bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
2879 – Adaptation of a Disaster Mental Health Preparedness Training Model for Black Communities in the Southeastern United States
Authors: Laborde D.J. , Magruder K.
Published: July 2013

Providing timely and accessible mental health services in the immediate aftermath of disasters remains a major challenge in under-resourced minority communities. We postulated that in black communities, successful strategies would require training both clinical providers and community leaders to collaboratively plan for and deliver culturally responsive disaster mental health services. We aimed to: 1) adapt an evidence-based, disaster mental health training model for black community leaders and clinical providers in under-resourced areas at risk of natural disasters, and 2) evaluate a train-the-trainer (TTT) model for building culturally-appropriate local mental health response capacity. We developed a core curriculum package based on a training needs assessment and resource review and then culturally tailored audience-specific workshop materials after pilot testing in eastern North Carolina.

Pilot test participants included 13 community leaders and 10 clinical provider attending workshops facilitated by 3 mental health professionals. Evaluations indicated the workshop components were culturally relevant and post-test knowledge scores were generally higher among clinical providers. Process evaluation results have led to expanded content, a community planning session at 3 months, a refresher skills-building workshop at 6 months, training of trainers in facilitation skills, and tailoring of exercises to specific subpopulations. Field-testing with repeated outcome evaluation is underway in 8 culturally distinct coastal Carolina communities.

Local relevance is critical to training acceptability and recruitment requires significant input from local community stakeholders. Evaluation of collaborative community engagement efforts and outcome evaluation will allow us to determine if this model is scalable and effective for under-resourced black community settings.
2880 – Sensory-Motor Coordination and Procedural Memory in HIV- and HIV+ Opioid Addicts
Authors: Walecki P. , Lasoń W. , Gorzelańczyk E.J.
Published: July 2013

Introduction:

Various psychomotor dysfunctions are observed in opioid addicts and HIV- and HIV+ persons. Finding markers and methods for accurately determining the psychomotor functioning has practical importance in the diagnosis, monitoring and modification of treatment.

Objectives:

The aim of the study is to evaluate the sensory-motor coordination, procedural memory and motor learning in HIV- and HIV+ opioid addicts during methadone maintenance treatment.

Methods:

28 HIV- (19 men and 9 women) and 39 HIV+ (23 men and 16 women) addicts treated with opioid replacement therapy (ORT) were examined. The mean age of participants: 40.1 years HIV-, 38.4 years HIV+, the mean daily dose of methadone: 69.82 ml HIV-, 69.95 ml HIV+, the average duration of addiction: 23.2 years HIV -, 20.4 years HIV+. To evaluate the hand-eye coordination and motor learning Pursuit Rotor Task (PRT) was used.

Results:

It was found that HIV+ addicts are more than 25% lower psychomotor performance for hand-eye coordination as compared to HIV- addicts and 50% lower efficiency compared to healthy ones. in HIV+ addicts compared to the HIV- addicts and the healthy ones were more tremor with high amplitude and low frequency and less tremor with small amplitude and high frequency.

Conclusions:

The HIV+ opioid addicts have worse motor coordination compared to HIV- addicts and healthy ones but no impairment of motor learning.
2889 – Speech Intelligibility and Sound Frequency Discrimination in Opioid Addicts
Authors: Gorzelańczyk E.J. , Sęk A. , Wicher A. , Ziółkowski M. , Walecki P.
Published: July 2013

Objectives:

The aim of this study is to assess the relationship between the use of opioid drugs and speech intelligibility and discrimination of sound frequencies.

Methods:

44 opioid addicts (10 women and 34 men) during methadone maintenance treatment were examined. The mean age of participants 33 ± 9 years; the average duration of addiction: 12 years. The Polish Sentence Test (PTZ) for speech intelligibility measurements was used. The test consists of the presentation of 26 sentences, which were disrupted by the babble-noise. in the study of frequency discrimination experimental method is used. Two signals of different frequencies were presented. The task of the study is to identify the frequency-modulated stimulus (target). The study was conducted in a soundproof booth. The Psychoacoustics and Speech Workstations by Tucker Davis Technologies was used.

Results:

The difference in speech intelligibility and frequency discrimination between opioid addicts and healthy ones was found. The average value of the intensity of speech sounds in noise (Signal-to-Noise Ratio - SNR) in opioid addicts was -3.7 dB and in healthy ones was -5.6 dB. There was no correlation between the duration of addiction and the speech intelligibility in noise or frequency discrimination.

Conclusion:

The influence of taking opioids for speech intelligibility and frequency discrimination was found.
2890 – Speech Understanding and Logatom Intelligibility in Alcohol Addicts During Detoxification in Hospital
Authors: Gorzelańczyk E.J. , Sęk A. , Wicher A. , Ziółkowski M. , Walecki P.
Published: July 2013

Objectives:

The aim of research is to assess a speech perception in alcohol addicts and healthy ones.

