bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
L'origine des crues dans les bassins-versants élémentaires : du ruissellement sur les versants à l'écoulement de crue
Authors: Cosandey Claude
Published: April 2011

Dans leur concept comme dans leurs processus de genèse, le « ruissellement » du géomorphologue — qui se produit sur les versants — et celui de l'hydrologue — qui n'a d'existence que parvenu dans le réseau de drainage, et auquel il faut préférer le terme d'« écoulement rapide de crue » — sont soigneusement distingués, et leurs inter-relations étudiées.

Les processus de genèse du ruissellement sur les versants sont regroupés en trois catégories majeures : le ruissellement de type « hortonien », le ruissellement se produisant sur des « aires contributives » saturées, et enfin celui lié à des modifications de l'état de surface du sol sous l'impact des gouttes de pluie.

Ensuite, les relations qui existent entre le ruissellement se produisant sur les versants et l'écoulement rapide de crue sont étudiées, permettant de comprendre l'origine des crues. Il est mis en évidence que, selon les processus, ou plutôt les combinaisons de processus qui entrent en jeu, les facteurs qui conditionnent l'importance du ruissellement et/ou de la crue peuvent être très différents. Or, l'identification de ces facteurs est la démarche indispensable pour la compréhension des conséquences des activités humaines sur le cycle de l'eau, comme pour concevoir les aménagements capables de limiter la genèse ou les conséquences du ruissellement, de l'érosion et/ou de l'écoulement de crue.
Les villes argentines : une urbanisation sans urbanisme ?
Authors: Dubois-Maury Jocelyne
Published: April 2011

Le système urbain argentin est en crise depuis plusieurs décennies, faute d'investissements. Les espaces déjà urbanisés se dégradent ainsi que les infrastructures. En périphérie, se développent des lotissements clandestins et des bidonvilles. Les outils de l'urbanisme réglementaire semblent incapables de répondre à une situation de crise qu'un récent retour au partenariat public/privé tente de résoudre.
Viability of forest floor and canopy seed banks in Pinus contorta var. latifolia (Pinaceae) forests after a mountain pine beetle outbreak
Authors: Teste François P. , Lieffers Victor J. , Landhäusser Simon M.
Published: April 2011

• Premise of the study: Seed banks are important for the natural regeneration of many forest species. Most of the seed bank of serotinous lodgepole pine is found in the canopy, but after an outbreak of mountain pine beetle (MPB), a considerable forest‐floor seed bank develops through the falling of canopy cones. After large‐scale mortality of pine stands from MPB, however, the viability of seeds in both the canopy and the forest‐floor cone bank is uncertain.

• Methods: We sampled cones in five stands 3 yr after MPB (3y‐MPB); five stands 6 yr after MPB (6y‐MPB); and 10 stands 9 yr after MPB (9y‐MPB), in central British Columbia, Canada. Seeds were extracted and viability tested using germination techniques.

• Key results: Forest‐floor cones had seed with high germination capacity (GC): 82% for embedded (partly buried) closed cones vs. 45% for buried partly open cones. For canopy cones, GC steeply declined about 15 yr after cone maturation and by 25 yr, GC was 50%, compared with 98% in the first year. In the 3y‐ and 6y‐MPB stands, seeds from cones that were 7 to 9 yr old had similar GC on dead and living trees; however, seeds from the dead trees had lower vigor than seeds from living trees.

• Conclusions: We demonstrate for the first time that a serotinous pine can form a viable soil seed bank by cone burial, which may facilitate natural regeneration if a secondary disturbance occurs. Seeds contained in 15‐yr‐old cones showed a steep decline in viability, which could limit regeneration if there is a long delay before a secondary disturbance.
La pesanteur et la grâce du geste
Authors: Vouilloux Bernard
Published: April 2011

Résumé Depuis surtout ces deux grands livres que sont L’Invention de la liberté et Les Emblèmes de la Raison , Jean Starobinski a fait du geste l’objet d’une réflexion qui permet d’en saisir les différentes portées, anthropologique, culturelle, esthétique et éthique. C’est dans le champ des arts visuels, et principalement de la peinture que se découvre le mieux cette complexité. Depuis les expressions antiques de la largesse jusqu’à la peinture de Garache, en passant par la peinture des xviii e et xix e siècles, le parcours suivi par Starobinski permet de penser le passage d’une esthétique du geste peint, inféodée au cadre théorique de l’expression des passions, à une pragmatique du geste pictural en tant que geste agissant du tableau et geste d’offrande du peintre.
La posture mélancolique
Authors: Pigeaud Jackie
Published: April 2011

Résumé Est-ce un geste ? Si l’on veut ; mais alors un geste très complexe, ou un ensemble de gestes. La posture mélancolique a une histoire. On pourrait croire qu’elle est la prise de conscience progressive d’une maladie donnée. C’est beaucoup plus que cela. Il s’agit de l’élaboration complexe d’une attitude. Un arrêt sur image qui a un sens immédiat, qui se pose pour être interprété ; et une image offerte à tout le monde. Elle a pu naître spontanément, puis être travaillée, élaborée, parée. Elle relève de la nature et de la culture.
Lenguaje, ontología y relaciones interteóricas: en favor de un genuino pluralismo ontológico
Authors: Lombardi Olimpia , Pérez Ransanz Ana Rosa
Published: April 2011

