bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An Autophagy-Related Prognostic Signature and Verification that ATIC Inhibits Autophagy Through the AMPK/mTOR Pathway in Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Zhang Hao , Xia Peng , Liu Jie , Wang Xingxing , Chen Zhang , Ma Weijie , Yuan Yufeng
Published: May 2021

Background: Autophagy regulates many cell functions related to cancer, ranging from cell proliferation and angiogenesis to metabolism. Due to the close relationship between autophagy and tumors, we investigated the predictive value of autophagy-related genes.Methods: Data from patients with hepatocellular carcinoma were obtained from the TCGA and ICGC databases. Regression analysis of differentially expressed genes was performed. Based on a prognostic model, patients were divided into a high-risk or low-risk group. Kaplan-Meier survival analyses of patients in the two groups were conducted. The immune landscapes, as shown by the single-sample gene set enrichment analysis (ssGSEA), had different patterns in two groups. The prognostic model was verified using the ICGC database and clinical data of patients collected from Zhongnan Hospital. In the results of multivariate COX regression analysis, ATIC has the largest hazard ratio, so we studied the effect of ATIC on autophagy and tumor progression through experiments in vitro and in vivo.Results: Fifty-eight autophagy-related genes were differentially expressed (FDR < 0.05, logFC > 1); 23 genes were related to the prognosis of patients. A prognostic model based on 12 genes (ATG10, ATIC, BIRC5, CAPN10, FKBP1A, GAPDH, HDAC1, PRKCD, RHEB, SPNS1, SQSTM1 and TMEM74) was constructed using the method of multivariate COX regression analysis. For the high-risk group and low-risk group distinguished by the model, there was a significant difference in survival between the two groups (P < 0.001). The model had good predictive power (AUC > 0.7). Risk-related genes were related to the terms type II IFN response, MHC class I (P < 0.001) and HLA (P < 0.05). ATIC was confirmed to inhibit autophagy and promote the proliferation, invasion and metastasis of liver cancer cells through the AMPK/mTOR signaling pathway.Conclusions: The prediction model can effectively predict the survival time of liver cancer patients. The risk score reflects patient immune cell features and immune status. ATIC inhibits autophagy and promotes the progression of liver cancer through the AMPK/mTOR signaling pathway.
Association Between Hypomagnesemia and Severity of Primary Hyperparathyroidism: a Retrospective Study
Authors: Na Ding , Tao Guo , Liu Shu-Ying , Qin-Yi Wang , Xiao-Li Qu , Li Yong-Fang , Yang-Na Ou , Zhi-Feng Sheng , Yan-Yi Yang
Published: May 2021

Background: The occurrence of hypomagnesemia in patients with primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) has been noted previously; however, the association of hypomagnesemia and severity of primary hyperparathyroidism remains unknown. The present study aimed to evaluate the association of hypomagnesemia with biochemical and clinical manifestations in patients with PHPT.Methods: This was a retrospective study conducted at a tertiary hospital. We obtained data from 307 patients with PHPT from January 2010 through August 2020. Data on demographics, history, laboratory findings, bone densitometry findings, and clinical presentation and complications were collected and were compared in normal magnesium group vs hypomagnesemia group.Results: Among the 307 patients with PHPT included in our study, 77 patients (33/102 [32.4%] males and 44/205 [21.5%] females) had hypomagnesemia. Mean hemoglobin levels in the hypomagnesemia group were significantly lower than those in the normal magnesium group in both males and females. In contrast, patients with hypomagnesemia had a higher mean serum calcium and parathyroid hormone than individuals with normal magnesium. The typical symptoms of PHPT, such as nephrolithiasis, bone pain/fractures, polyuria, or polydipsia, were more common in the hypomagnesemia group. In addition, patients with hypomagnesemia had a higher prevalence of osteoporosis, anemia, and hypercalcemic crisis. Even after adjusting for potential confounders, including age, sex, body mass index, estimated glomerular filtration rate, and parathyroid hormone levels, these associations remained essentially unchanged. Conclusion: Biochemical and clinical evidence indicates that patients with PHPT with hypomagnesemia have more severe hyperparathyroidism than those without hypomagnesemia. Hypomagnesemia is a risk factor for osteoporosis, anemia, and hypercalcemic crisis and may be used as a predictive marker for severity of primary hyperparathyroidism.
A Prospective Study of the Quality of Life of Patients With Stress Incontinence Before and After a Transobturator Tape (TOT) Procedure
Authors: Zalewski Maciej , Kołodyńska Gabriela , Mucha Anna , Andrzejewski Waldemar
Published: May 2021

Background: Urinary incontinence (UI) is a significant social problem. The latest figures show that it affects as many as 17%–60% of the female population, and it is one of the most common chronic diseases. Incontinence substantially decreases the quality of patients’ lives. The transobturator tape (TOT) procedure is the gold standard in surgical treatment due to its high effectiveness and a small percentage of complications. Objective: The aim of this study was to assess the quality of life (QoL) of patients with stress incontinence before and after the TOT procedure.Method: The study involved 57 patients diagnosed with stress incontinence on the basis of an ultrasound scan and an interview. The QoL before and after surgery was measured using the Incontinence Impact Questionnaire (IIQ-7) and the Incontinence Quality of Life (I-QOL) standardized questionnaires. Results: The IIQ-7 results for each question were higher (signifying worse) before surgery than after it. The results for almost all domains were statistically significant. The I-QOL results also showed that, in most cases, the quality of patients’ lives improved after surgery. Statistically significant changes were observed in all three questionnaire domains of avoidance/limiting behavior, psychosocial impact, and social embarrassment.Conclusion: Surgical treatment of stress incontinence using the TOT procedure causes bothersome symptoms to subside in the majority of patients, leading to an improvement in their living comfort.
One Health Perspective on Infections in Nephrology: A Parallel Survey on Carbapenem- and Multidrug-resistant Klebsiella Pneumoniae and Pseudomonas Aeruginosa in High-risk Renal Patients and Farm Animals in Italy
Authors: Bonardi Silvia , Fiaccadori Enrico , Parisi Antonio , Manfreda Gerardo , Cavirani Sandro , Cabassi Clotilde Silvia , D’Errico Michele Luca , Pupillo Giovanni , Sabatino Alice , Spadini Costanza , Crippa Cecilia , Pizzin Gisella , Ruocco Ferdinando , Pasquali Frédérique
Published: May 2021

