bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
3D‐Printed In Situ Growth of Bilayer MOF Hydrogels for Accelerated Osteochondral Defect Repair
Authors: Qin Kaiqi , Huang Xinyue , Wang Shengfeng , Liang Jiachen , Fan Zengjie
Published: November 2024

Repairing osteochondral (OC) defect presents a significant challenge due to the intricate structural requirements and the unpredictable differentiation pathways of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs). To address this challenge, a novel biomimetic OC hydrogel scaffold is developed that features a structure of soft and hard components. This scaffold incorporates bilayer metal–organic frameworks (MOFs), specifically ZIF‐67 in the upper layer and ZIF‐8 in the lower layer, achieved through an in situ printing process. This configuration enables the spatial and temporal modulation of BMSC differentiation by controlling the release of Co2⁺ and Zn2⁺. The results demonstrate that the bilayer MOF hydrogels significantly outperform hydrogels that either lack MOFs or contain a single type of MOF in enhancing repair outcomes in rabbit models of knee OC defects. The improved regenerative efficacy is attributed to the distinct chondrogenic and osteogenic differentiation cues provided by the bilayer MOFs, effectively guiding BMSCs toward enhanced tissue regeneration. This customizable biomimetic OC hydrogel scaffold not only opens new avenues for innovative therapeutic strategies but also holds great promise for widespread clinical applications.
Large‐Area Metal–Organic Framework Glasses for Efficient X‐Ray Detection
Authors: Zhu Xin , He Tengjiao , Song Xin , Shekhah Osama , Thomas Simil , Jiang Hao , Wu Wentao , He Tengyue , Guillerm Vincent , Shkurenko Aleksander , Wang Jian‐Xin , Alshareef Husam N. , Bakr Osman M. , Eddaoudi Mohamed , Mohammed Omar F.
Published: November 2024

Cutting‐edge techniques utilizing continuous films made from pure, novel semiconductive materials offer promising pathways to achieve high performance and cost‐effectiveness for X‐ray detection. Semiconductive metal–organic framework (MOF) glass films are known for their remarkably smooth surface morphology, straightforward synthesis, and capability for large‐area fabrication, presenting a new direction for high‐performance X‐ray detectors. Here, a novel material centered on MOF glasses for highly uniform glass film fabrication customized for X‐ray detection is introduced. MOF glasses, composed of zinc and imidazole derivatives, enable the transition from solid to liquid at low temperatures, facilitating the straightforward preparation of large‐area and continuous MOF films with high mobility for X‐ray device fabrication. Remarkably, MOF glass detectors demonstrate an exceptional sensitivity of 112.8 µC Gyair−1 cm−2 and a detection limit of 0.41 µGyair s−1, making them one of the most sensitive and with the best detection limits reported to date for MOF X‐ray detectors. Clear X‐ray images are successfully conducted using these developed MOF glass detectors for the first time. This breakthrough in X‐ray sensitivity, and detection limit along with the spatial imaging resolution establishes a new standard for developing large‐area and efficient MOF‐based X‐ray detectors with practical applications in medical and security screening.
Persistent Luminescence for Night‐Time Individual Identification Based on Quantum Tunneling
Authors: Wen Zaisheng , Liu Shengqiang , Zhang Yuchen , Wang Ting , Song Zhen , Liu Quanlin
Published: November 2024

Night‐time individual identification requires recognizing a specific object from a bunch of homogeneous entities through night‐vision devices. It will facilitate more effective coordinated actions in night‐time disaster rescue or enforcement actions. In this work, the near infrared (NIR) persistent luminescent materials are proposed as the technology solution, which can emit the non‐visible photons continuously for hours without the external excitation. In a magnetoplumbite‐type structure, Cr3+ ions are incorporated to realize NIR emissions. By co‐doping lanthanide ions and constitutional modulation, the afterglow signal can be clearly traced under the night‐vision device over 144 h. A series of spectral measurements are utilized to reveal the mechanism behind this prolonged afterglow duration, and quantum tunneling accounts for the carrier pumping from the deep traps. It avoids the quick exhaust of carriers stored in the shallow traps, and extends the afterglow duration. In a proof‐of‐concept demonstration, the synthesized powders are used to make a quick response pattern, which can be clearly visualized in a dark room by the night‐vision devices. This work is expected to promote the research and development of persistent luminescent materials within NIR region, and to accelerate the applications in night‐time monitoring and recognition.
Cost‐Effective DNA Storage System with DNA Movable Type
Authors: Wang Chenyang , Wei Di , Wei Zheng , Yang Dongxin , Xing Jing , Wang Yunze , Wang Xiaotong , Wang Pei , Ma Guannan , Zhang Xinru , Li Haolan , Tang Chuan , Hou Pengfei , Wang Jie , Gao Renjun , Xie Guiqiu , Li Cuidan , Ju Yingjiao , Wang Peihan , Yue Liya , Zhao Yongliang , Sheng Yongjie , Xiao Jingfa , Niu Haitao , Xu Sihong , Yang Huaiyi , Liu Di , Duan Bo , Bu Dongbo , Tan Guangming , Chen Fei
Published: November 2024

