bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Estimation of Forest Height Using Spaceborne Repeat-Pass L-Band InSAR Correlation Magnitude over the US State of Maine
Authors: Lei Yang , Siqueira Paul
Published: October 2014

This paper describes a novel, simple and efficient approach to estimate forest height over a wide region utilizing spaceborne repeat-pass InSAR correlation magnitude data at L-band. We start from a semi-empirical modification of the RVoG model that characterizes repeat-pass InSAR correlation with large temporal baselines (e.g., 46 days for ALOS) by taking account of the temporal change effect of dielectric fluctuation and random motion of scatterers. By assuming (1) the temporal change parameters and forest backscatter profile/extinction coefficient follow some mean behavior across each inteferogram; (2) there is minimal ground scattering contribution for HV-polarization; and (3) the vertical wavenumber is small, a simplified inversion approach is developed to link the observed HV-polarized InSAR correlation magnitude to forest height and validated using ALOS/PALSAR repeat-pass observations against LVIS lidar heights over the Howland Research Forest in central Maine, US (with RMSE < 4 m at a resolution of 32 hectares). The model parameters derived from this supervised regression are used as the basis for propagating the estimates of forest height to available interferometric pairs for the entire state of Maine, thus creating a state-mosaic map of forest height. The present approach described here serves as an alternative and complementary tool for other PolInSAR inversion techniques when full-polarization data may not be available. This work is also meant to be an observational prototype for NASA’s DESDynI-R (now called NISAR) and JAXA’s ALOS-2 satellite missions.
Structured-Light Sensor Using Two Laser Stripes for 3D Reconstruction without Vibrations
Authors: Usamentiaga Rubén , Molleda Julio , Garcia Daniel
Published: October 2014

3D reconstruction based on laser light projection is a well-known method that generally provides accurate results. However, when this method is used for inspection in uncontrolled environments, it is greatly affected by vibrations. This paper presents a structured-light sensor based on two laser stripes that provides a 3D reconstruction without vibrations. Using more than one laser stripe provides redundant information than is used to compensate for the vibrations. This work also proposes an accurate calibration process for the sensor based on standard calibration plates. A series of experiments are performed to evaluate the proposed method using a mechanical device that simulates vibrations. Results show excellent performance, with very good accuracy.
Metaphors of Nature and Economic Development: Critical Education for Sustainable Business
Authors: Kopnina Helen
Published: October 2014

Neoliberal discourse often conceptualizes nature in relation to its market utility and economic development. This article will address the role of metaphors in shaping neoliberal discourse in business education. The aim of this article is to reveal reasoning patterns about environmental problems and economic development in students of sustainable business minor. The case study described in this article involves business students at The Hague University in The Netherlands. This case study aimed to explore a shift in student understanding of environmental problems and economic development before and after the intervention. The results suggest that critical curriculum can inform students about the alternative conceptions as well as instruct them about potential solutions to the sustainability challenges. The article culminates with the argument that without goal-oriented education for sustainability; neoliberal education may not permit transcendence from unsustainable practices.
Additional records for Stenosagola newtoni Park & Carlton, 2013 (Staphylinidae: Pselaphinae: Faronitae), with notes on aedeagal morphology
Authors: Thorpe Stephen
Published: October 2014

The purpose of this short note is to identify morphospecies sp. 0471 of the Hope River Forest Fragmentation Project. It is Stenosagola newtoni Park & Carlton, 2013. The material listed herein raises the number of published specimen records for S. newtoni from 2 to 51. All additional 49 specimens are fully winged males, collected in flight intercept traps (FITs), from the South Island of New Zealand. Examination of the new material has resulted in the detection of an error in the original description of S. newtoni, whereby the mirror image of the aedeagus was inadvertently illustrated. It is not a case of genitalic antisymmetry.
Le flâneur impatient
Authors: Merzeau Louise
Published: October 2014

Elles nous programment, nous re-programmons. Elles nous segmentent, nous déambulons. Elles accélèrent, nous paressons. Avec les machines, on peut toujours ruser.
Défaire l'événement
Authors: Citton Yves
Published: October 2014

Quand les géniales intuitions d’un auteur encore méconnu nous suggèrent d’interrompre la chaîne logique des événements par de salutaires happenings...
Duetto philosophique
Authors: Pourriol Ollivier
Published: October 2014

Impossible à définir, le rythme ? Et si on essayait une petite conversation entre amis ?
L'invention perpétuelle
Authors: Tabachnik Michel
Published: October 2014

Le temps musique n’est pas borné par le temps physique. La preuve : chaque civilisation se forge ses propres rythmes.
L'homme synchronisé
Authors: Ertzscheid Olivier
Published: October 2014

Autorisez-vous Big Brother à vous envoyer des notifications ?
Méga-vagues
Authors: d’Huy Pierre
Published: October 2014

La fin de la cinquième méga-vague des cycles économiques de Kondratieff est proche. Que nous réserve la sixième ?
L'automate et le danseur
Authors: Soriano Paul
Published: October 2014

Le rythme asservit. Et pourtant, il module le style d’un créateur ou la petite musique singulière de l’homme libre, celui qui fait danser quand d’autres nous font marcher.
Une prise en charge éclatée
Authors: Laurant Sophie
Published: October 2014

