bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Nutrition literacy predicts adherence to healthy/unhealthy diet patterns in adults with a nutrition-related chronic condition
Authors: Taylor Matthew K , Sullivan Debra K , Ellerbeck Edward F , Gajewski Byron J , Gibbs Heather D
Published: May 2019

Objective:

To describe the relationship between adherence to distinct dietary patterns and nutrition literacy.

Design:

We identified distinct dietary patterns using principal covariates regression (PCovR) and principal components analysis (PCA) from the Diet History Questionnaire II. Nutrition literacy was assessed using the Nutrition Literacy Assessment Instrument (NLit). Cross-sectional relationships between dietary pattern adherence and global and domain-specific NLit scores were tested by multiple linear regression. Mean differences in diet pattern adherence among three predefined nutrition literacy performance categories were tested by ANOVA.

Setting:

Metropolitan Kansas City, USA.

Participants:

Adults (n 386) with at least one of four diet-related diseases.

Results:

Three diet patterns of interest were derived: a PCovR prudent pattern and PCA-derived Western and Mediterranean patterns. After controlling for age, sex, BMI, race, household income, education level and diabetes status, PCovR prudent pattern adherence positively related to global NLit score (P < 0·001, β = 0·36), indicating more intake of prudent diet foods with improved nutrition literacy. Validating the PCovR findings, PCA Western pattern adherence inversely related to global NLit (P = 0·003, β = −0·13) while PCA Mediterranean pattern positively related to global NLit (P = 0·02, β = 0·12). Using predefined cut points, those with poor nutrition literacy consumed more foods associated with the Western diet (fried foods, sugar-sweetened beverages, red meat, processed foods) while those with good nutrition literacy consumed more foods associated with prudent and Mediterranean diets (vegetables, olive oil, nuts).

Conclusions:

Nutrition literacy predicted adherence to healthy/unhealthy diet patterns. These findings warrant future research to determine if improving nutrition literacy effectively improves eating patterns.
Welfare Conditionality in Lived Experience: Aggregating Qualitative Longitudinal Research
Authors: Wright Sharon , Patrick Ruth
Published: May 2019

Punitive welfare conditionality, combining tough sanctions with minimal self-directed support, is a defining feature of contemporary UK working age social security provision. This approach has been justified by policy makers on the basis that it will increase the numbers in paid employment, and thereby offer savings for the public purse that are also beneficial for individuals who are expected to be healthier and better off financially as a result. In this article, we aggregate two qualitative longitudinal studies (Welfare Conditionality, 2014–17; and Lived Experience, 2011–16) that document lived experiences of claiming benefits and using back-to-work support services. In both studies and over time, we find, contrary to policy expectations, that coercion, including sanctions, was usually experienced as unnecessary and harmful and that poverty was prevalent, both in and out of work, tended to worsen and pushed many close to destitution. Conditionality governed encounters with employment services and, perversely, appeared to impede, rather than support, transitions into employment for participants in both studies. These constitute ‘shared typical’ aspects of lived experiences of welfare conditionality. We propose Combined Study Qualitative Longitudinal Research as a new methodological approach to extend inference beyond the usual study-specific confines of qualitative generalisation.
Public opinion and interest groups’ concerns for organizational survival
Authors: Hanegraaff Marcel , Poletti Arlo
Published: May 2019

A growing number of studies focus on the two-way channels connecting public opinion and interest groups, highlighting how public support affects interest groups’ mobilization, strategies, and influence, while also showing how interest groups manage to shape public opinion. We contribute to this debate, assuming that interest groups are fundamentally survival-maximizing organizations. First, we investigate whether public opinion bears on advocacy groups’ assessment of their own survival prospects. Second, we assess whether public opinion-driven mortality anxiety affects advocacy groups’ choices regarding different lobbying strategies. Empirically, we rely on data from the Comparative Interest Group Survey, including over 2500 interest group respondents across six European Union (EU) countries as well as groups working at the EU level. Our analysis shows that (1) public opinion crucially influences how advocacy groups estimate their chances of survival, particularly for citizen groups and (2) public opinion-related survival concerns stimulate greater relative use of outside lobbying by citizen groups.
Literature in Translation – Modern Arabic
Authors: Le Gassick Trevor J.
Published: May 2019

Technological inventions in recent decades having so totally revolutionized the nature and extent of communications between various parts of the world, it is difficult to appreciate how severely restricted inter-cultural knowledge was even in the almost immediate past. Translation has always been one of the few media available for the transference of ideas and emotions from one language group to another and, as we shall see, even it has been of remarkably limited range and influence, certainly between the peoples of the Near East and the English-speaking world. Fear and dislike of what is different and therefore seemingly threatening are natural human responses that have governed international relations throughout history; that translation has been and continues to be so limited an influence mitigating such fear and dislike is surely tragic. A brief survey of translation from Arabic to English in previous centuries will hopefully assist us in viewing the range of modern materials available in book form in a proper perspective.
Self-criticism, Strivings and Aggressive Behavior in Spanish Children: The Two Sides of Self-Oriented Perfectionism
Authors: Vicent María , Inglés Cándido J. , Gonzálvez Carolina , Sanmartín Ricardo , Aparicio-Flores María Pilar , García-Fernández José M.
Published: May 2019