One Health is a multisectorial approach to achieve optimal health and well-being outcomes, recognizing the interconnections between people, animals, plants, and their environment. A relevant application is represented by antimicrobial resistance. Noteworthy, intensive farming has been frequently associated with abuse of antimicrobials and antimicrobial resistance is common among microorganisms from food-producing animals, whose transmission to humans cannot be excluded. In our survey, prevalence of carbapenem- and multidrug resistant K. pneumoniae and P. aeruginosa in renal patients and pigs in northern Italy was evaluated. During 2017–2018, 300 urine samples were collected from 187 high risk patients with kidney disease (mainly Acute Kidney Injury, 59/187, 31.5%; or kidney transplant, 90/187, 48.1%) at the Parma University Hospital. Additionally, 300 faecal samples were collected from slaughtered pigs. Carbapenemase-producing K. pneumoniae was detected in 4.8% of patients (9/187). Specifically, ST554 blaKPC−3 (61.5%), ST37 blaVIM−1 (15.4%), ST 258 blaKPC−2 (15.4%) and ST4525 blaVIM−1 (7.7%) were found. To our knowledge, ST4525 is a novel ST-type and ST37 blaVIM−1 was never reported before. ESBL genes (blaSHV, blaTEM, blaoxa and blaCTX) were differently distributed among isolates, as well as several AMR genes. Carbapenem-resistant K. pneumoniae was not detected in pigs. Carbapenem-resistant P. aeruginosa was detected in 1.1% patients (2/187) and in 1.3% pigs (4/300). Interestingly, P. aeruginosa ST938 blaPAO blaOXA396 was isolated from one patient (83 years old male with Acute Kidney Injury) and one pig. Although no direct epidemiological link was demonstrable, SNP calling suggested a close genetic relationship of the isolates (only 41 SNPs difference).
Does Microbial Diversity of Cave Ecosystems Differ from Outside? The Case of the Azé Show Cave (France)
Authors: Alaoui-Sosse Badr , Ozaki Shinji , Barriquand Lionel , De Luca Daniele , Cennamo Paola , Vallot Benoit , Alaoui-Sosse Laurence , Bourgeade Pascale , Bousta Faisl , Aleya Lotfi , Pfendler Stéphane
Published: May 2021

In recent decades, the Azé cave has begun to suffer from microorganism proliferation due to artificial lighting installations for touristic activity. The present work aims at understanding the origin of the Lampenflora and bacterial community populating inside the cave. We performed high throughput sequencing of the communities populating the outside, the entrance and the inside of the Azé cave. Our results indicated that 68.2–74.5% of the phototrophic community was represented by Eukaryotes, and 25.5 to 31.8% by cyanobacteria regardless of the sampled area. We observed a decrease of bacterial and phototroph species richness from the outside to the bottom of the cave. The phototrophic communities were significantly different in term of specific OTU richness but not in term of composition. For photosynthetic organisms, only 4 OTU were specific to the inside of the cave, representing less than 0.1% of the total OTUs. On the contrary, more than 400 bacterial OTUs were specific to the inside of the cave. These metabarcoding-based findings in the Azé cave revealed a complex community structure that is similar but less diverse in comparison to the outside.
Efficacy of Bedaquiline in the Treatment of Drug-resistant Tuberculosis: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Wang Ming-Gui , Wu Shou-Quan , He Jian-qing
Published: May 2021

Background: Drug-resistant TB (DR-TB) remains a major public health concern around the world. Bedaquiline, a novel diarylquinoline, was added into WHO recommended all-oral regimen for patients with multidrug-resistant tuberculosis. We undertook a systematic review and meta-analysis to determine the effect of bedaquiline on tuberculosis treatment outcomes.Methods: We searched for relevant studies in the PubMed, Web of Science and EMBASE database for relevant studies published up to 12 Mar 2021. Stata version 16.0 (Stata Corp., College Station, Texas, USA) was used to analyze results of meta-analysis. For randomized controlled trials, were assessed for quality using the Jadad scale, and cohort studies, using the Newcastle–Ottawa scale.Results: Eight studies including 2 randomized clinical trial and 6 cohort studies involving 21, 836 subjects were included. When compared with control, bedaquiline treatment was associated with higher rates of culture conversion (Risk Ratio (RR) :1.272 (1.165-1.389), P < 0.001). We found substantial evidence that there was significant reduction in all-cause deaths with relative RR = 1.272 (95%CI: 1.165-1.389, P < 0.001) in bedaquiline treatment group. There was no significant reduction in treatment success with RR = 0.980 (90% CI: 0.948-1.013, P = 0.234). Conclusions: This study demonstrated that the use of bedaquiline has the potential to achieve higher culture conversion rate and lower death risk among drug-resistant tuberculosis cases when compared with controls.
Radiating Isotropic Homogeneous f(R,G) Gravity Model with Quark and Strange Quark Matter
Authors: SHEKH Md. Salim , Ghaderi K
Published: May 2021