Methods:

65 alcohol addicts (mean age 38 years, min. 22, max. 66 years) were examined. Patients admitted hearing impaired were excluded. The average duration of addiction: 8.8 years. The measure of speech understanding is the ratio of correctly received phonetic elements to the total number of presented ones. Speech understanding is often determined in the presence of masking noise. Respondents are to arrangement of sentences with words heard in the noise. The test determines the intensity of speech, for which - if it is presented in the noise - observed in 50% of correct answers. This parameter is called the Threshold Reception Speech (SRT). The logatom intelligibility test consists with over 150 presented stimuli. Both tests were conducted in a soundproof booth

Results:

In the speech understanding test were found significant difference of average SRT between alcohol addict and healthy ones. The better understanding of speech was found in healthy individuals. in a study conducted in the final phase of detoxification treatment, it was found that the level of speech understanding in addicts was improved (statistically significant). in the logatom intelligibility test wasn’t differences.

Conclusions:

It was found that alcohol dependence is associated with worse perception of speech.
2895 – Prenatal Stress and Neurodevelopmental Outcomes
Authors: Erdem M. , Balikci A.G. , Balıkcı A.
Published: July 2013

As a result of increasing evidence that the origins of many illnesses begin in fetal life, the importance of prenatal events are growing. Many animal and human studies have been made to reveal the effect of prenatal stress on psychopathology. in general, most of the studies of prenatal stress agree with negative feedback dysregulation and hyperactivity of hypothalamo pituitary adrenocortical axis. Evident findings of studies are; increased risk of birth complications, startle or distress in response to novel and surprising stimuli during infancy; lower Full Scale IQs, language abilities and attention deficiency in period of 3–5 years; increased risk of ADHD, anxiety symptoms, depressive disorder and impulsivity during adolescence. Additionally, timing of prenatal stress is also important and 12–22 weeks of gestation seems to be the most vulnerable period. The results underline the need for early prevention and intervention programs for highly anxious women during pregnancy. Administration of prenatal stress monitoring to public health programs or removing pregnant women who have been exposed to life events such as natural disaster, terror attack to secure areas that provide basic needs may be important.
2907 – Social Status Determines the Performance Evaluation in Ocd Patients
Authors: Santamaría García H. , Soriano Mas C. , Cardoner N. , Sebastián Gallés N.
Published: July 2013

Hierarchical social relationships are inherent to many species including humans. People evaluate its own actions and achievements using social comparisons. in social scenarios, people are more inclined to monitor for threats and evaluate its own behaviour. Recently it have been reported evidence demostrating that medial frontal negativity (MFN), an electrophysiological index that reflects performance evaluation, is significantly enhanced in situations of social comparisons. A growing cognitive literature in psychiatry have reported similar effects in MFN in OCD patients. in these patients have been documented changes in the modulation of the ERP components, collectively referred to as medial frontal negativities (MFNs)(error related negativity (ERN) and frontal related Negativity (FRN)), which are related with the activity of the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) and surrounding medial prefrontal regions. These alterations are related with reported difficulties to supervise the performance and to evaluate the conflictive information. in this research, we have explored how OCD patients process hierarchical social information. To this purpose, we have used a complex computarized game where patients are stimulated to compare their performance in a perceptual task, with players with different social status. As we expected, we have observed increased modulations of MFNs components in the group of OCD patients vs. control group. Interestingly, we have observed different modulations in MFNs in the patients according to the social status of the competitor. These effects suggest that the reported effects in OCD patients to monitorize the performance are differently modulated for the type of hierarchical comparison.
2911 – Workshop of Words, Sounds and Music
Authors: Papagni S.A. , Puglisi R. , Grosso A. , De Matteis A. , De Giorgi S.
Published: July 2013

Introduction:

Based on the assumptions of Group Analysis theorized by Burrow and Foulkes, in the Center for Mental Health of Casarano (Department of Mental Health of Lecce, Italy), it has been experienced the “Workshop of words, sounds and music”, with the aim to develop and empower the skills of the participants promoting the functional re-inclusion in the context of normal life.

Methods:

The work group has provided weekly meetings and involved 12 schizophrenic patients followed by the Mental Health Center of Casarano. It was stimulated the writing of songs first by lyrics and then by melody starting from individual and group introspective thoughts.

Results:

Several songs have been created by the participants and it was released a CD in the recording studio.

Conclusions:

It was possible to develop creative moments in which they could be expressed deep emotions that dwell in the individual lives of the protagonists stimulating at the same time socialization as an intrinsic part of the therapeutic process. This allowed the metaphorical language of the unconscious could be communicated to the conscious, resulting in a curative effect on psychosis. in this way, the pent-up energy from the disease has been usefully channeled in a group setting where each component has expressed a new access to mental regenerative sources.
2913 – Character Traits of Heavy Smoking Adolescents
Authors: Speranskaya O.I. , Smirnov V. , Bogdanov K. , Larina I. , Tretiokova I.
Published: July 2013

Objectives:

The aim of the study was to disclose the meaning of both clinico-psychopathological and character traits of smoking adolescents in organizing special antinicotine programs.

