bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ambivalente Prognostiken
Authors: Frenschkowski Marco
Published: July 2021

Die an Jesus gerichtete Forderung nach einem Himmelszeichen interagiert mit antiken Reflexionen über die Ambivalenz und auch Fragwürdigkeit irdischer mantischer Zeichen, die als Kommunikation aus der Welt Gottes oder der Götter gedeutet werden können, aber eben auch mehrdeutig bleiben. Das Thema wird in den Evangelien (schon Mk und Q) in zwei Mustern tradiert: als Verweigerung Jesu gegenüber den Fragenden wie auch als eschatologisches Rätselwort Jesu (Jona-Zeichen), das vermutlich von Anfang an eine österlich-eschatologische Bedeutung hatte. Die Studie skizziert, wie am Thema des Himmelszeichens im Gegenüber zur antiken Mantik eine Zeichentheologie entsteht, die in Jesus selbst eine Disambiguierung göttlicher Kommunikation erkennt.
Segmentation of elongated structures processed on breast MRI for the detection of vessels
Authors: Gierlinger Marco , Brandner Dinah M. , Zagar Bernhard G.
Published: July 2021

The multi-seed region growing (MSRG) algorithm from previous work is extended to extract elongated segments from breast Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) stacks. A model is created to adjust the MSRG parameters such that the elongated segments may reveal vessels that can support clinicians in their diagnosis of diseases or provide them with useful information before surgery during e. g. a neoadjuvant therapy. The model is a pipeline of tasks and contains user-defined parameters that influence the segmentation result. A crucial task of the model relies on a skeletonization-like algorithm that collects useful information about the segments’ thickness, length, etc. Length, thickness, and gradient information of the pixel intensity along the segment helps to determine whether the extracted segments have a tubular structure, which is assumed to be the case for vessels. In this work, we show how the results are derived and that the MSRG algorithm is capable of extracting vessel-like segments even from noisy MR images.
A Practical Guide to Doing Behavioral Research on Fake News and Misinformation
Authors: Pennycook Gordon , Binnendyk Jabin , Newton Christie , Rand David G.
Published: July 2021

Coincident with the global rise in concern about the spread of misinformation on social media, there has been influx of behavioral research on so-called “fake news” (fabricated or false news headlines that are presented as if legitimate) and other forms of misinformation. These studies often present participants with news content that varies on relevant dimensions (e.g., true v. false, politically consistent v. inconsistent, etc.) and ask participants to make judgments (e.g., accuracy) or choices (e.g., whether they would share it on social media). This guide is intended to help researchers navigate the unique challenges that come with this type of research. Principle among these issues is that the nature of news content that is being spread on social media (whether it is false, misleading, or true) is a moving target that reflects current affairs in the context of interest. Steps are required if one wishes to present stimuli that allow generalization from the study to the real-world phenomenon of online misinformation. Furthermore, the selection of content to include can be highly consequential for the study’s outcome, and researcher biases can easily result in biases in a stimulus set. As such, we advocate for pretesting materials and, to this end, report our own pretest of 224 recent true and false news headlines, both relating to U.S. political issues and the COVID-19 pandemic. These headlines may be of use in the short term, but, more importantly, the pretest is intended to serve as an example of best practices in a quickly evolving area of research.
Immunological aspects of ovarian follicle ovulation and corpus luteum formation in cattle
Authors: Abdulrahman Alrabiah Noof , Evans Alexander C O , Fahey Alan G , Cantwell Niamh , Lonergan Patrick , McCormack Janet , Browne John A , Fair Trudee
Published: July 2021

Ovulation has been described as an inflammatory event, characterized by an influx of leukocytes into the ovulatory follicle and changes in the expression profile of immune factors in both the theca and granulosa tissue layers. Since information on this process is limited in cattle, our objective was to elucidate the contribution of the immune system to dominant follicle luteinization, ovulation and corpus luteum (CL) formation in cattle. Beef heifers (n = 50) were oestrous synchronized, slaughtered and ovarian follicular or luteal tissue collected during a 96 h window around ovulation. Follicular fluid cytokine concentration, temporal immune cell infiltration and inflammatory status were determined by Luminex multiplex analysis, immunohistochemistry and quantitative real-time PCR-analysis, respectively, in pre- and peri-ovulatory follicular tissues. The concentrations of IL10 and VEGF-A were highest in pre-ovulatory and the concentration of CXCL10 was highest in peri-ovulatory follicular fluid samples. The pre and peri-ovulatory follicles play host to a broad repertoire of immune cells, including T-cells, granulocytes and monocytes. Dendritic cells were the most abundant cells in ovulatory follicular and luteal-tissue at all times. The mRNA expression of candidate genes associated with inflammation was highest in pre- and peri-ovulatory tissue, whereas tissue growth and modelling factors were highest in the post-ovulatory follicular and early luteal tissue. In conclusion, ovulation in cattle is characterized by the presence of neutrophils, macrophages and dendritic cells in the ovulatory follicle, reflected in compartmentalized cytokine and growth factor expression. These findings indicate a tightly regulated sterile inflammatory response to the LH surge in the ovulatory follicle which is rapidly resolved in advance of CL formation.
Effects of removal of extractives on the chemical composition and mechanical properties of wood
Authors: Zhao Dongliang , Yu Haibiao , Bao Xiuchun , Liu Jinwei , Yuan Haoqiang , Wang Yan , Xue Zhenhua
Published: July 2021

