bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Dissolution of Silver Nanoparticles in Stratified Estuarine Mesocosms and Silver Accumulation in a Simple Planktonic Freshwater Trophic Chain
Authors: Guilleux Camille , Chen Zhongzhi , Campbell Peter G. C. , Fortin Claude
Published: January 2022

The increasing presence of nanomaterials in consumer products has led the scientific community to study the environmental fate of these contaminants of emerging concern. Silver nanoparticles, used mainly for their antibacterial properties, are among the most common nanomaterials. Understanding their transformations and interactions with living organisms, especially under environmentally relevant conditions that can modify metal bioavailability, is a crucial step in the study of their impacts on aquatic ecosystems. In the present study, citrate-coated silver nanoparticles (20 nm; 10 µg/L) were added to the surface freshwater layer of mesocosms simulating a stratified estuary. The investigation by dialysis of the nanoparticle dissolution showed that a large amount of total silver was found in the freshwater layer (and a very low amount in the seawater layer) and that 5–15% was in the form of dissolved silver. These results indicate that the halocline, separating fresh water from seawater, acted as a strong density barrier limiting the sedimentation of the nanoparticles. A simple trophic chain, composed of the freshwater alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii and the invertebrate Daphnia magna, was used to determine silver bioavailability. This study suggests that citrate-coated silver nanoparticles do not significantly contribute to Ag accumulation by algae but may do so for invertebrates.
Acknowledgment to Reviewers of Environments in 2021
Authors:   Environments Editorial Office
Published: January 2022

Rigorous peer-reviews are the basis of high-quality academic publishing [...]
Planning of Commercial Thinnings Using Machine Learning and Airborne Lidar Data
Authors: Arumäe Tauri , Lang Mait , Sims Allan , Laarmann Diana
Published: January 2022

The goal of this study was to predict the need for commercial thinning using airborne lidar data (ALS) with random forest (RF) machine learning algorithm. Two test sites (with areas of 14,750 km2 and 12,630 km2) were used with a total of 1053 forest stands from southwestern Estonia and 951 forest stands from southeastern Estonia. The thinnings were predicted based on the ALS measurements in 2019 and 2017. The two most important ALS metrics for predicting the need for thinning were the 95th height percentile and the canopy cover. The prediction accuracy based on validation stands was 93.5% for southwestern Estonia and 85.7% for southeastern Estonia. For comparison, the general linear model prediction accuracy was less for both test sites—92.1% for southwest and 81.8% for southeast. The selected important predictive ALS metrics differed from those used in the RF algorithm. The cross-validation of the thinning necessity models of southeastern and southwestern Estonia showed a dependence on geographic regions.
Classification of Fire Damage to Boreal Forests of Siberia in 2021 Based on the dNBR Index
Authors: Ponomarev Evgenii , Zabrodin Andrey , Ponomareva Tatiana
Published: January 2022

Wildfire in Siberia is extensive, affecting up to 15 Mha annually. The proportion of the vegetation affected by severe fires is yet unknown, and it is a problem that requires a solution because post-fire mortality of tree stands in Siberian taiga has a strong effect on the global budget of carbon. The impact of fire in our area of interest in eastern Siberia was analyzed using the normalized burn ratio (NBR) and its pre- versus post-fire difference (dNBR) applied to Landsat-8 (OLI) collected in 2020–2021. In this paper, we present the classification of fire impact in relation to dominant tree stands and vegetation types in boreal forests of eastern Siberia. The dNBR of post-fire plots ranged widely (0.30–0.60) in homogeneous larch (Larix sibirica, L. gmelinii) forests, pine (Pinus sylvestris) forests, dark coniferous stands (Pinus sibirica, Abies sibirica, Picea obovata), sparse larch stands, and Siberian dwarf pine (Pinus pumila) stands. We quantified the proportions of low, moderate, and high fire severity (37%, 39%, and 24% of the total area burned, respectively) in dense tree stands, which were varied to 30%, 57%, and 13%, respectively, for sparse stands and tundra vegetation dominated in the north of eastern Siberia. The proportion of severe fires varied according to the transition from dominant larch stands (33.2% of the area burned) to pine (12.6%) and dark coniferous (up to 26.4%). The current proportion of stand-replacement fires in eastern Siberia is 12–33%, depending on vegetation type and tree density, which is about 2500 thousand hectares in 2021 in the region. According to our findings, the “healthy/unburned vegetation” class was quantified as well at least 700 thousand hectares in 2021.
Feed Supplementation with the GHRP-6 Peptide, a Ghrelin Analog, Improves Feed Intake, Growth Performance and Aerobic Metabolism in the Gilthead Sea Bream Sparus aurata
Authors: Rodríguez-Viera Leandro , Martí Ignacio , Martínez Rebeca , Perera Erick , Estrada Mario Pablo , Mancera Juan Miguel , Martos-Sitcha Juan Antonio
Published: January 2022

