bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Exercise-Induced Wheeze, Urgent Medical Visits, and Neighborhood Asthma Prevalence
Authors: Mainardi Timothy R. , Mellins Robert B. , Miller Rachel L. , Acosta Luis M. , Cornell Alexandra , Hoepner Lori , Quinn James W. , Yan Beizhan , Chillrud Steven N. , Olmedo Omar E. , Perera Frederica P. , Goldstein Inge F. , Rundle Andrew G. , Jacobson Judith S. , Perzanowski Matthew S.
Published: December 2012

OBJECTIVE:

Exercise-induced wheeze (EIW) may identify a distinct population among asthmatics and give insight into asthma morbidity etiology. The prevalence of pediatric asthma and associated urgent medical visits varies greatly by neighborhood in New York City and is highest in low-income neighborhoods. Although increased asthma severity might contribute to the disparities in urgent medical visits, when controlling for health insurance coverage, we previously observed no differences in clinical measures of severity between asthmatic children living in neighborhoods with lower (3%–9%) versus higher (11%–19%) asthma prevalence. Among these asthmatics, we hypothesized that EIW would be associated with urgent medical visits and a child’s neighborhood asthma prevalence.

METHODS:

Families of 7- to 8-year-old children were recruited into a case-control study of asthma through an employer-based health insurance provider. Among the asthmatics (n = 195), prevalence ratios (PRs) for EIW were estimated. Final models included children with valid measures of lung function, seroatopy, and waist circumference (n = 140).

RESULTS:

EIW was associated with urgent medical visits for asthma (PR, 2.29; P = .021), independent of frequent wheeze symptoms. In contrast to frequent wheeze, EIW was not associated with seroatopy or exhaled NO, suggesting a distinct mechanism. EIW prevalence among asthmatics increased with increasing neighborhood asthma prevalence (PR, 1.09; P = .012), after adjustment for race, ethnicity, maternal asthma, environmental tobacco smoke, household income, and neighborhood income.

CONCLUSIONS:

EIW may contribute to the disparities in urgent medical visits for asthma between high- and low-income neighborhoods. Physicians caring for asthmatics should consider EIW an indicator of risk for urgent medical visits.
Antibiotic Prophylaxis for Urinary Tract Infections in Antenatal Hydronephrosis
Authors: Braga Luis H. , Mijovic Hana , Farrokhyar Forough , Pemberton Julia , DeMaria Jorge , Lorenzo Armando J.
Published: December 2012

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:

Continuous antibiotic prophylaxis (CAP) is recommended to prevent urinary tract infections (UTIs) in newborns with antenatal hydronephrosis (HN). However, there is a paucity of high-level evidence supporting this practice. The goal of this study was to conduct a systematic evaluation to determine the value of CAP in reducing the rate of UTIs in this patient population.

METHODS:

Pertinent articles and abstracts from 4 electronic databases and gray literature, spanning publication dates between 1990 and 2010, were included. Eligibility criteria included studies of children <2 years old with antenatal HN, receiving either CAP or not, and reporting on development of UTIs, capturing information on voiding cystourethrogram (VCUG) result and HN grade. Full-text screening and quality appraisal were conducted by 2 independent reviewers.

RESULTS:

Of 1681 citations, 21 were included in the final analysis (N = 3876 infants). Of these, 76% were of moderate or low quality. Pooled UTI rates in patients with low-grade HN were similar regardless of CAP status: 2.2% on prophylaxis versus 2.8% not receiving prophylaxis. In children with high-grade HN, patients receiving CAP had a significantly lower UTI rate versus those not receiving CAP (14.6% [95% confidence interval: 9.3–22.0] vs 28.9% [95% confidence interval: 24.6–33.6], P < .01). The estimated number needed to treat to prevent 1 UTI in patients with high-grade HN was 7.

CONCLUSIONS:

This systematic review suggests value in offering CAP to infants with high-grade HN, however the impact of important variables (eg, gender, reflux, circumcision status) could not be assessed. The overall level of evidence of available data is unfortunately moderate to low.
What is new in antithrombotic therapy in cardiology
Authors: Kiss Róbert Gábor
Published: December 2012

Substantial development has been made in the field of antithrombotic therapy of heart diseases during the last two years. The “gold constant“ combination of heparin, coumadin, aspirin and clopidogrel has been started to be questioned. All of the traditional drugs have or will have new classmates in the near future. New drugs have become available with new targets, new way of action with theoretical as well as practical advantages. Orv. Hetil., 2012, 153, 2016–2020.
Performance enhancement of poly (lactic acid)/soy protein concentrate blends by promoting formation of network structure
Authors: Liu Bo , Guevara Gabriel Z. , Zhang Jinwen , Liu Linshu
Published: December 2012

In this study, effects of water content in the preformulated soy protein concentrate (SPC) and SPC content on thermal, rheological and mechanical properties and morphology of poly(lactic acid) (PLA)/SPC blends were studied. The blends were prepared by twin screw compounding and the test specimens were injection molded. Water in the preformulated SPC was a critical factor for the development of SPC phase structure in the blends. The results indicated that the preformulated SPC containing water experienced large deformation during compounding and formed interconnected network structure in the resulting blends. Dynamic mechanical analysis revealed that the addition of water in the preformulated SPC and increasing the SPC loading level greatly improved the storage modulus of the resulting PLA/SPC blends at elevated temperatures.
Howler and capuchin monkey densities in riparian forests on islands and adjacent shores on the Upper Paraná River, southern Brazil
Authors: Aguiar Lucas M. , Ludwig Gabriela , Roper James J. , Svoboda Walfrido K. , Navarro Italmar T. , Passos Fernando C.
Published: December 2012

