bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Radiative Heat Transfer in the Air near the Ground
Authors: Deacon EL
Published: September 2010

A radiation chart for use in calculating
the rates of heating or cooling by long wave radiation of air layers in the
lowest 100 m. of the atmosphere, is presented. It takes account of the
radiation due to carbon dioxide in a more satisfactory manner than does
Elsasser's chart which applies to the relatively deep atmospheric layers dealt
with in synoptic problems.

As an example of the application of the
chart, the rate of radiative cooling of the lowest 80 m. of the atmosphere,
just before dawn, is evaluated from published data for clear June nights of
little wind in southern England. It is shown that, under these conditions,
radiative exchanges in the air play a large part in cooling the air in the
surface inversion layers.
The Superstructure in the a Phase of Silver-Magnesium Alloys
Authors: Clarebrough LM , Nicholas JF
Published: September 2010

X-ray and electrical resistivity studies
of a silver-magnesium alloy containing 25 atomic per cent, of magnesium are
described. From the results, it is concluded that a superlattice exists at this
composition, the order-disorder transformation occurring between 386 and 389 �C.
Polarography with Alternating Currents. II. A.C. Polarography of Cadmium, Zinc, Lead, Thallium, Indium, Bismuth, and Antimony
Authors: Breyer B , Gutman F , Hacobian S
Published: September 2010

The A.C. polarographic waves of cadmium,
zinc, lead, thallium, indium, bismuth, and antimony are discussed. A number of
factors affecting the magnitude of the maximum differential current, iD~, e.g. the
effect of series resistance in the cell circuit, amplitude of the A.C. voltage,
variation in temperature, variation of supporting electrolyte, presence or
absence of air, etc., have been determined.

A solution containing a mixture of
bismuth, antimony, lead, thallium, indium, cadmium, and zinc was analysed with
A.C. polarography and it was found possible to distinguish each wave of the
seven elements simultaneously present. This is not possible in conventional
polarography.
The Ultraviolet Absorption Spectra of the Acridone Alkaloids. II. Compounds related to 4-Quinolone
Authors: Brown RD , Lahey FN
Published: September 2010

A qualitative discussion, based mainly
upon the MO approximation, is presented for the ultraviolet spectra of
naphthalene, quinolone, and some degradation products of the acridone alkaloids
related to 4-quinolone.
Radio Observations of Two Large Solar Disturbances
Authors: Hindman JV , Little AG , Payne-Scott R , Yabsley DE , Allen CW
Published: September 2010

On February 17 and 21-22, 1950, two
exceptionally large radio-frequency disturbances of solar origin were observed
on seven radio receivers working in the frequency range from 62 to 9400 Mc/s.
At each of the frequencies the radio-frequency power flux was recorded
continuously during the disturbance and at several frequencies the polarization
of the radiation was examined. The apparent position of the origin of the
radiation was determined at one frequency.

The time of commencement and the duration
of the disturbances at the different frequencies were compared with each other
and with those of associated phenomena, solar flares, radio fade-outs, and
geomagnetic effects. The two disturbances show marked similarities and marked
differences ; these are summarized.
Aqueous Diffusion Measurements by the Lamm Scale Method and Their Correlation with Membrane Diffusion Measurements
Authors: Gillam DG
Published: September 2010

The diffusion of potassium chloride,
sodium chloride, potassium sulphate, and .sucrose in water is investigated by
means of a simplified form of the Lamm scale method. The maximum height method
of calculation is modified in such a way that the experimental procedure is
less laborious than the original method. The diffusion coefficient values are
obtained over a range of temperatures and the activation energies for free
diffusion calculated. Comparisons are made with the predictions of the Debye-H�ckel-Onsager
theory and with the results of membrane diffusion measurements. The defects of
the method are discussed and a more refined method is described by which it
should be possible to calculate the concentration dependence of the diffusion
coefficient and also the influence of solvent counterflow.
The Chemistry of Western Australian Plants. IV. Duboisia hopwoodii
Authors: Bottomley W , White DE
Published: September 2010

Examination of a large number of samples
of Duboisia hopwoodii has confirmed the findings of Bottomley, Nottle, and
White (1946). The methods used for the estimation of nicotine and nornicotine
are described and the results summarized. These could not be correlated with
locality, season, or soil type, and examination of fresh leaves showed that the
alkaloid content is considerably reduced on drying. ��

Samples of nicotine and nornicotine have
been prepared and ursolic acid and a quercetin glycoside have been isolated
from D. hopwoodii leaves.
The Dielectric Properties of Symmetrical Long-Chain Secondary Alcohols in the Solid State
Authors: Meakins RL , Sack RA
Published: September 2010

Symmetrical long-chain secondary alcohols
in the solid state show very high dielectric loss at audio and radio
frequencies. This can be explained by the presence of chains of hydroxyl groups
linked by hydrogen bonding and capable of reversing their direction. Further
evidence of hydrogen bonding is provided by a study of the melting points of
the secondary alcohols and related compounds.

The amount of dielectric loss depends
markedly on the manner of formation of the solid, being smallest for samples
formed by recrystallization from solvents at low temperatures and largest for
specimens obtained by slow cooling from the melt. The alcohols of molecular
chain-lengths of 13, 15,17, and 19 carbon atoms show a considerable decrease of
absorption on storing at room temperature. For alcohols of between 23 and 43
carbon atoms the loss is rather smaller with a peak at higher frequencies, but
remains more constant in time.

