bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
One electron less or one proton more: how do they differ?
Authors: van Huizen Nick A. , Holmes John L. , Burgers Peter C.
Published: November 2019

From the NIST website and the literature, we have collected the Ionisation Energies (IE) of 3,052 and the Proton Affinities (PA) of 1,670 compounds. For 614 of these, both the IE and PA are known; this enables a study of the relationships between these quantities for a wide variety of molecules. From the IE and PA values, the hydrogen atom affinities (HA) of molecular ions M•+ may also be assessed. The PA may be equated to the heterolytic bond energy of [MH]+ and HA to the homolytic bond energy. Plots of PA versus IE for these substances show (in agreement with earlier studies) that, for many families of molecules, the slope of the ensuing line is less negative than −1, i.e. changes in the PA are significantly less than the concomitant opposite changes in IE. At one extreme (high PA, low IE) are the metals, their oxides and hydroxides, which show a slope of close to −1, at the other extreme (low PA, high IE) are the hydrogen halides, methyl halides and noble gases, which show a slope of ca. −0.3; other molecular categories show intermediate behaviour. One consequence of a slope less negative than −1 is that the changes in ionic enthalpies of the protonated species more closely follow the changes in the enthalpies of the neutral molecules compared with changes in the ion enthalpies of the corresponding radical cations. This is consistent with findings from ab initio calculations from the literature that the incoming proton, once attached to the molecule, may retain a significant amount of its charge. These collected data allow a comparison of the thermodynamic stability of protonated molecules in terms of their homolytic or heterolytic bond cleavages. Protonated nitriles are particularly stable by virtue of the very large hydrogen atom affinities of their radical cations.
Improved MALDI‐MS method for the highly sensitive and reproducible detection of biomarker peaks for the proteotyping of Salmonella serotypes
Authors: Fukuyama Yuko , Ojima‐Kato Teruyo , Nagai Satomi , Shima Keisuke , Funatsu Shinji , Yamada Yoshihiro , Tamura Hiroto , Nomura Shizuo , Ogata Koretsugu , Sekiya Sadanori , Iwamoto Shinichi , Tanaka Koichi
Published: November 2019

The rapid identification and classification of pathogenic microorganisms, including Salmonella enterica, is important for the surveillance and prevention of foodborne diseases. Matrix‐assisted laser desorption\ionization time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry (MALDI‐TOFMS) has been shown to be an effective tool for the rapid identification of microorganisms. In a previous report, a mass database consisting of 12 biomarker proteins, S8, L15, L17, L21, L25, S7, superoxide dismutase (SodA), peptidylprolyl cis‐trans isomerase C, Gns, YibT, YaiA, and YciF, was introduced for the serotyping of S. enterica via MALDI‐MS (Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, 2017, 101, 8557‐8569). However, the reproducibility of peak detection of biomarkers such as SodA at m\z 23 000 was poor. We report here an optimized MALDI‐MS method for detecting these biomarkers with high sensitivity and reproducibility. The issue was solved by controlling the bacterial concentration at 1 × 10 to 1 × 102 MFU (3 × 106 to 3 × 107 CFU\μL, as calculated from the MFU), using the colony suspension supernatant obtained by centrifugation, and using matrix additives such as methylenediphosphonic acid and N‐decyl‐β‐D‐maltopyranoside. We propose that the method including the above steps is one of the best for detecting biomarkers with high sensitivity and reproducibility.
The effect of being diagnosed with human papillomavirus infection on women's sexual lives
Authors: Alay Ismail , Kaya Cihan , Karaca Ibrahim , Yildiz Sukru , Baghaki Sema , Cengiz Huseyin , Ekin Murat , Yasar Levent
Published: November 2019

Problem

Objective studies that use validated questionnaires are needed to evaluate the changes in the sexual functions of women diagnosed with human papillomavirus (HPV) infection.

Method of Study

The study comprised 80 sexually active women diagnosed with a high‐risk HPV infection. These patients were divided into four groups as follows: group 1, HPV 16/18‐positive and normal cytology; group 2, HPV 16/18‐positive and abnormal cytology; group 3, non‐16/18 HPV‐positive and abnormal cytology; and group 4, non‐16/18 HPV‐positive and normal cytology. The sexual functions and anxiety statuses of the patients were assessed via the Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI) and Beck anxiety inventory (BAI) questionnaires, respectively, at their first clinical visits and then 2 months later.

Results

There was no statistically significant difference among the study groups in terms of the overall FSFI and domain sub‐scores at either of the visits. Women who tested positive for the high‐risk HPV 16/18 strains had a significantly less sexual desire after being informed about the test results. Those with HPV 16/18 and normal cytology had significantly higher anxiety levels at their second than first visits. The BAI scores of the HPV 16/18‐positive women (normal or abnormal cytology) at the second visit were significantly higher than those of non‐16/18 HPV‐positive women with normal cytology. There was no significant difference between the patients with normal and abnormal cytology results regarding the difference of BAI, overall and domain FSFI sub‐scores at the first and second visits. The desire and lubrication domain scores of the HPV 16/18‐positive patients significantly decreased after the first visit compared with those of the non‐16/18 HPV‐positive patients.

