bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
More accurate $$ \sigma \left(\mathcal{GG}\to h\right),\Gamma \left(h\to \mathcal{GG},\mathcal{AA},\overline{\Psi}\Psi \right) $$ and Higgs width results via the geoSMEFT
Authors: Martin Adam , Trott Michael
Published: January 2024

Abstract

We develop Standard Model Effective Field Theory (SMEFT) predictions ofσ($$ \mathcal{GG} $$GG→h), Γ(h→$$ \mathcal{GG} $$GG), Γ(h→$$ \mathcal{AA} $$AA) to incorporate full two loop Standard Model results at the amplitude level, in conjunction with dimension eight SMEFT corrections. We simultaneously report consistent Γ(h→$$ \overline{\Psi}\Psi $$Ψ¯Ψ) results including leading QCD corrections and dimension eight SMEFT corrections. This extends the predictions of the former processes Γ, σto a full set of corrections at$$ \mathcal{O}\left({\overline{v}}_T^2/{\varLambda}^2{\left(16{\pi}^2\right)}^2\right) $$Ov¯T2/Λ216π22and$$ \mathcal{O}\left({\overline{v}}_T^4/{\Lambda}^4\right) $$Ov¯T4/Λ4, where$$ {\overline{v}}_T $$v¯Tis the electroweak scale vacuum expectation value and Λ is the cut off scale of the SMEFT. Throughout, cross consistency between the operator and loop expansions is maintained by the use of the geometric SMEFT formalism. For Γ(h→$$ \overline{\Psi}\Psi $$Ψ¯Ψ), we include results at$$ \mathcal{O}\left({\overline{v}}_T^2/{\Lambda}^2\left(16{\pi}^2\right)\right) $$Ov¯T2/Λ216π2in the limit where subleadingmΨ→ 0 corrections are neglected. We clarify how gauge invariant SMEFT renormalization counterterms combine with the Standard Model counter terms in higher order SMEFT calculations when the Background Field Method is used. We also update the prediction of the total Higgs width in the SMEFT to consistently include some of these higher order perturbative effects.
The D3-$$ \overline{D}3 $$-brane inflation model revisited
Authors: Tye S.-H. Henry
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Combining previous results, the D3-$$ \overline{D}3 $$

D
¯

3
-brane pair potential U(T, ϕ) is presented here, where the inflaton ϕ measures the separation between the D3-brane and the anti-D3-brane, and the complex scalar mode T becomes tachyonic when the annihilation of the branes happens as they collide. Besides the distinct form of the inflationary potential, this hybrid inflationary model differs from a typical hybrid model in 2 important aspects: (1) U(T, ϕ) becomes complex when T becomes tachyonic, where Im U(T, ϕ) plays an important role in the dynamics towards the end of the inflationary epoch; (2) tunnelling during the inflationary epoch can happen; this is particularly relevant if there are multiple D3-$$ \overline{D}3 $$

D
¯

3
-brane pairs in different warped throats. Besides the production of cosmic superstrings, the model offers the possibility of first order phase transition that may generate large enough density perturbation for the primordial black hole production. Stochastic gravitational wave background from these sources remain to be fully investigated.
Resurgent Asymptotics of Jackiw–Teitelboim Gravity and the Nonperturbative Topological Recursion
Authors: Eynard Bertrand , Garcia-Failde Elba , Gregori Paolo , Lewański Danilo , Schiappa Ricardo
Published: January 2024

Jackiw–Teitelboim dilaton quantum gravity localizes on a double-scaled random-matrix model, whose perturbative free energy is an asymptotic series. Understanding the resurgent properties of this asymptotic series, including its completion into a full transseries, requires understanding the nonperturbative instanton sectors of the matrix model for Jackiw–Teitelboim gravity. The present work addresses this question by setting-up instanton calculus associated with eigenvalue tunneling (or ZZ-brane contributions), directly in the matrix model. In order to systematize such calculations, a nonperturbative extension of the topological recursion formalism is required—which is herein both constructed and applied to the present problem. Large-order tests of the perturbative genus expansion validate the resurgent nature of Jackiw–Teitelboim gravity, both for its free energy and for its (multi-resolvent) correlation functions. Both ZZ and FZZT nonperturbative effects are required by resurgence, and they further display resonance upon the Borel plane. Finally, the resurgence properties of the multi-resolvent correlation functions yield new and improved resurgence formulae for the large-genus growth of Weil–Petersson volumes.
Ulcerating skin lesions from blastic plasmacytoid dendritic cell neoplasm responding to low-dose radiotherapy—a case report and literature review
Authors: Hoffmann Elgin , Böke Simon , De-Colle Chiara , Lengerke Claudia , Niyazi Karim-Maximilian , Gani Cihan
Published: January 2024

