bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Par-delà la muraille
Authors: Lecuppre-Desjardin Élodie
Published: June 2013

S’appuyant sur une longue tradition de représentation politique et sur une culture de la négociation propre à leurs activités commerciales, les villes des anciens Pays-Bas, et particulièrement de Flandre, ont depuis le xii e siècle cherché à s’imposer sur le terrain de la diplomatie internationale. Situées dans une région stratégique, où se heurtent l’autorité féodale française et les intérêts économiques liés au commerce vital avec l’Angleterre, les villes, avec ou contre leur prince, ont construit une part de leur identité sur ces enjeux de pouvoir propres à la politique extérieure. L’article, mettant en lumière les comtés de Hainaut, d’Artois et surtout de Flandre, montre ainsi, du xii e au début du xvi e siècle, la maîtrise et les progrès techniques de la négociation diplomatique en milieu urbain, tout en évaluant au gré des événements le poids des pouvoirs et des contre-pouvoirs dans cet espace où la prospérité économique demeure une ambition politique quasiment exclusive.
Les dates de vendange à Beaune (1371-2010). Analyse et données d'une nouvelle série vendémiologique
Authors: Labbé Thomas , Gaveau Fabien
Published: June 2013

Cet article propose la reconstitution d’une nouvelle série inédite de bans de vendange bourguignons, correspondant à la ville de Beaune de 1371 à 2010. Elle est désormais la plus longue série constituée en Europe et vient compléter les données déjà connues de la série « Dijon » (1385-1906). À la tête d’un vignoble considéré comme plus prestigieux depuis la fin du Moyen Âge, une analyse comparative des deux séries suggère que les pratiques de récolte furent plus constantes à Beaune sur le temps long quant à la recherche de la bonne maturité des fruits. Partant, l’influence du facteur social sur la variation des dates de récoltes y semble légèrement moindre, ce que confirme un meilleur coefficient de corrélation entre ces dates de vendange et les températures franciliennes d’avril à septembre depuis 1676. Comme son analogue dijonnaise, cette nouvelle série transcrit assez fidèlement les pulsations connues de l’histoire du climat depuis la fin du xiv e siècle. Disposant enfin de chiffres véritablement comparables pour une seule et même station entre les périodes récentes et anciennes, on relève que les décennies de tous les records en terme de précocité, et donc logiquement de chaleurs printanières et estivales, sont les années 1540 et 1550. Avec notamment trois millésimes ultra précoces (1540-1556-1559), celui de 1556 formant le record absolu de la série, elles constituent bien un précédent vendémiologique aux années 1990 et 2000. Un « très beau mi- xvi e siècle » bourguignon ?
Leur avant-guerre. Jeunesses socialistes en Isère (1938-1940)
Authors: Dereymez Jean-William
Published: June 2013

De 1938 à 1940, loin de s’étioler, les organisations socialistes, notamment de jeunesse, ont connu une existence dynamique, marquée par des activités régulières, tant « récréatives » que politiques. Les JS constituèrent une pépinière de futurs militants. L’Isère devint alors un des départements où cette vie des JS fut la plus intense. La mobilisation de l’automne 1939 désorganisa bien entendu ces groupes en les privant de cadres. La guerre approchant, ces Jeunesses socialistes, marquées par un pacifisme dont il faut souligner les différentes nuances, peinèrent parfois à mesurer le danger représenté par la politique de l’Allemagne national-socialiste. Comme leurs aînés, qui les considéraient parfois avec méfiance, ils hésitèrent pour finalement choisir, pour nombre d’entre eux, l’Union sacrée devant l’agresseur, pour la liberté et le droit.
Videotaping as a Learning Tool
Authors: Kowalski Karren
Published: June 2013

Philosophically, an assumption exists that equates formal academic education with teaching or presentation ability. Nothing could be further from the truth.

J Contin Educ Nurs
2013;44(6):244–245.
Can Intraoperative Use of Limbal Stay Suture in Strabismus Surgery Cause Epithelial Ingrowth?
Authors: Ullrich Katja , Taranath Deepa , Casey Theresa
Published: June 2013

Epithelial ingrowth has been reported extensively as a result of some corneal procedures and secondary to trauma. The authors describe a case of epithelial ingrowth most likely caused by a limbal stay suture used during strabismus surgery. The pathophysiology of epithelial ingrowth and its differential diagnosis of fibrous downgrowth are discussed.
[J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus 2013;50:e21–e23.]
Congenital Optic Nerve Pit in Trisomy 18
Authors: Villegas Victor M. , Chang Jonathan S. , Hess Ditte J. , Berrocal Audina M.
Published: June 2013

The authors report the first case of trisomy 18 associated with a clinically detectable optic nerve pit. A female infant with a birth weight of 2,150 g was born by cesarean section to a healthy 40-year-old woman at 38 weeks of gestation. Trisomy 18 had been diagnosed by prenatal genetic testing. Ophthalmologic examination was remarkable for bilateral narrowed palpebral fissures with punctal agenesis, corectopic pupils without reaction to light, bilateral inferior peripapillary retinochoroidal hypopigmentation, and significant optic nerve cupping in the left eye with associated temporal optic nerve pit. It has generally been accepted that optic nerve pits are a congenital anomaly. However, the pathophysiological background of optic nerve pits remains unclear and controversial. This is the first clinical and photographic documentation of an optic nerve pit in a neonate and in Edwards syndrome.
[J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus 2013;50:e24–e26.]
Motivational Interviewing: A Tool for Increasing Psychotropic Medication Adherence for Youth
Authors: Hamrin Vanya , McGuinness Teena M.
Published: June 2013

