bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Exercising healthy behaviors: A latent class analysis of positive coping during the COVID-19 pandemic and associations with alcohol-related and mental health outcomes
Authors: McCabe Emma M. , Luk Jeremy W. , Stangl Bethany L. , Schwandt Melanie L. , Ziausyte Ugne , Kim Hannah , Vergeer Rhianna R. , Gunawan Tommy , Fede Samantha J. , Momenan Reza , Joseph Paule V. , Goldman David , Diazgranados Nancy , Ramchandani Vijay A.
Published: February 2024

Objective

To identify latent classes of positive coping behaviors during the COVID-19 pandemic and examine associations with alcohol-related and mental health outcomes across participants with and without a history of alcohol use disorder (AUD).

Methods

Baseline data from 463 participants who were enrolled in the NIAAA COVID-19 Pandemic Impact on Alcohol (C19-PIA) Study were analyzed. Latent class analysis (LCA) was applied to five positive coping behaviors during COVID-19: taking media breaks, taking care of their body, engaging in healthy behaviors, making time to relax, and connecting with others. Latent class differences and the moderating role of history of AUD on six alcohol-related and mental health outcomes were examined using multiple regression models.

Results

LCA revealed two latent classes: 83.4% High Positive Coping and 16.6% Low Positive Coping. Low Positive Coping was associated with higher levels of perceived stress, anxiety symptoms, and loneliness. A history of AUD was consistently associated with higher levels of alcohol-related and mental health outcomes. Significant interactions between Coping Latent Classes and history of AUD indicated that the associations of Low Positive Coping with problematic alcohol use, depressive symptoms, and drinking to cope motives were either stronger or only significant among individuals with a history of AUD.

Conclusions

Individuals with a history of AUD may be particularly vulnerable to depressive symptoms and alcohol-related outcomes, especially when they do not utilize positive coping strategies. The promotion of positive coping strategies is a promising avenue to address alcohol-related and mental health problems during a public health crisis and warrants future research.
“It’s just us sitting there for 23 hours like we done something wrong”: Isolation, incarceration, and the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Rosenberg Alana , Puglisi Lisa B. , Thomas Kathryn A. , Halberstam Alexandra A. , Martin Rosemarie A. , Brinkley-Rubinstein Lauren , Wang Emily A.
Published: February 2024

For the millions of people incarcerated in United States’ prisons and jails during the COVID-19 pandemic, isolation took many forms, including medical isolation for those sick with COVID-19, quarantine for those potentially exposed, and prolonged facility-wide lockdowns. Incarcerated people’s lived experience of isolation during the pandemic has largely gone undocumented. Through interviews with 48 incarcerated people and 27 staff at two jails and one prison in geographically diverse locations in the United States, we document the implementation of COVID-19 isolation policies from the perspective of those that live and work in carceral settings. Incarcerated people were isolated from social contact, educational programs, employment, and recreation, and lacked clear communication about COVID-19-related protocols. Being isolated, no matter the reason, felt like punishment and was compared to solitary confinement—with resultant long-term, negative impacts on health. Participants detailed isolation policies as disruptive, detrimental to mental health, and dehumanizing for incarcerated people. Findings point to several recommendations for isolation policy in carceral settings. These include integrating healthcare delivery into isolation protocols, preserving social relationships during isolation, promoting bidirectional communication about protocols and their effect between facility leadership and incarcerated people. Most importantly, there is an urgent need to re-evaluate the current approach to the use of isolation in carceral settings and to establish external oversight procedures for its use during pandemics.
Vulnerability to Sexually Transmitted Infections (STI) / Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) among adolescent girls and young women in India: A rapid review
Authors: Paul Sohini , Sharma Anupam , Dayal Radhika , Mehta Mahika , Maitra Sudeshna , Seth Kuhika , Nagrath Monal , Ramesh Sowmya , Saggurti Niranjan
Published: February 2024

Limited evidence is available on the vulnerability of Adolescent Girls and Young Women (AGYW) to sexual risk behaviour and STI/HIV. Though there are almost no statistics available on vulnerability, related literature suggests that AGYW have low awareness about sexual risk behaviour/ transmission and the prevalence of STI/HIV, making them vulnerable. We conducted a rapid review of peer-reviewed studies addressing transmission network, prevalence, incidence awareness, common determinants of sexual risk behaviour/STI/HIV, health-seeking behaviour and existing interventions addressing the situation among AGYW (age 15–24) to inform the evidence gap in this crucial area of research. We registered the study in PROSPERO (CRD42023403713). We developed detailed inclusion/exclusion criteria, searched JSTOR, PubMed, Google Scholar, Science Direct and Population Council Knowledge Commons databases and followed the guidance from Cochrane Rapid Review to develop the rapid review. We also searched the bibliography of the included studies. We included the English language peer-reviewed quantitative, qualitative, mixed method studies published from Jan 1 2000 to Mar 31 2023. Six reviewers extracted data, and the seventh reviewer independently assessed the quality. Ninety-six studies met the inclusion criteria. We used descriptive statistics and narrative synthesis methods for data analysis. We also conducted a Risk of Bias Assessment (RoB) to check the quality of the included studies. Inadequate literature was found on the transmission network. Prevalence and awareness of STI/HIV are low among AGYW. However, Female Sex Workers, sex-trafficked women or drug users in this age group suffer more. Age, education, income, relationship dynamics with spouses/partners, multiple partners, and substance use are crucial in determining STI/HIV. Traditional sources of health seeking are more popular than formal sources because of social stigma. Mass media campaigns, community mobilization programs, and life skills training programs increase awareness about HIV, condom use and self-efficacy. The inclusion of only English language studies and not conducting meta-analysis because of high heterogeneity are some of the limitations of the study.
The HN protein of Newcastle disease virus induces cell apoptosis through the induction of lysosomal membrane permeabilization
Authors: Chen Yu , Zhu Shanshan , Liao Tianxing , Wang Chunxuan , Han Jiajun , Yang Zhenyu , Lu Xiaolong , Hu Zenglei , Hu Jiao , Wang Xiaoquan , Gu Min , Gao Ruyi , Liu Kaituo , Liu Xiaowen , Ding Chan , Hu Shunlin , Liu Xiufan
Published: February 2024