The aquaculture sector has experienced rapid and important growth with the subsequent increase of feeding and nutritional issues for sustaining this activity, mainly related to the use of high quality, safe and environmentally friendly feed ingredients. The use of additives in aquafeeds has proven to be a suitable option to improve different productive indicators in farmed fish. In the present study, the effect of adding the GHRP-6 peptide, a ghrelin analog, to a commercial diet of gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata) was studied at two proportions (100 or 500 μg/kg of feed). Both experimental diets show an increase in growth performance, as well as in feed efficiency after 97 days of experiment. The lower inclusion of GHRP-6 (100 μg/kg) results in a better aerobic metabolism, while the higher inclusion significantly increased plasma GH levels in agreement with the GH secretagogue effects of ghrelin. Similar growth outcome and differences between GHRP-6 levels in aerobic metabolism and GH stimulation suggest that improvements in culture performance by this peptide may occur through different mechanisms. Taken together, this compound can be considered as a viable dietary supplement for increasing production efficiency of sea bream aquaculture, although a better understanding of its dose-specific effects is still required.
Simultaneous Monitoring of the Evolution of Chemical Parameters in the Fermentation Process of Pineapple Fruit Wine Using the Liquid Probe for Near-Infrared Coupled with Chemometrics
Authors: Kasemsumran Sumaporn , Boondaeng Antika , Ngowsuwan Kraireuk , Jungtheerapanich Sunee , Apiwatanapiwat Waraporn , Janchai Phornphimon , Meelaksana Jiraporn , Vaithanomsat Pilanee
Published: January 2022

This study used Fourier transform-near-infrared (FT-NIR) spectroscopy equipped with the liquid probe in combination with an efficient wavelength selection method named searching combination moving window partial least squares (SCMWPLS) for the determination of ethanol, total soluble solids, total acidity, and total volatile acid contents in pineapple fruit wine fermentation using Saccharomyces cerevisiae var. burgundy. Two fermentation batches were produced, and the NIR spectral data of the calibration samples in the wavenumber range of 11,536–3952 cm−1 were obtained over ten days of the fermentation period. SCMWPLS coupled with second derivatives searched and optimized spectral intervals containing useful information for building calibration models of four parameters. All models were validated by test samples obtained from an independent fermentation batch. The SCMWPLS models showed better predictions (the lowest value of prediction error and the highest value of residual predictive deviation) with acceptable statistical results (under confidence limits) among the results achieved by using the whole region. The results of this study demonstrated that FT-NIR spectroscopy using a liquid probe coupled with SCMWPLS could select the optimized wavelength regions while reducing spectral points and increasing accuracy for simultaneously monitoring the evolution of four chemical parameters in pineapple fruit wine fermentation.
Food Colour Additives: A Synoptical Overview on Their Chemical Properties, Applications in Food Products, and Health Side Effects
Authors: Silva Maria Manuela , Reboredo Fernando Henrique , Lidon Fernando Cebola
Published: January 2022

Colour is one of the most relevant organoleptic attributes that directly affects consumers’ acceptance and food selection. However, as food colouring pigments are generally unstable and become modified during processing, in order to maintain or restore product colour uniformity, colourants are added to food products around the world. In this context, although they are still widely used, synthetic food colorants, due to their potential hazards, are being replaced by those obtained from natural origins. Indeed, numerous side effects and toxicities, at both the medium and long-terms—namely allergic reactions, and behavioral and neurocognitive effects—have been related to the use of synthetic colourants, whereas their naturally-derived counterparts seem to provide a somewhat high-quality and effective contribution as a health promoter. In order to further understand the implications of the use of synthetic and naturally derived food colourants, this review aims to provide a synoptical approach to the chemical characteristics, properties, uses and side effects on health of those which are currently allowed and applied during food processing.
Development of a Stepwise Algorithm for Supercooling Storage of Pork Belly and Chicken Breast and Its Effect on Freshness
Authors: Park Dong Hyeon , Lee SangYoon , Kim Eun Jeong , Jo Yeon-Ji , Choi Mi-Jung
Published: January 2022

Supercooling is the method of lowering the temperature of a foodstuff below its freezing point without phase transitions. This storage technique has a potential advantage for extending shelf life. Nevertheless, the supercooled state of food is thermodynamically unstable. To accomplish supercooling storage, slow cooling rate and minimized temperature fluctuation are necessary. Thus, a stepwise cooling algorithm was designed and applied in this study. Pork belly and chicken breast were stored at 3 °C, −18 °C (freezing), and supercooling treatment was applied to them for 12 days. All samples preserved their supercooled state and were unfrozen during the storage period. Overall, supercooled samples were advantageous in respect of drip loss compared to that of frozen samples, regardless of type of sample. Total volatile basic nitrogen, total aerobic account, and cooking loss of pork belly was higher than in the chicken breast due to the high fat retention in pork belly as compared to chicken breast, in particular, at refrigerated storage condition. Samples stored at supercooling treatment prevented increase in volatile basic nitrogen and microbial growth. Therefore, the supercooled state was successful when using stepwise algorithm, and it was effective at maintaining meat quality compared to freezing and refrigeration storage.
Novel Insights into the Differences in Nutrition Value, Gene Regulation and Network Organization between Muscles from Pasture-Fed and Barn-Fed Goats
Authors: Yang Yufeng , Wang Yan , Shan Huiquan , Zheng Yalin , Xuan Zeyi , Hu Jinling , Wei Mingsong , Wang Zhiqiang , Liu Qingyou , Li Zhipeng
Published: January 2022

