bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Impact of sacubitril/valsartan on atrial fibrillation burden in heart failure: a retrospective observational study
Authors: Barradas Ana , de Almeida Fernandes Diogo , Fonseca Inês , António Natália , Elvas Luís , Gonçalves Lino
Published: October 2024

Background

Sacubitril/valsartan (an angiotensin receptor‐neprilysin inhibitors [ARNI]) might improve atrial fibrillation (AF) condition, but its added value remains controversial.

Aim

We aimed to analyse the effect of ARNI on AF burden.

Method

We conducted a single‐centre, retrospective self‐controlled study in a tertiary centre. Data were retrieved from January 2019–January 2023. All cardiac resynchronisation therapy‐implantable cardioverter defibrillator (CRT‐D) carriers on ARNI were included if implantation had been at least 3 months before drug initiation. Proarrhythmic events, equal time length control (before ARNI initiation), and exposure (after ARNI initiation) periods were defined. Echocardiographic data were retrieved if they were up to 1 year old before ARNI initiation and if they were available 3 months to 1 year after initiation. AF burden was defined by frequency and median value of paroxysmal events and the overall variation in AF status was determined. Ethical approval was granted by the Ethics Committee of the Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra (Reference no: PI OBS.SF.174‐2022) and the study conforms with the Declaration of Helsinki.

Results

Seventy‐two patients were included in the study (73.3% men). After ARNI, there was a reduction in New York Heart Association functional class ± standard deviation (2.00 ± 0.75 to 1.85 ± 0.61, p = 0.043) and an increase in left ventricular ejection fraction ± standard deviation (from 31.67% ± 9.28% vs 37.33% ± 14.49%, p = 0.027). Before ARNI initiation, 34 patients did not have AF, 19 had paroxysmal AF, 15 had permanent AF, and 2 had persistent AF. The total amount of AF episodes (91 vs 44, p = 0.808) and median paroxysmal episodes (among those with paroxysmal AF or no AF) (5 vs 3, p = 0.121) were numerically reduced after ARNI initiation, though variation was not statistically significant. No differences were found as well regarding ventricular arrhythmias or device therapies.

Conclusion

ARNI did not significantly decrease the number of AF paroxysmal episodes or median number of paroxysmal events per patient. Even though ARNI may have a positive impact on AF burden of heart failure patients, larger studies are needed to provide unequivocal evidence.
Insights into lignin bioconversion: lignin‐derived compounds treatment of a novel marine fungus K‐2
Authors: Liu Wenxian , Xu Liting , Cheng Haina , Chen Zhu , Zhou Hongbo , Wang Yuguang
Published: October 2024

BACKGROUND

The potential for the efficient conversion of lignocellulosic biomass has been extensively explored to produce a wide range of bioproducts. Many approaches have been sought for the deep conversion of lignin to generate products that are toxin‐free and beneficial for processing into high‐value‐added components.

RESULTS

This study reported a fungus isolated from the deep sea with strong synthesis of multiple lignocellulases, conversion of lignin and guaiacol (0.1%) by 71.6% and 86.1% within 9 days at 30 °C respectively, and outstanding environmental adaptability (20–50 °C and pH 3–8). Metabolic pathway profiling showed that this fungus utilized lignin to rapidly activate multiple ring‐opening reactions including the 2,3‐ and 3,4‐cleavage pathways, with the 2,3‐cleavage pathway predominating after 5 days. Conversion of metabolic intermediates confirmed the superb potential of this strain for lignin treatment. Meanwhile, its shikimic acid pathway was metabolically active under lignin.

CONCLUSION

This further expands the potential to produce valuable bioproducts during lignin treatment, especially under ambient conditions, which can significantly enhance high‐value precursor compound production. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
Rejuvenating Mind and Soul: Psychological Benefits of Camping Experiences and the Moderating Role of Psychological Distress
Authors: Shi Ji , Joo Dongoh , Lee Choong‐Ki , Reisinger Yvette , Duong Hai Long
Published: October 2024

This study examines the extent to which camping experiences influence campers' restoration, psychological capital, and life satisfaction and the role psychological distress plays in this process. Survey data were collected from 420 Chinese campers and analyzed using multigroup structural equation modeling. Four categories of experiences (i.e., escapist, entertainment, esthetic, and educational experiences) positively impacted restoration, which then contributed positively to psychological capital and life satisfaction. Psychological capital influenced life satisfaction and mediated the relationship between restoration and life satisfaction. The association between restoration and psychological capital was weaker in the group with higher psychological distress. The study calls for a broader application of psychological capital in outdoor recreation and tourism research.
Microvascular Regeneration and Perfusion of Partially Decellularized Tracheal Grafts
Authors: Sher Ada C. , Liu Lumei , Izem Melwan , Calyeca Jazmin , Meeker Molly O. , Chiang Tendy
Published: October 2024

Objectives

A critical barrier to successful tracheal transplantation is poor vascularization. Despite its importance, little is known about microvascular regeneration in tissue‐engineered grafts. We have demonstrated that partially decellularized tracheal grafts (PDTG) support neotissue formation including new submucosal microvasculature (CD31+). However, the perfusion of this neovasculature is unknown. In this study, we used a mouse model of tracheal replacement to measure the microvascular regeneration and perfusion of PDTG.

