bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Validity and Reliability of the Swedish Version of the Gugging Swallowing Screen for use in Acute Stroke Care
Authors: Selg Jenny , Holmlund Thorbjörn , Jäghagen Eva Levring , McGreevy Jenny , Svanberg Sara , Wester Per , Hägglund Patricia
Published: May 2024

The purpose of this study was to cross-culturally validate the Swedish version of the Gugging Swallowing Screen (GUSS-S) for use in the acute phase of stroke. Further, to evaluate the inter-rater reliability between different healthcare professionals. GUSS was translated into Swedish using a forward-backward method followed by expert rating to obtain content validity. For criterion validity, the GUSS-S score was compared with Flexible Endoscopic Evaluation of Swallowing (FEES) assessed with the Penetration-Aspiration Scale (PAS) in acute stroke patients (≤ 96 h after stroke onset). Convergent validity was calculated by comparison with the Functional Oral Intake Scale (FOIS) as per the comprehensive FEES assessment, the Standardized Swallowing Assessment (SSA), and the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS). To evaluate inter-rater reliability, a nurse and a speech-language pathologist (SLP) independently assessed 30 patients. In total, 80 patients (32 women, median age 77 years (range 29–93) were included, mean 1.7 ± 0.9 days after admission. With a cut-off value of 14 points, the GUSS-S identified aspiration with a sensitivity of 100% and a specificity of 73% (area under the curve: 0.87, 95% CI 0.78–0.95). Spearman rank correlation showed very strong correlation between the GUSS-S and PAS (rs=-0.718, P = < 0.001) and FOIS (rs=0.720, P = 0.001) and strong correlation between the GUSS-S and SSA (rs=0.545, P = < 0.001) and NIHSS (rs=-0.447, P = 0.001). The inter-rater agreement for GUSS-S was substantial (Kw=0.67, P = < 0.001). The results indicate that the GUSS-S is a valid and reliable tool for the assessment of dysphagia in acute stroke patients by different healthcare professionals.
Development of a novel laboratory photodynamic therapy device: automated multi-mode LED system for optimum well-plate irradiation
Authors: Yildiz Mustafa Zahid , Kamanli Ali Furkan , Eskiler Gamze Güney , Tabakoğlu Haşim Özgür , Pala Muhammed Ali , Özdemir Ayla Eren
Published: May 2024

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a targeted treatment method that utilizes a photosensitizer (PS) to induce cytotoxicity in malignant and non-malignant tumors. Optimization of PDT requires investigation of the selectivity of PS for the target tissues, irradiating light source, irradiation wavelengths, fluence rate, fluence, illumination mode, and overall treatment plan. In this study, we developed the Multi-mode Automatized Well-plate PDT LED Laboratory Irradiation System (MAWPLIS), an innovative device that automates time-consuming well plate light dosage/PS dose measurement experiment. The careful control of LED current and temperature stabilization in the LED module allowed the system to achieve high optical output stability. The MAWPLIS was designed by integrating a 3-axis moving system and motion controller, a quick-switching LED controller unit equipped with interchangeable LED modules capable of employing multiple wavelengths, and a TEC system. The proposed system achieved high optical output stability (1 mW) within the range of 0-500 mW, high wavelength stability (5 nm) at 635 nm, and high temperature stability (0.2 °C) across all radiation modes. The system’s validation involved in vitro analysis using 5-ALA across varying concentrations, incubation periods, light exposures, and wavelengths in HT-29 colon cancer and WI-38 human lung fibroblast cell lines. Specifically, a combination of 405 nm and 635 nm wavelengths was selected to demonstrate enhanced strategies for colon cancer cell eradication and system validation. The MAWPLIS system represents a significant advancement in photodynamic therapy (PDT) research, offering automation and standardization of time-intensive experiments, high stability and precision, and improved PDT efficacy through dual-wavelength integration.
Exploring the impact of SEO-based ranking factors for voice queries through machine learning
Authors: Saeed Zafar , Aslam Fozia , Ghafoor Adnan , Umair Muhammad , Razzak Imran
Published: May 2024

The use of voice search is proliferating and expected to grow into the foreseeable future; this is why websites increasingly optimize their content associated with voice-based search to improve their ranking. In this era of rapid growth in voice search technology, it is a topical matter that needs research. Moreover, many predictions about its future excite the subject and require systematic investigation. This research aims to analyze important features that contribute to the SEO of webpages. Therefore, there is a need to examine various ranking factors that improve the ranking of the webpages for voice search queries on the Search Engine Results Page (SERP). This study consists of two phases. The first phase comprises systematic data acquisition and identifying important SEO-based ranking factors. The second phase includes a longitudinal case study to evaluate the impact and significance of identified factors. To achieve this goal, we conduct experiments on methodical combinations of features through machine learning algorithms such as Support Vector Machine, Logistic Regression, Naive Bayes Classifier, K-Nearest Neighbors, Decision Trees and Random Forest. Comparing results for multiple feature designs evaluates the contributing nature of specific features in SEO-based optimization for ranking. Results suggest the importance of the newly identified feature set (FF) outperforms baselines (EF and EFN) by a significant margin. A longitudinal case study on a blog over four months confirms that optimizing these features improves page ranking; therefore, webmasters must optimize these features while preparing the webpage.
Habitat context and functional growth traits explain alien plant invader impacts on native vegetation communities
Authors: Zeil-Rolfe Isabel , O’Loughlin Luke , Gooden Ben
Published: May 2024

