bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PREVALENCE OF PULMONARY HYPERTENSION IN PATIENTS TREATED FOR PULMONARY TUBERCULOSIS IN A TERTIARY HOSPITAL
Authors: Sowmya P. , H. Santhosh Kumar P. , Velraj R.
Published: March 2023

Background: Pulmonary tuberculosis may lead to parenchymal destruction of the lung tissue, which may affect the vascular structure and cause
vasculitis and endarteritis, subsequently leading to a reduced cross-sectional area of the pulmonary vasculature and thereby pulmonary
hypertension. The World Symposium on Pulmonary Hypertension (WSPH) recommends dening PH as a mean pulmonary artery pressure
(mPAP) greater than 20 mm hg. To assess the prevalence and risk factors for pulm Aim : onary hypertension in patients treated for pulmonary
tuberculosis in a tertiary care hospital It is a Retrospective study conducted in Trichy SRM m Methods : edical college hospital and research
center from September 2021 to April 2022. 100 Patients who got treated for pulmonary tuberculosis, admitted with shortness of breath ,
investigated for pulmonary hypertension whose detailed medical history, including history of PTB, physical examination ndings, chest X-ray, 12-
lead electro-cardiogram (ECG), and 2D echo-cardiography were recorded and those reports was analyzed. In the present study around Result :
53% of the pulmonary tb patients had mild to moderate pulmonary hypertension. The Echo ndings are associated with the spirometry changes
which is statistically signicant with a p value of 0.02. Pulmonary hypertens Conclusion: ion is a signicant complication in treated pulmonary
tuberculosis patients. This study highlights the need for early detection, treatment of pulmonary hypertension in treated pulmonary tuberculosis
patients to prevent morbidity and mortality associated with pulmonary hypertension
FRACTURED TOOTH FRAGMENT REATTACHMENT: A CASE REPORT.
Authors: L. Tandil Yogesh , R. Patil Sneha , Adwani Chandani , Gawande Juili , Deshmukh Gayatri , Sahu Nikhilesh
Published: March 2023

Coronal fractures of the anterior teeth are a common form of dental trauma. Traumatic injuries of teeth involve varying degrees of damage to the
supporting soft tissues or the teeth itself. Recent developments in restorative material, placement techniques, preparation designs, and an adhesive
protocol allow clinicians to predictably restore fractured teeth. Among the various treatment options, reattachment of a crown fragment is a
conservative treatment that should be considered for crown fractures of anterior teeth. Reattachment of fractured fragment is indeed a
cost-effective conservative treatment. This case report discusses management of coronal tooth fracture case that were successfully treated using
tooth fragment reattachment using bre-reinforced post
STUDIES ON GEOMETRIC IMPROVEMENTS ON HIGHWAYS : A REVIEW
Authors: R G Sandeep , Lokesh Yateen , T R Nikhil
Published: March 2023

The dimensions and layout of a highway is governed by a geometric design. The objective of geometric design is to provide safety, driving comfort
and fuel efciency at a reasonable cost and with less impact to the environment. This paper reviews studies on the same and aim at providing muchneeded attention to efcient planning and design for infrastructure projects
SOCIO-DEMOGRAPHIC AND CLINICAL PROFILE OF PATIENTS DURING 3RD WAVE OF COVID-19 PANDEMIC ADMITTED IN TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL AHMEDABAD INDIA.
Authors: Rajput Shivangi , Singh Shalini , Panchal Ripal , Saha Debanjana
Published: March 2023

Background:The B.1.1.529 (omicron) variant of SARS-CoV-2 was rst identied in the month of December 2021, in India and was designated as
'Variant of Concern'. Methodology: This is a cross-sectional study, conducted in tertiary care hospital of Ahmedabad, for a duration of one month
(01/01/2022 to 31/01/2022). All the patients admitted during that period were considered in the study. Result: Total 427 patients were admitted.
Around 40% of patients were in the age group >60 years, and 58% were admitted from triage. Common presenting symptoms were breathlessness
and cough. Comorbid patients have longer duration of stay which was found statistically signicant. Conclusion: The study concludes that the
patients with any comorbidity and those admitted from triage have longer hospital stay. Also, patients having any comorbidity have a higher odd of
admission by triage.
MANAGING ANTI-EPILEPTIC DRUGS DURING PREGNANCY ; EVOLVING CONCEPT
Authors: Meena Ramawatar , Meena Madhu , Salvi Dhiresh
Published: March 2023

Epilepsy is one of the few neurological disorders that require a constant treatment during pregnancy.Besides epilepsy Anti-epileptic drugs (AEDs)
are also commonly used for psychiatric disorders,pain disorders,and migraines. No Anti-epileptic drugs is safe during pregnancy . Anti-epiletic
drugs exposure during pregnancy causing intra- uterine growth retardation,cognitive dysfunction,low IQ,microcephaly,major conjenital
anomalies and infant mortality. Use of anti-epileptic drugs (AEDs) in pregnant women with epilepsy requires monitorning and maintaining a
balance between limiting seizures and decreasing fetal exposure to the potential teratogenic effects. In this review we analysed the data on the
pharmacokinetics of various AEDs in pregnancy, neurological teratogenic effects and providing a basis for management of safety of AEDs during
pregnancy
LIVER INJURY IN COVID-19 INFECTION: A CROSS SECTIONAL STUDY IN TERTIARY CARE CENTRE.
Authors: Vimalakar Reddy Eppa , V Reddy M , V Gurava Reddy A , Musham Raju , Vardhan Rao Ganta Vishnu , Patil Sudesh , Prashanth Prashanth , Pavan Reddy Tudi , Reddy Raghunath , Babu Laxman
Published: March 2023

