bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
DAMPAK INDUSTRI PT. GLOBAL COCONUT TERHADAP MASYARAKAT DI DESA RADEY, KECAMATAN TENGA, KABUPATEN MINAHASA SELATAN
Authors: Rasu Andreas ., , Benu Noortje Marsellanie , Manginsela Elsje Pauline
Published: July 2019

The purpose of this study to determine the impact of the presence of Coconut Flour Industry (PT. Global Coconut) to the community in the Radey Village. This research was carried out on members of the village community Radey as respondents. Total respondents 32 people consisting of workers in the industry (25 persons), who did not work in the industry that ordinary members of community (5 persons) and community leaders (2 persons). The study lasted for 3 months from September to November 2016. The sample selection using snowballing method. Types of data collected in this study are primary and secondary data. Primary data is data obtained by direct interview to the respondents. Secondary data is obtained from the Village Office. The data collected concerning Identity Respondents, namely: (1) Name of Respondent, (2) age, expressed in units of years, (3) Level of education, measured by educational level already attained (elementary, junior high, high school, diploma, and University). Data regarding positive or negative impact of the presence of Industry on the community in the village of Radey regarding: (1) Income received before and after working in the company, (2) employment opportunities, (3) business opportunities. The analytical method used in this research is descriptive analysis method qualitative and quantitative modest presented in tabular form. The results of this research showed that the presence of PT Global Agro-Industry Plant in the Radey Village has gave positive and negative impacts for rural communities in the form of increases in income, employment and business opportunity, the new procurement of agricultural roads better and their support for the national celebration activities in the village. The negative impact of such a foul odor had happened only when the management of the rest of the selection in the form of broken coconut and waste production is not done well.Keywords: impact, agro-industry, community, village Radey, South Minahasa District
KARAKTERISTIK TENAGA KERJA PELAKU MOBILITAS SIRKULER DI KECAMATAN KALAWAT KABUPATEN MINAHASA UTARA
Authors: Salama Astrid ., , Katindagho Theodora M. , L.S Benu Olfie
Published: July 2019

This research aims to study the characteristics of circular mobility labor actors in Sub-district of Kalawat and what the encouraging and binding factors that affect labor circular mobility. The data used in this study are primary data and secondary data. The variables used in this study is the characteristics of respondents, the reason for doing the circular mobility, factors that encourage circular mobility, and the binding factor in the area of origin. Data analysis techniques in this research is descriptive and data presented in table format.The results of this study indicate that there is a dominant factor driving of labor force in the Sub-district of Kalawat to do circular mobility such as: education, transportation, and mileage. While the factors that bind labor circular mobility to remain in the Sub-district of Kalawat is the status of home ownership and living expenses.
KINERJA PENYULUH PERTANIAN PADA KELOMPOK TANI PADI SAWAH DESA KOPIWANGKER KECAMATAN LANGOWAN BARAT
Authors: Salu Livia ., , Ruauw Eyverson ., , Moniaga Vicky R.B.
Published: July 2019

The purpose of this research is to know the performance of agriculture extension workers in wetland paddy farmer group in Kopiwangker Village, West Langowan Sub-district, Minahasa District. This research was conducted for 5 months from November 2016 until March 2017. This research uses primary data and secondary data. This research was conducted by direct interview technique, based on the prepared questionnaire to three farmer groups. They are Suka Maju Farmer Group, Esa Group and Tumou Tou farmer group. Each groups taken 3 respondents and 2 members from BP3K so total respondents are 11 people. The results showed that the level of agricultural extension performance in the farmer group in Desa Kopiwangker was quite good in relation to the seven tupoksi studied were the area potential data, the agricultural extension program, the information disseminated to the main actors, the growth of the farmer institution, the increased capacity of the main actors, Key actors of market information, technology and financing and increased production and revenue of key players.
KESESUAIAN LOKASI DAN TANGGAPAN MASYARAKAT UNTUK TEMPAT PEMROSESAN AKHIR (TPA) SAMPAH DI KOTA KOTAMOBAGU
Authors: Gumalangit Hariyono ., , Tamod Zetly ., , Polii Bobby .,
Published: July 2019

This study aims to analyze the appropriate location and community responses for waste landfill sites and to determine the factors that limit the level of land suitability for waste landfill in Kota Kotamobagu. The study was conducted in the designated area for the development of the Kotamobagu Municipal TPA location based on the RTRW document of Kota Kotamobagu for three months from February to March 2017. This research is observational. Research data is analyzed through quantitative descriptive method. The results showed that in the area designated as the location of TPA development in Kota Kotamobagu there is one candidate location that enter on the category of potential worthy in the area of West Mongkonai Village based on the criteria of the feasibility of SNI 03-3241-1994. Communities around the landfill development / expansion sites for the Small Poyowa TPA tend to accept the presence of waste landfill and for the development site of West Mongkonai waste landfill, people in the area tend to deny the existence of waste landfill sites. The limiting factor of land suitability for the landfill location in Kota Kotamobagu is classified into two namely the main limiting factor that is the social environment of the community in the form of rejection of the landfill location by the community around the landfill site and the physical limiting factor which consists of land permeability, rain intensity and agricultural area.
PENERAPAN FUNGSI MANAJEMEN KELOMPOK TANI JAGUNG DI DESA LEMBEAN
Authors: Fakdawer Obeth ., , Memah Melsje Y. , Sondakh Lorraine W. Th.
Published: July 2019

