bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Impacts of textile and leather effluent on environment: an assessment through life cycle of fishes and plants
Authors: Hasan Md. Mahabub , Alam AKM Mashud , Haque AKM Monjurul , Moly Habiba H , Tanjil Muhammad
Published: July 2021

The textile and tannery industry in Bangladesh is liable for polluting the soil and water body owing to the discharge of untreated effluents. They use enormous amounts of water, chemicals, and colorants for processing textile and leather products and release a complex mixture of organic and inorganic pollutants and metal contents, which negatively impact the environment. The main objective of this research was to study the deleterious impact of untreated textile and leather effluents on the environment in Bangladesh. For this purpose, textile and leather effluents were collected from industries during discharging after processing. Parameters, such as BOD, COD, pH, TDS, TSS, TH, Turbidity, conductivity, alkalinity, Dissolved Fe, metal contents, etc., were tested to determine the characteristics of the effluents. Moreover, the impact of these effluents on tree plants as well as on fishes was observed over 24 days. The results showed that the effluents contain extremely high values of BOD, COD, TDS, TSS, hardness, conductivity, alkalinity, silica from the recommended discharge limit. It was also observed that leather effluents cause a more harmful effect on the survival of fishes and trees due to the presence of high metal contents than textile effluents. The findings will help address this alarming situation in the ecosystem of Bangladesh and recommend immediate action to save the ecosystem from untreated discharges of industrial effluents.
Remote Sensing Application for Exploring Land Use and Land Cover Dynamics in and Around Chatra Wetland, English Bazar, West Bengal
Authors: Jamal Saleha , Ali Md Ashif
Published: July 2021

Wetlands are often called as biological “supermarket” and “kidneys of the landscape” due to their multiple functions, including water purification, water storage, processing of carbon and other nutrients, stabilization of shorelines and support of aquatic lives. Unfortunately, although being dynamic and productive ecosystem, these wetlands have been affected by human induced land use changes. India is losing wetlands at the rate of 2 to 3 per cent each year due to over-population, direct deforestation, urban encroachment, over fishing, irrigation and agriculture etc (Prasher, 2018). The present study tries to investigate the nature and degree of land use/land cover transformation, their causes and resultant effects on Chatra Wetland. To fulfil the purpose of the study, GIS and remote sensing techniques have been employed. Satellite imageries have been used from United States Geological Survey (USGS) Landsat 7 Enhanced Thematic Mapper plus and Landsat 8 Operational Land Imager for the year 2003 and 2018. Cloud free imageries of 2003 and 2018 have been downloaded from USGS (https://glovis.usgs.gov/) for the month of March and April respectively. Image processing, supervised classificationhas been done in ArcGis 10.5 and ERDAS IMAGINE 14. The study reveals that the settlement hasincreased by about 90.43 per cent in the last 15 years around the Chatra wetland within the bufferzone of 2 Sq km. Similarly agriculture, vegetation, water body, swamp and wasteland witnessed asignificant decrease by 5.94 per cent, 57.69 per cent, 26.64 per cent 4.52 per cent and 55.27 per centrespectively from 2003 to 2018.
De la órbita de la generación del 27 al surrealismo. El caso de Íntimo ser de José María de la Rosa
Authors: Martín Fumero José Manuel
Published: July 2021

José María de la Rosa es uno de los autores de la lírica insular de vanguardia cuya evolución escritural, al igual que otros autores coetáneos como Agustín Espinosa, Domingo López Torres, Emeterio Gutiérrez Albelo o Pedro García Cabrera, partió de la estética última, la del 27, hasta el surrealismo. Este artículo pretende asediar críticamente su obra primera, Íntimo ser (1936), poemario apenas estudiado y de cuyo contenido apenas hay referencias. Realizaremos un análisis de crítica textual a partir de los textos originales publicados por el autor, estudiando tanto sus aspectos temáticos como expresivos, en aras de relacionarlo con los autores anteriormente citados, amén de con otros nombres del 27 cuya lectura nutrió su proceso creativo. Como resultados, podrá apreciarse que la estética del 27 supuso un aprendizaje necesario para, finalmente, desembocar en el torrente surrealista.
Atisbos de México en La realidad y el deseo: “El elegido” de Luis Cernuda
Authors: Muñoz Covarrubias Pablo
Published: July 2021

El presente artículo explora la presencia de México en la poesía de Luis Cernuda. Antes de mudarse al continente americano, el poeta ya había escrito su poema “Quetzalcóatl”, una composición en que reflexionó acerca del papel de la historia, la mitología y el exilio. Su estancia en México amplió su conocimiento del país y sirvió para profundizar su interés y su amor. Variaciones sobre tema mexicano es frecuentemente citado para ejemplificar esto. A pesar de que la presencia de México en La realidad y el deseo pueda parecer no tan significativa, poemas como “El elegido” nos demuestran lo contrario. En “El elegido”, Cernuda transforma la historia y el mito y los convierte en poesía. Este artículo reúne y comenta los textos aprovechados para la redacción del poema citado y destaca la tradición a la que se acoge. Además, nuestra investigación enfatiza la forma en que Cernuda selecciona las imágenes y los simbolismos de una cultura y los aprovecha en su discurso poético.
Harnessing autocatalytic reactions in polymerization and depolymerization
Authors: Kumar Rajeev , Liu Zening , Lokitz Brad , Chen Jihua , Carrillo Jan-Michael , Jakowski Jacek , Collier C. Patrick , Retterer Scott , Advincula Rigoberto
Published: July 2021