Introduction The novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) unquestionably changed the world and provided a fresh perspective on respiratory
tract illness. However, coronavirus (COVID-19) cannot be viewed as a condition restricted to pneumonia of varying severity. Numerous reports
have shown a variety of potential systemic symptoms, including liver issues. The pathogenesis of liver injury in COVID-19 individuals may
include viral immunologic injury, drug-induced liver injury, the systemic inammatory response, hypoxia hepatitis, and worsening of pre-existing
liver disease. We must distinguish between the onset of aberrant liver function, which can happen either at the time of diagnosis or while receiving
treatment. Methods: 580 patients were admitted with COVID-19 between August 2020 -December 2020 in SUNSHINE HOSPITALS,
SECUNDERABAD. A COVID-19 diagnosis was conrmed with a positive RT-PCR test.LFT was performed in all patients undergoing admission
(DPD with sample blank,IFCC AMP method) in a standard laboratory. Results:In our observation only 34%(n=580) of patients had altered LFT in
which majority are mixed type (51%), rest all were hepatocellular (39%) and cholestatic type (10%). Though mixed & hepatocellular pattern
commonly seen in men, cholestatic pattern is signicantly seen in women(p<0.05), but there was no association found between BMI (p=0.10),
other comorbidities and inammatory markers(P=0.10) in relation to altered LFT. Though 23% of the patients had altered LFT at the time of
discharge, Majority (49%) got discharge with normalized LFT,but 28% of patients had worsening LFT with majority of them are in ICU. Most of
the ICU admitted patients with altered LFT were elderly, obese with mixed type of altered LFT. 21 patients died in our series, but known of them
had isolated liver injury. In covid patients all types of LFT changes were Conclusions: observed, most of the changes were resolved at the time of
discharge. Persistent altered LFT was not a hindrance for the discharge. We could not notice isolated liver injury as causative factor for death in
covid patients
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS OF BETA THALASSEMIA TRAIT AND IRON DEFICIENCY ANAEMIA BASED ON THEIR HAEMATOLOGICAL AND BIOCHEMICAL PARAMETERS IN CHILDREN
Authors: Gupta Gargi , Sahu Shilpi
Published: March 2023

The term anaemia is used when the quantity of red blood cells or the concentration of haemoglobin in the red blood cells is lower than the normal
limit. It is a severe global public health issue that disproportionately affects children under the age of ve and pregnant women.Signs of anaemia
may now be conrmed by measuring haemoglobin concentration in combination with other haematological and biochemical indicators to conrm
iron deciency. To differentiate between thalassemia trait and iron de Aim: ciency anaemia haematologically. Along with different
haematological indices and compare biochemical parameters for the same. Materials And Methods:A prospective study on 350 children aged 1 to
12 years who came with symptoms of anaemia were examined using several haematological and biochemical parameters, which were then veried
by HPLC for differential diagnosis of BTT and IDA. We studied children less tha Results: n 12 years of age and among them majority were under
the age of ve years, with 229 out of 350 children falling into this category. We observed that majority were males 182 (52%), while 168 (48%)
subjects were females with M:F ratio of 1.08:1. The mean haemoglobin level in IDA was considerably lower than Thalassemia Trait and aberrant
Hb variations. The mean RDW level was lower in BTT as compared to IDA. On HPLC, 10% of patients had HbA2 haemoglobin variation,
indicating BTT, four children had the HbS variant, conrming sickle cell disease, one had HbF. 95%, and 310 had normal HPLC results,
conrming IDA. Serum iron, serum ferritin was lower in IDA as compared to BTT whereas TIBC was higher in IDA as compared to BTT.
Conclusion: The current study revealed that haematological measures with various indices are benecial in distinguishing between BTT and IDA,
as well as their efcacy and association with biochemical markers. The study also revealed that HPLC is still the gold standard for BTT
conrmation.
MORPHOMETRIC ANALYSIS OF ATLAS AND IT'S CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: AN ANATOMICAL STUDY OF INDIAN HUMAN ATLAS VERTEBRA.
Authors: Raina Heena , Magotra Rachna , Kour Jatinder
Published: March 2023

The atlas and axis are unique in their morphology and also have a complex vertebral artery relationship.The atlas consists of a neurovascular groove
for the vertebral artery located behind each lateral mass at the posterior arch of the atlas. Superiorly the vertebral groove is arched by the posterior
atlanto-occipitalmembrane, leaving an opening for the upwards passage of the vertebral artery and the outwards passage of the rst cervical spinal
nerve. This prospective observational study was conducted in the Department of Anatomy, Government Medical College, Jammu, a total of 40 dry
adult atlas vertebrae were measured with the aim to study the morphology of Indian human atlas vertebra and it's clinical signicance. The
mean±SD and range of various parameters of atlas were recorded. It was observed that there was no signicant difference between right and left
sides which shows bilateral symmetry. The study concluded that various parameters of atlas are helpful for the different neurosurgeries mainly in
the surgical procedures of traumatic neck condition to prevent further injuries to vertebral artery and spinal cord
TO STUDY THE BURDEN OF MALES PRESENTING WITH LOWER URINARY TRACT SYMPTOMS(LUTS), ULTRASONOGRAPHIC CORRELATION OF PROSTATE AND UROFLOWMETRY, INTERNATIONAL PROSTATE SYMPTOM SCORE(IPSS) SCORING IN ALL PATIENTS PRESENTING TO TERTIARY CARE CENTER, HAPUR.
Authors: Singh Pooja , Goel Saurabh , Jain Shaleen
Published: March 2023