En este artículo nos proponemos discutir el problema de las relaciones interteóricas desde la perspectiva de un pluralismo ontológico que adopta un realismo de raigambre kantiana. Para ello comenzamos por recordar el concepto tradicional de reducción y sus limitaciones, poniendo el énfasis en los supuestos metafísicos que conlleva tal concepción. A continuación, analizamos otra difundida postura que concibe las relaciones interteóricas en términos de relaciones funcionales, a fin de poner al descubierto ciertas conclusiones inadecuadas que suelen inferirse de tal interpretación. Esta tarea nos conduce a señalar un problema generalmente ignorado en las discusiones sobre el tema, el cual se refiere al modo como se define el sistema bajo estudio. Finalmente, presentamos una caracterización general de nuestro pluralismo ontológico de filiación kantiana, e intentamos poner de manifiesto cómo, en su versión sincrónica, tal pluralismo nos permite afrontar el problema de las relaciones interteóricas de un modo filosóficamente fecundo.
El sexo de las metáforas
Authors: Pérez Sedeño Eulalia
Published: April 2011

La tesis de que las metáforas estructuran gran parte de nuestras relaciones sociales y nuestra experiencia cotidiana ha sido ampliamente aceptada en las últimas décadas. En la ciencia, además, aparecen en muchos niveles y desempeñan diversas funciones, impregnando todo el quehacer científico. En este trabajo se examinan algunas metáforas de género usadas en biología. Se muestra que las metáforas eficaces lo son porque su efectividad depende de las convenciones sociales compartidas, los parecidos de familia ya vigentes y de la autoridad que, por convención, se otorga a quienes las usan.
Cutting Edge: NKG2D-Dependent Cytotoxicity Is Controlled by Ligand Distribution in the Target Cell Membrane
Authors: Martinez Emily , Brzostowski Joseph A. , Long Eric O. , Gross Catharina C.
Published: April 2011

Although the importance of membrane microdomains in receptor-mediated activation of lymphocytes has been established, much less is known about the role of receptor ligand distribution on APC and target cells. Detergent-resistant membrane domains, into which GPI-linked proteins partition, are enriched in cholesterol and glycosphingolipids. ULBP1 is a GPI-linked ligand for natural cytotoxicity receptor NKG2D. To investigate how ULBP1 distribution on target cells affects NKG2D-dependent NK cell activation, we fused the extracellular domain of ULBP1 to the transmembrane domain of CD45. Introduction of this transmembrane domain eliminated the association of ULBP1 with the detergent-resistant membrane fraction and caused a significant reduction of cytotoxicity and degranulation by NK cells. Clustering and lateral diffusion of ULBP1 was not affected by changes in the membrane anchor. These results show that the partitioning of receptor ligands in discrete membrane domains of target cells is an important determinant of NK cell activation.
Expression, Purification, and Characterisation of Dehydroquinate Synthase fromPyrococcus furiosus
Authors: Negron Leonardo , Patchett Mark L. , Parker Emily J.
Published: April 2011

Dehydroquinate synthase (DHQS) catalyses the second step of the shikimate pathway to aromatic compounds. DHQS from the archaeal hyperthermophilePyrococcus furiosuswas insoluble when expressed inEscherichia colibut was partially solubilised when KCl was included in the cell lysis buffer. A purification procedure was developed, involving lysis by sonication at 30∘C followed by a heat treatment at 70∘C and anion exchange chromatography. Purified recombinantP. furiosusDHQS is a dimer with a subunit Mr of 37,397 (determined by electrospray ionisation mass spectrometry) and is active over broad pH and temperature ranges. The kinetic parameters areKM(3-deoxy-D-arabino-heptulosonate 7-phosphate) 3.7 μM andkcat3.0 sec-1at 60∘C and pH 6.8. EDTA inactivates the enzyme, and enzyme activity is restored by several divalent metal ions including (in order of decreasing effectiveness) Cd2+, Co2+, Zn2+, and Mn2+. High activity of a DHQS in the presence of Cd2+has not been reported for enzymes from other sources, and may be related to the bioavailability of Cd2+forP. furiosus. This study is the first biochemical characterisation of a DHQS from a thermophilic source. Furthermore, the characterisation of this hyperthermophilic enzyme was carried out at elevated temperatures using an enzyme-coupled assay.
Comparative Study of Serological Tests forMycoplasma synoviaeDiagnosis in Commercial Poultry Breeders
Authors: Luciano R. L. , Cardoso A. L. S. P. , Stoppa G. F. Z. , Kanashiro A. M. I. , Castro A. G. M. de , Tessari E. N. C.
Published: April 2011

Avian mycoplasmosis causes great economic losses to the poultry industry, and one of the major agents involved isMycoplasma synovie(MS). Serum from commercial poultry breeders () was tested for MS by serum plate agglutination (SPA), hemagglutination inhibition (HI), and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). From 2,781 samples tested, 736 (26.46%) were positive in SPA. From 712 SPA-positive sera, 30 samples (4.21%) were positive in HI, and 150 samples (21.06%) were positive in ELISA. Copositivity between ELISA and HI was 90%, and conegativity was 82.0%. Agreement between HI and ELISA was rejected by McNemar's test (), and Kappa coefficient showed a weak correlation between the two techniques (; ). Weak statistical correlation was observed between all serological tests (SPA, HI, and ELISA), and they should only be used for initial screening for MS.
Function and Comorbidities of Apolipoprotein E in Alzheimer′s Disease
Authors: Leduc Valérie , Domenger Dorothée , De Beaumont Louis , Lalonde Daphnée , Bélanger-Jasmin Stéphanie , Poirier Judes
Published: April 2011

