bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Histamine Stimulates Ciliary Beat Frequency via the H2 Receptor in the ProtochordateBotryllus schlosseri
Authors: Cima Francesca , Franchi Nicola
Published: May 2016

Histamine is a biogenic molecule that plays a role in many physiological pathways via binding to a specific receptor. Histaminergic receptors belong to the large family of seven‐transmembrane α‐helix domain receptors classified in mammals into four distinct classes: H1, H2, H3, and H4. Despite being widely studied in vertebrates, few data are available on the invertebrate receptors, with only predicted H1 and H2 sequences for nonchordate deuterostomes. Here, we report the first characterized transcript sequence for an H2 receptor from the colonial ascidianBotryllus schlosseri, describing the localization of both transcript and protein during blastogenic development through in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry. Its phylogenetic relationships with deuterostome orthologous proteins are reported, its role in ciliary beat frequency (CBF) in cultured stigma cells of the branchial basket is outlined, and the effects of histamine and its receptor agonists and antagonists are analyzed. In the presence of increasing concentrations of histamine in the medium, CBF increases similarly to the selective H2 receptor agonist dimaprit. In contrast, ranitidine, which is an inhibitor of the H2 receptor, causes a significant inhibition of CBF, similar to that observed after preincubation with the specific anti‐BsHRH2 or the anti‐human HRH2 antibody. In cells bordering the branchial basket stigmata, both antibodies colocalize in the proximal region of the ciliary plasmalemma, and histamine is present inside vesicles of the apical region, thus supporting the hypothesis of a histamine‐binding H2 receptor control of the pharyngeal mucociliary transport similar to that of the upper respiratory tract and middle ear in mammals.
On the Density of Transitive Tournaments
Authors: Coregliano Leonardo Nagami , Razborov Alexander A.
Published: May 2016

We prove that for every fixed k, the number of occurrences of the transitive tournament Trk of order k in a tournament  on n vertices is asymptotically minimized when  is random. In the opposite direction, we show that any sequence of tournaments  achieving this minimum for any fixed  is necessarily quasirandom. We present several other characterizations of quasirandom tournaments nicely complementing previously known results and relatively easily following from our proof techniques.
Highly Connected Infinite Digraphs Without Edge‐Disjoint Back and Forth Paths Between a Certain Vertex Pair
Authors: Joó Attila
Published: May 2016

We construct for all a k‐edge‐connected digraph D with such that there are no edge‐disjoint and paths. We use in our construction “self‐similar” graphs which technique could be useful in other problems as well.
Investigation of the Reactions of Indole‐2,3‐diones with Biuret: A Novel Approach for the Synthesis of Spiro[indole‐triazines]
Authors: Kumar Deepak , Sharma Lokesh K. , Sharma Kanti , Jain Renuka
Published: May 2016

Reactions of indole‐2,3‐diones with biuret afforded 1,3‐dihydro‐3‐ureidoformimido‐2H‐indol‐2‐ones and spiro[3H‐indole‐3,2′(1′H)‐(1,3,5)triazine]‐2,4′,6′(1H,3′H,5′H)‐triones indicated these to be solvent dependent. The chemical structures of the products were elucidated by their comprehensive spectroscopic (IR, 1H‐NMR, 13C‐NMR, 19F‐NMR, and Mass) as well as analytical analysis.
Advanced compensation technologies for large‐sized UHD OLED TVs
Authors: Takasugi Shinji , Shin Hong‐Jae , Chang Min‐Kyu , Ko Sam‐Min , Park Hyo‐Jin , Lee Jeong‐Pyo , Kim Han‐Seop , Oh Chang‐Ho
Published: May 2016

In this paper, we present novel organic light‐emitting diode (OLED) display panel compensation technologies for large‐sized ultra‐high‐definition OLED TVs considering variations of threshold voltage, mobility, channel size, OLED efficiency, and OLED uniformity. Using these technologies, we have successfully launched 55‐, 65‐ and 77‐in. ultra‐high‐definition OLED TVs.
Fast and effective low‐temperature freezing extraction technique to determine organotin compounds in edible vegetable oil
Authors: Liu Yingxia , Ma Yaqian , Wan Yiqun , Guo Lan , Wan Xiaofen
Published: May 2016

