bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Efficiency Analysis and Optimization Techniques for Base Conversion Algorithms in Computational Systems
Authors: Kodua Wiredu Japheth , Atiyire Basel , Seidu Abuba Nelson , Wiredu Acheampong Reuben
Published: August 2024

The performance of base conversion methods varies greatly across several techniques, and this is important for computer-based systems. This research paper therefore examines the efficiency of three base conversion methods namely; Successive Multiplication Method, Positional Notation Method, and Horner’s Method. Their execution times are evaluated for binary, octal, decimal, and hexadecimal bases with input sizes that range from 1000 to 10,000 digits. Empirical results show that on average Horner’s Method outperforms other methods by having about 40% better execution times and up to 30% more uniformity than Positional Notation Method based upon repeated application of decimal points. Specifically speaking, for hexadecimal conversions, it took on average 0.009 seconds for Horner’s method as against 0.460 seconds for Positional Notation and another 0.009 seconds Successive Multiplication method. These observations indicate that Horner’s method is the most efficient in terms of time taken during a base conversion process as well as its consistency when compared to other techniques used in performing the same task throughout different bases such as decimal point addition repeatedly considered in positional notation numeral system. Notably, Horner’s Method completed a hexadecimal conversion at an average rate of one every nine milliseconds on the other hand the Positional Notation Approach finished one conversion per second while the Successive Multiplication Technique performed at best zero conversions within a given unit of time. It accomplishes these tasks much faster than previous approaches because it does not require multiplication steps or many intermediate calculations before obtaining answers like in Problem I; instead, only a few additions per digit are required which can be done more quickly using modern hardware such as programmable logic arrays (PLAs) according to writer P1 - R3 or even printed circuit boards (PCBs).
Universal Decontaminant for Neutralization of Nerve and Vesicant Chemical Warfare Agents
Authors: Vakhitova Liubov , Drizhd Varvara , Vakhitov Ramil , Bessarabov Volodymyr , Taran Nadiya , Korotkikh Mykola
Published: August 2024

The invention describes a method of obtaining a composition with universal neutralizing action, intended for urgent decontamination of human skin, animal fur, clothes, equipment and premises, contaminated with organophosphorus nerve agents (VX, GB and GD) or sulfuric vesicants (НD). The mentioned toxicants can be used as part of chemical warfare (CW), industrially used pesticides or pharmacological components. Decontamination composition according to the invention is produced and supplied as a dry mixture of active ingredients that should be mixed with water before use. The mixture consists of a peroxosolvate (hydrogen peroxide – urea, a nucleophilic oxidizing agent), an activator (either ammonium bicarbonate or boric acid), a cationic surfactant (for micelle formation) and sodium hydroxide (for рН regulation). The proposed decontamination composition provides 99% degradation of diethyl 4-nitrophenyl phosphate (paraoxon, used as a nerve agent simulant) by nucleophilic mechanism in 30 seconds. The time it takes for the same composition to provide 99% oxidation of methyl phenyl sulfide (used as a vesicant CW agent simulant) is up to 30 minutes. Mentioned chemical processes can be accelerated significantly by adjusting decontamination system рН levels: at рН˃10 the rate of nucleophilic substitution increases, while at рН<10 oxidation reactions accelerate.
From Precariousness to Sustainability: A Participatory and Ecological Housing Project for the Elig Effa Neighborhood
Authors: DONFACK Lizette Marlaine TSAFACK , NKASSE Alain ABA , Blaise MEMPOUO
Published: August 2024

This article examines the precarious housing conditions in the Elig Effa neighborhood. It begins with an analysis of the existing housing in this area, highlighting the main characteristics of the neighborhood as well as the materials and construction techniques commonly used. The study identifies the strengths and weaknesses of these materials, emphasizing their impact on the durability and resilience of the housing. The article then proposes a list of alternative materials better suited to local constraints and environmental requirements. This list is developed considering the ecological properties, availability, and cost of the materials. Finally, the article proposes a participatory and ecological housing model specifically designed for Elig Effa. This model incorporates sustainable construction practices, ecological materials, and promotes the involvement of local communities in the construction process. The proposed model is thus both sustainable and affordable, tailored to the residents' needs, and contributes to the positive transformation of the neighborhood.
Restoration of Anterior Teeth with Laminate Veneers by Digital Workflow: A Case Report
Authors: Bhattacharjee Rahul , Anita Miranda Glynis , Mahendale Avinash
Published: August 2024

From an aesthetic perspective, a person's teeth and smile has a great influence on their whole appearance and self-confidence. If the right method is used, ceramic veneers are thought to be the most durable and conservative alternative among all the other available treatment options. A detailed process for a young patient's anterior teeth rehabilitation using a fully digital workflow is described in this case report.
Replacing Maxillary Posterior Teeth by Cast Partial Denture and Mandibular Arch by Tooth Supported Overdenture: A Case Report
Authors: Bhattacharjee Rahul , V Mehendale Avinash , K Shenoy Vidya
Published: August 2024