Introduction: Men with lower urinary tract symptoms based on International Prostatic Symptoms Scale, suggestive of BPH. Trans-abdominal
sonogram,gives the prostate volume.Further evaluation with uroowmetry for PVR urine gives an idea about severity of LUTS.So the purpose of
this study was to assess the size of the prostate gland in patients with lower urinary tract symptoms and to compare it with uroometry along with
IPSS scoring. This study may be useful to the surgeons in terms of prevalence of prostate enlargement in each decade after 40 years. To study Aim:
the correlation of ultrasonographic prostate size with uroowmetry and International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS) in all male patients
presenting with Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms(LUTS). 80 patients presented with Materials And Methods: LUTS (Lower urinary tract
symptoms), after clinical history and examination, patients underwent ultrasonography for prostate size. Uroowmetric parameters were recorded.
IPSS score of all patient were recorded. IPSS scoring in maximum patients w Results: ere >20 in 90% of patients. In transabdominal USG, out of 80
patients,77 patients prostate volume was more than 35 gms. The patients had a T avg of <10sec, 72% of the patients had value between 10-15sec.
28% of the patients had value >15sec
HYPOGLYCEMIA IN EXCLUSIVELY BREASTFED LOW BIRTH WEIGHT NEONATES
Authors: Pravinbhai Patel Krina , Bharatbhai Maru Hetveeben , H. Patel Ami
Published: March 2023

Background and Aim: Hypoglycemia is an important problem encountered in Low Birth Weight (LBW) neonates. Incidence and risk factors
associated with hypoglycemia in low birth weight neonates on exclusive breast milk were studied. Material and Methods: A Prospective
observational study was done between Jan-June 2022. Low birth weight neonates (≥1.8 kg <2.5 kg) who were fed exclusively with breast milk were
screened for hypoglycemia by measuring capillary blood glucose by glucometer strips at 1 , 2 , 6 , 12 , 24 , 48 and 72 hours of age. Results: 180 Low
Birth Weight neonates were included in the study, of which 41 developed hypoglycemia with incidence of 22.7%. Majority of them (85.3%) were
asymptomatic . 70.7 % of hypoglycemia episodes occurred in rst 24 hours of life. 58.5% neonates with hypoglycemia had only one episode while
31.7% and 9.8% had 2 and 3 or more episodes of hypoglycemia respectively. Incidence was more in Pre term (PT) (27.3%) compared to Full
Term(FT) neonates (16.2%). Also Small for Gestational Age (SGA) neonates were more prone to hypoglycemia compared to Appropriate for
Gestational Age (AGA) neonates (48.2 % against 18.4%) Incidence in PT SGA, FT SGA and PT AGA neonates was 27.9%,20.3 & 18.4%
respectively. Incidence was also more in neonates born to primigravida mothers and those delivered by cesarean section. Conclusion: Low birth
weight Neonates especially late preterms and SGAneonates on exclusive breast milk should be monitored for hypoglycemia in rst 72 hours of life.
Early initiation of breast feeding should be ensured to prevent hypoglycemia in them.
A STUDY OF ANKLE BRACHIAL INDEX(ABI) IN PATIENTS WITH SYSTEMIC HYPERTENSION
Authors: S. Thaslim Sulaikal A. , Srinivas Naik Ravi , MD Abdul Razak S.
Published: March 2023

Background: Patients with systemic hypertension frequently have peripheral arterial disease without any symptoms. An easy way to nd
peripheral artery disease without any symptoms is by using the ankle brachial index. Peripheral arterial disease is indicated by an ABI of 0.9.
Peripheral artery disease predicts a signicant cardiovascular risk and is a sign of atherosclerosis.Aim:To study the effect of systemic hypertension
on ankle brachial index and to assess the effect of age, sex, body mass index and duration of hypertension on ankle brachial index. Methods:After
excluding the patients with exclusion criteria 198 hypertensive patients who visited the department of medicine, Fathima medical college hospital
were studied. Patient details were recorded as per the proforma which included age, sex, BMI, duration of hypertension, ankle brachial index. Data
was maintained in master chart and analysed. Results: In this investigation, the prevalence of asymptomatic PAD was 47%. In this study, the ABI
was 0.9 in 46.8% of the males. In this study, 47.8% of the women had ABIs below 0.9. Age and ABI exhibited an inverse relationship. The length of
hypertension and ABI had a negative relationship. Pulse pressure and ABI had an inverse relationship. ABI and BMI had an antagonistic
relationship.
PAPILLARY CARCINOMA IN A THYROGLOSSAL DUCT CYST: CASE REPORT
Authors: Chaitanya J Anantha , H Sahana
Published: March 2023

A remnant of Thyroglossal duct, usually a cyst, is the most common congenital abnormality of the thyroid gland development. Malignant neoplasm
in Thyroglossal duct cyst (TGDC) is a very rare tumor (<1% of all thyroid malignancies). We present a case of 34 year old female patient with
papillary carcinoma of TGDC who was managed with Sistrunk procedure.
CORRELATIVE STUDY OF FIBRINOGEN LEVEL,BMI AND LIPID PROFILE IN TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS WITH HYPERTENSION
Authors: Anjum Ayesha , Raghavaram N
Published: March 2023

