bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Oxidized LDL Disrupts Metabolism and Inhibits Macrophage Survival by Activating a miR-9/Drp1/Mitochondrial Fission Signaling Pathway
Authors: Xin Ting , Lu Chengzhi , Zhang Jing , Wen Jiaxin , Yan Shuangbin , Li Chao , Zhang Feng , Zhang Jin
Published: November 2020

Mitochondrial dysfunction is associated with macrophage damage, but the role of mitochondrial fission in macrophage cholesterol metabolism is not fully understood. In this study, we explored the influences of miR-9 and mitochondrial fission on macrophage viability and cholesterol metabolism. Macrophages were incubated with oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL) in vitro, after which mitochondrial fission, cell viability, and cholesterol metabolism were examined using qPCR, ELISAs, and immunofluorescence. ox-LDL treatment significantly increased Drp1-associated mitochondrial fission. Transfection of Drp1 siRNA significantly reduced cell death, attenuated oxidative stress, and inhibited inflammatory responses in ox-LDL-treated macrophages. Interestingly, inhibition of Drp1-related mitochondrial fission also improved cholesterol metabolism by balancing the transcription of cholesterol influx/efflux enzymes. We also found that miR-9 was downregulated in ox-LDL-treated macrophages, and administration of a miR-9 mimic decreased Drp1 transcription and mitochondrial fission, as well as its effects. These results indicate that signaling via the novel miR-9/Drp1/mitochondrial fission axis is a key determinant of macrophage viability and cholesterol metabolism.
Performance Optimization Mechanism of Adolescent Physical Training Based on Reinforcement Learning and Markov Model
Authors: Wei Mingze , Yuan Lei
Published: November 2020

Upon the teenagers’ failure to obtain the plenty of physical exercises at the growth and development stage, the related central nervous system is prone to degeneration and the physical fitness starts to decline gradually. In fact, through monitoring the exercise process real-timely and quantifying the exercise data, the adolescent physical training can be effectively conducted. For such process, it involves two issues, i.e., the real-time data monitoring and data quantification evaluation. Therefore, this paper proposes a novel method based on Reinforcement Learning (RL) and Markov model to monitor and evaluate the physical training effect. Meanwhile, the RL is used to optimize the adaptive bit rate of surveillance video and help the real-time data monitoring; the Markov model is employed to evaluate the health condition on the physical training. Finally, we develop a real-time monitoring system on exercise data and compare with the state-of-the-art mechanisms based on this system platform. The experimental results indicate that the proposed performance optimization mechanism can be more efficient to conduct the physical training. Particularly the average evaluation deviation rate based on Markov model is controlled within 0.16%.
A Novel Approach to Transform Bitmap to Vector Image for Data Reliable Visualization considering the Image Triangulation and Color Selection
Authors: Han Zhike , Wu Xiuchao , Chi Meng , Tang Jun , Yang Lijing
Published: November 2020

Vector image is a type of image composed of many geometric primitives. Compared with bitmaps, vector images have the ability to save memory as well as to enlarge without distortion. Meanwhile, it has been commonly adopted in data visualization (image data) because it can be scaled to multiple sizes to fit different scenes. For instance, it can be applied for the illustrations in newspapers and magazines, the logo on the web, the background for poster, the design of text, and traffic signs. However, transforming a bitmap to vector image is still a challenging problem because of the complicated content of a bitmap, which tends to consist of more than just simple geometry. Aiming at this issue, there is a new approach proposed to transform from bitmaps to vector images, which is based on triangle units and consists of three steps. In detail, firstly, there is an initial mesh constructed for one image in pixel level after detecting features. Then, the initial mesh will be simplified by collapsing two vertices as the initial mesh is too dense to represent one image. Specifically, there are two main parts in this step, which are collapse conditions and collapse influences. In the step of collapsing, issues such as overlap and sharp triangles can be conquered by a sort-edge method (which will be illustrated specifically later). The final step is to select one color for each triangle, since it is helpful to save the memory and speed up the process of this method. In addition, one color will represent one triangle; hence, in the final step, the four-triangle sample method will be applied in order to prevent a vector image from generating too large color discontinuity. Once the pretest proceeds without mistake, the method above is able to work for the general bitmaps. Note that our method can be applied to information security and privacy, since one image can be encoded to some triangles and colors.
Rapid Discrimination of Cheese Products Based on Probabilistic Neural Network and Raman Spectroscopy
Authors: Zhang Zheng-Yong
Published: November 2020

The aim of this work is to solve the practical problem that there are relatively few fast, intelligent, and objective methods to distinguish dairy products and to further improve the quality control methods of them. Therefore, an approach of cheese product brand discrimination method based on Raman spectroscopy and probabilistic neural network algorithm was developed. The experimental results show that the spectrum contains abundant molecular vibration information of carbohydrates, fats, proteins, and other components, and the Raman spectral data collection time of a single sample is only 100 s. Due to the high spectral similarity between samples, it is impossible to identify them with naked eyes. Characteristic peak intensity combined with statistical process control method was employed to study the fluctuation characteristics of samples. The results show that the characteristic peak of experimental samples fluctuates within a certain control limit. However, due to the high similarity between the Raman spectra of different brand samples, they cannot be effectively identified as well. This paper further studied and established the analytical approach based on Raman spectroscopy, including wavelet denoising, normalization, principal component analysis, and probabilistic neural network discrimination. In db1 wavelet processing, [−1, 1] normalization, 74 principal components (cumulative contribution rate of 100%) can realize the effective discrimination of different brands of cheese products in 1 s, with the average recognition accuracy of 96%. The discriminant method established in this work has the advantages of simple operation, rapid analysis, and accurate results. It provides a technical reference for the fight against counterfeit products and has a broad application prospect.
Targeting Metabolic Plasticity and Flexibility Dynamics for Cancer Therapy
Authors: Fendt Sarah-Maria , Frezza Christian , Erez Ayelet
Published: November 2020

