bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effectiveness of pulpotomy compared with root canal treatment in managing non‐traumatic pulpitis associated with spontaneous pain: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Tomson Phillip L. , Vilela Bastos Juliana , Jacimovic Jelena , Jakovljevic Aleksandar , Pulikkotil Shaju Jacob , Nagendrababu Venkateshbabu
Published: October 2022

Background

Pulpitis characterized by spontaneous pain can result in debilitating pain. Dogma has existed to offer only have two treatment options, namely root canal treatment (RCT) or extraction, although pulpotomy has always remained a potential treatment modality.

Objective

This review aimed to answer the following research question: ‘Does pulpotomy (partial or full) (I) result in better patient and clinical reported outcomes (O), compared with RCT (C) in permanent teeth with pulpitis characterized by spontaneous pain (P) evaluated at various time intervals?’ (T).

Methods

Two authors independently performed study selection, data extraction and risk of bias assessment. The literature search was conducted in the following electronic databases: Clarivate Analytics' Web of Science, Scopus, PubMed and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials. English language clinical trials comparing the patient and clinical reported outcomes between RCT and pulpotomy were included. The meta‐analysis was performed on a fixed‐effect model and the quality of evidence assessed by the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluations (GRADE) approach.

Results

Two randomized clinical trials were included. Amongst two trials, one has published four reports at different time points involving the same cohorts. The meta‐analysis revealed no difference in postoperative pain (Day 7) between RCT and pulpotomy (OR = 0.99, 95% CI 0.63–1.55, I2 = 0%) and quality of evidence was graded as ‘High’. Clinical success was high at year 1, 98% for both interventions, however, decreased over time to 78.1% (pulpotomy) and 75.3% (RCT) at 5 years.

Discussion

Pulpotomy is a definitive treatment modality that is as effective as RCT. This could have a significant impact on treatment of such patients affording the advantages of retaining a vital pulp and preventing the need for RCT.

Conclusion

This review could only include two trials, hence there is insufficient evidence to draw robust conclusions. The clinical data accumulated so far suggests no difference in pain between RCT and pulpotomy at Day 7 postoperatively and a single randomized control trial suggests that the clinical success rate for both treatment modalities is similar long term. There is a need for more well‐designed trials by different research groups to develop a stronger evidence base in this area.

Registration

PROSPERO database (CRD42021259744).
Effects of NaCl and sucrose on the structure and thermal properties of microcrystalline starch‐glycerol monostearate complex
Authors: Shi Miaomiao , Lou Xue , Ji Xiaolong , Yan Yizhe , Liu Yanqi
Published: October 2022

The crystal structure and type, short‐range ordered structure, as well as thermal properties of microcrystalline starch‐glycerol monostearate complexes treated with different NaCl and sucrose concentrations, were investigated. The complexing index indicated that NaCl and sucrose are beneficial for the formation of starch complexes. Furthermore, starch complexes treated with NaCl and sucrose retained their V‐shaped crystal structures on the X‐ray diffraction patterns. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy suggested that there were no extra absorption peaks, whilst Raman spectroscopy exhibited a more short‐range ordered structure with increasing NaCl and sucrose concentrations. Similarly, differential scanning calorimetry demonstrated an increase in the ΔH values from 8.67 J g−1 to 16.46 J g−1 (NaCl) and 14.88 J g−1 (sucrose). The results indicated that NaCl and sucrose at low concentrations could modulate the physicochemical properties of the complex. Consequently, there are many articles on starch complex, but my research focuses on the effect of small molecules such as salt and sugar on starch complex, which is conducive to expanding the application of starch and bringing inspiration to other scholars.
Shaping ability of novel nickel‐titanium systems in printed primary molars
Authors: Gucyetmez Topal Burcu , Falakaloglu Seda , Silva Emmanuel , Gündoğar Mustafa , Iriboz Emre
Published: October 2022

Background

Manual or mechanized instruments can be used for root canal preparation. Manual instrumentation using K‐files is widely used in primary teeth, but there are many limitations. Mechanized root canal preparation can lead to easy access to all canals, decrease instrumentation time, and result in more funnel‐shaped root canals, resulting in a more predictable uniform paste fill.

Aim

This study aimed to evaluate the shaping ability and instrumentation time of VDW.ROTATE™ and EdgeTaper Platinum™ during the preparation of resin‐printed primary molars. Hand K‐files were used as a reference for comparison.

Design

Sixty‐six resin‐based maxillary second primary molars, obtained from extracted tooth cone‐beam computed tomography (CBCT) image and printed on a three‐dimensional printer, were divided into three groups: VDW.ROTATE™, EdgeTaper Platinum™, and K‐files. The specimens were scanned using CBCT imaging before and after root canal preparation. Images were registered using a dedicated software, and changes (Δ) in the canal area, volume, and untouched canal surface were calculated. Instrumentation time was evaluated. Data were statistically analyzed using the SPSS program.

Results

There was no significant difference among the tested file systems for Δ canal volume and area (p > .05). VDW.ROTATE™, however, showed significantly lower untouched canal surface area than other systems in all roots (p < .001). The VDW.ROTATE™ was found to be significantly faster (6.47 ± 0.39 min) than EdgeTaper Platinum™ (7.71 ± 0.73 min) and K‐files (8.22 ± 0.72 min), (p < .05).

