bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Detecting bird movements with L‐band avian radar and S‐band dual‐polarization Doppler weather radar
Authors: Gauthreaux Sidney A. , Shapiro Ann‐Marie , Mayer Dave , Clark Barry L. , Herricks Edwin E.
Published: December 2018

Marine surveillance radars with X‐band (3‐cm) and S‐band (10‐cm) wavelengths not only detect birds but also record return from insects, rain, ground objects and rough seas that often make discrimination of echoes from birds difficult. We compare the density of bird tracks recorded by an L‐band (ca. 23‐cm wavelength) avian radar at the Dallas/Fort Worth International Airport that does not detect insects and rain with the amount of mean bird reflectivity in resolution cells of a dual‐polarization S‐band Doppler weather surveillance radar. Radar data files of 1.5° scans gathered near midnight from January through May for the years 2014, 2015 and 2016 were processed by filtering radar resolution cells to retain only those with backscatter differential phase values characteristic of birds flying more or less perpendicular to the radar beam. In general, increases and decreases in the density of bird movements were correlated significantly between the two radars, but the lowR2values confirm that results obtained from one radar cannot be used to make quantitative estimates for the other. A decrease in the mean biomass index of migrating birds from January through May, and the difference in coverage volume and resolution between the two radars likely account for the lowR2values. Each type of radar has advantages and provides important information on bird movements at different spatial scales.
SingaCycleTM‐A1‐Catalyzed Successive Suzuki‐Miyaura and Buchwald Couplings for the Synthesis of Various New Pyridine Analogues
Authors: Anusha Gokanapalli , Reddy Motakatla Venkata Krishna , Govardhana Reddy Peddiahgari Vasu
Published: December 2018

A new diversified, rapid and easily accessible, N‐heterocyclic carbene based palladacycle, SingaCycleTM‐A1 exploited for the cross coupling reactions on heterocyclic amines. This Pd‐NHC catalyst is considered to be merely stable and takes part in dynamic conversion of various organic functionalities. Herein, we report its first time use in the synthesis of C‐ and N‐ diaryl/ heteroaryl pyridine analogues from the less active parent 5‐bromopyridine‐2‐amine via sequential Suzuki‐Miyaura and Buchwald couplings. Surprisingly, both the coupling reactions proceed very smoothly and efficiently under mild reaction conditions in green solvent system (ethanol:water) at a faster rate. Moreover 1 mol% of the catalyst is sufficient to proceed the reactions and obtain comparatively better results.
Immobilization of Palladium on Modified Nanoparticles and Its Catalytic Properties on Mizoroki‐Heck Reaction
Authors: Asadbegi Sajad , Bodaghifard Mohammad Ali , Alimohammadi Elham , Ahangarani‐Farahani Rezvan
Published: December 2018

Palladium is immobilized on modified magnetic nanoparticles via coordination with organic tags, characterized and is used as a highly effective and versatile catalyst for Mizoroki‐Heck reaction. The structure of this novel hybrid catalyst is confirmed by Fourier transform infrared, energy‐dispersive (EDS), X‐ray diffraction, transmission and scanning electron microscopy, ICP/OES, vibrating sample magnetometry and thermogravimetric analysis techniques. A wide range of substrates was coupled successfully under aerobic condition and good yields. Furthermore, this catalyst can be easily recovered by using a magnetic field and directly reused for at least six cycles without significant loss of its activity.
Synthetic Methodologies for Chelating Polymer Ligands: Recent Advances and Future Development
Authors: Dzhardimalieva Gulzhian I. , Uflyand Igor E.
Published: December 2018

This review summarizes recent progress in synthetic methodologies of chelating polymer ligands such as linear, branched, cross‐linked, grafted polymers, polymer films, liquid crystal polymers, dendrimers, star‐shaped and hyperbranched polymers. The features of methods for producing chelating polymer ligands are considered in detail: free‐radical (co)polymerization, living/controlled radical, metathesis, grafted, chemical oxidized, microwave‐assisted and asymmetric polymerization, electropolymerization, cyclopolymerization, polycondensation, post‐polymerization modification, click chemistry methods and “green” synthesis. The main directions of the development of synthetic chemistry of chelating polymeric ligands are analyzed. The bibliography includes works published in the last five years.
Influence of Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Alkyl Esters on Biodiesel Fuel Properties: Optimization and Assessment
Authors: Singh Sunita , Sadhu Tithli , Dutta Susmita , Chakrabarty Jitamanyu
Published: December 2018

This work focuses on better understanding of how or in what way the individual polyunsaturated fatty acid alkyl esters contained in biodiesel are affecting the fuel properties. Effect of two such important polyunsaturated fatty acid alkyl esters (methyl linoleate and methyl linolenate) are analysed by optimizing their concentration using Response Surface Methodology. Alterations in the concentration of these fatty acid esters have produced evident changes in biodiesel fuel properties. Statistical analysis with R2 values of 0.8914 and 0.9845 imply that the model is substantial and fatty acid esters have vital impact on fuel density. Results suggest that methyl linolenate has significant effect on specific gravity of biodiesel proposing that methyl linolenate regulates the density of the fuel. Hence, enriching the biodiesel source with defined concentration of methyl linolenate might govern some critical parameters like engine output power and cetane number of fuel. Furthermore, biodiesel blends of five different oils have been compared to examine the scope of modifications needed to achieve higher percentage of biodiesel in the practically used blends.
Disposed Dry Cells as Sustainable Source for Generation of Few Layers of Graphene and Manganese Oxide for Solid‐State Symmetric and Asymmetric Supercapacitor Applications
Authors: Das Himadri Tanaya , Saravanya Selvaraj , Elumalai Perumal
Published: December 2018

