bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PEMETAAN TINGKAT RISIKO BENCANA KEBAKARAN BERBASIS SISTEM INFORMASI GEOGRAFIS (STUDI KASUS : KECAMATAN SEMARANG BARAT DAN TENGAH )
Authors: Wibisana Alyawan Satrio , Nugraha Arief Laila , Wijaya Arwan Putra
Published: September 2024

Kecamatan Semarang Barat dan Semarang Tengah, terdapat angka yang cukup tinggi terjadinya bencana kebakaran. Penyebab dari kebakaran yang terjadi disebabkan oleh lingkungan pemukiman yang padat. Maka, diperlukannya pemetaan risiko bencana kebakaran pada Semarang Barat dan Semarang Tengah sebagai upaya untuk menanggulangi bencana kebakaran. Pemetaan risiko bencana kebakaran dilakukan dengan modifikasi beberapa variabel pada tiap parameter yaitu ancaman, kerentanan, dan kapasitas kebakaran. Pengolahan dilakukan dengan metode AHP untuk mengetahui bobot pada tiap variabel pada parameter bencana kebakaran. Pada penilaian risiko ini digunakan penggabungan dari ketiga parameter dengan menggunakan matriks VCA dan overlay. Berdasarkan hasil analisis penelitian yang dilakukan diperoleh bobot tertinggi pada tiap variabel dari masing-masing parameter, untuk ancaman dengan kepadatan bangunan, kerentanan dengan rasio disabilitas, dan kapasitas dengan jarak damkar sebagai bobot tertinggi. Berdasarkan hasil analisis penelitian yang dilakukan diperoleh bobot tertinggi pada tiap variabel dari masing-masing parameter, untuk ancaman dengan kepadatan bangunan, kerentanan dengan rasio disabilitas, dan kapasitas dengan jarak pemadam kebakaran sebagai bobot tertinggi. Pada penilaian risiko dapat diketahui bahwa  tidak terdapat klasifikasi tinggi untuk risiko Semarang Barat, sedangkan pada Kecamatan Semarang Tengah terdapat Kelurahan Kranggan dengan risiko tertinggi berdasarkan penilaian risiko menggunakan metode overlay pada tiga parameter: ancaman, kerentanan, dan kapasitas.
Pengaruh El Niño 2015-2016 dan La Niña 2020-2021 Terhadap SPL, Klorofil-A, dan Intensitas Curah Hujan di Laut Sulawesi
Authors: Alfiqri Muhammad Zidan , Handoyo Gentur , Widiaratih Rikha
Published: September 2024

Laut Sulawesi merupakan perairan yang cukup kompleks karena terpengaruh oleh Arus Lintas Indonesia (ARLINDO). Laut Sulawesi diduga mendapat pengaruh dari El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO). ENSO dapat memengaruhi SPL dan klorofil-a di Laut Sulawesi. Penelitian mengenai pengaruh ENSO terhadap lingkungan perairan telah dilakukan sebelumnya, namun tidak spesifik membahas mengenai peristiwa El Niño kuat tahun 2015–2016 dan La Niña moderat tahun 2020–2021. Oleh sebab itu, penelitian ini dilakukan secara spesifik pada tahun tersebut dan ditambah parameter curah hujan, mengingat fenomena ENSO dapat mepengaruhi iklim suatu wilayah. Data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini terdiri dari data SPL, klorofil-a, curah hujan, dan angin yang bersumber dari GHRSST, OC-CCI, GSMaP, dan ASCAT. Data diolah menggunakan metode komposit bulanan dan klimatologi, lalu dianalisis secara spasio-temporal berdasarkan hasil anomali. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa ketika El Niño 2015–2016 terjadi, SPL (SPL) sebesar 28,57°C, sementara itu, klorofil-a bernilai 0,849 mg/3, dan intensitas curah hujannya sebesar 0,1 mm/hari. Berbanding terbalik dengan El Niño, ketika La Niña 2020–2021, nilai SPL adalah 30.09°C, klorofil-a bernilai 0,131 mg/m3, dan intensitas curah hujan sebesar 0,73 mm/hari. Berdasarkan hasil analisis korelasi, diketahui bahwa korelasi antara Ocean Niño Index (ONI) dengan SPL dan intensitas curah hujan bernilai negatif. Sedangkan korelasi antara ONI dengan klorofil-a bernilai positif.
Hubungan Suhu Permukaan Laut (SPL) dan Klorofil-a Terhadap Hasil Tangkapan Yellowfin Tuna (Thunnus albacares) yang Didaratkan di Pelabuhan Tamperan, Pacitan
Authors: Latifah Arlinda Lutfiana , Wulandari Sri Yulina , Kunarso Kunarso
Published: September 2024

Ikan tuna (Thunnus sp.) merupakan salah satu sumber devisa negara dari sektor perikanan kedua setelah udang. Yellowfin tuna (Thunnus albacares) menjadi salah satu jenis ikan pelagis besar komoditi unggulan dan banyak ditangkap di PPP Tamperan, Pacitan. Kelimpahan hasil tangkapan yellowfin tuna diduga berkaitan dengan faktor oseanografi, seperti SPL dan klorofil-a. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengkaji SPL dan klorofil-a di perairan Samudra Hindia selatan Pulau Jawa serta hubungannya terhadap hasil tangkapan yellowfin tuna yang didaratkan di Pelabuhan Tamperan, Pacitan secara musiman dan antar tahunan. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah analisis spasial sebaran SPL dan klorofil-a serta analisis statistik untuk mengetahui hubungan antar parameter oseanografi terhadap hasil tangkapan yellowfin tuna. Hasil penelitian menunjukkkan bahwa rata-rata SPL klimatologi pada wilayah kajian bernilai 26,17°C-29,57°C, serta konsentrasi klorofil-a yang berada pada rentang nilai  0,15 mg/m3-1,20 mg/m3. Sementara secara antar tahunan diperoleh SPL antara 25,01°C-29,99°C, dan klorofil-a sebesar 0,12 mg/m3-1,76 mg/m3.  Hasil perhitungan korelasi pearson menunjukkan nilai korelasi tertinggi antara SPL dan klorofil-a dengan hasil tangkapan yellowfin tuna adalah -0,935 dan 0,965. Nilai ini menujukkan korelasi yang kuat antara parameter SPL dan klorofil-a terhadap tangkapan yellowfin tuna di perairan Tamperan.
Photodegradation of Methylene Blue Dye Using BiVO₄/g-C₃N₄ Composites under Visible Light Irradiation
Authors: Riapanitra Anung , Setyaningtyas Tien , Haryadinaru Ghinatanitha Haqqu
Published: September 2024