The physiological and biochemical characters of muscles derived from pasture-fed or barn-fed black goats were detected, and RNA-seq was performed to reveal the underlying molecular mechanisms to identify how the pasture feeding affected the nutrition and flavor of the meat. We found that the branched chain amino acids, unsaturated fatty acids, and zinc in the muscle of pasture-fed goats were significantly higher than those in the barn-fed group, while the heavy metal elements, cholesterol, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol were significantly lower. RNA-seq results showed that 1761 genes and 147 lncRNA transcripts were significantly differentially expressed between the pasture-fed and barn-fed group. Further analysis found that the differentially expressed genes were mainly enriched in the myogenesis and Glycerophospholipid metabolism pathway. A functional analysis of the lncRNA transcripts further highlighted the difference in fatty acid metabolism between the two feeding models. Our study provides novel insights into the gene regulation and network organization of muscles and could be potentially used for improving the quality of mutton.
Effect of Lactic Acid Fermentation on Volatile Compounds and Sensory Characteristics of Mango (Mangifera indica) Juices
Authors: Mandha Juliana , Shumoy Habtu , Devaere Jolien , Schouteten Joachim J. , Gellynck Xavier , De Winne Ann , Matemu Athanasia O. , Raes Katleen
Published: January 2022

Fermentation is a sustainable bio-preservation technique that can improve the organoleptic quality of fruit juices. Mango juices were fermented by monoculture strains of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum subsp. plantarum (MLP), Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus (MLR), Lacticaseibacillus casei (MLC), Levilactobacillus brevis (MLB), and Pediococcus pentosaceus (MPP). Volatile compounds were sorbed using headspace solid phase microextraction, separated, and identified with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Forty-four (44) volatile compounds were identified. The control, MPP, and MLB had higher amounts of ethyl acetate, ethyl butyrate, 2-hexenal, 2,6-nonadienal, 2,2-dimethylpropanal, β-selinene, γ-gurjunene, α-copaene, and δ-cadinene, while MLC, MLP, and MLR had higher amounts of 2,3-butanedione and a cyclic hydrocarbon derivate. Consumers (n = 80) assessed their overall liking and characterized sensory attributes (appearance, color, aroma, flavor, consistency, acidity, and sweetness) using check-all-that-apply, and penalty analysis (just-about-right). Overall liking was associated with ‘mango color’, ‘pulp’, ‘mango aroma’, ‘sweet’, ‘natural taste’, and ‘mango flavor’ that described the control, MLB, MLC and MPP. Juices MLR and MLP were described as ‘bitter’, ‘sour’, ‘aftertaste’, and ‘off-flavor’. Multivariate analysis revealed relationships between the volatile compounds, mango juices fermented by different lactic acid bacteria, and sensory characteristics. Thus, the type of lactic acid bacteria strains determined the volatile and sensory profile of mango juices.
Biochemical Characterization and Effects of Cooking Methods on Main Phytochemicals of Red and Purple Potato Tubers, a Natural Functional Food
Authors: D’Amelia Vincenzo , Sarais Giorgia , Fais Giacomo , Dessì Debora , Giannini Vittoria , Garramone Raffaele , Carputo Domenico , Melito Sara
Published: January 2022

Potato is a staple food crop and an important source of dietary energy. Its tubers contain several essential amino acids, vitamins, minerals and phytochemicals that contribute to the nutritional value of this important product. Recently, scientific interest has focused on purple and red potatoes that, due to the presence of anthocyanins, may be considered as natural powerful functional food. The aim of this study was to evaluate the characteristics of pigmented varieties, the types of anthocyanins accumulated and the level of both beneficial phytochemicals (vitamin C and chlorogenic acids, CGAs) and anti-nutritional compounds (glycoalkaloids) following various cooking methods. The analyses described the presence of a mix of several acylated anthocyanins in pigmented tubers along with high level of CGA. The amount of antioxidants was differently affected by heat treatments according to the type of molecule and the cooking methods used. In some cases, the beneficial compounds were made more available by heat treatments for the analytical detection as compared to raw materials. Data reported here describe both the agronomic properties of these pigmented varieties and the effects of food processing methods on bioactive molecules contained in this natural functional food. They may provide useful information for breeders aiming to develop new varieties that could include desirable agronomical and industrial processing traits.
Effect of Peroxyl Radical-Induced Oxidation on Functional and Structural Characteristics of Walnut Protein Isolates Revealed by High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Zhang Xuechun , Yang Xi , Li Yunqian , Wang Zhenxing , He Xuemei , Sun Jian
Published: January 2022

The present study aims to investigate the structural and functional properties of oxidated walnut protein isolates (WPI) by 2,2′-azobis (2-amidinopropane) dihydrochloride (AAPH). The oxidation degree, changes in structural characteristics, processing properties, and protein modifications of WPI were measured. The results showed that oxidation significantly induced structural changes, mainly reflected by the increasing carbonyl content, and decreasing sulfhydryl and free amino groups. Moreover, the secondary structure of WPI was altered in response to oxidation, and large aggregates formed through disulfide cross-linking and hydrophobic interactions. Almost all the property indicators were significantly decreased by oxidation except the foaming property and water/oil holding capacity. Mass spectrometry analysis showed that 16 different modifications occurred in amino acid side chains, and most of the protein groups with higher numbers of modifications were found to be associated with allergies, which was further confirmed by the reduction in antigenicity of the major allergen (Jug r 1) in WPI. Meanwhile, we used oxidation-related proteins for gene ontology (GO) enrichment analyses, and the results indicated that 115, 204 and 59 GO terms were enriched in terms of biological process, molecular function, and cellular component, respectively. In conclusion, oxidation altered the groups and conformation of WPI, which in turn caused modification in the functional properties correspondingly. These findings might provide a reference for processing and storage of walnut protein foods.
Ultrasonic Solvent Extraction Followed by Dispersive Solid Phase Extraction (d-SPE) Cleanup for the Simultaneous Determination of Five Anthraquinones in Polygonum multiflorum by UHPLC-PDA
Authors: Xu Ying , Yu Xuan , Gui Jiaqi , Wan Yiqun , Chen Jinping , Tan Ting , Liu Fan , Guo Lan
Published: January 2022