Background: Diabetic hypertensives are at greater risk for cardiovascular morbidity & mortality than general population. Though certain risk
factors like age, BMI, hypertension, smoking, dyslipidemia, etc have been studied extensively, but still these together cannot explain increased
cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in diabetes. There are several studies showing that brinogen is a powerful independent risk factor for
cardiovascular disease. This study was done to estimate brinogen levels in diabetics and to study its relation to BMI and lipid parameters.Aim Of
The Study: To estimate plasma brinogen levels in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and hypertension. To correlate plasma brinogen with
BMI and lipid prole parameters. Materials And Methods: This study was a case control study done in 70 patients between November 2020 –
October 2021 at Alluri Sitarama Raju Academy of Medical Sciences, Eluru ,Andhra Pradesh. For all the subjects anthropometric parameters of
obesity were measured as per WHO recommendations. All patients were subjected to investigations fasting serum lipid prole, venous plasma
glucose and plasma brinogen levels. All the results were tabulated and comparison of various parameters were performed by t test. Correlation
between two variables was done by pearson's correlation coefcient. Results: In diabetic hypertensives higher brinogen levels were found
(449.06±131.26). There was a signicantly positive correlation between plasma brinogen and BMI(P<0.05). There was a signicantly positive
correlation between BMI and total cholesterol levels.(p<0.05) Conclusion: Diabetic hypertensives have higher brinogen levels, which was
related to BMI and total cholesterol levels in a statistically signicant manner
SOCIALANXIETY AND SOCIAL-MEDIAADDICTION IN MEDICAL UNDERGRADUATES: A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY.
Authors: Sai Samhita A. , Riyaz Mahboob SK , Prasanna Kumar N.
Published: March 2023

Background: Social anxiety is experience of irrational fear in various social situations. People with social anxiety tend to avoid from a particular
situation as they fear being judged. Social media addiction refers to excessive urge in using various social media platforms and unable to withhold
their use which has a negative effect on an individual's life. AIM: This study aims at assessing the social anxiety symptoms and to correlate between
social anxiety and social media addiction among medical undergraduates. Methodology: This is a cross-sectional study with sample population
consisting of medical undergraduates of a tertiary care hospital. Tools used in this study are a semi structured questionnaire for socio demographic
details, Leibowitz Social Anxiety Scale (LSAS) and Social Media Addiction Scale-Student Form (SMAS-SF). Results: 100 medical
undergraduates were included in this study. The sample consists of 63% males and 37% females with mean age of 19.85 years. Mean LSAS score is
45.03 (21.501) and mean SMAS-SF is 72.56 (16.754). Pearson's correlation (0.312) between LSAS scores and SMAS-SF scores is statistically
signicant. Conclusion: This study shows a positively signicant correlation between symptoms of social anxiety and social media addiction
among the medical undergraduates
ENDOSCOPIC EXTRACTION OF IMPACTED FOREIGN BODY FROM THE DUODENUM
Authors: Issa Ali
Published: March 2023

Foreign body ingestion (FBI) may elevate risk of cholangitis, liver abscess, peritonitis, pancreatitis and cholecystitis or even lead to perforations
and obstructions. Despite, being a common clinical entity, there is paucity of literature on FBI cases from the UAE. We present here an interesting
case of a 26-year-old female presenting with complaints of upper abdominal pain and nausea post-accidental, after swallowing a 13 cm piece of a
broken toothbrush. Endoscopic examination revealed object being stuck in the duodenum with both ends inserted between the duodenal bulb and
D2 part of duodenal mucosa in a vertical position which seemed xed. The object was successfully extracted by holding it from its proximal end
and aligned to facilitate its extraction by passage through the pylorus, gastroesophageal junction, and the pharynx. The case highlights importance
of quick approach in treatment of FBI and adds to real-world evidence base for treatment of this complex case
HAEMORRHOIDECTOMY : ULTRASONIC SCALPEL VERSUS DIATHERMY CAUTERY
Authors: Chandana Priyanka P. , Kapu Harika , Gajula Bhanusagar , Rahul Done
Published: March 2023

INTRODUCTION Haemorrhoids are the most common anorectal disease seen in age group between 45-50 years. Milligan Morgan
haemorrhoidectomy is the gold standard operative procedure for grade 3 and grade 4 haemorrhoids.In the last decade high frequency sound wave
energy ultrasonic scalpel is used to cut and coagulate tissues in Milligan-Morgan haemorrhoidectomy. OBJECTIVE Our aim is to do a
comparative study between the outcomes of a Milligan Morgan haemorrhoidectomy by using ultrasonic scalpel versus diathermy cautery.
MATERIALS AND METHODS This is a prospective comparative randomized study done over a period of 6months (April 2022-September
2022) at GGH Vijayawada. 60 patients of age group 45-65 years. They were randomly divided into 2 groups of 30 each.
Group A – Underwent haemorrhoidectomy with diathermy cautery
Group B- Underwent haemorrhoidectomy with harmonic scalpel.
RESULTS Patients who underwent harmonic scalpel haemorrhoidectomy have statistically signicant P value in post operative pain , post op
urinary retention and anal stenosis. CONCLUSION Harmonic scalpel is better than diathermy in having relatively less post operative pain and
early resumption of daily activities and less occurrence of urinary retention and anal stenosis
CORRELATION BETWEEN MICROALBUMINURIA AND CORRECTED QT INTERVAL PROLONGATION IN PATIENTS WITH DIABETES MELLITUS
Authors: Dixit C Manasa , K Prabhakar , A Anitha
Published: March 2023