The purposes of this research are: (1) To Identify Application of Management Function of Maize Farmer Group in Lembean Village and (2) Analyze Application of Management Function of MaizeFarmer Group In Lembean Village. This research was conducted for 5 months from February to June 2017 and located in Lembean Village, Sub-district Kauditan, North Minahasa Regenct, North Sulawesi Province. The data used in this research is Primary and Secondary data. Primary data obtained through observation in the field and directly interviews. Interviews were conducted with farmer groups related to farmer group activities to find out the description of the implementation of management functionsundertaken by farmer groups. In addition, researchers also conducted interviews with maize farmers and collectors to determine the current condition of maize prices and the flow of maize seeds from farmers tosuppliers. Secondary data is obtained from relevant literature, as well as documents and reports ownedby farmer groups and related agencies. This study focuses on the management of material flow as well asthe flow of information from the implementation of the management function of maize farmer groups inLembean. The results of the observations and interviews were analyzed by descriptive analysis method.The result of the research shows that the implementation of the management function in the maizefarming group in the sub-district of Kauditan, with management functions measured and obtained inLembean maize farmer group, Tumaratak maize farmer group and maize farming group Waleposanimplementation of management function on the implementation and evaluation well in research this is invery high category whereas for the Implementation of Management Function Planning And FunctionManagement Monitoring is on high category, on the three groups of maize farmers in Lembean village.
PENERAPAN FUNGSI MANAJEMEN PADA KELOMPOK TANI ASI ENDO DI DESA TEWASEN KECAMATAN AMURANG BARAT KABUPATEN MINAHASA SELATAN
Authors: Salmon Kivry E. , Baroleh Jenny ., , Mandei Juliana R.
Published: July 2019

The purpose of this research is to know the implementation of management function in Asi Endo Farmer Group in Tewasen Village, Amurang Barat Subdistrict, South Minahasa Regency. The study was conducted from April to June 2017. The data used were primary data obtained from direct interviews with the management and members of farmer groups based on prepared questions list and direct observation or survey in the research site. Data analysis used is descriptive analysis, presented in tabular form, then the resultant data is analyzed by using likert scale. The results showed that the implementation of Asi Endo farmer group management function in Tewasen Village, Amurang Barat subdistrict of South Minahasa Regency covering the function of planning, organizing function, movement function, supervisory function and assessment function, as a whole is in the Very Good category with 82.8% . This means that group members together with group administrators are very good at implementing management functions within the Asi Endo farmer group.*jrm*
“KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT” PADA KELOMPOK TANI KARYA BERSAMA, DI DESA TOMBASIAN ATAS KECAMATAN KAWANGKOAN BARAT, KABUPATEN MINAHASA
Authors: Assa Raldy H. , Rengkung Leonardus Ricky , Pakasi Caroline B. D.
Published: July 2019

The purpose of this paper is to know the Knowledge Management of “Karya Bersama” farmers group at Tombasian Atas Village, Kawangkoan West, Minahasa District. This research was conducted from April to July 2016. The data used in this research are primary and secondary data. The variables measured were knowledge identification, knowledge creation, knowledge presentation and knowledge distribution. The analysis used is descriptive qualitative analysis by using content analysis. The results showed that the identification of group knowledge through cultivation, mass media, experience, TV media, newspapers and books, the presence of extension workers and among group members. Knowledge creation occurs through regular meetings among farmer groups. Knowledge presentation is carried out by exploiting technology utilization, demonstrating farming tools and distributing the knowledge gained.*lrr*
PEMANFAATAN PEKARANGAN KELUARGA PETANI DI DESA PARA-LELE, KECAMATAN TATOARENG, KABUPATEN KEPULAUAN SANGIHE
Authors: Lais Husni ., , Pangemanan Paulus A. , Jocom Sherly G.
Published: July 2019

This study aims to identify the area of yard farmland owned by the farmers' families in the cultivation of vegetables and spices and to identify the amount of costs incurred by the family of farmers for the consumption of vegetables and spices in one month. This study was conducted for three months from the time of preparation to the preparation of the final research report.Activitiesbegin from September to November 2017. The data used are primary data and secondary data. Primary data obtained from the respondents through surveys, documentation, interviews using a list of questions that have been prepared first.Teknik sample used is purposive sampling technique with the number of samples of 30 respondents. With the provisions of the families of farmers who grow vegetables and spices as many as 15 respondent and farm families who do not grow vegetables and spices as many as 15 respondent. Then the data collected will be analyzed descriptively and presented in written form and table. Based on data analysis that has been collected, it is concluded that the area of yard area owned by family of farmers who grow vegetables and spices mostly located in the area between 100 m² - 120 m² whereas family of farmers who do not plant vegetables and spices mostly located in the area between 121 m² - 140 m². As for the cost of consumption of vegetables, both farming families who do not plant, the average cost of Rp 330,000- Rp 599,000. for the cost of spice consumption of both planting and non-planting farm families, the average cost of Rp 289,000 - Rp.576,000.
PERANAN INFORMASI PERTANIAN PADA PETANI KELAPA DI KELURAHAN PANDU KECAMATAN BUNAKEN KOTA MANADO
Authors: Werenengga Pinanus ., , Manginsela Elsje Pauline , Memah Melsje Y.
Published: July 2019