Conclusions

The shaping ability and the instrumentation time were directly influenced by the root canal instrumentation system used during the preparation of resin‐printed primary molars, with VDW.ROTATE™ being the faster system and associated with the lower amount of untouched canal surface area.
Landscape genetics outperforms habitat suitability in predicting landscape resistance for congeneric cat species
Authors: Sartor Caroline Charão , Wan Ho Yi , Pereira Javier A. , Eizirik Eduardo , Trigo Tatiane Campos , de Freitas Thales Renato O. , Cushman Samuel Alan
Published: October 2022

Aim

The use of landscape resistance maps to model connectivity has become an indispensable tool for species conservation. However, different methods can be used to estimate landscape resistance, but there is no consensus on which is the most reliable one. Therefore, comparing the performance of those methods in predicting resistance can be quite useful to understand their limitations and conservation implications. Our goal was to evaluate the accuracy of two commonly used approaches, habitat suitability modelling and landscape genetics, in estimating landscape resistance to genetic connectivity of two species of Neotropical cats (Leopardus guttulus and L. geoffroyi) across their ranges.

Location

South America.

Taxon

Felidae—L. guttulus and L. geoffroyi.

Methods

For both species, we optimized a landscape genetics resistance surface using a restricted multivariate optimization approach and transformed a habitat suitability map into a resistance layer. We compared landscape resistance models created by these two approaches based on the models' Akaike information criterion scores and evaluated the similarities and differences in their predictions by calculating the correlation between the resistance layers and generating difference maps.

Results

The genetic approach greatly outperformed the habitat suitability approach in explaining movement driving gene flow for both species. For the studied species, habitat preference and genetic connectivity are influenced by different landscape features. Habitat alteration imposes great resistance for genetic connectivity, and the presence of natural vegetation remnants within altered environments is essential for their conservation.

Main conclusions

For the studied species, the transformation of habitat suitability models into resistance surfaces is a poor proxy for permeability to dispersal, and the use of genetic data is more reliable in modelling connectivity for species conservation. Habitat suitability and landscape resistance are not equivalent or even proportional for these species.
Targeting VEGF with bevacizumab inhibits malignant effusion formation of primary human herpesvirus 8‐unrelated effusion large B‐cell lymphoma in vivo
Authors: Ogasawara Fumiya , Higuchi Tomonori , Nishimori Tomohiro , Hashida Yumiko , Kojima Kensuke , Daibata Masanori
Published: October 2022

Primary human herpesvirus 8 (HHV8)‐unrelated effusion large B‐cell lymphoma (ELBCL) is recognized as a new clinical entity, but its pathogenesis and therapeutic strategies remain largely unknown. We have generated two mouse models with profuse lymphomatous effusions that resemble HHV8‐unrelated ELBCL occurring in humans, by grafting the cell lines designated as Pell‐1 and Pell‐2. Using these in vivo models, we evaluated the potential role of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in the pathogenesis of HHV8‐unrelated ELBCL. Both Pell‐1 and Pell‐2 cells consistently produced very high levels of VEGF in mice, in contrast to in vitro findings of relatively low VEGF production in culture medium by HHV8‐unrelated ELBCL cells, especially Pell‐1 cells. Conversely, returning Pell‐1 cells grown in mice to culture medium markedly suppressed VEGF production to the original in vitro level. These findings suggest that the tumour microenvironment plays a role in the steady production of VEGF. We also found that the interaction between HHV8‐unrelated ELBCL cells and peritoneal mesothelial cells increased the production of VEGF in vitro. Finally, we found that bevacizumab significantly suppressed effusion formation and lymphoma cell growth in both mouse models. These results suggest that bevacizumab is a rational approach to the treatment of HHV8‐unrelated ELBCL.
Social media posts suggest that coconut rhinoceros beetle has established in the Western hemisphere
Authors: Jackson Trevor A. , Rincón Miguel N. , Villamizar Laura F. , Paudel Sulav
Published: October 2022

The coconut rhinoceros beetle (CRB: Oryctes rhinoceros L.) is one of the most damaging pests of coconut and oil palms in the Asia/Pacific region but has not been reported from the Western Hemisphere. Here, we report a possible establishment of CRB in Nayarit, Mexico, based on an analysis of social media reports and photographs indicating the presence of the beetle and the distinctive v‐shaped notches in palm fronds caused by the beetle feeding. CRB populations are destructive once established, therefore, urgent actions are required to contain the pest and prevent damage to coconut and oil palm in the Americas.
Global trends, biases and gaps in the scientific literature about freshwater fish eggs and larvae
Authors: Carnicer Cleide , Lima Luciano B. , Pelicice Fernando Mayer , Lima‐Junior Dilermando Pereira
Published: October 2022