In situations where a fixed prosthesis is not recommended, a conventional removable partial denture is a therapy alternative. In contrast to conventional removable partial denture , cast partial denture has several designs with RPI and Clasp assembly. On the other part, the overdenture is advisable to those older individuals who have few teeth left and want to retain teeth due to it’s firmness. The dentures are more stable when roots are maintained beneath the denture base. Moreover, denture retention is improved by using metal copings on the remaining teeth. This clinical report details the technique that fabricates cast partial denture holding the posterior molars of maxillary arch with a tooth supported overdenture with post preparation with 33 and 43.
Classification of Flood Disaster Risk Areas Using Vegetation Index Calculation and Landsat-8 Satellite Imagery in West Sumatra
Authors: Laiths Qatadah M. Abhiel , Zainab Siti
Published: August 2024

One of the Indonesian provinces most vulnerable to flooding catastrophes is West Sumatra. West Sumatra is a province that spans 98°36' to 101°53' East Longitude and 00°54' North Latitude to 03°30' South Latitude. Its total size is roughly 42,297.30 km2, or 4,229,730 hectares, and it is surrounded by around 391 major and small islands. Flash floods and landslides have affected a number of regencies and cities in West Sumatra, including Agam Regency, Tanah Datar Regency, Padang Panjang City, Padang Pariaman Regency, and Padang City. The objective of this study is to use vegetation index estimates based on Landsat-8 satellite images to categorise flood catastrophe risk zones in West Sumatra. NDVI = -0.106 and NDWI = -0.03999, respectively, are examples of vegetation indices that define land as either non-vegetated or sparsely vegetated, and SAVI = 0.0002447 classify areas with water bodies such as rivers/floods.
Development of Risk Management in Supply Chain Activities Using FMEA Method and Improvement Program Through Focus Group Discussion
Authors: Pradipta Juniardi Daniel , Hariadi Agustinus
Published: August 2024

This research analyses the application of the Supply Chain Risk Management (SCRM) model. The aim of this research is to identify risk management at PT. XYZ then analyses the risks that have the potential to cause losses to the company and evaluates the priorities of the company's performance improvement program. This research is a category of business research that uses qualitative research methods. The population in this study is all problems in SCRM that occur with a sample size of risk data for all aspects from January to December 2021. The analysis technique used in this research is the House of Risk (HOR) and Focus Group Discussion (FGD) approaches. to prioritize risk sources with the aim of comparing which decisions should be chosen in order to reduce potential risks from risk sources. This research shows that the risks identified include errors in production planning, delays in delivery of raw materials, and product non-conformity with operational standards. The impact of this risk event is significant on PT. XYZ, such as production delays, increased operational costs, and decreased customer satisfaction. Mitigation strategies implemented include routine scheduling checks, stricter implementation of SOPs, and increased coordination between departments.
Clinical Insights into the Lymphatic System- Functions and Disorders
Authors: Aghanashini Suchetha , Gajavalli Aastha , Sokke Mallikarjunappa Apoorva , .D Anusha
Published: August 2024

Lymphatics play a crucial role in defense mechanism of the body, but there is a wide array of conditions that directly or indirectly alter lymphatics. Lymphatic disease may manifest as imbalance in body fluid homeostasis, immunity impairment, and irregularities in fluid reabsorption. Lymphadenopathy is a major clinical manifestation associated with infection, inflammation, autoimmune disease and malignancy. It is indicative of systemic infection or disease when there is involvement of specific lymph nodes. Lymphatic vessels, constitute the secondary circulatory system in human body after blood circulation, and plays a significant role in maintaining homeostasis throughout the body. They are responsible for absorption and transport of lymph, the immune defense.
Using ADDIE model for scaffolded learning and teaching intervention
Authors: Mdodana-Zide Lulama
Published: August 2024

Learning and Teaching (L&T) research is sometimes challenging for lecturers who are not specialists in the Scholarship of Teaching and Learning (SoTL) or instructional design. Good empirical L&T research should be reflective, based on a sound theoretical foundation, and completed like other research, using appropriate steps in data collection. Many L&T researchers often skip to the intervention or implementation without embedding evidence and proper research steps in the project from the beginning. This study aimed to explore the integration of the ADDIE model with L&T interventions incorporating pedagogical theory. It also aimed to examine how the findings from implementing this model in SoTL projects can inform best practices for instructional design and contribute to the broader scholarship on teaching and learning. The study adopted a mixed-method approach with a pre-post-test design. A collaborative interventive research project was purposively selected, focusing on First Year, Senior, and Further Education and Training (SEN&FET) Bachelor of Education students who are trained to teach grades 8-12. The results confirmed the efficacy of the ADDIE model steps as a useful instructional design framework for integrating L&T theories. The study also found that a scaffolded L&T collaborative intervention with sound research methodologies and approaches is beneficial for SoTL projects. Therefore, the study recommends implementing the ADDIE model in different interventive approaches and collaborative educational settings to enhance students' achievement as well as teaching and learning.
A Study on Green Synthesis and Characterization of Silver Nanoparticles using Aloe Vera gel extract and Abelmoschus esculentus (Lady’s Finger) extract and Its Antibacterial activity
Authors: Mariam Refka John  , Nisha P Aravind
Published: August 2024

