bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Political Bodies and a Touch of Pain
Authors: Sheedy Matt
Published: April 2013

An interview with Darlene Juschka (cross-appointed Professor of Women's and Gender Studies and Religious Studies at the University of Regina), focusing on her 2009 book Political Bodies/Body Politics: The Semiotics of Gender (Equinox Publishing). The conversation ranged from a look at some of the key influences upon her theoretical development to her work on the construction of gender/sex in the Eurowest and its deployment through myth, ritual and sign-symbol, along with applications of this theory to religious studies and her more recent work on the concept of pain.
A Comparison of Methods for Evaluating the Suppressive Ability of Winter Wheat Cultivars against Italian Ryegrass (Lolium perenne)
Authors: Worthington Margaret L. , Reberg-Horton S. Chris , Jordan David , Murphy J. Paul
Published: April 2013

Infestations of Italian ryegrass are problematic in both conventional and organic wheat production systems. The development of wheat cultivars with superior competitive ability against Italian ryegrass could play a role in maintaining acceptable yields and suppressing weed populations. Research was conducted in North Carolina to identify indirect methods of selection for Italian ryegrass suppressive ability (hereafter referred to as weed suppressive ability) of winter wheat cultivars that correlate well with Italian ryegrass-to-wheat biomass ratios. Two winter wheat cultivars (Dyna-Gro Baldwin and Dyna-Gro Dominion) and one experimental wheat line (NC05-19684) with differing morphological traits were overseeded with varying densities of Italian ryegrass. Wheat height measured throughout the growing season in weed-free plots was strongly associated with weed suppressive ability, but high wheat tillering capacity had no significant effect on weed suppressive ability in the lines tested in this study. Italian ryegrass seed head density during grain fill was strongly correlated (r= 0.94) with Italian ryegrass-to-wheat biomass ratio, the generally accepted measure of weed suppressive ability. Visual estimates of percent Italian ryegrass biomass relative to the plot with the highest level of Italian ryegrass infestation in each replicate were also strongly correlated with weed suppressive ability at all growth stages, especially during heading (r= 0.87) (Zadoks growth stage [GS] 55). Measurements from nonimaging spectrophotometers and overhead photographs taken from tillering (Zadoks 23 to 25) to early dough development (Zadoks 80) were unreliable estimates of end-of-season Italian ryegrass-to-wheat biomass ratios because they failed to account for wheat cultivar differences in biomass, color, and growth habit. Italian ryegrass seed head density and visual estimates of Italian ryegrass biomass during grain fill are appropriate indirect methods of selection for weed suppressive ability in breeding programs.
Sorption of Simazine andS-Metolachlor to Soils from a Chronosequence of Turfgrass Systems
Authors: Gannon Travis W. , Hixson Adam C. , Weber Jerome B. , Shi Wei , Yelverton Fred H. , Rufty Thomas W.
Published: April 2013

Pesticide sorption by soil is among the most sensitive input parameters in many pesticide-leaching models. For many pesticides, organic matter is the most important soil constituent influencing pesticide sorption. Increased fertility, irrigation, and mowing associated with highly maintained turfgrass areas result in constant deposition of organic material, creating a soil system that can change drastically with time. Changes in soil characteristics could affect the environmental fate of pesticides applied to turfgrass systems of varying ages. Sorption characteristics of simazine andS-metolachlor were determined on five soils from bermudagrass systems of increasing ages (1, 4, 10, 21, and 99 yr) and compared to adjacent native pine and bare-ground areas. Surface soil (0 to 5 cm) and subsurface soil (5 to 15 cm) from all sites were air-dried and passed through a 4-mm sieve for separation from plant material. Using a batch-equilibrium method, sorption isotherms were determined for each soil. Data were fit to the Freundlich equation, andKd(soil sorption coefficient) andKoc(organic carbon sorption coefficient) values were determined. Sorption and soil system age were directly related to organic matter content in the soil. Sorption of both herbicides increased with age of the soil system and was greatest on the surface soil from the oldest bermudagrass soil system. Herbicide sorption decreased at greater soil depths with lower organic matter. Greater amount of14C–simazine sorbed to subsurface soil of the oldest turfgrass system compared to14C–S-metolachlor. Results indicate that as bermudagrass systems age and accumulate higher organic matter levels increased herbicide sorption may decrease the leaching potential and bioavailability of simazine andS-metolachlor.
Absorption, Translocation, and Metabolism of Aminocyclopyrachlor in Tall Fescue (Lolium arundinaceum)
Authors: Lewis Dustin F. , Roten Rory L. , Everman Wesley J. , Gannon Travis W. , Richardson Robert J. , Yelverton Fred H.
Published: April 2013

