bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The ramification of Cameroon’s Anglophone crisis: conceptual analysis of a looming “Complex Disaster Emergency”
Authors: Bang Henry Ngenyam , Balgah Roland Azibo
Published: January 2022

One of Africa’s newest struggles for liberation: Cameroon’s Anglophone crisis, which emerged from legal and education grievances in 2016, rapidly escalated into a secessionist political conflict that is threatening the unity of the country, with potential to degenerate into a complex emergency. In an exploratory, qualitative, analytical, and descriptive case study research tradition involving document/content analysis, we apply the Robert Strauss Centre’s complex emergency framework to investigate the potential of the Anglophone crisis, whose ramifications lead us to consider it an acute complex emergency. Our contention is based on the fact that 72.5% of the variables in all the complex emergencies fall within the relevant to extremely relevant ranking criteria. Furthermore, the establishment of a nexus between the Anglophone crisis and a natural hazard-induced disaster suggest an escalation of the crisis to an unbearable level. Using the high probability of a novel eruption at Mt. Cameroon coupled with the eminent threat of the spread of the COVID-19 virus, we contend that unless otherwise, the crisis has immense potential to cumulatively evolve into a “Complex Disaster Emergency” (CDE) in the Anglophone regions of Cameroon. Amidst the existential challenges in providing humanitarian assistance in the conflict region, and by applying the Robert Strauss Centre’s complex emergency framework, this article concludes with an early warning for an impending CDE that could heighten humanitarian challenges unless there is foresight and goodwill by relevant actors to immediately commence a process of adequate contingency planning.
Development of computational models for microtesla-level magnetic brain scanning: a novel avenue for device development
Authors: Shahrestani Shane , Zada Gabriel , Tai Yu-Chong
Published: January 2022

Background

Detection of locally increased blood concentration and perfusion is critical for assessment of functional cortical activity as well as diagnosis of conditions such as intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). Current paradigms for assessment of regional blood concentration in the brain rely on computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and perfusion blood oxygen level dependent functional magnetic resonance imaging (BOLD-fMRI).

Results

In this study, we developed computational models to test the feasibility of novel magnetic sensors capable of detecting hemodynamic changes within the brain on a microtesla-level. We show that low-field magnetic sensors can accurately detect changes in magnetic flux density and eddy current damping signals resulting from increases in local blood concentration. These models predicted that blood volume changes as small as 1.26 mL may be resolved by the sensors, implying potential use for diagnosis of ICH and assessment of regional blood flow as a proxy for cerebral metabolism and neuronal activity. We then translated findings from our computational model to demonstrate feasibility of accurate detection of modeled ICH in a simulated human cadaver setting.

Conclusions

Overall, microtesla-level magnetic scanning is feasible, safe, and has distinct advantages compared to current standards of care. Computational modeling may facilitate rapid prototype development and testing of novel medical devices with minimal risk to human participants prior to device construction and clinical trials.
Moving computational multi-domain method for modelling the flow interaction of multiple moving objects
Authors: Nishimura Momoha , Yamakawa Masashi , Asao Shinichi , Takeuchi Seiichi , Ghomizad Mehdi Badri
Published: January 2022

This study proposes a method for modelling the flow interaction of multiple moving objects where the flow field variables are communicated between multiple separate moving computational domains. Instead of using the conventional approach with a single fixed computational domain covering the whole flow field, this method advances the moving computational domain (MCD) method in which the computational domain itself moves in line with the motions of an object inside. The computational domains created around each object move independently, and the flow fields of each domain interact where the flows cross. This eliminates the spatial restriction for simulating multiple moving objects. Firstly, a shock tube test verifies that the overset implementation and grid movement do not adversely affect the results and that there is communication between the grids. A second test case is conducted in which two spheres are crossed, and the forces exerted on one object due to the other’s crossing at a short distance are calculated. The results verify the reliability of this method and show that it is applicable to the flow interaction of multiple moving objects.
Refrigerated and frozen storage impact aronia berry quality
Authors: King Erica S. , Noll Andrea , Glenn Susan , Bolling Bradley W.
Published: January 2022

Postharvest storage of many freshly picked berries affects polyphenol and sugar content. However, little is known about the impact of refrigerated and frozen storage on aronia berry composition. Therefore, the objective of this study was to characterize how storage at 4 ± 2 °C and − 20 ± 2 °C, and temperature cycles affect aronia berry polyphenols, total solid content, pH, titratable acidity, polyphenol oxidase (PPO) activity, sugar content, acid content, color, and cell structure. Refrigerated storage reduced proanthocyanidins (21%), anthocyanins (36%), and total phenols (21%) after 12 weeks. Frozen storage increased polyphenols in the first 6 mo. of frozen storage but then decreased polyphenols at mo. 8 to levels similar to initial values. Frozen temperature cycling reduced anthocyanins 18% but did not affect total phenols or proanthocyanidins. Scanning electron microscopy analysis indicated temperature cycling induced cell damage, shrinking, and fusion. This disruption led to the release of anthocyanins inside the berry tissue. PPO activity did not significantly correlate with the decrease in polyphenol content during storage. °Brix did not significantly change during refrigeration and frozen storage but did during the 12th temperature cycle. Aronia berries’ pH and titratable acidity were affected more by refrigeration than frozen and temperature storage. The pH increased by 4% during refrigeration, and titratable acidity decreased by 17% at 12 weeks. In conclusion, refrigerated storage results in a modest reduction of aronia berry polyphenols, but absolute extractable polyphenols are stable for up to 8 months of frozen storage.