Cancer cells continuously rewire their metabolism to fulfill their need for rapid growth and survival while subject to changes in environmental cues. Thus, a vital component of a cancer cell lies in its metabolic adaptability. The constant demand for metabolic alterations requires flexibility, that is, the ability to utilize different metabolic substrates; as well as plasticity, that is, the ability to process metabolic substrates in different ways. In this review, we discuss how dynamic changes in cancer metabolism affect tumor progression and the consequential implications for cancer therapy.

Significance:

Recognizing cancer dynamic metabolic adaptability as an entity can lead to targeted therapy that is expected to decrease drug resistance.
Efficacy of 90Y-Radioembolization in Metastatic Colorectal Cancer Depending on the Primary Tumor Side
Authors: Schindler Philipp , Masthoff Max , Harders Fabian , Schmidt Hartmut H. , Stegger Lars , Pascher Andreas , Rahbar Kambiz , Wildgruber Moritz , Köhler Michael
Published: November 2020

Background: Metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) is associated with different molecular biology, clinical characteristics, and outcome depending on the primary tumor localization. We aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of 90Y-radioembolization (RE) for therapy of colorectal liver metastases depending on the primary tumor side. Methods: We performed a retrospective analysis of n = 73 patients with mCRC and RE in our university liver center between 2009 and 2018. Patients were stratified according to the primary tumor side (left vs. right hemicolon), treatment response was assessed by the Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST) at follow-up after 3 months. Kaplan-Meier analysis was performed to analyze survival followed by Cox regression to determine independent prognostic factors for survival. Results: Prior to RE, all patients had received systemic therapy, with either stable or progressive disease, but no partial or complete response. In n = 22/73 (30.1%) patients, the primary tumor side was in the right colon; in n = 51/73 (69.9%) patients, in the left colon. Hepatic tumor burden was ≤25% in n = 36/73 (49.3%) patients and >25% in n = 37/73 (50.7%) patients. At 3 months, n = 21 (33.8%) patients showed treatment response (n = 2 [3.2%]; complete response, n = 19 [30.6%]; partial response), n = 13 (21.0%) stable disease, and n = 28 (45.2%) progressive disease after RE. The median survival in case of primary tumor side in the left colon was significantly higher than for primary tumors in the right colon (8.7 vs. 6.0 months, p = 0.033). The median survival for a hepatic tumor burden ≤25% was significantly higher than that of >25% (13.9 vs. 4.3 months, p < 0.001). The median overall survival was 6.1 months. Conclusion: The median survival after RE in hepatic-mCRC depends on the primary tumor side and the preprocedural hepatic tumor burden.
Acute exposure to hyperosmotic conditions reduces sperm activation by urine in the yellowtail tetra Astyanax altiparanae, a freshwater teleost fish
Authors: Rocha Nathalia Alcântara , Schade Gabriel Marra , Alves Álvaro de Miranda , Silva Claudia de Souza , Nakirimoto Jacqueline Megumi , Lauri Liura Sanchez , Campos Lucca Gobatto , Santos Marcelo Galvão dos , Mesquita Nicole Nascimento , Relvas Rachel Sordi , Carnevale Rafaella Fernandes , Oh Se Yoon , Gaia Victoria Portela Diniz , Kida Vivian Renata , Celeghini Eneiva Carla Carvalho , Assumpção Mayra Elena Ortiz D´'Ávila , Senhorini José Augusto , Siqueira Hatus de Oliveira , Nascimento Nivaldo Ferreira , Silva Luciano Andrade , Lázaro Talita Maria , Visintin José Antonio , Monzani Paulo Sérgio , Yasui George Shigueki
Published: November 2020

In freshwater fish with external fertilization, sperm sampling can be contaminated with urine, which triggers motility and gives rise to decreased fertilization success. The maintenance of freshwater fish in hyperosmotic conditions may reduce urine production and improve sperm quality. Thus, the aim of this work was to verify if acute exposure to various NaCl concentrations improves sperm quality in the yellowtail tetra Astyanax altiparanae. Spermiation was induced using a single dose of carp pituitary gland (5 mg kg-1) and the males were maintained at various NaCl concentrations: NaCl 0.00% (control), NaCl 0.45% (hypoosmotic), NaCl 0.9% (isosmotic) and NaCl 1.0% (hyperosmotic) for 6 h at 26 °C. Sperm was collected and verified for activation by urine and motility traits. At 0.00%, 0.45%, and 0.90%, the sperm was motile just after sampling, indicating activation by urine. Surprisingly, at hyperosmotic conditions, no activation was observed. Other sperm and motility parameters did not show any statistical differences, including sperm viability (P = 0.7083), concentration (P = 0.9030), total motility (P = 0.6149), VCL (curvilinear velocity; P = 0.1216), VAP (average path velocity; P = 0.1231) and VSL (straight-line velocity; P = 0.1340). Our results indicate that acute maintenance at hyperosmotic conditions eliminates sperm activation by urine and maintains sperm quality. Such a new procedure is interesting for both basic and applied sciences, including reproductive practice in fish.
Movement and Islands in Right Node Raising
Authors: Kimura Takayuki
Published: November 2020

