bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Validation of the Pseudo Imprinted Microspheres for Solid-Phase Extraction of Acyclovir from Swine Tissue
Authors: Qiao Feng Xia , Yan Hong Yuan
Published: December 2011

The novel pseudo imprinted microspheres were synthesized by aqueous suspension polymerization using theophylline as the template and employed as a special sorbent of solid-phase extraction for selective extraction of acyclovir from swine tissue. The pseudo imprinted microspheres revealed high affinity and selectivity to acyclovir, and the matrix interferences could be efficiently eliminated, which make the extract of solid-phase extraction clean enough for HPLC analysis. The parameters that affect the extraction efficiency of solid-phase extraction were investigated, including solvent of extraction, volume of loading sample, washing and elution solvent, etc. Good linearity was obtained in a range of 0.05~15 μg/mL with correlation coefficient (r2) of 0.9991. The recoveries at three spiked levels were ranged from 91.4% to101.0% with RSD less than of 5.0%.
Magnetorheological Elastomer：State and Application
Authors: Wang Xin , Cai Jia Yuan
Published: December 2011

Magnetorheological(MR) materials, which consist of magnetic particles in a non-magnetic medium can be divided into three kinds: MR fluid, MR foam and MR elastomer (MRE),MRE is a new branch of MR materials whose mechanical property can be changed quickly and reversibly by the application of an external magnetic field[1]. In this paper, the new research, typical modeling and various experiments will be reviewed and discussed. So far MREs have been used in tons of scientific filed owing to their significant advantages and MREs will have more promising applications.
Mechanics Modeling and Analysis of the Wooden Shell on the Electronically Controlled Forestry Walking Robot
Authors: Fu Li , Wang Hui , Ma Yan
Published: December 2011

The basic assumption which using the wooden cases technology in the electronically controlled forestry walking robot was proposed, and the lightweight new material improved the rate of the walking robot. The mechanical model of shell of the walking robot was built, and the mechanical analysis was carried out on it. The equation of the shell which encountered with the external collision was listed and the internal forces and deformation of the shell vertex were obtained under the external collision. The intensity of the shell of mobile walking mechanical which is consist of the wood fiber composite was verified, which put forward innovative solutions for the design of the electronically controlled forestry walking robot.
Preparation and Characterization of Hollow Silica Nanospheres
Authors: Feng Li Li , Zhao Wei , Tong Jing Jing , Yue Guan Hua
Published: December 2011

Monodisperse hollow silica nanospheres were prepared using functionalized polystyrene (PS) as a template and characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), nitrogen adsorption and thermo gravimetry (TG) techniques. The effect of ammonia amount on hollow silica spheres was explored. It is found that the ammonia amount is important to the fabrication of hollow silica nanospheres. The roughness and thickness of the silica shell increased with the increase of ammonia amount. When ammonia amount reached 20 ml, the product hadn’t been hollow structural. The TGA curves and the BET results of the samples supplied a proof for the formation mechanism of the hollow silica spheres.
Preparation of SiC Hollow Spheres by Template Method and its Performance of Purification and Regeneration
Authors: Fan Zi Min
Published: December 2011

SiC hollow spheres were prepared by template mothod with polyethylene ball.The phase composition, morphology, momicrostructure, porosity and resistivity of the SiC hollow spheres were characterized by X-ray diffration, scanning electron microscopy, porosity test and voltammetry. The mechanism for formation of porous hollow pheres were discussed. The purification efficiency and performance of regeneration under ohmic heating were investigated using the prepared SiC hollow spheres for adsorbing particles in exhaust gas of diesel engine. The results show that the SiC hollow spheres comprise inner hollow and outer shell with much more micropores, and the thickness of the shells with microporosity having 80-120 nm is obout 300μm，The SiC hollow spheres consists mainly α-SiC, β-SiC and with a small quantity C, SiO2 and free Si. The purification efficiency could reach to 94 % or more for adsorbing particles in exhaust gas of diesel engine exhaust gas in 90 min because of its especial pore structure. Within ohmic heating, the SiC hollow spheres could work in a constant state of purification and and can its efficiency of purification could reach to 96% or more of efficiency in 180 min because of its excellent electro-heating performance.
Research on the High-Temperature Compatibility between SiCf and Mo Substrate
Authors: Zhou Hang , Zhang Yun Peng , Pang Shu Ai
Published: December 2011

For preparing Mo-based composite materials enhanced by SiCf by powder metallurgy, the high temperature of chemical compatibility between SiCf and Mo was analyzed by experimental method in order to find whether the reinforcement can effectively composite with matrix for playing synergy effect. The mixture of SiCf and Mo powder was pressed and then sintered. Using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), the fracture surface of the sintered body was observed. Using X-ray diffraction (XRD), the generation of new phase in the sintered body was analyzed. The sinter's density and hardness was tested also. The results are as follows. After 1750°C sintered, SiCf in the presence of metal Mo had decomposed and disappeared. Decomposed products which were C and Si had reacted with Mo to produce mainly compounds Mo5Si3, MoC and a small amount of MoSi2. The disappearance of the SiCf leave more holes in the substrate. Both density and hardness of the sinter are decreased.
Study on Preparation of Chitosan Fiber Grafted with β-Cyclodextrin
Authors: Li Wei Hong , Guan Jing , Jing Miao Lei , Huang Shu Jie
Published: December 2011

