bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Kedudukan Perjanjian Hubungan Industrial Dalam Pelaksanaan Mutasi Pekerja
Authors: Christine Octavia S  , Lie Gunardi
Published: December 2024

Penelitian ini mengkaji tentang kedudukan hukum PKB dan PK dalam mengatur mutasi kerja, akibat hukum dari pelaksanaan mutasi kerja yang tidak sesuai dengan ketentuan PKB dan PK serta perlindungan hukum terhadap pekerja dalam hal pelaksanaan mutasi kerja bertentangan dengan perjanjian yang dibuat (PKB dan PK). Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian hukum normatif dengan pendekatan kualitatif melalui studi kepustakaan yang terdiri atas bahan hukum primer, sekunder dan bahan non hukum. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa PKB memiliki kedudukan yang lebih tinggi dibandingkan PK dalam hierarki pengaturan hubungan industrial, dimana pelaksanaan mutasi kerja yang tidak sesuai dengan ketentuan tersebut dapat dikategorikan sebagai wanprestasi yang menimbulkan konsekuensi hukum bagi pihak yang melanggar. Sistem hukum ketenagakerjaan Indonesia telah menyediakan mekanisme perlindungan hukum, baik secara preventif maupun represif, serta mengatur prosedur penyelesaian perselisihan yang dapat ditempuh melalui mekanisme bipartit, mediasi, hingga Pengadilan Hubungan Industrial. Dengan penelitian ini, perlu untuk memperketat pengawasan dan peningkatan kesadaran hukum bagi pengusaha dan pekerja dalam hubungan industrial untuk menciptakan serta memastikan dalam pelaksaan mutasi pekerja sesuai dengan ketentuan yang disepakati dalam PKB dan PK.
Professional planners’ preparedness for digital transformation: an empirical analysis of PlanTech
Authors: Boland Philip , McHenry Justin , Potts Ruth , Milz Dan
Published: December 2024

COVID-19 lockdowns led to significant shifts in how professional planners operate. The introduction of advanced digital technologies enabled home working and virtual planning processes. An important line of academic inquiry concerns planners’ preparedness in adopting and adapting to digital transformation. Focusing on Northern Ireland, we offer a nuanced analysis of planners’ experiences of digital technologies by drilling into the demographics and competencies within the different planning sectors to disaggregate different types of planners by age, gender, seniority and skills. We present a fine-grained analytical canvas to reveal how different types of planners are experiencing the next stages of digital transformation.
JWST Captures a Sudden Stellar Outburst and Inner Disk Wall Destruction
Authors: Xie Chengyan , Pascucci Ilaria , Deng Dingshan , Bajaj Naman S. , Alexander Richard , Sellek Andrew , Kóspál Ágnes , Ballabio Giulia , Gorti Uma
Published: December 2024

We analyze JWST/MIRI observations of T Cha, a highly variable (ΔV ∼ 3–5 mag) accreting Sun-like star surrounded by a disk with a large (∼15 au) dust gap. We find that the JWST mid-IR spectrum is significantly different from the Spitzer spectrum obtained 17 yr before—the emission at short wavelengths (5–10 μm) has decreased by ∼2/3 while that at longer wavelengths (15–25 μm) has increased by up to a factor of ∼3. The JWST spectrum is contemporaneous with a fairly constant higher optical emission captured by the All Sky Automated Survey. After analyzing and modeling both spectral energy distributions, we propose that JWST caught the star during an outburst that partly destroyed and significantly reduced the height of the asymmetric inner disk wall responsible for the high optical variability and lower 15–25 μm emission during the Spitzer period. The dust mass lost during this outburst is estimated to be comparable (∼1/5) to the upper limit of the total micron-sized dust mass in the inner disk of T Cha now. Monitoring this system during possible future outbursts and more observations of its quiescent state will reveal if the inner disk can be replenished or will continue to be depleted and vanish.
Multiwavelength Afterglow Analysis of GRB 221009A: Unveiling the Evolution of a Cooling Break in a Wind-like Medium
Authors: Tak Donggeun , Uhm Z. Lucas , Paek Gregory S. H. , Im Myungshin , Arimoto Makoto , Choi Hyeonho , Kim Sophia , Omodei Nicola , Racusin Judith , Urata Yuji , Zhang Bing
Published: December 2024

Gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) are the most energetic explosions in the Universe, and their afterglow emission provides an opportunity to probe the physics of relativistic shock waves in an extreme environment. Several key pieces for completing the picture of GRB afterglow physics are still missing, including jet properties, the emission mechanism, and particle acceleration. Here, we present a study of the afterglow emission of GRB 221009A, the most energetic GRB ever observed. Using optical, X-ray, and gamma-ray data up to approximately 2 days after the trigger, we trace the evolution of the multiwavelength spectrum and the physical parameters behind the emission process. The broadband spectrum is consistent with the synchrotron emission emitted by relativistic electrons with its index of p = 2.29 ± 0.02. We identify a break energy at keV and an exponential cutoff at GeV in the observed multiwavelength spectrum. The break energy increases in time from

