bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ácido linoléico conjugado em dietas para pacu: tempo de deposição, desempenho e perfil de ácidos graxos
Authors: Santos Lilian Dena dos , Furuya Wilson Massamitu , Silva Tarcila Souza de Castro , Michelato Mariana , Matsushita Makoto
Published: July 2009

Avaliou-se a influência da adição (1,2%) de ácido linoléico conjugado (CLA) na dieta sobre o desempenho, a deposição e o perfil de ácidos graxos na carne de pacus. Foram utilizados 112 pacus em crescimento (256,19 ± 24,09), distribuídos em delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com dois tratamentos e quatro repetições, em oito tanques (1 m³ cada), e alimentados até a saciedade aparente, três vezes ao dia, durante 60 dias. Utilizou-se dieta extrusada, com 28% PB e 3.000 kcal ED/kg de ração. A cada duas semanas, foram coletados oito peixes de cada tratamento (dois de cada repetição) para determinar a composição de ácidos graxos no tempo. Pela análise de Broken-line, a máxima deposição do cis-9, trans-11, trans-10, cis-12 e do CLA total foi estabelecida com 23, 20 e 21 dias, respectivamente. Não foram observadas diferenças no desempenho e na composição química do peixe inteiro, do filé e do fígado. A deposição de CLA ocorreu em altas concentrações em todos os tecidos do pacu. O fornecimento de CLA na dieta afetou a composição de ácidos graxos poliinsaturados e monoinsaturados no peixe inteiro, filé e fígado. A deposição de CLA em pacus corresponde a até 3,6% dos lipídios totais no peixe inteiro e no filé.
Desempenho de ovinos mantidos com dietas com capim-elefante ensilado com diferentes aditivos
Authors: Carvalho Junior José Nobre de , Pires Aureliano José Vieira , Silva Fabiano Ferreira da , Veloso Cristina Mattos , Santos-Cruz Cristiane Leal dos , Carvalho Gleidson Giordano Pinto de
Published: July 2009

Avaliaram-se os efeitos da adição de 15% de casca de café, farelo de cacau ou farelo de mandioca, com base na matéria natural (peso/peso), à forragem verde de capim-elefante no momento da ensilagem sobre o consumo de nutrientes e o desempenho de 20 ovinos Santa Inês em confinamento. Os animais tinham 5 meses de idade, peso inicial de 22,27 ± 3,24 kg e o peso final foi de 28,6 ± 3,78 kg. Utilizou-se um delineamento experimental inteiramente ao acaso, com quatro tratamentos e cinco repetições. Os tratamentos foram: capim-elefante ensilado sem aditivo ou ensilado com 15% de casca de café, farelo de cacau ou farelo de mandioca. A utilização da casca de café, do farelo de cacau e do farelo de mandioca na ensilagem de capim-elefante aumentou o consumo de matéria seca. Os maiores consumos de proteína bruta foram observados nas silagens contendo farelo de cacau e farelo de mandioca. Os consumos de fibra em detergente neutro foram semelhantes e o consumo de nutrientes digestíveis totais foi maior na silagem contendo farelo de mandioca. A conversão alimentar dos animais não foi afetada pela inclusão dos aditivos na ensilagem. A inclusão de farelo de mandioca na ensilagem de capim-elefante aumenta o ganho de peso (140,5 g/dia) em ovinos Santa Inês.
Spatial and temporal distribution of fish eggs and larvae in a subtropical coastal lagoon, Santa Catarina State, Brazil
Authors: Macedo-Soares Luis C. P. , Birolo Alesandra B. , Freire Andrea S.
Published: July 2009

This study investigated the variation in abundance, distribution and composition of ichthyoplankton in a lagoon in southern Brazil through the year and at different stations within the lagoon. Ibiraquera Lagoon is a shallow coastal lagoon connected to the sea by a semi-permanent sandbar. Ichthyoplankton samples were collected monthly from December 2003 to December 2004, with a 200 µm mesh net using horizontal surface hauls. A colder, drier period was detected, contrasting with warm months during which salinity varied depending on rainfall and whether the sandbar was open or closed. The mean abundance of ichthyoplankton over the study period was 459.6 ± 76.2 (SE) eggs · 100 m-3 and 63.6 ± 7.9 (SE) larvae · 100 m-3, and they were present during all months. Significantly higher abundances of eggs and larvae were observed during warm months. The community was dominated by the family Engraulidae followed by Clupeidae, Gobiidae and Mugilidae. Engraulidae and Clupeidae were present throughout the year, with greater abundances in months with higher temperatures. Some coastal fish species spawn in Ibiraquera Lagoon, mainly near to the sandbar, demonstrating that the lagoon is a spawning area for coastal stock. We recommend the establishment of environmental procedures to promote the conservation of Ibiraquera Lagoon and its ichthyoplankton community.
Ecological linkages between community and genetic diversity in zooplankton among boreal shield lakes
Authors: Derry Alison M. , Arnott Shelley E. , Shead Justin A. , Hebert Paul D. N. , Boag Peter T.
Published: July 2009

