bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Eucalyptus replanting model representation for sustainable productivity: A review
Authors: Sembiring Nurhayati , Napitupulu Humala Lodewijk , Sembiring Meilita Tryana , Sipahutar Aulia Ishak , Yesica Lydia
Published: February 2022

The stable natural resources will encourage the productivity of sustainable eucalyptus replanting for the benefit of human life. Replanting eucalyptus plants is one of the things that drive sustainable productivity in eucalyptus processing. Eucalyptus replanting planning requires supporting tool decisions to increase productivity, analyze variability, climate change, measure environmental impacts, and maximize profits. The paper aims to evaluate various models in representing the replanting of sustainable eucalyptus used for crop management. In this review, the discussion started from the history of eucalyptus, the approach to the compilation of literature reviews, the method for reviewing the literature, yields and discussions, and finally providing some significant recommendations. Reviews of physiological models based on 3PG (Physiological Principles in Predicting Growth) processes are considered capable of being optimal support tools in the management of sustainability strategies to evaluate the growth of eucalyptus plant. Its usefulness in providing simulations about the impacts of climate change, simulation of forest management practices, the impact of hydrology on forests, the attributes of location to standing growth, biomass dynamics and potential disruption to forest ecosystems make this model a supporting tool in forest management sustainability strategies. Review literature was obtained relevant literature for qualitative analysis from 2010 to 2021.
Exploration and preliminary analysis of sengkubak (Pycnarrhena cauliflora (Diels)) as natural food flavouring additive prospect
Authors: Iriani E S , Kurniasari I , Sujianto  , Subekti A
Published: February 2022

Sengkubak is a native plant to Southeast Asia which mainly grows in the Kalimantan and Sumatra Islands. The local community grows it as a natural flavour enhancer as historical heredity. This paper aims to find a deeper potential prospect, exploration, and preliminary testing of glutamic acid as a natural flavouring agent. This research used a hybrid approach through laboratory testing and literature studies related to user community information, economic prospects. The collecting process and drying were carried out at West Kalimantan Assessment Institute for Agricultural Technology, while extraction activities were carried out at ISMCRI. The glutamic acid analysis used Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography (UPLC) at the Saraswanti Indogenetic laboratory. The results show that sengkubak has not been cultivated well and harvested wild. The yield value of the extract produced using water and ethanol solvent 96% were 21.23% and 17.43%, respectively. By water and ethanol solvent, the concentrated extract contained the glutamic acid 2,845.82 mg/kg and 1979.32 mg/kg, respectively. Further research is needed to create prototypes of derivative products from sengkubak extract with water solvent extracts to be used commercially.
A literature review on cocoa fermentation techniques to shorten fermentation time
Authors: Rahardjo Y P , Rahardja S , Samsudin  , Saidah  , Dalapati A , Amalia A F , Purwaningsih H , Syamsu K
Published: February 2022

Indonesia’s cocoa processing industry has a high demand for fermented cocoa but only about 49% of the fermented cocoa is available. Fermentation is critical because it kills the cotyledons and generates aroma precursors. Indonesian farmers, on the other hand, are hesitant to ferment due to the lengthy fermentation process (6-7 days). The purpose of this study is to conduct a review of several modified cocoa fermentation techniques to determine how they can be used to shorten the fermentation time. The database was compiled from articles published in peer-reviewed journals on cocoa fermentation. The literature search was conducted using the website openknowledgemaps.org, which utilized Pubmed (life science) to discover full-text articles published in English between January 1990 and January 2021. The results indicated that fermentation time could be decreased by (1) adding inoculum, (2) determining the pH and temperature required to activate an intracellular enzyme, (3) Addition of external enzymes during fermentation, and (4) reducing the pulp content. Combining these methods to improve fermentation techniques can enhance the quality of farmers’ cocoa beans in a shorter processing time.
Total polyphenols and antioxidant activities of green tea powder from GMB 7 and GMB 9 tea clones
Authors: Trinovani E , Prawira-Atmaja M I , Kusmiyati M , Harianto S , Shabri  , Maulana H
Published: February 2022

People’s interest in green tea powder is increasing currently. The addition of green tea powder to food products could increase antioxidant activity and other health benefits. GMB 7 and GMB 9 are local tea clones of the Assam variety widely planted in Indonesia’s tea plantation. This study aimed to determine green tea powder’s total polyphenols and antioxidant activity from local tea clones (GMB 7 and GMB 9). Total polyphenol and antioxidant activity were determined by Folin-Ciocalteau and free radical of DPPH methods, respectively. Our results showed that the total polyphenols of green tea powder were 27.61% and 27.31% for the GMB 7 and GMB 9 clones, respectively. Furthermore, the antioxidant activity of green tea powder with IC50 was 15.41 mg/L and 17.32 mg/L for clones GMB 7 and GMB 9, respectively. The results indicate the potential for the development and utilization of local clones to fulfill domestic green tea powder production. Further research is needed to determine the health benefits of green tea powder from clones of The Assam varieties.
Virginia tobacco sustainable production in Indonesia
Authors: Verona L , Supriyadi  , Diana N E , Fatah G S A
Published: February 2022

