bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Energy Requirements of Male Academy Soccer Players from the English Premier League
Authors: HANNON MARCUS P. , PARKER LLOYD J. F. , CARNEY DANIEL J. , MCKEOWN JOHN , SPEAKMAN JOHN R. , HAMBLY CATHERINE , DRUST BARRY , UNNITHAN VISWANATH B. , CLOSE GRAEME L. , MORTON JAMES P.
Published: July 2020

Purpose

This study aimed to inform the energy requirements of highly trained adolescent soccer players. Total energy expenditure (TEE) was quantified in academy soccer players from the English Premier League (EPL).

Methods

Twenty-four male adolescent soccer players from an EPL academy (under (U) 12/13 (U12/13), n = 8; U15, n = 8; U18, n = 8) were assessed for baseline maturity (maturity offset), body composition (dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry), and resting metabolic rate (indirect calorimetry). Subsequently, TEE, energy intake (EI) and physical loading patterns were assessed over a 14-d in-season period using doubly labeled water, the remote food photographic method, and global positioning system technology, respectively.

Results

U18 players presented with greater resting metabolic rate (2236 ± 93 kcal·d−1) and TEE (3586 ± 487 kcal·d−1; range, 2542–5172 kcal·d−1) than did both U15 (2023 ± 162 and 3029 ± 262 kcal·d−1, respectively; TEE range, 2738–3726 kcal·d−1) and U12/13 players (1892 ± 211 and 2859 ± 265 kcal·d−1, respectively; TEE range, 2275–3903 kcal·d−1; all, P < 0.01), although no difference in TEE was apparent between the U12/13 and U15 age groups. Fat-free mass was significantly different between all comparisons in a hierarchal manner (U18: 57.2 ± 6.1 kg > U15: 42.9 ± 5.8 kg > U12/13: 31.1 ± 3.5 kg; all, P < 0.01). Within age groups, no differences were apparent between EI and TEE (U12/13: −29 ± 277 kcal·d−1, P = 0.78; U15: −134 ± 327 kcal·d−1, P = 0.28; U18: −243 ± 724 kcal·d−1, P = 0.37), whereas U18 players (3180 ± 279 kcal·d−1) reported higher EI than did both U15 (2821 ± 338 kcal·d−1; P = 0.05) and U12/13 players (2659 ± 187 kcal·d−1; P < 0.01).

Conclusions

The TEE of male academy soccer players progressively increase as players progress through the academy age groups. In some individuals (evident in all age groups), TEE was greater than that previously observed in adult EPL soccer players.
CCL2 and IL18 expressions may associate with the anti-proliferative effect of noncontact electro capacitive cancer therapy in vivo
Authors: Pratiwi Rarastoeti , Antara Nyoman Yudi , Fadliansyah Lalu Gunawan , Ardiansyah Syamsul Arif , Nurhidayat Luthfi , Sholikhah Eti Nurwening , Sunarti Sunarti , Widyarini Sitarina , Fadhlurrahman Ahmad Ghitha , Fatmasari Hindana , Tunjung Woro Anindito Sri , Haryana Sofia Mubarika , Alamsyah Firman , Taruno Warsito Purwo
Published: July 2020

Background: Noncontact Electro Capacitive Cancer Therapy (ECCT) is a novel treatment modality in cancer. Chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2 (CCL2) has a major role in the outgrowth of metastatic breast cancer. Interleukin 18 (IL18) plays a role in macrophage alteration, which leads to excessive angiogenesis. This study aims to elaborate on the association of CCL2, IL18, IL23α, and TNF-α (tumor necrosis factor-alpha) expression with the anti-proliferative effect of ECCT in rat breast tumor tissue.  

Methods: Low intensity (18 Vpp) and intermediate frequency (150 kHz) alternating current-electric field (AC-EF) between two capacitive electrodes were exposed as external EF to a rat cage. Twenty-four rats were divided into four groups of six replicates. Breast tumor tissues were collected from 7, 12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA)-induced rats. Two groups were non DMBA-induced rats without ECCT exposure (NINT) and with (NIT). The other two groups were DMBA-induced rats without ECCT exposure (INT) and with (IT). Mammary glands and breast tumor tissues were collected from each group and preserved. Hematoxylin-eosin and immunohistochemistry staining were performed on paraffin sections of tissues using anti-PCNA, anti-ErbB2, anti-Caspase3, and anti-CD68. CCL2, IL18, IL23α, and TNF-α mRNA relative expressions were analyzed using qRT-PCR.

Results: ECCT exposure may cause the reduction of PCNA protein expression as well as ErbB2 on breast tumor tissues, but it causes the increase of Caspase3 and macrophage CD68 protein. In rat breast tumor tissues of IT groups, the mRNA expression of CCL2 and IL18 are significantly down-regulated, in contrast with the up-regulated expression of these cytokines in tumor tissues of the INT group. IL23α and TNF- α expression remained similar in both groups.

Conclusion: CCL2 and IL18 expressions have an association with the inhibition of breast tumor cell proliferation affected by ECCT exposure
Methods used to meta-analyse results from interrupted time series studies: A methodological systematic review protocol
Authors: Korevaar Elizabeth , Karahalios Amalia , Forbes Andrew B. , Turner Simon L. , McDonald Steve , Taljaard Monica , Grimshaw Jeremy M. , Cheng Allen C. , Bero Lisa , McKenzie Joanne E.
Published: July 2020

Background: Systematic reviews are used to inform healthcare decision making. In reviews that aim to examine the effects of organisational, policy change or public health interventions, or exposures, evidence from interrupted time series (ITS) studies may be included. A core component of many systematic reviews is meta-analysis, which is the statistical synthesis of results across studies. There is currently a lack of guidance informing the choice of meta-analysis methods for combining results from ITS studies, and there have been no studies examining the meta-analysis methods used in practice. This study therefore aims to describe current meta-analysis methods used in a cohort of reviews of ITS studies.

