bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Fit for self-employment? An extended Person–Environment Fit approach to understand the work–life interface of self-employed workers
Authors: de Jager Ward , Kelliher Clare , Peters Pascale , Blomme Rob , Sakamoto Yuka
Published: October 2016

The recent growth in self-employment has sparked scholarly interest in why individuals choose and remain in self-employment. Yet, relatively little is known about how self-employed workers enact their daily lives and what this means for their work–life interface. Self-employment is often presented as a means to enhance life choice and as enabling work and nonwork activities to be combined more satisfactorily. However, extant evidence on how self-employment is experienced is mixed, with some studies reporting long and irregular working hours and high levels of stress. Furthermore, the way in which self-employment is experienced may be influenced by national context – economic, institutional and cultural factors. In this paper, we develop a multi-level model which extends existing work on the Person–Environment Fit by incorporating factors relevant to self-employment. The model assists us to understand how contextual factors create both opportunities and tensions which impact the work–life interface of self-employed workers.
IMPROVEMENT AND EPISTEMOLOGIES OF LANDSCAPE IN SEVENTEENTH-CENTURY ENGLISH FOREST ENCLOSURE
Authors: ROBSON ELLY
Published: October 2016

This article challenges readings of seventeenth-century English ‘improvement’ that are confined to a literate, elite sphere and thereby take printed claims of ‘economic betterment’ at face value, bestowing brief mention on ‘losers’ as a regrettable, but necessary, consequence of progress. Through examining Charles I's ‘disafforestation’ of the western royal forests of Gillingham, in Dorset, and Braydon, in Wiltshire, this article contends that improvement was not simply a triumphal narrative of material advancement articulated in print, but rather was forged in active conflicts situated within the landscape. Disafforestation was one of the Stuart crown's first major forays into enclosure and ‘improvement’, facilitated by surveyors applying newly geometric techniques to inscribe exclusive ownership so that each might ‘know and have their own’. Resulting riots reveal the contestation of empirical perspectives, improving ideals, and exclusive boundaries by commoners defending customary ways of seeing and using the forest commons rooted in collective memory, practice, and the landscape itself. Via the framing concept of ‘epistemologies’, improvement is examined as a spatial process in which different ways of knowing and using the landscape became pivotal to the production, contestation, and reconfiguration of social relations mapped across royal forests.
Investigating the potential impact of trophy hunting of wild ungulates on snow leopardPanthera unciaconservation in Tajikistan
Authors: Kachel Shannon M. , McCarthy Kyle P. , McCarthy Thomas M. , Oshurmamadov Nuzar
Published: October 2016

Declining availability of prey is potentially a major factor limiting snow leopardPanthera unciapopulations in Tajikistan and neighbouring states. Conservation initiatives to develop community-based trophy hunting programmes for ibexCapra sibiricaand argaliOvis ammon poliiaim to provide financial incentives for communities to limit poaching of wild ungulates. Such programmes could help to reverse local declines in ibex and argali populations, and consequently snow leopard populations, while simultaneously improving the economic status of local people. However, in practice the desired effect may not materialize. To investigate the premise, we estimated the population density of the snow leopard, using a spatial capture–recapture model based on camera trapping in two study areas (each c. 1,000 km2) in the Tajik Pamirs: a well-managed trophy hunting concession and an otherwise similar area where grazing and poaching are unmanaged. We used distance-truncated counts to assess relative densities of wild and domestic ungulates between sites, and faecal analyses to compare the dietary habits of snow leopards. Our data were limited in scope but suggested that the density of snow leopards and the relative density of wild and domestic ungulates may have been greater in the hunting concession, where wild ungulates accounted for a greater proportion of prey items. Our results provide preliminary evidence that trophy hunting of ungulates may be a viable tool for achieving snow leopard conservation goals; however, we conclude that further investigation is necessary to adequately address the question.
An ontological approach to engineering requirement representation and analysis
Authors: Mukhopadhyay Alolika , Ameri Farhad
Published: October 2016

Requirement planning is one of the most critical tasks in the product development process. Despite its significant impact on the outcomes of the design process, engineering requirement planning is often conducted in an ad hoc manner without much structure. In particular, the requirement planning phase suffers from a lack of quantifiable measures for evaluating the quality of the generated requirements and also a lack of structure and formality in representing engineering requirements. The main objective of this research is to develop a formal Web Ontology Language ontology for standard representation of engineering requirements. The proposed ontology uses explicit semantics that makes the ontology amenable to automated reasoning. To demonstrate how the proposed ontology can support requirement analysis and evaluation in engineering design, three possible services enabled by the ontology are introduced in this paper. These services are information content measurement, specificity and completeness analysis, and requirement classification. The proposed ontology and its associated algorithms and tools are validated experimentally in this work.
Safety-informed design: Using subgraph analysis to elicit hazardous emergent failure behavior in complex systems
Authors: McIntire Matthew G. , Hoyle Christopher , Tumer Irem Y. , Jensen David C.
Published: October 2016

