bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
THE CONCEPT OF MULTIPLE IDENTITY IN TRANSHUMANIST LITERATURE (THE CASE STUDY OF D. BRIN’S VISION)
Authors: Khvastunova Yulia V.
Published: May 2023

This paper deals with one of the urgent problems in the framework of the implementation of the latest radical technologies of “human enhancement” the so-called theory of multiple identity (multiple “I”, the theory of doubles, and the duplication of consciousness). This topic of a possible backup of our consciousness is analyzed in relation to the procedure for digitally uploading consciousness, creating digital avatars, cyborgs, and clones and cases of success in the field of gene editing as well as the application of this technology to humans. In fiction, particularly in science fiction, this problem is included in the list of top mysterious subjects. As an example, the paper considers a position of a famous science fiction writer and supporter of transhumanism David Brin, presented in the work “Kiln People”. The article highlights main ideas, possible risks, and negative consequences that the writer is trying to foresee and reveal scenarios for the development of launching a mass duplication of consciousness or creating a technology for implementing a multiple identity of “I”.
Fuentes francófonas en las secciones de Noticias estrangeras de la prensa española (ca. 1830-1845): una antología de textos traducidos, con sus originales
Authors: Carmona Yanes Elena
Published: May 2023

En la evolución histórica del discurso de la prensa española, los textos extranjeros (tanto periodísticos como de otra naturaleza), con especial protagonismo de los escritos en francés, desempeñaron un papel fundamental en la redacción de los artículos que transmitían la información internacional o que ofrecían una perspectiva externa sobre la actualidad del momento. Con esta antología de artículos en lengua francesa, acompañados de las correspondientes versiones traducidas que se publicaron en la prensa española, se facilita el acceso a una centena de agrupaciones de textos pareados a través de los que podrá avanzarse en el estudio diacrónico del discurso informativo hispánico y del influjo ejercido por las fuentes francófonas en su formación. El estudio introductorio justifica el interés de la puesta a disposición para el público de esta compilación textual debido a la escasez de trabajos sobre historia de la traducción (francés-español) de los textos periodísticos, a pesar de la importancia que tuvo esta práctica para la formación del discurso mediático a escala europea y, en particular, en España.
Problema Etiológico de los Delirios Psicóticos en la Neuropsiquiatría Actual
Authors: López-Silva Pablo
Published: May 2023

Resumen: Introducción: El delirio constituye uno de los síntomas más complejos y severos de la psicosis. Uno de los problemas más fundamentales que actualmente enfrenta la investigación en el campo de la neuropsiquiatría actual tiene que ver con el desafío de producir teorías explicativas para la producción de este tipo de estado mental, a lo que denomino ‘al problema etiológico de los delirios psicóticos’. Desarrollo: Se analiza críticamente las principales alternativas dentro de la neuropsiquiatría contemporánea al problema etiológico. Conclusión: El análisis indica que las tres teorías fundamentales que conviven en la actualidad poseen problemas para progresar en el desafío de explicar la etiología de los delirios. Por lo anterior, se propone la idea de que, a la luz del estado actual del debate, la hibridación teórica podría perfilarse como el mejor candidato metodológico para generar progreso real en la disciplina.
Acciones necesarias para la eliminación de la malaria en Colombia
Authors: Tobón Castaño Alberto
Published: May 2023

La malaria o paludismo sigue representando una carga de enfermedad para las comunidades de los diferentes territorios de Colombia, de los cuales Chocó, Nariño, Córdoba y Antioquia son los departamentos donde más casos se notifican (el 73% de 77172 casos de malaria no complicada en 2019); además, en el país se informaron 1342 casos graves (1). El Ministerio de Salud de Colombia se adhirió a la Iniciativa Regional para la Eliminación de la Malaria (irem), creada en 2014. En diciembre de 2019, esta iniciativa priorizó acciones en 12 municipios de Chocó, Nariño y Valle del Cauca. Sin embargo, la situación social en los territorios indica que no están dadas las condiciones que permitan este logro en el país.
Assessment of Future Climate and Kharif Paddy Yields using Ceres-Rice in the State of Andhra Pradesh
Authors: Kumar Katha Reddy Baswanth , Reddy M. Anji , Gohain G.B , Shafeer K. B. , Sarathkumar S. , Sundaranayagi S.
Published: May 2023