Methods: We will identify the 100 most recent reviews (published between 1 January 2000 and 11 October 2019) that include meta-analyses of ITS studies from a search of eight electronic databases covering several disciplines (public health, psychology, education, economics). Study selection will be undertaken independently by two authors. Data extraction will be undertaken by one author, and for a random sample of the reviews, two authors. From eligible reviews we will extract details at the review level including discipline, type of interruption and any tools used to assess the risk of bias / methodological quality of included ITS studies; at the meta-analytic level we will extract type of outcome, effect measure(s), meta-analytic methods, and any methods used to re-analyse the individual ITS studies. Descriptive statistics will be used to summarise the data.

Conclusions: This review will describe the methods used to meta-analyse results from ITS studies. Results from this review will inform future methods research examining how different meta-analysis methods perform, and ultimately, the development of guidance.
A miRNA screen procedure identifies garz as an essential factor in adult glia functions and validates Drosophila as a beneficial 3Rs model to study glial functions and GBF1 biology
Authors: Gonçalves-Pimentel Catarina , Mazaud David , Kottler Benjamin , Proelss Sandra , Hirth Frank , Fanto Manolis
Published: July 2020

Invertebrate glia performs most of the key functions controlled by mammalian glia in the nervous system and provides an ideal model for genetic studies of glial functions. To study the influence of adult glial cells in ageing we have performed a genetic screen in Drosophila using a collection of transgenic lines providing conditional expression of micro-RNAs (miRNAs). Here, we describe a methodological algorithm to identify and rank genes that are candidate to be targeted by miRNAs that shorten lifespan when expressed in adult glia. We have used four different databases for miRNA target prediction in Drosophila but find little agreement between them, overall. However, top candidate gene analysis shows potential to identify essential genes involved in adult glial functions. One example from our top candidates’ analysis is gartenzwerg (garz). We establish that garz is necessary in many glial cell types, that it affects motor behaviour and, at the sub-cellular level, is responsible for defects in cellular membranes, autophagy and mitochondria quality control. We also verify the remarkable conservation of functions between garz and its mammalian orthologue, GBF1, validating the use of Drosophila as an alternative 3Rs-beneficial model to knock-out mice for studying the biology of GBF1, potentially involved in human neurodegenerative diseases.
Estimating the impact of pneumococcal conjugate vaccines on childhood pneumonia in sub-Saharan Africa: A systematic review
Authors: Onwuchekwa Chukwuemeka , Edem Bassey , Williams Victor , Oga Emmanuel
Published: July 2020

Background: This study aimed to summarise the evidence on the impact of routine administration of 10-valent and 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccines on pneumonia in children under five years of age in sub-Saharan Africa.

Methods: A systematic search of the literature was conducted including primary research reporting on the impact of 10- or 13-valent pneumococcal vaccines on childhood pneumonia in a sub-Saharan African country. Case-control, cohort, pre-post and time-series study designs were eligible for inclusion. Thematic narrative synthesis was carried out to summarise the findings.

Results: Eight records were included in the final analysis, 6 records were pre-post or time-series studies, 1 was a case-control study and 1 report combined pre-post and case-control studies. Vaccine impact on clinical pneumonia measured as percentage reduction in risk (%RR) was mostly non-significant. The reduction in risk was more consistent in radiological and pneumococcal pneumonia.

Conclusions: Evidence of the positive impact of routine infant pneumococcal vaccination on clinical pneumonia incidence in sub-Saharan Africa is inconclusive. Ongoing surveillance and further research is required to establish the long term trend in pneumonia epidemiology and aetiology after PCV introduction.

PROSPERO registration: CRD42019142369 30/09/19
Case Report: Co-existence of sarcoidosis and Takayasu arteritis
Authors: Poudel Jiwan , Risal Ujjwol , Sigdel Keshav Raj , Paudyal Buddhi Prasad , Adhikari Sudeep , Basnyat Buddha
Published: July 2020

Takayasu arteritis is a rare systemic large vessel vasculitis affecting the aorta and its branches. Sarcoidosis, too, is an inflammatory disease. Both entities are granulomatous conditions with a questionable association in their etiopathogenesis. Only a few cases of their coexistence have been reported in the literature. To our knowledge, no such cases have been reported from Nepal. We report a Nepalese woman who presented with non-productive cough, progressive shortness of breath and chest tightness of 3 years duration. She had a history of recurrent bilateral granulomatous uveitis over the previous 3 years. Examination revealed clubbing of digits, absent pulses over the left radial, ulnar and brachial arteries, and a weak pulse over the right arm including the bilateral carotid arteries. Pulmonary function test showed restrictive pattern, a high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) scan of the chest revealed findings suggestive of pulmonary sarcoidosis. A CT angiogram suggested large vessel vasculitis. Bronchoscopy with biopsy revealed granulomatous inflammation, negative for malignancy and tuberculosis. She was hence, diagnosed with co-existing Takayasu arteritis and sarcoidosis, and treated with Prednisolone 60 mg once daily with dramatic improvement over 4 days and was discharged stable on domiciliary oxygen. She is currently on azathioprine 50 mg, prednisolone 10 mg without the need for supplemental oxygen. This case report highlights the importance of a proper physical examination as a guide to the use of modern technology in making a correct diagnosis. Furthermore, in countries where tuberculosis is endemic, it should always come as the most important differential diagnosis of granulomatous inflammation.
Tactical and special training
Authors: Osetrov Georgiy
Published: July 2020

