bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Bats, climate, and air microorganisms in a Romanian cave
Authors: Borda Daniela , Borda Cristin , Tămaş Tudor
Published: July 2007

Monthly surveys of bat dynamics, temperature, and humidity were performed
for the duration of one year in a Romanian cave (Măgurici Cave).
Myotis myotis/Myotis blythii, Miniopterus schreibersii, Rhinolophus
ferrumequinum, and R. hipposideros were observed. The locations of the bat
colonies in the cave are dependent on the temperature, humidity, on the wall
structure, and underground ventilation. The air microorganisms present are
in direct relation with the location of the bat colonies, showing a pronounced
air infestation near the nursing colony during summer.
Summer distribution of the Pond bat Myotis dasycneme (Chiroptera, Vespertilionidae) in the west of Flanders (Belgium) with regard to water quality
Authors: Sijpe Marc Van De , Vandendriessche Bob , Voet Paul , Vandenberghe Joost , Duyck Johan , Naeyaert Erik , Manhaeve Mario , Martens Els
Published: July 2007

The summer distribution of the Pond bat Myotis dasycneme in the west of
Flanders was assessed by bat detector surveys and a radiotracking project
focusing on hunting activity as well as commuting activity. A preliminary
attempt was made to relate hunting activity to water quality data and some
field observations of nocturnal insect activity. This study revealed new records
of pond bats in the area including a small maternity roost. Recorded activity
was high over broad waterways, lower over large ponds and medium sized
waterways and very low over small waterways. Pond bats were observed
hunting over waterways with different pollution levels from mild to heavier
pollution. However more activity was recorded over waterways with mild
and moderate pollution than over polluted waterways, whereas Daubenton’s
bat Myotis daubentonii was found hunting over all waterways regardless the
pollution level.
Efficiently Learning Metric and Topological Maps with Autonomous Service Robots (Effizientes Lernen metrischer und topologischer Karten mit autonomen Servicerobotern)
Authors: Stachniss Cyrill , Grisetti Giorgio , Mozos Oscar Martinez , Burgard Wolfram
Published: July 2007

Models of the environment are needed for a wide range of robotic applications, from search and rescue to automated vacuum cleaning. Learning maps has therefore been a major research focus in the robotics community over the last decades. In general, one distinguishes between metric and topological maps. Metric maps model the environment based on grids or geometric representations whereas topological maps model the structure of the environment using a graph. The contribution of this paper is an approach that learns a metric as well as a topological map based on laser range data obtained with a mobile robot. Our approach consists of two steps. First, the robot solves the simultaneous localization and mapping problem using an efficient probabilistic filtering technique. In a second step, it acquires semantic information about the environment using machine learning techniques. This semantic information allows the robot to distinguish between different types of places like, e. g., corridors or rooms. This enables the robot to construct annotated metric as well as topological maps of the environment. All techniques have been implemented and thoroughly tested using real mobile robot in a variety of environments.
The possible preventive effect of ampicillin on preterm birth
Authors: Kazy Zoltán , Puhó Erzsébet , Czeizel Endre
Published: July 2007

Célkitűzés:
Tanulmányozni a terhesség alatti orális ampicillinkezelés és terhességi szövődmények közötti lehetséges összefüggést és a terhességek kimenetelét, részletesen a koraszüléseket.
Módszer:
A szerzők vizsgálták az ún. kontroll-, fejlődési rendellenességek nélküli újszülötteket a Magyar Fejlődési Rendellenességek Eset-Kontroll Kóroki Monitorjának népességre alapozott nagy adatbázisában.
Eredmények:
A 38 151 újszülöttből 2630 (6,9%) anyját kezelték ampicillinnel terhessége folyamán. Néhány terhességi szövődmény előfordulása, főleg a praeeclampsia gyakoribb volt az ampicillinnel kezelt terheseknél. Az átlag terhességi kor enyhén hosszabb volt, de a koraszülési gyakoriság szignifikáns csökkenését eredményezte (7,1% vs 9,3%; standardizált esélyhányados 95% konfidencia-intervallummal: 0,8, 0,7–0,9). Az ampicillin koraszülést megelőző hatása a legszembetűnőbb akkor volt, ha azt a terhesség első trimeszterében alkalmazták. Hasonló különbség nem volt látható az alacsony születési súlyúak csökkenésében.
Következtetés:
Az ampicillinkezelés leginkább a terhesség első trimeszterében csökkentheti a koraszülések előfordulási gyakoriságát az akut fertőzéses betegségekben szenvedő terheseknél.
Zfp206 Is a Transcription Factor That Controls Pluripotency of Embryonic Stem Cells
Authors: Wang Zheng-Xu , Kueh Jacqueline L.L. , Teh Christina Hui-Leng , Rossbach Michael , Lim Linda , Li Pin , Wong Kee-Yew , Lufkin Thomas , Robson Paul , Stanton Lawrence W.
Published: July 2007