Autocatalysis and its relevance to various polymeric systems are discussed by taking inspiration from biology. A number of research directions related to synthesis, characterization, and multi-scale modeling are discussed in order to harness autocatalytic reactions in a useful manner for different applications ranging from chemical upcycling of polymers (depolymerization and reconstruction after depolymerization), self-generating micelles and vesicles, and polymer membranes. Overall, a concerted effort involving in situ experiments, multi-scale modeling, and machine learning algorithms is proposed to understand the mechanisms of physical and chemical autocatalysis. It is argued that a control of the autocatalytic behavior in polymeric systems can revolutionize areas such as kinetic control of the self-assembly of polymeric materials, synthesis of self-healing and self-immolative polymers, as next generation of materials for a sustainable circular economy.

Graphic Abstract
Semantyka marmuru w teorii i praktyce polskiej rzeźby sakralnej w drugiej połowie XIX wieku
Authors:   Akademia Sztuk Pięknych, im. Eugeniusza Gepperta we Wrocławiu, Polska, Nitka Maria
Published: July 2021

The article is an attempt to present the semantics of marble in the sacred Polish sculpture of Romanticism. Taking as its starting point the modern theory of art, it first emphasizes the special role of white marble in modern sculptural theory and practice, and then outlines the foundation of this judgment in the art of the classicist era, especially in the theory of J.J. Winckelmann. Together with the spread of classical tastes, the significance of this view for Polish modern sculpture is shown, in which, in accordance with Winckelmann’s taste, white marble was perceived as the noblest raw material, worthy of the images of the gods. In the Romantic era, following G. W. Hegel, marble was regarded as “spiritual” stone, the most suitable for the depiction of the sacred. This was expressed in the theory and practice of sculpture by such artists as Cyprian Norwid and Teofil Lenartowicz, who went to Rome – the capital of sacred art – to sculpt in this material. They were followed by other Polish sculptors who also went to Rome to work in marble. The article shows their struggles, which ended successfully only for T.O. Sosnowski. In his works, however, white marble from “animate” stone went on to become material suitable for making repetitive compositions in the spirit of Italian Purism. Marble evolved from being material suitable for the representation of gods to one used for commercial objects, which was perfectly illustrated by Norwid in his short story „Ad leones!”
Моделювання процесів теплообміну в мікромеханічних перетворювачах на основі добавок наночасток графена
Authors: Черниш Б.Б. , Артеменко С.В.
Published: July 2021

Вивчення термодинамічних та електричних властивостей міктомеханічних перетворювачів дає змогу краще зрозуміти за якими принципами відбуваються процеси в наноматеріалах, та за допомогою яких комбінацій послідовності дій можливо впливати на ці процеси. Основою мікромеханічного сенсорів є вбудовані наноструктуровані матеріали, які являються основою в якості нових матеріалів що мають задані властивості. Види генеалогічного дерева графена: графіт – багатошаровий графен, фуллерен (C60) – упакований графен, вуглецеві нанотрубки (CNT) – згорнутий графен, при додавані до струмопровідних полімерів сворюють нові мателіали з певними властивостями які потрібно дослідити. Запропоновано алгоритм розрахунку термодинамічних властивостей середовищ на основі рівняння стану NIST (National Institute of Standards and Technologies)  при різних концентраціях наночасток графена що змішуються з струмопровідним полімером Pedot:PSS. Проведені розрахунки показали, що більшим значенням теплопровідності відповідають нижчі максимальні температури графенового шару, а збільшення потужності теплового потоку призводить до збільшення максимальної температури. Наведено термодинамічні властивості розчину карбонових нанотрубок зі струмопровідним полімером. Запропоновані регулярні та сингулярні частини термодинамічної поверхні референтної рідини та нанофлюїду (концентрація наночастинок у кількості < 3 % у зведеному вигляді). Розглянуто альтернативний підхід до інтенсифікації теплообміну на основі концепції нанофлюїдів, тобто модифікації властивостей базисної сполуки за рахунок наноструктур. Теоретично передбачено резистивну залежність від температури. Описано результати розрахунків фазової рівноваги для флюїдних сполук. Показано, що виробництво наноребер є однією з найбільш актуальних проблем застосування нанотехнологій в теплоенергетиці
Hypostomus hermanni redescription and a new species of Hypostomus (Siluriformes: Loricariidae) from Upper Paraná River basin, Brazil
Authors: Dias Angelica Corrêa , Zawadzki Cláudio Henrique
Published: July 2021

Abstract A redescription of Hypostomus hermanni is presented herein along with the description of a new species of Hypostomus, which is apparently endemic to the Ivaí River basin, a tributary of the Upper Paraná River basin, Brazil. Hypostomus hermanni is diagnosed from congeners mainly by having: usually large black blotches on body and fins; absence of keels on compound pterotic, on pre-dorsal plates, and on lateral series of bony plates; by having parieto-supraoccipital and predorsal region flat; and by having less than 46 teeth per each premaxilla or dentary ramus. The new species is distinguished from congeners mainly for lacking conspicuous blotches, parieto-supraoccipital non-carinate, and villiform bicuspid teeth.
Challenges of Coating Textiles with Graphene
Authors: Neves Ana I. S. , Saadi Zakaria
Published: July 2021