This study aims 1. Know the role of agricultural information in increasing the production and income of coconut farmers. 2. Identify sources of information from which coconut farmers obtain agricultural information. Place of study is Pandu Village Bunaken Sub-District Manado City. This research was conducted for three months, ie from August to October 2017. This study uses primary data and secondary data. Primary data were obtained from 10 coconut farmers using questionnaires. While the secondary data obtained from the Office of Village Pandu Bunaken Manado City. Sampling method in this research using purposive sampling method that is those who belong to upper layer farmers. The results showed 1. The role of agricultural information obtained by coconut farmers that to obtain good production and income is by the processing of land, pest plants, seeds, fertilizers, pesticides, production and processing and transport of copra. 2. Sources of agricultural information obtained by coconut farmers is information from fellow farmers and agricultural extension workers.
NILAI TAMBAH DARI USAHA PENGOLAHAN TEPUNG TERIGU MENJADI MARTABAK MARKOBAR KOTA MANADO
Authors: Nfn Amar ., , Lolowang Tommy F. , Waney Nordy F. L.
Published: July 2019

This study aims to determine the magnitude: (1) the added value of flour business into martabak Markobar Manado (2) profit from flour processing business into martabak Markobar Manado City. The study was conducted in October to December 2017, located in Markobar Kota Manado. Data collection method is done by using primary data. Primary data was obtained through interviews with relevant parties based on a prepared list of questions, as well as on-site observations. Data analysis in this study using: 1) value-added analysis and 2) profit analysis with the formula π = TR - TC. The results showed that Markobar Manado process 3 types of martabak martabak 2 flavors, martabak 4 flavors and martabak 8 flavors. Number of martabak 2 taste processed ie 96 pieces with selling price per fruit of Rp. 50,000 so the total revenue is Rp.4.800.000. Number of martabak 4 flavors processed ie 144 fruit with the selling price per fruit of Rp. 80,000 so that the revenue received by Markobar is Rp.11.520.000. Number of martabak 8 taste processed ie 240 fruit with selling price per fruit of Rp. 100.00.000 so that the revenue received by Markobar is Rp.24.000.000 Profit business martabak 2 taste of Rp. 485,116.71, business profit martabak 4 taste of Rp. 5,297,675.07 and business profit martabak 8 taste of Rp. 9,322,791.78. Processing business martabak 2 flavors produce value added Rp 2,357,116.71, processing martabak 4 flavors produce value added Rp. 8,105,675.07 and martabak processing 8 flavors produce added value of Rp. 14,002,791.78.*eprm*.
ALOKASI REMITANSI PENDAPATAN KELUARGA MIGRAN DI KECAMATAN LANGOWAN UTARA
Authors: Rantung Junita ., , Talumingan Celcius ., , Tangkere Ellen G.
Published: July 2019

This study aims to determine the allocation of remittance of migrant family income in North Langowan Subdistrict. This study uses descriptive analysis, by conducting surveys or field observations todetermine the utilization of remittances by the families of migrant workers. The research was conducted in February to May 2018 in North Langowan Subdistrict, in Walantakan Village, Toraget Village,Karumenga Village, Taraitak Village and Taraitak Village 1. The method used in this research is survey method by taking primary data and secondary data. Primary data collection is intended to know the clear picture of the utilization of Indonesian labor remittances for consumption, investment and savings or for agriculture or not. The primary data collection technique was carried out by direct interviews and the questionnaire distributed to the families of migrant workers regarding the pattern of money managementof remittances. Secondary data was obtained from North Langowan Subdistrict office. The results of this study indicate that most migrants allocate remittances to renovate houses or buy land / houses, from which 40% to 50% of the remuneration is used for the allocation. Some of the migrants make use of remittances to buy houses for investment and partly to finance children's education. Some of the migrants use remittances to buy rice fields as another form of investment, and only a small percentage of migrantsmake use of remittances to buy cars as a tertiary family need. Remittance remained for savings. Migration in addition to affecting the increase in income and welfare of migrant families also affects the development of land prices in North Langowan Subdistrict.*er*
ANALISIS PERANAN KATEGORI EKONOMI BASIS DAN EFISIENSI PERTAMBAHAN INVESTASI DI KABUPATEN MINAHASA UTARA
Authors: Ratag Julio Patrice Deo , Panelewen Vicky V. J. , L. S. Benu Olfie
Published: July 2019

