bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Study of rock massif strains when creating an internal dump in the zone of transition from open pit to underground mining
Authors: Stupnik Mykola , Kalinichenko Olena , Shepel Oleksandr , Bleikher Oleh
Published: September 2024

The work explores technologies for transitioning from open pit to underground mining of minerals, focusing on stress-strain analysis of the rock mass during this process. It enhances methods for studying these stress-strain states, particularly in the context of combined technologies for iron ore extraction. The study proposes environmentally safe techniques for extracting magnetite quartzite, involving the use of internal dumps in open pits to dispose of mining waste. It develops and suggests efficient design schemes for managing stress-strain states during the transition and proposes using protective barrier pillars formed from artificial consolidating backfill for subsequent underground mining. Strains in these barrier pillars and the rock mass are calculated for various scenarios of waste filling. The study, exemplified by the Kryvyi Rih iron ore basin, demonstrates the environmental benefits of using abandoned open pits for waste disposal and underscores the economic advantage of these technologies. This innovative approach plays a crucial role in preserving the valuable Ukrainian agricultural chernozem. By implementing this method, there is a significant reduction in the amount of land required for agricultural use and minimizing environmental impact.
Raises advance using borehole hydraulic technology
Authors: Kosenko Andrii , Khomenko Oleh , Kononenko Maksym , Myronova Inna , Pazynich Yuliya
Published: September 2024

Based on an analysis of existing methods for raises advance, the safest, most productive, and low-cost method is hydraulic well technology. This method offers advantages such as low operation and flow rate, flexibility in managing concentration and volume of work, safety, and compatibility with traditional mining technologies. Studies on raises advance using borehole hydraulic technology have demonstrated the process’s effectiveness in rock mass destruction by water pressure jets. Effectiveness depends on the rocks’ physical and hydrotechnological properties, hydrodynamic characteristics, and water jet impact technology on the ore mass. The primary design parameter is the maximum radius of rock mass destruction, directly proportional to the axial dynamic pressure of the jet at the nozzle exit and inversely proportional to the ore’s uniaxial compressive strength. Dependencies of relative dynamic pressure changes on the water jet’s relative length were also identified. The hydraulic jet method’s effectiveness is ensured by simplified technology, high penetration speed, and savings on energy and materials. Consequently, stationary and mobile modular-type hydraulic monitor complexes have been developed based on the NKR-100MPA or KBU-1 drill-ring, providing automatic control of the hydrodisintegration process using water pressure jets.
Modern technical and IT solutions in the System of Quality Control of the Run of Mine at LW “Bogdanka” S.A. coal mine
Authors: Mól Dawid , Kaczmarzewski Sylwester , Galica Dominik
Published: September 2024

In underground coal mines, one of the primary sources of waste rock in the ore is the phenomenon of roof fall. This phenomenon increases the contamination of the ROM (Run of Mine) with waste rock, which in turn increases the operating costs of the mine. Exploitation of thinner and thinner seams, the use of plough technology, the increasing speed of mining – all these factors related to the mining technology used significantly affect the cleanliness of the coal seam exploitation. More accurate identification of the causes of increased spoil contamination by waste rock and forecasting its level at the stage of mining planning can allow the application of appropriate countermeasures, often even before the start of mining. The authors believe that monitoring the amount and sources of waste rock in longwalls and headings can provide a basis for developing a method for forecasting the mining plant’s yield. The article presents methods of modeling roof rock fall, which are the result of the work of the Team of the Division of Mineral Resources Acquisition of the Polish Academy of Sciences and LW “Bogdanka” S.A. In the future the proposed methodology can be used to analyze the course of roof rock fall, calculate the mass of roof rock fall, and calibrate a continuous system for measuring the quality of ROM in mine excavations.
Das visuelle System als Modell in der translationalen
Forschung
Authors: Sindi Mustafa , Oertel Frederike Cosima , Paul Friedemann , Meuth Sven G , Albrecht Philipp
Published: September 2024