Present analysis devoted to the dynamical investigation of radiating quark and strange quark matter in the framework of f(R, G) theory of gravity towards spatially homogeneous isotropic Friedman-Robertson-Walker line element filled with isotropic fluid. We govern the features of the derived cosmological model by considering the well known relation between Hubble parameter H and scale factor. Some kinematical and physical parameters for quark and strange quark matter towards isotropic model is discussed in detail.
AFLP-based assessment of genetic variation in Indian elite cultivars of Cymbopogon species
Authors: Adhikari Sinchan , Biswas Arijit , Saha Soumen , Bandyopadhyay Tapas Kumar , Ghosh Parthadeb
Published: May 2021

Cymbopogon, one of the major aromatic genera of Poaceae family, is mainly cultivated for its essential oils that hold promising medicinal and commercial value. In India, several improved cultivars of Cymbopogon species are developed for commercial cultivation and conceded by means of agronomic and chemotypic traits. Information on genetic variability in these commercial cultivars is still limited which poses a problem in further improvement of oil grasses. The present study aimed to investigate the genetic variation among certain improved Indian cultivars of three commercially important Cymbopogon sp. i.e., C. flexuosus, C. winterianus and C. martinii using amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) markers. A total of 94 robust loci were amplified using 8 AFLP primer combinations. Among the total amplified fragments, 72 were polymorphic which showed 76.59% polymorphism across all the germplasm. Polymorphic information content (PIC) and marker index (MI) values showed significant positive correlation (r2 =0.94, p< 0.005) in determining the discriminatory power of the AFLP primer combinations. A higher effective multiplex ratio (EMR) and MI values were recorded for the primer combinations that generated higher polymorphism across the genotypes. To obtain the genetic information at the intra-and inter species level, genetic diversity indices were calculated. Genetic heterogeneity was noticed in the order C. martinii>C. flexuosus>C. winterianus. UPGMA-phenogram and principal coordinate analysis (PCA) separated all the cultivars as per the chemotaxonomic series with a few exceptions. Molecular diversity explained and diagnostic fragments developed through AFLP markers in this study could provide a detailed cataloguing of Cymbopogon cultivars for genetic conservation purpose and also useful for exploration and improvement of diverse set of germplasm.
Color based genotypic differences effect the techno-functional and bioactive properties of common bean (Phaseoulus vulgaris L.) protein concentrates
Authors: Karaman Kevser , Kaplan Mahmut , Çiftci Beyza , Yürürdurmaz Cengiz
Published: May 2021

In this study, technofunctional and bioactive properties of protein concentrates from different common bean genotypes were investigated. Protein extraction conditions depending on pH and salt level were optimized by response surface methodology. The highest protein content for the concentrates (77.7%) was determined for pH 11 and 0.4% of salt. The protein content of the common bean flour and their protein concentrates were in the range of 22-26.96% and 72.97–77.99%, respectively. For bioactive properties, total phenolic content ranged between 578.9-1355.9 and 313.6-1219.1 mg GAE/kg, for flours and concentrates respectively. Two genotypes (G7 and G8) were the samples showing the superior biofunctional properties. Principal component analysis showed that G2 had different characteristics in terms of technofunctional parameters while G7 and G8 were differed from the other genotypes in terms of bioactivity. The results revealed that the proteins of common beans could be evaluated as good source for the enrichment of food formulations.
Establishment of in-hospital clinical network for patients with neurofibromatosis type 1 in Nagoya University Hospital
Authors: Nishida Yoshihiro , Ikuta Kunihiro , Natsume Atsushi , Ishihara Naoko , Morikawa Maki , Kidokoro Hiroyuki , Muramatsu Yukako , Nonobe Norie , Ishizuka Kanako , Takeichi Takuya , Kanbe Miki , Mizuno Seiji , Imagama Shiro , Ozaki Norio
Published: May 2021

Background: Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) is a genetic multisystem disorder. Clinicians must be aware of the diverse clinical features of this disorder in order to provide optimal care for it. We have set up an NF1 in-hospital medical care network of specialists regardless of patient age, launching a multidisciplinary approach to the disease for the first time in Japan.Results: From January 2014 to December 2020, 246 patients were enrolled in the NF1 patient list and medical records. Mean age was 26.0 years ranging from 3 months to 80 years. The age distribution at the first visit was wider as the age was lower. There were 107 males (41%) and 139 females. After 2011, the number of patients has increased since the year when the medical care network was started. Regarding orthopedic signs, scoliosis was present in 60 cases (26%), and bone abnormalities in the upper arm, forearm, and tibia in 8 cases (3.5%). Neurofibromas other than cutaneous neurofibromas were present in 90 cases (39%), and MPNST in 17 cases (7.4%).Conclusions: We launched a multidisciplinary NF1 clinic system for the first time in Japan. For patients with NF1, which is a hereditary and systemic disease associated with a high incidence of malignant tumors, it will be of great benefit when the number of such clinics in Japan and the rest of Asia is increased.
Motherhood and Empathy: Increased Activation in Empathy Areas in Response to Other's in Pain
Authors: Plank Irene Sophia , Attar Catherine Hindi , Kunas Stefanie , Dziobek Isabel , Bermpohl Felix
Published: May 2021