Green synthesis is the synthesis of nanoparticles using biological systems and is greatly beneficial because of its non-toxicity and eco-friendly behaviour. This study focuses on the green synthesis of silver nanoparticles using Aloe vera gel extract and Abelmoschus esculentus extract and its characterization and antibacterial activity. The synthesized nanoparticles were characterized using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and UV- Vis Spectroscopy. The bio-reduction of aqueous Ag+ ions by these extracts were identified by their colour change. The change in colour indicates the formation of AgNPs (Silver Nanoparticles). Silver nanoparticles showed maximum absorbance at 250nm in both Aloe vera gel extract and Abelmoschus esculentus. A peak obtained at this point confirmed the presence of AgNPs. Moreover, the synthesized silver nanoparticle showed potential antibacterial activity against the selective strains of bacteria such as Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pyogenes which were studied using the well-diffusion method. This study gives a scope for its potential applications in biomedical field.
PO and PN in the Envelope of VY Canis Majoris: Elucidating the Chemistry and Origin of Phosphorus
Authors: Ravi R. , Singh A. P. , Richards A. M. S. , Humphreys R. M. , Decin L. , Ziurys L. M.
Published: August 2024

The J = 5.5 → 4.5 and J = 5 → 4 transitions of PO and PN, respectively, have been imaged in the envelope of hypergiant star VY Canis Majoris (VY CMa) using the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array with angular resolutions of 0.″2 and 1.″5 and data from the Submillimeter Telescope of the Arizona Radio Observatory. These maps are the first high-fidelity images of PO and PN in a circumstellar envelope. Both molecules are primarily present in a spherical, star-centered region with a radius ∼60 R
* (0.″5), indicating formation by LTE chemistry and then condensation into grains. PN, however, shows additional, fan-shaped emission 2″ southwest of the star, coincident with dust features resolved by Hubble Space Telescope (HST), as well as four newly identified distinct structures 1″–2″ toward the north, east, and west (Cloudlets I–IV), not visible in HST images. The “SW Fan” and the cloudlets are also prominent in the J = 5.5 → 4.5 transition of NS. The correlation of PN with NS, SiO, and dust knots in the SW Fan suggests a formation in shocked gas enhanced with nitrogen. Excess nitrogen is predicted to favor PN synthesis over PO. Abundances for PN and PO in the spherical source are f ∼ 4.4 × 10−8 and 1.4 × 10−7, respectively, relative to H2. Given a cosmic abundance of phosphorus, an unusually high fraction (∼35%) is contained in PO and PN. Alternatively, the stellar winds may be enriched in P (and N) by dredge-up from the interior of VY CMa.
Navigational bottlenecks in nonconservative diffusion dynamics on networks
Authors: Soares Giovanni G. , Estrada Ernesto
Published: August 2024

Diffusion is a ubiquitous process in real-world syetems. In many complex systems, ranging from neuronal networks to traffic in cities, diffusion is nonconservative (NC) in the sense that diffusive particles can be created/annihilated at the entities of the system. Here, we consider the important problem of identifying potential navigational bottlenecks in NC diffusion occurring in the networks representing skeletons of complex systems. We develop a first-principles approach based on an NC diffusion using the Lerman-Ghosh Laplacian on graphs. By solving analytically this NC diffusion equation at two different times, we get an index which characterizes the capacity of every vertex in a network to spread the diffusive particles across the network in a short time. Vertices having such capacity diminished are potential navigational bottlenecks in this kind of dynamics. We solve analytically the situations in which the vertices with the highest degree (hubs) are at different distances in the network, allowing us to understand the structural significance of the index. Using algebraic methods, we derive a Euclidean distance between vertices in the context of NC diffusion with potential navigational bottlenecks. We then apply these indices to study several real-world networks. First, we confronted our theoretical results with experimental data about traffic congestion in a city. Then, we illustrated the application of the new methodologies to the study of a neuronal system, an air transportation network and two urban street networks.
Dynamics of a nonlinear state-dependent feedback control ecological model with fear effect
Authors: Zhang Zhanhao , Tian Yuan
Published: August 2024

Integrated pest management is a pest control strategy that combines biological and chemical methods to reduce environmental pollution and protect biodiversity. Recent research indicated that the fear caused by predators had a significant effect on the growth, development, and reproductive processes of prey. Therefore, we have proposed a pest-natrual enemy system, which is a nonlinear state-dependent feedback control model that incorporated the fear effect in the predator-prey relationship. We discussed impulsive sets and phase sets of the model and derived an expression for the Poincaré map. Furthermore, we analyzed the existence and stability of order-$ 1 $ periodic solutions and explored the existence of order-$ k $ $ (k\ge2) $ periodic solutions. Finally, numerical simulations were conducted to validate our theoretical results and reveal their biological implications.
Midwifery educators’ knowledge of antenatal exercises in selected Nigerian midwifery schools
Authors: Ojong-Alasia Mary M. , Moloko-Phiri Seepaneng S. , Matsipane Molekodi J. , Useh Ushotanefe
Published: August 2024