In the face of exponential data growth, DNA‐based storage offers a promising solution for preserving big data. However, most existing DNA storage methods, akin to traditional block printing, require costly chemical synthesis for each individual data file, adopting a sequential, one‐time‐use synthesis approach. To overcome these limitations, a novel, cost‐effective “DNA‐movable‐type storage” system, inspired by movable type printing, is introduced. This system utilizes prefabricated DNA movable types‐short, double‐stranded DNA oligonucleotides encoding specific payload, address, and checksum data. These DNA‐MTs are enzymatically ligated/assembled into cohesive sequences, termed “DNA movable type blocks,” streamlining the assembly process with the automated BISHENG‐1 DNA‐MT inkjet printer. Using BISHENG‐1, 43.7 KB of data files are successfully printed, assembled, stored, and accurately retrieved in diverse formats (text, image, audio, and video) in vitro and in vivo, using only 350 DNA‐MTs. Notably, each DNA‐MT, synthesized once (2 OD), can be used up to 10000 times, reducing costs to $122/MB—outperforming existing DNA storage methods. This innovation circumvents the need to synthesize entire DNA sequences encoding files from scratch, offering significant cost and efficiency advantages. Furthermore, it has considerable untapped potential to advance a robust DNA storage system, better meeting the extensive data storage demands of the big‐data era.
Pb‐Free Infrared Harvesting Colloidal Quantum Dot Solar Cells Using n‐p Homojunction Architecture
Authors: Park Youngsang , Kim Jugyoung , Jeong Minwoo , Shin Daekwon , Jung Jaegwan , Kim Hyoin , Jeong Hyeonjun , Kim Hyojung , Kim Yong‐Hyun , Jeong Sohee
Published: November 2024

Harvesting infrared (IR) sunlight using colloidal quantum dots (CQDs) holds significant promise for optoelectronic devices including photovoltaics (PVs) and self‐powered sensors. Traditionally, Pb chalcogenides have been utilized in energy devices, but needs for RoHS compliance derive the development of Pb‐free alternatives. A key challenge with Pb‐free materials is the low photovoltage in devices, primarily due to recombination in surface defects and interfaces within the architectures. Here, the Pb‐free CQD PVs capable of harvesting the IR light beyond the Si PVs are first presented. Designing an InAs CQD‐based homojunction architecture, with n‐type InAs absorbers passivated with multifunctional ligands and p‐type conductive InAs inks, efficient charge extraction is achieved while suppressing interface recombination. Additionally, the IR light path is modulated to match the absorber's absorption to optimize the performance. This led to InAs PVs with absorber bandgaps ranging from 1.35 to 1.03 eV, significantly improving the open‐circuit voltage from 0.05 to 0.26 V and fill factor from 29% to 50%, comparable to Pb‐based PVs. The InAs IR‐PVs exhibit a power conversion efficiency of 2.00% under one‐sun and 0.27% with a Si filter, outperforming control ones (0.28% and 0.03%). This work provides an effective strategy for designing Pb‐free, energy‐independent IR optoelectronics.
Spatial Occupancy Models for Data Collected on Stream Networks
Authors: Gimenez Olivier
Published: November 2024

To effectively monitor biodiversity in streams and rivers, we need to quantify species distribution accurately.

Occupancy models are useful for distinguishing between the non‐detection of a species and its actual absence. While these models can account for spatial autocorrelation, they are not suited for streams and rivers due to their unique network spatial structure.

Here, I propose spatial occupancy models specifically designed for data collected on stream and river networks. I present the statistical developments and illustrate their application using data on a semi‐aquatic mammal.

Overall, spatial stream network occupancy models offer a robust method for assessing biodiversity in freshwater ecosystems.
Anatomy and ontogeny of the “carnivorous aetosaur”: New information on Coahomasuchus kahleorum (Archosauria: Pseudosuchia) from the Upper Triassic Dockum Group of Texas
Authors: Parker William G. , Stocker Michelle R. , Reyes William A. , Werning Sarah
Published: November 2024

A newly referred specimen of Coahomasuchus kahleorum (TMM 31100‐437) from the lower part of the Upper Triassic Dockum Group of Texas preserves much of the skeleton including the majority of the skull. Introduced in the literature in the 1980s as the “carnivorous aetosaur”, TMM 31100‐437 bears recurved teeth that previously were considered unique among aetosaurs. The small size of the individual led to speculation that it represents a skeletally immature individual that retains a plesiomorphic dentition for Archosauromorpha. We provide a detailed evaluation of the anatomy and phylogenetic relationships of this specimen. Apomorphies of the osteoderms and braincase support the referral of the specimen to C. kahleorum. Histological analysis of the femur demonstrates that TMM 31100‐437 does not represent a juvenile form of another known aetosaur. Thus, TMM 31000‐437 provides another case demonstrating that aetosaur species spanned a wide range of maximum body sizes, from approximately 1.5 m to over 5 m in length. Reanalysis of the type specimen of C. kahleorum, along with information from TMM 31000‐437, demonstrates that the lateral osteoderms are not autapomorphic as previously described and have distinct lateral and medial flanges as well as a dorsal eminence. Overall, this specimen provides key details regarding body size and diet in an early occurring aetosaur.
Distributed fixed‐time sliding mode formation control for unmanned aerial‐ground vehicle (UAV‐UGV) heterogeneous system
Authors: Guo Xing , Li Qing , Yao Qijia , Lu Xiaoya
Published: November 2024