Recycling electronic wastes (e‐wastes) is one of the steps to build greener and cleaner environment. In this work, re‐using of disposed dry cell (zinc‐carbon battery) components to generate graphene and manganese oxide for energy storage application has been demonstrated. The obtained materials have been characterized by X‐ray diffraction, Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy and scanning electron microscope. The electrochemical performances of the generated graphene and the MnO2 have been examined in 1M H2SO4. The symmetric (MnO2|PVA:H2SO4|MnO2) and asymmetric (Graphene|PVA:H2SO4|MnO2) supercapacitors were fabricated and their performances were evaluated. The fabricated proto‐type asymmetric device delivered energy density as high as 68 W h kg‐1 at power density of 8010 W kg‐1 with a wide operating potential up to 1.6 V. The device had a long life of 5000 cycles with high Coulombic efficiency as high as 90 %. The observed such an excellent electrochemical performances are attributed to the large surface area and high conductivity of the graphene nanonetwork and nanoporous MnO2 extracted from the disposed dry cell. The two asymmetric proto‐type devices connected in series could light an LED for about 10 min in one charge.
Nanoplumbing with 2D Metamaterials
Authors: Dangi Saroj , Riehn Robert
Published: December 2018

Complex manipulations of DNA in a nanofluidic device require channels with branches and junctions. However, the dynamic response of DNA in such nanofluidic networks is relatively unexplored. Here, the transport of DNA in a 2D metamaterial made by arrays of nanochannel junctions is investigated. The mechanism of transport is explained as Brownian motion through an energy landscape formed by the combination of the confinement free energy of DNA and the effective potential of hydrodynamic flow, which both can be tuned independently within the device. For the quantitative understanding of DNA transport, a dynamic mean‐field model of DNA at a nanochannel junction is proposed. It is shown that the dynamics of DNA in a nanofluidic device with branched channels and junctions is well described by the model.
Site‐Selective and van der Waals Epitaxial Growth of Rhenium Disulfide on Graphene
Authors: Seo Jihyung , Lee Junghyun , Jeong Gyujeong , Park Hyesung
Published: December 2018

The surface property of growth substrate imposes significant influence in the growth behaviors of 2D materials. Rhenium disulfide (ReS2) is a new family of 2D transition metal dichalcogenides with unique distorted 1T crystal structure and thickness‐independent direct bandgap. The role of growth substrate is more critical for ReS2 owing to its weak interlayer coupling property, which leads to preferred growth along the out‐of‐plane direction while suppressing the uniform in‐plane growth. Herein, graphene is introduced as the growth substrate for ReS2 and the synthesis of graphene/ReS2 vertical heterostructure is demonstrated via chemical vapor deposition. Compared with the rough surface of SiO2/Si substrate with dangling bonds which hinders the uniform growth of ReS2, the inert and smooth surface nature of graphene sheet provides a lower energy barrier for migration of the adatoms, thereby promoting the growth of ReS2 on the graphene surface along the in‐plane direction. Furthermore, patterning of the graphene/ReS2 heterostructure is achieved by the selective growth of ReS2, which is attributed to the strong binding energy between sulfur atoms and graphene surface. The fundamental studies in the role of graphene as the growth template in the formation of van der Waals heterostructures provide better insights into the synthesis of 2D heterostructures.
Realization of distributed system models using code generation extensions
Authors: Hasanagić Miran , Tran‐Jørgensen Peter W. V. , Nilsson René S. , Larsen Peter Gorm
Published: December 2018

Development of distributed software systems is complex due to the distribution of resources, which complicates validation of system‐wide functionality. Such systems include various facets like functionality and distribution, each of which must be validated and integrated in the final software solution. Model‐based techniques advocate various abstraction approaches to cope with such challenges. To enhance model‐based development, this paper proposes (1) guidelines for development of distributed systems, where the different facets are introduced gradually through systematic modeling extensions, (2) code generation capabilities supporting technology specific realizations, and (3) demonstration of the applicability of our approach using an industrial case study involving the development of a harvest planning system, where the communication infrastructure paradigm changed late in the project. When developing this system, we spent most time validating system‐wide functionality. The model extensions allowed an easier change of the underlying communication paradigm and code generation supported realization of the different system representations.
Isolation of two major sesquiterpenes from the leaf essential oil of Eugenia uniflora by preparative‐scale high‐speed countercurrent chromatography
Authors: Marques André M. , de Aquino Victor Hugo C. , Correia Virginia G. , Siani Antonio Carlos , Tappin Marcelo Raul R. , Kaplan Maria Auxiliadora C. , Figueiredo Maria Raquel
Published: December 2018

