bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Novel Dihydronaphthothiazine S,S‐Dioxides by Intramolecular Sulfonylamidomethylation of 2‐Naphthylmethanesulfonamides Using Amberlyst XN‐1010.
Authors: Sasiambarrena Leandro D. , Canepa Alicia S. , Bravo Rodolfo D.
Published: May 2016

The cyclization of sulfonamides (I) with s‐trioxane proceeds with high regioselectivity toward C1 of the naphthalene ring, while cyclization of the 1‐bromo derivative (IV) is directed toward C3.
ChemInform Abstract: Skeletally Diverse Synthesis of Indole‐Fused Diazocine and Diazepine Frameworks by One‐Pot, Two‐Component Cascade Reaction.
Authors: Thikekar Tushar Ulhas , Selvaraju Manikandan , Sun Chung‐Ming
Published: May 2016

The substrate base‐diversification approach offers a straightforward access to a library of compounds with immense interest in drug discovery.
ChemInform Abstract: Syntheses of 1,5‐Benzothiazepines. Part 39. Syntheses and Antimicrobial Studies of 8‐Substituted‐2,5‐dihydro‐2‐(furan‐2‐yl)‐4‐ (2‐hydroxyphenyl/4‐methylphenyl)‐1,5‐benzothiazepines.
Authors: Pant Seema , Dharamveer Dharamveer , Saxena Deepika , Jadon Rajkumari
Published: May 2016

The title benzothiazepines are synthesized by reaction of various substituted aminobenzenethiols with enolizable heterocyclic ketones.
ChemInform Abstract: Copper‐Catalyzed Cycloaddition Between Secondary Phosphine Oxides and Alkynes: Synthesis of Benzophosphole Oxides.
Authors: Zhang Pengbo , Gao Yuzhen , Zhang Liangliang , Li Zhiqiang , Liu Yan , Tang Guo , Zhao Yufen
Published: May 2016

The use of phosphine oxides with substituted aryl moieties results in product mixtures due to rearrangement of the phosphorus substituent, e.
ChemInform Abstract: In‐situ Iodination of Organoarsenic Homocycles: Facile Synthesis of 9‐Arsafluorene.
Authors: Kato Takuji , Tanaka Susumu , Naka Kensuke
Published: May 2016

A novel and facile As—C bond formation method is developed and successfully applied to the synthesis of 9‐substituted arsafluorenes (III) and (V).
ChemInform Abstract: Furospirostanol and Spirostanol Saponins from the Rhizome of Tupistra chinensis and Their Cytotoxic and Antiinflammatory Activities.
Authors: Xiang Limin , Wang Yihai , Yi Xiaomin , Feng Jianying , He Xiangjiu
Published: May 2016

Nine new saponins are isolated and some of them show potent cytotoxic activities against cancer cell lines and significant inhibition on nitric oxide production.
ChemInform Abstract: Taichunamides: Prenylated Indole Alkaloids from Aspergillus taichungensis (IBT 19404).
Authors: Kagiyama Ippei , Kato Hikaru , Nehira Tatsuo , Frisvad Jens C. , Sherman David H. , Williams Robert M. , Tsukamoto Sachiko
Published: May 2016

The isolation of taichunamides A—G (I)—(VII) and the elucidation of their structures are reported.
ChemInform Abstract: Neosartoryadins A and B, Fumiquinazoline Alkaloids from a Mangrove‐Derived Fungus Neosartorya udagawae HDN13‐313.
Authors: Yu Guihong , Zhou Guoliang , Zhu Meilin , Wang Wei , Zhu Tianjiao , Gu Qianqun , Li Dehai
Published: May 2016

In addition to neosartoryadins A (Ia) and B (Ib), two new biogenetically related derivatives (IIa,b) are isolated.
ChemInform Abstract: Compositional and Interfacial Modification of Cu2ZnSn(S,Se)4 Thin‐Film Solar Cells Prepared by Electrochemical Deposition.
Authors: Kim Jin Young , et al.
Published: May 2016

A highly efficient Cu2ZnSn(S,Se)4 (CZTSSe)‐based thin‐film is prepared by electrochemically depositited on a Mo‐coated glass substrate using an aqueous solution of CuSO4, ZnSO4, SnCl2, and trisodium citrate (1.18 mA/cm2, 1200 s) followed by annealing in a vaporized Se atmosphere (1% H2S/Ar carrier gas; 550 °C, 15 min).
ChemInform Abstract: Metal Oxide/Graphene Composites for Supercapacitive Electrode Materials
Authors: Jeong Gyoung Hwa , Baek Seungmin , Lee Seungyeol , Kim Sang‐Wook
Published: May 2016

Review: 142 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Metal Complexes Based on Native Cyclodextrins: Synthesis and Structural Diversity
Authors: Prochowicz Daniel , Kornowicz Arkadiusz , Justyniak Iwona , Lewinski Janusz
Published: May 2016

Review: 44 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Regioselectivity of the Insertion of RNSO(S) and RCN into the M—L Bonds of the Tungsten Chlorocomplexes
Authors: Ovchinnikova N. A. , Sinyakov A. E.
Published: May 2016

Review: 39 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Cluster Preface: BINOL Phosphates for Chemistry
Authors: Akiyama Takahiko
Published: May 2016

Review: [17 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Stereoselective Halogenation in Natural Product Synthesis
Authors: Chung Won‐jin , Vanderwal Christopher D.
Published: May 2016

Review: [167 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Generation, Reactivity and Uses of Sulfines in Organic Synthesis
Authors: McCaw Patrick G. , Buckley Naomi M. , Collins Stuart G. , Maguire Anita R.
Published: May 2016

