bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Lipid Membrane Based Biosensors
Authors: Nikoleli Georgia-Paraskevi , Nikolelis Dimitrios , Siontorou Christina , Nikolelis Marianna-Thalia , Karapetis Stephanos
Published: August 2018

The exploitation of lipid membranes in biosensors has provided the ability to reconstitute a considerable part of their functionality to detect trace of food toxicants and environmental pollutants. Nanotechnology enabled sensor miniaturization and extended the range of biological moieties that could be immobilized within a lipid bilayer device. This chapter reviews recent progress in biosensor technologies based on lipid membranes suitable for environmental applications and food quality monitoring. Numerous biosensing applications are presented, putting emphasis on novel systems, new sensing techniques and nanotechnology-based transduction schemes. The range of analytes that can be currently detected include, insecticides, pesticides, herbicides, metals, toxins, antibiotics, microorganisms, hormones, dioxins, etc. Technology limitations and future prospects are discussed, focused on the evaluation/ validation and eventually commercialization of the proposed sensors.
Bond Behavior of CFRP/Steel Double Strap Joint at Elevated Temperatures
Authors: Li Na , Li Shan , Liu Chun , Zhu Tao
Published: August 2018

Carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) has been used widely in strengthening of steel structures. Steel/CFRP systems subjected to elevated temperatures is realistic in a summer climate event in many countries where the temperature in steel may approach 50 °C or even higher, which will lead to the degradation of the bond performance between CFRP and steel. Therefore, predicting the bond behavior of the CFRP/steel system under elevated temperature is critical. This paper investigated the mechanical performance of CFRP/steel adhesively-bonded double strap joints at elevated temperatures. Thirty CFRP-steel double strap joints were tested to failure under temperatures between 10 °C and 90 °C. It was found that the joint failure mode changed from adherend failure to debonding failure as the temperature approached Tg. In addition, the ultimate load and joint stiffness decreased significantly at temperatures near to and greater than Tg. Based on the experimental results, a model is proposed to predict the bond stress of the CFRP/steel at different temperatures.
The effect of a single 30-minute LTE mobile phone-like exposure on thermal pain threshold of young healthy volunteers
Authors: Vecsei Zsuzsanna , Thuroczy Gyorgy , Hernadi Istvan
Published: August 2018

Although the majority of mobile phone (MP) users do not attribute adverse effects on health or well-being to MP-emitted radiofrequency (RF) electromagnetic fields (EMFs), the exponential increase in the number of RF devices necessitates continuing research aimed at the objective investigation of such concerns. In this work, we investigate the effects of acute exposure from Long Term Evolution (LTE) MP EMFs on thermal pain threshold in healthy young adults. We use a protocol that was validated in a previous study in a capsaicin-induced hyperalgesia model, and was also successfully used to show that exposure from an RF source mimicking a Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) MP led to mildly stronger desensitization to repeated noxious thermal stimulation relative to the sham condition. Using the same experimental design, we did not find any effects of LTE exposure on thermal pain threshold. The present results are in accordance with previous evidence suggesting that effects are likely to be placebo/nocebo effects and are unrelated to the brief acute LTE EMF exposure itself. The fact that this is dissimilar to our previous results on UMTS exposure implies that RF modulations might differentially affect pain perception, and points to the necessity of further research in the topic.
Entropy Contribution to the Line Tension: Insights from Polymer Physics, Water String Theory and the Three-Phase Tension
Authors: Bormashenko Edward
Published: August 2018

The notion of the three-phase (line) tension remains one of the most disputable notions in the surface science. A very broad range of its values has been reported. Experts even do not agree on the sign of the line tension. The polymer-chain-like model of the three-phase (triple) line enables the rough estimation of the entropic input into the value of the line tension, estimated as Γ_en≅(k_B T)/d_m ≅〖10〗^(-11) N, where d_m is the diameter of the liquid molecule. The introducing of the polymer-chain-like model of the triple line is justified by the “water string” model of the liquid state, predicting strong orientation effects for liquid molecules located in the vicinity of hydrophobic moieties. The estimated value of the entropic input into the line tension is close to experimental findings, reported by various groups.
Measuring the Impact of Technological Innovations on Industrial Products through a Multilayer Network Approach
Authors: Formichini Martina , Cimini Giulio , Pugliese Emanuele , Gabrielli Andrea
Published: August 2018

In this work we identify combinations of technological activities that signal the presence local capabilities in a country to successfully export a product. We use country-level patent and trade data to generate a multi-layer network, and we apply maximization of entropy to generate synthetic data to effectively divide signal from noise. We show that in several sectors the signal far exceed the noise. Our exercise provides robust evidence of the presence of synergies between technologies to explain trade performances in specific markets. This can be highly useful for policy makers, to inform industrial and innovation policies.
Assessing Time Series Reversibility through Permutation Patterns
Authors: Zanin Massimiliano , Rodríguez González Alejandro , Menasalvas Ruiz Ernestina , Papo David
Published: August 2018

