bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Juegos de lenguaje sociales y palabras que dañan. Un estudio sobre la interpretación aplicada de la obra del segundo Wittgenstein
Authors: Gamero Cabrera Isabel G.
Published: May 2019

En este artículo voy a profundizar en una interpretación aplicada de la obra del segundo Wittgenstein, propuesta por José Medina, Miranda Fricker y Peg O’Connor, entre otros. Estos autores equiparan juegos de lenguaje y formas de vida, entienden las reglas de los juegos como normas sociales y trasladan la argumentación del filósofo vienés a un ámbito sociopolítico. Concretamente, José Medina propone un argumento en oposición a los juegos de lenguaje sociales, que es la versión social al argumento de Wittgenstein en oposición a los juegos de lenguaje privados. En segundo lugar, analizaré dos casos: las distintas denominaciones de los indios huicholes y el uso del plural inclusivo por parte de algunos feminismos. Lo más interesante de estos dos casos es que estos grupos proponen significados privados o usos del lenguaje que sólo parecen ser válidos para ellos. Preguntaré si estos usos se pueden entender como juegos de lenguaje sociales y ser criticados desde los argumentos de Medina. Este estudio de casos servirá para evaluar la adecuación, validez y límites de esta interpretación de la obra de Wittgenstein.
Luis Juan Guerrero en la Facultad de Paraná: renovación filosófica y pedagogíamoderna (1929-1930)
Authors: Ibarlucía Ricardo
Published: May 2019

El presente artículo reconstruye la acción del filósofo argentino Luis Juan Guerrero (1899-1957) como Delegado Interventor en la Facultad de Ciencias de la Educación de la Universidad Nacional del Litoral durante la segunda presidencia de Hipólito Yrigoyen. Analiza su proyecto académico y su política institucional, focalizando especialmente en la renovación de la Sección de Filosofía y la creación del Instituto de Pedagogía. Elenfrentamiento entre el normalismo predominante en la comunidad docente de Paraná y el ideario del Movimiento de la Reforma Universitaria de 1918, personificado por Guerrero y sus colaboradores, es estudiado dentro del contexto históricodel antiyrigoyenismodel gobierno provincial de Entre Ríos.
La coherencia del conciliacionismo
Authors: Lo Guercio Nicolás
Published: May 2019

El artículo se ocupa de la cuestión de los desacuerdos entre pares epistémicos. En primer lugar, se presenta una teoría al respecto que distingue entre desacuerdos fuertes y desacuerdos débiles. Dicha teoría es 'híbrida', en tanto prescribe una reacción conciliadora en un caso (desacuerdos débiles) y una reacción obstinada en el otro (desacuerdos fuertes). En segundo lugar, se presenta una objeción contra las posturas conciliadoras que amenaza la posición aquí defendida. De acuerdo con esta objeción, las posiciones conciliadoras prescriben en algunas circunstancias su propio rechazo. Finalmente, se ofrecen varias razones por las cuales dicha objeción puede ser impugnada, resultando así inocua contra la posición defendida en este artículo.
Dos versiones de realismo en torno a Wittgenstein
Authors: Yuan María Sol
Published: May 2019

El presente trabajo gira en torno a dos lecturas realistas del "segundo Wittgenstein", una de carácter no metafísico surgida en The Realistic Spirit (1991) de Cora Diamond y otra lectura "realista metafísica", presentada a partir de la interpretación de H. Mounce en "Wittgenstein and Classical Realism" (2005). A partir de la confrontación de ambas posiciones, el hilo de lectura crítica que conducirá nuestro trabajo será que no podemos sostener ninguna posición realista "metafísica" (para denominarlo de un modo muy general) en relación con las tesis del segundo Wittgenstein. El trasfondo práctico sobre el que se apoyan las descripciones de este autor muestra ese fundamento no metafísico sino contingente sobre el que basamos nuestros hechos, conceptos y objetividad. Esto nos acerca a una noción de realismo en el que conceptos y realidad ya cuentan con significado de antemano en tanto la praxisen la que se enraízan garantiza nuestro trato con lo que nos rodea. El fundamento no es la razón, la conciencia, la correspondencia o adecuación a una realidad "desnuda"; es la praxis, el lugar común y el equilibrio entre los seres humanos y mundo.
Compartilhamento do conhecimento na melhoria da dinâmica organizacional em um serviço de teleterapia
Authors: Dorow Patrícia Fernanda , Ramos Daniela de Juncêck Fátima , Medeiros Caroline de , Camozatto Tatiane Sabriela Cagol , Silva Charlene da , Vargas Franciele Cardoso de , Salvador Caroline , Huhn Andrea , Rodrigues Paulo Marcelo
Published: May 2019

