bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The viability of Leptospira is related to physicochemical properties of the surface water surrounding an agricultural area and HemO and LipL32 gene expression in response to iron in water
Authors: Wongbutdee Jaruwan , Jittimanee Jutharat
Published: October 2021

Background

The pathogenic Leptospira can survive and contaminate surface water based on physicochemical factors. This study aimed to determine how the physicochemical properties of water sources influence the growth and effect of iron on the gene expression of Leptospira spp. P47.

Methods

Surface water samples (n=55) were collected and used for Leptospira spp. P47 cultivation. Physicochemical factors, including iron, calcium, magnesium and pH, were analyzed. The association between Leptospira spp. P47 viability at days 5, 10 and 15 with the physicochemical factors were analyzed. In addition, this bacterium was cultured in six selected water samples. The effect of iron in water on HemO and LipL32 gene expression was determined by relative quantification real-time PCR.

Results

Leptospira viability at day 5 was not significantly correlated with physicochemical factors, while Leptospira viability at day 10 was associated with both pH and iron. The Leptospira viability rate at day 15 had a significantly positive association with pH and iron and a negative association with calcium. HemO expression was significantly increased, mostly in selected water samples and under iron-depleted conditions. Conversely, LipL32 expression was significantly decreased in all water samples.

Conclusions

Physicochemical factors in natural surface waters are key factors for bacterial survival in the environment, which may increase the chance of Leptospira infection in humans.
Circ_0001658 regulates gefitinib resistance of non-small cell lung cancer through miR-409-3p/TWIST1 axis
Authors: Yu Xin , Fu Xueyan , Zhang Xia , Bai Changcai , Wang Yang
Published: October 2021

To investigate the function and mechanism of circular RNA circ_0001658 on gefitinib resistance of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells. Circ_0001658, microRNA (miRNA, miR)-409-3p and twist family bHLH transcription factor 1 (TWIST1) expression levels in NSCLC tissues and cell lines were probed by quantitative real-time PCR and Western blot assays. Cell counting kit-8 assay was adopted to examine the inhibitory effect of different concentrations of gefitinib on the viability of NSCLC cells, with the 50% concentration of inhibition (IC50) value calculated. Besides, BrdU assay and flow cytometry assay were used to detect the proliferative and apoptotic rate of NSCLC cells. What’s more, the binding relationships between miR-409-3p and circ_0001658, miR-409-3p and TWIST1 mRNA 3′ untranslated region (3′ UTR) were confirmed by dual-luciferase reporter gene assay and RNA immunoprecipitation assay. Circ_0001658 expression was raised in NSCLC tissue samples and cell lines, which was significantly associated with TNM stage and the differentiation degree of NSCLC tissues. Knocking down circ_0001658 could restrain the viability of NSCLC cells, promote the apoptosis, and reduce the IC50 of gefitinib, while transfection of miR-409-3p inhibitors could partially reverse these impacts. Additionally, circ_0001658 directly targeted miR-409-3p and negatively modulated its expression. TWIST1 was the target of miR-409-3p, which could be indirectly and positively modulated by circ_0001658. Moreover, circ_0001658 expression was negatively interrelated with miR-409-3p expression, while positively correlated with TWIST1 expression in NSCLC samples. Circ_0001658 promotes the malignant phenotypes and the resistance to gefitinib of NSCLC cells by regulating the miR-409-3p/TWIST1 axis.
Wild-Type Transthyretin Amyloid Cardiomyopathy: The Gordian-Knot of Novel Therapeutic Regimens
Authors: Zegkos Thomas , Gossios Thomas , Ntelios Dimitris , Parcharidou Despoina , Karvounis Haralampos , Efthimiadis Georgios
Published: October 2021

Wild-type TTR amyloidosis (wtATTR) represents a disease difficult to diagnose with poor prognosis. Increased clinical suspicion is key, allowing for timely diagnosis. Until recently, only off-label therapies were available but recent introduction of disease specific therapy has shown potential to alter the natural history of the disease. Tafamidis, the only currently approved drug for the therapy of wtATTR, provided significantly better survival and quality of life. However, not all subgroups of patients derived equal benefit. This, along with the increased cost of treatment raised question on whether treatment should be invariably administered through the wtATTR population. This review aims to summarize current evidence on the natural history and staging systems for wtATTR, as well as available treatment options. Special consideration is given to the selection process of patients who would be expected to gain maximum benefit from tafamidis treatment, based on an ethical and cost-effective point of view.
Contribution of APOA5, APOC3, CETP, ABCA1 and SIK3 genetic variants to hypertriglyceridemia development in Mexican HIV-patients receiving antiretroviral therapy
Authors: Bautista-Martínez Jonathan Saúl , Mata-Marín José Antonio , Sandoval-Ramírez Jorge Luis , Chaparro-Sánchez Alberto , Manjarrez-Téllez Bulmaro , Uribe-Noguez Luis Antonio , Gaytán-Martínez Jesús , Núñez-Armendáriz Mireya , Cruz-Sánchez Arcenio , Núñez-Rodríguez Nohemí , Iván Martínez-Abarca , Morales-González Georgina Selene , Álvarez-Mendoza Juan Pablo , Pérez-Barragán Edgar , Ríos-De los Ríos Jussara , Contreras-Chávez Gerson Gabriel , Tapia-Magallanes Denisse Marielle , Ribas-Aparicio Rosa Maria , Díaz-López Mónica , Olivares-Labastida Azucena , Gómez-Delgado Alejandro , Torres Javier , Miranda-Duarte Antonio , Zenteno Juan C , Pompa-Mera Ericka Nelly
Published: October 2021

Objective

To investigate the impact of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) from APOA5, APOC3, CETP, ATP binding cassette transporter A1 and SIK3 genes in the development of hypertriglyceridemia in HIV patients under antiretroviral therapy.

