bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Endoscopic‐pathological characteristics of early‐onset gastric carcinoma in Vietnamese in the period 2014–2019: A single‐center experience
Authors: Tran Lan Thi‐Ngoc , Quach Duc Trong , Tran Truc Le‐Thanh , Tran Vy Ly‐Thao , Le Huy Minh , Le Nhan Quang , Hiyama Toru
Published: October 2023

To investigate the time‐trend and endoscopic‐pathological characteristics of early‐onset gastric carcinoma (EOGC) in Vietnamese patients. All patients who underwent upper gastrointestinal endoscopy at a tertiary hospital during the 2014–2019 period and had pathologically confirmed gastric carcinoma were retrospectively recruited. The demographic data and endoscopic and pathological findings from all patients were recorded and analyzed to compare the EOGC group (i.e., ≤40 years of age) with the older group (>40 years of age). Out of 1668 patients with gastric carcinoma, 151 (9.1%) patients were with EOGC. The time‐trend change in the EOGC rate was insignificant during the investigated period (p = .972). The median age of patients with EOGC was 35 (IQR, 32–38). Compared with the older group, EOGC was more likely to present with a female predominance (52.3% vs. 30.7%, p < .001), endoscopically located at the gastric body (34.4% vs. 19.2%, p < .001), presented with a diffuse infiltrative appearance (18.9% vs. 11.7%, p = .011) but were less likely to have superficial gastric cancer morphology (0.0% vs. 4.5%, p = .009). Pathologically, it was more likely to have diffuse type (36.4% vs. 23.9%, p = .001) and poor differentiation (90.6% vs. 62.7%, p < .001). EOGC in Vietnamese individuals is not rare, and its incidence has not significantly changed during the studying period. The majority of EOGC was poorly differentiated carcinoma. This study reported the different endoscopic distribution and appearance of EOGC from gastric carcinoma in older patients requiring attention during endoscopic examination.
Transition‐Metal‐Free Synthesis of Alkynylphosphine Oxides from Terminal Alkynes and Chlorodiphenylphosphine Oxide
Authors: Chen Jianyang , Yun Hui , Fu Hongmei , He Huamei , Duan Shicheng , Li Mingyang
Published: October 2023

An efficient, LiN(SiMe3)2‐mediated phosphorylation of terminal alkynes with chlorodiphenylphosphine oxide has been developed to synthesize alkynylphosphine oxides. This transition‐metal‐free protocol was featured with simple operation, mild reaction conditions, and broad substrate scope. The tolerance of halogen and ester substituents displayed the advantages of this new method over the traditional ones. In addition, the application potential was demonstrated by the gram‐scale reaction. When using diisopropyl chlorophosphate and chlorodiphenylphosphine, the corresponding alkynylphosphate and alkynylphosphine could also been produced.
Anisotropic strain sensors to realize skin‐comparable performances
Authors: Wang Wentang , Deng Xinyue , Luo Chunhui
Published: October 2023

Conductive hydrogels (CHs) are promising candidates for wearable devices. However, it remains challenging for traditional CHs to realize a combination of self‐adhesive and skin‐comparable performances. Herein, a stretch‐induced orientation strategy was demonstrated to achieve this goal. The hydrogel was fabricated from poly(vinyl alcohol), aluminum sulfate, tannin acid, and deionized water, which exhibited skin‐comparable elastic modulus (26.3 kPa), stretchability (180%), and water content (87.6%). Meanwhile, it had anisotropic properties. For instance, the mechanical and anisotropy ratios between parallel and orthogonal directions were 1.77 and 2.02, respectively. Furthermore, the presence of free ions within regular conductive channels imparted stable conductivity (gauge factor of 2.2 within 200% strains), fast response (0.2 s), and low detect limit (a strain of 0.2%). Additionally, the existence of catechol groups from tannin acid enabled self‐adhesion ability (adhesion strength of 73.9 kPa). All of these merits show promising potential in wearable devices and electronic skins.
New results on finite‐time stability and H∞control for nonlinear Hamiltonian systems
Authors: Chen Yufei , Liu Qihuai , Zhou Xia
Published: October 2023

In this paper, we investigate the finite‐time stability (FTS) and control of nonlinear Hamiltonian systems with time‐varying state delays and output delays subject to input saturation. By introducing a new class of Lyapunov–Krasovskii (L‐K) functionals and the assumption about the Hamiltonian function, we present a delay‐dependent FTS criterion. Then, a finite‐time feedback control is designed for the nonlinear Hamiltonian systems. Finally, the validity of the proposed results is demonstrated by a numerical example.
Fluorinated Carbonate‐aided Ionic‐liquid Electrolyte Enables High‐capacity Lithium‐metal Batteries
Authors: Liu Pengfei , Rao Yuxin , Wang Huasong , Li Xue , Wang Xiaomin , Yu Miaomiao , Li Yong , Yue Zhihao , Wu Fanglin , Fang Shan
Published: October 2023