Presents the main components of tactical and special training. Considered tasks solved by forces and means of internal troops of the internal Affairs bodies and other territorial units with the threat of emergency situations and the establishment of a state of emergency for the protection of individuals, society and the state in terms of both the peaceful and military time.
For the students trained on a speciality "Economic security".
Fake News, Investor Attention, and Market Reaction
Authors: Clarke Jonathan , Chen Hailiang , Du Ding , Hu Yu Jeffrey
Published: July 2020

Does fake news in financial markets attract more investor attention and have a significant impact on stock prices? The authors use the SEC crackdown of stock promotion schemes in April 2017 to examine investor attention and the stock price reaction to fake news articles. Using data from Seeking Alpha, the authors find that fake news stories generate significantly more attention than a control sample of legitimate articles. The authors find no evidence that article commenters can detect fake news, and they find that Seeking Alpha editors have only modest ability to detect fake news. However, the authors implement several well-known machine learning algorithms based on linguistic characteristics and show that machine learning algorithms can successfully identify fake news. In addition, the stock market appears to price fake news correctly. While abnormal trading volume increases around the release of fake news, the increase is less than that observed for legitimate news. The stock price reaction to fake news is discounted when compared with legitimate news articles.
OLHAR “NATIVO” E “ESTRANGEIRO”: UMA BREVE ANÁLISE DO CINEMA NO COMPLEXO DO ALEMÃO
Authors: CAVALCANTE EDILANO MOREIRA
Published: July 2020

Resumo: Trata-se de uma Análise de dois filmes brasileiros, gravados no mesmo ano sobre o Complexo do Alemão, no Rio de Janeiro, porém com olhares cinematográficos representativos distintos, aqui chamados de “nativo” e “estrangeiro”. Analisaremos os filmes Copa Pra Alemão ver (2014) dirigido e roteirizado por um grupo de jovens moradores do Complexo do Alemão, e o filme Alemão (2014) dirigido pelo cineasta Eduardo Belmonte e roteirizado por Gabriel Martins, com intuito de entender como se constrói uma narrativa cinematográfica sobre determinado local, a partir dos olhares externos, aqui chamado de estrangeiro e o olhar interno, aqui chamado de nativo
Intravital longitudinal imaging of hepatic lipid droplet accumulation in a murine model for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease
Authors: Moon Jieun , Kong Eunji , Lee Jingu , Jung Jinjoo , Kim Eunha , Park Seung Bum , Kim Pilhan
Published: July 2020

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a rapidly increasing chronic liver disorder worldwide accompanied by hepatic steatosis, inflammation, fibrosis, and severe liver failure. Unfortunately, an effective treatment strategy for NAFLD has not yet been established, which has been hampered by the limited understanding of the pathophysiological drivers for NAFLD. To examine the unknown cellular and molecular mechanisms in the pathogenesis of NAFLD, there is an increasing need for the direct in vivo observation of hepatic microenvironments over extended periods of time. In this work, using a custom-built intravital imaging system and a novel fluorescent lipid droplet labeling dye, Seoul-Fluor 44 (SF44), we established an intravital imaging method to visualize individual lipid droplets and microvasculature simultaneously in the liver of live mice in vivo. In addition, in the nonalcoholic steatosis and steatohepatitis mouse model induced by a methionine and choline-deficient diet, we longitudinally visualized and quantitatively analyzed the development of lipid droplets in hepatocytes and sinusoid at a subcellular resolution during the progression of NAFLD up to 21 days in vivo.
Online parameter tuning of the flow classification method in the energy-efficient data center network “HOLST”
Authors: Murakami Masaki , Kubokawa Hiroki , Sugiura Kyosuke , Oki Eiji , Okamoto Satoru , Yamanaka Naoaki
Published: July 2020

An online parameter-tuning method for the energy-efficient data center network (DCN) named HOLST (high-speed optical layer 1 switch system for time-slot-switching-based optical data center networks) is proposed. HOLST comprises an optical circuit switching network, optical slot switching network, and electrical packet switching network for the spine layer. It requires flows to be assigned to optimal switches to achieve high power savings. In this study, first we experimentally confirm that the change in the DCN characteristics in the short term of actual data center traffic downgrades the accuracy of flow classification. Subsequently, we propose a procedure for reconfiguring a flow classification function and a method for online parameter tuning for this function. Finally, the accuracy of the flow classification method using the proposed tuning and estimated switching energy consumption in the spine layer are evaluated. The proposed online parameter-tuning function increases the accuracy of flow classification and reduces switching energy consumption relative to the conventional flow classification function.
Fast volumetric fluorescence imaging with multimode fibers
Authors: Wen Zhong , Wang Liqiang , Zhang Xuanhao , Ma Yaoguang , Liu Xu , Kaminski Clemens F. , Yang Qing
Published: July 2020