Na área da saúde, principalmente na radioterapia, o trabalho em equipe exige eficiência e coordenação, ou seja, a gestão do conhecimento, principalmente, o compartilhamento do conhecimento torna-se ainda mais necessário para garantir a qualidade na entrega do tratamento. Segundo a literatura, as equipes de trabalho coesivas em radioterapia possuem cinco características fundamentais: metas claras com resultados mensuráveis, sistemas clínicos e administrativos apropriados, divisão do trabalho, treinamento de todos os membros da equipe e comunicação efetiva. A presente pesquisa teve como objetivo geral analisar o compartilhamento do conhecimento na melhoria da dinâmica organizacional em um serviço de teleterapia. Para tanto, realizou-se uma pesquisa qualitativa por meio de entrevistas semiestruturadas com os profissionais envolvidos no funcionamento de um serviço de radioterapia da grande Florianópolis. Participaram do estudo seis profissionais. Para análise dos dados foi utilizada a técnica de análise de conteúdo. Os resultados indicam que, em relação ao compartilhamento do conhecimento no local pesquisado, alguns fatores identificados como a comunicação efetiva, melhoram a dinâmica organizacional envolvida no cuidado com o paciente oncológico, sendo esse um dos fatores que contribuem para que a entrega da dose real seja a mais próxima possível da entrega da dose prescrita para o tratamento. As principais práticas de compartilhamento do conhecimento identificadas foram: revisão por pares, mentoring e storytelling. Conclui-se que os fatores organizacionais responsáveis por melhorarem o compartilhamento do conhecimento como o uso das estratégias evidenciadas neste estudo ajudam na garantia da reprodutibilidade diária do tratamento, consequentemente, na melhora da qualidade de vida do paciente oncológico.
Estudo da variação da viscosidade do vidro LKB a partir da adição de Al2O3
Authors: Nascimento Thaís Muniz Teixeiras , Filho João Alder Lopes da Silva , Khoury Helen Jamil , Oliveira Raquel Aline Pessoa
Published: May 2019

Ainda que o vidro seja um dos materiais mais antigos preparados pelo homem, ele apareceu apenas no século XX como um material que possui propriedades excelentes em áreas distintas.  É um sólido amorfo com ausência de ordem a longo alcance e periodicidade, que possui transição vítrea. Pode ser obtido por várias formas, porém em grande parte é obtido pelo processo de fusão seguido do resfriamento rápido do fundido. Neste processo, a viscosidade determina as condições de fusão dos óxidos formadores do vidro, taxa de desvitrificação, etc. Este trabalho tem como objetivo avaliar a variação na viscosidade do vidro LKB (Li2CO3 – K2CO3 – H3BO3) quando adicionado óxido de alumínio (Al2O3) em diferentes proporções.  A análise será efetuada utilizando o software SciGlass 7.0. Para tanto, quatro composições de vidros boratos foram desenvolvidas e estudadas. O cálculo da viscosidade em função da temperatura foi obtido para cada tipo de vidro a partir da composição dos óxidos em % mol. Resultados preliminares mostraram que a adição do óxido de alumínio aumenta a viscosidade na matriz LKB. Além disso, foi possível preparar amostras vítreas com alta transparência e homogeneidade em todos os casos a partir da correlação entre a viscosidade e a temperatura.
Proposta metodológica para identificação de riscos associados ao relevo e antropização em áreas marginais aos recursos hídricos
Authors: Simonetti Vanessa Cezar , Silva Darllan Collins da Cunha e , Rosa André Henrique
Published: May 2019

A supressão das matas ciliares prejudica a integridade dos recursos hídricos, refletindo na qualidade da água, podendo comprometer a biota e a qualidade de vida da população, tornando indispensável estudos que avaliem os potenciais riscos ambientais. Assim, este estudo objetivou a identificação dos riscos associados às áreas de preservação permanente marginais aos cursos de água da APA Itupararanga com o auxílio de geoprocessamento. Os métodos basearam-se na sobreposição de diferentes planos de informação cartográficas em ambiente de Sistema de Informação Geográfica e Sensoriamento Remoto. Os resultados revelaram que 36,07% das áreas de preservação permanente da APA possuem classes de fragilidade ambiental associados ao relevo classificadas em média, forte e muito forte. As classes de riscos incluem além do relevo, o uso do solo no entorno das áreas de APP e revelaram que 77,37% da APA possui cobertura vegetal. Os riscos classificados como muito baixo e baixo totalizaram 19,79%, e os riscos médio, alto e muito alto apresentaram, respectivamente, 2,39%, 0,42% e 0,03%. As classes de riscos apresentadas no estudo indicaram que as áreas de APP sugerem reflexos da elevada antropização da área, sendo necessárias constantes fiscalizações e ações que visem minimizar as atividades que causam a degradação das matas ciliares.
Limits of canonical forms on towers of Riemann surfaces
Authors: Baik Hyungryul , Shokrieh Farbod , Wu Chenxi
Published: May 2019

We prove a generalized version of Kazhdan’s theorem for canonical forms on Riemann surfaces.
In the classical version, one starts with an ascending sequence

{

S
n

→
S

}

{\{S_{n}\rightarrow S\}}

of finite Galois covers of a hyperbolic Riemann surface S, converging to the universal cover. The theorem states that the sequence of forms on S inherited from the canonical forms on

S
n

{S_{n}}

’s converges uniformly to (a multiple of) the hyperbolic form.
We prove a generalized version of this theorem, where the universal cover is replaced with any infinite Galois cover. Along the way, we also prove a Gauss–Bonnet-type theorem in the context of arbitrary infinite Galois covers.
Expanding phenomena over matrix rings
Authors: Karabulut Y. Demi̇roğlu , Koh Doowon , Pham Thang , Shen Chun-Yen , Le Anh Vinh
Published: May 2019

In this paper, we study expanding phenomena in the setting of matrix rings.
More precisely, we will prove that

•

if A is a set of

M
2

⁢

(

𝔽
q

)

{M_{2}(\mathbb{F}_{q})}

and

|
A
|

≫

q

7
/
2

{\lvert A\rvert\gg q^{7/2}}

, then

|

A
⁢

(

A
+
A

)

|

,

|

A
+

A
⁢
A

|

≫

q
4

{\lvert A(A+A)\rvert,\lvert A+AA\rvert\gg q^{4}}

,

•

if A is a set of

SL
2

⁢

(

𝔽
q

)

{\mathrm{SL}_{2}(\mathbb{F}_{q})}

and

|
A
|

≫

q

5
/
2

{\lvert A\rvert\gg q^{5/2}}

, then

|

A
⁢

(

A
+
A

)

|

,

|

A
+

A
⁢
A

|

≫

q
4

{\lvert A(A+A)\rvert,\lvert A+AA\rvert\gg q^{4}}

.