Material and Methods

A case-control study was developed. Leukocytic genomic DNA was extracted and genotyping for SNPs rs662799, rs964184, rs5128, rs2854116, rs2854117, rs3764261, rs4149310, rs4149267 and rs139961185 was performed by real time-PCR using TaqMan allelic discrimination assays, in Mexican mestizo patients with HIV infection, with hypertriglyceridemia (>1.7 mmol/L) under antiretroviral therapy. Genetic variants were also investigated in a control group of normolipidemic HIV patients (≤ 1.7 mmol/L). Haplotypes and gene interactions were analyzed.

Results

A total of 602 HIV patients were genotyped (316 cases and 286 controls). Age and antiretroviral regimen based on protease inhibitors were associated with hypertriglyceridemia (P = 0.0001 and P = 0.0002. respectively). SNP rs964184 GG genotype in APOA5 gene exhibited the highest association with hypertriglyceridemia risk (OR, 3.2, 95% CI, 1.7–5.8, P = 0.0001); followed by SNP rs139961185 in SIK3 gene (OR = 2.3; (95% CI, 1.1–4.8; P = 0.03 for AA vs. AG genotype; and APOC3 rs5128 GG genotype, (OR, 2.2; 95% CI, 1.1–4.9; P = 0.04) under codominant models. These associations were maintained in the adjusted analysis by age and protease inhibitors based antiretroviral regimens.

Conclusions

This study reveals an association between rs964184 in APOA5; rs5128 in APOC3 and rs139961185 in SIK3 and high triglyceride concentrations in Mexican HIV-patients receiving protease inhibitors. These genetic factors may influence the adverse effects related to antiretroviral therapy.
A Health Literate Patient-focused Approach to the Redesign of the Raltegravir (ISENTRESS) Pediatric Kit and Instructions for Use
Authors: Mills Alexander , Myers Laurie , Raudenbush Casey , Vossen David A. , Teppler Hedy , Miteva Yanna R. , Seeley Suzanne , Homony Brenda , Straus Walter L.
Published: October 2021

Background:

Limited data exist regarding how medications for pediatric use can be developed to minimize medication errors. The integrase inhibitor raltegravir was developed for use in neonates (≥2 kg). Anticipating that neonatal administration would be performed primarily by mothers with varying degrees of health literacy, a health literate, patient-focused, iterative process was conducted to update/redesign the raltegravir granules for oral suspension pediatric kit and instructions for use (IFU) for neonatal use to be ready for regulatory submission.

Methods:

Prototypes of an updated/redesigned raltegravir IFU were systematically assessed through multi-stage, iterative testing and evaluation involving untrained lay individuals with varying levels of health literacy, healthcare professionals and health literacy experts.

Results:

This iterative process resulted in numerous refinements to the IFU and kit, including wording, layout, presentation, colored syringes and additional instructional steps. The revised raltegravir pediatric kit and IFU (to include neonatal dosing) were approved by the US Food and Drug Administration in 2017 and the European Union in 2018. No reported medication errors related to IFU utilization had been reported as of March 2021, reflecting >3 years of commercial use worldwide.

Conclusions:

This patient-focused process produced health literate instructions for preparing and administering an antiretroviral for neonatal use with complex dosing requirements. Testing demonstrated that lay users with a range of health literacy levels were able to accurately mix, measure and administer the product. This process demonstrates how a neonatal medication can be optimized for use through collaboration between the infectious disease expert community and a manufacturer.
American Medical Society for Sports Medicine Position Statement on the Care of the Athlete and Athletic Person With Diabetes
Authors: Trojian Thomas , Colberg Sheri , Harris George , Oh Robert , Dixit Sameer , Gibson Margaret , Corcoran Matthew , Ramey Lindsay , Berg Philip V.
Published: October 2021

The American Medical Society for Sports Medicine (AMSSM) developed this position statement to assist physicians and other health professionals in managing athletes and active people with diabetes. The AMSSM selected the author panel through an application process to identify members with clinical and academic expertise in the care of active patients with diabetes. This article reviews the current knowledge and gaps regarding the benefits and risks of various types of exercise and management issues for athletes and physically active people with diabetes, including nutrition and rehabilitation issues. Resistance exercises seem to be beneficial for patients with type 1 diabetes, and the new medications for patients with type 2 diabetes generally do not need adjustment with exercise. In preparing this statement, the authors conducted an evidence review and received open comment from the AMSSM Board of Directors before finalizing the recommendations.
Noninvasive respiratory support for acute respiratory failure due to COVID-19
Authors: Menga Luca S. , Berardi Cecilia , Ruggiero Ersilia , Grieco Domenico Luca , Antonelli Massimo
Published: October 2021

Purpose of review

Noninvasive respiratory support has been widely applied during the COVID-19 pandemic. We provide a narrative review on the benefits and possible harms of noninvasive respiratory support for COVID-19 respiratory failure.