16.0

−
4.9

+
7.1

keV at 0.65 days to

46.8

−
15.5

+
25.0

keV at 1.68 days, favoring a stellar-wind-like profile of the circumburst medium with k = 2.4 ± 0.1 as in ρ(r) ∝ r
−k
. The high-energy attenuation at around 0.4 to 4 GeV is attributed to the maximum of the particle acceleration in the relativistic shock wave. This study confirms that the synchrotron process can explain the multiwavelength afterglow emission and its evolution.
The Double-white-dwarf Merger Rate from ZTF
Authors: Maoz Dan
Published: December 2024

Using the Zwicky Transient Facility (ZTF), Burdge et al. discovered systems of eclipsing double white dwarfs (EDWDs) having orbital periods < 1 hr. From the properties of 3 of the discovered systems, I estimate a merger rate of DWDs, per unit stellar mass in the Galaxy, of R
merge,M* ≈ 4.8 × 10−13 yr

−
1

M

⊙

−
1

. This likely somewhat underestimates the rate, because of several known effects that work against EDWD detection in ZTF. The derived merger rate is within the uncertainty range, R
merge,M* = (4.6−5.8) × 10−13 yr

−
1

M

⊙

−
1

, measured independently by Maoz et al. based on two samples of DWDs discovered via radial-velocity variations. Based on the expected period distribution of DWDs and their detectability, of order 100 additional EDWDs with periods > 1 hr are discoverable in ZTF, with potential to significantly improve the merger-rate’s measurement precision.
Rencontre avec les berceuses cambodgiennes : une recherche complémentariste
Authors: Tep Candice
Published: December 2024

Au Cambodge, société à tradition orale, les berceuses traditionnelles khmères continuent d’œuvrer et de se transmettre par les figures parentales en milieu rural. À partir de cette recherche, qui s’attache à étudier tout particulièrement les représentations, les croyances familiales et culturelles véhiculées par les berceuses, ainsi que leurs rôles dans la construction des liens affectifs entre le bébé et son milieu familial et dans les modalités de transmission et d’affiliation culturelle de l’enfant ; l’auteure souligne l’importance de l’analyse subjective du chercheur en situation transculturelle permettant la co-construction d’un dispositif méthodologique culturellement adapté incluant la place de l’interprétariat et de la traduction dans le recueil et l’analyse des données.
Managing institutional transformation in the European Union
Authors: Vanhoonacker Sophie , Christiansen Thomas
Published: December 2024

Après son entrée en vigueur en 2009, le traité de Lisbonne a exigé la création de nouvelles institutions et procédures. Cet article analyse la réponse du Secrétariat général du Conseil à deux innovations clés qui ont créé à la fois des opportunités et des risques quant à son rôle institutionnel : la mise en place de présidents à temps plein et à durée déterminée pour le Conseil européen et le Conseil des affaires étrangères. L'article examine d'abord les préférences institutionnelles du SGC quant à son rôle d'accompagnement de ces deux nouveaux acteurs et identifie successivement les stratégies et les ressources qui ont été mobilisées. La recherche fait valoir que dans les deux cas, le SGC a réussi à concrétiser ses préférences, même si dans le cas du HR/VP, cela a été plus difficile.
An efficient numerical method for 2D elliptic singularly perturbed systems with different magnitude parameters in the diffusion and the convection terms, part Ⅱ
Authors: Shiromani Ram , Clavero Carmelo
Published: December 2024

This work is the continuation of [11], where a two-dimensional elliptic singularly perturbed weakly system, for which small parameters affected both the diffusion and the convection terms, was solved; moreover, all perturbation parameters could have different orders of magnitude, which is the most interesting and difficult case for this type of problem. It is well known that then, in general, overlapping regular or parabolic boundary layers appear in the solution of the continuous problem. To solve numerically the problem, the classical upwind finite difference scheme, defined on special piecewise uniform Shsihkin meshes, was used, proving its uniform convergence, with respect to all parameters, for four different ratios between them. In this paper, we complete the previous analysis, considering the two cases for these possible ratios, that were not considered in [11]. To see in practice the efficiency of the numerical method, we show the numerical results obtained with our algorithm for a test problem, when the cases analyzed in this work are fixed; from those results, the uniform convergence of the numerical algorithm follows, in agreement with the theoretical results.
Family Social Origins of Age-Heterogamous Marriage Across Societies
Authors: Uddin Emaj
Published: December 2024

Family social background factors influence age-heterogamous marriages across societies. This chapter examines how social background factors such as ethnicity, gender socioeconomic status, traditional marriage norms, and patriarchal family structure exert negative effects on age-heterogamy than age-homogamy in first time marriage in collectivistic societies. Using empirical data from Bangladesh as a collectivistic society, the results indicated that most of the couples were age-heterogamous than age-homogamous in first time marriages. The results of bivariate correlation and binary logistic regression analysis suggested that age-heterogamous marriages were significantly associated with social bacground factors. Of the predicting factors, ethnicity, gender SES, middle family income, arranged marriage, middle family size, patrilocal residence, and autocratic family authority were the greatest (1-3% times) risks factors for age-heterogamous marriages in Bangladesh. The findings have implications in future causal research and policy practice in Bangladesh.
Mental Health Impact of Early Marriage
Authors: Yadav Mohit , Chandel Ajay , Hung Ta Huy
Published: December 2024