Blastic plasmacytoid dendritic cell neoplasm (BPDCN) is a rare hematologic malignancy that can manifest with skin nodules and erythematous plaques. In most cases BPDCN progresses rapidly, causing multiple skin lesions and also affecting internal organs and bone marrow, warranting initiation of systemic therapies or hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HCT). Although not curative, radiotherapy for isolated lesions might be indicated in case of (imminent) ulceration and large or symptomatic lesions. To this end, doses of 27.0–51.0 Gy have been reported. Here, we present the case of an 80-year-old male with BPDCN with multiple large, nodular, and ulcerating lesions of the thorax, abdomen, and face. Low-dose radiotherapy of 2 × 4.0 Gy was administered to several lesions, which resolved completely within 1 week with only light residual hyperpigmentation of the skin in affected areas and reliably prevented further ulceration. Radiotoxicity was not reported. Therefore, low-dose radiotherapy can be an effective and low-key treatment in selected cases of BPDCN, especially in a palliative setting, with a favorable toxicity profile.
Transcriptomic insights into shared responses to Fusarium crown rot infection and drought stresses in bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)
Authors: Su Zhouyang , Gao Shang , Zheng Zhi , Stiller Jiri , Hu Shuwen , McNeil Meredith Diane , Shabala Sergey , Zhou Meixue , Liu Chunji
Published: January 2024

Key message

Shared changes in transcriptomes caused by Fusarium crown rot infection and drought stress were investigated based on a single pair of near-isogenic lines developed for a major locus conferring tolerance to both stresses.

Fusarium crown rot (FCR) is a devastating disease in many areas of cereal production worldwide. It is well-known that drought stress enhances FCR severity but possible molecular relationship between these two stresses remains unclear. To investigate their relationships, we generated several pairs of near isogenic lines (NILs) targeting a locus conferring FCR resistance on chromosome 2D in bread wheat. One pair of these NILs showing significant differences between the two isolines for both FCR resistance and drought tolerance was used to investigate transcriptomic changes in responsive to these two stresses. Our results showed that the two isolines likely deployed different strategies in dealing with the stresses, and significant differences in expressed gene networks exist between the two time points of drought stresses evaluated in this study. Nevertheless, results from analysing Gene Ontology terms and transcription factors revealed that similar regulatory frameworks were activated in coping with these two stresses. Based on the position of the targeted locus, changes in expression following FCR infection and drought stresses, and the presence of non-synonymous variants between the two isolines, several candidate genes conferring resistance or tolerance to these two types of stresses were identified. The NILs generated, the large number of DEGs with single-nucleotide polymorphisms detected between the two isolines, and the candidate genes identified would be invaluable in fine mapping and cloning the gene(s) underlying the targeted locus.
Edaravone and obeticholic acid protect against cisplatin-induced heart toxicity by suppressing oxidative stress and inflammation and modulating Nrf2, TLR4/p38MAPK, and JAK1/STAT3/NF-κB signals
Authors: El-Shoura Ehab A. M. , Hassanein Emad H. M. , Taha Hesham H. , Shalkami Abdel-Gawad S. , Hassanein Mohamed Mahmoud Hussein , Ali Fares E. M. , Bakr Adel G.
Published: January 2024

Cardiotoxicity is a significant adverse effect of cisplatin (CIS) that necessitates extensive medical care. The current study examines the cardioprotective effects of edaravone (EDV), obeticholic acid (OCA), and their combinations on CIS-induced cardiac damage. Rats were allocated into five groups: the normal control group, the remaining four groups received CIS (7.5 mg/kg, i.p.) as a single dose on the fifth day and were assigned to CIS, OCA (10 mg/kg/day) + CIS, EDV (20 mg/kg/day) + CIS, and the (EDV + OCA) + CIS group. Compared to the CIS-treated group, co-treating rats with EDV, OCA, or their combinations significantly decreased ALP, AST, LDH, CK-MB, and troponin-I serum levels and alleviated histopathological heart abnormalities. Biochemically, EDV, OCA, and EDV plus OCA administration mitigated cardiac oxidative stress as indicated by a marked decrease in heart MDA content with a rise in cardiac antioxidants SOD and GSH associated with upregulating Nrf2, PPARγ, and SIRT1 expression. Besides, it dampened inflammation by decreasing cardiac levels of TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6, mediated by suppressing NF-κB, JAK1/STAT3, and TLR4/p38MAPK signal activation. Notably, rats co-administered with EDV plus OCA showed noticeable protection that exceeded that of EDV and OCA alone. In conclusion, our study provided that EDV, OCA, and their combinations effectively attenuated CIS-induced cardiac intoxication by activating Nrf2, PPARγ, and SIRT1 signals and downregulating NF-κB, JAK1/STAT3, and TLR4/p38MAPK signals.

Graphical Abstract

Outlined diagram summarized the possible protective mechanisms of OCA and/or EDV against cisplatin-induced cardiac injury
European Society of Pediatric Radiology survey of perioperative imaging in pediatric liver transplantation: (3) postoperative imaging
Authors: Dammann Elena , Ording-Müller Lil-Sofie , Franchi-Abella Stéphanie , Verhagen Martijn V. , McGuirk Simon P. , Bokkers Reinoud P.H. , Clapuyt Philippe R. M. , Deganello Annamaria , Tandoi Francesco , de Ville de Goyet Jean , Hebelka Hanna , de Lange Charlotte , Lozach Cecile , Marra Paolo , Mirza Darius , Kaliciński Piotr , Patsch Janina M. , Perucca Giulia , Tsiflikas Ilias , Renz Diane M. , Schweiger Bernd , Spada Marco , Toso Seema , Viremouneix Loïc , Woodley Helen , Fischer Lutz , Brinkert Florian , Petit Philippe , Herrmann Jochen
Published: January 2024

Background

Liver transplantation is the state-of-the-art curative treatment for end-stage liver disease. Imaging is a key element in the detection of postoperative complications. So far, limited data is available regarding the best radiologic approach to monitor children after liver transplantation.

