bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
From Cavolinia longirostris to twenty-four Diacavolinia taxa, with a phylogenetic discussion (Mollusca, Gastropoda)
Authors: van der Spoel S. , Bleeke J. , Kobayasi H.
Published: May 2019

The six already known infraspecific taxa in Cavolinia longirostris (De Blainville, 1821), presently in the genus Diacavolinia, are raised to species rank and sixteen species and two formae new to science are described in this genus from different oceanic areas. Some shell structures in the Cavoliniinae are described for the first time and the phylogeny of the group is discussed.
Podonectria sichuanensis, a potentially mycopathogenic fungus from Sichuan Province in China
Authors: YANG CHUN-LIN , XU XIU-LAN , LIU YING-GAO
Published: May 2019

Podonectria sichuanensis sp. nov., a fungus associated with a phaeosphaeriacous species (Neostagonosporella sichuanensis) or occasionally found on scale insect (Kuwanaspis phyllostachydis), collected from Phyllostachys heteroclada forest in Sichuan Province, China. Podonectria sichuanensis differs from other Podonectria species in having distinct stroma covered with intricately pigmented hyphae, wider ostiole, relatively long, thin and multiseptate ascospores. Phylogenetic analyses based on ITS and LSU sequences are performed, and morphological descriptions are provided.
A new species of Conocybe (Bolbitaceae) from Punjab, Pakistan
Authors: IZHAR AIMAN , BASHIR HIRA , KHALID ABDUL NASIR
Published: May 2019

Conocybe punjabensis sp. nov., a species belonging to the saprobic family Bolbitaceae, is illustrated and described from Pakistan based on morphology and molecular evidence. The species can be distinguished on the basis of medium-sized fruiting bodies, a pileus with a dark brown central disc, a fibrillose stipe, forked lamellae near pileus margin, ellipsoid angular basidiospores with an apical germ pore, cheilocystidia and pleurocystidia varying from catenulate, lecythiform to clavate, and lecythiform caulocystidia. Molecular phylogenetic analysis of the nuclear ribosomal ITS region also supports the recognition of this new species in Conocybe. Detailed descriptions, photographs, illustrations and comparison with allied taxa are given.
Malaysian species of Dryopomorphus Hinton, 1936 (Insecta: Coleoptera: Elmidae)
Authors: ČIAMPOR JR. FEDOR , ČIAMPOROVÁ-ZAŤOVIČOVÁ ZUZANA , KODADA JÁN
Published: May 2019

We provide a review of species of the genus Dryopomorphus Hinton, 1936 occurring in Malaysia. Three known species: D. bishopi Hinton, 1971; D. satoi Spangler, 1985 and D. hendrichi Čiampor Jr & Kodada, 2006 are diagnosed and five new species from the Malay Peninsula and Borneo are described here: D. grandis, D. jaechi, D. memei, D. pekariki and D. sarawacensis. Habitus photographs, drawings of genitalia and diagnostic characters of all species are included.
New records of bathyal Leptolida (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa: Leptothecata) from the Bay of Biscay and the northwestern Iberian Peninsula (northeastern Atlantic)
Authors: ALTUNA ÁLVARO
Published: May 2019

Four uncommon bathyal thecate hydroids, Plicatotheca anitae Calder & Vervoort, 1986, Zygophylax africana Stechow,1923, Nemertesia falcicula (Ramil & Vervoort, 1992a) and Pseudoplumaria marocana (Billard, 1930), were collectedduring benthic surveys of the Cantabrian Sea and the Galicia Bank (Spain, northeastern Atlantic). Northern ranges of allfour are extended in the Atlantic Ocean. Elsewhere in the northeastern Atlantic, Plicatotheca anitae is known only fromthe Azores, while the nearest records of Nemertesia falcicula and Pseudoplumaria marocana are the Strait of Gibraltarand from a station northwest off Cape San Vicente in the south of Portugal, respectively. Zygophylax africana, known onlyfrom South Africa and Japan, is new to the European fauna and was obtained at an unusual depth. Each of the four species is described and illustrated, and their distributions and bathymetric ranges are revised.
Aplidium (Ascidiacea, Polyclinidae) in central coast, Brazil
Authors: DA ROCHA ROSANA MOREIRA , GAMBA GUSTAVO ANTUNES , ZANATA THAIS BASTOS
Published: May 2019

The genus Aplidium comprises a large number of species, seldom reported from Brazil. Here we describe some species inthis genus, collected between 1999 and 2012, in coastal waters of the states of Bahia and Espírito Santo, in eastern centralBrazil. Natural and artificial substrates were sampled by scuba diving at 5 to 23 m depths. Four species comprise the 16samples. We propose synonymy of the species A. lobatum Savigny, 1816 and A. quinquesulcatum Millar, 1977, both pre-viously known from Brazil. The other species are A. antillense (first record for the Brazilian coast), and two new species, A. elongatum n. sp. and A. selenium n. sp.
A new species of Trichonotus (Perciformes: Trichonotidae) from Somalia and redescription of Trichonotus cyclograptus (Alcock, 1890) with designation of a lectotype
Authors: KATAYAMA ERI , MOTOMURA HIROYUKI , ENDO HIROMITSU
Published: May 2019