Background: Exercise during pregnancy is beneficial to both the pregnant woman and the foetus. Midwifery educators play a crucial role in ensuring that midwifery students receive the knowledge and training needed to demonstrate antenatal exercises. To ensure that their students understand and deliver adequate antenatal care, midwifery educators should be highly knowledgeable in pregnancy-related exercises.Objectives: The study was conducted to determine the knowledge of midwifery educators about antenatal exercise.Method: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted of the knowledge about antenatal exercises by midwifery educators. A purposive total population of 54 midwifery educators from three midwifery schools in Cross River State, Nigeria, was included in the study. Questionnaires were used for data collection, and Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 27 was used for data analysis. Ethical issues and rigour were maintained.Results: The study revealed that antenatal exercises are included in the midwifery curriculum and exercise demonstration were mainly done by midwifery educators and clinical instructors. The majority (n = 34, 66.7%) of the respondents were knowledgeable about World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines for exercise during pregnancy and had an average knowledge of the ideal antenatal exercises.Conclusion: Midwifery educators have average knowledge of the ideal antenatal exercises, which prompts the development of an exercise programme to guide midwifery training and practice. Midwifery educators should collaborate with exercise specialists to teach and demonstrate antenatal exercises.Contribution: The study highlighted the need for midwifery educators to obtain more information on antenatal exercises to adequately prepare midwifery students for evidence-based exercise care for pregnant women.
Employee motivation and the impact of the pandemic on the hospitality industry
Authors: Cwibi Mzukisi , Mxunyelwa Siyabonga
Published: August 2024

Orientation: The coronavirus pandemic, known as the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, has not just caused a serious health threat; it has also altered how we think about and handle various facets of our daily lives, careers and the global economy.Research purpose: This study sought to ascertain the COVID-19 pandemic’s effect and influence on employee motivation and the reward programmes provided by Cape Town hotels.Motivation for the study: The COVID-19 pandemic particularly hard hit the hospitality and tourism sectors, with hotels and restaurants being forced to close for a while before reopening at reduced capacity.Research approach/design and method: An exploratory qualitative research approach was followed, which allowed for open-ended questions for semi-structured interviews to collect data from managers (n = 14). The data were analysed using Creswell’s six-step approach.Main findings: The findings indicate that the COVID-19 pandemic had an unfavourable financial impact on hotels, causing permanent or temporary closure, retrenchments, layoffs, salary cuts and reduced shifts.Practical/managerial implications: The study supports the development and upkeep of equitable employee reward programmes for hotel owners, managers and human resource specialists.Contribution/value-add: This study’s findings provide insights into the rewards that motivate employees and assist hotels in strengthening their reward system strategies, specifically during a pandemic such as COVID-19.
Justice and reconciliation in Luke 19:1–10: A South African post-apartheid anti-imperial reading
Authors: Motuku Patson K. , Van Eck Ernest
Published: August 2024

This article endeavours to offer an anti-imperial interpretation of the micro-narrative of Zacchaeus in Luke 19:1–10, portraying it as a model for justice and reconciliation in post-apartheid South Africa. This analysis stems from the perceived shortcomings of the outcomes of the Convention for a Democratic South Africa (CODESA) negotiations and the Truth and Reconciliation Commission’s (TRC) efforts in nation-building, particularly in the realm of socio-economic justice, which remained unaddressed. The article proposes that an examination of the Greek verbs δίδωμι and άπoδίδωμι in Luke 19:8 within the broader context of the third Gospel – taking into account linguistic, structural and thematic considerations – reveals their inherent futuristic quality. This quality allows for their repetitive usage or usage with a future-oriented intent, seamlessly integrating them into the narrative and supporting an interpretation that depicts Zacchaeus as a repentant sinner committed to reforming his ways. Zacchaeus’s repentant stance, particularly in relation to economic justice, is seen as an essential model for addressing justice for victims of colonialism and apartheid and fostering reconciliation between black people and white people in South Africa.Intradisciplinary and/or interdisciplinary implications: The anti-imperial method of reading makes it possible to foreground the imperial narrative and social world(s) of the Bible, analysing the theological critique of the values, structures, institutions and systems of these world(s) by New Testament writers, and applying the same critique to the political and socio-economic structures of colonialism, apartheid, and post-colonial South Africa today. Accordingly, this research intersects with imperial, colonial and post-colonial theories in the disciplines of sociology, history and political science.
Testosterone, Digit Ratio, and Aggression Among Youth in Conflict with the Law in Kano, Nigeria
Authors: Gwarzo Mukhtar Isyaku , Sani Hassan , Safiyyu Umar Mujitapha
Published: August 2024

Introduction:

Studies have associated testosterone with aggression, although with a weak and sometimes equivocal one. This study aimed to determine the correlation between testosterone and digit ratio (r2D:4D) using measures of aggression in youth in conflict with the law in Kano, Nigeria.

