bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Names Of The Diseases In Ibn Sina’s “The Canon Of Medicine” (Persian Translation) And The Structure Of The Terms Used In Medicine
Authors:   Master’s Student Of Tashkent State University Of Oriental Studies, Uzbekistan, Oripova Husnida Yusubovna , Kuronbekov Ahmadjon ,   Professor Of Tashkent State University Of Oriental Studies, Uzbekistan
Published: May 2021

The article deals with the names of diseases and the structure of medical terms in Ibn Sina's “The Canon of Medicine” (Persian translation).
Innovative Approaches In The Professional Activity Of Public Education Specialists
Authors:   A.Avloni Public Education Problems And Establish A Research Institution –Investigators, Uzbekistan, Abubakirova Sh.U.
Published: May 2021

One of the main tasks of a methodologist is to help teachers organize their work on a scientific basis. The job of the Methodists is to help the teacher achieve the objectives of the lesson in the process of educating the students.
Learning In Business English
Authors:   Jizzax Polytechnic Institute Assistant, Jizzakh City, Uzbekistan, Oglu Rakhimov Adham Barat
Published: May 2021

The article considers the peculiarities of teaching Business English. The author distinguishes two groups of students and suggests approaches and tips for facilitating learning Business English for students with poor linguistic background.
Listening skills of schoolchildren as an important factor of understanding and contemplation
Authors:   Senior Teacher, Namangan State University, Uzbekistan, Sabitovich Abdurahmanov Bahrom
Published: May 2021

Oral speech presupposes the presence of listeners, IE. in its essence, it is intended for interpretation. Oral treatment of people is of great importance to the ability to listen traditionally in different situations. Of course, the ability to listen to the interlocutor without interrupting his speech is great in business relations, and sometimes plays a decisive role: business conversations, negotiations, discussions, disputes. Another point for business communication is very relevant: in the process of communication, General Knowledge, Common Interests, goals and mutual understanding are the starting points of effective speech communication, which form the "speech plan" and "audience plan". When these plans coincide, an ideal situation is created for the perception of oral speech, which is associated with a certain influence on the consciousness and feelings of the audience.
The neritid snails of Brunei Darussalam: their geographical, ecological and conservation significance
Authors: Mustapha Nurshahida , Baharuddin Nursalwa , Tan Siong Kiat , Marshall David J.
Published: May 2021

Neritid snails are diverse and conspicuous in tropical coastal environments. They can serve as indicators of environmental change and can provide conservation information. In the present review of the neritid species of Brunei Darussalam, we report sixteen species, including seven new records from estuarine, mangrove and rocky-shore habitats. These records update distributions across the Central Indo-Pacific realm, specifically the Palawan/North Borneo ecoregion. Under-sampling, species misidentifications and locally-rare species undermine the accuracy of records in previous studies for the region. Three of the rocky-shore and two of the mangrove species collected here are represented by single specimens; these rocky-shore species are possible colonizers from neighbouring regions and the scarcity of the mangrove species likely refers to under-sampling. We present novel shell characteristics that readily distinguish between Neripteron violaceum and Nerip. cornucopia. We describe the ecology and habitat use of the Brunei species and discuss conservation issues.
Hybrid RRT-A*: An Improved Path Planning Method for an Autonomous Mobile Robots
Authors: Al-Ansarry Suhaib , Al-Darraji Salah
Published: May 2021

Although the Basic RRT algorithm is considered a traditional search method, it has been widely used in the field of robot path planning (manipulator and mobile robot), especially in the past decade. This algorithm has many features that give it superiority over other methods. On the other hand, the Basic RRT suffers from a bad convergence rate (it takes a long time until finding the goal point), especially in environments with cluttered obstacles, or whose targets are located in narrow passages. Many studies have discussed this problem in recent years. This paper introduces an improved method called (Hybrid RRT-A*) to overcome the shortcomings of the original RRT, specifically slow convergence and cost rate. The heuristic function of A-star algorithm is combined with RRT to decrease tree expansion and guide it towards the goal with less nodes and time. Various experiments have been conducted with different environment scenarios to compare the proposed method with the Basic RRT and A-star under the same conditions, which have shown remarkable performance. The time consumed to find the path of the worst one of these scenarios is about 4.9 seconds, whereas it is 18.3 and 34 for A-star and RRT, respectively.
Arch villains
Authors: Payne Richard
Published: May 2021

The privatisation of railway arches, which has led to big rent hikes and many small-business closures, is an example of asset-based capital in action. Arch Co were able to buy a 150-year lease of the arches because of successive governments' massive programme of privatisation of publicly
owned land. It is jointly owned by Blackstone and Telereal Trillium, two global property companies. Blackstone CEO is Steve Schwarzman, formerly of Lehman Brothers and a Trump ally. Telereal Trillium is owned by the William Pears property group, whose advisor, Lord Griffiths, was one of the
Goldman Sachs executives involved in the Malaysian 1MDB scandal.
Voyages du capitaine Lemuel Gulliver en divers pays éloignés
Authors: Swift Jonathan
Published: May 2021