A new sand diver Trichonotus somaliensis n. sp. (Trichonotidae) is described on the basis of 13 specimens collected offthe coast of Somalia at a depth of 38−78m. The new species is most similar to T. arabicus and T. cyclograptus in lackingelongated anterior dorsal-fin spines and having dark markings on the lateral body surface in males. However, the new spe-cies differs from the others in having the following characters: lateral-line scales 54−57; gill rakers on first arch5−6+18−24; 12–14 blotches on upper half of body in both sexes; first dorsal-fin soft ray length in males 19–28% of stan-dard length; and no free dorsal pterygiophores. Trichonotus cyclograptus, a poorly known species, is redescribed on the basis of the newly-designated lectotype and paralectotypes.
First record of the exotic isopod Sphaeroma serratum (Crustacea: Isopoda) from Uruguayan waters (southwestern Atlantic)
Authors: DOTI BRENDA , SCHWINDT EVANGELINA , SCARABINO FABRIZIO
Published: May 2019

The isopod Sphaeroma serratum (Fabricius, 1787) is reported from Uruguay for the first time and it is considered an introduced species in the region. The species was found very abundant and specimens were collected under the rocks in an intertidal area at La Paloma port in 2002 (34º39´S, 54º08´W). The specimens we examined fully agree with previous descriptions. Considering that this species has been reported as introduced in Argentina and Brazil, here we hypothesized the potential routes of introduction to Uruguay.
Heterorhabditis beicherriana n. sp. (Nematoda: Heterorhabditidae), a new entomopathogenic nematode from the Shunyi district of Beijing, China
Authors: XING-YUE LI , QI-ZHI LIU , NERMUŤ JIŘÍ , PŮŽA VLADIMÍR , MRÁČEK ZDENĚK
Published: May 2019

A new heterorhabditid nematode was recovered in orchards in the Beijing area. Morphological and molecular dataconfirmed this nematode as a new species, which belongs to the bacteriophora-group with sister taxa Heterorhabditisbacteriophora and H. georgiana. The nematode was named H. beicherriana n. sp. and is characterized by males,hermaphrodites, females and infective juveniles. In males the peloderan bursa is characterized by the formula 1 2 3 3,spicule length 45 (41–51)μm. Male body length is substantially higher than that of H. bacteriophora and H. georgiana(1028μm vs 820 and 838μm, respectively). In hermaphrodites there are six labial and six cephalic papillae; the vulvalpattern is smooth, rounded or slightly elliptical. Tail is conoid with a moderately prominent post-anal swelling slightlylonger than anal body width. In females vulval lips are non-protruding, tail conical without or with a slightly developedpost-anal swelling, about twice as long as anal body width. In infective juveniles, the body is elongate, slender and straightwhen heat-killed, on average 639μm long, which is longer than in H. bacteriophora (558μm) and H. georgiana (598μm),respectively. Heterorhabditis beicherriana n. sp. is further characterized by internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and D2D3rDNA sequences, the most similar species, H. georgiana, being separated by 21 bp across 994 bp of the ITS and 3 across890 bp of the D2D3 region. ITS and D2D3 regions of H. beicherriana evolved five and one autapomorphies, respectively. Phylogenetic analyses placed H. beicherriana n. sp. as a member of the bacteriophora-group.
A new species of prickleback, Dictyosoma tongyeongensis (Perciformes: Stichaeidae) from the South Sea of Korea
Authors: JI HWAN-SUNG , KIM JIN-KOO
Published: May 2019

A new prickleback is described based on six specimens collected by fish trap in southern Korea (water depth 5–12 m) in 2009 and 2010. The new prickleback is most similar to Dictyosoma burgeri and Dictyosoma rubrimaculatum in general morphology, but differs in the following combination of characters: dorsal contour of head almost a straight line; anal-fin rays 45–47; vertebrae 70–74; no blackish-brown blotches on head. In addition, mitochondrial DNA cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI) sequences and recombination activating gene 2 (RAG2) sequences were analyzed for clarifying their genetic relationship. The neighbor-joining tree using mtDNA COI and nDNA RAG2 shows the reciprocal monophyly of the new prickleback. Accordingly, our specimens are regarded as a new species, named Dictyosoma tongyeongensis, after its type locality (Tongyeong).
Notes on Docosia Winnertz (Diptera: Mycetophilidae), with description of six new species from Central Asia and the first generic record from the Afrotropical region
Authors: KURINA OLAVI , ŠEVČÍK JAN
Published: May 2019

Six new species of Docosia Winnertz are described from Central Asia and their terminalia illustrated, viz. Docosia bartaki sp. nov. (Uzbekistan), D. blagoderovi sp. nov. (Uzbekistan), D. chimganica sp. nov. (Uzbekistan), D. distributa sp. nov. (Turkmenistan, Kazakhstan), D. koyentagi sp. nov. (Turkmenistan) and D. turkmenica sp. nov. (Turkmenistan). A new record of D. selini Kurina from Uzbekistan and a key to Docosia species in Central Asia are provided. The number of Docosia species in Central Asia now totals 10. Docosia gilvipes (Haliday in Walker) is newly found in South Africa representing the first record of the genus from the Afrotropical region.
Redescription of the genus Curiades Pascoe 1880 (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Entiminae: Naupactini), a potential mimic of Mutillidae from Brazil
Authors: DEL RÍO M. GUADALUPE , LANTERI ANALIA A.
Published: May 2019

