bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Efficacy of acoustic radiation force impulse elastography in differentiation of benign and malignant lymph nodes
Authors: Sudhir Rashmi , Mohan M. V. T. Krishna , Shilpa Bogala , Chaudhary Veeraiah K.
Published: May 2019

Aims and Objectives: Aim of this study was to assess the clinical usefulness of Acoustic Radiation Force Impulse (ARFI) elastography imaging in differentiating benign and malignant/metastatic superficial nodes.

Methods and Materials: ARFI elastography (Siemens Medical Solutions, Mountain View, CA) using Virtual touch Tissue Imaging (VTI) technique was performed and Shear wave velocity (m/sec) was measured in 85 patients (mean age, 49 years; range, 16–72 years) with 126 lymph nodes (96 axillary, 21 cervical and 9 inguinal nodes) which were biopsied and histo-pathologically correlated.

Results: Of 126 nodes, 71 were benign (64 reactive and 7 koch's) and 55 were malignant (40 metastases and 15 lymphoma). The mean ARFI value of malignant nodes ±SD (4.42 ± 2.60) were significantly higher than the benign nodes (1.76 ± 0.44), with P <0.001. With the use of Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve, the cut off SWV was estimated to be 2.45m/s with sensitivity of 83.6%, specificity of 91%, and accuracy of 93.7 % while the conventional US based short axis diameter (SAD) measurement with cut off value of 10mm, showed the sensitivity of 62 %, specificity of 87% and accuracy of 87%.

Conclusion: Acoustic radiation force impulse elastography is feasible for superficial lymph nodes and provides quantitative elasticity measurements, which may complement B-mode ultrasound and potentially improve the differentiation of benign and malignant/metastatic lymph nodes.
Tumor motion in lung cancers: An overview of four-dimensional radiotherapy treatment of lung cancers
Authors: Munshi Anusheel , Khataniar Nilaxi , Ganesh Tharmar
Published: May 2019

Most modern radiotherapy centers have adopted contouring based treatment. Sparing of the normal structures has been made more achievable than ever before by use of technologies such as Intensity Modulated Radiotherapy (IMRT) and Image guided radiotherapy (IGRT). However, unlike, sites such as brain or head neck, thorax is a site in active motion, mostly contributed by patient's respiratory movement. 4 D radiotherapy, that addresses the issues of motion in thoracic tumours answers this critical question. The present article outlines the scope of need for 4 D radiotherapy and discusses the options available for 4 D treatments of cancer patients.
Management of lung cancer brain metastasis: An overview
Authors: Srivastava Himanshu , Negi Preety , Kingsley Pamela Alice , Sachdeva Jaineet
Published: May 2019

With the improvements in systemic treatment for lung cancer, distant metastasis to sanctuary sites such as brain has become an increasingly more important issue. The management of these patients consists of supportive care and disease-directed treatment. Combined modality treatment (surgical resection or radiosurgery, followed by whole brain radiotherapy) of brain metastases has greatly improved the local control of disease in patients with single lesion, good functional performance status, and controlled extracranial disease as demonstrated in prospective randomized studies. For patients with multiple brain metastases, conventional fractionated whole brain radiotherapy continues to be a standard and efficacious treatment. At present, experience with the use of molecularly targeted tyrosine kinase inhibitors in nonsmall cell lung cancer patients with activating mutations in the epidermal growth factor receptor gene and anaplastic lymphoma kinase gene is growing. However, their effectiveness in patients with brain metastases is not well established. In the arena of targeted therapies, vascular endothelial growth factor pathway inhibitors such as bevacizumab have shown some activity in brain metastases. Further prospective studies are necessary to facilitate selection of patient subpopulation for targeted agents in future studies.
Unbiased Assessment of Abundance of Rhipicephalus sanguineus sensu lato Ticks, Canine Exposure to Spotted Fever Group Rickettsia, and Risk Factors in Mexicali, México
Authors: Foley Janet , Tinoco-Gracia Luis , Rodriguez-Lomelí Moises , Estrada-Guzmán Julia , Fierro Maria , Mattar-Lopez Elva , Peterson Amy , Pascoe Emily , Gonzalez Yolanda , Hori-Oshima Sawako , Armstrong Paige A. , Lopez Gilberto , Jacome-Ibarra Mariana , Paddock Christopher D. , Zazueta Oscar E.
Published: May 2019

An epidemic of Rocky Mountain spotted fever (RMSF) is ongoing in Mexicali, México. We visited 100 neighborhoods with diagnosed human cases and 100 control neighborhoods to evaluate knowledge of the epidemic; obtain data on the spatial distribution of dogs, canine seroprevalence and active infection, tick infestations, and presence of rickettsial DNA in ticks; and evaluate risk factors for human cases, seropositivity, and tick infestation within an unbiased study design. The majority (80%) of residents had heard of RMSF, but only 48% used acaricides in the home or on dogs. Case neighborhoods and those with high canine seroprevalence tended to be on the city periphery or in the agricultural valley. No dogs were polymerase chain reaction (PCR) positive for Rickettsia rickettsii, and the overall seroprevalence was 65% (titers from 64 to 1,024). PCR prevalence in ticks was 0.70%, confirmed by DNA sequencing as R. rickettsii; neighborhood prevalence ranged from 0.7% to 6.1%. Twelve percent of dogs had high tick burdens, and all ticks were Rhipicephalus sanguineus. Epidemiologically significant risk factors were ground covering for a neighborhood having a human case; dogs having poor body condition and weighing < 10 kg for canine seropositivity; dogs living at the home for the number of ticks in the environment; and being near canals, having trash on the patio, and a dog being thin for tick burdens on dogs. A One Health approach is crucial to understanding RMSF and brown dog ticks.
Revisão Sistemática dos Instrumentos de Avaliação Cognitiva de Autores de Agressão Sexual Contra Criança e Adolescente (AASCA)
Authors: Reis Daniela Castro dos , Cavalcante Lília Iêda Chaves
Published: May 2019