Graphical abstract
Adaptation of a community-based type-2 diabetes mellitus remission intervention during COVID-19: empowering persons living with diabetes to take control
Authors: Quimby Kim R. , Murphy Madhuvanti M. , Harewood Heather , Howitt Christina , Hambleton Ian , Jeyaseelan Selvi M. , Greaves Natalie , Sobers Natasha
Published: January 2022

Background

The Barbados Diabetes Remission Study-2 reported that a low-calorie diet for weight loss and diabetes remission implemented within the community and supported by trained community health advocates was both an acceptable implementation strategy and a clinically effective intervention. This study aimed to examine the adaptability of the face-to-face protocol into an online modality.

Methods

The Iterative Decision-making for Evaluation of Adaptations (IDEA) framework guides researchers in examining the necessity of the adaptation and the preservation of core intervention elements during the adaptation process. Adaptation outcomes were documented using the Framework for Reporting Adaptations and Modifications to Evidence-Based Implementation Strategies (FRAME-IS). Implementation outcome was determined by fidelity to core elements. Intervention effectiveness was determined from the analysis of clinical data.

Results

We decided that an adaptation was needed as COVID-19 control measures prohibited in-person interactions. The core elements—i.e. 12-week intervention duration, daily 840-kcal allowance, and weekly monitoring of weight and blood glucose—could be preserved during the adaptation process. Adaptations were made to the following: (1) the context in which data were collected—participants self-measured at home instead of following the original implementation strategy which involved being measured by community health advocates (CHA) at a community site; (2) the context in which data were entered—participants posted their measurements to a mobile application site which was accessible by CHAs. As with the original protocol, CHAs then entered the measurements into an online database; (3) the formulation of the low-calorie diet—participants substituted the liquid formulation for a solid meal plan of equivalent caloric content. There was non-inferiority in fidelity to attendance with the online format (97.5% visit rate), as compared to the face-to-face modality (95% visit rate). One participant deviated from the calorie allowances citing difficulty in estimating non-exact portion sizes and financial difficulty in procuring meals. Weight change ranged from − 14.3 to 0.4 kg over the 12-week period, and all group members achieved induction of diabetes remission as determined by a FBG of < 7mmol/l and an A1C of < 6.5%.

Conclusion

The results suggest that this adapted online protocol—which includes changes to both the implementation strategy and the evidence-based practice—is clinically effective whilst maintaining fidelity to key elements. Utilization of the IDEA and FRAME-IS adaptation frameworks add scientific rigour to the research.

Trial registration

ClinicalTrials.govNCT03536377. Registered on 24 May 2018
Levosimendan in intensive care and emergency medicine: literature update and expert recommendations for optimal efficacy and safety
Authors: Girardis M. , Bettex D. , Bojan M. , Demponeras C. , Fruhwald S. , Gál J. , Groesdonk H. V. , Guarracino F. , Guerrero-Orriach J. L. , Heringlake M. , Herpain A. , Heunks L. , Jin J. , Kindgen-Milles D. , Mauriat P. , Michels G. , Psallida V. , Rich S. , Ricksten S-E , Rudiger A. , Siegemund M. , Toller W. , Treskatsch S. , Župan Ž. , Pollesello P.
Published: January 2022

The inodilator levosimendan, in clinical use for over two decades, has been the subject of extensive clinical and experimental evaluation in various clinical settings beyond its principal indication in the management of acutely decompensated chronic heart failure. Critical care and emergency medicine applications for levosimendan have included postoperative settings, septic shock, and cardiogenic shock. As the experience in these areas continues to expand, an international task force of experts from 15 countries (Austria, Belgium, China, Croatia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Italy, the Netherlands, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, and the USA) reviewed and appraised the latest additions to the database of levosimendan use in critical care, considering all the clinical studies, meta-analyses, and guidelines published from September 2019 to November 2021. Overall, the authors of this opinion paper give levosimendan a “should be considered” recommendation in critical care and emergency medicine settings, with different levels of evidence in postoperative settings, septic shock, weaning from mechanical ventilation, weaning from veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, cardiogenic shock, and Takotsubo syndrome, in all cases when an inodilator is needed to restore acute severely reduced left or right ventricular ejection fraction and overall haemodynamic balance, and also in the presence of renal dysfunction/failure.
A quantitative calculation method for fracture density using the neutron self-shielding modification and neutron-induced gamma logging
Authors: Zhang Feng , Chen Qian , Liu Juntao , Zhang Quanying , Tian Lili , Fan Jilin , Liang Qixuan , Qiu Fei , Li Xianghui
Published: January 2022

As the critical parameter of hydraulic fracture evaluation, fracture density is significant for fracturing model optimization and production prediction. To compensate for the low response sensitivity of fracture density and the saturation of fracture evaluation in nonradioactive technology (NRT), we have developed a method based on modifying the neutron self-shielding effect to quantitatively calculate fracture density. The gamma counts of elements with content that did not change before and after fracturing are used to calculate the self-shielding correction factor. We establish the mathematical relationship between the corrected gamma counts of boron and fracture density to achieve a quantitative calculation of fracture density. Compared to NRT, the new method uses measured energy spectral information to eliminate the effect of neutron self-shielding on fracture density and improve calculation accuracy. Meanwhile, the scope or range of accurate fracture density estimation extends from the original 4% to more than 10%. Moreover, we further examine fracture response under different formations and borehole conditions using the Monte Carlo N-particle transport code. The salinity of formation water and borehole water has the most significant impact on fracture density calculation, shale content and porosity, lithology, and fluid type of formation; in contrast, borehole parameters are the least significant. Finally, in this paper, we illustrate the feasibility of the method through a continuous-depth numerical calculation.
Quasielastic least-squares reverse time migration of PS reflections
Authors: Feng Zongcai , Huang Lianjie
Published: January 2022

