bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Is it Worth to Repeat Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreaticography after Failed Precut? Short Report from a Tertiary Care Hospital in North India
Authors: Narayan Kumar Shwetanshu , Gupta Gaurav Kumar , Nijhawan Sandeep , Pandey Sudhakar , Dhandhu Bhanwar Singh , Puri Shekhar , Kumar Awanish , Sharma Deepak
Published: September 2017

Aim: The aim of this study is to determine the success rate of biliary cannulation in cases where endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) is repeated after failed precut sphincterotomy. Materials and Methods: In this retrospective study, consecutive ERCPs performed between August 2013 and June 2017 were included. Data was analyzed for indication of ERCP, success rate at initial cannulation attempt, use of precut sphincterotomy, biliary access rate after precut, repeat ERCP rate, and associated complications. Results: A total of 1872 ERCPs were included in the study. Of these, 55% were done for common bile duct stones, 37% for malignant biliary obstruction, and 8% for biliary leak. During the initial ERCP, 84.9% cases had successful biliary cannulation. Nearly 86.8% cases undergoing precut sphincterotomy achieved biliary access. Repeat ERCP was done in 28 cases after a median interval of 3 days and biliary cannulation was achieved in 78.5% cases. Conclusion: Repeat ERCP after 3 days in cases of failed initial precut sphincterotomy should be practiced and recommended as this allows definitive biliary therapy in majority of such patients and prevents morbidity and mortality from other invasive alternative therapies.
Combined Spinal–epidural with Levobupivacaine or Ropivacaine with Fentanyl for Labor Analgesia: A Comparative Study
Authors: Agrawal Malti , Sharma Yogesh K
Published: September 2017

Introduction

Combined spinal–epidural analgesia to provide pain relief in labor has become the technique of choice. It provides benefits of both spinal analgesia and flexibility of an epidural catheter. In this study, we compared levobupivacaine with fetanyl and ropivacaine with fentanyl in terms of onset and duration of sensory blockade.

Materials and methods

This was a double-blind randomized study on 60 parturients of American Society of Anesthesiologists status 1 and 2, all primipara with singleton pregnancy in active labor, were allocated randomly into two groups of 30 each. Group L received 3 mg of levobupivacaine intrathecally with 25 µg fentanyl followed by epidural top-ups of 14 mL levobupivacaine 0.125% with fentanyl 30 µg, whereas group R received 4 mg of ropivacaine intrathecally with 25 µg of fentanyl followed by epidural top-ups of 14 mL ropivacaine 0.2% with fentanyl 30 µg. Sensory and motor characteristics, hemodynamics, maternal and fetal outcomes, side effects, and complications were observed and analyzed statistically using Student's unpaired t-test and chi-squared test.

Results

A rapid onset of analgesia in group L (4.67 ± 0.35) as compared with group R (5.57 ± 0.27) was observed. Duration of analgesia was also prolonged in group B (116.83 ± 6.91) as compared with group R (88.87 ± 5.10). Patients remained hemodynamically stable, and side effects and complications were comparable in both groups.

Conclusion

Levobupivacaine with fentanyl combination was found to be more promising in terms of onset and duration of labor analgesia as compared with ropivacaine and fentanyl combination.

How to cite this article

Sharma YK, Agrawal M. Combined Spinal–epidural with Levobupivacaine or Ropivacaine with Fentanyl for Labor Analgesia: A Comparative Study. Int J Adv Integ Med Sci 2017;2(2):73-77.
Long-term Effectiveness and Tolerability Profile of Iloperidone in Patients of Psychosis
Authors: Kuchhal Abhinav , Singh Shivangna , Singh Hari OK , Yadav Alka , Zaheer Imran
Published: September 2017

Aim

To evaluate the long-term efficacy, tolerability, and safety profile of iloperidone.

Materials and methods

A 12 month, prospective, interventional, open label, flexible dose study was conducted on 50 drug naïve, first-episode patients aged 18 to 65 years, fulfilling the International Classification of Diseases-10 criteria for psychosis, for assessing long-term efficacy and adverse events, including biochemical parameters of iloperidone. Detailed clinical examination was carried out. Sociodemographic data and baseline parameters were recorded.

Results

Two patients dropped out during the course of therapy. M/F ratio was 1.77:1. Mean age of patients was 28.76 ± 10.28 [mean ± standard deviation (SD)] years. Rural/urban ratio was 2.84:1.25. Patients were illiterate, 18 belonged to low socioeconomic class. It was observed that iloperidone was fairly efficacious not only in preventing relapse or aggravation of symptoms but also well restored the patient to almost near-normal till the end point. After 3 months, 20/48 (41.66%) patients showed significant weight gain that was evident. Mean total weight gain from baseline to end point was 2.89 kg and was statistically significant. There was significant rise in body mass index (BMI) but no patient crossed the upper normal limit. Iloperidone did not cause significant rise (p < 0.6955) in fasting blood sugar (FBS), and no significant alterations in total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride, low-density lipoprotein (LDL), and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol were recorded. Dizziness was one of the earliest adverse events appearing within 2 to 3 days; others were insomnia, weight gain, increased appetite, anxiety, headache, sedation, etc.

