bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Genome-wide identification of PTI1 family in Setaria italica and salinity-responsive functional analysis of SiPTI1–5
Authors: Huangfu Yongguan , Pan Jiaowen , Li Zhen , Wang Qingguo , Mastouri Fatemeh , Li Ying , Yang Stephen , Liu Min , Dai Shaojun , Liu Wei
Published: July 2021

Background

PTI1 (Pto-interacting 1) protein kinase belongs to the receptor-like cytoplasmic kinase (RLCK) group of receptor-like protein kinases (RLK), but lack extracellular and transmembrane domains. PTI1 was first identified in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) and named SlPTI1, which has been reported to interact with bacterial effector Pto, a serine/threonine protein kinase involved in plant resistance to bacterial disease. Briefly, the host PTI1 specifically recognizes and interacts with the bacterial effector AvrPto, which triggers hypersensitive cell death to inhibit the pathogen growth in the local infection site. Previous studies have demonstrated that PTI1 is associated with oxidative stress and hypersensitivity.

Results

We identified 12 putative PTI1 genes from the genome of foxtail millet (Setaria italica) in this study. Gene replication analysis indicated that both segmental replication events played an important role in the expansion of PTI1 gene family in foxtail millet. The PTI1 family members of model plants, i.e. S. italica, Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), rice (Oryza sativa), maize (Zea mays), S. lycopersicum, and soybean (Glycine max), were classified into six major categories according to the phylogenetic analysis, among which the PTI1 family members in foxtail millet showed higher degree of homology with those of rice and maize. The analysis of a complete set of SiPTI1 genes/proteins including classification, chromosomal location, orthologous relationships and duplication. The tissue expression characteristics revealed that SiPTI1 genes are mainly expressed in stems and leaves. Experimental qRT-PCR results demonstrated that 12 SiPTI1 genes were induced by multiple stresses. Subcellular localization visualized that all of foxtail millet SiPTI1s were localized to the plasma membrane. Additionally, heterologous expression of SiPTI1–5 in yeast and E. coli enhanced their tolerance to salt stress.

Conclusions

Our results contribute to a more comprehensive understanding of the roles of PTI1 protein kinases and will be useful in prioritizing particular PTI1 for future functional validation studies in foxtail millet.
Anther dehiscence is regulated by gibberellic acid in yellow lupine (Lupinus luteus L.)
Authors: Marciniak Katarzyna , Przedniczek Krzysztof
Published: July 2021

Background

Anther dehiscence resulting in the release of pollen grains is tightly regulated in a spatiotemporal manner by various factors. In yellow lupine (Lupinus luteusL.), a species that shows cleistogamy, the anthers split before the flowers open, but the course and regulation of this process are unknown. The specific control of anther development takes place via hormonal pathways, the wide action of which ensures reproductive success. In our previous research concerning flower and early pod development in yellow lupine, we showed that the lowest transcript level ofLlDELLA1, a main repressor of gibberellin (GA) signalling, occurs approximately at the time of anther opening; therefore, the main purpose of this study was to precisely investigate the gibberellic acid (GA3)-dependent regulation of the anther dehiscence in this species.

Results

In this paper, we showed the specific changes in the yellow lupine anther structure during dehiscence, including secondary thickening in the endothecium by lignocellulosic deposition, enzymatic cell wall breakdown at the septum/stomium and cell degeneration via programmed cell death (PCD), and identified several genes widely associated with this process. The expression profile of genes varied over time, with the most intense mRNA accumulation in the phases prior to or at the time of anther opening. The transcriptional activity also revealed that these genes are highly coexpressed and regulated in a GA-dependent manner. The cellular and tissue localization of GA3showed that these molecules are present before anther opening, mainly in septum cells, near the vascular bundle and in the endothecium, and that they are subsequently undetectable. GA3localization strongly correlates with the transcriptional activity of genes related to GA biosynthesis and deactivation. The results also suggest that GA3controlsLlGAMYBexpression via anLlMIR159-dependent pathway.

Conclusions

The presented results show a clear contribution of GA3in the control of the extensive anther dehiscence process in yellow lupine. Understanding the processes underlying pollen release at the hormonal and molecular levels is a significant aspect of controlling fertility in this economically important legume crop species and is of increasing interest to breeders.
Predominantly symplastic phloem unloading of photosynthates maintains efficient starch accumulation in the cassava storage roots (Manihot esculenta Crantz)
Authors: Pan Kun , Lu Cheng , Nie Peixian , Hu Meizhen , Zhou Xincheng , Chen Xin , Wang Wenquan
Published: July 2021

Background

Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) efficiently accumulates starch in its storage roots. However, how photosynthates are transported from the leaves to the phloem (especially how they are unloaded into parenchymal cells of storage roots) remains unclear.