Conventional analysis of amplitude variation with offset for elastic PS reflections is based on analytical reflection coefficients in a layered medium, and wave-equation-based PS migration is mainly used to produce a structural image. To overcome this problem, we have developed a least-squares reverse time migration (LSRTM) method for elastic PS reflections based on a quasielastic wave equation. The quasielastic wave equation can accurately model PS reflections with elastic amplitudes under the first-order Born approximation. Our LSRTM method inverts for perturbations of the S-wave velocity and density by minimizing the [Formula: see text] norm of the difference between recorded and predicted PS reflections modeled using a quasielastic wave equation. We refer to our new method as quasielastic LSRTM of PS reflections. Numerical tests on synthetic and field data indicate that our method can properly handle the amplitudes of elastic PS reflections and provides an accurate estimate of the perturbations of S-wave velocity and density. Extending the method to the 3D case is not straightforward and might require incorporating certain PS data processing techniques into the inversion itself.
An efficient diffraction stacking interferometric imaging location method for microseismic events
Authors: Zhang Qingshan , Zhang Wei
Published: January 2022

Migration-based location methods automatically obtain microseismic event locations without manual picking and often are used in microseismic monitoring during hydraulic fracturing. They use waveform stacking over all receivers to enhance the ability to detect weak events. However, these methods may fail to effectively increase the signal-to-noise ratio (S/N) of the stacked trace and may not obtain an accurate source location if polarity reversals occur in seismic records. To overcome this problem, traditional approaches rely on polarity correction by characteristic function or polarity determination by source moment-tensor inversion and focal mechanism search. To ensure location accuracy and efficiency, we have developed the diffraction stacking interferometric imaging (DSII) method for locating microseismic events. We first obtain the approximately symmetrical pattern responding to the source moment tensor by using diffraction stacking (DS) and then apply interferometric imaging to focus the pattern onto its center and extract the source location. The DSII method overcomes the inaccurate location problem under polarity reversal caused by source mechanisms, and it also benefits from the high efficiency and noise suppression of the DS. Moreover, the symmetrical pattern in the DS source image also can be used as a means of quality control for field data. We use synthetic and field data to demonstrate the location ability of this method. Our results indicate that the DSII can efficiently reduce the effects of strong noise on event detection and location. We can achieve a quasi-symmetrical pattern on the DS image and obtain a focused interferometric image when the velocity has systematic errors. Compared with the DS, the DSII method also has a better performance on sparse-receiver networks. Finally, the DSII method is applied to field data acquired using a surface array during hydraulic fracturing.
Eliminating harmonic noise in vibroseis data through sparsity-promoted waveform modeling
Authors: Liu Dawei , Li Xiangfang , Wang Wei , Wang Xiaokai , Shi Zhensheng , Chen Wenchao
Published: January 2022

Vibroseis acquisition, which uses slip sweep instead of traditional flip-flop acquisition, could significantly reduce cycle time and increase productivity. However, the vibroseis system suffers from harmonically distorted sweeps being used as correlation operators, thus causing sticky harmonic distortions in correlated data that cannot be eliminated by forerunning manipulations and hindering interpretation. We propose a novel method to separate the harmonic interferences from correlated vibroseis data by exploring the waveform diversity between useful reflections and harmonic interferences. Following the diverse time-frequency distribution patterns of useful signal components and harmonic interferences, two different redundant waveform dictionaries are constructed to sparsely model useful reflections and harmonic interferences. Then, an iterative thresholding algorithm is used to gradually separate harmonic interferences from useful reflections, with each successive iteration potentially extracting the most reliable waveform elements built up into the corresponding signal components. The processing results of synthetic and field data examples highlight the effectiveness of our method in eliminating harmonic noise without noticeable loss of useful reflections. Compared to the classic frequency-dependent attenuation method, our approach has a higher fidelity.
Neural signatures of data-driven psychopathology dimensions at the transition to adolescence
Authors: Modabbernia Amirhossein , Michelini Giorgia , Reichenberg Abraham , Kotov Roman , Barch Deanna , Frangou Sophia
Published: January 2022

Background

One of the challenges in human neuroscience is to uncover associations between brain organization and psychopathology in order to better understand the biological underpinnings of mental disorders. Here, we aimed to characterize the neural correlates of psychopathology dimensions obtained using two conceptually different data-driven approaches.

Methods

Dimensions of psychopathology that were either maximally dissociable or correlated were respectively extracted by independent component analysis (ICA) and exploratory factor analysis (EFA) applied to the Childhood Behavior Checklist items from 9- to 10-year-olds (n = 9983; 47.8% female, 50.8% white) participating in the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development study. The patterns of brain morphometry, white matter integrity and resting-state connectivity associated with each dimension were identified using kernel-based regularized least squares and compared between dimensions using Spearman’s correlation coefficient.

Results

ICA identified three psychopathology dimensions, representing opposition–disinhibition, cognitive dyscontrol, and negative affect, with distinct brain correlates. Opposition–disinhibition was negatively associated with cortical surface area, cognitive dyscontrol was negatively associated with anatomical and functional dysconnectivity while negative affect did not show discernable associations with any neuroimaging measure. EFA identified three dimensions representing broad externalizing, neurodevelopmental, and broad Internalizing problems with partially overlapping brain correlates. All EFA-derived dimensions were negatively associated with cortical surface area, whereas measures of functional and structural connectivity were associated only with the neurodevelopmental dimension.