Poplar and pine wood were extracted with water, 1% NaOH (wt%) solution, and benzene:ethanol solution (V1 : V2, 2 : 1) to investigate the governing factors and mechanism by which extractives affect wood structure and mechanical properties. The structure, pore distribution, crystal structure, and mechanical properties of samples were analyzed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), adsorption of N2 gas, X-ray diffraction (XRD), and mechanical testing, respectively. The results demonstrated that cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin were degraded to some extent in the course of the dissolution of the extractives. This degradation had a great influence on the structure and quantity of pores. The extraction treatment did not change the crystallization type of the wood, but it increased the crystallinity of the wood, and the length and width of the crystallization area changed. In addition, the mechanical properties of wood were changed when the content of the extractives was reduced.
Reducing the formation of adsorbable organic halides using an ammonium thiosulfate chlorine dioxide bleaching process
Authors: Li Yan , Cao Liming , Gu Kaiqi , Wang Xinyue , Pang Yunbiao , Wu Qin , Yao Shuangquan
Published: July 2021

Reducing the formation of adsorbable organic halides during chlorine dioxide bleaching (the first stage chlorine dioxide bleaching, D0) is necessary to obtain clean bleaching processes. A new bleaching agent, ammonium thiosulfate (AT), was investigated to determine its potential for reducing the amount of adsorbable organic halides (AOX). Upon investigating the optimal reaction conditions for an effective reduction in AOX, the authors determined that adding 0.20% of AT 10 min after the beginning of the bleaching reaction, while maintaining a pH of 4 and a temperature of 70°C, yielded the best results. Under these conditions, AOX formation decreased by 22.0%. The bleaching effluent after the addition of AT was analyzed via gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, which showed an inhibited production rate of chlorobenzene and chlorophenol, which are both highly toxic and difficult-to-degrade compounds. Therefore, AT not only reduces AOX formation during the bleaching process, but also minimizes the difficulty of treating bleaching effluent. The results of this study provided a new, clean method for reducing AOX formation during chlorine dioxide bleaching.
Imuninio atsako storosios žarnos vėžio mikroaplikoje vertinimas skaitmeninės patologijos analitikos metodais
Authors:   , Nestarenkaitė Aušrinė
Published: July 2021

Immune response assessment in a colorectal cancer microenvironment using digital pathology analytics
Ocorrência do míldio da videira (Plasmopora viticola L.) em função do aumento da carga de gemas da uva Cabernet Franc cultivada em região de elevada altitude de Santa Catarina
Authors: Wurz Douglas André , Brighenti Alberto Fontanella , Allebrandt Ricardo , De Bem Betina Pereira , Rufato Leo , Bonin Bruno
Published: July 2021

O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar o efeito do aumento da carga de gemas na ocorrência do míldio da videira Cabernet Franc. O experimento foi conduzido na safra 16/17, no munícipio de São Joaquim. Os tratamentos consistiram em quatro níveis de poda: 15, 30, 50 e 75 gemas planta-1. O início do aparecimento dos sintomas foi mais lento nas cargas de 15 e 30 gemas planta-1, enquanto o tempo para atingir a máxima incidência e severidade da doença não foi influenciada pelas cargas de gemas planta-1. A incidência do míldio foi menor, 96,2%, na carga de 15 gemas planta-1. As menores severidades de míldio foram observadas nas cargas de 15 e 30 gemas planta-1, apresentando 4,3 e 6,5%. Para a variável AACPID, observou-se os maiores valores para as cargas de 50 e 75 gemas planta-1, com valores de 3920,3 e 4074,6, e a variável AACPID, observou-se que as cargas de 50 e 75 gemas planta-1resultaram nos maiores valores de AACPSD, 175,7 e 221,5, respectivamente. Conclui-se que o aumento da carga de gemas propicia aumento da ocorrência do míldio, e deve-se adotar estratégias preventivas de manejo integrado do míldio da videira, a fim de evitar prejuízos ocasionados pela elevada ocorrência da doença.
Palavras-chave: Vitis vinífera L.; manejo integrado de doenças; dossel vegetativo; epidemiologia.
Depois que a banda passou
Authors: Velasco Rafael de Souza , Montoito Rafael , Barreiro Cristhianny
Published: July 2021

Este artigo tem por objetivo apresentar uma narrativa da extinta Banda Marcial da antiga Escola Técnica Federal de Pelotas (ETFPEL), tendo como eixo central a conquista do Tricampeonato Estadual de Bandas Marciais, em 1970. Foram entrevistados quatro membros da antiga Banda, cujas entrevistas ajudaram-nos a entender como se dava o processo de pertencimento da Banda nas décadas de 60 e 70. Na composição teórica da pesquisa, utilizamos a História Oral e a Fotografia como fonte histórica como método de coleta de dados, além dos estudos de documentos relativos à história da banda; posteriormente, a Análise de Conteúdo foi utilizada como técnica analítica para as entrevistas transcritas. As narrativas dos ex-membros da Banda evidenciam que eles mantêm um forte vínculo afetivo entre si e com a instituição até os dias atuais, o que nos permite entender a potencialidade do ambiente da Banda para além de apenas uma atividade atinente ao ensino da música.
Palavras-chave: Banda Marcial; Escola Técnica Federal de Pelotas; juventude.
The Policy of Remembrance of the Beginning of World War II: Features of Media Content in Modern Italy
Authors:   Lomonosov Moscow State University, Anikin D. A. , Andrisenko S. A. ,   Lomonosov Moscow State University
Published: July 2021