This squib considers the syntax of Right Node Raising (RNR) and offers evidence for the movement analysis of RNR (e.g., Ross 1967). I argue that the shared rightmost DP in RNR survives VP-ellipsis, suggesting that it moves to a position higher than the base position. Moreover, when VP-ellipsis applies to RNR with an island, the island effect occurs. From these facts, I argue that movement is involved in RNR and demonstrate that Sabbagh’s (2007) linearization-based movement analysis cannot explain the data.
Converging evidence
Authors: Richie Russell , Hall Matthew L. , Cho Pyeong Whan , Coppola Marie
Published: November 2020

New languages emerge through interactions among people, yet the role of social network structure in language emergence is not clear, despite research from experimental semiotics, observational fieldwork, and computational modeling. To better understand the effects of social network structure on the formation of conventional referring expressions, we use a silent gesture paradigm that combines the methodological control of experimental semiotics and computational simulations with the naturalistic affordances of the human body, physical environment, and interpersonal communication. We elicited gestural referring expressions from hearing participants randomly assigned to either a richly- or sparsely-connected communicative network. Results demonstrate greater conventionalization among participants in the richly-connected condition, although this effect disappears after accounting for between-condition differences in overall number of communicative interactions. These results provide the first experimental demonstration that communicative network structure causally impacts the conventionalization of referring expressions in human participants, using a communicative modality in which human language naturally arises.
Tropical Precipitation Evolution in a Buoyancy-Budget Framework
Authors: Adames Ángel F. , Powell Scott W. , Ahmed Fiaz , Mayta Víctor C. , Neelin J. David
Published: November 2020

Observations have shown that tropical convection is influenced by fluctuations in temperature and moisture in the lower free troposphere (LFT; 600–850 hPa), as well as moist enthalpy (ME) fluctuations beneath the 850 hPa level, referred to as the deep boundary layer (DBL; 850–1000 hPa). A framework is developed that consolidates these three quantities within the context of the buoyancy of an entraining plume. A “plume buoyancy equation” is derived based on a relaxed version of the weak temperature gradient (WTG) approximation. Analysis of this equation using quantities derived from the Dynamics of the Madden–Julian Oscillation (DYNAMO) sounding array data reveals that processes occurring within the DBL and the LFT contribute nearly equally to the evolution of plume buoyancy, indicating that processes that occur in both layers are critical to the evolution of tropical convection. Adiabatic motions play an important role in the evolution of buoyancy both at the daily and longer time scales and are comparable in magnitude to horizontal moisture advection and vertical moist static energy advection by convection. The plume buoyancy equation may explain convective coupling at short time scales in both temperature and moisture fluctuations and can be used to complement the commonly used moist static energy budget, which emphasizes the slower evolution of the convective envelope in tropical motion systems.
SARS-CoV-2 Detection in Gingival Crevicular Fluid
Authors: Gupta S. , Mohindra R. , Chauhan P.K. , Singla V. , Goyal K. , Sahni V. , Gaur R. , Verma D.K. , Ghosh A. , Soni R.K. , Suri V. , Bhalla A. , Singh M.P.
Published: November 2020

Understanding the pathophysiology of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection remains a significant challenge of our times. The gingival crevicular fluid being representative of systemic status and having a proven track record of detecting viruses and biomarkers forms a logical basis for evaluating the presence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The study aimed to assess gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) for evidence of SARS-CoV-2 in 33 patients who were deemed to be COVID-19 positive upon nasopharyngeal sampling. An attempt was also made to comparatively evaluate it with saliva in terms of its sensitivity, as a diagnostic fluid for SARS-CoV-2. GCF and saliva samples were collected from 33 COVID-19–confirmed patients. Total RNA was extracted using NucliSENS easyMAG (bioMérieux) and eluted in the elution buffer. Envelope gene ( E gene) of SARS-CoV-2 and human RNase P gene as internal control were detected in GCF samples by using the TRUPCR SARS-CoV-2 RT qPCR kit V-2.0 (I) in an Applied Biosystems 7500 real-time machine. A significant majority of both asymptomatic and mildly symptomatic patients exhibited the presence of the novel coronavirus in their GCF samples. Considering the presence of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in the nasopharyngeal swab sampling as gold standard, the sensitivity of GCF and saliva, respectively, was 63.64% (confidence interval [CI], 45.1% to 79.60%) and 64.52% (CI, 45.37% to 80.77%). GCF was found to be comparable to saliva in terms of its sensitivity to detect SARS-CoV-2. Saliva samples tested positive in 3 of the 12 patients whose GCF tested negative, and likewise GCF tested positive for 2 of the 11 patients whose saliva tested negative on real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. The results establish GCF as a possible mode of transmission of SARS-CoV-2, which is the first such report in the literature, and also provide the first quantifiable evidence pointing toward a link between the COVID-19 infection and oral health.
Social media engagement tactics in U.S. community policing: Potential privacy and security concerns
Authors: Carter Alexander E , Hoy Mariea , DeSimone Betsy Byrne
Published: November 2020