Ecological linkages between species diversity in communities and genetic diversity in populations have potential to influence the assembly of communities in habitats recovering from human disturbance, but few studies have attempted to synthesize relationships between these levels of biological organization, especially for locally adapted species. No such studies have been done in freshwater ecosystems despite the plethora of environmental stressors plaguing aquatic communities around the world. We present the first study to test (1) whether diversity and dissimilarity among communities and populations of a locally adapted species are correlated and (2) whether communities and population haplotypes respond differently to environmental selection and spatial structure of habitats. We used a fragment of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) belonging to the gene cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI) as a neutral tag to discriminate among different population haplotype variants. In boreal lakes with different histories of exposure to anthropogenic acidification, diversity and dissimilarity metrics for crustacean zooplankton communities and locally adapted populations of an abundant and broadly distributed calanoid copepod species, Leptodiaptomus minutus, did not correlate. This discord was likely because zooplankton communities responded more strongly to acidity and acidity‐related environmental variables than spatial structure of lakes, whereas the distribution of L. minutus haplotypes was more strongly governed by spatial structure of lakes than environmental selection. Although spatial structure was the dominant driver of haplotype structure among L. minutus lake populations, there were similarities in the types of environmental variables that influenced the distributions of species in communities and haplotypes in populations. How haplotype diversity among populations relates to community diversity depends on the relative influence of spatial structure of habitats and selection at each of these scales of biological organization.
Experimental dry‐season N deposition alters species composition in southern Californian mediterranean‐type shrublands
Authors: Vourlitis George L. , Pasquini Sarah C.
Published: July 2009

Nitrogen (N) deposition in heavily polluted southern Californian shrublands is estimated to be 20–45 kg N·ha−1·yr−1, but more exposed locales can receive as much as 145 kg N·ha−1·yr−1. This large anthropogenic N input has the capacity to alter the composition of plant communities. We conducted N‐fertilization experiments in chaparral and coastal sage scrub (CSS) stands over a five‐year period to test the hypothesis that plant community composition would change in response to dry‐season N addition because of an increase in the relative abundance of herbaceous plant species. Our results indicate that dry‐season addition of N significantly altered the community composition of CSS but not chaparral. Contrary to our original hypothesis, changes in community composition were due to changes in the relative abundance of dominant shrubs and not herbaceous plant species. Given that community‐level responses to changes in resource availability may take years to decades in order to fully materialize, our results suggest that continued dry‐season input of N will cause even larger changes in community composition over time. These results have implications for plant species composition and diversity of mediterranean‐type shrublands as N deposition increases with population growth and fossil‐fuel use.
Environmental change controls postglacial forest dynamics through interspecific differences in life‐history traits
Authors: Lacourse Terri
Published: July 2009

A key goal of functional ecology is identifying relationships between species traits and environmental conditions. Here, the nature and significance of these relationships to community composition on long ecological timescales is investigated using paleoecological and paleoenvironmental data from coastal British Columbia, Canada. RLQ and fourth‐corner analyses, two three‐table statistical techniques, are used to link traits of the region's dominant woody plants to environmental conditions over the last 15 000 calendar years (cal yr) through a fossil pollen record derived from lake sediments. Both RLQ and fourth‐corner analyses revealed highly significant correlations between plant traits and temporal changes in environmental conditions. Axis 1 of the RLQ explained 92% of the total covariance between plant species traits and paleoenvironmental variables and was correlated most strongly with temperature and relative growth rate. In general, climate change during the cold period following deglaciation favored species such asAlnus sinuataandPinus contortathat exhibit a “fast” life‐history strategy (e.g., high relative growth rate, short life span, low shade tolerance), whereas the relative climatic stability of the last 8000 cal yr favored species such asTsuga heterophyllathat exhibit a “slow” life‐history strategy (e.g., low relative growth rate, long life span, high shade tolerance). Fourth‐corner analyses revealed significant correlations between all paleoenvironmental variables (i.e., temperature, precipitation, summer insolation, vegetation density) and most plant traits (relative growth rate, minimum seed‐bearing age, seed mass, height, life span, and shade, drought, and waterlogging tolerances). The strongest correlation was between paleotemperature and height, reflecting the positive effect of temperature on plant growth and development and the overarching competitive advantage that height confers. This research demonstrates that environmental conditions interact significantly with life‐history and stress tolerance traits over long ecological timescales to determine forest composition. Climate is the ultimate control on postglacial forest composition and species abundances, but long‐term community assembly is also constrained through interspecific differences in plant traits.
Historically calibrated predictions of butterfly species' range shift using global change as a pseudo‐experiment
Authors: Kharouba Heather M. , Algar Adam C. , Kerr Jeremy T.
Published: July 2009

