bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: Naphthoquinone Methide Type Near‐IR Dye: The Properties and Structure of 4‐(2′‐Acetylamino‐4′‐diethylaminophenylimino)‐1,4‐dihydronaphthylidenemalononitrile.
Authors: KUBO Y. , KUWANA M. , YOSHIDA K. , TOMOTAKE Y. , MATSUZAKI T. , MAEDA S.
Published: May 2016

The naphthylmalononitrile (I) and the protected diaminoaniline (II) are coupled in the presence of a peroxydisulfate, forming the quinoid compound (III) mentioned in the title.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Biological Activity of Some Novel 2H,7H‐(1,4)Thiazino(2,3‐g)‐1,4‐benzoxazine‐3,8(4H,9H)‐diones and 7,8‐Dihydro‐2H‐(1,5)thiazepino(2,3‐g)‐1,4‐benzoxazine‐3,9(4H,10H)‐diones.
Authors: SASTRY C. V. R. , RAO K. S. , KRISHNAN V. S. H. , RASTOGI K. , JAIN M. L. , NARAYAN G. K. A. S. S.
Published: May 2016

The hitherto unknown heterocyclic title systems (III) and (VI) are tested for their biological properties.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Anthelmintic Activity of Some New 3‐Alkyl/Aryl/dioxoimidazolidinyl‐benzoxazines/benzothiazines and 3‐Heteroarylaminobenzoxazines/benzothiazines.
Authors: SASTRY C. V. R. , RAM B. , JOGIBHUKTA M. , KRISHNAN V. S. H. , SINGH A. N. , REDDY G. J. , CHATURVEDI S. C. , RAO P. S. , SHRIDHAR D. R.
Published: May 2016

A variety of title compounds (48 examples) are prepared and tested for their pharmacological activity.
ChemInform Abstract: Cyclization of Arylnitrenium Ions to the Aporphine Ring System: Remarkable Formation of a Sixteen‐Membered Ring by an Intramolecular Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution.
Authors: ABRAMOVITCH R. A. , CHINNASAMY P. , EVERTZ K. , HUTTNER G.
Published: May 2016

Treatment of the m‐azidobenzyltetrahydroisoquinolines (I) with trifluoromethanesulfonic acid (II) in trifluoroacetic acid gives the aminoaporphines (III) and (IV) and the sulfonate (V).
ChemInform Abstract: The First Compound with a Stable Xenon‐Carbon Bond: 19F and 129Xe NMR Spectroscopic Evidence for Pentafluorophenylxenon(II) Fluoroborates.
Authors: NAUMANN D. , TYRRA W.
Published: May 2016

Xenon difluoride (I) reacts with tris(pentafluorophenyl)borane (II) to give the xenon borate (III), together with the polyfluorocyclohexa‐1,4 ‐dienes (IV) and (V) as the major side‐products.
ChemInform Abstract: A Hexa‐Coordinated Silicon Compound ‐ A Model for the Nucleophilic Attack on Anionic, Penta‐Coordinated Silicon Species?
Authors: CARRE F. , CERVEAU G. , CHUIT C. , CORRIU R. J. P. , REYE C.
Published: May 2016

The X‐ray structure analysis for the (PPN) silicate (III) and NMR spectroscopic studies of (III) and its similarly synthesized analogue (IV) confirm the nearly octahedral coordination at the Si atom and a short Si‐N bond.
ChemInform Abstract: First Structural Evidence for Transannular P‐N Bonding in the Phosphine Form of Cyclenphosphorane: An Open Tautomer?
Authors: KHASNIS D. V. , LATTMAN M. , SIRIWARDANE U. , CHOPRA S. K.
Published: May 2016

Mo‐hexacarbonyl (II) reacts with the title ligand (I) to give the complex (III) in which the ligand is coordinated to the metal in the open form.
ChemInform Abstract: Conversion of α,β‐Unsaturated Ketone Complexes into α,β‐Unsaturated Ketene Complexes.
Authors: ALCOCK N. W. , DANKS T. N. , RICHARDS C. F. , THOMAS S. E.
Published: May 2016

The α,β‐unsaturated carbonyl complexes (I), prepared from the corresponding α,β‐unsaturated ketones and Fe2(CO)9, are converted into the vinylketene complexes (III) upon treatment with carbon monoxide (II) and methyllithium.
ChemInform Abstract: Alkyne Addition Reactions on Pentaammineosmium(II): The Formation of π‐Enol and π‐Vinyl Ether Complexes.
Authors: HARMAN W. D. , DOBSON J. C. , TAUBE H.
Published: May 2016

Methanol solutions of the alkyne product (III) yield the isolable π‐vinyl ether complex (V).
ChemInform Abstract: Mixed‐Valent Octanuclear Platinum Acetamide Complex, (Pt8(NH3)16(C2H4NO)8)10+.
Authors: SAKAI K. , MATSUMOTO K.
Published: May 2016

The title complex (I) is synthesized from an aqueous solution of the cis‐diammineplatinum(II) hydrolysis product with equimolar amounts of acetamide at 70 °C (no yield given).
ChemInform Abstract: A Convenient Synthesis of Dioxoisobacteriochlorins from Hematoporphyrin.
Authors: MONTFORTS F.‐P. , ROMANOWSKI F. , BATS J. W.
Published: May 2016

The readily available ester (I) undergoes twofold amide acetal Claisen rearrangement to give the separable cis‐ and trans‐isobacteriochlorins (IIIa) and (IIIb), both of which exist as non‐separable mixtures of geometrical isomers concerning the newly formed exocyclic double bonds.
ChemInform Abstract: Displacement of the Anomeric Alkyl Group in Racemic Methyl 2,3,4‐Trideoxy‐glycero‐hex‐2‐enopyranosides by Sugar Units: Syntheses of Enantiomeric Pair of α‐D‐D‐, α‐L‐D‐, and α‐L‐L‐Disaccharides.
Authors: BANASZEK A.
Published: May 2016

SnCl4‐catalyzed coupling of various racemic glycosides such as (I) with protected D‐ and L‐monosaccharides possessing a single OH group such as (II) leads to 1:1 mixtures of disaccharides such as (III) and (IV) with D‐ and L‐configuration in the non‐reducing part.
ChemInform Abstract: Modification of Guanine Bases: Reaction of Guanine Nucleosides with Aryl and Chlorosulfonyl Isocyanates.
Authors: CAMUS P. , LHOMME M.‐F. , LHOMME J.
Published: May 2016

The aminopyrimidone derivatives (I) react with phenyl isocyanate (II) under cyclization to form the fused triazine (III) which is cleaved with electrophiles such as methanol (IV) to form the ureido compound (V).
ChemInform Abstract: A Synthesis of So‐Called Fumitremorgin C.
Authors: HINO T. , KAWATE T. , NAKAGAWA M.
Published: May 2016