Most organotin compounds that have been widely used in food packaging materials and production process show serious toxicity effects to human health. In this study, a simple and low‐cost method based on high‐performance liquid chromatography with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry for the simultaneous determination of four organotins in edible vegetable oil samples was developed. Four organotins including dibutyltin dichloride, tributyltin chloride, diphenyltin dichloride, and triphenyltin chloride were simultaneously extracted with methanol using the low‐temperature precipitation process. After being concentrated, the extracts were purified by matrix solid‐phase dispersion using graphitized carbon black. The experimental parameters such as extraction solvent and clean‐up material were optimized. To evaluate the accuracy of the new method, the recoveries were investigated. In addition, a liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry method was also proposed for comparison. The procedures of extracting and purifying samples for the analysis were simple and easy to perform batch operations, also showed good efficiency with lower relative standard deviation. The limits of detection of the four organotins were 0.28–0.59 μg/L, and the limits of quantification of the four organotins were 0.93–1.8 μg/L, respectively. The proposed method was successfully applied to the simultaneous analysis of the four organotins in edible vegetable oil. Some analytes were detected at the level of 2.5–28.8 μg/kg.
Head and neck microvascular free flap reconstruction: An analysis of unplanned readmissions
Authors: Carniol Eric T. , Marchiano Emily , Brady Jacob S. , Merchant Aziz M. , Eloy Jean Anderson , Baredes Soly , Park Richard Chan Woo
Published: May 2016

Objectives/Hypothesis

Unplanned readmissions within 30 days of surgery represent a significant marker for healthcare quality. Small institutional studies have described rates of readmission for patients undergoing head and neck free flap reconstruction. However, large, multi‐institutional analyses have not previously been described.

Study Design

Retrospective study of cases from the American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program database.

Methods

Patients who underwent free flap reconstruction of the head and neck from 2011 to 2013 were identified. Univariate and multivariate analyses of unplanned readmission based on patient, laboratory, and hospital course characteristics were conducted.

Results

In total, 1,238 patients who underwent head and neck microvascular free flap reconstruction were included within the database, of which 1,204 patients had information pertaining to readmission. Overall 30‐day readmission rate was 9.6%. A multivariate analysis of preoperative variables demonstrated that leukocytosis, diabetes mellitus, and hyponatremia were all associated with increased rates of readmission (odds ratio 2.224, 1.843, and 1.7423, respectively). A similar analysis of postoperative variables demonstrated that wound‐related complications (surgical site infections and wound disruption), perioperative blood transfusion, and sepsis were associated with an increased rate of readmission.

Conclusion

In patients with microvascular free flap reconstruction of the head and neck, the 30‐day readmission rate was 9.6%. Preoperative diabetes mellitus, hyponatremia, and leukocytosis were associated with an increased rate of 30‐day readmissions. Postoperative complications, particularly wound infections, perioperative blood transfusions, and sepsis, were found to be significant contributors to readmission.

Level of Evidence

4. Laryngoscope, 2016 127:325–330, 2017
Utility of brain MRI in children with sleep‐disordered breathing
Authors: Selvadurai Sarah , Al‐Saleh Suhail , Amin Reshma , Zweerink Allison , Drake James , Propst Evan J. , Narang Indra
Published: May 2016

Objectives/Hypothesis

To investigate the utility of a brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in children with sleep‐disordered breathing (SDB), classified as isolated obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) in the absence of adenotonsillar hypertrophy, persistent OSA following adenotonsillectomy, isolated central sleep apnea (CSA) of unclear etiology, OSA with coexisting CSA of unclear etiology, or unexplained nocturnal hypoventilation (NH).

Study Design

Retrospective chart review of polysomnography (PSG) and brain MRI data.

Methods

Children with PSG evidence of SDB, as described above, and who subsequently had their first brain MRI, were included. PSG, MRI data, and subsequent interventions were recorded.

Results

A total of 59 of 6,087 (1%) children met inclusion criteria. Of those, 28 of 59 (47%) were nonsyndromic children and 31 of 59 (53%) were syndromic children with an underlying medical disorder. Abnormal brain MRI findings were observed in 19 of 59 (32%) children, where eight of 19 (42%) were nonsyndromic and 11 of 19 (58%) were syndromic. Abnormal brain MRI findings were most common in syndromic children with combined OSA and CSA without adenotonsillar hypertrophy. Isolated OSA was also a common PSG finding associated with an abnormal brain MRI. Of the nonsyndromic children with an abnormal brain MRI, the most common abnormal brain MRI finding was Chiari malformation (CM), observed in 88% of the group. A brainstem tumor was identified in one nonsyndromic child. Interventions following brain MRI included neurosurgery, chemotherapy, and noninvasive positive pressure ventilation (NiPPV).

Conclusion

A brain MRI is an important diagnostic tool in syndromic and nonsyndromic children, especially in children with either isolated OSA or combined OSA and CSA without a clear etiology.