Climate change considerably impacts water needs for agricultural production, particularly in paddy crops (Oryza Sativa). The paddy crop response is uncertain and also heterogeneous due to climate change. Climate variables rainfall and temperature directly impact crop productivity. A precise understanding of crop yields is required for agricultural production management to plan sustainable food demand in the future at the state level. The climate change scenario's impact on rice yield at 0.25° × 0.25° spatial resolution was assessed in Andhra Pradesh and presented in this paper. The use of representative concentration Pathway 8.5 scenario in projections made by the Global Climate Model (GCM) were downscaled for mid-century (2048-2078) using statistical tools. In this study, the Cropping System Model (CSM) and Crop Estimation through Resource and Environment Synthesis (CERES) modules for rice, as part of the Decision Support System for Agro-technology Transfer (DSSAT) package, were utilized. The use of the Regional Crop Yield Estimation System (RCYES) for the Cropping System Model (CSM) within the Decision Support System for Agro-technology Transfer (DSSAT) was facilitated through Python in this study. It is observed that rainfall will decrease during winter and pre-monsoon seasons related to the baseline period (1988–2018) for RCP 8.5. From July to October, there was a significant increase in rainfall. The most considerable change in the rain was 50.7 mm in September. A notable variation between the maximum and minimum temperatures of 2.3 and 2.5 degrees Celsius in June and April respectively. Rainfall is expected to increase in Anantapur, Kurnool and Nellore districts during the mid-century 2040's. The correlation between the baseline and DES mean yield was 0.87, with a maximum yield of 0.86 and a minimum yield of 0.82. Decrease paddy yields by up to 10.7% in West Godavari, Krishna, Guntur, Nellore and Prakasam districts. At the same time, an increase in paddy yields up to 9.8% is anticipated in Srikakulam, Visakhapatnam, Vizianagaram, East Godavari, Anantapur, Chittoor, Kadapa, and Kurnool. In contrast, a maximum decrease of 189.9 mm of rainfall is expected in the Vizianagaram district. These results could assist in devising adaptation measures to reduce the negative effect of climate change on rice crops in Andhra Pradesh.
The Novel Approach of Oil Separator from Sea Water to Prevent Pollution in Ocean
Authors: Patil Lalit Narendra , Patil Atul Ashok , Patil Sarika Atul
Published: May 2023

Ocean pollution is the major concern among all types of pollution. Oil floats on water and moves over aluminium discs considerably more slowly than water does throughout work because oil has a higher viscosity than water. This makes it easier to separate the water and oil. The objective of the present study is to design and develop the oil separator model in order to prevent pollution in ocean. The viscosity difference is the basic inspiration for this research. Oil floats on the surface because water is denser than oil. The qualities of this oil and water provide the foundation for this oil separation operation. The model uses four metal discs connected to a motor shaft to speed up the process of separating oil from water. The 12V DC battery powers the motor. The methods for recovering oil that were previously employed were ineffective and severely damaging to the environment. Burning any oil that had leaked onto the water was one of the most popular techniques. It produces a lot of harmful chemicals, such carbon monoxide (CO) and carbon dioxide (CO2) which is harmful for marine life. The results show that in order to utilise this oil, the oil separator model recovers around 85–90% of the oil, and produces no pollution.
Climate change and agriculture in a coastal region: A case study of betel leaf cultivation in Sagar Island, Kakdwip, South 24 Parganas
Authors: Das Samiran , Bhattacharji Manjari
Published: May 2023

Agriculture is a function of temperature and precipitation. Any change in these parameters, above and below the threshold value, will affect photosynthesis and transpiration in the crops, leading to an overall negative impact on agriculture, threatening global food security. Underdeveloped and developing worlds are most likely to be affected due to this situation because more than 80% of the population in this area is economically dependent on agriculture. With this background in mind, the present study attempts to delve into the impact of climate change on betel leaf cultivation in the study area because it forms the backbone of the local economy. Low lying coastal areas bear testimony of the primary evidences of climate change. The study area, therefore, is an ideal location to study the impact of climate change as it is situated in the path of frequent extreme weather phenomena. Such areas are particularly vulnerable to climate change in the form of sea level rise in response to increased precipitation resulting out of rise in temperature. The sensitivity of betel leaf to minor fluctuations in climatic parameters and its economic importance in the selected study area justifies the theme of enquiry. The present paper analyses meteorological data on temperature and rainfall along with field observation to investigate the issue. Given the sensitivity of betel leaf to such changes, an adverse impact on its production seems inevitable. However, findings of the present study prove otherwise. Firstly because the rise in temperature is less than 1.5 degree centigrade, which according to IPCC is the threshold value for impact on agriculture. Secondly, the adoption of adaptive strategies like use of fertilizer, soil treatment etc. practiced in the area largely offsets the adverse impact of climate change on crop production. However, the impacts are not entirely escapable.
A Study on Indian Painted Frog with Particular Reference to it’s Declination in Pachikapallam, Andhra Pradesh, India
Authors: Giddakindha Manikyam , Gunduluru Swathi
Published: May 2023

Amphibians are the most interesting creatures which link aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems by connecting their life cycle. These amphibian populations are declining at fast rate, which may affect the ecosystems in long run, hence studying them is important. This study is aimed to observe the Indian painted frog, Kaloula taprobanica Parker Synonym of Uperodon taprobanicus (Parker, 1934) which is listed as “Least concern” by IUCN. In this scenario, we had analyzed its threats for its declination in its habitat area. We had studied frequency of these frogs by field survey method for about four years in Pachikapallam area, Chittoor district, Andhra Pradesh, India. We had carefully observed the morphological characters and took measurements of all these encountered frogs we came across. The results are indicates that they are declining at a steady rate, it may be attributed to climate change, habitat loss and encroaching of human settlements .
USOS DOS LIVROS PARADIDÁTICOS NO ENSINO DE CIÊNCIAS NO ENSINO FUNDAMENTAL: DA TEORIA À PRÁTICA
Authors: Barreto João Pedro De Sousa , Melo Raimunda Alves
Published: May 2023