Conclusion

On long-term basis, iloperidone is fairly efficacious and has favorable tolerability profile with modest weight gain and practically no alteration in FBS, and lipid profile as well as absence of extrapyramidal side effects.

How to cite this article

Singh S, Singh HOK, Kuchhal A, Yadav A, Zaheer I. Long-term Effectiveness and Tolerability Profile of Iloperidone in Patients of Psychosis. Int J Adv Integ Med Sci 2017;2(2):78-84.
Comparative empirical analysis of temporal relationships between construction investment and economic growth in the United States
Authors: Ahmadi Navid , Shahandashti Mohsen
Published: September 2017

The majority of policymakers believe that investments in construction infrastructure would boost the economy of the United States (U.S.). They also assume that construction investment in infrastructure has similar impact on the economies of different U.S. states. In contrast, there have been studies showing the negative impact of construction activities on the economy. However, there has not been any research attempt to empirically test the temporal relationships between construction investment and economic growth in the U.S. states, to determine the longitudinal impact of construction investment on the economy of each state. The objective of this study is to investigate whether Construction Value Added (CVA) is the leading (or lagging) indicator of real Gross Domestic Product (real GDP) for every individual state of the U.S. using empirical time series tests. The results of Granger causality tests showed that CVA is a leading indicator of state real GDP in 18 states and the District of Columbia; real GDP is a leading indicator of CVA in 10 states and the District of Columbia. There is a bidirectional relationship between CVA and real GDP in 5 states and the District of Columbia. In 8 states and the District of Columbia, not only do CVA and real GDP have leading/lagging relationships, but they are also cointegrated. These results highlight the important role of the construction industry in these states. The results also show that leading (or lagging) lengths vary for different states. The results of the comparative empirical analysis reject the hypothesis that CVA is a leading indicator of real GDP in the states with the highest shares of construction in the real GDP. The findings of this research contribute to the state of knowledge by quantifying the temporal relationships between construction investment and economic growth in the U.S. states. It is expected that the results help policymakers better understand the impact of construction investment on the economic growth in various U.S. states.
Challenges, success factors and strategies for women’s career development in the Australian construction industry
Authors: Rosa Jasmin E. , Hon Carol K.H. , Xia Bo , Lamari Fiona
Published: September 2017

Construction is traditionally a male industry. Women have long had difficulties entering or advancing their career in construction. Evidence shows that a diversified workforce with gender balance will bring about higher levels of productivity. Despite the importance of this issue, there have been limited studies on women’s career development in construction. This study aims to investigate women’s career development in the Australian construction industry, with objectives to evaluate the challenges and success factors of women’s career development in the construction industry and provide strategies for narrowing the gender imbalance. A mixed approach of questionnaire survey and interview were conducted with female practitioners in the construction industry. Forty-three completed questionnaires were received and 10 interviews were conducted. Stress, family-work balance, and negative perception towards women in construction were the top three challenges identified. Dedication, determination, and independence were the top three success factors of women in construction. This study recommends construction employers consider providing personal development programs and flexible working arrangement for their female employees. Significance of this study lies on contributing to understanding women’s career development in construction. Findings will be useful for government and professional institutions to promulgate strategies for advancing women’s career development in construction.
Comparing univariate techniques for tender price index forecasting: Box-Jenkins and neural network model
Authors: Oshodi Olalekan , Ejohwomu Obuks Augustine , Famakin Ibukun Oluwadara , Cortez Paulo
Published: September 2017

The poor performance of projects is a recurring event in the construction sector. Information gleaned from literature shows that uncertainty in project cost is one of the significant causes of this problem. Reliable forecast of construction cost is useful in mitigating the adverse effect of its fluctuation, however the availability of data for the development of multivariate models for construction cost forecasting remains a challenge. The study seeks to investigate the reliability of using univariate models for tender price index forecasting. Box-Jenkins and neural network are the modelling techniques applied in this study. The results show that the neural network model outperforms the Box-Jenkins model, in terms of accuracy. In addition, the neural network model provides a reliable forecast of tender price index over a period of 12 quarters ahead. The limitations of using the univariate models are elaborated. The developed neural network model can be used by stakeholders as a tool for predicting the movements in tender price index. In addition, the univariate models developed in the present study are particularly useful in countries where limited data reduces the possibility of applying multivariate models.
The log mean divisia index based carbon productivity in the Australian construction industry
Authors: Liang Lingfeng , Hu Xiancun , Tivendale Linda , Liu Chunlu
Published: September 2017

