bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Investigation on the Coaxial-Annulus-Argon-Assisted Water-Jet-Guided Laser Machining of Hard-to-Process Materials
Authors: Li Yuan , Wang Shuiwang , Ding Ye , Cheng Bai , Xie Wanda , Yang Lijun
Published: August 2023

In this study, the novel coaxial-annulus-argon-assisted (CAAA) atmosphere is proposed to enhance the machining capacity of the water-jet-guided laser (WJGL) when dealing with hard-to-process materials, including ceramic matrix composites (CMCs) and chemical-vapor-deposition (CVD) diamond. A theoretical model was developed to describe the two-phase flow of argon and the water jet. Simulations and experiments were conducted to analyze the influence of argon pressure on the working length of the WJGL beam, drainage circle size, and extreme scribing depth on ceramic matrix composite (CMC) substrates. A comparative experiment involving coaxial annulus and helical atmospheres revealed that the coaxial annulus atmosphere disrupts the water jet proactively, while effectively maintaining the core velocity within the confined working length and enhancing the processing capability of the WJGL beam. Single-point percussion drilling experiments were performed on a CMC substrate to evaluate the impact of machining parameters on hole morphology. The maximum depth-to-width ratio of the groove and depth-to-diameter ratio of the hole reached up to 41.2 and 40.7, respectively. The thorough holes produced by the CAAAWJGL demonstrate superior roundness and minimal thermal damage, such as fiber drawing and delamination. The average tensile strength and fatigue life of the CMCs specimens obtained through CAAAWJGL machining reached 212.6 MPa and 89,463.8 s, exhibiting higher machining efficiency and better mechanical properties compared to femtosecond (194.2 MPa; 72,680.2 s) and picosecond laser (198.6 MPa; 80,451.4 s) machining. Moreover, groove arrays with a depth-to-width ratio of 11.5, good perpendicularity, and minimal defects on a CVD diamond were fabricated to highlight the feasibility of the proposed machining technology.
A PDMS–Agar Hybrid Microfluidic Device for the Investigation of Chemical–Mechanical Associative Learning Behavior of C. elegans
Authors: Zhu Jinchi , Wang Yu , Tang Shuting , Su Huiying , Wang Xixian , Du Wei , Wang Yun , Liu Bi-Feng
Published: August 2023

Associative learning is a critical survival trait that promotes behavioral plasticity in response to changing environments. Chemosensation and mechanosensation are important sensory modalities that enable animals to gather information about their internal state and external environment. However, there is a limited amount of research on these two modalities. In this paper, a novel PDMS–agar hybrid microfluidic device is proposed for training and analyzing chemical–mechanical associative learning behavior in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. The microfluidic device consisted of a bottom agar gel layer and an upper PDMS layer. A chemical concentration gradient was generated on the agar gel layer, and the PDMS layer served to mimic mechanical stimuli. Based on this platform, C. elegans can perform chemical–mechanical associative learning behavior after training. Our findings indicated that the aversive component of training is the primary driver of the observed associative learning behavior. In addition, the results indicated that the neurotransmitter octopamine is involved in regulating this associative learning behavior via the SER-6 receptor. Thus, the microfluidic device provides a highly efficient platform for studying the associative learning behavior of C. elegans, and it may be applied in mutant screening and drug testing.
Main-Group Metal Complexes of Benzene: Predicted Features of Stabilization and Isomerization
Authors: Naumkin Fedor Y.
Published: August 2023

Complexes of metal atoms with organic molecules represent a broad variety of systems with many important applications, e.g., in metal–organic interfaces and organometallic chemistry. One class involves aromatic species like benzene (Bz). Here, such complexes with second-group metals are investigated systematically in terms of structure and shape, stability and isomerization, charge distribution and aromaticity, and polarity and IR spectra. Three groups of isomers are identified, varying from metastable to stable ones, in effect featuring “physisorption” or “chemisorption”. In particular, the high polarity of binary complexes and nonadditive stabilization of ternary systems for some isomers are found. Also, the Bz component’s shape alteration for different isomers and system sizes and related aromaticity variations are predicted to be considerable. Property evolution for the series of metal components is analyzed.
Spin-Labeled Diclofenac: Synthesis and Interaction with Lipid Membranes
Authors: Baranov Denis S. , Kashnik Anna S. , Atnyukova Anastasiya N. , Dzuba Sergei A.
Published: August 2023

Diclofenac is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) from the group of phenylacetic acid derivatives, which has analgesic, anti-inflammatory and antipyretic properties. The interaction of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs with cell membranes can affect their physicochemical properties, which, in turn, can cause a number of side effects in the use of these drugs. Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy could be used to study the interaction of diclofenac with a membrane, if its spin-labeled analogs existed. This paper describes the synthesis of spin-labeled diclofenac (diclofenac-SL), which consists of a simple sequence of transformations such as iodination, esterification, Sonogashira cross-coupling, oxidation and saponification. EPR spectra showed that diclofenac-SL binds to a lipid membrane composed of palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (POPC). 2H electron spin echo spectroscopy (ESEEM) was used to determine the position of the diclofenac-SL relative to the membrane surface. It was established that its average depth of immersion corresponds to the 5th position of the carbon atom in the lipid chain.
Preface to the Special Issue “Glutathione: Chemistry and Biochemistry”
Authors: Perjési Pál
Published: August 2023

