bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Images of Slavs in Discourse-World of Brexit
Authors: Kushneruk Svetlana L.
Published: May 2021

The paper focuses on the media image construal of the Slavs against the backdrop of the Brexit procedure. The objective of the author is to examine the cognitive-discursive mechanisms of representing the West, East, and South Slav national groups in the British media in the context of Britain’s withdrawal. The author employed the cognitive-discursive analysis, integrating advances of European and Russian linguistics. The term “discourse-world of Brexit” is considered to be a conceptually complex discourse-level structure, serving as a background against which the national images stand out. It is argued that images of the Slavs are organized by frames that enable media managers to negatively or neutrally evaluate members and non-members of the European Union. The media frames structuring the national images are systematized. Examples from the news on the web corpus are used to prove that images of the Slavs are discursively constrained and biased. The results might present interest for further investigation of prejudices in the media
Modern Linguistic Research in Regional and Cross-Cultural Context: Analytical Review for the Linguistic Edition of the Journal of Siberian Federal University
Authors: Detinko Iuliia I. , Kulikova Liudmila V.
Published: May 2021

Modern linguistic research is characterized by a quick reaction to the world events, a response to the challenges of our time in various spheres of public life, a tendency to find an explanation for new linguistic and social phenomena through the cultural and historical perspective. On the one hand, this trend stimulates interest in regional studies, whose topical issues are related to translation of values in constructing the image of the region, revealing of cultural information on the material of local toponyms, solving the problems of contextually determined bilingualism and language policy in the regions with indigenous population. On the other hand, interest in the study of other cultures does not decline and still has vast scientific potential due to the possibility of a more detailed immersion in the peculiarities of cross-cultural communication and the use of new methodological tools for its study. Modern technologies make it possible to use the resources of the Web networks for solving research problems, thereby expanding and enriching the spheres of discourse interaction
CAUSES AND PREVENTION OF MANAGEMENT CONFLICTS IN THE FIELD OF ACTIVITY OF HEADS OF DOMESTIC ENTERPRISES OF THE TOURIST BUSINESS
Authors: Udovitsa Oleg , Shekera Svetlana
Published: May 2021

The purpose of this work is to determine the causes of conflicts among managers, stages of development of a conflict situation and the solution of administrative conflicts at enterprises in the field of providing tourism services. In accordance with this, it is necessary to solve the following task: to identify the consequences of managerial conflicts, to explain the stages of the conflict resolution process, and also to identify the goals that provoke a conflict.

Methodology. To solve this research goal, an integrated and systematic approach was used based on general scientific and special methods, such as formal logic, analysis and systematization, generalization, literary and comparative methods. In the course of the study, we used literary sources on issues of conflict resolution at enterprises. The available statistical materials have been worked out.

Results. It has been established that a managerial conflict goes through all the same life cycle stages as any other type of conflict with characteristic features. It was revealed that managerial conflicts have devastating consequences if they are not resolved. In the field of providing tourism services, where the main job is constant communication, managerial conflicts arise primarily because of the leaders' own ambitions, because of inadequate perception of information, and the like. It was revealed that at the enterprises of the tourism business possible conflicts due to incorrect transmission of information, since it goes through the process of "distortion" (that is, distortion of real information) or "filtering" (that is, replacing important data with unimportant or omission of important information, considering it unimportant ). Conflicts can and should be prevented by implementing a conflict prevention strategy.

The scientific novelty of the study lies in the adaptation of the theory of conflict at the managerial level to the tourism sector in order to solve communication problems that arise.

The practical significance of the study lies in the fact that managers must know the theory of conflicts, prevent in order to conflict, and also resolve with positive consequences. The research materials can be used for further research on this topic and in the process of training in higher educational institutions for specialties 073 "Management" and 242 "Tourism" in the study of management disciplines and the basics of conflict management in order to create and reproduce special skills for resolving conflict situations in work collectives among managers.
Vibration observations, Sather Tower, University of California, Berkeley, California*
Authors: Cloud William K. , Hershberger John , Warner Stanley E.
Published: May 2021

Summary and conclusions.

—Deflection curves for the first three modes of transverse vibrations induced by external forced motion of Sather Tower are presented for both the E-W and N-S directions. Also presented are data on two modes of torsional vibrations.

In the fundamental transverse modes, substantial correlation is obtained with the work of previous observers, including deflections greater in proportion than height, as found by Carder. Also, striking similarity exists between observed modes in the two directions, a condition reflecting the known symmetry of the structure. This fact was used for substantiation of the trends established from the data when precise interpretation of tower motion was found difficult. It is noted that nodal points occur in the two higher modes between the eighth and ninth levels in both directions. This would be expected, since an abrupt change in section occurs between these floors; however, a computation for the deflection of a simple cantilever beam of length equal to the tower height (from base of tower footing,—18ft. elevation) and concentrated load applied at the height of the shaking machine (seventh floor) shows less than 6 per cent deviation of thirteenth-floor deflection from the N-S fundamental deflection curve presented. Finally, knowledge of the vibrational characteristics of Sather Tower, and similar structures, has been extended through the determination of the second and third transverse modes and torsional modes of vibration.
The interaction of Rayleigh and Stoneley waves in the ocean bottom*
Authors: Biot M. A.
Published: May 2021