The monotypic genus Curiades Pascoe 1880 (Curculionidae: Entiminae: Naupactini) is redescribed based on the type species C. boisduvali (Boheman 1840), endemic to Río de Janeiro, Brazil. Curiades boisduvali shows a characteristic color pattern and vestiture composed of long erect setae that resembles species of Dasymutilla Ashmead 1899, a genus of Mutillidae (Hymenoptera) whose wingless females have aposematic colors and painful stings. The similarities between the wasp (model) and the weevil (mimic) suggest a case of Batesian mimicry. The morphological characters of the rostrum and antennae justify a close phylogenetic relationship of Curiades and Platyomus Sahlberg 1823, even though based on its hairy vestiture the former is superficially more similar to Trichaptus Pascoe 1880, another Brazilian naupactine mimic of mutillid wasps. The present contribution includes a redescription of Curiades and its only known species, accompanied by habitus photographs, line drawings of genitalia and other diagnostic features.
Systematics and Phylogeny of Ulmeritus-Ulmeritoides revisited (Ephemeroptera: Leptophlebiidae)
Authors: SALLES F. F. , DOMÍNGUEZ E.
Published: May 2019

Based on specimens recently collected from Brazil, two new species of Ulmeritoides, as well as the nymph and female imago of the atypical U. flavopedes are described. A new synonymy is proposed, U. flavopedes (=U. oepa). In order to re-evaluate the relationships of the species of the Ulmeritus-Ulmeritoides group based on these new evidences, a cladistic analysis is carried out. The monophyly of Ulmeritus and Ulmeritoides is reconfirmed, and a clear differentiation between the Central and South American species of Ulmeritoides emerges from the analysis.
Bathrips in China (Thysanoptera: Thripidae), with a new record and new synonym
Authors: MIRAB-BALOU MAJID , YANG SHU-LAN , TONG XIAO-LI
Published: May 2019

Bathrips Bhatti (1962) currently includes three species, all from the Oriental region. The systematic relationships of this genus remain equivocal. Mound & Masumoto (2004) pointed out the similarity in general appearance of the species to those of Trichromothrips, but Masumoto & Okajima (2005) did not include Bathrips in the Trichromothrips genus-group. The species of Bathrips lack the dorso-apical setae on the first antennal segment that characterize the Trichromothrips group, and tergite IX of males bears a median pair of short and stout setae (Masumoto & Okajima 2005). Bathrips was distinguished originally from Taeniothrips on the basis of a different fore wing chaetotaxy, but the complete absence of a comb on tergite VIII suggests that these two are not related.
A new frog species of the genus Rugosa from Sado Island, Japan (Anura, Ranidae)
Authors: SEKIYA KUNIO , MIURA IKUO , OGATA MITSUAKI
Published: May 2019

We describe a new frog species in the genus Rugosa from Sado Island, Japan. This new species, Rugosa susurra, is ge-netically close to R. rugosa Temminck and Schlegel, but is morphologically distinguishable and postzygotically isolatedfrom the latter species. The skin over the entire body is much smoother, and the abdomen and ventral surface of hindlimbare deep yellow whereas these are pale yellow or grayish yellow in R. rugosa. In addition, duration of the advertisementcall of Rugosa susurra is definitely longer than that of R. rugosa. Rugosa susurra is the first endemic amphibian species to Sado Island in Japan.
Morphotaxonomic revision of Simulium (Gomphostilbia) (Diptera: Simuliidae) in the Oriental Region
Authors: TAKAOKA HIROYUKI
Published: May 2019

Simulium (Gomphostilbia) Enderlein, the third largest (206 named species included) in the genus Simulium Latreille s. l., is one of the two most abundant and diverse subgenera in the Oriental Region. To provide a classification scheme to facilitate morphological identification of the species within this subgenus, its diagnostic characters are redefined, and nine known species-groups within it are reviewed. Based on putative lineages explored by using certain adult morphological characters, seven more species-groups are proposed: asakoae, darjeelingense, epistum, gombakense, heldsbachense, hemicyclium and palauense species-groups, while the trirugosum species-group is merged in the varicorne species-group. Subgroups are also introduced to represent apparently different lineages within certain species-groups based on certain pupal morphological characters: two in the banauense species-group, seven in the batoense species-group redefined, four in the ceylonicum species-group redefined, four in the epistum species-group, two in the hemicyclium species-group, two in the sherwoodi species-group and four in the varicorne species-group redefined. A new checklist of species of the subgenus Gomphostilbia, and a key to all 15 species-groups within it are provided. The eastward expansion of the geographical distribution of the subgenus Gomphostilbia is inferred on the basis of the more frequent occurrence of apomorphic characters of certain adult and pupal morphological features in insular species-groups than in continental species-groups. A preliminary attempt using a cladistic analysis of morphological characters shows that among 10 subgenera examined, Gomphostilbia has a sister-taxon relationship with the Australasian subgenus Morops Enderlein, and this clade, together with the Central-Western Pacific subgenus Inseliellum Rubtsov, is positioned closest to the most derived clade formed by Daviesellum Takaoka & Adler and Simulium Latreille s. str.
Onerunka longi, a new genus and species of Thanerocleridae (Coleoptera) from Papua New Guinea, with systematic notes on the tribe Thaneroclerini
Authors: KOLIBÁČ JIŘÍ
Published: May 2019

Onerunka longi n. gen., n. sp., a new member of Thanerocleridae (Thaneroclerinae: Thaneroclerini) is described from Papua New Guinea. The new genus is geographically isolated and morphologically distinct.  It is probably related to Viticlerus Miyatake, 1977 from Fiji and Neoclerus Lewis, 1892 from south-eastern Asia. The tribe Viticlerini Winkler, 1982 is synonymized with Thaneroclerini Chapin, 1924.
First record of Didicrum Enderlein (Diptera: Psychodidae, Psychodinae) from the Northern Andes bioregion, with the description of a new species
Authors: MOYA-ARÉVALO ROSA HELENA , IBÁÑEZ-BERNAL SERGIO , SUÁREZ-LANDA MARÍA TERESA
Published: May 2019

