bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Performative Change
Authors: Duschlbauer Thomas
Published: October 2020

Due to the phenomena of digitalisation, a new inventory regarding fundamental questions of organisation and communication has taken place, which has ultimately led to a plea for a paradigm shift. For if one follows recent developments in organisational theory and rethinks it radically, the relationship between the means and the purpose—that is, between production and the product and between creation and the artefact—is also reversed. With that relationship seen in this manner, it is not necessarily the organisation and socialisation of human beings that enables them to create artefacts, but it is rather the artefact that may serve to bring people together, enable them to acquire new skills and knowledge, and finally bring organisation to the level that we are now familiar with. Transferred to communication, this would also call into question the ideal of a consensus and, on the other hand, give more prominence to the idea of language games—as first formulated by Ludwig Wittgenstein.
Those Who Gather in the Streets
Authors: Rozmarin Miri ,   DePaul University
Published: October 2020

This article examines the notion of vulnerable political subjectivity in Judith Butler’s theory of vulnerability. The paper aims to contribute to critical discussions of Butler’s political theory by offering an account of how the ontological, ethical, and political aspects of vulnerability shape political subjectivity in her work. The first part of the paper analyzes the features of vulnerable political subjects. The second part critically assesses to what extent Butler offers an alternative to the association of vulnerability with a damaged capability to act politically. The third part argues that Butler offers only a partial account of vulnerability as a transformative desire, which is crucial to explaining how and under what conditions vulnerability inspires subjects to engage politically with the conditions that shape their precarity or the precarity of others.
Strategy as a determinant of organizational culture: Case study: Bank A
Authors: Živković Olivera
Published: October 2020

Modern business conditions are characterized by an increasingly more dynamic and turbulent environment, due to that, the biggest challenge for organizations is how to transform the existing organizational culture in the direction of an organization that learns and adapts quickly to changes in the business environment. Changes in the Serbian financial market often lead to changes in the ownership structures of banks, which caused larger or smaller changes in their strategic orientations. The aim of this paper is to clarify the dependence between strategies and organizational cultures of banks, as two crucial concepts in the management of financial institutions, all based on practical knowledge. The paper will use the case study method on the case of bank A. The usefulness of this paper is based on the fact that the presented knowledge will provide insight to the employees of bank A and other participants in the Serbian financial market about the importance of activities that contribute to creating and maintaining adequate organizational culture within the banking system. Also, this paper can be useful for all legal entities that operate within other business activities.
Behavioral finance as an answer to the limitations of standard finance
Authors: Leković Miljan
Published: October 2020

Moving the standard finance theory further away from practice has led to an increased criticism of standard finance. Much evidence in favor of the absence of perfect investor rationality have called for the need of a new approach and a new point of view offered by behavioral finance. Behavioral finance relies on standard finance, supplements its theory and, according to behavioral economists, gradually substitutes it; however, behavioral finance also faces a number of limitations. The aim of this research is to find answers to the question of whether preference should be given to standard or behavioral finance, in terms of finance theory and investment practice. By applying the methods of qualitative economic analysis, it has been concluded that we should strive towards the integrated application of these theoretical frameworks in order to achieve their synergy, exploit the positive and concurrently eliminate the negative aspects. An example of a theoretical approach that reconciles the differences between standard and behavioral finance is Adaptive Markets Hypothesis (AMH), which is given particular attention in the paper and has not been discussed in the literature in the Republic of Serbia thus far.
The importance of 5G network for traffic and automotive industry within the scope of internet of Things (IoT)
Authors: Jelenković Sanja
Published: October 2020

This paper is based on research into the representation of modern Information Technology using the 5G network, which gives us great technological opportunities in the automotive industry. The Internet of Things (IoT) gives us great opportunities for smart cities, namely, smart streets that are driven by technologically advanced new generation cars equipped with smart vehicle control devices suitable for all traffic conditions, ranging from heavy traffic jams to various weather conditions. 5G is literally driving innovation, as 5G is an important technology for the automotive industry. With 5G we get better coverage, higher capacity, lower latencies (wait times) and much higher data rates. This will allow your car not only to use Spotifi (a free music streaming and playback app) for the long haul, but will also improve the ride itself, gathering information from other cars, pedestrians, traffic lights and even the road itself. It is run by a cloud-based computer (thousands of computers in particular) that calculates and adjusts our vehicle every millisecond (current situation). The self-contained "intelligence" of our car from our own computer will be present as a backup in case we lose our internet connection or play an ancillary role in managing the vehicle. Even without the internet, 5G communication between cars and cars, roads and pedestrians would play an important role in safely switching from A to B.
The legal position of driver in the Uber transport of passengers
Authors: Janković Svetislav
Published: October 2020

