bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Racial and Ethnic Differences in the Fear-Victimization Gap at School: An Examination of School Context and Trends Over Time
Authors: Kurpiel Allison , Hullenaar Keith L. , Ruback Richard Barry
Published: May 2022

This study examined racial and ethnic differences in adolescents’ fear of attack or harm at school after adjusting for differences in violent victimization prevalence. We analyzed 49,782 surveys from 35,588 adolescents who participated in the NCVS School Crime Supplement (1999-2017). We tested whether differences in fear are attributable to youths’ (1) experiences with non-criminal harms, (2) indirect exposure to crime and violence at their school, or (3) school security and disciplinary practices. We then examined trends in fear and victimization by race/ethnicity over a period of crime decline to determine how fear has changed relative to victimization across the racial/ethnic groups. In the pooled sample, Black and Hispanic youth had 93% and 74% higher odds than White youth of expressing fear at school, after adjusting for violent victimization and demographic characteristics. After accounting for non-criminal harms, exposure to crime and violence, and school security/discipline, Black and Hispanic youth had only 39% and 44% higher odds than White youth of expressing fear, respectively. Mediation analyses indicated that the explanatory variables explained half (50.2%) and one third (33.7%) of the difference in the odds of fear between Black and Hispanic youth compared to White youth. Analyses over time indicated that fear declined more for Black and Hispanic youth than White youth, despite similarly-sized declines in victimization across race/ethnicity. Altogether, the results suggest that racial and ethnic differences in fear of criminal victimization partly reflect differential experiences and environments at school. We consider the implications of our findings in terms of understanding how the school context influences fear differently across students’ racial and ethnic identities.
Longitudinal Associations Between Cybervictimization and Adolescent Sleep Problems: The Role of Anxiety and Depressive Symptoms
Authors: Chen Yuanyuan , Zhu Jianjun
Published: May 2022

Adolescents who have experienced cybervictimization are at risk for sleep problems. However, there is a gap in knowledge about the mechanism that would explain this link. The study used a longitudinal design to test if cybervictimization predicted adolescents' sleep problems 6 and 12 months later, and whether these patterns could be explained in part by emotional distress in response to the victimization. Participants were 1987 Chinese adolescents (56.1% males) ages 10 to 14 ( M = 12.32, SD = 0.53) at baseline. Data were collected over the course of 1 year, in three waves 6 months apart. The adolescents completed questionnaires regarding cybervictimization, sleep problems, depressive symptoms, and anxiety symptoms at all three time points. Autoregressive cross-lagged models showed that cybervictimization predicted later sleep problems after controlling for traditional peer victimization, and anxiety and depressive symptoms mediated this link. Multivariate latent growth models showed that the developmental trajectories of cybervictimization, sleep problems, anxiety symptoms, and depressive symptoms were related in complex ways over time. Measures of study variables were self-reported, and generalizability may be limited by a sample of adolescents from school in China. These results are important because of their implications for prevention and treatment of adolescents’ sleep problems evoked by cybervictimization.
A longitudinal study of dispositional compassion in Syrian origin young adults resettling in the Netherlands
Authors: Laceulle Odilia M. , Stellar Jennifer E. , Kinan Alajak , Eva Alisic , Zeina Al Sawaf , Laurien Meijer , Moopen Neha , Trudy Mooren , Ozoruç Ilayda , Haza Rahim , Taşfiliz Duygu , Zonneveld Renée , Chung Joanne M.
Published: May 2022

Background

Dispositional compassion is regarded as a facet of Agreeableness, an emotional driver of prosociality, and a primary marker of adjustment. We examined changes in dispositional compassion in Syrian young adults resettling in the Netherlands, as well as the role of migration-related and demographic variables in this change.

Methods

We analyzed data from a 4-wave (T1-T4), 13-month longitudinal study ( N = 168; T1 Mage = 28.1 years, 70% male) using Latent Growth Curve Modelling (LGCM) in Mplus.

Results

Bivariate correlations indicated moderate test-retest correlations across the four waves of dispositional compassion and several correlations with the migration-related and demographic variables. A LGCM indicated a high initial level and small linear decrease in compassion over the four waves. Except for a link between pre-migration adversity and the intercept, the migration-related and demographic variables were not related to either the intercept of the slope of dispositional compassion.

