bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Visual MODFLOW, solute transport modeling, and remote sensing techniques for adapting aquifer potentiality under reclamation and climate change impacts in coastal aquifer
Authors: Abd El Ghany Moaz M. , El-Hadidy Shaimaa M. , Sakr Sameh A. , Korany Ezzat A. , Morsy Samah M.
Published: October 2024

Global environmental changes, such as climate change and reclamation alterations, significantly influence hydrological processes, leading to hydrologic nonstationarity and challenges in managing water availability and distribution. This study introduces a conceptual underpinning for the rational development and sustainability of groundwater resources. As one of the areas intended for the development projects within the Egyptian national plan for the reclamation of one and a half million acres; hundreds of pumping wells were constructed in the Moghra area to fulfill the reclamation demand. This study investigates the long-term impacts of exploiting the drilled pumping wells under climate change. The approach is to monitor the groundwater levels and the salinity values in the Moghra aquifer with various operational strategies and present proposed sustainable development scenarios. The impact of global warming and climate change is estimated for a prediction period of 30 years by using satellite data, time series geographical analysis, and statistical modeling. Using MODFLOW and Solute Transport (MT3DMS) modules of Visual MODFLOW USGS 2005 software, a three-dimensional (3D) finite-difference model is created to simulate groundwater flow and salinity distribution in the Moghra aquifer with the input of forecast downscaling (2020–2050) of main climatic parameters (PPT, ET, and Temp). The optimal adaptation-integrated scenario to cope with long-term groundwater withdrawal and climate change impacts is achieved when the Ministry of Irrigation and Water Resources (MWRI) recommends that the maximum drawdown shouldn’t be more significant than 1.0 m/ year. In this scenario, 1,500 pumping wells are distributed with an equal space of 500 m, a pumping rate of 1,200 m3/day and input the forecast of the most significant climatic parameters after 30 years. The output results of this scenario revealed a drawdown level of 42 m and a groundwater salinity value of 16,000 mg/l. Climate change has an evident impact on groundwater quantity and quality, particularly in the unconfined coastal aquifer, which is vulnerable to saltwater intrusion and pollution of drinking water resources. The relationship between climate change and the hydrologic cycle is crucial for predicting future water availability and addressing water-related issues.
A scenario for heart failure during the filling phase
Authors: Pedrizzetti Gianni , Numata Ryusuke , Collia Dario , Pedrizzetti Giulia , Zovatto Luigino , Banerjee Anirban
Published: October 2024

Heart failure (HF) is a life-threating cardiac disease that develops progressively for the reduced ability of the left ventricle (LV) to pump blood into the circulation during systole. HF can also develop in patients with a preserved systolic function, typically in presence of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM). This type of HF is sometimes termed as diastolic HF, but its biomechanical origin is still unclear. This study employs a physics-based analysis of both the LV and left atrium (LA) in selected HCM patients and matched healthy subjects using 3D echocardiography and demonstrates that alteration on the LV side (stiffening) reduces the elastic recovery of the LA. Moreover, the analysis of the forces exchanged between the two chambers demonstrates that they result unbalanced, keeping the LA in a sustained stretched condition that leads to dilation. This scenario clarifies the diastolic root of the dysfunction that may likely be the cause of the spiraling of events progressing toward failure of both LA emptying and LV filling. This deeply interdisciplinary study provides a physics-based basis for both physics/engineering modeling of heart function and to cardiologists for the design of clinical studies.
Selection of DNA aptamers for detecting metronidazole and ibuprofen: two common additives in soft drinks
Authors: Wang Jin , Li Xiangmei , Lei Hongtao , Liu Juewen
Published: October 2024

Using capture-SELEX, short aptamers for metronidazole and ibuprofen were isolated and they can be used for the detection of these drugs illicitly added to soft drinks.
Recent advances in catalytic enantioselective carbometallation of cyclopropenes and cyclobutenes
Authors: Lin Chuiyi , Wu Qianghui , Wang Yu , Chong Qinglei , Meng Fanke
Published: October 2024

This review discusses the recent advances in metal-catalyzed enantioselective carbometallation of small cyclic alkenes that enabled the generation of a broad scope of enantioenriched cyclopropanes and cyclobutanes.
Silicon-aryl cooperative activation of ammonia
Authors: Doleschal Martin Ernst , Kostenko Arseni , Liu Jin Yu , Inoue Shigeyoshi
Published: October 2024

The silicon-aryl cooperative N–H bond cleavage of ammonia was achieved at below room temperature, using an N-heterocyclic carbene-phosphinidine substituted acyclic silylene.
Physicochemical properties and their impact on ice nucleation efficiency of respiratory viral RNA and proteins
Authors: Hibbs Mattie , Pal Devendra , Barudzija Gorjana , Ariya Parisa A.
Published: October 2024

Ice nucleation processes in the earth's atmosphere are critical for cloud formation, radiation, precipitation, and climate change.
Lipase-entrapped colloidosomes with light-responsive wettability for efficient and recyclable Pickering interfacial biocatalysis
Authors: Yang Dingyi , Zeng Qi , Tan Kaiwen , Hou Haoyue , Fang Xingyuan , Guo Chenlong , Yuan Hao , Meng Tao
Published: October 2024

We prepared lipase-entrapped TiO2 colloidosomes with excellent recyclability for light-responsive Pickering interfacial biocatalysis, providing a green, recyclable and efficient Pickering interfacial biocatalysis platform.
Mechanical, fatigue and super plasticity properties of Cu–Al–Mn, Cu–Al–Be–Mn shape memory alloy and their metal matrix composites
Authors: H Naresh , S Prashantha , N Santhosh , Alsubih Majed , Islam Saiful , Majdi Hasan Sh. , Algburi Sameer , Razak Abdul
Published: October 2024