Despite law enforcement’s best efforts to use social media as a means of community policing, some engagement tactics may lead citizens to disclose personally identifiable information (PII). We coded 200 tweets with the popular #9PMRoutine that tagged @PascoSheriff (Florida) for participant PII. We found numerous postings of adults’ and children’s PII that are problematic including pictures, health information and security-related comments about their routines or vacations. Implications for law enforcement to protect their communities are discussed as well as opportunities to continue to cultivate their online relationships in a more secure forum. We also provide future research directions.
Domineering Dispositions and Hierarchy Preferences: Differentiating the Impact of Traits and Social Values in Economic Games
Authors: Bergh Robin , Sidanius Jim
Published: November 2020

In this article, we examined the relation between valuing hierarchies (dominant value orientations) and personally wanting to get ahead, without regard for others’ welfare (domineering dispositions). Survey data from five studies (total N > 1,500) indicated differences between being domineering and endorsing dominant value orientations. This distinction was also evident in different strategies in economic games. Domineering individuals typically gave less to a powerless player (dictator game) but changed behaviors when the other party possessed bargaining power (ultimatum game). Individuals endorsing dominant value orientations did not show such “exploitative opportunism.” In a third-party punishment task, in contrast, individuals with dominant value orientations were more likely to intervene against fair decisions (i.e., upholding inequalities between others). Correcting behaviors of others were not predicted by domineering dispositions. We discuss implications for distinguishing between traits and social values more broadly.
Temporal Bone Fractures Caused by Ballistic Projectiles: A Systematic Review
Authors: Kennedy Kenneth L. , Cash Elizabeth , Petrey Jessica , Lin Jerry W.
Published: November 2020

Objective

Ballistic injuries to the temporal bone are uncommon but devastating injuries that damage critical neurovascular structures. This review describes outcomes after ballistic injuries to the temporal bone and offers initiatives for standardized high‐quality future research.

Data Sources

A systematic search of PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane.

Review Methods

Studies in the review included adults who experienced temporal bone fractures due to gunshot wounds and survived longer than 48 hours. Individual case reports were excluded. The various searches returned 139 results, of which 6 met inclusion criteria.

Results

Most of the included studies are case series with low‐level evidence that report a wide range of outcomes and follow‐up. Outcomes include demographic patient information, audiologic outcomes, vascular injuries, intracranial complications, facial nerve function, and surgical indications.

Conclusion

This review is the first to characterize the nature and progression of patients who experienced gunshot wounds to the temporal bone. Although all patients share an etiology of injury, they often have vastly different hospital courses and outcomes. This review provides a basis for future studies to guide care for these injuries, as most of the existing literature includes small dated case series.
Quantification and Comparison of Droplet Formation During Endoscopic and Microscopic Ear Surgery: A Cadaveric Model
Authors: Anschuetz Lukas , Yacoub Abraam , Buetzer Tobias , Fernandez Ignacio J. , Wimmer Wilhelm , Caversaccio Marco
Published: November 2020

Objectives

The COVID‐19 pandemic and the disproportional spread of the disease among otorhinolaryngologists raised concerns regarding the safety of health care staff. Therefore, a quantitative risk assessment for otologic surgery would be desirable. This study aims to quantitatively compare the risk of perioperative droplet formation between microscopic and endoscopic approaches.

Study Design

Experimental research.

Setting

Temporal bone laboratory.

Methods

The middle ear of whole head specimens was injected with fluorescein (0.2 mg/10 mL) before endoscopic and microscopic epitympanectomy and mastoidectomy. Fluorescent droplet deposition on the surgical table was recorded under ultraviolet light, quantified, and compared among the interventions. Drilling time, droplet proportion, fluorescein intensity, and droplet size were assessed for every procedure.

Results

A total of 12 procedures were performed: 4 endoscopic epitympanectomies, 4 microscopic epitympanectomies, and 4 mastoidectomies. The mean (SD) proportion of fluorescein droplets was 0.14‰ (0.10‰) for endoscopic epitympanectomy and 0.64‰ (0.31‰) for microscopic epitympanectomy. During mastoidectomy, the deposition of droplets was 8.77‰ (6.71‰). Statistical comparison based on a mixed effects model revealed a significant increase (0.50‰) in droplet deposition during microscopic epitympanectomy as compared with endoscopic epitympanectomy (95% CI, 0.16‰ to 0.84‰).

Conclusions

There is considerable droplet generation during otologic surgery, and this represents a risk for the spread of airborne infectious diseases. The endoscopic technique offers the lowest risk of droplet formation as compared with microscopic approaches, with a significant 4.5‐fold reduction of droplets between endoscopic and microscopic epitympanectomy and a 62‐fold reduction between endoscopic epitympanectomy and cortical mastoidectomy.
Impact of miniaturized cardiopulmonary bypass circuits on ultrafiltration during congenital heart surgery
Authors: Wu Keye , Meng Baoying , Wang Yuanxiang , Zhou Xing , Zhang Sheshe , Ding Yiqun
Published: November 2020

Objective:

To investigate whether the miniaturized cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) system decreased the usage of ultrafiltration (UF), and to explore whether the non-UF with miniaturized CPB strategy could get good clinical results during congenital heart surgery.