Conclusion

Results suggest that high levels of dispositional compassion may be common for Syrian young adults with refugee backgrounds, but on average, slowly decreases over time. The cross-sectional associations between migration-related and demographic variables and dispositional compassion in the absence of a prospective one emphasize the importance of longitudinal research for understanding trajectories of adjustment.
Mechanical, thermal, rheological assessment of polyamide-6 reinforced composites by addition of lamellar zirconium phosphate
Authors: Freitas Daniela de França da Silva , Albitres Gerson Alberto Valencia , Mariano Danielle de Mattos , Cestari Sibele Piedade , Mendes Luis Claudio
Published: May 2022

The improvement of properties has been pursued through the addition of an immense variety of fillers in polymers. In this work we studied the effect of lamellar zirconium phosphate (ZrP) on the physico-mechanical properties of polyamide-6 (PA-6). The ZrP was synthesized and incorporated into PA-6 matrix at 1, 2 and 3 wt.%. Structural, thermal, relaxometric, tensile, melt flow and rheologic characteristics were assessed. Thermogravimetry indicated a low influence of the filler on thermal stability. The deconvolution of the melting peaks indicated transformation of the PA-6 α to γ phase and increase in crystallinity degree. Sample with 1 wt.% of ZrP showed an additional peak at higher relaxation time indicating restriction of polymer molecular mobility. By infrared, amine and carbonyl indices evaluation suggested ZrP interfered on the PA-6 hydrogen bonds. The elastic modulus increased slightly for all composition. Melt flow rate decreased with the amount of ZrP. The composite with 1 wt.% of ZrP exhibited the highest storage modulus and shear thinning effect noticed in the complex viscosity.
Emergency Department Nurses’ Experiences of a Mindfulness Training Intervention: A Phenomenological Exploration
Authors: Trygg Lycke Sofia , Airosa Fanny , Lundh Lena
Published: May 2022

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to explore emergency care nurses’ experiences of an intervention to increase compassion and empathy and reduce stress through individual mindfulness training delivered via workshops and a smartphone application. We also explored how the nurses felt about the practical and technical aspects of the intervention. Design: Qualitative interview study. Method: Individual interviews were conducted with eight of the 56 participants in the intervention study and used phenomenological analysis to illuminate how they made sense of their lived experiences of mindfulness training. Findings: Three themes illuminated the nurses’ experiences: becoming aware, changing through mindfulness, and gaining the tools for mindfulness through workshops and the mobile application. The first two themes expressed personal experiences, whereas the third expressed experiences of the practical and technical aspects of the intervention. Most nurses found the mobile application easy to use and effective. Conclusions: Emergency care nurses can feel that the awareness and changes that come with mindfulness training benefit them, their colleagues, and the patients for whom they care. The findings also provide insights into the challenges of practicing mindfulness in a busy emergency care setting and into the practical aspects of using a smartphone application to train mindfulness.
Past, Present, and Future Trends of Nickel Titanium Rotary Instrumentation
Authors: Guillory Melissa , Vall Patrick
Published: May 2022

This article reviews the historical development, properties, and trends of nickel titanium rotary instrumentation use for the veterinary endodontist.
COVID-19 management at one of the largest hospitals in Germany: Concept, evaluation and adaptation
Authors: Zhelyazkova Ana , Fischer Philipp M , Thies Nina , Schrader-Reichling Julia S , Kohlmann Thorsten , Adorjan Kristina , Huith René , Jauch Karl-Walter , Prückner Stephan M
Published: May 2022

Context

The LMU University Hospital is among the largest healthcare facilities in Germany. The measures implemented prior to and during the first pandemic wave of COVID-19, were evaluated in preparation of a second pandemic wave. This paper presents the pandemic management concept, evaluation and adaptation of LMU University Hospital.

Methods

Between July and September 2020 the disaster management team of LMU University Hospital conducted a mixed-method evaluation of the hospital’s pandemic management. A workshop series based on the After Action Review working group format was organized to examine the management structure, decision-making processes, documentation, and crisis preparedness response for a second COVID-19 wave. Further, the satisfaction of employees with the hospital’s COVID-19 management was examined through an anonymous survey.

Results

The workshop series highlighted a need for structural and operational adaptation of the COVID-19 management at LMU University Hospital. The results of the employee survey ( N = 2182) provided positive feedback for the measures taken during the first pandemic wave. Specific actions were derived concerning the availability of personal protective equipment and emergency childcare services. A key outcome of both evaluation activities was the identified need for further improvement in communication between stakeholders. All changes were adopted prior to the second pandemic wave.
Research on reliability of mode coupling chatter of orthopedic surgery robot
Authors: Wang Linwei , Liu Yu , Yu Ye , He Fengxia
Published: May 2022

In this paper, the reliability probability method is introduced into the prediction of mode coupling chatter of the orthopedic surgical robot milling to avoid the influence of the randomness of the input parameters on the chatter prediction results. The reliability of mode coupling chatter is defined to represent the probability of the stability (no mode coupling chatter occurs) of milling system. Probability model (reliability model) of mode coupling chatter is established to predict robotic milling chatter, in which the modal stiffness K x, K y and cutting force coefficient Ks involved in the prediction of chatter vibration during robotic milling are considered as random variables. The fourth moment method is adopted to solve the reliability model of milling system to obtain the reliability level. The mode coupling chatter reliability circle diagram (MCCRCD), which is a contour line with a specified reliability level as a function of the angle between the main stiffness direction and the cutting force and the depth of cut, is presented to identify the mode coupling chatter reliable and unreliable regions. An example studies the influence of random variables on the reliability of milling processing, and the time-domain simulation method and experiment method are used to verify the possibility and effectiveness of using MCCRCD to predict the stability of the robotic milling. It can be concluded that MCCRCD can be effectively used to predict the stability of robotic milling.
Performance studies of self-acting oil-lubricated bump journal bearing under lightly loaded conditions employing pocketed top foils
Authors: Ganai P , Atwal JC , Pandey RK , Dutt JK
Published: May 2022