Overall casting experimental setup.
Promoting uniform zinc coatings through the use of quaternary ammonium salts based on phthalimide as electroplating additives
Authors: Du Kexin , Li Xuyang , Zhou Wenhao , Zou Peikun , Zhou Nayun , Chen Xin , Wang Limin
Published: October 2024

Compound PI5 forms a homogeneous electroplated zinc layer by adsorption.
Redox and structural stability for sodium-ion batteries through bond structure engineering
Authors: Li Xingyu , Li Yi , Cui Qinwen , Zhong Minghui , Zhao Xiaolin , Liu Jianjun
Published: October 2024

Improving the structural stability and electrochemical properties of manganese-based sodium cathode materials through bond structure engineering.
A mitochondria targeting, de novo designed, aggregation-induced emission probe for selective detection of neurotoxic amyloid-β aggregates
Authors: Bera Tapas , Mondal Aniruddha , Kar Samiran , Mukherjee Ayan , Banerjee Somenath , Guha Samit
Published: October 2024

A mitochondria targeting, de novo designed, AIE-based Cou-AIE-TPP+ probe for monitoring Aβ aggregation kinetics, imaging Aβ aggregates, and detecting mitochondrial morphology change and dysfunction during Aβ-induced neurotoxicity.
The blue shift of fluorescence emission reveals the dsRNA-loading capacity of cationic nanocarriers
Authors: Li Peng , Ma Jiaqi , Jiang Shangxu , Peng Wei , Huang Yun , Zhang Run , Xu Zhi Ping
Published: October 2024

The loading capacity of dsRNA by cationic nanocarriers can be simply and sustainably detected by the variation of the DAPI fluorescence emission. This method will significantly benefit the commercialisation of RNA interference.
Non-thermal magnetic deicing using two-dimensional chromium telluride
Authors: Chowde Gowda Chinmayee , Kartsev Alexey , Tiwari Nishant , Safronov Alexander A. , Pandey Prafull , Roy Ajit K. , Ajayan Pulickel M. , Galvão Douglas S. , Tiwary Chandra Sekhar
Published: October 2024

Icing of surfaces is a major issue that affects the livelihood of people residing in the northern hemisphere. This study focuses on deicing of surfaces with materials exhibiting near room temperature ferromagnetism.
Enhanced band-tuning and quality of Ni-doped Ga2O3 films via low-power RF magnetron sputtering
Authors: Hsu Chia-Hsun , Zhu Yu-Quan , Huang Ruo-Yan , Huang Pao-Hsun , Wang Chen , Cho Yun-Shao , Lien Shui-Yang
Published: October 2024

The proposed mechanism for the conductivity and band tuning in Ni-doped Ga2O3 films depends on the presence of oxygen vacancies and Ni ions. The Ni-doped Ga2O3 films were prepared using an extremely low power density of 0.18–0.36 W cm−2.
Prediction of two-dimensional 2H-M2O3 (M = Ti and Zr) with strong linear and non-linear optical response in the infrared range
Authors: Huang Anqi , Ji Linxuan , Li Qiaoqiao , Wu Yu , Ding Yi-min , Zhou Liujiang
Published: October 2024

Single-layer 2H-M2O3 (M = Ti and Zr) is predicted with a strong linear optical and second-harmonic generation response in the infrared range.
Manipulating molecular orientation in vapor-deposited organic semiconductor glasses via in situ electric fields: a molecular dynamics study
Authors: Rodríguez-López Marta , Gonzalez-Silveira Marta , Cappai Antonio , Dettori Riccardo , Rodríguez-Tinoco Cristian , Melis Claudio , Colombo Luciano , Rodríguez-Viejo Javier
Published: October 2024

Molecular dynamics simulations of vapor-deposited glasses under the effect of an external electric field show that it is possible to detangle molecular orientation and density/stability of the glass.
Achieving white emission by site-selective occupation of Eu2+ in K2BaSr(PO4)2−x(BO3)x:Eu2+
Authors: Xie Guo-Dong , Si Jia-Yong , Li Gui-Hua , Cai Ge-Mei , Wang Zhi-Peng , Wang Xiao-Jun
Published: October 2024

The emission of K2BaSr(PO4)2−x(BO3)x:0.04Eu2+ phosphors can be tuned from blue to white by controlling the (BO3)3− concentration, which is attributed to the site-selective occupation of Eu2+ induced by cation disorder.
Bilingual phrase induction with local hard negative sampling
Authors: Cao Hailong , Miao Hualin , Wang Weixuan , Li Liangyou , Peng Wei , Zhao Tiejun
Published: October 2024

Bilingual lexicon induction focuses on learning word translation pairs, also known as bitexts, from monolingual corpora by establishing a mapping between the source and target embedding spaces. Despite recent advancements, bilingual lexicon induction is limited to inducing bitexts consisting of individual words, lacking the ability to handle semantics‐rich phrases. To bridge this gap and support downstream cross‐lingual tasks, it is practical to develop a method for bilingual phrase induction that extracts bilingual phrase pairs from monolingual corpora without relying on cross‐lingual knowledge. In this paper, the authors propose a novel phrase embedding training method based on the skip‐gram structure. Specifically, a local hard negative sampling strategy that utilises negative samples of central tokens in sliding windows to enhance phrase embedding learning is introduced. The proposed method achieves competitive or superior performance compared to baseline approaches, with exceptional results recorded for distant languages. Additionally, we develop a phrase representation learning method that leverages multilingual pre‐trained language models. These mPLMs‐based representations can be combined with the above‐mentioned static phrase embeddings to further improve the accuracy of the bilingual phrase induction task. We manually construct a dataset of bilingual phrase pairs and integrate it with MUSE to facilitate the bilingual phrase induction task.
Real‐time semantic segmentation network for crops and weeds based on multi‐branch structure
Authors: Liu Yufan , Liu Muhua , Zhao Xuhui , Zhu Junlong , Wang Lin , Ma Hao , Zhang Mingchuan
Published: October 2024

