bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Beyond facial width-to-height ratios: Bizygomatic width is highly sexually dimorphic when adjusting for allometry
Authors: Caton Neil Robert , Dixson Barnaby
Published: February 2022

A large literature implicates male facial width-to-height ratio (bizygomatic width divided by facial height) as a secondary sexual trait linked to numerous physical and psychological outcomes. However, this research is based entirely on the premise that bizygomatic width is sexually dimorphic, which recent research has called this into question. Unfortunately, statisticians for the last 125 years have noted that ratio measurements engender spurious correlations and biased effect-size estimates. In the current study, we find that bizygomatic width is highly sexually dimorphic (equivalent d = 1.39). Further, after adjusting for 92 allometric measurements, including multiple facial height and other craniofacial measurements, bizygomatic width exhibited pronounced male-biased sexual dimorphism (equivalent d = 1.01) in a sample of 6,068 men and women born across the globe (Europe, Asia, Oceania, North, Central, and South America). In contrast, fWHR measurements demonstrated a statistical pattern consistent with the age-old argument that ratio measurements engender spurious correlations and biased effect-size estimates. Thus, when avoiding ratios and adjusting for allometry in craniofacial measures, we found strong support for a key premise in the human evolutionary and behavioral sciences that bizygomatic width exhibits male-biased sexual dimorphism.
Redundancy can benefit learning: Evidence from word order and case marking
Authors: Tal Shira , Arnon Inbal
Published: February 2022

The prevalence of redundancy in the world languages has long puzzled language researchers. It is especially surprising in light of the growing evidence on speakers' tendency to avoid redundant elements in production (omitting or reducing more predictable elements). Here, we propose that redundancy can be functional for learning. In particular, we argue that redundant cues can facilitate learning, even when they make the language system more complicated. This prediction is further motivated by the Linguistic Niche Hypothesis (Lupyan & Dale, 2010), which suggests that morphological complexity can arise due to the advantage redundancy might confer for child learners. We test these hypotheses in an artificial language learning study with children and adults, where either word order alone or both word order and case marking serve as cues for thematic assignment in a novel construction. We predict, and find, that children learning the redundant language learn to produce it, and show better comprehension of the novel thematic assignment than children learning the non-redundant language, despite having to learn an additional morpheme. Children in both conditions were similarly accurate in producing the novel word order, suggesting redundancy might have a differential effect on comprehension and production. Adults did not show better learning in the redundant condition, most likely because they were at ceiling in both conditions. We discuss implications for theories of language learning and language change.
Unpacking gendered aspects of employment precarity in the UK academia
Authors: Rotar Olga
Published: February 2022

Non-standard employment is becoming increasingly prevalent in UK academia, as tenured opportunities diminish, and university employment practices adapt to a changeable and commercialised labour market. However, little is known about gendered aspects of UK precariat. This study analyses HESA data for the six-year period, from 2014/2015 to 2019/2020 academic years, to track distribution of part-time, fixed-term, hourly-paid and zero-hours employment among university staff of different seniority levels and academic employment functions. Data shows that, during the considered period, there was no rise of part-time employment in UK academia for the considered period. Part-time employment is prevalent among male academics in senior positions, and among female academics in non-senior positions. Regarding the term of employment, the proportion of males employed full-time and on a fixed-term basis is higher than that for females. This trend is consistent for the whole considered period. Yet it can be noticed that the proportion of males employed on such contracts has slightly decreased, whilst the proportion of females working full-time on fixed-term conditions increased. Approximately the same number of academics of both genders, working both full-time and part-time, employed on hourly paid basis.The study findings suggest that, despite the dominant discourse that female academics are more affected by precariat, the nuanced analysis of the HESA data shows that non-standard employment is widespread for both genders, and its spread is not even among academics of various levels of seniority and academic functions, and across different contract terms and modes.
Consciousness, motivation, and free will
Authors: Wilton Richard N. , Quinlan Philip
Published: February 2022

It is argued that the exercise of free will plays a part in the production of behaviour, with the argument focusing primarily on the implied roles of the various contents of consciousness, including, in particular, motivational states. Some additional considerations are also discussed which provide either support for or count against the argument.
Handling missing data in cross-classified multilevel analyses: An evaluation of different multiple imputation approaches
Authors: Grund Simon , Lüdtke Oliver , Robitzsch Alexander
Published: February 2022

Multiple imputation (MI) is a popular method for handling missing data. In educational research, it can be challenging to use MI because the data often have a clustered structure that need to be accommodated during MI. Although much research has considered applications of MI in hierarchical data, little is known about its use in cross-classified data, in which observations are clustered in multiple higher-level units simultaneously (e.g., schools and neighborhoods, transitions from primary to secondary schools). In this article, we consider several approaches to MI for cross-classified data (CC-MI), including a novel fully conditional specification (FCS) approach, a joint modeling (JM) approach, and other approaches that are based on single- and two-level MI. In this context, we clarify the conditions that CC-MI methods need to fulfill to provide a suitable treatment of missing data, and we compare the approaches both from a theoretical perspective and in a simulation study. Finally, we illustrate the use of CC-MI in real data and discuss the implications of our findings for research practice.
Person-culture personality fit: Dispositional traits and cultural context explain country-level personality profile conformity
Authors: Haas Brian W. , Abney Drew Hamilton , Eriksson Kimmo , Potter Jeff , Gosling Samuel D.
Published: February 2022

