bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Sustainable Treatment of Landfill Leachate Using Constructed Wetlands
Authors: Rana Vivek
Published: July 2020

Sanitary landfilling is the major method of disposal of municipal solid waste (MSW) in developing countries. The disposal of MSW in landfills generates a large amount of highly toxic leachate, which has high potential hazards for the public, flora, fauna health and ecosystems. Advanced leachate treatment systems using biological and chemical treatment methods are recently implemented in developed countries, but high investment and operating costs restricted their application in most of the developing countries. To overcome this problem, an alternative sustainable treatment technology such as phytoremediation could be beneficial. The constructed wetland treatment system is an economical alternative for leachate treatment using local resources and is an energy-efficient technology. These green systems utilize anaerobic and aerobic reactions to break down, immobilize, or incorporate organic substances and other contaminants from polluted effluent. This chapter highlights the recent advances in the treatment of landfill leachates using constructed wetlands.
Safety and Efficacy of Pseudomonas Exopolymer in Sequestration of Iron From Aqueous Environments
Authors: Ghosh Moushumi , Sharma Divya , Kaur Taranpreet
Published: July 2020

The present study reports the iron binding characteristics and safety of an exopolymer (EBP) of an environmental isolate of Pseudomonas sp. The EBP was predominantly polysaccharide in composition with pyruvic and uronic acid residues. A prevalence of carboxyl and hydroxyl groups was observed in the Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) results, while scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed a porous structure in a linear fashion with large number of grooves. The purified EBP was stable for over two months and exhibited rapid binding of iron (25mg/L) within 10 minutes at ambient temperature. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDAX) analysis of iron challenged EBP suggested the involvement of carboxyl groups in potentiating iron removal. Both Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption isotherms depicted high iron removal capacity in comparison to reported biomasses or biopolymers. Cytotoxic effects were not observed upon challenging various doses of EBP in RAW 264.7 cell lines implying a strong possibility of application of the EBP.
Hybrid Load-Balanced Scheduling in Scalable Cloud Environment
Authors: Jayswal Anant Kumar
Published: July 2020

Cloud computing is a high computational distributed environment with high reliability and quality of service. It is playing an important role in the next generation of computing with pay per use model and high elasticity. With increased requirement for cloud resources, load over the cloud servers has increased, which makes cloud use a more efficient algorithm to maintain its performance and quality of service to users. The performance metrics that define the performance of task scheduling include execution time, finish time, scheduling time, task completion cost, and load balancing on each computing resources. So, to overcome existing solutions and provide better QoS performance, a neural-network-based GA-ANN scheduling algorithm is proposed in this paper, which outperforms the existing solutions. To simulate the proposed GA-ANN model, cloudsim3.0 toolkit is used, and the performance is evaluated by comparing simulation time, average start time, average finish time, execution time, and utilization percentage of computing resources (VMs).
Fuzzy Chance-Constrained Integer Programming Models for Portfolio Investment Selection and Optimization Under Uncertainty
Authors: Srizongkhram Shayarath , Manitayakul Kittitath , Suthamanondh Pisacha , Chiadamrong Navee
Published: July 2020

Portfolio investment optimization is the process of selecting the best portfolio out of the set of all projects being considered. A high financial return is not the only concern since minimization of associated risk is as important. Its objective should be set to maximize the expected return and minimize the risk in the investment as most data need to be justified based on vagueness and future values. Thus, the portfolio investment optimization problem under a fuzzy environment is studied here by incorporating a classical mathematical optimization model with the fuzzy theory. It is solved with the fuzzy chance-constrained integer programming model by linear programming under predetermined conditions and limitations. This study also uses both the credibility index and credibilistic risk index for measuring the investment return and investment risk. A numerical example is illustrated to demonstrate the effectiveness and benefits of the proposed algorithm.
Corporate Social Responsibility and Financial Performance in the Banking Industry in Ghana
Authors: Boachie Christopher
Published: July 2020

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of corporate social responsibility on financial performance to understand whether and how CSR policies impact the overall financial performance of listed banks in Ghana. Secondary data have been collected, content analysis was used to measure corporate social responsibility and financial performance, and a multiple panel regression approach using eight listed banks was used. Results indicate that corporate social responsibility is found to be positively and statistically significantly related to financial performance. Nevertheless, the effect of CSR is very weak. A significant relationship between size, inflation, and exchange rate and financial performance is found. For CSR to become development tool in Ghana, it is imperative that coordinated and concerted efforts must be undertaken at both private and public sector levels, in realising equitable, inclusive, and sustainable development.
Sustainable Management Models for Mangrove Forests Through Institutional Strengthening and the Development of Productive Business
Authors: Purwanti Pudji , Susilo Edi , Indrayani Erlinda
Published: July 2020

The huge potential of the mangrove forest in Gulf of Prigi, Indonesia, is being threatened by the unsustainable management of four institutions, each of which have their own vision of the forest. Thus, this study aims to strengthen the sustainable management of mangrove forests through institutional reinforcement, analyzes the development of productive business as economic incentives, and finds sustainable management models for the mangrove forest. This study employs a focus group discussion and intensive negotiation. The data was analyzed by using GeSCA in order to determine products to develop under the value feasibility criteria of NPV, IRR, Net B/C, and Pay Back Periode. The result of the study shows that intensive negotiation is effective to change the perspective of sustainable management. It is then reinforced by the economic reinforcement approach through the development of productive mangrove-based businesses. The result also shows that there are several products worthy of development from mangrove fruits, brownies, crackers, dodol, palm sugar, and coconut milk.
Cause of Etch Pits during the High Speed Plasma Etching of Silicon Carbide and an Approach to Reduce their Size
Authors: Nakanishi Yuma , Mukai Risa , Matsuyama Satoshi , Yamauchi Kazuto , Sano Yasuhisa
Published: July 2020