Empathy as the capacity to feel with others is a vital human response. It is especially important in the context of parenting. To date, little is known about differences in empathy responses of parents and non-parents to children and adults. Therefore, in this study functional magnetic resonance imaging was used to shed further light on the interaction of motherhood and behavioural as well as neural responses to stimuli depicting adults and children in pain. Despite similar ratings on the imagined painfulness of the stimuli, mothers showed higher activation in the bilateral anterior insula, key regions of empathy for pain. Additionally, mothers increasingly activated other areas associated with social affect and cognition, including the inferior frontal gyrus, superior temporal gyrus and the medial superior frontal gyrus. Differences between adult and child stimuli were only found in occipital areas. This suggests that mothers have a stronger empathy response than non-mothers regardless of whether the target of their empathy is a child or an adult. This generalised difference in empathy indicates that motherhood might influence overall affective social understanding rather than specifically shape child-related empathy responses.
Repeated measurements are not better than initial measurement of Score for Neonatal Acute Physiology-II for prediction of in-hospital mortality in severely septic preterm neonates
Authors: Anne Rajendra Prasad , Sundaram Venkataseshan , Kumar Praveen
Published: May 2021

The ability of serial versus single time application of ‘Score for Neonatal Acute Physiology, version II’ (SNAP-II) to predict mortality at day 14 in preterm neonates < 34 weeks with severe sepsis was studied prospectively over 1-year in a tertiary care neonatal unit. SNAP-II scores were recorded at the onset of severe sepsis (T0) and serially at 24 (T1), 48 (T2) and 72 (T3) hours later. Delta scores (Δ SNAP-II) were derived from the difference between any two SNAP-II scores. Seventy-one preterm neonates were enrolled. Baseline characteristics were similar in survivors (n = 53) and non-survivors (n = 18). Median SNAP-II scores at all the four time points were significantly higher in non-survivors (p < 0.001). The Δ SNAP-II (T0 – T2) score was significantly different between non-survivors and survivors (mean difference: -14.7; 95% CI: -29, -0.9; p = 0.02), while the difference was not significant between T0 – T1 and T0 – T3. Initial SNAP-II score had a significantly better discriminating ability for day 14 mortality (AUC (95% C.I): 0.83 (0.70–0.93)) than Δ SNAP-II scores at various time points (AUC (95% C.I): 0.59 (0.41–0.75) for T0 – T1, 0.70 (0.50–0.87) for T0 – T2 and 0.64 (0.38–0.89) for T0 – T3). Conclusion: Initial SNAP-II is better than Δ SNAP-II scores in predicting 14-day mortality in severely septic preterm neonates. Non-survivors had a significantly higher serial SNAP-II scores compared to survivors. Serial SNAP-II score do not have additional value in predicting mortality of preterm neonates with severe sepsis.
Pre-Transition Consultations for Adolescents With Chronic Conditions in a General Pediatric Hospital: Lessons Learned
Authors: Mellerio Hélène , Dumas Agnès , Alberti Corinne , Guilmin-Crépon Sophie , Gastaldi Margaux , Passini Loïc , Gabarro Céline , Morsa Maxime , Roux Enora le , Jacquin Paul
Published: May 2021

The objective of the study was to assess the clinically relevant features of the pre-transition consultation (PTC) offered in AD’venir transition unit (R.Debré hospital, Paris) to all adolescents with a chronic condition.PTCs include a face-to-face interview with pediatricians trained in adolescent medicine, exploring the past (disease history), present (daily life, Treatment Burden Questionnaire, family/peer relationships, school, hobbies, sexuality, drugs) and future (global life project, transition, Good2Go questionnaire). Twenty-seven PTC recordings were qualitatively analyzed (girls=56%/median age=17.7yrs) within a multidisciplinary group (clinicians/sociologists/psychologist/public health researchers). Respectively 6-months and 2-years after PTC, benefits of PTC were assessed in referent healthcare providers (questionnaire) and in adolescents (phone interview). PTCs were a form of training for adult care, adolescents meeting a practitioner alone often for the first time. Naming their chronic condition was frequently difficult. All complained of limitations experienced in their social life (notably diet, tiredness, laboratory/medical appointments), but not treatment itself. Most were willing to talk about sexuality. Feelings concerning transition were various, with poor representations of adult healthcare. Transfer was often unplanned, but this did not influence transition readiness. After PTC, healthcare providers often changed their practices. Two years later, transition was successful for most of adolescents. ConclusionThe PTC is a relevant, easily implemented tool to help empower adolescents and customize their transition preparation within a holistic approach. A dedicated and long consultation, with an external/non-prescriber practitioner, including a physical examination are key factors promoting the establishment of trust, sharing of intimate issues and the assessment of potential barriers to transition.
High- Temperature Electrical Properties of Cerium Doped Ni-Zn Nano Ferrites
Authors: Nama Hari Kumar , Venkatesh N. , Ravinder Dachepalli , Batoo Khalid Mujasam , Raslan Emad H. , Hadi Muhammad
Published: May 2021

Rare Earth Ce3+ Substituted Nickel-Zinc Nano Ferrite were synthesized Calculated Chemical Formulation Ni0.2Zn0.8CexFe2-xO4 (0.000 ≤ x ≤ 0.040) by Citrate-Gel Auto Combustion method at lower temperature. The Single-Phase Cubic Spinel Structure was confirmed by the Characteristic of X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD). The SEM Micrographs confess from typical grain size and surface pattering of the samples is nanometric range confirming the nano crystalline nature. Energy Dispersive Spectrometer (EDS) were used to conduct elemental analysis and elemental parentage. Thermo electric power (TEP) of the prepared samples has been obtained using differential method with high temperature studies carried out in cooling cycle. The electric conductivity at high temperatures using two probe methods. The activation energy in the paramagnetic region (EP) is found greater than the ferrimagnetic region (EF). The carrier concentration(n), charge Carrier Mobility (μ) was carried out by TEP and electric conductivity Studies.
Metabolomic Signatures For Liver Tissue and Cecum Contents in High-Fat Diet-Induced Obese Mice Based on UHPLC-Q-TOF/MS
Authors: Cai Hongying , Wen Zhiguo , Meng Kun , Yang Peilong
Published: May 2021