In general, people are influenced by the standards set forth by groups of others; however, the levels of such conformity vary between people and across cultures. Here, we investigated factors related to country-level personality profile conformity (i.e., person-culture personality fit) across ~5.9 million participants, residing in 57 different countries. We examined how each of the Big Five personality traits and cultural tightness are associated with variation in person-culture personality fit. We found that scoring higher in Extraversion, Agreeableness and Conscientiousness and residing in a tight cultural context explains increased personality profile conformity, while scoring higher in Openness and Neuroticism and residing in a loose cultural context explains lower personality profile conformity. Furthermore, we found that Openness and Extraversion interact with cultural context to predict levels of personality profile conformity. These findings reveal that both dispositional and cultural factors correspond to the tendency to conform to country level norms.
Die Schule als Raum für Teams. Wie Architektur und Pädagogik zusammenfinden
Authors: Kühn Christian
Published: February 2022

In den letzten Jahren hat im Schulbau ein Paradigmenwechsel stattgefunden, dessen Anfänge bis in die 1960er-Jahre zurückreichen. Cluster- und Großraumstrukturen lösen dabei das bisherige System von Gang und Klassenraum ab, wobei Flexibilität, Inklusion, Clusterung und Vernetzung die wesentlichen Kriterien sind. Die unmittelbare Wirksamkeit des neuen Paradigmas auf den Lernerfolg ist bisher allerdings durch keine Studien nachgewiesen. Metastudien wie „Visible Learning“ lassen Rückschlüsse auf indirekte Wirkungen zu, die sich aus der Idee der „collaborative expertise“ als entscheidendem Faktor ergeben. Für einen nachhaltigen Erfolg des neuen Paradigmas gibt es zwei wichtige Voraussetzungen: die partizipatorische Einbindung der Nutzer*innen in den Planungsprozess sowie eine pädagogische Ausbildung, die auf das Arbeiten in innovativen Lernumgebungen vorbereitet.
Kalanchoe pinnata aqueous extract possesses vasorelaxant activities contributing to its antihypertensive effects in a model of rat-induced hypertension and myocardial infarction
Authors: Tom Esther Ngo Lemba , Bopda Orelien Sylvain Mtopi , Monju Mbigah Pascal , Bekono Yannick Fouda , Mimb Justin Rodrigue Billong , Bilanda Danielle Claude , Dimo Théophile
Published: February 2022

Background and aim: Kalanchoe pinnata is an herbal medicine used in Cameroon against cardiovascular diseases. Hypertension and myocardial infarction are among key risk factors of cardiovascular diseases. This research aimed to investigate antihypertensive effect of Kalanchoe pinnata in salt loaded myocardial infarcted rats and possible mechanism of action on vascular smooth muscle. Experimental procedure: Thirty rats were equally distributed into six groups: neutral, negative and positive controls and three test groups (administered extract 50, 100 and 150 mg/kg). Hypertension was induced by salt loading (18%) meanwhile myocardial infarction was by injection of 100mg/kg isoproterenol. The 28 day-In vivo treatment was followed by evaluation of systolic and diastolic arterial pressures, and troponin level. Ten untreated rats were used for the in vitro study, to investigate vasorelaxant mechanism. Results and conclusion: Treated rats showed significant increase of systolic (46.3%) and diastolic (73.5%) pressures. Troponine level increased by 400%. Extract at highest dose (150mg/kg) reduced these increases by 29.1%, 41.3% and 52% respectively. Extract (1.5mg/mL) caused a vasorelaxation (62.79%) in the presence of endothelium. Endothelium removal did not significantly modify the effect of the extract in KCl pre-contracted rings. In the same way, in rings pre-contracted with phenylephrine, the extract (1.5mg/mL) did not significantly modify the relaxation induced by sodium nitroprusside. However, methylene blue, a NO-cGMP inhibitor significantly reduced (P<0.001) the vasorelaxant effect of K. pinnata extract (1.5mg/mL). This indicated that the extract exhibits its antihypertensive activity by relaxing vascular smooth muscle, partially through endothelium mediators.
Expanding the TLC studies on the unexplored medicinal plant Reinwartdtia indica
Authors: Saklani Pooja , Rana Pawan Singh , Rawat Priya , Chandel Chandresh
Published: February 2022

The current study is an extension of our previously published work focused on TLC profiling of various extracts if Reinwardtia indica. In the previous report, we have shown that R. indica contains a vast spectrum of compounds that can find their role in novel drug development. Further, here we present quantitative reports of these important phytochemical compounds and their TLC profiling. The plant samples of R. indica were collected from Bugani village, Srinagar Garhwal, and crushed to powder. The plant powder was used as it is for quantitative analysis while extraction was carried out in four different solvents for TLC profiling. Results of the quantitative analysis showed a considerable amount of phenolics, saponins, flavonoids, alkaloids, and steroids. TLC profiling suggests the presence of more than single metabolites among all the groups that can be further exploited for novel drug formulations. Overall, the present study adds further scientific shreds of evidence to the acclaimed medicinal potential of R. indica. Therefore, the baseline data generated so far can be the basis of advanced research on this unexplored and underutilized plant.
Ethnomedicinal and nutraceutical potentialities of Moringa oleifera: A Review
Authors: Shil Sanjoy
Published: February 2022