O presente estudo discute a prevalência das práticas pedagógicas fundamentadas na pedagogia tradicional no contexto do ensino contemporâneo, e apresenta os livros paradidáticos, compreendidos como uma forma de leitura complementar e de aprofundamento de temas específicos, como instrumentos pedagógicos em potencial a serem acrescidos ao processo de ensino-aprendizagem das ciências naturais. Ao serem trabalhados de maneira associada a outras metodologias, esses instrumentos corroboram com a construção do conhecimento escolar e diretamente com o estímulo à leitura, acentuando a sua importância na alfabetização científica. Procedeu-se a uma pesquisa de intervenção pedagógica, com a aplicação dos livros paradidáticos junto a estudantes do 7º ano do Ensino Fundamental da Escola Municipal da Liberdade Paulo Freire, situada no município de São João do Arraial – PI. Os resultados apontam a contribuição dos livros paradidáticos no contexto das ciências da natureza, que somados ao processo de ensino, configuram-se como instrumentos facilitadores da aprendizagem, ou dos conceitos e procedimentos oriundos do campo das ciências, e, pelo seu aspecto lúdico, despertam a curiosidade e promovem o divertimento, tornando a aprendizagem fluida.
ORALIDADE EM COLEÇÃO DE LIVRO DIDÁTICO DE PORTUGUÊS PARA TURMAS DOS ANOS INICIAIS DO ENSINO FUNDAMENTAL
Authors: Mendes Estephane Priscilla dos Santos , Pessoa Ana Claudia , Bunzen Júnior Clecio Dos Santos
Published: May 2023

Este artigo busca analisar a proposta de trabalho com o eixo de ensino oralidade em coleção aprovada pelo PNLD 2019 para o Ensino Fundamental anos iniciais. Para atender a esse objetivo, analisamos uma coleção didática destinada aos anos iniciais do Ensino Fundamental. Essa análise nos permitiu identificar a proposta de trabalho com o eixo de ensino oralidade; caracterizando e comparando as atividades voltadas para o ensino do oral, ao longo da coleção. A coleção está estruturada em 3 volumes (do 1º ao 3º ano), que se organizam por unidades, cada uma dessas unidades representam uma sequência didática estruturada em torno de um gênero textual que servirá de base para as atividades apresentadas. Os resultados apontam que nas orientações dadas ao professor no decorrer do manual é marcante o incentivo a mediação, é constantemente solicitado ao docente que estimule e incentive os estudantes a participar das situações de interação oral, estimulando-os a trocar informações e opiniões, ressaltando atitudes e posturas necessárias a conversas coletivas.
Molecular identification of sharks and rays species from Aceh waters, Indonesia
Authors: Ramadhaniaty Mutia , Ulfah Maria , Indra Indra , Fadli Nur , Razi Nanda Muhammad
Published: May 2023

Shark is a cartilaginous fish that is widely hunted because it has high economic value. The waters of Aceh are directly adjacent to the Indian Ocean and the Malacca Strait making it a preferred habitat for pelagic fish, especially sharks. Information on shark species landed in the waters west and east of Aceh is very limited due to difficulties in identification and commonly used local names. This study aimed to determine the types of sharks landed in Banda Aceh, Meulaboh, Langsa, Southwest Aceh and Simeulu and to find out specifically what species of sharks are most often landed in Aceh waters. Primary data gathering consisted of four stages, namely sample collection, identification using identification books, molecular identification cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI) and phylogenetic analysis. The results of the molecular analysis of 46 tissue samples from five locations identified 13 species of sharks, namely Carcharhinhus sorrah, Carcharhinhus amboinensis, Triaenodon obesus, Isurus oxyrinchus, Sphyrna zygaena, Sphyrna lewini, Loxodon macrorhinus, Hemipristis elongaria, Stagostoma fasciatum, Nebrius ferrugineus, Chilloscyllium punctatum, Isurus oxyrinchus, Alopias pelagicus, Alopias supercillosus and 1 species of rays, namely Rhynchobatus australiae. Phylogenetic tree reconstruction using the Neighbor Joining method of 610 basepairs consisting of two large clades separates the species Alopias pelagicus and Isurus oxyrichus with Carcharhinus sorrah, Sphyrna lewini, Loxodon macrorhinus and Rhyncobatus australiae with boostrap values of 87% and 64%. The haplotype diversity shown ranged from 0.667-0.889 while the nucleotide diversity ranged from 0.001-0.097. These values indicates high diversity because of the variance in the number of species found.Keywords:BarcodeCOISharks catchAlopias supercillosusSphyrna lewini
Interference tunable second harmonic generation for two-dimensional materials in layered structures
Authors: Song Ying , Wang Weiming , Wang Yanchao , Shan Yuwei , Cheng Jin Luo , Sipe J. E.
Published: May 2023

We experimentally study the tunability of second harmonic generation (SHG) from a two-dimensional (2D) material in a 2D material/dielectric film/substrate layered structure. Such tunability arises from two interferences: one is between the incident fundamental light and its reflected light, and the other is between the upward second harmonic (SH) light and the reflected downward SH light. When both interferences are constructive, the SHG is maximally enhanced; it becomes attenuated if either of them is destructive. The maximal signal can be obtained when both interferences are perfectly constructive, which can be realized by choosing a highly reflective substrate and an appropriate thickness for a dielectric film that has a large difference in its refractive indices at the fundamental and the SH wavelengths. Our experiments demonstrate variations of three orders of magnitude in the SHG signals from a monolayer MoS2/TiO2/Ag layered structure.
Wideband ultra-low intensity noise reduction via joint action of gain saturation and out-of-phase polarization mixing effect from a semiconductor optical amplifier
Authors: Zhao Qilai , Lin Wei , Sun Yuxin , Zeng Chun , Yang Changsheng , Zhou Kaijun , Zhang Yu , Li Li , Feng Zhouming , Wei Xiaoming , Yang Zhongmin , Xu Shanhui
Published: May 2023

