bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Role of the Pacific‐Japan Pattern in Extreme Heatwaves Over Korea and Japan
Authors: Noh El , Kim Joowan , Jun Sang‐Yoon , Cha Dong‐Hyun , Park Myung‐Sook , Kim Joo‐Hong , Kim Hyeong‐Gyu
Published: September 2021

In the Northwestern Pacific, the meridionally propagating Rossby waves, known as the Pacific‐Japan (PJ) pattern, is the dominant teleconnection pattern and is considered as a source of heatwaves in East Asia. In this study, the circulation and thermodynamic characteristics of these patterns were investigated based on daily timescale to evaluate their relationship with the likelihood of heatwaves in Korea and Japan. The investigations reveal that stations in Korea and Japan record approximately 90% increase in extremely hot days (Tmax > 35°C) during the positive PJ pattern events. According to thermodynamic budget, horizontal heat advection is a key factor for the observed near‐surface warming during the positive PJ. The circulation pattern during the positive PJ largely explains the enhanced warm advection and physical heating due to the increased insolation and adiabatic heating are secondary factors for near‐surface warming. This phenomenon is robustly observed regardless of the definition.
Global Impacts From High‐Latitude Storms on Titan
Authors: Battalio Joseph Michael , Lora Juan Manuel
Published: September 2021

One of the first large cloud systems ever observed on Titan was a stationary event at the southern pole that lasted almost two full Titan days. Its stationary nature and large extent are puzzling given that low‐level winds should transport clouds eastward, pointing to a mechanism such as atmospheric waves propagating against the mean flow. We use a composite of 47 large convective events across 15 Titan years of simulations from the Titan Atmospheric Model to show that Rossby waves trigger polar convection—which halts the waves and produces stationary precipitation—and then communicate its impact globally. In the aftermath of the convection, forced waves undergo a complicated evolution, including cross‐equatorial propagation and tropical‐extratropical interaction. The resulting global impact from convection implies its detectability anywhere on Titan, both via surface measurements of pressure and temperature and through remote observation of the outgoing longwave radiation, which increases by globally.
Early Burial Mud Diapirism: Lateral Overpressure Transfer and Slope Failure in a Deformed Foredeep
Authors: Oppo Davide , Capozzi Rossella , Tingay Mark , Marabini Stefano
Published: September 2021

Understanding triggers and evolution of post‐depositional sediment intrusion is of major importance to decrease the risk associated with hazards to infrastructure and environment from events such as submarine landslides and fluid escape. Whereas deep‐sourced intrusions (>1 km) are widely documented, early burial examples are poorly recognized and have been described only in large deltas. Their formation had not yet been documented in deformed foredeeps. Here, we show an exceptionally well‐exposed, early burial mud diapir in the Northern Apennines fold and thrust belt. Disequilibrium compaction and tectonic basin tilt led to lateral pressure migration within shallow (<200 m) sediments. As a result, near‐lithostatic overpressure developed at the basin margin causing sediment intrusion and destabilization of the slope. This work shows that early burial mud diapirs can develop in deformed foredeeps with similar characteristics to their deep‐rooted counterparts, with important implications for hazard assessment in areas non‐traditionally prone to shallow overpressure buildup.
Reconstructing Substorms via Historical Data Mining: Is It Really Feasible?
Authors: Tsyganenko N. A. , Andreeva V. A. , Sitnov M. I. , Stephens G. K. , Gjerloev J. W. , Chu X. , Troshichev O. A.
Published: September 2021

The evolution of the low‐latitude magnetosphere over the substorm cycle is reconstructed based on a new high‐resolution 3D representation of the magnetic field and nearest‐neighbor data mining. The study covers radial distances 2.5–25 and employs a record‐large pool of spacecraft data taken during 1995–2019. The magnetospheric state is quantified by four indices, representing the ground geomagnetic activity and its temporal trends in the entire range of geomagnetic latitude: the SuperMAG SMR, the midlatitude positive bay MPB, the auroral SML, and the polar cap PC index. The developed technique has been tested on specific substorm events, with the results presented in the form of 5‐min cadence diagrams and animations of the magnetic field line configurations and electric current distributions. In all the analyzed events, the initial intensification and radial expansion of the inner tail current is accompanied by a gradual stretching of the magnetic field, followed by its sudden collapse, dramatic depletion of the current beyond , and a large‐scale dipolarization of the field around the time of MPB peak, after which the system recovers and tends to its pre‐substorm state.
Ectomycorrhizal access to organic nitrogen mediates CO2 fertilization response in a dominant temperate tree
Authors: Pellitier Peter T. , Ibáñez Inés , Zak Donald R. , Argiroff William A. , Acharya Kirk
Published: September 2021

Plant–mycorrhizal interactions mediate plant nitrogen (N) limitation and can inform model projections of the duration and strength of the effect of increasing CO2on plant growth. We present dendrochronological evidence of a positive, but context-dependent fertilization response ofQuercus rubra L. to increasing ambient CO2(iCO2) along a natural soil nutrient gradient in a mature temperate forest. We investigated this heterogeneous response by linking metagenomic measurements of ectomycorrhizal (ECM) fungal N-foraging traits and dendrochronological models of plant uptake of inorganic N and N bound in soil organic matter (N-SOM). N-SOM putatively enhanced tree growth under conditions of low inorganic N availability, soil conditions where ECM fungal communities possessed greater genomic potential to decay SOM and obtain N-SOM. These trees were fertilized by 38 years of iCO2. In contrast, trees occupying inorganic N rich soils hosted ECM fungal communities with reduced SOM decay capacity and exhibited neutral growth responses to iCO2. This study elucidates how the distribution of N-foraging traits among ECM fungal communities govern tree access to N-SOM and subsequent growth responses to iCO2.
Prokaryotic viruses impact functional microorganisms in nutrient removal and carbon cycle in wastewater treatment plants
Authors: Chen Yiqiang , Wang Yulin , Paez-Espino David , Polz Martin F. , Zhang Tong
Published: September 2021