There are serious outcomes to nonadherence to psychotropic medications in children and adolescents, including poor school performance, prolonged duration of illness, increased psychopathology, poor interpersonal relationships, increased psychiatric episodes, and suicide attempts. Medication treatment has demonstrated improved psychiatric functioning and a 50% reduction in suicidal behavior. More than 50% of youth with mental health problems are nonadherent with psychiatric medications. A review of literature examining motivational interviewing (MI) for the problem of treatment adherence in children and adolescents is discussed. MI has great potential to improve psychiatric medication adherence in adolescents. An example of how to implement MI with youth is provided.
Mifepristone as a Therapeutic Agent in Psychiatry
Authors: Howland Robert H.
Published: June 2013

The hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis is the body’s main stress-response system, and cortisol is the major adrenal glucocorticoid hormone secreted in human beings. HPA axis activity and cortisol secretion is regulated by a negative feedback system involving glucocorticoid receptors. Dysregulation of the HPA axis and increased cortisol levels have been implicated in mood, psychotic, and other psychiatric disorders. Mifepristone, as a potent antagonist of glucocorticoid receptors, has been studied or is currently being investigated as a potential therapeutic agent for psychotic depression, posttraumatic stress disorder, and alcohol and cocaine dependence, as well as for mitigating the weight gain associated with the use of antipsychotic drugs and for improving cognitive dysfunction in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. This article will review some of the work in these areas.
Visual Acuity Outcomes in Eyes With Flat Corneas After PRK
Authors: Varssano David , Waisbourd Michael , Minkev Liza , Sela Tzahi , Neudorfer Meira , Binder Perry S.
Published: June 2013

PURPOSE:

To evaluate the impact of corneal curvatures less than 35 diopters (D) after photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) on visual acuity outcomes.

METHODS:

Visual acuity outcomes of 5,410 eyes that underwent PRK from January 2006 to November 2010 were retrospectively analyzed for the impact of postoperative corneal curvatures on visual outcomes. All procedures were performed on a single platform (Allegretto 200Hz excimer laser; Alcon Laboratories, Inc., Irvine, CA). Main outcome measures were postoperative corrected distance visual acuity (CDVA) and loss of CDVA.

RESULTS:

Corneas with a measured or a calculated postoperative flat meridian less than 35 D and those with a measured postoperative steep meridian less than 35 D had worse postoperative CDVA than corneas with meridians of either 35 D or more (
P
⩽ .021). However, the preoperative CDVA was worse in the flatter curvatures in all comparisons performed (
P
⩽ .024). Consequently, the measured or calculated meridian curvature had no effect on CDVA loss (
P
⩾ .074).

CONCLUSION:

Postoperative corneal keratometry values (flat and steep meridians) less than 35 D did not have a predictive effect on the risk of losing visual acuity following myopic PRK performed on the Allegretto 200Hz excimer laser.

[
J Refract Surg.
2013;29(6):384–389.]
Rotation Stability of the Cachet Angle-Supported Phakic Intraocular Lens
Authors: Kermani Omid , Oberheide Uwe , Gerten Georg
Published: June 2013

PURPOSE:

To evaluate the rotational stability of an acrylic angle-supported phakic intraocular lens (PIOL) 12 months after implantation in myopic eyes.

METHODS:

Patients with a history of moderate to high myopia underwent unilateral or bilateral implantation of an acrylic angle-supported PIOL (AcrySof Cachet; Alcon Laboratories, Inc., Fort Worth, TX). All were followed up for 12 months. IOL rotation was assessed using digital overlay of ocular photographs captured within 2 weeks of implantation and at postoperative month 12. The secondary outcomes of refractive power (spherical equivalent, refractive sphere, and cylinder) and uncorrected distance visual acuity (UDVA) and corrected distance visual acuity (CDVA) were assessed preoperatively and again at 3 months after implantation.

RESULTS:

Fifty eyes of 28 patients with a mean age of 32 years were included in this retrospective cohort study. All underwent successful IOL implantation and follow-up. A mean 12-month rotation of 11° was observed (standard deviation: 15.1°, range: 0 to 60°). All preoperative measures (mean) of refractive power improved by 3 months postoperatively (spherical equivalent = −0.35 ± 0.79 diopters [D], spherical refraction = 0.04 ± 0.82 D, and cylindrical refraction = −0.77 ± 0.91 D). Two percent of eyes requiring additional laser adjustment by postoperative month 12, primarily due to corneal astigmatism.

CONCLUSION:

The study findings suggest that AcrySof Cachet angle-supported PIOLs offer moderate 1-year rotational stability. Because this type of IOL also corrects myopia effectively, it appears to be a good treatment option for myopic eyes. However, the rotation that occurs makes it unsuitable for cylinder corrections.

[
J Refract Surg.
2013;29(6):390–394.]
Moderate Keratoconus With Thick Corneas
Authors: Berti Thaís Bacha , Ghanem Vinícius Coral , Ghanem Ramon Coral , Binder Perry S.
Published: June 2013

PURPOSE:

To describe two patients with moderate keratoconus and a corneal thickness exceeding 600
μ
m at the thinnest point.