Conclusions

This study highlights the importance of cortical surface area and global connectivity for psychopathology in preadolescents and provides evidence for dissociable psychopathology dimensions with distinct brain correlates.
The timing of cell fate decisions is crucial for initiating pattern formation in the Drosophila eye
Authors: Weasner Bonnie M. , Kumar Justin P.
Published: January 2022

The eye-antennal disc of Drosophila is composed of three cell layers: a columnar epithelium called the disc proper (DP); an overlying sheet of squamous cells called the peripodial epithelium (PE); and a strip of cuboidal cells that joins the other two cellular sheets to each other and comprises the outer margin (M) of the disc. The M cells play an important role in patterning the eye because it is here that the Hedgehog (Hh), Decapentaplegic (Dpp) and JAK/STAT pathways function to initiate pattern formation. Dpp signaling is lost from the margin of eyes absent (eya) mutant discs and, as a result, the initiation of retinal patterning is blocked. Based on these observations, Eya has been proposed to control the initiation of the morphogenetic furrow via regulation of Dpp signaling within the M. We show that the failure in pattern formation surprisingly results from M cells prematurely adopting a head epidermis fate. This switch in fate normally takes place during pupal development after the eye has been patterned. Our results suggest that the timing of cell fate decisions is essential for correct eye development.
Surgery for Intraductal Papillary Mucinous Neoplasms of the Pancreas: Preoperative Factors Tipping the Scale of Decision-Making
Authors: Marchegiani Giovanni , Crippa Stefano , Perri Giampaolo , Rancoita Paola M. V. , Caravati Andrea , Belfiori Giulio , Dall’Olio Tommaso , Aleotti Francesca , Partelli Stefano , Bassi Claudio , Falconi Massimo , Salvia Roberto
Published: January 2022

Background

Decision-making in intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms (IPMNs) of the pancreas depends on scaling the risk of malignancy with the surgical burden of a pancreatectomy. This study aimed to develop a preoperative, disease-specific tool to predict surgical morbidity for IPMNs.

Methods

Based on preoperative variables of resected IPMNs at two high-volume institutions, classification tree analysis was applied to derive a predictive model identifying the risk factors for major morbidity (Clavien–Dindo ≥3) and postoperative pancreatic insufficiency.

Results

Among 524 patients, 289 (55.2%) underwent pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD), 144 (27.5%) underwent distal pancreatectomy (DP), and 91 (17.4%) underwent total pancreatectomy (TP) for main-duct (18.7%), branch-duct (12.6%), or mixed-type (68.7%) IPMN. For 98 (18.7%) of the patients, major morbidity developed. The classification tree distinguished different probabilities of major complications based on the type of surgery (area under the surve [AUC] 0.70; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.63–0.77). Among the DP patients, the presence of preoperative diabetes identified two risk classes with respective probabilities of 5% and 25% for the development of major morbidity, whereas among the PD/TP patients, three different classes with respective probabilities of 15%, 20%, and 36% were identified according to age and body mass index (BMI). Overall, history of diabetes, age, and cyst size segregated three different risk classes for new-onset/worsening diabetes.

Conclusions

In presumed IPMNs, the disease-specific risk of major morbidity and pancreatic insufficiency can be determined in the preoperative setting and used to personalize the possible surgical indication. Age and overweight status in case of PD/TP and diabetes in case of DP tip the scale toward less aggressive clinical management in the absence of features suggestive for malignancy.
Synthesis and Characterization of Dinaphtho[2,1-a:2,3-f]pentalene: A Stable Antiaromatic/Quinoidal Hydrocarbon Showing Appropriate Carrier Mobility in the Amorphous Layer
Authors: Horii Koki , Nogata Akira , Mizuno Yusuke , Iwasa Haruna , Suzuki Mitsuharu , Nakayama Ken-ichi , Konishi Akihito , Yasuda Makoto
Published: January 2022

A stable diareno[a,f]pentalene, dinaphtho[2,1-a:2,3-f]pentalene 6, was synthesized and characterized. The nonsymmetrical dinaphtho-fused structure of 6 highly localized the π-electrons on the pentalene core, creating a quinoidal closed-shell singlet state with a weakened antiaromatic nature. Due to the relatively high HOMO level and the presence of CH–π contacts, the mesityl derivative 6b exhibited a hole mobility of 4.37 × 10−4 cm2 V−1 s−1, as measured by a space-charge-limited current (SCLC) method.
Disparate Mechanisms of Fatigability in Response to Prolonged Running versus Cycling of Matched Intensity and Duration
Authors: BROWNSTEIN CALLUM G. , METRA MÉLANIE , SABATER PASTOR FREDERIC , FARICIER ROBIN , MILLET GUILLAUME Y.
Published: January 2022

Introduction

Running and cycling represent two of the most common forms of endurance exercise. However, a direct comparison of the neuromuscular consequences of these two modalities after prolonged exercise has never been made. The aim of this study was to compare the alterations in neuromuscular function induced by matched-intensity and duration cycling and running exercise.

Methods

During separate visits, 17 endurance-trained male participants performed 3 h of cycling and running at 105% of the gas exchange threshold. Neuromuscular assessments were taken are preexercise, midexercise, and postexercise, including knee extensor maximal voluntary contractions (MVC), voluntary activation (VA), high- and low-frequency doublets (Db100 and Db10, respectively), potentiated twitches (Q
tw,pot), motor evoked potentials (MEP), and thoracic motor evoked potentials (TMEP).