Methods:

85 adolescents, middle age 16,1, regular smoking period more, then 1 year. All the adolescents had special clinical signs of tobacco dependence (TD): easy-going adaptation to nicotine intoxication; fast growth of smoking intensity, 1 cigarette per day; the craving for tobacco symptoms (impossibility to control the mental ideas of smoking, somato-vegetative disturbances, high level of irritation, attention deficit). The character traits of heavy smoking adolescents were complicated (according DSM-IV) and included schizo-hysteric, schizo-epileptoid origin

Character traits were strongly associated with intensity of ideatory symptoms of TD and irritation level.

Conclusion:

Heavy smoking adolescents need special therapy including both personality and TD approaches - bio-feed-back, psychotherapy.
2924 – Societal Challenges within Europe
Authors: Baker M.
Published: July 2013

We are in the ‘age of the old’ and should be celebrating this incredible achievement by the human race but like many things, an ageing population brings with it a number of social challenges: the importance of the carers - and in turn their health - plus the longer we live the more diseases we acquire. A further challenge is the infertility of the European populations. The consequent burden to our health system means that there has to be a far closer understanding between patients and the pharmaceutical industry about the medicines that are produced, side effects, adverse effects and how necessary it is for these patient reported outcomes to be fed back to the industry. For too long, the industry and patients have been kept apart by clinicians and certainly, in more recent times, by the media. This is having a very adverse effect upon our health economy and should be rectified wherever possible. Partnership and constant dialogue between industry and patients using the well established Dr/Patient relationship is essential for the joint responsibility of managing health.
2929 – The Prevalence of Alcohol Drinking Behavior in Public Universities: A Case of Ethiopia
Authors: Tegegn T.A.
Published: July 2013

Background:

Alcohol drinking behavior is increased in alarming rate in public universities of Ethiopia. However, their prevalence is not well described. This study was conducted to describe the prevalence of alcohol drinking behavior in public universities of Ethiopia.

Methods:

A probabilistic sample of 861students was selected and interview edusing the CAGE questionnaire regarding their alcohol drinking behavior.

Results:

Eighty-one per cent of the respondents admitted that they currently drank alcohol. The prevalence of alcohol drinking was 19.4% for females and 47% for men. Among those who drank, 24.6% met the criterion for problem drinking as defined by two or more positive responses to the CAGE. The overall prevalence for problem drinking was found to be 5.5%.

Conclusion:

The prevalence of alcohol drinking behavior in Public Universities of Ethiopia is high.
2930 – Project Hinterland: The Way of the Steps and Thoughts
Authors: Papagni S.A. , De Matteis A. , Grosso A. , Puglisi R. , De Giorgi S.
Published: July 2013

Introduction:

Starting from the theoretical assumptions of Group Therapy, within the Department of Mental Health of Lecce, in the Center for Mental Health of Casarano it was experienced the “Project Hinterland: the way of the steps and thoughts”.

Objectives:

The “Project Hinterland: the way of the steps and thoughts”, through a group activity, was aimed to provide a undergoing reorganization of the gap between inner and outer world, characteristic of the mental disorder.

Methods:

-

Conductors: psychiatrist and psychologist

-

Sample: 9 schizophrenic patients

-

Duration: 12 months

Phases of the project:

1.

Exposure of the project and identification of individual interests

2.

Identification of journey and collection of information about it

3.

Excursion on the sites identified

4.

Sharing emotions and thoughts related with the experience of excursion

Rating scales:

-

Clinical Global Impression (CGI) at baseline and 12 months

-

Short Form 36 Health Survey Questionnaire (SF-36): at baseline and at 12 months

Results:

Significant reduction in mean scores in all areas of the CGI and the SF-36.

Conclusions:

Knowledge of the territory of belonging has reinforced the cultural and social identity of participants favoring the appropriation of their life contexts. The integration between cognitive space and motor activity has encouraged the perception of emotions related to it. The group activity has positively stimulated socialization longer valid and closer to the needs of the patient.
2931 – Community Car: Anecdotal Report and Insights for Planning
Authors: Amin-Selim Y.
Published: July 2013

Introduction:

The specific content of community care is not clearly articulated and services are described as diffuse. Community psychiatric service is reported to be virtually invisible. This study describes the characteristics of a community care population with severe enduring mental illness who are subject to case management in a point of time (October 2009 to March 2010).

Objectives:

The objectives are to screen the main services offered to them.

Aim:

The aim to identify the main trends in relation gender differences in making use of the services.

Method:

The screening is done using a specially designed instrument covering in addition to demographics clinical correlates and profiles of services offered.

Results:

The patients are subject to two tiers of case mananagement namely the out reach and the traditional care. The general profile of cases demonstrates high morbidity and social disability. Gender differences are identified in relation to diagnoses, level of engagement and profile of risk. Though male subjects are more morbid and more socially disabled they make less use of services compared to females. The highest frequency of risk was self neglect.