Background: The incidence of obesity is increasing worldwide, and it is a risk factor for diabetes, dyslipidemia，and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Our previous study had demonstrated that high-fat diet induced increased weight gain, fat weight, serum cholesterol, triglyceride, and ATL levels in liver, and influenced the diversity and composition of cecal microbiota in mice. Hence, this study aimed to investigate the roles of the gut microbially derived metabolites and liver metabolites between the obese and lean mice, focusing on their association with the progression of obesity induced by high-fat diet (HFD).Methods: An obesity model in mice was established with HFD for 16 weeks. Cecal contents and liver tissues metabolomics based on ultraperformance liquid chromatography-quadrupole-time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC-Q-TOF/MS) and orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analyses (OPLS-DA) was performed to identify the alterations in metabolites associated with obese mice. Results: Obese and lean groups were clearly discriminated from each other on OPLS-DA score plot and major metabolites contributing to the discrimination were mainly involved in glycerophospholipid metabolism, primary bile acid biosynthesis, and biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acids pathways. HFD-induced alterations of 19 metabolites in liver and 43 metabolites in cecum contents were identified as potential biomarkers related to obesity. Specifically, chenodeoxycholic acid, taurochenodeoxycholate, and tauroursodeoxycholic acid in liver were elevated 35.94, 24.36, and 18.71-fold, respectively. PI(P-16:0/18:1(9Z)), PG(19:0/16:0), PS(P-16:0/20:2(11Z,14Z)), PI(22:1(11Z)/12:0), and PE(21:0/0:0) in cecum were enhanced 884, 640.96, 226.63, 210.10, 45.13-fold in comparison with the lean mice. These metabolites were the most important biomarkers for discriminating between the obese and lean mice. In addition, cecum contents metabolites were strongly correlated with hepatic metabolites through gut-liver axis analysis. Conclusions: HFD increased lipid profiles (i.e. glycerophospholipids, PC, PE, PI, PG, and PS) and total bile acid (primary and secondary bile acid) in liver and cecum, suggesting that they may play an important role in the progression of obesity. These metabolites can be used to better understand obesity and related disease induced by HFD. Furthermore, the level alterations of these metabolites can be used to assess the risk of obesity and the therapeutic effect of obesity management.
Selected ‘Starter Kit’ energy system modelling data for Guinea (#CCG)
Authors: Allington Lucy , Cannone Carla , Pappis Ioannis , Barron Karla Cervantes , Usher Will , Pye Steve , Brown Edward , Howells Mark , Walker Miriam Zachau , Ahsan Aniq , Charbonnier Flora , Halloran Claire , Hirmer Stephanie , Taliotis Constantinos , Sundin Caroline , Sridha Vignesh , Ramos Eunice , Brinkerink Maarten , Deane Paul , Gritsevskyi Andrii , Moura Gustavo , Rouget Arnaud , Wogan David , Barcelona Edito , Rogner Holger
Published: May 2021

Energy system modelling can be used to assess the implications of different scenarios and support improved policymaking. However, access to data is often a barrier to starting energy system modelling in developing countries, thereby causing delays. Therefore, this article provides data that can be used to create a simple zero order energy system model for Guinea, which can act as a starting point for further model development and scenario analysis. The data are collected entirely from publicly available and accessible sources, including the websites and databases of international organizations, journal articles, and existing modelling studies. This means that the dataset can be easily updated based on the latest available information or more detailed and accurate local data. These data were also used to calibrate a simple energy system model using the Open Source Energy Modelling System (OSeMOSYS) and three stylized scenarios (Fossil Future, Least Cost and Net Zero by 2050) for 2020–2050. The assumptions used and results of these scenarios are presented in the appendix as an illustrative example of what can be done with these data. This simple model can be adapted and further developed by in-country analysts and academics, providing a platform for future work.
Risk of Dementia in Patients with Toxoplasmosis- A Nationwide, Population-based Based Cohort Study in Taiwan
Authors: Yang Hung-Yi , Chien Wu-Chien , Chung Chi-Hsiang , Su Ruei-Yu , Lai Chung-Yu , Yang Chuan-Chi , Tzeng Nian-Sheng
Published: May 2021

Background

Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii) has infected about 25–30% of individuals worldwide, and it was difficult to detect its latent status. We aimed to evaluate the association between toxoplasmosis, the risk of dementia, and the effects of antibiotics in Taiwan.
Material and methods

This nationwide, population-based, retrospective cohort study was conducted by using the two million Longitudinal Health Insurance Database retrieved from Taiwan’s National Health Insurance Research Database. The Fine and Gray’s competing risk analysis was used for the development of dementia in the toxoplasmosis cohort relative to the non-toxoplasmosis cohort. A sensitivity analysis was also conducted. The effects of the antibiotics (sulfadiazine or clindamycin) on the risk of dementia were also analyzed.
Results

