bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
In Vitro Assessment of the Genotoxic Potential of Pristine Graphene Platelets
Authors: Malkova Andrea , Svadlakova Tereza , Singh Avni , Kolackova Martina , Vankova Radka , Borsky Pavel , Holmannova Drahomira , Karas Adam , Borska Lenka , Fiala Zdenek
Published: August 2021

(1) Background: Graphene is a two-dimensional atomic structure with a wide range of uses, including for biomedical applications. However, knowledge of its hazards is still limited. This work brings new cytotoxic, cytostatic, genotoxic and immunotoxic data concerning the in vitro exposure of human cell line to two types of graphene platelets (GP). It also contributes to the formation of general conclusions about the health risks of GP exposure. (2) Methods: In vitro exposure of a THP-1 cell line to three concentrations of two GP over 40 h. The cytotoxic potential was assessed by the measurement of LDH and glutathione (ROS) and by a trypan blue exclusion assay (TBEA); the cytostatic and genotoxic potential were assessed by the cytokinesis-block micronucleus (CBMN) test; and the immunotoxic potential was assessed by the measurement of IL-6, IL-10 and TNF-α. (3) Results: We found a significant dose-dependent increase in DNA damage (CBMN). The lowest observed genotoxic effect levels (LOGEL) were 5 µg/mL (GP1) and 30 µg/mL (GP2). We found no significant leaking of LDH from cells, increase in dead cells (TBEA), induction of ROS, increased levels of cytostasis, or changes in IL-6, IL-10 and TNF-α levels. (4) Conclusions: The genotoxicity increased during the short-term in vitro exposure of THP-1 to two GP. No increase in cytotoxicity, immunotoxicity, or cytostasis was observed.
Efficiency of Wood-Dust of Dalbergia sisoo as Low-Cost Adsorbent for Rhodamine-B Dye Removal
Authors: Shrestha Dibyashree
Published: August 2021

Wood-dust of Dalbergia sisoo (Sisau) derived activated carbon (AC) was successfully tested as an adsorbent material for the removal of rhodamine B dye from an aqueous solution. The AC was prepared in a laboratory by the carbonization of wood powder of Dalbergia sisoo at 400 °C in an inert atmosphere of N2, which was chemically activated with H3PO4. Several instrumental techniques have been employed to characterize the as-prepared AC (Db-s). Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA)/differential scanning colorimetry (DSC) confirmed that 400 °C was an appropriate temperature for the carbonization of raw wood powder. The FTIR spectra clearly confirmed the presence of oxygenated functional groups such as hydroxyl (–OH), aldehyde/ketone (–CHO/C=O) and ether (C–O–C) at its surface. The XRD pattern showed the amorphous structure of carbon having the 002 and 100 planes, whereas the Raman spectra clearly displayed G and D bands that further confirmed the amorphous nature of carbon. The SEM images displayed the high porosity, and the BET analysis revealed a high surface area of 1376 m2 g−1, a pore volume of 1.2 cm3 g−1, and a pore size of 4.06 nm with the coexistence of micropores and mesopores. The adsorption of dyes was performed by varying the dye concentration, pH, time, and the sample dose. The maximum percent of RhB dye removal by AC (Db-s) was 98.4% at an aqueous solution of 20 ppm, pH 8.5, an adsorbent dose of 0.03 g, and a time of 5 min. This study proved to be successful in addressing the local problem of wastewater pollution of garment and textile industrial effluents using locally available agro-waste of Dalbergia sisoo.
Cellular Responses Induced by Zinc in Zebra Mussel Haemocytes. Loss of DNA Integrity as a Cellular Mechanism to Evaluate the Suitability of Nanocellulose-Based Materials in Nanoremediation
Authors: Guidi Patrizia , Bernardeschi Margherita , Palumbo Mara , Scarcelli Vittoria , Genovese Massimo , Protano Giuseppe , Vitiello Valentina , Pontorno Lorenzo , Bonciani Lisa , Buttino Isabella , Chiaretti Gianluca , Pellegrini David , Fiorati Andrea , Riva Laura , Punta Carlo , Corsi Ilaria , Frenzilli Giada
Published: August 2021

Zinc environmental levels are increasing due to human activities, posing a threat to ecosystems and human health. Therefore, new tools able to remediate Zn contamination in freshwater are highly recommended. Specimens of Dreissena polymorpha (zebra mussel) were exposed for 48 h and 7 days to a wide range of ZnCl2 nominal concentrations (1–10–50–100 mg/L), including those environmentally relevant. Cellulose-based nanosponges (CNS) were also tested to assess their safety and suitability for Zn removal from freshwater. Zebra mussels were exposed to 50 mg/L ZnCl2 alone or incubated with 1.25 g/L of CNS (2 h) and then removed by filtration. The effect of Zn decontamination induced by CNS has been verified by the acute toxicity bioassay Microtox®. DNA primary damage was investigated by the Comet assay; micronuclei frequency and nuclear morphological alterations were assessed by Cytome assay in mussels’ haemocytes. The results confirmed the genotoxic effect of ZnCl2 in zebra mussel haemocytes at 48 h and 7-day exposure time. Zinc concentrations were measured in CNS, suggesting that cellulose-based nanosponges were able to remove Zn(II) by reducing its levels in exposure waters and soft tissues of D. polymorpha in agreement with the observed restoration of genetic damage exerted by zinc exposure alone.
Regulatory Mechanism of Copper Oxide Nanoparticles on Uptake of Different Species of Arsenic in Rice
Authors: Wu Qianhua , Shi Jiyan , Jiang Xiaohan , Wu Hanxin
Published: August 2021

