bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Dynamic Interaction Networks and Frequency Domain Features of Speculation and Volatility in US Energy Futures Markets
Authors: Liu Jianmin , Li Zeguang , Putnam Bluford , Yu Arthur
Published: February 2025

This paper investigates the interplay between speculative and price volatility in the energy futures markets over various cycles, utilizing wavelet coherence and a double‐layer network approach. Contrary to conventional wisdom, we find that long‐term price volatility in individual futures markets, driven by extreme events, persistently leads to increased speculative trading, partly associated with increased hedging and risk management activity. The connectedness of the two‐layer network system is dominated by speculation and volatility spillovers in the short and long term, respectively. The cross‐layer spillover effects between price volatility and speculation are more pronounced in the long term. The direct and network effects of speculation reinterpret the interaction patterns among various futures markets. Specifically, the crude oil market, as a net receiver of spillover effects, exhibits an impact of speculation on price volatility driven primarily by network effects. However, the natural gas market is dominated by the direct effects of speculation.
Influence of Cytogenetics on the Outcome of Patients With High‐Risk Myelodysplastic Syndrome Including Deletion 5q Treated With Azacitidine With or Without Lenalidomide
Authors: Rasmussen Bengt , Nilsson Lars , Tobiasson Magnus , Jädersten Martin , Garelius Hege , Dybedal Ingunn , Grønbaek Kirsten , Ejerblad Elisabeth , Lorenz Fryderyk , Flogegård Max , Marcher Claus Werenberg , Cavalier Lucia , Ebeling Freja , Olsnes Astrid Marta , Nørgaard Jan Maxwell , Saft Leonie , Möllgård Lars , Hellström‐Lindberg Eva , Schlegelberger Brigitte , Göhring Gudrun
Published: February 2025

In myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS), cytogenetic characteristics of the malignant bone marrow cells influence the clinical course. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether cytogenetics is useful to predict outcome and response in patients with del(5q) under azacitidine (AZA) ± lenalidomide (LEN) therapy. We therefore performed comprehensive cytogenetic analyses in MDS patients with del(5q) treated within the randomized phase II trial NMDSG10B. Seventy‐two patients were enrolled in the study and 46 patients (64%) had sufficient cytogenetics at inclusion and response evaluation. Karyotyping was significantly more sensitive during follow‐up to detect del(5q) compared to FISH, 34 patients (97%) versus 27 patients (77%) (p = 0.027). The overall response rate (ORR) did not differ between the 11 patients with < 3 aberrations (median 1 aberration) and the 59 patients with ≥ 3 aberrations (median 7 aberrations, range 3–16), while ≥ 3 aberrations were associated with shorter overall survival (OS), 9.9 months versus 25.2 months (p = 0.004). OS was significantly shorter in patients with unbalanced translocation of 5q than patients with del (5)(q14q34), 8.4 months versus 21.1 months (p = 0.004). Both complex karyotype and multi‐hit TP53 alterations were more frequent in patients with unbalanced translocations of 5q versus del (5)(q14q34), 98% and 88% versus 67% and 47% (each p = < 0.001). Most patients with cytogenetic progression had multi‐hit TP53 alterations at inclusion. Cytogenetic progression occurred at a similar frequency in the AZA arm and in the AZA + LEN arm. In summary, this study in homogenously treated MDS patients with different abnormalities of 5q demonstrates the influence of cytogenetics on treatment results.

Trial Registration: EudraCT number: 2011‐001639‐21; ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT01556477.
The Power of Presence: The Impact of Paternity Leave on Child Health in China
Authors: Li Xiaoman , Fu Yu , Mao Ailin
Published: February 2025

Based on multi‐source data, this study uses a cross‐regional and birth‐cohort variation to construct a cross‐sectional difference‐in‐differences model analyzing the impact of paternity leave (PL) policies on children’s health outcomes, and explores underlying mechanism. The study finds that PL polices significantly improve children’s health, with parallel trends tests and placebo tests demonstrating strong robustness of these findings. Further research reveals that PL can improve children’s health through three pathways: encouraging fathers’ involvement in childcare, increasing medical expenditure, and forming reasonable family labor division. Meanwhile, the policy shows significant heterogeneous effects on children’s health outcomes across different family sizes and father’s job types. Finally, this study further explores various factors affecting the implementation of PL, aiming to provide empirical evidence for policy‐makers.
Cadaveric Anatomical Study of Orbit‐Preserving Ophthalmic Neurectomy via Endoscopic and Exoscopic Techniques
Authors: Crawford Lachlan , Midwinter Mark , Panizza Benedict
Published: February 2025

Background

Perineural spread of cutaneous head and neck squamous cell carcinoma is most effectively managed by surgical resection with a clear central margin at the affected nerve. For ophthalmic nerve disease, there is no clear consensus regarding the extent of spread which is resectable via an orbit‐preserving neurectomy, either in regard to oncological outcome or technical feasibility.

Methods

Cadaveric anatomical study of 10 human orbits, with endoscopic and exoscopic dissection of the frontal division of the ophthalmic nerve, to quantify the maximal extent of resection via orbit‐preserving techniques and to discern the advantages and disadvantages of exoscopic versus endoscopic visualization aids.

Results

Mean achievable resection length measured from the supraorbital ridge was 40.9 mm (n = 10). No branching patterns were identified which would preclude neurectomy as an oncologically sound option.