Alzheimer′s disease (AD)—the most common type of dementia among the elderly—represents one of the most challenging and urgent medical mysteries affecting our aging population. Although dominant inherited mutation in genes involved in the amyloid metabolism can elicit familial AD, the overwhelming majority of AD cases, dubbed sporadic AD, do not display this Mendelian inheritance pattern. Apolipoprotein E (APOE), the main lipid carrier protein in the central nervous system, is the only gene that has been robustly and consistently associated with AD risk. The purpose of the current paper is thus to highlight the pleiotropic roles and the structure‐function relationship of APOE to stimulate both the functional characterization and the identification of novel lipid homeostasis‐related molecular targets involved in AD.
Sialoblastoma- long-term follow-up and remission for a rare salivary malignancy
Authors: Farooqi Kanwal M. , Kessel Rachel , Brandwein-Gensler Margaret , Granowetter Linda , Manwani Deepa
Published: April 2011

Sialoblastoma is a rare salivary neoplasm which presents either congenitally or during early infancy. It was originally considered a benign neoplasm, however a number of reported cases have documented locoregional recurrence and distant metastases. Currently, there is no consensus on the appropriate treatment for this neoplasm. We report on long term follow-up of a patient with metastatic sialoblastoma, and a brief discussion of the possible treatment modalities currently being considered.
Mucinous cystic neoplasm of the pancreas in a male patient
Authors: Tokuyama Yasuharu , Osada Shinji , Sanada Yuichi , Takahashi Takao , Yamaguchi Kazuya , Yoshida Kazuhiro
Published: April 2011

Mucinous cystic neoplasms (MCNs) make up a morphologic family of similar appearing tumors arising in the ovary and various extraovarian organs such as pancreas, hepatobiliary tract and mesentery. MCNs of the pancreas occur almost exclusively in women. Here, we report a rare case of MCN in a male patient. A 39-year-old man was admitted to our hospital with the chief complaint of back pain. Abdominal computed tomography revealed a multilocular cyctic mass 6.3 cm in diameter in the pancreatic tail. In addition, the outer wall and septae with calcification were demonstrated in the cystic lesion. On magnetic resonance imaging, the cystic fluid had low intensity on T1-weighted imaging and high intensity on T2-weighted imaging. Endoscopic retrograde cholangio-pancreatography (ERCP) showed neither communication between the cystic lesion and the main pancreatic duct nor encasement of the main pancreatic duct. Endoscopic ultrasonography revealed neither solid component nor thickness of the septae in the cystic lesion. Consequently, we performed distal pancreatectomy with splenectomy under the diagnosis of cystic neoplasia of the pancreas. Histopathologically, the cystic lesion showed two distinct component: an inner epithelial layer and an outer densely cellular ovarian-type stromal layer. Based on these findings, the cystic lesion was diagnosed as MCN.
Atmospheric degradation of 3-methylfuran: kinetic and products study
Authors: Tapia A. , Villanueva F. , Salgado M. S. , Cabañas B. , Martínez E. , Martín P.
Published: April 2011

Abstract. A study of the kinetics and products obtained from the reactions of 3-methylfuran with the main atmospheric oxidants has been performed. The rate coefficients for the gas-phase reaction of 3-methylfuran with OH and NO3 radicals have been determined at room temperature and atmospheric pressure (air and N2 as bath gases), using a relative method with different experimental techniques. The rate coefficients obtained for these reactions were (in units cm3 molecule−1 s−1) kOH = (1.13 ± 0.22) × 10−10 and kNO3 = (1.26 ± 0.18) × 10−11. Products from the reaction of 3-methylfuran with OH, NO3 and Cl atoms in the absence and in the presence of NO have also been determined. The main reaction products obtained were chlorinated methylfuranones and hydroxy-methylfuranones in the reaction of 3-methylfuran with Cl atoms, 2-methylbutenedial, 3-methyl-2,5-furanodione and hydroxy-methylfuranones in the reaction of 3-methylfuran with OH and NO3 radicals and also nitrated compounds in the reaction with NO3 radicals. The results indicate that, in all cases, the main reaction path is the addition to the double bond of the aromatic ring followed by ring opening in the case of OH and NO3 radicals. The formation of 3-furaldehyde and hydroxy-methylfuranones (in the reactions of 3-methylfuran with Cl atoms and NO3 radicals) confirmed the H-atom abstraction from the methyl group and from the aromatic ring, respectively. This study represents the first product determination for Cl atoms and NO3 radicals in reactions with 3-methylfuran. The reaction mechanisms and atmospheric implications of the reactions under consideration are also discussed.
Global terrestrial isoprene emission models: sensitivity to variability in climate and vegetation
Authors: Arneth A. , Schurgers G. , Lathière J. , Duhl T. , Beerling D. J. , Hewitt C. N. , Martin M. , Guenther A.
Published: April 2011

Abstract. Due to its effects on the atmospheric lifetime of methane, the burdens of tropospheric ozone and growth of secondary organic aerosol, isoprene is central among the biogenic compounds that need to be taken into account for assessment of anthropogenic air pollution. There is a great interest in better understanding the geographic distribution of isoprene emission, and the interaction of the drivers that underlie its seasonal, interannual and long-term variation. Lack of process-understanding on the scale of the leaf as well as of suitable observations to constrain and evaluate regional or even global simulation results add large uncertainties to past, present and future estimates of quantity and variability of isoprene emissions. Model intercomparison experiments, which for isoprene have not been performed before, can help to identify areas of largest uncertainty as well as important commonalities. Focusing on present-day climate conditions, we compare three global isoprene models that differ in their representation of vegetation and isoprene emission algorithm, with the aim to investigate the degree of between- vs. within model variation that is introduced by varying some of the models' main features, and to determine which spatial and/or temporal features are robust between models and different experimental set-ups. In their individual standard configurations, the models broadly agree with respect to the chief isoprene sources, emission seasonality, and interannual variability. However, the models are all quite sensitive to changes in one or more of their main model components and drivers (e.g., underlying vegetation fields, climate input) which can yield a strong increase or decrease in total annual emissions and seasonal patterns to a degree that cannot be reconciled with today's understanding of isoprene atmospheric chemistry. A careful adaptation of individual isoprene model components is therefore required when simulations are to be performed using non-standard model-configurations.
Impacts of global, regional, and sectoral black carbon emission reductions on surface air quality and human mortality
Authors: Anenberg S. C. , Talgo K. , Arunachalam S. , Dolwick P. , Jang C. , West J. J.
Published: April 2011