The high‐speed countercurrent chromatography technique was employed to isolate two major compounds from the leaf essential oil of Eugenia uniflora L. (Myrtaceae). The volatile extract of Eugenia uniflora obtained by hydrodistillation was analyzed by gas chromatography coupled with flame ionization detection and gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry and shown to be almost exclusively constituted by sesquiterpenes, in which (+/‐)‐selina‐1,3,7(11)‐trien‐8‐one (A) and (+/‐)‐selina‐1,3,7(11)‐trien‐8‐one epoxide (B) were largely predominant. These two major compounds were separated by submitting the crude essential oil to countercurrent chromatography using hexane/acetonitrile 1:1 v/v as the solvent system, running in both the tail‐to‐head (mode I) and head‐to‐tail (mode II) modes. Upon running in mode I, a single application of the crude oil (800 mg) in the separation equipment coil afforded 78.2 mg of B (> 97.5% purity). Running in mode II produced 24.7 mg of A (92.5% purity) and 46.3 mg (93.1% purity) of B. The purity of each compound was determined by GC. For the first time, this technique was shown to be efficient to separate sesquiterpenes that are structurally very similar, affording high‐purity products in a short time with significant solvent savings.
Numerical study of the static and dynamic characteristics of reinforced concrete cassette structures for high‐rise buildings
Authors: Chen Zhi‐Peng , Wu Gang , Feng De‐Cheng , Ma Ke‐Jian
Published: December 2018

High‐rise buildings are extensively built in China, and the structure of these buildings is composed of different types of conventional system of which framed structures are more commonly employed. A new cassette structure with advantageous performance properties is proposed. Static and dynamic numerical simulations were applied to investigate the characteristics of this new structure. First, the components and other details are presented. A comparative analysis was conducted between the cassette structure and traditional structures using eight finite models with fiber elements in three different heights. A static pushover analysis and an incremental dynamic analysis were conducted based on 18 near‐ground motion records recommended by the Federal Emergency Management Agency. The seismic characteristics, deformation curve, interstory drift, roof displacement, and fragility curve are investigated. Based on the analysis of the models with three different heights and the variety of seismic records, the economic advantage and application of cassette structures for building industrialization are also discussed.
Combined Plaque Incision, Buccal Mucosa Grafting, and Additional Tunica Albuginea Plication for Peyronie’s Disease
Authors: Cormio Luigi , Mancini Vito , Massenio Paolo , d’Altilia Nicola , Selvaggio Oscar , Di Fino Giuseppe , Selvaggi Gennaro , Carrieri Giuseppe
Published: December 2018

Introduction

Surgery remains the gold standard for treatment in stable patients with penile deformity associated to Peyronie’s disease (PD).

Aim

To evaluate the long-term results of plaque incision and buccal mucosa grafting (BMG), with or without additional tunica albuginea plication (TAP), in the correction of severe penile curvatures secondary to PD.

Methods

72 patients with severe curvature caused by PD, normal erections, and stable disease entered this prospective study. Preoperatively, they underwent penile duplex ultrasounds with measurement of curvature and length of affected side. All procedures were carried out by 1 surgeon. Patients were seen at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months postoperatively, then yearly. Subjective outcome was assessed by the Sexual Encounter Profile (SEP) questionnaire, and objective outcome was assessed by an intracavernous injection (ICI) test performed within the first year for evaluating penile rigidity, straightness, and length.

Main Outcome Measure

Long-term outcomes include penile straightening, penile shortening, and sexual satisfaction.

Results

Mean curvature was 71.32 ± 17.6° (range 40–110); 33 (45.8%) patients had a 2-sided curvature with a mean second curvature of 33.79 ± 12.2° (range 10–60). Additional TAP was needed in 60% of patients for complete straightening or graft stretching. All patients resumed unassisted intercourse 1 month after surgery; 4 (5.5%) refused follow-up, claiming excessive penile shortening. In the remaining 68, the ICI test showed no recurvature, shortening, or de novo erectile dysfunction. At mean follow-up of 62.01 ± 34.3 months (range 12–135), all were able to obtain an erection (SEP-1), 97.1% to penetrate (SEP-2), and 89.7% to successfully complete intercourse (SEP-3); 80.9% of them were satisfied with erection hardness (SEP-4) and 86.8% were overall satisfied (SEP-5), with the main reason for dissatisfaction being expectation of better length and rigidity.

Conclusion

BMG, with or without TAP, provides excellent long-term results and is safe and reproducible, representing a valuable treatment option for PD, but great care should be taken in patient counseling to avoid unrealistic expectations.
Rehabilitation‐induced brain changes detected through magnetic resonance imaging in children with neurodevelopmental disorders: A systematic review
Authors: Izadi‐Najafabadi Sara , Rinat Shie , Zwicker Jill G.
Published: December 2018

Aim

The aim of this study was to systematically review evidence about rehabilitation‐induced neuroplasticity measured by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in children with neurodevelopmental disorders.

Method

The following databases were searched: MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, and PsycINFO. Two independent reviewers screened articles according to inclusion criteria: (1) peer‐review study published in a scientific journal; (2) studies that evaluated a rehabilitation‐based intervention; (3) participants aged less than 19 years with a neurodevelopmental disorder; and (4) studies that used at least one MRI modality as an outcome measure. Twenty‐seven studies met the criteria for the review and their quality was assessed by two independent reviewers using the Effective Public Health Practice Project Quality Assessment Tool.

Results

Based on an assessment of bias and overall quality, 11% of the papers were rated as strong; 30% moderate; and 59% weak. Outcomes were categorized into structural connectivity, functional connectivity, cortical activation, and structural volume. Cortical activation and structural connectivity were the most commonly reported measures. Most studies were able to identify brain changes in children with neurodevelopmental disorders after therapy.