In the article, the author considers a legal position of a driver in relation to a transport service user and in relation to uber as a transport market maker and transporter, respectively freight forwarder. The driver's role in the uber system is largely determined with the legal nature of Uber's legal position by the principle of the seesaw toy. If uber has an intermediary role, then driver is a carrier, and vice versa, if uber has been deemed a carrier, then a driver has a role as a carrier's assistant. Also, if a driver has been considered as a carrier, then it is unclear whether he is a public or only a private carrier, having in mind an (in)definite number of users. In the first chapter of the article, the author explains the impact of the sharing economy and technical progress on creating a new mode of transport. Furthermore, the legal problem of the new way of providing a transport service has been highlighted, as well as a legal qualification of subjects involved in Uber's business structure. Finally, the author concludes that a driver should be deemed as a carrier's assistant, having in mind that uber as a carrier and as the organizer of the transport market has a decisive influence on the whole process of transporting a passenger (from the beginning phase to ending).
A brief history of anaesthesia
Authors: Gazdić Vera
Published: October 2020

According to the definition of the International Association for the Study of Pain (IASP), pain is defined as: "Unpleasant subjective feeling and emotional experience associated with current or potential tissue damage of a particular localisation", which, as such, poses a challenge for epidemiological research to determine its frequency and prevalence. We have all heard the motto that surgery has experienced its unprecedented development on the wings of anaesthesia. This is most certainly the case, since it is precisely the pain that prevents any invasive procedure on the human body, hence the very elimination of pain has opened up the way for the application and development of surgery. For this reason, the skill and now the science of anaesthesia are epochal civilizational achievements, which is why it is worth remembering the attempts and successes of its application. The very beginning of mankind cannot be imagined without the humans facing some sort of pain. As long ago as about 460 to 370 BC, the renowned Greek physician Hippocrates (in Greek:'Ipocrάtes'), who is nowadays considered the founder of modern medicine, stated: "to reduce pain is a divine deed" or, in Latin: Sedare dolorem, opus divinum est! The article presents Morton's discovery of inhalation anesthesia, now as far back as in 1846, its development, introduction of other modes of anaesthesia, local, infiltration and regional, use of neuromuscular blockers and auxiliary procedures, such as endotracheal intubation and fiberoptic bronchoscopy, without which modern anaesthesia is inconceivable today.
A cross-sectional study of prescribing pattern of antimicrobial agents among inpatients of a tertiary Healthcare Centre
Authors: Jain Monica , Kakkar Shivankan , Bansal Alka , Kapadia Rupa
Published: October 2020

Background: Antimicrobial agents are the mainstay of treatment in modern medicine. In view of emerging threat of Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR), there was a requirement aimed at identifying patterns of antimicrobial prescribing. The prescribing pattern of antimicrobial agents (AMAs) among the medicine inpatients of SMS Medical College & Hospital, Jaipur, India was studied. The objectives were to evaluate, monitor and suggest rational prescribing practices. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study that was done for a period of one year from July 2016 to June 2017. The rationality of antimicrobial drug use was evaluated by analysing the prescriptions. Results: A total of 400 patients were included in the study. Percentage of indoor patients with one or more AMAs prescribed was 48.75 %. The average number of AMAs prescribed was 1.67. Percentage of AMAs prescribed consistent with the National List of Essentials Medicines (NLEM) was 89.73 %. The average AMAs duration prescribed was found to be 4.24 days. The most commonly prescribed antibacterial agent in medicine in patients was a beta-lactam AMA with 57.29 % of all prescriptions. Conclusion: AMR is strongly linked to improper antimicrobial use. This study suggests that certain interventions are required to minimise toxicity and lessen the chances of emergence of resistance. It is therefore proposed that there should be continuous education on rational use of drugs among healthcare professionals.
Antiviral therapy of COVID-19
Authors: Janković Slobodan
Published: October 2020

The COVID-19 pandemic required rapid response to the needs of critically ill patients, and one of the solutions was re-purposing of drugs with wide spectrum of antiviral action for treatment of the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. The re-purposing characteristically started with outof-label use in single or series of cases, to continue after the first promising results with randomised clinical trials. There are several drugs that are currently tested in ongoing clinical trials: antimalarials hydroxychloroquine and chloroquine, HIV protease inhibitors lopinavir/ritonavir, broad spectrum antivirals umifenovir (anti-influenza drug) and favipiravir, antiparasitary drug ivermectin and nucleotide analogue remdesivir. However, up to date only a few trials are completed and published, precluding definitive conclusions about efficacy and safety of these drugs. Until major clinical trials are completed, physicians who decide to use these drugs out-of-label should properly inform their patients of all potential risks and benefits and seek for their consent before administration of the drugs.
Automation design of the hydraulic cylinders and their manufacturing processes
Authors: Lukić Dejan , Milošević Mijodrag , Jocanović Mitar , Bojić Savo , Koledin Stevica
Published: October 2020

Within the production program of the observed company, production and repair of hydraulic cylinders that are intended for installation on agricultural and other machines and devices is very significant. A specific problem within production process is the design of hydraulic cylinders and the generation appropriate technical and technological documentation. In order to improve the technical preparation of production in the observed company, a software system has been developed. The basic task of this software is the automation design of hydraulic cylinders and their manufacturing processes. The application of this software significantly reduces the time from the order of hydraulic cylinders or certain components to the generation of technical and technological documentation, production and delivery to the customer.
Evaluation of the logistics system development scenarios: Case study of the trading company
Authors: Tadić Snežana , Zečević Slobodan , Krstić Mladen
Published: October 2020