Review: 154 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthetic Approaches to Construct the 6,8‐DOBCO Framework in Natural Products
Authors: Zhang Wei , Tong Rongbiao
Published: May 2016

Review: [58 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Recent Developments in General Methodologies for the Synthesis of α‐Ketoamides
Authors: De Risi Carmela , Pollini Gian Piero , Zanirato Vinicio
Published: May 2016

Review: 285 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthetic Approaches Towards Alkaloids Bearing α‐Tertiary Amines
Authors: Hager Anastasia , Vrielink Nina , Hager Dominik , Lefranc Julien , Trauner Dirk
Published: May 2016

Review: 396 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: 5‐Chloropyrazole‐4‐carboxaldehydes as Synthon in Heterocyclic Synthesis
Authors: Gouda Moustafa A. , Abu‐Hashem Ameen A. , Saad Hamada H. , Elattar Khaled M.
Published: May 2016

Review: 100 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Molecular Interactions Between Ammonium‐based Ionic Liquids and Molecular Solvents: Current Progress and Challenges
Authors: Govinda Varadhi , Venkatesu Pannuru , Bahadur Indra
Published: May 2016

Review: 211 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Chemistry and Biology of Microsomal Prostaglandin E2 Synthase‐1 (mPGES‐1) Inhibitors as Novel Antiinflammatory Agents: Recent Developments and Current Status
Authors: Khurana Puneet , Jachak Sanjay M.
Published: May 2016

Review: 130 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Recent Progress on Third Generation Covalent EGFR Inhibitors
Authors: Cheng Hengmiao , Nair Sajiv K. , Murray Brion W.
Published: May 2016

Review: 44 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Fundamental Developments in Infrared Spectroscopic Imaging for Biomedical Applications
Authors: Pilling Michael , Gardner Peter
Published: May 2016

Review: 165 refs.
Hydrate phase equilibrium for CH4‐CO2‐H2O system in porous media
Authors: Song Yongchen , Wang Shenglong , Jiang Lanlan , Zhang Yi , Yang Mingjun
Published: May 2016

CO2/CH4 replacement in hydrate exploitation is considered a promising method to enhance natural gas production and mitigate the greenhouse effect. Since the gas concentration in mining hydrate sediment changes with the displacement process, it is crucial to investigate the hydrate formation and dissociation characteristics with the presence of different gas mixtures. To obtain fundamental thermodynamic data, CO2/CH4 gas mixture hydrate phase equilibrium conditions in porous media were experimentally investigated. The experiments were conducted at 276.55–284.85 K and 2.10–6.80 MPa using an isochoric method with different CO2/CH4 gas mixture compositions (CO2 mole fractions were 0.798, 0.499, and 0.199 mol/mol (79.8, 49.9, and 19.9 mol%)). The results showed that gas mixtures with higher CO2 mole fractions had lower hydrate equilibrium pressure (p) under the same temperature (T) according to the experimental data. The two different porous media used in the experiments had a slight influence on gas mixture hydrate phase equilibrium conditions. An improved thermodynamic model was proposed to calculate the CO2/CH4 hydrate phase equilibrium conditions in porous media, and the prediction results fitted closely to the experimental data.
Rational Development of Novel Activity Probes for the Analysis of Human Cytochromes P450
Authors: Sellars Jonathan D. , Skipsey Mark , Sadr‐ul‐Shaheed  , Gravell Sebastian , Abumansour Hamza , Kashtl Ghasaq , Irfan Jawaria , Khot Mohamed , Pors Klaus , Patterson Laurence H. , Sutton Chris W.
Published: May 2016

The identification and quantification of functional cytochromes P450 (CYPs) in biological samples is proving important for robust analyses of drug efficacy and metabolic disposition. In this study, a novel CYP activity‐based probe was rationally designed and synthesised, demonstrating selective binding of CYP isoforms. The dependence of probe binding upon the presence of NADPH permits the selective detection of functionally active CYP. This allows the detection and analysis of these enzymes using biochemical and proteomic methodologies and approaches.
Assessment of a Heuristic Model for Characterization of Magnetic Nanoparticles as Contrast Agent in MRI
Authors: Félix‐González Nazario , Urbano‐Bojorge Ana Lorena , Mina‐Rosales Alejandra , del Pozo‐Guerrero Francisco , Serrano‐Olmedo José Javier
Published: May 2016

In magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), the use of magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) as contrast agent (CA) greatly enhances the possibility to identify several diseases hardly diagnosed by other means. The efficacy of a new CA is described by the longitudinal and transverse relaxivity. Nuclear Magnetic Relaxation Dispersion (NMRD) profiles represent the evolution of relaxivities with magnetic field. Many efforts have been taken to develop theoretical models to depict water proton relaxation in presence of magnetic compounds. The use of theoretical models in junction with NMRD profiles has become a powerful tool to characterize MNPs as CA. In this work, a heuristical theoretical model was implemented, verified and assessed with different magnetic materials. It has been demonstrated that the model works well when using iron cores but fails with other magnetic compounds. A weighting factor associated with Langevin function was introduced to the model. This extra calibration enables the model to be used with other magnetic compounds to characterize new CAs in MRI.
Risk of second gonadal cancers in women and children with germ cell tumors
Authors: Liao Zi Wei , Rodrigues Maria Clarissa , Poynter Jenny N. , Amatruda James F. , Rodriguez‐Galindo Carlos , Frazier A. Lindsay
Published: May 2016

BACKGROUND

Men with testicular cancer have an increased risk of developing cancer in the contralateral testis, but the risks of second gonadal cancers (SGCs) in women and children treated for germ cell tumors (GCTs) have not previously been quantified.