This study evaluates the degradation of methylene blue through photocatalysis using BiVO4/g-C3N4 material with the help of visible light. Material characterization was conducted using X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and UV-Vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy data. The characterization results show that the crystal structure of BiVO4/g-C3N4 is a heterojunction between monoclinic BiVO4 and hexagonal g-C3N4, with a crystal size of about 10.16 nm and a band gap energy value of about 2.16 eV. The morphology formed is a combination of sheet and rod-like. This study optimized the photocatalytic activity of the composite by analyzing the variation of g-C3N4 concentration, degradation time, and methylene blue pH. The results show that the BiVO4/g-C3N4 sample has optimal photocatalytic and adsorption properties in sample B (1:3) with pH 7 and a degradation time of 150 minutes. Under these conditions, the BiVO4/g-C3N4 composite successfully degraded methylene blue by 94.14%. The rate kinetics of the photocatalytic reaction followed first order, with *OH species playing the most role in the degradation mechanism. These findings highlight the potential of BiVO4/g-C3N4 as an effective photocatalyst material for organic pollutant degradation applications, offering a sustainable solution for wastewater treatment.
Recent Advances in Magnetic Feˣ⁺/TiO₂ Microfibers for Wastewater Treatment as Climate Change Mitigation
Authors: Misriyani Misriyani , Tian Yang , Tian Z. Ryan
Published: September 2024

Chemical dyeing and finishing processes used in the clothing and textile industries are among the main contributors that can increase the impact of climate change. Photocatalysis using nanosized titanium dioxide (TiO2) has been continuously developed as a promising technology for purifying dye wastewater into simpler and environmentally friendly components. In addition, the decoration of iron cations (Fe2+) and (Fe3+) increases the reusability of the photocatalyst due to their magnetic properties, which are easy to collect for the recycling process. Magnetic Fex+/TiO2 microfibers have been successfully prepared using a hydrothermal method using titanium dioxide in an alkaline solution. Cations were added into the solution with the different molar ratios of Ti/Fex+ to produce Fe2+/TNW and Fe3+/TNW, respectively. Photocatalysis activity test using magnetic Fex+/TNW was carried out using methylene blue in a reactor equipped with an incandescent bulb lamp representing solar light. The results showed that adding the cations resulted in a new shape of palm tree leaves, like titanate microfibers. Controlling the cation’s molar ratio produces the magnetic Fex+/TNW with a 50-150 µm length. SEM images of each material presented the uniformly elongated shape and aggregated on one side morphology. In addition, paramagnetic properties indicate that magnetic Fex+/TNW can be easily separated from the dispersion in less than 1 minute using an external magnet. A photocatalysis activity test of magnetic Fex+/TNW was performed by calculating the percent degradation of methylene blue with variations in irradiation time in visible light conditions. The result showed the effectiveness of photodegradation of methylene blue was significantly increased in materials with 3.3 molar ratios of both Ti/Fe2+ and Ti/Fe3+ with a percent degradation reaching 79% and 70%, respectively, in 5 hours. In conclusion, magnetic Fex+/TNW is introduced as an alternative dye wastewater treatment technology that has reusable properties and works well on sustainable energy sources of solar light.
Życie w cieniu totalitaryzmu. »Pan Theodor Munstock« Ladislava Fuksa
Authors: Znojek Przemysław
Published: September 2024

Celem niniejszego artykułu jest próba literaturoznawczego i historycznego przedstawienia sytuacji społeczności żydowskiej zamieszkującej Pragę w okresie II wojny światowej. Przedmiotem badania stał się utwór prozatorski Ladislava Fuksa Pan Teodor Munstock. Autor wpisywał się w tematykę poświęconą prozie strachu i zagrożenia w literaturze czeskiej lat 60. XX wieku. Przedstawiał obraz społeczności żydowskiej znajdującej się pod wpływem totalitaryzmu. Za sprawą tytułowego bohatera przybliżał czytelnikowi stan psychiczny zbiorowości żydowskiej we wspomnianym okresie.
Umělecká tvorba Martiny Skaly v kontextu intencionální literatury
Authors: Šmakalová Kristýna , Mašát Milan
Published: September 2024

