bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Indian philosophy as a precursor of the string theory of consciousness. Part 1
Authors: Belokopytov Yu. N. , Panasenko G. V.
Published: June 2024

Introduction. In this paper, the formation of the ancient Indian philosophy has been studied and its connection to consciousness. The Indian philosophy has come a long way from its onset, in parallel with the Chinese and Ancient Greek philosophy. At the same time, the ideas of some of its branches and schools differ in a number of features. Purpose setting. By the example of the Sankhya school of philosophy, we have explored the evolution of the views of ancient Indian philosophers on the evolution of the Universe, nature and man. We have put particular emphasis on the concept of consciousness. Methodology and methods of the study. In Sankhya system, the fundamental Prakriti and Purusha principles are identified. Other elements are supplementary. Ancient philosophers laid special emphasis on the three vibrating gunas. These are sattva, rajas, and tamas. We have revealed the functional connections among the gunas. The way they interact, in balance or dominance, determines the entire variety of material and spiritual processes. The evolution of the Universe in the Sankhya interpretation is close to the scientific theory of the Big Bang. The development of nature can be traced through the complication of atoms starting from the influence of a stimulus on unconscious chaos. The result of human evolution is the emergence of consciousness derivatives: intellect, mind and I (Ego). This allows better understanding of the behavioral characteristics of an existing personality. Yoga complements Sankhya system and makes it possible to transform consciousness in a number of states. Results. The analysis was carried out using scientific articles and monographs relatively unknown in the Russian press. Cognitive development occurs in a spiral. The scientific theory of strings appeared two and a half millennia after the emergence of the gunas concept. We have made a number of analogies between ancient Indian gunas and contemporary string theory. And have substantiated the theory of consciousness not with quantum theory, but with a deeper string theory. The concept of consciousness is supported in line with the scientific paradigm of T. Kuhn. The leading ideas are the ideas about information of D. Chalmers and the physicist J. Wheeler. Conclusion. Thus, the phenomenon of consciousness has a silicon and biological basis. We insist on using the semantic concept of artificial consciousness instead of artificial intelligence. Therefore, between human consciousness and artificial consciousness there may be dangerous risks of dominance of the latter.
Designing innovative model of education content based on traditional values of folk culture in context of interaction of general and additional education
Authors: Baytuganov V. I.
Published: June 2024

Introduction. The relevance of this article is determined by the tasks of preserving the values of folk culture as a source of social transformation in our society for its stable functioning and development. The article examines the organizational and pedagogical conditions of the content of education based on the values of folk culture, including the structure, curricula and programs, subjects and subject cycles for different levels of both school and additional education, including their interaction. Purpose setting. The task of the work is to substantiate an innovative model of the content of education – the School of Folk Culture as a valuable one in the interaction of general and additional education, as well as the design of its components for primary general and secondary education. The ethnocultural educational standard for the School of Folk Culture is substantiated. Methodology and methods of the study. The content of education based on the values of folk culture is considered in the context of cultural, axiological and systemic approaches. The criteria and principles of selecting the content of education based on the traditions of folk culture, as well as organizational and pedagogical conditions for building a model of the content of education are determined. Results. The groups of actual values of folk culture are identified: family, work and public service, which are included in these levels of education. The concept of the content of education in folk culture is clarified, the didactic factors of folk culture included in the structure of the model of the content of education are determined. The constituent components of the fundamental core of the ethno-cultural educational standard for Schools of folk culture have been developed. Conclusion. The process of forming value orientations based on the traditions of folk culture consistently includes: 1) introducing students to the world of traditional culture through the creation of folk culture classes in elementary school; 2) familiarization with the peculiarities of folk culture through the creation of creative teams of middle school students; 3) the inclusion of high school students through the creation of research groups in the understanding of the philosophical foundations of folk culture.
Just Impute, the Details Don’t Matter?! Quantifying the Influence of (Mostly) Arbitrary Decisions on the Quality of Imputation Results
Authors: Bittmann Felix
Published: June 2024

Multiple imputation by chained equations (MICE) is a popular and well-researched statistical approach to account for missing data in empirical research. However, applying the technique requires researchers to set dozens of smaller and larger parameters to build an adequate imputation model before estimating the analytical model of interest. It is somewhat unclear how severely small and potentially arbitrary decisions influence the quality of the produced findings. The current study tests this empirically using a simulation approach with datasets with low and high shares of missing data points that are missing at random (MAR). For each of the two specifications, 4,200 simulations are conducted where multiple parameters are randomly varied to create a diverse range of potential imputation models. The results demonstrate that even random imputation models can significantly reduce bias compared to listwise deletion since more than 90% of all simulations give less biased results. All minor decisions taken together explain between 11% and 21% of the variation in the statistics of interest. The most substantial influence on this variation is due to the selection of the imputation algorithm within MICE. These findings demonstrate that almost any imputation model, even those built with little care, will often result in a higher quality than applying listwise deletion, as long as critical assumptions, such as MAR and the avoidance of severe misspecifications, hold.
Macroeconomic Factors Affecting Out-of-Pocket Payments for Health: Evidence from Panel Data Analysis of SAARC Countries
Authors: Subedi Khem Raj
Published: June 2024