Das visuelle System bietet einzigartige Einblicke in die komplexen Mechanismen
neurologischer Erkrankungen und stellt daher ein zentrales Modell in der
translationalen Forschung dar. Die Netzhaut, als Teil des zentralen
Nervensystems, dient als präzises Fenster, das es ermöglicht, neurodegenerative
und neuroinflammatorische Prozesse zu untersuchen. Dieser Artikel beleuchtet die
Anwendung des visuellen Systems in der translationalen Erforschung
neurologischer Erkrankungen durch verschiedene experimentelle Modelle und
Analysemethoden. Besonderes Augenmerk liegt auf der Untersuchung entzündlicher
Modelle wie der Experimentellen Autoimmunen Enzephalomyelitis Optikusneuritis
(EAEON), nicht-entzündlichen degenerativen Modellen wie dem Optic Nerve Crush
und dem lichtinduzierten Photorezeptorverlust sowie demyelinisierenden Modellen
wie dem Cuprizone-Modell sowie neurodegenerative Erkrankungen wie Demenz vom
Alzheimer-Typ und idiopathisches Parkinson-Syndrom. Der Artikel stellt zudem
diagnostische und funktionelle Evaluierungsmethoden wie die Optische
Kohärenztomographie (OCT), konfokale Scanning Laser Ophthalmoskopie (cSLO),
optomotorische Reaktions-Messung (OMR) und die Messung Visuell Evozierter
Potentiale (VEP) vor. Abschließend werden ein kurzer Ausblick gegeben und die
Limitationen, insbesondere bezüglich der Übertragbarkeit der Ergebnisse zwischen
Tiermodellen und dem Menschen, erläutert.
Moderne Methoden und Anwendungsgebiete der retinalen
Bildgebung
Authors: Wauschkuhn Josephine , Feucht Nikolaus , Aly Lilian
Published: September 2024

Bildgebung spielt in der Neurologie eine große Rolle, dies gilt inzwischen auch
zunehmend für den Bereich der Retina. Langjährig etablierte Methoden wie die
Fluoreszenzangiographie und die Funduskopie wurden in den letzten Jahren ergänzt
um die optische Kohärenztomographie (OCT) und OCT-Angiographie, sowie die
dynamische Gefäßanalyse. Nach initial primär wissenschaftlicher Anwendung können
diese modernen Methoden retinaler Bildgebung nun auch für diagnostische und
prognostische Fragestellungen gewinnbringend herangezogen werden und werden
kontinuierlich weiterentwickelt. Anhand exemplarischer Erkrankungen werden
typische Befunde der Bildgebungsmethoden beschrieben.
Low dark current Sb-based short-wavelength infrared photodetector
Authors: Li Mingming , Cheng Yifan , Zhang Xiangyu , Zhang Ye , Jiang Dongwei , Song Zhigang , Zheng Wanhua
Published: September 2024

We have theoretically and experimentally demonstrated the feasibility of achieving ultra-low dark current in CpBnn type detectors based on a double-barrier InAs/GaSb/AlSb type-II superlattice. By employing a structure that separates the absorption region and depletion region, the diffusion, recombination, tunneling, and surface dark currents of the photodetector (PD) have been suppressed. Experimental validation has shown that a detector with a diameter of 500 µm at a bias voltage of −0.5 V exhibits a dark current density of 2.5 × 10−6 A/cm2 at the operating temperature of 300 K. The development of PD with low dark current has paved the way for applications with high demands for low noise in the fields of gravitational wave detection and astronomical observation.
Design of wireless charging system for E-Vehicle
Authors: Tiwari Shweta L. , Gaigowal S. R. , Raut Kiran
Published: September 2024

To address the dual problems of fuel reliance and air pollution, this study describes the design of a wireless ground to vehicle charging system powered by solar energy and specifically designed for electric vehicle (EV) charging stations. As the number of electric vehicles on the road steadily rises, they present a viable way to cut travel expenses by switching from conventional fuel to electricity, which is a more economical and sustainable option. With the introduction of a wireless EV charging system, this creative solution does away with the need for external power sources and permits continuous charging without interfering with driving. Utilizing solar power, the charging system incorporates solar panels, batteries, circuit regulators, boost converters, receiver and transmitter copper coils, AC/DC converters, microcontrollers (such as ATmega), LCD screens, and circuit regulators. This study describes a technique that shows that charging electric cars while driving is feasible and eliminates the need to stop. This technology for wireless solar electric vehicle charging presents a forward-thinking approach to sustainable mobility by providing a workable solution that can be easily included in the road infrastructure. For the wireless charging, in addition, various coil designs are suggested.
MXenes: Structure, properties, and photothermal applications
Authors: Wu Zhiyi , Li Zimu , Shen Jiahui , Feng Kai , Wu Chunpeng , Ji Yu , Sohail Manzar , An Xingda , Li Chaoran , He Le
Published: September 2024

The ever-growing interest in MXenes has been driven by their unique electrical, thermal, mechanical, and optical properties. Due to the presence of diverse surface ligands and defect sites, MXenes exhibit desirable and highly tunable optical response in the solar spectrum. In addition, they have also been found to be effective shields for electromagnetic interference thanks to their selective electromagnetic wave absorption capability. These features collectively provide MXenes with promising potentials for photothermal conversion applications. However, the underlying scientific mechanisms, pathways, and potential impact of photothermal conversion by MXenes remain poorly categorized and understood. In this review, the electronic, optical, and plasmonic properties and potential photothermal mechanism of MXene materials are systematically summarized. Current advances in various photothermal applications as well as challenges and opportunities in relevant fields are also presented. This review provides comprehensive understandings on the fundamental properties as well as a guidance for in-depth investigation of the photothermal conversion mechanism.
On the use of reactive multiparticle collision dynamics to gather particulate level information from simulations of epidemic models
Authors: Memon Zaib Un Nisa , Rohlf Katrin
Published: September 2024