As one of the largest biotechnological applications, activated sludge (AS) systems in wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) harbor enormous viruses, with 10-1,000-fold higher concentrations than in natural environments. However, the compositional variation and host-connections of AS viruses remain poorly explored. Here, we report a catalogue of ~50,000 prokaryotic viruses from six WWTPs, increasing the number of described viral species of AS by 23-fold, and showing the very high viral diversity which is largely unknown (98.4-99.6% of total viral contigs). Most viral genera are represented in more than one AS system with 53 identified across all. Viral infection widely spans 8 archaeal and 58 bacterial phyla, linking viruses with aerobic/anaerobic heterotrophs, and other functional microorganisms controlling nitrogen/phosphorous removal. Notably, Mycobacterium, notorious for causing AS foaming, is associated with 402 viral genera. Our findings expand the current AS virus catalogue and provide reference for the phage treatment to control undesired microorganisms in WWTPs.
Role of the social factors in success of solar photovoltaic reuse and recycle programmes
Authors: Walzberg Julien , Carpenter Alberta , Heath Garvin A.
Published: September 2021

By 2050, the cumulative mass of end-of-life photovoltaic (PV) modules may reach 80 Mt globally. The impacts could be mitigated by module recycling, repair and reuse; however, previous studies of PV circularity omit the consideration of critical social factors. Here we used an agent-based model to integrate social aspects with techno-economic factors, which provides a more realistic assessment of the circularity potential for previously studied interventions that assesses additional interventions that cannot be analysed using techno-economic analysis alone. We also performed a global sensitivity analysis using a machine-learning metamodel. We show that to exclude social factors underestimates the effect of lower recycling prices on PV material circularity, which highlights the relevance of considering social factors in future studies. Interventions aimed at changing customer attitudes about used PV boost the reuse of modules, although used modules can only satisfy one-third of the US demand during 2020–2050, which suggests that reuse should be complemented by recycling.
Biomolecular insights into North African-related ancestry, mobility and diet in eleventh-century Al-Andalus
Authors: Silva Marina , Oteo-García Gonzalo , Martiniano Rui , Guimarães João , von Tersch Matthew , Madour Ali , Shoeib Tarek , Fichera Alessandro , Justeau Pierre , Foody M. George B. , McGrath Krista , Barrachina Amparo , Palomar Vicente , Dulias Katharina , Yau Bobby , Gandini Francesca , Clarke Douglas J. , Rosa Alexandra , Brehm António , Flaquer Antònia , Rito Teresa , Olivieri Anna , Achilli Alessandro , Torroni Antonio , Gómez-Carballa Alberto , Salas Antonio , Bryk Jaroslaw , Ditchfield Peter W. , Alexander Michelle , Pala Maria , Soares Pedro A. , Edwards Ceiridwen J. , Richards Martin B.
Published: September 2021

Historical records document medieval immigration from North Africa to Iberia to create Islamic al-Andalus. Here, we present a low-coverage genome of an eleventh century CE man buried in an Islamic necropolis in Segorbe, near Valencia, Spain. Uniparental lineages indicate North African ancestry, but at the autosomal level he displays a mosaic of North African and European-like ancestries, distinct from any present-day population. Altogether, the genome-wide evidence, stable isotope results and the age of the burial indicate that his ancestry was ultimately a result of admixture between recently arrived Amazigh people (Berbers) and the population inhabiting the Peninsula prior to the Islamic conquest. We detect differences between our sample and a previously published group of contemporary individuals from Valencia, exemplifying how detailed, small-scale aDNA studies can illuminate fine-grained regional and temporal differences. His genome demonstrates how ancient DNA studies can capture portraits of past genetic variation that have been erased by later demographic shifts—in this case, most likely the seventeenth century CE expulsion of formerly Islamic communities as tolerance dissipated following theReconquistaby the Catholic kingdoms of the north.
Characterization of Vegard strain related to exceptionally fast Cu-chemical diffusion in Cu$$_2$$Mo$$_6$$S$$_8$$ by an advanced electrochemical strain microscopy method
Authors: Badur Sebastian , Renz Diemo , Cronau Marvin , Göddenhenrich Thomas , Dietzel Dirk , Roling Bernhard , Schirmeisen André
Published: September 2021

Electrochemical strain microscopy (ESM) has been developed with the aim of measuring Vegard strains in mixed ionic-electronic conductors (MIECs), such as electrode materials for Li-ion batteries, caused by local changes in the chemical composition. In this technique, a voltage-biased AFM tip is used in contact resonance mode. However, extracting quantitative strain information from ESM experiments is highly challenging due to the complexity of the signal generation process. In particular, electrostatic interactions between tip and sample contribute significantly to the measured ESM signals, and the separation of Vegard strain-induced signal contributions from electrostatically induced signal contributions is by no means a trivial task. Recently, we have published a compensation method for eliminating frequency-independent electrostatic contributions in ESM measurements. Here, we demonstrate the potential of this method for detecting Vegard strain in MIECs by choosing Cu$$_2$$