This paper explores factors affecting Out-of-Pocket payments for healthcare expenditures in SAARC countries. The specific objectives of the paper were to compare healthcare expenditure patterns amongst the SAARC countries and explore the macroeconomic, demographic and social factors influencing OOP payments for healthcare these countries. The model selection tests suggest that the fixed effect model is the most appropriate for the data, though the random effect model also provides valuable insights. Fixed effect model result showed that a 1 per cent change in GDP per capita, consumer price index, population aged 65 years and above causes change in out-of-pocket payments for healthcare by 1.08 per cent (p< 0.01), 0.09 per cent (p< 0.05), 1.20 per cent (p
Diagnóstico de la cultura organizacional de una institución de posgrado en ingeniería mediante el Marco de Valores en Competencia
Authors: Hernández Gutiérrez Carolina , Juárez Pacheco Cándido Manuel
Published: June 2024

Ante las cambiantes condiciones del entorno en las Instituciones de Educación Superior (IES), la cultura organizacional emerge como un factor crucial para la adaptación y el éxito continuo, especialmente en el posgrado en ingeniería. Dada la falta de estudios sobre la cultura organizacional en el TecNM/Cenidet, este trabajo tiene como objetivo caracterizar la percepción de la cultura organizacional del personal administrativo de este Centro de posgrado en ingeniería. Se empleó el Instrumento de Evaluación de la Cultura Organizacional (OCAI) en una muestra de 31 administrativos de una población de 55. La confiabilidad del OCAI se respalda mediante el coeficiente Alfa-Cronbach y la prueba de esfericidad de Bartlett. Los resultados revelan que la cultura dominante actual es Jerárquica (25,87 puntos), mientras que la cultura deseada es Clan (25,41 puntos). Aunque, se evidencian los valores internos en competencia en ambos dominios culturales, según la percepción de los participantes.
The Augmented Reality Based Flashcards for Learning Heat and Thermodynamics in High School
Authors: Siahaan Sardianto Markos , Putri Regita Elsa
Published: June 2024

The objective of this study is to create augmented reality flashcards for teaching heat and thermodynamics to 11th grade students. These flashcards will be used in the classroom during learning sessions for 11th grade science students. The work was executed utilizing the Alessi and Trollip methodology, which encompasses the stages of planning, design, and development. The data were obtained by means of expert validation and a response questionnaire. The findings indicated that the material had a validity rate of 92% and fell into the category of being highly valid. Similarly, the media had a validity rate of 86.95% and also fell into the highly valid category. Therefore, the product gets a validity rating of 89.47% and falls into a very valid category. The practicality score during the first stage of the beta test was 89.2%, with a specific focus on the practical category and a sample size of 4 students. In the second stage of the beta test, the practicality score decreased to 86.27%, with the same focus on the practical category but with a larger sample size of 10 students. The teacher's answer to the practical category yielded a score of 87%. Therefore, the flashcard product utilizing augmented reality for the subject of heat and thermodynamics in the 11th grade of high school could be used for learning purposes.
Oxidative Stress and Symptoms Associated with Multiple Sclerosis.
Authors: Piñar-Morales Raquel , Duran-Ogalla Raquel , Bautista Alicia , Garcia Maria Jose , Aliaga-Gaspar Pablo , Vives-Montero Francisco , Barrero-Hernández Francisco J
Published: June 2024

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic, inflammatory and degenerative disease that affects the central nervous system with an unknown pathophysiology. Oxidative stress appears to play a prominent role in both the onset of the disease as well as the perpetuation of the inflammatory and neurodegenerative process. We have analysed parameters relating to oxidative stress in people with multiple sclerosis (pwMS) and healthy people. In pwMS, the ratio of oxidative stress was determined using clinical and neuroimaging variables. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity was higher in pwMS compared to the control group, while the total antioxidant capacity (TAC), 4-hydroxynonenal (4-HNE) and 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8 OH-dG) were lower in pwMS. The TAC levels correlated with age and the time of evolution. The pwMS with a slowing down in the speed of processing exhibited lower levels of TAC and greater levels of 4-HNE. No relationship was found between oxidative stress and the presence of depression, fatigue or a lower quality of life. The results suggest that the mechanisms involved in the cognitive impairment (CI) observed in MS may be related to oxidative stress, which is why these parameters could be useful in diagnosis and monitoring.
Activities of the dorsolateral and medial prefrontal cortices during oral function training: an NIRS study
Authors: Abe Masumi , Nouchi Rui , Ogawa Toru , Shiraishi Naru , Hihara Hiroki , Sasaki Keiichi , Yoda Nobuhiro
Published: June 2024