Les Voyages de Gulliver de Jonathan Swift furent publiés anonymement en 1726 et ﬁrent sensation dès leur publication. Cet ouvrage relatant les voyages imaginaires du héros dans des contrées lointaines peuplées d’êtres extraordinaires est devenu un des classiques de la littérature pour enfants. Toutefois ce n’est pas tant cet aspect qui lui valut son succès que la satire acerbe qui se fait jour au fur et à mesure des tribulations d’un Gulliver qui, en rencontrant géants, minuscules humains, immortels ou animaux savants, est amené à porter un nouveau regard sur son pays, ses coutumes, sa politique et ses croyances.Cet ouvrage présente la toute première traduction, anonyme, des Voyages de Gulliver (janvier 1727). La notoriété de l’abbé Desfontaines qui en publia une autre trois mois plus tard éclipsa cette première version qui, tout en respectant le raﬃnement stylistique du « bon goût » français, est néanmoins bien plus ﬁdèle à l’original que celle qui lui succéda.La série Imprimatur présente de grandes œuvres de la littérature étrangère dans la première traduction française qui en fut donnée ; cette traduction permet de renouer avec une esthétique qui préfère souvent le style à la ﬁdélité, et de retrouver le texte tel qu’il apparut aux lecteurs contemporains.
Chapitre I
Authors: Swift Jonathan
Published: May 2021

Qui est l’auteur de ce Voyage et de quelle famille. Premiers motifs qui le portèrent à voyager. Il fait naufrage et se sauve à la nage sur la côte de Lilliput ; est fait prisonnier et amené plus avant dans le pays.
Chapitre III
Authors: Swift Jonathan
Published: May 2021

Étrange manière dont l’auteur divertit l’empereur et la noblesse de l’un et l’autre sexe de la cour de Lilliput. Autres divertissements de cette cour. L’auteur est mis en liberté à de certaines conditions.
Chapitre VI
Authors: Swift Jonathan
Published: May 2021

Sciences, lois et coutumes des habitants de Lilliput. Manière d’élever leurs enfants. Comment l’auteur vivait en ce pays. Justification d’une des premières dames de la cour.
Chapitre VIII
Authors: Swift Jonathan
Published: May 2021

Par un bonheur singulier, l’auteur trouve moyen de quitter Blefuscu et, après avoir surmonté quelques difficultés, revient sain et sauf dans sa patrie.
Chapitre II
Authors: Swift Jonathan
Published: May 2021

Description de la fille du fermier. L’auteur est mené à une ville prochaine et ensuite à la capitale. Particularités de ce voyage.
Chapitre III
Authors: Swift Jonathan
Published: May 2021

L’auteur est conduit à la cour. La reine l’achète du fermier et le présente au roi. Il dispute avec les professeurs de Sa Majesté ; est logé à la cour et fort dans les bonnes grâces de la reine. Il défend l’honneur de sa patrie et a querelle avec le nain de la reine.
Chapitre VI
Authors: Swift Jonathan
Published: May 2021

L’auteur tâche par toutes sortes de moyens de s’acquérir la bienveillance du roi et de la reine. Il fait paraître son habileté dans la musique. Le roi s’informe de l’état de l’Europe et l’auteur satisfait amplement sa curiosité. Réflexions du roi sur ce que l’auteur vient de lui raconter.
Chapitre VIII
Authors: Swift Jonathan
Published: May 2021

Le roi et la reine font un tour vers les frontières ; l’auteur a l’honneur de les accompagner. De quelle manière il quitta ce pays. Il revient en Angleterre.
Chapitre IX
Authors: Swift Jonathan
Published: May 2021

L’auteur revient à Maldonada et fait voile pour le Royaume de Luggnagg. Il y est mis en prison et ensuite envoyé à la cour. Manière dont il y est admis. Extrême clémence du roi envers ses sujets.
Chapitre I
Authors: Swift Jonathan
Published: May 2021

L’auteur entreprend un voyage en qualité de capitaine d’un vaisseau. Ses gens conspirent contre lui, le tiennent pendant quelque temps renfermé dans sa cabane et le mettent à terre dans un pays inconnu. Il avance dans le pays. Description d’un étrange animal nommé yahoo. L’auteur rencontre deux Houyhnhnms.
Chapitre II
Authors: Swift Jonathan
Published: May 2021

Un Houyhnhnm conduit l’auteur à sa maison. Description de cette maison. Manière dont l’auteur y est reçu. Nourriture des Houyhnhnms. L’auteur pourvu d’aliments après avoir craint d’en manquer. Manière dont il se nourrissait dans ce pays.
Chapitre III
Authors: Swift Jonathan
Published: May 2021

L’auteur s’applique à apprendre la langue du pays et son maître le Houyhnhnm lui en donne des leçons. Description de cette langue. Plusieurs Houyhnhnms de qualité viennent par curiosité voir l’auteur. Il fait à son maître un récit abrégé de son voyage.
Chapitre IV
Authors: Swift Jonathan
Published: May 2021

Notion des Houyhnhnms touchant le vrai et le faux. Discours de l’auteur désapprouvé par son maître. L’auteur entre dans un plus grand détail sur lui-même et sur les accidents de son voyage.
Chapitre VIII
Authors: Swift Jonathan
Published: May 2021

Détail touchant les yahoos. Excellentes qualités des Houyhnhnms. Quelle éducation ils reçoivent et à quels exercices ils s’appliquent dans leur jeunesse. Leur assemblée générale.
Chapitre IX
Authors: Swift Jonathan
Published: May 2021

