bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The impact of diabetes status on pain and physical function following total joint arthroplasty for hip and knee osteoarthritis: variation by sex and body mass index
Authors: Power J. Denise , Perruccio Anthony V. , Canizares Mayilee , Davey J. Roderick , Gandhi Rajiv , Mahomed Nizar N. , Syed Khalid , Veillette Christian , Rampersaud Y. Raja
Published: May 2024

Few studies have examined diabetes impact on total joint arthroplasty (TJA) outcomes, with variable findings. We investigated the association between diabetes and post-TJA physical function and pain, examining whether diabetes impact differs by sex and BMI. Patient sample completed questionnaires within 3 months prior to hip or knee TJA for osteoarthritis (OA) and 1-year post-surgery. Surgical ‘non-response’ was defined as < 30% improvement in Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) pain and physical function at 1-year. Two adjusted logistic regression models were estimated: (1) excluding, (2) including an interaction between diabetes, sex and BMI. The sample (626 hip, 754 knee) was 54.9% female, had mean BMI of 30.1, 13.0% reported diabetes. In adjusted models excluding an interaction, diabetes was not associated with non-response. However, a significant 3-way interaction (physical function: p = 0.003; pain: p = 0.006) between diabetes, sex, and BMI was found and was associated with non-response: non-response probability increased with increasing BMI in men with diabetes, but decreased with increasing BMI in women in diabetes. Findings suggest uncertainty in diabetes impact may be due to differential impacts by sex and BMI. A simple consideration of diabetes as present vs. absent may not be sufficient, with implications for the large TJA population.
Deep ocean hydrographic variability estimated from distributed geodetic sensor arrays off northern Chile
Authors: Jegen Anna , Lange Dietrich , Karstensen Johannes , Pizarro Oscar , Kopp Heidrun
Published: May 2024

Observations of spatio-temporal variability of the deep ocean are rare and little is known about occurrence of deep ocean mesoscale dynamics. Here, we make use of 2.5 years of time series data from three distributed sensor arrays, which acquired high-resolution temperature, pressure and sound speed data of the bottom layer offshore northern Chile. Estimating salinity and density from the direct observations enable access to the full spectrum of hydrographic variability from a multi-hourly to annual time scale and with average inter-station distances of less than 1 km. Analyses revealed interannual warming over the continental slope of 0.002 °C yr−1–0.003 °C yr−1, and could trace periodic hydrographic anomalies, likely related to coastal-trapped waves, as far as to the lower continental slope. A concurrent change in the shape of the warm anomalies and the rate of deep-sea warming that occurs with the crossing of the deep-sea trench suggests that the abyssal part of the eastern boundary current system off Chile does not extend past the deep sea trench. Furthermore, the comparison of anomaly timing and shape in between stations implies southwards flow over the mid to lower continental slope, centred closer to the trench.
Production of sounds by squirrelfish during symbiotic relationships with cleaner wrasses
Authors: Banse Marine , Lecchini David , Sabbe Justine , Hanssen Noémie , Donaldson Terry , Iwankow Guillaume , Lagant Anthony , Parmentier Eric
Published: May 2024

Examples of symbiotic relationships often include cleaning mutualisms, typically involving interactions between cleaner fish and other fish, called the clients. While these cleaners can cooperate by removing ectoparasites from their clients, they can also deceive by feeding on client mucus, a behavior usually referred to as “cheating behavior” that often leads to a discernible jolt from the client fish. Despite extensive studies of these interactions, most research has focused on the visual aspects of the communication. In this study, we aimed to explore the role of acoustic communication in the mutualistic relationship between cleaner fishes and nine holocentrid client species across four regions of the Indo-Pacific Ocean: French Polynesia, Guam, Seychelles, and the Philippines. Video cameras coupled with hydrophones were positioned at various locations on reefs housing Holocentridae fish to observe their acoustic behaviors during interactions. Our results indicate that all nine species of holocentrids can use acoustic signals to communicate to cleaner fish their refusal of the symbiotic interaction or their desire to terminate the cooperation. These sounds were predominantly observed during agonistic behavior and seem to support visual cues from the client. This study provides a novel example of acoustic communication during a symbiotic relationship in teleosts. Interestingly, these vocalizations often lacked a distinct pattern or structure. This contrasts with numerous other interspecific communication systems where clear and distinguishable signals are essential. This absence of a clear acoustic pattern may be because they are used in interspecific interactions to support visual behavior with no selective pressure for developing specific calls required in conspecific recognition. The different sound types produced could also be correlated with the severity of the client response. There is a need for further research into the effects of acoustic behaviors on the quality and dynamics of these mutualistic interactions.
Lipase-mediated detoxification of host-derived antimicrobial fatty acids by Staphylococcus aureus
Authors: Kengmo Tchoupa Arnaud , Elsherbini Ahmed M. A. , Camus Justine , Fu Xiaoqing , Hu Xuanheng , Ghaneme Oumayma , Seibert Lea , Lebtig Marco , Böcker Marieke A. , Horlbeck Anima , Lambidis Stilianos P. , Schittek Birgit , Kretschmer Dorothee , Lämmerhofer Michael , Peschel Andreas
Published: May 2024