Weed recognition is an inevitable problem in smart agriculture, and to realise efficient weed recognition, complex background, insufficient feature information, varying target sizes and overlapping crops and weeds are the main problems to be solved. To address these problems, the authors propose a real‐time semantic segmentation network based on a multi‐branch structure for recognising crops and weeds. First, a new backbone network for capturing feature information between crops and weeds of different sizes is constructed. Second, the authors propose a weight refinement fusion (WRF) module to enhance the feature extraction ability of crops and weeds and reduce the interference caused by the complex background. Finally, a Semantic Guided Fusion is devised to enhance the interaction of information between crops and weeds and reduce the interference caused by overlapping goals. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed network can balance speed and accuracy. Specifically, the 0.713 Mean IoU (MIoU), 0.802 MIoU, 0.746 MIoU and 0.906 MIoU can be achieved on the sugar beet (BoniRob) dataset, synthetic BoniRob dataset, CWFID dataset and self‐labelled wheat dataset, respectively.
Energy management of hybrid AC/DC microgrid considering incentive‐based demand response program
Authors: Duc Tung Trieu , Tuan Anh Nguyen , Duc Tuyen Nguyen , Takano Hirotaka
Published: October 2024

Increasing the use of renewable energy in microgrids (MGs) offers environmental and economic benefits. However, the unpredictable and intermittent nature of available resources poses challenges for optimal MG scheduling. Hybrid AC–DC microgrids provide a solution, seamlessly integrating renewables while reducing energy losses and improving power grid reliability. Additionally, incentive‐based demand response programs promote flexible energy consumption, further mitigating the variability of renewable generation and enhancing grid stability. This paper investigates the challenges and potential of high renewable penetration in hybrid AC–DC MGs, analysing the role of demand response programs in system optimization. The microgrid's energy management is modelled using MILP, while a Stackelberg game represents the demand response program. These models are integrated to optimize energy management and demand response jointly. Simulations demonstrate the cost‐saving benefits of this integrated framework, achieved through coordinated flexible resource scheduling and incentive‐based demand response programming.
Endometrial Cancer – Long-Term Survival in Certified Cancer Centers and Non-Certified Hospitals
Authors: Hansinger Judith , Völkel Vinzenz , Gerken Michael , Schoffer Olaf , Wimberger Pauline , Bierbaum Veronika , Bobeth Christoph , Rößler Martin , Dröge Patrik , Ruhnke Thomas , Günster Christian , Tol Kees Kleihues-van , Link Theresa , Kast Karin , Papathemelis Thomas , Ortmann Olaf , Schmitt Jochen , Klinkhammer-Schalke Monika
Published: October 2024

Introduction Endometrial cancer is the most common malignant tumor of the female genital organs. In Germany, treatment is provided in both cancer centers certified by the German Cancer Society (Deutsche Krebsgesellschaft, DKG) and in non-certified hospitals. This study investigated whether treatment in DKG-certified centers leads to improved overall survival of patients with endometrial cancer.

Materials and Methods Data from 11 legally independent German statutory health insurance (SHI) funds of the AOK were analyzed as well as data from four clinical cancer registries (CCR), resulting in inclusion of 30 102 AOK patients and 8190 registry patients with a diagnosis (incidental cases) of ICD-10-GM code C54 (malignant neoplasm of corpus uteri). For comparative survival analyses, multivariable Cox regressions and Kaplan–Meier analyses were used.

Results The Kaplan–Meier estimator for 5-year overall survival was 66.7% for patients from certified centers and 65.0% for patients from non-certified hospitals (using SHI data; CCR data: 63.4% vs. 60.7%). Cox regression adjusted for relevant confounders showed a hazard ratio (HR) of 0.93 (SHI data; 95% CI 0.86 – 1.00; p = 0.050) and 0.935 (CCR data; 95% CI 0.827 – 1.057; p = 0.281) for all-cause mortality. In a subgroup analysis (CCR), patients with International Union against Cancer Control (UICC) stage I had a significant survival benefit if treated in a certified center (HR 0.783; 95% CI 0.620 – 0.987; p = 0.038).

Conclusion The study presented herein shows that patients with endometrial cancer treated in a certified cancer center tend to have better survival rates. This should be considered when selecting the treating hospital.
Telisotuzumab Vedotin erfolgreich in der Zweit- und Drittlinie
Authors: Kretzschmar Alexander
Published: October 2024

Das Antikörper-Wirkstoff-Konjugat (ADC) Telisotuzumab-Vedotin (Teliso-V) führte bei vorbehandelten Patienten mit Überexpression des c-Met-Proteins, epidermalem Wachstumsfaktor-Rezeptor (EGFR)-Wildtyp, fortgeschrittenem/metastasiertem nicht kleinzelligem Lungenkrebs (NSCLC) zu einer dauerhaften Response von 8,3 Monaten, berichtete Prof. David Ross Camidge, Aurora, auf der ASCO-Jahrestagung 2024. Der mediane Follow-up betrug 19,3 Monate (Gesamtpopulation).
Diagnostik und Therapie typischer Komplikationen der infektiösen Endokarditis
Authors: Nitsche Christian , Hengstenberg Christian
Published: October 2024