These results are interpreted in terms of competing
influences of van der Waals forces and hydrogen bonds during crystal formation
; the former, which lead to a structure unsuitable for the formation of
hydrogen-bond chains, are predominant at low temperatures, but become more
rapidly neutralized by thermal motion, especially for the shorter molecules.
The high temperature modification of the lower homologues is unstable at room
temperature, and a molecular diffusion process causes the bond chains to break.

Dilute systems of secondary alcohols with
hydrocarbons or paraffin wax of similar molecular chain-length show very small
dielectric loss suggesting a solid solution in which bond chains cannot be
formed ; if the paraffin molecules are appreciably longer, the absorption is
large and decreases on storing, presumably owing to the presence of a pure
alcohol phase. I.
Angular Distribution of α-Particles and Protons from Li6+D2
Authors: Dunbar DNF , Hirst F
Published: September 2010

The angular distribution of α-particles
from Li6(d,α)He4 has been
investigated for deuteron energies between 200 keV.
and 1 MeV. The distribution may be represented by the expression������������������ N(θ)=N(90�)[1+A(E) cos2θ],
where A(E) is a function of
deuteron energy. The variation of A(E) with energy is due to the increasing
penetration of the potential barrier by d deuterons.

The angular distributions of the two
groups of protons from Li6(d,p)Li7*,
Li7 have been investigated in the same energy range. The
distributions are complex and require d deuterons for their complete
specification in the form �������������� N(θ) = a0P0
+ a1P1 = a2P2 = a3P3
= a4P4where Pn is the Legendre polynomial of order n.

The results appear to resolve some
differences apparent in earlier work. There is no evidence that the short range
proton distribution is more complex than that of the long range group.
Further Measurements of the Angular Distribution of a-Particles from the Li7(p,α)He4 Reaction
Authors: Hirst F , Uebergang R
Published: September 2010

The angular distribution of the
cc-particles from the Li7(p,α)He4
reaction has been measured for a proton energy range 0.3 to 0.9 MeV, using
scintillation counter technique. A statistical analysis of the observations has
been undertaken and results have been compared with those of other experiments.
The angular distribution is well represented by the expression ������������ Y(θ) =Y(90�)[l +A(E)cos2θ
+ B(E)cos4θ], where A(E) and B(E) are
energy dependent parameters denoting the departure from spherical symmetry and
implying that p and f protons are important in the reaction. Curves of A(E) and
B(E), of the theoretical form given by Inglis, have
been fitted to the combined data of recent experiments analysed according to
the above expression.
The Surface Loss Correction for Nuclear Emulsions
Authors: Martin SL
Published: September 2010

When nuclear emulsions are used in the
investigation of the angular distributions of scattered particles those tracks
which pass through the emulsion surface cannot be accepted for measurement and
in consequence the observed angular distribution must be corrected to allow for
this. In the present paper, formulae are developed for the case of particles
recoiling from a mono-energetic beam of particles incident at any angle on the
surface. The effect of small-angle scattering is neglected but on the basis of
work done by Powell and Occhialini it is believed that the formulae are valid
for recoil energies at least as great as 5 MeV. Curves are given from which the
factor can be obtained in any given case.
The Dielectric Properties of Crystalline Long-Chain n-Primary Alcohols at Low Frequencies
Authors: Meakins RJ , Mulley JW
Published: September 2010

In a previous paper it was reported that
certain crystalline forms of long-chain secondary alcohols show abnormally
large dielectric absorption and dispersion of the dielectric constant at audio
and radio frequencies. The present paper describes an extension of the
investigation to n-primary alcohols and discusses the results in terms of the
previously suggested theory of dielectric absorption due to the presence of
hydrogen-bonded chains of hydroxyl groups.

The most significant feature of the results
is that the absorption is larger and occurs at much lower frequencies than for
the secondary alcohols. This is considered to be due to the end-to-end
arrangement of the molecules in n-primary alcohol crystals, which gives double
layers of hydroxyl groups and enables the formation of more extensive
hydrogen-bond chains. The dielectric constants at the lowest frequencies are
almost as large as those previously reported by Hoffmann and Smyth (1949) for
the " waxy " forms of n-primary alcohols.

Further aspects described are the changes in
dielectric properties during storage, the differences between the melted and
recrystallized forms, and the effect of dispersing the molecules in an inert
solid solvent. In each of these aspects the observed behaviour is similar to
that previously reported for the secondary alcohols.
Adsorption and Hydrogenation of Gases on Transition Metals
Authors: Winfield ME
Published: September 2010

Several principles are suggested which
determine the location, and to some extent the behaviour, of gas atoms
chemisorbed at the surface of a transition metal. With these as basis, and the
published experimental evidence, the structure of adsorbed oxygen, hydrogen,
ethylene, acetylene, and carbon monoxide are deduced. For a diatomic molecule
three kinds of chemisorbed product are distinguished-adsorbed molecule,
adsorbed atom, and adsorbed ion. Bond energies, together with solid models of
surface and adsorbate, are used to arrive at the probable mechanism of the
ethylene hydrogenation on nickel, and of the Fischer-Tropsch hydrocarbon
synthesis.
The Crystal Structure of Potassium Hexafluoroplatinate (IV)
Authors: Mellor DP , Stephenson NC
Published: September 2010

The crystal structure of potassium hexafluoroplatinate
(IV) has been determined. The structure is based on a hexagonal unit cell whose
dimensions are a=5.76 Ǻ, 0=4.64 Ǻ. There is one molecule per cell and
the space group is D33d-C3m. The Pt-F distance in the
slightly irregular octahedral fluoro complex is 1.91 Ǻ.
Experiments on the Synthesis of the Acridone Alkaloids
Authors: Hughes GK , Ritchie E
Published: September 2010