Results

Here, we investigated the sucrose unloading pattern and its impact on cassava storage root development using microstructural and physiological analyses, namely, carboxyfluorescein (CF) and C14 isotope tracing. The expression profiling of genes involved in symplastic and apoplastic transport was performed, which included enzyme activity, protein gel blot analysis, and transcriptome sequencing analyses. These finding showed that carbohydrates are transported mainly in the form of sucrose, and more than 54.6% was present in the stem phloem. Sucrose was predominantly unloaded symplastically from the phloem into storage roots; in addition, there was a shift from apoplastic to symplastic unloading accompanied by the onset of root swelling. Statistical data on the microstructures indicated an enrichment of plasmodesmata within sieve, companion, and parenchyma cells in the developing storage roots of a cultivar but not in a wild ancestor. Tracing tests with CF verified the existence of a symplastic channel, and [14C] Suc demonstrated that sucrose could rapidly diffuse into root parenchyma cells from phloem cells. The relatively high expression of genes encoding sucrose synthase and associated proteins appeared in the middle and late stages of storage roots but not in primary fibrous roots, or secondary fibrous roots. The inverse expression pattern of sucrose transporters, cell wall acid invertase, and soluble acid invertase in these corresponding organs supported the presence of a symplastic sucrose unloading pathway. The transcription profile of genes involved in symplastic unloading and their significantly positive correlation with the starch yield at the population level confirmed that symplastic sucrose transport is vitally important in the development of cassava storage roots.

Conclusions

In this study, we revealed that the cassava storage root phloem sucrose unloading pattern was predominantly a symplastic unloading pattern. This pattern is essential for efficient starch accumulation in high-yielding varieties compared with low-yielding wild ancestors.
IGFBP7 and GDF-15, but not P1NP, are associated with cardiac alterations and 10-year outcome in an elderly community-based study
Authors: Meessen Jennifer M. T. A. , Cesaroni Giulia , Mureddu Gian F. , Boccanelli Alessandro , Wienhues-Thelen Ursula-Henrike , Kastner Peter , Ojeda-Fernandez Luisa , Novelli Deborah , Bazzoni Gianfranco , Mangiavacchi Maurizio , Agabiti Nera , Masson Serge , Staszewsky Lidia , Latini Roberto ,   on behalf of the PREDICTOR Investigators
Published: July 2021

Background

Little is known about the clinical value of Insulin-like growth factor-binding protein-7 (IGFBP7), a cellular senescence marker, in an elderly general population with multiple co-morbidities and high prevalence of asymptomatic cardiovascular ventricular dysfunction. Inflammation and fibrosis are hallmarks of cardiac aging and remodelling. Therefore, we assessed the clinical performance of IGFBP7 and two other biomarkers reflecting these pathogenic pathways, the growth differentiation factor-15 (GFD-15) and amino-terminal propeptide of type I procollagen (P1NP), for their association with cardiac phenotypes and outcomes in the PREDICTOR study.

Methods

2001 community-dwelling subjects aged 65–84 years who had undergone centrally-read echocardiography, were selected through administrative registries. Atrial fibrillation (AF) and 4 echocardiographic patterns were assessed: E/e’ (> 8), enlarged left atrial area, left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) and reduced midwall circumference shortening (MFS). All-cause and cardiovascular mortality and hospitalization were recorded over a median follow-up of 10.6 years.

Results

IGFBP7 and GDF-15, but not P1NP, were independently associated with prevalent AF and echocardiographic variables after adjusting for age and sex. After adjustment for clinical risk factors and cardiac patterns or NT-proBNP and hsTnT, both IGFBP7 and GDF-15 independently predicted all-cause mortality, hazard ratios 2.13[1.08–4.22] and 2.03[1.62–2.56] per unit increase of Ln-transformed markers, respectively.

Conclusions

In a community-based elderly cohort,IGFBP7 and GDF-15 appear associated to cardiac alterations as well as to 10-year risk of all-cause mortality.
Psychometric properties of modified MOS social support survey 5-item (MSSS-5-item) among Iranian older adults
Authors: Bakhshandeh Bavarsad Maryam , Foroughan Mahshid , Zanjari Nasibeh , Jorjoran Shushtari Zahra , Ghaedamini Harouni Gholamreza
Published: July 2021

Background

Social support is a key factor in public health. Since the precise evaluation of it is critical, the current study has been developed to evaluate the psychometric properties of the MOS-SSS questionnaire’s abbreviated form (MSSS-5-item) among the Iranian older adults.

Methods

This cross-sectional and methodological study was conducted on 420 community older adults (age ≥ 60) through random multi-stage sampling. The questionnaire was first translated into Persian through the Forward & Backward method based on WHO guidelines. Next, the validity of scales was investigated by calculating face validity, content validity, Known-group validity, explanatory factor analysis, and confirmatory factor analysis indices. The reliability of the questionnaire was calculated by internal consistency, test-retest, and absolute reliability. Moreover, the scalability of the questionnaire was checked through the Mokken scale analysis. The software packages SPSS version 22, AMOS version 22, and R (Mokken package) were employed to analyze the data.

Results

the face validity was conducted using interviews with older adults and gathering the specialists’ opinions. Then, the items were grammatically and lexically corrected accordingly. The CVI index of the overall scale was 0.94, and for every single item above 0.89. The results of the independent t-test showed that the current questionnaire well distinguished between the older adults who do and do not feel lonely (p < 0.001). Two components were recognized according to the explanatory factor analysis. They together explained 67.78% of the total variance of the questionnaire. The CFA showed that the two-factor model had acceptable fit indices. The questionnaire had desirable internal consistency (α = 0.78), stability (ICC = 0.98), and absolute reliability (SEM = 0.56, MDC = 1.57). Furthermore, the Mokken scale proved that MSSS-5-item was a strong scale (H = 0.51, se = 0.03).