Alors que les mineurs étrangers isolés ne représentent qu’un nombre infime des enfants en danger bénéficiant d’une protection, des dispositifs spécifiques, en marge du droit commun, ont pourtant été créés sur tout le territoire pour les accueillir et les accompagner. Certains sont aujourd’hui insérés dans le dispositif national de répartition des MIE conçu pour éviter les disparités territoriales de traitement et répartir la « charge » que ces enfants constitueraient pour les départements. De là à parler d’harmonisation des pratiques et d’efficacité de la protection...
Justiciables au rabais ?
Authors: Bocciarelli Éric
Published: October 2014

Défenseurs naturels de l’intérêt de l’enfant, les juges des enfants devraient garantir aux mineurs isolés étrangers la même protection qu’à n’importe quel mineur en danger. Ce qui n’est pas toujours le cas en pratique. La faute au fatalisme ou à l’impéritie de certains juges qui font prévaloir les intérêts des conseils généraux sur celui de l’enfant ? Une situation aggravée encore par le protocole passé entre l’État et l’Assemblée des départements de France, relatif à la protection des MIE, qui limite l’accès au juge.
Troubles dans la protection de l'enfance
Authors: Ott Laurent
Published: October 2014

Si les mineurs étrangers isolés semblent poser des problèmes financiers aux conseils généraux, compétents en matière de protection de l’enfance, ils en posent tout autant aux travailleurs sociaux en charge de leur accueil et de leur accompagnement social. Comment expliquer ces réactions pour le moins atypiques des professionnels de la protection de l’enfance ?
Aimez-vous Wagner ?
Authors: Vivès Jean-Michel
Published: October 2014

Richard Wagner est sans doute l’un des rares compositeurs qui divise de façon aussi tranchée les mélomanes. On a pu parler de wagnerolâtres mais également de wagnerophobes... et au sujet de la participation au festival de Bayreuth, où sont représentés chaque année les opéras de Wagner, de « pèlerinage ». Ces termes, que l’on verrait difficilement appliqués à un autre compositeur, indiquent bien l’effet passionnel déclenché par la musique du créateur de Tristan et Isolde . Qu’entend donc le mélomane pour être aussi violemment sollicité ou au contraire si brutalement dérangé lorsqu’il se met à l’écoute de la musique de Wagner ? C’est à partir d’une étude de la mélo-manie ou passion musicale et de la temporalité spécifique développée par l’œuvre wagnérienne que l’auteur de cet article s’attache à répondre à cette question.
Entre sexe et genre, la voie de l'opéra
Authors: Brousselle André , Tabery Vanda
Published: October 2014

La question de la différenciation des sexes clive les théories du sexe et celles du genre. On la retrouve à propos des castrats de l’opéra baroque qui suscitent soit déni, soit « délire » de la castration féminine. Entre ces extrêmes, la voix transporte avec bonheur, entre masculin et féminin, et peut aussi exprimer l’énigmatique.
« Le sublime wagnérien »
Authors: de Mijolla-Mellor Sophie
Published: October 2014

L’impossibilité du héros wagnérien à rejoindre l’objet de son désir n’est pas seulement un choix contre l’accomplissement amoureux au bénéfice du devoir d’obéissance à la Loi. Pour cet « homme pur et insensé que la pitié instruit » il est en permanence question de la damnation parce que le désir et le plaisir des sens sont si violents qu’ils rendent fous. Est-ce que la beauté de la musique de Wagner nous fait avancer dans la définition du sublime et éventuellement son lien avec la sublimation ? Le sublime wagnérien, bien loin de ses considérations au sujet de la rédemption du pécheur tient dans cette capacité de porter la certitude sensible de la jouissance au niveau d’un vécu métaphysique, excitation artistique qui confine au mystique malheureusement récupéré dans le religieux, comme le déplorera Nietzsche, au lieu de demeurer dans le trouble de la tension musicale.
Louis II de Bavière et l'opéra de Wagner : de la sublimation à la chute
Authors: De Neuter Patrick , Lippi Silvia
Published: October 2014

La psychose de Louis II de Bavière est devenue apparente à la mort de Wagner. Le roi avait son admirateur inconditionnel, son mécène et le co-constructeur de son œuvre. Bien plus, il lui vouait un amour aussi passionné que platonique. Mais c’est aussi la fréquentation compulsive de Lohengrin et Tannhäuser qui permirent à Louis II d’éviter la décompensation psychotique jusqu’à la mort de Wagner, son idéal du moi. Les auteurs convoquent les concepts d’idéal, de sublimation et la problématique de la confrontation au réel de la mort et de la voix, pour rendre compte de ce destin tragique.
« L'accord de Tristan » ; l'impossible accord du voile et de la voile
Authors: Gillie Claire
Published: October 2014

