bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Heliosheath Magnetic Field and Plasma Observed by Voyager 2 during 2015 Near Solar Maximum
Authors: Burlaga L. F. , Ness N. F. , Richardson J. D.
Published: June 2018

We discuss magnetic field and plasma observations of the heliosheath made by Voyager 2 (V2) during 2015, when V2 was observing the effects of near-maximum solar activity during solar cycle 24 following the solar minimum in 2009. The average magnetic field strength B was relatively high, 0.126 nT, as expected for solar maximum. A sector structure was observed with nearly equal maximum values of the distribution of directions of daily averages at approximately 90° and 180°, consistent with the Parker spiral magnetic field directions in the heliosheath. This structure indicates that the heliospheric current sheet (HCS) extended to high latitudes above V2 throughout most of 2015. The analysis of one sector boundary confirmed that the HCS was highly inclined (47°) with respect to the equatorial plane. The small-scale increments in B can be described by a

-Gaussian distribution with q = 1.60 ± 0.17 for daily averages and q = 1.66 ± 0.03 for hourly averages. The magnetic flux BV

R

R increased at V2, indicating that there was no significant loss of magnetic energy during 2015. Two merged interaction regions and a global merged interaction region (GMIR) were observed. The flow speed increased as the GMIR moved past V2, indicating that the GMIR was still being compressed by the flow. The GMIR caused a major decrease in the >70 MeV/nuc cosmic-ray intensity. It is likely that the GMIR is causally related to a shock-like disturbance observed by Voyager 1 in the draped interstellar magnetic field beyond the heliopause.
Excessive Shift of the CMB Acoustic Peaks of the Cold Spot Area
Authors: Chiang Lung-Yih
Published: June 2018

Measurement of the acoustic peaks of the cosmic microwave background (CMB) temperature anisotropies has been instrumental in deciding the geometry and content of the universe. Acoustic peak positions vary in different parts of the sky owing to statistical fluctuation. We present the statistics of the peak positions of small patches from ESA Planck data. We found that the peak positions have significantly high variance compared to the 100 CMB simulations with the best-fit ΛCDM model with lensing and Doppler boosting effects included. Examining individual patches, we found that the one containing the mysterious “Cold Spot,” an area near the Eridanus constellation where the temperature is significantly lower than Gaussian theory predicts, displays large synchronous shifts of peak positions toward smaller multipole numbers with significance lower than 1.11 × 10−4. The combination of large synchronous shifts in acoustic peaks and lower-than-usual temperature at the Cold Spot area results in a 4.73σ detection (significance p = 1.11 × 10−6) against the ΛCDM model. And it was already reported in Finelli et al. that in the WISE-2MASS galaxy catalog at z < 0.3 the Cold Spot region is surrounded by surprisingly large underdense regions around 15° in radius, which are found to be in the same square patch. Thus, we propose that there is some extra localized unknown energy to stretch out the space in the transverse direction around the Cold Spot area to simultaneously account for the Cold Spot, the excessive shift of the acoustic peaks, and the large underdense regions.
ALMA 26 Arcmin2 Survey of GOODS-S at One Millimeter (ASAGAO): Average Morphology of High-z Dusty Star-forming Galaxies in an Exponential Disk (n ≃ 1)
Authors: Fujimoto Seiji , Ouchi Masami , Kohno Kotaro , Yamaguchi Yuki , Hatsukade Bunyo , Ueda Yoshihiro , Shibuya Takatoshi , Inoue Shigeki , Oogi Taira , Toft Sune , Gómez-Guijarro Carlos , Wang Tao , Espada Daniel , Nagao Tohru , Tanaka Ichi , Ao Yiping , Umehata Hideki , Taniguchi Yoshiaki , Nakanishi Kouichiro , Rujopakarn Wiphu , Ivison R. J. , Wang Wei-hao , Lee Minju M. , Tadaki Ken-ichi , Tamura Yoichi , Dunlop J. S.
Published: June 2018

We present morphological properties of dusty star-forming galaxies at z = 1–3 determined with the high-resolution (FWHM ∼ 0.″19) Atacama Large Milllimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) 1 mm map of our ASAGAO survey covering a 26 arcmin2 area in GOODS-S. In conjunction with the ALMA archival data, our sample consists of 45 ALMA sources with infrared luminosity (L
IR) range of ∼1011–1013
L
⊙. To obtain an average rest-frame far-infrared (FIR) profile, we perform individual measurements and careful stacking of the ALMA sources using the uv-visibility method that includes positional-uncertainty and smoothing-effect evaluations through Monte Carlo simulations. We find that our sample has an average FIR-wavelength Sérsic index and effective radius of n
FIR = 1.2 ± 0.2 and R
e,FIR = 1.0–1.3 kpc, respectively, additionally with a point-source component at the center, indicative of the existence of active galactic nuclei. The average FIR profile agrees with a morphology of an exponential disk clearly distinguished from a de Vaucouleurs spheroidal profile (Sérsic index of 4). We also examine the rest-frame optical Sérsic index n
opt and effective radius R
e,opt with deep Hubble Space
Telescope (HST) images. Interestingly, we obtain n
opt = 0.9 ± 0.3 (≃n
FIR) and R
e,opt = 3.2 ± 0.6 kpc (>R
e,FIR), suggesting that the dusty disk-like structure is embedded within a larger stellar disk. The rest-frame UV and FIR data of HST and ALMA provide us with a radial profile of the total star formation rate (SFR), where the infrared SFR dominates over the UV SFR at the center. Under the assumption of a constant SFR, a compact stellar distribution in z ∼ 1–2 compact quiescent galaxies (cQGs) is well reproduced, while a spheroidal stellar morphology of cQGs (n
opt = 4) is not, suggestive of other important mechanism(s) such as dynamical dissipation.
The Mouse Pulsar Wind Nebula
Authors: Klingler Noel , Kargaltsev Oleg , Pavlov George G. , Ng C.-Y. , Beniamini Paz , Volkov Igor
Published: June 2018