This paper explores the performance of oil-lubricated bump journal bearings employing micro-pockets on top foil surfaces for lightly loaded applications such as vertical rotor-bearing systems of centrifugal oil filters, vertical pumps, vertical shaft sinking machines and helicopter rotors. The influence of the number of pockets and their attributes on the performance behaviours of the bearing has been presented and explored herein. The six pocketed top foil yields the best performance, followed by four, eight and ten pocketed cases. With micro-pocketed top foil, the coefficient of friction is reduced by 7–18% compared to plain foil. Furthermore, pocketed foil provided improved stability of the rotor.
Exploration of Thermophoresis and Brownian motion effect on the bio-convective flow of Newtonian fluid conveying tiny particles: Aspects of multi-layer model
Authors: Anandika Rajeev , Puneeth Venkatesh , Manjunatha Sarpabhushana , Shehzad Sabir Ali , Arshad Misbah
Published: May 2022

This research deals with the analysis of bioconvection caused by the movement of gyrotactic microorganisms. The multi-layer immiscible Newtonian fluid flowing through the vertical channel conveying tiny particles is accounted. The immiscible fluids are arranged in the form of a sandwich where the middle layer has a different base fluid that does not mix with the base fluid of the adjacent fluid layer. This separation of the fluid layers gives rise to the interface boundary conditions. Such flows have found applications in electronic cooling and solar reactors processes. Buongiorno’s model has been incorporated to design the mathematical model that describes the three-layer flows of Newtonian fluid conveying tiny (metal/oxide) particles under thermophoretic force and Brownian motion. The model thus formed is in the form of the ordinary differential system of equations that are solved using the DTM-Pade approximant after non-dimensionalization. The limited results have an excellent comparison with the existing literature results. The results are discussed through graphs and tables. It is seen that thermophoresis enhances the temperature and particle concentration of the fluid whereas, the Brownian motion is found to enhance the temperature and decrease the concentration. The presence of bioconvection helps in achieving enhanced energy and mass transportation. Moreover, the heat transfer occurring between the different base fluids helps to maintain the optimum temperature in the systems.
Design and development of automated dispensing machine as medical device-based application: A review
Authors: Mohd Mazlan Muhamad Farhan , Salleh Siti Zuliana , Ab Karim Mohd Sayuti , Abd Razak Nasrul Anuar
Published: May 2022

An automatic system in equipment can be recognized as a systematic control system to minimize human tasks or automatically complete repetitive tasks without human involvement. This review paper focused on the dispensing machines in the medical field particularly the design development of the automated dispensing machines which can be considered as one of the important technologies in pharmacy. This paper also briefly describes the main criteria for fabricating the dispensing machine. Next, different fabrication methods of the dispensing machine such as simple fabrication and 3D printing as well as the materials used in 3D printing are also thoroughly discussed. The last section consisted of the evaluation methods to justify the developed devices by comparing the performance of fabricated products and also through surveys and feedback from patients and medical staff. Based on the performance evaluation of automated dispensing machines as reported in the literature, it can be concluded that the implementation of an automated dispensing machine is necessary for the high-quality guarantee of community healthcare.
Micro-pressure wave radiation from tunnel portals in deep cuttings
Authors: Wang Honglin , Vardy Alan E , Bi Haiquan
Published: May 2022

The reflection and radiation of steep-fronted wavefronts at a tunnel exit to a deep cutting is studied and contrasted with the more usual case of radiation from over-ground portals. A well-known difference between radiation in odd and even dimensions is shown to have a significant influence on reflected wavefronts, notably causing increased distortion that complicates analyses, but that can have practical advantages when rapid changes are undesirable. Likewise, micro-pressure waves radiating from the portal into a cutting are shown to exhibit strong dispersion that does not occur in the corresponding radiation into an open terrain. In the latter case, formulae that represent the behaviour of monopoles and dipoles are commonly used to estimate conditions beyond tunnel portals, but no such simple formula exists (or is even possible) for cylindrical radiation that is characteristic of MPWs in cuttings. An important outcome of the paper is the development of an approximate relationship that predicts the maximum amplitudes of these MPWs with an accuracy that should be acceptable in engineering design, at least for initial purposes. The formula shows that peak pressure amplitudes decay much more slowly than those from an overground portal, namely varying approximately as r −0.5 compared with r −1, where r denotes the distance from the portal.
Redefining rail systems verification and validation: The safety/security STAIRCASE model
Authors: Bearfield George , Van Gulijk Coen , Thomas Richard James
Published: May 2022