« L’accord de Tristan » qui ouvre la partition de Tristan und Isolde , ferme l’ère d’une tradition musicale divisée entre deux modes (majeur, mineur). Point de suture entre tonalisme et atonalisme, il crée le doute harmonique. Entre cette « communauté inavouable » du premier accord, et le rien qu’ouvre le dernier accord, se déploie une écriture musicale de l’impossible dont nous ferons une lecture psychanalytique depuis « la fonction du voile » chez Lacan. Ce voile sonore a son pendant scopique : « la » voile, signe d’amour ou de mort qui entraîne l’auditeur dans l’exil à deux de Tristan vers le Rien.
Le destin de la haine chez Wagner
Authors: Petit Laetitia , Brohm Jean-Marie
Published: October 2014

L’œuvre de Wagner est symptomatique d’une question qui concerne la musique dans son ensemble, aussitôt qu’elle prend en charge la parole dans la forme opéra. Le traitement de la haine y trouve un terrain d’expression privilégié et nous devons résoudre la tension qui résulte de cette priorité que Wagner accorde au champ du symbolique, jusque dans l’écriture musicale elle-même. Cela n’empêche pas pour autant les effets de réel, que ce soit la haine ou l’idolâtrie d’un sublime poussé à son acmé.
« Wagner metteur en scène »
Authors: Dachet François
Published: October 2014

Là où il apparaît dans les débats que suscite l’invention de la psychanalyse aux commencements du vingtième siècle, le nom de Richard Wagner flèche l’interrogation nietzschéenne concernant l’art et la vie. À ce problème discuté entre son père Max Graf et Freud à l’époque de sa naissance, Herbert Graf cherche pour sa génération une réponse renouvelée dont on trouve les composantes dans la thèse qu’il soutient en 1926 et dans les mises en scènes qu’il crée un demi-siècle durant à partir de cette date. Mettant en jeu concepts et façons de penser freudiens, Herbert Graf détourne le nom du fondateur de Bayreuth. Il écarte le romantisme schopenhauerien d’où ont émergé les opéras de Wagner, pour faire vivre la scène lyrique dans son ensemble. Il soutient ainsi, avec son père, la vie du désir contre le renoncement de l’ataraxie.
Benign Recurrent Sixth Nerve Palsy in an Infant
Authors: Jukes Catherine
Published: October 2014

Acquired sixth nerve palsies in children are rare and may indicate serious underlying pathologies such as tumors, trauma, or raised intracranial pressure. A case of an infant with three episodes of benign sixth nerve palsy is presented.
[J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus 2014;51:e55–e57.]
Sixth Cranial Nerve Palsy Due to Arachnoid Cyst
Authors: Raveenthiran Venkatachalam , Reshma Khajamohideen B.
Published: October 2014

Sixth cranial nerve palsy is an extremely rare complication of an arachnoid cyst. A 4-year-old boy who presented with left abducens palsy and a subdural hygroma complicating arachnoid cyst is discussed. Comprehensive review of the world literature revealed only 12 additional cases.
[J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus 2014;51:e58–e61.]
Recurrent Ocular Involvement in Pediatric Atypical Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome
Authors: Zheng Xiaoyu , Gorovoy Ian R. , Mao Jianhua , Jin Ji , Chen Xi , Cui Qi N.
Published: October 2014

Atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) is a subtype of thrombotic microangiopathy associated with complement alternative pathway dysregulation. It is clinically characterized by a relapsing course and a poor prognosis. Multiple organ systems are commonly affected by thrombotic microangiopathy in pediatric atypical HUS; however, ocular involvement is rarely reported. The case of an 11-year-old girl diagnosed as having atypical HUS who presented with bilateral central retinal vein occlusions with macular subhyaloid hemorrhage during her initial onset and ophthalmoplegia, diplopia, and optic disc edema during her relapsing episode 1 year later is described. All ocular manifestations occurred in the convalescence phase of atypical HUS. No other extrarenal complications were found and full recovery was achieved following typical treatment for atypical HUS (ie, plasma infusion, steroid, and supportive therapy). This is thought to be the first reported case of recurrent ocular involvement in pediatric atypical HUS.
[J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus 2014;51:e62–e65.]
Evaluation of Fall Risk Assessment Tools for Psychiatric Patient Fall Prevention: A Comparative Study
Authors: Van Dyke Debra , Singley Bruce , Speroni Karen Gabel , Daniel Marlon G.
Published: October 2014

The Hendrich II Fall Risk Model™ (Hendrich II) is used to determine patient fall risks. However, the WilsonSims Fall Risk Assessment Tool (WSFRAT) is more specific to psychiatric patients. The current study tested the Hendrich II and WSFRAT simultaneously to determine which tool was the most predictive for patient falls in a psychiatric population. Fall risk assessments using the Hendrich II and WSFRAT tools were completed through discharge. Fall risk assessment scores, medications, and falls data were documented. Fifty patients who met eligibility criteria generated 319 observations; of the 50 patients, two (4%) experienced falls. Sensitivity was 100% for the Hendrich II and WSFRAT, with all patients properly categorized as high risk for falling. Both assessments had similar specificity (Hendrich II = 67.8%; WSFRAT = 63.1%). Both tools have similar specificity; thus, additional research is warranted. [
Journal of Psychosocial Nursing and Mental Health Services, 52
(12), 30–35.]
Coding is Not a Dirty Word
Authors: Bhattacharya Kakali
Published: October 2014