Synthetic auxin herbicides are commonly used in forage, pasture, range, and turfgrass settings for dicotyledonous weed control. Aminocyclopyrachlor (AMCP) is a newly developed pyrimidine carboxylic acid with a chemical structure and mode of action similar to the pyridine carboxylic acids—aminopyralid, clopyralid, and picloram. Injury to sensitive dicotyledonous plants has been observed following exposure to monocotyledonous plant material previously treated with pyridine compounds. The absorption, translocation, and metabolism of AMCP has been documented in susceptible broadleaf weeds; however, no information is available, to our knowledge, regarding AMCP fate in tolerant Poaceae, which may serve as the vector for off-target plant injury. Based on this premise, research was conducted to characterize absorption, translocation, and metabolism of AMCP in tall fescue.14C-AMCP was applied to single tiller tall fescue plant foliage under controlled laboratory conditions at North Carolina State University (Raleigh, NC). Radiation was quantified in leaf wash, treated leaf, foliage, crown, roots, and root exudates at 3, 12, 24, 48, 96, and 192 h after treatment (HAT).14C-AMCP was rapidly absorbed by tall fescue, reaching 38 and 68% at 3 and 48 HAT, respectively. Translocation of14C-AMCP was limited to the foliage, which reached maximum translocation (34%) at 96 HAT. Most of the recovered14C-AMCP remained in the leaf wash, treated leaf, or foliage, whereas minimal radiation was detected in the crown, roots, or root exudates throughout the 192-h period. No AMCP metabolism was observed in tall fescue through the 192 HAT. These data suggest AMCP applied to tall fescue can remain bioavailable, and mishandling treated plant material could result in off-target injury.
Realizing ecosystem services: wetland hydrologic function along a gradient of ecosystem condition
Authors: McLaughlin Daniel L. , Cohen Matthew J.
Published: April 2013

Wetlands provide numerous ecosystem services, from habitat provision to pollutant removal, floodwater storage, and microclimate regulation. Delivery of particular services relies on specific ecological functions, and thus to varying degree on wetland ecological condition, commonly quantified as departure from minimally impacted reference sites. Condition assessments are widely adopted as regulatory indicators of ecosystem function, and for some services (e.g., habitat) links between condition and function are often direct. For others, however, links are more tenuous, and using condition alone to enumerate ecosystem value (e.g., for compensatory mitigation) may underestimate important services. Hydrologic function affects many services cited in support of wetland protection both directly (floodwater retention, microclimate regulation) and indirectly (biogeochemical cycling, pollutant removal). We investigated links between condition and hydrologic function to test the hypothesis, embedded in regulatory assessment of wetland value, that condition predicts function. Condition was assessed using rapid and intensive approaches, including Florida's official wetland assessment tool, in 11 isolated forested wetlands in north Florida (USA) spanning a land use intensity gradient. Hydrologic function was assessed using hydrologic regime (mean, variance, and rates of change of water depth), and measurements of groundwater exchange and evapotranspiration (ET). Despite a wide range in condition, no systematic variation in hydrologic regime was observed; indeed reference sites spanned the full range of variation. In contrast, ET was affected by land use, with higher rates in intensive (agriculture and urban) landscapes in response to higher leaf area. ET determines latent heat exchange, which regulates microclimate, a valuable service in urban heat islands. Higher ET also indicates higher productivity and thus carbon cycling. Groundwater exchange regularly reversed flow direction at all sites in response to rainfall. This buffering effect on regional aquifer levels, an underappreciated service of isolated wetlands, was provided regardless of condition. Intensive landscapes may benefit most from the hydrologic services that wetlands provide because that is where certain services (floodwater storage, microclimate regulation) are realized. While the portfolio of wetland services clearly changes with disturbance, our results support a revised approach to wetland valuation that recognizes the services that accrue from sustained or enhanced functions in these “working wetlands.”
Cross‐scale interactions among bark beetles, climate change, and wind disturbances: a landscape modeling approach
Authors: Temperli Christian , Bugmann Harald , Elkin Ché
Published: April 2013

Bark beetles are a key forest disturbance agent worldwide, with their impact shaped by climate, forest susceptibility, and interactions with other disturbances such as windthrow and fire. There is ample evidence of the interactions among these factors at small spatial and temporal scales, but projecting their long‐term and landscape‐scale impacts remains a challenge.

We developed a spatially explicit model of European spruce bark beetle (Ips typographus) dynamics that incorporates beetle phenology and forest susceptibility and integrated it in a climate‐sensitive landscape model (LandClim). We first corroborated model outputs at various spatial and temporal scales and then applied the model in three case studies (in the Black Forest, Germany, and Davos, Switzerland) that cover an extended climatic gradient. We used this model and case study framework to examine the mechanisms and feedbacks that are driving short‐term and long‐term interactions among beetle disturbance, climate change, and windthrow, and how they may shift in the future.

At the current cold‐wet end of the Norway spruce (Picea abies) distribution, climate change is projected to increase temperature and drought, such that beetles become a more dominant disturbance agent. At the warm‐dry end of the spruce distribution, where, under current climate, beetle outbreaks are confined to the simultaneous occurrence of drought and windthrow, the simulated level of drought alone sufficed for triggering beetle outbreaks, such that elevated drought‐ and beetle‐induced spruce mortality would negatively feed back on beetle disturbance in the long term. This would lead to receding beetle populations due to the local extinction of Norway spruce.