The article analyzes the reflection in modern Italian mass media of the information agenda dedicated to the 80th anniversary of the outbreak of World War II. Based on the study of queries in the Google search engine, publications on this event were identified, as well as an analysis of political representations. An important condition for interpreting media content is the understanding that Italian memory policy for several decades refused to comprehend the fascist past, forming the myth of "honest soldiers who simply fulfilled their duty." In the context of modern pan-European memory policy, Italy, on the one hand, seeks to follow common trends (Holocaust memory), on the other hand, tries to exclude its past from the discourse of confession of guilt. In newspaper publications dedicated to the anniversary of the outbreak of war, the following trends can be distinguished: emphasizing the importance of war lessons for the future, striving to exclude Italy from the list of instigators of war, emphasizing the insufficient participation of Great Britain and France in the process of preventing World War II.
War Memory and “Memory Wars” in Modern Memory Studies: the Main Approaches and Key Actors
Authors:   Lomonosov Moscow State University, Batishchev R. Yu.
Published: July 2021

The article deals the main approaches to the analysis of war memory, that established in Russian and foreign academic researches. It is made an attempt to classify these approaches, and the criteria is the highlighting of a central actor, translating the images of war past, or the recognition of the plurality of such actors. It is showed the specificities of a state and non-state actors in the articulation of war memory. As a result, it is highlighted a state-centred approach, a popular-memory approach and a social-agency approach. It is concluded, that in the social-agency approach the relation between war memory and “memory wars” becomes the most conspicuous, and it gives theoretical and methodological bases to study the category “memory wars”.
Reproductive biology of seven fish species of commercial interest at the Ramsar site in the Baixada Maranhense, Legal Amazon, Brazil
Authors: Carvalho Irayana Fernanda da Silva , Cantanhêde Lorrane Gabrielle , Diniz Ana Luiza Caldas , Carvalho-Neta Raimunda Nonata Fortes , Almeida Zafira da Silva de
Published: July 2021

Abstract The purpose of this study is to determine the parameters of the reproductive biology of seven commercial species at the Ramsar Site of the Baixada Maranhense to support fisheries management measures. The collections were carried out between 2012 and 2016. The reproductive period, sex ratio, weight-length relationship and first sexual maturity were evaluated for seven species of commercial importance. The sex ratio showed that females are predominant for all species, except for Plagioscion squamossissimus. The weight-length relationship indicated a greater investment in weight for Cichla monoculus and Hassar affinis, and a greater investment in length for Hoplias malabaricus, Plagioscion squamosissimus, Prochilodus lacustris, Pygocentrus nattereri, and Schizodon dissimilis. The reproductive activity of the species was predominant in the rainy season, but C. monoculus, H. malabaricus and P. lacustris showed the ability to reproduce in both seasons. As management measures for the region, it is suggested a change in the closed fishing season established by IBAMA, from December 1 to April 30, to ensure the protection of all commercial species in this study.
Determination of geometric reliability index of piles at site-specific scale: case studies
Authors: Wu Xing Zheng , Liu He , Wang Rui-Kai
Published: July 2021

An application of geometric reliability techniques on various pile types based on 67 load–displacement curves obtained from pertinent literature is presented in this paper. These static loading tests were performed at local scale (even building-specific sites) under essentially identical geotechnical conditions. A power-law function with two parameters was used to fit the measured load–settlement curves. For each site, the means and coefficients of variation for the power-law parameters were obtained. Since the number of tests conducted at each site is usually small, it is extremely difficult to identify a certain distribution type for these regression parameters. Thus, for simplicity, a bivariate normal distribution was assumed to represent the set of regression pairs. This joint distribution was incorporated into a geometric reliability method, which offers an estimation of the bearing capacity of piles at the serviceability limit state. Examples are provided to illustrate the application of the proposed reliability method to interpret the visually determined reliability index of the bearing capacity of piles. These case studies showed that the proposed method is a useful and comprehensive tool for capturing the load–displacement response and for evaluating the bearing capacity of piles by considering uncertainties in their load–displacement behaviour.
Concussive seizure in a 16‐year‐old football goalkeeper
Authors: Kravljanac Ruzica , Ilić Nikola , Kravljanac Djordje
Published: July 2021

Content available: Video
Altered vascular permeability but not angiogenesis may play a role in the epileptogenesis of human hippocampal sclerosis
Authors: Mhatre Radhika , Anita Mahadevan , Phillip Mariamma , Saini Jitender , Arimappamagan Arivazhagan , Bharath Rose Dawn , Chowdary Ravindranadh M. , Kenchaiah Raghavendra , Ajay Asranna , Jamuna Rajan , Sadashiva Nishanth , Malla Bhaskara Rao , Sinha Sanjib
Published: July 2021

Objective. We investigated the role of angiogenesis and vascular permeability in the pathogenesis of human drug‐resistant epilepsy due to hippocampal sclerosis.

Methods. Resected hippocampi from 30 histologically confirmed cases of hippocampal sclerosis and 30 age‐matched post‐mortem controls were examined by immunohistochemical quantitation of vascular endothelial markers, CD31 and CD105 (markers of newly formed vessels), and data were analysed relative to MR volumetry. The blood‐brain barrier was evaluated based on immunohistochemistry for IgG, albumin, VEGF and AQP4.