In this article, the vector dynamics of semiconductor optical amplifiers (SOAs) are systematically analyzed and developed to explore its mechanism of intensity noise suppression. First, theoretical investigation on the gain saturation effect and carrier dynamics is performed via a vectorial model, and the calculated result unravels desynchronized intensity fluctuations of two orthogonal polarization states. Particularly, it predicts an out-of-phase case, which allows the cancellation of the fluctuations via adding up the orthogonally-polarized components, then establishes a synthetic optical field with stable amplitude and dynamic polarization, and thereby enables a remarkable relative intensity noise (RIN) reduction. Here, we term this approach of RIN suppression as out-of-phase polarization mixing (OPM). To validate the OPM mechanism, we conduct an SOA-mediated noise-suppression experiment based on a reliable single-frequency fiber laser (SFFL) with the presence of relaxation oscillation peak, and subsequently carry out a polarization resolvable measurement. By this means, out-of-phase intensity oscillations with respect to the orthogonal polarization states are clearly demonstrated, and consequently enable a maximum suppression amplitude of >75 dB. Notably, the RIN of 1550-nm SFFL, suppressed by joint action of OPM and gain saturation effect, is dramatically reduced to -160 dB/Hz in a wideband of 0.5 MHz∼10 GHz, and the performance of which is excellent by comparing with the corresponding shot noise limit of -161.9 dB/Hz. The proposal of OPM here not only facilitates us to dissect the vector dynamics of SOA but also offers a promising solution to realize wideband near-shot-noise-limited SFFL.
Simultaneous temperature and pressure sensing based on a single optical resonator
Authors: Wu Yanran , Duan Bing , Song Jien , Tian Huiping , Chen Jin-hui , Yang Daquan , Huang Shanguo
Published: May 2023

We propose a dual-parameter sensor for the simultaneous detection of temperature and pressure based on a single packaged microbubble resonator (PMBR). The ultrahigh-quality (∼107) PMBR sensor exhibits long-term stability with the maximum wavelength shift about 0.2056 pm. Here, two resonant modes with different sensing performance are selected to implement the parallel detection of temperature and pressure. The temperature and pressure sensitivities of resonant Mode-1 are -10.59 pm/°C and 0.1059 pm/kPa, while the sensitivities of Mode-2 are -7.69 pm/°C and 0.1250 pm/kPa, respectively. By adopting a sensing matrix, the two parameters are precisely decoupled and the root mean square error of measurement are ∼ 0.12 °C and ∼ 6.48 kPa, respectively. This work promises the potential for the multi-parameters sensing in a single optical device.
Use Photonics. Find a Solution. Change the World.
Authors: Kwon Karen
Published: May 2023

The Optica Foundation Challenge enables early-career optics researchers to pursue high-impact ideas.
Fifty Years of Fiber Solitons
Authors: Dudley John M. , Finot Christophe , Genty Goëry , Taylor Roy
Published: May 2023

The study of temporal solitons has revolutionized fiber optics,
yielded new classes of ultrafast laser and opened multiple
interdisciplinary applications.
Photonic hooks generated on the basis of hollow reflection mirror
Authors: Yang Yu-Jing , Zhang De-Long
Published: May 2023

Photonic hook (PH) is a curved beam, which is characterized additionally by the bending angle θ besides focal length, intensity and transverse size. Here, we study paired PHs generated by two cuboid scatterers placed on a hollow mirror. The study focuses on the effects of hollow geometry and polarization state of incident wave on the PHs performance. The results show that the hollow geometry affects mainly the bending angle θ, which can change by two fold. The effect is associated with the hollow geometry induced changes of number and position of phase singularity in Poynting vector distribution. The polarization state of incident wave affects considerably both bending angle and focal length. As the polarization state is changed, the FL can change by ~26 fold and the θ by ~9o due to the interactions of the polarized electric field with scatterers and with the hollow mirror. It implies that the use of hollow mirror results in significant enhancement of polarization effect on the PH performance. Present study allows to conclude that the bending angle and focal length of paired PHs generated on the basis of the hollow mirror can be efficiently tailored by the hollow geometry and polarization state.
EARLY FLOWERING 3 interactions with PHYTOCHROME B and PHOTOPERIOD1 are critical for the photoperiodic regulation of wheat heading time
Authors: Alvarez Maria Alejandra , Li Chengxia , Lin Huiqiong , Joe Anna , Padilla Mariana , Woods Daniel P. , Dubcovsky Jorge
Published: May 2023