Lysosomes are acidic organelles that mediate the degradation and recycling of cellular waste materials. Damage to lysosomes can cause lysosomal membrane permeabilization (LMP) and trigger different types of cell death, including apoptosis. Newcastle disease virus (NDV) can naturally infect most birds. Additionally, it serves as a promising oncolytic virus known for its effective infection of tumor cells and induction of intensive apoptotic responses. However, the involvement of lysosomes in NDV-induced apoptosis remains poorly understood. Here, we demonstrate that NDV infection profoundly triggers LMP, leading to the translocation of cathepsin B and D and subsequent mitochondria-dependent apoptosis in various tumor and avian cells. Notably, the released cathepsin B and D exacerbate NDV-induced LMP by inducing the generation of reactive oxygen species. Additionally, we uncover that the viral Hemagglutinin neuraminidase (HN) protein induces the deglycosylation and degradation of lysosome-associated membrane protein 1 (LAMP1) and LAMP2 dependent on its sialidase activity, which finally contributes to NDV-induced LMP and cellular apoptosis. Overall, our findings elucidate the role of LMP in NDV-induced cell apoptosis and provide novel insights into the function of HN during NDV-induced LMP, which provide innovative approaches for the development of NDV-based oncolytic agents.
Corporate Social Responsibility in China: A Tool of Policy Implementation
Authors: Zeng Jie
Published: February 2024

Corporate social responsibility (CSR) in China is a result of political, regulatory, and administrative pressures and civil society pressures. The Chinese Communist Party (CCP) plays a dominant role in deciding the content of CSR, while the other influences are rather limited. As a result, Chinese CSR has not only voluntary and explicit elements but also mandatory and implicit elements. On the one hand, companies can perform CSR in a way that aligns with their commercial interests. On the other, CSR is a response to the CCP’s political pressure, while corporate failure to satisfy the requirements can result in serious negative impacts on companies’ business. In China, CSR has moved far from its origins as a tool of reputation enhancement and assumed a sui generis meaning as a tool of policy implementation. CSR has been evolving towards legal requirements in other jurisdictions as well, such as the EU. However, in China, the main force behind CSR comes from the CCP, which wields legislative and administrative power to promote CSR in a way that aligns with its political interests.
Detección de inclusiones citoplasmáticas gigantes en un paciente pediátrico con infecciones recurrentes: a propósito de un caso
Authors: Saiz-Sierra Leire , Marull Arnall Anna , Nieto-Moragas Javier , Deulofeu Meritxell , Jiménez Romero Orlando , Mademont Irene , Obón Ferrer María , Serrando Querol María Teresa
Published: February 2024

Objetivos

En algunos casos de infecciones, es frecuente observar inclusiones gigantes en los leucocitos. Sin embargo, estas inclusiones también pueden estar relacionadas con trastornos genéticos raros, como el síndrome de Chédiak–Higashi (SCH). Para realizar un diagnóstico diferencial entre estos grupos de patologías, es necesario realizar estudios genéticos específicos. Dada la dificultad y especifidad de la confirmación diagnóstica, es esencial analizar los antecedentes clínicos y patológicos del paciente, con el fin de obtener una orientación diagnóstica.

Caso clínico

Presentamos el caso de un paciente de tres años de edad con infecciones respiratorias recurrentes. Cabe señalar la presencia de un mechón de cabello blanco en la parte frontal de la cabeza, así como algunas áreas de hipopigmentación en la piel. En el frotis sanguíneo, destacó la presencia de grandes gránulos citoplasmáticos en todos los leucocitos, especialmente en los neutrófilos.