Methods:

We performed a retrospective analysis of all patients undergoing congenital heart surgery with CPB at Shenzhen Children’s Hospital from 1 May 2015 to 30 September 2019. We classified patients to UF with miniaturized CPB group, non-UF with miniaturized CPB group, UF with conventional CPB group and non-UF with conventional CPB group.

Results:

Of the 2145 patients, 721 (33.6%) were in the conventional CPB group, and 1424 (66.4%) were in the miniaturized CPB group. The UF rate was significantly lower in the miniaturized CPB group compared with that in the conventional CPB group (12.5% vs. 76.8%, p < 0.001). Compared with patients in the other groups, patients in the non-UF with miniaturized CPB group had a shorter postoperative MV time (p < 0.05), and a shorter length of stay in the ICU (p < 0.001) and hospital (p < 0.001). The age of children in the UF with miniaturized CPB group was relatively younger (median: 1.5 months, IQR: 0.3-4.6 months), and the preoperative weight was relatively lower (median: 3.9 kg, IQR: 3.2-5.4 kg). Moreover, this group of children had a relatively longer postoperative MV time and length of stay in the ICU and hospital.

Conclusion:

The miniaturized CPB system could decrease the usage of UF. Good results were achieved in children who did not use UF based on the miniaturized CPB circuit system during congenital heart surgery.
Noncompleted Sexual Offenses: Internal States, Risks and Difficulties Related to Crime Commission through the Lens of Sexual Offenders
Authors: Leclerc Benoit , Wortley Richard , Reynald Danielle , Cook Alana , Cale Jesse
Published: November 2020

The study aims to generate insights from sexual offenders on the influence of internal states and how they perceive risks of apprehension and difficulties in the context of noncompleted sexual offenses, that is when offenders initiated the offense but were stopped or discouraged either before or during sexual contact. Adult males incarcerated for sexually offending completed a self-report questionnaire. Regression models, including interaction effects, were estimated. Two interaction effects were found providing insights into which and how internal states, such as intoxication to alcohol, may influence perceived difficulties related to crime. Future research should promote the investigation of noncompleted sexual offenses, which could provide a real opportunity to generate new or complementary insights for better understanding and guiding prevention initiatives.
When Can a Disability Quota System Empower Disabled Individuals in the Workplace? The Case of France
Authors: Richard Sarah , Hennekam Sophie
Published: November 2020

This study uses an empowerment theory perspective to examine how a disability quota system affects the decision to disclose one’s disability at work. The study reports on 39 life story interviews with disabled individuals who recently entered or were seeking to enter the labour market in France. The study shows that when considering the disclosure decision, disabled workers reflect on personal attributes, such as their educational level, the visibility of their disability and whether they need workplace adaptations; on the organisational environment, such as the organisation’s commitment to diversity; and on the legal context (underpinned by the biopsychosocial model), in this case, the quota system. These reflections determine whether the disabled workers perceive their disability status as a valuable attribute and whether legal disclosure can be empowering. This study proposes a nuanced perspective by highlighting both the system’s potential for empowerment and for propagating inequality among disabled workers.
Technology Acceptance Model 3 in Understanding Employee’s Cloud Computing Technology
Authors: Tırpan Esra Cengiz , Bakırtaş Hülya
Published: November 2020

The aim of this study is to investigate the factors affecting cloud computing technology application by using technology acceptance model 3 (TAM3). The conceptual model was empirically analysed. While the experience of employees has no moderating effect on the relationship between subjective norm and perceived usefulness, the effect of perceived ease of use on perceived usefulness is moderated by experience. In other words, the higher the experience, the higher the effect of perceived ease of use on perceived usefulness. In addition, perceived ease of use, in terms of the perceived enjoyment and playfulness variables, has a mediating effect. Perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use in cloud computing have positive effect on behavioral intention. Research on cloud computing and technology acceptance model has overlooked the mediating and moderating effect of variables in TAM3, on which very little work has been done.
Water Insufficiency, Health Hazards and Rainwater Harvesting in North 24 Parganas, West Bengal, India: Results of a Socio-economic Survey
Authors: Biswas Satabdi , Debsarkar Anupam , Pal Manoranjan
Published: November 2020