Global changes have the potential to cause a mass extinction. Predicting how species will respond to anticipated changes is a necessary prerequisite to effectively conserving them and reducing extinction rates. Species niche models are widely used for such predictions, but their reliability over long time periods is known to vary. However, climate and land use changes in northern countries provide a pseudo‐experiment to test model reliability for predicting future conditions, provided historical data on both species distributions and environmental conditions are available. Using maximum entropy, a prominent modeling technique, we constructed historical models of butterfly species' ranges across Canada and then ran the models forward to present‐day to test how well they predicted the current ranges of species. For the majority of species, projections of how we predicted species would respond to known climate changes corresponded with species' observed responses (mean autoregressive R2 = 0.70). This correspondence declined for northerly and very widely distributed species. Our results demonstrate that at least some species are tracking shifting climatic conditions across very large geographic areas and that these shifts can be predicted accurately using niche models. We also found, however, that models for some species fail when projected through time despite high spatial model accuracies during model training, highlighting the need to base management decisions on species assemblages, not individual species.
The coupling of biodiversity and productivity in phytoplankton communities: consequences for biomass stoichiometry
Authors: Striebel Maren , Behl Stephan , Stibor Herwig
Published: July 2009

There is widespread concern that loss of biodiversity can influence important ecosystem services. A positive relationship between diversity and productivity has been observed in investigations of terrestrial and aquatic plant communities. However, an increase in primary production (carbon assimilation) does not necessarily result in higher nutrient uptake by primary producers. There is a loose coupling between carbon assimilation and nutrient uptake in autotrophs, and their biomass carbon‐to‐nutrient ratios (stoichiometry) are flexible. We performed controlled laboratory experiments to investigate the effect of phytoplankton biodiversity on phytoplankton stoichiometry. Our results indicate that biodiversity influences carbon assimilation and nutrient uptake of phytoplankton communities in different ways, resulting in variations of biomass stoichiometry. Data from 46 lake communities also support this link. Shifts in the biomass stoichiometry of phytoplankton communities are generally attributed to environmental fluctuations in resources. However, our results show that biodiversity is also important in determining their stoichiometry.
Likelihood ridges and multimodality in population growth rate models
Authors: Polansky Leo , de Valpine Perry , Lloyd-Smith James O. , Getz Wayne M.
Published: July 2009

A central problem in population ecology is to use time series data to estimate the form of density dependence in the per capita growth rate (pgr). This is often accomplished with phenomenological models such as the theta‐Ricker or generalized Beverton‐Holt. Using the theta‐Ricker model as a simple but flexible description of density dependence, we apply theory and simulations to show how multimodality and ridges in the likelihood surface can emerge even in the absence of model misspecification or observation error. The message for model fitting of real data is to consider the likelihood surface in detail, check whether the best‐fit model is located on a likelihood ridge and, if so, evaluate predictive differences of biologically plausible models along the ridge. We present a detailed analysis of a focal data set showing how multimodality and ridges emerge in practice for fits of several parametric models, including a state–space model with explicit accommodation of observation error. Best‐fit models for these data are biologically dubious beyond the range of the data, and likelihood ratio confidence regions include a wide range of more biologically plausible models. We demonstrate the broad relevance of these findings by presenting analyses of 25 additional data sets spanning a wide range of taxa. The results here are relevant to information‐theoretic and Bayesian methods, which also rely on likelihoods. Beyond presentation of best‐fit models and confidence regions around individual parameters, effort toward understanding features of the likelihood surface will help ensure the most robust translation from statistical analysis to biological interpretation.
First‐flowering dates of plants in the Northern Great Plains
Authors: Travers Steven E. , Dunnell Kelsey L.
Published: July 2009

Phenological observations of plant flowering patterns provide useful information for studying the ecological impact of global climate change over long‐term periods. However, the long‐term data sets with which meaningful comparisons can be made are rare, especially in the less‐populated Northern Great Plains region of North America. Here we present the observations of first‐flowering time of native and nonnative plant species in North Dakota and Minnesota over the course of 51 years in the last century. Orin A. Stevens recorded the first‐flowering time of 753 species in the vicinity of Fargo, North Dakota, USA, and throughout North Dakota from 1910 to 1961. These data offer baseline indications of both the timing of first flowering and the presence/absence for a wide variety of plants in a region of North America with a relatively short growing season.

The complete data sets corresponding to abstracts published in the Data Papers section of the journal are published electronically in Ecological Archives at http://esapubs.org/archive. (The accession number for each Data Paper is givendirectly beneath the title.)
Iterative Ensemble Kalman Filters for Data Assimilation
Authors: Li Gaoming , Reynolds Albert C.
Published: July 2009

The ensemble Kalman filter (EnKF) is a subject of intensive investigation for use as a reservoir management tool. For strongly nonlinear problems, however, the EnKF can fail to achieve an acceptable data match at certain times in the data assimilation process. Here, we provide two iterative EnKF procedures to remedy this deficiency and explore the validity of these iterative methods compared to the standard EnKF by considering two examples. In both examples, we are able to obtain better data matches using iterative methods than with the standard EnKF.