Conclusiones

El SHC es un trastorno genético poco frecuente, causado por una mutación en el gen LYST situado en el cromosoma 1q42.3, que codifica la proteína LYST. También se puede realizar un estudio genético molecular para detectar las variantes bialélicas del gen LYST. Ante resultados alterados en los valores cuantitativos y/o cualitativos en el hemograma completo, el primer paso del algoritmo diagnóstico incluye realizar un frotis de sangre periférica.
Industrial Technology Boundary, Product Quality Choice, and Market Segmentation
Authors: Ma Haoxing
Published: February 2024

This paper studies how firms in a duopoly market choose product qualities when facing two types of consumers: high-end consumers value quality more than low-end consumers. Firms’ highest possible quality (referred to as industrial technology boundary) is determined by an industrial common technology. I consider price competition and show that in equilibrium, an increase in the technology boundary can induce a decrease in the equilibrium quality of one firm. In this case, the firms enlarge their quality difference, triggering a market segmentation. In this market segmentation, the firm with a lower quality does not serve the high-end consumers and obtains higher profits from the low-end consumers, whereas the firm with a higher quality supplies both types of consumers and obtains higher profits as well. This market segmentation causes additional mismatch costs for high-end consumers, therefore lowering both consumer and social surplus.
State-of-the-art model for derivation of analytical performance specifications: how to define the highest level of analytical performance technically achievable
Authors: Borrillo Francesca , Panteghini Mauro
Published: February 2024

To be accurate and equivalent among assays, laboratory results should be traceable to higher-order references and their quality should fulfill maximum allowable measurement uncertainty (MU) as defined to fit the intended clinical use. Accordingly, laboratory professionals should estimate and validate MU of performed tests using appropriate analytical performance specifications (APS). Current consensus supports the derivation of APS by using one of the three models established by the European Federation of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (EFLM) Strategic Conference held in Milan in 2014. It is recognized that some models are better suited for certain measurands than for others and the attention should be primarily directed towards their biological and clinical characteristics. Among others, model 3 should reflect the state of the art of the measurements that can be defined as the best analytical performance that is technically achievable. Taking serum C-reactive protein and ferritin as examples, here we describe the theoretical premises and the experimental protocol to be used to derive APS for MU when a measurand is allocated to this model. Although the model lacks a direct relationship with clinical outcomes, useful information about the in vitro diagnostic medical device performance and the average quality of provided results may be obtained.
Fetal chronic hypoxia does not affect urinary presepsin levels in newborns at birth
Authors: D’Adamo Ebe , Levantini Gabriella , Librandi Michela , Botondi Valentina , Di Ricco Laura , De Sanctis Sara , Spagnuolo Cynzia , Gazzolo Francesca , Gavilanes Danilo AW , Di Gregorio Patrizia , Di Monte Jessica , Strozzi Maria Chiara , Maconi Antonio , Cassinari Maurizio , Libener Roberta , Gazzolo Diego
Published: February 2024

Objectives

Early sepsis detection and diagnosis still constitutes an open issue since the accuracy of standard-of care parameters is biased by a series of perinatal factors including hypoxia. Therefore, we aimed at investigating the effect of fetal chronic hypoxia insult on urine levels of a promising new marker of sepsis, namely presepsin (P-SEP).

Methods

We conducted a prospective case-control study in 22 cases of early-intrauterine growth restriction (E-IUGR) compared with 22 small-for-gestational-age (SGA) newborns and 66 healthy controls. P-SEP urine samples were collected over the first 72 h from birth. Blood culture and C-reactive protein (CRP) blood levels were measured in E-IUGR and SGA infants. Perinatal standard monitoring parameters and main outcomes were also recorded.

Results

No significant urinary P-SEP differences (p>0.05, for all) were observed among studied groups. Moreover, no significant correlations (p>0.05, for both) between urinary P-SEP and blood CRP levels in both E-IUGR and SGA groups (R=0.08; R=0.07, respectively) were observed.

Conclusions

The present results showing the lack of influence of fetal chronic hypoxia on urinary P-SEP levels offer additional data to hypothesize the possible use of urinary P-SEP measurement in neonates in daily clinical practice. Further multicenter prospective data are needed, including infants with early-onset sepsis.
The essential norm of bounded diagonal infinite matrices acting on Banach sequence spaces
Authors: Fernández Julio C. Ramos , Rivera-Sarmiento María A. , Salas-Brown Margot
Published: February 2024

We calculate the essential norm of bounded diagonal infinite matrices acting on Köthe sequence spaces. As a consequence of our result, we obtain a recent criteria for the compactness of multiplication operator acting on Köthe sequence spaces.
High-temperature production of AlN in Mg alloys with ammonia gas
Authors: Reddy Ramana G.
Published: February 2024

The objective of this study was to produce composites with a uniform distribution of aluminum nitride (AlN) reinforcing particles in the magnesium (Mg) metal matrix composites. In this study, experiments were carried out to evaluate the effect of time and temperature on the nitridation of aluminum to form AlN and its distribution in Mg composites. High-temperature production of AlN in Mg alloys melts using the ammonia gas bubbling method was investigated. The effect of ammonia bubbling time and temperature at a flow rate of 0.1 liters per minute on the amount of AlN formation was studied. Bubbling of ammonia gas resulted in the in-situ formation of AlN in Mg alloys, yielding AlN-reinforced Mg alloy composites. The AlN formation in the alloy was increased with increasing bubbling time. The rate of AlN formation was found to be 0.34 g·min−1 at 1,073 K. An average yield of AlN (wt%) was 6.47, 29.65, and 27.43 at 973, 1,073, and 1,173 K, respectively. An activation energy of 59.57 kJ was determined for the nitridation process. The magnitude of activation energy indicates that the reaction proceeds in the mixed regime with control of both nucleation and interface diffusion. The product was characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), optical microscopy, and scanning electron microscopy. The characterization of samples showed that the AlN particles distributed throughout the alloy matrix. The AlN particles formed in-situ are small in size, and uniform dispersion of AlN particles was observed at higher bubbling times and at higher temperatures. The AlN crystallite size increased with an increase in bubbling time and temperature. The XRD characterization results showed that the composite formed in-situ was composed of (Mg), intermetallic γ-(Mg, Al), and AlN phases. The Rockwell hardness of the in-situ composites was higher than the un-reinforced Mg alloy, and the hardness increased with an increase in the AlN wt% in the Mg alloy composites.
Sorption-catalysis-enhanced effects of crab shell derived CaO-based biochar addition on the pyrolysis of waste cooking oil fried sludge
Authors: Li Yanhua , Wu Long , Xu Qing , Li Zhanyong
Published: February 2024