This research aims to analyze the role of the categorical or economic base sector as well as to observe the efficiency of investment accumulation in North Minahasa Regency. This research was conducted in the area of North Minahasa Regency, North Sulawesi Province. The study began in April until October 2018. This research was conducted in the area of North Minahasa Regency, North Sulawesi Province. The study began in April until October 2018. This research employs secondary data from Regional Gross Domestic Product (RGDP) based on the constant price in North Minahasa Regency and North Sulawesi Province and the data from The Change of Regional Gross Fixed Capital in North Minahasa Regency. The instrument used in this research is Location Quotient (LQ), Shift Share Analysis, and Incremental Capital Output Ratio. Results from LQ show that the category of agriculture, forestry, and fishery, mining and excavation, manufacture, construction, electricity and gas, real estate and education service serve the base category in North Minahasa Regency, with the value of LQ above 1. The role of base category shows positive result towards the formation of the Regional Gross Domestic Product in North Minahasa Regency, agriculture and forestry and fishery are the biggest contributor in RGDP of North Minahasa Regency during the period of 2013-2017. The role of base category through regional share towards North Sulawesi Province also shows positive results, thus base category in North Minahasa Regency contributes to the formation of RGDP in North Sulawesi Province. In the calculation of proportional shift, several base categories in North Minahasa Regency received negative values, namely agriculture, forestry and fishery, manufacture, and education service. Then, in the calculation of differential shift, electronics and gas is the only sector which receives negative value or is not able to compete with similar category in the provincial level. Also, the calculation of Incremental Capital Output Ratio as the instrument of the efficiency of capital income in North Minahasa Regency in the period of 2013-2017 which is calculated by the standard method to lag0, lag1 as well as the mean calculation method, show the result of ICOR which can be categorized as not efficient.
PENGARUH MARKETING MIX TERHADAP KEPUTUSAN KONSUMEN UNTUK ME-NABUNG PADA BANK PERKREDITAN RAKYAT PRISMA DANA AIRMADIDI KABU-PATEN MINAHASA UTARA
Authors: Ngangi Charles R.
Published: July 2019

This study aimed to analyze the effect of marketing mix variables (product, price, promotion, and place) to the consumer's decision to save the Rural Bank Prisma Airmadidi Fund. The research was conducted in November to December 2010. The primary data obtained through interviews with 50 respondents, customers using questionnaire. Analysis using multiple linear regression with SPSS version 17.0. Hypothesis testing using test-f, t-test, and the coefficient of determination (R2).The results showed that all four marketing mix variables jointly influence consumer decisions. Variable products and variable space has a positive and significant influence on consumer decisions, promotion variables have positive but not significant, while the price variable and no significant negative effect on consumer decisions. RB Prism Fund is expected to remain maintain product quality while expanding the market to increase the number of consumers / customers. The interest rate should be above the savings rate savings banks. Promotion strategies are needed in the form of prizes to increase the number of BPR Prism Funds.Keywords: marketing mix, decision to save
HUBUNGAN ANTARA ETOS KERJA, MOTIVASI, SIKAP INOVATIF DAN PRODUKTIVITAS USAHATANI (Studi Kasus Pada Usahatani Padi Sawah di Kecamatan Tumpaan Kabupaten Minahasa Selatan)
Authors: Moniaga Vicky R. B.
Published: July 2019

This study aims to (a) describe these three psychological factors and productivity of rice farming, and (b) to study whether there is a significant relationship between these psychological factors (work ethic, achievement motivation and innovative attitude) with farm productivity. Based on the analysis of descriptions of the main variables of the study, then through the method of "Likert's Summated Ratings" in the measurement of psychological variables in the know that the three psychological variables were in levels of "High" (from 5 measurement scales: from very low to very high). relatively variable work ethic scores 79.4 percent, 71.1 percent motivation, and innovative attitude of 78.4 percent.While for the variable productivity of rice varies from 1163.64 to 3030.30 kg / ha with an average of 2042.30 kg / ha of rice equivalent.In the method of Pearson correlation analysis then known that the variable work ethic and innovative attitude variables are very significant berhubingan with rice productivity, which in this case addressed by the magnitude of correlation coefficient (r = 0.67, p = 0.00) for variable ethos employment and productivity, and (r =0.696, p =0.00) for variable innovative attitude and productivity. this means that the size of the productivity of paddy rice farming posiyif no relationship with work ethic and innovative attitude of the farmers. while the motivation is not there a significant relationship with lowland rice farming productivity variable (r = 0.21, p =0.27). This means that farmers in increasing their business productivity is not driven by emotional intelligence but more driven olek because of necessity (there is no other choice) in developing rice farming. so that the size of the productivity is not determined by the high and low motivation of farmers.Keywords: Work ethic, achievement motivation, innovative attitude, farm productivity
Molecular characterization of Hysterothylacium aduncum (Nematoda: Raphidascarididae) larvae infecting Merlangius merlangus euxinus (Linnaeus, 1758) from the Turkish Black Sea coast based on mitochondrial small subunit ribosomal RNA gene analysis
Authors: PEKMEZCİ Gökmen Zafer
Published: July 2019

