bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
DataPackageR: Reproducible data preprocessing, standardization and sharing using R/Bioconductor for collaborative data analysis
Authors: Finak Greg , Mayer Bryan , Fulp William , Obrecht Paul , Sato Alicia , Chung Eva , Holman Drienna , Gottardo Raphael
Published: June 2018

A central tenet of reproducible research is that scientific results are published along with the underlying data and software code necessary to reproduce and verify the findings. A host of tools and software have been released that facilitate such work-flows and scientific journals have increasingly demanded that code and primary data be made available with publications. There has been little practical advice on implementing reproducible research work-flows for large ’omics’ or systems biology data sets used by teams of analysts working in collaboration. In such instances it is important to ensure all analysts use the same version of a data set for their analyses. Yet, instantiating relational databases and standard operating procedures can be unwieldy, with high "startup" costs and poor adherence to procedures when they deviate substantially from an analyst’s usual work-flow. Ideally a reproducible research work-flow should fit naturally into an individual’s existing work-flow, with minimal disruption. Here, we provide an overview of how we have leveraged popular open source tools, including Bioconductor, Rmarkdown, git version control, R, and specifically R’s package system combined with a new tool DataPackageR, to implement a lightweight reproducible research work-flow for preprocessing large data sets, suitable for sharing among small-to-medium sized teams of computational scientists. Our primary contribution is the DataPackageR tool, which decouples time-consuming data processing from data analysis while leaving a traceable record of how raw data is processed into analysis-ready data sets. The software ensures packaged data objects are properly documented and performs checksum verification of these along with basic package version management, and importantly, leaves a record of data processing code in the form of package vignettes. Our group has implemented this work-flow to manage, analyze and report on pre-clinical immunological trial data from multi-center, multi-assay studies for the past three years.
Investigations of material micro-hardness changes in depth of prismatic sample at vibro-wave loading
Authors: Бабичев Анатолий , Babichev Anatoly , Вобу Амбагеу , Vobu Ambageu , Бирюков Д. , Biryukov D. , Григоренко А. , Grigorenko A. , Ширин А. , Shirin A.
Published: June 2018

The investigation results of vibro-wave loading impact upon material state measurements of the prismatic sample at different distances are presented. The results obtained confirm a vibro-wave loading impact upon material state changes of a solid sample.
Functionally-directed technologies at electro-erosion processing
Authors: Съянов Сергей , Siyanov Sergey , Папикян Алина , Papikyan Alina
Published: June 2018

An electro-erosion processing (EEP) is one of the efficient and economically advantageous methods of material machining in mechanical engineering. The EEP has a number of considerable advantages widening a field of practical use of this machining method at manufacturing different products of mechanical engineering. Currently used technologies of product electro-erosion processing ensure essential operational characteristics for limited working conditions only. The solution of this matter is possible on the basis for product manufacturing by electro-erosion methods of functionally-directed technology application. With the aid of this methodology still at the stage of engineering procedure design it is possible to ensure the specified operational characteristics depending on electro-erosion processing modes.
Design prediction of processing conditions impact upon machine performance properties
Authors: Безъязычный Вячеслав , Bezyazychnyy Vyacheslav
Published: June 2018

The paper reports theoretical dependences defining a correlation of technological processing conditions (cutting modes, tool tip geometry, properties of worked and tool materials), quality parameters of a surface layer (surface roughness, degree and depth of cold work, residual stresses) and performance properties of machinery (fatigue resistance, wear-resistance, contact rigidity, press-fit connection strength) which can be used in a team-work of a designer and a technologist at simultaneous technological pre-production.
Efficiency increase in profile deep grinding of turbine blade on NC multi-axes machines
Authors: Макаров Владимир , Makarov Vladimir , Никитин Сергей , Nikitin Sergey
Published: June 2018

The paper reports the procedure of a cutting mode purpose at deep profile grinding on NC multi-axes machines on the basis of the modeling of thermo-dynamic processes in cutting areas with the purpose of ensuring turbine blade fatigue resistance. There are shown simulators allowing the definition and prediction of the dynamics of elastic, thermal and working processes in a technological system, material removal, cutting force, temperatures in the area of cutting and roughness of each elementary area of the surface profile on the basis of cutting modes, disk characteristics.
Technological increase of machinery operation properties
Authors: Киричек Андрей , Kirichek Andrey , Федонин Олег , Fedonin Oleg , Петрешин Дмитрий , Petreshin Dmitriy
Published: June 2018

Manufacturing technology impact upon quality parameters of a surface layer and ensuring machinery operation properties is considered. An impact upon operation properties not only of modes, but also a technological method of machining, even at ensuring similar parameters of the surface layer quality is emphasized. The impact of a surface strengthening depth and a structure of a supporting layer upon hard-loaded product operation is estimated. A multi-layer organization of surface layers and sublayers, the formation of heterogeneous structures, thin surface layer nano-structuring are recommended. There are shown advantages of surface deformation strengthening including the use of a deformation wave in combination with the further chemical-thermal treatment of material. The prospects of wave deformation strengthening use in additive technologies of the direct layer-by-layer synthesis of parts in science intensive products are revealed.
Correlation and Structural Analysis for Determining the Connection of Universal State Exam (USE) Results with the Ratings of First-Year Students
Authors: Габдрахманова Р. , Gabdrahmanova R. , Гарнаева Г. , Garnaeva G. , Нефедьев Л. , Nefed'ev L. , Гайнуллин Ф. , Gaynullin F.
Published: June 2018

