bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Inheritance of seed weight and growth habit in 10 intercross chickpea (Cicer arietinum) nested association mapping populations
Authors: Lakmes Abdulkarim , Jhar Abdullah , Penmetsa R. Varma , Wei Wenbin , Brennan Adrian C. , Kahriman Abdullah
Published: November 2022

Objective of investigation

Chickpea is a major global food legume for which seed weight and plant growth habit are important yield and harvestability components for plant breeding. This study tested seed weight and plant growth habit inheritance and identified quantitative trait loci (QTL).

Experimental material

A 10 nested association mapping (NAM) populations of chickpea were created from crosses between ‘Gokce’, a cultivar and wild crop relative accessions of Cicer reticulatum and Cicer echinospermum. Families were then developed to the F2:4 generation.

Method of investigation

A 10 families were grown at the Field Experiment Station, Harran University near Şanlıurfa, Turkey during 2019.

Data collection

A 100‐seed weight and prostrate or erect growth habit was scored in the field. Two families were genotyped for 60 single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP).

Result and conclusions

A 100‐seed weight showed polygenic control, and three QTLs were found. Growth habit was controlled by one or two QTLs. The two traits were significantly correlated for five populations. The crop wild relatives of chickpea contain variations at novel loci affecting seed weight compared to the literature.
Neuropsychiatric aspects of long COVID: A comprehensive review
Authors: Kubota Takafumi , Kuroda Naoto , Sone Daichi
Published: November 2022

Although some patients have persistent symptoms or develop new symptoms following coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) infection, neuropsychiatric aspects of long COVID are not well known. This review summarizes and provides an update on the neuropsychiatric dimensions of long COVID. Its neuropsychiatric manifestations commonly include fatigue, cognitive impairment, sleep disorders, depression, anxiety, and post‐traumatic stress disorder. There are no specific tests for long COVID, but some characteristic findings such as hypometabolism on positron emission tomography have been reported. The possible mechanisms of long COVID include inflammation, ischemic effects, direct viral invasion, and social and environmental changes. Some patient characteristics and the severity and complications of acute COVID‐19 infection may be associated with an increased risk of neuropsychiatric symptoms. Long COVID may resolve spontaneously or persist, depending on the type of neuropsychiatric symptoms. Although established treatments are lacking, various psychological and pharmacological treatments have been attempted. Vaccination against COVID‐19 infection plays a key role in the prevention of long coronavirus disease. With differences among the SARS‐CoV‐2 variants, including the omicron variant, the aspects of long COVID are likely to change in the future. Further studies clarifying the aspects of long COVID to develop effective treatments are warranted.
Mechanisms of hydraulic conductivity in the leaf galls of Meunieriella sp. (Cecidomyiidae) in Avicennia schaueriana (Acanthaceae): does vascularization explain the preferred sites of induction?
Authors: Nobrega L. P. , de Sá‐Haiad B. , Ferreira B. G.
Published: November 2022

Intralaminar galls of Meunieriella result from ground tissue proliferation in leaves of Avicennia schaueriana, a typical halophytic mangrove. We tested if the preferred sites of gall induction were the midribs and secondary veins (SV) at the basal leaf portion, where the galls were expected to be largest; and if the vascular system in galls and adjacent regions was altered to favour water supply in galls, thus increasing their growth.

Gall induction sites and gall sizes were quantified according to leaf portions and regions. Anatomical and histometric analyses in vascular and ground tissues of galls and adjacent regions were compared to equivalent regions of non‐galled leaves.

The galls were largest at basal sites on leaves, the midrib and SV. More galls occurred on the apical portion of the leaf, and on the leaf blade and secondary vein regions. Changes in shape and vascular system area, number and diameter of vessel elements were detected in both galls and adjacent regions. Fewer and smaller‐sized vessel elements were observed in regions proximal to the galls and inside them.

Gall size is not related with preferred induction sites, which could be explained by factors such as thermal balance. Alterations in the vascular system indicate reduced hydraulic conductivity in the xylem in the proximal region and inside galls, leading to water leakage to gall parenchyma cells. This compensatory mechanism explains the expansion and proliferation of water storage and spongy parenchyma cells in the galls, explaining the higher growth in more vascularized regions.
A principled approach for BBNJ: An idea whose time has come
Authors: Wagenaar Tanya
Published: November 2022

Healthy ecosystems and the services they provide depend on biodiversity. Considering the catastrophic impact the collapse of ecosystem services would have, particularly on the most vulnerable, there can be no doubt that the loss of biodiversity undermines the full enjoyment of human rights. Because the maintenance of healthy biodiversity and ecosystems is the priority of a regime that provides for the conservation and sustainable use of biodiversity, such a regime supports the full enjoyment of human rights. The ocean provides key ecosystem services upon which humanity depends. As such, the transformation of ocean governance in a way that promotes the conservation and sustainable use of marine biodiversity is necessary to ensure the full realization of human rights. This article assesses the role that principles and/or approaches could play in achieving such a transition to sustainable ocean governance within the context of the new international legally binding instrument for biodiversity beyond national jurisdiction currently being deliberated by the international community, with specific reference to the application of precaution and the ecosystem approach.
On the revealed comparative advantages of Dutch cities
Authors: Brakman Steven , Hendrich Tijl , van Marrewijk Charles , Olsen Jennifer
Published: November 2022