A rapid and effective ultra-high performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC) method was developed for the determination of five anthraquinones (emodin, physcion, aloe-emodin, rhein, and chrysophanol) in Polygonum multiflorum. The target compounds were ultrasonically extracted with 70% methanol, followed by dispersive solid-phase extraction (d-SPE) with HC-C18 and desorption with acetonitrile. The five anthraquinones were separated on an ACQUITY UPLC® HSS T3 column (2.1 × 100 mm, 1.8 μm) and detected by a photodiode array detector (PDA) at 254 nm. Under the optimized conditions, linear relationships were achieved in the range of 0.3~100 mg/L for emodin, 0.3~40 mg/L for physcion, 0.1~20 mg/L for aloe-emodin, and 0.05~20 mg/L for rhein and chrysophanol. The limits of detection of the five analytes ranged from 0.01 to 0.08 mg/L, and the recoveries were within the range of 82.8~118.4% with an RSD (n = 6) of 1.0~10.3%. The intra-day and inter-day precision (n = 5) of the five targets were in the range of 1.0~1.8% and 3.0~3.1%, respectively. Furthermore, this method was applied to analyses of Polygonum multiflorum samples collected from different regions in China with satisfactory results. All the results indicated that this method is suitable for the detection of five anthraquinones in Polygonum multiflorum.
Nano-Strategies for Enhancing the Bioavailability of Tea Polyphenols: Preparation, Applications, and Challenges
Authors: Niu Li , Li Ziqiang , Fan Wei , Zhong Xiaohong , Peng Miao , Liu Zhonghua
Published: January 2022

Tea polyphenols (TPs) are among the most abundant functional compounds in tea. They exhibit strong antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-cancer effects. However, their instability and low bioavailability limits their applications. Nanotechnology, which involves the use of nanoscale substances (sizes ranging from 1 to 100 nm) to improve the properties of substances, provides a solution for enhancing the stability and bioavailability of TPs. We reviewed the preparation, performance, effects, and applications of different types of TPs nanocarriers. First, we introduced the preparation of different nanocarriers, including nanoparticles, nanoemulsions, nanomicelles, and nanolipids. Then, we discussed various applications of tea polyphenol-loaded nanocarriers in functional ingredient delivery, food quality improvement, and active food packaging. Finally, the challenges and future development directions of TPs nanocarriers were elucidated. In conclusion, a nano-strategy may be the “key” to break the application barriers of TPs. Therefore, the use of nano-strategies for the safe, stable, and efficient release of TPs is the direction of future research.
Acknowledgment to the Reviewers of Forecasting in 2021
Authors:   Forecasting Editorial Office
Published: January 2022

Rigorous peer reviews are the basis of high-quality academic publishing [...]
The Role of Axions in the Formation of the Photoluminescence Spectrum in Dispersive Media
Authors: Ogluzdin Valeriy Evgenjevich
Published: January 2022

In the review, based on the analysis of the results published in the works of domestic and foreign researchers, a variant of an unconventional interpretation of the photoluminescence of dispersive media in the energy range of 0.5–3 eV is proposed. The interpretation meets the requirements of the energy conservation law for photons and axions participating in the photoluminescence process. The participation of axions in the process is consistent with Primakov’s hypothesis. The role of nonradiative relaxation at the stage of axion decay is noted. The axion lifetimes are estimated for a number of dispersive media.
Acknowledgment to Reviewers of Fractal Fract in 2021
Authors:   Fractal Fract Editorial Office
Published: January 2022

Rigorous peer-reviews are the basis of high-quality academic publishing [...]
Acknowledgment to Reviewers of Future Transportation in 2021
Authors:   Future Transportation Editorial Office
Published: January 2022

Rigorous peer-reviews are the basis of high-quality academic publishing [...]
Acknowledgment to Reviewers of Games in 2021
Authors:   Games Editorial Office
Published: January 2022

Rigorous peer-reviews are the basis of high-quality academic publishing [...]
Editorial on Special Issue “Hydrogels for Biomedical Applications: New Knowledge”
Authors: O’Connor Naphtali
Published: January 2022

Hydrogels are a network of hydrophilic polymers or lower molecular weight gelators capable of retaining a large quantity of water within three-dimensional networks without dissolving [...]
Ultraviolet and Infrared Irradiations Sensing of Gel-Orange Dye Composite-Based Flexible Electrochemical Cells
Authors: Chani Muhammad Tariq Saeed , Karimov Khasan S. , Asiri Abdullah M. , Kamal Tahseen , Bakhsh Esraa M. , Rahman Mohammed Muzibur
Published: January 2022