This year we celebrate the 135th anniversary of the discovery of glutathione (L-γ-glutamyl-L-cysteinyl-glycine) [...]
International Comparison, Risk Assessment, and Prioritisation of 26 Endocrine Disrupting Compounds in Three European River Catchments in the UK, Ireland, and Spain
Authors: Rapp-Wright Helena , Rodríguez-Mozaz Sara , Álvarez-Muñoz Diana , Barceló Damià , Regan Fiona , Barron Leon P. , White Blánaid
Published: August 2023

Endocrine-disrupting compounds (EDCs) constitute a wide variety of chemistries with diverse properties that may/can pose risks to both humans and the environment. Herein, a total of 26 compounds, including steroids, flame retardants, and plasticizers, were monitored in three major and heavily urbanized river catchments: the R. Liffey (Ireland), the R. Thames (UK), and the R. Ter (Spain), by using a single solid-phase extraction liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (SPE-LC-MS/MS) method. Occurrence and frequency rates were investigated across all locations over a 10-week period, with the highest concentration obtained for the flame retardant tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP) at 4767 ng∙L−1 in the R. Thames in Central London. Geographical variations were observed between sites and were partially explained using principal component analysis (PCA) and hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA). In particular, discrimination between the R. Ter and the R. Thames was observed based on the presence and concentration of flame retardants, benzotriazole, and steroids. Environmental risk assessment (ERA) across sites showed that caffeine, a chemical marker, and bisphenol A (BPA), a plasticizer, were classified as high-risk for the R. Liffey and R. Thames, based on relative risk quotients (rRQs), and that caffeine was classified as high-risk for the R. Ter, based on RQs. The total risks at each location, namely ΣRQriver, and ΣrRQriver, were: 361, 455, and 723 for the rivers Liffey, Thames, and Ter, respectively. Caffeine, as expected, was ubiquitous in all 3 urban areas, though with the highest RQ observed in the R. Ter. High contributions of BPA were also observed across the three matrices. Therefore, these two compounds should be prioritized independently of location. This study represents a comprehensive EDC monitoring comparison between different European cities based on a single analytical method, which allowed for a geographically independent ERA prioritization to be performed.
Lifestyle Modification: Evaluation of the Effects of Physical Activity and Low-Glycemic-Index Mediterranean Diet on Fibrosis Score
Authors: Curci Ritanna , Bianco Antonella , Franco Isabella , Bonfiglio Caterina , Campanella Angelo , Mirizzi Antonella , Giannuzzi Vito , Cozzolongo Raffaele , Veronese Nicola , Osella Alberto Ruben
Published: August 2023

Background: Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) is one the most prevalent causes of chronic liver disease worldwide. In the absence of an approved drug treatment, lifestyle modification is the first intervention strategy. This study aimed to estimate the main effect of two different physical activity (PA) programs, and a Low-Glycemic-Index Mediterranean Diet (LGIMD), or their combined effect on liver fibrosis parameters in subjects with NAFLD. Methods: Subjects with moderate or severe NAFLD grade of severity (n = 144) were randomly assigned to six intervention arms for three months: LGIMD, PA programs, and their combination. Data were collected at baseline, 45 days, and 90 days. Transient elastography was performed to assess the outcome. Results: at 90 days, a statistically significant reduction in kPa was found among subjects following LGMID (−2.85, 95% CI −5.24, −0.45) and those following an LGIMD plus PA1 (−2.37, 95% CI −4.39, −0.35) and LGIMD plus Pa2 (−2.21, 95% CI −4.10, −0.32). The contrast between time 2 and time 1 of the LGIMD plus PA2 treatment showed a statistically significant increase, and vice versa: the contrast between time 3 and time 2 of the same treatment showed a statistically significant reduction. The PA1 and PA2 arms also showed reduced kPa, although the results did not reach statistical significance. Conclusions: The intervention arms, LGIMD, LGIMD+PA1, and LGIMD+PA2, reduced the fibrosis score.
Dietary Patterns and the Prevalence of Noncommunicable Diseases in the PURE Poland Study Participants
Authors: Różańska Dorota , Kujawa Krzysztof , Szuba Andrzej , Zatońska Katarzyna , Regulska-Ilow Bożena
Published: August 2023