Time irreversibility, i.e. the lack of invariance of the statistical properties of a system under time reversal, is a fundamental property of all systems operating out of equilibrium. Time reversal symmetry is associated with important statistical and physical properties and is related to the predictability of the system generating the time series. Over the past fifteen years, various methods to quantify time irreversibility in time series have been proposed, but these can be computationally expensive. Here we propose a new method, based on permutation entropy, which is essentially parameter-free, temporally local, yields straightforward statistical tests, and has fast convergence properties. We apply this method to the study of financial time series, showing that stocks and indices present a rich irreversibility dynamics. We illustrate the comparative methodological advantages of our method with respect to a recently proposed method based on visibility graphs, and discuss the implications of our results for financial data analysis and interpretation.
Decomposition of mortality rates from cardiovascular disease in the adult population: a study for Brazilian micro-regions between 1996 and 2015
Authors: Baptista Emerson Augusto , Queiroz Bernardo Lanza , Rigotti José Irineu Rangel
Published: August 2018

As mortes por doenças cardiovasculares constituem um dos mais sérios problemas de saúde, pois representam a primeira causa de morte em todo o planeta, inclusive no Brasil (algo em torno de 30% nos últimos anos). Entretanto, a mortalidade devido a essa causa não se apresenta de maneira uniforme no território brasileiro, uma vez que o país ainda possui importantes disparidades regionais resultantes das desigualdades socioeconômicas e de acesso aos sistemas de saúde. Diante disso, o objetivo deste artigo é verificar como efeitos de idade e taxas podem explicar o diferencial observado de mortes por doenças cardiovasculares na população adulta, por sexo, nas microrregiões brasileiras, no período de 1996 a 2015. Para tanto, e após a correção dos sub-registro de óbitos, foi utilizada a técnica de decomposição. Os resultados sugerem que há uma diminuição nas taxas de mortes por doenças cardiovasculares e que tanto o efeito da estrutura etária como o do nível podem ter influenciado na variação destas mortes registradas no Brasil ao longo do período analisado. Estes achados indicam que a transição epidemiológica brasileira não é uniforme entre e mesmo dentro dos próprios estados e, consequentemente, o Brasil ainda tem um extenso percurso para caminhar.
Relationship Between the Critical Shoulder Angle and Shoulder Disease
Authors: Li Xinning , Olszewski Nathan , Abdul-Rassoul Hussein , Curry Emily J. , Galvin Joseph W. , Eichinger Josef K.
Published: August 2018

* In this review, we describe the history of the Critical Shoulder Angle (CSA), the utility of the CSA in identifying rotator cuff tears and glenohumeral osteoarthritis, and the association between the CSA and patient-reported outcomes. Additionally, we address some of the controversies surrounding the CSA with an updated literature review.

* The CSA is the angle between the plane of the glenoid fossa (the line from the inferior edge of the glenoid to the superior edge of the glenoid) and a line drawn from the inferior edge of the glenoid to the lateral edge of the acromion on a true anteroposterior (Grashey) shoulder radiograph.

* An increased CSA (>35°) is thought to alter deltoid vectors, which results in increased superior shear forces on the rotator cuff muscles. This increased loading of the rotator cuff may be a risk factor for the development of rotator cuff tears.

* A decreased CSA (<30°) is associated with glenohumeral arthritis due to the increased compressive forces across the glenohumeral joint.

* Reports in the literature have both supported and refuted the associations between the CSA, shoulder disease, and clinical treatment outcomes. These conflicting findings may be attributable to the lack of standardized radiographic methods for measuring CSA and/or to measurement errors.

* Prospective longitudinal cohort studies involving a standard and reproducible method of CSA measurement are needed to elucidate the true relationship between the CSA and shoulder disease.
Tension-Band Wire Fixation of Olecranon Fractures
Authors: Carter Tom H. , Molyneux Samuel G. , Reid Jeffrey T. , White Timothy O. , Duckworth Andrew D.
Published: August 2018

Olecranon fractures account for approximately 20% of fractures of the proximal part of the forearm
1
. Clinicians may consider nonoperative management for elderly low-demand patients
2
, whereas operative fixation is recommended for active patients with a displaced fracture. Tension-band wire (TBW) fixation is commonly employed for simple isolated stable displaced fractures of the olecranon (type IIA according to the Mayo classification)
3–5
. In contrast, plate fixation is thought to provide superior outcomes for unstable comminuted olecranon fractures. Biomechanical principles of the TBW construct are based on the hypotheses of absolute fracture stability, exploiting functional limb movement, and converting tensile forces into compression through the actions of the triceps and brachialis. The surgical goals are to restore articular congruity, provide stable reliable fixation, and allow early mobilization to minimize joint stiffness. In a recent prospective randomized trial comparing plate fixation with TBW in 67 active adult patients, we found no difference between groups with respect to either patient or surgeon-reported outcome measures
6
. The overall complication rate was higher following TBW fixation, with implant removal required for 1 in 2 patients. However, it may still be the preferable procedure given that the more serious issues of infection and revision surgery occurred exclusively following plate fixation.