Results

After exercise, MVC was similarly reduced by ~25% after both running and cycling. However, reductions in VA were greater after running (−16% ± 10%) than cycling (−10% ± 5%; P < 0.05). Similarly, reductions in TMEP were greater after running (−78% ± 24%) than cycling (−15% ± 60%; P = 0.01). In contrast, reductions in Db100 (running vs cycling, −6% ± 21% vs −13% ± 6%) and Db10:100 (running vs cycling, −6% ± 16% vs −19% ± 13%) were greater for cycling than running (P ≤ 0.04).

Conclusions

Despite similar decrements in the knee extensor MVC after running and cycling, the mechanisms responsible for force loss differed. Running-based endurance exercise is associated with greater impairments in nervous system function, particularly at the spinal level, whereas cycling-based exercise elicits greater impairments in contractile function. Differences in the mechanical and metabolic demands imposed on the quadriceps could explain the disparate mechanisms of neuromuscular impairment after these two exercise modalities.
MR-guided radiotherapy for prostate cancer: state of the art and future perspectives
Authors: Sritharan Kobika , Tree Alison
Published: January 2022

Advances in radiotherapy technology have increased precision of treatment delivery and in some tumour types, improved cure rates and decreased side effects. A new generation of radiotherapy machines, hybrids of an MRI scanner and a linear accelerator, has the potential to further transform the practice of radiation therapy in some cancers. Facilitating superior image quality and the ability to change the dose distribution online on a daily basis (termed “daily adaptive replanning”), MRI-guided radiotherapy machines allow for new possibilities including increasing dose, for hard to treat cancers, and more selective sparing of healthy tissues, where toxicity reduction is the key priority.

These machines have already been used to treat most types of cancer, although experience is still in its infancy. This review summarises the potential and current evidence for MRI-guided radiotherapy, with a predominant focus on prostate cancer. Current advantages and disadvantages are discussed including a realistic appraisal of the likely potential to improve patient outcomes. In addition, horizon scanning for near-term possibilities for research and development will hopefully delineate the potential role for this technology over the next decade.
From Alternative Facts to Tentative Truths: Towards a Post-postmodern Dialogic Epistemology
Authors: Hoggan Chad , Hoggan-Kloubert Tetyana
Published: January 2022

Drawing attention to today’s epistemic crisis, this article seeks to reflect on the role of adult education in addressing this crisis and thereby fostering our democracies. We argue for the need of developing a new shared epistemic basis, a post-postmodern dialogic epistemology. This article presents three core components for this:  (1) universalism and particularism, (2) embracing epistemic humility, and (3) seeking for dialogue and the public use of reason. Starting with recognizing the value of postmodern critiques on the Enlightenment ideas of rational thinking and its practices of rigid categorizations, we update key concepts of Enlightenment thinking, such as the power of judgment, human epistemic fallibility, and public reasoning. The modern value of the Enlightenment lies for us predominantly in the democratic educational project that it started.  In this light, we see adult education as a (public) space dedicated to developing epistemic responsibility.
Επαγγελματική εκπαίδευση και κατάρτιση στη σφαίρα της κοινωνικής οικονομίας: Μια συγκριτική ανάλυση πέντε χωρών της ΕΕ
Authors: Apostolopoulos Nikolaos , Goulas Christos , Koukouris Alexandros , Papageorgiou Ira
Published: January 2022

Το παρόν άρθρο αποτελεί ένα συνδυασμό κειμένου πολιτικής και ερευνητικής εργασίας καθώς, με βάση πρωτογενή στοιχεία, αναπτύσσει την κατάσταση της Επαγγελματικής Εκπαίδευσης και Κατάρτισης (εφεξής ΕΕΚ) για την Κοινωνική και Αλληλέγγυα Οικονομία (εφεξής ΚΑλΟ) και διερευνά τα συναφή εκπαιδευτικά προγράμματα ως βασικό μηχανισμό υποστήριξης της ΚΑλΟ στην Ευρωπαϊκή Ένωση. Επιπλέον, αυτό το άρθρο δείχνει ότι η σύνδεση μεταξύ ΚΑλΟ και εκπαίδευσης ενηλίκων δεν είναι τυχαία, αλλά βασίζεται σε συγκλίνουσες αρχές αυτών των δύο πεδίων, και ειδικά στο κοινό τους αξίωμα ως προς την προοπτική μετασχηματισμού της κοινωνίας. Τα εμπειρικά δεδομένα της έρευνας προέρχονται από πέντε χώρες (Γαλλία, Ελλάδα, Ιταλία, Κροατία και Τσεχία) οι οποίες συμμετέχουν σε ευρωπαϊκό πρόγραμμα που συντονίζει το ΙΝΕ ΓΣΕΕ. Το παρόν κείμενο πολιτικής έρχεται να καλύψει ένα κενό στη βιβλιογραφία της ευρωπαϊκής ΚΑλΟ, δεδομένου ότι πρόκειται για ένα σύγχρονο, ελάχιστα διερευνημένο πεδίο γενικά, και ειδικότερα ως προς τη σύνδεσή του με την ΕΕΚ. Η σημασία αυτού του άρθρου είναι ακόμη πιο μεγάλη ενόψει των συνεχιζόμενων κοινωνικοοικονομικών κρίσεων (π.χ. χρηματοοικονομική, υγειονομική, περιβαλλοντική κρίση), οι οποίες αναδεικνύουν το γεγονός ότι οι προοπτικές της ΚΑλΟ δεν μπορούν πλέον να απουσιάζουν από την πολιτική ατζέντα.
Από αρχάριος, …ειδικός: Τροχιές απόκτησης δεξιοτήτων κατά την εργασία
Authors: Lintzeris Paraskevas
Published: January 2022