One of the problems that is of interest to researchers is the adaptation of fi rst-year students. One of the indicators of their successful adaptation, many researchers believe performance. With the help of correlation and structural analysis, the interrelation between the results of fi nal examinations in the general education school and the results of training in the fi rst half of the year during the adaptation of fi rst-year students of the Institute of Physics of the Kazan (Volga) Federal University (KFU) was investigated. At the fi rst stage of the pedagogical analysis, we came to the conclusion that between the results of the fi nal examinations in the general education school and the results of training in the fi rst half of the year, during the adaptation of the fi rst-year students of the Institute of Physics, a slight diff erence was revealed, which demonstrates their interdependence. The article also presents an algorithm for working with a correlation matrix. The materials of the article can be used by high school teachers, curators of student groups, as well as by researchers in organizing and conducting an experiment on their problem in the higher school educational organization.
The Quality of General Education of the Kemerovo region in the Estimates of the Population
Authors: Красношлыкова Ольга , Krasnoshlykova Olga , Васильева Т. , Vasil'eva T. , Курносова Е. , Kurnosova E.
Published: June 2018

One of the main objectives of the Russian educational policy is to achieve a new quality of education. In addition, the importance of including the public in the evaluation of the education system, presenting greater opportunities for initiative and activity of direct participants in educational relations is updated. One of the indicators of high-quality General education is the satisfaction of students and parents, which can also be seen as the eff ect of modernization processes taking place in the regional education system. Satisfaction with the quality of General education in the region is determined through the study of the opinions of respondents in the framework of the annual monitoring study, during which students in grades 10, 11 and their parents express an opinion on the quality of the implementation of certain areas of activity of educational institutions. Also, these studies provide an opportunity to get an idea of the requests of participants in educational relations. The article presents the results of the study for the period from 2013/14 to 2017/18 academic year, the directions of improving the activities of educational institutions.
Eating habits in judokas
Authors: Juříková Jana , Nguyen Hung Duc
Published: June 2018

Purpose The aim of the paper was to find out eating habits of judokas from judo club in Holešov and students of programme Special Education of Security Bodies who practise combative sports including judo in University Campus in Brno-Bohunice. in the Czech Republic.Design/methodology/approach: The questionnaire survey was attended by 66 judokas in total, out of which there were 34 male (52%) and 32 female (48%) respondents. Women aged 20-25 years (average age in female group was 19.34), men also aged 20-25 years (average age in male group was 22.24). The questionnaire was anonymous.Research and practical limitations/implications: Majority of female respondents were students with non-sportive specialization, in men it is about a half (41% of respondents). Majority of respondents were practiced judo as a self - defense technique – this answer was given by 55.9% of men and 59.4% of women. 26.5% of men and 21.9% of women always pay attention to well-balanced diet. The highest number of respondents claims that they always respect specific need for energy income – 61.8% of men and 84.4 % of women. Merely 14.7% of men and 9.4% of women admitted that they do not consider specific energy income for sportspeople, and 61.8 % of men and 84.4% of women reported that they consider it sometimes. Respondents who use nutritional supplements mostly prefer carbohydrate-protein conjugates – this option was selected by 70.6% of men and 75% of women. Most respondents do not use supplements with vitamins and minerals – this answer was given by 64.7% of men and 75% of women.Originality/value: Most of respondents are interested in their nutrition. Many of them need some education from sports nutritionists.
Storytelling - sponsorship communication in sport
Authors: Kończak Jarosław
Published: June 2018

Storytelling is in the broadly understood communication, including sponsorship, the art of telling stories that engage customers while distinguishing the brand in a competitive market. It is a tool that does not directly promote products, brands or companies, but promotes ideas, values based on emotions. The last ones are not lacking in sport. And it is on emotions that sponsorship communication is largely based, which eagerly uses the story as part of building the brand's image.
Operative game monitoring as a fundamental for a football players efficiency evaluation
Authors: Panfil Ryszard , Mazur Leszek
Published: June 2018

Operative monitoring of the game means objective and regular, based on the rules, observation of the game. The groundwork of the observation makes the basis of the evaluation players’ actions. According to the existing threats which come from the regular, commonly used analysis and evaluation of actions on team games, the authors want to present the innovative tool which allows monitoring and evaluation of actions and therefore raises the level of effectiveness of the teams. The use of this innovative tool is presented on the two examples of the teams: one from the best polish league (“Ekstraklasa”) and one from 5th polish division team. The applied method fulfills its aims, allows the individual evaluation of the players and also actives players to do as much as they could to raise up the score of the whole game. This method determines the authors to prepare another method for individual reward of the players.
Fluid Teams and Knowledge Retrieval: Scaling Service Operations
Authors: Valentine Melissa A. , Tan Tom Fangyun , Staats Bradley R. , Edmondson Amy C.
Published: June 2018

