bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
On the Existence of Brown Dwarfs More Massive than the Hydrogen Burning Limit
Authors: Forbes John C. , Loeb Abraham
Published: February 2019

Almost by definition brown dwarfs are objects with masses below the hydrogen burning limit, around 0.07 M
⊙. Below this mass, objects never reach a steady state where they can fuse hydrogen. Here we demonstrate, in contrast to this traditional view, that brown dwarfs with masses greater than the hydrogen burning limit may in principle exist in the universe. These objects, which we term “overmassive brown dwarfs,” form a continuous sequence with traditional brown dwarfs in any property (mass, effective temperature, radius, and luminosity). To form an overmassive brown dwarf, mass must be added sufficiently slowly to a sufficiently old traditional brown dwarf below the hydrogen burning limit. We identify mass transfer in binary brown dwarf systems via Roche lobe overflow driven by gravitational waves to be the most plausible mechanism to produce the bulk of the putative overmassive brown dwarf population.
The Origin and Early Evolution of a Bipolar Magnetic Region in the Solar Photosphere
Authors: Getling A. V. , Buchnev A. A.
Published: February 2019

Finding the formation mechanisms for bipolar configurations of a strong local magnetic field under control of the relatively weak global magnetic field of the Sun is a key problem of the physics of solar activity. This study is aimed at discriminating whether the magnetic field or fluid motion plays a primary, active role in this process. The very origin and early development stage of Active Region 12548 are investigated based on Solar Dynamics Observatory/Helioseismic and Magnetic Imager observations of 2016 May 20–25. Full-vector magnetic and velocity fields are analyzed in parallel. The leading and trailing magnetic polarities are found to grow asymmetrically in terms of their amplitude, magnetic flux, and the time variation of these quantities. The leading-polarity magnetic element originates as a compact feature against the background of a distributed trailing-polarity field, with an already existing trailing-polarity magnetic element. No signs of strong horizontal magnetic fields are detected between the two magnetic poles. No predominant upflow between their future locations precedes the origin of this bipolar magnetic region (BMR); instead, upflows and downflows are mixed, with some prevalence of downflows. Any signs of a large-scale horizontal divergent flow from the area where the BMR develops are missing; in contrast, a normal supergranulation and mesogranulation pattern is preserved. This scenario of early BMR evolution is in strong contradiction with the expectations based on the model of a rising Ω-shaped loop of a flux tube of strong magnetic field, and an in situ mechanism of magnetic-field amplification and structuring should operate in this case.
Redescriptions of thirteen species of chewing lice in the Brueelia-complex (Phthiraptera, Ischnocera, Philopteridae), with one new synonymy and a neotype designation for Nirmus lais Giebel, 1874
Authors: Gustafsson Daniel R. , Oslejskova Lucie , Najer Tomas , Sychra Oldrich , Zou Fasheng
Published: February 2019

Thirteen species of chewing lice in theBrueelia-complex are redescribed and illustrated. They are:BrueeliablagovescenskyiBalát, 1955, exEmberizaschoeniclus(Linnaeus, 1758);B.breueriBalát, 1955, exChlorischloris(Linnaeus, 1758);B.conocephala(Blagoveshchensky, 1940) exSittaeuropaea(Linnaeus, 1758);B.ferianciBalát, 1955, exAnthustrivialis(Linnaeus, 1758);B.gliziBalát, 1955, exFringillamontifringillaLinnaeus, 1758;B.kluziBalát, 1955, exFringillacoelebsLinnaeus, 1758;B.kratochviliBalát, 1958, exMotacillaflavaLinnaeus, 1758;B.matvejeviBalát, 1981, exTurdusviscivorusLinnaeus, 1758;B.pelikaniBalát, 1958, exEmberizamelanocephalaScopoli, 1769;B.rosickyiBalát, 1955, exSylvianisoria(Bechstein, 1792);B.vanekiBalát, 1981, exAcrocephalusschoenobaenus(Linnaeus, 1758);Guimaraesiellahaftorni(Balát, 1958) exTurdusiliacusLinnaeus, 1758;G.lais(Giebel, 1874) exLusciniamegarhynchos(Brehm, 1831). Redescriptions are made from type material where available. Holotypes are identified in Balát’s material when possible, and lectotypes are designated forB.blagovescenskyi,B.breueri,B.glizi,B.ferianci,B.kluzi,B.kratochvili,B.pelikani, andB.rosickyi; a neotype ofNirmuslaisGiebel, 1874 is designated.BrueeliaweberiBalát, 1982, is placed as a synonym ofBrueeliaconocephala(Blagoveshchensky, 1940).
Taxonomic revision of Mcvaughia W.R.Anderson (Malpighiaceae): notes on vegetative and reproductive anatomy and the description of a new species
Authors: Almeida Rafael F. , Guesdon Isabel R. , Pace Marcelo R. , Meira Renata M.S.
Published: February 2019

A taxonomic revision ofMcvaughiais presented, including the description of a new species from the state of Piauí, Brazil, and notes on wood, secondary phloem, leaf, and floral morpho-anatomy. We present a key to the species, full morphological descriptions, a distribution map, and notes on distribution, ecology, etymology, and conservation status for each species.
Posted Work and Occupational Safety and Health: A Literature Review
Authors: Danaj Sonila
Published: February 2019