Since the configuration at C‐12 of fumitremorgin C (a tremorgenic mycotoxin isolated from Aspergillus fumigatus Fres.) is unknown, both C‐12 isomers (IV) and (V) are synthesized.
ChemInform Abstract: Neon and Argon Bonding in First‐Row Cations NeX+ and ArX+ (X: Li‐Ne).
Authors: FRENKING G. , KOCH W. , CREMER D. , GAUSS J. , LIEBMAN J. F.
Published: May 2016

The trends in the dissociation energies calculated for NeX+ and ArX+ are compared with those previously determined for HeX+ and discussed in terms of donor‐acceptor interactions between the weak electron donors Ne and Ar and the electron acceptors X+.
ChemInform Abstract: Effects of Annealing Temperature on Microstructure and Electrical and Optical Properties of Radio‐Frequency‐Sputtered Tin‐Doped Indium Oxide Films.
Authors: NA J.‐G. , CHO Y.‐R. , KIM Y.‐H. , LEE T.‐D. , PARK S.‐J.
Published: May 2016

Indium tin oxide (ITO) films of 0.3 μm thickness containing 28 mol% SnO2 are prepared by a radio frequency magnetron sputtering method.
ChemInform Abstract: Alternative Spin States in Synthetic Analogues of Biological (4Fe‐4S)+ Clusters: Further Cases of Variable Ground States and the Structure of (Et4N)3(Fe4S4(S‐o‐C6H4StBu)4), Containing a Reduced Cluster with a Compressed Tetragonal Distortion.
Authors: CARNEY M. J. , PAPAEFTHYMIOU G. C. , FRANKEL R. B. , HOLM R. H.
Published: May 2016

Previous studies have shown that the cubane‐type reduced clusters (Fe4S4(SR)4)3‐, synthetic analogues of sites in reduced ferredoxins and other proteins, can exist in three ground‐states: pure S = 1/2 or S = 3/2; physical mixture of both these spins where spectroscopic and magnetic properties are summations of the properties of the two states and "spin‐admixed", where the properties are not summations but arise from a different electronic state.
ChemInform Abstract: A Rhenium(I) Bipyrimidine Tricarbonyl Complex Containing Methyl Viologen as the Sixth Ligand: NMR and Structural Results.
Authors: WINSLOW L. N. , RILLEMA D. P. , WELCH J. H. , SINGH P.
Published: May 2016

The structural properties of the title complex (I) (prepared from ReCl(CO)3(2,2'‐bipyrimidine) and methyl viologen hexafluorophosphate, 84% yield) are investigated in solution by 1H and 13C NMR spectra which indicate that the C(5) carbon atoms of the pyrimidine rings are not equivalent.
ChemInform Abstract: Reduction of Organic Compounds at Lead Cathodes and Mediation by Dimethylpyrrolidinium Ion.
Authors: LAWIN P. B. , HUTSON A. C. , KARIV‐MILLER E.
Published: May 2016

The electroreduction of organic compounds at lead cathodes in the presence of catalytic amounts of N,N‐dimethylpyrrolidinium tetrafluoroborate as the mediator is investigated.
ChemInform Abstract: Epoxidation of Olefins Catalyzed by Chelating Diphosphine‐Platinum(II) Complexes. Ring‐Size and Ring‐Shape Effects on the Catalytic Activity.
Authors: ZANARDO A. , MICHELIN R. A. , PINNA F. , STRUKUL G.
Published: May 2016

The epoxidation of 1‐octene with H2O2 is examined by using as catalysts the Pt complexes (I) and (II), where the diphosphine is systematically varied.
ChemInform Abstract: Nucleophilic Photosubstitutions of o‐Methoxynitrobenzenes.
Authors: BUNCE N. J. , LABONTE STEPHENSON K.
Published: May 2016

A new synthesis of 3‐nitroveratrole (IV) is given, based on the directed lithiation of veratrole (I).
ChemInform Abstract: Oxidation of Fluoroalkyl‐Substituted Carbinols by the Dess‐Martin Reagent.
Authors: LINDERMAN R. J. , GRAVES D. M.
Published: May 2016

The fluoroalkyl‐substituted carbinols (I), (III), and (V) are oxidized with the Dess‐Martin reagent to yield the corresponding ketones (II), (IV), or (VI).
ChemInform Abstract: Chemical Reactions in Surfactant Solutions. Part 2. Nucleophilic and Micellar Catalyses of Sodium 2‐Alkylbenzimidazole‐5‐sulfonates on Hydrolyses of Carboxylic Esters in Aqueous and CTABr Solutions.
Authors: HONG Y. S. , KIM J. B. , PARK H. H. , LEE D. R.
Published: May 2016

The hydrolysis of p‐nitrophenyl esters is influenced by the title alkylbenzimidazoles (I).
ChemInform Abstract: Alkylation of Methoxyallene with α‐Alkoxy‐β‐arylthioalkyl Chlorides.
Authors: SMOLYAKOVA I. P. , SMIT V. A.
Published: May 2016

The vinyl ethers (I) react with p‐toluenesulfenyl chloride (II) to give the α‐methoxy‐β‐tolylthioalkyl chlorides (III) which are coupled in situ with methoxyallene (IV), producing the compounds (V), (VII), and (VIII) depending on the nucleophile used during the work‐up procedure.
ChemInform Abstract: About the Mechanism of the Rearrangement of β‐Hydroxyalkyl Selenides to Ketones.
Authors: KRIEF A. , LABOUREUR J. L. , EVRARD G. , NORBERG B. , GUITTET E.
Published: May 2016

The diastereomeric β‐hydroxy selenides (III) and (IV), prepared from the cyclohexanone (I) and the α‐lithio selenide (II), undergo oxidative elimination reaction to form the α‐styrylcyclohexanol (V).
ChemInform Abstract: Free‐Radical Reactions of a (3.1.1)Propellane, 2,4‐Methano‐2,4‐didehydroadamantane.
Authors: MLINARIC‐MAJERSKI K. , MAJERSKI Z. , RAKVIN B. , VEKSLI Z.
Published: May 2016

Reaction of the title compound (I) with the symmetrical disulfides (II) yields the corresponding 2,4‐disulfenylated 2,4‐methanoadamantanes (III).
ChemInform Abstract: Ortho‐Functionalization of Aromatic Ketones via Manganation. A Synthesis of Indenols.
Authors: LIEBESKIND L. S. , GASDASKA J. R. , MCCALLUM J. S. , TREMONT S. J.
Published: May 2016