Conclusion:

Special therapeutic strategies are needed to be tailored to the high morbidity of schizophrenia and high prevalence of comorbidity. Gender differences are to be considered in service designs. Regular access to guidance from tertiary services particularly in relation to addiction rehabiliation and forensic could assist to address the complex needs.
2942 – Anxiety and Depression Among Parents of Children with Mental Retardation
Authors: Dogar I.A. , Azeem M.W. , Shah S. , Cheema M.A. , Asmat A.
Published: July 2013

Background:

Studies have shown an association between parental anxiety and depression, and caretaking of children with developmental cognitive delays. There is little data in developing countries, such as Pakistan, concerning the impact of raising children with Mental Retardation, upon the quality of parent functioning and risk for psychopathology.

Objective:

To evaluate for anxiety and depression among parents of children with Mental Retardation (MR).

Methods:

This was a prospective study conducted at a tertiary care hospital in Pakistan. Participants were 198 parents (99 fathers/99 mothers) of 100 children with the diagnosis of MR. The parents were assess for anxiety and depression using DSM IV criteria. Informed consent was obtained. The study was approved by the Institutional Research Committee.

Results:

Significantly high proportion (p-value = 0.024) of mothers (89%) had anxiety, depression or both anxiety and depression together as compared to fathers (77%). Among mothers, 35% met criteria for anxiety, 40% for depression and 13% for both anxiety and depression. Among fathers 42% had anxiety, 31% depression and 3% both anxiety and depression. There was a significant association (Pvalue = 0.027) between gender of parent and individual psychiatric diagnosis of anxiety, depression and anxiety and depression together. A significant association (pvalue = < 0.043) was also found between mother's anxiety, depression or both and degree of mental retardation of their children.

Conclusions:

1.

Parents of children with MR are at higher risk for anxiety, depression or both, needing mental health assessment.

2.

There was correlation between mother's anxiety, depression or both and level of MR among children.
2956 – The who European Mental Health Action Plan
Authors: Muijen M.
Published: July 2013

During the last few years the economic crisis has focused attention on the dual need to protect the wellbeing of the population and safeguard the care and treatment of people with mental disorders. Many countries are facing budget cuts, resulting in higher rates of unemployment, which is associated with depression and suicide. Countries are also committed to reform in mental health. This commitment is attributable to a combination of the aim to stop obsolete institutional forms of care, awareness of modern and effective forms of treatment, concerns about human rights and a stronger voice of advocacy groups. This combination of factors is raising the priority of mental health, and in response the WHO Regional Office for Europe is drafting the European Mental Health Action Plan, outlining strategic objectives to address the need for effective and efficient mental health promotion and for the prevention and treatment of mental disorders. The European Action Plan is developed in close cooperation with the Global Action Plan.

The European Mental Health Action Plan puts forward actions that have the potential to improve wellbeing of populations and access and quality of services. Particular emphasis is given to the point that service structure, however excellent, is necessary but on its own insufficient. Safety, effectiveness and absence of stigma as experienced by patients and their families will determine acceptability and outcome of care.

This is an important time to advocate for sustained investment in mental health care. The European Action Plan offers a platform for such consensus.
2965 – How to Assess and Study Treatment Adherence in Schizophrenia? The Influence of Clinical Trial Design on Adherence Outcome Measures
Authors: Correll C.
Published: July 2013

The primary goals of maintenance treatment in schizophrenia are sustained symptomatic control, relapse prevention, and delaying functional and cognitive decline.1 Successful pharmacotherapy is dependent on several factors including efficacy, therapeutic alliance, availability of optimal dosages and formulations, treatment adherence, and a low side-effect burden. New long-acting injectable (LAI) formulations of atypical antipsychotics have been developed to address suboptimal therapy outcomes by enhancing drug delivery, assuring efficacy of treatment, reducing side effects, and improving compliance.2 Evidence differentiating the effectiveness of oral vs. long-acting antipsychotics is difficult to obtain in randomized controlled trials (RCTs) where adherence to both is optimized.

RCTs are designed to establish clinical efficacy in an “ideal” setting in which medication adherence is controlled and highly regulated.3 However, RCTs cannot by definition assess treatment effectiveness. Conversely, naturalistic studies that mimic clinical practice are more likely to uncover real-world effectiveness differences of different treatment options. Research has demonstrated major benefits of LAIs in naturalistic studies, including large, nationwide cohort studies and mirror-image studies where patients serve as their own controls. Results from these trials are likely to be underestimated in RCTs owing to stringent inclusion criteria, frequent clinic visits and direct provision of medications.4 Therefore, data from meta-analyses can be misleading if the trial design is not considered in the interpretation of the results.5 Furthermore, naturalistic studies can more accurately assess the consequences for patients with regards to relapse and rehospitalization rates. Therefore, clinicians have to be aware of the origin of data and its impact on the results before making treatment decisions.