Recent findings

Maintenance of spontaneous breathing by means of noninvasive respiratory support in hypoxemic patients with vigorous spontaneous effort carries the risk of patient self-induced lung injury: the benefit of averting intubation in successful patients should be balanced with the harms of a worse outcome in patients who are intubated after failing a trial of noninvasive support.

The risk of noninvasive treatment failure is greater in patients with the most severe oxygenation impairment (PaO2/FiO2 < 200 mmHg).

High-flow nasal oxygen (HFNO) is the most widely applied intervention in COVID-19 patients with hypoxemic respiratory failure. Also, noninvasive ventilation (NIV) and continuous positive airway pressure delivered with different interfaces have been used with variable success rates. A single randomized trial showed lower need for intubation in patients receiving helmet NIV with specific settings, compared to HFNO alone.

Prone positioning is recommended for moderate-to-severe acute respiratory distress syndrome patients on invasive ventilation. Awake prone position has been frequently applied in COVID-19 patients: one randomized trial showed improved oxygenation and lower intubation rate in patients receiving 6-h sessions of awake prone positioning, as compared to conventional management.

Noninvasive respiratory support and awake prone position are tools possibly capable of averting endotracheal intubation in COVID-19 patients; carefully monitoring during any treatment is warranted to avoid delays in endotracheal intubation, especially in patients with PaO2/FiO2 < 200 mmHg.
Predictors and Outcomes of Fully Covered Stent Treatment for Anastomotic Esophageal Strictures in Esophageal Atresia
Authors: Baghdadi Osama , Yasuda Jessica , Staffa Steven , Ngo Peter , Zendejas Benjamin , Hamilton Thomas , Jennings Russell , Manfredi Michael
Published: October 2021

Background and Aims:

Anastomotic strictures following surgical repair is one of the most common complications in esophageal atresia (EA). The utility of esophageal stenting to treat anastomotic esophageal strictures in pediatrics is unclear. Our primary aim was to evaluate whether esophageal stenting, in conjunction with dilation and other endoscopic therapies, prevented surgical stricture resection (SR). Our secondary aims were to evaluate predictors of successful esophageal stenting and evaluate adverse events from stent placement.

Methods:

A retrospective review of pediatric patients with EA complicated by esophageal strictures was performed. The change in stricture diameter in millimeters from the time of stent removal to subsequent endoscopy was defined as delta diameter (ΔD). A receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was performed to determine the discriminatory ability of ΔD. Youden J index was used to identify optimal cutoff‐point in predicting stent success. A univariate and multivariate analysis were done to assess predictors of success.

Result:

Forty‐nine esophageal anastomoses were stented to treat esophageal strictures. Stents prevented SR in 41% of patients. ROC curve analysis utilizing Youden J index identified ΔD of ⩽4 mm (area under the curve = 0.790; 95% confidence interval: 0.655–0.924; P < 0.001) as the optimal cutoff point in differentiating stent success. The most common adverse events were erosions/ulcerations, granulation tissue formation, and vomiting/retching.

Conclusion:

Stent therapy in preventing SR at the site of EA repair was successful in 41% in our population with good long term follow‐up. The most significant predictor of success in this study was the change in luminal diameter (⩽4 mm) at initial poststent follow‐up.
High Burden of Adverse Drug Reactions to Isoniazid Preventive Therapy in People Living With HIV at 3 Tertiary Hospitals in Uganda: Associated Factors
Authors: Nanyonga Stella Maris , Kitutu Freddy Eric , Kalyango Joan , Frank Mulindwa , Kiguba Ronald
Published: October 2021

Background:

HIV is one of the most important risk factors of tuberculosis (TB)-related morbidity and mortality. Isoniazid preventive therapy (IPT) is recommended to prevent latent TB reactivation in patients with HIV. However, due to multiple therapies and comorbidities, these patients are predisposed to adverse drug reactions (ADRs) that lead to increased morbidity and mortality. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and associated factors of suspected IPT-linked ADRs in HIV-positive patients using IPT.

Methods:

A cross-sectional study was conducted between February and March 2020 at 3 regional referral hospitals (RRHs) in central Uganda. We sampled 660 HIV-positive patients aged 10 years or older who received IPT between July and December 2019 inclusive. Patients were interviewed using a pretested structured questionnaire, and their treatment records were reviewed. A modified Poisson regression model with clustered robust standard errors was used to identify factors associated with suspected IPT-linked ADRs.

Results:

The prevalence of the suspected ADRs was 51% (334 of the 660; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 18% to 83%). Patients self-reported 7-fold the number of suspected ADRs documented in the clinical files by the health care workers. Musculoskeletal symptoms were the most frequently experienced reaction (14%), followed by dizziness (13%) and peripheral neuropathy (11%). Serious suspected ADRs were experienced by 12% of the study participants; the most common were hepatotoxicity (26%), dizziness (23%), and neuropathy (17%). Female sex (aPR [adjusted prevalence ratio]: 0.92, 95% CI: =  0.88 to 0.95), study site (aPR: 1.09, 95% CI: =  1.09 to 1.18), level of education (aPR: 0.94, 95% CI: = 0.94 to 0.99), history of TB (aPR: 0.93, 95% CI: =  0.87 to 0.99), good IPT adherence (aPR: 1.16, 95% CI: =  1.05 to 1.29), and use of protease inhibitor (PI)-based antiretroviral therapy (aPR: 1.01, 95% CI: = 1.00 to 1.02) were significantly associated with suspected IPT-linked ADRs.