The simplest derivation of the EnKF analysis equation "linearizes" the objective function by adding the vector of predicted data to the original combined state vector of model parameters and dynamical variables. We show that there is no assurance that this trick for turning a nonlinear problem into a linear problem results in a correct sampling of the probability density function (pdf) one wishes to sample. However, we show that augmenting the state vector with the data results in a correct procedure for sampling the pdf if, at every data assimilation step, the predicted data vector is a linear function of the combined (unaugmented) state vector. Without this assumption, we know of no way to show EnKF samples correctly.
Gas Well Liquid Loading From the Power Perspective
Authors: Dotson B.. , Nunez-Paclibon E..
Published: July 2009

This paper introduces a new systematic way to evaluate gas well deliquification options throughout the life of a well by using power as the most general measure of cost.

As a gas well depletes, the gas velocity declines to the point that liquid droplets are not removed from the wellbore. Liquids accumulate and impose increased pressure on the sandface. To maintain production, we apply artificial lift. In some cases, such as plungers or foamers, we make better use of the remaining reservoir energy. In other cases, we apply external energy using methods such as gas lift or pumps.

Improving gas well recovery by removing wellbore liquids accumulation is of interest to industry in two general ways. First, there is the perennial question of how to select deliquification techniques for the entire life of the well. This paper provides a framework to compare the relative merits of various artificial lift systems through final depletion. Furthermore, stakeholders are demanding more substantial bases for booked reserves, and with more development this method offers a defensible estimation of the economic limit with respect to liquids accumulation that honors the depth, productivity, and completion characteristics of a particular well.

To understand the appropriate application of artificial lift power, we proceeded in two stages. First, we modeled a synthetic two-phase gas well including the liquid-loading behavior. The model produced the familiar result of natural flow in early production followed by lower production as the well declines and liquids accumulate. Next, we compared using the well's energy (i.e., siphon or velocity tubing strings) to the addition of external energy (i.e., gas-lift injection and downhole pumps) to optimize production at every stage of the depletion. We used the theoretical external power as a proxy for well operating cost to calculate the economic limit.

Ultimate recovery was improved by the addition of external energy. In particular, pumping was found to be favored over gas lift, because it provided lower bottomhole pressures and required less power, thereby yielding higher production at any point in time along with a lower economic limit rate.
Superposition Principle and Reciprocity for Pressure Transient Analysis of Data From Interfering Wells
Authors: Schroeter Thomas von , Gringarten Alain C.
Published: July 2009

Based on a linearized model for the isothermal flow of a single, compressible phase through a reservoir of arbitrary shape with impermeable or constant-pressure boundaries and spatially varying, anisotropic rock properties, we develop a multiwell extension of the superposition principle and re-examine the question of reciprocity between wells that may be modeled as point sinks or as extended sinks. In the latter case, we find that the answer depends on the well-bore boundary conditions: Reciprocity holds for infinite conductivity wells but fails to hold for spatially uniform sink strength. We also derive a multiwell generalization of the fractional transformation in the Laplace domain, which adds skin and wellbore storage to a reservoir model, and find that its impact on reciprocity is neutral: It preserves reciprocity if it holds for the reservoir model.
Barite Dissolution/Precipitation Kinetics in Porous Media and in the Presence and Absence of a Common Scale Inhibitor
Authors: Shen Dong , Fu Gongmin , Al-Saiari Hamad A. , Kan Amy T. , Tomson Mason B.
Published: July 2009

Field engineers and reservoir modelers often question if equilibrium conditions prevail downhole, and when do super(sub)saturation conditions exist. This questioning is especially critical in designing seawater injection for pressure maintenance caused by serious barite scale problems in barium-containing formation water. This paper: (1) discusses the experimental research on rock-brine interaction to determine if equilibrium conditions and kinetics prevail, and (2) develops realistic seawater/inhibitor injection schemes for scale control during seawater injection.

We have examined the question from three points of view: (1) thermodynamic equilibrium, (2) mass transport kinetics, and (3) experimental testing of flow through columns with or without scale inhibitors. If the reaction direction is from undersaturated toward saturation, then equilibrium normally occurs rapidly, being observed within approximately 5 minutes. When the reaction is going from supersaturated to the equilibrium direction, such as during seawater injection into a barium-containing formation, the precipitation reaction is often slow (i.e., equilibrium is not observed after 10 minutes of contact time. Both barite dissolution and precipitation rates on clean core material are consistent with those reported in literature with a second order rate constants for dissolution (≈30,172 L2·mol−1·m−2·sec−1, 100°C) and precipitation (= 938 L2·mol−1·m−2·sec−1, 100°C).