The aim of the study was to investigate the grafting process of β-cyclodextrin onto chitosan fibers via epichlorohydrin as a crosslinking agent. The parameters influencing the efficiency of the grafting reaction were studied by L9 (34) orthogonal test. The amounts of β-cyclodextrin grafting onto the treated fibers were estimated in terms of levofloxacin content. The optimum process was found to be epichlorohydrin 0.64 ml, temperature25°C, post-reaction time 48h, pre-reaction time 4.5h when chitosan fibers were 0.48g. In the case, the inclusion amount of levofloxacin was 1.792mg/g, and the releasing amount was 0.845mg/g at 35°C. The modified and unmodified fibers were characterized by FTIR Spectroscopy , which indicated that β-CD grafted with chitosan fibers were prepared successfully.
The Discrete Error Analysis of GREEN’s Function Sampled in Real Space
Authors: Bo Tang , Yu Xu
Published: December 2011

During the near-field acoustic holographic reconstruction, there will be error which make the reconstruction uncertain in sampling GREEN’s function in real space. The magnitude of discrete error lies on the size of sampling interval and the change rate of GREEN’s function. The longer interval, the greater error. The faster change rate, the greater error. Because the GREEN’s function is sensitive to the reconstruction distance and the reconstruction frequency and change with direct ratio and inverse ratio, the discrete error is with direct ratio to the reconstruction frequency and with inverse ratio the reconstruction distance.
The Influence of Poly(N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone) on Magnetic Properties of Fept Nanoparticles
Authors: Du Xue Yan , Shen Ying Ying , Li Fang
Published: December 2011

This template explains and demonstrates how to prepare your camera-ready paper for Trans Tech Publications. The best is to read these instructions and follow the outline of this text. FePt nanoparticles with spherical shapes were prepared by reduction of Fe(acac)3 (acac = acetylacetonate) and H2PtCl6•6H2O in the presence of surfactant poly(N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone) (PVP). XRD, TEM and VSM results confirm that the PVP contents affect rarely the morphology and crystal structure of FePt nanoparticles, while result in a big change of their magnetic properties. The highest coercivity up to 5.2 kOe was obtained at PVP / FePt molar ratio of 7.0.
The Model Theory on Structural Mechanics of Cell Disruption Force in the Preparing Process of Superfine Wood-Flour with Cryptomeria fortunei
Authors: Yang Dong Xia , Ma Yan , Yang Chun Mei
Published: December 2011

In the process of preparing superfine wood-flour with physical method, when the size of wood-flour particle reaches to the corresponding level, a single wood cell will be destroyed. In the process of analyzing micro-nano wood-flour’s cutting power, the process of cell disruption of the wood cell needs to be computed. Based on the relevant theory of finite element and structural mechanics, this article builds a structure mode of 12 lever hexagon truss model to simulate the cellular structure. There are 6 levers outside to simulate the cell and 6 levers inside to simulate the internal pressure. This establishes a single cell stress model to analyze its stress. It can be obtained that when the size of the force acting on the node reaches the unit force, the minimum tensile stress of the bar element is bigger than the macroscopic tensile strength of the wood. According to the structural characteristics of the cell wall, this paper compares the tensile stress along the grain of the bar element with the tradition cutting stress. Using tensile strength as the criteria to test the rupture failure of Cryptomeria fortunei cell, the wood cell’s disruption force can be concluded. When preparing superfine wood-flour with Cryptomeria fortunei as experimental raw materials, the calculated results of applying the traditional cutting theory to calculate the cutting force has proved the analysis structure of Cryptomeria cell micromechanics with the method of finite element and structural mechanics, so that it can be concluded that certain cutting force can make Cryptomeria fortunei cells disruption.
Uncertainty Management of Flatness According to PUMA
Authors: Li Cun Xia , Ji Rui Hai
Published: December 2011

Next generation of Geometrical Product Specifications (GPS) is the foundation of the technology standards and metrology specifications of mechanical and electric products. GPS estimation of uncertainty can make the results of verification of products reliable and can be compared globally. Flatness is an important geometrical feature of a product and has great influence to the product performance and assembly quality. The uncertainty in flatness three-dimensional measurements must be estimated according to GPS standards to assure the related functions of a product. According to t ISO/TS 14253-2, a calculation method of the uncertainty in flatness three-dimensional measurement by certain fitting method is proposed. The method was evaluated and improved according to Procedure for Uncertainty Management, which is given by next generation of GPS. The measurement process which can meet the target uncertainty was obtained at last.
A Computational Study on Residual Strength of Sandwich Composite Panel
Authors: Lee Sang Kyo , Ansari Mohd. Zahid , Wang Na , Cho Chong Du
Published: December 2011

The present study investigates numerically the compressive residual strength of indented sandwich composite panel. The composite is made of carbon fiber reinforced plastic (CFRP) face sheets and aluminum honeycomb core. The sandwich is loaded under quasi-static condition and along out-of-plane direction. A commercial finite element analysis software ABAQUS is used. The results show that the indented composite retains significant amount of strength after indentation. And, the post-indentation strength of the composite is about 65% its pre-indentation strength under compression.
A Pilot Study on Footwear Biomechanical Effect to Diabetic Patients
Authors: Rong Ming , Gu Yao Dong , Ruan Guo Qing
Published: December 2011