Conclusion

The present study results showed that the MSSS-5-item questionnaire had suitable validity and reliability to be used among Iranian older adults.
Process evaluation of a tailored intervention to Reduce Inappropriate psychotropic Drug use in nursing home residents with dementia
Authors: Groot Kormelinck Claudia M. , van Teunenbroek Charlotte F. , Zuidema Sytse U. , Smalbrugge Martin , Gerritsen Debby L.
Published: July 2021

Background

Research suggests that collaborative and tailored approaches with external expertise are important to process implementations. We therefore performed a process evaluation of an intervention using participatory action research, tailored information provision, and external coaching to reduce inappropriate psychotropic drug use among nursing home residents with dementia. The process evaluation was conducted alongside a randomized controlled trial assessing the utility of this approach.

Methods

We used Leontjevas’ model of process evaluation to guide data collection and analysis, focusing on the relevance and feasibility, extent of performance, and barriers and facilitators to implementation. Data on the relevance and feasibility and on the extent of performance were collected using a questionnaire targeting internal project leaders at nursing homes and our external coaches. Implementation barriers and facilitators were identified by individual semi-structured interviews. The Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research was used to structure and describe the identified barriers and facilitators.

Results

The intervention was viewed positively, but it was also considered time consuming due to the involvement of many people and designing a tailored action and implementation plan was viewed as complex. The extent of performance differed between nursing homes. Delays in implementation and suboptimal execution of actions may have reduced effectiveness of the RID intervention in some nursing homes. Barriers to implementation were reorganizations, staff turnover, communication issues, unclear expectations, and perceived time pressures. Implementation also depended on the involvement and skills of key stakeholders, and organizations’ readiness to change. Although external coaches stimulated implementation, their additional value was rated variably across organizations.

Conclusions

Barriers to implementation occurred on several levels and some barriers appear to be inherent to the nursing home environment and could be points of leverage of future implementation trajectories. This underlines the importance of assessing and supporting organizations in their readiness to change. Sensitivity analyses, taking into account the week in which nursing homes started with implementation and the degree to which actions were implemented as intended, will be appropriate in the effect analyses of the trial.
Bloodstream infections in adult patients with malignancy, epidemiology, microbiology, and risk factors associated with mortality and multi-drug resistance
Authors: Amanati Ali , Sajedianfard Sarvin , Khajeh Somayeh , Ghasempour Shabnam , Mehrangiz Salma , Nematolahi Samane , Shahhosein Zahra
Published: July 2021

Background

This study aimed to investigate the epidemiology, microbiology, and risk factors associated with mortality and multi-drug resistance bacterial bloodstream infections (BSIs) among adult cancer patients in Shiraz, Iran. We also report a four-year trend of antimicrobial resistance patterns of BSIs.

Methods

We conducted a retrospective study at a referral oncology hospital from July 2015 to August 2019, which included all adults with confirmed BSI.

Results

2393 blood cultures tested during the four-year study period; 414 positive cultures were included. The mean age of our patients was 47.57 ± 17.46 years old. Central Line-Associated BSI (CLABSI) was more common in solid tumors than patients with hematological malignancies. Gram-negative (GN) bacteria were more detected (63.3%, 262) than gram-positive bacteria (36.7%, 152). Escherichia coli was the most common gram-negative organism (123/262, 47%), followed by Pseudomonas spp. (82/262, 31%) and Klebsiella pneumoniae (38/262, 14.5%). Coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) was the most frequently isolated pathogen among gram-positive bacteria (83/152, 54.6%). Acinetobacter spp., Pseudomonas spp., E. coli, and K. pneumoniae were the most common Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamase (ESBL) producers (100, 96.2, 66.7%, and 60.7, respectively). Acinetobacter spp., Pseudomonas spp., Enterobacter spp., E. coli, and K. pneumoniae were the most common carbapenem-resistant (CR) isolates (77.8, 70.7, 33.3, 24.4, and 13.2%, respectively). Out of 257 Enterobacterales and non-fermenter gram-negative BSIs, 39.3% (101/257) were carbapenem-resistant. Although the incidence of multi-drug resistance (MDR) gram-negative BSI increased annually during 2015–2018, the mortality rate of gram-negative BSI remains unchanged at about 20% (p-value = 0.55); however, the mortality rate was significantly greater (35.4%) in those with resistant gram-positive BSI (p-value = 0.001). The overall mortality rate was 21.5%. Early (7-day mortality) and late mortality rate (30-day mortality) were 10 and 3.4%, respectively.

Conclusions

The emergence of MDR gram-negative BSI is a significant healthcare problem in oncology centers. The high proportion of the most frequently isolated pathogens were CR and ESBL-producing Enterobacterales and Pseudomonas spp. We have few effective choices against MDRGN BSI, especially in high-risk cancer patients, which necessitate newer treatment options.
Comparative cytokine profiling identifies common and unique serum cytokine responses in acute chikungunya and dengue virus infection
Authors: Dhenni Rama , Yohan Benediktus , Alisjahbana Bachti , Lucanus Anton , Riswari Silvita Fitri , Megawati Dewi , Haryanto Sotianingsih , Gampamole Dekrit , Hayati Rahma F. , Sari Kartika , Witari Ni Putu Diah , Myint Khin Saw Aye , Sasmono R. Tedjo
Published: July 2021

Background

Infection by chikungunya (CHIKV) and dengue virus (DENV) can cause a wide spectrum of clinical features, many of which are undifferentiated. Cytokines, which broadly also include chemokines and growth factors, have been shown to play a role in protective immunity as well as DENV and CHIKV pathogenesis. However, differences in cytokine response to both viruses remain poorly understood, especially in patients from countries where both viruses are endemic. Our study is therefore aimed to provide a comparative profiling of cytokine response induced by acute DENV and CHIKV infections in patients with similar disease stages and in experimental in vitro infections.