Background and Objectives: Diabetic cardiac autonomic neuropathy is a severe and common complication of diabetes. QTc prolongation is a
predictor of Cardiac Autonomic Neuropathy (CAN), and microalbuminuria is a predictor of nephropathy. The main aim of the present study is to nd the
association between prolonged QTc interval and microalbuminuria in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus(T2DM). Methods: Sixty patients of type 2 diabetics,
attending RLJH hospital in Kolar, were included in the study. We divided these patients into two groups, each with thirty patients. One group consists of
patients with microalbuminuria and the other with normoalbuminuria. All these patients were tested for microalbuminuria and looked for QTc interval
prolongation in ECG. A chi-square test was used to analyze t h e two sample proportions. Most of the p Results: atients were in the 50 to 70 years of age
group. There is a signicant associa n between QTc prolongation with microalbuminuria, as evidenced by (66.6%, P-Value <0.0001). The male-tofemale ratio is 3.8:1, and as the duration of diabetes increases, there is an increase in the incidence of QTc interval prolongation andmicroalbuminuria.
There was also a signicant association with retinopathy and neuropathy with cardiac autonomic neuropathy(CAN). Interpretation and Conclusion:
There was a signicant association between CAN(QTc prolongation) and microalbuminuria. Microalbuminuria per se doesn't cause QTc prolongation,
and the reason for this is not clearly understood. QTc prolongation is one of the independent cause of mortality seen in microalbuminuria patients, which
is preventable. Hence the aim is to prevent and reduce the mortality in T2DM patients
A RAY OF HOPE: KNOWLEDGE, ATTITUDE AND PRACTICE OF ANTIMICROBIAL USE AMONG MEDICAL STUDENTS
Authors: S Gowri. , B Saravanan. , Timna. S Arockia , @ Lakshmi .S Poongodi
Published: March 2023

Introduction: Antimicrobial resistance is a global concern. Sound knowledge and proper use of antimicrobials, among medical students are
crucial to combat it. Hence this study was undertaken to reect the understanding of medical students on antimicrobial use. Methods: This cross
sectional study was carried out among 100 second MBBS students. Results: The mean scores in knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP) were
89.42%, 91.12% and 90.39% respectively. Totally 29 out of 100 participants scored 100% in antimicrobial use part. Ninety four students scored
more than 11 out of 15 (73.33%). There were no signicant differences noted (p > 0.05) between KAP status, the participants' gender, age and
parents' education. Conclusion: Satisfactory knowledge score (≥60%) of present study respondents is 99%. All of the respondents are aware of
proper anti microbial use owing to their curriculum
ROAD SAFETY AND ROAD SAFETY AUDIT OF RURAL ROADS IN INDIA: A REVIEW
Authors: V Pampapathi , T R Nikhil , Lokesh Yateen
Published: March 2023

India is a large country, and highways play a signicant role in the country's development India is compounding and road trafc wounds (RTI) have
been expanding in recent years. A Road Safety Audit (RSA) is a formal technique for evaluating wellbeing execution examination of a current or
future road or crossing point by an autonomous review group. Road wellbeing reviews can be utilized as a part of any period of venture
advancement from arranging and preparatory building, conguration, and development. RSAs can likewise be utilized on any estimated venture
from minor rustic roads to between state National Highways. RSAs can be seen as a proactive minimal effort way to deal with enhance wellbeing.
The purpose of this study is to uncover aws, improve design characteristics, and improve road credibility. All these aspects were considered in a
critical review, which depicted the scenario of accidents occurring on various Indian roadways, as well as their causes and solutions
A STUDY OF THE EFFICACY AND SAFETY OF CLONIDINE AS AN ADJUNCT TO BUPIVACAINE FOR CAUDAL ANALGESIA IN CHILDREN
Authors: Anil Kumar Kongala , Mounika Kalivemula , Upendranath I
Published: March 2023

Aim to assess the efcacy of 1μ|kg of Clonidine as a caudal adjunct to bupivacaine for postoperative pain relief in paediatric patients. To assess the
safety of Clonidine, as a caudal adjunct to bupivacaine to increase the duration of analgesia. This prospective randomised study was conducted on
40 paediatric patients. 20 in each group of ASA-I,II were posted for lower abdominal surgeries. After induction of anaesthesia the patients were
positioned in left lateral position with hips and knees exed. With 22G hypodermic needle caudal epidural block given at sacral hiatus after
conrming negative aspiration. Group B received 0.25% bupivacaine alone. Another group BC received 0.25% bupivacaine with Clonidine
1microgram/kg
SIMPLE BONE CYST OF MEDIAL END CLAVICLE: A RARE OCCURRENCE
Authors: Bahadur Gurung Yam , Chaudhary Pashupati , Mishra Dipendra
Published: March 2023

Clavicle is a rare site for tumour and tumour-like conditions. We present a case of simple bone cyst (SBC) of medial end of clavicle in a 10 years
male child. The patient presented with a painless bony swelling in the medial end of right clavicle for 1 year. History, clinical examination and
imaging studies suggested a benign bony lesion. Pre-operative diagnosis of SBC was made and patient underwent extended curettage with
hydrogen peroxide and bone grafting. Histological report conrmed the diagnosis of SBC and the patient is symptom free till last follow up. With
all these characteristics and literature reviewed, we thought that this case needs to be reported. In this part of world (Nepal) patients commonly
present late to the hospital
A STUDY OF SLEEP QUALITY IN ADOLESCENTS: THE IMPACT OF OVER USE OF MOBILE CELL PHONE IN URBAN SETTING: A CROSS SECTIONAL STUDY
Authors: Unni Vinayak , Prasanna Kumar N.
Published: March 2023