A scheme for the biosynthesis of the
acridone alkaloids is suggested and experimental evidence bearing on this
question is described.
The Position and Movement on the Solar Disk of Sources of Radiation at a Frequency of 97 Mc/s. I. Equipment
Authors: Little AG , Payne-Scott R
Published: September 2010

The spaced aerial interference technique,
au used in radio astronomy, has been modified in order to observe solar
disturbances winch are either of short duration or are rapidly changing in
position. The interference pattern is obtained in 1/25 of a second by sweeping
the aerial lobe pattern across the source, 25 times per second. The position of
the source and the polarization of the radiation are determined separately, a
complete record taking about one second. Two different aerial spacings are used
and calibration is carried out by a novel method.

An equipment operating on 97 Mc/s., which
has been used for observations of solar disturbances, is described and the
sources of error discussed.
Operational Impedance Matrices of n-Phase Partially Symmetrical Machines
Authors: Shen DWC
Published: September 2010

By an affine transformation of space with
origin fixed, the hyper-space associated with an n-phase partially-symmetrical
machine having multi-winding in the field system is partitioned into two
orthogonal sub-spaces of n-2 and 2 dimensions respectively. The armature
reaction and the saliency effect of the machine are found to depend only upon
the interaction of two rotating axes on the 2-dimensional plane. The complex
stationary axes in the n-2 dimensional sub-space do not react on the field
system and hence are named the zero armature-reaction axes. This supports a conclusion
that, barring single-phase machines, the transient and steady-state performance
characteristics of machines of any number of phases under balanced load
conditions are essentially the same.

For transient solutions, the cases of
suddenly-applied voltages and sudden short- circuits are considered. The
correlation between the machine parameters as obtained in the present analysis
with those obtained by the two-reaction method is established.
The Photovoltaic Effect in Natural Lead Sulphide
Authors: Lawrance R
Published: September 2010

Australian samples of natural lead sulphide
have been used as radiation detectors In the near infra-red. The nature of the
photovoltaic effect has been investigated and the sensitivity of some cells
measured. The electrical properties of bulk samples have been measured.

The results have been compared with similar
measurements given by other authors for thin lead sulphide films, and a close
correlation has been established between them.
The Adsorption of Sodium Cetyl Sulphate on Cassiterite
Authors: Edwards GR , Ewers WE
Published: September 2010

The adsorption of sodium cetyl sulphate on
pure synthetic cassiterite has been measured under various conditions of
concentration and pH and the results related to flotation. It was found that
only a small proportion of the surface need be covered with collector ions to
make flotation possible. At high concentrations of collector no evidence was
found of a double layer of collector ions on the mineral surface, and it is
concluded that the cessation of flotation at these concentrations is due to "
armouring " of the bubble surfaces.

A mechanism for the adsorption of cetyl
sulphate ions is proposed, in which these ion3 exchange with hydroxyl ions on
the hydrated surface. An attempt is made to describe the ionic equilibria at
the cassiterite surface.

Samples of natural cassiterite differed
from one another and from the synthetic mineral in their ability to be floated
under certain conditions : this is attributed to the effect of metallic impurities.
The Thermal Decomposition of Thorium Oxalate
Authors: Beckett R , Winfield ME
Published: September 2010

The thermal decomposition of hydrated
thorium oxalate was followed by determining weight loss, change in electrical
conductivity, and chemical composition of products. At temperatures below
200�C. the weight-loss curve indicated the existence of a tri- and a dihydrate
and possibly a pentahydrate of thorium oxalate as stages m the dehydration. At
higher temperatures dehydration was accompanied by loss of CO and CO2.

Almost all the (C2O4)=
decomposed sharply over a small temperature range near 300�C. Although some
carbonate was formed, it did not exceed a concentration of 0.076 mole per mole
of total thorium.

According to chemical analysis the residue
after heating at 350�C. was ThO2 with a trace of carbonate and
water. X-ray analysis, however, showed it to be a mixture of ThO2,
and a second substance whose identity is unknown.

In the electron microscope the hydrated
oxalate and the thoria produced from it were little different in appearance.
Both appeared as relic crystals which were square prisms about l μ across
and 0.2 μ thick, with a characteristic central aperture which exposed a
large area of surface.
The Position and Movement on the Solar Disk of Sources of Radiation at a Frequency of 97 Mc/s. III. Outbursts
Authors: Payne-Scott R , Little AG
Published: September 2010

The apparent position
and polarization of the source of solar radiation at 97 Mc/s. have been
measured during six outbursts, for five of which data on the accompanying solar
flares are available. Initially the apparent position of outburst and flare almost
coincide, the outbursts usually being rather closer to the solar limb than the
flare. As the outburst proceeds, its position rapidly changes, the apparent
movement usually being towards, and sometimes off, the solar limb. The initial
apparent displacement towards the solar limb and the subsequent movement can be
explained if we assume that the outburst radiation is excited by some physical
agency originating at the same time, and in the same region, as the flare, and
moving outward through the corona. The velocity of such an agency would need to
be between 500 and 3000 km./sec., and it is
suggested that the corpuscular streams associated with sudden-commencement terrestrial
magnetic storms are the initiators of outbursts.