Background
Cognitive function plays a crucial role in human life, and its maintenance and improvement are essential in both young and older adults. Since cognitive decline can be associated with oral function decline, preventing the decline in both cognitive and oral functions is an urgent social issue. Several training methods to improve each function have been proposed. Previous studies have indicated that greater brain activity during training is associated with increased benefits for cognitive function. Although adding cognitive function elements to oral function training may promote the activation of brain activity during oral function training, the effects have not been validated. This study aimed to develop a novel training program that combines oral function training with cognitive training, which is expected to activate key brain regions involved in oral and cognitive functions, such as the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) and right medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC).
Methods
Four types of training programs combining oral and cognitive training: PaTaKaRa × calculation, lip exercise × N-back, tongue exercise × inhibition, and tongue exercise × memory, were developed. Each program had seven levels of difficulty [level 0 (no cognitive load) and level 6 (maximum difficulty)]. Twelve healthy young adults participated in the study and were instructed to perform all four programs. Brain activity in the left DLPFC and right mPFC were measured during each training session using two-channel near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS).
Results
No significant brain activity was observed during training at level 0. Brain activity in the left DLPFC was significantly increased at levels 1 and 2 and in the left DLPFC and right mPFC at level 6 during PaTaKaRa × calculation training. Brain activity in the left DLPFC was significantly increased at level 6 during tongue exercise × inhibition training. Brain activity in the left DLPFC and right mPFC was significantly increased at level 6 during lip exercise × N-back training.
Conclusion
Oral function training did not significantly increase brain activity; nevertheless, oral function with cognitive training stimulated brain activity in the prefrontal cortex.
Trial registration
UMIN-CTR. ID: UMIN000039678. date: 06/03/2020
Complications and Perioperative Managements after Extraperitoneal Laparoscopic Radical Cystectomy and Ileal Orthotopic Neobladder: Our Initial Experience
Authors: Wang Li , Huang Jiao , Wang Ke , Zhang Zongliang , Zhao Kai , Yin Xinbao , Zhu Guanqun
Published: June 2024

Objective
With the increasing of extraperitoneal laparoscopic radical cystectomy (ELRC) and ileal orthotopic neobladder (ION), we described perioperative management, complications and management of postoperative complications for patients with ELRC and ION.
Methods
We retrospectively collected perioperative managements, complications and management of postoperative complications for patients after ELRC and ION from January 2020 to December 2023 in our center.
Results
Totally 81 patients with bladder tumor underwent ELRC and ION. 48patients suffered from postoperative complications. According to Clavien-Dindo class, 21 patients were identified as 1, 18 patients were identified as 2, and 7 patients were identified as 3. Only 2 patient was identified as 4. The mean follow-up was 31 ± 17.64 months. Overall survival was 97.53%. Recurrence-free survival was 92.59%. The main short-term complications were infection(23.46%), ileus(3.70%), leakage of urine(17.28%), lymph fistula(8.64%), anemia and hypoproteinemia(9.88%). Medium- and long-term complications were Chronic hydronephrosis(8.64%), Anastomotic stoma stricture of ureter (2.47%), Anastomotic stoma stricture of urethra(6.17%), stone(4.94%) and incontinence (9.88%).
Conclusions
Most of complications after ELRC and ION were informidable and solvable. Invasive approaches need to be considered and performed by experienced urologists.
Multi-Metric Assessment of Obesity Prevalence And Association with Metabolic Syndrome In Type 2 Diabetes: A Tertiary Hospital Experience
Authors: Dada Akinola Olusola , Faniyi Oluwatobi Ayodele , Ajibare Adeola Olubunmi , Ojo Oluwafemi Tunde , Akingbola Adewunmi
Published: June 2024

Introduction

Obesity is a metabolic disorder characterized by a complex interplay of genetic predisposition as well as socioeconomic and behavioral influences. This study aims to understand how anthropometric measures predict the risk of metabolic syndrome among individuals with Type 2 DM using BMI, waist circumference, waist-to-hip ratio, and waist-to-height ratio.

Methodology

The retrospective cross-sectional study used medical records of 202 patients being managed for Type 2 DM at Lagos State University Teaching Hospital endocrine clinic within the study period of 3 months. The chi-square test and simple logistic regression were used to explore the association between variables.

Results

The prevalence of obesity was 77 (38.1%) based on BMI, 139 (68.8%) after waist circumference measurement, 187 (92.6%) Waist to Hip Ratio and 194 (96.0%) Waist to Height Ratio. The differences observed were statistically significant (p = <2.2e-16). Univariate logistic regression found individuals diagnosed more than 20 years before the onset of the study have significantly higher odds of obesity compared to those with a duration ≤ 5 years (OR = 4.21, 95% CI = 1.10 - 20.48, p = 0.04598). The likelihood of developing metabolic syndrome was notably elevated among individuals categorized as overweight or obese based on BMI [ OR = 2.48, 95% CI (1.17 - 5.35), p = 0.018729] , waist circumference, [ OR = 21.08, 95% CI (10.11 - 46.59), p = 4.16e-15] and Waist-to-hip ratio [ OR = 3.60, 95% CI (1.24 - 11.20), p = 0.0201]. However, no statistically significant association was observed using the Waist to Height Ratio.

