bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evolution of a chordate-specific mechanism for myoblast fusion
Authors: Zhang Haifeng , Shang Renjie , Kim Kwantae , Zheng Wei , Johnson Christopher J. , Sun Lei , Niu Xiang , Liu Liang , Uyeno Theodore A. , Zhou Jingqi , Liu Lingshu , Pei Jimin , Fissette Skye D. , Green Stephen A. , Samudra Sukhada P. , Wen Junfei , Zhang Jianli , Eggenschwiler Jonathan , Menke Doug , Bronner Marianne E. , Grishin Nick V. , Li Weiming , Ye Kaixiong , Zhang Yang , Stolfi Alberto , Bi Pengpeng
Published: July 2021

The size of an animal is determined by the size of its musculoskeletal system. Myoblast fusion is an innovative mechanism that allows for multinucleated muscle fibers to compound the size and strength of individual mononucleated cells. However, the evolutionary history of the control mechanism underlying this important process is currently unknown. The phylum Chordata hosts closely related groups that span distinct myoblast fusion states: no fusion in cephalochordates, restricted fusion and multinucleation in tunicates, and extensive, obligatory fusion in vertebrates. To elucidate how these differences may have evolved, we studied the evolutionary origins and function of membrane-coalescing agents Myomaker and Myomixer in various groups of chordates. Here we report that Myomaker likely arose through gene duplication in the last common ancestor of tunicates and vertebrates, while Myomixer appears to have evolved de novo in early vertebrates. Functional tests revealed an unexpectedly complex evolutionary history of myoblast fusion in chordates. A pre-vertebrate phase of muscle multinucleation driven by Myomaker was followed by the later emergence of Myomixer that enables the highly efficient fusion system of vertebrates. Thus, our findings reveal the evolutionary origins of chordate-specific fusogens and illustrate how new genes can shape the emergence of novel morphogenetic traits and mechanisms.
SOCIAL INFORMATION AND BIOLOGICAL INVASIONS: CHORUS SONGS ARE MORE ATTRACTIVE TO EUROPEAN STARLINGS IN MORE RECENTLY ESTABLISHED POPULATIONS
Authors: Rodriguez Alexandra , Hausberger Martine , Henry Laurence , Clergeau Philippe
Published: July 2021

When biological invasions by animals occur, the individuals arriving in novel environments can be confronted with unpredictable or unfamiliar resources and may need social interaction to improve survival in the newly colonized areas. Gathering with conspecifics and using social information about their activities may reveal the location of suitable feeding and breeding sites. This could compensate for the absence of individual information about new habitats and constitute an advantage for new settlers. If a tendency to gather in response to social stimuli is transmitted from one generation to the next, and if the benefit of gathering is lower in long time established populations, there should be behavioural differences in receptivity to social cues in populations with different colonizing histories. We hypothesized that individuals of a social species like the European starling from relatively recently-established populations would be more responsive to social cues than individuals belonging to long-established populations. We conducted playback experiments using a starling chorus to test its acoustic attractiveness to populations of starlings with different colonizing histories. We compared the reaction of individuals from two populations in rural Brittany, western France, established for a long time, with three more recently settled ones: two populations from a propagation front in southern Italy and one urban population from Rennes city in Brittany. Our data supported our hypothesis: individuals from more recent populations were more responsive to the acoustic stimulus, and gave more calls in flight than individuals from populations with an older settlement history. We discuss the different behavioural responses we observed in the different populations and the potential effects of habitat characteristics and starling densities.
Comprehensive multi-omics single-cell data integration reveals greater heterogeneity in the human immune system
Authors: Xu Congmin , Yang Junkai , Kosters Astrid , Babcock Benjamin R. , Qiu Peng , Ghosn Eliver E. B.
Published: July 2021

Single-cell transcriptomics enables the definition of diverse human immune cell types across multiple tissues and disease contexts. Still, deeper biological understanding requires comprehensive integration of multiple single-cell omics (transcriptomic, proteomic, and cell-receptor repertoire). To improve the identification of diverse cell types and the accuracy of cell-type classification in multi-omics single-cell datasets, we developed SuPERR-seq, a novel analysis workflow to increase the resolution and accuracy of clustering and allow for the discovery of previously hidden cell subsets. In addition, SuPERR-seq accurately removes cell doublets and prevents widespread cell-type misclassification by incorporating information from cell-surface proteins and immunoglobulin transcript counts. This approach uniquely improves the identification of heterogeneous cell types in the human immune system, including a novel subset of antibody-secreting cells in the bone marrow.
Pyridoxal 5’-phosphate supplementation modulates the heterologous expression and activity of a PLP dependent model protein in E.coli
Authors: Saxena Vijay Kumar , Vedamurthy GV , Singh Raghvendar
Published: July 2021

