bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Transnational Women Writers in the Wilmot Coterie, 1798-1840
Authors: Wolf Alexis
Published: January 2025

Highlights the centrality of non-canonical, middle-ranking women writers to the production of literature and culture in Britain, Ireland, Europe and Russia in the late eighteenth century.

The Irish writers and editors Katherine (1773-1824) and Martha Wilmot (1775-1873) left a unique record of middle-ranking women's literary practices and experiences of travel in the late eighteenth and early nineteenth century. Their manuscripts are notable for their vivid portrayal of the era's political conflicts, capturing a flight from Ireland during the Irish Rebellion (1798), time spent in Paris during the Peace of Amiens (1801-03), and extended residences in Russia during the Napoleonic Wars. However, in their accounts of these key European events, the Wilmots' manuscripts, and published work, showcase their participation in a startling range of self-educating activities, including travel writing, biography, antiquarianism, early ethnographic observation, language acquisition, translation practices and editorial work.

Taking an interdisciplinary approach, this book explores the collaborative relationships formed by women participating in cosmopolitan networks beyond the typical locations of the Grand Tour. Across their travels, the sisters met, engaged with, and learned from numerous key women of the time, including Princess Ekaterina Dashkova, Margaret King, Lady Mount Cashell and Helen Maria Williams. In this first full-length study to focus on the literary and cultural exchanges surrounding the Wilmot sisters, Wolf showcases how manuscript circulation, coterie engagement and transnational travel provided avenues for women to engage with the intellectual discourses from which they were often excluded.
The Universities of Scotland, Ireland, and New England during the British Civil Wars
Authors: Cipriano Salvatore
Published: January 2025

Highlights the contested nature of higher education in the British Atlantic world between the Reformation and the Enlightenment

Universities in the early modern period were powerful institutions in the formation of societies, utilised as both tools to legitimise and perpetuate the power of states and archetypes upon which to model an idealised society that might maintain social order. In an era of upheaval and civil war, rival authorities clashed in the universities, where the conflicts and complexities of early modern state formation were regularly laid bare.

The encroachment of the Stuart monarchy beyond England into Scottish and Irish academe stimulated broader resistance from Scottish and Irish authorities, while prompting the founding of institutions of higher learning among expatriate communities beyond the British Isles, especially in New England. In these spaces, universities were viewed as institutional bulwarks against external intrusions that promoted localised, competing visions of the godly church and state amid the conflicts and complexities of early modern state formation.

This book provides new insight into the contested nature of higher education in the British Atlantic world between the Reformation and the Enlightenment and corrects outmoded notions about the universities' purported insularity and intellectual poverty. Rather, the image that emerges of these universities is one of genuine academies of strategic importance, employed to serve the agendas of ruling powers in Scotland, Ireland, and New England. Trinity College, Dublin, Harvard College, and the Scottish universities existed on the frontiers of a deteriorating composite monarchy with a centralizing impulse, becoming battle grounds of the mid-seventeenth-century's intellectual, political, and religious conflicts.

SALVATORE CIPRIANO is Associate Director of Career Coaching and Education, Stanford University. He holds a Ph.D. in Early Modern European History from Fordham University.
Slave Emancipation, Christian Communities, and Dissent in Post-Abolition Tanzania, 1878-1978
Authors: Nyanto Salvatory S.
Published: January 2025

The first historical account of the dramatic growth of Christianity in Western Tanzania during the twentieth century and of the role of former slaves in this process.

Examining the intersection of post-slavery and evangelism, this book shows the ways that former slaves from a variety of linguistic and cultural backgrounds came together to create new communities in the Christian missions of western Tanzania. It shows how converts adapted to Christianity and, at the same time, shaped it through their translations of the Bible and other religious texts into the Kinyamwezi language, integrating concepts from their own cultures and experiences of slavery. Working as teachers, pastors, and catechists, former slaves and their descendants laid the basis for the growth of African Christianity in the region, and the book pays particular attention to women's agency in creating spaces for negotiating kinship ties and mutual relations with the wider communities. It also delves into the range of missionary sources to show the experience of lay Christians who opposed religious authority in Catholic and Moravian missions, examining the division caused by catechists' demands for equality of status, recognition, and appropriate pay in the context of ujamaa and the turmoil brought about by the revival movement. Through narratives of religious experience from multiple missions and village outstations, the book shows how former slaves created a Kinyamwezi-speaking Christian culture, taking inspiration both from European missionaries and neighbouring African villagers, and became part of evolving rural communities in the inter-war period, enabling their descendants to achieve a significant degree of social mobility.
Music in Edwardian London
Authors: McVeigh Simon
Published: January 2025

Traversing London's musical culture, this book boldly illuminates the emergence of Edwardian London as a beacon of musical innovation.

The dawning of a new century saw London emerge as a hub in a fast-developing global music industry, mirroring Britain's pivotal position between the continent, the Americas and the British Empire. It was a period of expansion, experiment and entrepreneurial energy. Rather than conservative and inward-looking, London was invigorated by new ideas, from pioneering musical comedy and revue to the modernist departures of Debussy and Stravinsky. Meanwhile, Elgar, Holst, Vaughan Williams, and a host of ambitious younger composers sought to reposition British music in a rapidly evolving soundscape.