Davis and Dingel explain the distributions of skills, occupations, and sectors across cities. Their model predicts that larger cities will be relatively skill‐abundant and specialize in skill‐intensive activities. This relates the model to factor‐driven comparative advantages. They also develop an elasticity test and pairwise comparison test for the spatial distributional implications of the model. What is not analyzed, however, is the associated structure of trade flows. This next step—the analysis of the structure of trade—is the main contribution of our article. We combine micro‐economic data to analyze how the sorting process of factors of production across cities determines the revealed comparative advantage (RCA) distributions of Dutch cities. We find that (i) the sorting of factors of production across cities is consistent with Davis and Dingel, (ii) RCA patterns differ significantly across locations, (iii) RCA differences can be explained by the interaction of local skill‐abundance and sector skill‐intensity (in line with the factor abundance model), and (iv) the RCA analysis relative to the Netherlands mostly, but not always, coincides with that relative to the world.
Posttraumatic stress disorder and risk of suicidal behavior: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Akbar Rahat , Arya Vikas , Conroy Elizabeth , Wilcox Holly C. , Page Andrew
Published: November 2022

Introduction

This study conducted a systematic review and meta‐analysis of the association between posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and (i) death by suicide, (ii) attempted suicide (AS), and (iii) suicidal ideation (SI).

Methods

The systematic review identified seven studies on PTSD and suicide, 33 studies for AS, and 20 studies for SI. A series of stratified meta‐analyses were conducted to estimate pooled effects, in addition to meta‐regression to investigate sources of heterogeneity.

Results

A higher relative risk of suicide was evident among those diagnosed with PTSD (RR = 2.09 [95% confidence interval (CI): 1.11–3.94]), with strongest associations among combat veterans (RR = 3.97, 95% CI 2.22–7.10). A lower relative risk of suicide among those with PTSD and co‐morbid psychiatric conditions was evident (RR = 0.74, 95% CI 0.63–0.86). A strong association between PTSD and attempted suicide (RR = 4.05, 95% CI 3.14–5.23) and suicidal ideation (RR = 2.91, 95% CI 2.22–3.82) was also found, with a consistently strong association among those with co‐morbid psychiatric conditions and non‐clinical cohorts.

Conclusion

This review found a strong association between PTSD and death by suicide, attempted suicide, and suicidal ideation, and also suicide among veteran populations. Early identification and treatment of PTSD across both clinical and non‐clinical cohorts should be a priority for suicide prevention.
The novel allele HLA‐B*35:564, identified by next‐generation sequencing in a Chinese individual
Authors: Ma Junxia , Liu Keyao , Wang Yan , Wang Linlin
Published: November 2022

The novel HLA‐B*35:564 allele differs from the HLA‐B*35:01:01:01 allele by one nucleotide in exon 3 at position 490.
Discovery of a novel HLA‐C*04 null allele, HLA‐C*04:279N, in a Singaporean individual
Authors: Cho Loise , Cereb Nezih , Lin Py‐Yu , Yang Kuo‐Liang
Published: November 2022

A nucleotide mutation in codon 75 of HLA‐C*04:01:01:01 results in a novel allele HLA‐C*04:279N.
Subduction disruption, slab tears: ca. 1 Ma true collision of an ~30‐km‐thick oceanic plateau segment recorded by Yakutat slab nascent tear magmatism
Authors: Brueseke Matthew E. , Benowitz Jeffrey A. , Bearden Alexander T. , Mann Michael Everett , Miggins Daniel P.
Published: November 2022

Distinguishing the initiation of actual collision from flat‐slab subduction of oceanic buoyant highs along convergent margins is elusive because both can lead to inboard deformation and disrupt magmatic arcs. Volcanoes with nascent tear magmatic signatures provide a means to document both the occurrence and timing of actual oceanic buoyant high collision. There is a ~40‐year debate on when the true collision of the Yakutat plateau began in Alaska. Three newly identified ca. 1 Ma volcanoes with a north‐to‐south trench perpendicular orientation, nascent tear geochemical signatures, overlaying an imaged Yakutat slab tear, provide constraints on the timing of Yakutat collision and slab tearing. The ca. 1 Ma slab tear is coincident with Yakutat slab segmentation, northern continental Aleutian Arc rejuvenation, cessation of Wrangell Arc magmatism, increased collisional zone exhumation and eastern Yakutat trench abandonment. The documentation of nascent slab tear volcanoes may help resolve similar debates in other convergent margin settings.
Alethic pluralism and truthmaker theory
Authors: Akiba Takeshi
Published: November 2022

According to alethic pluralism, sentences belonging to different domains of discourse can be true by having different alethic (i.e., truth‐constituting) properties. Against this pluralistic view, Jamin Asay has recently argued that pluralists' appeal to multiple alethic properties is ill‐motivated because the main advantages of pluralism can already be obtained within the framework of standard truthmaker theory. In response to this objection, this paper argues that Asay's claim does not hold with respect to one of the central advantages of pluralism, namely, the ability to offer a proper understanding of the realism/anti‐realism debate. This is because, first, when simply construed, truthmaker theory can only provide an inadequate understanding of the debate, and second, when construed in certain ways that allow it to avoid inadequacy, it becomes committed to multiple alethic properties.
Experimental Studies of Graphene-Coated Polymer Electrolyte Membranes for Direct Methanol Fuel Cells
Authors: Metzger Nathan , Vlassiouk Ivan , Smirnov Sergei , Mariscal Gabriel , Spragg Ryan , Li Xianglin
Published: November 2022