Zfp206 (ZNF206 in human) encodes a zinc finger- and SCAN domain-containing protein that is highly expressed in pluripotent ESC. Upon differentiation of human and mouse ESC, Zfp206 expression is quickly repressed. Zfp206 was found to be expressed throughout embryogenesis but absent in adult tissues except testis. We have identified a role for Zfp206 in controlling ESC differentiation. ESC engineered to overexpress Zfp206 were found to be resistant to differentiation induced by retinoic acid. In addition, ESC with knocked-down expression of Zfp206 were more sensitive to differentiation by retinoic acid treatment. We found that Zfp206 was able to enhance expression from its own promoter and also activate transcription of the Oct4 and Nanog promoters. Our results show that Zfp206 is an embryonic transcription factor that plays a role in regulating pluripotency of embryonic stem cells.

Disclosure of potential conflicts of interest is found at the end of this article.
Cyclopamine-Mediated Hedgehog Pathway Inhibition Depletes Stem-Like Cancer Cells in Glioblastoma
Authors: Bar Eli E. , Chaudhry Aneeka , Lin Alex , Fan Xing , Schreck Karisa , Matsui William , Piccirillo Sara , Vescovi Angelo L. , DiMeco Francesco , Olivi Alessandro , Eberhart Charles G.
Published: July 2007

Brain tumors can arise following deregulation of signaling pathways normally activated during brain development and may derive from neural stem cells. Given the requirement for Hedgehog in non-neoplastic stem cells, we investigated whether Hedgehog blockade could target the stem-like population in glioblastoma multiforme (GBM). We found that Gli1, a key Hedgehog pathway target, was highly expressed in 5 of 19 primary GBM and in 4 of 7 GBM cell lines. Shh ligand was expressed in some primary tumors, and in GBM-derived neurospheres, suggesting a potential mechanism for pathway activation. Hedgehog pathway blockade by cyclopamine caused a 40%–60% reduction in growth of adherent glioma lines highly expressing Gli1 but not in those lacking evidence of pathway activity. When GBM-derived neurospheres were treated with cyclopamine and then dissociated and seeded in media lacking the inhibitor, no new neurospheres formed, suggesting that the clonogenic cancer stem cells had been depleted. Consistent with this hypothesis, the stem-like fraction in gliomas marked by both aldehyde dehydrogenase activity and Hoechst dye excretion (side population) was significantly reduced or eliminated by cyclopamine. In contrast, we found that radiation treatment of our GBM neurospheres increased the percentage of these stem-like cells, suggesting that this standard therapy preferentially targets better-differentiated neoplastic cells. Most importantly, viable GBM cells injected intracranially following Hedgehog blockade were no longer able to form tumors in athymic mice, indicating that a cancer stem cell population critical for ongoing growth had been removed.

Disclosure of potential conflicts of interest is found at the end of this article.
Pluripotentiality and Conditional Transgene Regulation in Human Embryonic Stem Cells Expressing Insulated Tetracycline-ON Transactivator
Authors: Vieyra Diego S. , Goodell Margaret A.
Published: July 2007

Conditional manipulation of gene expression by using tetracycline (TET)-ON based approaches has proven invaluable to study fundamental aspects of biology; however, the functionality of these systems in human embryonic stem cells (hESC) has not been established. Given the sensitivity of these cells to both genetic manipulation and variations of culture conditions, constitutive expression of TET transactivators might not only be toxic for hESC but might also impair their ability to self-renew or differentiate into multiple tissues. Therefore, the effect of these transactivators on the biology and pluripotentiality of hESC must first be evaluated before broad use of TET-ON methodologies is applied in these cells. Improved insulated lentivectors that display stable transgene expression and minimal insertional transactivation have been described for hESC. By using insulated lentivectors that allow simultaneous expression of TET components and fluorescent reporters, here we demonstrate that hESC constitutively expressing the TET-ON transactivator rtTA2SM2 can be derived and expanded in culture while retaining inducible transgene expression and pluripotentiality, including marker expression, a normal karyotype, and the ability to generate multiple tissues of different germ layer origin in teratomas. We also show that these cells retain the ability to control the expression of a stable integrated transgene in a doxycycline-dependent manner, which demonstrates that an insulated TET-ON lentiviral system is functional in hESC. Together, our results indicate that improved TET regulators like rtTA2SM2 in combination with insulated lentiviral-based systems offer alternative strategies for conditional gene expression in hESC.