Ionic liquids (ILs) are promising electrolyte candidates for high‐safety and stability lithium metal batteries. However, their practical application is hindered by high viscosity resulting in a poor wettability of separator and sluggish Li+ transport at room temperature. Herein, a weakly‐solvating solvent of methyl (2,2,2‐trifluoroethyl) carbonate (FEMC) is employed as a co‐solvent in non‐flammable ionic‐liquid electrolyte (ILE) which composed with N‐butyl‐N‐methylpyrrolidinium bis (fluorsulfonyl) imide (Pyr14FSI) and bis (trifluoromethanesulfonyl) sulfonimide lithium salt (LiTFSI), effectively ameliorates the shortcomings of ILs mentioned above without sacrificing its safety character. Compared with pure ILE, the addition of FEMC can distinctly decrease the polarization voltage and electrode‐electrolyte interface resistance. With the assistance of FEMC solvent, the discharge specific capacity of Li||LiFePO4 (LFP) and Li||LiNi0.6Co0.2Mn0.2O2 (NCM622) cells are significantly improved. The origin of this great improvement is contributed to the exceptionally stable and LiF‐rich cathode electrolyte interphase (CEI) layer formed in this electrolyte. Additionally, Li||LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2 (NCM811) cells exhibit a remarkable rate capability (105 mAh g−1 at 2 C rate), achieve an initial specific capacity of 202.8 mAh g−1 and outstanding capacity retention of 88.2 % over 100 cycles.
Schnellbauweise für Brücken mit weitgespannten Fertigteilträgern aus C80/95
Authors: Heinrich Jens , Maurer Reinhard , Reddemann Theo , Schnetgöke Till , Yavuz Tamer
Published: October 2023

Schnelles Bauen mit möglichst geringen Verkehrsbehinderungen in Verbindung mit einer Minimierung staubedingter CO2‐Emissionen stellt heute im Zeichen des nachhaltigen Bauens und Klimaschutzes ein neues Entwurfsziel für Betonbrücken dar. Im nachfolgenden Beitrag wird über das Potenzial des vorgespannten hochfesten Betons C80/95 für Fertigteilträger bei einem Überführungsbauwerk über eine sechsspurige Autobahn ohne die Notwendigkeit einer Zwischenstütze in Kombination mit dem Einsatz von Fertigteilen auch bei den Widerlagern als Pilotprojekt berichtet. Der Beitrag schließt mit dem bemerkenswerten Ergebnis einer Studie, wie viel CO2‐Emissionen durch die Verkürzung der Bauzeit bei derartigen Bauwerken potenziell vermieden werden können.
Carbon Dots from Tire Waste for the Photodegradation of Methyl Orange Dye, Antimicrobial Activity, and Molecular Docking Study
Authors: Mohammad Nian N.
Published: October 2023

In this study, solvothermal pathway was employed for the synthesis of P, N codoped C‐dot using tire waste as a sustainable source of carbon and nitrogen. Comprehensive analyses encompassing X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), FT‐IR, cyclic voltammetry, and UV‐Vis spectra were used to assess the crystalline structure, purity, size, fluorescence up‐conversion, and morphological attributes of the nanomaterial. Subsequently, the produced C‐dots were evaluated for their efficacy in the photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue and methyl orange dyes, demonstrating notable success in degrading methyl orange dye within eight hours in the visible region. Furthermore, the same nanomaterial was applied for carrying out agar disk‐diffusion assays against a spectrum of microorganisms. Results revealed substantial inhibition zones against Methicillin‐Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), Escherichia coli, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Elucidating the antimicrobial mechanism, molecular‐docking simulations were excuted using on AutoDock Vina with designated ligands. The results indicated a strong binding affinity of the C‐dots with certain proteins associated with antibacterial activity. This observation suggests that the synthesized C‐dots effectively engage with the active sites of these proteins, indicating their potential as promising antibacterial agents. Importantly, this study implies that C‐dots do not induce protein denaturation, thereby warranting further investigation of their utility as antibacterial agents.
Transcatheter aortic valve implantation in patients with anomalous origin of a coronary artery
Authors: Loria Johannes Rotta detto , Abdelhafez Ahmed , Desch Steffen , Thiele Holger , Abdel‐Wahab Mohamed
Published: October 2023

Transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) has become a well‐established treatment option for elderly patients with symptomatic severe aortic stenosis. Coronary artery anomalies are an infrequent finding and there have only been few anecdotal reports of patients with coronary anomalies treated with TAVI. We here present a comprehensive overview of existing reports in addition to an own case series to facilitate better understanding of this potentially challenging clinical scenario.
Proportional troponin changes and risk for outcomes with intervention strategies in non‐ST‐elevation acute coronary syndrome across kidney function
Authors: Mathew Roy O. , Rangaswami Janani , Abramov Dmitry , Mahalwar Gauranga , Vellanki Shaitalya , Abuazzam Farah , Fraser Gary E. , Butler Fayth Miles , Lo Kevin Bryan , Herzog Charles A. , Shroff Gautam R. , Sidhu Mandeep S. , Bangalore Sripal
Published: October 2023

Aims

This analysis evaluates whether proportional serial cardiac troponin (cTn) change predicts benefit from an early versus delayed invasive, or conservative treatment strategies across kidney function in non‐ST‐elevation acute coronary syndrome (NSTE‐ACS).

Methods

Patients diagnosed with NSTE‐ACS in the Veterans Health Administration between 1999 and 2022 were categorized into terciles (<20%, 20 to ≤80%, >80%) of proportional change in serial cTn. Primary outcome included mortality or rehospitalization for myocardial infarction at 6 and 12 months, in survivors of index admission. Adjusted hazard ratio (HR) with 95% confidence Intervals (95% confidence interval [CI]) were calculated for the primary outcome for an early invasive (≤24 h of the index admission), delayed invasive (>24 h of index admission to 90‐days postdischarge), or a conservative management.