V příspěvku se věnujeme umělecké tvorbě české spisovatelky žijící ve Spojených státech amerických, Martiny Skaly. Analyzovali jsme veškerou její intencionální tvorbu, která byla vydána v České republice: sérii příběhů o Stradu a Variovi (2002; 2003; 2004; 2005; 2010) publikaci Medvídek Kuma: nevšední putování na severní pól (2009), knihu My name is Čičák (2019) a vyprávění s názvem Cesta praštěné slepice za štěstím (2020). Zaměřili jsme se rovněž na publikace, které Skala pouze ilustrovala. Záměrem příspěvku je zaplnit prázdné místo v kritické reflexi tvorby Martiny Skaly pro děti, a tím podnítit další diskusi o jejím možném přínosu pro rozvoj současné literatury pro děti a mládež. Domníváme se, že didaktický potenciál analyzovaných děl je značný, a to v rámci všech aspektů souvisejících s upevňováním dovednosti čtení u začínajících čtenářů, ale i v těch spjatých s počátky dětského čtenářství (například budování vztahu ke knize u předčtenářů).
Maximal respiratory pressure after COVID‐19 compared with reference material in healthy adults: A prospective cohort study (The SECURe study)
Authors: Helt Thora Wesenberg , Christensen Jan , Berg Ronan M. G. , Lund Thomas Kromann , Kalhauge Anna , Rönsholt Frederikke , Podlekareva Daria , Arndal Elisabeth , Madsen Flemming , Munkholm Mathias , Hanel Birgitte , Lebech Anne‐Mette , Katzenstein Terese Lea , Mortensen Jann
Published: September 2024

After COVID‐19 long term respiratory symptoms and reduced lung function including maximal inspiratory pressure (MIP) and maximal expiratory pressure (MEP) have been reported. However, no studies have looked at MIP and MEP in all disease groups and the reference materials collection methods differ substantially. We aimed to determine MIP and MEP in individuals after COVID‐19 infection with different disease severity using reference material of healthy control group obtained using the same standardized method. Patients with COVID‐19 were included March 2020–March 2021 at Rigshospitalet, Denmark. MIP and MEP were measured using microRPM. Predicted MIP and MEP were calculated using reference material obtained from 298 healthy adults aged 18–97 years using the same method. In SECURe, 145 participants were measured median 5 months after COVID‐19 diagnosis and of these 16% had reduced MIP and/or MEP. There was reduced spirometry and total lung capacity, but not reduced diffusion capacity in those with abnormal MIP and/or MEP compared with normal MIP and MEP. Of those with reduced MIP and/or MEP at 5 months, 80% still had reduced MIP and/or MEP at 12 months follow‐up. In conclusion, few have reduced MIP and/or MEP 5 months after COVID‐19 and little improvement was seen over time.
Pulmonary surfactant and prostaglandin E2 in airway smooth muscle relaxation of human and male guinea pigs
Authors: Hanusrichterova J. , Kolomaznik M. , Barosova R. , Adamcakova J. , Mokra D. , Mokry J. , Skovierova H. , Kelly M. M. , de Heuvel E. , Wiehler S. , Proud D. , Shen H. , Mukherjee P. G. , Amrein M. W. , Calkovska A.
Published: September 2024

Pulmonary surfactant serves as a barrier to respiratory epithelium but can also regulate airway smooth muscle (ASM) tone. Surfactant (SF) relaxes contracted ASM, similar to β2‐agonists, anticholinergics, nitric oxide, and prostanoids. The exact mechanism of surfactant relaxation and whether surfactant relaxes hyperresponsive ASM remains unknown. Based on previous research, relaxation requires an intact epithelium and prostanoid synthesis. We sought to examine the mechanisms by which surfactant causes ASM relaxation. Organ bath measurements of isometric tension of ASM of guinea pigs in response to exogenous surfactant revealed that surfactant reduces tension of healthy and hyperresponsive tracheal tissue. The relaxant effect of surfactant was reduced if prostanoid synthesis was inhibited and/or if prostaglandin E2‐related EP2 receptors were antagonized. Atomic force microscopy revealed that human ASM cells stiffen during contraction and soften during relaxation. Surfactant softened ASM cells, similarly to the known bronchodilator prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and the cell softening was abolished when EP4 receptors for PGE2 were antagonized. Elevated levels of PGE2 were found in cultures of normal human bronchial epithelial cells exposed to pulmonary surfactant. We conclude that prostaglandin E2 and its EP2 and EP4 receptors are likely involved in the relaxant effect of pulmonary surfactant in airways.
The potential impact of universal screening for vasa previa in the prevention of stillbirths
Authors: Zhang Weiyu , Oyelese Yinka , Javinani Ali , Shamshirsaz Alireza , Akolekar Ranjit
Published: September 2024

Objectives

To estimate the number of pregnancies complicated by vasa previa annually in nine developed countries, and the potential preventable stillbirths associated with undiagnosed cases. We also assessed the potential impact of universal screening for vasa previa on reducing stillbirth rates.

Methods

We utilized nationally-reported birth and stillbirth data from public databases in the United States, United Kingdom, Canada, Germany, Ireland, Greece, Sweden, Portugal, and Australia. Using the annual number of births and the number and rate of stillbirths in each country, and the published incidence of vasa previa and stillbirth rates associated with the condition, we estimated the expected annual number of cases of vasa previa, those that would result in a livebirth, and the potential preventable stillbirths with and without prenatal diagnosis.

Results

There were 6,099,118 total annual births with 32,550 stillbirths, corresponding to a summary stillbirth rate of 5.34 per 1,000 pregnancies. The total expected vasa previa cases was estimated to be 5,007 (95 % CI: 3,208–7,201). The estimated number of livebirths would be 4,937 (95 % CI: 3,163–7,100) and 3,610 (95 % CI: 2,313–5,192) in pregnancies with and without a prenatal diagnosis of VP. This implies that prenatal diagnosis would potentially prevent 1,327 (95 % CI: 850–1,908) stillbirths in these countries, corresponding to a potential reduction in stillbirth rate by 4.72 % (95 % CI: 3.80–5.74) if routine screening for vasa previa was performed.