2

Mo$$_6$$

6

S$$_8$$

8

as a model-type MIEC with an exceptionally high Cu chemical diffusion coefficient. Even for this material, Vegard strains are only measurable around and above room-temperature and with proper elimination of electrostatics. The analyis of the measured Vegards strains gives strong indication that due to a high charge transfer resistance at the tip/interface, the local Cu concentration variations are much smaller than predicted by the local Nernst equation. This suggests that charge transfer resistances have to be analyzed in more detail in future ESM studies.
Functional versus morphological assessment of vascular age in patients with coronary heart disease
Authors: Yurdadogan Tino , Malsch Carolin , Kotseva Kornelia , Wood David , Leyh Rainer , Ertl Georg , Karmann Wolfgang , Müller-Scholden Lara , Morbach Caroline , Breunig Margret , Wagner Martin , Gelbrich Götz , Bots Michiel L. , Heuschmann Peter U. , Störk Stefan
Published: September 2021

Communicating cardiovascular risk based on individual vascular age (VA) is a well acknowledged concept in patient education and disease prevention. VA may be derived functionally, e.g. by measurement of pulse wave velocity (PWV), or morphologically, e.g. by assessment of carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT). The purpose of this study was to investigate whether both approaches produce similar results. Within the context of the German subset of the EUROASPIRE IV survey, 501 patients with coronary heart disease underwent (a) oscillometric PWV measurement at the aortic, carotid-femoral and brachial-ankle site (PWVao, PWVcf, PWVba) and derivation of the aortic augmentation index (AIao); (b) bilateral cIMT assessment by high-resolution ultrasound at three sites (common, bulb, internal). Respective VA was calculated using published equations. According to VA derived from PWV, most patients exhibited values below chronological age indicating a counterintuitive healthier-than-anticipated vascular status: for VAPWVao in 68% of patients; for VAAIao in 52% of patients. By contrast, VA derived from cIMT delivered opposite results: e.g. according to VAtotal-cIMT accelerated vascular aging in 75% of patients. To strengthen the concept of VA, further efforts are needed to better standardise the current approaches to estimate VA and, thereby, to improve comparability and clinical utility.
Quantitative global lipidomics analysis of patients with ovarian cancer versus benign adnexal mass
Authors: Buas Matthew F. , Drescher Charles W. , Urban Nicole , Li Christopher I. , Bettcher Lisa , Hait Nitai C. , Moysich Kirsten B. , Odunsi Kunle , Raftery Daniel , Yan Li
Published: September 2021

Altered lipid metabolism has emerged as an important feature of ovarian cancer (OC), yet the translational potential of lipid metabolites to aid in diagnosis and triage remains unproven. We conducted a multi-level interrogation of lipid metabolic phenotypes in patients with adnexal masses, integrating quantitative lipidomics profiling of plasma and ascites with publicly-available tumor transcriptome data. Using Sciex Lipidyzer, we assessed concentrations of > 500 plasma lipids in two patient cohorts—(i) a pilot set of 100 women with OC (50) or benign tumor (50), and (ii) an independent set of 118 women with malignant (60) or benign (58) adnexal mass. 249 lipid species and several lipid classes were significantly reduced in cases versus controls in both cohorts (FDR < 0.05). 23 metabolites—triacylglycerols, phosphatidylcholines, cholesterol esters—were validated at Bonferroni significance (P < 9.16 × 10–5). Certain lipids exhibited greater alterations in early- (diacylglycerols) or late-stage (lysophospholipids) cases, and multiple lipids in plasma and ascites were positively correlated. Lipoprotein receptor gene expression differed markedly in OC versus benign tumors. Importantly, several plasma lipid species, such as DAG(16:1/18:1), improved the accuracy of CA125 in differentiating early-stage OC cases from benign controls, and conferred a 15–20% increase in specificity at 90% sensitivity in multivariate models adjusted for age and BMI. This study provides novel insight into systemic and local lipid metabolic differences between OC and benign disease, further implicating altered lipid uptake in OC biology, and advancing plasma lipid metabolites as a complementary class of circulating biomarkers for OC diagnosis and triage.
Thermoregulatory role of ghrelin in the induction of torpor under a restricted feeding condition
Authors: Sato Takahiro , Oishi Kanae , Koga Daisuke , Ida Takanori , Sakai Yusuke , Kangawa Kenji , Kojima Masayasu
Published: September 2021

Ghrelin, a circulating orexigenic hormone secreted from the stomach, stimulates appetite and food intake by activating the hypothalamic arcuate nucleus. Administration of exogenous ghrelin exerts anabolic effects, causing weight gain, increased adiposity, and decreased metabolism. Body temperature (BT), which is determined by the balance of heat production and heat loss, must be strictly regulated to maintain proper cellular function and metabolism. However, the role of ghrelin in thermoregulation remains unclear. In this study, we found that ghrelin was essential for decreasing BT when mice are placed under calorie restriction. Elevated ghrelin concentrations induced by fasting correlated with significant decreases in BT, a hibernation-like state called torpor. Ghrelin-deficient (Ghrl−/−) animals could not enter torpor. The BT of Ghrl−/− mice also remained high under restricted feeding, but the animals gradually entered precipitous hypothermia, indicating thermoregulatory impairment. These effects of ghrelin on thermoregulation were the result of suppression of sympathetic nervous system activity input to brown adipose tissue; in the absence of ghrelin, it was not possible to suppress uncoupling protein 1 (ucp1) expression and decrease BT in low-energy states. Together, these findings demonstrate that ghrelin is an essential circulating hormone involved in lowering BT.
Selection of mesophotic habitats by Oculina patagonica in the Eastern Mediterranean Sea following global warming
Authors: Martinez Stephane , Bellworthy Jessica , Ferrier-Pagès Christine , Mass Tali
Published: September 2021

