bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Understanding axon guidance: are we nearly there yet?
Authors: Stoeckli Esther T.
Published: May 2018

During nervous system development, neurons extend axons to reach their targets and form functional circuits. The faulty assembly or disintegration of such circuits results in disorders of the nervous system. Thus, understanding the molecular mechanisms that guide axons and lead to neural circuit formation is of interest not only to developmental neuroscientists but also for a better comprehension of neural disorders. Recent studies have demonstrated how crosstalk between different families of guidance receptors can regulate axonal navigation at choice points, and how changes in growth cone behaviour at intermediate targets require changes in the surface expression of receptors. These changes can be achieved by a variety of mechanisms, including transcription, translation, protein-protein interactions, and the specific trafficking of proteins and mRNAs. Here, I review these axon guidance mechanisms, highlighting the most recent advances in the field that challenge the textbook model of axon guidance.
Histone H3K27 methylation modulates the dynamics of FANCD2 on chromatin to facilitate NHEJ and genome stability
Authors: Zhang Ye , Chang Jian-Feng , Sun Jin , Chen Lu , Yang Xiao-Mei , Tang Huan-Yin , Jing Yuan-Ya , Kang Xuan , He Zhi-Min , Wu Jun-Yu , Wei Hui-Min , Wang Da-Liang , Xu Rong-Gang , Zhu Rui-Bao , Shen Ying , Zeng Shi-Yang , Wang Chen , Liu Kui-Nan , Zhang Yong , Mao Zhi-Yong , Jiang Ci-Zhong , Sun Fang-Lin
Published: May 2018

Dysregulation of the homeostatic balance of histone H3 di- and tri-methyl lysine 27 (H3K27me2/3) levels caused by the mis-sense mutation of histone H3 (H3K27M) is reported to be associated with various types of cancers. In this study, we found that reduction in H3K27me2/3 caused by H3.1K27M, a mutation of H3 variants found in patients with diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma (DIPG), dramatically attenuated the presence of 53BP1 (also known as TP53BP1) foci and the capability of non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) in human dermal fibroblasts. H3.1K27M mutant cells showed increased rates of genomic insertions/deletions and copy number variations, as well as an increase in p53-dependent apoptosis. We further showed that both hypo-H3K27me2/3 and H3.1K27M interacted with FANCD2, a central player in the choice of DNA repair pathway. H3.1K27M triggered the accumulation of FANCD2 on chromatin, suggesting an interaction between H3.1K27M and FANCD2. Interestingly, knockdown of FANCD2 in H3.1K27M cells recovered the number of 53BP1-positive foci, NHEJ efficiency and apoptosis rate. Although these findings in HDF cells may differ from the endogenous regulation of the H3.1K27M mutant in the specific tumor context of DIPG, our results suggest a new model by which H3K27me2/3 facilitates NHEJ and the maintenance of genome stability.

This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.
Lipophilic Polyelectrolyte Gels and Crystal Crosslinking, New Methods for Supramolecular Control of Swelling and Collapsing of Polymer Gels
Authors: Sada Kazuki
Published: May 2018

This review focuses on our trial to control the swelling and collapsing of polymer gels by two different approaches. One is the introduction of ion-pairs from bulky and hydrophobic ions into hydrophobic polymers to form ionic polymer gels as “lipophilic polyelectrolyte gels”. Partial dissociation of these ion-pairs in nonpolar media, such as chloroform and THF, provides them a high swelling ability as superabsorbent polymers. Compatibility of the polymers with the media and ion dissociation are crucial for the superabsorbency. The other is preparation of polymer gels by controlling the size, shape and crosslinking points with the aid of nanoporous metal-organic frameworks (MOF). It includes polymerization between the organic ligands as host monomers fixed on the open framework and the guest monomers that penetrate into the nanopores. Thus, all the components in a crystal are polymerized, which is called “crystal crosslinking”. Hydrolysis of the coordination bonds produces insoluble polymer gels without metal ions. The shapes of the polymer gels are essentially identical to those of the template crystals, and the swelling ability is controlled by arrangements of the host monomers in the template crystals. These two approaches should be unique and effective for controlling the swelling ability of the polymer gels.
Controlled Reactive Intermediates Enabling Facile Molecular Conjugation
Authors: Yoshida Suguru
Published: May 2018

Reliable methods to conjugate molecules using highly reactive substrates including strained cycloalkynes, azides, and thiophene S,S-dioxides, or short-lived intermediates such as arynes and 6- and 7-membered cycloalkynes have been developed. This account describes our recent achievement on the development of facile methods conjugating a wide variety of molecules based on the reactivity of controlled short-lived intermediates.
The Impact of User Personality Traits on Word of Mouth: Text-Mining Social Media Platforms
Authors: Adamopoulos Panagiotis , Ghose Anindya , Todri Vilma
Published: May 2018