Copper oxide nanoparticles (CuO NPs) are widely used as a fungicide in agriculture. The application of CuO NPs in agriculture affects the growth of rice and metal accumulation in rice. However, the mechanism of CuO NPs on arsenic (As) accumulation in rice remains unclear. In this study, a hydroponic culture was produced to investigate the mechanism of the effect of 50 and 100 mg L−1 CuO NPs on As accumulation in rice. Our results showed that CuO NPs decreased As(III/V) accumulation in the roots and shoots by adsorbing As(III/V), oxidizing of As(III) on the surface, and thickening the root cell wall. The addition of CuO NPs regulated the expression of the OsNIP1;1, OsHAC1;1, and OsHAC4 genes, which decreased As(III) transport and promoted As(V) reduction in the roots. Moreover, when CuO NPs were co-exposed to As, a negative correlation between the concentration of Cu and As in rice was also found in our study. However, CuO NPs significantly increased Cu accumulation in rice and constrained the rice growth. In conclusion, CuO NPs might be a promising way to decrease As accumulation in rice, but the negative effects such as growth inhibition should be further considered. Therefore, the application of CuO NPs in rice plants should take a more restrained approach.
Flax-Derived Carbon: A Highly Durable Electrode Material for Electrochemical Double-Layer Supercapacitors
Authors: Jakubec Petr , Bartusek Stanislav , Dvořáček Josef Jan , Šedajová Veronika , Kupka Vojtěch , Otyepka Michal
Published: August 2021

Owing to their low cost, good performance, and high lifetime stability, activated carbons (ACs) with a large surface area rank among the most popular materials deployed in commercially available electrochemical double-layer (EDLC) capacitors. Here, we report a simple two-step synthetic procedure for the preparation of activated carbon from natural flax. Such ACs possess a very high specific surface area (1649 m2 g–1) accompanied by a microporous structure with the size of pores below 2 nm. These features are behind the extraordinary electrochemical performance of flax-derived ACs in terms of their high values of specific capacitance (500 F g–1 at a current density of 0.25 A g–1 in the three-electrode setup and 189 F g–1 at a current density of 0.5 A g–1 in two-electrode setup.), high-rate stability, and outstanding lifetime capability (85% retention after 150,000 charging/discharging cycles recorded at the high current density of 5 A g–1). These findings demonstrate that flax-based ACs have more than competitive potential compared to standard and commercially available activated carbons.
Impact of Structural Functionalization, Pore Size, and Presence of Extra-Framework Ions on the Capture of Gaseous I2 by MOF Materials
Authors: Salles Fabrice , Zajac Jerzy
Published: August 2021

A computational approach is used on MOF materials to predict the structures showing the best performances for I2 adsorption as a function of the functionalization, the pore size, the presence of the compensating ions, and the flexibility on which to base future improvements in selected materials in view of their targeted application. Such an approach can be generalized for the adsorption of other gases or vapors. Following the results from the simulations, it was evidenced that the maximum capacity of I2 adsorption by MOF solids with longer organic moieties and larger pores could exceed that of previously tested materials. In particular, the best retention performance was evidenced for MIL-100-BTB. However, if the capacity to retain traces of gaseous I2 on the surface is considered, MIL-101-2CH3, MIL-101-2CF3, and UiO-66-2CH3 appear more promising. Furthermore, the impact of temperature is also investigated.
Sponge-like Chitosan Based Porous Monolith for Uraemic Toxins Sorption
Authors: Xiong Siyu , Lyu Yaxuan , Davenport Andrew , Choy Kwang Leong
Published: August 2021

More than three million patients are treated for kidney failure world-wide. Haemodialysis, the most commonly used treatment, requires large amounts of water and generates mountains of non-recyclable plastic waste. To improve the environmental footprint, dialysis treatments need to develop absorbents to regenerate the waste dialysate. Whereas conventional dialysis clears water-soluble toxins, it is not so effective in clearing protein-bound uraemic toxins (PBUTs), such as indoxyl sulfate (IS). Thus, developing absorption devices to remove both water-soluble toxins and PBUTs would be advantageous. Vapour induced phase separation (VIPS) has been used in this work to produce polycaprolactone/chitosan (PCL/CS) composite symmetric porous monoliths with extra porous carbon additives to increase creatinine and albumin-bound IS absorption. Moreover, these easy-to-fabricate porous monoliths can be formed into the required geometry. The PCL/CS porous monoliths absorbed 436 μg/g of albumin-bound IS and 2865 μg/g of creatinine in a single-pass perfusion model within 1 h. This porous PCL/CS monolith could potentially be used to absorb uraemic toxins, including PBUTs, and thus allow the regeneration of waste dialysate and the development of a new generation of environmentally sustainable dialysis treatments, including wearable devices.
Numerical Simulation of Hybrid Nanofluid Mixed Convection in a Lid-Driven Square Cavity with Magnetic Field Using High-Order Compact Scheme
Authors: Rashidi M. M. , Sadri M. , Sheremet M. A.
Published: August 2021

In this study, the energy transference of a hybrid Al2O3-Cu-H2O nanosuspension within a lid-driven heated square chamber is simulated. The domain is affected by a horizontal magnetic field. The vertical sidewalls are insulated and the horizontal borders of the chamber are held at different fixed temperatures. A fourth-order accuracy compact method is applied to work out the vorticity-stream function view of incompressible Oberbeck–Boussinesq equations. The method used is validated against previous numerical and experimental works and good agreement is shown. The flow patterns, Nusselt numbers, and velocity profiles are studied for different Richardson numbers, Hartmann numbers, and the solid volume fraction of hybrid nanoparticles. Flow field and heat convection are highly affected by the magnetic field and volume fraction of each type of nanoparticles in a hybrid nanofluid. The results show an improvement of heat transfer using nanoparticles. To achieve a higher heat transmission rate by using the hybrid nanofluid, flow parameters like Richardson number and Hartmann number should be considered.
Food Insecurity Pre- and Post the COVID-19 Pandemic and Economic Crisis in Lebanon: Prevalence and Projections
Authors: Kharroubi Samer , Naja Farah , Diab-El-Harake Marwa , Jomaa Lamis
Published: August 2021

The coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic has had serious repercussions on the global economy, work force, and food systems. In Lebanon, the pandemic overlapped with an economic crisis, which threatened to exacerbate food insecurity (FI). The present study aims to evaluate the trends and projections of FI in Lebanon due to overlapping health and economic crises. Data from Gallup World Poll (GWP) 2015–2017 surveys conducted in Lebanon on nationally representative adults (n = 3000) were used to assess FI trends and explore its sociodemographic correlates. Predictive models were performed to forecast trends in FI (2018–2022), using GWP data along with income reduction scenarios to estimate the impact of the pandemic and economic crises. Pre crises, trend analyses showed that FI could reach 27% considering wave year and income. Post crises, FI was estimated to reach on average 36% to 39%, considering 50–70% income reduction scenarios among Lebanese population. FI projections are expected to be higher among females compared to males and among older adults compared to younger ones (p < 0.05). These alarming findings call for emergency food security policies and evidence-based programs to mitigate the burden of multiple crises on the FI of Lebanese households and promote resilience for future shocks.
Lower Levels of Vitamin D Are Associated with an Increase in Insulin Resistance in Obese Brazilian Women
Authors: Schleu Minna F. , Barreto-Duarte Beatriz , Arriaga Maria B. , Araujo-Pereira Mariana , Ladeia Ana Marice , Andrade Bruno B. , Lima Maria L.
Published: August 2021

Adult women are more likely to be obese than men. Moreover, there is evidence that obesity is a risk factor for increased insulin resistance (IR) and hypovitaminosis D (VITD), conditions related to metabolic and endocrinologic disturbance. We performed a cross-sectional study with 103 women diagnosed with obesity, recruited between 2009 and 2013, in an obesity referral outpatient clinic in Bahia, Brazil. Laboratory and clinical characteristics were compared between the groups according to the degree of obesity (I, II and III), and levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] were used to define the VITD status (insufficiency and no insufficiency). We calculated the homeostatic model assessment-IR (HOMA-IR) index to assess insulin resistance in the groups. Our analyses revealed that HOMA-IR values and VITD levels were inversely correlated. Furthermore, we observed a distinct expression profile of values of laboratory markers according to 25(OH)D levels. Negative correlations were found between HOMA-IR and body mass index (BMI) in VITD insufficient participants but not in those with the sufficiency. Furthermore, multivariate regression demonstrated independent associations between lower levels of 25(OH)D and increased values of HOMA-IR. These findings suggests that lower levels of VITD are strongly associated with the increased IR in obese women.
Coeliac Disease in Elderly Patients: Value of Coeliac Lymphogram for Diagnosis
Authors: Fernández-Bañares Fernando , Farrais Sergio , Planella Montserrat , Melero Josefa , López-Palacios Natalia , Vivas Santiago , Fernández-Salazar Luis , Lanzarote Ana Pilar , Ruiz-Ramírez Pablo , Aguilar-Criado Marta , Vidal Judith , Esquerda Aureli , Serrano Cristina , Núñez Concepción
Published: August 2021

(1) Background: Although a meta-analysis reported that the sensitivity of CD3+ TCRγδ+ cells for coeliac disease diagnosis was >93%, a recent study has suggested that sensitivity decreased to 65% in elderly patients. (2) Aim: To evaluate whether the sensitivity of intraepithelial lymphocyte cytometric patterns for coeliac disease diagnosis changes with advanced age. (3) Methods: We performed a multicentre study including 127 coeliac disease patients ≥ 50 years: 87 with baseline cytometry (45 aged 50–59 years; 23 aged 60–69 years; 19 aged ≥ 70 years), 16 also with a follow-up cytometry (on a gluten-free diet); and 40 with only follow-up cytometry. (4) Results: In Marsh 3 patients, a sensitivity of 94.7%, 88.9% and 86.7% was observed for each age group using a cut-off value of TCRγδ+ >10% (p = 0.27); and a sensitivity of 84.2%, 83.4% and 53.3% for a cut-off value >14% (p = 0.02; 50–69 vs. ≥70 years), with difference between applying a cut-off of 10% or 14% (p = 0.008). The TCRγδ+ count in the ≥70 years group was lower than in the other groups (p = 0.014). (5) Conclusion: In coeliac patients ≥ 70 years, the TCRγδ+ count decreases and the cut-off point of >10% is more accurate than >14%.
Atractylodes chinensis Water Extract Ameliorates Obesity via Promotion of the SIRT1/AMPK Expression in High-Fat Diet-Induced Obese Mice
Authors: Park Yea-Jin , Seo Min-gyu , Cominguez Divina C. , Han Insik , An Hyo-Jin
Published: August 2021