This study analyzes the relationship between the two intrapersonal perfectionism dimensions (i.e., Self-Oriented Perfectionism-Critical, SOP-C, and Self-Oriented Perfectionism-Strivings, SOP-S) and the components of aggressive behavior (cognitive, emotional and motor) in a sample of 804 (48.3% females) Spanish students between the ages of 8 and 11 (M = 9.57; DE = 1.12). The Spanish versions of the SOP-C and SOP-S subscales of the Child/Adolescent Perfectionism Scale and the Aggression Questionnaire were used. Students with high SOP-C scored significantly higher (p < .001) than their peers with low SOP-C on all components of aggressive behavior. The magnitude of these differences (Cohen’s d index) ranged from .40 to .59. In contrast, non-significant statistical differences were found between students with high and low SOP-S. Moreover, logistic regression analysis revealed that SOP-C significantly and positively predicted high Hostility, Anger and Physical and Verbal Aggression, whereas none of these components were significantly predicted by SOP-S (95% CI). Results are discussed, taking into account the debate on the conceptualization and nature of intrapersonal perfectionism.
Mercury Cycling in the North Pacific Subtropical Gyre as Revealed by Mercury Stable Isotope Ratios
Authors: Motta Laura C. , Blum Joel D. , Johnson Marcus W. , Umhau Blaire P. , Popp Brian N. , Washburn Spencer J. , Drazen Jeffrey C. , Benitez‐Nelson Claudia R. , Hannides Cecelia C. S. , Close Hilary G. , Lamborg Carl H.
Published: May 2019

The oceans are an important global reservoir for mercury (Hg), and marine fish consumption is the dominant human exposure pathway for its toxic methylated form. A more thorough understanding of the global biogeochemical cycle of Hg requires additional information on the mechanisms that control Hg cycling in pelagic marine waters. In this study, Hg isotope ratios and total Hg concentrations are used to explore Hg biogeochemistry in oligotrophic marine environments north of Hawaii. We present the first measurements of the vertical water column distribution of Hg concentrations and the Hg isotopic composition in precipitation, marine particles, and zooplankton near Station ALOHA (22°45′N, 158°W). Our results reveal production and demethylation of methylmercury in both the euphotic (0–175 m) and mesopelagic zones (200–1,000 m). We document a strong relationship between Hg isotopic composition and depth in particles, zooplankton, and fish in the water column and diurnal variations in Δ199Hg values in zooplankton sampled near the surface (25 m). Based on these observations and stable Hg isotope relationships in the marine food web, we suggest that the Hg found in large pelagic fish at Station ALOHA was originally deposited largely by precipitation, transformed into methyl‐Hg, and bioaccumulated in situ in the water column. Our results highlight how Hg isotopic compositions reflect abiotic and biotic production and degradation of methyl‐Hg throughout the water column and the importance of particles and zooplankton in the vertical transport of Hg.
Modeling Ash Dispersal From Future Eruptions of Taupo Supervolcano
Authors: Barker S. J. , Van Eaton A. R. , Mastin L. G. , Wilson C. J. N. , Thompson M. A. , Wilson T. M. , Davis C. , Renwick J. A.
Published: May 2019

Hazard analysis at caldera volcanoes is challenging due to the wide range of eruptive and environmental conditions that can plausibly occur during renewed activity. Taupo volcano, New Zealand, is a frequently active and productive rhyolitic caldera volcano that has hosted the world's youngest known supereruption and numerous smaller explosive events. To assess ashfall hazard from future eruptions, we have simulated atmospheric ash dispersal using the Ash3d model. We consider five eruption scenarios spanning magma volumes of 0.1–500 km3 and investigate the main factors governing ash dispersal in modern atmospheric conditions. Our results are examined in the context of regional synoptic weather patterns (Kidson types) that provide a framework for assessing the variability of ashfall distribution in different wind fields. For the smallest eruptions (~0.1‐km3 magma), ashfall thicknesses >1 cm are largely confined to the central North Island, with dispersal controlled by day‐to‐day weather and the dominance of westerly winds. With increasing eruptive volume (1–5‐km3 magma), ashfall thicknesses >1 cm would likely reach major population centers throughout the North Island. Dispersal is less dependent on weather patterns as the formation of a radially expanding umbrella cloud forces ash upwind or crosswind, although strong stratospheric winds significantly restrict umbrella spreading. For large eruptions (50–500‐km3 magma), powerful expansion of the umbrella cloud results in widespread ashfall at damaging thicknesses (>10 cm) across most of the North Island and top of the South Island. Synoptic climatology may prove a useful additional technique for long‐term hazard planning at caldera volcanoes.
The Effects of Localized Thermal Pressure on Equilibrium Magnetic Fields and Particle Drifts in The Inner Magnetosphere
Authors: Xia Zhiyang , Chen Lunjin , Artemyev Anton , Zhu Hui , Jordanova Vania K. , Zheng Liheng
Published: May 2019

