bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mouse Maternal High-Fat Intake Dynamically Programmed mRNA m6A Modifications in Adipose and Skeletal Muscle Tissues in Offspring
Authors: Li Xiao , Yang Jing , Zhu Youbo , Liu Yuan , Shi Xin’e , Yang Gongshe
Published: August 2016

Epigenetic mechanisms have an important role in the pre- and peri-conceptional programming by maternal nutrition. Yet, whether or not RNA m6A methylation—an old epigenetic marker receiving increased attention recently—is involved remains an unknown question. In this study, mouse high-fat feeding prior to conception was shown to induce overweight and glucose intolerant dams, which then continued to be exposed to a high-fat diet during gestation and lactation. The dams on a standard diet throughout the whole experiment were used as a control. Results showed that maternal high-fat intake impaired postnatal growth in male offspring, indicated by decreased body weight and Lee’s index at 3, 8 and 15 weeks old, but the percentages of visceral fat and tibialis anterior relative to the whole body weights were significantly increased at eight weeks of age. The maternal high-fat exposure significantly increased mRNA N6-methyladenosine (m6A) levels in visceral fat at three weeks old, combined with downregulated Fat mass and obesity-associated gene (FTO) and upregulated Methyltransferase like 3 (METTL3) transcription, and these changes were reversed at eight weeks of age. In the tibialis anterior muscle, the maternal high-fat diet significantly enhanced m6A modifications at three weeks, and lowered m6A levels at 15 weeks of age. Accordingly, FTO transcription was significantly inhibited at three weeks and stimulated at 15 weeks of age, and METTL3 transcripts were significantly improved at three weeks. Interestingly, both FTO and METTL3 transcription was significantly elevated at eight weeks of age, and yet the m6A modifications remained unchanged. Our study showed that maternal high-fat intake could affect mRNA m6A modifications and its related genes in offspring in a tissue-specific and development-dependent way, and provided an interesting indication of the working of the m6A system during the transmission from maternal nutrition to subsequent generations.
Quantum Nanochemistry: 5-Volume Set. By Mihai V. Putz
Authors: Čársky Petr
Published: August 2016

This book, with its 2889 pages in ﬁve volumes, represents an impressive piece of work written by a single author.[...]
Isolation and Characterization of a Glycosyl Hydrolase Family 16 β-Agarase from a Mangrove Soil Metagenomic Library
Authors: Mai Zhimao , Su Hongfei , Zhang Si
Published: August 2016

A mangrove soil metagenomic library was constructed and a β-agarase gene designated as AgaML was isolated by functional screening. The gene encoded for a 659-amino-acids polypeptide with an estimated molecular mass of 71.6 kDa. The deduced polypeptide sequences of AgaML showed the highest identity of 73% with the glycoside hydrolase family 16 β-agarase from Microbulbifer agarilyticus in the GenBank database. AgaML was cloned and highly expressed in Escherichia coli BL21(DE3). The purified recombinant protein, AgaML, showed optimal activity at 50 °C and pH 7.0. The kinetic parameters of Km and Vmax values toward agarose were 4.6 mg·mL−1 and 967.5 μM·min−1·mg−1, respectively. AgaML hydrolyzed the β-1,4-glycosidic linkages of agar to generate neoagarotetraose (NA4) and neoagarohexaose (NA6) as the main products. These characteristics suggest that AgaML has potential application in cosmetic, pharmaceuticals and food industries.
Inflammatory Cutaneous Diseases in Renal Transplant Recipients
Authors: Savoia Paola , Cavaliere Giovanni , Zavattaro Elisa , Veronese Federica , Fava Paolo
Published: August 2016

Kidney transplant recipients frequently suffer from skin infections and malignancies, possibly due to the effects of long-term immunosuppressive therapy. While the relationships between immunosuppression and these pathological conditions have been widely investigated, little is known about the relative incidence and characteristics of inflammatory skin diseases in this type of patient. In this study, we analyze the incidence of a number of inflammatory cutaneous diseases in a cohort of patients who underwent kidney transplantation. Although our study shows a relatively low incidence of these pathologies in transplanted patients—in agreement with the general action of immunosuppressant therapies in reducing inflammation—we scored a different efficacy of the various immunosuppressive regimens on inflammatory and autoimmune skin diseases. This information can be key for designing immunosuppressive regimens and devising accurate follow-up protocols.
Order, Disorder, and Everything in Between
Authors: DeForte Shelly , Uversky Vladimir
Published: August 2016

In addition to the “traditional” proteins characterized by the unique crystal-like structures needed for unique functions, it is increasingly recognized that many proteins or protein regions (collectively known as intrinsically disordered proteins (IDPs) and intrinsically disordered protein regions (IDPRs)), being biologically active, do not have a specific 3D-structure in their unbound states under physiological conditions. There are also subtler categories of disorder, such as conditional (or dormant) disorder and partial disorder. Both the ability of a protein/region to fold into a well-ordered functional unit or to stay intrinsically disordered but functional are encoded in the amino acid sequence. Structurally, IDPs/IDPRs are characterized by high spatiotemporal heterogeneity and exist as dynamic structural ensembles. It is important to remember, however, that although structure and disorder are often treated as binary states, they actually sit on a structural continuum.
Compositions, Formation Mechanism, and Neuroprotective Effect of Compound Precipitation from the Traditional Chinese Prescription Huang-Lian-Jie-Du-Tang
Authors: Zhang Chenze , Zhao Rui , Yan Wenqiang , Wang Hui , Jia Menglu , Zhu Nailiang , Zhu Yindi , Zhang Yuzhong , Wang Penglong , Lei Haimin
Published: August 2016