METHODS:

Case report.

RESULTS:

In the first case, the steepest keratometric power was 51.50 diopters (D) in the right eye and 53.4 in the left eye and the thickness at the thinnest point was 658 and 625
μ
m, respectively. In the second case, the steepest keratometric power was 46.70 D in the right eye and 49.60 D in the left eye and the thickness at the thinnest point was 618 and 608
μ
m, respectively.

CONCLUSIONS:

Keratoconus may develop despite a very thick cornea, reinforcing the idea that biomechanical changes can signify an important factor in the development and progression of this pathology.

[
J Refract Surg.
2013;29(6):430–435.]
Microstructure, Mechanical and Corrosion Properties of Mg-Y-Ca-Zn Alloy for Biomedical Applications
Authors: Bao Quan He
Published: June 2013

Y, Zn and Ca were selected to develop a Magnesium alloy, Mg-Y-Ca-Zn for biomedical application due to the good biocompatibility of Zn and Ca elements. Microstructure, mechanical properties and corrosion properties of the Mg-Y-Ca-Zn alloy have been investigated using both optical and scanning electron microscope. In the as-cast condition, primary α-Mg matrix and second phase are mainly distributed along grain boundary. After solution treatment, the distribution of second phase decreased and after aging, there are many second phases precipitated along the grain boundary and inside the grains. The hardness of as-cast samples was low and increased after solution treatment and aging. An aged sample had more corrosion resistance than as-cast and solution treatment alloys.
Texturing of Magnetite Forming during Long-Term Operation of a Pipeline of 10CrMo9-10 Steel
Authors: Gwoździk Monika , Nitkiewicz Zygmunt
Published: June 2013

The paper presents results of X-ray measurements of the texture of a magnetite (Fe3O4) layer formed on 10CrMo9-10 steel during 100,000 hours operation at the temperature of 575°C (in a flowing medium environment). The formed oxide layer was ≈140µm thick. Measurements of texturing were performed on the oxide surface and also at the depth of ≈50µm from the surface (1st polishing) and ≈100µm (2nd polishing). X-ray studies were carried out using the radiation of a cobalt anode tube, λCo=0.17902nm, for (311) and (400) Fe3O4 reflections, using a radiation beam collimated to φ=2mm. The study was aimed at determination of correlation between the texturing and the structure on the magnetite layer cross-section. A clear texturing of {111} and {111} type for the magnetite in the initial state and after the second polishing was found. Instead, after the first polishing there was a substantial texturing of {034} and {015} type. A different nature of the texture may result from a diversified morphology of magnetite at various depths (caused inter alia by a differentiated temperature on the tube wall cross-section during the material operation), which is related among other things to the crystallites size. The magnetite structure and texture changes can affect the magnetite porosity and cleavage.
Study of Structure and Strain in Au/Cu Systems Using Molecular Dynamics Simulation: X-Ray Scattering Analysis
Authors: Chocyk Dariusz , Zientarski Tomasz
Published: June 2013

The aim of this work is to investigate structure and stress evolution in Au/Cu bilayer systems during deposition. The approach used here is based on an embedded atom method (EAM). interatomic potential database for different metal elements, their alloys and multilayers. We applied the kinematical scattering theory to calculate the X-ray scattering profiles. In this case the X-ray scattering techniques are used for the structural characterization of crystal structures obtained from simulation data. This method was applied to determine the lattice parameters in any directions. The lattice parameters in deposited layers were directly determined by the analysis of X-ray diffraction profiles. Results shows that on the interface of Au/Cu system, the crystalline lattice of Au layer is fitted to crystalline lattice of Cu layer. We found that deformation of the crystal lattice near the interface has a major influence on the stress.
Molecular Dynamics Study of Adatom Size Effect on Stress Evolution in Lennard-Jones Thin Films: X-Ray Scattering Analysis
Authors: Zientarski Tomasz , Chocyk Dariusz
Published: June 2013

Molecular dynamic simulations are used to study the structure and the evolution of stress during the deposition of atoms with different size on the (001) FCC plane. The relative size of deposited atoms is changed in the range from 0.75 to 1.0. To calculate the X-ray scattering profiles we applied the model that is based on the kinematical scattering theory. Deformation of the lattice parameters in deposited layers were directly determined by the analysis of X-ray diffraction profiles. It was found that the crystal lattice near the surface exhibits a major influence on the stress evolution. The deposited atoms form the same structure in entire systems, regardless of the their relative size.
Multi-Technique Approach for Nanoparticles Characterization on a Laboratory X-Ray Diffractometer
Authors: Sommariva Marco
Published: June 2013

There is an ongoing interest in nanoparticles for the unique properties that have applications in a range of fields including catalysis, semi-conductors, gas storage amongst many others. In this study a variety of distinct techniques were applied on the same in-house X-Ray diffractometer. In particular, SAXS, conventional XRD and Total Scattering of nano-sized TiO2 powders were performed, together with in-situ heating experiments. The combination of the results from each technique proves to be a powerful tool for a more complete description of the material.
Two Methods of Studying Structure Perfection of Single Crystal Nickel-Based Superalloys
Authors: Onyszko Arkadiusz , Sieniawski Jan , Bogdanowicz Włodzimierz , Berger Hans
Published: June 2013