Level of Evidence

4. Laryngoscope, 2016 127:513–519, 2017
Cecal microbiota of Tibetan Chickens from five geographic regions were determined by 16S rRNA sequencing
Authors: Zhou Xueyan , Jiang Xiaosong , Yang Chaowu , Ma Bingcun , Lei Changwei , Xu Changwen , Zhang Anyun , Yang Xin , Xiong Qi , Zhang Peng , Men Shuai , Xiang Rong , Wang Hongning
Published: May 2016

Tibetan Chickens should have unique gastrointestinal microbiota because of their particular habitats. Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate the cecal microbiota of Tibetan Chickens from five typical high‐altitude regions of China. Lohmann egg‐laying hens (LMs) and Daheng broiler chickens (DHs) were chosen as controls. The cecal bacterial populations of Tibetan Chickens were surveyed by high‐throughput sequencing (HTS) of the bacterial 16S rRNA hypervariable region V3‐V4 (16S rRNAV3‐V4) combined with community‐fingerprinting analysis of the 16S rRNA gene based on polymerase chain reaction‐denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (PCR‐DGGE). The results revealed that the majority of cecal microbiota differed between the Tibetan Chicken and LM/DH. The microbial communities in the cecum were composed of 16 phyla, 28 classes, 36 orders, 57 families, 101 genera, and 189 species. Represented phyla were Bacteroidetes (>47%), Firmicutes (>18.8%), Spirochaetae (>0.3%), and Proteobacteria (>0.4%). Bacteroides and the RC9 gut group were the two most abundant genera. There were relatively more Christensenellaceae, Subdoligranulum, Spirochaeta, and Treponema in Tibetan Chickens, whereas there were more Phascolarctobacterium, Faecalibacterium, Megamonas, and Desulfovibrio in LMs and DHs. The cecal microbiota of Tibetan Chicken have slightly diverged due to exposure to different geographic environments. Differences in the intestinal bacterial communities of Tibetan Chicken and LM/DH were noted.
Population balance in confined comminution using a physically based probabilistic approach for polydisperse granular materials
Authors: Ovalle C. , Voivret C. , Dano C. , Hicher P.‐Y.
Published: May 2016

A novel, simplified approach is presented in order to compute variations of grading in granular assemblies during confined comminution under quasi‐static compression. The method is based on a population balance equation and requires a breakage probability, considered here as a probabilistic phenomenon that takes into account the particle strength and the loading condition of individual grains. Under basic assumptions, a simple breakage probability can be defined in order to get a valuable result for engineering applications and powder technology. The size effect in the strength of individual particles is introduced according to Weibull's theory. The particle loading and the cushioning effect in the granular packing are accounted for by considering the orientations of the contact forces obtained from 3D discrete element method simulations of highly polydisperse materials. The method proposed could have a value for engineering purposes in powder technology and geomechanics and gives a general framework for further research developments based on population balance. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Prediction of apparent properties with uncertain material parameters using high‐order fictitious domain methods and PGD model reduction
Authors: Legrain Gregory , Chevreuil Mathilde , Takano Naoki
Published: May 2016

This contribution presents a numerical strategy to evaluate the effective properties of image‐based microstructures in the case of random material properties. The method relies on three points: (1) a high‐order fictitious domain method; (2) an accurate spectral stochastic model; and (3) an efficient model‐reduction method based on the proper generalized decomposition in order to decrease the computational cost introduced by the stochastic model. A feedback procedure is proposed for an automatic estimation of the random effective properties with a given confidence. Numerical verifications highlight the convergence properties of the method for both deterministic and stochastic models. The method is finally applied to a real 3D bone microstructure where the empirical probability density function of the effective behaviour could be obtained. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Accuracy of a composite implicit time integration scheme for structural dynamics
Authors: Zhang Jie , Liu Yinghua , Liu Donghuan
Published: May 2016

A comprehensive study of the two sub‐steps composite implicit time integration scheme for the structural dynamics is presented in this paper. A framework is proposed for the convergence accuracy analysis of the generalized composite scheme. The local truncation errors of the acceleration, velocity, and displacement are evaluated in a rigorous procedure. The presented and proved accuracy condition enables the displacement, velocity, and acceleration achieving second‐order accuracy simultaneously, which avoids the drawback that the acceleration accuracy may not reach second order. The different influences of numerical frequencies and time step on the accuracy of displacement, velocity, and acceleration are clarified. The numerical dissipation and dispersion and the initial magnitude errors are investigated physically, which measure the errors from the algorithmic amplification matrix's eigenvalues and eigenvectors, respectively. The load and physically undamped/damped cases are naturally accounted. An optimal algorithm‐Bathe composite method (Bathe and Baig, 2005; Bathe, 2007; Bathe and Noh, 2012) is revealed with unconditional stability, no overshooting in displacement, velocity, and acceleration, and excellent performance compared with many other algorithms. The proposed framework also can be used for accuracy analysis and design of other multi‐sub‐steps composite schemes and single‐step methods under physical damping and/or loading. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A new finite element for thick laminates and sandwich structures using a generalized and unified plate theory
Authors: Caliri Mauricio F. , Ferreira Antonio J. M. , Tita Volnei
Published: May 2016