The photoperiodic response is critical for plants to adjust their reproductive phase to the most favorable season. Wheat heads earlier under long days (LD) than under short days (SD) and this difference is mainly regulated by thePHOTOPERIOD1(PPD1) gene. Tetraploid wheat plants carrying thePpd-A1aallele with a large deletion in the promoter head earlier under SD than plants carrying the wildtypePpd-A1ballele with an intact promoter. PhytochromesPHYBandPHYCare necessary for the light activation ofPPD1, and mutations in either of these genes result in the downregulation ofPPD1and very late heading time. We show here that both effects are reverted when thephyBmutant is combined with loss-of-function mutations inEARLY FLOWERING 3(ELF3), a component of the Evening Complex (EC) in the circadian clock. We also show that the wheat ELF3 protein interacts with PHYB and PHYC, is rapidly modified by light, and binds to thePPD1promoterin planta(likely as part of the EC). Deletion of the ELF3 binding region in thePpd-A1apromoter results inPPD1upregulation at dawn, similar toPPD1alleles with intact promoters in theelf3mutant background. The upregulation ofPPD1is correlated with the upregulation of the florigen geneFLOWERING LOCUS T1(FT1) and early heading time. Loss-of-function mutations inPPD1result in the downregulation ofFT1and delayed heading, even when combined with theelf3mutation. Taken together, these results indicate that ELF3 operates downstream ofPHYBas a direct transcriptional repressor ofPPD1, and that this repression is relaxed both by light and by the deletion of the ELF3 binding region in thePpd-A1apromoter. In summary, the regulation of the light mediated activation ofPPD1by ELF3 is critical for the photoperiodic regulation of wheat heading time.
Collective evolution learning model for vision-based collective motion with collision avoidance
Authors: Krongauz David L. , Lazebnik Teddy
Published: May 2023

Collective motion (CM) takes many forms in nature; schools of fish, flocks of birds, and swarms of locusts to name a few. Commonly, during CM the individuals of the group avoid collisions. These CM and collision avoidance (CA) behaviors are based on input from the environment such as smell, air pressure, and vision, all of which are processed by the individual and defined action. In this work, a novel vision-based CM with CA model (i.e., VCMCA) simulating the collective evolution learning process is proposed. In this setting, a learning agent obtains a visual signal about its environment, and throughout trial-and-error over multiple attempts, the individual learns to perform a local CM with CA which emerges into a global CM with CA dynamics. The proposed algorithm was evaluated in the case of locusts’ swarms, showing the evolution of these behaviors in a swarm from the learning process of the individual in the swarm. Thus, this work proposes a biologically-inspired learning process to obtain multi-agent multi-objective dynamics.
Using Artificial Intelligence (AI) to predict organizational agility
Authors: Shafiabady Niusha , Hadjinicolaou Nick , Din Fareed Ud , Bhandari Binayak , Wu Robert M. X. , Vakilian James
Published: May 2023

Since the pandemic organizations have been required to build agility to manage risks, stakeholder engagement, improve capabilities and maturity levels to deliver on strategy. Not only is there a requirement to improve performance, a focus on employee engagement and increased use of technology have surfaced as important factors to remain competitive in the new world. Consideration of the strategic horizon, strategic foresight and support structures is required to manage critical factors for the formulation, execution and transformation of strategy. Strategic foresight and Artificial Intelligence modelling are ways to predict an organizations future agility and potential through modelling of attributes, characteristics, practices, support structures, maturity levels and other aspects of future change. The application of this can support the development of required new competencies, skills and capabilities, use of tools and develop a culture of adaptation to improve engagement and performance to successfully deliver on strategy. In this paper we apply an Artificial Intelligence model to predict an organizations level of future agility that can be used to proactively make changes to support improving the level of agility. We also explore the barriers and benefits of improved organizational agility. The research data was collected from 44 respondents in public and private Australian industry sectors. These research findings together with findings from previous studies identify practices and characteristics that contribute to organizational agility for success. This paper contributes to the ongoing discourse of these principles, practices, attributes and characteristics that will help overcome some of the barriers for organizations with limited resources to build a framework and culture of agility to deliver on strategy in a changing world.
An automatic music generation and evaluation method based on transfer learning
Authors: Guo Yi , Liu Yangcheng , Zhou Ting , Xu Liang , Zhang Qianxue
Published: May 2023

In recent years, deep learning has seen remarkable progress in many fields, especially with many excellent pre-training models emerged in Natural Language Processing(NLP). However, these pre-training models can not be used directly in music generation tasks due to the different representations between music symbols and text. Compared with the traditional presentation method of music melody that only includes the pitch relationship between single notes, the text-like representation method proposed in this paper contains more melody information, including pitch, rhythm and pauses, which expresses the melody in a form similar to text and makes it possible to use existing pre-training models in symbolic melody generation. In this paper, based on the generative pre-training-2(GPT-2) text generation model and transfer learning we propose MT-GPT-2(music textual GPT-2) model that is used in music melody generation. Then, a symbolic music evaluation method(MEM) is proposed through the combination of mathematical statistics, music theory knowledge and signal processing methods, which is more objective than the manual evaluation method. Based on this evaluation method and music theories, the music generation model in this paper are compared with other models (such as long short-term memory (LSTM) model,Leak-GAN model and Music SketchNet). The results show that the melody generated by the proposed model is closer to real music.
Changes in methodological study characteristics in psychology between 2010-2021
Authors: Böschen Ingmar
Published: May 2023