Background: The increase in the number of mobile phone users has increased worldwide . Excessive use of the mobile phone among
adolescents often led to later poor sleep quality , which is important for the development for the psychophysiological capabilities. The study
assessed the relationship between mobile phone addiction and sleep quality among adolescents Aim: To study the prevalence of mobile phone
addiction and sleep quality. To know the role of socio-demographic factors on mobile phone Objective of the study: over use and sleep quality
among adolescents. A cross sectional study using convenient sampling method, wit Methodology: Study design: h a study sample consisting of
110 adolescents recruited from under graduate students and people who residing in area of Andhra medical college .Bivariable and multivariable
logistic regression analyses were used for the study (1) Semi structured Performa Study tools: for sociodemographic data,(2) Pittsburgh Sleep
Quality Index (PSQI), (3) Mobile Phone Addiction Scale (MAPS) – 37 items. High M Results: obile Phone Addiction Scale (MAPS)were
associated with a high prevalence of sleep disturbance in both boys and girls . These ndings persisted after controlling for other factors in the
multiple regression model. Adolescents with mobile phone addiction were more prone Conclusion: to suffer from poor sleep quality. It is
recommended that aware the adolescents on adverse effects of excessive use including poor sleep quality. These ndings are implications for
adolescents, parents, authorities and researchers
EFFECTIVENESS OF COMMUNITY BASED COMPREHENSIVE LIFESTYLE PROMOTION PACKAGE ON CARDIO-VASCULAR RISK AMONG ADULT WITH HYPERTENSION
Authors: P Tamilselvi , V Jayaraman
Published: March 2023

To assess the effectiveness of community based comprehensive lifestyle promotion package on Cardio-Vascular risk among adult with
hypertension. Methodology: Quantitative approach, true experimental design was adopted in the study. 200 samples in experimental and 198
samples in control group who fullled the inclusion criteria were selected using simple random sampling technique. Cardio-vascular risk was
assessed by using Med India cardio-vascular risk assessment tool. Results: The chi-square analysis showed that there was no statistically
signicant difference between the experimental and control group in the pre test. In post test 3 there was statistically signicant difference in the
cardio vascular risk score between experimental and control group. In post test 3 cardio vascular risk reduction score was 2.37 among experimental
group whereas in the control group risk reduction score was 5.01. Student independent t-test (t=10.87 at p=0.001) showed that there was a
signicant difference between the experimental and control group in the post test 3. Results also revealed that there was a statistically signicant
difference between pretest and post test 3 (F=44.36, p=0.001 level) only in the experimental group alone. Conclusion:The results revealed that the
community based comprehensive lifestyle promotion package was effective in reducing the cardio-vascular risk score and thus preventing the
cardiovascular diseases hence can be utilized as a step in prevention of cardiovascular risk among adult with hypertension.
EFFECTS OF NYCTANTHES ARBOR-TRITIS (HARSINGAR) PLANT EXTRACTS ON PROMASTIGOTE FORM OF LEISHMANIA DONOVANI IN IN-VITRO CONDITION
Authors: Kumari Ray Sushma , Lav Kush Tarun Kumar , Kumar Birendra , Ali Sarfaraz , Rani Santwana
Published: March 2023

Leishmaniasis is a group of disease caused by the members of kinetoplast protozoa of the genus leishmania comprising a group of unicellular
organisms which are intracellular parasites in macrophage and other phagocytic cells of the reticuloendothelial system. Visceral leishmaniasis
(VL) or Kala-azar a vector-borne parasitic disease caused by protozoan parasite (Chang, KP.; et.al, 1985). In India the traditional methods of
treatment are based on the principles of ayurveda and naturopathy. Considering the aforesaid facts this project has been selected to search the plants
for the treatment of Kala-azar. The plant products or plant extracts will certainly be cheaper than the allopathic drugs. Therefore, aim is to search a
plant which is locally available and if not available, it can be purchased from the local market to provide cheaper and without side effect treatment to
Kala-azar (Mishra P. 2008; W.H.O. Tropical diseases 2008. Effects of Nyctanthes arbor-tritis plant extracts on promastigote form of Leishmania
donovani in in-vitro condition. Phytochemical screening of the plant extract showed the presence of alkaloid, avonoid, xed oil and fats, saponin,
tannin and phenolic compounds. The selected plant obtained from Gaya, Bihar region & their ethanolic extracts will be prepared in the laboratory
by Soxhlet apparatus in Ethanol solvent to use during experiment. The effects of plant extracts on the parasite will be studied by providing variable
doses to the parasite. The plant extracts at varied concentration will be added into media containing the parasite in the ratio between extract & media
determined during experimentation in the laboratory. After incubation at different time intervals of 24, 48 and 72 hours the effect of extracts on the
parasite will be studied. The sample of parasite (promastigote of L. donovani) used for experiment (in-vitro) will be routinely culture in laboratory
at 25± 2° with in different culture media after collecting parasites (sample) from the blood and bone marrow of patients of Kala-azar in the hospitals
or research institutes. The plant extracts exhibit that with the increasing duration of time the efcacy of the plant extracts also increases signicantly
in NA taken into the consideration
FIBRIN GLUE VERSUS AUTOLOGOUS BLOOD FOR FIXATION OF CONJUNCTIVALAUTOGRAFT IN PTERYGIUM SURGERY
Authors: Garg Nihar , Kulkarni Varsha , Agrawal Sanjiv , Khandgave Tejaswini , Lohokare Kalyani , Deshmukh Priyanka
Published: March 2023