Three primates (Alouatta caraya, Sapajus nigritus and Sapajus cay) are found in riparian areas of the Upper Paraná River in southern Brazil. Population densities of these three species were estimated from October 2004 through September 2005 by counts on linear transects in riparian forests on two riverine islands and adjacent shores in the states of Mato Grosso do Sul and Paraná. A total of 397 sightings of these species were accumulated in 188 km of traversed transects. Alouatta caraya was the most abundant species on the large island (2.56 ind ha-1) and on the Mato Grosso do Sul side (0.84 ind ha-1). This density was greater than twice that of the sympatric S. cay (0.31 ind ha-1). Sapajus nigritus was the most abundant species on the Paraná side (0.51 ind ha-1) followed by A. caraya (0.40 ind ha-1). The folivorous A. caraya was the most abundant in flooded forests, while the omnivorous Sapajus species were less so. Differences in forests, conservation status, dispersal restrictions and autecology of the primates help explain differences in primate abundance.
A wild tamarin without a foot— survival despite a handicap
Authors: Heymann Eckhard W. , Tello Ney Shahuano , Hölscher Oda
Published: December 2012

No abstract
Observação de comportamento agonístico de Cebuella pygmaea sobre Sciurus spadiceus em um fragmento florestal no estado do Acre, Brasil
Authors: Canizo Rodrigo Otávio Almeida , Calouro Armando Muniz
Published: December 2012

No abstract
Further information on Neotropical monkeys in the XVI century: part 3
Authors: Urbani Bernardo
Published: December 2012

No abstract
Simposio “Primatología en el Perú: Historia, Estado Actual y Perspectivas”
Authors: Fernández Fanny Cornejo , Torres Víctor Pacheco , Heymann Eckhard W.
Published: December 2012

No abstract
Rheological properties and mineral content of buckwheat enriched wholegrain wheat pasta
Authors: Nedeljkovic Natasa , Sakac Marijana , Mandic Anamarija , Psodorov Djordje , Jambrec Dubravka , Pestoric Mladenka , Sedej Ivana , Dapcevic-Hadnadjev Tamara
Published: December 2012

Light buckwheat flour (LBF) was used to substitute 20% of whole wheat flour
(WWF) in the formulation of wholegrain wheat pasta. Wholegrain wheat pasta
(WWP) and buckwheat enriched wholegrain wheat pasta (BWWP) were produced on
an industrial scale. Substitution level of buckwheat flour (20%) was based on
previously conducted rheological tests on LBF/WWF blends which were performed
using 10, 20 and 30% of LBF. The obtained Mixolab profiles have indicated
that wheat blend containing 20% LBF expressed the most similar rheological
parameters to WWF. Proximate composition, cooking quality and mineral content
of BWWP were analyzed and compared with those of WWP. The substitution of WWF
with LBF in the pasta formulation resulted in significantly increased (P <
0.05) contents of P, Mg, K and Zn compared to WWP in dry pasta. The reduction
in mineral content of BWWP during cooking was significantly higher (P < 0.05)
compared to WWP. The content of P, Mg and K were at same level in both type
of pasta after cooking. The obtained results suggest that enrichment of WWP
with LBF at the level of 20% did not improve the mineral content of cooked
pasta, although increase in minerals was observed in dry pasta.
Labio-lingual root control of lower anterior teeth and canines obtained by active and passive self-ligating brackets
Authors: Cattaneo Paolo M. , Salih Raaid A. , Melsen Birte
Published: December 2012

Objective:

To investigate the torque capabilities of passive and active self-ligating (SL) brackets on mandibular incisors and canines using three-dimensional (3D) imaging analysis.

Materials and Methods:

Two types of SL bracket systems were analyzed: a passive and an active. Both brackets had a 0.022 × 0.028-inch slot size. Treatment protocol and wire sequences were followed as recommended by the manufacturers. Twenty-six patients were included in the passive group and 20 were included in the active group; all received pretreatment and posttreatment cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) scanning. Based on the CBCT scans, a customized 3D analysis was developed to assess labiolingual inclination of the roots of mandibular canines and incisors with respect to the occlusal plane before and after treatment.

Results:

Following treatment, a statistically significant labiolingual proclination of the teeth was seen in both groups. Moreover, in both SL systems the roots exhibited a large variation in labiolingual inclination between adjacent teeth even after treatment.

Conclusions:

A significant proclination was seen for the mandibular front teeth; the claimed third-order torque control of SL systems could not be demonstrated. Therefore, a considerable play between the wire and the brackets could be hypothesized, even more in relation to the passive than the active SL brackets.
Presence of Macroalbuminuria Predicts Severe Hypoglycemia in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Yun Jae-Seung , Ko Sun-Hye , Ko Sun-Hee , Song Ki-Ho , Ahn Yu-Bae , Yoon Kun-Ho , Park Yong-Moon , Ko Seung-Hyun
Published: December 2012

OBJECTIVE

We investigated the factors that might influence the development of severe hypoglycemia in patients with type 2 diabetes.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

From January 2000 to December 2002, patients with type 2 diabetes aged 25–75 years without chronic kidney disease (estimated glomerular filtration rate ≥60 mL/min/1.73 m2) were consecutively recruited (n = 1,217) and followed-up in January 2011 and May 2012. Severe hypoglycemia (SH) was defined as an event requiring the assistance of another person to actively administer glucose, hospitalization, or medical care in an emergency department. We used Cox proportional hazard regression analysis to test the association between SH episodes and potential explanatory variables.