Conclusion

HPV 16/18 positivity decreases women's total FSFI and desire domain sub‐scores.
Analysis of genome sequence and trehalose lipid production peculiarities of the thermotolerant Gordonia strain
Authors: Delegan Yanina , Sargsyan Armen , Hovhannisyan Nelli , Babayan Bella , Petrikov Kirill , Vainstein Mikhail
Published: November 2019

Gordoniae are one of the most promising hydrocarbon‐oxidizing actinobacteria. Here we present the genome sequence analysis of thermotolerant strain Gordonia sp. 1D isolated from oil‐refinery soil. It is capable of alkane consumption and biosurfactant production at temperatures of up to 50°C. Gordonia sp. 1D demonstrates maximum biosurfactant production when grown on hexadecane, and at 40°C it was slightly higher than at 27°C: 35 and 39 mN/m, respectively. For the first time, it was experimentally confirmed that the carbohydrate component of extracellular biosurfactants produced by strain 1D is trehalose. In addition, genes for the production of trehalose lipid biosurfactants were identified. The genetic determinants for two different pathways for trehalose synthesis were found. The strain carries genes otsA and otsB involved in de novo trehalose biosynthesis. Moreover, the genes treY and treZ responsible for trehalose biosynthesis from maltooligosaccharides and starch or glycogen were identified.
Hiding Without Cover? Defining Elk Security in a Beetle‐Killed Forest
Authors: Lowrey Blake , Devoe Jesse , Proffitt Kelly M. , Garrott Robert A.
Published: November 2019

Recent mountain pine beetle (Dendroctonus ponderosae; pine beetle) outbreaks in the western United States have affected nearly 18 million ha of pine (Pinusspp.) forest and are unprecedented in spatial extent, severity, and duration, yet little is known about wildlife responses to large‐scale insect outbreaks. Elk (Cervus canadensis) are important wildlife whose dominant management paradigm on public lands has focused on providing security habitat to increase survival during hunting seasons and to maintain elk presence on public lands to promote hunter opportunity. To assess the effect of pine beetles and associated changes in forest structure on elk security, we used a time series to characterize canopy cover pre‐ and post‐pine beetle outbreak, characterized relative canopy cover among the dominant forest types in the study area post‐pine beetle outbreak, and used global positioning system location data from male and female elk to define habitat relationships and security during the archery and rifle hunting seasons. Our study area was within the Elkhorn Mountains of southwest Montana, USA, 2015–2017, which experienced 80% mortality of lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta) forests during a pine beetle outbreak that peaked in 2008. We observed an 8.5% reduction in canopy cover within pine beetle‐infested lodgepole pine forests, yet canopy cover remained relatively high among other forest types post‐outbreak. The top‐ranked habitat security models contained positive relationships with canopy cover, distance to motorized routes, terrain ruggedness, and slope with few notable differences among sexes and seasons. Across sexes and seasons, 75% and 50% of elk use was within areas with average canopy cover values ≥31 ± 6.65 (SD)% and ≥53 ± 5.7% that were an average of ≥2,072 ± 187.93 m and ≥3,496 ± 157.32 m from a motorized route, respectively. Therefore, we recommend fall elk security be defined as areas that meet these criteria for minimum canopy cover and distance from motorized routes in the Elkhorn Mountains and in other landscapes with similar forest characteristics and hunting pressures. Although we observed expected reductions in canopy cover within pine beetle‐infested forests, defoliation alone did not appear to negatively affect elk security or reduce canopy cover below our management recommendations. Nonetheless, because of the prevalence of standing dead trees in our study area, we recommend future work that investigates the relationships with pine beetle‐infested areas post‐blowdown because changes in ground structure and costs of locomotion may affect elk habitat and security. © 2019 The Authors.Journal of Wildlife Managementpublished by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of The Wildlife Society.
Recombinant Spider Silk–Silica Hybrid Scaffolds with Drug‐Releasing Properties for Tissue Engineering Applications
Authors: Kumari Sushma , Bargel Hendrik , Scheibel Thomas
Published: November 2019

Fabricating biomaterials with antimicrobial activity to prevent the growth of detrimental microorganisms is of great scientific and practical interest. Here, composite materials comprising recombinant spider silk proteins and mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSN) loaded with selected antibiotics and antimycotics are fabricated into films and hydrogels. The derived composite materials exhibit excellent antimicrobial properties with sustained release of antibiotics over the course of 15 days. Furthermore, antibiotics/antimycotics inclusion does not impair the cytocompatibility of the composite materials, all of which promote fibroblast cell adhesion and proliferation. Finally, processing of spider silk–MSN composite hydrogels using 3D printing is shown to enable the fabrication of patient‐specific antimicrobial implants to prevent infection in the near future.
Adaptive multi‐index collocation for uncertainty quantification and sensitivity analysis
Authors: Jakeman John D. , Eldred Michael S. , Geraci Gianluca , Gorodetsky Alex
Published: November 2019

In this paper, we present an adaptive algorithm to construct response surface approximations of high‐fidelity models using a hierarchy of lower fidelity models. Our algorithm is based on multi‐index stochastic collocation and automatically balances physical discretization error and response surface error to construct an approximation of model outputs. This surrogate can be used for uncertainty quantification (UQ) and sensitivity analysis (SA) at a fraction of the cost of a purely high‐fidelity approach. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our algorithm on a canonical test problem from the UQ literature and a complex multiphysics model that simulates the performance of an integrated nozzle for an unmanned aerospace vehicle. We find that, when the input‐output response is sufficiently smooth, our algorithm produces approximations that can be over two orders of magnitude more accurate than single fidelity approximations for a fixed computational budget.
Charitable bequest importance among donors to different types of charities
Authors: Lehman Jennifer , James Russell N.
Published: November 2019