The kinetics of barite formation can significantly slow down in the presence of scale inhibitors, and the sulfate tolerance can be increased. The kinetics of both barite dissolution and precipitation are poorly understood at the present time. Combining sulfate reduction and scale-inhibitor application in intelligent engineering design can significantly reduce the problems and costs associated with seawater injection. Equations for the engineering design of such treatment were derived from nucleation kinetics, inhibition efficiency, and inhibitor adsorption and transport. Sulfate tolerance in the presence of scale inhibitors is measured and compared with the prediction from nucleation inhibition theory with excellent agreement. An innovative inhibitor treatment by way of coreflood has been done as proof-of-concept and is discussed herein.
Microbial Pilot Test for the Control of Paraffin and Asphaltenes at Prudhoe Bay
Authors: Ferguson Keith R. , Lloyd Christine T. , Spencer Dan , Hoeltgen James
Published: July 2009

The following paper describes a six month pilot test for the control of paraffin and asphaltene deposition at the reservoir level using naturally occurring microorganisms. For the course of the paper, paraffin will be defined as pentane soluble hydrocarbon precipitates. Likewise, asphaltene will be defined as hydrocarbon deposits which are pentane insoluble and toluene soluble. The microbial project was conducted on four wells in the Eastern Operating Area of the Prudhoe Bay oil field. The microorganisms were selected based upon their ability to metabolize long hydrocarbon chains into lighter components.

Data collected from the project reflects the impact on total fluid production and crude oil physical and chemical properties i.e. API gravity, viscosity, and sulfur content.

Operation and maintenance costs for the microbial treatments versus alternative methods are shown and proven to be favorable on certain well types. The advantages of growing the microbes on site and increasing the variety and type of microbial functions is presented. The treatment techniques for effective microbial application along with candidate selection are discussed.
Analysis of Frequencies Radiated by the Point-to-Plane Electrode Configuration under DC and AC Voltages
Authors: Bhangaonkar Avinash S , Dudani Kalpesh K , Kulkarni Shrikrishna V
Published: July 2009

The phenomenon of corona has been addressed in this paper. The theoretical description of the events occurring during such a discharge has been given. Experiments have been conducted to detect corona using ultra-high frequency (UHF) antennas. The results obtained have been analyzed for their frequency content on the basis of these physical processes. An attempt has been made to understand the effect of space charge on the radiated field.
Three-Phase Transformer Winding Deformation Diagnostics using Terminal Capacitance Measurements
Authors: Joshi Prasad , Kulkarni Shrikrishna V
Published: July 2009

This paper presents a novel method for determining location and extent of deformation in three-phase transformer windings. It is established, with experiments on laboratory scale model coils, that the deformation coefficient is an effective indicator of deformation in star and delta connected windings. The diagnostic procedure is easy to implement and deskilled. The diagnostic procedure is elaborated in the paper. Simulation results are compared with experimental readings on the model coils.
In the Shadows of Family Life
Authors: Jureidini Ray
Published: July 2009

From a series of interviews with Lebanese middle- and upper-class women in their latter years, the paper traces an oral history of domestic service in Lebanon over the past century. The interviews reveal various periods when women and girls were recruited from the local village poor as well from among Syrians, Palestinians, Kurds, Egyptians, and others in accordance with convenience and regional political circumstances. The long-term employment of Arab women in domestic service, with a primary focus on “live-in” maids, may be characterized as carrying a “burden” of obligation and responsibility in terms of relations of patronage and fictive kin. For example, Arab women in service, after they left the employing family, continued to claim patronage and resources for themselves and sometimes for their children as well. The outbreak of the civil war in 1975, however, marked a radical shift in the source of domestic labor, from Arab to non-Arab migrant workers, where patronage obligations were no longer required (or claimed). The paper provides anecdotal testimonies of prewar relations, identifying a continuing dependency, but now on quasi-contractual arrangements with Asian and African migrant domestic workers.
An Analysis of Transboundary Water Resources: A Case Study of River Brahmaputra
Authors: Bhattarai Debi Prasad
Published: July 2009

The need for water management on hydrological boundaries is mainly triggered by the growing competition for water or by the need to cooperate in an upstream downstream relation. For an institution operating on political boundaries, not coinciding with the boundaries of the river basin, it is very difficult to allocate or prioritise water or carry out flood control measures. A system of water management on political boundaries will induce the respective authorities to either monopolise the water supply sources within its area and to transfer the problem of flooding to downstream. In this article it is attempted to explore the major transboundary issues that need to be addressed in the whole Brahmaputra River basin. Sharing of resources, sharing of basic data and information and protection and preservation of ecosystem are identified as three major issues. In this context, controversial legal issues between the riparian nations in the past were also analysed which has triggered the scope for integrated approach to manage the Brahmaputra River basin. In the later part of the article, a critical analysis was made to understand the principles, approaches and instruments to address the above problems. Finally, some legal materials are presented which could be used as a basis for solving the major river basin issues.Key words: water management; diversifying water supply sources; water management strategies; NepalJournal of the Institute of Engineering, Vol. 7, No. 1, July 2009, pp. 135-141doi: 10.3126/jie.v7i1.2072
Institutional Gasifier Stove: A Sustainable Prospect for Institutional Cooking
Authors: Ale Bhakta B. , Bhattarai Nawaraj , Gautam Jitendra , Chapagain Pradeep , Pushpa K. C.
Published: July 2009