Η εργασία συνιστά, από την ίδια της τη φύση, τη χωροχρονική λειτουργία και τον ρόλο της στην κοινωνική ζωή, ένα πεδίο ανθρώπινης αλληλεπίδρασης που λειτουργεί ως πηγή εμπειριών οι οποίες επηρεάζουν εξελικτικά και μεταμορφωτικά το σώμα των γνώσεων, δεξιοτήτων και ικανοτήτων που κάθε άτομο διαθέτει και ενεργοποιεί κατά την άσκησή της. Το κείμενο εξετάζει τρεις θεωρίες που αναφέρονται στους τρόπους που συντελείται η απόκτηση δεξιοτήτων για τη μετάβαση από την κατάσταση του αρχάριου σε αυτήν του ειδικού: τη θεώρηση των S.E. Dreyfus & H.L. Dreyfus, την ανάλυση του Richard Sennett και την προσέγγιση των Chris Argyris και Donald Schön. Υπογραμμίζεται η σημασία της πρακτικής εργασιακής εμπειρίας και ειδικότερα της επίλυσης προβλημάτων ώστε να υπάρξει υποκειμενική πρόσληψη, εσωτερίκευση και εμπέδωση της θεωρητικής γνώσης. Παράλληλα όμως τονίζεται η κρισιμότητα της θεωρητικής, επιστημονικής γνώσης για την κατανόηση, τον έλεγχο και τη γενίκευση της πρακτικής εμπειρίας.
Art activities in correctional- pedagogical work with the children of special educational needs
Authors: Χαρμάνη Αποστολία
Published: January 2022

Η τέχνη δεν είναι ένας μοναχικός τομέας της ανθρώπινης δραστηριότητας. βρίσκεται σε συνεχή και στενή επαφή με το φυσικό περιβάλλον και τη δημόσια ζωή, με την επιστημονική γνώση, με τη θρησκευτική επιδίωξη και το ηθικό ιδεώδες, με ό,τι μας περιβάλλει. Η τέχνη είναι η δύναμη που οδηγεί την πρόοδο του ανθρώπου, κάνει τη ζωή πιο όμορφη, πιο αποδεκτή, καλύτερη. Η τέχνη διεισδύει σε όλους τους τομείς της σύγχρονης ζωής και αγγίζει ανθρώπους από διαφορετικούς πολιτισμούς, με διαφορετικές ηθικές συμπεριφορές, κοινωνική θέση και ζωτικές θέσεις. Η εφαρμογή του σε εκπαιδευτικά ιδρύματα, συμπεριλαμβανομένης της ειδικής αγωγής, είναι αναπόφευκτη.Μια σχετικά νέα κατεύθυνση στο διορθωτικό και παιδαγωγικό έργο με παιδιά με ειδικές εκπαιδευτικές ανάγκες είναι η δραστηριότητες Τέχνης.Δεδομένου ότι οι δραστηρίοτητες της τέχνης είναι ένας συνδυασμός δύο τομέων επιστημονικής γνώσης της τέχνης και της παιδαγωγικής, θέτει τα θεμέλια στα οποία βασίζεται η θεωρία και η πράξη της σωφρονιστικής-παιδαγωγικής διαδικασίας. Οι εκπαιδευτικές του λειτουργίες στοχεύουν στην οικοδόμηση ηθικο-αισθητικών, αισθητικών και επικοινωνιακών-αντανακλαστικών ιδιοτήτων στην προσωπικότητα και υποστηρίζουν τη διαδικασία ένταξης και κοινωνικοποίησης με τη βοήθεια της τέχνης. Η συμπερίληψη καλλιτεχνικών δραστηριοτήτων φιλικών προς τα παιδιά και ο συνδυασμός τους με στοιχεία παιχνιδιού αποδείχθηκε ότι επηρεάζει θετικά την ανάπτυξη των παιδιών με αναπηρίες.Ως εκ τούτου, οι δραστηριότητες Τέχνης στο διορθωτικό και παιδαγωγικό έργο με παιδιά με ειδικές εκπαιδευτικές ανάγκες είναι ένα ιδιαίτερα επίκαιρο θέμα, καθώς στην Ελλάδα η χρήση καλλιτεχνικών δραστηριοτήτων δεν είναι ευρέως διαδεδομένη. Ο συγγραφέας αυτούΗ διατριβή λειτουργεί με τέτοια παιδιά και αυτό την προκαλεί να αναζητήσει τρόπους βελτίωσης της διορθωτικής-παιδαγωγικής εργασίας χρησιμοποιώντας διαφορετικές εργασίες.ΑΝΤΙΚΕΙΜΕΝΟείναι οι καλλιτεχνικές δραστηριότητες που περιλαμβάνονται σε διορθωτικές και παιδαγωγικές εργασίες στα μαθηματικά και τη μητρική γλώσσα με παιδιά με ειδικές εκπαιδευτικές ανάγκες.ΘΕΜΑΑΝΤΙΚΕΙΜΕΝΟ ΤΗΣ ΜΕΛΕΤΗΣ είναι η επίδραση εικαστικών δραστηριοτήτων - μουσικών, εικαστικών και θεατρικών στην ανάπτυξη του παιδιού με ειδικές εκπαιδευτικές ανάγκες.Κατανοώντας τη σημασία των καλλιτεχνικών δραστηριοτήτων σε αυτή τη διπλωματική εργασία, εστιάζουμε την προσοχή μας στην αναζήτηση των προβολών τους στο διορθωτικό και παιδαγωγικό έργο με παιδιά με ειδικές εκπαιδευτικές ανάγκες. Σε αυτό το πλαίσιο, το αντικείμενο και το αντικείμενο που διατυπώνονται έτσι μας επιτρέπουν να ορίσουμεΣΚΟΠΟΣ να αποκαλυφθεί ο ρόλος των καλλιτεχνικών δραστηριοτήτων για την αποτελεσματική εφαρμογή της διορθωτικής και παιδαγωγικής εργασίας με μαθητές με ειδικές εκπαιδευτικές ανάγκες, καθώς και η διεγερτική επιρροή του έργου τέχνης για ενεργή συμμετοχή σε αυτή τη διαδικασία.
Diverging destinies: ‘social’ data within the TwinsUK cohort
Authors: Bowyer Ruth C E , Abbasian Golboo , García María Paz , Anastasiou Andrew , Lachance Genevieve , Thompson Ellen J , Hart Deborah , Dowd Jennifer B , Steves Claire J
Published: January 2022