Materials and Methods:

This case–control study involves 48 youth aged 11–16 years in conflict with the law living in a remand home. The participants were divided into two groups based on the reported history of violent behavior. Serum total testosterone level was determined using an ELISA kit. Aggression was determined by the Buss–Perry Aggression Questionnaire, whereas r2D:4D was measured directly using a digital caliper. Independent-sample t test was used to determine differences in quantitative variables, while Pearson’s correlation analysis was used to determine the correlation.

Results:

The mean age of the participants is 15.23 years. Serum testosterone level was positively correlated with anger (r = 0.327, P = 0.023) among all participants and with physical aggression (r = 0.405, P = 0.032) among those with a history of violent behavior. However, r2D:4D did not correlate with aggression or serum testosterone. Testosterone explained 22% of variance in physical aggression and is a predictor of physical aggression (P = 0.046) among all study participants. Among those with a history of violent behavior, testosterone explained 41% of variance in physical aggression (P = 0.032); a 1 nmol increase in testosterone increases the physical aggression score by 0.41.

Conclusion:

testosterone level is positively correlated with anger and physical aggression in youth in conflict with the law in Kano, Nigeria, while the digit ratio is not.
A Rare Case of Thyroid Gland Metastasis from Laryngeal Cancer, Findings on [18F]FDG PET/CT
Authors: Singh Parneet , Singhal Tejasvini , Parida Girish Kumar , Kumar Pramit , Sethy Madhusmita , Das Deepak Kumar , Agrawal Kanhaiyalal , Patro P. Sai Sradha
Published: August 2024

Thyroid gland metastases from nonthyroidal malignancies are extremely rare. The most common primary malignancies associated with metastasis to thyroid gland include renal cell carcinoma, colorectal carcinoma, lung cancer, and breast cancer. Metastasis to thyroid rarely arises from primary laryngeal cancer. The presence of metastasis to thyroid gland is invariable and associated with poor prognosis and thus, should be differentiated from primary thyroid malignancy. Hereby, we have one such case of metastasis to thyroid gland from laryngeal cancer diagnosed on 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography scan.
Impact of Respiratory-gated 4D PET/CT Scan for Motion Correction in Characterizing Lesions Adjacent to the Diaphragm – A Cross-sectional Study at a Tertiary Care Institute
Authors: Patro Sai Sradha P. , Aland Parag , James Vivek Mathew , Lele Vikram
Published: August 2024

Purpose:

The blur introduced by breathing motion degrades the diagnostic accuracy of whole-body F-18 fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography–computed tomography (18F-FDG PET-CT) in lesions adjacent to the diaphragm by increasing the apparent size and by decreasing their metabolic activity. This study aims to evaluate the efficacy of motion correction by four-dimensional phase-based respiratory-gated (RG) 18F-FDG PET-CT in improving metabolic parameters of lesions adjacent to the diaphragm (especially in the lungs or liver).

Materials and Methods:

Eighteen patients with known lung or liver lesions underwent conventional 18F-FDG PET-CT and respiratory-gated PET-CT acquisition of the desired region using a pressure-sensing, phase-based respiratory-gating system. Maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax), metabolic tumor volume (MTV), and total lesion glycolysis (TLG) were obtained for these lesions from gated and nongated PET-CT images for analysis. Furthermore, a visual analysis of lesions was done.

Statistics:

Statistical significance of the RG image parameters was assessed by the two-tailed paired Student’s t test and confirmed with the robust nonparametric Wilcoxon’s signed-rank test (two-tailed asymptotic).

Results:

There was an overall significant increase in SUVmax (P 0.001) in all gating methods with a percentage increase maximum of about 18.13%. On gating methods, MTV decreased significantly (P = 0.001) than that of nongating method (maximum reduction of about 32.9%). There was a significant difference (P = 0.02) in TLG between gated and nongated methods.

Conclusion:

Motion correction with phase-based respiratory gating improves the diagnostic value of 18F-FDG PET-CT imaging for lung and liver lesions by more accurate delineation of the lesion volume and quantitation of SUV and can thus impact staging, diagnosis as well as management in selected patients.
White Thyroid Scintigraphy
Authors: Zouggari Sara , Bsiss Mohamed Aziz , Matrane Aboubaker
Published: August 2024

White thyroid scintigraphy corresponds to an absence or near-absence of radiotracer fixation in the cervical region. After eliminating technical causes, the main etiologies are iodine overload, thyroiditis, and congenital hypothyroidism. We report the case of a 22-day-old newborn with congenital hypothyroidism. As part of the etiological assessment, a cervical ultrasound was performed and showed a normal echostructured thyroid gland with no detectable lesions or vascular anomalies. On the other hand, a Tc 99m thyroid scintigraphy was also performed and revealed a lack of radiotracer uptake in the thyroid area in favor of a white thyroid scintigraphy. Congenital hypothyroidism is the main cause of mental retardation. Thyroid scintigraphy plays an important role in the etiological diagnosis of congenital hypothyroidism. A white thyroid scan and a thyroid in place on cervical ultrasound point to iodine transporter deficiency caused by sodium/iodide symporter gene mutations.
Delusory Radioiodine Uptake in Endometriotic Ovarian Cyst
Authors: Farhoudi Farinaz
Published: August 2024