The aim of the study was to analyze the association between dietary patterns (DP) identified in the group of Lower Silesia (Poland) inhabitants and the prevalence of selected noncommunicable diseases, such as total cardiovascular diseases (CVD), hypertension, diabetes, impaired fasting glucose (IFG), visceral obesity, and excessive body weight. This study involved 2023 subjects aged 35–70 years, from Wroclaw and surrounding villages. The assessment of food intake in the study group was assessed using the standardized Food Frequency Questionnaire. Dietary patterns were identified using the principal components analysis (PCA) with varimax rotation. Three dietary patterns were identified in the study group: unhealthy, healthy, and traditional. The prevalence of hypertension, diabetes, IFG, and visceral obesity decreased across the quartiles of healthy DP. Prevalence of IFG increased across the quartiles of unhealthy DP, but the prevalence of hypertension decreased. When the diet was more adherent to the traditional DP the prevalence of CVD, diabetes, IFG, visceral obesity, obesity, and being overweight was higher. DP abundant in fruits, vegetables, seeds, nuts, raisins, and unrefined grains, named “healthy dietary pattern”, had a beneficial association with lower prevalence of selected noncommunicable diseases. DP abundant in meat products, but poor in fruits and vegetables were positively associated with higher prevalence of total CVD, diabetes, IFG, excessive body weight, and visceral obesity.
In Vitro Analyses of the Multifocal Effects of Natural Alkaloids Berberine, Matrine, and Tabersonine against the O’nyong-nyong Arthritogenic Alphavirus Infection and Inflammation
Authors: Sandenon Seteyen Anne-Laure , Guiraud Pascale , Gasque Philippe , Girard-Valenciennes Emmanuelle , Sélambarom Jimmy
Published: August 2023

O’nyong-nyong virus (ONNV) is a member of the reemerging arthritogenic alphaviruses that cause chronic debilitating polyarthralgia and/or polyarthritis via their tropism for the musculoskeletal system. Thus, the discovery of dual antiviral and anti-inflammatory drugs is a great challenge in this field. We investigated the effects of the common plant-derived alkaloids berberine (isoquinoline), matrine (quinolizidine), and tabersonine (indole) at a non-toxic concentration (10 μM) on a human fibroblast cell line (HS633T) infected by ONNV (MOI 1). Using qRT-PCR analyses, we measured the RNA levels of the gene coding for the viral proteins and for the host cell immune factors. These alkaloids demonstrated multifocal effects by the inhibition of viral replication, as well as the regulation of the type-I interferon antiviral signaling pathway and the inflammatory mediators and pathways. Berberine and tabersonine proved to be the more valuable compounds. The results supported the proposal that these common alkaloids may be useful scaffolds for drug discovery against arthritogenic alphavirus infection.
Influence of Different Diets on the Degradation of Sulfasalazine by Colon Bacteria Determined Using MimiCol3
Authors: Seradj Dariah-Sohreh , Beeck Regine , Haase Annika , Krause Julius , Schick Philipp , Weitschies Werner
Published: August 2023

The microbiome of the colon is characterized by its great diversity. This varies not only intra- but also interindividually and is influenced by endogenous and exogenous factors, such as dietary and lifestyle factors. The aim of this work was to investigate the extent to which the degradation of the drug sulfasalazine is influenced by different microbiota. Therefore, the in vitro model MimiCol3 was used, which represents the physiological conditions of the ascending colon. In addition to a representative physiological volume, the pH value, redox potential and an anaerobic atmosphere are important to provide the bacteria with the best possible growth conditions. Stool samples were taken from three healthy subjects, comparing omnivorous, vegetarian and meat-rich diets, and cultured for 24 h. However, the nutrient medium used for cultivation led to the alignment of the bacterial composition of the microbiota. The previously observed differences between the diets could not be maintained. Nevertheless, the similar degradation of sulfasalazine was observed in all microbiota studied in MimiCol3. This makes MimiCol3 a suitable in vitro model for metabolism studies in the gut microbiome.
Herb-Induced Liver Injury by Ayurvedic Ashwagandha as Assessed for Causality by the Updated RUCAM: An Emerging Cause
Authors: Bokan Goran , Glamočanin Tanja , Mavija Zoran , Vidović Bojana , Stojanović Ana , Björnsson Einar S. , Vučić Vesna
Published: August 2023

Herb-induced liver injury (HILI) caused by herbal supplements, natural products, and products used in traditional medicine are important for differential diagnoses in patients with acute liver injury without an obvious etiology. The root of Withania somnifera (L.) Dunal, commonly known as ashwagandha, has been used in Ayurvedic medicine for thousands of years to promote health and longevity. Due to various biological activities, ashwagandha and its extracts became widespread as herbal supplements on the global market. Although it is generally considered safe, there are several reported cases of ashwagandha-related liver injury, and one case ended with liver transplantation. In this paper, we review all reported cases so far. Additionally, we describe two new cases of ashwagandha hepatotoxicity. In the first case, a 36-year-old man used ashwagandha capsules (450 mg, three times daily) for 6 months before he developed nausea, pruritus, and dark-colored urine. In the second case, a 30-year-old woman developed pruritus after 45 days of using ashwagandha capsules (450 mg). In both cases, serum bilirubin and liver enzymes (aspartate transaminase (AST), alanine transaminase (ALT), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) were increased. The liver injury pattern was hepatocellular (R-value 11.1) and mixed (R-value 2.6), respectively. The updated Roussel Uclaf Causality Assessment Method (RUCAM) (both cases with a score of seven) indicated a “probable” relationship with ashwagandha. Clinical and liver function improvements were observed after the discontinuation of ashwagandha supplement use. By increasing the data related to ashwagandha-induced liver injury, these reports support that consuming ashwagandha supplements is not without its safety concerns.
Adjuvanted-SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein-Based Microparticulate Vaccine Delivered by Dissolving Microneedles Induces Humoral, Mucosal, and Cellular Immune Responses in Mice
Authors: Patil Smital , Vijayanand Sharon , Menon Ipshita , Gomes Keegan Braz , Kale Akanksha , Bagwe Priyal , Yacoub Shadi , Uddin Mohammad N. , D’Souza Martin J.
Published: August 2023