To reduce the on-resistance in vertical power transistors, backside thinning is required after device processing. However, it is difficult to thin silicon carbide (SiC) wafers with a high removal rate by conventional mechanical processing because their hardness and brittleness cause cracks and chips during thinning. Therefore, the authors have attempted to thin SiC wafers using plasma chemical vaporization machining (PCVM), which is plasma etching using high-pressure plasma. PCVM has a high removal rate because of the high radical density in the high-pressure plasma, and it does not form a damaged layer on the processed surface because of the low ion energy. The authors have already achieved a very high removal rate of 15.6 μm/min by PCVM. However, many etch pits were generated on the wafer during PCVM in these high-speed machining conditions. Therefore, this study, using molten potassium hydroxide (KOH) etching, investigated the cause of such etch pits and found that they may stem from threading screw dislocation in the wafers. In addition, this research considered a process for reducing an etch pit size and succeeded in doing so by controlling wafer temperature.
Wurtzite SiC Formation in Plastic Deformed 3C and 6H
Authors: Pezoldt Joerg , Kalnin Andrei Alexandrovich
Published: July 2020

Single side clamped 3C and 6H single crystal silicon carbide beams were elastic deformed using a special designed deformation stage in an electron microscope and subjected to high temperatures. The structural transitions occurring during the plastic relaxation process were recorded in situ in the electron microscope using reflection high energy electron diffraction in {110} azimuthal direction. For both polytypes, a polytype phase transition into the wurtzite silicon carbide polytype was observed independent on the surface polarity. The critical initial elastic deformation of the polytype phase transition into the wurtzite phase for the cubic silicon carbide polytype is larger compared to the 6H-SiC. This is due to the higher partial dislocation densities needed to transform the cubic modification into the wurtzite phase.
Influence of Shallow Pits and Device Design of 4H-SiC VDMOS Transistors on In-Line Defect Analysis by Photoluminescence and Differential Interference Contrast Mapping
Authors: Kocher Matthias , Schlichting Holger , Kallinger Birgit , Rommel Mathias , Bauer Anton J. , Erlbacher Tobias
Published: July 2020

In this study, UV Photoluminescence (UVPL) and Differential Interference Contrast (DIC) mapping was applied for process control of a 1.2 kV 4H-SiC VDMOS fabrication process at different process stages in order to investigate the influence of shallow pits on the electrical behavior of the devices. In particular, it could be shown that UVPL and DIC mapping allows the correlation of shallow pits and the occurrence of darker regions in the UVPL images and distinguishing differently implanted regions at distinct process stages. By comparing the darker regions of the UVPL scan with the electrical blocking characteristics of the associated devices a direct correlation between the occurrence of shallow pits and the reduction of the blocking capability of the devices could be observed.
Nanoscale Insights on the Origin of the Power MOSFETs Breakdown after Extremely Long High Temperature Reverse Bias Stress
Authors: Fiorenza Patrick , Alessandrino Mario S. , Carbone Beatrice , Di Martino Clarice , Russo Alfio , Saggio Mario , Venuto Carlo , Zanetti Edoardo , Bongiorno Corrado , Giannazzo Filippo , Roccaforte Fabrizio
Published: July 2020

In this work, the origin of the dielectric breakdown of 4H-SiC power MOSFETs was studied at the nanoscale, analyzing devices that failed after extremely long (three months) of high temperature reverse bias (HTRB) stress. A one-to-one correspondence between the location of the breakdown event and a threading dislocation propagating through the epitaxial layer was found. Scanning probe microscopy (SPM) revealed the conductive nature of the threading dislocation and a local modification of the minority carriers concentration. Basing on these results, the role of the threading dislocation on the failure of 4H-SiC MOSFETs could be clarified.
Defects Characterization of GaN Substrate with Hot Implant Process
Authors: Maekawa Junko , Kawanowa Hitoshi , Aoki Masahiko , Takahiro Katsumi , Isshiki Toshiyuki
Published: July 2020

The defect structure of Mg implanted GaN substrate was evaluated by TEM observations, AFM surface observations and Raman scattering spectroscopic analysis. Mg ions were implanted at room temperature (RT) and 500 °C. TEM results showed that the defect distribution along depth scale is different between RT and 500 °C condition. The several peaks originated from ion implantation were found from Raman scattering spectra and the characteristics of the defects by implantation were discussed. The crystal quality of the sample implanted at 500 °C was found to be better than that of RT by comparing the FWHM of the E2 peak.
Fast 4H-SiC Bulk Growth by High-Temperature Gas Source Method
Authors: Tokuda Yuichiro , Hoshino Norihiro , Kuno Hironari , Uehigashi Hideyuki , Okamoto Takeshi , Kanda Takahiro , Ohya Nobuyuki , Kamata Isaho , Tsuchida Hidekazu
Published: July 2020