In this Letter, we propose a compact multimode fiber endoscope which
employs wavefront shaping with a digital micromirror device (DMD). An
automated single calibration step allows us to correct for optical
misalignment, and the method achieves accurate focusing at various
depths in the sample through rapid switching of holographic patterns
by the DMD. The speed of calibration is one or two orders of magnitude
faster than existing methods. The method, single calibration multimode
fiber imaging (SCMFI), is compared with existing methods, and its
performance is validated. We show a near diffraction limited focusing
capability at imaging depths up to 110 µm with near constant lateral
resolutions of 1.4 µm. Finally, we demonstrate the method for the
imaging of small fluorescent beads embedded in a 3D matrix. The
results indicate excellent power penetration and focusing performance.
Combined with the high speed of SCMFI, this paves the way for
volumetric tissue endoscopy at depth.
Tailored micro-optical freeform holograms for integrated complex beam shaping
Authors: Schmidt Sören , Thiele Simon , Toulouse Andrea , Bösel Christoph , Tiess Tobias , Herkommer Alois , Gross Herbert , Giessen Harald
Published: July 2020

Modern optical measurement technologies such as structured light microscopy or fringe-projection profilometry rely fundamentally on structured illumination of the specimen or probe. Miniaturizing the applied illumination concept enables the availability of these methodologies even in spatial domains that have remained inaccessible so far. Here we introduce a design methodology to realize complex illumination patterns with high diffraction efficiencies in a strongly miniaturized and functional integrated approach. This is achieved by combining the advantages of refractive freeform wavefront tailoring and diffractive beam shaping. This novel concept overcomes classical stray light issues known from conventional diffractive beam shaping and remains valid for micro-optical systems, i.e., beyond the geometric optical regime. Moreover, the design process is in particular optimized to reduce the aspect ratio of the obtained surface features. This strongly improves the manufacturability and as-built performance of the designed optical element, and the feasibility of the approach is demonstrated by the design and realization of monolithic beam shaping units on the tips of optical fibers via two-photon direct laser writing. This provides the means to realize complex illumination patterns in an integrated and mechanically flexible approach.
Inteligencia emocional y felicidad subjetiva en estudiantes de Trabajo Social
Authors: Millán Franco Mario , Orgambídez Ramos Alejandro , Domínguez de la Rosa Laura , Martínez Martínez Sofía Louise
Published: July 2020

La felicidad subjetiva es uno de los indicadores de la calidad de vida laboral más importantes en Trabajo Social, que depende del desarrollo de la inteligencia emocional. El objetivo de este estudio fue analizar la relación entre inteligencia emocional (atención, claridad y reparación emocional) y felicidad subjetiva en una muestra de 187 estudiantes de Trabajo Social del sur de España (Edad media = 20.38 años, 89.30% mujeres), usando un diseño transversal y mediante el uso de cuestionarios. Mayores niveles de felicidad subjetiva se asociaron positiva y significativamente con mayores puntuaciones en claridad y reparación emocional, pero no con atención. La formación debería otorgar mayor peso a la inteligencia emocional. El desarrollo de la inteligencia emocional por medio de cursos implementados en facultades y en centros de servicios sociales posibilitaría a estudiantes y profesionales de Trabajo Social adquirir mecanismos de afrontamiento más eficaces y, por tanto, aumentar su felicidad y calidad de vida.
Detection and antibiotic resistance of Mycoplasma gallisepticum and Mycoplasma synoviae among chicken flocks in Egypt
Authors: Emam Marwa , Hashem Yousreya Mohamed , El-Hariri Mahmoud , El-Jakee Jakeen
Published: July 2020

Background and Aim: Mycoplasma gallisepticum (MG) and Mycoplasma synoviae (MS) are the most significant pathogens of avian mycoplasmosis. This study aimed to isolate and identify MG and MS from chickens and detect the various virulence genes in the isolates. Moreover, the efficacies of different antibiotics were tested to identify suitable treatment regimens.

Materials and Methods: We isolated MG and MS from 487 chicken samples of different ages located in different Governorates in Egypt using conventional isolation methods. The isolates were characterized by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and then tested for antibiotic sensitivity by the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) method.

Results: The prevalence of MG among the isolates was 9.85%, with the highest percentage isolated from air sacs, while the prevalence of MS among the isolates was 1.6%. Moreover, the highest levels of the prevalence of both MG and MS were during the winter and autumn sampling, while the lowest levels were in the summer and spring. Following the 16S rRNA-based detection of Mycoplasma isolates, 14 MG and 5 MS isolates were identified by different PCR-based detection methods for various virulence genes. Nine MG isolates contain the mgc2 gene, six MG isolates contain the gapA gene, and three MS isolates contain the vlhA gene. We validated a duplex PCR method for the simultaneous identification of MG and MS, based on 100% of the MG and MS isolates generating common bands at 55 and 17 kDa, respectively. The MIC method identified tiamulin and spiramycin as the antibiotics of choice for the treatment of MG and MS infections, respectively.

Conclusion: For more precise diagnosis of Mycoplasma infections in chicken flocks, conventional isolation methods must be confirmed by PCR. SDS-PAGE analysis helps in epidemiological studies and vaccine preparation. The MIC method can be used to help develop therapies to control avian mycoplasmosis infections.
Penetration depth study of 830 nm low-intensity laser therapy on living dog tissue
Authors: Kampa Naruepon , Jitpean Supranee , Seesupa Suvalak , Hoisang Somphong
Published: July 2020

Background and Aim: Recent studies have shown that low-intensity laser therapy (LILT) enhances chronic wound healing, reduces pain, reduces inflammation, and improves post-operative rehabilitation. However, clinical outcomes in the veterinary use of LILT vary between different experimental studies. This is explained by improper laser parameter settings and limits of its penetration depth. This study aimed to investigate the penetration depth of 830 nm LILT on living dog tissue in different operating modes. This entailed continuous wave (CW) versus pulse wave (PW) and with contact versus non-contact techniques of the laser probe at different tissue-laser probe distances. The results can be applied for use in clinical practice.

