bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
MULTIMODALITY AND MULTIMEDIALITY IN COMMUNICATION
Authors:   Politehnica University Timişoara, Suciu Lavinia , Mocofan Muguraș ,   Politehnica University Timişoara
Published: May 2023

Many of the latest studies on the new communication technologies tend to focus more on the opportunities and facilities provided by the transmission medium rather than on the modes of representation. Starting from the idea that the various forms of representation or communication and their means of dissemination are intrinsically linked, in this paper we intend to highlight some aspects related to the production of the message from this particular perspective. The diversity of the forms of representation, which is generated by the peculiarities of the medium of transmission, coupled with the variety of means to process and transfer them demand a complex approach to the message. Hence, we will analyze the creation of a promotional message for an MA study program and we will emphasize the constraints imposed by the context, the aim and the communication framework, on the one hand, as well as the implications for the message due to the multiplicity of the communication channels, on the other. In other words, we attempt to showcase the multimodality and the multimediality of communication.
THE SOCIALIZATION BETWEEN THE EFFECTIVE AND VIRTUAL PATTERNS
Authors:   West University of Timisoara, Nadolu Delia , Nadolu Bogdan ,   West University of Timisoara
Published: May 2023

The socialization between the effective and virtual patterns – represent a sociological paper focus on the daily effects generated by the over-utilization of the NICT. The extensive utilization of the any devices dedicated for various kind of computer mediated communication can generate an alteration of the basic socialization skills, like direct interactions, face-to-face communication, empathize and so on. If the social interactions trend to be developed mostly into the technological mediated way, than this pattern will be reflected into the loosing of the classical abilities for living together with others. Are we approaching for a living model such in well known Isaac Asimov SF novel, ”The Robots from Aurora”, without any direct interactions? We will try not to find solutions, but only to show the contemporary risks.
Perlaksanaan Perundangan Syariah dalam Era Kebawah Duli Yang Maha Mulia Sultan Haji Hassanal Bolkiah Mu’izzaddin Waddaulah: Mercu Tanda Kegemilangan Islam Kontemporari
Authors: Abdurrahman Raden Aji Haqqi
Published: May 2023

Pada ketika negara-negara Islam dalam proses mengurangi pengaruh undang-undang Islam dalam system perundangannya, Negara Brunei Dasussalam mengambil langkah sebaliknya. Brunei Darussalam malah memperkukuh perundangan Islam dalam system pentadbirannya secara keseluruhannya. Pada ketika negara-negara di dunia sibuk dengan kemajuan duniawi, Negara Brunei Darussalam berani melihat ke hadapan dengan mengambil kira kehidupan ukhrawi dengan Gagasan dan pelaksanaan Negara Zikir. Pada ketika negara-negara lain mempromosikan keagungan hidup dunia, Negara Brunei Darussalam sedang dalam menyempurnakan negara dengan sifat Baldatun Tayyibatun Wa Rabbun Ghafur. Undang-undang Syariah yang kukuh; Negara Zikir yang dicita-citakan; dan Baldatun Tayyibatun Ghafurun yang sedang disempurnakan merupakan tonggak kemajuan Negara Brunei Darussalam yang berpaksikan alam yang kekal pada hari kandila sebagaimana yang sentiasa dikumandangkan dan ditegaskan oleh Kebawah Duli Yang Maha Mulia Sultan Haji Hassanal Bolkiah Mu’izzaddin Waddaulah, Sultan dan Yang Di-Pertuan Negara Brunei Darussalam selama pemerintahan Baginda dari 5 Oktober 1967 hingga hari ini. “Adalah menjadi hasrat Beta dan Kerajaan Beta untuk terus memelihara ajaran-ajaran Islam menurut Ahli Sunnah Wal-Jamaah sebagai suatu cara hidup dan landasan kepada pentadbiran Kerajaan Negara Brunei Darussalam – sesuai dengan kedudukan agama Islam sebagai agama rasmi Negara.” (Petikan Titah sempena pembukaan rasmi Persidangan Belia Islam Asia Tenggara dan Pasifik di Maktab Perguruan Ugama Seri Begawan Pada 18 Mac, 1984) Kertas kerja ini menggunakan metod deskripsi dan kajian perpustakaan di mana ia membaca, memerhati, mengkaji dan menganalisis rujukan-rujukan yang sedia ada. Dan sebagai temuan akhir kertas kerja ini didapati bahawa perlaksanaan Syariah dalam era Kebawah Duli Yang Maha Mulia Sultan Haji Hassanal Bolkiah Mu’izzaddin Waddaulah merupakan mercu tanda kegemilangan Islam kontemporari yang menjadikan Negara Brunei Darussalam mempunyai karakter, kecemerlangan dan keunggulan tersendiri dalam kancah pergumulan perjalanan negara-negara di dunia hari ini.
Air Quality Monitoring System
Authors:   Information Technology, V.S.B College of Engineering Technical Campus/ Anna University, Tamilnadu, India., N Karpagam , M Abirami , R Revathi , S Arun kumar
Published: May 2023