The young energetic pulsar J1747–2958 (τ = 26 kyr,

erg s−1) powers the Mouse pulsar wind nebula (PWN), famous for its spectacular tail spanning 45″ in X-rays and 12′ in radio (d ∼ 5 kpc). We present the results of Chandra observations of the PWN and the analysis of archival lower-frequency data. The Chandra HRC image reveals a point-like source at the pulsar position, ≈1′ behind the bow shock apex of the PWN. The flattened appearance of the compact nebula is consistent with an equatorial outflow deformed by the ram pressure, implying that the angle between the pulsar’s spin axis and line of sight is ∼70° (in agreement with the radio and γ-ray pulse profiles). The spatially resolved spectroscopy with Chandra ACIS shows that the power-law (PL) spectrum steepens from Γ = 1.65 ± 0.02 to 3.0 ± 0.1 over the 45′ extent of the X-ray tail. However, the tail’s X-ray spectrum integrated over its 45″ length fits a single absorbed PL with Γ = 2.09 ± 0.03. We also found the Mouse PWN in 150 MHz GMRT data and a possible counterpart in 24 μm Spitzer data. The multiwavelength data suggest that, at low frequencies, the spectrum of the X-ray-emitting tail region can be described by a broken PL with at least one turnover between radio and X-rays. This is consistent with synchrotron cooling of electrons injected at the termination shock (with a spectral energy distribution slope of 2.2) with an equipartition magnetic field B ∼ 200 μG and a bulk flow speed v ∼ 4000 km s−1.
Even well-studied groups of alien species might be poorly inventoried: Australian Acacia species in South Africa as a case study
Authors: Magona Nkoliso , Richardson David M. , Le Roux Johannes J. , Kritzinger-Klopper Suzaan , Wilson John R. U.
Published: June 2018

Understanding the status and extent of spread of alien plants is crucial for effective management. We explore this issue using Australian Acacia species (wattles) in South Africa (a global hotspot for wattle introductions and tree invasions). The last detailed inventory of wattles in South Africa was based on data collated forty years ago. This paper aimed to determine: 1) how many Australian Acacia species have been introduced to South Africa; 2) which species are still present; and 3) the status of naturalised taxa that might be viable targets for eradication. All herbaria in South Africa with specimens of introduced Australian Acacia species were visited and locality records were compared with records from literature sources, various databases, and expert knowledge. For taxa not already known to be widespread invaders, field surveys were conducted to determine whether plants are still present, and detailed surveys were undertaken of all naturalised populations. To confirm the putative identities of the naturalised taxa, we also sequenced one nuclear and one chloroplast gene. We found evidence that 141 Australian Acacia species have been introduced to South Africa (approximately double the estimate from previous work), but we could only confirm the current presence of 33 species. Fifteen wattle species are invasive (13 are in category E and two in category D2 in the Unified Framework for Biological Invasions); five have naturalised (C3); and 13 are present but there was no evidence that they had produced reproductive offspring (B2 or C1). DNA barcoding provided strong support for only 23 taxa (including two species not previously recorded from South Africa), the current name ascribed was not supported for three species and, for a further three species, there was no voucher specimen on GenBank against which their identity could be checked. Given the omissions and errors found during this systematic re-evaluation of historical records, it is clear that analyses of the type conducted here are crucial if the status of even well-studied groups of alien taxa is to be accurately determined.
Species of the subgenus Empis (Xanthempis) from South Korea (Diptera, Empididae)
Authors: Zhou Jiale , Shamshev Igor , Kwon Yongjung , Yang Ding
Published: June 2018

The subgenus Empis (Xanthempis) is newly recorded from South Korea with the following two species: E. (X.) sesquata (Ito, 1961) and E. (X.) suhisp. n.A key to the known species ofXanthempisfrom Eastern Asia is presented. The distribution ofXanthempisin eastern Asia is briefly discussed.
Le contrôle des circulations maritimes et des produits exportés dans l’espace baltique à l’époque moderne : l’exemple de Riga au xviii e  siècle
Authors: Pourchasse Pierrick
Published: June 2018