This article provides a review of the literature on posting and occupational safety and health (OSH). Although the vulnerabilities of posted workers are discussed in the literature on posting, and the overall OSH risk factors, including those relevant to migrant workers, are discussed in the literature on OSH, the two strands of literature barely intersect. There is therefore an immediate need to study the occupational safety and health of posted workers throughout the European Union. Social factors influencing OSH risks, such as employment fragmentation and precarity, and the various forms of cross-border labour mobility, such as posting, should also be further explored.
V preseku mobilnosti in socialnih mrež: Biografska skica Ivane Kobilca
Authors: Strle Urška
Published: February 2019

Avtorica osvetljuje biografske vidike Ivane Kobilca, da bi pojasnila, kako je lahko ženska, rojena v Ljubljani, perifernem mestu habsburške monarhije 19. stoletja, postala uspešna umetnica. Čeprav ni pripadala višjim slojem, je odpotovala na tuje, študirala umetnost in se integrirala v več evropskih urbanih središčih. Biografija s posebnim poudarkom na njeni mobilnosti in socialni mreži razkriva premišljene strategije, s katerimi je premagovala ovire, ki so omejevali umetniško izražanje žensk v času belle époque. Študija temelji na ego-dokumentih, biografskih študijah in relevantnih historiografskih delih in izbrane vidike Kobilčine biografije umešča v širše in dinamično sociokulturno okolje.
Identities and Belongings of “Second-Generation Migrant Women”
Authors: Sedmak Mateja
Published: February 2019

The article deals with issues of (cultural and ethnic) identity formation and belonging in the case of “second-generation female migrants” from former Yugoslavia in Slovenia. Subjective perceptions, the complexity of identity self-perception and the role of the wider environment (peer group, family) are explored. The article addresses three closely connected yet separate issues: (1) the problematic nature of monoethnic affiliations; (2) the fact that ethnic boundaries do not necessarily coincide with cultural ones; and (3) the complexity of self-perception processes and cultural mixing. The article questions the assumption that cultural assimilation is straightforward in the case of “second-generation migrants”, addresses gender and religion as important factors, and exposes the “in-between” position of “second-generation migrants”.
Knjižna ocena - Deirdre McKay, An Archipelago of Care: Filipino Migrants and Global Networks
Authors: N. Abrugena Justine Grace
Published: February 2019

Ocena je objavljena na angleških straneh
Kaznovanje tujcev: Kaznovanje tujih storilcev kaznivih dejanj v Sloveniji
Authors: Plesničar Mojca M. , Kukavica Jaka
Published: February 2019

Avtorja se uvodoma ukvarjata z vprašanjem »tujosti«, ki se pojavlja v več intenzitetah: državljanstvo posameznika je le eden od dejavnikov, ki vplivajo na njegovo družbeno sprejemanje ali zavračanje. Po pregledu stanja v evropskih zaporih avtorja v osrednjem delu analizirata položaj tujcev v slovenskem kazenskopravnem sistemu, kjer je mogoče zaznati zaostrovanje pri obravnavi tujcev – več obsodb in več tujcev v zaporih v zadnjih letih. Temu nasprotne rezultate pa pokaže podrobnejši pregled kaznivega dejanja umora (in uboja), v katerem avtorja ugotavljata, da je kaznovanje tujcev celo manj punitivno kot kaznovanje domačih državljanov in za to ponudita nekaj morebitnih razlag.
Avtonomija migracij in vladnost plastičnih meja
Authors: Pajnik Mojca
Published: February 2019

Avtorica na podlagi avtonomije migracij meje analizira kot mesta nadzora in nasiljater hkrati kot migrantski praxis, kot strategije bega in ruptur. Pojasnjuje idejo o »utelešenih mejah«, da bi pokazala, kako meje na poti oblikujejo ljudi in so obenem same oblikovane prek utelešenih izkušenj tistih, ki meje prestopajo. Z uporabo Foucaultovega koncepta 'vladnosti' (gouvernementalité) in koncepta 'plastičnosti' (plasticity), kot ga analizira Malabou, postavi tezo, da današnje upravljanje migracij uporablja mehanizem »plastičnih meja«, ki so oblikovane kot neposredni odziv na mobilnost migrantov, kar pokaže tudi na empiričnem primeru eksternalizacije meje kot evropske politike upravljanja z migracijami.
Post-War Urbanism along the Contested Border: Some Observations on Koper/Capodistria and Trieste/Trst
Authors: Čebron Lipovec Neža
Published: February 2019

The article presents observations from recent architectural historical research on the post-war construction of Slovene coastal towns. The urban planning concepts that formed the “Slovenian Coast” and followed the migration processes are explored. The solutions for the Slovenian Coast are compared with contemporary urban plans for Trieste, set in a larger historical framework. Certain interventions in “ethnically pure” locations (new settlements called ‘borghi’ on the Karst boundary surrounding Trieste; new construction in the Venetian core of Capodistria) are highlighted, and approaches in the design of new urban areas and two symbolic spaces of representations on both sides of the border are compared.
The Surveillance and Persecution of Slovene Antifascists in Argentina: How the Authorities Conspired in Combating “Undesired” Immigration
Authors: Zobec Miha
Published: February 2019