Examining context-dependency of ecological impacts of alien plant invasions is critical to further understand the mechanisms driving impacts. We examined how different regional and local habitat contexts influence the abundance-impact associations of an invasive ground-creeper, Tradescantia fluminensis, in native forests across eastern New South Wales (NSW), Australia. Invader impacts were assessed using surveys of resident vegetation at 97 monitoring plots (5 m × 2 m) located at 14 sites, representing a gradient of T. fluminensis abundance. We modelled the association of T. fluminensis invasion with native species richness (number per plot) and foliage cover across two different habitat types (remnant vs replanted forests), two vegetation community types (wet sclerophyll vs river oak forests), and two regions (northern vs. southern NSW). We also modelled variation in native species responses amongst different functional growth forms. The negative associations of T. fluminensis and native species communities was more strongly explained by local site variables (i.e., habitat type, community type, plant growth form) than regional scales. Native richness reduced with invasion in river oak but not wet sclerophyll forest. Native richness also declined in remnant forest, although no effect of invasion was observed in replanted forest. Surprisingly, native species growth forms most like T. fluminensis (ground layer herbs, ferns) were more resistant to reductions in native richness compared to divergent forms (shrub, tree and woody vine recruits). This study highlights the need to explicitly consider local community and habitat context and functional representation of resident species when considering invader impacts and site-level management plans.
Simulating climate policies influences how laypersons evaluate the effectiveness of climate protection measures
Authors: Landmann Helen , Ziegler Wiebke , Gaschler Robert
Published: May 2024

Climate change simulations allow the experience of complex processes in rapid progression. Additionally, they hold the potential to enable citizens to quickly evaluate the impact of measures offered as political options to mitigate climate change. Taking En-roads as a test case, we investigated whether exposure to a web-based climate simulation influences laypersons’ views on effectiveness of such measures with an experiment in Germany (N = 271). High usability ratings ascertained that the simulation can be used by lay-persons without detailed support. In line with this, app usage was effective. Using the climate simulation led to higher self-efficacy with regard to being able to evaluate policies with the help of tools. Moreover, comparisons with the control group suggested that app usage affects beliefs about the impact of specific measures such as CO2 pricing. Taken together, the results suggest that online climate simulations such as En-roads can help inform and empower citizens in the process of mitigation of and adaptation to climate change.
Correlation of protein binding pocket properties with hits’ chemistries used in generation of ultra-large virtual libraries
Authors: Song Robert X. , Nicklaus Marc C. , Tarasova Nadya I.
Published: May 2024

Although the size of virtual libraries of synthesizable compounds is growing rapidly, we are still enumerating only tiny fractions of the drug-like chemical universe. Our capability to mine these newly generated libraries also lags their growth. That is why fragment-based approaches that utilize on-demand virtual combinatorial libraries are gaining popularity in drug discovery. These à la carte libraries utilize synthetic blocks found to be effective binders in parts of target protein pockets and a variety of reliable chemistries to connect them. There is, however, no data on the potential impact of the chemistries used for making on-demand libraries on the hit rates during virtual screening. There are also no rules to guide in the selection of these synthetic methods for production of custom libraries. We have used the SAVI (Synthetically Accessible Virtual Inventory) library, constructed using 53 reliable reaction types (transforms), to evaluate the impact of these chemistries on docking hit rates for 40 well-characterized protein pockets. The data shows that the virtual hit rates differ significantly for different chemistries with cross coupling reactions such as Sonogashira, Suzuki–Miyaura, Hiyama and Liebeskind–Srogl coupling producing the highest hit rates. Virtual hit rates appear to depend not only on the property of the formed chemical bond but also on the diversity of available building blocks and the scope of the reaction. The data identifies reactions that deserve wider use through increasing the number of corresponding building blocks and suggests the reactions that are more effective for pockets with certain physical and hydrogen bond-forming properties.
Implantation of a novel insertable cardiac monitor: preliminary multicenter experience in Europe
Authors: Fareh S. , Nardi S. , Argenziano L. , Diamante A. , Scala F. , Mandurino C. , Magnocavallo M. , Poggio L. , Scarano M. , Gianfrancesco D. , Palma F. , Silvetti M. S. , Porcelli D. , Racheli M. , Montoy M. , Charles P. , Campari M. , Valsecchi S. , Lavalle C.
Published: May 2024

Background

The LUX-Dx™ is a novel insertable cardiac monitor (ICM) introduced into the European market since October 2022.

Purpose

The aim of this investigation was to provide a comprehensive description of the ICM implantation experience in Europe during its initial year of commercial use.