A 25-year-old woman with a known case of papillary thyroid carcinoma conventional type referred to our center for treatment with radioactive iodine after total thyroidectomy. She received 200 mCi of radioiodine, and in the whole-body scan 1 week after the radioiodine therapy, an area of increased absorption was seen on the right side of the pelvis, which was diagnosed as an endometriotic ovarian cyst in the follow-up examinations.
An Interesting Image of Carcinoma Breast with Renal Calyceal Diverticulum Mimicking Renal Metastasis on [18F]FDG PET/CT Scan
Authors: Bukke Surekha , Gavini Surya , Priya Rallapeta Ramya , Dhamarcherla S Hemalatha , Devi Bodagala Vijalakshmi , Kalawat Tekchand
Published: August 2024

A diverticulum is an outpouching of a hollow (or fluid-filled) structure in the body. They are most commonly seen in the urinary bladder, intestine, and pharyngeal region and are rarely seen in renal calyces. They are usually benign, asymptomatic, and are coincidentally detected. Due to their nonspecific clinical and radiological picture, sometimes they mimic malignant tumors, leading to misdiagnosis and treatment. We are presenting a case of 60-year-old female with right breast carcinoma, on whole body 18-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography-computed tomography; we observed an interesting finding in the right renal region mimicking renal metastasis.
Comparison of intra-articular injection of platelet-rich plasma with combination of bupivacaine and corticosteroid in osteoarthritis knee
Authors: Malhotra Naveen , Aditi  , Kumar Amit , Sinha Neha , Gupta Disha , Bishnoi Prakriti
Published: August 2024

Background and Aims:

The use of intra-articular injection has been widely accepted as a therapy for pain due to osteoarthritis of the knee. We aimed to compare the efficacy of intra-articular injection of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) with a combination of bupivacaine and corticosteroid in osteoarthritis of the knee.

Material and Methods:

Fifty patients (aged more than 50 years) with pain pattern consistent with osteoarthritis of the knee who did not respond to conservative treatment were included in the study. They were randomly divided into two groups of 25 each: group I (n = 25) patients were administered fluoroscope-guided intra-articular knee injection of bupivacaine and steroid, and group II (n = 25) patients were administered intra-articular knee injection of PRP. In group I, patients were administered 9 ml of drug solution comprising 8 ml of 0.5% bupivacaine and 1 ml of triamcinolone (40 mg). In group II, patients were administered 6 ml of PRP. Pain, patient satisfaction, and the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) were assessed at different time intervals before and after the procedure for up to 12 months.

Results:

Pain score and WOMAC were both clinically and statistically better at 2 weeks and 1 month after injection in group I (P < 0.05). But results were better clinically in group II compared to group I at 2, 3, 6, and 12 months after the procedure. More than 50% of patients in both groups had excellent satisfaction.

Conclusions:

Both techniques were effective in providing good analgesia. Pain relief and improvement in disability were clinically higher with PRP for longer duration.
Comparison of ultrasound and fluoroscopy-guided caudal epidural block in low back pain with radiculopathy: A randomized controlled study
Authors: Goel Shrey , Mitra Sukanya , Singh Jasveer , Jindal Swati , Upadhyay Prateek , Jindal Rohit
Published: August 2024

Background and Aims:

Low back pain (LBP) with radiculopathy is a significant global health concern, often leading to reduced quality of life and work absenteeism. Steroid injection using the caudal epidural route offers a non-surgical approach to the management of chronic LBP with radiculopathy. Although fluoroscopy-guided injections are the standard, ultrasound-assisted injection is emerging as an alternative. The aim of this study was to assess and compare the feasibility and effectiveness of caudal epidural blocks assisted by ultrasound versus fluoroscopy in managing LBP with radiculopathy.

Material and Methods:

A prospective randomized controlled trial was conducted with 30 patients aged 20–80 years suffering from chronic LBP and bilateral radiculopathy. Patients were assigned to ultrasound-assisted (group I) or fluoroscopy-guided (group II) caudal epidural injections. The primary outcome measure was needle placement time. Secondary outcomes included pain assessment, disability evaluation, patient satisfaction, and adverse effects. Statistical analyses were performed using t-tests, ANOVA, and Chi-square tests.

Results:

The fluoroscopy-guided group exhibited statistically significantly shorter needle placement time (137.13 s) compared to the ultrasound-assisted group (185.60 s) (P < 0.001). Both groups demonstrated significant improvements in pain scores and disability indexes from their respective baselines. Patient satisfaction and adverse effects were comparable between the groups.