We also obtain similar results for the cases of

A
⁢

(

B
+
C

)

{A(B+C)}

and

A
+

B
⁢
C

{A+BC}

, where

A
,
B
,
C

{A,B,C}

are sets in

M
2

⁢

(

𝔽
q

)

{M_{2}(\mathbb{F}_{q})}

.
Dose exposure of Bisphenol- A on female Wistar rats fertility
Authors: Srivastava Seema , Dhagga Nupoor
Published: May 2019

Background

2, 2-Bis (4-hydroxyphenyl propane [bisphenol A (BPA)] is one of the major environmental pollutants and has the adverse effects on human health. BPA mimics the structure of estrogen and binds to estrogen receptors and alters the secretion of the hormone. It is ingested in humans through the regular use of plastic containers, bottles and food cans.

Materials and methods

Female Wistar rats were exposed orally to 5, 50, 300, 600 and 800 mg BPA/kg body weight (bd. wt.)/week mixed in olive oil and administered every 168 h for 3 months continuing through the mating, gestation and lactation and its effects on fertility, reproductive organ weight and hormones [LH (luteinizing hormone), FSH (follicle stimulating hormone), estradiol (E2), progesterone (PROG) and PRL (prolactin)] were evaluated.

Results

The findings revealed that females exposed to BPA exhibited a decrease in female fertility rate and weight of reproductive organs (ovary and uterus) with significant decreased levels of LH, FSH, E2, PROG and PRL in the non-pregnancy phase whereas in cesarean and post-term females, no significance difference was found in fertility rate, reproductive organ weight and hormonal levels.

Conclusions

These data indicate an increased sensitivity to BPA needs careful evaluation of the current levels of exposure.
Multiplane Calcium Imaging Reveals Disrupted Development of Network Topology in Zebrafishpcdh19Mutants
Authors: Light Sarah E.W. , Jontes James D.
Published: May 2019

Functional brain networks self-assemble during development, although the molecular basis of network assembly is poorly understood. Protocadherin-19 (pcdh19) is a homophilic cell adhesion molecule that is linked to neurodevelopmental disorders, and influences multiple cellular and developmental events in zebrafish. Although loss ofPCDH19in humans and model organisms leads to functional deficits, the underlying network defects remain unknown. Here, we employ multiplane, resonant-scanningin vivotwo-photon calcium imaging of developing zebrafish, and use graph theory to characterize the development of resting state functional networks in both wild-type andpcdh19mutant larvae. We find that the brain networks ofpcdh19mutants display enhanced clustering and an altered developmental trajectory of network assembly. Our results show that functional imaging and network analysis in zebrafish larvae is an effective approach for characterizing the developmental impact of lesions in genes of clinical interest.
DONATO, Antonio: Boethius' Consolation of Philosophy as a product of Late Antquity, Bloomsbury, London/New York, 2015, 221p.
Authors: Duran Laura Carolina
Published: May 2019

Recensión del texto
INTEGRATED EDUCATION IN POLAND – BETWEEN THE EXPLICIT “LEGAL”/LEGITIMATE AND “APPARENT” DIMENSION
Authors: KOŁODZIEJCZAK KAROLINA , SMOTER KATARZYNA
Published: May 2019

An integrated school, like any educational institution, creates a specific field which is a combination of experiences of the people entering its area, the relations between them, attitudes and behaviours that affect both its “open” and “hidden” dimension. In this article the two dimensions are mentioned as: “integrated schools in Poland – formal assumption” and “integrated education in the hidden dimension of the school culture”. These different reviews of the problem generate different consequences for understanding these two dimensions. Effective integration of people with disabilities into society should be based on ensuring continuity of activities improving from the moment of disability, to becoming independent, and also to organize a system of broad support for the development of a child with disabilities. It is also important to reflect on the discrepancies that arise between how integration makes itself present in formal records and how to make the postulates look more realistic. Its highest level of social integration is accompanied to a great extent by “being with each other” and not “being beside”, the possibility of not only protecting and supporting the weaker, but also mutual exchange between disabled and non-disabled people.
PEDAGOGICAL PSYCHOLOGY IN THE RESEARCH ACTIVITIES OF STEFAN BALEY
Authors: PODOLIAK MYKHAILO
Published: May 2019

The article is dedicated to the revealing of the problem of pedagogical psychology in research activities and works of Ukrainian and Polish researcher, pedagogue, psychologist, philosopher Stefan Baley (1885-1952). The relevance of the theme is conditioned by the active reforming processes of Ukrainian educational system, in which ideas of the scholar can be widely used as well as his thoughts, ideas and research of child psyche. The article gives biographical data of the scholar and emphasizes his field of work as well as main works. The principles, subject and aims of pedagogical psychology according to Stefan Baley are presented in the article. The article analyses the notion of education and educational relations according to the researcher as well as the process of education and its types, namely: analytic and empiric education, systematic and global education. The problem of a child education in a group is presented in the article i.e. school class. The author emphasized the actuality and expediency of practical usage of ideas and research activities of Stefan Baley at the current stage of Ukrainian school system reforming, according to the results of comparison between the problematics of Stefan Baleys' research activities in the sphere of pedagogical psychology and K. Seifert and R. Sutton.
INNOVATIVE COMPETENCE OF A TEACHER: BEST EUROPEAN PRACTICES
Authors: BUDNYK OLENA
Published: May 2019