Methods

The system comprises an incision tool and a single-piece insertion tool pre-loaded with the small ICM. The implantation procedure involves incision, creation of a device pocket, insertion of the ICM, verification of sensing, and incision closure. Patients receive a mobile device with a preloaded App, connecting to their ICM and transmitting data to the management system. Data collected at European centers were analyzed at the time of implantation and before patient discharge.

Results

A total of 368 implantation procedures were conducted across 23 centers. Syncope (235, 64%) and cryptogenic stroke (34, 9%) were the most frequent indications for ICM. Most procedures (338, 92%) were performed in electrophysiology laboratories. All ICMs were successfully implanted in the left parasternal region, oriented at 45° in 323 (88%) patients. Repositioning was necessary after sensing verification in 9 (2%) patients. No procedural complications were reported, with a median time from skin incision to suture of 4 min (25th–75th percentiles 2–7). At implantation, the mean R-wave amplitude was 0.39 ± 0.30 mV and the P-wave visibility was 91 ± 20%. Sensing parameters remained stable until pre-discharge and were not influenced by patient characteristics or indications. Procedural times were fast, exhibited consistency across patient groups, and improved after an initial experience with the system. Operator Operator feedback on the system was positive. Patients reported very good ease of use of the App and low levels of discomfort after implantation.

Conclusions

LUX-Dx™ implantation appears efficient and straightforward, with favorable post-implantation sensing values and associated with positive feedback from operators and patients.

Graphical Abstract
Effectiveness of a Behavioral Activation Intervention for Peripartum Women with Opioid Use Disorder
Authors: Vilensky Michael R. , Arrato Nicole A. , Carpenter Kristen M.
Published: May 2024

Pregnant women with opioid use disorder show elevated rates of comorbid mental health problems, both of which are associated with negative health outcomes for mothers and children. There is substantial evidence supporting the benefits of treatment of perinatal opioid use disorder, as well as perinatal depression and anxiety, but there are gaps in knowledge about the effectiveness of perinatal behavioral health interventions in the context of co-occurring substance use disorder. The current study seeks to address this gap by examining outcomes of a behavioral activation treatment in a group of peripartum women with opioid use disorder (N = 68). Behavioral activation has shown promise in treating co-occurring depression and substance use problems. The intervention was delivered as part of an integrated care treatment model, in which patients received co-located obstetric, substance use, and mental health care in a hospital-based clinic. Hierarchical linear modeling was used to assess change in symptoms over time. Results suggest that the group behavioral activation intervention was associated with reduced depression and anxiety symptoms, demonstrated by significant reductions in PHQ-9 and GAD-7 scores over the course of treatment. Moreover, there were indications that increased attendance was associated with further reductions in depressive symptoms. Results contribute to understanding the effectiveness of behavioral activation in the context of peripartum opioid use disorder. Findings also add to the evidence supporting integrated care models and offer a potential blueprint for improving outcomes and reducing barriers to care in this population.
Random Matching in 2D with Exponent 2 for Gaussian Densities
Authors: Caglioti Emanuele , Pieroni Francesca
Published: May 2024

We solve the Random Euclidean Matching problem with exponent 2 for the Gaussian distribution defined on the plane. Previous works by Ledoux and Talagrand determined the leading behavior of the average cost up to a multiplicative constant. We explicitly determine the constant, showing that the average cost is proportional to $$(\log \, N)^2,$$

(
log

N
)

2

,

where N is the number of points. Our approach relies on a geometric decomposition allowing an explicit computation of the constant. Our results illustrate the potential for exact solutions of random matching problems for many distributions defined on unbounded domains on the plane.
Madam Yellen is right about minimum wage policies: evidence from millions of sole proprietors
Authors: Gao Xiaohui
Published: May 2024

During her nomination hearing, Janet Yellen defended the benefits of a higher minimum wage (Question 66 and follow-up). This study analyzes the impact of minimum wage policies on the profitability of sole proprietors by using a dataset of 430 million reported net incomes with the IRS from 2004 to 2018. Three methods are used to examine the relationship between minimum wage increases and net income for sole proprietors: A panel regression framework that includes all counties, comparing contiguous border county-pairs, and a difference-in-differences approach. We find that minimum wage hikes are associated with a higher net income for sole proprietors, with estimated elasticity between 0.15 and 0.2.
Toward sustainable process industry based on knowledge graph: a case study of papermaking process fault diagnosis
Authors: Liang Xiangyao , Zhang Qingyuan , Man Yi , He Zhenglei
Published: May 2024