Environmental protection and economic growth are two indicators of sustainable global development. This study aims to investigate the performance of environmental protection and economic growth by measuring carbon productivity in the construction field. Carbon productivity is the amount of gross domestic product generated by the unit of carbon emissions. The log mean Divisia index method is used to investigate influential factors including carbon intensity, energy intensity and regional adjustment that impact on changes of carbon productivity. The study utilises a range of data from the Australian construction industry during 1995-2004 including energy consumption, industry value added and carbon dioxide equivalent consumption. The research indicates carbon productivity in the Australian construction industry has clearly increased. Energy intensity plays a significant positive role in promoting carbon productivity, whereas carbon intensity and regional adjustment have limited influence. Introducing advanced construction machinery and equipment is a feasible pathway to enhance carbon productivity. The research method is generic and can be used to measure other performance indicators and decomposing them into influential factors.
Claims, Disputes and Litigation Involving BIM
Authors: Kassem Mohamad
Published: September 2017

Jason, D. 2015. Claims Disputes and Litigation Involving BIM. Devon, UK: Routledge.
ISBN: 978-0-415-85894-6. 208 pages.
Table of Contents
Authors: EJournal TfC
Published: September 2017

Table of Contents
Global Soil Consumption of Atmospheric Carbon Monoxide: An Analysis Using a Process-Based Biogeochemistry Model
Authors: Liu Licheng , Zhuang Qianlai , Zhu Qing , Liu Shaoqing , van Asperen Hella , Pihlatie Mari
Published: September 2017

Abstract. Carbon monoxide (CO) plays an important role in controlling the oxidizing capacity of the atmosphere by reacting with OH radicals that affect atmospheric methane (CH4) dynamics. We develop a process-based biogeochemistry model to quantify CO exchange between the soil and the atmosphere at the global scale. The model is parameterized using CO flux data from the field and laboratory experiments for eleven representative ecosystem types. The model is then extrapolated to the global terrestrial ecosystems. Global soil gross consumption, gross production, and net flux of the atmospheric CO are estimated to be 132–154, 29–36 and 102–119 Tg CO yr−1 (1 Tg = 1012 g), respectively, assuming a constant spatially distributed atmospheric CO concentration (~ 128 ppbv) during the 20th century. When satellite-based atmospheric CO concentration data are used, our estimates of the soil gross consumption are 180-197 Tg CO yr-1 in the period of 2000–2013. Tropical evergreen forest, savanna and deciduous forest areas are the largest sinks at 93 Tg CO yr−1. Soil CO gross consumption is sensitive to air temperature and atmospheric CO concentration while gross production is sensitive to soil organic carbon (SOC) stock and air temperature. Under future climate scenarios, the soil gross consumption, gross production and net flux of CO will increase at 0.15–1.23, 0.04–0.3 and 0.12–0.94 Tg CO yr−2 during 2014–2100, reaching 162–194, 36–44, and 126–150 Tg CO yr−1 by the end of the 21st century, respectively. Areas near the equator, Eastern US, Europe and eastern Asia will be the largest sinks due to optimum soil moisture and high temperature. The annual global soil net flux of atmospheric CO is primarily controlled by air temperature, soil temperature, SOC and atmospheric CO concentrations, while its monthly variation mainly determined by air temperature, precipitation, soil temperature and soil moisture. Our process-based soil CO dynamics model and analysis shall benefit the modeling of the global climate and atmospheric chemistry.
Perdigão 2015: methodology for atmospheric multi-Doppler lidar experiments
Authors: Vasiljević Nikola , L. M. Palma José M. , Angelou Nikolas , Carlos Matos José , Menke Robert , Lea Guillaume , Mann Jakob , Courtney Michael , Frölen Ribeiro Luis , M. G. C. Gomes Vitor M.
Published: September 2017

Abstract. The long-range and short-range WindScanner systems (LRWS and SRWS), multi-Doppler lidar instruments, when combined together can map the turbulent flow around a wind turbine and at the same time measure mean flow conditions over an entire region such as a wind farm. As the WindScanner technology is novel, performing field campaigns with the WindScanner systems requires a methodology that will maximize the benefits of conducting WindScanner-based experiments. Such a methodology, made up of 10 steps, is presented and discussed through its application in a pilot experiment that took place in a complex and forested site in Portugal, where for the first time the two WindScanner systems operated simultaneously. Overall, this resulted in a detailed site selection criteria, a well-thought-out experiment layout, novel flow mapping methods and high-quality flow observations, all of which are presented in this paper.
Electrodynamic balance–mass spectrometry of single particles as a
new platform for atmospheric chemistry research
Authors: Birdsall Adam W. , Krieger Ulrich K. , Keutsch Frank N.
Published: September 2017

Abstract. New analytical techniques are needed to improve our understanding of the intertwined physical and chemical processes that affect the composition of aerosol particles in the Earth’s atmosphere, such as gas–particle partitioning and homogenous or heterogeneous chemistry, and their ultimate relation to air quality and climate. We describe a new laboratory setup that couples an electrodynamic balance (EDB) to a mass spectrometer (MS). The EDB stores a single laboratory-generated particle in an electric field under atmospheric conditions for an arbitrarily long length of time. The particle is then transferred via gas flow to an ionization region that vaporizes and ionizes the analyte molecules before MS measurement. We demonstrate the feasibility of the technique by tracking evaporation of polyethylene glycol molecules and finding agreement with a kinetic model. Fitting data to the kinetic model also allows determination of vapor pressures to within a factor of 2. This EDB-MS system can be used to study fundamental chemical and physical processes involving particles that are difficult to isolate and study with other techniques. The results of such measurements can be used to improve our understanding of atmospheric particles.
Effects of shrub and tree cover increase on the near-surface atmosphere in northern Fennoscandia
Authors: Rydsaa Johanne H. , Stordal Frode , Bryn Anders , Tallaksen Lena M.
Published: September 2017