Methods

By using multiplex immunoassay, we compared host cytokine profiles between acute CHIKV and DENV infections by analysing serum cytokine levels of IL-1α, IL-4, IL-5, IL-8, IL-13, RANTES, MCP-3, eotaxin, PDGF-AB/BB, and FGF-2 from the sera of acute chikungunya and dengue fever patients. We further investigated the cytokine profile responses using experimental in vitro CHIKV and DENV infections of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs).

Results

We found that both CHIKV and DENV-infected patients had an upregulated level of IL-8 and IL-4, with the highest IL-4 level observed in DENV-2 infected patients. Higher IL-8 level was also correlated with lower platelet count in dengue patients. IL-13 and MCP-3 downregulation was observed only in chikungunya patients, while conversely PDGF-AB/BB and FGF-2 downregulation was unique in dengue patients. Age-associated differential expression of IL-13, MCP-3, and IL-5 was also observed, while distinct kinetics of IL-4, IL-8, and FGF-2 expression between CHIKV and DENV-infected patients were identified. Furthermore, the unique pattern of IL-8, IL-13 and MCP-3, but not IL-4 expression was also recapitulated using experimental in vitro infection in PBMCs.

Conclusions

Taken together, our study identified common cytokine response profile characterized by upregulation of IL-8 and IL-4 between CHIKV and DENV infection. Downregulation of IL-13 and MCP-3 was identified as a unique cytokine response profile of acute CHIKV infection, while distinct downregulation of PDGF-AB/BB and FGF-2 characterized the response from acute DENV infection. Our study provides an important overview of the host cytokine responses between CHIKV and DENV infection, which is important to further understand the mechanism and pathology of these diseases.
Vitamin D deficiency and visceral adipose tissue in early pregnant women
Authors: Cisneiros Rosangela , Segatto Juliana , Paixão Eloíse , Bacellar Ítalo , Lima Marcelo , Pacheco Álvaro , Alves João Guilherme , Bandeira Francisco
Published: July 2021

Background

We aimed to assess the correlation between vitamin D serum level and visceral fat tissue during early pregnancy.

Methods

This cross-sectional study was performed in Pernambuco, Brazil. 190 low risk pregnant women (8–16 gestational weeks) were eligible. Visceral adipose tissue was measured by ultrasonography following the technique described by Armellini. The 25(OH) D in serum was determined through chemiluminescence. The Spearman correlation test was applied to evaluate the correlation between vitamin D serum level and VAT, considering p < 0.05 to be significant.

Results

Vitamin D insufficiency was present in 129 (67.8 %) of subjects. Pregnant women with or without vitamin D deficiency did not differ in age, gestational age, nutritional status and visceral adipose tissue. No correlation between visceral adipose tissue and 25(OH) D was observed: − 0.057 (p = 0.435).

Conclusions

Maternal visceral adipose tissue and vitamin D serum level are not correlated during pregnancy.
The effectiveness of a Pilates exercise program during pregnancy on childbirth outcomes: a randomised controlled clinical trial
Authors: Ghandali Nasim Yousefi , Iravani Mina , Habibi Abdolhamid , Cheraghian Bahman
Published: July 2021

Background

Performing exercise with medium intensity has positive effects on the maternal health. The aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of Pilates exercise program during pregnancy on childbirth outcomes:

Methods

This clinical trial study was performed on 110 primiparous women who were randomly divided into two groups of intervention (n = 55) and control (n = 55). The intervention group performed Pilates exercises from 26 to 28 weeks of gestation for 8 weeks while the control group did not do any exercise. Data collection tools included Visual Analog Scale (VAS), Mackey Childbirth Satisfaction Rating Scale, and a checklist including demographic and obstetrics information.

Results

The results of the study showed that Pilates exercise during pregnancy significantly reduces the labor pain intensity, length of the active phase and second stage of labor and increases maternal satisfaction of the labor process (p < 0.05). Based on the Kaplan Meyer analysis, the mean whole length of labor was shorter in Pilates exercise group than in the control group (P = .004). There was no statistically significant difference between the two groups in terms of Episiotomy, type of delivery, first and fifth Apgar score of neonates (p > 0.05).

Conclusion

According to the results of this study, Pilates exercise during pregnancy improved the labor process and increased maternal satisfaction of chidbirthprocess, without causing complications for the mother and baby. However, studies with larger sample sizes are recommended to prove the efficacy and safty of this practiceduring labor.