METHODS

The incidence of SGCs was ascertained in patients who had survived for at least 1 year after GCT diagnosis using data from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results SEER 9 registries (1980‐2012). Relative risks of SGCs were estimated separately for boys, women, and girls compared with men based on Poisson regression analysis.

RESULTS

The cohort included 21,546 individuals (1116 boys, 827 women, 622 girls, and 18,981 men). A total of 25 SGCs were identified in boys, 1 in women, and 2 in girls compared with 254 in men. The risk of SGC in postpubertal boys (aged ≥10 years) was comparable to that of adult men (boys: standardized incidence ratio, 15.90; 95% confidence interval, 10.29‐23.47; men: standardized incidence ratio, 10.88; 95% confidence interval, 9.58‐12.30). However, no SGCs were observed in boys who were diagnosed with a testicular GCT before age 10 years (N = 179). An elevated risk of SGC was also not observed for women or girls.

CONCLUSIONS

The apparent lack of an SGC in prepubertal boys suggests that susceptibility is either age‐dependent and/or histology‐dependent. The sex differences in the risk of SGC suggest differences in the etiology of ovarian versus testicular GCT. The finding that the risk of SGCs in postpubertal boys is similar to that observed in men indicates that long‐term follow‐up for SGC is warranted in postpubertal boys. Cancer 2016;122:2076–82. © 2016 American Cancer Society.
Change in chemotherapy during concurrent radiation followed by surgery after a suboptimal positron emission tomography response to induction chemotherapy improves outcomes for locally advanced esophageal adenocarcinoma
Authors: Ku Geoffrey Y. , Kriplani Anuja , Janjigian Yelena Y. , Kelsen David P. , Rusch Valerie W. , Bains Manjit , Chou Joanne , Capanu Marinela , Wu Abraham J. , Goodman Karyn A. , Ilson David H.
Published: May 2016

BACKGROUND

A positron emission tomography (PET) scan after induction chemotherapy before preoperative chemoradiation and surgery for esophageal adenocarcinoma predicts outcomes. Some patients with progression on PET after induction chemotherapy had long‐term overall survival (OS) when they were changed to alternative chemotherapy during radiation.

METHODS

This study retrospectively reviewed esophageal adenocarcinoma patients who received induction chemotherapy and chemoradiation before planned surgery; all had undergone a PET scan before and after induction chemotherapy.

RESULTS

There were 201 patients, and 113 (56%) were PET responders (≥35% decrease in the maximum standardized uptake value of the tumor). All PET responders received the same chemotherapy during radiation, whereas 38 of the 88 PET nonresponders (43%) changed chemotherapy. Among the 152 patients who underwent surgery, the pathologic complete response rate was 15% for PET responders and 3% for PET nonresponders who did not change chemotherapy (P = .046). The median progression‐free survival (PFS; 18.9 vs 10.0 months, P < 0.01) and OS (37 vs 25.3 months, P = .02) were significantly better for PET responders versus PET nonresponders who did not change chemotherapy. The median PFS for PET nonresponders who changed chemotherapy was 17.9 months, and it was superior to the median PFS for PET nonresponders who did not change chemotherapy (P = .01). For PET nonresponders, the 5‐year OS rates were 37% for those who changed chemotherapy and 25% for those who did not change chemotherapy (P = .18).

CONCLUSIONS

A PET scan after induction chemotherapy predicts outcomes for locally advanced esophageal adenocarcinoma patients who undergo chemoradiation and surgery. The median PFS is improved, and trends toward improved OS appear possible in PET nonresponders who change chemotherapy during radiation. The fully accrued Cancer and Leukemia Group B 80803 study (NCT01333033) is evaluating this strategy. Cancer 2016;122:2083–90. © 2016 American Cancer Society.
Deferred therapy is associated with improved overall survival in patients with newly diagnosed mantle cell lymphoma
Authors: Cohen Jonathon B. , Han Xuesong , Jemal Ahmedin , Ward Elizabeth M. , Flowers Christopher R.
Published: May 2016

BACKGROUND

Despite efforts at risk stratification in mantle cell lymphoma (MCL), most patients are treated aggressively at the time of diagnosis. Prior reports have suggested that a subset of patients with MCL may safely defer therapy. A national cohort analysis using the National Cancer Data Base was performed to evaluate the role of deferred therapy in MCL.

METHODS

Patients diagnosed with MCL between 2004 and 2011 were included, and they were divided into deferred‐therapy (time from diagnosis to treatment > 90 days) and immediate‐therapy groups. Differences between the groups were described with chi‐square tests, and multivariate regression models were constructed to identify factors associated with deferred therapy and improved overall survival (OS).

RESULTS

There were 8029 patients, and 492 (6%) received deferred therapy with a median time to initial treatment of 121 days (range, 91‐1152 days). Patients who deferred therapy were more likely to have stage I or II disease and extranodal involvement and were less likely to have B symptoms. In addition, deferred patients were more likely to be treated at a high‐volume teaching/research institution and to reside in the Northeast or West region. Deferred therapy was an independent predictor of OS for all patients with MCL. Among patients who deferred therapy, predictors of improved OS included male sex, a younger age, and a lack of comorbidities.