These results suggest that, depending on initial environmental conditions, climate change may shift the importance of direct and indirect drivers of disturbances. These shifts may affect the sign and strength of cross‐scale disturbance interactions and may impact the cost–benefit trade‐off between beetle suppression and preventive management strategies.
Adsorption of azo dyes on polymer materials
Authors: Panic Vesna , Seslija Sanja , Nesic Aleksandra , Velickovic Sava
Published: April 2013

The use of polymeric adsorbents for the removal of azo dyes from solution has
been reviewed. Adsorption techniques are widely used to remove certain
classes of pollutants from waters, especially those which are not easily
biodegradable. The removal of azo dyes as pollutants from wastewaters of
textile, paper, printing, leather, pharmaceutical and other industries has
been addressed by the researchers. The wider use of already available
adsorbents is restricted due to their high costs which lead to investigation
and development of new materials that can be cheaper, eficient and easy
regenerated. The aim of this article is to present to the readers the
widespread investigations in recent years of synthetic and natural polymers
as adsorbents and potential replacement of conventional adsorbents. This
review presents only the data obtained using raw, hydrogel, grafted and
crosslinked forms of synthetic and nature based polymers, and the discussion
is limited to these polymer-based materials and their adsorption properties.
Microwave assisted synthesis of 2-pyridone and 2-pyridone based compounds
Authors: Mijin Dusan , Markovic Jelena , Brkovic Danijela , Marinkovic Aleksandar
Published: April 2013

2-Pyridones are important heterocyclic compounds that are widely used in
medical chemistry, and their various derivatives have significant biological
and medical applications. In this paper, the synthesis of 2-pyridones as well
as 2-pyridone based compounds such as 2-quinolones using microwave assisted
organic chemistry is reviewed. The review is divided in three parts. In the
first part, microwave synthesis of 2-pyridones according to the type of
condensation is discussed. In the second part, microwave assisted synthesis
of 2-quionolones is listed. At the end of the review several examples of
microwave synthesis of other 2-pyridone based compounds (ring fused
N-substituted 2-pyridones) are given.
Irena Grickat-Radulovic is a great Serbian lexicographer and a great lexicography teacher
Authors: Gortan-Premk Darinka
Published: April 2013

Irena Grickat-Radulovic was a great Serbian lexicographer, great lexicography
teacher, founder of modern Serbian lexicography and creator of Belgrade
school of lexicography. Her contribution to linguistic descriptive
lexicography is immense.
Semanticeskie issledovanija Ireny Grickat
Authors: Dragicevic Rajna
Published: April 2013

V rabote govoritsja o semanticeskih issledovanijah Ireny Grickat.
Klassificirujutsja glavnye motivy i temy ee issledovanij, obobscajutsja ih
rezul'taty. Takze ukazyvaetsja na znacenie 60-tyh godov proslogo veka dlja
tvorcestva Ireny Grickat, opredeljaetsja ee pozicija po otnoseniju k
dominantnym napravlenijam lingvistiki i jazykovedceskoj literatury.
One sententional model with the prepositional accusativ AS proleptic subject
Authors: Antonic Ivana
Published: April 2013

The topic of this paper is a model of two-predicate sentence in which with
the matrix predication, which makes the so-called sentential-transitive verb,
there appears accusative with the preposition ZA (for) and the complement
clause with the conjunction DA (that). On the basis of such formal structure,
it represents a sentence with two objects - one non-propositional object in
the form of the prepositional accusative - indirect type and the other
propositional object, sententially formalized. Conducted analysis showed that
this is a specific sentential model which could be viewed at several relevant
levels: at the syntactic, syntactic-semantic, semantic and pragmatic level,
because only that way one can view all its features. It turned out that the
status of complement clause was not problematic - it is a
propositional-sentential object, obligatorily postponed both to the basic
predication and to the prepositional accusative, but the prepositional
accusative, though placed in the matrix sentence, is not in the direct
correlation with its predication, so it is not its object, but has the
function of PROLEPTIC SUBJECT of the complement clause (in the periphrasis
test, the prepositional accusative is turned into nominative and is placed
inside the complement clause), and semantically it is a pseudoagent: the
bearer of the feature expressed in the predicate of the complement clause
whose referent most frequently has the feature ?alive? ?human?, but can also
be abstract. Therefore, the verbs which appear in the matrix predication are
the verbs of simple, obligatorily propositional-sentential transitivity which
in addition also belong to specific semantic classes: it is the case with the
verbs of cognition: primarily the basic verb of having knowledge znati (know)
and the verbs of acquiring knowledge saznati, doznati (get to know); the
verbs of a different degree of certainty about the factual situation: the
verb garantovati (guarantee) and the copulative-adjectival structure biti
siguran (be certain), biti ubedjen (be assured) and the verbs verovati
(believe), misliti (think); then the verb of fictitious cognition uobrazavati
(imagine); the verbs of speaking pricati (talk) and, used in that meaning,
the verbs cuti (hear), citati (read), then kazati (say), suskati ?speak
quietly? (whisper), sumnjati (doubt), nagadjati (suspect); and at the end the
verbs of fear: brinuti se ?fear? (worry), bojati se (fear), pribojavati se
(have fears), plasiti se (fear), strepeti (fear for), strahovati (be
apprehensive). Since with these verbs the complement proposition acquires
various features when it comes to factivity, this sentential model is
analyzed from that perspective, too. Finally, the paper also discusses the
frequency of negative / positive characterization of the referent of the
proleptic subject.
Tracing the origin of S-Cr. novac 'money'
Authors: Vlajic-Popovic Jasna
Published: April 2013