Word of mouth (WOM) plays an increasingly important role in shaping consumers’ behavior and preferences. In this paper, we examine whether latent personality traits of online users accentuate or attenuate the effectiveness of WOM in social media platforms. To answer this question, we leverage machine-learning methods in combination with econometric techniques utilizing a novel quasi-experiment. Our analysis yields two main results. First, there is a positive and statistically significant effect of the level of personality similarity between two social media users on the likelihood of a subsequent purchase from a recipient of a WOM message after exposure to the WOM message of the sender. In particular, exposure to WOM messages from similar users in terms of personality, rather than dissimilar users, increases the likelihood of a postpurchase by 47.58%. Second, there are statistically significant effects of specific pairwise combinations of personality characteristics of senders and recipients of WOM messages on the effectiveness of WOM. For instance, introverted users are responsive to WOM, in contrast to extroverted users. Besides this, agreeable, conscientious, and open social media users are more effective disseminators of WOM. In addition, WOM originating from users with low levels of emotional range affects similar users, whereas for high levels of emotional range, increased similarity usually has the opposite effect. The examined effects are also of significant economic importance, as, for instance, a WOM message from an extrovert user to an introvert peer increases the likelihood of a subsequent purchase by 71.28%. Our findings are robust to several alternative methods and specifications, such as controlling for latent user homophily and network structure roles based on deep-learning models. By extending the characteristics that have been theorized to affect the effectiveness of WOM from the observable to the latent space, tapping into users’ latent personality characteristics, and illustrating how companies can leverage the abundance of unstructured data in social media, our paper provides actionable insights regarding the future potential of social media advertising and advanced microtargeting based on big data and deep learning.

The online appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/isre.2017.0768 .
Exploiting and Defending Open Digital Platforms with Boundary Resources: Android’s Five Platform Forks
Authors: Karhu Kimmo , Gustafsson Robin , Lyytinen Kalle
Published: May 2018

Digital platforms can be opened in two ways to promote innovation and value generation. A platform owner can open access for third-party participants by establishing boundary resources, such as APIs and an app store, to allow complements to be developed and shared for the platform. Furthermore, to foster cooperation with the complementors, the platform owner can use an open-source license boundary resource to open and share the platform’s core resources. However, openness that is too wide renders the platform and its shared resources vulnerable to strategic exploitation. To our knowledge, platform strategies that promote such negative outcomes have remained unexplored in past research. We identify and analyze a prominent form of strategic exploitation called platform forking in which a hostile firm, i.e., a forker, bypasses the host’s controlling boundary resources and exploits the platform’s shared resources, core and complements, to create a competing platform business. We investigate platform forking on Google’s Android platform, a successful open digital platform, by analyzing the fate of five Android forks and related exploitative activities. We observe several strategies that illustrate alternative ways of bundling a platform fork from a set of host, forker, and other resources. We also scrutinize Google’s responses, which modified Android’s boundary resources to curb exploitation and retain control. In this paper, we make two contributions. First, we present a theorization of the competitive advantage of open digital platforms and specifically expose platform forking as an exploitative and competitive platform strategy. Second, we extend platform governance literature by showing how boundary resources, which are mainly viewed as cooperative governance mechanisms, are also used to combat platform forking and thus sustain a platform’s competitive advantage.
Does Platform Owner’s Entry Crowd Out Innovation? Evidence from Google Photos
Authors: Foerderer Jens , Kude Thomas , Mithas Sunil , Heinzl Armin
Published: May 2018

We study how platform owners’ decision to enter complementary markets affects innovation in the ecosystem surrounding the platform. Despite heated debates on the behavior of platform owners toward complementors, relatively little is known about the mechanisms linking platform owners’ entry and complementary innovation. We exploit Google’s 2015 entry into the market for photography apps on its own Android platform as a quasi-experiment. We conclude based on our analyses of a time-series panel of 6,620 apps that Google’s entry was associated with a substantial increase in complementary innovation. We estimate that the entry caused a 9.6% increase in the likelihood of major updates for apps affected by Google’s entry, compared to similar but not affected apps. Further analyses suggest that Google’s entry triggered complementary innovation because of the increased consumer attention for photography apps, instead of competitive “racing” or “Red Queen” effects. This attention spillover effect was particularly pronounced for larger and more diversified complementors. The study advances our understanding of the effects of platform owner’s entry, explicates the complex mechanisms that shape complementary innovation, and adds empirical evidence to the debate on regulating platforms.

The online appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/isre.2018.0787 .
Robust Multiclass Queuing Theory for Wait Time Estimation in Resource Allocation Systems
Authors: Bandi Chaithanya , Trichakis Nikolaos , Vayanos Phebe
Published: May 2018

In this paper, we study systems that allocate different types of scarce resources to heterogeneous allocatees based on predetermined priority rules—the U.S. deceased-donor kidney allocation system or the public housing program. We tackle the problem of estimating the wait time of an allocatee who possesses incomplete system information with regard, for example, to his relative priority, other allocatees’ preferences, and resource availability. We model such systems as multiclass, multiserver queuing systems that are potentially unstable or in transient regime. We propose a novel robust optimization solution methodology that builds on the assignment problem. For first-come, first-served systems, our approach yields a mixed-integer programming formulation. For the important case where there is a hierarchy in the resource types, we strengthen our formulation through a drastic variable reduction and also propose a highly scalable heuristic, involving only the solution of a convex optimization problem (usually a second-order cone problem). We back the heuristic with an approximation guarantee that becomes tighter for larger problem sizes. We illustrate the generalizability of our approach by studying systems that operate under different priority rules, such as class priority. Numerical studies demonstrate that our approach outperforms simulation. We showcase how our methodology can be applied to assist patients in the U.S. deceased-donor kidney waitlist. We calibrate our model using historical data to estimate patients’ wait times based on their kidney quality preferences, blood type, location, and rank in the waitlist.