Identifying failure paths and potentially hazardous scenarios resulting from component faults and interactions is a challenge in the early design process. The inherent complexity present in large engineered systems leads to nonobvious emergent behavior, which may result in unforeseen hazards. Current hazard analysis techniques focus on single hazards (fault trees), single faults (event trees), or lists of known hazards in the domain (hazard identification). Early in the design of a complex system, engineers may represent their system as a functional model. A function failure reasoning tool can then exhaustively simulate qualitative failure scenarios. Some scenarios can be identified as hazardous by hazard rules specified by the engineer, but the goal is to identify scenarios representing unknown hazards. The incidences of specific subgraphs in graph representations of known hazardous scenarios are used to train a classifier to distinguish hazard from nonhazard. The algorithm identifies the scenario most likely to be hazardous, and presents it to the engineer. After viewing the scenario and judging its safety, the engineer may have insight to produce additional hazard rules. The collaborative process of strategic presentation of scenarios by the computer and human judgment will identify previously unknown hazards. The feasibility of this methodology has been tested on a relatively simple functional model of an electrical power system with positive results. Related work applying function failure reasoning to a team of robotic rovers will provide data from a more complex system.
Variation and change in the nominal pitch-accent system of South Kyungsang Korean
Authors: Lee Hyunjung , Jongman Allard , Zhang Jie
Published: October 2016

This paper considers whether the phonology of the lexical pitch accent of Kyungsang Korean is being maintained by younger innovative speakers. We examine the pitch-accent patterns of nouns with various suffixes by comparing the speech of innovative Kyungsang speakers to that of older conservative speakers. It will be shown that while innovative speakers maintain the underlying distinction in the lexical pitch accent found with conservative speakers, the acoustic difference across the contrastive accent classes is substantially weaker in the speech of innovative speakers, for both noun stems and suffixes. Observation of individual differences in the phonetic realisation of the pitch accent and comparison with tonal patterns of Seoul Korean provide an insight into this sound change, offering evidence for how and why the acoustic distinction has weakened. This study thus documents a process of diachronic change in the prosody of Kyungsang Korean.
Neuropsychological Profile of Lifetime Traumatic Brain Injury in Older Veterans
Authors: Kaup Allison R. , Peltz Carrie , Kenney Kimbra , Kramer Joel H. , Diaz-Arrastia Ramon , Yaffe Kristine
Published: October 2016

Objectives:The aim of this study was to characterize the neuropsychological profile of lifetime traumatic brain injury (TBI) in older Veterans.Methods:Participants were 169 older Veterans [mean age=79.1 years (range, 51–97 years), 89% male, 92% Caucasian], 88 with lifetime TBI and 81 without TBI, living in Veterans’ retirement homes in independent residence. TBI history was ascertained with the Ohio State TBI Identification Method structured interview. Cognition was assessed with neuropsychological tests: Raw scores were converted toZ-scores compared to age-corrected normative data and combined into five domain compositeZ-scores (attention/working memory, learning/memory, language, processing speed, executive functioning). We investigated the association between TBI and performance in each cognitive domain in linear mixed effects models, with and without adjustment for demographics, medical comorbidities, and psychiatric variables.Results:Compared to those without TBI, older Veterans with TBI had greater deficits in processing speed (estimate=−.52;p=.01;f2=.08 in fully adjusted model) and executive functioning (estimate=−.41;p=.02;f2=.06 in fully adjusted model) but performed similarly in the attention/working memory, learning/memory, and language domains (allp>.05). TBI-associated deficits were most prominent among individuals with multiple mild TBIs and those with any moderate-to-severe TBI, but were not clearly present among those with single mild TBI.Conclusions:The neuropsychological profile of lifetime TBI in older Veterans is characterized by slowed processing speed and executive dysfunction, especially among those with greater injury burden. This pattern may reflect long-standing deficits or a TBI-associated cognitive decline process distinct from Alzheimer’s disease. (JINS, 2017,23, 56–64)
Is the Law an Ass When It Comes to Mules? How Indonesia Can Lead a New Global Approach to Treating Drug Traffickers as Human Trafficked Victims
Authors: GERRY QC Felicity , HARRÉ Thomas , NAIBAHO Nathalina , MURASZKIEWICZ Julia , BOISTER Neil
Published: October 2016

Indonesia has enacted laws which provide mandatory protection for victims of human trafficking. It also has mandatory drug laws which, in some cases, lead to the death penalty. This legislative conflict together with investigative and prosecutorial failure risks the execution of human trafficked victims who are used as drug mules in organized crime. In countries where there is no statutory defence to criminal conduct, there is a need to approach criminal conduct in a way that protects victims. This includes mechanisms to ensure non-prosecution and non-punishment. The recent reprieve for Mary Jane Veloso, albeit temporary at the time of writing, is an opportunity for Indonesia to lead a new global approach to victim protection.
Divergent effects of central melanocortin signalling on fat and sucrose preference in humans
Authors: van der Klaauw Agatha A. , Keogh Julia M. , Henning Elana , Stephenson Cheryl , Kelway Sarah , Trowse Victoria M. , Subramanian Naresh , O’Rahilly Stephen , Fletcher Paul C. , Farooqi I. Sadaf
Published: October 2016

Melanocortin-4-receptor (MC4R)-expressing neurons modulate food intake and preference in rodents but their role in human food preference is unknown. Here we show that compared with lean and weight-matched controls, MC4R deficient individuals exhibited a markedly increased preference for high fat, but a significantly reduced preference for high sucrose food. These effects mirror those in Mc4r null rodents and provide evidence for a central molecular circuit influencing human macronutrient preference.
Up-regulation of miR-95-3p in hepatocellular carcinoma promotes tumorigenesis by targeting p21 expression
Authors: Ye Jian , Yao Yufeng , Song Qixue , Li Sisi , Hu Zhenkun , Yu Yubing , Hu Changqing , Da Xingwen , Li Hui , Chen Qiuyun , Wang Qing K.
Published: October 2016

