bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Highly Efficient and Stereoselective N‐Vinylation of Oxiranecarboxamides and Unprecedented 8‐endo‐Epoxy‐arene Cyclization: Expedient and Biomimetic Synthesis of Some Clausena Alkaloids.
Authors: Yang Luo , Deng Gang , Wang De‐Xian , Huang Zhi‐Tang , Zhu Jie‐Ping , Wang Mei‐Xiang
Published: July 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Anionic [4 + 2] Cycloaddition Strategy in the Regiospecific Synthesis of Carbazoles: Formal Synthesis of Ellipticine and Murrayaquinone A.
Authors: Mal Dipakranjan , Senapati Bidyut Kumar , Pahari Pallab
Published: July 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
A Novel Divergent Synthesis of ortho‐Hydroxy‐E and ‐F Oxide‐Bridged 5‐Phenylmorphans.
Authors: Zezula Josef , Jacobson Arthur E. , Rice Kenner C.
Published: July 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Four New Topological Indices Based on the Molecular Path Code.
Authors: Balaban Alexandru T. , Beteringhe Adrian , Constantinescu Titus , Filip Petru A. , Ivanciuc Ovidiu
Published: July 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Novel Approach for the Numerical Characterization of Molecular Chirality.
Authors: Natarajan Ramanathan , Basak Subhas C. , Neumann Terence S.
Published: July 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Molecules in silico: A Graph Description of Chemical Reactions.
Authors: Kerber Adalbert , Laue Reinhard , Meringer Markus , Ruecker Christoph
Published: July 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Long‐Distance Structural Consequences of H‐Bonding. How H‐Bonding Affects Aromaticity of the Ring in Variously Substituted Aniline/Anilinium/Anilide Complexes with Bases and Acids.
Authors: Szatylowicz Halina , Krygowski Tadeusz M. , Zachara‐Horeglad Joanna E.
Published: July 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Numerical Kekule Structures of Fullerenes and Partitioning of π‐Electrons to Pentagonal and Hexagonal Rings.
Authors: Randic Milan , Kroto Harry W. , Vukicevic Damir
Published: July 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
From Molecular to Biological Structure and Back.
Authors: Bonchev Danail , Buck Gregory A.
Published: July 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
QSAR Study of Antimicrobial Activity of Some 3‐Nitrocoumarins and Related Compounds.
Authors: Debeljak Zeljko , Skrbo Armin , Jasprica Ivona , Mornar Ana , Plecko Vanda , Banjanac Mihajlo , Medic‐Saric Marica
Published: July 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Ensemle Feature Selection: Consistent Descriptor Subsets for Multiple QSAR Models.
Authors: Dutta Debojyoti , Guha Rajarshi , Wild David , Chen Ting
Published: July 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
A Novel Logic‐Based Approach for Quantitative Toxicology Prediction.
Authors: Amini Ata , Muggleton Stephen H. , Lodhi Huma , Sternberg Michael J. E.
Published: July 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Inorganic Sensing Using Organofunctional Sol—Gel Materials
Authors: Carrington Nathan A. , Xue Zi‐Ling
Published: July 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Recent Advances in the Hauser Annulation
Authors: Mal Dipakranjan , Pahari Pallab
Published: July 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Synthesis and Conformational and Biological Aspects of Carbasugars
Authors: Arjona Odon , Gomez Ana M. , Lopez J. Cristobal , Plumet Joaquin
Published: July 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Constraining Molecules at the Closest Approach: Chemistry at High Pressure
Authors: Schettino Vincenzo , Bini Roberto
Published: July 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Approaching the Megadalton: NMR Spectroscopy of Protein Complexes
Authors: Luy Burkhard
Published: July 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Application of Electronic Circular Dichroism in Configurational and Conformational Analysis of Organic Compounds
Authors: Berova Nina , Di Bari Lorenzo , Pescitelli Gennaro
Published: July 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Cambodian cancer incidence rates in California and Washington, 1998–2002
Authors: Kem Ravie , Chu Kenneth C.
Published: July 2007

BACKGROUND.

Among the many diverse Asian ethnic groups living in the US, Cambodian immigrants comprise a small fraction (1.8%) of the total Asian population. Because of their small numbers, Cambodian vital statistics are often combined into Southeast Asian (SA) cancer data consisting of Vietnamese, Thais, Laotians, and Hmong.

METHODS.

The 2000 Census counts were used for 2 Cambodian populations, Cambodians alone and Cambodians alone and in combination with any other racial/ethnic group for California and for Seattle (Puget Sound area), Washington. Then the cancer incidence rates were calculated using cancer cases from the California and Puget Sound cancer registries between 1998–2002. The 1998–2002 annual age‐adjusted incidence rates, upper bound rates (based on the Cambodian alone population), lower bound rates (based on the Cambodians alone or in combination population) are reported and compared with the rates in the non‐Hispanic White (NHW) population in these regions.

RESULTS.