PLP is a biologically active form of Vitamin B6 and is required for carbohydrates, amino acids and fatty acid metabolism. Many of the PLP dependent proteins are important drug targets and effector molecules, and thus, their heterologous overexpression is of industrial importance and has commercial value. We have predicted the docking site of PLP on O-acetyl serine sulfhydrylase protein (OASS) of H.contortus and determined that lysine-47 is very important for the binding of PLP in the enzyme pocket. We have used this protein as a model protein for testing the effect of PLP on the expression of PLP dependent proteins by E.coli. We have tested the effect of supplementation of PLP in the media on the expression of PLP dependent model protein in E.coli. Soluble recombinant protein could be purified from each of the culture vials grown with variable amount of PLP [0 mM (Group I), 0.01mM (Group II), 0.025mM (Group III), 0.05mM (Group IV) and 0.1mM (Group V)]. There was approximately 4.2%, 7.2%, 10.5% and 18% increase in purified protein yield in Group II, III, IV and V, respectively, in comparison to group I. We studied the relative incorporation of PLP into the purified protein by scanning the changes in internal fluorescence of purified proteins. There was a significant quenching of tryptophan fluorescence emission in groups II, III, IV and V compared to group I (Purified protein without PLP addition). There was a linear increase in the activity of protein purified from cultures of group I to group V. This was due to greater availability of PLP, thus, allowing higher incorporation of the cofactor in the apoenzyme to form holoenzyme complexes. PLP is not known to be directly imported into E.coli. We could find a PLP concentration-dependent increase in expression and catalytic activity of the enzyme signifying the probable transport of PLP across the membrane. The mechanism of transport of PLP in the light of the current experiment is still unknown and should be a subject of future studies.
SegmA: Residue Segmentation of cryo-EM density maps
Authors: Rozanov Mark , Wolfson Haim J.
Published: July 2021

1

The cryo-EM resolution revolution enables the development of algorithms for direct de-novo modelling of protein structures from given cryo-EM density maps. Deep Learning tools have been applied to locate structure patterns, such as rotamers, secondary structures and Cα atoms. We present a deep neural network (nicknamed SegmA) for the residue type segmentation of a cryo-EM density map. The network labels voxels in a cryo-EM map by the residue type (amino acid type or nucleic acid) of the sampled macromolecular structure. It also provides a visual representation of the density map by coloring the different types of voxels by their assigned colors. SegmA’s algorithm is a cascade of CNNs and group rotational equivariant CNNs. A data gathering algorithm was designed for creating datasets that will give best results when used for SegmA’s training. At resolution of 3.2°A SegmAs accuracy is 80% for nucleotides. Amino acids which can be seen by eye, such as LEU, ARG and PHE, are detected by SegmA with about 70% accuracy. In addition SegmA detects regions where the exact labeling is of low confidence due to resolution, noise, etc. Removing those “unconfident” regions increases the amino acid detection accuracy to 80% The SegmA open code is available at https://github.com/Mark-Rozanov/SegmA_3A/tree/master.
Uniaxial tensile mechanical tests of Kapton foil at high-low temperature conditions
Authors: Liu Yan , Liu Yanzhen , Lin Guochang
Published: July 2021

Purpose

This study aims to investigate the basic mechanical properties of inflatable antenna reflector material under high-low temperatures.

Design/methodology/approach

Uniaxial tensile tests of Kapton (polyimide) foils were conducted in this paper. Kapton foils with a thickness of 25 µm were used and the strip specimens were manufactured according to the machine direction and the transverse direction of the foils.

Findings

The stress–strain curves of the foils were obtained under ten temperature conditions (−70°C, −40°C, −10°C, 0°C, 20°C, 50°C, 80°C, 110°C, 140°C, 170°C) after uniaxial tensile tests. Generally speaking, such stress–strain curves are highly nonlinear, and Kapton can be classified into some kind of ductile material without obvious yielding point.

Practical implications

The tests results provide a basis for partial coefficients of Kapton foils strength design value, and meanwhile provide basic material data for the extreme temperature field test in orbit for the inflatable antenna structure in the future.

Originality/value

Based on the curve itself and strain energy theory, for the first time the equivalent yielding point was determined and the mechanism of constitutive curve changing with temperature was explained. Based on curves above, tensile strength, elongation at break, equivalent yielding stress, yielding strain and elastic modulus were analyzed and calculated. By analyzing the mechanical parameters above, the fitting formulas with temperature as the variable were given.
The role of consumer happiness in brand loyalty: a model of the satisfaction and brand image in fashion
Authors: Cuesta-Valiño Pedro , Gutiérrez-Rodríguez Pablo , Núnez-Barriopedro Estela
Published: July 2021

Purpose

The study of the antecedents to loyalty is of great interest to both academics and professionals in the context of fashion consumption. The purpose of this paper is to define a SEM model, in which brand image and its dimensions, as well as consumer satisfaction and consumer happiness as mediators, are explained as antecedents to loyalty.

Design/methodology/approach

A transversal descriptive study based on primary data were, therefore, carried out using a survey with a sample of 2,515 consumers representing the Spanish population. The Partial Least Square method was applied to test the hypotheses.

Findings

The results of this research tell us which variables have a positive influence on consumer loyalty to fashion brands, where brand image, satisfaction and consumer happiness are the determining variables of loyalty.