The essence of the innovative competence of the teacher in the way of integration into the world space of education. The main tendencies of teacher's training for professional innovation activity are described. Best European practices according to the using of innovative studying technologies in the work with students are examined. The author proves the need for partner collaboration, group forms of activities to solve problematic learning problems at school through Problem Based Learning. Especially, the issues of development of creative initiative of children in collective work are highlighted. The content and typical difficulties in the practical using of Blended Learning are described. It is noted that Blended Learning combines traditional and distant models of studying, it can take place not only in the lecture room but outside, in synchronous or asynchronous regimes, and it predicts an extensive using of ICT in work with students. The technology of Inquiry Based Learning in teaching STEAM school subjects is presented, especially in the process of working with remote educational laboratories and Inquiry Learning Space (ILS). Some innovative tools for their practical using according to the work with students are implemented. The importance of using Project Based Learning for integration of educational subjects in the New Ukrainian School is also characterized, which gives an opportunity to form a coherent picture of the world in them.
Clinical Diagnosis
Authors: Lam Norris , Hrybchak Patricia
Published: May 2019

Clinical Diagnosis: Macular pseudohole or macular lamellar hole
Keratoconus: Clinical Associations and Treatment Options
Authors: Simard Patrick , Giasson Claude
Published: May 2019

The focus of the present review of literature is keratoconus, a progressive thinning of the cornea. Because keratoconus usually induces irregular astigmatism, the most affected patients experience a decreased visual acuity that limits the correction using ophthalmic lenses. The CLEK (Collaborative Longitudinal Evaluation of Keratoconus) is a study carried out in several centers with the aim of describing the evolution and associations between the visual and physiological manifestations of keratoconus. Since the treatment of keratoconus varies according to its severity, this paper proposes a summary of the results of the CLEK and a review of the therapeutic options.
Eye and Face Protection: Revising the Standard | Protection de l'œil et du visage : Révisions des normes
Authors: Dean Doug
Published: May 2019

Eye and Face Protection: Revising the Standard | Protection de l'œil et du visage : Révisions des normes
Refining decisions on which primary care patients to screen for glaucoma
Authors: Wick Bruce , Gall Ronald
Published: May 2019

Introduction: Glaucoma, which is often accompanied by elevated intraocular pressure (IOP), causes progressive optic nerve atrophy and blindness. Among ocular structure parameters abnormalities in central corneal thickness (CCT), cup-to-disc (C/D) ratio, inter-eye C/D ratio asymmetry, optic disc area, and neuro-retinal rim area (N-RRA) appear to be highly correlated with glaucoma. We compare these specific ocular structures in a group of young normal pre-presbyopic patients and in a group of patients being treated for glaucoma.

Methods: After written informed consent, 1433 consecutive normal, and 56 consecutive patients being treated for glaucoma were assessed by including age, race, sex, IOP (NCT), C/D ratio, optic disc area, N-RRA (Optos), central center thickness (CCT), and anterior chamber depth.

Results: Combinations of findings in CCT, C/D ratio, C/D ratio asymmetry, disc area, and N-RRA (assessed by Z-score) were present in 65.52% of patients being treated for glaucoma and 22.96% of young normal patients. For young normal patients, overall average CCT was 550.37+/-39.47µm. Overall average C/D ratio was 0.39+/-0.11. Inter-eye C/D asymmetry was 0.02+/-0.06. Overall average disc area was 2.46+/-0.49mm2 (7863.54+/1630.42 pixels). Overall average N-RRA was 1.44+/-0.35mm2 (4785.88+/1161.14 pixels). C/D ratio increased modestly with disc area increase, an increase not associated with thinning N-RRA. Thin N-RRA was associated with small optic discs that had large C/D (t=-8.21, p=0.000, DF=93). There was a significant difference between young normal patients and patients being treated for glaucoma in CCT, C/D ratio, C/D ratio asymmetry, disc area, and N-RRA.

Conclusion: More than one in five (22.96%) young normal patients has ocular structure findings similar to those found in patients being treated for glaucoma. These results will help refine decisions on which primary eye care patient to screen for glaucoma.
Cross-Talk for Health Care Providers: Part Two/Nutrition and Behavior as it Applies to Systemic and Ocular Disease
Authors: Alexander Larry
Published: May 2019

Cross-Talk for Health Care Providers: Part Two/Nutrition and Behavior as it Applies to Systemic and Ocular Disease
Plasticity and Sensory Substitution
Authors: Giasson Claude J , Casanova Christian
Published: May 2019

Plasticity and Sensory Substitution
Soins gérés/assurance de responsabilité civile – Une analyse objective
Authors: North Kirsten
Published: May 2019

Soins gérés/assurance de responsabilité civile – Une analyse objective
A comparative study of the efficiency of chart versus computer-generated contrast sensitivity testing in glaucoma patients and controls
Authors: Chetrit Sally , Gaudet Melissa , Wittich Walter , Bailey Ian L , Overbury Olga
Published: May 2019