The manganese complex (III), obtained from acetophenone (I) and benzylpentacarbonylmanganese (II), reacts with the alkynes (IV) after activation with trimethylamine N‐oxide to form the indenols (V).
ChemInform Abstract: The Stereoselective Syntheses of Substituted Furo(2,3b)furans. Part 2.
Authors: VADER J. , SENGERS H. , DE GROOT A.
Published: May 2016

Starting from the bromoethanol (I), the furofuran (VIII) possessing the relative stereochemistry of the natural insect antifeedant clerodanes is prepared, the key step being the reaction of the α‐lithio nitrile derived from (IV) with the oxirane (V).
ChemInform Abstract: The Enantiomers of the Azole Fungicide HWG‐1608 ‐ Asymmetric Synthesis of a 2‐Hydroxyethyl Azole Fungicide.
Authors: KAULEN J.
Published: May 2016

Starting from the optically active (+)‐pulegone derivatives (I) or (V), the title compounds (S)‐(IV) and (R)‐(IV) are obtained on two routes via the diastereomeric intermediates (III) and (VII).
ChemInform Abstract: The Addition of Alkylzinc Iodides to 1‐(Phenoxycarbonyl)‐2,3‐dihydropyridinium Salts. A Synthesis of 2‐Alkyl‐δ3‐piperidines.
Authors: COMINS D. L. , FOLEY M. A.
Published: May 2016

4‐Methoxypyridine (I) reacts with potassium triisopropoxyboranate and phenyl chloroformate (II) to give the dihydropyridine derivative (III) which is converted to the tetrahydropiperidines (IX).
ChemInform Abstract: Efficient Preparation of cis‐Vicinal Tertiary Diamines from 2‐Hydroxy Ketones in Two Steps.
Authors: FRAENKEL G. , GALLUCCI J. , ROSENZWEIG H. S.
Published: May 2016

Ruhlmann condensation of dimethyl glutarate (I) with sodium and trimethylchlorosilane (II) produces 1,2‐bis(trimethylsiloxy)cyclopentene (III) which reacts with the amines (IV) to form the α‐amino ketones (V).
ChemInform Abstract: Stereoselective Synthesis of Substituted Pipecolic Acids.
Authors: ANGLE S. R. , ARNAIZ D. O.
Published: May 2016

The key steps in the formation of the piperidinecarboxylic acid (IX) are the acid‐induced ring closure of the N‐(2‐hydroxyalkyl)glycinate (IV) to give the lactone (V) and the thermal rearrangement of the semicyclic ketene acetal (VII), yielding the tetrahydropyridinecarboxylate (VIII).
ChemInform Abstract: Regiospecific Synthesis of Isoquinoline Alkaloids. Use of Arylsilanes in Directed Pictet‐Spengler Cyclizations.
Authors: MILLER R. B. , TSANG T.
Published: May 2016

m‐Anisaldehyde (I) is converted to the trimethylsilyl compound (III) which undergoes condensation reaction with nitromethane (IV) to give the β‐nitrostilbene (V).
ChemInform Abstract: Highly Diastereoselective Synthesis of Cyclic Nitronic Esters from 1‐(4‐Morpholinyl)‐1‐phenylpropene with Nitroolefins.
Authors: FELLUGA F. , NITTI P. , PITACCO G. , VALENTIN E.
Published: May 2016

The enamine (I) and enamines of cyclic ketones behave similarly in the reaction with the nitroolefins (II).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Coordination Properties of Bis(bis(pentafluoroethyl)phosphino)ethane.
Authors: ERNST M. F. , RODDICK D. M.
Published: May 2016

The title diphosphine (III) is prepared according to the scheme.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Phosphonates from α‐Hydroxy Carbonyl Compounds and Dialkyl Phosphorochloridites.
Authors: ROUSSIS V. , WIEMER D. F.
Published: May 2016

The α‐hydroxy ketones (Ia) and (VI) and the α‐siloxy ketone (Ib) react with the phosphorochloridite (II) in the presence of a Lewis acid, preferably FeCl3, to form the β‐keto phosphonates (III), (V), and (VII).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and NMR Investigations of Phosphiniminophosphonium Organofluorophosphate Salts.
Authors: BARTSCH R. , HARRIS R. K. , NORVAL E. M. , STADELMANN W. , STELZER O. , SCHMUTZLER R.
Published: May 2016

Reaction of the phosphanes (I), (V), and (VII) with trimethylsilyl azide (II) yields the iminophosphoranes (III), (VI), and (VIII) as the main products.
ChemInform Abstract: Nitrosothiourea: Its Reactivity with Metal Ions and Their Complexes.
Authors: PANDEY D. S. , AGARWALA U. C.
Published: May 2016

Reactions of the title compound (I) with 10 different metal ions in the presence of Py, 2,2'‐bipyridine or 1,10‐phenanthroline and with a few complexes of Ru, Rh, Ir, Pd and Pt are carried out under varying conditions.
ChemInform Abstract: cis‐1,4‐Cyclohexadienebisepisulfide Complexes of Chromium, Molybdenum and Tungsten Carbonyls: The X‐Ray Crystal Structure of Cyclic (Cr(CO)4(CHSCHCH2CHSCHCH2)).
Authors: ABEL E. W. , COOLEY N. A. , KITE K. , ORRELL K. G. , SIK V. , HURSTHOUSE M. B. , DAWES H. M.
Published: May 2016

The first metal carbonyl derivatives of a coordinated episulfide ring are reported.
ChemInform Abstract: Oxo‐Bridged Chromium(III) Dimers Derived from the Reactions of Anions (NCS‐, NCO‐, N‐ 3, CN‐, Cl‐) with the Bis(μ‐hydroxo)bis((tris(2‐pyridylmethyl)amine)chromium(III)) Ion.
Authors: GAFFORD B. G. , O'REAR C. , ZHANG J. H. , O'CONNOR C. J. , HOLWERDA R. A.
Published: May 2016

The linear oxo‐bridged dimers (III) are prepared through nucleophilic displacement of a hydroxo bridge from (I) by the incoming anionic ligand.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Structure of W2Cl4(μ‐(iPr2PCH2CH2CH2PiPr2))2: A Tungsten‐Tungsten Quadruple Bond Bridged by Bulky Chelating Diphosphines.
Authors: FRYZUK M. D. , KREITER C. G. , SHELDRICK W. S.
Published: May 2016

The reduction of WCl4 in the presence of the bulky diphosphine (I) yields (III) having a quadruple bond between the metal centers and a β structure, confirmed by 1H NMR data.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis, Kinetics, and Stereochemistry of the Aquation of cis‐(Chlorosulfitobis(ethylenediamine)cobalt(III)).
Authors: JACKSON W. G. , KUZMISSION A. G. , COOPER J. N. , HENRY J. C.
Published: May 2016