Safety critical functions of the engineered railway need to perform at levels of integrity that are so high that an acceptable failure rate cannot be demonstrated through testing alone. Where such functions need to be implemented in complex programmable electronic systems certain design, build and test requirements are defined in technical standards and these are deemed to ensure that the correct level of systematic integrity is achieved. These approaches are based on assumptions around how system requirements are managed and delivered which are increasingly challenging to meet in practice. In particular the V&V lifecycle used in functional safety standards and emerging cyber security design standards is idealised. It assumes a top-down cascade of requirements for each delivery project. The approaches have become the de-facto standard internationally and are now mandated to an extent in European railway safety regulations. This paper proposes a different approach: a new lifecycle model that aligns better with the reality of the modern global supply chain and the order in which asset design and project delivery activities are actually undertaken to improve the ability to proactively manage safety.This leads to a fundamental change in the assurance philosophy to bring a simpler and more understandable approach. A framework for applying this approach is set out along with further research objectives to deliver the solution in practice.
Noise reduction method for non-stationary noise of vibration signal of shearer mechanical transmission system
Authors: Mao Qinghua , Zhang Fei , Jia Weipeng , Zhang Yongqiang , Zhang Xuhui , Fan Hongwei
Published: May 2022

Aiming at the problem that vibration signal of mechanical transmission system of shearer is vulnerable to be interferenced by non-stationary strong noise, a combined method with variational mode decomposition and recursive least squares (VMD-RLS) is proposed for non-stationary noise reduction. Firstly, the vibration signal is decomposed by VMD and the number of decomposition layers is determined according to the principle of minimum energy difference. Then, a dominant criterion of frequency-domain characteristic amplitude is proposed to select invalid intrinsic mode components (IMF, Intrinsic Mode Function). The proportion of the frequency-domain characteristic amplitude of each order IMF component for VMD is calculated. The invalid intrinsic mode functions are selected for reconstruction, and the noise signal after VMD decomposition is obtained. Finally, the noise signal decomposed by VMD is used as reference noise signal of RLS adaptive filtering algorithm to carry out adaptive noise reduction, and the final vibration signal after noise reduction is obtained. The wavelet de-noising method, VMD de-noising method, and VMD-RLS de-noising method are used to carry out noise reduction comparative experiment on the vibration signal of shearer. The experiment results indicate that the noise reduction method of VMD-RLS is better than VMD and wavelet de-noising method. The noise reduction method of VMD-RLS can effectively extract vibration signals from non-stationary strong noise, and provide help for the subsequent fault diagnosis and analysis of shearer mechanical transmission system.
Study on CNT reinforced functionally graded sandwich conical shell subjected to low-velocity impact under thermal environment
Authors: Das Apurba
Published: May 2022

In the present work, low-velocity impact behavior of pre-twisted carbon nanotubes (CNTs) reinforced functionally graded (FG) sandwich conical shell panels is studied using finite element method. The top and bottom face sheets are reinforced with single-walled CNTs reinforced FG materials with various patterns. The temperature-dependent material properties of the CNTs reinforced functionally graded facings are evaluated using micromechanical models. The dynamic equilibrium equation of the impacted sandwich panel is formulated using Lagrange’s equation. A modified Hertzian contact law is used to evaluate contact force. The solutions of the resulting equations are obtained using Newmark’s time integration method. After validation study of the present method, the effects of the CNTs grading pattern, velocity of the impactor, size of the impactor, CNTs volume fraction, operating temperature, angle of twist, and core-to-facing thickness ratio on the low-velocity impact response of the CNTs reinforced functionally graded sandwich conical shell panel are studied in detail. Numerical results show that increasing the volume fraction of CNTs increases the contact force while a lower contact force is predicted at elevated temperatures.
Investigation of the efficiency of air heated solar collectors with different geometries by experimental method
Authors: Yildiz Muhammed Enis , Yilmaz Adem
Published: May 2022

In this study, an experimental comparison of the thermal performances for four type of air-heated solar collectors was performed with different interior structures at various air velocities from 1 to 4 m/s within increments of 0.5 m/s. Collector with aluminum can, aluminum can-metal chip collector, aluminum can-paraffine collector, and baseline collector were used as air-heated solar collectors. According to the results, the average temperature difference in the aluminum can-metal chip solar collector was obtained as 54°C at 1.5 m/s, which is the highest average temperature difference among the collectors. For the solar collector with an aluminum can, the thermal efficiencies were 21% at 1 m/s and 31% at 1.5 m/s. The highest thermal efficiency was achieved as 53% at 4 m/s in the aluminum can-metal chip solar collector, while the aluminum can-paraffin solar collector reached the maximum value of 51% at 4 m/s.
Worthiness, unity, numbers and commitment: Strengthening qualitative corpus methods in the critical discourse analysis of protest press coverage
Authors: Kennedy Charlotte-Rose
Published: May 2022