Moringa oleifera is a perennial plant popularly known as ‘Miracle plant’ with great ethnomedicinal, nutritional and economical importance due to high content of nutrients, essential phytochemicals and antioxidants etc. The different parts of these plants such as leaves, flowers, fruits (pods), stem bark, roots, seeds and gum etc are used traditionally as alternative medicines for socially neglected people in addition to uses as good source of food nutrients. This plant contains a high profile of essential minerals, vitamins, proteins, carbohydrates, fats, fibre, carotenoids, amino acids and antioxidants like flavonoids, polyphenols, ascorbic acid, glycosides and glucosinolates etc. Various parts of this plant possess medicinal properties and act as cardiac stimulant, anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, anti-tumor, antipyretic, anti-ulcer, anti-diabetic, anti-microbial and anti-fungal agent, anti-asthmatic due to its potential antioxidants and some other phytochemicals. In this background, this review compiles information on the multidimensional uses of Moringa oleifera in respect to its ethnomedicinal and nutraceutical potentialities in order to explore and evaluate for future research opportunities.
Changing precipitation patterns in far-western Nepal in relation to landslides in Bajhang and Bajura districts
Authors: Nayava Janak Lal , Bhusal Jagat Kumar , Paul Jonathan D. , Buytaert Wouter , Neupane Bhanu , Gyawali Januka , Poudyal Saugat
Published: February 2022

The geologically young terrains of the Nepal's Lesser Himalaya are strongly affected by the multiple and interrelated geo-hazards of landslides, floods, and debris torrents. One of the main factors that trigger these hazards is the duration and intensity of monsoon rainfall. Here, we interrogate precipitation data for a variety of different periods, the longest of which comprises 40 years (1977-2017) of annual rainfall data, for 17 rainfall stations in far-western Nepal. The average rainfall over the past 10 years (2007-2017) was found to be declining for most stations. The summer monsoon season (i.e. June to September) accounts for 70–80% of the total annual rainfall, and is critical for agricultural production; but the vast majority of floods and landslides also occur during this time. Changes in daily rainfall magnitude and frequency are analysed. The intensity of rainfall during monsoon time was found to increase by over 100% in the past 40 years, with this change especially pronounced in 2008. The variation of intensities of rainfall in relation to landslides at different elevations has also been explored. We found that rainfall intensity increased by 40–60% over an increase in elevation from 1 to 2 km in the study area of the Bajedi landslide in far-western Nepal.
Electron density contour maps via Rietveld-MEM analysis using HR-XRD for the polycrystalline ferroelectric BCZT
Authors: Herrera-Perez Guillermo , Plaisier J. , Reyes-Rojas A. , Fuentes-Cobas L.
Published: February 2022

The maximum entropy method in combination with the Rietveld refinement method applied to the analysis (Rietveld-MEM analysis) of high-resolution x-ray diffraction (HR-XRD) is an important tool to elucidate the electron density distribution and chemical bonding nature of materials. In this work, we present the comparison of electron density distribution obtained from the Rietveld-MEM analysis for polycrystalline perovskite BaTiO3 (reference sample) and Ba0.9Ca0.2Ti0.9Zr0.1O3 (BCZT). To perform this task, HR-XRD patterns using synchrotron radiation were acquired. Tetragonal phase with P4mm (No.99) space group and pseudo-Voigt function were considered to model the HR-XRD peaks by the Rietveld method using the profile fitting Fullprof suite program. VESTA software was used to visualize 3D, 2D electron density distribution maps and line profiled to monitor the chemical bonding nature between Ba-O and Ti-O interactions and to visualize the off-center displacement of Ti cations by the incorporation of Zr and Ca cations. The interaction between Ti contours with O contours in the electron density distribution and the minimum electron density values revealed the enhancement of covalent nature and predominant ionic nature between barium and oxygen ions in the BCZT. To monitor the ferroelectric hysteresis behavior, polarization versus electric field curves complement the characterization of these samples.
Knowledge, Attitudes and Barriers Towards Breast Cancer Health Education Among Iraqi Community Pharmacists
Authors: H. AL-Behadily Hasan , F.Al-Tukmagi Haydar
Published: February 2022

With the increasing prevalence of breast cancer among female internationally, occupies about 25% of all cases of cancer, with a measured 1.57 million up to date cases in 2012. Breast cancer has turn a most warning to health of female in Iraq, where it is the major cause of death among women after cardiovascular diseases, with a mortality rate of 23% related cancer. Recently there is a crucial requirement to include community pharmacists in health elevation activities to support awareness and early diagnosis of cancer, specially breast cancer. The aim of this study is to assess knowledge, attitude and perceived barriers amongst Iraqi community pharmacists towards health promotion of breast cancer. This study is cross sectional research. A questionnaire was given to pharmacists. The questionnaire comprised from four parts: community pharmacist’s demographics and description of practice; knowledge of signs, symptoms and risk causes; knowledge around breast cancer screening and perceived barriers.300 questionnaires were finished and returned by Iraqi community pharmacists. Mean score of knowledge and screening of breast cancer was 7.9 ± 1.86 and 1.69± 0.33 points respectively, categorizing the overall knowledge and screening of breast cancer among participants as poor level, while mean score for pharmacist attitude was 26.44± 3.86   points, categorizing the overall attitude as favorable. Lack of time was perceived by a great proportion of pharmacists (68.2%) as a major barrier to providing patient education.
ORTAOKUL ÖĞRETİM PROGRAMI YETERLİLİKLERİ YETKİNLİK ALANI ÖĞRENCİ ÖLÇEĞİ: GEÇERLİK VE GÜVENİRLİK ÇALIŞMASI
Authors: ERKEK Nizamettin , ÖZDAŞ Faysal , ÇAKMAK Mürşet
Published: February 2022