Early marriage poses significant psychological and societal challenges, impacting both individuals and communities worldwide. This abstract examines the mental health consequences of early marriage, including depression, anxiety, and PTSD. It explores the cultural and societal contexts that perpetuate early marriage, emphasizing the roles of traditional norms, gender inequality, and societal pressures. The intergenerational impact of early marriage is also highlighted, revealing how it affects children of young mothers and strains community resources. Effective interventions and support mechanisms, including preventive measures, psychological support, and successful case studies, are discussed. The need for comprehensive approaches that integrate education, empowerment, and policy reforms is emphasized. This analysis underscores the importance of addressing early marriage's root causes and implementing tailored strategies to mitigate its psychological impact.
Smart Governance With AI for Transformative Urban Development in India
Authors: Karthikeyan C.
Published: December 2024

The research study explores India's sustainable initiatives, emphasizing the integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and innovative technologies in urban governance and environmental management. It examines key projects across various sectors, including renewable energy, smart cities, green building standards, water conservation, waste management, afforestation, and electric vehicle adoption. The essay highlights the Bhadla Solar Park's role in advancing solar energy, Pune's AI-driven citizen engagement platforms, Chennai's AI-enhanced waste management system, and Delhi's AI-supported air quality monitoring. It also discusses the Jal Jeevan Mission's impact on rural water supply, the Green India Mission's afforestation efforts, and the FAME India Scheme's promotion of electric vehicles.
Driving the Future With Autonomous Transportation and Smart Vehicles
Authors: Singh Bhupinder , Kaunert Christian , Raghav Anjali , Ravesangar Kamalesh
Published: December 2024

Autonomous driving is extremely promising with the potential to improve safety, lessen traffic alter urban mobility and lessen the environmental effect of transportation, The field of urban transportation is quickly changing due to autonomous driving which offers safer, more effective and environmentally friendly mobility options. Artificial intelligence and machine learning play a crucial role in the setting of smart cities, where connected infrastructure and data-driven technology are pervasive. The autonomous vehicles use Artificial intelligence as their foundation to traverse intricate urban areas. These organized information representations incorporate data from a variety of sources, such as environmental conditions, real-time traffic updates and road networks. The real-time decision-making by autonomous cars is made possible by this extensive information collection. This chapter explores the how machine learning are essential for enabling safe autonomous driving in the intricate urban settings of smart cities.
Harnessing ICTs to Revolutionise Recruitment and Retention and Navigating an Era of Transformation and a Volatile Labour Force in a Developing Context
Authors: Musungwini Samuel , Tewera Debrah , Musungwini Linnet
Published: December 2024

In the rapidly evolving landscape of the developing world, businesses are grappling with the dual challenges of transforming their workforce management practices and navigating the complexities of a volatile labour market. As technological advancements continue to disrupt traditional employment models, organizations must rethink their approach to recruitment and retention to remain competitive and resilient. This book chapter delves into the transformative power of information and communication technologies (ICTs) in revolutionizing the way organizations attract, engage, and retain top talent in a developing context. It explores how the strategic deployment of innovative digital tools and platforms can help businesses address the unique talent management challenges they face, from skill shortages and high turnover rates to the growing demands of a tech-savvy, mobile-first workforce.
Hiring and Keeping Talent in a Time of Transformation and Staff Empowerment
Authors: Abdulmatin Abdulmannan Lalshawala , Makhija Gaurav , Bhandari Goutham B. , Raj Harsh , Shylashree N.
Published: December 2024

“Hiring and Keeping Talent in a Time of Transformation and Staff Empowerment” is an in-depth exploration of the dynamic landscape of talent acquisition and retention in today's rapidly evolving business world. The book's primary objective is to provide business leaders, HR professionals, and managers with the necessary knowledge and tools to effectively attract, hire, and retain top talent amidst significant transformations in the business environment and a growing emphasis on staff empowerment. The book begins by delving into the state-of-the-art trends and happenings in talent management. It explores the rise of remote work and flexible schedules, a shift accelerated by the COVID-19 pandemic. It discusses how companies are offering these options to attract and retain top talent, and the implications of this trend on team communication and collaboration. The book also discusses the increasing focus on employee well-being and mental health.
Employee Retention Predictors
Authors: Benson Greg M. , Taylor Whitney
Published: December 2024

This chapter identifies the factors that meet the needs of today's workforce and their respective companies and organizations. Employee expectations have changed over the years and through generations. This chapter presents a research study that explores the needs of the modern work force and identifies gaps in current leadership characteristics and company commitment to employees. The statistical analyses conducted in this chapter, including Pearson Product Moment Correlations and single factor ANOVA with Tukey post hoc analysis support the research and development of new components of leadership to recognize and abate the factors affecting employee retention.
Medical Sentimental Analysis Techniques for Pharmaceutical Exploration Using Deep Learning Techniques
Authors: Vijayalakshmi P. S. , Banupriya G.
Published: December 2024