This study proposes a distributed fixed‐time sliding mode formation control (FTSMFC) method to address formation control problem for unmanned aerial‐ground vehicle (UAV‐UGV) heterogeneous system under the directed topology and subject to external disturbances. First, a distributed fixed‐time state observer (FTSO) is introduced to provide state estimation of the leader UAV, which overcomes the limitation of partial information availability among followers. Then, a novel fixed‐time disturbance observer (FTDO) is presented to enhance the system's anti‐disturbance ability by estimating and compensating external disturbances within a fixed time. Furthermore, by integrating sliding mode techniques and the information from the FTSO and FTDO, a distributed FTSMFC is developed to enforce the system to achieve predefined formation configuration within a fixed time independent of initial states of the system. Finally, a simulation comparison with the other controllers is carried out to show the validity and superiority of the proposed formation control law.
Accelerating Brain MR Imaging With Multisequence and Convolutional Neural Networks
Authors: Mo Zhanhao , Sui He , Lv Zhongwen , Huang Xiaoqian , Li Guobin , Shen Dinggang , Liu Lin , Liao Shu
Published: November 2024

Purpose

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) refers to one of the critical image modalities for diagnosis, whereas its long acquisition time limits its application. In this study, the aim was to investigate whether deep learning–based techniques are capable of using the common information in different MRI sequences to reduce the scan time of the most time‐consuming sequences while maintaining the image quality.

Method

Fully sampled T1‐FLAIR, T2‐FLAIR, and T2WI brain MRI raw data originated from 217 patients and 105 healthy subjects. The T1‐FLAIR and T2‐FLAIR sequences were subsampled using Cartesian masks based on four different acceleration factors. The fully sampled T1/T2‐FLAIR images were predicted from undersampled T1/T2‐FLAIR images and T2WI images through deep learning–based reconstruction. They were qualitatively assessed by two senior radiologists in accordance with the diagnosis decision and a four‐point scale image quality score. Furthermore, the images were quantitatively assessed based on regional signal‐to‐noise ratios (SNRs) and contrast‐to‐noise ratios (CNRs). The chi‐square test was performed, where p < 0.05 indicated a difference with statistical significance.

Results

The diagnosis decisions from two senior radiologists remained unchanged in accordance with the accelerated and fully sampled images. There were no significant differences in the regional SNRs and CNRs of most assessed regions (p > 0.05) between the accelerated and fully sampled images. Moreover, no significant difference was identified in the image quality assessed by two senior radiologists (p > 0.05).

Conclusion

Deep learning–based image reconstruction is capable of significantly expediting the brain MR imaging process and producing acceptable image quality without affecting diagnosis decisions.
Establishment of a Novel Risk Stratification System Integrating Clinical and Pathological Parameters for Prognostication and Clinical Decision‐Making in Early‐Stage Cervical Cancer
Authors: Wu Haiying , Huang Lin , Chen Xiangtong , OuYang Yi , Li JunYun , Chen Kai , Huang Xiaodan , Chen Foping , Cao XinPing
Published: November 2024

Background

Highly heterogeneity and inconsistency in terms of prognosis are widely identified for early‐stage cervical cancer (esCC). Herein, we aim to investigate for an intuitional risk stratification model for better prognostication and decision‐making in combination with clinical and pathological variables.

Methods

We enrolled 2071 CC patients with preoperative biopsy‐confirmed and clinically diagnosed with FIGO stage IA‐IIA who received radical hysterectomy from 2013 to 2018. Patients were randomly assigned to the training set (n = 1450) and internal validation set (n = 621), in a ratio of 7:3. We used recursive partitioning analysis (RPA) to develop a risk stratification model and assessed the ability of discrimination and calibration of the RPA‐derived model. The performances of the model were compared with the conventional FIGO 2018 and 9th edition T or N stage classifications.

Results

RPA divided patients into four risk groups with distinct survival: 5‐year OS for RPA I to IV were 98%, 95%, 85.5%, and 64.2%, respectively, in training cohort; and 99.5%, 93.2%, 85%, and 68.3% in internal validation cohort (log‐rank p < 0.001). Calibration curves confirmed that the RPA‐predicted survivals were in good agreement with the actual survivals. The RPA model outperformed the existing staging systems, with highest AUC for OS (training: 0.778 vs. 0.6–0.717; internal validation: 0.772 vs. 0.595–0.704; all p < 0.05), and C‐index for OS (training: 0.768 vs. 0.598–0.707; internal validation: 0.741 vs. 0.583–0.676; all p < 0.05). Importantly, there were associations between RPA groups and the efficacy of treatment regimens. No obvious discrepancy was observed among different treatment modalities in RPA I (p = 0.922), whereas significant survival improvements were identified in patients who received adjuvant chemoradiotherapy in RPA II–IV (p value were 0.028, 0.036, and 0.024, respectively).

Conclusion

We presented a validated novel clinicopathological risk stratification signature for robust prognostication of esCC, which may be used for streamlining treatment strategies.
Rapid Detection of Stabilizer Content in Double‐Base Propellant Based on Artificial Neural Network Combined With Near‐Infrared Spectroscopy
Authors: Ouyang Dihua , Cui Tianyu , Zhang Qiantao , Dai Haoxiang , Qin Xiaowen , Hu Yaoli
Published: November 2024