The increasingly used method of corpus-assisted Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) has recently been criticised for lacking identifiable and accountable methods in its qualitative analyses. For example, manual concordance analysis (a popular corpus technique involving the ‘close reading’ of text) rarely explicates the qualitative method involved – that is, if any has been used at all. This article seeks to strengthen qualitative concordance analysis in the context of the press representation of protests. In doing so, it theoretically formulates the novel linguistic application of Tilly’s sociological ‘WUNC’ framework, which argues protests and social movements are successful when they display worthiness, unity, numbers and commitment. By mapping prominent CDA theories onto Tilly’s definitions of worthiness, unity, numbers and commitment, the article offers a replicable qualitative approach to the analysis of concordances specific to linguistic research about the press representation of protests.
The impact of foreign direct investment on China's carbon emission efficiency through energy intensity and low-carbon city pilot policy
Authors: Wang Lianghu , Shao Jun
Published: May 2022

The rapid growth of foreign direct investment (FDI) has had a significant impact on rapid economic development and environmental pollution in China. Nonetheless, the underlying mechanism and empirical evidence of FDI impact on carbon emission efficiency have not been systematically explored. Therefore, this study investigates the impact of FDI on carbon emission efficiency via energy intensity, as well as the moderating role of the Low-Carbon City Pilot Policy (LCCP) in the process. We found that: (1) During the study sample period, the average carbon emission efficiency tends to rise, however, there remains a gap between the optimal carbon emission efficiency; (2) FDI is one of the key factors that inhibit the improvement of carbon emission efficiency, with a non-linear relationship between them; (3) FDI indirectly suppresses the improvement of carbon emission efficiency by promoting energy intensity. Nevertheless, the implementation of LCCP has a positive effect on carbon emission efficiency; (4) The implementation of LCCP has improved the negative impact of FDI on carbon emission efficiency, nonetheless, it cannot significantly influence the process that FDI affects carbon emission efficiency through energy intensity. Thus, we propose improvement measures from three aspects, i.e., increasing the introduction of foreign capital, adjusting the energy consumption structure, and expanding the scope of low-carbon cities.
On the Need to Improve the Way Individual Differences in Cognitive Function Are Measured With Reaction Time Tasks
Authors: White Corey N. , Kitchen Kiah N.
Published: May 2022

The measurement of individual differences in specific cognitive functions has been an important area of study for decades. Often the goal of such studies is to determine whether there are cognitive deficits or enhancements associated with, for example, a specific population, psychological disorder, health status, or age group. The inherent difficulty, however, is that most cognitive functions are not directly observable, so researchers rely on indirect measures to infer an individual’s functioning. One of the most common approaches is to use a task that is designed to tap into a specific function and to use behavioral measures, such as reaction times (RTs), to assess performance on that task. Although this approach is widespread, it unfortunately is subject to a problem of reverse inference: Differences in a given cognitive function can be manifest as differences in RTs, but that does not guarantee that differences in RTs imply differences in that cognitive function. We illustrate this inference problem with data from a study on aging and lexical processing, highlighting how RTs can lead to erroneous conclusions about processing. Then we discuss how employing choice-RT models to analyze data can improve inference and highlight practical approaches to improving the models and incorporating them into one’s analysis pipeline.
Manual acupuncture at ST36 attenuates rheumatoid arthritis by inhibiting M1 macrophage polarization and enhancing Treg cell populations in adjuvant-induced arthritic rats
Authors: Yu Nannan , Yang Fuming , Zhao Xue , Guo Yongming , Xu Yuan , Pang Guangchang , Gong Yinan , Wang Shenjun , Liu Yangyang , Fang Yuxin , Yu Kun , Yao Lin , Wang Hui , Zhang Kuo , Liu Baohu , Wang Zhenguo , Guo Yi , Xu Zhifang
Published: May 2022

Objectives:

Acupuncture has been found to be effective at relieving many inflammatory pain conditions, including rheumatoid arthritis (RA). We aimed to assess the anti-inflammatory potential of manual acupuncture (MA) treatment of RA using adjuvant-induced arthritic (AIA) rats and to explore the underlying mechanisms.

Methods:

The anti-inflammatory and analgesic actions of MA at ST36 ( Zusanli) in AIA rats were assessed using paw withdrawal latency and swelling, histological examination and cytokine detection by enzyme-linked immunoassay (ELISA). The cell–cell communication (CCC) network was analyzed with a multiplex immunoassay of 24 immune factors expressed in the inflamed joints, and the macrophage and Treg populations and associated cytokines regulated by MA were investigated using reverse-transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR), ELISA and flow cytometry.