Results

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) was more prevalent (45.3%) in the lowest versus 42.2% and 43% in middle and highest terciles, respectively (p < 0.001). Primary outcome is more likely for conservative versus early invasive strategy at 6 (HR: 1.44, 95% CI: 1.37–1.50) and 12 months (HR: 1.44, 95% CI: 1.39–1.50). A >80% proportional change demonstrated HR (95% CI): 0.90 (0.83–0.97) and 0.93 (0.88–1.00; p = 0.041) for primary outcome at 6 and 12 months, respectively, when an early versus delayed invasive strategy was used, across CKD stages.

Conclusions

Overall, the invasive strategy was safe and associated with improved outcomes across kidney function in NSTE‐ACS. Additionally, >80% proportional change in serial troponin in NSTE‐ACS is associated with benefit from an early versus a delayed invasive strategy regardless of kidney function. These findings deserve confirmation in randomized controlled trials.
Exploring indicators of success in chronic total occlusion percutaneous coronary intervention with Stingray system‐based antegrade dissection re‐entry: Insights from retrospective analysis
Authors: Lu Hao , Hu Yiqing , Ma Yuanji , Zhou You , Yao Kang , Ma Jianying , Huang Dong , Ge Lei , Qian Juying , Ge Junbo
Published: October 2023

Background

The predictors of success of chronic total occlusion (CTO) percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) through antegrade dissection and re‐entry (ADR) using the Stingray system (Stingray ADR) remain elusive, mainly owing to the lack of consecutive angiographic and procedural records of patients.

Objectives

This study aimed to identify indicators that can determine the success of CTO PCI performed using the Stingray ADR technique.

Methods

The clinical data of 115 patients who underwent CTO PCI through Stingray ADR at the same cardiac center were retrospectively and consecutively collected. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to investigate the indicators of the success of ADR attempts.

Results

The technical success rate of Stingray ADR in CTO PCI was 72.2%. The overall technical success rate of CTO recanalization was 78.3% in all CTO PCIs having used Stingray Low Profile balloon. Vessel calcification (odds ratio [OR]: 4.03; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.49−11.88; p = 0.008), and retrograde puncture indicator (OR: 4.89; 95% CI: 1.51−17.11; p = 0.009) were identified as independent positive predictors. Blunt/no stump proximal to the occlusion segment (OR: 0.22; 95% CI: 0.06−0.64; p = 0.009), decision time before Stingray ADR (per 1 h increase) (OR: 0.54; 95% CI: 0.31−0.92; p = 0.026), operation duration of Stingray ADR (per 10 min increase) (OR: 0.62; 95% CI: 0.40−0.94; p = 0.028), and puncture site at the intraplaque region (OR: 0.24; 95% CI: 0.06−0.84; p = 0.026) were identified as the four negative independent predictors.

Conclusions

This study revealed independent predictors of the success of CTO PCI performed using the Stingray ADR technique. As for CTO characteristics, the presence of calcification in the CTO segment and a tapered stump proximal to the lesion site can facilitate successful Stingray ADR. As for the procedures, the success rate of Stingray ADR can be improved by initiating the technique decisively and promptly, operating the system quickly and accurately and creating a puncture in the distal cap region of CTO under retrograde guidance.
Stroke prevention in TAVR: A patient‐tailored approach may be needed
Authors: Willemen Yannick , De Backer Ole
Published: October 2023

Key Points

The study by Gorla et al. confirms that the incidence of clinically overt stroke is low in contemporary, real‐world transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) practice.

Patients at increased risk for TAVR‐related stroke may be identified based on baseline risk factors.

Randomized trials in selected TAVR patients at increased risk for stroke should evaluate patient‐tailored preventive measures.
Sex‐based differences in left ventricular assist device clinical outcomes
Authors: Imburgio Steven , Dandu Sowmya , Pannu Viraaj , Udongwo Ndausung , Johal Anmol , Hossain Mohammad , Patel Palak , Sealove Brett , Almendral Jesus , Heaton Joseph
Published: October 2023

Background

Heart failure (HF) continues to be a significant public health issue, posing a heightened risk of morbidity and mortality for both genders. Despite the widespread use of left ventricular assist device (LVAD), the influence of gender differences on clinical outcomes following implantation remains unclear.

Objectives

We investigated the impact of gender differences on readmission rates and other outcomes following LVAD implantation in patients admitted with advanced HF.

Methods

We conducted a retrospective study of patients who underwent LVAD implantation for advanced HF between 2014 and 2020, using the Nationwide Readmissions Database. Our study cohort was divided into male and female patients. The primary outcome was 30‐day readmission (30‐dr), while secondary outcomes were inpatient mortality, length of stay (LOS), procedural complication rates, and periadmission rates. Multivariate linear, Cox, and logistic regression analyses were performed.

Results

During the study period, 11,492 patients with advanced HF who had LVAD placement were identified. Of these, 22% (n = 2532) were females and 78% (n = 8960) were males. The mean age was 53.9 ± 10.8 years for females and 56.3 ± 10.5 years for males (adjusted Wald test, p < 0.01). Readmissions were higher in females (21% vs. 17%, p = 0.02) when compared to males. Cox regression analysis showed higher readmission events (hazard ratio: 1.24, 95% confidence interval: 1.01–1.52, p = 0.03) in females when compared to males. Inpatient mortality, LOS, and most procedural complication rates were not statistically significantly different between the two groups (p > 0.05, all).