Methods

PDTG and syngeneic tracheal grafts (STG, surgical control) (n = 5 for each group) were orthotopically transplanted into C5BL/6 J mice. We quantified vascularity of STG and PDTG samples at 1 and 3 months with conventional histology (N = 3 ~ 10/group). At 1, 3, and 6 months, animals were injected with fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) tomato lectin into the left ventricle. After perfusion, tracheas were fixed, harvested, mounted, stained for CD31 expression, and imaged with resonant scanning confocal microscopy. Percent CD31+, FITC area was compared between groups and endpoints compared with native trachea. Microvascular intersections were quantified using Sholl analysis.

Results

Functional microvasculature was seen in both groups. Although percent vascularization (CD31) in PDTG was restored by 3 months, microvascular pattern in PDTG displayed a unique morphology compared with control. Surgery alone appeared to globally change microvascular pattern and perfusion. PDTG demonstrated equivalent perfusion to surgical control by 6 months. Sholl analysis revealed a reduction of microvessel intersectionality that persisted in PDTG and was not seen in surgical or native controls.

Conclusions

PDTG exhibited microvascular regeneration. Perfusion was present in PDTG, improved, and persisted over long‐term time points.

Level of Evidence

NA Laryngoscope, 135:614–621, 2025
Simple visualization of fish migration history based on high‐resolution otolith δ18O profiles and hydrodynamic models
Authors: Sakamoto Tatsuya
Published: October 2024

Oxygen‐stable isotope (δ18O) in otoliths has been useful to infer marine fish migrations. However, because otolith δ18O is affected by two parameters, temperature and δ18O of ambient water, its interpretation becomes challenging when neither of them is constant. Here, I describe a simple method using hydrodynamic models to visualize potential migration histories from high‐resolution otolith δ18O chronologies. By predicting the distribution of potential otolith δ18O, that is, otolith δ18O isoscape from modeled temperature and salinity distributions and comparing these with observed values, possible fish locations can be inferred. The demonstration of sardine juveniles in the western North Pacific region reproduced their seasonal northward migrations accurately. The predicted locations were consistent with the results of sampling surveys of eggs and juveniles and correctly approached the point where fish were caught. The methodological recommendations and the successful demonstration in this study may help in planning future sclerochronology research using carbonate δ18O values.
Heterozygous KCNJ10 Variants Affecting Kir4.1 Channel Cause Paroxysmal Kinesigenic Dyskinesia
Authors: Huang Xiaojun , Fu Xin , Wu Jingying , Cheng Xin , Hong Xiaoqi , Li Ziyi , Zheng Lan , Liu Qing , Chen Shendi , Tang Beisha , Zhao Yuwu , Liu Xiaorong , Li Xunhua , Liu Xiaoli , Zhou Zaiwei , Wu Li , Fang Kan , Zhong Ping , Zhang Mei , Luan Xinghua , Tian Wotu , Tong Xiaoping , Cao Li
Published: October 2024

Background

More than 60% of paroxysmal kinesigenic dyskinesia (PKD) cases are of uncertain variants.

Objective

The aim was to elucidate novel genetic contribution to PKD.

Methods

A total of 476 probands with uncertain genetic causes were enrolled for whole‐exome sequencing. A method of case–control analysis was applied to identify the candidate genes. Whole‐cell patch‐clamp recording was applied to verify the electrophysiological impact of the identified variants. A mouse model with cerebellar heterozygous knockout of the candidate gene was developed via adeno‐associated virus injection, and dystonia‐like phenotype inducement and rotarod tests were performed. In vivo multiunit electrical recording was applied to investigate the change in neural excitability in knockout mice.

Results

Heterozygous variants of potassium inwardly rectifying channel subfamily J member 10 (KCNJ10) clustered in PKD patients were compared with those in the control groups. Fifteen variants were detected in 16 of 522 probands (frequency = 3.07%). Patients with KCNJ10 variants tended to have a milder manifestation compared to those with PRRT2 (proline‐rich transmembrane protein 2) variants. KCNJ10 variants partially altered the transmembrane location of inwardly rectifying potassium channel 4.1 (Kir4.1). The Kcnj10 expression is consistent with the natural course of PKD. Variants resulted in different degrees of reduction in cell Kir4.1 currents, and mice with heterozygous conditional knockout of Kcnj10 in the cerebellum presented dystonic posture, together with poor motor coordination and motor learning ability in rotarod tests. The firing rate of deep cerebellar nuclei was significantly elevated in Kcnj10‐cKO mice.

Conclusion

We identified heterozygous variants of KCNJ10 in PKD. Impaired function of Kir4.1 might lead to abnormal neuronal excitability, which attributed to PKD. © 2024 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
The application of the combination between artificial intelligence and endoscopy in gastrointestinal tumors
Authors: Li Shen , Xu Maosen , Meng Yuanling , Sun Haozhen , Zhang Tao , Yang Hanle , Li Yueyi , Ma Xuelei
Published: October 2024

