bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
KHARKIV: “Hurricane-3”
Authors: Tan'shyna A.
Published: December 2023

Посвящается светлой памяти В. Т. Толока

В 1960-м Игорь Васильевич Курчатов поручил молодому харьковскому физику Владимиру Тарасовичу Толоку руководство научной программой по разработке основ управляемого термоядерного реактора стеллараторного типа. По этой программе в Харьковском физико-техническом институте была создана единственная в Украине мощная экспериментальная база для актуальных исследований термоядерной энергетики и сформирована харьковская школа плазмистов-термоядерщиков.В 70-х гг. по инициативе и непосредственном участии В. Т. Толока получили широкое развитие исследования в области неравновесной плазмохимии высоких энергий, которые привели к созданию нового прогрессивного направления в плазменной технологии – получение новых материалов на атомно-ионном уровне в установках «Булат».

 

К 90-й годовщине со времени рождения члена-корреспондента НАН Украины В. Т. Толока
Estimation of Nuclear Mass Formulas Coefficients Using Least-Squares Method Based on Gauss-Seidel Scheme: A Comparative Study Between Three Models
Authors: Mouloudj Hadj , Mohammed-Azizi Benyoucef , Zeggai Oussama , Ghalem Abdelkader , Toubal Maamar Alla Eddine
Published: December 2023

This paper presents the analysis and implementation of the least-squares method based on the Gauss-Seidel scheme for solving nuclear mass formulas. The least-squares method leads to the solution of the system by iterations. The main advantages of the discussed method are simplicity and high accuracy. Moreover, the method enables us to process large data quickly in practice. To demonstrate the effectiveness of the method, implementation using the FORTRAN language is carried out. The steps of the algorithm are detailed. Using 2331 nuclear masses with Z ≥ 8 and N ≥ 8, it was shown that the performance of the liquid drop mass formula with six parameters improved in terms of root mean square (r.m.s. deviation equals 1.28 MeV), compared to the formula of liquid drop mass with six parameters without microscopic energy, deformation energy and congruence energy (r.m.s. deviation equals 2.65 MeV). The nuclear liquid drop model is revisited to make explicit the role of the microscopic corrections (shell and pairing). Deformation energy and the congruence energy estimate have been used to obtain the best fit. It is shown that the performance of the new approach is improved by a model of eight parameters, compared to the previous model of six parameters. The obtained r.m.s. result for the new liquid drop model in terms of masses is equal to 1.05 MeV.
Calculation of the Density of the Distribution of Electronic States in the Conduction Band from the Fundamental Absorption Spectra of Amorphous Semiconductors
Authors: Ikramov Rustamjon G. , Muminov Khurshidbek A. , Nuritdinova Mashkhura A. , Sultonov Bobur Q. , Kholmirzayev Oybek T.
Published: December 2023

The region of fundamental absorption in the optical spectra of amorphous semiconductors is theoretically studied using the Davis-Mott approximation according to the Kubo-Greenwood formula. As is known, three types of optical transitions of the electron can be observed in the fundamental absorption region; from the tail of the valence band to the conduction band, from the valence band to the conduction band and from the valence band to the tail of the conduction band. For all these electronic transitions, analytical expressions of the partial absorption spectra are obtained from two different types of the Kubo-Greenwood formula. The width of the optical mobility gap and the proportionality coefficient were determined in the analytical form of the interband absorption spectrum by fitting them to the experimental interband absorption spectrum. A new method is presented for calculating the density of distribution of electronic states in the conduction band of amorphous carbon based on the experimental interband absorption spectrum and the analytical expression of the Kubo-Greenwood formula written for the interband absorption spectrum.
The Contributions to Registration Efficiency of The Fast Neutron Reactions on The Nuclei of The Heavy Oxide Scintillators
Authors: Onyshchenko Gennadiy M. , Grynyov Boris V. , Yakymenko Ivan I. , Naydenov Sergey V. , Kuznietsov Pylyp E. , Shchus Oleksandr
Published: December 2023

The results of the study of the contributions of the interaction reactions of fast neutron sources of 239Pu-Be and 252Cf to the counting efficiency of registration by oxide scintillators CdWO4, ZnWO4, Bi4Ge3O12 and Gd2SiO5, presented. The amount of gamma quanta per input neutron emitted from final nuclei excited in the reactions of inelastic scattering (n, nʹγ)in, resonant scattering (n, n)res and capture (n, γ)res and radiation capture (n, γ)cap was measured. PMT R1307 operating in single-electron mode was used as a photodetector, the background rate was ~ 5*103 s-1. The measured efficiency ε for scintillators ø40x40 mm was 752 for ZWO, 532 for CWO, 37 for GSO, and 23 for BGO in "counts/neutron" units, measurement error rate ~ 3-5%. The formation of the detector response is influenced by the parameters of the scintillator nuclei, such as the values of the interaction cross sections in the resonance region, the density of nuclear levels of the final nuclei, the lifetime of excited nuclear states, the upper limit of the resonance region of the cross section, as well as the scintillation time and geometric parameters of the scintillators. A phenomenological model of the response of an oxide scintillator to fast neutrons is proposed.
Incorporation of defatted coconut flour into purple sweet potato crackers: a
study on texture and colour characteristics
Authors: Zahroh N.I. , Mojiono M. , Faridz R. , Purwandari U.
Published: December 2023