Disclosure of potential conflicts of interest is found at the end of this article.
The Effect of Snowmobile Trails on Coyote Movements Within Lynx Home Ranges
Authors: KOLBE JAY A. , SQUIRES JOHN R. , PLETSCHER DANIEL H. , RUGGIERO LEONARD F.
Published: July 2007

Abstract:Coyotes (Canis latrans) and Canada lynx (Lynx canadensis) are sympatric throughout much of the lynx's southern range. Researchers and managers have suggested that the presence of compacted snowmobile trails may allow coyotes to access lynx habitat from which they were previously excluded by deep, unconsolidated snow. This could then allow coyotes to more effectively compete with lynx for snowshoe hares (Lepus americanus), the lynx's primary prey. We investigated how coyotes interacted with compacted snowmobile trails by conducting carnivore track surveys and by snow tracking adult coyotes (4 M, 8 F) in areas of western Montana, USA, with both documented lynx presence and recreational snowmobile use. Coyotes remained in lynx habitat having deep snow throughout the winter months. They used compacted snowmobile trails for 7.69% of their travel distance and traveled on them for a median distance of 124 m. Coyotes used compacted forest roads (5.66% of total travel) and uncompacted forest roads (4.62% of total travel) similarly. Coyotes did not travel closer to compacted snowmobile trails than random expectation (coyote x̄ distance from compacted trails = 368 m, random expectation = 339 m) and the distance they traveled from these trails did not vary with daily, monthly, or yearly changes in snow supportiveness or depth. However, they strongly selected for naturally shallower and more supportive snow surfaces when traveling off compacted snowmobile trails. Coyotes were primarily scavengers in winter (snowshoe hare kills composed 3% of coyote feed sites) and did not forage closer to compacted snowmobile trails than random expectation. The overall influence of snowmobile trails on coyote movements and foraging success during winter appeared to be minimal on our study area. The results of this study will allow land managers to better assess the effects of snow‐compacting activities on coyotes and lynx.
Identifying Predators and Nest Fates of Bobwhites in Southern Texas
Authors: RADER MICHAEL J. , TEINERT TRENT W. , BRENNAN LEONARD A. , HERNÁNDEZ FIDEL , SILVY NOVA J. , WU X. BEN
Published: July 2007

Abstract: Predation is the primary cause of nest failure for northern bobwhites (Colinus virginianus). There are few reliable data documenting the species diversity and relative importance of bobwhite nest predators in southern Texas, USA. We used infrared video‐monitoring systems to document nest fates of 127 bobwhite nests over 4 nesting seasons from 2002 to 2005 in southern Texas. A majority of depredation events (83%) were caused by 4 species: coyote (Canis latrans), striped skunk (Mephitis mephitis), southern fire ant (Solenopsis xyloni), and badger (Taxidea taxus). Observed bobwhite nest fates for the study period were 0.50 successful, 0.34 depredated, and 0.16 abandoned or undetermined. A universal approach to mitigating nest predation is not likely to be applicable in regions similar to southern Texas, with high nest‐predator diversity (e.g., fire ants, rodents, and mammalian carnivores). We believe that infrared video surveillance is a valuable tool for documenting baseline information on predator context and nest fate for many avian species, considering the limitations of past methods (e.g., postfate evidence).
Cameras, Coyotes, and the Assumption of Equal Detectability
Authors: LARRUCEA EVELINE SÉN , BRUSSARD PETER F. , JAEGER MICHAEL M. , BARRETT REGINALD H.
Published: July 2007

Abstract: Remote cameras are an increasingly important tool in management and wildlife studies. However, we often do not know if they provide an unbiased sample of populations. Using a marked, radiocollared population of coyotes (Canis latrans) of known social status, we evaluated the influence of temporal (daily and seasonal) and spatial (distance between units, habitat, and proximity to human structures) factors on vulnerability to photo‐captures. During 8 unbaited camera sessions of 6 weeks each, we obtained 158 coyote photographs at a photo‐capture success rate of 1.6%. We were able to identify not only marked individuals, but also a number of uncollared adults through variation in their pelage. Photo‐capture of adults peaked 2 weeks after we established camera stations. Annual success for photographing adult coyotes was greatest during March and April, which corresponded with the dispersal season. The majority of photo‐captures occurred at night, and adult photo‐captures peaked around midnight, with smaller peaks at dawn and dusk. Rather than reflecting a circadian activity pattern, nighttime captures seemed to reflect when adult coyotes were most vulnerable to photo‐capture. Characteristics of camera locations, such as amount of human activity, being on roads versus trails, and habitat type, also influenced the number of photo‐captures. We conclude that remote cameras do not always provide an unbiased sample of populations and that animal behavior is important to consider when using these systems. Researchers using camera techniques need to carefully consider when, where, and how cameras are placed to reduce this bias.
Voltage‐to‐Frequency Converters
Authors: Vidal‐Verdú Fernando , Navas‐González Rafael , Delgado‐Restituto Manuel , Rodríguez‐Vázquez Angel
Published: July 2007