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common malignant cancers. To elucidate new regulatory mechanisms for heptocarcinogenesis, we investigated the regulation of p21, a cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) inhibitor encoded by CDKN1A, in HCC. The expression level of p21 is decreased with the progression of HCC. Luciferase assays with a luciferase-p21-3′ UTR reporter and its serial deletions identified a 15-bp repressor element at the 3′-UTR of CDKN1A, which contains a binding site for miR-95-3p. Mutation of the binding site eliminated the regulatory effect of miR-95-3p on p21 expression. Posttranscriptional regulation of p21 expression by miR-95-3p is mainly on the protein level (suppression of translation). Overexpression of miR-95-3p in two different HCC cell lines, HepG2 and SMMC7721, significantly promoted cell proliferation, cell cycle progression and cell migration, whereas a miR-95-3p specific inhibitor decreased cell proliferation, cell cycle progression and cell migration. The effects of miR-95-3p on cellular functions were rescued by overexpression of p21. Overexpression of miR-95-3p promoted cell proliferation and tumor growth in HCC xenograft mouse models. Expression of miR-95-3p was significantly higher in HCC samples than in adjacent non-cancerous samples. These results demonstrate that miR-95-3p is a potential new marker for HCC and regulates hepatocarcinogenesis by directly targeting CDKN1A/p21 expression.
Biodiversity of bacteriophages: morphological and biological properties of a large group of phages isolated from urban sewage
Authors: Jurczak-Kurek Agata , Gąsior Tomasz , Nejman-Faleńczyk Bożena , Bloch Sylwia , Dydecka Aleksandra , Topka Gracja , Necel Agnieszka , Jakubowska-Deredas Magdalena , Narajczyk Magdalena , Richert Malwina , Mieszkowska Agata , Wróbel Borys , Węgrzyn Grzegorz , Węgrzyn Alicja
Published: October 2016

A large scale analysis presented in this article focuses on biological and physiological variety of bacteriophages. A collection of 83 bacteriophages, isolated from urban sewage and able to propagate in cells of different bacterial hosts, has been obtained (60 infecting Escherichia coli, 10 infecting Pseudomonas aeruginosa, 4 infecting Salmonella enterica, 3 infecting Staphylococcus sciuri, and 6 infecting Enterococcus faecalis). High biological diversity of the collection is indicated by its characteristics, both morphological (electron microscopic analyses) and biological (host range, plaque size and morphology, growth at various temperatures, thermal inactivation, sensitivity to low and high pH, sensitivity to osmotic stress, survivability upon treatment with organic solvents and detergents), and further supported by hierarchical cluster analysis. By the end of the research no larger collection of phages from a single environmental source investigated by these means had been found. The finding was confirmed by whole genome analysis of 7 selected bacteriophages. Moreover, particular bacteriophages revealed unusual biological features, like the ability to form plaques at low temperature (4 °C), resist high temperature (62 °C or 95 °C) or survive in the presence of an organic solvents (ethanol, acetone, DMSO, chloroform) or detergent (SDS, CTAB, sarkosyl) making them potentially interesting in the context of biotechnological applications.
Quantifying yield behaviour in metals by X-ray nanotomography
Authors: Mostafavi M. , Bradley R. , Armstrong D. E. J. , Marrow T. J.
Published: October 2016

Nanoindentation of engineering materials is commonly used to study, at small length scales, the continuum mechanical properties of elastic modulus and yield strength. However, it is difficult to measure strain hardening via nanoindentation. Strain hardening, which describes the increase in strength with plastic deformation, affects fracture toughness and ductility, and is an important engineering material property. The problem is that the load-displacement data of a single nanoindentation do not provide a unique solution for the material’s plastic properties, which can be described by its stress-strain behaviour. Three-dimensional mapping of the displacement field beneath the indentation provides additional information that can overcome this difficulty. We have applied digital volume correlation of X-ray nano-tomographs of a nanoindentation to measure the sub-surface displacement field and so obtain the plastic properties of a nano-structured oxide dispersion strengthened steel. This steel has potential applications in advanced nuclear energy systems, and this novel method could characterise samples where proton irradiation of the surface simulates the effects of fast neutron damage, since facilities do not yet exist that can replicate this damage in bulk materials.
The polarization modulation and fabrication method of two dimensional silica photonic crystals based on UV nanoimprint lithography and hot imprint
Authors: Guo Shuai , Niu Chunhui , Liang Liang , Chai Ke , Jia Yaqing , Zhao Fangyin , Li Ya , Zou Bingsuo , Liu Ruibin
Published: October 2016

Based on a silica sol-gel technique, highly-structurally ordered silica photonic structures were fabricated by UV lithography and hot manual nanoimprint efforts, which makes large-scale fabrication of silica photonic crystals easy and results in low-cost. These photonic structures show perfect periodicity, smooth and flat surfaces and consistent aspect ratios, which are checked by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). In addition, glass substrates with imprinted photonic nanostructures show good diffraction performance in both transmission and reflection mode. Furthermore, the reflection efficiency can be enhanced by 5 nm Au nanoparticle coating, which does not affect the original imprint structure. Also the refractive index and dielectric constant of the imprinted silica is close to that of the dielectric layer in nanodevices. In addition, the polarization characteristics of the reflected light can be modulated by stripe nanostructures through changing the incident light angle. The experimental findings match with theoretical results, making silica photonic nanostructures functional integration layers in many optical or optoelectronic devices, such as LED and microlasers to enhance the optical performance and modulate polarization properties in an economical and large-scale way.
Tunable sound transmission at an impedance-mismatched fluidic interface assisted by a composite waveguide
Authors: Zhang Hui , Wei Zhi , Fan Li , Qu Jianmin , Zhang Shu-yi
Published: October 2016