Interpretations

Rehabilitation is shown to induce MRI‐detectable neuroplastic changes in children with neurodevelopmental disorders. Structural connectivity might need greater intensity and/or duration of intervention to induce change.
Erasure, discovery and emergence
Authors: Hanley Janis
Published: December 2018

A serene little walking track graces the hillside along Mons Road between Buderim and the Bruce Highway. It marks a significant piece of state heritage: the Buderim–Palmwoods Tramway. Behind it lies a story of community driving discovery, emergence, conservation and use. This article tells of the emergence of the walking track using Deleuze and Guattari’s assemblage concept to explore the ‘becoming’ of the walking track. Assemblages provide an understanding of heritage as a process rather than a fixed entity, examining the re-territorialisation of the tramway track and the ways in which its boundaries are constantly challenged by human and non-human elements. The continuums of territorialisation/deterritorialisation and materiality/expression offer insights into heritage management. Analysis of the tramway as a heritage assemblage reveals the ongoing process of caring for heritage: it shows the strengths of clear boundaries, and permeable ones, and the importance of both material and expressive roles of the components comprising a heritage place. An assemblage view moves conservation beyond the fabric, the architectural and aesthetic to the interplay of the atmospheric, the emotional and the expressive, recognising the action and agency of heritage components and their ability to affect and be affected.
My history, your history, our history
Authors: Stroja Jessica
Published: December 2018

Varying models of community engagement provide methods for museums to build valuable relationships with communities. These relationships hold the potential to become ongoing, dynamic opportunities for active community participation and engagement with museums. Nevertheless, the nuances of this engagement continue to remain a unique process that requires delicate balancing of museum obligations and community needs in order to ensure meaningful outcomes are achieved. This article discusses how community engagement can be an active, participatory process for visitors to museums. Research projects that utilise aspects of community-driven engagement models allow museums to encourage a sense of ownership and active participation with the museum. Indeed museums can balance obligations of education and representation of the past with long-term, meaningful community needs via projects that utilise aspects of community-driven engagement models. Using an oral history project at Historic Ormiston House as a case study, the article argues that museums and historic sites can encourage ongoing engagement through active community participation in museum projects. While this approach carries both challenges and opportunities for the museum, it opens doors to meaningful and long-term community engagement, allowing visitors to embrace the museum and its stories as active participants rather than as passive consumers.
Exhibition: 'Magnificent Makers', State Library of Queensland, 9 December 2017 to 3 June 2018
Authors: Hanley Janis
Published: December 2018

Exhibition: Magnificent Makers, State Library of Queensland, 9 December 2017 to 3 June 2018
Maurice French, 'The Boy Who Would Be Premier: A Political Biography of Jack Duggan (Vol. 1)', Toowoomba: Tabletop Publishing, 2017, 226 pp., ISBN 9 7809 8743 2216, not for public sale
Authors: Scott Roger
Published: December 2018

Maurice French, The Boy Who Would Be Premier: A Political Biography of Jack Duggan (Vol. 1), Toowoomba: Tabletop Publishing, 2017, 226 pp., ISBN 9 7809 8743 2216, not for public sale
Shastra Deo, 'The Agonist', Brisbane: University of Queensland Press, 2017, ISBN 9 7807 0225 9746, 87 pp., A$24.95
Authors: Gibson Suzie
Published: December 2018

Shastra Deo, The Agonist, Brisbane: University of Queensland Press, 2017, ISBN 9 7807 0225 9746, 87 pp., A$24.95
Theopolitics Contra Political Theology: Martin Buber’s Biblical Critique of Carl Schmitt
Authors: LESCH CHARLES H. T.
Published: December 2018

This article recovers Martin Buber’s important but neglected critique of Carl Schmitt’s political theology. Because Buber is known primarily as an ethicist and scholar of Judaism, his attack on Schmitt has been largely overlooked. Yet as I reveal through a close reading of his Biblical commentaries, a concern about the dangers of political theology threads through decades of his work. Divine sovereignty, Buber argues, is absolute and inimitable; no human ruler can claim the legitimate power reserved to God. Buber’s response is to uncover what he sees as Judaism’s earliest political theory: a “theopolitics,” where human beings, mutually subject to divine kingship, practice non-domination. But Buber, I show, did not seek to directly revive this religious vision. Instead, he sought to incorporate the spirit of theopolitics, as embodied by Israel’s prophets, into modern society. The result is a new and significant perspective on liberal democracy and political theology.
Environmental and individual predictors of 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations in Denmark measured from neonatal dried blood spots: the D-tect study
Authors: Keller Amélie , Frederiksen Peder , Händel Mina N. , Jacobsen Ramune , McGrath John J. , Cohen Arieh S. , Heitmann Berit L.
Published: December 2018