The sections in this article are

Introduction

Basic Concepts and Models for Oscillator Design

Converters Based on Multivibrators

Schmitt Trigger Type Converters

Design Issues and Limitations of Converters Based on Multivibrators

Frequency to Voltage Conversion

Applications

Acknowledgment
Biological Effects of Electromagnetic Fields with Emphasis on Health and Safety
Authors: Foster Kenneth R.
Published: July 2007

This article will focus on biological effects of electromagnetic fields with emphasis on potential hazards (i.e, effects that a person would perceive as adverse to health and safety). The frequency range to be covered is from DC through microwaves (0–300 GHz). Excluded from this review are hazards resulting from contact of the body with external conductors, such as electric shock and burns. Moreover, its approach is tutorial rather than comprehensive. Readers are referred to the sources in the annotated bibliography for additional information.
Shape Representation
Authors: Farin Gerald
Published: July 2007

There are many ways to digitally represent two‐dimensional (2D) or three‐dimensional (3D) shapes. This article is a survey of the most important ones.

Introduction

The Shape of Triangles

Bézier Curves

B‐spline Curves

Nurbs

The Shape of Curves

Parameteric Surfaces

Subdivision Surfaces

The Shape of Surfaces

Triangle Meshes

Volumetric Data
Filamin A mutation is one cause of FG syndrome
Authors: Unger Sheila , Mainberger Anita , Spitz Christian , Bähr Anna , Zeschnigk Christine , Zabel Bernhard , Superti‐Furga Andrea , Morris‐Rosendahl Deborah J.
Published: July 2007

FG syndrome was originally described as a rare syndromic cause of X‐linked mental retardation associated with congenital heart disease, anal atresia, inguinal hernia, cryptorchidism, and other anomalies. However, recent reports have highlighted the more common milder presentation which has for cardinal features developmental delay, particularly in speech, neonatal hypotonia, relative macrocephaly, dysmorphic facial features, severe constipation, and few if any congenital malformations. Thus far, five separate loci have been identified on the X chromosome but attempts at finding the responsible gene have not yet been successful. Given that one putative FG locus (FGS2) is situated at Xq28, which is the location of the Filamin A gene (FLNA), and that a Filamin A mutation was reported in a boy with facial dysmorphism and constipation, it was hypothesized that Filamin A mutations could be one cause of FG syndrome. Indeed, a previously unreported FLNA missense mutation (P1291L) was detected in our patient with FG syndrome, thus supporting this hypothesis and indicating that FG syndrome could now be added to the list of Filamin A‐related disorders. Filamin A studies in other children with FG syndrome would help to confirm this association. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A girl with deletion 9q22.1–q22.32 including thePTCHandROR2genes identified by genome‐wide array‐CGH
Authors: Nowakowska Beata , Kutkowska‐Kaźmierczak Anna , Stankiewicz Paweł , Bocian Ewa , Obersztyn Ewa , Ou Zhishuo , Cheung Sau Wai , Cai Wei‐Wen
Published: July 2007

The underlying genetic cause of mental retardation (MR) remains unknown in about half of the cases. Recently, using whole genome array comparative genomic hybridization (array‐CGH), submicroscopic genetic imbalances have been detected in up to 20% of patients with an unexplained MR, dysmorphic features, and apparently normal karyotype. Here, we present a 12‐year‐old girl with features of basal cell nevus syndrome (BCNS), pulmonary valve stenosis, and MR, in whom array‐CGH identified a 7.7 Mb deletion on 9q22.1–q22.32. The deleted region includes, among others, theROR2andPTCHgenes. Haploinsufficiency ofPTCHcauses the BCNS syndrome and mutations inROR2have been found in an autosomal recessive Robinow syndrome and a dominantly inherited brachydactyly type 1B. We speculate that haploinsufficiency ofROR2may contribute to pulmonary valve stenosis. Because of an age‐dependent penetrance, BCNS may be challenging for diagnosis particularly when the features are not part of a typical clinical spectrum of BCNS. Early diagnosis of BCNS is important for preventing the development of associated tumors and better care of the patient. Our data confirm the previous observations that application of the whole genome array‐CGH should be considered in selected patients with undiagnosed MR and dysmorphic features. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Molecular genetic analysis of remains from Lamadong cemetery, Liaoning, China
Authors: Wang Haijing , Ge Binwen , Mair Victor H. , Cai Dawei , Xie Chengzhi , Zhang Quanchao , Zhou Hui , Zhu Hong
Published: July 2007