Localized injections of hot anisotropic plasma sheet particles into the inner magnetosphere can significantly deform the quiet time dipole‐like magnetic field and thus disturb electron and ion's drift paths and scattering rates. Although many details of magnetic field deformation can be inferred from empirical models, roles of different characteristics of injected plasma on the structure of such deformation require further investigation. In this study, we use the 2‐D axisymmetric equilibrium model to calculate self‐consistent magnetic field in force balance with a Gaussian thermal pressure distribution characterized by four input parameters: the ratio between plasma pressure and magnetic pressure (β) at the pressure peak β0, the radial location of the pressure peak L0, the width of the half peak pressure σ0, and the equatorial pressure anisotropy Ae. Using the modeled magnetic field, we find that the magnetic field perturbation increases with increasing β0 and decreasing σ0 while the magnetic curvature perturbation increases with increasing Ae, β0, and σ0 and decreasing L0. For energetic particles the change of magnetic gradient drift motion is much greater than that of curvature drift motion. The magnetic dip structure formation requires a critical β value that increases with increasing σ0 and decreasing L0. Despite the unavailability of observations in the existing literatures to check the condition of magnetic dip formation, such condition will be checked against observations as a future study. Finally, we also use 3‐D ring current‐atmosphere interactions model with self‐consistent magnetic field model to illustrate the effect of azimuthal pressure distribution, which is relevant to asymmetric ring current.
Patch Size Evolution During Pulsating Aurora
Authors: Partamies Noora , Bolmgren Karl , Heino Erkka , Ivchenko Nickolay , Borovsky Joseph E. , Sundberg Hanna
Published: May 2019

We report both decreasing and increasing trends in the patch sizes during pulsating aurora events. About 150 pulsating auroral events over the Fennoscandian Lapland have been successfully analyzed for their average patch size, total patch area, and number of patches as a function of event time, typically 1–2 hr. An automatic routine has been developed to detect patches in the all‐sky camera images. In addition to events with decreasing and increasing average patch size evolution over the course of the pulsating aurora, events with no size trends and events with intermittently increasing and decreasing patch size trends were also found. In this study, we have analyzed a subset of events for which the average and total patch size systematically increase or decrease. The events with increasing patch size trend do not experience a decrease in the peak emission height, which was previously associated with the behavior of pulsating aurora precipitation. Furthermore, the events with increasing patch sizes have shorter lifetimes and twice as many substorm‐injected energetic electrons at geosynchronous orbit as the events with decreasing patch sizes. Half of the events with increasing patch sizes occur during substorm expansion phases, while a majority (64%) of the ones with decreasing patch sizes take place during the recovery phase. These findings suggest that the visual appearance of pulsating aurora may be used as an indication of the pulsating aurora energy deposition to the atmosphere.
Experimental Study of Dislocation Damping Using a Rock Analogue
Authors: Sasaki Yuto , Takei Yasuko , McCarthy Christine , Rudge John F.
Published: May 2019

In order to explore the effects of dislocations on seismic velocity and attenuation, we conducted a series of forced oscillation and ultrasonic tests on rock analogue samples (polycrystalline borneol) that were predeformed under various differential stress Δσ. Additionally, creep experiments were conducted to determine the steady‐state flow law for borneol. The dominant deformation mechanism of polycrystalline borneol changes from diffusion to dislocation creep at about Δσ=2 MPa. At high stresses, power law creep with a stress exponent of ∼4 was measured. Microstructure of the deformed samples showed wavy grain boundaries due to dislocation‐induced migration and the occasional existence of microcracks. A borneol sample deformed in the dislocation creep regime showed a significant reduction in Young's modulus E and a slight increase in attenuation Q−1 at frequencies lower than 100 Hz, whereas E at ultrasonic frequency (106 Hz) did not reduce. Therefore, a major part of the dislocation creep‐induced anelastic relaxation is a peak with a characteristic frequency between 100 and 106 Hz, which is much higher than the range of grain boundary‐induced anelasticity of this material. Further experiments under higher confining pressure are needed to assess the relative contribution from dislocations and microcracks to this peak.
Stable Forearc Stressed by a Weak Megathrust: Mechanical and Geodynamic Implications of Stress Changes Caused by the M = 9 Tohoku‐Oki Earthquake
Authors: Wang Kelin , Brown Lonn , Hu Yan , Yoshida Keisuke , He Jiangheng , Sun Tianhaozhe
Published: May 2019

Rupture‐zone averaged static stress drop in the 2011 M=9 Tohoku‐Oki earthquake was less than 5 MPa, but it caused a stress reversal in most of the offshore forearc, although the reversal is less well constrained far offshore by earthquake mechanisms because of 20‐ to 30‐km errors in event depths. Using a finite element model of force balance, we demonstrate that the stress reversal unambiguously indicates (1) a very weak subduction megathrust and (2) very low differential stresses in the forearc. Prior to the reversal, the upper limit of megathrust strength could not be determined from forearc stresses. In the forearc, effects of megathrust friction and gravity are in a fragile balance, and stresses fluctuate around a neutral state in earthquake cycles. If most of the offshore forearc is to be compressive before but extensional after the earthquake, the effective friction coefficient of the megathrust must be ~0.032. Under low differential stresses associated with megathrust weakness, the forearc is generally well below yielding. Applying the concepts of dynamic Coulomb wedge, we show that the inner wedge, and by inference farther landward, stays stable throughout earthquake cycles. The outer wedge is stable most of the time but may occasionally enter a critical state during great earthquakes; its geometry suggests that complete stress drop of the underlying shallow megathrust is unlikely to have happened. We reason that the occurrence of earthquakes and active faulting under low stress in the stable forearc is due to heterogeneities in structure, stress, and/or pore fluid pressure.
Mountain Building or Backarc Extension in Ocean‐Continent Subduction Systems: A Function of Backarc Lithospheric Strength and Absolute Plate Velocities
Authors: Wolf Sebastian G. , Huismans Ritske S.
Published: May 2019