Materials and Methods: Twenty-four dogs that had undergone abdominal surgery were included in this study. The laser parameters were set at 200 mW, fluence of 4 J/cm2 and the laser power output denoted as mean output power (MOP) was measured by a power meter.

Results: The MOP of the 830 nm CW laser was significantly higher than the PW laser (p<0.05). The MOP of the contact technique was significantly greater than that of the non-contact technique in both CW and PW modes (p<0.05). The MOP through the skin tissue was between 16.09 and 18.60 mW (8.05-9.30%) for the contact technique and 8.73 and 19.36 mW (4.37-9.68%) for the non-contact technique. In the muscle-skin layer, the MOP was between 0.50 and 1.56 mW (0.25-0.78%) and the MOP was not detected using the non-contact technique with a 5 cm tissue-laser probe distance.

Conclusion: Our study indicates that 830 nm LILT (with laser parameter setting at 200 mW, fluence of 4 J/cm2 for both contact and non-contact techniques, and tissue-laser probe distance up to 5 cm) was appropriate for treatments within 14 mm of depth. However, the use of 830 nm LILT for an application in which the target tissue is deeper than 14 mm may limit its positive effect.
Phenotypic profile and role of cancer stem cells in uveal melanoma
Authors: Djirackor Luna
Published: July 2020

Uveal melanoma (UM) is the most common primary intraocular malignancy occurring in adults. Despite successful treatment of the primary tumour approximately 50% of patients develop liver metastases. Typically, liver metastases are detected 1-3 years after ocular treatment. Sometimes the metastasis appears 10 or even 20 years after primary tumour treatment. The reason for such latency is yet to be understood. One hypothesis is that a subset of stem-like cancer cells remain dormant and are reactivated after many years. They then proliferate and give rise to the bulk of the tumour. Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are cells with the capacity to divide asymmetrically to produce another CSC and a daughter cell that gives rise to the bulk of the tumour. In addition to the key properties of CSCs of self-renewal and differentiation, they also possess features that enable them to generate, maintain, enhance tumour growth and resist conventional therapy. These include expression of putative stem cell markers, activation of embryonic signalling pathways, anoikis resistance/anchorage independent growth, dye/drug efflux, and the ability to change their metabolic signature among others. The aims of this thesis were to identify CSCs in UM, particularly their phenotypic profile and role in this disease. To this end, I examined the expression of CSC and adhesion markers in normal choroidal melanocytes (NCM), UM cell lines and in primary UM cells (PUM) grown in adherent and non-adherent culture conditions. Several CSC markers; CD166, Nestin and CD271 were upregulated in high metastatic risk PUM compared with low metastatic risk PUM and NCM. Cells surviving anoikis showed increased expression of these markers. A tumour migration assay showed that a CD166high subpopulation isolated from a UM cell line had higher migratory capacity compared to the CD166low population. The data generated in this section identified putative CSC markers in UM. The results of this thesis also showed that neural crest (NC) developmental/embryonic markers are expressed in UM, suggesting that these primitive pathways may be reactivated in this tumour. Detailed investigations of Nestin, a neural stem cell marker in UM patient tissue showed that increased expression of Nestin significantly correlates with known poor prognostic factors, such as epithelioid cell morphology, high mitotic count, the presence of closed connective loops, monosomy 3 and polysomy 8q. Nestin is also expressed in metastatic UM (MUM), which together with previous studies showing Nestin expression in circulating tumour cells, suggests that Nestin may be used as a biomarker in high-risk UM patients for early detection of disseminated disease.
ANÁLISE TÉCNICA E BASE LEGAL PARA NÃO PAGAMENTO DE PEDÁGIO DE CAMINHÕES COM EIXO SUSPENSO EM RODOVIAS CONCEDIDAS
Authors: Alexandre de Souza e Silva Carlos , Torrão e Silva Letícia
Published: July 2020

Com a recente greve dos caminhoneiros a sociedade se deu conta da importância dessemodo de transporte na economia do país, pois foi afetada diretamente pelo desabastecimento em supermercados e se deparou com o aumento de preços dos produtosremanescentes. Desta paralisação originou a tão discutida tabela de frete e um maiorcontrole no preço do diesel, mas há outras concessões à categoria negociadas anteriormente, como o não pagamento de eixos suspensos. Este trabalho expõe o aspecto legalda cobrança de pedágio e retrata um levantamento na Rodovia mais importante do Brasil, expondo um retrato da utilização do benefício do não pagamento de pedágio para oseixos suspensos.
Untangling the Threads of Gottfried Semper's Legacy in Le Corbusier's Formative Years
Authors: Mantilla José Miguel
Published: July 2020

Direct evidence for Le Corbusier’s encounters with the writings of nineteenth-century German architect and theorist Gottfried Semper is limited to a few brief early mentions in the archival record, and connections between the two men have been mentioned only rarely by historians and others interested in Le Corbusier’s work. In Untangling theThreads of Gottfried Semper’s Legacy in Le Corbusier’s Formative Years, José Miguel Mantilla argues that these connections merit closer attention, given Semper’s stature, even in the early twentieth century, and his impact on many of those from whom Le Corbusier adapted his own ideas. Le Corbusier’s ideas concerning links between artistic style and the spirit or psychology of an era, his belief in architecture’s autonomy in relation to technique and use, and his conversion from the vernacular and medievalist forms emphasized by his mentor Charles L’Eplattenier to Greco-Roman classical ones all seem at least indirectly indebted to Semper’s theories. Mantilla explores the connections between the men, particularly in regard to issues of artistic creation.
Peripheral T3 signaling is the target of pesticides in zebrafish larvae and adult liver
Authors: Colella Marco , Nittoli Valeria , Porciello Alfonsina , Porreca Immacolata , Reale Carla , Russo Filomena , Russo Nicola Antonino , Roberto Luca , Albano Francesco , De Felice Mario , Mallardo Massimo , Ambrosino Concetta
Published: July 2020