Günümüzde hızlı gelişme ve ilerlemenin oluşturduğu değişim, eğitim sistemlerinin yeni bir bakış açısıyla ele alınmasını gerektirmektedir. Bu gelişme ve değişimlerle beraber öğretim programları da güncellenmekte ve ihtiyaç karşılayıcı hâle getirilmektedir. Millî Eğitim Bakanlığı tarafından 2018 yılında öğretim programlarına 8 anahtar yetkinlik olan “Ana Dilde İletişim, Yabancı Dilde İletişim, Matematiksel Yetkinlik ve Bilim/Teknolojide Temel Yetkinlikler, Dijital Yetkinlik, Öğrenmeyi Öğrenme, Sosyal ve Vatandaşlıkla İlgili Yetkinlikler, İnisiyatif Alma ve Girişimcilik, Kültürel Farkındalık ve İfade” yetkinlikleri eklenmiştir.
Bu çalışmanın amacı öğretim programlarında yer alan 8 anahtar yetkinliğin ölçülmesi için geçerli ve güvenilir ölçek geliştirmektir. Çalışma 2021 yılında Mardin ilinin Artuklu ilçesinde okumakta olan ortaokul öğrencileri ile tarama yöntemi kullanılarak yapılmıştır. Beşli likert olarak geliştirilen ölçek için uzman görüşlerine başvurulmuştur. Uzman görüşlerinden sonra ölçek açımlayıcı faktör analizi için ortaokul öğrencilerine (N=586) uygulanmıştır. Analizler SPSS ve AMOS programları kullanılarak yapılmıştır. Yapılan analiz sonucunda 8 yetkinlik alanı ölçeğinin toplam da 81 madde ve 15 boyutta toplandığı görülmüştür. Elde edilen veriler doğrulayıcı faktör analizleri için ortaokul öğrencilerine (N=1433) uygulanmıştır. Bu analizler sonucunda oluşan model uyum indeksleri incelenmiştir. Bu model uyum indekslerinin mükemmel uyum ile kabul edilebilir düzeyde oldukları sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Sonuç olarak bu çalışma ortaokul öğretim programlarında yer alan 8 anahtar yetkinliğin ölçülmesi açısından 8 farklı ölçek olarak yeterli derecede geçerli ve güvenilir olduğu sonucuna varılmıştır. Bu ölçeğin öğretim programlarının yetkinlikleri konularında kullanılabileceği önerilmektedir.
Use of the of the least action principle for development of technological machine actuating mechanism
Authors: Buchynskyi М. Ya. , Cherniavskyi А. М. , Buchynskyi А. М.
Published: February 2022

Any human activity is determined by the action of the fundamental laws of nature and its principles, including the universal law of nature, which is based on the principle of the least action. A number of researchers inter-pret the manifestation of this universal law of nature in economics as the principle of saving energy and time, ac-cording to which, any economic decision is evaluated using energy indicators. This principle concerns the results of human creativity in development of new technological machines, regulates the process of creating new technol-ogies and can significantly increase their effectiveness. After all, the principle of the least action determines the optimal functioning of any system, including the technical one, which is a technological machine. In the analysis of the actuators of technological machines, where there is a spatial movement of material objects, they use the equation of physics that describes the laws of change in the speed of movement of material flows, the conditions for their continuous operation, the pressure is formed, and so on. It means that the "action" is quantified. And the less actions performed by a technological machine to obtain a given result of a technological process there are, the more perfect it is. Guided by the definition of an action in the form of Maupertuis-Lagrange as the accumulat-ed doubled kinetic energy for a period of time or a change in position, a technique is proposed for a comparative assessment of the perfection of executive mechanisms of machines. And the smaller the action indicator is, the more solidly executed and more efficient the structure and design of the machine are, the more competitive it is, of other comparable conditions. The testing of the proposed methodology using several types of drilling technological machines as an example confirmed the reliability and appropriateness of application in assessing the perfection of machinery mechanisms. In particular, comparisons of models of a three-piston mud pump (older and newer high-tech production) and a technical drill string rotation system (rotary drilling system and drilling using a mod-ern top drive system) showed a high degree of improvement of new technological equipment. This proposed meth-odology to determine a single indicator of improvement of the actuating mechanisms of machines by the principle of the least action, complements and makes more multi-dimensional and reliable multi-criteria assessment of the mechanism, prospects and development trends of the class and type of technological machines under consideration.
Development of a tool for conical thread frictional hardening and tests of its operation
Authors: Taras I. P. , Ropyak L. Ya. , Pryhorovska T. O. , Burda M. Y. , Pryhorovskyi O. V.
Published: February 2022