Conclusions

Our study highlights the importance of universal screening for vasa previa and suggests that prenatal diagnosis of prevention could potentially reduce 4–5 % of stillbirths.
Inverse-designed taper configuration for the enhancement of integrated 1 × 4 silicon photonic power splitters
Authors: Hong Seokjin , Yoon Jinhyeong , Kim Junhyeong , Neseli Berkay , Kim Jae-Yong , Park Hyo-Hoon , Kurt Hamza
Published: September 2024

Once light is coupled to a photonic chip, its efficient distribution in terms of power splitting throughout silicon photonic circuits is very crucial. We present two types of 1 × 4 power splitters with different splitting ratios of 1:1:1:1 and 2:1:1:2. Various taper configurations were compared and analyzed to find the suitable configuration for the power splitter, and among them, parabolic tapers were chosen. The design parameters of the power splitter were determined by means of solving inverse design problems via incorporating particle swarm optimization that allows for overcoming the limitation of the intuition-based brute-force approach. The front and rear portions of the power splitters were optimized sequentially to alleviate local minima issues. The proposed power splitters have a compact footprint of 12.32 × 5 μm2 and can be fabricated through a CMOS-compatible fabrication process. Two-stage power splitter trees were measured to enhance reliability in an experiment. As a result, the power splitter with a splitting ratio of 1:1:1:1 exhibited an experimentally measured insertion loss below 0.61 dB and an imbalance below 1.01 dB within the bandwidth of 1,518–1,565 nm. Also, the power splitter with a splitting ratio of 2:1:1:2 showed an insertion loss below 0.52 dB and a targeted imbalance below 1.15 dB within the bandwidth of 1,526–1,570 nm. Such inverse-designed power splitters can be an essential part of many large-scale photonic circuits including optical phased arrays, programmable photonics, and photonic computing chips.
Knowing Holbein’s Objects: An Object-Oriented-Ontology Analysis of The Ambassadors
Authors: Poposki Zoran
Published: September 2024

This article investigates the tenet of Object-Oriented Ontology (OOO) that art, like philosophy, is a form of cognition different from literal knowledge by applying key OOO concepts to the analysis of the Renaissance painting The Ambassadors (1533), a double portrait by Hans Holbein the Younger (1497/98–1543). The Ambassadors is found to exemplify the key principles of OOO in its treatment of objects and their relationships. Through an OOO lens, the painting becomes not merely a literal representation of the subjects and their possessions, but a dynamic interplay of real and sensual qualities that exceeds any straightforward paraphrase. The figures and objects in the work are not simply passive symbols, but active agents that withdraw from direct access, preserving their autonomy and inviting the viewer’s participatory engagement. Holbein’s masterpiece comes alive precisely by troubling its own representational coherence, drawing the viewer into an uncanny encounter with the withdrawn depths of objects. By reading The Ambassadors through an object-oriented framework, the painting exemplifies art’s capacity to operate as a non-literal form of cognition, irreducible to mere symbolic codes or propositional knowledge.
Uniaxial compression stress–strain relationship of fully aeolian sand concrete at low temperatures
Authors: Dong Wei , Ren Zhiqiang , Zhou Menghu
Published: September 2024

The aim of this study is to investigate the impact of various ambient temperatures on the mechanical properties of full aeolian sand concrete (ASC100). Using ordinary concrete (ASC0) as the control group, we analyzed the effects of different ambient temperatures (−20, −15, −10, −5, 0, and 20°C) on the mechanical properties of both ASC0 and ASC100 through cube compression, splitting tensile, and uniaxial compression tests. The results demonstrate that the compressive strength and splitting tensile strength of concrete cubes increased with decreasing temperature. At −20°C, the compressive strength of ASC100 increased by 30.1% and that of ASC0 increased by 27.31% compared to that at 20°C. Additionally, compared to normal temperatures, the elastic modulus of ASC0 and ASC100 at subzero temperatures increased by 28.2–61.4% and 6.8–65.7%, respectively, while the peak stress increased by 7–35% and 6.8–38%, respectively. The stress–strain curve of ASC100 showed three stages: elastic, elastic-plastic, and yield failure, serving as the reference group. Finally, based on the classical constitutive model, we modified the constitutive parameters by axial compressive strength and temperature, proposing a constitutive model of concrete suitable for different low-temperature environments, which is in good agreement with experimental data.
Der Gazakrieg und seine Folgen für den Nahen Osten
Authors: Hermann Rainer
Published: September 2024

Der Überfall der Hamas am 7. Oktober 2023 auf Israel hat den blutigsten Nahostkrieg seit der Gründung des Staates Israel 1948 entfacht. Die Eskalation der Gewalt ist eine Folge der neuen Konstellation, in der sich Iran aufgrund seiner Allianz mit Russland und China aus seiner Isolation befreit hat; zudem drückt Iran mit seinem Proxy-Netzwerk zunehmend dem Nahen Osten seinen Willen auf. Israel gerät als Folge seiner Kriegführung international in die Kritik. Seit April 2024 ist das Risiko eines regionalen Flächenbrandes gestiegen. Die arabische Welt sucht daher den Schutz eines US-Schilds, was die Normalisierung der Beziehungen zu Israel erleichtern könnte. Der Konflikt bietet damit auch Chancen, die Region zu befrieden.
Historicizing the “Beast-Man”
Authors: Blakley Christopher M.
Published: September 2024

This essay surveys the emergence and trajectory of the historiography of slavery as it has at times intersected with human-animal studies. First, the essay traces the historiography of slavery from 1918 to the 1980s to question how historians wrote about both chattel slavery as a regime of labor involving animals and the dehumanizing function of slavery as an economic system. Second, the essay looks at how the “animal turn,” beginning in the 1980s, has since influenced how social, intellectual, and environmental historians have written about slavery and human-animal relationships. Finally, the essay concludes by making the case that animal historians interested in slavery should pay attention to ongoing debates and discussions in Black studies involving the philosophy of humanity.
Popular Pet Reptile, the Leopard Gecko (Eublepharis macularius), Spontaneously Uses Running Wheel– Is It Locomotion Play?
Authors: Digirolamo Richard
Published: September 2024

