bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Arterial Stiffness following Endurance and Resistance Exercise Sessions in Older Patients with Coronary Artery Disease
Authors: Santos Vanessa , Massuça Luís Miguel , Angarten Vitor , Melo Xavier , Pinto Rita , Fernhall Bo , Santa-Clara Helena
Published: November 2022

Arterial stiffness (AS) is associated with coronary artery disease (CAD). Acute endurance training decreases AS, whereas acute resistance training increases it. However, these results are from studies in apparently healthy adults, and there is no information on the effects of such afterload AS in elderly patients with CAD. We aimed to investigate the effect of acute endurance or resistance training on the time course of changes in the indices of AS in elderly patients with CAD in order to understand how stiffness responds after training. We tested 18 trained men with CAD. AS was measured using central and peripheral pulse wave velocity (PWV) after 15 min of rest and after 5, 15, and 30 min of endurance and resistance training sessions. The endurance session consisted of high-intensity interval walking at 85–90% of maximum heart rate, and the resistance session consisted of 70% of the maximum of one repetition. An interaction effect was found for central and peripheral PWV (p ≤ 0.001; carotid, η2 = 0.72; aortic, η2 = 0.90; femoral, η2 = 0.74), which was due to an increase in PWV after resistance and a decrease in central and peripheral PWV after endurance. This study demonstrates that training mode influences the time course of AS responses to acute exercise in these patients. Acute endurance training decreased AS, whereas resistance training significantly increased it.
Factors Associated with Burnout in Healthcare Professionals
Authors: Taranu Sabinne , Ilie Adina , Turcu Ana-Maria , Stefaniu Ramona , Sandu Ioana , Pislaru Anca , Alexa Ioana , Sandu Calina , Rotaru Tudor-Stefan , Alexa-Stratulat Teodora
Published: November 2022

Burnout in healthcare professionals remains an ongoing concern. There are a number of variables associated with reactivity to stress in healthcare staff. This study wants to identify risk factors which predispose healthcare professionals to burnout. Material and Methods: The cross-sectional study included a group of 200 subjects, medical staff and auxiliary staff from the national health units, who gave their free consent to answer the questions regarding the level of perceived stress at work. The screening tool used was disseminated through the Google Forms platform, maintaining the anonymity of the participants. Results: Resident doctors (42%) responded predominantly, reporting the highest level of burnout, with nurses (26.5%) being the least affected (χ2 = 36.73, p < 0.01). Less work experience is correlated with increased burnout (rho = 0.29, p < 0.01). Reactivity to stress was highly associated with workplace, with ambulance staff being the most vulnerable (χ2 = 6.58, p < 0.05). Participants’ relationship status significantly influenced the burnout rate, the unmarried, with or without a partner, being more affected (χ2 = 16.14, p < 0.01). There are no significant differences between male and female gender, regarding the average level of burnout (U = 1.47; p > 0.05), nor between living in a house or apartment (U = 4.66; p > 0.05). Positive associations were identified between the level of burnout and variables such as: management pressure, administrative work, routine, regretting decisions regarding patients, harassment at work and sacrifice of personal time. Conclusions: The results of this study identify age, profession, workplace seniority and relationship status as factors associated with burnout in medical personnel.
Research on Niche Evaluation of Photovoltaic Agriculture in China
Authors: Chen Jian , Wang Lingjun , Li Yuanyuan
Published: November 2022

To evaluate the ecological niche of China’s photovoltaic agriculture, this paper firstly analyzed the composition of photovoltaic agriculture and constructed the ecosystem of photovoltaic agriculture. Then, we defined the concept of the ecological niche of photovoltaic agriculture, and based on this the preliminary niche evaluation index system was constructed. Further, redundant indicators in the preliminary index system were deleted based on the rough set theory, and the final niche evaluation index system was constructed. Finally, the ecological niche of photovoltaic agriculture was evaluated using the DANP method and cloud model. We found that the niche level of China’s photovoltaic agriculture is between low and medium levels. Specifically, the level of resource niche is the highest, between medium and high levels; following is policy niche, near medium level; then is environmental niche, which is at a slightly lower medium level; the last three in turn are technology niche, social niche and economic niche. The technology should fully realize the synergistic effect of photovoltaic power generation and agricultural production, and the policy should play better environmental, social and economic functions on this basis to achieve a higher niche level of China’s photovoltaic agriculture.
Physical Activity Frequency and Depression in the Spanish Population
Authors: Denche-Zamorano Ángel , Ajenjo-Gomez David , Pereira-Payo Damián , Galán-Arroyo Carmen , Vega-Muñoz Alejandro , Contreras-Barraza Nicolás , Gil-Marín Miseldra , Perez-Gomez Jorge
Published: November 2022