Gastrointestinal (GI) tumors have always been a major type of malignant tumor and a leading cause of tumor‐related deaths worldwide. The main principles of modern medicine for GI tumors are early prevention, early diagnosis, and early treatment, with early diagnosis being the most effective measure. Endoscopy, due to its ability to visualize lesions, has been one of the primary modalities for screening, diagnosing, and treating GI tumors. However, a qualified endoscopist often requires long training and extensive experience, which to some extent limits the wider use of endoscopy. With advances in data science, artificial intelligence (AI) has brought a new development direction for the endoscopy of GI tumors. AI can quickly process large quantities of data and images and improve diagnostic accuracy with some training, greatly reducing the workload of endoscopists and assisting them in early diagnosis. Therefore, this review focuses on the combined application of endoscopy and AI in GI tumors in recent years, describing the latest research progress on the main types of tumors and their performance in clinical trials, the application of multimodal AI in endoscopy, the development of endoscopy, and the potential applications of AI within it, with the aim of providing a reference for subsequent research.
MRI of GlycoNOE in the human liver using GraspNOE‐Dixon
Authors: Xu Xiang , Leforestier Rodolphe , Xia Ding , Block Kai Tobias , Feng Li
Published: October 2024

Purpose

The objective of this study was to develop a new MRI technique for non‐invasive, free‐breathing imaging of glycogen in the human liver using the nuclear Overhauser effect (NOE).

Methods

The proposed method, called GraspNOE‐Dixon, uses a novel MRI sequence that combines steady‐state saturation‐transfer preparation with multi‐echo golden‐angle radial stack‐of‐stars sampling. Multi‐echo acquisition enables fat/water‐separated imaging for quantification of water‐specific NOE. Image reconstruction is performed using the improved golden‐angle radial sparse parallel imaging (GRASP‐Pro) technique to exploit spatiotemporal correlations in dynamic images. To evaluate the proposed technique, imaging experiments were first performed on glycogen phantoms, followed by in vivo studies involving healthy volunteers and patients with fatty liver disease. In addition, a comparative assessment of signal changes before and after a 12‐h fasting period was performed.

Results

Evaluation experiments on glycogen phantoms showed a robust linear correlation between the NOE signal and glycogen concentration. In vivo experiments demonstrated motion‐robust NOE‐weighted images, with potential for further acceleration. In subjects with varying liver fat content, the fat/water separation approach resulted in distortion‐free Z‐spectra, enabling the quantification of glycogen NOE. An approximately one‐third reduction in the NOE signal was observed following a 12‐h fasting period, consistent with a decrease in glycogen level.

Conclusion

This study introduces a clinically feasible imaging technique, GraspNOE‐Dixon, for free‐breathing volumetric multi‐echo imaging of hepatic glycogen at 3 T. The motion robust imaging technique developed here may also have applications in other body areas beyond liver imaging.
Reliability of a new stabilization device for measurement of muscle strength using a hand‐held dynamometer
Authors: Yasacı Zeynal , Argut Sezen Karaborklu , Celik Derya
Published: October 2024

Introduction/Aims

The hand‐held dynamometer (HHD) is a reliable and portable tool for quantitatively assessing muscle strength. However, a number of variables, including the strength of the tester, the adequacy of stabilization, and the selected testing position, can affect the reliability of the device. The objective of the present study was to examine the reproducibility and inter‐rater reliability of strength assessments using HHD with and without a stabilization device.

Methods

Strength assessments were conducted with and without the stabilization device by two independent raters. Healthy volunteers with no history of musculoskeletal disorders were included in the study. The strength of the shoulder flexion, scapula elevation, knee extension, and hip abduction muscle groups was evaluated using HHD. The reliability of the measurements was evaluated using intra‐class correlation (ICC), standard error of measurement, and minimal detectable change.

Results

Fifty‐two healthy volunteers (age 21.51 ± 2.02 years) participated in the study. The reproducibility was found to be excellent (ICC = 0.89–0.99). While reliability between the assessors was good to excellent (ICC = 0.85–0.93), reliability between assessors and device was found moderate to good (ICC = 0.48–0.78).

Discussion

The strength values obtained for all directions of movement with the stabilization device were found to be significantly higher than those obtained without fixation of the HHD. It can be concluded that the data obtained from the assessors and HHD with stabilization device are not comparable. Moreover, the utilization of a stabilization device may serve to enhance the reliability of the measurements by eliminating the rater effect.
Influence of echo time on pulmonary ventilation and perfusion derived by phase‐resolved functional lung (PREFUL) MRI using multi‐echo ultrashort echo time acquisition
Authors: Behrendt Lea , Gutberlet Marcel , Voskrebenzev Andreas , Klimeš Filip , Obert Arnd J. , Kern Agilo L. , Horstmann Dominik , Wernz Marius M. , Müller Robin A. , Wacker Frank , Vogel‐Claussen Jens
Published: October 2024