The paper points at the imprecision of the hitherto prevailing etymology of S-Cr. novac ?money? as an univerbization departing from the adjective nov ?new?, through an undated and undefined *novi penez /dinar. After a review of previous interpretations and the corpus of lexicographic attestations of the
noun novac, the areal distribution of its earliest Croatian and Serbian
attestations (from the 16th and 17th centuries respectively), as well as the 18th century Sln. novz ?nummus ungaricus? is taken as an indication of Hungarian source of influence. Hence the nomination impulse is found in Latin, the official language in medieval Hungary, where in some 15th century
legal documents from the Zagreb court the syntagm novorum denariorum (Gen. pl.) occurs simultaneously and synonymously with the nominalized adj. novos (Acc. pl.). The semantic borrowing into local Slavic novac /novec ?new coin (initially 1/100 of a dukat)?, evolves into ?coin of small value? and eventually, through a negative phrase nemati ni novca ?to be broke? (lit.: ?to have not a single penny?) into ?money (in general); wealth?. In both meanings it entered the vernaculars of the entire Stokavian territory (some time during the 18th century), which is reflected in folk poetry, paremiology, etc. The term novac has suppressed the previously widespread Slavic term penezi /pjenezi /pinezi and entered a co-existence with the Turcism para f. ?coin?, pare pl. ?money? which lasts into this day. Since the
nomination from the adj. nov is unique among standardly known terms for money
(cf. Buck s.v.), a precious onomasiological parallelism to this formation is
discovered in Serb. dial. novica ?a Turkish 20 gr coin?, ?a fake coin?.
On the accusative with participle: Typological and cognitive aspects
Authors: Grkovic-Major Jasmina
Published: April 2013

This paper deals with the the complements of the verbs of visual and auditory
perception in Old Church Slavonic: Accusative with participle (AP) and
clause. The two types of complements are semantically differentiated by
evidentiality: AP serves for the firsthand evidentiality and the clause for
the non-firsthand evidentiality. Since AP is attested in Old Russian, Old
Czech as well in some other old Slavonic languages, it is evident that it was
an indigenous Slavic construction. It belongs to the Indo-European syntactic
inheritance - the appositive double accusative. Since in early Indo-European
the accusative was a general adverbial case, it expressed both types of
evidentiality. With the typological drift of Indo-European and its daughter
languages toward a nominative language type, which meant the development of
syntactic transitivity, the AP was reanalyzed as an object, but only in the
cases of the firsthand evidentiality (where the subject has control over the
information). For non-firsthand evidentiality, another strategy, inherited
also from the proto-language, was used: a sentence with delimitative
connective(s). This process was finished by the end of Proto-Slavonic, as
testified by Old Church Slavonic. In the process of the further strengthening
of transitivity, which gave a prominent role to the predicate as the
centripetal core of the sentence, the other predicative center - the active
participle - had to be removed, while the passive participle was reanalyzed
as an adjective. This led to the loss of the AP in the early history of
Slavic languages and the development of hypotactic structures. It was a long
process, marked by the competition of different particles and deictic forms
which were on the way to be grammaticalized into conjunctions. It ended with
the formation of the two types of conjunctions for the two types of
evidentiality, e.g. jak - ze in Czech, da - ce in Bulgarian, kako - da in
Serbian, kak - cto in Russian etc. This shows not only the importance of
evidentiality in a diachronic perspective but also that its formalization is
based on the language type.
The basic characteristics of legal and economic terminology in the Banjska Charter
Authors: Grkovic Milica
Published: April 2013

The Banjska Charter was written at the beginning of the 14th century. It has
over 2000 lines of text, thus giving us a good picture of language in
medieval Serbia. This paper gives an overview of the legal and economic
terminology in the charter. This analysis shows that terminologies in
medieval Serbia preserved a common character and that they were mostly of
Slavic origin, with the exception of religious terminology, where terms of
foreign origin prevailed.
The qualifying role of the genitive nominal form with od
Authors: Ivic Milka
Published: April 2013

The authoress analyses different forms and meanings of the genitive nominal
form with od in situations when it performs a qualifying role, and calls
attention to some urgent problems which is necessary to solve as soon as
possible.
Vytrenica - demon creature from the Slavic myths in "Skazanije o pismeneh" by Konstantin Philosopher (Konstantin Kostenecki)
Authors: Jovanovic Gordana
Published: April 2013

In the work of Konstantin Philosopher (Konstantin Kostenecki) named Skazanije
o pismeneh appears the word vytrenica. This word is related to the word
vetar (?wind?) which is, according to the myths of Slavic peoples, inhabeted
by the souls of dead people and demons. Evil winds are the source of many
hard diseases such as epilepsy, mental derangement, rabies. vytrenica is a
witch, a demon which predicts some unfortunate events. It appeared in
Belgrade after the death of Despot Stefan, announcing to its citizens the
fall of the town and misfortune. Fortunately, predictions did not come true.
Jazykovye osobennosti rukopisnogo Zakonnika pervoj poloviny XVI veka
Authors: Nedeljkovic Jasmina
Published: April 2013

Rukopisnaja kniga ?Zakonnik? sozdavalas', soglasno vodjanym znakam, v period
s 1525 do 1535 goda. Ee napisal (kako ukazano v special'noj zapisi) ieromonah
Gennadij dlja manastyrja Blagovescenie. Narodnyj jazyk ieromonaha Gennadija,
soglasno rjadu foneticeskih i morfologiceskih priznakov, prinadlezit
sovremennomu prizrensko-juzno-moravskomu poddialektu.
Romanskoe vlijanie na staroserbskij sintaksis
Authors: Pavlovic Slobodan
Published: April 2013