In both developed and developing countries, air pollution is increasing daily, compromising the air quality index and causing harm to everyone. Some of the reasons for this rapid increase in air pollution include the growing population, rising number of industries, rapid urbanization, and excessive use of fuel-consuming transportation. Hence, there is an ever-increasing need to monitor air quality using an energy-efficient, ubiquitous and connected manner. The system presented in this project is an advanced real time air quality reporting system supported with Internet Of things (IOT) architecture. The term Internet of Things (IoT) describes the network of physical objects—“things”—that are embedded with sensors, software, and other technologies for the purpose of connecting and exchanging data with other devices and systems over the internet. Degrading air qualit has been a matter of concern nowadays and real time monitoring of air quality helps us to keep a check on it.Air Quality is the scale to measure how polluted the air is. Greater air pollution indicates more dangerous air is for human health. The model presented here uses a combination of the Arduino IDE software and hardware along with a Gas sensors - MQ135, temperature and humidity sensor which help in detecting gases like NO2, CO, Ammonia, and Sulphide. Live location tracking and Data updating will also be done with the help of GPS and IOT. Further, this research work monitor the Air Quality over an IOT analytics application BLYNK using internet connected with the hardware. It can also integrate the real time data into our mobile phone app. The circuit finally displays the PPM values as well as Air Quality level of gases on an Android application which fetches data from sensor through IoT. The current model is implemented successfully and can be deployed for real system implementations. Key Word: Air quality, Temperature, Humidity , Fire
Usages des technologies numériques par l’administration publique des villes algériennes : une évaluation de la e-Administration dans la ville de Bejaïa en Algérie
Authors: Khelladi Anissa , Ait Sidhoum Houria
Published: May 2023

L’objectif de ce présent papier est de tenter d’évaluer la réalité de l’adoption des technologies numériques (TN) par les villes algériennes, à travers l’approche administration publique /citoyen, via ce qu’on appelle la : e-administration. Le but est de dresser un diagnostic du construit et des obstacles d’appropriation de ces technologies à travers un cas pratique, qui porte sur la ville de Bejaïa. Ce travail détermine d’abord, la relation étroite entre les TN et la ville, sous l’angle de la communication publique et territoriale. Ensuite, il a comme objectif d'analyser le rôle de l’administration électronique comme vecteur d’insertion des villes dans la dynamique de la société de l’information à travers le concept de la gouvernance intelligente et enfin d’essayer d’évaluer le processus de numérisation de l’administration publique au niveau de la ville de Bejaïa.
Analysis of Small Modular Nuclear Reactor Construction on the Moon
Authors:   Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, The University of Alabama in Huntsville, Nikitaeva Diana , Thomas L. Dale ,   Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, The University of Alabama in Huntsville
Published: May 2023

The current goals of lunar exploration include the return of humans to the Moon for scientific activities and the ability to implement lunar in-situ resource utilization (ISRU) for propellant production and construction. Both goals will consume power and one option to meet these power requirements are small nuclear reactors (Kilopower or Pylon). Launching these might not be beneficial in the future as the lunar infrastructure develops and the power requirements grow. The possibility of lunar independence from Earth in terms of ISRU must be considered. This paper discusses the materials used in each nuclear reactor including the fuel, reflector, working fluid, etc. along with lunar abundancy of each element used in these materials. Since no lunar ore mining or material production concepts were found, a review of Earth-based mining and production methods for each material were described. As a result, furnaces, mills/crushers, and fluidized bed reactors can be utilized for various processes in material production. Other processes including leaching, flotation, etc. will need their own machines. In the future, designing multifunctional furnaces and ball mills or crushers can be considered since this will simplify the lunar infrastructure and can be advantageous in the long run decreasing Earth dependency and cost. Keywords: Lunar Resource Utilization, Fission Surface Power, Material Production
Perlas clínicas: Síntesis Guía GOLD 2023
Authors:   Universidad de Antioquia, Hincapié Isaza Mateo , Vesga Naranjo Juan José ,   Universidad de Antioquia
Published: May 2023

Reconocer la importancia de la EPOC para la salud pública; en quiénes se recomienda el tamizaje, cuáles son las indicaciones y cómo se interpreta la espirometría, además de quiénes pueden necesitar pruebas adicionales. Asimismo, el lector podrá aplicar la evidencia y las recomendaciones más recientes sobre la clasificación, tratamiento y seguimiento del paciente, tanto ambulatorias como en el contexto de urgencias.
The future of human resources role
Authors: Troilo Fernando
Published: May 2023

Objective and interest of the work: The objective of this research was to describe the role of the human resources function towards the future of organizations. This is relevant in a complex environment that demands adequate management of people, to face organizational challenges and ensure competitiveness. Methodology design: To meet the objective of the research, a qualitative approach was implemented by conducting interviews with general managers and human resources directors, in order to obtain the opinions and visions from the business leadership and the function itself on the future of the human resources area. Results: The findings show that the future role of human resources area will be fundamentally related to managing cultural transformations, ensuring the necessary talent, taking care of people's health and well-being, incorporating technology and generating agility in organizations. Practical implications: The results evidenced the need to rethink the human capital area and redesign its practices, keeping the focus on both the business and the people.
Représentations sociales de l’assurance : étude comparative chez les étudiants français et sénégalais
Authors: Coulibaly Boubacar , Étoundi Jean-Claude , Farzaneh Pahlavan
Published: May 2023