RESULTS

After a median 10.4 years of follow-up, 111 (12.6%) patients experienced 140 episodes of SH, and the incidence was 1.55 per 100 patient-years. Mean age and duration of diabetes were 55.3 ± 9.8 and 9.8 ± 6.5 years, respectively. The incidence of SH events was higher in older patients (P < 0.001), in those with a longer duration of diabetes (P < 0.001), in those who used insulin (P < 0.001) and sulfonylurea (P = 0.003), and in those who had macroalbuminuria (P < 0.001) at baseline. Cox hazard regression analysis revealed that SH was associated with longer duration of diabetes and the presence of macroalbuminuria (normoalbuminuria versus macroalbuminuria: hazard ratio, 2.52; 95% CI 1.31–4.84; P = 0.006).

CONCLUSIONS

The development of SH was independently associated with duration of diabetes and presence of macroalbuminuria, even with normal renal function in patients with type 2 diabetes.
Depression in medical studients
Authors: Barakoti B
Published: December 2012

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jkmc.v1i1.7256 Journal of Kathmandu Medical College, Vol. 1, No. 1, Issue 1, Jul.-Sep., 2012 pp.45-46
The Woodpecker's Cavity Microenvironment: Advantageous or Restricting?
Authors: Mersten-Katz Cindy , Barnea Anat , Yom-Tov Yoram , Ar Amos
Published: December 2012

We studied the nesting biology of the Syrian woodpecker ( Dendrocopos syriacus) in Israel, emphasising its physiological aspects and the environment of the tree hole nest cavity (~ 2 litres in volume). Eggs (mean mass = 5.4 ± 0.4 g SD) are laid once a day during April and May to produce a mean clutch size of four (range 3-5). Active incubation starts after the last egg is laid and lasts 11 days. Both hatching and fledging are spread over 2-3 days. Parents share incubation during the day but only males incubate at night. Both parents share the feeding of the nestlings equally. Males occupy and guard the empty nest at night all year round. Incubation and fledging periods add up to a normal fledging time for the species. The young are fed by their parents outside the nest for another month.

Mean egg temperature was not significantly different between day and night, averaging 34.2°C (± 4.3 SD). Mean egg water loss was 1.4 % d−1 of the initial egg mass prior to the onset of incubation and 0.5% d−1 during incubation. The extrapolated total water loss of the eggs was 13.1% at the end of incubation. This indicates a good match of cavity humidity and the water vapour eggshell conductance of 1 mg·(d Torr)−1 (=100 mg·(d kPa)−1), where, in spite of the higher egg temperature during active incubation, the egg water loss rate is reduced due to the presence of the incubating parent.

Gas composition at the bottom of the nest initially decreased by ~ 1.75 % for O2 whereas CO2 increased by ~ 1.20 %, due to clutch activities until the nestlings were about 15 days old. There was little change in nest gas composition between 15 and 22 days of rearing. From that time on until fledging O2 concentration increased and CO2 decreased due to nestlings’ up and down activity in the nest shaft and the fact that they fledge asynchronously at the age of 26 days.
To Clean, or Not to Clean? That is the Question
Authors: du Feu Christopher R.
Published: December 2012

Cleaning passerine nestboxes after birds have fledged is widely thought to remove parasites such as fleas. Experiments are now described that examine the value of cleaning such nests after use.
Micro-Level Management of Agricultural Inputs: Emerging Approaches
Authors: Weekley Jonathan , Gabbard Joseph , Nowak Jerzy
Published: December 2012

Through the development of superior plant varieties that benefit from high agrochemical inputs and irrigation, the agricultural Green Revolution has doubled crop yields, yet introduced unintended impacts on environment. An expected 50% growth in world population during the 21st century demands novel integration of advanced technologies and low-input production systems based on soil and plant biology, targeting precision delivery of inputs synchronized with growth stages of crop plants. Further, successful systems will integrate subsurface water, air and nutrient delivery, real-time soil parameter data and computer-based decision-making to mitigate plant stress and actively manipulate microbial rhizosphere communities that stimulate productivity. Such an approach will ensure food security and mitigate impacts of climate change.
Barriers and Bridges to U.S. Forest Service—Community Relationships: Results from Two Pilot Tests of a Rapid Social Capital Assessment Protocol
Authors: Smith Jordan
Published: December 2012

Successful management of national forests in the United States requires Forest Service personnel to collaborate with the public, including individuals living in communities near national forest lands. Collaboration enables agency personnel to build long-term trusting and reciprocal relationships with local communities through their ongoing planning processes. However, frequently agency personnel do not have the tools or data necessary to measure the strength of relationships that exist between the agency and local communities. A rapid social capital assessment protocol is presented that can be used by agency personnel and social scientists as a tool for gauging the existence and strength of Forest Service—community relationships. The utility of the protocol is illustrated by describing findings from two pilot tests conducted in communities near the Tombigbee National Forest in Mississippi and the Nantahala National Forest in North Carolina. Barriers to effective Forest Service—community relationships are highlighted and opportunities for social capital development, such as utilizing local news outlets, are presented.
Kasprzak, M.M., et al., Correction: Effect of Enzymatic Treatment of Different Starch Sources on the in Vitro Rate and Extent of Starch Digestion. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2012, 13, 929-942.
Authors: Kasprzak Mirosław , Lærke Helle , Larsen Flemming , Knudsen Knud , Pedersen Sven , Jørgensen Anne
Published: December 2012