The key steps of the procedure are (1) preoperative planning with careful assessment of radiographs; (2) positioning the patient supine and gaining exposure with a posterior longitudinal direct midline incision, raising lateral and medial fasciocutaneous flaps, and developing subperiosteal dissection in the interval between the flexor carpi ulnaris and extensor carpi ulnaris to visualize the fracture; (3) visual reduction maintained with a pointed reduction clamp, with joint congruity confirmed with an image intensifier if needed; (4) creation of the TBW construct with 2 parallel 1.6-mm Kirschner wires passed longitudinally from the proximal fragment into the distal part of the ulna, engaging the anterior cortex with care, and a 1.2-mm flexible cerclage wire placed through a transverse tunnel 3 to 4 cm distal to the fracture, passed posterior to the 2 Kirschner wires, and secured in a figure-of-8 configuration; (5) appropriate tensioning of the construct followed by trimming and burial of the wire ends; (6) layered wound closure according to surgeon preference; and (7) a postoperative protocol consisting of application of an above-the-elbow synthetic bandage, which is worn for 10 to 14 days, and gentle active mobilization under physiotherapy supervision. We advise against heavy lifting for at least 6 to 8 weeks and do not routinely remove implants unless they are symptomatic.
Tax and customs mechanisms of impact for basic zones of development in the Аrctic and the basic ports of the Northern Sea Route
Authors: Nikulkina I. V.
Published: August 2018

The article expresses the author's position that for creating favorable conditions of implementation of investing activities in the Arctic, expedient forming of a complex of tax and customs mechanisms of impact for special institutes of development of the Arctic territories, adapted and modified to specific features of the Arctic on the basis of the selective and differentiated approaches. Offered complex of tax and customs mechanisms of impact for basic zones of development of the Arctic and the basic ports of the Northern Sea Route, the providing special order of the taxation and customs regulation for the organizations realizing priority investment projects in the Arctic.
Role and value of outsourcing for small business enterprises
Authors: Trushchenko I. V.
Published: August 2018

In article the author has considered a role and value of outsourcing for small business enterprises. Small business, as well as other enterprises, can have several kinds of activity that complicates conducting accounting and demands more qualified specialists. Application of services of outsourcing will allow to concentrate on increase in efficiency of primary activities and in general on the organization.
Theory and practice of stimulation of innovative processes on the basis of cluster approach
Authors: Pogodina M. E.
Published: August 2018

The article presents the characteristics of the innovation process and its basic forms. Been identified as priorities for enhanced innovation process, orientirovanny on the growth of innovative activity of producers and improvement of consumer properties of the product Studied the main stages of the extended forms of the innovation process, methods of its stimulation in foreign countries and possibilities of their use in Russia. The authors investigated the strategy of commercialization of innovations and priorities for use in the Russian clusters under razlichnyh levels of development.
Commercial space as one of the factors increasing the competitiveness of russian rocket and space industry
Authors: Kornilov S. А.
Published: August 2018

In article current state of space-rocket branch is considered as in Russia, and around the world, the main problems of the Russian astronautics are described, and also one of elements of increase of competitiveness of the Russian space industry in the world market - involvement in branch of business firms is considered. Against all of the becoming complicated universal economic situation search of ways of increase of efficiency of the domestic industry, becomes a priority task.
Alcohol safety of state and system of indicators of monitoring
Authors: Agapova T. N. , Mustafina S. Yu.
Published: August 2018

The selection of alcohol safety as a separate element of economic security, is due to the influence of the production and sale of alcohol on the state budget, and the impact of alcohol consumption on health and life expectancy. Effective policies, aimed at optimization of the activities of the alcohol industry contributes to the protection of national interests and implementation of state priorities. The adoption of reasonable measures to maintain the effective operation of monitoring the alcohol industry will allow for continuous process control on the alcohol market in conjunction with the dynamics of socio-economic characteristics of the society.
Currency internationalization in the BRICS’ space
Authors: Zharikov M. V.
Published: August 2018

The article analyzes the mechanism of settling trade and financial transactions in national currencies of the BRICS. The purpose of this article is to reveal the special features of the BRICS’ currencies’ internationalization process in the frames of this mechanism. The article proves that having various investment opportunities in yuan’s transactions including bonds, investment and financial assets is a crucial factor of creating the BRICS’ settlements system which goal it is to more broadly use their national currencies internationally.
The Digital Economy оf Russia: Current State аnd Prospects оf Development
Authors: Izmailova M. A.
Published: August 2018

The article analyzes the current status of the digital economy of Russia in comparison with the world leaders in digital revolution. Describes the main sources of economic growth of the Russian economy on the basis of digitalization. The role and prospects of use of digital technologies in various spheres of socio-economic activities.
Wages in the Russian Federation: status, problems, areas of improvement
Authors: Firov N. V.
Published: August 2018

The state of wage systems at the enterprise level, in the sectoral and regional aspects is considered. The main problems arising from the current situation in the wage system are formulated, its influence on the social and economic differentiation of society is shown, the main directions of development are revealed.
Innovative development of the enterprise as a factor of economic growth
Authors: Sichinava T. А. , Menshikova M. А.
Published: August 2018

In this article, the main elements of the concept of the essence of innovation, innovation development and enterprise sustainability, factors and principles affecting the sustainability and sustainable development of the enterprise are investigated.
Problems of investment policy of enterprises of space-rocket sector
Authors: Orlova N. V. , Savinova A. I.
Published: August 2018