Environmental factors such as sunshine hours, temperature and UV radiation (UVR) are known to influence seasonal fluctuations in vitamin D concentrations. However, currently there is poor understanding regarding the environmental factors or individual characteristics that best predict neonatal 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) concentrations. The aims of this study were to (1) identify environmental and individual determinants of 25(OH)D concentrations in newborns and (2) investigate whether environmental factors and individual characteristics could be used as proxy measures for neonatal 25(OH)D concentrations. 25-Hydroxyvitamin D3 (25(OH)D3) was measured from neonatal dried blood spots (DBS) of 1182 individuals born between 1993 and 2002. Monthly aggregated data on daily number of sunshine hours, temperature and UVR, available from 1993, were retrieved from the Danish Meteorological Institute. The individual predictors were obtained from the Danish National Birth register, and Statistics Denmark. The optimal model to predict 25(OH)D3 concentrations from neonatal DBS was the one including the following variables: UVR, temperature, maternal education, maternal smoking during pregnancy, gestational age at birth and parity. This model explained 30 % of the variation of 25(OH)D3 in the neonatal DBS. Ambient UVR in the month before the birth month was the best single-item predictor of neonatal 25(OH)D3, accounting for 24 % of its variance. Although this prediction model cannot substitute for actual blood measurements, it might prove useful in cohort studies ranking individuals in groups according to 25(OH)D3 status.
Nutrition therapy for the management of cancer-related fatigue and quality of life: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Baguley Brenton J. , Skinner Tina L. , Wright Olivia R. L.
Published: December 2018

Cancer-related fatigue (CRF) is one of the most commonly reported disease- and treatment-related side effects that impede quality of life. This systematic review and meta-analysis describes the effects of nutrition therapy on CRF and quality of life in people with cancer and cancer survivors. Studies were identified from four electronic databases until September 2017. Eligibility criteria included randomised trials in cancer patients and survivors; any structured dietary intervention describing quantities, proportions, varieties and frequencies of food groups or energy and macronutrient consumption targets; and measures of CRF and quality of life. Standardised mean differences (SMD) were pooled using random-effects models. The American Dietetic Association’s Evidence Analysis Library Quality Checklist for Primary Research was used to evaluate the methodological quality and risk of bias. A total of sixteen papers, of fifteen interventions, were included, comprising 1290 participants. Nutrition therapy offered no definitive effect on CRF (SMD 0·18 (95 % CI –0·02, 0·39)) or quality of life (SMD 0·07 (95 % CI –0·10, 0·24)). Preliminary evidence indicates plant-based dietary pattern nutrition therapy may benefit CRF (SMD 0·62 (95 % CI 0·10, 1·15)). Interventions using the patient-generated subjective global assessment tool and prescribing hypermetabolic energy and protein requirements may improve quality of life. However, the heterogeneity seen in study design, nutrition therapies, quality-of-life measures and cancer types impede definitive dietary recommendations to improve quality of life for cancer patients. There is insufficient evidence to determine the optimal nutrition care plan to improve CRF and/or quality of life in cancer patients and survivors.
Dietary n-3 PUFA content as a modulator of the femur properties in growing pigs
Authors: Sobol Monika , Skiba Grzegorz , Raj Stanisława
Published: December 2018

The relationships between both dietary and empty body fatty acid composition and the morphometry, densitometry, geometry and biomechanical properties of the femur of growing pigs were analysed. A total of thirty-two pigs aged 115 d were divided into four groups (n 8 per group). The pigs were fed either a control diet (group C) or a diet supplemented with linseed oil (rich in α-linolenic acid (C18 : 3n-3), group L), fish oil (rich in EPA (C20 : 5n-3) and DHA (C22 : 6n-3), group F) and beef tallow (rich in SFA, group T). The diets differed in n-3 PUFA contents (0·63–18·52 g/kg) and n-6:n-3 PUFA ratios (0·91–14·51). At 165 d of age, the pigs were slaughtered and the fatty acids in the empty body were determined. Moreover, the left femur was dissected. The cortical wall thickness, cross-sectional area, cortical index, bone mineral content, bone mineral density, maximum elastic strength and maximum strength were lower (P<0·05) in the femurs of pigs from groups C and T than in those from groups F and L. Significant positive correlations were found between the densitometry, geometry and biomechanical properties of the femur and both dietary and empty body n-3 PUFA content, whereas significant negative correlations were observed between the same properties and both dietary and empty body n-6:n-3 PUFA ratio. The results of the present study suggest that in growing pigs α-linolenic acid has a similar positive effect on bone health to that of EPA and DHA.
Diet and risk of breast, endometrial and ovarian cancer: UK Women’s Cohort Study
Authors: Dunneram Yashvee , Greenwood Darren C. , Cade Janet E.
Published: December 2018

This study aimed to investigate the association between diet and the risk of breast, endometrial and ovarian cancer in the UK Women’s Cohort Study. A total of 35 372 women aged 35–69 years were enrolled between 1995 and 1998 and completed a validated 217-item FFQ. The individual foods were collapsed into sixty-four main food groups and compared using Cox proportional models, adjusting for potential confounders. Hazard ratio (HR) estimates are presented per portion increase in food items. After approximately 18 years of follow-up, there were 1822, 294 and 285 cases of breast, endometrial and ovarian cancer, respectively. A high consumption of processed meat and total meat was associated with an increased risk of breast and endometrial cancer. High intake of tomatoes (HR 0·87, 99 % CI 0·75, 1·00) and dried fruits (HR 0·60, 99 % CI 0·37, 0·97) was associated with a reduced risk of breast and endometrial cancer, respectively. Mushroom intake was associated with a higher risk of ovarian cancer (HR 1·57, 99 % CI 1·09, 2·26). Subgroup analysis by pre- or postmenopausal cancer further demonstrated an association between processed meat intake and both postmenopausal breast cancer and endometrial cancer. Intake of dried fruits was associated with a reduced risk of postmenopausal endometrial cancer (HR 0·55, 99 % CI 0·31, 0·98). Our findings suggest that while some foods may trigger the risk of these cancers, some foods may also be protective; supporting the call for further randomised controlled trials of dietary interventions to reduce the risk of cancer among pre- and postmenopausal women.
Effects of an intensified human–animal interaction on tail biting in pigs during the rearing period
Authors: Büttner Kathrin , Czycholl Irena , Basler Heidi , Krieter Joachim
Published: December 2018