We enrolled a total of 800 subjects, and identified 200 patients with toxoplasmosis and 600 sex- and age-matched controls without toxoplasmosis infections in a ratio of 1:3, selected between 2000 and 2015. The crude hazard ratio (HR) of the risk in the development of dementia was 2.570 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.511-4.347, p < 0.001). After adjusting for sex, age, monthly insurance premiums, urbanization level, geographic region, and comorbidities, the adjusted HR was 2.878 (95% CI = 1.709།4.968, p < 0.001). The sensitivity analysis revealed that toxoplasmosis was associated with the risk of Alzheimer and other degenerative dementia even after excluding the diagnosis of these two types of dementia in the first and first five years. The usage of the sulfadiazine or clindamycin in the treatment of toxoplasmosis was associated with a decreased risk of dementia.
Conclusion

This finding supports the evidence that toxoplasmosis is associated with dementia and the antibiotics treatment against toxoplasmosis is associated with a reduced risk of dementia. Further studies are necessary to explore the underlying mechanisms of these associations.
Immobilization of Spathaspora Passalidarum NRRL Y-27907 in Calcium Alginate Aiming the Production of Second-generation Ethanol
Authors: Silveira Juliane Machado da , Soares Lauren Bergmann , Cesca Karina , Silva Anderson Felipe Viana da , Longo Liana , Zanella Eduardo , Stambuk Boris U. , Biazi Luiz Eduardo , Ienczak Jaciane Lutz
Published: May 2021

The immobilization of S. passalidarum in calcium alginate beads for second-generation ethanol production (E2G) was evaluated in a medium that simulated a hemicellulosic hydrolysate of sugarcane bagasse pretreated with diluted sulfuric acid in terms of sugars composition. Three sets of sequential batch fermentations (SBF) were carried out with free cells, or immobilized cells in high (HSC) and moderate (MSC) initial sugar concentration (120 and 70 g/L, respectively). SBF were characterized by five consecutive batches performed in shaker, at 30 °C and 110 rpm. Better results were observed for the SBF with immobilized cells in MSC medium when compared to HSC (Y’P/S of 0.27 ± 0.02 and 0.19 ± 0.03 g/g, respectively), in the second batch cycle. The value for YP/S in MSC was similar to the obtained with free cells (0.30 ± 0.02 to 0.33 ± 0.02 g/g). However, QP was lower for MSC, reaching 0.81 ± 0.04 g/L.h in in the second batch, while for free cells the QP varied from 1.06 ± 0.02 to 1.16 ± 0.22 g/L.h. A technique for determining the concentration of immobilized cells in the alginate beads was applied, which made it possible to determine the specific rates for the SBF performed. According to the results obtained, it was possible to demonstrate that S. passalidarum can be immobilized in calcium alginate and reuse through SBF, with performance similar to free cells, which can be a good strategy for fermentation of hemicellulosic hydrolysates.
Surveying Family Access, Kangaroo Mother Care and Breastfeeding Policy Across NICUs in Italy
Authors: Artese Claudia , Ferrari Fabrizio , Perugi Silvia , Cavicchioli Paola , Paterlini Giuseppe , Mosca Fabio , Italy Developmental care Study Group SIN
Published: May 2021

BackgroundCurrently, there is a lack of data describing neonatal care in Italy, and the board of the Italian Society of Neonatology (SIN) is determined to promote a more active policy that favours family-centred developmental care. We aim to assess parental access to the NICUs, facilities offered to the family members, and to test “the state of art” regarding kangaroo maternal care (KMC) and breastfeeding policies in level III Italian NICUs. Methods A questionnaire both in paper and in electronic format was sent to all the 106 Italian level 3 NICUs; 86 NICUs (corresponding to the 80% units) filled out and sent the questionnaire back . The collected data were analysed; in addition a comparison between the 2017 survey and two previous survey related to the 2001-2006 data were performed in relation to the few items that had been answered by the two previous surveys.ResultsIn total, 62% of NICUs reported a free 24-hour access for both parents (vs 35% in 2001 and 32% in 2006). Parents were requested to leave temporarily the unit during shift changes, emergencies and medical round in 64% of the units. Some parental amenities, such as an armchair next to the cot (94%), a room for pumping milk and a waiting room were common, but others, such as a bed (16%) and accommodation (35%) were not. KMC was practiced in 94% of units but in most cases (62%) was limited to specific times. In 13% of NICUs, KMC was not offered to the father. The average duration of a KMC session, due to an estimation from the unit staff, was described to be longer in 24-h open NICUs than in limited access NICUs. Breast feading was successful in a small proportion of preterms staying in the NICU.Conclusion The number of 24-H open NICUs doubled over the last two decades. Some basic family facilities such as rooms with bed and shower for the parents remain uncommon. KMC and breastfeeding have become routine; however, the frequency and duration of KMC sessions reported by the NICUs professionals still do not meet the WHO recommendations.Trial RegistrationNot applicable
Low Density Neutrophils Are Increased in Patients With Behçet’s Disease but Do 3 Not Explain Differences in Neutrophil Function
Authors: Wallace Graham , Murad Mariam , Low Liying , Davidson Matthew , Murray Philip Ian , Rauz Saaeha
Published: May 2021