Background: Twins offer social scientists a unique opportunity to understand the interplay of social factors and physical and mental well-being. TwinsUK is the largest UK registry of adult mono- and dy-zygotic twins, but most of the research that utilises the cohorts’ data to date has focused on the genetic underpinnings of complex disease.

Methods: Following formal unstructured discussions with social scientists we identified key areas of research interest and annotated the historical data collections in TwinsUK where they could be applied to these research aims.

Results: We present a summary of variables identified as of key interest to researchers from the social science sphere, spanning the following domains: 1: Parenting, child rearing and pregnancies; 2: Working habits and patterns; 3: Sleeping habits and patterns; 4: Social support; 5: Negative life events; 6: Spousal relationships.

Conclusions: TwinsUK has a wide range of genetic and health data that would allow investigation of research questions focusing on these domains.
Characteristics and outcomes of COVID-19 patients with COPD from the United States, South Korea, and Europe
Authors: Moreno-Martos David , Verhamme Katia , Ostropolets Anna , Kostka Kristin , Duarte-Sales Talita , Prieto-Alhambra Daniel , Alshammari Thamir M , Alghoul Heba , Ahmed Waheed-Ul-Rahman , Blacketer Clair , DuVall Scott , Lai Lana , Matheny Michael , Nyberg Fredrik , Posada Jose , Rijnbeek Peter , Spotnitz Matthew , Sena Anthony , Shah Nigam , Suchard Marc , Chan You Seng , Hripcsak George , Ryan Patrick , Morales Daniel
Published: January 2022

Background: Characterization studies of COVID-19 patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are limited in size and scope. The aim of the study is to provide a large-scale characterization of COVID-19 patients with COPD.

Methods: We included thirteen databases contributing data from January-June 2020 from North America (US), Europe and Asia. We defined two cohorts of patients with COVID-19 namely a ‘diagnosed’ and ‘hospitalized’ cohort. We followed patients from COVID-19 index date to 30 days or death. We performed descriptive analysis and reported the frequency of characteristics and outcomes among COPD patients with COVID-19.

Results: The study included 934,778 patients in the diagnosed COVID-19 cohort and 177,201 in the hospitalized COVID-19 cohort. Observed COPD prevalence in the diagnosed cohort ranged from 3.8% (95%CI 3.5-4.1%) in French data to 22.7% (95%CI 22.4-23.0) in US data, and from 1.9% (95%CI 1.6-2.2) in South Korean to 44.0% (95%CI 43.1-45.0) in US data, in the hospitalized cohorts. COPD patients in the hospitalized cohort had greater comorbidity than those in the diagnosed cohort, including hypertension, heart disease, diabetes and obesity. Mortality was higher in COPD patients in the hospitalized cohort and ranged from 7.6% (95%CI 6.9-8.4) to 32.2% (95%CI 28.0-36.7) across databases. ARDS, acute renal failure, cardiac arrhythmia and sepsis were the most common outcomes among hospitalized COPD patients.  

Conclusion: COPD patients with COVID-19 have high levels of COVID-19-associated comorbidities and poor COVID-19 outcomes. Further research is required to identify patients with COPD at high risk of worse outcomes.
La identificación de la expropiación indirecta: el análisis de los criterios de privación de la propiedad y del tiempo utilizados en la práctica arbitral reciente
Authors: Esis Villarroel Ivette S. , De Abreu María Gabriela
Published: January 2022

El alto nivel de litigiosidad entre inversionistas y Estados receptores de inversión corresponden en buena medida a problemas por la expropiación de los segundos sobre activos de los primeros. Cuando se trata de expropiaciones de carácter indirecto, la complicada tarea de los tribunales arbitrales consiste en distinguir si la medida estatal objetada corresponde o no a una legítima acción del Estado anfitrión para proteger sus intereses públicos. La UNCTAD y la OECD han esgrimido varios criterios de identificación de una expropiación indirecta y, de ellos, el criterio de la privación sustancial del inversor de la propiedad o del control de la inversión y la duración de la medida, por lo que nos preguntamos si estos han sido aplicados o no por la práctica arbitral en fechas recientes. Luego del análisis de 15 laudos arbitrales dictados en distintos años del periodo 2010-2019, llegamos a la conclusión que mayoritariamente sí se aplican (especialmente los de la UNCTAD), aunque no siempre se mencionan. A ello, se agrega el análisis por parte de los tribunales arbitrales de laudos arbitrales precedentes y el estudio de la doctrina especializada. Asimismo, debido a la tendencia mostrada en los más recientes tratados de inversión de incorporar estos criterios (en su articulado o como anexo), consideramos que los próximos años serán muy decisivos en la práctica arbitral ante el eventual escrutinio que los tribunales arbitrales realizarán de la actuación de los inversionistas y los propios Estados, en aplicación de estas fuentes convencionales.
Optimization Under Connected Uncertainty
Authors: Nohadani Omid , Sharma Kartikey
Published: January 2022