The intra-tissue levels of thyroid hormones (THs) regulate organ functions. Environmental factors can impair these levels by damaging the thyroid gland and/or peripheral TH metabolism. We investigated the effects of embryonic and/or long-life exposure to low-dose pesticides, ethylene thiourea (ETU), chlorpyrifos (CPF) and both combined on intra-tissue T4/T3 metabolism/signaling in zebrafish at different life stages. Hypothyroidism was evident in exposed larvae that showed reduced number of follicles and induced tshb mRNAs. Despite that, we found an increase in free T4 (fT4) and free T3 (fT3) levels/signaling that was confirmed by transcriptional regulation of TH metabolic enzymes (deiodinases) and T3-regulated mRNAs (cpt1, igfbp1a). Second-generation larvae showed that thyroid and TH signaling was affected even when not directly exposed, suggesting the role of parental exposure. In adult zebrafish, we found that sex-dependent damage of hepatic T3 level/signaling was associated with liver steatosis, which was more pronounced in females, with sex-dependent alteration of transcripts codifying the key enzymes involved in ‘de novo lipogenesis’ and β-oxidation. We found impaired activation of liver T3 and PPARα/Foxo3a pathways whose deregulation was already involved in mammalian liver steatosis. The data emphasizes that the intra-tissue imbalance of the T3 level is due to thyroid endocrine disruptors (THDC) and suggests that the effect of a slight modification in T3 signaling might be amplified by its direct regulation or crosstalk with PPARα/Foxo3a pathways. Because T3 levels define the hypothyroid/hyperthyroid status of each organ, our findings might explain the pleiotropic and site-dependent effects of pesticides.
МОДЕРНІЗАЦІЯ МОНЕТАРНОЇ ПОЛІТИКИ УКРАЇНИ В КОНТЕКСТІ СТАБІЛІЗАЦІЇ ЕКОНОМІКИ ТА ПОСТКРИЗОВОГО ЗРОСТАННЯ
Authors: ДАНИЛИШИН Богдан , БОГДАН Іван , БОГДАН Тетяна
Published: July 2020

Розглянуто проблеми модернізації монетарної політики в контексті формування її середньострокових пріоритетів та реагування на кризові явища. Особливу увагу приділено питанням мандата центрального банку та цільових орієнтирів його політики. Запропоновано інструментарій та оцінено ступінь жорсткості монетарних умов (RMCI) в Україні. На основі міжкраїнових порівнянь RMCI зроблено висновок про те, що Україна є лідером серед країн Центральної та Східної Європи за ступенем жорсткості монетарних умов (як за процентною ставкою, так і за обмінним курсом). Виявлено вади в дизайні поточної монетарної політики в Україні, внаслідок яких у період гострої потреби економіки в позичкових коштах у банківській системі акумулюється «надлишкова» ліквідність, що різко контрастує з ситуацією в інших країнах, де центральні банки направляють гігантські ресурси на підтримку ліквідності фінансового та кредитування реального сектору. Проаналізовано модельний інструментарій НБУ і встановлено, що пріоритетність інфляційної цілі для нього є в п’ять разів вищою порівняно з метою економічного зростання. Обґрунтовано висновок про доцільність переходу в Україні від режиму інфляційного таргетування до таргетування приросту номінального ВВП, що поєднуватиме цільові значення реального ВВП з показниками інфляції. Доведено необхідність переорієнтації монетарної політики НБУ на підтримку реальної економіки та розширення інструментарію монетарної політики в період економічної кризи: 1) довгострокового рефінансування банків за пільговими ставками з цільовою спрямованістю на кредитування реального сектору; 2) проведення операцій відкритого ринку з державними цінними паперами з орієнтацією на підтримку бюджету та недопущення колапсу фінансового ринку; 3) пом’якшення регулятивних вимог до оцінки кредитних ризиків за активними операціями банків для стимулювання їх кредитної активності.
Dieta de Grundulus quitoensis (Characiformes: Characidae) una especie endémica en la Reserva Biológica El Ángel, Carchi, Ecuador
Authors: Herrera-Madrid Muricio , Vera Dany , Valdiviezo Rivera Jonathan
Published: July 2020

Los estudios sobre hábitos alimentarios de comunidades acuáticas ayudan a entender cómo estas interactúan, y considerando que los peces de páramo han sido muy poco investigados, se analizó la dieta y se contribuyó al entendimiento de la ecología trófica de Grundulus quitoensis, especie endémica de los andes del Ecuador. Se estudió el contenido estomacal de 26 ejemplares de la laguna El Voladero. Se identificaron doce categorías de presa, de las cuales, el género Bosmina (Crustacea: Cladocera) (Ni = 2410; Fo = 22) y entidades de la familia Chironomidae (Insecta: Diptera) (Ni = 466; Fo = 46) presentan la mayor abundancia. El factor de condición alométrico (K) obtuvo valores entre 0,11–0,77, significando que los ejemplares se encontraban en condiciones de poca alimentación. Aunque la dieta de esta especie es amplia, consume en gran cantidad insectos y microcrustáceos. Es necesario preservar la laguna El Voladero para conservar su biodiversidad única.
New records of Bokermannohyla ibitipoca (Anura, Hylidae)
Authors: Pereira Elvis Almeida , De Oliveivra Neves Matheus , Lomba da Rocha Lucas Custodio , Heitor Rodrigo Carrara , Santana Diego José
Published: July 2020