The paper presents the procedure for selecting a scenario for the development of the logistics system in a company with a developed trading and logistics network, but also with the significant supply problems. In order to solve the existing logistics problems, but also to respond to future requirements and business plans, four logistics system development scenarios are defined. Each scenario has certain characteristics which can be seen as the advantages or disadvantages in the comparative analysis. Since the choice of development scenarios depends on several factors, their ranking in terms of different criteria requires the application of multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) methods. A hybrid model based on a combination of the fuzzy AHP (Analytical Hierarchy Process) and fuzzy VIKOR (Višekriterijumska Optimizacija i kompromisno Rešenje) methods was used to solve the problem.
60 years of education of women engineers in Vojvodina
Authors: Cvetićanin Livija
Published: October 2020

This paper aims to analyze the participation of the female population in mechanical engineering, to study the motives for their commitment to these studies, their status with respect to the majority male population, and the fulfillment of expectations by the profession. The number of candidates who defended their doctoral dissertations at the Faculty of Technical Sciences in Novi Sad from the date of its establishment to the present (60 years in total) was examined. Special attention was paid to the problem of female professors working in education of the mechanical engineers. The numerical indicator of the participation of the female population of mechanical engineers in relation to the male mechanical engineers at the Faculty of Technical Sciences is devastating, and it is concluded that appropriate action must be taken. Measures that are thought to contribute to the increase in the number of women mechanical engineers in Vojvodina and throughout Serbia are proposed.
Women in aviation: The first 100 years
Authors: Čokorilo Olja
Published: October 2020

Although one of the youngest transport modes and transportation industries, air transport has, since its pioneering period, attracted public attention, in terms of new technologies and aviation safety. With the development of these two segments, new occupations were developed in which women were traditionally less represented. The purpose of this research is to highlight the current status of women in the air transport sector, as well as the possibilities to realize the basic principles of gender equality in the future, especially in the air transport sector in the Republic of Serbia.
The fourth industrial revolution and gender disparity: Is anything changing?
Authors: Marković Vera
Published: October 2020

Gender disparity is present in the field of engineering and more broadly STEM disciplines (science, technology, engineering and mathematics). Statistical data on the enrollment in one of technical faculties in the Republic of Serbia over three decades illustrate this phenomenon, and there is a similar situation everywhere in the world. The negative effects of the under-representation of women in these areas on society and the economy have been recognized and a number of measures have been taken to mitigate them. With rapid technological changes, information technology development and the fourth industrial revolution, the labor market is changing and the global demand for STEM professions is growing. This paper discusses the impact that these technological changes may have on the existing disparity between women and men in the mentioned areas.
Service quality management in public passenger transport
Authors: Rajković Dragan , Vasiljević Saša
Published: October 2020

One of the primary targets in performing and providing a transport service is the quality of that service. The procedure of working in transportation is specific, especially in public passenger transport, where the users or passengers are present in creating and providing the service. A huge number of methods and standards are available to the carrier in order to manage the service quality and customer satisfaction. The paper presents elements of quality management system (QMS) with focus on public passenger transport (PPT). Specific standards for the quality of passenger transport services EN 13816 and EN 15140 are also analyzed. Service quality measuring can be realized by users - passengers, carriers, mystery passengers, local community. The most commonly used method is survey. A selected review of PPT users customer satisfaction is provided at the end of the paper.
Analysis of the industrial results of the rough flotation process of copper ore in Majdanpek Copper Mine
Authors: Sokolović Jovica , Stanojlović Rodoljub , Andrić Ljubiša , Štirbanović Zoran , Ćirić Nikola
Published: October 2020

This paper presents the results of an industrial testing of the phase of rough flotation of copper ore from the deposit "North revir" in the Copper Mine Majdanpek. The achieved technological parameters in the rough flotation process, the results of grain size analysis by size classes of on the tested products, as well as the recovery and content of copper by size classes in the products of rough flotation show that the process of rough flotation does not work satisfactorily.
The role of financial management in the company
Authors: Mihajlović Milan , Tadin Dušan , Gordić Branimir
Published: October 2020

Financial management plays an important role in the development of enterprises as well as in the development of a country's economic activity. Financial management has a special place in the management system, because of the close connection between finance and management, technology, resources, personnel, etc. The modern financial manager needs to be flexible in order to be able to adapt to changing economic conditions. Its success and ability to find financing sources and manage financial resources depend on the success of the enterprise and the entire economy. For this reason, the primary task of financial management is to maximize the value of stocks by making decisions that increase the value of the company.
Stable fire extinguishing installations with CO2 fire extinguishers
Authors: Jevtić Radoje
Published: October 2020