Conclusions

Orbit‐preserving resection of the ophthalmic nerve is technically feasible to a distance of approximately 4 cm, encompassing the majority of Williams Zone 1.
Demographic Disparities in Diagnosis and Treatment of Anxiety and Depressive Disorders in Head and Neck Cancer Survivors
Authors: Gallagher Tyler J. , Chung Ryan S. , Khachikyan Nyree , Lin Matthew E. , Kokot Niels C.
Published: February 2025

Background

The associations between head and neck cancer (HNC) and anxiety and depression are well‐known, but knowledge regarding the association between demographic factors and rates of diagnosis and treatment for these disorders among HNC survivors is incomplete.

Methods

This retrospective study utilized propensity score matching to compare rates of selected new anxiety and/or depressive disorder diagnoses among HNC survivors and treatment of those disorders by sex, race, ethnicity, and language.

Results

Results suggested lower likelihood of anxiety and/or depressive disorder diagnosis among individuals of male sex, and any minority, African American, Asian, and Other race, while diagnosis rates were higher among native Hawaiian/Pacific Islanders. Treatment with pharmacotherapy was less likely among individuals of male sex, any minority and African American Asian race, Hispanic ethnicity, and Spanish language.

Conclusions

This study suggests that mental health diagnosis and treatment among HNC survivors may be inequitable, although further research is necessary to confirm these associations and understand underlying mechanisms.
Plasma Soluble Progenitor Cell Receptors as Biomarkers for Severe Anemia Among Malaria‐Infected Pediatrics: A Prospective Study in Ghana
Authors: Nkansah Charles , Appiah Samuel K. , Osei‐Boakye Felix , Appiah‐Kubi Emmanuel , Abbam Gabriel , Daud Samira , Derigubah Charles A. , Bani Simon B. , Banyeh Moses , Mensah Kofi , Tater Ruby , Mensah Jennifer Obeng , Natornaa Anne , Adjei Isaac , Tanko Muniru M. , Amankwaa Gilbert , Selleh Peter K. , Aboagye Samuel B. , Chima Onwuka K. , Kpangkpari Sylvanus M. , Ottah Prince , Boadi Enoch , Quansah Yeduah , Chukwurah Ejike F. , Ukwah Boniface N. , Usanga Victor U.
Published: February 2025

Background

Soluble forms of progenitor cell receptors may be implicated in the delayed erythropoietic response during severe anemia. In this study, plasma levels of soluble erythropoietin receptor (sEPO‐R) and soluble granulocyte, macrophage‐colony stimulating factor receptor (sGM‐CSFR) were assessed in Plasmodium falciparum‐infected children in Ghana.

Methods

This case‐control study was conducted at Tamale Teaching Hospital, Ghana. One hundred and twenty P. falciparum‐infected, and 60 uninfected children aged 12–144 months were recruited from April to July, 2023. About 4 mL of blood was collected for malaria microscopy, full blood count using a haematology analyser, and sEPO‐R, sGM‐CSFR and erythropoietin (EPO) estimation using enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assays. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 26.0.

Results

Plasma levels of sEPO‐R were higher among participants with severe malarial anemia (SMA) than those in the non‐SMA and control groups (p < 0.001). Plasma sGM‐CSFR levels were higher in P. falciparum‐infected children than in controls, but the levels were similar between the SMA and non‐SMA groups. Hemoglobin (r = −0.823, p < 0.001), RBC (r = −0.852, p < 0.001), HCT (r = −0.790, p < 0.001) and platelets (r = −0.810, p < 0.001) negatively correlated with sEPO‐R. There was a strong positive correlation between sEPO‐R and EPO in P. falciparum‐infected children (r = 0.901, p < 0.001). Plasma sEPO‐R better predicted severe anemia among malaria‐infected children (cut‐off point: 161.5 pg/mL, sensitivity: 96.0%, specificity: 82.9%, AUC: 0.964, p < 0.001).

Conclusion

P. falciparum‐infected children had higher plasma levels of sGM‐CSFR, sEPO‐R and EPO. Plasma sEPO‐R correlated negatively with erythrocyte parameters, suggesting a possible contribution of the endogenous receptor to the development of severe anemia in children with malaria. Further studies to investigate the neutralizing effects of sEPO‐R on erythropoietic response during malaria are recommended.
Bacillus subtilis–containing biostimulant improves salt stress tolerance of creeping bentgrass
Authors: Zhang Xunzhong , Goatley Mike , Flanary Taylor , Gratta Samantha
Published: February 2025

Turfgrass is increasingly experiencing salt stress due to the accelerated salinization of agricultural lands and increasing demand for use of reclaimed or other secondary saline water for irrigation of turfgrass landscapes. Proper application of microbial biostimulants may alleviate salt stress‐induced injury of turfgrass and other crop plants. This growth chamber study was to investigate effects of a Bacillus subtilis–containing biostimulant on salt stress tolerance in creeping bentgrass (Agrostis stolonifera). There were five treatments, including non‐salt and salt controls, and three rates (0.32, 0.64, and 1.28 mL m−2) of the biostimulant with four replications, and treated grass was subjected to salt stress (sodium chloride [NaCl], 8 ds/m). The results showed that foliar application of the biostimulant improved leaf color, green leaf percentage, leaf chlorophyll content, photochemical efficiency, and leaf antioxidant enzyme superoxide dismutase activity when compared to the salt control. The treatments also increased root biomass, root viability, leaf potassium (K), and magnesium (Mg) content. The treatment at the high rate (1.28 mL m−2) tended to have greater positive effects on salt stress tolerance when compared to the low rate (0.32 mL m−2). The results of this study suggest foliar application of the Bacillus subtilis–containing biostimulant at 1.28 mL m−2 could improve salt tolerance by improving plant growth, photosynthetic function, and antioxidant systems in creeping bentgrass.
Ascertaining who is eligible for SNAP: Are we using the correct metric?
Authors: Wei Min‐Fang , Gundersen Craig
Published: February 2025