COVID-19 continues to cause an increase in the number of cases and deaths worldwide. Due to the ever-mutating nature of the virus, frequent vaccination against COVID-19 is anticipated. Most of the approved SARS-CoV-2 vaccines are administered using the conventional intramuscular route, causing vaccine hesitancy. Thus, there is a need for an effective, non-invasive vaccination strategy against COVID-19. This study evaluated the synergistic effects of a subunit microparticulate vaccine delivered using microneedles. The microparticles encapsulated a highly immunogenic subunit protein of the SARS-CoV-2 virus, such as the spike protein’s receptor binding domain (RBD). Adjuvants were also incorporated to enhance the spike RBD-specific immune response. Our vaccination study reveals that a microneedle-based vaccine delivering these microparticles induced spike RBD-specific IgM, IgG, IgG1, IgG2a, and IgA antibodies. The vaccine also generated high levels of CD4+ and CD8a+ molecules in the secondary lymphoid organs. Overall, dissolving microneedles delivery spike RBD antigen in microparticulate form induced a robust immune response, paving the way for an alternative self-administrable, non-invasive vaccination strategy against COVID-19.
Research on the Friction Noise Generation Mechanism and Suppression Method of Submarine Rubber-Based Propeller Bearings—A Review
Authors: Cai Cunguang , Cheng Yuqiang , Shuai Changgeng
Published: August 2023

This article introduces the main mechanisms of friction noise generated by submarine rubber-based propeller bearings and analyzes their respective scope of application and limitations. Then, the research on suppressing friction noise through the optimization of the structure and improvement of materials of rubber-based propeller bearings is discussed. Finally, the article summarizes a promising research direction aimed at eliminating friction noise in submarine rubber-based propeller bearings. By improving the structure and materials, the friction noise of propeller bearings can be effectively suppressed, thereby improving the deterrence and stealth performance of submarines.
MWCNT-Coated Glass Fabric/Phenol Composite Heating Panel Fabricated by Resin Infusion Process
Authors: Choi Seongpil , Park Juyeop , Kang Donghoon , Lee Sang-Eui
Published: August 2023

MWCNTs (multiwalled carbon nanotubes) were applied to fiber-reinforced composite materials with phenolic resin having flame retardance for the composite heating panels of railroad vehicles. Instead of dispersing MWCNTs in the matrix, the surface of a pristine plain-weave glass fiber fabric was coated with MWCNTs through a series of dip-coating and drying processes, followed by the resin infusion of the phenolic resin to make the composite heating panel. Before and after the resin infusion process, low percolation thresholds of 0.00216 wt%MWCNT (weight percent of MWCNTs) and 0.001 wt%MWCNT, respectively, were achieved, as were very high electrical conductivities of 47.5 S/m at 0.210 wt%MWCNT and 26.7 S/m at 0.116 wt%, respectively. The low threshold and high conductivity can be attributed to the formation of electrical pathways directly onto the glass fabrics. It was confirmed that mechanical properties such as modulus, strength, and maximum strain were at the same level as those of the pristine glass fabric composite. The heating performance with temperature uniformity, as well as the electrical and mechanical properties, indicates that the resin-infused glass fabric composite having MWCNTs directly coated onto the fabric surface can be a solution for lightweight structural composite heating panels for railway vehicles.
Thioether-Containing Zirconium(Alkoxy)Siloxanes: Synthesis and Study of Dielectric and Mechanical Properties of Silica-Filled Polydimethylsiloxane Compositions Cured by Them
Authors: Tarasenkov Alexander N. , Parshina Maria S. , Goncharuk Galina P. , Borisov Kirill M. , Golubev Evgeniy K. , Meshkov Ivan B. , Cherkaev Georgiy V. , Shevchenko Vitaliy G. , Ponomarenko Sergey A. , Muzafarov Aziz M.
Published: August 2023

A number of thioether-containing zirconium siloxanes, differing in their composition and metal atom shielding degree with a siloxy substituent, were synthesized and characterized. Synthesis of such compounds made it possible to evaluate the effect of sulfur atoms’ presence in the cured compositions on their dielectric properties, as well as to evaluate their curing ability and influence on mechanical characteristics compared to the sulfur-free analogs obtained earlier. Studying a wide range of compositions differing in their content and ratio of metallosiloxane and silica components revealed that such systems are still typical dielectrics. At the same time, the introduction of thioether groups can provide increased dielectric constant and conductivity in comparison with previously obtained sulfur-free similar compositions in the <102 Hz frequency range (dielectric constant up to ~10–30 at frequency range 1–10 Hz). As before, the dielectric parameters increase is directly determined by the silica component proportion in the cured material. It is also shown that varying sulfur-containing zirconium siloxanes structure and functionality and its combination with previously obtained sulfur–free analogs, along with varying the functionality and rubber chain length, can be an effective tool for changing the dielectric and mechanical material parameters in a wide range (tensile strength 0.5–7 Mpa, elastic deformation 2–300%), which determine the prospects for the use of such cured systems as dielectric elastomers for various purposes.
Study on Mechanical Properties of Carbon Nanotube Reinforced Composites
Authors: Li Zhouyi , Liu Haoran , Li Yuan
Published: August 2023