The top 5 cancers in Cambodian males are lung and bronchus, liver, prostate, colorectal, and stomach cancers. The sites where the rates are higher in male Cambodians than NHW males are (in ascending rank) nasopharynx, liver, stomach, myeloma, and lung and bronchus. The top 5 cancers for female Cambodians are breast, lung, colon and rectum, cervix, and thyroid. The sites where female rates are greater than NHW female rates are (in ascending rank) nasopharynx, liver, stomach, cervix uteri, oral cavity, and thyroid.

CONCLUSIONS.

The challenges to address the health issues of Cambodians are complicated by historical events that caused their emigration to the US. Many of the immigrants are survivors of the holocaust in Cambodia. Health programs for Cambodians must deal with the consequences of these issues as well as cultural issues of language and religion in helping Cambodians to reduce their cancer disparities. Cancer 2007. © 2007 American Cancer Society.
P2PPerf: a framework for simulating and optimizing peer‐to‐peer‐distributed computing applications
Authors: Ernst‐Desmulier J.‐B. , Bourgeois Julien , Spies François
Published: July 2007

Peer‐to‐peer paradigm is more and more studied by the distributed computing community. Indeed, this type of architecture has interesting properties like the absence of centralized topology, fault tolerance or dynamic reorganization of the network. However, managing these networks is complex and the acceleration of the distributed applications is not ensured. That is why it is necessary to predict the performance as soon as possible in design and development phases, to bypass bottlenecks and to correct part of the applications that slow down the execution time. In this context, we propose P2PPerf: a simulation tool that aims at predicting performance and the execution time of a distributed application before its finalization. P2PPerf has been tested on JNGI: a P2P distributed computing application using the JXTA platform. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The determinants and characteristics of voluntary disclosure by Indian banking companies
Authors: Hossain Mohammed , Reaz Masrur
Published: July 2007

This study reports the results of an empirical investigation of the extent of voluntary disclosure by 38 listed banking companies in India. It also reports the results of the association between company specific characteristics and voluntary disclosure of the sample companies. The study reveals that Indian banks are disclosing a considerable amount of voluntary information. The findings also indicate that size and assets‐in‐place are significant and other variables such as age, diversification, board composition, multiple exchange listing and complexity of business are insignificant in explaining the level of disclosure. However, this paper has contributed to the academic literature that financial institutions provide voluntary corporate information including social information as discharging their social responsibility and corporate citizenship. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment.
Evaluating social performance in the context of an ‘audit culture’: a pilot social review of a gold mine in Papua New Guinea
Authors: Macintyre Martha , Mee Wendy , Solomon Fiona
Published: July 2007

The growth of sustainable development frameworks that emphasize the social dimension has created a need for new approaches to evaluate social performance. The paper describes the design and pilot of a social review conducted at the Lihir Gold Mine in Papua New Guinea. The aim was to investigate more integrated measures – understood as combining qualitative and quantitative measures, and bridging international and local community standards – of social performance. The paper discusses the demands of time and resources placed on a range of stakeholders as part of a review. It then identifies impediments to developing integrated approaches, and analyses these with reference to Power's (1999, 2003) discussion of an emerging audit culture, which focuses on management systems rather than first‐order questions of quality and performance. The authors conclude that, while an audit culture influenced this pilot study, an integrated approach on these two dimensions remains an achievable goal. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment.
A multi‐model approach to simultaneous segmentation and classification of heterogeneous populations of cell nuclei in 3D confocal microscope images
Authors: Lin Gang , Chawla Monica K. , Olson Kathy , Barnes Carol A. , Guzowski John F. , Bjornsson Christopher , Shain William , Roysam Badrinath
Published: July 2007

Automated segmentation and morphometry of fluorescently labeled cell nuclei in batches of 3D confocal stacks is essential for quantitative studies. Model‐based segmentation algorithms are attractive due to their robustness. Previous methods incorporated a single nuclear model. This is a limitation for tissues containing multiple cell types with different nuclear features. Improved segmentation for such tissues requires algorithms that permit multiple models to be used simultaneously. This requires a tight integration of classification and segmentation algorithms. Two or more nuclear models are constructed semiautomatically from user‐provided training examples. Starting with an initial over‐segmentation produced by a gradient‐weighted watershed algorithm, a hierarchical fragment merging tree rooted at each object is built. Linear discriminant analysis is used to classify each candidate using multiple object models. On the basis of the selected class, a Bayesian score is computed. Fragment merging decisions are made by comparing the score with that of other candidates, and the scores of constituent fragments of each candidate. The overall segmentation accuracy was 93.7% and classification accuracy was 93.5%, respectively, on a diverse collection of images drawn from five different regions of the rat brain. The multi‐model method was found to achieve high accuracy on nuclear segmentation and classification by correctly resolving ambiguities in clustered regions containing heterogeneous cell populations. © 2007 International Society for Analytical Cytology
Identification and characterization of a novel nonsecosteroidal vitamin D receptor ligand
Authors: Chen Fang , Su Qin , Torrent Maricel , Wei Nan , Peekhaus Norbert , McMasters Daniel , Fisher John , Glantschnig Helmut , Hodor Paul , Flores Osvaldo , Reszka Alfred
Published: July 2007