The contribution of this work is the implementation of a new elastic solution method for thick laminated composites and sandwich structures based on a generalized unified formulation using finite elements. A quadrilateral four‐node element was developed and evaluated using an in‐house finite element program. The C‐1 continuity requirements are fulfilled for the transversal displacement field variable. This method is tagged as Caliri's generalized formulation. The results employing the proposed solution method yielded coherent results with deviations as low as 0.05% for a static simply supported symmetric laminate and 0.5% for the modal analyses of a soft core sandwich structure. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Characterizations of B and N heteroatoms as substitutional doping on structure, stability, and aromaticity of novel heterofullerenes evolved from the smallest fullerene cage C20: a density functional theory perspective
Authors: Soleimani Amiri Somayeh , Koohi Maryam , Mirza Behrooz
Published: May 2016

The structural stabilities and electronic properties of C20 fullerene and some its incorporated boron and nitrogen derivatives are probed at B3LYP/AUG‐cc‐pVTZ level of theory. According to density functional theory results, the topology of inserted B or N heteroatoms in [20]‐fullerene perturbs strongly the stability, energy, geometry, charge, polarity, nucleus‐independent chemical shifts, aromaticity, and highest‐occupied molecular orbital and lowest‐unoccupied molecular orbital (HOMO–LUMO) gap of the resulting heterofullerenes. Vibrational frequency (υmin) calculations show that except N10C10, all other BbNnC20‐(b + n) heterofullerenes with b, and n = 0, 4, 5, 8, and 10 are true minima. The calculated band gaps (∆EHOMO–LUMO) of B8C12, and N8C12 (2.86 eV), show them the most stable heterofullerenes against electronic excitations. While 10 B substituting in equatorial position increase the conductivity of B10C10 through decreasing its band gaps, 10 N doping in equatorial position enhance stability of N10C10 against electronic excitations via increasing its band gaps. High natural bond orbital and Mulliken charge transfer on the surfaces of B atoms, especially B5N5C10with five B–N bonds in the equatorial position, provokes further investigation on its possible application for hydrogen storage. Nucleus‐independent chemical shift values show that B5N5C10 is the most aromatic species. The calculated heat of atomization per carbon (ΔHat/C) of B8C12 shows it the most thermodynamic stable heterofullerenes of each. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Water‐soluble fluorescent polymers that respond to singlet oxygen
Authors: Altinok Esra , Frausto Fanny , Thomas Samuel W.
Published: May 2016

Although acenes with more than three fused rings can both fluoresce efficiently and react with singlet oxygen (1O2) rapidly, their hydrophobic nature presents a challenge to their use in aqueous environments. Herein we report a series of fluorescent, water‐soluble random copolymers that each comprise (oligoethylene glycol) methacrylate (OEGMA) and one of several diarylacene methacrylates, including a tetracene methacrylate and a tetraceneothiophene methacrylate. Exposure to 1O2 in water oxidizes the pendant acenes, resulting in diminution of their fluorescence intensities. The observed rate of oxidation of the tetracene‐containing polymers compares favorably with a commercial 1O2‐sensitive dye. Polymers that also include energy‐donating coumarin side chains show ratiometric fluorescence changes in response to 1O2. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2016, 54, 2526–2535
Towards multifunctional heterostructured materials: ZnO nanowires growth on mesoscale periodically patterned Si
Authors: Gokarna Anisha , Gwiazda Agnieszka , Kadiri Hind , Rumyantseva Anna , Nomenyo Komla , Aad Roy , Lerondel Gilles
Published: May 2016

We report the growth of ZnO nanowires on mesoscale periodically patterned silicon. The aim of this work is to go towards fabrication of multifunctional heterostructured materials for increasing the specific surface area and light absorption properties. ZnO nanowires (NWs) were grown by chemical bath deposition technique on patterned silicon. Silicon patterning was conducted by two methods, namely, laser interference lithography and nanosphere lithography. We have studied the structural and optical properties of the ZnO NWs grown on these silicon patterns. (© 2016 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Approach Behaviour, Stress and Substance Use in Young Adults
Authors: Hinnant J. Benjamin , Forman‐Alberti Alissa B. , Aquino Ana K. , Szollos Sebastian , Degnan Kathryn A.
Published: May 2016