O objetivo desta revisão foi identificar e descrever as medidas psicométricas de instrumentos de avaliação cognitiva de autores de agressão sexual contra criança e adolescente, cientificamente validados, encontrados em estudos que investigaram inteligência, empatia e distorção cognitiva, na literatura nacional e internacional, disponíveis na fonte de dados no Portal de Periódicos da CAPES (Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior). Utilizou como critérios de elegibilidade, termos em português e inglês, agressor sexual, abusador sexual, perpetrador sexual, estuprador sexual, molestador sexual. Em um total 1122 artigos, foram selecionados 58 para revisão e, neles, 13 instrumentos de avaliação cognitiva: verificação do coeficiente de inteligência (1), avaliação de empatia (2), e distorção cognitiva (10). Entre as propriedades psicométricas relatadas, seis dos instrumentos encontrados exibiram alto o índice de confiabilidade. Quando comparados os instrumentos de inteligência, empatia e distorção cognitiva, percebe-se que os resultados apontam para medidas de alta de confiabilidade e completeza entre esses últimos. A literatura internacional sobre o tema vem ganhando visibilidade no meio científico, contudo ainda são escassos os métodos e instrumentos de pesquisa voltados à avaliação cognitiva dessa população no Brasil.
“Mandados e comandados por alguém”: Processos de Subjetivação formados pela Institucionalização
Authors: Amorim Tâmara Ramalho de Sousa , Alberto Maria de Fatima Pereira , Santos Denise Pereira dos , Pessoa Manuella Castelo Branco
Published: May 2019

O presente artigo tem como objetivo analisar os processos de subjetivação de participantes de duas instituições de privação de liberdade no estado da Paraíba – ex-internos de um patronato agrícola contemporâneo ao Código de Menores e educandos de uma unidade de cumprimento de medida socioeducativa de internação criada sob a égide do Estatuto da Criança e do Adolescente (ECA) –, a partir da institucionalização vivenciada por eles, identificando mudanças e permanências. De acordo com Foucault, o sujeito se constitui historicamente de diferentes formas através de práticas de poder e jogos de verdade, como a prática da internação em instituições. A institucionalização serve para fixar o sujeito em um sistema normalizador, operando sobre ele um assujeitamento e fabricando corpos dóceis. Foram realizadas entrevistas semiestruturadas com 09 participantes, sendo 06 ex-internos do patronato e 03 educandos da unidade de medida socioeducativa, e os dados foram analisados por meio da Análise Crítica do Discurso. Identificaram-se processos de subjetivação – constituídos a partir da vigilância e do controle, de internalização de um discurso institucional e assujeitamentos – e permanências, como as punições incidindo sobre o corpo e um histórico de institucionalização vivenciado em suas juventudes. As mudanças disseram respeito aos motivos pelos quais os jovens foram para a instituição e aos tipos de atos infracionais cometidos, quando foi o caso. Foi possível perceber, a partir do caráter histórico deste estudo e da escuta de ex-internos e educandos, discursos bastante semelhantes proferidos por pessoas que vivenciaram/vivenciam a institucionalização em épocas distintas, sob legislações e contextos diferentes, o que aponta que as mudanças entre o Código de Menores e o ECA têm se dado mais na letra da lei do que na prática de institucionalização dos jovens.
Enredo Familiar na Adoção Irregular: Construção de Caso na Clínica Psicanalítica
Authors: Dias Fabiana Carolina de Souza Carvalho , Neves Anamaria Silva
Published: May 2019

A adoção configura um importante dispositivo legal para que crianças e adolescentes possam dispor do convívio familiar, contudo uma cifra imprecisa, com números ainda pouco tangenciados, remonta a adoção de crianças pela via informal. O presente trabalho buscou compreender a dinâmica familiar que envolve a adoção irregular. Metodologicamente, a pesquisa esteve amparada nos preceitos psicanalíticos e utilizou o estudo de caso como estratégia de análise. A família estudada acolheu duas crianças, irmãs, em uma adoção irregular. Inicialmente, foram realizados cinco atendimentos psicológicos na modalidade de acolhimento familiar e, posteriormente, o caso foi tomado em psicoterapia. A análise do caso inclui aspectos como a insegurança vivenciada pela família, a relação com a família de origem, o lugar simbólico das irmãs nas famílias e a repetição de padrões no funcionamento familiar. Emerge a premência de se explorar aspectos inconscientes imbricados na adoção irregular a fim de superar o silenciamento que os medos e as ameaças sustentam no imaginário familiar.
Esthetische omnivoren Een vergelijking tussen hoog- en laagopgeleiden in het gebruik van esthetische repertoires
Authors: van den Haak Marcel
Published: May 2019