Syntheses of knowledge are important to reveal trends, biases and gaps in the scientific literature, indicating main data shortfalls and research needs. In this regard, the authors conducted a broad systematic review on the literature about freshwater fish eggs and larvae to investigate (a) temporal trends in the global scientific production, (b) the scope and habitat types, (c) the spatial distribution of studies, (d) the fish species contemplated and their respective conservation status and (e) the factors associated with the spatial distribution of studies. They analysed 654 studies published between 1950 and 2020. The number of studies has increased over time, but with a weak trend. Most studies investigated basic questions about biology and ecology and were carried out chiefly in rivers and lakes. These studies covered 95 freshwater ecoregions (22.3% of all ecoregions) and recorded 871 fish species (4.8% of all freshwater fish currently described). Most species were assessed by the IUCN and classified into six threat categories, but approximately 35% were not evaluated. The main drivers affecting the spatial distribution of studies were ecoregion area, road density, river volume and the number of hydroelectric plants. Results point to significant biases and gaps in the global scientific literature on fish eggs and larvae, especially associated with habitat type, spatial distribution and target species, emphasizing the need to address specific topics. Such biases and gaps indicate the existence of important data shortfalls, which compromise management and conservation planning, as information on fish eggs and larvae is basic and critical for the assessment of fish recruitment and population dynamics.
Development of a droplet digital PCR method for the sensitive detection and quantification of largemouth bass ranavirus
Authors: Jiang Nan , Shen Jinyu , Zhou Yong , Liu Wenzhi , Meng Yan , Li Yiqun , Xue Mingyang , Xu Chen , Fan Yuding
Published: October 2022

Largemouth bass ranavirus (LMBRaV), also known as largemouth bass virus (LMBV), is a high mortality pathogen in largemouth bass. A rapid, sensitive, specific and convenient diagnosis method is an urgent requirement for the prevention of virus transmission. In the present study, a droplet digital PCR (ddPCR) method based on the major capsid protein (mcp) gene was established to detect and quantify the virus genome copy number. Oligonucleotide primers were designed based on the LMBRaV mcp gene sequence. The specificity and sensitivity of ddPCR assay were analysed. The other aquatic virus including Chinese giant salamander iridovirus (GSIV), Cyprinid herpesvirus II (CyHV‐2) and infectious spleen and kidney necrosis virus could not be detected by LMBRaV ddPCR assay. The detection limit of ddPCR assay was 2 ± 0.37 copies/μl DNA sample. And this ddPCR assay had great repeatability and reproducibility. In clinical diagnosis of 50 largemouth bass, 43 positive samples were detected by ddPCR, whereas only 34 positive samples were detected by quantitative PCR (qPCR). This LMBRaV detection assay provided a specific and sensitive method for the rapid diagnosis of LMBRaV infection in largemouth bass as well as quantification of the virus load.
Thermal and nonthermal pretreatment methods for the extraction of anthocyanins: A review
Authors: Ijod Giroon , Musa Farah Nurhusna , Anwar Farooq , Suleiman Norhidayah , Adzahan Noranizan Mohd , Azman Ezzat Mohamad
Published: October 2022

Functional plant bioactive such as polyphenols have drawn greater interest for researchers, food industries, and consumers. Anthocyanins are popular due to its high antioxidant activity and nutra‐pharmaceutical potential. As the demand for anthocyanins grows, exploring and acknowledging applications of various conventional and nonconventional means of anthocyanin extraction is important. Conventional extraction methods have some limitations in the context that these are most time‐consuming, tedious, and less cost‐effective as well as offer lower extraction yield and selectivity. Therefore, to encounter the limitations mentioned, pretreatments including thermal and nonthermal are applied to plant materials prior to the conventional bioactive extraction process. Thermal pretreatments include blanching, ultrasonication, microwave, and ohmic heating (OH); meanwhile, examples of nonthermal pretreatment are enzymatic, high‐pressure processing (HPP), and pulsed electric field (PEF). This review is an attempt to critically summarize the applications of various pretreatment methods for improving the extraction rates and yields of anthocyanins from plant materials.

Novelty impact statement

Overall, ohmic heating (OH) appeared as the best thermal pretreatment prior to anthocyanins conventional extraction method due to rapid heating and low energy consumption. On the other hand, the most efficient nonthermal pretreatment method is high‐pressure processing (HPP) due to its rapid process, as well as successfully inactivate the microbial and enzyme activities.
Puerto Rican healthcare workers' perspectives on the impact of COVID‐19 pandemic on their role, patient care, and mental health
Authors: Alvarez Carmen , Diaz‐Ramos Noemy , Quiles Rosalphie , Sanchez‐Roman Maria Jose , Weeks Kristina , Cooper Lisa A.
Published: October 2022

Purpose

To explore the personal and work‐related stressors of healthcare workers in Puerto Rico and the organizational support they received during the pandemic.

Design and Methods

We used a qualitative descriptive design and from April – November, 2021, conducted semi‐structured individual interviews with Puerto Rican frontline healthcare workers (n = 12) and supervisors (n = 5).