The two main technical limitations of direct methanol fuel cells (DMFCs) are the slow kinetic reactions of the methanol oxidation reaction (MOR) in the anode and the crossing over of unreacted methanol through the proton exchange membrane (PEM). It is a common practice to use Nafion membranes as PEMs, which have high ion exchange capacity. However, Nafion-based membranes also have high fuel permeability, decreasing fuel utilization, and reducing the potential power density. This article focuses on using graphene-coated (Gr-coated) PEMs to reduce fuel crossover. Protons can permeate across graphene, and thus, it can be employed in various devices as a proton conductive membrane. Here, we report the efficiency of Gr-coated Nafions. We tested performance and crossover at three different temperatures with four different fuel concentrations and compared it to a Nafion PEM that underwent the same test conditions. We found that the adhesion of Gr on to PEMs is insufficient for prolonging fuel cell operation, resulting in Gr delamination at high temperatures and higher fuel crossover values compared to lower temperature testing. The results for 7.5M methanol fuel show a reduction of up to 25% in methanol crossover, translating to a peak power density that increases from 3.9 to 9.5 mW/cm2 when using a Gr-coated PEM compared to a Nafion PEM at 30 °C.
Tribological Behavior of Cu-Based Bulk Metallic Glass Compared to Nickel–Aluminum Bronze in Air and 3.5% Sodium Chloride Solution
Authors: Ji Xiulin , Zhao Jianhua , Jin Juan , Wu Jili , Zhu Weiwei
Published: November 2022

The tribological behaviors of Cu-based bulk metallic glass (BMG) Cu50.2Zr40.8Ti8.5Nb0.5 and conventional nickel–aluminum bronze (NAB) reference material were investigated in air and in 3.5% NaCl solution, respectively. The tribology tests were performed at room temperature using a reciprocating tribometer at a sliding speed of 1 m min−1 against a 6-mm diameter ZrO2 ball. When sliding in air, the friction coefficient of Cu-based BMG decreases with the applied loads (5 N, 10N, and 20 N), and the wear behavior is mainly affected by abrasion, delamination, and oxidation. In particular, the wear-rate of Cu-based BMG is about 22 times lower than that of conventional NAB when sliding in the air under a load of 5 N. When sliding in 3.5 wt% NaCl solution, Cu-based BMG demonstrates better static-corrosion resistance but worse tribocorrosion resistance compared with conventional NAB. Due to the combined effects of corrosion and lubrication caused by the solution, the wear-rate of the BMG in NaCl solution increases at 5 N, but decreases at 20 N when compared with the corresponding wear in air. The tribocorrosion of Cu-based BMG is mainly controlled by abrasive wear and the synergistic effects of abrasion and corrosion. By applying −1.3 V cathodic potential, the corrosive wear-rate of Cu-based BMG at 5 N was reduced by nearly 50%. This work provides an experimental reference for the tribological evaluation of Cu-based BMG in different environments.
Computational Validation That Whiffling-Inspired Gaps Require Less Work for Roll Control Than Conventional Ailerons at High Rolling Moment Coefficients
Authors: Sigrest Piper , Wu Neil , Inman Daniel J.
Published: November 2022

Several species of birds have been known to invert in flight to lose altitude — a behavior known as whiffling. When the bird flies inverted, the flight feathers twist open to create gaps in the trailing edge of the wing, decreasing the lift produced by the wing. Gaps along the trailing edge of an aircraft wing were inspired by the feather rotation mechanism during whiffling, and asymmetrically applying these gaps on only one side of the wing produces a rolling moment due to the lift differential across the full wing. Previous experimental data and analytical estimates showed that whiffling-inspired gapped wings can produce a larger rolling moment coefficient than a conventional aileron, for a fraction of the actuation work. In the current work, we perform a computational study using Siemens STAR-CCM+ to estimate the work required to actuate nine gaps along the trailing edge of a whiffling-inspired wing and compare it to that of a representative aileron configuration. We show that the results of the simulation agree well with the prior experimental results. The results indicated that the work on the entire gap area may be higher than the work to deflect an aileron, however, the analytically estimated work on a smaller, more realistic, area corresponding to a gap cover was substantially lower than the work to deflect an aileron. These results provide evidence that sliding gaps that open in the plane of a wing require less work than deflecting an aileron into the flow for rolling moment coefficients above 0.0139. This computational validation is the first step in determining if smart materials can be used for this type of wing morphing. In all, the whiffling-inspired gapped wings could provide a far more energy-efficient method of roll control for energy-constrained fixed-wing uncrewed aerial vehicles than conventional ailerons, particularly at higher rolling moment coefficients.
Methods for the Rapid Detection of Boundary Condition Variations in Structural Systems
Authors: Li Xuyang , Salem Talal , Bolandi Hamed , Boddeti Vishnu , Lajnef Nizar
Published: November 2022