Several scholars have argued that the relation between social and cultural hierarchy has less to do with cultural objects as such – what people consume: high or low/popular culture – and more with their ‘modes of consumption’ – how they (say they) consume and evaluate art: by applying a ‘pure’ or ‘popular’ aesthetic repertoire. To both support and nuance this thesis, this article, based on in-depth interviews with ninety Dutch people, scrutinises in detail which aesthetic criteria individuals use, and how, when speaking about their likes and dislikes within several cultural fields. It shows that ‘pure’ aesthetic criteria are indeed used more often by the well-educated than by the less-educated, but that ‘popular’ aesthetic criteria are used by both educational groups about as much. It can be argued that this makes the well-educated more ‘omnivorous’ in their use of aesthetic repertoires.
Het sociale lichaam blootgelegd
Authors: Vandenberg Femke
Published: May 2019

Het sociale lichaam blootgelegd.Boekbespreking: Dieter Vandebroeck (2016) Distinctions in the flesh: Social class and the embodiment of inequality.
Impacts of different concentrations of Copper and Zinc on in vitro responses of Azotobacter chroococum in biomass and nitrogen fixing outputs
Authors: Ngumah Chima , Orji J. , Akubuokwuoma J. , Anoliefoh U.
Published: May 2019

The responses of Azotobacter chroococum for copper and zinc were surveyed in this study. The impacts of different concentrations of copper and zinc on biomass formation and nitrogen fixation of Azotobacter chroococum were investigated. Batch trials were performed under continuous airflow using Jensen’s nitrogen free broth, at ambient room temperatures for seven days. Maximum biomass yields of 0.068 OD600 units and 0.131 OD600 units were recorded at 25 mg L-1 and 200 mg L-1 for copper and zinc amended trials, respectively. Maximum nitrogen fixations of 1.446 ppm and 1.507 ppm were also recorded for copper and zinc amended trials at 12.5 mg L-1, respectively. Statistical analysis revealed strong significant correlations between metal concentrations and nitrogen fixation for copper and zinc amended trials, respectively. Leudeking-Piret modeling showed that nitrogen fixations of Azotobacter chroococum in both copper and zinc amended trials were associated with biomass density.
Methionine supplementation improves reproductive performance, antioxidant status, immunity and maternal antibody transmission in breeder Japanese quail under heat stress conditions
Authors: Kalvandi Omid , Sadeghi Amirali , Karimi Ahmad
Published: May 2019

Abstract. This study was conducted to determine the effects of methionine (Met) supplementation on productive and reproductive performance, immune response and antioxidant status in breeder quails reared under heat stress (HS). A total of 125 breeder quails were divided into five groups. One group was kept in an environmentally controlled room at 22 ∘C and considered as thermoneutral, and four groups were kept at 34 ∘C and fed a basal diet (heat stressed) or a basal diet with Met concentrations 1.15, 1.30 and 1.45 times the quail requirements per NRC (1994) recommendations. HS decreased egg production in birds fed the basal diet (P < 0.05). Higher feed intake (P < 0.05), egg production (P < 0.05), improved feed efficiency (P < 0.05) and Haugh unit and hatchability variables (P < 0.05) occurred in Met supplemented groups. Birds receiving Met under HS had higher maternal serum IgG, egg yolk IgY and offspring serum IgG (mg mL−1). Quails receiving the Met supplementation diets exhibited higher (P < 0.05) plasma levels and liver activity of superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione peroxidase as well as lower (P < 0.05) plasma and liver levels of malondialdehyde compared to the HS group fed the basal diet. All breeder quails receiving the Met supplement had lower (P < 0.05) heterophil and H∕L ratios as well as higher (P < 0.05) lymphocytes than quails fed the basal diet under the same stress conditions. Our results suggest that dietary supplementation with Met could improve the performance, immunity and antioxidant status of quails by reducing the negative effects of HS.
Cloud droplet growth in shallow cumulus clouds considering 1-D and 3-D thermal radiative effects
Authors: Klinger Carolin , Feingold Graham , Yamaguchi Takanobu
Published: May 2019

Abstract. The effect of 1-D and 3-D thermal radiation on cloud droplet growth in
shallow cumulus clouds is investigated using large eddy simulations
with size-resolved cloud microphysics. A two-step approach is used
for separating microphysical effects from dynamical feedbacks.
In step one, an offline parcel
model is used to describe the onset of rain. The growth of cloud droplets to raindrops is
simulated with bin-resolved microphysics
along previously recorded Lagrangian trajectories. It is shown that thermal
heating and cooling rates can enhance droplet growth and raindrop
production. Droplets grow to larger size bins in the 10–30 µm radius
range. The main effect in terms of raindrop production arises from recirculating parcels,
where a small number of droplets are
exposed to strong thermal cooling at cloud edge. These recirculating
parcels, comprising about 6 %–7 % of all parcels investigated, make up
45 % of the rain for the no-radiation simulation and up to 60 % when 3-D
radiative effects are considered. The effect of 3-D thermal radiation
on rain production is stronger than that of 1-D thermal
radiation. Three-dimensional thermal radiation can enhance the rain amount up to 40 %
compared to standard droplet growth without radiative effects in this
idealized framework. In the second stage, fully coupled large eddy simulations show that
dynamical effects are stronger than microphysical effects, as far as the
production of rain is concerned. Three-dimensional thermal radiative effects again exceed
one-dimensional thermal radiative effects. Small amounts of rain are
produced in more clouds (over a larger area of the domain) when thermal
radiation is applied to microphysics. The dynamical feedback is shown to be an
enhanced cloud circulation with stronger subsiding shells at the cloud
edges due to thermal cooling and stronger updraft velocities in the
cloud center. It is shown that an evaporation–circulation feedback reduces the amount of rain
produced in simulations where 3-D thermal radiation is applied to
microphysics and dynamics, in comparison to where 3-D thermal radiation
is only applied to dynamics.
Low cloud reduction within the smoky marine boundary layer and the diurnal cycle
Authors: Zhang Jianhao , Zuidema Paquita
Published: May 2019