This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of diabetic therapeutic footwear design in preventing the foot ulcer. A total of 36 type 2 diabetic patients were investigated. The foot plantar pressure was measured with Novel-Pedar insole pressure measure system. The subjects were measured under common leather shoes and common running shoes. Different regions of plantar surface were analyzed. Comparing with two different conditions, Generally, except other toes region, the peak pressure values in running shoes were lower than the leather shoes. Both midfoot and medial forefoot region were significantly different between two intervene. Running shoes might be useful for preventing the diabetic foot ulcer. Because they could reduce the peak pressure effectively than the leather shoes, and make the distribution of the pressure on the foot sole more reasonably.
Biosorption of Bacillus Circulans and Bacillus Mucilaginosus on the Surface of Diaspore , Kaolinite and Quartz
Authors: Sun De Si , Bao Hong , Chen Hao , Zhang Xian Zhen , Nie Ji Han
Published: December 2011

The effects of biosorption time and cell concentration on adsorption amount on the surface of diaspore, kaolinite and quartz were studied by using two kinds of silicate bacteria ____Bacillus circulans and Bacillus mucilaginosus, and three kinds of silicate minerals . the experimental results show that two kinds of silicate bacteria absorb more easily on the surface of diaspore than on that of kaolinite and quartz, and the adsorption amount of the strain of B•M is always higher than that of the strain of B•C on the surface of diaspore, kaolinite and quartz .The possible reason is that the pHPZC of diaspore is higher than that of kaolinite and quartz, and the strain of B•M probably produce more metabolites charged negatively than that of B•C in incubation process.
Calculation of Biological Material’s Shrinkage during Convective Drying Using Fractal Model
Authors: Zhang Sai , Chen Jun Ruo , Liu Xian Xi
Published: December 2011

The unsaturated biological material is divided into the wetting phase and the non-wetting phase, the diffusion of which has the characterization of fractal. In this study, we developed a simple wetting region model to calculate the local moisture content using the box-counting method during the drying process. A new constitutive relationship was derived to determine the unsaturated porous biological material’s shrinkage with the local moisture content and the fractal dimension of the wetting phase. The volume change was linearly correlated with local saturation with larger correlation coefficient, so the new mathematical model is more accurate than others.
Effect of Auxiliary Starters on Quality of the Reduced Fat Mozzarella Cheese
Authors: Liu Hui Ping , Cao Chun Ling , Ji Ling , Xu Yi Wen , Wei Feng Ru
Published: December 2011

The choice of strains directly relate to the yield of cheeses, the time of processing cheeses, their maturity time, flavors, and their functional characteristics. In this paper, the main strain used to make Mozzarella cheese was TCC-3, which contain Lactobacillus bulgaricus subsp. Thermophilus and Streptococcus thermophilic subsp. while the auxiliary starters we chose were Lactobacillus casei and Lactobacillus helveticus. The reduced fat Mozzarella cheese was made from partially skimmed milk(milk containing 18 g of milk-fat L-1) and 9 g corn oil W1/O/W2 multiple emulsions(stabilized by amidated carboxymethylcellulose (CMC)), which deviated greatly from previous fat substitutes, the control group cheese was made with TCC-3 only(0.23g / 5L milk). Through mixture experiment design, we got 9 different groups, which the proportion of the three cultures was different. Through comparing natures of the 9 groups, we concluded that, the group (TCC-3: 0.005%; Lactobacillus casei: 0.004%; Lactobacillus helveticus: 0%) was the best one in improving quality, because it not only increased species of flavor compounds, but also had a great help for functional properties such as stretchability, meltability and so on. Also we confirmed that lactobacillus helveticus was not suitable for auxiliary ferment in our research.
Effect of Fly Ash on Expansion Properties of Concrete Added with Expansive Agents
Authors: Huang Shuang Jie , Ge Zeng Chao , Zhou Ling , Zhou Jun Long
Published: December 2011

This paper studies the effect of fly ash on expansion properties of mortar and concrete with the addition of expansive agents. It concludes that fly ash have different influence on the expansive effect of concrete with addition of expansive agents, the original fly ash hardly has any effect on the expansion properties of mortar and concrete with the addition of expansive agents. But, the milled fly ash has great effect on expansion properties of mortar and concrete with the addition of expansive agents, and the more the milled fly ash is added, the greater the effect is. Even if content of the original fly ash is over 30 percent, the value of expansive rate of mortar and concrete with addition of the original fly ash is as high as that of mortar and concrete without addition of fly ash. When the content of milled fly ash is over 10 percent, the effect on the expansion properties is weakened. When fly ash and expansive agent added to concrete at the same time, fly ash the original fly ash must be used.
Effect of Succinylation on Aqueous Enzyme-Assisted Extraction of Oil from Soybean
Authors: Liu Wen , Jiang Lian Zhou , Li Yang , Sui Xiao Nan
Published: December 2011

In order to improve the total soybean oil rate and reduce the amount of emulsion in enzyme-assisted aqueous extraction, succinic anhydride was used to modify the protein in the enzymatic hydrolysis process. The amount of the enzyme, liquid to material ratio, additive amount of succinic anhydride, hydrolysis time and the influence of modification time on the total oil rate were studied in this experiment. Response surface analysis method was employed to optimize experimental parameters. The total oil extraction rate was 94.49 ± 0.98% when the optimum parameters were chosen as follows: enzyme additive amount 2.83%, liquid to material ratio 6.34, additive amount of succinic anhydride 2.95%, hydrolysis time 2.53h and modification time 2.48h.
Epidemiological Investigation of Influenza a Viruses in Laboratory Swine and Dogs in Shanghai
Authors: Yang Xiao Hua , Wei Xiao Feng , Hu Jian Hua , Liu Xiong Wei , Chen Shao Jin
Published: December 2011