Research limitations/implications

This model has important implications and contributes both to the literature and to the choice of differentiation and brand positioning strategies for marketing to a global and highly competitive market.

Originality/value

One of the novelties of this study is the fact that it considers the consumer happiness variable as an antecedent to loyalty in the fashion consumer sector.
Performance enhancement of switched reluctance motor drive using front-end converter
Authors: Damarla Indira , Mahendran Venmathi
Published: July 2021

Purpose

The main purpose of this paper is to propose a quasi-impedance source (QIS) converter fed switched reluctance motor (SRM) drive. The proposed converter topology is configured for DC link capacitance minimization and power factor (PF) correction.

Design/methodology/approach

A QIS converter is used as a front end converter to reduce the bulk capacitance requirement during current commutation and to decline the power ripple. To improve the PF with reduced total harmonic distortion at the input current, the PF current control loop is merged with the QIS converter control loop.

Findings

The overall SRM drive speed is regulated over a wide range by controlling the DC link voltage. The voltage regulation can be achieved by pulse width modulation of the QIS converter. Hence, the overall system efficiency has been improved by operating the proposed converter at a low switching frequency. Moreover, the proposed QIS converter uses an advanced repetitive controller to achieve voltage regulation and fewer ripples in torque.

Originality/value

The steady state and dynamic analyzes have been performed on the proposed drive topology. The performance of the proposed topology has been simulated through MATLAB/Simulink environment. A hardware prototype with a processor of Xilinx SPARTAN 6 field-programmable gate array has been used to validate the experimental response with the simulation results.
A novel design of nano router with high-speed crossbar scheduler for digital systems in QCA paradigm
Authors: Kasilingam Kalpana , Balaiah Paulchamy
Published: July 2021

Purpose

The nano-router would be a mastery device for providing high-speed data delivery. Here nano-router with a space-efficient crossbar scheduler is used for making absolutely less consumption in power.

Design/methodology/approach

In the emerging modern technology, every one of us is expecting a delivery of data at a high speed. To achieve high-speed delivery the authors are using the router. The router used here is at nanoscale reading which provides a compact size.

Findings

This can be implemented using the modern tools called Quantum-dot Cellular Automata (QCA) which is operated without the use of a transistor. As conventional complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) designs have some limitations such as low density, high power consumption and requirement of a large area.

Research limitations/implications

To overcome these limitations the QCA is used. It characterizes capability is used to substituting CMOS technology. The round-robin fashion is used in a high-speed space-efficient crossbar scheduler.

Practical implications

The simulation of the planned circuit with notional information established the practical identity of the scheme.

Social implications

The proposed nano router can be stimulated in the QCA environment using the QCADesigner tool and the power of the router can be calculated with the QCADesigner–E tool.

Originality/value

The proposed nano router can be stimulated in the QCA environment using the QCADesigner tool and the power of the router can be calculated with the QCADesigner–E tool. In this work, the performance of the router can be done in both the QCA environment and CMOS technology.
Embracing the role of artificial intelligence in accounting and finance: contemplating the changing skillset expectations
Authors: Gambhir Bhumika , Bhattacharjee Anindita
Published: July 2021

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to highlight how Artificial intelligence (AI) and its subsets are changing the face of the accounting and finance (A&F) profession. Expectations from A&F professionals are changing due to the expeditious changes in technology. This paper proposes new skill set expectations from these professionals.

Design/methodology/approach

This is a viewpoint paper based on the opinions/views of the employees working in medium and large organizations in A&F in the United Arab Emirates (UAE). The employee viewpoints were gathered through an emailed questionnaire.

Findings

This paper illustrates the need to embrace technology and acquire the necessary skills to work in conjunction with machines. This will help A&F professionals to meet the changing expectations of employers.

Practical implications

This paper emphasizes the usefulness of training, learning, and development of the skills necessary for A&F professionals to work with AI and its subsets.

Originality/value

This paper discusses how AI will bring in challenges and opportunities in the future. It suggests how A&F professionals can embrace technology (driven by AI) and understand to work with it.
Germinating seeds in dry soil: examining the process of frugal innovation in micro- and small-enterprises at the base of the pyramid
Authors: Borchardt Miriam , Chiappetta Jabbour Charbel José , Belém José de Figueiredo , Mani Venkatesh , Pereira Giancarlo Medeiros , Ritter Ágata Maitê
Published: July 2021

Purpose

This study aims to examine the process of frugal innovation (FI) in micro- and small-enterprises (MSEs) at the base of the pyramid (BOP) through the analytical lens of business models.

Design/methodology/approach

A case study was conducted with 30 MSEs from three different industries in a very poor region in Brazil.

Findings

The findings indicate that, in cases where FI is intense and dynamic, the start of the FI process is based on the reinterpretation of fashion trends and influences from the business ecosystem while the consolidation of FI in MSEs occurs through the reconfiguration of resources. Additionally, this study shows that FI depends on conditions other than the production of frugal products for BOP consumers.