The Internet's continuous expansion has resulted in a rise in the quantity of content created by users on the web. These days, after taking their medications patients often post their thoughts online to share their feelings and spread awareness. Sentiment analysis, which looks at user evaluations and evaluates the acceptance or effectiveness of different drugs, can be very beneficial to the medical field. We examine customer reviews that have been submitted digitally in the pharmaceutical business in this study. In our initial attempt, we use data gathered from internet pharmaceutical review sites to conduct numerous functions over drug evaluations. Initially, sentiment analysis is used to forecast patient reviews' general happiness, side effects, and efficacy with regard to particular medications. In this work, we demonstrate that deep neural network techniques are a potential method of cross-domain sentiment analysis because they can leverage similarities across domains.
Enhancing Spatial Quality Through Community-Based Tourism
Authors: Kalaimathy Kamaraj , Pradeepa Chandramouli , Shanthipriya Radhakrishnan , Malathi D.
Published: December 2024

This study focuses on the declining spatial quality and limited community engagement in Mahabalipuram, a heritage town celebrated for its rich cultural and architectural significance. Degraded public spaces, inadequate infrastructure, and minimal community involvement in tourism are identified as pressing challenges that compromise the historical sites sustainability and appeal to visitors. Through a mixed-method approach—encompassing field observations, interviews, and surveys—the research examines key spatial quality parameters, including continuity, comfort, scale, diversity, and esthetics, alongside community participation factors like socio-economic impacts. The analysis highlights deficits in pedestrian accessibility, public amenities, and community involvement diminishing the community and the visitor experience. To address these challenges, the study proposes strategies developing environmental responsibility, promoting community-driven tourism initiatives, increasing access, continuity and safeguarding heritage sites in line with Sustainable Development Goals 10 and 11.
Multi-Cultural Collaborative Tourism for Sustainable Development in Tourism Destinations
Authors: Ezzatian Shohreh
Published: December 2024

Collaboration and involvement of tourists in managing and redesigning tourism destinations are increasingly recognized as key factors for achieving sustainable tourism. The research posits that engaging tourists from diverse cultural backgrounds can lead to a more sustainable tourism development framework. The objectives of this research include strengthening local communities by empowering them to participate in decision-making processes, sustainable development through responsible tourism practices, and prioritizing environmental protection to minimize the ecological footprint of tourism activities. The theoretical foundations of this study are rooted in collaborative tourism and community-based tourism principles ensuring that tourism benefits local welfare while preserving cultural integrity, focusing on local ownership, cultural preservation, environmental sustainability, and economic empowerment. Recent findings indicate that strategic collaborations among diverse stakeholders are essential for promoting sustainable tourism development.
The Modeling and Analysis Methods of Destination Image in Smart Tourism
Authors: Feng Yong
Published: December 2024

In the context of smart tourism, this paper delves into the intricate process of constructing tourism destination images. It examines how factors such as tourism demand and supply dynamics influence the formation and perception of these images. Using Xi'an as a case study, the research employs statistical methods including factor analysis, correlation analysis, and ANOVA to analyze data on tourism resources and tourist perceptions. The study identifies a pronounced imbalance in online service provision across different tourism sectors, with accommodations showing robust online presence while scenic spots lag behind. Additionally, the article validates a predictive model for destination selection in smart tourism, underscoring its efficacy. Despite these advancements, the study calls for deeper exploration into tourists' motivations and behaviors to refine image construction strategies further. This research contributes to a nuanced understanding of how smart tourism frameworks can enhance the systematic development and communication of tourism destination images.
Effect of Carbon Black Dispersion on Hardness Properties of Polyurethane Elastomer for Wheel Dolly
Authors: Sopakitiboon Wisawat , Pongmuksuwan Pornlada , Kitisatorn Wanlop
Published: December 2024

This study investigates the enhancement of hardness and mechanical properties of PPG-based polyurethane elastomers for wheel dolly applications through the incorporationof carbon black and the use of Plast 002 as a dispersing agent. The challenge addressed is the inherent lower mechanical performance of cost-effective PPG-based polyurethane compared to traditional polyester-based alternatives. Three dispersion methods were explored: the impactof Plast 002 on carbon black distribution, varying carbon black content (1, 3 and 5 phr), and comparing high-speed agitation with ultrasonic dispersion. The results indicate that without Plast 002, carbon black tends to agglomerate, leading to significant differences in hardness between the top and bottom of samples, particularly at higher carbon black contents. The addition of Plast 002 significantly improved dispersion, resulting in uniform hardness. Ultrasonic dispersion had more effective than high-speed agitation, delivering higher and consistent hardness values across the sample. Optimal mechanical performance was observed at 1 and 2 phr of carbon black, where tensile strength and modulus improved. The optimized carbon black content and ultrasonic dispersion can significantly enhance the performance of PPG-based polyurethane, offering a more economical alternative to polyester-based polyurethanes for wheel dolly applications.
Performance of Cement Mortar Mixtures Containing Fine Aggregate and Admixtures
Authors: Alarab Monaf A. , Alattieh Sara A. , Zeiada Waleed , Al-Khateeb Ghazi G. , Al-Toubat Salah , Abdulla Fatma
Published: December 2024