Abstract. As a component of fine particulate matter (PM2.5), black carbon (BC) is associated with premature human mortality. BC also affects climate by absorbing solar radiation and reducing planetary albedo. Several studies have examined the climate impacts of BC emissions, but the associated health impacts have been studied less extensively. Here, we examine the surface PM2.5 and premature mortality impacts of halving anthropogenic BC emissions globally, from eight world regions, and from three major economic sectors. We use a global chemical transport model, MOZART-4, to simulate PM2.5 concentrations and a health impact function to calculate premature cardiopulmonary and lung cancer deaths. We estimate that halving global anthropogenic BC emissions reduces outdoor population-weighted average PM2.5 by 542 ng m−3 (1.8%) and avoids 157 000 (95% confidence interval, 120 000–194 000) annual premature deaths globally, with the vast majority occurring within the source region. While most of these avoided deaths can be achieved by halving East Asian emissions (54%), followed by South Asian emissions (31%), South Asian emissions have 50% greater mortality impacts per unit BC emitted than East Asian emissions. Globally, the contribution of residential, industrial, and transportation BC emissions to PM2.5-related mortality is 1.3, 1.2, and 0.6 times each sector's contribution to anthropogenic BC emissions, owing to the degree of co-location with population. Impacts of residential BC emissions are underestimated since indoor PM2.5 exposure is excluded. We estimate ~8 times more avoided deaths when BC and organic carbon (OC) emissions are halved together, suggesting that these results greatly underestimate the full air pollution-related mortality benefits of BC mitigation strategies which generally decrease both BC and OC. Confidence in our results would be strengthened by reducing uncertainties in emissions, model parameterization of aerosol processes, grid resolution, and PM2.5 concentration-mortality relationships globally.
Histology of Damaged Acetabular Cartilage in Symptomatic Femoroacetabular Impingement: An Observational Analysis
Authors: Kohl Sandro , Hosalkar Harish S. , Mainil-Varlet P. , Krueger Andreas , Buechler Lorenz , Siebenrock Klaus
Published: April 2011

This prospective study on symptomatic adult patients with femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) who underwent open surgical intervention for management was designed to identify any obvious histological differences in the damaged acetabular cartilage within different subgroups of FAI. 20 patients underwent surgical intervention following safe surgical dislocation of the hip. There were 6 cases of cam impingement, 5 cases of pincer impingement and 9 of the mixed type. Pincer impingement cases demonstrated a characteristic focal, well-circumscribed and localized area of severe damage. On the other hand, cases with cam impingement showed a diffuse area of involvement affecting a larger surface of the acetabular cartilage, with degenerative changes, superficial erosions and some discontinuities. A small biopsy specimen of the acetabular rim including bone, cartilage and labrum from the affected zone was obtained in all cases. Histological evaluation was performed under normal and polarized light microscopy. Histological findings helped corroborate the pre-operative diagnosis and also define the unique nature of impingement and specific damage according to the type of impingement.
The Comparative Study of the Effectiveness of Cimetidine, Ranitidine, Famotidine, and Omeprazole in Treatment of Children with Dyspepsia
Authors: Dehghani Seyed Mohsen , Imanieh Mohammad Hadi , Oboodi Roya , Haghighat Mahmood
Published: April 2011

Background. Functional dyspepsia is a common chronic disorder with non specific upper abdominal pain or discomfort. Different approaches with anti-secretory, spasmolytic, prokinetic and anti-inflammatory effects and most preferably reduction of visceral hypersensitivity seem logical. In this study, we compared the effectiveness of the four most drugs used for treatment of dyspepsia in children. Methods. 169 patients between 2 to 16 years old that 47.3% was male and 52.7% was female were enrolled in this clinical trial study by the diagnosis of functional dyspepsia. Then for each patient one of the drugs; Omeprazole, Famotidine, Ranitidine or Cimetidine was administered, for a period of 4 weeks. Patients were followed after 2 and 6 weeks from the beginning of the treatment. Results. The distribution of drugs between these patients were including; 21.9% with Cimetidine, 21.3% with Famotidine, 30.8% with Omeperazole and 26% with Ranitidine that the proportion of patients with all symptoms relief were: 21.6% for Cimetidine, 44.4% for Famotidine, 53.8% for Omeprazole and 43.2% for Cimetidine (). In followups within 2 and 6 weeks after beginning medical therapy, no side effects due to drugs were seen. Conclusion. If a cure is defined as all symptoms relief after a period of 4 weeks treatment, our findings showed that Omeperazole are superior to Ranitidine, Famotidine, and Cimetidine for management of functional dyspepsia.
Evaluating intra‐fractional tumor motion in lung stereotactic radiotherapy with deep inspiration breath‐hold
Authors: Fu Weihua , Zhang Yongqian , Mehta Kiran , Chen Alex , Musunuru Hima Bindu , Pucci Pietro , Kubis Jason , Huq M. Saiful
Published: May 2024

Purpose

To evaluate the intra‐fractional tumor motion in lung stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) with deep inspiration breath‐hold (DIBH), and to investigate the adequacy of the current planning target volume (PTV) margins.

