bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mothers’ Knowledge toward Maintaining Breast Milk Flow During Their High-Risk Neonates Hospitalization
Authors: Abdalla Noor Thabit I. , Musihb Zeki Sabah
Published: August 2023

Background: Breastfeeding is a part of the distinct bio psychosocial system of our species, which evolved over the course of mammalian evolution to enhance the health and survival of both infant and his mother. The act of breastfeeding involves much more than just passing breast milk from mother to children but vital aspect of a baby's upbringing from feeding the mother's breast.    
Objectives: The study aims to assessing of mothers’ knowledge toward maintaining breast milk flow when their high-risk newborns are in the hospital and find out the relationship between mothers' demographic variables and knowledge.    
Methodology: From the 26th September 2022 to 1st July 2023, descriptive research was conducted on mothers with high-risk neonates in Holy Karbala. The research was conducted at three different hospitals: Women's Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Karbala Teaching Hospital for Children, and AL-Husainia General Hospital.                                                                                
Results: The most of mothers are within the age groups of (20-30) and (above 30) years of old represented (33%), most of them cannot read and writing, the majority of mothers are housewives and resident in urban area, also most mothers with somewhat enough as economic status, and most of them with normal delivery birth. Furthermore, most participants have two to three births. The study shows that mothers have moderate level of knowledge toward maintaining breast milk flow represented (52%).        
Conclusion: Parents frequently worry at the end of a preterm infant's hospital stay about whether the baby is ready to be fed by mouth. This only receives significant attention when other major health issues have been resolved or made easier to manage. Because there haven't been many studies on adults born prematurely, many moms are ignorant of the risks of not breastfeeding their high-risk newborns. They are also ignorant of the long-term benefits of breastfeeding for themselves and their children.   
Recommendation: Awareness programs for the mothers during pregnancy (before birth) about the success of breastfeeding to know ways to keep her milk flowing for their children. And increasing mothers' knowledge about maintaining and increase milk flow through media programs and educational events in community.
Assessment of Primary School Teachers' Knowledge and Attitude toward Conduct Disorders
Authors: Al-Jabery Hassanein , Al-Amarei Hassam M.
Published: August 2023

Background: DSM-5-TR defines conduct disorder as groups of repetitive and persistent behaviors, including aggression to people or animals, destruction of property, deceitfulness or theft, and serious violation of rules in children and adolescents aged under 18 years.     
Objectives: To assess of primary school teachers' knowledge and attitude toward Conduct Disorders.   
Methodology: Descriptive  study was carried throughout the period (1st December 2022 to 10th June 2023) to assess primary school teachers' knowledge’s and attitudes toward conduct disorders among children in Al-Najaf Al-Ashraf city. A (70) primary school teachers were selected by a non-probability (purposive) sample from candidate school were included in the present study, The Study Instrument consists of three parts, the first part contains demographic information. The second part contains six domains to measure teachers' knowledge toward conduct disorders, and the last part consists of fifteen questions to find out teachers' attitudes toward conduct disorders.                                                 
Results: the result indicate that 71.4 % of study sample with poor knowledge toward conduct disorders, while 55.7% of sample with unfavorable attitude.        
Conclusion: The results of the current study indicate that two third of teachers' with poor level of knowledge and half of teachers with unfavorable attitude toward conduct disorders.   
Recommendations: The authors recommended collaborating between the Ministry of Education and mental health organizations to establish partnerships between schools and mental health professionals or organizations specializing in conduct disorders. This collaboration can provide additional support and resources to teachers and help create a more comprehensive approach to addressing conduct disorders in educational settings.
Applying Bioporic Liquid Palm Industry Waste and Effect on Palm Oil Plant Growth and Dystrudepts Soil Physical Properties
Authors: Joehandra Joehandra , Nelvia Nelvia , Hamzah Anthony
Published: August 2023

This study seeks to determine the impact of palm oil wastewater, the number of biopore holes, and their interaction on oil palm plant growth and Dystrudepts soil physical properties. This study was carried out between December 2019 and April 2019. This research was conducted using a 3x3 factorial experiment with a Randomized Block Design; each treatment was replicated three times, and each experimental unit contained three plants for 81 experimental plants. The first variable was the dosage of palm oil effluent, which consisted of 7.5 liter/plant/2 weeks, 10 liters/plant/2 weeks, and 12.5 liters/plant/2 weeks. The second factor had three levels: two biopore holes/plants, four biopore holes/plants, and six biopore holes/plants. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was applied to the data. If the treatment is markedly different, a second test is conducted using the 5% level of the Honest Significant Difference (BNJ) test. (1) Palm oil mill effluent at a concentration of 7.5 liters/plant increased the total pore space. The effluent from a palm oil mill at a rate of 12.5 liters per plant decreases BD and PD while increasing final plant height, midrib length, leaf length, and chlorophyll content. (2) Adding two biopores per plant increased plant height, midrib length, and leaf width. The presence of four biopores per plant decreased BD and PD and increased leaf length and chlorophyll content. Six openings per plant biopores have an effect on increasing the total pore space, and (3) The interaction between LCPKS doses of 12.5 liters/plant and the number of biopores of 6 holes/plant decreases BD and increases total pore space, plant height, frond length, leaf length, and leaf breadth.
Caracterização de Atributos do Solo em Trilhas de Uso Público no Litoral do Parque Nacional da Serra da Bocaina (RJ)
Authors: Lima Guilherme Marques de , Rangel Luana De Almeida , Guerra Antonio José Teixeira
Published: August 2023