Long-chain fatty acids with antimicrobial properties are abundant on the skin and mucosal surfaces, where they are essential to restrict the proliferation of opportunistic pathogens such as Staphylococcus aureus. These antimicrobial fatty acids (AFAs) elicit bacterial adaptation strategies, which have yet to be fully elucidated. Characterizing the pervasive mechanisms used by S. aureus to resist AFAs could open new avenues to prevent pathogen colonization. Here, we identify the S. aureus lipase Lip2 as a novel resistance factor against AFAs. Lip2 detoxifies AFAs via esterification with cholesterol. This is reminiscent of the activity of the fatty acid-modifying enzyme (FAME), whose identity has remained elusive for over three decades. In vitro, Lip2-dependent AFA-detoxification was apparent during planktonic growth and biofilm formation. Our genomic analysis revealed that prophage-mediated inactivation of Lip2 was rare in blood, nose, and skin strains, suggesting a particularly important role of Lip2 for host – microbe interactions. In a mouse model of S. aureus skin colonization, bacteria were protected from sapienic acid (a human-specific AFA) in a cholesterol- and lipase-dependent manner. These results suggest Lip2 is the long-sought FAME that exquisitely manipulates environmental lipids to promote bacterial growth in otherwise inhospitable niches.
A millennium-long perspective on recent groundwater changes in the Iberian Peninsula
Authors: Diodato Nazzareno , Seim Andrea , Ljungqvist Fredrik Charpentier , Bellocchi Gianni
Published: May 2024

Groundwater dynamics are often overlooked within historical climatology because of their complexity and the influence of multiple factors. This study presents a groundwater model for Spain, using an existing tree-ring based summer drought reconstruction to estimate the groundwater depth in Castile and León (northwestern Spain) over the 1056–2020 CE period. Spanish groundwater volume fluctuations are found to be associated with quasi-decadal variations in the North Atlantic and Pacific Oceans. The reconstructed annual groundwater depth shows significant oscillations around a mean value of 123 m. Changes in groundwater depths include a wet medieval period ( ~ 1056–1200 CE), recurring megadroughts during parts of the Little Ice Age (~1471–1600 CE), and unprecedentedly large variations during recent decades. Aligning with previous studies for the Iberian Peninsula, our new modelling approach highlights the need to enhance groundwater resilience in anticipation of potentially worsening future drought trends across the Mediterranean.
PKM2 functions as a histidine kinase to phosphorylate PGAM1 and increase glycolysis shunts in cancer
Authors: Wang Yang , Shu Hengyao , Qu Yanzhao , Jin Xin , Liu Jia , Peng Wanting , Wang Lihua , Hao Miao , Xia Mingjie , Zhao Zhexuan , Dong Kejian , Di Yao , Tian Miaomiao , Hao Fengqi , Xia Chaoyi , Zhang Wenxia , Ba Xueqing , Feng Yunpeng , Wei Min
Published: May 2024

Phosphoglycerate mutase 1 (PGAM1) is a key node enzyme that diverts the metabolic reactions from glycolysis into its shunts to support macromolecule biosynthesis for rapid and sustainable cell proliferation. It is prevalent that PGAM1 activity is upregulated in various tumors; however, the underlying mechanism remains unclear. Here, we unveil that pyruvate kinase M2 (PKM2) moonlights as a histidine kinase in a phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP)-dependent manner to catalyze PGAM1 H11 phosphorylation, that is essential for PGAM1 activity. Moreover, monomeric and dimeric but not tetrameric PKM2 are efficient to phosphorylate and activate PGAM1. In response to epidermal growth factor signaling, Src-catalyzed PGAM1 Y119 phosphorylation is a prerequisite for PKM2 binding and the subsequent PGAM1 H11 phosphorylation, which constitutes a discrepancy between tumor and normal cells. A PGAM1-derived pY119-containing cell-permeable peptide or Y119 mutation disrupts the interaction of PGAM1 with PKM2 and PGAM1 H11 phosphorylation, dampening the glycolysis shunts and tumor growth. Together, these results identify a function of PKM2 as a histidine kinase, and illustrate the importance of enzyme crosstalk as a regulatory mode during metabolic reprogramming and tumorigenesis.
Enhancing the combustion of nAl with AlF3 coating: gas–solid reaction mechanism for reducing combustion agglomeration of Al powder
Authors: Shen Chen , Yan Shi , Yao Jie , Ren Hui , Guo Xueyong , Nie Jianxin , Ou Yapeng , Jiao Qingjie , Luo Yunjun
Published: May 2024

Hydrolysis of AlF3 yields gaseous intermediates that actively engage in combustion and continuously catalyze the reaction cycle.
Rational rock-salt phase engineering of a nickel-rich layered cathode interface for enhanced rate and cycling stability
Authors: Wang Wenjie , Shi Yanke , Li Pengfei , Wang Ruiqing , Ye Fei , Zhang Xiaoyu , Li Wei , Wang Zhuosen , Xu Chunyang , Xu Dongqing , Xu Qun , Cui Xinwei
Published: May 2024

Engineering the rock-salt phase by Al–N co-doping has been realized for nickel-rich layered cathodes, enhancing Li+ diffusion kinetics, electric conductivity, chemical stability, and mechanical coherence for mitigating chemo-mechanical degradation.
A gold nanocluster/MIL-100(Fe) bimodal nanovector for the therapy of inflammatory disease through attenuation of Toll-like receptor signaling
Authors: Zhao Heng , Becharef Sonia , Dumas Eddy , Carn Florent , Patriarche Gilles , Mura Simona , Gazeau Florence , Serre Christian , Steunou Nathalie
Published: May 2024

We designed a novel class of anti-inflammatory nanomedicines. It exhibited high cytotoxicity to activated macrophages was able to reduce the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines and inhibit the Toll-like receptor signaling cascade.
The impact of co-design-based formative assessment practices on preservice science teachers’ understanding of chemical concepts in a general chemistry laboratory course
Authors: Kaya Osman Nafiz , Kaya Zehra
Published: May 2024