Conclusion

Women experienced higher readmission rates and were more likely to be readmitted multiple times after LVAD implantation when compared to their male counterparts. However, there were no significant sex‐based differences in inpatient mortality, LOS, and nearly all procedural complication rates. These findings suggest that female patients may require closer monitoring and targeted interventions to reduce readmission rates.
One‐Pot Manganese (I)‐Catalyzed Oxidant‐Controlled Divergent Functionalization of 2‐Arylindazoles
Authors: Kanta Das Krishna , Kumar Ghosh Asim , Hajra Alakananda
Published: October 2023

The oxidant‐controlled divergent synthesis of C‐2′ formyl 2H‐indazoles and indazoloindazolediones has been developed through Mn(I)‐ catalyzed ortho C−H functionalization of 2H‐indazoles with para‐formaldehyde to afford C‐2′ hydroxymethylated 2H‐indazoles and subsequently oxidation with varying the amount of DDQ in one‐pot. By employing selectfluor as the oxidant instead of DDQ, this reaction exclusively provided indazolebenzoxazine derivatives. This strategy delivered unsymmetrical indazoloindazoledione and indazolobenzoxazine with varied functional group tolerance in moderate to good yields.
Selectivity and competitive mechanism of cation exchange resin for Fe, Mg, and Al ions in phosphoric acid
Authors: Yan Xuefang , Zhen Honggang , Wang Bo , Yang Lin
Published: October 2023

The presence of iron, magnesium, and aluminum elements as the primary impurities in wet‐process phosphoric acid (WPA) adversely affects the industrial phosphoric acid and subsequent phosphorus chemical products. This study aims to investigate the selectivity and competition mechanism of Sinco‐430 cation exchange resin for Fe, Mg, and Al ions in phosphoric acid solution. By studying the effects of different process conditions on the removal efficiency, the suitable conditions for the static removal of metal ions from Fe‐Mg, Al‐Mg, and Fe‐Al binary systems were determined: solid–liquid mass ratio (S/L) of 0.3, phosphoric acid concentration of 27.61 wt.%, system temperature of 50°C, and rotational speeds of 200, 400, and 200 rpm, respectively. By calculating the selectivity coefficients of the resin for metal ions under different experimental conditions and mutual replacement experiments, the semi‐empirical formulas for the selectivity coefficients were derived and order of selectivity was determined as follows: Mg2+ > Fe2+ > Al3+. Visual MINTEQ 3.1 software and density functional theory (DFT) calculations demonstrated that at low pH, the main forms of Fe, Mg, and Al present in phosphoric acid were FeH2PO4+, Mg2+, and AlH2PO42+, respectively. This finding explained the differences in selectivity of the resin for Fe, Mg, and Al. The dynamic removal of metal ions from phosphoric acid was investigated. The order of metal ion selectivity of the resin by the dynamic method is the same as that of the static method, and the dynamic exchange behaviour was most consistent with the Yan model.
Click‐on Antibody Fragments for Customisable Targeted Nanomedicines – Site‐specific Tetrazine and Azide Functionalisation through Non‐canonical Amino Acid incorporation
Authors: Huda Pie , Humphries James , Fletcher Nicholas L. , Howard Christopher B. , Thurecht Kristofer J. , Bell Craig A.
Published: October 2023

Protein functionalisation for the development of imaging agents and antibody drug conjugates still often relies on statistical amidation of the protein through accessible lysine and cysteine residues, requiring protein to protein conjugation optimisation and can potentially impact the overall function. To combat this, focus has turned to developing proteins that have noncanonical amino acids incorporated into their structure, allowing for site‐specific labelling and functionalisation. Herein we showcase the incorporation of non‐canonical amino acids bearing a tetrazine or azide orthogonal coupling modality into biologics targeted to the prostate‐specific membrane antigen and epidermal growth factor receptor respectively. The placement of these bioorthogonal residues into nanobody or single chain variable fragments (scFvs) is introduced by site‐directed mutagenesis of the protein‐coding DNA that allows for controlled insertion when these proteins are expressed. We show that bioorthogonal coupling of model compounds such as fluorophore or polymeric materials onto the protein does not significantly change the binding affinity, making these protein conjugation methods a powerful tool for development of simple customisable personalised targeted antibody‐drug conjugates where affinity is retained.
Investigation of pathogenic germline variants in gastric cancer and development of “GasCanBase” database
Authors: Hossain Mohammad Uzzal , Ahammad Ishtiaque , Moniruzzaman Md. , Akter Lubna Mahbuba , Bhattacharjee Arittra , Mahmud Chowdhury Zeshan , Ahmed Istiak , Hosen Md. Billal , Biswas Shourov , Chandra Das Keshob , Keya Chaman Ara , Salimullah Md.
Published: October 2023

Background

Gastric cancer, which is also known as stomach cancer, can be influenced by both germline and somatic mutations. Non‐synonymous Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (nsSNPs) in germline have long been reported to play a pivotal role in cancer progression.

Aim

The aim of this study is to examine the nsSNP in GC‐associated genes. The study also aims to develop a database with extensive information regarding the nsSNPs in the GC‐associated genes and their impacts.

Methods and Results

A total of 34,588 nsSNPs from 1,493,460 SNPs of the 40 genes were extracted from the available SNP database. Drug binding and energy minimization were examined by molecular docking and YASARA. To validate the existence of the germline CDH1 gene mutation (rs34466743) in the isolated blood DNA of gastric cancer (GC) patients, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and DNA sequencing were performed. According to the results of the gene network analysis, 17 genes may interact with other types of cancer. A total of 11,363 nsSNPs were detected within the 40 GC genes. Among these, 474 nsSNPs were predicted to be damaging and 40 to be the most damaging. The SNPs in domain regions were thought to be strong candidates that alter protein functions. Our findings proposed that most of the selected nsSNPs were within the domains or motif regions. Free Energy Deviation calculation of protein structure pointed toward noteworthy changes in the structure of each protein that can demolish its natural function. Subsequently, drug binding confirmed the structural variation and the ineffectiveness of the drug against the mutant model in individuals with these germline variants. Furthermore, in vitro analysis of the rs34466743 germline variant from the CDH1 gene confirmed the strength and robustness of the pipeline that could expand the somatic alteration for causing cancer. In addition, a comprehensive gastric cancer polymorphism database named “GasCanBase” was developed to make data available to researchers.