Stabile systems for fire protection present very important and powerful way for fire protection. The realization of these protection systems can be on different ways and with different fire extinguishers. Fire extinguishers that can be used in these protection systems are water, CO2, dust, foam, inergen, halon or some "new fire extinguishers". The biggest meaning of these systems usage is in the fact that they can be used in cases of human or fire fighters absence, in cases when is important to "cover" large space or volume, in cases where problems and difficulties with fire mobile equipment exist, in cases when fire extinguishers quantity can be small etc. The way of realization of these systems depend from many different factors. This paper was written to present the stabile systems for fire protection with CO2 extinguishers and FDS computer simulation of extinguishing with this kind of stabile fire protection system.
Tumultos violentos. Comentario a las Sentencias de la Audiencia Nacional, Sala de lo Penal, n.º 14/2018, de 4 de junio, y, Sala de Apelación, n.º 7/2018, de 20 de septiembre
Authors: Colomer Bea David
Published: October 2020

En este trabajo se analizan las sentencias de la Audiencia Nacional recaídas en un caso de tumultos violentos dirigidos contra la ejecución de una diligencia de registro llevada a cabo por la Guardia Civil en el marco de una operación antiterrorista. En primer lugar, se critica la condena por desórdenes públicos agravados y, en segundo lugar, se propone el delito de sedición como calificación alternativa.
La responsabilidad omisiva de los funcionarios públicos por la no evitación de delitos: un (no) sistema insostenible
Authors: Tomás-Valiente Lanuza Carmen
Published: October 2020

En el Código penal de 1995 conviven numerosos tipos penales que en ámbitos muy diversos sancionan comportamientos omisivos de funcionarios públicos, la mayoría de los cuales consiste en la no evitación de delitos cometidos por terceras personas. El trabajo analiza este conjunto normativo –tanto las relaciones que se establecen entre los propios preceptos como la de cada uno de ellos con las reglas generales de la comisión por omisión del art. 11 - y destaca su falta de coherencia sistemática, propiciadora de numerosas infracciones del principio de proporcionalidad que una interpretación jurisprudencial desigual tampoco ha contribuido a paliar; finalmente se apuntan algunas sugerencias regulativas orientadas a lograr una mayor armonía valorativa en la punición de –al menos- las conductas más frecuentes.
La regulación de las paradas policiales: una comparativa internacional
Authors: López-Riba José María
Published: October 2020

Las paradas policiales son una línea de investigación jurídica y criminológica destacada en muchos países, sobre todo anglosajones, y cada vez más relevante en otros, como en general los países europeos y, en concreto, España. Sin embargo, existe poca literatura comparando la regulación de las mismas. Con la intención de contribuir en este aspecto, el presente artículo describe los dos principales modelos de regulación internacionales de las paradas policiales: el modelo anglosajón de Stop and Search o Stop and Frisk, presente en países como Reino Unido, y el modelo europeo continental de control de identidad, presente en países europeos como Francia y también en países latinoamericanos como Chile. Respecto a este último modelo se hará un análisis más detallado para el caso español.  Pese a las diferencias entre modelos de regulación se puede observar que comparten una serie de características que en ambos casos dificultan el control legal efectivo de las paradas policiales. Por último, a modo de conclusión, se expondrán las principales similitudes y diferencias entre los dos modelos.
Representación de la historia de España por medio de la filatelia. Estudio de los sellos diseñados por Gallego y Rey
Authors: Vázquez-Miraz Pedro
Published: October 2020

Se presenta un análisis pormenorizado de todos los sellos postales españoles elaborados por los humoristas gráficos Gallego y Rey, los cuales pretendieron reflejar la historia española. Este peculiar tipo de producto filatélico, basado en la combinación de hechos históricos y caricaturas, tuvo como objetivo inicial el de fomentar la correspondencia entre los jóvenes lográndose formar un conjunto que exhibe una visión de toda la historia española. Por medio de una revisión de toda la serie de sellos titulada “Historia de España” (2000-2017) se estudió todo el contenido de estos elementos comunicativos y pedagógicos. Los resultados más relevantes nos permitieron determinar que los autores presentaron ciertos sesgos ideológicos, concluyendo que este material filatélico transmitió una serie de valores que ensalzaban hechos históricos ligados al nacionalismo español.

The research presents a detailed analysis of all Spanish postage stamps created by the humorists Gallego and Rey, which intended to reflect the Spanish history. This peculiar kind of philatelic product, based on the combination of historical facts and caricatures, had as initial objective to encourage mailing among young people resulting in an exhibition of a sole vision of the Spanish history. Through a review of the entire series of stamps entitled “History of Spain” (2000-2017) all the content of these communicative and pedagogical elements was studied. The most relevant results of this study allowed us to determine that the authors presented some ideological bias, concluding that this philatelic material transmitted a series of values that highlighted historical events linked to Spanish nationalism.
¿Qué aporta el género a la formación de docentes de historia? La valoración de la perspectiva de género entre los estudiantes del Máster de Profesor/Profesora en Educación Secundaria
Authors: Rausell Guillot Helena
Published: October 2020

Nuestro artículo presenta los resultados de una investigación sobre género e historia enseñada diseñada e implementada mediante cuestionarios en el Master de Formación de Profesor/Profesora de Enseñanza Secundaria de la Universidad de Valencia (especialidad de Geografía e Historia, cursos 2016-2017 y 2017-2018). Hemos tratado de determinar tanto la formación previa en género de los y las participantes como la valoración que les merecen las aportaciones realizadas por la perspectiva de género a la enseñanza de la historia y su investigación. Los cuestionarios han sido completados por una muestra de 70 estudiantes. Se trata de un estudio colectivo de casos en cuyo análisis hemos considerado como variables tanto la formación previa como el género de los entrevistados.