Play behaviour in non-avian reptiles is poorly understood compared to mammals and birds. No previous reports provide systematic data regarding play-like behavior in the third most popular non-avian pet reptile, the leopard gecko (Eublepharis macularius). Leopard geckos are known to engage with enrich-ment of novel items, and anecdotal observation by pet owners report high activity and play-like behav-iour. An adult leopard gecko kept as a companion animal was provided with a running wheel to formally investigate possible play behaviour. Video recordings and a cycle counter attached to the running wheel were used to create an ethogram of one pet leopard gecko. The animal interacted with the wheel 16% of each measured day, in 11-wheel interaction episodes on average per measured day. The mean total distance measured by the cycle counter was 124 meters per measured day which surpasses the daily movement distance of some similar-sized diurnal lizards. The pattern of results indicates that the leop-ard gecko’s wheel use met all five previously established criteria for locomotion play, and showed that the leopard gecko to sometimes have high activity levels. These data suggest that when kept as a pet, given a running wheel or possibly other enrichment item, small reptiles such as leopard geckos engage in locomotion play. However, further studies with more individuals should be done to confirm this and investigate the possible physiological benefits of exercise. 非鳥類型爬虫類の遊び行動は、哺乳類や鳥類に比べてあまり理解されていない。また、非鳥類型爬虫類の中で、家庭用の愛玩動物として3番目に人気のあるヒョウモントカゲモドキ(Eublepharis macularius)の遊び行動に関する系統的なデータはこれまで報告されていない。ヒョウモントカゲモドキは目新しいものを与えることで興味を示すことが知られており、飼育者による逸話的観察によると、高い活動性と遊びのような行動が報告されている。当研究ではコンパニオンアニマルとして飼育されている成体のヒョウモントカゲモドキに回し車を与え、遊び行動の可能性を調査した。ヒョウモントカゲモドキ1匹のエソグラムを作成するために、ビデオ録画と回し車に取り付けたサイクルカウンターを使用した。その結果、各測定日の16％、1日平均11回の回し車とのインタラクションを行ったことが確認された。サイクルカウンターで測定された平均総距離は1日あたり124mで、これは同サイズの昼行性トカゲの1日の移動距離例を上回るものであった。この結果から、ヒョウモントカゲモドキの回し車の使用は、これまでに確立されているロコモーションによる遊びの5つの基準をすべて満たしており、ヒョウモントカゲモドキは時に高い活動レベルを持つことがわかった。これらのデータは、ペットとして飼育されているヒョウモントカゲモドキのような小型爬虫類に、回し車やその他のエンリッチメント・アイテムを与えることで、ロコモーションによる遊びを行うことを示唆している。ただし、当結果を最終的に結論づけること及び運動による生理学的な利点の可能性を調査するためには、より多くの個体でさらなる研究を行う必要がある。
Veno-Venous Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation in COVID-19-Associated ARDS: Predictors of Mortality
Authors: Mikaelyan K. A. , Petrova M. A. , Filimonova E. V. , Bazanovic S. A.
Published: September 2024

The aim of the study was to identify factors associated with hospital mortality in patients with COVID-19associated acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) receiving veno-venous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VV-ECMO).

Materials and methods. The retrospective study included data from the medical records of 123 patients treated in the intensive care unit (ICU) № 7 of the City Clinical Hospital № 52 of Moscow Department of Health. ECMO was initiated in all patients for respiratory indications according to current recommendations. A number of factors potentially associated with mortality were systematized and analyzed. Statistical processing to identify predictors of death included univariate analysis and calculation of odds ratio (OR), ROC analysis with calculation of area under the ROC curve (AUROC).

Results. The resulting mortality rate was 87% (107/123), 11% (14/107) of all deaths occurred after weaning from ECMO. High VV-ECMO ﬂow, delayed initiation of mechanical ventilation and ECMO therapy, and low pH at the time of ECMO initiation were identiﬁed as independent predictors of death in the study group. Low median albumin concentration and prolonged use of vasopressors were identiﬁed as predictors of death within 28 days of initiation of VV-ECMO. Development of acute kidney injury (AKI) requiring continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT), septic shock and its recurrences, and the use of extracorporeal blood puriﬁcation therapy for septic shock were found to be predictors of death during VV-ECMO therapy.

Conclusion. High-ﬂow VV-ECMO regimen, delayed initiation of mechanical ventilation and ECMO support, hypoalbuminemia, prolonged need for norepinephrine infusion, development of AKI requiring CRRT, septic shock occurrence and the number of its recurrences requiring extracorporeal blood puriﬁcation therapy during VV-ECMO support were identiﬁed as predictors of death in patients with COVID-19-associated ARDS after initiation of VV-ECMO therapy.
The Main Effects of the Original Oral Care Protocol Implementation in Patients on Invasive Mechanical Ventilation
Authors: Leyderman I. N. , Marichev A. О. , Kasherininov I. U. , Lesteva N. A. , Ponomareva A. D. , Sivcov A. О. , Ryabova D. V. , Nosenko M. М. , Ablesimov G. A.
Published: September 2024

Respiratory infection is the most common nosocomial infection found in intensive care units (ICUs). Dental plaques and oral mucosa can be colonized by respiratory pathogens within a few days after tracheal intubation. Oral care plays an important role in reducing the incidence of ventilator-associated infections.

Aim of the study. To evaluate clinical effectiveness of the original oral care protocol in ICU patients on invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV).