We report a composite waveguide fabricated by attaching a coupling aperture to a waveguide. The acoustic impedance of the composite waveguide can be regulated by merely controlling its coupling vibrations, depending on its structure size. By changing the size to adjust the acoustic impedance of the composite waveguide at an impedance-mismatched fluidic interface, tunable sound transmission at the desired frequencies is achieved. The reported composite waveguide provides a new method for sound regulation at a mismatched fluidic interface and has extensive frequency hopping and frequency agility applications in air-water sound communication.
Sleep duration, daytime napping, markers of obstructive sleep apnea and stroke in a population of southern China
Authors: Wen Ye , Pi Fu-Hua , Guo Pi , Dong Wen-Ya , Xie Yu-Qing , Wang Xiang-Yu , Xia Fang-Fang , Pang Shao-Jie , Wu Yan-Chun , Wang Yuan-Yuan , Zhang Qing-Ying
Published: October 2016

Sleep habits are associated with stroke in western populations, but this relation has been rarely investigated in China. Moreover, the differences among stroke subtypes remain unclear. This study aimed to explore the associations of total stroke, including ischemic and hemorrhagic type, with sleep habits of a population in southern China. We performed a case-control study in patients admitted to the hospital with first stroke and community control subjects. A total of 333 patients (n = 223, 67.0%, with ischemic stroke; n = 110, 23.0%, with hemorrhagic stroke) and 547 controls were enrolled in the study. Participants completed a structured questionnaire to identify sleep habits and other stroke risk factors. Least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (Lasso) and multiple logistic regression were performed to identify risk factors of disease. Incidence of stroke, and its subtypes, was significantly associated with snorting/gasping, snoring, sleep duration, and daytime napping. Snorting/gasping was identified as an important risk factor in the Lasso logistic regression model (Lasso’ β = 0.84), and the result was proven to be robust. This study showed the association between stroke and sleep habits in the southern Chinese population and might help in better detecting important sleep-related factors for stroke risk.
Upregulation of ANGPTL6 in mouse keratinocytes enhances susceptibility to psoriasis
Authors: Tanigawa Hiroki , Miyata Keishi , Tian Zhe , Aoi Jun , Kadomatsu Tsuyoshi , Fukushima Satoshi , Ogata Aki , Takeda Naoki , Zhao Jiabin , Zhu Shunshun , Terada Kazutoyo , Endo Motoyoshi , Morinaga Jun , Sugizaki Taichi , Sato Michio , Morioka Masaki Suimye , Manabe Ichiro , Mashimo Youichi , Hata Akira , Taketomi Yoshitaka , Yamamoto Kei , Murakami Makoto , Araki Kimi , Jinnin Masatoshi , Ihn Hironobu , Oike Yuichi
Published: October 2016

Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory skin disease marked by aberrant tissue repair. Mutant mice modeling psoriasis skin characteristics have provided useful information relevant to molecular mechanisms and could serve to evaluate therapeutic strategies. Here, we found that epidermal ANGPTL6 expression was markedly induced during tissue repair in mice. Analysis of mice overexpressing ANGPTL6 in keratinocytes (K14-Angptl6 Tg mice) revealed that epidermal ANGPTL6 activity promotes aberrant epidermal barrier function due to hyperproliferation of prematurely differentiated keratinocytes. Moreover, skin tissues of K14-Angptl6 Tg mice showed aberrantly activated skin tissue inflammation seen in psoriasis. Levels of the proteins S100A9, recently proposed as therapeutic targets for psoriasis, also increased in skin tissue of K14-Angptl6 Tg mice, but psoriasis-like inflammatory phenotypes in those mice were not rescued by S100A9 deletion. This finding suggests that decreasing S100A9 levels may not ameliorate all cases of psoriasis and that diverse mechanisms underlie the condition. Finally, we observed enhanced levels of epidermal ANGPTL6 in tissue specimens from some psoriasis patients. We conclude that the K14-Angptl6 Tg mouse is useful to investigate psoriasis pathogenesis and for preclinical testing of new therapeutics. Our study also suggests that ANGPTL6 activation in keratinocytes enhances psoriasis susceptibility.
Metabolomics reveals the mechanisms for the cardiotoxicity of Pinelliae Rhizoma and the toxicity-reducing effect of processing
Authors: Su Tao , Tan Yong , Tsui Man-Shan , Yi Hua , Fu Xiu-Qiong , Li Ting , Chan Chi Leung , Guo Hui , Li Ya-Xi , Zhu Pei-Li , Tse Anfernee Kai Wing , Cao Hui , Lu Ai-Ping , Yu Zhi-Ling
Published: October 2016