This paper explores differences in the self‐rated importance of charitable estate giving depending upon the type of charitable cause a person donates to during life. One theoretical motivation for lifetime giving is to personally enjoy benefits from improving a shared collective good. However, this motivation is not possible for bequests. Bequest transfers and resulting improvements occur after personal enjoyment of benefits is no longer possible. This paper hypothesizes that among donors to high personal benefit causes (those typically creating shared goods benefitting donors), interest in a charitable bequest (which offers no opportunity for receiving such benefits) will be relatively less than among donors to low personal benefit causes. In order to explore this, each charity type is categorized as providing high, low, or mixed personal benefits from shared collective goods. This hypothesis receives mixed support. Donors to international relief organizations, a low personal benefit charity type, do place a higher importance on charitable bequests than do donors to shared‐goods type causes such as neighborhood associations, service clubs, sports leagues, or “other” charities, including those focused on local public safety and crime. However, donors to arts organizations—a classic example of donors creating a shared good—have a relatively high interest in charitable bequests. One important exception to the exclusion of postmortem personal benefits could come from religious belief. Accordingly, donors to religious causes do place a higher importance on charitable bequests.
Investigating the stability of dengue virus envelope protein dimer using well‐tempered metadynamics simulations
Authors: Zhang Haiping , Lim Eric J. K. , Lu Lanyuan
Published: November 2019

We explored the stability of the dengue virus envelope (E) protein dimer since it is widely assumed that the E protein dimer is stabilized by drug ligands or antibodies in an acidic environment, neutralizing the virus's ability to fuse with human cells. During this process, a large conformational change of the E protein dimer is required. We performed Molecular Dynamics simulations to mimic the conformational change and stability of the dimer in neutral and acidic conditions with the well‐tempered metadynamics method. Furthermore, as a few neutralizing antibodies discovered from dengue patients were reported, we used the same simulation method to examine the influence of a selected antibody on the dimer stability in both neutral and acidic conditions. We also investigated the antibody's influence on a point‐mutated E protein that had been reported to interrupt the protein‐antibody interaction and result in more than 95% loss of the antibody's binding ability. Our simulation results are highly consistent with the experimental conclusion that binding of the antibody to the E protein dimer neutralizes the virus, especially in a low pH condition, while the mutation of W101A or N153A significantly reduces the antibody's ability in stabilizing the E protein dimer. We demonstrate that well‐tempered metadynamics can be used to accurately explore the antibody's interaction on large protein complexes such as the E protein dimer, and the computational approach in this work is promising in future antibody development.
Antifeedant, contact toxicity and oviposition deterrent effects of phyllostine acetate and phyllostine isolated from the endophytic fungus Diaporthe miriciae against Plutella xylostella larvae
Authors: Ratnaweera Pamoda B , M Jayasundara J M Nisansala , Herath H H M Suseema D , Williams David E , Rajapaksha Sasini U , Nishantha K M D W Prabath , de Silva E Dilip , Andersen Raymond J
Published: November 2019

BACKGROUND

Larvae of the diamond back moth (DBM), Plutella xylostella, are destructive cabbage pests causing economic losses worldwide. Continuous application of synthetic pesticides to control this pest has resulted in environmental pollution and resistant pest strains. Thus, there is a crucial need to seek natural alternatives with minimal detrimental effects. This study was designed to investigate the antifeedant activities of endophytic fungi of Cyperus iria and to determine the antifeedant, contact toxicity and oviposition deterrent activities of phyllostine acetate and phyllostine of the endophytic Diaporthe miriciae fungus.

RESULTS

Two cyclohexeneoxidediones, phyllostine acetate (1) and phyllostine (2), isolated from an ethyl acetate extract of D. miriciae exhibited strong antifeedant, contact toxicity, and oviposition deterrent activities against P. xylostella. Phyllostine acetate (1) and phyllostine (2) showed feeding deterrent indexes of 100% at 50 μg cm−2 in the no‐choice leaf disc assay and 50% feeding deterrence (DC50) values of 9 and 4.7 μg cm−2 respectively. The median lethal concentration (LC50) values of phyllostine acetate (1) and phyllostine (2) were 4.38 and 6.54 μg/larva in the contact toxicity assay. The oviposition deterrent indexes of the two compounds were 100% for phyllostine acetate (1) and 28.6% for phyllostine (2) at 50 μg cm−2.