À l’époque moderne, le Nord se spécialise dans la fourniture de matières premières vers l’Europe occidentale et développe son réseau portuaire. Sur la côte sud de la mer Baltique, les contraintes géographiques favorisent quelques ensembles portuaires situés aux débouchés des grands fleuves qui collectent les matières premières de leur arrière-pays pour l’exportation. Dans la plupart d’entre eux (Dantzig, Königsberg, Riga, Memel), les pouvoirs municipaux conservent leurs privilèges, datant du Moyen Âge, pour organiser leur commerce en établissant des règlements très stricts pour favoriser les bourgeois de la ville mais aussi pour faciliter la circulation des marchandises et garantir la qualité de ses produits sur les marchés de l’Europe occidentale. La ville de Riga, fondée en 1192, bénéficie d’une situation géographique exceptionnelle qui lui permet de collecter les marchandises d’un immense arrière-pays et de mettre en relation une grande partie de l’Europe de l’Est avec la Baltique. C’est aussi un centre nodal qui redistribue produits et matières premières du Nord vers l’ensemble du marché européen grâce à une communauté marchande bien structurée. Le port livonien bénéficie de tous les atouts nécessaires à un grand développement : une localisation idéale à l’embouchure de la Dvina (Daugava), fleuve d’environ 1000 km de longueur, un arrière-pays qui s’étend de la Livonie à l’Ukraine et un contexte institutionnel qui favorise les échanges internationaux. Le système de la ville-étape, tel qu’il fonctionne à Riga, est un moyen pour faire fonctionner ces outils stratégiques que sont les ports, leviers indispensables au développement économique et social mais aussi au rayonnement politique d’une région ou d’un pays.
« Charité bien ordonnée commence par soi-même… » Pour une épistémologie de la charité dans le socialisme utopique
Authors: Larangé Daniel S.
Published: June 2018

La question de la charité apparaît, pour ceux qui pensent la société au xix e siècle, comme une aporie. Les principaux utopistes socialistes répondent vigoureusement aux défenseurs du libéralisme économique qui placent le progrès industriel au-dessus de toutes les vertus, corrompant aussi bien l’Église que l’État, pour en obtenir des avantages au détriment des plus nécessiteux. Aussi le socialisme utopique des Saint-Simon, Fourier et Comte adapte-t-il la vertu théologale à ses constructions sociales sous forme de charité civile, de devoir d¹empathie et de solidarité altruiste. Par ce biais, la science sociale se heurte aux paradoxes de la charité sise au cœur de la question sociale.
Vices et malheurs de la charité : les détournements du réalisme
Authors: Pierre Chantal
Published: June 2018

Pour le roman réaliste-naturaliste qui s’inscrit dans une période critique remettant en question l’économie et la morale de charité, celle-ci constitue à la fois un fait social à caractériser dans le cadre d’une étude de mœurs (la charité est à l’ordre du jour des agendas mondains) et un récit préétabli (comme la visite au pauvre prescrite et détaillée par les manuels de charité du dix-neuvième siècle, tel Gérando) avec des protagonistes, un déroulement, une tonalité (le pathétique) qu’il s’agit de dérégler et de déprogrammer. Il en résulte des scènes de charité mondaine, obscène et prostitutionnelle, des scènes d’aumônes détournées en scènes érotiques et des catastrophes (morts, viols, vols…) en guise de dénouement au scénario caritatif. L’ultime dommage réaliste infligé à l’économie de la charité consiste en la suppression de l’échange sentimental qui est censé l’accompagner : reconnaissance et attendrissement n’ont plus cours.
Nonlinear Acoustic Spectroscopy Method for Nondestructive Testing of Thermally Damaged Concrete
Authors: Matysík Michal , Carbol Ladislav , Chobola Zdeněk , Plšková Iveta
Published: June 2018

Most concrete structures are subjected to a range of temperature corresponding to normal environmental temperatures. However, there are important cases where concrete structures may be exposed to much higher temperatures (e.g., jet aircraft engine blasts, building fires, chemical and metallurgical industrial applications in which the concrete is in close proximity to furnaces, and some nuclear power-related postulated accident conditions). Exposure of concrete to high temperatures affects its mechanical properties. In this paper we examine the dependence of the fundamental frequency on temperature to which the concrete beams were heated. Fundamental frequencies were obtained by an innovative method used Pseudorandom Binary Sequence of Maximum Length as a perturbation signal. For the verification of the results the Ultrasonic Pulse Velocity in concrete were also measured and flexural bending strengths were determined. The results show method with Pseudorandom Binary Sequence of Maximum Length as a perturbation signal as a very promising for non-destructive testing of thermally damaged concrete.
Effect of Ammonium Ion Content in Fly Ash after Selective Non-Catalytic Reduction (SNCR) on Physical and Mechanical Properties of Autoclaved Aerated Concrete (AAC)
Authors: Lédl Matěj , Galvánková Lucie , Drochytka Rostislav
Published: June 2018

After introducing SNCR in coal combustion process in power plants, the valuable by-product such as fly ash remains contaminated with amount of ammonia in form of NH4HSO4, (NH4)2SO4 respectively, which became undesirable in AAC technology because the toxic ammonia is released in the air during the mixing process. This paper deals with the effect of varying ammonia content in fly ash after selective non-catalytic reduction (SNCR) on the physical-mechanical properties of the fly ash based autoclaved aerated concrete (AAC) with the main focus on determination of the impact of the various content of ammonium ion in fly ash on the initial consistency of fresh slurry, the residual content of ammonium ion in hardened aerated matrix and also the impact on the bulk density, compressive strength and tobermorite formation after hydrothermal treatment. Seven batches of AAC, made out of fly ash with rising content of ammonium ion from 0 ppm to 250 ppm, were tested and based on the results obtained it was found out that ammonia is released during the mixing process entirely and doesn‘t remain in AAC after autoclaving, moreover it doesn‘t affect the properties of both fresh slurry (no apparent foaming effect noticed) and thermally treated samples of AAC. Formation of tobermorite wasn’t negatively affected.
Differences in Electrical Properties of Portland Cement and Alkali-Activated Slag Mortars
Authors: Rovnaník Pavel , Míková Maria , Kusák Ivo , Bayer Patrik
Published: June 2018