In Indonesia, tobacco has a very important and strategic role. Cigarette production in Indonesia reaches 362 billion cigarettes and needs 362 thousand tons of tobacco. Meanwhile, the national tobacco production was only about 180 thousand tons of 220 thousand hectares. To cover the shortage of raw materials, imports are carried out. Types of imported tobacco are mainly Virginia tobacco which reaches 110 thousand tons, Oriental and Burley. Assuming that Virginia’s tobacco productivity reaches 2 tons per hectare, an area of approximately 55 thousand hectares is required to cover the demand for Virginia’s tobacco. Opportunities for the development of Virginia tobacco in Indonesia can be carried out in several areas. It must be covered and supported by technology and policy for tobacco development that is land suitability, varieties, cultivation technology, pest and disease control, harvesting and processing technology, and marketing. With this support, the sustainability of tobacco cultivation is expected to meet the needs of raw materials on an ongoing basis.
Phytochemical screening and chemical compound of green roselle(Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) and potential antibacterial activities
Authors: Fitriaturosidah I , Kusnadi J , Nurnasari E , Nurindah  , Hariyono B
Published: February 2022

Herbal rosella plants (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) are plants that have great potential in the pharmaceutical field. Indonesian Sweetener and Fiber Crops Research Institute (ISFCRI) has released four superior herbal rosella varieties, including Roselindo-1, Roselindo-2, Roselindo-3, and Roselindo-4. Of the four varieties, Roselindo 3 has different physical characteristics, namely green. The purpose of this study was to determine the chemical and phytochemical compounds contained in the green rosella extract. Green rosella extract was obtained using the Microwave-Assisted Extraction (MAE) method with ethyl acetate as a solvent. The results of phytochemical screening for green roselle extract contained flavonoids, tannins, and triterpenoids. Based on the results of Liquid Chromatograph Mass Spectrometry (LCMS) analysis, green roselle extract contains 323 compounds, including 5-hydroxymethyl-2-furaldehyde, 7-hydroxycoumarine, betaine, curcumin, nicotinamide, and jasmonic acid.
Utilization and benefits of palm oil in fisheries
Authors: Samsi A N , Asthutiirundu
Published: February 2022

Utilization of crude palm oil as a fish feed ingredient has been carried out in recent years. Crude palm oil can replace fish oil on dietary fish. The use of CPO has been applied to barramundi (Lates calcarifer), Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss), Japanese sea bass (Lateolabrax japonicas), salmonid species, and Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) diets. palm oil appears to boost protein efficiency when being added to oxidized fish feed. The various advantages of palm oil include superior energy sources (saturated and monounsaturated fatty acids), high content of natural antioxidants (carotenes and E vitamin), lessening fatty acid deposition, and low cost and producing high oil yield. Moreover, palm oil-based diets for fish indicated no effect on the fillets either in their texture or color Fish growth is not disturbed if you change fish oil to crude palm oil in fish feed. The level of use of palm oil is different for each fish species.
Effect of application edible coating on the quality of kopyor coconut meat during storage
Authors: Liwu S L , Rindengan B , Pradhana A Y , Wungkana J , Pasang P
Published: February 2022

In order to increase the shelf life of kopyor coconut meat, it is necessary to pre-process it so that its quality can be maintained. The study aimed to determine kopyor coconut meat characteristics, which can be applied in biocellulose edible coating. The research was conducted in 2019 at the Laboratory of Indonesian Palm Crops Research Institute. The treatments consisted of 1) Without edible coating, 2) Edible coating application, and 3) Edible coating application plus ascorbic acid. Kopyor coconut meat has a water content of 77.51%, protein 1.71%, fat 9.92%, carbohydrates 10.00%, ash content 0.82%, and crude fiber 0.78%. Medium-chain fatty acids 42.64% and long-chain fatty acids 44.60%. The organoleptic test showed that kopyor coconut meat during 0-3 months of storage without edible coating had color, aroma, and taste values ranging from 3.24- 4.07. Furthermore, edible coatings applications have color, aroma, and taste values ranging from 3.13- 3.53. In comparison, those with edible coating and ascorbic acid have color, aroma, and taste values ranging from 1.78 to 3.53. The total microbes without edible coating application were the highest, although there was a decrease during storage, while those with edible coating application were inhibited.
Farmers’ contributions in the establishment of value-added from holistic cocoa processing: A case study in Trenggalek Regency, East Java
Authors: Hariyati Y , Saputri W E , Hasanah A U
Published: February 2022

One of the efforts that can be taken to increase the competitiveness of smallholder cocoa plantations is to increase the value of the product through processing from upstream to downstream. The study aimed to analyze the value-added at various stages of processing cocoa beans and identify the contribution of farmers in creating value-added in the processing flow of the people’s cocoa beans from upstream to downstream in Karangan District, Trenggalek Regency. The study was conducted in Karangan District that has facilities to perform cocoa processing from upstream to downstream. Hayami method was used to value-added from various stages of smallholder cocoa bean processing and descriptive analysis was used to analyze the contribution of farmers in processing activities. The results showed that the percentages of value-added from the processing of cocoa pods into wet cocoa beans were 0.99%, cocoa pods into non-fermented dry cocoa beans was 2.27%, cocoa-pods into fermented dry cocoa beans was 4.82%, fermented dried cocoa beans into pure cocoa powder was 20.06%, and processing pure cocoa powder into instant drinks was 71.86%. The study means that the value-added value and profits obtained by farmers for their contribution to cocoa processing are still relatively low.
Profile of amino acids and fatty acids of some Indonesia tall coconut varieties
Authors: Tenda E , Miftahorrachman  , Kumaunang J
Published: February 2022