The foremost challenge in the development of gluten-free crackers from Indonesian local
tubers is their textural properties. In this work, defatted coconut flour was incorporated
into purple sweet potato flour in crackers making, which aimed to improve their physical
characteristics due to high fibre and protein content. The effect of margarine
concentration (15, 20, and 25%) and defatted coconut flour concentration (0, 15, 30%) on
hardness, fracturability, lightness (L), redness (a), yellowness (b), and moisture content
were studied in a randomized factorial design experiment. Results showed that the
concentration of margarine, the concentration of defatted coconut flour, and the
interaction between the two factors had a significant effect (p<0.05) on hardness,
fracturability, lightness, redness, and water content of crackers. Defatted coconut flour
increased the hardness and the fracturability of crackers, but margarine concentration
reduced both textural properties. Higher concentration of margarine and defatted coconut
flour increased values of L and a, but did not affect the b value. There seemed to be a
maximum concentration of defatted coconut flour and margarine the in cracker to
maintain textural properties.
Mass transfer studies on the solvent-free lipase-catalyzed partial hydrolysis of
palm oil in packed-bed reactor
Authors: Phuah E.T. , Lai O.M. , Tang T.K. , Lee Y.Y. , Choong T.S.Y. , Tan C.P. , Hong S.P.
Published: December 2023

Packed-bed reactor (PBR) is widely employed for enzyme-mediated reactions at an
industrial scale because the reactor configuration enables reusability of the biocatalyst
with ease, thereby reducing the overall operating expenses. However, mass transfer
limitation remains a key challenge in fixed-bed column systems, especially at large scale.
Therefore, the present study investigated the external mass transfer effects on solvent-free
lipase-catalyzed partial hydrolysis reaction and aimed to develop a mass transfer model
for the operation. The influence of volumetric flow rate, one of the crucial operating
parameters affecting the external mass transfer resistance, was examined. Results
demonstrated increasing the flow rate led to an increase in hydrolysis reaction with the
highest reaction rate observed at 5 ml min-1
. A dimensionless mathematical mass transfer
model of Colburn factor, JD = K(Re)n-1 which is a function of Reynolds and Schmidt
numbers, was then proposed to simulate the enzymatic partial hydrolysis reaction of palm
oil in PBR. The mass transfer model was analyzed with different n values and results
revealed that the mass transfer correlation of JD=0.92(Re)-0.2 was able to predict the
experimental data accurately. The model developed could describe the dominance of mass
transfer effects besides providing useful information for the scale-up design of industrial
reactor.
Innovation of Engineering Surveying Course Teaching for Road and Bridge Engineering Technology Majors in Higher Vocational Colleges
Authors: Zou Lei
Published: December 2023

Engineering surveying is an important course for road and bridge engineering technology majors in higher vocational colleges. With the advancement of science and technology, engineering surveying technology is also constantly developing, so the theoretical knowledge and professional skills that students need to master are also becoming increasingly complicated. To stimulate the students’ interest in learning the course, it is necessary to continuously introduce innovative teaching methods into the course. In this paper, the importance of teaching innovation in engineering surveying courses of road and bridge engineering technology majors in higher vocational colleges and the knowledge system that students need to master are analyzed. Subsequently, innovative strategies are proposed to help improve the students’mastery of engineering surveying.
Analysis of the Status and Rational Allocation of Water Resources in China in View of the New Era
Authors: Li Yizhe
Published: December 2023

This paper examines the current status of water resource management and conservation in China, along with strategies to address the water resource crisis. Given the current situation, the paper highlights issues such as incomplete legal mechanisms, limited environmental awareness among enterprises, and insufficient government investment. To address these challenges, the paper proposes a series of strategies, including improving the ecological environment, enhancing production techniques, strengthening management systems, rationalizing water resource allocation, and implementing water-saving measures in both industrial and agricultural production. These strategies serve to achieve sustainable water resource management, reduce water pollution, and effectively tackle the pressing water resource issues faced in China currently.
Analysis of Highway Project Construction Technology Management
Authors: Zhou Yuan
Published: December 2023

Highway engineering construction plays a pivotal role in driving urban economic development, in the face of modern urban transportation high-quality development. To achieve high-quality development in modern urban transportation, it is imperative to engage in effective management practices. This article analyzes the technology involved in highway engineering construction, delving into key aspects of highway construction technology, and examining measures for managing and controlling highway engineering construction technology effectively.
Analysis of the Forming Process of Construction Enterprise Culture Based on the QFD Theory
Authors: Hu Jun
Published: December 2023

In order to clarify the direction and way of construction enterprise culture, the method of construction enterprise culture based on quality function deployment (QFD) theory is put forward. Firstly, the paper analyzes the QFD theory and the forming process of construction enterprise culture and considers that the two have strong adaptability in the aspects of basic characteristics, implementation process, and logical relationship. Secondly, based on QFD, the basic framework of construction enterprise culture is established, which is divided into three stages: cultural planning, process planning, and implementation planning. Finally, the paper expounds on each link of the cultural planning matrix in detail.
Architectural Design Strategies for Smart Cities
Authors: Liu Yajuan
Published: December 2023