The process conditions for fast growth of 4 in. 4H-polytype SiC (4H-SiC) single crystals were studied for high-temperature gas source method. Prior to experiments, crystal growth simulations were conducted to investigate the influence of vertical gas-flow velocity on the radial distribution of the growth rate. Crystal growth experiments were performed using the crucibles designed for 4 in. crystal growth following the simulation studies. By investigating growth rate as functions of the input partial pressure of source gases and temperatures of growing surfaces, expressions for the growth rate of 4-in. crystals were derived. We also clarified the optimal conditions for single-crystal growth. Finally, fast growth of 4 in. 4H-SiC crystals with uniform shape was demonstrated.
Structural Characterization of a Ga2O3 Epitaxial Layer Grown on a Sapphire Substrate Using Cross-Sectional and Plan-View TEM/STEM Analysis
Authors: Hashimoto Ai , Sako Hideki , Sameshima Junichiro , Nakamura Masayuki , Kobayashi Takayuki , Motoyama Shinichi , Otsuka Yuji
Published: July 2020

Ga2O3 is a hopeful wide-band-gap semiconductor material for a next-generation power semiconductor. We performed crystal structure analysis on Ga2O3 film on sapphire substrate using cross-sectional transmission electron microscope (TEM) and atomic resolution plan-view scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM). The TEM analysis suggested that the main Ga2O3 film is composed of κ-Ga2O3 or mixed crystal of κ-Ga2O3 and ε-Ga2O3. But, it is difficult to distinguish these two possibilities only by cross-sectional TEM. Contrast modulation of Ga atomic columns in the atomic resolution HAADF-STEM image showed that the main part of the Ga2O3 film was κ-Ga2O3 monolayer grown along the c-axis direction, and twins are formed.
Effect of Phosphorus Doped Poly Annealing on Threshold Voltage Stability and Thermal Oxide Reliability in 4H-SiC MOSFET
Authors: Lee Kwang Won , Seo Young Ho , Lee Taeseop , Park Kyeong Seok , Domeij Martin , Allerstam Fredrik , Neyer Thomas
Published: July 2020

We have investigated the effect of high temperature annealing of phosphorus doped poly on gate oxide integrity and device reliability. In NMOS capacitance analysis, unstable flat band voltage characteristics and lower oxide breakdown electric field were observed in wafers which received high temperature poly annealing at 1100 °C. Gate oxide integrity (GOI/Vramp) tests and time dependent dielectric breakdown (TDDB) tests were performed to evaluate wafer level reliability. Degraded GOI characteristics and poor gate oxide lifetime were obtained for the high temperature poly annealed condition. To evaluate package level reliability, high temperature gate bias (HTGB) stress tests were conducted. Some samples failed in positive gate bias stress and more severe negative threshold voltage shift was observed in negative gate bias stress for the high temperature poly annealed condition.
Profiling with Depth Resolution of Sub-nm for SiO2/ SiC Interface by Dual-Beam TOF-SIMS Combined with Simulation
Authors: Sameshima Junichiro , Takenaka Aya , Muraji Yuichi , Nakata Yoshihiko , Yoshikawa Masanobu
Published: July 2020

For precise investigation of distribution for impurity or composition at SiO2/SiC interface, dual-beam Time-of-flight Secondary ion mass spectrometry (TOF-SIMS) with low energy sputtering beam was available. In addition to the experimental profiles, simulation using MRI model, in which Mixing, Roughness and Information depth were employed as parameters, enabled to acquire a more authentic distribution at the SiO2/SiC interface. Slight discrepancy on depth profiles between samples with different surface roughness was duplicated on the convoluted profiles in the simulation. Moreover, reconstructed profile of nitrogen indicated a real distribution with less impact of mixing and roughness, although that may contain uncertainty due to incompletion in the simulation model or variation of the distribution owing to detection species in the experiment. From the result of carbon profiles of both experimental and convoluted profiles, the relative discrepancy on the carbon distribution between samples was clarified, which suggested the possibility that a carbon thin layer at the SiO2/SiC interface would be found in the future.
Photo-Assisted Corona-Charge Characterization of Wide Bandgap Interfaces with Deep Traps Invisible in Standard C-V
Authors: Savtchouk Alexandre , Wilson Marshall , D’Amico John , Almeida Carlos , Hoff Andrew , Lagowski Jacek
Published: July 2020

Wide bandgap semiconductor technology has been generating a great deal of attention due to its fundamental advantages in high power electronics. Understanding and effective control of interfacial properties belong to a group of critical issues requiring progress. In this work, we report progress in wide bandgap interface characterization, achieved using photo-ionization of deep traps under a non-equilibrium condition created by corona-charge bias in deep depletion. This characterization capability is demonstrated on oxidized n-type epitaxial SiC with deep interfacial traps invisible in standard C-V. These traps, initially present at high density, are shown to be reduced by half after a wet anneal. The photo-ionization technique is incorporated in commercially available non-contact C-V (CnCV) metrology [1,2] providing a non-invasive, cost and time saving metrology that benefits development research as well as device fabrication.
Insight into Channel Conduction Mechanisms of 4H-SiC(0001) MOSFET Based on Temperature-Dependent Hall Effect Measurement
Authors: Takeda Hironori , Sometani Mitsuru , Hosoi Takuji , Shimura Takayoshi , Yano Hiroshi , Watanabe Heiji
Published: July 2020