Alkali-activated slag is known as a building material for more than sixty years and is considered an alternative to Portland cement based binders. Compared to Portland cement it exhibits some superior properties such as higher resistance against chemical attack and exposure to elevated temperatures. Aluminosilicate binders are generally electrical insulators; however, electrical properties of building materials gain the importance in the new field of applications such as self-sensing or self-heating materials. This paper brings a comparison of the electrical properties, especially resistance and capacitance, between Portland cement and alkali-activated slag mortars. The measurements revealed that alkali-activated slag shows enhanced conducting properties due to the presence of mobile hydrated sodium ions and metallic iron microparticles.
Epoxy Resin Coatings Crystallization and Influence of Crystallinity on Shore Hardness and Tensile Properties
Authors: Vyhnánková Michaela , Hodul Jakub , Bydžovský Jiří
Published: June 2018

The epoxy resins are very popular and plentifully used synthetic resins. The bisphenol A-based (DGEBA) and bisphenol F-based epoxy resins (DGEBF) crystallization is phenomenon which is for that kind of resins natural. They are undercooled liquids and they tend to form the crystal structure at the ambient temperature. The subject of the research is to determine the effect of some crystallinity of DGEBF on chosen mechanical parameters. The degree of crystallinity was counted through the specific weights of crystallized bisphenol F-based epoxy resins. The prepared crystallized samples of DGEBA/DGEBF mixtures were mixed in appropriate weight ratio with isophorondiamine (IPD) based curing agent. Measured was hardness Shore D according to EN ISO 868 standard and tensile parameters according to EN ISO 527-1 standard. Furthermore, the effect of crystallinity on chosen mechanical parameters was observed. It was found out that with the higher crystallinity maximum tensile stress and hardness increased close to the standard parameters amorphous DGEBA and DGEBF.
Development of New Advanced Plasters with Waste Fibers Content
Authors: Zach Jiří , Hroudová Jitka , Novák Vítězslav
Published: June 2018

The paper deals with the possibilities of using secondary raw materials in the development of new advanced lightweight plasters. It was about fibers from recycled waste materials (waste paper, PET bottles, tyres) and recycled insulation (stone wool). The aim of adding fibers to these lightweight building materials was improvement of mechanical properties, improvement thermal insulation properties and reduction of crack sensitivity. It can be stated, based on the evaluation of the selected measurements, that both types of cellulose fibers and fibers from recycled tyres had positive influence on the mechanical properties, namely in the case of compressive strength. From the point of view of thermal insulating properties, it can be said that only 2 types of fibers have reduced the value of the thermal conductivity. They were mixtures with stone fibers and with recycled tyres fibers. Both of these mixtures also showed the lowest average values of bulk density. Based on the carried out research works can be it concluded that the use of recycled tyres fibers show as optimal.
Testing and Optimization of Production of Technical Foam for the Production of Cement Foam
Authors: Mikulica Karel , Dolák Dušan
Published: June 2018

In the current construction industry, great importance is given to the usage of thermally insulating building materials. One of the many such materials can be a cement foam or foam concrete, a mixture of cement mortar and technical foam. This material can be, due to its consistency right after mixing, applied to uneven horizontal surfaces where usage of conventional thermal board insulation materials would be complicated. This paper discusses the methodology of testing of the physical and mechanical properties of foaming additives such as strength, density, foaming number and half-separability of technical foams. Then this methodology was subsequently verified on the five commonly used foaming additives in the Czech Republic.
Fibre Cement Board Characteristics in Relation to Bulk Density and the Way of Treatment
Authors: Khestl Filip , Pelantová Karolína
Published: June 2018

The paper deals with the influence of different treatments on the properties of fibre cement boards. In the article, six basic treatment options were used for the manufactured boards, which were applied after mixing and pressing. Within the experimental part it was found that the chosen treatment options have no positive effect or have insignificant effect on the resulting properties; however the different pressing load during manufacturing of the boards have great influence directly on all physically-mechanical properties.
Development of Light-Weight Concrete with Utilization of Foam Glass Based Aggregate
Authors: Zach Jiří , Sedlmajer Martin , Dufek Zdenek , Bubenik Jan
Published: June 2018

The use of material based on by-products and easily renewable materials in modern building structures is today’s preferred route for long-term sustainable construction and this method of construction also respects the principles of key documents, such as the Kyoto Protocol/ Paris Climate Agreements, Agenda 20-20-20, etc. In the field of light concrete (LC), the long-term effort is to effectively reduce the bulk density to a level where the concrete will still exhibit sufficient mechanical properties, so it would be possible to use it as construction material in building structure and at the same time will exhibit a sufficiently low thermal conductivity for the construction to fulfil strict requirements in the field of thermal protection of building without the need for additional thermal insulation layers. The paper describes the results of the research in the utilization of light-weight aggregate based on foam glass in conjunction with by-product based fibers for the development of light-weight porous concrete with very low density and thermal conductivity.
Hydraulic Binder from Hazardous Waste
Authors: Staněk Theodor , Boháč Martin , Zezulová Anežka , Rybová Alexandra
Published: June 2018