CONCLUSION

Phyllostine acetate and phyllostine show promise as compounds for the control of P. xylostella. This study encourages further investigation of endophytic fungi of the family Cyperacea, for the development of natural pest control agents in agriculture. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
Acid‐activated nonviral peptide vector for gene delivery
Authors: Ji Kun , Xiao Yi , Zhang Wei
Published: November 2019

Nonviral vector–based gene therapy is a promising strategy for treating a myriad of diseases. Cell‐penetrating peptides are gaining increasing attention as vectors for nucleic acid delivery. However, most studies have focused more on the transfection efficiency of these vectors than on their specificity and toxicity. To obtain ideal vectors with high efficiency and safety, we constructed the vector stearyl‐TH by attaching a stearyl moiety to the N‐terminus of the acid‐activated cell penetrating peptide TH in this study. Under acidic conditions, stearyl‐TH could bind to and condense plasmids into nanoparticle complexes, which displayed significantly enhanced cellular uptake and transfection efficiencies. In contrast, stearyl‐TH lost the capacities of DNA binding and transfection at physiological pH. More importantly, stearyl‐TH and the complexes formed by stearyl‐TH and plasmids displayed no obvious toxicity at physiological pH. Consequently, the high transfection efficiency under acidic conditions and low toxicity make stearyl‐TH a potential nucleic acid delivery vector for gene therapy.
Auxeticity from the Folded Geometry: A Numerical Study
Authors: Chen Yu , Zulifqar Adeel , Hu Hong
Published: November 2019

The folded geometry has successfully been transformed into auxetic woven fabric in the literature. However, the influences of the microgeometric parameters on the macroscopic behavior have not been addressed yet. Herein, several key microgeometric parameters for the folded geometry are identified and the mechanical behaviors of the folded structure are preliminarily studied using the finite element method. The results show that the folded structure can be unfolded in both longitudinal and transverse directions when stretched and thus achieve a negative Poisson's ratio. More interestingly, another fantastic property of tension–bending coupling effect is found in the folded structure and a competition exists between the auxeticity and the tension–bending coupling effect. This is the first time to report a structure that can stimulatingly have the auxeticity and the tension–bending coupling effect. Due to the unique properties, the folded geometry is very promising in some important fields; for example, the textiles, civil engineering, and auto industry. The present work may provide a good guide for the design and application of the folded structure.
Two‐Particle Scattering and Resistivity of Rashba Electron Gas
Authors: Nagaev Kirill E.
Published: November 2019

The electrical resistivity of a 2D electron gas that results from two‐particle collisions and strong Rashba spin–orbit coupling is calculated. When combined with impurity scattering, the two‐particle correction to the resistivity is proportional to the square of temperature T if only the lower helicity band is filled, but the term vanishes if the Fermi level is above the Dirac point. If only the electron–electron scattering is present, the resistivity is proportional to below and above the Dirac point, but this term vanishes at the point itself. The results have implications for other systems with doubly‐connected Fermi surfaces.
High‐Purity Triggered Single‐Photon Emission from Symmetric Single InAs/InP Quantum Dots around the Telecom C‐Band Window
Authors: Musiał Anna , Holewa Paweł , Wyborski Paweł , Syperek Marcin , Kors Andrei , Reithmaier Johann Peter , Sęk Grzegorz , Benyoucef Mohamed
Published: November 2019

The authors demonstrate pure triggered single‐photon emission from quantum dots (QDs) around the telecommunication C‐band window, with characteristics preserved under non‐resonant excitation at saturation, that is, the highest possible, lifetime‐limited emission rates. The direct measurement of emission dynamics reveals photoluminescence decay times in the range of (1.7–1.8) ns corresponding to maximal photon generation rates exceeding 0.5 GHz. The measurements of the second‐order correlation function exhibit, for the best case, a lack of coincidences at zero time delay—no multiple photon events are registered within the experimental accuracy. This is achieved by exploiting a new class of low‐density and in‐plane symmetric InAs/InP QDs grown by molecular beam epitaxy on a distributed Bragg reflector, perfectly suitable for non‐classical light generation for quantum optics experiments and quantum‐secured fiber‐based optical communication schemes.
Intrapleural urokinase directly under medical thoracoscopy for the diagnosis of tuberculous pleurisy
Authors: Terashita Satoshi , Kawachi Hiroaki , Tajiri Tomoko , Noguchi Susumu , Ikeue Tatsuyoshi , Sugita Takakazu
Published: November 2019

Medical thoracoscopy, also called “local anesthetic thoracoscopy” and “pleuroscopy,” is a minimally invasive single‐port endoscopic technique that provides direct visualization of the pleural surfaces and channels to conduct diagnostic and therapeutic procedures. However, this technique is not helpful when substantial fibrous adhesions exist. We reported the first case of intrapleural urokinase directly under medical thoracoscopy for the diagnosis of malignant pleural mesothelioma with severe multiloculated pleural effusions in 2019. This is the second report regarding the efficacy of intrapleural urokinase directly under medical thoracoscopy for the diagnosis of multiloculated pleural effusions. Urokinase‐induced intrapleural fibrinolysis, which removed the fibrous septa, consequently improved the field of view under endoscopy within only 10 min. Fibrinolytic effect appeared very rapidly. This technique is available for tuberculous pleurisy with severe multiloculated pleural effusion.
Tracheal granular cell tumour presenting with throat discomfort
Authors: Nakagawara Kensuke , Sasaki Mamoru , Morinaga Shojiroh , Minematsu Naoto
Published: November 2019