Conclusion

Body Mass Index (BMI), waist circumference, waist-to-height ratio, and waist-to-hip ratio all provide valuable insights that capture different aspects of body fat distribution. However, BMI and waist circumference were the strongest predictors of metabolic syndrome in this population.
Analysis of the clinical characteristics and treatment of candidemia caused by different pathogens
Authors: Zhang Chenguang , wu sheng , chen xuyan
Published: June 2024

Objective
To analyzing of the clinical characteristics and treatment of candidemia caused by different pathogens.
Methods
A retrospective study was conducted with a focus on patients who had a clear diagnosis of "candidiasis" in our hospital from January 2020 to July 2023. The demographic data, past history, vital signs at onset, laboratory examination, treatment plan and prognosis were collected and analyzed.
Results
There was no significant difference in the age of onset or mortality of patients in the different pathogen groups (F1 = 0.26,P1 = 0.85;F2 = 3.31, P2 = 0.34) .Broad-spectrum antibiotic use, BMI, albumin, parenteral nutrition support, history of gastrointestinal surgery, history of urinary tract surgery and history of G+ coccidiosis infection were risk factors for death in patients with candidemia. WBC counts in the C. albicans and C. tropicalis groups were significantly greater (F = 3.95, P = 0.01) than those in the other groups. The C. tropicalis group had higher serum creatinine levels and shorter TTD (F1 = 8.40, P1 = 0.03; F2 = 5.03, P2 < 0.01).The efficacy of triazoles was similar to that of echinocandins (χ2 = 0.05, P = 0.81). After comparing the efficacy of triazoles and echinocandins across the four of pathogen groups, no measurable difference was detected (χ12 = 1.20, P1 = 0.75; χ22 = 0.05, P2 = 0.81) .
Conclusion
In addition to common risk factors such as older age and hypoproteinemia, a history of gastrointestinal and urinary surgery, a history of broad-spectrum antibiotic use, long-term parenteral nutrition support and G+ coccyxaemia may also be risk factors for death due to candidemia. Echinocandins are recommended as first-line treatments.
The potential of Insulin Resistance Indices to predict Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Tian Jie , Cao Yutian , Zhang Wenhui , Wang Aiyao , Yang Xinyi , Dong Yinfeng , Zhou Xiqiao
Published: June 2024

Background: The triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index and related parameters, and as well as Homeostatic Model Assessment for Insulin Resistance(HOMA-IR), are recently developed as insulin resistance markers, which can identify the individuals with a risk of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). However, whether it can be used to predict NAFLD among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) remains unclear. This study aims to observe the performance of insulin resistance indices in diagnosing NAFLD combined with T2DM, and compare the diagnostic values in clinical practice.
Patients and Methods: 268 patients with T2DM from the Endocrinology Department of Jiangsu Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine were enrolled in this study, they were divided into two groups: the NAFLD group (T2DM with NAFLD) and the T2DM group (T2DM without NAFLD). General information and blood indicators of the pariticipants were collected, and insulin resistance indices were calculated based on the data. Furthermore, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was conducted to calculate the area under the curve (AUC) of the insulin resistance-related indices.
Results：ROC analysis revealed that among the five insulin resistance-related indices, four parameters (TyG、TyG-BMI、TyG-WC and TyG-WHR) exhibit high predictive performance for identifying NAFLD except for HOMA-IR. Of particular, TyG-BMI demonstrated the superior predictive value, especially in the males and individuals with a BMI less than 23 kg/m². For the male and the lean patients, AUC for TyG-BMI was 0.764 (95% CI 0.691 - 0.827) and 0.817 (95% CI 0.626 - 0.937), respectively. The sensitivity and specificity for the male NAFLD were 90.32% and 47.89%. While for the lean patients, the sensitivity and specificity were 80% and 82.6%, respectively. Moreover, In the fully adjusted models, there were positive associations of TyG, TyG-BMI, TyG-WC, TyG-WHR and HOMA-IR to CAP, with the βs of 21.30, 0.745, 0.247 and 2.549 (all p<0.001), respectively.
Conclusion: TyG-BMI is promising to predict NAFLD combined with T2DM, especially for the lean and male T2DM patients.
Analysis of Maternal Mortality in Tertiary Care Hospital Mogadishu, Somalia: Identifying Trends, Causes, and Risk Factors to Improve Pregnancy Outcomes: a retrospective study
Authors: Moallim Abdirahman Omar , Hassan-Tuuryare Sakariye Abdullahi , Hilowle Ifah Adan Hilow , Özer Özgür , Mohamed Suleyman Abdullahi , Botan Anfac Farah , Tohow Abdurahman Hussein , Kimutai Timothy Kiprotich , Omar Abdikarim Ali , Hussein Ahmed Issak
Published: June 2024