This article assesses trainee teachers’ appraisal of women history and socially relevant subjects as gender. The aim is to evaluate how participants value gender into teaching and learning processes and in regard to history teaching and research. Thus, discourse and statements related to gender have been analysed and categorized by means of initial surveys. The sample consists of 70 students from the Master’s degree in Secondary Education Teaching (University of Valencia, years 2016-2017 and 2017-2018, majoring in Geography and History). Results have been discussed according to the previous gender training and they also take into account gender bias.
Educar para una ciudadanía crítica: una investigación a partir de los usos y finalidades de la historia escolar
Authors: Banderas Navarro Néstor
Published: October 2020

En esta investigación se examinan los usos y finalidades de la historia en un instituto en relación a la formación ciudadana. El saber histórico tiene gran potencial crítico y permite adquirir criterios para actuar democráticamente. Se emplearán entrevistas semiestructuradas a dos docentes y cuestionarios y narrativas a su alumnado de 1.º y 4.º ESO. La investigación constata un posicionamiento docente híbrido, encontrando rasgos de modelos tradicionales en la enseñanza (el escaso tratamiento de temas controversiales), y críticos, como la creencia en el potencial transformador de la materia. En el alumnado se observarán posiciones objetivistas acerca del pasado, que conviven con ejemplos de mayor capacidad de agencia ante cuestiones actuales. La profundización en estrategias didácticas que aborden la educación política desde la historia redundará en la adquisición de habilidades y actitudes para vivir en democracia.

This research examines the uses and purposes of history in a high school in relation to citizen training. Historical knowledge has great criticism potential and allows acquiring criteria to act democratically. Semi-structured interviews with two teachers and questionnaires and narratives will be used for students in 1st and 4th ESO. The research shows a hybrid teaching position, finding traits of traditional models in teaching (the scarce treatment of controversial topics), and critics, such as the belief in the transformative potential of the subject. In the students, objectivist positions about the past will be observed, which coexist with examples of greater agency capacity in the face of current issues. The deepening of didactic strategies that address political education from History will result in the acquisition of skills and attitudes to live in democracy.
Considering the Role of Zone of Proximal Development and Constructivism in Supporting Teachers’ TPACK and Effective Use of Technology
Authors: Polly Drew , Byker Erik
Published: October 2020

This paper focuses on the construct of Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge (TPACK) as a way to think about the knowledge and skills teachers need to effectively use technology with students. We use the construct of Vygotksy’s Zone of Proximal Development and Social Constructivist epistemologies to consider ways to scaffold and develop pre-service teachers’ TPACK. We synthesize these ideas and provide vignettes that describe what these look like in teacher education programs. We then conclude with implications for both research and practice.
The Contribution of James Duff Brown to the Analytic-Synthetic Method: Comparisons with Otlet, Kaiser, and Ranganathan
Authors: De Sales Rodrigo , Martínez-Ávila Daniel , Augusto Chaves Guimarães José
Published: October 2020

Considering that the analytic-synthetic method is still one of the main methodological approaches to knowledge organization, the present paper aims to highlight the contribution of James Duff Brown to the development of this method. We conducted a comparative analysis based on William James's pragmatism in order to investigate the convergences of Brown’s work with other authors of the analytic-synthetic movement, namely Otlet, Kaiser, and Ranganathan. Our pragmatist analysis reveals that Brown developed a similar stance to the aforementioned authors based on the analysis and synthesis of subjects for knowledge organization.
Oscillatory criteria via linearization of half-linear second order delay differential equations
Authors: Baculíková Blanka , Džurina Jozef
Published: October 2020

In the paper, we study oscillation of the half-linear second order delay differential equations of the form \[\left(r(t)(y'(t))^{\alpha}\right)'+p(t)y^{\alpha}(\tau(t))=0.\] We introduce new monotonic properties of its nonoscillatory solutions and use them for linearization of considered equation which leads to new oscillatory criteria. The presented results essentially improve existing ones.
On some extensions of the A-model
Authors: Juršėnas Rytis
Published: October 2020

The A-model for finite rank singular perturbations of class \(\mathfrak{H}_{-m-2}\setminus\mathfrak{H}_{-m-1}\), \(m \in \mathbb{N}\), is considered from the perspective of boundary relations. Assuming further that the Hilbert spaces \((\mathfrak{H}_n)_{n\in\mathbb{Z}}\) admit an orthogonal decomposition \(\mathfrak{H}^-_n \oplus \mathfrak{H}^+_n\), with the corresponding projections satisfying \(P^{\pm}_{n+1}\subseteq P^{\pm}_n\), nontrivial extensions in the A-model are constructed for the symmetric restrictions in the subspaces.
Digitale ferdigheiter som ferdigrett eller råvare?
Authors: Høibo Ingrid Holmboe , Lerpold Morten Henrik
Published: October 2020