Rural households suffer from various health hazards due to unsafe water. Rooftop rainwater harvesting (RRH) has been recommended by various experts as a safer alternative to contaminated ground and surface water. The rural households, however, for various reasons, may not be willing to adopt RRH. The present study was based on primary data collected from 923 rural households in 4 blocks of North 24 Parganas district, West Bengal, India to identify the socio-demographic factors influencing the occurrence of health hazards and willingness to adopt RRH (WRRH). The study was focused on how health hazards and WRRH were related to water insufficiency, water awareness, poverty level and other socio-demographic variables. RRH not only depends on its feasibility but also on the willingness of the household to install it. A set of indices, namely health hazard index (HHI), water insufficiency index (WII), water awareness action index (WAAI), willingness to adopt RRH index (WRRHI) and Poverty Level Index (PLI) were developed from the relevant indicators. A binary logistic regression of HHI and WRRH was carried out on these indices along with some other socio-demographic variables. Most of these indices were found to have a significant effect on HHI. WRRH, however, was not found to depend on these indices, rather on religious belief and awareness of the adverse effects of arsenic poisoning in the village. The study also highlights the significance of undertaking awareness programmes on the consequences of using unsafe water by the government and non-governmental organisations.
Distal Metatarsal Segmental Shortening for the Treatment of Chronic Metatarsophalangeal Dislocation of Lesser Toes
Authors: Yang Tzu-Cheng , Tzeng Yun-Hsuan , Wang Chien-Shun , Chang Ming-Chau , Chiang Chao-Ching
Published: November 2020

Background:

This retrospective study aimed to describe the techniques and results of distal metatarsal segmental shortening (DMSS) for the treatment of chronic irreducible metatarsophalangeal (MTP) dislocation of lesser toes.

Methods:

We retrospectively reviewed patients who underwent DMSS for chronic dislocation of MTP joints of lesser toes between January 2010 and December 2017 with follow-up of at least 24 months. Demographic data, radiographic measurements, functional outcomes, and complications were analyzed. Furthermore, the results of patients with short segment of shortening (group I, <10 mm) were compared to those with long segment of shortening (group II, ≥10 mm). A total of 43 MTP joints of 30 patients with an average age of 70.4 years were included.

Results:

Union was observed in 42 metatarsals (97.7%). Mean American Orthopaedic Foot & Ankle Society scale scores improved significantly from 42.2 (range, 15-65) preoperatively to 79.1 (range, 52-90) ( P < .001). Mean visual analog scale pain score improved significantly from 5.0 (range, 1-9) preoperatively to 1.8 (range, 0-6) ( P < .001). Complications included 1 nonunion, 1 osteonecrosis, 3 metatarsal angulation, 4 recurrent instability, 4 symptomatic osteoarthritis, 3 transfer metatarsalgia, and 1 floating toe. Group I included 23 MTP joints and group II included 20 MTP joints. There was no significant difference in clinical outcomes and complications between the 2 groups.

Conclusion:

DMSS was a reliable procedure for the treatment of chronic irreducible dislocated MTP joint of lesser toes. It provided satisfactory surgical outcomes and a low rate of postoperative complications, regardless of length of metatarsal shortening.

Level of Evidence:

Level III, retrospective comparative study.
Comparison of continuous versus intermittent infusion cyclosporine and impact on transplant related outcomes in allogeneic transplant recipients
Authors: Engle Jeff A , Wasko Justin A , Rogosheske John , Defor Todd E , Rashidi Armin
Published: November 2020

Introduction

Continuous infusion (CIVI) cyclosporine (CsA) is an alternative for allograft recipients intolerant of twice daily infusions (TDI). The importance of achieving therapeutic levels of CsA early after allogeneic HCT has been demonstrated in previous studies. Our study evaluated the incidence of acute graft versus host disease (GVHD) and survival among patients receiving CIVI vs. TDI CsA during their first allogeneic HCT.

Methods

A retrospective study of adult patients undergoing first allogeneic HCT at the University of Minnesota Medical Center between 2011 and 2017. Patients were grouped according to the administration method. The primary outcome was the occurrence of acute grade II-IV GVHD by day +180. Secondary outcomes included the 1-year incidence of chronic GVHD, relapse, and overall survival.

Results

42 patients intolerant of TDI CsA received CsA via CIVI for >48 hours for a median of 9 days (range, 3–32 days). CsA concentrations were similar between groups. We found no difference between the rates of grade II–IV acute (45% vs 53%, p = 0.59) or chronic (17% vs 30%, p = 0.20) GVHD or overall survival (57% vs 67%, p = 0.10). Subgroup analysis of patients that received myeloablative conditioning or umbilical cord blood did not reveal significant differences in GVHD or overall survival. Cumulative incidence of relapse was higher among the continuous infusion group (39% vs. 23%, p < 0.01).

Conclusion

Due to the finding of increased risk of relapse, cyclosporine should be administered as traditional twice daily infusion unless necessary. A prospective clinical trial is needed to confirm these results.
A Systematic Review of Physical Health Consequences and Acculturation Stress Among Latinx Individuals in the United States
Authors: Gonzalez-Guarda Rosa M. , Stafford Allison M. , Nagy Gabriela A. , Befus Deanna R. , Conklin Jamie L.
Published: November 2020

The health of Latinx immigrants decays over time and across generations. Acculturation stress influences decays in behavioral and mental health in this population, but the effect on physical health outcomes is less understood. This systematic review synthesizes findings from 22 studies that examined the influence of acculturation stress on physical health outcomes among Latinx populations in the United States. The Society-to-Cell Resilience Framework was used to synthesize findings according to individual, physiological, and cellular levels. There is mounting evidence identifying acculturation stress as an important social contributor to negative physical health outcomes, especially at the individual level. More research is needed to identify the physiological and cellular mechanisms involved. Interventions are also needed to address the damaging effects of acculturation stress on a variety of physical health conditions in this population.
Uncertainty and tourism in Africa
Authors: Chisadza Carolyn , Clance Matthew , Gupta Rangan , Wanke Peter
Published: November 2020