The polarization of the
outbursts in the early stages is random. Often a second increase occurs, with
elliptical, usually circular, polarization. On two occasions linear polarization
has been observed in this later stage of an outburst. The relation between the
changes in polarization and the associated changes in apparent position conform
to the rule given in Part II of this series, that right-hand circular
polarization arises in the region above a south magnetic pole and left-hand
above a north pole, while linear polarization appears to originate above the
central region of a bipolar group, the E-vector having a direction
approximately along the axis of the spot-group.
The Stopping Power of Ilford C2 Emulsion
Authors: Dyer AJ
Published: September 2010

The stopping power of Ilford C2
nuclear emulsion under fixed water content conditions has been determined for
protons in the energy range 1.73-5.26 MeV. with an accuracy of 1 per cent. The
variation of stopping power with water content has been calculated and an
appropriate correction applied. It has been found that the values obtained in
this experiment are in substantial agreement with those of Lattes, Fowler, and
Cuer, and of Rotblat, A consistency in stopping power of better than 0.3 per
cent. has been observed between several batches. Some data on the straggling of
protons in nuclear emulsion are presented.
The Anisotropy of Electrical Resistivity of Cold-Drawn Wires of Some Cubic Metals and Alloys
Authors: Broom T , Clothier WK
Published: September 2010

A special A.C. technique has been devised
to measure and compare the transverse resistivities of wires. In drawn wires of
several metals and alloys the resistivities measured in the longitudinal and
transverse directions have been shown to differ. In
copper the longitudinal resistivity was slightly less than the transverse, but
in α brass and α aluminium bronze it was the greater by about 3 per
cent. This effect is similar to that previously found in rolled strip, and it
is suggested that an explanation may be found in terms of lattice disturbances
associated with dislocations.
The Production of Intermediates in the Manufacture of Atebrin
Authors: Davies W , Olver NH , Wilson BW
Published: September 2010

During World War II methods of
preparation, suitable for Australian conditions, of the necessary intermediates
for the production of the antimalarial drug, atebrin, were investigated.
Suitable methods for the preparation of 2,4-dichlorobenzoic acid and
p-nitroanisole have been developed. 2,4-Dichlorobenzoic acid is prepared from
p-toluenesulphonyl chloride by chlorination to 2,4-dichlorobenzotrichloride
(via 2-chloro-p-toluenesulphonyl chloride) and hydrolysis of this compound. p-Nitroanisole
is prepared from p-chloronitrobenzene by the action of methanolic potash, good
yields of a pure product being obtained in a shorter time than in methods
previously described.

A new synthesis of
5-diethylamino-2-aminopentane was commenced.
The Bending of a Semi-infinite Strip
Authors: Smith RCT
Published: September 2010

An exact solution is obtained for the
normal displacement of a thin semi-infinite strip subjected to arbitrary
displacements and couples on the short edge but with the long edges clamped. It
is expressed as a series in the characteristic functions of a matrix
differential equation.
Studies on the lignin of Eucalyptus regnans F. Muell. VII. The acid hydrolysis of ethanyol lignin-A
Authors: Merewether JWT
Published: September 2010

Ethanol lignin-A from the ethanolysis of
Eucalyptus regnans P. Muell. has been hydrolysed with dilute hydrochloric acid
with the object of ascertaining whether the combined ethoxyl is present as an acetal
or as ether. Hydrolysis with 12 per cent. hydrochloric acid was found to split
off one ethoxyl group, while hydrolysis with 20 per cent. acid brought about
complete de-ethylation. The de-ethylated ethanol lignin-A contained one
carbonyl group less and two hydroxyl groups more than the original ethanol
lignin-A. These results lend no support to the hypothesis that alcohol lignins
are acetals, and favour the theory that the combined alkoxyl is probably
present as ether.
Studies in relation to Biosynthesis. II. The structure of 'Macropone'
Authors: Birch AJ , Elliott P
Published: September 2010

4-isoPropylsalicylaldehyde
(I) has been synthesized and is identical with " macropone ".
Studies in relation to Biosynthesis. III. The structure of Eleutherinol
Authors: Birch AJ , Donovan FW
Published: September 2010

1-Hydroxy-3-methyl-6,8-dimethoxynaphthalene
(VII) has been synthesized and shown to be identical with a phenol obtained
from the degradation of eleutherinol dimethyl ether. This synthesis establishes
the formula VI for eleutherinol, in agreement with prediction on biogenetic
grounds.
The chemical constituents of Australian Flindersia species. V. The constituents of Flindersia maculosa Lindl
Authors: Brown RFC , Gilham PT , Hughes GK , Ritchie E
Published: September 2010

From the bark of Flindersia maculosa
Lindl. were isolated the known alkaloids, kokusaginine and flindersiamine, the
new alkaloids, maculine and maculosine, the known coumarin, collinin, and a
triterpene, flindissol. Maculine appears to be a methylenedioxydiotamnine.