Electronic textiles (e-textiles) hold the key for seamless integration of electronic devices for wearable applications. Compared to other flexible substrates, such as plastic films, textiles are, however, challenging substrates to work with due to their surface roughness. Researchers at the University of Exeter, UK, demonstrated that using different coating techniques as well as different types of graphene coatings is the key to overcome this challenge. The results of coating selected monofilament textile fibres and woven textiles with graphene are discussed here. These conductive textiles are fundamental components in e-textiles, and some applications will be reviewed in this paper. That includes light-emitting devices, touch and position sensors, as well as temperature and humidity sensors. The possibility of triboelectric energy harvesting is also discussed as the next step to realise self-powered e-textiles.
Regulating embodied carbon dioxide emissions in construction – how to get it right
Authors: Maclean Toby
Published: July 2021

National regulation of embodied greenhouse gas emissions in construction is inevitable given the world’s growing commitment to achieving net zero. Toby Maclean of UK environmental structural engineers firm Allt says this needs to go beyond simple life-cycle assessments to be effective.
Modelling deformations in water retention structures with unsaturated material point method
Authors: Girardi Veronica , Yerro Alba , Ceccato Francesca , Simonini Paolo
Published: July 2021

To conduct landslide risk assessment and assess the consequences of dam and levee failures, it is important to understand the overall failure evolution process that ranges from small-strain initiation to large-strain post-failure runout. To achieve this goal and simulate such landslide events, emerging large-strain numerical approaches, such as the material point method (MPM), show promising potential as tools to model the entire instability mechanism. While successfully incorporating multi-phase interactions in granular porous media. Soil–water interaction in unsaturated soils is critical when dynamic hydraulic loads act on levees, such as when the fluvial upstream water levels oscillate and in episodes of heavy rainfall infiltration. Recently, MPM has been successfully used in many geotechnical engineering applications, which in turn motivated further advancements of multi-phase formulations. This study presents an application of a novel single-point two-phase MPM formulation to model unsaturated soils subjected to transient hydraulic boundary conditions. The potential of this approach is discussed by analysing a large-scale slope failure experiment. Results are compared with the finite-element method and limit equilibrium method. It is concluded that similar results are obtained at small strains, but MPM allows the post-failure behaviour to be estimated, which is essential for risk management.
Super‐refractory status epilepticus in autoimmune encephalitis treated with interleukin‐1 receptor antagonist, anakinra
Authors: Choi Chun‐ho , Ma Sze‐ho , Ma Karen KY. , Leung Howan , Mok Vincent CT.
Published: July 2021

Autoimmune encephalitis is increasingly recognised as a major cause of new‐onset refractory status epilepticus. Early immunotherapy with agents such as methylprednisolone is recommended. Anakinra is an interleukin‐1 receptor antagonist used for various inflammatory disorders. It has been used successfully in the treatment of febrile infection‐related epilepsy syndrome in children and in one adult case. In this case report, we describe a case of super‐refractory status epilepticus in a 38‐year‐old female due to autoimmune encephalitis who was treated successfully with anakinra after 16 weeks of therapeutic coma and failing multiple immunotherapies. Despite a prolonged period of therapeutic coma, this patient made a reasonable recovery with effective communication and ability to walk with assistance upon discharge. We propose that the successful treatment with anakinra in our case could be due to elevated inflammatory cytokines in the pathogenesis of autoimmune encephalitis, although we acknowledge that interleukin levels were unfortunately not available. We conclude that anakinra can be a valuable alternative option in patients with autoimmune encephalitis refractory to conventional immunotherapies.
Detecting performance difficulty of learners in colonoscopy: Evidence from eye-tracking
Authors: Liu Xin , Zheng Bin , Duan Xiaoqin , He Wenjing , Li Yuandong , Zhao Jinyu , Zhao Chen , Wang Lin
Published: July 2021

Eye-tracking can help decode the intricate control mechanism in human performance. In healthcare, physicians-in-training requires extensive practice to improve their healthcare skills. When a trainee encounters any difficulty in the practice, they will need feedback from experts to improve their performance. The personal feedback is time-consuming and subjected to bias. In this study, we tracked the eye movements of trainees during their colonoscopic performance in simulation. We applied deep learning algorithms to detect the eye-tracking metrics on the moments of navigation lost (MNL), a signature sign for performance difficulty during colonoscopy. Basic human eye gaze and pupil characteristics were learned and verified by the deep convolutional generative adversarial networks (DCGANs); the generated data were fed to the Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) networks with three different data feeding strategies to classify MNLs from the entire colonoscopic procedure. Outputs from deep learning were compared to the expert’s judgment on the MNLs based on colonoscopic videos. The best classification outcome was achieved when we fed human eye data with 1000 synthesized eye data, where accuracy (90%), sensitivity (90%), and specificity (88%) were optimized. This study built an important foundation for our work of developing a self-adaptive education system for training healthcare skills using simulation.
Der ironische Modus im aktuellen Liebesroman
Authors: Pokrywka Rafał
Published: July 2021