Objective Behçet’s disease (BD) is a multisystem autoinflammatory disease characterised by mucosal ulceration, ocular, neural, joint and skin inflammation. The cause of BD is not known but there is a strong genetic association with HLA-B*51, IL10 and IL23R. Neutrophils are a first line of defence against invading pathogens and have been described as activated in patients with BD. Neutrophils can now be separated into different subsets, such as low density (LDN) and normal density (NDN) that have diverse functional roles. We wished to address neutrophil heterogeneity in patients with BD. MethodsPeripheral blood neutrophils were obtained from 32 BD patients and 37 healthy aged-matched controls. Percoll isolation was used to isolate all neutrophils, while Ficol-Hypaque was used to obtain LDN and NDN. Phagocytic capacity and production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and neutrophil extracellular traps (NET) stimulated with phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) and Escherichia coli (E.coli) were assessed in both groups. Results We have demonstrated reduced phagocytic capacity and ROS production but greater NET production by total neutrophils stimulated with PMA or E.coli from BD patients in comparison with healthy controls. Patients with BD had elevated numbers of LDN and lower number of NDN compared with healthy controls. However, both neutrophil subsets showed the same reduced ROS production and phagocytic function as total neutrophils in both 41 groups. Conclusion Our novel findings indicate that the neutrophil population in BD is heterogeneous and the increased number of LDN in combination with greater NET production may contribute to the inflammatory response and pathogenesis.
Modern Concept of Minimally Invasive Treatment of Military Personnel With Mandibular Fracture
Authors: Idashkina Natalia , Matros-Taranets Igor , Gudarian Оlexandr , Shepelia Аlla , Kinchur Hanna
Published: May 2021

Background: The treatment and rehabilitation of military servicemen with mandibular fractures at the hospital stage is an important medical, social and economic problem. Methods: A clinical study was conducted in 63 military servicemen with mandibular fractures, which injured during warfare in eastern Ukraine in the 2014-2019. The analysis of the potential use for the fragments intermaxillary fixation standard band splint vs the titanium pins and elastic traction for the treatment of mandibular fractures in military personnel has been carried out. Results: On the results of seven-year findings of administration in military servicemen injured during the hybrid war on the East of Ukraine, the advantages of using maxillomandibular fixation with screws for the treatment of mandibular fractures were illustrated.Conclusion: The operative treatment of mandibular fractures in military personnel preference should be given to method of maxillomandibular fixation with intermaxillary fixation screws, which provides with the high quality reposition and fixation. Trial registration: The work is a fragment of the research project of the Oral Surgery, Implantology and Periodontology Department of Dnipro State Medical University: «Development of methods for the prevention of complications in the treatment of inflammatory state and traumatic injuries in the maxillofacial area», state registration № 0113U005253 and applied research carried out in 2020-23 at the expense of the government funding "The prognosis, prevention and treatment of delayed union of bone tissue in patients with fractures of the jaws" № 0121U109420.
Reliability Evaluation of Functional Movement Screen for Prevention of Military Training Injury: A Prospective Study in China
Authors: Zeng Jing , Zhang Rong-Bing , Ke Jing-Jiu , Wu Xiang , Chen Li-Hua , Wang Yan-Yan , Xiao Jun
Published: May 2021

Background: Military training injury is a difficult problem in the field of military training. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness and feasibility of functional movement screen (FMS) evaluation system and individualized intervention measures in preventing military training injuries.Methods: A total of 420 recruits from a unit of the People's Liberation Army of China (PLA) were included as the research object. According to random grouping method, they were divided into observation group (Group A) and control group (Group B) , with 210 patients in each group. Before recruit training, individual FMS were performed, and functional correction training was performed in the observation group according to the test scores, while no intervention measures were applied in the control group. After three months of training, the tests were repeated. Age, body mass index (BMI) and incidence of military training injuries were recorded during the training period.Results: There was no statistical difference between the two groups in age, BMI, FMS score before the training (P > 0.05). After receiving functional correction training, the FMS score of the Group A was higher than that of the Group B, and the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). The incidence of military training injury in Group A and Group B was 20.95% and 44.02%, respectively (P < 0.05), and the difference was statistically significant.Conclusion: The evaluation system of FMS and individualized intervention measures are feasible and effective in predicting and reducing the occurrence of military training injuries.
The Protective of hUC- MSCs Derived Exosomes on Pulmonary Vascular Remodeling in Experimental Pulmonary Hypertension
Authors: Jiang Wan , Liu Xiaoli , Li Susu , Wang Junfu , Li Kailin , Xin Qian , Wang Jue , Sun Chao , luan yun
Published: May 2021

Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a life-threatening disease, so far no effective method for it. Therefore, the main aim of the present study was to investigate the protective effect of exosomes derived from human umbilical cord msenchymal stem cells (hUC-MSCs) on PH vascular remodeling and reveal the underlying mechanism. We established monocrotaline-induced PH (MCT-PH) rats and hypoxia induced pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (H-PASMC) model in vivo and vitro . Exosomes derived from hUC-MSCs (hUC-MSC-EXO) were administration, respectively. Post-operation, our results showed that hUC-MSC-EXO significantly reduced the right ventricular systolic pressure (RVSP) and the right ventricular hypertrophy index (RVHI), inhibited pulmonary vascular remodeling. Furthermore, the hypoxia-induced PASMC proliferation was obviously inhibited in vitro . More-importantly, the results showed that the protein expression levels of BMPR2, BMP-4 and BMP-9 were significantly increased, but the levels of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) p65 and bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) antagonists Gremlin-1 were significantly decreased in hUC-MSC-EXO than that in MCT-PH and hypoxia-induced PASMC groups in vivo and vitro , respectively. Taken together, this present study provided the firm information for the use of this new method in treatment of PH, and the mechanism was associated with regulation of BMP signaling pathway.
Culture, Innovation and Economic Development
Authors: Kostis Pantelis C.
Published: May 2021