Recently, scholars have suggested a co-design collaboration with instructors and students to effectively implement formative assessment (FA) practices because it ensures a high-quality design that considers users’ needs, values, and goals in a specific learning context. This study examines the effect of co-designed FA practices, in which preservice science teachers (PSTs) are co-designers of FA practices, on promoting their conceptual understanding of chemistry topics in a first-year undergraduate chemistry laboratory course. Sixteen randomly selected PSTs participated in the study for two consecutive semesters. At the end of the first semester, a co-design of the FA practices was developed collaboratively with the PSTs upon the approach of conjecture mapping. Then, the second semester was devoted to examining the impact of the co-design-based FA environment on overcoming the PSTs’ alternative conceptions regarding selected four chemistry laboratory topics: thermochemistry, chemical kinetics, chemical equilibrium, acids and bases. This study employed a conversion mixed research design. To evaluate the co-design-based FA practices, PSTs’ alternative conceptions were identified through pre- and post-laboratory concept maps. The results obtained from both qualitative and quantitative data analyses showed that implementing the co-designed FA practices had a significant impact on overcoming most of the alternative conceptions held by the PSTs in all topics of laboratory investigations. This study strongly implies the inclusion of undergraduate students as active co-participants of the iterative reasoning process of the FA design to promote their understanding of chemical concepts in laboratory courses.
Application of surfactants in the electrochemical sensing and biosensing of biomolecules and drug molecules
Authors: Chen Tingfei , Zhang Shunrun , Zhu Chunnan , Liu Chao , Liu Xiaojun , Hu Shengshui , Zheng Dongyun , Zhang Jichao
Published: May 2024

The fabrication, application, performance and prospect of electrochemical and biosensors based on surfactants for the detection of biomolecules and drug molecules.
Combining QCM-D with live-cell imaging reveals the impact of serum proteins on the dynamics of fibroblast adhesion on tannic acid-functionalised surfaces
Authors: Rogala Agnes , Zaytseva-Zotova Daria , Oreja Enrique , Barrantes Alejandro , Tiainen Hanna
Published: May 2024

Graphical abstract demonstrates fibroblast behaviour on tannic acid-coated titanium, highlighting changes in cell adhesion, spreading and motility with increasing serum concentration.
A first-principles study on the promising thermoelectric properties of SnX (X = S, Se, Te) compounds
Authors: Wei Liuming , Wang Shihao , Zhu Yueye , Zhao Jing , Zhang Hanxing , Jin Yurong , Shi Xiaobo , Ma Le
Published: May 2024

This study provides valuable theoretical insights into the electronic structure, thermal conductivity, and mechanical and thermal stability of SnSe family. SnTe exhibits superior thermoelectric properties compared to SnSe and SnS.
Dinuclear group IV metal complexes based on a bis(indenyl)-(E/Z)-stilbene platform: a potential prototype of “photoswitchable” catalysts for olefin polymerization
Authors: Romero Nuria , Chavagnan Thierry , Roisnel Thierry , Welle Alexandre , Kirillov Evgueni , Carpentier Jean-François
Published: May 2024

Different synthetic strategies towards possibly photoswitchable bis-zirconocenes are discussed. UV-vis spectroscopic and olefin polymerization reactivity studies are described.
Syntheses and exploration of the catalytic activities of organotin(iv) compounds
Authors: Kumar Manish , Nayek Hari Pada
Published: May 2024

Organotin(iv) compounds with/without a hydroxymethyl group exhibit catalytic activity in the synthesis of 1,2 disubstituted benzimidazoles. The Lewis acidic Sn(iv) and hydroxymethyl group catalyse the reactions with a product yield of up to 92%.
A sandwiched Co4-added polyoxometalate for efficient visible light-driven hydrogen evolution
Authors: Wang Zhen-Wen , Chen Chong-An , Yang Guo-Yu
Published: May 2024

A novel Co4-added polyoxometalate Cs4[(Co(H2O)5)2{(μ2-Co(H2O)4)2Co4(H2O)2(B-α-GeW9O34)2}]·6H2O has been made by a lacunary directing strategy, showing high activity with an H2 evolution rate of 1485.95 μmol h−1 g−1 with good catalytic stability.
Approaching the 1000 K energy barrier in high coordinate lanthanide single-ion magnets: Increasing Ueff in the [Dy(Tp2-py)F]+ moiety with tetrahydrofuran
Authors: Thomas Jarrod R. , Giansiracusa Marcus J. , Sulway Scott A.
Published: May 2024

The isolation of the solvated adduct [Dy(Tp2-py)F(THF)2]+, that supports a terminal dysprosium fluoride bond, presents the largest energy barrier for a high coordinate (n > 8), lanthanide-based Single-Ion Magnet.
Layered double hydroxide-based electrode materials derived from metal–organic frameworks: synthesis and applications in supercapacitors
Authors: Luo Fujuan , San Xiaoguang , Wang Yisong , Meng Dan , Tao Kai
Published: May 2024

This Frontier highlights the recent progress in the synthesis of MOF-derived LDH electrode materials, including pristine LDH powders, LDH composites and LDH-based arrays, and their applications in SCs.
Choline and lactic acid covalently incorporate into the lignin structure during deep eutectic solvent pulping
Authors: van Erven Gijs , Boerkamp Vincent J. P. , van Groenestijn Johan W. , Gosselink Richard J. A.
Published: May 2024

We demonstrate the unique substituted nature of lignin following deep eutectic solvent pulping of plant biomass. The incorporation of novel lactic acid and choline based functionalities is highlighted, now calling for targeted DES lignin application.
Boron subphthalocyanine axial groups: a comprehensive set for studying the tuning of photophysical and electrochemical properties
Authors: Zigelstein Rachel , Bender Timothy P.
Published: May 2024