Conclusion

The findings of this study and the “GasCanBase” database may greatly contribute to our understanding of molecular epidemiology and the development of precise therapeutics for gastric cancer. GasCanBase is available at: https://www.gascanbase.com/.
The role of corporate social responsibility and corporate social irresponsibility in shaping corporate reputation: An analysis of competitive action and innovation strategies
Authors: Lin Woon Leong
Published: October 2023

This study delves into the intricate interplay of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) and Corporate Social Irresponsibility (CSI) within the context of corporate reputation, further illuminated by the influential moderating effects of competitive action and innovation. It underscores that CSR positively influences firms' corporate reputation, aligning with established notions of ethical practices enhancing stakeholder trust and public perception. Conversely, CSI's adverse impact on corporate reputation serves as a cautionary tale against ethical negligence. To explore this link, the study analyzes a sample of top global automotive firms using dynamic panel data system Generalized Method of Moments (GMM) estimates. The investigation of secondary data from 132 global automotive firms over the period 2016–2022 finds evidence supporting the association between CSR, CSI, and reputation. Notably, competitive action emerges as a significant moderator in this equation. The study reveals that firms with high competitive action experience a more pronounced positive relationship between CSR and corporate reputation, while a parallel link exists between competitive action and the adverse influence of CSI on reputation. This underlines competition's role in intensifying reputational effects. Additionally, innovation assumes a similar role as a moderator. High innovation levels accentuate the positive CSR‐corporate reputation relationship, underscoring the potency of innovation in amplifying ethical impact. Conversely, innovation mitigates the negative CSI‐corporate reputation link, highlighting the potential of innovative practices to offset the repercussions of irresponsibility. In conclusion, this study provides a nuanced understanding of how CSR, CSI, competitive action, and innovation collectively shape corporate reputation. This intricate nexus unveils the intertwined dynamics of ethics, competition, and innovation that define modern corporate landscapes, casting light on their far‐reaching implications for organizations' reputational trajectories.
Modification of Al Surface via Acidic Treatment and its Impact on Plating and Stripping
Authors: Rahide Fatemehsadat , Palanisamy Krishnaveni , Flowers Jackson K. , Hao Junjie , Stein Helge S. , Kranz Christine , Ehrenberg Helmut , Dsoke Sonia
Published: October 2023

Amorphous Al2O3 film that naturally exists on any Al substrate is a critical bottleneck for the cyclic performance of metallic Al in rechargeable Al batteries. The so‐called electron/ion insulator Al oxide slows down the anode's activation and hinders Al plating/stripping. The Al2O3 film induces different surface properties (roughness and microstructure) on the metal. Al foils present two optically different sides (shiny and non‐shiny), but their surface properties and influence on plating and stripping have not been studied so far. Compared to the shiny side, the non‐shiny one has a higher (~28 %) surface roughness, and its greater concentration of active sites (for Al plating and stripping) yields higher current densities. Immersion pretreatments in Ionic‐Liquid/AlCl3‐based electrolyte with various durations modify the surface properties of each side, forming an electrode‐electrolyte interphase layer rich in Al, Cl, and N. The created interphase layer provides more tunneling paths for better Al diffusion upon plating and stripping. After 500 cycles, dendritic Al deposition, generated active sites, and the continuous removal of the Al metal and oxide cause accelerated local corrosion and electrode pulverization. We highlight the mechanical surface properties of cycled Al foil, considering the role of immersion pretreatment and the differences between the two sides.
Major companies cracking down on customers abusing the accommodation process
Authors: Lyerly Eric
Published: October 2023

Major companies, including theme parks and airlines, are refining their processes for customers who need to request accommodations due to disability. This trend, which was first reported on by the Wall Street Journal, is a response to individuals without disabilities seeking accommodations to save money, cut long lines (at theme parks), and obtain other advantages (https://on.wsj.com/3KZMV7l). Interestingly, businesses are utilizing help from nonprofits and credentialing organizations to help determine who qualifies for accommodations.
Modeling framework for batch‐dependent dynamics of reaction process by combining first principles and machine learning
Authors: Ishitobi Taichi , Kono Yohei , Mochizuki Yoshinori
Published: October 2023

We propose a modeling framework for automating batch processes operation. Batch processes are often controlled by PID controllers, where engineers manually regulate their parameters and temporal patterns of reference signals. Therefore, it takes a long time for optimizing these parameters and temporal patterns. A possible solution for this is to apply so‐called Model Predictive Control (MPC) technology to the tuning. Here, batch process dynamics depend on the types of products and of equipment, thereby forcing engineers to construct and maintain multiple models that correspond to the number of combinations of product types and equipment types. Thus, batch process modeling is a time‐consuming and complicated task. To solve this problem, we propose a modeling framework; about a modeling target, the part applying commonly and parameters can be decided in advance are constructed by mathematical models, and the part that required experimentation for designing or tuning are constructed by machine learning models. We expect this framework can improve estimation accuracy and suppressing the number of model construction by separating model construction and combining the mathematical and machine learning models. In our simulation, we confirmed that our proposed model can suppress prediction error (RMSE) of reactor temperature under 1 K. Furthermore, an optimization algorithm with our model can find a temporal pattern of a reference signal so as to reduce control error of reactor temperature under 1.99 K.
Synthesis of a Novel Hybrid Ligand System Incorporating Classic Moieties through Acylation of 2,3,3‐Trimethylindolenine
Authors: Wang Xiaobai , Rüttger Franziska , Krawczuk Anna , Herbst‐Irmer Regine , Stalke Dietmar
Published: October 2023