Die infektiöse Endokarditis stellt ein ernsthaftes kardiologisches Krankheitsbild dar, das mit lebensbedrohlichen Komplikationen einhergehen kann. Grundsätzlich wird zwischen Komplikationen unterschieden, die unmittelbar einer herzchirurgischen Sanierung bedürfen und solchen, welche anderweitig behandelt werden können. Der aktuelle Artikel soll das Management der wichtigsten Endokarditis-assoziierten Komplikationen im Lichte der rezent erschienenen neuen Richtlinien der Europäischen Gesellschaft für Kardiologie zusammenfassen.
Effektive First-line-Therapie stabilisiert die Lebensqualität
Authors: Arnheim Katharina
Published: October 2024

Die Phase-III-Studie EV-301 verdeutlicht den Stellenwert von Enfortumab Vedotin plus Pembrolizumab beim fortgeschrittenen Harnblasenkarzinom: Im Vergleich zur platinbasierten Chemotherapie (PBC) verlängert die Kombination das Überleben ohne Einbußen in der Lebensqualität.
Explore the Role of the Sphingosine-1-Phosphate Signalling as a Novel
Promising Therapeutic Target for the Management of Parkinson's
Disease
Authors: Bisht Manoj , Kadian Jai Parkash , Hooda Tanuj , Jain Neelam , Lather Amit , Aggarwal Navidha
Published: October 2024

Sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) is a cellular signalling molecule derived from
sphingosine, which is a pro-apoptotic sphingolipid. Sphingolipids control
various cellular actions like growth, homeostasis, and stress-related responses.
The main sources of S1P in our body are erythrocytes. S1P controls both cellular
mediators and other second messengers intracellularly. The S1P receptor also
helps in inflammatory and neuroprotective effects (required to manage of
Parkinsonʼs). A large number of anti-Parkinson drugs are available, but still,
there is a need for more effective and safer drugs. S1P and its receptors could
be targeted as novel drugs due to their involvement in neuro-inflammation and
Parkinsonʼs. The present review effort to explore the biological role of S1P and
related receptors, for their possible involvement in PD; furthermore. Overall,
S1P and other related metabolizing enzymes have significant therapeutic
opportunities for Parkinsonʼs disease along with other neurological
disorders.
DKI-Umfrage: 55 Vorschläge zur Entbürokratisierung
Authors: Hofmann Lisa-Marie
Published: October 2024

Überbordende Dokumentation belastet das Personal und befeuert den Fachkräftemangel in Kliniken, so die Deutsche Krankenhausgesellschaft. Sie legt 55 Lösungsvorschläge zur Entbürokratisierung vor.
Krankenhausreform: Ambulantisierung als Gamechanger?
Authors: Heeser Alexandra
Published: October 2024

Deutschland leistet sich zu viele Krankenhäuser. Zudem werden noch zu viele Leistungen stationär erbracht. Änderungen in der Struktur sind notwendig und werden unter anderem mit dem Entwurf zum Krankenhausversorgungsverbesserungsgesetz (KHVVG) eingeläutet.
Telematik-Infrastruktur: Mit Highspeed-Konnektoren in die TI-Galaxis
Authors: Heeser Alexandra
Published: October 2024

Die Einbox-Konnektoren für die Anbindung an die Telematik-Infrastruktur (TI) gelten bei vielen Kliniken als leistungsschwach und veraltet. Nachdem viele Konnektor-Zertifikate im Jahr 2024 auslaufen, warten Kliniken nun auf den lang ersehnten Highspeed-Konnektor und das TI-Gateway.
Cybersecurity: So verhindern Kliniken den Daten-GAU
Authors: Doelfs Guntram
Published: October 2024

Cyber-Angriffe auf Gesundheitseinrichtungen nehmen weltweit stark zu. Philipp Merth vom Internet-Konzern Akamai erläutert im Gespräch, warum das so ist, wo sich derzeit neue Schlupflöcher für Hacker auftun – und wie man Angriffen auf das eigene Haus vorbeugt.
Krankenhausinformationssysteme: In zwölf Monaten zum neuen KIS
Authors: Stagge Christiane
Published: October 2024

Das Städtische Klinikum Solingen hat innerhalb eines Jahres den Wechsel auf ein neues Krankenhausinformationssystem (KIS) vollzogen. Ein größtenteils vorkonfiguriertes KIS mit einem standardisierten Verfahren ermöglichte die beschleunigte Implementierung.
Klinikum Klagenfurt: Präzision durch navigationsgekoppelte Bildgebung
Authors: Kretschmer Thomas
Published: October 2024

Präzise Navigation und kontinuierliche Überprüfung des OP-Fortschritts, das erlaubt das aktuelle Setting in der Neurochirurgie des Klinikums Klagenfurt. Um das Fehlerrisiko bei Eingriffen zu senken, setzt das Team auf eine Kombination aus intraoperativer Bildgebung und Navigationslösung.
8.1.14.23 Hetaryllithium Compounds (Update 2025)
Authors: Sanz R. , Suárez-Pantiga S.
Published: October 2024

This is an update to the previous Science of Synthesis chapter on aryl- and hetaryllithium compounds (Section 8.1.14). This update is focused solely on hetaryllithium compounds and covers those advances in the preparation and reactivity of lithiated hetarenes described in articles that were published between 2004 and 2023. Reviewed herein are direct deprotonation, halogen –lithium exchange, and directed-metalation strategies to access a diverse range of lithiated nitrogen-, oxygen- or sulfur-based hetarenes. Selected classical strategies to prepare hetaryllithium compounds covered in the previous chapter are also included in this update, since novel applications and further transformations of these hetaryllithium compounds have been explored.
20.5.1.3.6 Synthesis of Esters from Aldehydes, Ketones, and Derivatives (Including Enol Ethers) (Update 2025)
Authors: Berkessel A. , Harnying W.
Published: October 2024