The notable impact of a wide array of axial groups on the quantum yield and electrochemical redox properties provides a guide for future design of BsubPcs and other macrocycles for organic electronic and other applications.
Sustainable and facile synthesis of high-performance nitrogen-doped carbon/graphene@LiFePO4 cathode materials from spent LiFePO4
Authors: Wang Bo , Li Yue , Zhu Xiaoli , Guo Fengyan , Zhang Dingpei , Wang Hui
Published: May 2024

Despite the significant importance of regenerating spent LiFePO4 (LFP) cathode materials to address resource shortages and environmental pollution, significant obstacles remain with ecologically friendly and cost-effective recycling processes.
Phytic acid treated nickel–iron hydroxide promotes efficient electrocatalytic overall water splitting
Authors: Liu Zengfan , Zhang Tingyu , Tang Tiandi , Li Jun
Published: May 2024

Phytic acid-treated NiFe-LDH exposes more active sites and can improve the electrocatalytic performance in water splitting.
Unravelling the origin of reaction-driven aggregation and fragmentation of atomically dispersed Pt catalyst on ceria support
Authors: Wang Haodong , Choi Hyuk , Shimogawa Ryuichi , Li Yuanyuan , Zhang Lihua , Kim Hyun You , Frenkel Anatoly I.
Published: May 2024

CO-induced fragmentation of platinum nanoparticles on undercoordinated ceria support.
Organometallic copper(ii) complex of meso–meso N-methyl N-confused pyrrole-bridged doubly N-methyl N-confused hexaphyrin
Authors: Jana Manik , Blasco Daniel , Sundholm Dage , Rath Harapriya
Published: May 2024

Dual macrocyclic π-conjugation in the paramagnetic Cu(II) organometallic complex of meso-meso N-methyl N-confused pyrrole bridged highly stable nonaromatic doubly N-methyl N-confused hexaphyrin analogue .
Novel thermal initiator systems for radical induced cationic frontal polymerization
Authors: Bassenheim David , Mitterbauer Moritz , Liska Robert , Knaack Patrick
Published: May 2024

Frontal polymerization is an extremely efficient and rapid method for producing bulk polymers, characterized by a self-sustaining curing front that propagates throughout the resin.
Copper-catalyzed sulfonamidation of enol silyl ether via SO2 insertion towards the synthesis of β-keto sulfonamides
Authors: Zeng Qinqiong , Gong Yujia , Zhang Xuemei , Lian Zhong
Published: May 2024

This method offers a simple, effective pathway for synthesizing diverse β-keto sulfonamides with satisfactory yields under mild conditions, showing broad substrate compatibility and good tolerance towards various functional groups.
Stabilization of NCM811 cathode interface through macromolecular compound protective film formed by 2,5-bis(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)-benzoic acid additive in lithium metal batteries
Authors: Hou Yixin , Song Daiheng , Zhang Peiyao , Zhang Bowen , Dai Ding , Tan Huifeng
Published: May 2024

2,5-Bis(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)-benzoic acid forms a protective film of poly(trifluoroethyl acrylate), leading to improved capacity retention.
Synthetic approach to iodosulfuron-methyl and metsulfuron-methyl metabolites and their application for water analysis
Authors: Rakowiecki Marcin , Studzińska Sylwia , Ścianowski Jacek , Bosiak Mariusz J. , Wolan Andrzej , Budny Marcin
Published: May 2024

Synthesis of iodosulfuron-methyl and metsulfuron-methyl metabolites and their application for water sample analysis from the Vistula river are reported.
Chitosan–PVA–PVP/nano-clay composite: a promising tool for controlled drug delivery
Authors: Ali Mohsin , Mir Sadullah , Atanase Leonard I. , Abid Obaid-Ur-Rahman , Kazi Mohsin
Published: May 2024

Chitosan, polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), and polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP) were used to formulate a controlled transdermal drug delivery system for tramadol.
Retraction: Influence of chemical composition on the amount of second phases precipitates and transformation temperatures of TiNiPdCu shape memory alloys prepared through novel powder metallurgy route
Authors: Hussain Abid , Khan Afzal , Khan Muhammad Imran , Rehman Saif Ur
Published: May 2024

Retraction of ‘Influence of chemical composition on the amount of second phases precipitates and transformation temperatures of TiNiPdCu shape memory alloys prepared through novel powder metallurgy route’ by Abid Hussain et al., RSC Adv., 2023, 13, 29376–29392, https://doi.org/10.1039/D3RA05513B.
Low-temperature synthesis of cation-ordered bulk Zn3WN4 semiconductor via heterovalent solid-state metathesis
Authors: Rom Christopher L. , O'Donnell Shaun , Huang Kayla , Klein Ryan A. , Kramer Morgan J. , Smaha Rebecca W. , Zakutayev Andriy
Published: May 2024

Metathesis reactions can synthesize a semiconductor Zn3WN4 from Li6WN4 combined with a ZnX2 salt (where X = Br, Cl, F).
Unlocking the efficiency of nonaqueous Li–air batteries through the synergistic effect of dual metal site catalysts: an interpretable machine learning approach
Authors: Bharadwaj Nishchal , Manna Surya Sekhar , Jena Milan Kumar , Roy Diptendu , Pathak Biswarup
Published: May 2024