Since asbestos has been classified as a hazardous chemical, it is desirable to propose a practical and safe procedure for the disposal of asbestos-cement products, or even better to re-use them. In this work, the temperature conditions of degradation of samples of various types of asbestos and products containing asbestos were examined. Samples were burnt at different temperatures and monitored by XRD, DTA, light and electron microscopy. By evaluation of changes at different burning temperatures, the previous findings on the decomposition of asbestos minerals have been confirmed. It has been found that the burning of asbestos cement materials alone or with the addition of limestone at the temperature above 1100 °C leads to the decomposition of hazardous asbestos and, with or without the addition of a setting regulator, hydraulic binder is formed with technological parameters suitable for the building industry.
The Relation of Limestone Origin and its Reactivity to the Preparation of Desulphurization Agents
Authors: Dvořák Karel , Dolák Dušan , Bureš Jaroslav , Všianský Dalibor , Ravaszová Simona
Published: June 2018

Limestone is used in the flue gas desulphurization process due to its ability to form sulfur compounds. Different qualities of limestone absorbents can be used in the process and it is therefore important to measure the reactivity of these materials. A limestone with a 90 to 95% of calcium carbonate is used to prepare limestone slurry for the flue gas desulphurization. It is very important to explore the different properties of the raw material for a better understanding of the desulphurization process and also the impact on the economic aspect of the process [1-3]. This article presents a study about limestones reactivity, which is measured by the Bischof-Uhde method. At first the study monitors the impact of the milling of set of Czech limestones on their reactivity and furthermore deals with the influence of the genesis and porosity of the set of world limestones also on the reactivity of limestones in the desulphurization process.
Effect of the Firing Process to the Lime Crystallinity
Authors: Dvořák Karel , Sklenářová Dorothea , Dolák Dušan , Stachová Jana
Published: June 2018

This work is focused on the effect and properties of input material on speed of decarbonation. Various types of limestones were used from quarries all around the world and their different properties and behavior were studied. The aim of this research is to find the influence of chemical composition, petrography, porosity and microstructure of limestones on speed .and profile of decarbonation. Process of decarbonation of calcite is subsequently evaluated for the crystallinity of the newly formed product.
The Influence of Fine Particle Content (Cement Together with Sand Particles up to 0.25 mm) on Rheological Properties of Concrete Mixture
Authors: Dauksys Mindaugas , Klovas Albertas , Vaičiukynienė Danutė
Published: June 2018

The influence of the fine particle content on the rheological properties of the fresh concrete mixture was studied. The change of cement together with sand particles up to 0.25 mm in mixture composition was taken into the consideration. The amount of fine particles in mixture composition varied in the range from 402 to 639 kg per one cubic meter of the concrete mixture. Technological properties of the concrete mixture were established according to the standardized requirements, rheological properties: yield stresses and viscosity of conventional concrete mixture were calculated based on analytical formulas. According to obtained test results, the increase of fine particle content from 481 to 520 kg in mixture reduced the yield stresses from about 557 to 132 Pa. Further increase of fine particle content from 600 to 639 kg showed the rise of yield stress by 3.87 times. On the other hand, the viscosity of concrete mixture gradually decreased (ca. 5.6 times). To sum up, the rheological properties of the concrete mixture were significantly influenced by the content, packing density, fineness, surface texture and particle size distribution of fine particles.
Mathematical and Geomechanical Model in Physical and Chemical Processes of Underground Coal Gasification
Authors: Pivnyak Gennadiy , Dychkovskyi Roman , Bobyliov Oleksandr , Cabana Edgar Cáceres , Smoliński Adam
Published: June 2018

The formation of the stress-strain state of rocks in the several phase gasification processes was considered. Proceeding from the well-known principles of thermodynamics and phase formation of the multi-type rockmass under the influence of the temperature field, a geomechanical model of a two-layer artificially-formed shell formed during the gasification process by the method of variation feeding of the blowing mixture to the body of the gas generator was developed. The Neumann principle is used for the magnitude determination of the maximum stress vector, which involves the definition of the axial tensor of mechanical deformations through the anisotropy of the thermal expansion (the polar tensor of the second rank). This makes the possibility to create the base for a package of information programs creation. Such programs give the possibility to simplify the study of the rockmass deformation characteristics and to evaluate the stresses in a thermally changing environment. Researches are carried out by creating the final element system with the adaptation to the specific mining-geological conditions. These approaches are checked both for working out the coal reserves and for utilization of the mining waste products. Results of this investigation were included to the Roman Dychkovskyi thesis of the scientific degree of the Doctor of the Technique Sciences “Scientific Principles of Technologies Combination for Coal Mining in Weakly Metamorphoses Rockmass”. They contain the researches, which were conducted within the project GP – 489, financed by Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine.
Substantiation of Mineral Extraction from Man-Made Deposits
Authors: Maltsev Dmytro , Vladyko Oleksandr , Kokowski Konrad
Published: June 2018