Methods

Twenty‐eight lung SBRT patients with DIBH were selected in this study. Among the lesions, twenty‐three were at right or left lower lobe, two at right middle lobe, and three at right or left upper lobe. Post‐treatment gated cone‐beam computed tomography (CBCT) was acquired to quantify the intra‐fractional tumor shift at each treatment. These obtained shifts were then used to calculate the required PTV margin, which was compared with the current applied margin of 5 mm margin in anterior‐posterior (AP) and right‐left (RL) directions and 8 mm in superior‐inferior (SI) direction. The beam delivery time was prolonged with DIBH. The actual beam delivery time with DIBH (Tbeam_DIBH) was compared with the beam delivery time without DIBH (Tbeam_wo_DIBH) for the corresponding SBRT plan.

Results

A total of 113 treatments were analyzed. At six treatments (5.3%), the shifts exceeded the tolerance defined by the current PTV margin. The average shifts were 0.0 ± 1.9 mm, 0.1±1.5 mm, and ‐0.5 ± 3.7 mm in AP, RL, and SI directions, respectively. The required PTV margins were determined to be 4.5, 3.9, and 7.4 mm in AP, RL, and SI directions, respectively. The average Tbeam_wo_DIBH and Tbeam_DIBH were 2.4 ± 0.4 min and 3.6 ± 1.5 min, respectively. The average treatment slot for lung SBRT with DIBH was 25.3 ± 7.9 min.

Conclusion

Intra‐fractional tumor motion is the predominant source of treatment uncertainties in CBCT‐guided lung SBRT with DIBH. The required PTV margin should be determined based on data specific to each institute, considering different techniques and populations. Our data indicate that our current applied PTV margin is adequate, and it is possible to reduce further in the RL direction. The time increase of Tbeam_DIBH, relative to the treatment slot, is not clinically significant.
Combating false information in military situations: Striking the right balance between continued influence effect and overcorrection
Authors: Laurent Victor , Kosinski Thierry , Rusinek Stéphane
Published: May 2024

False information (FI) is a critical issue for the military, and correction is a common strategy to counteract its influence. However, literature questions the potential of correction to fully restore optimal reasoning. Some studies suggest an overcorrection effect, aligning attitudes excessively with the correction, while others highlight the continued influence effect (CIE), where attitudes persist in alignment with FI. This research aimed to examine the effect of an FI correction within military scenarios. A total of 61 participants read four military scenarios designed to simulate decision‐making, followed by an assessment of their inferential reasoning. Two of the scenarios presented FI which was later retracted, and the two remaining scenarios did not. The results did not reveal any evidence of the CIE, but an overcorrection effect emerged in decision‐making. The study underscores an underestimated threat in countering misinformation. The theoretical and practical implications are discussed.
Green, Biodegradable, and Flexible Resistive Heaters‐Based Upon a Novel Laser‐Induced Graphene Manufacturing Process
Authors: Morais Rogério Miranda , Vieira Douglas Henrique , Ozório Maiza da Silva , Nogueira Gabriel Leonardo , Rollo Andrew , Kettle Jeff , Alves Neri
Published: May 2024

Laser induced graphene (LIG), prepared directly with an in situ synthesis method onto Kraft Paper substrates, is proposed for the manufacture of biodegradable electronic devices. The investigation explores the influence of laser power and scanning speed on the properties of LIG conductive tracks and a sheet resistance of up to 0.25 kΩ sq−1. Raman spectroscopy and microscopy is used to analyse the interfacial properties, in particular the transition of cellulose fibers to carbonized graphene flakes through photothermal pyrolysis, leading to the formation of coral‐like structures. To demonstrate the applicability of the approach, flexible resistive heaters have been manufactured and tests show rapid heating with a homogeneous distribution and a maximum temperature of 145.5 °C. Additionally, an electro‐thermal conversion efficiency (hr+c) of 17.05 mW (°C cm2)−1 is achieved. Finally, a comparative Life Cycle Assessment with FR‐4 based electronics has been undertaken and the environmental impacts are calculated. The impact assessment shows a two magnitude lower impact on the environment for most categories, which suggests the approach is beneficial for the environment at a global production level. The results show that the photothermal pyrolysis of Kraft paper using a laser diode allows for low‐impact devices flexible and green electronics products.
USP25 Elevates SHLD2‐Mediated DNA Double‐Strand Break Repair and Regulates Chemoresponse in Cancer
Authors: Li Yunhui , Li Lei , Wang Xinshu , Zhao Fei , Yang Yuntong , Zhou Yujuan , Zhang Jiyuan , Wang Li , Jiang Zeshan , Zhang Yuanyuan , Chen Yuping , Wu Chenming , Li Ke , Zhang Tingting , Wang Ping , Mao Zhiyong , Zhu Weiguo , Xu Xingzhi , Liang Shikang , Lou Zhenkun , Yuan Jian
Published: May 2024