To scale service operations requires retrieving knowledge across the organization. However, prior work highlights that individuals on the periphery of organizational knowledge networks may struggle to access useful knowledge at work. A knowledge repository has the potential to help peripheral individuals gain access to valuable knowledge because it is universally available and can be used without social interaction. However, for it to successfully serve this equalizing function, those on the periphery of the organizational knowledge networks must actually use it, possibly overcoming barriers to doing so. In this paper, we develop a multilevel model of knowledge retrieval in teams to explore how individuals on the periphery of knowledge networks—because of their inexperience, location, lack of social capital, gender, or role—access knowledge from such a knowledge repository. Unexpectedly, we find that individuals whose experience and position already provide access to vital knowledge use a knowledge repository more frequently than individuals on the organizational periphery. We argue that this occurs because the knowledge repository—despite its appearance of equivalent accessibility—is actually more accessible to central than to peripheral players. Thus, knowledge retrieval is not driven primarily by the need to overcome limited access to other knowledge sources. Rather knowledge retrieval is facilitated when actors know how to reap value from the knowledge repository, which ironically improves with increasing access to other sources of knowledge. We conclude that a knowledge repository is unlikely to scale service operations without additional intervention.

This paper has been accepted for the Manufacturing & Service Operations Management Special Issue on Value Chain Innovations in Developing Economies.
Improving outcomes in gastrointestinal bleeding
Authors: Chapman Warren
Published: June 2018

Lead Nurse Endoscopist at Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Birmingham, introduces an upcoming training day especially for nurses
The palliative chemotherapy decision and experiences of South African patients and their families
Authors: Potgieter Theola , Maree Johanna E
Published: June 2018

Aims:

To describe what motivates cancer patients, treated at a private cancer care centre in Port Elizabeth, South Africa, to undergo palliative chemotherapy and how the patients and their families experienced this treatment.

Methods:

A descriptive qualitative design was used. Researchers conducted 22 in-depth interviews with 11 purposively selected patients and 11 family members nominated by the patients. Qualitative content analysis was used to analyse the data.

Findings:

The patient participants consisted of two males and nine females between the ages 40 and 79, who had been diagnosed with various cancers. The family members consisted of six husbands, two wives and three sons, with ages ranging from 20 to 79. Three themes arose from the patient data and three from the family data.

Conclusion:

Hope informed the palliative treatment decision. Despite being told that the chemotherapy would not cure them, patients hoped for additional time and even a cure. The families supported the patient's decision and shared their hopes. The family members were aware of the side effects their loved ones were experiencing, but still experienced the treatment as positive. Giving and receiving support was important and religion, the families and staff and fellow patients at the cancer care centre were identified as sources of support.
Achieving successful subcutaneous access in palliative patients
Authors: Gabriel Janice
Published: June 2018

Subcutaneous administration of medications is a well-recognised route for delivering prescribed therapies, in particular analgesia for patients requiring palliative care. Technological advancements in infusion devices and dressings can result in well-tolerated and effective methods for continuous infusions for this group of individuals. This article discusses how technological developments are resulting in subcutaneous access devices that are easy to insert and can meet the needs of a growing patient population, as well as complying with the latest guidelines on sharps safety. Combining these with staff education could result in improved patient care.
‘Nobody knows what's around the corner’: the challenges of caring for people with long-term conditions in care homes
Authors: Martin Susan , Martin Joy
Published: June 2018

People living with long-term conditions are increasingly being cared for in care homes. Prognostication in this population is particularly challenging, and outcomes are often uncertain. This case history highlights some of the difficulties encountered when clinicians give a time-bound prognosis. It also illustrates how education programmes with high facilitation and ongoing support for care home staff can sustain practice development and enable staff to become highly skilled in working with uncertainty. Practice development programmes such as those based on the Six Steps to Success Programme for care homes give care home staff a framework within which to regularly review a resident's clinical status and the confidence to have the ongoing conversations that empower residents to contribute to decision making and focus on their own goals for care.
Make a smart decision
Authors: McKeown Sal
Published: June 2018

Looking for an app that keeps your parents in the loop while being simple to use, inexpensive and with lots of exciting features? Sal McKeown discovers how Piota has exceeded this remit for one nursery school.
Ground patrol
Authors: Clarke Jenni
Published: June 2018

Taking risks is how young children develop strength, balance, co-ordination and body awareness. In part two of this series Jenni Clarke investigates how loose parts placed outdoors can build and challenge skills.
Virtually real
Authors: Hewson Claire
Published: June 2018

Claire Hewson suggests ways in which her chosen apps can deliver literacy learning when used alongside real learning experiences. It's all about careful planning to ensure each child benefits.
Inhibition of miR-126 protects chondrocytes from IL-1β induced inflammation via upregulation of Bcl-2
Authors: Yu C. D. , Miao W. H. , Zhang Y. Y. , Zou M. J. , Yan X. F.
Published: June 2018

Objectives

The aim of this study was to investigate the role of miR-126 in the development of osteoarthritis, as well as the potential molecular mechanisms involved, in order to provide a theoretical basis for osteoarthritis treatment and a novel perspective for clinical therapy.