CONCLUSIONS

Deferred therapy is a safe option for a subset of patients with MCL. Further study is required to better identify the best candidates for deferred therapy according to baseline risk stratification in MCL. Cancer 2016;122:2356–2363. © 2016 American Cancer Society.
The Physics and Physical Chemistry of Molecular Machines
Authors: Astumian R. Dean , Mukherjee Shayantani , Warshel Arieh
Published: May 2016

The concept of a “power stroke”—a free‐energy releasing conformational change—appears in almost every textbook that deals with the molecular details of muscle, the flagellar rotor, and many other biomolecular machines. Here, it is shown by using the constraints of microscopic reversibility that the power stroke model is incorrect as an explanation of how chemical energy is used by a molecular machine to do mechanical work. Instead, chemically driven molecular machines operating under thermodynamic constraints imposed by the reactant and product concentrations in the bulk function as information ratchets in which the directionality and stopping torque or stopping force are controlled entirely by the gating of the chemical reaction that provides the fuel for the machine. The gating of the chemical free energy occurs through chemical state dependent conformational changes of the molecular machine that, in turn, are capable of generating directional mechanical motions. In strong contrast to this general conclusion for molecular machines driven by catalysis of a chemical reaction, a power stroke may be (and often is) an essential component for a molecular machine driven by external modulation of pH or redox potential or by light. This difference between optical and chemical driving properties arises from the fundamental symmetry difference between the physics of optical processes, governed by the Bose–Einstein relations, and the constraints of microscopic reversibility for thermally activated processes.
Biochemical Analysis of Microbial Rhodopsins
Authors: Maresca Julia A. , Keffer Jessica L. , Miller Kelsey J.
Published: May 2016

Ion‐pumping rhodopsins transfer ions across the microbial cell membrane in a light‐dependent fashion. As the rate of biochemical characterization of microbial rhodopsins begins to catch up to the rate of microbial rhodopsin identification in environmental and genomic sequence data sets, in vitro analysis of their light‐absorbing properties and in vivo analysis of ion pumping will remain critical to characterizing these proteins. As we learn more about the variety of physiological roles performed by microbial rhodopsins in different cell types and environments, observing the localization patterns of the rhodopsins and/or quantifying the number of rhodopsin‐bearing cells in natural environments will become more important. Here, we provide protocols for purification of rhodopsin‐containing membranes, detection of ion pumping, and observation of functional rhodopsins in laboratory and environmental samples using total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy. © 2016 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Teredo tunneling‐based secure transmission between UAVs and ground ad hoc networks
Authors: Sharma Vishal , Kumar Rajesh
Published: May 2016

Coordination between distributed ad hoc units requires ambient intelligence to form a guidance system. The network formed by this coordination comprises two variedly operating ad hoc units. One such coordinating network is formed between the unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) and the ground nodes. Such network formations require highly sensitive and fault‐tolerant data transfer over the secure channels. A secure channel is required that can ensure the secure connectivity between nodes of the two networks. This secure channel can be realized using a teredo tunneling approach. Using this approach, a service‐oriented security framework is developed. The proposed framework focuses over security in terms of cognitive, corridor, and localization of the multi‐UAV guided system based on the estimation of teredo units using Gauss–Markov‐based α − β − γ filter. The effectiveness of the proposed approach is demonstrated, with significant improvements in terms of system fairness, data delivery ratio, network throughput, and average delays in comparison with the baseline and Hubenko architecture. The proposed model provides 16.25% better fairness, 12% better data rate, 15.7% better throughput, and 10.3% lesser delays than the baseline and 12.9% better fairness, 10% better data rate, 8% better throughput, and 7.9% lesser delays than the Hubenko architecture. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Perceived pain extent is associated with disability, depression and self‐efficacy in individuals with whiplash‐associated disorders
Authors: Falla D. , Peolsson A. , Peterson G. , Ludvigsson M.L. , Soldini E. , Schneebeli A. , Barbero M.
Published: May 2016

Background

Completion of a pain drawing is a familiar task in those presenting with whiplash‐associated disorders (WAD). Some people report pain almost over their entire body. Yet the reasons for larger pain extent have not been fully explored.

Methods

A novel method was applied to quantify pain extent from the pain drawings of 205 individuals with chronic WAD. Pain extent was evaluated in relation to sex, age, educational level, insurance status and financial status. Multiple linear regression analysis was used to verify whether pain extent was associated with other health indicators including perceived pain and disability, health‐related quality of life, pain catastrophizing, anxiety, depression and self‐efficacy.

Results

Pain extent was influenced by sex (χ2:10.392, p < 0.001) with larger pain extent in women compared to men (7.88 ± 7.66% vs. 5.40 ± 6.44%). People with unsettled insurance claims (χ2: 7.500, p < 0.05) and those with a worse financial situation (χ2:12.223, p < 0.01) also had larger pain extent. Multiple linear regression models revealed that, when accounting for age, sex, education, insurance status, financial status and neck pain intensity, pain extent remained associated with perceived disability (p < 0.01), depression (p < 0.05) and self‐efficacy (p < 0.001).

Conclusion

By utilizing a novel method for pain extent quantification, this study shows that widespread pain is associated with a number of factors including perceived disability, depression and self‐efficacy in individuals with chronic WAD. Widespread pain should alert the clinician to consider more specific psychological screening, particularly for depression and self‐efficacy, in patients with WAD.

What does this study add?

Women with chronic WAD, those with unsettled insurance claims and those with poorer financial status perceive more widespread pain.

When controlling for these factors, larger pain areas remain associated with perceived pain and disability, depression and self‐efficacy.