L’objectif de ce travail est d’étudier comparativement la représentation sociale de l’assurance chez les étudiants français et sénégalais. Partant de l’hypothèse d’une représentation sociale différente induite par le contexte social, l’étude a été réalisée en France (N = 186) et au Sénégal (N = 136). Les données collectées par le biais de questionnaires d’associations libres ont été soumises à une analyse hiérarchique. Les résultats présentés dans cette étude, par les termes qui constituent le noyau central, montrent que la représentation sociale de l’assurance est considérée, aussi bien chez les étudiants français que sénégalais, comme un moyen de protection car source de sécurité et de confiance. Cependant, les participants des deux groupes se distinguent sur la primauté accordée à certaines dimensions spécifiques de la représentation. Si les participants français axent leur discours sur les différents types de contrat ainsi que les aspects financiers des assurances, leurs homologues sénégalais s’attardent davantage sur la mission de l’assurance dans la société.
Dermal skeleton of the stem osteichthyan Ligulalepis from the Lower Devonian of New South Wales (Australia)
Authors: Burrow Carole J. , Young Gavin C. , Lu Jing
Published: May 2023

When first described based on isolated scales, Ligulalepis was assigned to thePalaeoniscoidea, a basal group of actinopterygians (ray-finned fishes). Recent cladisticanalyses, mainly based on skull and neurocranial characters, have mostly recovered thetaxon (or, ‘Ligulalepis’) as a stem osteichthyan. Here we present information on Ligulalepisdermal elements other than scales and skulls, that include a cheek fragment, a premaxilla,other marginal jaw elements and teeth, an accessory vomer, a partial shoulder girdle,incomplete spine-like elements, and a gular plate. The shoulder girdle and premaxilla compareclosely with those of basal actinopterygians, whereas the spine-like element showssome similarity to the distal end of the spines on medial dorsal plates of the Chinese LateSilurian stem osteichthyans Guiyu and Sparalepis, or alternatively to fin rays on the stemosteichthyan Dialipina. One of the jaw elements appears to be a compound jugal plate pluspart of the dentate maxilla, an arrangement not previously known in any Devonian stemosteichthyan, or actinopterygian. Histological structure of dermal plates somewhat resemblesthat of Meemannia, but pore openings in Ligulalepis lead only to the vascular canalnetwork at the base of the ornament layer and not to a pore canal network. Like previousphylogenetic analyses, our analysis incorporating post-cranial dermal skeleton charactersalso recovered Ligulalepis as a stem osteichthyan.
‘Star Trek Picard’, o por qué la vida del ‘freelance’ puede encontrarse en las estrellas
Authors: Herrera Raquel
Published: May 2023

Dos de las sagas de ciencia ficción televisiva y cinematográfica que más repercusión mundial han tenido son Star Wars y Star Trek. Las dos continúan su expansión transmedia, que incluye precuelas y secuelas en cine y televisión, así como todo tipo de merchandising, eventos e influencia en la sociedad y en la interacción en línea. Ahora bien, ¿habéis pensado alguna vez que Star Trek podría llegar a representar al siempre difícil de representar colectivo de los freelances?
Evaluation of the Data Centre Waste Heat Potential in District Heating in Latvia
Authors: Pakere Ieva , Gončarovs Kirils , Grāvelsiņš Armands
Published: May 2023

Data centres are large global energy consumers that create low-temperature waste heat. To alleviate the impact of the temperature increase on the information technology equipment, the data centres are cooled with different technical solutions, drastically increasing the facilities’ power consumption. In different regions, the use of data centre waste heat combined with heat pumps in district heating systems was identified as a lower-cost heat energy generation solution compared to alternative fossil or renewable energy-based heating solutions. The research paper aims to identify the data centre’s waste heat potential as an energy source in district heating in Latvia. The technical and economic potential for using heat pumps in the data centre’s waste heat systems was evaluated. To reach the goal of the study, a mixed methodological approach was used divided into four steps: the creation of the statistical calculation method, stakeholder survey to evaluate the energy consumption, mapping of the quantitative results to evaluate technical potential and distribution patterns, and system dynamics modelling to evaluate possible adoption scenarios of the technological solutions. The results of the research reveal a heterogenic distribution of data centres in Latvia, which limits the use of waste heat at the national level. Furthermore, the study identified the total waste heat potential of data centres in Latvia and provided recommendations for the adoption of data centres’ waste heat based on the results of the system dynamic simulations.
Solar Photovoltaics in District Heating and Cooling Sector: An Overview
Authors: Sukumaran Sreenath , Volkova Anna
Published: May 2023