This study proposes a novel anomaly detection approach focusing on structural components which do not have a baseline model and with complex boundary conditions that cannot be built into a finite element or a digital twin model. The approach uses only sensor collected compressed response distribution data to detect and localize changes in boundary conditions under extreme loading events. The developed methods use unsupervised anomaly detection networks combined with novel data compression algorithms. The deep network collects training data from real direct measured responses of the structural system over time to build a model and then computes the reconstruction errors and identifies anomalies. A simplified gusset plate under variable clamped-clamped boundary conditions is used in this study as preliminary proof-of-concept. In this work, anomalies are induced by changing the connection conditions (boundary conditions) of the gusset plate (e.g. bolts loosening). This study improved the deep learning network performance by incorporating mechanics-based loss functions into the network, fed with experimental data obtained from the distributed sensors installed on the structural element. Results show that the mechanics-based modified loss function significantly improves the identification and localization abilities of boundary condition anomalies and eliminates undesired factors and false predictions.
An Equivalent Circuit Model for the Reconfigurable Ducted Turbine Array Concept
Authors: Erol Nazim , Shan Xin , Bilgen Onur
Published: November 2022

The reconfigurable ducted turbine array concept is an energy harvesting method proposed to reduce the so-called levelized cost of energy extracted from naturally occurring flows (e.g., from wind and water currents.) Duct augmentation is proposed to achieve higher power coefficient than the Betz limit for open turbines, among other (e.g., structural) reasons. Ducted or shrouded hydrokinetic turbines with a contracted throat area can be used to eliminate blade tip vortex, and to potentially increase the flow velocity at the rotor cross-section, consequently speeding up the rotor to improve electro-magnetic efficiency.

In a recent paper by the authors, an equivalent circuit model for a single duct was proposed to understand the effects of geometric design variables of the duct. These variables are contraction ratio, aspect ratio, hub-to-throat ratio, etc. The parameterized circuit model was used to study the flow behavior of the ducted geometry in terms of equivalent resistances. The current paper presents an extended equivalent circuit model by adding the effects of turbulence, gravity, and hydrostatic pressure. The unknown parameters of the equivalent circuit model are identified using three-dimensional computational fluid dynamics simulations, and by curve fitting using the least squares method. The circuit model is then used to identify design variables that result in desirable flow behavior from duct augmentation.
Transitions between field emission and vacuum breakdown in nanoscale gaps
Authors: Wang Haoxuan , Loveless Amanda M. , Darr Adam M. , Garner Allen L.
Published: November 2022

The continuing reduction in device size motivates a more fundamental understanding of breakdown and electron emission for nanoscale gaps. While prior experiments have separately studied breakdown and electron emission in vacuum gaps, no study has comprehensively examined the transitions between these mechanisms. In this study, we measure the current-voltage (I−V) curves for electrodes with different emitter widths for 20–800 nm gaps at vacuum (∼1 μTorr) to measure breakdown voltage and assess electron emission behavior. The breakdown voltage Vb increases linearly with increasing gap distance from ∼15 V at 20 nm to ∼220 V at 300 nm and remains nearly constant for larger gaps; Vb does not depend strongly on the emitter width. Breakdown can proceed directly from the field emission regime. Nexus theory, which predicts transitions between space-charge limited current (SCLC) and field emission (FE), shows that the experimental conditions are in the Fowler–Nordheim regime and within a factor of 0.7 to the FE-SCLC transition. We also present the results of electrode damage by emission current-induced heating to explain the flattening of Vb at larger gaps that was absent in previous experiments for similar gap distances at atmospheric pressure.
Effects of receiving position and shell material on in-band full-duplex underwater communications' self-interference signal
Authors: Liu Songzuo , Zheng Naihua , Lou Yi , Zhao Yunjiang , Liu Xinyu , Qiao Gang
Published: November 2022

Despite the recent intensive research on adaptive algorithms for self-interference (SI) cancellation (SIC) in in-band full-duplex (IBFD) underwater acoustic communication (UWAC), there has been relatively little exploration of how the IBFD-UWAC modem shell affects the SI signal. This paper analyzes the effects of the shell material and the near-end receiver position on the SI signal. The analysis is done with a two-dimensional finite-element model in a free-field simulation environment, which combines the differential equation of motion and the time-dependent solver. The SI signal strength around the modem shell in the far-field conditions is obtained. The simulation and pool experiment results both show that (i) the strength of the received SI signal is lowest when the near-end receiver is on a line extending from the shell's geometric center perpendicularly to its central axis and (ii) a shell material with a high elastic coefficient is more conducive to suppressing the SI signal. A pool experiment showed that changing the spatial position of the near-end receiver and the shell material from aluminum to stainless steel enhanced the SIC performance of the IBFD-UWAC system by at least 12 and 4 dB, respectively.
A Scoping Review of Mixed Methods Research About Physical Activity for Children With Disabilities
Authors: Michaud Mathieu , Harvey William J. , Bloom Gordon A.
Published: November 2022

The purpose of this scoping review was to examine how mixed methods research (MMR) has been applied in adapted physical activity (APA) research about children and adolescents age 5–18 years with a disability. Six electronic databases were searched to retrieve relevant studies published between 2003 and 2020. Sixty-four studies were identified and analyzed. The findings were organized into five categories of interest: publication information, study objectives, mixed methods research design, participants’ information, and data integration. Challenges related to the design and publication of MMR in APA were uncovered, and suggestions for improvement are provided. This study adds to the knowledge of MMR design, and it provides an understanding of the underlying processes and methodological strategies that have guided this approach in APA research. This article will encourage APA researchers to engage in MMR while also aligning future studies with contemporary MMR literature and publication standards.
We Did It: A Content Analysis of Australian and New Zealand Online News Media Coverage of the Bid Process for the 2023 FIFA Women’s World Cup
Authors: Crabill Eleanor , Maddox Callie , Beissel Adam
Published: November 2022