Granular cell tumours (GCTs) are a rare form of neoplasm found throughout the body. Tracheobronchial involvement is less common. We describe a case of tracheal GCT in a 37‐year‐old Japanese woman presenting with throat discomfort. A tracheal tumour was found during laryngoscopy for undefined throat discomfort. Bronchoscopy demonstrated a white sub‐epithelial solitary nodule on the tracheal wall, and pathological examination of the biopsy samples confirmed GCT. No therapeutic procedures were performed, and the tumour is currently under strict observation. Throat discomfort is a rare presentation of tracheal tumours, but an early inspection using laryngoscopy and bronchoscopy may be helpful in determining an accurate diagnosis.
Development and applications of rescue robots for explosion accidents in coal mines
Authors: Li Yutan , Li Menggang , Zhu Hua , Hu Eryi , Tang Chaoquan , Li Peng , You Shaoze
Published: November 2019

It is essential to provide disaster relief assistance after coal mine explosions. Often, it is life‐threatening for rescuers to enter an accident scene blindly; therefore, a coal mine rescue robot (CMRR) has been developed. However, the application of the CMRR has not proven satisfactory after decades of development. To solve this problem, we summarize the reasons for this disappointing state and address the technical challenges of the CMRR. Based on these reasons and the associated technical challenges, two generations of tracked robots have been developed. The China University of Mining Technology‐V (CUMT‐V) (A) robot was first developed and its walking system, body support system, communication system, environmental awareness system, and control system are described in detail. A performance test was performed on the CUMT‐V (A) robot and some problems were encountered. To address these problems, we designed the CUMT‐V (B) robot. The field test was conducted in Shanxi province, China, in August 2016. The application results show that the robot has good adaptability to complex terrain and high reliability in terms of environmental awareness and data transmission. In conclusion, the robot is nearing practical applications.
One‐Pot Synthesis of Highly Fluorescent Poly(methacrylic acid)‐Capped Silver Nanoclusters for the Specific Detection of Iron(II)
Authors: Cao Xueling , Bai Yageng , Li Fei , Liu Faxian , Lu Shulai
Published: November 2019

This work presented an easy synthesis method for water‐soluble, green and fluorescent silver nanoclusters with poly (methacrylic acid) (AgNCs@PMAA) and preliminarily explored their ability to detect Fe2+ by measuring their fluorescence quenching. The acquired AgNCs@PMAA showed steady, selective, and highly sensitive detection of Fe2+. The Fe2+ detection limit for AgNCs@PMAA was 3 μM, and a linear relationship was observed at 5–150 μΜ ion concentration. AgNCs@PMAA had no biological toxicity and could be used for in vivo imaging and detection of iron ions. This fluorescence detection method based on novel nanomaterials exhibits future application in biolabeling, biosensing, and other purposes.
Do firms use corporate social responsibility to insure against stock price risk? Evidence from a natural experiment
Authors: Jia Yonghong , Gao Xinghua , Julian Scott
Published: November 2019

Research Summary

To examine whether firms use corporate social responsibility (CSR) to insure against stock price risk, we exploit an exogenous shock in stock price risk associated with Regulation SHO whereby the SEC randomly selected pilot firms for which the uptick restriction on short sales no longer applied. A difference‐in‐differences test reveals that pilot firms increased CSR more than nonpilot firms and that in particular they reduced CSR concerns and increased CSR that impacts stakeholders involved in direct resource exchange. We also find that pilot firm CSR reduced short positions against them and that the effect is stronger for CSR concerns and CSR that impacts directly connected stakeholders. Overall, we document a causal effect of stock price risk on managerial incentives to invest in CSR for risk management.

Managerial Summary

Corporate social responsibility has many purported benefits, one of which is that it can insure against the adverse stock price effects of negative events. But do managers purposefully use CSR in this way and do such investments provide intended insurance‐like benefits? By taking advantage of a natural experiment where a randomly selected set of pilot firms were exposed to elevated short‐sale risk unleashed by the SEC regulation, we find evidence that they do. Once the SEC initiated the regulatory change, firms that faced greater risk increased CSR more than firms that did not. In addition, increased CSR lowered short interests in pilot firms' stocks and this reduction is attributable to the insurance‐like effect of CSR rather than simply prevention of adverse events.

A video abstract is available at https://youtu.be/zajeSbhlwhc
Sequential MR Image‐Guided Local Immune Checkpoint Blockade Cancer Immunotherapy Using Ferumoxytol Capped Ultralarge Pore Mesoporous Silica Carriers after Standard Chemotherapy
Authors: Choi Bongseo , Jung Huijin , Yu Bo , Choi Hyunjun , Lee Joonseok , Kim Dong‐Hyun
Published: November 2019

Herein, ferumoxytol (Fer) capped antiprogrammed cell death‐ligand 1 (PD‐L1) antibodies (aPD‐L1) loaded ultralarge pore mesoporous silica nanoparticles (Fer‐ICB‐UPMSNPs) are formulated for a sequential magnetic resonance (MR) image guided local immunotherapy after cabazitaxel (Cbz) chemotherapy for the treatment of prostate cancer (PC). The highly porous framework of UPMSNP provides a large capacity for aPD‐L1. Fer capping of the pores extends the period of aPD‐L1 release and provides MR visibility of the aPD‐L1 loaded UPMSNP. As‐chosen Cbz chemotherapy prior to the local immunotherapy induces strong immunogenic cell death, dendritic cell maturation, and upregulation of PD‐L1 of tumor cells. Finally, tumor growth inhibition of sequential MR image‐guided local delivery of Fer‐ICB‐UPMSNPs and a tumor specific adoptive immune reaction are demonstrated in the pretreated Tramp C1 PC mouse model with Cbz chemotherapy. The tumor suppression is superior to those obtained with systemic ICB treatment after Cbz, only Fer‐ICB‐UPMSNP or only Cbz. As a proof‐of concept, MR image‐guided local ICB immunotherapy using Fer‐ICB‐UPMSNPs after chemotherapy suggests a new perspective of translational local immunotherapy for patients who are treated with standard chemotherapies.
Ermüdungsnachweis für Kranbahnträger nach Eurocode 3
Authors: Euler Mathias , Kuhlmann Ulrike
Published: November 2019