Objective

To harmonize the imaging of pediatric liver transplantation, the European Society of Pediatric Radiology Abdominal Taskforce initiated a survey addressing the current status of imaging including the pre-, intra-, and postoperative phases. This paper reports the responses related to postoperative imaging.

Materials and methods

An online survey, initiated in 2021, asked European centers performing pediatric liver transplantation 48 questions about their imaging approach. In total, 26 centers were contacted, and 22 institutions from 11 countries returned the survey.

Results

All sites commence ultrasound (US) monitoring within 24 h after liver transplantation. Monitoring frequency varies across sites, ranging from every 8 h to 72 h in early, and from daily to sporadic use in late postoperative phases. Predefined US protocols are used by 73% of sites. This commonly includes gray scale, color Doppler, and quantitative flow assessment. Alternative flow imaging techniques, contrast-enhanced US, and elastography are applied at 31.8%, 18.2%, and 63.6% of sites, respectively. Computed tomography is performed at 86.4% of sites when clarification is needed. Magnetic resonance imaging is used for selected cases at 36.4% of sites, mainly for assessment of biliary abnormalities or when blood tests are abnormal.

Conclusion

Diagnostic imaging is extensively used for postoperative surveillance of children after liver transplantation. While US is generally prioritized, substantial differences were noted in US protocol, timing, and monitoring frequency. The study highlights potential areas for future optimization and standardization of imaging, essential for conducting multicenter studies.
Performance insights into spray-dryer microencapsulated Bacillus thuringiensis cry pesticidal proteins with gum arabic and maltodextrin for effective pest control
Authors: de Oliveira Jhones Luiz , Gómez Isabel , Sánchez Jorge , Soberón Mario , Polanczyk Ricardo Antonio , Bravo Alejandra
Published: January 2024

Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) produces crystals composed mainly of Cry pesticidal proteins with insecticidal activity against pests but are highly susceptible to degradation by abiotic factors. In this sense, encapsulation techniques are designed to improve their performance and lifetime. However, the effects of polymeric matrix encapsulation such as gum arabic and maltodextrin by spray-dryer in the mechanisms of action of Bt kurstaki and Bt aizawai are unknown. We analyzed crystal solubilization, protoxin activation, and receptor binding after microencapsulation and compared them with commercial non-encapsulated products. Microencapsulation did not alter protein crystal solubilization, providing 130 kDa (Cry1 protoxin) and 70 kDa (Cry2 protoxin). Activation with trypsin, chymotrypsin, and larval midgut juice was analyzed, showing that this step is highly efficient, and the protoxins were cleaved producing similar ~ 55 to 65 kDa activated proteins for both formulations. Binding assays with brush border membrane vesicles of Manduca sexta and Spodoptera frugiperda larvae provided a similar binding for both formulations. LC50 bioassays showed no significant differences between treatments but the microencapsulated treatment provided higher mortality against S. frugiperda when subjected to UV radiation. Microencapsulation did not affect the mechanism of action of Cry pesticidal proteins while enhancing protection against UV radiation. These data will contribute to the development of more efficient Bt biopesticide formulations.

Key points

• Microencapsulation did not affect the mechanisms of action of Cry pesticidal proteins produced by Bt.

• Microencapsulation provided protection against UV radiation for Bt-based biopesticides.

• The study’s findings can contribute to the development of more efficient Bt biopesticide formulations.

Graphical Abstract
Recombinantly expressed rhFEB remodeled the skin defect of db/db mice
Authors: Li Xiaomin , Mao Xinliang , Cong Jianhang , Zhang Qirong , Chen Wenjie , Yan Kunjun , Huang Yadong , Su Dun , Xiang Qi
Published: January 2024

Fibronectin (FN) and collagen are vital components of the extracellular matrix (ECM). These proteins are essential for tissue formation and cell alignment during the wound healing stage. In particular, FN interacts with collagens to activate various intracellular signaling pathways to maintain ECM stability. A novel recombinant extra domain-B fibronectin (EDB-FN)-COL3A1 fusion protein (rhFEB) was designed to mimic the ECM to promote chronic and refractory skin ulcer wound healing. rhFEB significantly enhanced cell adhesion and migration, vascular ring formation, and the production of new collagen I (COL1A1) in vitro. rhFEB decreased M1 macrophages and further modulated the wound microenvironment, which was confirmed by the treatment of db/db mice with rhFEB. Accelerated wound healing was shown during the initial stages in rhFEB-treated db/db mice, as was enhanced follicle regeneration, re-epithelialization, collagen deposition, granulation, inflammation, and angiogenesis. The wound chronicity of diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs) remains the main challenge in current and future treatment. rhFEB may be a candidate molecule for regulating M1 macrophages during DFU healing.

Key points

• A recombinant protein EDB-FN-collagen III (rhFEB) was highly expressed in Escherichia coli

• rhFEB protein induces COL1A1 secretion in human skin fibroblasts

• rhFEB protein accelerates diabetic wound healing
Morphometric Predictors of Penile Length Increase After Division of its Suspensory Ligament
Authors: Ramos Márcio , Varanda Pereira Alice , Silva Leonardo , Inácio Ana Rita , Álvares Furtado Ivo
Published: January 2024

Introduction

Division of the suspensory ligament of the penis has emerged as a popular surgical approach for penile lengthening, but accurate preoperative predictions of lengthening outcomes remain elusive. This study aimed to identify readily measurable anatomical parameters associated with post-ligamentolysis penile length gain, facilitating more reliable preoperative estimations.