A theory is developed for the propagation of two-dimensional unattenuated waves in a system consisting of a liquid layer overlying an infinitely thick solid. Special attention is given to the interaction between the Stoneley type of wave and the Rayleigh wave. It is shown that the type of wave discussed corresponds to a dispersion branch for which the velocity varies continuously from a value lower than the velocity of sound in the liquid to that of the Rayleigh waves. The possible importance of this fact is pointed out in connection with the interpretation of the T phase of shallow-focus submarine earthquakes. The physical nature of these waves is illustrated by showing that they exist at the interface of a massless solid and an incompressible fluid.
Initial motion of the first longitudinal earthquake wave recorded at Pasadena and Huancayo*
Authors: Båth Markus
Published: May 2021

Summary and Outlook

This study is concerned with the initial motion of the P waves at Pasadena and Huancayo. The results have been given in maps. In order to make the distribution more obvious, some boundary lines have been drawn. These boundaries are generally not to be taken as geometrical lines, but rather as transition zones. The appearance and positions of these lines can clearly be given in more or less detail, depending on the number of earthquakes used. For an earthquake well within an area of either compression or dilatation we can expect a clear first motion of P, whereas for earthquakes within mixed areas and for earthquakes on or in the vicinity of boundary lines we generally cannot.

As a general conclusion, we find that compressions and dilatations have certain definite geographical distributions, indicating that the general tectonics are the same within relatively large areas. Furthermore, these distributions are independent of time, throughout the period for which seismic records are available, and presumably the distributions change only with geological time. The distributions we have obtained in particular for Pasadena and Huancayo are also to be taken as reliable results. On the other hand, it should be strongly emphasized that the efforts made to explain some of the observed distributions in terms of tectonics are highly tentative. In order to arrive at more definite results regarding the general tectonics of the earthquake regions, we need the detailed distributions of compression and dilatation for a large number of stations. The author would like to use this opportunity to suggest strongly that these distributions be determined for the seismic stations over the world. In such work we have to bear in mind that only cases which are certain beyond doubt should be used. Naturally, the notations “compression” and “dilation” refer to the motion of the ground and not to the motion of the seismmograph pendulum. When such distributions have been determined for a large number of stations, they could be brought together to give more definite information. I should also like to suggest that the initial motion of P waves should be given in seismic bulletins whenever it can be determined with reliability, but only then. Directions determined only from records of horizontal seismographs may naturally be used also, once the location of the epicenter is known approximately.
Observations on the recorded ground motion due to P, PcP, S, and ScS*
Authors: Ergin Kazim
Published: May 2021

The recorded motion of a point at the surface of the earth, in the vertical plane of propagation, upon the arrival of PcP and ScS, as well as of the direct P and S waves, is reproduced from the seismograms of the vertical, N-S and E-W component, long-period Benioff seismographs. It is found that P and PcP produce a back-and-forth vibration in the general direction of the incoming ray, and that S and ScS produce a motion the largest displacement of which is approximately perpendicular to the ray. PcP motion starts close to the vertical, but its horizontal component later increases. A minor S phase arriving close to and after PcP and a minor P phase arriving close to and before ScS are observed. The effect of these minor phases on the smaller component of the ground vibration caused by the waves reflected from the mantle-core boundary is discussed.
The seismolog: A photoelectric earthquake indicator for a Seismograph*
Authors: Nash Harry C. , Carome Edward F.
Published: May 2021

It should be pointed out that the Seismolog provides only an indication that an earthquake has occurred. The normal process of developing and reading the seismograms is still required to determine the location and intensity of the earthquake.

Since the initial period of adjustment, the Seismolog has required servicing only twice.

On the first occasion, failure of a filter capacitor caused some slight damage to the Seismolog, owing to overheating. The possibility of recurrence was eliminated by adding the fuse system described above.

On the second occasion, the normal failure of one of the tubes in the phototube detector unit resulted in the open-circuiting of a resistor. Replacement of the tube and resistor remedied this difficulty.

With these two exceptions, the Seismolog has been in continuous and satisfactory operation at the John Carroll University Seismological Observatory since September, 1948.
Love-Wave dispersion and the structure of the Pacific Basin*
Authors: Evernden Jack Foord
Published: May 2021

abstract

By use of the Love-Wave dispersion data for the earthquake of 29 September 1946 (Lat. 5° S, Long. 154° E), a three-layer model of Pacific Basin structure has been derived. The periods of the Love Waves observed varied continuously from 45 seconds to 7 seconds. The model consists of: (a) 2.5 km. with VS equal to 2.31 km/sec.; (b) 11 km. with VS equal to 3.87 km/sec.; (c) bottom with VS equal to 4.52 km/sec. The differences between this model and that found by Raitt using refraction measurements are discussed.
Mantle Rayleigh waves from the Kamchatka earthquake of November 4, 1952*
Authors: Ewing Maurice , Press Frank
Published: May 2021