During long‐term storage, double‐base propellants are prone to chemical decomposition of internal nitrate esters, leading to decreased burn rate, reduced strength, and degraded ballistic performance. Adding an appropriate amount of Centralite‐II is crucial for ensuring storage safety. This study proposes a novel method combining near‐infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) with artificial intelligence to rapidly and non‐destructively detect the content of Centralite‐II in double‐base propellants. The optimal modeling wavelength ranges of 4000–4600 cm−1 and 5700–6100 cm−1 were identified, and the raw spectral data were preprocessed using standard normal variate (SNV) transformation to improve the signal‐to‐noise ratio. Principal component analysis (PCA) was then applied to reduce data dimensionality, and the first three principal components were used as inputs for a backpropagation (BP‐ANN) neural network. The resulting PCA‐BP‐ANN model showed excellent performance on the training set, with an
of 0.9830 and an
of 0.0376%. During independent validation, the model demonstrated strong generalization ability, achieving an
of 0.9824 and an
of 0.3179%, comparative analysis with other models, including BP, PLS, ELM, SVR, and LSTM, indicated that the PCA‐BP‐ANN model exhibited superior prediction accuracy and generalization capability. This method provides a rapid and non‐destructive approach for assessing the stabilizer content in double‐base propellants and expands the application of NIRS and AI techniques in the field of energetic materials.
Contemporary Use of β‐Blockers in Heart Failure Patients With and Without Atrial Fibrillation: A Nationwide Database Analysis
Authors: Nakai Michikazu , Iwanaga Yoshitaka , Kanaoka Koshiro , Sumita Yoko , Nishioka Yuichi , Myojin Tomoya , Okada Katsuki , Noda Tatsuya , Imamura Tomoaki , Miyamoto Yoshihiro
Published: November 2024

Evidence of the effectiveness of β‐blockers in heart failure (HF) and atrial fibrillation (AF) in a contemporary cohort is controversial. This study investigated the association between the use of β‐blockers and prognosis in hospitalized HF patients with and without AF in Japan. Patients hospitalized with the first episode of acute HF were identified from the National Database of Health Insurance Claims and Specific Health Checkups of Japan between April 2014 and March 2021. Associations of β‐blocker use and prognosis were compared by propensity score matching among the AF or non‐AF group. A mixed‐effects survival model was used, and hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated. Among 428,650 patients discharged with HF in 4,433 hospitals, 175,174 (40.9%) were ≥ 85 years old, 151,873 (35.4%) had complicated AF, and 236,457 (55.2%) were β‐blocker users. In a matched AF group, β‐blocker use was associated with a lower composite outcome of all‐cause mortality or HF rehospitalization (HR [95% CI], 0.95 [0.93–0.97]). A similar result was obtained in a matched non‐AF group (0.95 [0.94–0.96]). In addition, the HRs in patients aged ≥ 85 years and female patients were 1.00 [0.98–1.02] and 1.01 [0.98–1.03] in the AF group and 1.03 [1.01–1.05] and 0.98 [0.97–1.00] in the non‐AF group, respectively. The favorable prognostic associations of β‐blocker use were observed regardless of AF in patients across a broad spectrum of HF in a superaged society.
Detecting EPO in Microvolumetric Capillary Serum Shipped at Ambient Temperature for Antidoping Testing
Authors: Miller Geoffrey D. , Goodrum Jenna M. , Flores America K. , Crouch Andre K. , Eichner Daniel
Published: November 2024

Erythropoietin receptor agonist (ERA) testing for antidoping can be achieved in both urine and blood samples. Recent published work showed the comparability between the two matrices and focused on detectability in microvolumetric capillary serum samples collected using the Tasso+ device. Currently, in the antidoping field, blood samples are required to be shipped under cold, temperature‐controlled conditions. However, due to the suggested greater stability of EPO in blood compared to urine, it is believed that blood samples should be viable for ERA analysis if shipped under the ambient, not cold temperature‐controlled conditions to which urine samples are subjected. In this collaborative study with the Ultimate Fighting Championship, microvolumetric capillary serum samples were collected in the field and shipped under ambient conditions to the laboratory for ERA analysis. Resulting data showed that endogenous EPO was detectable in 100% of these samples, showing no loss in detectability despite shipping under non‐controlled conditions. Further, ERA analyses were conducted in the laboratory on additional in‐house collected samples and post‐EPO administration samples subjected to various storage and shipping conditions, also showing reliable endogenous and recombinant EPO detectability in all samples except those experiencing extreme temperature (50°C) conditions. Taken together, these data highlight the stability of EPO in blood samples and show that ERA blood samples can be collected in the field and shipped without costly temperature‐controlled shipping methods and without a loss in detectability.
Engaged Onlooking: How Organisational Identification Shapes Public Condoning of Corporate Corruption
Authors: Neville Fergus G. , Haslam S. Alexander , Homan Maaike , Reicher Stephen D. , Steffens Niklas K.
Published: November 2024

We examine how social identity processes shape condoning of organisational corruption among onlookers. Two studies examined the willingness of outside observers to condone, or else condemn, corrupt actions of real organisations, a process we call ‘engaged onlookership’ building on the social identity approach to engaged followership. In both Study 1 (cross‐sectional) and Study 2 (experimental), we found that identification with a company guilty of malfeasance and identification with the monitoring agency who uncovered their scandal independently predicted opposing effects on condoning corruption, even while controlling for moral identity and demographic factors. These findings were then replicated and extended in Study 3 that made several methodological improvements upon previous studies. Results provided additional evidence of an indirect effect of the manipulation on condoning corruption through company identification. These findings provide support for an engaged onlookership model of corruption which posits that onlookers are more likely to endorse morally problematic behaviour when they believe it is performed by, and in the interests of, an organisation with which they identify.
Exploration of Hydrogen Storage Exhibited by Rh‐Decorated Pristine and Defective Graphenes: A First‐Principles Study
Authors: Ramchiary Amit , Mondal Paritosh
Published: November 2024