This is an update to a previous Science of Synthesis chapter (Section 20.5.1.3), and describes methods for the synthesis of carboxylic esters from various types of aldehydes, ketones, and derivatives (including acetals and enol ethers) that were published between 2007 and 2023. In this update, emphasis is placed on modern catalytic methods. In particular, the synthetically highly useful organocatalytic formation of esters from aldehydes, catalyzed by N-heterocyclic carbenes (NHCs) under oxidative conditions and via internal redox reactions, which was not covered in the previous chapter, is surveyed. The spectrum of catalytic methods covered extends further to catalytic dehydrogenative cross couplings of aldehydes with alcohols, the Tishchenko reaction (in particular to stereoselective variants thereof), to the use of oxygen-plus-catalysts in the Baeyer–Villiger oxidation of ketones and the generation of esters from acetals, and the catalytic dehydrogenation of enol ethers in the presence of water.
Rydberg excitons in cuprous oxide: A two-particle system with classical chaos
Authors: Ertl Jan , Rentschler Sebastian , Main Jörg
Published: October 2024

When an electron in a semiconductor gets excited to the conduction band, the missing electron can be viewed as a positively charged particle, the hole. Due to the Coulomb interaction, electrons and holes can form a hydrogen-like bound state called the exciton. For cuprous oxide, a Rydberg series up to high principle quantum numbers has been observed by Kazimierczuk et al. [Nature 514, 343 (2014)] with the extension of excitons up to the μm-range. In this region, the correspondence principle should hold and quantum mechanics turn into classical dynamics. Due to the complex valence band structure of Cu2O, classical dynamics deviates from a purely hydrogen-like behavior. The uppermost valence band in cuprous oxide splits into various bands resulting in yellow and green exciton series. Since the system exhibits no spherical symmetry, the angular momentum is not conserved. Thus, the classical dynamics becomes non-integrable, resulting in the possibility of chaotic motion. Here, we investigate the classical dynamics of the yellow and green exciton series in cuprous oxide for two-dimensional orbits in the symmetry planes as well as fully three-dimensional orbits. Our analysis reveals substantial differences between the dynamics of the yellow and green exciton series. While it is mostly regular for the yellow series, large regions in phase space with classical chaos do exist for the green exciton series.
Growing simplicial complex with face dimension selection and preferential attachment
Authors: Ding Mengjun , Yu Jia , Sun Weiqiang
Published: October 2024

When simplicial complexes are used to represent higher-order systems, information regarding when and how interactions happen may be lost. In this paper, we propose the concept of temporal simplicial complexes, in which simplices with timestamps (or temporal simplices) are used to represent interactions, and faces with weights are used to represent relations. Then, we propose a growing model with two rules, face dimension selection (FDS), and preferential attachment. By properly setting the probability parameter vector q in the FDS rule, one can balance network diameter expansion and network centrality, thus attaining more flexibility in the growing process. Our theoretical analysis and simulations that followed show the generalized degree of faces of any dimension follows a power-law distribution, with a scaling component controlled by q. Our work provides a flexible growing model and can be used to study higher-order systems with temporal properties.
Growth of Ta-doped SnO2 on GaN as a UV-transparent conducting electrode and band alignment properties of the heterojunction
Authors: Yang Lu , Sheng Ziqian , Kuang Siliang , Xu Wenjing , He Yaxin , Zhang Xu , Xu Xiangyu , Zhang Kelvin H. L.
Published: October 2024

GaN-based ultraviolet light emitting diodes (UV LEDs) have attracted considerable attention in recent years and are required in various applications such as healthcare, light illumination, and optical communication. However, the limited UV transparency of the electrodes like indium-doped tin oxide has hindered the external quantum efficiency of current UV LEDs. In this work, we present the growth of UV-transparent Ta-doped SnO2 (TTO) thin films on GaN as a promising UV-transparent electrode for LEDs. TTO thin films with a thickness of 200 nm exhibit optical transmission exceeding 80% at the wavelength of 300 nm, with a low resistivity of 2.5 × 10−4 Ω·cm and a low contact resistance of 1.7 × 10−2 Ω cm2 to n-type GaN. High-resolution x-ray photoemission spectra were employed to reveal insight into the electronic structure of TTO and the interfacial band alignment of TTO/GaN heterojunction. The wide optical bandgap (∼4.6 eV) and high UV transparency of TTO films stem from a significant Burstein–Moss shift due to degenerate doping, giving rise to metal-like characteristics and a small barrier height at the interface of TTO/GaN. These findings imply the origin of low contact resistivity of TTO to n-type GaN and may be applicable to the development of UV-transparent electrodes of optoelectronic devices.
Simulation study of abdominal hemorrhage based on magnetic induction tomography
Authors: Chen Ruijuan , Du Yalin , Zhu Xinlei , Zhang Yuanxin , Wang Huiquan , Sun Hongsheng , Wang Jinhai
Published: October 2024