Analysis of scientific publications of recent years has shown the need to further study the development of man-made mineral deposits in Ukraine. The main reasons for development of man-made deposits were considered, and the basic requirements for mining man-made deposits were formed, including: efficiency increase of mining operations; reduction of negative environmental impact on the region and restoration of land after industrial activity. Technology that made it possible to group dumps based on their formation is analyzed, which allowed to form clusters. They allow to determine the optimal technology for the development of man-made deposits based on the type of minerals to be extracted and the method of its formation. As a result of the study, the algorithm of making decision on the choice of optimal technology for the development of man-made deposits based on graphical data was developed, taking into account the type of minerals to be extracted, depending on the structure of the deposit and the specific features of its formation.
Methodical and Applied Aspects of Hydrodynamic Modeling of Options of Mining Operation Curtailment
Authors: Sadovenko Ivan , Zahrytsenko Alina , Podvigina Olena , Dereviahina Natalia , Brzeźniak Stanisław
Published: June 2018

The physicomathematical conjugation of filtration models of a flooded and an adjacent mine is carried out with a justification of methodological principles of analysis and prediction of a technogenic mode of groundwater in conditions of operation and flooding of a mine field. The identity of models and real objects is established as a result of solving a series of inverse problems and is confirmed by a water balance discrepancy of 0.003%, the convergence of water inflows in separate layers with a deviation of 5 – 12.5% and the coincidence of groundwater surface levels on models and data of a mode network. According to results of predictive solutions, it is established that dynamics of flooding of a rock massif within old stopes are more intensive than the restoration of a level of groundwater in a mine shaft. The options of technical solutions for curtailment of mining operations are justified, the ecological risks and costs of which can be optimized by constructing a water intake of technical (or drinking) water in the productive stratum of riverbed sandstones, as well as equipment for geocirculation heat supply systems using the capacitive resource of a flooded mine field.
Q Fever in Military Firefighters during Cadet Training in Brazil
Authors: de Lemos Elba Regina Sampaio , Rozental Tatiana , Siqueira Bibiana Nogueira , Júnior Adonai Alvino Pessoa , Joaquim Thays Euzebio , da Silva Raphael Gomes , Leite Carolina de Andrade , Arantes Adriana Alvarez , da Cunha Marisângela Ferreira , Borghi Danielle Provençano
Published: June 2018

We report five cases of Q fever among cadets during a training program for Military Firefighters Academy in the state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. This cluster confirms the significance of Coxiella burnetii as an infectious agent in Brazil, where the occurrence of this zoonosis is poorly documented and highlights the potential risk for Q fever transmission in rural areas or farms with infected animals.
Evaluation of Treatment Coverage and Enhanced Mass Drug Administration for Onchocerciasis and Lymphatic Filariasis in Five Local Government Areas Treating Twice Per Year in Edo State, Nigeria
Authors: Griswold Emily , Eigege Abel , Ityonzughul Cephas , Emukah Emmanuel , Miri Emmanuel S. , Anagbogu Ifeoma , Saka Yisa A. , Kadiri Saliu , Adelamo Solomon , Ugbadamu Paul , Ikogho Clement , Richards Frank O.
Published: June 2018

The western region of Edo state in southern Nigeria is highly endemic for onchocerciasis. Despite years of mass drug administration (MDA) with ivermectin (IVM), reports suggest persistently high prevalence of onchocerciasis, presumably because of poor coverage. In 2016, twice-per-year treatment with IVM (combined with albendazole for lymphatic filariasis in the first round where needed) began in five local government areas (LGAs) of Edo state. We undertook a multistage cluster survey within 3 months after each round of MDA to assess coverage. First-round coverage was poor: among 4,942 people of all ages interviewed from 145 clusters, coverage was 31.1% (95% confidence intervals [CI]: 24.1–38.0%). Most respondents were not offered medicines. To improve coverage in the second round, three LGAs were randomized to receive MDA through a “modified campaign” approach focused on improved supervision and monitoring. The other two LGAs continued with standard MDA as before. A similar survey was conducted after the second round, interviewing 3,362 people in 87 clusters across the five LGAs. Coverage was not statistically different from the first round (40.0% [95% CI: 31.0–49.0%]) and there was no significant difference between the groups (P = 0.7), although the standard MDA group showed improvement over round 1 (P < 0.01). The additional cost per treatment in the modified MDA was 1.6 times that of standard MDA. Compliance was excellent among those offered treatment. We concluded that poor mobilization, medicine distribution, and program penetration led to low coverage. These must be addressed to improve treatment coverage in Edo state.
Associations between Use of Antimalarial Medications and Health among U.S. Veterans of the Wars in Iraq and Afghanistan
Authors: Schneiderman Aaron I. , Cypel Yasmin S. , Dursa Erin K. , Bossarte Robert M.
Published: June 2018

Mefloquine (Lariam®; Roche Holding AG, Basel, Switzerland) has been linked to acute neuropsychiatric side effects. This is a concern for U.S. veterans who may have used mefloquine during recent Southwest Asia deployments. Using data from the National Health Study for a New Generation of U.S. Veterans, a population-based study of U.S. veterans who served between 2001 and 2008, we investigated associations between self-reported use of antimalarial medications and overall physical and mental health (MH) using the twelve-item short form, and with other MH outcomes using the post-traumatic stress disorder Checklist-17 and the Patient Health Questionnaire (anxiety, major depression, and self-harm). Multivariable logistic regression was performed to examine associations between health measures and seven antimalarial drug categories: any antimalarial, mefloquine, chloroquine, doxycycline, primaquine, mefloquine plus any other antimalarial, and any other antimalarial or antimalarial combination while adjusting for the effects of deployment and combat exposure. Data from 19,487 veterans showed that although antimalarial use was generally associated with higher odds of negative health outcomes, once deployment and combat exposure were added to the multivariable models, the associations with each of the MH outcomes became attenuated. A positive trend was observed between combat exposure intensity and prevalence of the five MH outcomes. No significant associations were found between mefloquine and MH measures. These data suggest that the poor physical and MH outcomes reported in this study population are largely because of combat deployment exposure.
Development of Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification–Based Lateral Flow Device Method for the Detection of Malaria
Authors: Mallepaddi Prudhvi Chand , Lai Meng-Yee , Podha Sudhakar , Ooi Choo-Huck , Liew Jonathan Wee-Kent , Polavarapu Rathnagiri , Lau Yee-Ling
Published: June 2018