This paper discusses the application of reactive multiparticle collision (RMPC) dynamics, a particle-based method, to epidemic models. First, we consider a susceptible-infectious-recovered framework to obtain data on contacts of susceptibles with infectious people in a population. It is found that the number of contacts increases and the contact duration decreases with increases in the disease transmission rate and average population speed. Next, we obtain reinfection statistics for a general infectious disease from RMPC simulations of a susceptible-infectious-recovered-susceptible model. Finally, we simulate a susceptible-exposed-infectious-recovered model and gather the exposure, infection, and recovery time for the individuals in the population under consideration. It is worth mentioning that we can collect data in the form of average contact duration, average initial infection time, etc., from RMPC simulations of these models, which is not possible with population-based stochastic models, or deterministic systems. This study provides quantitative insights on the potential of RMPC to simulate epidemic models and motivates future efforts for its application in the field of mathematical epidemiology.
Non-limited vibrational effect on shock-induced phase transitions of condensed fluid in hard-sphere model
Authors: Zheng Yue , Xu Junjun , Tang Ke
Published: September 2024

The essence of fluid phase transition is the jump of physical properties distinctly induced by shock waves in the hard-sphere model. Due to the strong impact of the wave, the internal freedoms of molecules are stimulated, releasing tremendous energy that commonly triggers the phase transition. Conversely, typical thermal and dynamic jumps can be described by the Rankine–Hugoniot conditions based on the Euler equation. In the theoretical simulation, the initial density and rotational freedoms of molecules are directly regarded as the primary factors to affect processes of phase transition. However, the influence of vibrational freedom in molecules has not been discussed yet. As the increasing temperature can gradually excite the affection of vibrational freedom, it is unwise to assume that the temperature element is constant in the theory. What would be a suitable model that accurately reflects the relationship between temperature and affection from vibrational freedom? The non-limited model has been courageously attempted with the temperature range from T0 to 6T0 (T0 is unperturbed temperature). We have found that the vibrational freedom can have a great effect on properties during phase transition processes.
Prediction of the apparent ileal digestible amino acid contents of canola meal for broilers from crude protein content
Authors: Li X. , Sun Y. M. , Zhang D. , Huang K. H. , Ravindran V. , Bryden W. L.
Published: September 2024

Context Canola meal is a protein-rich feedstuff with an amino acid profile that is reasonably well balanced and has the potential to replace soybean meal in poultry diets. Aim The objective of the present study was to investigate the relationship between the crude protein content and apparent ileal digestible amino acid contents of Australian canola meals. Methods Thirteen canola meal samples, processed by expeller or solvent extractions, were collected. The digestibility assay diets were based on dextrose and contained canola meal as the sole source of protein. The proportions of dextrose and canola meal were varied in each diet to obtain ~200 g/kg crude protein. Each diet was fed to three cages of six 35-day-old broilers for 7 days. At the end of the assay, digesta from the terminal ileum was collected for digestibility determination. Key results Crude protein contents were positively correlated with amino acid contents (P < 0.05 to 0.001), except that of serine (r = 0.43; P = 0.11). Significant correlations between the crude protein content and ileal digestible contents were observed for most of amino acids, with coefficients of >0.80 (P < 0.05 to 0.001). Low correlation coefficients were observed for lysine (r = 0.48; P = 0.11) and serine (r = 0.55; P = 0.06). The poor correlation for lysine may be reflective of reduced lysine availability during processing. Conclusions The results showed that the crude protein content of canola meal could serve as a predictor of apparent ileal digestible content of most amino acids for broiler chickens. Implications Regression equations developed in the present study could be used to predict the content of ileal digestible amino acids in canola meal by using analysed crude protein contents.
Global scale assessment of urban precipitation anomalies
Authors: Sui Xinxin , Yang Zong-Liang , Shepherd Marshall , Niyogi Dev
Published: September 2024