Methods

An experimental cross-sectional study was performed on 16 adult cadavers. Data collected before dissection included: age at death, ethnicity, height, length of the penis before dissection and width of the suspensory ligament of penis. Following the complete dissection of the suspensory ligament of penis, the depth of the pubic symphysis and the penile length after the procedure were measured. The absolute and relative length differences pre- and post-ligamentolysis were calculated. Correlation coefficients were used to study relations between these variables.

Results

Penile length increased uniformly after complete division of the suspensory ligament (average gain: 26.38 mm, SD = 14.83 mm; range 4–60 mm). Pearson correlation revealed a significant negative correlation between pre-ligamentolysis penile length and post-ligamentolysis increase (r = − 0.601; p = 0.014), suggesting greater gains in individuals with shorter pre-ligamentolysis lengths. Age, ligament width, and pubic arch depth showed no significant correlations. Ethnicity did not impact post-ligamentolysis length increase (t = − 0.135; p = 0.894).

Conclusions

This study highlights the potential to predict penile length gain post-ligamentolysis through measurable anatomical parameters. The ability to anticipate the outcome of this procedure could empower surgeons to provide informed counseling, potentially elevating patient satisfaction.

An experimental cross-sectional study was performed to investigate the outcomes of penile lengthening surgery

Penile lengthening was achieved in all subjects via complete dissection of the suspensory ligament of the penis

Penile length increase may be predicted preoperatively using easily measurable anatomical parameters

No Level Assigned

This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each submission to which Evidence-Based Medicine rankings are applicable. This excludes Review Articles, Book Reviews, and manuscripts that concern Basic Science, Animal Studies, Cadaver Studies, and Experimental Studies. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266
Dietary acid load in health and disease
Authors: Wieërs Michiel L. A. J. , Beynon-Cobb Beverley , Visser Wesley J. , Attaye Ilias
Published: January 2024

Maintaining an appropriate acid–base equilibrium is crucial for human health. A primary influencer of this equilibrium is diet, as foods are metabolized into non-volatile acids or bases. Dietary acid load (DAL) is a measure of the acid load derived from diet, taking into account both the potential renal acid load (PRAL) from food components like protein, potassium, phosphorus, calcium, and magnesium, and the organic acids from foods, which are metabolized to bicarbonate and thus have an alkalinizing effect. Current Western diets are characterized by a high DAL, due to large amounts of animal protein and processed foods. A chronic low-grade metabolic acidosis can occur following a Western diet and is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. Nutritional advice focusing on DAL, rather than macronutrients, is gaining rapid attention as it provides a more holistic approach to managing health. However, current evidence for the role of DAL is mainly associative, and underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. This review focusses on the role of DAL in multiple conditions such as obesity, cardiovascular health, impaired kidney function, and cancer.
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma: nationwide trends in subtype-specific incidence and survival over 3 decades in a non-endemic area
Authors: van Velsen Jort S. , van der Vegt Bert , Plaat Boudewijn E. C. , Langendijk Johannes A. , Epskamp-Kuijpers Chantal C. H. J. , van Dijk Boukje A. C. , Oosting Sjoukje F.
Published: January 2024

Purpose

To identify trends in incidence and survival of NPC, subdivided by EBV status and histopathological subtype, over a 30-year period in the Netherlands.

Methods

Anonymized data from the Netherlands Cancer Registry and the Dutch Nationwide Pathology Databank (PALGA) for the period 1989–2018 were linked to identify and classify NPC cases.

Results

Incidence of NPC remained stable, with an annual percentage change (APC) of − 0.2. (95% CI − 0.9; 0.5). EBV testing became routine only in the last decade, the incidence of EBV-positive tumors remained stable over this period (APC 1.2, 95% CI − 1.3; 3.8). An increase in EBV-negative tumors (APC: 7.1, 95% CI 2.5; 11.9) and a decrease in untested tumors were found (APC: − 10.7, 95% CI − 15.7; − 5.7). The incidence of non-keratinizing, differentiated tumors increased (APC: 3.8, (95% CI 2.2; 5.5) while the incidence of other histological subtypes remained stable. Overall survival was better in patients diagnosed after 1998 (hazard ratio 0.8, 95% CI 0.6; 0.9). EBV status, histology, stage, and age were independently associated with relative excess risk of dying, but period of diagnosis was not.

Conclusion

Testing for EBV increased over time, and a stable incidence of EBV-positive NPC over the last 10 years. The rising incidence of non-keratinizing, differentiated NPC mirrors data from the US and suggests a shift in non-endemic regions.
Sphingomyelin synthase 2 promotes the stemness of breast cancer cells via modulating NF-κB signaling pathway
Authors: Feng Haizhan , Dong Yahui , Chen Kunling , You Zicong , Weng Junyan , Liang Peiqiao , Shi Fujun
Published: January 2024

Objectives

Multi-drug resistance (MDR) to chemotherapy is the main obstacle influencing the anti-tumor effect in breast cancer, which might lead to the metastasis and recurrence of cancer. Until now, there are still no effective methods that can overcome MDR. In this study, we aimed to investigate the role of sphingomyelin synthase 2 (SMS2) in breast cancer resistance.