Materials and Methods. A multicenter, open-label, randomized, prospective, controlled study was conducted in 55 surgical ICU patients on long-term mechanical ventilation. Oral care for patients in the study group (group 1, N=30) included brushing with disposable toothbrushes and rinsing with an aqueous solution of 0.05% chlorhexidine digluconate three times daily. In the control group (group 2, N=25), patients' oral care was performed twice a day using sterile cotton swabs soaked in 0.05% aqueous chlorhexidine digluconate solution. The results were statistically processed using IBM SPSS Statistics 21. The relative risk (RR) of events was calculated with a 95% confidence interval (95% CI). The 95% CIs for event density parameters such as incidence rate (IR) and incidence rate ratio (IRR) were calculated using the exact Poisson test.

Results. The incidence of ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) was 13.6 cases [95% CI: 4.4; 31.7] per 1,000 ventilation days in group 1 and 23.6 cases [95% CI: 7.7; 55] per 1,000 ventilation days in group 2. The incidence of VAP was 1.74 times lower [95% CI: 0.4, 7.54] in group 1 vs. group 2 (P=0.398). The identity of oral and tracheal flora on day 7 was 20% in group 1 and 50% in group 2, RR=0.4, 95% CI: 0.165–0.973, P=0.037. Serum C-reactive protein levels were significantly lower in group 1 on day 7 of ventilation compared to group 2 (P=0.04).

Conclusion. The original oral care protocol, based on toothbrushing 3 times daily with a set of disposable toothbrushes and 0.05% aqueous solution of chlorhexidine digluconate, is associated with a tendency to lower VAP incidence per 1000 days of ventilation, significantly lower similarity between oral and tracheal flora, and lower serum C-reactive protein levels on day 7 of IMV. Further research on various aspects of oral care in ICU patients is needed, especially in the absence of complete clinical guidelines and clearly effective strategies for the prevention of ventilator-associated infections.
The Eﬀect of Hemoadsorption with CytoSorb on Severe COVID-19 Complications
Authors: Rybalko A. S. , Galkina S. N. , Saryglar A. S. , Voronin A. V. , Rezyapova M. I. , Chaus N. I. , Perekhodov S. N. , Karpun N. A.
Published: September 2024

The aim of the study was to assess the eﬀect of hemoadsorption with CytoSorb on the inﬂammatory response, respiratory failure, and mortality in patients with severe novel coronavirus infection.

Materials and methods. A retrospective single-center cohort comparative study of hemoadsorbtion using the CytoSorb therapy included data from 124 COVID-19 ICU patients. Patients were divided into two groups: the study arm with hemoadsorption (group 1, N=93) and the control arm without hemoadsorption (group 2, N=31). Patients in group 1 had more severe respiratory failure at baseline, but were otherwise comparable to patients in group 2 in terms of clinical and demographic parameters.

Results. After hemoadsorption, group 1 patients showed signiﬁcant improvement in 9 of 13 monitored clinical, instrumental, and laboratory parameters: fever (P=0.005), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) (P<0.001), C-reactive protein (CRP) (P<0.001), and IL-6 (P<0.001) levels, as well as an increase in SpO₂/FiO₂ ratio (P=0.041), leukocyte count (P<0.001) and lymphocyte count (P=0.003), as well as no signiﬁcant changes in SOFA score (P=0.068). The only improvement seen in group 2 patients was a reduction in fever (P=0.003). Other signiﬁcant changes in group 2 were unfavorable, such as a decrease in SpO₂/FiO₂ ratio (P=0.002), an increase in inspiratory oxygen fraction FiO₂ (P=0.001), leukocyte count (P<0.05), LDH (P=0.038), procalcitonin (P<0.001), and IL-6 (P=0.005), as well as an increase in SOFA score from 3.0 to 7.0 (95%CI, 3.0–9.0) (P=0.001). The all-cause hospital mortality rate was 37,63% in group 1 and 74.20% in group 2.

Conclusion. The use of hemoadsorption with CytoSorb as a pathogenetic therapy targeting the hyperinﬂammatory response in the management algorithm of ICU patients with severe COVID-19 complications resulted in resolution of the inﬂammatory response and respiratory failure, as well as a signiﬁcant reduction in mortality.
The Idea of “Restoration of a Ruined Person” in Classic Russian Literature (Dostoevsky, Tolstoy, Chekhov)
Authors: Kibalnik Sergey
Published: September 2024

Dostoevsky considered “restoration of a ruined person” to be “the key idea of all art of the nineteenth century.” This is exactly what makes up the inner plot of many of the writer’s works. Such a “restoration” is not so much actually happening as it is implicit in some of them. This is the case in “Crime and Punishment” and “The Brothers Karamazov.” At the same time, in both works it is not only not articulated, but is barely outlined. Meanwhile, there are researchers who believe that Dmitry Karamazov is not sent to hard labor, but flees to America — this is how open the novel’s ending is. At the same time, Dostoevsky has, on the contrary, “ruined heroes,” i. e., the “underground paradoxalist,” Alexey Ivanovich from “The Gambler,” Svidrigailov, Stavrogin. Sometimes the “resurrection of a new man” occurs in the most unlikely Dostoevsky’s characters. One of such characters in “Demons” is Stepan Trofimovich Verkhovensky. In such deeply interconnected works of Russian literary classics as Dostoevsky’s “Idiot” and Tolstoy’s “Resurrection”, attempts to save the “fallen woman” are in the center of attention. Tolstoy even included this theme, understood after Dostoevsky precisely as “the restoration of a ruined person,” in the title of his novel. In “Resurrection”, Tolstoy actually rewrote the storyline of Myshkin, Totsky and Nastasia Filippovna. At the same time, he remade the plot of the novel “Idiot” into a more realistic one. In Dostoevsky, one of the characters, Totsky, seduces and uses Nastasia Filippovna, while another, Prince Myshkin, tries to save her. In Tolstoy, Prince Nekhludoff pays for his own sin. The transformation in the “Resurrection” of the plot situations from the novel “Idiot” is aimed at their happy resolution; meanwhile it is not Nekhludoff's repentance for his actions, but Katyusha Maslova’s quiet self-sacrifice that leads to it. Unlike Myshkin and Nekhludoff, the hero of Chekhov’s novella “My Life” is by no means conceived as a “positively wonderful person,” much less Christ. However, in some incomprehensible way, unlike Myshkin and Nekhludoff, he achieves his goal. Apparently, such, according to Chekhov, is the power of not just a word, but a beneficent example. Misail tries to find a path consistent with his conscience, and thereby sets a beneficent example to his entire environment. Thus, in Chekhov’s mature works, there is a constant reliance on the aesthetics of the “transformation of man.” So, this theme turns out, mutatis mutandis, to be common to all Russian literary classics — from Pushkin to Dostoevsky, Tolstoy and Chekhov.
“The Golovlevs” by M. E. Saltykov-Shchedrin in A. A. Ukhtomsky’s Critical Works
Authors: Kapustina Svetlana
Published: September 2024