A erosão hídrica promove a perda de solo, especialmente em áreas tropicais úmidas. Seus atributos permitem inferir áreas que estão degradadas. A utilização de trilhas, especialmente em Unidades de Conservação, pode manter a conservação ambiental ou provocar sua degradação. Portanto, seu uso de forma intensiva e desordenada, sem planejamento e manejo, compromete o equilíbrio ecossistêmico e desencadeia processos erosivos. Logo, esta pesquisa analisou os efeitos do pisoteio em trilhas de uso público no litoral do Parque Nacional da Serra da Bocaina (PNSB), no município de Paraty (RJ), através da coleta e da análise de atributos físico-químicos do solo. Constatou-se que os atributos apresentaram relação direta com o pisoteio ocasionado pela visitação turística,como a porosidade, a densidade do solo, a textura e os teores de matéria orgânica. Por fim, destacou-se a necessidade de intervenções nestes atributos para reduzir ou controlar a degradação do solo, como a compactação e os processos erosivos.
Espacialização das Comunidades Remanescentes de Quilombos no Estado do Rio de Janeiro em 2021
Authors: Ferreira Tatiana De Sá Freire , Lima Ursula Borges dos Santos , Reis Amanda Lacerda , Fernandes Manoel Do Couto , Menezes Paulo Márcio Leal de
Published: August 2023

A percepção e o entendimento espacial são intrínsecos à ciência geográfica e fazem parte de uma forma original de pensar, baseada em três dimensões, que buscam entender a espacialidade de objetos, coisas, pessoas e fenômenos, cuja representação espacial, traduzida em mapas ou quadros geográficos, é elemento essencial. Os quilombos são grupos sociais que marcam a herança da cultura de origem africana no território brasileiro, reflexo da escravidão e das lutas contemporâneas por reconhecimento de direitos. A localização pontual das Comunidades Remanescentes de Quilombo tem como objetivo explorar sua distribuição espacial no estado do Rio de Janeiro. O levantamento das informações, efetuado nos órgãos governamentais de reconhecimento, regularização fundiária e instituições de pesquisa, resultou em um Banco de Dados Geográficos com a localização georreferenciada de cada comunidade, que mostra uma distribuição espacial heterogênea. Espera-se que os mapas contribuam para pesquisas em diversas áreas de conhecimento e em ações educativas nos próprios territórios.
Uji aktivitas antibakteri ekstrak n-heksana daun sawo (Manilkara zapota L) terhadap pertumbuhan bakteri Staphylococcus aureus dan Escherichia coli
Authors: Tampubolon Manuppak Irianto , Hutabarat Rani Erlianti Br.
Published: August 2023

Daun sawo memiliki senyawa zat aktif yang sering disebut dengan senyawa metabolit sekunder yaitu antara lain alkaloid, flavonaid, saponin, tannin, glikosida, steroid. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui aktivitas antibakteri ekstrak n-heksan daun sawo (Manilkara zapota L) terhadap bakteri Staphylococcus aureus dan Escherichia coli. Pengujian dilakukan melalui tahap pengumpulan bahan, penyiapan simplisia, pembuatan ekstrak n-heksan daun sawo dan pengujian daya hambat dari daun sawo terhadap bakteri Staphylococcus aureus dan Escherichia coli. Pembuatan ekstrak n-heksan daun sawo dilakukan dengan metode maserasi menggunakan n-heksan. Pengujian aktivitas antibakteri dilakukan dengan metode difusi agar menggunakan kertas cakram. Hasil penelitian berdasarkan hasil skrining fitokimia menunjukkan bahwa simplisia dan ekstrak n-heksan daun sawo mengandung senyawa alkaloid, flavonoid, saponin, tannin. Sedangkan pada uji aktivitas antibakteri ekstrak n-heksan daun sawo ini mempunyai antibakteri atau zona hambat pada bakteri tersebut dengan konsentrasi yang berbeda-beda yaitu seperti konsentrasi 35%, 45%, 55%, 65%, dan 75%. Kontrol positif menggunakan kloramfenikol dan untuk kontrol negatif menggunakan aquadest steril. Ekstrak n-heksan daun sawo memiliki aktivitas antibakteri Staphylococcus aureus dan Escherichia coli.
Principais fatores associados ao Diabetes Mellitus Gestacional (DMG): uma revisão
Authors: Da Silva Josefa Gisele Lima , De Queiroz Wanessa Aparecida Silva , Lopes Allyson Rodrigo de Oliveira , Da Silva Francisca Luana , Amorim Gabrielle Sousa , De Andrade Raísa Barbosa , De Medeiros Hemelyni Cecilia Gonçalves Lima , Nascimento Danelle da Silva , Barbosa Adenilza da Silva , Venancio Dallynne Bárbara Ramos , De Lima Bruno Basilio Cardoso
Published: August 2023

A gestação é um processo fisiológico para a reprodução humana. Entretanto, existem alguns fatores que dificultam esse processo gestacional como a Diabetes Mellitus Gestacional (DMG), que definhado como qualquer grau de intolerância à glicose, com o primeiro reconhecimento na gestação. Este estudo teve por finalidade identificar os fatores associados ao Diabetes DMG em gestantes. Por meio de uma revisão integrativa da literatura, de caráter descritivo e exploratório baseado em evidências científicas. Confirmando que a DMG está associada ao sedentarismo, má alimentação e que pode desencadear aborto espontâneo e pré-eclâmpsia, além de trazer problemas tanto para mãe como ao bebê. O diagnóstico da enfermagem no pré-natal faz toda diferença, para o rastreamento e tratamento precoce, por meio intervenções e educação em saúde. Ainda é de grande importância que o enfermeiro oriente quanto aos fatores de risco e assim contribua para a prevenção de mais patologias como a DMG, que podem ser evitada.
Avaliação do conhecimentos sobre descarte de medicamentos entre estudantes da área de saúde
Authors: De Souza Maria Gabriela , Souza Carlos Adriano Santos , Rodrigues Romildo Ferreira da Silva , Pastor Edjane de Jesus Pastor , Silva Noemi Oliveira , Oliveira Joyce Sandes , Góis Alicia Taniara Santos , Almeida Ana Clara Silva , Sousa Indiara da Silva
Published: August 2023