The leaves contained kokusaginine, the new
alkaloid, maculosidine, and the new flavone, flindulatin. The structure
6,s-dimethoxydictamnine is proposed for maculosidine, and flindulatin is shown
by degradation and synthesis to be 5-hydroxy-3,4',7,8-tetramethoxyflavone
(3,4',7,8-tetramethylherbacetin).
Theory of alternating current polarography. I. Equation of the reversible AC polarographic wave
Authors: Breyer B , Hacobian S
Published: September 2010

An equation for the A.C. polarographic
current is derived from considerations of concentration changes produced at the
dropping mercury electrode in virtue of the superposition of a small sinusoidal
alternating voltage onto the direct potential, for the case of reversibly
reduced inorganic ions. The equation predicts the magnitude of the A.C.
polarographic current at any point on the polarogram.
Direct current polarography in the presence of alternating voltages. I. Reversible systems
Authors: Buchanan GS , Werner RL
Published: September 2010

The effect of a small sinusoidal A.C.
voltage (c. 100 mV) on D.C. polarographic waves has been investigated. It has
been found that the alternating current is rectified and the significance of
this rectification is discussed for the case of reversibly discharged inorganic
cations. A qualitative and quantitative treatment is given.
The Alkaloids of Evodia littoralis Endl
Authors: Cooke RG , Haynes HF
Published: September 2010

The bark and leaves of Evodia littoralis
Endl. contain dictamnine, kokusaginine, and a new furoquinoline alkaloid,
evolitrine. Hydrogenolysis of isoevolitrine yields 1-methyl-3-ethyl-4-hydroxy-7-methoxy-2(1H)-quinolone,
which has been synthesized by two routes. Assuming the usual linear structure,
evolitrine must be 7-methoxy-dictamnine.
The Alkaloids of Heliotropium europaeum L.. II. Isolation and structures of the third major alkaloid and two monor alkaloids, and isolation of the principal n-Oxides
Authors: Culvenor CCJ
Published: September 2010

The third major alkaloid of Heliotropium
europaeum L. is isolated and shown to be heliotridine esterified on the methylol
hydroxyl with lasiocarpic acid
(2,3-dihydroxy-4-methoxy-2-methylpentane-3-carboxylic acid). Two minor
alkaloids isolated are shown to be supinine (supinidine esterified with
trachelanthic acid) and supinidine esterified with heliotric acid
(3-hydroxy-4-methoxy-2-methylpentane-3-carboxylic acid). The N-oxides of
heliotrine, lasiocarpine, and the third major base have been isolated from the
seed of H. europaeum.
The chemical constituents of Australian Flindersia Species. VII. The synthesis of derivatives of Kokusagininic and skimmianinic acids
Authors: Brown RFC
Published: September 2010

Methylation of skimmianinic acid with
diazomethane gave its methyl ester, but kokusagininic acid gave the methyl
ester of 2,4,6,7-tetramethoxyquinoline-3-carboxylic acid. The synthesis of
methyl skimmianinate and of methyl 2,4,6,7-tetramethoxy-quinoline-3-carboxylate
is described.
The second virial coefficients of some gas mixtures
Authors: Hamann SD , Lambert JA , Thomas RB
Published: September 2010

The second virial coefficients of the
mixtures CH4-C(CH3)4, CH4-Si(CH3)4, and CH4-SF6
have been measured for several compositions and at several temperatures.

Values of the coefficients B12,
derived from the results, fail to conform to Guggenheim and McGlashan's (1951)
extension of the principle of corresponding states. Reasons are given for this
disagreement.
The thermodynamic properties of sulphonated polystyrene exchanges saturated with a single cation
Authors: Duncan JF
Published: September 2010

If an ion exchanger is treated as if it
were an aqueous electrolyte, it is possible to use several independent
experimental data to calculate the osmotic and activity coefficients of the
resin phase. Illustrative examples are quoted. The activity coefficient of pure
sodium " resinate " is calculated with satisfactory agreement from
isopiestic data, and by two methods from the sodium-hydrogen exchange reaction.
Activity coefficient curves for lithium, sodium, potassium, rubidium, caesium,
copper, and barium " resinates " are given and also activity
coefficient data for a number of other divalent cationic " resinates
", at a single value of the ionic strength. These activity coefficients
show similar trends to those of aqueous electrolytes.
Theory of alternating current polarography. III. Frequency of alternating field and reaction rate
Authors: Breyer B , Bauer HH , Hacobian S
Published: September 2010

The equation of the A.C. polarographic
current for processes where the frequency of the alternating field is
comparable with the rate of the electrode reaction is derived. Relative values
of equilibrium rate constants of some first order electrode reactions are
evaluated experimentally.
Synthetic Antispasmodics. I. Some 1,1-Diaryl-3-(4'-methyl-1'-piperazino)-1-propenes
Authors: Cymerman-Craig J , harrisson RJ
Published: September 2010

The Mannich bases obtained by reaction of
1-methylpiperazine and formaldehyde with acetophenone and 2-acetylthiophen
respectively have been condensed with phenyl- and α-thienylmagnesium
bromide, giving the 1,1-diphenyl, 1,1-di-α-thienyl, and 1-phenyl-1-α-thienyl-3-(4'-methyl-1'-piperazino)propan-1-ols.
These have been dehydrated to the corresponding 1-propenes. Both the propanols
and the propenes exhibit antispasmodic activity.
Alternating current polarography of Organic compounds. IV. Perinaphthenone
Authors: Breyer B , Bauer HH
Published: September 2010

The behaviour of perinaphthenone at the
dropping mercury electrode has been investigated by the combined techniques of
conventional (D.C.) and alternating current (A.C.) polarography. Two D.C. steps
were observed, but an A.C. polarographic wave was found only at the potential
of the more positive D.C. step. Two tensammetric waves were also seen, one of
which appears to be the outcome of multilayer adsorption or of a change in
state of the adsorbed film.
Studies in relation to biosynthesis. VI. Rheosmin
Authors: Bauer L , Birch AJ , Ryan AJ
Published: September 2010