Vitamin D receptor (VDR) and its ligands play important roles in mineral/skeletal homeostasis, cell proliferation/differentiation, and modulation of immune responses. VDR ligands make attractive candidates for the treatment/prevention of osteoporosis, psoriasis, and cancer. The major issue with current analogs is hypercalcemia. As nonsteroidal therapeutic agents with fewer side effects have been made for androgen and estrogen receptors, nonsecosteroidal VDR ligands possessing beneficial effects may also be possible. Here we present a novel podocarpic acid‐based nonsecosteroidal VDR ligand (VDRL‐1). VDRL‐1 bound to VDR with a Ki of ∼1.3 µM in competition binding assays. Data from binding and molecular docking suggest that VDRL‐1 interacts with the same binding pocket as 1α,25‐(OH)2 vitamin D3 (1,25‐D3). In cell‐based transcription assays, VDRL‐1 reached the same maximal activity as 1,25‐D3, albeit with an EC50 ∼1.0 µM. Likewise, VDRL‐1 was a full agonist in suppressing proliferation of several human cancer cells. Microarrays demonstrated that VDRL‐1 exerted a near identical expression pattern to that of 1,25‐D3 in several human cancer cells. Taqman analysis of known and novel VDR‐regulated genes showed that VDRL‐1 was a full agonist on osteocalcin (OC), CYP24A1, and other genes. It exerted partial agonist activity on G0/G1 switch gene 2 (G0S2). Furthermore, VDRL‐1 could be a full or partial agonist of calcium transporter 1 (TRPV6) expression and partially antagonized 1,25‐D3 in cells where it partially regulated TRPV6. Thus, the current study describes a novel nonsecosteroidal VDR ligand that behaves mostly like 1,25‐D3, but possesses unique characteristics. Drug Dev Res 68:51‐60, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The histone deacetylase inhibitor MS‐275 induces p21WAF1/Cip1 expression in human Hep3B hepatoma cells
Authors: Zhang Haiyuan , Chen Ping , Bai Shujun , Huang Canhua
Published: July 2007

MS‐275 is a novel synthetic benzamide derivative histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor, that has demonstrated antiproliferative activity in a variety of in vitro human cancer cell lines including breast, colon, lung, myeloma, ovary, pancreas, prostate, and leukemia. Currently, little information is available concerning the effects of MS‐275 on liver cancer cells. In the current study, MS‐275 was found to have potent actions against human hepatoma Hep3B cells including inhibition of cell proliferation and induction of apoptosis. MS‐275 selectively up‐regulated a cyclin‐dependent kinase inhibitor, p21WAF1/Cip1 without alteration of p27WAF1. Expression of p21WAF1/Cip1 is considered to play a pivotal role in Hep3B cell growth arrest and induction of apoptosis. Induction of p21WAF1/Cip1 expression was accompanied by an accumulation of acetylated histones H3 and H4 associated specifically with p21WAF1/Cip1 gene. ChIP analysis revealed remarkable alterations in protein components bound to the promoter region of p21WAF1/Cip1 gene in response to MS‐275 treatment. These included the degradation of HDAC1, HDAC3, and c‐Myc, and as well as increased p300 and RNA polymerase II. The selective effect of MS‐275 on the up‐regulation of the p21WAF1/Cip1 gene whose expression was suppressed in the hepatoma cancer cell line indicated that it would be a very attractive approach in clinical liver cancer therapy. Drug Dev Res 68:61–70, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Effects of the Chinese herb component phellopterin on the increase in cytosolic free calcium in PC12 cells
Authors: Li Hai‐Tao , He Ling , Qiu Jia‐Bin
Published: July 2007

The present study investigated the effects of the Chinese Herb component, phellopterin on high K+ and glutamate‐induced extracellular calcium influx and caffeine or cyclopiazonic acid (CPA)‐induced calcium release from internal stores in attached PC12 cells. Attached cells were loaded with the calcium fluorescent indicator Fluo‐3/AM with the final concentration of 5 µM for 50 min at 37°C and cytosolic free Ca2+ measured as fluorescent intensity (FI) (excitation: 488 nm; emission: 535 nm). When PC12 cells were exposed to extracellular Ca2+([Ca2+]0) 2.0 mM, the FI for resting [Ca2+]i was 1,188±163, high K+ (75 mM) and glutamate (10 mM) induced an increase in [Ca2+]i with peak values of 4,270±982 and 3,096±402, respectively. Phellopterin (0.1–100 µM) had no apparent effect on resting [Ca2+]i, but inhibited high K+ and glutamate induced the increase in [Ca2+]i in a dose‐dependent manner. When PC12 cells were exposed to Ca2+‐free solution, the FI for resting [Ca2+]i was 804±77. Caffeine (40 mM) and CPA (30 µM) stimulated Ca2+ release from caffeine‐ryanodine and inositol 1,4,5‐tris‐phosphate (InsP3)‐sensitive internal calcium stores, inducing an increase in [Ca2+]i to 2,938±362 and 1,816±291, respectively. Phellopterin (0.1–100 µmol/L) inhibited caffeine and CPA stimulated intracellular calcium release in a dose‐dependent manner. In summary, phellopterin, a novel component isolated from Changii radix, inhibited Ca2+ influx induced by stimulation of voltage‐gated and receptor‐dependent calcium channels with a greater inhibition of receptor‐dependent calcium channels. It also inhibited Ca2+ release from caffeine‐ryanodine and InsP3‐sensitive internal stores, being more potent for caffeine stimulation. Phellopterin may be a promising candidate for the development of new classes of calcium antagonists. Drug Dev Res 68:79–83, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Extrinsic versus intrinsic cues in avian paraxial mesoderm patterning and differentiation
Authors: Bothe Ingo , Ahmed Mohi U. , Winterbottom Farrah L. , von Scheven Gudrun , Dietrich Susanne
Published: July 2007