We utilized density functional theory (DFT) to ascertain the storage of hydrogen in Rh‐decorated pristine (PG) and defective graphenes, primarily graphitic‐N (GNG) and pyridinic‐N (PNG). The binding energy of a single Rh atom on PG, GNG, and PNG was found to be −1.87, −2.18, and −4.01 eV, respectively. PG exhibits a weak adsorption energy of hydrogen molecules (−0.06 eV/H2). On the other hand, Rh‐decorated pristine and defective graphenes show incredibly higher hydrogen adsorption energy. As per the latest guidelines of the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE), the Rh‐decorated GNG (Rh@GNG) is found to be the best hydrogen storage material out of the three systems investigated here. The single Rh atom‐decorated GNG adsorbs up to 4H2. Uniform decoration of graphene surfaces with Rh atoms is necessary to improve hydrogen storage performance. Both sides of GNG surfaces are decorated with 8Rh atoms, which can adsorb up to 24H2 molecules, with an average adsorption energy of −0.33 eV/H2. The mechanism of H2 adsorption on the host system has been explored based on DFT‐evaluated deformation of charge density, partial density of states (PDOS), and non‐covalent interaction (NCI) plots. For a better understanding of the adsorption process, the diffusion energy barrier of Rh metal is computed using the climbing image nudged elastic band (CI‐NEB) method, and the thermal stability has been evaluated through ab initio molecular dynamics (AIMD) simulations.
An Updated Review on the Mechanisms, Pre‐Clinical and Clinical Comparisons of Nicotinamide Mononucleotide (NMN) and Nicotinamide Riboside (NR)
Authors: Yang Xu , Lu Anni , Guan Xiao , Ying Tianlei , Pan Jingrong , Tan Mingqian , Lu Jun
Published: November 2024

The study of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) biology has gained popularity recently. Research discovered that two NAD+ biosynthesis intermediates, nicotinamide riboside (NR) and nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN), are biosynthetic precursors of NAD+, an essential chemical for metabolism. Many studies show that NAD+ levels fall considerably with aging, with NAD+ regeneration in aging animals increasing longevity and enhancing health. According to research on the two molecules, NMN and NR, supplementation with either raises NAD+ levels during aging. The objective of this review is to highlight current developments in the biology of NAD+ in relation to NR or NMN supplement. This review highlightings significant discoveries about NR and NMN supplementation in relation to NAD+ biological activities and health benefits.
Prediction of intrapartum cesarean delivery among women with obesity: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Gabbai Daniel , Gilboa Itamar , Attali Emmanuel , Yogev Yariv , Lavie Anat
Published: November 2024

Objective

To determine risk factors and design a clinically based predictive model for the risk of intrapartum cesarean delivery (CD) in women with obesity.

Methods

A retrospective cohort study was conducted in a single tertiary medical center between 2012 and 2022 and included all consecutive women with a pre‐gestational body mass index (BMI) ≥30 who planned a trial of labor. Uni‐ and multivariate analyses compared maternal and neonatal characteristics of women who delivered vaginally to those who underwent intrapartum CD. A specific risk prediction score was developed in accordance with the relative risk to predict the need for intrapartum CD.

Results

Of the 5663 women with obesity included in the study cohort, 424 (7.5%) underwent intrapartum CD and 5239 (92.5%) delivered vaginally. The independent risk factors for CD were maternal age >35 years, pre‐gestational BMI category (BMI 35–40 and BMI >40), nulliparity, epidural anesthesia, induction of labor, antibiotic administration during labor, multiple gestation, previous uterine scar, and pre‐eclampsia. The intrapartum CD prediction score model demonstrated predictive performance with 85% sensitivity and 70% specificity.

Conclusion

Score model for intrapartum CD can be used by caregivers to offer a more informed consultation to women with obesity facing the decision of mode of delivery.
Limited Sampling Strategy for Predicting the Area under Plasma Concentration–Time Curve of Nadolol in Healthy Subjects
Authors: Misaka Shingen , Maejima Yuko , Shimomura Kenju
Published: November 2024

Nadolol is a hydrophilic β‐adrenoceptor blocker with a relatively long half‐life and negligible metabolism. It is a substrate of P‐glycoprotein and organic anion transporting polypeptide 1A2, and may serve as an in vivo probe drug for the assessment of drug–drug and food–drug interactions mediated by these transporters. In the present study, we aimed to develop limited sampling strategy (LSS) models for predicting the area under the plasma concentration–time curve (AUC0‐∞) of nadolol. Plasma concentration data (Ct) in healthy volunteers reported in four previous studies were randomly divided into a training dataset for model development (n = 15) and a test dataset for model validation (n = 16). By multiple linear regression analysis, we confirmed that four out of the eight models using two time points and all models using three time points met the acceptable criteria. In particular, the three time point models using (C3, C6, and C24) and (C4, C8, and C24) showed better predictive performances with r2 values of 0.983 and 0.980, respectively. In drug interaction studies of nadolol with itraconazole, rifampicin, grapefruit juice, and green tea extract, both LSS models accurately predicted the AUC0‐∞ with percent mean absolute error ≤11% and percent root mean square error ≤12%. In addition, using digitized pharmacokinetic data of nadolol, both LSS models were further validated by predicting the AUC0‐∞ in different doses. The results suggest that the LSS models using three time points allow a reliable prediction of AUC0‐∞ of nadolol in healthy individuals.
Advancing an integrated understanding of land–ocean connections in shaping the marine ecosystems of coastal temperate rainforest ecoregions
Authors: Hunt Brian P. V. , Alin Simone , Bidlack Allison , Diefenderfer Heida L. , Jackson Jennifer M. , Kellogg Colleen T. E. , Kiffney Peter , St. Pierre Kyra A. , Carmack Eddy , Floyd William C. , Hood Eran , Horner‐Devine Alexander R. , Levings Colin , Vargas Cristian A.
Published: November 2024