Non‐contrast enhanced 1H magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is promising for ventilation/perfusion (V/Q) assessment of the lung but the influence of the echo time (TE) on V/Q parameters is lacking. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of different TEs on pulmonary V/Q parameters derived by phase‐resolved functional lung (PREFUL) MRI using a multi‐echo ultrashort TE (UTE) acquisition. A 2D multi‐echo UTE sequence with radial center out readout and tiny golden angle increment was developed. Forty‐eight participants were enrolled in this study: 25 healthy subjects, six patients with asthma, and 17 patients with pulmonary fibrosis. Participants underwent two acquisitions of 2D multi‐echo UTE MRI with three TEs per acquisition (TE1–6: 0.07, 0.82, 1.72, 2.47, 3.37, and 4.12 ms). Regional ventilation (RVent), flow‐volume loop cross‐correlation metric (FVL‐CM), and normalized perfusion‐weighted signal (QN) maps were calculated. V/Q defect percentages (VDP/QDP) were determined. To assess repeatability, the measurement was repeated in healthy subjects. Median and interquartile range of RVent, FVL‐CM, QN, VDP, and QDP were calculated. To assess significant differences between parameters obtained at different TEs, Friedman's test and Dunnett's test were performed. Pearson correlation coefficients between RVent derived at TE1 and the difference in RVent between TE2,3 and TE1 were calculated. For repeatability assessment, coefficient of variation (CoV) and intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) were determined. Significant differences were found comparing V/Q parameters obtained at TE3–6 compared to TE1. CoV increased with TE. For ICC, values between 0.35 (QDP at TE1) and 0.83 (VDPRVent at TE2) were obtained for T1,2. Statistically significant differences for ventilation and perfusion parameters derived by PREFUL were found for TE3–6 compared to TE1. All V/Q parameters were well repeatable for TE1–2. With increasing TE and respiratory volume, RVent shows a T2*‐dependency leading to biased ventilation assessment compared to TE1.
Measuring cerebral enzymatic activity, brain pH and extracranial muscle metabolism with hyperpolarized 13C‐pyruvate
Authors: Khan Alixander S. , McLean Mary A. , Kaggie Joshua D. , Horvat‐Menih Ines , Matys Tomasz , Schulte Rolf F. , Locke Matthew J. , Grimmer Ashley , Wodtke Pascal , Latimer Elizabeth , Frary Amy , Graves Martin J. , Gallagher Ferdia A.
Published: October 2024

Hyperpolarized carbon‐13 (13C) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has shown promise for non‐invasive assessment of the cerebral metabolism of [1‐13C]pyruvate in both healthy volunteers and patients. The exchange of pyruvate to lactate catalysed by lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and that of pyruvate flux to bicarbonate through pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) are the most widely studied reactions in vivo. Here we show the potential of the technique to probe additional enzymatic activity within the brain. Approximately 50 s after intravenous injection of hyperpolarized pyruvate, high‐flip‐angle pulses were used to detect cerebral 13C‐labelled carbon dioxide (13CO2), in addition to the 13C‐bicarbonate (H13CO3−) subsequently formed by carbonic anhydrase (CA). Brain pH measurements, which were weighted towards the extracellular compartment, were calculated from the ratio of H13CO3− to 13CO2 in seven volunteers using the Henderson–Hasselbalch equation, demonstrating an average pH ± SD of 7.40 ± 0.02, with inter‐observer reproducibility of 0.04. In addition, hyperpolarized [1‐13C]aspartate was also detected, demonstrating irreversible pyruvate carboxylation to oxaloacetate by pyruvate carboxylase (PC) and subsequent transamination by aspartate aminotransferase (AST), with the average flux being on average 11% ± 3% of that through PDH. A hyperpolarized [1‐13C]alanine signal was also detected, but this was localized to extracranial muscle tissue in keeping with skeletal alanine aminotransferase (ALT) activity. The results demonstrate the potential of hyperpolarized 13C‐MRI to assess cerebral and extracerebral [1‐13C]pyruvate metabolism in addition to LDH and PDH activity. Non‐invasive measurements of brain pH could be particularly important in assessing cerebral pathology given the wide range of disease processes that alter acid–base balance.
Creating Space for Africa: Revisiting China's Call for Co‐Construction of the Belt and Road Initiative With African Countries
Authors: Edeh Emmanuel Chidiebere
Published: October 2024

China's call for the co‐construction of the belt and road initiative (BRI) with African countries has drawn scholarly attention to issues such as China's interest in Africa, Africa's interests in participating in the BRI, potential areas of synergy for complementary development, and Africa's strategy for engaging in the BRI. The paper revealed that there is a possible nexus for synergies between the BRI and Africa's development agenda, Agenda 2063. Nevertheless, the paper argued that despite the many promising potentials present in the BRI, without a better management strategy for engagement, the desired meaningful partnership will be far from actualization. As a result, it proposes engaging in BRI at the multilateral level. The paper submits that engagements at the multilateral level with AU and AUDA‐NEPAD other than bilateral engagement are critical for achieving the desired partnership.
CHIEF: A retrospective self‐control study of children with severe hemophilia A without inhibitors comparing emicizumab to FVIII prophylaxis
Authors: Mashiach Daniel , Mead Patrice , Carneiro Kendall , Malvar Jemily , Knight Susan , Young Guy
Published: October 2024

Background

Hemophilia A (HA) is an X‐linked bleeding disorder diagnosed by a deficiency in factor VIII (FVIII). For severe HA (SHA), prophylaxis clotting factor concentrates (CFC) has become the standard of care; however, it imparts a high treatment burden and typically results in an annualized bleeding rate (ABR) of 2–6. Emicizumab, a subcutaneously administered FVIII substitute, has become the de facto standard‐of‐care prophylaxis for children with SHA in many countries. Previous clinical trials of emicizumab have assessed ABR in patients greater than 12 years without inhibitors, and in children less than 12 years with inhibitors; however, there is little information published regarding the ABR of emicizumab compared to CFC in non‐inhibitor SHA children.

Methods

Using a retrospective electronic medical record chart review, we conducted a self‐control analysis of 15 patients less than 12 years of age during equivalent periods of CFC versus emicizumab prophylaxis.

