were found between what was the intended defensive organization at a start of a phase and the actual organization that can be observed during the full defensive phase, which consequently impacts the physical demands of the game. From there, quantifying for each player role the cost of each specific defensive organization is the first step into optimizing the use of the players in the team and their recovery time, but also at the team level, it allows to balance the cost (i.e., physical demand) and the benefit (i.e., the outcome of the defensive phase) of each type of defensive organization.
A Survey on Modelling of Automotive Radar Sensors for Virtual Test and Validation of Automated Driving
Authors: Magosi Zoltan Ferenc , Li Hexuan , Rosenberger Philipp , Wan Li , Eichberger Arno
Published: August 2022

Radar sensors were among the first perceptual sensors used for automated driving. Although several other technologies such as lidar, camera, and ultrasonic sensors are available, radar sensors have maintained and will continue to maintain their importance due to their reliability in adverse weather conditions. Virtual methods are being developed for verification and validation of automated driving functions to reduce the time and cost of testing. Due to the complexity of modelling high-frequency wave propagation and signal processing and perception algorithms, sensor models that seek a high degree of accuracy are challenging to simulate. Therefore, a variety of different modelling approaches have been presented in the last two decades. This paper comprehensively summarises the heterogeneous state of the art in radar sensor modelling. Instead of a technology-oriented classification as introduced in previous review articles, we present a classification of how these models can be used in vehicle development by using the V-model originating from software development. Sensor models are divided into operational, functional, technical, and individual models. The application and usability of these models along the development process are summarised in a comprehensive tabular overview, which is intended to support future research and development at the vehicle level and will be continuously updated.
Near-Real-Time Strong Motion Acquisition at National Scale and Automatic Analysis
Authors: Costa Giovanni , Brondi Piero , Cataldi Laura , Cirilli Stefano , Cuius Arianna , Ertuncay Deniz , Falconer Piero , Filippi Luisa , Fornasari Simone Francesco , Pazzi Veronica , Turpaud Philippe
Published: August 2022

A strong motion monitoring network records data that provide an excellent way to study how source, path, and site effects influence the ground motion, specifically in the near-source area. Such data are essential for updating seismic hazard maps and consequently building codes and earthquake-resistant design. This paper aims to present the Italian Strong Motion Network (RAN), describing its current status, employment, and further developments. It has 648 stations and is the result of a fruitful co-operation between the Italian government, regions, and local authorities. In fact, the network can be divided into three sub-networks: the Friuli Venezia Giulia Accelerometric Network, the Irpinia Seismic Network, and all the other stations. The Antelope software automatically collects, processes, and archives data in the data acquisition centre in Rome (Italy). The efficiency of the network on a daily basis is today more than 97%. The automatic and fast procedures that run in Antelope for the real-time strong motion data analysis are continuously improved at the University of Trieste: a large set of strong motion parameters and correspondent Ground Motion Prediction Equations allow ground shaking intensity maps to be provided for moderate to strong earthquakes occurring within the Italian territory. These maps and strong motion parameters are included in automatic reports generated for civil protection purposes.
xImpact: Intelligent Wireless System for Cost-Effective Rapid Condition Assessment of Bridges under Impacts
Authors: Fu Yuguang , Zhu Yaoyu , Hoang Tu , Mechitov Kirill , Spencer Billie F.
Published: August 2022

Bridge strikes by over-height vehicles or ships are critical sudden events. Due to their unpredictable nature, many events go unnoticed or unreported, but they can induce structural failures or hidden damage that accelerates the bridge’s long-term degradation. Therefore, always-on monitoring is essential for deployed systems to enhance bridge safety through the reliable detection of such events and the rapid assessment of bridge conditions. Traditional bridge monitoring systems using wired sensors are too expensive for widespread implementation, mainly due to their significant installation cost. In this paper, an intelligent wireless monitoring system is developed as a cost-effective solution. It employs ultralow-power, event-triggered wireless sensor prototypes, which enables on-demand, high-fidelity sensing without missing unpredictable impact events. Furthermore, the proposed system adopts a smart artificial intelligence (AI)-based framework for rapid bridge assessment by utilizing artificial neural networks. Specifically, it can identify the impact location and estimate the peak force and impulse of impacts. The obtained impact information is used to provide early estimation of bridge conditions, allowing the bridge engineers to prioritize resource allocation for the timely inspection of the more severe impacts. The performance of the proposed monitoring system is demonstrated through a full-scale field test. The test results show that the developed system can capture the onset of bridge impacts, provide high-quality synchronized data, and offer a rapid damage assessment of bridges under impact events, achieving the error of around 2 m in impact localization, 1 kN for peak force estimation, and 0.01 kN·s for impulse estimation. Long-term deployment is planned in the future to demonstrate its reliability for real-life impact events.
In Vivo Multimodal Imaging of Stem Cells Using Nanohybrid Particles Incorporating Quantum Dots and Magnetic Nanoparticles
Authors: Yamada Shota , Yukawa Hiroshi , Yamada Kaori , Murata Yuki , Jo Jun-ichiro , Yamamoto Masaya , Sugawara-Narutaki Ayae , Tabata Yasuhiko , Baba Yoshinobu
Published: August 2022

The diagnosis of the dynamics, accumulation, and engraftment of transplanted stem cells in vivo is essential for ensuring the safety and the maximum therapeutic effect of regenerative medicine. However, in vivo imaging technologies for detecting transplanted stem cells are not sufficient at present. We developed nanohybrid particles composed of dendron-baring lipids having two unsaturated bonds (DLU2) molecules, quantum dots (QDs), and magnetic nanoparticles in order to diagnose the dynamics, accumulation, and engraftment of transplanted stem cells, and then addressed the labeling and in vivo fluorescence and magnetic resonance (MR) imaging of stem cells using the nanohybrid particles (DLU2-NPs). Five kinds of DLU2-NPs (DLU2-NPs-1-5) composed of different concentrations of DLU2 molecules, QDs525, QDs605, QDs705, and ATDM were prepared. Adipose tissue-derived stem cells (ASCs) were labeled with DLU2-NPs for 4 h incubation, no cytotoxicity or marked effect on the proliferation ability was observed in ASCs labeled with DLU2-NPs (640- or 320-fold diluted). ASCs labeled with DLU2-NPs (640-fold diluted) were transplanted subcutaneously onto the backs of mice, and the labeled ASCs could be imaged with good contrast using in vivo fluorescence and an MR imaging system. DLU2-NPs may be useful for in vivo multimodal imaging of transplanted stem cells.