The article presents the comparison of two methods: classical X-ray topography and the modern automatic X-ray OD-EFG diffractometer. Both methods were applied to study the crystal orientation of turbine blades of single crystal nickel-based superalloys. The solidification of a hollow assembly structure for 5 various blades was carried out by the Bridgman method at the Research and Development Laboratory for Aerospace Materials at Rzeszow University of Technology using an ALD Vacuum Technologies vacuum furnace. Ceramic moulds made of Al2O3 were used. The alloy temperature during casting into the mould amounted to 1550°C. The specimens for Laue method tests were cut out from the blades at withdrawal rates of 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 mm/min.
Digital Filtering and Shape Identification in the Analysis of WAXD Patterns of Semicrystalline Polymers
Authors: Rabiej Małgorzata
Published: June 2013

Most frequently, the degree of crystallinity of polymers is determined using Wide Angle X-ray Diffraction (WAXD) technique. The method consists in the resolution of WAXD diffraction curve of a polymer into individual crystalline peaks and amorphous halo. This work presents a procedure, which was elaborated to help in a quick determination of the angular positions of crystalline peaks present in the diffraction curve of investigated polymer. The positions of peaks are determined using numerical differentiation. Using these data the computer program WAXSFIT identifies investigated polymer and prepares a set of starting parameters which are used in the calculations of the degree of crystallinity.
Structure of Electrodeposited Zinc Oxide Films on NiTi Shape Memory Alloy for Biomedical Applications
Authors: Kowalski Piotr , Łosiewicz Bożena , Goryczka Tomasz
Published: June 2013

In this study, the electrosynthesis method of the zinc oxide films on NiTi shape memory alloy substrate from zinc acetate solution, has been studied. The optimum conditions for production of the ZnO thin films were found at a voltage of 20 V for 60 s. Experimental data were presented on the deposition process, structure and composition of the ZnO thin films. It was found that depending on the deposition parameters, the structure of the obtained zinc oxide films varies from amorphous to coarse-grained. It was ascertained that the examined electrosynthesis of the ZnO films appears as a useful method for the surface modification of the NiTi alloy towards biomedical applications.
Anti-Twinning in an Ni-Mo-Cr Alloy
Authors: Wróbel Mirosław , Stępniowska Elżbieta , Dymek Stanisław
Published: June 2013

Two morphological types of mechanical twins occur in the microstructure of cold rolled Ni-Mo-Cr alloy: long – passing over whole grains and micro-twins – confined to individual long range ordered domains. Long mechanical twins were only formed in the disordered alloy. Such twins are typical for metals with the face centered cubic structure with relatively low stacking fault energy. They do not form in the grains with twinning prohibited crystallographic orientations, e.g. {110}. Both types of twins were found in an alloy subjected to prolong annealing at 650 °C. The annealing induces long range ordering reaction leading to the formation of ordered domains with the body centered orthorombic crystal structure (oI8). The twins were of type I, type II, compound twins or pseudo-twins, depending on the crystallographic orientation of the ordered phase in relation to the matrix. It was found that twins of such types were formed even in grains with the {110} orientation and result from the anti-twinning deformation. However, in this orientation they were confined to ordered domains rather than developed into the long form crossing entire grains. On the other hand, the long twins of various types were formed in grains with other twinning favoring crystallographic orientations.
EBSD Analysis of Friction Stir Welded 7136-T76 Aluminum Alloy
Authors: Kalemba Izabela , Muszka Krzysztof , Wróbel Mirosław , Dymek Stanislaw , Hamilton Carter
Published: June 2013

This research addresses the EBSD analysis of friction stir welded 7136-T76 aluminum alloy. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the grain size and their shape, character of grain boundaries in the stirred and thermo-mechanically affected zones, both on the advancing and retreating side as well as to investigate changes in the crystallographic texture. Results of texture analysis indicate the complexity of the FSW process. The texture gradually weakens on moving from the thermo-mechanically affected zone toward the weld center. The stirred zone is characterized by very weak texture and is dominated by high angle boundaries. On the other hand, the thermo-mechanically affected zone exhibits a high frequency of low angle boundaries.
Phase Transformation in Al3Ni2 Alloy during Mechanical Alloying and Heating of Milling Products
Authors: Krasnowski Marek , Kulik Tadeusz
Published: June 2013

An elemental powder mixture corresponding to the Al3Ni2 phase stoichiometry was subjected to mechanical alloying in a high-energy ball mill. Products of this process after various milling times were investigated by differential scanning calorimetry. The phase transformations occurring in the material throughout milling and during heating in a calorimeter were investigated by X-ray diffraction method. This study revealed that a metastable nanocrystalline NiAl intermetallic phase was formed during the mechanical alloying process. Heating of the synthesised powders in the calorimeter caused phase transformations, the product of which was an equilibrium Al3Ni2 intermetallic phase or a mixture of NiAl, Al3Ni2 and Al3Ni intermetallic phases, depending on the milling time and the temperature up to which the material was heated.
Powder X-Ray Structure Refinement Applying a Theory for Particle Statistics
Authors: Ida Takashi
Published: June 2013