Music was central to society at every level. Just as opulent theatres proliferated in the West End, concert life was revitalised by new symphony orchestras, by the Queen's Hall promenade concerts, and by Sunday concerts at the vast Albert Hall. Through innumerable band and gramophone concerts in the parks, music from Wagner to Irving Berlin became available as never before.

The book envisions a burgeoning urban culture through a series of snapshots - daily musical life in all its messy diversity. While tackling themes of cosmopolitanism and nationalism, high and low brows, centres and peripheries, it evokes contemporary voices and characterful individuals to illuminate the period. Challenging issues include the barriers faced by women and people of colour, and attitudes inhibiting the new generation of British composers - not to mention embedded imperialist ideologies reflecting London's precarious position at the centre of Empire.

Engagingly written, Simon McVeigh's groundbreaking book reveals the exhilarating transformation of music in Edwardian London, which laid the foundations for the century to come.
Urbanización y turismo en territorio costero: Un análisis en La Serena-Coquimbo (Chile) e Itajaí-Balneário Camboriú (Brasil)
Authors:   Universidad Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brasil., Almeida Igor , Romero Hugo ,   Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile., Reis Almir ,   Universidad Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brasil.
Published: January 2025

La urbanización turística es una importante expresión urbana de la contemporaneidad, principalmente en las zonas costeras tropicales. A partir de esa realidad, proponemos un análisis espaciotemporal en dos conurbaciones costeras de porte medio en Latinoamérica: La Serena-Coquimbo (Chile) e Itajaí-Balneário Camboriú (Brasil), que involucran la expansión urbana impulsada por el turismo. El análisis propuesto considera las respectivas tipologías edilicias originadas por las conurbaciones indicadas y los efectos que ellas han ocasionado en el medioambiente urbano. Realizamos el reconocimiento espacial de la urbanización entre las décadas de 1950 y 2020, identificando las zonas no turísticas y turísticas. En esta perspectiva, se consideran zonas turísticas aquellos espacios urbanos costeros que surgieron a partir de la segunda mitad del siglo XX y que presentan alta proporción de viviendas ocasionales. Los resultados apuntan a que la urbanización turística tiende a intensificar la fragmentación, la gentrificación y la pérdida de paisajes naturales, pues adopta formas constructivas y de ocupación disonantes con el lugar, su paisaje y su realidad social.
Unveiling the path to success: critical factors for success and failure of university startups
Authors: Dall'Agnol Mateus , Pereira Gabrielly de Queiroz , Cziulik Carlos , Pilatti Luiz Alberto
Published: January 2025

This study aims to identify the factors that influence the success and failure of university-incubated startups. A systematic review methodology based on the Methodi Ordinatio framework was employed. The research was conducted on the Science Direct, Scopus, and Web of Science databases, totaling 108 articles. After removing duplicates and articles unrelated to the theme, 43 studies remained. Applying the InOrdinatio equation refined the selection to 30 articles, reaching the saturation point of the research corpus. It was found that the maturity of innovation departments, entrepreneurial culture, intellectual property management, institutional adaptability, entrepreneurship-oriented education, gender equity, and governmental support are essential for the success of these startups. Conversely, the main challenges to failure include legal difficulties, the need to enhance educational and institutional support, restricted access to funding, the absence of mentoring networks, and the importance of aligning universities with the broader entrepreneurial ecosystem. It is concluded that the success of university-incubated startups results from a multifactorial set, essentially depending on an integrated innovative ecosystem, institutional and governmental support, and robust entrepreneurial training. At the same time, failure often reflects inadequate funding and mentorship.
Manual de transferência de tecnologia: uma proposta para os NITs - Núcleos de Inovação Tecnológica
Authors: Ribeiro Roberto Rivelino Martins , Negri Aline de Freitas Coelho , Borges Iasmini Magnes Turci
Published: January 2025

O presente documento trata da análise do processo de construção do manual de transferência de tecnologia direcionado ao público interno da agência de inovação tecnológica (AINTEC) – Escritório de Transferência de Tecnologia (ETT) da Universidade Estadual de Londrina (UEL). Assim, a metodologia adotada envolveu uma pesquisa qualitativa com entrevistas em profundidade e observação pessoal visando maior entendimento do grau de maturidade dos processos administrativos. E, com os resultados obtidos desenvolvidas as ferramentas de gestão: matriz SWOT, matriz de responsabilidade dos colaboradores e quadro de modelo de negócios CANVAS. Esta metodologia propiciará a estruturação do manual modelo-mapa de processos sintetizado. Por fim, buscou-se enaltecer a possibilidade de estudos posteriores, revisão, estruturação e aperfeiçoamento para maior eficiência e agilidade na entrega dos serviços junto aos diferentes públicos. De modo a criar instrumentos para resolver a lacuna existente entre a iniciativa pública e privada, fomentar a inovação e estimular o empreendedorismo inovador local.
Epigenetic Mechanisms in Type-2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Narrative Review
Authors: Ashok Deenadhayalan , Prasad Monisha , Fareed Mohammad , Chaudhary Anis Ahmad
Published: January 2025