Compounds in the form of precipitation (CFP) are universally formed during the decocting of Chinese prescriptions, such as Huang-Lian-Jie-Du-Tang (HLJDT). The formation rate of HLJDT CFP even reached 2.63% ± 0.20%. The identification by liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LC-MSn) proved that the main chemical substances of HLJDT CFP are baicalin and berberine, which is coincident with the theory that the CFP might derive from interaction between acidic and basic compounds. To investigate the formation mechanism of HLJDT CFP, baicalin and berberine were selected to synthesize a simulated precipitation and then the baicalin–berberine complex was obtained. Results indicated that the melting point of the complex interposed between baicalin and berberine, and the UV absorption, was different from the mother material. In addition, 1H-NMR integral and high-resolution mass spectroscopy (HR-MS) can validate that the binding ratio was 1:1. Compared with baicalin, the chemical shifts of H and C on glucuronide had undergone significant changes by 1H-, 13C-NMR, which proved that electron transfer occurred between the carboxylic proton and the lone pair of electrons on the N atom. Both HLJDT CFP and the baicalin–berberine complex showed protective effects against cobalt chloride-induced neurotoxicity in differentiated PC12 cells. It is a novel idea, studying the material foundation of CFP in Chinese prescriptions.
Recent Prospects in the Inline Monitoring of Nanocomposites and Nanocoatings by Optical Technologies
Authors: Bugnicourt Elodie , Kehoe Timothy , Latorre Marcos , Serrano Cristina , Philippe Séverine , Schmid Markus
Published: August 2016

Nanostructured materials have emerged as a key research field in order to confer materials with unique or enhanced properties. The performance of nanocomposites depends on a number of parameters, but the suitable dispersion of nanoparticles remains the key in order to obtain the full nanocomposites’ potential in terms of, e.g., flame retardance, mechanical, barrier, thermal properties, etc. Likewise, the performance of nanocoatings to obtain, for example, tailored surface affinity with selected liquids (e.g., for self-cleaning ability or anti-fog properties), protective effects against flame propagation, ultra violet (UV) radiation or gas permeation, is highly dependent on the nanocoating’s thickness and homogeneity. In terms of recent advances in the monitoring of nanocomposites and nanocoatings, this review discusses commonly-used offline characterization approaches, as well as promising inline systems. All in all, having good control over both the dispersion and thickness of these materials would help with reaching optimal and consistent properties to allow nanocomposites to extend their use.
Study on Utilization of Carboxyl Group Decorated Carbon Nanotubes and Carbonation Reaction for Improving Strengths and Microstructures of Cement Paste
Authors: Yan Xiantong , Cui Hongzhi , Qin Qinghua , Tang Waiching , Zhou Xiangming
Published: August 2016

Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have excellent mechanical properties and can be used to reinforce cement-based materials. On the other hand, the reaction product of carbonation with hydroxides in hydrated cement paste can reduce the porosity of cement-based materials. In this study, a novel method to improve the strength of cement paste was developed through a synergy of carbon nanotubes decorated with carboxyl group and carbonation reactions. The experimental results showed that the carboxyl group (–COOH) of decorated carbon nanotubes and the surfactant can control the morphology of the calcium carbonate crystal of carbonation products in hydrated cement paste. The spindle-like calcium carbonate crystals showed great morphological differences from those observed in the conventional carbonation of cement paste. The spindle-like calcium carbonate crystals can serve as fiber-like reinforcements to reinforce the cement paste. By the synergy of the carbon nanotubes and carbonation reactions, the compressive and flexural strengths of cement paste were significantly improved and increased by 14% and 55%, respectively, when compared to those of plain cement paste.
RETRACTED: Post-Intake of S-Ethyl Cysteine and S-Methyl Cysteine Improved LPS-Induced Acute Lung Injury in Mice
Authors: Hsia Te-chun , Yin Mei-chin
Published: August 2016

The effects of S-ethyl cysteine (SEC) and S-methyl cysteine (SMC) on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced acute lung injury in mice were examined. Eight hours after LPS challenge, SEC or SMC was supplied in drinking water at 0.5% or 1% for 3 days. LPS increased lung myeloperoxidase activity, neutrophil counts and edema. SEC or SMC post-intake attenuated these events. SEC or SMC suppressed LPS-induced lung expression of cyclooxygenase-2, nuclear factor-κB and mitogen-activated protein kinase, and lowered the generation of tumor necrosis factor-alpha, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 and prostaglandin E2. LPS enhanced the expression of p47phox, gp91phox, Bax and cleaved caspase-3, and increased the production of reactive oxygen species in the lung. SEC or SMC post-intake reversed these alterations. These findings suggest that these agents could protect the lung through their anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidative and anti-apoptotic activities.
Serum Retinol Concentrations, Race, and Socioeconomic Status in of Women of Childbearing Age in the United States
Authors: Hanson Corrine , Lyden Elizabeth , Abresch Chad , Anderson-Berry Ann
Published: August 2016