With the prevalent energy scenario and climate changes, decarbonising energy sector has become the need of the hour. An environmentally friendly way is the utilisation of solar energy, which mainly involves the deployment of photovoltaic (PV) panels and/or solar thermal collectors. Unlike electricity generation, the application of photovoltaics in the district heating & cooling (DHC) sector is relatively new. Also, this energy route is not fully explored by scientific community. This paper aims to provide an overview of the photovoltaic application in district heating & cooling sector. At first, the utilisation of solar energy in the DHC sector is briefly described. Then relevant literature in PVDHC is reviewed. It was understood that different topologies are in place for solar energy integration in the DHC system. These topologies vary in terms of the chosen technology, energy storage, system configuration (centralized/distributed) and components. It was found that the research database on the studied topic needs enhancement, with a special focus on PV cooling. From the literature survey, it is deduced that solar PV could play a significant role in future DHC systems due to the possible combination with other energy sources or electric grid or storage technology. Based on the SWOT analysis, it is concluded that there is an enormous opportunity for PV integration in the DHC sector. However, adequate techno-economic support is required to overcome threats and weaknesses. This study is expected to be beneficial to policymakers, researchers and other stakeholders in district energy market.
Sustainable Electrification and Digitalisation for Greening Small and Medium-Sized Ports along the TEN-T Corridors
Authors: Meyer Christopher , Gerlitz Laima , Prause Gunnar
Published: May 2023

Despite the highest competition among the big EU seaports – gateways and hubs, such as Rotterdam, Antwerp, Hamburg or Valencia, etc., which stand for the Core Ports in the European Union (EU) Trans-European Transport Network (TEN-T) Core and Comprehensive Network, the present paper addresses challenges and raises potentials immanent in Small and Medium-Sized Ports (SMSPs) in the EU. Environmental responsibility and digital efficiency – Europe’s twin to a green and digital economy paves the way for SMSPs to improve innovation capacity, upgrade demanded future skills and competencies, accelerate EU policies compliant operational, environmental, digital, social, and market performance. The paper deploys a multi-case study approach. Using an ecosystem approach, the paper reveals potentials and pinpoints to key short- and long-term challenges pursuant to SMSPs in the three different EU macro-regions – Baltic Sea Region, AdriaticIonian Sea Region and Mediterranean Sea Region along the four TEN-T Core Network Corridors – Baltic-Adriatic, Orient-East Med, North Sea-Baltic and Scandinavian-Mediterranean. Departing from the role model – Baltic Sea Region – ports of Klaipeda, Wismar, Stralsund and 10 Estonian SPSMs are connected via TEN-T corridors with ports of Bari, la Spezia in Italy and Corfu and Igoumenitsa in Greece. In this vein, knowledge, skills and best practices are transferred from the North Europe to the South and vice versa using the concepts of co-creation and servitisation. Illustrated case studies reveal how all SMSPs are capable to kick-start environmental and digital transition with solutions on Onshore Power Supply (OPS), electrification and digitalisation of port operations through Internet of Things (IoT) and Blockchain solutions used for transport and monitoring operations.
A Dynamic Simulation Tool for Modelling Climate Neutrality Scenarios in Municipalities
Authors: Barisa Aiga , Kubule Anna , Kirsanovs Vladimirs , Adamovica Una
Published: May 2023

Human activities, primarily burning fossil fuels, have increased global temperature at an unprecedented rate since the pre-industrial period. Cities and municipalities have a crucial role in accelerating the decarbonization of economic sectors, since they are at the hub of economic development and progress. The percentage of people who live in cities is expected to rise significantly by 2050, and so do GHG emissions from cities unless urban decision-makers commit to significant improvements. They are in charge of establishing a strategy course to boost energy efficiency, generate renewable energy, and reduce GHG emissions. They are crucial in inspiring communities and stakeholders to promote energy alternatives that are climate neutral. Nevertheless, this potential is not yet fully realized due to a lack of knowledge and helpful tools. It is challenging for municipality representatives to estimate baseline CO2 emissions, and it is even more difficult to comprehend several potential future situations. This research contextualizes a new computer simulation tool called the CommitClimate Simulator. The tool was developed to help municipalities calculate the carbon footprint and propose a framework for long-term scenario design and future projections. The modeling tool is based on the System Dynamics approach and includes all major GHG emission sectors following international guidelines. The modeling results emphasize the significant impact of behavior change measures on transforming local economies towards climate neutrality. Behavioral change measures are especially crucial in hard-to-decarbonize sectors such as transport. This means that policymakers should not only consider technical or economic aspects in the policy design process, but great care should also be placed on public education and involvement, information and awareness raising campaigns, and fundamental research of energy consumption habits and determining factors.
Environmental Sustainability of Pasta Production: an Evaluation through Life Cycle Assessment
Authors: Paolotti Luisa , Corridoni Francesco , Rocchi Lucia , Boggia Antonio
Published: May 2023