Abstract. Previous observational studies of the southeast Atlantic emphasize an increase in the stratocumulus cloud cover when shortwave-absorbing aerosols are present in the free-troposphere. Recent field measurements at Ascension Island (8° S, 14.5° W) reveal that smoke is also often present in the marine boundary layer, most evident in August when the smoke is highly absorbing of sunlight, the boundary layer is deeper, the cloud-top inversion is weaker, and a climatologically lower cloud fraction eases penetration of the sunlight to the surface, compared to later months. In these conditions, the low cloud cover decreases further with enhanced smoke loadings, reflecting a boundary layer semi-direct effect that is a positive feedback. The low cloud cover reduction is particularly pronounced in the afternoon, although the cloud liquid water path is more strongly reduced at night. The daily-mean surface-based mixed layer is warmer by approximately 0.5 K when more smoke is present in the boundary layer, with a warming peak in the late afternoon when the cloud cover reduction is largest. After sunset, sub-cloud moisture accumulates throughout the night, increasing the moisture stratification with the cloud layer. This increase in boundary layer decoupling is consistent with reduced turbulence. A new observation is that in the sunlit morning hours, the smokier boundary layer deepens by approximately 200 m, and both the liquid water paths and cloud top heights increase. We speculate this reflects radiatively-induced vertical ascent originating from within a well-mixed smoke-filled sub-cloud layer. Overall, the reduction in daytime low cloud decreases the top-of-atmosphere all-sky albedo, despite an increase in the top-of-atmosphere direct aerosol radiation of ~ 6.5 W m2 between the (most-least) smoky tercile composites. A convolving meteorological influence is also apparent near the cloud top, in that, although the free troposphere is also often smoky in August, the associated above-cloud potential temperatures are often cooler, rather than warmer, and better-mixed. The cooling weakens the inversion beyond that expected from the warming of the boundary layer and further encourages entrainment of more smoke into the already smoky boundary layer, increasing the longevity of the boundary layer smoke events. The free-tropospheric winds are also typically stronger and more easterly. More smoke appears to settle into the sub-cloud layer during the day than at night when it is smoky, speculated to reflect a deeper daytime sub-cloud layer facilitating entrainment, when the nighttime stratification does not.
Quantifying organic matter and functional groups in particulate matter filter samples from the southeastern United States, part I: Methods
Authors: Boris Alexandra J. , Takahama Satoshi , Weakley Andrew T. , Debus Bruno M. , Fredrickson Carley D. , Esparza-Sanchez Martin , Burki Charlotte , Reggente Matteo , Shaw Stephanie L. , Edgerton Eric S. , Dillner Ann M.
Published: May 2019

Abstract. Comprehensive techniques to describe the organic composition of atmospheric aerosol are needed to elucidate pollution sources, gain insights into atmospheric chemistry and evaluate changes in air quality. Fourier Transform Infrared absorption (FT-IR) spectrometry can be used to characterize atmospheric organic matter (OM) and its composition via functional groups on aerosol filter samples in air monitoring networks and research campaigns. We have built FT-IR spectrometry functional group calibration models that improve upon previous work. Laboratory standards that simulated the breadth of the absorbing functional groups in atmospheric OM were made: particles of relevant chemicals were first generated, collected, and analyzed. Challenges of collecting atmospherically relevant particles and spectra were addressed by including interferences of particle water and other inorganic aerosol constituents and exploring the spectral effects of inter-molecular interactions. Calibration models of functional groups were then constructed using partial least squares (PLS) regression and the collected laboratory standard data. These models were used to quantify concentrations of five organic functional groups and OM in eight years of ambient aerosol samples from the southeastern aerosol research and characterization (SEARCH) network. The results agreed with values estimated using other methods, including thermal optical reflectance (TOR) organic carbon (OC; R2 = 0.74) and OM calculated as a difference between total aerosol mass and inorganic species concentrations (R2 = 0.82). Comparisons with previous calibration models of the same type demonstrate that this new, more complete suite of chemicals has improved our ability to estimate oxygenated functional group and overall OM concentrations. Calculated characteristic and elemental ratios including OM/OC, O/C and H/C agree with those from previous work in the southeastern US, substantiating the aerosol composition described by FT-IR calibration. The median OM/OC ratio over all sites and years was 2.1 ± 0.2. Further results discussing temporal and spatial trends of functional group composition within the SEARCH network will be published in a forthcoming article.
Field comparison of dry deposition samplers for collection of atmospheric mineral dust: results from single-particle characterization
Authors: Waza Andebo , Schneiders Kilian , May Jan , Rodríguez Sergio , Epple Bernd , Kandler Konrad
Published: May 2019