The rapid development of science and technology in China has given rise to the concept of a smart city. A smart city has certain characteristics of integration and extensiveness, making it a popular topic for discussion. The emergence of smart cities brings about changes to people’s lifestyles, promotes economic development, and results in the innovation of environment protection work. Therefore, urban buildings should be designed based on the smart city concept to better meet people’s demands. Therefore, this article describes the definition of smart buildings and smart cities, the characteristics of smart city concepts, and the importance of smart city concepts in architectural design. Lastly, smart city architectural design strategies are proposed.
Positioning Analysis of AY Field Brand
Authors: Ding Haichen , Lin Xuehua , Yu Ping , Zhang Lingfan , Fan Qinjing
Published: December 2023

For a considerable duration, the traditional dairy product market in China has been dominated by a dual oligopoly, primarily led by Mengniu and Yili. Regional brands such as Guangming, Junlebao, and Sanyuan have engaged in staggered competition, contributing to a pattern of feudal separatism among local brands. AY Group, positioned as a significant independent player in the China dairy industry, has strategically extended its reach downstream in the supply chain, establishing the consumer brand AY Field. Despite possessing a robust advantage in self-owned ranches and delivering high-quality products, AY Field grapples with challenges related to unclear market positioning and low brand awareness among final consumers. This study employs a SWOT analysis to delve into identifying a market positioning strategy that best suits the AY Field brand. The research reveals that the current dynamics of competition in the dairy industry market are predominantly concentrated in the high-end and low-end segments, leaving a noticeable gap in the middle market. Leveraging the natural, high-quality, and competitively priced attributes of AY Field milk, the recommended market position involves supplying ambient liquid milk that aligns with the consumption habits of young individuals and office workers. This strategic positioning aims to offer high-quality products at moderate prices, addressing the specific needs of the identified consumer demographic.
Tinjauan Daya Dukung Pondasi Bored Pile Berdasarkan Data SPT Pada Proyek Pembangunan Rumah Susun Universitas Muhammadiyah Sorong
Authors: Rokhman Rokhman , Rini Retno Puspa , Saputra Asrul , Rusmin Muhammad , Klau Jefrianus
Published: December 2023

Pondasi Bored pile merupakan jenis pondasi yang di bangun dengan cara pengeboran tanah terlebih dahulu, kemudian diisi dengan tulangan dan dicor. Pembangunan rumah susun universitas muhammadiyah sorong menggunakan pondasi tiang bor yang terletak di Jl. Watem Kilo Meter 17, Kota Sorong. Berdasarkan hasil penyelidikan Standard Penetration Test (SPT) dilapangan tanah keras berada pada kedalaman  12 m dan bangunan terdiri dari 3 lantai. Penelitian ini difokuskan pada tinjauan ulang pondasi bored pile type 1 dan type 2. Data yang digunakan berupa data sekunder yang diperoleh kemudian dianalisis berdasarkan data Standart Penetration Test (SPT) menggunakan perhitungan manual dan software GEO5. Dari hasil perhitungan manual didapatkan nilai Tahanan ujung ultimit (Qb) pada type pondasi 1 dan 2 menggunakan metode O'Neil dan Reese (1989) yakni 1.085,73 kN dan 1.930,19 kN, Tahanan gesek ultimit (Qs) yakni 3.403,89 kN dan 4.538,52 kN, Kapasitas dukung ultimit neto (Qu) menggunakan persamaan umum yakni 4.416,42 kN dan 6.338,58 kN dan Penurunan (S) menggunakan metode Poulos dan Davis (1980) yakni 3,98 mm dan 6,22 mm. Perhitungan kapasitas dukung dengan software GEO5 didapatkan 4.619,83 kN dan 5.035,76 kN
Pengaruh Atap Transparan Terhadap Kinerja Termal Gedung Persipda Kota Salatiga
Authors: Ruliyanto Ruliyanto , Prianto Eddy
Published: December 2023

Gedung Perpustakaan dan Kearsipan Daerah (Persipda) Kota Salatiga memiliki tampilan arsitektural yang unik dan berbeda dengan bangunan sekitarnya, yaitu terdapat model atap transparan pada puncak atapnya. Hal ini dimaksudkan untuk memasukkan cahaya alami pada siang hari, sehingga dapat menghemat pemakaian energi. Konsep atap transparan tersebut membawa dampak pada ketidaknyamanan termal, sebab disamping memberikan sinar terang, cahaya alami dari sinar matahari juga membawa panas melalui proses radiasi. Kondisi tersebut menciptakan suhu ruang yang panas pada lantai 2. Berdasar dari permasalahan tersebut, dibutuhkan studi untuk mengevaluasi gedung Persipda sudah memenuhi kenyamanan termal atau belum dilihat dari indikator kinerja termalnya. Metode penelitian menggunakan metode kuantitatif, dengan cara melakukan pengukuran langsung indikator kinerja termal (temperatur & kelembaban) pada eksterior dan interior setiap lantai gedung ini. Sehingga  kinerja termal pada bangunan ini dapat diketahui secara spesifik melalui indikator kinerja termal dari masing – masing selimut bangunannya.
Intertextual Criticism: Unveiling Literary Connections in Elif Shafak's Works
Authors: Othman Ahmed Hozan
Published: December 2023