Methods

Human chondrocyte cell line CHON-001 was administrated by different doses of interleukin (IL)-1β to simulate inflammation. Cell viability, migration, apoptosis, IL-6, IL-8, and tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α expression, as well as expression of apoptosis-related factors, were measured to assess inflammation. miR-126 expression was measured by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). Cells were then transfected with miR-126 inhibitor to assess the effect of miR-126 on IL-1β-injured CHON-001 cells. Expression of B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) and the activity of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) / Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) signaling pathway were measured by Western blot to explore the underlying mechanism through which miR-126 affects IL-1β-induced inflammation.

Results

After IL-1β administration, cell viability and migration were suppressed while apoptosis was enhanced. Expression of IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-α were all increased, and miR-126 was upregulated. In IL-1β-administrated CHON-001 cells, miR-126 inhibitor suppressed the effect of IL-1β on cell viability, migration, apoptosis, and inflammatory response. Bcl-2 expression was negatively regulated with miR-126 in IL-1β-administrated cells, and thus affected expressions of phosphorylated MAPK and JNK.

Conclusion

IL-1β-induced inflammatory markers and miR-126 was upregulated. Inhibition of miR-126 decreased IL-1β-induced inflammation and cell apoptosis, and upregulated Bcl-2 expression via inactivating the MAKP/JNK signalling pathway. Cite this article: C. D. Yu, W. H. Miao, Y. Y. Zhang, M. J. Zou, X. F. Yan. Inhibition of miR-126 protects chondrocytes from IL-1β induced inflammation via upregulation of Bcl-2. Bone Joint Res 2018;7:414–421. DOI: 10.1302/2046-3758.76.BJR-2017-0138.R1.
Sociedad carioca en los años cincuenta: la mirada de Nelson Rodrigues
Authors: Del Barco Pablo
Published: June 2018

Rodrigues, N. (2015). No tengo la culpa de que la vida sea como es (P. del Barco, Trad.). Bracelona: Días Contados.El autor revisa la obra de Nelson Rodrigues, Não tenho culpa que a vida seja como ela é, un compendio de 41 cuentos en clave de crónica policial sobre la realidad cotidiana del Río de Janeiro de mediados del siglo XX, que él mismo ha traducido para su nueva edición en español: No tengo la culpa de que la vida sea como es.
La emigración como es y como se recuerda
Authors: Zamorano Blanco Victor D.
Published: June 2018

Gambi Giménez, E. (2012). La emigración castellano-leonesa a Brasil, 1946-1962. Salamanca: Ediciones Universidad de Salamanca. 196 páginas. ISBN: 978-84-9012-122-1. Se analiza el trabajo de Esther Gambi La emigración castellano-leonesa a Brasil, 1946-1962, en el que se estudian las causas y características de la emigración de los naturales de esta comunidad autónoma y los avatares vividos en sus destinos migratorios brasileños, especialmente São Paulo, partiendo de la investigación histórica y los testimonios orales de los protagonistas.
Effect of beverages with different alcoholic concentration on composite resins
Authors: La-Gatta Laís Andrade , Resende Alexandre Marques de , Resende Luís Felipe Marques de , Pazinatto Rafael Barroso , Souza Igor do Carmo de , Carmo Antônio Márcio Resende do
Published: June 2018

Objective: To evaluate if alcoholic beverages can cause color change in composite resins, if the alcoholic concentration influences this variation besides analyzing within the composite resins tested, which would present greater color stability when subjected to the experiment. Material and Methods: 90 specimens of three different composite resins (IPS Empress Direct, Grandio®So and Filtek Z350 XT) were immersed in distilled water (control group), red wine and vodka. The samples were 2 mm thick and 8 mm in diameter, photopolymerized for 20 s on each side, polished with sandpaper, silicon carbide tip and felt disc with prophylactic paste and immersed in distilled water at 37 °C for 24 h prior to subgrouping. For the evaluation of the color variation, the formula prioritized by the CIEL *a *b* system was used. Data were analyzed by ANOVA and Tukey’s test at 95% significance. Results: The lowest variations occurred with the Grandio®So resin when exposed to wine, and Filtek Z350 XT when exposed to vodka. There was a statistically significant difference between the groups in water (p < 0.01) and in red wine (p < 0.01), but not in vodka (p > 0.05). The soaking medium that most caused staining was red wine. Conclusion: Red wine was the drink that generated the highest staining in all the resins tested, vodka did not change color stability significantly, the alcoholic concentrations tested did not directly influence the color change and the composite resin Grandio®So presented greater color stability when exposed to red wine. KeywordsAlcoholic beverage; Color; Composite resin. KEY WORDS: Alcoholic beverage, color, composite resin.
Lingual mandibular bone defect: imaging features in panoramic radiograph, multislice computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging
Authors: Hisatomi Miki , Munhoz Luciana , Asaumi Junichi , Arita Emiko Saito
Published: June 2018