A new method for analysis of powder diffraction intensity data recently developed by the author has been modified to include the effects of possible statistical errors in the goniometer angle 2Θ. The analytical method is based on the maximum-likelihood estimation. Structure parameters refined by the method for fluorapatite Ca5(PO4)3F, anglesite PbSO4and barite BaSO4 have become closer to those obtained by single-crystal structure analyses than the results obtained by applications of a conventional Rietveld refinement to the same powder diffraction data, similarly to the previous analyses, where the errors in 2Θ are not included. The statistical errors about 2Θ are estimated at Δ2Θ = 0.0030º, 0.00099º and 0.0036º from the powder diffraction data sets of fluoroapatite, anglesite and barite, respectively.
Structure and Properties of Ni-Rich Shape Memory Alloy Subjected to Severe Deformation and Annealing
Authors: Stróż Danuta , Palka Jakub , Lekston Zdzisław , Smołka Agniwszka
Published: June 2013

Ni-rich alloy (50.8at.%Ni) was plastically deformed by compression combined with reversion oscillating torsion. The compression rate was 0.05 mm/s and the torsion frequency and angle were 1,5Hz and ±3°. After the deformation process the specimens were annealed at 350°C/1h (623K/1h) and 400°C/1h (673K/1h). Their structure and transformation characteristic were studied with the use of TEM, X-ray phase analysis and DSC measurements. TEM observation of specimens after annealing at 350°C/1h (623K/1h) indicate presence of highly deformed B2 phase. In the specimen annealed at 400°C/1h (673K/1h) additionally Ni4Ti3 precipitates and the R-phase in the B2 matrix was found. DSC measurements show that the transformation sequence changes for the deformed and then annealed samples from single step B2  B19’ transformation to the B2  R  B19’ on cooling. Also increase of R-phase transformation temperature TR with the decrease of annealing temperature was observed.
Computer Investigations of Features of RHEED Oscillations for GaAs and for Ge
Authors: Mitura Zbigniew
Published: June 2013

During molecular beam epitaxy regular oscillations of the intensity of the specularly reflected beam often occur. The phenomenon of such oscillations is still theoretically explained only partially. For example it is not clear why usually the oscillation phase depends strongly on the glancing angle of the incident beam. However, quite recently interesting results were shown in the literature on the features of RHEED oscillations observed during the growth of Ge layers. The phase of oscillations practically stays constant for a wide range of angles. So in this paper, we show results of RHEED dynamical calculations for Ge. They are presented together with results of calculations for GaAs to make analysis executed more complete. It is concluded that experimental findings for Ge for off-symmetry azimuths can be explained using dynamical diffraction theory employing the proportional model (for which the scattering potential of the layer is determined as the potential of the completed layer multiplied by the coverage).
Microstructural Aspect of Ageing Process of GP91 Cast Steel
Authors: Golański Grzegorz , Kępa Joanna
Published: June 2013

The microstructure of 9% Cr cast steel for advanced power plants, serviced at around 580 − 600°C, after ageing has been characterized. The investigated cast steel was subject to ageing at the temperature of 600°C for 6000 and 8000 hrs. Quantitative TEM analysis of the cast steel microstructure was performed to describe the dislocation density within subgrains, the width of martensite subgrains and the M23C6 carbides parameters (shape and mean diameter). Moreover, the phase identification was carried out using electron diffraction. The results have shown that an increase in ageing time at 600°C temperature is the reason for slight increase in the subgrain size, the size of M23C6 carbides and a decrease in dislocation density within subgrains. The MX particle size was not changed. The Laves phase was identified in the cast steel microstructure after 6000 hrs of ageing.
The Fracture Morphology of Composites with Quasicrystalline Phase
Authors: Bogdanowicz Włodzimierz , Krawczyk Jacek
Published: June 2013

The composites of Al-Cu-Fe alloys with fibrous reinforcement, containing quasicrystals, e.i. crystal-quasicrystal composites (CQ composites) were studied. The composites were obtained in situ by the Bridgman method. The plate-like samples were studied by tensile test performed up to rupture. Tensile fracture surface of composite and reinforcement fibers were investigated. The role of voids on the fracture morphology and the reason of its formation were discussed.
The Study of Local Structure of Amorphous Fe-Co-B-Si-Nb Alloy by Atomic Pair Distribution Function
Authors: Pilarczyk Wirginia , Podwórny Jacek
Published: June 2013

The materials from Fe-Co-B-Si-Nb system have several interesting and useful properties such as high mechanical strength, abrasive and corrosion resistance and good electrical properties useful in many applications, for example: materials for sensors and precise current transformers. The aim of the presented work was to obtain Fe-based alloy in an amorphous state and examination atoms arrangement in its structure which has an influence on material properties. Multicomponent alloy with nominal composition of Fe37.44Co34.56B19.2Si4.8Nb4 was obtained by pressure die casting method in form of plate with thickness of d=1mm. The structure of rapidly solidified plate was examined by X-ray diffraction. This investigation revealed that the studied sample was amorphous. Based on experimental X-ray data the pair distribution function was calculated and discussion on possible atoms arrangement was carried out.
Calculation of Electronic Structure of the K-Phase Cells which are Involved in Thermobarically Induced Epitaxial Growth of Diamond Crystals in High-Carbon Fe-Al-Alloys
Authors: Mekhed Alexander Anatolievich , Andrushenko Vladislav Andreevich
Published: June 2013

Modified unit cell of Fe3AlC (K-phase) that can act as a substrate for a diamond growth was proposed. Spin-polarized calculations were performed to compare electronic structure of carbon atoms in K-phase substrate, diamond and graphite. Standard enthalpies of formation of different K-phase unit cells were calculated and compared with formation enthalpy of modified unit cell of K-phase.
The Specific Heat Capacity and Oxidation Kinetics of NiAl, FeAl and TiAl Alloys
Authors: Piątkowski Jaroslaw , Przeliorz Roman , Jabłońska Magda
Published: June 2013