Benzalpiperitone (I) has been
dehydrogenated to 3-hydroxy-4-isopropylstilbene (II), which on ozonolysis gave
rise to 3-hydroxy-4-isopropylbenzaldehyde (IV), which is unlikely to be
identical with rheosmin. This substance appears on the basis of its properties
and possible biosynthesis to be 1-(p-hydroxypheny1)butan-3-one (V).
The SN Mechanism in aromatic compounds. XVII. Cationic replaced groups in aromatic SN reactions
Authors: Bolto BA , Miller J
Published: September 2010

The general order of ease of displacement
in activated aromatic SN
reactions- cation > dipole > neutral group is confirmed. The special
place of F among electrically� neutral groups is noted and the experimental
order SMe2+>NMe3+>F>NO2>Cl is discussed.
Migration of excitation energy in organic crystals. I. Tetracene included in Anthracene
Authors: Ferguson J
Published: September 2010

The fluorescence spectra excited from
anthracene crystals containing traces of tetracene have been accurately
recorded using a spectrometer with a photomultiplier as detector. In addition
polarized fluorescence spectra from very thin anthracene single crystals have
been reported. From the results it is concluded that energy migration from
anthracene to tetracene is by a non-radiative mechanism, although it is shown
that reabsorption of fluorescence can significantly modify the characteristics
of such crystals. In addition, it is shown that this system has a limit of
solid solution for crystals grown by sublimation (about mole/mole) above which
the characteristics are markedly altered because of the formation of minute
tetracene crystals.
New molecular compounds of the layer lattice type. II. Theory of formation of graphite compounds
Authors: Croft RC
Published: September 2010

Experimental results given in Part I of
this series (Croft 1956a) have been examined theoretically with particular
attention given to finding reasons for the specificity shown by graphite
towards various chlorides. This specificity cannot be accounted for in terms of
"molecular sieving" or polar interaction. It is suggested that
intercalation involves transfer of electrons from the conducting band of
graphite to cations of reactive chlorides.

Intercalation of transition metal
chlorides can be correlated with possession of unsaturated penultimate electron
shells by the cations concerned. However, correlation is only complete when the
cations exhibit maximum electron affinities, as in their higher valence states.

Reaction of Group IIIA chlorides appears
due to accommodation of electron pairs from the π band of graphite in n(p)
orbitals (or their hybrids) of the cations. The distinctive hydrolysis of these
chlorides in situ indicates that graphite is a weaker donor than water.

Similar consideration of unreactive
chlorides indicates that they are not intercalated because their cations are
incapable of electronic interaction with graphite.

Several important conclusions, supported
experimentally in Parts III and IV of this series (Croft 1956b, 1956c), have
been drawn from these theoretical considerations. Firstly, since intercalation
depends on electronic configurations of cations, any compound containing a
suitable cation should be capable of intercalation in graphite irrespective of
the anion associated with it. Secondly, provided they satisfy two conditions,
other substances should be capable of intercalating foreign compounds in a
similar manner to graphite. The necessary conditions are that a host substance
is able to interact electronically with an intercalated substance, and that it
must afford physical accommodation for the latter.

The potential value of graphite reactions,
in elucidating fundamental problems, is also discussed.
The chemical constituents of Australian Flindersia species. IX. A synthesis of Flindersine
Authors: Brown RFC , Hughes GK , Ritchie E
Published: September 2010

The alkaloid, flindersine, has been
synthesized.
Quantal Factors in the Joule-Thomson cooling of Hydrogen and Deuterium
Authors: Hamann SD
Published: September 2010

This paper presents a theoretical analysis
of the Joule-Thomson cooling of normal hydrogen and deuterium from an initial
temperature of 64 �K. Below 70 atm the cooling is greater for H2
than for D2, but at higher pressures it is less. It is found that
the difference at low pressures is due to the lower heat capacity of H2,
associated with the more quantized rotation of its molecules. The difference at
high pressures is due to the less negative enthalpy of imperfection of H2,
and this in turn can be attributed to the higher zero-point energy for
translational motion in the lighter isotope. Both differences can be accounted
for quantitatively.
A new complex cyanide of Molybdenum
Authors: Steele MC
Published: September 2010

A new cyano complex of molybdenum,
potassium pentacyano molybdate(IV), KMo(CN)5, has been prepared in
three ways : (i) by direct reaction of molybdenum trioxide and potassium
cyanide, (ii) by the oxidation of the black heptacyanide, K4Mo(CN)7.2H2O,
and (iii) by heating the brown potassium tetracyano dioxo molybdate(IV), K4MoO2(CN)4.
The chemical constituents of Australian Flindersia Species. X. The constituents of F. dissosperma (F. Muell.) Domin and its Relationship to F. maculosa (Lindl.) F. Muell
Authors: Binns SV , Halpern B , Jughes GK , Ritchie E
Published: September 2010

The constituents of the leaves, bark, and
wood of Flindersia dissosperma (F. Muell.) Domin and of the wood of F. maculosa
(Lindl.) F. Muell. have been isolated and identified. The chemical evidence
supports the view that these two species and F. collina P.M. Bail. are closely
related.
The purification of 18O-water
Authors: Lauder I , Wilson IR
Published: September 2010

A reliable method for the purification of
15 to 20 mg samples of 18O-water, as a preliminary step to the
measurement of isotopic composition by a density technique, is described. The
method is based on the use of copper oxide as the oxidizing agent but
negligible isotopic dilution is involved as the oxygen of the oxide is obtained
by electrolysing a small fraction of the water requiring purification. The
total purification time is about 1 hr.
The oxidation of Carbon with Atomic Oxygen
Authors: Blackwood JD , McTaggart FK
Published: September 2010