Temperature-dependent Hall effect measurements were conducted to investigate the channel conduction mechanisms of 4H-SiC metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors (MOSFETs). This method allows us to discriminate the impact of the density of mobile (free) carriers in the inversion channels and their net mobility on the performance of SiC MOSFETs. It was found that, while the free carrier ratio of SiC MOSFETs with conventional gate oxides formed by dry oxidation is below 4% at 300 K, increasing the free carrier ratio due to thermal excitation of trapped electrons from SiO2/SiC interfaces leads to an unusual improvement in the field-effect mobility of SiC MOSFETs at elevated temperatures. Specifically, a significant increase in free carrier density surpasses the mobility degradation caused by phonon scattering for thermally grown SiO2/SiC interfaces. It was also found that, although nitrogen incorporation in SiO2/SiC interfaces increases the free carrier ratio typically up to around 30%, introduction of an additional scattering factor associated with interface nitridation compensates for the moderate amount of thermally generated mobile carriers at high temperatures, indicating a fundamental drawback of nitridation of SiO2/SiC interfaces. On the basis of these findings, we discuss the channel conduction mechanisms of SiC MOSFETs.
Ultrafast Pulsed I-V and Charge Pumping Interface Characterization of Low-Voltage n-Channel SiC MOSFETs
Authors: Ekström Mattias , Malm B. Gunnar , Zetterling Carl Mikael
Published: July 2020

Control of defects at or near the MOS interface is paramount for device performance optimization. The SiC MOS system is known to exhibit two types of MOS defects, defects at the SiO2/SiC interface and defects inside of the gate oxide that can trap channel charge carriers. Differentiating these two types can be challenging. In this work, we use several electrical measurement techniques to extract and separate these two types of defects. The charge pumping method and the ultrafast pulsed I-V method are given focus, as they are independent methods for extracting the defects inside the gate oxide. Defects are extracted from low voltage n-channel MOSFETs with differently processed gate oxides: steam-treatment, dry oxidation and nitridation. Ultrafast pulsed I-V and charge pumping gives comparable results. The presented analysis of the electrical characterization methods is of use for SiC MOSFET process development.
Challenges in Extremely Low Specific On-Resistance with SiC SJ-VMOSFETs
Authors: Masuda Takeyoshi , Saito Yu , Hatayama Tomoaki , Michikoshi Hisato , Mikamura Yasuki , Harada Shinsuke
Published: July 2020

A 0.63 mΩcm2 / 1170 V property was demonstrated in a 4H-SiC V-groove trench MOSFET with a super junction (SJ) structure. Successful results in SJ-VMOSFETs will inspire research on 600 to 1200 V class devices as their extreme high MOS channel mobility and the SJ structure is promising.
Investigations on the Resistance Reduction Effect of Double-Trench SiC MOSFETs under Repetitive Avalanche Stress
Authors: Wei Jia Xing , Liu Si Yang , Li Sheng , Tang Li Zhi , Lou Rong Cheng , Fu Hao , Zhao Hang Bo , Sun Wei Feng , Zhang Xiao Bing , Bai Song
Published: July 2020

The unexpected resistance reduction effect of double-trench SiC MOSFETs under repetitive avalanche stress is investigated in this work. After enduring repetitive avalanche stress, the ON-state drain-source resistance (Rdson) of the device decreases. With the help of TCAD simulations, the dominant mechanism is proved to be the injection of positive charges into the gate trench bottom oxide, which is almost irreversible under zero-voltage bias condition at room temperature. For the injected positive charges attract extra electrons just beneath the gate trench bottom, where the carriers pass through under ON state, the resistivity there is reduced, improving the conduction capability of the device. Moreover, an optimization method is proposed. Since the impact ionization rate (I.I.) and the vertical oxide electric field (E⊥) along the gate trench bottom oxide interface contribute to the injection of positive charges, it is recommended to make the bottom oxide thicker to suppress this effect.
Nutritional status of trauma patients hospitalized at surgical intensive care unit
Authors: Zoroufchi Babak Hosseinzadeh , Abdolahpour Abolfazl , Hemmati Hamid Reza
Published: July 2020

Malnutrition results from a decrease or increase or imbalance of energy, protein and other nutrients, leading to measurable negative effects on body tissue, body shape, organ function and clinical status. Research shows that nutritional support is one of the necessary processes for survival of traumatic patient hospitalized at surgical intensive care unit. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the nutritional status of trauma patients hospitalized at surgical intensive care unit of Kowsar Hospital in Semnan, Iran. This cross-sectional descriptive study was performed on patients older than 18 years with head, neck and femur injuries. Initial data were collected using a checklist containing demographic information questions, designed from the Ministry of Health and Medical Education's Nutrition Screening Form, which was available in the Nutrition Assessment Forms and Guidelines for Hospitalized Patients Approved in 2013. The data were analyzed using Chi-square or Fisher's exact tests, paired t-test and Pearson coefficient. The confidence level was 95% and significance level was less than 0.05 in all tests. The amount of energy determined by the intensive care unit for the patients, with a significantly lower relationship than the amount of energy required by the patients for 24 hours, based on the Harris Benedict formula was (918.20±474.80 calories vs. 1535.76±243.73 calories, respectively and P-value˂0.001). The amount of protein determined by the intensive care unit for the patients for 24 hours, with a significantly relationship lower than the protein required for the patients for 24 hours, was (51.68±34.39 vs. 106.57±13.67, respectively, and P-value˂ 0.001). There was a statistically significant relationship between the age of the patients and energy (P˂0.001) and protein (P˂0.001) determined by the intensive care unit for the patients for 24 hours and energy (P˂0.001) and protein (P˂0.001) required for the patients for 24 hours. The results of this study showed that both the amount of energy and the amount of protein determined by the intensive care unit for trauma patients for less than 24 hours were lower than the required level; therefore, dietary modification for these patients is recommended.
Validation of a portable system for spatial-temporal gait parameters based on a single inertial measurement unit and a mobile application
Authors: Aqueveque Pablo , Gómez Britam Arom , Saavedra Francisco , Canales Cristian , Contreras Simón , Ortega-Bastidas Paulina , Cano-de-la-Cuerda Roberto
Published: July 2020