Results

The mean ABR on CFC and emicizumab was 1.79 and 1.13 (p = .092), respectively, with a substantially decreased rate of joint bleeds (CFC 0.94; emicizumab 0.33; p = .001) and spontaneous bleeds (CFC 0.79; emicizumab 0.23; p = .008). No safety events were recorded for patients while administering emicizumab. The mean annual cost of CFC prophylaxis was $515,340 (SD $199,540), compared to $328,410 (SD $137,230) for emicizumab prophylaxis (p < .001).

Conclusion

Emicizumab resulted in an improved ABR compared to CFC, especially for joint and spontaneous bleeds, had fewer administration complications, and was substantially less expensive compared to CFC prophylaxis; however, more research is necessary for a complete understanding of the effect of emicizumab on joint health and muscle bleeds.
Immune or inherited thrombocytopenia? A population‐based cohort study on children and adolescents presenting with a low platelet count
Authors: Kulmala Lauri‐Matti , Aarnivala Henri , Pokka Tytti , Huurre Anu , Järvelä Liisa , Palmu Sauli , Pöyhönen Tuuli , Niinimäki Riitta
Published: October 2024

Background

Thrombocytopenia is a common hematologic finding in children and adolescents. Immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) is the most common cause of this finding, but the differential diagnosis includes a growing list of genetic disorders. We aimed to report differences in phenotypes of patients with ITP, inherited platelet disorder (IPD)/primary immunodeficiency disorder (PID), and other causes, with a focus on differentiating ITP from inherited thrombocytopenia.

Procedure

This retrospective, population‐based observational cohort from 2006 to 2020 involved 506 Finnish children under 16 years of age presenting with isolated thrombocytopenia.

Results

Of the 506 participants, 79.7% had ITP, 6.7% had IPD/PID, and 13.6% had other causes of thrombocytopenia. A platelet count of ≤12 × 109/L best distinguished between ITP and other reasons with a sensitivity of 60% and a specificity of 80%. Among patients with the lowest platelet count of less than 10 × 109/L, 95.9% had ITP, 3.3% had IPD/PID, and 0.8% had other causes. Severe bleeding events were reported in 20 patients (4.0%), but there were no cases of intracranial or fatal bleeding due to thrombocytopenia. Up to 50% of patients with a high suspicion of inherited thrombocytopenia remained without a specific diagnosis despite genetic testing.

Conclusions

ITP remains the most common cause of thrombocytopenia. A platelet count of ≤12 × 109/L often leads to an ITP diagnosis. Genetic disorders are rare but should be suspected in patients with persisting thrombocytopenia, especially with platelet counts constantly above 12 × 109/L, a positive family history, or atypical clinical features.
Burden of SARS‐CoV‐2 infection prior to vaccine eligibility among immunocompromised children aged 1–11 years at a pediatric tertiary referral hospital in Toronto, Canada
Authors: Petel Dara , Ali Mohsin , Wright James , Campigotto Aaron , Science Michelle , Gupta Sumit , Bolotin Shelly
Published: October 2024

SARS‐CoV‐2 seroprevalence reflects the efficacy of pandemic infection prevention and control measures. We performed anti‐spike IgG serological testing on residual sera of children 1–11 years old at a tertiary care referral center between October and November 2021. Immunocompromised patients had the highest SARS‐CoV‐2 seroprevalence, at 40.5%, compared to 19.3% in non‐immunocompromised patients. Targeted infection prevention and public health interventions are warranted for pediatric immunocompromised patients in future pandemics.
Fetal Speckle Tracking Echocardiography Measured Global Longitudinal Strain and Strain Rate in Congenital Heart Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis
Authors: van den Wildenberg Sarah , van Beynum Ingrid M. , Havermans Malou E. C. , Boersma Eric , DeVore Greggory R. , Simpson John M. , Steegers Eric A. P. , Go Attie T. J. I. , Cornette Jérôme M. J.
Published: October 2024

Fetal two‐dimensional speckle tracking echocardiography (2D‐STE) is a novel technique that provides information on fetal heart function by measuring global longitudinal strain (GLS) and global longitudinal strain rate (GLSR). These features assess the longitudinal deformity of the fetal cardiac wall. 2D‐STE is shown to be of prognostic value in children and adults with congenital heart disease (CHD). Therefore, its importance in fetal life should also be considered. This systematic review and meta‐analysis provides an overview of the literature on 2D‐STE (GLS/GLSR) in fetuses with CHD, focusing on the left and right ventricles (LV/RV). Findings indicated that LV‐GLS was significantly lower in fetuses with coarctation of the aorta (CoA) and Tetralogy of Fallot (ToF) compared to controls. Conversely, fetuses with a single left ventricle exhibited higher LV‐GLS. RV‐GLS was significantly lower in fetuses with hypoplastic left heart syndrome (HLHS) and ToF compared to controls. LV‐GLSR was significantly lower in fetuses with CoA. Overall, considerable heterogeneity was observed, possibly due to differences in study design. More prospective longitudinal studies on 2D‐STE in fetuses with CHD, considering heterogeneity parameters, could offer better insights into this promising technique.
Intravenous ketamine successfully treats treatment‐resistant catatonia in schizophrenia: A case report
Authors: Siddiqui Atif
Published: October 2024

Background

Benzodiazepines and electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) are mainstay treatments for catatonia, a potentially life‐threatening psychomotor syndrome characterized by a range of symptoms, including immobility, mutism, stupor, posturing, and sometimes even agitation. It can be a manifestation of various underlying psychiatric or medical conditions, such as schizophrenia, mood disorders, or neurological disorders. When conventional treatments fail to alleviate symptoms, ketamine, a dissociative anesthetic, has emerged as a potential therapeutic option for catatonia. However, its precise mechanism of action in treating catatonia remains to be fully elucidated. The use of ketamine in treating treatment‐resistant catatonia in patients with schizophrenia has not been described.