Research limitations/implications

This study points out that the presence of end-of-life non-BOP raw materials distributed by large distributors in the case of fashion products, along with the interaction between MSEs at the BOP and these distributors, trigger FI and are profitable for both. For non-fashion products with long life cycles, there is no demand for innovation.

Originality/value

This study addresses the research void present in the literature on FI by presenting the process of FI and the conditions that leverage or stagnate FI in MSEs at the BOP, as well as how business models are shaped by these conditions.
Mapping societal trust and trust in negotiations
Authors: Yao Jingjing , Brett Jeanne M.
Published: July 2021

Purpose

It is important to infer and diagnose whether a negotiator is trustworthy. In international negotiations, people may assume that high-trust nations are more likely to produce more trustworthy negotiators. Does this assumption hold universally? This study aims to address this research question by investigating the relationship between national-level societal trust and individual-level trust in negotiations.

Design/methodology/approach

This study uses a cross-sectional research design and a sample of 910 senior managers from 58 nations or regions. The hypotheses are tested by hierarchical linear modeling.

Findings

This study draws on the dynamic constructivist theory of culture to propose moderated hypotheses. Results show that societal trust predicts individuals’ social perceptions of attitudinal trust in negotiations, only when cultural face norms are weak rather than strong; societal trust predicts individuals’ social perceptions of behavioral trust in negotiations (i.e. high information sharing and low competitive behavior), only when negotiators process information analytically rather than holistically.

Originality/value

This study is the first to examine the relationship between national-level societal trust (i.e. generalized trust) and individual-level trust in negotiations (i.e. particularistic trust). It uses a large-scale, multinational sample to show that relying on societal trust to infer trust in negotiations is valid only in Western societies.
The use of migration matrices to test the sustainability of the top ranked restaurants: a methodological note
Authors: Outreville J. François
Published: July 2021

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to present a new methodology to estimate the migration of grades of top rated restaurant and the default rate over time.

Design/methodology/approach

To demonstrate how to develop migration matrices the empirical results are based on the real number of top-rated French restaurants in Gault-Millau in a specific year and how they migrate from one grade to another over the period 1974–2010.

Findings

The purpose of the empirical analysis is only to illustrate the methodology. It is shown that migration rates are relatively stable over time.

Research limitations/implications

Results are presented only to illustrate the methodology. Further analysis could provide a sound basis to compare the rating systems from one guide to another.

Originality/value

This research note explores the notion of migration rate by developing an alternative way of measuring how restaurants survive over time.
Human rights of people with mental illness: determining knowledge and attitude of nursing students in Enugu state Nigeria
Authors: Iheanacho Peace Njideka , Mbadugha Chisom Joy , Anetekhai Chinenye Juliet , Ubah Chinenye Ifeoma , Obiekwu Adaobi Lilian , Chukwujama Nonye Anne
Published: July 2021

Purpose

Human right is a phenomenon universal to all but greatly significant for disadvantaged groups like people with mental illness who due to the limitations of their illness cannot assert their rights. This study aims to assess the knowledge and attitude of nursing students regarding the human rights of people with mental illness.

Design/methodology/approach

A descriptive study was conducted among 72 nursing students purposively selected from two nursing schools in Enugu, Nigeria. Data were collected using a 38 item literature-based questionnaire developed by the researchers. The reliability of the instrument was established using Cronbach’s alpha model with 0.812 coefficients.

Findings

Participants 32 (44.4%) demonstrated moderate knowledge regarding the human rights of people with mental illness. The attitude of nursing students towards the right of people with mental illness was positive (2.81). There is no significant difference in knowledge between students of the two schools, p = 0.199 (>0.05). However, the study showed that students from basic nursing school had a more favourable attitude towards the rights of people with mental illness compared to the post-basic nursing students, p = 0.050 (<0.05).

Originality/value

The rising incidence of human right violation in mental health practice indicates the need to assess the knowledge and attitude of the future workforce who play a critical role in the care and management of people with mental illness. The nursing curriculum should provide nursing students in their various institutions of training, sufficient information on the human rights of people with mental illness. Also, a legal structure in Nigeria for people with mental illness is imperative to protect them from gross human rights violations.
Predicting physical and verbal aggression perpetration among teenage boys: an application of the theory of planned behavior
Authors: Alimoradi Kayvan , Davarpanah Seyed Hedayat , Taymoori Parvaneh , Ostovar Afshin , Rahmani Khaled
Published: July 2021

Purpose

Aggression has been introduced as one of the serious problems in public health. The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the ability of the extended theory of planned behavior (TPB) to predict the physical and verbal aggression behavior.

Design/methodology/approach

In this research, 462 teenagers were evaluated through the demographic questionnaire along with the main structures of the TPB as a predictor of behavior. After one month of follow-up, physical and verbal aggression was evaluated. Demographic data were analyzed descriptively by SPSS21 and predictability of the structures for intention and behavior of the physical and verbal aggression was analyzed by AMOS.