There is a lack of commercially available low-cost technologies to assess gait clinically in non-controlled environments. As a consequence of this, there has been poor massification of motion measurement technologies that are both objective and reliable in nature. Advances about the study of gait and its interpretation in recent years using inertial sensors have allowed proposing acceptable alternatives for the development of portable and low-cost systems that contribute to people’s health in places and institutions that cannot acquire or maintain the operation of commercially available systems. A system based on a custom single Inertial Measurement Unit and a mobile application is proposed. Thus, an investigation is carried out using methodologies and algorithms found in the literature in order to get the main gait events and the spatial-temporal gait parameters. Twenty healthy Chilean subjects were assessed using a motion capture system simultaneously with the proposed tool. The results show that it is possible to estimate temporal gait parameters with slight differences respect gold--standard. We reach maximum mean differences of -2.35±5.02[step/min] for cadence, 0.03±0.04[sec] for stride time,0.02±0.03[sec] for step time, ±0.02[sec] for a single support time, 0.01±0.02[sec] for double support time and 0.01±0.03[m] for step length. As a result of experimental findings, we propose a new technological tool that can perform gait analysis. Our proposed system is user-friendly, low-cost, and portable. Therefore, we suggest that it could be an attractive technological tool that healthcare professionals could harness to objectively measure gait in environments that are either within the community or controlled. We also suggest that the tool could be used in countries where advanced clinical tools cannot be acquired. Therefore, we propose in this paper that our system is an attractive, alternative system that can be used for gait analysis by health professionals worldwide.
Dolore e lesioni croniche cutanee
Authors: Nebbioso Giuseppe , Falasconi Ciro , Nebbioso Viviana , Petrella Francesco
Published: July 2020

Il controllo del dolore rappresenta un elemento fondamentale nella gestione delle Lesioni Cutanee Croniche (LCC) compromettendo principalmente la qualità di vita del paziente. La modulazione della sintomatologia algica è uno dei principali fattori che spingono il paziente a rivolgersi al personale sanitario. Per un corretto approccio al dolore nella LCC è necessario valutare l'eziologia della lesione, il suo decorso temporale, la tipologia del paziente, le patologie concomitanti e i meccanismi fisiopatologici che sono alla base della del dolore. Traendo spunto dall'analisi di 121 pazienti affetti da LCC, gli autori valutano l'incidenza e l'intensità del dolore lamentato, valutando le diverse opzioni terapeutiche atte a gestire la sintomatologia algica.
Mortui vivos docent
Authors: G. Spagnolo Antonio
Published: July 2020

Non disponibile.
La dimensione etica all’interno dell’approccio della Responsible Research and Innovation: un’analisi critica
Authors: Tusino Silvia
Published: July 2020

Da una decina d’anni, l’espressione Responsible Research and Innovation (RRI) ha fatto la sua comparsa nel lessico della policy europea della ricerca, ad indicare un nuovo approccio per guidare i processi di ricerca e innovazione verso la realizzazione di un futuro desiderabile. Tale approccio si concretizza in cinque obiettivi chiave, tra cui la considerazione della dimensione etica. L’analisi delle motivazioni alla base della RRI e delle sue peculiarità mette in luce che questo approccio intercetta istanze importanti, in particolare la necessità di incentivare una precoce interazione tra riflessione etica, da un lato, e ricerca e innovazione scientifico-tecnologica, dall’altro. Tuttavia, il modo in cui viene concepito il ruolo della riflessione etica all’interno della RRI presenta notevoli limiti, che rischiano seriamente di ridimensionare l’impatto che tale riflessione può avere sui processi di ricerca e innovazione. Tali limiti sono riconducibili in particolare all’approccio top-down tipico della RRI; all’insufficiente approfondimento del significato della componente della dimensione etica maggiormente innovativa e peculiare – quella della riflessione critica sugli impatti sociali della ricerca e dell’innovazione; alla mancata individuazione della specificità del contributo che la riflessione etico-normativa può offrire. Tali limiti emergono sia dall’analisi del modo in cui la dimensione etica viene interpretata nel paradigma RRI e concretizzata dalle istituzioni di ricerca, sia dall’analisi della riflessione e delle esperienze in materia di “etica in laboratorio”. Il bilancio critico si conclude con l’indicazione di alcune aree in cui il contributo dell’etica e dei filosofi morali appare fondamentale.
The new Ukrainian Autocephalous Church and its image in the ecumenical space
Authors: Morariu Iuliu-Marius
Published: July 2020