Der ironische Modus ist ein Komplex von literarischen, vor allem strukturellen, me-tafiktionalen, intertextuellen, verfremdenden und illusionsbrechenden Verfahren, die im ak-tuellen Liebesroman eingesetzt werden. Dem liegt ein relativistisches Verständnis der Liebe als kulturelles Konstrukt zugrunde. In diesem Beitrag wird der ironische Modus dem utopi-schen entgegengesetzt sowie nach seiner Wirksamkeit in der neuesten deutschsprachigen Li-teratur gefragt. Angesprochen werden Liebesromane von Wolf Haas, Monique Schwitter, Christoph Höhtker, Peter Handke, Martin Walser, Friedrich Christian Delius, Navid Kermani, Brigitte Kronauer, Olga Flor, Elfriede Jelinek, Sibylle Berg, Marlene Streeruwitz und Corinna T. Sievers.
It’s not Okay! The Importance of Educating our Population Taking Prescribed Controlled Substances, Regarding the Risks for Dependency and Addiction
Authors: CM Davies , PF Franzese
Published: July 2021

This article will focus on the major narcotic, and opioid prescription epidemic that is overpowering our nation destroying lives, families, and resulting in death. As healthcare professionals, nursing educators, family nurse practitioner, and Doctor of Nursing Practice with prescription privileges in New York State, in our scopes of practice we always inform and educate all individuals we care for concerning all medications they are prescribed. While we have sought to achieve this educational goal in our professional capacity, as human beings with medical issues like anyone else, we have also been the patients. Our life altering experiences resulted in extensive hospital stays and physical rehabilitation therapy, which required the need of opiate, controlled medications during our inpatient and outpatient recoveries. What we found alarming about the state of our care was not the management of the injuries we sustained, but the lack of education that should have been directed towards us and our families, regarding the use and discontinuance of prescribed opioids upon discharge. We personally observed that there is an overall lack of education in this area. As healthcare practitioners, we are all on the front line and serve to ensure safety of all individuals and the diverse populations we serve. Everyone in healthcare beginning with prescribers, medical staff, and nursing staff, must have the knowledge to explain to the patient and family what a controlled substance is, as well as the inherent risk of becoming addicted, tapering methods, signs and symptoms of withdrawal, and a basic understanding of the dangers that become apparent with self-administration of controlled substances upon discharge. Without proper education, many community populations are at risk for harm. Education is indeed the key and a priority at the forefront of medicine and nursing that ensures patients and their families have a thorough understanding of all the risks associated with these potent narcotics.
momHealth: A Feasibility Study of a Multi-behavioral Health Intervention for Pregnant and Parenting Adolescent Mothers
Authors: Wambach Karen , Davis Ann , Nelson Eve Lynn , Snow Kelli , Yungmeyer Annie , Muzzy Rachel , Romero Karman , Murray Megan
Published: July 2021

Introduction. In 2016, 209,809 babies were born to mothers 15 -19 years of age, for a live birth rate of 20.3 per 1,000 in this age group. Many health issues surround adolescent mothers and their infants, many  which can be addressed through behavioral change. We examined feasibility and acceptability of momHealth, a Multiple Health Behavior Change (MHBC) intervention focused on breastfeeding, healthy eating/active living, and depression prevention among pregnant and parenting adolescents.
Methods. We used a one-group quasi-experimental longitudinal design. Nine iPad-delivered education modules, text messaging, and virtual group and individual support were provided for 12 weeks, beginning at 32 weeks of pregnancy with follow-up to 3 months postpartum. Data were collected at three home visits and ten postpartum weekly and biweekly online surveys.
Results. Although recruitment and attrition presented challenges, six participants enrolled; all were pregnant with their first child, single, and had a mean age of 17.7 years (SD = 1.4). Intervention participation ranged from 59% to 91% for intervention components and three peer support groups were held. Intervention feasibility was supported by reports of clear and relevant content, reasonable time burden, iPad ease of use, and acceptable intervention length. Data collection was reported as convenient and non-burdensome, but diet recalls and activity monitoring challenged some.   
Conclusions. This was the first MHBC research in adolescent pregnant women to improve breastfeeding outcomes, healthy eating/active living, and depression prevention. Findings demonstrated strengths and challenges of the interventions and methods, support feasibility and acceptability of momhealth, and informed a pilot randomized trial.
Repositioning People in Creative Futures: A Method to Create Sound Advice with Exploratory Scenarios
Authors:   Polytechnic University of Madrid, Velasco Guillermo ,   University of Manchester, Popper Rafael ,   University of Manchester,   Futures Diamond Ltd.,   National Research University Higher School of Economics, Miles Ian ,   University of Manchester,   National Research University Higher School of Economics
Published: July 2021