Urbanization has accelerated dramatically across the world over the past decades. Urban influence on surface temperatures is now being considered as a correction term in climatological datasets. Although prior research has investigated urban influences on precipitation for specific cities or selected thunderstorm cases, a comprehensive examination of urban precipitation anomalies on a global scale remains limited. This research is a global analysis of urban precipitation anomalies for over one thousand cities worldwide. We find that more than 60% of the global cities and their downwind regions are receiving more precipitation than the surrounding rural areas. Moreover, the magnitude of these urban wet islands has nearly doubled in the past 20 y. Urban precipitation anomalies exhibit variations across different continents and climates, with cities in Africa, for example, exhibiting the largest urban annual and extreme precipitation anomalies. Cities are more prone to substantial urban precipitation anomalies under warm and humid climates compared to cold and dry climates. Cities with larger populations, pronounced urban heat island effects, and higher aerosol loads also show noticeable precipitation enhancements. This research maps global urban rainfall hotspots, establishing a foundation for the consideration of urban rainfall corrections in climatology datasets. This advancement holds promise for projecting extreme precipitation and fostering the development of more resilient cities in the future.
An electrochemical series for materials
Authors: Mueller Tim , Montoya Joseph , Ye Weike , Lei Xiangyun , Hung Linda , Hummelshøj Jens , Puzon Michael , Martinez Daniel , Fajardo Chris , Abela Rachel
Published: September 2024

The electrochemical series is a useful tool in electrochemistry, but its effectiveness in materials chemistry is limited by the fact that the standard electrochemical series is based on a relatively small set of reactions, many of which are measured in aqueous solutions. To address this problem, we have used machine learning to create an electrochemical series for inorganic materials from tens of thousands of entries in the Inorganic Crystal Structure Database. We demonstrate that this series is generally more consistent with oxidation states in solid-state materials than the series based on aqueous ions. The electrochemical series was constructed by developing and parameterizing a physical, human-interpretable model of oxidation states in materials. We show that this model enables the prediction of oxidation states from composition in a way that is more accurate than a state-of-the-art transformer-based neural network model. We present applications of our approach to structure prediction, materials discovery, and materials electrochemistry, and we discuss possible additional applications and areas for improvement. To facilitate the use of our approach, we introduce a freely available website and API.
Standards-based character recognition test
Authors: Hou Xiaoming
Published: September 2024

The present study developed and implemented a character recognition test based on the Chinese Proficiency Grading
Standards for International Chinese Language Education. Using a stratified systematic sampling approach, we selected 15 characters
from each level, ranging from levels 1 to 6, and 45 characters from the advanced level. This test was administered to 32 L2
Chinese learners from two universities. The results, on one hand, present an estimation of learners’ character size and revealed
variations at multiple levels, including school, course, and individual levels. On the other hand, they serve as a valuable link
between the Standards and teaching/learning practice, enabling a necessary reflection on the efficacy of the Standards,
particularly in terms of the character component.
Entropy production of the contact model
Authors: Tomé Tânia , de Oliveira Mário J
Published: September 2024

We propose an expression for the production of entropy for a system described by a stochastic dynamics which is appropriate for the case where the reverse transition rate vanishes but the forward transition is nonzero. The expression is positive definite and based on the inequality

x
ln
⁡
x
−
(
x
−
1
)
⩾
0

. The corresponding entropy flux is linear in the probability distribution allowing its calculation as an average. The expression is applied to the one-dimensional contact process at the stationary state. We found that the rate of entropy production per site is finite with a singularity at the critical point with diverging slope.
Confidence Prediction Based on Uncertain Knowledge Graph Structure Embedding
Authors: Li Tongxin , Li Xiaobo , Wang Fei , Wang Weiping , Wang Tao
Published: September 2024

The development of large-scale knowledge graphs (KGs) has given rise to uncertain relational facts, leading to research on uncertain knowledge graph (KG) embeddings. While various studies have been conducted on the task of uncertain KG embeddings, they often employ simplistic scoring functions based on the internal interaction information among triplets to fit confidence scores, neglecting the rich neighborhood information. In light of this, we propose a novel model UKGSE for uncertain KG embeddings that captures the subgraph structural features formed by the neighbors of triplets, aiming to predict confidence scores for triplets. To validate the effectiveness of our model, we conduct confidence prediction tasks on benchmark datasets. The experimental results indicate that the performance of our proposed model surpasses mainstream embedding methods.
Strong Single Frequency Jamming Detection Method based on Adaptive Equalization Coefficients
Authors: Qi Yanhui , Yan Xiaolu , Meng Weican , He Qingju , Xu Guangluan , Deng Xiao
Published: September 2024

Serious jamming effect on the communication signal maybe comes from the result of single-frequency jamming which could concentrate energy applying into the transmitted spectra. Usually, the communication signal is covered by the jamming effect. In order to effectively detect the existence of single frequency interference signal or not, the paper presents a frequency domain abnormal phenomena detection method based on adaptive equalization coefficients. The proposed method directly transforms the calculated equalization coefficients into the frequency domain. Then, the existence of strong single-frequency interference signals can be directly detected online by observing the characteristics of the frequency domain. The simulation results show that this method has a good detection effect on strong single frequency jamming. The research shows that the mentioned detection method and the related anomaly recognition technology based on equalization coefficients can be used for jamming detection, and can provide a new technical approach for jamming detection.
Flexible and High-Efficiency LDPC Encoder Architecture for CCSDS Standard
Authors: Kang Jing , An Junshe , Zhu Yan
Published: September 2024