The main content of coconut kernels are fats and fatty acids as well as protein and amino acids, and these contents vary among the varieties. This variation of amino acids and fatty acids also occurs in Indonesian tall coconut varieties. The objective of this study was to characterize amino and fatty acids content of Indonesian tall coconut varieties, namely Mapanget Tall, Palu Tall, Bali Tall, Tenga Tall, Selayar Tall, OdeskaLobu Tall, Babasal Tall, and Mastutin Tall. This study was conducted in Manado and Bogor from 2014 - 2019 by using an observational method. The results showed that the coconut kernel has eight types of non-essential amino acids and eight types of essential amino acids. Palu Tall has the highest amino acid content: alanine, arginine, aspartate, glutamate, glycine, serine, isoleucine, leucine, lysine, methionine, phenylalanine, threonine, and valine. Mapanget Tall has the highest contents of caprylic, capric, and lauric fatty acids, each with 9.04, 6.71, and 53.67 %, respectively. The result of this study can be used to develop varieties to obtain coconuts with high essential amino acids and fatty acids for the production of VCO, desiccated coconut, and other raw food materials.
Hymenoptera diversity on porang (Amarphopallus muelleri) in Sukabumi
Authors: Susilawati  , Puspitasari M , Indriati G , Pranowo D
Published: February 2022

Amorphophallus muelleri (porang) is a potential plant as a source of glucomannan. Glucomannan is beneficial as raw material in the sector of food, health, beauty, and industry manufacture so that it has a high economic value. The research objective was to study the diversity of Hymenopteran in the porang plantation. The study conducted at Pakuwon Experimental Garden and Indonesian Industrial and Beverage Crops Research Institute (IIBCRI) Integrated Laboratory from January to July 2020. The insect collection method was installed pitfall trap (PT) and yellow pan trap (YPT) on porang field. There were 12 pitfall traps, and Yellow Pan traps installed on porang plants and set for 24 hours while observed with intervals of 2 weeks. The collected insect was identified into morphospecies. The results showed that Hymenopteran on porang plants consisted of 100 morphospecies. The dominant morphospecies was Anoplolepis gracillepes. The diversity index (H`) of Hymenopteran insect was 2.28 and the evenness (E) was 0.50. Collected Hymenopteran identified as pollinators, predators, and parasitoids. The pollinators were Apidae and Halictidae, the predators were Formicidae and Sphecidae, while the parasitoid insects found were 13 families i.e Braconidae, Scelionidae, and Ceraphronidae, etc.
The role of agroforestry based cocoa on climate change mitigation: A review
Authors: Supriadi H , Astutik D , Sobari I
Published: February 2022

The agroforestry approach is considered the best option for the development of cocoa cultivation in the future. It combined the forest trees as shade plants and cocoa as the main crop on the same land. The farmers are widely adopting agroforestry due to some benefits such as conserving soil water, nutrient, microorganism, and providing a suitable microclimate for cocoa. Here, we reviewed the current research reports on the role of agroforestry based on the perspective of climate change mitigation. It included the point (1) agroforestry based on cocoa could improve total biomass (above and below ground), CO2 absorption, and carbon deposit CO2, (2) carbon sequestration levels of cocoa depending on the forest trees species as shade and location.
Greenhouse gas emission of agricultural inputs on peat soil at corporate and smallholder oil palm farmers
Authors: Agusta H , Handoyo G C , Tambunan A H
Published: February 2022

Greenhouse gas emission rate in peat soil under oil palm plantation comes to attractive interest to control the environment. Revealing the indirect emission of the applied input of oil palm cultivation in peat soil in the area, would contribute on the improvement of the greenhouse gas emission data exposure. The objective of this study was to determine greenhouse gas emissions generated from the oil palm cultivation applied inputs. Field observation was conducted in Labuhan Batu, North Sumatra, Indonesia, in 2013-2014, at both corporate and smallholder farmers as well. CO2-eq emission of the applied agricultural inputs was calculated by means of MILCA- JEMAI© application software. CO2 equivalent emissions from applied inputs of corporate peatland oil palm plantation was calculated based on data in 2012 amounted to 1013.7 kg CO2-eq ha1 year1. On smallholder farmers, it showed a 40 lower emission rate but with higher variability at 604 ± 238 kg CO2-eq ha1 year1. At the oil palm corporate, inorganic fertilizer application contributed a higher emission rate, followed by fuel use and pesticide applications. CO2-eq emission rate at smallholder farmers showed a similar pattern for inorganic fertilizer use. However, it showed higher emission from pesticide application rather than fuel use.
Machine learning-enabled feature classification of evaporation-driven multi-scale 3D printing
Authors: Ghosh Samannoy , Johnson Marshall V , Neupane Rajan , Hardin James , Berrigan John Daniel , Kalidindi Surya R , Kong Yong Lin
Published: February 2022