Conclusion:

The prevalence of suspected IPT-linked ADRs is high, and hepatotoxicity is the most commonly reported serious suspected ADR. Patients self-reported more suspected ADRs than those documented in clinical files by health care workers. Patient engagement could improve ADR detection and potentially strengthen the pharmacovigilance system. Patients with a high risk of ADR ought to be monitored regularly to enable early detection and management.
Human herpesvirus 8 and Kaposi sarcoma: how should we screen and manage the transplant recipient?
Authors: Mikulska Malgorzata , Balletto Elisa , Mularoni Alessandra
Published: October 2021

Purpose of review

HHV-8-associated diseases are rare but potentially fatal in transplant recipients. Important differences exist in the distribution of HHV-8 seroprevalence, which might contribute to the lack of uniform approach to HHV-8. The aim of this review was to discuss recent updates in screening and management of HHV-8 after transplant.

Recent findings

Increasing attention has been given to the nonmalignant but potentially fatal inflammatory syndrome caused by HHV-8 in solid organ transplant (SOT) recipients. At-risk groups include HHV-8-IgG D+/R- transplant and HHV-8-positive recipients. Severe cases of donor-derived HHV-8 disease, mainly Kaposi sarcoma, frequently without skin involvement and some diagnosed at autopsy, highlight the need to increase clinicians’ awareness, to implement effective preemptive strategies and to perform rapid diagnosis. In HSCT setting, HHV-8-associated disorders are very rare.

Identification of SOT recipients at risk through reliable serology is warranted and the utility of preemptive management and HHV-8-DNA monitoring should be studied. Clinicians should be aware of severe nonmalignant disorders and of early post-SOT Kaposi sarcoma cases with lymph node or transplanted organ involvement in order to provide prompt diagnosis and treatment. No screening for HHV-8 is warranted after HSCT but rapid diagnosis and reduction of immunosuppression remain fundamental.
Are Symptoms of Spasticity, Pain, and Fatigue Related in People With Stroke?
Authors: Bhimani Rozina , Horowitz Charles , Mathiason Michelle A. , Anderson Lisa Carney
Published: October 2021

Purpose

The purpose of this study was to determine whether symptoms of spasticity, pain, and fatigue are correlated in people with stroke.

Design

A longitudinal-correlation, mixed-method design was used.

Methods

Spasticity, pain, and fatigue symptoms were explored in 22 patients with stroke admitted to three different rehabilitation units certified by the Commission on Accreditation of Rehabilitation Facilities. Data were obtained upon admission, postdischarge, and 1 month after discharge. Demographics, numeric ratings, and a semistructured interview were used to determine associations over time.

Results

Symptoms of spasticity, pain, and fatigue were quite variable. Fatigue was more likely to impair recovery. Spasticity appears to contain pain experiences. Pain does not appear to be a major factor over time.

Conclusions

In this sample of patients with stroke, symptoms of spasticity, pain, and fatigue were correlated.

Clinical Relevance

In managing poststroke spasticity, pain, and fatigue, nurses should recognize that these symptoms are correlated.
Updated Competency Model for Professional Rehabilitation Nursing: Practice Applications
Authors: Vaughn Stephanie , Rye Jill , Allen Angela , Bok Amy , Mauk Kris , Park Linda , Pierce Linda , Holler Wendy Wintersgill
Published: October 2021

Background

The Competency Model for Professional Rehabilitation Nursing is a lens through which nurses can view their practice; the four domains provide a template that guides that practice.

Purpose

The aim of this study was to describe a task force’s review procedures and share the updated model.

Appraisal Process

A rehabilitation nursing task force appraised the model over the course of 1 year.

Revision Outcomes

The original four domains remain, with wording changes for content and clarity throughout. Notable changes include (1) new competency for Domain 1 that focuses on the understanding of the worldview of individuals who are culturally different and (2) case stories for each domain related to nurses’ proficiency (beginner, intermediate, and expert).

Clinical Relevance

This updated model can be used to explicate the rehabilitation nurses’ role on intra/interprofessional teams, as well as provide a framework for education and staff orientation/performance evaluation.

Conclusion

This competency model reflects the current practice and advances of the specialty practice of rehabilitation nursing.
Personality, Success, and Beyond: The Layperson's Perception of Patients With Facial Transplantation
Authors: Abousy Mya , Jenny Hillary E. , Xun Helen , Khavanin Nima , Creighton Francis , Byrne Patrick , Cooney Damon , Redett Richard , Yang Robin
Published: October 2021

Background:

While the goal of facial vascularized composite allotransplantation (FVCA) is to provide patients with improved physical and social function, no study has evaluated layperson perception of social acceptance and perceived career success of patients with FVCA. The purpose of this study was to determine how FVCA changes social acceptance and perceived career success of patients with facial disfiguration.

Methods:

Eight hundred fifteen laypersons were surveyed through Mechanical Turk to evaluate their perceptions of patients with FVCA. Respondents were shown facial photographs of patients pre-FVCA, post-FVCA, and matched controls and evaluated these photos on 26 items of perceived social acceptance and career success. Responses were analyzed using descriptive statistics and the Wilcoxon signed-rank test.