Screening transition metal combinations in dual metal site catalysts (DMSCs) for Li–air battery applications using supervised machine learning.
Bio-inspired, robust, and anti-swelling hydrogel sensors for underwater information transmission
Authors: Pan Shenxin , Xiang Changzheng , Liu Zhendong , Tong Gangsheng , Zhang Chongyin , Zhu Xinyuan
Published: May 2024

An anti-swelling supramolecular hydrogel with robustness, fast self-recovery, and strain-sensitivity was meticulously engineered through leveraging the principles of multiple dynamic interaction matching.
Co-localization of the sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 channel (SGLT-2) with endothelin ETA and ETB receptors in human cardiorenal tissue
Authors: Williams Thomas L. , Kuc Rhoda E. , Paterson Anna L. , Abraham George R. , Pullinger Anna L. , Maguire Janet J. , Sinha Sanjay , Greasley Peter J. , Ambery Philip , Davenport Anthony P.
Published: May 2024

Endothelin (ET) receptor antagonists are being investigated in combination with sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT-2i). These drugs primarily inhibit the SGLT-2 transporter that, in humans, is thought to be mainly restricted to the renal proximal convoluted tubule, resulting in increased glucose excretion favouring improved glycaemic control and diuresis. This action reduces fluid retention with ET receptor antagonists. Studies have suggested SGLT-2 may also be expressed in cardiomyocytes of human heart. To understand the potential of combining the two classes of drugs, our aim was to compare the distribution of ET receptor sub-types in human kidney, with SGLT-2. Secondly, using the same experimental conditions, we determined if SGLT-2 expression could be detected in human heart and whether the transporter co-localised with ET receptors.

Methods: Immunocytochemistry localised SGLT-2, ETA and ETB receptors in sections of histologically normal kidney, left ventricle from patients undergoing heart transplantation or controls. Primary antisera were visualised using fluorescent microscopy. Image analysis was used to measure intensity compared with background in adjacent control sections.

Results: As expected, SGLT-2 localised to epithelial cells of the proximal convoluted tubules, and co-localised with both ET receptor sub-types. Similarly, ETA receptors predominated in cardiomyocytes; low (compared with kidney but above background) positive staining was also detected for SGLT-2.

Discussion: Whether low levels of SGLT-2 have a (patho)physiological role in cardiomyocytes is not known but results suggest the effect of direct blockade of sodium (and glucose) influx via SGLT-2 inhibition in cardiomyocytes should be explored, with potential for additive effects with ETA antagonists.
Cross-Sectional Associations of Peripheral Hearing, Brain Imaging, and Cognitive Performance With Speech-in-Noise Performance: The Aging and Cognitive Health Evaluation in Elders Brain Magnetic Resonance Imaging Ancillary Study
Authors: Jiang Kening , Albert Marilyn S. , Coresh Josef , Couper David J. , Gottesman Rebecca F. , Hayden Kathleen M. , Jack Clifford R. , Knopman David S. , Mosley Thomas H. , Pankow James S. , Pike James R. , Reed Nicholas S. , Sanchez Victoria A. , Sharrett A. Richey , Lin Frank R. , Deal Jennifer A. ,   for the ACHIEVE Collaborative Study
Published: May 2024

Purpose:

Population-based evidence in the interrelationships among hearing, brain structure, and cognition is limited. This study aims to investigate the cross-sectional associations of peripheral hearing, brain imaging measures, and cognitive function with speech-in-noise performance among older adults.

Method:

We studied 602 participants in the Aging and Cognitive Health Evaluation in Elders (ACHIEVE) brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) ancillary study, including 427 ACHIEVE baseline (2018–2020) participants with hearing loss and 175 Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Neurocognitive Study Visit 6/7 (2016–2017/2018–2019) participants with normal hearing. Speech-in-noise performance, as outcome of interest, was assessed by the Quick Speech-in-Noise (QuickSIN) test (range: 0–30; higher = better). Predictors of interest included (a) peripheral hearing assessed by pure-tone audiometry; (b) brain imaging measures: structural MRI measures, white matter hyperintensities, and diffusion tensor imaging measures; and (c) cognitive performance assessed by a battery of 10 cognitive tests. All predictors were standardized to
z
scores. We estimated the differences in QuickSIN associated with every standard deviation (
SD
) worse in each predictor (peripheral hearing, brain imaging, and cognition) using multivariable-adjusted linear regression, adjusting for demographic variables, lifestyle, and disease factors (Model 1), and, additionally, for other predictors to assess independent associations (Model 2).

Results:

Participants were aged 70–84 years, 56% female, and 17% Black. Every
SD
worse in better-ear 4-frequency pure-tone average was associated with worse QuickSIN (−4.89, 95% confidence interval, CI [−5.57, −4.21]) when participants had peripheral hearing loss, independent of other predictors. Smaller temporal lobe volume was associated with worse QuickSIN, but the association was not independent of other predictors (−0.30, 95% CI [−0.86, 0.26]). Every
SD
worse in global cognitive performance was independently associated with worse QuickSIN (−0.90, 95% CI [−1.30, −0.50]).

Conclusions:

Peripheral hearing and cognitive performance are independently associated with speech-in-noise performance among dementia-free older adults. The ongoing ACHIEVE trial will elucidate the effect of a hearing intervention that includes amplification and auditory rehabilitation on speech-in-noise understanding in older adults.

Supplemental Material:

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.25733679
Attentional Orienting and Disfluency-Related Memory Boost Are Intact in Adults With Moderate–Severe Traumatic Brain Injury
Authors: Diachek Evgeniia , Brown-Schmidt Sarah , Duff Melissa
Published: May 2024

Purpose:

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is associated with a range of cognitive-communicative deficits that interfere with everyday communication and social interaction. Considerable effort has been directed at characterizing the nature and scope of cognitive-communication disorders in TBI, yet the underlying mechanisms of impairment are largely unspecified. The present research examines sensitivity to a common communicative cue, disfluency, and its impact on memory for spoken language in TBI.