The freeform generation of active electronics can impart advanced optical, computational, or sensing capabilities to an otherwise passive construct by overcoming the geometrical and mechanical dichotomies between conventional electronics manufacturing technologies and a broad range of three-dimensional (3D) systems. Previous work has demonstrated the capability to entirely 3D print active electronics such as photodetectors and light-emitting diodes by leveraging an evaporation-driven multi-scale 3D printing approach. However, the evaporative patterning process is highly sensitive to print parameters such as concentration and ink composition. The assembly process is governed by the multiphase interactions between solutes, solvents, and the microenvironment. The process is susceptible to environmental perturbations and instability, which can cause unexpected deviation from targeted print patterns. The ability to print consistently is particularly important for the printing of active electronics, which require the integration of multiple functional layers. Here we demonstrate a synergistic integration of a microfluidics-driven multi-scale 3D printer with a machine learning algorithm that can precisely tune colloidal ink composition and classify complex internal features. Specifically, the microfluidic-driven 3D printer can rapidly modulate ink composition, such as concentration and solvent-to-cosolvent ratio, to explore multi-dimensional parameter space. The integration of the printer with an image-processing algorithm and a support vector machine-guided classification model enables automated, in situ pattern classification. We envision that such integration will provide valuable insights in understanding the complex evaporative-driven assembly process and ultimately enable an autonomous optimisation of printing parameters that can robustly adapt to unexpected perturbations.
Machine optimized quantum metrology of concurrent entanglement generation and sensing
Authors: Huo Hongtao , Zhuang Min , Huang Jiahao , Lee Chaohong
Published: February 2022

Entanglement is one of the key ingredients for enhancing the measurement precision of quantum sensors. Generally, there is a trade-off between state preparation and sensing within a limited coherence time. To fully exploit temporal resources, concurrent entanglement generation and sensing with designed sequence of rotations are proposed. Based on twist-and-turn dynamics, modulated rotations along only one axis may be sufficient to drive the state to the optimal one for tiny estimated parameter. However, when the estimated parameter is not tiny, it may impact the evolved state and hence degrade the final measurement precision. Here, we introduce another modulated rotations along different axis and find out the optimal control sequences by means of machine optimization. The optimal measurement precision bounds become independent on the estimated parameter, which improves the dynamic range of the machine designed sensors. Particularly, by optimizing the interaction strength for different particle number and the time-modulated rotations along two different axes via machine optimization, the Heisenberg-limited precision scaling can be attained. Our work points out a way for designing optimized quantum-enhanced metrology protocols, which is promising for developing practical quantum sensors.
The Differential Impact of Educational Tracking on SES Gaps in Educational Achievement for Boys and Girls
Authors: Scheeren Lotte
Published: February 2022

Prior research has shown that later tracking is related to smaller inequalities by social origin. One of the underlying mechanisms indicates that allowing more schooling time in comprehensive classes is beneficial for, especially, low-SES students. In this study, we question whether this is the case for boys and girls and test whether later tracking diminishes social inequality in educational performance among boys and girls. Microdata on reading and mathematics competence during primary and secondary school, gathered from PIRLS, TIMSS, and PISA, are combined with contextual-level data on the tracking age. We employ differences-in-differences models to test whether the impact of tracking on SES gaps in test scores differs between boys and girls. We find that later tracking reduces inequalities by social origin in test scores for girls. Staying longer in untracked classes does not, however, affect SES-based inequalities for boys. This suggests that the general finding that later tracking reduces inequalities by social background is driven by girls.
Climate change alters the temporal persistence of coastal-pelagic fishes off eastern Australia
Authors: Champion Curtis , Hobday Alistair J , Zhang Xuebin , Coleman Melinda A
Published: February 2022

The climate-driven redistribution of fisheries species is altering their availability to fishers, necessitating projections of species redistributions that directly relate to future fishing opportunities. We propose that a valuable proxy for fishing opportunity is the proportion of the year that target species are available to fishers, which can be approximated by the temporal persistence of suitable habitat in defined regions. Here, we quantify changes in temporal habitat persistence (months/year) within five eastern Australian bioregions over the period 2010–2060 for four coastal-pelagic fishes: bonito (Sarda australis), spotted mackerel (Scomberomorus munroi), Spanish mackerel (Scomberomorus commerson) and dolphinfish (Coryphaena hippurus). When species were analysed collectively, a significant reduction in the temporal persistence of suitable environmental habitats was evident in the most equatorward (i.e. Tweed-Moreton) bioregion, while significant positive increases were found for poleward bioregions (e.g. Batemans and Twofold Shelf bioregions). The greatest increases in temporal habitat persistence were projected for bonito in the Batemans Shelf bioregion and Spanish mackerel in the Hawkesbury Shelf bioregion (+2.2 and + 1.5 months/year between 10-year averages centered on 2020 and 2050, respectively). By demonstrating temporal habitat persistence as a measure of fishing opportunity, we highlight the potential for this metric to be an effective means of communicating to fishing stakeholders the need to adapt to climate change.
Interstitial pneumonia and advanced age negatively influence postoperative pulmonary function
Authors: Mimae Takahiro , Miyata Yoshihiro , Kumada Takashi , Handa Yoshinori , Tsutani Yasuhiro , Okada Morihito
Published: February 2022

OBJECTIVES

Changes in postoperative pulmonary function vary among patients after lobectomy. We aimed to define preoperative factors that negatively influence postoperative % vital capacity (%VC) in patients treated by lobectomy.