The previously unpublished notes by A. A. Ukhtomsky in the margins of the first volume of the Complete Works of M. E. Saltykov-Shchedrin (1905–1906) are proposed to be interpreted as critical presentation material for the novel “The Golovlevs” and as a road map to expand the intertextual boundaries of this work. The marginalia by A. A. Ukhtomsky open up the prospect of reading the text of M. E. Saltykov-Shchedrin in the context of literary and patristic traditions. First and foremost, the former is identified by the scientist with Gogol’s tradition. A. A. Ukhtomsky calls the parallel “Plyushkin — Golovlev” one of its manifestations, which is explained through the prism of the “things/persons” antinomy. The features of the second are revealed by an Orthodox thinker when comparing the novel by M. E. Saltykov-Shchedrin with the precepts of the ven. Isaac the Syrian: the marks record the echo of those most important semantic nuances in the final scene that the St. Father highlighted when comprehending the “Last Judgment” and “Repentance” categories. The study of the corpus of readers’ marginalia by A. A. Ukhtomsky to the novel “The Golovlevs” contributes, first of all, to clarifying the characterology of Judushka-Porfiry in general and the causes of his pre-death suffering in particular; and secondly, to recreating the features of the spiritual portrait of the author, explicated in the work.
TaqI polymorphism of VDR gene in colorectal cancer and Crohn’s disease patients
Authors:   SI ”Institute of Hereditary Pathology of National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine”, Lviv, Ukraine, Lozynska M.R. , Lozynska L.Y. ,   Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University, Ukraine, Pinyazhko R.O. ,   Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University, Ukraine, Gaybonyuk I.E. ,   SMDC “LeoGENE”, Lviv, Ukraine, Pinyazhko O.R. ,   Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University, Ukraine, Fedota O.M. ,   ”LLC ”AMS”, Kharkiv, Ukraine
Published: September 2024

To study the relation of TaqI polymorphism of VDR gene with age, sex and the disease phenotype in patients with colorectal cancer (CRC) and Crohn’s disease (CD) from western regions of Ukraine. Fifty six patients with CRC, 46 patients with CD and 65 control individuals were included in this research. Assessment of TaqI polymorphism was performed using PCR-RFLP method. The genotype-phenotype association for this polymorphism was analyzed. The frequency of tt genotype in patients with CRC is 0.107 and among the control group is 0.138, OR (95% CI 0.248-2.246). The ratio of genotypes TT:Tt:tt in patients with CRC and in control was 37.5%:51.8%:10.7% and 44.6%:41.6%:13.8%. In men with Tt genotype the average age of CRC onset was 57.6 ± 3.6 years, in women with TT genotypethe mean age of the disease onset was 54.5 ± 4.5 years. The frequency of tt genotype in the patients with CD is 0.217 and among the control group is 0.138, OR (95% CI 0.640–4.666). The Tt genotype was detected in a half of patients with CD and TT genotype was found more frequently in control.The ratio of genotypes in men and women with CD was 38.0%:38.0%:24.0% and 20.0%:60.0%:20.0%. Among patients with CD, who underwent surgery, 33.3% individuals were carriers of tt genotype. It was confirmed no statistically significant difference in the allele frequencies and genotype distributions of Taq1 mutation in patients with CRC and CD in comparison to control group. The ratio of men and women with Tt genotype by groups of B1-B3 forms of CD behaviour according to the Montreal classification is differs, in particular, women with Tt genotype are four times more likely to have the B1 form. A study of Taq1 mutation might contribute to the identification of the groups that are at the greatest risk of severe form of CD.
Liver electrical activity upon epinephrine action
Authors:   Bogomoletz Institute of Physiology of NAS of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine, P.K. P.K. , T.P. T.P. ,   Educational and Scientific Center “Institute of Biology and Medicine” Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Ukraine, S.P. S.P. ,   Chemical faculty of Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Ukraine
Published: September 2024