O descarte de medicamentos de forma inadequada pode acarretar vários problemas ao meio ambiente, além da contaminação de rios, lagos e mares, provoca malefícios a saúde dos animais e dos seres humanos. O acúmulo de medicamentos nas residências, é o que chamamos de farmácia caseira, muitas vezes resultado das sobras de tratamentos anteriores e de medicamentos de venda livre, o que contribui para o descarte crescente desses insumos de maneira incorreta. Com base nessas informações a educação em saúde é imprescindível para que os futuros profissionais realizem o descarte desses insumos de maneira correta e possam instruir seus pacientes a fazer o mesmo. Assim sendo, o presente trabalho tem como objetivo a avaliação do conhecimento sobre descarte de medicamentos entre estudantes da área de saúde. Trata-se de um estudo baseado na aplicação de questionário semiestruturado e adaptado da literatura, com intuito de avaliar o conhecimento dos estudantes da área de saúde sobre descarte adequado de medicamentos. Após a observação do objeto de estudo pode-se verificar que 42% (n=126) dos alunos entrevistados afirmam que não sabem descartar de formar correta, 34% (n=102) afirmam realizar adequadamente o descarte, em contrapartida 73% (n=219) afirmam descartar os insumos no lixo comum. No que tange com relação ao armazenamento e as classes farmacológicas os medicamentos os mais utilizados são os analgésicos e antitérmicos 20% (n=187) seguidos dos antialérgicos 20% (n=185) e anti-inflamatórios 13% (n=124). Quando questionados sobre conhecimento dos problemas relacionados ao descarte inadequado, os principais itens descritos foram a contaminação do solo (37%). Diante do exposto, foi possível compreender que existe um déficit no conhecimento sobre o descarte correto de medicamentos por parte dos estudantes da área de saúde entrevistados. É necessário que sejam desenvolvidas capacitações para os estudantes e profissionais da área de saúde, e palestras que tenham o propósito de educar a população sobre descarte adequado de medicamentos acumulados em seus domicílios.
Composite coatings for cutting tools after
ion mixing
Authors: Migranov M.Sh. , Migranov A.M.
Published: August 2023

Ways of increasing the wear resistance of "duplex" coatings applied to cutting tools due to preliminary diffusion saturation
of the tool surface with nitrogen followed by physical deposition of a hard coating (Ti, Cr)N are proposed. The proposed
coating, in addition to the above, contains an additional modified layer with an impurity of ions (metals: Ti, Zr, W and Al in
combination with three non-metals N, C, and O), applied to a prenitrided surface of high-speed steel before the deposition
of a hard coating. The highest wear resistance after "triplex"-treatment was achieved by ion implantation of titanium
into a prenitrided surface. The coefficient of friction of the modified layer is studied at different contact temperatures. An
improved ability of a layer with an ionic mixture to accumulate elastic deformation energy is shown. Ionic mixing contributes
to the appearance of a thin surface layer with an amorphous-like structure, which prolongs the stage of normal wear,
significantly increasing the tool life as a result of the self-organization process.
Symbolic representation of forced vibrations of branched mechanical
systems
Authors: Popov I.P.
Published: August 2023

Considered a signifi cantly simplify calculations by replacing the need to solve differential equations with simpler algebraic
methods. A comprehensive representation of harmonic and related quantities is used. Parallel-series and series-parallel
connections of mechanical power consumers have been studied.
Recommendations for selecting the characteristics of diamond
bars, when plateau-honing cylinder liners of internal combustion engines
Authors: Kolokatov A.M.
Published: August 2023

Research has been carried out to select the characteristics of diamond bars for preliminary fl at-topped honing. The
effect of non-diamond bars with molybdenum disulfi de during the fi nal honing of the cylinder liners of the internal combustion
engine on the profi le of the fl at-topped surface has been studied.
TINGKAT HUBUNGAN KOORDINASI MATA-KAKI DAN DAYA LEDAK OTOT TUNGKAI DENGAN KEMAMPUAN PASSING LAMBUNG TIM SSB R2 SOLO
Authors: Wisnu Wisnu Cahyo Dewo , Agam Akhmad Syaukani
Published: August 2023

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mencari hubungan antara koordinasi mata-kaki dan daya ledak otot tungkai dengan kemampuan Passing lambung tim SSB R2 Solo. Penelitian ini berjenis kuantitatif dengan metode korelasi karena mencari hubungan kemampuan Passing pemain sepak bola. Jumlah subjek penelitian ini adalah 14 orang, peneliti menggunakan korelasi dan data pada penelitian ini diambil dengan tes koordinasi mata-kaki, tes daya ledak otot tungkai dan tes kemampuan Passing lambung sebagai instrumen pengumpulan data. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan tidak ada hubungan yang signifikan (p>0,05) antara koordinasi mata-kaki terhadap kemampuan Passing lambung, tidak ada hubungan yang signifikan (p>0,05) antara daya ledak otot tungkai terhadap kemampuan Passing lambung dan tidak ada hubungan yang signifikan (p>0,05) antara koordinasi mata-kaki dan daya ledak otot tungkai terhadap kemampuan Passing lambung.
ANALYSIS OF FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH FRAILTY SYNDROME IN PATIENTS WITH HEART FAILURE
Authors: Niegowska Wiktoria , Szydlik Julia , Barszczewska Marcelina , Grodzka Olga , Czapski Piotr , Januszewska Katarzyna , Sawicka Ada , Jankowski Piotr , Kupisz-Urbańska Małgorzata
Published: August 2023