Somitic and head mesoderm contribute to cartilage and bone and deliver the entire skeletal musculature. Studies on avian somite patterning and cell differentiation led to the view that these processes depend solely on cues from surrounding tissues. However, evidence is accumulating that some developmental decisions depend on information within the somitic tissue itself. Moreover, recent studies established that head and somitic mesoderm, though delivering the same tissue types, are set up to follow their own, distinct developmental programmes. With a particular focus on the chicken embryo, we review the current understanding of how extrinsic signalling, operating in a framework of intrinsically regulated constraints, controls paraxial mesoderm patterning and cell differentiation. Developmental Dynamics 236:2397–2409, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
BMP‐4 and Noggin signaling modulate dorsal fin and somite development in the axolotl trunk
Authors: Epperlein Hans H. , Vichev Konstantin , Heidrich Felix M. , Kurth Thomas
Published: July 2007

BMP‐4, a member of the TGF‐beta superfamily of growth factors, is involved in various developmental processes. We investigated the effects of BMP‐4 and its antagonist Noggin on axolotl trunk development. Implantation of BMP‐4‐coated microbeads caused inhibition of muscle and dorsal fin formation in the vicinity of the microbeads. At some distance, myotomes developed with reduced height but increased width, which was accompanied by increased cell proliferation. These effects could be modulated by co‐implanting Noggin‐coated beads. Immunostaining of Pax7 further revealed that although the dermomyotome was absent in the vicinity of BMP‐4‐coated beads, at some distance from them, it was thicker than in controls, indicating that moderate amounts of BMP‐4 stimulate this layer of undifferentiated cells. In contrast, Noggin generally inhibited the dermomyotome, possibly indicating premature differentiation of dermomyotome cells. We conclude that BMP‐4 and Noggin are involved in the regulation of cell proliferation and differentiation during somite development. Developmental Dynamics 236:2464–2474, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Flipping the switch: How a sperm activates the egg at fertilization
Authors: Parrington John , Davis Lianne C. , Galione Antony , Wessel Gary
Published: July 2007

Sperm interaction with an egg in animals was first documented 160 years ago in sea urchins by Alphonse Derbès (1847) when he noted the formation of an “envelope” following the sperm's “approach” to the egg. The “envelope” in sea urchins is an obvious phenotype of fertilization in this animal and over the past 35 years has served to indicate a presence of calcium released from cytoplasmic stores essential to activate the egg. The mechanism of calcium release has been intensely studied because it is a universal regulator of cellular activity, and recently several intersecting pathways of calcium release have been defined. Here we examine these various mechanisms with special emphasis on recent work in eggs of both sea urchins and mice. Developmental Dynamics 236:2027–2038, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Conditional alleles of Msx1 and Msx2
Authors: Fu Hualin , Ishii Mamoru , Gu Ying , Maxson Robert
Published: July 2007

The msh‐related homeobox genes, Msx1 and Msx2, have a variety functions during murine organogenesis, Msx1 in the development of the palate and teeth, Msx2 in the skull, teeth, and skin. Msx1 mutants die perinatally. Compound Msx1‐2 mutants do not survive past late gestation. The multiplicity of functions of Msx1 and 2, as well as the lethality of Msx1 and Msx1‐2 mutants limits the utility of the conventional knockouts. We therefore produced conditional alleles of Msx1 and Msx2. We constructed targeting vectors with LoxP sites flanking the homeodomain‐encoding second exons and Frt sites flanking a neo gene. These vectors were used to produce targeted ES cells and mice with floxed alleles. The functionality of the LoxP sites in the floxed alleles was established by crosses with K14‐Cre mice (epidermis‐specific), and with an Msx2‐Cre line that produces a germline deletion. Analysis of progeny by PCR revealed correct Cre‐mediated recombination, as well as expected phenotypes. genesis 45:477–481, 2007. Published 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Echo canceler algorithm for adaptive Volterra filters in double talk states
Authors: Takeichi Kaichiro , Furukawa Toshihiro , Mimura Masayoshi , Yoshimoto Sadanobu
Published: July 2007