The article considers the problem of designing a tool for friction hardening to increase the fatigue strength for conical threaded joints of elements of oilfield and drilling equipment. To increase the fatigue strength, a tool was developed for frictional strengthening of the working surface of the thread. The proposed design of the tool solves the current problem of simultaneous strengthening of depressions and side surfaces of the conical notch, which provides an increase in both fatigue strength and wear resistance. The design dimensions of the developed tool are determined using geometric modeling. The scientific novelty of the developed tool design is to solve the problem of simultaneous strengthening of depressions and surfaces of the conical groove profile, namely different lengths of the side surfaces of the conical groove, by modifying its lateral deforming elements. This simplifies the manufacture of the tool, increases the stability of the tool, the stability of the parameters of the reinforced layer of the working surface of the profile of the conical keyway on the elements of drill strings, and this improves the quality, productivity and efficiency of friction reinforcement of conical keyholes. Hardening was carried out on a lathe 16K20. The following hardening modes were selected: maximum rolling force - 20 kN. The maximum processing speed is 20 m / min. Experimental studies of fatigue strength on the machine IMA-50 threaded parts of oilfield equipment made of steel 40HN, reinforced with the proposed tool. During the development of the method of testing the parts for fatigue strength, a method of loading the sample according to the scheme of pure bending by rotation was adopted. It was found that the fatigue strength of reinforced parts made of 40HN steel was 1.15-1.2 times higher than the fatigue strength of non-reinforced parts made of the same material. The main factors that increase the fatigue strength of the conical threaded connection of parts have been identified.
The investigation of forces' component during frictional hardening of cylindrical surfaces of machine parts
Authors: Gurey V. I.
Published: February 2022

Friction treatment refers to methods of surface hardening (strengthening) using highly concentrated energy sources. After processing in the surface layers of the parts a hardened (reinforced) white layer with a nanocrystal-line structure is formed. Friction treatment of the cylindrical surfaces of the samples was performed on an upgrad-ed lathe (model 16K20), on which instead of a tool-post was installed a special device for autonomous tool drive. A metal disk made of steel 45 is used as a tool. Mineral oil with active additives containing polymers was used as a technological medium in the process of friction treatment. A special dynamometer was developed to study the components of the force that occurs in the contact area of the tool-part during the frictional hardening of the cy-lindrical surfaces of the parts. The immovable elastic elements of the dynamometer are fixed on conical holes in the rear headstock and spindle. To make rotation impossible of the elastic element in the spindle, it is mounted in the adapter bushing through the bearings. Studies have shown that the modes of friction treatment significantly affect the normal Py and the tangential component Pz of the force that occurs in the contact area of the tool-part. The increasing of the part’s rotational velocity slightly affects into magnitude of the force components that occurs in the contact area of the tool-part during processing with the longitudinal feed S = 0.3 mm/rev and the depth of pressing the tool into the workpiece t = 0.1 mm. When increase the depth of pressing the tool into the workpiece from 0.1 to 0.3 mm and part’s rotational velocity equal n = 40 rpm, the normal force component Py increased from 380 N to 690 N, and the tangential component Pz – from 28 N to 47 N. And in that the same time increasing the part’s rotational velocity to 125 rpm leads to an increase the normal component Py from 510 N to 1160 N, and the tangential component Pz – from 38 N to 69 N.
Hardness of low-carbon steels during shot blasting
Authors: Cherniavskyi А. М. , Buchynskyi А. М. , Shlapak L. S. , Buchynskyi М. Ya.
Published: February 2022

Low-carbon steels are widely used in mechanical engineering. The surface of products made from such steel is often shot blasted for the purpose of cleaning it, hardening the surface layer, forming roughness, etc. Rational technological modes and efficiency of shot blasting of the surface primarily depends on the dynamic hardness of the material being processed. Some researchers [3-6] offer empirical dependences for determining dynamic hardness with a functional dependence on certain mechanical properties of the material. However, the discrepancy between the calculation results behind these dependencies differ significantly. This indicates insufficient consideration of various factors. This article proposes a method for determining the dynamic hardness of low carbon steels during shot blasting, which takes into account both the factors of the loading mode and the properties of the material. The value of dynamic hardness is calculated by dividing the consumed kinetic energy E by the volume of the extruded hole. Therefore, the process of plastic deformation of the hole under the action of the kinetic energy of the attacking shot was considered. The energy losses of the attacking shot are indicated (for elastic and plastic deformation, for internal friction, as a result of which the metal heats up, for microcutting, external friction, splitting of the shot and dissipative losses). An analytical dependence acceptable for practical use is proposed, which takes into account the loading conditions. It is shown that the dynamic hardness of low-carbon steels during shot blasting is directly proportional to the square of the mass of the attacking shot, the attack speed, depends on the coefficient of recovery of the shot speed and on the amount of energy loss, and is inversely proportional to the square of the roughness parameter and the diameter of the sphere described around the shot. The coefficients also indirectly take into account the mechanical properties of the material. The calculated values ​​of the dynamic hardness of low-carbon steels are approximately 2…3 times lower than the static one. This is due to significant energy losses due to internal friction, which causes softening of elementary volumes of metal in the affected zone due to its heating. The actual value of the dynamic hardness of low-alloy steels during shot blasting, determined behind this technique, provides a reasonable choice of rational technological modes and the effectiveness of the shot blasting process from a given result.
Mechanisms and consequences of flooding of lubricating oils in transmissions of rod well pumping units
Authors: Shostakivskyi І. І. , Kharun V. R.
Published: February 2022