Gasifier stove can act as a simple and very important device for an energy sector which can improve cooking and kitchen environment. It would be more worthy if it is used for roadside hotels, hostels, schools, barracks, etc. where cooking is used for a large number of people. Taking this into consideration, a study had been conducted by studying the performance of the existing modified AIT model gasifier at NAST and then fabricating new institutional gasifier with further modification. The newly fabricated gasifier has better thermal efficiency compared to that of the modified gasifier present in NAST when tested with different types of fuel. The newly fabricated gasifier (IGS-2F) has an average efficiency of about 19% compared to modified gasifier (IGS-2M) which has an average efficiency of 17%. The pine cone has the highest efficiency followed by rice husk briquette, maize cob and wood chips respectively for IGS-2M. The smoke index test was done and compared with the standard smoke scale to find the extent of pollution and it is found at acceptable limits after the gas production has started. The socio-economic analysis shows that IGS-2F is feasible having a payback period of about 14 months and the cost benefit ratio of 4.0.Key Words: Institutional gasifier; Thermal efficiency; Smoke index and Socio-economic analysis etc.Journal of the Institute of Engineering, Vol. 7, No. 1, July 2009 pp. 142-149doi: 10.3126/jie.v7i1.2074
Calcium Oscillations and its Functional Siognificance in Chronobiology of Pancreatic Î²-Cells: The Art of Discovering Science
Authors: Ahmed Meftun , Fariduddin KM , Khanam Fatima , Begum Jesmin Ara , Ara Zinat , Deb Samarjit
Published: July 2009

doi: 10.3329/imcj.v1i1.2891  Ibrahim Med. Coll. J. 2007; 1(1): 21-31
Enteric Myocarditis: A Case Report
Authors: Mahmud Kawkab , Musa AKM , Ahmed AKM Shaheen , Nazimuddin Khwaja , Sarker RSC
Published: July 2009

Enteric fever commonly causes fatality from abdominal complications or toxemia but it can also cause death from complications of myocarditis albeit rarely. In September, 2005 a 22 year old man was admitted in BIRDEM with the features of pneumonia. Later on, the patient developed acute left ventricular failure and ultimately diagnosed as a case of drug resistant enteric fever with myocarditis Ibrahim Med. Coll. J. 2007; 1(1): 34-37 Key words: Enteric fever; abdominal complications doi: 10.3329/imcj.v1i1.2893
Curvature-Based Environment Description for Robot Navigation Using Laser Range Sensors
Authors: Vázquez-Martín Ricardo , Núñez Pedro , Bandera Antonio , Sandoval Francisco
Published: July 2009

This work proposes a new feature detection and description approach for mobile robot navigation using 2D laser range sensors. The whole process consists of two main modules: a sensor data segmentation module and a feature detection and characterization module. The segmentation module is divided in two consecutive stages: First, the segmentation stage divides the laser scan into clusters of consecutive range readings using a distance-based criterion. Then, the second stage estimates the curvature function associated to each cluster and uses it to split it into a set of straight-line and curve segments. The curvature is calculated using a triangle-area representation where, contrary to previous approaches, the triangle side lengths at each range reading are adapted to the local variations of the laser scan, removing noise without missing relevant points. This representation remains unchanged in translation or rotation, and it is also robust against noise. Thus, it is able to provide the same segmentation results although the scene will be perceived from different viewpoints. Therefore, segmentation results are used to characterize the environment using line and curve segments, real and virtual corners and edges. Real scan data collected from different environments by using different platforms are used in the experiments in order to evaluate the proposed environment description algorithm.
A SPLITTING ITERATIVE METHOD FOR SOLVING THE NEUTRON TRANSPORT EQUATION
Authors: Awono Onana , Tagoudjeu Jacques
Published: July 2009

This paper presents an iterative method based on a self‐adjoint and m‐accretive splitting for the numerical treatment of the steady state neutron transport equation. Theoretical analysis shows that this method converges unconditionally to the unique solution of the transport equation. The convergence of the method is numerically illustrated and compared with the standard Source Iteration method and multigrid method on sample problems in slab geometry and in two dimensional space.
Journée d'étude ADBS recherche
Authors: Dassa Michèle , Guha Kumar
Published: July 2009

Résumé Le secteur Recherche de l’ADBS proposait le 12 mai 2006 une journée sur les archives ouvertes et le libre accès à l’IST. Des expériences d’archives thématiques ou institutionnelles ont été présentées, les intervenants décrivant les actions menées pour convaincre les chercheurs de déposer leur production dans ces archives et le rôle des documentalistes dans la constitution et le suivi de celles-ci. Les débats ont abordé les problématiques du choix des documents à déposer, de l’obligation ou non du dépôt, de l’utilisation de ces archives pour la mise en place d’outils de suivi et d’évaluation de la production scientifique.
Bonnes feuilles. Indice, index, indexation
Authors: Kovacs Susan , Timimi Ismaïl
Published: July 2009