Results:

MA markedly decreased heat hyperalgesia and paw swelling in AIA rats. MA-treated rats also exhibited decreased levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines (tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-1β) coupled with increased anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-10, transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1) in the ankle joints at protein and mRNA levels. CCC network analysis confirmed that macrophages are of critical importance and are potential therapeutic targets in RA. Repeated treatment with MA triggered a macrophage phenotypic switch in the paws, with fewer M1 macrophages. Prominent increases in the Treg cell population and TGF-β1 in the popliteal lymph nodes demonstrated the immunomodulatory effects of MA. Furthermore, a selective TGF-β1-receptor inhibitor, SB431542, attenuated the anti-inflammatory effects of MA and MA-induced suppression of the levels of M1-released cytokines.

Conclusion:

These findings provide novel evidence that the anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects of MA on RA act through phenotypic modulation involving the inhibition of M1 macrophage polarization and an increase in the Treg cell population, highlighting the potential therapeutic advantages of acupuncture in controlling pain and ameliorating inflammatory conditions.
Health professionals’ attitudes towards acupuncture/acupressure for post-operative nausea and vomiting: a survey and implications for implementation
Authors: Zheng Zhen , Stelmach Wanda S , Ma Jason , Briedis Juris , Hau Raphael , Tacey Mark , Atme Jeannette , Bourne Debra , Crabbe Julie , Fletcher Catherine , Howat Paul , Layton Jenny , Xue Charlie C
Published: May 2022

Purpose:

Level 1 evidence supports the use of acupuncture/acupressure (A/A) to manage post-operative nausea and vomiting (PONV). This study aimed to survey healthcare professionals’ attitudes towards A/A, influencing factors and barriers to implementing this effective non-drug intervention into peri-operative care.

Methods:

A validated, anonymous survey with 43 questions was emailed or distributed as a hard copy at meetings to anaesthetists, midwives, nurses, obstetricians, gynaecologists and surgeons at a public hospital in Australia. Descriptive data were presented. Influencing factors were explored using chi-square analysis. Multinomial logistical regression was used to identify the influences of confounding factors.

Results:

A total of 155 completed surveys were returned, reflecting a response rate of 32%. The majority of participants were female (69%), nurses/midwives (61%) and aged between 20 and 50 years old (76%). Eighty-three percent of respondents considered A/A ‘clearly alternative’ medicine or ‘neither mainstream nor alternative’. Eighty-one percent would encourage patients to use acupressure for PONV if it was offered at the hospital. Previous personal use of A/A was the key factor influencing attitudes and openness to clinical use. The key barriers to implementation were perceived lack of evidence and lack of qualified providers and time.

Conclusion:

Hospital-based healthcare professionals strongly supported the evidence-based use of A/A for PONV despite considering the therapy to be non-mainstream and having limited A/A education or history of personal use, providing a positive context for an acupressure implementation study. Significant gaps in training and a desire to learn were identified.
Clausewitz and the Personality Characteristics of the Battlefield Commander in British and German Military Doctrine, 1918–1941
Authors: Samuels Martin
Published: May 2022

Even after the First World War, the British and German armies remained strongly influenced by Clausewitz, for whom personality rather than mass was the best means to reduce friction. This article explores how this was reflected in their military doctrine between the two world wars. The German regulations showed a clear alignment with Clausewitz's thinking. The British tended to focus on the characteristics Clausewitz had argued were necessary for the troops, rather than for their commanders. The campaigns of 1939/40 caused the Germans to place even greater emphasis on boldness, while the British focused on steadiness and caution.
Discussing Maritime Defence Programmes During the Interwar Period: Argentine Navy Officers and the Lessons of the First World War (1919-1924)
Authors: Daniel Desiderato Agustín
Published: May 2022

This article focuses on the Argentine Navy’s situation during the years after the Great War. It explores some of the issues discussed within the institution and their connection to the national and international political context of the time. The technological backwardness and material obsolescence of the Navy was the focus of criticisms and claims made by some of its officers. The experience of the First World War was a prevailing element in these discussions and in designing projects to modernize the Argentine naval forces.
Selective inclusion: Civil society involvement in the smart city ecology of Amsterdam
Authors: Mello Rose Filipe , Thiel Joachim , Grabher Gernot
Published: May 2022

Although research on smart cities increasingly acknowledges the involvement of civil society actors, most studies fall short when it comes to clarifying the specific modalities of civil society involvement. By probing into the smart city ecology that has developed around the Amsterdam Smart City-Foundation, we explore not only the extent to which the civil society is part of a smart city ecology but also what role civil society actors hold within this ecology. This article draws on data gathered and analyzed through quantitative and qualitative methods. The qualitative analysis focuses on analyzing the institutional dynamics that shape civil society involvement in Amsterdam’s smart city ecology. The quantitative data are used to unravel the relational dynamics by quantifying collaborative patterns between different types of organizations in Amsterdam’s smart city ecology. Our findings reveal that powerful institutional dynamics, manifested through normative pressures, favor the involvement of socially oriented civil society actors. At the same time, however, relational dynamics that shape the collaborative patterns in the projects of the ecology rather exclude the socially oriented civil society at the benefit of an economically oriented civil society. In other words, while the entire ecology rhetorically adheres to an ethos of pervasive civil society involvement, politically, socially, and civically oriented civil society actors lack inter-organizational collaboration—even in the supposedly inclusive context of Amsterdam.
Valuing Women’s Labour: Some Notes on the ‘Compensated’ Model of Surrogacy
Authors: Chandran Aishwarya
Published: May 2022