The current presentation will critically review data from 3 meta-analyses comparing LAIs with oral antipsychotics, exploring how to interpret the data from different trial designs in the context of unmet patient needs, and how the results from differential designs may impact treatment outcomes.
2966 – Understanding the Non-adherence and how to Improve it
Authors: Llorca P.-M.
Published: July 2013

Schizophrenia is a chronic psychiatric disorder with onset of symptoms typically occurring in early adulthood, and requires lifelong treatment. Treatment goals for the long-term management of this debilitating disorder include sustained symptom remission and control, maintaining or improving patient level of functioning and quality of life, prevention of relapse, and continued monitoring for adverse events, as well as sustained adherence to medication.1 Poor adherence to medication is multifactorial and presents a major challenge in the long-term management of schizophrenia. in fact, rates of non-adherence and of partial compliance to antipsychotic medication are high and are associated with a significantly increased risk of relapse, hospitalization, and the potential for progressive functional impairment, resulting in increased morbidity and high healthcare costs.2,3 Thus, recognizing and managing non-adherence with the latest treatment advances has the potential to benefit patients as well as their families.

One possible solution to the challenge of non-adherence is the availability of long-acting injectable (LAI) formulations of atypical antipsychotics. The use of LAI antipsychotics may help improve the management of adherence and enhance the therapeutic alliance through regular injection visits. in addition to pharmacotherapy, current clinical practice guidelines recommend the use of psychoeducation to improve treatment outcomes.4 Psychoeducation, along with other behavioral therapies, can facilitate the improvement of patient insight, prevention of relapse, promotion of adherence, and ultimately improve continuity of care.

This presentation will provide an overview of key unmet needs in the long-term management of schizophrenia, and evaluate factors leading to non-adherence. The use of non-pharmacological and pharmacological strategies for improving adherence in routine clinical practice will be discussed in the context of a strong therapeutic alliance.
2972 – Diagnostic Imaging in Bipolar Disorder
Authors: Frangou S.
Published: July 2013

Background:

Bipolar Disorder (BD) is amongst the leading causes of disability worldwide. Patients are further disadvantaged by delays in accurate diagnosis ranging between 5–10 years. We applied Gaussian Process Classifiers (GPCs) to structural magnetic resonance imaging (sMRI) data to evaluate the feasibility of using pattern recognition techniques for the diagnostic classification of patients with BD.

Methods:

GPCs were applied to gray (GM) and white matter (WM) sMRI data derived from two independent samples of patients with BD (cohort 1: n = 26; cohort 2: n = 14). Within each cohort patients were matched on age, sex and IQ to an equal number of healthy controls.

Results:

The diagnostic accuracy of the GPC classifier for GM was 73% in cohort 1 and 72% in cohort 2; sensitivity and specificity of the GM classification were 69% and 77% in cohort 1 and 64% and 99% in the cohort 2. The diagnostic accuracy of the GPC classifier for WM was 69% in cohort 1 and 78% in cohort 2; sensitivity and specificity of the WM classification were both 69% the cohort 1 and 71% and 86% in cohort 2. in both samples, GM and WM clusters discriminating between patients and controls were localized within cortical and subcortical structures implicated in BD.

Conclusions:

Our results demonstrate the predictive value of neuroanatomical data in discriminating patients with BD from healthy individuals. The overlap between discriminative networks and regions implicated in the pathophysiology of BD supports the biological plausibility of the classifiers.
2974 – Changes in DSM5: Child and Adolescent Conditions
Authors: Taylor E.
Published: July 2013

The revision of the DSM scheme has highlighted several difficulties with classification: adapting criteria to different ages and genders; multiplicity of diagnoses in individual children (leading to a mistaken impression of ‘comorbidity’); complexity of the scheme making problems for nonspecialist clinicians; the use of unvalidated categories; and the inclusion of functional impairment as a criterion for several disorders.

In this paper, DSM5's approaches to solving some of these difficulties are illustrated, with reference to specific conditions arising in childhood; although at the time of writing full criteria are not available. An overarching formulation of disorders has been introduced, and “disorders arising in childhood” no longer form a separate group in view of the extensive evidence for the early origins of many psychiatric disorders. “Pediatric bipolar disorder” has become overused, and a new category of “disruptive mood dysregulation” introduced. ADHD subtypes have not been validated and are downgraded to “presentations”; and “restrictive-inattentive” disorders have not (yet) earned their place. ADHD criteria in adult life have been relaxed a little. The “autism spectrum” has replaced subsyndromes, and proposes two dimensions for description. Callous-unemotional states in conduct disorder have received attention; as has the description of syndromes involving self-harm. The remaining challenges for clinicians and researchers will be described.
2992 – Roamer: A European Roadmap for Mental Health Research
Authors: Haro J.M.
Published: July 2013