Mantle Rayleigh waves from the Kamchatka earthquake of November 4, 1952, are analyzed. The new Palisades long-period vertical seismograph recorded orders R6–R15, the corresponding paths involving up to seven complete passages around the earth. The dispersion data for periods below 400 sec. are in excellent agreement with earlier results and can be explained in terms of the known increase of shear velocity with depth in the mantle. Data for periods 400-480 sec. indicate a tendency for the group velocity curve to level off, suggesting that these long waves are influenced by a low or vanishing shear velocity in the core. Deduction of internal friction in the mantle from wave absorption gives a value 1/Q = 370 × 10−5 for periods 250-350 sec. This is a little over half the value reported earlier for periods 140-215 sec.
Attenuation of seismic waves near an explosion*
Authors: Howell B. F. , Kaukonen E. K.
Published: May 2021

The energies of the first recorded pulses of seismic waves generated by a series of buried explosions is plotted as a function of distance from the shot point. At short distances the first pulse is a combination of the direct compressional wave, surface waves, and other pulses. Beyond 800 feet it is a pulse refracted at the bottom of the weathered layer. The refracted pulse has about 1/600 the energy of the direct pulse. The rate of attenuation of the two pulses is examined in an attempt to determine whether all the energy loss can reasonably be attributed to normal exponential absorption.
Aktivitas Antioksidan Kulit, Kitin dan Kitosan Teripang Pasir (Holothuria scabra)
Authors: Dehwie Tyarani , Sumarto Sumarto , Dahlia Dahlia
Published: May 2021

Sea cucumber (H. scabra) has bioactive compounds that are useful as antioxidant. Antioxidant is chemical compound that can donate one or more electrons to free radical. Free radical is reactive compound that have unpaired electrons in the outer shell so it need antioxidant to stabilize. This study aims to determine the content of bioactive compounds and the antioxidant activity on the skin, chitin and chitosan of H. scabra. The analysis parameters observed were bioactive compounds and the antioxidant activity. The results showed that the phytochemical components in skin hexane extract were alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins and steroids/triterpenoids. Chitin contained alkaloids, flavonoids, and saponins. Chitosan contained alkaloid compounds, flavonoids and saponins.  IC50 of skin hexane extract and chitin were 1445.05 ppm and 620.07 ppm respectively and included in the very low category. IC50 of chitosan was 235.37 ppm and included in the moderate category. Chitosan had the highest antioxidant activity.
El saneamiento urbano en Montevideo: 40 años de logros y lecciones aprendidas hacia un servicio adecuado y universal
Authors: Maroñas Cecilia , Rezzano Nicolás , Basani Marcello
Published: May 2021

Un elemento clave para evitar repetir los errores y avanzar hacia un futuro mejor consiste en aprender de la propia experiencia. En ese sentido, todos lo acontecido durante los casi 40 años de arduo trabajo en el desarrollo del sistema de saneamiento y drenaje de Montevideo contiene conocimientos prácticos muy valiosos. Extraer lecciones de tales vivencias permite aprovechar el camino transitado y mejorar el desempeño de los futuros proyectos que se desarrollen en la región. Esto es así, en gran medida, porque la ejecución ininterrumpida de las distintas etapas del Plan de Saneamiento Urbano de Montevideo lo han convertido en un caso de éxito sin precedentes a nivel latinoamericano. En este trabajo se identifican cuatro grandes grupos de lecciones aprendidas, vinculados con: (i) aspectos de carácter institucional, (ii) aspectos relativos al sistema financiero-comercial, (iii) aspectos relacionados con la ejecución de los proyectos que formaron y forman parte del PSU, y (iv) aspectos de carácter social y comunicacional.
Evaluation of macular vessel density changes after vitrectomy with silicone oil tamponade in patients with rhegmatogenous retinal detachment
Authors:   Clinical College of Ophthalmology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300020, China; Tianjin Eye Hospital, Tianjin 300020, China; Taiyuan Aier Eye Hospital, Taiyuan 030012, Shanxi Province, China, Jiang Jian , Jia Ya-Ding ,   Taiyuan Aier Eye Hospital, Taiyuan 030012, Shanxi Province, China, Li Rui ,   Taiyuan Aier Eye Hospital, Taiyuan 030012, Shanxi Province, China, Zhou Jin-Xiu ,   Taiyuan Aier Eye Hospital, Taiyuan 030012, Shanxi Province, China, Li Rui-Mei ,   Taiyuan Aier Eye Hospital, Taiyuan 030012, Shanxi Province, China
Published: May 2021

AIM: To evaluate macular microvasculature changes in eyes after pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) and intraocular silicone oil (SO) tamponade for macula-off rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) using optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA).
METHODS: Totally 19 eyes (19 patients) with macula-off RRD who underwent PPV and intraocular SO tamponade were retrospectively reviewed. The parafoveal superficial capillary plexus (SCP) vessel density (VD), deep capillary plexus (DCP) VD, choriocapillaris plexus (CCP) VD, and foveal macular thickness were evaluated using OCTA throughout 16wk postoperatively. The values of healthy fellow eyes were used as control.
RESULTS: The parafoveal SCP, DCP, and CCP VDs were significant increased over time in RRD eyes during the 12wk postoperatively, then decreased at 16wk postoperatively (all P<0.01). The ratios of RRD eyes and fellow healthy eyes (r/f ratios) of the SCP and DCP VDs were lower than those of the CCP VD postoperatively (all P<0.05). There were not significant differences in the r/f ratios between SCP and DCP VDs postoperatively (all P>0.05).
CONCLUSION: The parafoveal SCP, DCP, and CCP VDs gradually recover over time after PPV surgery with SO tamponade. Long-time SO tamponade might decrease postoperative macular VDs. Compared to parafoveal CCP VD, the parafoveal SCP and DCP VDs were more vulnerable in RRD eyes postoperatively.
Intraocular pressure modifications in patients with acute central/hemicentral retinal vein occlusions
Authors:   Department of Ophthalmology, University of Medicine, Cluj-Napoca 400467, Romania, Calugaru Dan
Published: May 2021