Globally, species are migrating in an attempt to track optimal isotherms as climate change increasingly warms existing habitats. Stony corals are severely threatened by anthropogenic warming, which has resulted in repeated mass bleaching and mortality events. Since corals are sessile as adults and with a relatively old age of sexual maturity, they are slow to latitudinally migrate, but corals may also migrate vertically to deeper, cooler reefs. Herein we describe vertical migration of the Mediterranean coral Oculina patagonica from less than 10 m depth to > 30 m. We suggest that this range shift is a response to rapidly warming sea surface temperatures on the Israeli Mediterranean coastline. In contrast to the vast latitudinal distance required to track temperature change, this species has migrated deeper where summer water temperatures are up to 2 °C cooler. Comparisons of physiology, morphology, trophic position, symbiont type, and photochemistry between deep and shallow conspecifics revealed only a few depth-specific differences. At this study site, shallow colonies typically inhabit low light environments (caves, crevices) and have a facultative relationship with photosymbionts. We suggest that this existing phenotype aided colonization of the mesophotic zone. This observation highlights the potential for other marine species to vertically migrate.
Observation of pressure induced charge density wave order and eightfold structure in bulk VSe2
Authors: Guo Zhiying , Hao Xingyu , Dong Juncai , Li Haijing , Liao Jiangwen , Chen Dongliang
Published: September 2021

Pressure-induced charge density wave (CDW) state can overcome the low-temperature limitation for practical application, thus seeking its traces in experiments is of great importance. Herein, we provide spectroscopic evidence for the emergence of room temperature CDW order in the narrow pressure range of 10–15 GPa in bulk VSe2. Moreover, we discovered an 8-coordination structure of VSe2 with C2/m symmetry in the pressure range of 35–65 GPa by combining the X-ray absorption spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction experiments, and the first-principles calculations. These findings are beneficial for furthering our understanding of the charge modulated structure and its behavior under high pressure.
Peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer thickness in patients with unilateral retinal vein occlusion
Authors: Ahn Jayoung , Hwang Daniel Duck-Jin
Published: September 2021

This study evaluated longitudinal changes in peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (pRNFL) thickness in eyes affected with branch and central retinal vein occlusion (BRVO and CRVO, respectively) and fellow eyes. This retrospective case–control study included patients with newly diagnosed unilateral BRVO (46 patients) or unilateral CRVO (27 patients). The control group included 48 patients without abnormal findings on the fundus examination. Global and all-sector pRNFL thicknesses were greater in eyes with BRVO and CRVO than in fellow eyes at baseline; however, at 24 months, this difference remained only in the temporal sector of eyes affected with CRVO. Although the global pRNFL thicknesses of the fellow eyes in the BRVO and CRVO groups decreased significantly at 24 months compared to baseline (p = 0.001 and p = 0.011, respectively), there was no significant difference in the normal control group (p = 0.824). The global, inferior temporal, and inferior nasal pRNFL thicknesses at 12 and 24 months were significantly lower in the fellow eyes of the CRVO group than in those of the BRVO and normal control groups. The fellow eyes of patients with BRVO and CRVO suffered a significant reduction in pRNFL thickness compared to normal controls, indicating that they are susceptible to pRNFL damage.
Dynamic changes of scleral spur length in different accommodation stimuli states
Authors: Chen Liugui , Jin Wei , Hao Xinlei , Li Xuejie , Xing Yiqiao
Published: September 2021

This study aimed to evaluate the scleral spur length (SSL) in response to different accommodation stimuli states, as well as the correlation with Schlemm’s canal (SC) and trabecular meshwork (TM). 74 children were recruited for this study. The 0D, − 4D, and − 8.0 D accommodation stimuli state was achieved by looking at a variable distance optotype. The ciliary muscle (CM), scleral spur (SS), SC, and TM were imaged by swept-source optical coherence tomography. The SSL (Method III) increased significantly from 221.56 ± 30.74 μm at base state to 234.99 ± 30.11 μm at − 4D accommodation stimuli state (p = 0.028) and increased to 250.09 ± 29.87 μm at − 8D accommodation stimuli state (p = 0.011). Method III had the largest areas under receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves (0.798, 95% CI 0.721–0.875). Moreover, CM 1, SC, and trabecular meshwork length (TML) were significantly correlated with SSL (Method III) (p < 0.05). These findings suggest that the contractile ability and compliance of the SS play an important role in maintaining the morphology of the SC. Moreover, the force of accommodation regulates the SC size by increasing the length of SS.
Low-viscosity matrix suspension culture enables scalable analysis of patient-derived organoids and tumoroids from the large intestine
Authors: Hirokawa Yumiko , Clarke Jordan , Palmieri Michelle , Tan Tao , Mouradov Dmitri , Li Shan , Lin Cong , Li Fuqiang , Luo Huijuan , Wu Kui , Faux Maree , Tan Chin Wee , Lee Margaret , Gard Grace , Gibbs Peter , Burgess Antony W. , Sieber Oliver M.
Published: September 2021

Cell embedment into a solid support matrix is considered essential for the culture of intestinal epithelial organoids and tumoroids, but this technique presents challenges that impede scalable culture expansion, experimental manipulation, high-throughput screening and diagnostic applications. We have developed a low-viscosity matrix (LVM) suspension culture method that enables efficient establishment and propagation of organoids and tumoroids from the human large intestine. Organoids and tumoroids cultured in LVM suspension recapitulate the morphological development observed in solid matrices, with tumoroids reflecting the histological features and genetic heterogeneity of primary colorectal cancers. We demonstrate the utility of LVM suspension culture for organoid and tumoroid bioreactor applications and biobanking, as well as tumoroid high-throughput drug sensitivity testing. These methods provide opportunities for the study and use of patient-derived organoids and tumoroids from the large intestine.
Synthesis of cyclohexanol and ethanol via the hydrogenation of cyclohexyl acetate with Cu2Znx/Al2O3 catalysts
Authors: Qi Yuanyuan , Song Tongyang , Li Kefan , Wu Peng , Zhu Zhirong , Li Xiaohong
Published: September 2021