Background: Vitamin A is an essential nutrient during pregnancy and throughout the lifecycle due to its role in the development of critical organ systems. Because maternal tissue is progressively depleted of vitamin A to supply fetal demands, women who become pregnant while possessing marginal vitamin A reserves are at increased risk of vitamin A inadequacy as pregnancy progresses. Few studies have assessed the relationship between socioeconomic factors and retinol status in women of childbearing age. Methods: We used the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) to assess the relationship between serum retinol concentrations and socioeconomic factors in women of childbearing age. Women 14–45 years of age (n = 3170) from NHANES cycles 2003–2004 and 2005–2006 were included. Serum retinol concentrations were divided into categories according to World Health Organization criteria. All statistical procedures accounted for the weighted data and complex design of the NHANES sample. A p-value of < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: The poverty score and race were significantly associated with vitamin A status after adjustment for confounders. Odds of retinol concentrations of <1.05 µmol/L were 1.85 times higher for those of lower socioeconomic status when compared to those of higher status (95% CI: 1.12–3.03, p = 0.02), and 3.1 times higher for non-Hispanic blacks when compared to non-Hispanic whites (95% CI: 1.50–6.41, p = 0.002). Dietary intakes of retinol activity equivalents were significantly lower in groups with higher poverty scores (p = 0.004). Conclusion There appear to be disparities in serum vitamin A levels in women of childbearing age related to income and race in the United States.
Assessment of the Dietary Intake of Schoolchildren in South Africa: 15 Years after the First National Study
Authors: Steyn Nelia , Eksteen Gabriel , Senekal Marjanne
Published: August 2016

There has not been a national dietary study in children in South Africa since 1999. Fortification of flour and maize meal became mandatory in October 2003 to address micronutrient deficiencies found in the national study in 1999. The purpose of this review was to identify studies done after 1999 in schoolchildren, 6–15 years old, in order to determine whether dietary intakes reflected improvements in micronutrients, namely: iron, zinc, vitamin A, folate, thiamine, riboflavin, vitamin B6, and niacin. An electronic and hand search was done to identify all studies complying with relevant inclusion criteria. The search yielded 10 studies. Overall, there is a paucity of dietary studies which have included the fortified nutrients; only four, of which only one, reported on all micronutrients; making it difficult to determine whether fortification has improved the micronutrient intake of schoolchildren. This is further complicated by the fact that different dietary methods were used and that studies were only done in three of the nine provinces and thus are not generalizable. The results of these studies clearly point to the importance of doing a national study on the dietary intake of schoolchildren in order to confirm the outcomes of the fortification process.
The Effect of Green Tea Ingestion and Interval Sprinting Exercise on the Body Composition of Overweight Males: A Randomized Trial
Authors: Gahreman Daniel , Heydari Mehrdad , Boutcher Yati , Freund Judith , Boutcher Stephen
Published: August 2016

The combined effect of green tea ingestion and interval sprinting exercise on body and abdominal fat of overweight males was investigated. Participants were randomly assigned into control (C), green tea (GT), interval sprinting exercise (ISE), and green tea and ISE (GT + ISE) groups. The GT, GT + ISE, and C groups consumed three GT capsules daily. The ISE and GT + ISE groups completed 36 ISE sessions over 12 weeks. Forty eight overweight males with a mean BMI of 28.5 ± 0.92 kg/m2 and age of 26 ± 0.7 years acted as participants. There was a significant reduction in total and abdominal fat mass for the ISE and GT + ISE groups, p < 0.05, however, total and abdominal fat mass did not significantly change in the GT and C groups. There was a significant increase in total lean mass, p < 0.05, after the intervention for the ISE and GT + ISE groups only. There was a significant increase in fat oxidation during submaximal aerobic exercise, p < 0.05, after the intervention for the ISE, GT + ISE, and GT groups with no change for the C group. Following the 12-week intervention the ISE and GT + ISE groups, compared to C, recorded a significantly greater decrease in body and abdominal fat, and a significant increase in total lean mass. Ingestion of green tea by itself, however, did not result in a significant decrease in body or abdominal fat, but increased fat utilization during submaximal exercise. The combination of 12 weeks of GT ingestion and ISE did not result in greater total and abdominal fat reduction compared to 12 weeks of ISE alone.
Self-Assertion in the Public Sphere: The Jewish Press on the Eve of Legal Emancipation
Authors: Hecht Dieter
Published: August 2016