The Xianbei existed as a remarkable nomadic tribe in northeastern China for three dynasties: the Han, Jin, and Northern‐Southern dynasties (206 BC to 581 AD) in Chinese history. A very important subtribe of the Xianbei is the Murong Xianbei. To investigate the genetic structure of the Murong Xianbei population and to address its genetic relationships with other nomadic tribes at a molecular level, we analyzed the control region sequences and coding‐region single nucleotide polymorphism markers of mtDNA from the remains of the Lamadong cemetery of the Three‐Yan Culture of the Murong Xianbei population, which is dated to 1,600–1,700 years ago. By combining polymorphisms of the control region with those from the code region, we assigned 17 individuals to haplogroups B, C, D, F, G2a, Z, M, and J1b1. The frequencies of these haplogroups were compared with those of Asian populations and a multidimensional scaling graph was constructed to investigate relationships with other Asian populations. The results indicate that the genetic structure of the Lamadong population is very intricate; it has haplogroups prevalent in both the Eastern Asian and the Siberian populations, showing more affinity with the Eastern Asian populations. The present study also shows that the ancient nomadic tribes of Huns, Tuoba Xianbei, and Murong Xianbei have different maternal genetic structures and that there could have been some genetic exchange among them. Am J Phys Anthropol 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Zur Zerlegung von Gasgemischen in durchströmter Adsorberschicht
Authors: Wicke E.
Published: July 2007

Die chromatographische Analyse, bei der Stofftrennung in flüssiger Phase bestens bewährt, wurde in verschiedenen Ausführungsformen auf die Gasphase übertragen. Auch hier erwies sich, z. B. bei der Trennung des Cyclohexans vom Benzol, dle Sorptionstrennung in bezug auf Trennschärfe und erforderliche Substanzmenge anderen Verfahren, etwa der Rektifikation, überlegen. Im Anschluß an frühere Arbeiten wurde von Damköhler und Theile eine Theorie dieser als „Überströmverfahren”︁ bezeichneten Methode entwickelt, die im wesentlichen auf der Annahme geradliniger Adsorptionsisothermen beruht. Leider ist diese Voraussetzung in praktischen Fällen in der Regel nicht erfüllt; die Autoren selbst arbeiten unter Belegungsbedingungen, „die von der idealen Forderung, im geradlinigen Isothermengebiet zu bleiben, weit entfernt sind”︁. Andererseits ist gerade die Krümmung der Adsorptionsisothermen für die Gestalt der durch die Adsorberschicht wandernden Konzentrationsprofile und die am Schichtende erreichte Trennschärfe von ausschlaggebender Bedeutung. Es erscheint daher notwendig, die Theorie von Damköhler und Theile in dieser Hinsicht zu ergänzen. Da man es bei der Chromatographie ebenfalls im allgemeinen mit gekrümmten Adsorptionsisothermen zu tun hat, sind die folgenden Betrachtungen auf die Trennung in flüssiger Phase übertragbar.
A mathematical theory of citing
Authors: Simkin Mikhail V. , Roychowdhury Vwani P.
Published: July 2007

Recently we proposed a model in which when a scientist writes a manuscript, he picks up several random papers, cites them, and also copies a fraction of their references. The model was stimulated by our finding that a majority of scientific citations are copied from the lists of references used in other papers. It accounted quantitatively for several properties of empirically observed distribution of citations; however, important features such as power‐law distributions of citations to paperspublished during the same yearand the fact that the average rate of citingdecreases with agingof a paper were not accounted for by that model. Here, we propose a modified model: When a scientist writes a manuscript, he picks up several randomrecentpapers, cites them, and also copies some of their references. The difference with the original model is the wordrecent. We solve the model using methods of the theory of branching processes, and find that it can explain the aforementioned features of citation distribution, which our original model could not account for. The model also can explain “sleeping beauties in science;” that is, papers that are little cited for a decade or so and later “awaken” and get many citations. Although much can be understood from purely random models, we find that to obtain a good quantitative agreement with empirical citation data, one must introduceDarwinian fitnessparameter for the papers.
Effectiveness of the GOFER course in decision making for high school students
Authors: Mann Leon , Harmoni Ros , Power Colin , Beswick Gery , Ormond Cheryl
Published: July 2007

The paper describes and evaluates the GOFER course in decision making for high school students (Mann, Harmoni and Power, 1988). The course was based on principles from the conflict theory of decision making (Janis and Mann, 1977) and was designed to provide adolescents with an understanding of factors that produce good and poor decision making as well as knowledge and practice of sound decision skills. Two evaluation studies were conducted to examine effectiveness of the course. Study 1 was conducted with young adolescents (12 year olds). It found a significant difference between students trained in the course and a control group on measures of self‐esteem as a decision maker, self reported decision habits and knowledge of decision strategy. Study 2 was conducted with mid‐adolescents (15 year olds). It, too, found a significant difference between students who took the course and a control group on measures of self esteem as a decision maker and self‐reported decision habits. It is concluded that while the evaluation study fell short of an ideal test, the GOFER course met the criteria of improving student knowledge, raising confidence in decision making and changing self reported decision habits.
Cognitive guidelines for simplifying medical information: Data framing and perception
Authors: Politser Peter E.
Published: July 2007