Methods

We describe a unique case of a 77‐year‐old female with schizophrenia for 15 years who presented with hallucinations, generalized weakness, immobility, stupor, and mutism consistent with severe catatonia. The electroencephalogram did not show seizures, and brain imaging was negative for stroke. Her catatonia was resistant to treatment with benzodiazepines and haloperidol. However, ECT was unavailable due to the COVID‐19 pandemic. She was successfully treated with a single intravenous infusion of ketamine administered at a dose of 0.5 mg/kg over 40 min with complete rapid recovery and remained stable as an outpatient.

Results

Intravenous ketamine single infusion may be a safe and feasible option in schizophrenia patients with drug‐resistant catatonia, particularly in patients for whom standard therapies are ineffective. However, its use should be approached cautiously due to the risk of exacerbation of psychosis in patients with schizophrenia.

Conclusions

Further research is warranted to better understand the role of ketamine in the management of catatonia in this patient population.
Effect of Ga Variation on the Bulk and Grain‐Boundary Properties of Cu(In,Ga)Se2 Absorbers in Thin‐Film Solar Cells and Their Impacts on Open‐Circuit Voltage Losses
Authors: Thomas Sinju , Witte Wolfram , Hariskos Dimitrios , Paetel Stefan , Song Chang‐Yun , Kempa Heiko , Maiberg Matthias , El‐Ganainy Nora , Abou‐Ras Daniel
Published: October 2024

Polycrystalline widegap Cu(In,Ga)Se2 (CIGSe) absorbers for top cells in photovoltaic tandem devices can be synthesized via [Ga]/([Ga] + [In]) (GGI) ratios of > 0.5. However, the power conversion efficiencies of such high‐GGI devices are smaller than those of the record cells with GGI < 0.5. In the present work, the effects of the GGI ratio on various CIGSe material properties were studied and correlated with the radiative and nonradiative open‐circuit voltage (VOC) deficits of the thin‐film solar cells. Average grain sizes, grain boundary (GB) recombination velocities, fluctuations in luminescence energy distribution, barrier heights at GBs, effective electron lifetimes, and Urbach energies were investigated in five solar cells with GGI ratios from 0.13 to 0.83. It was found that the GGI variation affects GB recombination velocities, fluctuations in spatial luminescence distributions, the average grain size, the electron lifetime, and the Urbach energy. In contrast, the detected ranges of barrier heights at GBs are independent of the GGI ratio. Mainly Ga/In gradients give rise to substantial radiative VOC losses in all solar cells. Nonradiative VOC deficits are dominant especially for solar cells with GGI > 0.5, which can be attributed to low bulk lifetimes and enhanced recombination at GBs in CIGSe absorbers in this compositional range.
Effectiveness and efficiency of aquatic therapy on independence in activities of daily living and mobility in post‐acute spinal cord injury: A matched case‐control study
Authors: García‐Rudolph Alejandro , Finestres Jordi , Wright Mark Andrew , Casanovas Josep Medina , Opisso Eloy
Published: October 2024

Background and Purpose

Aquatic therapy (AT), though potentially effective, lacks studies on clinical efficacy in patients with spinal cord injury (SCI). A recent study analyzing interviews with rehabilitation professionals on its clinical application reported that the scarce evidence of AT benefits was one of the actual barriers to its successful integration into clinical practice. We seek to provide evidence by comparing independence in activities of daily living (ADLs) and functional ambulation capacity in patients following rehabilitation which included AT and matched controls who followed rehabilitation without AT (non‐AT).

Methods

Functional Independence Measure (FIM), Spinal Cord Independence Measure (SCIM‐III), Walking Index for Spinal Cord Injury (WISCI‐II) and its minimal clinically important difference (WISCI‐II/MCID) were assessed. The AT group followed the Halliwick concept. We performed nonparametric nearest‐neighbor k:1 matching for age, time since injury to admission, FIM at admission, level of injury (paraplegia/tetraplegia), completeness and cause of injury (traumatic, non‐traumatic). The rehabilitation program comprised four daily hours of intensive treatment from the multidisciplinary team. Both groups received the same total number of rehabilitation hours at the same specialized clinical center and were admitted to follow inpatient rehabilitation within 2 months after injury.

Results

A total of 29 patients with SCI who followed AT (admitted between 2017 and 2023) were compared to historical matches selected from 551 inpatients with SCI (admitted between 2014 and 2023). For k = 1, the groups showed no significant differences in gains, efficiency, or effectiveness in FIM and SCIM‐III; significant differences were observed in WISCI‐II gain (p = 0.018) and WISCI‐II efficiency (p = 0.046) in favor of the AT group; the proportion of patients achieving WISCI‐II/MCID was significantly higher for the AT group (75.9% vs. 48.3%) (p = 0.030). These results were confirmed for k = 2.