Intraocular pressure (IOP) modifications in patients with acute central/hemicentral retinal vein occlusions (RVOs) consist in IOP reductions and increases. The IOP reduction is due to a transitional hyposecretory phase of the aqueous humor, that increases gradually until 3mo after the venous occlusion onset, and then finally disappears after month 4th. The IOP increases lead to the ocular hypertension and glaucoma. The possible pathogenetic correlations between ocular hypertension/glaucoma and acute central/hemicentral RVOs have been classified into three groups: 1) the venous occlusion precedes the ocular hypertension/glaucoma causing neovascular glaucoma and secondary angle-closure glaucoma without rubeosis; 2) the ocular hypertension and the glaucoma precede the venous occlusion and favor its appearance (ocular hypertension, primary angle-closure, primary angle-closure glaucoma, and open angle glaucomas); and 3) the venous occlusion and the ocular hypertension/glaucoma are mostly age dependent appearances due to common vascular and collagen alterations, lacking a causal connection between the 2 conditions.
ARGON APPLICATION FOR CREATION OF PNEUMOPERITONEUM IN LAPAROSCOPIC SURGERIES
Authors:   Ivano-Frankivsk National Medical University, Tkachuk O.L. , Parakhoniak R.L. ,   Ivano-Frankivsk National Medical University, Plaksin S.A. ,   E.A. Vagner Perm State Medical University, Glushenkov A.S. ,   Moscow State University of Food Production, Fadeeva M.V. ,   Moscow State University of Food Production
Published: May 2021

Objective. To advance the patients’ rehabilitation after laparoscopic surgeries by using insufflation with argon gas for pneumoperitoneum formation. Methods. The given study is the investigation of sequentially admitted 360patients with gallstone disease (cholelithiasis). The patients have been randomly divided into 4 groups: Group1 - uncomplicated gallstone disease, carboxyperitoneum (n=192); Group1a - acute cholelithiasis (n=37), carboxyperitoneum; Group2 - uncomplicated gallstone disease, argonperitoneum (n=102); Group2a - acute cholelithiasis (n=29), argonoperitoneum. All the patients have undergone laparoscopic cholecystectomies. Subjective assessment of the pain syndrome intensity has been studied on the basis of patient-reported outcomes questionnaire according to the visual analogue scale (VAS), need for analgesic injections, presence and intensity of the shoulder pain syndrome as well as the duration of in-patient treatment. Results. In accordance with patient-reported outcomes (with argonperitoneum application) subjective pain sensation has proved to decrease by 1.5-2 fold. On the first day of the postoperative period both in uncomplicated gallstone disease and in acute cholelithiasis, argonperitoneum has statistically significantly reduced the need for analgesics. Pain in the shoulder girdle (omalgia) was observed in 48.9% of the patients having been applied carboxyperitoneum whereas it was noticed in only 5.3% of the patients having been applied argonperitoneum during the operation. Argonperitoneum application statistically significantly reduces in-patient treatment period by 30% (from 2.3 - to 1.6 days) in uncomplicated gallstone disease and by 23% (from 4.3 - to 3.3 days) in gallstone disease complicated by acute cholelithiasis. Conclusion. Application of argon for pneumoperitoneum formation in laparoscopic cholecystectomies reliably reduces pain syndrome intensity in the postoperative period. The number of postoperative omalgia cases is reduced by 42% in patients having undergone cholecystectomies with argonperitoneum application. Application of argonperitoneum in management of patients with cholelithiasis may reduce the hospitalization period by 25-30%. What this paper adds The effect of argon application as an insufflation gas in laparoscopic operations upon the intensity of the postoperative pain syndrome has been studied for the first time. Argonperitoneum application has been found to improve the postoperative course by reducing pain irritation. Argon application leads to reduce analgesics consumption.
THE CHOICE OF THE OPTIMAL LEVEL OF INTERSECTION OF THE PANCREAS TAKING INTO ACCOUNT VARIANTS OF THE TOPOGRAPHY OF ARTERIAL VESSELS AND PANCREATIC DUCT
Authors:   I.P.Pavlov Ryazan State Medical University, Tarasenko S.V. , Tarakanov P.V. ,   I.P.Pavlov Ryazan State Medical University, Natalskiy A.A. ,   I.P.Pavlov Ryazan State Medical University, Pavlov A.V. ,   I.P.Pavlov Ryazan State Medical University, Pronin N.A. ,   I.P.Pavlov Ryazan State Medical University, Bogomolov A.Yu. ,   I.P.Pavlov Ryazan State Medical University
Published: May 2021