In 2015, the Open Science Collaboration repeated a series of 100 psychological experiments. Since a considerable part of these replications could not confirm the original effects and some of them pointed in the opposite direction, psychological research is said to lack reproducibility. Several general criticisms can explain this finding, such as the standardized use of undirected nil-null hypothesis tests, samples being too small and selective, lack of corrections for multiple testing, but also some widespread questionable research practices and incentives to publish positive results only. A selection of 57,909 articles from 12 renowned journals is processed with theJATSdecodersoftware to analyze the extent to which several empirical research practices in psychology have changed over the past 12 years. To identify journal- and time-specific changes, the relative use of statistics based on p-values, the number of reported p-values per paper, the relative use of confidence intervals, directed tests, power analysis, Bayesian procedures, non-standardαlevels, correction procedures for multiple testing, and median sample sizes are analyzed for articles published between 2010 and 2015 and after 2015, and in more detail for every included journal and year of publication. In addition, the origin of authorships is analyzed over time. Compared to articles that were published in and before 2015, the median number of reported p-values per article has decreased from 14 to 12, whereas the median proportion of significant p-values per article remained constant at 69%. While reports of effect sizes and confidence intervals have increased, theαlevel is usually set to the default value of .05. The use of corrections for multiple testing has decreased. Although uncommon in each case (4% in total), directed testing is used less frequently, while Bayesian inference has become more common after 2015. The overall median estimated sample size has increased from 105 to 190.
More friends on SNS, more materialism? The moderating roles of self-esteem and social comparison orientation
Authors: Ruan Chenhan , Lu Zhihuang , Li Huizhong , Lin Wenhe , Li Dan , Yuan Jingting
Published: May 2023

On social networking sites, users are continuously exposed to a variety of posts from the networked individuals. Such information may often influence recipients’ perceptions of what is important and goal pursuits such as materialism. Even though several studies have examined the negative consequences of using social networking sites, less attention has been paid to the role of friends’ number and its impact on people’s life goal pursuits. This study aimed to investigate the dark side of online friends and explored why and when more friends in social networking sites would promote materialism. Based on a sample of 264 WeChat users, study 1 discovered that friends’ number positively impacted materialism through extrinsic goal (i.e., wealth and status). Additionally, such association was moderated by social comparison orientation and self-esteem. Importantly, self-esteem buffers the detrimental effect of friends’ number on materialism while social comparison orientation increases it. Study 2 further tested the causal relationship and showed that friends’ number on SNS might become a signal to indicate materialism via an experiment. In conclusion, our findings add to the understanding of psychological processes regarding the dark side of online friends’ number and render suggestions for developing positive personal value.
The development, implementation, and evaluation of an optimal model for the case detection, referral, and case management of Neglected Tropical Diseases
Authors: Godwin-Akpan Tiawanlyn G. , Chowdhury Shahreen , Rogers Emerson J. , Kollie Karsor K. , Zaizay Fasseneh Zeela , Wickenden Anna , Zawolo Georgina V. K. , Parker Colleen B. M. C. , Dean Laura
Published: May 2023

Background

People affected by Neglected Tropical Diseases (NTDs), specifically leprosy, Buruli ulcer (BU), yaws, and lymphatic filariasis, experience significant delays in accessing health services, often leading to catastrophic physical, psychosocial, and economic consequences. Global health actors have recognized that Sustainable Development Goal 3:3 is only achievable through an integrated inter and intra-sectoral response. This study evaluated existing case detection and referral approaches in Liberia, utilizing the findings to develop and test an Optimal Model for integrated community-based case detection, referral, and confirmation. We evaluate the efficacy of implementing the Optimal Model in improving the early diagnosis of NTDs, thus minimizing access delays and reducing disease burden.

Methods

We used a participatory action research approach to develop, implement, and evaluate an Optimal Model for the case detection, referral, and management of case management NTDs in Liberia. We utilized qualitative and quantitative methods throughout the cycle and implemented the model for 12 months.

Results

During the implementation of our optimal model, the annual number of cases detected increased compared to the previous year. Cases were detected at an earlier stage of disease progression, however; gendered dynamics in communities shape the case identification process for some individuals. Qualitative data showed increased knowledge of the transmission, signs, symptoms, and management options among community health workers (CHW).

Conclusion

The results provide evidence of the benefits of an integrated approach and the programmatic challenges to improve access to health services for persons affected by NTDs. The effectiveness of an integrated approach depends on a high level of collaboration, joint planning, and implementation embedded within existing health systems infrastructure.
Male involvement in female partners’ screening for breast and cervical cancers in Southwest Nigeria
Authors: Okafor Ifeoma Peace , Kukoyi Folayemi Oyinkansola , Kanma-Okafor Oluchi Joan , Izuka Michael Orji
Published: May 2023

Background

Breast and cervical cancers are in the top 10 most common cancers in women globally and the most common cancers in Nigerian women. The incidences have been rising steadily over the years. Involvement of men as key players in reproductive health issues has been receiving global attention especially in low and middle-income countries.

Aim

To assess male involvement in their female partners’ screening for breast and cervical cancers in Southwest, Nigeria.