In an acoustic echo canceler, it is necessary to consider the nonlinearity of an echo path in order to attenuate an echo signal conventionally, and various methods using adaptive Volterra filters have been proposed. Many of those methods have not resulted in a decisive solution about the double talk states in a nonlinear acoustic echo canceler. In this paper, we propose an echo canceler algorithm for adaptive Volterra filters using the idea of the OECLMS (Orthogonal Expanded Correlation Least Mean Squares) algorithm in consideration of the double talk problem. The convergence speed of the proposed method is improved by using Gram‐Schmidt orthogonalization for the input signal. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 161(2): 42– 51, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.20369
Impacts of ubiquitous technology advances on energy consumption in Japan
Authors: Matsumoto Mitsutaka , Hamano Junko , Tamura Tetsuya , Iguchi Hiroto
Published: July 2007

We created a mathematical model of the Japanese economy using a macro‐economic modeling framework called a computable general equilibrium model. We used the model to estimate the impacts of the ubiquitous network technology advances on CO2emissions in Japan. Four scenarios of the ubiquitous network society in Japan in 2010 were selected. The four scenarios correspond to four different levels of ubiquitous society advancement. In each scenario, we estimated electricity consumption by electronics products, the effects of ubiquitous network application systems on improving energy efficiency, and the industrial structural changes induced by the expansion of the ubiquitous network application services market. Our results indicate that advanced ubiquitous technologies would potentially reduce the CO2emissions of the Japanese economy by 2.8%. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 161(3): 22–30, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.20419
Pd(SeO3), Pd(SeO4), and Pd(Se2O5): The First Palladium Oxoselenates
Authors: Arndt Annika , Wickleder Mathias S.
Published: July 2007

Depending on the reaction conditions, the reaction of elemental palladium with H2SeO4 in sealed glass tubes at 350 °C leads to red single crystals of Pd(SeO3) [C2/m, Z = 4, a = 6.788(2), b = 7.030(2), c = 7.008(2) Å, β = 118.09(3)°] or to yellow‐orange single crystals of Pd(SeO4) [C2/c, Z = 4, a = 8.171(1), b = 5.286(1), c = 8.115(1) Å, β = 94.54(1)°]. Yellow‐orange single crystals of Pd(Se2O5) [I2/a, Z = 4, a = 7.212(1), b = 5.569(1), c = 12.177(3) Å, β = 106.84(2)°] are obtained when SeO3 is added to the reaction mixture. X‐ray single‐crystal diffraction shows that Pd(SeO3) consists of layers that are formed by square‐planar coordinated Pd2+ ions and pyramidal SeO32– groups. These layers are held together by weak interactions involving the lone electron pairs of the selenium atoms. The Se–O distances within the selenite ion are different (1.69 and 1.76 Å), in accordance with the different attachment of the oxygen atoms to the Pd2+ ions. The square‐planar [PdO4] units in the crystal structure of Pd(SeO4) are linked by tetrahedral SeO42– ions into a three‐dimensional network. These anions act as monodentate ligands towards the Pd2+ ions, with Se–O distances of around 1.65 Å. The Pd2+ ions in the crystal structure of Pd(Se2O5) are coordinated by two chelating diselenite ions. The Se2O52– ions link the palladium ions into corrugated chains, which are held together by weak interactions only. The IR spectra of these compounds display the typical bands for oxoselenate anions.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2007)
Ferromagnetic Coupling in a Mixed‐Valence Hexavanadate Core: Quantum‐Chemical Forecast
Authors: Zueva Ekaterina M. , Borshch Serguei A. , Petrova Maria M. , Chermette Henry , Kuznetsov Andrey M.
Published: July 2007

The electronic structure and magnetic properties of the recently synthesized VIV/VV mixed‐valence alkoxo‐polyoxovanadate comprising a hexanuclear vanadium core with four unpaired electrons have been studied within the DFT framework. The results of calculations suggest that the d electrons are completely trapped within the hexavanadate core, in agreement with the experimental observations. The exchange coupling constants computed using the broken symmetry formalism appeared to be of a ferromagnetic nature. Such interactions are very rare in oxovanadium complexes and are a consequence of a specific core geometry imposed by the polyoxometalate architecture. It has been shown that the earlier proposed intramolecular electron transfer cannot change the ground spin‐state multiplicity irrespective of the sign of the exchange parameters.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2007)
Surfactant‐Assisted Synthesis and Characterization of Novel Chain‐Like CoNi Alloy Assemblies
Authors: Zhu Lu‐Ping , Xiao Hong‐Mei , Fu Shao‐Yun
Published: July 2007