To reduce the huge impact of mental disorders in the European society we need to increase our knowledge on their determinants, how to prevent them, and how to improve the efficacy and effectiveness of treatments. There are clear indicators that funding for mental health disorder research is much lower than the corresponding impact on health. in this context, the ROAMER project, funded under the European Commission FP7 program, aims to develop a comprehensive and integrated mental health research roadmap, orientated to translational research. To ensure an effective and widely accepted Roadmap, we want the process to be inclusive and participatory, incorporating a large diversity of research scientists from many disciplines and also incorporating the view of users, carers, professionals and policy makers and funding institutions. We have established six domains: i) infra-structures and capacity building, ii) biomedicine, iii) psychological treatments and processes, iv) social and economic aspects, v) public health, and vi) wellbeing. Within each of the domains, we will describe the state-ofthe- art of the research, will enumerate of gaps in current knowledge, as well as the advances needed in research in their field. Work groups have been established in each area. A much larger participation of scientists and stakeholders will be achieved through mail and web surveys. Documents will be available at the ROAMER web page (www.roamer-mh.org). Consensus in each of the stages will be achieved using an adapted Delphi method.
2995 – Improving Schizophrenia Outcome
Authors: Galderisi S.
Published: July 2013

Schizophrenia severely affects mental and physical health. Although 20-50% of patients experience significant improvement at some point in life, schizophrenia is the 5th leading cause of disability in men and the 6th in women; patients with schizophrenia die 12-15 years before the average population, and relatively few of them are in work. It is increasingly acknowledged that much of the personal, social and economic burden of schizophrenia is due to impaired functioning in the real-life of those affected. As a matter of fact, the focus of schizophrenia management has gradually shifted from reduction of symptoms and prevention of relapse to improved functioning in the real-life. The presentation will address the following issues: a) definition and measurement of schizophrenia outcome; b) main variables directly or indirectly influencing functioning in the real-life; c) unmet needs in schizophrenia present management; d) recent treatment strategies and e) priorities for research investments.
3005 – A Roadmap for Mental Health Research in Europe: From the Theory to the Practice of Research
Authors: Obradors Tarragó C. , Haro J.M.
Published: July 2013

The European Commission funded the ROAMER project, which was launched in October 2011, to develop a roadmap to promote and integrate research on the biological, epidemiological, social and public health aspects of mental health. ROAMER has established six scientific domains (i.e. infrastructures and capacity building; biomedicine; psychological treatments and processes; social and economic aspects; public health; and wellbeing) that are being addressed in parallel. This process is developed in three different phases devoted to conducting an initial state-of-the-art analysis, enumerating gaps in current knowledge, and defining advances needed in research in each field. The project includes the participation of researchers, professionals, service users, families and other stakeholders.

The project is funded by the coordination and support action under the Seventh Framework Programme (FP7). This funding instrument is oriented towards non-research initiatives which require a wide participation of European institutions.

In the session, we will describe the role of coordinators and project managers in European Projects, as well as the current status of funding programs in the EC, the steps to apply to their calls, and the daily issues you should deal with when managing European projects profiting our ROAMER experience.

[ROAMER has received funding from the European Union Seventh Framework Program (FP7/2007-2013) under grant agreement n° 282586]
3006 – Maternal Borderline Personality Disorder and The Peripartum: Challenges for Mother and Infant
Authors: Apter G.
Published: July 2013

If Postpartum mood disorders are now considered a major issue both in public health and in psychiatry, the study of maternal Borderline personality disorder (BPD), most often or not associated with peripartum depressive disorder has attracted much less attention. We now know that BPD is common and highly associated with postpartum depression (Apter et al, 2012). This constitutes a high risk group where both mothers and infants are at relational and psychiatric risk; mothers do not acknowledge their mental health issues and therefore do not seek and receive care, whereas their emotional dysregulation negatively impacts interactions. Distorted interactive configurations organize as early as three months postpartum. Mothers show major difficulty in responding to infants and in turn, infants react with dysregulated and/or dismissive behaviors thus reinforcing the risk for an increase of intrusive and inappropriate response from the caregiver. Rapidly mothers and infants seem off beat. At one year, the infants are at high risk of presenting insecure attachment thus heightening their risk of developing future psychopathology. How to recognize, and intervene with these populations will be presented using videos as illustration and tailored management in a perinatal and infant/toddler unit.
Time trends in dietary fat intake in a sample of German children and adolescents between 2000 and 2010: not quantity, but quality is the issue
Authors: Libuda Lars , Alexy Ute , Kersting Mathilde
Published: July 2013