Aim: Determination of factors associated with frailty syndrome (FS) in patients with heart failure (HF).
Materials and methods: Consecutive patients hospitalized in the department were assessed for the presence of FS using L. Fried criteria, Edmonton Frail Scale (EFS) and Tilburg Frailty Indicator (TFI). Presence of arterial hypertension, diabetes, obesity, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and heart failure was included in the analysis based on patients’ medical history and findings from current hospitalization. Patients were assessed for the presence of depression using Beck’s Depression Inventory (BDI). Physical capacity was assessed using NYHA classification.
Results: 87 patients (mean age 81.4±6.7; 57 women; 11 HFrEF, mean NYHA 2.36±1.21; 11 HFmrEF, mean NYHA 2.18±1.08; 65 HFpEF mean NYHA 1.94±1.09) were included in the analysis. Multivariable analysis showed significant relationship between FS assessed with EFS and age (β=0.316, SE=0.08; p=0.0001), arterial hypertension (β=-0.194, SE=0.08; p=0.0173), COPD (β=0.176, SE=0.08; p=0.0300) and depression (β=0.565, SE=0.08; p=0.0000). FS assessed with L. Fried criteria was significantly related to age (β=0.359, SE=0.09; p= 0.0001), NYHA classification (β= 0.336, SE=0.09; p=0.0002) and depression (β=0.297, SE=0.09; p=0.0010). Age (β=0.251, SE=0.10; p=0.0114) and depression (β=0.375, SE=0.1; p=0.0002) were significantly related to FS assessed using TFI. In multivariable analysis HF phenotype was not significantly related to FS.
Conclusions: Age and depression assessed with BDI are related to FS in patients with HF. Arterial hypertension and COPD are linked to FS assessed using EFS, whereas NYHA classification is linked to FS assessed with L. Fried criteria. No statistically significant relationship was found between FS and HF phenotype.
EVALUATION OF THE COMPLEX USE OF PLANT TEST-SYSTEMS TO DETERMINE THE NATURE AND INTENSITY OF THE MUTAGENIC BACKGROUND OF THE ENVIRONMENT
Authors: Shvets Liubov S. , Frych Nataliia I. , Dovganych Nataliia V. , Kovalchuk Larysa Y. , Popadynets Oksana H. , Kotyk Taras L. , Tokaruk Nadiya S.
Published: August 2023

Aim: A comprehensive evaluation of the effectiveness of the use of plant test-systems as biological objects for the identification of the specifitown of the effect of mutagens on the hereditary apparatus.
Materials and methods: With the use of test-systems (determination of the gonadotoxitown of plant pollen grains, the Allium cepa-test and the use of celandine greater Chelidonium majus as an accumulative phytoindicator) was analyzed the ecological situation of the areas in Ivano-Frankivsk region. The samples of soil, water, generative and vegetative organs of plants were taken in the territories of the Carpathian region and tested in the following areas: ecologically safe, conditionally ecologically safe and ecologically dangerous areas.
Results: Inhibition of mitotic activity in cells of the primary meristem of Allium cepa roots grown in water samples taken in chemically polluted Kalush and Burshtyn and stimulation of mitosis in water samples from Stetseva, was determined. The town Kosiv is considered conditionally ecologically clean, a control district. The indices of chromosomal aberrations frequency were high in plants from the chemically polluted Burshtyn (3.98±0.31) %, Kalush (2.95±0.25) % and village Stetseva (3.36±0.39) %, and dominated by controls 4.57-fold; 2.92-fold and 3.86-fold, respectively.
Conclusions: With the help of a comprehensive study of two test-systems (determination of the fertility of plant reproductive structures and the Allium cepa test), we have proven an increased level of xenobiotics in the water, soil and air of the chemically polluted territoties of Precarpathian region. The use of Chelidonium majus as a test-object with metal-accumulating properties is a promising index for the detection of substances of a chemical nature (heavy metals) in ecological areas of the Ivano-Frankivsk region.
PREDICTING PROGRESSION TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS: A 3-YEAR FOLLOW-UP STUDY EXAMINING RISK FACTORS FOR TYPE 2 DIABETES IN PATIENTS WITH PREDIABETES
Authors: Griadil Taras I. , Bychko Mykhaylo V. , Hechko Mykhaylo M. , Chubirko Ksenia I. , Chopey Ivan V.
Published: August 2023

Aim: To study the risk factors in patients with prediabetes that can lead to the progression of impaired glucose tolerance in the form of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Materials and methods: The selection of patients for this study was carried out on an outpatient basis at the Department of Therapy and Family Medicine, Uzhhorod National University. Patients with prediabetes were identified based on the American Diabetes Association criteria. Informed consent was obtained from all patients before the start of the study. Patients were randomly assigned to one of two groups: Group 1 (n=37) that received typical treatment according to the recommendations of the American Diabetes Association and the control Group 2 (n=42). At the 3rd year of the study, we determined the body mass index, glucose levels and glycated hemoglobin levels of the patients, also their medical documentation was analyzed and patients were interviewed about concomitant diseases.
Results: Analyzing the 3-year follow-up of patients with prediabetes, cases of type 2 diabetes mellitus were detected in both groups, but there is no statistically significant difference when comparing the indicators between the groups (p>0.05).
Conclusions: In our study, we analyzed the risk factors in patients with prediabetes that can lead to type 2 diabetes. During a 3-year follow-up, we identified cases of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Learning more about cultures through free word association data
Authors: Korshuk Alena
Published: August 2023

The paper is discussing some issues connected with verbal codes of communication. It re-introduces one of the experimental methods of cultural studies. The author shows the opportunities provided by the use of free word association experiment in cultural, cross- and intercultural analyses. To investigate how languages reflect differences in the cultural values of the Americans and of the Belarusians the author compares the free word association experiment data collected in Minnesota (USA) and in Minsk (Belarus) in 1999-2000.
Managing migration: The applied psychology of international transitions
Authors: Williams Kinga , Aghdami Rose
Published: August 2023

Fact: Placing a skilled executive overseas for a three-year contract can cost as much as US$ 1 million.Fact: A significant number of overseas sojourns fail, leading to premature repatriation.Fact: Psychological adjustment to the new culture is the make or break of cross-cultural transitions.
Managing migration successfully is, therefore, crucial.The paper will introduce the Mensana Model of Managing Migration.According to the model, migration follows a five-stage psychological process, requiring management via three levels of support. The desired outcome is the development of the understanding and skills necessary to make the international sojourn a success for all involved.
In a cultural No Man’s Land – or, how long does culture shock last?
Authors: Tange Hanne
Published: August 2023