In order to promote the yield and calorific value of combustible gas products in the pyrolysis, a CaO-based biochar (CSC) derived from waste crab shell was used as a low-cost sorption-enhanced catalyst to enhance oil-fried sludge (OS) pyrolysis. The effects of CSC addition and pyrolysis temperature on OS pyrolysis characteristics were analyzed in detail. The results indicated that adding CSC significantly enhanced OS pyrolysis and produced more combustible gas products with CO2 removal. At 700 °C, adding CSC promoted the combustible gas yields and greatly reduced CO2 by 96.9 %. And the corresponding LHV of pyrolysis gas products increased by 26.8 % and reached up to 33.7 MJ/N m3. Additionally, TG-FTIR analysis revealed that adding CSC reduced the formation temperature of CH4. Importantly, although there was only 35.5 wt% of Ca in CSC, CSC exhibited almost the same sorption-catalysis-enhanced effects compared to pure CaO. These findings suggest that biochar derived from crab shell has the potential to replace CaO for enhancing sludge pyrolysis into value-added fuel products.
Pioglitazone attenuate level of myeloperoxidases and nitic oxide in psoriatic lesion: a proof-of-concept study in a imiquimod induced psoriasis model in rat
Authors: Chatterjee Oishani , Sur Debjeet
Published: February 2024

Objectives

Psoriasis is a persistent autoimmune inflammatory condition that is primarily affecting the skin. Pioglitazone (PGZ), a peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) agonist, has been reported to have anti-inflammatory effects. However, the role of PGZ in psoriatic disease remains unclear. In this study, we aimed to repurpose the use of the PGZ for the treatment of psoriasis.

Methods

To investigate its efficacy, we employed an imiquimod (IMQ)-induced rat model. Wistar rats are randomly allocated to four different groups. Group, I served as a negative control, Group II IMQ control, Group III was treated with pioglitazone hydrogel and Group IV received standard drug betamethasone cream. PASI score was monitored on every alternative day and on day 7 animals were sacrificed and histopathology of skin was performed. Level of nitric oxide (NO) and myeloperoxidase (MPO) was also performed using established methods.

Results

The results of the experiment revealed that treatment with PGZ significantly (p<0.05) reduced redness, scaling, and skin thickening, surpassing the effectiveness of standard drugs. Our result also indicates that PGZ significantly (p<0.05) inhibits the release of both MPO and NO from the psoriatic lesions.

Conclusions

PGZ effectively reduces the severity of psoriasis possibly by inhibiting the accumulation of neutrophil at the psoriatic area which indirectly regulates the release of NO in the affected area. Our study showed we can repurpose the PGZ for the management of psoriasis.
Crystal structure of catena-poly[aqua-(μ
2-4,4′-diimidazole diphenyl ether-κ
2
N:N′)-(sulfato-κ
1
O)-cobalt(II)] – dimethylformamide (2/1), C39H37CoN9O8S
Authors: Ding Xinyan , Gao Liguo
Published: February 2024

C39H37CoN9O8S, monoclinic, P21/m (no. 11), a = 8.5267(5) Å, b = 20.1577(12) Å, c = 11.2333(7) Å, β = 105.493(7)°, V = 1860.6(2) Å3, Z = 2, Rgt
(F) = 0.0443, wRref
(F
2) = 0.0968, T = 293(2) K.
The crystal structure of samarium sulfate pentahydrate, Sm2(SO4)3(H2O)5
Authors: Li Ming , Wang Xiaofei , Mao Chunyan
Published: February 2024

Sm2(SO4)3(H2O)5, monoclinic, C2/c (no. 15), a = 15.653(3) Å, b = 9.5369(19) Å, c = 10.199(2) Å, β = 120.36(3)°, V = 1313.9(6) Å3, Z = 1, R

gt
(F) = 0.0281, wR

ref
(F
2) = 0.0664, T = 293 K.
Crystal structure of 3-(difluoromethyl)-1-methyl-N-(pyridin-2-yl)-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide, C11H10F2N4O
Authors: Zi-Yin Xie , Shu-Zhen Xiao , Jie Wang , Shu-Juan Liu , Da-Yong Peng
Published: February 2024

C11H10F2N4O, monoclinic, P21/n (no. 14), a = 8.7616(10) Å, b = 14.2418(17) Å, c = 9.7191(12) Å, β = 107.6020°, V = 1156.0(2) Å3, Z = 4, R

gt
(F) = 0.0431, wR

ref
(F
2) = 0.1263, T = 296(2) K.
EU Finalité Conceptions After Brexit: A Comparison of Polish and German Parties
Authors: Mehlhausen Thomas , Wagstyl Adrian , Karolewski Ireneusz Pawel , Grzeszczak Robert
Published: February 2024