This paper was accepted by Yinyu Ye, optimization.
Alliance Formation and Firm Value
Authors: Cabral Luís , Pacheco-de-Almeida Gonçalo
Published: May 2018

We consider the formation of alliances that potentially create complementarities, that is, when the value function is supermodular in firm resources. We show that, in a frictionless world where information is perfect and managers optimize, firm alliances disproportionately increase the value of high-resource-level firms, resulting in higher variance and higher skewness of the distribution of firm value; moreover, higher-value alliances are subject to regression to the mean at a faster rate. These effects are magnified if the degree of complementarities is endogenously determined by each firm’s investment. We also consider alliances where matching and/or information about firm resources are imperfect, and show that complementarities are a necessary but not sufficient condition for alliances to cause an increase in firm value; and that complementarities are neither a necessary nor a sufficient condition for alliances to be correlated with higher firm value.

This paper was accepted by Olav Sorenson, organizations.
A Shortest-Path Algorithm for the Departure Time and Speed Optimization Problem
Authors: Franceschetti Anna , Honhon Dorothée , Laporte Gilbert , Van Woensel Tom
Published: May 2018

We present a shortest-path algorithm for the departure time and speed optimization problem under traffic congestion. The objective of the problem is to determine an optimal schedule for a vehicle visiting a fixed sequence of customer locations to minimize a total cost function encompassing emissions cost and labor cost. We account for the presence of traffic congestion, which limits the vehicle speed during peak hours. We show how to cast this problem as a shortest-path problem by exploiting some structural results of the optimal solution. We illustrate the solution method and discuss some properties of the problem.

The online appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/trsc.2018.0820 .
Swanning around on the lake
Authors: Francis-Pester Dawn
Published: May 2018

Early summer is the best time to visit swans. In this article, you will find guidelines to help make the most of your visit and how to keep both swans and children safe.
Minding the gap 2018
Authors: Martland Rebecca
Published: May 2018

After the success of last year's conference, Alison Featherbe and Rebecca Martland put together another excellent conference that put childminding at the heart of the sector.
Discriminating between sounds
Authors: Sargent Marianne
Published: May 2018

This is the first in a series of extracts from the book, Developing Early Literacy Skills Outdoors, which explores ideas for providing children with opportunities to learn outside.
Graduate teaching assistants
Authors: Donohoe Tom
Published: May 2018

Properly trained and deployed teaching assistants can have a huge impact on pupil outcomes. Furthermore, the use of graduate teaching assistants can also support your school's recruitment and training strategy, as Tom Donohoe explains
Leading a primary MAT
Authors: Donnison Liam
Published: May 2018

The role of executive headteacher is a relatively new one and as such we are still discovering the secrets to successful MAT leadership. Kevin Simpson tells Liam Donnison how he and his team forged a successful MAT
Research roundup: May 2018
Authors: Murray Joy , Seal Joanne
Published: May 2018

In this section, a range of brief synopses of recently published articles that may be of interest to health visitors is presented. The aim of this roundup is to provide an overview, rather than a detailed summary, of the research papers selected. Should you wish to look at any of the papers in more detail, a full reference is provided.
An intervention in a rural community to build social connections and improve family outcomes
Authors: Walls Elaine , Wood Janettte
Published: May 2018

With recent austerity measures, including a reduction in local authority funding and some not for profit services, new parents can be faced with limited resources. Accessing services is a way for parents to meet similar people and build social connections. This article describes the development of a 6-week rolling programme to support the needs of new parents in a rural community, and to bridge the gap currently identified in local service provision. The positive effects of this intervention are evidence of the difference health visiting services and effective partnership working can produce.
The use of supplementary lighting in dairy cow housing to increase milk production
Authors: Chamberlain A T
Published: May 2018

Supplementary lighting provision has the potential to increase dairy cow milk yields with minimal additional capital costs. Recent developments in light emitting diode (LED) lighting technology has produced low power, high output luminaires suitable for on-farm use. Light levels (lumens) decline according to the inverse square law so luminaires need careful positioning. Specialist light meters must be used to assess provision as the human eye is too adaptable to objectively assess light levels. Providing in excess of 150 lux at cow eye level for 16–18 hours a day has been shown to lift milk yields by around 2 litres/cow/day with a 2–3 week lag in effect and a 7–9 week lag in feed intake increases. Natural day length is insufficient for most of the housed period in UK systems. Lighting adequacy should be assessed by a single time point survey of the building to determine provision in different parts of the building. Duration of high light levels is best assessed with suitable data loggers placed in the shed for several days. Fitting similar data loggers to individual cows will give a better understanding of the light that the cow actually receives. In general the current stock of un-improved dairy cattle housing is inadequately lit. The cost of making improvements to existing cattle sheds is generally in the tens of thousands of pounds, but if installed correctly can help lift milk yields by several litres per cow per day.
Diarrhoea in goats – and how to approach it
Authors: Harwood David
Published: May 2018

Goats have evolved as browsing animals, and their faeces are voided as pellets and are often very dry. Any change in faecal consistency may be an early indication of ill health, particularly when that change leads to diarrhoea/dysentery. Enterotoxaemia and parasitic gastroenteritis are the most common causes of diarrhoea in adult goats in the UK. This paper covers the causes, diagnostic principles, treatment and management of diarrhoea across the goat age categories.
The effect of femoral bone tunnel configuration on tendon-bone healing in an anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction
Authors: Sato Y. , Akagi R. , Akatsu Y. , Matsuura Y. , Takahashi S. , Yamaguchi S. , Enomoto T. , Nakagawa R. , Hoshi H. , Sasaki T. , Kimura S. , Ogawa Y. , Sadamasu A. , Ohtori S. , Sasho T.
Published: May 2018

Objectives

To compare the effect of femoral bone tunnel configuration on tendon-bone healing in an anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction animal model.