Jews like Adolf Fischhof and Ludwig August Frankl were prominent participants in the revolution of 1848. Their speeches, poems, and portraits circulated in Vienna and throughout the Empire. With the suppression of the revolution, most of these prominent Jews had to either leave Vienna or retreat to the private sphere. Only in the late 1850s did Jews regain their public presence, starting with the opening of the Leopoldstaedter Tempel in 1858 and the building of the Ringstrasse from 1860 onwards. Many Jews hoped that the new liberal era would grant them civil rights and legal emancipation. Jewish intellectuals and journalists supported this struggle from within and outside the growing Jewish community. An important weapon in their struggle were Jewish newspapers. These newspapers not only provided information, but also served as mouthpieces for different Jewish movements. They featured biographies with portraits (in words and images) of distinguished Jewish leaders (mostly men and a few women), which were supposed to present the social achievements of a certain group within Jewish society to a broader audience. In fact, these portraits served as a form of self-assertion for the publisher as well as for the audience. It projected the message that Jews not only merited emancipation, but also struggled for it on various levels. The paper therefore addresses questions of biography and the (Jewish) identity these portraits at once reflected and shaped.
Advanced Three-Dimensional Finite Element Modeling of a Slow Landslide through the Exploitation of DInSAR Measurements and in Situ Surveys
Authors: De Novellis Vincenzo , Castaldo Raffaele , Lollino Piernicola , Manunta Michele , Tizzani Pietro
Published: August 2016

In this paper, we propose an advanced methodology to perform three-dimensional (3D) Finite Element (FE) modeling to investigate the kinematical evolution of a slow landslide phenomenon. Our approach benefits from the effective integration of the available geological, geotechnical and satellite datasets to perform an accurate simulation of the landslide process. More specifically, we fully exploit the capability of the advanced Differential Synthetic Aperture Radar Interferometry (DInSAR) technique referred to as the Small BAseline Subset (SBAS) approach to provide spatially dense surface displacement information. Subsequently, we analyze the physical behavior characterizing the observed landslide phenomenon by means of an inverse analysis based on an optimization procedure. We focus on the Ivancich landslide phenomenon, which affects a residential area outside the historical center of the town of Assisi (Central Italy). Thanks to the large amount of available information, we have selected this area as a representative case study highlighting the capability of advanced 3D FE modeling to perform effective risk analyses of slow landslide processes and accurate urban development planning. In particular, the FE modeling is constrained by using the data from 7 litho-stratigraphic cross-sections and 62 stratigraphic boreholes; and the optimization procedure is carried out using the SBAS-DInSAR retrieved results by processing 39 SAR images collected by the Cosmo-SkyMed (CSK) constellation in the 2009–2012 time span. The achieved results allow us to explore the spatial and temporal evolution of the slow-moving phenomenon and via comparison with the geomorphological data, to derive a synoptic view of the kinematical activity of the urban area affected by the Ivancich landslide.
The Availability of Space Service for Inter-Satellite Links in Navigation Constellations
Authors: Tang Yinyin , Wang Yueke , Chen Jianyun
Published: August 2016

Global navigation satellite systems (GNSS) are widely used in low Earth orbit (LEO) satellite navigation; however, their availability is poor for users in medium Earth orbits (MEO), and high Earth orbits (HEO). With the increasing demand for navigation from MEO and HEO users, the inadequate coverage of GNSS has emerged. Inter-satellite links (ISLs) are used for ranging and communication between navigation satellites and can also serve space users that are outside the navigation constellation. This paper aims to summarize their application method and analyze their service performance. The mathematical model of visibility is proposed and then the availability of time division ISLs is analyzed based on global grid points. The BeiDou navigation constellation is used as an example for numerical simulation. Simulation results show that the availability can be enhanced by scheduling more satellites and larger beams, while the presence of more users lowers the availability. The availability of navigation signals will be strengthened when combined with the signals from the ISLs. ISLs can improve the space service volume (SSV) of navigation constellations, and are therefore a promising method for navigation in MEO/HEO spacecraft.
Breaking Resilient Patterns of Inequality in Santiago de Chile: Challenges to Navigate towards a More Sustainable City
Authors: Fernández Ignacio , Manuel-Navarrete David , Torres-Salinas Robinson
Published: August 2016

Resilience can have desirable and undesirable consequences. Thus, resilience should not be viewed as a normative desirable goal, but as a descriptor of complex systems dynamics. From this perspective, we apply resilience thinking concepts to assess the dynamics of inequality, spatial segregation, and sustainability in Chile’s capital city of Santiago. Chile’s economy boosted since democracy was restored in 1990, but continuity of neoliberal reforms and transformations of Pinochet’s dictatorship (1973–1990) seem to have locked Chilean cities in resilient, albeit unsustainable, patterns of uneven development. Socio-economic data from Santiago shows highly resilient patterns of urban inequality and segregation from 1992 to 2009 despite democratic efforts, political agendas and discourses packed with calls for reducing poverty and inequality. We present a conceptual model based on the notion of stability landscapes to explore potential trade-offs between resilience and sustainable development. We mapped Santiago’s spatio-temporal inequality trends and explored if these patterns support an inequality-resilience stability landscape. Analysis of temporal and spatial distribution of development assets across four human development dimensions (i.e., income, education, health, democracy) revealed potential socio-political and spatial feedbacks supporting the resilience of inequality and segregation in Santiago. We argue that urban sustainability may require breaking this resilience, a process where bottom-up stressors such as social movements could play a key role.
The Host RNAs in Retroviral Particles
Authors: Telesnitsky Alice , Wolin Sandra
Published: August 2016