I det digitaliserte samfunnet i dag skjer ei betydeleg endring i læringa sine materielle føresetnader, frå konkrete og analoge læringsmiljø til digitale og virtuelle. Parallelt med den massive digitale satsinga i nordiske utdanningssystem har det vekse fram ei global rørsle kalla the maker movement. Denne artikkelen undersøker korleis rørsla kan bidra til ei breiare og fleirfasettert tilnærming til digital kompetanse i Kunst og handverk (KogH), enn den skjerm­tunge praksisen som til no har dominert. Gjennom studie av læreplanar, læringsteoriar, eigen praksis i feltet, praktiske døme og den stadig veksande ‘makerrørsla’, vert det undersøkt om utdanningssystemet i større grad burde støtte seg til den faglege og forskingsmessige kunn­skapen om kropp og materialet si rolle i barn si læring når viktige avgjersler om skuleutvikling og digitalisering av KogH-faget skal takast.

Nøkkelord: Digitale ferdigheiter, handverk, kroppsleg erkjenning, maker movement, demokrati.
Navigating methodological perspectives in Doctoral research through creative practice
Authors: Riis Kirstine , Groth Camilla
Published: October 2020

Academic research in crafts, conducted by crafts persons from an insider perspective and through practice-led approaches, is still just emerging and ways of conducting research is developing with each research project. Through this article, we try to navigate the field from a doctoral candidate’s perspective, presenting the research field and some central issues commonly confronted with in regards to epistemology, methodology and methods. We exemplify the arguments made through our own doctoral projects to make our points more concrete. The article discusses the methodological perspectives of these research projects, how and why they developed and changed over time and influences posed by outer circumstances. We especially point to the challenges and opportunities of practice-led research in crafts and highlight the relevance and type of contribution to be had and its meaningfulness for the practice field and related education.
The Infestation of Cockroach and Their Perceived Importance in Yalanguruza and Nassarawo Communities, Gombe, Nigeria
Authors: Abba Ezra , Ibrahim Abubakar Jibrin , Yoriyo Kennedy Poloma , Emmanuel Blessing Chinwendu
Published: October 2020

Aims: Poor sanitation is strongly associated with an increased cockroach infestation. In line with this, the study was carried out to ascertain and quantify the level of cockroach infestation and their perceived importance in Yalanguruza and Nassarawo communities.

Study Design: Each community was sectioned into four longitudinal zones and 50 houses were randomly selected from each zone for the collection of samples and administration of questionnaires.

Place and Duration of Study: This study was carried out between May and August 2018. Samples were collected in Yalanguruza and Nassarawo communities of Gombe and identified in the Department of Biological Sciences, Gombe State University.

Methodology: A total of 409 cockroaches were collected from different sources in residential homes, 208 in Yalanguruza and 201 in Nassarawo using Hercules mouse glue board with pieces of Cray-fish as baits and were preserved and identified to their respective species. Structured questionnaires were used to obtain the perception of the respondents in the communities about cockroaches. A total of 200 questionnaires were administered in each of the communities.

Results: Up to 78% of the respondents had low knowledge of cockroach infestation and 66% attributed infestation to poor sanitation. The most-reported perception of cockroaches habitation in homes was toilets (66.5%) while the majority (57%) of the respondents knew that cockroaches can be vectors of diseases. 68.5% of the respondents used insecticides in controlling cockroaches. Food items compared to other items showed to be the most commonly affected by the cockroaches with 48% of the respondent attesting that. Cockroach species identified from the two communities were Periplaneta americana with the highest frequency value of 196(47.9%), Blattela germanica 94(23.0%), Supella longipalpa 67(16.4%), Blatta orientalis 38(9.3%) and Arinevaga floredensis 14(3.4%). The highest numbers of cockroaches were obtained from Yalanguruza, 208(50.9). Out of the 409 cockroaches collected, 314(76.8%) were from toilets, 30(7.35%) from bedrooms and 65(15.80%) from kitchens.

Conclusion: High infestation of cockroaches in the study communities was observed and there are poor knowledge and perception of cockroaches in the communities; hence there is a need to sensitize the people in the communities on the potential public health impact of cockroaches.
The Novel Factors for Profitability and Viability for Ponds’ Tilapia Farming in Coastal Region of Tanzania
Authors: Kulyakwave Peter David , Ngondo Kelvin Elisha
Published: October 2020