Methods

Anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction using the plantaris tendon as graft material was performed on both knees of 24 rabbits (48 knees) to mimic ACL reconstruction by two different suspensory fixation devices for graft fixation. For the adjustable fixation device model (Socket group; group S), a 5 mm deep socket was created in the lateral femoral condyle (LFC) of the right knee. For the fixed-loop model (Tunnel group; group T), a femoral tunnel penetrating the LFC was created in the left knee. Animals were sacrificed at four and eight weeks after surgery for histological evaluation and biomechanical testing.

Results

Histologically, both groups showed a mixture of direct and indirect healing patterns at four weeks, whereas only indirect healing patterns were observed in both groups at eight weeks. No significant histological differences were seen between the two groups at four and eight weeks in the roof zone (four weeks, S: mean 4.8 sd 1.7, T: mean 4.5 sd 0.5, p = 0.14; eight weeks, S: mean 5.8 sd 0.8, T: mean 4.8 sd 1.8, p = 0.88, Mann-Whitney U test) or side zone (four weeks, S: mean 5.0 sd 1.2, T: mean 4.8 sd 0.4, p = 0.43; eight weeks, S: mean 5.3 sd 0.8,T: mean 5.5 sd 0.8, p = 0.61, Mann-Whitney U test) . Similarly, no significant difference was seen in the maximum failure load between group S and group T at four (15.6 sd 9.0N and 13.1 sd 5.6N) or eight weeks (12.6 sd 3.6N and 17.1 sd 6.4N, respectively).

Conclusion

Regardless of bone tunnel configuration, tendon-bone healing after ACL reconstruction primarily occurred through indirect healing. No significant histological or mechanical differences were observed between adjustable and fixed-loop femoral cortical suspension methods. Cite this article: Y. Sato, R. Akagi, Y. Akatsu, Y. Matsuura, S. Takahashi, S. Yamaguchi, T. Enomoto, R. Nakagawa, H. Hoshi, T. Sasaki, S. Kimura, Y. Ogawa, A. Sadamasu, S. Ohtori, T. Sasho. The effect of femoral bone tunnel configuration on tendon-bone healing in an anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction: An animal study. Bone Joint Res 2018;7:327–335. DOI: 10.1302/2046-3758.75.BJR-2017-0238.R2.
Detectable High-Sensitivity Cardiac Troponin within the Population Reference Interval Conveys High 5-Year Cardiovascular Risk: An Observational Study
Authors: Than Martin P , Aldous Sally J , Troughton Richard W , Pemberton Christopher J , Richards A Mark , Frampton Christopher M A , Florkowski Christopher M , George Peter M , Bailey Samantha , Young Joanna M , Cullen Louise , Greenslade Jaimi H , Parsonage William A , Everett Brendan M , Peacock W Frank , Jaffe Allan S , Pickering John W
Published: May 2018

BACKGROUND

Increased cardiac troponin I or T detected by high-sensitivity assays (hs-cTnI or hs-cTnT) confers an increased risk of adverse prognosis. We determined whether patients presenting with putatively normal, detectable cTn concentrations [> limit of detection and < upper reference limit (URL)] have increased risk of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) or all-cause mortality.

METHODS

A prospective 5-year follow-up of patients recruited in the emergency department with possible acute coronary syndrome (ACS) and cTn concentrations measured with hs-cTnI (Abbott) and hs-cTnT (Roche) assays. Cox regression models were generated with adjustment for covariates in those without MACE on presentation. Hazard ratios (HRs) for hs-cTn were calculated relative to the HRs at the median concentration.

RESULTS

Of 1113 patients, 836 were without presentation MACE. Of these, 138 incurred a MACE and 169 died during a median 5.8-year follow-up. HRs for MACE at the URLs were 2.3 (95% CI, 1.7–3.2) for hs-cTnI and 1.8 (95% CI, 1.3–2.4) for hs-cTnT. Corresponding HRs for mortality were 1.7 (95% CI, 1.2–2.2) for hs-cTnI and 2.3 (95 % CI, 1.7–3.1) for hs-cTnT. The HR for MACE increased with increasing hs-cTn concentration similarly for both assays, but the HR for mortality increased at approximately twice the rate for hs-cTnT than hs-cTnI. Patients with hs-cTnI ≥10 ng/L or hs-cTnT ≥16 ng/L had the same percentage of MACE at 5-year follow-up (33%) as patients with presentation MACE.