This paper explores the concept of intertextual criticism and its application in the works of renowned Turkish-British author Elif Shafak. By examining the intricate web of literary connections in Shafak's writings, this study aims at uncovering the intertextual tapestry woven within her narratives. The methodology involves close reading and analysis of selected works and a comprehensive survey of intertextual sources. The critical approach utilised is a comparative study, which examines the influences, allusions, and references to other literary works in Shafak's novels. The discussion highlights intertextuality's thematic, structural, and cultural implications in Shafak's works. Ultimately, this article concludes by emphasising the significance of intertextual criticism in enhancing our understanding of Shafak's unique literary contributions.
The concept of poetry in the poems of Sherko Bekas
Authors: Raouf Ali Luqman
Published: December 2023

This research works on the concept of poetry, so the concept and definition of poetry have been discussed in general according to different stages, but in particular the concept of poetry has been worked on and introduced by Sherko Bekas, and this introduction is the first text. Poems that talk about the concept and recognition of poetry in all the poet's divans have become the material of the study, in order to present the opinion and definition of poetry from the poet's point of view, along with bringing back the poet's view of poetry in the dialogues with him, later comparing them, for the purpose of uniting, or having differences in their opinions.
The Relationship between the World and Language in Bertrand Russell's Philosophy
Authors: Qadir Sabir Aram
Published: December 2023

In the contemporary philosophy and more specifically in philosophy of language, one of the essential issues of philosophical studies is the relationship between language, the World and knowledge about the world. Bertrand Russell as one of the leaders in logical analysis in contemporary philosophy considers logical foundation as significant pillar for language. He defines language, meaning knowledge in the context of logic and he forms the world in the logical facts. From here, a link between language and reality will be created, and thus there is an intention to break the other traditions.

Bertrand Russell tried to write many books and essays and his literary heritage has become an important asset in philosophical discourses. This study aims under the Russell’s arguments to analyze the relationship between language and the world. It attempts from a different perspective to reach a different form of existence and world. This purpose helps in language activities in manifesting correct knowledge about the world that it has facts, events, state of affairs, reality and logic.

Russell's attempts to connect between language and reality in the world produced many valuable arguments and thesis. This is on the foundation of logical analysis changes language to propositions and changes the world to facts instead of things. In addition, arranges all theories about meaning, descriptions, proper names and knowledge through the atomic propositions. Furthermore, he based his understanding to the external world, existing of things and the relations between them on logical language.
Alienation and Power in Doris Lessing’s The Fifth Child
Authors: Adil Mohammed Jwan
Published: December 2023

In her novel "The Fifth Child", Doris Lessing illustrates the rigidity of a patriarchal society. The analysis of masculinity in this study shows that society as a whole, in addition to its criminal subcultures, are maintained by the masculine law and order, which encourages prejudice against those who do not fit into the norms of society, believe in authoritarian social systems, and favor rational solutions to moral judgments. Therefore, Lessing has fostered the complexities of social relationships between husband and wife from various socioeconomic strata in terms of a crippled child, Ben. Her unbiased insight into the thinking of society’s underprivileged women as well as those who represent the oppressive established society sheds light on various aspects of patriarchy. For this purpose, the current study intends to investigate Lessing’s treatment of women’s alienation and power. It aims to look at psychological conflicts, social alienation, and social status and power through the art of characterization and plot construction.
The Level of Psychosocial Support of Parents for Children during Kindergarten
Authors: Qadir Ibrahim Hazhar , Abubakr Pirot Rangin
Published: December 2023

The objectives of this study are to realize the level of psychological and social support of parents through the study sample in general and to comprehend the level of psychological and social support based on some variables, such as gender of children, types of kindergarten (public or private), economic status of family. Thus, to achieve the aims of the study, a scale of 19 items was prepared with each section consisting of three options. After extracting the psychometric characteristics (reliability and validity), the research scale was carried out through interviews with the sample of 318 children between the ages of and (5-6) in the kindergartens of Ranya city. Later, the interview forms were collected and the results were analyzed using the SPSS program. The results revealed that the level of psychological and social support generally exists, and based on the variables, no major differences of psychosocial support were noticed in the study sample, except for the gender variable which was higher among girls. Finally, some recommendations and suggestions were presented.
The effectiveness of a counseling program in reducing emotional deprivation in children
Authors: Ismail Othman Sara , Yasin Ibrahim Omer
Published: December 2023

This research aims to identify the effectiveness of a counseling program in reducing feelings of emotional deprivation among children. To achieve the objectives of the study, the researcher used a quasi-experimental approach, and the study sample consisted of (24) children who were randomly distributed to the experimental group (12) and the control group (12). The researcher prepared a measure of emotional deprivation consisting of three dimensions (psychological, social or relationship status, cognitive). The method of apparent honesty, and the stability was measured using three methods, the first (retest) with a value of (0.88) for the emotional deprivation scale, the second (Alfa Cronbach) and the value of stability was (0.86) by the Alpha Cronbach method, and third, the researcher extracted a proven value in a way (splitting midterm) and its value was (0.82 The researcher reached the following results:.

1- There are no statistically significant differences between the average scores of the experimental and control groups in the pre-test and post-test of emotional deprivation.

2- There are no statistically significant differences between the average scores of the experimental and control groups in the pre and post tests in the emotional deprivation scale according to the age group variable.