Foresight scenarios are not only useful presentational devices to show that many aspects of the future are open. Scenarios are means for generating advice that helps policymakers initiate actions in the present or near future that will be of long-term significance. Despite the influence that such advice may have on policy decisions, the Foresight literature has paid very little attention to the creation of policy recommendations. Though reports of scenario exercises frequently conclude with lists of recommendations that follow from the study, there is very little explication of the process whereby advice is elicited from the examination of these future scenarios. This paper addresses this gap, examining how the generation of recommendations is related to the development of scenarios within multiple future repositioning workshop settings. It focuses on the fluency and originality of these recommendations, and how this is influenced by repositioning participants in highly transformational scenarios. Repositioning is the process whereby participants are invited to imagine themselves playing roles in hypothetical future contexts, and on that basis to make decisions or devise strategies as if they actually were immersed in these circumstances. The method proposed and the findings of the case study have implications for why and how this future repositioning approach can be incorporated as a ‘key feature’ in the design of Foresight activities. The aim is also to raise awareness of the need for more exploration of Foresight recommendation methodology.
Экологическая политика и гражданское участие в российских мегаполисах: достижения и вызовы с позиции городских стейкхолдеров
Authors: Ермолаева Полина , Башева Ольга , Корунова Валерия
Published: July 2021

В статье на материалах анализа документов, серии экспертных интервью c разными городскими стейкхолдерами (N=60), репрезентативного опроса населения городов Москвы и Казани (N=1500) раскрываются основные сложности и достижения экологической политики в крупных российских мегаполисах в мнениях различных городских групп. Внимание уделяется особенностям экологического гражданского участия и взаимодействия городских стейкхолдеров в экологической политике мегаполисов. Использование иммитационного подхода позволило проанализировать экологическую политику как серию симулякров: городские элиты симулируют вовлечение населения в городскую повестку, горожане – заинтересованность в такой деятельности. Анализ показал, что несмотря на усиление экологического компонента в стратегических целях развития российских городов, на практике проводимая политика обеспечивает лишь поверхностное улучшение экологической обстановки. Основная проблема в городах заключается в неоднозначности положений экологического законодательства, в неорганизованности межведомственного взаимодействия уполномоченных органов при принятии и реализации управленческих решений, а также в почти полном исключении из этого процесса профессиональных экологов и представителей общественности. При этом мнения московских экспертов по вопросу их включения в принятие экологических решений разделились: одни считают, что экологи не участвуют в данном процессе, а другие, наоборот, – что все решения проходят их экспертную оценку. По мнению группы скептиков, их роль в экологической политике городов, а также весь процесс организации гражданского участия имеет символический перформативный характер и является срежиссированным политическими элитами. Симуляция гражданской вовлеченности в экологическую политику городов воспроизводит скептицизм, апатию и недоверие городских групп к публичной политике властей. На основе результатов исследования авторы приводят рекомендации по повышению эффективности экологической политики в городах и вовлечению различных групп населения в процесс принятия решений по социально-экологическим вопросам.
[RETRACTED] Manual do Texto 2.0 PDF GRATIS BAIXAR EBOOK DOWNLOAD v1
Authors: not provided manualdotexto.pdf
Published: July 2021

[RETRACTED]

Manual do Texto 2.0 PDF DOWNOAD GRATIS BAIXAR EBOOK
Clements Kadalie, the trade unionist, and prophet Shepherd Bushiri
Authors: Mzondi Modisa
Published: July 2021

The gold rush in South Africa required many workers, both skilled and unskilled, to work on the surface and underground in the recently discovered gold deposits on the Witwatersrand. Mining companies ventured to lure such labour across South(ern) Africa. As such, in the past century, trade union leadership and religious leadership in South Africa shared similar objectives. Clements Kadalie is one of those workers who reached South Africa to offer cheap labour and ended as a union leader. The post 1994 South African democratic dispensation attracted many people to pursue better economic opportunities. Shepherd Bushiri is one of them. This article engages in some theological reflections on these two leaders and their influence among the poor and destitute in South Africa, and by employing case study analysis.
GRAMMATICAL MEANS OF CONTAMINATED COHESION IN ENGLISH MULTIMODAL LITERARY FAIRY TALES: DYNAMICS OF PRAGMATIC PROPERTIES
Authors: Karp Marta
Published: July 2021

The relevance of the study is due to the need for comprehensive disclosure of grammatical means of cohesion in the organization of English multimodal literary fairy tales from the standpoint of the functional paradigm of modern linguistic studies and taking into account the achievements of semiotics, narratology, text linguistics, discourse stylistics. The object of research concerns the contaminated cohesion of the English multimodal fictional text of the literary fairy tales written by Philip Ardagh. The subject of the research deals with the grammatical means of cohesion in the multimodal organization of modern English literary fairy tales by Philip Ardagh. The aim of the study is to identify and characterize the structural, semiotic and narrative aspects of the category of cohesion of English multimodal literary fairy tales that determine its text-forming nature. Stated aim implies the need to solve the following tasks: to develop semiotic and narrative approach to the analysis of grammatical means of cohesion in English multimodal literary fairy tales by Philip Ardagh; to analyze the verbal and nonverbal interaction of the components of contaminated cohesion in the structure of the analyzed literary fairy tales; to establish the dominant structural, semiotic and narrative features of the creation of contaminated cohesion in literary fairy tales. The scientific novelty of the obtained results is determined by the fact that for the first time a comprehensive analysis of the text-forming category of cohesion in a modern English multimodal literary fairy tale based on the methodological paradigm of functionalism, which covers structural, semiotic and narrative aspects has been carried out.
Epilepsy in children and adult women and men
Authors: Neznanov N. G. , Mikhaylov V. A.
Published: July 2021