Abdominal hemorrhage is an important clinical disease that can be life-threatening in severe cases. Therefore, timely detection and treatment of abdominal hemorrhage is crucial for the health and safety of patients. Magnetic induction tomography is a non-invasive, nonradioactive, and non-contact electromagnetic imaging technology with potential application value for disease screening and continuous monitoring. In this paper, a simulation model of electrical impedance distribution close to the real human abdominal tissue was constructed, and based on this model, the magnetic induction tomography simulation method of internal bleeding was studied by the finite element numerical method, and the comparison was verified by phantom experiments. The eddy current density distribution inside the abdominal tissue and the magnetic induction phase data at the tissue boundary are solved, and sensitivity analysis of phase differences caused by changes in the radius and position of bleeding volume was conducted, and three sensitivity indicators were proposed. Both the simulation and phantom experiment show that when there are six types of tissues with different conductivity in the abdomen, the radius of bleeding increases from 10 to 30 mm, and the radius phase difference sensitivity index Ar increases approximately linearly monotonically. Its radius transformation sensitivity Kr is 3.0961 × 10−5°/cm. When the position of the bleeding volume changes, the sensitivity index Ax of the x-axis displacement phase difference shows a quasilinear monotonic decrease, and the x-axis displacement sensitivity Kx is −6.3744 × 10−6°/cm. The y-axis displacement phase difference sensitivity Ay index shows a quasilinear relationship and monotonically increases, with a y-axis displacement sensitivity Ky of 5.2870 × 10−4°/cm. The results indicate that the phase difference sensitivity before and after the occurrence of bleeding can be used as a quantitative monitoring indicator to monitor the occurrence and trend of intra-abdominal hemorrhage, laying the foundation for the preliminary screening and continuous monitoring of abdominal hemorrhage diseases using magnetic induction imaging.
The evaluation of hydrogen production of a multistage cooling system's performance
Authors: Kerwad M. , AL-Zoubi Omar H. , Awad Sameer. A. , Rajendran Naveen Kumar , Ravshanbekovna Shaxnoza Saydaxmetova , Al-Abdeen Salah Hassan Zain , Mahajan Shriya , Alhadrawi Merwa , Foladi Ali
Published: October 2024

In the present research, a new cycle of scramjet open recuperator cooling to produce power and hydrogen is presented. In which, the power generation subsection uses the waste heat in the scramjet cooling process as a cycle heat source and produces electric power. In this research, some of the power generated in the cycle is used to power a Polymer Electrolyte Membrane (PEM) electrolyzer that produces hydrogen. An analysis of the energy and exergy has been conducted to assess the system's performance. With a fuel mass flow rate of 0.45 kg/s, the cooling capacity of the system is 10.2 MW, net power production is 4.1 MW, and 45.1 kg/h of hydrogen is produced. The exergy analysis revealed that the PEM electrolyzer had the highest exergy loss at over 48%, followed by the first cooling path at over 32%. The energy and exergy efficiency of the system are 14.2% and 19.2%, respectively. The parametric study indicated that increasing the mass flow rate leads to higher power production and cooling capacity. Additionally, at a constant fuel mass flow rate, power production increases with higher pressure behind the pump.
Effects of bird feather-like convergent–divergent-riblet surfaces on the total pressure loss and wake turbulence of a transonic compressor cascade
Authors: Wang Liyue , Wang Cong , Sun Gang , Feng Jinzhang , Zhang Yunliang
Published: October 2024

The flow loss caused by the fan blades in a turbofan engine with a large bypass ratio is significant, and the wake considerably affects the inlet flow of downstream components. Surfaces with bird feather-like convergent–divergent (C–D) riblets have been proven to modulate the boundary layer flow by inducing counter-rotating rolling modes; however, the effects of these surfaces on the total pressure loss and wake turbulence of transonic compressor cascades remain unexplored. In this study, the effects of C–D-riblet surfaces on the total pressure loss and wake turbulence of a transonic compressor cascade were experimentally investigated using a five-hole probe and hot-wire measurements. The flow-loss-control effects of C–D-riblet surfaces with different characteristic lengths were also analyzed. The most significant reduction in the area-averaged total pressure loss (11.23%) was achieved using a C–D-riblet surface with a characteristic length of 30 μm at a Mach number of 0.94; this total pressure loss reduction corresponded to an increase in the mean velocity and a decrease in the turbulence intensity of the wake profile. Furthermore, the effectiveness of the loss control varied significantly with the spreading position of the C–D riblets. The optimal control effect was observed in the divergence-line region, and the control was slightly less effective as the measurement position neared the convergence line. This paper demonstrates the promising potential of using C–D riblets to achieve flow loss control in transonic compressor cascades.
Classification of the L-, H-mode, and plasma-free state: Convolutional neural networks and variational autoencoders on the edge reflectometer for KSTAR
Authors: Kim Boseong , Seo Seong-Heon , Oh Dong Keun , Na Yong-Su
Published: October 2024

Classifying and monitoring the L-, H-mode, and plasma-free state are essential for the stable operational control of tokamaks. Edge reflectometry measures plasma density profiles, but the large volume of data and complexity in reconstruction pose significant challenges. There is a need for efficient methods to analyze complex reflectometer data in real-time, which can be addressed using advanced computational techniques. Here, we show that machine learning (ML) techniques can classify discharge states using raw signal data from an edge reflectometer installed on the Korea Superconducting Tokamak Advanced Research. The deep convolutional neural network models achieved classification accuracy of up to 99% when using 2D spectrogram inputs, demonstrating a significant improvement over 1D raw signal inputs. Additionally, the variational autoencoder model effectively clustered the discharge states in the latent space without any label information, further validating the model’s capability to classify discharge states. These results suggest that the ML model can effectively handle the complexity of reflectometer data and accurately classify plasma discharge states. This approach not only facilitates real-time diagnosis but also reduces the need for manual data processing.
Iron wool as a heating agent for magnetic catalysis: Experiments and analysis of heating properties under a high-frequency magnetic field
Authors: Daccache S. , Ghosh S. , Marias F. , Chaudret B. , Carrey J.
Published: October 2024