3 - concluded that the counseling program had an effect in reducing emotional deprivation among children in favor of the experimental group, so the researcher presented some recommendations and suggestions.
Analysis Hydromorphometric of Qandil River Baisn
Authors: Abdul-Aziz Hammed Al-huseiny Hikmat , Mustafa Ibrahim Yadgar
Published: December 2023

The watershed of the Qandil River is located in the northeast of Sulaimani province and the east of the Kurdistan Region. Physio-graphically, the study area is considered to be a rugged mountainous area, astronomically located between the latitudes (36 13 14–36 31 15) north and the longitudes (44 53 52–45 06 13) east. The area of the watershed is (219 km2) The main objective of this study is to identify the environmental characteristics of the study area and draw specific maps for each of them in order to take the necessary steps to analyze the hydromorphometric area. At the beginning of the study, the natural environment of the watershed of the Qandil River and its effects on hydromorphometric factors such as (Geology, altitude, and climate were analyzed. This is by analyzing the characteristics of each of these genders and their effects at different levels at the level of water resources. In the second part, focused on each of the most important geomorphology and morphometry of watersheds of the Qandil river watershed, which consists of two watersheds. In the first topic, after preparing the map of the river irrigation network, the most important geomorphological features of the watersheds are discussed, such as main rivers, branches, irrigation systems, streams and their types. In the second topic, the most important morphometric measurements were doing for watersheds. On this topic, emphasis was placed on the study of their characteristics (area, shape, altitude, and river network). The results of the study show that the natural characteristics of the study area play a major role in the richness of water resources and the rapid flow of streams, tributaries, and the main river of the watershed.
Being in Plato’s idea
Authors: Hamza Aziz Zryan , Hamarashid Said Sarkar , Abubaker Hamad Kaifi
Published: December 2023

Human beings own an intelligent and conscious existence. This distinguishes human beings from other creatures. Human beings are characterized by thinking and asking questions about existence in general, their own existence and the universe. No other creatures possess such an intelligence. We ask why am I here and what is the source and nature of my existence? How did this world come into existence? and many other questions, which have become a problem and occupied the human mind. Before and after the rise of philosophy, the question of existence has been an important issue and an essential problem of all time. Consequently, man has been searching for the truth and answers to his questions.

Man's consciousness is imperfect, which has become the source of his desires for self-completion and perfection. This imperfection is an incentive for continuous efforts to comprehend the meaning of existence. Throughout the ages, philosophers have sought the nature of the question of existence according to the times in which they lived. The answers to this question have varied, each interpreting it in a different way. Plato interpreted the question of existence under the influence of a number of schools and philosophers. The absolute existence of the Elites became the basis of the idealistic theory of eternal change, in which Heraclitus' philosophy became an important characteristic of the perceived world and material appearances, and benefited from Pythagorean numeracy.

    Plato's theory of existence is similar to his theory of knowledge, in a way that rises from the senses to the mind, and divides existence into two parts on this basis: The presence of objects and the presence of consciousness. Plato presents his theory of the origin and creation of the universe, which can be called "Plato's geometric nuclear or mathematical theory" about the nature of existence and the distinction between apparent existence and exemplary existence. In Plato's view of absolute existence, the "idea" and the general existence is the existence from which all things in the world originate.
Erasing discourse identities of narrative hegemony Reading in the novel (The Virgin of Sinjar) by Ward Badr Al-Salem
Authors: Jalil Ibrahim Mohammed Saman
Published: December 2023

This research is an attempt to study identity in the novel “The Virgin of Sinjar” by Ward Badr Al-Salem in the light of a group of rhetorical dominions that practiced erasing all its details and composition towards the Yezidi Kurds, especially that the space of the novel has considered the human component as the axis of the geology of the narrative text, and for this the novel came to bear these dominations through a series of narrative sequences that employed the discourse within the circle of erasure.

The nature of the research required an introduction in which he explained why we chose this novel to be the sample of the research, and paved for him with a preamble in which I talked about identity representation, followed by two sections, the first section was called “Erasing the Yazidi Identity,” while the second section was marked “Erasing the Kurdish Identity.” Both sections included several manifestations, including a conclusion, and a list of sources and references for the research.

This study is based on textual critical reading by tracing the applied procedures of cultural criticism revealing the manifestation of identity representations behind rhetorical dominions in the textual structures of the novel.
The Extent of Consideration to the Cultural and Environmental Principles by the Digital Televisions in the Kurdistan Region
Authors: Mahmood Rasool Hawre , Nasreddi Sulaimani, n Muhammad Salam
Published: December 2023

Digital media is significant in diverse fields of human life, cultural structure in general and environmental culture in particular. It has a special theme in society. This is related to the effects of digital media on the individuals and society in all different areas of human life either negatively or positively. Therefore, taking any field into consideration more than others, it would mean structuring and developing this field by the society.

This paper focuses on the degree of concerning the cultural and environmental principles by the digital televisions in the Kurdistan Region. It aims to determine to what extent have the digital televisions concerned about the principles of cognitive, social and structural principles of environmental culture. For each of these principles, it determines the issues that are dependent on each of these principles and defines the extent of their coverage by the digital televisions of the Kurdistan Region. In order to explain how different environmental contents are in the media products and what environmental issues each of these contents concerned.

The methodology of the current paper is the analytical method to the media products of four digital televisions during a season in three months. The environmental products of the targeted televisions were divided into three groups and several dependent units were analysed for each group.