The authors wish to change the description of preparation of samples at Experimental Section on their paper published in IJMS [1]. [...]
Zhou, T.B., et al., Correction: All-Trans Retinoic Acid Treatment Is Associated with Prohibitin Expression in Renal Interstitial Fibrosis Rats. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2012, 13, 2769-2782.
Authors: Zhou Tian-Biao , Qin Yuan-Han , Li Zheng-Yi , Xu Hui-Ling , Zhao Yan-Jun , Lei Feng-Ying
Published: December 2012

The authors wish to change Figure 2 of the paper published in IJMS [1]. The positions of H1 and H2 in the previous article were reversed. These errors have been amended in an amended version of the manuscript, which is available from the International Journal of Molecular Sciences website. The authors and publisher apologize for the inconvenience. [...]
Reasons for and Contexts of Deep Theological Engagement with Other Religious Traditions in Europe: Toward a Comparative Theology
Authors: Winkler Ulrich
Published: December 2012

The different contexts of America and Europe have a significant impact on the development of comparative theology, especially in the German-speaking countries. The latter have found other solutions to the problem of religious pluralism that are not really conducive to comparative theology. Hence, the double responsibility of Catholic theology in particular toward the university and toward the Church is a part of the discourse policy of theology, which affects the theology of religions and comparative theology. On the one hand, theology is under the protection of the state, and on the other hand theology is threatened by the risk of unreliability due to ecclesiastical paternalism. But the theology of religions and comparative theology do not evade into science of religion or neo-orthodoxy, rather, they take a risk in a theological engagement with other religions, bringing one’s own faith into a deep encounter with other religions and their faiths while delving into points of detail. After giving short descriptions of these tasks, this article shows some examples of practice in comparative theology and gives a prospect into potential further developments of comparative theology in theories of difference and spaces.
“Nothing Exists Except an Earthenware Pot”: Resisting Sovereignty on Robinson’s Island
Authors: Martel James
Published: December 2012

In this essay I would like to focus on “The Beast and the Sovereign”—and especially the Second Volume—as being something of an exception to Derrida’s usual hesitations about sovereignty. In other works, such as “Rogues”, Derrida displays a deep ambivalence about sovereignty insofar as for all of his condemnation of sovereign authority, he fears that what might replace it could be even worse (and, to be fair, he also sees positive aspects of sovereignty as well). In “The Beast and the Sovereign,” we find evidence of this ambivalence as well but here, Derrida comes a bit closer to the kind of position advocated by Walter Benjamin wherein sovereignty is an idolatrous practice of politics one which must not be eliminated so much as subverted. In particular, I focus on Derrida’s reading in Volume II of “Robinson Crusoe” as a text that both founds the sovereign subject and subverts it (by revealing its vulnerability, its fictional nature). In looking at how the book disappoints as much as it answers sovereign phantasms of authority and unity, I argue that Derrida transfers his own ambivalence about sovereignty to sovereignty itself, subverting and rupturing its central tenets in the process.
Plan d'affaires : passer du prêt-à-porter au sur-mesure
Authors: Witmeur Olivier
Published: December 2012

Résumé Comment les partenaires financiers des jeunes entrepreneurs raisonnent-ils face à un nouveau projet ? L’analyse du point de vue de la principale catégorie de destinataires du d’affaires met en avant des différences significatives entre les attentes des banquiers, celles des business angels et celles des investisseurs en capital-risque. Les différences portent tant sur la forme que sur le fond. L’analyse souligne également deux évolutions valables pour tous : l’importance accrue des aspects commerciaux au détriment des analyses plus stratégiques. Ainsi, rien ne change : tout le monde veut toujours recevoir un plan d’affaires. Mais par ailleurs, l’heure n’est plus au stéréotype. La diversité des attentes et l’émergence de nouveaux outils permettent d’augmenter la pertinence de l’exercice de préparation du plan d’affaires, il faudrait plutôt dire « des » plans d’affaires. Les entrepreneurs et leurs accompagnateurs doivent donc compléter leur boîte à outils et mieux comprendre lequel utiliser en fonction du contexte.
L'avenir des humanités
Authors: Cibois Philippe
Published: December 2012

Résumé La culture classique ne peut plus aujourd’hui être considérée comme un « héritage » à réactiver. Il faut la réapprendre, non comme un patrimoine, mais comme une manière de penser le monde dans sa globalité, sans se laisser enfermer dans des savoirs techniques qui ont tendance à devenir hégémoniques ; cela suppose de repenser les méthodes d’enseignement du français, du latin, etc., pour faire contribuer ces matières à une éducation à la démocratie.
Les controverses du « mariage pour tous »
Authors: Duvert Cyrille , Lacroix Xavier , Schlegel Jean-Louis , Sichère Bernard , Padis Marc-Olivier , Béja Alice
Published: December 2012

Résumé L’ouverture du mariage aux couples de même sexe invite à s’interroger sur le mariage lui-même : est-il une célébration de l’amour ou la fondation de la famille ? On voit bien que c’est sur ce terrain que se déplace le débat, autour des questions de procréation et de filiation, de rapport au corps et de droit de l’enfant. Encore faut-il savoir si le droit seul est véritablement en mesure de les trancher.
Les multiples facettes du pacte de compétitivité
Authors: Meunier François
Published: December 2012

Résumé Les mesures annoncées par le gouvernement à la suite du rapport Gallois pour améliorer la compétitivité de la France reposent en grande partie sur des transferts de charges sociales, qui représentent une sorte de « dévaluation interne ». Cela ne peut pourtant suffire à regagner en compétitivité, face à une Allemagne qui, qu’on le veuille ou non, est aujourd’hui la puissance économique dominante, donc celle par rapport à laquelle on doit se situer.
Emerson et l'emprise du legs
Authors: Pétillon Pierre-Yves
Published: December 2012