The flexible and shockproof rubber-based Al/OD-Gel/Cu electrochemical cell was designed, fabricated, and investigated for the detection of IR and UV irradiations. For this purpose, the transparent gel–orange dye composite was deposited on the porous rubber substrate between aluminum and copper electrodes. It was observed that the gel–orange dye composite was mechanically like a gel: soft and flexible. Electrically, this composite (gel–orange dye) forms a flexible electrolyte. It was found that the impedance of the samples under the effect of infrared irradiation decreased by 2.02 to 2.19 times on changing frequency from 100 Hz to 200 kHz. Accordingly, under the effect of ultraviolet irradiation, the impedance of the samples decreased by 1.23 to 1.45 times on increasing frequency from 100 Hz to 200 kHz. Under the effect of infrared irradiation up to 4000 W/m2, the cell’s open-circuit voltage increased by 1.59 times. The cell’s open-circuit voltage also increased by 1.06 times under the effect of ultraviolet irradiation up to 200 uW/cm2. The mechanism of the absorption of the infrared and ultraviolet irradiations by the OD–Gel composite has been discussed in detail. The fabricated flexible rubber substrate-based Al/OD-Gel/Cu electrochemical cells can be used as a prototype for the development of gel electronics-based devices.
MiR-218-5p Affects Subcutaneous Adipogenesis by Targeting ACSL1, a Novel Candidate for Pig Fat Deposition
Authors: Shan Baosen , Yan Mengting , Yang Kai , Lin Weimin , Yan Jiayu , Wei Shengjuan , Wei Wei , Chen Jie , Zhang Lifan
Published: January 2022

As a centre enzyme in fatty acid activation, acyl-CoA synthetase long-chain family member 1 (ACSL1) plays an important role in body lipid homeostasis. However, the functions of ACSL1 in the subcutaneous adipogenesis of pigs are largely unknown. In the present study, we found that the expression of ACSL1 significantly increased during the process of porcine preadipocyte differentiation. Moreover, silencing of ACSL1 in preadipocytes decreased levels of triglyceride and adipogenic-related markers, including FABP4, APOE, and FASN (p < 0.01), and simultaneously increased levels of lipolytic-related markers, such as ATGL and HSL (p < 0.05). Conversely, overexpression of ACSL1 in preadipocytes increased levels of triglyceride and FABP4, APOE, and FASN (p < 0.01), and reduced levels of ATGL and HSL (p < 0.05). Luciferase reporter assays revealed that ACSL1 is a target of miR-218-5p, which can reduce the mRNA and protein levels of ACSL1 by directly binding the 3′ untranslated region of ACSL1. Furthermore, miR-218-5p has an inhibition role in porcine preadipocyte differentiation by suppressing ACSL1 expression. Taken together, these data provide insights into the mechanism of the miR-218-5p/ACSL1 axis in regulating subcutaneous fat deposition of pigs.
Acknowledgment to Reviewers of Geosciences in 2021
Authors:   Geosciences Editorial Office
Published: January 2022

Rigorous peer-reviews are the basis of high-quality academic publishing [...]
Changing Quaternary Environment in the Mediterranean
Authors: Surić Maša , Wacha Lara
Published: January 2022

Reconstruction of the Quaternary environment is one of the main issues in the global endeavour of predicting future changes, to which the Mediterranean Sea is highly sensitive due to its latitude and landlocked position [...]
Acknowledgment to Reviewers of Humanities in 2021
Authors:   Humanities Editorial Office
Published: January 2022

Rigorous peer-reviews are the basis of high-quality academic publishing [...]
Assessing Hospital Resource Utilization with Application to Imaging for Patients Diagnosed with Prostate Cancer
Authors: Lunn Yazmine , Patel Rudra , Sokphat Timothy S. , Bourn Laura , Fields Khalil , Fitzgerald Anna , Sundaresan Vandana , Thomas Greeshma , Korvink Michael , Gunn Laura H.
Published: January 2022

Resource utilization measures are typically modeled by relying on clinical characteristics. However, in some settings, those clinical markers are not available, and hospitals are unable to explore potential inefficiencies or resource misutilization. We propose a novel approach to exploring misutilization that solely relies on administrative data in the form of patient characteristics and competing resource utilization, with the latter being a novel addition. We demonstrate this approach in a 2019 patient cohort diagnosed with prostate cancer (n = 51,111) across 1056 U.S. healthcare facilities using Premier, Inc.’s (Charlotte, NC, USA) all payor databases. A multivariate logistic regression model was fitted using administrative information and competing resources utilization. A decision curve analysis informed by industry average standards of utilization allows for a definition of misutilization with regards to these industry standards. Odds ratios were extracted at the patient level to demonstrate differences in misutilization by patient characteristics, such as race; Black individuals experienced higher under-utilization compared to White individuals (p < 0.0001). Volume-adjusted Poisson rate regression models allow for the identification and ranking of facilities with large departures in utilization. The proposed approach is scalable and easily generalizable to other diseases and resources and can be complemented with clinical information from electronic health record information, when available.
Clinical Experience of High Frequency and Low Frequency TENS in Treatment of Diabetic Neuropathic Pain in Russia
Authors: Al-Zamil Mustafa , Minenko Inessa A. , Kulikova Natalia G. , Alade Michael , Petrova Marina M. , Pronina Elena A. , Romanova Irina V. , Narodova Ekaterina A. , Nasyrova Regina F. , Shnayder Natalia A.
Published: January 2022