Findings

Thematic analysis revealed five major themes: (a) Organizations' response to COVID‐19; (b) increased complexity of patients; (c) intensified work and psychological demand for nurses; (d) overwhelmed and overworked; and (e) recommendations for healthcare leadership. Participants explained that their organizations' responses to COVID‐19 were insufficient for  meeting the demands and acuity of the patients. Closure of outpatient services contributed to people presenting to hospitals with exacerbated chronic conditions – especially the elderly. With COVID‐19 precautions prohibiting family visitation, nurses became responsible for total care, including emotional support of patients. In addition, the shortage of staff contributed to nurses assuming greater workloads, feeling overwhelmed and overworked, and healthcare worker resignations. Given their experiences, healthcare workers recommended that healthcare leadership show more appreciation for staff, demonstrate empathy, include frontline workers in decision‐making, and provide mental health resources for staff.

Conclusions

This study with Puerto Rican frontline workers and supervisors uncovers the multiple stressors experienced during the COVID‐19 pandemic. Our findings underscore the need for prioritizing the well‐being of healthcare workers, preparing healthcare leadership on how to support staff, and mandating nurse‐to‐patient ratios.

Clinical Relevance

Healthcare workers explained the barriers they experienced for providing quality care to their patients. They also presented recommendations for healthcare leadership to facilitate supporting frontline workers, which ultimately contributes to optimal patient care.
Infectious complications in adult patients with idiopathic minimal change nephrotic syndrome undergoing immunosuppressive therapy
Authors: Hsu Chih‐Yang , Chang Chung , Chen Hsin‐Yu , Ou Shih‐Hsiang , Chou Kang‐Ju , Fang Hua‐Chang , Chen Chien‐Liang , Huang Chien‐Wei , Ho Tzung‐Yo , Lee Po‐Tsang
Published: October 2022

Background

Patients with idiopathic minimal change nephrotic syndrome (MCNS) undergoing immunosuppressive therapy are susceptible to infectious complications. Study specifically focusing on adult population's infectious complications is lacking.

Methods

We retrospectively collected 101 adult patients with biopsy‐proven idiopathic MCNS and analysed for the infectious complications. Published literatures were also reviewed aiming to evaluate the feasibility of prophylactic antibiotic treatment.

Results

Infectious complications developed in 17 of 101 (16.8%) patients, with pneumonia (n = 4), cellulitis/fasciitis (n = 4) and urinary tract infection (UTI) (n = 4) being the dominant diseases, and Gram‐negative bacilli the main cause. AKI stage ≥2 (Hazard ratio = 6.1; 95% CI: 1.2–31.9, p = 0.031) and non‐remission by treatment (Hazard ratio = 4.4; 95% CI: 1.2–15.6, p = .023) were the two independent risk factors relevant to developing infectious complications. Review of 16 published literatures and our data showed that even no prophylactic antibiotic therapy, only one case of Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia developed among the 1787 accumulative cases of MCNS. In contrast, 16 (44%) of acute flare cases were reported among the 36 patients with positive hepatitis B surface antigen that did not receive antiviral prophylactic therapy.

Conclusions

Advanced acute kidney injury and non‐remission by treatment are the risk factors toward developing infectious complications in adult MCNS undergoing immunosuppressive therapy. It appears unnecessary to use prophylactic antibiotic for Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia or other bacterial infections, while screening and prophylactic therapy for hepatitis B and latent tuberculosis are critical for patients in prevalent area.
Sharing decision‐making between the older person and the nurse: A scoping review
Authors: Marriott‐Statham Kelly , Dickson Caroline A. W. , Hardiman Michele
Published: October 2022

Background

Sharing decision‐making is globally recognised as an important concept in healthcare research, policy, education and practice which enhances person‐centred care. However, it is becoming increasingly evident shared decision‐making has not been successfully translated into everyday healthcare practice. Sharing decision‐making has strong links with person‐centred practice. Core to person‐centredness and shared decision making, is the need to recognise that as we age, greater reliance is placed on emotion and life experience to inform decision making processes. With the world's ageing population, older persons facing more complex decisions and transitions of care, it is more important than ever it is understood how shared decision‐making occurs.

Objectives

This scoping literature review aims to find out how sharing decision making between nurses and older persons in healthcare settings is understood and presented in published literature.

Methods

This scoping review utilised the Arksey and O'Malley methodological framework, advanced by Levac et al. Electronic databases and grey literature were searched, returning 362 records which were examined against defined inclusion criteria. Reporting followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA‐ScR).

Results

Twenty‐two records met inclusion criteria for the review. Results indicate while shared decision‐making is included in research, education and policy literature, it has not been effectively translated to inform practice and the relationship between a nurse and an older person. The records lack definitions of shared decision‐making and theoretical or philosophical underpinnings. There is also no consideration of emotion and life experience in decision‐making and how nurses ‘do’ shared decision‐making with older persons.