V nastojascej rabote rassmatrivajutsja kontekstual'nye aspekty vlijanija
romanskogo substrata i adstrata na staroserbskij sintaksis. Na sintaksis
staroserbskogo razgovornogo jazyka mogli vlijat' vlasskie, dalmatinskie i
ital'janskie dialekty. Na sintaksis staroserbskoj pis'mennosti (krome
serbsko-slavjanskogo jazyka i romanskogo substrata) okazali vlijanie
latinskij i ital'janskij jazyki, poskol'ku na territorii rasprostranenija
serbskogo jazyka peresekalis' dve velikie kul'tury: Pax Slavia Orthodoxa i
Pax Romana Catholica. Sintaksiceskoe vlijanie latinskogo i ital'janskogo
jazykov na staro-serbskuju pis'mennost' osuscestvljalos' prezde vsego cerez
zapadnye obrazcy delovoj perepiski.
O sloznyh predlozenijah s pridatocnymi mesta ili napravlenija v Serbskom jazyke
Authors: Piper Predrag
Published: April 2013

V nastojascej stat'e rassmatrivajutsja sloznye predlozenija s pridatocnymi
mesta ili napravlenija v sovremennom serbskom literaturnom jazyke. V pervoj
cast'i stat'i analizirujutsja mehanizmy vyrazenija znacenija mesta ili
napravlenija formoj sloznopodcinennogo predlozenija, v osnovu kotoryh
zalozena lokalizacija odnih situativnyh struktur po otnoseniju k drugim, a
takze rassmatrivajutsja pervicnye i vtoricnye sintaksiceskie funkcii
pridatocnoj casti v takih sloznopodcinennyh predlozenijah. Vo vtoroj casti
stat'i osoboe vnimanie udeljaetsja formam i funcijam korreljativov i porjadku
slov v pridatocnyh predlozenijah mesta ili napravlenija. V celom issledovanie
pokazyvaet, cto, nesmotrja na otnositel'no skromnoe mesto, kotoroe v naucnoj
literature polucili sloznye predlozenija s pridatocnymi mesta ili
napravlenija v serbskom jazyke, takie predlozenija otlicajutsja bol'sim
formal'nym, semanticeskim i funkcional'nym raznoobraziem.
On morphosyntactic and semantic conditions of conjuction syntactic transformations - gde, kako, da
Authors: Stanojcic Zivojin
Published: April 2013

Author is discussing the ways in which semantic transformations of three
Serbian dependent clause conjunctions (gde, kako, kad) occur. The main
author?s idea is that the morpho-syntactic structure has a significant role
in conditions that make possible the use of these three conjunctions with the
same syntactic value.
Perevody Svjascennogo Pisanija na Belorusskij jazyk
Authors: Carota Ivan
Published: April 2013

V stat'e daetsja obzor istorii perevoda Svjascennogo Pisanija na istoriceskoj
territorii Belarusi, provoditsja obscij analiz vypolnennyh v HH veke
sobstvenno belorusskojazycnyh perevodov, osvescaetsja dejatel'nost'
Belorusskoj Biblejskoj Komissii, kotoraja vot uze bolee dvuh desjatiletij
perevodit Novyj Zavet i bogosluzebnye teksty na sovremennyj belorusskij
jazyk, oboznacajutsja raznogo roda problemy, s etim svjazannye.
Kratkij obzor pervyh serbskih bukvarej
Authors: Cigoja Brankica
Published: April 2013

V nastojascej rabote avtor rassmatrivaet razvitie navykov pis'mennosti v
sledujuscie periody: v period upotreblenija serbsko-slavjanskogo i narodnogo
jazyka, v period russko-slavjanskogo i narodnoga jazyka, v period
slavjano-serbskogo i narodnogo jazyka do serediny XIX veka cerez prizmu
jazyka i pis'mo pervyh serbskih bukvarej (v osnovnom napecatannyh, a takze
rukopisnyh).
PD-1, but Not PD-L1, Expressed by Islet-Reactive CD4+ T Cells Suppresses Infiltration of the Pancreas During Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: Pauken Kristen E. , Jenkins Marc K. , Azuma Miyuki , Fife Brian T.
Published: April 2013

The inhibitory receptor programmed death-1 (PD-1) constrains type 1 diabetes (T1D) in the nonobese diabetic (NOD) mouse. However, how PD-1 influences diabetogenic CD4+ T cells during natural diabetes is not fully understood. To address this question, we developed a novel model to investigate antigen-specific CD4+ T cells under physiological conditions in vivo. We transferred a low number of naïve CD4+ T cells from the BDC2.5 mouse into prediabetic NOD mice to mimic a physiological precursor frequency and allowed the cells to become primed by endogenous autoantigen. Transferred BDC2.5 T cells became activated, differentiated into T-bet+ IFN-γ–producing cells, and infiltrated the pancreas. In this model, loss of PD-1, but not programmed death ligand-1 (PD-L1), on the antigen-specific CD4+ T cell resulted in increased cell numbers in the spleen, pancreas-draining lymph node, and pancreas. PD-1 deficiency also increased expression of the chemokine receptor CXCR3. Lastly, histological data showed that a loss of PD-1 caused BDC2.5 cells to penetrate deep into the islet core, resulting in conversion from peri-insulitis to destructive insulitis. These data support a model by which PD-1 regulates islet-reactive CD4+ T cells in a cell intrinsic manner by suppressing proliferation, inhibiting infiltration of the pancreas, and limiting diabetes.
Epidemiological evaluation of cystine urolithiasis in domestic ferrets (Mustela putorius furo): 70 cases (1992–2009)
Authors: Nwaokorie Eugene E. , Osborne Carl A. , Lulich Jody P. , Albasan Hasan
Published: April 2013

Objective—To determine the prevalence of cystine uroliths in domestic ferrets with urolithiasis and determine whether age, breed, sex, reproductive status, anatomic location, and season are risk factors associated with cystine urolith formation.