Background: Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) is presently one of the main methods of treatment for neuropathic pain in type II diabetes mellitus. The discussion about which TENS frequency is more effective in the treatment of neuropathic pain has been ongoing for many years. Despite this, the response of different aspects of neuropathic pain to various TENS modalities has not been sufficiently studied. Aim: To analyze changes in characteristics of neuropathic pain depending on the frequency of TENS. Materials and methods: Seventy-five Russian diabetic patients with painful distal axonal neuropathy were enrolled in the study. Patients were assigned to three groups: in the HF TENS group, 25 patients received standard drug therapy (Alpha-lipoic acid, Pentoxifylline, Vitamin B12, Gabapentin) + high-frequency TENS (HF); in the LF TENS group, 25 patients received standard drug therapy (Alpha-lipoic acid, Pentoxifylline, Vitamin B12, Gabapentin) + low-frequency TENS (LF); in the control group, 25 patients underwent just standard drug therapy (Alpha-lipoic acid, Pentoxifylline, Vitamin B12, Gabapentin). Pain intensity was calculated before and after treatment with visual analogue scale (VAS), McGill pain questionnaire (MPQ), Douleur Neuropathique 4 Questions (DN4) and Pain Drawing. Results: TENS increased the therapeutic effect of standard drug therapy, in the treatment of neuropathic pain, by 65.9% and prolonged its efficacy by 31% for up to 6 months after treatment. HF TENS had a more pronounced analgesic effect than LF TENS based on VAS (34.7%), sensory (57.6%) MPQ dimensions and DN4 (21%). Affective MPQ dimension with the use of LF TENS was lower than HF TENS by 34.7% immediately after treatment, by 47.3% after 2 months and by 34.8% after 6 months of the follow-up period. Conclusion: There are significant differences between HF and LF TENS based on pain assessment using various pain scales. This reflects the distinctive effects of different TENS modalities on different aspects of neuropathic pain.
Comparison of Abdominal Muscle Thickness between the Abdominal Draw-in Maneuver and Maximum Abdominal Contraction Maneuver
Authors: Park Seo-Yoon , Oh Seunghue , Baek Ki-Hyun , Bae Sung-Soo , Kwon Jung-Won
Published: January 2022

All abdominal muscles, including the transverse abdominis (TrA), should be modulated to improve core stability. This study aimed to investigate easier and more effective core exercise methods by comparing thickness changes in the TrA, internal oblique (IO), external oblique (EO), and rectus abdominis (RA) muscles during the abdominal draw-in maneuver (ADIM) and maximum abdominal contraction maneuver (MACM). Thirty healthy subjects who participated in this study underwent ADIM and MACM three times in random order. We measured the abdominal muscle thickness during ADIM and MACM using ultrasonography and compared the changes in the thickness of TrA, IO, EO, and RA muscles using a paired t-test. Significant differences were observed in the thicknesses of all the abdominal muscles between the ADIM and MACM groups (p < 0.05). The MACM immediately increased the thickness of the TrA (p < 0.001, effect size (ES) = 0.931), IO (p = 0.001, ES = 0.761), EO (p = 0.008, ES = 0.415), and RA (p < 0.001, ES = 0.767) muscles. These results suggest that MACM is useful for immediately increasing the thickness of TrA, IO, EO, and RA muscles and may contribute to the clinical effect of simultaneous contractions on the changes in abdominal muscle thickness.
The Experiences of African American Male Caregivers
Authors: Deskins Barbara Pollard , Letvak Susan , Kennedy-Malone Laurie , Rowsey Pamela Johnson , Bedini Leandra , Rhew Denise
Published: January 2022

Aging of the population has led to an increasing number of caregivers. While research has been conducted on caregiver experiences, less is known about the experiences of African American males in the U.S. This qualitative descriptive study describes the experiences of 13 African American men who acted as caregivers to adult chronically ill or debilitated loved ones, the majority of whom provided care during the COVID-19 pandemic. The revised Sociocultural Stress and Coping Model (R-SSCM) guided this study. Individual interviews were conducted via the Zoom application. Content analysis revealed four themes: (1) “My time to take the reins”, (2) “It’s a male thang”, (3) “Caring amid a pandemic”, and (4) “Effects of the caregiver’s journey”. This study’s findings in relation to the literature provide overdue attention to the African American male caregiving experience, especially in relation to the COVID-19 pandemic. The implications of our findings include the need for more culturally congruent support services for African American male caregivers, as well as increased efforts to encourage trust in the healthcare system—especially in relation to vaccination for the SARS-CoV-2 virus.
Nasal Polyposis Quality of Life (NPQ): Development and Validation of the First Specific Quality of Life Questionnaire for Chronic Rhinosinusitis with Nasal Polyps
Authors: Baiardini Ilaria , Paoletti Giovanni , Mariani Alessia , Malvezzi Luca , Pirola Francesca , Spriano Giuseppe , Mercante Giuseppe , Puggioni Francesca , Racca Francesca , Melone Giulio , Malipiero Giacomo , Ferri Sebastian , Canonica Giorgio Walter , Heffler Enrico
Published: January 2022

To date, no disease-specific tool has been available to assess the impact of chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) on health-related quality of life (HRQoL). Therefore, the purpose of this study was to develop and validate a questionnaire specifically designed to this aim: the Nasal Polyposis Quality of Life (NPQ) questionnaire. As indicated in the current guidelines, the development and validation of the NPQ occurred in two separate steps involving different groups of patients. The questionnaire was validated by assessing internal structure, consistency, and validity. Responsiveness and sensitivity to changes were also evaluated. In the development process of NPQ an initial list of 40 items was given to 60 patients with CRSwNP; the 27 most significant items were selected and converted into questions. The validation procedure involved 107 patients (mean age 52.9 ± 12.4). NPQ revealed a five-dimensional structure and high levels of internal consistency (Cronbach’s alpha 0.95). Convergent validity (Spearman’ coefficient r = 0.75; p < 0.01), discriminant validity (sensitivity to VAS score), and reliability in a sample of patients with a stable health status (Interclass Coefficient 0.882) were satisfactory. Responsiveness to clinical changes was accomplished. The minimal important difference was 7. NPQ is the first questionnaire for the assessment of HRQoL in CRSwNP. Our results demonstrate that the new tool is valid, reliable, and sensitive to individual changes.
Sexual Quality of Life-Female (SQoL-F): Cultural Adaptation and Validation of European Portuguese Version
Authors: Sim-Sim Margarida , Aaberg Vicki , Gómez-Cantarino Sagrario , Dias Hélia , Caldeira Ermelinda , Soto-Fernandez Irene , Gradellini Cinzia
Published: January 2022