Introduction: Depression is a concerning mental health disorder. It is the first cause of inability worldwide, which entails high economic costs for the public system. Current evidence suggests that physical activity is an effective tool for the prevention and treatment of depressive symptoms. Objective: To examine the relationship between the cases of depressive symptoms and depression presented by the adult Spanish population and the days per week of physical activity and strength training that they perform. Design: It is a cross-sectional study with data from the European Health Survey of Spain 2020 (EESE 2020), consisting of 10,024 males and 11,126 females, between 18 and 84 years, which conformed the sample of 21,150 participants. Results: Depressive symptoms and depression were related to days of PA per week, PA frequency per week and strength training days per week (p < 0.001), depressive symptoms and depression were found to have higher prevalence in the inactive groups than in the active groups (p < 0.05); this phenomenon was found in both sexes and age groups. Conclusions: The prevalence of depressive symptoms and depression were associated with physical activity in the general population, by sex and by age group too. The prevalence of both were higher in the inactive population than in the active population of all ages and sexes. Future studies are required to confirm the relationship between PA and depression prevalence, in order to establish the scope of the effect of PA on depressive symptoms and depression.
Development and Evaluation of a Digital Health Intervention to Prevent Type 2 Diabetes in Primary Care: The PREDIABETEXT Study Protocol for a Randomised Clinical Trial
Authors: Galmes-Panades Aina M. , Angullo Escarlata , Mira-Martínez Sofía , Bennasar-Veny Miquel , Zamanillo-Campos Rocío , Gómez-Juanes Rocío , Konieczna Jadwiga , Jiménez Rafael , Serrano-Ripoll Maria Jesús , Fiol-deRoque Maria Antonia , Miralles Jerónima , Yañez Aina M. , Romaguera Dora , Vidal-Thomas Maria Clara , Llobera-Canaves Joan , García-Toro Mauro , Vicens Catalina , Gervilla-García Elena , Oña José Iván , Malih Narges , Leiva Alfonso , Bulilete Oana , Montaño Juan José , Gili Margalida , Roca Miquel , Ricci-Cabello Ignacio
Published: November 2022

Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a highly prevalent disease associated with an increased risk of comorbidities, premature death, and health costs. Prediabetes is a stage of glucose alteration previous to T2DM, that can be reversed. The aim of the study is to develop and evaluate a low-intensity, multifaceted, digital intervention to prevent T2DM. The intervention comprises: (1) the use of mobile health technology to send tailored text messages promoting lifestyle changes to people at risk of T2DM and (2) the provision of online education to primary healthcare physicians and nurses about management of prediabetes. Methods: In stages 1–4 we will design, develop and pilot-test the intervention. In Stage 5 we will conduct a phase II, six-month, three-arm, cluster randomized, clinical trial with 42 primary care professionals and 420 patients at risk of T2DM. Patients will be allocated to a control group (usual care), intervention A (patient messaging intervention), or intervention B (patient messaging intervention plus online education to their primary healthcare professionals). The primary outcome will be glycated haemoglobin. All the procedures obtained ethical approval in June 2021 (CEI-IB Ref No: IB4495/21PI). Discussion: Digital health interventions can effectively prevent T2DM and reduce important T2DM risk factors such as overweight or hypertension. In Spain, this type of intervention is understudied. Moreover, there is controversy regarding the type of digital health interventions that are more effective. Findings from this study may contribute to address T2DM prevention, through a low-cost and easily implementable intervention.
How Does an Environmental Information Disclosure of a Buyer’s Enterprise Affect Green Technological Innovations of Sellers’ Enterprise?
Authors: Zhang Chenxi , Jin Shanyue
Published: November 2022

With rapid economic development, green technological innovations are playing an important role in the sustainable development of enterprise. When the public is concerned about the environment and values environmental information disclosures, it makes enterprise fulfill their environmental responsibilities. In a supply chain, buyer enterprise’ environmental information disclosures have a spillover effect on seller enterprise’ investment decisions. This study investigates the relationship between environmental information disclosures by buyers and green technological innovations of sellers, furthermore, it analyzes the mechanism of this relationship. For this purpose, this study conducts a fixed regression analysis using the data pertaining to A-share listed companies in China from 2009 to 2019. The results show that buyer firms’ environmental information disclosures can significantly promote the green technological innovations of seller enterprise. Furthermore, financing constraints, public concern, and internal control play a mediating role between buyer firms’ environmental information disclosures and seller firms’ green technological innovations. This study reveals several paths through which environmental information disclosures of buyers influence sellers’ green technological innovations in supply chains.
Green Total Factor Productivity and Its Saving Effect on the Green Factor in China’s Strategic Minerals Industry from 1998–2017
Authors: Jin Yujian , Yu Lihong , Wang Yan
Published: November 2022

Improving green total factor productivity (GTFP) is a fundamental solution to help the strategic mineral industry to achieve green and sustainable development. This study incorporates the dual negative externalities of resource depletion and environmental pollution into the GTFP measurement to capture the ‘green’ elements. By employing a truncated third-order (TTO) translog cost function and the feasible generalized least squares (FGLS) approach, we evaluate the GTFP growth performance and its components in China’s strategic minerals industry from 1998 to 2017. Moreover, we explore the bias of technological progress toward the resource and environmental factors to grasp the green factor saving effects. The results show that: (1) during the sample period, the average GTFP growth rate of China’s strategic minerals industry was 0.46%, but there were variances between mineral sectors. Nevertheless, after 2012, the GTFP of all mineral sectors experienced different degrees of decrease. (2) The main driver of adjustments in GTFP growth shifted from technological progress to changes in scale efficiency, with technological progress contributing less to GTFP growth. This is particularly evident in the metal and energy minerals sectors. (3) Green technological progress is biased toward saving environmental factor input but enhancing resource extraction. Therefore, the current development of China’s strategic minerals industry falls into a non-sustainable mode of being environmentally friendly but not resource-saving.
Effect of Obstructive Sleep Apnea and CPAP Treatment on the Bioavailability of Erythrocyte and Plasma Nitric Oxide
Authors: Mochol Jakub , Gawryś Jakub , Szahidewicz-Krupska Ewa , Wiśniewski Jerzy , Fortuna Paulina , Rola Piotr , Martynowicz Helena , Doroszko Adrian
Published: November 2022