Tail biting in pigs is a serious welfare problem with multifactorial causes. Several risk factors are described in the literature ranging from environmental factors including stocking densities, deficiencies in feed quality or accessibility, to internal factors such as poor health status, genetics or sex. Also, the human–animal relationship can have an effect on behaviour and performance of the animals. Thus, the aim of the current study was to evaluate whether intensified human–animal interaction in the rearing period can reduce the occurrence of tail biting in weaned piglets. For this, two treatment groups were established. The trial group differed only in intensified human–animal interaction (e.g. calm speech, petting, food provision) from the control group, which was carried out three times a week by one person for 15 min in each pen. Once a week the animals’ tails were scored regarding tail lesions and losses and a human approach test was performed. The intensified human–animal interaction influenced the animals’ behaviour towards the human as well as towards their pen mates. The trial group showed significantly better results compared with the control group, i.e. fewer tail lesions and more animals with intact tails. Also, the results of the human approach test in the trial group showed a lower latency to approach compared with the control group. Thus, integration of an intensified human–animal interaction into the daily practice of pig farms could be one possibility for enhancing the human–animal relationship and reducing occurrence of tail biting.
Distribution and abundance of post-larvae and juvenile pink shrimpFarfantepenaeus paulensis(Pérez Farfante, 1967) in a subtropical estuary
Authors: Ruas Vinicius Mendes , Rufener Marie-Christine , D'Incao Fernando
Published: December 2018

The spatial and temporal variability in the relative abundance of the post-larvae (PL) and juvenile (JU) stages of the pink shrimpFarfantepenaeus paulensiswas investigated in the estuary of Lagoa dos Patos, southern Brazil. This analysis enabled the identification of differential distribution patterns. Pink shrimp abundance was studied to understand what factors influence the occupation of the estuary. Monthly samples were taken with a trawl net at 12 sites in the estuary from September 2010 to January 2013. Comparisons were made between protected and unprotected sites. Both PL and JU had a wide distribution in the estuary. The temperature was not a significant variable for explaining abundance variability. The abundance of PL increased with salinity and influenced PL entry to the estuary. The highest abundances of PL were found in unprotected areas and protected sites at the mouth of the estuary, while juveniles were unevenly distributed with higher abundance in protected areas. Recruitment period of PL in the estuary was October to March, and of juveniles was November to February. We suggest that the preservation of unprotected shallow waters and protected areas at the mouth of the estuary are key to further recruitment of the species in the estuary.
A Revisit of the Definition of the Ship Domain based on AIS Analysis
Authors: Hörteborn Axel , Ringsberg Jonas W. , Svanberg Martin , Holm Henrik
Published: December 2018

When ships approach each other, they should keep a minimum area around them clear of other vessels in order to remain safe. The geometrical shape of this area has been studied since the early 1970s and is defined as the ship domain. The progress in computer capacity since then and the introduction of the Automatic Identification System (AIS) provides the potential to further investigate the size and the governing factors of the domain. This investigation revisits and proposes a method using data based on 600,000 ship encounters at 36 locations. It is concluded that the ship domain has the shape of an ellipse with half axis radii of 0.9 and 0.45 nautical miles. However, there are two factors that greatly affect the ship domain: how large the area is that is used to gather vessel intersections and whether they are constrained by water depth. In contradiction to some previous research, it is found that the ship domain is unrelated to the length of the ship.
Crystal structures of ammonium citrates
Authors: Wheatley Austin M. , Kaduk James A.
Published: December 2018

The crystal structures of (NH4)H2C6H5O7 and (NH4)3C6H5O7 have been determined using a combination of powder and single crystal techniques. The structure of (NH4)2HC6H5O7 has been determined previously by single crystal diffraction. All three structures were optimized using density functional techniques. The crystal structures are dominated by N-H⋅⋅⋅O hydrogen bonds, though O-H⋅⋅⋅O hydrogen bonds are also important. In (NH4)H2C6H5O7 very strong centrosymmetric charge-assisted O-H-O hydrogen bonds link one end of the citrate into chains along the b-axis. A more-normal O-H⋅⋅⋅O hydrogen bond links the other end of the citrate to the central ionized carboxyl group. In (NH4)2HC6H5O7, the very strong centrosymmetric O-H-O hydrogen bonds link the citrates into zig-zag chains along the b-axis. The citrates occupy layers parallel to the bc plane, and the ammonium ions link the layers through N-H⋅⋅⋅O hydrogen bonds. In (NH4)3C6H5O7, the hydroxyl group forms a hydrogen bond to a terminal carboxylate, and there is an extensive array of N-H⋅⋅⋅O hydrogen bonds. The energies of the density functional theory-optimized structures lead to a correlation between the energy of an N-H⋅⋅⋅O hydrogen bond and the Mulliken overlap population: E(N-H⋅⋅⋅O) (kcal/mole) = 23.1(overlap)½. Powder patterns of (NH4)H2C6H5O7 and (NH4)3C6H5O7 have been submitted to International Centre for Diffraction Data for inclusion in the powder diffraction file.
An Upper Bound on the Size of Avoidance Couplings
Authors: BATES ERIK , SAUERMANN LISA
Published: December 2018