Background: Maternal mortality remains a significant worldwide health concern, with 95% of all maternal fatalities occurring in low and lower-middle-income nations. The maternal mortality rate(MMR) in low-income countries in 2020 was reported to be 430 per 100,000 live births versus 12 per 100,000 in high-income countries. Somalia possesses one of the most elevated rates of maternal mortality globally, where women confront a lifetime risk of maternal death estimated at 1 in 22. This study aims to analyse maternal mortality cases within a tertiary care hospital in Mogadishu, Somalia, the study aims to identify prevailing trends, underlying causes, and key risk factors.
Methods: The study employed a retrospective research design to review maternal death case files and extract relevant information for analysis. The study was carried out at the Mogadishu Somali Türkiye Training and Research Hospital, a tertiary care facility in Mogadishu, Somalia. A total of 73 maternal death case files were included in the study. The inclusion criteria involved selecting cases with complete documentation and information relevant to the study objectives.
Results: The demographic data revealed that most maternal deaths occurred among women aged 25 to 29, the trend analysis demonstrated fluctuations in maternal deaths over the five years. The analysis of the data reveals that postpartum haemorrhage(PPH) is the leading cause of maternal deaths, accounting for 35% of the cases, followed by eclampsia (19%), CVA (cerebrovascular accident) (16%), HELLP syndrome(11%). Anaemia was also one of the leading indirect causes of maternal deaths. Regarding pregnancy outcomes, live births accounted for 69% (n=50) of the total pregnancies. 22(31%) of the pregnancies resulted in bad outcomes, stillbirth 10(14%), predelivery deaths 8(11%), spontaneous abortion 2(3%), ectopic(1%) and induced abortion 1(1%).
In conclusion, this research contributes valuable insights into maternal deaths and the factors associated with the outcome of birth among mothers who died. The findings underscore the importance of targeted interventions to address leading causes of maternal deaths, improve access to quality prenatal care, and ensure timely delivery.
Semi-supervised Prediction of Milling Cutter Wear Based on an Empirical Formula for Cutting Force and Wear
Authors: Yu Wujun , Zhan Hongfei , Yu Junhe , Wang Rui
Published: June 2024

Accurately predicting tool wear is essential for maintaining high machining quality. Currently, deep learning models are extensively utilized in predicting tool wear. However, deep learning models are prone to local optima, and limited tool wear sample data and multi-sensor feature fusion limit the model's ability to generalize and extract valid information. To address the above problems, this paper proposes a semi-supervised milling cutter wear prediction method based on an empirical formula for cutting force wear, which is modelled (IRM-CFAM) by the Inception-ResNet Module (IRM) and the Channel Feature Adaptive Module (CFAM). By introducing an empirical formula for cutting force wear, the cutting forces in the unlabeled samples are input to estimate wear values and construct wear curves. Based on the constructed wear curves, a monotonic loss function guided by an empirical curve of milling cutter wear is proposed. Meanwhile, the estimated wear values are combined with unlabeled samples to form a second data source, which is then merged with the labeled samples to expand the dataset. The constructed CFAM consists of channel attention and cross-attention mechanisms, which achieves adaptive fusion of weights. Following validation on the PHM2010 milling cutter dataset, the proposed method attained average RMSE and MAE values of 6.693 and 5.136, respectively, across three test sets, showing a significant advantage over other methods. This research facilitates accurate prediction of milling cutter wear and introduces a novel approach for expanding sample data.
The composition of the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal bacteriome is species dependent
Authors: Lahrache Zakaria , Legeay Jean , Ahmed Bulbul , Hijri Mohamed
Published: June 2024

Background
In addition to their role as endosymbionts for plant roots, arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) engage in complex interactions with various soil microorganisms, the rhizosphere, and the root endosphere of host plants. They also host diverse prokaryotic groups within their mycelia, contributing to what is termed multipartite symbiosis. In this study, we examined the impact of three AMF species—Rhizophagus irregularis, R. clarus, and R. cerebriforme—combined with microbial bioaugmentation on the diversity and composition of bacterial communities in the mycelia and hyphosphere. Using a microcosm design to separate the influence of host plant roots from AMF mycelia, we employed Illumina MiSeq amplicon sequencing.
Results
Our results revealed that, while AMF identity and microbial bioaugmentation did not affect the structure of bacterial communities in the hyphosphere soil, they significantly altered the communities associated with their mycelia. Although all three AMF species belong to the same genus, with R. irregularis and R. clarus being closely related compared to R. cerebriforme, we observed variations in the bacterial communities associated with their mycelia. Interestingly, the mycelial bacterial community of R. cerebriforme contained 60 bacteriome core taxa exclusive to it, while R. clarum and R. irregularis had 25 and 9 exclusive taxa, respectively.
Conclusion
This study suggests that organismal phylogeny influences the bacterial communities associated with AMF mycelia. These findings provide new insights into AMF and bacterial interactions, which are crucial for the successful deployment of AMF inoculants. The taxonomic diversity of AMF inoculants is important for engineering the plant microbiome and enhancing ecosystem services.
Exploring the relationships between extreme Body mass index and pain, somatic health, and psychiatric disorders in adolescents: a multinational analysis of general population data
Authors: Mzadi Abdennour El , Zouini Btissame , Bador Kourosh , Råstam Maria , Kerekes Nóra
Published: June 2024