CONCLUSIONS

Many patients with ACS ruled out and putatively normal but detectable hs-cTnI concentrations are at similar long-term risk as those with MACE. hs-cTnT concentrations are more strongly associated with 5-year mortality than hs-cTnI.
Intellectual Traditions, Education, and Jihad: The (Non)Parallels between the Sokoto and Boko Haram Jihads
Authors: Lofkrantz Jennifer
Published: May 2018

In popular discourse many comparisons have been made between the nineteenth-century Sokoto and the twenty-first-century Boko Haram jihads. This article argues that the fundamental differences between the two jihads outweigh any surface similarities. Although both jihads took place in roughly the same geographic region, contemporary northern Nigeria and surrounding regions, and the leaders of both jihads called for the formation of a state based on a more “pure” or more “orthodox” form of Islam, they fundamentally differ on the bases of geographic center, ideology, leadership, and tactics. The article emphasizes intellectual and education networks in establishing the interpretations of Islam from which the Sokoto and Boko Haram jihadists derived their ideologies and justifications for their movements.
Ebola, Poverty, Economic Inequity and Social Injustice in Sierra Leone
Authors: M’bayo Tamba E.
Published: May 2018

The recent Ebola virus disease (EVD) epidemic in the West African countries of Guinea, Liberia, and Sierra Leone claimed the lives of slightly over eleven thousand victims by June 2015. Focusing on Sierra Leone, this article argues that the Ebola outbreak cannot be divorced from larger and chronic issues of poverty, economic inequality, and social injustice that have been the bane of the country’s stunted development in its postcolonial existence since 1961. Drawing on current historical literature on epidemiology in Africa, media reports, documents from the World Health Organization (WHO) and other international agencies such as Médicins Sans Frontières (MSF), and testimonies from Sierra Leoneans, the article aims to historicize and situate the Ebola epidemic in Sierra Leone within a wider context of poverty and related issues of economic inequity and social inequality.
Algunos temas en la teoría de Suárez del alma separada
Authors: South James B.
Published: May 2018

En este artículo, me enfoco en las tres cuestiones de la teoría de Suárez del alma separada: el estatus del alma separada como persona, el conocimiento de sí por parte del alma separada, y la cuestión de la naturaleza del alma tanto como forma del cuerpo y como existiendo fuera del cuerpo. Sitúo su discusión en diálogo con Santo Tomás de Aquino y Cayetano (Thomas de Vio) y expongo los aspectos en que Suárez se diferencia de esos dos pensadores. Finalmente, demuestro cómo su presentación de estos problemas da lugar a una versión filosóficamente probable de la resurrección del cuerpo.
Cuatro tipos de intención: actual, habitual, virtual e interpretativa
Authors: Penner Sydney
Published: May 2018

Suárez distingue entre cuatro formas diferentes de intentar un fin de acción: con una intención actual, virtual, habitual o interpretativa. Esta distinción se repite en muchos libros y artículos en siglos posteriores como una parte estándar de la teoría de la acción, y Suárez es evidentemente la fuente de muchos de los autores posteriores. Este artículo examina el tratamiento de Suárez de la distinción. La intención interpretativa recibe la mayor atención, ya que Suárez parece dar varias caracterizaciones inconsistentes de ella en diferentes obras. El artículo concluye con algunas notas sobre la posterior recepción de la distinción y comenta brevemente las lecciones que se deben aprender sobre cómo rastrear la influencia de Suárez.
El lenguaje de la ley humana en el pensamiento de Francisco Suárez
Authors: Centenera Sánchez-Seco Fernando
Published: May 2018

En este trabajo se aborda el tema del lenguaje de la ley humana en el pensamiento de Francisco Suárez. El desarrollo se lleva a cabo teniendo en cuenta principalmente el Tratado de las leyes y de Dios legislador y comprende los siguientes aspectos: el carácter preceptivo del lenguaje legislativo, la forma escrita y oral, el nivel léxico-semántico y la claridad lingüística desde las perspectivas de la conveniencia, la esencia de la ley y la justicia. Las cuestiones tratadas por Suárez a propósito de estos aspectos han seguido siendo objeto de atención en épocas posteriores y en nuestros días. Hoy la lectura de algunas de ellas infunde la idea de que siguen vigentes. Por todo ello, junto a la exposición de contenidos, que pretende describir y ofrecer pautas para entender las ideas del jesuita, se presentan otros análisis de carácter comparativo y reflexivo; aunque sin perder de vista que nos centramos en un autor que escribió en la Edad Moderna.
Memoria peninsular de un legado para el siglo XXI: Francisco Suárez (1617- 2017)
Authors: Lázaro Pulido Manuel , Zorroza Mª Idoya
Published: May 2018

El trabajo presenta las distintas actividades científicas (congresos, jornadas internacionales, publicaciones) que con motivo del cuarto centenario del fallecimiento de Francisco Suárez se han celebrado y se han organizado durante el año 2017 o el curso académico 2017-18. En las iniciativas presentadas se advierte la vigencia de la reflexión suareciana, no sólo por su relevancia histórica, sino también como un pensamiento con el que poder replantear los retos de nuestra situación contemporánea.
Development of an ambulatory infusion protocol for Abatacept
Authors: Queffelec Karen , Anderson Michelle , Convery Holly , Reid Brenda
Published: May 2018

The identification of the genetic causes of Common Variable Immune Deficiency (CVID) has led to recognition of the need for biological medications to treat the autoimmune manifestations that CVID patients with LRBA and CTLA4 deficiency experience. Immunologists have not traditionally used biological medications as treatment in CVID patients and may not be familiar with the use of them. We present the process and protocol as well as a nursing checklist used by the Division of Rheumatology for the use of Abatacept.