Abstract. Increased shrub and tree cover in high latitudes is a widely observed response to climate change that can lead to positive feedbacks to the regional climate. In this study we evaluate the sensitivity of the near-surface atmosphere to a potential increase in shrub and tree cover in the northern Fennoscandia region. We have applied the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model with the Noah-UA land surface module in evaluating biophysical effects of increased shrub cover on the near-surface atmosphere at a fine resolution (5.4 km  ×  5.4 km). Perturbation experiments are performed in which we prescribe a gradual increase in taller vegetation in the alpine shrub and tree cover according to empirically established bioclimatic zones within the study region. We focus on the spring and summer atmospheric response. To evaluate the sensitivity of the atmospheric response to inter-annual variability in climate, simulations were conducted for two contrasting years, one warm and one cold. We find that shrub and tree cover increase leads to a general increase in near-surface temperatures, with the highest influence seen during the snowmelt season and a more moderate effect during summer. We find that the warming effect is stronger in taller vegetation types, with more complex canopies leading to decreases in the surface albedo. Counteracting effects include increased evapotranspiration, which can lead to increased cloud cover, precipitation, and snow cover. We find that the strength of the atmospheric feedback is sensitive to snow cover variations and to a lesser extent to summer temperatures. Our results show that the positive feedback to high-latitude warming induced by increased shrub and tree cover is a robust feature across inter-annual differences in meteorological conditions and will likely play an important role in land–atmosphere feedback processes in the future.
Biogeochemical cycling at the aquatic–terrestrial interface is linked to parafluvial hyporheic zone inundation history
Authors: Goldman Amy E. , Graham Emily B. , Crump Alex R. , Kennedy David W. , Romero Elvira B. , Anderson Carolyn G. , Dana Karl L. , Resch Charles T. , Fredrickson Jim K. , Stegen James C.
Published: September 2017

Abstract. The parafluvial hyporheic zone combines the heightened biogeochemical and microbial interactions indicative of a hyporheic region with direct atmospheric/terrestrial inputs and the effects of wet–dry cycles. Therefore, understanding biogeochemical cycling and microbial interactions in this ecotone is fundamental to understanding biogeochemical cycling at the aquatic–terrestrial interface and to creating robust hydrobiogeochemical models of dynamic river corridors. We aimed to (i) characterize biogeochemical and microbial differences in the parafluvial hyporheic zone across a small spatial domain (6 lateral meters) that spans a breadth of inundation histories and (ii) examine how parafluvial hyporheic sediments respond to laboratory-simulated re-inundation. Surface sediment was collected at four elevations along transects perpendicular to flow of the Columbia River, eastern WA, USA. The sediments were inundated by the river 0, 13, 127, and 398 days prior to sampling. Spatial variation in environmental variables (organic matter, moisture, nitrate, glucose,  % C,  % N) and microbial communities (16S and internal transcribed spacer (ITS) rRNA gene sequencing, qPCR) were driven by differences in inundation history. Microbial respiration did not differ significantly across inundation histories prior to forced inundation in laboratory incubations. Forced inundation suppressed microbial respiration across all histories, but the degree of suppression was dramatically different between the sediments saturated and unsaturated at the time of sample collection, indicating a binary threshold response to re-inundation. We present a conceptual model in which irregular hydrologic fluctuations facilitate microbial communities adapted to local conditions and a relatively high flux of CO2. Upon rewetting, microbial communities are initially suppressed metabolically, which results in lower CO2 flux rates primarily due to suppression of fungal respiration. Following prolonged inundation, the microbial community adapts to saturation by shifting composition, and the CO2 flux rebounds to prior levels due to the subsequent change in respiration. Our results indicate that the time between inundation events can push the system into alternate states: we suggest (i) that, above some threshold of inundation interval, re-inundation suppresses respiration to a consistent, low rate and (ii) that, below some inundation interval, re-inundation has a minor effect on respiration. Extending reactive transport models to capture processes that govern such dynamics will provide more robust predictions of river corridor biogeochemical function under altered surface water flow regimes in both managed and natural watersheds.
SM2RAIN-CCI: A new global long-term rainfall data set derived from ESA CCI soil moisture
Authors: Ciabatta Luca , Massari Christian , Brocca Luca , Gruber Alexander , Reimer Christoph , Hahn Sebastian , Paulik Christoph , Dorigo Wouter , Kidd Richard , Wagner Wolfgang
Published: September 2017