An important moment in the recent history of the Eastern Orthodox Church was for sure the recognition granted to the Ukrainian Orthodoxy by the Ecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople with the Tomos of autocephaly (2019). Praised by some Orthodox churches and damned by other, it was preceded by some attempts of negotiation initiated by the Ecumenical Patriarchate and by a few meetings between the representatives of the aforementioned institution, Russian Patriarchate and the Ukrainian local churches that was later recognised by Constantinople and by a Schism between the Constantinople and Moscow. At the same time, it divided the local Orthodox churches between the ones who sustain one or the other side or prefer to remain in a neutral state and determined later meetings like the one from Amman in Jordan (2020), between leaders and representatives of the Orthodox Church. Conscious of the relevance of the event and its potential consequences, we have tried here to see how it was reflected in the ecumenical space. Therefore, we have proceeded to the investigation of the journals from the ecumenical area that spoke about it, and we analysed the way how they saw it and emphasised the main elements that have raised their interest. Together with the ecclesiastical challenges, we found that they were also interested in this problem not only for its theological meaning but also because of its geopolitical relevance. The research, based on the literature investigated, therefore presents the Ukrainian problem and its image in the ecumenical space.Contribution: The research investigates how the image of the Eastern Orthodox Church changed in the ecumenical space after the foundation of the New Ukrainian Church and the debates that followed inside of the Orthodox space in this context. It is linked with the scope of the journal due to the fact that investigates a topic relevant for the ecumenical area and presents a topic that can contribute in the future to the change of the relationships with different churches with the Orthodox one.
The Obata equation with Robin boundary condition
Authors: Chen Xuezhang , Lai Mijia , Wang Fang
Published: July 2020

We study the Obata equation with Robin boundary condition

\partial f/\partial \nu + af = 0

on manifolds with boundary, where

a

is a non-zero constant. Dirichlet and Neumann boundary conditions were previously studied by Reilly, Escobar and Xia. Compared with their results, the sign of

a

plays an important role here. The new discovery shows besides spherical domains, there are other manifolds for both

a > 0

and

a < 0

. We also consider the Obata equation with non-vanishing Neumann condition

\partial f/\partial \nu=1

.
Estudos Discursivos e Identitários em Educação
Authors: Dias Juliana De Freitas , De Matos Vanessa Tavares
Published: July 2020

Neste artigo propomos uma proposta de investigação, centrada no estudo da linguagem sob enfoque discursivo, sobre o papel de projetos educacionais de caráter transgressor (HOOKS, 2013) e voltados ao enfrentamento das desigualdades sociais e, em especial, de desigualdades de gênero-raça-classe. Apresentamos nossas análises discursivas das auto-transformações identitárias de professoras participantes do Projeto Mulheres Inspiradoras (PMI), atualmente política pública da Secretaria de Educação do Distrito Federal (SEEDF). Nosso aporte teórico centra-se na Análise de Discurso Crítica, em diálogo transdisciplinar com a Pedagogia Crítica (FREIRE, 1967; GIROUX, 1997; e HOOKS, 2013); com estudos decoloniais (BALESTRIN, 2013; LUGONES, 2008; QUIJANO, 2014) e com estudos feministas, sobretudo de perspectiva também decolonial e negra (ADICHIE, 2015; RIBEIRO, 2018, LUGONES, 2014). Analisaremos a produção escrita autoral de cunho biográfico de professores/as participantes do Programa de Ampliação do Projeto Mulheres Inspiradoras em 2017. Utilizaremos como arcabouço metodológico as diretrizes da Análise de Discurso Crítica (CHOULIARAKI e FAIRCLOUGH, 1999). A geração de dados desta pesquisa qualitativa, com viés etnográfico discursivo, se orientou para textos de cunho biográfico que se revelou potente para a compreensão das mudanças identitárias discursivas dos/as professores/as.
Sentidos em Torno do Corpo Transexual
Authors: De Jesus Dánie Marcelo , Marchetto Gabriel , Denardin Jaqueline Ângelo Dos Santos
Published: July 2020

Este artigo tem como objetivo discutir os sentidos em torno do corpo transexual por meio do discurso médico-científico na construção da personagem de Lili Elbe, em A Garota dinamarquesa, escritor David Ebershoff, na qualidade de mulher transexual. Teoricamente, este trabalho tem se fundamentado em uma perspectiva indisciplinar queer de linguística aplicada (MOITA LOPES, 2006; FABRICIO, 2017; BUTLER, 1990; SALIH, 2017; MISKOLCI, 2017) e pesquisas acerca da corporeidade transexual no discurso médico-científico (BENTO, 2008, 2014; CASSANA, 2018; DENARDIN, 2019). Metodologicamente, este artigo se enquadra num viés analítico-interpretativista. Para geração dos dados, realizou-se a análise do livro e de alguns excertos no intuito de identificar como o discurso médico-científico é construído discursivamente ao longo da narrativa. Sobre a trama, a personagem principal Lili, ou Einar Wegener, é descrita como uma sujeita que vive em um processo dual que oscila entre duas personas distintas, o masculino (Einar) e o feminino (Lili que emerge no decorrer da trama) que se apropria do discurso médico-científico como um (entre)meio para se autojustificar, no entanto, parece colaborar com o processo de patologização, que é correlacionado às mulheres transexuais e que são ainda ditas pelo senso comum como portadoras de transtornos de personalidade relacionados à sexualidade. Os resultados apontam para o estabelecimento de uma essencialidade entre identidade de gênero e sexualidade, embasados na interseccionalidade do discurso médico-científico, vinculados ao essencialismo sexual binário presente na sociedade: homem/mulher, macho/fêmea, deixando assim de legitimar o lugar dos sujeitos trans, que também integram e constituem e sempre fizeram parte da sociedade.
Discurso em Unidades Fraseológicas
Authors: Moutinho Michell Gadelha
Published: July 2020