The synthesis of the title complex (IV) by direct substitution of aqueous sulfite to a solution of any of the complexes (I) or (II) is described.
ChemInform Abstract: Arene(phosphane)metal Complexes. Part 15. Synthesis of Neutral and Cationic Arene(carbonyl)metal Complexes of Ruthenium and Osmium with C6Me6Ru and C6H6Os as Building Blocks.
Authors: RODER K. , WERNER H.
Published: May 2016

The title complexes are prepared and analytical characterized for the first time (see scheme).
ChemInform Abstract: Multinuclear Magnetic Resonance Studies of the Reactions of Bidentate Ligands with Pt(S2CNEt2)2. Comparisons with the Reactions of Pt(S2P(OEt)2)2.
Authors: COLTON R. , EBNER J.
Published: May 2016

The reactions of the title complex with L‐L' = Ph2E(CH2)2PPh2 (E: P, As) and Ph2PCH2PPh2 in CH2Cl2 producing via intermediates the 1:1 bis(chelate) complexes ((η2‐L‐L')Pt(η2‐S2CNEt2))+ and, in the case of Ph2As(CH2)2PPh2 and Ph2PCH2PPh2, the 1:2 complexes ((η1‐L‐L')2Pt(η2‐S2CNEt2))+ are studied by multinuclear (31P, 195Pt) magnetic resonance technique.
ChemInform Abstract: Nitrile and Isocyanide Adducts of Oxygen‐Bridged Cationic Biscyclopentadienyl Titanium(IV) and Zirconium(IV) Fragments.
Authors: ASLAN H. , EGGERS S. H. , FISCHER R. D.
Published: May 2016

The well‐accessible new aquo complex salts (I) and ((π‐C5H5)2M(OH)(H2O)n)BPh4 (n = 2 or 3; M: Ti, Zr) can easily be dehydrated in high vac.
ChemInform Abstract: Organometallic Lewis Acids. Part 39. σ,π‐Ethynide Bridged Rhenium Iron Carbonyls ((OC)5Re(.mu±eta.1:η2‐CCR) Fe(CO)2Cp)+BF‐ 4 (R: Me, Ph).
Authors: FRITZ P. M. , POLBORN K. , STEIMANN M. , BECK W.
Published: May 2016

The σ,π‐ethynide bridged title complexes (III) are obtained by electrophilic substitution of ((η5‐C5H5)Fe(CO)2)+ from (I) by (Re(CO)5)+ according to the scheme.
ChemInform Abstract: Electrochemical Decarboxylation of L‐Threonine and Oligopeptide Derivatives with Formation of N‐Acyl‐N,O‐acetals: Preparation of Oligopeptides with Amide or Phosphonate C‐Terminus.
Authors: SEEBACH D. , CHARCZUK R. , GERBER C. , RENAUD P. , BERNER H. , SCHNEIDER H.
Published: May 2016

N‐protected di‐, tri‐ or tetrapeptides such as the dipeptides (I) undergo an anodic oxidative substitution of the ‐COOH by an ‐O‐Me group to give the N‐acyl N,O‐acetals (III).
ChemInform Abstract: Benzophenanthridines. Part 7. Synthesis of Benzo(b)phenanthridines with a Quinoid Ring C. 5‐Methyl‐ and 5,6‐Dimethyl‐5‐hydroxy‐2,3,9,10‐tetramethoxy‐5,6‐dihydrobenzo(b)phenanthridine‐7,12‐diones.
Authors: SLADKOV V. I. , MEDZHITOV D. R. , KHOKHLOV V. A. , SUVOROV N. N.
Published: May 2016

The preparation of the title compounds (Xa) and (Xb) is reported.
ChemInform Abstract: Phase Relations in the System NaIn‐Sn and the Crystal Structures of the Intermediate Compounds NaInSn2 and NaInSn4.
Authors: BLASE W. , CORDIER G. , KNIEP R. , SCHMIDT R.
Published: May 2016

The phase diagram of the quasibinary NaIn‐Sn system is determined and, except for Na2In2Sn3 which is stable only in the range 134‐365 °C, single crystals of the intermediate phases are grown from the melt and their structures are determined.
ChemInform Abstract: In Situ Raman Spectroscopy of High Temperature Pyrite Reactions Related to Deposit Formation from Coal.
Authors: MCCARTY K. F. , HAMILTON J. C. , BOEHME D. R. , NAGELBERG A. S.
Published: May 2016

In situ Raman spectroscopic results obtained for reactions of FeS2 in furnace and flame environments show that pyrite‐seeded and pyrite/sodium‐seeded flames produce α‐Fe2O3, NaFeO2, and mixed sulfates.
ChemInform Abstract: Spray Pyrolysis Deposition of In‐, Al‐, and Cu‐Doped ZnS Photoluminescent Films
Authors: ORTIZ A. , GARCIA M. , SANCHEZ A. , FALCONY C.
Published: May 2016

is performed on Pyrex glass slides, Pyrex glass coated with In2O3, and silicon oxide substrates using air as carrier gas.
ChemInform Abstract: Electrodeposition on Cuprate‐Based Superconductors in Nonaqueous Media.
Authors: ROSAMILIA J. M. , MILLER B.
Published: May 2016

It is demonstrated that metallic (Ag, Cu, Pb, Sn) protection layers can be electrodeposited on the high‐Tc superconductor YBa2Cu3O7 from non‐aqueous electrolytes based on organic solvents such as MeCN or MeOH.
ChemInform Abstract: Efficient Photoinduced Intramolecular Energy Transfer in an Oblique Bis(porphyrin) System.
Authors: CHARDON‐NOBLAT S. , SAUVAGE J.‐P. , MATHIS P.
Published: May 2016

The investigation of the emission data for the title complex (Vb) shows that in contrast to its absorption spectrum the emission spectrum of the mixed dimer is different from the superposition of the spectra of its constitutive parts.
ChemInform Abstract: Adsorption of Organorhodium Species on Metal Oxide Surfaces: Theoretical Aspects.
Authors: HALET J.‐F. , HOFFMANN R.
Published: May 2016

Tris(allyl)rhodium reacts with hydroxylated TiO2 and Al2O3 surfaces to produce the oxide‐bound derivative (I), which, upon addition of H2 forms the hydride species (II).
ChemInform Abstract: Dichloromethane Is a Coordinating Solvent.
Authors: NEWBOUND T. D. , COLSMAN M. R. , MILLER M. M. , WULFSBERG G. P. , ANDERSON O. P. , STRAUSS S. H.
Published: May 2016