The Consultative Committee for Space Data Systems (CCSDS) has adopted quasi-cyclic low-density parity-check (QC-LDPC) codes for use in near-Earth (C2) and deep space (AR4JA) communications. Existing encoder architectures for C2 codes, however, fall short in efficiency for high-throughput applications. This paper introduces a comprehensive approach combining algorithmic and architectural optimizations to enhance hardware usage efficiency (HUE) while offering flexibility. We propose an integrated inter-block and intra-block parallel (IIB-IBP) encoding algorithm that leverages the unique matrix structure to significantly enhance performance. Additionally, a matrix-specific command register pretreatment (MSCRP) technique is developed to effectively handle the special dimensions of the generator matrix. Furthermore, we detail an offline design process for the automated generation of the encoder core’s HDL description, facilitating fine-tuning of encoding parallelism, latency, FPGA resource utilization, and overall throughput. Hardware implementation on a Virtex XC5VLX110T FPGA demonstrates that our encoder reaches an impressive throughput of 10.6 Gb/s with only 2531 LUTs and 1040 FFs, achieving a HUE of 2.97 Mbps/logic unit. This performance marks a 70.6% increase in HUE when compared to state-of-the-art designs.
Preparation of nickel-manganese based bimetallic hydroxide nanosheets for enhanced electrocatalytic oxygen evolution reaction
Authors: Li Shilin , Wang Yuxin , Tang Kun , Guo Han , Guo Yifan , You Long , Lu Zhi , Wang Guangxin
Published: September 2024

This paper uses a common one-step hydrothermal method to prepare NiMn-LDH/NF (Layered Double Hydroxide, LDH) oxygen evolution catalyst with outstanding performance. The NiMn-LDH grows into a nanosheet array structure on nickel foam (NF) and it has a big surface area and exceptional ion transport function that could accelerate the diffusion rate of electrocatalytic products. It attempted to modulate the molar proportion of Ni and Mn to explore the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) performance of the NiMn-LDH/NF catalysts. It was found that when Ni:Mn=4:1 (molar ratio, hereinafter), the nanosheets grew more densely and had better OER performance and stability. The electrochemical test results show that the Ni4Mn-LDH/NF catalyst exhibits an overvoltage of 341 mV at a current density of 10 mA cm−2, and the Tafel slope is only 98.99 mV dec−1.
Ultrafast reaction kinetic of polyaniline in flexible hydrogel electrodes facilitated by graphene ribbons
Authors: Gao Pengfei , Fan Zhuangjun
Published: September 2024

By loading energy storage active materials on hydrogel which is inherently flexible, the flexibility of electrode materials can be simply realized, thereby achieving the flexibility of energy storage devices. However, the polymer network that constructs the three-dimensional skeleton of the hydrogel is not conductive, which inhibits the redox ability of the active material. If a high speed conductive structure can be added to the colloidal phase, the performance of the flexible electrode material can be greatly improved. Here, we introduce redox graphene ribbons into the polyvinyl alcohol hydrogel loaded with polyaniline. The in situ three-dimensional conductive graphene network greatly enhanced the conductivity of the hydrogel electrode, thus increasing the specific capacitance to as high as 1117 F g−1 at 2 mg cm−2 mass loading, with a retention ratio of 66.96% from 0.5 A g−1 to 20 A g−1. These highlighted properties enable the PRP hydrogel as an electrode for flexible supercapacitors, which provides a promising possibility for the practical application of wearable electronics.
Anti-corrosive properties of vermiculite-enhanced waterborne epoxy resins with two-dimensional exfoliation
Authors: Li Zhiyuan , Ren Lisha , Wei Tong , Fan Zhuangjun
Published: September 2024

Although waterborne epoxy resin coatings are widely used in the field of anti-corrosion, micropores and micro defects in their coatings are the key factors restricting their further development. The exfoliated vermiculite was stripped by a physical one-step stripping method, with good water dispersion and dense lamellar structure. As the nano-filler, it can effectively fill the micro defects in the coating, make the coating structure more compact, and effectively prevent the intrusion of corrosive media. When exfoliated vermiculite was added at 1%, two orders of magnitude increased the electrochemical impedance modulus to 2.276×106 Ω cm2 and the corrosion current was correspondingly reduced to 1.186×10−8 A cm−2, showing excellent corrosion resistance. Adding 1% exfoliated vermiculite creates a “labyrinth effect” in the coating that extends the penetration path of the corrosion particles, thus effectively preventing corrosion of the underlying metal substrate. This enables the coating to better cope with harsh corrosive environments and provides a viable idea for coating protection.
Molecular dynamics simulation on de-icing behavior of nanodroplets on amorphous SiO2
Authors: Fan Wenqi , Li Chen
Published: September 2024