Novel chain‐like CoNi alloy assemblies with a length of up to 6–7 μm were successfully prepared by a surfactant‐assisted hydrothermal synthetic route at 100 °C for 2 h. The individual submicrospheres built from smaller CoNi nanoparticles had a diameter of about 400–500 nm. These microspheres were then integrated to form the novel chain‐like CoNi alloy assemblies. The effects of synthetic parameters such as surfactant and solvent on the formation and morphology of CoNi samples were investigated. The experimental results showed that N2H4·H2O and CTA+ play important roles in the formation of the novel chain‐like CoNi alloy assemblies. Based on the structural information provided by X‐ray powder diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, selected‐area electron diffraction and energy‐dispersive X‐ray analysis, a growth mechanism was tentatively proposed for the formation of chain‐like CoNi alloy assemblies. Magnetic hysteresis measurement revealed that the chain‐like CoNi alloy assemblies display ferromagnetic behavior with a saturation magnetization of 96.15 emu/g and a coercivity of 144.75 Oe at room temperature. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2007)
Order‐Disorder Phase Transition in Type‐I Clathrate Cs8Sn44□2
Authors: Kaltzoglou Andreas , Hoffmann Stephan D. , Fässler Thomas F.
Published: July 2007

The clathrate compound α‐Cs8Sn44□2 has been synthesized from its elements under inert gas conditions and has been characterized by single‐crystal and powder X‐ray diffraction. At room temperature, it crystallizes with cubic symmetry [a = 24.256(3) Å, space group Ia$\bar {3}$d, Z = 8] and adopts a 2 × 2 × 2 superstructure of the type‐I clathrate and a high ordering of the vacancies (□) in the Sn framework. Single crystals of α‐Cs8Sn44□2 reversibly transform at 90 °C to the high‐temperature β form with primitive symmetry [a = 12.135(1) Å, space group Pm$\bar {3}$n, Z = 1] and a lower ordering of the defects. Differential thermal analysis corroborates the reversible character of the phase transition, which occurs with an enthalpy change of approximately 0.38 J g–1. An atom‐migration mechanism describing the order‐disorder transition involving spiro‐connected six‐membered rings only (scsr mechanism) is proposed. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2007)
Modern Amination Reactions
Authors: Kienle Marcel , Reddy Dubbaka Srinivas , Brade Katja , Knochel Paul
Published: July 2007

The synthesis of functionalized aromatic and heteroaromatic amines has attracted much interest due to their importance as building blocks for pharmaceuticals, polymers, or materials. In this microreview, new developments involving palladium‐, nickel‐, and copper‐catalyzed amination reactions are discussed. The synthesis of functionalized secondary amines or diarylamines by addition of polyfunctionalized arylmagnesium reagents to nitroarenes or arylazo tosylates is also presented. Finally, primary, secondary, and tertiary amines prepared by the oxidative coupling of polyfunctional lithium amidocuprates using chloranil as oxidant are highlighted. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2007)
On the Structure of Cross‐Conjugated 2,3‐Diphenylbutadiene
Authors: van Walree Cornelis A. , van der Wiel Bas C. , Jenneskens Leonardus W. , Lutz Martin , Spek Anthony L. , Havenith Remco W. A. , van Lenthe Joop H.
Published: July 2007

The structure of the cross‐conjugated compound 2,3‐diphenylbutadiene was investigated by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction and computational methods. In the crystal structure the central butadiene fragment adopts an s‐gauche geometry [–55.6(2)° torsion angle φ around the essential single bond], whereas the styrene moieties are close to planarity. MP2/6‐311G* calculations show that the s‐gauche conformation represents the global minimum along the φ coordinate, but also revealed the existence of an s‐trans local minimum. While the crystal structure seems to reflect dominance of styrene‐like conjugation, the MP2/6‐311G* calculations indicate that conjugation in both the styrene and butadiene π‐systems is important. An NBO orbital deletion study shows that the structure is primarily determined by (hyper)conjugation and that steric effects play a minor role. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2007)
Reliability evaluation of transmission network including effect of protection systems
Authors: Alesaadi A.‐R. , Haghifam M.‐R. , Fotuhi‐Firuzabad M.
Published: July 2007

Transmission network reliability evaluation considering effects of protective systems is investigated in this paper. Protective system faults are one of the main sources of cascading outages and may lead to vast blackouts. Desired performance of the protection system has a significant role in the improvement of network reliability. The proposed method is based on minimal cutset approach. In the proposed method, all elements of the transmission and subtransmission substations can be considered in which subtransmission substations are taken as output nodes. A sensitivity analysis of network reliability to component reliability parameters is performed. Finally the effectiveness of the method was tested in a real network with satisfactory results. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Reynolds‐stress modelling of M = 2.25 shock‐wave/turbulent boundary‐layer interaction
Authors: Vallet I.
Published: July 2007

M = 2.25 shock‐wave/turbulent‐boundary‐layer interactions over a compression ramp for several angles (8, 13 and 18°) at Reynolds‐number Re=7 × 103 were simulated with three low‐Reynolds second‐moment closures and a linear low‐Reynolds standard k–ε model. A detailed assessment of the turbulence closures by comparison with both mean‐flow and turbulent experimental quantities is presented. The Reynolds‐stress model which is wall‐topology free and which uses an optimized redistribution closure, is in good agreement with experimental data both for wall‐pressure and mean‐velocity profiles. Detailed analysis of three components of the Reynolds‐stress tensor (comparison with measurements and transport‐equation budgets) provides a critical evaluation of full Reynolds‐stress models for the separated supersonic compression ramp. The discrepancy observed in the shock‐wave foot region, between computations
and measurements for the Reynolds‐stresses profiles, could be explained by considering the experimental shock‐wave oscillation and directions for future modelling work are indicated. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Detecting association using epistatic information
Authors: Chapman Juliet , Clayton David
Published: July 2007