Design—Retrospective cross-sectional case-control study.

Sample—Records of 435 ferrets (Mustela putorius furo) with uroliths submitted for analyses between 1992 and 2009, of which 70 were cystine uroliths.

Procedures—Specific descriptive information was obtained about each ferret to determine whether specific risk factors were associated with the development of cystine uroliths.

Results—Cystine uroliths comprised 70 of the 435 (16%) uroliths. Cystine uroliths were more common in male (n = 54) than in female (16) ferrets. All cystine uroliths were retrieved from the lower portion of the urinary tract (bladder and urethra [n = 67]) or were voided (3); none of the uroliths were retrieved from the upper portion of the urinary tract (kidney and ureters).

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Awareness of the prevalence of cystine uroliths along with knowledge of etiologic, demographic, and environmental risk and protective factors for urolithiasis may facilitate development of surveillance strategies that result in earlier detection of cystinuria. Genetic factors associated with this disease have not yet been reported in ferrets, but a familial pattern of inheritance determined to be a major underlying factor in cystine urolithiasis in dogs and humans suggests that this may be a factor in ferrets and that the parent stock of ferrets in the present study may have been inbred.
Lymphoma in cats treated with a weekly cyclophosphamide-, vincristine-, and prednisone-based protocol: 114 cases (1998–2008)
Authors: Waite Angharad H. K. , Jackson Karen , Gregor Thomas P. , Krick Erika L.
Published: April 2013

Objective—To evaluate the clinical response rate, progression-free survival time, overall survival time, and possible prognostic factors associated with a cyclophosphamide-, vincristine-, and prednisone (COP)-based chemotherapy protocol in cats with lymphoma.

Design—Retrospective case series.

Animals—114 cats with lymphoma.

Procedures—Medical records of cats receiving a weekly COP-based chemotherapy protocol from 1998 to 2008 at the Matthew J. Ryan Veterinary Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania were evaluated for information regarding signalment, anatomic site of involvement, cell morphology, treatment, and outcome. Retroviral status, baseline weight, substage, anatomic location, dose delays, dose reductions, and response to treatment were evaluated for prognostic importance.

Results—The majority of cases (94 [82.4%]) were substage b, and the most common anatomic site was the gastrointestinal tract (57 [50%]). Clinical response rate after the first chemotherapy cycle was 47.4%. Response to treatment was significantly associated with progression-free survival time and overall survival time, whereas substage was significantly associated with progression-free survival time. The median progression-free survival time and overall survival time were 65.5 and 108 days, respectively. Compared with nonresponders, responders had significantly longer median progression-free survival time (364 vs 31 days) and median overall survival time (591 vs 73 days).

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Clinical response after 1 cycle of COP-based chemotherapy was predictive for progression-free survival time and overall survival time in cats with lymphoma; therefore, response after 1 cycle of chemotherapy could be used to guide decisions about further treatment. No new prognostic factors were identified.
Diagnosis and treatment of proventricular nematodiasis in an umbrella cockatoo (Cacatua alba)
Authors: Mejia-Fava Johanna , Divers Stephen J. , Jiménez David A. , Ambrose Dana L. , Rech Raquel , Gottdenker Nicole L. , Mayer Jörg
Published: April 2013

Case Description—A 16-year-old female umbrella cockatoo (Cacatua alba) was referred to the University of Georgia College of Veterinary Medicine for evaluation of a 3-year seasonal history of lethargy and weight fluctuation.

Clinical Findings—Abnormalities detected via clinicopathologic analyses included mild leukocytosis, heterophilia, and lymphopenia consistent with a stress leukogram. Previous fecal examinations failed to diagnose enteric parasite infestation. Results of a fecal flotation test with Sheather sugar solution revealed spirurid eggs (Spiruroidea). Coelomic radiography revealed a widened cardiohepatic waist with increased soft tissue opacity at the level of the hepatic silhouette. The caudal thoracic and abdominal air sacs bilaterally appeared compressed against the coleomic wall. The proventriculus was increased in diameter, with a proventriculus-to-keel ratio of 1.0. Coelomic ultrasonography and positive-contrast upper gastrointestinal radiography revealed severe thickening and irregularity of the proventricular wall. The animal was anesthetized for an endoscopic examination of the upper gastrointestinal tract. Intralesional nematodes were identified on histologic examination of biopsy specimens from the proventriculus.

Treatment and Outcome—Effective fenbendazole treatment (15 mg/kg [6.8 mg/lb], PO, alternating between 5 days of treatment and 5 days of no treatment, which continued for 4 periods) was confirmed by repeated endoscopy and fecal examinations. The bird remained free of clinical signs 27 months after diagnosis and treatment.

Clinical Relevance—Antemortem diagnosis of proventricular nematodiasis has not been reported in psittacines. Spirurid nematode eggs are shed intermittently, which may lead to false-negative results on a single routine fecal examination. In this patient, radiography, endoscopy, and histologic evaluation facilitated antemortem diagnosis. This is the first report of successful treatment of this condition in psittacines.
Histopathologic findings in the sacrocaudalis dorsalis medialis muscle of horses with vitamin E–responsive muscle atrophy and weakness
Authors: Bedford Holly E. , Valberg Stephanie J. , Firshman Anna M. , Lucio Michelle , Boyce Mary K. , Trumble Troy N.
Published: April 2013

Objective—To characterize clinical findings, outcomes, muscle characteristics, and serum or muscle concentrations of α-tocopherol for horses with vitamin E–responsive signs of muscle atrophy and weakness consistent with signs of equine motor neuron disease (EMND).