Results:

Both male and female post-FVCA photos were perceived as significantly more socially accepted and professionally successful than their pre-FVCA photos in at least 21 out of 26 items (P < 0.001 for all), but the posttransplant patients scored lower than their control in at least 25 out of 26 items (P < 0.001 for all). Additionally, there were discrepancies in findings based on patient gender.

Conclusions:

This study suggests that while FVCA has a significantly positive impact on social acceptance and perceived professional success, it does not fully reinstate these qualities. Furthermore, varying surgical outcomes and/or cognitive biases (such as gender) may impact perceptions of the individual by the public. Our findings suggest a need to standardize practices to better predict and improve outcomes and encourage surgeons to consider patient factors such as gender when planning these procedures.
Does the Geographical Distribution of Facial Trauma Surgeons Correspond to Facial Trauma Burden? A Nationwide Population-Level Analysis
Authors: Rios-Diaz Arturo J. , Kosyk Mychajlo S. , Cunning Jessica R. , Broach Robyn B. , Naga Hani I. , Whitely Cutler , Serletti Joseph M. , Swanson Jordan W.
Published: October 2021

It is unknown if craniofacial trauma services are inequitably distributed throughout the US. The authors aimed to describe the geographical distribution of craniofacial trauma, surgeons, and training positions nationwide. State-level data were obtained on craniofacial trauma admissions, surgeons, training positions, population, and income for 2016 to 2017. Normalized densities (per million population [PMP]) were ascertained. State/ regional-level densities were compared between highest/lowest. Risk-adjusted generalized linear models were used to determine independent associations. There were 790,415 craniofacial trauma admissions (x? = 2330.6 PMP), 28,004 surgeons (x? = 83.5 PMP), and 746 training positions (x? = 1.9 PMP) nationwide. There was significant state-level variation in the density PMP of trauma (median 1999.5 versus 2983.5, P 
< 0.01), surgeon (70.8 versus 98.8, P < 0.01), training positions (0 versus 3.4, P < 0.01) between lowest/highest quartiles. Surgeon distribution was positively associated with income and training positions density (P < 0.01). Subanalysis revealed that there was an increase of 6.7 plastic and reconstructive surgeons/PMP for every increase of 1000 trauma admissions/PMP (P < 0.01). There is an uneven state-level distribution of facial trauma surgeons across the US associated with income. Plastic surgeon distribution corresponded closer to craniofacial trauma care need than that of ENT and OMF surgeons. Further work to close the gap between workforce availability and clinical need is necessary.
Unilateral Facial Asymmetry in a 40 BCE Roman Carved Head
Authors: Nerlich Andreas G. , Appenzeller Otto , Perciaccante Antonio , Galassi Francesco Maria , Varotto Elena , Bianucci Raffaella
Published: October 2021

We describe the peculiar facial morphology of a carved head dating to the end of the Roman Republican period (40 BCE) which displays evident unilateral asymmetry. A comprehensive discussion of the different etiologies is provided and a contextualization of this condition in the broader frame of Roman artistic verism is offered. This case study contributes to the knowledge of disease presentation in the ancient world, with a special focus on the anatomy of soft tissue pathology.
Evaluating Sensory Nerve Outcomes After Horizontal Osteotomy for Mandibular Distraction in Infant Robin Sequence Patients
Authors: Do Nicholas T. , Denny Arlen D. , Klement Kristen A.
Published: October 2021

There has yet to be a consensus on the appropriate technique for mandibular distraction in the infant Pierre Robin population nor is their sufficient data on sensory nerve outcomes. The purpose of this study is to validate the safety of the horizontal osteotomy by: (1) determining mandibular foramen location in infant Pierre Robin patients relative to the dentoalveolar plane and (2) evaluate long-term function of the inferior alveolar nerve in previously distracted Pierre Robin patients. Preoperative 3D Computed tomography (CT) scans of Pierre Robin patients < 1 year old were reviewed. A line at the level of the mandibular dentoalveolar plane was drawn across the lingual surface of the ramus and the distance to the mandibular foramen was then measured. Semmes-Weinstein monofilaments of the lower lip and chin bilaterally was performed on mandibular distraction patients in clinic. Inclusion criteria was patients >6 years of age having undergone bilateral mandibular distraction at <1 year of age. Fifteen patients’ CT studies were examined. The mandibular foramen was consistently below the level of the dentoalveolar plane at an average distance of 4.7 mm. Eight patients were included in the prospective arm. Average age was 12.2. All patients had normal sensation at 2.83 through all areas. The mandibular foramen reliably exists below the dentoalveolar plane. In addition, all patients reviewed postoperatively with >10 years of follow up demonstrated normative sensation. The horizontal corticotomy performed just above the mandibular dentoalveolar plane spares the inferior alveolar nerve in young Pierre Robin patients undergoing distraction.
The Effect of a Didactic Course on Gastroenterology Nurses' Knowledge and Interest in Anorectal Manometry
Authors: Cohen Daniel L. , Richter Vered , Malikov Irena , Bermont Anton , Shirin Haim
Published: October 2021