Résumé Comment proclamer son indépendance ? Si les États-Unis ont conquis en 1776 leur indépendance politique, leur dépendance culturelle vis-à-vis de l’Europe persiste au xix e siècle. Le philosophe Ralph Waldo Emerson en appelle, lui, à se libérer de ces liens encombrants, à aller « un peu plus loin » pour donner une nouvelle forme à la pensée, aux mots ; mais est-il vraiment possible de penser « au-dehors », de se libérer de l’emprise de l’héritage ?
De strijd der twee zielen in het werk van Walter Schubart
Authors: Ester Hans
Published: December 2012

The struggle between two souls in the work of Walter Schubart.This essay explores the relevance of the work of Walter Schubart (1897-±1941), a virtually unknown cultural philosopher from Lithuania, for today. The writer focuses on the importance of Schubart’s programme of spiritual rebirth and on his intriguing vision for the people of Europe today. To counterbalance the metaphysical egotism of Europe, Schubart finds in Russia, and in Dostoyevsky in particular, a living consciousness of a relation to the whole that could heal Europe. The twentieth century is for Schubart a battlefield between, on the one hand, the promethean period of deserting God focusing on the earth, and on the other hand, the johannean period of the Messianic era that acts out of a desire for charity and healing. Despite criticism of Schubart’s somewhat simplistic views of cultural history, the author emphasises the surprising topical manner in which Schubart’s cultural critique confronts modern Western culture with a critical reflection of itself.
A Ciência da Informação e sua consolidação em face da interdisciplinaridade
Authors: Santana Glessa Heryka Celestino de
Published: December 2012

Este artigo apresenta uma discussão acerca da busca por uma identidade na disciplina Ciência da Informação, sob a ótica da interdisciplinaridade atribuída desde a sua origem. A informação, como objeto de estudo dessa disciplina, é vista como um fator que contribui para os entraves observados em seu reconhecimento com relação às outras disciplinas científicas, bem como à sociedade em geral. Destaca a institucionalização da Ciência da Informação, evidenciando seus requisitos, como um aspecto que se volta para o alcance do estatuto científico da disciplina.
Diretrizes para o desenvolvimento e a avaliação de blogs de biblioteca
Authors: Inafuko Laura Akie Saito , Vidotti Silvana Aparecida Borsetti Gregorio
Published: December 2012

Os blogs se popularizam pela facilidade de uso e publicação, influenciando no aumento de ambientes informacionais digitais. Considera-se necessário estudos que otimizem a organização das informações contidas em blogs, para contribuir no seu desenvolvimento. A partir de observação direta não-participativa, analisou-se em 6 blogs de bibliotecas universitárias elementos de AI (MORVILLE; ROSENFELD, 2006) e diretrizes de Usabilidade (NIELSEN, 2005), identificando-se os elementos fundamentais e opcionais para o desenvolvimento estrutural de um blog. Além disso, foram elaboradas diretrizes de planejamento, um modelo de avaliação, e foram propostos elementos de AI específicos para blogs, contribuindo para os estudos da AI Digital.
Necessidades de informação: uma análise sociocognitiva na gestão acadêmica no contexto da regulação
Authors: Presser Nadi Helena , Fukahori Mitsuo André Vieira
Published: December 2012

Apresenta-se uma análise sociocognitiva de investigação das necessidades de informação que surgem das diferentes tarefas que os coordenadores de pós-graduação assumem no seu trabalho. O contexto da regulação, objeto da pesquisa, se constituiu no ambiente social no qual as informações são produzidas e usadas. O estudo do documento da área das Ciências Sociais Aplicadas I se constituiu como a base empírica da pesquisa. Constatou-se que as necessidades de informação que surgem do conjunto de tarefas que estão no centro da regulação são conformadas nas comunidades acadêmicas. Ao mesmo tempo em que produzem resultados complexos, muitas tarefas podem ser decompostas em elementos compreensíveis e as necessidades de informação identificadas.
Aquisição de conhecimento para construção de ontologias: uma proposta de roteiro metodológico aplicado ao contexto da hematologia
Authors: Coelho Kátia Cardoso , Almeida Maurício Barcellos
Published: December 2012

Obter conhecimento especializado de um dado domínio do conhecimento é um desafio para diversos campos científicos. Em áreas correlatas às ciências da vida a terminologia é abrangente e complexa sujeita a diferentes interpretações para termos especializados. Esse tipo de problema, dentre outros relacionados, tem sido abordado há anos pela Ciência da Informação. O objetivo geral do presente trabalho é buscar alternativas para minimizar a distância entre o que o especialista tem a oferecer e aquilo que é de fato registrado como o que ele sabe. Para tal, foi proposto um roteiro para elicitação de conhecimento, para obtenção de conhecimento especializado sobre Mielopatia associada ao HTLV I. O universo empírico de dados corresponde à participação de pesquisadores do Grupo de Pesquisa em HTLV – GIPH, bem como a sua produção científica. Uma contribuição evidente da pesquisa é o roteiro metodológico descrito, que possibilitou a obtenção dos principais termos do domínio, candidatos à ontologia.
Tecnologias para competências em informação na web
Authors: Freire Isa Maria , Araújo Wagner Junqueira de , Silva Alba Lígia de Almeida
Published: December 2012