Robust optimization methods have shown practical advantages in a wide range of decision-making applications under uncertainty. Recently, their efficacy has been extended to multiperiod settings. Current approaches model uncertainty either independent of the past or in an implicit fashion by budgeting the aggregate uncertainty. In many applications, however, past realizations directly influence future uncertainties. For this class of problems, we develop a modeling framework that explicitly incorporates this dependence via connected uncertainty sets, whose parameters at each period depend on previous uncertainty realizations. To find optimal here-and-now solutions, we reformulate robust and distributionally robust constraints for popular set structures and demonstrate this modeling framework numerically on broadly applicable knapsack and portfolio-optimization problems.
A Theoretical Framework for Instance Complexity of the Resource-Constrained Project Scheduling Problem
Authors: Van Eynde Rob , Vanhoucke Mario
Published: January 2022

The resource-constrained project scheduling problem (RCPSP) addresses the problem of constructing a schedule with minimum makespan for a set of activities, subject to precedence and resource constraints. Recent research introduced a data set with small instances that cannot be solved by the state-of-the-art algorithms, revealing a gap in our understanding of instance complexity. We propose a new theoretical framework for the instance complexity for the RCPSP, consecutively incorporating precedence constraints, resource constraints, and activity durations. Our approach contributes to the existing knowledge base in two ways. First, it is independent from solution algorithms, which enables generalisable conclusions. Second, the theoretical perspective enables a deeper understanding of the drivers of instance complexity. We evaluate the performance of our approach with a series of computational experiments. These show that our framework is a strong discriminator between easy and hard instances and explains a large fraction of CPU times of optimal solution algorithms.
COCONUT SHELL BIOBRIQUETTES TRAINING TO THE COMMUNITY OF KARANG KEMIRI, BELITANG, OGAN KOMERING ULU TIMUR REGENCY, SOUTH SUMATERA
Authors: Gobel Alieftiyani Paramita , Yandriani Yandriani , Van Gobel Hairunnisa
Published: January 2022

The utilization of technology becomes an indicator of the growth of a society that solves problems, needs, benefits in an effective, efficient and sustainable ways. One of the technologies utilized by the community to reduce the massive exploitation of non-renewable fossil energy is to reuse alternative energy. Biobriquette becomes alternative energy from biomass waste that is possibly used in daily activities. In response to this, the purposes of performing the Community Service Program (PPM) in Karang Kemiri Village, Belitang District are; to 1) provide counseling and assistance to the community in creating biobriquette from coconut shells, 2) apply biobriquette in the cooking process. The PPM implementation method includes 3 (three) stages, that is socialization, biobriquette production, and biobriquette application. Based on the results achieved as a whole, the local Community welcomed the Community Service Program as it provides them new knowledge and skills regarding biobriquette creation. The other result of this community service program is to apply biobriquette instead of firewood to cook for their daily cooking needs
The Role of Ellagic Acid on Inflammatory Protein NFKB1 and HSP70 with STITCH Prediction
Authors:   Faculty of Dentistry, Airlangga University, Surabaya, East Java 60132, Indonesia, Saputera Debby ,   Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Lambung Mangkurat University, Banjarmasin, South Borneo 70132, Indonesia, Nirwana Intan ,   Department of Dental Materials, Faculty of Dentistry, Airlangga University, Surabaya, East Java 60132, Indonesia, Kridanto Michael Josef ,   Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Airlangga University, Surabaya, East Java 60132, Indonesia, Surboyo Meircurius Dwi Condro ,   Department of Oral Medicine, Faculty of Dentistry, Airlangga University, Surabaya, East Java 60132, Indonesia
Published: January 2022

Abstract The objective of this study was to determine the intervention mechanism of Ellagic Acid (ES) against inflammatory proteins NFKB1 and HSP70. Target Protein Analysis using SeaTarget (http://sea.bkslab.org). The compound is then analyzed for its target protein in the human body using the STITCH database (http://stitch.embl.de/). Then analyzed the interactions between proteins using the STRINGdb database (https://string-db.org/cgi/input.pl). In the analysis results with SEA, Ellagic Acid can target HSP70. Based on the results of interactions using STITCH, ellagic acid can target the Alpha Protein Kinase Catalytic Sub-unit (PRKCA). Protein Kinase Catalytic Sub-unit Alpha facilitates ellagic acid interactions with Nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B-cells 1 (NFKB1) and Heat Shock 60kDa Protein 1 (HSPD1). Where NFKB1 is a pleiotropic transcription factor in various processes such as inflammation, immunity, differentiation, cell growth, tumorigenesis, and apoptosis. Ellagic acid can help reduce inflammation. It is predicted that the active compound in ellagic acid acts as an anti-inflammatory. The NFKB1 and HSP70 pathways play a role in inflammation and have activity for inflammation regulation. Keywords: Ellagic acid, HSP70, Human & Health; Inflammation, NFKB1, STITCH