The incidence of Type-2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) has increased significantly in the last several decades, which is an important challenge for health professionals and researchers. The systems that mediate the interaction between environmental factors and the genes, such as epigenetics, may have a specific bearing on the aetiology of T2DM. With an emphasise on the part that epigenetics plays in the pathophysiology of T2DM, the present study attempts to give a thorough overview of the mechanisms behind disease initiation, possible biomarkers, and the consequences for T2DM. The findings suggest that β-cell malfunction, insulin resistance, and other metabolic abnormalities connected to T2DM are related to epigenetic alterations, which include histone modifications, Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA) methylation, and non coding Ribonucleic Acids (RNAs). Environmental factors that impact the development and course of the disease, including nutrition, exercise and pollution exposure, also have an impact on these epigenetic modifications. Knowing the complex interactions among genetics, epigenetics and environment is essential to pinpointing the precise aetiology of T2DM and creating customised treatment regimens. Epigenetic biomarkers could be helpful for risk assessment, early diagnosis, and tailored therapy for people with T2DM who are at risk or who have already been diagnosed. Future research must concentrate on unravelling the mechanistic understanding of the epigenetic pathways of T2DM in order to enhance therapeutic treatment and delve deeper into the pathophysiology of the condition.
Empirical Study on Interdependence of Coffee Futures Prices and Farm Gate Prices in Major Coffee Producing Countries
Authors: Melawanki Mahantesh , B N Pradeepa Babu , Vedamurthy K B
Published: January 2025

Coffee is an export-oriented commodity for producing countries, and it is actively traded at international commodity exchange platforms viz., Intercontinental Exchange (ICE), New York and ICE Europe. This study examined the interrelationship between futures and farm gate coffee prices in major coffee producing countries. The study substantiates the presence of a stable long-run relationship between ICE coffee futures prices and farm gate prices (spot prices) in top coffee producing countries, inferring that both futures and spot prices react to the same set of market information. While, there is an indication of equilibrium between ICE Coffee futures (New York) and Arabica producer prices (at farm gate level) & ICE Coffee futures (Europe) and Robusta producer prices (at farm gate level). According to the study results, farm gate prices in Honduras, India and Uganda were dependent on ICE Futures prices, while Arabica farm gate prices in Brazil have substantial influence on the ICE New York futures price. The study results reveals that, Brazil with the lion share in global arabica coffee production, is the price maker in the international market. While, India and Uganda with the low share in global coffee production are basically ‘price takers’ rather than ‘price makers’ in the international market.
Effect of Telfairia occidentalis Stem Extract and Fractions on Parasitaemia, Oxidative Stress Markers, Lipid Profile, Hematological Parameters, Liver Function Indices and Liver Histology in Plasmodium berghei Infected Mice
Authors: Okokon Jude Efiom , Osigwe Chinyelu C. , Andrew Ukeme Essien , Florence Uwaeme Ugonma , Udobang John A , Ise Uduak P.
Published: January 2025

Telfairia occidentalis Hook (Cucurbitaceae family) is a pumpkin widely used for dietary purposes and in traditional healthcare by Ibibios of Nigeria, as remedy for   various diseases such as malaria, diabetes, pains among others. Telfairia occidentalis stem extract and fractions activities were assessed in mice for effect on parasitaemia, hematological parameters, oxidative stress, lipid profile, liver function parameters and liver histopathology in Plasmodium berghei-infected mice employing curative test method. The stem extract (200- 600 mg/kg, p.o.)  demonstrated significant (p<0.05) dose-related antiplasmodial activity against P. berghei infection and n-hexane fraction was the most potent fraction.  The extract/fractions administration showed no effect on any blood parameters except elevation of WBC counts and neutrophil percentages in groups administered with 400 and 600 mg/kg of the extract. The extract/fractions administration had no significant (p<0.05) effect on indices of lipid profile, oxidative stress and liver function of the infected mice relative to control, although there were observable changes. Histology of liver sections revealed moderate decreases in the number of pathological signs observed in the treated infected mice especially in mice groups administered with extract (200,400 and 600 mg/kg) and hexane fraction respectively relative to control infected mice.  These findings demonstrate that the stem extract/fractions of Telfairia occidentalis can exert moderate antioxidative stress and liver protective activities due to the low doses used and activities of its phytochemical constituents which could be beneficial in malaria therapy. Further study with higher doses of the extract is recommended.
The Impact of Financial Structure and Director Diversity on Financial Performance: The Mediating Role of Intellectual Capital in Indonesia’s Financial Sector
Authors: Shara Lizza Oktiani , Purwidianti Wida , Innayah Maulida Nurul , Arofah Rifka Utami
Published: January 2025

Aims: Corporate performance management is very important in supporting the achievement of organizational goals. This research investigates how financial structure and board diversity influence financial performance, with intellectual capital serving as a mediating factor.
Study Design: This study is a quantitative analysis that employs a purposive sampling approach to investigate companies in the financial services sector listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) from 2020 to 2023.
Methodology: This study used 104 companies as the population, and 30 companies with 82 data were used as the sample. The analysis technique used was the classic assumption test, regression analysis, and SobelSobel test on SPSS 26.
Conclusion and Recommendations: The study revealed that financial structure positively influences intellectual capital, whereas gender diversity has no effect, and nationality diversity negatively impacts intellectual capital. Additionally, intellectual capital positively affects financial performance and serves as a mediator between financial structure and financial performance; however, it does not mediate the relationship with gender diversity and negatively mediates the relationship with nationality diversity. These results align with agency theory and the resource-based view, highlighting the significance of effectively managing intellectual capital to enhance financial performance. In conclusion, companies should focus on managing diversity and resources to attain a competitive advantage.
Evaluation of the Effect of Various Substrates on the Attachment of Juvenile Brown Mussel (Mytilopsis adamsi)
Authors: Prapti Az-Zahra Nandia , Diniarti Nanda , Priyambodo Bayu
Published: January 2025