Opposition to the fascist policy in the Julian March, as well as to fascism in general,led to close surveillance of Slovene emigrants from this area by Fascist Italy. The author first provides an outline of the Italian surveillance of the activities promoted by emigrant associations, then analyses the pressure exerted by the Argentine authorities on leftist emigrants and the sharing of their criminal records with Italy, and finally focuses on antifascist activities promoted by female immigrants. He argues that the Italian extraterritorial surveillance depended on the type of emigrant transnational political engagement, which was motivated by increased suppression of the minorities in the Julian March.
DEVELOPING AN AUTOMATED METHOD FOR THE APPLICATION OF LIDAR IN IUMAT LAND-USE MODEL: ANALYSIS OF LAND-USE CHANGES USING BUILDING-FORM PARAMETERIZATION, GIS, AND ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORKS
Authors: Farzinmoghadam Mohamad , Mostafavi Nariman , Infield Elisabeth Hamin , Hoque Simi
Published: February 2019

Predicting resource consumption in the built environment and its associated environmental consequences is one of the core challenges facing policy-makers and planners seeking to increase the sustainability of urban areas. The study of land-use change has many implications for infrastructure design, resource allocation, and urban metabolism simulation. While most urban models focus on horizontal growth patterns, few investigate the impacts of vertical characteristics of urbanscapes in predicting land-use changes. In this paper, Building-form variables are introduced as a new determinant factor for investigating effects of vertical characteristics of an urbanscape in predicting land-use change. This work outlines an automated method for generating building-form variables from Light Detection and Ranging (LIDAR) data by using Density-Based Spatial Clustering and normal equations. This paper presents a Land-Use Model that uses Remote Sensing, GIS, and Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) to predict urban growth patterns within the IUMAT framework (Integrated Urban Metabolism Analysis Tool), which is an analytical platform for quantifying the overall sustainability in the urbanscape. The town of Amherst in Western Massachusetts (for the period of 1971–2005) is used as a case study for testing the model. By isolating the weights of each explanatory variable in models, this study highlights the influence of building geometry on future development scenarios.
ENVIRONMENTALLY RESPONSIVE KINETIC FAÇADE FOR EDUCATIONAL BUILDINGS
Authors: Fakourian Flora , Asefi Maziar
Published: February 2019

The sustainable development of educational buildings has become an increasingly important goal for university campuses. This research develops a proposal for a kinetic façade employing mechanical moveable components for an educational building. Due to the pedagogically different needs of courses taught in educational spaces, it is desirable to design spaces that are able to meet changing functional and aesthetic requirements. The transformation of an exterior curtain wall is performed by means of movement and twisting of its components in order to regulate the temperature and sun penetration for each class during the course of a day. This paper proposes a curtain wall system for educational buildings. The transformation mechanism and the details of the wall's components, along with the construction plans and material used are presented. It is argued that the proposed design can respond properly to the architectural principles of educational buildings in terms of form and function, while also respecting the varying needs of users and environmental sustainability.
EQUITABLE ADAPTATION PLANNING IN HISTORIC COASTAL CITIES: OBSERVATIONS FROM AN ARCHITECTURAL PRACTICE
Authors: Zurek Stephanie Reed
Published: February 2019

INTRODUCTION

In communities all along the seaboard, we have large and challenging conversations ahead of us. Historic coastal cities must reconcile tensions between preserving a community's existing cultural heritage and the reality of planning for several feet of sea level rise in the coming decades. As more frequent tidal flooding and more extensive storm surges begin to affect the lowest-lying neighborhoods, cities and states are faced with decisions about where and when to invest in adaptation measures and at what scale. Adaptation measures will undoubtedly change the landscape of the existing built environment, which contributes to each community's cultural heritage and its collective psyche. How can a community move forward with the joint goals of preservation and protection?

The decisions are daunting and imagining a built environment that accommodates a rising sea can be a surreal exercise. Questions will be raised such as, what funds are available for large-scale infrastructure projects? Or, why is investment continuing in this neighborhood if it will be under water in fifty years? Architects may feel unequipped to enter these conversations. The easiest, and likely last, series of decisions in this process may be about how to elevate a building. However, before arriving at such a decision, an interconnected web of related conversations must occur. Despite one's reluctance to participate in such a daunting task, a designer's skill set is useful in the process. The assistance that is required of architects at the front end of preparing historic coastal communities for sea level rise includes gathering and presenting existing conditions data, facilitating robust and inclusive conversations, educating decision-makers, and illustrating options, all of which empower communities to work together toward an appropriate and equitable solution. Architects have an opportunity to not only facilitate and participate in adaptation planning conversations, but also to advocate for and influence the structure of decision-making processes to be more inclusive and participatory.

The following discussion highlights specific challenges in historic coastal cities, using several examples from our work in Rhode Island, as well as observations of state and municipal planning processes. As architects and urban designers, it is Union Studio's mission to enrich the lives of people and communities through the design of buildings and places for this generation and the next. We dedicate ourselves to projects ranging from large-scale neighborhood masterplans and public libraries to smaller-scale urban infill development and residential design. The change in scale from one project to the next compels us to consider the implications of small-scale design details on the overall character of a place and, conversely, the implications of broad regulatory policies on the design of a single building or home.
AN ANALYSIS OF GREEN BUILDING COSTS USING A MINIMUM COST CONCEPT
Authors: Taemthong Wannawit , Chaisaard Nattasit
Published: February 2019