Method

This was a community-based, cross-sectional study that employed a multi-stage sampling method to select 254 men who were married or in steady relationships in Lagos State, Southwest Nigeria. Data were collected from June to October 2018 using a semi-structured interviewer-administered questionnaire, analyzed using Epi Info version 3.5.1 and summarized with mean and standard deviation. Chi-square test was used for bivariate statistics, and the p-value of ≤0.05 was considered statistically significant. Multivariable logistic regression was used for predictor variables of male involvement in screening.

Results

29.5% of the respondents had good knowledge of breast and cervical cancers and screening and majority (85.5%) had a positive attitude towards screening. Only few, 19.3% and 15.7% had provided money for breast and cervical cancer screening respectively. Most men, 75% and 87.4% respectively had not accompanied their wife/female partner for breast and cervical cancer screening, while almost half (49.2%) and one-third (33.5%) respectively, had encouraged their female partners to screen for breast and cervical cancers. Overall, only about half, 138 (54.3%) of the men were considered ‘involved’ in their female partners’ screening for breast and cervical cancers. Male involvement was significantly associated with screening for female cancers (χ2 = 77.62, p = 0.001). Older age group (AOR = 2.64, 95% CI: 1.3–4.9), higher educational attainment (AOR = 3.51, 95% CI: 1.14–10.73), and positive attitude (AOR = 2.48, 95% CI:1.16–5.33) were found to be the predictors of male involvement.

Conclusion

Community-based programs for males, especially the younger and less educated, should be implemented to increase their involvement. It is also suggested that mass media messages be spread and online platforms be explored in order to increase men’s awareness and participation in female cancer screening.
Supply chain concentration and enterprise financialization: Evidence from listed companies in China’s manufacturing industry
Authors: He Huanhuan , Zuo Zongwen
Published: May 2023

Enterprise financialization will block the equipment update and technological innovation of enterprises by crowding out the main business funds. The risks and benefits of supply chain concentration will affect the enterprise financialization. This paper selects the panel data of A-share listed companies in China from 2009 to 2021, and uses fixed effect regression to analyze the impact of supply chain concentration on enterprise financialization. The conclusions show: both suppliers and customers concentration significantly promote the financialization of enterprises, and this conclusion is still valid after a series of tests; This kind of financialization effect is heterogeneous in four aspects: the nature of property rights, the scale of enterprises, the intensity of industrial competition and the level of economic development in the region where the enterprises are located; the mechanism analysis show that customer concentration can affect enterprise financialization through upstream commercial credit, but supplier concentration cannot affect enterprise financialization through downstream commercial credit.
Evaluating the COVID-19 impact in Italian regions via multi criteria analysis
Authors: Santucci Francesca , Nobili Martina , Faramondi Luca , Oliva Gabriele , Mazzà Bianca , Scala Antonio , Ciccozzi Massimo , Setola Roberto
Published: May 2023

Italy was the first European country to be significantly impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic. The lack of similar previous experiences and the initial uncertainty regarding the new virus resulted in an unpredictable health crisis with 243,506 total confirmed cases and 34,997 deaths between February and July 2020. Despite the panorama of precariousness and the impelling calamity, the country successfully managed many aspects of the early stages of the health and socio-economic crisis. Nevertheless, many disparities can be identified at the regional level. The study aims to determine which aspects of regional management were considered more important by the citizens regarding economic and health criteria. A survey was designed to gather responses from the population on the Italian regions’ response and provide a ranking of the regions. The 29-item online survey was provided to 352 individuals, and the collected data were analyzed using the Analytic Hierarchy Process methodology. The results show a general agreement in considering of greater relevance the healthcare policies rather than the economic countermeasures adopted by regional governments. Our analysis associated a weight of 64% to the healthcare criteria compared to the economic criteria with a weight of 36%. In addition to the results obtained from the Analytic Hierarchy Process, the sample’s composition was analyzed to provide an overall assessment of the Italian regions. To do so, we collected objective data for each region and multiplied them by the overall weight obtained for each sub-criteria. Looking at the propensity to vaccination or the belief in a relation between COVID-19 and 5G according to age and educational qualification helps understand how public opinion is structured according to cultural and anthropological differences.
“It is what we have been told to do”: Masculinities and femininities crossing with sexual orientation and feminist activism in Spain
Authors: Cerdán-Torregrosa Ariadna , La Parra-Casado Daniel , Vives-Cases Carmen
Published: May 2023

Masculinities and femininities are often characterized by social inequalities and mainly studied from the perspectives of adult, heterosexual and non-activist people. This study explores the discourses on masculinities and femininities of young cisgender men and women, involved or not in feminist activism and of different sexual orientations (heterosexual, bisexual and homosexual) in Spain. Between 2019 and 2020, we conducted a qualitative study with 20 semi-structured interviews and 8 discussion groups in which 73 people participated. A socially dominant gender discourse was identified, which establishes a dichotomous understanding of masculinity in constant confrontation with femininity, as well as of heterosexuality against homosexuality, in a heteronormative context. Young people discursively position themselves differently from said discourse according to their sexual orientation and involvement in feminist activism. We encounter discursive positions that reproduce the socially dominant gender discourse, especially detected among non-activist heterosexuals. We also observe others that try to transgress it, mainly among activists of all sexual orientations and non-activist homosexuals and bisexuals. This study empirically adds to the knowledge of the configuration of inequalities in gender relations and how interactions with sexuality take place. The results also provide guidance for future gender-transformative interventions to promote gender equality and social justice.
Meso-jejunal lymph node dissection has a survival benefit in patients with remnant gastric cancer
Authors: Oh Sung Eun , Choi Min-Gew , Lee Jun Ho , Sohn Tae Sung , Bae Jae Moon , An Ji Yeong
Published: May 2023

Background

Clinical benefits of the meso-jejunal lymph node (MJLN) dissection in remnant gastric cancer (RGC) patients have not been fully established. Hence, in this retrospective study, we evaluated the survival benefit of MJLN dissection and prognostic significance of MJLN metastasis in RGC patients who underwent gastrojejunostomy reconstruction after their initial gastrectomy.