Obesity remains a continuing global health concern, as it is associated with an increased risk of many chronic diseases. Atractylodes chinensis Koidz. (Ac) is traditionally used in the treatment of inflammatory diseases, such as arthritis, hepatitis, and gastric ulcers. Despite the diverse pharmacological activities of Ac, scientific evidence for the use of Ac in obesity is still limited. Therefore, the present study aimed to determine the anti-obesity effects of Ac. C57BL/6N mice were divided into five groups as follows: chow diet group (CON), 45% HFD group, HFD + oral administration of orlistat group, and HFD + oral administration of Ac groups. RT-PCR and western blotting were used to examine the expression of molecules relating to obesity progression. Ac-administered mice showed dramatically decreased body weight and weight gain compared to the high-fat diet (HFD)-fed mice. In addition, Ac administration attenuated the protein expression levels of adipogenic transcription factors in the white adipose tissue (WAT) and livers of HFD-fed mice. Furthermore, Ac administration declined the expression levels of lipogenic genes, while enhancing those of the fatty acid oxidation genes in the WAT of HFD-fed mice. Importantly, Ac administration highly upregulated the AMP-activated kinase (AMPK) and sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) expression levels in WAT of the HFD-induced obese mouse model. Our results provide evidence that Ac can effectively ameliorate weight gain and adipose tissue expansion.
The Hepcidin-25/Ferritin Ratio Is Increased in University Rugby Players with Lower Fat Mass
Authors: Nirengi Shinsuke , Fujibayashi Mami , Furuno Sachiko , Sukino Shin , Suganuma Akiko , Kawaguchi Yaeko , Kawase Yasuharu , Kotani Kazuhiko , Sakane Naoki
Published: August 2021

Hepcidin-25 is suggested as a surrogate iron status marker in athletes who show exercise-induced anemia; however, the implications of hepcidin concentration in this population remain poorly understood. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between hepcidin and body fat levels in rugby football players. We included 40 male university rugby football players (RUG) and 40 non-athlete controls. All participants underwent an anthropometric analysis and blood testing that included both hepcidin-25 and ferritin levels. The hepcidin-25 level was slightly (11.6%, p = 0.50) higher, and the ferritin level was significantly (35.9%, p < 0.05) lower, in the RUG group than in controls. The hepcidin-25 to-ferritin ratio was significantly higher (62.5%, p < 0.05) in the RUG group. While significant U-shaped correlations were observed between the body fat and ferritin levels in both groups, the correlations between the hepcidin levels and fat mass index were significantly higher in the RUG group (RUG: r = 0.79, controls: r = 0.45). Notably, the RUG with the lower fat mass index group had a higher hepcidin-25 level, lower ferritin level, and then significantly higher hepcidin-25/ferritin ratio. The hepcidin-25/ferritin ratio may serve as a biomarker for iron status in RUG, especially RUG with lower fat mass.
Analysis of Caloric and Noncaloric Sweeteners Present in Dairy Products Aimed at the School Market and Their Possible Effects on Health
Authors: Briones-Avila Laura S. , Moranchel-Hernández Mara A. , Moreno-Riolobos Daniela , Silva Pereira Taísa S. , Ortega Regules Ana E. , Villaseñor López Karen , Islas Romero Laura M.
Published: August 2021

Over the past decades, Mexico has become one of the main sweetener-consuming countries in the world. Large amounts of these sweeteners are in dairy products aimed at the children’s market in various presentations such as yogurt, flavored milk, flan, and cheeses. Although numerous studies have shown the impact of sweeteners in adults, the current evidence for children is insufficient and discordant to determine if these substances have any risk or benefit on their well-being. Therefore, this study aimed to describe the sweeteners present in 15 dairy products belonging to the school-age children’s market in Mexico and their impact on health. These dairy products were selected through a couple of surveys directed at parents of school-age children. After that, the list of ingredients of each product was analyzed to identify their sweetener content. From there, exhaustive bibliographic research on sweeteners and their possible health effects was carried out, which included 109 articles and 18 studies. The results showed that at a neurological, endocrinological, cardiovascular, metabolic, osseous, renal, hepatic, dental, reticular, carcinogenic, and gut microbiota level; sucrose, fructose, high-fructose corn syrup, maltodextrins, sucralose, and acesulfame K, have a negative effect. While maltodextrins, stevia, polydextrose, and modified starch have a positive one. For these reasons, it is necessary to evaluate the advantages and disadvantages that the consumption of each sweetener entails, as well as a determination of the appropriate acceptable daily intake (ADI).
Nutripedia: The Fight against the Fake News in Nutrition during Pregnancy and Early Life
Authors: Verduci Elvira , Vizzuso Sara , Frassinetti Armanda , Mariotti Lisa , Del Torto Alberico , Fiore Giulia , Marconi Annamaria , Zuccotti Gian Vincenzo
Published: August 2021

(1) Background. Early nutrition and lifestyle before and during pregnancy, breastfeeding, infancy, and early childhood can affect the risk of developing common non-communicable diseases during adulthood such as obesity and metabolic syndrome. To support positive long-term outcomes, it is essential to debunk fake news and provide evidence-based nutritional recommendations. “Nutripedia-Informati per Crescere” is a new tool delivering information and education on appropriate nutrition of mothers and babies during pregnancy and the first years of life. (2) Methods. Nutripedia provides the readers with evidence-based scientific contents in an easy-to-access fashion through a website, a social media page and a personalized advice app called “Nutripedia Chatbot”. (3) Results. Forty articles were published on Nutripedia website with more than 220,000 total views. Social channel activation via bloggers reached over 9 million parents. 14,698 users downloaded Nutripedia chatbot, through which a total of 1930 questions were directed to experts while over 24,000 responses were provided by the app. (4) Conclusions. The use of different communication tools delivering evidence-based nutritional information such as Nutripedia is increasing and could offer supportive strategies to provide scientific information to large audiences and contribute fighting fake news. Future research could investigate the effectiveness of this important health campaign.
Probiotic Supplementation and Micronutrient Status in Healthy Subjects: A Systematic Review of Clinical Trials
Authors: Barkhidarian Bahareh , Roldos Lucas , Iskandar Michèle M. , Saedisomeolia Ahmad , Kubow Stan
Published: August 2021