Dietary fat intake in childhood may influence the risk for developing chronic diseases. The objective of the present study was to examine secular trends in the parameters of fat intake between 2000 and 2010 in a sample of German children and adolescents (n 808) participating in the Dortmund Nutritional and Anthropometric Longitudinally Designed (DONALD) Study. Dietary data from 4380 3 d weighed dietary records were analysed using repeated-measures regression to determine time trends in fat quantity, i.e. the intake of total fat, and in fat quality, i.e. the ratios of SFA, MUFA and PUFA. In young children (2–3 years) and in adolescents (13–18 years), total fat intake remained stable over time, but decreased by 0·08 % of total energy (%E) per year in 4–12-year-old children. In 2010, median fat intake was at the upper end of the recommendations. SFA intake decreased slightly in 2–3- and 4–12-year-old children by 0·09 and 0·05 %E per year, respectively. MUFA and PUFA intakes remained stable in all the age groups except in adolescents. Here, PUFA intake decreased initially, but increased between 2005 and 2010. In 2010, only between 3 and 18 % of the respective age groups had an intake of SFA or PUFA within the recommendations. In conclusion, fat quantity and quality did not change substantially between 2000 and 2010. Fat quality, in particular, needs to be improved, since a large percentage of our sample did not meet the recommended intakes for SFA and PUFA.
Acanthorhachis, a new genus of shark from the Carboniferous (Westphalian) of Yorkshire, England
Authors: MARTILL DAVID M. , DEL STROTHER PETER J. A. , GALLIEN FLORENCE
Published: July 2013

An association of diverse hollow spines and dermal denticles (ichthyoliths) from the Carboniferous (Westphalian) of Todmorden, Yorkshire, England are attributed to a new genus of enigmatic shark that may lie close toListracanthusNewberry & Worthen, 1870. Scanning electron microscopy shows that denticle morphology is highly variable, but forms a morphocline including elongate multi-spined elements as well as robust dome-like stellate denticles and recurved spinose elements. Histological analysis suggests an absence of enameloid. Continuous variation of form between elongate multi-cusped spines to boss-like circular denticles shows that all previously described Palaeozoic species ofListracanthusare probably junior synonyms of the type speciesL.hystrixNewberry & Worthen, 1870. The status ofListracanthusas a surviving ‘Lilliputian’ taxon after the Permian extinction is questioned. Although the new specimen has affinities withListracanthus, significant differences in the form of the posterior spines on elongate denticles warrants its placement in the new genusAcanthorhachisgen. nov. The family Listracanthidae is erected to accommodateListracanthusandAcanthorhachis.
A Cognitive Grammar account of the semantics of the English present progressive
Authors: DE WIT ASTRID , BRISARD FRANK
Published: July 2013

In this paper, we propose a unified account of the semantics of the English present progressive in the form of a semantic network, basing ourselves on the theoretical principles and analytical tools offered by the theory of Cognitive Grammar, as laid out by Langacker (1987, 1991). The core meaning of the English present progressive, we claim, is to indicateepistemic contingencyin the speaker's immediate reality. It thus contrasts with the simple present, which is associated with situations that are construed asstructurallybelonging to reality. On the basis of a study of the Santa Barbara Corpus of spoken American English, an inventory has been made of the more specific uses of the present progressive, temporal as well as modal. It is shown that each of these uses can be derived from this basic meaning of contingency in immediate reality via a set of conceptual branching principles, in interaction with elements in the context.
Sector claims and counter-claims: Joseph Elzéar Bernier, the Canadian government, and Arctic sovereignty, 1898–1934
Authors: Cavell Janice
Published: July 2013

Many writers have presented Joseph Elzéar Bernier (1852–1934) as a hero whose key role in establishing Canada's sovereignty over the Arctic islands was unjustly downplayed by the government he served. According to this view, the sector claim that Bernier made on 1 July 1909 is the true foundation of Canada's title to the archipelago. This article draws on government files to assess civil servants’ attitude to his sovereignty-related activities. It also describes the role played by James White, whose more sophisticated and effective sector concept predated Bernier's and served as the basis for the official sector claim made in June 1925. The evidence indicates that government officials in the 1920s were well justified in their doubts about Bernier's pretensions. However, even though they rejected his version of the sector theory and resented the campaign of self-glorification on which he embarked after his retirement, their personal relations with him were good, and they took considerable trouble to ensure what they considered to be an appropriate degree of recognition for him. The article therefore clarifies the differences between Bernier's rhetoric and reality, particularly with regard to the sector principle.
From Nudging to Budging: Using Behavioural Economics to Inform Public Sector Policy
Authors: OLIVER ADAM
Published: July 2013

The use of behavioural economics to inform policy has over recent years been captured by those who advocate nudge interventions. Nudge is a non-regulatory approach that attempts to motivate individual behaviour change through subtle alterations in the choice environments that people face. It is argued in this article that government interventions ought to be more overt than that traditionally advocated by nudge adherents, and that governments should principally attempt to influence behaviour if the acts of those targeted are causing harm to others. With this in mind, governments can use the findings of behavioural economics, including present bias and loss aversion, to inform where and how to regulate directly against undesirable private sector activities. This behavioural economic-informed method of regulation is hereby termedbudge, to indicate that, rather than nudging citizens, behavioural economics might be used more appropriately in the public sector to help inform regulation that budges harmful private sector activities.
Activation Workers’ Perceptions of Their Long-term Unemployed Clients’ Attitudes towards Employment
Authors: DUNN ANDREW
Published: July 2013