The crustal structure of overriding plates in subduction settings around the world varies between a wide range of deformation styles, ranging from extensional structures and backarc opening as in the Tonga or Hellenic subduction zone to large, plateau‐like orogens such as the central Andes. Both end‐member types have been intensively studied over the last decades, and several hypotheses have been proposed to explain their characteristics. Here we model ocean‐continent collision using high‐resolution, upper mantle scale plane‐strain thermo‐mechanical models, accounting for phase changes of rocks that enter the eclogite stability field and the phase transition at the 660 km mantle discontinuity. We test model sensitivity to varying plate velocities and backarc lithospheric strength as the main variables affecting the strain regime of the overriding plate in subduction zones. With our small set of variables, we reproduce both overriding plate extension and shortening and provide insight into the dynamics behind those processes. We find that absolute plate velocities determine the possible strain regimes in the overriding plate, where overriding plate movement toward the trench inhibits backarc extension and promotes overriding plate shortening. Additionally, a weak and removed backarc lithospheric mantle is required for backarc extension and facilitates overriding plate shortening. Comparison of the models with natural subduction systems, specifically the Andes and Hellenic subduction zones, corroborates that lithospheric removal and absolute plate velocities guide overriding plate deformation.
Organic Matter Sources in North Atlantic Fjord Sediments
Authors: Faust J.C. , Knies J.
Published: May 2019

To better constrain the global carbon cycle fundamental knowledge of the role of carbon cycling on continental margins is crucial. Fjords are particularly important shelf areas for carbon burial due to relatively high sedimentation rates and high organic matter fluxes. As terrigenous organic matter is more resistant to remineralization than marine organic matter, a comprehensive knowledge of the carbon source is critical to better constrain the efficiency of organic carbon burial in fjord sediments. Here we investigated highly productive fjords in northern Norway and compare our results with both existing and new organic carbon to organic nitrogen ratios and carbon stable isotope compositions from fjords in mid‐Norway, west Svalbard, and east Greenland. The marine organic carbon contribution varies significantly between these fjords, and the contribution of marine organic carbon in Norwegian fjords is much larger than previously suggested for fjords in NW Europe and also globally. Additionally, northern Norwegian fjords show very high marine carbon burial rates (73.6 gC · m‐2 · year‐1) suggesting that these fjords are probably very distinct carbon burial hotspots. We argue that the North Atlantic Current inflow sustains these high burial rates and changes in the current strength due to ongoing climate change are likely to have a pronounced effect on carbon burial in North Atlantic fjords.
Whistler Waves' Propagation in Plasmas With Systems of Small‐Scale Density Irregularities: Numerical Simulations and Theory
Authors: Zudin I. Yu. , Zaboronkova T. M. , Gushchin M. E. , Aidakina N. A. , Korobkov S. V. , Krafft C.
Published: May 2019

The propagation of whistler waves in a magnetized plasma containing multiple small‐scale (100 m to 1 km) field‐aligned irregularities of enhanced electron density is considered analytically and by means of numerical simulations. Such systems of irregularities can develop in the upper ionosphere during the generation of density ducts by high‐frequency heating facilities and other types of active experiments. The simulation parameters are close to those of an active experiment where a whistler wave of 18 kHz emitted by a ground‐based very low frequency (VLF) transmitter was received onboard the DEMETER satellite at 700 km above the SURA heater. The study reveals a number of remarkable properties of the VLF waves' propagation, including the existence of specific waveguide modes of the small‐scale density structures and of a characteristic transverse size d0 of the irregularities. Irregularities with small density enhancements around 10–20% and transverse sizes larger than d0∼1 km can serve as separate waveguides for VLF waves. In their turn, single irregularities narrower than d0 cannot be considered as individual ducting structures. Numerical simulations show that, for the analysis of the electromagnetic whistlers' propagation, a system of closely spaced irregularities with scales narrower than d0 can be modeled by an equivalent ducting structure with a smoothed density profile. Such equivalent structure has the same ducting properties for whistlers and can be produced by averaging with a sliding window of a scale about d0 the original density distribution.
Embedded Kinetic Simulation of Ganymede's Magnetosphere: Improvements and Inferences
Authors: Zhou Hongyang , Tóth Gábor , Jia Xianzhe , Chen Yuxi , Markidis Stefano
Published: May 2019

The largest moon in the solar system, Ganymede, is also the only moon known to possess a strong intrinsic magnetic field and a corresponding magnetosphere. Using the new version of Hall magnetohydrodynamic with embedded particle‐in‐cell model with a self‐consistently coupled resistive body representing the electrical properties of the moon's interior, improved inner boundary conditions, and the flexibility of coupling different grid geometries, we achieve better match of magnetic field with measurements for all six Galileo flybys. The G2 flyby comparisons of plasma bulk flow velocities with the Galileo Plasma Subsystem data support the oxygen ion assumption inside Ganymede's magnetosphere. Crescent shape, nongyrotropic, and nonisotropic ion distributions are identified from the coupled model. Furthermore, we have derived the energy fluxes associated with the upstream magnetopause reconnection of ∼10−7W/cm2 based on our model results and found a maximum of 40% contribution to the total peak auroral emissions.
Extracting Inner‐Heliosphere Solar Wind Speed Information From Heliospheric Imager Observations
Authors: Barnard L. A. , Owens M. J. , Scott C. J. , Jones S. R.
Published: May 2019