Genetic association studies have been less successful than expected in detecting causal genetic variants, with frequent non‐replication when such variants are claimed. Numerous possible reasons have been postulated, including inadequate sample size and possible unobserved stratification. Another possibility, and the focus of this paper, is that of epistasis, or gene‐gene interaction. Although unlikely that we may glean information about disease mechanism, based purely upon the data, it may be possible to increase our power to detect an effect by allowing for epistasis within our test statistic. This paper derives an appropriate “omnibus” test for detecting causal loci whist allowing for numerous possible interactions and compares the power of such a test with that of the usual main effects test. This approach differs from that commonly used, for example by Marchini et al. [2005], in that it tests simultaneously for main effects and interactions, rather than interactions alone. The alternative hypothesis being tested by the “omnibus” test is whether a particular locus of interest has an effect on disease status, either marginally or epistatically and is therefore directly comparable to the main effects test at that locus. The paper begins by considering the direct case, in which the putative causal variants are observed and then extends these ideas to the indirect case in which the causal variants are unobserved and we have a set of tag single nucleotide polymorphisms (tag SNPs) representing the regions of interest. In passing, the derivation of the indirect omnibus test statistic leads to a novel “indirect case‐only test for interaction”. Genet. Epidemiol. 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Special acute care unit for older adults with Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Soto Maria E. , Nourhashemi Fati , Arbus Christophe , Villars Hélène , Balardy Laurent , Andrieu Sandrine , Vellas Bruno
Published: July 2007

Objective

To describe the cognitive, functional, and nutritional features of patients admitted to a Special Acute Care Unit (SACU) for elderly patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD).

Methods

One‐year observational study of patients with AD and other related disorders hospitalized in the SACU, Department of Geriatrics, Toulouse university Hospital during 2005. A comprehensive neurocognitive and non‐cognitive geriatric assessment was performed. Data on full clinical evaluation, nutritional status, activities of daily living (ADL), gait and balance disturbance, behavioural and psychological symptoms (BPSD), and sociodemographics were recorded.

Results

Four‐hundred and ninety‐two patients were assessed. Their mean age was 81.1 ± 7.7, the mean length of stay was 10.7 ± 6.3 days, 62% were female, 63.9% were admitted from their own home and 30.4% from a nursing home. Eighty percent of patients had probable Alzheimer's disease or mixed dementia, less than 20% had other causes of dementia. Results of their comprehensive assessment showed a mean mini‐mental state examination of 14.5 ± 7.4; a mean total ADL score of 3.7 ± 1.7. Seventy‐seven percent had gait or balance disturbances; 90% of patients presented an unsatisfactory nutritional status. The most common reason for admission was BPSD.

Conclusion

AD complications are responsible for many acute admissions. Elderly patients suffering from dementia represent a population with unique clinical characteristics. Further randomised clinical trials are needed to evaluate the effectiveness of Special Acute Care Units for patients with AD and other related disorders. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Should we brush twice a day? Determinants of dental health among young adults in Finland
Authors: Nguyen Lien , Häkkinen Unto , Knuuttila Matti , Järvelin Marjo‐Riitta
Published: July 2007

We explore the determinants of dental ill‐health as measured by the occurrence of caries. A recursive bivariate probit model that was derived from health production and demand theory is employed to model caries, while taking account of dental care use. The data are from a follow‐up questionnaire used in a longitudinal study of the Northern Finland 1966 Birth Cohort, with respondents aged 31 (n= 5020). The factors controlled for relate to family background and health behavior during their youth, current socioecononomic variables and dental health stock. The total effects on the occurrence of caries of the explanatory variables are computed.

Among females, factors increasing caries are body mass index and intake of alcohol, sugar and soft drinks, and those reducing caries are birth weight and adolescent school achievement. Among males, caries is positively related to the metropolitan residence and negatively related to education and healthy diet. Smoking increases caries, whereas dental care use, regular dental attendance and brushing teeth at least twice a day decrease caries. To promote oral health, attention should focus on policies to improve dental health education and to reduce the impacts of common risk factors. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Fractures and avascular necrosis before and after orthotopic liver transplantation
Authors: Guichelaar Maureen M. J. , Schmoll Jeffrey , Malinchoc Michael , Hay Eileen J.
Published: July 2007

With early posttransplant bone loss, orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT) recipients experience a high rate of fracturing and some avascular necrosis (AVN), but little is known about the incidence of and predictive factors for these skeletal complications. We studied 360 consecutive patients who underwent transplantation for primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) and primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) and assessed both vertebral and nonvertebral (rib, pelvic, and femur) fractures in a protocolized fashion. Before OLT, 20% of the patients had experienced fracturing, and 1.4% of the patients had experienced AVN. Following OLT, there was a sharp increase in fracturing, with a 30% cumulative incidence of fractures at 1 year and 46% at 8 years after transplantation. In contrast to previous studies, there was a similar incidence of posttransplant vertebral and nonvertebral fractures. The greatest risk factors for posttransplant fracturing were pretransplant fracturing and the severity of osteopenia and posttransplant glucocorticoids. Nine percent of the liver recipients experienced AVN after OLT, and this correlated with pretransplant and posttransplant lipid metabolism, bone disease (bone mineral density and fracturing), and posttransplant glucocorticoids. A novel association between cholestasis and AVN was also identified, the mechanism for which is not known.