We show that a coupling of non-colliding simple random walkers on the complete graph on n vertices can include at most n - log n walkers. This improves the only previously known upper bound of n - 2 due to Angel, Holroyd, Martin, Wilson and Winkler (Electron. Commun. Probab.18 (2013)). The proof considers couplings of i.i.d. sequences of Bernoulli random variables satisfying a similar avoidance property, for which there is separate interest.
The Abortion Debate and Profeminist Coalition Politics in Contemporary Turkey
Authors: Unal Didem
Published: December 2018

This article presents a qualitative analysis of profeminist Islamic women public figures’ discourses in the abortion debate in Turkey in 2012. The aim is to reveal the possibilities and limitations of achieving an intersectional and egalitarian profeminist collaboration on the Islamic-secular axis in contemporary Turkey. Drawing on recent feminist scholarship on coalition politics, the article exposes the fluctuations of meaning and the shifting frames of reference in these women's narratives and relates this hybrid, dynamic narrative quality to profeminist Islamic women's unique social location. It also elaborates on the blockage points in these narratives that hinder coalitional ways of thinking. Within this frame, this article suggests that in a social and political context that has witnessed a striking upsurge of antifeminist gender politics in the last decade, the building of coalitional profeminist politics beyond the Islamic-secular divide can be facilitated by shifting the focus from the apparently irreconcilable character of ideological positionings and lived experiences toward coalitional rhetorical strategies and intermediary narrative lines in profeminist subjects’ accounts.
Fred Hersch at the Village Vanguard: The Sound of Jazz Heritage at New York's Oldest Jazz Club
Authors: HANNON TEAL KIMBERLY
Published: December 2018

A small basement in Manhattan's Greenwich Village neighborhood, an area known for its bohemian values, is home to what is now one of jazz's oldest and most significant venues, the Village Vanguard. Although its very name, geography, and twentieth-century countercultural context define the Village Vanguard, a haven for experiment, its unequaled historical significance and current status as a major landmark within worldwide jazz culture have led to a twenty-first-century reality in which the club not only features but also plays an important role in defining the music that constitutes the most widely accepted subgenre of contemporary jazz, an improvisatory, small-group tradition rooted in the philosophical and musical heritage of bebop. Through an examination of performances both at the Vanguard and in other contexts by pianist Fred Hersch, a performer regularly featured at the club, this article argues that the cultural role of the Village Vanguard, both in spite of and because of the way its longtime owner Lorraine Gordon retained mid-twentieth-century appearances and practices, has shifted from its former purpose as a space for avant-garde experiments to become a powerful force in defining mainstream jazz. Hersch tailors his performances to suit the culture of the Vanguard at multiple levels, including his choice of personnel and ensemble type, the repertoire he does and does not play there, and the musical details of his improvisatory practices. Due to the venue's fame and prevalence as a recording space, choices like these by Hersch and other musicians shape the music widely understood to be at the center of the “jazz tradition,” marking a shift in the nature of the Vanguard that parallels changes in both its local and global context over the past half century as Greenwich Village has undergone substantial gentrification and jazz has gained an ever-stronger foothold as an institutionally recognized art music.
CME: Primärer Hyperparathyreoidismus
Authors: Egger Andrea , Fischli Stefan
Published: December 2018

Zusammenfassung. Primärer Hyperparathyreoidismus (pHPT) wird meistens zufällig diagnostiziert, wenn bei einer routinemässigen Laboruntersuchung eine Hyperkalzämie auffällt. Die Patienten sind bei Diagnosestellung meistens klinisch asymptomatisch, können aber bereits skelettale und renale Folgeerkrankungen aufweisen. Dieser Beitrag geht insbesondere auf die Diagnosestellung des pHPT ein, sowie auf die nötigen Verlaufskontrollen, wenn noch keine Operationsindikation besteht. Da heute immer häufiger das Parathormon (PTH) ohne vorgängige Diagnose einer Hyperkalzämie gemessen wird, ist ein Abschnitt der isolierten PTH-Erhöhung und den häufigsten Ursachen des sekundären Hyperparathyreoidismus gewidmet.
On the Timing and Nature of the Multiple Phases of Slope Instability on Eastern Rockall Bank, Northeast Atlantic
Authors: Georgiopoulou A. , Krastel S. , Finch N. , Zehn K. , McCarron S. , Huvenne V. A. I. , Haughton P. D. W. , Shannon P. M.
Published: December 2018