In ensuring the trouble-free and long-term operation of artificial lift facilities, an important role is played by the condition of lubricants and, in particular, oils. The operating conditions of sucker rod pumping units have their own characteristics - the equipment is operated daily and around the clock, its operation is characterized by temperature drops, humidity, significant and uneven loads, vibrations, high contact pressures, etc. there is a gradual accumulation of water in various forms: dissolved, in the form of an emulsion or in a free state. The presence of water is undoubtedly destructive; it naturally intensifies the aging process of lubricants and accelerates the wear of parts in friction pairs. On the basis of scientific papers, the mechanisms, patterns and consequences of the harmful effects of flooding of lubricating oils are analyzed, taking into account the specifics of the operating conditions of oilfield equipment. The regularities of changes in the state of the properties of oils, depending on the form of the presence of water in the lubricating medium: free, emulsified and dissolved, are separately considered and analyzed. The ways and mechanisms of flooding have been investigated and analyzed, which are conditionally divided into three groups: absorption of atmospheric moisture by oil components, condensation of atmospheric moisture on the inner surfaces of the gearbox and the mirror of the lubricant bath, and direct ingress of water into the gearbox due to technical imperfections and equipment defects. Particular attention is paid to the regularities of atmospheric moisture condensation, as the main path of flooding and the factors affecting the intensity of this process in the industrial operating conditions of the gearboxes of sucker rod pumping units. The main directions of the fight against flooding of both design and technical and organizational nature have been formulated.
GIST in Third Part of Duodenum Causing Partial Obstruction – Laparoscopic Management
Authors: Jameel JKA , Jameel JKA , Jain Nikunj , Majety Harshavardan , Reddy P K
Published: February 2022

Background: Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor (GIST) arises from the interstitial cells of Cajal. Stomach is the most common site of GIST. The usual presentations of GIST are gastrointestinal bleeding and abdominal pain. GISTs in the duodenum are uncommon. Duodenal obstruction due to GIST is even more uncommon. Duodenal GISTs are usually detected on endoscopy, however they can be missed on routine endoscopy if they are located in the third part of duodenum. Computed Tomography (CT) of abdomen is useful in determining the exact size, location and extent of tumor. In the absence of metastases, surgical excision is the mainstay of treatment.
Case Presentation: We present a case of a duodenal GIST in the 3rd part of duodenum, causing partial obstruction to the duodenal lumen and causing recurrent abdominal pain and vomiting. Although technically challenging, we successfully excised this lesion laparoscopically. Furthermore, as it was a pedunculated tumor arising from the posterior wall of the duodenum, we performed a novel technique of laparoscopic duodenotomy and stapling of pedunculated tumor at the base and primary closure, rather than the conventional technique of wedge or segmental resection.
Conclusion: Third part of the duodenum is a difficult location to access surgically and excision of tumors in this location is usually performed by the open method because of the technical difficulties of laparoscopic surgery in this location. However, with adequate expertise and advanced laparoscopic skills, laparoscopic excision of tumors in the third part of duodenum can be accomplished with good post-operative outcomes.
TINJAUAN HUKUM TERHADAP EKSISTENSI UNIT USAHA SYARIAH BANK JAWA TENGAH
Authors: Fuad Hakim Zamzami Muhammad , Setyowati Ro’fah
Published: February 2022

Eksistensi Unit Usaha Syariah Bank Jateng sedang tidak baik, hal ini dikarenakan beberapa permasalahan teknis dan non teknis yang dihadapi. Berdasarkan permasalahan eksistensi Unit Usaha Syariah tersebut penelitian ini akan secara spesifik membahas mengenai eksistensi Unit Usaha Syariah PT. Bank Jateng dan mengenai strategi Unit Usaha Syariah PT. Bank Pembangunan Daerah Jawa Tengah agar semakin eksis. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah yuridis empiris, dengan menggunakan data hukum primer. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian diketahui bahwa Unit Usaha Syariah Bank Jateng masih mengalami beberapa hambatan yang menjadikannya tidak eksis. Ada 6 (enam) langkah strategis untuk menjadikan Unit Usaha Syariah Bank Jateng semakin eksis.
BIOKONVERSI KULIT KOPI MENJADI PUPUK KOMPOS PADA KELOMPOK TANI PANGESTU RAKYAT KABUPATEN REJANG LEBONG
Authors: Triawan Deni Agus , Banon Charles , Adfa Morina
Published: February 2022