Findings

Mean and standard deviation of participants’ age were 14.70 and 1.12 years, respectively. In this research, 22.5% of the participants did not show physical aggression over the last one month and 20% of them did not show verbal aggression over the last month. Path analysis revealed that the variables of the TPB predicted 61% and 32% of variance of intention and physical aggression behavior, respectively, while these variables could describe 43% and 22% of the variance of intention and verbal aggression behavior, respectively. All of the concepts could be significant predictors of the behaviors. Subjective norms were the best predictor of the intention for physical and verbal aggression. Intention and perceived behavioral control were good predictors of physical and verbal aggression.

Research limitations/implications

Given the role of subjective norms in intention and also the role of intention and perceived behavioral control of people for aggression, it can be concluded that emphasis on social and psychological education about subjective norms, peer groups and self-control can help reduce this problem.

Originality/value

A few studies have predicted behavior occurrence in the future. Given the lack of focus on the role of constructs that may bring about future behaviors, the current research was conducted to use the structures of the TPB to predict behavioral intention as well as perpetration of physical and verbal aggressive behaviors, independently.
Memorable experience, tourist-destination identification and destination love
Authors: Mohammad Shafiee Majid , Foroudi Pantea , Tabaeeian Reihaneh Alsadat
Published: July 2021

Purpose

This paper aims to investigate the impact of memorable destination experience and destination attractiveness on tourist-destination identification and destination love. It also investigates the moderating role of gender.

Design/methodology/approach

Using the cluster sampling method, the study selected cities of a developing country with the most popular destinations. A questionnaire survey was used to collect data from a sample of foreign and domestic tourists. To test the research model, a covariance-based structural equation modelling approach was adopted.

Findings

According to the results, destination attractiveness and memorable experience had a positive effect on tourist-destination identification. Similarly, tourist-destination identification positively influenced destination love. In addition, destination love impacts the intention to revisit and word-of-mouth. Finally, the results indicate that gender moderates some of these relationships.

Originality/value

Understanding what items can create strong bonds between destination and tourist is of great importance. By providing a validated conceptual model that traces the relationship between memorable experience, destination attractiveness and tourist-destination identification through cognitive, affective and evaluative dimensions, this study attempts to answer prior calls for examination from the viewpoint of tourism scholars.
What really motivates top salespeople: love or money?
Authors: Gelb Betsy D. , Pishko Joanna , Herman Carl
Published: July 2021

Purpose

This study aims to explore a previously unidentified antecedent of remaining in selling rather than leaving the field. That antecedent is “love of selling”: prioritizing intrinsic rewards over those that are extrinsic.

Design/methodology/approach

The differences between those with each of those priorities are explored here in a survey of 348 salespeople, both inside and outside, and also qualitative interviews with a 20-person subset.

Findings

Comparing salespeople who select on a questionnaire the option that they “love selling” vs respondents who primarily enjoy its payoffs, the authors find the former group significantly less likely to say they would leave the selling field if they could get another job that pays as well. They are significantly more likely to rate their own selling skills highly, but sales results between the two groups do not differ. Telephone interviews asking what their company does to reinforce love of selling, and what it could do, elicit comments on support – but also on administrative dissatisfiers.

Practical implications

Organizations benefit from encouraging a love of selling and can do so by training, by management efforts to build confidence, by emphasizing challenge and by reducing administrative barriers to enjoying the selling experience.

Originality/value

This is the first study to identify “love of selling” as a characteristic of salespeople that managers will want to understand and foster.
Rethinking trust in tourism apps: the moderating effect of age
Authors: Hua Chenggang , Cole Shu , Xu Nan
Published: July 2021

Purpose

This study aims to explore the role of trust and effect of age in the process of technology acceptance.

Design/methodology/approach

Using data collected from an online survey, this study conducts structural equation modeling to assess the relationship between technology adoption and users’ trust in that technology.

Findings

Findings of this study indicate that the formation of trust in technology is based on user experiences (i.e. the perception of usefulness and ease of use), while the perception of trust in technology is similar to human-like trust (i.e. competence and benevolence). This study clarifies that trust has a mediating effect on the relationship between perceived technology ease of use and behavioral intention to use. Trust belief of competence is found to be more effective on adoption behavior than trust belief of benevolence. In exploring the moderating effect of age, results find that easy use of an app is crucial for elderly people to create trust belief in technical competence and develop behavioral control over such technologies. Trust in technology is an essential factor that should be widely applied when analyzing technology adoption behaviors.

Originality/value

This study contributes in three ways. First, it reveals both how trust in technology is formed and the effect of that trust on technology adoption. Second, it extends the discussion of age as a variable in tourism app usage. Third, it shows how the experience of usage influences intentions towards the adoption of tourism apps.
Re-thinking de-risking: a systems theoretical approach
Authors: També Bearpark Noémi , Demetis Dionysios
Published: July 2021

Purpose

This paper aims to explain the de-risking phenomenon through Luhmann’s risk/danger model and demonstrate that de-risking should be facilitated and encouraged.

Design/methodology/approach

The paper applies Luhmann’s system theory and more specifically his risk/danger model to describe the de-risking phenomenon and identify recommendations to address its consequences.