The X‐ray structure analysis of the Ag(I) complex (IV) (space group P1, Z=1) confirms that CH2Cl2 can coordinate to metal ions, that both chlorine atoms can be used to form four‐membered chelate rings and, if a metal ion is unsaturated enough, that more than one CH2Cl2 molecule can coordinate to it.
ChemInform Abstract: Highly Reduced Porphyrins.
Authors: COSMO R. , KAUTZ C. , MEERHOLZ K. , HEINZE J. , MUELLEN K. +
Published: May 2016

The possibility to use an organic π system for storing charge by successive addition of electrons is investigated for the first time for porphyrins.
ChemInform Abstract: Mechanistic and Stereochemical Divergence in the Allylsilane‐Acetal Addition Reaction.
Authors: DENMARK S. E. , WILLSON T. M.
Published: May 2016

The mechanism of the addition reaction acetal + allylic silane/stannane to form homoallylic ethers is studied by using compounds of type (I).
ChemInform Abstract: Superjacent and Subjacent Orbitals Participations for Kinetically Controlled Cycloaddition Reactions of 2H‐Cyclohepta(b)furan‐2‐ones and 8,8‐Dicyanoheptafulvene to 2,3‐Bis(methoxycarbonyl)‐7‐oxabicyclo(2.2.1)heptadiene.
Authors: TIAN G. R. , SUGIYAMA S. , MORI A. , TAKESHITA H. , HIGASHI M. , YAMAGUCHI H.
Published: May 2016

Thermal cycloaddition of the cycloheptatrienes (I) or (VI) with the oxabicyclo(2.2.1)heptadiene (II) gives mixtures of the (4 + 2) cycloadducts (III) and (V) or (VII) and (IX) and the cycloreversion products (IV) or (VIII).
ChemInform Abstract: 2H‐Azirines and 2‐(ω‐Cyanoalkyl)furans as Novel Photoproducts from (n)(2,6)Pyridinophane N‐Oxides and Their Role During Photoreaction.
Authors: WEBER H. , ROHN T.
Published: May 2016

The N‐oxides (I) are prepared from the respective pyridinophanes (MCPBA/CHCl3; yield 36‐60%).
ChemInform Abstract: ESR and Optical Studies of Solute n‐Alkane Cations Formed in γ‐Irradiated n‐Pentane and n‐Hexane Matrices
Authors: ICHIKAWA T. , SHIOTANI M. , OHTA N. , KATSUMATA S.
Published: May 2016

(e.g.
ChemInform Abstract: Thiono‐ and Dithio Esters. Part 47. α,β‐Unsaturated Thionoand Dithio Esters by Condensation Reactions.
Authors: HARTKE K. , KUNZE O.
Published: May 2016

Starting from the aldehydes (I) or (IV), a series of the title compounds is obtained either by Horner‐Wittig (→ (III)) or by Peterson (→ (VI)) reaction.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 2‐Butenolide and Tetronic Acid Analogues of Thiolactomycin.
Authors: STILL I. W. J. , DREWERY M. J.
Published: May 2016

The α‐bromomethylacrylate (II) reacts with the silylated compound (Ia) to give the butyrolactone (III) which rearranges to form the endocyclic butenolide (IVa).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 2‐Amino‐4‐imino‐4,5‐dihydrothiazoles from N‐Sulfonyl‐α‐chloroamidines and Thiourea.
Authors: ABDELAAL S. M. , BAUER L.
Published: May 2016

The chloroamidine hydrochlorides (III), prepared from chloroacetonitrile (I), are N‐tosylated, yielding the N‐sulfonyl‐α‐chloroamidines (V).
ChemInform Abstract: Compounds with Potential Antitumor Activity. Part 7. Synthesis and Antitumor Activity of 1‐Aryl‐N,N′‐di(1,3,4‐thiadiazol‐2‐yl)methylenediamines.
Authors: CHIMIRRI A. , GRASSO S. , MONFORTE P. , FENECH G. , ZAPPALA M. , MONFORTE A.‐M.
Published: May 2016

The title compounds, e.g. (IIIb)‐(IIId), and the known thiadiazole derivative (IIIa) are active against leukemia P388 in mice.
ChemInform Abstract: β‐Carbolines Derived from β‐Methyltryptophan and a Stereoselective Synthesis of (2RS,3SR)‐β‐Methyltryptophan Methyl Ester.
Authors: BEHFOROUZ M. , ZARRINMAYEH H. , OGLE M. E. , RIEHLE T. J. , BELL F. W.
Published: May 2016

The synthesis of the methyltryptophan ester (IV) is optimized.
ChemInform Abstract: Pyridazines. Part 44. Novel Heteroaromatic Analogues of o‐Aminobenzophenones ‐ Preparation and Cyclization to Diazaacridone Derivatives.
Authors: GRABENWOEGER M. + , HAIDER N. , HEINISCH G.
Published: May 2016

Nucleophilic displacement of the fluorine atom of (I) occurs on treatment with the primary amines (II) to afford the novel ketones (III) in fair to high yields.
ChemInform Abstract: Ethyl Chloroformate/DMF in Organic Synthesis. Part 1. A Novel Reagent for Ring Closure of 5‐Amino‐1‐aryl‐4‐imidazolecarboxamides to Their Hypoxanthine Derivatives.
Authors: EL‐BAYOUKI K. A. M. , EL‐SAYED A. S. , BASYOUNI W. M.
Published: May 2016

The reaction between the 5‐amino‐4‐imidazolecarboxamides (I) and a mixture of DMF (II) and ethyl chloroformate proceeds under comparatively mild conditions to afford the hypoxanthine derivatives (III) instead of the expected xanthines.
ChemInform Abstract: Studies on Pyrazines. Part 17. An Efficient Synthesis of Pteridine‐6‐carboxylic Acids.
Authors: SATO N. , SAITO N.
Published: May 2016

The furylglyoxal oxime (VII), prepared from the furyloxopropionate (III), undergoes cyclocondensation with aminomalononitrile tosylate (VIII) to form the furylpyrazine 1‐oxide (IX).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis, Physicochemical Properties and Biological Studies of Some Substituted 2‐Alkoxy‐4‐methyl‐morpholines.
Authors: REKKA E. , KOUROUNAKIS P.
Published: May 2016

Compounds of type (III) and (V) demonstrate, depending on the doses, a series of symptoms, e.g. hyperkinesia, convulsions and coma.
ChemInform Abstract: Acid‐Induced Reactions of a Sydnone Ketoxime.
Authors: SALJOUGHIAN M. , TURNBULL K.
Published: May 2016

The E‐ and Z‐configurated sydnone ketoximes (I) are treated with sulfonic acids or PPA to give the benzimidazole (II) or the benzotriazole (III).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Reactions of 1,2‐Fused 3‐Cyanoindolizines.
Authors: MATSUMOTO K. , UCHIDA T. , AOYAMA K. , NISHIKAWA M. , KURODA T. , OKAMOTO T.
Published: May 2016