Este artigo tem como objetivo analisar e propor uma discussão sobre o enunciado “Lugar de mulher é onde ela quiser” a partir de uma perspectiva pecheutiana da análise do discurso com o apoio do conceito de unidades fraseológicas, destacando seu funcionamento em um plano discursivo. Para alcançar este fim, inicialmente, o enunciado será observado como uma unidade fraseológica, cujas principais características tanto estruturais como em relação ao seu sentido, serão discutidas para, posteriormente, aproximá-lo dos conceitos de pré-construído e efeito de sustentação, propostos por Pêcheux, que são mecanismos discursivos que atuam no momento de sua produção e recepção. A discussão demonstra como este enunciado foi possível a partir de um enunciado anterior e antagônico: “Lugar de mulher é na cozinha”, que reverbera em outras unidades fraseológicas em português. Na última seção, serão apresentados os resultados da análise feita sobre as aproximações entre unidades fraseológicas e o campo discursivo.
As Novas Práticas de Letramento Desencadeadas pelo Enem e Pelos Documentos Oficiais de Educação em Língua Materna
Authors: Pereira Hylo Leal , Oliveira Filipe Fontenele
Published: July 2020

Uma das preocupações nos estudos de letramento é compreender o papel social da escola quanto ao ensino de leitura e escrita. Apesar de o Brasil ainda encontrar-se em patamares preocupantes no desenvolvimento dessas habilidades, é perceptível a sensibilização nos documentos oficiais para que os docentes revejam suas práticas de ensino. Nesse sentido, observamos que os Parâmetros Curriculares Nacionais apostam nessa mudança. Compreendemos também que o advento do Exame Nacional do Ensino Médio (Enem), em consonância ao que apregoam esses documentos, influencia na adoção de propostas de ensino de leitura e escrita mais adequadas à concepção de língua como ação, que fundamenta as práticas sociais vinculadas ao desenvolvimento de competências e habilidades. Partindo da concepção de letramento crítico de Street (2014) e da reflexão de Jurado e Rojo (2007) e de Marcuschi (2006) sobre a prática do ensino de língua que tem por base os documentos oficiais, este estudo discute sobre as mudanças nas estratégias de letramento que passaram a existir a partir da realização e popularização do Enem. Para tanto, valemo-nos de uma investigação teórico-bibliográfica, bem como em múltiplas referências. Abordaremos também os conceitos de avaliação interna e externa e apresentaremos a relação entre o Enem e as políticas atuais de educação. Dentre nossas conclusões, enfatizamos a identificação de uma forte influência exercida pelo Enem sobre os sistemas de ensino e, consequentemente, sobre a prática docente. Acreditamos que este trabalho pode gerar reflexões quanto ao ensino de língua portuguesa no que condiz às implicações pedagógicas provocadas por esse exame.
Reflexões sobre a Leitura e a Produção Textual no Contexto do PROFLETRAS/UNEB
Authors: Coutinho Ilmara Valois Bacelar Figueiredo
Published: July 2020

No presente texto, traça-se uma reflexão acerca da leitura e da produção textual, buscando compreender o cenário das pesquisas realizadas no PROFLETRAS/UNEB./CAMPUS V e comunicadas nas dissertações defendidas entre 2015 e 2019, considerando informações colhidas nos resumos publicados no site do Programa, a fim de mapear tendências, campos teóricos, gêneros textuais mais estudados, etc. Ao final do estudo, observa-se a prevalência da leitura nas atividades de intervenção realizadas no PROFLETRAS UNEB, descortinando, a partir dela, uma complexa rede de atividades voltadas a imbricar a escrita, a oralidade, a análise linguística. As pesquisas realizadas englobam estudos voltados aos desafios práticos encontrados no cotidiano da sala de aula, aliando-os a conhecimentos teóricos atuais, o que faz das pesquisas realizadas no Mestrado Profissional em Letras (PROFLETRAS) instrumentos efetivos de qualificação para os professores de Língua Portuguesa da Educação Fundamental em exercício, além de apontar caminhos teóricos promissores acerca do trabalho com a língua, com as linguagens, com os textos, com os discursos. Os resultados confirmam, como já preconizou Rojo (2012, p. 14), a tendência dos “híbridos, impuros e fronteiriços” modos de produzir e entender linguagens na contemporaneidade.
Effectiveness and Reliability of Splenectomy in Chronic Immune Thrombocytopenia
Authors: NARMANLI Mustafa , GÜRSOY Vildan , ALİ Rıdvan , ÖZEN Yılmaz
Published: July 2020

Although splenectomy is markedly effective treatment modality at early period in adult chronic immune thrombocytopenia (ITP), long-term outcomes are still controversial. The aim of this study was to determine long-term effectiveness and reliability of splenectomy in ITP and to identify factors influencing on long-term response.
The study included 100 ITP patients who underwent splenectomy in our General Surgery Department between 1980 and 2004. Parameters including gender, age, platelet count, comorbid diseases, antiplatelet antibody positivity and long-term effect of medical treatment on response to splenectomy were considered.
Owing to advances in treatment protocols, ITP has become a more benign disease and need for splenectomy has been decreased. However, splenectomy is a highly effective in second-line treatment. Based on our results, it was seen that open or laparoscopic splenectomy with low morbidity and mortality rates is an appropriate treatment modality for long-term control of chronic ITP in cases requiring splenectomy. Age and postoperative platelet count were identified as significant prognostic and predictive factors for long-term response to splenectomy.
De la humillación a la gloria. El itinerario cristológico de Miguel Mañara en la iglesia de San Jorge de Sevilla
Authors: Ramírez Ordóñez Eva María
Published: July 2020