Apresenta e discute os resultados do Projeto Competências em informação − Tutoriais em Tecnologias Intelectuais para disseminação da informação na web, em desenvolvimento no Laboratório de Tecnologias Intelectuais – LTi do Departamento de Ciência da Informação da Universidade Federal da Paraíba. Discorre sobre a proposta de uma ação de extensão, em parceria com o ensino universitário nas áreas de Biblioteconomia e Arquivologia, para o desenvolvimento de competências para busca, organização, produção e disseminação da informação na Web. Relata o desenvolvimento de tutoriais para transferência de tecnologias intelectuais à comunidade interessada, na web, bem como experiência com oficinas presenciais realizadas por ocasião do I Salão Internacional do Livro da Paraíba, em 2010. Discute os resultados parciais da ação para competências em informação, a partir de reflexão sobre a experiência nesse primeiro ano do Projeto.
Acesso aberto à informação científica e direito autoral: ações e contradições
Authors: Souza Maria Naires Alves de , Paes Denyse Maria Borges , Fernandes Rafael Gomes , Rios Francisco Welton Silva
Published: December 2012

Aborda a questão do acesso aberto à informação científica, na sociedade atual, e as restrições impostas pelos ordenamentos jurídicos que defendem a propriedade intelectual. Objetiva-se, analisar a dissonância entre o Direito Autoral e o acesso aberto à informação científica com o fim de identificar suas ações e contradições. Trata de uma pesquisa bibliográfica e documental seguida de leituras e discussões em grupo. Evidenciou-se que o Direito Autoral brasileiro resguarda o autor ou titular (editoras) em prejuízo ao acesso aberto à produção científica financiada com recursos públicos. Verificou-se uma diversidade de iniciativas em vários países em prol do acesso aberto.
Dynamics of nitrogen oxides and ozone above and within a mixed hardwood forest in Northern Michigan
Authors: Seok B. , Helmig D. , Ganzeveld L. , Williams M. W. , Vogel C. S.
Published: December 2012

Abstract. The dynamic behavior of nitrogen oxides (NOx = NO + NO2) and ozone (O3) above and within the canopy at the University of Michigan Biological Station AmeriFlux (UMBS Flux) site was investigated by continuous multi-height vertical gradient measurements during the summer and the fall of 2008. A daily maximum in nitric oxide (NO) levels was consistently observed during the morning hours between 06:00 and 09:00 EST above the canopy. Daily NO maxima ranged between 0.2 and 2 ppbv (with a median of 0.3 ppbv), which was 2 to 20 times above its atmospheric background. The sources and causes of this NO maximum were evaluated using NOx and O3 measurements and synoptic and micrometeorological data. This analysis was further supported by numerical simulations with a multi-layer canopy exchange model implemented into a single-column chemistry-climate model. The observations indicated that the morning NO maximum was caused by the photolysis of NO2 from non-local air masses, which were transported into the canopy from aloft during the morning breakup of the nocturnal boundary layer. The analysis of simulated process tendencies indicated that the downward turbulent transport of NOx into the canopy compensates for the removal of NOx through chemistry and dry deposition. The sensitivity of NOx and O3 concentrations on soil and foliage NOx emissions was also assessed with the model. Uncertainties associated with the emissions of NOx from the soil or from leaf-surface nitrate photolysis did not explain the observed diurnal behavior in NOx (and O3), and in particular, the morning NOx peak mixing ratio. However, when considering the existence of a NO2 compensation point, an increase in the early morning NOx and NO peak mixing ratios by ~30% was simulated. This increase suggests the potential importance of leaf-level, bi-directional exchange of NO2 in understanding the observed temporal variability in NOx at UMBS.
On the characteristics of ASCAT wind direction ambiguities
Authors: Lin W. , Portabella M. , Stoffelen A. , Verhoef A.
Published: December 2012

Abstract. The inversion of the Advanced Scatterometer (ASCAT) backscatter measurement triplets generally leads to two wind ambiguities with similar wind speed values and opposite wind directions. However, for up-, down- and cross-wind (with respect to the mid beam azimuth direction) cases, the inversion often leads to three or four wind solutions. In most of such cases, the inversion residual or maximum likelihood estimator (MLE) of the 3rd and 4th solutions (i.e. high-rank solutions) are substantially higher than those of the first two (low rank) ambiguities, indicating a low probability of the former and thus essentially dual ambiguity. This paper investigates the characteristics of ASCAT high-rank wind solutions under different conditions with the objective to develop a method for rejecting the spurious high-rank solutions. The implementation of this rejection procedure improves the effectiveness of the ASCAT wind quality control (QC) and ambiguity removal procedures.
Methane emissions associated with the conversion of marshland to cropland and climate change on the Sanjiang Plain of northeast China from 1950 to 2100
Authors: Li T. , Huang Y. , Zhang W. , Yu Y.-Q.
Published: December 2012