Didicrum colombensis sp. nov. is described and illustrated based on male and female morphological characters. The discovery of this species in Colombia represents a significant range extension for Didicrum as all previously described species of this genus are distributed in the Australasian region and the southernmost portion of South America. A checklist of the World species of Didicrum is presented.
Description of a new species of the genus Onconeura Andersen et Sæther (Diptera: Chironomidae) from Argentina with a cladistic analysis of the genus
Authors: DONATO MARIANO , SIRI AUGUSTO , MAUAD MELINA
Published: May 2019

The male, female and immature stages of the new species Onconeura analiae from Argentina are described and figured. A parsimony analysis including the seven known species of the genus plus the new species, using a combined data set of continuous and qualitative characters, was conducted in order to assess the phylogenetic position of the new species and to give for the first time a phylogenetic hypothesis of the genus.
New euophryine jumping spiders from Southeast Asia and Africa (Araneae: Salticidae: Euophryinae)
Authors: ZHANG JUN-XIA , MADDISON WAYNE P.
Published: May 2019

Sixteen new species and four new genera of euophryine jumping spiders from the Old World (China, Malaysia and SouthAfrica) are described. The new genera are Chinophrys gen. nov. (type species C. pengi sp. nov.), Foliabitus gen. nov.(type species F. longzhou sp. nov.), Parabathippus gen. nov. (type species Bathippus shelfordi Peckham & Peckham, andnew species P. cuspidatus sp. nov., P. kiabau sp. nov., P. magnus sp. nov.) and Parvattus gen. nov. (type species P. zhui sp.nov.). The other new species belong to the genera Colyttus Thorell, 1891 (C. robustus sp. nov.), Emathis Simon, 1899 (E.gombak sp. nov.), Lagnus L. Koch, 1879 (L. edwardsi sp. nov.), Laufeia Simon, 1889 (L. concava sp. nov. and L. eximiasp. nov.), Thiania C. L. Koch, 1846 (T. latibola sp. nov. and T. tenuis sp. nov.) and Thyenula Simon, 1902 (T. laxa sp. nov.,T. nelshoogte sp. nov. and T. wesolowskae sp. nov.). The following species from Southeast Asia once described as Bathip-pus Thorell, 1892 are transferred to Parabathippus gen. nov.: Bathippus birmanicus Thorell, B. digitalis Zhang, Song &Li, B. macilentus Thorell, B. petrae Prószyński & Deeleman-Reinhold, B. rectus Zhang, Song & Li, B. sedatus Peckham& Peckham and B. shelfordi Peckham & Peckham. Laufeia liujiapingensis Yang & Tang is transferred to Chinophrys gen.nov.. Laufeia scutigeraŻabka is transferred to Foliabitus gen. nov.. Diagnostic illustrations are provided for all of the described new species. Photographs of living spiders are also provided for some new species.
The giant tadpoles of Megaelosia jordanensis (Heyer, 1983)
Authors: NOGUEIRA-COSTA PAULO , ALMEIDA-SANTOS PATRICIA , CRUZ CARLOS ALBERTO GONÇALVEZ , CARAMASCHI ULISSES
Published: May 2019

The genus Megaelosia Miranda-Ribeiro currently comprises seven species associated with Atlantic Rain Forest of southeastern Brazil. This genus is composed of big-sized diurnal frogs that live associated to lotic streams in forests (Giaretta, et al. 1993). Five out of seven Megaelosia species have its larvae described: M. apuana Pombal, Prado & Canedo; M. boticariana Giaretta & Aguiar; M. goeldii Baumann; M. lutzae Izecksohn & Gouvêa; M. massarti De Witte (Pombal et al. 200; Giaretta & Aguiar, 1998; Lutz, 1930; Nuin, 2003; Giaretta et al, 1993).
A new species of Phyllocnistis Zeller (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae) from southern Brazil, with life-history description and genetic comparison to congeneric species
Authors: BRITO ROSÂNGELA , GONÇALVES GISLENE L. , VARGAS HECTOR A. , MOREIRA GILSON R. P.
Published: May 2019

Male, female and immature stages of Phyllocnistis tethys Moreira & Vargas sp. nov. (Lepidoptera; Gracillariidae) from the Atlantic Rain Forest, coastal mountains of southern Brazil, are described and illustrated, using both optical and scanning electron microscopy. A preliminary analysis of mitochondrial (COI) DNA sequences including putative members of congeneric species is also provided. The immature stages are associated with the passion vine Passiflora organensis (Passifloraceae). The hypermetamorphic, endophyllous larva has four instars; the first, second and third instars are sap-feeders, associated primarily with the spongy parenchyma, and construct a blotch mine in the lower surface of the lamina; the fourth, non-feeding (spinning) instar constructs a flimsy endophyllous cocoon at the end of the mine, where pupation occurs. This is the first species of Phyllocnistis Zeller described from Brazil, and the first leaf-mining gracillariid associated with Passifloraceae.
A review of Rhopalopsole magnicerca group (Plecoptera: Leuctridae) from China
Authors: LI WEIHAI , YANG DING
Published: May 2019