Objective. To determine the optimal level of intersection of the pancreas based on the features of the topography of the arterial vessels and the pancreatic duct of the isthmus and the body of the pancreas. Methods. 44 complexes of the upper floor of the abdominal cavity were studied. An injection mass with the subsequent fixation complexes in a formalin solution was introduced into the arterial vessels. The pancreatic tissue was crossed over the superior mesenteric vein along vertical lines drawn on one, two, three, four, and five cm to the left of the superior mesenteric vein. Depending on the diameter, the arteries were divided into the following types: 1 type (diameter - 0.5 - 1.0 mm); 2 type (diameter - 1.1 - 1.5 mm); 3 type (diameter more than 1.6 mm). The sections were used to assess the topography of the main tubular structures, the number and diameter of arterial vessels greater than 0.5 mm, the number of vessels of a certain type and the mean vessel diameter of this type. Results. On the cross - section above the superior mesenteric vein, as well as on the section made 1 cm to the left of it, vessels of type 1 (0.5-1.0 mm) prevailed. At the same time, two more pronounced arterial vessels were noted. These arteries were located, as a rule, extra-organically and had a relatively constant topography. The location of the pancreatic duct corresponded to the central part of the section. On transverse sections of the pancreas made along lines located from 2 cm to 5 cm to the left of the superior mesenteric vein; up to 5 arterial vessels were recorded.The location of the arterial vessels was inconsistent and did not have limited topographic zones. On sections from 2 to 5 cm to the left of the superior mesenteric vein, damage to the dorsal pancreatic artery was noted, and on sections 4 and 5 cm to the left of the superior mesenteric vein, a peripheral location of the pancreatic duct was found. Conclusion. The optimal level of intersection of the pancreas is the area above the superior mesenteric vein and 1 cm left of the superior mesenteric vein. What this paper adds It was revealed that the region of the pancreas from the superior mesenteric vein to 1 cm left of the superior mesenteric vein is considered to be the most optimal for transection of the pancreatic tissue from the anatomical point of view. Here, as a rule, two arterial vessels meet. It was found that the topography of these arteries is relatively constant, which makes it possible to suture them selectively.
SURGICAL MANAGEMENT OF RECURRENCES OF RENAL CELL CARCINOMA
Authors:   Republican Specialized Scientific Practical Medical Center of Oncology and Radiology, Boyko E.V. , Tillyashaykhova R.M. ,   Tashkent City Branch of the Republican Specialized Scientific Practical Medical Center of Oncology and Radiology, Khasanov Sh.T. ,   Republican Specialized Scientific Practical Medical Center of Oncology and Radiology, Ivakhov G.B. ,   Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Stradymov E.A. ,   Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Akperov A.I. ,   Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Rubtsov A.A. ,   Samara State Medical University
Published: May 2021

In recent decades the detection of new cases of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) has remained unchanged. This tumor accounts for 2-3% of all cancer diagnoses in humans. Standard methods of surgical treatment are being improved towards less invasive resection methods; this let’s achieving the outcomes comparable to traditional nephrectomy in oncological practice. In some cases the risk factor of developing locoregionalrecurrence still remains after surgical treatment for renal cancer. The limited role of systemic therapy and radioresistance sets hopes on surgical removal of the recurrent tumor. Unfavorable prognostic factors such as the volum of recurrence, the presence of sarcomatoid histological elements, an increased level of serum alkaline phosphatase and lactate dehydrogenase were identified in the materials of several recent studies. The time of recurrence appearance and aforehandsurgeries hould be defined as one of the independent predictors as it reported by other several studies. The open laparotomic, laparoscopic and robotic methods of tumor removal, as well as the extents of renal segments of repeated resection are discussed depending on the size of the recurrent tumor and the extent of the previous opetations. At the present stage of the development of minimally invasive surgery, with its problem-solvingabilities which are very essential in treating the relapsed high-riskpatients.
EXPLORING THE SOCIOCULTURAL IMPEDIMENTS TO FEMALE IN GETTING HIGHER EDUCATION IN PUKHTUN SOCIETY
Authors: Khan Younas , Hanan Fazal , Abdullah  , Rahman Habib ur , Ullah Asad
Published: May 2021

Purpose of the study: This study was designed to explore the socio-cultural impediments to females getting higher education in pakhtun society.

Methodology: A cross-sectional quantitative research method was conducted in district Dir lower Pakistan. A well-structured interviewed schedule (encompassing all the study attributes) was used for primary data collection from 375 female respondents after the pre-test procedure. The data were analyzed through descriptive statistics and inferential statistics(x2 test) to ascertain the association between dependent (female higher education) and independent (sociocultural impediments) variables.

Principal Findings: Based on the study results, a significant association (P=0.000) was found between the dependent variable and sociocultural attributes; the prevalence of patriarchal norms (P=0.00), preferences of early marriages (P=0.00), fear of sexual harassment (P=0.00), parents carelessness (P=0.00), Parda (veiling for women and protecting their honour) and lack of decision-making power (P=0.00) impedes women from getting their higher education.