Abstract. Wetland loss and climate change are known to alter regional and global methane (CH4) budgets. Over the last six decades, an extensive area of marshland has been converted to cropland on the Sanjiang Plain in northeast China, and a significant increase in air temperature has also been observed there, while the impacts on regional CH4 budgets remain uncertain. Through model simulation, we estimated the changes in CH4 emissions associated with the conversion of marshland to cropland and climate change in this area. Model simulations indicated a significant reduction of 1.1 Tg yr−1 (0.7–1.8 Tg yr−1) from the 1950s to the 2000s in regional CH4 emissions. The cumulative reduction of CH4 from 1960 to 2009 was estimated to be ~36 Tg (24–57 Tg) relative to the 1950s, and marshland conversion and the climate contributed 86% and 14% of this change, respectively. Interannual variation in precipitation (linear trend with P > 0.2) contributed to yearly fluctuations in CH4 emissions, but the relatively lower amount of precipitation over the period 1960–2009 (47 mm yr−1 lower on average than in the 1950s) contributed ~91% of the reduction in the area-weighted CH4 flux. Global warming at a rate of 0.3 ° per decade (P < 0.001) has increased CH4 emissions significantly since the 1990s. Relative to the mean of the 1950s, the warming-induced increase in the CH4 flux has averaged 19 kg ha−1 yr−1 over the last two decades. In the RCP (Representative Concentration Pathway) 2.6, RCP 4.5, RCP 6.0 and RCP 8.5 scenarios of the fifth IPCC assessment report (AR5), the CH4 fluxes are predicted to increase by 36%, 52%, 78% and 95%, respectively, by the 2080s compared to 1961–1990 in response to climate warming and wetting.
On the choice of the driving temperature for eddy-covariance carbon dioxide flux partitioning
Authors: Lasslop G. , Migliavacca M. , Bohrer G. , Reichstein M. , Bahn M. , Ibrom A. , Jacobs C. , Kolari P. , Papale D. , Vesala T. , Wohlfahrt G. , Cescatti A.
Published: December 2012

Abstract. Networks that merge and harmonise eddy-covariance measurements from many different parts of the world have become an important observational resource for ecosystem science. Empirical algorithms have been developed which combine direct observations of the net ecosystem exchange of carbon dioxide with simple empirical models to disentangle photosynthetic (GPP) and respiratory fluxes (Reco). The increasing use of these estimates for the analysis of climate sensitivities, model evaluation and calibration demands a thorough understanding of assumptions in the analysis process and the resulting uncertainties of the partitioned fluxes. The semi-empirical models used in flux partitioning algorithms require temperature observations as input, but as respiration takes place in many parts of an ecosystem, it is unclear which temperature input – air, surface, bole, or soil at a specific depth – should be used. This choice is a source of uncertainty and potential biases. In this study, we analysed the correlation between different temperature observations and nighttime NEE (which equals nighttime respiration) across FLUXNET sites to understand the potential of the different temperature observations as input for the flux partitioning model. We found that the differences in the correlation between different temperature data streams and nighttime NEE are small and depend on the selection of sites. We investigated the effects of the choice of the temperature data by running two flux partitioning algorithms with air and soil temperature. We found the time lag (phase shift) between air and soil temperatures explains the differences in the GPP and Reco estimates when using either air or soil temperatures for flux partitioning. The impact of the source of temperature data on other derived ecosystem parameters was estimated, and the strongest impact was found for the temperature sensitivity. Overall, this study suggests that the choice between soil or air temperature must be made on site-by-site basis by analysing the correlation between temperature and nighttime NEE. We recommend using an ensemble of estimates based on different temperature observations to account for the uncertainty due to the choice of temperature and to assure the robustness of the temporal patterns of the derived variables.
Investigating the past and recent δ18O-accumulation relationship seen in Greenland ice cores
Authors: Buchardt S. L. , Clausen H. B. , Vinther B. M. , Dahl-Jensen D.
Published: December 2012

Abstract. Decadal means of δ18O and accumulation rates from 52 ice core locations in Greenland are presented. The accumulation rates are derived from annual layers determined in the δ18O curve. Investigation of the δ18O-accumulation relationship across the ice divide reveals a significant Foehn effect with anticorrelation of δ18O and accumulation rate on the lee side of the divide in Southern Greenland, while no effect is seen in Central Greenland. Furthermore, the sensitivity of accumulation rate to changes in temperature is found to be smaller in Northern Greenland than in the central and southern parts. Four records in the data set contain sufficient recent data that the period of observed temperature rise from the 1990s and onwards can be investigated. All four records are from locations close to the ice divide in Northern Greenland and while three of them show increased temperatures, no conclusive statement can be made about the accumulation rate from these data.
A volcanically triggered regime shift in the subpolar North Atlantic ocean as a possible origin of the Little Ice Age
Authors: Schleussner C. F. , Feulner G.
Published: December 2012

Abstract. Among the climatological events of the last millennium, the Northern Hemisphere Medieval Climate Anomaly (MCA), succeeded by the Little Ice Age (LIA) are of exceptional importance. The origin of these regional climate anomalies remains however a subject of debate and besides external influences like solar and volcanic activity, internal dynamics of the climate system might have also played a dominant role. Here, we present transient last millennium simulations of the fully-coupled model Climber 3α forced with stochastically reconstructed wind fields. Our results indicate that short-lived volcanic eruptions might have triggered a cascade of sea-ice – ocean feedbacks in the North Atlantic, ultimately leading to a persistent regime shift in the ocean circulation. We find that an increase in the Nordic Sea sea-ice extent on decadal timescales as a consequence of major volcanic eruptions leads to a spin-up of the subpolar gyre (SPG) and a weakened Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation, eventually causing a persistent, basin-wide cooling. These results highlight the importance of regional climate feedbacks such as a regime shift in the subpolar gyre circulation for past and future climate.
Glacial fluctuations of the Indian monsoon and their relationship with North Atlantic abrupt climate change: new data and climate experiments
Authors: Marzin C. , Kallel N. , Kageyama M. , Duplessy J.-C. , Braconnot P.
Published: December 2012