Grand débat dans l’assemblée générale des Houyhnhnms et de quelle manière il fut terminé. Sciences qui sont en vogue parmi eux. Leurs bâtiments. Manière dont ils enterrent leurs morts. Imperfection de leur langage.
Chapitre X
Authors: Swift Jonathan
Published: May 2021

Quelle heureuse vie l’auteur menait parmi les Houyhnhnms. Progrès qu’il fait dans la vertu en conversant avec eux. Leurs conversations. L’auteur est informé par son maître qu’il faut qu’il quitte le pays. Il s’évanouit de douleur et après avoir repris ses sens promet d’obéir. Il vient à bout de faire un canot et met en mer à l’aventure.
Do gene-environment interactions play a role in COVID-19 distribution? The case of Alpha-1 Antitrypsin, air pollution and COVID-19
Authors: Murgia Nicola , Corsico Angelo Guido , D'Amato Gennaro , Maesano Cara Nichole , Tozzi Arturo , Annesi Maesano Isabella
Published: May 2021

Background: Gene-environment interactions are relevant for several respiratory diseases. This communication raises the hypothesis that the severity of COVID-19, a complex disease where the individual response to the infection may play a significant role, could partly result from a gene-environment interaction between air-pollution and Alpha-1 Antitrypsin (AAT) genes.Methods: To evaluate the impact of the AAT and air pollution interaction on COVID-19, we introduced an AAT*air pollution global risk score summing together, in each country, an air pollution score (ozone, nitrogen dioxide and fine particulate matter) and an AAT score (which sums the ranked frequency of MZ, SZ, MS). We compared this global score with the ranking of European countries in terms of death number per million persons.Results: The ranking of the AAT*air pollution global risk score matched the ranking of the countries in terms of the observed COVID-19 deaths per 1M inhabitants namely in the case of the first European countries:  Belgium, UK, Spain, Italy, Sweden, France. We observed parallelism between the number of COVID deaths and the AAT*air pollution global risk in Europe. AAT anti-protease, immune-modulating and coagulation-modulating activities may explain this finding, although very speculatively.Conclusions: Even if further studies taking into account genetic background, population density, temporal dynamics of individual epidemics, access to healthcare, social disparities and immunological response to SARS-CoV2 are needed, our preliminary observation, urges to open a discussion on gene-environment interactions in COVID-19.
A comparison of postural and diurnal variations in intraocular pressure using the iCare rebound tonometer and Perkins applanation tonometer in admitted adults in Kenya
Authors: Chikasirimobi Timothy G. , Ndinyo Mercy , Ondieki Maxine N. , Miti Isaac , Ejiochi-Iyoke Ndidi J. , Osuagwu Uchechukwu L. , Zeried Ferial M. , Agho Kingsley , Ogbuehi Kelechi C. , Mashige Khathutshelo P.
Published: May 2021

Background: Elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) remained the most important known risk factor for glaucoma.Aim: To compare the postural and diurnal IOP variations using the iCare rebound tonometer (RT) and Perkins applanation tonometer (PAT).Setting: Kakamega County Hospital, Kenya.Methods: Elevated intraocular pressure measurements were taken by two (masked) examiners with two devices in the morning (06:00–09:00), midday (12:00–15:00) and evening (18:00–21:00), in the sitting followed by supine positions in one randomly selected eye of 24 oculo-visual healthy hospital-admitted patients. Effects of the time of the day and position of the body within and between devices were analysed with the Statistical Package for Social Sciences.Results: The mean IOP measured by the RT ranged from 6 mmHg to 24 millimetres of mercury (mmHg) in the sitting position and from 10 mmHg to 26 mmHg in the supine position. The mean IOP measured using PAT ranged from 6 mmHg to 21 mmHg in the sitting position and from 8 mmHg to 24 mmHg in the supine position. The IOP measured by both devices significantly varied with position (p 0.05). Perkins applanation tonometer on average gave a significantly higher IOP (1.7 mmHg [p = 0.003] and 1.3 mmHg [p = 0.034]) at 06:00 compared to that at 12:00 and 18:00, respectively. The IOP readings with the RT were on average 2.2 mmHg and 3.0 mmHg higher at 06:00 compared to that at 12:00 and 18:00, respectively (p 0.0005).Conclusion: Significant reductions were observed in postural and diurnal IOPs in the sitting positions and in the afternoon, respectively. Diurnal IOP variations were slightly higher when measured by RT compared to when measured by PAT.
Erratum: An analysis of the effects of equalisation funds on service delivery in selected local authorities in Zambia
Authors: Kazonga Eustarckio
Published: May 2021

No abstract available.
Expression of epithelial–mesenchymal transition biomarkers
Authors: Harb Ola A. , Elfeky Mariem A. , El-Beshbishi Wafaa , Obaya Ahmed A. , Abdallah Wael M. , Ibrahim Amr , Awd Amr A. , Embaby Ahmed
Published: May 2021

Context:

Discoidin domain receptor 2 (DDR-2), which belongs to the receptor tyrosine kinase family, Snail-1, which is a member of zinc-finger transcription factor family, and Ovol-2, which is a member of Ovol family, are incriminated in epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) during cancer progression.