Conclusion:

Although fluoroscopy remains the gold standard for caudal epidural injections, ultrasound-assisted procedures demonstrated comparable pain relief, disability improvement, patient satisfaction, and adverse effects. Ultrasound guidance shows promise as technology and expertise advance, offering a potential alternative for managing LBP with radiculopathy.
Decolonising the Church for Sustainable Development in Africa
Authors: Tagwirei Kimion
Published: August 2024

African ecclesiology and development have been highly influenced by the way White Missionaries Christianised Africa. Since Africa regained its independence, progressive scholarly attention was given to the decolonisation discourse, but ecclesial mission continues to bear retrogressive marks of colonial missiology. As Christianity has grown massively in Africa, while declining in Europe and the West, missionary trajectories have changed and a need for the African Church to contribute to integral mission, especially in relation to sustainable development in underdeveloped and developing Africa, has arisen. Therefore, the African Church ought to be interdependent, self sustaining, self-governing and self-determining, while it appreciates and relates to Western churches as equal partners of the global Church. Problematically, countless African churches are still dependent on their Western mother churches, partners and donors to facilitate local ecclesiastic, leadership and followership development programmes, to the extent that some Africans provokingly infer that the God of the Church in Africa is White. As the gospel is inclusive, having White Westerners ministering to Black African ecclesial work is inclusionary and complementary. However, the failure of Africans to balance foreign support with contextualization hinders their integral mission and contribution to African sustainable development. The Church can only be transformative and relevant if it is well contextualised. Theoretically framed under decoloniality and based on a literature review, this study finds that the Church has not contributed much towards the African socio-economic and political development. It recommends the Church decolonises its sustainability, theological education, leadership development and mission to be contextually transformative.
Redeeming the Future: Exploring the Theological Implications of Transhumanism in Missions
Authors: Salurante Tony , Malik  , Lawalata Mozes
Published: August 2024

Advanced technological innovations changed every aspect of human life, including humanity’s hope for the future. Current enhancements through technology predicted what would happen as humans found ways to increase lifespans, heal diseases, and lead humanity to breach some biological limitations. Transhumanism was the hope that humans had not ended their evolution and that technology could help with more enhancements. Such enhancements included uploading the human mind into computer systems and enabling people to live virtually. The Church responded to transhumanist people and contexts and the possibility of reaching a posthumanism phase in humanity. The challenges for the church were establishing a theology to help people deal with technological innovations and examining the morality of transhumanists. The church also challenged the notion of a transhumanism religion and how transhumanists relied on technology for transformation while Christians rely on Christ for redemption and renewal of their minds and the salvation of their souls. This article suggests that the church has to be at the forefront to guide people in the coming days on the dangers of worshipping technology and viewing it as a creator instead of a as a useful tool at humanity’s disposal. It also explores theological discussions along posthumanism lines that could help people understand the human-technology relationship and how to use it for maximum benefits. A literature review was used in this study involving researching, reading, analyzing, evaluating, and summarizing scholarly literature typically from journals and articles about this specific topic on the issue of transhumanism in Church missions.
Ecstatic Prophets in Israel and its relevance to the African Indigenous Churches in Nigeria
Authors: Olajide Grace O.
Published: August 2024

Prophecy, prophet(s) and prophesying were usual religious and spiritual phenomena in ancient Israel which do pose challenges for the contemporary church. Sending of divine messages or revelation to the covenant people through the chosen spokespersons were part of deity and human transactions. The violent and crazy act of the prophet in the course of relating the messages of the divine has posed certain apprehensions and was often a source of fear in the people. Such manner of display by prophets is often done as a way to authenticate and make their oracles look as though they are original. The methodology employed in this brief study is an exegetical word study of key concepts and words as used in biblical texts and its applicability in African Initiated Churches. The researcher additionally employed a comparative approach on Ancient Israel and African Initiated Churches. The study discovered that in biblical times, ecstatic prophecy at times involved violence, crazy displays and emotional outbursts. Similarly, among the African Initiated Churches such practices are still employed with all the privileges and dangers attached to them. In the process of receiving or/and delivering divine messages, a state of ecstasy might be expressed by the recipients of the messages.
Rethinking the use of Social Media in Islamic Broadcasting Practices: A Theological Perspective
Authors: Simamora Irma Yusriani , Farid Ahmad Salman
Published: August 2024

Through an analysis of Islamic jurisprudence, ethics, and theological frameworks, the research identifies key considerations and implications for Islamic broadcasters engaging with social media platforms. The study employed a qualitative approach, drawing upon Islamic texts, scholarly literature, and interviews with Islamic broadcasters. Analysis focused on identifying theological principles relevant to social media engagement and examining strategies used by broadcasters to navigate digital communication landscapes. One significant finding is the tension between the imperative to disseminate Islamic teachings widely and the need to maintain theological integrity in online interactions. The study highlights the nuanced approaches taken by Islamic broadcasters to navigate this tension, emphasizing the importance of upholding Islamic values such as tawhid (monotheism) and adab (etiquette) while leveraging the reach and accessibility of social media. Overall, the findings underscore the necessity for a theological reevaluation of Islamic broadcasting practices in the digital age. By synthesizing traditional Islamic teachings, which refer to the principles, beliefs, and practices that have been passed down in Islam since the time of the Prophet Muhammad SAW and his companions, with contemporary digital realities, this research advocates for an approach that balances the imperative of outreach with the necessity of maintaining theological integrity. It concludes by emphasizing the importance of aligning digital practices with core Islamic values to ensure ethical and responsible engagement with social media platforms.
The Reality of Spirituality and the Challenge of Religious Freedom in Indonesia: Theological and Social Perspectives
Authors: Nasution Faiz Albar , Irmayani Tengku , Sazali Hasan
Published: August 2024