Abstract. Frequently, passive dry deposition collectors are used to sample atmospheric dust deposition. However, there exists a multitude of different instruments with different, usually not well-characterized sampling efficiencies. As result, the acquired data might be considerably biased with respect to their size representativity, and as consequence, also composition. In this study, individual particle analysis by automated scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy-dispersive X-ray was used to characterize different, commonly used passive samplers with respect to their size-resolved deposition flux and concentration. This study focuses on the microphysical properties. In addition, computational fluid dynamics modeling was used in parallel to achieve deposition velocities from a theoretical point of view. Flux measurements made using different passive samplers show a disagreement between the samplers. Both MWAC and BSNE collect considerably more material than Flat plate and the Sigma-2. The collection efficiency of MWAC for large particles increases in comparison to Sigma-2 slightly with increasing wind speed, while there is barely such increase visible for the BSNE. A correlation analysis between dust flux, derived dust concentrations and wind speed reveals a positive correlation between dust flux and dust concentration and negative correlation between dust flux and wind speed. A very good correlation is found between derived concentrations and PM10 concentration measurements by an optical particle spectrometer. The results also suggest that a Big Spring Number Eight as horizontal flux sampler and a Sigma-2 as vertical flux sampler can be good options for PM10 measurement, whereas a Modified Wilson and Cooke sample is not a suitable choice. Furthermore, it is found that deposition velocities calculated from classical deposition models do not agree with deposition velocities estimated using computational fluid dynamics simulations. The deposition velocity from CFD was often higher than the values derived from classical deposition velocity models. Comparatively, deposition velocity calculated using analytical approach better fits to the measurement data than deposition velocity from CFD.
Floodwater impact on Galveston Bay phytoplankton taxonomy, pigment composition and photo-physiological state following Hurricane Harvey from field and ocean color (Sentinel-3A OLCI) observations
Authors: Liu Bingqing , D'Sa Eurico J. , Joshi Ishan D.
Published: May 2019

Abstract. Phytoplankton taxonomy, pigment composition and photo-physiological state
were studied in Galveston Bay (GB), Texas (USA), following the extreme
flooding associated with Hurricane Harvey (25–29 August 2017) using field
and satellite ocean color observations. The percentage of chlorophyll a
(Chl a) in different phytoplankton groups was determined from a
semi-analytical IOP (inherent optical property) inversion algorithm. The IOP
inversion algorithm revealed the dominance of freshwater species (diatom,
cyanobacteria and green algae) in the bay following the hurricane passage
(29 September 2017) under low salinity conditions associated with the
discharge of floodwaters into GB. Two months after the hurricane
(29–30 October 2017), under more seasonal salinity conditions, the
phytoplankton community transitioned to an increase in small-sized groups
such as haptophytes and prochlorophytes. Sentinel-3A Ocean and Land Colour Instrument (OLCI)-derived Chl a
obtained using a red ∕ NIR (near-infrared) band ratio algorithm for the turbid estuarine
waters was highly correlated (R2>0.90) to the (high-performance liquid
chromatography) HPLC-derived
Chl a. Long-term observations of OLCI-derived Chl a
(August 2016–December 2017) in GB revealed that hurricane-induced Chl a
declined to background mean state in late October 2017. A non-negative least
squares (NNLS) inversion model was then applied to OLCI-derived Chl a maps
of GB to investigate spatiotemporal variations of phytoplankton diagnostic
pigments pre- and post-hurricane; results appeared consistent with extracted
phytoplankton taxonomic composition derived from the IOP inversion algorithm
and microplankton pictures obtained from an Imaging FlowCytobot (IFCB).
OLCI-derived diagnostic pigment distributions also exhibited good agreement
with HPLC measurements during both surveys, with R2 ranging from 0.40
for diatoxanthin to 0.96 for Chl a. Environmental factors (e.g.,
floodwaters) combined with phytoplankton taxonomy also strongly modulated
phytoplankton physiology in the bay as indicated by measurements of
photosynthetic parameters with a fluorescence induction and relaxation (FIRe)
system. Phytoplankton in well-mixed waters (mid-bay area) exhibited maximum
PSII photochemical efficiency (Fv∕Fm) and a low effective absorption cross
section (σPSII), while the areas adjacent to the shelf
(likely nutrient-limited) showed low Fv∕Fm and elevated
σPSII values. Overall, the approach using field and
ocean color data combined with inversion models allowed, for the first time,
an assessment of phytoplankton response to a large hurricane-related
floodwater perturbation in a turbid estuarine environment based on its
taxonomy, pigment composition and physiological state.
CO2 and CH4 fluxes are decoupled from organic carbon loss in drying reservoir sediments
Authors: Light Tricia , Catalán Núria , Giralt Santiago , Marcé Rafael
Published: May 2019

Abstract. Reservoirs are a prominent feature of the current global hydrological landscape, and their sediments are the site of extensive organic carbon burial. Meanwhile, reservoirs frequently go dry due to drought and/or water management decisions. Nonetheless, the fate of organic carbon buried in reservoir sediments upon drying is largely unknown. Here, we conducted a 45-day-long laboratory incubation of sediment cores collected from a western Mediterranean reservoir to investigate carbon dynamics in drying sediment. Drying sediment cores emitted more CO2 over the course of the incubation than sediment cores incubated with overlaying water (206.7 ± 47.9 vs. 69.2 ± 18.1 mmol CO2 m−2 day−1, mean ± SE). Organic carbon content at the end of the incubation was lower in drying cores, which suggests that this higher CO2 efflux was due to organic carbon mineralization. However, the apparent rate of organic C reduction in the drying sediments (568.6 ± 247.2 mmol CO2 m−2 day−1, mean ± SE) was higher than C emission. Meanwhile, sediment cores collected from a reservoir area that had already been exposed for 2+ years displayed net CO2 influx from the atmosphere to the sediment (−136.0 ± 27.5 mmol CO2 m−2 day−1, mean ± SE) during the incubation period. Sediment mineralogy suggests that this CO2 influx was caused by a relative increase in calcium carbonate chemical weathering. Thus, we found that while organic carbon decomposition in newly dry reservoir sediment causes measurable organic carbon loss and carbon gas emissions to the atmosphere, other processes can offset these emissions on short time frames and compromise the use of carbon emissions as a proxy for organic carbon mineralization in drying sediments.
HERMESv3, a stand-alone multi-scale atmospheric emission modelling framework – Part 1: global and regional module
Authors: Guevara Marc , Tena Carles , Porquet Manuel , Jorba Oriol , Pérez García-Pando Carlos
Published: May 2019