Aim:

In the current study, we aim to clarify the extent to which EMT biomarkers, DDR-2, Snail-1, and Ovol-2 expression, are involved in the progression of EOC aiming at identification of novel markers for predicting the prognosis of EOC patients.

Settings and Design:

This was a prospective cohort that was performed in the Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University.

Materials and Methods:

We evaluated DDR-2, Snail-1, and Ovol-2 expression in 60 patients of EOC using immunohistochemistry. We followed our patients for about 36 months and analyzed the relationship between markers expression and the prognosis of patients.

Statistical Analysis Used:

SPSS program (Statistical Package for the Social Sciences).

Results:

High expression of both DDR-2 and Snail-1 was related to higher grade (P = 0.006) and advanced FIGO stage of the tumor (P < 0.001). Ovol-2 high expression was associated with lower grade of the tumor (P = 0.002) and early stage of the tumor (P < 0.001). High Ovol-2 and low DDR2 and Snail-1 expression were strongly correlated with better response to therapy (P = 0.003 and 0.005, respectively) and increased 3-year survival rates (P < 0.001).

Conclusion:

DDR-2 and Snail-1 are markers of poor prognosis in EOC while Ovol-2 is a marker of good prognosis.
Re-orienting The Male Gaze and Subversion of Gender Roles in Delarivier Manley’s The Royal Mischief
Authors: KILIÇ Volkan
Published: May 2021

Women’s professional involvement in drama dates back to the restoration period in England, during which female dramatists emerged in English drama both as playwrights and actresses. The plays written by the female dramatists included mostly domestic issues, modesty, obedience, and chastity in the early restoration period, following the traits of the patriarchal authors depicting women within the limits of female virtue. Aphra Behn emerged as one of the most important and well-known dramatists of her period, who later encouraged a group of female dramatists, including Delarivier Manley, Catherine Trotter, and Mary Pix. These dramatists demonstrated female solidarity and contributed to each other’s writing, giving way to the rise of the early feminist drama in England through their plays on the question of women and their conditions in the society, challenging the patriarchal discourse. They also adopted a more radical voice sometimes by subverting the established gender roles and male gaze at times. Furthermore, these female dramatists mostly parodied and subverted traditional male libertinism as appeared in many of the restoration comedies and tragedies. Delarivier Manley, in this respect, wrote a series of plays in the direction of “proto-feminist” discourse and reversed the gender roles by giving voice to the female protagonists in her plays, especially in The Royal Mischief.
Appréciation du degré de gravité en neuropsychologie et estimation de la capacité de travail
Authors: Verdon Vincent , Candal Alexia
Published: May 2021

Cet article propose et présente un système d’évaluation permettant d’estimer le degré de gravité des troubles neuropsychologiques. Il englobe notamment des critères spécifiques permettant de déterminer l’intensité d’un trouble neuropsychologique et ses répercussions sur la capacité fonctionnelle et la capacité de travail. Cette nouvelle taxonomie s’appuie sur la table 8 de la Suva, destinée à évaluer les complications psychiques de lésions cérébrales en fonction de critères précis. Contrairement à la table 8 de la Suva, ce nouveau système d’évaluation est indépendant du lien de causalité établi selon la Loi sur l'assurance accident en Suisse. Cette indépendance lui permet d’être également utilisé dans d’autres contextes « assécurologiques » et pour diverses étiologies, tout en dépassant la dichotomie traditionnelle entre pathologies organiques et non organiques. Ce nouvel ensemble de critères a aussi pour but d’améliorer la fiabilité interévaluateurs dans le processus d’évaluation de la gravité d’un trouble neuropsychologique et de sa répercussion fonctionnelle.
Suivez mon regard : vers une utilisation de l’oculométrie en pratique clinique courante
dans l’évaluation de la négligence spatiale unilatérale
Authors: Wauquiez Grégoire , Billebeau Florine , Casillas Jean-Marie , Laroche Davy , Gueugnon Mathieu
Published: May 2021

La négligence spatiale unilatérale (NSU) est un trouble de la cognition spatiale fréquent et invalidant à la suite d’une lésion cérébrale. Les épreuves papier-crayon classiquement utilisées pour l’évaluer sont néanmoins critiquées pour leur manque de sensibilité. De récents travaux suggèrent que l’oculométrie pourrait pallier ces limites. Toutefois, sa complexité et son coût en restreignent l’utilisation en pratique clinique. Un protocole simplifié basé sur un matériel d’oculométrie destiné à l’usage individuel avec exploration visuelle libre d’une image a été proposé à dix patients cérébrolésés droits. Un index spatial illustrant un biais attentionnel a été calculé selon la répartition des points de fixation. Les résultats ont montré une bonne faisabilité auprès de patients hétérogènes et une forte concordance entre cette procédure et les épreuves classiques de détection de la NSU. Ces données renforcent l'intérêt de l’utilisation d’un protocole d’oculométrie simplifié basé sur un matériel abordable dans l’évaluation de la NSU en pratique courante.
URBANIZATION IN BANGLADESH: EMERGING CHALLENGES AND THE WAY FORWARD
Authors: Lipi Afroza Islam , Hasan Nazmul
Published: May 2021