Methods

Quantitative RT-PCR analysis was performed to assess changes in mRNA expression. Western blot analysis was performed to detect protein expression. Inhibitory concentration value of adriamycin (ADR) was evaluated using CCK 8 assay. The stemness ability of breast cancer cells was assessed by spheroid-formation assay. Immunofluorescence staining was conducted to show the cellular distribution of proteins. Breast tumor masses were harvested from the xenograft tumor mouse model.

Results

SMS2 overexpression increased the IC50 values of breast cancer cells. SMS2 decreased the CD24 transcription level but increased the transcription levels of stemness-related genes including CD44, ALDH, OCT 4 and SOX2 in breast cancer cells. SMS2 overexpression promoted the nuclear translocation of phosphorylated NF-κB, while suppression of SMS2 could inhibit the NF-κB pathway.

Conclusions

SMS2 increased the stemness of breast cancer cells via NF-κB signaling pathway, leading to resistance to the chemotherapeutic drug ADR. Thus, SMS2 might play a critical role in the development of breast cancer resistance, which is a previously unrecognized mechanism in breast cancer MDR development.
Complexity in Action: Inter- and Transdisciplinarity in EURECA-PRO
Authors: Gritzner Karoline , Kollnig Sarah
Published: January 2024

Integrated approaches to research set a common goal, which, in the case of the EURECA-PRO programme, is to work towards realising Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 12, Responsible Consumption and Production (RCP). However, the diversity of perspectives, expectations, and work methods within all types of cross-disciplinary work can be challenging. Based on the work of the RE-EURECA-PRO project, which develops the research and innovation agenda of EURECA-PRO, this contribution provides an insight into the complexity, challenges, and opportunities of interdisciplinary research collaboration and transdisciplinary actions.
Experimental and theoretical study of stress relaxation in high-density polyethylene
Authors: Kroon Martin , Görtz Jakob , Islam Shafiqul , Andreasson Eskil , Petersson Viktor , Jutemar Elin Persson
Published: January 2024

Stress relaxation of high-density polyethylene is addressed both experimentally and theoretically. Two types of stress relaxation testing are carried out: uniaxial tensile testing at constant test specimen length and compression testing of a 3D structure producing inhomogeneous deformation fields and relaxation. A constitutive model for isotropic, semi-crystalline polymers is also proposed. The model has the ability to model stress relaxation at different time scales. The developed model was implemented as a user subroutine in Abaqus (UMAT). The implicit integration scheme including an algorithmic tangent modulus is described in detail. The material model is calibrated by use of the uniaxial tensile tests, and the model is then validated by simulating the compression tests of the 3D structure. The model is able to describe the uniaxial tension tests well, and the comparison between the simulations and experimental testing of the 3D structure shows very good agreement.
Structure determination needs to go viral
Authors: de Bastos Balbe e Gutierres Matheus , Pedebos Conrado , Bacaicoa-Caruso Paula , Ligabue-Braun Rodrigo
Published: January 2024

Viral diseases are expected to cause new epidemics in the future, therefore, it is essential to assess how viral diversity is represented in terms of deposited protein structures. Here, data were collected from the Protein Data Bank to screen the available structures of viruses of interest to WHO. Excluding SARS-CoV-2 and HIV-1, less than 50 structures were found per year, indicating a lack of diversity. Efforts to determine viral structures are needed to increase preparedness for future public health challenges.
Assessment of bioactive peptides derived from laminin-111 as prospective breast cancer-targeting agents
Authors: Mendonça Fernanda Ferreira , Sobral Danielle Vieira , Durante Ana Claudia Ranucci , Miranda Ana Cláudia Camargo , Mejia Jorge , de Paula Faria Daniele , Marques Fabio Luiz Navarro , de Barboza Marycel Figols , Fuscaldi Leonardo Lima , Malavolta Luciana
Published: January 2024

Breast cancer remains a pressing public health issue primarily affecting women. Recent research has spotlighted bioactive peptides derived from laminin-111, implicated in breast tumor development. Remarkably, the sequences IKVAV, YIGSR, and KAFDITYVRLKF from the α1, β1, and γ1 chains, respectively, have garnered significant attention. This study aims to assess the potential of these radiolabeled peptides as targeting agents for breast cancer. The three peptides were synthesized using the Fmoc strategy, purified via reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC), and characterized through mass spectrometry. Iodine-131 (131I) radiolabeling was performed using the chloramine T method, exhibiting high radiochemical yield and stability for [131I]I-YIKVAV and [131I]I-YIGSR. Conversely, [131I]I-KAFDITYVRLKF demonstrated low radiochemical yield and stability and was excluded from the biological studies. The lipophilicity of the compounds ranged from − 2.12 to − 1.10. Serum protein binding assay for [131I]I-YIKVAV and [131I]I-YIGSR reached ≅ 48% and ≅ 25%, respectively. Affinity for breast cancer cells was evaluated using MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 tumor cell lines, indicating the affinity of the radiopeptides with these tumor cells. Ex vivo biodistribution profiles of the radiopeptides were assessed in the MDA-MB-231 breast tumor animal model, revealing tumor tissue accumulation, supported by a high tumor-to-contralateral muscle ratio and autoradiography. These results signify the effective penetration of YIKVAV and YIGSR into tumor tissue. Therefore, the synthesized α1 and β1 peptide fragments exhibit favorable characteristics as potential breast cancer-targeting agents, promising future exploration as radiopharmaceuticals for breast cancer.
P-stable abstractions of hybrid systems
Authors: Becchi Anna , Cimatti Alessandro , Zaffanella Enea
Published: January 2024