The report is dedicated to the landmark work by V.A. Karlov “Epilepsy in children and adult women and men”, 2nd edition, released in 2019. Here, there are discussed crucial aspects underlying a theory and application for epilepsy treatment reflected in the monograph that underline a great importance for complete all-encompassing analysis of experience and advances in domestic and foreign epileptology described in the book.
Seismic and Geodetic Analysis of Rupture Characteristics of the 2020 Mw 6.5 Monte Cristo Range, Nevada, Earthquake
Authors: Liu Chengli , Lay Thorne , Pollitz Fred F. , Xu Jiao , Xiong Xiong
Published: July 2021

The largest earthquake since 1954 to strike the state of Nevada, United States, ruptured on 15 May 2020 along the Monte Cristo range of west-central Nevada. The Mw 6.5 event involved predominantly left-lateral strike-slip faulting with minor normal components on three aligned east–west-trending faults that vary in strike by 23°. The kinematic rupture process is determined by joint inversion of Global Navigation Satellite Systems displacements, Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) data, regional strong motions, and teleseismic P and SH waves, with the three-fault geometry being constrained by InSAR surface deformation observations, surface ruptures, and relocated aftershock distributions. The average rupture velocity is 1.5  km/s, with a peak slip of ∼1.6  m and a ∼20  s rupture duration. The seismic moment is 6.9×1018  N·m. Complex surface deformation is observed near the fault junction, with a deep near-vertical fault and a southeast-dipping fault at shallow depth on the western segment, along which normal-faulting aftershocks are observed. There is a shallow slip deficit in the Nevada ruptures, probably due to the immature fault system. The causative faults had not been previously identified and are located near the transition from the Walker Lane belt to the Basin and Range province. The east–west geometry of the system is consistent with the eastward extension of the Mina Deflection of the Walker Lane north of the White Mountains.
Measurement of Surface-Wave Phase-Velocity Dispersion on Mixed Inertial Seismometer – Distributed Acoustic Sensing Seismic Noise Cross-Correlations
Authors: Nayak Avinash , Ajo-Franklin Jonathan ,   The Imperial Valley Dark Fiber Team
Published: July 2021

The application of ambient seismic noise cross-correlation to distributed acoustic sensing (DAS) data recorded by subsurface fiber-optic cables has revolutionized our ability to obtain high-resolution seismic images of the shallow subsurface. However, passive surface-wave imaging using DAS arrays is often restricted to Rayleigh-wave imaging and 2D imaging along straight segments of DAS arrays due to the intrinsic sensitivity of DAS being limited to axial strain along the cable for the most common type of fiber. We develop the concept of estimating empirical surface waves from mixed-sensor cross-correlation of velocity noise recorded by three-component seismometers and strain-rate noise recorded by DAS arrays. Using conceptual arguments and synthetic tests, we demonstrate that these cross-correlations converge to empirical surface-wave axial strain response at the DAS arrays for virtual single step forces applied at the seismometers. Rotating the three orthogonal components of the seismometer to a tangential–radial–vertical reference frame with respect to each DAS channel permits separate analysis of Rayleigh waves and Love waves for a medium that is sufficiently close to 1D and isotropic. We also develop and validate expressions that facilitate the measurement of surface-wave phase velocity on these noise cross-correlations at far-field distances using frequency–time analysis. These expressions can also be used for DAS surface-wave records of active sources at local distances. We demonstrate the recovery of both Rayleigh waves and Love waves in noise cross-correlations derived from a dark fiber DAS array in the Sacramento basin, northern California, and nearby permanent seismic stations at frequencies ∼0.1–0.2  Hz, up to distances of ∼80  km. The phase-velocity dispersion measured on these noise cross-correlations are consistent with those measured on traditional noise cross-correlations for seismometer pairs. Our results extend the application of DAS to 3D ambient noise Rayleigh-wave and Love-wave tomography using seismometers surrounding a DAS array.
A note concerning the sense of the first P motion for the Montana earthquake of August 18, 1959
Authors: Nuttli Otto
Published: July 2021

The short- and long-period seismograms at both St. Louis and Florissant appear to indicate an opposite sense of the first P motion for the Montana earthquake of August 18, 1959. The P motions are impulsive and seem to arrive simultaneously on both the short- and long-period seismograms.

In order to avoid any doubt about the relation between trace and ground displacements, seismograms of the earthquake of August 26, 1959, are reproduced. The first P motion is impulsive, and shows the same sense on both the short- and long-period seismograms.
Local earthquake location with an electronic computer
Authors: Flinn E. A.
Published: July 2021

A straightforward least-squares iterative procedure for locating local earthquakes using only the direct waves Pg and Sg is now in use at the Australian National University. An IBM 650 electronic computer is used for all calculations, including estimates of the probable error of epicentral coordinates, depth of focus, and origin time.
A field report on the Alaska earthquakes of April 7, 1958
Authors: Davis T. Neil
Published: July 2021