In main group chemistry, the BDI ligand ([HC(C(Me)N(R))2]), more commonly known as NacNac, has proved indispensable over the last two decades. Within this work, we are introducing the hybrid NacNac‐akin ligand 3,3‐dimethyl‐2‐[2‐methyl‐2‐(2,6‐diisopropyl‐aniline)ethenyl]‐3H‐indolenine (DNI). On the basis of this novel ligand, alkali metal complexes [DNI(M1)] [M1=Li (3(OEt2)), Na (4(THF)3), and K (5(THF)3)] have been synthesized by facile deprotonation of the ligand's backbone. The reaction of DNI with AlH3 ⋅ NMe2Et led to the aluminium dihydride compound [DNI‐AlH2] (6) in excellent yield (90 %). Further synthesis of [DNI‐AlI2] (7), which is seen as a potential precursor for the aluminium(I) complex, was realized in the presence of 1.0 equiv. iodine with 6. All products 2–7 were completely characterized by 2D‐NMR, mass spectrometry, elemental analysis and SC‐XRD. Density functional theory calculations were performed to provide better understanding of their bonding characteristics and electronic structures.
DBU‐Catalyzed Benzannulation towards Stilbene and Biaryl Derivatives from Acyclic Amides with Methyl Coumalate
Authors: Qin Jialiang , Ke Mingji , Deji Cuo , Xin Shangping , Xue Yongbo , Zhan Ruoting , Huang Huicai
Published: October 2023

The DBU‐catalyzed benzylation of 1H‐benzotriazole amides with methyl coumalate is demonstrated for the synthesis of stilbenes and biaryl derivatives. The transformation involves the base‐catalyzed Michael addition of methyl coumalate to the 6π‐electrocyclic ring opening decarboxylation aromatization. Furthermore, the novel 2‐phenylnaphthalene derivatives showed potent anti‐proliferative and anti‐invasive activities against H1299 cells.
Efficacy and tolerability of add‐on stiripentol in real‐world clinical practice: An observational study in Dravet syndrome and non‐Dravet developmental and epileptic encephalopathies
Authors: Gil‐Nagel Antonio , Aledo‐Serrano Angel , Beltrán‐Corbellini Álvaro , Martínez‐Vicente Laura , Jimenez‐Huete Adolfo , Toledano‐Delgado Rafael , Gacía‐Morales Irene , Valls‐Carbó Adrián
Published: October 2023

Objective

To assess efficacy and tolerability of stiripentol (STP) as adjunctive treatment in Dravet syndrome and non‐Dravet refractory developmental and epileptic encephalopathies (DREEs).

Methods

Retrospective observational study of all children and adults with DREE and prescribed adjunctive STP at Hospital Ruber Internacional from January 2000 to February 2023. Outcomes were retention rate, responder rate (proportion of patients with ≥50% reduction in total seizure frequency relative to baseline), seizure freedom rate, responder rate for status epilepticus, rate of adverse event and individual adverse events, reported at 3, 6, and 12 months and at final visit. Seizure outcomes are reported overall, and for Dravet and non‐Dravet subgroups.

Results

A total of 82 patients (55 Dravet syndrome and 27 non‐Dravet DREE) were included. Median age was 5 years (range 1–59 years), and median age of epilepsy onset was younger in the Dravet group (4.9 [3.6–6] months) than non‐Dravet (17.9 [6–42.3], P < 0.001). Median follow‐up time STP was 24.1 months (2 years; range 0.3–164 months) and was longer in the Dravet group (35.9 months; range 0.8–164) than non‐Dravet (17 months range 0.3–62.3, P < 0.001). At 12 months, retention rate, responder rate and seizure free rate was 68.3% (56/82), 65% [48–77%] and 18% [5.7–29%], respectively. There were no statistically significant differences between groups on these seizure outcomes. Adverse events were reported in 46.3% of patients (38/82), without differences between groups.

Significance

In this population of patients with epileptic and developmental encephalopathies, outcomes with adjunctive STP were similar in patients with non‐Dravet DREE to patients with Dravet syndrome.
Computational study on thermal management for an air‐cooled lithium‐ion battery
Authors: Moralı Uğur
Published: October 2023

In this study, a comprehensive simulation study was carried out to obtain detailed battery temperature behaviors. The influences of air inlet temperature, air flow rate, C‐rate, and free stream temperature were investigated on the temperature uniformity and maximal battery temperature. Taguchi design is implemented to investigate the main effects of four control parameters in the battery thermal management process. Results indicated that as the free stream temperature (delta = 7.3366) was the most influential factor for the temperature uniformity, the air inlet temperature (delta = 0.2679) was the most efficient factor for the maximal battery temperature. The contribution of the air inlet temperature was 28% and 38% for temperature uniformity and maximal battery temperature, respectively. Additionally, the free stream temperature contributed 32% to temperature uniformity and 25% to the maximum battery temperature. The airflow rate was found to be the least effective factor for temperature uniformity (delta = 2.8672) and maximal battery temperature (delta = 0.0506). The results could be helpful in the design of a lithium‐ion battery thermal management process to improve temperature uniformity and maximal battery temperature.
COL1A1::PDGFB fusion uterine sarcoma with a TERT promoter mutation
Authors: Lu Yang , Chen Xinyi , Zeng Wenjing , Hua Ping , Shen Yangmei , Qiu Yan , He Xin , Zhang Hongying
Published: October 2023