The pain drawing is useful to support psychological screening in people with chronic WAD.
Trading the VIX Futures Roll and Volatility Premiums with VIX Options
Authors: Simon David P.
Published: May 2016

This study examines VIX option trading strategies based on the systematic tendencies of VIX futures from January 2007 through March 2014. The strategies involve buying VIX options to exploit the tendency of VIX futures to rise and fall when the VIX futures curve is in backwardation and in contango, respectively, as well as the tendency of VIX futures ex ante volatility premiums to spike and then revert to more typical levels. Subject to caveats about the often wide VIX option bid–ask spread quotes in the first few years of trading, the results demonstrate that these limited risk strategies are highly profitable. An important factor driving the results is that long VIX option strategies greatly benefit from a tendency of VIX option implied volatilities to rise with increases in the volatilities of underlying VIX futures contracts, as the latter move toward settlement and their volatilities converge to the typically higher volatility of the VIX. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Jrl Fut Mark 37:184–208, 2017
Trisomy 8 in pediatric acute myeloid leukemia: A NOPHO‐AML study
Authors: Laursen Anne Cathrine Lund , Sandahl Julie Damgaard , Kjeldsen Eigil , Abrahamsson Jonas , Asdahl Peter , Ha Shau‐Yin , Heldrup Jesper , Jahnukainen Kirsi , Jónsson Ólafur G. , Lausen Birgitte , Palle Josefine , Zeller Bernward , Forestier Erik , Hasle Henrik
Published: May 2016

Trisomy 8 (+8) is a common cytogenetic aberration in acute myeloid leukemia (AML); however, the impact of +8 in pediatric AML is largely unknown. We retrospectively investigated 609 patients from the NOPHO‐AML database to determine the clinical and cytogenetic characteristics of +8 in pediatric AML and to investigate its prognostic impact. Complete cytogenetic data were available in 596 patients (98%) aged 0–18 years, diagnosed from 1993 to 2012, and treated according to the NOPHO‐AML 1993 and 2004 protocols in the Nordic countries and Hong Kong. We identified 86 patients (14%) with +8. Trisomy 8 was combined with other cytogenetic aberrations in 68 patients (11%) (+8 other) and in 18 patients (3%), it was the sole abnormality (+8 alone). Trisomy 8 was associated with FAB M5 (36%) but otherwise clinically comparable with non‐trisomy 8 patients. Trisomy 8 was favorable in patients of young age and with t(9;11). Trisomy 8 alone was associated with older age (median age 10.1 years), FAB M2 (33%), and FLT3‐ITD mutations (58%). The 5‐year event‐free survival for patients with +8 alone was 50% and 5‐year overall survival was 75%. In conclusion, +8 is one of the most common cytogenetic aberrations in pediatric AML. Trisomy 8 positive AML is a heterogeneous group and the majority of cases have additional cytogenetic aberrations. Patients with +8 alone differed from patients with +8 other and were associated with older age, FAB M2, and FLT3‐ITD aberrations. There were no differences in survival despite the more frequent occurrence of FLT3‐ITD in +8 alone. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Just What Is the Disability Perspective on Disability?
Authors: Shakespeare Tom
Published: May 2016

In the helpful article “Why Bioethics Needs a Disability Moral Psychology,” Joseph Stramondo adds to the critique of actually existing bioethics and explains why disability activists and scholars so often find fault with the arguments of bioethicists. He is careful not to stereotype either community—rightly, given that bioethicists endorse positions as disparate as utilitarianism, deontology, virtue ethics, and feminist ethics, among others. Although Stramondo never explicitly mentions utilitarians or liberals, it seems probable that these are the main targets of his discontent. The disability community, as he concedes, is also a broad church. Yet for this reason, I do not believe that you can read off positions on bioethics questions from either disability embodiment or disability organization affiliation.
Substrates of metacognition on perception and metacognition on higher‐order cognition relate to different subsystems of the mentalizing network
Authors: Valk Sofie L. , Bernhardt Boris C. , Böckler Anne , Kanske Philipp , Singer Tania
Published: May 2016

Humans have the ability to reflect upon their perception, thoughts, and actions, known as metacognition (MC). The brain basis of MC is incompletely understood, and it is debated whether MC on different processes is subserved by common or divergent networks. We combined behavioral phenotyping with multi‐modal neuroimaging to investigate whether structural substrates of individual differences in MC on higher‐order cognition (MC‐C) are dissociable from those underlying MC on perceptual accuracy (MC‐P). Motivated by conceptual work suggesting a link between MC and cognitive perspective taking, we furthermore tested for overlaps between MC substrates and mentalizing networks. In a large sample of healthy adults, individual differences in MC‐C and MC‐P did not correlate. MRI‐based cortical thickness mapping revealed a structural basis of this independence, by showing that individual differences in MC‐P related to right prefrontal cortical thickness, while MC‐C scores correlated with measures in lateral prefrontal, temporo‐parietal, and posterior midline regions. Surface‐based superficial white matter diffusivity analysis revealed substrates resembling those seen for cortical thickness, confirming the divergence of both MC faculties using an independent imaging marker. Despite their specificity, substrates of MC‐C and MC‐P fell clearly within networks known to participate in mentalizing, confirmed by task‐based fMRI in the same subjects, previous meta‐analytical findings, and ad‐hoc Neurosynth‐based meta‐analyses. Our integrative multi‐method approach indicates domain‐specific substrates of MC; despite their divergence, these nevertheless likely rely on component processes mediated by circuits also involved in mentalizing. Hum Brain Mapp 37:3388–3399, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Hydrochemical Effect of Different Quality of Water on the Behaviour of an Expansive Soil During Wetting and Drying Cycles
Authors: Estabragh A.R. , Moghadas M. , Javadi A.A.
Published: May 2016