Brown mussel (Mytilopsis adamsi) is a potential alternative feed for lobster and crustacean aquaculture in Indonesia, with a balanced nutritional content of 13.29% protein and 80.30% water content, and does not compete with human food needs. This study was conducted because brown mussels are not consumed by humans so they can be concentrated as lobster feed without competing food sources. Cultivating brown mussels is expected to increase lobster productivity in Indonesia and provide consistent fresh feed for cultured lobsters. The development of brown mussels as lobster feed is also encouraged by the Ministry of Marine Affairs and Fisheries (KKP) to overcome the problem of inconsistent feed supply and improve feed quality for lobsters. This study aimed to assess the effect of four types of substrates (80% paranet, PE rope, white net, and paris cloth) on the attachment of juvenile brown mussels for 30 days at BPBL West Lombok, using a completely randomized design with 6 replicates. The results showed that PE rope had the highest attachment density in the water column (1.62 fish/cm2) and at the bottom of the container (6.91 fish/cm2). The absolute growth rate was recorded in white netting (860 µm for AP length and 1630.17 µm for DV), while the highest specific growth rate was found in paris cloth for AP (0.154%/day) and PE rope for DV (0.186%/day). It can be concluded that the study showed that PE rope was the best substrate in terms of density. White Net excelled in the absolute growth of brown mussel juveniles. Fabric stood out for AP length-specific growth rate, while rope performed best for DV-specific growth rate. The substrate at the bottom of the container consistently gave better results than that in the water column. Further research is recommended to assess the effect of varying attachment density on other substrate types, as well as longer rearing duration.
Major Depression in Chronic Kidney Disease Patients Attending the Renal Clinic in a Teaching Hospital in Port Harcourt Nigeria
Authors: Solomon Enyidah Nonyenim , Jenewari Eleki Beniboba , Esther Nonye-Enyidah Ijeoma , Awopola Jumbo , Juliet. Amadi Owajimam
Published: January 2025

Background: Depression is the commonest mental disorder associated with chronic disorders such as chronic kidney disease (CKD), cancer, hypertension and diabetes. This study is aimed at analyzing depression, focusing on prevalence, its predictors and associated factors in CKD patients
Methods: Using a convenient sampling approach, patients attending the renal clinic in a teaching hospital between February and September 2024, who met the inclusion criteria were recruited into the study. Data was collected via interviewer administered approach and examination of the medical records of the 200 participants. Socio-demographic data was obtained and the “Patients Health Questionnaire (PHQ)-9” was used as the instrument for depression related data.
Results: The patients were predominantly males (n=115;57%). Majority of the patients n=82;41% were of low socioeconomic class and 30% had no financial support. Hypertension was the leading comorbidity 62%. The mean depression (PHQ-9) score was 7.10+5.202, with 126(63%) having depressive symptoms out of which 55(43.7%) had major depression (PHQ>10). 71(56.3%) had mild depression, 32(25.4%) had moderate, 21(16.7%) had moderate to severe depression, while 2(1.6%) had severe depression. Nine of the variables showed significant association (p=.05) with depression, out of which, employment OR:8.56 p=.001, financial support p=.001, CKD stages OR: 64,742 p=.003 and medication dependence OR: 3.661 p=0,009 were predictive.
Conclusion: Major depression is of high prevalence in patients with CKD. Low income and lack of financial support play significant role in major depression.  Functional social support and routine screening for depression are strongly recommended.
Biological Characteristics and Life Cycle of the Neem Looper, Cleora cornaria (Lepidoptera: Geometridae) in Jalgaon District, North Maharashtra, India
Authors: Sawarkar Arun Baburao
Published: January 2025

The present investigation was conducted on the biological characteristics and life cycle of the neem looper, Cleora cornaria (Lepidoptera: Geometridae) from September 2021 to November 2024 in the Jalgaon district, North Maharashtra. This study revealed that the life stages of looper comprised four distinct phases viz., egg, larva, pupa, and adult. The egg incubation period ranged from two to four days. Five instars were identified during larval development, with an average duration of 15-22 days. Non-feeding pupal stages were observed in soil and plant debris. The pupal period varied from 11 to 15 days. Adult females exhibited larger body lengths and wing spans than males. The lifespan of males was observed to be 6.3±1.16 days (range 5-8 days), while female longevity was 10.3±1.16 days (range 9-12 days). This study aimed to provide a comprehensive understanding of the biology of the pest, including its developmental stages, to enhance pest management strategies for its impact on neem plant.
Exploring Genetic Diversity and Variation in Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L. Moench): A Comprehensive Study on Cultivars
Authors: Syfullah Khalid , Islam Mohammad Saiful , Jahan Nusrat , Haque MD. Imdadul , Manik MD. Mahmudul Hasan , Afrose Samia Nur , Bashar MD. Abul , Joha MD Ruhul Kuddus , Sharmin Shabrina
Published: January 2025

Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L.), a nutritionally and economically significant vegetable crop, suffers from low productivity due to limited genetic improvement efforts. The lack of comprehensive genetic diversity studies hampers the development of high-yielding, stress-tolerant cultivars. This study aims to evaluate genetic variability, heritability, and genetic diversity among 28 okra genotypes using key agronomic traits such as plant height, fruit yield, and seed weight. Principal component analysis (PCA) and Euclidean distance were employed to assess genetic variation and identify promising genotypes for breeding.
The analysis revealed significant variability among genotypes, with genetic diversity ranging from 0.19 to 4.09. Genotypes G1 and G28 exhibited the greatest genetic distance, indicating their suitability as parents for hybridization. PCA identified five principal components that explained 80.67% of the total variation, with plant height, fruit weight, and seeds per pod contributing most to the genetic divergence. High heritability estimates for traits like plant height and fruit yield suggested the predominance of additive genetic effects, making these traits ideal for selection in breeding programs. Genotypes G1 and G18 were identified for early maturity and high yield, while G6 and G20 were noted for reduced seed content, making them suitable for processing-oriented breeding.
This study underscores the importance of genetic diversity in enhancing okra productivity. By identifying superior genotypes and quantifying their genetic variation, the findings provide a framework for the development of resilient, high-yielding okra varieties tailored to diverse agro-climatic conditions.
Determining the Effect of Different Organic Nutrient Sources on the Growth and Yield of Radish (Raphanus sativus L.)
Authors: Gautam Sonu , Shrestha Karuna , Shrestha Samiksha , Shrestha Aman
Published: January 2025

Indiscriminate use of chemical fertilizers is a common practice which is hazardous both for soil health and environment. Chemical fertilizers have been widely used due to their immediate availability of nutrients; however, their long-term effects on soil and crop sustainability necessitate alternatives such as organic fertilizers. It has been more than three decades that global agriculture has been depicted towards organic agriculture owing to sustainability and reduced environmental effects. A field experiment was conducted at Institute of Agriculture and Animal Science (IAAS), Lamjung Campus from December 2022 to February 2023, with the objective to study the effect of various sources of organic manure on the growth and yield of radish.  The experiment was conducted in Randomized Complete Design using 7 treatments (Control, Farm Yard Manure(FYM), Poultry Manure(PM), Goat Manure, FYM + Poultry Manure, FYM + Goat Manure, Poultry Manure + Goat Manure) with 3 replications of each. Tokinashi variety of radish was used in the experiment. Radish is an important root vegetable known for its nutritional value and quick growth cycle, making it a key crop for studying the impacts of organic manure. Experiment was done in field with the plot size of (2 x 1) m² and spacings of 30 cm x 20 cm with the total land area of 90 m². The growth and yield of radish were significantly affected by the different treatments. The highest total root yield (204.33) and biological yield (263.67) was found in Poultry manure. The study suggested that the application of poultry manure was more beneficial and resulted in significantly better growth and yield performance of radish.
Interspecific Hybridization between Gossypium hirsutum (American Cotton) and Gossypium barbadense (Egyptian Cotton) for Quality Improvement
Authors: Joha Md Ruhul Kuddus , Turin Mst Tanjina Shahnaj , Jahan Nusrat , Rahman Md.Naimur , Syfullah Khalid
Published: January 2025

Cotton (Gossypium spp.) is a globally important cash crop, valued for its fiber and economic contributions to the textile industry. This study investigated the variability, heritability, and genetic advance of yield-related traits in interspecific hybrids of American (G. hirsutum) and Egyptian (G. barbadense) cotton. Using a randomized complete block design, 28 hybrids were evaluated for traits such as seed cotton yield, plant height, bolls per plant, and boll weight. Significant genetic variability was observed among hybrids, with high heritability estimates for seed cotton yield (96.84%), plant height (93.51%), and bolls per plant (76.44%), coupled with moderate genetic advance, suggesting additive gene action. Regression analysis revealed that the number of bolls emasculated and pollinated significantly influenced total seed production, with coefficients of determination (R²) of 0.5924 and 0.5102, respectively. The hybrid JA-08/A × JA-12/203 demonstrated superior crossability (100%) and seed production, making it a promising candidate for breeding programs. These findings emphasize the potential for exploiting genetic variability and hybrid vigor to develop high-yielding and high-quality cotton varieties.
Applications of Drone for Crop Disease Detection and Monitoring: A Review
Authors: Lajurkar Manik R. , Barve Aniruddha N. , Waghmare S. J. , Karande R. A. , Kharbade S. B. , Bagde A. S. , Sathe Snehal N.
Published: January 2025

Crop diseases are one of the major threats to global food production. The different crop diseases result in significant yield losses, where their effective monitoring and accurate early identification techniques are considered crucial to ensure stable and reliable crop productivity and food security. Restricting and managing the disease's spread and lowering the cost of pesticides require effective plant pathogen monitoring and detection. If not used in the early stages of pathogenesis, traditional techniques such as molecular and serological methods—which are frequently employed for plant disease detection—are frequently ineffective. Conversely, drone-based remote sensing methods are highly successful in quickly detecting plant diseases in their early stages. Recent advances in remote sensing technology and data processing have propelled unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) into valuable tools for obtaining detailed data on plant diseases with high spatial, temporal, and spectral resolution. Drones have many potential uses in agriculture, including reducing manual labor and increasing productivity. Recent advances in drones and deep learning-based computer vision algorithms to identify crop diseases, providing early warning thereby allowing farmers to prevent costly crop failures and improve food production.
Enhancing Agriculture through Wireless Sensor Networks
Authors: Sahu Manisha , Victor V.M.
Published: January 2025