The purpose of this study was to examine online news media coverage of the Australia–New Zealand joint bid to host the 2023 FIFA Women’s World Cup. Following neoliberal feminist theory and a postfeminist framework, the meanings and discourses of women’s empowerment produced in, and disseminated by, Australia and New Zealand’s popular online news media were explored. A content analysis was used to examine 77 domestic online news media articles published in response to the 2023 FIFA Women’s World Cup bid and hosting announcement. The findings revealed that the popular online news media centered on three themes: opportunities for women and girls in sport, legacy outcomes, and commercial benefits. However, there was a clear lack of critical engagement from the news media over the bid’s initiatives, claims, and promises. Only 2.5% of all online news media coverage engaged in meaningful discussion, analysis, and critique of the purported social and economic impacts of the 2023 FIFA Women’s World Cup. This study raises critical questions about the role of Australian and New Zealand (sport) media in (a) serving as a prominent forum through which the As One 2023 bid committee could circulate strategically crafted, preferred narratives regarding the event’s legacies and impacts to manufacture consent and public support for event hosting and (b) propagating a postfeminist celebration of women’s sport mega events that uncritically circulates specious claims of women’s empowerment, participation growth, and commercial benefits of the event.
Differences in Knee Extensors’ Muscle–Tendon Unit Passive Stiffness, Architecture, and Force Production in Competitive Cyclists Versus Runners
Authors: Cesanelli Leonardo , Kamandulis Sigitas , Eimantas Nerijus , Satkunskiene Danguole
Published: November 2022

To describe the possible effects of chronic specific exercise training, the present study compared the anthropometric variables, muscle–tendon unit (MTU) architecture, passive stiffness, and force production capacity between a group of competitive cyclists and runners. Twenty-seven competitive male cyclists (n = 16) and runners (n = 11) participated. B-mode ultrasound evaluation of the vastus lateralis muscle and patellar tendon as well as passive stiffness of the knee extensors MTU were assessed. The athletes then performed a test of knee extensor maximal voluntary isometric contractions. Cyclists displayed greater thigh girths, vastus lateralis pennation angle and muscle thickness, patellar tendon cross-sectional area, and MTU passive stiffness than runners (P < .05). Knee extensor force production capacity also differed significantly, with cyclists showing greater values compared with runners (P < .05). Overall, the direct comparison of these 2 populations revealed specific differences in the MTU, conceivably related to the chronic requirements imposed through the training for the different disciplines.
The Effectiveness of Neuromobilization in Patients With Cervical Radiculopathy: A Systematic Review With Meta-Analysis
Authors: Paraskevopoulos Eleftherios , Koumantakis George , Papandreou Maria
Published: November 2022

Context: Neuromobilization exercises (NE) could be a useful therapeutic tool to induce analgesia and increase function and range of motion (ROM) in patients with musculoskeletal pathologies with neuropathic components; however, the effectiveness of this intervention in patients with cervical radiculopathy (CR) is unknown. Objective: To determine the effectiveness of NE in CR on pain, function, and ROM. Design: Systematic review and meta-analysis. Evidence Acquisition: An electronic search was performed in the MEDLINE, Scopus, PEDro, and EBSCO databases from inception until June 2022. The authors included randomized clinical trials that evaluated the effectiveness of NE against control groups or other interventions that aimed to treat patients with CR. Evidence Synthesis: Seven clinical trials met the eligibility criteria, and for the quantitative synthesis, 5 studies were included. For the studies that compared NE with a control group, the standardized mean difference for pain was −1.33/10 (95% confidence interval [CI], −1.80 to −0.86; P < .01; I2 = 0%), for function with the Neck Disability Index was −1.21/50 (95% CI, −1.67 to −0.75; P < .01; I2 = 0%), and for neck flexion and extensions was 0.66 (95% CI, 0.23 to 1.10; P < .01; I2 = 0%) and 0.47 (95% CI, 0.04 to 0.90; P < .01; I2 = 0%), respectively, with evidence of clinical effectiveness. These findings were based on moderate-quality evidence according to the Grading of Recommendation, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation rating. In studies that compared NE with other interventions, the meta-analysis failed to demonstrate the statistical or clinical superiority of NE. Conclusions: Moderate quality of evidence suggests that NE may be superior to no treatment for pain, function, and ROM in patients with CR. In contrast, NE are not superior to other interventions in the same outcomes, based on low- to very low-quality evidence. More high-quality research is needed to assess the consistency of these results.
Another Decade of Qualitative Research in the Journal of Teaching in Physical Education
Authors: Ison Shelby E. , Richards Kevin Andrew , Hemphill Michael A. , Templin Thomas J.
Published: November 2022