In this paper, 1 describe psychological guidelines for simplifying medical information — methods to aid the perception and recognition of abnormalities in medical test reports. These techniques resemble natural human editing strategies outlined in prospect theory. The methods pre‐edit data as humans do but to reduce human effort. I review empirical studies assessing these techniques and discuss needs for further research.
Hypothetical and real consequences in experimental auctions for insurance against low‐probability risks
Authors: Irwin Julie R. , McClelland Gary H. , Schulze William D.
Published: July 2007

Laboratory experiments have provided useful information about how people behave in risky situations. In particular, such experiments have allowed for the observation of many deviations from the predictions of expected utility theory. There is some dispute, however, over the effect of the use of real versus hypothetical money in these experiments and over the impact of experience. In this paper we describe auction experiments in which subjects faced a low‐probability risk with either hypothetical or real‐money consequences and varying amounts of experience. Using hypothetical payoffs resulted in behavior that provides a reasonable qualitative prediction of behavior with real consequences, but that seems to indicate a less diligent altitude toward spending the money as well as less concern about the risk.
Random error in holistic evaluations and additive decompositions of multiattribute utility — an empirical comparison
Authors: Ravinder H. V.
Published: July 2007

This paper details the results of an empirical investigation of the random errors associated with decomposition estimates of multiattribute utility. In a riskless setting, two groups of subjects were asked to evaluate multiattribute alternatives both holistically and with the use of an additive decomposition. For one group, the alternatives were described in terms of three attributes, and for the other in terms of five. Estimates of random error associated with the various elicitations (holistic, single‐attribute utility, scaling constants, or weights) were obtained using a test‐retest format. It was found for both groups that the additive decomposition had significantly smaller levels of random error than the holistic evaluation. However, the number of attributes did not seem to make a significant difference to the amount of random error associated with the decomposition estimates. The levels of error found in the various elicitations were consistent with theoretical bounds that have recently been proposed in the literature. These results show that the structure imposed on the problem through decomposition results in measurable improvement in quality of the multiattribute utility judgements, and contribute to a greater understanding of the decomposition method in decision analysis.
The effect of temporal constraints on the value of money and other commodities
Authors: Raineri Andres , Rachlin Howard
Published: July 2007

The value of hypothetical rewards of various delays and durations, consisting of money or other commodities, such as automobile use and vacations, was measured by the psychophysical up‐down staircase method using an amount of unrestricted immediate money as the titrated variable. A model of temporal discounting based on implied constraints on anticipated consumption rate described the data. Further explicit constraints on consumption produced predictable deviations from the model. The concept that consumption is normally constrained together with time discounting may also explain the interaction between amount and delay of monetary reward in determining value and may provide the basis for a theory of addiction based on learning to increase consumption rate.
The effects of strong belief structures on information‐processing evaluations and choice
Authors: Rediker Kenneth J. , Mitchell Terence R. , Beach Lee Roy , Beard Donald W.
Published: July 2007

This study examined the influence of the strength of belief structures on selected aspects of the decision‐making process. To examine these issues, a business‐acquisition decision scenario was studied in an experiment. Subjects played the role of a CEO of an electronics firm and were asked to evaluate the attractiveness of six potential acquisition candidates and to rate various aspects of the associated decision process. We presented half the subjects with information that the belief structure of their organization was extreme, agreed upon, and clear. The other half was presented with information that there was disagreement about the belief structure and that it was more ambiguous and less extreme. The results clearly showed that the decision process is different for people who were presented with an agreed‐upon, extreme, and tightly constructed belief structure when compared to those who received information reflecting a weak and loosely constructed belief structure. A strong belief structure resulted in less positive evaluations, information requested, and money allocated to explore incompatible acquisition candidates (and vice versa for a highly compatible candidate) when compared to subjects using a weak belief structure. In addition, subjects in the strong‐belief condition reported that their decision process would be characterized by less doubt, less time, less difficulty, and less conflict compared to subjects in the weak‐belief structure condition. Implications for both decision theory and practical decision processes are discussed.
Is the conflict model of decision making applicable to the decision to be screened for cervical cancer? A field study
Authors: White Victoria M. , Wearing Alexander J. , Hill David J.
Published: July 2007