The Cu2Zn1.25/Al2O3 catalyst exhibited 93.9% conversion and 97.2% selectivity to ethanol with 97.1% selectivity to cyclohexanol for the hydrogenation of cyclohexyl acetate due to the abundant weak acid sites and the highest ratio of Cu+/(Cu0 + Cu+).
Hydroboration of carbonyls and imines by an iminophosphonamido tin(ii) precatalyst
Authors: Nakaya Kazuki , Takahashi Shintaro , Ishii Akihiko , Boonpalit Kajjana , Surawatanawong Panida , Nakata Norio
Published: September 2021

Iminophosphonamido tin(ii) chloride 1 can act as a precatalyst for the hydroboration of aldehydes, ketones, and imines at −10 °C.
Tetranuclear rollover cyclometalated organoplatinum–rhenium compounds; C–I oxidative addition and C–C reductive elimination using a rollover cycloplatinated dimer
Authors: Nabavizadeh S. Masoud , Molaee Hajar , Haddadi Elahe , Niroomand Hosseini Fatemeh , Hoseini S. Jafar , Abu-Omar Mahdi M.
Published: September 2021

C–I bond activation by rollover cycloplatinated(ii) complex 2 gives cycloplatinated(iv) complex 3. 3 can react with silver perrhenate to give tetranuclear Pt(iv)–Re(vii) complex 4 or undergo C–C ethane reductive elimination to give dimeric rollover cycloplatinated(ii) complex 5.
Oxidative addition, reduction and reductive coupling: the versatile reactivity of subvalent gallium cations
Authors: Schorpp Marcel , Tamim Razan , Krossing Ingo
Published: September 2021

One for all…The reactivity of subvalent gallium cations is explored; ranging from oxidative addition of phosphonium ions to reductive coupling of chlorophosphines and 2-electron-3-halide reduction of main group and transition metal trihalides.
Synthesis, isolation and characterization of a stable lithium stannenolate. A keto or an enol tautomer?
Authors: Bashkurov Roman , Fridman Natalia , Bravo-Zhivotovskii Dmitry , Apeloig Yitzhak
Published: September 2021

The synthesis and isolation of the first stable lithium stannenolate is reported. Structural and spectroscopic data, in combination with DFT quantum-mechanical calculations, indicate that the stannenolate adopts the keto tautomeric structure.
Bio-inspired design of anin situmultifunctional polymeric solid–electrolyte interphase for Zn metal anode cycling at 30 mA cm−2and 30 mA h cm−2
Authors: Zeng Xiaohui , Xie Kaixuan , Liu Sailin , Zhang Shilin , Hao Junnan , Liu Jiatu , Pang Wei Kong , Liu Jianwen , Rao Pinhua , Wang Qinghong , Mao Jianfeng , Guo Zaiping
Published: September 2021

We report a bio-inspired design strategy for constructing anin situpolymeric SEI in aqueous Zn chemistry. This SEI can restrain interfacial side reactions, facilitate a uniform Zn2+flux, and consequently endow a highly stable Zn metal anode.
In vitro and in silico evaluation of EGFR targeting activities of curcumin and its derivatives
Authors: Liang Yuan , Zhao Jingqi , Zou Haoyang , Zhang Jie , Zhang Tiehua
Published: September 2021

Curcumin and its derivatives are potential tyrosine kinase inhibitors that target EGFR.
Monobodies as tool biologics for accelerating target validation and druggable site discovery
Authors: Akkapeddi Padma , Teng Kai Wen , Koide Shohei
Published: September 2021

Rapid development of target-binding proteins with exquisite selectivity and high potency helps validate challenging intracellular targets.
An experimental design to extract more information from MS-based histone studies
Authors: De Clerck Laura , Willems Sander , Daled Simon , Van Puyvelde Bart , Verhelst Sigrid , Corveleyn Laura , Deforce Dieter , Dhaenens Maarten
Published: September 2021

Enzymatic treatment of a commercial histone extract as a quantify-first strategy allows isolating ion populations of interest that currently remain in the dark.
Electron transport properties of PAl12-based cluster complexes
Authors: Shen John , He Haiying , Sengupta Turbasu , Bista Dinesh , Reber Arthur C. , Pandey Ravindra , Khanna Shiv N.
Published: September 2021

A donor ligand N-ethyl-2-pyrrolidone could be used to alter the frontier orbitals of superatom PAl12-based cluster complexes leading to variation of current highly dependent on the number of attached ligands.
Adsorption isotherms and kinetic studies for the removal of toxic reactive dyestuffs from contaminated water using a viologen-based covalent polymer
Authors: Nour Hany F. , E. Abdel Mageid Randa , Radwan Emad K. , Khattab Tawfik A. , Olson Mark A. , El Malah Tamer
Published: September 2021

A polyviologen-based adsorbent was prepared via polymerization of a viologen-dialdehyde with a hydroxyl-substituted aryl-dihydrazide in acidified water.
Synthesis of Cu(OH)F microspheres using atmospheric dielectric barrier discharge microplasma: a high-performance non-enzymatic electrochemical sensor
Authors: Wang Qiang , Zhao Li , Zhou Jiaxin , Hu Zhangmei , Huang Ke , Jiang Xue , Yu Huimin
Published: September 2021

Cu(OH)F microspheres were in situ synthetized using microplasma and were employed as an electrochemical sensor for glucose, hydrogen peroxide and formaldehyde.
Acridinone-based anion transporters
Authors: McNaughton Daniel A. , Macreadie Lauren K. , Gale Philip A.
Published: September 2021