Conclusion

The AT group performed similarly in independence for performing ADLs and significantly better in ambulation than the matched historical controls.
Unveiling the Complexity of cis‐Regulation Mechanisms in Kinases: A Comprehensive Analysis
Authors: Navarro Alvaro M. , Alonso Macarena , Martínez‐Pérez Elizabeth , Lazar Tamas , Gibson Toby J. , Iserte Javier A. , Tompa Peter , Marino‐Buslje Cristina
Published: October 2024

Protein cis‐regulatory elements (CREs) are regions that modulate the activity of a protein through intramolecular interactions. Kinases, pivotal enzymes in numerous biological processes, often undergo regulatory control via inhibitory interactions in cis. This study delves into the mechanisms of cis regulation in kinases mediated by CREs, employing a combined structural and sequence analysis. To accomplish this, we curated an extensive dataset of kinases featuring annotated CREs, organized into homolog families through multiple sequence alignments. Key molecular attributes, including disorder and secondary structure content, active and ATP‐binding sites, post‐translational modifications, and disease‐associated mutations, were systematically mapped onto all sequences. Additionally, we explored the potential for conformational changes between active and inactive states. Finally, we explored the presence of these kinases within membraneless organelles and elucidated their functional roles therein. CREs display a continuum of structures, ranging from short disordered stretches to fully folded domains. The adaptability demonstrated by CREs in achieving the common goal of kinase inhibition spans from direct autoinhibitory interaction with the active site within the kinase domain, to CREs binding to an alternative site, inducing allosteric regulation revealing distinct types of inhibitory mechanisms, which we exemplify by archetypical representative systems. While this study provides a systematic approach to comprehend kinase CREs, further experimental investigations are imperative to unravel the complexity within distinct kinase families. The insights gleaned from this research lay the foundation for future studies aiming to decipher the molecular basis of kinase dysregulation, and explore potential therapeutic interventions.
Alkylsulfones: novel chemical scaffolds targeting the vesicular acetylcholine transporter usher in a new generation of insecticides
Authors: Holland Robert A. , Crossthwaite Andrew
Published: October 2024

Insecticides targeting the nervous system have been the most widely used to control arthropod pests due to their fast onset of action leading to efficient crop protection. With their continued use, resistance has and will become an inevitable challenge that demands continued efforts in identifying and developing new insecticidal chemistries acting on novel targets. In a recent publication, the results of a comprehensive study investigating the mode of action of novel chemical scaffolds based on the 2‐(3‐ethylsulfonyl‐2‐pyridyl)‐heterocycles, alkylsulfones, was presented, concluding that their primary target is the vesicular acetylcholine transporter. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
Spawning Redd Habitat Use and Selection by Invasive Brown Trout (Salmo trutta) Along a Longitudinal Gradient in a Headwater Stream
Authors: Mundahl Neal D. , Schnaser Avery C. , Bergen Silas
Published: October 2024

As stream habitats change from upstream to downstream, choice of spawning redd sites by brown trout may shift as habitat availability changes. In a previous study, we examined the importance of overhead cover or shade in redd site selection. Here, we examined spawning site habitat use and selection by brown trout by assessing physical characteristics at redd sites in a 4.8‐km reach of Garvin Brook (southeastern Minnesota, USA) during each of five spawning seasons, 2016–2020. We measured redd dimensions, water depths, and current velocities, and compared these among four separate sections (900–1900 m in length) of the stream. We also assessed available habitats within each section to examine possible selection of habitats by spawning trout, plus quantified the size distribution of gravel substrate at redd sites within two stream sections. Habitat availability varied dramatically among stream sections. After analyzing 1844 redds from the five spawning seasons, brown trout displayed strong selection for water depths between 10 and 29 cm and current velocities between 10 and 49 cm/s. Preferred/selected water depths and current velocities increased by 7 cm and 10 cm/s, respectively, between upstream and downstream sections. All redds were located in gravel/cobble substrates, with variations in size distributions of gravels not correlated to redd dimensions or any measured habitat variable. Spawning site preferences of brown trout can change along a stream reach of moderate length, likely in relation to changing availability of various combinations of water depth, velocity, substrate, available cover, and trout abundance.
Current climate action trends in party‐political manifestos: A content analysis provides hints to move forward
Authors: Brás Gonçalo Rodrigues , Lillebø Ana , Vieira Helena
Published: October 2024

Party manifestos offer valuable insights into evolving climate political agendas, warranting relevant content to understand parties' priorities and approaches to climate resilience. Through a content analysis of Portuguese party manifestos from the 2019, 2022, and 2024 elections, this study aims to address key research questions regarding SDG 13 targets. The results demonstrate a positive trend within SDG 13, albeit predominantly focused on targets 13.1 and 13.2. Left‐wing parties exhibit stronger commitment compared to their right‐wing counterparts, with variations observed based on European affiliations. Across all SDG 13 targets, left‐wing party manifestos consistently covered a broader spectrum of themes compared to their right‐wing counterparts. Green parties exhibit a partial higher commitment relative to the dominant governance parties in Portugal, which is recently governed by a right‐wing coalition. Findings aim to inform and potentiate refinement of climate policy agendas, contributing to future sustainability initiatives in Portugal and beyond.
A step toward the modern and sustainable agriculture: Evaluating the impact of information and communication technology on cereal production in China
Authors: Zhang Huaquan , Jin Ruijia , Chandio Abbas Ali , Twumasi Martinson Ankrah
Published: October 2024