Applications of this study: Early marriage is a symbol of female exploitation under the man-made unwritten codes of conduct (Pukhtoonwali) which, should be banned through formal (legislation) and informal agencies (familial and religious) level; with a collaboration of educating female to ensure dethroning the partisan character in the form of patriarchal norms, which women faced since the dawn of the history. A slogan or any other campaign through mass media and print media is the order of the day. The government should ensure to play their role on macro and micro level to eliminate the negative stigmatization of women generally while in getting higher education particularly.

Novelty/Originality of this study: This study is an attempt to insight into the socio-cultural barriers to female attainment of higher education in pukhtun society through perceptional based study along with quantitative research designs to measure the association between the variables as mentioned above with an amalgamation of an addition to the existing stock of knowledge in the field of sociology of education.
THE ROLE OF GLOBALIZATION IN CHANGING CONSUMPTION PATTERNS: A CASE STUDY OF PUNJAB, PAKISTAN
Authors: Jadoon Atif Khan , Javaid Maria Faiq , Sherwani Rehan Ahmed Khan , Batool Syeda Azra
Published: May 2021

Purpose of the study: Since the process of globalization is reshaping the thoughts of individuals about the world and creating uniform consumption patterns, the present study is designed to investigate that how globalization is changing the consumption patterns of the people living in Punjab, Pakistan. Methodology: The present study has collected primary data from the three big cities of Punjab, Pakistan. A quantitative research method is applied to carry out results. Both paper-pencil and web-based methods were used to collect data. Using multistage sampling, sophisticated estimation techniques, such as Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) and Structural Equation Modeling (SEM), are applied to obtain the results. Main findings: The results of CFA confirm that the variable globalization is constructed with the help of commerce, information communication and technology (ICT), and education while the variable consumption patterns variable is measured with the help of physiological needs, communication needs, and ethnic household consumption. The results of SEM show that globalization is changing the consumption patterns of the individuals living in Punjab, Pakistan. Application of the study: The outcome of the present study shows that globalization through Multinational Corporations (MNCs), ICT, and education is changing the consumption patterns of individuals. This study draws the attention of policymakers to fix the minimum wage rate for workers working in MNCs and compel MNCs to revise their pricing policy. Novelty/ Originality of the study: The present study is a rare initiative as, to the best of the researcher’s knowledge; there is not even a single study that has considered all the dimensions of globalization and consumption patterns. This study is an important contribution as it fulfils various gaps that exist in the existing literature.
Celovito upravljanje nasilja nad zaposlenimi v zdravstvenem in socialnovarstvenem sistemu
Authors: Gabrovec Branko
Published: May 2021

Publikacija ima skupno 104 strani in je strukturirana v 9 poglavjih in njim podrejena podpoglavja. Njena vsebina je uporabna, kot učno gradivo pri predmetih fakultet za zdravstvene nege in pri usposabljanjih za zdravstveno in socialno delo.
Wielkie centrum handlowe w przestrzeni miejskiej i podmiejskiej. Manufaktura w Łodzi i Ptak w Rzgowie
Authors: Dzieciuchowicz Jerzy
Published: May 2021

At the beginning of the period of a systemic transformation in Poland construction of large shopping centers, being based mainly on foreign capital was initiated. These investments at first were located in large cities and their suburban zones, and then also appeared in smaller towns. This process led to the fundamental change of the existing earlier commercial network. She consisted above all in making this network rich for new large-surface shopping centers, performing not only commercial but also social functions. Simultaneously it achieved the collapse of the nationalized trade. Parallel also a crisis of smaller private shops escalated not-withstanding the competition with new commercial giants. The huge economic potential of large shopping centers and the very wide reach of their spatial influence caused that they had become new nodes of the commercial network.
Gestão escolar e democracia em tempos de autoritarismo: a necessidade do dissenso
Authors: Mendonça Samuel
Published: May 2021

Se a gestão escolar se relaciona diretamente com a democracia, seja pelos valores constitucionais presentes na escola, seja, principalmente, porque se deseja direcionar políticas públicas educacionais via gestão, o autoritarismo é impedimento para este trabalho. É preciso garantir os valores e princípios da democracia para a garantia da continuidade do desenvolvimento do trabalho escolar. Levando-se em conta este cenário, este estudo pretende investigar a pergunta: a gestão escolar e a democracia são capazes de resistir ao autoritarismo pelo dissenso? Busca-se analisar o conceito de dissenso e pensá-lo como alternativa para a superação do autoritarismo da gestão escolar e da democracia.
Implementando una gestión pública en la unidad de gestión educativa local de Castrovirreyna
Authors: Riveros Poma Rómulo
Published: May 2021