Over time the enterprises of rocket-space industry were faced with the decay and deterioration of the basic Fund and as a consequence the necessity of their updating. To update fixed assets in enterprises conducted investment policy. This article explores the concept of «investment policy» and discusses the features of investments at the enterprises of rocket-space industry. Lists legislative acts that regulate the pricing of the state defense order. Describes in detail the sources of realization of investments at the enterprises working in sphere of the state defense order.
Organizational-economic mechanism of regional development of high-tech engineering
Authors: Abrashkin M. S.
Published: August 2018

The article presents a study on the assessment of the impact of science-intensive machine building on the development of the regional economy and increasing its competitiveness. Based on the analysis of foreign sources, a theoretical justification was given for increasing the regional competitiveness of the economy. The tools of regional support of enterprises of science-intensive machine building and the model of the organizational and economic mechanism for regional development of science-intensive machine building were proposed. It has been proven that the development of science-intensive machine building influences the competitiveness of the region.
Review of modern models and development trends of automation means of heat-engineering parameters
Authors: Privalov V. I. , Pashayeva D. E.
Published: August 2018

The article includes an overview of modern technologies in the field of measuring heat-engineering parameters. The article presents the characteristics of models of potentiometers and temperature controllers and provides their comparative characteristics, as well as development trends.
The analysis of LDPC code rate and traditional antinoise codes
Authors: Salnikov O. N.
Published: August 2018

The code rate dependencies for LDPC and traditional error correcting codes (BCH) as a function of code length and code distance are studied.
Development of test tools to be used in high temperature shear tests of thin wall composite materials
Authors: Mironikhin A. N. , Lisitsyn D. S. , Shangin K. V.
Published: August 2018

The paper outlines the results of the development of the test tools to be used in shear tests of thin-wall composite materials under high temperatures. The calculation methods and the configuration of the newly developed test tools are discussed. Drawings and the general outline of the test tools are shown. Analysis of the experimental data and the stress strain curves obtained for test samples of the thin-wall composite material are presented. With the newly developed test tools, it is possible to perform shear tests of test samples of thin-wall composite materials over a wide temperature range, namely, under RT to 2000 ºC and even higher temperatures.
Theoretical aspects of formation of oxide films on aluminum alloys when oxidized in aqueous electrolytes
Authors: Scriabin M. L.
Published: August 2018

The article deals with the theoretical aspects of the formation of oxide films on piston aluminum alloys at micro-arc oxidation. Possible schemes of formation of barrier and outer layers of surface coating in aqueous electrolytes are also considered. The mechanism of formation of the interface and possible deposition schemes of non-metallic inclusions on the surface are shown. The stage-by-stage formation of oxide layers on the surface of the piston, which has a fundamental difference from conventional films obtained during anodizing, is described.
Method of calculation of quasistatic reliability of the design of the technical systems used when developing the missile and space equipment
Authors: Dubrovin V. M. , Semenov К. S. , Isaev V. G. , Ozerskii M. D.
Published: August 2018

The technical system containing several structural elements working under the influence of a complex of external loadings is considered. The units and systems used during creation of the missile and space equipment can be examples of such systems. It is noted that refusal of a design of similar technical systems approach at least of one of such states as loss of durability, stability loss, emergence of inadmissible elastic deformations, emergence of inadmissible plastic deformations is considered. For systems of this kind the method of calculation of reliability by criterion of approach of one or several limit conditions of a design of elements is offered.
Features of the influence of space factors on the changes in the optical properties of thermoregulating coatings of the «solar reflector» class
Authors: Shamayev A. M. , Ozersky M. D.
Published: August 2018

This article analyzes the main problems associated with the estimation of the effect of space factors on the change in the optical properties of thermoregulating coatings (TRP) of the class «solar reflector» used on modern space vehicles. It is shown that the degradation of the functional properties of TRP based on filled polymer composite materials and radiation-resistant glass K-208 under the action of space factors is caused by the formation of color centers both in the filler and in the organic binder, as well as the appearance in the glass of radiation- stimulated defects as a result of electrostatic discharges under the influence of PCF. Analysis of the results of studies of numerous works of scientists from different countries showed that at present there are no content models describing the changes in TRP properties in the space environment, taking into account the basic physico-chemical processes that determine the degradation of TRP.
Analysis of the results of medium-energy electrons on the protective and thermoregulatory coatings of high-orbit satellites
Authors: Shamayev A. M. , Ozersky M. D.
Published: August 2018

The results of experimental studies of the effect of electron irradiation on K-208 and CMG glasses used for manufacturing protective coatings of solar batteries and thermal control coatings of space vehicles are analyzed. It is shown that the caused electrostatic discharges lead to structural changes in the surfaces of the glasses studied. The goals of further studies of the influence of proton and electronproton effects on the properties of such coatings are outlined.
Influence of network organizational structures on innovation activity of industrial enterprises
Authors: Palyvoda Olena , Karpenko Oksana , Bondarenko Olena , Bonyar Svitlana , Bikfalvi Andrea
Published: August 2018