Purpose. The goal of this study was to assess the efficiency of chart vs. computergenerated contrast sensitivity tests in glaucoma patients and controls. Methods. A total of 64 individuals (30 young controls, 18 older controls, 16 glaucoma patients) were tested for contrast sensitivity using 4 different tests. Two tests determined contrast sensitivity (CS) for detecting large targets with sharp borders. One of these was the MARS printed chart, and the other a computerized number search test by Bailey. The second assessment determined spatial contrast sensitivity (SCS) for sinusoidal grating targets at several spatial frequencies. One of these was the printed Vistech chart, the other a computerized test by Faubert. Results. Both CS tests showed a decrease in the glaucoma group versus both the control groups (p < 0.001). The tests for SCS demonstrated a decrease in sensitivity both with age (p < 0.001) and in the presence of glaucoma (p < 0.001) across all spatial frequencies. Conclusion. The data indicated that SCS was superior in separating the three study groups. Neither of the computer-generated tests was more sensitive than its printed counterpart.
Gestion des patients à risque de dégénérescence maculaire liée à l'âge : une stratégie canadienne
Authors: Somani Sohel , Hoskin-Mott Ann , Mishra Adit , Bois Alain , Book Brian H , Chute Mark , Gaucher Ronald , Winter Barry
Published: May 2019

Contexte : Élaborer une stratégie consensuelle pour la gestion des patients à risque de dégénérescence maculaire liée à l’âge (DMLA) à l’intention des ophtalmologistes, optométristes et médecins du Canada.

Méthodes : L’élaboration d’une stratégie consensuelle a débuté avec la recension des textes et un examen des lignes directrices existantes. Un groupe de spécialistes de la rétine, d’ophtalmologistes et d’optométristes provenant d’un bout à l’autre du Canada a évalué cette information probante pour distiller ce qui a été appris et utiliser ces connaissances comme point de départ pour l’élaboration d’une stratégie consensuelle pour la gestion des patients à risque de DMLA.

Résultats : Le groupe d’experts a élaboré une série de recommandations à l’intention des fournisseurs de soins oculovisuels (p. ex., ophtalmologistes, optométristes) et médecins du Canada pour l’adoption d’une stratégie préventive dans le cas des patients à risque de DMLA.

Interprétation : La présente stratégie consensuelle est une ligne directrice pratique qui peut être adoptée dans un bureau pour gérer les patients à risque de DMLA et pour informer les patients qui ont des questions ou des préoccupations relatives à la DMLA.
Our Aboriginal relations When family doctors and Aboriginal patients meet
Authors: Elliott Catherine T , De Leeuw Sarah N
Published: May 2019

Our Aboriginal relations When family doctors and Aboriginal patients meet
Women ODs in Quebec: An integral part of Montreal’s history and of its centennial celebration
Authors: Bitton Etty
Published: May 2019

Women ODs in Quebec: An integral part of Montreal’s history and of its centennial celebration
Révision des lignes directrices de l’Association canadienne des optométristes sur la fréquence des examens de la vue – sommaire Approche factuelle
Authors: Robinson Barbara E , Stolee Paul , Mairs Katie , Santi Selena , Glenny Christine
Published: May 2019

Révision des lignes directrices de l’Association canadienne des optométristes sur la fréquence des examens de la vue – sommaire Approche factuelle
Le tabagisme et la cécité : ce que les optométristes veulent faire voir à leurs patients
Authors: Spafford Marlee M , Kennedy Ryan D. , Iley Matthew D , Schultz Annette S.H.
Published: May 2019

La plupart des fumeurs ne savent pas que le tabagisme constitue une cause évitable de cécité. Même si les optométristes peuvent jouer un rôle important dans les choix santé des patients, ils ont été en grande partie muets dans l’élaboration des guides de pratique sur l’abandon du tabac et les stratégies de promotion de la santé. Au cours de cette étude, nous utilisons l’enquête réalisée dans quatre pays dans le cadre du Projet d’évaluation à l’échelon international des politiques antitabac (ITC) pour décrire dans quelle mesure les fumeurs du Canada connaissent le lien entre le tabagisme et la cécité. Nous utilisons des groupes de discussion pour dégager, chez des optométristes et des étudiants finissants en optométrie du Canada, des idées au sujet de mises en garde illustrées reliées à la cécité.
Canadian research contributions to low vision rehabilitation: A quantitative systematic review
Authors: Wittich Walter , Sikora Lindsey , Watanabe Donald H , Martinez Maria
Published: May 2019

Purpose: Low vision rehabilitation research is a quickly growing area, due in part to the increase in the demand for services geared at older adults with age-related vision loss. Various professions collaborate to provide such rehabilitation services; however, it is currently unclear which profession takes the leading role in advancing the frontiers of low vision rehabilitation research. A recent review article proposed that in Canada, this role is held by physicians. The present study was conducted to replicate these findings under conditions of a systematic review.

Method: A search of seven databases and a hand-search of four vision rehabilitation journals identified articles on low vision rehabilitation whose first author had an affiliation at a Canadian institution. Data on professional credentials, funding source, and study content was tabulated.

Results: Of the 1,870 references, data from 215 eligible articles were extracted. The top four author credentials were optometrists (with or without PhD; 56 papers, 26.0%), followed by researchers with PhDs only (48 papers, 22.3%), researchers with master’s degrees (43 papers, 20.0%), and medical doctors (with or without PhD; 39 papers, 18.1%). Vision rehabilitation journals published 38 per cent of all papers, followed by ophthalmology (27%) and optometry journals (22%). Publications in the past 11 years amounted to over 50 per cent of the output over the 64-year publication history in this field in Canada, 70 per cent of which were based in universities.

Conclusion: The results reflect the mosaic structure of low vision rehabilitation research in Canada, highlighting collaborations among researchers, clinicians, funding sources and rehabilitation agencies. Given its multidisciplinary nature, low vision rehabilitation research seems to be driven by collaboration among the professions.
An atypical case of HLA-B27-associated uveitis with hypopyon and posterior segment involvement
Authors: Xie Thomas , Bitton Etty
Published: May 2019

The presence of a hypopyon and posterior segment involvement are uncommon clinical findings in HLA-B27-associated uveitis. Furthermore, first-time attacks rarely occur in the elderly. This report highlights an atypical uveitis case involving an older patient, an evident hypopyon and severe intermediate uveitis in one eye.