Background: Over the past several decades, scholars have regularly reviewed qualitative research published in the Journal of Teaching in Physical Education, among other outlets, to understand the developing role of qualitative methods in physical education and sport pedagogy. In this review, the authors present a descriptive and thematic analysis of qualitative research articles published between 2009 and 2019, extending previous reviews. Methods: A total of 137 empirical articles were published that included a qualitative component (38.48%). This included purely qualitative studies (28.37%) as well as those using mixed methods (10.11%). Results: Descriptive results include analyses of article classifications, authorship, participants, theoretical/conceptual frameworks, qualitative methodologies, data collection methods, and data analysis and trustworthiness strategies. Inductive analysis of the 137 qualitative containing articles resulted in six themes and corresponding subthemes of research foci. Conclusions: Suggestions for future submissions to the Journal of Teaching in Physical Education are also presented.
COVID-19 vaccination and menstruation
Authors: Male Victoria
Published: November 2022

COVID-19 vaccination causes small changes to menstruation that quickly resolve
The Gaia letters
Writing Gaia
Bruce Clarke and Sébastien Dutreuil, Eds.
Cambridge University Press, 2022. 510 pp.
Authors: Falkowski Paul
Published: November 2022

Contextualized correspondence traces the emergence of a provocative hypothesis
Booming trade in mammoth ivory may be bad news for elephants
Authors: Price Michael
Published: November 2022

Paleontologists are urged to take a stand against a market that may provide cover for continued poaching
Pharmacokinetics of Ceftazidime-Avibactam in Combination with Aztreonam (COMBINE) in a Phase 1, Open-Label Study of Healthy Adults
Authors: Lodise Thomas P. , O’Donnell J. Nicholas , Balevic Stephen , Liu Xing , Gu Kenan , George Jomy , Raja Shruti , Guptill Jeffrey T. , Zaharoff Smitha , Schwager Nyssa , Fowler Vance G. , Wall Alison , Wiegand Katherine , Chambers Henry F. ,   Antibacterial Resistance Leadership Group
Published: November 2022

Scant pharmacokinetic (PK) data are available on ceftazidime-avibactam (CZA) and aztreonam (ATM) in combination, and it is unknown if CZA-ATM exacerbates alanine aminotransferase (ALT)/aspartate aminotransferase (AST) elevations relative to ATM alone. This phase 1 study sought to describe the PK of CZA-ATM and assess the associations between ATM exposures and ALT/AST elevations.
Human Gut Metagenomes Encode Diverse GH156 Sialidases
Authors: Mann Evan , Shekarriz Shahrokh , Surette Michael G.
Published: November 2022

Sialic acids occupy terminal positions of human glycans where they act as receptors for microbes, toxins, and immune signaling molecules. Microbial enzymes that remove sialic acids, sialidases, are abundant in the human microbiome where they may contribute to shaping the microbiota community structure or contribute to pathology.
Transcription Properties of Beta-HPV8 and HPV38 Genomes in Human Keratinocytes
Authors: Rehm Tina M. , Straub Elke , Forchhammer Stephan , Leiter Ulrike , Iftner Thomas , Stubenrauch Frank
Published: November 2022

High-risk HPV, from the genus alpha, can cause anogenital or oropharyngeal malignancies. The oncogenic properties of high-risk HPV are important for their differentiation-dependent replication in human keratinocytes, the natural target cell for HPV.
Cationic Channelrhodopsin from the Alga Platymonas subcordiformis as a Promising Optogenetic Tool
Authors: Idzhilova Olga S. , Smirnova Gulnur R. , Petrovskaya Lada E. , Kolotova Darya A. , Ostrovsky Mikhail A. , Malyshev Alexey Y.
Published: November 2022

The progress in optogenetics largely depends on the development of light-activated proteins as new molecular tools. Using cultured hippocampal neurons, we compared the properties of two light-activated cation channels – classical channelrhodopsin-2 from Chlamydomonas reinhardtii (CrChR2) and recently described channelrhodopsin isolated from the alga Platymonas subcordiformis (PsChR2). PsChR2 ensured generation of action potentials by neurons when activated by the pulsed light stimulation with the frequencies up to 40-50 Hz, while the upper limit for CrChR2 was 20-30 Hz. An important advantage of PsChR2 compared to classical channelrhodopsin CrChR2 is the blue shift of its excitation spectrum, which opens the possibility for its application in all-optical electrophysiology experiments that require the separation of the maxima of the spectra of channelrhodopsins used for the stimulation of neurons and the maxima of the excitation spectra of various red fluorescent probes. We compared the response (generation of action potentials) of neurons expressing CrChR2 and PsChR2 to light stimuli at 530 and 550 nm commonly used for the excitation of red fluorescent probes. The 530-nm light was significantly (3.7 times) less efficient in the activation of neurons expressing PsChR2 vs. CrChR2-expressing neurons. The light at 550 nm, even at the maximal used intensity, failed to stimulate neurons expressing either of the studied opsins. This indicates that the PsChR2 channelrhodopsin from the alga P. subcordiformis is a promising optogenetic tool, both in terms of its frequency characteristics and possibility of its application for neuronal stimulation with a short-wavelength (blue, 470 nm) light accompanied by simultaneous recording of various physiological processes using fluorescent probes.
CONservative TReatment of Appendicitis in Children: a randomised controlled feasibility Trial (CONTRACT)
Authors: Hall Nigel J , Eaton Simon , Sherratt Frances C , Reading Isabel , Walker Erin , Chorozoglou Maria , Beasant Lucy , Wood Wendy , Stanton Michael , Corbett Harriet , Rex Dean , Hutchings Natalie , Dixon Elizabeth , Grist Simon , Crawley Esther M , Young Bridget , Blazeby Jane M
Published: November 2022

Objective

To establish the feasibility of a multicentre randomised controlled trial to assess the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of a non-operative treatment pathway compared with appendicectomy in children with uncomplicated acute appendicitis.