Pinelliae Rhizoma (PR) is a commonly used Chinese medicinal herb, but it has been frequently reported about its toxicity. According to the traditional Chinese medicine theory, processing can reduce the toxicity of the herbs. Here, we aim to determine if processing reduces the toxicity of raw PR, and to explore the underlying mechanisms of raw PR-induced toxicities and the toxicity-reducing effect of processing. Biochemical and histopathological approaches were used to evaluate the toxicities of raw and processed PR. Rat serum metabolites were analyzed by LC-TOF-MS. Ingenuity pathway analysis of the metabolomics data highlighted the biological pathways and network functions involved in raw PR-induced toxicities and the toxicity-reducing effect of processing, which were verified by molecular approaches. Results showed that raw PR caused cardiotoxicity, and processing reduced the toxicity. Inhibition of mTOR signaling and activation of the TGF-β pathway contributed to raw PR-induced cardiotoxicity, and free radical scavenging might be responsible for the toxicity-reducing effect of processing. Our data shed new light on the mechanisms of raw PR-induced cardiotoxicity and the toxicity-reducing effect of processing. This study provides scientific justifications for the traditional processing theory of PR, and should help in optimizing the processing protocol and clinical combinational application of PR.
Printed 2 V-operating organic inverter arrays employing a small-molecule/polymer blend
Authors: Shiwaku Rei , Takeda Yasunori , Fukuda Takashi , Fukuda Kenjiro , Matsui Hiroyuki , Kumaki Daisuke , Tokito Shizuo
Published: October 2016

Printed organic thin-film transistors (OTFTs) are well suited for low-cost electronic applications, such as radio frequency identification (RFID) tags and sensors. Achieving both high carrier mobility and uniform electrical characteristics in printed OTFT devices is essential in these applications. Here, we report on printed high-performance OTFTs and circuits using silver nanoparticle inks for the source/drain electrodes and a blend of dithieno[2,3-d;2′,3′-d′]benzo[1,2-b;4,5-b′]dithiophene (DTBDT-C6) and polystyrene for the organic semiconducting layer. A high saturation region mobility of 1.0 cm2 V−1 s−1at low operation voltage of −5 V was obtained for relatively short channel lengths of 9 μm. All fifteen of the printed pseudo-CMOS inverter circuits were formed on a common substrate and operated at low operation voltage of 2 V with the total variation in threshold voltage of 0.35 V. Consequently, the printed OTFT devices can be used in more complex integrated circuit applications requiring low manufacturing cost over large areas.
Brain-derived neurotrophic factor protects against tau-related neurodegeneration of Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Jiao S-S , Shen L-L , Zhu C , Bu X-L , Liu Y-H , Liu C-H , Yao X-Q , Zhang L-L , Zhou H-D , Walker D G , Tan J , Götz J , Zhou X-F , Wang Y-J
Published: October 2016

Reduced expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) has a crucial role in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease (AD), which is characterized with the formation of neuritic plaques consisting of amyloid-beta (Aβ) and neurofibrillary tangles composed of hyperphosphorylated tau protein. A growing body of evidence indicates a potential protective effect of BDNF against Aβ-induced neurotoxicity in AD mouse models. However, the direct therapeutic effect of BDNF supplement on tauopathy in AD remains to be established. Here, we found that the BDNF level was reduced in the serum and brain of AD patients and P301L transgenic mice (a mouse model of tauopathy). Intralateral ventricle injection of adeno-associated virus carrying the gene encoding human BDNF (AAV-BDNF) achieved stable expression of BDNF gene and restored the BDNF level in the brains of P301L mice. Restoration of the BDNF level attenuated behavioral deficits, prevented neuron loss, alleviated synaptic degeneration and reduced neuronal abnormality, but did not affect tau hyperphosphorylation level in the brains of P301L mice. Long-term expression of AAV-BDNF in the brain was well tolerated by the mice. These findings suggest that the gene delivery of BDNF is a promising treatment for tau-related neurodegeneration for AD and other neurodegenerative disorders with tauopathy.
System Design Considerations for Thermoelectric Energy Recovery
Authors: Stobart Richard , Yang Zhijia , Lan Song
Published: October 2016

The case for the application of thermoelectric methods to waste heat recovery (WHR) is firmly based on the quantity and value of energy that can be reasonably recovered. The evaluation is application specific, but can begin with a thermodynamic analysis of the potential of the energy sources to support WHR. From this initial work, closed-form solutions for the power output from a thermoelectric generator (TEG) can be used to predict approximately the power output of the device under different operating conditions. As a design for the TEG proceeds, and options are considered, a progressively more detailed modelling process can support the integration choices. As a first step, models based on the physical parameters and empirical correlations for the heat exchange processes give a reliable basis for design choices. Numerical models supported by experimental validation provide the next level of refinement. The result of modelling methods and their experimental validation is the formulation of design guidelines and a developing understanding of the relationship between different types of design. The plate-fin heat exchange is the benchmark architecture. Other architectures may be compared with this standard to establish their feasibility. Initial work with TEG designs of a polygonal cross-section show that an octagonal cross-section can form the basis for a family of designs that are comparable in performance with the plate-fin standard and offer other functionality alongside the important WHR functions. Early work in the investigation of heat exchange architectures suggest an initial and simple design guide but one that will be elaborated as experience in the application of TEGs grows and develops.
Real-time femtomolar detection of cancer biomarkers from photoconjugated antibody–phage constructs
Authors: Brasino M. , Cha J. N.
Published: October 2016

Here we describe novel covalent conjugates of antibody–phage for the detection of multiple cancer biomarkers using real time immuno-polymerase chain reaction (immuno-PCR).
Fluorescent glycoprobes: a sweet addition for improved sensing
Authors: He Xiao-Peng , Zang Yi , James Tony D. , Li Jia , Chen Guo-Rong , Xie Juan
Published: October 2016