The future of the EU as a laboratory of a transnational community of nations within an increasingly split global community of actors could become ever more relevant, the more the global future of democracy needs transnational cooperation among differently structured democracies. Yet the reality on the ground is complex in the heartland of the respective experimentation as well. Against this backdrop, the article deals with deepening and differentiation of European integration through the prism of two cases: Germany and Poland. While the former is the most populous among fully integrated EU member states, the latter is by now the biggest partially integrated member state having not yet joined the Eurozone, nor showing any inclination to do so in the future. These countries differ in many respects, to name just the Eurozone, defense matters, rule of law, and migration. And yet, in the eyes of some observers, close German-Polish cooperation is just as essential for the future of Europe as the Franco-German partnership. In this sense, the comparison of Poland and Germany promises to unveil problématiques typical for the entire EU, in particular with regard to differentiated integration.
Antidiabetic and antibacterial activities of artocarpin: a flavonoid compound isolated from the root wood of the Pudau plant (Artocarpus kemando Miq.)
Authors: Suhartati Tati , Irawan Andi , Ropingi Hendri , Yandri Yandri , Hadi Sutopo
Published: February 2024

In this study, artocarpin compound was successfully isolated from the root wood of the Pudau plant (Artocarpus kemando Miq.) and subsequently tested as antidiabetic and antibacterial agent against Staphylococcus aureus and Salmonella typhi. The procedure applied for isolation involved maceration using methanol followed by partition and purification using column chromatography. The purity of the compound was determined using thin layer chromatography and melting point measurement. The compound was subsequently characterized via UV–vis and IR spectroscopy. The compound isolated was obtained as a yellow amorphous solid and has melting point of 168.7–173.6 °C. The antidiabetic tests were performed against α-amylase enzyme, using the compound with the concentrations of 250, 500, 750, and 1000 ppm. The highest inhibition percentage of 43.33 ± 0.02 % was achieved with the use of 750 ppm of the compound and the IC50 value is 32 661.08 ppm. Antibacterial tests were performed with concentration variations of 0.3, 0.4, and 0.5 mg/disc. S. aureus and S. typhi bacteria showed high inhibition at a concentration of 0.5 mg/disc with inhibition zone diameters of 8 and 7 mm, respectively (moderate category).
Non-destructive assay of plutonium in absence of gamma-ray spectrometry
Authors: Chaudhury Sanhita , Kumar Ashwani , Patra Sabyasachi , Tripathi Rahul
Published: February 2024

Gamma-ray spectrometry-based isotopic composition analysis is a prerequisite for absolute non-destructive assay of Pu by neutron counting or calorimetry. However, gamma-ray spectrometry can be complicated in samples that are heavily shielded or have a high 241Am fraction. Herein, for the absolute non-destructive assay of Pu, a simple yet potent empirical methodology combining neutron multiplicity counting and calorimetry is proposed, which obviates the need for gamma-ray spectrometry-based isotopic composition analysis. The approach includes stepwise correlation between the parameters obtained from neutron multiplicity counting, i.e., α ((α, n) neutron to spontaneous fission neutron ratio), effective mass of 240Pu, and D (doubles neutron rate) with the thermal power output (W
Pu) due to radioactive decay (measured by calorimetry). Because D and W
Pu both are governed by the Pu isotopic composition, their correlation should be sensitive to the isotopic information in a given sample. Mandatory correction for the 241Am contribution in W
Pu was done using the linear plot between its weight fraction and the corresponding α. The proposed methodology was validated by analyzing several PuO2 standards containing high 241Am fraction (0.02–0.09). The measured Pu amounts were within 8 % of the actual values with measurement uncertainties between 8 and 10 %, which shows the potential of the proposed methodology for the assay of samples having high 241Am content or for the quantification of Pu in heavily shielded samples.
Human Rights Based Litigation in Promoting Disaster Preparedness
Authors: Chamdani Muchammad Chanif , Husnayaini Dhiya' Sholiha
Published: February 2024

Indonesia is prone to natural disasters. The Indonesian Disaster Risk Index (IRBI) in 2018 showed that Indonesia's provinces are all categorized as the medium to high disaster risk class. Losses, damages, and other harmful effects of a disaster can occur due to the high level of vulnerability and the lack of capacity in society to manage it. A human rights-based approach in a disaster context can be a tool to encourage government accountability and also empower society to enhance its capacity. Preparedness is one of the essential factors that aims to build the capabilities needed to efficiently manage all types of emergencies and achieve well-established transitions from response to sustained recovery. Effective preparedness measures are believed as able to reduce disaster impact significantly. Using normative approach (statutory and court case approach), this paper intends to analyze the prospects and challenges of litigation for the fulfillment of preparedness measures by the government.
The Urgency of Global Halal Standards on Products in Supporting International Trade
Authors: Sakti Muthia
Published: February 2024