The species of Rhopalopsole magnicerca group (Plecoptera: Leuctridae) from China are reviewed. Two additional species of the group are described as new: R. minutospina sp. nov. and R. wolong sp. nov. Rhopalopsole longispina and R. xui are considered as additional members of the group. The taxonomic relationships of new species with congeners are discussed and a key for the Chinese species in the group is presented.
Two new biting midges of the subfamily Forcipomyiinae Lenz (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) from China
Authors: CHEN HAIYING , LIU YANGQING , YU YIXIN
Published: May 2019

Two new species of biting midges in the subfamily of Forcipomyiinae Lenz are described and illustrated based on male adults: Lasiohelea habros Liu, Chen & Yu, sp. nov.; Atrichopogon brenthus Liu & Yu, sp. nov..
A revision of the genus Donda Moore, 1882 with description of two species from East Asia (Lepidoptera, Noctuidae: Pantheinae). Revision of Pantheinae, contribution V
Authors: BEHOUNEK G. , HAN H. L. , KONONENKO V. S.
Published: May 2019

The Oriental Pantheinae genus Donda Moore, 1882 is revised. The type-species of the genus—Donda eurychlora (Walker, 1858) is recognized as a complex of species. Two new species, Donda continentalis sp. n. from Thailand, China, and Vietnam and D. sundana sp. n. from Indonesia are described. Two species, D. thoracica Moore, 1882 and D. striatovirens Moore, 1883, are excluded from the genus Donda. The status of two taxa, D. ornata Moore, 1883 and D. lichenoides (Hampson, 1894) remains open. The imagines, male and female genitalia are illustrated. The checklist of the genus Donda is presented.
The genus Mecodema Blanchard 1853 (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Broscini) from the North Island, New Zealand
Authors: SELDON F.L.S. DAVID S. , BUCKLEY THOMAS R.
Published: May 2019

Mecodema (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Broscini) is a hyperdiverse endemic New Zealand genus of ground beetles with only a few geographically widespread species found throughout the two main islands, as well as many offshore islands. Using specimens from a number of private and institutional collections, in addition new specimens were acquired by extensive pitfall trapping, we describe or redescribe all of the known North Island Mecodema species. Additionally, we redescribe three South Island species from the former genus Metaglymma, as morphological evidence shows that these species are nested within Mecodema. Species descriptions are formed by using 128 morphological characters, which include external characters, as well as both male and female internal structures. There are four new combinations: Mecodema antarctica comb. n., M. aberrans comb. n., M. moniliferum comb. n. and M. tibiale comb. n. We synonymise M. occiputale under Mecodema curvidens, and M. sulcatum under Mecodema oblongum, and reinstate M. scitulum Broun (northwest Hunua Range, Auckland). Twenty four new species are described: Mecodema argentum sp. n., M. atuanui sp. n., M. dunnorum sp. n., M. genesispotini sp. n., M. godzilla sp. n., M. jacinda sp. n., M. kipjac sp. n., M. kokoroiho sp. n., M. mohi sp. n., M. ngaiatonga sp. n., M. ngaitahuhu sp. n., M. papake sp. n., M. perexiguus sp. n., M. rusticulus sp. n., M. temata sp. n., M. teparawhau sp. n., M. teroroa sp. n., M. tewhara sp. n., M. tuhoe sp. n., M. undecimus sp. n., M. wharekahika sp. n., M. xylanthrax sp. n., M. yconomus sp. n., M. zonula sp. n. North Island regional species endemism is very high in Northland (15/16 endemic species), with species becoming more widespread in the southern regions, e.g. Wellington only has two endemic species from a total of eight species. This research increases the total number of described Mecodema species to 102, and will allow a modern taxonomic framework for completion of the revision of the South Island species.
The Relative Impact of Ice Fall Speeds and Microphysics Parameterization Complexity on Supercell Evolution
Authors: Falk Nicholas M. , Igel Adele L. , Igel Matthew R.
Published: May 2019

The use of bin or bulk microphysics schemes in model simulations frequently produces large changes in the simulated storm and precipitation characteristics, but it is still unclear which aspects of these schemes give rise to these changes. In this study, supercell simulations using either a bin or a double-moment bulk microphysics scheme are conducted with the Regional Atmospheric Modeling System (RAMS). The two simulations produce very different storm morphologies. An additional simulation is run for each scheme in which the diameter–fall speed relationships for ice hydrometeors are modified to be similar to those used by the other scheme. When fall speed relationships are homogenized, the two parameterization schemes simulate similar storm morphology. Therefore, despite the use of largely dissimilar approaches to parameterizing microphysics, the difference in storm morphology is found to be related to the choice of diameter–fall speed relationships for ice hydrometeors. This result is investigated further to understand why. Higher fall speeds lead to higher mixing ratios of hydrometeors at low levels and thus more melting. Consequently, stronger downdrafts and cold pools exist in the high fall speed storms, and these stronger cold pools lead to storm splitting and the intensification of a left mover. The results point to the importance of hydrometeor fall speed on the evolution of supercells. It is also suggested that caution be used when comparing the response of a cloud model to different classes of microphysics schemes since the assumptions made by the schemes may be more important than the scheme class itself.
Seasonal Cycles of Along-Track Tropical Cyclone Maximum Intensity
Authors: Gilford Daniel M. , Solomon Susan , Emanuel Kerry A.
Published: May 2019