Green buildings are known for yielding a better indoor habitat, saving energy and protecting the environment. However, they require greater investment than conventional buildings. Green buildings can be classified at different levels ranging through certified, silver, gold and platinum. The classification chosen is likely to affect project costs. Adopting a platinum level of green building specifications tends to incur the highest project costs. While with gold, silver and certified levels expenditure will be reduced accordingly. The actual degree of project cost differences also depends on additional factors, such as site location, design specifications, construction condition, material and equipment selection and LEED consultant expertise. Construction budgeting represents a crucial factor for project owners developing green buildings. This research presents a method for determining the minimum project costs of green building developments. The processes and steps to be completed in determining such minimum project costs are presented based on a case study of a learning centre building which received LEED platinum certification. It was found that choosing certified and silver levels has an indifferent effect on project costs, whereas expenditure increases exponentially with gold and platinum levels of certification.
UNDERSTANDING THE PERCEIVED VALUE OF USING BIM FOR ENERGY SIMULATION
Authors: Lewis Anderson M. , Valdes-Vasquez Rodolfo , Clevenger Caroline
Published: February 2019

Building Information Modeling (BIM) and Energy Simulation have both become increasingly important tools in the building sector. The potential exists to achieve a synergistic relationship between BIM and energy simulation software programs by leveraging information stored within BIM models to inform energy models to save time and improve a design's performance. This study seeks to understand the perceptions of green design stakeholders with regard to the value of BIM-based energy simulation as well as associated barriers and benefits. To do so, an e-survey was used to collect data. Data analysis consisted of descriptive statistics, Cronbach's Alpha coefficients, Spearman correlations, and Mann-Whitney U tests. Results suggest that little to no correlation exists between green design stakeholders' perceptions regarding the value of using information from BIMs to inform energy simulation, and their engagement level with BIM and/or energy simulation. While this study has been limited by its sample size and location of participants, the results help identify different user groups' perceptions and receptiveness to using BIM-based energy simulation tools, which are advancing and transforming the AEC industry. Studies, such as this, emphasize the need for further research on understanding the modeling processes related to energy simulation and BIM models.
Diversity of materials, variety of problems. Conservation of the medieval cross-orphrey depicting the Crucifixion
Authors: Gołębiowska Anna
Published: February 2019

The orphrey is a part of textile collection from Archdiocese’s Museum in Przemyśl (south-east of Poland). Orphrey is made in so-called relief embroidery technique and it is a typical example of late gothic embroidery.
What effect does siderite crystal growth have on chlorides and potential information within the corrosion products of archaeological iron artefacts?
Authors: With Ruben
Published: February 2019

In anoxic, carbonated and slightly acidic burial environments, the growth of siderite crystals on archaeological iron has been attributed a passivating effect on the corrosion process. By creating a simplified, though similar environment (optimized for siderite growth), the aim of this project was to observe how the growth of siderite crystals within the corrosion crust of archaeological iron objects would affect both the corrosion crust and its chloride content.
Building Bridges and Conserving Culture
Authors: Aitchison Kenneth
Published: February 2019

Icon propose une Strategie Nationale de Formation et de Compétences pour façonner l'avenir de l'éducation, de la formation et de la recherche en conservation-restauration au Royaume-Uni. L'organisation a entrepris des recherches sur les besoins en compétences de la main- d'œuvre, et donne la priorité aux initiatives visant à améliorer la formation et les qualifications. Icon souhaite relancer le débat sur ce qui est nécessaire pour devenir un restaurateur professionnel européen.
The significance of practice in the training of conservator-restorers at the Faculty of Conservation and Restoration of Works of Art, Academy of Fine Arts in Warsaw
Authors: Chmielewski Krzysztof
Published: February 2019

Extensive practice in the conservation work on original works of art should be one of the main objectives of the training of future conservator-restorers. The current curriculum at the Faculty of Conservation and Restoration of Works of Art, Academy of Fine Arts in Warsaw maintains a relative balance between theory and practice, but it is not flexible enough and being not yet fully adapted to today's challenges in the field of care of cultural heritage. It is going to be reformed in the coming years, with the new curriculum also meeting current requirements in the legislation on higher education in Poland.
Promoting conservation culture through exchange in training on traditional and contemporary lining methods
Authors: Aguiar Maria , Broers Nico , Verheyden Olivier , Idelson Antonio Iaccarino , Roma Paolo , Cudell Ana
Published: February 2019

L'enseignement en conservation-restauration est considérablement influencé par le contexte culturel dans lequel il est élaboré. Selon le pays d'origine, le traitement structurel de peintures sur toile varie largement, reflétant les conditions climatiques mais également les traditions d'enseignement. Via un programme Erasmus, des méthodes de rentoilage et de doublage traditionnelles et contemporaines utilisées en Belgique, en Italie et au Portugal ont été comparées, réunissant des enseignants et des étudiants de l'École Supérieure des Arts Saint-Luc de Liège, l'Universitá degli Studi Urbino “Carlo Bo” d'Urbino et the Escola das Artes, Universidade Católica Portuguesa.
Utilisation d’un adhésif à polymérisation UV pour combler les surfaces lacunaires d’objets d’art en verre ou à revêtements vitreux
Authors: Bechoux Viviane , Fouquet Thierry , Verge Pierre , Bomfim Joao A. S.
Published: February 2019