The Sexual Quality of Life-Female (SQoL-F) questionnaire was developed with qualitative data to assess the impact of sexual dysfunction in women. Objectives: the aim was to conduct a cross-cultural adaptation and psychometric analysis of a European Portuguese version of the Sexual Quality of Life-Female questionnaire. Methods: Methodological study of the processes of translation and cultural adaptation. This is a retrospective study in which nursing students participated. Data collection: Lime Survey platform in a convenience sample was carried out in two stages, the latter being re-testing data. The instrument analysed, presented as a latent variable, consisted of 18 items on a Likert scale. The study was approved by the Ethics Committee. Participants: the sample was 113 women, mean age 21.99 years (±3.76), attending classes in the first 4 years of the first cycle of nursing. Results: Reliability was analysed and stability was found in the test–retest (rs = 0.658) and in the intraclass coefficient (rs = 0.821). The internal consistency analysis showed an alpha value of 0.846. Discriminant validity analysis using the Mann–Whitney test revealed a higher score of the quality of sexual life of students living with parents/surrogates. Factor validity analysis was conducted using Oblimin rotation with four-, three- and two-factor tests. Parallel analysis of the empirical matrix compared to the random matrix showed that the instrument was unidimensional. Conclusions: the assessment of the properties of the SQoL-F is valuable, as the provision of a valid and reliable instrument contributes to the quality of subsequent studies, including for local and multicentre research.
Symptoms of Nomophobia, Psychological Aspects, Insomnia and Physical Activity: A Cross-Sectional Study of ESports Players in Saudi Arabia
Authors: AlMarzooqi Mezna A. , Alhaj Omar A. , Alrasheed Maha M. , Helmy Mai , Trabelsi Khaled , Ebrahim Ahmed , Hattab Suhaib , Jahrami Haitham A. , Ben Saad Helmi
Published: January 2022

(1) Background: ESports is a new trend of sports, which has gained considerable popularity worldwide. There is a scarcity of evidence that focuses on the lifestyle of ESports players (eSP) particularly on symptoms of nomophobia, level of anxiety, sleep quality, food consumption and physical activity. (2) Objective: to determine the prevalence and relationship between symptoms of nomophobia, psychological aspects, insomnia and physical activity of eSP in Saudi Arabia. (3) Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted between March and April 2021 using a convenient self-selection adult sample. A total of 893 (216 eSP vs. 677 non-eSP (NeSP)) participants aged over 18 years were included. All participants answered a seven-part validated questionnaire that included: (i) sociodemographic questions; (ii) a symptoms of nomophobia questionnaire; (iii) general anxiety disorder questions, (iv) an insomnia severity index, (v) an Internet addiction scale, (vi) the Yale food addiction scale 2.0 short form and (vii) an international physical activity questionnaire. (4) Results: Among the entire population, the prevalence of moderate to severe nomophobia, anxiety, insomnia, Internet addiction and low physical activity were 29.8%, 13.9%, 63.3%, 27% and 2.8%, respectively. The eSP and NeSP differed significantly in nomophobia scale, anxiety and insomnia values. Compared to NeSP, eSP had a higher level of severe nomophobia p = 0.003, a severe level of anxiety p = 0.025 and symptoms of insomnia p = 0.018. Except for food addiction and physical activity, a positive correlation was identified between symptoms of nomophobia, anxiety and insomnia among eSP. (5) Conclusion: This study reported high prevalence of nomophobia, anxiety and insomnia among eSP compared to NeSP.
Evaluation of a Programme of Online Arts Activities for Patients with Kidney Disease during the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Wilson Anna , Carswell Claire , Burton Stephanie , Johnston William , Lee Jennifer Baxley , MacKenzie Alistair , Matthews Michael , Murphy Paul , Reid Joanne , Walsh Ian , Wurm Fina , Noble Helen
Published: January 2022