Commercial surrogacy is India is currently practised amid an ambiguous, uncertain legal landscape. The article is set predominantly against the backdrop of surrogacy in India following the Surrogacy (Regulation) Bill of 2016, currently passed by the Lower House as the Surrogacy (Regulation) Bill of 2019, which calls for banning commercial surrogacy while only permitting altruistic surrogacy by a ‘close relative’. The state argues that commercial surrogacy must only be altruistic in nature, to protect women against trafficking or exploitation. The logic of altruism, or surrogacy without payment, is perceived as the solution to unchecked exploitation and to deter impoverished women from turning to commercial surrogacy as a means of livelihood. A 2016 Parliamentary Standing Committee (PSC) proposed a ‘compensated’ model of surrogacy where the surrogate mother’s medical expenses and loss of wages are covered. The article attempts to look critically at these framings of commercial, altruistic and compensated relations by analysing the connections between individual choice, the role of the family and the relationship between the private and the public. The article will draw from government reports published in the wake of the 2016 Surrogacy Bill, specifically the report passed by the PSC on Health and Family Welfare which submitted the 102nd report in August 2017, and the report submitted by the Select Committee of the Rajya Sabha (RSC) in 2019 to offer a critique of altruism and ‘compensation’ by looking at the ways in which the family, the market and the state interact. The article will also draw from ethnographic findings to look at the ways in which surrogate mothers position their own labour—at the intersections of familial and financial obligations—to articulate their roles within the processes of commercial surrogacy.
Ischemic Volkmann Contracture From Intrauterine Compartment Syndrome
Authors: Vandenheuvel Julia , Teixeira Robert , Song Ethan , Kozin Scott , Davis Wellington , Rice Scott
Published: May 2022

Neonatal compartment syndrome also known as congenital Volkmann ischemic contracture is a rare condition with limited cases described in literature. This condition presents with progressive limb ischemia and tissue necrosis at birth or immediately thereafter. It often involves the upper extremity with cutaneous lesions that can be mistaken for other entities. Failure to recognize the sentinel lesion with underlying deeper pathology (compartment syndrome) can result in delayed treatment and long-term functional impairment. We report a newborn at birth with unilateral, well-demarcated areas of ulceration on the forearm and antecubital fossa with functional impairment including wrist drop and absence of finger flexion.
Non-IFRS and changes in accounting institutions – Lessons from Nokia
Authors: Rautiainen Antti , Järvenpää Marko , Mättö Toni
Published: May 2022

We analyse the lessons learned from Nokia to illustrate the changing focus in accounting and organisational practices that affect the perceptions of relevant accounting work and the key measures of success. In the course of an analysis covering 25 years, the introduction of management accounting innovations was first emphasised regarding managerial relevance but were later replaced by financial accounting emphasis and innovations (e.g. non-IFRS reporting). Our data includes public reports, newspaper articles and 21 interviews made between 1996 and 2019. We present a framework for analysing shifts in the focus of accounting. Our case analysis on changing accounting practices, on shifting perceptions of relevance and reliability, and on primary measures of success, contributes to understanding the focus of key accounting measures in historical developments regarding perceived success or failure, and in changing institutional practices in terms of ‘institutional work’, especially through valourizing either the actions or valourizing reports.
The definition of ‘violent conduct’ for Drug Court program access
Authors: Clarke Amanda
Published: May 2022

Neither ‘violent conduct’ nor ‘charged’ are defined in the founding New South Wales (NSW) drug court legislation in relation to the definition of an ‘offence involving violent conduct’ as defined in s 5(2)(b) of the Drug Court Act 1998. Accordingly, the court has relied upon the case law interpretation which has triggered much debate in NSW. The fundamental point of debate is whether the concept relates to the ‘elements’ of the offence or the alleged physical ‘conduct’ of the referral to the Drug Court program. This article aims to identify and outline the lack of clarity that has arisen from this legislation. It is argued that the eligibility exclusion outlined in s 5(2)(b) should be reviewed for possible statutory amendment to target the most appropriate offenders and maintain the success of the Drug Court.
Gender Diversity, Role Congruity and the Success of VC Investments
Authors: Butticè Vincenzo , Croce Annalisa , Ughetto Elisa
Published: May 2022

Building upon the gender role congruity theory, in this paper, we propose that the association between gender diversity and venture performance changes when roles played by individuals are not coherent with the gender-derived expectations of their ascribed social group. We test our theory in the context of early stage financing, investigating how gender diversity between entrepreneurs and VC managers influences the investment performance of VC-backed firms. Our sample consists of 5800 VC managers, who invested in 5075 different ventures in the period 2000–2019 and of 16,713 venture founders. We find that gender diversity is associated with better performance only when a female entrepreneur is matched to a male VC manager. Our analysis sheds light on the presence of several factors that moderate the observed association, related to the VC’s ability to provide value-added services to the invested ventures.
How Crowdfunders Are Influenced by Entrepreneurial Passion: A Dual Information-Processing Perspective
Authors: Franzoni Chiara , Tenca Francesca
Published: May 2022