Findings

The paper finds that re-defining risk and the anti-money laundering (AML)’s community’s understanding of it can support key stakeholders’ understanding of money laundering (ML) risk and the way to better address consequences of AML decisions.

Practical implications

The paper has implications for the banking and regulatory community in relation to the interpretation of de-risking. As systems aim to minimise their exposure to risk, they should not be prevented from de-risking.

Originality/value

This paper aims to move away from a narrative description of AML phenomena and presents a theoretical foundation for the analysis of ML risk. The current response to de-risking which demonises it and aims to prevent it is deconstructed through this theoretical lens.
Content analysis of metadata, titles, and abstracts (CAMTA): application of the method to business and management research
Authors: Donald William E.
Published: July 2021

Purpose

This paper offers a “content analysis of metadata, titles, and abstracts” (CAMTA) method underpinned by a newly evolved metadata, title, abstract, introduction, methodology, results, analysis, and discussion (M-TAIMRAD) Framework.

Design/methodology/approach

Draws on innovations of content analysis from the field of health- care to offer a pragmatic and transparent method for conducting rigorous and valid research within the field of business and management.

Findings

Replicable and valid guidelines for conducting the CAMTA method are offered, including an illustration. This is followed by a critical examination of the potential applications and benefits of the method to the field of business and management research.

Originality/value

The CAMTA method enables researchers to assimilate and synthesise metadata, titles and abstracts as a means of identifying grounds for future research and theory development. This will help to advance the field and subsequently benefit the wider readership including fellow academics, practitioners and policymakers. The flexibility of the CAMTA method means that it can be used as a stand-alone method or combined as part of a mixed-methods approach.
Online examination: a feasible alternative during COVID-19 lockdown
Authors: Tan Choon Yong Alex , Swe Kye Mon Min , Poulsaeman Veronica
Published: July 2021

Purpose

The purpose of this case study is to share the authors’ involvement and observation in adopting online exam as an evaluation tool, in the hope that others may too be able to adapt and circumvent this lockdown period while bringing a more reliable methodological approach in an online exam.

Design/methodology/approach

This is a case study that reports the application of an online examination for a year 3 MBBS Professional Exam during the period of lockdown (movement control). This case highlights the conduct of online theory in the form of single best answer multiple choice questions and online practical via objective structured clinical examination, without jeopardizing the integrity of the system, and the measures adapted to mitigate potential academic dishonesty.

Findings

The authors’ observation shows that online exam can be conducted in scenario where conventional exam is not possible.

Research limitations/implications

This is an observation in a real-life scenario that discusses the purpose and the process. A single study may not be sufficient to relate the reliability and generalizability of the analysis.

Practical implications

The practice of social distancing is a hindrance towards traditional classroom teaching. Online exam has promising potential to be the solution to this problem. The authors have demonstrated that an MBBS theory and practical exam can be conducted remotely without any physical contact, without any compromise in achieving the learning objectives within the curriculum. Medical education can proceed with a new drive while ensuring the learning process continues a stable momentum.

Originality/value

Online examination is almost unheard of, especially for undergraduates in the medical programme. This study highlights a plausible approach in the design of the online examination and identifies the barriers and favourable edges of this platform.
On improving the surface finish of 3D printing polylactic acid parts by corundum blasting
Authors: Valerga Puerta Ana Pilar , Lopez-Castro J.D. , Ojeda López Adrián , Fernández Vidal Severo Raúl
Published: July 2021

Purpose

Fused filament fabrication or fused deposition modeling (FFF/FDM) has as one of its main restrictions the surface quality intrinsic to the process, especially linked to the layer thickness used during manufacture. The purpose of this paper is to study the possibility of improving the surface quality of polylactic acid (PLA) parts manufactured by FFF using the shot blasting technique.

Design/methodology/approach

The influence of corundum blasting on 0.2 mm layer thickness FDM PLA parts treated with two sizes of abrasive, different exposure times and different incidence pressures.

Findings

As a result, improvements of almost 80% were obtained in the surface roughness of the pieces with high exposure times, and more than 50% in just 20 s.

Originality/value

This technique is cheap, versatile and adaptable to different part sizes and geometries. Furthermore, it is a fast and environmentally friendly technique compared to conventional machining or vapor smoothing. Despite this, no previous studies have been carried out to improve the quality of this technology.
A bibliometric indicators analysis of additive manufacturing research trends from 2010 to 2020
Authors: Jemghili Rajae , Ait Taleb Abdelmajid , Khalifa Mansouri
Published: July 2021

Purpose

Although many researchers have widely studied additive manufacturing (AM) as one of the most important industrial revolutions, few have presented a bibliometric analysis of the published studies in this area. This paper aims to evaluate AM research trends based on 4607 publications most cited from year 2010 to 2020.

Design/methodology/approach

The research methodology is bibliometric indicators and network analysis, including analysis based on keywords, citation analysis, productive journal, related published papers and authors indicators. Two free available software were employed VOSviewer and Bibexcel.