Résumé À l’occasion de la parution, cet été, aux éditions de l’ADBS, des actes du colloque « Indice, index, indexation » (Lille, 3-4 novembre 2005), nous en proposons ici la synthèse qui figure en introduction à l’ouvrage. Les organisateurs de cette manifestation s’étaient proposé d’interroger les contextes d’élaboration et d’utilisation des signes indiciels et d’analyser la notion d’index liée à ces pratiques d’indexation et à ces objets indiciels. Et d’engager un dialogue entre différents horizons disciplinaires et terrains professionnels pour débattre des multiples enjeux de l’indexation. Cette rencontre transdisciplinaire a fait la richesse des débats et constitue un des principaux apports de ce colloque organisé par les laboratoires CERSATES et GERICO de l’Université Lille-3.
Journée d'étude ADBS. L'impact du numérique sur l'évolution des modes de travail
Authors: Lamouroux Mireille , Ferchaud Bernadette
Published: July 2009

Résumé Le 7 juillet dernier, l’ADBS invitait ses adhérents à une journée de réflexion sur l’évolution que connaissent les modes de travail sous l’effet de la numérisation. Inépuisable sujet abordé cette fois-ci dans une perspective résolument élargie : ce n’est qu’après une matinée consacrée à des réflexions de chercheurs sur les mutations des modes de travail en général et à des témoignages de professionnels d’autres sphères que celle de l’information-documentation que, l’après-midi, une table ronde devait aborder les bouleversements que vivent nos métiers et les perspectives qui se dessinent pour eux.
Publications électroniques et dépôts d'œuvres en libre accès
Authors: Mossink Wilma
Published: July 2009

Résumé À quelles questions juridiques est confronté un établissement universitaire ou de recherche qui entend proposer en libre accès les articles publiés et les autres travaux de ses membres ? Parce qu’il est rare qu’un auteur connaisse ses droits et fasse la différence entre donner une autorisation et céder ses droits, il importe de définir les conditions juridiques de l’auto-archivage et du dépôt dans une archive ouverte : qui est titulaire de quels droits, et comment ceux-ci se répartissent-ils entre l’auteur, l’institution et l’éditeur ? Cette étude s’appuie sur les réflexions et initiatives du groupe de Zwolle, de la fondation SURF, du groupement SPARC. Elle présente diverses licences de publication, de diffusion et d’archivage électroniques.
Usage des archives ouvertes dans les domaines des mathématiques et de l'informatique
Authors: Wojciechowska Anna
Published: July 2009

Résumé Le mouvement en faveur du libre accès commence à s’implanter dans la communauté scientifique française – du moins en parle-t-elle de plus en plus. Mais très peu d’études ont encore été consacrées aux pratiques réelles d’auto-archivage et de publication dans des revues électroniques libres d’accès. Cet article présente une enquête menée dans un domaine limité – celui des mathématiques et de l’informatique – et auprès d’un nombre relativement restreint de chercheurs. Malgré la taille de cet échantillon, qui ne permet sans doute pas de généraliser tous les résultats obtenus à l’ensemble des chercheurs français, l’analyse des résultats de cette enquête permet de faire quelques constatations éclairantes sur leur attitude face au libre accès.
IFLA 2006 : Congrès mondial des bibliothèques et de l'information
Authors: Lamouroux Mireille
Published: July 2009

Résumé Au cours du dernier congrès mondial des bibliothèques et de l’information organisé du 19 au 25 août à Séoul par la Fédération internationale des associations de bibliothécaires et des bibliothèques (IFLA), de nombreuses interventions ont été consacrées à la formation à la maîtrise de l’information, qu’il s’agisse de la formation des citoyens de la société de l’information ou de celle des professionnels de l’information et de la documentation. Diverses directives et expériences ont été présentées au cours de ces sessions.
Morphological population balance model in principal component space
Authors: Wang Xue Z. , Ma Cai Y.
Published: July 2009

Multidimensional and morphological population balance (PB) models for crystallization processes have been proposed in literature, which can be used to simulate the dynamic evolution of particle shape as well as particle size distribution. These models, however, can become computationally expensive when the crystal has a large number of independent faces, and are not applicable to noncrystalline, irregularly shaped particles such as those encountered in granulation and milling. This article addresses these challenges by introducing principal component analysis (PCA) into morphological PB modeling. PCA transforms the shape description of a particle from a high‐dimensional domain to a lower dimensional, principal component (PC) space. Morphological PB models can then be built in this latent variable space, greatly reducing the computational complexity. It also makes it possible to model noncrystalline irregularly shaped particles. The original particle shape at any time can be reconstructed from the PCs. © 2009 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2009
Intravascular ultrasound‐guided retrograde wiring for chronic total occlusion
Authors: Furuichi Shinichi , Satoh Toshiya
Published: July 2009

This report describes a retrograde wiring technique, using intravascular ultrasound, for a blunt chronic total occlusion with a side branch at the site of occlusion of which the operator has difficulty of awareness of the proper re‐entry point with the retrograde wire angiographically. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Carbocationic n‐endo‐trig Cyclizations
Authors: Shi Lei , Horn Markus , Kobayashi Shinjiro , Mayr Herbert
Published: July 2009