In this study, carbon fiber composite laminates were modified by carbon nanotube films. In-plane and out-of-plane compression tests were carried out in a wide strain rate range (10−3–103/s). Results display that the out-of-plane compressive properties are improved by CNT interlaminar toughening because CNT can hinder the propagation of interlayer cracks; however, the dynamic in-plane compression performance is decreased due to the lack of resin in CNT film that leads to delamination inside of CNT film in advance. To optimize the material preparation process, two methods were used to prepare the mode I fracture test: (a) curing the prepreg by autoclave process; and (b) curing of resin preform by vacuum resin-transmitted molding (VARTM). Results showed that CNT prolonged the crack propagation path and improved the interlaminar fracture properties when the preform was infiltrated with resin and cured by VARTM. In addition, it was found that the interlaminar thickness was almost linear with the number of CNT layers.
Excellent Characteristics of Environmentally Friendly 3D-Printed Nasopharyngeal Swabs for Medical Sample Collection
Authors: Mamba’udin Ahmad , Handayani Murni , Triawan Farid , Rahmayanti Yosephin Dewiani , Muflikhun Muhammad Akhsin
Published: August 2023

3D-printed nasopharyngeal swabs for medical sample collection have been manufactured via additive manufacturing (AM), evaluated, and characterized in the present study. A multi-part component of nasopharyngeal swabs was proposed, in which the swab and handle were manufactured separately to reach sustainable production and environmentally friendly products. The swab was investigated using tensile, flexural, surface roughness, dimensional accuracy, and sample collection testing. The influence of printing parameters and post-curing time treatment on the mechanical properties, surface roughness, and dimensional accuracy of 3D-printed nasopharyngeal swabs were also evaluated. The result showed that 3D-printed nasopharyngeal swab shows outstanding tensile strength compared to the commercial flock nasopharyngeal swab. Moreover, the swab neck flexibility test showed that both PLA and dental non-castable 3D-printed nasopharyngeal swabs were able to bend 180°. Subsequently, the surface roughness of 3D-printed nasopharyngeal swab was identic with the commercial flock nasopharyngeal swab. The proposed 3D-printed nasopharyngeal swab design could carry an artificial mucus sample of 141.6 mg at a viscosity of 9455.4 mPa.s. The cost to fabricate a 3D-printed nasopharyngeal swab was estimated at USD0.01–0.02 per swab. 3D-printed nasopharyngeal swab shows potential as a feasible option, greener, less medical waste, and more sustainable.
Non-Conjugated Poly(Diphenylene Phthalide)—New Electroactive Material
Authors: Karamov Danfis D. , Galiev Azat F. , Lachinov Alexey A. , Davlyatgareev Khalim I. , Salazkin Sergey N. , Yakhin Artur R. , Lachinov Alexey N.
Published: August 2023

In organic electronics, conjugated conductive polymers are most widely used. The scope of their application is currently very wide. Non-conjugated polymers are used much less in electronics and are usually used as insulation materials or materials for capacitors. However, the potential of non-conjugated polymers is much wider, due to the fact that new electronic materials with unique electronic properties can be created on the basis of non-conjugated polymers, as well as other inorganic dielectrics. This article demonstrates the possibilities of creating electrically conductive materials with unique electronic parameters based on non-conjugated polymers. The results of the study of the sensory properties of humidity are given as examples of the practical application of the structure. The abnormal electronic properties are realized along the interface of two polymer dielectrics with functional polar groups. The submicron films of polydiphenylenephthalide were used as a dielectric. It is shown that a quasi-two-dimensional electronic structure with abnormally large values of conductivity and mobility of charge carriers occurs along the interface. These structures are often called quasi-two-dimensional electron gas (Q2DEG). This article describes the manufacturing processes of multielectrode devices. Polymer films are deposited via the spin-coating method with polymer solutions in cyclohexanone. The metal electrodes were manufactured through thermal deposition in a vacuum. Three types of metal electrodes made of aluminum, copper and chromium were used. The influence of the electron work function of contacting metals on the electronic parameters of the structure was studied. It was established that the work function decrease leads to an increase in the conductivity and mobility of charge carriers. The charge carrier parameters were estimated based on the analysis of the current-voltage characteristics within the space-charge-limited current technique. The Richardson-Schottky thermionic emission model was used to evaluate values a potential barrier at metal/organic interfaces. It was established that the change in ambient humidity strongly affects the electronic transport properties along the polymer/polymer interface. It is demonstrated that the increase in conductivity with an increase in humidity occurs due to an increase in the mobility of charge carriers and a decrease in the height of the potential barrier at the three-dimensional metal contact with two-dimensional polymer interface. The potential barrier between the electrode and the bulk of the polymer film is significantly higher than between the electrode and the quasi-two-dimensional polymer structure.
Ritual and Space: The Therapeutic Function of the Recitations of the Hexi Baojuan
Authors: Zhao Shichang
Published: August 2023