The present study examined aspects of the conflict model of decision making (Janis and Mann, 1977) in the context of attending for a screening test for cervical cancer. In addition, the ability of decision coping styles as measured by Mann's (1982) Decision Making Questionnaire II (DMQ II) to predict screening status was examined. Three hundred and two women answered a questionnaire operationalizing the constructs in the conflict model about their beliefs and knowledge of cervical cancer and the Pap smear test. Four screening categories were identified: never screened, not screened in the last two years (overdue), screened in last two years and initiated the test, and screened in last two years and recruited to have the test. Differences in the decision processes of these groups were examined. Women who were overdue for their Pap test showed greater decisional conflict and were more likely to adopt a defensive avoidance coping pattern than those who had been screened in the last two years. Regression analyses exploring predictors of decisional stress and defensive avoidance for each group, except the never screen, showed that the model's suggested pathways were evidenced among the Overdue Group. Results failed to find any association between coping styles as measured by the DMQ II and screening status. Implications of these findings are discussed.
Characterization of the transportation of berberine inCoptidis rhizomaextract through rat primary cultured cortical neurons
Authors: Chen Yunyun , Wang Xueli , Sun Hong , Xing Dongming , Hu Jun , Wai Zhuohan , Du Lijun
Published: July 2007

The aim of this study was to investigate the transport behavior and efflux of berberine through the primary culture cortical neurons. High‐performance liquid chromatography coupled with an UV–vis detector at 347 nm was applied. The mobile phase was 0.05mpotassium dihydrogen phosphate solution (containing 0.5% triethylamine, pH 3.0)–acetonitrile (73:27, v/v). Neurons were incubated withCoptidis rhizomaextract 6.5 µg/mL (containing 1.91 µg/mL berberine) and verapamil, KCN or cimetidine for 2 h, and then lysed in methanol to extract intracellular berberine. A 20 µL aliquot of sample was injected into the HPLC system to determine berberine concentration. The results showed that metabolic inhibitor KCN and P‐glycoprotein inhibitor verapamil could increase berberine concentration within the neurons, indicating that efflux of berberine was energy‐dependent and P‐glycoprotein was likely to be involved. Moreover, the organic cation transporter inhibitor cimetidine could decrease berberine concentration within the neurons, suggesting that the organic cation transporter might be involved in the berberine transport process. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Transradial approach for noncoronary angiography and interventions
Authors: Yamashita Takenori , Imai Shigeki , Tamada Tsutomu , Yamamoto Akira , Egashira Naoto , Watanabe Shigeru , Higashi Hiroki , Gyoten Masayuki
Published: July 2007