The taxonomy of Hysterothylacium
genus remains incomplete and unclear in Turkish waters. In the present study, H. adumcum larvae were morphologically identified
from Merlangius merlangus euxinus in
the Black Sea, Turkey.  The
nuclear ribosomal ITS regions (ITS-1, 5.8S subunit, ITS-2) and the small
subunit of the mitochondrial ribosomal RNA (rrnS) gene of H. aduncum were amplified and sequenced. The BLAST analysis indicated
that present ITS sequences of H. aduncum
were identical to that of the reference sequence of H. aduncum (accession no JX413596) recorded previously from the Black
Sea, Turkey. The present rrnS gene of H.
aduncum from the Black Sea, Turkey (MK886768) showed 97.94 to 99.56%
identity with isolates of H. aduncum
from the Mediterranean Sea (MF000685-MF000691) and the Chinese waters
(MF140344). Moreover, pairwise comparison between the rrnS sequences of the H. aduncum from the Black Sea, Turkey (MK886768)
and others H. aduncum isolates from
the Mediterranean Sea (MF000685-MF000691), the Chinese waters (MF140344) showed
differences ranged from 0.2 and 1.7%.  With
the present study, H. aduncum from the Black Sea was characterized for
the first time by sequencing of the mitochondrial rrnS gene.
An azobenzene container showing a definite folding – synthesis and structural investigation
Authors: Adam Abdulselam , Mehrparvar Saber , Haberhauer Gebhard
Published: July 2019

The combination of photo-switchable units with macrocycles is a very interesting field in supramolecular chemistry. Here, we present the synthesis of a foldable container consisting of two different types of Lissoclinum macrocyclic peptides which are connected via two azobenzene units. The container is controllable by light: irradiation with UV light causes a switching process to the compact cis,cis-isomer, whereas by the use of visible light the stretched trans,trans-isomer is formed. By means of quantum chemical calculations and CD spectroscopy we could show that the trans→cis isomerization is spatially directed; that means that one of the two different macrocycles performs a definite clockwise rotation to the other, caused by irradiation with UV light. For the cis→trans isomerization counterclockwise rotations are found. Furthermore, quantum chemical calculations reveal that the energy of the cis,cis-isomer is only slightly higher than the energy of the cis,trans-isomer. This effect can be explained by the high dispersion energy in the compact cis,cis-isomer.
Photochromic diarylethene with turn-off fluorescent switching property
Authors: Kono Luna , Nakagawa Yuma , Fujimoto Ayako , Nishimura Ryo , Hattori Yohei , Mutai Toshiki , Yasuda Nobuhiro , Koizumi Kenichi , Yokojima Satoshi , Nakamura Shinichiro , Uchida Kingo
Published: July 2019

Background: Diarylethenes are well-known photochromic compounds, which undergo cyclization and cycloreversion reactions between open-　and closed-ring isomers. Recently, diarylethene derivatives with photoswitchable fluorescent properties were prepared. They are applicable for imaging and bio-imaging. On the other hand, new system called “excited state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT)” is reported. In the system, absorption and emission bands are divided due to the proton transfer, hence it showed strong fluorescence even in the crystalline state. We aimed to construct the photochromic system incorporating the ESIPT mechanism.

Results: A diarylethene incorporating a fluorescent moiety that exhibit excited state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT) behavior was prepared. The ESIPT is one of the examples which express the mechanisms of aggregation-induced emission (AIE). This compound emits orange fluorescence with a large Stokes shift derived from ESIPT in aprotic solvents such as THF or hexane, while it exhibits only photochromic reaction in protic solvents such as methanol. In addition, it shows turn-off type fluorescence switching in an aprotic solvent and in crystals. The fluorescence is quenched as content of closed-ring isomers increases upon UV light irradiation.

Conclusions: A diarylethene containing ESIPT functional group was prepared. It showed fluorescent turn-off behavior during photochromism in aprotic solvents as well as crystalline state upon UV light irradiation. Furthermore, it showed AIE in THF/water mixtures with blue-shift of the emission.
A Model for Energy Buildup and Eruption Onset in Coronal Mass Ejections
Authors: Dahlin J. T. , Antiochos S. K. , DeVore C. R.
Published: July 2019

Coronal mass ejections (CMEs) and eruptive flares (EFs) are the most energetic explosions in the solar system. Their underlying origin is the free energy that builds up slowly in the sheared magnetic field of a filament channel. We report the first end-to-end numerical simulation of a CME/EF, from zero-free-energy initial state through filament channel formation to violent eruption, driven solely by the magnetic-helicity condensation process. Helicity is the topological measure of linkages between magnetic flux systems, and is conserved in the corona, building up inexorably until it is ejected into interplanetary space. Numerous investigations have demonstrated that helicity injected by small-scale vortical motions, such as those observed in the photosphere, undergoes an inverse cascade from small scales to large, “condensing” at magnetic-polarity boundaries. Our new results verify that this process forms a filament channel within a compact bipolar region embedded in a background dipole field, and show for the first time that a fast CME eventually occurs via the magnetic-breakout mechanism. We further show that the trigger for explosive eruption is reconnection onset in the flare current sheet that develops above the polarity inversion line: this reconnection forms flare loops below the sheet and a CME flux rope above, and initiates high-speed outward flow of the CME. Our findings have important implications for magnetic self-organization and explosive behavior in solar and other astrophysical plasmas, as well as for understanding and predicting explosive solar activity.
Detection of Continuum Submillimeter Emission Associated with Candidate Protoplanets
Authors: Isella Andrea , Benisty Myriam , Teague Richard , Bae Jaehan , Keppler Miriam , Facchini Stefano , Pérez Laura
Published: July 2019