Micronutrient deficiencies are a worldwide public health concern. Emerging evidence supports the ability of probiotics to enhance micronutrient status, which could aid in the prevention of non-communicable disease-associated malnutrition. This systematic review evaluated evidence of the efficacy of probiotic supplementation to improve micronutrient status in healthy subjects. The authors searched for published English language peer-reviewed journal articles in PubMed, Scopus, Embase, and Google Scholar databases from inception to July 2020 using Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. The quality of eligible studies was assessed using the Revised Cochrane Risk-of-Bias tool (RoB)2 and Risk of Bias in Non-Randomized Studies of Interventions tool (ROBINS-I tool). Fourteen original studies out of 2790 met the inclusion criteria. The results indicated that, despite varying degrees of efficacy, the intake of certain probiotics in healthy subjects was associated with a positive impact on the status of certain micronutrients (vitamin B12, calcium, folate, iron and zinc). A limitation was that studies were widely heterogeneous in terms of participant age, probiotic strain, species, dosage, intervention duration, and form of administration. Additional clinical trials are warranted to determine the most effective strains of probiotics, doses and durations of interventions.
An Integrated Control Plan in Primary Schools: Results of a Field Investigation on Nutritional and Hygienic Features in the Apulia Region (Southern Italy)
Authors: Marcotrigiano Vincenzo , Stingi Giacomo Domenico , Fregnan Simona , Magarelli Pantaleo , Pasquale Pietro , Russo Samuele , Orsi Giovanni Battista , Montagna Maria Teresa , Napoli Christian , Napoli Christian
Published: August 2021

Data concerning overweight and obesity in children and adolescent populations are alarming and represent one of the most serious public health problems of our time. Moreover, it is demonstrated that the school environment may play an important role in health promotion with regard to nutritional aspects. This article reports the results of a study conducted in the Apulia region (Southern Italy), aimed at providing an integrated surveillance of the behaviors related to nutrition habits in students and the hygienic and nutritional conditions of the school’s canteens attended by enrolled students. To this purpose, a sample of 501 students attending primary school (third class—children approximately eight years old) replied to a validated questionnaire, and official controls (OC), of both food and nutritional safety, were performed in 22 primary schools. A team of healthcare professionals carried out the study, and the implementation of all the prescribed improvement actions were subsequently verified through follow-up OC. The results of our study show a critical situation in the student sample, with 41.3% of children having a weight excess (overweight or obesity). With regard to the children’s behaviors, only 59.8% of children ate at least one fruit or had a fruit juice for breakfast, and 10.8% did not have breakfast at all. Overall, 40.1% of the total children played outdoors the afternoon before the survey and 45% reported going to school on foot or by bicycle. During the afternoon, 83.5% of the sample watched television or used video games/tablets/mobile phones, while 42.3% played sports. The schools had an internal canteen with on-site preparation of meals in 36.4%, the remaining 63.6% received meals from external food establishments. With regard to OC, for the hygienic–sanitary section, eleven prescriptions were issued, in the great part related to the structure and organization of the canteen. For the nutritional section, nine corrective actions were prescribed, mainly related to official documents and management. The follow-up OC showed that all prescriptions were subsequently addressed. Eating at school was less frequent among obese and overweight students compared with those with normal weight. Although this evidence needs to be further confirmed, it highlights the potential role that the school canteens may play in health promotion and prevention of nutritional disorders. On the other hand, in order to fulfill its health promotion task, the school canteens have to comply with official regulations and guidelines; therefore, OC during the management of the food service at school are needed.
Stress Hyperglycemia and Osteocalcin in COVID-19 Critically Ill Patients on Artificial Nutrition
Authors: Arrieta Francisco , Martinez-Vaello Victoria , Bengoa Nuria , Rosillo Marta , de Pablo Angélica , Voguel Cristina , Pintor Rosario , Belanger-Quintana Amaya , Mateo-Lobo Raquel , Candela Angel , Botella-Carretero José I.
Published: August 2021

We aimed to study the possible association of stress hyperglycemia in COVID-19 critically ill patients with prognosis, artificial nutrition, circulating osteocalcin, and other serum markers of inflammation and compare them with non-COVID-19 patients. Fifty-two critical patients at the intensive care unit (ICU), 26 with COVID-19 and 26 non-COVID-19, were included. Glycemic control, delivery of artificial nutrition, serum osteocalcin, total and ICU stays, and mortality were recorded. Patients with COVID-19 had higher ICU stays, were on artificial nutrition for longer (p = 0.004), and needed more frequently insulin infusion therapy (p = 0.022) to control stress hyperglycemia. The need for insulin infusion therapy was associated with higher energy (p = 0.001) and glucose delivered through artificial nutrition (p = 0.040). Those patients with stress hyperglycemia showed higher ICU stays (23 ± 17 vs. 11 ± 13 days, p = 0.007). Serum osteocalcin was a good marker for hyperglycemia, as it inversely correlated with glycemia at admission in the ICU (r = −0.476, p = 0.001) and at days 2 (r = −0.409, p = 0.007) and 3 (r = −0.351, p = 0.049). In conclusion, hyperglycemia in critically ill COVID-19 patients was associated with longer ICU stays. Low circulating osteocalcin was a good marker for stress hyperglycemia.
Peptide Characterization and Functional Stability of a Partially Hydrolyzed Whey-Based Formula over Time
Authors: Bourdeau Tristan , Affolter Michael , Dupuis Lénaïck , Panchaud Alexandre , Lahrichi Sabine , Merminod Loraine , Martin-Paschoud Christine , Adams Rachel , Nutten Sophie , Blanchard Carine
Published: August 2021