Process industry suffers from production management in terms of efficiency promotion and waste reduction in large scale manufacturing due to poor organization of the intricate relational databases. In order to enhance the suitability of intelligent manufacturing systems in process industry, this study proposed an innovative top-down structure Knowledge Graph (KG) for process fault diagnosis, and papermaking was taken as a case study. The KG consists of a normalized seven-step-built ontology, which extracted instances of papermaking knowledge via Protégé software. The exported OWL file was imported into Neo4j software for visualization of the KG. The application in papermaking drying process for fault diagnosis shows that it can depict the material and energy flows throughout the process with a clearer relationship visualization than traditional measures. They also enable rationale search for faults and identification of their potential causes. The built KG efficiently manages the vast knowledge of the process, stores unstructured data, and promotes the intelligent development of process with high reusability and dynamicity that can rapidly import new production knowledge as well as flexibly self-updating.
Biological activity, chemical composition, and molecular docking of Eugenia punicifolia (Kunth) DC
Authors: Dogara Abdulrahman Mahmoud , Ibrahim Muhammad Tukur , Mahmud Aisha Abdullahi , Danladi Musa Daniel , Lema Abubakar Abdullahi , Usman Muhammad , Tahir Abdulsalam Salisu , Tabti Kamal
Published: May 2024

There is a significant effort to explore the potential pharmacological activity of natural products derived from plant extracts. The goal is to generate new compounds that could be used for therapeutic purposes. Eugenia punicifolia is a shrub that grows widely all over the world. As a natural cure for diabetes, fever, flu and inflammation, leaves of this medicinal plant are often used in decoction or aqueous infusion. The goal of the study was to record the molecular docking, antioxidant, chemical composition, and alpha-glucosidase inhibition of E. punicifolia. A number of parameters were evaluated in order to confirm its efficacy, including Total Phenolic Content (TPC), TFC (Total Flavonoid Content), FRAP (ferric reducing antioxidant power), DPPH radical scavenging activity, inhibition of α-glucosidase, chemical composition, and molecular docking. The leaf ethanolic exhibited robust antioxidant activity with respect to radical scavenging activity, TPC (Total phenolic content), reducing power, TFC (Total Flavonoid Content), and alpha-glucosidase inhibitory activity at concentrations of 26.7 µg/mL, 18.9 mmol/g, 11.9 mg GAE/g, 13.5 mg QE/g, and 18.9 µg/mL, respectively. In the ethanolic leaf extract, Z-8-Methyl-9-tetradecenoic acid (28.6%) was the main component. The five compounds (− 121.208 kcal/mol, − 120.465 kcal/mol, − 105.572 kcal/mol, − 104.497 kcal/mol, and − 102.256 kcal/mol) were selected as the top lead compounds, respectively. The lead compounds that were found had drug-like properties and were suitable for oral administration. In addition, it was noted that they exhibited non-toxic features and favorable ADME-Tox characteristics, except for compound 6, which displayed toxicity. The leaves exhibited potential applications in the food and pharmaceutical sectors.
Innovative application of artificial intelligence in a multi-dimensional communication research analysis: a critical review
Authors: Asif Muhammad , Gouqing Zhou
Published: May 2024

Artificial intelligence (AI) imitates the human brain’s capacity for problem-solving and making decisions by using computers and other devices. People engage with artificial intelligence-enabled products like virtual agents, social bots, and language-generation software, to name a few. The paradigms of communication theory, which have historically put a significant focus on human-to-human communication, do not easily match these gadgets. AI in multidimensional touch is the subject of this review article, which provides a comprehensive analysis of the most recent research published in the field of AI, specifically related to communication. Additionally, we considered several theories and models (communication theory, AI-based persuasion theory, social exchange theory, Frames of mind, Neural network model, L-LDA model, and Routine model) to explain a complex phenomenon and to create a conceptual framework that is appropriate for this goal and a voluntary relationship between two or more people that lasts for an extended period. Communication and media studies focus on human–machine communication (HMC), a rapidly developing research area. It is our intention to continue investigating the beneficial and detrimental effects of artificial intelligence on human communication as well as to identify novel concepts, theories, and challenges as the research process develops.
Propaganda and Ideology in the Russian–Ukrainian War
Authors: Roozenbeek Jon
Published: May 2024

Russia's invasion of Ukraine is one of the most important conflicts of the twenty-first century. With the start of military hostilities in 2014 also came an onslaught of propaganda, to both convince and confuse audiences worldwide about the war's historical and ideological underpinnings. Based on extensive research drawing on tens of thousands of news articles and hundreds of pages of legal documents and internal correspondence, this book offers the first comprehensive analysis of the role of propaganda, ideology, and identity in the Russian-Ukrainian war. It argues that, despite Russia's efforts to set up a media machine at home and abroad with eight years of propaganda legitimising Russia's presence in eastern Ukraine, Russia failed to vocalise a convincing alternative to Ukrainian nationhood. Instead, Russian propaganda backfired: Ukraine is now more united than ever before.
The Right to Punish
Authors: Müller Luise
Published: May 2024

What gives international courts the authority to punish individuals for international crimes? Through the lens of political philosophy, Luise Müller provides an original perspective on the justification of the authority of international criminal courts and tribunals. She argues that institutions of international criminal justice are permitted to pierce the sovereignty of states in order to punish high-profile politicians for genocide, crimes against humanity, war crimes, and other mass human rights violations. Their right to punish is justified by virtue of their function to deter mass violations of fundamental human rights. However, to legitimately exercise that right, international criminal justice institutions must fulfil two conditions: first, they must conduct criminal trials with the highest level of fairness; second, they must treat those who are subject to their authority as equals. This last condition can be satisfied by international criminal justice institutions by including procedures of democratic decision-making and democratic accountability.
Choices in a Chaotic Campaign
Authors: Fridkin Kim L. , Kenney Patrick J.
Published: May 2024