Freedom of religion in Indonesia is an important and sensitive issue. Indonesia's religious diversity often leads to disputes and conflicts that disrupt harmony and unity. It is considered the emergence of diverse understandings and unfulfilled rights from religious differences. A theological approach can be an effective tool in facilitating the transformation of religious awakening and promoting religious freedom in Indonesia. This research aims to determine how theological perspectives influence the understanding and practice of religious freedom, which is communicated effectively. The research method used is descriptive, analysing the index of religious freedom in Indonesia with a theological analysis of religious freedom. The study's results highlight the importance of a theological approach in fostering a spiritual attitude and influencing expressions of religious freedom. The values of harmony, tolerance, and respect have encouraged efforts to build respect but still raise concerns about the emergence of conflict with the development of community interaction. Implementing effective strategies to place theology that encourages religious freedom in Indonesia is essential.
Athepreneurship as a Change Agent tool for Mainstreaming Youth Development in South Africa
Authors: Lephoto Mokone Bruno
Published: August 2024

This article presents a case study of the Catholic Church from multiple case studies on narratives of youth development in South Africa. The purpose of this article is to illustrate mainstreaming youth development through an exemplary case of South Africa beyond thirty years of democracy. The article is also informed by the imperatives of critical theory to understand mainstreaming youth development in South Africa. I examine mainstreaming youth development about sustainable development via athepreneurship (to be described later in the discussion). As mentioned above, South Africa was purposively selected in this context. The argumentation forwarded depicts athepreneurship as one of the ways of mainstreaming youth development in the Church. Data were collected using the qualitative method of documentary analysis. The results of the article indicate the need to pursue the skills development capacities of young people so that they can contribute to the development of their livelihood. The study concludes by highlighting that the participation of youth in South Africa in sustainable development activities could serve as an anchor for mainstreaming youth development in Southern Africa beyond 30 years of democracy.
Renovating Tolerance: Reframing the Meaning of Equality in a Pluralistic Society - Exploring Søren Kierkegaard’s Subject-Subject Relation
Authors: Mokorowu Yanny , Saragih Denni
Published: August 2024

This article explores the nuanced consequences of tolerance within the context of Indonesia's pluralistic society, characterized by a Muslim majority. While tolerance is fundamental for maintaining peace among diverse religious groups, it inadvertently fosters a power imbalance. The central aim of this study is to critically assess how the roles of "tolerator" (majority) and "tolerated" (minority) cultivate an inequitable relationship between a dominant Subject and a subordinate Object. Employing a conceptual analysis anchored in Søren Kierkegaard's philosophy of intersubjectivity, this research investigates the dynamics of the "I" and the "Other I." The findings reveal that tolerance, when construed as an act primarily of the majority, not only perpetuates but also solidifies societal divisions. This binary framing significantly impedes true respect and mutual understanding across different religious communities, particularly in a context where the majority's norms may overshadow minority rights. The study underscores the limitations of relying solely on tolerance for managing inter-religious relations and suggests that acknowledging the equal subjectivity of all individuals is crucial. By integrating Kierkegaard's insights, this paper illuminates the underlying power dynamics within the concept of tolerance and advocates for a framework of mutual recognition and respect. This approach aims to foster a more equitable and inclusive environment in a diversely populated country like Indonesia.
Looking at Islam's Struggle for the Liberation of the Ummah: The Perspective of Bilal Bin Rabbah's Liberation Theology
Authors: Zulfahmi  , Ginting Lestari Dara Cinta Utami , Desky Ahmed Fernanda
Published: August 2024

This article aims to analyse and explore the historical struggle of Islam in the liberation of the ummah, especially the liberation of Bilal bin Rabbah. This article uses qualitative research with a phenomenological approach. The primary data source of this article was literature related to the story of Bilal bin Rabbah. At the same time, secondary data used comprised scientific articles, books of tafsir, and a range of books and reports related to the theme of the discussion. The results show that the story of Bilal bin Rabbah contains heroic liberation values in opposing the injustice of the Jahiliyah period. Liberation theology in Islam emphasises the values of social justice, freedom, and resistance to all forms of oppression. The life story of Bilal bin Rabah is a clear example of the application of these values, illustrating the firmness of faith, resistance to inequality, and struggle against oppression. In addition, Islam also provides indicators as a marker that the human being is free. The indicators are: Freedom of religion, Freedom of opinion and expression, Individual freedom, Economic freedom, Freedom from oppression and injustice and Freedom in education.