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to retrospectively evaluate the feasibility and safety of a transradial approach for non‐coronary angiography and interventions. Background: Generally, the transradial approach is used for coronary angiography and intervention around the world, and experiences have been widely reported. However, few large studies have examined the transradial approach for vessels other than the coronary or cerebral artery. Methods: Subjects comprised 329 patients who underwent a total of 400 procedures (285 abdomens, 68 pelvises, and 47 lower limbs) with transradial angiography and interventions between January 1999 and June 2006. Normal Allen test results were confirmed before all procedures. A 130‐ or 150‐cm long 4F catheter modified to our own design was used for angiography and interventions such as transarterial embolization or transarterial chemotherapy. Results: Radial artery access was unachievable in 19 of the 400 procedures (4.8%). The radial artery was injured during 1 procedure (0.2%). In the remaining 380 procedures, sufficient angiography was obtained to grasp the condition of indispensable vessels for diagnosis and interventions scheduled in advance succeeded. Total transradial technical success rate in the series was 95%. Frequency of complications such as radial injury or radial spasm was 1.8%. No cases of local hematoma, hand ischemia, or cerebral infarction were encountered. Conclusion: The transradial approach was useful for non‐coronary angiography and interventions and offers the advantages of low risk and reduced stress on patients. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
ChemInform Abstract: The Heat Capacity of Deuterated Ammonium Tetrafluoroborate ND4BF4 from 7 K to 348 K
Authors: CALLANAN J. E. , WEIR R. D. , WESTRUM E. F. JUN.
Published: July 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Electron Transfer. Part 105. Redox Reactions of Nitrosonium‐Bound Chromium(I), CrI(NO+).
Authors: JHANJI A. K. , GOULD E. S.
Published: July 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Preparation of Uranium Tribromide by Thermal Vacuum Decomposition of NH4UBr4×1.5 MeCN×6 H2O.
Authors: ZYCH E. , DROZDZYNSKI J.
Published: July 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Comparison of Free Energy Changes for Nitrogen Inversion and Electron Loss. Part 3. 9‐Halo‐9‐azabicyclo(3.3.1)nonanes
Authors: NELSEN S. F. , PETILLO P. A. , RUMACK D. T.
Published: July 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Cooperative Interactions in Molecular Recognition ‐ The Binding of Diamines to a Tetracarboxylic Acid.
Authors: EBMEYER F. , REBEK J. JUN.
Published: July 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Electrochemical Oxidative Cleavage of the Platinum‐Hydrogen Bond in trans‐(PtHCl(PEt3)2).
Authors: CHEN L. , DAVIES J. A.
Published: July 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Free‐Radical Addition of Polyhalomethanes to Tricyclo(4.1.0.02,7) heptane.
Authors: VASIN V. A. , BOLUSHEVA I. YU. , SURMINA L. S. , BUEVICH A. V. , SERGEEV N. M. , TANASEICHUK B. S. , ZEFIROV N. S.
Published: July 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Photodissociation Dynamics of Formaldehyde: H2 (v,J) Vector Correlations
Authors: CARLETON K. L. , BUTENHOFF T. J. , MOORE C. B.
Published: July 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Luminescence in the Reaction of Dopa with Hydrogen Peroxide
Authors: KRUK I. , MICHALSKA T. , LICHSZTELD K. , BOUNIAS M.
Published: July 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Classical Trajectory Studies of the Unimolecular Decomposition of the 2‐Chloroethyl Radical.
Authors: SEWELL T. D. , THOMPSON D. L.
Published: July 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Vibrational Analysis and Calculation of Franck‐Condon Factors for the Vinoxy Radical X(2A′′) and B(2A′′) States.
Authors: YAMAGUCHI M. , MOMOSE T. , SHIDA T.
Published: July 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Regioselective Phosphorylation of Ambident Anions and Electrophilic Reaction of Carbanion of Allylphosphonate.
Authors: YUAN C. Y. , DING Y. X. , YAO J. C. , LI S. S.
Published: July 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Ultrasound‐Promoted Sodium Borohydride Reduction of Pentacyclo‐(5.4.0. 02,6.03,10.05,9)undecane‐8,11‐dione (PCUD‐8,11‐dione) and of 4,4‐ Dimethoxy‐2,3,5,6‐tetrachloro‐PCUD‐8,11‐dione.
Authors: MARCHAND A. P. , REDDY G. M.
Published: July 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: A Facile Synthesis of 2‐Phenylimino‐3(2H)‐benzofuranones from the Silyl Enol Ether of 2‐Hydroxyacetophenones and Nitrosobenzene.
Authors: OHNO M. , IDO M. , SHIMIZU S. , EGUCHI S.
Published: July 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: A Complex‐Induced Proximity Effect in the Anionic Fries Rearrangement of o‐Iodophenyl Benzoates: Synthesis of Dihydro‐O‐ methylsterigmatocystin and Other Xanthones.
Authors: HORNE S. , RODRIGO R.
Published: July 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Preparation and Properties of 2‐Hydroxy‐2‐(pyridylamino)‐1,1,1‐ trihaloethanes.
Authors: BAL'ON YA. G. , SHUL'MAN M. D. , SMIRNOV V. A. , YUKHOMENKO M. M. , YUKHOMENKO M. A.
Published: July 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Cyclization Reactions of Nitriles. Part 38. Stereoselective Synthesis and Conversions of 2‐Hydroxy‐2,4‐diaryl‐3‐(1‐pyridinio)‐5‐cyano‐3,4‐ trans‐1,2,3,4‐tetrahydropyridine‐6‐thiolates.
Authors: SHESTOPALOV A. M. , SHARANIN YU. A. , RODINOVSKAYA L. A. , LITVINOV V. P.
Published: July 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Rapid, High‐Yield Oxidation of Hantzsch‐Type 1,4‐Dihydropyridines with Ceric Ammonium Nitrate.
Authors: PFISTER J. R.
Published: July 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: 1,3‐Dipolar Cycloaddition of 2‐Diazopropane to 2‐Methyl‐6‐ phenylpyridazin‐3(2H)‐one. Formation of Pyrazolo(3,4‐d)pyridazine Derivatives.
Authors: STIMAC A. , STANOVNIK B. , TISLER M. , GOLIC L.
Published: July 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 3‐Aminopyrazolo(3,4‐d)pyrimidine Derivatives Using N‐Bis( methylthio)methylene‐p‐toluenesulfonamide.
Authors: TOMINAGA Y. , HARA M. , HONKAWA H. , HOSOMI A.
Published: July 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Bromination of 3‐Acyl‐2‐aminoindoles.
Authors: GOLUBEVA G. A. , SVIRIDOVA L. A. , BESIDSKII E. S. , BESIDSKAYA G. S.
Published: July 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: New Tetracyclic Guanidine Derivatives with H1‐Antihistaminic Properties. Chemistry of Epinastine.
Authors: WALTHER G. , DANIEL H. , BECHTEL W. D. , BRANDT K.
Published: July 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: A New and Convenient Synthesis of Silicon Element Heterocycles.
Authors: UHLIG W.
Published: July 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.