We present evidence that variability in the STEREO‐A Heliospheric Imager (HI) data is correlated with in situ solar wind speed estimates from WIND, STEREO‐A, and STEREO‐B. For 2008–2012, we compute the variability in HI differenced images in a plane‐of‐sky shell between 20 to 22.5 solar radii and, for a range of position angles, compare daily means of HI variability and in situ solar wind speed estimates. We show that the HI variability data and in situ solar wind speeds have similar temporal autocorrelation functions. Carrington rotation periodicities are well documented for in situ solar wind speeds, but, to our knowledge, this is the first time they have been presented in statistics computed from HI images. In situ solar wind speeds from STEREO‐A, STEREO‐B, and WIND are all are correlated with the HI variability, with a lag that varies in a manner consistent with the longitudinal separation of the in situ monitor and the HI instrument. Unlike many approaches to processing HI observations, our method requires no manual feature tracking; it is automated, is quick to compute, and does not suffer the subjective biases associated with manual classifications. These results suggest we could possibly estimate solar wind speeds in the low heliosphere directly from HI observations. This motivates further investigation, as this could be a significant asset to the space weather forecasting community; it might provide an independent observational constraint on heliospheric solar wind forecasts, through, for example, data assimilation. Finally, these results are another argument for the potential utility of including a HI on an operational space weather mission.
Publisher Correction: Transcriptomic alterations during ageing reflect the shift from cancer to degenerative diseases in the elderly
Authors: Irizar Peer Aramillo , Schäuble Sascha , Esser Daniela , Groth Marco , Frahm Christiane , Priebe Steffen , Baumgart Mario , Hartmann Nils , Marthandan Shiva , Menzel Uwe , Müller Jule , Schmidt Silvio , Ast Volker , Caliebe Amke , König Rainer , Krawczak Michael , Ristow Michael , Schuster Stefan , Cellerino Alessandro , Diekmann Stephan , Englert Christoph , Hemmerich Peter , Sühnel Jürgen , Guthke Reinhard , Witte Otto W. , Platzer Matthias , Ruppin Eytan , Kaleta Christoph
Published: May 2019

The original version of this Article contained an error in the spelling of the author Jule Müller, which was incorrectly given as Julia Müller. Additionally, in Fig. 4a, the blue-red colour scale for fold change in ageing/disease regulation included a blue stripe in place of a red stripe at the right-hand end of the scale. These errors have been corrected in both the PDF and HTML versions of the Article.
What students do when encountering failure in collaborative tasks
Authors: Lam Rachel
Published: May 2019

Experiences of failure can provide valuable opportunities to learn, however, the typical classroom does not tend to function from an orientation of learning from failure. Rather, educators aim to teach accurate information as efficiently as possible, with the main goal for students to be able to produce correct knowledge when called for, in the classroom and beyond. Alternatively, teaching for failure requires instructional designs that function out of a different paradigm altogether. Failures can occur during activities like problem solving, problem posing, idea generation, comparing/contrasting cases, or inventing formalisms or pattern-based rules. We present findings from a study done in fourth-grade classes on environmental sustainability that used a design allowing for failures to occur during collaboration. These center on dialogs that included “micro-failures,” where we could address how students deal with failure during the process of learning. Our design drew from “productive failure,” where students are given opportunities to fail at producing canonical concepts before receiving explicit instruction, and unscripted collaborative learning, where students engage in collaboration without being directed in specific dialogic moves. By focusing on failures during an unscripted collaborative process, our work achieved two goals: (1) We singled out occurrences of failure by analyzing students’ dialogs when they encountered impasses and identified several behaviors that differentially related to learning; (2) We explored how the form of task design influences the collaborative learning process around failure occurrences, showing the potential benefits of more structured tasks.
Altered functional connectivity associated with time discounting in chronic pain
Authors: Wakaizumi Kenta , Jabakhanji Rami , Ihara Naho , Kosugi Shizuko , Terasawa Yuri , Morisaki Hiroshi , Ogaki Masao , Baliki Marwan N.
Published: May 2019

Chronic pain (CP) is a global problem extensively associated with an unhealthy lifestyle. Time discounting (TD), a tendency to assign less value to future gains than to present gains, is an indicator of the unhealthy behaviors. While, recent neuroimaging studies implied overlapping neuro mechanisms underlying CP and TD, little is known about the specific relationship between CP and TD in behavior or neuroscience. As such, we investigated the association of TD with behavioral measures in CP and resting-state brain functional network in both CP patients and healthy subjects. Behaviorally, TD showed a significant correlation with meaningfulness in healthy subjects, whereas TD in patients only correlated with pain intensity. We identified a specific network including medial and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (PFC) in default mode network (DMN) associated with TD in healthy subjects that showed significant indirect mediation effect of meaningfulness on TD. In contrast, TD in patients was correlated with functional connectivity between dorsolateral PFC (DLPFC) and temporal lobe that mediated the effect of pain intensity on TD in patients. These results imply that TD is modulated by pain intensity in CP patients, and the brain function associated to TD is shifted from a medial to lateral representation within the frontal regions.
Elemental and Mineralogical Composition of the Western Andean Snow (18°S–41°S)
Authors: Alfonso Juan A. , Cordero Raul R. , Rowe Penny M. , Neshyba Steven , Casassa Gino , Carrasco Jorge , MacDonell Shelley , Lambert Fabrice , Pizarro Jaime , Fernandoy Francisco , Feron Sarah , Damiani Alessandro , Llanillo Pedro , Sepulveda Edgardo , Jorquera Jose , Garcia Belkis , Carrera Juan M. , Oyola Pedro , Kang Choong-Min
Published: May 2019