Swine and canine influenza, which is acute viral respiratory infectious disease, can do great threat to the health of people and animals. What’s more, swine as an intermediate host for the transmission of avian influenza viruses to humans, it’s very important to supervise the epidemiological situation of swine inﬂuenza virus (SIV) infections all over the world. The major aim of this paper was to investigate the epidemiological situation of influenza A viruses in laboratory swine and dogs in shanghai and surrounding area from January 2010 to March 2011. There were 109 throat swabs collected from swine and 35 from dogs. Based on RT-PCR, we have got only one swine influenza virus-positive sample and none canine influenza virus-positive. In addition, this survey not only gives a data about the epidemiological situation of swine and canine influenza, but also provides a basis and guarantee for taking a timely and effective security measures.
Evaluation the Performance of Two Kinds Bamboo Laminated of Wind Turbine Blades Composite
Authors: Huang Xiao Dong , Liu Yan
Published: December 2011

The room-temperature storage modulus of 3-4 years Moso bamboo and Dendrocalamus Latiflorus Munro were tested by Q800 dynamic mechanical thermal analysis (DMA). The outer faces of Moso bamboo and Dendrocalamus Latiflorus Munro board as laminated fabricated at different of ages were tested by INSTRON 5582.The results shows that the storage modulus of the outer layer of Moso bamboo and Dendrocalamus Latiflorus Munro under room-temperature conditions increased with aging of Moso bamboo and Dendrocalamus Latiflorus Munro. The stiffness of Moso bamboo and Dendrocalamus Latiflorus Munro increased as growing ages of Moso bamboo and Dendrocalamus Latiflorus Munro. However, The outer layer of Dendrocalamus Latiflorus Munro of 3 years or up has a storage modulus on the order of 1010Pa（10GPa）under room-temperature conditions, which is definitely qualified as the reinforcement material for the wind turbine blades composites. But the outer layer of Moso bamboo of 4 years or below may be lower than 1010Pa, which isn’t definitely qualified as the reinforcement material for the wind turbine blades composites. Generally it isn’t qualified as the reinforcement material for the wind turbine blades composites.
Encapsulation of Polyethylene for Strontium Aluminate Phosphors to Enhance its Water Resistance
Authors: Lin Heng , Chen Bi Sang , Chen Yuan Zhi , Chen Guo Liang , Lin Hua , Zheng Zi Shan , Chen Zhong Hui , Guo Hong Xu , Huang Lin Feng , Chen Zhi
Published: December 2011

Phosphors of SrAl2O4:Eu2+, Dy3+ were encapsulated with polyethylene plastic film by a physical technology. Water resistance measurements, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), thermogravimetric (TG) analysis, and photoluminescence (PL) spectrophotometry were used to characterize the phosphors Results showed that the encapsulated layer was a thin film with an encapsulation amount of 4.0 wt%, and encapsulation can effectively improve the water-resistance for the phosphor without any destroy of crystal structure of phosphors.
Metabolic Flux Analysis and Optimal Control in the Process of Ectoine Fermentation
Authors: Zhang Lin Hua , Zheng Xin , Lang Ya Jun
Published: December 2011

In this study, the metabolic network of ectoine by Halomonas venusta DSM 4743 was established. The key nodes to influence the ectoine fermentation in metabolic flux and the basis during optimal control of fermentation process were investigated. The results showed that G6P, α-KG and OAA nodes were the key factors to influence the synthesis of ectoine. The metabolic flux distributions at the key nodes were significantly improved and ectoine concentration was enhanced in ectoine fermentation by adopting monosodium glutamate as the sole carbon and nitrogen sources, feeding monosodium glutamate and supplying oxygen limitedly. The batch fermentation was carried out in 10 L fermentor , the concentration and yield of ectoine was 8.4 g/L and 0.1 g/g, respectively, which were increased by 2.8 and 2 times, by comparison with batch fermentation using glucose as carbon source.
Prediction of Antigen Epitopes on Protein Surfaces Based on Support Vector Machine
Authors: Sun Ping Ping , Chen Wen Han , Wang Xing , Liu Bo , Lv Ying Hua
Published: December 2011

B-cell epitope prediction is important for vaccine design, development of diagnostic reagents and for studies to elucidate the interactions between antigen and antibody on a molecular level. Here, we present a new epitope prediction method based on six different scoring functions and exploited LibSVM to predict the antigenic epitopes in protein surface. Using bound structures of the testing dataset, the method was able to predict antigenic epitopes with 50.6% sensitivity, 62.9% specificity, 19% precision and an AUC value of 0.616. While using unbounded structures of the testing dataset, the performance of the method was nearly the same. Compared with another epitope prediction method EPCES, the performance of the method is statistically similar. The results suggest that more effective features that discriminate epitopes from non-epitopes may further improve the performance of the prediction method. Also, the new algorithms for predicting the epitopes are desired and the construction of large with non-redundant datasets is strongly needed.
Seismic Record Simulation of the Coalbed in HTI Media
Authors: Zhao Yi Chen , Wang Hui , Sun Yan
Published: December 2011