Im Gegensatz zu den üblichen Stahltragwerken des Hochbaus werden Kranbahnen nicht vorwiegend ruhend beansprucht (Ermüdungsgefahr). Ein wesentlicher Bestandteil dieser Tragwerke sind die Kranbahnträger, die Gegenstand dieses Beitrags sind und deren Ermüdungsfestigkeit i. d. R. nachzuweisen ist. Dieser Nachweis setzt besondere kranbahnspezifische Bemessungsregeln voraus, die über die allgemeinen Regeln des Stahlhochbaus in DIN EN 1993‐1‐1 hinausgehen und von DIN EN 1993‐6 zusammengefasst werden. Ein Überblick über die Grundlagen der Nachweisführung, die Ermüdungseinwirkungen, die Ermüdungsbeanspruchungen und die Ermüdungsnachweise wird gegeben, bevor abschließend einige neue Erkenntnisse zum Kerbfallkatalog im Hinblick auf kranbahnspezifische Konstruktionsdetails vorgestellt werden.
Decision learning framework for architecture design decisions of complex systems and system‐of‐systems
Authors: Raman Ramakrishnan , D'Souza Meenakshi
Published: November 2019

Architecting complex systems and complex system‐of‐systems (SoS) have evinced keen interest recently. Architectural design decisions have a significant bearing on the operational measures of success, referred to as Measures of Effectiveness (MOEs), of the systems and SoS. Architecting complex systems and SoS involves making architecture design decisions despite uncertainty (due to knowledge gaps) on the implications associated with the decisions. The learning of whether the decision is optimal or not, and the impact on the MOEs and the emergent behavior of the SoS, often occur later, resulting in Learning Cycles. This paper proposes an integrated decision learning framework for architecture design decisions for complex systems and SoS. The proposed framework adopts a decision oriented view that factors the uncertainty associated with architectural decisions and the learning cycles and feedback loops experienced. The framework enables leverage of machine learning approaches to learn from the decision learning cycles experienced and factor it into the uncertainty assessments of the decisions. By inculcating various aspects such as knowledge gaps and learning cycles, by building models such as Learning Cycle Model and Uncertainty Model, and by incorporating deployment approaches such as codification of decision attributes and decision uncertainty assessments, the proposed framework enables progressive maturity of the architectural knowledge base and aids robustness in architecture design decisions.
The toxic effects of Fluorene‐9‐bisphenol on porcine oocyte in vitro maturation
Authors: Jiao Xiaofei , Ding Zhiming , Meng Fei , Zhang Xiyu , Wang Yongsheng , Chen Fan , Duan Zequn , Wu Di , Zhang Shouxin , Miao Yiliang , Huo Lijun
Published: November 2019

Fluorene‐9‐bisphenol (9,9‐bis(4‐hydroxyphenyl)‐fluorene [BHPF]) is a bisphenol A (BPA) substitute used in the production of “BPA‐free” plastics, now has been identified is harmful to living organisms. Our previous study showed that BHPF impaired mouse denuded oocyte in vitro maturation. However, there is a question that whether BHPF is still able to affect oocyte maturation in the presence of dense cumulus cells. In the present study, we checked the toxic effects of BHPF on porcine oocyte maturation which is derived from COCs in vitro culture. Our results showed that BHPF (50 μM) inhibited the expansion of cumulus cells, led to a significant decrease in polar body extrusion (PBE). Importantly, BHPF resulted in abnormal spindle assembly, ATP level decrease, reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation and early apoptosis in porcine oocytes, which are all negative to oocyte maturation. Furthermore, BHPF also declined porcine oocyte quality by disturbing the cortical granules (CGs) distribution. In conclusion, our study showed that BHPF still inhibited oocyte maturation even in the presence of cumulus cells leading to abnormal spindle assembly, ATP decrease, increased ROS level, early apoptosis, and disturbed CGs distribution in porcine oocytes, and also indicates that BHPF has a wide range toxic effects on oocyte in different species.
Comparing methods of estimating carnivore diets with uncertainty and imperfect detection
Authors: Morin Dana J. , Higdon Summer D. , Lonsinger Robert C. , Gosselin Elyce N. , Kelly Marcella J. , Waits Lisette P.
Published: November 2019