Biokonversi limbah kulit kopi menjadi pupuk kompos bertujuan untuk meningkatkan nilai guna dan bahkan dapat bernilai ekonomi limbah kulit kopi. Pengomposan didasarkan pada proses penguraian bahan organik yang terjadi secara alami. Proses penguraian dioptimalkan sedemikian rupa sehingga pengomposan dapat berjalan dengan lebih cepat dan efisien. Tujuan tersebut dicapai melalui beberapa tahapan diantaranya sosialisasi dan penyampaian informasi dan pengetahuan kepada masyarakat tentang biokonversi limbah kulit kopi menjadi pupuk kompos. Penyampaian informasi dilakukan dengan metode ceramah dan pembagian leaflet tentang biokonversi limbah kulit kopi menjadi kompos dan dilanjutkan dengan diskusi dan tanya jawab seputar kegiatan. Selanjutnya dilakukan kegiatan praktek pembuatan kompos dari limbah kulit kopi dengan komposisi bahan baku 80% limbah kulit kopi, 10% kotoran sapi dan 10 dedak/sekam padi. Hasil proses pembuatan kompos dari limbah kulit kopi dapat dilihat pada bulan kedua setelah kegiatan dilaksanakan. indikator terbentuknya pupuk kompos adalah warna kompos menghitam, tekstur yang lembut, mudah hancur dan rapuh. Pupuk yang sudah jadi siap untuk diaplikasikan pada lahan kebun untuk berbagai jenis tanaman. Pada masyarakat kelompok tani Pangestu Rakyat, pupuk yang dihasilkan diaplikasikan ke lahan kebun kopi dan kebun sayuran.
Calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate crystal deposition disease and retro-odontoid pseudotumor rupture managed via posterior occipital cervical instrumented fusion: illustrative case
Authors: Malhotra Armaan K. , Malhotra Aayush R. , Landry Alexander P. , Balachandar Arjun , Guest William , Bharatha Aditya , Marotta Thomas R. , Witiw Christopher D.
Published: February 2022

BACKGROUND

Craniocervical junction and subaxial cervical spinal manifestations of calcium pyrophosphate deposition disease are rarely encountered. The authors presented a severe case of retro-odontoid pseudotumor rupture causing rapid quadriparesis and an acute comatose state with subsequent radiographic and clinical improvement after posterior occipital cervical fusion.

OBSERVATIONS

The authors surveyed the literature and outlined multiple described operative management strategies for compressive cervical and craniocervical junction calcium pyrophosphate deposition disease manifestations ranging from neck pain to paresthesia, weakness, myelopathy, quadriparesis, and cranial neuropathies. In this report, radiographic features of cervical and craniocervical junction calcium pyrophosphate deposition disease were explored. Several previously described surgical strategies were compiled, including patient characteristics and outcomes.

LESSONS

With this case report, the authors presented for the first time an isolated posterior occipital cervical fusion for treatment of a compressive retro-odontoid pseudotumor with rupture into the brainstem. They demonstrated rapid clinical and radiographic resolution after stabilization of cranial cervical junction only 12 weeks postsurgery.
Adaptive Neural Networks Based Robust Output Feedback Controllers for Nonlinear Systems
Authors: Abougarair Ahmed Jaber , Aburakhis Mohamed  K. I. , Edardar Mohamed M.
Published: February 2022

The performance of the nonlinear control system that is subjected to uncertainty, can be enhanced by implementing an adaptive approach by using the robust output-feedback control and the artificial intelligence neural network. This paper seeks to utilize output feedback control for nonlinear system using artificial intelligence employing neural network. The Two Wheel Mobile Robot (TWMR) is treated as a multi-body dynamic system. The nonlinear swing-up problem is handled by designing an adaptive neural network, which is trained using a modified conventional controller called Linear Quadratic Optimal State Estimator with Integral Control (LQOSEIC). In this paper, the nonlinear system TWMR is stabilized utilizing a robust output feedback control called LQOSEIC. This controller allows a linearized model to emulate a model reference for the original nonlinear system. However, it works for a limited range of operations and will fail if the plant characteristics are unknown or uncertain. An adaptive neural network is used to overcome this problem. The adaptive neural controller is trained offline using LQOSEIC to obtain the initial weights of neurons for the network's hidden layers. After finishing the training, the LQOSEIC will be replaced by the adaptive neural controller. The main advantage of a neuro-controller is its ability to update the weights online depending on the error signal. If there are any disturbances or uncertainties that arises within the concerned nonlinear system, the neuro-controller will be able to handle it because of online learning that compensates for the effect of unpredictable conditions. The proposed adaptive neural network improves control performance and ensures the robust stability of the closed-loop control system. Finally, numerical simulations are used to demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed controllers.
Effect of Joints’ Configuration Change on the Effective Mass of the Robot
Authors: Sharkawy Abdel-Nasser
Published: February 2022

Effective mass of robot is considered of great significance in enhancing the safety of human-robot collaboration. In this paper, the effective mass of the robot is investigated using different joint configurations. This investigation is executed in two steps. In the first step, the position of each joint of the robot is changing alone, whereas the positions of the other joints of the robot are fixed and then the effective mass is determined. In the second step, the positions of all joints of the robot are changing together, and the effective mass of the robot is determined. From this process, the relation between the effective mass of the robot and the joint configurations can be presented. This analysis is implemented in MATLAB and using two collaborative robots; the first one is UR10e robot which is a 6-DOF robot and the second one is KUKA LBR iiwa 7 R800 robot which is a 7-DOF robot. The results from this simulation prove that the change in any joint position of the robot except the first and the last joint affect the effective mass of the robot. In addition, the change in all joints’ positions of the robot affect the effective mass. Effective mass can thus be considered as one of the criteria in optimizing the robot kinematics and configuration.
Aktivitas Antioksidan Fraksi N-Heksan Dan Fraksi Kloroform Ekstrak Etanol Daun Jeruk Purut (Citrus hystrix D.C) Dengan Metode FRAP (Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power)
Authors: Nurhayati Nuning , Qonitah Fadilah , Ahwan Ahwan
Published: February 2022