We present the discovery of a spatially unresolved source of submillimeter continuum emission (λ = 855 μm) associated with a young planet, PDS 70 c, recently detected in Hα emission around the 5 Myr old T Tauri star PDS 70. We interpret the emission as originating from a dusty circumplanetary disk with a dust mass between 2 × 10−3
M
⊕ and 4.2 × 10−3
M
⊕. Assuming a standard gas-to-dust ratio of 100, the ratio between the total mass of the circumplanetary disk and the mass of the central planet would be between 10−4 and 10−5. Furthermore, we report the discovery of another compact continuum source located 0.″074 ± 0.″013 southwest of a second known planet in this system, PDS 70 b, that was previously detected in near-infrared images. We speculate that the latter source might trace dust orbiting in proximity of the planet, but more sensitive observations are required to unveil its nature.
Taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Rhabdotylus Lutz, 1913 (Diptera: Tabanidae)
Authors: Turcatel Mauren
Published: July 2019

Here I revise the Neotropical genusRhabdotylusLutz, 1913 (Tabaninae: Diachlorini), including redescription of three species that range from Guatemala to Argentina:Rhabdotylusrubrum(Thunberg, 1827),Rhabdotylusvenenatum(Osten Sacken, 1886), andRhabdotylusviridiventris(Macquart, 1838).

Rhabdotylusplaniventris(Wiedemann, 1828) is established as a junior synonym ofR.rubrum, syn. nov. A dichotomous identification key based on external morphological characters is provided.
World Flora Online (WFO) - Quality control workflow for an evolving taxonomic backbone
Authors: Palese Raoul , Boillat Cyril , Loizeau Pierre-André
Published: July 2019

Initially populated with information gathered from The Plant List, the WFO’s taxonomic backbone will be augmented and modernized by newer taxonomic sources delivered by global plant Taxonomic Expert Networks (TENs). At the same time, descriptive data from floras, such as text descriptions, images, geographic distributions, keys, and trait data will be linked to this evolving taxonomic backbone. Semi-automated workflows have to be built to efficiently pull together the work of the TENs and digital floras and monographs into a single source: the WFO portal.

These semi-automated workflows will have to ensure multiple functionalities: format check of the data submitted by the different backbone data providers (TENs or descriptive data providers), integrity and quality checks of the data provided, comparison of these data with the current WFO’s taxonomic backbone (matching with the WFO ID’s and with the names, check at the level of the family and the taxonomic status attribution, etc.). Applications will also be developed as Decision Making Helper for the TENs: thanks to these applications, TENs will be able to make decisions concerning the resolution of names not present in the current backbone or on the questions of conflicts at the level of the belonging to a family or the taxonomic status for a proposed name.

At the end of these processes, new versions of the taxonomic backbone will regularly be delivered to be integrated into the WFO portal.
Assessing the role of habitat and species interactions in the population decline and detection bias of Neotropical leaf litter frogs in and around La Selva Biological Station, Costa Rica
Authors: Vera Alvarez Maria D. , Fernandez Christopher , Cove Michael V.
Published: July 2019

Worldwide, amphibian populations have been declining rapidly. This decline can be attributed to many factors including climate change, pesticide exposure, and emerging infectious diseases, among other important factors, but few studies have examined the influence of species interactions. In this study, we examined how habitat factors and co-occurring avian and mammalian species, as well as humans, exert direct and indirect effects on Neotropical amphibian population dynamics. We further examined how these habitat and species interactions could affect our ability to reliably detect amphibian presence to robustly estimate population trends. We conducted amphibian visual encounter surveys at 26 randomly selected sites in the La Selva Biological Station, in northeastern Costa Rica, as well as 26 sites across five additional forest fragments in the region. Furthermore, we used camera traps to collect data on avian and mammalian communities and human visitation at those amphibian survey plots. From these data, we were able to estimate species occupancy probabilities for leaf litter frogs across sites and their relationships to habitat and interspecific species interaction covariates. We also conducted an experiment with plastic model frogs to estimate detection probabilities when a population is known to occur at a site with certainty. Our results suggested that strawberry poison dart frog (Oophagapumilio) occupancy was positively related to secondary forest and their detection was negatively related to increasing air temperatures at the times of the surveys. Leaf litter frog occupancy was negatively related to core La Selva sites and human detections at sites, yet their detection was positively related to human trail presence, which might be related to reduced leaf litter cover due to heavy trampling. Our experimental surveys suggested that Neotropical leaf litter frog communities are difficult to detect when present and future studies should explicitly account for this detection bias to effectively monitor population trends.
Mammals of medium and large size in Cerrado remnants in southeastern Brazil
Authors: Laurindo Rafael de Souza , Toledo Flávia Regina Nascimento , Teixeira Elias Manna
Published: July 2019

The Cerrado is the second largest biome in Brazil and considered a global biodiversity hotspot due to its high species richness, elevated amount of endemisms, and several anthropogenic threats. The Cerrado has more than 250 species of mammals, and about 15% are endemic. However, fragmentation and the consequent loss of native habitat threaten the maintenance of mammalian populations. In this context we carried out an inventory of medium- and large-sized mammals in Cerrado remnants in Matutina, Minas Gerais, southeastern Brazil. Sampling was performed in four remnants of Cerrado and adjacent agricultural matrices for 18 days and 16 nights in March and July 2015 with camera traps, diurnal and nocturnal censuses, and by searching for tracks and other indirect evidence. We recorded 19 species of mammals, including top predators and species vulnerable to extinction. The original vegetation cover in the study area has become severely reduced and fragmented due to agricultural expansion. However, the remnants still retain considerable diversity of medium- and large-sized mammals, making them important for the maintenance of biological diversity.
The identity of Prunus dielsiana (Rosaceae)
Authors: Wu Baohuan , Potter Daniel , Cui Dafang
Published: July 2019