Trial registration

IRCT registration number:IRCT20200126046266N1. Registration date: 2020-05-02 (retrospectively registered).
Efficacy of perioperative chemotherapy for synovial sarcoma: a retrospective analysis of a Nationwide database in Japan
Authors: Xu Gang , Aiba Hisaki , Yamamoto Norio , Hayashi Katsuhiro , Takeuchi Akihiko , Miwa Shinji , Higuchi Takashi , Abe Kensaku , Taniguchi Yuta , Araki Yoshihiro , Saito Shiro , Yoshimura Kenichi , Murakami Hideki , Tsuchiya Hiroyuki , Kawai Akira
Published: July 2021

Background

Synovial sarcoma is an aggressive but chemosensitive soft-tissue tumor. We retrospectively analyzed the efficacy of perioperative chemotherapy for synovial sarcoma with data from the nationwide database, Bone and Soft Tissue Tumor Registry in Japan.

Methods

This study included 316 patients diagnosed with synovial sarcoma between 2006 and 2012. Oncologic outcomes were analyzed using a Cox-hazard regression model. Moreover, the effects of perioperative chemotherapy on outcomes were evaluated using a matched-pair analysis. The oncologic outcomes of patients who did or did not receive chemotherapy were compared (cx + and cx-).

Results

Multivariate analysis revealed significant correlations of age (over 40, hazard ratio [HR] = 0.61, p = 0.043), margin status (marginal resection, HR = 0.18, p < 0.001 and intralesional resection, HR = 0.30, p = 0.013 versus wide resection) with overall survival; surgical margin type (marginal resection, HR = 0.14, p = 0.001 and intralesional resection, HR = 0.09, p = 0.035 versus wide resection) with local recurrence; and postoperative local recurrence (HR = 0.30, p = 0.027) and surgical margin (marginal resection, HR = 0.31, p = 0.023 versus wide resection) with distant relapse-free survival.

Before propensity score matching, perioperative chemotherapy was mainly administered for young patients and patients with deeper tumor locations, larger tumors, more advanced-stage disease, and trunk location. The 3-year overall survival, local control, and distant relapse-free survival rates were 79.8%/89.3% (HR = 0.64, p = 0.114), 89.6%/93.0% (HR = 0.37, p = 0.171) and 71.4%/84.5% (HR = 0.60, p = 0.089) in the cx+/cx- groups, respectively. After propensity score matching, 152 patients were selected such that the patient demographics were nearly identical in both groups. The 3-year overall survival, local control, and distant relapse-free survival rates were 71.5%/86.0% (HR = 0.48, p = 0.055), 92.5%/93.3% (HR = 0.51, p = 0.436) and 68.4%/83.9% (HR = 0.47, p = 0.046) in the cx+/cx- groups, respectively.

Conclusion

This large-sample study indicated that the margin status and postoperative disease control were associated directly or indirectly with improved oncologic outcomes. However, the efficacy of perioperative chemotherapy for survival outcomes in synovial sarcoma patients was not proven in this Japanese database analysis.
Prediction of early vascular cement leakage following percutaneous vertebroplasty in spine metastases: the Peking University First Hospital Score (PUFHS)
Authors: Shi Xuedong , Cui Yunpeng , Pan Yuanxing , Wang Bing , Lei Mingxing
Published: July 2021

Background

Cement leakage into venous blood posed significant challenge to surgeons. The aim of the study was to create a Peking University First Hospital Score (PUFHS) which could evaluate the probability of vascular cement leakage among spine metastases patients following percutaneous vertebroplasty.

Methods

The study retrospectively enrolled 272 spine metastases patients treated with percutaneous vertebroplasty. We randomly extracted all enrolled patients as the training or validation group and baseline characteristic comparison was assessed between the two groups. Creation of the PUFHS was performed in the training group and validation of the PUFHS was performed in the validation group.

Results

Of all the 272 patients, the total number of included vertebrae was 632 and the median treated levels were 2 per patient. Vascular cement leakage occurred in 26.47% (72/272) of patients. The baseline characteristics were comparable between the two groups (P > 0.05). Three risk predictors (primary cancer types, number of treated vertebrae levels, and vertebrae collapse) were included in the PUFHS. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) of the PUFHS was 0.71 in the training group and 0.69 in the validation group. The corresponding correct classification rates were 73.0 and 70.1%, respectively. The calibration slope was 0.78 (95% confidence interval[CI]: 0.45–1.10) in the training group and 1.10 (95% CI: 0.73–1.46) in the validation group. The corresponding intercepts were 0.06 (95% CI: − 0.04–0.17) and − 0.0079 (95% CI: − 0.11–0.092), respectively.

Conclusions

Vascular cement leakage is common among spine metastases after percutaneous vertebroplasty. The PUFHS can calculate the probability of vascular cement leakage, which can be a useful tool to inform surgeons about vascular cement leakage risk in advance.
Outcomes of renal cell carcinoma with associated venous tumor thrombus: experience from a large cohort and short time span in a single center
Authors: Chen Zhigang , Yang Feilong , Ge Liyuan , Qiu Min , Liu Zhuo , Liu Cheng , Tian Xiaojun , Zhang Shudong , Ma Lulin
Published: July 2021

Background

The surgical management and outcomes of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) with venous tumor thrombus (VTT) have been reported in limited sample size, and there remain discrepancies over the factors that influence oncologic outcomes after radical nephrectomy with thrombectomy (RNTE). The aim of the study was to analyze the outcomes of the patients with RCC with VTT in our institution and identify the independent prognostic factors.