This essay is an attempt to combine theories of sojourner adaptation with the qualitative results of my field work among Scottish immigrants in Copenhagen. I argue that theories of acculturation often presuppose a limited time-frame; that the usefulness of Lysgaard’s acculturation model may be questioned; and that companies lose valuable intercultural competence by recalling sojourners before they have completed their process of integration. Learning from practice, I argue that sojourners will change as a result of their stationing overseas; that the intercultural skills obtained by employees during their sojourn represent a valuable resource for international business; and that companies have an obligation to assist sojourners upon their return to their home culture.
Investigating culturally-oriented fear appeals in public information documents on HIV/AIDS
Authors: Jansen Carel , Baal Jos van , Bouwmans Eefje
Published: August 2023

Two public information texts including different fear appeals aimed at AIDS prevention were evaluated by participants from three countries: 147 participants came from the Netherlands, 109 from Spain and 179 from South Africa (varying ethnical backgrounds). The results of the experiment suggest that HIV/AIDS communication that emphasizes the severity of the disease and the vulnerability of the target audience can be successful, provided that the members of the target audience feel confident enough about their own capabilities to adopt self-protective behavior. As for possible interaction effects of fear appeals and cultural orientation, the outcomes of a similar experiment reported in Murray-Johnson et al. (2001) could not be replicated. None of the predicted effects occurred. An explanation may partly be found in problems concerning frequently used measurement instruments for cultural orientation.
Wearing the Hijab: An argument for moderate selective acculturation of newly immigrated Arab-American women
Authors: Roberts Janet M.
Published: August 2023

The goal of this research is to examine how Arab women newly emigrated to the United States struggle to decide how to blend with or into the fabric of this country while still retaining their culture, language and religion in a manner that is comfortable and acceptable to them. All the interviewees were Arab/Muslim women from the countries of Iraq and Lebanon. The research also examines the conflict among Muslim women over the decision as to whether or not to wear the hijab or veil covering their heads.
This research is important in creating an understanding of the needs and differences, as well as the desires and similarities, of Arab/Muslim women and American women. It is also important for differentiating between assimilation, multiculturalism and selective acculturation. Any research and analysis that works to emphasize common values and acceptance of differences also works toward the building of a peaceful community.
Community of Practice Involvement Obligations.
Authors: Charlebois Justin
Published: August 2023

One way of studying group involvement is through the paradigm of communities of practice (CofP) (Lave 1988, Lave & Wenger 1991). Students on university campuses are simultaneously members of various CofPs. This article investigates the CofPs Japanese students were involved in while studying in the United States. It found that the whole notion of CofP involvement is framed (Bateson 1972; Tannen & Wallet 1993) differently by Japanese. Specifically, the Japanese frame for attendance obligations and appropriate behavior is tighter (Goffman 1963) than that of their American counterparts. The results of this study suggest that what constitutes good demeanor is different in both societies and highlights the cultural relativity of frames regarding community of practice involvement. (community of practice, frame, obligations, expectations, deference, demeanor, tightness, looseness, giri, ninjo,omote, soto, uchi, ura).
A Comparative Look at Scandinavian Cultures: Denmark, Norway and Sweden and Their Encounters with German Refugees, 1933-1940.
Authors: Meyer Frank
Published: August 2023

This article is a comparative study that points to the differences between national cultures in Scandinavia, as they are reconstructed from source material left over from the encounter between Scandinavian insiders and German outsiders in the pre-World War II period. This article uses a variety of memoirs, notes, interviews, and other records produced by German refugees in Scandinavia, and by Scandinavians who encountered German refugees in the period 1933-1940. Danes, Norwegians and Swedes characterise and are characterised by the German refugees. Thus, in-group and out-group mechanisms highlight patterns that help to constitute national cultures. This article provides a few examples that show the comparative differences in the ways in which German refugees were seen and treated by the Scandinavians who encountered them. It also provides a few examples that show the comparative differences in national culture in Scandinavia, as those differences appeared to German refugees.
Fables and ICT: Intercultural Communication and E-Language Teaching.
Authors: Elia Antonella
Published: August 2023

This paper presents an experimental workshop held as part of an annual university teacher training course directed at Italian teachers involved in teaching Italian as a second language in multicultural classes mainly from primary and secondary schools. Its objective is to train teachers in an intercultural methodology through the use of fables and fairy tales as they have been proven to be an educational tool with a great intercultural power in our multicultural society. They represent a universal narrative genre, which uses the same narrative techniques transversally joining different people from diverse cultures under the star-studded sky of imagination. To develop intercultural awareness, the workshop has used offline and online social tools (such as blogs and wikis) in order to teach how to operate in an innovative socio-constructivist scenario using ICT.
The Discourse of Philanthropy in Italy and The United States: A Case Study of Interparadigmatic Translation.
Authors: Fusari Sabrina
Published: August 2023

This paper discusses translation of texts about nonprofit organizations from English into Italian as a case study of intercultural communication. Firstly, we note the importance of adaptation as a valuable strategy for translation of nonprofit texts from English into Italian. Secondly, we describe the intercultural difference between the nonprofit sector in Italy and the United States in terms of paradigms, following Kuhn’s theory of interparadigmatic translation and Gramsci’s idea of translatability. Thirdly, we show the connection between these epistemological frameworks of translation and interlinguistic translation by selecting a number of keywords in the language of American philanthropy which do not have a direct equivalent in Italian, or whose equivalent may prove to be a "false friend" if translated literally (stewardship, philanthropy, charity): we show that despite the alleged "incommensurability" between Italian and American philanthropy, translation is still possible, and we suggest practical strategies that translators may adopt. An earlier version of this paper was presented at the Joint ACLA/ AAAL Conference in Montréal (Canada) in June 2006.
Rules and regulations: is culture-learning like language -acquisition?
Authors: Williams Kinga
Published: August 2023