The effect of quality of water on deformation, pH, EC (electrical conductivity) and osmotic suction was studied for an expansive soil during wetting and drying tests. The cyclic wetting and drying tests were conducted on samples of an expansive soil in a modified oedometer flooded with distilled, acidic and saline water. During the tests axial deformation of the samples was recorded continuously. pH and EC of pore water and reservoir water were measured through duplicated samples in a conventional oedometer. Osmotic suction was calculated based on the values of EC. The results show that the magnitude of deformation depends on the quality of the water and the deformation attained an equilibrium condition after almost four cycles. pH, EC and osmotic suction decreased with increasing suction. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Visualizing Particle Movement in Cylindrical Drip Irrigation Emitters with Digital Particle Image Velocimetry
Authors: Feng Ji , Li Yunkai , Sun Haosu , Song Peng , Liu Haisheng
Published: May 2016

On the basis of precise analysis of the structure of the cylindrical emitter, we brought forward a testing method to visualize the particle movement with the model of the last stage unit segment of the flow path in the cylindrical emitter and digital particle image velocimetry (DPIV) technology. The movement characteristics of 10, 50 and 100 µm particles were tested. The results showed that the method was reasonable and effective. The distribution characteristics of flow velocity and vortex in the flow path inside the emitter were not changed when the 50 and 100 µm particles existed. However, the maximum velocities of particles in the centre area and the flow velocities of particles in the near‐wall area decreased, and the following characteristics of particles in the mutation area of the flow path became weakened. The secondary flow whirlpool area still existed in the water flow in the cross section of the flow path, showing an obvious phase separation phenomenon. A flow‐around cylinder structure could be set up in the low flow velocity area based on the Karman Vortex Street Principle in order to enhance its anti‐clogging capability. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Academic Language Across Content Areas: Lessons From an Innovative Assessment and From Students’ Reflections About Language
Authors: Uccelli Paola , Phillips Galloway Emily
Published: May 2016

Educators are aware of the need to promote students’ academic language to support text comprehension. Yet, besides teaching academic vocabulary, many educators continue to ask, What would this instruction entail? Guided by a new framework known as core academic language skills (CALS), the authors’ research focuses on delineating core language skills that contribute to reading comprehension to make them more visible to educators and researchers. In this article, findings from two studies are integrated to argue for a mixed‐methods approach to advance academic language research and pedagogy. In study 1, the authors assessed upper elementary/middle school students’ CALS and quantitatively examined the association between CALS and reading comprehension. In study 2, the authors used qualitative methods to collect and analyze students’ oral reflections about academic language. Key findings from these studies and their implications for academic language pedagogy in today's schools are discussed.
Density Functional Theory Calculation on the Dissociation Mechanism of Nitric Oxide Catalyzed by Cu4 Cluster in ZSM‐5 (Cu4‐ZSM‐5) and Bimetal Cu3Fe in ZSM‐5 (Cu3Fe‐ZSM‐5)
Authors: Yeh Chen‐Hao , Ho Jia‐Jen
Published: May 2016

Zeolite‐based catalysts have been investigated as a well‐known catalyst in a selectively catalytic reduction (SCR), in the conversion of NO to N2 molecule. Here we have performed periodic DFT calculations to simulate pure metal, Cu4, and bimetal Cu3Fe clusters, on the ZSM‐5 by introducing a single Al atom in the unit cell of ZSM‐5 (Si/Al ratio=95). The calculated results show that the most stable structures of both Cu4 and Cu3Fe clusters in ZSM‐5 are both Td configuration. In addition, the NO bond length would be elongated from 1.15 Å to 1.25∼1.30 Å in the adsorption of NO on metal‐cluster stabilized zeolites (both Cu4‐ZSM‐5 and Cu3Fe‐ZSM‐5), being longer than the counterparts on single‐metal anchored zeolites. Furthermore, the calculated NO bond cleavage barrier on Cu3Fe‐ZSM‐5 was lower than its counterparts on Cu4‐ZSM‐5. To understand the electronic properties, we performed the calculation of Bader charge analysis and local densities of states, and the result was explicable.
Fast and Effective Turn‐on Paper‐based Phosphorescence Biosensor for Detection of Glucose in Serum
Authors: Chen Yi‐An , Tsai Fu‐Ju , Zeng Yu‐Ting , Wang Jing‐Chang , Hong Chia Ping , Huang Pin‐Hsuan , Chuang Hsiang‐Ling , Lin Shih‐Yao , Chan Chu‐Ting , Ko Yu‐Chien , Chou Yi‐Chieh , Lin Tien‐Li , Lee Gene‐Hsiang , Ho Mei‐Lin
Published: May 2016

In this study, a turn‐on paper‐based optical analytical system with a rapid, sensitive and quantitative response for glucose was developed. The luminescence sensing material, crystalline iridium(III)‐Zn(II) coordination polymers, or Ir‐Zne, was grown electrochemically on stainless steel mesh and then deposited on filter paper. This sensing substrate was subsequently built up under glucose oxidase encapsulated in hydrogel and then immobilized on egg membrane with the layer‐by‐layer method. Once the glucose solution was dropped onto the paper, the oxygen content was depleted simultaneously with a concomitant increase in the phosphorescence of Ir‐Zne. The detection limit for glucose was 0.05 mM. The linear dynamic range for the determination of glucose was 0.05–8.0 mM with a correlation coefficient (R2) of 0.9956 (y=68.11 [glucose]−14.72). The response time was about 0.12 s, and the sample volume was less than 5 μL. The effects of mesh size, buffer concentration, pH, enzyme concentration, temperature, and interference, and the stability of the biosensor, have also been studied in detail. Finally, the biosensor was successfully applied to the determination of glucose in human serum.
Modified Capillary Electrophoresis for Highly Sensitive and Selective Detection of Hg2+ in Natural Water
Authors: Wang Junwei , Wang Yufang , Dong Yanjie , Lu Lu , Li Qianqian , Wang Zhongling , Zhang Yuanguang
Published: May 2016