Stability is a fundamental requirement of dynamical systems. Most of the works concentrate on verifying stability for a given stability region. In this paper, we tackle the problem of synthesizing$${\mathbb {P}}$$
P
-stable abstractions. Intuitively, the $${\mathbb {P}}$$
P
-stable abstraction of a dynamical system characterizes the transitions between stability regions in response to external inputs. The stability regions are not given—rather, they are synthesized as their most precise representation with respect to a given set of predicates $${\mathbb {P}}$$
P
. A $${\mathbb {P}}$$
P
-stable abstraction is enriched by timing information derived from the duration of stabilization. We implement a synthesis algorithm in the framework of Abstract Interpretation that allows different degrees of approximation. We show the representational power of $${\mathbb {P}}$$
P
-stable abstractions that provide a high-level account of the behavior of the system with respect to stability, and we experimentally evaluate the effectiveness of the algorithm in synthesizing $${\mathbb {P}}$$
P
-stable abstractions for significant systems.
Vagueness as an implicit-encoding persuasive strategy: an experimental approach
Authors: Mannaioli Giorgia , Ansani Alessandro , Coppola Claudia , Lombardi Vallauri Edoardo
Published: January 2024

The paper provides novel theoretical and experimental perspectives on the functioning of linguistic vagueness as an implicit persuasive strategy. It presents an operative definition of pragmatically marked vagueness, referring to vague expressions whose interpretation is not retrievable by recipients. The phenomenon is illustrated via numerous examples of its use in predominantly persuasive texts (i.e., advertising and political propaganda) in different languages. The psycholinguistic functioning of vague expressions is then illustrated by the results of a self-paced reading task experiment. Data showing shorter reading times associated with markedly vague expressions as compared to expressions that are either (a) lexically more precise or (b) made precise by the context suggest that the former are interpreted in a shallow way, without searching for and/or retrieving exact referents. These results support the validity of a differentiation between context-supported vs. non-supported vague expressions. Furthermore, validation of using marked vagueness as a persuasive implicit strategy which reduces epistemic vigilance is provided.
Flow front mobility of rock avalanches as a function of flow volume, grain size, channel width, basal friction and flow scale
Authors: Cagnoli B.
Published: January 2024

The ability to predict the mobility of rock avalanches is necessary when designing strategies to mitigate the risks they pose. A popular mobility indicator of the flow front is the Heim’s apparent friction coefficient $${\mu }_{H}$$

μ
H

. In the field, $${\mu }_{H}$$

μ
H

shows a decrease in value as flow volume V increases. But this correlation has been a mystery as to whether it is due to a causal relationship between V and mobility since: (1) field data of $${\mu }_{H}$$

μ
H

do not collapse onto a single curve because typically widely scattered and (2) laboratory experiments have shown an opposite volume effect on the center of mass mobility of miniature flows. My numerical simulations confirm for the first time the existence of a functional relationship of scaling parameters where $${\mu }_{H}$$

μ
H

decreases as V increases in unsteady and nonuniform 3D flows. Data scatter is caused by $${\mu }_{H}$$

μ
H

that is affected by numerous other variables besides V. The interplay of these variables produces different granular regimes with opposite volume effects. In particular, $${\mu }_{H}$$

μ
H

decreases as V increases in the regime characterized by a relatively rough subsurface. The relationship holds for large-scale flows that, like rock avalanches, consist of a very large number of fine clasts traveling in wide channels. In these dense flows, flow front mobility increases as flow volume increases, as channel width increases, as grain size decreases, as basal friction decreases and as flow scale increases. Larger-scale flows are more mobile because they have larger Froude number values.
Biostratigraphy and paleoecology of the upper Badenian carbonate and siliciclastic nearshore facies in the Vienna Basin (Slovakia)
Authors: Jamrich Michal , Rybár Samuel , Ruman Andrej , Kováčová Marianna , Hudáčková Natália
Published: January 2024