This paper uses the finite element simulation system of the anisotropic elastic wave to simulate the two component wave field characteristics of the HTI medium in the coal-seam with fractures. The simulation results of the single shot record indicate that when the coal-seam contains fracture. The wave field characteristics under different fracture parameters are observed through the single shot record. The influences can be found mainly in the energy and amplitude vers offset characteristics. The characteristics of x component and z component are different. This may provide some experimental references to fracture detection using the PS-wave.
Simulation of Temperature Field of Soil Inside Drilling around a Vertically Buried Single-U-Tube Ground Heat Exchanger
Authors: Du Zhen Yu
Published: December 2011

In this paper, the mathematical physical model of the heat and moisture transfer, which is about a vertical single-U-tube heat exchanger of a ground source heat pump (GSHP), is used to simulate the soil temperature fields inside drilling around a vertical single-U-tube ground source heat exchanger. The soil temperature fields inside drilling in the GSHP project running for one year are computed numerically. It shows that soil structure, cooling and heating load, cooling and heating period, and convalescence period have been determined by practical engineering conditions, the distance in the plane between drillings have a huge influence on heat transfer effect, only when the distance is designed reasonably, can it be possible to make sure normal heat transfer efficiency.
Study on Crown of Main Coniferous Species in Natural Secondary Forest
Authors: Jiang Shi Lei , Li Feng Ri , Jia Wei Wei , Xu Yun , Zhao Ying Lei
Published: December 2011

2638 branch samples are gained from the 14 sample spots and the data of 50 parse trees in the spots investigated by Muling Forestry Bureau in 2008. The type of the curve are determined by the observation of the radius(r) of various kinds of trees and the scatter diagram graph of crown depth (lx) . This paper is to use power function, single formula, parabola and hyperbolic function models to fit. Through the comparison of the results of fitting, it is found that the fitting effect of the average crow of Korean pine is the best whose correlation coefficient achieves 0.58, and for parabola, spruce and fir are the best respectively with correlation coefficient 0.69 and 0.72; The same model is applied to fit the outside shape of the three species and the result is similar with that of average crown: hyperbolic function of Korean pine is the best and parabola of spruce and fir are the best. After test, it is found that forecast accuracy of model is higher. Average crown of Korean pine is 95.7% and outside crown is 92.1%; Average crown of fir is 94.9% and outside crown is ：95.9%; Average crown of Spruce is 96.0% and outside crown is 95.4%. From the point of comprehensive results, the fitting of crown shape model is better and the model chosen can better describe the crown shape of the main conifer species in Muling area, achieving the desired objectives.
Study on the Turbulent Injury Principle of Blood in the High-Speed Spiral Blood Pump
Authors: Yun Zhong , Xiang Chuang , Tang Xiao Yan , Shi Fen
Published: December 2011

The strongly swirling turbulent flow in the internal flow field of a high-speed spiral blood pump(HSBP), is one of important factors leading to the fragmentation of the red blood cell(RBC) and the hemolysis. The study on the turbulent injure principle of blood in the HSBP is carried out by using the theory of waterpower rotated flow field and the hemorheology. The numerical equation of the strongly swirling turbulent flow field is proposed. The largest stable diameter of red blood cells in the turbulent flow field is analyzed. The determinant gist on the red blood cell turbulent fragmentation is obtained. The results indicate that in the HSMP, when turbulent flow is more powerful, shear stress is weaker, the vortex mass with energy in flow field may cause serious turbulent fragmentation because of the diameter which is smaller than the RBC’s. The RBC’s turbulent breakage will occur when the Weber value is larger than 12.
Optimised Aspergillus Niger Enzyme-Assisted Extraction of Flavonoids from Dicranopteris and Evaluation of Antioxidant Activity In Vitro
Authors: Xiong Jun Juan , Ding Li Jun
Published: December 2011

The orthogonal experimental design was used to optimise Aspergillus niger enzyme-assisted extraction for flavonoids-enriched extract from Dicranopteris. The results indicate that the highest extraction ratio of flavonoids by Aspergillus niger enzyme-assisted extraction could arrive 13.67% using 30ml Aspergillus niger enzyme solution at 70°C,pH5.0 for 2h extraction, which was more efficient than that by without enzymes heating extraction.The flavonoids extract exhibited quite excellent inhibitions of hydroxyl radical. Meanwhile, it was found that the bioactivities appeared to be dose-dependent of flavonoids.
Study on Water-Extracting Technology of β-Amylase from Sweet Potato
Authors: Sun Jun Liang , Liang Xin Hong , Jia Yan Jie , Tang Yu , Guo Zu Feng
Published: December 2011

Abstract. Water-extracting enzyme from plants is used in practice because of simple and low cost. The sweet potato was taken as material to extract -amylase, the optimized parameters were studied. The results showed that the optimized parameters were as follows: extraction temperature 60°C, the level of reducing agent NaHSO3 1.5 g/L, the ratio of water to sweet potato 2:1, pH 5.0-5.5, extraction time 0 h. Under the optimum technological conditions, the β-amylase activity was 113096.9±2445.7 U/g. The study of β-amylase from sweet potato is of great theoretical and practical significance to the β-amylase industrialization production.
Extraction of Granular Insoluble Dietary Fiber from Apple-Roxburgh Rose Dregs
Authors: Zhao Guang Yuan , Jing Li Qiang
Published: December 2011