Current discourses in qualitative research, especially those situated in postmodernism, represent coding and the technology that assists with coding as reductive, lacking complexity, and detached from theory. In this chapter, the author presents a counter-narrative to this dominant discourse in qualitative research. The author argues that coding is not necessarily devoid of theory, nor does the use of software for data management and analysis automatically render scholarship theoretically lightweight or barren. A lack of deep analytical insight is a consequence not of software but of epistemology. Using examples informed by interpretive and critical approaches, the author demonstrates how NVivo can provide an effective tool for data management and analysis. The author also highlights ideas for critical and deconstructive approaches in qualitative inquiry while using NVivo. By troubling the positivist discourse of coding, the author seeks to create dialogic spaces that integrate theory with technology-driven data management and analysis, while maintaining the depth and rigor of qualitative research.
Video-Conferencing Interviews in Qualitative Research
Authors: Nehls Kimberly , Smith Brandy D. , Schneider Holly A.
Published: October 2014

This chapter synthesizes the literature on real-time, synchronous, video interviews as a qualitative data collection method. The authors specifically focus on the advantages and disadvantages of this method in social science research and offer conceptual themes, practical techniques, and recommendations for using video-interviews. The growing popularity of computer-mediated communication indicates that a wider audience will be willing and able to participate in research using this method; therefore, online video-conferencing could be considered a viable option for qualitative data collection.
Sampling Public Sentiment Using Related Tags (and User-Created Content) Networks from Social Media Platforms
Authors: Hai-Jew Shalin
Published: October 2014

The broad popularity of social content-sharing sites like Flickr and YouTube have enabled the public to access a variety of photographs and videos on a wide range of topics. In addition to these resources, some new capabilities in multiple software programs enable the extraction of related tags networks from these collections. Related tags networks are relational contents built on the descriptive metadata created by the creators of the digital contents. This chapter offers some insights on how to understand public sentiment (inferentially and analytically) from related tags and content networks from social media platforms. This indirect approach contributes to Open-Source Intelligence (OSINT) with nuanced information (and some pretty tight limits about assertions and generalizability). The software tools explored for related tags data extractions include Network Overview, Discovery, and Exploration for Excel (NodeXL) (an open-source graph visualization tool which is an add-in to Microsoft Excel), NCapture in NVivo 10 (a commercial qualitative data analysis tool), and Maltego Tungsten (a commercial penetration-testing Internet-network-extraction tool formerly known as Maltego Radium).
Discount Focus Subgroup Method
Authors: Halaweh Mohanad
Published: October 2014

This chapter develops an innovative focus group method—the Discount Focus Subgroup (DFSG)—through its application in research aimed at identifying the ethical and social concerns of using an emerging technology, called near field communication, for mobile payments. The DFSG method was needed to address the challenges encountered when this research was conducted, such as limited financial research resources, the emergent nature of the research topic, and the challenges of gathering and analyzing qualitative data. This chapter illustrates when and how to use the DFSG method. It provides the methodological steps for its application, which can be followed while researching emerging topics in the Information Systems (IS) field. The chapter also discusses why DFSG is an innovative method and reflects on its application.
Semantic Models for Competence-Based Assessment
Authors: Ilahi Mounira , Belcadhi Lilia Cheniti , Braham Rafik
Published: October 2014

Recognizing the inadequacy of current traditional knowledge-based assessment systems in Higher Education to achieve performance visibility, it is needed to rethink how to design new assessment approaches that can respond to the corporate requirements of the 21st century and reflect the learners' competences. This paper considers the Competence-Based Assessment. It explores the importance of competency and competence modeling conceptual understanding. The research reviews the benchmark literature on the concepts, models and approaches of competence and competency and explores the confusions surrounding the pair of concepts; thus enabling to build the competence-based assessment approach within e-learning environments in an effective and efficient way. The proposed approach is characterized by the convergence of lifelong, formal, non formal and informal competence-based learning activities.
Melancholia and Distance Education
Authors: Atay Simber
Published: October 2014

Melancholia and Distance Education is composed by these titles: “Memorial” is built for the victims of Resist Gezi. Lars von Trier's Melancholia (2011) is a symbol for our contemporary psychology. Distance Education, as an institution has a great global capacity and represents individualist challenge in a complex way. Emerging politics and cultural trends are efficient to design Distance Education and to form a critical eye for Distance Education as a communication category. Always and currently, Melancholia is one of the principal intellectual trends and some characteristics of Melancholia and Distance Education are equivalent.
A Review of America's Religious Institutions' Utilization of Information Communication Technologies in Shaping Social Policy and Governance
Authors: Adedoyin Christson , Jackson Mary S.
Published: October 2014

Information Communication and Technologies (ICTs) are vital tools that religious organizations pervasively utilize in the United States of America (USA) to shape social issues, influence social policy and participate in governance. This paper articulates the different methods of deploying ICTs by religious organizations toward social justice and human development in the USA from historical to contemporary times. Furthermore, the article highlights the nexus of intervention strategies and ICTs to address social problems such as poverty, unemployment, child abuse, human trafficking, and environmental issues. Contemporary ICTs applications such as twitter, Facebook, blogs, online communities and classical media outlets such as television, satellite communications and radios used by religious organization in influencing governance will be examined. Implications for teaching, practice and future research are delineated.
Problems First, Second and Third
Authors: Hill Gary , Turner Scott
Published: October 2014