Extensive research has shown that the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) reduces food insecurity. This work, however, has generally defined eligibility based on only the gross income criterion (ignoring the asset and net income criteria). Using data from the 2018 Survey of Income and Program Participation, these central results emerge: the composition of eligible households differs by choice of metric; state's discretion to remove the asset test, compared to setting a higher gross income threshold, has a larger impact on the eligible sample; and previous research examining the effect of SNAP on food insecurity is likely robust to sample choice.
Recurrent Neural Network/Machine Learning Predictions of Reactive Channels in H+ + C2H4 at ELab = 30 eV: A Prototype of Ion Cancer Therapy Reactions
Authors: Das Debojyoti , Teixeira Erico S. , Morales Jorge A.
Published: February 2025

We present a simplest‐level electron nuclear dynamics/machine learning (SLEND/ML) approach to predict chemical properties in ion cancer therapy (ICT) reactions. SLEND is a time‐dependent, variational, on‐the‐fly, and nonadiabatic method. In SLEND, nuclear and electronic parameters determine reactants‐to‐products trajectories in a quantum phase space; this establishes a mapping between reactants' initial conditions and products' properties. To accelerate simulations, SLEND/ML utilizes a modicum of SLEND trajectories to train ML methods on the aforesaid mapping and employs them to predict chemical properties. We employ SLEND/ML to predict reaction types and products' charges in H+ + C2H4 at ELab = 30 eV, a prototype of ICT reactions involving double‐bonded compounds. For reaction predictions, a recurrent neural network (RNN) and k‐nearest neighbor method are the best models with 98.23% and 95.13% accuracy. RNN correctly predicts frequent and infrequent reaction types and generalizes over data sets. For charge predictions, the RNN exhibits low mean absolute errors of 0.02–0.07.
A comprehensive review on photocatalytic degradation of agro‐organochlorine pollutants using multifunctional metal oxide and supported and doped metal oxide nanoarchitecture materials
Authors: Emmanuel Stephen Sunday , Badamasi Hamza , Sanni Saheed O. , Ore Odunayo T. , Bayode Ajibola A. , Adesibikan Ademidun Adeola
Published: February 2025

The environment and public health are seriously threatened by the rising incidence of organochlorine pollutants (OCPs) in aquatic environments. In response, photocatalytic degradation has emerged as a viable and sustainable method for getting rid of these dangerous contaminants. This study offers a thorough examination of the most recent developments in photocatalytic degradation approaches, with a specific focus on multifunctional metal oxide nanoparticles (MONPs). Through a critical appraisal of relevant literature, the review elucidates the underlying mechanisms involved in the photocatalytic degradation of OCPs and evaluates the performance of various metal oxide nanoarchitecture materials. The review also includes an in‐depth exploration of the regenerability and recyclability of spent MONPs. Future research directions in the area of circular economy and cost analysis were also provided to help upcoming researchers. In conclusion, this review consolidates the current knowledge on the photocatalytic degradation of emerging OCPs, providing valuable insights into the application of MOPs, and contributing to the development of sustainable and efficient strategies for mitigating the environmental damage of OCPs to aid the actualization of Sustainable Development Goals 3, 6, and 14.
Association of P2RY12 Gene Variants and Non‐Genetic Factors With Clopidogrel Responsiveness in Vietnamese Patients After Percutaneous Coronary Intervention: A Cross‐Sectional Study
Authors: Ta Anh Hoang , Nguyen Duy Toan , Bui Duc Thanh , Hoang Van Tong , Nguyen Oanh Oanh , Luong Cong Thuc , Truong Dinh Cam
Published: February 2025

Background

Clopidogrel response varies significantly among individuals due to multiple influencing factors. This study aimed to investigate the associations between P2RY12 gene variants, non‐genetic factors, and platelet aggregation in patients undergoing clopidogrel therapy and percutaneous coronary intervention.

Methods

We conducted a cross‐sectional descriptive study involving 171 patients who successfully underwent coronary artery stenting and were treated with clopidogrel at two military hospitals in Vietnam. Platelet aggregation was assessed using the light transmission aggregometry (LTA) method, with clopidogrel resistance (CR) defined as maximal platelet aggregation > 50%. P2RY12 genetic polymorphisms (C34T‐rs6785930 and G52T‐rs6809699) were genotyped using Sanger sequencing.

Results

The allele frequencies were 74.56% (C) and 25.44% (T) for P2RY12 C34T, and 88.30% (G) and 11.70% (T) for P2RY12 G52T. Platelet aggregation progressively increased across the GG, GT, and TT genotypes of P2RY12 G52T (p = 0.03), with patients carrying the TT genotype exhibiting significantly higher platelet aggregation compared to other genotypes (p = 0.01). Among non‐genetic factors, proton pump inhibitor (PPI) intake was associated with a significant increase in platelet aggregation (p = 0.03). The prevalence of clopidogrel resistance (CR) was 43.86%. Multivariate logistic regression analysis identified the T allele of P2RY12 C34T, reduced estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), and PPI intake as significant risk factors for CR (OR = 2.24, 2.49, 4.01; p = 0.02, 0.049, 0.01, respectively).