METHODS

We included 276 patients who had been treated by lobectomy at our institution between 2007 and 2018 and their preoperative and postoperative pulmonary function data were complete. We assigned them to groups based on postoperative pulmonary function defined as better (good) or worse (poor) than predicted %VC, then compared clinicopathological findings between them. Poor postoperative pulmonary function was also assessed using logistic regression analysis.

RESULTS

Interstitial pneumonia (IP) was diagnosed in 37 (13.4%) patients. The preoperative and postoperative %VC values were, respectively, 101.1% (interquartile range, 90.5–110%) and 87.6% (interquartile range, 73.8–99.1%). Logistic regression analysis revealed that IP, advanced age (≥75 years), and induction therapy were independent risk factors for reduced postoperative pulmonary function [odds ratios 3.01 (1.41–6.41), 2.49 (1.35–4.60), and 9.03 (2.43–33.5), P = 0.0044, 0.0035, and 0.001, respectively]. Postoperative %VC worsened with increasing IP severity and advanced age. Six (75%) of 8 patients aged ≥80 years with usual IP or suspected usual IP on preoperative computed tomography images had poor postoperative %VC.

CONCLUSIONS

Surgical indications for lobectomy based on predicted postoperative %VC require careful consideration for elderly patients with IP, particularly those aged ≥80 years.
What is the best choice for third conduit when using bilateral internal mammary arteries for coronary artery bypass grafting—radial artery or saphenous vein graft?
Authors: Kemp Ursula , Davies Reece A
Published: February 2022

A best evidence topic in cardiac surgery was written according to a structured protocol. The question addressed was ‘What is the best choice for third conduit when using bilateral internal mammary arteries for coronary artery bypass grafting—radial artery or saphenous vein graft?’. Altogether >525 papers were found using the reported search, of which 7 represented the best evidence to answer the clinical question. The authors, journal, date and country of publication, patient group studied, study type, relevant outcomes and results of these papers are tabulated. Overall, there was no survival benefit demonstrated with the use of a radial artery over the use of a saphenous vein graft as a choice of third conduit following bilateral internal mammary artery grafts for coronary artery bypass grafting. The main limitation of the current evidence available is the restricted follow-up periods and the high attrition rates with small sample sizes affecting the strength of conclusions that can be drawn beyond 10 years of follow-up. We conclude that despite previous evidence supporting improved long-term patency of radial arterial grafts, there is no strong evidence that the use of a radial artery, over a saphenous vein graft, has any survival benefit when used as the third conduit following bilateral internal mammary artery grafts.
Habitat expansion in response to sea-level rise by the fiddler crab Minuca pugnax (Smith, 1870) (Decapoda: Brachyura: Ocypodidae) in southern New England salt marshes
Authors: Zajac Roman N , Gurr Samuel J , Bassett Colin C , Kleiman Lauren , Kelly John T , Simon Zachary
Published: February 2022

Global change phenomena are shifting species distributions across multiple spatial and temporal scales. We examined the expansion of the fiddler crab, Minuca pugnax (Smith 1870), into high-marsh habitats along the Connecticut, USA coast. Previously reported as primarily found in low-marsh habitats in northeastern USA, our results indicate that large populations now occupy high-marsh habitats related to increased tidal range and inundation. Where expansion was evident, high-marsh population abundances were ~2.6× that in the low marsh through the summer and fall, given the relative areas of, and densities in each. Crabs on the high marsh ranged in size from newly settled individuals to large adults, and exhibited typical feeding and reproductive behaviors. Crab numbers greatly exceed the number of burrows on the high marsh, were active during high tides, and did not retreat into burrows. Mark-recapture studies indicated crabs mostly remained in one or the other habitat, with some movement between the low and high marsh. During late fall and winter, individuals of M. pugnax are only found in the low marsh. Depending on the size of the high-marsh population that migrates into the low marsh to overwinter, this may increase intraspecific competition for available space and burrows, resulting in population bottlenecks that may affect subsequent habitat-specific population dynamics. Several severe winters during the study appear to have caused high mortality, decreasing crab abundances on the high marsh in subsequent seasons. As salt marsh environments change due to sea-level rise and other factors, resident and transient fauna may experience conditions that are, or are not, within their range of biological adaptations. Minuca pugnax is exhibiting a positive response to such changes in southern New England, and large populations on the high marsh during much of the year may have a significant impact on the future ecology of these ecosystems.
SwinE-Net: hybrid deep learning approach to novel polyp segmentation using convolutional neural network and Swin Transformer
Authors: Park Kyeong-Beom , Lee Jae Yeol
Published: February 2022