Abstract. We present the High-Elective Resolution Modelling Emission System version 3
(HERMESv3), an open source, parallel and stand-alone multi-scale atmospheric
emission modelling framework that computes gaseous and aerosol emissions for
use in atmospheric chemistry models. HERMESv3 is coded in Python and consists
of a global_regional module and a bottom_up module
that can be either combined or executed separately. In this contribution
(Part 1) we describe the global_regional module, a customizable
emission processing system that calculates emissions from different sources,
regions and pollutants on a user-specified global or regional grid. The user
can flexibly define combinations of existing up-to-date global and regional
emission inventories and apply country-specific scaling factors and masks.
Each emission inventory is individually processed using user-defined
vertical, temporal and speciation profiles that allow obtaining emission
outputs compatible with multiple chemical mechanisms (e.g. Carbon-Bond 05).
The selection and combination of emission inventories and databases is done
through detailed configuration files providing the user with a widely
applicable framework for designing, choosing and adjusting the emission
modelling experiment without modifying the HERMESv3 source code. The
generated emission fields have been successfully tested in different
atmospheric chemistry models (i.e. CMAQ, WRF-Chem and NMMB-MONARCH) at
multiple spatial and temporal resolutions. In a companion article (Part 2;
Guevara et al., 2019) we describe the
bottom_up module, which estimates emissions at the source level
(e.g. road link) combining state-of-the-art bottom–up methods with local
activity and emission factors.
The Met Office Unified Model Global Atmosphere 7.0/7.1 and JULES Global Land 7.0 configurations
Authors: Walters David , Baran Anthony J. , Boutle Ian , Brooks Malcolm , Earnshaw Paul , Edwards John , Furtado Kalli , Hill Peter , Lock Adrian , Manners James , Morcrette Cyril , Mulcahy Jane , Sanchez Claudio , Smith Chris , Stratton Rachel , Tennant Warren , Tomassini Lorenzo , Van Weverberg Kwinten , Vosper Simon , Willett Martin , Browse Jo , Bushell Andrew , Carslaw Kenneth , Dalvi Mohit , Essery Richard , Gedney Nicola , Hardiman Steven , Johnson Ben , Johnson Colin , Jones Andy , Jones Colin , Mann Graham , Milton Sean , Rumbold Heather , Sellar Alistair , Ujiie Masashi , Whitall Michael , Williams Keith , Zerroukat Mohamed
Published: May 2019

Abstract. We describe Global
Atmosphere 7.0 and Global Land 7.0 (GA7.0/GL7.0), the latest science
configurations of the Met Office Unified Model (UM) and the Joint UK Land Environment
Simulator (JULES) land surface model
developed for use across weather and climate timescales. GA7.0 and GL7.0
include incremental developments and targeted improvements that, between
them, address four critical errors identified in previous configurations: excessive
precipitation biases over India, warm and moist biases in the tropical tropopause
layer (TTL), a source of energy non-conservation in the advection scheme and
excessive surface radiation biases over the Southern Ocean. They also include
two new parametrisations, namely the UK Chemistry and Aerosol (UKCA) GLOMAP-mode (Global Model of Aerosol
Processes) aerosol scheme and the
JULES multi-layer snow scheme, which improve the fidelity of the simulation
and were required for inclusion in the Global Atmosphere/Global Land configurations
ahead of the 6th Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP6). In addition, we describe the GA7.1 branch configuration, which reduces an
overly negative anthropogenic aerosol effective radiative forcing (ERF) in GA7.0
whilst maintaining the quality of simulations of the present-day climate.
GA7.1/GL7.0 will form the physical atmosphere/land component in the
HadGEM3–GC3.1 and UKESM1 climate model submissions to the CMIP6.
Migration of reflector orientation attributes in deep seismic profiles: evidence for decoupling of the Yilgarn Craton lower crust
Authors: Calvert Andrew J. , Doublier Michael P.
Published: May 2019