Methods

Patients with RCC with VTT were enrolled for the study from February 2015 to December 2018. All patients underwent RNTE. Clinical data were compared using Mann-Whitney U test and the chi-square test for continuous and categorical variables respectively. Survival analysis was estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method. Univariable and multivariable survival analyses were performed using Cox regression model.

Results

121 patients (91 men & 30 women) were identified with a median age of 60 years. VTT level was 0 in 25 patients, I in 20, II in 50, III in 12 and IV in 14. The median follow-up time was 24 months. During the follow-up period, 51 (42%) patients died and 69 (57%) patients experienced recurrence or metastasis. The 3-year and 5-year over-all survival (OS) were 58 and 39%. Among the several factors examined, positive lymph node (P = 0.016), metastasis at surgery (P = 0.034), tumor necrosis (P = 0.023) and sarcomatoid differentiation (P < 0.001) were demonstrated as independent significant risk factors on multivariable analysis.

Conclusion

The OS was poor for patients with RCC with VTT. Rather than VTT level, positive lymph node, metastasis at surgery, tumor necrosis and sarcomatoid differentiation were independent prognostic predictors.
COMmunity PARticipation through Education (COMPARE): effectiveness of supported education for students with mental health problems, a mixed methods study – study protocol for a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Hofstra Jacomijn , van der Velde Jorien , Havinga Petra Jannette , Korevaar Lies
Published: July 2021

Background

The onset of mental health problems generally occurs between the ages of 16 and 23 – the years in which young people follow post-secondary education, which is a major channel in our society to prepare for a career and enhance life goals. Several studies have shown that students with mental health problems have a higher chance of early school leaving. Supported Education services have been developed to support students with mental health problems to remain at school. The current project aims to study the effect of an individually tailored Supported Education intervention on remaining at school, study success, and satisfaction of students with mental health problems studying at an institute for intermediate vocational education and a university of applied sciences in the Netherlands.

Methods/design

The design combines quantitative research (Randomized Controlled Trial; RCT) with qualitative research (monitoring, interviews, focus groups). One hundred students with mental health problems recruited from the two educational institutes will be randomly allocated to either the intervention or control condition. The students in the intervention condition receive the Supported Education intervention given by a Supported Education specialist, the students in the active control condition receive support as usual plus advice from a trained staff member on potential supportive resources regarding studying with mental health problems. The primary outcome ‘remaining at school’, and the secondary outcome ‘study success’ will be determined using data from the school’s administration. The secondary outcome ‘student satisfaction’ and other variables that will be studied in a more exploratory way, such as self-efficacy and study skills, will be determined through online questionnaires at baseline, at 6 and at 12 months follow-up. Focus groups and interviews with the students and Supported Education specialists will be carried out to complement the trial.

Discussion

This RCT is the first to assess the effect of Supported Education on remaining at school, next to study success and student satisfaction among students with mental health problems. The use of a mixed-methods design will result in a thorough evaluation of the effect of the intervention. Issues regarding the influx and possible attrition of students in the follow-up are discussed.

Trial registration

The study was registered with Trialregister.nl, no. NL8349, date registered: February 4th 2020. Register name: Community participation through education. Effectiveness of Supported Education for youth with mental health problems, a mixed methods study – Study protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial.

Protocol Version: 3, date: May 28th, 2021.
Adolescent psychopathology and psychological wellbeing: a network analysis approach
Authors: Campbell Stephanie , Osborn Tom L.
Published: July 2021

Background

The extent to which psychological wellbeing may play a preventive and therapeutic role in the development and maintenance of adolescent emotional disorders depends, in part, on the nature of the overlap between these two constructs. We estimated network analysis to examine the relationship between adolescent psychopathology (measured by depression and anxiety symptoms) and psychological wellbeing (measured by happiness, optimism, social support, perceived control, and gratitude).

Methods

This was a cross-sectional study with a large community sample of Kenyan adolescents (N = 2192, aged 13–18). Network analyses were conducted to examine the topology, stability, centrality, and bridge nodes of a network of psychopathology and psychological wellbeing measures.

Results

Two distinct community clusters emerged, one for psychopathology nodes and another for wellbeing nodes, suggesting that these are two distinct but connected concepts. Central and bridge nodes of the wellbeing and psychopathology network were identified. The most central nodes in the network were family provides emotional help and support and self-blame; the strongest negative edges between psychopathology and psychological wellbeing were depressed mood—I love life and irritability—I am a joyful person; the main bridge nodes were family helps me and I can talk to family about problems.

Conclusions

Our findings expand understanding of the relationship between psychopathology and wellbeing in an understudied population and are suggestive of how psychological wellbeing can inform psychopathological treatment and preventive efforts in low-income regions such as those in Sub Saharan Africa.
Suicide in Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada: a time trend analysis from 1981 to 2018
Authors: Pollock Nathaniel J. , Liu Li , Wilson Margo M. , Reccord Charlene , Power Nicole D. , Mulay Shree , Karaivanov Yordan , Tonmyr Lil
Published: July 2021

Background

The suicide rate in Canada decreased by 24% during the past four decades. However, rates vary between provinces and territories, and not all jurisdictions experienced the same changes. This study examined suicide rates over time in the province of Newfoundland and Labrador.