The snowpack is an important source of water for many Andean communities. Because of its importance, elemental and mineralogical composition analysis of the Andean snow is a worthwhile effort. In this study, we conducted a chemical composition analysis (major and trace elements, mineralogy, and chemical enrichment) of surface snow sampled at 21 sites across a transect of about 2,500 km in the Chilean Andes (18–41°S). Our results enabled us to identify five depositional environments: (i) sites 1–3 (in the Atacama Desert, 18–26°S) with relatively high concentrations of metals, high abundance of quartz and low presence of arsenates, (ii) sites 4–8 (in northern Chile, 29–32°S) with relatively high abundance of quartz and low presence of metals and arsenates, (iii) sites 9–12 (in central Chile, 33–35°S) with anthropogenic enrichment of metals, relatively high values of quartz and low abundance of arsenates, (iv) sites 13–14 (also in central Chile, 35–37°S) with relatively high values of quartz and low presence of metals and arsenates, and v) sites 15–21 (in southern Chile, 37–41°S) with relatively high abundance of arsenates and low presence of metals and quartz. We found significant anthropogenic enrichment at sites close to Santiago (a major city of 6 million inhabitants) and in the Atacama Desert (that hosts several major copper mines).
Vaginal lactobacilli inhibit growth and hyphae formation of Candida albicans
Authors: Jang Sung Jae , Lee Kyeongju , Kwon Bomi , You Hyun Ju , Ko GwangPyo
Published: May 2019

Lactobacillus species are the predominant vaginal microbiota found in healthy women of reproductive age and help to prevent pathogen infection by producing lactic acid, H2O2 and anti-microbial compounds. Identification of novel vaginal Lactobacillus isolates that exhibit efficient colonisation and secrete anti-Candida factors is a promising strategy to prevent vulvovaginal candidiasis. The azole antifungal agents used to treat vulvovaginal candidiasis elicit adverse effects such as allergic responses and exhibit drug interactions. Candida strains with resistance to antifungal treatments are often reported. In this study, we isolated Lactobacillus species from healthy Korean women and investigated their antifungal effects against C. albicans in vitro and in vivo. Lactobacillus conditioned supernatant (LCS) of L. crispatus and L. fermentum inhibited C. albicans growth in vitro. A Lactobacillus-derived compound, which was not affected by proteolytic enzyme digestion and heat inactivation, inhibited growth and hyphal induction of C. albicans after adjustment to neutral pH. Combination treatment with neutral LCSs of L. crispatus and L. fermentum effectively inhibited propagation of C. albicans in a murine in vivo model of vulvovaginal candidiasis.
Extremely low neonicotinoid doses alter navigation of pest insects along pheromone plumes
Authors: Navarro-Roldán Miguel A. , Amat Carles , Bau Josep , Gemeno César
Published: May 2019

The prevailing use of neonicotinoids in pest control has adverse effects on non-target organisms, like honeybees. However, relatively few studies have explored the effect of sublethal neonicotinoid levels on olfactory responses of pest insects, and thus their potential impact on semiochemical surveillance and control methods, such as monitoring or mating disruption. We recently reported that sublethal doses of the neonicotinoid thiacloprid (TIA) had dramatic effects on sex pheromone release in three tortricid moth species. We present now effects of TIA on pheromone detection and, for the first time, navigational responses of pest insects to pheromone sources. TIA delayed and reduced the percentage of males responding in the wind tunnel without analogous alteration of electrophysiological antennal responses. During navigation along an odor plume, treated males exhibited markedly slower flights and, in general, described narrower flight tracks, with an increased susceptibility to wind-induced drift. All these effects increased in a dose-dependent manner starting at LC0.001 - which would kill just 10 out of 106 individuals - and revealed an especially pronounced sensitivity in one of the species, Grapholita molesta. Our results suggest that minimal neonicotinoid quantities alter chemical communication, and thus could affect the efficacy of semiochemical pest management methods.
Differential binding cell-SELEX method to identify cell-specific aptamers using high-throughput sequencing
Authors: Pleiko Karlis , Saulite Liga , Parfejevs Vadims , Miculis Karlis , Vjaters Egils , Riekstina Una
Published: May 2019

Aptamers have in recent years emerged as a viable alternative to antibodies. High-throughput sequencing (HTS) has revolutionized aptamer research by increasing the number of reads from a few (using Sanger sequencing) to millions (using an HTS approach). Despite the availability and advantages of HTS compared to Sanger sequencing, there are only 50 aptamer HTS sequencing samples available on public databases. HTS data in aptamer research are primarily used to compare sequence enrichment between subsequent selection cycles. This approach does not take full advantage of HTS because the enrichment of sequences during selection can be due to inefficient negative selection when using live cells. Here, we present a differential binding cell-SELEX (systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment) workflow that adapts theFASTAptamertoolbox and bioinformatics tooledgeR, which are primarily used for functional genomics, to achieve more informative metrics about the selection process. We propose a fast and practical high-throughput aptamer identification method to be used with the cell-SELEX technique to increase the aptamer selection rate against live cells. The feasibility of our approach is demonstrated by performing aptamer selection against a clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) RCC-MF cell line using the RC-124 cell line from healthy kidney tissue for negative selection.
Rapid and Safe Isolation of Human Peripheral Blood B and T Lymphocytes through Spiral Microfluidic Channels
Authors: Chiu Po-Lin , Chang Chun-Hao , Lin Yu-Ling , Tsou Ping-Hsien , Li Bor-Ran
Published: May 2019

Peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBLs) are mature lymphocytes that circulate in the blood rather than being localized to organs. A reliable label-free collection approach that can viably and appropriately isolate PBLs to establish in vitro culture systems is crucial for basic research and clinical requirements. However, isolation of PBLs from whole blood is difficult, and so the development of a rapid and safe method to perform this task is required. Microfluidic technology offers opportunities that challenge the performance of macroscale methods. In this study, we proposed a simple spiral microfluidic chip for efficient and high-throughput isolation of lymphocytes from a sample with prelysed RBCs. This spiral microfluidic platform does not rely on antibodies or biological markers for labeling cells of interest while isolating lymphocytes but rather enriches B and T lymphocytes through the different physical properties that are intrinsic to lymphocytes and other blood cells. The device was used to achieve high-throughput (~1.3 × 105 cells/min) separation of lymphocytes with high viability (>95%). Compared with previous approaches, our device provided rapid, label-free, high-throughput, and safe lymphocyte separation.
Persistence in studies in relation to learning approaches and first-year grades: a study of university chemistry students in Finland
Authors: Lastusaari Mika , Laakkonen Eero , Murtonen Mari
Published: May 2019

Changing majors or dropping out are of great concern to universities worldwide, but the role of learning approaches in terms of students’ persistence has not been previously studied. Changing majors, especially in chemistry, is a severe problem in Finland. Here, learning approach data were collected with the ChemApproach questionnaire from 733 bachelor-level students at four Finnish universities. Students intending to change majors showed stronger submissive surface approaches and weaker active deep approaches than those intending to persist in chemistry. The ChemApproach data were complemented with information on actual persistence and first-year grades from a smaller sample from one university (N = 177). A practical deep approach in chemistry studies combined with relatively high grades was shown to be connected to persistence, while a desire to change majors combined with high grades resulted in the actual changing of majors. A high submissive surface approach indicated students at risk of dropping out completely.
Immobilization approaches can affect protein dynamics: a surface-enhanced infrared spectroscopic study on lipid–protein interactions
Authors: Fallah Mohammad A. , Hauser Karin
Published: May 2019

Near-field detection of SEIRA reveals that surface immobilization alters conformational properties of α-synuclein.
Shear-thinning hyaluronan-based fluid hydrogels to modulate viscoelastic properties of osteoarthritis synovial fluids
Authors: Cai Zhixiang , Zhang Hongbin , Wei Yue , Wu Min , Fu Ailing
Published: May 2019

Hyaluronan-based injectable fluid hydrogel was prepared and used as an artificial synovial fluid for the treatment of osteoarthritis.
PVA reinforced gossypolone and doxorubicin π–π stacking nanoparticles towards tumor targeting and ultralow dose synergistic chemotherapy
Authors: Liu Yiming , Li Ke , Wu Youshen , Ma Jingwen , Tang Peng , Liu Yongchun , Wu Daocheng
Published: May 2019

A novel carrier-free dual-drug delivery system (HA-Gn@DPGn NPs) realizes ultralow dose DOX administration while ensuring high tumor comprehensive synergistic therapeutic efficacy.
Thermal transport in monocrystalline and polycrystalline lithium cobalt oxide
Authors: He Jinlong , Zhang Lin , Liu Ling
Published: May 2019

A thermal resistance model is combined with molecular dynamics simulation to quantify the thermal conductivities of LiCoO2, an electrode material for batteries.
On-surface synthesis of 2D COFs on Cu(111) via the formation of thermodynamically stable organometallic networks as the template
Authors: Wang Cheng-Xin , Chen Jian-Le , Shu Chen-Hui , Shi Ke-Ji , Liu Pei-Nian
Published: May 2019

Template-directed polymerization is an effective approach used to afford regular 2D covalent organic frameworks (COFs), thus the regularity of the template is crucial for the quality of the resulting 2D COFs.
Enhancing the supramolecular stability of monolayers by combining dipolar with amphiphilic motifs: a case of amphiphilic push–pull-thiazole
Authors: Hupfer M. L. , Kaufmann M. , May S. , Preiß J. , Weiß D. , Dietzek B. , Beckert R. , Presselt M.
Published: May 2019

Equipping a thiazole dye with push and pull moieties adds dipolar intermolecular interactions and two hydrophilic anchors to a centrally anchored π-stacking and otherwise mono-amphiphilic dye.
The evolution of spiropyran: fundamentals and progress of an extraordinarily versatile photochrome
Authors: Kortekaas Luuk , Browne Wesley R.
Published: May 2019

Spiropyrans have played a pivotal role in the emergence of the field of chromism following their discovery in the early 20th century, with almost ubiquitous use in materials applications especially since their photochromism was discovered in 1952.
Catalytic halogenation of methane: a dream reaction with practical scope?
Authors: Paunović Vladimir , Pérez-Ramírez Javier
Published: May 2019

Methane halogenation over solid materials is dominated by radical intermediates, the stabilization of which through confinement effects enhances the activity.
A portable oligonucleotide-based microfluidic device for the detection of VEGF165 in a three-step suspended-droplet mode
Authors: Ko Chung-Nga , Sun Han , Wu Ke-Jia , Leung Chung-Hang , Ren Kangning , Ma Dik-Lung
Published: May 2019

We successfully applied a G-quadruplex-based VEGF165 aptasensing platform to a suspended droplet-based portable microfluidic device using a polypropylene-based chip.
Bi2S3 nanorod-stacked hollow microtubes self-assembled from bismuth-based metal–organic frameworks as advanced negative electrodes for hybrid supercapacitors
Authors: Yu Xianbo , Zhou Jiaojiao , Li Qin , Zhao Wen-Na , Zhao Shihang , Chen Hongmei , Tao Kai , Han Lei
Published: May 2019