Method:

Fifty-three participants with moderate–severe TBI and 53 noninjured comparison participants listened to a series of sentences, some of which contained disfluencies. A subsequent memory test probed memory for critical words in the sentences.

Results:

Participants with TBI successfully remembered the spoken words (
b
= 1.57,
p
< .0001) at a similar level to noninjured comparison participants. Critically, participants with TBI also exhibited better recognition memory for words preceded by disfluency compared to words from fluent sentences (
b
= 0.57,
p
= .02).

Conclusions:

These findings advance mechanistic accounts of cognitive-communication disorder by revealing that, when isolated for experimental study, individuals with moderate–severe TBI are sensitive to attentional orienting cues in speech and exhibit enhanced recognition of individual words preceded by disfluency. These results suggest that some aspects of cognitive-communication disorders may not emerge from an inability to perceive and use individual communication cues, but rather from disruptions in managing (i.e., attending, weighting, integrating) multiple cognitive, communicative, and social cues in complex and dynamic interactions. This hypothesis warrants further investigation.
Chinese Emotional Speech Audiometry Project (CESAP): Establishment and Validation of a New Material Set With Emotionally Neutral Disyllabic Words
Authors: Tang Enze , Gong Jie , Zhang Jing , Zhang Jiaqi , Fang Ruomei , Guan Jingjing , Ding Hongwei
Published: May 2024

Purpose:

The Chinese Emotional Speech Audiometry Project (CESAP) aims to establish a new material set for Chinese speech audiometry tests, which can be used in both neutral and emotional prosody settings. As the first endeavor of CESAP, this study demonstrates the development of the material foundation and reports its validation in neutral prosody.

Method:

In the development step, 40 phonetically balanced word lists consisting of 30 Chinese disyllabic words with neutral valence were first generated. In a following affective rating experiment, 35 word lists were qualified for validation based on the familiarity and valence ratings from 30 normal-hearing (NH) participants. For validation, performance-intensity functions of each word list were fitted with responses from 60 NH subjects under six presentation levels (−1, 3, 5, 7, 11, and 20 dB HL). The final material set was determined by the intelligibility scores at each decibel level and the mean slopes.

Results:

First, 35 lists satisfied the criteria of phonetic balance, limited repetitions, high familiarity, and neutral valence and were selected for validation. Second, 15 lists were compiled in the final material set based on the pairwise differences in intelligibility scores and the fitted 20%–80% slopes. The established material set had high reliability and validity and was sensitive to detect intelligibility changes (50% slope: 6.20%/dB; 20%–80% slope: 5.45%/dB), with small covariance of variation for thresholds (15%), 50% slope (12%), and 20%–80% slope (12%).

Conclusion:

Our final material set of 15 word lists takes the initiative to control the emotional aspect of audiometry tests, which enriches available Mandarin speech recognition materials and warrants future assessments in emotional prosody among populations with hearing impairments.

Supplemental Material:

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.25742814
Effect of Age and Unaided Acoustic Hearing on Pediatric Cochlear Implant Users' Ability to Distinguish Yes/No Statements and Questions
Authors: Buss Emily , Richter Margaret E. , Sweeney Victoria N. , Davis Amanda G. , Dillon Margaret T. , Park Lisa R.
Published: May 2024

Purpose:

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the ability to discriminate yes/no questions from statements in three groups of children: bilateral cochlear implant (CI) users, nontraditional CI users with aidable hearing preoperatively in the ear to be implanted, and controls with normal hearing. Half of the nontraditional CI users had sufficient postoperative acoustic hearing in the implanted ear to use electric–acoustic stimulation, and half used a CI alone.

Method:

Participants heard recorded sentences that were produced either as yes/no questions or as statements by three male and three female talkers. Three raters scored each participant response as either a question or a statement. Bilateral CI users (
n
= 40, 4–12 years old) and normal-hearing controls (
n
= 10, 4–12 years old) were tested binaurally in the free field. Nontraditional CI recipients (
n
= 22, 6–17 years old) were tested with direct audio input to the study ear.

Results:

For the bilateral CI users, performance was predicted by age but not by 125-Hz acoustic thresholds; just under half (
n
= 17) of the participants in this group had measurable 125-Hz thresholds in their better ear. For nontraditional CI recipients, better performance was predicted by lower 125-Hz acoustic thresholds in the test ear, and there was no association with participant age. Performance approached that of the normal-hearing controls for some participants in each group.

Conclusions:

Results suggest that a 125-Hz acoustic hearing supports discrimination of yes/no questions and statements in pediatric CI users. Bilateral CI users with little or no acoustic hearing at 125 Hz develop the ability to perform this task, but that ability emerges later than for children with better acoustic hearing. These results underscore the importance of preserving acoustic hearing for pediatric CI users when possible.
Triple‐indexed passive islanding detection strategy for grid‐connected distributed generation networks using an extended Kalman filter
Authors: Larik Nauman Ali , Li Mengshi , Wu Qinghua
Published: May 2024