The article attempts to tease apart Regulative, Constitutive, Prescriptive and Descriptive Rules, and pinpoints their respective role in First and Second Language Acquisition as well as in Culture Learning.It is proposed that the proportion of Regulative Rules is generally under-estimated, while the incidence of Constitutive Rules tends to be over-estimated.The paper puts forward the Rule Category Substitution Fallacy, a hypothesis suggested to be of use in exploring what fuels other-culture intolerance.The Fallacy is demonstrated to be a practical manifestation of the Terror Management Theory (e.g. Greenberg et al 1997) and a compensation-strategy doomed to failure.Finally, alternative terror-management strategies are proposed.
South Caucasus’ Unresolved Past and the Nagorno-Karabach Juncture
Authors: Dyulgerova Nina , Manov Boris
Published: August 2023

The Caucasus region represents a clear example of an area of unresolved ethnic and religious problems that thread throughout the region’s historical development. During the Soviet era, due to Kremlin’s strength and ability to control the processes, these issues were suppressed by the socialist ideal of a conflict-free society and remained swept under the rug. However, the Caucasian republics in particular represent an area of preserved ethnic and religious contradictions during the nearly seventy-year period of the Soviet Union.
The paper aims at exploring the genesis and development of the ethnic and religious conflicts in the South Caucasus during the Soviet times, which after the disintegration of the USSR turned into permanent conflicts in this post-soviet space such as the conflict in Nagorno-Karabakh (between Armenia and Azerbaijan) and the ones in South Ossetia and Abkhazia, in Georgia. The study also seeks to explore the interstate aspect of those regional conflicts and the Russian role in them. Stalin’s consistent policy of active territorial redistributions deteriorated the situation, especially in the Caucasus region. Proof of the impossibility of consolidation in the region are the conflict points, South Ossetia and Abkhazia within the borders of Georgia, as well as Nagorno-Karabakh, which instigated an armed conflict between Azerbaijan and Armenia. South Ossetia and Abkhazia have been on Georgian territory for many years. Nagorno-Karabakh, despite being inhabited by over 90% Armenian population, was part of Azerbaijani territory during the Soviet era. The Soviet policy failed to create conditions for an effective integration of the separate ethnicities. Evidence of these problems in the Caucasus still echoes in the Nagorno-Karabakh military conflict in the autumn of 2020.
Efisiensi Saluran Pemasaran Sapi Potong Peternakan Rakyat di Kecamatan Soko Kabupaten Tuban
Authors: Wardana Aji Kusuma , Nugroho Taufik Rizal Dwi Adi
Published: August 2023

Beef cattle farmers in Soko District are still based on prices from intermediary traders because there is no benchmark price from the government, so farmers have a weak bargaining position. The purpose of this research was to determine the level of marketing efficiency of beef cattle in the marketing channel. The study was conducted in Soko District, Tuban Regency, with 60 respondents consisting of 43 breeders, 14 collectors, and three slaughters. The research was conducted from March to June 2022. A sampling of breeders was carried out by purposive sampling, and snowball sampling was carried out to identify the marketing channels. The analysis was done by identifying marketing channels and functions, analyzing marketing margin, farmer's share, marketing efficiency, and profitability index on each marketing channel. The study results showed that there are two models of marketing channels. The first model is called model A, a marketing channel for cattle, and model B, a marketing channel for beef. The marketing channel for the cattle, channel I Model A, is the most efficient. In contrast, the marketing channel for the meat, channel I Model B, is more efficient than Channel II Model B. Based on farmer's share calculations and marketing efficiency, the four marketing channels are efficient because has a farmer's share value of >50% and marketing efficiency of <5%. Breeders are advised to choose the shortest channel in marketing beef cattle. Beef cattle at a young age can be sold through channels I model A and II model A because these channels are already efficient according to margin analysis, farmer's share, marketing efficiency, and profitability index. For beef cattle with mature ages, breeders can sell directly to slaughters such as channel I model B so that breeders can get maximum profits.
An Energy-Efficient Learning Automata and Cluster-Based Routing Algorithm for Wireless Sensor Networks
Authors: Karmakonda Karthik , Das M. Swamy , Ravi Guguloth
Published: August 2023

Wireless sensor networks (WSNs), which may be used for a broad variety of applications, have recently emerged as a prominent data collection paradigm. The fundamental concerns in wireless sensor networks are the efficient use of energy and the reliable delivery of data, both of which are largely determined by the rate at which packets are dropped. When developing an energy-efficient routing protocol, one of the most important steps is selecting a node to act as a successor node in a routing path. The application of learning automata theory to guide the routing decisions made by the sensors in a WSN has recently been the subject of research in the field of WSNs, where it has been shown to have several advantages. In this paper, a learning automata-based PSO relay selection scheme for energyefficient relay selection and reliable data delivery is proposed. The network is clustered using the LEACH protocol. The random number in the traditional LEACH protocol will be stabilized with the sensor node energy level for CH stability. Every sensor node in the network estimates the best possible routes to the sink node using the PSO algorithm. Instead of retransmissions, here we introduce learning automata for successor node selection during packet loss. The proposed learning automata calculate the next node’s selection probability in a routing path using multi-objective parameters like communication cost, residual energy, distance from BS, buffer size, and previous selection probability. Performance evaluation clearly showed that the proposed approach decreases energy usage, transmission delays, and data transfers while extending network lifetime. According to the experimental results, the proposed scheme can improve energy efficiency by 21.68%, delay by 31%, PDR by 87%, routing overhead by 0.5%, and throughput by 18.76% as compared to existing techniques like O-LEACH (Optimized Low Energy Adaptive Clustering Hierarchy Protocol) and EEPC (enhanced energy proficient clustering).
Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar Materi Pengurangan Dan Penjumlahan Pecahan Melalui Permainan Monopoli
Authors: Nurmuliasari Safira
Published: August 2023