Background
Maintaining a healthy body mass index (BMI) during adolescence is crucial for optimal physical and mental well-being. This investigation sought to examine the relationships between extreme BMI values and self-reported experiences of pain, somatic diseases, and psychiatric disorders in adolescents.
Methods
A cohort of 5132 adolescents (average age of 16.69 ± 1.02 years; 62.1% girls/) was gathered from five countries using an online survey. The data collection took place as part of the Mental and Somatic Health without borders project, from September 2020 to February 2021. The participants were categorized into four groups based on their BMIs. Through the application of nonparametric tests, this study explored variations in gender and the prevalence of somatic diseases/complaints, diagnosed psychiatric disorders, and perceived pain across distinct BMI groups.
Results
BMIs in the underweight and overweight categories were more common in male participants than in female participants (p = 0.04 and p = 0.001, respectively, with weak effect sizes). Underweight individuals demonstrated elevated rates of cancer and epilepsy (p ≤ 0.01), while overweight individuals exhibited higher rates of depression, asthma, diarrhea, and thyroid diseases (p ≤ 0.01). Obesity was linked to significantly increased frequencies of attention-deficit disorder and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, anxiety, depression, allergies, asthma, and constipation (p ≤ 0.02). The strengths of these associations ranged from weak to moderate. Adolescents with obesity reported significantly higher levels of pain intensity (p < 0.001), albeit with a small effect size.
Conclusion
BMIs in the overweight and obese categories are connected to asthma and digestive issues, while those in the underweight category are associated with cancers and epilepsy. Adolescents with obesity are more susceptible to pain (both intensity and frequency), and those with extreme BMIs experience ADHD, anxiety, and depression at a higher rate than those with BMIs in the normal range. These findings underscore the crucial need to deepen our understanding of the intricate relationships between BMI and health outcomes in adolescents. This knowledge will inform targeted interventions and strategies aimed at enhancing both physical and mental well-being in this vulnerable population.
Effects of CDP-choline on osteogenic differentiation of pre-osteoblastic MC3T3-E1 cells
Authors: Baris Elif , Ertugruloglu Pınar
Published: June 2024

The cholinergic system, traditionally associated with neurotransmission, has been recognized for its involvement in bone physiology and osteogenesis. This study investigates the effects of CDP-choline, a compound known for its neuroprotective properties, on the osteogenic differentiation of pre-osteoblastic MC3T3-E1 cells. The objective was to determine if CDP-choline could enhance key markers of osteogenesis, such as alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, hydroxyproline (HYP) content, intracellular calcium levels, and collagen production. Mouse pre-osteoblast MC3T3-E1 cells were cultured and differentiated in osteogenic media supplemented with CDP-choline. Cell viability was assessed using the MTT assay. Intracellular calcium levels were measured using a spectrofluorometric assay. ALP and HYP levels were determined using ELISA. Statistical significance was analysed using ANOVA and Student’s t-test. CDP-choline treatment significantly enhanced ALP activity in both cell lysates and media, indicating early osteogenic differentiation. HYP levels were also significantly elevated, suggesting enhanced collagen synthesis and bone matrix stability. Intracellular calcium levels increased, confirming active osteogenic differentiation potential of CDP-choline. The findings demonstrate that CDP-choline significantly promotes osteogenic differentiation in pre-osteoblastic MC3T3-E1 cells. The increase in ALP activity, HYP content, intracellular calcium levels highlight its potential as a natural agent for bone health and regeneration therapies. These results suggest that CDP-choline could be a promising candidate for developing new treatments for bone-related disorders.
Organic and inorganic polymeric matrix of modified chitosan with algae and coal fly ash for cationic toxic dye removal: Multivariable optimization by Box-Behnken Design
Authors: Wu RuiHong , Kashi Elmira , Jawad Ali H. , Musa Salis Awal , ALOthman Zeid A. , Wilson Lee D.
Published: June 2024

In this study, a composite adsorbent of chitosan/algae/coal fly ash (CS/Alg/FA) was synthesized to be an effective and renewable adsorbent for cationic methyl violet 2B dye (MV2B) removal from synthetic wastewater. The optimization of key adsorption variables (A: CS/Alg/FA dosage (0.02-0.1 g/100 mL), B: solution pH (4-10); C: contact time (20-180 min)) was carried out using the Box-Behnken design (BBD). The Langmuir isotherm model (coefficient of determination R² = 0.94) provided a good fit for the empirical data, and the pseudo-second-order model accurately described the kinetic data. The maximum adsorption capacity (qmax) of CS/Alg/FA for MV2B was determined to be 63.4 mg/g at 25 ⁰C. The possible adsorption mechanism of MV2B can be assigned to electrostatic attractions along with n-π, and H-bonding interactions. Thus, this comprehensive study underscores the potential of CS/Alg/FA as a preferable adsorbent for the removal of cationic organic dyes from industrial wastewater.
Synthesis and characterization of Modified Bismuth ferrite (1-x)BiFeO 3 - x(BiK)Ti/MnO 3 , (x=0.15, 0.20)
Authors: Sourav S. K. , Choudhary R. N. P. , Prasad Umakant
Published: June 2024

In present era main aim of the researchers is to develop lead free material for ferroelectric material device. Ceramics of perovskite compounds were successfully synthesized using a chemical decomposition method, with the composition (1-x) BiFeO3-x(Bi K)TiMnO3, where x was varied at 0.15 and 0.20. The confirmation of compound creation was based on the analysis of Crystelloplotic XRD pattern data. The BKTM 15% exhibits an average grain size of 0.41 µm, while BKTM 20% shows 0.40 µm. Energy-dispersive X-ray analysis detected elements such as Bi, Fe, Na, K, Ti, and Mn. Modulus property exploration revealed non-Debye model relaxation behavior, observed particularly for sensor technology applications. To investigate the relaxation and conduction mechanisms in these samples were conducted at different temperatures and recurrence. Additionally, the scanning electron microscope (SEM) was employed to examine particle allocation and the location of grain boundaries. Impedance spectroscopic studies covered a wide temperature range (300-780K) and a broad recurrence range (103-106 Hz). Complex plane and Impedance scale are semicircular arcs, which related to semiconducting character of the sample.
Ocean Energy Systems Wave Energy Modeling Task 10.4: Benchmark Study of the DTU OWC Chamber with One-Way Absorption
Authors: Bingham Harry Bradford , Joensen Bárður , Read Robert William , Nielsen Kim , Tran Thanh Toan , Said Hafiz Ahsan , Kelly Thomas , Ringwood John V. , Imai Yasutaka , Zanden Joep van der , Eskilsson Claes , Shiri Alex Abolfazl
Published: June 2024