Bi2S3 nanorods-stacked hollow microtubes as negative electrode for supercapacitors are derived from Bi-based MOFs microprisms.
Investigations into the mechanism of copper-mediated Glaser–Hay couplings using electrochemical techniques
Authors: Seavill Peter W. , Holt Katherine B. , Wilden Jonathan D.
Published: May 2019

Electrochemical control has been utilised to facilitate the generation and identification of a Cu(i) complex (‘Jagner’s complex’) capable of promoting Glaser–Hay coupling reactions.
Quantitative analysis of Pb in soil samples by laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy with a simplified standard addition method
Authors: Wu C. , Sun D. X. , Su M. G. , Yin Y. P. , Han W. W. , Lu Q. F. , Dong C. Z.
Published: May 2019

In this work, different soil samples were extracted from seven sites in the vicinity of the Northwest China Lead–Zinc Smelter. A simplified standard addition method with LIBS (SAM-LIBS) was proposed to carry out quantitative analysis of Pb in solid soil samples. The method proposed in this work can be used for rapid assessment of the contaminants in soils.
A homobifunctional imidoester-based microfluidic system for simultaneous DNA and protein isolation from solid or liquid biopsy samples
Authors: Jang Yoon Ok , Jin Choong Eun , Choi Eun Hwa , Shin Joong Ho , Kweon Jihoon , Koo Bonhan , Lim Seok-Byung , Lee Sei Won , Shin Yong
Published: May 2019

The isolation of bio-molecules such as proteins and nucleic acids is a necessary step for both diagnostic and analytical processes in the broad fields of research and clinical applications.
Effect of molecular crowding on the biological identity of liposomes: an overlooked factor at the bio-nano interface
Authors: Digiacomo Luca , Giulimondi Francesca , Mahmoudi Morteza , Caracciolo Giulio
Published: May 2019

Once embedded in a physiological environment, the aggregation state of liposomes is deeply affected by the protein concentration.
Mechanical anisotropy of two-dimensional metamaterials: a computational study
Authors: Liu Ning , Becton Mathew , Zhang Liuyang , Tang Keke , Wang Xianqiao
Published: May 2019

Mechanical properties, especially negative Poisson's, of 2D sinusoidal lattice metamaterials based on 2D materials depends highly on both geometrical factors and tuned mechanical anisotropy according to our generic coarse-grained molecular dynamics simulations.
Multifunctional nitrogen-doped nanoporous carbons derived from metal–organic frameworks for efficient CO2 storage and high-performance lithium-ion batteries
Authors: Shi Xiaoze , Gong Jiang , Kierzek Krzysztof , Michalkiewicz Beata , Zhang Shuai , Chu Paul K. , Chen Xuecheng , Tang Tao , Mijowska Ewa
Published: May 2019

Nitrogen-doped nanoporous carbons were prepared, capturing CO2 of 10 mmol g−1 at 45 bar and achieving a reversible capacity of 762 mA h g−1.
Efficient selective 4-aminophenol sensing and antibacterial activity of ternary Ag2O3·SnO2·Cr2O3 nanoparticles
Authors: Subhan Md Abdus , Jhuma Sanjida Sultana , Chandra Saha Pallab , Alam M. M. , Asiri Abdullah M. , Al-Mamun Mohammad , Attia Sara Aly , Emon Tanvir Hossain , Azad Abul Kalam , Rahman Mohammed M.
Published: May 2019

The electrochemical oxidation of 4-AP based on Ag2O3·SnO2·Cr2O3 NPs/binder/GCE sensor.
Highly sensitive detection of microcystin-LR under visible light using a self-powered photoelectrochemical aptasensor based on a CoO/Au/g-C3N4 Z-scheme heterojunction
Authors: Tang Lin , Ouyang Xilian , Peng Bo , Zeng Guangming , Zhu Yuan , Yu Jiangfang , Feng Chengyang , Fang Siyuan , Zhu Xu , Tan Jisui
Published: May 2019

A novel Z-scheme heterojunction with excellent PEC performance and high selectivity was prepared for constructing an ultrasensitive sensing platform.
Clostrindolin is an antimycobacterial pyrone alkaloid from Clostridium beijerinckii
Authors: Schieferdecker Sebastian , Shabuer Gulimila , Knuepfer Uwe , Hertweck Christian
Published: May 2019

A novel antimycobacterial natural product, clostroindolin, was discovered from the anaerobic bacterium Clostridium beijerinckii.
Highly convergent synthesis of a β-mannuronic acid alginate hexadecasaccharide
Authors: Pan Dingyi , Zhang Liangliang , Hua Qingting , Yang You
Published: May 2019

Highly convergent synthesis of a β-mannuronic acid alginate hexadecasaccharide representing the longest synthetic polymannuronic acid so far is achieved.
Enhanced photoluminescence and thermal stability in solid solution Ca1−xSrxSc2O4:Ce3+ (x = 0–1) via crystal field regulation and site-preferential occupation
Authors: Yang Jun , Zhang Jianwu , Gao Zhiyu , Tao Mengxuan , Dang Peipei , Wei Yi , Li Guogang
Published: May 2019

Enhanced photoluminescence efficiency and thermal stability as well as controllable blue-green tuning of solid solution Ca1−xSrxSc2O4:Ce3+ phosphors were realized based on crystal field regulation and site-preferential occupation.