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mendeskripsikan peningkatan hasil belajar, dan mendeskripsikan aktivitas guru serta aktivitas siswa materi pengurangan dan penjumlahan pecahan dengan permainan monopoli di kelas IV tahun ajaran 2022/2023 MIN 2 Kota Palangka Raya.Penelitian ini menggunakan Penelitian Tindakan Kelas (PTK) model Kemmis dan Mc. Taggart, yang dilaksanakan oleh guru kelas IV MIN 2 Kota palangka Raya. Penelitian dilaksanakan sebanyak dua siklus setiap siklus terdapat tiga kali pertemuan. Subjek penelitian ini adalah siswa kelas IV E yang berjumlah 25 orang siswa. Teknik pengumpulan data yang dilakukan adalah tes dan observasi. Teknik analisis data dilakukan secara kuantitatif dan kualitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ada peningkatan hasil belajar materi pengurangan dan penjumlahan. Hasil belajar rata-rata kelas pada data tes awal (pretest) ada 3 atau 12% siswa tuntas dengan nilai rata-rata 50,84, pada siklus I ada 14 atau 56% siswa tuntas dengan nilai rata-rata 75,6, kemudian pada siklus II ada 25 atau 100% siswa tuntas dengan nilai rata-rata 86,4 dan pada data tes akhir (postest) ada 25 atau 100% siswa tuntas dengan nilai rata-rata 94,28. Untuk aktivitas guru dan siswa pada siklus I kategori baik dan pada siklus II meningkat menjadi kategori sangat baik. Berdasarkan hasil penelitiandapat disimpulkan dengan menggunakan permainan monopoli dapat meningkatkan hasil belajar siswa kelas IV MIN 2 Kota Palangka Raya.
أثر منهج تعليمي وفق دائرة التعلم السباعية في تعلم بعض مهارات الحركات الأرضية لدى تلاميذ الصف الخامس الابتدائي في المدرسة العالمية/ زيونة
Authors: خليل نيران
Published: August 2023

هدف البحث الى التعرف على أثر دائرة التعلم السباعية في تعلم بعض مهارات الحركات الأرضية، واستخدمت الباحثة المنهج التجريبي وشارك في هذه الدراسة عينة من تلاميذ الصف الخامس الابتدائي في المدرسة العالمية في زيونة، وشملت المهارات الحركية المدروسة مهارة الوقوف على اليدين ومهارة العجلة البشرية ومهارة القفزة العربية، وبعد تطبيق المنهج التعليمي لمدة ثمانية أسابيع بواقع وحدتين تعليمين في الأسبوع أظهرت النتائج تفوق المجموعة التجريبية على المجموعة الضابطة في جميع الاختبارات.
تأثير تمرينات التوازن في بعض المتغيرات الكينماتيكية لأداء الضرب الساحق العالي لدى لاعبي الكرة الطائرة
Authors: صادق هيثم , سبع أحمد
Published: August 2023

هدفت الدراسة التعرف على تأثير تمرينات التوازن بأدوات مختلفة في بعض المتغيرات الكينماتيكية لدى لاعبي الضرب الساحق العالي بالكرة الطائرة في الدوري العراقي الممتاز، وافترضا ان استخدام هذا النوع من التمارين سيكون مؤثرا في تطوير اداء المهارة لديهم. واستخدم الباحثان المنهج التجريبي الشبه محكم ذات الاختبار القبلي بعدي بتصميم المجموعة، وتم اختيار العينة من نادي الجيش الموسم (2021-2022) وعددهم (6) لاعبين متخصصين بالضرب الساحق العالي يمثلون نسبة (100%) من الضاربين، وتم استخدام البرنامج الاحصائي (SPSS) لاستخراج نتائج البحث. واستنتجا ان تمرينات التوازن للذراعين اسهمت وبشكل واضح في زيادة معدلات القفز العمودي للاعبين من خلال مرجحة الذراعين بالسرعة المطلوبة للنهوض بأقصى قوة ممكنة. وهناك تأثير ايجابي كبير على المتغيرات الكينماتيكية والتي ظهرت من خلال التطور في ارتفاع الورك وارتفاع الكرة لحظة الضرب وسرعة الخطوة. وضرورة استخدام الادوات المساعدة المناسبة مع ادوات التوازن بين الوحدات التدريبية لتكون عامل صعوبة على اللاعب وكذلك على سبيل التغيير بالشدة للتمرين فضلا عن التحكم في ازمان التمرين والراحة من خلال الزيادة والنقصان للخروج بأفضل النتائج. والتأكيد على استخدام تمرينات التوازن في مرحلتي الاعداد العام والخاص وبفضل اعطائها الوقت الكافي من التدريب خصوصا في فترة الاحماء لما لها من الاهمية على مستوى اللاعب في الفترة التالية (الرئيسة) من التمرين.
Limitada criticidad de los estudiantes del primer año de bachillerato del colegio Camilo Gallegos Domínguez, ante el uso inadecuado de las TIC
Authors: Rodríguez Uruchima Marco Antonio
Published: August 2023

El poco pensamiento crítico y la falta de responsabilidad para usar las tecnologías de la información y la comunicación (TIC), por parte de los estudiantes es una problemática cada vez más frecuente que aqueja a la educación y sociedad actual. Estas dificultades pueden tener graves repercusiones en el rendimiento académico y el bienestar general de los estudiantes. El uso generalizado de la tecnología y las formas globalizadas de comunicación se han convertido en una parte indispensable de nuestra cotidianidad, lo que hace que los adolescentes sean especialmente susceptibles al uso de las TIC, debido a su edad y a su falta de criterio para determinar una utilidad segura, lo que puede provocar efectos perjudiciales en el desempeño de los estudiantes, además de estrés y falta de concentración en sus actividades diarias, el presente trabajo interpreta las circunstancias que llevan a los estudiantes del primer año de bachillerato de la Unidad Educativa Camilo Gallegos Domínguez del Cantón Biblián Provincia del Cañar a tener una inadecuada metodología de uso ofimático, para conocer y atacar los aspectos de una mala utilización de dispositivos informáticos y  así aprovechar las ventajas de las TIC en la educación.
La Danza de la Playa ¿Un baile típico tumbesino?
Authors: Purizaga Sorroza Marithza Asunciona
Published: August 2023