Carnivore diet‐selection studies based on scat analyses are frequently used to elucidate predator ecology, predict potential effects on prey populations, and inform management decisions. However, accuracy of results and the following inference are contingent on multiple sources of sampling error including missed detections and pseudoreplication in statistical comparisons that assume independence within scat samples. We compared a repeated‐sampling occupancy framework intended to estimate detection and occurrence rates for diet items with a multinomial modeling approach intended to estimate diet selection while accounting for nonindependence of diet items within samples. Both methods allowed for multimodel inference to specifically test hypotheses about differences in diet. We applied each method to 2 example data sets, a bobcat (Lynx rufus) scat data set (n = 101) collected in western Virginia, USA, from 2011 to 2013 with morphological identification of diet items, and a coyote (Canis latrans) scat data set (n = 50) collected in Tooele County, Utah, USA, in 2014 with molecular identification of diet items, and compared results with those commonly implemented in diet studies (frequency of occurrence calculations). We found imperfect detection of diet items was not a major source of bias in either the morphological or molecular data set results, but grouping similar or indistinguishable diet items in the morphological data set affected estimates when there was heterogeneity in detection among items. Using the occupancy approach on the morphological data set demonstrated that presence or amount of some diet items could decrease detection of other items and bias occurrence estimates. Furthermore, comparing multiple models of bobcat diet using Akaike's Information Criterion with either approach revealed no support for seasonal differences, even though traditional frequency of occurrence calculations differed by almost 10%. Thus, we suggest even moderate trends in diet based on frequency of occurrence calculations without incorporating measures of uncertainty may represent sampling error, and not true differences in diet. When detection is not conditional on other diet items, comparison of multinomial models will typically be sufficient to make accurate inference about carnivore diets without requiring additional processing of scat samples. © 2019 The Wildlife Society.
How Economics Becomes Ideology: The Uses and Abuses of Rational Choice Theory
Authors: Blakely Jason
Published: November 2019

Rational choice theory is often presented as essential to the truly scientific study of economics. To the contrary, in this paper I argue that when rational choice is treated as the key to a science of human agency, it ensnares economics in certain intractable dilemmas. Drawing on hermeneutic philosophy, I argue that economists need to distinguish legitimate from illegitimate uses of rational choice theory. Failure to do so not only leads to self-defeating research goals, but also mires the discipline in an extreme form of free-market ideology. Economists thus have not only empirical but also ethical and political reasons for rejecting the mainstream deployment of rational choice. The paper concludes by briefly sketching a philosophically defensible use of rational choice in economics – one that is more sensitive to the expressive dimensions of human agency and the limits of mechanistic causality.
The Switch from Agency to Causation in Marx
Authors: Meikle Scott
Published: November 2019

This paper traces the shift from Marx’s labour theory of value to his later forms of value theory and attributes the change to Marx’s shift from agency to causation as the dominant dependent relationship in economic phenomena.
Introduction
Authors: Kapp Steven K.
Published: November 2019

This edited collection offers a historical overview of the autistic community and neurodiversity movement through first-hand accounts. While the awareness and impact of the movement have grown, apparent misunderstandings persist. Therefore, the editor introduces the neurodiversity movement, documenting concepts via the scientific literature, community activists and advocates, and the contributors themselves. This covers the terms neurodiversity and neurodiversity movement, the breadth of the movement, the rhetorical basis of its advocacy in neurological differences, its overlap with and divergence from the medical model, and its emphasis on self-advocacy. Then the introduction explains the approach to commissioning and editing contributing chapters, the historical background to the subject matter, and how the chapters fit into themes of gaining community, getting heard, and possibly entering the autism establishment.
Torture in the Name of Treatment: The Mission to Stop the Shocks in the Age of Deinstitutionalization
Authors: Neumeier Shain M. , Brown Lydia X. Z.
Published: November 2019

As autistic activists, Shain M. Neumeier and Lydia X. Z. Brown have been working to close the Judge Rotenberg Center in the US, which has engaged in some of the most egregious forms of such abuse, and more generally to end the use of coercive and abusive forms of “treatment” for autistic and other disabled people, for the past ten years. During that time, both of them have worked toward this goal through multiple avenues, including policy and legal advocacy, grassroots organizing, and media outreach. They believe that the neurodiversity movement’s history is rife with instances of individual and systemic abuse, violence, and trauma which they have been focused on naming and ending.
Changing Paradigms: The Emergence of the Autism/Neurodiversity Manifesto
Authors: Craine Monique
Published: November 2019

In 2016 in the Black-E arts centre in Liverpool, UK the Labour Party Autism/Neurodiversity Manifesto launched with the support of activists such as Monique Craine, and leading Members of Parliament of the UK’s Labour Party. The Manifesto draft proposes the Labour Party commit to adopting the policy document which promotes equality, inclusion, and access for people with “neurodivergent” conditions such as autism, ADHD, dyslexia, and dyspraxia. It states its key principles of valuing neurodiversity through social democracy to dismantle barriers to full participation of neurological minorities in society, the current situation in spheres of life such as social services and employment, and policies to address these sociopolitical problems, making its argument on the grounds of both fairness and economics.
Historicizing Jim Sinclair’s “Don’t Mourn for Us”: A Cultural and Intellectual History of Neurodiversity’s First Manifesto
Authors: Pripas-Kapit Sarah
Published: November 2019

Jim Sinclair’s 1993 essay “Don’t Mourn for Us” has influenced the neurodiversity movement since its publication. Sinclair’s essay stands out as particularly radical when considered within the context of other autistic writings from the 1980s and early 1990s. While writers such as Temple Grandin and Donna Williams introduced mainstream audiences to the concept of autistic people narrating their own experiences, their works still relied on ableist ideas about autism promoted by non-autistic scientific “experts” and parents. They positioned autism as a tragedy. Sinclair, who was very familiar with parent-centric autism culture, upended those notions by challenging the notion that parental grief was the inevitable result of autism. In doing so, Sinclair played a major role in establishing the intellectual and cultural foundations of neurodiversity.
Autistic People Against Neuroleptic Abuse
Authors: Murray Dinah
Published: November 2019