In Choices in a Chaotic Campaign, Kim Fridkin and Patrick Kenney explore the dynamic nature of citizens' beliefs and behaviors in response to the historic 2020 presidential campaign. In today's political environment where citizens can effortlessly gather information, it is important to move beyond standard political characteristics and consider the impact of pre-existing psychological predispositions. Fridkin and Kenney argue these predispositions influence assessments of campaign events and issues, and ultimately alter citizens' voting decisions. The book relies on data from an original three-wave panel study of over 4,000 people interviewed in September, October, and immediately after Election Day in November 2020. The timing of the surveys provides the analytical leverage to explore how views of the campaign alter citizens' impressions of the candidates. The book demonstrates that expanding the relevant citizen characteristics to include psychological predispositions increases our ability to understand how campaigns influence voters' decisions at the ballot box.
Tangles
Authors: Diestel Reinhard
Published: May 2024

Tangles offer a precise way to identify structure in imprecise data. By grouping qualities that often occur together, they not only reveal clusters of things but also types of their qualities: types of political views, of texts, of health conditions, or of proteins. Tangles offer a new, structural, approach to artificial intelligence that can help us understand, classify, and predict complex phenomena.
This has become possible by the recent axiomatization of the mathematical theory of tangles, which has made it applicable far beyond its origin in graph theory: from clustering in data science and machine learning to predicting customer behaviour in economics; from DNA sequencing and drug development to text and image analysis. Such applications are explored here for the first time. Assuming only basic undergraduate mathematics, the theory of tangles and its potential implications are made accessible to scientists, computer scientists, and social scientists.
Mounds Against the State? An Anarchist Approach to Mound Construction, Environmental Stress, and Centralization of Power in Viking and Merovingian Age Scandinavia
Authors: Sæbø Andreas Ropeid
Published: May 2024

In this article, the author explores the cooperative aspects of mound construction in Late Iron Age Scandinavia. Arguing against the outdated but widely held view that only centralized rule could organize monument construction, he investigates how participation in mound construction affected the people of Sør-Fron in south-eastern Norway. He contends, first, that repeated participation in mound construction helped create a sense of belonging and shared identity, which was maintained through centuries of major environmental and political turmoil. Second, mound construction was part of an active and conscious strategy to limit aggrandizement and prevent centralization and concentration of power. Rejection of Christianity arguably worked in similar ways. The author concludes with considerations of approaches to Iron Age monuments, emphasizing the importance of consensus and community-building and the role of communal opposition to centralized rule.
Policy Dialogue on Twenty-First-Century Book Banning in the US
Authors: Laats Adam , Meehan Kasey
Published: May 2024

Book banning is a topic covered in many US history classrooms. Students learn that in the first decades of the twentieth century, fights over the teaching of evolution led to restrictions on science texts. Meanwhile, fears about the spread of communism sparked campaigns to limit access to “subversive” ideas. Well into the 1960s, textbooks usually explain, Americans remained at odds about what schools should be free to teach.

What’s old is new, it seems. And tomorrow’s textbooks will have to be updated with stories from the present. As this issue goes to press, conservative groups across the United States have sought to remove hundreds of titles from schools and libraries. Such attempts range from challenges filed by individual parents—often inspired by the list curated on BookLooks.org—to statewide legislative efforts to recall books from schools. Thousands of books have been removed from libraries and classrooms, and the chilling effect has led cautious educators to self-censor even further.

For this policy dialogue, the HEQ editors asked Adam Laats and Kasey Meehan to discuss book banning in the US, focusing particularly on the motivations of groups seeking to limit what young people can read. Adam Laats is a professor of education and history at SUNY Binghamton. A leading scholar of conservative activism in education, he is the author of several books including The Other School Reformers (Harvard University Press, 2015) and Fundamentalist U (Oxford University Press, 2018). Kasey Meehan is the director of the Freedom to Read program at PEN America, where she leads initiatives to protect the right of students to freely access literature in schools. Founded in 1922, PEN America is the largest of the more than one hundred centers worldwide that make up the PEN International network. PEN America works to ensure that people everywhere have the freedom to create literature, to convey information and ideas, to express their views, and to access the views, ideas, and literatures of others.