Statement of novelty: The methodology used to develop the order set and nursing checklist may be applied to other biologic medications as they become available.
The Affective and Neural Correlates of Heroin versus Cocaine Use in Addiction Are Influenced by Environmental Setting But in Opposite Directions
Authors: De Pirro Silvana , Galati Gaspare , Pizzamiglio Luigi , Badiani Aldo
Published: May 2018

Previous studies have shown that individuals with heroin and cocaine addiction prefer to use these drugs in distinct settings: mostly at home in the case of heroin and mostly outside the home in the case of cocaine. Here we investigated whether the context would modulate the affective and neural responses to these drugs in a similar way. First, we used a novel emotional task to assess the affective state produced by heroin or cocaine in different settings, based on the recollections of male and female drug users. Then we used fMRI to monitor neural activity during drug imagery (re-creating the setting of drug use) in male drug users. Consistent with our working hypothesis, the majority of participants reported a shift in the affective valence of heroin from mostly pleasant at home to mostly unpleasant outside the home (p< 0.0001). The opposite shift was observed for cocaine; that is, most participants who found cocaine pleasant outside the home found it unpleasant when taken at home (p< 0.0014). Furthermore, we found a double dissociation, as a function of drug and setting imagery, in BOLD signal changes in the left PFC and caudate, and bilaterally in the cerebellum (allpvalues <0.01), suggesting that the fronto-striatal-cerebellar network is implicated in the contextualization of drug-induced affect. In summary, we report that the same setting can influence in opposite directions the affective and neural response to psychostimulants versus opiates in humans, adding to growing evidence of distinct substrates for the rewarding effects of these two drug classes.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTThe rewarding effects of addictive drugs are often thought to depend on shared substrates. Yet, environmental influences can unmask striking differences between psychostimulants and opiates. Here we used emotional tasks and fMRI to explore the influence of setting on the response to heroin versus cocaine in individuals with addiction. Simply moving from one setting to another significantly decreased heroin pleasure but increased cocaine pleasure, and vice versa. Similar double dissociation was observed in the activity of the fronto-striatal-cerebellar network. These findings suggest that the effects of opiates and psychostimulants depend on dissociable psychological and neural substrates and that therapeutic approaches to addiction should take into account the peculiarities of different drug classes and the settings of drug use.
Structural and Functional Rescue of Chronic Metabolically Stressed Optic Nerves through Respiration
Authors: Harun-Or-Rashid Mohammad , Pappenhagen Nate , Palmer Peter G. , Smith Matthew A. , Gevorgyan Victoria , Wilson Gina N. , Crish Samuel D. , Inman Denise M.
Published: May 2018

Axon degeneration can arise from metabolic stress, potentially a result of mitochondrial dysfunction or lack of appropriate substrate input. In this study, we investigated whether the metabolic vulnerability observed during optic neuropathy in the DBA/2J (D2) model of glaucoma is due to dysfunctional mitochondria or impaired substrate delivery to axons, the latter based on our observation of significantly decreased glucose and monocarboxylate transporters in D2 optic nerve (ON), human ON, and mice subjected to acute glaucoma injury. We placed both sexes of D2 mice destined to develop glaucoma and mice of a control strain, the DBA/2J-Gpnmb+, on a ketogenic diet to encourage mitochondrial function. Eight weeks of the diet generated mitochondria, improved energy availability by reversing monocarboxylate transporter decline, reduced glial hypertrophy, protected retinal ganglion cells and their axons from degeneration, and maintained physiological signaling to the brain. A robust antioxidant response also accompanied the response to the diet. These results suggest that energy compromise and subsequent axon degeneration in the D2 is due to low substrate availability secondary to transporter downregulation.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTWe show axons in glaucomatous optic nerve are energy depleted and exhibit chronic metabolic stress. Underlying the metabolic stress are low levels of glucose and monocarboxylate transporters that compromise axon metabolism by limiting substrate availability. Axonal metabolic decline was reversed by upregulating monocarboxylate transporters as a result of placing the animals on a ketogenic diet. Optic nerve mitochondria responded capably to the oxidative phosphorylation necessitated by the diet and showed increased number. These findings indicate that the source of metabolic challenge can occur upstream of mitochondrial dysfunction. Importantly, the intervention was successful despite the animals being on the cusp of significant glaucoma progression.
The Finger Saga
Authors: Mancuso Rebecca
Published: May 2018

The Wood County (Ohio) Historical Center and Museum has struggled with how to treat a controversial artifact a long time in its possession: a set of severed human fingers in a jar. Collected from a murder scene in 1881, “The Fingers in the Jar” have become a popular piece of the museum’s collection but for problematic reasons. This article traces the artifact’s life from creation to lurid objectification and proposes a new interpretation that recognizes its profound moral value. Such provocative exhibits can generate critical moral reflection and thus the museum is exploring ways to present these controversial human remains despite ethical concerns. Displaying them in a humanizing, pedagogically sound way fits squarely within the museum’s updated mission to promote social justice. The museum can offer a pathway toward public education on domestic homicide in all its brutality, historically and today.
In Defense of Presidential Libraries
Authors: Clark Bob
Published: May 2018