The purpose of this study is to investigate the influence of the cement/sand (c/s) ratio on the behavior of cement mortar. The used c/s ratios in this study were 1:0, 1:0.45, and 1:0.83. The findings of this study showed that increasing the sand content reduces the compressive strength of the mortar mixture by 41.5 and 28.2% for the c/s ratios of 1:0.45, and 1:0.83, compared to the plain cement mortar (c/s: 1:0). The increase in sand content requires more water content to increase the workability and strength of the mixtures. However, the flexural strength slightly increased compared to the control mortar. In addition, to enhance sustainability, the cement was replaced with two waste industrial materials namely, micro silica (MS) and fume treatment plant (FTP) dust by 20% of cement weight. The modified mixtures (c/s: 1:0) also showed reduced strength at the testing age. The compressive strength of the modified mixtures was reduced by 50% and 19% for the FTP and MS-modified mixtures, respectively. On the other hand, the flexural strength was reduced by 19.1 and 30.2% for the FTP and MS-modified mixtures. This reduction can help achieve certain strength requirements by lowering the cement content in cement concrete mixtures.
Bending and Shear Response of Perturbated Honeycomb Lattices
Authors: Al-Osman Omar , Alkhader Maen , Abuzaid Wael
Published: December 2024

This study examines the potential to customize the bending and transverse shear behavior of aluminum honeycomb sandwich panels by introducing sinusoidal perturbations to their cell walls. Finite element analysis is used to investigate the effect of varying the amplitude and frequency of the introduced perturbations on the flexural and transverse shear stiffness and strength of perturbed aluminum cores. Results show that increasing the amplitude and frequency of the perturbations generally decreases the flexural and transverse shear stiffness and yield strength. Local deformations in the perturbed cores indicate that imposing perturbations encouraged the development of localized deformations in the curved cell walls, which increased the perturbed cores' compliance. The transverse shear and flexural responses at the highest frequencies and amplitudes exhibited a very smooth and compliant behavior compared to the unperturbed cores. The response of the perturbed cores can be attractive for applications involving impact energy mitigation, as they demonstrate an enhanced capacity to reduce and limit the force transmitted through them.
Development of an Open-Source Software Tool for Microstructure Analysis of Materials Using Artificial Intelligence
Authors: Pham Gia Khanh , Yalcin Kerim , Binti Wan Azman Wan Asma  Najihah , Nguyen Anh Son , Trinh Van Trung
Published: December 2024

Investigating the microstructures of materials with microscopy is a key task in quality assurance, the development of new materials, and the optimization of manufacturing processes. However, conventional image analysis often demands significant time for analysis and a large volume of images, and the predictions produced are commonly constrained. Applying deep learning, models can be trained to analyze material microstructures quickly and with greater accuracy. The objective of this study is to provide a method for the automatic segmentation of microstructural images obtained from microscopes or scanning electron microscopes using Convolutional Neural Networks. For this purpose, two software scripts were developed in Python employing OpenCV and the fastai library. The first script is designed to generate reference images, while the second is utilized for training a model and predicting the microstructure in an image. The test of the microstructural analysis using the developed software tools demonstrates that robust prediction results are attainable by using high-quality reference images. This tool has been made available as an open-source on GitHub for public use in materials analysis and can be enhanced and further developed if required.
Anti Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Agents in Corneal Neovascularization
Authors: Sehra Srivatsa , Reetika
Published: December 2024

Corneal neovascularisation is a potentially blinding condition, an established risk factor for rejection and results in loss of immune privilege. It may occur as a normal physiologic healing response to various stimuli or as an inappropriate local tissue response to primary insult arising due to an imbalance between the angiogenic and antiangiogenic factors present in the normally avascular cornea. Medical and surgical treatment modalities have been described for the condition but there is no established treatment protocol. Anti vascular endothelial growth factor (Anti VEGF) agents are increasingly being used for the condition. In this article, we have presented the pathogenesis of corneal neovascularisation, role of VEGF and discussed the emerging use of anti VEGF agents as a treatment modality.
Comparison of Triangular Technique, Double Triangular Technique and Pentagonal Technique of Frontalis Sling Surgery in Ptosis Correction
Authors: Vivek Kumar , Reetika  , Kumar Vinay , Ganguly Anasua , Mohan Nilesh , Bajaj Mandeep S , Ghose Supriyo
Published: December 2024

Purpose:

To compare Triangular technique, Double Triangular technique and Pentagonal technique of Frontalis Sling surgery in ptosis correction in congenital ptosis patients.

Methods:

Cases with bilateral congenital simple ptosis with poor levator action, Blepharophimosis syndrome and severe unilateral congenital ptosis with very poor levator action were randomized to either of the three methods of Frontalis sling surgery. All the three methods were compared in terms of postoperative correction and complications.

Results:

A comparable amount of ptosis correction was seen in all the three techniques. A better lid fold formation was seen in the Pentagonal and the Double Triangular technique and Pentagonal procedure was found to be the simplest technique to perform.

Conclusion:

Pentagonal technique is an optimal procedure of Frontalis suspension for the correction of congenital ptosis, although, all the three procedures gave comparable surgical results and the overall cosmesis was acceptable to the patients.
Importance of LVAs in Blind Schools
Authors: Purohit Abhishek , Gaikwad Namrata , Srivastava Ulka , Varma Pushpa
Published: December 2024

Low Vision Aids (LVAs) are optical devices that improve residual vision by magnifying the image of an object formed at retina.

The principle aim of our study was to identify the number of children with useful residual vision in blind schools of Indore and assess their need for LVAs. 152(100%) children (5-25yrs) of 4 blind schools of Indore were enrolled in this cross sectional study, of which 96(63.16%) children with useful residual vision were refracted & analyzed.