HEQ policy dialogues are, by design, intended to promote an informal, free exchange of ideas between scholars. At the end of the exchange, we offer a list of references for readers who wish to follow up on sources relevant to the discussion.
Measuring vacillations in reasoning
Authors: Shivnekar Revati Vijay , Srivastava Nisheeth
Published: May 2024

Our experience of reasoning is replete with conflict. People phenomenologically vacillate between options when confronted with challenging decisions. Existing experimental designs typically measure a summary of the experience of the conflict experienced throughout the choice process for any individual choice or even between multiple observers for a choice. We propose a new method for measuring vacillations in reasoning during the time-course of individual choices, utilizing them as a fine-grained indicator of cognitive conflict. Our experimental paradigm allows participants to report the alternative they were considering while deliberating. Through 3 experiments, we demonstrate that our measure correlates with existing summary judgments of conflict and confidence in moral and logical reasoning problems. The pattern of deliberation revealed by these vacillations produces new constraints for theoretical models of moral and syllogistic reasoning.
Possession and dispossession: a dual phenomenon in digital artefacts
Authors: Kompella Pranati , Keshavan Neelakantan
Published: May 2024

A modern user's interactions with digital artefacts are a subject of interest to numerous fields of study, including human-computer interaction (HCI). Innovations in HCI necessitate an understanding of users’ attachment to these artefacts. This paper characterises user attachment as a dual phenomenon of possession and dispossession. The findings give deeper insight into the influences of this phenomenon and how they might distinguish its manifestation in physical and virtual environments. Avenues for design interventions were then interpreted from these findings.
DS-Viz: a method for visualising design spaces
Authors: Paravizo Esdras , Crilly Nathan
Published: May 2024

Problems, solutions, and design itself have been framed as spaces in design research. Visualising the design space and how designers explore it, can give insight into the design process. This paper reports on a novel method for creating Design Space Visualisations (DS-Viz) that generates 2D and 3D representations of design spaces. We show how DS-Viz can be used to investigate designer behaviour, design processes and outcomes using a game-based design activity as an example. We discuss DS-Viz implications for design research highlighting potential benefits to design education and practice.
Exploring gesture generation for smartwatches: is user elicitation enough?
Authors: Pramanik Saugata , Pabbathi Sahil , Acharya Shakuntala
Published: May 2024

Gestures are a preferred mode of interaction for smartwatches and these are commonly elicited either by expert/designers or by users. This paper aims to understand the most promising approach for generating and assessing gestures by employing two empirical studies to validate a set of expert/designer-generated gestures. It further gains insights into the users' mental models, their role as co-creators, and their considerations for one-handed gestures in smartwatches, and discusses the virtue of incorporating both approaches of gesture elicitation.
Characteristics of paralinguistic communication indicating pre-resonance during co-creative design grasped by decision tree analysis
Authors: Shichijo Karen , Matsumae Akane
Published: May 2024

The study aims to grasp the dynamic characteristics of paralinguistic communication during co-creation and has developed an analysis methodology by clustering the conversational patterns and determining the criteria more often observed in pre-resonance. The results suggest that pre-resonance is characterized by less silence, a rapid transition in exchanging ideas under one's initiative, and a conversation with equal amounts of utterances between both in a pair. This study reveals implications for better communication that lead to resonance, an essential phenomenon in collaborative design.
Design and collaboration strategies for circular economy implementation across the value chain
Authors: Gomes Giovana M. , Pigosso Daniela C. A. , McAloone Tim C.
Published: May 2024

Based on circular economy readiness assessments of six value chain layers, 18 design strategies and five collaboration strategies for circular economy were identified. The design strategies have many applications, from the design of materials, products, and processes to business models, and while some are specific to determined layers, others can be addressed by companies in multiple layers. Furthermore, collaboration across the value chain was found to affect positively the employment of circular economy design strategies, contributing to the fulfilment of solutions’ circularity potential.
What's the catch? Trade-off challenges in early design for sustainability
Authors: Parolin Giácomo , McAloone Tim C. , Pigosso Daniela C. A.
Published: May 2024

Trade-offs involving multiple criteria that cannot be satisfied at the same time are ubiquitous in engineering design activities. Navigating trade-off decisions can be challenging, especially when it comes to sustainability-related decisions in early-stage projects. Through a systematic literature review, we unravel the challenges related to sustainability trade-offs in technology development, concept design, and other front-end of innovation activities. The challenges, which were evaluated by experts from industry and academia, range from technical and organisational to psychological aspects.
A virtual reality experience to raise sustainability awareness within the fashion industry
Authors: Spadoni Elena , Fiocca Andrea , Zoni Gianluca , Infante Lina Maria Useche , Cerutti Lidia , Maccarrone Paolo , Carulli Marina , Bordegoni Monica
Published: May 2024

Nowadays, there is a pressing need to incorporate sustainable practices and promote environmental awareness. The fashion industry, characterized by resource-intensive consumption, significantly contributes to global sustainability threats. The authors proposed the adoption of Virtual Reality (VR) to design and develop the Fashion Footprint application, an experience aimed at enhancing sustainability awareness and fostering behavioral change. The findings suggest that VR technology is valuable in promoting sustainability awareness and driving positive behavioral shifts in the fashion industry.
Comparison of e-scooter tyre performance using rolling resistance trailer
Authors: Stilwell George , Gooch Shayne , Lafitte Martial
Published: May 2024