Findings

Keywords analysis results indicate that among the AM processes, Selective Laser Melting and Fused Deposition Modeling techniques, are the two processes ranked on top of the techniques employed and studied with 35.76% and 20.09% respectively. The citation analysis by VOSviewer software, reveals that the medical applications field and the fabrication of metal parts are the areas that interest researchers greatly. Different new research niches, as pharmaceutical industry, digital construction and food fabrication are growing topics in AM scientific works. This study reveals that journals “Materials & design”, “Advanced materials”, “Acs applied materials & interfaces”, “Additive manufacturing”, “Advanced functional materials” and “Biofabrication” are the most productive and influential in AM scientific research.

Originality/value

The results and conclusions of this work can be used as indicators of trends in AM research and/or as prospects for future studies in this area.
Felix Oberholzer-Gee: the formula for keeping your strategy simple and focused
Authors: Leavy Brian
Published: July 2021

Purpose

In his new book Better, Simpler Strategy: A Value-Based Guide to Exceptional Performance, Felix Oberholzer-Gee offers business leaders and strategists guidance on a basic idea: unless an initiative creates value for customers, employees or suppliers, it is a waste of time and resources.

Design/methodology/approach

In this interview with S&L contributing editor Brian Leavy, Prof. Felix Oberholzer-Gee explains: “All you need to ask is, ‘Can my organization create differentiated value, can we raise customer willingness-to-pay (WTP) or lower employee and supplier willingness-to-sell (WTS)?’”.

Findings

Value-based strategy is “back-to-basics” in the sense that the approach insists on value creation as the foundation for every activity in the business.

Practical/implications

A comprehensive understanding of employees’ work lives is likely to reveal many chances to create value.

Originality/value

The interview explains why and how firms should seek to exceed expectations where it counts, and sustain excellence by diverting resources from lower-ranked value drivers.
Automation and artificial intelligence in hospitality and tourism
Authors: Jabeen Fauzia , Al Zaidi Sameera , Al Dhaheri Maryam Hamad
Published: July 2021

Purpose

This study aims to develop a framework to identify and prioritize the key factors in automation and artificial intelligence (AI) implementation in the hospitality and tourism industry.

Design/Methodology/Approach

This paper used the analytic hierarchy process, a multi-criteria decision-making method, to prioritize the factors influencing automation and AI implementation. This paper developed a model with five criteria (human knowledge, services, robotics applications, internal environment and institutional environment) and 23 sub-criteria obtained from previous studies. This paper designed a questionnaire in the form of pairwise comparisons based on the proposed hierarchical structure. This paper used a nine-point ranking scale to show the relative significance of each variable in the hierarchy and tested the model among staff from 35 five-star hotels and top-rated tourism agencies in the United Arab Emirates.

Findings

Human knowledge, services and robotics applications were the most significant factors influencing automation and AI implementation. Practitioners and researchers in the hospitality and tourism industry could apply the proposed framework to develop sustainable strategies for implementing and managing automation and AI. The proposed framework may also be useful in future studies examining AI implementation in the hospitality and tourism industry.

Originality/Value

This paper developed a framework for policymakers that identifies and could help to overcome some of the challenges in implementing automation and AI in the hospitality and tourism sector around the world. The results provide an agenda for future research in this area.
Assessing the Informational Content of Official Australian Bureau of Meteorology Forecasts of Wind Speed*
Authors: Hurn Stan , Tian Jing , Xu Lina
Published: July 2021

Understanding forecast revisions is critical for weather forecast users to determine the optimal timing for their planning decisions. A set of multi‐horizon forecasts for wind speed produced by the Australian Bureau of Meteorology for 12 weather stations in eastern Australia are examined. The forecasts are examined in terms of the econometric definition of rationality and, as a robustness check, the economic value of the forecasts is also assessed using a cost–loss model. It is demonstrated that while the forecasts exhibit some of the characteristics of rational forecasts, when official testing is introduced forecast rationality is rejected at all the weather stations considered. Furthermore, the behaviour of the forecasts is shown to be very erratic over the course of the day and over forecast horizons. Although there is some evidence that the official forecasts can provide positive economic value, this metric also indicates that there is substantial room for improvement.
Chemoradiotherapy with high‐dose cisplatin compared with weekly cisplatin for locally advanced head and neck squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Hughes Ryan T , Porosnicu Mercedes , Levine Beverly J , Lycan Thomas W , Shenker Rachel F , Frizzell Bart A , Greven Kathryn M
Published: July 2021

Introduction

Concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CRT) using high‐dose cisplatin (HDC) is standard for patients with locally advanced head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC); weekly cisplatin (WC) is an alternative. We aim to compare retrospectively the survival and disease control outcomes between these regimens in our institutional experience.

Methods

Patients with stage III‐IV HNSCC treated with definitive or postoperative CRT between 2012 and 2018 were identified. Patients were stratified by intent‐to‐treat CRT. Overall survival (OS) and disease‐free survival (DFS) were generated and multivariable Cox models were performed.