This paper considers the need to focus initial programming education on problem-solving, prior to the teaching of programming syntax and software design methodology. The main vehicle for this approach is simple Lego based robots programmed in Java, followed by the programming of a graphical representation/simulation to develop programming skills. Problem solving is not trivial (Beaumont & Fox, 2003) and is an important skill, central to computing and engineering. The paper extends the authors earlier research on problems first and problem solving (Hill & Turner, 2011) to further emphasise the importance of problem-solving, problem based learning and the benefits of both physical and visual solutions. An approach will be considered, illustrated with a series of problem-solving tasks that increase in complexity at each stage and give the students practice in attempting problem-solving approaches, as well as assisting them to learn from their mistakes. Some of the problems include ambiguities or are purposely ill-defined, to enable the student to resolve these as part of the process. The benefits to students will be discussed including students' statements that this approach, using robots, provides a method to visually and physically see the outcome of a problem. In addition, students report that the method improves their satisfaction with the course. The importance of linking the problem-solving robot activity and the programming assignment, whilst maintaining the visual nature of the problem, will be discussed, together with the comparison of this work with similar work reported by other authors relating to teaching programming using robots (Williams, 2003). In addition, limitations will be discussed relating to the access to the physical robots and the alternative attempts to simulate the robots using three options of, Microsoft Robotics Studio (MSRS), Lego Mindstorms and Greenfoot simulators.
Achieving Work-Life Balance in the National Collegiate Athletic Association Division I Setting, Part I: The Role of the Head Athletic Trainer
Authors: Mazerolle Stephanie M. , Goodman Ashley , Pitney William A.
Published: October 2014

Context:

Supervisor support has been identified as key to the fulfillment of work-life balance for the athletic trainer (AT), yet limited literature exists on the perspectives of supervisors.

Objective:

To investigate how the head AT facilitates work-life balance among staff members within the National Collegiate Athletic Association Division I setting.

Design:

Qualitative study.

Setting:

Web-based management system.

Patients or Other Participants:

A total of 18 head ATs (13 men, 5 women; age = 44 ± 8 years, athletic training experience = 22 ± 7 years) volunteered for an asynchronous, Web-based interview.

Data Collection and Analysis:

Participants responded to a series of questions by journaling their thoughts and experiences. We included multiple-analyst triangulation, stakeholder checks, and peer review to establish data credibility. We analyzed the data via a general inductive approach.

Results:

Four prevailing themes emerged from the data: modeling work-life balance, encouraging disengagement from the AT role, cooperation and community workplace, and administrative support and understanding.

Conclusions:

Head ATs at the Division I level recognized the need to promote work-life balance among their staffs. They not only were supportive of policies that promote work-life balance, including spending time away from the role of the AT and teamwork among staff members, but also modeled and practiced the strategies that they promoted.
Perceptions of effective relationships in an institutional care setting for older people
Authors: Roos Vera , Du Toit Frans
Published: October 2014

Orientation: The relocation of older people to residential facilities has implications for their relationships.Research purpose: This article reports older residents’ perceptions of effective relationships.Motivation for the study: Effective relationships protect against loneliness and depression and contribute to well-being. The facility was identified by a social worker as a showcase for effective relationships, but it was not clear what these consist of.Research approach, design and method: The World Café, a qualitative, participatory action research method, was applied to an economically deprived, urban facility caring for older people in Gauteng, South Africa. Three positively framed questions elicited perceptions from participants (nine men, ten women, aged 65–89). Visual and textual data were obtained and thematically analysed until saturation had been achieved. Themes were then subjected to deductive direct content analysis in terms of Self-Interactional Group Theory (SIGT).Main findings: Older residents perceive care managers as friendly and trustworthy and co-residents as caring. Care managers were seen as flexible, empathetic and congruent leaders and they confirmed residents. Relationships between residents were parallel-defined with relational qualities such as empathy and unconditional acceptance. Residents’ needs for privacy were honoured and they felt confirmed. Group dynamics were underpinned by caring and a stimulating environment provided opportunities for engagement.Practical/managerial implications: Relationships between managers and consumers are facilitated by flexibility, empathy, congruence and unconditional acceptance. Supportive group dynamics develop when people confirm and accept one another. A stimulating environment that encourages continuous and close interpersonal contact contributes to effective relationships.Contribution/value-add: Effective relationships should be understood on different levels.
Numerical analysis of fluid flow and heat transfer in a helical rectangular duct of a converging diverging nozzle
Authors: Roy K. E. Reby , Prasad Bibin
Published: October 2014