This study investigates relationships between observed tropical cyclone (TC) maximum intensities and potential intensity (PI) over the seasonal cycle. To directly compare observed and potential intensities, one must account for month-to-month variability in TC tracks and frequencies. Historical TC best track data and reanalysis PI calculations are combined to develop an along-track record of observed maximum and potential intensities for each storm in the satellite-era (1980–2015) across four ocean basins. Overall, observed maximum intensity seasonal cycles agree well with those of along-track PI. An extreme value theory application shows that at least 25 storms must be observed in a given month to have high confidence that the most intense wind speeds of historical TCs follow along-track PI seasonality. In the North Atlantic and Southern Hemisphere regions, there are too few observed storms outside their traditional TC seasons, limiting PI applicability across the seasonal cycle. Small intraseasonal along-track PI variabilities in these regions are driven by TC thermodynamic disequilibrium and sea surface temperatures. Thermodynamic disequilibrium drives seasonal cycles of eastern North Pacific along-track PI and observed maximum intensity, which minimize in August and maximize in June and October. Western North Pacific along-track PI and observed maximum intensity seasonal cycles are relatively flat, and have a local minimum in August because of reduced thermodynamic efficiency, which is linked to anomalously warm near-tropopause outflow temperatures. Powerful (>65 m s−1) western Pacific TCs historically occur in every month except January, due to a combination of tropopause region and SST seasonal influences.
Protests and Voter Defections in Electoral Autocracies: Evidence From Russia
Authors: Tertytchnaya Katerina
Published: May 2019

A large literature expects that as protests unfold in electoral autocracies, voters who supported the ruling regime in the past will withdraw support and shift to supporting its opponents. Yet there are only a few empirical tests of how opposition protests influence voter defections in these regimes. To gain empirical traction on this question, I draw on evidence from Russia. Tying together evidence from a protest-event dataset and a panel survey of voters conducted prior to and during the 2011-2012 protest wave, I examine how voters who supported the ruling regime in the past respond to anti-regime mobilization. Results reveal differentiation in defections. While opposition protests dampen support for the ruling regime and depress engagement, they do not necessarily translate into greater support for the regime’s challengers. Findings, which have implications for debates on defection cascades in autocracies, speak to the literatures on authoritarian endurance and the legacies of (attempted) revolutions.
Race Tracks: Career Aspirations and Feelings of Isolation in the Mainstream Classroom
Authors: McCardle Todd
Published: May 2019

Situated within scholarly research on tracking, within-school racial segregation, and student career aspirations, this qualitative study examines how three Black students in the mainstream program at a magnet high school in the Southeastern United States discussed their career aspirations. Results indicate that while each participant aspired to attend college, their isolation from the social and cultural capital needed to successfully apply for colleges and their academic status within their school would serve as hindrances in gaining access to institutions that would help them accomplish their career aspirations. The data reveal a need to challenge educational policy such as tracking that has historically targeted and marginalized students of color and continues to provide unnecessary obstacles as they seek to reach their ambitions.
“I Never Would Have Noticed It Before”: The Possibilities of Critical Discussion Groups for Teacher Candidate Policy Engagement
Authors: Hara May
Published: May 2019

Teacher candidates are central to the implementation of educational policy in schools, but receive little professional training around policy in their teacher education coursework or in their practicum experiences in the field. In examining this disconnect, this article explores the following questions: What do teacher candidates know about educational policy at the beginning of their student teaching practica? How do they envision their role with respect to policy? How does their participation in a critical discussion group around educational policy influence their perspectives? This article draws on qualitative data from a group of teacher education candidates enrolled in a student teaching practicum in Massachusetts. Analysis illustrates how teacher candidates make sense of educational policy via their university experiences and their field placements. Data suggest that critical discussion groups have potential to support increased capacity around teacher candidate policy engagement.
Parental Involvement and the Black–White Discipline Gap: The Role of Parental Social and Cultural Capital in American Schools
Authors: Marcucci Olivia
Published: May 2019

Discipline disproportionality is the overuse of exclusionary discipline, such as suspension and expulsion, on Black students in American schools. This study adds to the literature by examining how parental involvement affects racial disparities in disciplinary outcomes in in-school suspension and by theoretically analyzing how parents’ social and cultural capital affect student disciplinary outcomes. The study uses Hayes’s dimensions of parental involvement as potential moderators between race and exclusionary discipline: achievement values, home-based involvement, and school-based involvement. Using base year data from the Educational Longitudinal Study of 2002 ( n = 15,362), a logistic regression model examines the three parental involvement dimensions as moderators of race and suspension. Two of the three dimensions significantly moderate the relationship between race and suspension. Both moderators are associated with a higher rate of discipline disproportionality. The analysis suggests that even while Black parents act as “adept managers” of capital, schools are still marginalizing the nondominant forms of capital that Black parents have.
A load-balancing power scheduling system for virtual power plant considering emission reduction and charging demand of moving electric vehicles
Authors: Huang Chenn-Jung , Liu An-Feng , Hu Kai-Wen , Chen Liang-Chun , Huang Yu-Kang
Published: May 2019