Urbanization is a natural process of the population shift from rural to urban territories. More specifically, urbanization is a process of migration of population from rural to urban areas as well as the transformation of society where the rural agricultural economy is being transformed to advance the industrial economy.  A major change to be witnessed in Bangladesh over the last few decades is the rapid spread of urbanization. Multiple driving factors paved the way for spreading the rapid growth of urbanization in Bangladesh. If this spread is not effectively managed, emerging challenges like spatial imbalance, environmental challenges, weak policy framework, challenges of sustainable cities, urban poverty, urban health issues, etc are likely to grow. This study aims at exploring the emerging challenges of urbanization in Bangladesh. It also explores the way forward to face the emerging challenges. This study has been conducted depending on qualitative and descriptive analysis. It is mainly based on secondary data. Available books, journals, documents, newspapers, data, reports, and magazine articles are reviewed in detail as a secondary source. In the findings of the study, the rapid growth trend has been critically examined. Besides emerging challenges of urbanization in Bangladesh have been identified. Finally, some recommendations have been put forward to overcome the emerging challenges of urbanization in Bangladesh. 

JEL Classification Codes: D8, O15, O18.
Effect of Designing and Implementing Nursing Guidelines on Nurses' Performance in Caring Women with Ectopic Pregnancy
Authors: Mohamed Hanan A. F. , Fayed Mahmoud R. , Abd El Meneam Somaya O. , El-Sayed Ola M.
Published: May 2021

Context: Ectopic pregnancy is a condition presenting as a significant health problem for women of the childbearing period. Ectopic pregnancy remains one of the primary causes of maternal mortality.

Aim: The study aimed to evaluate the effect of nursing guidelines for improving maternity nurses' performance regarding ectopic pregnancy.

Methods: A quasi-experimental design used to achieve the aim of the study. The study conducted at Obstetrics and Gynecology Department at Benha University Hospital. A convenient sample of all nurses (90 nurses) working in Obstetrics and Gynecology departments at Benha university hospital. Tools of data collection included a structured self-administrated questionnaire to assess nurses' knowledge regarding ectopic pregnancy, an observational checklist to evaluate nursing practice regarding ectopic pregnancy before and after the implementation of the nursing guidelines.

Results: shows that 78.9% of the studied nurses had total incorrect knowledge pre-program, which improved to 88.9% of them, had correct knowledge post-program. The study also shows that 47.2% of the studied nurses had unsatisfactory total practice score pre-program, which improved to 54.4%  of the studied nurses had high satisfactory total practice post-program. There was a highly statistically significant difference before and after nursing guidelines of the studied nurses’ knowledge and practice regarding ectopic pregnancy (P ≤ 0.001).

Conclusion: The study concluded that nursing guidelines have a positive effect on the nurses' performance in terms of their knowledge and practice regarding ectopic pregnancy. The study recommended that simple guidelines regarding ectopic pregnancy nursing care should be distributed to nurses in the emergency obstetrics department to standardized and optimized nursing care provided to women with ectopic pregnancy. Continuous refreshment courses and follows up programs for nurses regarding ectopic pregnancy.
Child Abuse and Aggressive Behavior among Primary School Children
Authors: Kotb Fatma N. , Ahmed Sanaa M.
Published: May 2021

Context: Child abuse considered all forms of physical, emotional, sexual abuse, and neglect. Child abuse identified to threaten development, health, dignity, or even survival. Many abused children have ongoing troubles with relationships, trust in others, difficulties at school, and exhibiting aggressive behavior or act nasty towards other children and animals.

Aim: This study aimed to investigate the relationship between child abuse and aggressive behavior among primary school children. Subjects and methods: A descriptive correlational research design utilized to achieve the aim of this study.  This research carried out in four schools from an urban and rural area in Minia city. A stratified sample of 150 children in grade six in primary school recruited in the current study. Three tools used to collect data of this study include the Socio-demographic Questionnaire, Child Abuse Scale, and Children Aggressive Behavior Scale.

Results: The current study revealed that about two-thirds of the sample was girls 65.3%, and more than half of them had high levels of child abuse, and aggression at 63.3% & 58.7% respectively. There was a significant positive correlation between child abuse and aggression among primary school children.

Conclusion: The current study concluded that primary school children have a positive connection between child abuse and their aggressive behavior. The study recommended that a counseling program for parent and teachers about the negative impact of child abuse and how to deal effectively with child aggression. Teaching parenting strategies such as alternatives to physical punishment is essential in reducing the recurrence of physical abuse, and that this may enhance parental self-management.
Promoting Health Practices of Teenage Mothers Regarding Health Care of Their Infants
Authors: Elgendy Faten K. , Abd ElMoneem Hemat M. , Emam Amal K. A.
Published: May 2021

Context: The care the infant receives depends a lot on the knowledge, skills of the mother. The teenage mothers are supposed to be lacking in knowledge; practices of infant care need to improve their knowledge and practice for their infants.

Aim: This study aimed to evaluate promoting health practices of teenage mothers regarding the health care of their infants.

Methods: A quasi-experimental design applied to achieve the objective of the study. The study conducted in MCH centers (El Azab Health Center) located in Cairo governorate. A convenience sample of 124 teenage mothers recruited in this study. They are aged between 16-20 years and have an infant from 1 month to 18 months — three tools used for data collection. The first tool was a structured interview questionnaire, which consists of three parts includes socio-demographic data of teenage mothers and the characteristics of infants, second part included questions about teenage mothers' knowledge about their infant health care, third part includes questions about infant medical history. The second tool includes a checklist of teenage mothers practices related to the care of their infants and the third tool includes infant physical assessment.