COL1A1::PDGFB fusion uterine sarcoma is a rare uterine mesenchymal tumor with some clinicopathological features that overlap with those of soft tissue dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans. However, the varied clinicopathologic and genetic characteristics have not been fully revealed, which may be a potential pitfall for diagnosis. Here, we present a case of COL1A1::PDGFB fusion‐positive uterine sarcoma in a 49‐years‐old female. Histologically, the tumor from the initial marginal excision predominantly exhibited high‐grade fibrosarcomatous and myxofibrosarcoma‐like appearances, while a low‐grade focal area displaying storiform growth was identified in the residual tumor after subsequently extended resection. Immunohistochemically, the high‐grade components mainly exhibited focal positivity for CD34 and mutated‐type p53 immunoreactivity, whereas the low‐grade component showed diffuse positivity for CD34 and wild‐type p53 staining. The COL1A1::PDGFB fusion was confirmed by fluorescence in situ hybridization and next‐generation sequencing. In addition, the TERT‐124 C > T mutation was further identified in this lesion's fibrosarcomatous and classic storiform components. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first described case of COL1A1::PDGFB fusion uterine sarcoma with a TERT promoter mutation, which might be a novel genetic finding associated with tumorigenesis of this rare tumor.
Renal Parenchymal Disease Related to Over‐the‐Counter Analgesic Use
Authors: Derby Laura E. , Jick Hershel
Published: October 2023

The occurrence of parenchymal renal disease has been attributed in many case reports to heavy use of over‐the‐counter (OTC) analgesics. To quantify this putative relationship, we carried out a comprehensive case history review of newly diagnosed parenchymal renal disease requiring hospitalization among patients who ever used acetaminophen, aspirin, or ibuprofen, at Group Health Cooperative of Puget Sound. During the 6‐year period 1984–1989, 17 cases of newly diagnosed, unexplained renal disease were identified among the 378,769 users of OTC analgesics, among whom 26,931 filled at least 20 prescriptions for the analgesics studied. Six of the 17 were possibly attributable to outpatient drug use. Of these, OTC analgesics were suspected clinically as a possible causal factor in two, but in both patients other causes seemed equally likely. We did not find any patients with anatomic or pathologic findings associated with analgesic nephropathy. We conclude that parenchymal renal disease attributable to OTC analgesic use and requiring hospitalization is a rare occurrence.
Interaction of Dexamethasone with Phenytoin
Authors: Lackner Thomas E.
Published: October 2023

Phenytoin and dexamethasone are frequently administered concurrently to prevent consequences of central nervous system pathology. Limited and conflicting data are available regarding an interaction between the agents. A patient receiving dexamethasone required a daily phenytoin dose of greater than 10 mg/kg to maintain the phenytoin serum concentration within the usual therapeutic range. The concentration increased by nearly 300% after dexamethasone was discontinued.
Evaluation of Very Rapid Emit Qst Methods for Measuring Serum Procainamide and N‐Acetylprocainamide Concentrations
Authors: Carnes Cynthia A. , Coyle James D.
Published: October 2023

This study assessed the Emit Qst procainamide (PA) and N‐acetylprocainamide (NAPA) assays. Accuracy and intraday precision were evaluated by repeatedly measuring PA and NAPA concentrations in spiked serum samples using Qst and high‐performance liquid chromatography methods. Interday precision was evaluated by measuring concentrations in spiked samples over 4 weeks. Correlation between methods was assessed in patient samples, and proportional, constant, and random errors were estimated. Intraday coefficients of variation (CVs) were below 6.4% for PA and NAPA for both methods; interday CVs were below 7.8%. The proportional, constant, and random errors of the PA Qst assay in patient samples were 5.7%, −0.224 mg/L, and ± 0.574 mg/L, respectively. The same errors in the NAPA Qst assay were 17.2%, 0.229 mg/L, and ± 1.79 mg/L, respectively. The Qst assays are rapid, accurate, and precise methods for routine clinical measurement of PA and NAPA, although the proportional error in the NAPA assay should be recognized.
Pharmacokinetics and Safety of Single Rising Doses of Ofloxacin in Healthy Volunteers
Authors: Marchbanks C. Randall , Dudley Michael N. , Flor Soledad , Beals Barbara
Published: October 2023

The pharmacokinetics, safety, and disposition of the new antimicrobial fluoroquinolone ofloxacin were evaluated after oral administration in 14 healthy, male volunteers in a double‐blind, placebo‐controlled study. Ofloxacin was administered as 100‐, 300‐, and 600‐mg doses separated by 1 week. Plasma and urine concentrations after each administration were measured using a sensitive and specific high‐performance liquid chromatographic procedure. The distribution of ofloxacin was modeled using a two‐compartment open‐body model with first‐order absorption. Maximum plasma concentrations and area under the plasma concentration versus time curve increased in a linear, dose‐proportional manner over the range studied. At all levels, within 36 hours after administration, approximately 70% of the dose was recovered in urine as unchanged ofloxacin and only minimal amounts (<4%) as metabolites. No significant changes in the distribution or elimination of the compound were found over the 6‐fold dose range. No major laboratory toxicities or clinically significant adverse effects were noted in either the ofloxacin or placebo group.
Hematopoiesis
Authors: Smith Steven P. , Yee Gary C.
Published: October 2023