Solar-powered wireless sensor networks (WSNs) play a crucial role in modern agriculture, enhancing crop yield and quality while reducing labor requirements. By employing sensors and communication technologies like ZigBee and Bluetooth, these networks collect real-time data on various environmental parameters, facilitating remote monitoring and prompt action by farmers. Leveraging solar energy through photovoltaic (PV) systems, these WSNs ensure sustained power supply, enabling autonomous operation even in remote areas. Recent studies highlight the effectiveness of solar-powered WSNs in diverse agricultural applications such as automated irrigation, soil sensing, and weather monitoring. Integration of PV technology with WSNs offers simplicity in installation and long-term energy sustainability, making them an attractive choice for farmers seeking efficient and self-sustained agricultural practices.
Effect of Different Nitrogen Levels on Growth, Yield, and Nitrogen Use Efficiency (NUE) of Hardinath Hybrid Dhan-1 in Madhesh Province, Nepal
Authors: Gyawali Chetan , Upadhayaya Bidhan Tiwari , Pokharel Bhanu , Pandey Bisheshwor Prasad , Gyawaly Pankaj , Moi Tapas
Published: January 2025

Determining the optimum dose of nitrogen fertilizer application for hybrid rice is vital for boosting production and productivity of rice. Therefore, this study examines the effect of different nitrogen levels on the growth, yield, and nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) of Hardinath Hybrid Dhan-1 in Madhesh Province, Nepal. A field experiment conducted in 2020 at the National Rice Research Program, Hardinath, Dhanusha tested six nitrogen levels (0, 75, 100, 125, 150, and 175 kg ha-1) with four replications under Randomized Complete Block Design during rainy season (June-September). The results showed that nitrogen application significantly improved plant growth and yield, with the highest grain yield (4.99 t ha-1) achieved at 150 kg N ha-1. Increasing nitrogen beyond this level did not further boost yield, indicating that excessive nitrogen does not improve productivity. Nitrogen use and agronomic efficiency were also highest at 150 kg N ha-1, marking it as the ideal rate for optimal rice performance. Soil health, in terms of organic matter and nutrient availability, improved with higher nitrogen levels, while the highest nitrogen uptake occurred at 175 kg N ha-1. In conclusion, 150 kg N ha-1 is recommended as the optimal nitrogen level to enhance hybrid rice yield and NUE, promoting sustainable rice production in the region. These findings highlight the need for optimal nitrogen management to improve crop yield and soil properties while minimizing environmental impact.
Genetic Variability and Genetic Advance Studies for Bulb Yield and Its Components of Different Mutant Lines of Garlic (Allium sativum L.)
Authors: Gupta Ayusha , Sharma Pravin Kumar
Published: January 2025

This study aims to study aims to evaluate the genetic variability and genetic advance for bulb yield and components of different mutant lines of Garlic (Allium sativum L.) under Chhattisgarh plains. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Block design with three replications 21 mutant lines viz., IG C-1, IG C-2, IG C-3, local check, IG M-2021-1, IG M-2021-2, IG M-2021-3, IG M-2021-4, IG M-2021-5, IG M-2021-6, IG M-2021-7, IG M-2021-8, IG M-2021-9, IG M-2021-10, IG M-2021-11, IG M-2021-12, IG M-2021-13, IG M-2021-14, IG M-2021-15, IG M-2021-16, IG M-2021-17. Data were analyzed to work out performance of mutant lines, to assess genetic variability, heritability, genetic advance. The character taken under study include plant height (cm), number of leaves, collar height (cm), collar thickness (cm), fourth leaf length (cm), fourth leaf width (cm), polar diameter (cm), equatorial diameter (cm), neck thickness (cm), number of cloves, average weight of bulb (g), TSS, days to maturity, weight of ten outer cloves (g), marketable yield (t ha-1), total yield (t ha-1). Estimates of genetic parameters for various character under study revealed that high genotypic co-efficient of variation was found in general compared to phenotypic co-efficient of variation. Heritability estimates under present investigation ranged from moderate to high. High heritability estimates recorded for collar height, weight of outer ten cloves, marketable yield, total yield. High heritability coupled with high genetic advance was recorded for collar height, marketable yield and bulb yield.
Impact of Different Rice-based Cropping Systems on Soil Biological Properties and Soil Enzymes under Irrigated Conditions of Eastern Uttar Pradesh, India
Authors: Pandey Pragati , Kumar Neeraj , Kumar Robin , Kumar Umesh
Published: January 2025