The 60-year-old Caucasian male was admitted for a painful, red eye with a sudden decreased vision to hand motion, in the affected eye. Ocular and systemic history were unremarkable. An anterior chamber examination of the eye revealed extensive cells and flare with a conspicuous hypopyon. An evaluation of the posterior segment revealed significant vitreous haze, obstructing all view to the retina. Despite the age and the atypical ocular findings of the patient, a diagnosis of HLA-B27-associated uveitis was made following an extensive clinical and laboratory evaluation. The inflammatory condition was successfully managed with a combination of intravenous, topical and oral corticosteroids tapered over the course of a few weeks, and visual acuity recovered to 20/30.

This case is an important reminder that atypical signs, such as a hypopyon or intermediate uveitis, can occur and may be a significant sign of HLA-B27-associated uveitis. Clinicians should be aware of the diverse manifestations of HLA-B27-associated uveitis and be careful to include a comprehensive assessment of both the anterior and posterior segments of any presenting painful, red eye.
Optocase Mini AND Free Optocase for CAO Members
Authors: Sharma Sanjay
Published: May 2019

Optocase Mini
Life After AREDS 2: What Should We Recommend to Patients With or at Risk of AMD?
Authors: Michaud Langis , Brûlé Julie , Dufour Jean-Sebastien , Forcier Pierre , Fortin Guillaume , Messier Kevin , Rhéaume Marc-André , Rhéaume Yvon , Simard Patrick , Clark Christina
Published: May 2019

Purpose: To establish a consensus on clinical recommendation of oral supplementation for patients with or at risk of developing age-related macular degeneration (AmD), from the perspective of the Age-Related eye Disease Study 2 (AReDS 2) and other studies.

Methods: Panel discussion based on a literature review of pertinent articles related to the prevention of AmD with oral supplementation.

Results: on the basis of the findings, patients must first be encouraged to modify their diet and to eliminate modifiable risk factors before being recommended any type of oral supplementation. Then, recommendations must be customized on the basis of a patient’s individual risk profile (i.e., age, gender, heredity, etc.) and severity of disease (i.e., category 1 to 4). essential fatty acids (omega-3s) and vitamins may play a role, in a given clinical population, to prevent the occurrence or the progression of AmD disease. However, there is no single formula that can be applied to all patients with or at risk of AmD.

Conclusions: This group concluded that the full body of literature must be taken into consideration in order to justify clinical recommendations for patients. A single study such as AReDS 2 cannot, by itself, guide clinical practice. In all cases, recommendations must be individualized and patients should be monitored regularly.
Aberrations du front d’onde chez des porteurs de LC souples asphériques et des porteurs de LC sphériques
Authors: Fraser Alexandra , Fontaine Nicolas , Lambert Valérie
Published: May 2019

Objectif : Mesurer le niveau des aberrations d’ordres supérieurs (AOS) lors du port d’une lentille cornéenne (LC) souple asphérique, par rapport à une LC sphérique, chez des sujets myopes.

Méthode : Des mesures de sécheresse oculaire et d’aberrométrie ont été effectuées sur un échantillon de 15 sujets myopes âgés de 20 à 30 ans. L’aberrométrie était mesurée dans trois conditions : 1. avec une LC sphérique, 2. asphérique ou 3. sans LC. Pour chacune de ces trois conditions, la racine des moindres carrés (RMC) des AOS, l’aberration sphérique (AS) et la coma ont été mesurées à cinq reprises dans un intervalle de 15 secondes durant lequel le sujet devait s’abstenir de cligner des yeux.

Résultats : Les AOS augmentent lors du port d’une lentille sphérique. Avec les LC asphériques, l’augmentation des AOS tend à être plus faible. La LC sphérique provoque une augmentation significative de l’AS et de la coma horizontale par rapport à la condition sans LC. Pour la LC asphérique, on note une tendance vers une progression moins importante de ces aberrations, quoique les différences entre ces deux types de lentilles ne soient pas statistiquement significatives. Quant aux variations inter-clignement, il y a une augmentation semblable des AOS et des modes individuels dans le temps pour les trois situations.

Conclusion : Il y a une tendance vers moins d’AS, de coma horizontale et d’AOS en général lors du port d’une LC asphérique par rapport au port d’une lentille sphérique. Par ailleurs, toutes les aberrations mesurées augmentent lors d’un intervalle prolongé entre les clignements, peu importe la condition testée.
Le rôle de l’optométriste dans une approche multidisciplinaire de réadaptation pour la clientèle aînée atteinte d’hémianopsie homonyme : un cas clinique
Authors: Moore Vincent , Dufour R , Mailhot A , Carignan M
Published: May 2019

L’hémianopsie homonyme se définit comme une perte congruente d’une moitié du champ visuel affectant les deux yeux. Elle est attribuable à une lésion cérébrale post-chiasmatique. Cette analyse de cas unique montre que l’utilisation de différentes aides optiques (lentilles de Peli, lunettes de lecture et loupes) et l’entraînement au balayage visuel permettent d’améliorer grandement l’autonomie et la qualité de vie d’un usager ayant une hémianopsie. Par souci d’efficience, la réadaptation fonctionnelle des défauts de champs visuels chez les aînés aurait avantage à se faire au sein d’une équipe multidisciplinaire qui inclut un optométriste.
Case study: Use of contact lenses to manage complications following combined corneal cross-linking and topography-guided photorefractive keratectomy for pellucid marginal degeneration
Authors: Yeung D , Sorbara Luigina
Published: May 2019