This study aims to determine the urgency of global halal standards in product certification in various countries' regulations using normative juridical research methods and statutory, comparative, and conceptual approaches. The results found that halal certification bodies in several countries still have differences in halal standards due to differences in halal regulations or policies, schools of thought and culture, and differences in considering maslahah (public interest). Therefore, The Standards and Metrology Institute For The Islamic Countries (SMIIC) must harmonize the global halal standards to protect Muslim consumers globally and reduce international trade disputes regarding the export and import of halal products.
Banditry and Insecurity: Are There Ungoverned Spaces in Nigeria
Authors: Kugbayi Oluwaseun , Adegbami Adeleke
Published: February 2024

Many towns and villages in Nigeria have been experiencing bandits activities, vis-à-vis kidnapping, armed robbery, murder, rape, cattle-rustling, and violent actions in recent years. These activities have continued to escalate despite the presence of security agencies such as – the Nigerian Army, the Nigerian Navy, the Nigerian Air Force, the Nigerian Police, the State Security Service, the National Intelligence Agency, and the Defence Intelligence among others. The unabated bandits' activities in part of the country depict a picture of ungoverned spaces, which suggests that there are territories that are experiencing a vacuum of political order. The study for that reason examines the connections between banditry and the ungoverned spaces, as well as, analyses the effects of bandits' activities on Nigeria and Nigerians. Using the discourse analysis that relies on secondary sources, the paper argues that the inability to govern some territories adequately in Nigeria has created a vacuum for bandits’ activities to thrive.
Santet Delict in Indonesia’s New Criminal Code: Arrangement and Evidence System
Authors: Indraswara Dede , Revianda Chike , Azkannaqi Asqina Ertazaq , Maskur Muhammad Azil , Arifin Ridwan
Published: February 2024

Delik witchcraft or santet is a legal phenomenon in Indonesia related to the act or practice of influencing or harming others by using black magic or mystical beliefs. The offense of witchcraft has complex legal implications, as it involves aspects of criminal law, cultural beliefs, as well as social and psychological factors. This study explores and analyzes the legal and social aspects related to witchcraft offenses, including conceptual explanations of witchcraft offenses, the legal basis used in the regulation of witchcraft offenses, as well as the legal and social impacts faced by the perpetrators and victims of witchcraft offenses. Through an interdisciplinary approach that combines legal analysis, sociology, and psychology, this study aims to understand the phenomenon of witchcraft offenses comprehensively, identify challenges and issues in the enforcement of witchcraft offenses, and provide policy recommendations for holistic handling of witchcraft offenses, involving diverse stakeholders, including the community, government, and law enforcement. This research is expected to contribute to a better understanding of witchcraft offenses and broaden horizons in the field of criminal and social law in Indonesia. This study aims to analyze witchcraft offenses in the Nusantara Criminal Code (Law Number 1 of 2023) and the evidence system. The method used in this study is in the form of a mixed method that combines normative juridical research with empirical data in the field.
Empowerment Model and Fulfillment of Elderly Rights through Elderly Schools (Review of Law Number 13 of 1998)
Authors: Waryatun Waryatun , Rodiyah Rodiyah , Utari Indah Sri
Published: February 2024

The empowerment and fulfillment of senior rights model based on Law Number 13 of 1998 in Tegal District and Central Java Province have begun to fulfill the rights of senior citizens through schools, with support from the community, village government, provincial government, and central government, including support from families with senior members, even though it has not yet been fully synchronized and quickly implemented in each region. Socialization continues to be conveyed to the public about the need for attention and respect for senior citizens by all segments of society, even though there are still societal stigmas that consider senior citizens as having many limitations and being unproductive, and therefore not needing special attention from the government.
Implementation of Go Public in Indonesia at PT. Astra International
Authors: Laniati Ratna , Rahayu Sang Ayu Putu , Daren Bastian Chris
Published: February 2024

In Indonesia's competitive business environment, many companies compete to be at the forefront of their fields. The capital market is one way for companies to obtain sources of funds to support their operations. Through a public offering, a company can sell shares to investors, and this process is known as "going public." Many companies see going public as a way to improve their image, while gaining capital for expansion, product development, and business combinations. By going public, companies, such as PT. Astra International Tbk., hopes to strengthen their financial structure, improve performance, and achieve planned expansion goals. The purpose of this writing is to 1) To find out the process of a company in Indonesia to become a Go Public company. 2) To find out about the implementation of Go Public carried out at PT. Astra International. The results of this research show that going public is the process of offering shares or other securities to the public as regulated by Law no. 8 of 1995 concerning Capital Markets and its implementing regulations. PT. Astra Internasional Tbk, which was listed on the Jakarta Stock Exchange since April 4 1990, has undergone this transformation. Although going public brings benefits such as access to greater funding sources, this change in status also brings new responsibilities and consequences that the company must bear.
The Construction of the Welfare State in Human Rights in Law Number 36 of 2009 concerning Health
Authors: Daisahbeny Daisahbeny
Published: February 2024