The research reached several results, the most important among them were the level of caring about the environmental importance was in a good level in terms of evaluating the quality and quantity of their media products during the targeted time of the research. And many environmental products were published within the time of researching. Although the broadcast of the aforementioned environmental products was not only for the purpose of environmental relevance and the channels broadcasted these environmental products for other purposes. However, these products became the recipient's influence on the environmental cultural structure, as well as the researcher's analysis tools.
The Political Economy of Class Formation and Class Structure in the Southern Kurdistan: 1991-2021
Authors: Sabri Ali Dilshad , Kerimi Eyyub
Published: December 2023

This article examines the dynamics of class formation from a historical sociology perspective after the formation of the Kurdistan Regional Government (KRG), roughly from 1991 to 2021. It then reviews the KRG period (1991-2021) to trace the process of class formation in the newly-born government. After that, the researchers explore the pattern and nature of class structure and the state in the Southern Kurdistan from 1991 to 2021. This article presents the role of the world economy and the Southern Kurdistan political parties in class formation. For example, the government relied on the selling of natural resources such as crude oil, and a small proportion of people received a tremendous amount of wealth from the government by utilizing political power, and their class position changed to a new one, which is a bourgeois class. As this is a historical sociology study, the following theories will be used: Dependency theory and the world-systems theory are essential in this article because they will evaluate the relationship between classes and compare the Southern Kurdistan with other countries in the capitalist world system. The qualitative methods which have been used in this article include critical analysis of written sources and secondary data, including official statistics of the KRG.
The Cancellation of Documentary Credit in Iraqi Trade Law Compared to the Standards of the International Chamber of Commerce (UCP 600)
Authors: Akrem Ali Taha , Othman Ali Younis
Published: December 2023

This research is about (the cancellation of documentary Credit in Iraqi Trade law compared to the standards of the International Chamber of Commerce (UCP 600)). It is an analytical and comparative study, it is a scientific attempt that sheds light on how to cancel the documentary credit and its impact and effects in accordance with international standards in the International Chamber of Commerce (UCP 600), and compares it with the Iraqi Trade Law to identify deficiencies in Iraqi law. In order to be able in the near future to complete the legal deficiencies in Iraqi law and to comply with international standards.

Documentary credit is an important method in the field of international trade that makes commercial movement fast between countries and eliminates fear and anxiety among merchants and those doing business because fear and anxiety ultimately slow down commercial activity. Undoubtedly, the law must take its course to regulate these activities in the best manner.

Also, in the end, this research presents a set of results and suggestions, such as the solution to readers and researchers, which must be taken into account upon amending the Iraqi Trade law in the future.
Релігія, розваги, різнобарвність: досвід модерації та аналізу ментального мапування повоєнної відбудови
Authors: Tashchenko Anna
Published: December 2023

Стаття презентує результати дослідження культурних продуктів творчої майстерні-відбудови України, проведеної у травні 2023 року факультетом соціології КНУ імені Тараса Шевченка в рамках КНУ ЕКСПО 2023. Використовуючи метод ментального мапування, учасники візуально конструювали свої уявлення про вигляд своїх рідних міст та селищ або всієї України після завершення повномасштабної російської агресії. Результати якісного контент-аналізу створених ментальних мап характеризують застосовані учасниками ціннісні контексти, відображені фактори інвестиційної привабливості й використані особливості візуальної комунікації. Проведений у статті аналіз показав, що у повоєнний період слід очікувати збереження позитивного ставлення до церкви, активізацію споживання товарів та послуг від розважальних індустрій і синтез цінностей. Отримані підсумки підкреслюють успішне застосування у ментальних мапах разом із функціональними атрибутами проєктів відбудови елементів емоційного впливу посередництвом кольорового оформлення, проте рекомендують звернути увагу на важливість розвитку культури візуалізації м’яких факторів привабливості для привертання інвестицій у відбудову
Image Encryption Implementation by Using Memristor Based Chaotic Systems and DNA Coding
Authors: CANDAN Cagri , ULUTAŞ Hasan
Published: December 2023

The rapid advancement of internet technologies has accentuated the need for robust data security mechanisms, particularly in the realm of image transmission. Addressing this, our study introduces a cutting-edge encryption system that blends arithmetic operations with DNA-inspired biological processes and the complexity of chaotic systems, presenting a significant evolution in encryption methodologies. The system employs a synergetic fusion of DNA-based encryption and XOR operations, bolstered by a memristor-based chaotic system, to heighten the security barriers of image encryption. This innovative approach not only provides a secure means to transmit images over the internet but also lays new groundwork in the field of cryptographic research. Rigorous security analyses, including correlation, histogram, and differential attack assessments, are performed, with the findings validating the robustness and efficacy of the encryption process. The outcomes of this research extend the discourse on data security, offering a fortified method that could revolutionize the protection of information in an increasingly digitalized world.
PIONEERING EXPERIMENTAL PROTAGONISTS IN TURKISH CINEMA
Authors: KÖKSAL Selma
Published: December 2023