Helical channels are widely applied in different application areas. In a converging diverging nozzle, helical channels are mainly used for cooling of its wall. The characteristics of fluid flow and heat transfer inside helical duct for a converging diverging nozzle is not commonly dealt in present literatures. In this paper CFD simulations are carried out for a helical rectangular duct of a converging diverging nozzle. In the present study the nozzle is oriented horizontally as a counter flow heat exchanger and analysis is done on ten helical ducts by changing the flow rates of four different fluids like water, ethanol, kerosene and Nano fluid. The fluid flow and heat transfer characteristics for the above fluids are studied along with the correlations for the prediction of Nusselt number for each fluid.Keywords: fluid flow, heat transfer, helical duct, Nusselt number, Dean number
Tribo-mechanical behaviour of SiC filled glass-epoxy composites at elevated temperatures
Authors: Mohan N. , Mahesha C. R. , Raja R
Published: October 2014

Polymer matrix composites are a promising candidate in tribological applications due to possibility of tailoring their properties with special fillers. Several methods have been developed to improve their performance. For instance, the introduction of ceramics such (SiC, Al2O3, TiC, etc.) as within the matrix notably increases the friction coefficient and reduces the wear loss. While glass fibers enhance the toughness of the matrix, silicon carbide shows high hardness, thermal stability and low chemical reactivity, leading to superior friction properties. In this work an attempt was made to evaluate the mechanical properties and tribological behaviour of glass fabric reinforced- epoxy (G-E) composites and silicon carbide filled glass fabric reinforced-epoxy (SiC-G-E) composites. The fabricated wear specimens were tested by using pin-on-disk test rig at various temperatures viz., 30, 60, 90 and 120º C at normal applied loads of 10 N and 20 N. Sliding velocity of the disc of 1.5 m/s was maintained and test was continued for each sample up to a sliding distance of 5000 m. The wear loss in both the composites increases with increase in temperature/applied load and under the same conditions the specific wear rate increases. However, silicon carbide particulate filled G-E composite exhibits lower wear rate with higher coefficient of friction as compared to virgin G-E composite. The elemental composition of worn surface of filler filled composites was quantitatively analyzed by using energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. The features of worn surfaces of the specimens tested at higher and lower temperatures at applied normal load of 20 N were examined under scanning electron microscope and also micro mechanism of fractured surfaces were examined through SEM and discussed.Keywords: Glass fabric-epoxy composites; Silicon carbide; Micro mechanism; wear rate and wear mechanisms.
Modulation of Saharan dust export by the North African dipole
Authors: Rodríguez S. , Cuevas E. , Prospero J. M. , Alastuey A. , Querol X. , López-Solano J. , García M. I. , Alonso-Pérez S.
Published: October 2014

Abstract. Desert dust aerosols influence air quality and climate on a global scale, including radiative forcing, cloud properties and carbon dioxide modulation through ocean fertilisation. North Africa is the largest and most active dust source worldwide; however, the mechanisms modulating year-to-year variability in Saharan dust export in summer remains unclear. In this season, enhanced dust mobilization in the hyper-arid Sahara results in maximum dust impacts throughout the North Atlantic. The objective of this study is to identify the relationship between the long term interannual variability in Saharan dust export in summer and large scale meteorology in western North Africa. We address this issue by analysing ~25 yr (1987–2012) dust concentrations at the high altitude Izaña observatory (2373 m a.s.l.) in Tenerife Island, satellite and meteorological reanalysis data. Because in summer Saharan dust export occurs at altitudes 1–5 km, we paid special attention to the summer meteorological scenario in the 700 hPa standard level, characterised by a high over the subtropical Sahara and lower geopotential heights over the tropics; we measured the intensity of this low-high dipole like pattern in terms of the North AFrican Dipole Index (NAFDI): the difference of the 700 hPa geopotential heights anomalies averaged over central Morocco (subtropic) and over Bamako region (tropic). The correlations we found between the 1987–2012 NAFDI with dust at Izaña, satellite dust observations and meteorological re-analysis data, indicates that increase in the NAFDI (i) results in higher wind speeds at the north of the Inter-Tropical Convergence Zone which enhances dust export over the subtropical North Atlantic, (ii) influences on the size distribution of exported dust particles, increasing the load of coarse dust and (iii) are associated with higher rainfall over tropical North Africa and the Sahel. Because of the North African dipole modulation, inter-annual variability in Saharan dust export is correlated with monsoon rainfall in the Sahel. High values of the NAFDI enhance dust export at subtropical latitudes. Our results suggest that long term variability in Saharan dust export may be influenced by global oscillations in the climate of the tropics and subtropics and that this may have influenced dust transport pathways in the last decades.
Vapor wall deposition in Teflon chambers
Authors: Zhang X. , Schwantes R. H. , McVay R. C. , Lignell H , Coggon M. M. , Flagan R. C. , Seinfeld J. H.
Published: October 2014