Anorectal manometry may be performed by a nurse or physician, yet little has been written about what training is needed. Additionally, many gastroenterology nurses receive little exposure to motility studies such as anorectal manometry, limiting their ability to learn these procedures. We therefore sought to evaluate whether a short didactic course on anorectal manometry would increase nurses' knowledge about the procedure and stimulate their interest in becoming trained to perform it. To accomplish this, gastroenterology nurses attended a series of three lectures on anorectal manometry. A 15-question quiz was given as a pre-test and again as a post-test after completing the course. Thirteen nurses participated (11 female, mean age 46). None had experience performing anorectal manometry. Due to the course, test scores increased from a mean of 8.4 (55.9%) correct to 13.3 (88.7%) (p < .001), with improvements noted in 12 of 13 participants (92.3%). All of the nurses felt that the course increased their knowledge of anorectal manometry and reported that they would recommend it to other nurses. Most (61.5%) also expressed an interest in becoming trained to perform anorectal manometry. In conclusion, a short didactic course has been shown to increase nurses' knowledge and interest in performing anorectal manometry.
JMM Profile: Bordetella pertussis and whooping cough (pertussis): still a significant cause of infant morbidity and mortality, but vaccine-preventable
Authors: Fry Norman K. , Campbell Helen , Amirthalingam Gayatri
Published: October 2021

Whooping cough (pertussis) is a highly contagious respiratory bacterial infection caused by

Bordetella pertussis

and is an important cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, particularly in infants.

Bordetella parapertussis

can cause a similar, but usually less severe pertussis-like disease.

Bordetella pertussis

has a number of virulence factors including adhesins and toxins which allow the organism to bind to ciliated epithelial cells in the upper respiratory tract and interfere with host clearance mechanisms. Typical symptoms of pertussis include paroxysmal cough with characteristic whoop and vomiting. Severe complications and deaths occur mostly in infants. Laboratory confirmation can be performed by isolation, detection of genomic DNA or specific antibodies. Childhood vaccination is safe, effective and remains the best control method available. Many countries have replaced whole-cell pertussis vaccines (wP) with acellular pertussis vaccines (aP). Waning protection following immunisation with aP is considered to be more rapid than that from wP. Deployed by resource-rich countries to date, maternal immunisation programmes have also demonstrated high efficacy in preventing hospitalisation and death in infants by passive immunisation through transplacental transfer of maternal antibodies.
A New Approach for Timely Systematic Reviews of Rapidly Evolving Research: Identifying Evidence in Which We Can Place Our Confidence
Authors: Tong Jiayi , Hubbard Rebecca A. , Saine M. Elle , Xu Hua , Zuo Xu , Kimmel Stephen E. , Cuker Adam , Chen Yong
Published: October 2021

Coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19) has impacted the world in unprecedented ways since first emerging in December 2019. In the last two years, the scientific community has made an enormous effort to understand COVID-19 and potential interventions. As of June 15, 2021, there were more than 140,000 COVID-19 focused manuscripts on PubMed and preprint servers, such as medRxiv and BioRxiv. Preprints, which constitute more than 15% of all manuscripts, may contain more up-to-date research findings compared to published papers, due to the sometimes lengthy timeline between manuscript submission and publication. Including preprints in systematic reviews and meta-analyses thus has the potential to improve the timeliness of reviews. However, there is no clear guideline on whether preprints should be included in systematic reviews and meta-analyses.

Using a prototypical example of a rapid systematic review examining the comparative effectiveness of COVID-19 therapeutics, we propose including all preprints in the systematic review by assigning them a weight we term the “confidence score”. Motivated by our observation that, unlike the traditional journal submission process which is unobserved, the timeline from submission to publication for a preprint can be observed and can be modeled as a time-to-event outcome. This observation provides a unique opportunity to model and quantify the probability that a preprint will be published, which can be used as a confidence score to weight preprints in systematic reviews and meta-analyses.

To obtain the confidence score, we propose a novel survival cure model, which incorporates both the time from posting to publication for a preprint, and key characteristics of the study described in the content of the preprint. Using meta data from 158 preprints on evaluating therapeutic options for COVID-19 posted through 09/03/2020, we demonstrate the utility of the confidence score in weighting of preprints in a systematic review. Our proposed method has the potential to advance timely systematic reviews of the evidence examining COVID-19 and other clinical conditions with rapidly evolving evidence bases by providing an approach for inclusion of unpublished manuscripts.
A comprehensive framework to estimate the frequency, duration and risk factors for diagnostic delays using simulation-based methods
Authors: Miller Aaron C , Cavanaugh Joseph E , Arakkal Alan T , Koeneman Scott H , Polgreen Philip M
Published: October 2021

The incidence of diagnostic delays is unknown for many diseases and particular healthcare settings. Many existing methods to identify diagnostic delays are resource intensive or inapplicable to various diseases or settings. In this paper we propose a comprehensive framework to estimate the frequency of missed diagnostic opportunities for a given disease using real-world longitudinal data sources. We start by providing a conceptual model of the disease-diagnostic, data-generating process. We then propose a simulation-based method to estimate measures of the frequency of missed diagnostic opportunities and duration of delays. This approach is specifically designed to identify missed diagnostic opportunities based on signs and symptoms that occur prior to an initial diagnosis, while accounting for expected patterns of healthcare that may appear as coincidental symptoms. Three different simulation algorithms are described for implementing this approach. We summarize estimation procedures that may be used to parameterize the simulation. Finally, we apply our approach to the diseases of tuberculosis, acute myocardial infarction, and stroke and evaluate the estimated frequency and duration of diagnostic delays for these diseases. Our approach can be customized to fit a range of disease and we summarize how the choice of simulation algorithm may impact the resulting estimates.
Computational correction of cell-specific gene-independent effects in CRISPR-Cas9 essentiality screens: REStricted CUbic SplinEs with Mixed Models (RESCUE-MM)
Authors: Dias Julie A. , Deng Shibing , Bonato Vinicius
Published: October 2021