The present study aims to develop a method for rapid diagnosis of malaria using loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) combined with a lateral flow device (LFD). By adding the biotin-labeled and fluorescein amidite-labeled loop primers to the LAMP reaction solution, the end product can be visualized on a LFD. The entire procedure takes approximately 42 minutes to complete, LAMP assay exhibited high sensitivity, as the detection limit was 0.01 pg/μL for all five Plasmodium species. It was demonstrated that all Plasmodium knowlesi (N = 90) and Plasmodium vivax (N = 56) were positively amplified by LAMP-LFD assay, whereas healthy donor samples (N = 8) were negative. However, not all mixed infections were positive, and other infected nonmalaria samples were negative. Loop-mediated isothermal amplification-LFD represents a robust approach with potential suitability for use in resource-constrained laboratories. We believe that LAMP-LFD has a potential to be developed as point-of-care diagnostic tool in future.
Measured particle water uptake enhanced by co-condensing vapours
Authors: Hu Dawei , Topping David , McFiggans Gordon
Published: June 2018

Abstract. Co-condensation of inorganic or organic vapours on growing droplets could significantly enhance both cloud condensation nucleus (CCN) and cloud droplet number concentration, thereby influencing cloud albedo and climate. Until now, there has been no direct observational evidence of this process. We have measured the growth of inorganic salt particles exposed to both water and organic vapours at 291.15 K in the laboratory, showing that co-condensation of the organic vapours significantly enhances water uptake of aerosols. After exposure to water and propylene glycol vapours, ammonium sulphate particles grew much more than any previously measured particles, inorganic or organic, at the same relative humidity. The maximum equivalent hygroscopicity parameter, κ, was observed to reach up to 2.64, very much higher than values (0.1 < κ < 0.9) measured for atmospheric particulate matter using conventional instrumentation, which may be blind to this effect. Under a continuously replenishing organic vapour field, the particles never reached equilibrium owing to the presence of the involatile solute and were observed to continuously grow with increasing exposure time, in agreement with model simulations. Co-condensation of butylene glycol (which has similar volatility but, at aw = 0.9, a higher Sorg than propylene glycol in our system) and tri-ethylene glycol (which has lower volatility and, at aw = 0.9, lower Sorg than propylene glycol in our system) vapours additionally measured in this study. The maximum equivalent hygroscopicity parameter, κ, reached as high as 8.48 for ammonium sulphate particles exposed to water and tri-ethylene glycol vapours at 90 % RH. This enhancement of particle water uptake through co-condensation of vapours constitutes the first direct measurement of this process, which may substantially influence cloud droplet formation in the atmosphere. In addition, the model simulations for exposure to co-condensing butylene glycol and tri-ethylene glycol vapours with water show that there are factors other than Sorg, which influence the co-condensation of SVOCs that are as yet not understood.
Comparison of H component geomagnetic field time series obtained at different sites over South America
Authors: Bolzan Maurício J. A. , Denardini Clezio M. , Tardelli Alexandre
Published: June 2018

Abstract. The
geomagnetic field in the Brazilian sector is influenced by the South American
Magnetic Anomaly (SAMA) that causes a decrease in the magnitude of the local
geomagnetic field when compared to other regions in the world. Thus, the
magnetometer network and data set of space weather over Brazil led by Embrace
are important tools for promoting the understanding of geomagnetic fields
over Brazil. In this sense, in this work we used the H component of
geomagnetic fields obtained at different sites in South America in order to
compare results from the phase coherence obtained from wavelet transform
(WT). Results from comparison between Cachoeira Paulista (CXP) and
Eusébio (EUS), and Cachoeira Paulista and São Luis (SLZ), indicated
that there exist some phenomena that occur simultaneously in both locations,
putting them in the same phase coherence. However, there are other phenomena
putting both locations in a strong phase difference as observed between CXP
and Rio Grande, Argentina (RGA). This study was done for a specific moderate
geomagnetic storm that occurred in March 2003. The results are explained in
terms of nonlinear interaction between physical phenomena acting in distinct
geographic locations and at different times and scales. Keywords. Geomagnetism and paleomagnetism (time variations – diurnal to secular)
The role of a mid-air collision in drifting snow
Authors: Jia Shuming , Wang Zhengshi , Li Shumin
Published: June 2018