The acridinone 1,9-bis(thio)urea scaffold was repurposed for application in anion transport by appending a variety of electron-withdrawing groups to the peripheral phenyl moieties. High levels of activity were achieved which facilitated strictly electroneutral transport.
Revealing photoluminescence mechanisms of single CsPbBr3/Cs4PbBr6 core/shell perovskite nanocrystals
Authors: Ding Huafeng , Shan Yansu , Wang Jizhou , Xu Qinfeng , Han Jing , Jiao Mengmeng , Cao Kunjian , Liu Mingliang , Mu Haifeng , Zhang Shufang , Yang Chuanlu
Published: September 2021

CsPbBr3/Cs4PbBr6 core/shell perovskite NCs were prepared with a cubic shape. The core CsPbBr3 are coated by a Cs4PbBr6 shell. The XRD, absorption spectra and PLE spectra were different from the simple mixtures of CsPbBr3 and Cs4PbBr6 in bulk.
Rapid green-synthesis of TiO2 nanoparticles for therapeutic applications
Authors: Bhullar Shilpy , Goyal Navdeep , Gupta Shikha
Published: September 2021

Synthesis of TiO2 nanoparticles using three different plant extracts results in different properties of the individual samples.
Effect of metal nitrate on mechanochemical nitration of toluene
Authors: Vasudevan Ashvin , Schoenitz Mirko , Dreizin Edward L.
Published: September 2021

Mechanochemical nitration of toluene was explored using MoO3 as catalyst and different metal nitrates as sources of nitronium ion.
Recent advances and perspectives of two-dimensional Ti-based electrodes for electrochemical energy storage
Authors: Mao Lei , Zhao Xun , Cheng Qihui , Yang Guiyuan , Liao Fangfang , Chen Lingyun , He Pingge , Chen Shaowei
Published: September 2021

Two-dimensional (2D) titanium (Ti)-based nanomaterials have been extensively investigated due to their small strain expansion, abundant ion diffusion paths, high safety, and low cost.
Nanoparticles of aromatic biopolymers catalyze CO2 cycloaddition to epoxides under atmospheric conditions
Authors: Jaroonwatana Wimalin , Theerathanagorn Tharinee , Theerasilp Man , Del Gobbo Silvano , Yiamsawas Doungporn , D'Elia Valerio , Crespy Daniel
Published: September 2021

Nanoparticles from lignin and melanin derivatives are suitable sustainable catalysts for the cycloaddition of carbon dioxide to epoxides.
GSP-spec line list for the parametrisation of Gaia-RVS stellar spectra
Authors: Contursi G. , de Laverny P. , Recio-Blanco A. , Palicio P. A.
Published: September 2021

Context. The Gaia mission is a magnitude-limited whole-sky survey that collects an impressive quantity of astrometric, spectro-photometric and spectroscopic data. Among all the on-board instruments, the Radial Velocity Spectrometer (RVS) produces millions of spectra up to a magnitude of GRVS ~ 16. For the brightest RVS targets, stellar atmospheric parameters and individual chemical abundances are automatically estimated by the Generalized Stellar Parametriser – spectroscopy group (GSP-Spec). These data will be published with the third Gaia Data Release.

Aims. Some major ingredients of the determination of these stellar parameters include the atomic and molecular line lists that are adopted to compute reference synthetic spectra, on which the parametrisation methods rely. We aim to build such a specific line list optimised for the analysis of RVS late-type star spectra.

Methods. Starting from the Gaia-ESO line lists, we first compared the observed and synthetic spectra of six well-known reference late-type stars in the wavelength range covered by the RVS instrument. We then improved the quality of the atomic data for the transitions presenting the largest mismatches.

Results. The new line list is found to produce very high-quality synthetic spectra for the tested reference stars and has thus been adopted within GSP-Spec. We note, however, that a couple of atomic line profiles, in particular the calcium infrared triplet lines, still show some deviations compared to the reference spectra, probably because of the adopted line-transfer assumptions (local thermodynamical equilibrium, hydrostatic, and no chromosphere). Future works should focus on such lines and should extend the present work towards OBA and M-type stellar spectra.
Influence of Pregnancy-Related Conditions on Human Epididymis Protein 4 Serum Levels in Comparison to CA 125 – a Prospective Cohort Trial
Authors: Azim Samira Abdel , Mutz-Dehbalaie Irene , Wieser Verena , Berger Astrid , Böttcher Bettina , Fiegl Heidi , Marth Christian , Widschwendter Andreas
Published: September 2021

Introduction HE4 and CA 125, two established biomarkers for assessing adnexal masses in non-pregnant women, are hardly investigated in pregnancy, especially in pregnancy-associated conditions. The aim was to evaluate HE4 and CA 125 levels in the course of pregnancy and to assess the impact of pregnancy disorders, contractions and rupture of membranes on HE4 and CA 125 serum levels in order to use these parameters for evaluation of adnexal masses in pregnancy.

Patients and Methods Blood samples (n = 238) of 201 women seen at the Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria, were prospectively obtained during pregnancy and postpartum. Serum concentrations of HE4 and CA 125 were analyzed. ROMA index was calculated by the premenopausal formula.

Results HE4 serum levels were highest in the third trimester. Contractions (p < 0.001), rupture of membranes (p = 0.005) and pregnancy-associated diseases (p = 0.003) were associated with higher HE4 levels. As much as 97.5% of HE4 measurements remained below the recommended cut-off for premenopausal women (70 pmol/l). CA 125 levels were not altered by pregnancy-associated conditions. Generally, CA 125 exhibited a wider serum level variability, exceeding the established cut-off of 35 U/ml in 16.4%.