From the discovery of filmmaking 127 years ago, narrative in cinema has developed stories in parallel with the two basic theories of cinematography, realistic film theory and formalist film theory, as well as with the contributions
of experimental, feminist or other different approaches. The history of storytelling, dating to more than thousand years, is considered to culminate in a three-fold separation or three different types of telling stories: the Epos,
Lyricos and Drama. The following will examine three pioneering films and their protagonists, Cabbar by Yılmaz Güney’s Umut, Zebercet by Ömer Kavur’s Anayurt Oteli and Mahmut by Nuri Bilge Ceylan’s Uzak, shot with a realistic style,
and to reveal how the directors shaped their lead character and what kind of an experience they offered to the audience through them. Hence, the presentation of the characters in the movies mentioned above will be examined considering
their own cinematic language and form, through a cooperation with the screenwriter-director, who handled, their subject from an objective point of view, leaving the audience their own interpretation.
A SPECIAL TECHNIQUE OF ISLAMIC CERAMIC PRODUCTION: MINAI
Authors: IŞIKHAN Serap
Published: December 2023

Minai, İran bölgesinde 12. ve 13. yy. arasında ortaya çıkmış çini ve seramik sanatının en ilginç tekniklerinden biridir. Desen, renk ve konu bakımından minyatüre en yakın teknik olan minai; sıraltı, sıriçi ve sırüstü uygulamalarının
karışımıdır. Birçok yerli ve yabancı araştırmacı tarafından incelenen minaili seramiklerin üretim teknolojisi üzerine farklı görüş ve fikirler ortaya atılmıştır. Ancak kazı çalışmaları sonucu minai tekniği hakkındaki bilimsel analizler
ve raporlar, bu tekniğin ayrıntılarını giderek gün yüzüne çıkarmaktadır. Başlarda bu teknik Ebul Kasım’ın el yazmasında belirttiği gibi sıraltı ve sırüstü uygulamaların karışımı olarak bilinirken, günümüzde yapılan analiz raporları
bir sıriçi uygulamanın da varlığını göstermektedir. Bu çalışmada, minaili seramiklerin üretim teknolojisinin netlik kazanmasına katkıda bulunan kaynaklar ve çeşitli araştırmalar incelenmiş, minai teknik ve teknolojisinin uygulanışı
ve gelişim süreci ele alınmıştır.
HOW DEMOGRAPHIC VARIABLES IMPACT ONLINE CONSUMER BEHAVIOR TOWARDS ONLINE SHOPPING: THE CASE OF YEMEN
Authors: MURSHED Nasr Abdulaziz
Published: December 2023

This study investigates the demographic factors influencing Yemeni consumers' online shopping behavior. The findings reveal that demographic factors, such as gender, age, education, and occupation, do not significantly influence various
aspects of online shopping behavior. Instead, findings reveal that income level, employment status, previous online shopping experience, and travel experience abroad have a significant impact on consumers' online shopping behavior.
The study's findings suggest that the digital age has created a more level playing field for online shoppers, with traditional demographic factors becoming less influential. It also emphasizes the need for policies that foster
digital inclusion and targeted marketing strategies that account for the diverse preferences and expectations of Yemeni consumers. The article concludes by recommending policymakers, businesses, and marketers prioritize digital
literacy, expand internet access, bridge the digital divide, and develop marketing strategies that appeal to a diverse consumer base.
INVESTIGATION OF OBESITY PREVALENCE IN NURSING DEPARTMENT STUDENTS
Authors: SEVİMLİ Sevcan , BAŞPINAR Sebiha GÖLÜNÜK , SUNUCU KARAFAKIOĞLU Yasemin
Published: December 2023

Her geçen gün artan obezite sorunu birçok araştırmacı tarafından vurgulanmaktadır. Bu araştırmamızda da hemşirelik bölümü öğrencilerinin, obezite prevelanslarının ve obezitenin biyokimyasal parametreler ile ilişkisinin incelenmesi
amaçlanmıştır. Bu çalışma Uşak Üniversitesi Hemşirelik bölümü 1.2. 3.ve 4. sınıflarının bulunduğu toplam 80 kadın öğrencinin gönüllü katılımı ile oluşmuştur. Araştırma için gerekli izinler alınmıştır. Katılımcıların HDL, LDL, Kolesterol,
Glikoz, Trigliserid, VLDL kan değerleri, Vücut Kitle İndeksi(VKİ), bel, kalça, basen çevre ölçümleri, kalça çap ölçümleri ve BIA (Bioelektrical Impedance Analysis) ile yağ değerleri tespit edilmiştir. VKİ bakımından grup I (VKİ≤18,4
zayıf), grup II (18,5-24,9 normal), grup III ( 25,0-29,9 fazla kilolu), grup IV (30,0-34,9 şişman), grup V (35,0-44,9 obez), ve grup VI (45≤ BKİ aşırı obez) olarak kabul edilmiştir. Araştırmada sınıflar arası obezite prevelans
değerlerinde, kan parametrelerinde, bel ve basen çevre değerlerinde, fiziksel aktivite düzeylerinde istatistiksel olarak anlamlılık görülmezken (p>0.05), sınıflar arası kalça çevre ölçümlerinde 4. sınıf öğrencilerinin 36.44
ile en yüksek ortalama değere sahip oldukları görülmüştür. 1.,2.,3. ve 4. sınıf öğrencileri arasında obezite prevalans değerlerinde fark görülmemiştir. Ancak fiziksel ölçümde 4.sınıfların sonuçlarının 1.2.3.sınıflardan kalça çevresinin
farklı olduğu görülmüştür. Yine obezite ile ilişkili biyokimyasal parametrelerde de sınıflar arası anlamlı bir farklılık gözlenmemiştir. Hemşirelik bölümü öğrencilerinin obezite risk faktörlerinin öğrencilik dönemlerinde oluşmadığı
görülmüştür. Ancak literatürde çalışma hayatının obezite prevalans riski oluşturduğu bildirilmektedir. Bu nedenle obezite prevalansı ve risk durumlarının çalışma hayatının farklı dönemlerde kontrol edilmesi önerilmektedir.
THE EFFECT OF CORPORATE IMAGE ON PATIENT SATISFACTION: RESEARCH ON PRIVATE HOSPITALS
Authors: FENER Esra
Published: December 2023