Atomic oxygen, produced by dissociation of
molecular oxygen in a radio frequency field, will react with amorphous or
graphitic carbon at room temperatures and both carbon monoxide and carbon
dioxide appear in the product gases. Carbon monoxide appears to be the primary
product of oxidation of carbon, the carbon dioxide being produced by direct
combination of carbon monoxide with oxygen which takes place mainly at the
carbon surface. Atomic oxygen will also react with carbon dioxide to produce
carbon monoxide and molecular oxygen but the quantity of carbon monoxide produced
by this reaction is small compared to that produced by direct oxidation of the
carbon.
Alternating Current Polarography: Tensammetric Investigation of Adsorption Processes. Utility of Phase-Angle Measurements
Authors: Bauer HH , Elving PJ
Published: September 2010

Tensammetric measurements, based on
interpretation of the non-faradaic alternating
current flow under conditions of alternating current polarography, have been
used to study the adsorption of various substances on mercury electrodes. Such
measurements can be greatly improved by use of an apparatus arrangement which
permits measurement of both the alternating current and the phase angle ; from
the latter, the series resistance and the capacity of the electrical double
layer can be calculated. The application to inorganic systems involving
retrograde currents and film formation is described.
Infra-Red Spectra of Uranyl Compounds. I. Uranyl Nitrates
Authors: Allpress JG , Hambly AN
Published: September 2010

The infra-red spectra of the di-, tri-,
and hexahydrates of uranyl nitrate and of anhydrous potassium uranyl nitrate
have been recorded. The results differ significantly from those of Gatehouse
and Comyns (1958) but do not permit a decision regarding the structure of the
complex anions in these compounds.
The Preparation of the Esters of some Substituted Sebacic Acids from Oleic Acid
Authors: Dalton LK , Hatt HH , Szumer AZ
Published: September 2010

threo-9,10-Dihydroxyoctadecanoic acid (I)
like its erythro-isomer gives good yields of 2-hydroxy-2-octyldeoandioic acid (II)
when fused with alkali. Under similar conditions 9,lO-diketo-octadecanoic acid
gives a somewhat lower yield of this same acid and is considered a probable
intermediate in the conversion of I to II.

Esters of II have been tested as
lubricants at low temperatures and as plasticizers. They are too heat sensitive
to serve as lubricants. The octyl side chain renders them less effective as
plasticizers than esters of sebacic acid. The 2-ethylhexyl ester of
2-octyldecandioic acid (III), derived from II, has properties which fit it for
use as a lubricant.
Polyunsaturated isobutylamides Related to Citral
Authors: Meisters A , Wailes PC
Published: September 2010

A group of polyunsaturated acids has been
prepared from citral, and the isobutylamides obtained from them have been
tested for insecticidal activity. Two of the geometrical isomers of "
citrylidene acetic acid " (I; n=l, R=OH), namely, the trans-2,trans-4 and
cis-2,cis-4, have been obtained for the first time as crystalline solids.
The Chemistry of Eucalypt Kinos. III. (+)-Afzelechin, Pyrogallol, and (+)-Catechin from Eucalyptus calophylla Kino
Authors: Hillis WE , Carle A
Published: September 2010

Pyrogallol, (+)-catechin, and a new
flavanol, (+)-afzelechin (3,5,7,4'-tetrahydroxy-flavan), have been isolated
from the kino of Eucalyptue calophylla R.Br. Gallocatechin and epicatechin have
been identified chromatographically. In addition, a compound which resembles
(-)-epiafzelechin chromatographically, has been
detected.
A Comparison of the H_ and H0 Acidity Functions for Aqueous Hydrochloric Acid Solutions
Authors: Phillips JN
Published: September 2010

H- acidity function
measurements are reported for aqueous hydrochloric acid solutions using a
series of phosphorus-containing acid indicators. The relationship between the H-, Ho, and activity (-log10f�C)
function for this system was found to be given approximately by

����������������� �(Ho+H-) ≈ -log10f�CHCl

A feature of the results is
the weak acidity of concentrated hydrochloric acid solutions in respect of the
ionization of a negatively charged base, in contrast to the strong acidity of
such solutions in respect of the ionization of a neutral base.
Studies in Waxes. XVIII. Beeswax: A Spectroscopic and Gas Chromatographic Examination
Authors: Downing DT , Kranz ZH , Lamberton JA , Murray KE , Redcliff AH
Published: September 2010

A quantitative examination has been made of the components of
hydrolysed beeswax. This was achieved by separation into hydrocarbons,
monohydric alcohols, " diols ",acids, and hydroxyacids. The alcohol
and acid fractions were reduced to the corresponding hydrocarbon mixtures and
these together with the naturally occurring hydrocarbons were examined by gas
chromatography, which demonstrated their straight-chain character and gave the
chain lengths and percentage composition of the components.
Studies in Waxes. XIX. The Stem Wax of the Grass Leptochlona digitata
Authors: Kranz ZH , Lamberton JA , Murray KE , Redcliff AH
Published: September 2010

The stem wax of the grass Leptochloa
digitata (R.Br.) Domin. has been examined mainly by gas chromatographic
methods. The wax after hydrolysis has been shown to consist largely of
straight-chain acids (54%) and n-paraffin hydrocarbons (21%). Straight-chain
alcohols and ketones are also present, along with other alcohols and ketones
which were not examined.