Conclusions

The T allele of P2RY12 C34T was associated with an increased risk of CR. Among non‐genetic factors, PPI intake significantly elevated platelet aggregation and, along with reduced eGFR, contributed to a higher risk of CR.
Integration of CO2 capture and microalgae cultivation: demonstration assessment of outdoor Scenedesmus acutus cultivation using gaseous ammonia as a nitrogen source
Authors: Vorisek Fritz E. , Ji Yaying , Thompson Jesse , Liu Kunlei , Crocker Mark
Published: February 2025

Background

Towards the goal of integrating CO2 capture using aqueous ammonia with its utilization for algae cultivation, Scenedesmus acutus (UTEX B72) was grown in 1100 L open raceway ponds using CO2 and NH3 supplied from gas cylinders. CO2/NH3 mole ratios of 7 and 10 were employed, the gas mixture acting as a surrogate for the output from a CO2 scrubbing system using aqueous ammonia.

Results

Compared to Scenedesmus acutus grown in open ponds using gaseous CO2 and NaNO3 as the N‐source, the ponds supplied with gaseous CO2 and NH3 displayed higher productivity at both CO2/NH3 ratios, with the higher ratio providing the best growth. Depending on the culturing conditions and CO2/NH3 ratio, CO2 utilization ranged up to 15.8% and NH3 utilization to 23.0%. These rather low values reflect the fact the high CO2/NH3 feed rate used, resulting in a substantial release of NH3 from the ORPs (~45%).

Conclusions

These findings demonstrate the suitability of gaseous NH3 as a N‐source for microalgae cultivation, while highlighting the need for a control strategy that closely balances the CO2/NH3 supply with the algae growth rate. The produced algae biomass possessed a high protein and low ash content, rendering it particularly suitable for use as a bioplastic feedstock. © 2025 Society of Chemical Industry (SCI).
Ultrasound Characteristics of Carpal Tunnel Syndrome in the Spanish Population
Authors: García‐Bermejo Paula , Segura‐León Jesús , Medina‐i‐Mirapeix Francesc , Valera‐Garrido Fermín
Published: February 2025

Objectives

The aim of this study was to determine the cross‐sectional area (CSA) (cm2) of the median nerve and its relationship with patient age and sex, together with the frequency of other qualitative ultrasound patterns in patients with carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) in the Spanish population.

Methodology

An observational, cross‐sectional, prospective, descriptive study was conducted among 79 patients diagnosed with CTS. The CSA of the median nerve was measured at the carpal tunnel inlet (CTI) and outlet (CTO) by ultrasound examination. In addition, qualitative variables such as hyperechoic enhancement, thickening, and loss of ultrasound pattern of the median nerve were measured. The images were analyzed using Image J software.

Results

The sample comprised 73.4% women and 26.6% men. In 68.4% of the cases, the dominant hand was involved. Professional cleaners and domestic staff were the most affected (22.8%). The CSA of the median nerve in patients with CTS was 0.16 cm2 (95% CI 0.15–0.18) at the CTI and 0.17 cm2 (95% CI 0.16–0.18) at CTO. At the CTI and CTO, the CSA showed significant differences in men under 50 years. As for the qualitative variables at the CTI and CTO, the most notable finding was the alteration in the ultrasound pattern, which was present in 87.3% and 91.1% of subjects, respectively.

Conclusion

The median nerve CSA has a homogeneous value at the CTI and CTO in the Spanish population with CTS. These values show differences in terms of patient age and sex. The alteration in the ultrasound pattern of the nerve and the presence of hyperechoic reinforcement are the most frequent qualitative findings.
Immobilization of Nickel Oxide Nanoparticles on Cotton Fiber Under Gamma Radiation and Its Catalytic Activity
Authors: Eisa Wael H. , Zeid A. M. Abou , Ghazy O. A. , Waly S. A. , Saleh H. H. , Ali Z. I.
Published: February 2025

Nickel ions were reduced on the surface of cotton fibers under the effect of gamma radiation. The NiO nanoparticles grew as semispherical aggregates along the cotton fibers with average crystallite size of 32 nm as calculated from the x‐ray diffraction results. The FTIR data showed the presence of a new IR peak at 613 cm−1 (assigned to the NiO stretching vibration) confirming the successful loading of NiO nanoparticles into cotton matrix. The NiO nanoparticles were adhered to the surface of cotton fibers through the complexation with hydroxyl and carbonyl groups. The NiO@cotton nanocomposite showed high performance in the catalytic degradation of both 4‐nitrophenol and bromophenol blue. The rate constant of the catalytic degradation of 4‐nitrophenol was 8.24 × 10−3 s−1 at pH = 10. The resultant heterogeneous catalyst is green, cheap, separable/recyclable, and has considerable catalytic activity.
Comparing perioperative outcomes after transmetatarsal amputation in patients with or without peripheral vascular disease
Authors: Plantz Mark A. , Bergman Rachel , Gerlach Erik , Mutawakkil Muhammad , Patel Milap , Kadakia Anish R.
Published: February 2025

Background

Transmetatarsal amputation (TMA) is a commonly performed procedure for gangrene in the setting of diabetes or peripheral vascular disease. The purpose of this study is to investigate the incidence of and risk factors for reoperation and perioperative complications after TMA in patients undergoing surgery for primarily infectious/diabetic wounds versus peripheral vascular disease.

Methods

Patients undergoing TMA between January 1, 2015 and December 31, 2020 were identified using the American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program database. The indication for surgery was reported using the International Classification of Disease 9/10 codes. Patients were categorized into two groups: patients undergoing surgery for primarily infectious/diabetic wounds versus peripheral vascular disease. The incidence of 30‐day mortality, readmission, reoperation, nonhome discharge, and various medical and surgical complications was reported. Outcome measures were compared between the diabetic and peripheral vascular disease groups. Logistic regression was used to identify independent risk factors for each outcome measure of interest.