We investigated the interaction between approach behaviours (measured through performance on a resource‐gathering task) and self‐reported global life stress to predict substance use. Our hypothesis that high levels of approach behaviour in combination with high life stress would predict elevated substance use was guided by the reinforcement sensitivity theory (Gray & McNaughton, ). Ninety‐three young adult students (61 women and 32 men) completed a computerized resource‐gathering task and questionnaires assessing global life stress and substance use. Consistent with the hypothesis, approach behaviour was positively related to substance use for individuals with high life stress. The findings suggest that person by environment interactions are useful in understanding substance use and we discuss how approach‐motivated individuals may arrive at different substance use outcomes as a function of stressful contexts. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Septuagenarians and Older Patients are at a Higher Risk of Mortality with Adrenal Metastasectomy: An Analysis of the HCUP‐NIS Database From 1992 to 2011
Authors: McManus Catherine , Wingo Matthew , Chabot John A. , Lee James A. , Kuo Jennifer H.
Published: May 2016

Introduction

Small institutional studies have shown that adrenalectomy to remove solitary metastases to the adrenal gland is safe and can improve overall survival for selective primary tumors. However, outcomes of adrenal metastasectomy have not been evaluated using large, national databases.

Materials and methods

All cases of adrenal metastasectomies from 1992 to 2011 were identified in the HCUP‐NIS database. The primary endpoint analyzed was death during the same hospitalization. Secondary outcomes included length of stay (LOS), blood loss requiring transfusion, surgical infection, cardiac complications, and respiratory complications. A sub‐analysis of 428 patients stratified by primary tumor (where data were available) was also performed. Statistical analysis was performed using chi‐square, ANOVA, and logistic regression using Stata software, significance was set at p value of 0.05.

Results

A total of 2,057 cases of adrenal metastasectomies were identified. Median age of the patients was 62 ± 13.2 years (49.9 % men, 69.7 % Caucasian). Over the study period, there was a general increase in the number of cases performed and the number performed by minimally invasive approaches. There was also a decrease in LOS and number of deaths. However, age ≥71 years predicted a significantly higher rate of mortality (OR = 6.0, CI 1.3–26.5) when controlled for race, procedure type, year of surgery, and primary tumor in multivariable analysis. This age group had a higher number of cardiac complications (5.4 %, p = 0.005) that potentially contributed to the higher mortality rate. In addition, there was no difference in surgical outcomes when stratified by primary tumor type for the entire cohort of patients.

Conclusion

Adrenal metastasectomy is a safe procedure with decreasing same‐hospitalization mortality from 1992 to 2011. However, age ≥71 years is a significant risk factor for same‐hospitalization mortality. This increased risk should be considered when discussing adrenal metastasectomy in this age population.
Preparation and Characterization of Human Milk Fat Substitutes Based on Triacylglycerol Profiles
Authors: Zou Xiaoqiang , Jin Qingzhe , Guo Zheng , Xu Xuebing , Wang Xingguo
Published: May 2016

Human milk fat substitutes (HMFS) having similarity in (TAG) composition to human milk fat (HMF) were prepared by Lipozyme RM IM‐catalyzed interesterification of lard blending with selected oils in a packed bed reactor. Four oil blends with high similarity in fatty acid profiles to HMF were first obtained based on the blending model and then the blending ratios were screened based on TAG composition similarity by enzymatic interesterification in a batch reactor. The optimal ratio was determined as lard:sunflower oil:canola oil:palm kernel oil:palm oil:algal oil:microbial oil = 1.00:0.10:0.50:0.13:0.12:0.02:0.02. This blending ratio was used for a packed bed reactor and the conditions were then optimized as residence time, 1.5 h; reaction temperature, 50 °C. Under these conditions, the obtained product showed high degrees of similarity in fatty acid profile with 39.2 % palmitic acid at thesn‐2 position, 0.5 % arachidonic acid (n‐6) and 0.3 % docosahexaenoic acid (n‐3) and the scores for the degree of similarity in TAG composition was increased from 58.4 (the oil blend) to 72.3 (the final product). The packed bed reactor could be operated for 7 days without significant decrease in activity. The final product presented similar melting and crystallization profiles to those of HMF. However, due to the loss of tocopherols during deacidification process, the oxidative stability was lower than that of the oil blend. This process for the preparation of HMFS from lard with high similarity in TAG composition by physical blending and enzymatic interesterification, as optimized by mathematical models in a packed bed reactor, has a great potential for industrialization.
Comparison of the experimental methods in haplotype sequencing via next generation sequencing
Authors: Tu Jing , Lu Na , Duan Mengqin , Ju An , Sun Xiao , Lu Zuhong
Published: May 2016