The pyridinium dicyanomethylides (I) react with dehydrobenzene, generated from diphenyliodonium 2‐carboxylate (II), to give the indolizines (III) mentioned in the title, together with minor amounts of the pentacycles (IV).
ChemInform Abstract: Two Step Redox Systems. Part 52. 2,2′‐Bipyridylboronium Salts.
Authors: HUENIG S. + , WEHNER I.
Published: May 2016

The bipyridylboronium salts (IV) and (V) are synthesized and their redox potentials and semiquinone formation constants are determined.
ChemInform Abstract: Reactivity of Hypervalent Silicon Derivatives. One‐Step Synthesis of Mono‐ and Dihydrogenosilanes.
Authors: BOUDIN A. , CERVEAU G. , CHUIT C. , CORRIU R. J. P. , REYE C.
Published: May 2016

The anionic silicon complexes (I) and (IV) react with the primary alkyl Grignard compounds (II), activated by titanocene dichloride, to form the monohydrogenosilanes (III) and (V) as the main products.
ChemInform Abstract: Diverse Reaction Courses in the Controlled Carbometalation of Heterocumulenes with Zirconium‐Diene Complexes and Molecular Structures of Carbon Dioxide, Isocyanate, and Ketene 1:1 and 1:2 Inserted Compounds.
Authors: YASUDA H. , OKAMOTO T. , MATSUOKA Y. , NAKAMURA A. , KAI Y. , KANEHISA N. , KASAI N.
Published: May 2016

The carbometalation of various heterocumulenes (CO2, isocyanates, ketenes) is systematically investigated by using a series of Zr‐diene complexes of the type ZrL2(s‐cis‐diene) and ZrL2(s‐trans‐diene) (L: η5‐C5H5, η5‐C5Me5; diene: butadiene, isoprene) to clarify the essential factors in determining the regio‐ and stereochemistry of the products.
ChemInform Abstract: Lewis Base Adducts of Uranium Triiodide: A New Class of Synthetically Useful Precursors for Trivalent Uranium Chemistry.
Authors: CLARK D. L. , SATTELBERGER A. P. , BOTT S. G. , VRTIS R. N.
Published: May 2016

A slight excess of clean uranium turnings reacts with freshly sublimed elemental iodine in THF at 0 °C to yield the air‐ and moisture‐sensitive pentagonal‐bipyramidal U(III) compound (I) (65% yield).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis, Characterization, and Aqueous Proton Relaxation Enhancement of a Manganese(II) Heptaaza Macrocyclic Complex Having Pendant Arms.
Authors: WAGNON B. K. , JACKELS S. C.
Published: May 2016

The preparation of (I) is carried out via template condensation of diacetylpyridine and N,N,N',N'‐tetrakis(2‐aminoethyl)ethylenediamine in the presence of Mn2+ in EtOH.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis, X‐Ray Crystal Structure, and Magnetic Properties of Two Dinuclear Manganese(II) Compounds Containing Nitronyl Nitroxides, Imino Nitroxides, and Their Reduced Derivatives.
Authors: CANESCHI A. , GATTESCHI D. , LAUGIER J. , REY P. , ZANCHINI C.
Published: May 2016

The nitronyl nitroxide (I) is reduced in the reaction with the Mn(II) complex (II) leading to a complex (P1, Z=2) consisting of (III) and a second different centrosymmetric unit which contains two radicals (I).
ChemInform Abstract: Triple Decker Complexes. Part 7. Triple Decker Complexes as Intermediates in Ring Ligand Transfers.
Authors: HERBERICH G. E. , DUNNE B. A. , HESSNER B.
Published: May 2016

Hitherto it was known that ring ligands are transferred via intermediates containing monofacial bridged ligands.
ChemInform Abstract: Coupling of Epoxides with Carbon Dioxide at Pt(II) Complexes and the Structure of a Cyclic Metallacarbonate.
Authors: AYE K.‐T. , FERGUSON G. , LOUGH A. J. , PUDDEPHATT R. J.
Published: May 2016

Simple epoxides such as (II) are oxidatively added to (I).
ChemInform Abstract: Photoinduced Molecular Transformations. Part 102. The Photoinduced Removal of Nitro Groups from Steroidal 6‐Membered α,α′‐Dinitro Cyclic Ketones.
Authors: SUGINOME H. , KUROKAWA Y.
Published: May 2016

Dinitration of the 5β‐cholestanone (I) yields the dinitrocholestanone (III), which is in equilibrium with its enol form (IV).
ChemInform Abstract: Stereospecificity and Regiospecificity of the Phosphorus Oxychloride Dehydration of Sterol Side Chain Alcohols.
Authors: GINER J.‐L. , MARGOT C. , DJERASSI C.
Published: May 2016

Dehydration of the epimeric 23‐alcohols (I) in the (24R)‐stigmastane series using phosphorus oxychloride proceeds stereo‐ and regiospecifically to give the E‐ and Z‐stigmasta‐5,23‐dien‐3β‐ols (II) after deprotection.
ChemInform Abstract: A Simple Preparation of Nτ‐Methyl‐L‐histidine.
Authors: BARLOS K. , HONDRELIS J. , LONERGAN G. , MATSOUKAS J. , SANIDA C.
Published: May 2016

The title compound (III) is prepared in two steps by a novel procedure.
ChemInform Abstract: A Convenient Stereoselective Synthesis of α‐Glycosyl Esters.
Authors: BARRETT A. G. M. , BEZUIDENHOUDT B. C. B.
Published: May 2016

Acylation of the tetra‐O‐benzyl‐D‐glucopyranose (IV) with the 2‐acylthio‐3‐nitropyridines (III) results predominantly in the formation of the α‐glycosyl esters (V).
ChemInform Abstract: Chemoenzymatic Preparation of trans‐2,6‐Dialkylpiperidines and of Other Azacycle Building Blocks. Total Synthesis of (+)‐Desoxoprosopinine.
Authors: CIUFOLINI M. A. , HERMANN C. W. , WHITMIRE K. H. , BYRNE N. E.
Published: May 2016

The oxazolones (II) are prepared in either antipodal form (> 95% e.e.) by a known simple chemoenzymatic method involving optical resolution of (I) with papain and subsequent aza‐Achmatowicz reaction.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Thienylacetylene Derivatives from Berkheya Species Through an Unusual Photochemical Approach.
Authors: D'AURIA M. , DE MICO A. , D'ONOFRIO F. , PIANCATELLI G.
Published: May 2016