Conclusions

The findings demonstrate sharing decision‐making between nurses and older persons is not well understood in the literature, and therefore is not translated into nursing practice. Further research is needed.
Genotypic variation in field‐grown maize eliminates trade‐offs between resistance, tolerance and growth in response to high pressure from the Asian corn borer
Authors: Guo Jingfei , Liu Shen , Jing Dapeng , He Kanglai , Zhang Yongjun , Li Mingshun , Qi Jinfeng , Wang Zhenying
Published: October 2022

Insect herbivory challenges plant survival, and coordination of the interactions between growth, herbivore resistance/tolerance is a key problem faced by plants. Based on field experiments into resistance to the Asian corn borer (ACB, Ostrinia furnacalis), we selected 10 inbred maize lines, of which five were resistant and five were susceptible to ACB. We conducted ACB larval bioassays, analysed defensive chemicals, phytohormones, and relative gene expression using RNA‐seq and qPCR as well as agronomic traits, and found resistant lines had weaker inducibility, but were more resistant after ACB attack than susceptible lines. Resistance was related to high levels of major benzoxazinoids, but was not related to induced levels of JA or JA‐Ile. Following combination analyses of transcriptome, metabolome and larval performance data, we discovered three benzoxazinoids biosynthesis‐related transcription factors, NAC60, WRKY1 and WRKY46. Protoplast transformation analysis suggested that these may regulate maize defence‐growth trade‐offs by increasing levels of benzoxazinoids, JA and SA but decreasing IAA. Moreover, the resistance/tolerance‐growth trade‐offs were not observed in the 10 lines, and genotype‐specific metabolic and genetic features probably eliminated the trade‐offs. This study highlights the possibility of breeding maize varieties simultaneously with improved defences and higher yield under complex field conditions.
Strigolactones as a hormonal hub for the acclimation and priming to environmental stress in plants
Authors: Trasoletti Marta , Visentin Ivan , Campo Eva , Schubert Andrea , Cardinale Francesca
Published: October 2022

Strigolactones are phytohormones with many attributed roles in development, and more recently in responses to environmental stress. We will review evidence of the latter in the frame of the classic distinction among the three main stress acclimation strategies (i.e., avoidance, tolerance and escape), by taking osmotic stress in its several facets as a non‐exclusive case study. The picture we will sketch is that of a hormonal family playing important roles in each of the mechanisms tested so far, and influencing as well the build‐up of environmental memory through priming. Thus, strigolactones appear to be backstage operators rather than frontstage players, setting the tune of acclimation responses by fitting them to the plant individual history of stress experience.
Biomineralization of ordered dolomite and magnesian calcite by the green alga Spirogyra
Authors: del Buey Pablo , Sanz‐Montero M. Esther
Published: October 2022

The formation of ordered dolomite under Earth's surface conditions remains a challenge, although many researchers have now shown that microbes can facilitate the precipitation of this common mineral. This study provides the first evidence of dolomite biomineralization by the green alga Spirogyra (Zygnematales, Chlorophyta), a globally dispersed lacustrine genus. Microbial mats formed by Spirogyra occur in the hyperalkaline and ephemeral lake Caballo Alba, located in Central Spain and characterized by water solutions with high Mg/Ca ratios. Microscopic, geochemical, mineralogical and cytochemical studies have shown that accumulations of carbonates occur within different cells and locations of the alga. Biominerals mostly consist of single crystals of magnesian calcite and dolomite with variable proportions of Ca2+ and Mg2+. High‐resolution transmission electron microscopy and selected area electron diffraction patterns of the carbonates confirm the pervasive presence of super‐lattice reflections typical of ordered dolomite in compositions with greater than 32 mol% MgCO3. The curved surfaces of some carbonate crystals and their attachment to the organic surfaces represent imprints of a confined growth in compartments that act as a template for crystal nucleation and shape the crystals. Dyes reveal chemical differences in these compartments which explain the polymineral biomineralization and suggest that the alga do not strictly control the precipitation process. Zygnematales algae related with Spirogyra date back possibly to the Early Palaeozoic, thus suggesting that dolomite biomineralization could have been a common process through the Phanerozoic. This discovery provides new insight into the biotic formation of orderly dolomite and aids in the reconstructions of past lacustrine environments of dolomite deposition.
The facilitated sensemaking model as a framework for nursing intervention on family members of mechanically ventilated patients in the intensive care unit
Authors: Huang HaiQun , Dong HaiYan , Guan XiaoYue , Zhang Li , Zhou Qing
Published: October 2022

Background

Adverse psychological outcomes are prevalent among family members of intensive care unit (ICU) patients. The facilitated sensemaking model (FSM) provides a framework for understanding how intensive care nurses can help these family members overcome situations in which a loved one is critically ill, and reduce adverse psychological outcomes through the facilitated sensemaking process.

Aims

This study aimed to implement FSM‐based research performed by ICU nurses and patients' family members to investigate the impact of the facilitated sensemaking intervention on the psychological status of ICU families.

Methods

The intervention was performed by nurses on 80 family members of mechanically ventilated patients, 40 in the control group and 40 in the experimental group. The control group only received routine medical services, while the experimental group received the nursing intervention based on FSM in addition to routine medical services. Anxiety, depression, and post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) were measured with the Self‐Rating Anxiety Scale, Self‐Rating Depression Scale, and Post‐Traumatic Stress Disorder Check‐List‐Civilian Version (PCL‐C), respectively. SPSS version 25.0 was applied to analyze the data; what is more, some statistical methods, including descriptive statistical analysis, chi‐square test and t‐test were further adopted.