Islanding detection is a challenging issue in modern grid‐connected distributed generation networks (GCDGN). Generally, islanding detection has two categories local and remote, local schemes can be categorized into active, passive, and hybrid schemes. This article proposes a triple‐indexed passive islanding detection (TIPID) scheme using an extended Kalman filter (EKF). Initially, the EKF algorithm is applied on voltage signal at the point of the common coupling to estimate the desired fundamental and non‐fundamental features. The first index, known as the cumulative voltage logarithmic index, is computed by taking the natural logarithm of the fundamental voltage features to detect any variations in the GCDGN. The second index, known as the voltage differentiation index (VDI), is calculated from the fundamental voltage features, while the third index, known as the odd‐order harmonic distortion index (OOHDI), is obtained from the non‐fundamental odd‐order harmonics of the PCC voltage. Then, the VDI and OOHDI are compared to pre‐defined threshold to detect/distinguish islanding events. The proposed TIPID method is validated through extensive simulations on the IEEE 13‐bus test bed via MATLAB/Simulink 2022b. Results show that under both balanced/unbalanced load & generation, the proposed TIPID approach detects islanding occurrences with reduced non‐detection zone (NDZ) in less than 5 ms.
The study of the joint effect of the probiotic and the sorbent in the growing of pigs
Authors: Pskhatsieva Zemfira , Bulatseva Svetlana , Yurin Denis , Tletseruk Irina , Gneush Anna
Published: May 2024

The purpose of the experiment was to study the joint action of the probiotic and the sorbent of the active carbon feed additive (ACFA). The control group received the farm ration. The experimental group received, in addition to the diet of the farm, the Sporotermin probiotic and ACFA 400 g/t of feed. The pigs of the experimental group were significantly ahead of the animals from the control group in absolute gains - by 11.4%. The digestibility of dry matter in the experimental group was significantly higher - by 2.15%, organic matter - by 3.48%, protein - by 4.44%. According to the results of the study, it can be concluded that when feeding young fattening pigs with feed additives in the form of a sorbent and a probiotic, the digestibility coefficients of feed nutrients increase.
Experience of using autologous cornea for deep and penetrating keratoplasty in dogs and cats
Authors: Saroyan Sergey , Goncharova Anna , Shtaufen Alexandra
Published: May 2024

This paper presents a generalized experience in the treatment of deep corneal ulcers, descemetoceles and perforated corneal ulcers in which keratoplasty was used using autologous cornea. Deep corneal ulcers are characterized by an acute inflammatory process and the risk of developing many complications leading to loss of vision. Conservative treatment of such pathologies takes a long time and is not always successful. Keratoplasty for corneal transplantation is considered an effective method. The outcome of the operation depends on the transplanted material and postoperative treatment tactics. The work conducted a study on the effectiveness of using autologous cornea in 32 animals with subsequent inclusion of a regenerative drug in the treatment regimen. The authors describe the clinical picture, the surgical technique, and provide the results of dynamic observation of animals. Based on the results of clinical observations, it was established that the use of autologous cornea for deep corneal ulcers can be an effective treatment method. In none of the 32 cases examined, rejection was recorded, while the morphofunctional characteristics of the cornea were preserved. Drug maintenance therapy, including a regenerative drug, showed good results in the postoperative period. The use of a regenerative drug accelerated the healing process and made it possible to maintain the transparency of the cornea and its curvature.
Studying the effectiveness of disinfectants for ascospherosis of bees in laboratory and apiary conditions
Authors: Gruznov D.V. , Smirnov A.M. , Sokhlikov A.B. , Luganskiy S.N. , Gruznova O.A.
Published: May 2024

Ascospherosis of bees is an infectious disease that leads to the death of bee colonies and causes serious economic damage to the beekeeping industry. The purpose of this work is to develop disinfection regimes for beekeeping objects using effective and environmentally friendly preparations of domestic production that don’t contaminate commercial products. The studies were carried out in accordance with well-known instructions, methodological requirements and methods. Based on literature data, a number of preparations that meet the above requirements were selected. Based on the results of laboratory studies and apiary tests of selected preparations, effective regimes were selected that ensure reliable disinfection of beekeeping objects in case of ascospherosis of bees.
Impact of Vitamin D Status on Irisin Hormone Level in Type 2 Diabetic Iraqi Women
Authors: Al-Sallami Zayad Hakim Rahim , Smesim Aevan Ahsan Ali , Al-Janabi Dhafer Rahman Abed , Algenabi Abdul Hussein Alwan
Published: May 2024

Irisin, a hormone discovered in 2012, has gained attention for its potential role in regulating metabolism and promoting fat burning. This study was conducted on 180 women from Najaf Governorate/Iraq with T2DM who were divided into two main groups: the first group 90 T2DM with vitamin D deficiency and the second group 90 T2DM without vitamin D deficiency. Serum 25(OH)D and irisin levels were analyzed for the purpose of knowing the effect of vitamin D status on circulating irisin in relation to lipid profile and glycemic control in women with type 2 diabetes.The finding of the current study has been signified the effect of vitamin D deficiency may on serum irisin level in T2DM women. The vitamin D-deficient T2DM women had lower irisin levels than normal vitamin D T2DM women consistent with our hypothesis.
Investigation of Genes Encoding Siderophores in Escherichia coli Isolated from Cystitis Patients
Authors: Al-Zerfi Hussain Sattar , Al-Hilu Suad Abdulhadi
Published: May 2024