DNA damage plays a significant role in the tumorigenesis and progression of the disease. Abnormal DNA repair affects the therapy and prognosis of cancer. In this study, it is demonstrated that the deubiquitinase USP25 promotes non‐homologous end joining (NHEJ), which in turn contributes to chemoresistance in cancer. It is shown that USP25 deubiquitinates SHLD2 at the K64 site, which enhances its binding with REV7 and promotes NHEJ. Furthermore, USP25 deficiency impairs NHEJ‐mediated DNA repair and reduces class switch recombination (CSR) in USP25‐deficient mice. USP25 is overexpressed in a subset of colon cancers. Depletion of USP25 sensitizes colon cancer cells to IR, 5‐Fu, and cisplatin. TRIM25 is also identified, an E3 ligase, as the enzyme responsible for degrading USP25. Downregulation of TRIM25 leads to an increase in USP25 levels, which in turn induces chemoresistance in colon cancer cells. Finally, a peptide that disrupts the USP25‐SHLD2 interaction is successfully identified, impairing NHEJ and increasing sensitivity to chemotherapy in PDX model. Overall, these findings reveal USP25 as a critical effector of SHLD2 in regulating the NHEJ repair pathway and suggest its potential as a therapeutic target for cancer therapy.
Toxicities associated with tyrosine kinase inhibitor maintenance following allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation in Philadelphia chromosome‐positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Authors: Othman Tamer , Koller Paul , Tsai Ni‐Chun , Yang Dongyun , Pourhassan Hoda , Agrawal Vaibhav , Ngo Dat , Chen Jason , Farol Leonardo , Spielberger Ricardo , Sahebi Firoozeh , Al Malki Monzr M. , Cai Ji‐Lian , Sandhu Karamjeet S. , Mansour Joshua , Salhotra Amandeep , Ali Haris , Aribi Ahmed , Arslan Shukaib , Marcucci Guido , Forman Stephen J. , Stein Anthony S. , Nakamura Ryotaro , Pullarkat Vinod , Aldoss Ibrahim , Mei Matthew
Published: May 2024

Allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) offers a potential cure in Philadelphia chromosome‐positive (Ph+) acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL); nonetheless, relapses are common and the major cause of mortality. One strategy to prevent relapse is tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) maintenance post‐HCT, but published clinical experience is primarily with the first‐generation TKI imatinib while data with newer generation TKIs are limited. We conducted a retrospective analysis of 185 Ph+ ALL patients who underwent HCT followed by TKI maintenance from 2003 to 2021 at City of Hope. Initially, 50 (27.0%) received imatinib, 118 (63.8%) received a second‐generation TKI (2G‐TKI), and 17 (9.2%) received ponatinib. A total of 77 patients (41.6%) required a dose reduction of their initial TKI due to toxicity. Sixty‐six patients (35.7%) did not complete maintenance due to toxicity; 69 patients (37.3%) discontinued 1 TKI, and 11 (5.9%) discontinued 2 TKIs due to toxicity. Initial imatinib versus 2G‐TKI versus ponatinib maintenance was discontinued in 19 (38.0%) versus 68 (57.6%) versus 3 (17.6%) patients due to toxicity (p = .003), respectively. Patients on ponatinib as their initial TKI had a longer duration of TKI maintenance versus 2G‐TKI: 576.0 days (range, 72–921) versus 254.5 days (range, 3–2740; p = .02). The most common reasons for initial TKI discontinuation include gastrointestinal (GI) intolerance (15.1%), cytopenia (8.6%), and fluid retention (3.8%). The 5‐year overall survival and progression‐free survival for the total population were 78% and 71%, respectively. Our findings demonstrate the challenges of delivering post‐HCT TKI maintenance in a large real‐world cohort as toxicities leading to TKI interruptions, discontinuation, and dose reduction were common.
Advancements in dementia research, diagnostics, and care in Latin America: Highlights from the 2023 Alzheimer's Association International conference satellite symposium in Mexico City
Authors: Sosa Ana Luisa , Brucki Sonia MD , Crivelli Lucia , Lopera Francisco Javier , Acosta Daisy M , Acosta‐Uribe Juliana , Aguilar Diego , Aguilar‐Navarro Sara G , Allegri Ricardo F , Bertolucci Paulo HF , Calandri Ismael L , Carrillo Maria C , Mendez Patricio Alexis Chrem , Cornejo‐Olivas Mario , Custodio Nilton , Damian Andrés , de Souza Leonardo Cruz , Duran‐Aniotz Claudia , García Adolfo M , García‐Peña Carmen , Gonzales Mitzi M , Grinberg Lea T , Ibanez Agustin M , Illanes‐Manrique Maryenela Zaida , Jack Clifford R , Leon‐Salas Jorge Mario , Llibre‐Guerra Jorge J , Luna‐Muñoz José , Matallana Diana , Miller Bruce L , Naci Lorina , Parra Mario A , Pericak‐Vance Margaret , Piña‐Escudero Stefanie D , França Resende Elisa de Paula , Ringman John M , Sevlever Gustavo , Slachevsky Andrea , Suemoto Claudia Kimie , Valcour Victor , Villegas‐Lanau Andres , Yassuda Mônica S , Mahinrad Simin , Sexton Claire
Published: May 2024

INTRODUCTION

While Latin America (LatAm) is facing an increasing burden of dementia due to the rapid aging of the population, it remains underrepresented in dementia research, diagnostics, and care.

METHODS

In 2023, the Alzheimer's Association hosted its eighth satellite symposium in Mexico, highlighting emerging dementia research, priorities, and challenges within LatAm.

RESULTS

Significant initiatives in the region, including intracountry support, showcased their efforts in fostering national and international collaborations; genetic studies unveiled the unique genetic admixture in LatAm; researchers conducting emerging clinical trials discussed ongoing culturally specific interventions; and the urgent need to harmonize practices and studies, improve diagnosis and care, and use affordable biomarkers in the region was highlighted.