The interrelation between the innovation activity of enterprises and various types of network cooperation is of practical importance for the effective strategic management of network structures. In the present study, on the basis of indicators that measure innovation and technological effects and are adapted to the standards of statistics of the EU countries, the weighted aggregate innovation index of light industry companies in Ukraine and the EU countries is justified and calculated. On the basis of correlation and regression analysis, the relationships of varying strength are established between the integrated innovation index and different types of network innovative cooperation of light industry companies of the EU countries. The high-strength relationship is revealed between the innovation index of light industry and the indicators of the share of companies that had partners within their group of companies; that were involved in any type of network innovation partnership; that had partners in innovative cooperation among universities; that were involved in any type of partnership with a foreign partner from the EU countries, the EFTA countries or the candidate countries for accession to the EU. The construction of a correlation-regression model of the dependence of the innovation index of light industry on the share of innovation-active companies involved in any type of network innovation partnership and the share of innovation-active companies involved in network cooperation with a foreign partner from the EU countries, the EFTA countries or the candidate countries for accession to the EU given the possibility to predict the level of innovation of domestic companies of light industry depending on the level of their involvement in different types of network innovative cooperation.
A REVIEW ON ANTIFERTILITY ACTIVITY OF PLANTS OF CHAMBAL RIVERINE
Authors: Dewal Sandeep , Sharma Rachna , Gupta R.s.
Published: August 2018

Indian sub-continent showing very high diversity in both ecological and geographical aspects. In India, medicinal plants are widely distributed in different climatic conditions and are abundant in a mountainous region or riverine area. In this review, are being discussed anti-fertility properties of India’s well-known Chambal riverine flora. This area is rich in many medicinal plants as Acyranthus aspera, Acacia catechu, Nelumbo nucifera, Nyctanthes arbortristis, Mimosa pudica, Adhatoda vasica, Calotropis gigantea, Pergularia daemia, Vicoa indica, etc. These plants possess potential antifertility activity and many phytoconstituents, responsible for antispermatogenic, anti-implantation, antiovulatory, antiandrogenic, and many more activities. Hence, this review comprises a brief study of some medicinal plants found in Chambal riverine and showing the comprehensive antifertility activity of those plants.
INVESTIGATION OF ACCD3 GENE OF MYCOBACTERIUM TUBERCULOSIS IRAQI ISOLATES
Authors: Jalil Asra'a A Abdul , Al-khafaji Zahra M , Al-ouqaili Mushtak T
Published: August 2018

Objective: Mycobacterium tuberculosis, one of the deadliest human pathogens, causes several million new infections and about 2 million fatalities annually. The cell wall of M. tuberculosis is endowed with a highly impermeable, complex array of diverse lipids such as mycolic acids, which bestow the bacterium with not only virulence but also resistance to host immunity and antibiotics.Methods: Mycobacterial lipid metabolism has thus emerged as an attractive target for the design and development of novel antimycobacterial therapeutics. The first committed step in the biosynthesis of mycolic acid is the carboxylation of acetyl-CoA to malonyl-CoA which is catalyzed by acetyl-coenzyme A carboxylase carboxyl transferase beta subunit (accD3), a primer pairs were designed computationally and used for the amplification of accD3 gene using conventional polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and sequencing the PCR product and analyze the results.Results: Two sequences of the detection gene (LprM gene) and eight sequences of accD3 gene under study were deposited at NCBI – GenBank database with accession numbers (LC009881, LC009880.1, LC006979, LC008196, LC009412, LC009414, LC034168, LC038020, LC041163, and LC041368) and primer pairs deposited at Probe database/NCBI with accession number Pr032816836.Conclusion: AccD3 gene is a good drug target in MDR M. tuberculosis strains.
CORTICOSTEROIDS - ASSETS AND LIABILITIES ON PERIODONTIUM
Authors: Harshita Nadimpalli , Kamath Deepa G , Swati Swati
Published: August 2018

Corticosteroids are chemically similar to endogenous cortisol and are used fundamentally as replacement therapy in patients with adrenal insufficiency, and used as anti-inflammatory agents. They are widely used in systemic diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, asthma, and connective tissue disorders. In dentistry primarily these are used to decrease post-operative pain and edema in inflammatory diseases such as oral lichen planus, pemphigus, and recurrent aphthous stomatitis. This action is predominantly due to eicosanoid formation that inhibits phospholipase A2 activity. Corticosteroids can be supplemented either topically systemically or as inhalational therapy. Research suggests that local application of corticosteroids shows favorable effect on the periodontal ligament and possesses antiresorptive effect, but long-term systemic therapy is a risk for periodontal diseases which may provoke attachment loss and disruption of transseptal fibers. Oral manifestations are common with the use of inhaled steroids and are dependent on dose, frequency, duration, and inhaler use. It is commonly associated with ulceration of tongue, buccal mucosa, and occasionally on the gingiva due to xerostomia and immune suppression. It also causes a decrease in bone mineral density. This review explains about various effects of different types of corticosteroids on periodontium used in dentistry.
STABILITY-INDICATING HIGH-PERFORMANCE LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY METHOD FOR DETERMINATION OF ANTIHISTAMINE DRUG AZELASTINE
Authors: Patel Shital , Ty Pasha
Published: August 2018