In the region where the Precious Scrolls of Hexi (Hexi Baojuan) are recited, people often use the Precious Scrolls (Baojuan) as a tool to pray for peace and happiness, to prevent plagues and calamities, and to heal ailments. By creating a sacred healing field, the rituals of Hexi Baojuan materialize, symbolize, and sanctify the space to expel disasters and cure illnesses. Through the mechanism of imagination and symbolism, its functions of averting disasters and curing diseases become apparent.
God or Self? The Re-Emergence of God in the Unconscious
Authors: Sneller Rico
Published: August 2023

Toward the end of the Age of Enlightenment, rationalism’s demise gradually entailed the transcendent God’s demise. In this article, I will draw on the resurfacing of God in the ensuing tradition of the unconscious. Whereas philosophers such as Schopenhauer or Eduard von Hartmann, undermining the alleged rational consciousness, assumed the existence of an impersonal, unconscious, yet collective will, others took one step back and maintained a higher yet individual “consciousness” beyond the threshold of sense perception. I am referring to the philosopher–spiritualist Carl du Prel (1833–1899), whose notion of a personal unconscious inaugurated both Freud’s and Jung’s “psychologies” of the unconscious. In many respects, Du Prel’s “personal unconscious” (“transcendental consciousness”) interestingly corresponds to the traditional conception of God; it is morally binding and has a cosmological impact. I will explore to what extent Carl du Prel, in his philosophy of the unconscious, allows for a re-emergence of God in the form of a personal unconscious. I will also try to specify the conditions of possibility for equating these unruly notions (“God” and “unconscious”). My question will be as follows: can we consider the personal unconscious (or transcendental consciousness), as developed in Carl du Prel’s work, as a re-emergence of a more traditional conception of a transcendent God in terms of reason and intelligibility?
Overcoming the Violence of “Virtuous” Womanhood: Liberating Women from the Proverbs 31 Paradigm
Authors: Allen-McLaurin Lisa
Published: August 2023

“Who can find a virtuous woman?” (Prov. 31:10 KJV). My entire life, I have heard and read messages about the “virtuous” woman, as depicted in Proverbs 31:10–31. Though many herald this character as the standard for godly women, I find her portrayal problematic. She is depicted as a one-dimensional worker bee, never engaged in rest, recreation, or relationship building. Further, her spiritual location and formation go unmentioned. How did such a limited illustration become the religious paradigm by which women and girls are measured? At its root is white supremacist, patriarchal, capitalistic misogyny (WSPCM), employed in churches to consign women to “safe”, secondary status while still using them as workhorses and sources of income to keep institutions viable. Once internalized, women and girls bear the crushing weight of an unhealthy, unattainable achievement, struggling to become a fictitious, unrealistic figure. In this article, I refute the WSPCM interpretation of the Proverbs 31 woman as the standard for faithful, Spirit-filled women, offering instead a liberative paradigm grounded in womanist hermeneutics, ethics, and spirituality. This approach provides a critique of and corrective for the oppressive, erroneous, and dangerous interpretations of “virtue” and “womanhood” that do violence to female personhood, especially in the name of religion.
Research on the Physical and Chemical Characteristics of Dust in Open Pit Coal Mine Crushing Stations and Closed Dust Reduction Methods
Authors: Liu Zhichao , Ao Zhongchen , Zhou Wei , Zhang Baowei , Niu Jingfu , Wang Zhiming , Liu Lijie , Yang Zexuan , Xu Kun , Lu Wenqi , Zhu Lixia
Published: August 2023

As an important link in open-pit mining production, the crushing station produces a large amount of dust during the production process. Dust has the characteristics of a wide spread area, great harm, and difficult governance. Therefore, dust control has become a key issue that needs to be solved in open-pit mining. In this article, we assess results after high-speed cameras and dust concentration detectors are installed around the crushing station to monitor the dust concentration in the surrounding air. It is found that in the air, dust with a particle size of less than 2.5 μm accounts for 67.43%, less than 10 μm accounts for 17.30%, and less than 100 μm accounts for 15.27%. In settled dust on the ground, particles with a particle size of less than 100 μm account for 42.69% of the sample, and particles less than 10 μm account for 16.60% of the sample. Secondly, physical and chemical properties testing is conducted on the dust. XRD test results show that SiO2 in the dust accounts for 65.80%; XRF test results show that the oxide Al2O3 in the dust accounts for up to 46.84%; ICP test results show that the element Al accounts for 42.62% of the total amount of trace elements detected; and Si accounts for 35.11%, clarifying the content of harmful substances to the human body. Finally, Fluent software, Ansys 2020 R1, is used to simulate the diffusion law of dust under different states of the crushing station, including an open state, a closed state, and the installation of a dust removal system. Based on the simulation results and the actual situation on site, the optimal dust reduction method suitable for the crushing station is proposed, and the diffusion law of dust under this method is simulated. The tracked dust shows that the dust removal efficiency of PM2.5 reaches 97.00%, PM10 reaches 99.60%, and TSP reaches 98.30%.
A Systematic Literature Review of Fashion, Sustainability, and Consumption Using a Mixed Methods Approach
Authors: Rahman Osmud , Hu Dingtao , Fung Benjamin C. M.
Published: August 2023