Land and ocean ecosystems are strongly connected and mutually interactive. As climate changes and other anthropogenic stressors intensify, the complex pathways that link these systems will strengthen or weaken in ways that are currently beyond reliable prediction. In this review we offer a framework of land–ocean couplings and their role in shaping marine ecosystems in coastal temperate rainforest (CTR) ecoregions, where high freshwater and materials flux result in particularly strong land–ocean connections. Using the largest contiguous expanse of CTR on Earth—the Northeast Pacific CTR (NPCTR)—as a case study, we integrate current understanding of the spatial and temporal scales of interacting processes across the land–ocean continuum, and examine how these processes structure and are defining features of marine ecosystems from nearshore to offshore domains. We look ahead to the potential effects of climate and other anthropogenic changes on the coupled land–ocean meta‐ecosystem. Finally, we review key data gaps and provide research recommendations for an integrated, transdisciplinary approach with the intent to guide future evaluations of and management recommendations for ongoing impacts to marine ecosystems of the NPCTR and other CTRs globally. In the light of extreme events including heatwaves, fire, and flooding, which are occurring almost annually, this integrative agenda is not only necessary but urgent.
Plasma Carbonization of Sustainable Lignin Fiber‐Derived Papers for Supercapacitor Electrodes
Authors: Schuster Philipp A. , Mirle Chinmaya , Kuske Lisa , Schmidt Frank , Buchmeiser Michael R. , Rohrbach Felix , Bansmann Joachim , Terbrack Stefan , Heuermann Holger , Frank Erik , Kuehne Alexander J. C.
Published: November 2024

The majority of carbon materials on the market are produced from polyacrylonitrile precursor fibers using high‐temperature oven processes. Despite approaches for green carbon fiber precursors, current stabilization and carbonization processes require large amounts of energy and render carbon materials costly and environmentally not sustainable. Here, a plasma carbonization treatment is employed for papers made from lignin/polyvinylpyrrolidone precursor fibers. The process provides carbonization within a timeframe of a few seconds, while the degrees of porosity, conductivity, and hydrophobicity can be tuned. It is shown that the properties of these carbonized papers are suitable for application as supercapacitor electrodes with capacitances in the range of 40 mF g−1 with very good cycling stability dropping by less than 20% over 4000 cycles.
Zinc Finger Protein 263 Augments Autophagy and Promotes Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma Proliferation
Authors: Yan Zaihua , Du Yadan , Chen Yawen , Yang Jian , Zhang Haoyang , Da Mingxu
Published: November 2024

Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) is an aggressive cancer characterized by a poor prognosis. Despite Zinc finger proteins (ZNFs) importance in tumor development and progression, it is unknown how dysregulated ZNF263 contributes to intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma. This study aimed to determine whether ZNF263 plays an oncogenic role in ICC progression. The microarray of tumor tissues from clinical intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma was immunohistochemically analyzed for ZNF263. Based on plate colony formation, CCK8, and tumor xenograft models, ZNF263 was assessed for its biological function. Mechanistically, CUT&Tag, RNA‐seq, CHIP‐PCR, Dual luciferase reporter assay, Western blotting, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and immunohistochemical staining were employed. ZNF263 expression was elevated in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma tissues compared to nontumor tissues, which negatively impacted patient outcomes. Notably, ZNF263 overexpression promoted ICC cells proliferation via enhancing autophagy, whereas ZNF263 knockdown inhibited ICC cells proliferation. Furthermore, ZNF263 binds to the enhancer region of ULK1 and mediates its expression. ULK1 over‐expressing ameliorated ZNF263 knockdown‐induced inhibition of CRC proliferation. By activating the ULK1‐autophagy axis, ZNF263 promotes proliferation of ICC and is potentially a prognostic or therapeutic target of ICC.
MR‐zero meets FLASH – controlling the transient signal decay in gradient‐ and RF‐spoiled gradient echo sequences
Authors: Weinmüller Simon , Endres Jonathan , Dang Nam , Stollberger Rudolf , Zaiss Moritz
Published: November 2024

Purpose

The complex signal decay during the transient FLASH MRI readout can lead to artifacts in magnitude and phase images. We show that target‐driven optimization of individual RF flip angles and phases can realize near‐ideal signal behavior and mitigate artifacts.

Methods

The differentiable end‐to‐end optimization framework MR‐zero is used to optimize RF trains of the FLASH sequence. We focus herein on minimizing deviations from the ideally spoiled signal by using a mono‐exponential Look–Locker target. We first obtain the transient FLASH signal decay substructure, and then minimize the deviation to the Look–Locker decay by optimizing the individual (i) flip angles, (ii) RF phases, and (iii) flip angles and RF phases. Comparison between measurement and simulation is performed using Pulseq in 1D and 2D.

Results

We were able to reproduce the complex substructure of the transient FLASH signal decay. All three optimization objectives can bring the real FLASH signal closer to the ideal case, with best results when both flip angles and RF phases are adjusted jointly. This solution outperformed all tested conventional quadratic RF cyclings in terms of (i) matching the Look–Locker target signal, (ii) phase stability, (iii) point spread functions ideality, (iv) robustness against parameter changes, and (v) magnitude and phase image quality. Other target functions for the signal could as well be realized, yet their response is not as general as for the Look–Locker target and needs to be optimized for a specific context.