As they assemble, retroviruses encapsidate both their genomic RNAs and several types of host RNA. Whereas limited amounts of messenger RNA (mRNA) are detectable within virion populations, the predominant classes of encapsidated host RNAs do not encode proteins, but instead include endogenous retroelements and several classes of non-coding RNA (ncRNA), some of which are packaged in significant molar excess to the viral genome. Surprisingly, although the most abundant host RNAs in retroviruses are also abundant in cells, unusual forms of these RNAs are packaged preferentially, suggesting that these RNAs are recruited early in their biogenesis: before associating with their cognate protein partners, and/or from transient or rare RNA populations. These RNAs’ packaging determinants differ from the viral genome’s, and several of the abundantly packaged host ncRNAs serve cells as the scaffolds of ribonucleoprotein particles. Because virion assembly is equally efficient whether or not genomic RNA is available, yet RNA appears critical to the structural integrity of retroviral particles, it seems possible that the selectively encapsidated host ncRNAs might play roles in assembly. Indeed, some host ncRNAs appear to act during replication, as some transfer RNA (tRNA) species may contribute to nuclear import of human immunodeficiency virus 1 (HIV-1) reverse transcription complexes, and other tRNA interactions with the viral Gag protein aid correct trafficking to plasma membrane assembly sites. However, despite high conservation of packaging for certain host RNAs, replication roles for most of these selectively encapsidated RNAs—if any—have remained elusive.
Quantitative Analysis of Groundwater Recharge in an Arid Area, Northwest China
Authors: Wang Fugang , Li Qinglin , Liu Hongyan , Geng Xinxin
Published: August 2016

The Mixing Cell Model (MCM) is a useful tool that can be applied to areas with limited hydrogeological data, such as arid areas in northwest China, to transform available groundwater hydrochemical data into quantitative information about an aquifer. In this study, we used the MCM to quantify water circulation in the study area and to analyze information such as the supply source composition and proportion of the confined aquifer, the main supply aquifer for local drinking water. The MCM simulation results showed that the confined aquifer in the study area is mainly recharged by leakage of water from the upper unconfined aquifer and lateral flow from the eastern and southern tablelands. Unconfined groundwater and lateral flow contributed to 67.69% and 32.31% of the recharge, respectively. The groundwater circulation model of the study area provided quantitative information about water circulation in different parts of the study area, represented by different cells known as A–F. The information from this model provides a scientific basis for the sustainable use and development of water resources in different parts of the study area.
Strontium Removal in Seawater by Means of Composite Magnetic Nanoparticles Derived from Industrial Sludge
Authors: Tu Yao-Jen , You Chen-Feng , Zhang Zhonghao , Duan Yanping , Fu Jing , Xu Di
Published: August 2016

Novel composite magnetic nanoparticles (CuFe2O4) were synthesized from industrial sludge by acid leaching, chemical exchange, and ferrite processes in the laboratory. For the first time, these products were applied to investigate the Sr adsorption kinetics and the related thermodynamics in seawater. Rapidly enhanced Sr adsorption was observed when the solution pH changed from 2.61 to 10.25. The maximum adsorption capacity was 23.04 mg·g−1 at 318 K (pH 10.25). Sr adsorption decreased with the increase of the ionic strength from 0.01 to 0.5 mol·L−1 at pH 2.61–pH 10.25, indicating that the outer-sphere mechanism was involved in the Sr adsorption at the pH interval. This reaction is spontaneous and endothermic, as indicated by the negative change in the standard free energy (ΔG° = −5.68, −6.45, and −7.23 kJ·mol−1 at 298, 308, and 318 K, respectively) and positive ΔH° value (2.11 kJ·mol−1). The positive ΔS° (9.38 mol−1·K−1) further confirms that the randomness increased at the solid-solution interface during adsorption. These new results indicate that the composite magnetic nanoparticles can be used for the removal of radiogenic 90Sr nuclide in seawater that was released after the 3/11 earthquake offshore of Japan.
Bile Duct Ligation Induces ATZ Globule Clearance in a Mouse Model of α-1 Antitrypsin Deficiency
Authors: Khan Zahida , Yokota Shinichiro , Ono Yoshihiro , Bell Aaron W. , Oertel Michael , Stolz Donna B. , Michalopoulos George K.
Published: August 2016

α-1 Antitrypsin deficiency (A1ATD) can progress to cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma; however, not all patients are susceptible to severe liver disease. In A1ATD, a toxic gain-of-function mutation generates insoluble ATZ “globules” in hepatocytes, overwhelming
protein clearance mechanisms. The relationship between bile acids and hepatocytic autophagy is less clear but may involve altered gene expression pathways. Based on previous findings that bile duct ligation (BDL) induces autophagy, we hypothesized that retained bile acids may have hepatoprotective
effects in PiZZ transgenic mice, which model A1ATD. We performed BDL and partial BDL (pBDL) in PiZZ mice, followed by analysis of liver tissues. PiZZ liver subjected to BDL showed up to 50% clearance of ATZ globules, with increased expression of autophagy proteins. Analysis of transcription
factors revealed significant changes. Surprisingly nuclear TFEB, a master regulator of autophagy, remained unchanged. pBDL confirmed that ATZ globule clearance was induced by localized stimuli rather than diet or systemic effects. Several genes involved in bile metabolism were overexpressed
in globule-devoid hepatocytes, compared to globule-containing cells. Retained bile acids led to a dramatic reduction of ATZ globules, with enhanced hepatocyte regeneration and autophagy. These findings support investigation of synthetic bile acids as potential autophagy-enhancing agents.
A multistressor, multitrait approach to assessing the effects of wind and dust on Eucalyptus tereticornis
Authors: Leonard Ryan J. , McArthur Clare , Hochuli Dieter F.
Published: August 2016