Results. Mean vascular density in the hippocampus was 8.71/mm2 in hippocampal sclerosis samples compared to 7.94/mm2 in age‐matched controls. No statistically significant increase in vascular density was found in hippocampal sclerosis samples. Although no neoangiogenesis was found in hippocampal sclerosis samples based on CD105, breakdown of the blood‐brain barrier, enhanced neuronal expression of VEGF, and perivascular seepage of IgG and albumin with uptake within neurons and astrocytes were found. Redistribution of the water channel protein, AQP4, reflected by change from normal punctate labelling to intense diffuse staining in hippocampal sclerosis samples, indicated an altered glia‐vascular interface, disrupting blood‐brain barrier permeability.

Significance. Our data show no objective histological evidence of angiogenesis in hippocampal sclerosis samples. When controlled for the confounding variable of hippocampal area, there was no difference in vascular density between cases and controls. A leaky blood‐brain barrier and redistribution of AQP4 were identified which may contribute to epileptogenesis. This constitutes the largest study in the published literature evaluating a role of vascular permeability and angiogenesis in human hippocampal sclerosis.
A new dynamic model of thermal degradation of polymer binary mixes submitted through pyrolysis
Authors: Bellón-Hernández Oscar Alexander
Published: July 2021

This paper shows the validation process of a dynamic model proposed to represent the one-step thermal degradation reaction of individual components in polymer mixtures. It is complicated to model the process of thermal degradation of polymer mixtures inside pyrolysis reactors. Inside the MPW reactor, the distribution of polymeric components in the mixture is shuffled. It occurs high-temperature gradients, and it is difficult to achieve a uniform heat transfer. All these factors make it complicated to predict at all times in the process and each point of the material inside reactor the degradation reactions and the specific presence of hydrocarbon of interest. It is made a comparison between real data provided by TGA of binary mixes of plastic and the result of simulated thermal degradation obtained using a differential equation of the model for thermal degradation of the same plastics. The polymer used in this study were Expanded Polystyrene (EPS) and Low-Density Polyethylene (HDPE). The results of the simulation using the dynamic model proposed were compared to the thermograms of the five samples submitted to TGA tests. The simulation results showed a reasonable degree of approximation with a mean square error of less than 5%. Those results well approximate the loss of mass of the real samples submitted to TGA tests in all the temperature range of the process. Consequently, it is not necessary to segment the process into sub-ranges to look for parameters in each one of them.
„Können Tränen meiner Wangen nichts erlangen?“ Manifestationen der Traurigkeit in der deutschen Musik des 18. Jahrhunderts
Authors: Janikowski Tobiasz
Published: July 2021

Emotionen und Gefühle wie Traurigkeit, Enttäuschung oder Verzweiflung sind nicht nur für die breit verstandene deutschsprachige Literatur signifikant. Ihren Manifesta-tionen kann man auch in den Werken der vokal-instrumentalen Musik begegnen, deren Blü-tezeit in das 18. Jh. fällt, insbesondere in die Zeit zwischen dem Entstehen von Bachs Johan-nes-Passion BWV 245 (1724) und der Erstaufführung von majestätischen Oratorien wie Die Schöpfung und Die sieben letzten Worte unseres Erlösers am Kreuze von Joseph Haydn (1796-98). Das Ziel des vorliegenden Beitrags ist das emotionale Potenzial ausgewählter Texte vor dem Hintergrund der musikalischen Rhetorik zu zeigen, sowie die Werke von berühmten„Können Tränen meiner Wangen nichts erlangen?“… 221deutschen Komponisten des 18 Jh. in einen breiteren kulturellen und literarischen Kontext einzubinden.
Zwischen Komik und Postironie. Die Spielarten des Humors in Tyll von Daniel Kehlmann
Authors: Badura Bożena Anna
Published: July 2021

In seinem Roman Tyll lotet Daniel Kehlmann die Grenzen des Humors aus, und zwar indem er u. a. das Komische mit dem Ernsten vermischt oder die Postironie einsetzt. Der vorliegende Beitrag untersucht die Spielarten des Humors und Verfahren zur Erzeugung von Komik, die Kehlmann in seinem Roman sowohl auf der Sprachebene als auch in der Konstruktion und im Inhalt des Romans unterschiedlich verarbeitet. Zudem liefert Tyll einige Beispiele für Postironie, d. h. eine Ironie der Ironie, also ein literarisches Verfahren, das die Ironie zu transzendieren vermag, indem u. a. ihre Pointe realisiert wird.
Lerne lachen ohne zu weinen
Authors: Sréter Wolfgang
Published: July 2021

Es wird auf unterschiedliche Arten des Lachens: vom In-sich-hinein-Lachen, ver-haltenen Lachen, über das Lächeln im Gesicht als Ausdruck der Freude bzw. des Schmerzens bis zum Auslachen und Lachen aus vollem Hals fokussiert. Die evozierten Bilder oszillieren zwischen Szenen auf der Straße, Robert Capas Fotografie von 1945 für das Magazin „life“, Lachunterricht in einer Schauspielschule mit Hilfe des Dramoletts Lachschule der Gebrüder Laschensky und eingespielten Lachsalven (Lachkonserve) der US-amerikanischen Serie The Big Bang Theory.
Śmiech w komediach środowiska Skamandra. Funkcje i rodzaje
Authors: Warońska Joanna
Published: July 2021

Na podstawie trzech sztuk powstałych w środowisku skamandryckim, Złodzieja idealnego Jarosława Iwaszkiewicza (napisanego w latach 1923–1924), Powrotu mamy (1935) oraz Baby-Dziwo (1938) Marii Pawlikowskiej-Jasnorzewskiej zostały pokazane różnorodne rodzaje i funkcje śmiechu.