Objective: The objective of this research was to develop a simple, precise, accurate, and stability-indicating reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatographic method for estimation of azelastine hydrochloride (AZL) in nasal spray preparation.Methods: Chromatography was performed on a 250 mm×4.6 mm, 5-μm particle size, Waters Spherisorb CN column using (50:50 v/v) mixture of potassium dihydrogen phosphate buffer and acetonitrile as mobile phase. The detection was carried out at 290 nm and flow rate employed was 1.0 ml/min. The degradation of AZL was studied under different ICH recommended stress conditions.Results: The retention time was 4.34 min for AZL. Linearity was established in the concentration range of 5–120 μg/ml, with a correlation coefficient of 0.9996. Limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantitation (LOQ) were found to be 0.81 μg/ml and 2.44 μg/ml, respectively. Percentage recovery was found between 99 and 102%. The values of percentage relative standard deviation (<2%) proved the high precision of the proposed method. The method was found to be robust regarding any small variation in the column temperature, pH of mobile phase, and mobile phase ratio. AZL was found stable in 5 M HCl at 80°C for 5 h, 5 M NaOH at 80°C for 5 h, 30% H2O2 at 80°C for 5 h, and in oven at 70°C for 8 h.Conclusion: The results obtained in this research work clearly proved that the proposed HPLC method for the assay of AZL in nasal spray preparation is simple, precise, specific, accurate, and stability indicating. It indicates that the method is suitable for analysis of AZL in the raw material and the pharmaceutical product without interference from excipients.
EVALUATION OF IN VITRO ANTIDIABETIC ACTIVITY OF METHANOLIC EXTRACT OF SEAGRASS HALOPHILA BECCARII
Authors: M Vani , T Vasavi , Devi P Uma Maheswari
Published: August 2018

Objectives: The objectives of this study were to analyze the in vitro antidiabetic activity of methanolic extract of seagrass.Methods: The methanolic extract of Halophila beccarii was tested for its in vitro antidiabetic potential through inhibition of carbohydrate digestive enzymes such as α- amylase and α-glucosidase, glucose diffusion assay, glucose adsorption capacity, and enhancement of glucose uptake activity in yeast cells.Results: The crude extract of H. beccarii showed strong inhibition of ɑ-amylase and ɑ-glucosidase as on comparison with the standard enzyme inhibitor acarbose. The antidiabetic activity was found to be concentration dependent, and the antihyperglycemic activity was demonstrated through the inhibition of the glucose movement and facilitated diffusion of glucose. The rate of glucose diffusion across the membrane was found to be increased from 30 to 180 min.Conclusion: The seagrass collected from Pulicat Lake was identified as H. beccarii based on the morphology of the plant, shape of the leaves, and brown pigmentation on the leaves. According to the results, H. beccarii showed antidiabetic activity by the inhibition of carbohydrate digestive enzymes and glucose movement; hence, it is significantly reduced the post-postprandial hyperglycemia.
SPONTANEOUS ADVERSE DRUG REACTION REPORTING IN A TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL IN CALICUT
Authors: Sundaran Siraj , S Abhijith P , Alex Aleena , Krishnan Amrutha , Jacob Angel Tisa , Babu G , Balakrishnan Sudeep
Published: August 2018

Objective: The study was conducted to assess the adverse drug reactions (ADRs) reported in a tertiary care hospital in Calicut.Methods: Spontaneous ADR reporting method was followed for the study. The ADRs reported by the health-care professionals, or the patients were confirmed with the physician-in-charge. Further, the assessments of type, severity, and preventability of reported ADRs were done using Wills and Brown classification, modified Schumock and Thornton severity scale, and modified Hartwig and Siegel preventability scale.Results: A total of 30 ADRs were reported. A study found that the incidence of ADRs was more in males (1.14%) when compared to females (0.79%). Geriatric patients showed more incidences of ADRs (1.04%) when compared to pediatrics (0.69%) and adults (1.02%). More number of ADRs was associated with antibiotics (23.33%) and anticonvulsants (23.33%) than another category of drugs. Based on type or mechanism involved 80% of ADRs were pharmacologically related (Augmented) ADRs. Severity assessment showed that 50% were mild, 46.67% were moderate, and 3.33% were severe. Assessment of preventability showed that 63.33% of ADRs were not preventable, 30% were preventable, and 6.67% were probably preventable.Conclusion: The study was useful in finding the age category and drugs that were more prone to ADRs. This will render precautions and monitoring in the future. The importance of ADR monitoring unit and aid of clinical pharmacist in the monitoring and assessment were very well considered during the study.
DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION OF STABILITY-INDICATING REVERSE-PHASE HIGHPERFORMANCE LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY METHOD FOR THE SIMULTANEOUS QUANTIFICATION OF POTENTIAL DEGRADATION PRODUCTS OF REGADENOSON FROM ITS PARENTERAL DOSAGE FORM
Authors: Zope Murlidhar V , Patel Rahul M , Patel Ashwinikumari , Patel Samir G
Published: August 2018