PREMISE OF THE STUDY:

Plants are routinely subjected to multiple environmental stressors, and the ability to respond to these stressors determines species survival and ecological breadth. Despite stressors such as wind and dust significantly influencing plant development, morphology, and chemistry, the combined influence of these factors is yet to be investigated.

METHODS:

We used a manipulative glasshouse approach to compare the morphological, physiological, and biomechanical responses of Eucalyptus tereticornis to the independent and combined effects of wind and dust.

KEY RESULTS:

Wind decreased both E. tereticornis height and stem flexural stiffness. Additionally, wind had no effect on leaf physiology, nor did dust have any significant effect on any of the traits measured.

CONCLUSIONS:

Our results suggest that wind and dust in combination may have an additive effect on several plant traits and provide new insight into the effects and importance of studying wind, dust, and different stress combinations.
Electrical capacitance as a predictor of root dry weight in shrub willow (Salix; Salicaceae) parents and progeny
Authors: Carlson Craig H. , Smart Lawrence B.
Published: August 2016

Premise of the study:

Root biomass is an important trait often disregarded in woody perennial selection due to the challenge and expense of accurately and efficiently measuring large populations. In this study, we aim to develop a simple method that can predict root dry weight within a diverse shrub willow (Salix) breeding population representing species hybrids and their parents using root electrical capacitance (REC).

Methods:

The REC method was tested on plants started from cuttings and grown in pots with potting mix in the greenhouse for 11 wk to assess the relationship of REC with 24 biomass traits and its usefulness in allometric models for root and stem dry biomass.

Results:

Strong linear and positive correlations were found between REC and root dry biomass (r = 0.88). The total proportion of variance of root and stem dry biomass explained by predictors in multiple regression was 85% and 69%, respectively. The relative importance of predictor variables in allometric models was dominated by the contribution of REC.

Discussion:

This work provides an efficient and nondestructive technique to indirectly quantify root biomass of genetically diverse shrub willow progeny, which has great promise for selection of genotypes with varying root biomass and for the accurate estimation of belowground carbon sequestration.
THE CORRELATION OF WATER WITH SETTLEMENT AND TRANSPORTATION NETWORK: A CASE STUDY OF TURKEY
Authors: ATABEYOĞLU Ömer
Published: August 2016

Cities, with their ancient history, are living formations that develop and change constantly. Although there are several economical, safety and transportation reasons for their foundation purposes and for the locations where cities founded, geographical conditions also significantly affect these reasons. One of the most important elements determining the area where the cities have been founded is the water. This article examined how the geographical water resources affect the humankind settlements and the transportation network. The relationships, similarities and differences between transport and water networks were revealed using fractal analysis method. The effect of water on the location of living areas was also determined by using the bufferzone method. Swot analysis was made for evaluated to affects of the roads on ecosystem and landscape. The study was carried out on the base of 81 provinces in Turkey. The roads in the country that was netted with dense transportation networks were passed through considering the geographic elements. Rivers, lakes and seas are important factors in determining the transit routes of the roads. The water elements use the routes for which geographic conditions are the most suitable and this serves as a guide for the transport network. Additionally, provincial and district centers have also been established to be particularly close to the water element due to its landscape and economic factors, the appropriate geographic and climatic conditions.
EMPIRICALLY CONSTRAINED PREDICTIONS FOR METAL-LINE EMISSION FROM THE CIRCUMGALACTIC MEDIUM
Authors: Corlies Lauren , Schiminovich David
Published: August 2016

The circumgalactic medium (CGM) is one of the remaining least constrained components of galaxies and as such has significant potential for advancing galaxy formation theories. In this work, we vary the extragalactic ultraviolet background for a high-resolution cosmological simulation of a Milky-Way-like galaxy and examine the effect on the absorption and emission properties of metals in the CGM. We find that a reduced quasar background brings the column density predictions into better agreement with recent data. Similarly, when the observationally derived physical properties of the gas are compared to the simulation, we find that the simulation gas is always at temperatures approximately 0.5 dex higher. Thus, similar column densities can be produced from fundamentally different gas. However, emission maps can provide complementary information to the line-of-sight column densities to better derive gas properties. From the simulations, we find that the brightest emission is less sensitive to the extragalactic background and that it closely follows the fundamental filamentary structure of the halo. This becomes increasingly true as the galaxy evolves from z = 1 to z = 0 and the majority of the gas transitions to a hotter, more diffuse phase. For the brightest ions (C iii, C iv, O vi), detectable emission can extend as far as 120 kpc at z = 0. Finally, resolution is a limiting factor for the conclusions we can draw from emission observations, but with moderate resolution and reasonable detection limits, upcoming instrumentation should place constraints on the physical properties of the CGM.
TIDALLY INDUCED OFFSET DISKS IN MAGELLANIC SPIRAL GALAXIES
Authors: Pardy Stephen A. , D’Onghia Elena , Athanassoula E. , Wilcots Eric M. , Sheth Kartik
Published: August 2016