DISCUSSION

The myriad of topics discussed at the 2023 AAIC satellite symposium highlighted the growing research efforts in LatAm, providing valuable insights into dementia biology, genetics, epidemiology, treatment, and care.
Considerations for the use of the Informant Questionnaire on Cognitive Decline in the Elderly (IQCODE) in cross‐country comparisons of cognitive aging and dementia
Authors: Nichols Emma , Gross Alden L. , Zhang Yuan S. , Meijer Erik , Hayat Shabina , Steptoe Andrew , Langa Kenneth M. , Lee Jinkook
Published: May 2024

INTRODUCTION

Informant reports are a critical component of dementia diagnoses, but the comparability of informant reports across countries is not well understood.

METHODS

We compared the performance of the Informant Questionnaire on Cognitive Decline in the Elderly (IQCODE) using population‐representative surveys in the United States (N = 3183), England (N = 1050), and India (N = 4047).

RESULTS

Analyses of regression splines and comparisons of model fit showed strong associations between IQCODE and objective cognition at low cognitive functioning in the United States and England; in India, the association was weaker but consistent over the range of cognition. Associations between IQCODE score and informant generation (analysis of variance [ANOVA] p = 0.001), caregiver status (p < 0.001), and years known by the informant (p = 0.015) were different across countries after adjusting for objective cognition.

DISCUSSION

In India, the IQCODE was less sensitive to impairments at the lowest levels of cognitive functioning. Country‐specific adjustments to IQCODE scoring based on informant characteristics may improve cross‐national comparisons.

Highlights

Associations between IQCODE and cognitive testing were similar in the United States and England but differed in India.

In India, the IQCODE may be less sensitive to impairments among those with low cognition and no education.

Informant characteristics may differentially impact informant reports of decline across countries.

Adjustments or culturally sensitive adaptations may improve cross‐national comparability.
Ultra‐Large Two‐Dimensional Metal Nanowire Networks by Microfluidic Laminar Flow Synthesis for Formic Acid Electrooxidation
Authors: Zhang Dongtang , Bu Jiahui , Dou Xiangnan , Yan Yong , Liu Qiqi , Wang Xiayan , Sun Zaicheng , Guo Guangsheng , Zheng Kun , Deng Jiguang
Published: May 2024

Despite the great research interest in two‐dimensional metal nanowire networks (2D MNWNs) due to their large specific surface area and abundance of unsaturated coordination atoms, their controllable synthesis still remains a significant challenge. Herein, a microfluidics laminar flow‐based approach is developed, enabling the facile preparation of large‐scale 2D structures with diverse alloy compositions, such as PtBi, AuBi, PdBi, PtPdBi, and PtAuCu alloys. Remarkably, these 2D MNWNs can reach sizes up to submillimeter scale (~220 μm), which is significantly larger than the evolution from the 1D or 3D counterparts that typically measure only tens of nanometers. The PdBi 2D MNWNs affords the highest specific activity for formic acid (2669.1 mA mg−1) among current unsupported catalysts, which is 103.5 times higher than Pt‐black, respectively. Furthermore, in situ Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) experiments provide comprehensive evidence that PdBi 2D MNWNs catalysts can effectively prevent CO* poisoning, resulting in exceptional activity and stability for the oxidation of formic acid.
Highly selective and sensitive fluorescent probes for nitrofurazone and Hg2+ by two Zn (II)‐based coordination polymers
Authors: Wu Yu , Verma Tushar , Lai Chuan , Ray Manaswini , Muddassir Mohd. , Wu Weiping , Mohanty Aurobinda
Published: May 2024

The self‐assembly of the π‐conjugated 1,4‐di(1H‐imidazol‐1‐yl)benzene (dib) and 4,4′‐di(1H‐imidazol‐1‐yl)‐1,1′‐biphenyl (dibp) ligands together with 4′‐(3,4‐ dicarboxylphenyloxy)‐4‐biphenylcarboxylic acid (H3L) reacts with metal Zn (II) salts to construct two new coordination polymers (CPs), namely [Zn (dib)(HL)(H2O)] (1) and [Zn (dibp)(HL)] (2). Fluorescence measurements reveal that 1 and 2 could display a highly sensitive fluorescence response toward Hg2+ and nitrofurazone (NFZ). Fluorescence investigations suggest that 1 and 2 are promising multi‐responsive sensing materials for detecting Hg2+ and NFZ through fluorescence quenching (turn‐off). The limits of detection toward Hg2+ ions are 0.221 μM and 0.124 μM, while the limits of detection toward NFZ are 0.757 μM and 0.960 for 1 and 2, respectively. Interestingly, these Hg2+ and NFZ selective sensing processes can even be completed by the reusable CPs detected by the naked eyes. Hirshfeld surfaces and fingerprint plots are extensively used to investigate intermolecular interactions, which play a crucial role in creating diverse supramolecular designs that can be compared.
Growing sabers: Mandibular shape and biomechanical performance trajectories during the ontogeny of Smilodon fatalis
Authors: Chatar Narimane , Boman Romain , Fischer Valentin , Segura Valentina , Julémont Clara , Tseng Z. Jack
Published: May 2024