Abstract. Teflon chambers are ubiquitous in studies of atmospheric chemistry. Secondary organic aerosol (SOA) formation can be substantially underestimated owing to deposition of SOA-forming compounds to chamber walls. We present here an experimental protocol to constrain the nature of wall deposition of organic vapors in Teflon chambers. We measured the wall deposition rates of 25 oxidized organic compounds generated from the photooxidation of isoprene, toluene, α-pinene, and dodecane in two chambers that had been extensively used and in two new unused chambers. We found that the extent of prior use of the chamber did not significantly affect the sorption behavior of the Teflon films. The dominant parameter governing the extent of wall deposition of a compound is its wall accommodation coefficient (αw,i), which can be correlated through its volatility (Ci*) with the number of carbons (nC) and oxygens (nO) in the molecule. Among the 25 compounds studied, the maximum wall deposition rate is approached by the most highly oxygenated and least volatile compounds. The extent to which vapor wall deposition impacts measured SOA yields depends on the competition between uptake of organic vapors by suspended particles and chamber walls. Gas-particle equilibrium partitioning is established relatively rapidly in the presence of perfect accommodation of organic vapors onto particles or when a sufficiently large concentration of suspended particles is present. The timescale associated with vapor wall deposition can vary from minutes to hours depending on the value of αw,i. For volatile and intermediate volatility organic compounds (small αw,i), gas-particle partitioning will be dominant for typical particle number concentrations in chamber experiments. For large αw,i, vapor transport to particles is suppressed by competition with the chamber walls even with perfect particle accommodation.
Properties of dissolved and total organic matter in throughfall, stemflow and forest floor leachate of Central European forests
Authors: Bischoff S. , Schwarz M. T. , Siemens J. , Thieme L. , Wilcke W. , Michalzik B.
Published: October 2014

Abstract. For the first time, we investigated the composition of dissolved organic matter (DOM) compared to total OM (TOM, consisting of DOM and particulate OM, POM) in throughfall, stemflow and forest floor leachate of beech and spruce forests using solid state 13C nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. We hypothesized that the composition and properties of OM in forest ecosystem water samples differed between DOM and TOM and between the two tree species. Under beech, a contribution of phyllosphere-derived fresh POM was echoed in structural differences. Compared with DOM, TOM exhibited higher relative intensities for the alkyl C region, representing aliphatic C from less decomposed organic material, and lower relative intensities for lignin-derived and aromatic C of the aryl C region, resulting in lower aromaticity indices and reduced humification intensities. Since differences in the structural composition of DOM and TOM were less pronounced under spruce than under beech, we suspect a~tree species-related effect on the origin of OM composition and resulting properties (e.g. recalcitrance, allelopathic potential).
Development of a semi-parametric PAR (Photosynthetically Active Radiation) partitioning model for the United States, version 1.0
Authors: Kathilankal J. C. , O'Halloran T. L. , Schmidt A. , Hanson C. V. , Law B. E.
Published: October 2014

Abstract. A semi-parametric PAR diffuse radiation model was developed using commonly measured climatic variables from 108 site-years of data from 17 AmeriFlux sites. The model has a logistic form and improves upon previous efforts using a larger data set and physically viable climate variables as predictors, including relative humidity, clearness index, surface albedo and solar elevation angle. Model performance was evaluated by comparison with a simple cubic polynomial model developed for the PAR spectral range. The logistic model outperformed the polynomial model with an improved coefficient of determination and slope relative to measured data (logistic: R2 = 0.76; slope = 0.76; cubic: R2 = 0.73; slope = 0.72), making this the most robust PAR-partitioning model for the United States currently available.
A simple object-oriented and open source model for scientific and policy analyses of the global carbon cycle – Hector v0.1
Authors: Hartin C. A. , Patel P. , Schwarber A. , Link R. P. , Bond-Lamberty B. P.
Published: October 2014

Abstract. Simple climate models play an integral role in policy and scientific communities. They are used for climate mitigation scenarios within integrated assessment models, complex climate model emulation, and uncertainty analyses. Here we describe Hector v0.1, an open source, object-oriented, simple global climate carbon-cycle model. This model runs essentially instantaneously while still representing the most critical global scale earth system processes. Hector has three main carbon pools: an atmosphere, land, and ocean. The model's terrestrial carbon cycle includes respiration and primary production, accommodating arbitrary geographic divisions into, e.g., ecological biomes or political units. Hector's actively solves the inorganic carbon system in the surface ocean, directly calculating air–sea fluxes of carbon and ocean pH. Hector reproduces the global historical trends of atmospheric [CO2] and surface temperatures. The model simulates all four Representative Concentration Pathways with high correlations (R>0.7) with current observations, MAGICC (a well-known simple climate model), and the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project version 5. Hector is freely available under an open source license, and its modular design will facilitate a broad range of research in various areas.
Rn and CO2 geochemistry of soil gas across the active fault zones in the capital area of China
Authors: Han X. , Li Y. , Du J. , Zhou X. , Xie C. , Zhang W.
Published: October 2014

Abstract. The present work is proposed to investigate the spatiotemporal variations in soil gas Rn and CO2 across the active faults in the capital area of China in order to understand fault activities and assess seismic hazard. A total of 342 soil gas sampling sites were measured twice in 2011 and 2012 along seven profiles and across four faults. The results of soil gas surveys show that, in each profile, due to the variation in gas emission rate, the concentrations of Rn and CO2 changed in the vicinity of faults. Spatial distributions of Rn and CO2 in the study areas were different from each other, which was attributed to soil types affecting the existence of Rn and CO2. Compared with the measurement result of 2011, the increasing amplitude of average concentration value of Rn and CO2 in profiles in 2012 ranged from 30.2 to 123.4% and 66.3 to 131.7%, respectively, which were coincident with the enhancement of seismic activities in the capital area of China. Our results indicate that special attention with regard to seismic monitoring should be paid to the Xinbaoan–Shacheng Fault and the northeastern segment of the Tangshan Fault in the future.
Reconstructing bottom water temperatures from measurements of temperature and thermal diffusivity in marine sediments
Authors: Miesner F. , Lechleiter A. , Müller C.
Published: October 2014