Objective: The objective was to develop and validate the stability indicating reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography method for the quantification of potential degradation products of regadenoson (REGA) from its injectable dosage form.Methods: YMC-PAK ODS AQ, 150 mm × 4.6 mm, 3 μm composed with hydrophobic high carbon loading and a relatively hydrophilic surface chemically bonded to porous silica particles column was used with the temperature maintained at 40°C. Mobile phase A composed of 0.1% triethylamine buffer having pH 4.5 while mobile phase B is 100 % acetonitrile was used for gradient elution with 1.5 ml/min as a flow rate. The wavelength used for quantification was 245 nm and 20 μl as an injection volume. The suitability of the method has been checked and validated according to the International Council for Harmonization (ICH) guidelines for different parameters, namely, specificity, linearity, accuracy, precision, limit of quantification (LOQ), Limit of detection (LOQ), and robustness studies.Results: The resolution between REGA and its two-degradation product is >8.0 for all pairs of components. The high correlation coefficient (r2>0.990) values are for drug and all potential degradation products from LOQ to 150% of specification limits for impurities calculated based on the maximum daily dose of REGA. LOQ for the drug as well as each degradation product is <0.02% w/w. The % relative standard deviation (RSD) for precision and intermediate precision is in the range of 0.17–0.89, and % RSD for precision at LOQ is 0.86–2.35. The % RSD for robustness study is maximum 2.59.Conclusion: The developed method can quantify the specified and unknown degradation products from 0.1% in the injectable dosage form which indicates that method is sensitive. Method fulfills the ICH criteria for its different validation parameters and demonstrates that the developed analytical method is highly specific, precise, and robust and would have a great value when applied in quality control and stability studies for REGA injection.
FABRICATION AND EVALUATION OF SOLID DISPERSION CONTAINING GLIBENCLAMIDE
Authors: Sehgal Nikita , Gupta N Vishal , Dv Gowda , P Sivadasu
Published: August 2018

Objective: The aim of the present study was to increase the dissolution rate of glibenclamide (GLIB) by molecular dispersion of drug in the polymeric matrix of Pluronic F-127.Methods: GLIB-loaded solid dispersions were formulated by fusion method. The formulated solid dispersions were characterized for scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffractometry (XRD), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and evaluated for percentage yield, drug content, solubility, and in vitro dissolution profile, and stability studies were conducted as per International Conference on Harmonisation guidelines Q1A in stability chamber, both at intermediate and accelerated conditions.Results: Both XRD and DSC studies suggested that crystalline GLIB was converted to amorphous form after loading into carrier. SEM studies revealed that the prepared solid dispersions were in the form of irregular particles with the absence of crystalline material. Due to this conversion of crystalline to amorphous state, formulated solid dispersions had shown improved dissolution rate profile of GLIB and stability studies suggested that formulated solid dispersions showed no significant changes in appearance and also in drug content.Conclusion: Thus, from the obtained results, it can be concluded that dissolution profile of GLIB can be improved by formulating as solid dispersion.
A REVIEW: STATUS OF GENETIC MODULATED NONSMALL CELL LUNG CANCER TARGETS AND TREATMENT (CURRENT UPDATES IN DRUGS FOR NON-SMALL CELL LUNG CANCER TREATMENT)
Authors: Kumar Satyender , Purohit Priyank , Dagar Seema
Published: August 2018

Genetic modifications or mutations has been a bottleneck for the treatment of cancer; it is widely known to play a vital role in the progression of metastatic level/stage within the nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC). The NSCLC of cancer is responsible for lung cancer lawsuits. In the various genetic mutations related study has been concluded with the various genes findings, which are named as the epidermal growth factor receptor, anaplastic lymphoma kinase, Kristen rat sarcoma virus, ROS proto-oncogene 1, human epidermal growth factor, B-RAF proto-oncogene, rearranged during Transfection, MET, Phosphatidyl 3-kinases CA, IGF-1R, NTRK1, FGFR1, and DDR2. The various research data supported this study. The involvement of the gene in the NSCLC patients made a paradigm shift in the drug discovery. The presence of one mutation in connection with some other could have an impact on NSCLC remedy.Utilizing this genotype-directed therapy for an advanced NSCLC has to turn out to be an appealing and efficacious treatment strategy. Here in the advancement of research, related genetic modulated targets and treatment have been discussed, particular genetic mutations help to find new updated interventions or medicinal drugs for the treatment of NSCLC. In there view, we have comprehensively arranged the mutation type and treatment with the status of NSCLC.
PREPARATION, EVALUATION, AND CLINICAL APPLICATION OF SAFFLOWER CREAM AS TOPICAL NUTRITIVE AGENT
Authors: Dakhil Ibtihal Abdulkadhim , Abbas Ibrahim S , Marie Nidhal K
Published: August 2018

Objective: The objective of this study was to formulate and evaluate safflower seeds oil as herbal nutritive skin cream and to study its clinical effect.Methods: After collecting the safflower seeds, the oil was extracted using an expeller or cold pressing. Physical parameters of oil were determined. Determination of unsaturated fatty acids was done by gas-liquid chromatography (GLC). The oil is then placed in an emulsifier to form cream using various additives and all formulas evaluated according to physical properties, PH, and viscosity.All symptoms such as skin damage by sunlight, skin aging, oxidative damage after sunburn or after chemical treatments, all of these conditions have recovered. Statistical data analysis was carried out using Statistical Analysis System, and all recorded data for analysis of variance and least significant difference were at least the significant difference at level 0.01.Results: The results of the GLC analysis indicated that safflower oil contains five different fatty acids, including linoleic acid (56.37%), linolenic acid (15.02%), stearic acid (2.37%), oleic acid (14.83%), and palmitic acid (7.91%).Refractive index values, density, and specific gravity were 1.476, 0.921 g/cm3, and 0.925, respectively.The results of a clinical study showed the effect of safflower cream as an antioxidant which protected the skin in particular from oxidative damage after sunburn and reduced the symptoms of skin aging. This effect was evident in both concentrations 10% and 15% when compared with control.Control response rate, 10% of safflower cream, and 15% of safflower cream were reached to 76%, 85%, and 92% within 2 weeks of treatment, respectively.Conclusion: The study showed the importance of safflower oil as a source of omega-3 and contains various unsaturated fatty acids which act as an antioxidant to restore skin health and aging resistance. This study approved that safflower oil characteristics can make it the main ingredients in the preparation of topical agents for the treatment of various skin problems.
A experimentação no ensino de química: uma análise das abordagens nos livros didáticos
Authors: Silva Leite Bruno
Published: August 2018