Abstract. Several paleoclimate records such as Chinese loess and speleothem sequences or upwelling indicators present large variations of the Asian monsoon system during the last glaciation. Here, a unique record in the northern Andaman Sea (core MD77-176) is used to reconstruct the variations of the hydrological cycle of the Bay of Bengal. The high resolution salinity record displays large millennial scale oscillations over the period 40 000 to 11 000 yr BP that are synchronous with the Greenland ice core record of changes in polar air temperature during the last glaciations. Events of high (resp. low) salinity in the Bay of Bengal, i.e. weak (resp. strong) Indian monsoon, correspond to cold (resp. warm) events in the North Atlantic. We use the IPSL_CM4 model to study the processes that can explain the relationship between the Indian monsoon and the North Atlantic climate. A modelling experiment represents such a rapid event in the North Atlantic under glacial conditions by increasing the freshwater flux in the North Atlantic and reducing the intensity of the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation. This freshwater hosing results in a weakening of the Indian monsoon rainfall and circulation. The changes in the continental runoff and local hydrological cycle are responsible for the changes in salinity of the Bay of Bengal in the model. This is a favourable comparison with the new salinity record presented here. Additional sensitivity experiments are produced with the LMDZ atmospheric model to analyse the teleconnection mechanisms between the North Atlantic and the Indian monsoon. The changes over the tropical Atlantic are shown to be essential in triggering perturbations of the subtropical jet over Eurasia that in turn affect the intensity of the Indian monsoon.
Die geomorphologischen Karten im Atlas der Schweiz : Probleme ihrer Gestaltung
Authors: Imhof E.
Published: December 2012

Abstract. L'article se rapporte aux cartes de l'Atlas de la Suisse particulièrement intéressantes pour l'étude de problèmes géomorphologiques. Diverses façons et possibilités d'établir des cartes géomorphologiques sont examinées, puis on présente des levés se rapportant aux cartes correspondantes de l'Atlas de la Suisse et excécutés par un groupe de géographes. Des problèmes relatifs au fond et à la présentation de ces cartes sont discutés d'une façon approfondie.
Das Schweizer Gletscherinventar als ein Beitrag zum Problem der Gletscher-Klima-Beziehung
Authors: Müller F. , Caflisch T. , Müller G.
Published: December 2012

Abstract. Auf Empfehlung der UNESCO sollen während der Internationalen Hydrologischen Dekade (IHD) sämtliche Süßwasservorkommen der Welt erfaßt werden. Als Beitrag zu diesen Bemühungen wird gegenwärtig am Geographischen Institut der ETHZ ein Schweizerisches Gletscherinventar aufgestellt. Die Arbeiten am Inventar werfen einige Probleme auf, die im folgenden dargestellt werden. Das gesammelte Datenmaterial bildet Grundlage für ein Forschungsprojekt, welches weitere Erkenntnisse über die Beziehung zwischen Gletscher und Klima liefern soll.
Klassifikation von Schutthalden
Authors: Gerber E.
Published: December 2012

Abstract. Die vorliegende Klassifikation von Schutthalden ist ein Versuch, ihren Formenreichtum zu überblicken. Immer wieder werden zum Teil sich widersprechende Angaben über das Aussehen, vor allem über die Neigungsverhältnisse und die Korngrößenanordnung von Schutthalden gemacht, die wohl richtig sind, aber sich nur auf einen bestimmten Typ anwenden lassen. Es gibt nur ganz wenig Merkmale, welche allgemein für Schutthalden gültig sind. Die hier vorgelegte Klassifikation kann dazu dienen, Einzelbeobachtungen sinngemäß einer bestimmten Schutthaldenart zuzuordnen. Sie beschränkt sich auf Schutthalden des humiden Klimas, vor allem der Alpen.
Kluftmessungen im Gelände und ihre Bedeutung für die Bestimmung des tektonischen Spannungsfeldes in der Schweiz
Authors: Scheidegger Adrian E.
Published: December 2012

Abstract. An intensive program of measurements of the orientation of joints in the field in Switzerland was undertaken in the Cantons of Graubünden, St. Gallen, Schwyz, Uri, Zürich, Zug, Aargau and Berne. For every «region», comprising 2–8 outcrops, the average orientation of the joint-parallelepiped was calculated by means of an electronic Computer based on a function-minimization program. If it is assumed that the steeply-dipping Joint surfaces have been produced by the present-day triaxial stress field according to the Mohr-Anderson theory of faulting, the orientation of the latter can be calculated. Thus, the net of present-day stress trajectories for Switzerland can be drawn. It turns out that the average orientation of the greatest compression in the region investigated is N 60°W. This agrees well with in-situ stress determinations by Gysel in the Sonnenbergtunnel near Lucerne (N 76.5°W) and by Greiner in southern Germany (N 28°–50°W). Converseiy, the hypothesis that most joints visible on fresh outcrops are due to the present-day tectonic Stresses and that the latter is homogeneous over extended areas, is thereby confirmed.
Zur Entstehung des Talkessels von La Paz/Bolivien und Umgebung
Authors: Villarroel C. , Graf K.
Published: December 2012

Abstract. The town of La Paz is situated between the Bolivian Highland (Altiplano) and the Central Mountain Range. These two landscape units were mostly formed during the Tertiary. But at their intermediate bordering zone, geomorphological forms have 'later been reshaped. At the end of the Pliocene, a peneplain was formed (the Altiplano of today) and got covered by volcanic ashes. Since the fossilization of mammals (Posnanskytherium) in the late Pliocene, a tektonical uplift of about 3300 ft. has taken place, and huge moraines built up covering the whole city area of today. The enormous La Paz Valley was eroded above all during the last interglacial period. During the last ice age, the glaciers reached the present upper city border only and melted away very rapidly 9800 years ago at the latest.