Human clinical trials have shown that a specific partially hydrolyzed 100% whey-based infant formula (pHF-W) reduces AD risk in the first yeast of life. Meta-analyses with a specific pHF-W (pHF-W1) confirm a protective effect while other meta-analyses pooling different pHF-W show conflicting results. Here we investigated the molecular composition and functional properties of the specific pHF-W1 as well as the stability of its manufacturing process over time. This specific pHF-W1 was compared with other pHF-Ws. We used size exclusion chromatography to characterize the peptide molecular weight (MW), a rat basophil degranulation assay to assess the relative level of beta-lactoglobulin (BLG) allergenicity and a preclinical model of oral tolerance induction to test prevention of allergic sensitization. To analyze the exact peptide sequences before and after an HLA binding assay, a mass cytometry approach was used. Peptide size allergenicity and oral tolerance induction were conserved across pHF-W1 batches of production and time. The median MW of the 37 samples of pHF-W1 tested was 800 ± 400 Da. Further oral tolerance induction was observed using 10 different batches of the pHF-W1 with a mean reduction of BLG-specific IgE levels of 0.76 log (95% CI = −0.95; −0.57). When comparing pHF-W1 with three other formulas (pHF-W2 3 and 4), peptide size was not necessarily associated with allergenicity reduction in vitro nor oral tolerance induction in vivo as measured by specific IgE level (p < 0.05 for pHF-W1 and 2 and p = 0.271 and p = 0.189 for pHF-W3 and 4 respectively). Peptide composition showed a limited overlap between the formulas tested ranging from 11.7% to 24.2%. Furthermore nine regions in the BLG sequence were identified as binding HLA-DR. In conclusion, not all pHF-Ws tested have the same peptide size distribution decreased allergenicity and ability to induce oral tolerance. Specific peptides are released during the different processes used by different infant formula producers.
Composition of the Gut Microbiome Influences Production of Sulforaphane-Nitrile and Iberin-Nitrile from Glucosinolates in Broccoli Sprouts
Authors: Bouranis John A. , Beaver Laura M. , Choi Jaewoo , Wong Carmen P. , Jiang Duo , Sharpton Thomas J. , Stevens Jan F. , Ho Emily
Published: August 2021

Isothiocyanates, such as sulforaphane and iberin, derived from glucosinolates (GLS) in cruciferous vegetables, are known to prevent and suppress cancer development. GLS can also be converted by bacteria to biologically inert nitriles, such as sulforaphane-nitrile (SFN-NIT) and iberin-nitrile (IBN-NIT), but the role of the gut microbiome in this process is relatively undescribed and SFN-NIT excretion in humans is unknown. An ex vivo fecal incubation model with in vitro digested broccoli sprouts and 16S sequencing was utilized to explore the role of the gut microbiome in SFN- and IBN-NIT production. SFN-NIT excretion was measured among human subjects following broccoli sprout consumption. The fecal culture model showed high inter-individual variability in nitrile production and identified two sub-populations of microbial communities among the fecal cultures, which coincided with a differing abundance of nitriles. The Clostridiaceae family was associated with high levels, while individuals with a low abundance of nitriles were more enriched with taxa from the Enterobacteriaceae family. High levels of inter-individual variation in urine SFN-NIT levels were also observed, with peak excretion of SFN-NIT at 24 h post broccoli sprout consumption. These results suggest that nitrile production from broccoli, as opposed to isothiocyanates, could be influenced by gut microbiome composition, potentially lowering efficacy of cruciferous vegetable interventions.
Complex Multilevel Modelling of the Individual, Household and Regional Level Variability in Predictors of Undernutrition among Children Aged 6–59 Months in Ethiopia
Authors: Chikako Teshita Uke , Seidu Abdul-Aziz , Hagan John Elvis , Ahinkorah Bright Opoku
Published: August 2021

Worldwide, ten and a half million children under five die every year, with 98% of these deaths in low- and middle-income countries, including Ethiopia. Undernutrition is a serious public health problem in Ethiopia and children are the most affected segments of the population. This study, therefore, sought to investigate the socio-economic, demographic, health and environmental factors associated with undernutrition among children aged 6–59 months in Ethiopia. Data were obtained from the 2016 Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey. In this study, anthropometric data (height and weight) and other variables of 9461 children were measured. Descriptive statistics and multilevel logistic regression models were fitted. The descriptive results revealed that about 27.5% of the children aged between 6–59 months were undernourished. Place of residence, employment status of the mother, educational status of the mother, the mother’s nutritional status, age of the child, birth order of children, source of drinking water, diarrhea and fever among children in the two weeks before the survey were the most important factors associated with undernutrition among children aged 6–59 months in Ethiopia. The findings indicate that it is useful to support health care and food security programs in rural areas to directly address food insecurity and undernutrition problems of the poor and exposed communities in rural parts of the country. The education sector must increase mothers’ access to education in all areas to help identify the quality of healthcare and the required attention needed for their children. The health sector should increase their health education programs on the importance of exclusive breastfeeding.
Low 25(OH)D Level Is Associated with Severe Course and Poor Prognosis in COVID-19
Authors: Karonova Tatiana L. , Andreeva Alena T. , Golovatuk Ksenia A. , Bykova Ekaterina S. , Simanenkova Anna V. , Vashukova Maria A. , Grant William B. , Shlyakhto Evgeny V.
Published: August 2021