Os livros didáticos de química, via de regra, apresentam propostas de experimentos com o intuito de facilitar o aprendizado de seus leitores sobre determinados conceitos químicos, em alguns casos, conceitos abstratos. Todavia, tem-se observado poucas pesquisas envolvendo a identificação e explicação sobre os experimentos utilizados em livros didáticos direcionados ao ensino de química. Este trabalho descreve um estudo sobre os tipos de atividades experimentais encontradas nos livros didáticos de química. Assim, a partir de uma análise qualitativa, considerando uma pesquisa exploratória com análise documental, foram identificados 183 experimentos nos quinze livros analisados e categorizados em seis tipos de atividades experimentais. Os resultados mostram que boa parte das atividades experimentais propostas são da categoria do tipo empírico-indutivista, além de se argumentar a favor da necessidade de inclusão de atividades experimentais do tipo investigativa nos livros didáticos de química. Destaca-se ainda, que os livros analisados possuem lacunas ao abordarem a experimentação, indicando uma ideia de atividade experimental apenas como comprovação da teoria na prática.
Herramientas digitales para la enseñanza y aprendizaje de Química en escolares Chilenos
Authors: Brovelli Sepúlveda Francisco , Cañas Urrutia Francisco , Bobadilla Gómez Carla
Published: August 2018

La enseñanza de las ciencias, posee dos componentes fundamentales: teoría y experimentación. En Chile el trabajo experimental ha tenido escasa presencia, debido a la falta de infraestructura apropiada en los establecimientos educacionales y un curriculum escolar demasiado extenso.

Una herramienta que permite compensar la falta de experimentación a nivel escolar es el laboratorio virtual, sin embargo en Chile existen escasos reportes acerca del empleo de este tipo de herramientas. Es por esta razón, que el propósito de esta investigación ha sido establecer la influencia de Laboratorios Virtuales de Química (LVQ) en el rendimiento académico y motivación de alumnos de enseñanza media. Se trabajó con cuatro cursos de educación media de dos establecimientos de la ciudad de Los Ángeles-Biobío, correspondiente a un colegio municipal y a un colegio particular-subvencionado. De los cursos, dos por cada establecimiento, uno de ellos fue utilizado como grupo control y el otro como grupo experimental. Además, se diseñaron actividades experimentales de acuerdo con los planes y programas vigentes del Ministerio de Educación (MINEDUC) para tercer año medio y se aplicaron encuestas de motivación a los alumnos.

Los resultados evidencian que en ambos establecimientos se produjeron mejoras en los aprendizajes y la motivación de los alumnos, sin embargo sólo en uno de ellos se produjo una mejora en el rendimiento académico.
EDITORIAL
Authors: Martínez Vázquez Ana
Published: August 2018

La revista Educación Química está por cumplir 30 años. Por este motivo el pasado mes de junio tuvimos la “Semana de Educación Química”...
Donde la termodinámica y las proteínas se encuentran
Authors: Romero-Romero Sergio , Fernández-Velasco Alejandro , Costas Miguel
Published: August 2018

Este es un ejemplo de cómo utilizar a las proteínas en la enseñanza de la termodinámica y, a la vez, de cómo emplear la termodinámica para estudiar el comportamiento fisicoquímico de las proteínas. Se hacen una serie de propuestas para facilitar la enseñanza e incrementar las habilidades de los estudiantes en asignaturas tales como bioquímica, química y termodinámica
Evento y milagro. El 11 de septiembre: ¿Gianni Vattimo o Joseph de Maistre?
Authors: Rivera Víctor Samuel
Published: August 2018

La presente contribución gira en torno al significado del atentado terrorista del 11 de septiembre de 2001 para la hermenéutica filosófica, en particular la de Gianni Vattimo. El turinés gestó en sus textos de entre 2006 y 2014 una versión nueva de la hermenéutica que se basa en la experiencia de este acontecimiento. Esta nueva hermenéutica estaría atenta al conflicto y a las transformaciones sociales y tendría por núcleo la noción de “evento”, Sin embargo, Vattimo mismo no ofrece una definición operativa adecuada del término. Ante esto, propongo incorporar a la tradición hermenéutica conceptos como “evento” y “milagro”, acuñados por Joseph de Maistre. Se trata de una propuesta de “maistrianización” de la hermenéutica para hacer de ella un discurso viable y fructífero en un mundo violento e inestable.