Hematopoiesis begins with the pluripotent stem cell in the marrow and culminates in mature, functional red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets in the circulation. The process consists of a complex and well‐orchestrated sequence of cell proliferation, differentiation, and maturation, that is stimulated and regulated by a host of cytokines and hormones. The various growth factors act individually and in concert at different stages of hematopoiesis and have important effects on mature cell function.
Granulocyte‐Macrophage Colony‐Stimulating Factor and Zidovudine in the Treatment of Neutropenia and Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection
Authors: Hewitt Ross G. , Morse Gene D.
Published: October 2023

Granulocyte‐macrophage colony‐stimulating factor (GMCSF) is a hematopoietic protein that has been studied both in vitro and in vivo in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. Since both HIV infection primarily and zidovudine (formerly AZT) treatment secondarily may result in neutropenia, administration of GMCSF to persons with HIV infection is generating considerable interest. Despite in vitro studies demonstrating that the agent may stimulate HIV replication, in the presence of zidovudine a synergistic inhibition of replication occurs. Early clinical studies in patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome indicate that GMCSF can raise neutrophil counts with or without concurrent zidovudine treatment. The long‐term safety and tolerance of the combination has to be established.
Survey of ACCP Members Regarding Use of Computers and Information Processing
Authors: Dasta Joseph F. , Reardon Gregory
Published: October 2023

A questionnaire was sent to a random sample of 480 members of the American College of Clinical Pharmacy to determine their opinions on various issues relating to computer technology and the future role of computers in information processing in pharmacy. Results from the 335 evaluable responses revealed nearly universal use of computers. Word processing was the most common application and IBM or compatible computers were the dominant machines. Respondents used a wide variety of generalized and specialized programs, especially electronic communication products. Computer technology is expected to have a major impact on routine aspects of pharmacy practice, although, respondents were split on its impact on more cognitively intensive functions.
A Guide for Assessing Pharmacoepidemiologic Studies
Authors: Levine Mitchell A. H.
Published: October 2023

Pharmacoepidemiologic studies are appearing with increasing frequency in clinical journals, describing associations between commonly used drugs and rare adverse clinical events. Before practitioners accept conclusions of causality and alter patterns of practice based on these studies, they should perform two steps: apply a critical appraisal filter to the evidence to determine whether the claims are justified, and explore the consequences of not using a drug associated with an undesired effect. This guide for critically appraising the literature on adverse drug effects emphasizes the need to evaluate the potential biases associated with studies that use nonexperimental designs.
Surveillance of Treated and Untreated Funguria in a University Hospital
Authors: Gubbins Paul O. , Occhipinti Donna J. , Danziger Larry H.
Published: October 2023

Study Objective. To determine the influence of treatment on the microbiologic outcome of funguria.

Design. Retrospective case series.

Setting. A 300‐bed tertiary care teaching hospital in a large metropolitan area.

Subjects. 141 hospitalized patients, 18 years of age or older, with at least one urine culture positive (≥ 102 cfu/ml) for fungi.

Interventions. Retrospective review of medical records to determine the microbiologic outcome of funguria.

Main Results. Funguria developed rapidly in individuals with known predisposing factors. Urinalysis did not routinely detect the presence of fungi or pyuria. Symptoms such as fever, dysuria, and frequency were generally absent. Funguria persisted whether it was due to Candida albicans or non‐albicans species. There were no statistical differences in the microbiologic outcomes of treated and untreated funguria.

Conclusions. Funguria is a rapidly developing, often benign and persistent process. Minimizing predisposing risks, such as removing indwelling urinary catheters, is beneficial in its management. Pharmacologic treatment of funguria due to C. albicans or non‐albicans species does not influence the microbiologic outcome.
Comparison of Compensatory Pituitary and Testicular Responses to Hemicastration Between Prepubertal and Mature Rats
Authors: BROWN JANINE L. , CHAKRABORTY PRABIR K.
Published: October 2023

ABSTRACT: Prepubertal (14 days old) and mature (10 to 12 months old) male rats were hemicastrated and killed at selected intervals during a 12‐week period to compare the effect of age on acute and chronic pituitary and testicular responses to hemicastration. Testis weight was increased (P < 0.05) in hemicastrated (HC) prepubertal rats but not in mature rats compared with intact controls. After surgery, serum follicle‐stimulating hormone (FSH) concentrations were elevated (P < 0.05) by hour 12 and day 2 in prepubertal and mature rats, respectively, and remained elevated over control levels for 4 and 8 weeks, respectively. However, the magnitude of the rise in serum FSH following hemicastration was greater in the prepubertal animals. Pituitary FSH concentrations were increased (P < 0.05) by day 1 in prepubertal HC rats and remained elevated through week 4. In contrast, pituitary FSH levels were unaffected (P > 0.05) by hemicastration in mature rats. Serum concentrations of inhibin‐α were inversely related to serum FSH concentrations in prepubertal HC rats only. Serum testosterone concentrations were reduced (P < 0.05) following hemicastration in both age groups but recovered to control levels within 24 hours. Neither serum nor pituitary concentrations of luteinizing hormone (LH) were altered by hemicastration (P > 0.05) in either age group. In addition, there were no changes (P > 0.05) in the concentrations of testicular LH or FSH receptors following hemicastration throughout the 12‐week period. However, both receptor contents were increased (P < 0.05) in prepubertal HC rats in association with the increase in testis size. In summary, there were a number of age‐related differences in pituitary and testicular responses to hemicastration in the rat. Also, the rapid recovery of testosterone secretion in HC animals was apparently not associated with altered LH secretion or concentrations of testicular gonadotropin receptors.