In the Preamble of the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia (UUD 1945), it mandates that one of the objectives of establishing the Republic of Indonesia is to promote the general welfare and to educate the nation. This mandate implies an obligation to fulfill the needs of all citizens through a governance system that supports the creation of high-quality public services in order to meet the basic needs and civil rights of every citizen for public goods, public services, and administrative services. This is in line with the concept of a welfare state, which is the idea that the state is responsible for its citizens, ensuring their well-being through services, assistance, protection, and the prevention of social problems. Indonesia is one of the countries that adheres to this system by adopting a minimal welfare state model. One of the rights that the state must fulfill for its citizens is the right to access healthcare facilities, as outlined in Law Number 36 of 2009 concerning Health, which includes the obligation of every individual to respect the rights of others in their efforts to obtain a healthy environment, both physically, biologically, and socially. Every person is obligated to lead a healthy life to achieve, maintain, and improve their health to the highest possible level.
Preliminary Results of Rib Osteosynthesis at the Teaching Hospital Sylvanus Olympio in Lomé
Authors: Damessane Lamboni , Rabiou Sani , Bignandi Kondoh , Akpoto Yao , Keheou Palissam , Alassani Tarek , Abalo Anani
Published: February 2024

Introduction:  Flaps and rib fractures can be life-threatening due to disruption of hematosis. In certain “many” situations, it is important to quickly restore parietal rigidity by costal osteosynthesis. The objective of our work is to report the surgical results of a first Togolese series of rib osteosynthesis performed in the context of chest trauma.Patients and methods: We proceed by a retrospective study on a series of patients treated for severe blunt chest trauma and who underwent osteosynthesis from 2020 to 2022. Epidemiological and clinical data, in particular the radiological lesion assessment clinic, the therapeutic measures as well as the immediate operative follow-up were collected.Results: six patients with blunt chest trauma. They were four men and two women whose mean age was 44.4 years. Five patients were admitted for polytrauma and one patient for a serious thoracic trauma. All were admitted to intensive care unit  on day 0 of the trauma. The radioclinical assessment had noted staged fractures of ribs and/or thoracic flap with an average of six affected ribs. All the patients presented pleural effusions and benefited from pleural drainage on their admission to intensive care, often after a chest X-ray or after carrying out a chest CT scan or a whole-body CT scan. The indication for rib osteosynthesis was retained on the clinical criteria, in particular the existence of a pleural effusion, the instability of the wall and the impact on hematosis, by the drop in peripheral oxygen saturation (Sp02). Despite oxygen therapy above 6 l/min for more than 4 days, and according to the results of the chest CT scan and the evolution of the patient after the implementation of the means of resuscitation. The osteosynthesis material used was “third tube” orthopedic plates molded intraoperatively in three patients, pelvic plates in one patient. The average number of plates used was 4.5 and that of Vis was 18. Two patients underwent osteosynthesis by Judet staple.Conclusion: rib osteosynthesis contributes to a regression of symptoms, in particular chest pain, to reduce the duration of hospitalization, morbidity and mortality, and then improves the functional respiratory prognosis in the short and long term. Despite our reduced technical platform, the results are generally good, reducing the hospital stay in intensive care. This encourages the practice of surgical management of multiple rib fractures associated or not with a rib flap.
Complications During Root Canal Shaping: A Survey Among Dentists in Morocco
Authors: Laslami Kaoutar , Sadel Khaoula , Drouri Sofia , Benkirane Imane
Published: February 2024

Introduction: Endodontic therapy is a complex procedure that requires a high level of precision due to the intricacies of the root canal system. Despite advancements in endodontic tools and techniques, incidents such as instrument fractures, dentinal plugs, false routes, and root perforations can occur when best practice recommendations are not adhered to. These complications pose a significant public health concern as they can lead to potentially severe infectious complications and ultimately result in endodontic treatment failure. The aim of this study is to elucidate the causes of endodontic complications, particularly during the root canal shaping stage, and to identify strategies for their prevention.Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional, analytical, descriptive, and unidirectional study was conducted on a randomly selected sample of 300 private dentists in Casablanca. The questionnaires were completed anonymously, and statistical analyses were performed using SPSS software. The discussion will be enriched through a comprehensive literature search of major databases, complemented by a series of clinical cases illustrating these complications and the means by which they can be mitigated.Results: The study reveals that 91% of dentists encountered complications during endodontic therapy, with 284 dentists (94.98%) experiencing complications during root canal shaping. The most prevalent complication was instrument fracture, reported by 235 dentists (82.75%). Key contributing factors to these complications included forced file passage, non-adherence to the instrumental sequence, and absence or inadequacy of irrigation. However, these incidents can be averted by adhering to a meticulous treatment protocol and respecting the various steps critical to the success of root canal shaping.Conclusion: In conclusion, there exists a disparity between recommended best practices and the current practices in the field of endodontics, which can lead to multiple complications and subsequent endodontic treatment failures.
Effects of Hydrophilic Colloids and Other Non-fibrous Materials on Fibre Flocculation and Network Consolidation
Authors:   Division of Forest Products, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Melbourne, Balodis V. , McKenzie A. W. ,   Division of Forest Products, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Melbourne, Harrington J. ,   Division of Forest Products, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Melbourne, Higgins H. G. ,   Division of Forest Products, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Melbourne
Published: February 2024