We incorporate entrepreneurial passion into a dual theory of information-processing, theorizing that passion can be used as information in analytical thinking, and as a heuristic in intuitive thinking. We find that passion is generally associated with an increase in crowdfunding success rates (+1%). Its effect becomes more powerful (+16% increase in success) when exhibited in conditions of coherence/fluency, that is, with high levels of preparedness, while it disappears in conditions of incoherence/disfluency and when the judgment is important. This conceptual framework reconciles contradictory findings of previous studies, suggesting that affective cues have the power to influence decisions in contexts characterized by large numbers of non-professional investors.
United Kingdom’s Income Support Program for People With Disabilities: Redesign, Reform, and Policy Lessons for the United States
Authors: Inanc Hande , Mann David R.
Published: May 2022

We reviewed the operational aspects of Employment and Support Allowance (ESA)—the income support program for people with disabilities in the United Kingdom—and its potential policy lessons for the United States’ Social Security Disability Insurance (SSDI) program. ESA has a five-step eligibility determination process, and eligible beneficiaries receive either an unconditional cash benefit or payments conditional on participating in return-to-work activities. The United Kingdom has reformed ESA to better meet policy objectives. Both ESA and SSDI collect medical documentation, but ESA also requires face-to-face eligibility assessments for almost all claimants. ESA eligibility is based on functional limitations exclusively, whereas SSDI assesses the ability to perform substantial work. With its focus on helping some beneficiaries return to work, ESA differs from SSDI, which requires no return-to-work efforts to receive benefits. ESA might offer policy lessons for SSDI with regard to pilot testing, program reform, and accurate decision making.
Influence of pre-structure orientation on the linear viscoelastic limit of magnetorheological elastomers
Authors: Sulatchaneenopdon Narongdet , Son Hyoung-Won , Khantachawana Anak , Garcia-Barruetabena Jon , Elejabarrieta Maria Jesus , Takahashi Tsutomu , Nakayama Tadachika , Niihara Koichi
Published: May 2022

Magnetorheological elastomers (MREs) have been developed as a new class of smart materials for such diverse applications as adaptive vibration control of systems and energy dissipation. The linear viscoelastic (LVE) behavior of MREs is expected to play a significant role in determining filler morphology (structure, size, and aspect ratio) and working conditions. The LVE behavior of pre-structures, especially anisotropic structures, has not been clearly explained. To this end, this study aimed to analyze the LVE behavior and dynamic properties according to different pre-structures of magnetic particles. This is based on MRE pre-structures oriented at 0°, 30°, 45°, and 90° using oscillatory shear excitation as a function of frequency and amplitude sweep tests. For the latter, the excitation frequency and magnetic field intensity were analyzed. These analyses were performed for both storage modulus and loss factor corresponding to 10% strain amplitude from the roughly level linear line of the LVE region. The results showed that increasing the frequency or magnetic field intensity to increase anisotropy reduced the LVE limit. For every oriented pre-structure and analyzed frequency tested, the magnetic field decreased the LVE limit. Thus, the orientation of the carbonyl iron particles in the matrix enhanced the viscoelastic properties.
Advance Care Planning and Attainment of Cancer Patients’ End-of-Life Preferences: Relatives’ Perspective
Authors: Bar-Sela Gil , Tur-Sinai Aviad , Givon-Schaham Noa , Bentur Netta
Published: May 2022

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to determine which element of advance care planning (ACP) - an advance directives (AD) document or an end-of-life discussion between patient and family (DwF), if any—improves the likelihood of cancer patients’ attaining their preferences regarding treatments in the last month of life and dying in the place they prefer.

Methods

First-degree relatives of deceased cancer patients, interviewed by telephone, were asked if the treatments the patients received in their last month of life and their place of death corresponded to the patients’ preferences. Nominal logistic regression analyses were conducted in search of significant association between having an AD document and/or conducting a DwF and patients’ treatment and place of death in accordance with their preferences.

Results

491 deceased patients were included in the study. Their average age was 68; 52% were women. According to 32% of the relatives, the patients’ treatment in the last month of life was aligned with their preferences and 55% said the patients had died in their preferred place. Only 16.5% had an AD document, 58.5% only discussed their treatment preferences with relatives, and 25% did neither. DwF and ability to speak until last week of life were significantly related to receiving treatment consistent with patients’ preferences. Dying where the patient prefers is significantly associated with having an AD and a DwF, with an AD yielding higher odds.

Conclusion

A multifaceted interconnection exists between the two elements of ACP in attaining cancer patients’ wishes and abetting better end of life care.