Pathogenic bacteria represented a challenge in acquiring iron as it is typically bound to heme or by proteins like transferrin or lactoferrin in the body, to overcome this challenge, uropathogenic Escherichia.coli uses various strategies to capture iron, with siderophores being one of these strategies. Therefore, in this study aimed to identify the specific gene types (iucA, iroN and irp2) responsible for siderophore production in uropathogenic E.coli in the presence of FeSO4. And potential implications for understanding the role of siderophores in cystitis. A total of 300 urine samples were collected from patients with signs and symptoms of UTIs. The boiling method was used for DNA extraction, followed by the analysis of the presence of 3 siderophore genes using PCR. FeSO4 preparation performed using serial dilution method to prepare solution known concentration (10-1, 10-2, 10-3, 10-4, and 10-5), Iron sulfate was prepared and tested on EMB medium, the bacteria were cultured by spreading method and impregnated fitter paper, and bacterial growth was measured using a colony counter instrument. A total of 45 isolates of E.coli are recovered from (300) patients suffering from UTIs. Based on the results, it was found that 26 out of the 45 bacterial isolates contained the irp2 gene, while 5 isolates contained the iroN gene. While the third gene, iucA, was not present in any of the bacterial isolates. Additionally, the data showed in the presence of FeSO4 at concentrations of 10-4 showed a more prominent effect in increasing bacterial growth rate, however, cultures supplemented with iron at concentrations of 10-3 and 10-5 showed moderate growth and low growth at concentration 10-2, while a concentration of 10-1 had an inhibitory effect on growth of the E.coli. A set of 45 urine sample of E.coli isolated from outpatient in Al- Najaf center, it was found that the irp2 gene is one of the most prevalent genes in bacterial isolates, indicating its importance as a virulence factor in UTIs caused by E.coli. I found this study as well, the concentration of FeSo4 plays a significant role in its impact on the growth rate and gene expression of E.coli.
Determination of polystyrene concentrations in Kufa River/Iraq
Authors: Al-Khalidy Hiba Ibrahem , Al-Haidarey Mohammed Jawad Salih
Published: May 2024

Currently, microplastic (polystyrene) particles have become of interest to many researchers because they are emerging pollutants that affect the environment and living organisms, especially aquatic environments, because they are considered the largest storehouse of polystyrene. So, the current study comes to evaluate the concentrations of this pollutant in fresh water. To do this study, triplicate water samples were handled from two sites of Kufa River (upstream and downstream) during Jan. 2022. The diagnosis of MP was by using FTIR and SEM-EDS techniques, and the concentration of polystyrene was by using researchers modified spectrophotometric method. The results showed that the concentrations mean for two sites up and down stream was (20-70) µg/l, where FTIR spectra showed the presence of C-H bond and C≡C, while the SEM gave morphological characteristics of MP partials which contain cracks and zigzags on the surfaces of MP as a result of mechanical weathering and exposure to sunlight for long periods.
Estimation the level of Neudesin in Polycystic ovarian syndrome patients
Authors: Salih Saba Ibrahim , Al-Dujaili Arshad Noori
Published: May 2024

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common endocrine disorder characterized by chronic ovulation dysfunction and overabundance of androgens; it affects women at reproductive age. The aim of the current study were to detect the analytic estimation of serum Gremlin as well as studying the relation between this biomarker and Body Mass Index (BMI), age, waist /hip ratio and type of infertility in Polycystic ovarian syndrome patients. Methods: The current study was conducted on 90 women (60 patients with polycystic ovary syndrome and 30 healthy control) ranging in their ages from 15-39 years in period from March to June, 2023. Blood samples were collected from women and serum samples prepare to estimate the serum levels of Gremlin. Results: The results indicated that there was a significant increase (P-Value< 0.05) in Gremlin levels in patients group when compare with control group. Also, after dividing the group of patients into three groups according to ages, we notice a significant increase (P-Value< 0.05) in Gremlin levels in age less than 20 years when compare with age 20-29 years and age 30-39 years, and a significant increase (P-Value< 0.05) in Gremlin levels in age 20-29 years when compare with age 30-39 years. On the other hand, when dividing the group of patients according to body mass index we notice a significant decrease (P-Value< 0.05) in Gremlin level in overweight group when compare with obese group and significant decrease (P-Value< 0.05) in Gremlin level in moderate W/H ratio group when compare with high W/H ratio group and no significant difference found between primary and secondary infertility. Conclusion: The current study concluded that a Gremlin is a prognostic marker in early detection of polycystic ovarian syndrome.
Evaluation Levels of IL-17 and IL-10 in Serum Patients of Lung Cancer in Both Types Non-Small Cell Carcinoma and Small Cell Carcinoma in Al Najaf province/Iraq
Authors: Al Araji Hashim Mohammed Hashim , Hassan Baydaa A.
Published: May 2024

The current study utilized cytokines as biomarkers where play a pivotal role in the suppressive or progression of lung cancer and are used to regulate of immune response of patients with lung cancer, samples were collected from cases of patients who suffer from clinical symptoms of disease and from both sexes specifically from the center of Middle Euphrates Cancer in the government of Al-Najaf at the period from (December, 2022 to the end of March, 2023) where comprised 176 samples as 120 cases represent lung cancer and 56 cases as the apparently healthy control group, 120 cases were comprised as non-small cell carcinoma cases of patients representing 96 (80%) divided in to into 46(47.9%) cases of squamous cell carcinoma,32 cases of adenocarcinoma (33.3%), and 18 (18.7%) cases of large cell carcinoma, while 24 (20%) represented cases of small cell carcinoma, taking of blood samples from all patients cases then separated to obtain of serum for detection levels of IL-17 and IL-10 via the using of Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) apparatus that measured the serum levels of IL-17 in lung cancer patients and were showed (0.2309 ± 0.06659) pg/ml significantly at (p≤ 0.05) compared with the apparently healthy control group (0.1377 ± 0.0117) pg/ml, as well as it observed higher significant (p ≤ 0.05) for levels of IL-10 in patients serum (0.392 ± 0.002333) pg/ml than the apparently healthy control group(0.2089 ± 0.003074) pg/ml.