Introduction: Endothelial dysfunction resulting from decreased nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability is an important mechanism that increases cardiovascular risk in subjects with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). NO is produced by nitric oxide synthase (NOS) in a reaction that converts L-arginine to L-citrulline. Asymmetric-dimethylarginine (ADMA) is created by L-arginine and is a naturally occurring competitive inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase (NOS). The aim of our study was to verify if erythrocytes could play a role in the storage and accumulation of ADMA in OSA patients. The crosstalk between erythrocyte-ADMA, SDMA, L-arginine, and L-citrulline levels and endothelial function was investigated in OSA subjects both at baseline and prospectively following 1-year CPAP (continuous positive airway pressure) treatment. Material and Methods: A total of 46 subjects with OSA were enrolled in this study and divided into two groups: those with moderate-to-severe OSA and those with mild or no OSA. A physical examination was followed by blood collection for the assessment of biochemical cardiovascular risk factors and the nitric oxide bioavailability parameters both in plasma and erythrocytes. Vasodilative endothelial function was assessed using Laser Doppler Flowmetry (LDF). Results: No significant changes regarding the NO pathway metabolites were noted apart from the plasma L-citrulline concentration, which was decreased in patients with OSA (26.9 ± 7.4 vs. 33.1 ± 9.4 μM, p < 0.05). The erythrocyte ADMA concentration was lower than in plasma irrespective of the presence of OSA (0.33 ± 0.12 vs. 0.45 ± 0.08 μM in OSA, p < 0.05 and 0.33 ± 0.1 vs. 0.45 ± 0.07 μM in the control, p < 0.05). No significant changes regarding the LDF were found. CPAP treatment did not change the levels of NO metabolites in the erythrocytes. Conclusions: The erythrocyte pool of the NO metabolic pathway intermediates does not depend on OSA and its treatment, whereas the erythrocytes could constitute a high-volume buffer in their storage Hence, the results from this prospective study are a step forward in understanding the role of the erythrocyte compartment and the intra-erythrocyte pathways regulating NO bioavailability and paracrine endothelial function in the hypoxia-reoxygenation setting, such as obstructive sleep apnea.
Multidimensional Frailty and Lifestyles of Community-Dwelling Older Portuguese Adults
Authors: Faria Ana da Conceição Alves , Martins Maria Manuela F. P. S. , Ribeiro Olga Maria Pimenta Lopes , Ventura-Silva João Miguel Almeida , Fonseca Esmeralda Faria , Ferreira Luciano José Moreira , Teles Paulo João Figueiredo Cabral , Laredo-Aguilera José Alberto
Published: November 2022

(1) Background: Lifestyles are referred to as conditioning factors for the frailty of older adults. However, there are few studies that explore its association. The objective of the present study is to analyze the association between sociodemographic, clinical, and lifestyle factors of older adults people with multidimensional frailty. (2) Methods: Descriptive and correlational study carried out with older adults people registered in a Health Unit in Portugal. Data were collected through a sociodemographic and clinical questionnaire and application of the Individual Lifestyle Profile and Tilburg Frailty Index to assess the lifestyles and multidimensional frailty of older adults, respectively. This last instrument, being of a multidimensional nature, assesses not only physical, but also psychological and social frailty, with a cut-off point of 6. (3) Results: Of the 300 older adults who participated, most were female (60.3%) and had a mean age of 81.34 ± 6.75 years. Moreover, 60.3% of the sample were frail older adults. Gender, marital status, number of household members, number of chronic diseases, number of daily medications, self-perception of health status and lifestyle and use of a walking device were associated with multidimensional frailty (p ≤ 0.001). Healthy eating habits, physical activity, relational behaviour, preventive behaviour, and stress management were significantly associated with lower physical, psychological, and social frailty (p ≤ 0.001). (4) Conclusions: When community health workers are aware of multidimensional frailty predictors and their components, they can intervene early and, consequently, delay the onset and progression of frailty in older adults.
The Impact of Time Pressure on the Results of Psychotechnical Tests Based on the Findings of Pilot Studies Conducted on a Group of Students of the Silesian University of Technology—A Case Study
Authors: Korban Zygmunt , Taraszkiewicz-Łyda Maja
Published: November 2022