The recent policy of Green Deal aims to a transition towards ‘healthy, equitable and sustainable communities’. One of the key sectors analysed within the Green Deal is the agri-food chain, with the strategy ‘From Farm to Fork’, aiming to design a sustainable food system from production to consumption, passing through industry processing, distribution and all related activities. At the agricultural level, the objectives are in line with those presented in the United Nations 2030 Agenda, from technologies and digitalization, to organic farming. As for the transformation and distribution phases, the Commission is promoting technological and technical innovation, the restructuring of companies and the improvement of the quality of work. The aim of this study is to perform a Life Cycle Assessment related to one of the main products of a company of the agri-food sector in central Italy. The product analysed is durum wheat pasta. A cradle to gate analysis is performed, starting from the cultivation of the wheat, arriving to the final pasta product. The different transformation steps are evaluated (e.g. cleaning, grinding, compression, extrusion), including the packaging process. The analysis is aimed at identifying the most critical phases along the chain, to plan improvements in terms of efficiency of the production process, with consequent enhancement of the environmental performance.
Numerical Evaluation of Wind Speed Influence on Accident Toxic Spill Consequences Scales
Authors: Skob Yurii , Yakovlev Sergiy , Pichugina Oksana , Kalinichenko Mykola , Korobchynskyi Kyryl , Hulianytskyi Andrii
Published: May 2023

This study aims to evaluate numerically the influence of wind speed on scales of environmental harmful consequences caused by accidentally spilled toxic liquid evaporated from the surface of a free-form outlined spill spot. A coupled problem of the gas-dynamic movement of a toxic air-mixture cloud in the surface layer of the atmosphere under the influence of wind and a negative toxic inhalation impact on a human in an accident zone is solved by means of mathematical modelling and computer experiment. Physical processes of toxic liquid evaporation from the spill spot, formation of a mixture of toxic gas with the incoming air, and further dispersion of a hazardous gaseous chemical in the atmosphere under various wind speed conditions are investigated. A three-dimensional non-stationary mathematical model of the turbulent movement of a gas-air mixture is used for obtaining distribution of relative mass concentration of toxic gas impurities in time and space. The model takes into account the complex terrain, compressibility of the gas flow, three-dimensional and non-stationary nature of actual physical processes, different toxic properties of chemical substances, and arbitrary contour shape of the toxic spill spot. A probabilistic harmful impact model based on using a modernized probit analysis method is used to obtain fields of the conditional probability of a fatal human injury resulting from toxic gas inhalation. This model extracts relative mass concentration of toxic gas that could cause negative impact on humans at any control point during calculation time step exposition, collects integral toxic dose values from the multicomponent gas mixture dynamics model, calculates a value of the probit function for the corresponding toxic inhalation dose dangerous factor, and automatically assesses the human fatal injury conditional probability using partial cubic Hermitian spline. This technique allows environmental safety experts assessing the scale of considered type technogenic accident consequences numerically depending on wind speed conditions and elaborating the means to mitigate them to acceptable levels.
Optical Modelling of a Fresnel Mirror Field for the Development of a Spectral Splitting CPVT Collector
Authors: Resch Alois , Höller Robert
Published: May 2023

Concentrating photovoltaic thermal (CPVT) collectors could contribute to supply renewable mid-temperature heat and electricity simultaneously, e.g. for applications in the industrial sector. Although CPVT can be still seen as a niche technology, it has a high potential for the future. One of the technological challenges of CPVT are the contradictory temperature requirements within the receiver, as the thermal part should provide temperatures as high as possible, while the electrical part consisting of conventional PV cells shows best efficiency at low temperature. Therefore, this research work focuses on the development of a CPVT collector with integrated Spectral Splitting, which is an approach to overcome the discrepancy of internal temperature demands. The basis for the developed CPVT collector is a Fresnel mirror field consisting of 28 mirror stripes and providing a gross area of 13.34 m². The presented paper describes the optical modelling of this Fresnel mirror field, which was necessary before working on the receiver design in order to yield the dimensions of expected focus image on the receiver input plane. Furthermore, the resulting concentrated irradiance is a major parameter for calculating thermal and electrical efficiencies of the system, thus, this was another target for the modelling work. The optical model for the Fresnel mirror field was developed in MATLAB™ in a general way, as the number of mirrors and all geometric parameters are set as input variables. This makes it possible to use it not only for the available mirror field, but also for the design and optimisation of any other Fresnel mirror system. The model calculates the single mirror angles depending on the sun position and considers all four mechanisms of internal shading that are typical for such concentrators. Furthermore, the cosine losses in transversal and longitudinal direction are calculated. The results of the modelling are satisfying, as the experimental validation on the present mirror field was successful. The model provides comprehensive outcomes like the geometric efficiency depending on the sun´s elevation angle, the mean geometric efficiency at varying geometric parameters, local and mean irradiance in the receiver input plane, as well as mean irradiance and total solar input depending on time.
Use of Synthetic Fuels Derived from Green Hydrogen and CO2 in Heavy-duty and Long-range Transport: the Case of Latvia
Authors: Valdmanis Gunārs , Drobins Maikls , Bazbauers Gatis
Published: May 2023