Magnetically induced heterogeneous catalysis has been attracting attention due to its high energy efficiency and flexibility for dynamic reactor control. Iron wool is a commercial, low-cost, and versatile heating agent, which has been used in several magnetic catalysis studies, but its heating properties have never been investigated. Here, the properties of three types of Fe wool were studied using optical and electronic microscopy, x-ray diffraction, and measurements of both heating power and high-frequency hysteresis loops. The effects of strand width, packing, and magnetic field amplitude and frequency were studied. A maximum specific absorption rate (SAR) around 700 W/g under a rms field of 47.4 mT at 93 kHz was measured for the larger width Fe wool. High-frequency hysteresis loops were used to quantify the contribution of hysteresis losses and eddy currents to total heating. Eddy currents contribute 65%–90% to the global heating depending on the strand width. Coating the wool with SiO2 and Ni has negative effects on the SAR but none on hysteresis losses. It is interpreted as originating from the cut-off of inter-wire eddy currents due to the insulating (SiO2, oxidized Ni) nature of the coating. Last, it was found that adding more Fe wool in a given volume mostly decreases the SAR. This effect could be not only due to the absorption and/or screening of the field by surface strands but also due to magnetic interactions. The results described in this work give insights into the magnetic heating of microscale magnetic materials and optimize their use for heterogeneous catalysis.
Misinformation spreading on activity-driven networks with heterogeneous spreading rates
Authors: Gong Yongwang , Small Michael
Published: October 2024

The spread of misinformation on social media is inextricably related to each user’s forwarding habits. In this paper, given that users have heterogeneous forwarding probabilities to their neighbors with varied relationships when they receive misinformation, we present a novel ignorant-spreader-refractory (ISR) spreading model with heterogeneous spreading rates on activity-driven networks with various types of links that encode these differential relationships. More exactly, in this model, the same type of links has an identical spreading rate, while different types of links have distinct ones. Using a mean-field approach and Monte Carlo simulations, we investigate how the heterogeneity of spreading rates affects the outbreak threshold and final prevalence of misinformation. It is demonstrated that the heterogeneity of spreading rates has no effect on the threshold when the type of link follows a uniform distribution. However, it has a significant impact on the threshold for non-uniform distributions. For example, the heterogeneity of spreading rates increases the threshold for normal distribution while it lowers the threshold for an exponent distribution. In comparison to the situation of a homogeneous spreading rate, whether the heterogeneity of spreading rates improves or decreases the final prevalence of misinformation is also determined by the distributions of the type of links.
Simulation of lithium hydroxide decomposition using deep potential molecular dynamics
Authors: Kussainova Dina , Panagiotopoulos Athanassios Z.
Published: October 2024

Chemical reactions and vapor–liquid equilibria for molten lithium hydroxide (LiOH) were studied using molecular dynamics simulations and a deep potential (DP) model. The neural network for the model was trained on quantum density functional theory data for a range of conditions. The DP model allows simulations over timescales of hundreds of ns, which provide equilibrium compositions for the systems of interest. Single-phase NPT simulations of the liquid show the decomposition of LiOH into lithium oxide (Li2O) and dissolved water (H2O). These DP results were validated by direct ab initio molecular dynamics simulations that confirmed the accuracy of the model with respect to reaction kinetics and equilibrium properties of the melt. The reactive vapor–liquid behavior of this system was subsequently studied using direct coexistence interfacial DP simulations. Partial pressures of H2O in the vapor are found to be in close agreement with available experimental measurements. By fitting temperature-dependent expressions for the reaction equilibrium and Henry’s law constants, the equilibrium composition for any given initial composition and temperature can be quantitatively modeled. For high initial concentrations of Li2O or H2O, mixtures of LiOH + Li2O/H2O are found to undergo phase separation. The present study illustrates how DP-based molecular dynamics simulations can be used for quantitative modeling of multiphase reactive behavior with the accuracy of the underlying ab initio quantum chemical methods.
Capillary rise on rounded polygon corners of pillar and array structures
Authors: Ha Jonghyun , Park Keunhwan , Jung Wonjong
Published: October 2024

Capillary rise, where liquid climbs narrow spaces against gravity, plays an important role in both natural and technological processes. This study investigates capillary wetting in rounded polygon corners, a less-studied area in microfluid mechanics with significant implications for industries such as nanotextured surface cleaning, micro-soldering, food technology, and water harvesting. Through experimental analysis, we examine the relationship between capillary rise height and the geometric parameters of curvature radius and angle in rounded polygonal pillar and array structures. Our findings reveal a direct correlation where the capillary rise height increases as the radius of the corner increases, emphasizing the critical role of corner geometry in enhancing capillary action. This research not only deepens understanding of capillary behavior in complex geometries but also provides valuable insights for optimizing capillary-based applications across. By considering the influence of geometric complexity on capillarity, our study paves the way for innovative approaches in the design and development of efficient systems for fluid manipulation and control.
Structure and transport properties of LiTFSI-based deep eutectic electrolytes from machine-learned interatomic potential simulations
Authors: Shayestehpour Omid , Zahn Stefan
Published: October 2024