The ice formation and detachment process of nanoscale water droplets on the amorphous SiO2 substrate, which is for simulating the glass of solar panels, is studied in this paper by molecular dynamics simulation methods, considering the effects of environmental temperature, onset of icing time, and parameters of the nanoarray on the ice formation morphology and ice adhesion strength. The results show that the ice adhesion strength is independent of the environmental temperature. The time of icing onset influences the recoil state of droplets, with a larger spreading area leading to higher adhesion strength. The increase in height and decrease in width of the nanocolumns of nanoarray structure leads to an increase in the contact angle of the droplet, causing a reduction in ice adhesion strength, albeit with a slight rise within a certain height range.
Numerical study of film cooling at the outlet of gas turbine exhaust
Authors: Hu Longbing , Rao Yu , Zhang Hua
Published: September 2024

In order to mitigate the potential operational damage risk caused by traditional cooling methods in engineering applications of heavy-duty gas turbine component testing, the film cooling unit and realizable K-epsilon turbulence model were employed. Numerical simulations were conducted for multiple exhaust film holes with varying curvature and pitch-row under different operating conditions. The heat transfer distribution along the flow direction and radial direction of the high temperature wall was analyzed, as well as the influence of heat transfer under different geometrical parameters. The results indicate that for the integrated configuration of large-diameter cooling units, a blowing ratio of 0.3 yields the most comprehensive cooling effect, primarily due to the extensive spatial coverage by the gas film and the weakening of eddy dissipation mechanisms. Additionally, it was observed that with an increase in hole distance ratio for multiple exhaust film holes, cold air could more stably participate in heat exchange with high-temperature flue gas wake at the outlet of the gas film hole; thus, a hole distance ratio of 3.0 provides optimal comprehensive cooling effects.
Energy flow tracking of integrated energy system with electric thermal storage boiler
Authors: Liang Guangzhe , Zhang Xiaoming , Ding Chonglei , Feng Jiaoyang
Published: September 2024

With the complexity and diversification of the integrated energy system, accurate optimization of resource allocation and scheduling has become the focus of research. This paper studies the energy flow tracking technology of the heat-electric integrated energy system with an electric thermal storage boiler. The modeling of the electric thermal storage boiler and the application of the energy flow tracking technology not only improves the flexibility and stability of the system but also realizes the comprehensive monitoring and analysis of the electric energy and heat energy flow in the system. Finally, the energy flow tracking technology is used to reveal the flow path and distribution of energy in the system through the example of the integrated energy system. It also shows the flexible energy and space-time transfer characteristics of the electric thermal storage boiler in the electrothermal integrated energy system.
Optimization design of hydrogen Laval nozzle based on response surface methodology (RSM)
Authors: Fang Jianyang , Ju Yusheng , Mao Liwei , Pei Shichao
Published: September 2024

To conduct an in-depth study of the injection characteristics of gas fuels, the structural parameters of the nozzle are optimized. Utilizing the Response Surface Method (RSM), this study selects an inlet radius R1
, outlet radius R2
, throat straight radius R0
, expansion half angle θ, and contraction half angle α as design parameters. Based on the validated numerical model, a response surface prediction model for outlet velocity v and mass flow rate Q is established. Using the derived expressions, the contribution and interactive effects of design variables on response variables are analyzed. The findings indicate that the outlet radius and throat radius significantly affect the outlet velocity. The outlet radius positively correlates with the outlet velocity, while the throat radius negatively correlates with it. The mass flow rate is most significantly influenced by the throat radius, increasing with its increase. With outlet velocity and mass flow rate as optimization objectives, the MOGA algorithm is applied for multi-objective optimization. The optimization results indicate that the optimized structural parameters increased the centrifugal nozzle’s atomization cone angle and mass flow rate by 1.86% and 27.4%, respectively.
Recycling drop-off centre: can it have an effect?
Authors: Xirogiannopoulou Anna , Papaioannou Georgios , Vagiona Dimitra
Published: September 2024

Municipalities in Greece hold the responsibility for establishing and organizing Green Points (a type of recycling drop-off centre), as mandated by law to have at least one within their jurisdiction. The aim of this study was to assess the recycling habits and opinions of the residents of the city of Larissa, with a specific focus on the potential impact of introducing a Green Point within the municipality area. Finally, a comparison was carried out to examine the differing viewpoints of individuals who recycle and those who do not, as well as the potential effects of a Green Point on them. A web-based qualitative questionnaire with closed-ended questions was deployed for the analysis. The key questions in the survey were clearly answered by 213 participants, providing strong indications. The local community is actively involved in recycling efforts and is generally satisfied with the current related system, but they feel that changes must be made. Although almost all the participants held a positive opinion on the potential location of a Green Point in their city, the majority of them disagreed with a potential increase in the current waste charges to support the operation of the Green Point. Non-recyclers cited time and space constraints as the primary reasons for not participating. The general consensus among participants is that a financial reward and/or fine can serve as a viable motivator for recycling. The primary distinctions between recyclers and non-recyclers are reflected in their beliefs about how powerful these motivators can be and how much they would increase the travel distance for recycling in the case of their existence.
The Nazi Study of India and Indian Anti-Colonialism
Authors: Roy Baijayanti
Published: September 2024