Decarbonization of the transport sector may be more challenging than it is for the power supply and heating sectors. Green hydrogen, i.e., produced from renewable energy sources, combined with CO2 captured from flue gases or air can be used to produce synthetic fuels, e.g., dimethyl ether (DME), ammonia, and jet fuel. These synthetic fuels can be used in heavy-duty and long-range transport, i.e., trucks, ships, and airplanes. The research question of this study is: how much green hydrogen and CO2 is needed to replace fossil fuel in the mentioned transport sectors with synthetic fuels? How much of the power demand for production of the synthetic fuels can be supplied from renewables, i.e., wind and solar power, considering the installed capacities of these technologies, and the excess power that can be used for the hydrolysis process. The case of Latvia for the year 2050 is used for the simulation of scenarios with various mixes of renewable power production. The simulation is done on an hourly basis for the whole year, using EnergyPLAN software as the modeling tool. The results show the total hydrogen and CO2 demand, the total power demand for hydrolysis of green hydrogen, and the share of the demand that can be covered by renewable power technologies. The results also include the costs of synthetic fuel supply for the considered transport sector. The results are obtained for scenarios of different combinations of installed capacities of wind power plants and solar PVs.
Advancing Honey Bee Breeding with Low-Cost, Rapid and Accessible DNA Analysis Techniques
Authors: Smilga-Spalviņa Agnese , Spalvins Kriss , Veidenbergs Ivars
Published: May 2023

Colony collapse disorder (CCD) is a major concern for beekeeping, and consistent breeding efforts are essential in addressing the various factors that contribute to CCD. Traditional breeding methods are often labour-intensive and may not yield the desired results in improving bee colony characteristics. The DNA analysis offers a potential solution by enabling the acceleration of breeding efforts, increasing predictability and reducing workload. While honey bee DNA analysis has been available for some time, its use in bee breeding has been limited to a few companies and research institutions. This review article aims to expand access to the DNA analysis by summarizing the genetic characteristics that can be determined, methods for predicting the transmission of these characteristics to future generations, and reviewing the most widely available methods and service providers for conducting DNA analyses. By utilizing the DNA analysis, a wider community of bee breeders can effectively address CCD and improve the quality and health of bee colonies.
Life Cycle Assessment of Black Soldier Fly, Yellow Mealworm and Soybean Protein for Use in Fish Feed
Authors: Zlaugotne Beate , Diaz Sanchez Fabian Andres , Pubule Jeļena , Blumberga Dagnija
Published: May 2023

As the consumption of fish in the human diet increases, a larger amount of production is needed. The growing demand for fish also has an impact on fish feed, its production efficiency and the sustainability of using raw materials. To evaluate the sustainability of raw materials and the impact on the environment, three protein alternatives are compared – black soldier fly, yellow mealworm and soybean. Each alternative has advantages and disadvantages. The advantages of black soldier fly and yellow mealworm are a valuable source of protein, sustainable growth (as feed can be used for food waste) and no need for arable land. Disadvantages of black soldier fly and yellow mealworm are price, an unbalanced diet can negatively affect growth, and nutritional value effect on the fish vary depending on fly or mealworm species. The advantages of soybeans are price, availability and high protein content, but the disadvantages are a lack of essential amino acids that affect the quality of fish and poor palatability. An LCA study has been carried out for the black soldier fly, yellow mealworm and soybean protein. From PEFCR most relevant impact categories are climate change, particulate matter, acidification, land use, eutrophication terrestrial and water use. The total single score value for black soldier fly protein is 1.43E+01 μPt, for yellow mealworm protein is 3.89E+02 μPt and for soybean protein is 9.72E+01 μPt. Large impact is from electricity consumption, used components for feed. Sensitivity analysis was performed for black soldier fly protein and yellow mealworm protein production, where feed composition was changed. In sensitivity analysis environmental impact is less from the new feed structure. The reason might be that the new feed structure has used food waste and wheat as feed ingredients.
Environmental Impact of Natural and Synthetic Astaxanthin Pigments using Life Cycle Assessment
Authors: Zlaugotne Beate , Diaz Sanchez Fabian Andres , Pubule Jeļena , Blumberga Dagnija
Published: May 2023

The growing demand for fish and the development of the industry raise concerns about environmental impact. As fish production increases, so does the consumption of fish feed. One of the ingredients in fish feed is pigment, which improves the nutritional value and visual appearance of the product, increasing their marketability. Astaxanthin is a red pigment that also has high antioxidant activity. Natural pigment from microalgae or synthetic pigment may be used in feed. The advantage of natural pigment from microalgae is ecological benefits, as the microalgae culture can sequester carbon and release oxygen. The advantage of synthetic pigment is the economic aspect. The Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) method was used to determine the environmental impact of natural and synthetic pigments. The results obtained from the LCA are expressed according to the impact categories defined by the Product Environmental Footprint Category Rules (PEFCR). Sensitivity analysis was performed for natural pigment, and changes were made only to electricity – electricity is produced by hydropower in Norway, or a country mix from Norway was used. Total single score value for natural pigment is 6.85E+01 mPt, and the largest impact is from preparation of the culture medium phase – from sodium nitrate and magnesium sulfate. Sensitivity analysis results for electricity from a country mix is 4.50E+02 mPt. Total single score value for synthetic pigment is 1.07E-01 mPt. The largest impact is from methanol and electricity consumption. Synthetic pigments have a lower environmental impact than natural pigments; however, a sensitivity analysis shows that the environmental impact can be reduced by choosing an alternative to electricity. It should be noted that the comparison presented reflects a general comparison of alternatives, as the input data is derived from a literature review.
Sustainable Cryopreservation and Above-freezing Storage Solutions of European Honey Bee Apis Mellifera Drone Semen: A Review
Authors: Smilga-Spalviņa Agnese , Spalvins Kriss , Veidenbergs Ivars
Published: May 2023