Stafne bone defect or mandibular bone depression is defined as a bone developmental defect usually filled with soft or salivary gland tissue. Lingual posterior variant incidence is less than 0.5%. We reported a case of an 80 years old Asian female asymptomatic patient who underwent routine panoramic radiographic examination and a radiolucent area in mandible was noticed as an incidental finding, with an initial provisional diagnosis of traumatic bone cyst, aneurysmal bone cyst and lingual mandibular bone defect. The patient was then referred to multislice computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging. Computed tomography showed a hypodense area with discontinuity in mandible base. Magnetic resonance imaging demonstrated a hyperintense image eroding mandibular body in contact with submandibular gland, which corresponded to fatty tissue and due to these imaging findings, the final diagnosis was lingual mandibular bone defect.  Although the defect is a benign lesion and interventional treatment is not necessary, radiolucencies in mandible should be detailed investigated, due to their radiographic features that can resemble to other intrabony lesions. Imaging examinations can provide great defect details, especially magnetic resonance imaging, which can allow the identification of glandular tissue continuity to the mandibular defect.KeywordsBone cysts; Salivary glands; Magnetic resonance imaging; Computed tomography; Panoramic radiography.
Changes in dental esthetic perceptions of patients subjected to in-office tooth bleaching
Authors: Soares Karla Danielly , Nascimento-Júnior Edmundo Marques , Peixoto Aline Carvalho , Faria e Silva Andre Luis
Published: June 2018

Objective: This study evaluated changes in the esthetic perceptions of patients subjected to in-office tooth bleaching. Material and Methods: Fifty participants included in a clinical trial evaluating the in-office tooth bleaching answered two questionnaires about their dental esthetic perceptions. The participants answered the Orofacial Esthetic Scale (OES) questionnaire and the Psychosocial Impact of Dental Aesthetics Questionnaire (PIDAQ) before and after treatment. The average scores observed at baseline were compared with those recorded after tooth bleaching using the paired t-test or the Wilcoxon signed rank test (? = 0.05). Results: Improvement in tooth color (reduction of 5.1 shade guide units) had a positive impact on patients’ perceptions. According to PIDAQ, tooth bleaching significantly increased the psychological impact and dental self-confidence; and reduced esthetic concerns. The OES demonstrated improvements in participants’ satisfaction for all questions, except for the one on “facial appearance”. However, higher effect size was observed for the question related to tooth color, as expected. Conclusion: Tooth bleaching was associated with an overall improvement in dental esthetic perception, even when only tooth color was affected.KeywordsPatient-reported outcomes; Randomized Controlled Clinical Trials; Tooth Bleaching.
Bone mineral density and mandibular osteoporotic alterations in type 2 diabetes
Authors: Munhoz Luciana , Choi Isabela Goulart Gil , Junior Reinaldo Abdala , Abdala Rogério , Arita Emiko Saito
Published: June 2018

Objective: To assess the influence of type 2 diabetes on bone mineral density in a group of type 2 diabetic patients, in comparison with non-diabetic patients. Additionally, to evaluate the correlation between mandibular cortical index and bone mineral density. Material and Methods: 48 patients (24 diabetics and 24 non-diabetics) referred for femur and spine densitometry and panoramic radiograph examination were included in this study. Patients were diagnosed based on densitometric results of the total femur and total spine. All panoramic radiomorphometric measurements were performed by 3 observers. Differences in T and Z-scores between both groups were evaluated with Mann-Whitney test and non-parametric correlations between mandibular cortical index and T/Z-scores were carried out with Spearman’s test. Results: Median T and Z-scores for total femur and total spine presented no statistical significant difference between diabetic and non-diabetic patients. In addition, only diabetics total femur and non-diabetics total spine T-scores were significantly correlated with mandibular cortical index. Conclusion: The present results suggest that type 2 diabetic patients have similar Z and T-scores in femur and spine when compared to non-diabetic patients. Mandibular cortical index, assessed on panoramic radiographs is inversely correlated with femur densitometry results in diabetics and spine bone mineral density in non-diabetic patients. KeywordsBone Mineral Density; Dual X-Ray Absorptiometry; Panoramic radiography; Osteoporosis; Type 2 Diabetes.
Incidencia del trabajo infantil en el logro académico de alumnos de sexto grado: Hallazgos del TERCE
Authors: Post David
Published: June 2018

El trabajo infantil puede incidir negativamente en el aprendizaje de los niños y también en su futuro si este reduce la posibilidad de adquirir habilidades académicas. Sin embargo, el trabajo fuera de la escuela puede proporcionar un camino alternativo a la socialización adulta y al bienestar material cuando los sistemas escolares no cubren las necesidades de los niños. En América Latina el desarrollo de habilidades relacionadas con el trabajo no es solo una cuestión académica, sino también un punto crucial que se refleja directamente en la política. Esto se debe a que muchos niños y jóvenes no solo dedican su tiempo a la educación, sino también al trabajo. Este artículo se propone aportar al debate sobre la incidencia neta del trabajo infantil en los logros de aprendizaje de niños de sexto grado que estudian y trabajan. Esto, a partir de un análisis de los datos de la encuesta TERCE de estudiantes y familias en quince países latinoamericanos. El análisis muestra que no existe un nivel de trabajo, con o sin remuneración, que no se encuentre asociado con deficiencias de aprendizaje significativas en habilidades matemáticas y de lectura. Las evaluaciones de regresión estadística de Mínimos Cuadrados Ordinarios, muestran que los estudiantes del sexto grado que tienen trabajo después de la jornada escolar, experimentan un déficit en matemáticas y lectura. Para lograr obtener un control sobre la calidad de las escuelas se estimó un Modelo Lineal Jerárquico, donde se encontraron claros déficits de competencias en los alumnos que trabajan.
An intelligible deep convolution neural network based approach for classification of diabetic retinopathy
Authors: Sharma Sunil , Maheshwari Saumil , Shukla Anupam
Published: June 2018