Conclusion

Individual flip angle and RF phase optimization improves the transient signal decay of FLASH MRI sequences.
Investigation of mechanical and electrical properties of photopolymer nanocomposites reinforced with carbon‐based nanoparticles produced by digital light processing 3D printing technique
Authors: Eren Oğulcan , Yüksel Nurullah , Şahin İsmail
Published: November 2024

Digital Light Processing (DLP) techniques are being increasingly investigated to create advanced composite materials with improved properties by incorporating a variety of nanoparticles. In this study, the mechanical and electrical properties of photopolymer nanocomposite materials reinforced with carbon‐based nanoparticles produced by DLP were investigated. The nanocomposites were produced by incorporating varying proportions of Multi‐Walled Carbon Nanotubes (MWCNT), reduced Graphene Oxide (rGO), and combinations of Carbon Black and Carbon Nanotubes (CB/CNT) into the photopolymer matrix. The mechanical properties of the nanocomposites were assessed by tensile testing, while their electrical conductivity was determined using the four‐point probe technique. This study was the first to investigate the most effective concentrations of three distinct carbon‐based nanoparticles and the impact of their homogeneous distribution on the performance of composites with a holistic approach. The morphological analysis of the composites, conducted using optical microscopy and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), revealed the critical role of nanoparticle distribution in determining composite properties. The findings indicate that the incorporation of nanoparticles at low proportions (up to 0.5 wt%) resulted in a significant improvement, with up to an 82% increase in the ultimate tensile strength of the photopolymer. Nevertheless, as the nanoparticle ratio increased, a rise in material brittleness and a decrease in mechanical strength were observed. On the other hand, electrical conductivity showed a significant increase when the percolation threshold was exceeded in the composites reinforced with MWCNT (0.5%wt) and CB/CNT (0.75%wt).

Highlights

The properties of DLP composites with carbon nanoparticles are investigated.

SEM analysis shows nanoparticle dispersion's key role in composite performance.

0.5% rGO reinforcement boosts tensile strength by up to 82%.

Conductivity surges at 0.5% MWCNT, surpassing the percolation threshold.

High nanoparticle ratios increase composite brittleness.
Study on the mechanism of waterborne polyurethane modified ultrafine ground calcium carbonate and its properties in polypropylene plastics
Authors: Yang Xianrong , Shuai Huan , Du Gaoxiang , Wang Jiao , Shen Jie
Published: November 2024

Ground calcium carbonate (GCC) has the effect of reducing the incremental cost and improving the application performance as a plastic filler. In this study, waterborne polyurethane (WPU) was employed as a novel modifier for the wet modification of GCC. Polypropylene (PP)‐based composites incorporating GCC were then prepared for mechanical properties testing. The oil absorption value, wetting contact angle, and settling time in kerosene indicated that the modified GCC achieved an excellent modification effect with a WPU dosage of 2.0 wt%. The X‐ray Diffraction, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy, and X‐ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy results indicate that WPU was successfully coated on the surface of the GCC. SEM images revealed improved wettability and compatibility of GCC in the composites after modification. The mechanical tests showed that the GCC‐WPU/PP composites exhibited enhanced properties, including a flexural strength of 107 MPa, impact strength of 9.54 kJ/m2, tensile strength of 29.7 MPa, and an elongation at break of 30.9%.

Highlights

WPU was innovatively used as a modifier of GCC.

An optimal modification effect was gained at the low dosage (2.0 wt%).

GCC has excellent compatibility and wettability in PP composites.

The obtained PP‐based composites have better mechanical properties.

The study has the potential to apply GCC in plastics and other industries.
A PDZ tandem repeat folds and unfolds via different pathways
Authors: Pennacchietti Valeria , di Matteo Sara , Pagano Livia , Toplek Fran Bačić , Stegani Bruno , Toto Angelo , Toso Julian , Puglisi Elena , Capelli Riccardo , Di Felice Mariana , Malagrinò Francesca , Camilloni Carlo , Gianni Stefano
Published: November 2024

Protein folding and unfolding experiments are interpreted under the assumption of microscopic reversibility, that is, that at equilibrium one process is the reverse of the other. Single‐domain proteins illustrate the validity of such an interpretation, although reversibility does not necessarily hold under the different conditions typically used for folding and unfolding experiments. In fact, more complex proteins, which often exhibit irreversible unfolding, are generally considered not amenable to folding kinetics studies. Here, the X11 PDZ1‐PDZ2 tandem repeat allows us to reveal the different folding and unfolding pathways at play under different experimental conditions, thus reconciling the apparent contradiction between theory and experiment.
Event‐Based Formation Control for Multi‐UAV Systems Under DoS and Deception Attacks
Authors: Pan Kunpeng , Yang Feisheng , Lyu Yang , Ji Mingyue , Tan Zheng , Pan Quan
Published: November 2024