Abstract. Interpretation of deep seismic data is challenging due to
the lack of direct geological constraints from drilling and the more limited
amount of data available from 2-D profiles in comparison to hydrocarbon
exploration surveys. Thus other constraints that can be derived from the
seismic data themselves can be of great value. Though the origin of most
deep seismic reflections remains ambiguous, an association between seismic
reflections and crustal strain, e.g. shear zones, underlies many
interpretations. Estimates of the 3-D orientation of reflectors may help
associate specific reflections, or regions of the crust, with geological
structures mapped at the surface whose orientation and tectonic history are
known. In the case of crooked 2-D onshore seismic lines, the orientation of
reflections can be estimated when the range of azimuths in a common midpoint
gather is greater than approximately 20∘, but integration of these
local orientation attributes into an interpretation of migrated seismic data
requires that they also be migrated. Here we present a simple approach to
the 2-D migration of these orientation attributes that utilizes the apparent
dip in reflections on the unmigrated stack and maps reflector strike, for
example, to a short linear segment depending on its original position and a
migration velocity. This interpretation approach has been applied to a
seismic line shot across the Younami Terrane of the Australian Yilgarn
Craton and indicates that the lower crust behaved differently from the
overlying middle crust as the newly assembled crust collapsed during the
Late Archean. Some structures related to approximately east-directed
shortening are preserved in the middle crust, but the lower crust is
characterized by reflectors that suggest N-NNE-oriented ductile flow.
Deployment of off-line receivers during seismic acquisition allows the
recording of a larger range of source-receiver azimuths and should produce
more reliable future estimates of these reflector attributes.
Pore-scale permeability prediction for Newtonian and non-Newtonian fluids
Authors: Eichheimer Philipp , Thielmann Marcel , Popov Anton , Golabek Gregor J. , Fujita Wakana , Kottwitz Maximilian O. , Kaus Boris J. P.
Published: May 2019

Abstract. The flow of fluids through porous media such as groundwater flow or magma migration are key processes in geological sciences. Flow is controlled by the permeability of the rock, thus an accurate determination and prediction of its value is of crucial importance. For this reason, permeability has been measured across different scales. As laboratory measurements exhibit a range of limitations, the numerical prediction of permeability at conditions where laboratory experiments struggle has become an important method to complement laboratory approaches. At high resolutions, this prediction becomes computationally very expensive, which makes it crucial to develop methods that maximize accuracy. In recent years, the flow of non-Newtonian fluids through porous media has gained additional importance due to e.g., the use of nanofluids for enhanced oil recovery. Numerical methods to predict fluid flow in these cases are therefore required. Here, we employ the open-source finite difference solver LaMEM to numerically predict the permeability of porous media at low Reynolds numbers for both Newtonian as well as non-Newtonian fluids. We employ a stencil rescaling method to better describe the solid-fluid interface. The accuracy of the code is verified by comparing numerical solutions to analytical ones for a set of simplified model setups. Results show that stencil rescaling significantly increases the accuracy at no additional computational cost. Finally, we use our modeling framework to predict the permeability of a Fontainebleau sandstone, and demonstrate numerical convergence. Results show very good agreement with experimental estimates as well as with previous studies. We also demonstrate the ability of the code to simulate the flow of power law fluids through porous media. As in the Newtonian case, results show good agreement with analytical solutions.
New Last Glacial Maximum Ice Thickness constraints for the Weddell Sea sector, Antarctica
Authors: Nichols Keir A. , Goehring Brent M. , Balco Greg , Johnson Joanne S. , Hein Andrew A. , Todd Claire
Published: May 2019

Abstract. This paper describes new Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) ice thickness constraints for three locations spanning the Weddell Sea Embayment (WSE) of Antarctica. Samples collected from the Shackleton Range, Pensacola Mountains, and the Lassiter Coast constrain the LGM thickness of the Slessor Glacier, Foundation Ice Stream, and grounded ice proximal to the modern Ronne Ice Shelf Edge on the Antarctic Peninsula, respectively. Previous attempts to reconstruct LGM-to-present ice thickness changes around the WSE used measurements of long-lived cosmogenic nuclides, primarily 10Be. An absence of post-LGM apparent exposure ages at many sites led to LGM thickness reconstructions that were spatially highly variable, and inconsistent with flowline modeling. Estimates for the contribution of the ice sheet occupying the WSE at the LGM to global sea level since deglaciation vary by an order of magnitude, from 1.4 to 14.1 m of sea level equivalent. Here we use a cosmogenic nuclide, in situ produced 14C, to evaluate the possibility that sites with no post-LGM exposure ages are biased by cosmogenic nuclide inheritance due to surface preservation by cold-based ice and nondeposition of LGM-aged drift. Our measurements show that the Slessor Glacier was between 310 and 650 m thicker than present at the LGM. The Foundation Ice Stream was at least 800 m thicker, and ice on the Lassiter Coast was at least 385 m thicker than present at the LGM. With evidence for LGM thickening at all of our study sites, our in situ 14C measurements indicate that the long-lived nuclide measurements of previous studies were influenced by cosmogenic nuclide inheritance. Our LGM thickness constraints point toward a modest contribution from the Weddell Sea Embayment to global sea-level since deglaciation, with an estimated range of 2.2 to 5.8 m.
The effect of wind direction shear on turbine performance in a wind farm in central Iowa
Authors: Sanchez Gomez Miguel , Lundquist Julie K.
Published: May 2019

Abstract. Numerous studies have shown that atmospheric conditions affect wind turbine performance, however, some findings have exposed conflicting results for different locations and diverse analysis methodologies. In this study, we explore how the change in wind direction with height (direction wind shear), a site-differing factor between conflicting studies, affects wind turbine performance. We utilized lidar and turbine data collected from the 2013 Crop Wind Energy eXperiment (CWEX) project between June and September in a wind farm in north-central Iowa. Directional wind shear was found to follow a diurnal cycle and to monotonically decrease with increasing wind speeds. Using different thresholds to distinguish between high- and low-directional wind shear scenarios, we found that larger thresholds evidence statistically-significant effects on turbine power production for lower wind speeds. We further analyzed a threshold of 0.225 deg m−1 and found turbine underperformance in the order of 10 % for wind speed regimes below 8 m s−1. Considering a time period of ramping electricity demand (05:30–09:00 LT) exposed the fact that large direction shear occurs during this time and is undermining turbine performance by more than 10 %. A predominance of clockwise direction shear (wind veering) cases compared to counterclockwise (wind backing) was also observed throughout the campaign. Moreover, large veering was found to have greater detrimental effects on turbine performance compared to small backing values. This study shows that changes in wind direction with height should be considered when analyzing turbine performance, however, future work on segregating speed and direction shear should be pursued to quantify the effects of only one factor on turbine power production.
On the Application of Situational Language Teaching Method to Mongolian English Majors
Authors: Du Juan
Published: May 2019