The Work Programme's use of severe social security benefit sanctions reflects British coalition ministers’ belief that many people on out-of-work benefits do not want a job. While a substantial empirical literature has repeatedly demonstrated that in fact unemployed benefit claimants possess the same work values as the employed and that the vast majority want paid work, it has ignored some conservative authors’ pleas to consider the views and experiences of people who work with the unemployed. Forty employees of agencies contracted to help unemployed people into employment were interviewed in summer 2011. Respondents had spent an estimated combined total of 147,000 hours in the presence of people who have claimed Jobseeker's Allowance (JSA) for over six months. Most said that between a quarter and half of their present clients did not want employment. This finding does not contradict existing research, given that most JSA claimants re-enter employment within six months. However, all forty agreed that many others remained unemployed because they were choosy in the jobs they were willing to undertake, and, most strikingly, respondents overwhelmingly endorsed the view that a ‘dependency culture’ exists in households and neighbourhoods that have experienced joblessness for several generations.
Facilitating the task for second language processing research: A comparison of two testing paradigms
Authors: MILLER A. KATE
Published: July 2013

This study considers the effects of experimental task demands in research on second language sentence processing. Advanced learners and native speakers of French were presented with the same experimental sentences in two different tasks designed to probe for evidence of trace reactivation during processing: cross-modal priming (Nicol & Swinney, 1989) and probe classification during reading (Dekydtspotter, Miller, Schaefer, Chang, & Kim, 2010). Although the second language learners produced nontargetlike results on the cross-modal priming task, the probe classification during reading task revealed results suggestive of trace reactivation, which point to detailed structural representations during online sentence processing. The implications for current theories of second language sentence processing and for future research in this domain are discussed.
Major litterfall manipulation affects seedling growth and nutrient status in one of two species in a lowland forest in Panama
Authors: Vincent Andrea G. , Tanner Edmund V.J.
Published: July 2013

Leaf litter is an important source of nutrients to tropical forest trees, but its importance for understorey seedling growth is not well understood. Seedlings of Licania platypus (n = 190) and Coussarea curvigemmia (n = 304) were transplanted into deeply shaded forest plots in Panama having received 2 y of litter addition or removal and 7 y of fertilization with nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium combined, and their growth and foliar nutrients measured after 13 and 6 mo respectively. Licania platypus growing in litter addition and removal plots had faster height growth and slower leaf growth respectively than in control plots; C. curvigemmia showed no significant effects apart from lower survival in litter addition plots. These effects may be driven by soil nutrients, as suggested by differences in foliar nitrogen and potassium (but not phosphorus) concentrations, and by a pot experiment in a shadehouse using Ochroma pyramidale seedlings, which showed higher leaf area in soils from litter-addition plots, although seedling dry weight was higher only in fertilized soils. Overall, these results show that for one of two species, understorey seedling growth was increased by 2 y of doubled litterfall, and thus that they were probably nutrient limited even in the relatively fertile soils of this semi-deciduous tropical forest.
Infinitives or bare stems? Are English-speaking children defaulting to the highest-frequency form?
Authors: RÄSÄNEN SANNA H. M. , AMBRIDGE BEN , PINE JULIAN M.
Published: July 2013

Young English-speaking children often produce utterances with missing 3sg -s(e.g., *He play). Since the mid 1990s, such errors have tended to be treated as Optional Infinitive (OI) errors, in which the verb is a non-finite form (e.g., Wexler, 1998; Legate & Yang, 2007). The present article reports the results of a cross-sectional elicited-production study with 22 children (aged 3;1–4;1), which investigated the possibility that at least some apparent OI errors reflect a process of defaulting to the form with the highest frequency in the input. Across 48 verbs, a significant negative correlation was observed between the proportion of ‘bare’ vs. 3sg -sforms in a representative input corpus and the rate of 3sg -sproduction. This finding suggests that, in addition to other learning mechanisms that yield such errors cross-linguistically, at least some of the OI errors produced by English-speaking children reflect a process of defaulting to a high-frequency/phonologically simple form.
More on the Comparative Nature of Desert: Can a Deserved Punishment Be Unjust?
Authors: AVRAHAM RONEN , STATMAN DANIEL
Published: July 2013

Adam and Eve have the same record yet receive different punishments. Adam receives the punishment that they both deserve, whereas Eve receives a more lenient punishment. In this article, we explore whether a deserved-but-unequal punishment, such as what Adam receives, can be just. We do this by explicating the conceptions of retributive justice that underlie both sides of the debate. We argue that inequality in punishment is disturbing mainly because of the disrespect it often expresses towards the offender receiving the harsher treatment, and also because it casts doubt on whether Adam got what he deserved. We suggest that when no disrespect is involved and when it is clear that the criminal got what he deserved, inequality is not worrisome.