A detailed ophthalmic evaluation included complete history and thorough ocular examination was done. Children with VA greater than light perception who had useful residual vision were assessed with hand held fixed focus telescopes for distance while magnifying spectacles, hand held magnifiers and telscopic lenses for near.

After best correction, 89(58.55%) children were found to be blind (3/60 to PL+) and 7(4.60%) had se-vere visual impairment (6/60 to 3/60). For distance, 8(5.26%) children showed an improvement in visual acuity with spectacles and 10(6.57%) improved with fixed focus hand held telescope.

For near vision, 13(8.55%) children improved with magnifying spectacles in half eye frame, 4(2.63%) with telescopic magnifiers and another 13(8.55%) accepted magnifying hand held lenses.

Importance of LVAs in Blind Schools Thus, our study emphasizes on the need for ophthalmic evaluation, refraction & assessment for LVAs & spectacles in children with useful residual vision in blind schools and periodic review thereafter.
ACCOMODATIVE ESOTROPIA WHEN TO REMOVE GLASSES
Authors: Mathur Deepali Garg
Published: December 2024

Accomodative Esotropia (AE) is an acquired convergent deviation of the eyes restored to orthotropia at near and distance fixation by optical correction of the underlying hypermmetropia. Raab has summarized a number of well known characteristic features of this entity including post infancy onset, initial intermittency of deviation, above normal hypermmetropia, elimination or reduction of deviation with glasses and frequent association of anisometropia and amblyopia. The mainstay of treatment is full correction determined by cycloplegic refraction. Details as to how cycloplegia is attained is important, with cyclopentolate being far less effective in causing cycloplegia than atropine. Weaning children with AE off spectacle correction has been known to encourage fusional divergence and emmetropisation. Whether undercorrection of hypermmetropia stimulates increased reduction of hypermmetropia is controversial. On the other hand, studies have shown that a mild reduction of hypermmetropic reduction in AE may lead to larger angles of deviation and precipitate deterioration. Thus the risk of undercorrection may outweigh potential benefits of that approach.
Lenticonus Posterior
Authors: Singh Ojaswita , Shyam Rashi , Gupta A. K.
Published: December 2024

Lenticonus is bulging of the lens capsule and the underlying cortex. It is a relatively uncommon clinical condition. The prevalence is estimated at 1 to 4 of every 100,000 children (1). We are reporting a case of posterior lenticonus because of it rarity and its unusually large size.
Cholesterol Granuloma of the Orbit
Authors: Bajaj Mandeep S. , Kashyap Seema , Pushker Neelam , Sharma Vidushi , Balasubramanya R , Meel Rachna , Gupta Anoop Kishore
Published: December 2024

Cholesterol granuloma is a rare, well-defined lesion of the orbit, commencing mostly in the diploe of bone. We report a case of cholesterol granuloma in the orbital part of the frontal bone in a 47-year-old male patient. The patient presented with progressive and painless proptosis and downward displacement of the globe. CT scan showed a superotemporal, homogenous orbital mass involving the frontal bone with expansion and fossa formation with irregular margins. The outer table of the bone was partially absent, with extraperiosteal extension of the lesion. The mass was removed by an antero-lateral orbitotomy. Histopathology confirmed the diagnosis. In conclusion, cholesterol granuloma, though rare, is a readily recognizable lesion with characteristic clinical, radiological and histopathological features.
Morning Glory Syndrome
Authors: Tankiwala Rashida Shabbir , Bahadur Memuna
Published: December 2024

Morning glory syndrome is a congenital optic disc anomaly described by Kindler1 in 1970. It is a congenital funnel-shaped excavation of the posterior fundus that incorporates the optic disc, resembling the morning glory flower. Ocular complications may include strabismus, reduced visual acuity and retinal detachment and it may have systemic associations as in Aicardi’s syndrome. A patient with monocular morning glory syndrome and reduced visual acuity is reported. The pattern reversal visually evoked potential was reduced.
A case report on weak subgroup of A: Aend
Authors: Lahare Saurabh , Chandrakar Ramesh , Wasnik Minal
Published: December 2024

A end is a weak subgroup of Blood group A, found rarely in general population, not detected by routine forward and reverse blood grouping, detected by Adsorption/Elution technique along with saliva testing for A, B and H antigens. Although it is subgroup of A but it lacks A antigen in saliva and contains only H antigen. A 25y/M was accepted for blood donation and showed weak/mf reaction with anti-A in forward grouping. On Adsorption/Elution testing eluate gave 2+ reaction with known A1 cells, and Saliva testing showed presence of only H substance. A weak A can be mistyped as O & can lead to a Hemolytic transfusion reaction so anti-H, anti-A1 & anti-AB should be incorporated in forward grouping and every O group sample should be treated with anti-AB antisera.
Viral Retinitis with Co-Infection Cytomegalovirus and Varicella Zoster
Authors: Shah Dhaivat , Punamia Ravin , Mathew Bennet Chacko , Singh Rahul , Rokade Milind
Published: December 2024

Combined infection with cytomegalovirus (CMV) and varicella-zoster virus (VZV) is a rare entity, especially in an immunocompetent person. Almost all cases with co-infection are either immunocompromised or on immunosuppressant. Here, we present to you one such case of a 31-year-old male who presented with complaints of sudden diminution of vision in his right eye after a bout of fever. After a battery of investigations, the patient was found to have raised blood titers of CMV and VZV. The patient was put on oral antivirals and steroids, followed by a vitrectomy, which yielded a good outcome.
Referral Uptake from School Eye Screening Program Conducted at Moradabad (India)
Authors: Agarwal Pradeep , Khurana Ashi , Maan Veenu , Sutar Samir , Chauhan Lokesh
Published: December 2024

Purpose:

The purpose of this study was to report the follow-up rate and outcome of school children who failed visual screening conducted at school.