The syntheses of the naturally occurring title compounds (III), (IV) and (VII) are reported.
A new feature extraction and attacking node classification framework using PDCFE‐HPSMM model in cognitive radio networks
Authors: Ramasamy Manjith
Published: May 2016

The increasing demand of wireless communication introduces a challenge to an effective spectrum utilization. In wireless communication systems, the Cognitive Radio (CR) has emerged as a new key technology to address this issue, which allows an opportunistic access to the spectrum. The CRs form a CRN by extending the radio link features to network layer functions. The existing CR based wireless communication techniques has some drawbacks such as, inability to differentiate interference or noise from primary signals, it does not distinguish the different types of noise, low performance, not effective in spread spectrum detection, long observation time and high computational cost. To overwhelm these disadvantages, a novel method, namely, partial distribution based cyclostationary feature extraction–hidden probability state Markov model (PDCFE‐HPSMM) is proposed in this work. The main intention of this technique is to extract the node features, classify the attacker nodes and predict the licensed and unlicensed bandwidth. At first, the CRN is formed with some set of CR nodes, and the communication links between the nodes are estimated. Then, the node features are extracted by employing the PDCFE technique. After that, the attacking nodes are classified based on those features with the help of a HPSMM classification technique. If the attacker is present in the network, the link between the attacking nodes to other nodes is disconnected; otherwise, the communication link is updated. In this work, the Rayleigh channels are used to predict the licensed and unlicensed bandwidth. Again, the HPSMM model is employed to optimally select the channel, and the scheduling technique is implemented to check the status of the channel for message transmission. If the channel is not busy, the message signals are multiplexed and transmitted to the receiver via the selected channel. The novel concept of this paper is, the proposed PDCFE technique extracts the features of the nodes in CRN; based on these features, the attacker nodes in the network are classified with the help of HPSMM technique. Moreover, the HPSMM is used to select the optimal channel for message transmission. The experimental results evaluate the performance of the proposed system in terms of bit error rate (BER), error rate, relay, false detection rate (FDR) and cumulative distribution function (CDF). Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Screening for eating disorders in outpatient smoking cessation: Feasibility, pertinence, and acceptance of referral to specific treatment
Authors: Simioni N. , Cottencin O.
Published: May 2016

Objective

To estimate (1) the feasibility and pertinence of implementing systematic screening for eating disorders (EDs) in outpatient smoking cessation (SC), and (2) the acceptance of a referral to ED‐specific treatment.

Methods

Tobacco smokers (N = 203) who consecutively underwent the initial assessment of a SC program were screened for an ED. Screen‐positive patients were administered the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview and received a referral to ED‐specific treatment using brief advice when identified with a current ED.

Results

Among the total sample, the prevalence of a current ED at baseline was 8.9% (men: 1/109, 0.9%; women: 17/94, 18.1%). The acceptance rate of referral to ED‐specific treatment was 17%, whereas having a current ED at baseline was significantly associated with a higher probability of dropping out of the SC program at 4 weeks (OR = 21.8, 95%CI: 3.0–161.2, P = 0.003).

Discussion

Screening for EDs in outpatient SC seems worthwhile and easily implementable, but patients who are identified with a current ED might not be prone to accept referral to specific treatment and tend to drop out early. This study underlines the need to explore this topic in larger clinical samples. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. (Int J Eat Disord 2016; 49:1018–1022)
Comparison between spatio‐temporal random processes and application to climate model data
Authors: Li Bo , Zhang Xianyang , Smerdon Jason E.
Published: May 2016

Comparing two spatio‐temporal processes are often a desirable exercise. For example, assessments of the difference between various climate models may involve the comparisons of the synthetic climate random fields generated as simulations from each model. We develop rigorous methods to compare two spatio‐temporal random processes both in terms of moments and in terms of temporal trend, using the functional data analysis approach. A highlight of our method is that we can compare the trend surfaces between two random processes, which are motivated by evaluating the skill of synthetic climate from climate models in terms of capturing the pronounced upward trend of real‐observational data. We perform simulations to evaluate our methods and then apply the methods to compare different climate models as well as to evaluate the synthetic temperature fields from model simulations, with respect to observed temperature fields. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Comparison of SemiQuantitative Cotinine Values Obtained by the DRI Immunoassay and Values Obtained by a Liquid Chromatography–Tandem Mass Spectrometry‐Based Method: The DRI Immunoassay is Suitable for Screening Purposes Only Because Semiquantitative Values May Be Unreliable
Authors: Dixon R. Brent , Dasgupta Amitava
Published: May 2016

Background

DRI cotinine assay is suitable only for screening for cotinine in urine specimens. We studied the reliability of DRI cotinine semiquantitative values by comparing them with the cotinine concentration obtained with a liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC‐MS/MS) method.

Methods

Semiquantitative cotinine concentrations in 39 urine specimens obtained by the DRI immunoassay were compared with cotinine concentrations obtained by LC‐MS/MS.

Results

The DRI cotinine assay consistently overestimated cotinine values obtained by the LC/MS/MS method (y = 1.1529 x + 252.24, n = 39, R2 = 0.8899) indicating that semiquantitative values obtained using the DRI assay may be unreliable. However, no false‐negative results were observed using the DRI assay.

Conclusion

DRI cotinine assay is suitable only for screening cotinine in urine specimens.
Necessary conditions and sufficient conditions of irregular shearlet frames
Authors: Jiang Shenming , Jiang Zetao , Zhang Shaoqin
Published: May 2016

In this paper, necessary conditions and sufficient conditions for the irregular shearlet systems to be frames are studied. We show that the irregular shearlet systems to possess upper frame bounds, the space‐scale‐shear parameters must be relatively separated. We prove that if the irregular shearlet systems possess the lower frame bound and the space‐scale‐shear parameters satisfy certain condition, then the lower shearlet density is strictly positive. We apply these results to systems consisting only of dilations, obtaining some new results relating density to the frame properties of these systems. We prove that for a feasible class of shearlet generators introduced by P. Kittipoom et al., each relatively separated sequence with sufficiently hight density will generate a frame. Explicit frame bounds are given. We also study the stability of shearlet frames and show that a frame generated by certain shearlet function remains a frame when the space‐scale‐shear parameters and the generating function undergo small perturbations. Explicit stability bounds are given. Using pseudo‐spline functions of type I and II, we construct a family of irregular shearlet frames consisting of compactly supported shearlets to illustrate our results.
Sulforaphane induces adipocyte browning and promotes glucose and lipid utilization
Authors: Zhang Hui Q. , Chen Shi Y. , Wang An S. , Yao An J. , Fu Jian F. , Zhao Jin S. , Chen Fen , Zou Zu Q. , Zhang Xiao H. , Shan Yu J. , Bao Yong P.
Published: May 2016

Scope

Obesity is closely related to the imbalance of white adipose tissue storing excess calories, and brown adipose tissue dissipating energy to produce heat in mammals. Recent studies revealed that acquisition of brown characteristics by white adipocytes, termed “browning,” may positively contribute to cellular bioenergetics and metabolism homeostasis. The goal was to investigate the putative effects of natural antioxidant sulforaphane (1‐isothiocyanate‐4‐methyl‐sulfonyl butane; SFN) on browning of white adipocytes.