The Alaska earthquake at 0530 on April 7, 1958 (150° WMT) was the largest (Richter scale 7−712) of a series of shocks centered in an area near Huslia, Alaska. The field epicenter located at 65° 45'N, 155° 45'W lies in the Koyukuk Basin where arrested sand dune deposits cover a part of the near-level alluvium deposited by the Koyukuk River. Extensive fracturing occurred in the lake and river ice in the epicentral area and the sand dune deposits were heavily fissured. The most severe damage occurred in a zone approximately 10 miles wide by 40 miles long trending northeast from Huslia. Associated with the sand dunes in this zone were large deposits of silt and sand which flowed to the surface from the alluvium beneath the dunes. Because of the distinctive characteristics of these flows they have been termed sand flows to distinguish them from mud flows and sand blows. Associated with the sand flows were surface collapses resulting in near-conical pits as much as 30 feet deep and up to 120 feet in diameter. The earthquakes caused little monetary damage, although the main shock registered a Modified Mercalli intensity V or more over an area in excess of 100,000 square miles.
Checking the performance of electrodynamic seismometers
Authors: Peterson P.
Published: July 2021

The performance of electrodynamic seismometers slowly deteriorates as the magnets age and the hinges become strained. This deterioration can be determined by the extremely simple measurement of the d.c. sensitivities of the seismometer and galvanometer and the change in the theoretical synchronous magnification can be calculated.
A comparison of some S-wave studies of earthquake mechanisms
Authors: Stauder William , W. M. Adams
Published: July 2021

Graphical and analytical techniques for using S-waves in focal mechanism studies are compared. In previous applications the analytical technique has shown little or no agreement with the results of fault-plane solutions from P-waves, whereas for other groups of earthquakes the graphical methods have shown good agreement between the S-waves and the P-wave solutions. It is shown that the graphical and analytical techniques are identical in principle and that when the graphical methods are applied to the same three earthquakes to which the analytical technique had been applied the identical results are obtained.

Closer examination of the graphical presentation of the data, however, shows that the disagreement between the S-waves and the fault plane solutions from P is largely apparent. The discrepancy follows upon the peculiar scatter in the S-wave data and the chance occurrence of observations of S at stations located along closely parallel planes of polarization of S. Once this is understood, it is seen that the direction of polarization of S-waves is in substantial agreement with the methods of analysis of focal mechanisms from P-waves, and that the data are consistent with a simple dipole as the point model of the earthquake focus.
Crustal structure of the Andes from Rayleigh wave dispersion
Authors: Cisternas Armando
Published: July 2021

Records from a Benioff short-period seismograph located at Huancayo, Peru, are digitalized and then passed through a low-pass filter to get the long-period waves. In this way the dispersion curves of Rayleigh waves for paths along the Andes can be computed from seismograms which otherwise would be unusable. The comparison with the empirical curve for a “normal” continental crust (Press 1960) and with specially computed theoretical models indicates a crustal thickness of the order of 50 km. For periods between 20 and 25 sec., the observed group velocity shows abnormally low values.
A fast, convenient program for computation of surface-wave dispersion curves in multilayered media
Authors: Press Frank , Harkrider David , Seafeldt C. A.
Published: July 2021

Surface wave analysis has become an important tool for exploration of crustal and mantle structure. The need exists for fast, convenient digital computer programs for computing theoretical dispersion curves and displacements for Rayleigh waves and Love waves. One such program for an IBM 7090 computer is described and made available to the scientific community. Among the conveniences are mail-order service, high speed, and choice of many options.
A digital seismograph system for measuring earth noise
Authors: Haubrich R. A. , Iyer H. M.
Published: July 2021

A digitally recording seismograph station has been installed to record and study earth noise in the frequency range of 0.01 to 1 cps. The system is capable of recording four channels of information plus time on paper tape at sample rates of up to three times per second with a dynamic range of 90 db. Preliminary analyses of the digital records show that the spectral peak between 0.1 and 0.2 cps exhibits properties consistent with Rayleigh waves arriving from the southwest mixed with isotropic noise.
Attenuation of dispersed wave trains
Authors: Brune James N.
Published: July 2021

It is shown that groups of seismic waves are attenuated by the factor exp −exp⁡−πXQUT where X is the distance, U the group velocity, T the period and Q−1 is a measure of the damping of free oscillations. Accordingly, observations of Q given by Ewing and Press (1954 a, b) and Sato (1958) are revised by the ratio of the phase velocity to the group velocity.
The Hebgen Lake, Montana, earthquake of August 18, 1959: P waves
Authors: Ryall Alan
Published: July 2021

The instrumental epicenter of the Hebgen Lake earthquake is found to lie within the region of surface faulting. The depth of focus had a maximum value of 25 kilometers.

Times of P are studied in detail for epicentral distances less than 13 degrees. The apparent scatter of arrival times from 700 to 1400 kilometers can be explained by variations of the velocity of Pn between the physiographic provinces of the western United States. A comparison of observations for the Hebgen Lake earthquake with published times for blasts in Nevada and Utah indicates that the velocity of Pn in the central and eastern Basin and Range is about 7.5 km/sec, and that the crust in that region thickens toward the east and thins toward the south. A comparison of apparent velocities in northern California, in directions parallel and transverse to the structure, indicates that the crust thins by about 19 kilometers, from the edge of the Sierra Nevada to the Pacific Ocean.