Methods:

A cross-sectional study using school-based eye screenings in children aged 5–16 years from 103 schools in Moradabad, India, was conducted. Convenience sampling was done for the selection of schools. Primary vision assessment was done by a vision technician and refraction by the optometrist. All reported children were assessed by a pediatric ophthalmologist.

Results:

Of the 45,680 children included in the study, 26,046 (48.3%) were girls. Of all, 6% were referred for further examination. A total of 395 (14.1%) children were reported for further examination. Major barriers were: parents were not interested (356; 12.7%), time concerns (195; 6.9%), no specific reason (62; 2.2%), no one to accompany (49; 1.8%), and cannot afford travel cost (27; 1%). Of all reported, 102 (25.8%; “53 females; 49 males”) children were emmetropic, 217 (54.9%; “124 females; 93 males”) had a refractive error, and 76 (19.2%) had other eye diseases.

Conclusion:

Follow-up rates in children referred from school-based eye screening remain challenging. Interventions to improve follow-up rates should be incorporated during the planning of these programs. Monitoring and reporting of these programs need to be improved.
A Study to Determine if the Incidence and Risk Factors of Retinopathy of Prematurity have Changed During the COVID Period in a Pediatric Care Tertiary Hospital
Authors: Wadhwani Meenakshi , Kumar Amit , Jajoo Mamta
Published: December 2024

Background:

Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) remains one of the leading causes of childhood blindness worldwide. India is experiencing the “third epidemic” of blindness due to ROP and is the country with highest number of 3.5 million preterm births annually. Globally, more than 50,000 children are affected with ROP. In India, nearly 500 children are estimated to be blind due to ROP every year.

Aim:

The study was done to determine if there was a change in incidence and risk factors of ROP during the COVID period as during that period, it was very difficult for the neonates to undergo timely screening for ROP to prevent blinding complications.

Methods:

A total of 196 preterm babies were screened during the COVID pandemic in the year 2020–2021 using standard precautions by the same ophthalmologist in a tertiary care pediatric hospital. The babies systemic risk factors were also recorded along with ocular screening.

Results:

A total of 38 babies had type 1 treatable ROP and 3 of these developed end-stage ROP. All these presented late due to delay in getting admitted to the hospital neonatology services.

Conclusion:

The study highlights that the incidence of ROP increased as compared to the previous year in the pre-COVID period due to delays in screening and lack of knowledge of pediatricians in the far periphery for ROP screening in preterm babies.
Biosimilars in Retinal Diseases: A Primer
Authors: Rawat Rashmi , Saxena Rushil Kumar , Agarwal Manisha
Published: December 2024

Retinal disease management has witnessed remarkable advances with the development of anti-VEGF molecules such as Lucentis® (ranibizumab), Eylea® (aflibercept), off-label bevacizumab (Avastin) and the latest molecule Brolucizumab i n the management of various retinal diseases such as diabetic macular oedema, neovascular age-related macular degeneration (AMD), and retinal vein occlusions. Patients usually need multiple and frequent dosing of these agents that cause increased financial burden and other unique challenges to the patients. Biosimilar molecules in future can potentially come in the mainstream clinical practice as a more cost-effective choice. It is important for clinicians to have a clear understanding about ophthalmic biosimilars before the industry brings these molecules to mainstream clinical use globally. This article provides an update on biosimilars and will help postgraduates to get a clear view about the various biosimilars that are already in use and those that are in pipeline.
Management of Late onset Capsular Bag Distension Syndrome with Capsular Bag Lavage
Authors: Gupta Sonal , Chaudhary Sanjay , Vermani Divya , Mehra Hema , Pandey Alka
Published: December 2024

Capsular bag distention syndrome (CBDS) is one of the rare causes of decrease in vision following cataract surgery with signs such as a shallower anterior chamber, unexpected myopic vision, and the build-up of fluid between the implanted lens and the posterior capsule. We report a patient with late onset diminution of vision, following uneventful phacoemulsification with continuous curvilinear capsulorhexis (CCC) and in-the-bag intra ocular lens (IOL) implantation: Post capsular bag lavage the CBDS resolved immediately with no complications and the vision improved to 6/9 after 2 weeks post op. Our case highlights the safety and efficacy of capsular bag lavage technique.
A Cross-Sectional Study of Structural and Functional Assessment in Early and Moderate Cases of Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma
Authors: Sehgal Akriti , Singla Ritesh , Kaur Rajwinder , Kaur Tanvir , Gupta Priyanka , Dahiya Priyanka
Published: December 2024

Aim:

To assess and compare the structural and functional changes in early and moderate cases of primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG).