This case report describes two significant long-term complications experienced by a patient following treatment for pellucid marginal degeneration (PMD). Two years after undergoing a combination of topography-guided photorefractive keratectomy (T-PRK) and corneal collagen cross-linking (CXL) procedures, the patient continued to experience glare and dryness associated with persistent stromal haze and dry eye. These procedures resulted in dissatisfaction with the final outcome, which led the patient to seek contact lens correction. Management of the symptomatic ocular sequelae with specialty soft toric contact lenses designed for irregular corneas supported her visual rehabilitation.
Impending Central Retinal Vein Occlusion
Authors: Steenbakkers Michelle
Published: May 2019

Central retinal vein occlusion (CRVO) may present with varied clinical manifestations, ranging from mild blurred vision and scattered retinal hemorrhages to severe vision loss, optic nerve swelling, pronounced retinal hemorrhages, collateral retinal vessel formation and neovascularization. Impending CRVO, also known as partial CRVO, is a relatively poorly-defined sub-classification of the CRVO condition. Those affected are either asymptomatic or may complain of mild, often transient episodes of blurring of vision and present with venous dilation and tortuosity but only a few widely scattered flame-shaped retinal hemorrhages. As an impending CRVO may be the prodromal phase of an acute CRVO, this diagnosis requires careful monitoring of the patient for progression. The following case outlines the differential diagnosis, sequelae and inter-professional management of an impending central retinal venous occlusion.
Éditorial
Authors: Chou B. Ralph
Published: May 2019

Après avoir participé cette année au Congrès de l’Association canadienne des optométristes (ACO) ainsi qu’au Congrès annuel de l’American Academy of Optometry, tout comme je l’ai fait il y a 38 ans quand j’ai com-mencé à exercer à titre de professionnel, je suis en mesure de voir l’évolution et le changement des champs d’intérêts de notre profession au fil du temps [...]
Evaluating Various Building Types for Optometry Tenants
Authors: Willerton Dave , Grandfield Jeff
Published: May 2019

Whether you are opening your first optometry clinic or considering moving your operations to another lo-cation, one of the first things to remember is that not all buildings and/or properties are created equally. Although the fundamentals of negotiating commercial leases are the same regardless of where you have your business [...]
Editorial
Authors: Chou B. Ralph
Published: May 2019

The summer of 2017 has been eventful for several reasons. It began with the CAO Congress in Ottawa during the last week of June. The many high-quality educational sessions were punctuated with social events where I talked with many former students. I also enjoyed seeing many members of the UW Optometry class of 1979 [...]
Innovations in Eye Care: Sport Vision
Authors: Erickson Graham
Published: May 2019

Optometry has a long tradition of providing vision care services to optimize daily function. While this has often focused on academic and occupational performance, sports performance is another important area where vision plays a critical role. Athletes, trainers and coaches have recognized that excellent vision is an important aspect of performance [...]
Every Member of Your Team is a Salesperson
Authors: Blachford Pauline
Published: May 2019

In my two decades working on the business side of this industry, I’ve seen how it can be a challenge for small, independent optometry practices to employ a full-time optician to oversee eyewear sales. Even at larger practices where there may be several opticians, it can be a struggle to significantly increase sales without a proper[...]
Résultats d’une analyse du milieu visant à déterminer le niveau d’erreur de réfraction non corrigée chez les enfants des écoles primaires des Premières nations de l’Ontario
Authors: Chris A. Paul , Young Nancy L. , Belanger Kayla , Greasley Lyndsay
Published: May 2019

Un sondage a été élaboré et utilisé pour déterminer le niveau et la qualité des services de soins de la vue offerts aux enfants des écoles primaires des Premières nations de l’Ontario et déterminer indirectement le niveau d’erreurs de réfraction non corrigées chez les enfants des Premières nations. Dans l’ensemble, les résultats du sondage ont révélé que 1 enfant sur 4 portait des lunettes. Les résultats du sondage indiquent que les collectivités éloignées qui reçoivent la visite d’un optométriste sont plus susceptibles d’avoir moins de cas d’erreurs de réfraction non corrigées que les collectivités non éloignées. Les résultats portent à croire que les examens oculaires complets effectués par des optométristes en visite dans la collectivité seraient le moyen le plus efficace d’améliorer la vision et l’état de sante oculaire des enfants des Premières nations.
Optocase Mini
Authors: Sharma Sanjay
Published: May 2019

Optocase Mini
Neuropathie optique associée à l’amiodarone
Authors: Weidmayer Sara
Published: May 2019

Un homme de 72 ans s’est présenté avec des symptômes de perte de champ visuel inférieur unilatéral, mais on a découvert qu’il souffrait d’une neuropathie optique bilatérale. Les caractéristiques cliniques, la survenue progressive accompagnée de très légers symptômes et la relation temporelle avec la prise d’amiodarone nous ont amenés à poser le diagnostic de neuropathie associée à l’amiodarone. Les analyses complémentaires en série ont donné un aperçu de l’évolution naturelle de cette entité. Ce patient a développé la couche de fibres nerveuses rétiniennes la plus importante dans le quadrant inférieur. Ceci peut être corrélé avec des axones de diamètre anatomiquement plus important, soutenant une publication antérieure qui suggérait que les axones des nerfs optiques de plus grand diamètre sont plus sensibles à la lipidose induite par l’amiodarone. Bien que rare, la neuropathie optique associée à l’amiodarone peut se développer et causer une perte permanente de la fonction visuelle.
Enquête sur la douleur et les blessures musculosquelettiques chez les optométristes canadiens
Authors: Uhlman Kathryn , Diaconita Vlad , Mao Alexander , Mather Rookaya
Published: May 2019

Objectif : Accroître notre compréhension des douleurs et des blessures musculosquelettiques professionnelles chez les optométristes canadiens.