This study provides a comprehensive examination of algal bioherm structures, including reefs and carpets that contain nannoplankton and foraminifera, originating from the upper Badenian (middle Miocene) strata of the Vienna Basin in the Central Paratethys. These lithofacies primarily consist of the carbonate red algal genus Lithothamnion. Through an integrated approach that combines calcareous nannoplankton, foraminifera, sedimentology, and palynology, the study explores the Serravallian (upper Badenian) sediments from the Vienna Basin. The biostratigraphic age, consistent with the NN6 and CPN9 zones, is further corroborated by 87Sr/86Sr dating. This research highlights the importance of taphonomic processes and paleoecological proxies in small-scale characterization and detecting short-term shifts within paleoenvironmental conditions. These unique bioherm structures enable a novel description of a limestone formation within the Vienna Basin (Sandberg Formation), which seems pervasive across the Central Paratethys region. The findings uphold the hypothesis of a profound connection between the Mediterranean and Central Paratethys via the Trans-Tethyan Trench Corridor, bolstered by upwelling conditions observed in the eastern perimeter of the Vienna Basin. Two main inhibitory mechanisms for carbonate growth in the Upper Badenian within the Central Paratethys area are confirmed: the first is a substantial siliciclastic influx from the Alps and Carpathians, supported by the ongoing rifting of the Vienna and Danube Basins; the second is the propagation of evaporites in the Transcarpathian and Transylvanian Basins leading to precipitation, which disrupts carbonate growth. This investigation underlines the intertwined relationship between regional geodynamics and carbonate sedimentation processes during the Miocene.
Addressing Inequities in Access to Mental Healthcare: A Policy Analysis of Community Mental Health Systems Serving Minoritized Populations in North Carolina
Authors: Zabelski Sasha , Hollander Mara , Alexander Apryl
Published: January 2024

Racial and ethnic minoritized uninsured populations in the United States face the greatest barriers to accessing mental healthcare. Historically, systems of care in the U.S. were set up using inadequate evidence at the federal, state, and local levels, driving inequities in access to quality care for minoritized populations. These inequities are most evident in community-based mental health services, which are partially or fully funded by federal programs and predominantly serve historically minoritized groups. In this descriptive policy analysis, we outline the history of federal legislative policies that have dictated community mental health systems and how these policies were implemented in North Carolina, which has a high percentage of uninsured communities of color. Several gaps between laws passed in the last 60 years and research on improving inequities in access to mental health services are discussed. Recommendations to expand/fix these policies include funding accurate data collection and implementation methods such as electronic health record (EHR) systems to ensure policies are informed by extensive data, implementation of evidence-informed and culturally sensitive interventions, and prioritizing preventative services that move past traditional models of mental healthcare.
Effects of physical exercise during adjuvant chemotherapy for breast cancer on long-term tested and perceived cognition: results of a pragmatic follow-up study
Authors: Naaktgeboren Willeke R. , Koevoets Emmie W. , Stuiver Martijn M. , van Harten Wim H. , Aaronson Neil K. , van der Wall Elsken , Velthuis Miranda , Sonke Gabe , Schagen Sanne B. , Groen Wim G. , May Anne M.
Published: January 2024

Purpose

Cancer-related cognitive impairment (CRCI) following chemotherapy is commonly reported in breast cancer survivors, even years after treatment. Data from preclinical studies suggest that exercise during chemotherapy may prevent or diminish cognitive problems; however, clinical data are scarce.

Methods

This is a pragmatic follow-up study of two original randomized trials, which compares breast cancer patients randomized to exercise during chemotherapy to non-exercise controls 8.5 years post-treatment. Cognitive outcomes include an online neuropsychological test battery and self-reported cognitive complaints. Cognitive performance was compared to normative data and expressed as age-adjusted z-scores.

Results

A total of 143 patients participated in the online cognitive testing. Overall, cognitive performance was mildly impaired on some, but not all, cognitive domains, with no significant differences between groups. Clinically relevant cognitive impairment was present in 25% to 40% of all participants, regardless of study group. We observed no statistically significant effect of exercise, or being physically active during chemotherapy, on long-term cognitive performance or self-reported cognition, except for the task reaction time, which favored the control group (β = -2.04, 95% confidence interval: -38.48; -2.38). We observed no significant association between self-reported higher physical activity levels during chemotherapy or at follow-up and better cognitive outcomes.

Conclusion

In this pragmatic follow-up study, exercising and being overall more physically active during or after adjuvant chemotherapy for breast cancer was not associated with better tested or self-reported cognitive functioning, on average, 8.5 years after treatment. Future prospective studies are needed to document the complex relationship between exercise and CRCI in cancer survivors.
Fabrication and characterization of 3D-printed composite scaffolds of coral-derived hydroxyapatite nanoparticles/polycaprolactone/gelatin carrying doxorubicin for bone tissue engineering
Authors: Kadi Fatima , Dini Ghasem , Poursamar S. Ali , Ejeian Fatemeh
Published: January 2024

In this study, nanocomposite scaffolds of hydroxyapatite (HA)/polycaprolactone (PCL)/gelatin (Gel) with varying amounts of HA (42–52 wt. %), PCL (42–52 wt. %), and Gel (6 wt. %) were 3D printed. Subsequently, a scaffold with optimal mechanical properties was utilized as a carrier for doxorubicin (DOX) in the treatment of bone cancer. For this purpose, HA nanoparticles were first synthesized by the hydrothermal conversion of Acropora coral and characterized by using different techniques. Also, a compression test was performed to investigate the mechanical properties of the fabricated scaffolds. The mineralization of the optimal scaffold was determined by immersing it in simulated body fluid (SBF) solution for 28 days, and the biocompatibility was investigated by seeding MG-63 osteoblast-like cells on it after 1–7 days. The obtained results showed that the average size of the synthesized HA particles was about 80 nm. The compressive modulus and strength of the scaffold with 47 wt. % HA was reported to be 0.29 GPa and 9.9 MPa, respectively, which was in the range of trabecular bones. In addition, the scaffold surface was entirely coated with an apatite layer after 28 days of soaking in SBF. Also, the efficiency and loading percentage of DOX were obtained as 30.8 and 1.6%, respectively. The drug release behavior was stable for 14 days. Cytotoxicity and adhesion evaluations showed that the fabricated scaffold had no negative effects on the viability of MG-63 cells and led to their proliferation during the investigated period. From these results, it can be concluded that the HA/PCL/Gel scaffold prepared in this study, in addition to its drug release capability, has good bioactivity, mechanical properties, and biocompatibility, and can be considered a suitable option for bone tumor treatment.