Increased gene copy number has been associated with a greater antiproliferative response upon genome editing, regardless of the true essentiality profile of the targeted gene. Many methods have been developed to adjust for genomic copy number technical artifacts. Existing methods use a two-step correction by pre-processing the data prior to the final analysis. It has been shown that two-step corrections can produce unreliable results, due to the creation of a correlation structure in the corrected data. If this structure is unaccounted for, gene-essentiality levels can be inflated or underestimated, affecting the False Discovery Rate (FDR). We propose a one-step correction using restricted cubic splines (RCS) to be a simpler alternative which reduces the bias in downstream analyses. Moreover, most existing methods combine guide-level results to yield gene-level estimates which can misrepresent the true gene essentiality profile depending on the guide-averaging method. Our model-based approach (RESCUE-MM) for copy number correction provides a more flexible framework that allows for guide-level essentiality estimation while accommodating more complex designs with grouped data. We provide comparisons to existing copy number correction methods and suggest how to include copy number adjustment in a one-step correction fashion in multiple experimental designs.
ICA treatment diabets induced bone loss via primary cilia/Gli2/Osteocalcin signaling pathway
Authors: Liu Jie , Wu Xiangmei , Deng Xiaoyan , zhu Huifang , Wang Tingting , Wang Maorong , Yang Shengyong , Xu Jie , Chen Qian , Li Mengxue , Liu Xianjun , Wang Changdong
Published: October 2021

Diabetes mellitus, as a metabolic system disorder disease, aggravates the disease burden of patients and affects the quality of human life. Diabetes-associated bone complications lead to decreased bone mechanical strength and osteoporosis. Evidences show that chronic hyperglycemia and metabolic intermediates, such as inflammatory factor, reactive oxygen species (ROS) and advanced glycation end products (AGEs), are regarded as dominant hazardous factors of primary cilia/Gli2 signal disorders. Case studies have demonstrated abnormal bone metabolism in diabetics, however, how diabetes damages primary cilia/Gli2 signal is largely unknown. Therefore, we studied the effects of diabetes on femoral primary cilia by establishing a Streptozocin (STZ)-induced diabetic (Sprague Dawley) SD rat model and diabetic bone loss cell model in vitro. Our results confirmed that diabetes impaired femur primary cilia, osteoblast differentiation and mineralization by inhibiting primary cilia/Gli2 signaling pathway, additionally, Icariin(ICA) treatment could rescue the impairment of osteoblast differentiation caused by high glucose medium in vitro. ICA activated primary cilia/Gli2/osteocalcin signaling pathway of osteoblasts by protecting primary cilia from glucotoxicity imposed by diabetes, intact primary cilia could be as anchoring sites, in which Gli2 was processed and modified, and matured Gli2 entered the nucleus to initiate downstream osteocalcin gene transcription. Additionally, ICA inhibited ROS production of mitochondria, thus balanced mitochondrial energy metabolism and oxidative phosphorylation. All results suggest that ICA can protect the primary cilia and mitochondria of osteoblast by reducing intracellular ROS, thereby recover primary cilia/Gli2 signaling pathway to facilitate osteoblast differentiation and mineralization, suggesting that ICA has potential as a novel type of drug treating bone loss induced by diabetes.
Structural basis for SdgB- and SdgA-mediated glycosylation of staphylococcal adhesive proteins
Authors: Kim Dong-Gyun , Baek Inwha , Lee Yeon , Kim Hyerry , Kim Jin Young , Bang Geul , Kim Sunghwan , Yoon Hye Jin , Han Byung Woo , Suh Se Won , Kim Hyoun Sook
Published: October 2021

The initiation of infection of host tissues by Staphylococcus aureus requires a family of staphylococcal adhesive proteins containing serine–aspartate repeat (SDR) domains, such as ClfA. The O-linked glycosylation of the long-chain SDR domain mediated by SdgB and SdgA is a key virulence factor that protects the adhesive SDR proteins against host proteolytic attack in order to promote successful tissue colonization, and has also been implicated in staphylococcal agglutination, which leads to sepsis and an immunodominant epitope for a strong antibody response. Despite the biological significance of these two glycosyltransferases involved in pathogenicity and avoidance of the host innate immune response, their structures and the molecular basis of their activity have not been investigated. This study reports the crystal structures of SdgB and SdgA from S. aureus as well as multiple structures of SdgB in complex with its substrates (for example UDP, N-acetylglucosamine or SDR peptides), products (glycosylated SDR peptides) or phosphate ions. Together with biophysical and biochemical analyses, this structural work uncovered the novel mechanism by which SdgB and SdgA carry out the glycosyl-transfer process to the long SDR region in SDR proteins. SdgB undergoes dynamic changes in its structure such as a transition from an open to a closed conformation upon ligand binding and takes diverse forms, both as a homodimer and as a heterodimer with SdgA. Overall, these findings not only elucidate the putative role of the three domains of SdgB in recognizing donor and acceptor substrates, but also provide new mechanistic insights into glycosylation of the SDR domain, which can serve as a starting point for the development of antibacterial drugs against staphylococcal infections.
Modeling returns of sukuk and related indices with system GMM: evidence from the MENA region
Authors: Seth Neha , Singhania Monica , Siddiqui Saif
Published: October 2021

Purpose

The paper aims to resolve the ongoing issue of asset pricing in indexed based investments, primarily in Sukuks. It is to be done by modeling the returns of S&P MENA (Middle East and North Africa) Sukuk index (SPS), S&P MENA bonds indices (SPM) and Dow Jones MENA (DJM) equity index using system equations and to find out cointegration among them.