Results

193 patients were treated with concurrent HDC (n = 69), WC at 40 mg/m2 (WC40, n = 88) or WC at <40 mg/m2 (WC<40, n = 36). Treatment intent was definitive in 74% and adjuvant in 26%. Baseline differences included age, performance status and HPV status. Cumulative cisplatin dose ≥200 mg/m2 was achieved in 89% (HDC), 86% (WC40) and 25% (WC<40, P < 0.0001). For HDC, WC40 and WC<40, 2‐year OS rates were 87%, 77%, 60% and 2‐year DFS rates were 75%, 68% and 52%, respectively. Multivariable analysis revealed gender, performance status, primary site, T/N stage and chemotherapy as predictive of OS. Primary site, T/N stage and chemotherapy regimen were associated with DFS. Compared with HDC, no differences in locoregional control (LRC) or distant metastasis were observed between groups.

Conclusion

Concurrent HDC is associated with increased total cisplatin intensity, OS and DFS compared with weekly cisplatin regimens. LRC was not associated with chemotherapy regimen. HDC remains the standard of care; WC40 is a reasonable alternative that does not appear to sacrifice LRC.
Low oxygen levels decrease adaptive immune responses and ameliorate experimental asthma in mice
Authors: Hochgerner Mathias , Sturm Eva M. , Schnoegl Diana , Kwapiszewska Grazyna , Olschewski Horst , Marsh Leigh M.
Published: July 2021

Background

High‐altitude therapy has been used as add‐on treatment for allergic asthma with considerable success. However, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. In order to investigate the possible therapeutic effects of high‐altitude therapy on allergic asthma, we utilized a new in vivo mouse model.

Methods

Mice were treated with house dust mite (HDM) extract over 4 weeks and co‐exposed to 10% oxygen (Hyp) or room air for the final 2 weeks. Experimental asthma was assessed by airway hyper‐responsiveness, mucus hypersecretion and inflammatory cell recruitment. Isolated immune cells from mouse and allergic patients were stimulated in vitro with HDM under Hyp and normoxia in different co‐culture systems to analyse the adaptive immune response.

Results

Compared to HDM‐treated mice in room air, HDM‐treated Hyp‐mice displayed ameliorated mucosal hypersecretion and airway hyper‐responsiveness. The attenuated asthma phenotype was associated with strongly reduced activation of antigen‐presenting cells (APCs), effector cell infiltration and cytokine secretion. In vitro, hypoxia almost completely suppressed the HDM‐induced adaptive immune response in both mouse and human immune cells. While hypoxia did not affect effector T‐cell responses per‐se, it interfered with antigen‐presenting cell (APC) differentiation and APC/effector cell crosstalk.

Conclusions

Hypoxia‐induced reduction in the Th2‐response to HDM ameliorates allergic asthma in vivo. Hypoxia interferes with APC/T‐cell crosstalk and confers an unresponsive phenotype to APCs.
Prevention of infant eczema by neonatal Bacillus Calmette‐Guérin vaccination: The MIS BAIR randomized controlled trial
Authors: Pittet Laure F. , Messina Nicole L. , Gardiner Kaya , Freyne Bridget , Abruzzo Veronica , Francis Kate L. , Morrison Clare , Zufferey Christel , Vuillermin Peter , Allen Katrina J. , Ponsonby Anne‐Louise , Robins‐Browne Roy , Shann Frank , Flanagan Katie L. , Phillips Rod , Donath Susan , Casalaz Dan , Curtis Nigel
Published: July 2021

Background

Bacille Calmette‐Guérin (BCG) vaccine could play a role in counteracting the rising prevalence of atopic diseases, through its beneficial off‐target effects. We aimed to determine whether neonatal BCG vaccination reduces the incidence of eczema in infants.

Methods

Randomized controlled trial with 1272 infants allocated to receive BCG‐Denmark or no BCG at birth. The primary outcome was the 12‐month incidence of eczema based on 3‐monthly questionnaires. Eczema was also assessed at a 12‐month clinic visit. ClinicalTrial.gov: NCT01906853.

Results

The 12‐month eczema incidence was 32.2% in the BCG group compared with 36.6% in the control group (adjusted risk difference (aRD) −4.3%, 95% CI −9.9% to 1.3%, multiple imputation model). In addition, comparing infants in the BCG group with the control group, 15.7% vs. 19.2% had eczema lesions at the 12‐month visit (aRD −3.5%, 95% CI −8.0% to 1.0%); 35.7% vs. 39.0% reported using topical steroids (aRD −3.3, 95% CI −9.2 to 2.7); and 7.3% vs. 10.2% had severe eczema scores (aRD −3.0%, 95% CI −8.8% to 2.7%). In 344 high‐risk infants (two atopic parents), the 12‐month eczema incidence was 35.3% in the BCG group compared with 46.8% in the control group (aRD −11.5%, 95% CI −21.9% to −1.2%; number needed to treat 8.7, 95% CI 4.6 to 83.3).

Conclusion

There is insufficient evidence to recommend neonatal BCG vaccination in all infants for the prevention of eczema in the first year of life; however, a modest beneficial effect was observed among high‐risk infants. A single dose of BCG‐Denmark soon after birth could reduce the incidence of eczema in infants with two atopic parents.