Abstract. Accurate and long-term rainfall estimates are the main inputs for several applications, spanning from crop modeling to climate analysis. In this study, we present a new rainfall data set (SM2RAIN-CCI) obtained from the inversion of the satellite soil moisture (SM) observations derived from the ESA Climate Change Initiative (CCI) via SM2RAIN (Brocca et al., 2014). Daily rainfall estimates are generated for an 18-year long period (1998–2015), with a spatial sampling of 0.25° on a global scale and are based on the integration of the ACTIVE and the PASSIVE ESA CCI SM data sets. The quality of the SM2RAIN-CCI rainfall data set is evaluated by comparing it with two stateof-art rainfall satellite products, i.e. the Tropical Measurement Mission Multi-satellite Precipitation Analysis 3B42 real-time product (TMPA 3B42RT) and the Climate Prediction Center Morphing Technique (CMORPH), and one modelled data set (ERA-Interim). The assessment is carried out on a global scale at 1° of spatial sampling and 5-day of temporal sampling by comparing these products with the gauge-based Global Precipitation Climatology Centre Full Data Daily (GPCC-FDD) product. SM2RAIN-CCI shows relatively good results in terms of correlation coefficient (median value > 0.56), Root Mean Square Difference (RMSD, median value
Evaluation of model-based seasonal streamflow and water allocation forecasts for the Elqui Valley, Chile
Authors: Delorit Justin , Gonzalez Ortuya Edmundo Cristian , Block Paul
Published: September 2017

Abstract. In many semi-arid regions, multisectoral demands often stress available water supplies. Such is the case in the Elqui River valley of northern Chile, which draws on a limited-capacity reservoir to allocate 25 000 water rights. Delayed infrastructure investment forces water managers to address demand-based allocation strategies, particularly in dry years, which are realized through reductions in the volume associated with each water right. Skillful season-ahead streamflow forecasts have the potential to inform managers with an indication of future conditions to guide reservoir allocations. This work evaluates season-ahead statistical prediction models of October–January (growing season) streamflow at multiple lead times associated with manager and user decision points, and links predictions with a reservoir allocation tool. Skillful results (streamflow forecasts outperform climatology) are produced for short lead times (1 September: ranked probability skill score (RPSS) of 0.31, categorical hit skill score of 61 %). At longer lead times, climatological skill exceeds forecast skill due to fewer observations of precipitation. However, coupling the 1 September statistical forecast model with a sea surface temperature phase and strength statistical model allows for equally skillful categorical streamflow forecasts to be produced for a 1 May lead, triggered for 60 % of years (1950–2015), suggesting forecasts need not be strictly deterministic to be useful for water rights holders. An early (1 May) categorical indication of expected conditions is reinforced with a deterministic forecast (1 September) as more observations of local variables become available. The reservoir allocation model is skillful at the 1 September lead (categorical hit skill score of 53 %); skill improves to 79 % when categorical allocation prediction certainty exceeds 80 %. This result implies that allocation efficiency may improve when forecasts are integrated into reservoir decision frameworks. The methods applied here advance the understanding of the mechanisms and timing responsible for moisture transport to the Elqui Valley and provide a unique application of streamflow forecasting in the prediction of water right allocations.
Greenland Iceberg Melt Variability from High-Resolution Satellite Observations
Authors: Enderlin Ellyn M. , Carrigan Caroline J. , Kochtitzky William H. , Cuadros Alexandra , Moon Twila , Hamilton Gordon S.
Published: September 2017

Abstract. Iceberg discharge from the Greenland Ice Sheet accounts for up to half of the freshwater flux to surrounding fjords and ocean basins, yet the spatial distribution of iceberg meltwater fluxes is poorly understood. One of the primary limitations for mapping iceberg meltwater fluxes, and changes over time, is the dearth of iceberg submarine melt rate estimates. Here we use a remote sensing approach to estimate submarine melt rates during 2011–2016 for 637 icebergs discharged from seven large marine-terminating glaciers fringing the Greenland Ice Sheet. We find that spatial variations in iceberg melt rates generally follow expected patterns based on hydrographic observations, including a general decrease in melt rate with latitude and an increase in melt rate with iceberg draft. We do not resolve coherent temporal variations in iceberg melt rates across all study sites, though we attribute a four-fold increase in iceberg melt rates from March to April 2011 near Jakobshavn Isbræ's terminus to rapid fjord circulation changes induced by the seasonal onset of iceberg calving. Overall, our results suggest that remotely-sensed iceberg melt rates can be used to characterize spatial and temporal variations in oceanic forcing near marine-terminating glaciers, including regions largely inaccessible for in situ study.
The Problems of Implementing CLIL in Italy
Authors: Serragiotto Graziano
Published: September 2017

This article highlights the problems involved in implementing CLIL methodology. A general framework is initially offered as to how CLIL is applied in Italy institutionally. Then, thanks to the underwriter’s experience as a CLIL educator and researcher, other issues will be taken into consideration, such as contextualization, teachers, and balancing between language and content in order to realize a CLIL process in line with the language and content objectives established by its design. The purpose of this study is therefore to elaborate suitable practices that result being a helpful tool to teachers working in a CLIL environment.
Powdery Mildew and Nutritional Qualities of Cashew Apple and Kernels
Authors: Americo Uaciquete, , Cicilia Manjate, , Lucas Muidingui,
Published: September 2017