En el Sector Educación, durante la crisis sanitaria mundial del COVID 19, los servidores estamos experimentando cambios muy significativos, en la atención al ciudadano, especialmente, solucionar los problemas de falta de conectividad de los estudiantes de EBR, EBA y ETP. Al sistematizar la primera información de directores de Instituciones Educativas, se demostraron que el 46% de estudiantes se encontraban sin conectividad a los medios de comunicación y tecnológicos. Resultado preocupante, durante el aislamiento social, que ha motivado a promover diversas alternativas, de cierre de brechas de falta de conectividad, para que los estudiantes reciban las sesiones de aprendizaje, a través de la estrategia del Ministerio de Educación de APRENDO EN CASA. Pero, las actividades administrativas que cumplimos estaban instauradas con el “cumplimiento de funciones”. Un problema crucial que no permitía movilizar propuestas, por no estar acorde a las acciones establecidas de costumbre, hasta que estalló en cambio de responsables de algunas áreas, para sensibilizar adecuadamente a trabajadores para emprender nuevas intervenciones durante el trabajo remoto. Desde ahí, las autoridades educativas promueven el cambio e inician la toma de decisiones colegiadas y coordinaciones interinstitucionales con autoridades municipales, políticas, de salud y policiales de la provincia de Castrovirreyna, con la finalidad de cerrar brechas de falta de conectividad de los estudiantes. Esta iniciativa tuvo buena aceptación y se emprendió arribar acuerdos e iniciación de implementación de LAS GUÍAS DE APRENDIZAJE, que son manuales por área curricular para que el estudiante desarrolle con mayor facilidad el contenido de los textos de lectura de cada grado. Además, se instalaron con 8 estaciones de internet satelital y un radio emisora en la infraestructura de la UGEL Castrovirreyna. Entonces, el nacimiento de la gestión pública propiamente dicha, en la UGEL Castrovirreyna, nace como efecto de la crisis sanitaria del COVID 19, donde hay participación voluntaria de padres de familia, autoridades comunales y autoridades locales, las que están orientadas a enfatizar el rol de los ciudadanos en la formulación de las políticas públicas y la coproducción de servicios: enmarcado en la transparencia y lucha contra la corrupción.
Las metáforas en la cultura escolar de una escuela del nivel inicial
Authors: Carrasco Pérez David Alberto , Sánchez Huarcaya Alex Oswaldo
Published: May 2021

En la cultura escolar, las metáforas son una forma de comprender la dinámica de la escuela, por lo cual, los sujetos construyen ciertas expresiones que son compartidas y transmitidas. Este estudio tiene como finalidad responder al siguiente problema: ¿cuáles son las metáforas utilizadas por los docentes y director de una escuela del nivel inicial? Por ello, se establece como objetivo analizar las metáforas utilizadas por los docentes y director de una escuela del nivel inicial ubicada en San Martín de Porres. Para el recojo de información se entrevistó a los docentes y director de la institución elegida. Como conclusiones, se identificaron cuatro orientaciones de las metáforas: Los valores están en crisis, cada niño es diferente, sentido de pertenencia, y formas diferentes de pensar.
UTILIZATION OF RATS AS BLUNT TRAUMA ANIMALS MODEL: A LITERATURE REVIEW
Authors: Wuri Rahmitiana , Rosdianto Aziis Mardanarian , Goenawan Hanna
Published: May 2021

The occurrence of contusion in humans and animals becomes an interesting study material, many researchers search and do a treatment formulation for contusion. The various effects of applying a new substance/drug to humans can be determined by studying cumulative effect of doses at the preclinical stage. The information was obtained from conducting laboratory experiments in vivo using experimental animals as a model designed in preclinical tests, such as using rats (Rattus norvegicus). So far, the development of using rat as an animal model of contusion is still very potential for further study. This literature review discusses about the use of animals as contusion models, rat trends as contusion animal models, ethical principles and animal welfare animal models, explanation and classification of contusion, contusion methods, and aspects of future animal development models as research subjects.
Navigating Civic Space in a Time of Covid: Synthesis Report
Authors: Anderson, Colin Anderson, Colin , McGee Rosie , Nampoothiri Niranjan , Gaventa John , Forquilha Salvador , Ibeh Zikora , Ibezim-Ohaeri Victoria , Jawed Asiya , Khan Ayesha , Pereira Crescêncio , Alex Shankland
Published: May 2021

Since long before the Covid-19 pandemic emerged in 2020, civic space has been changing all over the globe, generally becoming more restricted and hazardous. The pandemic brought the suspension of many fundamental freedoms in the name of the public good, providing cover for a deepening of authoritarian tendencies but also spurring widespread civic activism on issues suddenly all the more important, ranging from emergency relief to economic impacts. Research partners in the Action for Empowerment and Accountability (A4EA)'s Navigating Civic Space in a Time of Covid project have explored these dynamics through real-time research embedded in civil society in Mozambique, Nigeria, and Pakistan, grounded in a close review of global trends.
Inclusion in Crisis Response, Recovery and Resilience
Authors: Carter Becky
Published: May 2021

This rapid review provides examples of what has worked to include people in humanitarian assistance who experience heightened vulnerability during crises, due to social inequalities and discrimination relating to gender, age, disability, sexual orientation, gender identity and/or expression, and sex characteristics; and religious belief . Overall, robust evidence is limited for what are, in most cases, relatively new areas of practice in challenging crisis situations. However, the literature does identify promising practices. Emerging themes from the research on what has potential for improving inclusion in humanitarian assistance include: affected people’s meaningful participation in intervention planning and design; whole-of-community approaches while maintaining accountability to the targeted beneficiaries; multi-component approaches combining complementary strategies (e.g. economic empowerment with social norms change programming); longer-term, pre-crisis investment in relationships with, and capacity building of, local organisations; and disaggregating data and undertaking intersectional analyses to include those hardest to reach.
How Can Middle-income Countries Improve Their Skills Systems Post- COVID-19?
Authors: Herbert George
Published: May 2021