Design—Retrospective case-control study.

Animals—8 affected (case) adult horses with acute (n = 3) or chronic (5) gross muscle atrophy that improved with vitamin E treatment and 14 clinically normal (control) adult horses with adequate (within reference range; 8) or low (6) muscle concentrations of α-tocopherol.

Procedures—Medical records were reviewed, serum and muscle concentrations of α-tocopherol were measured, and frozen biopsy specimens of sacrocaudalis dorsalis medialis muscle and gluteal muscle were histologically evaluated for pathological changes. Fiber type composition and fiber diameters were assessed in gluteal muscle specimens.

Results—A myopathy that was histologically characterized by redistribution of mitochondrial enzyme stain (moth-eaten appearance) and anguloid atrophy of myofibers was evident in sacrocaudalis dorsalis medialis muscle fibers of the 8 affected horses that had low serum (6/8) or skeletal muscle (5/5) concentrations of α-tocopherol; these histopathologic changes were not found in muscle specimens of control horses with low or adequate muscle concentrations of α-tocopherol. All affected horses regained strength and muscle mass within 3 months after initiation of vitamin E treatment and dietary changes.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—A vitamin E–deficient myopathy characterized histologically by a moth-eaten appearance in the mitochondria and anguloid myofiber atrophy in frozen sections of sacrocaudalis dorsalis medialis muscle biopsy specimens was found in horses with clinical signs of EMND that were highly responsive to vitamin E treatment. This myopathy may be a specific syndrome or possibly precede the development of neurogenic muscle fiber atrophy typical of EMND.
Clinical and diagnostic features of inflammatory airway disease subtypes in horses examined because of poor performance: 98 cases (2004–2010)
Authors: Nolen-Walston Rose D. , Harris Michelle , Agnew Morgan E. , Martin Benson B. , Reef Virginia B. , Boston Raymond C. , Davidson Elizabeth J.
Published: April 2013

Objective—To determine whether there are important differences relating to seasonality of signs or clinical features between subtypes of inflammatory airway disease (IAD) in horses caused by neutrophilic and eosinophilic-mastocytic inflammation having dissimilar etiopathologic pathways.

Design—Retrospective case series.

Animals—98 horses.

Procedures—Data were compiled from medical records of horses examined because of poor performance from 2004 through 2010. Horses underwent a standardized high-speed treadmill test, lameness evaluation, cardiac evaluation, and postexercise bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL). By means of standard BAL cytologic criteria, horses were divided into 4 groups: eosinophilic-mastocytic inflammation, neutrophilia only, mixed inflammation, or no inflammation (control). Associations between IAD subtype and clinical parameters were investigated.

Results—Data for 98 horses were obtained, including age, career, season of admission, and results of hematologic evaluation, high-speed treadmill arterial blood gas analysis, upper airway endoscopy, cardiologic evaluation, and BAL. Cytologic evidence of IAD was found in 81% (79/98) of the horses, and 30% (30/98) had erythrocytes present in the BAL fluid after exercise. Horses in the eosinophilic-mastocytic inflammation and mixed-inflammation groups were significantly more likely to be Thoroughbred than Standardbred and have larger amounts of mucus in their BAL fluid. No significant differences were found in season of evaluation, results of exercising blood gas analyses, or comorbidities.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—No association between season and cytologic profile of BAL fluid and no major effects of IAD subtype on pulmonary gas exchange during exercise were seen in this population of horses.
Lower Mechanical Pressure Pain Thresholds in Female Adolescents With Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome
Authors: Rathleff Michael S. , Roos Ewa M. , Olesen Jens L. , Rasmussen Sten , Arendt-Nielsen Lars
Published: April 2013

Study Design

Cross-sectional study.

Objectives

To compare pressure pain thresholds (PPTs) between adolescent females diagnosed with patellofemoral pain syndrome (PFPS) and gender- and age-matched controls without musculoskeletal pain.

Background

PFPS is prevalent among adolescents and may be associated with reduced PPT both locally and remotely from the site of reported pain. This may indicate altered central processing of nociceptive information. However, this has never been investigated in adolescents with PFPS.

Methods

Adolescents with PFPS and a comparison group without musculoskeletal pain were recruited from a population-based cohort of students from 4 upper secondary schools, aged 15 to 19 years. All 2846 students within that age range were invited to answer an online questionnaire regarding musculoskeletal pain. The students who reported knee pain were contacted by telephone and offered a clinical examination by an experienced rheumatologist, who made a diagnosis. PPTs were measured at 4 sites around the knee and 1 site on the tibialis anterior in the 57 female adolescents diagnosed with PFPS and in 22 female adolescents without musculoskeletal pain.

Results

Adolescents with PFPS, compared to controls, had significantly lower PPTs (26%–37% [100–178 kPa]) at each of the 4 sites around the knee, suggesting localized hyperalgesia. On the tibialis anterior, adolescents with PFPS had a 33% (159 kPa) lower PPT (distal hyperalgesia) compared with controls.