The evolution of organisms can be studied through the lens of developmental systems, as the timing of development of morphological features is an important aspect to consider when studying a phenotype. Such data can be challenging to obtain in fossil amniotes owing to the scarcity of their fossil record. However, the numerous remains of Rancho La Brea allow a detailed study of the postnatal changes in an extinct sabertoothed felid: Smilodon fatalis. Despite numerous previous studies on the ontogeny of Smilodon, an important question remained open: how did the cubs of Smilodon acquire and process food? By applying 3D geometric morphometrics and finite element analyses to 49 mandibles at various developmental stages (22 of S. fatalis, 23 of Panthera leo, and 4 of early diverging felids), we assess the changes in mandibular shape and performance during growth. Both lions and sabertooths exhibit a shift in mandibular shape, aligning with eruption of the lower carnassial. This marks the end of weaning in lions and suggests a prolonged weaning period in S. fatalis owing to its delayed eruption sequence. We also highlight distinct ontogenetic trajectories, with S. fatalis undergoing more postnatal mandibular shape changes. Finally, although S. fatalis appears more efficient than P. leo at performing an anchor bite, this efficiency is acquired through ontogeny and at a quite late age. The delayed shape change compared with P. leo and the low biting efficiency during the growth in Smilodon could indicate an extended duration of the parental care compared with P. leo.
Life outside the LINC complex – Do SUN proteins have LINC‐independent functions?
Authors: Belaadi Nejma , Guilluy Christophe
Published: May 2024

Sad1 and UNC84 (SUN) and Klarsicht, ANC‐1, and Syne homology (KASH) proteins interact at the nuclear periphery to form the linker of nucleoskeleton and cytoskeleton (LINC) complex, spanning the nuclear envelope (NE) and connecting the cytoskeleton with the nuclear interior. It is now well‐documented that several cellular functions depend on LINC complex formation, including cell differentiation and migration. Intriguingly, recent studies suggest that SUN proteins participate in cellular processes where their association with KASH proteins may not be required. Building on this recent research, we elaborate on the hypothesis that SUN proteins may perform LINC‐independent functions and discuss the modalities that may allow SUN proteins to function at the INM when they are not forming LINC complex.
Fabrication of Nanocatalytic Medicine from Self‐Assembling Peptides Containing an ATCUN‐Like Copper‐Binding Motif for Anticancer Therapy
Authors: Zhang Wenhui , Tian Xin , Li Xinming
Published: May 2024

Development of nanomaterials with multiple enzymatic activities via a facile approach receives growing interests in recent years. Although peptide self‐assembling provides an effective approach for the construction of biomimetic materials in recent years, fabrication of artificial enzymes from self‐assembling peptides with multiple catalytic activities for anticancer therapy is still a challenge. Here, we report a simple method to prepare nanocatalysts with multienzyme‐like activities from self‐assembling peptides containing ATCUN copper‐binding motifs. With the aid of the coordination interactions between the ATCUN motif and Cu(II) ions, these peptides could perform supramolecular self‐assembly to form nanomaterials with biomimetic peroxidase, ascorbate oxidase and glutathione peroxidase activities. Moreover, these trienzyme‐like effects can elevate oxidative stress levels and suppress the antioxidative capability of cancer cells, which synergistically induce the apoptosis of cancer cells. Because of the high biocompatibility, catalytic activities and drug encapsulation properties, this self‐assembled peptide provides a biomimetic platform for the development of new nanocatalytic medicines for multimodal synergistic cancer therapies.
Construction of Multiply Guaranteed DNA Sensors for Biological Sensing and Bioimaging Applications
Authors: Wang Hong , Zou Hanyan , Wang Fuan
Published: May 2024

Nucleic acids exhibit exceptional functionalities for both molecular recognition and catalysis, along with the capability of predictable assembly through strand displacement reactions. The inherent programmability and addressability of DNA probes enable their precise, on‐demand assembly and accurate execution of hybridization, significantly enhancing target detection capabilities. Decades of research in DNA nanotechnology have led to advances in the structural design of functional DNA probes, resulting in increasingly sensitive and robust DNA sensors. Moreover, increasing attention has been devoted to enhancing the accuracy and sensitivity of DNA‐based biosensors by integrating multiple sensing procedures. In this review, we summarize various strategies aimed at enhancing the accuracy of DNA sensors. These strategies involve multiple guarantee procedures, utilizing dual signal output mechanisms, and implementing sequential regulation methods. Our goal is to provide new insights into the development of more accurate DNA sensors, ultimately facilitating their widespread application in clinical diagnostics and assessment.
Aggregation of N‐Heteropolycyclic Aromatic Molecules: The Acridine Dimer and Trimer
Authors: Germer Stefan , Bauer Marco , Hübner Olaf , Dreuw Andreas , Himmel Hans‐Jörg
Published: May 2024

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and their nitrogen‐substituted analogues are of great interest for various applications in organic electronics. The performance of such devices is determined not only by the properties of the single molecules, but also by the structure of their aggregates, which often form via self‐aggregation. Gaining insight into such aggregation processes is a challenging task, but crucial for a fine‐tuning of the materials properties. In this work, an efficient approach for the generation and characterisation of aggregates is described, based on matrix‐isolation experiments and quantum‐chemical calculations. This approach is exemplified for aggregation of acridine. The acridine dimer and trimer are thoroughly analysed on the basis of experimental and calculated UV and IR absorption spectra, which agree well with each other. Thereby a novel structure of the acridine dimer is found, which disagrees with a previously reported one. The calculations also show the changes from excitonic coupling towards orbital interactions between two molecules with decreasing distance to each other. In addition, a structure of the trimer is determined. Finally, an outlook is given on how even higher aggregates can be made accessible through experiment.
Cover Feature: Homogeneous Catalyzed Direct Conversion of Furfural to Gamma‐Valerolactone (ChemSusChem 11/2024)
Authors: Koranchalil Sakhitha , Lobo Justo Pinheiro Danielle , Padilla Rosa , Nielsen Martin
Published: May 2024

Invited for this issue's cover is the group of Martin Nielsen at the Technical University of Denmark. The image shows the chemical components of lignocellulose and the transformation of hemicellulose to GVL via furfural. The Research Article itself is available at 10.1002/cssc.202301608.