Tourism growth is on the rise in Africa, and yet limited empirical evidence exists that explores the factors that drive this important contributor of economic growth on the continent. Previous literature focuses mainly on developed countries. This study weighs in on the recent debate on African tourism by providing evidence on the role that economic uncertainties have on tourist arrivals. Using panel data from 1996 to 2017, we find that economic uncertainties reduce tourist arrivals in Africa in comparison to other global regions, such as Europe. Further disaggregation by African regions reveals that economic uncertainties in West and North African regions drive these adverse results. These regions have been the hardest hit by political instability and social unrest during the period under review, which may have acted as a deterrent to tourists.
Modal Identification of damped vibrating systems by iterative smooth orthogonal decomposition method
Authors: Hu Zhixaing , Li Jun , Zhi Lunhai , Huang Xiao
Published: November 2020

The smooth orthogonal decomposition method (SOD) is an efficient algorithm that can be used to extract modal matrix and frequencies of lightly damped vibrating systems. It uses the covariance matrices of output-only displacement and velocity responses to form a generalized eigenvalues problem (EVP). The mode shape vectors are estimated by the eigenvectors of the EVP. It is stated in this work that the accuracy of the SOD method is mainly affected by the correlation characteristic of modal coordinate responses. For the damped vibration systems, biases will be contained in the results of using the SOD. Therefore, an iterative smooth orthogonal decomposition (ISOD) method is proposed to identify modal parameters of the damped system from the covariance matrices of the displacement, velocity, and acceleration responses. The modal matrix given by the SOD method is updated in each iteration step using a transformation matrix. The transformation matrix can be efficiently computed using a set of analytical formulations. Meanwhile, natural frequencies and damping ratios are obtained by using a simple search method. The performance of the proposed ISOD method is verified by numerical and experimental studies. The results demonstrate that, by considering the correlation of modal responses, the ISOD method can be used to extract accurately the modal information of vibration systems with coupled modes.
MiR-9-5p Inhibits the Proliferation, Migration and Invasion of Choroidal Melanoma by Targeting BRAF
Authors: Ying Manman , Feng Hao , Zhang Xiaonan , Liu Ran , Ning Hong
Published: November 2020

Objective:

According to different reports, miR-9-5p either facilitates or suppresses the occurrence of tumors. BRAF is a serine/threonine kinase involved in the MAPK pathway and is a proto-oncogene promoting the progression of many tumors, especially melanoma. The present study aimed to reveal the mechanism of action of miR-9-5p and BRAF in choroidal melanoma (CM).

Methods:

RT-qPCR was used to detect the expression of miR-9-5p in CM cells after transfection with miR-9-5p mimics and inhibitor. EdU assay and Transwell assay, respectively, showed the proliferation, migration and invasion of CM cells after transfection with miR-9-5p mimics and inhibitor. A bioinformatics website was used for target prediction and the dual luciferase reporter assay was used to verify the interaction between miR-9-5p and BRAF. RT-qPCR and Western blot were performed to examine the expression of BRAF mRNA and protein, respectively. The BRAF protein was knocked down by siRNAs and then examined by Western blot. The effects of BRAF in CM cells were investigated by EdU assay and Transwell assay. Overexpressing BRAF and transfecting miR-9-5p mimics into choroidal melanoma cells confirmed the interaction between miR-9-5p and BRAF.

Results:

miR-9-5p could bind to the BRAF mRNA 3’UTR and inhibit the transcription and translation of BRAF, thereby suppressing the proliferation, migration and invasion of CM cell lines. Moreover, silencing BRAF inhibited the progression of CM cells.

Conclusions:

In conclusion, this study is the first to investigate the association among BRAF, miR-9-5p and the progression of CM cells. In addition, the interaction between BRAF and miR-9-5p was explored for the first time in CM. Thus, our study suggests that miR-9-5p, BRAF and their interaction may act as potential therapeutic targets for CM.
Moderate Hypothermia Effectively Alleviates Acetaminophen-Induced Liver Injury With Prolonged Action Beyond Cooling
Authors: Tan Yeong Lan , Tey Siew Min , Ho Han Kiat
Published: November 2020

Acetaminophen (APAP) overdose accounts for the highest incidence of acute liver failure, despite the availability of an antidote i.e. N-acetylcysteine. This calls for alternative strategies to manage APAP-induced liver injury (AILI). Therapeutic hypothermia has been explored in past studies for hepatoprotection, but these phenomenal reports lack clarification of its optimal window for application, and mechanistic effects in specific AILI. Hence, we conducted an in vitro study with transforming growth factor-α transgenic mouse hepatocytes cell line, TAMH, and human liver hepatocytes cell line, L-02, where cells were conditioned with deep (25°C) or moderate (32°C) hypothermia before, during or after APAP toxicity. Cell viability was evaluated as a hallmark of cytoprotection, along with cell death. Simultaneously, cold shock proteins (CSPs) and heat shock proteins expressions were monitored; key liver functions including drug-metabolizing ability and hepatic clearance were also investigated. Herein, we demonstrated significant hepatoprotection with 24-hour moderate hypothermic conditioning during AILI and this effect sustained for at least 24 hours of rewarming. Such liver preservation was associated with a CSP—RNA-binding motif protein 3 (RBM3) as its knockdown promptly abolished the cytoprotective effects of hypothermia. With mild and reversible liver perturbations, hypothermic therapy appears promising and its RBM3 involvement deserves future exploration.
Structuring a Team-Based Approach to Coding Qualitative Data
Authors: Giesen Lindsay , Roeser Allison
Published: November 2020