The specific heat capacity was calculated by DSC and the kinetics of oxidation was determined for alloys from the NiAl, FeAl and TiAl phase equilibrium system. The Ti48Al alloy contained an addition of 2 at.% of chromium and niobium. The highest value of heat capacity had the Ti-Al and Fe-Al alloys. At temperatures above 673K, the Ti48Al alloy showed an anomaly, that is, a lower value of the heat capacity. The change in heat capacity was related with an exothermic reaction. The oxidation of alloys was running according to either parabolic or cubic law. Alloys characterised by high thermal capacity showed a higher gain in weight. The slowest to oxidise was the Ni3Al intermetallic phase.
Characterization of Single-Crystal Turbine Blades by X-Ray Diffraction Methods
Authors: Bogdanowicz Włodzimierz , Albrecht Robert , Onyszko Arkadiusz , Sieniawski Jan
Published: June 2013

Characterization of structure defects in turbine blades is the basis for determination of the overall crystalline perfections. This work presents the possibilities of identifying casting defects by combining different X-ray diffraction techniques. The investigation was conducted on samples prepared from as-cast turbine blades airfoil and tips. It was found that X-ray topograms revealed dendritic structure and macro strain areas. The defects areas which have appeared on topograms were also investigated by X-ray diffraction mapping technique by EFG diffractometer. Additionally, the X-ray investigation was complemented by macro SEM images obtained by stitching several images of microstructure. The X-ray maps of misorientation angle and X-ray topograms revealed deviation between the γ’ direction and the blade axis and rotation of the primary dendrite arm around this axis.
Temperature Analysis of Structural Changes in SrxBa1-xNb2O6 Single Crystals
Authors: Paszkowski Robert , Wokulska Krystyna , Dec Jan
Published: June 2013

Single crystals of SrxBa1-xNb2O6(0.26 a parameter monotonically increases with increasing of temperature, while the c parameter decreases up to the phase transition temperature TC, and the next it begins increasing slowly. It was ascertained that with the increase of the Sr concentration in the studied crystals the changes of the lattice parameters were observed. They can be described according to the following relations: a = - 2.418 • 10-5 x2+ 1.050 • 10-3 x + 12.479 Å and c = - 0.0015 x + 4.0216 Å. Basing on the obtained results the character of the phase transition was able to do.
Synthesis and Characterization of New Bimetallic Pt,Ag/SBA-15 Materials
Authors: Zienkiewicz-Strzałka Małgorzata , Rotko Marek , Pikus Stanislaw
Published: June 2013

This paper reports, for the first time, synthesis and characterization of new bifunctional materials containing platinum and silver ions deposited on mesoporous ordered silica SBA-15. Both types of ions were incorporated on silica surface during adsorption from water solutions containing various amounts of dissolved tetraamineplatinum(II) dichloride and diamminesilver(I) hydroxide or tetraamineplatinum(II) dichloride and diamminesilver(I) chloride complexes. The silanol groups on silica surface play important role in adsorption mechanism and one of the most commonly used technique for their characterization is photoacoustic spectroscopy. This technique provides clear evidence of successfully incorporation two types of precious metal ions (Pt and Ag) on SBA-15 surface. The decomposition process of absorbed complexes was investigated according to high temperature in helium. The products of decomposition were analyzed by mass spectrometer. Obtained results show that decomposition temperature of platinum and silver complexes are quite vary. Similarly mechanisms of decomposition of ligands from silver and platinum complexes are also different. Moreover, the structural and chemical properties of Pt,Ag-SBA-15 samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), nitrogen adsorption-desorption, transmission electron microscope (TEM) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS).
Fractal Analysis of AFM Data Characterizing Strongly Isotropic and Anisotropic Surface Topography
Authors: Bramowicz Miroslaw , Kulesza Slawomir , Lipiński Tomasz , Szabracki Pawel , Piatkowski Pawel
Published: June 2013

This study discusses changes in the value of fractal parameters determined based on functions of structure S(t), generated in different directions of anisotropy of the examined surfaces. The analyzed material consisted of AFM calibration standards TGT1, PG and TGZ1 which were used as models of strongly isotropic and anisotropic surfaces. The topography of the examined surfaces was imaged by atomic force microscopy. The obtained results indicate that all surfaces can be described mathematically to identify fractal parameters in any anisotropic direction.
Re-examining the relationship between the subject agreement morpheme and (in)definiteness in Northern Sotho
Authors: Mojapelo Mampaka L.
Published: June 2013

The grammatical position of the subject noun phrase in Northern Sotho is to the left of the predicate. The subject agreement morpheme is a compulsory link between the subject noun phrase and the predicate. Scholars have examined the role of this morpheme from various perspectives. It is also extensively documented that the morpheme has dual functions. Its primary function is to mark agreement between the subject and the predicate. Its secondary function is pronominal, whereby it is co-referenced to some antecedent. This article reexamined the primary role of the subject agreement morpheme in Northern Sotho in relation to the interpretation of a subject noun phrase as definite or indefinite. This was accomplished by (1) revisiting existing works that are directly or indirectly linked to (in)definiteness and subject agreement, (2) analysing texts that may facilitate discussion on the issue, and (3) relating the findings from previous works to current analyses. The first hypothesis in this article was that when some class 9 subject noun phrases, denoting persons, agree with the verb stem by a class 1 agreement morpheme, the noun phrases are interpreted as definite. The second hypothesis was that although the subject position is considered predominantly topical and definite it may not categorically exclude indefinite noun phrases. Therefore some indefinite noun phrases may also agree with predicates by means of this morpheme.
Localization of Cohomological Induction
Authors: Oshima Yoshiki
Published: June 2013