One of the most challenging tasks when studying large submarine landslides is determining whether the landslide was initiated as a single large event, a chain of events closely spaced in time or multiple events separated by long periods of time as all have implications in risk assessments. In this study we combine new multichannel seismic profiles and new sediment cores with bathymetric data to test whether the Rockall Bank Slide Complex, offshore western Ireland, is the composite of multiple slope collapse events and, if so, to differentiate them. We conclude that there have been at least three voluminous episodes of slope collapse separated by long periods of slope stability, a fourth, less voluminous event, and possibly a fifth more localized event. The oldest event, Slide A (200 km3), is estimated to be several hundred thousand years old. The second event, Slide B (125 km3), took place at the same location as slide A, reactivating the same scar, nearly 200 ka ago, possibly through retrogression of the scarp. Slide C (400 km3) took place 22 ka ago and occurred further north from the other slides. Slide D was a much smaller event that happened 10 ka ago, while the most recent event, albeit very small scale, took place within the last 1,000 years. This study highlights the need to thoroughly investigate large slide complexes to evaluate event sequencing, as seismic studies may hide multiple small‐scale events. This work also reveals that the same slide scarps can be reactivated and generate slides with different flow behaviors.
A Review of the Geological Constraints on the Conductive Boundary Layer at the Base of the Hydrothermal System at Mid‐Ocean Ridges
Authors: Gillis K. M. , Coogan L. A.
Published: December 2018

Models of high‐temperature hydrothermal systems at intermediate‐ to fast‐spreading mid‐ocean ridges have a conductive boundary layer (CBL) separating the magmatic heat source from the convecting hydrothermal fluid. Paleo‐CBLs preserved in the geological record provide a means to test theoretical models of the thermal, mechanical, and petrological evolution of this boundary. CBLs occur as metamorphic contact aureoles at or near the dike‐gabbro boundary where axial magma lenses (now plutonic rocks) intruded into the basal dikes, leading to their transformation into low permeability granulite and hornblende hornfels at >800 °C. Paleo‐CBLs are well documented in the Troodos and Oman ophiolites, and evidence of similar lithologies has been found at every location where the dike‐gabbro transition has been mapped and/or sampled in modern fast‐spreading crust (Hess and Pito Deeps, IODP Hole 1256D). Evaluation of the geothermometers used in studies of the thermal evolution of the CBL shows a lack of consistency that can be understood in terms of compositional controls. Peak temperatures are >900 °C in all areas at the base of the CBL, leading to partial melting, stoping, and disaggregation that facilitates thinning from below as required to maintain the high heat fluxes necessary to drive active black smoker systems. However, such thin CBLs are not the norm; steady state conditions must have thicker CBLs and smaller heat fluxes. In turn, global estimates of properties such as chemical fluxes for normal hydrothermal conditions may lead to substantially different element/heat fluxes than those based on active systems.
High‐Resolution Global Contiguous SIF of OCO‐2
Authors: Yu L. , Wen J. , Chang C. Y. , Frankenberg C. , Sun Y.
Published: December 2018

The Orbiting Carbon Observatory‐2 (OCO‐2) collects solar‐induced chlorophyll fluorescence (SIF) at high spatial resolution along orbits (oco2_orbit), but its discontinuous spatial coverage precludes its full potential for understanding the mechanistic SIF‐photosynthesis relationship. This study developed a spatially contiguous global OCO‐2 SIF product at 0.05° and 16‐day resolutions (oco2_005) using machine learning constrained by physiological understandings. This was achieved by stratifying biomes and times for training and predictions, which accounts for varying plant physiological properties in space and time.oco2_005accurately preserved the spatiotemporal variations ofoco2_orbitacross the globe. Validation ofoco2_005with Chlorophyll Fluorescence Imaging Spectrometer airborne measurements revealed striking consistency (R2 = 0.72; regression slope = 0.96). Further, without time and biome stratification, (1)oco2_005of croplands, deciduous temperate, and needleleaf forests would be underestimated during the peak season, (2)oco2_005of needleleaf forests would be overestimated during autumn, and (3) the capability ofoco2_005to detect drought would be diminished.
Repeating VLFEs During ETS Events in Cascadia Track Slow Slip and Continue Throughout Inter‐ETS Period
Authors: Hutchison Alexandra A. , Ghosh Abhijit
Published: December 2018

Episodic tremor and slip (ETS) events in Cascadia include slow earthquake phenomena such as slow slip events, tremor, low frequency earthquakes (LFEs), and very low frequency earthquakes (VLFEs; Rogers & Dragert, 2003, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1084783). Using VLFEs detected from a grid‐search centroid moment tensor inversion algorithm in the 2011 (Ghosh et al., 2015, https://doi.org/10.1002/2015GL063286) and 2014 (Hutchison & Ghosh, 2016, https://doi.org/10.1002/2016GL069750) ETS events as templates, we apply a matched filter algorithm to create a VLFE catalog for each ETS event. We also use the 2011 template events to create a VLFE catalog from July 2011 through the end of 2012, which encompasses both the 2012 ETS event and an inter‐ETS period. The successful application matched filtering intrinsically suggests that VLFEs are repeating events, of which thousands were detected during each ETS event. The findings contained herein come shortly after the successful application of a similar matched filter methodology in Western Japan where a number of VLFEs were also successfully detected (Baba et al., 2018, https://doi.org/10.1002/2017GL076122). The high temporal resolution of these VLFE catalogs show a significant increase in VLFE activity during ETS events that drops off immediately before and after the ETS period. A comparison of VLFE activity to GPS data shows that VLFE tracks slow slip, even when tremor is not occurring or is behaving anomalously during ETS periods. Finally, we find continued VLFE activity during the inter‐ETS period for all template events, though the extent of reactivation of VLFE asperities and their spatiotemporal coincidence with tremor is varied among the template events.