Deep convolution neural networks (CNNs) have demonstrated their capabilities in modern-day medical image classification and analysis. The vital edge of deep CNN over other techniques is their ability to train without expert knowledge. Time bound detection is very beneficial for the early cure of disease. In this paper, a deep CNN architecture is proposed to classify nondiabetic retinopathy and diabetic retinopathy fundus eye images. Kaggle 2015 diabetic retinopathy competition dataset and messier experiment dataset are used in this study. The proposed deep CNN algorithm produces significant results with 93% area under the curve (AUC) for the Kaggle dataset and 91% AUC for the Messidor dataset. The sensitivity and specificity for the Kaggle dataset are 90.22% and 85.13%, respectively; the corresponding values of the Messidor dataset are 91.07% and 80.23%, respectively. The results outperformed many existing studies. The present architecture is a promising tool for diabetic retinopathy image classification.
On the stability of harmonic maps under the homogeneous Ricci flow
Authors: Prado Rafaela F. do , Grama Lino
Published: June 2018

In this work we study properties of stability and non-stability of harmonic maps under the homogeneous Ricci flow.We provide examples where the stability (non-stability) is preserved under the Ricci flow and an example where the Ricci flow does not preserve the stability of an harmonic map.
The generalized hypergeometric difference equation
Authors: Bohner Martin , Cuchta Tom
Published: June 2018

A difference equation analogue of the generalized hypergeometric differential equation is defined, its contiguous relations are developed, and its relation to numerous well-known classical special functions are demonstrated.
Use of discriminated nondimensionalization in the search of universal solutions for 2-D rectangular and cylindrical consolidation problems
Authors: García-Ros Gonzalo , Alhama Iván , Cánovas Manuel
Published: June 2018

The solution to the 2-D consolidation problem, both for rectangular and cylindrical domains, has been widely studied in the scientific literature, reporting the most precise solutions in the form of analytical expressions difficult to handle for the engineer due to the high number of parameters involved. In this paper, after introducing a precise definition of the characteristic time, both this magnitude and the average degree of consolidation are obtained in terms of the least number of dimensionless groups that rule the problem. To do this, the groups are firstly derived from the dimensionless governing equations deduced from the mathematical model, following a discriminated nondimensionalization procedure which provides new groups that cannot be obtained by classical nondimensionalization. By a large number of numerical simulations, the dependences of the characteristic time and the average degree of consolidation on the new dimensionless groups have allowed to represent these unknowns graphically in the form of universal curves. This allows these quantities to be read with the least mathematical effort. A case study is solved to demonstrate the reliability and accuracy of the results.
New models of L2 achievement based on EFL learners’ joint attention and their emotional, social, and cultural capitals
Authors: Piri Somaye , Pishghadam Reza , Rasekh Zohreh Eslami
Published: June 2018

This study aimed at investigating the influence of learners’ previously acquired capitals on their response to the teacher’s attempts to trigger their attention. For this purpose, 403 EFL learners completed three different questionnaires. The results of Structural Equation Modeling showed that emotional capital was a positive predictor of interpersonal, intrapersonal, visual, musical, and kinesthetic joint attention styles. Similarly, social capital was a positive predictor of interpersonal, verbal, visual, and musical styles, and cultural capital was a positive predictor of logical and verbal styles. Moreover, the proposed model of L2 achievement based on the capitals and joint attention styles showed good fit to the data. It appears that learners’ socio-cultural and emotional backgrounds influence their response to the teacher’s initiation of joint attention. And their L2 achievement is enhanced when the teacher uses different joint attention modalities. In the end, pedagogical implications and areas for further research were provided.
The German Model of Industrial Relations: (Where) Does It Still Exist?
Authors: Oberfichtner Michael , Schnabel Claus
Published: June 2018

Using data from the representative IAB Establishment Panel, this paper charts changes in the two main pillars of the German IR model over the last 20 years. It shows that collective bargaining coverage and worker representation via works councils have substantially fallen outside the public sector. Less formalized and weaker institutions such as voluntary orientation of uncovered firms towards sectoral agreements and alternative forms of employee representation at the work-place have partly attenuated the overall erosion in coverage. Multivariate analyses indicate that the traditional German IR model (with both collective agreements and works councils) is more likely found in larger and older plants, and it is less likely in plants managed by the owner, in single and foreign-owned plants, in individually-owned firms or partnerships, and in exporting plants. In contrast, more than 60 % of German plants did not exhibit bargaining coverage or orientation or any kind of worker representation in 2015. Such an absence of the main institutional features of the German IR model is mainly found in small and medium-sized plants, in particular in the service sector and in eastern Germany, and its extent is increasing dramatically.
Liberal Financial Markets in the Interest of Staatskredite – A Process-Tracing Study of the Link between Sovereign Debt Policy and the 1908 Bourse Law Reform in the German Empire
Authors: Trampusch Christine
Published: June 2018