Prevention of colorectal cancer (CRC) by inspecting and removing colorectal polyps has become a global health priority because CRC is one of the most frequent cancers in the world. Although recent U-Net-based convolutional neural networks (CNNs) with deep feature representation and skip connections have shown to segment polyps effectively, U-Net-based approaches still have limitations in modeling explicit global contexts, due to the intrinsic nature locality of convolutional operations. To overcome these problems, this study proposes a novel deep learning model, SwinE-Net, for polyp segmentation that effectively combines a CNN-based EfficientNet and Vision Transformer (ViT)-based Swin Ttransformer. The main challenge is to conduct accurate and robust medical segmentation in maintaining global semantics without sacrificing low-level features of CNNs through Swin Transformer. First, the multidilation convolutional block generates refined feature maps to enhance feature discriminability for multilevel feature maps extracted from CNN and ViT. Then, the multifeature aggregation block creates intermediate side outputs from the refined polyp features for efficient training. Finally, the attentive deconvolutional network-based decoder upsamples the refined and combined feature maps to accurately segment colorectal polyps. We compared the proposed approach with previous state-of-the-art methods by evaluating various metrics using five public datasets (Kvasir, ClinicDB, ColonDB, ETIS, and EndoScene). The comparative evaluation, in particular, proved that the proposed approach showed much better performance in the unseen dataset, which shows the generalization and scalability in conducting polyp segmentation. Furthermore, an ablation study was performed to prove the novelty and advantage of the proposed network. The proposed approach outperformed previous studies.
Mitochondrial Genome Architecture and Evolutionary Origin of the Yao Silkworm, a Living Fossil of the Domestic Silkworm Bombyx mori (Lepidoptera: Bombycidae)
Authors: Zhang Gui-Zheng , Zhang Yu-Li , Wei Wei , Li Yu-Ping , Liu Yan-Qun , Bi Li-Hui , Lu Cheng
Published: February 2022

The Yao silkworm is a unique silkworm resource producing yellow flat plate silk that has only been reared by the Baiku Yao ethnic group in Nandan County, Guangxi Province, China for a thousand years. Here, we report the mitochondrial genomes (mitogenomes) of five Yao silkworm strains and 10 local Guangxi strains of the domestic silkworm (Bombyx mori) L. (Lepidoptera: Bombycidae), and use the resulting mitogenomes and the available Bombyx mitogenomes to characterize their genome architecture and trace the evolutionary origin of the Yao silkworm. The five Yao silkworm mitogenomes exhibited genome architectures identical to typical set of 37 mitochondrial genes (13 protein-coding genes, 22 transfer RNAs, and two ribosomal RNAs) and a high level of genome sequence similarity with the domestic silkworm. Mitogenome-based phylogenetic reconstruction provided solid evidence that the Yao silkworm shares a common ancestor with the domestic silkworm. Sliding window analysis uncovered a distinct variation pattern in the mitogenome between the Yao silkworm and the other domestic silkworm strains. The phylogenetic analyses revealed a basal placement of the Yao silkworm among all available domestic silkworm strains, indicating that the Yao silkworm is an ancient population of the domestic silkworm. Our data indicated that the Yao silkworm (B. mori) is a lineage of the domestic silkworm, which for the first time provides insights into the origin of the Yao silkworm.
‘Rise, Kill and Eat!’—A Missing Dionysian Link in the Acts of the Apostles?
Authors: Moxon John R L
Published: February 2022

It has long been suggested that via a sequence of running motifs, the author of Luke–Acts plays upon a perceived analogy between early Christianity and the Dionysian cult. Scholars often claim that Luke modelled the unconverted Paul on the persecuting King Pentheus in Euripides’ Bacchae, not only because of the pattern of opposition to a new religious movement, but also because of specific wording and imagery in several narratives, particularly the Damascus Road vision in Acts 9:1–9. Peter, however, is rarely read in such terms. One reason for this is that although aspects of his broader characterisation fit Penthean themes, as do points of detail in some passages, his corresponding vision in Acts 10:9–16, whilst ‘oppositional’ in general terms, is not felt to carry any specifically Dionysian overtones. This tends to leave Paul as the sole ‘Pentheus’. Yet Peter’s vision, with its alarming meal of live animals arguably boasts a Bacchic motif of similar strength, pressing its parity to the Pauline account. I suggest that this new connection not only makes the Lukan ‘parallelisation’ more thoroughgoing but shows how a Dionysian intertexture was felt to be particularly suitable for capturing the sense of perplexity, menace, and personal undoing evident in the two visionary encounters.
Reliable Detection of T-Cell Clonality by Flow Cytometry in Mature T-Cell Neoplasms Using TRBC1: Implementation as a Reflex Test and Comparison with PCR-Based Clonality Testing
Authors: Waldron Deirdre , O’Brien David , Smyth Laura , Quinn Fiona , Vandenberghe Elizabeth
Published: February 2022

Objective

The T-cell receptor β constant region 1 (TRBC1) antibody can identify T-cell clonality and distinguish pathological from normal T cells. This study aims to establish optimal cutpoints for establishing monotypia and validate the diagnostic abilities of the TRBC1 antibody when used as a reflex test in conjunction with an existing T-cell antibody panel.