The European honeybee Apis mellifera is the main pollinator for most crops used for human consumption. However, a number of diseases, parasites, pesticides and other factors that generally result in the widely described colony collapse disorder weakens honeybee colonies. In order to maintain the existing honeybee germ lines and facilitate the creation of new disease-resistant lines, it is necessary to ensure consistent breeding work, which would also allow the long-term preservation of the unique germplasm lines. One of the most promising solutions for the preservation of honeybee germplasm is the storage of honeybee drone semen. In recent decades, there has been a renewed interest in the preservation of honeybee drone semen using both cryopreservation and non-freezing storage methods. This review will look at the latest developments in novel sperm storage technologies and compare them with well-known preservation solutions. Additionally, the most accessible and widely used solutions will be reviewed, taking into account the cost of the necessary equipment, the complexity of the methods, time consumption and resulting sperm quality.
Bibliometric Review of Electrification of Enterprise and Last-Mile Delivery Fleet
Authors: Scedrovs Aleksandrs , Feofilovs Maksims , Mendzins Karlis
Published: May 2023

The impact of transport on carbon emissions accounts for 16.2 % of total global emissions, of which road transport accounts for 11.9 %. Road freight accounts for 40 % of road transport emissions and 4.76 % of global CO2 emissions. This study analyses the existing scientific literature in the field of transport electrification for transport companies in general and for ‘last mile delivery’ logistics companies specializing in urban delivery within parcel collection networks. The purpose of this study is to determine the state of the art for electric vehicles in fleets and how this topic can be assessed for sustainability. Bibliographic validation is primarily quantitative and is the most efficient method for dealing with the large volumes of information from the Web of Science (WoS) and Scopus databases. VOSviewer software was used to map the relationships between the most frequently used keywords in academic articles. The results show a small number of research papers addressing the electrification of fleet transportation. Only 1 of 523 WoS publications and 1 of 656 fleet transport publications in Scopus covered last-mile delivery for the selected period (1985–2022). It should also be noted that only 39 publications in 1987 in WoS database and 29 papers in 1891 in Scopus on transport electrification have sustainability rating links. The study reveals a lack of research in the subfield of transport electrification. The authors conclude that more research on sustainability criteria for fleet electrification is needed to support a smooth transition to EVs within this specific subfield of transport and to contribute to emission decrease in transport sector.
Production of Biodiesel from Waste Vegetable Oil (WVO) using Nano CaO-NCC catalyst: Modelling and Optimization using Central Composite Design (CCD) in Response Surface Methodology (RSM)
Authors: Muthubi Shonisani Salvation , Rutto Hilary Limo , Shoko Lay , Banza Musamba
Published: May 2023

Biodiesel production as a fuel in diesel engines has expanded dramatically in recent years and is likely to increase more in the near future. Increasing biodiesel consumption requires optimized production techniques that allow for significant production capacities, simplified operations, high yields, and the usage of more cost-effective feedstocks such as waste oils and fats. In this study, biodiesel was produced from waste vegetable oil (WVO) and Methanol (CH3OH) in the presence of a nanoCaONCC catalyst that was derived from industrial waste that mainly consists of Calcium Carbonate (CaCO3). The produced nanoparticle catalyst was characterized by using FTIR, SEM, and XRD. Response surface methodology (RSM) was used to determine the optimum operating conditions for the highest biodiesel yield. After applying the RSM methods using the CCD experimental design, the optimum biodiesel production was found to be at a temperature of 55 °C, catalyst loading of 1.25 % w/v, Methanol to oil ratio of 1:5 w/w, and reaction time of 75 min with an average yield of 94.01 %. The FTIR showed the presence of the CaO and NCC functional groups. SEM image revealed that the produced catalyst is more porous, with a small particle size. The XRD pattern presented the presence of cellulose (NCC) and Calcium Oxide (CaO) nanoparticles in the synthesized catalyst. The R2 of 0.963 was found to be for the mathematical models to predict biodiesel production.
Carbon Neutrality in Municipalities: Balancing Local and Centralized Renewable Energy Solutions
Authors: Balode Lauma , Zlaugotne Beate , Grāvelsiņš Armands , Svedovs Oskars , Pakere Ieva , Kirsanovs Vladimirs , Blumberga Dagnija
Published: May 2023