Sağlık kurumlarının kuruluş amacı hedef kitlesinde bulunan hastalara sağlık hizmeti sunmaktır. Sağlık kurumlarının çevrelerinde olumlu olarak tanınması ve varlığını sürdürebilmesi, hizmet verdiği hastalarda memnuniyet yaratması ile
mümkündür. Bu çalışmanın amacı, hasta deneyimleri sonucunda kurumlar hakkında edinilen izlenimlerle oluşan kurumsal imajın hasta memnuniyeti üzerindeki etkisinin ortaya konmasıdır. Araştırma, ilişkisel tarama modeli ile yapılmış
olup ayrıca kesitsel nitelik taşımaktadır. İstanbul ilinde özel hastanelerden hizmet almış kişiler üzerinde yapılan bu çalışmada, araştırma verilerinin elde edilmesinde anket yöntemi uygulanmıştır. Araştırma kapsamında 446 katılımcıdan
elde edilen verilere göre kurumsal imaj ve hasta memnuniyeti arasında yüksek düzeyde korelasyon bulunduğu ve kurumsal imajın hasta memnuniyeti üzerinde anlamlı ve pozitif yönde etkisinin bulunduğu belirlenmiştir (β=1,171, p<0,05).
Aynı zamanda değişkenler arasındaki yüksek korelasyon hem kurumsal imajın hem de hasta memnuniyetinin birbirini destekleyen iki değişken olduğunu göstermektedir. Sektörde rekabet avantajı sağlamak ve sürdürülebilir rekabet üstünlüğü
elde etmek isteyen sağlık kurumlarına kurumsal imaj çalışmalarına önem vermeleri ve kurumsal imajlarını pozitif yönde geliştirmeleri önerilmektedir.
STONE VESSELS IN KARAMAN MUSEUM
Authors: YILDIZLI Mustafa
Published: December 2023

Bu çalışmada Karaman Müzesine satın alma yoluyla kazandırılan 14 adet taş kap değerlendirilmiştir. Taş kap yayınlarının az olması ve diğer arkeolojik buluntulara göre daha az çalışılmış olması nedeniyle burada taş kaplarla ilgili alan
çalışmalarına katkı sağlamak amaçlanmıştır. 6 alabastron, 1 thymiaterion, 5 havan ve 2 havaneli olmak üzere toplam 14 taş kap incelenmiştir. 2 alabastron Miken tipi, 4 alabastron klasik Attik tipinde yapılmıştır ve malzemesi alabasterdir.
Alabastronlar koku kabı olarak kadınlar ve erkekler tarafından kullanılmıştır ve mezarlara ölü hediyesi olarak da bırakılmıştır. Thymiaterion tapınaklarda, saraylarda, evlerde ve nekropollerde ayinler sırasında kullanılan tütsü
kabıdır. Aynı zamanda hoş kokular yayması amacıyla kadınlar tarafından günlük yaşamda evlerde kullanıldığı bilinmektedir. Günlük yaşamda tahılların ve bitkilerin dövülmesinde veya ezilmesinde taştan yapılmış havan ve havanelleri
tercih edilmiştir. Bu kaplar beslenme kültürünün yanı sıra tıpta ilaç ve merhem hazırlamada, kozmetikte krem ve koku yapımında, zeytin işliklerinde presleme sonrası zeytinyağı aktarılmış, şarap işliklerinde ise şıranın bekletildiği
kap olmuştur.
FAMILY PLANNING USE AND RELATED FACTORS OF MARRIED WOMEN IN REPRODUCTIVE AGE
Authors: Açan Canan , Hacıağaoğlu Nazlı , Öner Can , Çetin Hüseyin , Şimşek Engin Ersin
Published: December 2023

Aim: The purpose of this study was to assess the utilization of family planning and associated factors among married women of reproductive age who presented at the Kartal Dr. Lutfi Kirdar City Hospital Education Family Health Centre.
Methods: The cross-sectional study was completed with 304 participants. The study data were collected with a data collection questionnaire created by the researchers. The data of the study were analyzed in SPSS 28.0 software. In
all tests, the significance level was accepted as p<0.05. Results: The mean age of the participants was 36.3±6.5 years. It was observed that 26.0% (n=79) of the participants had a history of unintended pregnancy and 54.2% (n=165)
of the participants were using one of the modern family planning methods. The most commonly used method was a condom (40.6%; n=67). The most common sources of information about family planning were the TV and the Internet. There
was a significant relationship between the contraceptive status of the participants and the employment status, and between the time between pregnancies and contraception. Conclusions: It was observed that the rate of modern method
use was not adequate. Taking measures to increase the use of modern methods will be beneficial in preventing unwanted pregnancies.