This study of the reform of the German Bourse Law in 1908 argues that the “self-undermining negative policy feedback effects” of the initial Bourse Law of 1896 on the market for Imperial and state bonds explain why exchange regulation was liberalized although the dominant political forces, the Conservatives and the Clericals, were opposed to bourses and capital markets. Based on an original assessment of primary documents, the study uses the method of explaining-outcome process tracing to show that the initial Bourse Law caused losses to the Imperial government and the large banks; this induced both actors to remove the prohibition of speculation. Because the German Empire can be viewed as a kind of laboratory for (first) treatment effects on financial market regulation of the sovereign debt market, this study contains lessons for understanding the relationship between states and financial markets in general.
Bioactive potential of Indian stinging plants leaf extract against pathogenic fungi
Authors: Gupta Sanjay Mohan , Kumar Kamal , Dwivedi Sanjai Kumar , Bala Madhu
Published: June 2018

Background & methods

We investigated the in vitro antioxidant and antifungal activity by agar disc diffusion assay of leaf extract of some stinging plants namely, Urtica dioica L., Tragia involucrate L., Carduus nutans L. and Mucuna pruriens (L.) DC., against pathogenic fungi causing infections/diseases.

Results

M. pruriens (Disc 4), T. involucrate (Disc 2), U. dioica (Disc 1) showed significant antifungal activity against all tested pathogens, while C. nutans (Disc 3) showed intermediate activity against only Chaetomium globosum (Cg). The leaf extract of M. Pruriens showed maximum total phenol content (~1004 µg g−1 dry wt) followed by T. involucrate, C. nutans and U. dioica. However, the ascorbate was observed highest in T. involucrate (~10.3 µg g−1 dry wt) followed by M. pruriens (~9.2 µg g−1 dry wt) but the difference was not significant (p ≤ 0.05). Likewise, M. pruriens showed maximum anthocyanin content (~0.3 µg g−1 dry wt). The activity of antioxidant enzymes revealed that M. Pruriens showed maximum ascorbate peroxidase (APX) activity, while the highest guaiacol peroxidase (GPX) and catalase (CAT) activities were observed in C. nutans and U. dioica, respectively.

Conclusions

M. Pruriens showed potential in vitro antioxidant and antifungal activity against studied pathogens that may be used for ethno-pharmacological uses.
Ethnomedicinal, phytochemical and pharmacological profile of a mangrove plant Ceriops Decandra GriffDin Hou.
Authors: Mahmud Imran , Shahria Naznin , Yeasmin Sabina , Iqbal Asif , Mukul Emdadul Hasan , Gain Sudipta , Shilpi Jamil Ahmad , Islam Md. Khirul
Published: June 2018

Ceriops decandra is a mangrove tree species, reputed for its folkloric uses in the treatment of gastrointestinal disorders, infection, snakebites, inflammation, and cancer. Different parts of the plant are rich with various phytoconstituents which include diterpenoids (ceriopsin A-G), triterpenoids (lupeol, α-amyrin, oleanolic acid, ursolic acid), and phenolics (catechin, procyanidins).These phytoconstituents and their derivatives could form a new basis for developing new drugs against various diseases. The objective of the present study is to compile the phytochemical, ethnobotanical, biological, and pharmacological significance of the plant to provide directions for future research to find out therapeutically active lead compounds for developing new drugs against diseases of current interest including diabetes, inflammation, and cancer.
The Global Language of Human Rights: A Computational Linguistic Analysis
Authors: Law David S.
Published: June 2018

Human rights discourse has been likened to a global lingua franca, and in more ways than one, the analogy seems apt. Human rights discourse is a language that is used by all yet belongs uniquely to no particular place. It crosses not only the borders between nation-states, but also the divide between national law and international law: it appears in national constitutions and international treaties alike. But is it possible to conceive of human rights as a global language or lingua franca not just in a figurative or metaphorical sense, but in a literal or linguistic sense as a legal dialect defined by distinctive patterns of word choice and usage? Does there exist a global language of human rights that transcends not only national borders, but also the divide between domestic and international law?

Empirical analysis suggests that the answer is yes, but this global language comes in at least two variants or dialects. New techniques for performing automated content analysis enable us to analyze the bulk of all national constitutions over the last two centuries, together with the world’s leading regional and international human rights instruments, for patterns of linguistic similarity and to evaluate how much language, if any, they share in common. Specifically, we employ a technique known as topic modeling that disassembles texts into recurring verbal patterns.

The results highlight the existence of two species or dialects of rights talk—the universalist dialect and the positive-rights dialect—both of which are global in reach and rising in popularity. The universalist dialect is generic in content and draws heavily on the type of language found in international and regional human rights instruments. It appears in particularly large doses in the constitutions of transitional states, developing states, and states that have been heavily exposed to the influence of the international community.