Materials and Methods

We used 46 normal peripheral blood specimens and examined 8 patients with reactive lymphoproliferations to determine the normal biological range of TRBC1 on CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. We also evaluated 43 patient specimens that were submitted for investigation of a lymphoproliferative disorder for CD2/CD3/CD4/CD5/CD7/CD8/CD16/CD26/CD45/CD56/TCR αβ/TCR γδ, along with TRBC1 expression. The results were compared to TCR gene rearrangement patterns using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis.

Results

Statistical analysis established differing cutoff points for establishing monotypia dependent on restricted TRBC1 or TRBC2 usage. Direct comparison with molecular analysis indicated that no specimen identified with the restricted expression of TRBC1 was reported as polyclonal by PCR with a concordance rate of 97% between a clonal PCR result and monotypic TRBC1 expression.

Conclusion

Incorporation of the TRBC1 antibody using statistically derived cutoff points in a reflex setting for the evaluation of a suspected T-cell neoplasm improves the identification of clonal T-cell populations by flow cytometry and correlates well with molecular methods.
Hybrid sabotage modal logic
Authors: van Benthem Johan , Li Lei , Shi Chenwei , Yin Haoxuan
Published: February 2022

We introduce a new hybrid modal logic HSML for reasoning about sabotage-style graph games with edge deletions and provide a complete Hilbert-style axiomatization. We extend the completeness analysis to protocol models with restrictions on available edge deletions and clarify the connections between HSML-style logics of edge deletions and recent modal logics for stepwise point deletion from graphs.
Commutative action logic
Authors: Kuznetsov Stepan L
Published: February 2022

We prove undecidability and pinpoint the place in the arithmetical hierarchy for commutative action logic, i.e. the equational theory of commutative residuated Kleene lattices (action lattices), and infinitary commutative action logic, the equational theory of *-continuous commutative action lattices. Namely, we prove that the former is $\varSigma _1^0$-complete and the latter is $\varPi _1^0$-complete. Thus, the situation is the same as in the more well-studied non-commutative case. The methods used, however, are different: we encode infinite and circular computations of counter (Minsky) machines.
On the plurality of graphs
Authors: Fitzgerald Nicole , Tagliabue Jacopo
Published: February 2022

We investigate David Lewis’ signalling games dynamics in the context of neural agents as embedded in realistic graph structures. We follow in the footstep of both the deep learning tradition—in moving away from pure rule-based models—, and the symbolic literature—in leveraging discrete, top-down structures to constrain the learning process. Through a series of experiments in which we systematically vary the social graphs connecting the players, we are able to show for the first time that the dynamics of language emergence within a population of neural agents is strongly influenced by the underlying graph topology constraining their interactions.
Shan–Chen interacting vacuum cosmology
Authors: Hogg Natalie B , Bruni Marco
Published: February 2022

In this paper, we introduce a novel class of interacting vacuum models, based on recasting the equation of state originally developed in the context of lattice kinetic theory by Shan & Chen as the coupling between the vacuum and cold dark matter (CDM). This coupling allows the vacuum to evolve and is non-linear around a characteristic energy scale ρ*, changing into a linear coupling with a typical power-law evolution at scales much lower and much higher than ρ*. Focusing on the simplest sub-class of models where the interaction consists only of an energy exchange and the CDM remains geodesic, we first illustrate the various possible models that can arise from the Shan–Chen coupling, with several different behaviours at both early and late times depending on the values of the model parameters selected. We then place the first observational constraints on this Shan–Chen interacting vacuum scenario, performing an MCMC analysis to find those values of the model and cosmological parameters which are favoured by observational data. We focus on models where the non-linearity of the coupling is relevant at late times, choosing for the reference energy scale ρ*, the critical energy density in ΛCDM. We show that the observational data we use are compatible with a wide range of models which result in different cosmologies. However, we also show that ΛCDM is preferred over all of the Shan–Chen interacting vacuum models that we study, and comment on the inability of these models to relax the H0 and σ8 tensions.
ABA-induced phosphorylation of basic leucine zipper 29, ABSCISIC ACID INSENSITIVE 19, and Opaque2 by SnRK2.2 enhances gene transactivation for endosperm filling in maize
Authors: Yang Tao , Wang Haonan , Guo Liangxing , Wu Xingguo , Xiao Qiao , Wang Jiechen , Wang Qiong , Ma Guangjin , Wang Wenqin , Wu Yongrui
Published: February 2022