W świecie przedstawionym odnalezione zostały przejawy śmiechu somatycznego, wyrażającego radość życia albo szaleństwo, oraz zaangażowanego, posiadającego moc zmiany rzeczywistości i rozbijania zastanych form. Bohaterowie używają śmiechu również jako maski, przykrywając zaskoczenie, strach czy zażenowanie. W ten sposób przemieniają kontrowersję w konwersację. Postacie sięgają również po społeczną rolę śmiechu, by tworzyć wspólnotę, określić jej granice, ustalić stan osobowy grupy albo uzgodnić postawy i zachowania.

Literackie obrazy osób śmiejących się stały się jednocześnie przykładami śmiechu kulturowego, dlatego komediowa twórczość środowiska skamandrytów pokazana została na tle praktyk Młodej Polski oraz Dwudziestolecia. Jednocześnie odrzucone zostało sprowadzanie skamandryckiego „gestu śmiechu” wyłącznie do radosnej samoakceptacji.
„Współodczuwanie”. Drogi recepcji twórczości Czesława Miłosza w Chinach
Authors: Zhao Weiting
Published: July 2021

Twórczość Czesława Miłosza od blisko 40 lat tłumaczona jest na język chiński. Cezurę tę wyznaczył rok 1980, w którym poeta otrzymał literacką Nagrodę Nobla. Celem artykułu jest analiza recepcji twórczości Miłosza przez chińskich czytelników i poznanie związanych z tym kontekstów. Do tej pory w Chinach ukazało się 5 tomów jego poezji. Ponadto przetłumaczono pięć zbiorów esejów i jeden wybór jego esejów angielskich. W historii recepcji utworów polskiego noblisty dają się wyróżnić cztery etapy odzwierciedlające chińskie postrzeganie jego twórczości. Na obecność i sposób jego odbioru w kulturze chińskiej duży wpływ ma recepcja całej literatury wschodnioeuropejskiej w Chinach. Poza chińskimi badaczami literatury polskiej i obcej, twórczością Miłosza interesowali się w latach 90. chińscy poeci szukający w jego poezji inspiracji dla uwspółcześnienia poezji własnej.

Słowa kluczowe: recepcja literatury polskiej zagranicą, recepcja twórczości Czesława Miłosza w Chinach.
‘TOUCHED’ BY HUMOUR IN LIFE: CHARACTERS IN JOHN MCGAHERN’S FICTION
Authors: Radler Dana
Published: July 2021

In John McGahern’s stories, stories bring to life characters in both comic and tragic instances, and their whole existence comes under the spotlight, as the writer uses mild, ironic or sarcastic touches. In between automatisms and mobility often directed at dogmatism or mental stereotypes displayed by characters, clergymen, workers, teachers, writers or family members display their ignorance, occasional (lack of) manners, boredom or elevation, often imitating what seems to be ‘decent’ in terms of taste. This paper explores how class, gender and false pretences are ridiculed and exposed in both novels and short stories, and how laughter moves from a classical Kantian play instance to a Freudian-supported analysis of condensation and ambiguity as vehicles employed by a realist creator. The narrative often alternates between family roles and poles of power, visible and invisible laughter, as natural and changing (or hybrid) as human nature.
Tertiary Education Initiatives for Educating Syrian Refugees in Jordan − Obstacles and Inappropriate Practices
Authors: Jarrar Doaa M. F.
Published: July 2021

With a high percentage of Syrian refugees population in Jordan aged 18 - 35 years, the number of refugees that are willing to access the job market is very high. Therefore, many organizations try to make these refugees qualified by enrolling them within many educational and training programs in order to enhance their skills, thus make them able to find jobs. However, with the presence of many challenges that are facing Syrian youths in accessing the tertiary education system in Jordan, many organizations that offered scholarships at the tertiary education level couldn’t achieve the highest possible number of beneficiaries. Accordingly, this study aims to highlight the obstacles and inappropriate practices of many tertiary education initiatives that led to a low number of beneficiaries, in order to overcome repeating such practices in the future.
Célorientációk kapcsolata az iskolai motivációval szakképző iskolások aspektusából
Authors: Sütő Éva , Csima Melinda
Published: July 2021

Learning motivation is the key factor of school success. The process of acquiring new knowledge requires motivation from the side of the student, and at the same time, dealing with new tasks triggers the experience of success (Réthy, 2002). Motivation is modified according to internal dynamic driving forces and external factors; which means that it rests on the cognitive, affective, effective interaction self-regulation system of the student and his/her environment (Réthy, 2001). The social environment can influence learning motivation (Fejes, 2015). Fejes’ Goal orientation (2015) and Kozéki and Entwistle’s School motivation (1986) questionnaires served as a base for our research. The research involved five vocational training schools, 445 students, who studied in the 9th and 11th grades in spring 2019. The results contribute to understanding students’ learning motivation in vocational training schools, and point to their developmental potentials.
Multikulturális nevelés az óvodában − Más anyanyelvű és/vagy kultúrájú gyermekek inklúziója
Authors: Szarka Bernadett
Published: July 2021