A feature of the wax is the presence of
small amounts of hydrocarbons with very long chains (2.5%) from which
n-dohexacontane (C62H126) has been isolated and
identified by its X-ray long spacing and melting point.
The Pyrolysis of ωω'-Diphenylalkanes
Authors: Sweating JW , Wilshire JFK
Published: September 2010

The pyrolysis of several ωω'-diphenylalkanes, C6H5(CH2)nC6H5, where n=1, 2, 3, 4,
and 6, has been studied over a range of temperatures (550, 600, 650, and 700 �C).
The products were analysed by a combination of gas-liquid chromatography,
chromatography on alumina, and partition chromatography on acetylated
cellulose. Below 700 �C, scission of the aliphatic carbon bonds was solely
observed, whereas at 700 �C there were formed, in addition, polycyclic aromatic
hydrocarbons arising from radical processes such as dimerization,
intramolecular cyclization, and homolytic aromatic substitution (e.g.
phenanthrene, chrysene, triphenylene, and 3,4-benzpyrene). The mode of
formation of these and other products is discussed.
Alkaloids of the Australian Rutaceae: Evodia xanthoxyloides F. Muell. VI. The Structure of Evodine
Authors: Prager RH , Ritchie E , Robertson AV , Taylor WC
Published: September 2010

The structure of the furoquinoline
alkaloid evodine is shown to be structure (III) by a combination of physical
methods and chemical degradation.
Colouring Matters of Australian Plants. X. Anthraquinones from Coelospermum Species
Authors: Bowie JH , Cooke RG , Wilkin PE
Published: September 2010

The root-bark of two Coelospermum species
is rich in colouring matter now shown to be a mixture of anthraquinones. In C.
reticulatum they occur mostly in the free state. The principal constituent is a
new natural anthraquinone, coelulatin, which has been identified as
1,3,8-trihydroxy-2-hydroxpethylanthraquinone Small amounts of rubiadin and
lucidin have also been isolated. In C. paniculatum the anthraquinones occur
mostly as glycosides which have been hydrolysed to a mixture of rubiadin,
rubiadin-1-methyl ether, and lucidin. Nordamnacanthal is present in the free
state, together with damnacanthol (isolated as the cyclic dimethyl ketal) and
another new pigment which appears to be a dimethyl ether of coelulatin. Both
plants apparently contain asperuloside but this could not be isolated.
The Pyrolysis of 1-Phenyltetralin
Authors: Wilshire JFK
Published: September 2010

The pyrolysis of 1-phenyltetralin at 700 �C
has been investigated, and mechanisms are advanced for the formation of the
compounds found in the pyrolysate. For comparison, tetralin and hydrindene were
pyrolysed at 700 �C under the same conditions as the 1-phenyltetralin. The
presence of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in coal tar may be due to the
thermal breakdown both of hydroaromatic and of aliphatic structures in the
parent coal.
Excited States of Aromatic Hydrocarbons: Pathways of Internal Conversion
Authors: Hunt GR , McCoy EF , Ross IG
Published: September 2010

Excited state bond orders calculated in
the previous paper (McCoy and Ross 1962) are used in a necessarily approximate
attempt to predict the locations of intersections between potential energy
surfaces for all the lower excited states of benzene, naphthalene, azulene, and
anthracene, and thus to investigate the mechanism of degradation of electronic
excitation energy. It is concluded that excited states commonly, but not
invariably, intersect in such a way that there is no barrier to passage from the
zero-point level of one state to some state below it. Quite often, however,
tunnelling, as suggested by Robinson (1961), is necessary to effect the
passage. Diagrams are presented showing the preferred routes for descent
through the singlet and triplet states. The radiative properties of the
compounds considered are then successfully correlated with the distances
through which tunnelling needs to take place, and an approximate empirical
relationship emerges in which the tunnelling rate (multiplied by 106
if there is a spin change) decreases exponentially with barrier width. The
mechanism of tunnelling is briefly discussed.
The Behaviour of Lead in Iodide Medium at the Dropping Mercury Electrode. I. D.C. Polarographic Study
Authors: Srinivasan VS , Sundaram AK
Published: September 2010

The polarography of lead in the iodide
medium has shown that an irreversible wave is obtained at moderate
concentrations of lead, whereas at high concentrations two waves are obtained
and at low concentrations a single reversible wave is obtained. This explains
the irreversible waves obtained by the earlier workers who have mainly worked
in the region of 0.4mM of lead. From a study of the effect of the head of
mercury, temperature, etc. it is shown that the second wave is an adsorption
wave resulting from the adsorption of lead iodide complexes at the dropping
mercury electrode.
The Thermal Decomposition of Boron Trimethyl
Authors: Buchanan AS , Creutzberg F
Published: September 2010

The thermal decomposition of boron
trimethyl has been studied in a static system in the range 468-513 �C and was
found to be first order with a rate expression������������� k1=1.2
x 1012e-[56 000/RT] sec-1.

The activation energies for methane and
hydrogen formation were found to be 76 and 75 kcal, respectively.

The stoicheiometry for the main reaction
was found to be ���������������� 2B(CH3)3
→ 2CH4 + H2 + [B(CH2)2]2.

Preliminary experiments on the photolysis
of boron trimethyl indicated that methane was the major product.
A Common Acidic Constituent of the Western Australian Rutaceae
Authors: Duffield AM , Jefferies PR , Lucich PH
Published: September 2010

The isolation of an acid, C20H24O5,
from Philotheca hasselli and three Eriostemon spp. is described. The structure,
which contains the benzodipyran skeleton, has been shown to be (I).