Patients living with end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) have been seriously impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic. As these patients are considered extremely clinically vulnerable, they were advised to ‘shield’ at home, with limited face-to-face contact and support for the duration of the pandemic. Living with ESKD impacts heavily on patients’ mental health and wellbeing, and this extended period of isolation and loneliness is likely to have a further negative effect on patients’ mental wellbeing. The Renal Arts Group (RAG), Queen’s University Belfast, aims to improve the quality of life of those living with ESKD and the extended renal community through engagement with the arts. We developed an initiative, funded by the Economic and Social Research Council, and carried out an evaluation. The initiative included a programme of online arts-based activities that built upon the work of RAG and provided mental wellbeing support for patients who faced an extended, lonely period of self-isolation. We worked with experienced arts practitioners to identify appropriate activities and developed five workshops and tutorials that were delivered online. We received positive feedback from participants who found the activities to be enjoyable, beneficial to their mental wellbeing and were interested in undertaking further activities online. We conducted interviews with the arts facilitators and identified three themes for consideration when developing online arts activities for the renal community. Participants reported that the activities benefited their mental wellbeing, were enjoyable and provided an opportunity to meet others with shared interests. The arts facilitators reported experiences around accessibility, audience engagement, impact on health and wellbeing and facilitator experience, that should be considered when developing online arts activities for the renal community. This evaluation will inform future work in this area, and the arts tutorial videos developed as part of this project will remain available online for members of the renal community to access.
Use of the Ultrasound Technique as Compared to the Standard Technique for the Improvement of Venous Cannulation in Patients with Difficult Access
Authors: Rodríguez-Herrera Ángeles , Solaz-García Álvaro , Mollá-Olmos Enrique , Ferrer-Puchol Dolores , Esteve-Claramunt Francisca , Trujillo-Barberá Silvia , García-Bermejo Pedro , Casaña-Mohedo Jorge
Published: January 2022

(1) Objective. We aimed to demonstrate that the use of the ultrasound-guided technique facilitates peripheral venous cannulation as compared to the standard technique in patients with difficult access at emergency services. (2) Method. A case–control study, randomized research. Variables were collected from a population with non-palpable or not visible veins, classified into size risk groups for 6 months. In the comparative analysis, the patients were divided into two groups: the cases group was composed of patients to whom the peripheral venous cannulation was performed with the ultrasound-guided technique (UST), while the control was composed of patients with whom the standard technique (ST) was performed. The ultrasound LOGIQ P5 750VA from General Electric Healthcare, with an 11 mHz linear probe, was utilized, along with peripheral venous catheters model InsyteTM AutoguardTM with gauges of 14G to 26G. (3) Results. Seventy-two cases. The use of the ultrasound decreased the time (618.34s ST, 126s UST) and the number of punctures (2.92 ST, 1.23 UST); about 25% of the patients did not have complications with the UST, as compared to 8% with the ST. The use of the ultrasound decreased the pain experienced by 1.44 points in the visual analog scale, as compared to 0.11 points with the ST. The rate of success of the first try with the UST was 76%, as compared to 16% of the ST. The gauge of the catheter increased with the UST, with successful cannulations obtained with 20G (56%) and 18G (41%) gauges. (4) Conclusions. The use of ultrasound facilitates venous cannulation according to the variables of the study. The ultrasound visualization of the vessels is associated with the selection of the catheter gauge. There was no relation between the complications and the depth of the blood vessels.
Pigment-Related Mutations Greatly Affect Berry Metabolome in San Marzano Tomatoes
Authors: Dono Gabriella , Rambla José Luis , Frusciante Sarah , Fabene Eleonora , Gómez-Cadenas Aurelio , Granell Antonio , Diretto Gianfranco , Mazzucato Andrea
Published: January 2022

The study describes the alterations in metabolomic profiles of four tomato fruit mutations introgressed into Solanum lycopersicum cv. San Marzano, a well-known Italian traditional variety. Three lines carrying variants affecting the content of all pigments, high pigment-1 (hp-1), hp-2, pigment diluter (pd), and a combination of Anthocyanin fruit and atroviolaceum (Aft_atv), were selected, and characterized. Biochemical analysis of 44 non-polar, 133 polar, and 65 volatile metabolites in ripe fruits revealed a wide range of differences between the variant lines and the recurrent parent San Marzano. Among non-polar compounds, many carotenoids, plastoquinones, and tocopherols increased in the fruit of high pigment lines, as well as in Aft_atv, whose β-carotene levels increased too. Interestingly, pd displayed enriched levels of xanthophylls (all-trans-neoxanthin and luteoxanthin) but, simultaneously, decreased levels of α-and β-/γ-tocopherols. Looking at the metabolites in the polar fraction, a significant decrease in sugar profile was observed in hp-1, pd, and Aft_atv. Conversely, many vitamins and organic acids increased in the hp-2 and Aft_atv lines, respectively. Overall, phenylpropanoids was the metabolic group with the highest extent of polar changes, with considerable increases of many compounds mainly in the case of Aft_atv, followed by the pd and hp-2 lines. Finally, several flavor-related compounds were found to be modified in all mutants, mostly due to increased levels in many benzenoid, lipid, and phenylalanine derivative volatiles, which are associated with sweeter taste and better aroma. Construction of metabolic maps, interaction networks, and correlation matrices gave an integrated representation of the large effect of single variants on the tomato fruit metabolome. In conclusion, the identified differences in the mutated lines might contribute to generating novel phenotypes in the traditional San Marzano type, with increased desirable nutraceutical and organoleptic properties.
Community’s House and Symbolic Dwelling: A Perspective on Power
Authors: Mora Santiago
Published: January 2022

For anthropologists and archaeologists, the study of cultural change is the greatest challenge. Initially, the subject was considered from perspectives that included too few variables, resulting in an approximation that proved to be incomplete and inadequate. Since the end of the last century, important efforts have been made to document cultural change in a broader context, revealing the variability of the processes involved. These new studies highlight social relations and their changeability as key components to understanding the dynamic of any community or cultural system. This article explorers social and spatial organization based on one such approach, Lévi-Strauss’ “house society”. This analysis results in a view where multiple dwellings may constitute one conceptual “house”. This perspective should facilitate the archaeological investigation of contexts that nurture the power relationships that structure society.