Results

3392 patients were included in the final cohort. There was a 30‐day mortality rate of 2.9%, reoperation rate of 13.8%, readmission rate of 16.8%, surgical complication rate of 22.2%, and medical complication rate of 15.8%. Patients undergoing surgery for a vascular indication had a higher rate of mortality, reoperation, hospital readmission, nonhome discharge, and various medical complications (p < 0.05). Patients undergoing surgery for infectious/diabetic wounds had a higher rate of deep surgical site infection and systemic sepsis (p < 0.05). A vascular surgical indication was independently associated with reoperation and overall medical complications (p < 0.05). Various factors, including age, body mass index, medical comorbidities, and the presence of preoperative sepsis were associated with poor outcomes.

Conclusion

Significant rates of mortality, reoperation, and hospital readmission were reported after TMA. The presence of peripheral vascular disease was independently associated with reoperation and medical complications. Patients undergoing TMA, particularly for peripheral vascular disease, should be counseled about perioperative risks and indicated for surgery carefully.
Usefulness of Retinol‐Binding Protein in Predicting Mortality in Patients With Chronic Liver Disease
Authors: Utakata Yuki , Miwa Takao , Hanai Tatsunori , Aiba Masashi , Unome Shinji , Imai Kenji , Shirakami Yohei , Takai Koji , Shimizu Masahito
Published: February 2025

Background and Aim

Rapid turnover proteins (RTPs), including retinol‐binding protein (RBP), prealbumin, and transferrin, are useful in evaluating dynamic nutritional status. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between serum RTP levels and mortality in patients with chronic liver disease (CLD).

Methods

We evaluated 341 patients with CLD admitted between October 2011 and December 2021. Those with RBP levels below 2.7 mg/dL for males and 1.9 mg/dL for females were included in the low RBP group. Factors associated with mortality and low RBP were evaluated using the Cox proportional hazard regression and logistic regression models.

Results

The median age of the included patients was 67 years, and 48% were male. The median model for end‐stage liver disease (MELD) score was 8 points, and the median RBP, prealbumin, and transferrin levels were 1.5 mg/dL, 11 mg/dL, and 227 mg/dL, respectively. During a median observational period, 23% of the patients died. Multivariate analysis showed that the RBP level (hazard ratio, 0.62; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.46–0.81) was independently associated with mortality, while prealbumin and transferrin were not. Additional analysis revealed that male sex (odds ratio, 8.62; 95% CI, 2.56–29.00) and albumin level (odds ratio, 0.10; 95% CI, 0.04–0.26) were significantly associated with the low RBP levels in patients with CLD.

Conclusions

The serum RBP level is a dynamic biomarker associated with mortality in patients with CLD, independent of liver functional reserve, and it may be a useful indicator for nutritional intervention in these patients.
Early initiation of fast‐track care for persons living with HIV initiating dolutegravir‐based regimens during a period of severe civil unrest in Port‐au‐Prince, Haiti: a pilot randomized trial
Authors: Marc Jean Bernard , Pierre Samuel , Ducatel Othnia , Homeus Fabienne , Zion Abigail , Rivera Vanessa R. , Dorvil Nancy , Severe Patrice , Guiteau Colette , Rouzier Vanessa , Katz Ingrid T. , Duchatelier Carl Frederic , Forestal Guyrlaine Pierre Louis , Jean Josette , Bernadin Guirlaine , Dumont Emelyne Droit , Riche Rose Cardelle B. , Pape Jean William , Koenig Serena P.
Published: February 2025

Introduction

Differentiated service delivery (DSD) models have been widely implemented for patients in stable HIV care. However, DSD has rarely been offered to newly diagnosed patients. We assessed the effectiveness of early fast‐track care during a period of severe civil unrest in Port‐au‐Prince, Haiti.

Methods

We conducted a pilot randomized trial among adults presenting with early HIV disease to determine whether early fast‐track care (8−12 weeks after same‐day HIV testing and antiretroviral therapy [ART] initiation) was associated with superior outcomes compared with standard (deferred eligibility for fast‐track care). All participants received tenofovir/lamivudine/dolutegravir (TLD), and HIV‐1 RNA <200 copies/ml was required prior to initiating fast‐track care. The primary outcome was 48‐week HIV‐1 RNA <200 copies/ml, with intention‐to‐treat analysis.

Results

From December 2020 to August 2022, 245 participants were randomized to standard (n = 116) and early fast‐track (n = 129) groups. All initiated TLD on the day of HIV diagnosis. In the early fast‐track group, one (0.8%) died, 12 (9.3%) were internally displaced/emigrated, five (3.9%) were lost‐to‐follow‐up (LTFU), two (1.6%) had a gap in care/later return, one (0.8%) was transferred and 108 (83.7%) were retained; 88 (68.2%) received 48‐week viral load testing and 80 (90.9% of tested; 62.0% of randomized) had HIV‐1 RNA <200 copies/ml. In the standard group, two (1.7%) died, six (5.2%) were internally displaced/emigrated, three (2.6%) were LTFU, one (0.9%) had a gap in care/later return, one (0.9%) was transferred and 103 (88.8%) were retained; 78 (67.2%) received 48‐week viral load testing and 66 (84.6% of tested; 56.9% of randomized) had HIV‐1 RNA <200 copies/ml. By design, the sample size of this pilot study was too small to provide definitive evidence of treatment effect, but the primary outcome was numerically higher in the early fast‐track group (62.0% vs. 56.9%; RD: 0.051: 95% CI: −0.072, 0.174).