Méthodes : Un sondage sur Internet à participation volontaire a été distribué à tous les membres de l’Association canadienne des optométristes. Les questions du sondage ont été adaptées à partir de la documentation pour déterminer la prévalence et l’importance des problèmes musculosquelettiques liés au travail.

Résultats : Des 121 optométristes (taux de réponse de 2,4 %) et 169 ophtalmologistes (17 %, selon une étude antérieure) qui ont participé, 61 % et 50 %, respectivement, ont déclaré avoir souffert de douleurs attribuables au travail au cours des 12 mois précédents (p = 0,06). La prévalence, l’emplacement et la gravité de la douleur étaient semblables aux constatations présentées dans les publications.

Conclusion : Bon nombre des professionnels des soins oculovisuels qui ont participé à notre étude ont été touchés par des douleurs musculosquelettiques liées au travail. Il faut mener d’autres recherches sur la prévention et le traitement des douleurs musculosquelettiques dans cette population.
Alberta’s Digital Oilfield: Technological Opportunities and Benefits for Alberta Companies and Communities
Authors: Rausch Stephen
Published: May 2019

The global oil and gas sector has recently undergone a significant shift in supply economics, which has rippled throughout the supply chain. This has been felt as strongly in Alberta, Canada as it has in any other oil producing region. The intense need for operational changes to production, coupled with the proliferation of digital technologies into industrial processes (Industry 4.0), has led to new opportunities to dramatically reduce costs and inefficiencies through the supply chain. These opportunities can be summarized as Digital Oilfield Technologies, which are a combination of tools and disciplines that are incorporated into advanced software to improve operations efficiencies. This paper explores the different types of Digital Oilfield Technologies, its benefits to industry, and uncovers how communities in oil and gas producing regions can support the growth of this new subsector to improve the health of local industry and economy. 

Keywords: oilfield technology, oil and gas, oilfield optimization, digital analytics, digitalization, industry 4.0
Facilitating workforce development: The economic developer’s role in supporting economic stability in medium and small resource-based British Columbian cities
Authors: Doll Christina
Published: May 2019

The availability of a talented workforce is increasingly being cited as a barrier to growth by businesses across Canada. This worker shortage is particularly challenging for organizations looking to expand in medium and small resource-based cities. This is due to an increase in outmigration to large cities by people seeking knowledge economy based employment and negative perceptions of resource-based cities. These factors hinder employer’s ability to attract people to their smaller resource-reliant communities from other cities. Economic developers in these smaller cities can adjust to these changing realities by highlighting their community’s strengths in relation to larger cities to attract and retain the skilled talent needed to support the growth of their existing businesses and to attract new business. Economic developers in the Kootenays, Prince George and Quesnel have all recognized this opportunity and the work being done in these communities to increase the population base can be used as a model by other communities grappling with similar workforce attraction and retention issues. 

Keywords: economic development, workforce, population, attraction and retention, natural resources, urbanization, outmigration 
Baukultur, Culture and Recreation-led Economic Development: The value of developing Sundre, Alberta’s qualities of living and place
Authors: Allan Jonathan
Published: May 2019

What are the most important factors related to economic development? This paper explores the essential variables necessary for destination development and inward direct investment. These variables include: quality of living, quality of infrastructure, and quality of workforce. Quality of living is considered the most important of these to spur on economic development. Many business operators would rather live where they invest making quality of place an equally important variable that is intrinsically linked to quality of living. Destination development through place-building techniques, informed by the concept of baukultur,is assessed using quality of living, economic development and economic diversification as markers. Quality of living and quality of place are inherently connected when attracting business and growing employment, therefore, these two terms will be referred to as QLP throughout this paper..  Intended to help program and policy planners understand these concepts, this paper will explore cases of successful exercises of destination development that involve recreation and culture-oriented place building. The paper will then look at how to apply learned QLP concepts toward a culture- and recreation-led economic development strategy for the small foothills community of Sundre, Alberta. 

Keywords: place building, quality of place, quality of living, baukultur, QLP, development, economic development, destination development, inward direct investment, creative class
Improvement of Fractional Flow Reserve after Percutaneous Coronary Intervention Does Not Necessarily Indicate Increased Coronary Flow
Authors: Hamaya Rikuta , Kanaji Yoshihisa , Usui Eisuke , Hoshino Masahiro , Murai Tadashi , Yonetsu Taishi , Kakuta Tsunekazu
Published: May 2019

Coronary flow is expected to increase by epicardial lesion modification after successful percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in stable angina. According to the concept of fractional flow reserve (FFR), the improvement in FFR after PCI reflects the extent of coronary flow increase. However, this theory assumes that hyperaemic microvascular resistance does not change after PCI, which is being refuted in recent studies. The authors quantitated regional absolute coronary blood flow (ABF) before and after PCI using a thermodilution method and compared it with FFR in 28 patients with stable coronary artery disease who had undergone successful PCI. Although FFR indicated changes in ABF, with a mean difference of −5.5 ml/min, there was no significant relationship between individual changes in FFR and in ABF (R=0.27, p=0.16). The discrepancy was partly explained by changes in microvascular resistance following PCI. These results suggest that changes in FFR do not necessarily indicate an increase in absolute coronary blood flow following PCI in individual patients, although they could be correlated in a cohort level.