In this study we quantitatively evaluated the impact of cashew’s powdery mildew on nutritional quality of both apples and nut products. Specifically we assessed pH, Brix, Vitamin C and the concentration of alcohol on juice, fermented juice and distilled spirit. In addition, kernels from diseased nuts were assessed for moisture, ash, lipids, proteins and carbohydrates content. A completely randomized design with at least three replications was followed in each trial and analysis of variance (ANOVA) performed to check the disease severity categories effect, on nutritional qualities of apples drinkables and kernels. Treatment means were separated by Tukey’s test (P<0.01). Apple disease severity significantly increased pH values of apple juice from 5.22 to 5.34 and 5.47 respectively from healthy, infected and severely infected fruits. Similarly, the amount of Vitamin C increased statistically from 158.92 to 169.02 and 182.15 mg/ml. Finally, Juice Total Soluble Solids (TSS) significantly increased from 13.9 to and 15.1 and 18.9 O Brix. In the wine from healthy, infected and severely infected fruits, pH values varied from 4.66 to 4.79 and 5.47 respectively. Similar trends were observed in fermented wine and distilled spirit. However, the effect of powdery mildew nut scarification on kernels content in moisture, ash, lipids, proteins and carbohydrates was not statistically significant (P>0.01). In conclusion, powdery mildew disease improved the nutritional qualities of cashew apples derived drinks but caused no effect on nutritional components of the kernels. Therefore in disease endemic regions apple selection is highly recommended for fresh consumption or preparation of cashew drinkables.
Experimental Challenges when Measuring Partial Discharges under Combined DC and High Frequency AC Voltage
Authors: Olsen Pål Keim , Velo Ingrid Roen , Mauseth Frank
Published: September 2017

The present paper reviews some of the challenges involved in designing and building an experimental setup for measurement of partial discharge under combined AC and DC voltage. A design of a modular test cell is discussed, as well as all parameters relevant to proper control of the experiment conditions. The described experimental setup is capable of producing sinusoidal AC voltage at a variable frequency up to 5 kHz superimposed a high DC voltage. The challenges related to intermittent noise reduction was remedied by placing the setup in a Faraday cage and controlling the setup from the outside by optical cables. All equipment in the test setup was connected to the power grid through low-pass filters.
Kraft-Pulp Based Material for Electrical Insulation
Authors: Hollertz Rebecca , Wågberg Lars , Pitois Claire
Published: September 2017

The dielectric properties of the electrical insulation material have a significant influence on the performance and reliability of components in electrical equipment. The influence of the chemistry and electronic structure of the different constituents of the kraft pulp (used in electrical insulation) on some dielectric properties is discussed in this paper. The studies and mechanisms discussed indicate that the presence of different wood polymers (cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin), have different effects on dielectric properties (static electrification and high frequency response). Our results show that the dielectric response of lignin is different compared with the response of hemicellulose and cellulose and this is also expected from the chemical structure of the different components. The lignin molecule has a higher polarizability at frequencies of significance for streamer inception and propagation. With spectroscopic ellipsometry measurements it has also been shown that the energy for electronic transitions in this spectral region is lower for lignin. The results also clearly indicate that the role of cellulose, lignin and hemicellulose should be further investigated for improving electrical breakdown strength of paper based insulation materials.
Frequency of Dengue virus Infection among Febrile Patients of Lahore
Authors: Malik M. Salman Munir , Javed Fahad , Wasim Muhammad , Ulfat Maham , Arshad Sana , Younas Rehmat , Saleem Hafiz Ghulam Murtaza
Published: September 2017

BACKGROUND: Dengue virus infection is one of the major global public health problems. The infection usually occurs with clinical manifestations ranging from an asymptomatic or mild febrile illness as classical dengue fever to the potentially life-threatening illness, dengue hemorrhagic fever and dengue shock syndrome. The objective of the current study was to observe the frequency and diagnosis of primary or secondary dengue viral infection among individuals in Lahore city, Pakistan.METHODS: Study subjects were identified for the presence of dengue diagnostic markers including NS1 antigen, IgM and IgG antibody. The dengue specific antigen NS1 was detected by immonochromatography, while dengue specific antibodies (IgM and IgG) were measured through ELISA.RESULTS: Total 98 (56%) out of 175 febrile cases were found infected by dengue virus. From total 98 confirmed dengue cases, NS1 antigen was detected in 59 (60.20%), IgM antibodies were present in 74 (75.51%) and IgG antibodies were detected in 40 (40.81%) individuals. Statistical analysis reveals correlation of NS1 antigen and IgM antibody among dengue patients with significant P-value (P < 0.01). Results indicated that 58 (59%) were infected by primary infection and 40 (41%) were infected by secondary infection. The most effected age group was 21-30 years (51.02%) and least effected age group was <10 years (3.06%). Males were observed higher in number 61 (62%) as compare to females 37 (38%). Overall, the frequency of dengue virus infections were 56% among undifferentiated febrile patients in Lahore city, Pakistan.CONCLUSION: Dengue is found endemic in city population with increased incidence in monsoon and post monsoon. Constant vigilance of patients and dengue vector control awareness programs among public and health care officials could support in combating dengue.
Financing Ecological Environment, Financing Capacity and R&D Investment: An Empirical Study on Listed Companies of New Material Industry in China
Authors: Xiong Wen , Geng Chengxuan
Published: September 2017