The performance of job tasks is increasingly being viewed through the prism of time constraints. Stress, as a consequence of these constraints, can play a dual role: motivating or destructive. This paper addresses the role of time pressure during the implementation of psychotechnical tests. Based on the example of a pilot group, which consisted of students of the Faculty of Mining, Safety Engineering, and Industrial Automation of the Silesian University of Technology, the authors presented the results of the study of the impact of time regime on the assessment of visuomotor coordination, psychomotor reaction time, the ability to focus attention, perceptual speed and accuracy, attention divisibility, and set-shifting. With the use of a survey conducted among the subjects and multivariate analysis (the Analytic Hierarchy Process method), an assessment was made in terms of difficulty levels during the implementation of exercises, including four evaluation criteria: complexity, repetition and timing of emitted signals, and the required accuracy of response to the signals in question. In the process of verifying the consistency of the evaluations carried out, the consistency ratio (CR) was adopted.
Gender Differences of University Students in the Online Teaching Quality and Psychological Profile during the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Nomie-Sato Simone , Condes Moreno Emilia , Villanueva Adriana Rico , Chiarella Pascual , Tornero-Aguilera Jose Francisco , Beltrán-Velasco Ana Isabel , Clemente-Suárez Vicente Javier
Published: November 2022

With the arrival of COVID-19, educational systems have had to adapt to the social and health situation immediately. This led to the appearance of the asynchronous teaching model. Throughout the pandemic, at the educational level, we can distinguish three phases, eminently online, hybrid, and finally, face-to-face. However, the perception of educational quality in these three educational moments, taking into account the psychometric profile and gender, has not been studied. Thus, 1093 university students from Ibero-American countries were analyzed. Through a questionnaire, demographic, academic, and psychological variables were analyzed at three moments during the evolution of the pandemic. Data suggest that, during the lockdown phase, while teaching was eminently online, students presented higher levels of stress and higher difficulty of learning; class attendance, convenience, preferred method of learning, grading score, and motivation were lower, compared to other phases of teaching (hybrid and face-to-face). During this period, females presented higher stress levels than males, as well as higher levels of anxiety and loneliness, without gender differences among the other studied variables. During the hybrid and face-to-face phases, male students presented higher values in the results of difficulty learning and demanding activities. No differences were seen regarding motivation, synchronous class attendance, learning level, grades, convenience, or preferred learning method. The results from the present study suggest that, despite the effect of the pandemic on mental health, asynchronous education is postulated as an effective teaching–learning alternative. Yet, a special focus should be given to female students.
Semiconductor Work, Leukemia, and Cancer Risk: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Kim Kyungsik , Sung Ho Kyung , Lee Kwan , Park Sue K.
Published: November 2022

Background: With the development of the semiconductor industry over the past 60 years, various occupational diseases have been reported to coincide with rapid industrial growth. Among these occupational diseases, the association between semiconductor work and cancers, including leukemia, remains controversial. Therefore, this systematic review and meta-analysis assesses the associations between semiconductor work, leukemia, and cancer risk. Methods: The core research databases, including PubMed, were screened for studies published until 31 July 2022. All eligible studies assessed cancer risk among workers in the semiconductor industry. Results: Nine studies were selected after a literature review. The employment period of semiconductor workers in each study was between 1965 and 2009. Semiconductor work was not significantly associated with the risk of leukemia (Relative Risk [RR], 1.02; 95% Confidence Interval [CI], 0.74–1.41) or cancer (RR, 1.00; 95% CI, 0.93–1.07). Conclusion: In this meta-analysis, semiconductor work was not significantly associated with leukemia or cancer risk. Internal comparisons, such as non-fab workers, quality of the study, employment period, and healthy worker effect, should be considered for interpretation. Furthermore, a prospective cohort study based on overall semiconductor workers in the industry could be useful to assess occupational disease risk as a mandatory component of health assessment.
How Do the Young Perceive Urban Parks? A Study on Young Adults’ Landscape Preferences and Health Benefits in Urban Parks Based on the Landscape Perception Model
Authors: Dai Daixin , Bo Mingyang , Zhou Youmei
Published: November 2022

(1) Background: Youth’s physical and mental health is of increasing concern today. However, gaining a more comprehensive knowledge of young people’s landscape preferences for urban parks is challenging. Additionally, young adults’ voices (aged from 20 to 24) are often neglected. (2) Methods: This study collected 349 interview questionnaires from 2014 to 2020 and recorded them into Nvivo10. Firstly, the study did a thematic analysis using the preliminary coding framework based on the landscape perception model to code the interview data and statistics on the frequencies of each theme and code. Then, we used diffractive analysis to interpret original materials to comprehend the underlying significance. (3) Results: Our research showed that young adults’ landscape perceptions are richer in diversity and express more subjective feelings. Their landscape preferences are also related to behavioral activities in addition to environmental features, which have some differences from teenagers. (4) Conclusions: It is helpful to attract more young adults by creating sound and smell landscapes, accommodating more dynamic sports and recreation facilities, and controlling unhygienic and noise problems, which can offer better design, planning, and management for creating inclusive urban parks. The landscape perception model developed in this paper can also provide a reference for related studies in the future.
Mental Fatigue, Activities of Daily Living, Sick Leave and Functional Status among Patients with Long COVID: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Nielsen Trine Brøns , Leth Steffen , Pedersen Mathilde , Harbo Helle Dahl , Nielsen Claus Vinther , Laursen Cecilia Hee , Schiøttz-Christensen Berit , Oestergaard Lisa Gregersen
Published: November 2022