Vocational training systems in middle-income countries are going to face multiple challenges in the post-COVID era, notably, challenges related to (1) automation; (2) the transition to a green economy, and (3) demographic pressures. Of these, automation - linked to the burgeoning ‘fourth industrial revolution’ that is set to transform the global economy - represents the most serious challenge and is the only one of the three challenges discussed in any depth in this paper. Whilst estimates of the likely scale of automation in the coming years and decades vary widely, it appears likely that waves of automation will lead to a dramatic decline in many kinds of jobs that largely involve routine, repetitive tasks. These trends pre-date COVID-19, but the disruption caused by the pandemic provides an opportunity to prepare for these challenges by implementing vocational training system reforms as part of the Build Back Better agenda. Reforms to vocational training systems will be crucial to ensuring middle-income countries respond appropriately to accelerating labour market changes. However, they should only form a limited part of that response and need to be integrated with a wide range of other policy measures. Vocational training reform will need to occur in the context of major reforms to basic education in order to ensure that all workers are equipped with the cross-cutting cognitive and socio-emotional skills they will require to perform hard-to-automate tasks and to be able to learn and adapt rapidly in a changing economy. Middle-income countries will also likely need to progressively expand social protection schemes in order to provide a safety net for workers that struggle to adapt to changing labour market requirements.
The adoption of discontinuous technologies in the time of Covid-19: criticisms for micro family businesses.
Authors: Oppedisano Roberta
Published: May 2021

The Covid-19 emergency has imposed on companies a new way of working through technologies that have ensured business activity. This article analyzes the dynamics of the adoption of technology in micro family businesses at the time of Covid-19, focusing on the phase in which the decision is made to adopt a technology. In particular, it analyzes the influence of the family on the adoption of discontinuous technologies. The sample studied was constituted by fifteen micro-enterprises from southern Italy. In particular, all the companies included in the research are part of Coldiretti, the largest association that represents and assists Italian farms. The companies studied were examined with a qualitative analysis conducted between March and June 2020 through semi-structured telephone interviews due to problems related to the coronavirus pandemic. The present research identifies the micro-level factors affecting the decision to adopt discontinuous technology in order to detect more clearly how innovation in the context of the family business takes place in a different and distinctive way. This study also illustrates some practical implications derived from the model developed and provides useful indications for future studies.
Mechanisms to Engage an Online Community in Crowdsourcing: Insights from an Idea Contest in Training
Authors: Solidoro Adriano , Aleotti Francesco , Viscusi Gianluigi , Tucci Christopher L. , Diamantini Davide
Published: May 2021

Knowledge sharing is particularly important for co-creating, discussing, or acquiring innovative ideas. Crowdsourcing, as an enabler of open innovation, has raised the question about the kind of organising forms and/or managerial interventions it may require or underpin. However, there is little consensus in management studies on how to best design a crowdsourcing initiative (contest) with regard to the mechanisms to engage an online community. In this paper, starting from an exploratory case study on the project “Stati Generali della Formazione e del Lavoro” (General Assembly on Training and Work)—a crowdsourcing experience designed for a large community of professional trainers, planned and managed by University of Milano-Bicocca and AIF Academy (Associazione Italiana Formatori), a broad representative association of Italian trainers—we study the factors influencing the decision of the participants (a.k.a., solvers) to become involved (and to what extent) in a contest. The study could contribute to the debate on crowdsourcing by both underlining important governance factors involved and providing empirical evidence of the link between management strategies and crowdsourcing success.
Modernization Paradigm: Theoretical Approaches and Historic Experience
Authors: Mal'tsev A.
Published: May 2021

Since the second half of the XX century the majority of modern nations is confronted with the need to modernize their economies. The peripheral countries used different models of economic transformations at various stages of development. They regularly tried to radically reduce the levels of their backlog in technological and economic development from the developed nations. The economic modernization is limited to the period of transition from an agrarian society to an industrialized development. The author states that the modernization is not applicable to form a foundation of the post-industrialism which is characterized by emergence of the different economic laws.
Peace-keeping British Way in 1990–2000
Authors: Andreeva T.
Published: May 2021

The subjects of the article are the doctrine and the practice of the British participation in international peace-keeping, peace-building and peace-making operations. The article also highlights peculiarities of this participation in 1990-2000 years, which is closely interconnected with significant changes in the international relations system as a whole, political objectives and opportunities in this system for US, EU, NATO and UN.
U.S. Immigration Policy in the Early 21st Century
Authors: Nikol'skaya G.
Published: May 2021

U.S. immigrant population (legal and illegal) reached 40 millions in 2010, the highest number in American history. Nearly 14 millions of new immigrants settled in the country from 2000 to 2010, making it the highest decade of immigration in American history. For the United States, the immigration has always been both crucial to the economic growth and a source of serious conflicts. There has been no significant movement toward federal immigration reform since bipartisan project blocked in 2007. But it has been the subject of fever legislation at a state level, and President Obama made a decision to return to this question in the coming presidential campaign.