A field experiment was planned and conducted during the Rainy (Kharif) and winter (Rabi) seasons of 2021-22 and in the Summer (Zaid) season of 2022 at Agronomy Research Farm, Acharya Narendra Deva University of Agriculture & Technology, Kumarganj, Ayodhya (U.P.) to investigate the impact of different rice-based cropping systems on soil biological properties under irrigated conditions of eastern U.P. The experiment was designed using a randomized block design with three replications and ten treatments. T1 Rice(Oryza sativa L.)-Wheat(Triticum aestivum L.)-Fallow, T2 Rice-Wheat-Green gram(Vigna radiata L.), T3 Rice-French bean(Phaseolus vulgaris L.)-Green gram, T4 Rice-Chickpea(Cicer arietinum L.)-Cowpea(Vigna unguiculata L.), T5 Rice-Mustard (Brassica juncea L.)-Green gram, T6 Rice-Linseed(Linum usitissimum L.)-Black gram(Vigna Mungo L.), T7 Rice-Berseem(Trifolium alexandrium L.)-Sorghum( Sorghum Bicolor L.), T8 Rice-Oat(Avena Sativa L.)-Maize(Zea Mays L.)+Cowpea, T9 Rice-Cauliflower(Brassica Oleracea L.)-Okra(Abelmoschus esculentus L.), T10 Rice-Potato(Solanum tuberosum L.)-Cowpea. The soil of the experimental field was silty loam in texture, soil was slightly alkaline in reaction, low in organic carbon and available nitrogen and medium in available phosphorus and potassium. The growth of bacteria (11.68 x 106 cfu g-1 ), fungi (6.55 x 105 sfu g-1) and actinomycetes (7.15 x 104 cfu g-1) was found to be highest in T10 Rice-Potato-Cowpea cropping system. In this investigation, the microbial population was higher under the treatments in which high doses of nitrogen and crop residues were applied.  The activity of dehydrogenase enzyme (153.68 µg TPF g-1 soil day-1), urease (217.33 µg urea g-1 soil hr-1) and alkaline phosphate (163.96 µg p-nitrophenol g-1 hr-1) was found significantly higher in T4 (Rice-chickpea-cowpea) cropping system in comparison with the other cropping system.
Exploring Silkworm Litter as a Liquid Manure: A Key to Boost Mulberry Growth and Productivity
Authors: V Shravanilakshmi , Kallimani C S , K S Vinoda , C Doreswamy , N N Asha
Published: January 2025

Mulberry (Morus spp.) is the primary food source for silkworm, Bombyx mori L. Mulberry growth and nutritional quality are critical for successful sericulture. With the increasing demand for sustainable agricultural practices particularly in rearing silkworms with chemical free mulberry leaves, the use of organic inputs has gained attention as an alternative to synthetic fertilizers. Silkworm litter, a by-product of silkworm rearing is rich in organic matter and essential nutrients, making it a potential resource for recycling into organic manure. This study explores the effectiveness of silkworm litter based liquid organic manure (SLLM) at different doses along with Recommended Dose of Fertilizers (RDF) in improving the growth, yield and nutritional quality of mulberry. The treatment RDF + Soil drenching of 250 l acre-1 of 20% SLLM at 10 Days after pruning (DAP) + Foliar spray of 150 l acre-1 of 10 % SLLM at 25 DAP (T9) recorded longest shoot length (89.36 cm and 133.28 cm), maximum shoots per plant (16.53 and 23.80), leaves per shoot (22.17 and 32.02), maximum leaf area (153.44 cm2 and 226.56 cm2) at 45 and 60 DAP, respectively and leaf yield (67.31 Tonnes ha-1 year-1). Leaf quality parameters such as total chlorophyll (2.37 mg g-1), crude protein (21.56 %) and carbohydrate content (20.26%) were also found superior in T9. This shows that SLLM being liquid manure contained nutrients in readily available form which has supplied the nutrients that are required for mulberry growth and development. Indicating enhanced mulberry growth, yield along with improved quality parameters.
Nanoparticle-Enriched Edible Coatings with Plant Extracts and Essential Oils for Extending Postharvest Quality of Fruits and Vegetables
Authors: Gidagiri Praveen , P. R. G. Lekshmi , S. Shameena
Published: January 2025

Fruits and vegetables are affected by postharvest diseases and physiological processes such as transpiration and respiration after harvest, leading to significant quality losses during transportation and storage. To control postharvest diseases and extend shelf life, synthetic fungicides are commonly used. However, the extensive use of these chemicals raises concerns about potential health risks, environmental impact, and the development of fungicide-resistant pathogens. Therefore, alternative approaches, such as edible coatings with plant extracts, essential oils and nanoparticles loaded with plant extracts are explored to address these challenges while maintaining quality and safety of fresh fruits and vegetables. Nanoparticles loaded with essential oils or plant extracts are synthesized using ionic gelation method, spontaneous emulsification, phase inversion temperature, emulsion inversion point, and solvent displacement methods etc. Nanoparticle enriched edible coating delivers plant compound gradually over time. This controlled release provides a consistent and long-lasting effect, effectively inhibiting microbial growth, slowing nutrient degradation, and reducing oxidative stress on the produce. The nanoscale size of these particles increases their surface area, enhancing their adhesion to the surface of fruits or vegetables. This results in a more efficient barrier against moisture loss and gas exchange, further preserving the quality and extending the shelf life of the produce. The synergistic effects of the nano-reinforced matrices show promising results in reducing post-harvest losses while maintaining food safety standards. This innovative approach holds immense potential for revolutionizing the postharvest management of fruits and vegetables by offering a safer, more sustainable alternative to synthetic fungicides. Future research should focus on optimizing the formulation and scalability of nanoparticle-enriched edible coatings, evaluating their efficacy across diverse produce types, and assessing their long-term safety and environmental impact. This review examines the current developments in edible coating technology, focusing on various plant extracts, essential oils, and nanoparticles loaded with plant extracts enriched edible coating for extending shelf life and preserving the quality of fruits and vegetables.
Effect of Organic, Inorganic and Natural Farming Practices on Microbial Activity at Rhizosphere in Cotton and Greengram Intercropping System
Authors: Arem Sravani , C. P Chandrashekara , M. P Potdar , Goudar Geeta D.
Published: January 2025