We highlight recent progress from our labs for the development of fluorescent glycoprobes for sensing ions/lectins and targeted detection of intracellular species, including the construction of their 2D material composites for targeted fluorescence imaging and theranostics.
Pd-Supported on N-doped carbon: improved heterogeneous catalyst for base-free alkoxycarbonylation of aryl iodides
Authors: Ziccarelli Ida , Neumann Helfried , Kreyenschulte Carsten , Gabriele Bartolo , Beller Matthias
Published: October 2016

Novel Pd-based heterogeneous catalysts were prepared through immobilization of Pd(OAc)2/phenanthroline on carbon and subsequent pyrolysis.
Interaction of osmium(ii) redox probes with DNA: insights from theory
Authors: Sharma Ashwani , Delile Sebastien , Jabri Mohamed , Adamo Carlo , Fave Claire , Marchal Damien , Perrier Aurélie
Published: October 2016

We propose a complete computational protocol based on classical molecular dynamics and QM/QM′ calculations in order to evaluate the affinity between Os(ii) complexes with double-stranded DNA.
A critical assessment of the mechanisms governing the formation of aqueous biphasic systems composed of protic ionic liquids and polyethylene glycol
Authors: Cláudio Ana Filipa M. , Pereira Jorge F. B. , McCrary Parker D. , Freire Mara G. , Coutinho João A. P. , Rogers Robin D.
Published: October 2016

Molecular-level mechanisms ruling the phase separation of polymer–ionic-liquid-based aqueous biphasic systems.
Structurally well-characterized new multinuclear Cu(ii) and Zn(ii) clusters: X-ray crystallography, theoretical studies, and applications in catalysis
Authors: Ansari Istikhar A. , Sama Farasha , Raizada Mukul , Shahid M. , Ahmad Musheer , Siddiqi Zafar A.
Published: October 2016

Cu3 and Zn2 clusters with aminotriethanolate and benzoate bridging are characterized as new catalysts for hydrocarboxylation of alkanes and cycloalkanes.
Copper(ii) and iron(iii) complexes with arylhydrazone of ethyl 2-cyanoacetate or formazan ligands as catalysts for oxidation of alcohols
Authors: Martins Nuno M. R. , Mahmudov Kamran T. , Guedes da Silva M. Fátima C. , Martins Luísa M. D. R. S. , Pombeiro Armando J. L.
Published: October 2016

Cooperative coordination and ionic interactions assisted E/Z isomerization of arylhydrazone ligands lead to a variety of CuII complexes, which effectively catalyse the homogeneous oxidation of alcohols to carbonyl compounds.
Chiral 1,2-dithiine as a sulfur rich electron acceptor
Authors: Le Gal Yann , Ameline Dorine , Vacher Antoine , Roisnel Thierry , Dorcet Vincent , Lorcy Dominique
Published: October 2016

Both enantiomers of a 1,2-dithiine containing two 1-phenylethyl groups of the same chirality were selectively synthesized and electrochemically and spectro-electrochemically characterized.
A simple, modular synthesis of C4-substituted tryptophan derivatives
Authors: Bartoccini F. , Bartolucci S. , Mari M. , Piersanti G.
Published: October 2016

A straightforward, rapid, versatile, regio- and chemoselective approach for the synthesis of C4-substituted tryptophan derivatives is reported.
Cross-linked porous α-Fe2O3nanorods as high performance anode materials for lithium ion batteries
Authors: Zhu Yuxuan , Wang Qinghong , Zhao Xinsheng , Yuan Boyu
Published: October 2016

Novel cross-linked porous α-Fe2O3nanorods are synthesizedviaa hydrothermal-calcination method. They display outstanding lithium storage performance.
The facile preparation of a carbon coated Bi2O3nanoparticle/nitrogen-doped reduced graphene oxide hybrid as a high-performance anode material for lithium-ion batteries
Authors: Fang Wei , Zhang Naiqing , Fan Lishuang , Sun Kening
Published: October 2016

A hybrid of carbon coated Bi2O3nanoparticles distributed on nitrogen-doped reduced graphene oxide is prepared by facile thermal treatment processes.
A long-life lithium–sulphur battery by integrating zinc–organic framework based separator
Authors: Bai Songyan , Zhu Kai , Wu Shichao , Wang Yarong , Yi Jin , Ishida Masayoshi , Zhou Haoshen
Published: October 2016

Lithium–sulphur batteries have attracted increasing interest due to their high theoretical specific capacity, advantageous economy, and environmental friendliness.
The influence of an inner electric field on the performance of three types of Zn-porphyrin sensitizers in dye sensitized solar cells: a theoretical study
Authors: Xie Miao , Bai Fu-Quan , Zhang Hong-Xing , Zheng Yue-Qing
Published: October 2016

It is well-known that the inner electric field formed between the counter electrode and the semiconductor surface has a substantial effect on the efficiencies of dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs).
SiGe/h-BN heterostructure with inspired electronic and optical properties: a first-principles study
Authors: Chen Xianping , Sun Xiang , Yang D. G. , Meng Ruishen , Tan Chunjian , Yang Qun , Liang Qiuhua , Jiang Junke
Published: October 2016

The structure along with the electronic and optical properties of a SiGe/BN monolayer heterostructure were theoretically researched using density functional theory calculations.
Predictive control of multi‐pump stations with variable‐speed drives
Authors: Vodovozov Valery , Raud Zoja
Published: October 2016