One of the many challenges of the ever-changing world of the 21st century is the emergence of multicultural societies, where children from families with different cultural identities and mother tongues are entering the educational institutions of different countries. In my research, I will explore how kindergarten teachers in Hungary encounter children with different cultural identities in their work, what knowledge they have in the field of multicultural education, and whether they have the appropriate methodological tools to implement. Furthermore, I examined how families of other cultural identities experience the introduction to Hungarian kindergartens, whether their culture is reflected in the institution.
Ok, boomer! Ok, zapper? – avagy a generációs sztereotípiák nyomában
Authors: Szabó Csilla Marianna , Csikósné Maczó Edit
Published: July 2021

Secondary school students are the members of generation Z, while their teachers mostly belong to gen X and baby-boomers. Members of the latter groups learnt how to use digital technology and the internet in their young adulthood; on the other hand, generation Z was born in the digital world. Due to this fact, their expectation on the future and their attitude are completely different from that of the older generations, not to speak about their values and priorities. Their parents and teachers, who belong to the older generations, many times have difficulty to understand these attitudes and values, and they are more likely to negatively describe Z-ers with stereotypes. The purpose of the research was to map and describe secondary school students’ opinions: to what extent they agree with stereotypes often uttered by the oldergenerations; moreover, what they think of their parents’ generation. The self-administered anonymous digital questionnaire was shared on the sites of the social media.
Digital technologies in music education − The prospects of interactive course development in primary school music education
Authors: Deákné Kecskés Mónika , Bánszeginé Gáncs Erzsébet
Published: July 2021

Within the framework of the 'Education Innovation - Modernisation of the training structure, methods and content in higher education, enhancement of its labour market relevance', we conducted a course material development project for the length of two terms at the Institute of Education and Social Sciences, Apáczai Csere János Faculty of Humanities, Széchenyi István University. We devised course material to be applied in e-learning and in a place-based studying environment (VR course material). The aim of the project was to create support material that assists teacher candidates in processing and acquiring the material of primary school music education. Its necessity and timeliness are justified by the insufficient level of music skills of newly admitted teacher candidates. The present paper is intended to display a summary and short-term evaluation of the project.
Embedding and Cutting of Eye Tissue at UAB v1
Authors: Anderson David , Messinger Jeffrey , Allen Jamie , Kruse Angela , Neumann Elizabeth , Heath Patterson Nathan , Caprioli Richard , Schey Kevin , Spraggins Jeff , Curcio Christine
Published: July 2021

To describe the procedure for embedding and cutting eye tissue.
Ranking of it and telecommunications employers by signs of brand recognition
Authors: Sitnicki М. , Kozhuhivska А.
Published: July 2021

The article presents the results of a national survey. The employers in the field of IT and telecommunications were ranked according to the recognizability of the brands. Emphasis is placed on the fact that for Ukrainian enterprises the employer brand is a relatively new tool for building the company’s attractiveness in the labour market, so there is a need to study the job-seekers market and analyze employers approaches to developing employer brand strategy as an important component of enterprise management strategy. We analyzed the dynamics of quantitative and structural changes in the process of brand development of the employer of TOP companies in the field of IT and telecommunications. As well we identified the reasons for these changes. We proved that these reasons are formed both under the influence of economic and demographic factors, and geopolitical changes, which currently have a high degree of uncertainty in Ukraine. We proposed the key indicators for assessing the brand awareness of the employer, which include: awareness of candidates about the company as an employer; the presence of companies in social media platforms; providing opportunities for young people to get their first job; attendance at career events and working conditions. We identified the key components of the employer brand development strategy that influenced the change of these indicators. We substantiated conclusions on the need to improve the methods and tools of formation and implementation of the employer’s brand development strategy. The study showed that today the development of employer brand management has reached such a level of importance that it becomes an integral part of the business strategy of successful companies. The presented data show the state and trends of the IT and telecommunications market in Ukraine. Respondents’ preferences outline the paradigm of consumer thinking that identifies the company as an employer in the market. Such studies should be systemic and conducted at least once a year. Such a perspective would allow us to quickly diagnose changes in consumer sentiment and the threat of new competitors in the labour market. Ukrainian companies are invited to constantly work on improving these indicators as part of the employer’s brand strategy, which affects the attractiveness, preservation, and improvement of the company’s image.
Prospects for the development of gender budgeting in Ukraine
Authors: Cheberyako O. , Hnatiuk O.
Published: July 2021

The essence of the gender-oriented budgeting method as a kind of result-oriented budgeting is determined; its main characteristics are revealed, such as the focus on gender equality, analysis of the impact of policies on women and men, differentiation of income and expenditure by gender, etc. The problem of gender inequality in Ukraine through the prism of the dynamics of the average wage in Ukraine for women and men during 2012–2020, the level of employment and unemployment by sex during 2012–2020, gender segregation of vocational training, and limited access of women to certain types of professions are analyzed. Theoretical and methodological principles of gender budgeting and prerequisites for its introduction in the budget process of Ukraine are studied. The first results of the implementation of gender budgeting in Ukraine are presented, namely: the main legal documents adopted in the framework of gender budgeting, shows in which areas complete and passports of budget programs taking into account the gender aspects have already been drawn up and adopted, etc. Examples of the functioning of gender budgeting in foreign countries are highlighted. The need for further changes in the budget process of Ukraine through the prism of gender equality, which will improve the efficiency of budget funds, ensure the equality between men and women, as well as a fair distribution of budget expenditures by gender.
Effect of price discrimination in discounts form on competition: normal trade practices or exclusionary power tool
Authors: Cherednichenko D.
Published: July 2021