E-scooters are a cost-effective means of urban transport, however, there have been questions about their safety, performance, and energy efficiency. This paper investigates the rolling resistance of scooter tyres so that the performance of scooters can be more accurately determined. A rolling resistance trailer was manufactured to directly measure tractive force and closely approximate the rolling resistance force for nine commonly used scooter tyres at low speed on a smooth concrete surface. The results of this study will enable a better understanding of the energy losses of these devices.
A transition approach for reuse and repair of manufactured products
Authors: Vallet Flore , Tyl Benjamin , Cluzel François , Masclet Cédric
Published: May 2024

The landscape of reuse and repair (R&R) activities for manufactured products is vibrant: new European laws, research projects, local initiatives. Our aim is to capture the current and future challenges of the field through an industrial workshop held at the ICED23 conference. A collective reflection was conducted with three French stakeholders: a Product Responsibility Organization, a social and solidarity organization, and a private company producing water-driven dosing pumps. The study results in a multi-level perspective on the R&R value chain and four R&R future scenarios.
Bridging the gap: a multidisciplinary approach to integrated care solutions for the aging population
Authors: Bateson Max John , Lim Yonghun
Published: May 2024

This study addresses the challenges of the ageing population, focusing on enhancing the life of caregivers and the elderly. It proposes a multifaceted solution that allows dependents to live close to their carers, enabling oversight without a need for constant presence. The paper employs empirical studies to ensure a deep understanding of caregiving, capturing the breadth and depth of challenges. Presenting a novel design solution, Hygge, combines physical and system design with technology integration. This prioritises accessibility, cost, maintenance, and adaptability for diverse needs.
New combination of methods for supporting a simplified set-based design approach
Authors: Ström Mikael , Gustafsson Göran , Hans Johannesson
Published: May 2024

This work presents a Set-Based Design inspired approach for generation, evaluation and reduction of a solution space of alternative product concepts. Also, the aspect of how to implement the process in an industrial environment was investigated. The hypothesis, confirmed by case studies, is that it can be done using existing methods like Enhanced functional modelling, brainwriting, the Gallery method, Axiomatic Design, causal diagrams and Pugh matrices. The method can be successfully introduced in a timeframe of a few working days and support development engineers in the concept design phase.
Surveying factors that influence healthcare personnel in the transition to reusable surgical gowns
Authors: Harding Charlotte , Moons Ingrid , Watts Regan , De Win Gunter , Du Bois Els
Published: May 2024

This study surveyed 190 healthcare professionals to examine attitudes towards reusable surgical gowns, aiming to reduce medical waste. Comfort (scoring 5.32 out of 7) and misconceptions about gowns serving as personal protective equipment (87% hold this belief) are crucial influencers. External motivators, trust, emotions, and workload also impact perceptions. The study recommends enhancing reusable gown design for comfort, multifunctionality, and hygiene trust. It calls for communication strategies to normalise reusables in healthcare and urges a transition to sustainable practices.
Designing remote patient and family centred interventions: an exploratory approach
Authors: Houwen Julian , Karki Ragini S. , Janssen Veronica R. , Pannunzio Valeria , Atsma Douwe E. , Kleinsmann Maaike S.
Published: May 2024

This research explores the dynamic nature of family involvement in remote patient management for cardiovascular disease and its impact on lifestyle behaviour changes. Through an interview study with patients and family members, we categorise family involvement into three types: Inform, Integrate, and Influence, highlighting the dynamic and heterogeneous nature of family involvement across different phases and activities. Overall, we emphasise the need for personalised and adaptable interventions to cater to the diversity of families and propose a modular approach to remote monitoring design.
Emotional design of medical devices: exoskeletons and post-stroke recovery devices
Authors: Lund Frederik Kiersgaard , Feast Luke Edward Eric , Skovfoged Milo Marsfeldt , Knoche Hendrik , Mohammadi Mostafa , Andreasen Struijk Lotte N. S. , Laursen Linda Nhu
Published: May 2024

The paper explores the integration of emotional design elements in the development of medical devices to enhance user acceptance and adherence. It emphasizes the importance of a user-centered approach, acknowledging both functional and emotional needs. The study compares two cases within healthcare design, highlighting the impact of emotional design on users' perception of medical devices. Despite the different stages of development in the two cases, both employed a higher level of refflective design, aiming to create a lasting impact on users' identity using the products.
StudyWell: a co-design project for enhancing student mental health and wellbeing through service design and relational welfare
Authors: Nielsen Brita Fladvad , Reed Nina Petersen , Ness Ottar , Bjerck Mari , Farbu Pinto Arnfrid , Memet Ipar , Lineer Katie Aurora
Published: May 2024

Students mental health is declining. StudyWell is a project aiming at positive impact on student mental health in student cities in Norway; by integrating relational welfare with service design, and the study environment as a starting point. We discussfour implementation challenges: First, co-design depends on a shared mindset across disciplinary boundaries. Secondly, balancing the lenses of individuals, community, system and future require facilitation. Thirdly, societal impact requires continuous partner anchoring. Finally, approaches must not further pathologize university student.
Considerations in the testing of a minimum viable product in healthcare
Authors: Shah Komal , Arora Manish
Published: May 2024