Methods

We retrospectively reviewed 391 patients who underwent surgery for RGC at our institution between 1996 and 2019. Among them, 60 patients had MJLN dissection. The index value of the survival benefit gained by dissection of the MJLN was calculated by multiplying the frequency of metastasis at the MJLN station and the 5-year overall survival rate (5YOS) of patients with metastasis at that station. When the metastatic rate or 5YOS exceeded 10%, dissection was recommended. An index value of dissection greater than 1.0 was considered significant.

Results

Total metastatic rate of MJLN was 35% (n = 21/60). Patients with MJLN metastasis had advanced pathologic stage compared to patients in the no-metastasis group (p < 0.001). In T2-T4 RGC patients, the metastatic rate of MJLN was 48.6% (n = 17/35), and their 5YOS was 28.4%. The calculated index value was 13.8. Also, patients with MJLN metastasis had a poorer overall survival than those without metastasis. MJLN metastasis was an independent prognostic factor of overall survival in multivariate analysis (HR 6.77, 95%CI 2.21–20.79, p = 0.001).

Conclusion

MJLN dissection should be considered for advanced RGC patients who underwent gastrojejunostomy after distal gastrectomy during their initial surgery according to the index value.
Bioactive compounds, antioxidant capacity and anti-inflammatory activity of native fruits from Brazil
Authors: Tischer Bruna , Pangloli Philipus , Nieto-Veloza Andrea , Reeder Matthew , Dia Vermont P.
Published: May 2023

The purpose of this study was to extract, identify, and quantify the phenolic compounds in grumixama (Eugenia brasilienses Lam.) and guabiju (Myrcianthes pungens), native fruits from southern region of Brazil, and to explore their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. The phenolic compounds were extracted with acidified water and acidified methanol and evaluated for their bioactive constituents, antioxidant capacity, and anti-inflammatory properties. Spectrophotometric quantification shows tannins to be the most prevalent at 2.3 to 5.8 g/100g fresh fruit with acidified methanol containing higher concentrations of different phenolics than acidified water. HPLC analysis indicates that gallic acid, catechin, vanillic acid, and ellagic acid are the most prevalent phenolics in the two fruits extracts. Scavenging of DPPH and NO radicals showed inhibition by as much as 95% and 80%, respectively, at 2.5 gallic acid equivalent (GAE)/mL of the extract. At 50 μg GAE/mL, the release of pro-inflammatory molecules NO and IL-6 was significantly reduced with acidified methanol extract having higher inhibitory activity. Our results revealed that these native fruits, grown in the south of Brazil, are rich sources of phenolic compounds and have great antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity.
Avances en el desarrollo de nuevas vacunas contra Fasciola hepatica
Authors: Perallón Mantas Darío , Sánchez Montejo Javier , Muro Álvarez Antonio
Published: May 2023

a fasciolosis es una zoonosis provocada por el trematodo Fasciola hepatica que afecta ampliamente al sector ganadero. Sin embargo, aún no se ha desarrollado una vacuna eficaz para evitar el contagio de este parásito.

En este trabajo se ha empleado la tecnología del ácido ribonucleico mensajero para desarrollar un transcrito de una proteína recombinante de Fasciola hepatica que podrá emplearse para completar la formulación de una posible vacuna.

Gracias al uso de plásmidos como vectores de clonación de la secuencia de nuestra proteína antigénica de interés, en el estudio transformaremos en cultivos bacterianos dicha proteína para su posterior transcripción.
Previous SARS-CoV-2 Infection Is Not Associated With Increased Celiac Disease Autoimmunity in Children and Adolescents
Authors: Corrado Michelle M. , Jia Xiaofan , Geno Rasmussen Cristy , Pyle Laura , Yu Liping , Liu Edwin , Stahl Marisa , Rewers Marian J.
Published: May 2023

INTRODUCTION:

Recent reports suggest severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infections may increase the risk of celiac disease autoimmunity. This study aims to evaluate potential associations between coronavirus disease 2019 infection and tissue transglutaminase autoantibodies (TGA) immunoglobulin A.

METHODS:

From 2020 to 2021, cross-sectional screening for SARS-CoV-2 antibodies and TGA was offered to 4,717 children in Colorado through the Autoimmunity Screening for Kids study. Multivariable logistic regression assessed association between previous SARS-CoV-2 infection and TGA positivity.

RESULTS:

Previous SARS-CoV-2 infection was not associated with TGA positivity (odds ratio 1.02, 95% confidence interval 0.63–1.59; P = 0.95).

DISCUSSION:

In this large-scale analysis, previous SARS-CoV-2 infection was not associated with celiac disease autoimmunity in Colorado children.