This paper reports on a new milestone under the "OES Task 10Numerical modelling and verification", established to provide numerical modeling guidelines for wave energy converters. The task has been initiated by the International Energy Agency Technology Collaboration Programme for Ocean Energy Systems (OES). This study complements the studies presented in Bingham et al (2021) and Wendt et al (2019). Here we focus on small-scale (1:50) measurements of a single, Oscillating Water Column chamber mounted sideways in a long flume. The geometry of the OWC chamber is extracted from a barge-like, attenuator-type floating concept "KNSwing" with 40 chambers targeted for deployment in the Danish part of the North Sea. In addition to the traditional two-way energy extraction from an OWC, we also consider a one-way energy extraction of power with passive venting and compare chamber response, pressures and total absorbed energy between the two methods. A blind study was established for the numerical modeling, with participants applying several implementations of weakly-nonlinear potential flow theory and commercial Navier-Stokes solvers (CFD). Both compressible and incompressible models were used for the air phase.
Structure, stability, and dynamics of the inclusion complexes formed by auranofin derivatives and hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin
Authors: Santos Hélio F. Dos , Anconi Cleber P. A.
Published: June 2024

The inclusion compounds of auranofin (AF) and its iodide derivative (AF-I) with HP-b-CD were recently identified and characterized experimentally. In the present work, classical molecular dynamics and quantum computational GFN2-xTB method were applied to investigate the inclusion processes. As a result, both approaches addressed the AF-I@HP-β-CD as the most favorable system, as observed experimentally. The higher stability of AF-I@HP-β-CD was explained by entropy and solvation factors, with the GFN2-xTB method providing stability constant (logK1:1) in good agreement with experiment: 0.21 – 1.21 for AF@HP-β-CD and 1.31 – 2.33 for AF-I@HP-β-CD (experimental values are 1.48 and 2.52, respectively). The preferred inclusion mode for AF-I@HP-β-CD has the triethylphosphine (-PEt3) group pointed toward the head portion of the HP-β-CD where the hydroxypropyl groups are attached (labeled as P2). The P2 mode showed short contacts between -CH2CH3 groups (-PEt3) and -H3 only (inside the CD cavity), which is also supported by ROESY experiments.
Correlation analysis of exercise volume and musculoskeletal disorders in people with income level differences: Research based on the 2011–2018 NHANES dataset
Authors: Pan Xiangjun , Liu Shibo , Chen Bo , Yu Zehao , Hao Wang , Tang Xiongfeng , Qin Yanguo
Published: June 2024

Objectives
Socioeconomic factors significantly impact human health; however, the impact of exercise and income on musculoskeletal system health remains unclear. Our study aims to explore the relationship between exercise and income with musculoskeletal system health in young and middle-aged adults.
Design
This cross-sectional study used data from 7,515 adults aged 20–59 years, which were obtained from the US NHANES, 2011–2018. Participants' musculoskeletal system health was evaluated on the basis of them having osteopenia, osteoporosis, or sarcopenia.
Methods
Ordinal regression was used to explore the correlation between income level, exercise volume, and musculoskeletal system health. Mediating effect analysis was used to assess whether the exercise volume affected the impact of income levels on musculoskeletal system health. Ordinal regression and restricted cubic spline curve were used to further analyze the relationship between exercise and income level.
Results
In the analysis of adjusted all covariates, the probability of having good musculoskeletal system health in high-income participants was higher than that of low- or middle-income participants. The probability of having good musculoskeletal system health in the actively exercising group higher than that of the participants exercised insufficiently or sufficiently. Mediating effect of exercise masked the effect of income on musculoskeletal system health. Participants with low income levels tended to spend more time exercising that those who had high income levels; exercise volume and income level had a significant non-linear relationship.
Conclusion
The findings presented will help identify young and middle-aged adults who are most at risk of developing musculoskeletal health problem and will likely benefit from certain lifestyle interventions.
Does vibrotactile biofeedback for postural control interfere with cognitive processes?
Authors: Schulleri Katrin H. , Feizian Farbod , Steinböck Martina , Lee Dongheui , Johannsen Leif
Published: June 2024