Magellanic spiral galaxies are a class of one-armed systems that often exhibit an offset stellar bar and are rarely found around massive spiral galaxies. Using a set of N-body and hydrodynamic simulations, we consider a dwarf–dwarf galaxy interaction as the driving mechanism for the formation of this peculiar class of systems. We investigate here the relation between the dynamical, stellar, and gaseous disk center and the bar. In all our simulations the bar center always coincides with the dynamical center, while the stellar disk becomes highly asymmetric during the encounter, causing the photometric center of the Magellanic galaxy disk to become mismatched with both the bar and the dynamical center. The disk asymmetries persist for almost 2 Gyr, the time that it takes for the disk to be recentered with the bar, and well after the companion has passed. This explains the nature of the offset bar found in many Magellanic-type galaxies, including the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC) and NGC 3906. In particular, these results, once applied to the LMC, suggest that the dynamical center should reside in the bar center instead of the H i center as previously assumed, pointing to a variation in the current estimate of the north component of the LMC proper motion.
Enduring Personality Changes after Intense Stressful Event: Case Report
Authors: Arsova Slavica , Manusheva Nensi , Kopacheva-Barsova Gabriela , Bajraktarov Stojan
Published: August 2016

BACKGROUND: World statistical data show that a large number of individuals suffer from posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) after exposure to the intense traumatic event. PTSD can have a chronic course with enduring changes in the functioning of the person.CASE PRESENTATION: Here we report two adult individuals of different gender and education who were exposed to the extremely severe stressful event after which difficulties in psychological functioning developed. The first case we present is a 46-year-old man, with completed high education, divorced, father of two children, who lives with his parents, and is retired. Disorders appeared 20 years ago when he was exposed to extremely severe stressful events in war circumstances that included captivity, torture, and loss of fellow soldiers. The second case is a 50-year-old female patient, with a university degree, professor of art, married, and mother of two children of whom the son died six years ago. She suffered from disorders after the sudden injury of her son that ended with his death.CONCLUSION: Posttraumatic stress disorder after the intense stress is a risk of development enduring personality changes with serious individual and social consequences.Â
Le « radical », une nouvelle figure de dangerosité carcérale aux contours flous
Authors: de Galembert Claire
Published: August 2016

Résumé La panique morale suscitée par l’attrait de la violence islamiste auprès de la jeunesse est allée de pair avec l’apparition d’une nouvelle figure de dangerosité : celle de jeunes gens qui se radicaliseraient en prison. Pour comprendre quels sont les ressorts et les processus qui font que le « radical », déclaré ou en puissance, s’est imposé dans le langage pénitentiaire comme une catégorie de référence, il convient d’analyser les dispositifs d’étiquetage et de détection qui participent à la construction de ce qui est désigné comme déviant. L’étude des circonstances, du contexte et des acteurs à l’origine de la mise en œuvre d’une politique de détection de ceux qui sont désignés au départ comme des « prosélytes » révèle que les résistances et appropriations hétérogènes de cet outil n’ont pas empêché la catégorie de s’imposer. Le changement terminologique qui s’opère à partir de 2008, via la tentative de substitution au terme « prosélyte » de celui de « radical » ou de « en voie de radicalisation », est symptomatique de l’européanisation de la politique de lutte contre la radicalisation plutôt axée sur une logique de prévention. Reste que l’absence de compréhension partagée de ce qu’est un radical, terme polysémique et flou, prête aux confusions et aux amalgames stigmatisants, exposant tout musulman au soupçon, y compris lorsqu’il cherche à neutraliser le stigmate.
Des « restes » résistants en milieu soninké : esclavage, sens de l’honneur et mécanismes d’émancipation
Authors: N’Diaye Sidi
Published: August 2016

Résumé L’architecture sociale de la communauté soninkée autorise encore la perpétuation de formes anciennes de domination, non seulement par le maintien de stéréotypes mais aussi par des pratiques concrètes de relégation qui imprègnent le champ politique et social mauritanien. Aujourd'hui, nombre de ces pratiques gouvernent les consciences, les imaginaires, et innervent le jeu politique local et national. En outre, vestiges de temps anciens, des conflits autour du contrôle de la terre resurgissent et mettent aux prises « nobles » et catégories « serviles ». Cet agrégat d’éléments met en relief les survivances d’une pratique, l’esclavage, de moins en moins acceptée par des groupes qui, à la faveur de l’évolution des mentalités, des transformations sociétales et d’une élévation à la dignité revendiquée, entendent se définir d’abord par rapport à eux-mêmes. Face aux « restes résistants » de l’esclavage, ces groupes dominés mobilisent discours et stratégies pour s’affranchir de la tutelle de franges importantes de la noblesse soninkée. Noblesse qui, au nom de la tradition et de l’honneur, tente de s’opposer au renversement des féodalités et à l’abolition des formes faussement douces de l’esclavage dans leur communauté d'origine.
Contraintes matérielles et « schizophrénie institutionnelle »
Authors: Mouhanna Christian
Published: August 2016