We give a geometric realization of cohomologically induced

(\mathfrak{g},K)

-modules. Let

(\mathfrak{h}, L)

be a subpair of

(\mathfrak{g},K)

. The cohomological induction is an algebraic construction of

(\mathfrak{g},K)

-modules from a

(\mathfrak{h},L)

-module

V

. For a real semisimple Lie group, the duality theorem by Hecht, Mili{\v{c}}i{\'c}, Schmid, and Wolf relates

(\mathfrak{g},K)

-modules cohomologically induced from a Borel subalgebra with

{\mathcal D}

-modules on the flag variety of

\frak{g}

. In this article we extend the theorem for more general pairs

(\mathfrak{g},K)

and

(\mathfrak{h},L)

. We consider the tensor product of a

{\mathcal D}

-module and a certain module associated with

V

, and prove that its sheaf cohomology groups are isomorphic to cohomologically induced modules.
Can Simple Informational Nudges Increase Employee Participation in a 401(k) Plan?
Authors: Clark Robert L. , Maki Jennifer A. , Morrill Melinda Sandler
Published: June 2013

We report results from a field experiment in which a randomized subset of newly hired workers at a large financial institution received a flyer containing information about the employer's 401(k) plan and the value of contributions compounding over a career. Younger workers who received the flyer were significantly more likely to begin contributing to the plan relative to their peers in the control group. Many workers do not participate in their employers' supplemental retirement savings programs, even though these programs offer substantial tax advantages and immediate returns due to matching contributions. From a survey of new hires, we find that many workers choose not to contribute to the plan because they have other financial priorities. However, some nonparticipants lack the financial literacy to appreciate the benefit. These findings indicate that simple informational interventions can nudge workers to participate in retirement saving plans and enhance individual well‐being and retirement income security.
Round Blue Cell Tumor arising in the Background of Ameloblastic Fibrosarcoma
Authors: Hussain Raza , Loya Asif , Jamshed Arif , Hassan Usman
Published: June 2013

World Health Organization (WHO) blue book of head and neck tumors reports 64 cases of ameloblastic fibrosarcoma and 14 cases of ameloblastic fibrodentinosarcoma/fibro-odontosarcoma. We present a unique case that does not fit into any of the WHO classified odontogenic sarcomas. The patient presented in 2006 with a densely sclerotic lesion arising from the left sphenoid bone, displacing the orbital contents and extending up to the inferior margin of the maxillary sinus. He was treated with left maxillectomy orbital exenteration. He relapsed 6 years later, salvage surgery was unsuccessful and subsequent care was supportive. Histologically the malignant neoplasm showed follicles comprising of peripheral columnar cells lined up in palisaded fashion with hyperchromatic nuclei displaced away from basement membrane. Center of the follicles comprised of spindle-shaped cells resembling stellate reticulum. Intervening areas showed fibrosarcomatous areas. Other areas revealed predominant sheets of round cells having hyperchromatic nuclei, inconspicuous nucleoli and scant cytoplasm. These round cells revealed strong membranous positivity for CD99.

How to cite this article

Hussain R, Hassan U, Jamshed A, Loya A. Round Blue Cell Tumor arising in the Background of Ameloblastic Fibrosarcoma. Int J Head Neck Surg 2013;4(2): 83-85.
Presternal Thyroglossal Fistula: A Rare Case Report
Authors: Rout Manas Ranjan , Mohanty Deeganta , Bobba Kamalesh , Meta Chakradhar , Karri Susritha
Published: June 2013

Thyroglossal cyst is a congenital condition of the neck where the painless swelling is found in the midline of the neck in between the foramen cecum of tongue base and sternal notch. Condition is common in children.

Thyroglossal fistula is either secondary to infection or drainage of a misdiagnosed abscess.

Here we are presenting a case of thyroglossal fistula with its opening over the chest and a cord extending from the hyoid bone to the chest causing restriction of the neck movement. Thyroglossal fistula opening in the chest, i.e. over the sternum is very rare and not been reported in any literatures.

Treatment of this type of thyroglossal fistula is same as other types, i.e. Sistrunk's operation, where tract along with part of the hyoid bone is to be removed to prevent recurrence. We are reporting this case for its rare occurrence.

How to cite this article

Rout MR, Mohanty D, Bobba K, Meta C, Karri S. Presternal Thyroglossal Fistula: A Rare Case Report. Int J Head Neck Surg 2013;4(2):92-94.
Dentigerous Cyst of Mandible
Authors: Aggarwal Priyanka , Sohal Barjinder Singh , Uppal Kuljit Singh
Published: June 2013

Dentigerous cyst of mandible is a rare entity in routine clinical practice. A dentigerous or follicular cyst is formed from the accumulation of fluid between the reduced enamel epithelium and the completely formed tooth crown or in the layers of the reduced enamel epithelium. Pulp necrosis is a commonly observed sequel in traumatized primary teeth and is one of the possible etiologic factors for the development of dentigerous teeth. The dentigerous cyst is found in children and adolescents; the highest incidence is in the second and third decades. This article reports the case of a dentigerous cyst associated with the germ of a permanent mandibular right lower canine. The therapeutic approach included endodontic treatment of the primary tooth and marsupialization of the lesion. In conclusion, with proper case selection, marsupialization might be a good treatment option for conservative management of dentigerous cysts.