Apple-roxburgh rose dregs are rich in insoluble dietary fiber. To prepare the granular insoluble dietary fiber from the dregs by chemical method, single-factor experiments were carried out considering such factors as the ratio of solution and dregs,the size of the dregs,NaOH concentration,the extraction temperature and time. The optimal extractions conditions were obtained by L9(34) orthogonal methodology considering such factors as the size of the dregs,NaOH concentration,the extraction temperature and time, and they were as follows:fresh dregs were extracted by 70%(v/v) at 60°C for 15 min, then dregs were dried at 70°C and powdered, dregs were sifted through 60-mesh sieve and the soluble pectin was get rid of by slight acid solution. Dregs were sifted through 40-mesh sieve and mixed with 1.0mol/L NaOH solution at the ratio of 5∶1, the mixture was kept at 60°C for 3.0h. At last, dregs were dried and powdered. The granular insoluble dietary fiber was thus prepared with the yield of 83.7%. The water holding capability and hydration capability of finished granular product are 17.0 gram water and 4.3 ml per gram product, respectively. Preparation of granular insoluble dietary fiber from apple-roxburgh rose dregs is practiced and there is a few literatures concerning this research.
Improve Reservoir by Explosion Technology
Authors: Wang Jing Yin , Cheng Yuan Fang
Published: December 2011

On the basis of low permeability exploiting statement, “Exploding in fracture” is present in this paper and the feasibility and safety of this technology is also analyzed. It is found that the rock damage and fracture by shock wave in “Exploding in Fracture” can be simulated by the experiment of exploding on the surface of the cement sample in deep water. The damage and fracture of the cement sample, and the wave propagation proceed, and the damage and fracture mechanism are described qualitatively. It is found that the micro-fractures and compacted wave have an intimate relationship with the initial damage of the sample. The numerical simulation result is accordant with the experiment result. It also concluded that the qualitative explanation of rock damage and fracture mechanism is right. The compacted damage zone has definite permeability, which has an important means to “Exploding in Fracture” technology.
Performance Analysis of the Rayleigh Step Bearing under the Coexistence State of Fluid with Laminar Flow and Turbulence
Authors: Wang Ying Jia , Dong Qi Wu , Guo Hong , Cen Shao Qi
Published: December 2011

In the design of tribology pairs, the Rayleigh step bearing is known as a bearing with the highest load capacity amongst all other possible bearing geometries. This paper mainly discusses a new high-speed bearing with shallow and deep cavities on the inner surface of the bearing, and further the physical phenomena in laminar flow and turbulence regimes was revealed. In doing so, the pressure distribution was calculated first using the continuity equations and then performances in the whole flow domain such as pressure distribution, load-carrying capacity, friction force and friction coefficient were calculated. In addition, a set of optimum geometries are shown to provide the highest load capacity for the Rayleigh step bearing under varied Reynolds number. Finally, associated conclusions were drawn by comparison between results under the coexistence state and under the laminar state.
Blue Upconversion Luminescence Properties of La2(WO4)3:Yb3+/Tm3+Phosphor
Authors: Liao Jin Sheng , You Hang Ying , Wu Qing Xia , Wen He Rui , Chen Jing Lin , Hong Rui Jin
Published: December 2011

Monoclinic La2(WO4)3 nanophosphors codoped with Tm3+ and Yb3+ ions were synthesized via hydrothermal process followed by heat treatment. Powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were used to characterize as-prepared samples. The dependences of Yb3+/ concentration and laser pumping power on the upconversion emissions were extensively investigated. The results show that upconversion luminescence increases with the Yb3+/ concentration and gets its peak at 30 %. The upconversion mechanism and process in the Yb3+/Tm3+ codoped La2(WO4)3 phosphors were analysed.
Hardness Variation of Ball Bond Wire Bonding
Authors: Zulkifli Muhammd Nubli , Jalar Azman , Abdullah Shahrum , Shamsudin Roslinda , R. Zulkifli
Published: December 2011

In semiconductor packaging, conventional test procedures for evaluating mechanical properties of ball bonded gold wire bonding are well established. However these tests do not provide clear understanding related to the strength mechanism leading to improper reliability data. The nanoindentation approach, uses equipment called nanoindenter, gives advances mechanical (sub-micromechanical) characterization, particularly the combination effect of elastic and plastic deformation. Wire bonding process was prepared using thermosonic-wire bonding technology with 25m diameter gold wire and copper as substrate. To obtain mechanical properties, ball-bonded was cross-sectioned diagonally before indented at various locations. Results show that mechanical properties vary according the locations throughout the surface; at the centre, at the edge and at the area near intermetallics layer. This indicates test location plays important role in determining ‘meaningful’ mechanical properties.
Synthesis, Properties and Application in Optical Memory of a Novel Photochromic Diarylethene Bearing an Anthracene Ring
Authors: He Shang Hua , Liu Gang , Cui Shi Qiang
Published: December 2011

In the present study, we designed a novel unsymmetrical isomeric diarylethene derivative bearing both thiophene and anthracene moieties. Its photochromic properties and fluorescence were investigated in detail. In hexane solution, the open-ring isomer of the diarylethene 1 exhibited relatively strong fluorescence. The photochromic reaction kinetics indicated that the cyclization process of 1o belongs to the zeroth order reaction and the cycloreversion process belongs to the first order reaction. This new photochromic system also exhibited remarkable optical storage character.
Effects of Hydrolyses on Lanthanide Inorganic-Organic Luminescent Materials
Authors: Cai Wei Sheng , Zhou Zhan , Yu Yi Fei , Peng Xiao Xia , Lei Yi Ling , Wang Qian Ming
Published: December 2011