Carbon-neutrality in municipalities can be achieved by combining individual heating (IH) and district heating (DH) solutions involving the use of renewable energy sources (RES). Each approach has advantages and disadvantages, but the best solution depends on the specific circumstances of each municipality. As an environmentally friendly and efficient energy use, a decentralised heat supply contributes to achieving energy conservation and emissions reduction goals. Decentralised energy use, such as solar collectors with an accumulation system or biomass as a resource, reduces dependence on centralised heat generation and transmission. Often, the appropriate infrastructure for connection to DH networks has not yet been built. On the other hand, it is easier to make investments to construct proper infrastructure in the case of large-scale centralised heat supply. Moreover, a centralised heat supply with RES can provide more inhabitants with RES heat energy. Within the framework of the study, the possibilities of using renewable energy sources in one of the municipalities of Latvia – the Carnikava parish of Ādaži Municipality – are analysed. The study examines two scenario complexes including IH solutions in buildings or DH solutions with a centralised approach. The study evaluates several alternatives to increase the share of RES (e.g., solar collectors, biomass, heat pumps, etc.) in the centralised heat supply. To evaluate RES individual solutions in various municipal buildings, the study evaluates alternatives with different technical solutions that increase the use of RES in heat supply.
The Comparison of RES Sustainable Development in the Main Sectors of Economy
Authors: Balode Lauma , Dolge Kristiāna , Blumberga Dagnija
Published: May 2023

Energy consumption in different sectors is responsible for more than 75 % of total EU greenhouse gas emissions. Energy is a priority when it comes to achieving climate goals and keeping greenhouse gas emissions low. The Green Deal is based on the need to use renewable energy sources in the energy sector while ensuring the replacement of fossil fuels and reducing energy dependence. The comparison of sustainable development trends in renewable energy sources (RES) is carried out for all sectors analysed in the study, such as industry, services, agriculture, transport and households. The aim of the study is to find out which of the types of RES is the most promising and sustainable in each sector and which factors influence this the most. The study develops a model that combines both qualitative and quantitative research methods to obtain the most objective and descriptive results possible on RES technologies in different sectors of the economy. In addition to a separate comparison of RES types by sector, a joint sectoral comparison was also made to evaluate the differences in development trends between the sectors considered. The highest rating level for sustainable development was achieved by the potential of biomass use in the agriculture and transport sectors. According to the obtained results, both solar energy and biomass have a high development potential in all analysed sectors, which is also reflected in the higher average values of the overall results.
The Raw Material Base of Bio-Waste from Processing as an Opportunity for the Development of the Biogas Sector in Poland
Authors: Jurga Piotr , Pudełko Rafał , Rozakis Stelios , Moncy Krystian
Published: May 2023

Given the current geopolitical situation, as well as ongoing climate change, immediate action is imperative to develop sustainable energy production capacities and circular bioeconomy chains. The biogas sector, including 3rd generation biogas plants, can respond to intensive development pace ensuring sustainable energy production with lower carbon footprint.  This is true for Poland, which has a highly developed agricultural and food production sector but a limited number of biogas plants and no biomethane production facilities. In this study, our objective is to support evidence-based policy advice by providing spatial analysis of bio-waste production potential in Poland. For this purpose, data was extracted from the so-called Waste Database (Polish: Baza Danych o Odpadach - BDO) and presented on district (powiat) level. Spatial and Geographical Information System (GIS) was applied to allocate waste resource potential for Poland related to national and regional development of biogas sector in the country. Thus the functioning of a system for the registration of waste data, including bio-waste from processing, is an outcome to demonstrate available resource availability per each manufacturing sector. Results indicate that Poland does have a quantitative and qualitative bio-waste potential for biogas production. Most of the bio-waste is not treated in the districts where it is generated. Having knowledge of the geographical distribution of the feedstock supply and demand, together with the use of other substrates, we can provide valuable information for the development of the biogas sector at regional and national level.
Do Non-Formal and Informal Education Impact Reaching the Bioeconomy and Green Deal Goals?
Authors: Kalnbaļķīte Antra , Pubule Jeļena , Blumberga Dagnija
Published: May 2023

To achieve the goals of the bioeconomy, formal education is a cornerstone, as well as non-formal or lifelong learning and informal education. Professionals in their specific profession can expand their knowledge in the context of bioeconomy in non-formal education by attending various seminars and courses, acquiring knowledge in informal or self-education, and reading books, internet sources and other resources. Competencies in the bioeconomy are a cross-cutting element for a professional working in any field. RTU IESE is a leading institution providing non-formal and informal education in bioeconomy and Green Deal topics. This study aims to identify the potential of non-formal and informal education in achieving the goal of bioeconomy and the Green Deal. Non-formal and informal education is an essential type of education that can increase bioeconomy competencies for professionals. Seminars, conferences, courses, lectures, and workshops are non-formal education tools, but with informal – everyday learning (books, scientific papers, conversations, internet resources, TV, audio materials) it can be accelerated to reach bioeconomy and Green Deal goals faster.