Materials and Methods:

An observational, cross-sectional study was done on patients with POAG presenting to a tertiary eye center in Northern India. The structural assessment was based on peripapillary retinal nerve fibre layer (RNFL) thickness which was measured using spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) and functional assessment was visual field (VF) assessment which was done using the Humphrey Field analyzer model 740i. Patients were divided into groups according to Hodapp, Parrish, and Anderson’s criteria.

Results:

Fifty eyes (26 patients) with POAG were included in the study. There were 26 (52%) right eyes and 24 (48%) left eyes. Patients’ average age in the early group was 50.90 ± 6.14 years and the moderate group was 54.40 ± 7.51 years. The RNFL thickness was compared among early and moderate cases of POAG. In early cases, RNFL thickness was found to be 106.33 ± 7.09, and in moderate cases, it was 78.93 ± 26.2. The VF indices were compared among early and moderate cases. In early glaucoma, the mean deviation (MD) was found to be −2.82 ± 0.73, and in moderate glaucoma, it was found to be −11.49 ± 8.26. This correlation between structural and functional changes was found to be statistically significant for superior, inferior, average RNFL thickness, and VF MD. Nasal and temporal RNFL and MD were moderately correlated.

Conclusion:

In our study, we correlated RNFL thickness with VF indices. This correlation between structural and functional changes was found to be statistically significant for superior, inferior, average RNFL thickness, and VF indices. Hence, optical coherence tomography seemed to identify RNFL alterations in early glaucoma even when the VFs and disc appear normal.
Wide Field Retinal Imaging –In Diagnosing of Retinal Pathologies
Authors: Ranjan Richa , Bharti Neha , Singh Bhupesh
Published: December 2024

The peripheral retina is affected by many retinal pathologies. However, its documentation until recently was limited even with the montaging techniques available in the traditional fundus cameras. The invention of wide-field and ultra-wide-field imaging systems has helped in the documentation as well as an understanding of many retinal pathologies involving the peripheral retina. This article aims to highlight the importance of wide-field retinal imaging in the diagnosis and management of peripheral retinal pathologies.
Petaloid Cataract with a Happy Ending
Authors: Mittal Lipi , Sharma Mayank
Published: December 2024

Cataracts can develop in an individual as a consequence of both blunt and penetrating injuries. The majority of the traumatic cataracts are visually significant and require intervention in terms of ocular surgery. We describe a case of a young individual presenting to us with the unilateral diminution of vision post blunt trauma 5 years back with the classical petaloid or flowershaped cataract who underwent a phacoemulsification surgery and posterior intraocular lens implantation. Proper history and diagnosis with timely management play a key role in deciding the prognosis.
Mercedes-Benz Logo Cataract
Authors: Sidhu Navneet , Lomi Neiwete , Tandon Radhika
Published: December 2024

Developmental cataracts are amongst the leading causes of treatable childhood blindness. There can be various morphologies of developmental cataract. We present one such unusual morphology of developmental cataract in a 18-year-old female.
Eye on the Future: Virtual Reality Surgical Simulator
Authors: Khullar Srishti , Mishra Sanjay Kumar , Joshi Amrita , Sati Alok , Kumar Pradeep , Unni Deepesh
Published: December 2024

The virtual reality (VR) surgical simulator marks the beginning of an era of technology-based teaching which will help the trainees learn new perspectives on surgical anatomy and repeatedly practice intricate microsurgical steps to their way to perfection. These simulators aid in reducing the initial learning curve for ophthalmology training, improve technical skill acquisition, decrease technical errors in basic surgical skills, and provide a more structured method of evaluation of training. This review will focus on the types, applications, utility, and benefits of adding VR simulation to the residency training curriculum.
Bilateral Epidermal Inclusion Cysts with Unusual Symmetrical Presentation and Review
Authors: Kaur Rajwinder , Dahiya Priyanka , Baghla Panku , Roychoudhary Arnav Kr
Published: December 2024

Epidermal cysts are benign, slow-growing tumors resulting from the proliferation of epidermal cells. A cyst of the eyelid typically presents as a solitary, elevated, round, and freely mobile subcutaneous mass with smooth, overlying skin during adolescence and late adulthood. Usually, cysts are asymptomatic; however, they may become inflamed or secondarily infected. Here, we are reporting a case of bilateral symmetrical epidermal inclusion cyst of the upper eyelid in a 56-year-old female, though epidermal cysts are more common in men. She gave a history of recurrent surgical removal of cysts in both eyes in the past after being misdiagnosed as chalazion.
Pediatric Eye Examination: An Overview
Authors: Baindur Siddharth , Madan Siddharth , Soman Aparna , Sharma Umesh , Sethi Meghna , Garg Kashish , Ogio Chitra , Rastogi Anju
Published: December 2024

The comprehensive pediatric eye and vision examination helps in the evaluation of the structure, function, and health of the eyes and visual system. The parent/caregiver should accompany the child into the examination room for making the examination of a child easier. During the examination, information that is obtained is collated to explain symptoms reported by the patient and/or parent/caregiver and diagnose their cause. A comprehensive pediatric eye examination provides the means to identify the presence of other ocular or systemic conditions that may exist with or without symptoms.