The growing energy market and increasing energy costs require new solutions in pumping technology aiming to rise the energy efficiency. In the study, a novel centrifugal pump predictive control organisation is proposed. Unlike the traditional speed‐oriented pump regulation, an efficiency‐oriented approach is realised where the specific power loss in the motor drives are taken into account alongside the general pump and pipeline losses. The offered management strategy and algorithm are based on the prediction of optimal operating points using combined tabulated and analytical performance characteristics of a pumping station. Applying the efficiency distribution diagram, the control map has been designed intended for running the optimal number of pumps at the appropriate speeds. As a result, the system performance within one of the best efficiency regions is maintained now at all the requested head and pressure inputs and pipeline condition instabilities.
Role of substrate quality on the performance of semipolar (112¯2) InGaN light-emitting diodes
Authors: Dinh Duc V. , Corbett Brian , Parbrook Peter J. , Koslow Ingrid. L. , Rychetsky Monir , Guttmann Martin , Wernicke Tim , Kneissl Michael , Mounir Christian , Schwarz Ulrich , Glaab Johannes , Netzel Carsten , Brunner Frank , Weyers Markus
Published: October 2016

We compare the optical properties and device performance of unpackaged InGaN/GaN multiple-quantum-well light-emitting diodes (LEDs) emitting at ∼430 nm grown simultaneously on a high-cost small-size bulk semipolar (112¯2) GaN substrate (Bulk-GaN) and a low-cost large-size (112¯2) GaN template created on patterned (101¯2) r-plane sapphire substrate (PSS-GaN). The Bulk-GaN substrate has the threading dislocation density (TDD) of ∼105 cm−2–106 cm−2 and basal-plane stacking fault (BSF) density of 0 cm−1, while the PSS-GaN substrate has the TDD of ∼2 × 108 cm−2 and BSF density of ∼1 × 103 cm−1. Despite an enhanced light extraction efficiency, the LED grown on PSS-GaN has two-times lower internal quantum efficiency than the LED grown on Bulk-GaN as determined by photoluminescence measurements. The LED grown on PSS-GaN substrate also has about two-times lower output power compared to the LED grown on Bulk-GaN substrate. This lower output power was attributed to the higher TDD and BSF density.
Optically assisted trapping with high-permittivity dielectric rings: Towards optical aerosol filtration
Authors: Alaee Rasoul , Kadic Muamer , Rockstuhl Carsten , Passian Ali
Published: October 2016

Controlling the transport, trapping, and filtering of nanoparticles is important for many applications. By virtue of their weak response to gravity and their thermal motion, various physical mechanisms can be exploited for such operations on nanoparticles. However, the manipulation based on optical forces is potentially most appealing since it constitutes a highly deterministic approach. Plasmonic nanostructures have been suggested for this purpose, but they possess the disadvantages of locally generating heat and trapping the nanoparticles directly on the surface. Here, we propose the use of dielectric rings made of high permittivity materials for trapping nanoparticles. Thanks to their ability to strongly localize the field in space, nanoparticles can be trapped without contact. We use a semi-analytical method to study the ability of these rings to trap nanoparticles. The results are supported by full-wave simulations. Application of the trapping concept to nanoparticle filtration is suggested.
Direct measurement of defect and dopant abruptness at high electron mobility ZnO homojunctions
Authors: Foster G. M. , Faber G. , Yao Y.-F. , Yang C. C. , Heller E. R. , Look D. C. , Brillson L. J.
Published: October 2016

Due to a strong Fermi-level mismatch, about 10% of the electrons in a 5-nm-thick highly Ga-doped ZnO (GZO) layer grown by molecular beam epitaxy at 250 °C on an undoped ZnO buffer layer transfer to the ZnO (Debye leakage), causing the measured Hall-effect mobility (μH) of the GZO/ZnO combination to remarkably increase from 34 cm2/V s, in thick GZO, to 64 cm2/V s. From previous characterization of the GZO, it is known that ND = [Ga] = 1.04 × 1021 and NA = [VZn] = 1.03 × 1020 cm−3, where ND, NA, and [VZn] are the donor, acceptor, and Zn-vacancy concentrations, respectively. In the ZnO, ND = 3.04 × 1019 and NA = 8.10 × 1018 cm−3. Assuming the interface is abrupt, theory predicts μH = 61 cm2/V s, with no adjustable parameters. The assumption of abruptness in [Ga] and [VZn] profiles is confirmed directly with a differential form of depth-resolved cathodoluminescence spectroscopy coupled with X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. An anneal in Ar at 500 °C for 10 min somewhat broadens the profiles but causes no appreciable degradation in μH and other electrical properties.
Stability of viscosity stratified flows down an incline: Role of miscibility and wall slip
Authors: Ghosh Sukhendu , Usha R.
Published: October 2016