Methods

We used cross-sectional surveillance data from the Canadian Vital Statistics Death Database to examine suicide rates in Newfoundland and Labrador from 1981 to 2018. We calculated annual age-standardized suicide mortality rates and used joinpoint regression to estimate the average annual percent change (AAPC) in suicide rates overall and by sex, age group, and means of suicide.

Results

From 1981 to 2018, 1759 deaths by suicide were recorded among people in Newfoundland and Labrador. The age-standardized suicide mortality rate increased more than threefold over the study period, from 4.6 to 15.4 deaths per 100,000. The suicide rate was higher among males than females, and accounted for 83.1% of suicide deaths (n = 1462); the male-to-female ratio of suicide deaths was 4.9 to 1. The average annual percent change in suicide rates was higher among females than males (6.3% versus 2.0%). Age-specific suicide rates increased significantly for all age groups, except seniors (aged 65 or older); the largest increase was among youth aged 10 to 24 years old (AAPC 3.5; 95% CI, 1.6 to 5.5). The predominant means of suicide was hanging/strangulation/suffocation, which accounted for 43.8% of all deaths by suicide.

Conclusions

The suicide rate in Newfoundland and Labrador increased steadily between 1981 and 2018, which was in contrast to the national rate decline. The disparity between the provincial and national suicide rates and the variations by sex and age underscore the need for a public health approach to prevention that accounts for geographic and demographic differences in the epidemiology of suicide.
Clinical impact and imaging results after a modified procedure of ACDF: a prospective case-controlled study based on ninety cases with two-year follow-up
Authors: Wang Shunmin , Zhu Jian , Sun Kaiqiang , Chen Rongzi , Cao Jie , You Ruijin , Liu Aigang , Zhao Feng , Shi Jiangang
Published: July 2021

Study design

This is a prospective case-controlled study.

Background

To analyze the postoperative axial pain and cage subsidence of patients presenting with cervical spondylotic myelopathy (CSM) after a modified procedure of ACDF (mACDF).

Methods

Ninety patients with CSM were prospectively collected from 2014 to 2018. The patients were divided into spread group and non-spread group (48:42 ratio) according to the cage placement with or without releasing the Caspar cervical retractor after decompression. Spread group received conventional ACDF and non-spread group received mACDF. Patients were followed-up for at least 24 months after surgery. Radiologic data, including height of intervertebral space and Cobb Angle, were collected. Nervous system function was obtained using JOA scores, and level of pain was assessed using VAS scores.

Results

A total of 90 patients were enrolled and the patients were divided into spread group (n = 48) and none-spread group(n = 42). Cage subsidence of (spread group vs none-spread group) was (0.82 ± 0.68 vs 0.58 ± 0.81) mm, (0.64 ± 0.77 vs 0.34 ± 0.46) mm, (0.48 ± 0.43 vs 0.25 ± 0.28) mm, and (0.45 ± 0.47 vs 0.17 ± 0.32) mm at 3 months, 6 months, 12 months and 24 months, respectively. The period exhibiting the most decrease of the height of intervertebral space was 3 months postoperatively. However, there was no statistical difference in the height of intervertebral space, JOA or VAS scores at the final follow-up between the two groups.

Conclusions

The mACDF can avoid excessive distraction by releasing the Caspar Cervical retractor, restore the “natural height” of cervical vertebra, relieve immediate pain after surgery, and prevent rapid Cage subsidence and the loss of cervical curvature.
Madelung’s disease in a non-alcoholic Ethiopian male patient mistaken for obesity: a case report
Authors: Zewde Yared Zenebe
Published: July 2021

Background

Madelung’s disease (MD) is a rare disorder of fat storage characterized by the presence of diffuse, symmetrical deposition of subcutaneous fat around the neck, shoulder, arm, trunk and thigh. Although its cause is not fully understood, this benign condition is commonly presented among adult males with Mediterranean origin and history of alcohol abuse. Patients often presents with compression of vital structures, cosmetic disfigurement and associated psychosocial problems and systemic comorbidities. It is often under-recognized by physicians, possibly due to obliviousness of the condition and often misdiagnosed as obesity.

Case presentation

We present a 65-year-old non-alcoholic black Ethiopian man, presented with a slowly growing body fat in his trunk and proximal limbs associated by multiple joint and back pain which got worse recently. He denied any history of chronic alcohol use. On examination, huge, bilateral, non-tender, soft, globular masses in his torso, shoulder, arm and thigh with bilateral breast enlargement. On investigation his biochemical profile was normal except hyperuricemia (10.6 mg/dl). Imaging of the cervical and lumbar vertebrae showed excess subcutaneous fat depositions with degenerative disc disease. Biopsy from the mass revealed non-encapsulated lipoma and he was diagnosed with type II MD. We treated his pain with supportive therapy and discharged in stable condition. The patient deferred surgical treatment.