Studies suggest that persistent symptoms after COVID-19 (long COVID) influence functioning and activities of daily living (ADL). However, it is still uncertain how and to what extent. This study aimed to describe patient-reported mental fatigue, ADL problems, ADL ability, sick leave and functional status among patients with long COVID. In this cross-sectional study, 448 patients, ≥18 years old and referred to occupational therapy at a Danish Post-COVID-19 Clinic, were included. Mental fatigue was measured by the Mental Fatigue Scale, ADL problems and ability were measured by the Canadian Occupational Performance Measure, sick leave was self-reported and functional status was evaluated by the Post-COVID-19 Functional Status Scale. Mean age was 46.8 years, 73% of the patients were female, and 75% suffered from moderate to severe mental fatigue. The majority reported difficulties performing productive and leisure activities. The median performance and satisfaction scores were 4.8 and 3, respectively. In total, 56% of the patients were on sick leave, and 94% were referred to rehabilitation. A decrease in functional status was found between pre-COVID-19 and assessment. Conclusively, the patients were highly affected in their everyday life and had distinct rehabilitation needs. Future research is needed to address causalities and rehabilitation for this patient group.
Engagement of Preschool-Aged Children in Daily Routines
Authors: Golubović Špela , Đorđević Mirjana , Ilić Snežana , Nikolašević Željka
Published: November 2022

Child engagement refers to the time spent interacting with physical and social environments according to age, abilities, and a situation. The aim of this study is to assess the functioning of children in early childhood routines using engagement assessment instruments relative to the presence of developmental disabilities, age, gender, and parental characteristics within the contexts of preschool and family routines. The sample comprised 150 children aged 3–5 (AS = 4.02, D = 0.78), including typically developing children (N = 49) and children with developmental disabilities (N = 101). To assess the children’s engagement in preschool classrooms, we used the Classroom Measure of Engagement, Independence, and Social Relationships (ClaMEISR), and the Child Engagement in Daily Life Measure was used to assess the children’s engagement in family routines. The results obtained indicate a significantly higher rate of engagement in routines and activities among girls and older children. Parental characteristics associated with children’s engagement included employment and marital status. Children with developmental disabilities, compared to their typically developing peers, had lower levels of engagement in social relationships and functional independence in daily routines. The results indicate that both instruments have a high internal consistency and are thus suitable for future use in the Republic of Serbia.
The Impact of the Urban Built Environment on the Play Behavior of Children with ASD
Authors: Wu Shengzhen , Pan Chen , Yao Lihao , Wu Xiaojing
Published: November 2022

Anxiety caused by the lack of social skills is the biggest problem faced by children with ASD. Playing can improve children’s social skills and relieve anxiety. This study aimed to explore the influence of urban built environments on ASD children’s play behavior. The participants in this study were 57 parents of children with ASD. An anonymous questionnaire was used to collect and analyze data. At the same time, retrospective semi-structured interviews with 31 parents of ASD children were performed to validate the data analysis results. The results showed that lower residential building density, higher residential greening and higher destination accessibility have positive effects on ASD children’s play behavior. Excellent transportation facilities and high NDVI vegetation coverage have positive effects on the play behavior of children with ASD. More recreational facilities and recreational playability have positive impacts on the play behavior of children with ASD. The population density and number of children in the destination, as well as public facilities, influence the play behavior of children with ASD. The research results can promote the integration of this group into urban life and further promote social equity. At the same time, with the social needs of autistic children as an intermediary, it is expected to further explore new directions for sustainable urban development. Finally, combined with the research results, parents of ASD children are given proposals for how to increase the likelihood of children’s play behavior by choosing appropriate urban built environments.
Changes in Volunteering of Older Adults in the Time of the COVID-19 Pandemic: The Role of Motivations
Authors: Principi Andrea , Lucantoni Davide , Quattrini Sabrina , Di Rosa Mirko , Socci Marco
Published: November 2022

This paper elucidates the relationship between possible changes in volunteering experienced by older people during the COVID-19 pandemic, and their motivation to volunteer, as well as the direct or indirect experience of COVID-19 symptoms. Given the well-known positive benefits of volunteering in older age both for individuals (in terms of improved health and wellbeing) and society at large, there is a paucity of studies on older volunteers in the time of COVID-19. In this context, older people’s volunteering was highly challenged due to age-based physical and social restrictions put in place by national governments, which have been considered as ageist by a large part of the gerontological scientific community. This study was carried out on a sample of 240 Italian older volunteers. The results suggest that during the COVID-19 pandemic, especially older volunteers driven by social goals (e.g., opportunities to have relationships with others) were able to continue volunteer activities without needing to change them. The study also clarified that having directly or indirectly experienced COVID-19 symptoms did not influence changes in voluntary activities of older people. These results have important policy implications, given the indication that through volunteering, older individuals may try to counter the undesired calls by the governments for self-isolation and physical distancing. It is important that in emergency situations involving older people, policy makers should not treat them as only recipients of health and social care, but also as useful providers of help in the community.
The Mediating Effect of Perceived Social Support on Mental Health and Life Satisfaction among Residents: A Cross-Sectional Analysis of 8500 Subjects in Taian City, China
Authors: Dong Yaru , Xu Lingzhong , Wu Shoucai , Qin Wenzhe , Hu Fangfang , Li Menghua , Xu Yanrui
Published: November 2022