Graphical Abstract
Synthesis of Eu-doped K0.5Na0.5NbO3 ceramics and their luminescent and dielectric properties
Authors: Lubszczyk Marta , Brylewski Tomasz , Ziewiec Krzysztof , Kruk Andrzej
Published: January 2024

K0.5Na0.5NbO3:xEu sol–gel powders and bulk samples were synthesized by means of a modified sol–gel method. Two types of samples were obtained via sintering at two temperatures. X-ray diffraction revealed the presence of the perovskite phase in materials obtained at both temperatures. Eu3+ emission and excitation studies were conducted to determine its luminescence response. For K0.5Na0.5NbO3:xEu sinters, the excitation spectra included narrow peaks in the VIS range due to the 5D0–7F1 and 5D0–7F2 relaxation processes. These transitions were indicative of the presence of Eu3+ at sites of low symmetry. Dielectric studies indicated that Eu2O3 affected the observed phase transitions. The influence of sintering temperature on structure and physicochemical properties was discussed.
Scarcity and quality risks for future global urban water supply
Authors: Liu Zhifeng , Ying Jiahe , He Chunyang , Guan Dongjie , Pan Xinhao , Dai Yihua , Gong Binghua , He Keren , Lv Caifeng , Wang Xin , Lin Jingyu , Liu Yanxu , Bryan Brett A.
Published: January 2024

Context

Supply of freshwater to the world’s cities is increasingly affected by human pressures and climate change. Understanding the effects of human pressures and climate change on global urban water scarcity and quality risks in an integrated way is important.

Objectives

The objective of this study is to assess the scarcity and quality risks to water security for 304 large cities (population > 1 million) across the world for 2015 and 2050.

Methods

We assessed the water scarcity according to water demand and availability, and evaluated the quality of water supply in terms of the population density, cropland fertilization, and landscape patterns in source watersheds. In addition, the impacts of human pressures and climate change on urban water risks were quantified using contribution analysis.

Results

We found that about 90% of these cities faced water risks in 2015. The number of cities facing quality risk was about three times the number of cities facing scarcity risk, and nearly a quarter faced dual risks. From 2015 to 2050, 88.8–99.7% of cities were projected to face rising water risks with about one-third facing dual risks by 2050. Increase in water demand was the main cause of rising scarcity risk; growth in population and crop fertilization in source watersheds were the main reasons for rising quality risk.

Conclusions

There is an urgent need to promote landscape conservation of urban water source areas, implement sustainable urban water planning and governance, improve water supply infrastructure, and refine ecological compensation regimes to achieve global urban water security.
Rational factionalization for agents with probabilistically related beliefs
Authors: Freeborn David Peter Wallis
Published: January 2024

General epistemic polarization arises when the beliefs of a population grow further apart, in particular when all agents update on the same evidence. Epistemic factionalization arises when the beliefs grow further apart, but different beliefs also become correlated across the population. I present a model of how factionalization can emerge in a population of ideally rational agents. This kind of factionalization is driven by probabilistic relations between beliefs, with background beliefs shaping how the agents’ beliefs evolve in the light of new evidence. Moreover, I show that in such a model, the only possible outcomes from updating on identical evidence are general convergence or factionalization. Beliefs cannot spread out in all directions: if the beliefs overall polarize, then it must result in factionalization.
Effect of center of rotation of angulation-based levelling osteotomy on instantaneous center of rotation ex vivo
Authors: Miles James Edward , Mazdarani Parisa
Published: January 2024

Cranial cruciate ligament rupture is a common cause of femorotibial instability in dogs. Despite numerous techniques being described for achieving joint stabilization, no consensus exists on the optimal management strategy. This ex vivo study utilized the path of the instantaneous center of rotation (ICR) to compare normal, pathological and treated joints. Fluoroscopic recordings of seven limbs from a previous study of canine stifle joint stability following center of rotation of angulation-based levelling osteotomy (CBLO) with and without hamstring loading were analyzed using least-squares approximation of the ICR and estimation of percentage gliding (vs. rolling) to determine if alterations in ICR path and gliding caused by CCL transection and following meniscal release could be normalized by CBLO. In intact joints, the ICR path was located mid-condyle, but this shifted significantly proximally and caudally following CCL transection and medial meniscal release (p < 0.007, p < 0.04). Hamstring loading resulted in qualitative and some quantitative improvements in joint movement based on percentage gliding movement analysis. The ICR path after CBLO remained significantly different to the intact location with or without a hamstring load (p < 0.02, p < 0.04), potentially consistent with CBLO aims of mild residual instability. CBLO resulted in percentage gliding characteristics not significantly different to intact joints (p > 0.08). Qualitative improvements in ICR path and percentage gliding quantities and variability suggest that hamstring loading positively influences joint biomechanics and that further investigation of this role ex vivo and clinically is warranted.