A novel capillary with high sensitivity and selectivity for mercury ion detection based on modified nanosize silica has been designed and synthesized. The obtained modified capillary was applied to separate and determine mercury ion by capillary electrophoresis with a laser‐induced fluorescence detector. The optimal experimental conditions were determined by evaluating various controlling factors: running buffer hexamine‐HCl 15 mmol L−1, pH=5.2, separation voltage 30 kV and temperature 25 °C. The modified capillary exhibited excellent sensitivity and selectivity for Hg2+ over other coexisting metal ions (K+, Ag+, Ca2+, Mg2+, Ba2+, Ni2+, Cd2+, Pb2+ and Zn2+ increased to 10000 times of Hg2+, Cu2+ increased to 5000 times) in aqueous solution, and was successfully applied to the determination of Hg2+ in natural water samples and displayed satisfactory results.
General morphology and ultrastructure of the female reproductive apparatus of Trichomalopsis shirakii crawford (Hymenoptera, Pteromalidae)
Authors: Mao Ning , Tang Pu , Tian Hong‐Wei , Shi Min , Chen Xue‐Xin
Published: May 2016

The morphology and ultrastructure of the female reproductive system were examined for a larval–pupal parasitoid Trichomalopsis shirakii Crawford of Oulema oryzae Kuwayama using light and electron microscopes. The reproductive system includes two ovaries, two pairs of accessory glands, an unbranched venom gland, a large venom reservoir and a Dufour gland. Each ovariole contains follicles and oocytes at different stages of maturation. A fibrous layer covers the surface of mature egg. The accessory glands are made up of a layer of secretory cells surrounded by muscle fibers. In these secretory cells, numerous mitochondria, electron‐dense secretory granules and vesicles filled with dense granular particles are present. These granular particles appear as virus‐like particles (VLPs). The venom gland consists of a single layer of secretory cells which are organelle rich with abundant rough endoplasmic reticulum, mitochondria and vesicular organelles, a layer of duct cells and an inner intima. The reservoir consists of a muscular sheath, epidermal cells with few organelles and an intima layer. The Dufour gland has a relatively large lumen surrounded by a single layer of columnar epithelial cells which are characterized by clusters of smooth endoplasmic reticulum and lipid droplets. Aside from the venom, the fibrous layer coating the egg and the granular particles which may be VLPs have been discovered in our study. They may serve as one of the parasitoid‐associated factors in their host–parasitoid relationship and play a role in host immune suppression. Microsc. Res. Tech. 79:625–636, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Uniquely Cycle‐Saturated Graphs
Authors: Wenger Paul S. , West Douglas B.
Published: May 2016

Given a graph F, a graph G is uniquely F‐saturated if F is not a subgraph of G and adding any edge of the complement to G completes exactly one copy of F. In this article, we study uniquely ‐saturated graphs. We prove the following: (1) a graph is uniquely C5‐saturated if and only if it is a friendship graph. (2) There are no uniquely C6‐saturated graphs or uniquely C7‐saturated graphs. (3) For , there are only finitely many uniquely ‐saturated graphs (we conjecture that in fact there are none). Additionally, our results show that there are finitely many k‐friendship graphs (as defined by Kotzig) for .
A comparative ultrastructural analysis of spermatozoa in Pleurodema (Anura, Leptodactylidae, Leiuperinae)
Authors: Cruz Julio C. , Ferraro Daiana P. , Farías Alejandro , Santos Julio S. , Recco‐Pimentel Shirlei M. , Faivovich Julián , Hermida Gladys N.
Published: May 2016

This study describes the spermatozoa of 10 of the 15 species of the Neotropical frog genus Pleurodema through transmission electron microscopy. The diversity of oviposition modes coupled with a recent phylogenetic hypothesis of Pleurodema makes it an interesting group for the study of ultrastructural sperm evolution in relation to fertilization environment and egg‐clutch structure. We found that Pleurodema has an unusual variability in sperm morphology. The more variable structures were the acrosomal complex, the midpiece, and the tail. The acrosomal complex has all the structures commonly reported in hyloid frogs but with different degree of development of the subacrosomal cone. Regarding the midpiece, the variability is given by the presence or absence of the mitochondrial collar. Finally, the tail is the most variable structure, ranging from single (only axoneme) to more complex (presence of paraxonemal rod, cytoplasmic sheath, and undulating membrane), with the absence of the typical axial fiber present in hyloid frogs, also shared with some other genera of Leiuperinae. J. Morphol. 277:957–977, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Prediction of solar radiation in China using different adaptive neuro‐fuzzy methods and M5 model tree
Authors: Wang Lunche , Kisi Ozgur , Zounemat‐Kermani Mohammad , Zhu Zhongmin , Gong Wei , Niu Zigeng , Liu Hongfu , Liu Zhengjia
Published: May 2016