The electrical potential of the liver is an integrative indicator the activity of the cells in this organ. Here we tried to elucidate a link between liver functional state and its electrical activity. For that, electrical potential of the liver, the content of bile acid and blood glucose concentration were measured in control conditions and after intravenous epinephrine administration. Epinephrine at dose 0.2 µg/kg body weight caused short-term increase in blood glucose concentration and a decrease in hydroxylation ratio of bile acids. The administration also resulted in an increase in power spectral density (PSD) of liver electric potential in a frequency range of 1.6-2.5 Hz. In addition, a trend to increasing in PSD at 0.6-1.5 and 2.6-10 Hz ranges and decreasing in conjugation ratio of bile acids were shown. Correlation between liver electrical activity and blood glucose concentration observed in control conditions vanished upon epinephrine administration. In contrast, epinephrine administration potentiated correlation between liver electrical activity and content of bile acids. Thus, we conclude that the liver electrical activity could reflect its secretory processes.
SHAPE CHANGES OF RED BLOOD CELLS DURING MECHANICAL STIRRING AND REPLACEMENT IN THE MEDIUM OF SULFATE TO CHLORIDE
Authors:   nstitute for Problems of Cryobiology and Cryomedicine of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kharkov, Ukraine, Ramazanov V.V. , Rudenko S.V. ,   nstitute for Problems of Cryobiology and Cryomedicine of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kharkov, Ukraine
Published: September 2024

At low pH, red blood cells (RBCs) are unable to maintain their disc shape and become stomatocytes. At the same time, at pH 5.0 of a sulphate medium, under conditions of mechanical mixing of the cell suspension, RBCs are partially retransformed into discoid forms, whereas in a chloride medium (pH 5.0) this transformation is observed to a high degree.This indicates that the chloride-binding sites of RBC membranes may be an additional link in the regulation of the shape of RBC under conditions of mechanical action on the cell suspension. The work investigated the change in the RBC shape at a normal pH value (7,4) due to the replacement of Na2SO 4 in the medium with NaCl and recording an increase in the intensity of fluctuations in optical density (OD), as an indicator of an increase in the level of discoid cells (normocytes) in a stirred cell suspension. It has been 3 established that in a medium containing Na2SO4 (110 mmol/l), RBCs are transformed into small stomatocytes within ~20 s. With an increase in NaCl concentration in the range of 15-105 mmol/l, an increase in the level of discoid cells is noted. Increasing the NaCl concentration from 105 to 150 mmol/l, on the contrary, causes a decrease in the level of discoid cells. With the exception of mechanical mixing in a medium with NaCl concentrations of 30-90 mmol/l, RBCs are morphologically stomatocytes. Whereas in a medium containing 150 mmol/l NaCl, RBC are represented by disc-echinocytes and echinocytes. The results obtained show that mechanical mixing of the cell suspension promotes the retransformation of stomatocytic RBCs into discoid forms. The weakening of the retransforming efficiency of mixing with an increase in the NaCl concentration in the medium from 105 to 150 mmol/l and the development of echinocytosis at 150 mmol/l NaCl indicates the existence of 2 types of sites for chloride. Сhloride binding to type 1, at a NaCl concentration in the medium of 15-105 mmol/l, leads to the establishment of discoid forms of RBC. Chloride binding to type 2 sites, at a NaCl concentration in the medium of 105-150 mmol/l, leads to the development of echinocytosis. The retransforming property of mechanical stirring may be associated with a change in the degree of chloride binding to these types of sites.
Attending to history in climate change–demography research
Authors: Merchant Emily Klancher , Grace Kathryn
Published: September 2024

Climate change is among the most urgent challenges of our time. While often considered a problem for the natural and physical sciences, the humanities and social sciences have made equally important interventions into research on the reciprocal relationship between humans and our climate. Because demography occupies the intersection of the natural and social sciences, and because it deals specifically with rates of change in social and natural processes, we believe it can make valuable contributions to the pressing imperatives of understanding and addressing climate change and mitigating the harms it is already visiting on the world’s most vulnerable people. We also believe that climate change may afford demographers an opportunity to expand our capacity to think about time and space at finer scales, and to examine the relationships among the core demographic processes – mortality, fertility and migration – which have typically been considered in isolation from one another. Yet responsibly leveraging climate change to advance demography, and leveraging demography to advance climate science and policy, require a cognizance of history that will assist demographers and those who use our analyses in avoiding the replication of past harms and, we hope, the invention of new ones. Understanding the history of demography and of population-environment thought more broadly can help us challenge assumptions that have not served science or policy well in the past – such as the assumption that larger or faster-growing populations necessarily put more pressure on the environment, independent of structural conditions – and consider alternative theoretical framings that might lead to better scientific models and policy solutions.
Change in occupational burnout measures in emergency medical service workers after a psychedelic experience induced by a single self-administered dose of psilocybin mushrooms
Authors: Machado Ferreira Ana Sofia , Martindale Sharon , Luke David
Published: September 2024

Background and Aims

This naturalistic mixed methods field study, aimed to assess the potential of a psilocybin induced experience, to help Emergency Medical Service Workers (EMSW) to address psychological and stress related symptoms stemming from a challenging working environment, known to contribute to occupational burnout (OB).

Methods

This exploration was conducted with an intentional sample of five participants, recruited through an online survey who self-administered a therapeutic dose of psilocybin mushrooms to manage psychological symptoms resulting from their work as EMSW, allowing the authors to assess the outcome. To measure the impact of the experience, changes in OB measures were assessed with psychometric instruments previously used in this population at three timepoints, before and after the session. The subjective impact of the psychedelic experience, through psychological insights and emotional breakthroughs, was also assessed, and two follow-up interviews were conducted to collect further data.

Results

The results showed that, two weeks after the session, a visible improvement was noticed in several measures of pre-existent OB, that remained stable after two months. Additionally, most participants reported a strong subjective impact, that they perceived as fundamental for the positive outcome.

Conclusions

After one therapeutic psylocibin session, several measures of OB showed an encouraging level of improvement and may constitute an important step towards finding alternative and innovative solutions to address high rates of psychological distress experienced by EMSWs, also benefiting the organization and the quality of patient care. The limitations and implications of the study and suggestions for future research are discussed.