Results

Before the intervention, there were no significant differences in anxiety, depression, and PTSD of family members of ICU mechanical ventilation patients between the two groups (p > .05). After the intervention, the score of anxiety, depression, and PTSD of family members in the control group and the experimental group were 41.50 ± 5.738 versus 36.50 ± 4.385, p < .001; 45.28 ± 8.089 versus 42.13 ± 5.725, p < .05; and 30.55 ± 7.595 versus 27.55 ± 4.696, p < .05, respectively. The nursing intervention based on FSM significantly alleviated anxiety, depression, and PTSD of mechanical ventilation patients' family members.

Linking evidence to action

The nursing intervention based on FSM significantly alleviated anxiety, depression, and PTSD of mechanical ventilation patients' family members. However, there was only a statistically significant difference in the avoidance and numbness symptom cluster of PTSD via the PCL‐C. Therefore, the observation time after the implementation of the FSM intervention needs to be extended in the future to clarify the effect of the intervention. Further efforts by advanced practice nurses and the cooperation of patients' families are required to incorporate this intervention into ICU practice.
The need for standardised methods of data collection, sharing of data and agency coordination in humanitarian settings
Authors: Shalash Aisha , Abu-Rmeileh Niveen M E , Kelly Dervla , Elmusharaf Khalifa
Published: October 2022

Humanitarian crises and emergencies are prevalent all over the world. With a surge in crises in the last decade, humanitarian agencies have increased their presence in these areas. Initiatives such as the Sphere Project and the Minimum Initial Service Package known as MISP were formed to set standards and priorities for humanitarian assistance agencies. MISP was initiated to coordinate and standardise data and collection methods and involve locals for programme sustainability. Developing policies and programmes based on available data in humanitarian crises is necessary to make evidence-based decisions. Data sharing between humanitarian agencies increases the effectiveness of rapid responses and limits duplication of services and research. In addition, standardising data collection methods helps alleviate the risk of inaccurate information and allows for comparison and estimates among different settings. Big data is a new collection method that can help assemble timely data if resources are available and turn the data into information. Further research on setting priority indicators for humanitarian situations can help guide agencies to collect quality data.
How political engineering can make health a bridge to peace: lessons from a Primary Health Care Project in Myanmar’s border areas
Authors: Décobert Anne , Traill Tom , Thura Si , Richards Adam
Published: October 2022

This case study analyses a health project that focused on peacebuilding in addition to service provision, and the impacts of this dual focus in contested territories of Southeast Myanmar. The Swiss-funded Primary Health Care Project provided equal funds to both ‘sides’ in a decades-long conflict, and brought people together in ways designed to build trust. The case study demonstrates that health can play a valuable role in peace formation, if relationships are engineered in a politically sensitive way, at the right time. Whereas much of the literature on ‘health as a bridge to peace’ focuses on theapoliticalin health, here the explicitlypoliticalapproach and the deliberate adoption of neutrality as a tool for engaging with different parties were what enabled health to contribute to peace, using a political window of opportunity created by ceasefires and the beginnings of democratic transition in Myanmar. We argue that this approach was essential for health to contribute to bottom-up processes of peace formation—though the scope of the gains is necessarily limited. Crises like the COVID-19 pandemic and military coup in Myanmar can undermine the resilience and limit the impacts of such endeavours, yet there is reason to be hopeful about the small but significant contributions that can be made to peace through politically sensitive health projects.
A missing piece in the Health for Peace agenda: gender diverse leadership and governance
Authors: Meagher Kristen , Mkhallalati Hala , El Achi Nassim , Patel Preeti
Published: October 2022

The purpose of this paper is to explore how gender diverse leadership and governance of health systems may contribute to the Health for Peace Agenda. Despite recent momentum, the evidence base to support, implement and evaluate ‘Health for Peace’ programmes remains limited and policy-makers in conflict settings do not consider peace when developing and implementing interventions and health policies. Through this analysis, we found that gender diverse leadership in health systems during active conflict offers greater prospects for sustainable peace and more equitable social economic recovery in the post-conflict period. Therefore, focusing on gender diversity of leadership and governance in health systems strengthening offers a novel way of linking peace and health, particularly in active conflict settings. While components of health systems are beginning to incorporate a gender lens, there remains significant room for improvement particularly in complex and protracted conflicts. Two case studies are explored, north-west Syria and Afghanistan, to highlight that an all-encompassing health systems focus may provide an opportunity for further understanding the link between gender, peace and health in active conflict and advocate for long-term investment in systems impacted by conflict. This approach may enable women and gender minorities to have a voice in the decision-making of health programmes and interventions that supports systems, and enables the community-led and context-specific knowledge and action required to address the root causes of inequalities and inequities in systems and societies.
Effective Utilization of Synthesized FeS2 for Improving Output Performance of Polycrystalline Silicon Solar Cell
Authors: Chinnasamy Moganapriya , Rathanasamy Rajasekar , Sivaraj Santhosh , Velu Kaliyannan Gobinath , Palanisamy Manivasakan , Pal Samir Kumar , Uddin Md. Elias
Published: October 2022