To define a tiny line between price discrimination in form of discounts as a normal trade practice and an exclusionary power tool, this article provides a systematization and classification of pro- and anticompetitive effects of rebates. The analysis is based on a review of economic literature, the competition law, competition cases, and respective court judgments.
THE ANECDOTE: ITS DEFINITION, LINGUAL FEATURES AND FUNCTIONAL ORIENTATION
Authors: Taranenko Larisa
Published: July 2021

The article is a study of typical language means that take part in actualizing the text of an anecdote in the process of communication. It also substantiates functional specificity of an anecdote, its genre features as well as advances a generalized linguistic definition of the anecdote as a small form folk text. The author suggests viewing the anecdote as a small entertaining didactic story with a witty ending based on the facts from life of historical figures or ordinary people. This story, being the product of comic collective reflection on a relevant social situation or a natural change in human values, reflects national, mental and human experience accumulated by the societ in order to achieve an entertaining or criticizing effect. The hierarchical system of the functions of an anecdote is described in the paper by their following sequence: general didactic function → creative-and-teaching pragmatic orientation → entertaining-and-educational purpose. As a result of studying the specificity of lingual means’ actualization in the text of an anecdote, the author summarizes typical characteristics of the genre of an anecdote as follows: conciseness, light-heartedness, folk origin, dialogical directionality, evaluative and argumentative nature, which consists in language play and sound play in the anecdote actualization. Attention is focused on the fact that prosodic organization of an anecdote is the most significant means for correlating the two-dimensional semantics of its text against the background of other lingual means.
SEMANTIC AND CONCEPTUAL FEATURES OF THE SLOGANS OF MODERN SOCIAL ADVERTISING DISCOURSE
Authors: Devos Anastasiia
Published: July 2021

The article is devoted to the study of modern social advertising as a special type of advertising discourse. The article considers the semantic and conceptual features of the construction of advertising slogans and analyzes the functions of the advertising slogan in the context of its positive impact on potential audience. The slogans of social advertising were divided into six subgroups and the structural, pragmatic, conceptual and semantic features of the units belonging to each subgroup were analyzed.

The concepts of French social advertising are mainly centered around two general categories: “threat” and “protection”. The vast majority of advertising slogans are built in such way as to make people think about the imaginary threat and make them think about possible options for protection against it. Basing on the bipolarity of these two conceptual circles, we analyzed the lexical and semantic structure of social advertising slogans and demonstrated which semes are mainly used to achieve the maximum effect on the potential audience. Based on the study of semantic and conceptual features of French social advertising, we concluded that the concept of THREAT in French social advertising is transmitted by the following lexemes and phrases: “illness”, “suffering”, “limited physical and social capabilities”, “disability”, “inability to enjoy life”, “death”. And the concept of PROTECTION is represented by the units “tolerance”, “equality”, “gender equality” and “non-discrimination”.
I stood on the shoulders of giants
Authors: Karlov V. A.
Published: July 2021

The author dedicated the article to the outstanding scientific achievements of his mentors, who represented the Moscow Neurological School founded by Dr. E.K. Sepp and Dr. M.B. Zucker, and accompanied his story with invaluable personal memories about their everyday scientific and clinical practice and personal human qualities. It also demonstrated how the fundamental concepts put forward by Dr. E.K. Sepp were developed and expanded by his students by using modern research methods.
Facial neurology: paroxysmal neuralgia (a contribution by Professor Karlov)
Authors: Yanushevich O. O. , Rabinovich S. A.
Published: July 2021

This report has been dedicated to study facial neurology, which were profoundly impacted by Professor V.A. Karlov. Dento-neurology as a separate medical field assessing diagnostics and treatment of face and neck pain syndrome, therapy of cerebral-cranial nerves and defuncted maxillotemporal joint. Importance of visualization techniques used upon therapy of trigeminal neuralgy was emphasized.
Clinical evolution of perinatal pathology. Dialogues with the Teacher
Authors: Morozova E. A.
Published: July 2021

Here are reported the data of investigating clinical evolution of perinatal brain pathology performed under the auspices of Professor V.A. Karlov. Analysis of the data obtained revealed an importance for detecting ante- and intranatal predictors for most relevant neurological disorders in childhood: neonatal seizures, some epilepsy forms, headache and attention deficit / hyperactivity disorders. The speaker argues for the necessity to conduct topical diagnostics of the nervous system disturbances in neonates and justifies a relationship between early and delayed neurological disorders in diverse pediatric periods.
Russian League Against Epilepcy: the answer to the present challenge
Authors: Karlov V. A.
Published: July 2021

Closing the conference, Professor V.A. Karlov, President of the Russian League Against Epilepsy (RLAE), shows how to use it’s potential to solve the most important tasks set for the present domestic medicine. He touches upon the problems of health care financing, treatment of epilepsy “through life”, interdisciplinary interaction of epileptologists with obstetricians and gynecologists, neurologists, psychiatrists, neurosurgeons, as well as the state of the epileptological service in the Russian Federation as a whole.
Multipl Skleroz Hastalığının Engellilik Seviyesine Göre Maliyetleri: Sistematik Derleme Çalışması
Authors: KALENDER Selin , YİĞİT Vahit
Published: July 2021