Conclusions

Madelung’s disease is often reported among white adult males with chronic alcoholism. However, our case reported a black man without the typical risk factor which was misdiagnosed as obesity. Hence, clinicians should be aware of MD and need to consider it in their differential diagnosis when encountered with a patient having progressive centripetal fat deposition with or without a history of alcoholism and systemic comorbidities. As early detection of this disorder helps to avoid diagnostic delays and prevent complications through timely interventions which will in turn improves patient quality of life.
Immunomodulatory, trypanocide, and antioxidant properties of essential oil fractions of Lippia alba (Verbenaceae)
Authors: Quintero Wendy Lorena , Moreno Erika Marcela , Pinto Sandra Milena Leal , Sanabria Sandra Milena , Stashenko Elena , García Liliana Torcoroma
Published: July 2021

Background

Parasite persistence, exacerbated and sustained immune response, and continuous oxidative stress have been described to contribute to the development of the cardiac manifestations in Chronic Chagas Disease. Nevertheless, there are no efficient therapies to resolve the Trypanosoma cruzi infection and prevent the disease progression. Interestingly, trypanocide, antioxidant, and immunodulatory properties have been reported separately for some major terpenes, as citral (neral plus geranial), limonene, and caryophyllene oxide, presents in essential oils (EO) extracted from two chemotypes (Citral and Carvone) of Lippia alba. The aim of this study was to obtain L. alba essential oil fractions enriched with the aforementioned bioactive terpenes and to evaluate the impact of these therapies on trypanocide, oxidative stress, mitochondrial bioenergetics, genotoxicity, and inflammatory markers on T. cruzi-infected macrophages.

Methods

T. cruzi-infected J774A.1 macrophage were treated with limonene-enriched (ACT1) and citral/caryophyllene oxide-enriched (ACT2) essential oils fractions derived from Carvone and Citral-L. alba chemotypes, respectively.

Results

ACT1 (IC50 = 45 ± 1.7 μg/mL) and ACT2 (IC50 = 80 ± 1.9 μg/mL) exhibit similar trypanocidal effects to Benznidazole (BZN) (IC50 = 48 ± 2.5 μg/mL), against amastigotes. Synergistic antiparasitic activity was observed when ACT1 was combined with BZN (∑FIC = 0.52 ± 0.13 μg/mL) or ACT2 (∑FIC = 0.46 ± 1.7 μg/mL). ACT1 also decreased the oxidative stress, mitochondrial metabolism, and genotoxicity of the therapies. The ACT1 + ACT2 and ACT1 + BZN experimental treatments reduced the pro-inflammatory cytokines (IFN-γ, IL-2, and TNF-α) and increased the anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-4 and IL-10).

Conclusion

Due to its highly trypanocidal and immunomodulatory properties, ACT1 (whether alone or in combination with BZN or ACT2) represents a promising L. alba essential oil fraction for further studies in drug development towards the Chagas disease control.
A radiosensitizer, gallotannin-rich extract from Bouea macrophylla seeds, inhibits radiation-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition in breast cancer cells
Authors: Kantapan Jiraporn , Paksee Siwaphon , Duangya Aphidet , Sangthong Padchanee , Roytrakul Sittiruk , Krobthong Sucheewin , Suttana Wipob , Dechsupa Nathupakorn
Published: July 2021

Background

Radioresistance can pose a significant obstacle to the effective treatment of breast cancers. Epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a critical step in the acquisition of stem cell traits and radioresistance. Here, we investigated whether Maprang seed extract (MPSE), a gallotannin-rich extract of seed from Bouea macrophylla Griffith, could inhibit the radiation-induced EMT process and enhance the radiosensitivity of breast cancer cells.

Methods

Breast cancer cells were pre-treated with MPSE before irradiation (IR), the radiosensitizing activity of MPSE was assessed using the colony formation assay. Radiation-induced EMT and stemness phenotype were identified using breast cancer stem cells (CSCs) marker (CD24−/low/CD44+) and mammosphere formation assay. Cell motility was determined via the wound healing assay and transwell migration. Radiation-induced cell death was assessed via the apoptosis assay and SA-β-galactosidase staining for cellular senescence. CSCs- and EMT-related genes were confirmed by real-time PCR (qPCR) and Western blotting.

Results

Pre-treated with MPSE before irradiation could reduce the clonogenic activity and enhance radiosensitivity of breast cancer cell lines with sensitization enhancement ratios (SERs) of 2.33 and 1.35 for MCF7 and MDA-MB231cells, respectively. Pretreatment of breast cancer cells followed by IR resulted in an increased level of DNA damage maker (γ-H2A histone family member) and enhanced radiation-induced cell death. Irradiation induced EMT process, which displayed a significant EMT phenotype with a down-regulated epithelial marker E-cadherin and up-regulated mesenchymal marker vimentin in comparison with untreated breast cancer cells. Notably, we observed that pretreatment with MPSE attenuated the radiation-induced EMT process and decrease some stemness-like properties characterized by mammosphere formation and the CSC marker. Furthermore, pretreatment with MPSE attenuated the radiation-induced activation of the pro-survival pathway by decrease the expression of phosphorylation of ERK and AKT and sensitized breast cancer cells to radiation.

Conclusion

MPSE enhanced the radiosensitivity of breast cancer cells by enhancing IR-induced DNA damage and cell death, and attenuating the IR-induced EMT process and stemness phenotype via targeting survival pathways PI3K/AKT and MAPK in irradiated breast cancer cells. Our findings describe a novel strategy for increasing the efficacy of radiotherapy for breast cancer patients using a safer and low-cost natural product, MPSE.