Results: The main results of study revealed that near two thirds (65.3%) of the teenage mothers had good knowledge and more than three-fifths of them (61.3%) can done practices acceptably toward their infant care post-program. There was a statistically significant relation between teenage mothers' knowledge and practice regarding their infants care post-program at p=0.89.

Conclusion: Most teenage mothers post-program had a higher level of knowledge and practices regarding their infant care compared to the pre-programmed. The study recommended that special attention should be directed to teenage mothers and their infants to promote their knowledge and practices through a health education programs for teenage mothers who should be informed about all aspects of infants care in antenatal clinics, antenatal counseling, and postnatal classes.
Impact of Biophilic Design on Health and Wellbeing
Authors:   Amity School of Architecture and Planning, Amity University Chhattisgarh, Sahu Geetika
Published: May 2021

A growing body of an individual indicates that the modern world has been disconnecting from nature which is having a negative impact on human health and wellbeing. The biophilic theory is the newest also it is least understood, but it holds a lot of potentials. A deeper explanation is required to understand the concept of biophilic. The theory of this study leads to positive answers even on emotional conditions, regarding human performance and health. The study expands the current understanding of the role of the environment in human nature and health. Biophilic has an extensive scope of applicability in various domains of architectural spaces like residential, commercial, and institutional building uses also having various types of health benefits related to various problems of a particular territory. The study aims to assess the impact of biophilic design on environment knowledge and relation with nature. The movement aims to build an energy-efficient building and develop environmentally friendly by managing natural resources effectively. Also, analyze the impact of biophilic design and its relationship with environmental awareness and nature. The study resulted that health and nature are related to god’s faith. It gives a huge positive impact and nature cannot be ignored as a valuable source of health and happiness.
The Judicial and Legislative System in the Society of Prof. Momchil Dobrev’s and by Prof. Mariola Garibova-Dobrev’s Theory of Socio- Humanism - Against the Judiciary of the Global Mafia Masonic Elite and its Deep Rule
Authors:   Scientific Research Institute Dobrev & Halachev.JSC., Sofia.Bulgaria, Dobrev-Halachev Lord Prof. PhD PhD Momtchil
Published: May 2021

Lord Prof. PhD PhD Momtchil Dobrev-Halachev and Prof. Mariola Garibova-DObreva developed 2006 Theory of socio-humanism by developing the creation of a new human society with a new political, economic, social, health, educational, environmental system, a new system of control of political and other decisions - direct democracy, creating a system of direct democracy in the judiciary, in the legislative system, Prof. Momchil Dobrev and Prof. Mariola Garibova created in 2006. "Theory of degree of justice / injustice /" as well as "Theory of the degree of democracy" based on their practice in court, prosecution, state and especially the practice of Prof. Mariola Garibova-Dobreva as a judge with decades of experience as such as a civil and a criminal judge. Prof. Momchil Dobrev co-founded 2003 Theory of Corruption and Theory of the Mafia and Theory and Practice of Mafia, which contribute to clearing the Theory of the Degree of Justice / Injustice.
Public-Private Partnership Projects in Bangladesh: The Performance of Public Sector
Authors:   Assistant Director, Rural Development Academy(RDA), Bogura, Bangladesh, Ahmad Maruf
Published: May 2021

The government of Bangladesh recognizes public-private partnerships (PPPs) as a strong catalyst for implementing infrastructure projects. The study conducted to assess the performance of the public sector and measure the cost of service with service quality in infrastructure projects under PPP. The survey focused on 35 government and nongovernment officials from PPP implementing agencies and academicians using a structured questionnaire. The performance of the public sector was assessed with 16 selected indicators. Among them Performances of the public sector in case of land acquisition for infrastructure, exemption of taxes and import duties, linked project, addressing socioeconomic issues were good enough. The findings of the study also revealed that the public sector’s performances in coordination, environmental relationship and communications, interorganizational trust and satisfaction level of the private sector are low. Besides this cost of providing service under PPP projects are increases but customers are satisfied with the higher paid services. Considering the views that starting PPP with weak coordination, lower inter-organizational trust, lower satisfaction level of the private sector, the Government of Bangladesh should take initiative for improving trust through open dialogue with the private sector and through developing a social audit model for PPP implementation.
Cellular Phone Text Messaging Patterns & Teenagers of Southern Punjab: A Using and Gratification Analysis
Authors: Ali Shahzad , Sohail Faryal , Bhutta Muhammad Makkey
Published: May 2021

The modifications in mobile phone technology have transformed the trends of people in Pakistan, particularly teenagers. The feature of text messaging is being excessively used for interpersonal communication among teenagers. The present study focuses on the text messaging consumption patterns and the behavioural trends among the teenagers of southern Punjab, Pakistan in the light of uses and gratification approach. Survey research designed was adopted with structured questionnaires. The sample included 627 teenagers studying in various institutions of Multan City. The results of this research revealed that teenagers frequently use text messaging to communicate with others as it is a convenient way of communication. Respondents also showed a tendency of answering the messages from unknown people. Specifically, teenage boys have more tendency of replying to strangers and texting while sitting in family gatherings as compared to girls. Conclusively, it was revealed in this study that text messaging is a distractive activity with the capacity of giving opportunity to individuals to gratify the specific desires. In this rigid and socially segregated society of Pakistan text messaging is the most popular mean of communication without denying its pros and cons.
Political Struggle for Women Empowerment: A Comparative Study of General Zia-ul-Haq and General Pervez Musharraf Era
Authors: Shabir Sobia , Mahmood Amna
Published: May 2021