Opaque2 (O2) functions as a central regulator of the synthesis of starch and storage proteins and the O2 gene is transcriptionally regulated by a hub coordinator of seed development and grain filling, ABSCISIC ACID INSENSITIVE 19 (ZmABI19), in maize (Zea mays). Here, we identified a second hub coordinator, basic Leucine Zipper 29 (ZmbZIP29) that interacts with ZmABI19 to regulate O2 expression. Like zmabi19, zmbzip29 mutations resulted in a dramatic decrease of transcript and protein levels of O2 and thus a significant reduction of starch and storage proteins. zmbzip29 seeds developed slower and had a smaller size at maturity than those of the wild type. The zmbzip29;zmabi19 double mutant displayed more severe seed phenotypes and a greater reduction of storage reserves compared to the single mutants, whereas overexpression of the two transcription factors enhanced O2 expression, storage-reserve accumulation, and kernel weight. ZmbZIP29, ZmABI19, and O2 expression was induced by abscisic acid (ABA). With ABA treatment, ZmbZIP29 and ZmABI19 synergistically transactivated the O2 promoter. Through liquid chromatography tandem-mass spectrometry analysis, we established that the residues threonine(T) 57 in ZmABI19, T75 in ZmbZIP29, and T387 in O2 were phosphorylated, and that SnRK2.2 was responsible for the phosphorylation. The ABA-induced phosphorylation at these sites was essential for maximum transactivation of downstream target genes for endosperm filling in maize.
Effects of incipient pairing on nonequilibrium quasiparticle transport in Fermi liquids
Authors: Lin Wei-Ting , Sauls J A
Published: February 2022

The low-temperature properties of a wide range of many-fermion systems spanning metals, quantum gases and liquids to nuclear matter are well understood within the framework of Landau’s theory of Fermi liquids. The low-energy physics of these systems is governed by interacting fermionic quasiparticles with momenta and energies near a Fermi surface in momentum space. Nonequilibrium properties are described by a kinetic equation for the distribution function for quasiparticles proposed by Landau. Quasiparticle interactions with other quasiparticles, phonons, or impurities lead to internal forces acting on a distribution of nonequilibrium quasiparticles, as well as collision processes that ultimately limit the transport of mass, heat, charge, and magnetization, as well as limiting the coherence times of quasiparticles. For Fermi liquids that are close to a second-order phase transition, e.g., Fermi liquids that undergo a superfluid transition, incipient Cooper pairs—long-lived fluctuations of the ordered phase—provide a new channel for scattering quasiparticles, as well as corrections to internal forces acting on the distribution of nonequilibrium quasiparticles. We develop the theory of quasiparticle transport for Fermi liquids in the vicinity of a BCS-type superfluid transition starting from Keldysh’s field theory for nonequilibrium, strongly interacting fermions. The leading corrections to Fermi-liquid theory for nonequilibrium quasiparticle transport near a Cooper instability arise from the virtual emission and absorption of incipient Cooper pairs. Our theory is applicable to quasiparticle transport in superconductors, nuclear matter, and the low-temperature phases of liquid 3He. As an implementation of the theory we calculate the pairing-fluctuation corrections to the attenuation of zero sound in liquid 3He near the superfluid transition and demonstrate quantitative agreement with experimental results.
Health insurance support on maternal health care: evidence from survey data in India
Authors: Ali Imtiyaz , Akhtar Saddaf Naaz , Chauhan Bal Govind , Malik Manzoor Ahmad , Singh Kapil Dev
Published: February 2022

Background

Maternal health care financing is key to the smooth functioning of health systems in a country. In India, maternal health care still persists as a major public health issue. Adequate health insurance could transform the utilization of maternal health care services. Therefore, we aim to examine the health insurance policies that cover maternal health and their performance in India.

Methods

The unit-level data of social consumption on health by the National Sample Survey Organizations, conducted in India (2017–18), are used. Bivariate analysis, logistic regression and propensity scoring matching are applied.

Results

About 14.1% women are covered by health insurance support at the national level. Uninsured women are less likely to receive full antenatal care (ANC) services and institutional delivery. Socio-economic characteristics play a significant role in utilizing maternal health care benefits through health insurance support.

Conclusions

Our study concludes that the health insurance coverage is the most significant contributor to the better utilization of full ANC and institutional delivery at the national level and hindrances in accessing them. There is a need for proactive and inclusive policy development by the Government of India to incentivize public financing through health insurance, which can shrink the challenges of public health burden and reduce the health risk.
VAT: a precise mechanism to identify drug-food companies
Authors: Cooper Kate , Parle James , Middleton John D
Published: February 2022

The impact of drug-foods (tobacco and cane sugar, cocoa and caffeine) and the consequences of their production on the health of both public and planet are wide ranging and increasing from obesity to pressure on water supply. The world’s food system is dominated by a small number of global corporations making and promoting drug-foods in myriad forms. The use of sugar-substitute non-sugar sweeteners, and their design of products, are specifically formulated to be ‘moreish’, to stimulate pleasure responses above and beyond the natural pleasure of eating. In the UK we can identify these foods, and the corporations that make them, since Value Added Tax (VAT) is applied. We suggest that, for food and drink upon which UK VAT is levied, advertising and product placement should be prohibited and controls put on branding and packaging. We further suggest action is taken to: (i) restrain the activities of the companies making these products, (ii) prohibit their sponsorship and/or partnership with government bodies such as schools and NHS, (iii) ensure these corporations pay the full fiscal and environmental costs of drug-foods. Our urgent challenge is to act against the sociopathic power of such corporations, for the public health and that of the planet.