The study examined the profitability and the present factors for Tilapia production in Tanzania. A purposive sampling technique used to obtain a total of 92 Tilapia farming households from 120 farming communities provided by the Tanzania government. Primary data are collected through the use of a structured questionnaire and analyzed by using descriptive statistics. The Gross Margin tool used to calculate the profitability of the semi-intensive tilapia pond fish farming. The Ordinary Least Squares regression used to determine the novel factors affecting the profitability and Net Present Values determined the viability of tilapia pond farming, respectively. The descriptive findings have revealed that the majority of tilapia farmers had a mean age of 39 years, while male respondents dominated tilapia farming. Among the costs, the feed cost contributed about 73% of the total cost indicating that feeds availability is among the prominent challenge for tilapia farming. The Gross margin obtained by the respondents was averagely 21.7%. The regression analysis has revealed that the cost of feeds, stocking density and the size of seed significantly affected the accrued pond tilapia profit negatively. The result from the Present Net Value was negative; thus, concludes that the current tilapia pond fish farming is not worthy in the study area.
Neurotensin receptor 1 signaling promotes pancreatic cancer progression
Authors: Takahashi Kei , Ehata Shogo , Miyauchi Kensuke , Morishita Yasuyuki , Miyazawa Keiji , Miyazono Kohei
Published: October 2020

Pancreatic cancer is one of the cancers with the poorest prognosis, with a 5‐year survival rate of approximately 5–10%. Thus, it is urgent to identify molecular targets for the treatment of pancreatic cancer. Using serial transplantations in a mouse pancreatic orthotopic inoculation model, we previously produced highly malignant pancreatic cancer sublines with increased tumor‐forming abilities in vivo. Here, we used these sublines to screen molecular targets for the treatment of pancreatic cancer. Among the genes with increased expression levels in the sublines, we focused on those encoding cell surface receptors that may be involved in the interactions between cancer cells and the tumor microenvironment. Based on our previous RNA‐sequence analysis, we found increased expression levels of neurotensin (NTS) receptor 1 (NTSR1) in highly malignant pancreatic cancer sublines. Furthermore, re‐analysis of clinical databases revealed that the expression level of NTSR1 was increased in advanced pancreatic cancer and that high NTSR1 levels were correlated with a poor prognosis. Overexpression of NTSR1 in human pancreatic cancer cells Panc‐1 and SUIT‐2 accelerated their tumorigenic and metastatic abilities in vivo. In addition, RNA‐sequence analysis showed that MAPK and NF‐κB signaling pathways were activated upon NTS stimulation in highly malignant cancer sublines and also revealed many new target genes for NTS in pancreatic cancer cells. NTS stimulation increased the expression of MMP‐9 and other pro‐inflammatory cytokines and chemokines in pancreatic cancer cells. Moreover, the treatment with SR48692, a selective NTSR1 antagonist, suppressed the activation of the MAPK and NF‐κB signaling pathways and induction of target genes in pancreatic cancer cells in vitro, while the administration of SR48692 attenuated the tumorigenicity of pancreatic cancer cells in vivo. These findings suggest that NTSR1 may be a prognostic marker and a molecular target for pancreatic cancer treatment.
Study on the polarization to megacity regions and the urban divide: Focusing on the case of Nishinari Ward, Osaka City, Japan
Authors: Kidokoro Tetsuo , Hsiao Hongwei , Fukuda Ryo
Published: October 2020

This study aimed at verifying a hypothesis regarding the polarization to megacity regions and the urban divide. In the first part, we examined the polarization to megacity regions in Japan focusing on concentration of wealth based on various economic statistics, as well as records of public investment. In the second part, we selected Osaka city as a case analysis for examining the urban divide inside a megacity region (based on a cluster analysis) and analyzed the current conditions of the urban divide in Osaka City. In the third part, we examined the diverse types of living in the Airin area, Nishinari Ward, Osaka City. Through analysis based on interview surveys conducted at local real estate companies, we discussed the mechanisms in housing provisions for realizing of diversity. Urban divides (in both social and spatial terms) are clearly observed in Osaka City. In particular, the Airin area of the Nishinari Ward in Osaka City is the area where daily construction workers are concentrated, and many of workers in this area are old and/or have lost jobs. Simultaneously, the Airin area functions as a place to nurture diversity, as a gateway to the city.
Mechanical Properties of Materials for Stem Cell Differentiation
Authors: Han Seong‐Beom , Kim Jeong‐Ki , Lee Geonhui , Kim Dong‐Hwee
Published: October 2020

Recent findings about cell fate change induced by physical stimuli have expedited the discovery of underlying regulatory mechanisms that determine stem cell differentiation. Progress with regards to micro‐/nanofabrication technology have led to the development of advanced materials that can mimic biophysical features of in vivo related circumstances of the human body. Since the cellular microenvironment directly defines cellular structure and function, diverse material properties including stiffness, topology, and surface chemistry are investigated to regulate multiple signaling cascades involved in stem cell differentiation for the development of innovative tools that can be widely utilized in various fields ranging from basic research to medical applications. This progress report addresses essential biophysical regulation and alteration of material properties applied to control stem cell differentiation. It also presents novel strategies to regulate stem cell differentiation based on relationships between recently discovered mechanotransduction pathways and cell differentiation signaling. A new perspective on stem cell physiology will further provide a framework of biomedical applications such as regenerative medicine and stem cell therapy.
Palladium Nanocrystals‐Engineered Metal–Organic Frameworks for Enhanced Tumor Inhibition by Synergistic Hydrogen/Photodynamic Therapy
Authors: Chen Jiajie , Lin Shiyang , Zhao Doudou , Guan Lei , Hu Yaping , Wang Yitong , Lin Kaili , Zhu Yufang
Published: October 2020