The valid publication date of Prunusdielsiana was found to be later than that of P.rufoides, which has been considered a synonym of P.dielsiana. Prunusdielsiana is therefore reduced to a synonym of P.rufoides, instead of the reverse. In addition, all previously named varieties of Prunusdielsiana, including var. abbreviata, var. conferta, and var. laxa, as well as P.carcharias are also listed as synonyms of P.rufoides in the present paper.
The rediscovery and delimitation of Elatostema setulosum W.T.Wang (Urticaceae)
Authors: Fu Long-Fei , Monro Alexandre K. , Wen Fang , Xin Zi-Bing , Wei Yi-Gang , Zhang Zhi-Xiang
Published: July 2019

Of the 280 species of Elatostema documented in China, 189 are known only from a single collection. Elatostemasetulosum is one such species, having been known only from the type collection for nearly half a century, until recent field investigations in Guangxi. Due to its morphological similarity to E.huanjiangense and E.tetracephalum, we undertook a critical review of all three species using morphological and molecular evidence. Our results suggest that all three names refer to the same species, which based on priority should be known as Elatostemasetulosum. We recognize E.huanjiangense and E.tetracephalum as synonyms. A distribution map of E.setulosum and the extinction risk according to the IUCN criteria is provided. After recircumscription, the taxon must be considered as Least Concern (LC).
Représentations du handicap dans les organisations de personnes aînées : conditions et limites de l’inclusion
Authors: Raymond Émilie , Lantagne Lopez Mélanie
Published: July 2019

Bien que la participation sociale des aînés ait fait l’objet d’une attention soutenue, les connaissances sur les réalités des personnes aînées ayant des incapacités en matière de participation sont encore limitées. Il est pressant de se pencher sur les manières de mieux encourager leur inclusion dans la vie collective, notamment par le biais de milieux associatifs plus accueillants. Formées d’opinions socialement construites relativement à un objet donné, les représentations sociales du handicap apparaissent susceptibles de soutenir ou encore de freiner la participation sociale des personnes aînées ayant des incapacités. L’article a pour objectif de documenter les représentations sociales existant dans les milieux associatifs d’aînés à l’égard de la participation de ce groupe. Utilisant une méthode de recherche mixte, un devis séquentiel exploratoire a été mené, dans lequel une première phase qualitative a permis de réaliser 4 groupes de discussion, tandis qu’une deuxième phase quantitative a consisté en un questionnaire administré à 86 répondants. Les résultats sont présentés selon les quatre fonctions des représentations sociales, soit les fonctions 1) de savoir, 2) identitaires, 3) d’orientation, et 4) justificatrices. L’interprétation des résultats suggère des balises pour déconstruire et modifier les aspects représentationnels défavorables à l’inclusion.
Clasificación de los puertos españoles mediante análisis cluster
Authors: Camarero A. , Camarero A. , Cerbán M. M. , Turias I. J. , González-Cancelas N.
Published: July 2019

El sistema portuario español es sumamente complejo y admite el estudio desde numerosos puntos de vista En este artículo se estudian los puertos según su actividad y sus características externas para la clasificación en agrupaciones. Para ello se han utilizado indicadores que reflejan la actividad portuaria y se han aplicado sobre las 28 Autoridades Portuarias españolas. Con estos indicadores se ha aplicado una metodología específica para a través del análisis de conglomerados (cluster) para averiguar cuáles son los agrupamientos que se producen. El análisis cluster se complementa con otros análisis estadísticos: análisis multivariante y componentes principales, para conocer qué indicadores son los más relevantes en las agrupaciones y cómo se comportan. Los resultados finales obtenidos muestran que este tipo de estudios estadísticos son apropiados para realizarse en el entorno portuario y que los agrupamientos reflejan correctamente la realidad portuaria.
Understanding the Level of Self-Directed Learning and Decision-Making Style of Construction-Related Workers
Authors: Mohd Norhazren Izatie , Ali Kherun Nita , Ebrahimi Shirin Shafiei , Ahmad Fauzi Ahmad Faiz Azizi
Published: July 2019