Solar cells are capable of converting light energy into electrical energy and can completely replace the utilization of fossil fuel energy resources. The current research work majorly concentrates on the development and coating of antireflection materials over the front contact of silicon solar cells. Ferrous disulphide was one of the wide band gap semiconductors employed as a catalytic electrode (in DSSCs), counter electrode (in QDSSs), and solar energy harvester. FeS2 was synthesized through the hydrothermal method. The antireflective coating was performed over solar cells through the electrospraying technique. It was found that the antireflective material was distributed evenly over the coating substrate at 2 ml/h for 30 (F1), 60 (F2), 90 (F3), and 120 (F4) min. The coated solar cells were examined under neodymium light illumination mimicking sunlight. The effect of electrosprayed FeS2 films adhered over the front contact of solar cells was evaluated using various characterization techniques. The maximum efficiency attained by coated solar cells under indirect light was 19.6%. With the aid of electrospraying, hydrothermally synthesized FeS2 assists incoming photons with energy greater than the bandgap of a procured Si solar cell to take part in the photogeneration process. The maximum Isc and Voc of 38.08 mA/cm2 and 0.655 V were achieved for the F3 solar cell under neodymium irradiation.
Comprehensively Summarizing What Distracts Students from Online Learning: A Literature Review
Authors: Wang Chenghao
Published: October 2022

As online learning becomes an indispensable component of the current education system, students benefit from the advantages of online education. At the same time, students are also facing more challenges during online learning. Multitasking, mind-wandering, and using digital devices are the extensively discussed types of distractions that detriment students’ learning performance by impairing their focused attention. However, the consensus on the definition of distraction and what represents distraction during online learning are still lacking. This literature review develops a comprehensive definition of distraction, summarizes three main types of distraction (multitasking, mind-wandering, and using digital devices), and proposes two new types of distraction (unexpected interruption and consistent interference). Since the detrimental effects of distraction on online learning are salient, more explorations on helping students to resist distractions and maintain focused attention are imperative for future studies.
In Silico Analysis on the Interaction of Haloacid Dehalogenase from Bacillus cereus IndB1 with 2-Chloroalkanoic Acid Substrates
Authors: Ratnaningsih Enny , Saepulloh Saepulloh
Published: October 2022

Recently, haloacid dehalogenases have gained a lot of interest because of their potential applications in bioremediation and synthesis of chemical products. The haloacid dehalogenase gene from Bacillus cereus IndB1 (bcfd1) has been isolated, expressed, and Bcfd1 enzyme activity towards monochloroacetic acid has been successfully studied. However, the structure, enantioselectivity, substrate range, and essential residues of Bcfd1 have not been elucidated. This research performed computational studies to predict the Bcfd1 protein structure and analyse the interaction of Bcfd1 towards several haloacid substrates to comprehend their enantioselectivity and substrates’ range. Structure prediction revealed that Bcfd1 protein consist of two domains. The main domain consists of seven β-sheets connected by six α-helices and four 310-helices forming a Rossmannoid fold. On the other hand, the cap domain consists of five β-sheets connected by five α-helices. The docking simulation showed that 2-chloroalkanoic acids bind to the active site of Bcfd1 with docking energy decreases as the length of their alkyl chain increases. The docking simulation also indicated that the docking energy differences of two enantiomers of 2-chloroalkanoic acids substrates were not significant. Further analysis revealed the role of Met1, Asp2, Cys33, and Lys204 residues in orienting the carboxylic group of 2-chloroalkanoic acids in the active site of this enzyme through hydrogen bonds. This research proved that computational studies could be used to figure out the effect of substrates enantiomer and length of carbon skeleton to Bcfd1 affinity toward 2-chloroalkanoic acids.
Online Control Method of Small- and Medium-Sized Electromechanical Equipment Based on Deep Neural Network
Authors: Yang Mengmeng , Deng Sanxing , Zhao Zhizheng
Published: October 2022

In order to improve the online control effect of small- and medium-sized electromechanical equipment, this paper studies the online control method of small- and medium-sized electromechanical equipment combined with the deep audit network. Moreover, starting from the signal basis of online control signal recognition and channel coding recognition of electromechanical equipment, this paper determines the type of online control signal and channel coding type of electromechanical equipment required for the experiment. This paper compares the signals under different types of online control signals for electromechanical devices and clarifies the differences in amplitude, frequency, phase, and spectrum in time-domain waveforms. In addition, through the elaboration of different channel coding theories, this paper clarifies the differences in coding methods. Through the experimental research, it can be seen that the online control effect of the small- and medium-sized electromechanical equipment based on the deep neural network proposed in this paper is very good.
Influence of Carbon Nanotubes on Enhancement of Sliding Wear Resistance of Plasma-Sprayed Yttria-Stabilised Zirconia Coatings
Authors: Kalangi Chaithanya , Bolleddu Venkateshwarlu
Published: October 2022