How to cite this article

Aggarwal P, Sohal BS, Uppal KS. Dentigerous Cyst of Mandible. Int J Head Neck Surg 2013; 4(2):95-97.
An Anatomical Variant: Low Lying Common Carotid Artery Bifurcation
Authors: Mukherji Srijon , Chauhan Yogendra Singh
Published: June 2013

The common carotid artery usually bifurcates into the internal and external carotid arteries at the level of C3-C4. Injury to common carotid artery during neck dissection is encountered rarly. Knowing the anatomical variation of common carotid like low lying bifurcation would prevent inadvertent injury especially by budding head-neck surgeons. We report a case of 46-yearold male undergoing surgery for carcinoma of tongue with Supraomohyoid neck dissection. He had low-lying bifurcation of the common carotid artery.

How to cite this article

Chauhan YS, Mukherji S. An Anatomical Variant: Low Lying Common Carotid Artery Bifurcation. Int J Head Neck Surg 2013;4(2):105-106.
Expansion of global drylands under a warming climate
Authors: Feng S. , Fu Q.
Published: June 2013

Abstract. Global drylands encompassing hyper-arid, arid, semiarid, and dry subhumid areas cover about 41% of the earth's terrestrial surface and are home to more than a third of the world's population. By analyzing observations for 1948–2008 and climate model simulations for 1948–2100, we show that global drylands have expanded in last sixty years and will continue to expand in the 21st century. By the end of this century, the world's drylands under a high greenhouse gas emission scenario are projected to be 5.8 × 106 km2 (or 10%) larger than in the 1961–1990 climatology. The major expansion of arid regions will occur over southwest North America, the northern fringe of Africa, southern Africa, and Australia, while major expansions of semiarid regions will occur over the north side of the Mediterranean, southern Africa, and North and South America. The global dryland expansions will increase the population affected by water scarcity and land degradations.
A climatology of formation conditions for aerodynamic contrails
Authors: Gierens K. , Dilger F.
Published: June 2013

Abstract. Aerodynamic contrails are defined in this paper as line shaped ice clouds caused by aerodynamically triggered cooling over the wings of an aircraft in cruise which become visible immediately at the trailing edge of the wing or close to it. Effects at low altitudes like condensation to liquid droplets and their potential heterogeneous freezing are excluded from our definition. We study atmospheric conditions that allow formation of aerodynamic contrails. These conditions are stated and then applied to atmospheric data, first to a special case where an aerodynamic contrail was actually observed and then to a full year of global reanalysis data. We show where, when (seasonal variation), and how frequently (probability) aerodynamic contrails can form, and how this relates to actual patterns of air traffic. We study the formation of persistent aerodynamic contrails as well. Finally we check whether aerodynamic and exhaust contrails can coexist in the atmosphere. We show that visible aerodynamic contrails are possible only in an altitude range between roughly 540 and 250 hPa, and that the ambient temperature is the most important parameter, not the relative humidity. Finally we give an argument for our believe that currently aerodynamic contrails have a much smaller climate effect than exhaust contrails, which may however change in future with more air traffic in the tropics.
Cavity ring-down spectroscopy sensor development for high-time-resolution measurements of gaseous elemental mercury in ambient air
Authors: Pierce A. , Obrist D. , Moosmüller H. , Faïn X. , Moore C.
Published: June 2013

Abstract. We describe further development of a previous laboratory prototype pulsed cavity ring-down spectroscopy (CRDS) sensor into a field-deployable system for high-time-resolution, continuous, and automated measurement of gaseous elemental mercury (GEM) concentrations in ambient air. We employed an external, isotopically enriched Hg cell for automated locking and stabilization of the laser wavelength on the GEM peak absorption during measurements. Further, we describe implementation of differential absorption measurements via a piezoelectric tuning element for pulse-by-pulse tuning of the laser wavelength onto and off of the GEM absorption line. This allowed us to continuously correct (at 25 Hz) for system baseline extinction losses unrelated to GEM absorption. Extensive measurement and calibration data obtained with the system were based on spike addition in both GEM-free air and ambient air. Challenges and interferences that occurred during measurements (particularly in ambient air) are discussed including temperature and ozone (O3) concentration fluctuations, and steps taken to reduce these. CRDS data were highly linear (r2 ≥ 0.98) with data from a commercial Tekran 2537 Hg analyzer across a wide range of GEM concentrations (0 to 127 ng m−3) in Hg-free and ambient air. Measurements during periods of stable background GEM concentrations provided a conservative instrument sensitivity estimate of 0.35 ng m−3 for the CRDS system when time averaged for 5 min. This sensitivity, along with concentration patterns observed in ambient air (with the CRDS system and verified with the Tekran analyzer), showed that the sensor was capable of characterizing GEM fluctuations in ambient air. The value of fast-response GEM measurements was shown by a series of GEM spike additions – highlighting that high-temporal-resolution measurement allowed for detailed characterization of fast concentration fluctuations not possible with traditional analyzers.