This monograph is the first detailed and critical study of the intellectual and political connections between German scholars specializing on India, non-academic ‘India experts’, Indian anti-colonialist intellectuals, and various organs of the Nazi state. It explores the ways in which different kinds of knowledge pertaining to India’s history and contemporary politics were used by this diverse group of men to fulfil certain political goals of Nazi Germany. The book presents four organizations as case studies to demonstrate the ways in which discourses on India were employed to pursue Nazi Germany’s primary objective, which was to engage in pro-German and, as the war approached, anti-British propaganda in India. The four organizations under review, presented as four chapters, are the India Institute of the Deutsche Akademie; the Special Department India of the German Foreign Ministry; the Seminar for Oriental languages and its successor organizations affiliated to the University of Berlin; and the Indian Legion of the German Armed Forces or Wehrmacht. The chapters illuminate the complex entanglements between individuals, specialized academic and non-academic knowledge, demands of Germany’s cultural politics, and Indian anti-colonialist aspirations. This study often desists from using the term Indology in the context of the four organizations, preferring the more generic ‘knowledge of India’ instead. This is because Indology is generally associated with the academic study of India’s ancient past, while the Nazi authorities concerned found insights into contemporary India to be more ‘usable’.
The Architecture of Blame and Praise
Authors: Shoemaker David
Published: September 2024

Many theorists of responsibility take for granted that to be a responsible agent is to be an apt target of responses like blame and praise. But what do these responses consist in, precisely? And do they really belong together, as symmetrical counterparts of each other? While there has been a lot of philosophical work on the nature of blame over the past fifteen years—yielding multiple conflicting theories—there has been very little on the nature of praise until very recently. And indeed, those who have done some investigation of praise—including both philosophers and psychologists—have come away thinking that it is quite different than blame, and that the two are in fact not symmetrical counterparts at all. In this book, David Shoemaker investigates the complicated nature of blame and praise—teasing out their many varieties while defending a general symmetry between them—and then he provides a thoroughgoing normative grounding for all types of blame and praise, one that does not appeal in any fashion to desert or the metaphysics of free will. The many original interdisciplinary contributions in the book include: a new functionalist theory of our entire interpersonal blame and praise system; the revelation of a heretofore unrecognized kind of blame; a discussion of how the case of narcissism tells an important story about the symmetrical structure of the blame/praise system; an investigation into the blame/praise emotions and their aptness conditions; an exploration into the key differences between other-blame and self-blame; and an argument drawing from experimental economics for why desert is unnecessary to render apt the hurtful ways in which we occasionally blame one another.
Forms
Authors: Shoemaker David
Published: September 2024

Narcissists embrace aggressive humor, which includes cruel jokes as well as mockery, making fun of someone for being a failure. They dish it out, but they cannot take it in, so it seems as if they may be asymmetrical people in the humor zone too. But it is noted that there’s an ambiguity in being unable to “accept” either angry blame or mockery from others. It might mean that they can’t understand it, or it might mean that they hate it and want to avoid it. As it turns out, the former meaning applies to them with respect to angry blame, whereas the latter applies to them with respect to mockery. And mockery, it is further argued, is itself a previously unrecognized kind of blame. With these and other discoveries, the overarching symmetry between blame and praise emerges, given that each admits of multiple forms.
Grounds
Authors: Shoemaker David
Published: September 2024

This chapter begins the detailed investigation of the normative grounds of the various parts of the blame/praise system. The focus in this chapter is on the grounds of two kinds of blame/praise: purely attitudinal (unexpressed) forms, and mockery/compliments. Regarding the former, recently some philosophers have been arguing that even purely attitudinal blame (for instance) can be unjust if not deserved. It is argued, by contrast, that all that these attitudinal forms of blame require by way of normative grounding is fittingness, or accuracy in appraisal. Various proposals for requiring justice or desert are surveyed and rejected. The same general story goes for mockery-blame and complimenting-praise. All that they require for their normative grounds are mockability and complimentability (both forms of fittingness in appraisal). In particular, it is emphasized that mockery’s sting attaches only to mockability, which makes it unlike other forms of blame in key respects.
Sanctions
Authors: Shoemaker David
Published: September 2024