The recent announcement by the National Archives and Records Administration (NARA) and the Barack Obama Foundation that there will be no Barack Obama Presidential Library has received very little attention or scrutiny. This essay examines that decision and places it in historical context based on the author’s expertise gained through years of working within NARA at the Franklin D. Roosevelt Presidential Library and Museum and writing about the early history of NARA and the presidential library system. The essay explores the many ways in which the failure to build an Obama Library adversely impacts researcher access to important historical information, damages the quality of museum exhibits at a privately run Obama museum, threatens the presidential library system as we know it, and ultimately impairs our democracy.
Influência do uso de pontos de controle de campo na melhoria da acurácia dos dados coletados por meio de VANT nas periciais ambientais
Authors: Trindade Carlos Alberto , Nunes Júlia C. S.
Published: May 2018

Este trabalho avalia a qualidade dos produtos gerados pelo processamento fotogramétrico de fotografias aéreas tomadas por veículos aéreos não tripulados (VANTs), os modelos digitais de superfície e as ortofotos. Foram realizados três conjuntos de produtos, sendo o primeiro com as fotografias aéreas com as coordenadas do VANT, o segundo com as mesmas fotografias, mas com a introdução de uma medida de escala e o terceiro processado com pontos de controle de precisão centimétrica na região de estudo. A comparação entre as discrepâncias entre os pontos presentes nas ortofotos e seus homólogos pontos medidos em campo, mostrou que o terceiro método é melhor quando se é necessária grande precisão. Em relação à medição da dimensão das áreas, identificou-se discrepância significativa entre a área medida sobre a ortofoto determinada sem pontos de campo e a área medida sobre ortofoto com pontos de campo. Por sua vez, a área medida sobre a ortofoto gerada sem pontos de campo, porém com uma medida de distância determinada (modelo escalado) apresentou discrepância em torno de 1% em relação à área padrão. Cada trabalho de perícia na área ambiental, onde se necessita realizar medição de áreas ou de volumes, possui especificações de precisão particulares, exigindo análise da metodologia a ser aplicada. A realização de um voo com uso de pontos de controle aumenta a confiabilidade do produto final, entretanto a realização de pelo menos uma medida de distância no modelo tridimensional se mostrou suficiente para aumentar a precisão da determinação de áreas nas ortofotos.
Perfil nacional de apreensões de agrotóxicos pela Polícia Federal
Authors: Lemos Vanessa Ferreira , Carvalho Ana Carolina Brouwers , Ortiz Rafael Scorsatto
Published: May 2018

O Brasil é um grande consumidor de produtos agrotóxicos, sejam estes comercializados de forma legal ou ilegal. Os crimes de contrabando e falsificação destes produtos são responsáveis por diversos prejuízos para a sociedade, sejam estes relacionados à saúde pública, ao meio ambiente ou à economia. A Polícia Federal (PF) possui informações importantes sobre as apreensões de agrotóxicos no país, que podem ser compiladas e organizadas para descrever o panorama atual dos crimes relacionados a estes produtos no Brasil. Neste contexto, este estudo teve como objetivo fazer um levantamento do perfil nacional de apreensão de agrotóxicos, de forma a contribuir como embasamento para o desenvolvimento de metodologias analíticas que auxiliem na repressão a estes crimes. Através da análise dos dados contidos nos laudos periciais emitidos pela PF entre os anos de 2012 e 2017, foram coletadas as seguintes informações: local de análise e de apreensão, quantidade apreendida, ingrediente ativo descrito no rótulo, ingrediente ativo encontrado nas análises químicas, e países de fabricação e de registro. Foi possível traçar um panorama da situação atual sobre as apreensões de agrotóxicos no Brasil, revelando, dentre outros dados, que o Rio Grande do Sul foi o estado com maior demanda de exames periciais destes produtos, e que o ingrediente ativo metsulfurom-metílico foi o mais frequentemente presente nos agrotóxicos contrabandeados durante este período.
Perfil criminal geográfico: novas perspectivas comportamentais para investigação de crimes violentos no Brasil
Authors: Lino Denis , Matsunaga Lucas Heiki
Published: May 2018

O objetivo do estudo é pontuar as bases teóricas e empíricas do perfil criminal geográfico, além de sua aplicabilidade no Brasil, tendo em vista que os estudos sobre a relação entre comportamento e ambiente possibilitam, de acordo com a literatura, contribuições e tecnologias que auxiliem na investigação de crimes violentos em série. São expostas teorias, modelos e áreas de estudo, como a criminologia ambiental e a psicologia investigativa, que buscam estabelecer relações significativas entre características do ambiente e do criminoso em relação à locomoção e mobilidade para o cometimento de comportamentos criminosos específicos, especialmente os violentos. Por fim, é proposta uma agenda de pesquisa, tendo em vista a necessidade de produções científicas para divulgar e embasar a aplicação de tal técnica investigativa.
RBC e seus colaboradores contribuindo para a Segurança Pública Nacional
Authors: Telles Bruno , Dias Filho Claudemir Rodrigues , Gomes Juliano de Andrade , Tocantins Rogério
Published: May 2018

A Segurança Pública nunca esteve tão em evidência no Brasil. A violência, incessantemente, se fez presente no cotidiano da sociedade brasileira nas últimas décadas, porém ela se converteu em um problema social de difícil solução diante da escalada desenfreada da violência contra a integridade física e contra o patrimônio da população. No início deste ano de 2018, o Governo Federal decretou a intervenção no Estado do Rio de Janeiro com o objetivo de amenizar a situação de insegurança, bem como criou o Ministério da Segurança Pública.
The impact of transcription on metabolism in prostate and breast cancers
Authors: Poulose Ninu , Mills Ian G , Steele Rebecca E
Published: May 2018