During recent decades, culture is gaining more and more attention as a factor that determines economic outcomes. Trying to investigate its role on innovation and economic development, this paper uses a dataset that offers the potential for a cross sectional and time series analysis. Thus, in this paper the effects of culture on innovation (as measured by patent applications, spending on R&D, number or researchers per 1,000 individuals and number of Government researchers) and economic development are investigated. Cultural background is captured through the Schwartz’s cultural values, as reported through the European Social Survey (ESS) waves during the period 2002- 2018. The dataset is comprised by 18 Eurozone countries. Using Principal Component Analyses to capture the Schwartz’s cultural values, as well as two ways fixed effects analysis (FE), time dummies for each ESS wave included in the analysis and cluster - robust estimates of the standard errors, in order to examine the above relationships, the main conclusions derived from the analysis are that: a) there is significant effect of culture on innovation and economic development, and b) the main cultural dimensions that hinder innovation and economic development are the prevalence of hierarchy, affective autonomy, and mastery. These results hold for all different dependent variables used in the analysis. Thus, when hierarchy, affective autonomy, and mastery are present innovation and economic development are hindered, leading to obstacles regarding the sustainability of economic outcomes. The opposite holds in societies where embeddedness, egalitarianism and harmony prevail.
DEGs and Biological Process Profiling to screen the novel biomarkers associated with both Uterine Leiomyomas and Uterine leiomyosarcomas
Authors: UPADHYAY Sonal , Gupta Deepali , DUBEY Pawan K. , BHUSHAN Ravi
Published: May 2021

Background

Uterine Leiomyomas (ULM) or Uterine fibroid are benign lesion of unspecified aetiology and still there is dearth of prognostic biomarkers for diagnosis. The aim of this present study is to explore the novel biomarkers to be associated with Uterine Leiomyomas (ULM) and Uterine leiomyosarcomas (ULMS) that were responsible for their pathogenicity.
Methods

The microarray dataset (GSEID:GSE64763) was retrieved from the Gene Expression Omnibus database. Data preprocessing and differential gene expression analysis was performed. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) plot and heat map for ULM and ULMS were constructed for respective differentially expressed genes. The DEGs were further intersected to find the common DEGs in ULM and ULMS. Based upon STRING v 10.5, protein- protein interaction network was constructed. Further, Gene Ontology (GO) and KEGG pathway enrichment analysis were also performed to dissect out possible function and pathways.
Results

A total of 50 significant DEGs for ULM while 321 DEGs for ULMS have been identified with their official gene symbol. Between ULM and ULMS, total 14 common DEGs were identified of which 8 were up-regulated while 6 were down-regulated. Comparison of DEGs list with annotated gene list obtained from OMIM and Gene Cards, lead to identification of only 3 known disease genes (RAD51B, ESR1 and PDGFRA) while SHOX2, TNN and COL11A1 genes were found to be novel biomarkers in ULM and ULMS both. Gene ontology and KEGG pathway enrichment analysis of common novel and known candidate genes led to the identification of several important processes and pathways like ECM receptor interactions and Focal adhesion.
Conclusions

SHOX2, TNN and COL11A1 are the novel biomarkers related to both ULM and ULMS disease and have been found to be associated with ECM receptor interactions and Focal adhesion like pathways and hence can serve as novel diagnostic as well as therapeutic targets.
Combination Chemoradiotherapy with Temozolomide, Vincristine, and Interferon-β Might Improve Outcomes Regardless of O6-Methyl-Guanine-DNA-Methyltransferase (MGMT) Promoter Methylation Status in Newly Glioblastoma
Authors: Asano Kenichiro , Fumoto Toshio , Hasegawa Seiko , Suzuki Naoya , Akasaka Kenichi , Katayama Kosuke , Kamataki Akihisa , Kurose Akira , Ohkuma Hiroki
Published: May 2021

Background: This investigator-initiated, open-label, single-arm, single-institute study was conducted to investigate the effectiveness of induction combination chemoradiotherapy for newly glioblastoma and also the effectiveness of long-term maintenance therapy with temozolomide (TMZ) plus interferon (IFN)-b. Methods: The initial induction combination chemoradiotherapy comprised radiotherapy plus TMZ plus vincristine plus IFN-b. Maintenance chemotherapy comprised monthly TMZ, continued for 24–50 cycles, plus weekly IFN-b continued for as long as possible. The primary endpoint was 2-year overall survival (2y-OS). A 2y-OS exceeding 38%, with upper limit of the 95% confidence interval (CI) exceeding 31.7%, and lower limit of the 95%CI exceeding 21.2% as compared to historical controls, was considered as the criterion for treatment effectiveness. Secondary endpoints were median progression-free survival (mPFS), median OS (mOS), 5-year OS rate (5y-OS), and mPFS and mOS classified according to MGMT promoter methylation status. Results: Forty-seven patients were analyzed. The 2y-OS was 40.7% (95%CI, 27.5–55.4%), suggesting that this protocol was effective. The mPFS and mOS were 11.0 months and 18.0 months, respectively, and 5y-OS was 20.3% (95%CI, 11.0–34.6%). The mPFS in groups with and without MGMT promoter methylation in the tumor was 10.0 months and 11.0 months (p=0.59), respectively, and mOS was 24.0 months and 18.0 months (p=0.88), respectively. The frequency of grade 3/4 neutropenia was 19.1%.Conclusions: These results suggest the efficacy of induction multicombination chemoradiotherapy, as well as of long-term maintenance therapy comprising TMZ plus IFN-b. This protocol would have the possibility to deny the MGMT promoter methylation status as prognostic factors.Trial registration: The University Hospital Medical Information Network (Number UMIN000040599)