Methods and results

3T3‐L1 mature white adipocytes were treated with SFN for 48 h, and then the mitochondrial content, function, and energy utilization were assessed. SFN was found to induce 3T3‐L1 adipocytes browning based on the increased mitochondrial content and activity of respiratory chain enzymes, whereas the mechanism involved the upregulation of nuclear factor E2‐related factor 2/sirtuin1/peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma coactivator 1 alpha signaling. SFN enhanced uncoupling protein 1 expression, a marker for brown adipocyte, leading to the decrease in cellular ATP. SFN also enhanced glucose uptake and oxidative utilization, lipolysis, and fatty acid oxidation in 3T3‐L1 adipocytes.

Conclusion

SFN‐induced browning of white adipocytes enhanced the utilization of cellular fuel, and application of SFN is a promising strategy to combat obesity and obesity‐related metabolic disorder.
Prevalence and Factors Associated With Postpartum Depression in Fathers: A Regional, Longitudinal Study in Japan
Authors: Suto Maiko , Isogai Emi , Mizutani Fumino , Kakee Naoko , Misago Chizuru , Takehara Kenji
Published: May 2016

Paternal postpartum depression may affect not only the mental health and wellbeing of fathers but their partners and children. We investigated the point and period prevalence of paternal postpartum depression and its association with factors measured during pregnancy in a regional longitudinal study in Nishio City, Aichi Prefecture, Japan, between December 1, 2012, and April 30, 2013. Data were collected once in pregnancy and five times in the first three months postpartum. The Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale was used to assess paternal depression, and data were collected in pregnancy on demographic and psychosocial factors. Of 215 fathers who returned at least one of the five postpartum assessments, 36 (17%) reported symptoms of depression in the first three months after birth. In logistic regression analyses, among a number of demographic and psychosocial characteristics that previously had been linked to paternal postpartum depression, only fathers' history of psychiatric treatment and depressive symptoms during pregnancy were associated with paternal depressive symptoms in the postnatal period. The results add to the growing body of evidence on prevalence of paternal postnatal depression and indicate that assessment and support for fathers are important starting in pregnancy. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Improving long term outcomes in urea cycle disorders‐report from the Urea Cycle Disorders Consortium
Authors: Waisbren Susan E. , Gropman Andrea L. ,   Members of the Urea Cycle Disorders Consortium (UCDC), Batshaw Mark L.
Published: May 2016

The Urea Cycle Disorders Consortium (UCDC) has conducted, beginning in 2006, a longitudinal study (LS) of eight enzyme deficiencies/transporter defects associated with the urea cycle. These include N‐acetylglutamate synthase deficiency (NAGSD); Carbamyl phosphate synthetase 1 deficiency (CPS1D); Ornithine transcarbamylase deficiency (OTCD); Argininosuccinate synthetase deficiency (ASSD) (Citrullinemia); Argininosuccinate lyase deficiency (ASLD) (Argininosuccinic aciduria); Arginase deficiency (ARGD, Argininemia); Hyperornithinemia, hyperammonemia, homocitrullinuria (HHH) syndrome (or mitochondrial ornithine transporter 1 deficiency [ORNT1D]); and Citrullinemia type II (mitochondrial aspartate/glutamate carrier deficiency [CITRIN]). There were 678 UCD patients enrolled in 14 sites in the U.S., Canada, and Europe at the writing of this paper. This review summarizes findings of the consortium related to outcome, focusing primarily on neuroimaging findings and neurocognitive function. Neuroimaging studies in late onset OTCD offered evidence that brain injury caused by biochemical dysregulation may impact functional neuroanatomy serving working memory processes, an important component of executive function and regulation. Additionally, there were alteration in white mater microstructure and functional connectivity at rest. Intellectual deficits in OTCD and other urea cycle disorders (UCD) vary. However, when neuropsychological deficits occur, they tend to be more prominent in motor/performance areas on both intelligence tests and other measures. In some disorders, adults performed significantly less well than younger patients. Further longitudinal follow‐up will reveal whether this is due to declines throughout life or to improvements in diagnostics (especially newborn screening) and treatments in the younger generation of patients.
Räumliche Praktiken der Energiewende am Beispiel der Biogaserzeugung in Rheinland-Pfalz
Authors: Faller Fabian
Published: May 2016

Die Energiewende ist seit einigen Jahren Gegenstand intensiver akademischer Debatten. Ein Schwerpunkt liegt dabei auf regionalen Transformationen von konventionellen zu erneuerbaren Energiesystemen. Diese Regionen werden oft als Handlungsräume zwischen der lokalen und nationalen Ebene definiert und Transformationsprozesse werden in oder zwischen solchen Regionen analysiert. Gegenstand des vorliegenden Beitrags ist es, die Prozesse zu verstehen, die die Energieregionen hervorbringen. Wie werden sie konstituiert und transformiert? Welche geographischen Aspekte sind dabei bedeutsam? Eine qualitative Fallstudie über die Biogaserzeugung im westlichen Rheinland-Pfalz untersucht verschiedene Praktiken sowie Routinen der Energieerzeuger und beleuchtet die Entstehung, Stabilisierung und Veränderung von Energieregionen. Problemzentrierte Interviews mit 20 Anlagenbetreibern dienen als empirische Grundlage, um Aufschluss über individuelle Wahrnehmungen von Routinen und Praktiken zu gewinnen. Die Ergebnisse aus den Einzelfallstudien können zu übergeordneten Erkenntnissen generalisiert werden und zeigen, wie sich im Lauf der Zeit Praktiken, ihre räumliche Relevanz und ihre Bedeutung für die Energiewende verändern. Der Beitrag zeigt, dass sowohl individuelle (praktisches Wissen, kognitive Voraussetzungen) als auch strukturelle Kontexte (Zugang zu und Verfügbarkeit von Wissen, bestehende Netzwerke und politische Rahmenwerke) für die räumliche Bedeutung von Transformationspraktiken wichtig sind. So wird ersichtlich, dass über die Zeit Energieregionen verändert werden, von eher subjektiven Räumen hin zu regionalen Netzwerkräumen mit ko-lokalisierten Akteuren und gemeinsamen Lerneffekten.