Deep eutectic solvents have recently gained significant attention as versatile and inexpensive materials with many desirable properties and a wide range of applications. In particular, their characteristics, similar to those of ionic liquids, make them a promising class of liquid electrolytes for electrochemical applications. In this study, we utilized a local equivariant neural network interatomic potential model to study a series of deep eutectic electrolytes based on lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (LiTFSI) using molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. The use of equivariant features combined with strict locality results in highly accurate, data-efficient, and scalable interatomic potentials, enabling large-scale MD simulations of these liquids with first-principles accuracy. Comparing the structure of the liquids to the reported results from classical force field (FF) simulations indicates that ion–ion interactions are not accurately characterized by FFs. Furthermore, close contacts between lithium ions, bridged by oxygen atoms of two amide molecules, are observed. The computed cationic transport numbers (t+) and the estimated ratios of Li+–amide lifetime (τLi–amide) to the amide’s rotational relaxation time (τR), combined with the ionic conductivity trend, suggest a more structural Li+ transport mechanism in the LiTFSI:urea mixture through the exchange of amide molecules. However, a vehicular mechanism could have a larger contribution to Li+ ion transport in the LiTFSI:N-methylacetamide electrolyte. Moreover, comparable diffusivities of Li+ cation and TFSI− anion and a τLi–amide/τR close to unity indicate that vehicular and solvent-exchange mechanisms have rather equal contributions to Li+ ion transport in the LiTFSI:acetamide system.
Early-career faculty face many challenges
Authors: Lopatka Alex
Published: October 2024

Navigating a host of clear—and sometimes not-so-clear—responsibilities is critical to succeeding in academia.
Signatures of criticality in efficient coding networks
Authors: Safavi Shervin , Chalk Matthew , Logothetis Nikos K. , Levina Anna
Published: October 2024

The critical brain hypothesis states that the brain can benefit from operating close to a second-order phase transition. While it has been shown that several computational aspects of sensory processing (e.g., sensitivity to input) can be optimal in this regime, it is still unclear whether these computational benefits of criticality can be leveraged by neural systems performing behaviorally relevant computations. To address this question, we investigate signatures of criticality in networks optimized to perform efficient coding. We consider a spike-coding network of leaky integrate-and-fire neurons with synaptic transmission delays. Previously, it was shown that the performance of such networks varies nonmonotonically with the noise amplitude. Interestingly, we find that in the vicinity of the optimal noise level for efficient coding, the network dynamics exhibit some signatures of criticality, namely, scale-free dynamics of the spiking and the presence of crackling noise relation. Our work suggests that two influential, and previously disparate theories of neural processing optimization (efficient coding and criticality) may be intimately related.
Local glycolysis supports injury-induced axonal regeneration
Authors: Masin Luca , Bergmans Steven , Van Dyck Annelies , Farrow Karl , De Groef Lies , Moons Lieve
Published: October 2024

Successful axonal regeneration following injury requires the effective allocation of energy. How axons withstand the initial disruption in mitochondrial energy production caused by the injury and subsequently initiate regrowth is poorly understood. Transcriptomic data showed increased expression of glycolytic genes after optic nerve crush in retinal ganglion cells with the co-deletion of Pten and Socs3. Using retinal cultures in a multicompartment microfluidic device, we observed increased regrowth and enhanced mitochondrial trafficking in the axons of Pten and Socs3 co-deleted neurons. While wild-type axons relied on mitochondrial metabolism, after injury, in the absence of Pten and Socs3, energy production was supported by local glycolysis. Specific inhibition of lactate production hindered injury survival and the initiation of regrowth while slowing down glycolysis upstream impaired regrowth initiation, axonal elongation, and energy production. Together, these observations reveal that glycolytic ATP, combined with sustained mitochondrial transport, is essential for injury-induced axonal regrowth, providing new insights into the metabolic underpinnings of axonal regeneration.
3D simulation estimation and experimental validation of droplet generation in CFD-based flow-focusing microfluidic chips
Authors: Shu Jingwei , Chen Wei , Zhao Yongfang , Li Minghai , Ma Zhenye
Published: October 2024

Microdroplets generated using microfluidic techniques offer significant advantages over those generated using conventional methods, including high accuracy and excellent monodispersity. However, there remains a paucity of literature regarding the influence of fluid operating conditions and physical properties on droplet generation, specifically in relation to size and frequency, using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) techniques. In this study, we present a simplified microfluidic chip capable of flexibly adjusting the structure and size of the microchannels based on specific requirements. Subsequently, three-dimensional numerical simulations of this chip were conducted using CFD techniques and fitted a dimensionless model to estimate the droplet generation size and frequency through multivariate nonlinear regression methods. The experimental validation results demonstrated a strong correlation between the fitted data and the experimental observations, with size differences not exceeding 8% and good monodispersity, indicated by a coefficient of variation of less than 2.4%. This study provides valuable insights and a reference for future research.
On the full Kostant–Toda hierarchy and its

ℓ

-banded reductions for the Lie algebras of type

A
,
B

and G
Authors: Kodama Yuji , Xie Yuancheng
Published: October 2024

This paper is concerned with the solutions of the full Kostant–Toda (f-KT) hierarchy in the Hessenberg form and their reductions to the

ℓ

-banded Kostant–Toda (

ℓ

-KT) hierarchies for

1
⩽
ℓ
⩽
n

, where the case with

ℓ
=
1

is the classical tridiagonal Toda hierarchy and the case with

ℓ
=
n

is the f-KT hierarchy. Based on the Hessenberg form of the f-KT hierarchy, we study the f-KT hierarchy and the corresponding

ℓ

-KT hierarchies on simple Lie algebras of type

A
,
B

and G as the root space reductions with proper choices of Chevalley systems. Explicit formulas of the polynomial solutions for the τ-functions are also given in terms of the Schur functions and Schur’s Q-functions.