Introducing the concept of financing ecology into the research of new material enterprises’ R&D investment, and taking 203 Chinese listed companies of new material industry from 2010 to 2015 as the research objects, this paper explores the relationship between financing ecological environment, new material enterprises’ financing ability and R&D investment. The study shows that: Financing ecological environment has significant influence on new material enterprises’ R&D investment; Specifically, two sub dimensions of economics and finance have positive effects, while the sub dimension of system and honesty has negative effects; The promotion of financing capacity helps new material enterprises to increase R&D investment; Financing capability plays a positive intermediary role between financing ecological environment and R&D investment. Accordingly, new material enterprises should promote adaptive coevolution between financing ability, R&D funds allocation and financing ecology, and fully use the support of policy system.
Ghana’s Path to an Industrial–Led Growth: The Role of Decentralisation Policies
Authors: Fenny Ama
Published: September 2017

Ghana’s industrial sector has evolved with the various stages of political and economic reforms since independence in 1957. Efforts to decentralize its key institutions to enhance economic growth has seen very little success especially in the area of linking industries to local institutions. Recently, the economy has been dampened by worsening macroeconomic environment, huge regional disparities and power crises. A number of policy and programme initiatives by the government have been undertaken especially in the area of revamping the local economies through the existing decentralized systems. This paper presents a critical review of the role of decentralized institutions in industrialisation in Ghana. The paper utilises annual data from the Ministry of Finance and Ghana Statistical Service from 1981 to date to show trends in growth patterns in the selected indicators.Despite key interventions, some regions in Ghana have failed to develop. The envisioned industrial geographical dispersion has not been realised as we find many Ghanaian industries concentrated in a few regions. The paper highlights the challenges facing Ghana’s decentralized institutions and identifies the opportunities that can catalyse the growth of Ghana’s industrial sector if key policy strategic reforms are undertaken. An industrial-led growth will ensure that the manufacturing sub-sector will be boosted to improve production and provide jobs. Industrialisation has been projected at the forefront of government’s development agenda. The paper provides a review that highlights the need to support decentralised institutions to enable them stimulate investment in industrial sector.
Construct Validation of the Motivated Strategies for Learning Questionnaire in a Singapore High School Sample
Authors: Chow Chiu Wai , Chapman Elaine
Published: September 2017

In this study, the construct validity of the Motivated Strategies for Learning Questionnaire (MSLQ) was assessed. Participants were 441 Year 11 students in Singapore. Three separate confirmatory factor analyses were conducted for each section of the MSLQ (motivation and learning strategies). Results indicated that the original factor structures proposed by the instrument developers produced the best model fit. Cronbach α coefficients were also acceptable for all but one of the individual scales. Correlations with the Revised Learning Process Questionnaire—Two Factor and physics achievement scores also aligned with the theoretical basis of the MSLQ. These results confirmed the potential utility of this instrument for assessing the motivation and learning strategies of secondary students in Singapore.
Basal cell carcinoma of the facial skin penetrating to the orbit – case report
Authors: Czesak Małgorzata , Chęciński Piotr , Osuch-Wójcikiewicz Ewa , Bruzgielewicz Antoni , Sokołowski Jacek , Niemczyk Kazimierz
Published: September 2017

Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) is the most frequent malignant neoplasm of the skin. In this report we present a case of
a 59-year-old patient, who had noticed for five years gradually growing tumor of the facial skin. MR scans revealed
pathological lesion in the left orbit. The patient required partial resection of the nose, orbital exenteration with anterolateral
thigh free flap reconstruction. The authors present diagnostic problems and methods of treatment BCC.
Rzymski racjonalizm. Teoria piśmienności przeciwko teorii sekularyzacji
Authors: Grad Paweł
Published: September 2017

My article undermines one of the secularization theory theses and a post-secular paradigm
based on it by means of the literacy theory. The studies on literacy and orality allow
us to question the thesis that secularization and rationalization of religion consists in the
transition from gesture and ritual based communication to verbal communication. Contrary
to this theory of Jürgen Habermas, I claim that lingualisation and codification of the sacred
by the medium of writing is a standard way of the historical development of religion, which
seeks to preserve its integrity under the pressure of a historical change, including the secularization
pressure The threat of emergence of contradictory interpretations, competing with
each other, is a direct cause of the canonization of religion, and thus its “rationalization”
– this phenomenon is described in the second paragraph. We can illustrate them well on the
example of Catholic Counter-Reformation, which I do in the third paragraph. As a result of
these considerations, the picture of the literate religion emerges which presents it as a legal
system regulating forms of life rather than as a collection of symbols expressing pre-rational
beliefs. Such an approach requires verification of the assumptions of the post-secular project,
which I do in the last paragraph.
ORGANIZATION OF FINANCIAL PLANNING
IN THE UNCERTAINTY
Authors: Kravchenko Olha
Published: September 2017