Conclusions

Early fast‐track care was associated with high levels of viral suppression among adults initiating same‐day TLD, despite severe civil unrest in Haiti. Completion of 48‐week viral load testing was suboptimal, due to the need for participants to leave Port‐au‐Prince during peak periods of gang‐related violence, and the lack of availability of viral load testing for those receiving non‐facility‐based ART.
Metabolites Released by Poaceae Roots Under Iron‐Deficient Conditions
Authors: Saavedra Teresa , Pestana Maribela , Silva José Paulo Da , Correia Pedro José
Published: February 2025

Background

Strategy‐II, as a response mechanism, is limited to grasses under Fe deficiency and is based on the secretion of phytosiderophores (PS) into the rhizosphere, in conjunction with the induction of a high‐affinity system for Fe(III)‐PS uptake. This strategy has a significant ecological impact and is essential for sustainable agriculture.

Aims

In this work, we studied the physiological and metabolic responses of Poa pratensis L., Lolium perenne L., and Festuca rubra L. when grown in nutrient solution under Fe deficiency.

Methods

After chlorosis appeared, we analyzed leaf pigment concentrations, biomass, and ferric chelate reductase (FCR) activity of root tips. We also screened the metabolites released by root exudates using liquid chromatography coupled to high‐resolution mass spectrometry (LC–HRMS).

Results

Plants grown with low or no Fe availability had significantly lower fresh weight (FW) and leaf chlorophyll (Chl) but higher FCR activity as compared to control plants. The root exudates contain carboxylic acids, phenolic acids, polyphenols, and peptides, among others. An increase in carboxylic acid content was correlated with Fe chlorosis in all species studied. However, the specific compounds that were upregulated varied depending on the species. Root exudates contained several upregulated metabolites that were identified as small peptides and/or peptide derivates based on their spectral data and formulas that are compatible with small peptides and/or peptide derivatives.

Conclusions

These results, together with the metal binding/chelation properties of many peptides, highlight the release of these compounds and/or their derivatives as a response of grasses to increase the Fe bioavailability.
Technology‐Enabled Sustainability: Behavior‐Based Carbon Footprint Levy in Hotels
Authors: Glyptou Kyriaki
Published: February 2025

The paper explores the predisposition of domestic and international urban tourists of Athens, Greece, to pay an app‐calculated green levy based on the carbon footprint (CF) of their hotel stay. The study employs fuzzy‐set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA) to explore the complex configurations between the effects of the sustainable hotel profile, disposable income for tourism, digital literacy, knowledge around CF, and environmental behavior during hotel stay on guests' willingness to pay for the technology‐calculated green levy appropriated to their individual behavior. fsQCA produced three sufficient pathways, namely, pragmatistic, environmental conscious, and opportunistic, as plausible customer profiles. Findings are compared against other dominant correlational modes of analysis to highlight the underlying complexity of tourist behavior and hence the need for the application for non‐parametric methods of analysis. The theoretical contribution of the paper lies in the integration of the concepts of digital literacy, environmental awareness, and behavior‐based levies. Technology‐enabled and self‐controlled tools can support transparent and appropriated green levies and promote ownership of carbon offsetting in the hospitality industry.
Imaging pharmacological and edible behavior of Sinomenii Caulis volatile organic compounds: chain model insight
Authors: Yao Yecen , Guo Ming , Wu Yanan , Chen Mengdie , Ni Kaijie , María De Los Angeles Mibuy Mba Mikue
Published: February 2025

BACKGROUND

As a traditional Chinese medicine, Sinomenii Caulis (SC) has not only attracted much attention for its medicinal value, but also its volatile organic compounds have shown potential application in the agriculture and food fields. This study combined chain modeling (fingerprinting, machine learning, network pharmacology, metabolic analysis, spectroscopic experiments, and physical simulations) with the aim of interdisciplinarity exploring the potential applications of SC, at the interface of agriculture and food, especially in the area of food additives and active ingredient pharmacology.

RESULTS

Palmitic acid (PA), linoleic acid (LA), and isomenthone (IM), which are closely related to depression, were shown to have good biocompatibility and stability, allowing them to cross the blood–brain barrier and exert their therapeutic effects on depression. Through metabolic analysis, these ingredients can be effectively metabolized in the human body, thus ensuring their safety in food. Through spectral analysis and physical simulation, it was verified that PA/LA/IM can interact with transporter proteins for in vivo transport.

CONCLUSION

The volatile organic compounds of SC can be used for the treatment of depression and as food additives, which can be fully transported in vivo to perform their roles, which is beneficial for the development of medicines and flavored foods. This study provides a feasible guide for the development of food products with pharmacological activities. © 2025 Society of Chemical Industry.
A novel method for online sex sorting of silkworm pupae (Bombyx mori) using computer vision combined with deep learning
Authors: Guo Feng , Qin Wei , Fu Xinglan , Tao Dan , Zhao Chunjiang , Li Guanglin
Published: February 2025

BACKGROUND

Silkworm pupae (SP), the pupal stage of an edible insect, have strong potential in the food, medicine, and cosmetic industries. Sex sorting is essential to enhance nutritional content and genetic traits in SP crossbreeding but it remains labor intensive and time consuming. An intelligent method is needed urgently to improve efficiency and productivity.