Cette recherche propose une méthode de réintégration de perte de matière du verre et d’émaux sur supports céramiques et métalliques.Elle vise à remplacer les résines  époxydiques, teintées dans la masse utilisées  comme matériau de comblement, par une résine polymérisable aux UV, colorée à l’aide de poudres de verre.
Expertise, concertation et réalisations : l’expérience du Centre de Conservation du Québec (CCQ)
Authors: Laureau Delphine , Bouchard René
Published: February 2019

Depuis 35 ans, l’équipe multidisciplinaire du Centre de conservation du Québec se consacre à la sauvegarde et à la préservation du patrimoine national du Québec. Les défis et les enjeux sont nombreux. En partenariat avec les autres acteurs du patrimoine, les impacts des interventions des restaurateurs sont positifs, autant par la mise en valeur des œuvres qu’ils traitent que par les conseils de bonnes pratiques de conservation qu’ils dispensent à diverses clientèles.
Autour d’un Outrenoir de Pierre Soulages
Authors: Grandière Pauline Hélou-de la , Meunier Amandine
Published: February 2019

Les collaborations en conservation-restauration sont fréquentes, mais s’organisent la plupart du temps de façon empirique : une méthodologie est proposée ici, reprenant les outils utilisés en médecine et en management. L’article donne l’occasion de revenir sur cette expérience exemplaire du point de vue de la nécessaire coordination et de la collaboration pluridisciplinaire.
Research and Encounters around the Conservation of a Vietnamese War Painting
Authors: Cotte Sabine
Published: February 2019

This article describes the research undertaken by both collector and conservator to inform the conservation of a very damaged Vietnamese war painting. Through a network of professional and human interactions (facilitated by modern technologies), the painting was reinstated at its prominent place within its historical and social context and can trigger futures collaborations.
From Roger Marijnissen’s Historical overview to the present day: some thoughts concerning half a century’s development of Conservation History as a discipline
Authors: Marvelde Mireille te
Published: February 2019

In 1965 Roger Marijnissen wrote an historical overview of the conservation profession. This survey was a first chronology that integrated the theoretical foundations of the profession with the historical conservation practice. It formed a starting point for future investigation. The present paper gives a brief overview of the developments in the study of the history of the conservation field since 1965. The overview shows that this study has become a full-fledged historical science which is constantly developing and furthers the possibility of not only increasing the knowledge of the past more and more but also to investigate it permanently from new and different perspectives.
L’Antiphonaire d’Oosteeklo et son enlumineur (Cornelia van Wulfschkercke ?)
Authors: Vanwijnsberghe Dominique
Published: February 2019

L’Antiphonaire d’Oosteeklo, conservé à la bibliothèque du Musée des Beaux-Arts de Gand, a peu retenu l’attention des historiens d’art, en dépit de son importance pour l’histoire de l’enluminure flamande. Un remarquable colophon révèle l’identité de sa commanditaire, Quentine de Mastaing, abbesse des cisterciennes d’Oosteeklo ; il donne le nom de deux copistes et l’année de réalisation du manuscrit (1498). Ses scènes historiées aussi peuvent être rattachées à une enlumineresse documentée : la fameuse Cornelia van Wulfschkercke, carmélite de Sion à Bruges, à qui un œuvre assez important a pu être donné. Cette nouvelle attribution est l’occasion de présenter deux autres manuscrits peints par la même main et d’examiner la validité d’une identification qui reste, à ce stade des recherches, une hypothèse de travail.
« Leave it or take it away »: ethical considerations on the removal of overpaintings
Authors: Martens Maximiliaan P.J.
Published: February 2019

During the current conservation of the Ghent Altarpiece, carried out by a team of KIK-IRPA, a large amount of old overpaint has been discovered. These are studied with a number of innovative analytical techniques. It is argued here that the introduction of these techniques allows for a re-evaluation of the conservation theoretical and ethical dimensions of coping with such phenomena.
La Chute d’Icare des Musées royaux des Beaux-Arts de Belgique réattribuée par l'examen de laboratoire
Authors: Kockaert Léopold
Published: February 2019

La controverse sur l'attribution de « La Chute d'Icare » des Musées Royaux des Beaux-Arts de Bruxelles a été alimentée a plusieurs reprises, notamment par une datation au radiocarbone de la première toile dont il ressort que P. Bruegel l'Ancien ne peut pas en être l'auteur ; et plus récemment par la publication d'un livre de D. Allart et C. Currie, ainsi que d'un  article de ces mêmes auteures  publié dans ces pages. Il me semble que la désattribution de cette œuvre n'est pas compatible avec certains résultats d'examen de laboratoire publiés dans la littérature. Dès lors, je propose de passer en revue les différentes études qui ont été menées sur cette œuvre et de dégager une conclusion qui se base sur leur ensemble. Prenant en compte l'analyse d'un échantillon de la peinture, je donnerai en particulier une interprétation des réflectogrammes du dessin sous-jacent qui tient compte d'une probable transposition. Je montrerai enfin comment les différents examens convergent vers la conclusion que « La Chute d'Icare » des Musées Royaux des Beaux-Arts est vraisemblablement un panneau authentique de P. Bruegel, père ou fils, qui a été fortement dénaturé par la transposition sur toile.
Degradation, Conservation, and Restoration of Works of Art: Historical Overview
Authors: Marijnissen Roger
Published: February 2019