Design/methodology/approach

In this study, daily data of stated regional market indices, from the month July 2013 to June 2017, are analyzed using the cointegration model and Generalized Method of Moments (GMM) estimation.

Findings

Findings revealed through cointegration test that indices are found to be not integrated in the long run; however, in short run, DJM is having one way relation with other two indices, and SPM and SPS are having unidirectional relation. The results of the GMM model show that SPS is significant in influencing SPM and vice-versa, and rest other variables are insignificant in influencing each other systems equations.

Originality/value

There is ample work available on various Islamic indices, but there is no study found on the MENA (Middle East and North Africa) Equity, MENA Bond and MENA Sukuk indices together.
Antecedents and consequences of compulsive buying behaviour: the moderating effect of financial management
Authors: Owusu Godfred Matthew Yaw , Amoah Bekoe Rita , Arthur Miriam , Koomson Theodora Aba Abekah
Published: October 2021

Purpose

This paper investigates the determinants of compulsive buying behaviour (CBB) and ascertains the effect of CBB on the propensity of an individual to be dependent on loans and fall into financial trouble. The study additionally examines the moderating effect of financial management on the hypothesized relationships.

Design/methodology/approach

The survey method of research was adopted using questionnaires as the principal means of data collection. The predicted relationships of the study were tested using the partial least square structural equation modelling technique.

Findings

The authors’ results suggest materialism, socioeconomic status and financial management skills of an individual are significant predictors of CBB. The authors also find CBB to be positively associated with loan dependence and the authors’ analysis suggests financial management skills moderate the hypothesized relationships.

Social implications

Findings of this study suggest buying compulsively increases the risks of over-dependence on loans and can be indirectly associated with the risk of individuals falling into financial trouble.

Originality/value

The findings highlight the adverse effects of CBB on loan dependence and financial trouble and the moderating effect of financial management on the dominant factors that influence CBB.
Stakeholder engagement in sustainability reporting by Fortune Global 500 companies: a call for embeddedness
Authors: Ardiana Putu Agus
Published: October 2021

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to ascertain whether Fortune Global 500 companies embed stakeholder engagement in their sustainability reporting.

Design/methodology/approach

Quantitative and qualitative content analyses were undertaken on 646 sustainability reports written in English over the period from 2015 to 2017.

Findings

This research found a low level of stakeholder engagement disclosures and scant evidence that sustainability disclosures were drawn upon stakeholder engagement practices. The findings indicate that stakeholder engagement was loosely embedded in sustainability reporting.

Research limitations/implications

Sustainability reports are the sole unit of analysis. Besides, this research is limited to a sample of companies and to a specific period, which limits the generalisation of the research findings.

Practical implications

Embedding stakeholder engagement in sustainability reporting holds companies accountable to their stakeholders. This is because the companies’ sustainability disclosures acknowledge the stakeholders’ concerns and information about the stakeholder engagement methods deployed to address those concerns.

Social implications

Stakeholder engagement promotes accountability by encouraging stakeholders to convey their opinions about corporate sustainability, participate in decision-making processes that impact them, and partake in defining the contents of sustainability reports.

Originality/value

This paper provides insights into the need to link sustainability disclosures with stakeholder engagement disclosures, by articulating who the relevant stakeholders are and how they are engaged on the various sustainability topics – rather than conceiving them to be separate and independent disclosures in a sustainability report.
Effect of processing method on quality characteristics of harit soybean (glycine max): in vitro protein digestibility, hplc, ftir analysis
Authors: Kathuria Deepika , Dhiman Anju K. , Attri Surekha , Kumar Manish
Published: October 2021

Purpose

Soybean is potentially a rich source of protein and lipids along with isoflavone. However, the use of soybean is limited due to presence of anti-nutritional factors such as trypsin inhibitor, phytic acid, etc. The present study aimed at evaluation of Harit soya seeds of different treatments such as soaking, dehulling, germination, soaking+roasting and roasting in order to enhance its quality.

Design/methodology/approach

Harit soya seeds were utilized were soaked overnight and subjected for dehulling, germination for 3 days as well as roasting followed by drying to obtain fine powder for quality evaluation.

Findings

Dehulling and germination produce significant (p < 0.01) increase in protein, crude fiber, total chlorophyll, ascorbic acid, total phenolics, flavonoids and isoflavones while fat was decreased non-significantly. The highest value of 12.4 mg/100g, 5.3 mgGAE/g and 6.6 mg/g for ascorbic acid, total phenolics and isoflavones was found in germinated seeds. Also, the effect of soaking, roasting and their combination lead to significant decrease in the functional properties of the seeds. Anti-nutritional factors were significantly (p < 0.01) reduced in all forms of treated seeds while pepsin and trysin digestibility was enhanced during soaking, dehulling and germination with maximum value of 72.6 and 25.8%, respectively in germinated seeds.

Originality/value

Improvement in quality of evergreen variety of soybean using cost effective traditional methods