Achieving food security has become a critical concern for many nations. China has also made significant efforts to ensure domestic food security. In order to provide an adequate food supply in the future, this research explores the effects of information and communication technology (ICT) on grain production. Pool Mean Group (PMG) method is used to estimate a panel dataset for 31 Chinese province administrative regions from 2005 to 2021. To ensure that the panel dataset is suitable for use with the PMG model, cross‐sectional independence tests, unit root tests, and co‐integration tests are performed. The empirical analysis shows that ICT boosts cereal crops yields over time. In particular, a 1% increase in fixed broadband users and cell phones boosts cereal production by 0.03% and 0.06%, respectively, in the long run. As a result, in order to increase yields, China must expand its use of ICT in agricultural production.
Accelerating the Reduction Kinetics of V4+ to V3+ on Atomically Fe─N4 Decorated Carbon Nanotubes for Vanadium Electrolyte Preparation
Authors: Niu Shiyang , Li Haopeng , Guo Hui , Liu Yong , Cheng Yuanhui
Published: October 2024

The high manufacturing cost of vanadium electrolytes is caused by the sluggish kinetics of V4+ to V3+, which restricts the commercialization of all vanadium flow batteries (VFBs). Here, density functional theory calculations first reveal the detailed reaction pathway and point out the rate‐determined step by the desorption of the end product [V(H2O)6]3+. Catalytic site engineering at the molecular level can optimize the adsorption energy of [V(H2O)6]3+ to boost the kinetics. Furthermore, iron single‐atoms embedded nitrogen‐doped carbon nanotubes (FeSA/NCNT) are designed to decrease the adsorption energy of [V(H2O)6]3+. The reaction rate constant of FeSA/NCNT toward V4+ to V3+ is 1.62 × 10−7 cm s−1, 37.5 times that of the commercial carbon catalyst. Therefore, the energy consumption is reduced by 22.5%. Meanwhile, the prepared vanadium electrolyte is of high quality with the ideal oxidation state of + 3.5 without impurities. This work reveals the catalytic mechanism of V4+ to V3+ and proposes a simple but practical strategy to reduce the preparation cost of V3.5+ electrolyte.
Emerging ZnO Semiconductors for Photocatalytic CO2 Reduction to Methanol
Authors: Kshirsagar Switi Dattatraya , Shelake Sandip Prabhakar , Biswas Bapan , Ramesh Kanaparthi , Gaur Rashmi , Abraham B. Moses , Sainath Annadanam V. Sesha , Pal Ujjwal
Published: October 2024

Carbon recycling is poised to emerge as a prominent trend for mitigating severe climate change and meeting the rising demand for energy. Converting carbon dioxide (CO2) into green energy and valuable feedstocks through photocatalytic CO2 reduction (PCCR) offers a promising solution to global warming and energy needs. Among all semiconductors, zinc oxide (ZnO) has garnered considerable interest due to its ecofriendly nature, biocompatibility, abundance, exceptional semiconducting and optical properties, cost‐effectiveness, easy synthesis, and durability. This review thoroughly discusses recent advances in mechanistic insights, fundamental principles, experimental parameters, and modulation of ZnO catalysts for direct PCCR to C1 products (methanol). Various ZnO modification techniques are explored, including atomic size regulation, synthesis strategies, morphology manipulation, doping with cocatalysts, defect engineering, incorporation of plasmonic metals, and single atom modulation to boost its photocatalytic performance. Additionally, the review highlights the importance of photoreactor design, reactor types, geometries, operating modes, and phases. Future research endeavors should prioritize the development of cost‐effective catalyst immobilization methods for solid‐liquid separation and catalyst recycling, while emphasizing the use of abundant and non‐toxic materials to ensure environmental sustainability and economic viability. Finally, the review outlines key challenges and proposes novel directions for further enhancing ZnO‐based photocatalytic CO2 conversion processes.
Fourier Ptychographic Coherent Anti‐Stokes Raman Scattering Microscopy with Point‐Scanning for Super‐Resolution Imaging
Authors: Gong Li , Dou Yanxin , Lin Shulang , Osipowicz Thomas , Huang Zhiwei
Published: October 2024

Fourier ptychography (FP) is a high resolution wide‐field imaging method based on the extended aperture in the Fourier space, which is synthesized from raw images with varying illumination angles. If FP is extended to coherent nonlinear optical imaging, the resolution could be further improved due to the increase of the cutoff frequency of the synthesized coherent optical transfer function (C‐OTF) with respect to the order of nonlinear optical processes. However, there is a fundamental conflict between wide‐field FP and nonlinear optical imaging, whereby the nonlinear optical imaging typically requires a focused excitation laser beam with high power density. To tackle the problem, in this work, a unique point‐scanning FP (PS‐FP) method is presented for super‐resolution nonlinear optical imaging, in which the nonlinear optical signal is obtained by using focused laser beam, while the conventional FP algorithm can still be used to retrieve the super‐resolution image. PS‐FP coherent anti‐Stokes Raman scattering (PS‐FP‐CARS) imaging on a variety of samples, where a 1.8‐fold expansion of the OTF is achieved experimentally for enhancing vibrational imaging. Further theoretical calculation shows that the C‐OTF of PS‐FP higher‐order CARS (PS‐FP‐HO‐CARS) can be expanded up to ≈4.9‐fold, thereby improving the spatial resolution by ≈3‐fold in comparison with conventional point‐scanning CARS with under tightly focused beams. The generality of PS‐FP method developed in this work can be adapted to other coherent nonlinear optical imaging modalities for super‐resolution imaging in tissue and cells.