Cet extrait présente les réflexions préliminaires à l'ouvrage Dégradation, conservation, restauration de l'œuvre d'art, Bruxelles, Arcades, 1967.
Research and Teaching – an Indispensible Requirement of Academic Conservation-Restoration Education
Authors: Dobrusskin Sebastian
Published: February 2019

The Conservation and Restoration Division at the Bern University of the Arts is reorganizing its curriculum, following its strategic plan launched in 2014. One of the goals is to strengthen the links between education and research. Several steps were undertaken to achieve this aim. These steps extend from a series of presentations on recent research topics to a joint research course at Master level.
Nitrates Induced Stress Corrosion Cracking in Tubing Connections from Oil Well
Authors: Wang Peng , Gao Gang , Xiong Mao Xian , Ji Nan , Wang Xin Hu , Feng Yao Rong
Published: February 2019

The 110 Ksi tubing failed in use when reservoir acidification reconstruction and production testing were performed in an oil well, which were longitudinal cracking of coupling. Failure analysis was conducted on the coupling. The failure zone was studied by means of macroscopic analysis, metallographic, scanning electronic microscope,energy dispersive spectrometer and X-ray diffraction analysis etc. The results indicated that the failure of the coupling is caused by stress corrosion cracking (SCC). SCC initiated from the exterior surface of coupling and displayed the fracture feature of intergranular crack propagation. The corrosion products at the grain boundaries were found to be mainly some oxides. The failure was in connection with the completion fluid composition, which are mainly nitrates.
Stress Analysis of Hollow Proppant Based on Finite Element Method
Authors: Li Xiao Gang , Liao Zi Jia , Yang Zhao Zhong , Xiong Jun Ya , Li Yu
Published: February 2019

Proppant is a key material used to support underground fractures in oil and gas reservoir stimulation. At present, the density of most proppant is so large that the settle velocity is fast, which lead to the poor transportability in the fracturing process. The ideal proppant should have a lower density, such as hollow proppant. The hollow structure reduces the proppant density, improving the proppant transportability, but affects the proppant other performances such as strength and hardness. In order to improve the problem, it is necessary to optimize the hollow structure. This paper briefly introduces the hollow proppant, and uses the finite element method to analyze the stress characteristics of proppant with different hollow radius and wall thickness. The effect of hollow structure on the proppant density, strength and hardness is discussed. The results show that: (1) the density of hollow proppant is mainly influenced by the hollow radius, (2) the stress characteristic of hollow proppant is different from solid proppant, (3) the strength of hollow proppant increases with the increase of wall thickness and hollow radius, (4) the embedded depth of hollow proppant shows linear positive correlation with the proppant size.
Mechanical Properties and Microstructure of Epoxy Resin Enhanced Oil-Well Cement Stone
Authors: He Ming Dan , Li Ming , Yu Yong Jin , Wang Hao , Xiao Wei Yuan , Yang Jun Lan
Published: February 2019

To adequately understand the waterborne epoxy resin and enhance the compressive, tensile strength of oil-well cement stone, the cement composite materials were prepared with different addition of waterborne epoxy resin, and the specimens were cured for 3days, 7 days, 14days, 28days at 50°C thermostatic water bath to test the compressive strength and tensile strength, respectively. The results showed when the content of resin emulsion is 30%, the compressive strength and tensile strength of the cement are increased by 303.09% and 306.04% compared with pure cement, respectively. Obviously, in the mechanical performance testing, oil-well cement stone modified by waterborne epoxy resin have been significantly improved compared with the pure cement. To explore the enhanced microstructure of oil-well cement modified with waterborne epoxy resin, the cement specimens were prepared with 30% waterborne epoxy resin analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM).
Preparation of Non-Fluorine Glass Ceramics from Modified Molten Blast Furnace Slag
Authors: Zhang Wen Tao , He Feng , Xie Jun Lin , Li Yun Lan , Liu Xiao Qing , Fang De , Yang Hu
Published: February 2019

Non-fluorine glass ceramics were successfully prepared from modified molten blast furnace (BF) slag. Quartz sand and Al2O3 were added as modification material. Fe2O3, TiO2, and ZrO2 were added as nucleation agents. The thermal properties of the modified BF slag and the structure of glass ceramics were investigated by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), scanning electron microscope (SEM) and X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD). The results indicated that the crystallization temperature (Tp) decreased with increasing BF slag, and the glass stability index ΔT initially decreased and then increased. As BF slag increased, the growth of akermanite in glass ceramics was enhanced, while the formation of diopside was not notably effected. The micro-hardness of glass ceramics reached 1082 Hv and the flexural strength was 70 MPa when the BF slag was 74 wt. %.
Adsorption of Congo Red from Aqueous Solution Using La/MFA Composite as Adsorbent
Authors: Li Bei Gang , Lin Xiao Hong
Published: February 2019