L'examen des interactions entre magistrats du parquet ou du siège et directeurs de prison montre comment le processus de décisions d'incarcération dans le cadre de petites peines amène ces acteurs, tiraillés entre des politiques répressives et l'impossibilité matérielle de faire exécuter ces peines dans des conditions acceptables, à agir à l'encontre de leurs aspirations et leur ethos professionnel. Autant que la personnalité du délinquant ou les circonstances du délit, les variables intrinsèques au système pénal expliquent le recours ou non à l'incarcération, donnant à celui-ci un caractère apparemment aléatoire et peu lisible pour les justiciables.
ROMPER O CÍRCULO DA ESPIRAL
Authors: Kimura Shoko
Published: August 2016

O texto analisa o conhecimento prévio que o aluno tem a respeito da Geografia e sua importância na organização de um curso. Usando como base empírica uma pesquisa feita desde o ano de 2000 com alunos do curso de Pedagogia da FaE/UFMG, busca-se construir um assoalho teórico que explique o desafio de aprender o ensinar-aprender, mesmo quando o conhecimento geográfico desses alunos é lacunar ou quase ausente.As reflexões rumam na direção de pensar esse desafio colocado ao futuro professor das séries iniciais do Ensino Fundamental, considerando que a transposição didática para as suas séries iniciais é um empreendimento de grande complexidade. Dentre várias circunstâncias, deve-se destacar que o aluno que freqüenta o Ensino Fundamental é um protagonista específico, em vista dos diversos estágios de aprendizagem resultantes das diferenças etárias. Estas, somadas à condição de sujeito histórico-cultural que é o aluno, constituem o centro do desafio colocado ao professor desse nível de ensino
Editorial v.26/27, n.1 (2008/09)
Authors: Geografia - UEM Boletim De
Published: August 2016

Boletim de Geografia
Depressive symptoms and marital adjustment among primary care patients with erectile dysfunction in Umuahia, Nigeria
Authors: Nwakanma Nwaonu C. , Ofoedu John N.
Published: August 2016

Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between erectile dysfunction (ED), marital adjustment and depression.
Methods: The survey was conducted among primary care patients at Federal Medical Centre, Umuahia. Subjects were 678 married, male primary care patients; aged 20–70 years (mean age = 45 years). ED was assessed by International Index of Erectile Function 5 (IIEF-5) score, the presence of clinically significant depressive symptoms was assessed with the 5-item
version of the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (CES-D), and marital adjustment was assessed with the Revised Dyadic Adjustment Scale (RDAS).
Results: The prevalence of probable depression by CES-D and ED by IIEF-5 score was 20.9% and 26.0%, respectively. Marital distress was rampant (62.0%) among subjects with ED (p < 0.05, χ2 = 196.58). Erectile dysfunction was associated with marital adjustment (p < 0.05). Partial correlation revealed that depression affects both ED and marital adjustment, and is closely related to both variables.
Conclusion: Partner involvement and screening for depression should be emphasised in the care of patients with ED.
Unity and catholicity in the Korean Presbyterian Church: An ecumenical Reformed assessment
Authors: Ha Jaegeon
Published: August 2016

I attempt to find the main causes of the serious disunity in the Presbyterian Church in Korea (PCK), which started as one church but is now divided into more than 100 denominations, as well as a solution to promote the unity of the PCK. This attempt starts with an exegesis of Ephesians, with special reference to Ephesians 4:1�16, to understand the biblical principle on this matter. This article draws on a mature ecclesiology and a mature sense of unity as key concepts. After that, the history of the PCK disunity is briefly described, dealing with four major schisms. Based on this historical investigation, the disunity in the PCK is assessed. In addition, the weak sense of unity and weak ecclesiology of the PCK, which played a role in its disunity, are discussed in view of the confessions of faith, the ministry of the word and the Lord�s Supper, and ecumenical efforts in relation to national and international ecumenical organisations. Lastly, contributory suggestions based on the mature sense of unity are offered to the PCK in particular and the Reformed family and all Christian churches in general.Intradisciplinary and/or interdisciplinary implications: In my ecumenical Reformed intradisciplinary assessment of unity and catholicity in the PCK, which started as one church but is now divided into more than 100 denominations, I identify the main causes of serious disunity in the PCK, namely a weak sense of unity, immaturity and secularisation.
Самосопряженные коммутирующие дифференциальные операторы ранга два
Authors: Mironov Andrei Evgen'evich
Published: August 2016

В статье приводится обзор результатов о самосопряженных коммутирующих обыкновенных дифференциальных операторах ранга два. В частности, обсуждается действие автоморфизмов первой алгебры Вейля на множестве коммутирующих дифференциальных операторов с полиномиальными коэффициентами, а также задача построения алгебро-геометрических решений ранга $l>1$ солитонных уравнений.
Библиография: 59 названий.