RESULTS

To address the problem, an automatic SP sex‐separation system was developed based on computer vision and deep learning. Specifically, based on gonad features, a novel real‐time SP sex identification model with cascaded spatial channel attention (CSCA) and G‐GhostNet (GPU‐Ghost Network) was developed, which can capture regions of interest and achieve feature diversity efficiently. A new loss function was proposed to reduce model complexity and avoid overfitting in the training. In comparison with benchmark methods on the test set, the new model achieved superior performance with an accuracy of 96.48%. The experimental sorting accuracy for SP reached 95.59%, validating the effectiveness of the novel gender‐separation strategy.

CONCLUSION

This research presents a practical method for online SP gender separation, potentially aiding the production of high‐quality SP. © 2025 Society of Chemical Industry.
Chronic wasting disease prions on deer feeders and wildlife visitation to deer feeding areas
Authors: Huang Miranda H. J. , Demarais Steve , Schwabenlander Marc D. , Strickland Bronson K. , VerCauteren Kurt C. , McKinley William T. , Rowden Gage , Valencia Tibbitts Corina C. , Gresch Sarah C. , Lichtenberg Stuart S. , Wolf Tiffany M. , Larsen Peter A.
Published: February 2025

Eliminating supplemental feeding is a common regulatory action within chronic wasting disease (CWD) management zones. These regulations target the potential for increased animal‐animal contact and environmental contamination with CWD prions. Prions, the causative agent of CWD, have been detected on feeder surfaces in CWD‐positive, captive deer facilities but not among free‐ranging populations, and information on the relative risk of transmission at anthropogenic and natural food sources is limited. In this study, we established and maintained 13 gravity feeders from September 2022 to March 2023 in a CWD zone in northern Mississippi, USA (apparent prevalence ~30%). We set up feeders up in 3 ways: no exclusion (deer feeders, n = 7), exclusion of deer using fencing with holes cut at the ground‐level to permit smaller wildlife to enter (raccoon feeders, n = 3), and environmental control feeders, which were fully fenced and not filled with feed (control feeders, n = 3). We swabbed feeder spouts at setup and at 4 intervals approximately 6 weeks apart to test for prion contamination via real‐time quaking‐induced conversion (RT‐QuIC). We detected prions 12 weeks after setup on all deer and raccoon feeders. We compared relative transmission risk using camera traps at these feeders, 6 agronomic plantings for wildlife forage (i.e., food plots), and 7 oak mast trees. Weekly visitation rate by white‐tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus; hereafter: deer) differed (P = 0.02) among deer feeders (median = 24.5 deer/week, range = 15.6–65.7), food plots (median = 12.7, range = 3.8–24.7), and mast trees (median = 2.0, range = 0.4–5.1). Contact rates between individual deer also differed between site types (P < 0.01): deer feeders (median = 2.1 deer‐to‐deer contacts/week, range = 0–10.1), food plots (median = 0.1, range = 0–4.0), and mast trees (median = 0, range = 0–0.3). Raccoons also visited feeders at greater rates than food plots and mast trees (P < 0.04). Finally, we swabbed 19 feeders in 2 areas where CWD was newly detected, finding prion contamination on swabs from 4 feeders. We show that deer feeders in free‐ranging populations with high CWD prevalence become contaminated with CWD prions quickly, becoming a potential site of exposure of deer to CWD prions. Our results also demonstrate the ability to find evidence of prion contamination on deer feeders, even in areas where CWD is newly detected.
Access to Cochlear Implantation: Trends in Surgeon Volume and Training
Authors: Espahbodi Mana , Trautwein Patricia , Bestourous Daniel E. , Zwolan Teresa A. , Nassiri Ashley M. , Carlson Matthew L. , Erbele Isaac D. , Patel Neil S. , Gurgel Richard K.
Published: February 2025

Objectives

Evaluate the training background of surgeons performing high volumes of cochlear implants (CIs) and estimate the ratio of providers trained in otology/neurotology (O&N) to the number of traditional CI candidates and audiologists.

Methods

A retrospective review of US surgeon registration data from a single CI manufacturer was performed to determine CI volume based on surgeon training. The prevalence of traditional candidates for CIs was estimated from US census population data and compared with the number of O&N providers. The ratio of audiologists to O&N providers was estimated from the Bureau of Labor and Statistics and American Speech‐Language‐Hearing Association databases.

Results

From 2021 to 2023, a mean of 88% of providers performing ≥25 CIs per year and 90% performing ≥40 per year had training in O&N. All surgeons registering ≥100 implants per year were O&N providers. The mean percentage of O&N providers performing ≥25 CIs per year and ≥ 40 per year was higher than the percentage of General and Pediatric Otolaryngology providers performing the same volume: mean difference = 76%, p < 0.001 and mean difference = 79%, p < 0.001, respectively. The mean estimated prevalence of traditional CI candidates per O&N provider is 3,354 with an estimated mean of 32 audiologists (3.5 trained in CIs) per O&N provider.

Conclusion

88% of high‐volume CI surgeons have fellowship training in O&N. To meet the current state of CI underutilization and anticipated growing population of CI candidates, we propose increasing the surgical capacity of O&N providers and the number of surgeons proficient in CIs.

Level of Evidence

NA Laryngoscope, 2025
Deep Learning Radiomics Based on MRI for Differentiating Benign and Malignant Parapharyngeal Space Tumors
Authors: Yan Helei , Liu Lei , Xie Mingzhe , Sun Mengtian , Yao Jiaxin , Guo Jin , Li Yizhen , Huang Xinyi , Huang Donghai , Wang Xingwei , Qiu Yuanzheng , Zhang Xin , Lu Shanhong , Liu Yong
Published: February 2025

Objective

The study aims to establish a pre‐academic diagnostic tool based on deep learning and conventional radiomics features to guide the clinical decision‐making of parapharyngeal space (PPS) tumors.