A discontinuity is observed in the travel-time curve at a distance of 24–25 degrees. Arrivals of P waves in the range 65–128 degrees fall on two parallel travel-time branches; this multiplicity in the travel-time curve may be related to repeated motion at the source. Travel-times of PKIKP appear to deviate from published curves.

The fault-plane solution for the Hebgen Lake earthquake, together with a consideration of the first motion at Bozeman, Montana, indicates a focal mechanism of the dipole, or fault, type. The strike and dip of the instrumental fault plane agree well with observed ruptures at the surface.
A special-purpose program for earthquake location with an electronic computer
Authors: Nordquist John M.
Published: July 2021

An electronic digital computer program has been developed for determining the source and origin time of a local earthquake by the method of least squares, using the times of arrival of direct and refracted P waves at stations in the Pasadena network. Output includes the geographic coordinates and depth of the source, the origin time, direct distances from the source to each station, and the difference between observed and computed arrival time of P at each station. Limitations to the applicability of the program are discussed.
A hall-effect seismograph
Authors: Nałęcz Maciej , Zawicki Ignacy
Published: July 2021

The principle of operation and the amplitude and phase frequency characteristics of a newtype seismograph are discussed and compared with those of an electrodynamic seismograph. The properties of this instrument allowing its use also as a tiltmeter are set forth. The action of the new seismograph is based on utilization of the Hall effect in semiconductors. Experimental results obtained with the new device are given.
A note on Love waves in a homogeneous crust overlying an inhomogeneous substratum
Authors: Deresiewicz H.
Published: July 2021

abstract

The secular equation is derived, governing the phase velocity of Love waves in a homogeneous elastic crust resting on an inhomogeneous elastic substratum, for a number of variations of shear modulus and density with depth.
A transient technique for seismograph calibration
Authors: Espinosa A. F. , Sutton G. H. , Miller H. J.
Published: July 2021

abstract

A transient technique for seismograph calibration was developed and tested by a variety of methods. In the application of this technique a known transient in the form of an electrical signal is injected, through (a) a Willmore-type calibration bridge or (b) an independent coil, into the seismometer and the corresponding output transient of the system is recorded. The ratio of the Fourier transform of this transient to that of the input pulse yields phase and relative amplitude response of the seismograph as a function of period. Absolute amplitude response may be calculated if two easily determined constants of the seismometer are known. This technique makes practical the daily calibration of continuously-recording seismographs without disturbing the instruments more than a very few minutes. The transient technique was tested and proven satisfactory with results of more conventional steady-state methods, using both digital and analog analyses of the output transients.

A variety of output transients corresponding to various theoretical response curves has been calculated for two standard input transients. By comparison of the calculated output transients with experimental results it is possible to obtain the response of the instrument with considerable precision quickly and without computation.
The propagation of short elastic surface waves on a slowly rotating earth
Authors: Backus G. E.
Published: July 2021

abstract

The effects of slow rotation with angular velocity Ω on Love and Rayleigh waves with given horizontal wave vector k on a plane-layered, transversely isotropic half-space have been calculated to first order in Ω. The frequency of Love waves is unaffected by rotation, while the frequency of Rayleigh waves is increased by k−1R(k)Ω · (z^ × k) where z^ is the unit outward normal to the boundary of the half-space and R(k) is a dimensionless function of k, the length of k. R(k) lies between −1 and 1, and vanishes identically for a homogeneous, isotropic halfspace with Poisson ratio 14. The vertical and longitudinal particle motions in a Love wave do not vanish and are neither in phase nor in quadrature with the transverse motion. The transverse particle motion in a Rayleigh wave does not vanish and is neither in phase nor in quadrature with the vertical and longitudinal motions.

It has been shown that a group of short, multicomponent waves on an anisotropic curved surface behaves like a classical particle, whose Hamiltonian is generated by the local dispersion relation and the curvilinear coordinates used to describe the surface. This extension of Hamilton's eikonal theory, together with the plane dispersion relations just derived, has been applied to Love and Rayleigh waves of given wave number k on a radially stratified, transversely isotropic sphere of radius a rotating slowly with angular velocity Ω. Correct to first order in Ω and (ak)−1, the trajectory of a Love wave group is unaffected by rotation, while the plane of the great circle trajectory of a Rayleigh wave group maintains its inclination to the axis of rotation and precesses about that axis with angular velocity (ak)−)R(k)Ω. Because of this precession, at a fixed seismograph the direction of arrival of 333 second mantle Rayleigh waves from a point impulsive source changes systematically by about 2R degrees after each circuit of the earth.
Concurrent storms of long and ultralong period microseisms
Authors: Oliver Jack , Page Robert
Published: July 2021

Storms of ultralong period (14-18 seconds) microseisms are shown to be concurrent with storms of the more familiar long period (7-9 seconds) microseisms, and to be related to the same meteorological disturbances. Data from Palisades, New York, were analyzed for two cases, one for a meteorological storm over the northeastern Pacific and one for a meteorological storm in the northwestern Atlantic. The conclusions are based on correlation of continuous spectral analyses of the concurrent microseism storms, and on ground particle motion studies.

The periods of the ultralong period microseisms at any given time are, within the precision of the measurements, twice the periods of the long period microseisms at that time.