Although the diploid nature has been observed for over 50 years, phasing the diploid is still a laborious task. The speed and throughput of next generation sequencing have largely increased in the past decades. However, the short read‐length remains one of the biggest challenges of haplotype analysis. For instance, reads as short as 150 bp span no more than one variant in most cases. Numerous experimental technologies have been developed to overcome this challenge. Distance, complexity and accuracy of the linkages obtained are the main factors to evaluate the efficiency of whole genome haplotyping methods. Here, we review these experimental technologies, evaluating their efficiency in linkages obtaining and system complexity. The technologies are organized into four categories based on its strategy: (i) chromosomes separation, (ii) dilution pools, (iii) crosslinking and proximity ligation, (ix) long‐read technologies. Within each category, several subsections are listed to classify each technology. Innovative experimental strategies are expected to have high‐quality performance, low cost and be labor‐saving, which will be largely desired in the future.
Update on the bird-egg syndrome and genuine poultry meat allergy
Authors: Hemmer Wolfgang , Klug Christoph , Swoboda Ines
Published: May 2016

Allergy to poultry meat is rare and affects both children and adults. The prevalence of poultry meat allergy is unknown, but presumably is similar to that of red meat allergy. There is no close relationship between allergy to poultry meat and allergy to red meat. Poultry meat allergy may present as primary (genuine) food allergy or as secondary food allergy resulting from cross-reactivity.

Secondary poultry meat allergy may arise in the context of bird-egg-syndrome, which is due to sensitization to serum albumins present in many tissues including muscle tissue and egg yolk (Gal d 5). Primary sensitization to serum albumin may happen via the respiratory tract through exposure to pet birds (mainly in adults) or within the context of egg allergy in early childhood. Due to the heat lability of serum albumins, reactions are often limited to the skin upon contact with raw meat. Symptoms from meat ingestion are rare and mostly mild, whereas systemic reactions are common after ingestion of raw or soft-boiled egg yolk.

Primary poultry meat allergy is mainly seen in adolescents and young adults, though hypersensitivity may have started already at (pre)school age. Egg allergy is usually absent. Typical symptoms of primary poultry meat allergy include OAS (±dyspnea), gastrointestinal complaints, urticaria and angioedema. Severe anaphylaxis with cardiovascular symptoms is rare. Chicken and turkey meat are highly cross-reactive and responsible for most reactions, while duck and goose meat causes milder or no symptoms. Soups, sausages, and ham represent relevant allergen sources, too. Patients with poultry meat allergy unexpectedly often suffer from concomitant allergy to fish and possibly shrimp. Serum specific IgE against fish and shrimp is found in respectively 60 and 40 % of sera, suggestive of cross-reactive allergens in these foods. The allergens thus far recognized in genuine poultry meat are LMW proteins of 5–25 kDa. One of them has been identified as α-parvalbumin cross-reactive with homologous mammal α-parvalbumins but not with fish α-parvalbumins. Recently, myosin light chains, including 23 kDa MLC-1 (Gal d 7) and 15 kDa MLC-3, have been recognized as new major allergens in chicken meat. The high similarity of chicken MLCs with those from various fish species (∼65 %) might explain the clinical association of poultry meat allergy with fish allergy.
Overcrowding as a risk factor for domestic violence and antisocial behaviour among adolescents in Ejigbo, Lagos, Nigeria
Authors: Makinde O. , Björkqvist K. , Österman K.
Published: May 2016

Background.

The objective was to investigate the relationships between overcrowding, domestic violence, and antisocial behaviour in a sample of adolescents in Lagos metropolitan area, Nigeria. Possible gender differences and differences due to religious affiliation concerning domestic violence and antisocial behaviour were also investigated.

Method.

A questionnaire was filled in by 238 Nigerian adolescents, 12–20 years of age; the sample included 122 females (m = 15.1 years, s.d. = 2.0) and 116 males (m = 15.8 years, s.d. = 2.0). The respondents were from junior and senior secondary schools in Ejigbo and surrounding cities (Isolo, Egbe and Ago-Palace Lagos). Six scales were included: adolescents as victims of adult and sibling aggression, respectively, witnessing of domestic violence, parental negativity towards adolescents, antisocial behaviour among adolescents and poverty in the home. Overcrowding, gender and religious affiliation served as independent variables.

Results.

According to a multivariate analysis of variance with level of poverty as covariate, overcrowding showed significant associations with four of five scales measuring aggressive and antisocial behaviours. Gender and religion were associated with three variables each. However, multiple regression analyses revealed that overcrowding tended to partial out the effects of both gender and religion showing that overcrowding was the most important factor determining negative outcomes.

Conclusions.