Women are more than half of the Pakistan’s population, still they are discriminated in every field of life due to prevailing misinterpreted religious teachings, patriarchy, and feudalistic values, which are deep rooted in society. Alongside, since independence military role remain dominant in political that have strong impact in shaping women status in Pakistan. For this reason, in this article comparison of two military regimes General Zia-ul-Haq and General Pervez Musharraf is made to explore how their policies shaped the women status in Pakistani society. General Zia was determined to Islamized the legal system of Pakistan, which limited the women within four walls of home; no practical political will was there to empower women. The introduction of Hadood Ordinance 1979, blocked women social, economic, and political liberation.  Contrary to this, General Pervez Musharraf’s era seems a cure, as political efforts made, for instance, Women Protection Bill 2006 introduced, and vague legislation introduced in General Zia era redrafted. First time in history of Pakistan women quota that much increased in National Assemblies of Pakistan, their political struggle to get rights encouraged, which resulted in women-oriented legislation. All this effort, remained very helpful to enhance the women social, economic, and political position at national level, and portrayed soft image of Pakistan internationally.
Socio-cultural Obstacles in the Way of Women Participation in Politics: A Case Study of District Charsadda, Pakistan
Authors: Khan Shehla , Shah Musawar
Published: May 2021

Political participation is one of the important factors of empowerment and creates awareness among females about their rights in a society. Equal distribution of power, authority, rights, needs and participation etc. are the need of an hour. In male dominant society women are not allow to participate in politics, caste vote and contest in the politics as a member. In Pakhtun society specifically in district Swat females are confronted much more miseries and dilemmas to take part in active politics. The primary facts were collected through simple random sampling technique where the total population, was 196 in the target area of the study. After the collection of the primary data then the researcher analyzed the empirical data through SPSS (Statistical Package for Social Sciences). The data were analyzed in two phases in the first phase of the analysis the frequency and percentages have come out through descriptive statistics in univariate and the bivariate data were analyzed by applying Chi-square test to see the association level between independent variable (social and cultural values) and dependent variables (women participation in active politics) in inferential statistics. Through the political participation of women, it can easily encourage and award women to address their issues and solve them according to their own wishes and desire. The study recommended that although women had liberty, however religious misinterpretation were in prevalence. Also this is recommended that women participation in social and cultural values improve the women part in active politics.
Gender-wise Perception of Graduate and Undergraduate Students about the Quality of Teaching: A Study of Islamia College, Peshawar
Authors: Ullah Kaleem , Mustafa Javed , Badshah Sareer
Published: May 2021

This article focuses on a cross sectional research study for assessing quality of teaching which has been conducted in Islamia College Peshawar, a chartered University in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Pakistan. The researchers collected data via structured questionnaire from 497 students of undergraduate and graduate level including Bachelor of Studies (BS), Master of Arts (MA), Master of Science (MSc) and Master of Philosophy (MPhil) of 13 departments of the said university. For analysis of data, descriptive statistics and chi-square test were applied using SPSS version 16. The analysis shows that students` high satisfaction level is above 60% and low satisfaction level is below 40%. The satisfaction level of male and female were significantly different about quality of teaching. This study recommends that teacher should update their knowledge, use new teaching methods, explain topic with daily life examples, encourage students, show answer books after marking, provide guidance, be fair and complete course on time for the enhancement of students’ satisfaction level.
Quest for Identity in Bapsi Sidhwa’s An American Brat: A Postcolonial Perspective
Authors: Riaz Wajid , Malik Shaista , Rahman Bakht
Published: May 2021

Diasporic dislocation due to transcending boundaries and its consequences is a much-focused issue in postcolonial literature. All those writers who are living in a foreign culture have faced this issue. Therefore, the clash between the indigenous and the foreign cultures splits their personalities and they search for their identity. The present research is intended to explore the implicit optimism in diasporic dislocation and its consequences in Bapsi Sidhwa’s An American Brat (2012). This is a qualitative research using an eclectic approach, which is the combination of Edward Sarian and Homi K Bhabha frameworks. The results show that identity crisis is a pertinent concept in diasporic literature and the protagonist in the novel under discussion goes certain transformations. In this process, the heroin of the novel faces a dislocation and a cultural crisis in terms of her cultural identity. She could not assimilate a foreign culture completely due to her indigenous cultural roots to apply Said’s terminology.
Social Impact of Parental Imprisonment on Left behind Children: A Study of Dir Lower, Pakistan
Authors: Khan Majid , Khan Noor Ullah , Ali Akhtar
Published: May 2021