The effects of wall velocity slip on the linear stability of a gravity-driven miscible two-fluid flow down an incline are examined. The fluids have the matched density but different viscosity. A smooth viscosity stratification is achieved due to the presence of a thin mixed layer between the fluids. The results show that the presence of slip exhibits a promise for stabilizing the miscible flow system by raising the critical Reynolds number at the onset and decreasing the bandwidth of unstable wave numbers beyond the threshold of the dominant instability. This is different from its role in the case of a single fluid down a slippery substrate where slip destabilizes the flow system at the onset. Though the stability properties are analogous to the same flow system down a rigid substrate, slip is shown to delay the surface mode instability for any viscosity contrast. It has a damping/promoting effect on the overlap modes (which exist due to the overlap of critical layer of dominant disturbance with the mixed layer) when the mixed layer is away/close from/to the slippery inclined wall. The trend of slip effect is influenced by the location of the mixed layer, the location of more viscous fluid, and the mass diffusivity of the two fluids. The stabilizing characteristics of slip can be favourably used to suppress the non-linear breakdown which may happen due to the coexistence of the unstable modes in a flow over a substrate with no slip. The results of the present study suggest that it is desirable to design a slippery surface with appropriate slip sensitivity in order to meet a particular need for a specific application.
Relationship between pore size and reversible and irreversible immobilization of ionic liquid electrolytes in porous carbon under applied electric potential
Authors: Mahurin Shannon M. , Mamontov Eugene , Thompson Matthew W. , Zhang Pengfei , Turner C. Heath , Cummings Peter T. , Dai Sheng
Published: October 2016

Transport of electrolytes in nanoporous carbon-based electrodes largely defines the function and performance of energy storage devices. Using molecular dynamics simulation and quasielastic neutron scattering, we investigate the microscopic dynamics of a prototypical ionic liquid electrolyte, [emim][Tf2N], under applied electric potential in carbon materials with 6.7 nm and 1.5 nm pores. The simulations demonstrate the formation of dense layers of counter-ions near the charged surfaces, which is reversible when the polarity is reversed. In the experiment, the ions immobilized near the surface manifest themselves in the elastic scattering signal. The experimentally observed ion immobilization near the wall is fully reversible as a function of the applied electric potential in the 6.7 nm, but not in the 1.5 nm nanopores. In the latter case, remarkably, the first application of the electric potential leads to apparently irreversible immobilization of cations or anions, depending on the polarity, near the carbon pore walls. This unexpectedly demonstrates that in carbon electrode materials with the small pores, which are optimal for energy storage applications, the polarity of the electrical potential applied for the first time after the introduction of an ionic liquid electrolyte may define the decoration of the small pore walls with ions for prolonged periods of time and possibly for the lifetime of the electrode.
Current induced domain wall motion in antiferromagnetically coupled (Co70Fe30/Pd) multilayer nanowires
Authors: Meng Zhaoliang , He Shikun , Huang Lisen , Qiu Jinjun , Zhou Tiejun , Panagopoulos Christos , Han Guchang , Teo Kie-Leong
Published: October 2016

We investigate the current induced domain wall (DW) motion in the ultrathin CoFe/Pd multilayer based synthetically antiferromagnetic (SAF) structure nanowires by anomalous Hall effect measurement. The threshold current density (Jth) for the DW displacement decreases and the DW velocity (v) increases accordingly with the exchange coupling Jex between the top and bottom ferromagnetic CoFe/Pd multilayers. The lowest Jth = 9.3 × 1010 A/m2 and a maximum v = 150 m/s with J = 1.5 × 1012 A/m2 are achieved due to the exchange coupling torque (ECT) generated in the SAF structure. The strength of ECT is dependent on both of Jex and the strong spin-orbit torque mainly generated by Ta layer.
Field emission from single-walled carbon nanotubes modified by annealing and CuCl doping
Authors: Kleshch Victor I. , Tonkikh Alexander A. , Malykhin Sergey A. , Redekop Eugene V. , Orekhov Andrey S. , Chuvilin Andrey L. , Obraztsova Elena D. , Obraztsov Alexander N.
Published: October 2016

In this article, we present a comparative study of field emission (FE) properties of the films of pristine, annealed and CuCl-filled single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs). The current-voltage dependencies and emission site distributions were measured in the diode configuration with a flat phosphor-coated anode. A significant increase of the threshold field was observed after annealing and doping of the films. It was explained by the selective oxidation of the small-diameter nanotubes confirmed by the Raman spectroscopy. The FE properties of annealed and filled SWCNTs were found to coincide with each other. At the same time, their Raman spectra differ significantly indicating the strong p-type doping induced by encapsulated CuCl. The obtained result reveals that the CuCl filling leads to significant changes in macroscopically averaged electronic properties but do not change the local work function at the apexes of emitting nanotubes, which is important for the further development of SWCNTs-based FE cathodes.
Non-surgical sterilisation methods may offer a sustainable solution to feral horse (Equus caballus) overpopulation
Authors: Hall Sally Elizabeth , Nixon Brett , Aitken R. John
Published: October 2016

Feral horses are a significant pest species in many parts of the world, contributing to land erosion, weed dispersal and the loss of native flora and fauna. There is an urgent need to modify feral horse management strategies to achieve public acceptance and long-term population control. One way to achieve this is by using non-surgical methods of sterilisation, which are suitable in the context of this mobile and long-lived species. In this review we consider the benefits of implementing novel mechanisms designed to elicit a state of permanent sterility (including redox cycling to generate oxidative stress in the gonad, random peptide phage display to target non-renewable germ cells and the generation of autoantibodies against proteins essential for conception via covalent modification) compared with that of traditional immunocontraceptive approaches. The need for a better understanding of mare folliculogenesis and conception factors, including maternal recognition of pregnancy, is also reviewed because they hold considerable potential in providing a non-surgical mechanism for sterilisation. In conclusion, the authors contend that non-surgical measures that are single shot and irreversible may provide a sustainable and effective strategy for feral horse control.