A novel lanthanum/modified fly ash (La/MFA) composite adsorbent prepared by simple solution reaction was used for the adsorption of Congo Red (CR) dye from aqueous solution. The morphology and particle size distribution of the composite were characterized, and the equilibrium adsorption was researched. The results show that the adsorption of CR onto La/MFA can reach equilibrium in 30 minutes. The entire adsorption process can be well described by pseudo-second-order kinetic equation at different temperatures. The value of apparent adsorption activation energy is 16.2kJ/mol. The isothermal data conform to the Langmuir model with the maximum adsorption capacity of 714 mg/g at 298K. According to the negative values of Gibbs free energy change (ΔG°) and enthalpy change (ΔH°), and reduction of Langmuir adsorption coefficient with the increase of temperature, the adsorption system from 298K to 328K is confirmed to be of spontaneous and exothermic nature. The results of SEM and particle size analysis indicate that the particle sizes and specific surface of La/MFA are smaller and coarser than those of FA. As a low-value composite adsorbent, La/MFA is especially effective for the removal of high concentration CR.
Life Cycle Assessment of Erbium Oxide and Scandium Oxide
Authors: Zhang Xu Dong , Gao Feng , Gong Xian Zheng , Wang Zhi Hong , Liu Yu
Published: February 2019

The demand for rare earths in aluminum alloy industry has experienced substantial growth in recent years. The erbium and scandium are two effective rare earth additives, mainly due to its remarkable improvement to aluminum alloy performance. However, the production process of rare earth has caused significant environmental problems. Hence, the analysis of environmental impacts associated with erbium and scandium processing is gaining importance. In this study, a life cycle analysis on the environment impacts of erbium oxide (Er2O3) and scandium oxide (Sc2O3) was carried out based on life cycle assessment (LCA) method. The life cycle assessment results showed that the production of 1 kg of Er2O3 and Sc2O3 generated 21.7 kg CO2 eq. and 743 kg CO2 eq., respectively. The leaching and purification process accounting for 95% of the overall water usage of Er2O3 production. For Sc2O3, energy and chemical consumption played a key role in reducing environmental impacts. Furthermore, Er2O3 appeared to have less environmental impact than Sc2O3 on most environmental issues. A detailed review of contribution was conducted and recommendations for further research were given.
Life Cycle Assessment of Tungsten Production in China
Authors: Lu Ke Wei , Gong Xian Zheng , Sun Bo Xue , Ding Qing
Published: February 2019

Tungsten is an important strategic metal, widely used in cemented carbide manufacturing, steel industry, and other economic fields. The amount of tungsten resource consumed in China each year accounts for more than 80% of the world’s annual total consumption. The purpose of this study is to quantify the environmental impact of tungsten production in China through the method of LCA. The result shows that, regarding the contributions of impact categories, the normalized value of HTP is the largest one among various impact categories, which accounts for 35.39% of the total environmental impact, followed by AP, PMFP, GWP, MDP, FDP, and POFP, respectively. The results also show that, regarding the contributions of production processes, smelting process is the largest contributor to the environmental burden of tungsten production due to the crystallization and calcination reduction occurred in the smelting process consumes a large amount of electricity, followed by mining, beneficiation, and transportation, respectively. The major academic contribution of this paper to the existing literatures is that we employed process-based analysis method, which could improve the accuracy of the study and provide practical advices for tungsten enterprises to reduce the environmental impact.
Study on Typical Visible Light Photocatalytic Liquid under the Life Cycle Assessment
Authors: Zhang Yan Jiao , Liu Wen Xiu , Cao Wen Bin , Zhao Chun Zhi , Peng Jia Jun
Published: February 2019

With people's increasing demands for the improvement of air quality and quality of life, the demand for new decorative materials with air purification function will be increasing. This study is based on a life cycle assessment (LCA)-based approach to develop a list of resources, energy consumption and pollutant emissions in the life cycle of typical visible light photocatalytic liquid products, to calculate the important environmental impact of visible light photocatalytic liquid products, and to analyze and identify the critical stages affecting environmental performance of product, to guide the selection of green buildings and the development of ecological building materials. The results show that, for the purpose of visible light photocatalytic liquid, the global warming potential is 40.97kgCO2 equivalent/t, the abiotic depletion potential is 9.34×10-5kgSb equivalent/t, the respiratory inorganic index is 7.88×10-2kgPM2.5 equivalent/t, and the eutrophication is 4.13×10-2kgPO43-equivalent/t, acidification effect is 0.34kgSO2 equivalent/t; and the environmental impact in the product life cycle for the purpose of this study are mainly resulted from energy use, and transport process represents the main stage of eutrophication.
Study of Technical Specification Development for Ready-Mixed Concrete Type III Environmental Declarations
Authors: Zhang Yan Jiao , Ma Li Ping , Jiang Quan , Zhao Chun Zhi
Published: February 2019

In order to address increasingly serious global environmental problems and intensified international trade barriers as well as the promotion of production processes by enterprises for the improvement of environmental impacts, Type III Environmental Declaration has emerged in response to the proper time and conditions and gradually developed into an important mean to solve environmental problems.This study, based on the principles and requirements stated in ISO 14025, takes ready-mixed concrete products as the example to discuss about the formulation of technical specifications for life cycle assessment of the ready-mixed concrete, in order to provide methodological basis and technical support for the formulation of technical specifications for the life cycle assessment of other domestic products as well as for the assessment of Type III Environmental Declaration.
Preparation of Regenerated Cathode Material Lithium Nickel Cobalt Oxide LiNi0.7Co0.3O2 Form Spent Lithium-Ion Battery
Authors: Wang Yue Hua , Ma Li Wen , Zhang Yun He , Huang Zhao Jie , Xi Xiao Li
Published: February 2019