Conclusion:

Fortunately, recent years have seen an increase in the bone mass of liver recipients and, along with this, less fracturing and less AVN. Nonetheless, 25% of patients undergoing OLT for chronic cholestatic liver disease still develop de novo fractures after OLT; this situation demands an ongoing search for effective therapeutic agents for these patients. (HEPATOLOGY 2007.)
Relationship between the cardiac response to acute intoxication and alcohol‐induced subjective effects throughout the blood alcohol concentration curve
Authors: Brunelle Caroline , Barrett Sean P. , Pihl Robert O.
Published: July 2007

Rationale

There is evidence to suggest that individual differences in the subjective response to alcohol exist and exaggerated cardiac response to alcohol has been suggested to be a marker of increased sensitivity to the stimulant properties of alcohol.

Objectives

The present investigation examines the relationship between cardiac reactivity to alcohol measured on the ascending limb of the Blood Alcohol Concentration (BAC) curve and the subjective stimulant and sedative effects of alcohol throughout the BAC curve.

Methods

The stimulant and sedative effects of alcohol anticipatory to alcohol and during the ascending and descending limbs of the BAC curve were evaluated using the Biphasic Alcohol Effects Scale in 39 male social drinkers.

Results

Cardiac response to ethanol measured on the ascending limb of the BAC curve was positively correlated with intoxicated stimulant effects at numerous time points during the ascending and descending limbs of the BAC curve (ps < 0.01). No associations were found between cardiac change following alcohol and alcohol‐related sedative effects at any time point.

Conclusions

Objective and subjective reports of stimulation post‐alcohol ingestion may increase risk for problematic drinking. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Measurements of transpiration in four tropical rainforest types of north Queensland, Australia
Authors: McJannet David , Fitch Peter , Disher Mark , Wallace Jim
Published: July 2007

Transpiration of four different rainforest types in north Queensland, Australia, was determined using the heat pulse technique for periods ranging between 391 and 657 days. Despite the complexity of the natural rainforest systems being studied, the relationship between sample tree size and daily water use was found to be strong, thus providing a robust means by which to scale transpiration from individual trees to the entire forest stand. Transpiration was shown to be dependent on solar radiation and atmospheric demand for moisture with little evidence of limitation by soil moisture supply. Total stand transpiration was controlled by forest characteristics such as stem density, size distribution and sapwood area. Annual transpiration for each of the four sites ranged between 353 mm for cloud forest and 591 mm for montane rainforest. In comparison with the international literature, transpiration from Australian rainforests is low; the reasons for this could be related to a combination of differences in forest structure, climatic conditions, canopy wetness duration and tree physiology. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Calmodulin binding to the Fas‐Mediated death‐inducing signaling complex in cholangiocarcinoma cells
Authors: Chen Yabing , Pawar Pritish , Pan George , Ma Liping , Liu Hui , McDonald Jay M.
Published: July 2007

We have previously demonstrated that the antagonists of calmodulin (CaM) induce apoptosis of cholangiocarcinoma cells partially through Fas‐mediated apoptosis pathways. Recently, CaM has been shown to bind to Fas, which is regulated during Fas or CaM antagonist‐mediated apoptosis in Jurkat cells and osteoclasts. Accordingly, the present studies were designed to determine whether Fas interacts with CaM in cholangiocarcinoma cells and to elucidate its role in regulating Fas‐mediated apoptosis. CaM bound to Fas in cholangiocarcinoma cells. CaM was identified in the Fas‐mediated death inducing signaling complex (DISC). The amount of CaM recruited into the DISC was increased after Fas‐stimulation, a finding confirmed by immunofluorescent analysis that demonstrated increased membrane co‐localization of CaM and Fas upon Fas‐stimulation. Consistently, increased Fas microaggregates in response to Fas‐stimulation were found to bind to CaM. Fas‐induced recruitment of CaM into the DISC was inhibited by the Ca2+chelator, EGTA, and the CaM antagonist, trifluoperazine (TFP). TFP decreased DISC‐induced cleavage of caspase‐8. Further, inhibition of actin polymerization, which has been demonstrated to abolish DISC formation, inhibited the recruitment of CaM into the DISC. These results suggest an important role of CaM in mediating DISC formation, thus regulating Fas‐mediated apoptosis in cholangiocarcinoma cells. Characterization of the role of CaM in Fas‐mediated DISC formation and apoptosis signaling may provide important insights in the development of novel therapeutic targets for cholangiocarcinoma. J. Cell. Biochem. 103: 788–799, 2008. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.