Non-fibrous materials used in papermaking are considered under the headings of colloids (positive or negative, hydrophilic or hydrophobic), surfactants (cationic, anionic or non-ionic), electrolytes and other non-polymeric materials. Their effects on flocculation of fibres are discussed in terms of entanglement, bridging and electrokinetic theories of fibre interaction. Various methods of measuring the heterogeneity of pulp suspensions and papersheets are reviewed and it is concluded that the beta-ray scanning method offers several advantages for paper studies. In this work, the heterogeneity of handsheets made from short-fibred and long-fibred pulps has been determined with a beta-ray scanner (Pm14’7 source). The experimental results showed that flocculation was more pronounced in the long-fibred pulps, but that the reduction in paper strength with increasing heterogeneity is greater in the short-fibred paper. Scanning across the handsheet diameter revealed that in some sheets the observed heterogeneity is partly due to systematic variation. In the study of electrokinetic properties of fibre/water interfaces, two parameters-zeta-potential and ionic charge density in the double layer-have been evaluated for alum-treated and polyamide-treated pulps. The results indicate that the variation in zeta-potential with additive concentration is primarily related to charge on the fibre surface for the polyamide-treated pulps and to electrolyte concentration for the alum-treated pulps. The effect of nonfibrous materials on consolidation is considered in terms of surface tension, fibre collapse and hydrogen bonding. Preliminary work on the erect of cationic starch on fibre strength is reported and a method of obtaining lateral load/compression curves of single fibres is described. The curves can be compared to those observed with tubes of differing wall thickness and elastic modulus. Experiments on the effect of modified starches and starch fractions on inter fibre bonding are also described; these lead to the conclusion that the bonding efficiency depends on the state of dispersion of the colloid, the internal cohesion of the dried colloid film and the adhesion at the colloid/fibre interface.
Effects of Sizing, Adhesives and Fillers on the Formation and Consolidation of Paper Webs
Authors:   The Mead Corporation, Chillicothe, U .S.A., Schwalbe H. C.
Published: February 2024

The effect of additives of industrial importance in modern high speed papermaking is reviewed. These sizes, adhesives and fillers will be detrimental to formation, consolidation, physical and optical properties of paper or board, if they exist in a tightly aggregated condition and are poorly distributed in the fibrous product. Data are presented to illustrate suitable dimensions of the solid particles to supply the desired property with the least amount of addition. The retention of the additives without sacrifice of their efficiency is a difficult problem. Alumina precipitates can decrease paper strength to very low values, but can increase it again with additional aluminium sulphate. The absence of sulphate ions permits gain in strength above the starting value. Anionic polyacrylamide, carboxymethyl starch, urea-formaldehyde and cationic melamine-formaldehyde resins become considerably more effective with a closely controlled alumina compound. Recent studies on the degree of neutralisation of alum and the advantage of a moderate cationic charge in rosin sizing are reviewed, as well as an explanation for the improved efficiency of fortified rosin and synthetic sizes. Bridging by polyacrylamide molecules, the sorption and movement to fibre contact areas by molecules and macromolecular fragments from cationic starch are discussed. Evidence is presented for the agglomerated state of pigments in paper and electron micrographs establish that titanium dioxide can be retained at about 0.25 u. Modern criteria for pigment evaluation are given. Debonding reduces pick resistance in offset printings,but helps in the ability to run letterpress paper.
Effects of Soluble Non-fibrous Materials on Formation and Consolidation of Paper Webs
Authors:   Physical Chemistry Section, The Institute of Paper Chemistry, Appleton, U.S.A., Swanson J. W.
Published: February 2024

The effects of soluble electrolytes and certain polyelectrolytes on fibre swelling, beating rate, fibre flocculation, drainage and strength properties are discussed. Pulp fibres sorb electrolytes because of various acidic groups naturally present in hemicelluloses and lignin residues, also because of various oxidation reactions. Ion exchange reactions occur between the acidic groups and electrolytes on wood pulps, but purified pulps are much less acidic and sorb salts by means of surface reactions that are less well characterised. Dilute alkalis increase fibre swelling, beating rate and strength properties of pulps. The effects of cations vary with valency and concentration. Generally, rate of beating and strength properties are enhanced slightly by monovalent cations, retarded and reduced markedly by trivalent and quadrivalent cations, unaffected by divalent cations. Ion antagonism is observed. Electrolytes change the electrokinetic potential of fibres as expected and drainage rate of the pulp is a maximum at the isoelectric point, unless hydrous precipitates have formed by hydrolysis of the salt. The effects of surface-active agents are more complex. Low molecular weight electrolytes have discernible effects on fibre flocculation at low consistencies (0.01-0.05 per cent) and low rates of shear, but these effects are negligible at papermaking consistencies, unless hydrolysis of the salt occurs. The effects of polyelectrolytes are pronounced under papermaking conditions and may possibly be explained by La Mer’s theory of polymer flocculation. The factors that influence retention of wet strength polymers by fibres are discussed. The rate of retention appears to be governed by a diffusional transport process rather than a molecular segment adsorption step. The mechanism of development of wet strength apparently involves partial diffusion of the resin into the fibrous structure followed by curing of the resin, which subsequently restricts swelling of the bond region in water. Little evidence exists for the formation of chemical bonds between pulp fibres and the wet strength polymer. Very pure pulps may be an exception. Soluble gases become insoluble during papermaking and have profound effects upon stock preparation, drainage and formation on the machine and final sheet properties. Foam is discussed as a competition between two rate processes-the rate of introduction of gases and the rate of foam collapse. The rate of foam collapse may be increased substantially by anti-foams. A theory of anti-foam action is discussed.