Several studies have explored the relationship between mental health and life satisfaction. However, few studies have clarified the mechanisms underlying the relationship between mental health and life satisfaction among a large sample of the whole population. The aim of this study was to explore the mediating role of perceived social support between mental health and life satisfaction among the residents in Taian City, China. A total of 8500 residents were included in the analysis. A descriptive analysis was conducted to describe the sample characteristics. Pearson correlation was employed to explore the correlation between mental health and life satisfaction. The mediating role of perceived social support was analyzed using SPSS26.0. This study found that the residents’ average score of life satisfaction was 24.60 ± 4.12. Mental health was significantly correlated with perceived social support and life satisfaction. After adjusting for controlling variables, perceived social support played a partially mediating effect on mental health and life satisfaction, accounting for 21.04% of the total effect. However, data are cross-sectional, and causal conclusions cannot be drawn. Attention should be paid to the residents’ mental health and intervention should be considered for residents with mental disorders to improve the residents’ life satisfaction.
Predictive Value of Pelvic Floor Muscle Morphometry Using 3D/4D Ultrasound in Relation to the Success of Pelvic Floor Muscle Training in Women with Stress Urinary Incontinence
Authors: Hagovska Magdalena , Svihra Ján , Urdzik Peter
Published: November 2022

The aim of our study was to establish the predictive value of pelvic floor muscle morphometry using 3D/4D ultrasound in relation to the success of pelvic floor muscle training (PFMT) for 12 weeks in women with stress urinary incontinence (SUI). A total of 86 women with SUI from regional gynaecological and urological outpatient clinics were enrolled on this cross-sectional study. SUI symptoms were assessed by the International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire (ICIQ-UI SF). Pelvic floor muscle function was evaluated using a perineometer. Pelvic floor muscle morphometry (PFMM) was evaluated by the size of the urogenital hiatus (HA in cm2) at rest (R), at contraction (C) and during the Valsalva manoeuvre, i.e., a strong push (V), by 3D/4D USG. The intervention was PFMT for 12 weeks. After PFMT, we noted significant improvement in SUI symptoms, pelvic floor muscle function and morphometry. Moderately significant (0.001) negative correlations were confirmed between the total ICIQ-UI SF score and strength (−0.236 **) and endurance (−0.326 **) of the maximal voluntary contraction (MvC), the number of MvC lasting 3 s (−0.406 **) and 1 s (−0.338 **). Moderately significant (0.001) positive correlations were confirmed between the total ICIQ-UI SF score and R (r = 0.453 **), C (r = 0.533 **) and V (r = 0.442 **). The predictive value of PFMM reached a positive prediction of a decrease with an ICIQ-UI SF score below 8. HA during V was most strongly associated with SUI reduction, with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.87 (p ≤ 0.001), a positive predictive value of 83.3%, a negative predictive value of 75.0%, sensitivity of 78.9% and specificity of 80.0%. The predictive values of pelvic floor muscle morphometry using 3D/4D USG confirmed the success of PFMT in women with SUI.
Health Risk Assessment of Dermal Exposure to Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons from the Use of Infant Diapers
Authors: Bernard Alfred , Dudler Vincent
Published: November 2022

In September 2021, the European Chemicals Agency evaluated a dossier for restricting polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in infant diapers and concluded that risks were not demonstrated, because of inconclusive exposure data. To fill this gap, we measured the 16 priority PAHs of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency in the diaper core of four brands and in the sheets and fastening tapes of six brands of commercially available diapers. Health risks were conservatively assessed by assuming that dermally absorbed PAHs can cause both local (skin cancer) and systemic critical effects (neurobehavioral changes). Total concentrations of PAHs in the diaper core and top sheet, the only significant contributors to skin exposure, averaged 26.5 μg/kg and 66.6 μg/kg, respectively. Excess skin cancer risks and hazard quotients for neurobehavioral effects calculated with the daily dose of total PAHs from the combined diaper core and top sheet averaged 1.44 × 10−7 and 1.19 × 10−2, respectively. The median daily doses of total PAHs and of its benzo[a]pyrene-equivalent from breast milk estimated worldwide are 171 and 30 times greater than that from the combined diaper core and top sheet, respectively. Altogether, these findings indicate that trace levels of PAHs found in infant diapers are unlikely to pose health risks.
A Bibliometric-Based Analytical Framework for the Study of Smart City Lifeforms in China
Authors: Xu Yanmin , Li Wengang , Tai Jianjiang , Zhang Chunjiong
Published: November 2022