Design

Feasibility randomised controlled trial with embedded qualitative study to inform recruiter training to optimise recruitment and the design of a future definitive trial.

Setting

Three specialist paediatric surgery centres in the UK.

Patients

Children (aged 4–15 years) with a clinical diagnosis of uncomplicated acute appendicitis.

Interventions

Appendicectomy or a non-operative treatment pathway (comprising broad-spectrum antibiotics and active observation).

Main outcome measures

Primary outcome measure was the proportion of eligible patients recruited. Secondary outcomes evaluated adherence to interventions, data collection during follow-up, safety of treatment pathways and clinical course.

Results

Fifty per cent of eligible participants (95% CI 40 to 59) approached about the trial agreed to participate and were randomised. Repeated bespoke recruiter training was associated with an increase in recruitment rate over the course of the trial from 38% to 72%. There was high acceptance of randomisation, good patient and surgeon adherence to trial procedures and satisfactory completion of follow-up. Although more participants had perforated appendicitis than had been anticipated, treatment pathways were found to be safe and adverse event profiles acceptable.

Conclusion

Recruitment to a randomised controlled trial examining the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of a non-operative treatment pathway compared with appendicectomy for the treatment of uncomplicated acute appendicitis in children is feasible.

Trial registration number

NCT15830435.
Pulmonary mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma associated with coeliac disease
Authors: McNally Emma , Cronje Lani , Fabre Aurelie , Moloney Eddie
Published: November 2022

Pulmonary mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (pMALT) lymphomas are rare, representing <1% of lung malignancies. An association between pMALT and autoimmune conditions has been described, but there is a paucity of documented cases linked to coeliac disease. We present the case of a patient with a history of coeliac disease who presented with weight loss but no respiratory symptoms. CT revealed diffuse endobronchial opacities with associated bronchial dilation and pulmonary nodules. Bronchoscopy confirmed widespread polypoid endobronchial lesions. Histology demonstrated diffuse lymphoid infiltrate which stained positive for CD20. Clonality studies confirmed low grade B cell MALT lymphoma. She was treated with anti CD20 monoclonal antibody, rituximab. Prognosis of pMALT is good with 5-year survival >80%. Thus, an index of suspicion and early detection are vital. This case highlights that pMALT should be considered in patients with non-specific symptoms and coeliac disease. Bronchoscopy is a valuable diagnostic tool to be used in these cases.
Adult progeria: a new mutation in the WRN gene
Authors: Rocha Margarida Lucas , Chicharo Ana Teodósio , Sequeira Graça , Teixeira Vitor
Published: November 2022

Werner syndrome (WS), also known as adult progeria, is a rare autosomal recessive inherited progeroid syndrome characterised by multiple features consistent with accelerated ageing. This disease is associated with several rheumatic conditions such as early osteoarthritis and osteoporosis, sarcopenia, soft-tissue calcifications, gout, limb ulcers and scleroderma-like skin features. WS should be included in the differential diagnosis of systemic sclerosis. The diagnosis is clinical, and in 90% of cases, a genetic test reveals a pathogenic variant of the WRN gene.

WRN encodes a member of the RecQ family of DNA helicases and has a role in DNA repair. 86 different pathological WRN mutations have been identified so far. Here we present a case report of a typical WS patient associated with a newly described genetic variant of the WRN gene.
Temperature threshold in the screening of bacterial infections in young infants with hypothermia
Authors: Lo Yu Hsiang Johnny , Graves Christopher , Holland Jamie Lynn , Rogers Alexander Joseph , Money Nathan , Hashikawa Andrew Nobuhide , Ramgopal Sriram
Published: November 2022

Background

Young infants with hypothermia presenting to the emergency department (ED) are at risk for serious bacterial infections (SBI), however there is no consensus temperature to prompt evaluation for SBI among these children. We sought to statistically derive a temperature threshold to guide detection of SBI in young infants with hypothermia presenting to the ED.

Methods

We performed a cross-sectional study of infants ≤90 days old presenting to four academic paediatric EDs in the United States of America from January 2015 through December 2019 with a rectal temperature of ≤36.4°C. Our primary outcomes were SBI, defined as urinary tract infection (UTI), bacteraemia and/or bacterial meningitis, and invasive bacterial infections (IBI, limited to bacteraemia and/or bacterial meningitis). We constructed receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves to evaluate an optimally derived cutpoint for minimum ED temperature and presence of SBI or IBI.

Results

We included 3376 infants, of whom SBI were found in 62 (1.8%) and IBI in 16 (0.5%). The most common infection identified wasEscherichia coliUTI. Overall, cohort minimum median temperature was 36.2°C (IQR 36.0°C–36.4°C). Patients with SBI and IBI had lower median temperatures, 35.8°C (IQR 35.8°C–36.3°C) and 35.7°C (IQR 35.4°C–36.3°C), respectively, compared with those without corresponding infections (both p<0.05). Using an outcome of SBI, the area under the ROC curve (AUROC) was 61.0% (95% CI 54.1% to 67.9%). At a cutpoint of 36.2°C, sensitivity was 59.7% and specificity was 59.2%. When using an outcome of IBI, the AUROC was 65.9% (95% CI 51.1% to 80.6%). Using a cutpoint of 36.1°C in this model resulted in a sensitivity of 68.8% and specificity of 60.1%.