Amaç: Bu çalışma MS hastalarının engellilik seviyeleri ile hastalığın toplam maliyetleri arasındaki ilişkinin ortaya konulmasını amaçlamaktadır. Gereç ve Yöntem: Bu amaçla literatürde hastaların EDSS (Expanded Disability Status Scale) ile belirlenen engellilik seviyelerine göre toplam maliyetlerinin değerlendirildiği hastalık maliyeti (Cost of Illness) çalışmalarının sistematik derlemesi yapılmıştır. Çalışma kapsamında literatür taraması PubMed veri tabanı üzerinde gerçekleştirilmiştir. Çalışmaya Ocak 2000-Aralık 2019 yılları arasında İngilizce olarak yayınlanan, hasta bireyler üzerinde gerçekleştirilen ve doğrudan-dolaylı maliyetlerin hesaplandığı araştırma makaleleri dahil edilmiştir. Tarama 825 yayın ile sonuçlanmıştır. Belirlenen dahil etme kriterleri çerçevesinde maliyetlerin hastaların engellilik seviyelerine göre hesaplandığı 52 çalışma değerlendirme kapsamına alınmış ve sonuçları analiz edilerek karşılaştırılmıştır. Bulgular: Hastalığın toplam maliyetleri (doğrudan+dolaylı) hastaların engellilik seviyelerinin artması ile birlikte (hafif seviye engellilik 26.925 $; orta seviye engellilik 44.429 $; şiddetli seviye engellilik 66.792 $) yükselmektedir. Doğrudan maliyetler içerisinde ilaç tedavi (DMT’ler ve diğer ilaçlar) maliyetleri (%4-%90), dolaylı maliyetler içerisinde ise üretim kayıpları (%3-%68) ana maliyet bileşenini oluşturmaktadır. Sonuç: Çalışmalar arasındaki çeşitli metodolojik farklılıklara rağmen elde edilen sonuçlar, MS’in yükselen maliyetleri nedeniyle önemli ve öncelikli olarak ele alınması gereken bir sağlık sorunu olduğunu ortaya koymaktadır.
The Hebgen Lake, Montana, earthquake of August 17, 1959, MST
Authors: Tocher Don
Published: July 2021

The main shock at 11:37 p.m. MST was felt by persons in nine western states and three Canadian provinces. Area of perceptibility (600,000 square miles), maximum intensity (X, Modified Mercalli scale), and Richter magnitude (7.1) all were greater for the 1959 shock than for any earlier Montana earthquake on record. The high intensity rating near the epicenter is justified not by the building damage, but rather by the extensive topographic changes which accompanied the earthquake: spectacular vertical fault scarps, severe warping of the ground surface around Hebgen Lake, and landsliding of various types. None of the 28 fatalities resulted from failure of works of man-two were killed by a rolling boulder, the other 26 were buried by a 43 million cubic yard rockslide in the Madison River gorge six miles below Hebgen Dam.

The aftershock record, although limited by the scarcity of seismographic stations in the Rocky Mountain region, indicates that the aftershocks are decreasing in frequency and severity in the irregular fashion usual for an event of this magnitude.
Geologic features of the earthquake at Hebgen Lake, Montana, August 17, 1959
Authors: Witkind Irving J. , Myers W. Bradley , Hadley Jarvis B. , Hamilton Warren , Fraser George D.
Published: July 2021

In the epicentral region of the Hebgen Lake earthquake, Montana, late Cenozoic structures marked by tension are superimposed on Laramide structures marked by compression. During the earthquake, several large normal faults northeast of Hebgen Lake, and many small faults and monoclines south of it, were reactivated, and a very large area was abruptly dropped and warped.

New fault scarps are as high as 20 feet. They are mostly in unconsolidated or weakly coherent material but certainly reflect displacements of the underlying bedrock. Offsets produced by refraction of faults, which are steeper in surficial material than in bedrock, and by various types of slumping, generally result in surficial scarps higher than true fault displacements.

Subsidence amounted to as much as 22 feet in the lake basin, as proved by releveling of bench marks by the Coast and Geodetic Survey and by shoreline measurements around Hebgen Lake. Parts of the basin subsided differentially, warping the lake bed and creating a gigantic long-lived seiche. Depth-sounding traverses of the lake recorded warping but gave no indication of major faulting of the lake bottom.

A part of the Madison Valley, west of Hebgen Lake, also subsided, though not as much, and a segment of the Madison Range fault was reactivated. At least part of the highway through Madison River Canyon, which cuts directly across the Madison Range between Hebgen Lake and Madison Valley, subsided also; one group of geologists regards this subsidence as tectonic, and considers the entire range, for which there are otherwise no positive data, to have subsided between Hebgen Lake and Madison Valley. In this view, an eastward trending syncline has been propagated across the northwest-trending Madison Range. Another group considers the subsidence in Madison River Canyon to be due in part to compaction and slumping, and the Madison Range to have changed little in altitude. The pattern of deformation appears to them as the uneven subsidence of two northwest-trending basins, one on either side of the Madison Range.

The earthquake caused widespread slumping and sliding of the surficial mantle; the huge Madison Slide killed 26 people. An old earthflow was reactivated and moved 100 feet or more in the month following the earthquake.
Mode superposition in multi-degree of freedom systems using earthquake response spectrum data
Authors: Merchant H. C. , Hudson D. E.
Published: July 2021

Dynamic responses of a series of typical three-degree of freedom structures to strong-motion earthquake excitation were calculated by analog computer techniques and were compared with approximate responses obtained by a superposition of individual modes derived from response spectrum curves. The results indicate that a suitably weighted average of the sum of the absolute values of the individual modes and the square root of the sum of the squares of the modes will give a practical design criterion for the base shear forces in multi-story buildings. For critical designs, this weighted average reduces to the absolute sum of the modes, which is found to be close to the true value for a significantly high proportion of typical earthquake-structure combinations.