Improvements to qualitative data analysis software (QDAS) have both facilitated and complicated the qualitative research process. This technology allows us to work with a greater volume of data than ever before, but the increased volume of data frequently requires a large team to process and code. This paper presents insights on how to successfully structure and manage a team of staff in coding qualitative data. We draw on our experience in team-based coding of 154 interview transcripts for a study of school meal programs. The team consisted of four coders, three senior reviewers, and a lead analyst and external qualitative methodologist who shepherded the coding process together. Lessons learned from this study include: 1) establish a strong and supportive management structure; 2) build skills gradually by breaking training and coding into “bite-sized” pieces; and 3) develop detailed reference materials to guide your coding team.
Factors contributing to antihypertensive medication adherence among adults with intellectual and developmental disability
Authors: Resciniti Nicholas V , Hong Yuan , McDermott Suzanne
Published: November 2020

Adults with intellectual or developmental disabilities often have hypertension and mental illness, and are prescribed medications for treatment. This study examined psychotropic medication adherence as a mediator between the association of residence type and antihypertensive medication adherence for adults with intellectual or developmental disabilities. We used Medicaid data of adults with intellectual or developmental disabilities who had hypertension and prescribed antihypertensive medication (N = 1,201) to measure the direct effect, indirect effect, and total effect of residence type (home vs. supervised setting) and antihypertensive medication adherence, with a mediator of psychotropic medication adherence. The indirect effect of psychotropic medication adherence on antihypertensive medication adherence was 1.26 (OR = 1.26, CI: 1.08–1.52), holding residency constant. The direct effect of residential type on antihypertensive medication adherence was 3.75 (OR = 3.75, CI: 1.61–8.75). This association may be due to some features of having a mental illness or maybe the result of being prescribed more than one medication.
Creation of an Online Interprofessional Education Module for Executive Public Health Students
Authors: Gaydos Laura M. , Alperin Melissa , Leon Juan S.
Published: November 2020

Responding to the 2016 Council on Education for Public Health foundational competency requirement that students demonstrate the ability to “perform effectively in interprofessional teams,” the distance-based executive master’s program at Emory University developed an innovative interprofessional education (IPE) experience for geographically dispersed mid-career professionals. Because executive students are mid-career professionals from a variety of disciplines, they participated in this experience representing their professional roles and titles. IPE student groups represented at least three distinct disciplines. The executive program created a four-part online experience consisting of (1) a self-paced didactic module, (2) a synchronous case study group discussion, (3) small (three to five students) group development of a video solution to the case study, and (4) peer review of other groups’ case study solutions. The first-year pilot program was evaluated via standard online course evaluations and a separate evaluation survey sent immediately after completion of the complete experience. Of those responding to the standard course evaluation, 61.1% reported that they learned a great deal in the course and, of those responding to the immediate evaluation survey, 87.5% reported being very satisfied or satisfied with the experience. During the second iteration of the program, an additional survey, the Nebraska Inter-Professional Education Attitudes Survey identified improvement on 9 out of 19 attitudes toward interprofessional education. Overall, this IPE experience offered a unique way to employ the strengths of executive students and provide a meaningful IPE encounter for students in geographically diverse locations.
Retinal Manifestations of Incontinentia Pigmenti: A Case Series of 14 Patients Highlighting the Importance of Intravenous Fluorescein Angiography and the Benefits of Early Laser Photocoagulation
Authors: Bryan Jaimie , Issa Reda , Bakall Benjamin , Welch Matthew , Bryan J. Shepard
Published: November 2020

Purpose:

This case series describes the nature and frequency of retinal manifestations in patients with incontinentia pigmenti (IP).

Methods:

This is a retrospective single-center case series of all known patients with IP who presented to Associated Retina Consultants (Phoenix, AZ) between May 2016 and April 2019. Twenty-eight eyes of 14 patients with a dermatologic diagnosis of IP were included (n = 28). Most patients underwent examination under anesthesia with fundus photographs and intravenous fluorescein angiography (IVFA).

Results:

Of the 28 eyes, 8 (28.6%) had abnormal retinal findings on fundus examination. Of the 26 eyes that had IVFA, 10 (38.5%) had abnormal findings: Seven eyes (26.9%) had peripheral ischemia, 2 (7.7%) had previous peripheral laser scarring, and 2 (7.7%) had active peripheral neovascularization. Three eyes with normal examination results were found to have mild ischemia by IVFA. Patients with ischemia confirmed by IVFA were treated with laser photocoagulation. During follow-up, 4 previously treated eyes received additional laser photocoagulation. No patients showed vision loss, vitreous hemorrhage, retinal detachment, or adverse effects of treatment. No patients required vitreoretinal surgery.

Conclusions:

IP is a potentially blinding disease. Our case series demonstrates the efficacy of early treatment and the importance of ancillary testing with IVFA and fundus photography.