Conclusions HE4 serum levels are influenced by several pregnancy-related conditions leading to significantly higher levels in these cases. Despite differing medians according to trimester, the 95th percentile cut-offs and almost all maximum values during the entire course of pregnancy were below the established cut-off for premenopausal women. It was also superior to the performance of ROMA index. Therefore, HE4 can be used as a valuable negative predictive marker for the assessment of adnexal masses during pregnancy.
Pädiatrische epileptische Enzephalopathien mit Manifestation oberhalb des Neugeborenenalters: ein Up-date
Authors: Trollmann Regina , Borggräfe Ingo , Müller-Felber Wolfgang , Brandl Ulrich
Published: September 2021

Entwicklungs-und epileptische Enzephalopathien manifestieren sich überwiegend bereits im Säuglings-und frühen Kleinkindesalter. Mit der neuen ILAE-Klassifikation der Epilepsien konnten epileptische Enzephalopathien sowohl hinsichtlich des elektroklinischen Phänotyps als auch des ätiologischen Spektrums und assoziierter Komorbiditäten genauer definiert werden. Einige elektroklinischer Entitäten wie das West-Syndrom oder das Dravet-Syndrom können auf der Basis ihres Genotyps inzwischen als spezifische Enzephalopathien klassifiziert werden. Das EEG stellt eine wichtige Zusatzdiagnostik in der Abklärung einer epileptischen Enzephalopathie dar. Es hat einen besonderen Stellenwert für die Diagnose von Komplikationen wie z. B. subklinischer Anfälle oder eines Status epilepticus sowie für ein adäquates Therapiemonitoring. Der Betrag fasst anhand ausgewählter pädiatrischer Epilepsiesyndrome aktuelle Aspekte zur Komplexität der pädiatrischen epileptischen Enzephalopathien und den Stellenwert der EEG-Diagnostik zusammen.
„Plötzlich war kein einziger Schluck mehr möglich“
Authors: Starrost Klaus
Published: September 2021

Das stark ausgeprägte Bild eines Guillain-Barré-Syndroms verursachte bei einem Patienten Mitte 50 eine plötzliche und vollständige Schluckstörung. Im Interview berichtet er über seinen Genesungsweg.
Neurophysiologische Grundlagen des normalen und gestörten Schluckaktes
Authors: Roderigo Malte , Warnecke Tobias , Dziewas Rainer , Suntrup-Krüger Sonja
Published: September 2021

Beim Schlucken handelt es sich um einen überlebenswichtigen Vorgang, der die Aufnahme von Nahrung, Flüssigkeiten und Speichel ermöglicht und der Reinigung und dem Schutz von Mundhöhle, Zunge und Zähnen dient. Darüber hinaus werden die Atmungsorgane (Trachea, Lunge) durch einen intakten Schluckakt vor eindringendem Fremdmaterial und damit einhergehend auch Krankheitserregern geschützt. Man spricht umgangssprachlich nicht ohne Grund von „Verschlucken“, wenn es infolge eines Kontakts von Nahrung oder Flüssigkeiten mit den sensiblen Strukturen der Atemwege zur Auslösung des Hustenreflexes kommt.
Rehabilitation von Schluckstörungen – Zeit für ein Umdenken!?
Authors: Duchac Stefanie , Frank Ulrike , Huckabee Maggie-Lee
Published: September 2021

Die Therapie von Dysphagien (Schluckstörungen) stellt das multiprofessionelle Team vor Herausforderungen. Die Komplexität des Schluckvorgangs muss berücksichtigt werden. Nur so kann es gelingen, Pathomechanismen zu identifizieren und eine effiziente Therapie anzubieten. Unter Berücksichtigung der spezifischen Merkmale des Systems Schlucken werden evidenzbasierte Therapieverfahren etabliert. Traditionelle Therapieansätze mit dem Fokus auf Kräftigung der schluckrelevanten Muskulatur werden diesem komplexen Anspruch nicht gerecht.
Klinische Neurophysiologie auf der pädiatrischen Intensivstation
Authors: Tacke Moritz , Müller-Felber Wolfgang
Published: September 2021

Auf pädiatrischen Intensivstationen kommt es häufig zum Einsatz neurophysiologischer Untersuchungsmethoden. Bei akuten Enzephalopathien oder in Situationen, in denen ein hohes Risiko für epileptische Anfälle besteht, werden verschiedene Varianten des EEGs verwendet. Bei Hinweisen auf neuromuskuläre Erkrankungen sind die Neurographie, die evozierten Potentiale, und die Elektromyographie die entscheidenden diagnostischen Methoden. Im Falle erworbener Hirnschädigungen wie z. B. nach Reanimationsereignissen oder bei Schädel-Hirn-Traumata können sowohl das EEG, als auch die evozierten Potentiale zur Prognoseabschätzung verwendet werden. Die Umstände auf der Intensivstation erschweren bei all diesen Methoden die Durchführung und die Interpretation. Viele Patienten werden mit Medikamenten behandelt, die die Untersuchungsergebnisse beeinflussen (insbesondere Sedativa und Muskelrelaxantien). Elektronische Geräte, z. B. für die Beatmung der Patienten, können zum Auftreten deutlicher Artefakte bei den neurophysiologischen Untersuchungen führen. Im vorliegenden Artikel werden die Einsatzbereiche neurophysiologischer Methoden auf pädiatrischen Intensivstationen beschrieben und auf Details bei der Anwendung eingegangen.
Reduction Mammoplasty Approach to Oncoplasty—Zone-Wise Planning in Indian Patients
Authors: Shankhdhar Vinay Kant , Jaiswal Dushyant , Bhansali Chirag , Despande Rupak , Yadav Prabha S. , Mathews Saumya , Mantri Mayur
Published: September 2021

Introduction This article is an attempt to formulate certain guidelines for planning of zone-wise reconstruction after breast conservation surgery. The planning involves applying reduction mammoplasty principles with certain modifications to address the defect.