Introducing a Minimum Viable Product in the market and rapidly testing it proves valuable in assessing its value and potential. This involves experiments, gauging growth, and striving to diminish uncertainty in iterative cycles. The application of these approaches in healthcare, however, faces obstacles due to unique challenges including patient safety concerns and regulatory compliances. This paper undertakes a narrative literature review covering experiences of healthcare professionals and presents guiding considerations for medical startups to use in the market validation of their products.
Additive manufacturing of individual bone implants made of bioresorbable calcium phosphate cement using the example of large skull defects
Authors: Holtzhausen Stefan , Sembdner Philipp , Pendzik Martin , Schmidt Holger Wilhelm Rudolf , Paetzold-Byhain Kristin
Published: May 2024

In the field of individualized medical implants for bone replacesment, additive manufacturing offers far-reaching advantages for bridging bone defects and supporting the production of natural form and function. The article uses the example of a large, customized cranial implant to show the challenges of manufacturing with osteoinductive bone cements. The process is shown, starting with planning and design, through to functional integration using adapted manufacturing strategies to create defined porosity.
A proposal for guiding the selection of suitable DfAM support based on experiential knowledge
Authors: Schmitt Pascal , Siewert Lisa , Gericke Kilian
Published: May 2024

Unlocking additive manufacturing's (AM) potential requires designer expertise. Design for additive manufacturing (DfAM) addresses this need but faces barriers, such as uncertainty in scope of integration, design support selection, result validation or time investment for incorporating design support. This paper proposes a framework aligning SCRUM (agile framework) to aid designers in overcoming those barriers. The goal is to pave the way for a better exchange between academia and industry and fostering iterative development of DfAM support tailored to designer needs.
Printing study and design guideline for small hollow structures in medical technology
Authors: Sobirey Eve , Wegner Marie , Laukotka Fabian Niklas , Krause Dieter
Published: May 2024

In recent years, interest in additive manufacturing has increased. To overcome challenges such as the correct use of the technology, guidelines are needed to help the user in the fabrication process. However, such guidance is not currently available for all applications. This paper dives into design methods in AM and their transfer to an application example in the field of medical technology. The aim of this paper is to analyse the transferability of a design method for vessel models to small vessel models. To this end, an initial printing study is carried out on simplified hollow structures.
Analysing shrinkage compensation in additive manufacturing: a comparative study of reverse engineering and gauge-based methods
Authors: Zanini Alessio , Marconi Marco , Rubino Gianluca
Published: May 2024

Additive Manufacturing has transformed modern manufacturing with its well-known advantages. However, shrinkage remains a critical challenge, causing dimensional inaccuracies that should be properly compensated to assure geometric fidelity. This study aims to assess the reliability of a Reverse Engineering (RE) technique for dimensional compensation. A gauge-based measurement approach has been used to validate the RE method. Results confirm that the RE method is promising, while highlighting the intrinsic errors of the RE technique, and suggesting ways to evaluate and prevent them.
Datasets in design research: needs and challenges and the role of AI and GPT in filling the gaps
Authors: Arjomandi Rad Mohammad , Hajali Tina , Martinsson Bonde Julian , Panarotto Massimo , Wärmefjord Kristina , Malmqvist Johan , Isaksson Ola
Published: May 2024

Despite the recognized importance of datasets in data-driven design approaches, their extensive study remains limited. We review the current landscape of design datasets and highlight the ongoing need for larger and more comprehensive datasets. Three categories of challenges in dataset development are identified. Analyses show critical dataset gaps in design process where future studies can be directed. Synthetic and end-to-end datasets are suggested as two less explored avenues. The recent application of Generative Pretrained Transformers (GPT) shows their potential in addressing these needs.
Critical component detection in assemblies: a graph centrality approach
Authors: Ballantyne Robert , McClenaghan Adam , Schiffmann Oliver , Snider Chris
Published: May 2024

This study examines the use of graph centrality to identify critical components in assembly models, a method typically dominated by computationally intense analyses. By applying centrality measures to simulated assembly graphs, components were ranked to assess their criticality. These rankings were compared against Monte Carlo sensitivity analysis results. Preliminary findings indicate a promising correlation, suggesting graph centrality as a valuable tool in assembly analysis, enhancing efficiency and insight in critical component identification.
D³IKIT: data-driven design innovation kit
Authors: Lee Boyeun , Ahmed-Kristensen Saeema
Published: May 2024

The utilization of data in design is a crucial aspect of shaping the product and service development. Despite the lack of extensive research on this subject, this study aims to bridge the gap by introducing the ‘D³IKIT’, a data-driven design process and toolkit. Through workshops, this process and toolkit offer a practical method for creating innovative product and service concepts using data and machine learning. Developed and tested with the participation of 42 individuals, the ‘D³IKIT’ provides valuable insights for both practitioners and academics.