The traditional English teaching method has gradually been replaced by new teaching methods in English class. Situational Language Teaching Method is a way to activate the teaching of language knowledge through the design of authentic and concrete situation. A survey is carried out in Inner Mongolia University for Nationalites. It investigates the practical application of Situational Language Teaching Method among Mongolian English majors in this university. Through the analysis of the questionnaire results, the paper reveals the obstacles existing in the application of the method, namely: passive participation due to improper text parsing; weakening role of teachers; and ineffective transfer among language, image and meaning. At the same time, it puts forward appropriate strategies to solve the problems during the application of SLT to Mongolian English majors.
Mother’s Role and Knowledge in Young Children Feeding Practices on the Nutritional Status of Infant and Toddler
Authors: Hasibuan Yusrawati , Batubara Ardiana , Suryani Suryani
Published: May 2019

Adequate nutrition, beginning in early stages of life, is crucial to ensure good physical and mental development as well as long-term health. Efforts in improving nutritional status in Indonesia are mostly focused to the vulnerable groups, mainly infant (baby under one year old) and toodler (baby under two years old). Childhood underweight and overweight are an important public health problem, as these conditions tend to have a chronic condition that cause a wide range of future morbidity. Overweight in young children is associated with future cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, and psychosocial problems and stunted children suffer from impaired growth with permanent consequences in their adult life that face a high risk of morbidity and mortality. In this case, parents (especially mothers as the role models) are mostly responsible on healthy eating behaviors of their young children. With refers to this empirical fact, the objective of this study was to assess the association of mother’s role and knowledge in feeding young children practices on the nutritional status of their infants and toddlers. Analytical cross-sectional study was used in this study. The sampling technique was purposive sampling and a total of samples were 136 mothers. Data were processed and analyzed by using a computer program with a chi-square test at a significance level of 95%. Overall, results of the statistical test showed that there were no significant associations between role and knowledge of the mothers and adequate nutritional status of their infants and toddlers at a p-value of 0.544> 0.05 and p-value of 0.749 > 0.05 respectively. Based on results of this study, more intensive nutrition intervention programs are necessary to prevent poor nutritional status of young children particularly for infant and toddler, conducting more active coordination in health cross-programs, and improving nutrition counseling programs and suitable health services for the concerned public.
“Una derrota que parece un triunfo”: Donoso Cortés y la tutela de Isabel II
Authors: Garrido Muro Luis
Published: May 2019

Simple secundario de la política española hasta 1840, la vida de Donoso Cortés dio un giro decisivo un año más tarde a raíz de que María Cristina de Borbón le encargara defender sus intereses en el pleito que estaba a punto de comenzar acerca de la tutela de su hija, Isabel II. De cultivar las letras y las ideas políticas casi a partes iguales, pasó así a desplegar una intensa actividad con el objeto de llevar su misión a buen puerto, un asunto que encerraba en su seno una cuestión de poder y una visión enfrentada entre progresistas y moderados acerca de lo que debía ser la Monarquía en España en ese momento. No tuvo éxito en la empresa, pero consiguió hacer tal ruido que se ganó el respeto y la confianza de María Cristina y su segundo marido, Fernando Muñoz. Los tres conformaron una alianza política y personal que marcaría la política española de los años siguientes.
“Entelequia”, “enmascaramiento” y “disimulo”. Las estrategias discursivas de Videla para hablar sobre los desaparecidos
Authors: Salvi Valentina
Published: May 2019

Desde el regreso de la democracia en diciembre de 1983 hasta su muerte en mayo de 2013, el dictador argentino Jorge Rafael Videla no solo reivindicó política y militarmente la llamada lucha contra la subversión, acusó a los autoridades democráticas y denuncio el accionar de la Justicia, justificó, minimizó y negó lo actuado por las Fuerzas Armadas a su cargo durante el terrorismo de Estado, sino que también fue prolífico en especulaciones en torno a los desaparecidos. El presente artículo se propone analizar las declaraciones públicas realizadas por Videla con los objetivos de dar cuenta de los modos en que se refirió a las personas que fueron secuestradas, torturadas y asesinadas por el régimen militar y de identificar los diversos contextos políticos de enunciación en los que estas nominaciones sobre los desaparecidos tuvieron lugar.
El avance de las actitudes sociales críticas durante el tardofranquismo: un análisis del caso del profesorado
Authors: Fuertes Muñoz Carlos
Published: May 2019

En este texto pretendemos reflexionar sobre el avance de las actitudes sociales críticas entre el profesorado durante la última etapa de dictadura franquista. Particularmente, a partir de un análisis de testimonios, informes políticos y bibliografía centrado en Valencia, analizaremos diversas dimensiones de este fenómeno, escasamente integrado en el debate sobre las actitudes sociales durante el franquismo. Así, destacamos su notable extensión y su importante influencia en la concienciación crítica de los estudiantes y la dinamización sociopolítica de los barrios y pueblos del tardofranquismo.