Patients and Methods This is a retrospective study of 61 patients with breast cancer who underwent breast conservation surgery and reconstruction of partial breast defects with oncoplastic techniques between January 2014 to March 2019. Patients having low tumor to breast ratio and thus good candidates for volume displacement techniques were included in the study.

Results A total of 61 breast cancer cases were included; 22 cases were located in zone 1, nine in zone 2, seven in zone 3, three in zone 4, four in zone 5, one in zone 6, 12 in zone 7, two in zone 8, and three in zone 9. The most common pedicle design used was superomedial in 38 cases, followed by inferior in 19 and medial in 6 cases. Vertical short scar technique was used in 33 cases and Wise pattern skin incision in 30 cases. Follow-up period ranged from 4 months to 65 months, with a mean of 31 months. Four patients had partial skin necrosis, three had suture line dehiscence, two had wound infection, one had seroma, and eight patients had fat necrosis. All patients were satisfied with the cosmetic outcome.

Conclusion Breast oncoplastic techniques are effective, reliable, oncologically safe, and conducted with minimal complications in patients with moderately large ptotic breasts, thereby making planning easier and more reproducible by following the reconstruction procedures described in the article. We believe that these techniques should be incorporated in the armamentarium of every plastic surgeon to manage the defects created after breast conservation surgery, in order to achieve the best cosmetic outcomes.
Measuring the thermo in thermodynamic
Authors: Lim Alane
Published: September 2021

Review highlights refractive-index gas metrology, a technique that can measure thermodynamic temperature, pressure, or other gas properties.
Some observations on the duration of lactation and movements of a Tachyglossus aculeatus acanthion (Monotremata: Tachyglossidae) from Western Australia.
Authors: Abensperg-Traun M.
Published: September 2021

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Phylogenetic relationships of New Guinean rodents (Rodentia: Muridae) based on chromosomes.
Authors: Donnellan S.C.
Published: September 2021

The standard and C-banded chromosomes of 10 species from eight genera of New Guinea rodents are described. The data show that Anisomys, Lorentzimys, Pogonomys and possibly Chiruromys, previously karyotyped by Dennis and Menzies (1979), appear to form a clade by virtue of a shared Robertsonian rearrangement. The karyotypes of the two Uromys species examined differ by multiple rearrangements. Further investigations of these species and their New Guinean congeners may provide a framework for the resolution of the systematics of Australo-Papuan Uromys.
Distribution of the Ghost Bat, Macroderma gigas, (Chiroptera: Megadermatidae) in central and South Australia.
Authors: Churchill S.K. , Helman P.M.
Published: September 2021

Uncertainty about the status of the Ghost Bat, Macroderma gigas, at the southern edge of its range prompted an intensive field search for this species in the rocky ranges of South and central Australia. Known roost sites were exam ined and several previously unrecorded roost sites were located. None of these sites yielded evidence of current occupation. In southern Austra lia the size and extent of cave dung deposits, many of which have been mined for guano, suggest that the species was more common there until a few hundred years ago. There have been no live specimens recorded from South Australia. In central Australia historical records indicate that the species was in low numbers and sparsely distributed at the time of the first visits by naturalists. The small number of suitable roost sites is considered to have been the major factor limiting populations. The results of the recent field work show that the species no longer occurs in the area and that the last roosts were abandoned between 20 and 50 years ago.
Correction. Walton, D. W. and Richardson, B. J., (Eds) 1989. Fauna of Australia. Vol. 1b. Mammalia. AGPS: Canberra.
Authors: Bryden M.M.
Published: September 2021

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Trends in abundance of three marsupial species after fire.
Authors: Driessen M.M. , Hocking G.J.
Published: September 2021

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Confirmation of polyoestry in captive White-footed Dunnarts, Sminthopsis leucopus (Marsupialia: Dasyuridae).
Authors: Woolley P.A. , Gilfillan S.L.
Published: September 2021

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Total food consumption of some native Australian small mammals in the laboratory.
Authors: Calver M.C. , King D.R. , Gardner J.L. , Martin G.R.
Published: September 2021

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Sexual dimorphism in the northern hairy-nosed wombat, Lasiorhinus krefftii (Marsupialia: Vombatidae).
Authors: Johnson C.N. , Crossman D.G.
Published: September 2021

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Paternity exclusion and dominance in captive Red-necked Wallabies, Macropus rufogriseus (Marsupialia: Macropodidae).
Authors: Watson D.M. , Croft D.B. , Crozier R.H.
Published: September 2021

The relationship between dominance rank and paternity was examined in a captive group of Red-necked Wallabies, Macropus rufogriseus. Blood samples were collected from 15 wallabies surviving to the young-at-foot stage as well as from their mothers and all their potential fathers. The alleles present for two polymorphic plasma proteins, albumin and phosphoglucose isomerase, were determined electrophoretically for all wallabies. Dominance relationships were determined by the outcome of agonistic encounters. Alpha-status alternated between two of the three large males(#I and #3). Because of the small number of proteins examined, it was not possible to identify a single, sexually mature male as the probable father for each of the 15 wallabies surviving to the at-foot stage. The probable father of four of these was identified as#3. For a further two (#24 and n1), the probable father was reduced to one of two (#3 or #7) and one of four (#3, #8, #9 and #10) males. When #1 was the alpha-male he did not father at least 30 % (n = 10) of young surviving to the at-foot stage. While the difference was not significant, #3 fathered a greater proportion of the wallabies surviving to the at-foot stage when he was the alpha-male compared to when he was not ( 40 % vs 20 %, or 60 % vs 30 % if he was assumed to have fathered #24 and n1).