Unsaturated benzyl cations (4‐MeOC6H4)CH+(CH2)nCHCH2 (1) have been generated laser‐flash photolytically in acetonitrile in the presence of enol ethers or 2‐methylfuran. The reactions of the cations 1 (n=2 and 4) with these π‐nucleophiles follow second‐order rate laws with rate constants comparable to those of the analogous saturated species (4‐MeOC6H4)CH+(CH2)3CH3. Product studies show the absence of cyclization products. In contrast, the carbocation (4‐MeOC6H4)CH+(CH2)3CHCH2 (1 d) undergoes a highly reversible 6‐endo‐trig cyclization which is approximately 107 times faster than the corresponding intermolecular reaction of (4‐MeOC6H4)CH+(CH2)3CH3 with hex‐1‐ene. This cyclization yields a highly electrophilic, partially bridged carbocation, which accounts for the finding that 1 d is consumed eight times faster in trifluoroethanol solution than all other carbocations of this series. Quantum‐chemical calculations (B3LYP/6‐311G(d,p) and MP2/6‐31+G(2d,p)) have been performed to elucidate the structures of the involved carbocations. Consequences of these findings on the role of π‐participation in solvolysis reactions are discussed.
Single and Consecutive Cyclization Reactions of Alkynyl Carbene Complexes and 8‐Azaheptafulvenes: Direct Access to Polycyclic Pyrrole and Indole Derivatives
Authors: Barluenga José , García‐Rodríguez Jaime , Suárez‐Sobrino Ángel L. , Tomás Miguel
Published: July 2009

The reactivity of alkynyl and enynyl Fischer carbene complexes towards 8‐azaheptafulvenes is examined. Alkynyl carbenes 1 a–f undergo regioselective [8+2] heterocyclization with 8‐aryl‐8‐azaheptafulvenes 2 a, b providing cycloheptapyrroles 3 and 4 with metal carbene or ester functionality at C3. Moreover, consecutive cyclization reactions are involved when enynyl carbenes are used. Thus, the cyclopenta[b]pyrrole framework 7 is formed by the consecutive [8+2] cyclization and cyclopentannulation reactions. The initially formed cyclopentannulation adduct can be intercepted through a Diels–Alder reaction with classic dienophiles to afford increasing structural complexity (compounds 8 and 9). More importantly, the construction of the indole skeleton is accomplished with a high degree of substitution and functionalization (compounds 11–15) by a one‐pot sequence that involves [8+2] cyclization, RNC or CO insertion, and ring closure.
ChemInform Abstract: High‐Pressure Synthesis, Electron Energy‐Loss Spectroscopy Investigations, and Single Crystal Structure Determination of a Spinel‐Type Gallium Oxonitride Ga2.79□0.21 (O3.05N0.76□0.19).
Authors: Huppertz Hubert , Hering Stefanie A. , Zvoriste Carmen E. , Lauterbach Stefan , Oeckler Oliver , Riedel Ralf , Kinski Isabel
Published: July 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Cs8‐xSi46: A Type‐I Clathrate with Expanded Silicon Framework.
Authors: Wosylus Aron , Veremchuk Igor , Schnelle Walter , Baitinger Michael , Schwarz Ulrich , Grin Yuri
Published: July 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Crystal and Band Structure of K2AlTi(PO4)3 with the Langbeinite‐Type Structure.
Authors: Zhao Dan , Zhang Hao , Huang Shu‐Ping , Zhang Wei‐Long , Yang Song‐Lin , Cheng Wen‐Dan
Published: July 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Crystallized Zn3 (OH)2V2O7·nH2O: Hydrothermal Synthesis and Magnetic Property
Authors: Ni Shibing , Lin Shumei , Pan Qingtao , Huang Kai , Yang Feng , He Deyan
Published: July 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis, Structural, Magnetic, and Electrical Study of BaSrCo2O5, a Highly Disordered Cubic Perovskite.
Authors: Boulahya K. , Ruiz‐Morales J. C. , Hernando M. , Gonzalez‐Calbet J. M. , Parras M.
Published: July 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Structure and Magnetic Properties of Double Perovskites SrCaLnRuO6 (Ln: La, Pr, Nd).
Authors: Sasaki Akira , Doi Yoshihiro , Hinatsu Yukio
Published: July 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Characterization of Ruthenium and Iron—Ruthenium Prussian Blue Analogues.
Authors: Behera Jogendra N. , D'Alessandro Deanna M. , Soheilnia Navid , Long Jeffrey R.
Published: July 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Ligand Differentiated Complementary Rh‐Catalyst Systems for the Enantioselective Desymmetrization of meso‐Cyclic Anhydrides.
Authors: Johnson Jeffrey B. , Cook Matthew J. , Rovis Tomislav
Published: July 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Efficient Method for the Synthesis of Michael Adducts Using Kaolin Preloaded with KOH.
Authors: Srihari G. , Murthy M. Marthanda
Published: July 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.