The article investigates a financial planning organization at enterprises in uncertainty.
The financial planning mistakes, namely the organization of the planning work
and proper planning, have been considered. The expediency of the scenario approach
of planning in uncertainty has been substantiated. A financial planning technology
based on the construction of enterprise scenarios has been proposed.
THE ESTIMATION OF NATURAL CAPITAL OF UKRAINE
Authors: Yakymchuk Alina , Valyukh Andriy , Zaitsev Dmytro
Published: September 2017

The dynamics of the country's natural capital has been an indicator of the ecological status of a certain territory or an indicator of its quality. Natural goods should be given official accounting status in the national accounting system and an adequate statistical evaluation along with other indicators of economic potential. In the case of a decrease in the number of plant and animal species, one can unequivocally assert the deterioration of the ecological conditions of natural ecosystems, the development of the phenomen of biodiversity degradation. That is why economists often make an attempt to assess the ecological state of the territories through the phenomen of natural capital degradation.
Posterior Branches of Lumbar Spinal Nerves – Part III: Spinal Dorsal Ramus Mediated Back Pain – Pathomechanism, Symptomatology and Diagnostic Work-up
Authors: Kozera Katarzyna , Ciszek Bogdan , Szaro Paweł
Published: September 2017

Spinal Dorsal Ramus Mediated Back Pain is the second most frequently described condition (the first one being Lumbar Facet Syndrome) originating from pathology involving posterior branches of lumbar spinal nerves.
Spinal Dorsal Ramus Mediated Back Pain was described as “thoracolumbar junction syndrome” by Maigne in 1989.
As a rule, Spinal Dorsal Ramus Mediated Back Pain presents unilaterally within posterior branches at the levels Th11-12 and L1-2. The pain is triggered by extension and/or rotation. Typical symptoms include pain that may radiate towards the gluteal area and posterior iliac crest and does not cross the body midline. Clinical symptoms may correlate with the area supplied by the whole spinal nerve of the given segment, including both the posterior and anterior branch. For this reason, patients may report not only low back pain, but also pseudovisceral pain in the hypogastric area, false sciatic neuralgia, tenderness of the pubic symphysis and hypersensitivity of the intestines. The above symptoms may lead to diagnostic difficulties. Diagnostic work-up may benefit from performance of the Kibler Fold Test to determine sensitivity of the tissues surrounding the iliac crest.
Patients with Spinal Dorsal Ramus Mediated Back Pain respond well to manual manipulative techniques if these are delivered in a technically correct manner and address the appropriate segment. A recommended approach for patients with absolute contraindications to manipulation, i.e. advanced osteoporosis or osteogenesis imperfecta, is a block of the po­sterior branch of the spinal nerve involved.
Outcomes of Total Knee Arthroplasty in Patients with Bleeding Disorders
Authors: Szmyd Jakub , Jaworski Jerzy Mirosław , Kamiński Paweł
Published: September 2017

Background. Advanced haemophilic arthropathy is a possible complication in patients with congenital bleeding disor­ders. This study aimed to assess treatment outcomes after primary total knee arthroplasty in this group of patients.
Material and methods. A total of 60 primary total knee arthroplasties were performed in the period 2011-2014. The study ultimately included 40 knee replacements in 35 patients. The average follow-up period was 19.4 months (max. 32, min. 12), with patients followed up for a period shorter than 12 months excluded from the study. The average age of the patients was 36.7 years (min. 27, max. 72). Types of inherited bleeding disor­ders among the study population were as fol­lows: 82% with haemophilia A, 15% with haemophilia B and 1% with Von Willebrand disease. Pain intensity was assessed before the surgery and at a 12-month follow-up visit using VAS. The patients completed the OKS and WOMAC question­naires before the surgery and at the 12-month follow-up visit. Functional evaluation of the patients was performed using KSS before the TKA and 12 months after the knee replacement surgery.
Results. The pain intensity was considerably reduced 12 months after the surgery. VAS scores averaged 7.4 pts (SD 1.6) before TKA and 1.6 pts (SD 1.7) after the surgery. A significant improvement in patients’ functioning was recorded. The average WOMAC score was 33 pts (SD 26) before the operation and 72.7 pts (SD 23.4) after TKA. Similar results were obtained for OKS: 20.9 pts (SD 7.3) before knee replacement and 41.2 pts (SD 2.4) after the surgery. The average KSS score before TKA was 29.2 pts (SD 22.8) and 71.5 pts (SD 9.5) after 12 months.
Conclusions. 1. Total knee arthroplasty is a very good therapy for patients with advanced haemophilic arthropathy. 2. TKA considerably reduces pain intensity in patients. 3. TKA considerably improves patients’ functioning in daily life. 4. Patients are very satisfied with the outcomes of this procedure.