Conclusion

Young infants with SBI and IBI presented with lower temperatures than infants without infections. However, there was no temperature threshold to reliably identify SBI or IBI. Further research incorporating clinical and laboratory parameters, in addition to temperature, may help to improve risk stratification for these vulnerable patients.
MRI lesions can often precede trigeminal neuralgia symptoms by years in multiple sclerosis
Authors: Dilwali Sonam , Mark Ian , Waubant Emmanuelle
Published: November 2022

Background

Understanding when multiple sclerosis (MS) lesions become clinically symptomatic may provide insight into disease pathophysiology. Our objective was to temporally associate lesion formation and trigeminal neuralgia (TN) symptom onset in MS.

Methods

This is a retrospective case series of patients with MS, analysing time difference between TN symptom onset and oldest MRI showing a correlative lesion.

Results

For the 26 patients with MS, a correlative lesion was noted on MRI on average 5±4 years prior to TN symptom onset; 57% had primary or secondary progressive MS.

Conclusions

TN lesions can be present years prior to symptom onset, suggestive of alternative explanations than typical relapses. This phenomenon may hint at alternative pathophysiology of progressive MS in comparison to relapsing-remitting MS.
Randomized controlled trial (RCT) comparing ultrasound-guided pudendal nerve block with ultrasound-guided penile nerve block for analgesia during pediatric circumcision
Authors: Boisvert-Moreau Frédérique , Turcotte Bruno , Albert Natalie , Singbo Narcisse , Moore Katherine , Boivin Ariane
Published: November 2022

Introduction

Optimal analgesia for circumcision is still debated. The dorsal penile nerve block has been shown to be superior to topical and caudal analgesia. Recently, the ultrasound-guided pudendal nerve block (group pudendal) has been popularized. This randomized, blinded clinical trial compared group pudendal with ultrasound-guided dorsal penile nerve block (group penile) under general anesthesia for pediatric circumcision.

Methods

Prepubertal males aged 1–12 years undergoing elective circumcision were randomized to either group. The primary outcome was postoperative face, legs, activity, cry, consolability (FLACC) scores. Our secondary outcomes included parent’s postoperative pain measure, analgesic consumption during the first 24 hours, surgeon’s and parent’s satisfaction, time to perform the block, hemodynamic changes intraoperatively and total time in postanesthesia care unit and until discharge.

Results

A total of 155 patients were included for analysis (77 in group pudendal and 78 in group penile). Mean age was 7.3 years old. FLACC scores were not statistically different between groups (p=0.19–0.97). Surgeon satisfaction was higher with group pudendal (90.8% vs 56.6% optimal, p<0.01). Intraoperative hemodynamic changes (>20% rise of heart rate or blood pressure) were higher in group pudendal (33.8% vs 9.0%, p<0.01) as was intraoperative fentanyl use (1.3 vs 1.0 μg/kg, p<0.01). Other secondary outcomes were not statistically different.

Discussion

Both ultrasound-guided blocks, performed under general anesthesia, provide equivalent postoperative analgesia for pediatric circumcision as evidenced by low pain scores and opioid consumption. Surgeon satisfaction was higher in the pudendal group.

Trial registration number

NCT03914365.
Scoping review of early pain-related outcome domains and measurement instruments after degenerative lumbar spine surgery
Authors: van de Wijgert Ilse H , de Groot Jantina C , Rood Akkie , Spruit Maarten , Vissers Kris C P , Fenten Maaike GE , van Hooff Miranda L
Published: November 2022

Background

Optimization of perioperative pain interventions in lumbar spine surgery could reduce the incidence of acute and persistent postoperative pain and opioid consumption. Standardization in early outcome measurement provides a solid foundation for future clinical and research practices and should be integrated in core outcome sets for long-term treatment outcome evaluations. This scoping review provides an overview of outcomes used when evaluating early perioperative pain interventions after lumbar spine surgery.

Objectives

To create an overview of outcome domains and measurement instruments previously used in research on perioperative pain management for degenerative lumbar spine surgery.

Evidence review

A scoping review was performed to identify articles comprising outcome evaluations in adult patients who undergo degenerative lumbar spine surgery, mentioning perioperative pain interventions. 75 articles were included for review. Data on study characteristics, outcome domains and measurement instruments were extracted and structured using the three-tiered hierarchy of Porter.

Findings

12 outcome domains were identified: pain intensity (93.3%), adverse events (76%), analgesic consumption (70.7%), length of stay (52%), patient satisfaction (24%), daily functioning (22.7%), (early) mobilization (22.7%), quality of life (12%), mortality (9.3%), quality of recovery (6.7%), physical function (4%), and quality of sleep (2.7%). 63 corresponding measurement instruments were found.

Conclusions

This review portrays an extensive overview of outcome measurements used in perioperative pain management in lumbar spine surgery. A lack of consensus on the set of indicators exists. This scoping review is a call for action to create consensus on how to evaluate perioperative pain interventions in degenerative lumbar spine surgery.