Intermittent random denial‐of‐service attacks (IRDoS) and deception attacks in multi‐UAV systems (MUAVs) can present significant security challenges. The intrusions of IRDoS attacks and deception attacks, respectively, can interrupt the network communication among followers and manipulate the received neighbor information with a certain probability, failing MUAVs to complete the formation task. A secure formation controller is developed for MUAVs in the presence of IRDoS and deception attacks, utilizing a distributed dynamic event‐triggered mechanism (DETM). Unlike the static event‐triggered mechanism, the triggering threshold of the DETM is adaptively adjustable, which can reduce data transmission and save network resources. The stability of the system is analyzed, and sufficient conditions are derived. Additionally, the duration and probability of successful attacks are examined. Ultimately, the simulation results showcase the efficacy and superiority of the suggested approach.
Statistical Inference for Box–Cox based Receiver Operating Characteristic Curves
Authors: Bantis Leonidas E. , Brewer Benjamin , Nakas Christos T. , Reiser Benjamin
Published: November 2024

Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis is widely used in evaluating the effectiveness of a diagnostic test/biomarker or classifier score. A parametric approach for statistical inference on ROC curves based on a Box–Cox transformation to normality has frequently been discussed in the literature. Many investigators have highlighted the difficulty of taking into account the variability of the estimated transformation parameter when carrying out such an analysis. This variability is often ignored and inferences are made by considering the estimated transformation parameter as fixed and known. In this paper, we will review the literature discussing the use of the Box–Cox transformation for ROC curves and the methodology for accounting for the estimation of the Box–Cox transformation parameter in the context of ROC analysis, and detail its application to a number of problems. We present a general framework for inference on any functional of interest, including common measures such as the AUC, the Youden index, and the sensitivity at a given specificity (and vice versa). We further developed a new R package (named ‘rocbc’) that carries out all discussed approaches and is available in CRAN.
Simulating New Fusidic Acid Derivatives to Target Gram‐Positive Bacteria by Using Computational Methods
Authors: Hossain Md. Shamim , Sakib Mohiuddin , Rahman Shofiur , Al‐Gawati Mahmoud A. , Alodhayb Abdullah N. , Albrithen Hamad , Hossain Md. Mainul , Poirier Raymond A. , Uddin Kabir M.
Published: November 2024

Gram‐positive bacteria represent a significant threat due to their resistance to conventional antibiotics. This study employs computational methods to investigate fusidic acid (FA) derivatives (1–24) as potential antibiotics against Gram‐positive bacteria. Techniques such as density functional theory calculations, molecular docking, and molecular dynamics simulations were utilized to evaluate ligand interactions with target proteins Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) elongation factor G (fusA) (2XEX), fusidic acid resistance protein (fusB) (4ADN), and fusidic acid resistance protein (fusC) (2YB5), comparing them to established antibiotics (ceftobiprole, linezolid, vancomycin). Notably, ligand 16 demonstrated a remarkable binding affinity to the S. aureus elongation factor G protein (−8.7 kcal mol⁻¹), closely aligning with both in vitro and in vivo results and outperforming fusidic acid and reference drugs. In silico methods (SwissADME, AdmetSAR, Molinspiration, Molsoft) were used to assess pharmacokinetics and drug‐likeness. Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations confirmed superior S. aureus elongation factor G stability for ligands fusidic acid 1, (Z)‐2‐((3R,4S,8S,9R,10S,11R,13S,14S,16S)‐16‐acetoxy‐3,11‐dihydroxy‐4,8,10,14‐tetramethylhexadecahydro‐17H‐cyclopenta[a]phenanthren‐17‐ylidene)‐5‐cyclohexylidene‐ pentanoic acid (14), (Z)‐2‐((3R,4S,8S,9R,10S,11R,13S, 14S,16S)‐16‐acetoxy‐3,11‐dihydroxy‐4,8,10,14‐tetramethylhexadecahydro‐17H‐cyclopenta[a]phenanthren‐17‐ylidene)‐5cyclohexylidenepentanoic acid (16), and (Z)‐2‐((3R,4S,8S,9R,10S,11R,13S,14S,16S)‐16‐acetoxy‐3,11‐dihydroxy‐4,8,10,14‐tetramethylhexadecahydro‐17H‐cyclopenta[a]phenanthren‐17‐ylidene)‐5‐cyclopentylidenepentanoic acid (17), with ligand 16 exhibiting exceptional stability across various temperatures, especially at human body temperature (310 K). Further molecular dynamics simulations of ligand 16 validated its robust stability and potential to disrupt S. aureus elongation factor G, supporting the docking results and showing strong consistency with in vitro and in vivo findings. Consequently, ligand 16 emerges as a promising candidate for further development as an anti‐Gram‐positive bacterial drug, pending validation through rigorous clinical trials.
Plausible Colloidal Methods to Synthesize Semiconductor Nanowires: Deep Study From ZnSe Nanorods
Authors: Yu Chunyu , Li Yibo , Qin Yue , Wang Yinghui , Ning Jiajia
Published: November 2024

When the diameter of semiconductor nanowires is below the Bohr radius, confined excitons in the radial direction can freely move along the elongated axis direction, highlighting their potential for applications in quantum information and optoelectronic devices. Controlled anisotropic growth and oriented attachment are viable strategies for producing ultra‐long semiconductor nanowires with precisely controlled lengths and diameters. Anisotropic ZnSe nanorods are used as the initial seeds for the controlled anisotropic growth and oriented attachment methods. ZnSe nanorods/nanowires with limiting lengths of tens to hundreds of nanometers are produced. The advantages and limitations of semiconductor nanowires via controlled anisotropic growth and oriented attachment are summarized. The perspective for the promotion of controlled anisotropic growth and oriented attachment is discussed, which allows to promotion of the precise synthesis of semiconductor ultra‐long nanowires to develop the fundamental research and applications of ultra‐long semiconductor nanowires.