Methods

This retrospective study included 217 patients with PPS tumors, from two medical centers in China from March 1, 2011, to October 1, 2023. The study cohort was divided into a training set (n = 145) and a test set (n = 72). A deep learning (DL) model and conventional radiomics (Rad) model based on neck MRI were constructed to distinguish malignant tumors (MTs) and benign tumors (BTs) of PPS tumors. The deep learning radiomics (DLR) model which integrates deep learning and radiomics features was further developed. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC), specificity, and sensitivity were used to evaluate model performance. Decision curve analysis (DCA) was applied to assess the clinical utility.

Results

Compared with the Rad and DL models, the DLR model showed excellent performance in this study, with the highest AUC of 0.899 and 0.821 in the training set and test set, respectively. The DCA curve confirmed the clinical utility of the DLR model in distinguishing the pathological types of PPS tumors.

Conclusion

The DLR model demonstrated a high predictive ability in diagnosing MTs and BTs of PPS and could serve as a powerful tool to aid clinical decision‐making in the preoperative diagnosis of PPS tumors.

Level of Evidence

III Laryngoscope, 2025
Characteristics and Framework for Assessing Supply and Demand Relationship for Ecosystem Services Using a Trade‐off and Synergy Lens
Authors: He Jinxin , Zhou Yan , Pandey Rajiv , Stringer Lindsay C. , Cao Yingui , Bhatt Honey , Luo Rongliulian , Wang Shufei , Li Tong , Li Shengpeng
Published: February 2025

Ecosystem services (ESs) are a pivotal interface between ecological and societal systems. Comprehending the balance between what nature offers and society demands is indispensable for fostering human prosperity. This study seeks to fill the gaps in existing knowledge, including inconsistencies in terminology, limited exploration of driving mechanisms, and the lack of a comprehensive management strategy framework in ES supply and demand research. The article comprehensively reviews the conceptual connotations and assessment methods related to ES supply and demand. The paper delves into the specific traits of studies examining the interplay between supply and demand, focusing on relationship identification, driving mechanisms, threshold effects and management strategies. And the review articulates a theoretical framework to examine the interplay of ES supply and demand as well as emphasises directions for further research. The results show that: (1) a unified definition for ES supply and demand has yet to be agreed upon. The critical part played by humans in ES supply is often neglected, and there is a corresponding scarcity of demand evaluations for such services. (2) Previous research has identified trade‐offs and synergies, analysed underlying forces and threshold effects, and proposed management strategies for the dynamics between ES supply and demand based on quantitative assessment. (3) Prospectively, the beneficiaries need to be considered more. Additional research is required to explore in‐depth the underlying processes of multi‐scale ES supply and demand. Adaptive management provides opportunities for ecosystem management.
Unravelling Citation Rules: A Comparative Analysis of Referencing Instruction Patterns in Scopus‐Indexed Journals
Authors: Vizváry Pavla , Grigas Vincas
Published: February 2025

The article analyses the citation rules of 270 scholarly journals indexed in the Scopus database to describe editorial politics in Czech and Lithuanian journals as representatives of local publishing markets. The quantitative analysis identified standard practices in in‐text referencing, citation styles, using examples of references as guides for authors, and using DOI. We also statistically tested differences among journals according to countries, thematic focus, publishers, Open Access policies and publishing languages. Most (54.1%) journals did not name any citation style; this approach was the most common in life sciences and agricultural and natural sciences. The APA was the most commonly named citation style, mainly used by journals in the social sciences. The scientific field was the most vital determinant of citation rules—citation styles and in‐text referencing. 84.4% of journals used examples of references as a main specification of citation style. We also found some country specifics, such as using ISO 690 and footnotes in the Czech Republic, and strong support of APA and requesting DOI in Lithuania. We drew attention to the challenges and disadvantages of citation practices that complicate authors' work, submission of articles, errors in citation records and automated linking of documents via references.
Assessment of On‐Farm Saved Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) Seed Quality in Central Ethiopia
Authors: Sori Abebe , Bishaw Zewdie , Fikre Asnake , Dejene Mashilla , Kaske Karta
Published: February 2025

Limited information exists on the impact of current seed storage methods on seed quality in Central Ethiopia. The study aimed to assess the extent of the decline in seed quality of on‐farm stored chickpeas. Two hundred two farmers were identified using a multistage and purposive technique, and seed samples were collected from five districts. Two rounds of on‐farm seed samples were collected at early storage in March and at planting time in September 2022. Seed quality tests, including physical purity, physiological quality, and seed health were conducted using standard laboratory techniques for the seed samples. In Round 1, the results showed that mean physical purity, seed moisture (SM, %), and seed germination (SG, %) were 94.9%, 10.7%, and 83.8%, respectively. Moreover, about 95.5% and 81.8% of the seed samples satisfied the certified seed class D standards for SM and SG, respectively. However, for Round 2, the samples met the certified seed class D standard for SM and standard SG dropped to 36.9% and 63.1%, respectively. In Round 1, seed infection varied between 12% and 80%, whereas in Round 2, seed infection varied between 25% and 100%. During both rounds of seed sampling, no seed sample fulfilled the standard for certified seed class D specified for chickpea seed infection (%). Overall, seed quality was considerably lower during planting time compared to early storage. The study showed challenges in maintaining seed quality using current seed production, seed storage, and management practices indicating a need to improve seed production, processing, and handling practices to enhance farm‐level chickpea seed quality and productivity.