Purpose: To compare mean surgical time and graft outcomes following pterygium excision and conjunctival autograft xation using patient's in
situ autologous blood or standard brin glue-assisted conjunctival autograft adhesion. Methods: Outcomes of 44 eyes which underwent
pterygium excision and conjunctival autograft with autologous blood (group I) were compared with 41 eyes that underwent brin glue-assisted
conjunctival autograft (group II). Average time required for surgery and graft behaviour was noted in subsequent follow ups over 3 months. Results
were compared between both groups. Results: The two groups were similar regarding age and gender. Mean surgical time required for group II
was signicantly higher than that of group I (23.00 ± 1.71 min, group I; 26.37 ± 3.73 min, group II; P-value<0.001). Graft behaviour was analysed
by noting incidence of graft edema, graft retraction, subconjunctival haemorrhage and recurrence at the end of 3 months. Incidence of graft edema
at day 1, day 3 and day 7 did not differ signicantly between two study groups (P-value>0.05). Postoperatively, subconjunctival haemorrhage was
seen in 54.5% and 53.7% cases in group I and group II respectively. At the end of day 21, none of the cases from either groups had any signicant
graft edema or subconjunctival haemorrhage. Incidence of graft retraction at day 1 and day 3 was signicantly higher in Group I as compared to
Group II (P-value<0.05 for all). However, none of the cases required any intervention for the same. No cases of graft loss or graft granuloma
formation were noted in either groups in all the follow-ups. Recurrence rates of 2 cases (4.5%) and 3 cases (7.3%) were seen in group I and group II
respectively at the end of 3 months. Conclusion: The technique employing the use of autologous blood for conjunctival autograft xation in
pterygium surgery has provided safe and comparable results to brin glue. In terms of recurrence also, autologous blood is not inferior to brin glue
in pterygium surgery. Autologous blood can be an excellent replacement for brin glue
A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY OF IMPACT OF INTERNET USE ON AGGRESSION AMONG ADOLESCENTS
Authors: G S Harshitha , Kumar N Prasanna
Published: March 2023

Background:The recent years have seen a major upsurge in Problematic Internet Use. This rise is because of easy access to internet more so among
adolescents. Problematic internet use can lead to diverse effects in individuals. Aggression is one of the psychiatric co-morbidity seen in
Problematic Internet users. Aims: We aimed to determine the relationship between Problematic internet use and aggression among adolescents.
Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study using convenience sampling. A total of 200 high school and intermediate college students
completed the structured questionnaire. The severity of Problematic Internet Use was assessed using Young's Internet Addiction Test (IAT) and
aggression was measured using IIPAggression Scale. Results: Among 200 participants, 91(45.5%) were male and 109(54.5%) were female with
mean age of 16.37±1.45 years. Mean duration of Internet use was 3.6±1.82 years. 45%, 17% and 2% subjects had mild, moderate and severe
dependence respectively based on IAT scores. Pearson correlation showed a signicant positive correlation between Problematic Internet Use and
aggression (r: 0.61, p value < 0.001). Chi square revealed statistically signicant association between duration of internet use and aggression
scores. Conclusion: Problematic Internet Use is strongly associated with aggression among adolescents. Awareness regarding Problematic
Internet Use by educating the adolescents would prevent forthcoming negative consequences.
COMPARISION OF CORD BLOOD LIPID PROFILES BETWEEN IDM AND NON IDM NEONATES
Authors: Reddy B S Paneendra , R Kartik , E Adarsh
Published: March 2023

Background: Gestational diabetes mellitus ( GDM ) is one of the serious causes for feto maternal morbidity and long term complications in both
mother and child. Due to better screening modalities, early detection and better treatment option like insulin have helped to lower the complications
in Infants born to diabetic mothers ( IDM ). As atherosclerotic diseases in adulthood have become rampant, early detection of high risk groups is
necessary. Based on Barker's hypothesis, atherosclerosis in adulthood have predisposing factors starting from in-utero. So this study was taken up
to compare the cord blood lipid prole levels in IDM babies and infants born to normal mothers. Methods: This prospective (case-control) study
was carried out on 60 infants born in Rajarajeswari Medical College and Hospital, from July 2022 to December 2022. The study group consisted of
30 IDM babies, and the control group of 30 infants who were born to healthy mothers. Results: The results of this study demonstrated that there are
signicant differences between IDM and infants of healthy mothers regarding lipid prole, maternal age and birth weight. Conclusion: This study
conrms that cord serum lipid prole (serum cholesterol, serum triglycerides and low-density lipoprotein) is higher at birth in IDM. Moreover, this
study shows a signicant association between lipid prole and body weight and maternal age.
BYPASS PLANNING AND UPGRADATION PROPOSED TO THE SELECTED ROUTE - A REVIEW
Authors: Menon Shwetha , Lokesh Yateen , T R Nikhil
Published: March 2023

Urban trafc congestion is one of the major problems of the developing countries. Growing volumes of through trafc are often attributed to trafc
ow challenges. Bypass roads or alternative routes are studied to reduce congestion in the city center. Bypass diverts through trafc away from
town centers leaving local streets to local trafc. This study aims to check the viability of the stretch to serve as an alternate route in terms of
projected divertible trafc and also the methodology to propose and estimate the improvement required to the geometrics, pavement, cross
drainage structures and existing junctions
ANTHROPOMETRIC MEASUREMENTS OF HAND LENGTH AND BREADTH FOR ESTIMATION OF STATURE.
Authors: Kour Jatinder , Jabeen Nusrat , Raina Heena
Published: March 2023