A field experiment was conducted during the kharif season 2021-22 at Natural Farming Project plot - E 131, Main Agricultural Research Station, UAS, Dharwad on clayey soils to study the effect of different farming practices and foliar application of different organic liquid manures on soil microbial activity of cotton+ greengram rhizosphere. The results revealed that maximum number of microbial populations viz., Bacteria (18.50, 59.22 and 33.83 ×105 cfu g soil-1 (cfu {colony forming unit}), fungi (4.67, 4.61 and 3.67 ×104  cfu g soil-1), actinomycetes (11.72, 9.61 and7.17 ×103 cfu g soil-1), N2 fixers (12.61, 19.61 and 17.44 ×105 cfu g soil-1) and PSM´S (6.94, 14.83 and 13.11 ×105 cfu g soil-1) at harvest stage of greengram, at 90 DAS and harvest stage of cotton was significantly found in organic farming practices. Among liquid organic manures, foliar application of Jeevamrutha @100 % recorded higher number of  bacteria (21.17, 61.67 and 35.83 ×105 cfu g soil-1), fungi (5.17, 6.17 and 5.17 ×104 cfu g soil-1), actinomycetes (12.83, 10.50 and 7.00 ×103 cfu g soil-1), N2 fixers (15.67, 21.33 and 18.50 ×105 cfu g soil-1) and PSM´S (8.50, 17.00 and 15.17 ×105 cfu g soil-1) at harvest stage of green gram, 90 DAS and harvest stage of cotton. When compared with recommended package of practices,  foliar application of Jeevamrutha @100 % under organic farming practices recorded higher number of bacteria (26.33, 64.00 and 36.33 ×105 cfu g soil-1), fungi (5.67, 6.67 and 5.67 ×104 cfu g soil-1), actinomycetes (13.67, 11.00 and 8.00 ×103 cfu g soil-1) and PSM´S (9.33, 18.00 and 16.33 ×105 cfu g soil-1) at harvest stage of greengram, at 90 DAS and harvest stage of cotton than all other treatments. Foliar application of vermiwash @ 20% recorded highest N2 fixers (23.67 and19.67 ×105 cfu g soil-1) at 90 DAS and harvest stage of cotton.
Inverted Papilloma of the Bulla Ethmoidalis: An Uncommon Epicenter for a Benign Yet Aggressive Tumor
Authors: Zuhairi Ainin Zahidah Binti Kamal , Rajet Khairul Azhar Bin M.
Published: January 2025

Inverted papillomas are benign tumours known for their locally aggressive behaviour, characterised by local tissue destruction, a high tendency to recur if resection is incomplete, and a risk of carcinomatous evolution into squamous cell carcinoma. Although most cases arise from the nasal wall and paranasal sinuses, inverted papillomas originating from the bulla ethmoidalis are exceedingly rare. We report the case of a 67-year-old man who presented with progressive right-sided nasal obstruction and rhinorrhoea. Imaging and histopathological findings confirmed the diagnosis of inverted papilloma arising from the right bulla ethmoidalis. Surgical excision was performed, and complete resection was achieved. The patient had an uneventful postoperative recovery, and follow-up will be crucial for monitoring potential recurrence. This case highlights the importance of early recognition, appropriate imaging, and thorough surgical planning in managing inverted papillomas, particularly in rare locations such as the bulla ethmoidalis, to ensure optimal outcomes and reduce the risk of recurrence and malignancy.
Analytic Determination of the Roller Length of a Hydraulic Jump in an Open Channel Flow Using a Bouncing Ball
Authors: Ozueigbo Okechuku
Published: January 2025

A hydraulic jump is a natural occurrence that occurs in spillways, rivers, and other open channel flows when water or other liquid flowing with a high velocity discharges into a region of lower velocity with an attendant abrupt rise in the liquid surface. Such a phenomenon, known as hydraulic jump, is normally accompanied by substantial dissipation of energy. Many researchers, in the past, focus attention in the numerical study of the hydraulic jump, under varied working situations. Few attempts are made to study the occurrence analytically. In this paper, the author studied the incident analytically using a bouncing ball to develop a model to examine the lengths of hydraulic jumps in a horizontal open channel flow. The model development is based on the laws of motion, the principles of impulse and momentum, and the classical hydraulic jump formula. The model was later verified with the roller length obtained from the series of experiments conducted in a large-size facility. The roller length that the new model estimated compared well with the experimental results conducted within the Froude number ranges of 2.00 and 16.00. The model is ease to use and its accuracy as determined by the Pearson correlation coefficient is between 0.93 and 1.00.