Smart cities are the future development direction of cities and are a comprehensive expression of the development of the organic life body of cities. The organic life form of a smart city relates to viewing the city as an organic life self-organizing system based on the wholeness and systemic nature of the smart city life form itself, to construct a holistic spatial linkage of the functions and mechanisms of the city life system, and to enhance the overall vitality of the space. This study is based on the literature of “smart city” research in the China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) database, and the current situation and related themes of smart city research in China are discussed through co-word analysis and cluster analysis using software such as SPSS and VOSviewer, among which there are four themes in co-word cluster analysis, namely, intelligent technology supporting smart city research; research on the integration of the social system of a smart city; research on the top-level strategic design and planning and construction of a smart city; and research on the development, evaluation, and concrete practice of smart city construction. Four conclusions are drawn from the development of smart city research in China: Firstly, smart city research has attracted the attention of multiple disciplines, and the research themes are scattered and integrated across disciplinary systems. Secondly, smart city construction, development rules, and characteristics need to be further explored, and the problems, future trends, and policy support for the modernization of China’s cities and towns have been focused on engineering and technology, with a lack of practical research in non-technical areas such as humanities and ethics. Thirdly, the philosophical humanism and ecological ethics of smart cities need to be systematized, and their construction and development needs to be humanistic, systematic, and comprehensive, thus contributing to the sustainability, livability, ecology, and wisdom of future urban development. Fourthly, the development of the smart city system is supported by theories related to global cities and innovative cities, and the world city, a product of globalization, is undergoing a transformation into a digital and intelligent organic urban life form.
Near Missed Case of Occupational Pleural Malignant Mesothelioma, a Case Report and Latest Therapeutic Options
Authors: Handra Claudia-Mariana , Chirila Marinela , Smarandescu Raluca-Andreea , Ghita Isabel
Published: November 2022

Asbestos use started to be gradually banned in Europe from 1991 onwards, and there are currently strict occupational exposure limits for asbestos. However, malignant mesothelioma has a long latency time (in some cases up to 50–60 years), so the risks related to asbestos exposure should not be forgotten. Considering the increased risk of lung cancer following the inhalation of asbestos fibers, lifetime health monitoring should be considered in people occupationally exposed to asbestos, with an emphasis on the respiratory system. An assessment of their occupational history should be performed rigorously, especially in the areas with a history of asbestos production/use, as this is a key element for an early diagnosis and appropriate treatment. This case report presents a near-missed case of occupational pleural malignant mesothelioma. The latency time between the first asbestos exposure and the diagnosis of occupational pleural malignant mesothelioma was 49 years. The accurate diagnosis was made two years after the first symptoms appeared.
Predictors of Early Cardiac Implantable Electronic Device Lead Dislodgement in the Elderly
Authors: Mlynarski Rafal , Mlynarska Agnieszka , Joniec Michal , Gladysz-Wanha Sylwia , Honkowicz Maciej , Stachanczyk Joanna , Golba Krzysztof S.
Published: November 2022

Introduction: One of the most frequent cardiac implantable electronic device (CIED) implantation complications is lead dislodgement, especially in the older adult population. Little evidence is available about the influence of frailty on the risk of lead dislodgment after CIED implantation procedures; thus, the evaluation of frailty could be relevant for the course and safety of the implantation procedure, especially among the elderly with cardiovascular diseases. This study aimed to assess the risks and predictors of early lead dislodgement in the elderly population. Methods: Between 2008 and 2021, 14,293 patients underwent implantations. In 400 elderly patients, lead dislodgement was confirmed, and frailty was retrospectively calculated. Results: The most frequent dislodgement according to the lead position was that of the atrial lead (133; 33.3%). In the logistic regression, frailty (OR: 1.8196, 95% CI:1.4991–2.2086; p < 0.0001) and age (OR: 1.0315, 95% CI:1.0005–1.0634; p < 0.0461) were independent predictors of early dislodgement. In the female group, frailty (OR: 2.1185, 95% CI: 1.5530–2.8899; p < 0.0001) was an independent predictor of early dislodgement. Similarly, in the male group, frailty (OR: 1.6321, 95% CI:1.2725–2.0934; p < 0.0001) was an independent predictor of early dislodgement. Conclusion: Lead dislodgement often occurs in the elderly. Frailty in both men and women is a predictive factor of early lead dislodgment. Evaluating frailty may be an essential element of proper selection, especially in the elderly undergoing CIED procedures, and, consequently, it could help prevent further complications.
Chronic Ulcerative Stomatitis (CUS) as an Interdisciplinary Diagnostic Challenge: A Literature Review
Authors: Cichońska Dominika , Komandera Dominika , Mazuś Magda , Kusiak Aida
Published: November 2022

Chronic ulcerative stomatitis (CUS) is a rarely reported disease affecting the oral cavity, most often affecting middle-aged Caucasian females. The aim of the present study is to present the diagnosis, differentiation, and interdisciplinary treatment of this rare disease. CUS is characterized by the presence of an oral erosive or ulcerative lesion. The autoimmune pathogenesis of CUS includes affecting the antigen’s activity by DNA-breaking and protein-hydrolyzing enzymes. The stratified epithelium-specific antinuclear antibodies (SES-ANA) are associated with CUS development. Clinically, the lesions presented in oral mucosa might resemble an erosive form of oral lichen planus, whereas gingival lesions seem to be similar to desquamative gingivitis related to dermatological diseases manifested in the oral cavity. Patients often report subjective symptoms related to oral mucosa and general symptoms. Histopathological presentation of CUS is often non-specific and includes sub-epithelial separation from underlying connective tissue, atrophic epithelium, and inflammatory infiltrate with an increased number of plasma cells and lymphocytes. Direct immunofluorescence (DIF) might be used in CUS diagnostics. CUS generally remains nonsusceptible to corticosteroid treatments; however, antimalarial drugs and calcineurin inhibitors are more effective. Further research should be conducted in order to implement a diagnostic protocol and observe the long-term results of CUS management.
Effect of Pd2Spermine on Mice Brain-Liver Axis Metabolism Assessed by NMR Metabolomics
Authors: Carneiro Tatiana J. , Vojtek Martin , Gonçalves-Monteiro Salomé , Batista de Carvalho Ana L. M. , Marques Maria Paula M. , Diniz Carmen , Gil Ana M.
Published: November 2022