5-nitro-1,10-phenanthroline together with its Eu(III) complex were encapsulated into three kinds of silica hosts. The inorganic-organic hybrid materials were red emissive and presented various emissions under the base or acid catalysis. In addition, the thermal stabilities were enhanced compared with organic complex.
Research on Thermal Conductive and Insulating Material Based on Phosphoric Acid Adhesive
Authors: Hao Yong De , Liu Hao Kun , Xiong Xuan
Published: December 2011

A thermal conductive and insulating material with H3PO4 as the adhesive, AlN as the principal material of thermal conduction and Al2O3 as auxiliary material, was researched and developed in this paper. The paper explores the influences of components on density, thermal conducting property and dielectric property of the material. Research results show that as to the block sample of (mol)AlN: (mol)Al2O3=90:10, ω(H3PO4)=12% in the research, its density is 2.51 g/cm3, thermal conductivity is 5.655 W/(m•K), and relative dielectric constant under 10 kHz is 6.207.
Study on the Optimal Formula of Lubricant with Uniform Design
Authors: Chen Zhuo Jun , Feng Long Long , Li Bao Liang
Published: December 2011

The experiment is performed using three additives, Neopentyl Polyol Ester (NPE) as the base oil. This uniform design involves three independent variables and three dependent variables. It is belong to many factors and multi-objective investigation problem. With experimental results adopt U7 table seven levels of uniform design, the results showed that the design is optimizes the lubricant formulation, reached improve experiment efficiency, reduce the number of purpose and have a satisfactory results in retest experiment.
Influence of Foaming Agent on the Properties of High Density Foam Concrete
Authors: Yu Xin Gang , Gao Yan Na , Lin Lin , Li Fang
Published: December 2011

Lightweight concrete has been used for structural purposes for many years and it is developed very fast in resent years due to its lightweight and favourable for insulation properties. High strength foam concrete is a fairly new kind of lightweight concrete with excellent properties of outstanding workability, low density and high strength. Responsible for these properties are the macro-, meso- and micro- porosity of the foam concrete which are mainly affected by the foaming agent. The influence of foaming agent’s dilution ratio and foam dosage on the fluidity, compressive strength, flexural strength and drying shrinkage of high density foam concrete designed for structural materials is investigated in this paper.
A New Fiber Reinforced Composite Material Properties and Engineering Application
Authors: Yin Li Xin , Yan Jing , Li Guo Wen , Xu Wei Qiang
Published: December 2011

External thermal insulation technology for building external wall has gradually been one important technology of the construction energy conservation. A new fibre reinforced composite material is made up of cement, flyash, silicon ash, the inflation polystyrene pellet and the admixture, after the experiment examination and the engineering application, the effect of thermal insulation is good, the performance of fire proof is excellent, high durability and low cost, good property of sound absorption. Solved the quality problem exist in the traditional building outer wall thermal insulation system such as the thermal insulation layer fall off, split, seep and so on. The new material can product standardize in factory, increase the construction efficiency; in favor of the construction industrialization and could promote construction business sustainable development.
Preparation and Cement Fluidity of Slow-Release Polycarboxylate-Type Superplasticizer
Authors: Lv Xia , Yu Cheng Bing , Qi Wen Ying
Published: December 2011

High performance polycarboxylate-type superplasticizer (PCSP) was synthesized with acrylic acid (AA), polyethylene glycol allyl ether (APEG) and one monomer of methyl acrylate (MA), methacrylate acid (MAA), acrylamide (AM), and ethyleneglycol dimethacrylate (EGDMA). Ammonium persulfate and thioglycolic acid, as an initiator and a molecular weight regulator respectively, were used for radical polymerization in aqueous solution. Influence of superplasticizer on the cement fluidity of grout was investigated. The results showed that plasticizer admixture compounded with EGDMA-APEG-AA had excellent dispersibility and slump retention.
Effect of Electric Field on Cation Migration and Electrode Reactions of Mortar with Different W/C Ratios
Authors: Liu Chih Chien , Kuo Wen Ten , Hsu Shu Wang
Published: December 2011

This study used Type I Portland cement with Na2Oeq of 0.67 % to fabricate a mortar specimen with a w/c ratio of 0.5 and a dimension of φ10 × 3 cm, adjusted to the 6 w/c ratios of 0.35, 0.40, 0.45, 0.50, 0.55 and 0.60. The specimen was applied constant current density of 9 A/m2 during the Accelerated Lithium Migration Technique (ALMT) experiment. The results show that during the application of the current, over 86.4% of the electricity applied used in the production of gas through electrode reactions, and about 3.9-4.6% in cation migration. The required time of removal for Na+ and K+ decreased with increases in w/c ratio. The average removal percentage of Na+ and K+ increasing with the increase in w/c ratio. There was a good linear relationship between the steSuperscript textSuperscript textady-state flux and migration coefficient of Li+ and w/c ratio, and the steady flux of migration coefficient increase with increase in the w/c ratio.
Effect of Stress on the Corrosion Behaviors of X70 Steel in NaHCO3/NaCl Solution
Authors: He Chuan , Chen Xu , Xu Yang , Liu Zhi Yong
Published: December 2011