Conclusion

These findings suggest that adolescent females with PFPS have localized and distal hyperalgesia. These findings may have implications for treating PFPS, as both peripheral and central mechanisms may be driving the pain. Registered at clinicaltrials.gov (NCT01438762). J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2013;43(6):414–421. Epub 18 March 2013. doi:10.2519/jospt.2013.4383
In the Name of Liberalism: Pierre Trudeau, Organized Labour, and the Canadian Social Democratic Left, 1949–1959
Authors: Aivalis Christo
Published: April 2013

Abstract:

This article examines Pierre Elliott Trudeau's relationship with labour and social democratic organizations, 1949–1959. Using historiographic works, reflections from contemporary historical figures, and Trudeau's archival fonds, this essay demonstrates that his connections to labour and the left were motivated by his desire to enrich liberal democracy in both Quebec and Canada. Supporting labour unions and the provincial/federal Cooperative Commonwealth Federation during the early 1950s was imperative, as labour was a force for change and democratic renewal, and the ccf was the party with the strongest commitment to popular democracy, especially when contrasted with a Liberal Party and Union Nationale, which were dominated by regressive and financial interests. Using various theoretical approaches, including Ian McKay's Liberal Order Framework and Antonio Gramsci's concept of “trasformismo,” I seek to show how Trudeau's leftist forays were informed by the desire to transform liberalism and capitalism in such a way that maintained their essences while inoculating them from their core flaws. This process of liberal transformation and hegemony is further emphasized in the later stages of the 1950s, as Trudeau began to reject social democratic and labour parties, arguing that they put their goals aside and join forces with liberals to fight for democracy first.
“Roughing it in Comfort”: Family Cottaging and Consumer Culture in Postwar Ontario
Authors: Stevens Peter A.
Published: April 2013

Abstract:

This article draws upon recent studies of anti-modernism to explore the relationship between consumer culture and family cottaging in Ontario during the quarter century following the Second World War. It examines both the actions and ideas of actual postwar cottagers, as revealed primarily through oral history, as well as the representations of cottaging that appeared in postwar newspapers and magazines. Using these diverse sources, the article establishes the symbolic importance of summer homes during this period and illuminates the extent to which cottagers themselves sought to embrace the simple life. The evidence indicates that cottagers' relationship with consumer culture was marked by ambivalence, as summer homes provided a means of both escaping and fulfilling the prevailing ethos of materialism.
Theatre and Drama in the New Saskatchewan: Making Space and Place on and beyond the Land
Authors: Blackstone Mary , Day Moira
Published: April 2013

Although Saskatchewan conjures up images of a persistently have-not but determined farming culture and ferociously cold winters contributing to out-migration and cultural bareness, this vision derives more from past mythologies than the New Saskatchewan of the twenty-first century. With only 35% of the population currently in rural areas, a roaring economy and high job vacancy rates, its cities are bursting at the seams with new immigrants from Canada and abroad. Although this prosperity has not led to increased funding for the performing arts, theatre artists are among those moving to the province lured by the opportunity both to explore new, innovative approaches to dramatic work and to draw creative energy from the land, its traditions, and established creative institutions. With a thriving rural as well as urban theatre scene, Saskatchewan theatre artists are contributing to a redefinition of its cultural and social climate and its sense of identity.
Growing Opportunities: Theatre Thrives in Rural Saskatchewan
Authors: Powell M. E.
Published: April 2013

Saskatchewan rural communities provide fertile ground professional theatre. Professional theatres in small communities thrive by embracing a unique mandate, such as the commitment to produce new Saskatchewan and established Canadian plays at Dancing Sky Theatre in Meacham, 67 kilometres east of Saskatoon. Some have combined theatre with other arts, such as the combination theatre, tea room, and art gallery at Rosthern’s Station Arts Centre, located in the former CN railway depot. Ken Mitchell’s Burning Sun Theatre in Moose Jaw is known for historical drama and epics of frontier culture, such as Spirits of the Trail (2009) or The Medicine Line (2007). Of the many communities with amateur theatres, the Battleford Community Players have committed to producing short new Saskatchewan plays in cabaret formats and dessert-theatre festivals. In these and other examples, Saskatchewan rural theatres provide models for communities across the country.
Homeless on the Range—Theatre without a Home
Authors: Bracht Kathryn
Published: April 2013

Small theatre has to be adaptable and creative in order to thrive, but constantly moving homes can tax even the hardiest theatre company, let alone their audience. How does homelessness impact a small company? What’s the key to building a loyal audience that will follow a company from venue to venue? Does the tall shadow of a regional theatre in a smaller urban prairie community impact the creative life of new, struggling companies? This article explores the creative choices, challenges, and successes of several Regina-based companies that began homeless. How did lack of permanency affect these companies, and how did things change once they found a home? This article examines these questions, and explores the adaptability, creativity, and artistic choices formed by “homelessness on the range.”
Regina: The Little City with a Wild Side
Authors: Macdonald Daniel
Published: April 2013

This article focuses on the impact improvisation at the high school level has had on professional performance in Regina (and elsewhere) over the past twenty-five years. Regina is unique in that it is a small city with a large reputation when it comes to improvisation, rooted in the high school competitive improv format created by the Canadian Improv Games. The article traces the work of several Regina artists, all of whom were actively involved as high school students in the CIG format, and examines the kind of theatrical innovations these artists have designed in part as a result of their background in improv. The article examines the non-scripted element of theatrical creation and explores the effect improvisation has had on one film artist in particular as well as the educational and nurturing impact improvisation has had on students in general.