An experimental investigation was performed to study the performance of thermally sprayed yttria stabilised zirconia (YSZ) coatings obtained with the reinforcement of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) in different weight percentage proportions. The atmospheric plasma spray (APS) method was used to deposit YSZ + CNTs at three different weight proportions on low carbon steel (AISI 1020) following the industrial standard procedure. The quality of thermally sprayed coatings was evaluated to report on percentage porosity (ASTM B276), sliding wear resistance (ASTM G133-05), and metallurgical bonding of the coating with the substrate material. From this investigation results, it has been confirmed that the thickness of the coatings is almost uniform, and the percentage porosity is decreased with an increase in CNTs weight percentage proportion. ImageJ software has confirmed the presence of CNTs in the ceramic deposit, and also uniform distribution throughout the coating. Subsequently, the metallurgical bonding of the deposit is also ensured and confirmed that the deposit adheres on the substrate. The hardness of the coating found increased with the increase in CNTs proportion as 554 Hv with 1 wt.% CNTs, 805 Hv with 3 wt.% CNTs, and 933 Hv with 5 wt.% CNTs in thermally sprayed YSZ. The results obtained are highly appreciable when compared to the hardness (454 Hv) of thermally sprayed pure YSZ coating. From results of wear tests, it was found that at slow speed (i.e., 319 rpm), the minimum mass loss was identified for all the three different combinations of CNTs reinforced coatings. However, 5 wt.% of CNTs in YSZ has very minimum wear at 5 kgf load and subsequently mass loss increased with the decrease in CNTs weight percentage proportion. Based on wear resistance, it was found that the 5 wt.% CNTs in YSZ has a maximum wear resistance. Severe wear scars and coating delamination in 1% CNTs reinforced coatings were identified from the microstructural analysis. Therefore, addition of CNTs in YSZ coatings has a significant impact over the wear resistance and mechanical properties improvement of the coatings.
Rural Acoustic Landscape Analysis Based on Segmentation and Extraction of Spectral Image Feature Information
Authors: Xiao Huijun , Huang Tangsen , Jiang Ensong
Published: October 2022

Spectrogram is an image that can record voice information, which can be analyzed by analyzing the received image. Spectrograms are used in mechanical fault diagnosis systems to answer questions such as the location, type, and extent of the fault. It is the main tool for analyzing vibration parameters. In actual use, there are three types of spectrograms, namely linear amplitude spectrum, logarithmic amplitude spectrum, and self-power spectrum. The ordinate of the linear amplitude spectrum has a clear physical dimension and is the most commonly used. In this paper, the feature extraction information of rural acoustic landscape is mainly carried out through spectral images, which can effectively improve the segmentation efficiency, ensure the integrity of information, and determine the feasibility of establishing acoustic landscape in rural areas. This article aims to study the analysis of rural acoustic landscape in Guilin, Guangxi, based on the segmentation and extraction of spectral image feature information, through the segmentation and extraction of spectral image feature information, and then analyze the advantages and disadvantages of rural acoustic landscape. In this article, the Gabor wavelet filtering method is proposed to filter and analyze the spectral image. Through the detailed analysis of the insect and bird calls of the forest community near the village of Guilin, Guangxi, finally, the satisfaction and attention of the rural villagers to the acoustic landscape are investigated. The experimental results show that the sound of insects and birds reaches the maximum in spring and the minimum in autumn and winter. Moreover, the attention of rural villagers to acoustic landscape is also very high, with satisfaction of 87.12% and attention of 92.68%.
Investigation on Seismic Response of Long‐Span Special Steel Truss Cable‐Stayed Bridge
Authors: Zeng Yong , Li Xueqin , Zeng Yutong
Published: October 2022

Due to the small self‐weight of the steel truss cable‐stayed bridge with a single tower and a single cable plane, the torsional stiffness and wind stability of the structure are reduced. The arrangement of the deck type makes the mechanical properties of the cable‐stayed bridge more complicated while reducing the cost and increasing the aesthetics. The effects of structural parameter variations and traveling wave effects on the seismic response of this steel truss cable‐stayed bridge with a single tower and a single cable plane were investigated by the nonlinear time‐history analysis method and nonuniform seismic analysis method. The results show that the displacement of the floating system under seismic action is larger than the other three systems, but its internal force is significantly smaller than the other three systems. The spectral characteristics and the duration of ground shaking have a greater influence on the maximum bending moment values corresponding to the height of the cable tower and the maximum axial force values of the main girder bars corresponding to the length of the bridge under earthquake action. The effect of steel truss girder stiffness parameter variations on structural internal forces of bridges and the effect of traveling wave effects on structural displacements of bridges in specific apparent wave velocity intervals do not exist universally.
Appraisal of Thermomechanical Performance of Aluminum Metal Matrix Composites Using Stir Casting Technique
Authors: Periasamy K. , Ganesh S. , Chandra Kumar S. , Nandhakumar S. , Thirugnanasambandham T. , Gurmesa Murtesa Dabesa
Published: October 2022

The advance of aluminum alloy-based matrix composites is becoming indispensable in several applications like automobiles, aerospace, electronics, and structural industries due to the benefits over conventional materials such as lightweight, high strength, and high hardness value. The main aim of the work is to study the thermomechanical characteristics (heat transfer rate, convective heat transfer coefficient, and tensile strength) of an aluminum (AA7075) alloy nanocomposite containing 0 wt%, 3 wt%, 6 wt%, and 9 wt% of nano SiC particles (50 nm) by the stir casting technique. The thermomechanical performance of AA7075 alloy nanocomposite is obtained by pin fin apparatus and followed by ASTM test standards. The composite contained 9 wt% nano SiC and was found to have superior thermomechanical characteristics.