Electrochemical impedance spectrum (EIS) technology and microscope analysis were used to investigate the corrosion behaviors of X70 pipeline steel in 0.5 M NaHCO3 + 0.5 M NaCl mix solution. The effects of applied stress on the open circuit potential (OCP), polarization resistance and surface microscope were summarized. The results show that OCP of X70 steel decreased linely with applied stress increasing. The polarization resistance also decreased with the increase of stress. The electrode reaction on X70 steel surface changed from activation control to diffusion control and mixed control and corrosion resistance of X70 pipeline steel declined. The number and the diameter size of pit on the sample surface increase with applied stress increasing.
1 Year Long Term on Strength Properties of Pozzolanics Local Soil Bricks
Authors: Namboonruang Weerapol , Rawangkul Rattanakorn , Yodsudjai Wanchai , Suphadon Nutthanan
Published: December 2011

This work emphasizes on the study of Pozzolanics Local Soil Brick properties. The compressive strength and flexural strength on modulus of rupture properties are investigated. At the ratio of 5% Portland cement type 1 and 30% fly ashes by weight at water powder ratio (w/p) 0.3525. This brick is called as Pozzolanics soil bricks. Their properties are compared to soil cement bricks (RCM35) at the age of 3, 7, 14, 28, 60, 90, 120, 150, 180, 210, 240, 270, 300, 330 and 360. Results show that the compressive strength and flexural strength increase with increasing curing time. The compressive strength and the flexural strength at 360 day curing times increases as 41.83% and 43.77%, respectively compared at 28 day curing times. Similar to soil cement bricks, the compressive strength and flexural strength of Pozzolanics soil bricks increase as 20.80% and 11.94% respectively compared between 360 day and 28 day curing times. However, comparing to RCM35 at 360 days the compressive strength and the flexural strength are lower as 60.43% and 4.90 times respectively.
Influence from Covering TiO2 Nanoparticles with Dense Films upon Electron Transport in Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells
Authors: Hao Yong De , Song Sheng Sheng
Published: December 2011

The influence from the dense film coverings generated during the post treatment of TiCl4on the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) is investigated in the present paper. The effect of TiCl4treatment can be concluded into the following two points: 1. Covering TiO2nanoparticles with dense films and protecting the active Ti3+can enhance the electron transport. 2. The dense TiO2 is an ideal conducting film to cover the neck of nanoparticles, reduce the electron scattering and strengthen the electron transport. Acceleration of the electron transport can increase the short circuit current of the DSSCs as to obtain higher photoelectric conversion efficiency.
Effect of Synthesis Temperature on Structure and Electrochemical Properties of Nano-Sized Li4Ti5O12 by Self-Combustion Method
Authors: Yu Zhi Yong , Liu Han Xing
Published: December 2011

The spinel-type Li4Ti5O12 cathode materials were synthesized by a self-combustion method. The effects of synthesis temperature on the structural and electrochemical properties of the Li4Ti5O12 were investigated. The prepared samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), SEM, TEM and electrochemical analysis. The results revealed that pure phase and well-crystallized Li4Ti5O12 with nano-sized could be synthesized at a calcination temperature of 750°C. The sample prepared under the condition had the highest initial discharge capacity of 164 mAh/g and shown good capacity rentention during 50 cycles between 1.0-2.5V at 0.1C.
Microstructure Evolution in Low-Carbon Bainitic Steel during Tempering
Authors: Sun Chao , Yang Shan Wu , Lin Ming Xuan , Wang Xian
Published: December 2011

Microstructure evolution in low-carbon bainitic steel during tempering is investigated by hardness measurements and metallographical examinations. It is found that the microstructure evolution and the hardness variation can be divided into four stages when samples were tempered at 600°C and 700°C, and the evolution of bainte is similar to recovery and recrystallization of deformed metals. It is also found that the newly formed ferrite during recrystallization grows more rapidly along the long axis of bainite laths, and there is evidence of composition changing during recrystallization.
Preparation and Mechanical Properties of Zirconia-Mullite Nano-Comoposites from TiO2-Doped Si-Al-Zr-O Amorphous Bulk
Authors: Tan Xiao Ping , Liang Shu Quan , Chai Li Yuan
Published: December 2011

Zirconia-mullite nanocomoposites were prepared from TiO2-doped Si-Al-Zr-O amorphous bulks according to a two-step heating treatment between 880 and 1250°C. Effects of TiO2 amount and heat treatment conditions on the mechanical properties have been investigated. The fracture toughness was much more affected by the heat treatment processing than by amount of TiO2. With increasing amount of TiO2 (2.5~10 wt %), the fracture toughness gradually decreases. Nucleating temperature and time and crystallization temperature and time are interrelated. The fracture toughness of the sample with 5 wt% TiO2 nucleated at 920°Cfor 2.0 h and crystallized 1150°Cfor 4.0 h is 7.48 MPa•m1/2.
Effect of Processing Parameters on the Hot Compressive Deformation Behavior of 20CrMnTiH
Authors: Hu Cheng Liang , Zhang Ying , Zhao Zhen , Zhang Zhi Liang
Published: December 2011

20CrMnTiH is widely used as gear steel because of its good hardenability. Based on the Taguchi technique, an L9 orthogonal array was arranged, and the three main process parameters were deformation temperature, strain rate and strain, and their levels were in the range of 850oC~1050oC, 0.1 s-1~10s-1 and 0.2~0.8 respectively. Nine hot compression tests were carried out on a GLEEBLE 1500 simulator, and the stress-strain curves and microstructures were investigated. The experimental results showed that deformation temperature was the most significant parameter of flow stress maximum followed by strain rate and strain, and the impact significant degree of on the grain size after compression was shown in the following: deformation temperature > strain > strain rate.