ABSTRAKAntioksidan merupakan senyawa yang dapat menyeimbangkan ROS (reactive oxygen species) yang dapat menyebabkan penuaan kulit. Tubuh manusia secara alamiah dapat menghasilkan antioksidan akan tetapi jumlahnya terbatas sehingga perlu antioksidan eksogen. Daun jeruk purut merupakan tanaman yang mengandung senyawa fenolik dan flavonoid yang berpotensi sebagai antioksidan alami. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui aktivitas antioksidan fraksi n-heksan dan fraksi kloroform ekstrak etanol daun jeruk purut dengan metode FRAP (Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power). Metode ekstraksi menggunakan maserasi dengan pelarut etanol 96%. Fraksinasi menggunakan metode partisi dilanjutkan uji aktivitas antioksidan dengan metode FRAP secara spektrofotometri UV-Vis. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa fraksi n-heksan dan fraksi kloroform memiliki aktivitas antioksidan dengan nilai EC50 masing-masing sebesar (9870,36 ± 1,55) µg/mL dan (9713,30 ± 0,70) µg/mL. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa fraksi n-heksan dan fraksi kloroform ekstrak etanol daun jeruk purut mempunyai aktivitas antioksidan yang sangat lemah.Kata kunci : FRAP; antioksidan; fraksi n-heksan; fraksi kloroform; daun jeruk purut.ABSTRACT Antioxidants are compounds that can balance ROS (reactive oxygen species) which can cause skin aging. The human body can naturally produce antioxidants but the amount is limited so it needs exogenous antioxidants. Kaffir lime leaves are plants that contain phenolic and flavonoid compounds that have the potential as antioxidants. This study aims to determine the antioxidant activity of the n-hexane fraction and the chloroform fraction of ethanol extract of kaffir lime leaves using the FRAP (Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power) method. The extraction method uses maceration with 96% ethanol as solvent. Fractionation using partition method followed by antioxidant activity test using FRAP method by UV-Vis spectrophotometry. The results showed that the n-hexane and the chloroform fractions had antioxidant activity with EC50 values of (9870.36 ± 1.55) g/mL and (9713.30 ± 0.70) g/mL. Based on the results of the study, it can be concluded that the n-hexane fraction and the chloroform fraction of the ethanol extract of kaffir lime leaves had very weak antioxidant activity. Keywords : FRAP; antioxidants; n-hexane fraction; chloroform fraction; lime leaves.
RONGGENG DUKUH PARUK DAN PEREMPUAN KEMBANG JEPUN (KAJIAN SASTRA BANDING)
Authors: Setyami Inung
Published: February 2022

This study aims to discribe the form of subordination experienced by geisha in the novel Perempuan Kembang Jepun by Lan Fang and Ronggeng in the novel Ronggeng Dukuh Paruk by Ahmad Tohari. The data source of this research used two novels, namely the novel Perempauan Kembang Jepun (PKJ) by Lan Fang and the novel Ronggeng Dukuh Paruk (RDP) by Ahmad Tohari. The results showed that 1) novel PKJ by Lan Fang and novel RDP by Ahmad Tohar, the central character is a woman who works as a dancer. Ronggeng dancers are included in RDP, while geisha are inclued in PKJ; 2) Both novels present male characters related to the geisha and ronggeng professions; 3) There are similarities in ideas, namely women in both PKJ and RDP novels experience subordination to male power that has been socially constructed; 4) Biologically, dancers in PKL and RDP have the idea of eliminating the absolute nature of women (pregnancy, giving birth); 4) There are absolute requirements for prospective dancers, namely mizuage (virginity auction) for geisha candidates and "bukak klambu" (virginity contest) for ronggeng candidates.
The impact of the Golden Age period on the world of the Argentine tango community
Authors:   National University for Physical Education and Sports, KICSI Csongor
Published: February 2022

Music and dance have been throughout the time a symbiotic connection in their development, providing people with both a way of expression and a way of life, and not least, offering a beneficial therapeutic effect on the human body and psyche. Just as art therapy have always been a manifestation and a harmonious healing alternative, compared to the traditional treatments, regardless of their form. But why do people choose this particular style, and what are the reasons for practicing this Argentine dance for such a long time? Do only the dance and the ""Golden Age"" period they represent an attraction point, or are there other reasons why people become passionate about in this Argentine dance?"
Versions of Post Avant-Garde Music
Authors:   Transilvania University of Braşov, MĂNĂILESCU Sorana
Published: February 2022

The present paper is written in response to Christopher Norris’s allegation in a famous essay, ""Post-modernism - a guide for the perplexed,"" (Norris 2000) that, unlike literary postmodernism, characterized by an appeal to intelligence and intellectual effort from the reading public, musical postmodernism is impoverished in point of language and idea. This communication attempts to shed light on the complexity of musical compositions in the generic sphere of electroacoustic, timbral or computer-generated music, whose creators are at the same time theorists of their own language which requires a key to interpretation. Far from being minimalist, this post-avant-garde music has an interest in the history of musical styles, as titles such as the New Romanticism, New Interiority or New Expressionism also indicate the intention of crossing the borders of postmodernism. To what? This paper is an attempt to identify new directions by several prominent representatives."