This study assesses the anti-social behavior of left-behind children when their parents are convicted and put in prison. The researchers conducted a primary study and collected and analyzed data through quantitative methods. The study is conducted with the randomly selected households in Dir lower, Malakand Division. The relevant literature on the effects of parental incarceration over their left-behind children is also consulted to show the contribution of the study. The study argues that unattended children of imprisoned parents tend to show anti-social and disruptive behavior. Firstly, they do not socialize with others more often and remain to themselves. They do not abide by the approved norms of society (polite manners) since they feel neglected and left behind. Additionally, they showed rude behavior and would engage in frequent brawls in the neighborhoods. Furthermore, teasing and taunting others for their racial backgrounds or other dominant features of identity is another activity they found engaged int. The study recommends taking holistic measures for mainstreaming these children and engage them in positive activities so that they do not fall prey to criminal tendencies.
Changing Dynamics of Global Politics: Transition from Unipolar to Multipolar World
Authors: Muzaffar Muhammad , Yaseen Zahid , Rahim Nazim
Published: May 2021

World is transforming again from unipolar to multipolar. Many regional powers are emerging on the canvas of international politics. Complex interdependence has taken its place and due to this phenomenon old rivals are now making alliances and friendships. This study analyses future of world politics at extent of political interaction and the power structure of 21st century. The increasing trends of multipolarity have been allied with these three factors: The end of US hegemony, the peaceful rise of China and other emerging states in different regions, and the shifting nature of power structure from Unipolarity to Multipolarity. This study is qualitative and analytical predictive which is employed to develop and substantiate arguments. The spectacles of modern-day noticed that the peaceful raise of China as foremost new power effect the configuration of international politics. Last decades showed the most rapid economic rate of China. Revivalism of Russia and rise of other states including China will soon overtake the US hegemony. The theoretical framework provides the basic assumptions of this transition of Unipolarity to Multipolarity due to emerging trends of international relations.
Diaspora, Remittances and Dependence on Arab Countries: A Case of Pakistan
Authors: Rizvi Syed Zohaib Abbas , Jamil Sobia , Shaikh Ali Imran
Published: May 2021

This paper has formulated a model by the name of DRADM i.e. Diaspora-Remittances-Arab Dependency Model while studying the literature pertinent to the modes of remittance, sectarianism and the Pakistani diaspora in the Middle-East. Pakistan is home of a large Shi’a population second only to Iran and this community regularly visits the holy shrines in Iran, Syria and Iraq forming a heartily connection with these countries. Contrarily, the Sunni Arab world hosts a huge number of Pakistani workers who send a significant part of their salaries back to Pakistan. These remittances act as a viable source of foreign exchange and help in balance of payments each year. Since the former group (Shi’a) is influenced by Iran and the latter (Sunni) by Saudi Arabia, Pakistan finds itself in a flux. In its bid to make a balance between Iran and Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA), how Pakistan would manage its staggering economy with headship of Islamic military coalition, is a big question mark. With the help of published secondary data from governmental and other institutions this study examines the co-relation between remittances from Arab World and sectarianism (inside Pakistan and in Middle East) and its impact on the foreign policy of Pakistan.
General Elections 2013: A Case Study of Low Turnout of Women Voters in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
Authors: Shah Hassan , Azim Syed Wasif , Mehmood Wajid , Zubair Seema
Published: May 2021

The Constitution of 1973 offers direct elections under adult franchise in Pakistan. However, it is unfortunate that in every election of Pakistan, the ratio of female voters’ turnout remained low. This research is an attempt to discuss the potential causes of low female voters' turnout in the province of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. The study is based on quantitative data survey from six randomly selected districts from sub-geographical areas of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Province in Pakistan including the districts of Lakki Marwat (Far South), Karak (South), Charsadda (Centre), Mardan (Centre), Lower Dir (North) and Chitral (Far North).The study utilizes Chi-square test for statistical inferences of dependent and independent variables. The research argues that the factors responsible for low turnout of women in these districts of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa can be categorized as administrative, cultural, political, and religious. The primary concern of respondents’ administrative obstacles were followed by cultural barrier and then by religious factors. Moreover, gender, the locality (district) and education of respondents cannot be ignored as they are key parameters as well.
Managerial and Operational Hindrances to Polio Eradication: A Case Study of Tehsil Katlang, Mardan, Pakistan
Authors: Zahid Muhammad , Zubair Seema , Bangash Arshad Khan
Published: May 2021

The study aims to analyse managerial and operational hindrances to polio eradication process in Tehsil Katlang, District Mardan using quantitative research method i.e. questionnaire and statistical analysis. A sample size of 200 respondents i.e. polio workers of health department, staff of WHO and UNICEF are selected through proportionate stratified random technique. Bi-variate analyses are conducted with the help of Chi-square test. The study results concludes a significant association between polio eradication process and maintenance of cold chain, lack of transportation facility to polio staff, accessibility with reference to locality, training opportunities of polio workers, lack of trained public health professionals, workers dissatisfaction from salaries, timely payment of NIDs remuneration, unnecessary bureaucratic interventions and influences in Expended Program on Immunisation (EPI), lack of proper evaluation of National Immunisation Days (NIDs) campaign and security threats to polio workers. Further, a non-significant association is ascertained between polio eradication and timely availability of vaccines to EPI workers, effects of load shedding on maintenance of cold chain and proper monitoring of NIDs campaign. The findings state that the program needs proper management process for cold chain and transportation facilities. Salaries of the workers need to be increased and NIDs remuneration needs to pay on time. Various training programs should be initiated for workers and shortage of staff should be removed. Security arrangements for polio workers may be enhanced.