In 1998, Dinah Murray founded APANA (Autistic People Against Neuroleptic Abuse), an autistic-led campaign in the UK to stop the overuse of drugs being given to people with intellectual disabilities. The campaign subverted the medicalization of “challenging behavior” and focused on three cases studies of institutionalized autistic adults who were being overprescribed. Murray compiled statistics on their medications and their visits to doctors, found allies, began spreading the message via the internet and using legal recourse. Espousing a non-pathological model of autism, APANA raised awareness of the harms of overmedication in the learning disability world and, perhaps, more caution in the psychiatric world. It may have impacted on some government guidelines, and on the author’s reputation as resourceful and reasonable, which benefitted her future activism.
Light mediators in anomaly free U (1)X models. Part I. Theoretical framework
Authors: Correia F.C. , Fajfer Svjetlana
Published: November 2019

Abstract

We examine theoretical features of U (1) X extensions of the Standard Model whose quantum anomalies are canceled per generation. Similarly to other versions, the theory consists of a Two-Higgs-Doublet Model plus a scalar singlet embedded into the SM ⊗ U (1)
X
gauge group, and introduces small modifications to the Z -boson interactions. These changes can be minimized by exclusively charging right-handed fermions under the new Abelian symmetry, and are compensated by the neutral X -boson exchange. Non- universality of fermion couplings can also be achieved by requiring one single X -charged family. In general, X gauge bosons can be separated into A′ and Z′ subsets, distinguished by the presence of axial-vector components in the Z′ exchange. A′ physics, in particular the dark photons case, is commonly simpler to constrain and therefore favored by experimental tests. Finally, the model can be UV completed both by stable χ fermions or by right-handed neutrinos. The prior case may provide cold WIMPs in the theory.
Strong cosmic censorship in Horndeski theory
Authors: Destounis Kyriakos , Fontana Rodrigo D. B. , Mena Filipe C. , Papantonopoulos Eleftherios
Published: November 2019

Abstract

The strong cosmic censorship hypothesis has recently regained a lot of attention in charged and rotating black holes immersed in de Sitter space. Although the picture seems to be clearly leaning towards the validity of the hypothesis in Kerr-de Sitter geometries, Reissner-Nordström-de Sitter black holes appear to be serious counter-examples. Here, we perform another test to the hypothesis by using a scalar field perturbation non-minimally coupled to the Einstein tensor propagating on Reissner-Nordström-de Sitter spacetimes. Such non-minimal derivative coupling is characteristic of Horndeski scalar-tensor theories. Although the introduction of higher-order derivative couplings in the energy-momentum tensor increases the regularity requirements for the existence of weak solutions beyond the Cauchy horizon, we are still able to find a small finite region in the black hole’s parameter space where strong cosmic censorship is violated.
A Proof of the Weierstraß Gap Theorem not Using the Riemann–Roch Formula
Authors: Paule Peter , Radu Cristian-Silviu
Published: November 2019

Usually, the Weierstraß gap theorem is derived as a straightforward corollary of the Riemann–Roch theorem. Our main objective in this article is to prove the Weierstraß gap theorem by following an alternative approach based on “first principles”, which does not use the Riemann–Roch formula. Having mostly applications in connection with modular functions in mind, we describe our approach for the case when the given compact Riemann surface is associated with the modular curve$$X_0(N)$$X0(N).
Recruited fibroblasts reconstitute the peri-islet membrane: a longitudinal imaging study of human islet grafting and revascularisation
Authors: Nilsson Julia , Fardoos Rabiah , Hansen Lisbeth , Lövkvist Håkan , Pietras Kristian , Holmberg Dan , Schmidt-Christensen Anja
Published: November 2019

Aims/hypothesis

Rapid and adequate islet revascularisation and restoration of the islet–extracellular matrix (ECM) interaction are significant factors influencing islet survival and function of the transplanted islets in individuals with type 1 diabetes. Because the ECM encapsulating the islets is degraded during islet isolation, understanding the process of revascularisation and engraftment after transplantation is essential and needs further investigation.

Methods

Here we apply a longitudinal and high-resolution imaging approach to investigate the dynamics of the pancreatic islet engraftment process up to 11 months after transplantation. Human and mouse islet grafts were inserted into the anterior chamber of the mouse eye, using a NOD.ROSA-tomato.Rag2−/− or B6.ROSA-tomato host allowing the investigation of the expansion of host vs donor cells and the contribution of host cells to aspects such as promoting the encapsulation and vascularisation of the graft.

Results

A fibroblast-like stromal cell population of host origin rapidly migrates to ensheath the transplanted islet and aid in the formation of a basement membrane-like structure. Moreover, we show that the vessel network, while reconstituted by host endothelial cells, still retains the overall architecture of the donor islets.

Conclusions/interpretation

In this transplantation situation the fibroblast-like stromal cells appear to take over as main producers of ECM or act as a scaffold for other ECM-producing cells to reconstitute a peri-islet-like basement membrane. This may have implications for our understanding of long-term graft rejection and for the design of novel strategies to interfere with this process.