Solar radiation is one of the major factors for agricultural, meteorological and ecological applications. In this study, two different optimized adaptive neuro‐fuzzy inference systems (ANFIS), ANFIS with grid partition (ANFIS‐GP) and ANFIS with subtractive clustering (ANFIS‐SC), and M5Tree (M5Tree) methods are proposed for modelling daily global solar radiation (G). Daily meteorological variables at 21 stations in China are used for training and testing the applied models, which is evaluated through root mean square errors (RMSE), mean absolute errors (MAE) and determination coefficient (R2). Above models will be compared with a calibrated empirical Ångström model and the results indicate that the ANFIS models provide better accuracy than the M5Tree and empirical method, for example, the RMSE values for ANFIS‐SC, ANFIS‐GP, M5Tree and the Ångström model range 2.10–3.08, 2.07–3.08, 2.79–3.87 and 2.54–3.69 MJ m−2 day−1, respectively. The model performances also show some differences at different stations for each model, for example, the ANFIS models produce the most accurate estimations at station 58238, while M5Tree brings the best accuracy at the station 51777. Meanwhile, the models underestimate high radiation values for some stations, which may due to the differences in training and testing data ranges and distribution of the stations. Finally, the reasons for the differences in model performance are investigated in detail.
Ex Vivo and In Vitro Studies on the Cytotoxicity and Immunomodulative Properties of Poly(2‐isopropenyl‐2‐oxazoline) as a New Type of Biomedical Polymer
Authors: Kroneková Zuzana , Mikulec Marcel , Petrenčíková Nadežda , Paulovičová Ema , Paulovičová Lucia , Jančinová Viera , Nosál' Radomír , Reddy Palem S. , Shimoga Ganesh D. , Chorvát Dušan , Kronek Juraj
Published: May 2016

Poly(2‐alkenyl‐2‐oxazoline)s are promising functional polymers for a variety of biomedical applications, such as drug delivery systems, peptide conjugates, or gene delivery. In this study, poly(2‐isopropenyl‐2‐oxazoline) (PIPOx) is prepared through free‐radical polymerization initiated with azobisisobutyronitrile. Reactive 2‐oxazoline units in the side chain support an addition reaction with different compounds containing a carboxylic group, which facilitates the preparation of polymers labeled with two different fluorescent dyes. The cytotoxicities of 2‐oxazoline monomers, PIPOx, and fluorescently labeled PIPOx are evaluated in vitro using an 3‐(4,5‐Dimethyldiazol‐2‐yl)‐2,5‐diphenyl tetrazolium bromide assay and ex vivo using a cell proliferation assay with adenosine triphosphate bioluminescence. The cell uptake of labeled PIPOx is used to determine the colocalization of PIPOx with cell organelles that are part of the endocytic pathway. For the first time, it is shown that poly(2‐isopropenyl‐2‐oxazoline) is a biocompatible material and is suitable for biomedical applications; further, its immunomodulative properties are evaluated.

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A New Strategy to Microporous Polypyrrole Networks Based on Condensation of Pyrrole and Diketone
Authors: Melhi Saad , Ding Xuesong , Liu Zhi‐Wei , Cao Cong‐Xiao , Han Bao‐Hang
Published: May 2016

A new synthesis route to novel porous organic polymers is reported based on condensation of pyrrole and diketone in the presence of an acid. The structure of obtained polymer is confirmed by Fourier transform infrared and solid‐state 13C nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. The resulting polypyrrole network with high Brunauer–Emmet–Teller specific surface area over 650 m2 g−1, possesses gas uptake capacities, that is, hydrogen (0.70 wt% at 77 K), carbon dioxide (8.5 wt% at 273 K), and methane (0.95 wt% at 273 K) at 1.0 bar. The facile preparation strategy on the basis of condensation of pyrrole and diketone will provide an avenue to prepare porous organic polymers.

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Imidazolium‐Based Poly(ionic liquid)/Ionic Liquid Ion‐Gels with High Ionic Conductivity Prepared from a Curable Poly(ionic liquid)
Authors: Cowan Matthew G. , Lopez Alexander M. , Masuda Miyuki , Kohno Yuki , McDanel William M. , Noble Richard D. , Gin Douglas L.
Published: May 2016

Ionic liquid (IL)‐based ion‐gel membranes were prepared from a curable poly(IL)‐based materials platform with the free ILs 1‐ethyl‐3‐methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide ([EMIM][TFSI]), bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide ([EMIM][FSI]), 1‐butylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide ([C4IMH][TFSI]), and ethylmethylammonium nitrate [EAN][NO3] and evaluated for their ionic conductivity performance at ambient and elevated temperatures. The resulting cross‐linked, free‐standing ion‐gel membranes were found to have less than 1 wt% water (with the exception of [EAN][NO3] which contained ≈20 wt% water). Increasing free IL content from 50 to 80 wt% produces materials with ionic conductivity values ≥10–2 S cm−1 at 25 °C and ≈10–1 S cm−1 at 110 °C. Additionally, ion‐gels containing 70 wt% of the protic ILs [C4IMH][TFSI] and [EMIM][FSI] display ionic conductivity values of ≈10–3 to 10−2 S cm−1 over the temperature range of 25–110 °C.

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Intrusion detection in mobile ad hoc networks: techniques, systems, and future challenges
Authors: Kumar Sunil , Dutta Kamlesh
Published: May 2016

In recent years, Mobile Ad hoc NETworks (MANETs) have generated great interest among researchers in the development of theoretical and practical concepts, and their implementation under several computing environments. However, MANETs are highly susceptible to various security attacks due to their inherent characteristics. In order to provide adequate security against multi‐level attacks, the researchers are of the opinion that detection‐based schemes should be incorporated in addition to traditionally used prevention techniques because prevention‐based techniques cannot prevent the attacks from compromised internal nodes. Intrusion detection system is an effective defense mechanism that detects and prevents the security attacks at various levels. This paper tries to provide a structured and comprehensive survey of most prominent intrusion detection techniques of recent past and present for MANETs in accordance with technology layout and detection algorithms. These detection techniques are broadly classified into nine categories based on their primary detection engine/(s). Further, an attempt has been made to compare different intrusion detection techniques with their operational strengths and limitations. Finally, the paper concludes with a number of future research directions in the design and implementation of intrusion detection systems for MANETs. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.