Background: Directional vibrotactile biofeedback for balance control can be instructed in the form of Repulsive (to move in the opposite direction of vibrations) or Attractive (to move in the direction of vibrations) stimulus encodings. However, which of these encodings is less cognitively demanding and poses less interference with high-level cognitive processes of conflict resolution remains unresolved.
Methods: In two between-subject studies with 30 (16 females) and 35 (23 females) healthy young adults, respectively, we investigated the cognitive load of Attractive and Repulsive vibrotactile biofeedback on 1) working memory (Study I) and 2) cognitive conflict resolution (Study II). Both studies also examined the effectiveness of both feedback stimulus encodings on balance control during quiet standing with eyes closed.
Results: Both Attractive and Repulsive vibrotactile biofeedback increased balance stability (reduced trunk sway variability) in both the working memory and the conflict resolution study (Study I and II, respectively) with a greater increase of stability for the Repulsive encoding during multitasking demanding cognitive conflict resolution (Study II). Cognitive costs, measured in terms of the Linear Integrated Speed-Accuracy Score (LISAS), were greater for the Attractive encoding during multitasking with working memory demands. When cognitive conflict resolution was required as a secondary cognitive task, both stimulus encodings increased cognitive costs equally.
Conclusions: The effects of instructed Repulsive and Attractive stimulus encodings for the response-related interpretation of vibrotactile biofeedback of body sway were contrasted with respect to cognitive processing demands and balance stabilisation benefits. Both encodings improved balance stability but at certain cognitive costs. Regarding interference with specific high-level cognitive processes, however, a distinction has to be made between both encodings. Repulsive feedback encoding seems to cause less cognitive costs on working memory load and greater stabilisation when cognitive conflict resolution is required. These results are discussed in the context of the known benefits of avoidance actions on cognitive control.
Advanced Detection of Sucker Rod Pump Faults Using Computer Vision and Dynamometer Card Analysis
Authors: Ramadan Amr Gharieb Ali , Algarhy Ahmed , Gabry Mohamed Adel , Zidan Hossam , Darraj Nihal
Published: June 2024

This research explores a new method for monitoring and diagnosing oil wells in artificial lift systems, particularly those using sucker rod pumps (SRP). By combining dynamometer cards, computer vision, and deep learning techniques, we aim to enhance traditional dynamometer card analysis. Our approach involves advanced computer vision and deep learning algorithms to automate interpretation and improve accuracy in identifying issues such as fluid pound, gas interference, and tubing leaks.This method goes beyond relying solely on textual data, which is often limited. We use state-of-the-art deep learning techniques in computer vision to quickly and accurately identify issues, enabling real-time monitoring and predictive maintenance. Testing has shown promising results, with a fault detection accuracy rate of 75-94% in various fault types from dynamometer card images.
The role of fermented grain cereal milling byproduct with Baker's yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, enhancement in diets of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) fish
Authors: Toutou Mohamed M. , Elmaghraby Ayaat M. , Soliman Ali A.
Published: June 2024

Dietary effects of fermented grain cereal milling by-product (FGC) as a source of carbohydrates on the health, immunology, and overall performance of Nile tilapia fish (Oreochromis niloticus). They split out into four groups: S. cerevisiae Baker's yeast (0, 10, 20, and 40 g/kg diet). Measurements included growth rate, feed utilization, biochemical blood parameters, and gene expression of TNF-α, IGF-1, and GLUT4. The discovery of higher growth indices was linked to the presence of FGC in the diet. Furthermore, it enhances the haematological indicators, which rose in all groups receiving FGC treatment in a substantial way (p ≤ 0.05). Increases in blood levels of total protein, albumin, globulin, and immunological response were observed in fish fed on FGC. This study shows that there was good growth and immunological response, particularly in the 40gm fed diet group where there was a considerable upregulation of the GLUT4, IGF-1, and TNF-α genes. The performance of the (20 g) group was much higher than that of the other groups. Therefore, nutritional (FGC) control may be effective as a tactical strategy to sustain the production of Nile tilapia fish.
Study on the variation of carbon storage in the Chang-Zhu-Tan urban agglomeration in China based on topographic relief
Authors: Mi Yi , Li Sheng , Wu Bo
Published: June 2024

Regional carbon storage is a significant manifestation of ecosystem service functions. Examining the impact of changes in land use on carbon stock in the Chang-Zhu-Tan urban agglomeration under different topographic reliefs is paramount for sustainable land resource utilization and realizing carbon peaking and neutrality goals. Taking the Chang-Zhu-Tan Urban Agglomeration as an example, based on the InVEST model and combined with land use data to analyze the spatio-temporal variation of carbon storage, using the mean change point method to extract topographic relief. From the perspective of topographic relief, this study explores the correlation between changes in land use and carbon storage distribution patterns in the study area. The research results show that the optimal analysis window for topographic reliefs in the study area is 17×17, covering an area of 0.26 km2, with an average topographic relief of 78.58 m. From 2000 to 2020, changes in land use in the Chang-Zhu-Tan urban agglomeration primarily involved a gradual decrease in forest land, cultivated land, and grassland areas and a gradual increase in water and construction land. The carbon stock in the Chang-Zhu-Tan urban agglomeration showed a decreasing trend, with a total reduction of 13.37×106 tons over the past 20 years. The distribution of carbon stock across topographic reliefs mainly exhibits low-value and moderate-value carbon stock concentrations in flat and slightly undulating areas. In contrast, moderately high-value and high-value carbon stock concentrations are concentrated in gently and moderately undulating areas. These research findings provide a scientific foundation for optimizing the spatial pattern of the study area and formulating carbon peak and carbon-neutral policies.