Introduction: The estimation of stature is having a great clinical signicance along with other characteristics (age, gender, race, etc.). The
estimation of individual's stature helps in forensic examination and in medico legal cases because it is the main priority to determine the biological
prole of suspect. It also helps in assessment of body's growth and nutritional level. The present study aimed to estimate the Aims And Objectives:
length and breadth of adult hands and determine the clinical signicance in estimation of body stature. Methodology:This observational study was
conducted in the Department of Anatomy, Government Medical College, Jammu. A total of 200 adults were studied with the help of digital vernier
calliper and stadiometer. The mean age of the study subjects were 21.38±3.29 ye Results: ars and the majority of the participants were females
(52.5%). The female:male ratio was 1.1:1.The mean estimated stature / height of male and female subjects were 173.89±8.74 cm and
162.54±9.56cm respectively and mean actual stature / height of male and female subjects were 173.01±8.2 cm and 162.31±9.5cm respectively.It
wasobserved that there was no statistical difference between mean values of estimated and actual length. It was concluded that the Conclusion:
measurement of hand length and breadth is an appropriate measure of estimating the height of an individual as there is no signicant difference in
estimated and actual stature
MICROBIAL ASSESSMENT OF SEALED FEMININE HYGIENE PRODUCT (SANITARY NAPKINS) PROCURED FROM INDIAN MARKET WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO HUMAN AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH
Authors: Tendulkar Mamata , Ambedekar Sushma , Niroli Roopa
Published: March 2023

Menstruation is a biological process in which females shed blood every month. Various menstrual absorbents are used by females to absorb the
blood and sanitary napkins are widely used among the various menstrual absorbents available in the market. These menstrual absorbents should
produce and packed in hygienic conditions. It should be free from pathogenic microbes especially from S. aureus. The sterility testing of sanitary
napkins are import as they are directly come in contact with vagina. In this paper microbial assessment of 27 napkins were performed as per BIS
5405:2019 to check its hygienic conditions. All the 27 napkins were purchased from retails shops and some from the online platforms and found to
be packed in safe and hygienic conditions
THE AURIGA PROTOCOL FOR THE UPPER JAW
Authors: Dal Carlo Luca , Shulman Mike , E. Pasqualini Marco , Rossi Franco , Dal Carlo Zeno , Moglioni Enrico
Published: March 2023

Doctor Luca Dal Carlo, Venice, Italy, introduced the Auriga protocol. Auriga protocol is suggested for rehabilitating partially edentulous,
potentially fully edentulous, and fully edentulous patients with immediate interim and nal xed prostheses. After the patient's evaluation and
treatment plan are completed, stage one: implants are placed bilaterally into the maxillary tuberosities. After implants are integrated, usually 4-6-
month, the stage two, the remaining teeth on the maxillae are removed and immediately replaced with dental implants. All implants are rigidly
connected (welded) with a chairside fabricated titanium bar. Prefabricated interim prosthesis adopted and attached to the formed rigid structure.
Auriga protocol offers different methods to attach an interim and a nal prosthesis. During a period of over 20 years (1998-2019) 223 implants have
been inserted into 47 maxillary arches, providing 18 full-arch and 29 unilateral x prostheses. Just 3 implants were lost: no one of the 47
rehabilitations was compromised
ANTIMICROBIAL ACTION OF PUNICA GRANATUM (POMEGRANATE) AND PASSIFLORA EDULIS (PASSION FRUIT) AGAINST ORGANISMS ISOLATED FROM INTESTINAL INFECTIONS –AN IN VITRO STUDY
Authors: Marianne Savina Joseph Sarah , Antony Beena
Published: March 2023

Background and objectives: The overuse and misuse of antibiotics coupled with the intrinsic and acquired resistance of bacteria resulted in the
emergence of multi-drug resistant strains. Pomegranate and Passion fruit are two fruits which have been documented to have signicant
antimicrobial activity against harmful organisms which colonize the gut. The present study evaluates the antimicrobial activity of Punica granatum
and Passiora edulis against organisms isolated from intestinal infections and compares the antimicrobial efcacy of the ethanolic and aqueous
extracts of fruit rind of Punica granatum and leaves of Passiora edulis. Fruit ri Methods: nd of Punica granatum and the fresh leaves of Passiora
edulis plants were dried, ground into powder and made into extracts. A total of 100 gastrointestinal pathogens were isolated and included in the
study. The antibacterial efcacy of the aqueous and alcoholic extracts against 100 human faecal isolates was tested by employing Kirby Bauer disc
diffusion technique. Sensitivity to the ethanolic and aqueous extracts of Punica Results: granatum were found to be maximum in Staphylococcus
aureus. MRSA was sensitive to these extracts. Aqueous extract of Punica granatum were effective against a large number of organisms, however,
better antimicrobial action was seen with the ethanolic extract of Punica granatum. No encouraging results were obtained with the extracts of
Passiora edulis. Our study shows that puried forms of Pomegranate (Punica granat Interpretation and conclusions: um) can be used as an
adjunct in the treatment, in conjunction with antibiotics against intestinal pathogens and can open new areas of research.
A CASE SERIES OF XANTHOGRANULOMATOUS PYELONEPHRITIS WITH UNUSUAL CLINICOPATHOLOGICAL SPECTRUM
Authors: K. N Vallalkani. , Rajeshwar Rajeshwar , P Jayaganesh. , Sulochana Sonti , V Sudha.
Published: March 2023

Xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis is a rare entity which constitutes 0.6% to 1% of all pyelonephritis cases and 1 % of all kidney infections. It is
an unusual condition of the kidney resulting in parenchymal destruction and chronic inammatory reaction. It closely resembles malignancy and
differentiating it is extremely signicant in therapeutic and prognostic aspects. Here we report three cases of xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis
due to its rarity, diagnostic dilemma and unusual clinical presentation