Bokermannohyla ibitipoca is a small-sized frog restricted to the Mantiqueira Mountain Complex, Brazil, and is currently categorized as Data Deficient in the Red List of Threateed Species of the IUCN. Here we report new records of B. ibitipoca throughout Minas Gerais state, Brazil and provide a distribution map of the species.
Factors that influence human behavior in biofuel use and their implications for biocultural conservation
Authors: Cruz Ramon Salgueiro , Medeiros Patrícia Muniz de , Ferreira Júnior Washington Soares , Silva Rafael Ricardo Vasconcelos da
Published: July 2020

A set of investigations has attempted to identify patterns in human resource use behavior to drive conservation strategies. However, it is still necessary to advance the understanding of the factors that influence human decision making in the use of resources, considering the perceived cost-benefit relationships. In this research, we assessed whether cost-benefit rationale may explain why certain resources are more used than others, as well as the factors that can predict resource consumption by certain families. We adopted the use of biofuels as research model in a rural settlement in northeastern Brazil. Our main findings indicate that the species most frequently used by people are those that favor the cost-benefit relationship. Resource availability was the main variable that directed the frequency of use of the species, and only the number of people in the residences explained the consumption of firewood by the families. These findings can provide important insights for the elaboration of biocultural conservation strategies because they present the mechanisms that can direct the behavior in the use of certain resources and the greater consumption of firewood by certain families.
Aural epistemology
Authors: Osborne Lauren E
Published: July 2020

This article takes the Qur’an’s discourse on the sense of hearing as part of its greater world of emotion and affect, wherein sense perceptions can be understood as part of its felt landscape. Taking the prevalence of the Qur’an’s recitation in tradition and the Qur’an’s own discourse about orality and revelation as a starting point, the paper examines the understanding of the sense of hearing found within the text. Specifically, in the Qur’an, the sense of hearing is linked to ideas of cognition and comprehension. Understanding of the discursive content or meaning of a message is obtained through hearing.
Assessing the effects of accent-mismatched reference population databases on the performance of an automatic speaker recognition system
Authors: Watt Dominic , Harrison Philip , Hughes Vincent , French Peter , Llamas Carmen , Braun Almut , Robertson Duncan
Published: July 2020

Automatic Speaker Recognition (ASR) systems are designed to provide the user with statistics relating to the similarity of two or more speech samples and to the typicality of those shared features in the wider population. When an ASR system is used as part of a forensic investigation, the user must decide what counts as the appropriate ‘wider population’ and select a reference database accordingly. While it has generally been held that the voices populating the reference database should be similar in accent to that of the samples under consideration, the degree to which the accents should correspond has until now not been investigated empirically. We report in this article on a study in which the composition of the reference database was systematically varied in terms of accent, using corpora of samples of Standard Southern British English and of three subvarieties spoken in North-East England (Newcastle, Sunderland, Middlesbrough).
Nivolumab in Advanced Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Safety Profile and Select Treatment-Related Adverse Events From the CheckMate 040 Study
Authors: Julien Karen , Leung Hiu Tung , Fuertes Carmen , Mori Megumi , Wang Miao-Jen , Teo Jocelyn , Weiss Lisa , Hamilton Sara , DiFebo Holly , Noh Yoon Jin , Galway Aralee , Koh Jane , Brutcher Edith , Zhao Huanyu , Shen Yun , Tschaika Marina , To Yue-Yun
Published: July 2020

Background

CheckMate 040 assessed the efficacy and safety of nivolumab in patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Understanding the safety profile of nivolumab is needed to support the management of treatment-related adverse events (TRAEs). This analysis assessed the safety of nivolumab monotherapy in the phase I/II, open-label CheckMate 040 study.

Materials and Methods

Select TRAEs (sTRAEs; TRAEs with potential immunologic etiology requiring more frequent monitoring) occurring between first dose and 30 days after last dose were analyzed in patients in the dose-escalation and -expansion phases. Time to onset (TTO), time to resolution (TTR), and recurrence of sTRAEs were assessed, and the outcome of treatment with immune-modulating medication (IMM) was evaluated.

Results

The analysis included 262 patients. The most common sTRAE was skin (35.5%), followed by gastrointestinal (14.5%) and hepatic (14.1%) events; the majority were grade 1/2, with 10.7% of patients experiencing grade 3/4 events. One patient had grade 5 pneumonitis. Median (range) TTO ranged from 3.6 (0.1–59.9) weeks for skin sTRAEs to 47.6 (47.1–48.0) weeks for renal sTRAEs. Overall, 68% of sTRAEs resolved, with median (range) TTR ranging from 3.7 (0.1–123.3+) weeks for gastrointestinal sTRAEs to 28.4 (0.1–79.1) weeks for endocrine sTRAEs. Most gastrointestinal and all hepatic events resolved with treatment in accordance with established toxicity management algorithms. In 57 patients (40%), sTRAEs were managed with IMM. Reoccurrence of sTRAEs was uncommon following rechallenge with nivolumab.