The positive-rights dialect, by contrast, is characterized by its substantive emphasis on positive rights of a social or economic variety, and by its prevalence in lengthier constitutions and constitutions from outside the common law world, especially those of the Spanish-speaking world. Both dialects of rights talk are truly transnational, in the sense that they appear simultaneously in national, regional, and international legal instruments and transcend the distinction between domestic and international law. Their existence attests to the blurring of the boundary between constitutional law and international law.
Cerebrospinal fluid cutaneous fistula after neuraxial anesthesia: an effective treatment approach
Authors: Marinho Ramiro , Sousa Mara , Machado Filipa , Fonseca Sara , Guedes Luísa
Published: June 2018

Cerebrospinal fluid cutaneous fistula is a rare but potentially serious complication of epidural analgesia. We report the case of a patient submitted to total knee arthroplasty under subarachnoid block and placement of lumbar epidural catheter for post-operative analgesia. The epidural catheter was found exteriorised on the fourth post-operative day, and the patient presented with a moderate fluid leak from the puncture site that was confirmed to be cerebrospinal fluid by cytological and chemical analysis. The initial therapeutic approach consisted of bed rest, hydration and prophylactic antibiotic therapy for 3 days, but it was ineffective as the leak persisted. A suture was placed at the epidural insertion site with immediate resolution of the leak. The suture was maintained for 5 days. The patient progressed satisfactorily without requiring further therapies.
Die Grundkonzeption der CSR-Berichterstattung und ausgewählte Problemfelder
Authors: Hennrichs Joachim
Published: June 2018

Mit der CSR-Richtlinie (2014/95/EU), umgesetzt durch das CSR-RiLi-UG v. 11.4.2017, statuiert das Gesetz ergänzende Berichtspflichten über CSR-Belange. Neu ist das nicht. Namentlich bestehen Überschneidungen zur schon seit 2004 vorgeschriebenen Lageberichterstattung über nichtfinanzielle Leistungsindikatoren (§§ 289 Abs. 3, 315 Abs. 3 HGB). Viele Großunternehmen veröffentlichen außerdem bereits freiwillig umfangreiche Nachhaltigkeitsberichte. Die Notwendigkeit einer weiteren hoheitlichen Regulierung ist vor diesem Hintergrund nicht über jeden Zweifel erhaben. Das gesetzgeberische Ziel, die Vergleichbarkeit von CSR-Angaben zu verbessern, wird angesichts der Vielzahl von unbestimmten Rechtsbegriffen und der dadurch bewirkten begrenzten Justiziabilität ebenfalls kaum erreicht.
CSR-bezogene Vorstands- und Aufsichtsratspflichten und ihre Sanktionierung
Authors: Bachmann Gregor
Published: June 2018

Der Beitrag untersucht die Pflichten von Vorstand und Aufsichtsrat unter dem neuen CSR-Reporting-Regime. Sein Schwerpunkt liegt auf der Sanktionsfrage. Er kommt zu dem Schluss, dass die Neuregelung neue Berichtspflichten kreiert, die Verhaltenspflichten der Verwaltung aber nicht fundamental geändert hat. Die Sanktionen sind streng genug, um den Anforderungen des EU-Rechts zu genügen, ohne außergewöhnliche Risiken für die Verwaltung zu bergen. Ob sie treffsicher genug sind, um „Greenwashing“ zu vermeiden, muss die Zukunft zeigen.
Legitimationsfragen internationaler Rahmenwerke für die CSR-Berichterstattung: Inhalt, Regelgeber und Durchsetzungsmechanismen
Authors: Krajewski Markus
Published: June 2018

Die CSR-Richtlinie der EU und die entsprechenden Vorschriften der §§ 289 b ff HGB verlangen von bestimmten Unternehmen eine Berichterstattung über die Auswirkungen ihrer Tätigkeiten auf Umwelt-, Sozial- und Arbeitnehmerbelange sowie die Achtung der Menschenrechte und die Bekämpfung von Korruption und Bestechung. Hierzu können die Unternehmen auf internationale Rahmenwerke zurückgreifen, die unverbindliche Verhaltensstandards für Unternehmen formulieren. Diese Rahmenwerke unterscheiden sich bezüglich Inhalt, Regelgeber und Durchsetzungsmechanismen teils erheblich. Die damit verbundenen Legitimationsfragen werden daher auch für die jeweiligen Rahmenwerke unterschiedlich beantwortet werden müssen. Die Vielfalt der Rahmenwerke trägt kaum zu einer Vergleichbarkeit bei der Berichterstattung bei. Allerdings können sie als emergenter materieller Kern eines pluralistischen transnationalen Rechts unternehmerischer Verantwortung angesehen werden.
Corporate Social Responsibility in der Lieferkette: Governance und Verantwortlichkeiten
Authors: Rühmkorf Andreas
Published: June 2018

Dieser Beitrag analysiert den sich entwickelnden rechtlichen Rahmen für CSR in der Lieferkette. Der Aufsatz ist eingebettet in interdisziplinäre Literatur zur Governance von globalen Lieferketten. Der Beitrag diskutiert vier nationale Gesetze, die Auswirkungen auf die Lieferketten-Governance haben: Der UK Modern Slavery Act 2015, die nationale Umsetzung der CSR-Richtlinie in Deutschland 2017, das französische devoir de vigilance Gesetz 2017 und der UK Bribery Act 2010. Die möglichen Folgen dieser Gesetze auf die Lieferketten-Governance werden dargestellt. Der Beitrag argumentiert, dass sich momentan ein Trend zu hybriden Regelungsmechanismen in globalen Lieferketten abzeichnet, in dem nationales Recht eine wichtige Rolle spielt.