With the growing global awareness of the environmental impact of clothing consumption, there has been a notable surge in the publication of journal articles dedicated to “fashion sustainability” in the past decade, specifically from 2010 to 2020. However, despite this wealth of research, many studies remain disconnected and fragmented due to varying research objectives, focuses, and approaches. Conducting a systematic literature review with a mixed methods research approach can help identify key research themes, trends, and developmental patterns, while also shedding light on the complexity of fashion, sustainability, and consumption. To enhance the literature review and analytical process, the current systematic literature review employed text mining techniques and bibliometric visualization tools, including RAKE, VOSviewer, and CitNetExplorer. The findings revealed an increase in the number of publications focusing on “fashion and sustainability” between 2010 and 2021. Most studies were predominantly conducted in the United States, with a specific focus on female consumers. Moreover, a greater emphasis was placed on non-sustainable cues rather than the sustainable cues. Additionally, a higher number of case studies was undertaken to investigate three fast-fashion companies. To enhance our knowledge and understanding of this subject, this article highlights several valuable contributions and provides recommendations for future research.
Loneliness during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Comparison of Urban and Rural Areas
Authors: Sulemana Abdul-Salam , Nguyen Trinh Xuan Thi , Lal Sumeet , Khan Mostafa Saidur Rahim , Kadoya Yoshihiko
Published: August 2023

Although studies have explored how loneliness varies between rural and urban areas during the COVID-19 pandemic, the results have been inconsistent, and most studies are observational. Therefore, it remains unclear how urban–rural differences affected loneliness in a pandemic. Our study uses nationwide data to clarify this, covering periods before and during the pandemic. We analyze a longitudinal dataset from Hiroshima University’s Household Behavior and Finance Survey, which collected demographic, socioeconomic, and psychological characteristics of Japanese adults in 2020, 2021, and 2022, thus reflecting the COVID-19 pandemic timeline. The results show that approximately 50% of those surveyed experienced long-term loneliness, while about 6.5% developed loneliness during the pandemic. Although our weighted logit regression models showed few differences in loneliness during the pandemic between urban and rural areas, socioeconomic changes, such as beginning to live alone, leaving full-time employment, and decreased financial satisfaction, were identified as high-risk factors for loneliness, and their impact varied between rural and urban areas. Our results reflect that rural–urban differences have an effect on people’s loneliness during a pandemic but need to be considered together with socioeconomic changes. This knowledge can aid governments and healthcare providers in identifying those most at risk of loneliness within urban–rural regional boundaries.
Assessing the Determinants of Adopting Urban Tree Planting as Climate Change Mitigation Strategy in Enugu Metropolis, Nigeria
Authors: Apeh Chikamso Christian , Agbugba Ikechi Kelechi , Mdoda Lelethu
Published: August 2023

This study sought to explore the determinants of adopting urban tree planting as a method of reducing climate change in the metropolis of Enugu. The 823 respondents were chosen using a multistage random selection process. Logistic regression and descriptive statistics were employed in analysing the data. The study results indicated that the majority (53%) of the respondents were male, with an average age of 36 years. The majority of the households were aware of climate change, since they perceived extreme weather events like drought, a decrease in rainfall, and a rise in temperature. Moreover, the majority of the households experienced a decline in agricultural productivity, a reduction in farm returns, and a rise in unemployment during peak seasons. The mitigation strategy adopted by households for climate change is urban tree planting, and this contributes positively to livelihood improvement. Furthermore, the study results showed that the price of the tree, access to information on the changing climate, access to water, use and access of trees, and occupation positively influenced households’ decisions in adopting urban tree planting. Therefore, we recommend that stakeholders such as governments must promote the delivery of agricultural extension and advisory services by improving their climate information systems, among other strategies to boost their all-inclusive adaptation to the effects of climate change.
Analysis of Narrative Space in the Chinese Classical Garden Based on Narratology and Space Syntax—Taking the Humble Administrator’s Garden as an Example
Authors: Chen Huishu , Yang Li
Published: August 2023

Using the theory of Narratology and the analysis method of Space Syntax, the complex structure and plot of space in Chinese Classical Gardens (CCGs) are described and analysed, taking the Humble Administrator’s Garden as an example. The three elements of the garden’s spatial system (nodes, boundaries, and linkages) constitute the complexity and similarity of the garden’s spatial structure. Plaques, couplets, poems, and paintings serve as the narrative vocabulary of the gardens, bringing out the theme and sublimating space. The garden owner uses the garden’s physical space as a carrier, combining the text of the “stories within a story” with the spatial structure of the “gardens in a garden”. By visiting the garden over time, visitors complete the narrative of the garden’s plot space and receive the garden owner’s aspiration of “Reclusive”. The introduction of narrative theory and space syntax into the analysis of Chinese Classical Gardens (CCGs) not only provides a new means of insight into the space of CCGs, but also provides designers with an idea of how to create rich spatial variations and emotional experiences in architectural practice by skilfully using limited spatial resources
The Sustainability Index and Other Stability Analyses for Evaluating Superior Fe-Tolerant Rice (Oryza sativa L.)
Authors: Utami Dwinita Wikan , Maruapey Ajang , Maulana Haris , Sinaga Parlin Halomon , Basith Susilawati , Karuniawan Agung
Published: August 2023

Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is an important agricultural commodity in Indonesia. The combination of stability analysis on yields was considered accurate in selecting superior genotypes. The objectives of this study were as follows: identify the effects of genotypes, the environment, and their interactions (GEIs) on the yields of Fe-tolerant rice; select superior genotypes (stable and high yields) under diverse environment conditions in Indonesia; and determine the mega-environments (MEs) and representative environments for Fe-tolerant rice development. Fifteen genotypes of Fe-tolerant rice were used for this study. Field experiments were conducted at six experimental fields in Indonesia using a randomized block design with two replications. A combined analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to determine the effect of genotypes, the environment, and their interactions on Fe-tolerant rice yields. Parametric, non-parametric, AMMI (additive main effects and multiplicative interaction), GGE biplot, and SI (sustainability index) measurements were used to determine the superior genotypes. GGE biplot was also used to determine MEs and representative environments. The measurement results showed that genotypes, the environment, and their interactions significantly affected rice yields with contributions of 13.30%, 35.78%, and 50.92%, respectively. One superior Fe-tolerant rice genotype (stable and high yield) was selected based on all measurements, namely G4 (B14316E-KA-4). In this experiment, two MEs were generated. Lampung was identified as a representative environment for the development of superior genotypes. The results of this study can be used as a consideration in the release and development of new superior varieties of Fe-tolerant rice in Indonesia.
It Is Time to Synergize the Circularity of Circular Bioeconomy with Sustainability and Resiliency Principles
Authors: Nallapaneni Manoj Kumar , Haque Md Ariful , Patwary Sarif
Published: August 2023

Bioeconomy mainly refers to an economic system based on the sustainable production, conversion, and utilization of biological resources, such as crops, forests, fish, and microorganisms, to produce food, feed, energy, and other products [...]
Exploring Industry-Specific Research Themes on E-Waste: A Literature Review
Authors: Shams Hilal , Molla Altaf Hossain , Ab Rahman Mohd Nizam , Hishamuddin Hawa , Harun Zambri , Kumar Nallapaneni Manoj
Published: August 2023

The usance of electric and electronic products has become commonplace across the globe. The growing number of customers and the demand for these products are resulting in the manufacturing of new electrical and electronic products into the market, which is ultimately generating a plethora of e-waste. The notion of a circular economy (CE) is attracting more researchers to work in the growing field of e-waste management. Considering e-waste as a prominent menace, the objective of this study was to undertake a comprehensive review of the literature by analyzing the research articles published in the MDPI Sustainability journal pertaining to the topic of e-waste in the context of operations and supply chain management (OSCM). This study was addressed via three research questions. A total of 87 selected papers from 2014 to 2023 were analyzed, reviewed, and categorized after data were collected from Web of Science (WOS) and Scopus academic databases with articles only published in the MDPI Sustainability journal. This entails identifying prominent research themes, publication trends, research evolution, research clusters, and industries related to e-waste through descriptive analysis. The field of study and methods employed were analyzed by means of content analysis by delving into the main body of the published articles. Further, four major research themes and clusters were identified: (1) closed-loop supply chains; (2) e-waste; (3) sustainable development; and (4) waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE). Consequently, this review can be a foundation for subsequent scholarly pursuits toward e-waste management and fresh lines of inquiry for the journal. Finally, in the conclusion section, some future research guidelines are also provided.
Progress in Sustainable Recycling and Circular Economy of Tungsten Carbide Hard Metal Scraps for Industry 5.0 and Onwards
Authors: Kumar Rahul , Kariminejad Arash , Antonov Maksim , Goljandin Dmitri , Klimczyk Piotr , Hussainova Irina
Published: August 2023

In spite of the critical environmental impacts of mining and the associated geopolitical supply risk, the strategic importance of rare metal tungsten is escalated by rapid expansions in industrialization, particularly in the ongoing low-carbon/energy era, which requires technologies that allow an economic, social, and ecologically friendly tungsten recovery from primary and secondary resources. The current recycling practices of tungsten carbide (WC)-based scraps have been accepted as economically and partially environmentally beneficial and can promote tungsten closed-loop recycling; however, low functional recycling rates and significant metal losses at varied stages hinder the economic recovery of metals. The current review presents the global situation of tungsten and WC flow with a focus on various sustainable methods to recycle spent tungsten and related metals. A detailed discussion of establishing a highly resilient circular economy with sustainable development goals is highlighted by juxtaposing the philosophy of the circular economy, integrated sustainability, and the metal life cycle approach. The article also discusses Industry 5.0 trends, such as sustainable digitalization and twin transition, to overcome the barriers associated with achieving efficient circular recycling. It is shown that cross-disciplinary methodologies, the integration of diverse technologies (digital/green), and the incorporation of state-of-the-art recycling techniques open up the future potential in the recycling sector.