Abstract. Drifting snow, a common two-phase flow movement in high and cold areas, contributes greatly to the mass and energy balance of glacier and ice sheets and further affects the global climate system. Mid-air collisions occur frequently in high-concentration snow flows; however, this mechanism is rarely considered in current models of drifting snow. In this work, a three-dimensional model of drifting snow with consideration of inter-particle collisions is established; this model enables the investigation of the role of a mid-air collision mechanism in openly drifting snow. It is found that the particle collision frequency increases with the particle concentration and friction velocity, and the blown snow with a mid-air collision effect produces more realistic transport fluxes since inter-particle collision can enhance the particle activity under the same condition. However, the snow saltation mass flux basically shows a cubic dependency with friction velocity, which distinguishes it from the quadratic dependence of blown sand movement. Moreover, the snow saltation flux is found to be largely sensitive to the particle size distribution since the suspension snow may restrain the saltation movement. This research could improve our understanding of the role of the mid-air collision mechanism in natural drifting snow.
A Large-Eddy Simulation Approach for Wind Turbine Wakes and its Verification with Wind Tunnel Measurements
Authors: Wang Jiangang , Wang Chengyu , Campagnolo Filippo , Bottasso Carlo L.
Published: June 2018

Abstract. This paper first describes a large-eddy simulation approach, and then verifies it with respect to single-turbine wind tunnel experiments. Various aspects of the numerical approach are considered, to try to reduce its need for tuning, improve its accuracy and limit its computational cost. Simulation results are compared to measurements, including rotor and wake quantities. The study includes normal operating conditions, as well as wake manipulation by derating, yaw misalignment and cyclic pitching of the blades. Results indicate a good overall matching of simulations with experiments. Low turbulence test cases appear to be more challenging than moderate and high turbulence ones, due to the need for denser grids to limit numerical diffusion and accurately resolve tip-shed vortices in the near wake region.
Early Twentieth-Century Religio-Racial Movements and the Radical Reconfiguration of Memory, Experience, and Imagination
Authors: Sesay Chernoh M.
Published: June 2018

This review highlights how Judith Weisenfeld's concept of “religio-racial” consciousness reveals the comparative and contrasting ways that Ethiopian Hebrews, the Moorish Science Temple, the Nation of Islam, and the Peace Mission refigured perspectives of time and space. Weisenfeld's analysis also underscores the limits of Protestantism for understanding twentieth-century racial communities.
Methods for Patient-Centered Interface Design of Test Result Display in Online
Portals
Authors: Nystrom Daniel T. , Singh Hardeep , Baldwin Jessica , Sittig Dean F. , Giardina Traber D.
Published: June 2018

Objectives: Patients have unique information needs to help them interpret and make
decisions about laboratory test results they receive on web-based portals. However,
current portals are not designed in a patient-centered way and little is known on how
best to harness patients’ information needs to inform user-centered interface design of
portals. We designed a patient-facing laboratory test result interface prototype based
on requirement elicitation research and used a mixed-methods approach to evaluate this
interface.Methods: After designing an initial test result display prototype, we used
multiple evaluation methods, including focus group review sessions, expert consultation,
and user testing, to make iterative design changes. For the user testing component, we
recruited 14 patient-users to collect and analyze three types of data: comments made
during testing sessions, responses to post-session questionnaires, and system usability
scores.Results: Our initial patient-centered interface design included visual ranges of
laboratory values, nontechnical descriptions of the test and result, and access to
features to help patients interpret and make decisions about their results. Findings
from our evaluation resulted in 6 design iterations of the interface. Results from user
testing indicate that the later versions of the interface fulfilled patient’s
information needs, were perceived as usable, and provided access to information and
techniques that facilitated patient’s ability to derive meaning from each test
result.Conclusions: Requirement elicitation studies can inform the design of a
patient-facing test result interface, but considerable user-centered design efforts are
necessary to create an interface that patients find useful. To promote patient
engagement, health information technology designers and developers can use similar
approaches to enhance user-centered software design in patient portals.
Novas tecnologias e educação: REA uma possibilidades
Authors: Oliveira Eliane Aparecida de
Published: June 2018

Resenha do Livro "Recursos Educacionais Abertos: praticas colaborativas e políticas publicas", que traz a discussao sobre a produção e compartilhamento de materiais educacionais atraves da internet.
Empoderamento feminino e trajetória de vida: os modelos rígidos do “ser mulher”
Authors: Galetti Carolina Hildebrand
Published: June 2018

Diversos enfoques teóricos e metodológicos marcam os estudos de gênero. Um deles diz respeito às potencialidades do conceito para entender e analisar as memórias e as trajetórias individuais, de maneira a descortinar o universo social, cultural e político das experiências de mulheres. Conforme pontuado por Rachel Soihet (2009), a abordagem biográfica permite situar no centro da problemática a experiência social das mulheres, “não como uma essência qualquer que nos confiaria um segredo de uma identidade feminina hipostasiada”, mas com o movimento de um perpétuo e incessante “vai e vem, entre o dado e vivido, o objetivo e o subjetivo, as determinações e as margens de manobra”, de maneira que neste social e nas estratégias individuais, insere-se um “projeto e que constrói e reconstrói sem cessar o universo social no qual se afirmam, enquanto sujeitos, os indivíduos e os coletivos”.Esse artigo tem como objetivo através de entrevistas realizadas com a professora da rede pública e aluna de mestrado, mostrar como se deu sua formação em Ciências Sociais, a sua formação como mulher, durante a graduação, evidenciamos as dificuldades vivenciadas, tendo como fio condutor o casamento, a maternidade e a escolarização, numa perspectiva de gênero.