Conclusion

Nivolumab demonstrated a manageable safety profile in this analysis of patients with advanced HCC. A majority of sTRAEs resolved with treatment.
Sistema de Informações Ambientais de Fernandópolis - SisFERGEO
Authors: Nascimento Ubiratan Zakaib do , Vanzela Luiz Sergio , Mansano Cleber Fernando Menegasso , Lima Leonice Domingos dos Santos Cintra
Published: July 2020

Os WEBGIS ou SIGWEB são ferramentas originadas da fusão dos conceitos de banco de dados georreferenciados e disponibilização via internet, utilizando uma plataforma de gerenciamento de dados. A principal importância dos SIGWEBs é que os dados disponibilizados podem ser utilizados para o gerenciamento, como, por exemplo, a disponibilização de dados ambientais, de grande importância na gestão ambiental integrada. Assim, o objetivo neste trabalho foi desenvolver o catálogo de dados geográficos ambientais para o município de Fernandópolis - SP, denominado SisFERGEO - Sistema de Informações Ambientais de Fernandópolis. A partir de dados criados por geoprocessamento e cedidos pela Secretaria Municipal de Meio Ambiente, construíram-se os temas que constituem a primeira versão do SisFERGEO, que são: (1) Administrativo, (2) Arborização Urbana, (3) Biodiversidade, (4) Clima, (5) Limite Municipal, (6) Recursos Hídricos, (7) Recursos dos Solos e (8) Vegetação. O catálogo foi desenvolvido com uso de softwares livres, no SIGWEB I3GEO, permitindo que usuários comuns possam acessar dados ambientais e elaborar mapas de forma fácil e amigável. Os mapas e dados de consulta podem ser utilizados em estudos técnico-científicos, trabalhos de educação ambiental e na própria gestão ambiental municipal, seja por técnicos, professores, pesquisadores e/ou servidores municipais. Os resultados do trabalho permitem demonstrar que, com recursos livres e profissionais capacitados, é possível desenvolver um catálogo de dados ambientais para ser publicizado em SIGWEBs para pequenos e médios municípios.
A cidade de São Paulo como palco de constantes transformações: um panorama sobre a evolução urbana do município do século XX ao início do século XXI
Authors: Costa Matheus Oliveira
Published: July 2020

Este artigo pretende fornecer um panorama do planejamento urbano da cidade de São Paulo ao longo do século XX até o início do século XXI, com o foco na relação entre edifício, espaço urbano e sociedade e de como a legislação possibilitou a transformação urbana, apoiando-se na fundamentação teórica e no referencial bibliográfico para atingir os objetivos propostos.
Estudo Comparativo de Sistemas de Medições de Temperatura Superficial de Pavimentos Urbanos
Authors: Kowalski Luiz Fernando , Masiero Érico
Published: July 2020

O processo de urbanização altera o microclima o que pode provocar diferentes condições de conforto térmico nas cidades. No mesmo contexto, a pavimentação viária pode favorecer o surgimento de situações de desconforto humano, devido ao considerável ganho térmico dos materiais mais utilizados. Assim, a medição das propriedades térmicas dos pavimentos se faz importante na avaliação do microclima local e das condições de conforto em estudos urbanos. Portanto, este artigo tem como objetivo analisar a temperatura da superfície coletada por um sistema de termopares e correlacionar os resultados com os dados termográficos, identificando possíveis erros, imprecisões ou limitações dos diferentes métodos. Para isso, foram monitoradas as condições climáticas locais e os dados de variação de temperatura superficial de um pavimento de concreto com os dois métodos. Os resultados demonstram que existe uma correlação entre as duas formas de aquisição de dados e a variação entre os dois métodos de medição pode chegar à 5°C, dependendo do instrumento usado. Finalmente, ambos os métodos possuem vantagens e desvantagens em estudos urbanos. Enquanto o sistema de termopares se mostra mais eficaz e preciso na medição de pontos específicos, a termografia é ótima alternativa para avaliar áreas mais amplas, embora tenha apresentado menor precisão.
Estimativa de receita na geração energética e crédito de carbono do aterro coletivo na microrregião de Teófilo Otoni
Authors: Costa Alexandre Sylvio Vieira da , Andrade Jéssica Rodrigues
Published: July 2020

O crescimento e a melhora da qualidade de vida da população brasileira têm contribuído para o aumento da produção de resíduos e comprometimento da qualidade ambiental. Este trabalho teve como objetivo obter informações sobre os resíduos sólidos urbanos das cidades componentes da microrregião de Teófilo Otoni e estimar a geração de metano até 2045 e após o seu fechamento até 2055 avaliando o seu potencial de geração de energia elétrica e crédito de carbono. A coleta dos dados foi realizada na Associação dos Municípios do Mucuri e a estimativa total de produção de resíduos foi calculada considerando a população urbana dos municípios e a sua estimativa de crescimento. Para cálculo da taxa anual de geração de gás metano foi utilizado o modelo de cálculo proposto pelo Banco Mundial e no cálculo do potencial energético, avaliando seu retorno econômico proveniente da comercialização da energia gerada e venda de créditos de carbono. Verificou-se que, pelas projeções de geração de resíduos e crescimento populacional, em 2045, a microrregião produziria cerca de 40.001,976 toneladas de matéria orgânica e produção de 767.496,821 m³ de metano com potencial de geração de 5,063 MWh de energia nesse mesmo ano e potencial energético para suprir as necessidades energéticas de 894 residências/mês. A venda de créditos de carbono renderia R$ 320.019,49 no primeiro ano, e em 2045 seu valor máximo estimado chegaria a R$418.995,71.