With the rapid development of the emerging technologies and significant cost reduction of the deployment for solar energy and wind power, the replacement of traditional power generation by renewable energy becomes feasible in the future. However, different from currently deployed centralized power sources, renewables are categorized as one kind of intermittent energy sources, and the scale of renewables is small and scattered. In the recent literature, the architecture of virtual power plant was proposed to replace the current smart grid in the future. However, the energy sharing concept and the uncertainties of intermittent energy sources will cause the short-term energy management for the virtual power plant much more complicated than the current centralized control energy management for traditional power generation system. We thus propose a hierarchical day-ahead power scheduling system for virtual power plant in this work to tackle the complex short-term energy management problems. We first collect electricity consumption data from smart appliances used in households and predict power-generating capacity of renewable energy sources at the prosumer level. Then, the proposed hierarchical power scheduling system is employed to schedule the usage of electricity for the customers by considering the efficiency of the use of distributed renewables. Notably, charging management of a moving electric vehicle is also considered in the proposed power scheduling mechanism. In addition, a real-time power tracking mechanism is presented to deal with the forecast errors of volatile renewable power generation, electricity load, and moving electric vehicle charging, and the maximal usage of renewables and reduction of the burden on community virtual power plants during time period of peak load can be achieved accordingly. The experimental results show that the proposed day-ahead power scheduling system can mitigate the dependency on traditional power generation effectively, and balance peak and off-peak period load of electricity market.
Decentralized robust tracking control for 2-degree of freedom planar robot manipulator subject to disturbances and uncertainties
Authors: Sun Zhenxing , Zhang Yangkun , Li Shenghui , Zhang Xinghua
Published: May 2019

In this study, a novel decentralized exact tracking control approach for 2-degree of freedom (DOF) planar robot manipulators with disturbances and uncertainties has been proposed. The main idea of the proposed method is to partition the whole robot manipulator into single joint and lumped disturbance. A well designed extended high gain observer (EHGO) is adopted to observe the lumped disturbance of each joint, which includes coupling, load disturbance and uncertainty, and so forth. Rather than coping with the robot manipulator as a whole, the proposed method is locally designed to compensate the estimated coupling and stabilize the internal states of a single joint. By doing that, each joint can be virtually decoupled from the whole robot manipulator and functions in a relatively independent way. When joints are interconnected, the stabilization of the whole robot manipulator would be obtained by only guaranteeing the localized stability of individual joint. The theoretical analyses are rigorously conducted by utilizing Lyapunov stability theorem. Simulation results illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed control scheme.
Scalar implicatures in Chinese children with reading difficulties
Authors: Hu Shenai , Zhou Peng , Foppolo Francesca , Vender Maria , Delfitto Denis
Published: May 2019

This study investigates the derivation of scalar implicatures in Chinese children with reading difficulties (RD). Twenty-four children with RD (mean age 9 years and 8 months), 20 age-matched typical readers (mean age 9 years and 10 months), 20 six-year-old children and 20 five-year-old children were tested with the comprehension of sentences with scalar items yixie ‘some’ and suoyou ‘all’. The pattern of children with RD was similar to that of six-year-old children but differed from that of age-matched typical readers in the comprehension of the sentences containing yixie that were pragmatically underinformative in the context. Interestingly, many children with RD and younger children, who accepted the sentences containing yixie that were pragmatically underinformative, rejected the sentences containing yixie that were true in a context supporting the literal (semantic) interpretation. These results support the view that the computation of scalar implicatures may be impaired in children with RD, due to a complex interplay of factors such as (at least) the lexical knowledge of the scalar term and processing/pragmatic limitations.
Collective Memories as a Vehicle of Fantasy and Identification: Founding stories retold
Authors: Foroughi Hamid
Published: May 2019

This paper builds on recent calls for a polyphonic approach to study rhetorical uses of the past, to account for multiple and diverse voices that take part in the construction of collective memories. To this end, I explore (multiple) collective memories of a charity’s founding story by tracing how this story was retold in the organization. My findings demonstrate that these recollected stories were localized and embellished within two specific mnemonic communities. I show that two different renditions of the founding story projected social fantasies shared by members of respective mnemonic communities, who used the telling of the story to reaffirm what they thought is the core purpose of the organization and their role. This finding is used to discuss how multiple collective memories sustain different identities in organizations. The research further discusses the mutual role of social fantasies in maintaining collective memories in organizations and vice versa.
Occupancy map building through Bayesian exploration
Authors: Francis Gilad , Ott Lionel , Marchant Roman , Ramos Fabio
Published: May 2019

We propose a novel holistic approach to safe autonomous exploration and map building based on constrained Bayesian optimization. This method finds optimal continuous paths instead of discrete sensing locations that inherently satisfy motion and safety constraints. Evaluating both the objective and constraints functions requires forward simulation of expected observations. As such, evaluations are costly, and therefore the Bayesian optimizer proposes only paths that are likely to yield optimal results and satisfy the constraints with high confidence. By balancing the reward and risk associated with each path, the optimizer minimizes the number of expensive function evaluations. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach in a series of experiments both in simulation and with a real ground robot and provide comparisons with other exploration techniques. The experimental results show that our method provides robust and consistent performance in all tests and performs better than or as good as the state of the art.
Development of a New Manual for Assessing Safety Hardware TL-3 Low-Profile Portable Concrete Barrier for High-Speed Applications
Authors: Silvestri Dobrovolny Chiara , Shi Shengyi , Kovar James , Bligh Roger P. , Hurlebaus Stefan
Published: May 2019