The results have implications for housing policies in Nigeria. Moreover, these results may also have implications for research and policy making in other nations and parts of the world.
Risk Factors for Central Venous Catheter–Associated Bloodstream Infection in Pediatric Patients: A Cohort Study
Authors: Carter Jillian Hansen , Langley Joanne Marie , Kuhle Stefan , Kirkland Susan
Published: May 2016

OBJECTIVE

To examine the incidence of central-line–associated bloodstream infection (CLABSI) over time and to determine risk factors for CLABSI in hospitalized children.

DESIGN

Prospective cohort study.

SETTING

Pediatric tertiary care referral center in Halifax, Nova Scotia, serving a population of 2.3 million.

PARTICIPANTS

Patients ages 0–18 years with central venous catheters (CVCs) inserted at this facility between 1995 and 2013.

METHODS

Participants were followed from CVC insertion to CLABSI event or until CVC removal. Data were prospectively collected by clinicians, infection prevention and control staff, and nursing staff for the purposes of patient care, surveillance, and quality improvement. Cox proportional hazards regression was used to identify risk factors for CLABSI.

RESULTS

Among 5,648 patients, 385 developed CLABSI (0.74 CLABSI per 1,000 line days; or 3.87 per 1,000 in-hospital line days). Most infections occurred within 60 days of insertion. CLABSI rates decreased from 4.87 per 1,000 in-hospital line days in 1995 to 0.78 per 1,000 in-hospital line days in 2013, corresponding to an 84% reduction. A temporal association of CLABSI reduction with a hand hygiene promotion campaign was identified. CVC type, number of lumens, dressing type, insertion vein, and being in the critical care unit were statistically significantly associated with CLABSI.

CONCLUSIONS

Hospital-wide surveillance over an 18-year period identified children at highest risk for CLABSI and decreasing risk over time; this decrease was temporally associated with a hand hygiene campaign.

Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol2016;37:939–945
Fine Wines and Stocks from the Perspective of UK Investors: Hedge or Safe Haven?
Authors: Bouri Elie I. , Roubaud David
Published: May 2016

The prior literature disregards the time-varying conditional correlation and its importance for portfolio diversification when it assesses the risk-return profile of fine wine with that of stocks. To address this limitation, this paper applies a dynamic conditional correlation model and examines the co-movements between fine wine and stock prices in the United Kingdom (UK). Based on monthly data from January 2001 to February 2014, we find that fine wine is a hedge against movements in UK stocks. Nevertheless, it cannot act as an effective safe haven during market turmoil. Those findings have noteworthy implications for financial advisors and portfolio managers who are interested in alternative investments. (JEL Classifications: G1, G11, Q1, Q14)
Increased snow accumulation reduces survival and growth in dominant mat-forming arctic-alpine lichens
Authors: BIDUSSI Massimo , SOLHAUG Knut Asbjørn , GAUSLAA Yngvar
Published: May 2016

Relative growth rates (RGR) and carbon-based secondary compounds (CBSCs) were quantified in four dominant terricolous arctic-alpine mat-forming lichens with different preferences for snow cover. The aim was to evaluate the effects of snow depth, and thus snow cover duration, on lichen growth and performance. The species,Alectoria ochroleuca,Flavocetraria nivalis,Cladonia mitisandCetrariella delisei, are associated with increasing snow depth, respectively. They were transplanted for one year at five snow depths (0, 60, 120, 160 and 200 cm measured in early May) along each of four natural ridge to snow bed gradient transects in oceanic-alpine sites (western Norway). Snow slightly thicker than in source habitats caused negative RGR in the ridge top-dependentA. ochroleucaand the co-occurringF. nivaliswith somewhat higher snow tolerance. OnlyC. mitiswith the broadest ecological niche had positive RGR along most of the gradients (0–160 cm), even outside its natural range. The most snow-tolerant species,C. delisei, tolerant also to temporal inundation in water, had the lowest RGR. Nevertheless, it performed as well in places with little or no snow as in places where it grows naturally. Snow depth significantly affected total concentrations of CBSCs mainly inA. ochroleuca, which experienced substantial mass loss under snow. There was a highly significant increase in usnic acid concentration with increasing mass loss inA. ochroleuca, probably because usnic acid decays more slowly than other components. In conclusion, snow reduced lichen RGR, but in species-specific ways. Therefore, increasing snow depthper sealong spatial and/or temporal scales likely reduces abundance and distribution of dominant mat-forming lichens in the alpine ecosystems of Scandinavia.
Two new species of Lichenothelia (Lichenotheliaceae) from Iran
Authors: VALADBEIGI Tahereh , SCHULTZ Matthias , VON BRACKEL Wolfgang
Published: May 2016