El Hospital de la Santa Caridad de Sevilla puede ser contemplado desde múltiples perspectivas: artística, religiosa, histórica, etc. El propósito de este trabajo es abordar el estudio de este emblemático lugar sevillano desde el enfoque teológico que D. Miguel Mañara, su artífice, dejó inscrito en cada uno de sus rincones. Él quiso utilizar la via pulchritudinis como medio de evangelización, mostrando su propia concepción cristológica en un itinerario que muestra al visitante atemporal cómo alcanzar la gloria desde la humildad más radical, a través de las obras de misericordia que nos llevarán al encuentro con Cristo encarnado en los más débiles y necesitados.
Mons. Alonso Llanes y Argüelles, Arzobispo de Sevilla (1783-1795)
Authors: Domínguez Teba Juan Pablo
Published: July 2020

En este trabajo abordamos la trayectoria eclesiástica de Llanes y Arguelles, deteniéndonos, sobre todo, en el periodo de su pontificado como arzobispo de Sevilla. El trabajo está dividido en tres partes. Comenzamos abordando su origen familiar, formación y su etapa como obispo de Segovia. A continuación, presentamos el transcurso de los dos sexenios como arzobispo hispalense (1783-1789 y 1789-1795). Luego, dedicamos un apartado a las empresas artísticas de Llanes y Argüelles como arzobispo de Sevilla. Finalmente, añadimos un apéndice documental. Este estudio, además de arrojar luz sobre su pontificado, es una reflexión que manifiesta el ideal de una verdadera reforma eclesial, en el contexto de unas perspectivas históricas de cambio como las que se sucedieron durante la Ilustración española, teniendo como referencia la condición de obispo Pastor que da la vida por sus ovejas, como refleja la trayectoria eclesiástica de Llanes y Argüelles.
Perigos no uso de agrotóxicos pela saúde pública no controle vetorial do Aedes aegypti
Authors: Silva Thayná Rhayssa Batista da , Costa Polyana Felype Ferreira da , Dos Santos Solange Laurentino
Published: July 2020

O controle das arboviroses dengue, chinkugunya e síndrome congênita do zika vírus tem mantido a aplicação de agrotóxicos como principal estratégia de controle do mosquito Aedes aegypti. Este estudo analisa criticamente a utilização de agrotóxicos pela saúde pública no controle da dengue mediante revisão bibliográfica, documental e de artigos científicos de acordo com as seguintes categorias: (1) as condições de vida e vulnerabilidades; (2) Abordagens de controle do Aedes aegypti no Brasil; (3) a vigilância em saúde pública; e, o (4) (des) conhecimento sobre os perigos do uso de agrotóxicos.  O controle vetorial do Aedes aegypti utiliza agrotóxicos dos grupos químicos organofosforados, carbamatos e piretróides cuja exposição pode gerar efeitos agudos e crônicos na saúde humana. É importante o conhecimento da população sobre a toxicidade e os riscos à saúde.
A lógica do discurso ambientalista empresarial: da extração de sal-gema aos impactos no ambiente urbano
Authors: Teixeira Arthur Felipe de Melo , Nascimento Carlos Henrique de Vasconcelos , Silva Clayton Dos Santos , Lima Jessé Rafael Bento de , Fragoso Marília Lacerda Barbosa
Published: July 2020

É dentro do contexto de especificidades territoriais que emerge a problemática da pesquisa discorrida. Pois, pela condição inicialmente favorável do recorte urbano de Maceió - Alagoas, a atividade de extração de sal-gema foi instaurada na região. Assim, objetivou-se caracterizar a atividade extrativista de sal-gema realizada em Maceió, apontando as principais problemáticas vivenciadas pela população dos bairros Pinheiro, Bebedouro e Mutange, bem como entender a lógica do discurso reproduzido pela instituição operadora da extração. Deste modo, foram realizadas pesquisas bibliográficas e documentais na tentativa de montar um arcabouço teórico sobre a temática, abordando as diferentes concepções da natureza e a influência do capital nas relações socioespaciais. Considerou-se, então, que a atividade mineral desempenhada no território urbano visou à maximização do lucro e não acompanhou a lógica de sustentabilidade reproduzida no discurso ambientalista da empresa. Somado a isso, constatou-se que a realização da atividade propagou impactos socioambientais e econômicos para a população inserida na área analisada.
Análise dos conhecimentos científicos sobre movimentos sociais e suas relações com políticas públicas de 2009 a 2019 no Brasil
Authors: Portela Lindon Johnson Pontes
Published: July 2020

O objetivo proposto neste artigo é o de realizar uma análise das relações entre os movimentos sociais e políticas públicas em artigos nas bases de dados de trabalhos científicos na Scopus e Web of Science nos últimos dez anos (2009-2019) no contexto brasileiro, ponderando analiticamente sobre 5 eixos focais: i) quais as correlação dos documentos mais citados nos últimos dez anos; ii) as fontes mais citadas; iii) quais os autores mais citados; iv); autores com maiores cocitações; v) e correlação de palavras-chave mais usadas neste período de tempo. Diante disso, foram selecionados 132 artigos na WoS e 141 artigos na scopus, posteriormente a busca e seleção dos documentos foi realizado uma análise bibliográfica, no VOSviewer que é uma ferramenta/software para construção e visualização de redes e quadros bibliométricos.