Current serious game framework still lacks in fulfilling the user's requirements.  This is due to the framework elements which only focus on the process of delivery.  Hence, this study was carried out to determine user’s ability in self-directed learning and their styles in making a decision.  This study forms part of a larger research on a framework for serious game frameworks for hazard identification training modules.  A set of questionnaire consisting of three sections which are demographic, decision-making styles and levels of self-directed learning was designed.  In decision-making styles, 49 items are measured representing eight styles in decision making such as vigilant, dependent, avoidant, anxious, confident, spontaneous, brooding and intuitive.  Meanwhile, a self-rating scale consisting of 50 items was used to measure the level of self-directed learning such as awareness, learning strategies, learning activities, evaluation and interpersonal skills.  Data was collected from 319 construction-related workers and analysed using mean comparison and ANOVA.  Findings confirmed that their style of decision-making is inclined to ‘vigilant’ and ‘brooding’ types.  The results revealed two levels of self-directed learning, namely, the moderate level for supervisor and high level for general workers, skilled workers, consultants, management teams and safety trainees.  This level of self-directed learning is influenced by their level of education and working experiences.  The findings also highlight that decision-making style has a moderate relationship with the level of self-directed learning among construction-related workers.  The study contributes to the understanding of the construction workers' needs in enhancing their skills in becoming independent and lifelong learners
Framework for Developing a Mobile Augmented Reality for Learning Chemical Bonds
Authors: Saidin Nor Farhah , Abd Halim Noor Dayana , Yahaya Noraffandy
Published: July 2019

This paper presents the framework for developing a Mobile Augmented Reality (MAR) for learning Chemical Bonds, which is believed to reduce misconceptions among the students. Misconceptions always occur in classrooms, especially in science subject’s which consist of abstract concepts. It is very important that these misconceptions be reduced, because they may affect the student’s understandings of topics they have learned about. These may interfere with the student’s education, and may also affect the student’s performances afterwards. Visualization is one key approach that has been proven to help when seeking to improve the understanding of students, which has consequently led to a reduction in misconceptions. There are many technologies that have been integrated within education, and that show strong potential for producing visualizations. One of the recent popular technologies that have the potential for visualization is Mobile Augmented Reality. Mobile Augmented Reality has the ability to visualize abstract concepts through 3D images
Digital Game Based Learning of Stack Data Structure Using Question Prompts
Authors: Ramle Rosni , Rosli D'oria Islamiah , Soosay Nathan Shelena , Berahim Mazniha
Published: July 2019

Data structure and algorithm is an important course in computer science and information technology programs, applied in almost all courses. Failure to master it will affect student's academic performance during study, getting job interviews, passing job interviews, and create an inefficient information technology worker. However, learning data structure is a worldwide problem because of its complex nature. Gameful visualization of data structures’ algorithms has been gaining momentum as it resulted in increased motivation, engagement and learning outcome. But effectiveness of game-based learning could be hindered if improper learning strategies used. Instructional scaffold in game-based learning in the form of question prompts have been found to be the most effective way to scaffold self-learn in computer-based learning. Thus, a game-based learning of stack data structure using question prompts was designed, developed and tested based on an adopted model to help students understand the algorithms of stack’s insert and delete operations for array implementation with gameplay that could create meaningful learning. A pre-game and post-game test was conducted to compare students’ performance on the topic. Results indicated a generally positive outcome.
Applications of Fuzzy Expert Systems in Farming
Authors: Sucharith P.  , Suprith K. P.  , Kasturi Ujwal , Ajina A.
Published: July 2019

Agriculture, cattle breeding, and poultry farming constitute the backbone of the Indian economy. Today, India is ranked first worldwide in terms of milk production, second in terms of farm output, and third in terms of poultry output (eggs production). Over the year, agriculture, poultry farming, and cattle breeding have contributed towards India's GDP but is narrowly declining with the country's economic growth due to lack of initiatives. Fuzzy expert systems are used for various activities with an objective to get better results and good yield. Expert systems combine the experimental and experiential knowledge with the intuitive reasoning skills of a multitude of specialists to aid farmers in making the best decisions to improve the quality and increase the production. Weather and climatic changes play important roles. Thus, any changes in them affect the quantity and quality of production. Therefore, weather prediction plays an important role and helps the farmers to take right decisions and precautions to safeguard the production.
Smart IoT for Smart Cities Implementation
Authors: Tallapragada V. V. Satyanarayana
Published: July 2019

Internet of things (IoT) is the current area of research that allows heterogeneous devices to have a homogeneous connectivity based on the designed and desired application of the user. With the latest development in connectivity via smart phones, there is an exponential increase in users who access internet. However, various applications have already been designed based on the user's requirement. Therefore, this chapter intends to provide a detailed view on applications on IoT. Industrial applications help in monitoring the machinery so that production increases with minimum chaos if any error occurs. Safety helmet for mining based on IoT is used to measure the gas and temperature levels in the coal mines. Garbage management system is used for monitoring and clearing of dust bins. IoT-based domestic applications help users to have a better access over the equipment they use. As a business application, emotion analysis is performed to obtain the customers mood while shopping. Monitoring of crops from a remote location is another application which provides data on the health of the crop.
Design and Prototyping of a Smart University Campus
Authors: Cimino Vincenzo , Rombo Simona E.
Published: July 2019

The authors propose a framework to support the “smart planning” of a university environment, intended as a “smart campus.” The main goal is to improve the management, storage, and mining of information coming from the university areas and main players. The platform allows for interaction with the main players of the system, generating and displaying useful data in real time for a better user experience. The proposed framework provides also a chat assistant able to respond to user requests in real time. This will not only improve the communication between university environment and students, but it allows one to investigate on their habits and needs. Moreover, information collected from the sensors may be used to automatically identify possible anomalies in the available spaces of the campus, facilitating this way the planning actions necessary to solve them.