We evaluated associations between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] level and severity of new coronavirus infection (COVID-19) in hospitalized patients. We assessed serum 25(OH)D level in 133 patients aged 21–93 years. Twenty-five (19%) patients had severe disease, 108 patients (81%) had moderate disease, and 18 (14%) patients died. 25(OH)D level ranged from 3.0 to 97.0 ng/mL (median, 13.5 [25%; 75%, 9.6; 23.3] ng/mL). Vitamin D deficiency was diagnosed in 90 patients, including 37 with severe deficiency. In patients with severe course of disease, 25(OH)D level was lower (median, 9.7 [25%; 75%, 6.0; 14.9] ng/mL), and vitamin D deficiency was more common than in patients with moderate course (median, 14.6 [25%; 75%, 10.6; 24.4] ng/mL, p = 0.003). In patients who died, 25(OH)D was 9.6 [25%; 75%, 6.0; 11.5] ng/mL, compared with 14.8 [25%; 75%, 10.1; 24.3] ng/mL in discharged patients (p = 0.001). Severe vitamin D deficiency was associated with increased risk of COVID-19 severity and fatal outcome. The threshold for 25(OH)D level associated with increased risk of severe course was 11.7 ng/mL. Approximately the same 25(OH)D level, 10.9 ng/mL, was associated with increased risk of mortality. Thus, most COVID-19 patients have vitamin D deficiency; severe vitamin D deficiency is associated with increased risk of COVID-19 severity and fatal outcome.
Does a 12-Month Transitional Care Model Intervention by Geriatric-Experienced Care Professionals Improve Nutritional Status of Older Patients after Hospital Discharge? A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Chareh Neshat , Rappl Anja , Rimmele Martina , Wingenfeld Klaus , Freiberger Ellen , Sieber Cornel C. , Volkert Dorothee
Published: August 2021

At hospital discharge, many older patients are at health and nutritional risk, indicating a requirement for ongoing care. We aim to evaluate the effects of comprehensive individualized care by geriatric-experienced care professionals, the so-called “pathfinders”, on nutritional status (NS) of older patients after discharge. A total of 244 patients (median age 81.0 years) without major cognitive impairment were randomized to Intervention Group (IG: 123) or Control Group (CG: 121) for a 12-month intervention, with up to 7 home visits and 11 phone calls. The comprehensive individualized care contained nutritional advice, when required. The intervention effect after three (T3m) and 12 (T12m) months on change in MNA-SF (Mini Nutritional Assessment-Short Form) and BMI was evaluated by Univariate General Linear Model (ANOVA), adjusted for age, sex, living situation, and activities of daily living. At baseline, mean MNA-SF did not differ between IG and CG (10.7 ± 2.6 vs. 11.2 ± 2.5, p = 0.148); however, mean BMI was significantly lower in IG compared to CG (27.2 ± 4.7 vs. 28.8 ± 4.8 kg/m2, p = 0.012). At T3m, mean change did not differ significantly between the groups, neither in MNA-SF (0.6; 95%CI: −0.1–1.3 vs. 0.4; −0.3–1.1, p = 0.708) nor in BMI (−0.2; −0.6–0.1 vs. 0.0; −0.4–0.4 kg/m2, p = 0.290). At T12m, mean change of MNA-SF was significantly higher in IG than in CG (1.4; 0.5–2.3 vs. 0.0; −0.9–0.8; p = 0.012). BMI remained unchanged in IG, whereas it slightly declined in CG (0.0; −0.7–0.6 vs. −0.9; −1.6–−0.2 kg/m2, p = 0.034). We observed rather small effects of comprehensive individualized care by pathfinders on NS in older patients 12 months after discharge. For more pronounced effects nutrition expertise might be needed.
How Are Infants Suspected to Have Cow’s Milk Allergy Managed? A Real World Study Report
Authors: Vandenplas Yvan , Belohlavkova Simona , Enninger Axel , Frühauf Pavel , Makwana Niten , Järvi Anette
Published: August 2021

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the diagnosis and management of infants presenting with symptoms attributable to cow’s milk allergy (CMA) in a real life setting and to test how the Cow’s Milk-related Symptom Score (CoMiSS®) can be used to support the awareness to diagnose cow’s milk protein allergy in primary care practice. The CoMiSS is an awareness tool based on various symptoms such as crying, gastrointestinal symptoms, dermatological and respiratory symptoms. The study was conducted on 268 infants from four countries (Belgium, Czech Republic, Germany, UK) aged 0 to 18 months consulting for CMA related symptoms. The analysis was based on two visits of these subjects. The results show an average CoMiSS of 11 at the first visit. After a therapeutic dietary intervention, the score at the second visit, which happened 3 weeks ± 5 days after the first one, dropped to an average value of 4. A satisfaction questionnaire completed by the primary care practitioners suggested an overall high level of satisfaction with the application of the CoMiSS tool in routine practice. These data highlight a huge discrepancy in the diagnosis and management of infants suspected of CMA in the different countries. The findings suggest that the CoMISS questionnaire is an effective tool in aiding awareness of CMPA in primary health care.
Exercise-Induced Hyperhomocysteinemia Is Not Related to Oxidative Damage or Impaired Vascular Function in Amateur Middle-Aged Runners under Controlled Nutritional Intake
Authors: Iglesias-Gutiérrez Eduardo , García-González Ángela , Montero-Bravo Ana , González-Medina Antonio , Joglar Judit , Tomás-Zapico Cristina , Fernández-García Benjamín , Fernández-Sanjurjo Manuel , de Gonzalo-Calvo David , Díaz-Martínez Ángel Enrique , Úbeda Natalia
Published: August 2021