Cisplatin (cDDP)-based chemotherapy is often limited by severe deleterious effects (nephrotoxicity, hepatotoxicity and neurotoxicity). The polynuclear palladium(II) compound Pd2Spermine (Pd2Spm) has emerged as a potential alternative drug, with favorable pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic properties. This paper reports on a Nuclear Magnetic Resonance metabolomics study to (i) characterize the response of mice brain and liver to Pd2Spm, compared to cDDP, and (ii) correlate brain-liver metabolic variations. Multivariate and correlation analysis of the spectra of polar and lipophilic brain and liver extracts from an MDA-MB-231 cell-derived mouse model revealed a stronger impact of Pd2Spm on brain metabolome, compared to cDDP. This was expressed by changes in amino acids, inosine, cholate, pantothenate, fatty acids, phospholipids, among other compounds. Liver was less affected than brain, with cDDP inducing more metabolite changes. Results suggest that neither drug induces neuronal damage or inflammation, and that Pd2Spm seems to lead to enhanced brain anti-inflammatory and antioxidant mechanisms, regulation of brain bioactive metabolite pools and adaptability of cell membrane characteristics. The cDDP appears to induce higher extension of liver damage and an enhanced need for liver regeneration processes. This work demonstrates the usefulness of untargeted metabolomics in evaluating drug impact on multiple organs, while confirming Pd2Spm as a promising replacement of cDDP.
Neuroprotection and Non-Invasive Brain Stimulation: Facts or Fiction?
Authors: Guidetti Matteo , Bertini Alessandro , Pirone Francesco , Sala Gessica , Signorelli Paola , Ferrarese Carlo , Priori Alberto , Bocci Tommaso
Published: November 2022

Non-Invasive Brain Stimulation (NIBS) techniques, such as transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS) and repetitive Magnetic Transcranial Stimulation (rTMS), are well-known non-pharmacological approaches to improve both motor and non-motor symptoms in patients with neurodegenerative disorders. Their use is of particular interest especially for the treatment of cognitive impairment in Alzheimer’s Disease (AD), as well as axial disturbances in Parkinson’s (PD), where conventional pharmacological therapies show very mild and short-lasting effects. However, their ability to interfere with disease progression over time is not well understood; recent evidence suggests that NIBS may have a neuroprotective effect, thus slowing disease progression and modulating the aggregation state of pathological proteins. In this narrative review, we gather current knowledge about neuroprotection and NIBS in neurodegenerative diseases (i.e., PD and AD), just mentioning the few results related to stroke. As further matter of debate, we discuss similarities and differences with Deep Brain Stimulation (DBS)—induced neuroprotective effects, and highlight possible future directions for ongoing clinical studies.
Pluripotent Stem Cells in Clinical Cell Transplantation: Focusing on Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived RPE Cell Therapy in Age-Related Macular Degeneration
Authors: Yang Yi-Ping , Hsiao Yu-Jer , Chang Kao-Jung , Foustine Shania , Ko Yu-Ling , Tsai Yi-Ching , Tai Hsiao-Yun , Ko Yu-Chieh , Chiou Shih-Hwa , Lin Tai-Chi , Chen Shih-Jen , Chien Yueh , Hwang De-Kuang
Published: November 2022

Human pluripotent stem cells (PSCs), including both embryonic stem cells (ESCs) and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), represent valuable cell sources to replace diseased or injured tissues in regenerative medicine. iPSCs exhibit the potential for indefinite self-renewal and differentiation into various cell types and can be reprogrammed from somatic tissue that can be easily obtained, paving the way for cell therapy, regenerative medicine, and personalized medicine. Cell therapies using various iPSC-derived cell types are now evolving rapidly for the treatment of clinical diseases, including Parkinson’s disease, hematological diseases, cardiomyopathy, osteoarthritis, and retinal diseases. Since the first interventional clinical trial with autologous iPSC-derived retinal pigment epithelial cells (RPEs) for the treatment of age-related macular degeneration (AMD) was accomplished in Japan, several preclinical trials using iPSC suspensions or monolayers have been launched, or are ongoing or completed. The evolution and generation of human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-universal iPSCs may facilitate the clinical application of iPSC-based therapies. Thus, iPSCs hold great promise in the treatment of multiple retinal diseases. The efficacy and adverse effects of iPSC-based retinal therapies should be carefully assessed in ongoing and further clinical trials.