With the development of new energy vehicles, urgent issues have attracted considerable attention. Some power batteries have entered the scrapping period, with the imperative recycling of used power batteries. Some studies have predicted that by 2020, the amount of power lithium battery scrap will reach 32.2 GWh, corresponding to ~500,000 tons, and by 2023, the scrap will reach 101 GWh, corresponding to ~1.16 million tons. In this study, nickel-cobalt-lithium LiNi0.7Co0.3O2cathode materials are regenerated from spent lithium-ion battery cathode materials as the raw material, which not only aids in the reduction of pressure on the environment but also leads to the recycling of resources. First, extraction is employed using extracting agent p204 to remove aluminum ions from an acid leaching solution. Extraction conditions for aluminum ions are: include a phase ratio of 1:2,a pH of 3, an extractant concentration of 30%, and a saponification rate of 70%.Next, the precursor was prepared by co-precipitation using sodium hydroxide and ammonia water as the precipitant and complexion agents, respectively; hence, the cathode material can be uniformly mixed at the atomic level. The precursor and lithium hydroxide were subjected to calcination at high temperature using a high-temperature solid-phase method. The Calcination conditions include an air atmosphere ; a calcination temperature of 800° °C ; a calcination time of 15 h, an n (precursor): n (lithium hydroxide) ratio of 1:1.1.The Thermogravimetric analysis revealed that the synthesis temperature should not exceed 850°C. X-ray diffraction analysis, scanning electron microscopy, and energy spectrum analysis of the cathode material revealed a composition comprising Li, Ni, and Co oxides. After analysis, the material obtained is lithium nickel-cobalt-oxide, LiNi0.7Co0.3O2, which is a positive electrode material with good crystallinity and a regular layered structure.
Study on Movement of Particles in RF Plasma Deposition Process
Authors: Sun Yuan Cheng , Song Xue Fu , Du Xiu Rong , Zhang Xiao Qiang , Hua Ning
Published: February 2019

The motion behavior of nanoparticles in rf plasma deposition process is important to deposition quality and efficiency. Temperature and flow field were calculated by CFD method and motion of particles with different diameter (100 μm, 10 μm, 0.1 μm and 0.01 μm) in rf plasma deposition process were studied. The result shows that the carrier gas flow may influence the temperature of substrate surface and influents the velocity field and movement of particles significantly. Particles with the same diameter can easily go throw the plasma and deposit on the substrate by improving the flow of carrier gas. Increasing of feeding pipe can strengthen movement of particles but decrease the temperature of substrate at the same time. The larger diameter of particles, the easier of it to go throw the plasma and deposit on the substrate because of its mobility following the airflow.
Synthesis and Preparation of Al-MCM-41 Mesoporous Materials Using Oil Shale Residue
Authors: Wang Rong , Lin Zhi Xiang , Zhao Yang , Xu Xiao Dong , Deng Yan Xi
Published: February 2019

An Al-supported cage-like mesoporous silica type MCM-41 has been prepared using a simple one-step synthetic procedure using oil shale residue and CTAB(Hexadecyl trimethyl Ammonium Bromide) as the template. The effects of temperature on the porosity, structure and surface area of Al-MCM-41 mesoporous materials were characterized by X-ray powder diffraction, N2adsorption desorption, scanning electron micrographs (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) techniques and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). The results indicated that temperature was a key to the characteristics of Al-MCM-41 materials, and when the temperature up to 333 K, Al-MCM-41 exhibited excellent characteristics with high degree of order, high surface area and pore volume. The one-step hydrothermal synthesized MCM-41 mesoporous material possessed high BET surface area, high pore size and high pore volume. They are respectively 835.1 m2/g, 32.6 Å and 1.22 cm3/g under the condition of the Si : Al =78:1, pH =10, crystallization temperature was 333K, crystallization time was 48h and calcination at 823 K for 5 h in air. All the results indicated the possibility of using oil shale residue as silicon and aluminum source to produce Al-MCM-41, and gave us a new way to recycle a solid waste. As well as this made it impossible to large-scale production of Al-MCM-41. Keywords: Al-MCM-41 mesoporous materials, oil shale residue, one-step synthesis
Numerical Simulation of Internal Flow Field in Blast Furnace Slag Dry Granulating Device
Authors: Wang Rui Yun , Yin Jin Yu , Cui Su Ping
Published: February 2019

In this paper, CFD numerical simulation method was adopted to study the internal flow field of experimental dry granulating device of blast furnace slag and to research the impact of equipment structure and wind speed on cooling effectiveness. Main content included the internal flow field uniformity under different blade type and number of inlets. The results showed that the internal flow field in strip-blades device was more uniform than fan-shaped blades device. With the increase of air inlets quantity, the internal flow field in device became more uniform and stable, especially when there were 8 air inlets in the equipment.
A Novel Approach for the Recycling and Reusing of Silicon Slurry Waste
Authors: Hu He Long , Li Hai Bin , Yu Wen Jun , Jiao Yong Zhen , Dong Ting Yi , Lv Bao Guo , Sun Jia Lin
Published: February 2019

In silicon wafer manufacturing for solar cells, the hazardous sawing waste results in serious environmental problems. In this paper, a novel approach for the recycling and reusing of slurry waste is reported. The results show that slurry waste is recycled and reused completely, and composite material of Si3N4-Si2N2O-SiC is prepared. The residual gas from oxygen enrich gas production is used, which reduced cost effectively. In addition, the reaction is exothermic, which is also energy saving and ensure the production to be continuous without external heat source. The mechanism was also discussed in this paper.