A sight-distance problem is associated with use of 32-in. tall concrete longitudinal barriers, specifically in certain work zone locations and at nighttime. These 32-in. tall barriers can obstruct drivers’ eyesight, making it difficult for drivers to detect oncoming vehicles on the other side of these barriers. To address this sight-distance problem while protecting the errant vehicles, researchers at the Texas Transportation Institute (TTI) developed a 20-in. tall low-profile portable concrete barrier (PCB) for use in low-speed work zones in the early 1990s. To address the problem for high-speed application, TTI researchers applied modifications to the 20-in. tall low-profile PCB. Researchers designed two retrofit metal rail systems to be added on top of the existing 20-in. tall low-profile PCB to address roadside and median applications. The systems successfully performed in full-scale crash testing according to NCHRP Report 350 Test Level (TL) 3 evaluation criteria. This paper describes the efforts to develop and evaluate the crashworthiness of a new low-profile PCB design for high-speed applications. The crash tests were performed following Manual for Assessing Safety Hardware (MASH) guidelines and evaluation criteria. Based on results from finite element computer simulations performed to aid design, MASH full-scale crash tests were conducted on a low-profile PCB system comprised of 26-in. tall, 30-ft long barrier segments, with a T-shaped profile. Based on constructability feedback, the sides of the barrier were formed with a negative 1:18 slope, which allows for ease of construction forming. The new low-profile PCB performed acceptably as a MASH TL-3 longitudinal barrier.
Access to Employment, Volunteer Activities, and Community Events and Perceptions of Age-Friendliness: The Role of Social Connectedness
Authors: Choi Mi Sun , Dabelko-Schoeny Holly , White Katie
Published: May 2019

The aim of this study was to investigate the direct and indirect effects of access to employment, volunteer opportunities, and community events on older adults’ perception of age-friendliness and feelings of connectedness. Data were from an age-friendly community survey conducted in a Midwestern city in the United States. We analyzed the responses of 264 older adult residents (50 years and older) using path analysis. Results showed that access to community events, job resources, and connectedness were predictors of older adults’ perceptions of age-friendliness of their community, and that connectedness mediated the relationship between access to community events and perceived age-friendliness. The findings help to refine the concept of an age-friendly community from older adults’ perspectives and emphasize the importance of fostering interactions through community events to enhance older adults’ feelings of connectedness.
Generational Distinctions on the Importance of Age-Friendly Community Features by Older Age Groups
Authors: Black Kathy , Hyer Kathryn
Published: May 2019

In 2006, the World Health Organization initiated an international movement to enhance active aging and the age-friendliness of communities by focusing efforts on the built, social, and service environment. The global model requires soliciting older adults’ preferences regarding community features although findings are typically aggregated across all aged respondents despite mounting distinctions between the generations. This study aimed to examine the differential salience of community features by older generational age groups including Baby Boomers ( n = 639) and Silent and Government or General Issued (GI) Generation ( n = 488) in an age-friendly community in which more than half of its residents are age 50 or older. Chi-square results indicate significant differences across the generational age groups in all domains with the greatest distinctions pertaining to preferences in housing, outdoor spaces, employment, and participation in varied social activities. The perceptions expressed by Boomer-aged adults portend implications ahead for multiple sectors and features of community life.
Anti-inflammatory effect of rosuvastatin using diblock amphiphilic copolymer: Synthesis, characterization, in vitro and in vivo study
Authors: Aghajanzadeh Mozhgan , Ghannad Farhang , Zamani Mostafa , Andalib Sina , Danafar Hossein
Published: May 2019

In this study, we synthesized methoxy poly(ethylene glycol)-poly(ε-caprolactone) diblock copolymers as water soluble nanocarriers to investigate the in vivo anti-inflammatory characteristic of rosuvastatin-loaded nanocarriers. For determining the structure of prepared nanocarriers, we used proton nuclear magnetic resonance, gel permeation chromatography, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, atomic force microscopy, and dynamic scanning calorimetry method. Nano-precipitation method was used for loading of rosuvastatin into copolymeric nanocarriers. The goal of this study is investigation of the anti-inflammatory effects of rosuvastatin-loaded nanocarriers in comparison with indomethacin. The paw edema thickness was measured during 4 h after gavage of nanocarriers in acute inflammation-induced rats, and the ability of nanocarriers to inhibit the edema was calculated. Rosuvastatin was loaded in nanocarriers with a loading capacity of 9.38 ± 0.96% and an encapsulation efficiency of 62.50 ± 0.84%; moreover, rosuvastatin and rosuvastatin nanocarriers displayed considerable anti-inflammatory activity in this study. This study indicated that rosuvastatin and rosuvastatin nanocarriers have anti-inflammatory characteristic and we can conclude that in addition to lipid lowering affect, statins have potential for anti-inflammatory activity.
Synergistic Effects of Psychological Intimate Partner Violence Exposure and Gender Discrimination on Postnatal Mental Health Trajectories
Authors: Dawson Danyelle N. , Volpe Vanessa V. , Laurent Heidemarie K.
Published: May 2019

While the literature examining physical intimate partner violence (IPV) is extensive, the impact of psychological IPV on mental health during high-risk times such as the period following childbirth is not well understood. The current study examined associations between psychological IPV and the course and severity of women’s postnatal mental health symptoms (depression, anxiety, and trauma symptoms). Both main effects of psychological IPV exposure and possible exacerbation by broader social victimization (i.e., gender discrimination) were considered. Participants were 76 mothers from a larger longitudinal study, who completed self-report measures of IPV, gender discrimination, and affective symptoms at 3, 6, 12, and 18 months postnatal. Hierarchical linear modeling revealed a main effect of psychological IPV on the course of trauma symptoms only. As hypothesized, gender discrimination moderated the effect of psychological IPV on all symptom trajectories in a synergistic manner. At moderate to high levels of gender discrimination only, psychological IPV predicted higher affective symptom severity and an escalating course of postnatal anxiety symptoms. These findings underscore the importance of expanding current conceptualizations of IPV impacts to incorporate relevant aspects of individuals’ social-ecological context. Future directions and implications for prevention and intervention are discussed.