Metabolic dysregulation is regarded as an important driver in cancer development and progression. The impact of transcriptional changes on metabolism has been intensively studied in hormone-dependent cancers, and in particular, in prostate and breast cancer. These cancers have strong similarities in the function of important transcriptional drivers, such as the oestrogen and androgen receptors, at the level of dietary risk and epidemiology, genetics and therapeutically. In this review, we will focus on the function of these nuclear hormone receptors and their downstream impact on metabolism, with a particular focus on lipid metabolism. We go on to discuss how lipid metabolism remains dysregulated as the cancers progress. We conclude by discussing the opportunities that this presents for drug repurposing, imaging and the development and testing of new therapeutics and treatment combinations.
Survey of Human Chromosome 21 Gene Expression Effects on Early Development in Danio rerio
Authors: Edie Sarah , Zaghloul Norann A , Leitch Carmen C , Klinedinst Donna K , Lebron Janette , Thole Joey F , McCallion Andrew S , Katsanis Nicholas , Reeves Roger H
Published: May 2018

Trisomy for human chromosome 21 (Hsa21) results in Down syndrome (DS), one of the most genetically complex conditions compatible with human survival. Assessment of the physiological consequences of dosage-driven overexpression of individual Hsa21 genes during early embryogenesis and the resulting contributions to DS pathology in mammals are not tractable in a systematic way. A recent study looked at loss-of-function of a subset of Caenorhabditis elegans orthologs of Hsa21 genes and identified ten candidates with behavioral phenotypes, but the equivalent over-expression experiment has not been done. We turned to zebrafish as a developmental model and, using a number of surrogate phenotypes, we screened Hsa21 genes for effects on early embyrogenesis. We prepared a library of 164 cDNAs of conserved protein coding genes, injected mRNA into early embryos and evaluated up to 5 days post-fertilization (dpf). Twenty-four genes produced a gross morphological phenotype, 11 of which could be reproduced reliably. Seven of these gave a phenotype consistent with down regulation of the sonic hedgehog (Shh) pathway; two showed defects indicative of defective neural crest migration; one resulted consistently in pericardial edema; and one was embryonic lethal. Combinatorial injections of multiple Hsa21 genes revealed both additive and compensatory effects, supporting the notion that complex genetic relationships underlie end phenotypes of trisomy that produce DS. Together, our data suggest that this system is useful in the genetic dissection of dosage-sensitive gene effects on early development and can inform the contribution of both individual loci and their combinatorial effects to phenotypes relevant to the etiopathology of DS.
Cirugía percutánea del pie: ¿hacia dónde debemos ir?
Authors: Del Vecchio Jorge Javier
Published: May 2018

Cirugía percutánea del pie: ¿hacia dónde debemos ir?
RESPON SISWA TERHADAP PENERAPAN METODE PRAKTIK PADA BAB WUDHU TERHADAP MOTIVASI BELAJAR SISWA PADA MATA PELAJARAN PAI
Authors: Jamaluddin Jamaluddin
Published: May 2018

Penelitian ini bertolak dari fenomena yang muncul di SMP N 1 Cileunyi Kab. Bandung khususnya kelas VII, yakni timbulnya kesenjangan, yaitu di satu pihak guru sudah menggunakan metode praktek dalam penyampaian materi PAI pada BAB wudlu, sedangkan di pihak lain dilihat dari motivasi belajar siswa dalam belajar masih rendah dan salah satunya siswa sering bolos sekolah, jarang memperhatikan, dan sering ribut di kelas. Penelitian ini menggunakan jenis kuantitatif dengan metode deskriptif. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, diperoleh kesimpulan bahwa realitas variabel X menunjukan kualifikasi tinggi, dengan nilai 3,78. Nilai tersebut berada diantara interval 3,5 – 4,5. Begitupun realitas variabel Y menunjukan kualifikasi tinggi, dengan nilai 3,5. Nilai tersebut berada di antara interval 3,5 – 4,5. Nilai koefisien korelasi sebesar 0,30 berkategori rendah karena berada pada interval 0,21-0,40. Dengan demikian hubungan antara respon siswa terhadap penerapan metode praktek pada bab wudlu dengan motivasi belajar mereka pada mata pelajaran PAI adalah posistif. Artinya makin tingi respon siswa terhadap penerapan metode praktek pada bab wudlu, maka makin tinggi pula motivasi belajar siswa pada mata pelajaran PAI, sebaliknya makin rendah respon siswa terhadapa penerapan metode praktek pada bab wudlu, maka makin rendah pula motivasi belajar siswa pada mate pelajaran PAI. Adapun pengaruh variabel X terhadap variabel Y adalah sebesar 5%, artinya bahwa 95% lagi dipengaruhi oleh faktor lain.
Recipe for apple-agar embryo collection plates v1
Authors: M Monteith Katy
Published: May 2018

This protocol describes the recipe for apple-agar plates which can be used for embryo collection. Alternatively, grape juice can be used instead of apple juice.
Phosphate-buffered Saline (PBS) v1
Authors: M Monteith Katy
Published: May 2018

This protocol describes how to make 1 L of PBS to a final concentration of 1xor 10x solution. The solution can be made RNase free with the addition of DEPC (diethyl pyrocarbonate) as in step 5.