The remaining features requiring normative justification are blaming ways of treating others, insofar as they may consist in sanctions or punishment. It is first argued that punishment is morally illegitimate in interpersonal life, as normative equals lack the asymmetrical authority to punish each other. But sanctions may be legitimate, and sanctions can harm. How can they be justified? Here the leading justification again appeals to the justice provided by desert, where desert itself requires free will of a rather robust kind. It is argued instead that the sanctions we “inflict” on each other do not need either justice or desert to be normatively grounded. Instead, all that they need is a kind of fairness in their (implicit) design. The argument here draws from the vast literature on economic games, where various sanctions dished out don’t require desert, and it shows that our interpersonal interactions may be just like these games.
Global Hindutva: Communicative Strategies and Resistance
Authors: Dutta Mohan Jyoti , Shingade Balamohan , Sharma Richa Azad
Published: September 2024

Communication forms the infrastructure of Hindutva, constituting its ideology based on ongoing processes of creating the “other.” As a nationalist project, Hindutva draws its pedagogy from far-right fascist movements, constructing India as a Hindu nation based on a monolithic Hindu race and a homogeneous Hindu culture. The production and circulation of disinformation shape the hate-based politics of Hindutva, with the movement securing its hegemony through the deployment of extremist violence. The global network power of Hindutva draws on its capacity to continually produce the other while simultaneously appealing to Western multiculturalism by projecting the image of Hinduism as the religion of unity and harmony. Equivocation, the communicative practice of using ambiguous language to hide the truth, is one of the core strategies of Hindutva, speaking a language of hate to an internal audience while making claims of peace and democracy to an external audience in Western democracies. Equivocation enables Hindutva’s diaspora proponents to uphold and perpetuate the political economy of Hindutva that is directly tied to terror and violence while simultaneously performing the narrative of Hinduism as a religion of peace for a Western audience. The networked structure of global Hindutva draws on funding, volunteer resources, material infrastructures, and symbolic flows of disinformation and hate across the diaspora, interconnected in an ecosystem with the Hindutva machinery in India. Resistance to Hindutva disrupts these communicative infrastructures through witnessing, co-creation of voice infrastructures, and expelling discursive gaps.
Gaspar, Dona Florinda Josefa
Authors: Candido Mariana P. , Lima Monica
Published: September 2024

Dona Florinda Josefa Gaspar (c. 1791–1862) was a prosperous trader born in Benguela, Angola in the late eighteenth century. The daughter of a local ruler, a soba, she married a Brazilian-born exile. As commercial partners they engaged in long-distance trade connecting different markets, selling cattle, salt, and enslaved people. Like other merchant women along the Atlantic coast, Dona Florinda Josefa Gaspar relied on her family connections to guarantee business benefits. This increased her visibility in historical documents. The couple controlled many dependents and land plots in Benguela. When her husband relocated to Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, in the 1830s, Dona Gaspar joined him. In Rio de Janeiro, they settled in the Valongo neighborhood, a prime location for the arrival and sale of enslaved Africans. Dona Gaspar traveled back and forth between Rio de Janeiro and Benguela in the following years, probably for business and to maintain contact with her sons, who remained in Benguela to represent the interests of the family. She died in Rio de Janeiro in 1862, a prosperous immigrant who owned real estate, enslaved people, and luxury goods. Her life is an example of the presence of free African women who crossed the Atlantic World during the height of the transatlantic slave trade.
The Use of Appropriate Sanitation Technology in Low-Income and Informally Occupied Areas: A Case Study of EMBASA’s Experience With the Condominial Sewerage System in Salvador da Bahia, Brazil
Authors: Mota Júlio , Paiva Ivan
Published: September 2024

This article describes how the State of Bahia Water and Sanitation Company (Empresa Baiana de Águas e Saneamento [EMBASA]) expanded sewerage coverage in the city of Salvador, in the state of Bahia, Brazil. In 2021, the city had a sewerage network that served over 80% of its population, despite the fact that at least 70% of the city was composed of informal settlements. To overcome the enormous challenges of installing sewerage systems in areas with informal settlements, EMBASA decided to use the condominial sewerage model, a methodology that combines technical changes in the design of the collection systems coupled with a strong community participation component. The principal technical changes in the collection system were adapting the solution to local circumstances in each neighborhood, universalization of service, the use of the concept of microsystems (subbasins), and the use of the urban block as the basic collection unit. The methodology was first used during a program to expand the sanitary sewerage system of Salvador between 1995 and 2004, when household connections to the sanitary sewage system increased from 26% to 60% in the municipality. The condominial sewerage methodology was adopted because it was the only system capable of solving the enormous problems of informal occupation, community participation, and social inequality, among other things. With the success of the program, investments in sanitary sewerage were continued, and in 2021, the connection rate was 81%. Many challenges to increasing coverage remained, especially those related to the occupation of urban land, which continued in a disorderly manner; social inequalities; and changes in the sanitation regulatory framework.