To determine the influence of different doses of maximal acute exercise on the kinetics of plasma homocysteine (tHcy) and its relationship with oxidative status and vascular function, nine recreational runners completed a 10 km race (10K) and a marathon (M). Blood samples were collected before (Basal), immediately post-exercise (Post0), and after 24 h (Post24). Nutritional intake was controlled at each sample point. A significant increase in tHcy was observed after both races, higher after M. Basal levels were recovered at Post24 after 10K, but remained elevated at Post 24 for M. A significant decrease in GSH/GSSG ratio was observed in Post0, especially marked after M. Furthermore, this increase in pro-oxidant status remained at Post24 only after M. Other oxidative status markers failed to confirm this exercise-induced pro-oxidant status except glutathione peroxidase activity that was lower in Post24 compared to Basal in 10K and in Post0 and Post24 in M. No statistical correlation was found between oxidative markers and tHcy. No significant changes were observed in the concentration of endothelial cell adhesion molecules (VCAM-1 and E-Selectin) and VEGF. In conclusion, tHcy increases in an exercise–dose–response fashion but is not related to endothelial dysfunction mediated by oxidative stress mechanisms.
A Higher Intake of Energy at Dinner Is Associated with Incident Metabolic Syndrome: A Prospective Cohort Study in Older Adults
Authors: Hermenegildo-López Ygor , Donat-Vargas Carolina , Sandoval-Insausti Helena , Moreno-Franco Belén , Rodríguez-Ayala Monserrat , Rey-García Jimena , Banegas José Ramón , Rodríguez-Artalejo Fernando , Guallar-Castillón Pilar
Published: August 2021

A higher energy intake (EI) at night has been associated with a higher risk of obesity, while a higher EI at lunch may protect against weight gain. This study examined the association between EI throughout the day and incident metabolic syndrome (MetS) among older adults. A cohort of 607 individuals aged ≥ 60 free from MetS at baseline was followed from 2008–2010 until 2015. At baseline, habitual EI was assessed on six eating occasions: breakfast, mid-morning snack, lunch, afternoon snack, dinner, and snacking. MetS was defined according to the harmonized definition. Statistical analyses were performed with logistic regression and adjusted for the main confounders, including total EI, diet quality, and physical activity/sedentary behavior. During follow-up, 101 new MetS cases occurred. Compared to the lowest sex-specific quartile of EI at dinner, the OR (95% confidence interval) for incident MetS were: 1.71 (0.85–3.46) in the second, 1.70 (0.81–3.54) in the third, and 2.57 (1.14–5.79) in the fourth quartile (p-trend: 0.034). Elevated waist circumference and triglycerides were the MetS components that most contributed to this association. A higher EI at dinner was associated with a higher risk of MetS in older adults. Reducing EI at dinner might be a simple strategy to prevent MetS.
Effect of Oral Nutritional Supplementation on Growth in Children with Undernutrition: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Zhang Zhiying , Li Fei , Hannon Bridget A. , Hustead Deborah S. , Aw Marion M. , Liu Zhongyuan , Chuah Khun Aik , Low Yen Ling , Huynh Dieu T. T.
Published: August 2021

Oral nutritional supplements (ONS) are used to promote catch-up growth in children with undernutrition. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to summarize the evidence of ONS intervention effects on growth for 9-month- to 12-year-old children who were undernourished or at nutritional risk. Eleven randomized controlled trials met the inclusion criteria; trials compared changes in anthropometric measures in children using ONS or ONS + DC (dietary counselling) to measures for those following usual diet or placebo or DC alone. The RCTs included 2287 children without chronic diseases (mean age 5.87 years [SD, 1.35]; 56% boys). At follow-up time points up to 6 months, results showed that children in the ONS intervention group had greater gains in weight (0.423 kg, [95% confidence interval 0.234, 0.613], p < 0.001) and height (0.417 cm [0.059, 0.776], p = 0.022) versus control; greater gains in weight (0.089 kg [0.049, 0.130], p < 0.001) were evident as early as 7–10 days. Longitudinal analyses with repeated measures at 30, 60, and 90 days showed greater gains in weight parameters from 30 days onwards (p < 0.001), a trend towards greater height gains at 90 days (p = 0.056), and significantly greater gains in height-for-age percentiles and Z-scores at 30 and 90 days, respectively (p < 0.05). Similar results were found in subgroup analyses of studies comparing ONS + DC to DC alone. For children with undernutrition, particularly those who were mildly and moderately undernourished, usage of ONS in a nutritional intervention resulted in significantly better growth outcomes when compared to control treatments (usual diet, placebo or DC alone).
Effects of Heat-Killed Levilactobacillus brevis KB290 in Combination with β-Carotene on Influenza Virus Infection in Healthy Adults: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Satomi Shohei , Waki Naoko , Arakawa Chinatsu , Fujisawa Kazuhiko , Suzuki Shigenori , Suganuma Hiroyuki
Published: August 2021

Influenza, a seasonal acute respiratory disease caused primarily by the influenza virus A or B, manifests with severe symptoms leading to considerable morbidity and mortality and is a major concern worldwide. Therefore, effective preventive measures against it are required. The aim of this trial was to evaluate the preventive effects of heat-killed Levilactobacillus brevis KB290 (KB290) in combination with β-carotene (βC) on influenza virus infections in healthy Japanese subjects aged between 20 and 59 y throughout the winter season. We performed a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group trial from 16 December 2019 to 8 March 2020, comparing KB290 + βC beverage with placebo beverage. The primary endpoint was the incidence of influenza based on a doctor’s certificate. The incidence of influenza was not significantly different between the two groups. However, the subgroup analysis showed a significant difference between the two groups (influenza incidence: the KB290 + βC group 1.9%, and the placebo group 3.9%) in the subgroup of subjects aged ˂40 y, but not in the subgroup of subjects aged ≥40 y. The results of this trial suggest that the combination of KB290 and βC might be a possible candidate supplement for protection against the seasonal influenza virus infection in humans aged <40 y, although further clinical studies are needed to confirm the concrete preventive effect of this combination on influenza.