Hydrogen therapy, as a star therapeutic modality, has recently acquired much attention in the field of anticancer medicine. Evidence suggests that hydrogen can selectively reduce intratumoral overexpressed hydroxyl radicals (•OH) to break the redox homoeostasis and thereby result in redox stress and cell damage. As a reactive oxygen species‐related noninvasive modality, photodynamic therapy (PDT) has been approved for varied tumor treatments clinically. For implementing tumor therapy with enhanced anticancer efficacy and attenuated side effects, here a biocompatible palladium nanocrystals‐integrated nanoscale porphyrinic metal–organic framework (NPMOF) is designed to develop a novel combined therapy modality, that is, synergistic hydrogen/photodynamic therapy. The NPMOF is employed simultaneously as the photosensitizer for PDT and as the nanocarrier to support palladium nanocrystals, which is further used as the hydrogen vehicle. The final hydrogen‐containing nanosystems exhibit a persistent reductive hydrogen release behavior and considerable light‐activated singlet oxygen (1O2) generation without mutual interference, contributing to the adequate disturbance of tumor microenvironment redox steady‐state for synergistically inducing tumor cell death. Ultimately, by coupling of tumor‐selective hydrogen therapy and PDT, the designed nanosystems realize the augmented therapeutic outcome with minimal side effects, providing a safe and efficient tumor treatment for future clinical translation.
A Multistage Cooperative Nanoplatform Enables Intracellular Co‐Delivery of Proteins and Chemotherapeutics for Cancer Therapy
Authors: Zhang Peng , Zhang Yu , Ding Xiaoya , Shen Wei , Li Mingqian , Wagner Ernst , Xiao Chunsheng , Chen Xuesi
Published: October 2020

Combining intracellularly active proteins with chemotherapeutics represents a promising strategy for synergistic cancer therapy. However, the lack of nanocarrier systems for delivery into cancer cells and controlled intracellular release of both physicochemically very distinct cargos significantly impedes the biomedical translation of this combination strategy in cancer therapy. Here, a well‐designed triblock copolymer, mPEG‐b‐PGCA‐b‐PGTA, is reported for application in a multistage cooperative drug delivery nanoplatform that accomplishes effective intracellular co‐delivery of hydrophilic ribonuclease A (RNase A) and hydrophobic doxorubicin (DOX). RNase A bioreversibly modified with phenylboronic acid groups via a ROS‐cleavable carbamate linker is incorporated into the triblock copolymer nanoparticles with high efficiency through a pH‐reversible phenylboronic acid–catechol linkage. The reversible covalent conjugations between RNase A and the triblock copolymer endow the nanoparticles with high stability under normal physiological conditions. Upon cellular internalization, the cooperative release of DOX and RNase A from the triblock copolymer nanoparticles is triggered at multiple stages by endosomal acidic environment and subsequent DOX‐enhanced intracellular ROS environment. This leads to enhanced synergistic anticancer effects as demonstrated both in vitro and in vivo. Given the versatility of dynamic covalent conjugations, this work provides a universal and stable platform for intracellular co‐delivery of various combinations of proteins and chemotherapeutics.
Deep Tissue Translocation of Graphene Oxide Sheets in Human Glioblastoma 3D Spheroids and an Orthotopic Xenograft Model
Authors: de Lázaro Irene , Sharp Paul , Gurcan Cansu , Ceylan Ahmet , Stylianou Maria , Kisby Thomas , Chen Yingxian , Vranic Sandra , Barr Katharine , Taheri Hadiseh , Ozen Asuman , Bussy Cyrill , Yilmazer Acelya , Kostarelos Kostas
Published: October 2020

Its anatomical localization, a highly heterogeneous and drug‐resistant tumor cell population and a “cold” immune microenvironment, all challenge the treatment of glioblastoma. Nanoscale drug delivery systems, including graphene oxide (GO) flakes, may circumvent some of these issues bypassing biological barriers, delivering multiple cargoes to impact several pathways simultaneously, or targeting the immune compartment. Here, the interactions of GO flakes with in vitro (U‐87 MG three‐dimensional spheroids, without stromal or immune compartments) and in vivo (U‐87 MG orthotopic xenograft) models of glioblastoma are investigated. In vitro, GO flakes translocated deeply into the spheroids with little internalization in tumor cells. In vivo, intracranially administered GO also show extensive distribution throughout the tumor and demonstrate no impact on tumor growth and progression for the duration of the study. Internalization within tumor cells is also scarce, with the majority of flakes preferentially taken up by microglia/macrophages. The results indicate that GO flakes could offer deep and homogenous distribution throughout glioblastoma tumors and a means to target their myeloid compartment. Further studies are warranted to investigate the mechanisms of GO flakes transport within the tumor mass and their capacity to deliver bioactive cargoes but, ultimately, this information could inform the development of immunotherapies against glioblastoma.