La Danza de la Playa ¿Un baile típico tumbesino?
Geriatrik Yaş Grubunda Over Kanseri Tanısıyla Takip Ettiğimiz Hastaların Kliniko-patolojik Özellikleri
Authors: AYHAN Sevgi , KİMYON CÖMERT Günsu , BATUR Meltem , CEYLAN Özgün , ÖZKAYA UÇAR Yeşim , ÜNSAL Mehmet , TURAN Taner
Published: August 2023

Giriş: Bu çalışma geriatrik yaş grubunda over kanseri tanısıyla primer sitoredüktif cerrahi ile neoadjuvan kemoterapi sonrası interval cerrahi uygulanan hastaların kliniko- patolojik sonuçları ve postoperatif morbiditelerini karşılaştırmak amacıyla planlanmıştır.

Gereç ve Yöntem: 01.03.2019-01.03.2023 tarihleri arasında geriatrik yaş grubunda over kanseri olgularını içeren 103 hastanın kayıtları retrospektif olarak incelenmiş ve hastalar primer sitoredüktif cerrahisi ile neoadjuvan kemoterapi sonrası uygulanan interval cerrahi olarak iki grupta incelenmiştir. Hatalar komorbit hastalıkları, CA-125, hemoglobin düzeyleri, uygulanan tedavi seçenekleri, cerrahi sonrası histo-patolojik sonuçları, hastanede yatış süresi ve postoperatif komplikasyonlar açısından karşılaştırmalı olarak incelenmiştir.

Bulgular: 108 hastanın %47.6’sı (n:49) primer sitoredüksiyon alan grup, %52.4’ü (n:54) neoadjuvan kemoterapi sonrası interval cerrahi alan grup oluşturmaktaydı. Neoadjuvan alan grup istatiksel olarak anlamlı düzeyde daha fazla seröz histoloji (p=0.04), ileri evre (p=0.002), lenf nodu diseksiyonu operasyonu (p=0.002), ve ca-125 (p< 0.001) yüksekliği ile ilişkiliydi. Hastaların % 98.1’ine maksimal sitoredüksiyon ve %1.9’una suboptimal cerrahi uygulandı. Neoadjuvan kemoterapi sonrası interval cerrahi alan grup ile primer sitoredüksiyon alan grup arasında operasyon tipi, hastanede yatış süreleri, komorbidite ve yara yeri komplikasyonu açısından istatiksel olarak anlamlı fark izlenmedi.

Sonuç: Geriatrik yaş grubundaki over kanseri hastalarında maksimal sitoredüksiyon oranları yüksekti. Neoadjuvan kemoterapi sonrası interval cerrahi alan grup ile primer sitoredüktif cerrahi alan grub arasında maksimal sitoredüksiyon ve postoperatif komplikasyonlar açısından fark izlenmedi. Cerrahi sonuçları ve postoperatif morbiditeyi en aza indirmek için tersiyer merkezlerde jinekoloji onkoloji konusunda spesifikleşmiş merkezlerde hastaların tetkik ve tedavi edilmesi önem taşıyabilir.
WHO ARE ANESTHESIOLOGISTS AFTER THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC? EVALUATION OF PUBLIC AWARENESS ABOUT WHO ARE ANESTHESIOLOGISTS?
Authors: GÜLER Aygün , ÖZCAN Namık
Published: August 2023

Coronavirüs 2019 (COVID-19) hastalığından önce yapılan çalışmalarda, anestezistlerin ameliyathane içinde ve dışında görev ve rollerinin halk tarafından tam olarak bilinmediği görülmüştür. Bu çalışmada amacımız Türkiye’de COVID-19 pandemi sonrasında halkın gözünden anestezistlerin görevlerinin bilinip bilinmediği ölçülecektir.

Gereç ve yöntem: Çalışmada, 24 soru içeren bir anket, birçok farklı online platformlarla 16 yaşından büyük ve herhangi bir sağlık sektörüyle ilgisi olmayan halka sorulacaktır.

Bulgular: 2222 kişi anketi cevapladı ve yalnızca %37,6 ‘sı anesteziolojistlerin yoğun bakımda hasta takip ettiğini bilmiş ve ayrıca %68,4 cevaplayıcı ise anesteziyolojinin bir tıbbi uzmanlık olduğunu bilmiştir. %82,1 cevaplayıcı ise pandemi sırasında hastalarının hangi branş hekimi tarafından yoğun bakımda takip edildiğini bilememiştir. Cevaplayanların %59,9 gibi büyük bir kısmı COVID-19 pandemi sonrasında anesteziyolojistlerin görevleri hakkında bir düşüncelerinde bir değişiklik olmadığını bildirmişlerdir.

Sonuç: Çalışma anket cevaplayıcıları arasında eğitim seviyesi arttıkça, sağlık sistemi hakkında

daha çok bilgi sahibi olunduğunu ve Türkiye’de anesteziyolojistlerin görevlerinin pandemi sonrasında halen anlaşılamadığı görülmüştür. Bu çalışma, anesteziyolojistlerin görevlerinin halk tarafından daha iyi bilinmesi için daha fazla çalışma yapılması gerektiği gösterilmiştir.

Anahtar kelimeler: COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, anestezi, anesteziyolojist, yoğun bakım, ağrı, halk sağlığı