Abstract. Temperature fields in marine sediments are studied for various purposes. Often, the target of research is the steady state heat flow as a (possible) source of energy but there are also studies attempting to reconstruct bottom water temperature variations to understand more about climate history. The bottom water temperature propagates into the sediment to different depths, depending on the amplitude and period of the deviation. The steady state heat flow can only be determined when the bottom water temperature is constant while the bottom water temperature history can only be reconstructed when the deviation has an amplitude large enough or the measurements are taken in great depths. In this work, the aim is to reconstruct recent bottom water temperature history such as the last two years. To this end, measurements to depths of up to 6 m shall be adequate and amplitudes smaller than 1 K should be reconstructable. First, a commonly used forward model is introduced and analyzed: knowing the bottom water temperature deviation in the last years and the thermal properties of the sediments, the forward model gives the sediment temperature field. Next, an inversion operator and two common inversion schemes are introduced. The analysis of the inversion operator and both algorithms is kept short, but sources for further reading are given. The algorithms are then tested for artificial data with different noise levels and for two example data sets, one from the German North Sea and one from the Davis Strait. Both algorithms show good and stable results for artificial data. The achieved results for measured data have low variances and match to the observed oceanographic settings. Lastly, the desired and obtained accuracy are discussed. For artificial data, the presented method yields satisfying results. However, for measured data the interpretation of the results is more difficult as the exact form of the bottom water deviation is not known. Nevertheless, the presented inversion method seems rather promising due to its accuracy and stability for artificial data. Continuing to work on the development of more sophisticated models for the bottom water temperature, we hope to cover more different oceanographic settings in the future.
Quantifying meltwater refreezing along a transect of sites on the Greenland Icesheet
Authors: Cox C. , Humphrey N. , Harper J.
Published: October 2014

Abstract. On the Greenland ice sheet, a significant quantity of surface melt water refreezes within the firn creating uncertainty in surface mass balance estimates. This refreezing has the potential to buffer seasonal runoff to future increases in melting, but direct measurement of the process remains difficult. We present a method for quantifying refreezing at point locations using in situ firn temperature observations. A time series of sub-hourly firn temperature profiles were collected over the course of two melt seasons from 2007 to 2009 along a transect of 11 sites in the accumulation zone of Greenland. Seasonal changes in temperature profiles combined with heat flux estimates based on high temporal resolution temperature gradients, enable us to isolate the heat released by refreezing using conservation of energy. Our method is verified from winter data when no refreezing takes place, and uncertainty is estimated using a monte carlo technique. Results provide additional evidence of a significant amount of refreezing taking place at depths greater than 1 m and that runoff begins to occur above the ELA. Near the runoff limit, lateral migration of melt water significantly complicates the relationship between total surface melt and total refreezing.
Supply Chain Management Opportunities for Regional Economic Development
Authors: Closs David J. , Bolumole Yemisi A. , Rodammer Fredrick
Published: October 2014

Global competition has intensified geographic repositioning of supply chain activities with implications for the economic prosperity of specific regions and geographies affected by such shifts. Despite recent advancements made in the theory and practice of facility location decisions, a gap exists in understanding how these decisions are influenced by regional geographies and their respective supply chain capabilities. As economic development agencies recognize the value inherent in location-specific and geographically concentrated supply chain capabilities, this research explores how these affect regional prosperity and economic development. Through a combination of exploratory Delphi panels, web content analysis, and cluster mapping procedures, the research suggests a framework highlighting the potential role of regional supply chain capabilities and public sector strategies on economic development outcomes. Findings indicate that regional geographies are differentially and uniquely qualified to serve as supply chain hubs by capitalizing on these capabilities through actionable public- and private sector interventions. Regional differentiation lies in supply chain elements that are place-luck embedded and as such difficult to acquire, change, or modify.
COMO UM TEXTO – CONFIGURAÇÕES DA ESCRITA DO MUNICÍPIO COLONIAL
Authors: Magalhães Justino
Published: October 2014

A história da administração concelhia é constituída por um elemento externo, dependente do poder central, e por uma internalidade. A fundação do município, como a modernização e o sentido evolutivo da administração e da vida concelhias foram ordenados e ficaram registados pela escrita. O município é constituído por um conjunto de órgãos e oficiais, cuja administração e ordem assentam na escrita. A formalização, a profissionalização, a especialização da escrita concelhia dão sentido ao municipalismo. A escrita foi estruturante da economia, do governo e da administração colonial. O município colonial foi um local e uma instância de representação, organização e ideação. Neste texto, incidir-se-á sobre a escrita municipal, destacando a função do escrivão e caracterizando as dimensões de adequação e configuração, legitimação, expansão, formalização, profissionalização da escrita municipal. Argumentar-se-á que a (re)significação da escrita municipal, particularmente a colonial, foi modelada pela noção de texto, portanto, como um texto.