Two new species of Lichenothelia, both from Iran, are described. Lichenothelia iranica is characterized by a black thallus with often finely lobate, slightly effigurate, not areolate margins, eight non-amyloid spores per ascus and 1–3-septate ascospores with 1–2 longitudinal or oblique septa. Lichenothelia ilamensis is distinguished by a black areolate, fissured, slightly effigurate or rarely lobulate thallus. The areoles are confluent and aggregated in the centre, becoming dispersed towards the margin, and the asci contain (4–)6(–8) non-amyloid, 1-septate spores.
Distribution of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in snow particulates around Longyearbyen and Barentsburg settlements, Spitsbergen
Authors: Abramova Anna , Chernianskii Sergei , Marchenko Nataly , Terskaya Elena
Published: May 2016

Contamination of snow cover has been investigated in the Longyearbyen (78°13 N, 15°38 E) and Barentsburg (78°3 N, 14°12 E) areas, which are situated in the southwest part of Spitsbergen (Svalbard archipelago). Snow cover was sampled in two winter seasons, 2012–2013 and 2013–2014, at 54 locations within potentially contaminated areas. Sampling incorporated the whole snow mass and was combined with morphological observations as well as thickness and density measurements. Meltwater and suspended solids were further analysed for a wide range of contaminants including polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and macro-ions. Results were contrasted with previous studies measuring the release of contaminants from snow to soil cover. It was shown in keeping with earlier studies that PAH contributions are associated with airborne particulate matter. The results, in contrast to earlier studies further demonstrated that the high concentrations of contaminants in both settlements are attributed to local sources due to combustion and industrial activity.
Is Svalbard a pristine ecosystem? Reconstructing 420 years of human presence in an Arctic archipelago
Authors: Kruse Frigga
Published: May 2016

The Arctic is commonly perceived as a pristine wilderness, yet more than four centuries of human industry have not left Svalbard untouched. This paper explores the historical dimension of human-induced ecosystem change using human presence as a proxy. Its aims are fourfold: to reconstruct and quantify historical human presence, to ascertain if human presence is a suitable indicator of long-term anthropogenic pressure, to deduce trends in anthropogenic pressure on five selected species of game animal, and to postulate trends in their subpopulation sizes. Published sources give rise to 57 datasets dealing with the annual voyages to Svalbard as well as the participants in them. All known archaeological sites are visualised in a distribution map. Despite the large amount of data, the quantification of historical human presence remains biased and partial. Only with the aid of a timeline of known milestones is it possible to make hypotheses about changes in anthropogenic pressure and animal subpopulations over time. The exercise is nonetheless a necessary and instructive one: it confirms that the erroneous view of Svalbard as a pristine ecosystem hinders timely historical-ecological research. Future work must aim at the systematic quantification of past human impact in a holistic approach to environmental conservation and restoration.
In defense of coexisting engineering meanings of function
Authors: van Eck Dingmar , Weber Erik
Published: May 2016

Technical function is a key concept in engineering design. Despite the centrality of the concept, a systematic, rigorous analysis of the utility of function and its different conceptualizations is missing in the engineering design literature. This paper addresses this challenge. We investigate the utility of function and its different meanings in the following engineering design contexts: malfunction explanation, innovative design, redesign, and routine design. This analysis provides theoretical justification for the current engineering practice of accepting ambiguity of functional descriptions and for methods to translate and/or convert functional descriptions across engineering design frameworks. We show that the utility of specific meanings of function is highly task dependent, identify novel roles for functional descriptions in engineering design, and present methodological implications for translation methods for functional descriptions.
The undecidability theorem for the Horn-like fragment of linear logic (Revisited)
Authors: KANOVICH MAX
Published: May 2016

There has been an increased interest in the decision problems for linear logic and its fragments. Here, we give a fully self-contained, easy-to-follow, but fully detailed, direct and constructive proof of the undecidability of a very simple Horn-like fragment of linear logic, which is accessible to a wide range of people. Namely, we show that there is a direct correspondence between terminated computations of a Minsky machine M and cut-free linear logic derivations for a Horn-like sequent of the form

\begin{equation*}
\bang{\Phi_M},\ l_1 \vdash l_0,
\end{equation*}

where ΦM consists only of Horn-like implications of the following simple forms

\begin{equation*}
(l \llto l'),\ \ ((l\otimes r) \llto l'),\ \ (l\llto (r\otimes l')),\ \ and \ \ (l\llto (l'\oplus l'')),
\end{equation*}

where l1, l0, l, l′, l″ and r stand for literals.

Neither negation, nor &, nor constants, nor embedded implications/bangs are used here.

Furthermore, our particular correspondence constructed above provides decidability for each of the Horn-like fragments whenever we confine ourselves to any two forms of the above Horn-like implications, along with the complexity bounds that come from the proof.
A Murder in Medieval Yazd
Authors: MILLER ISABEL A. M.
Published: May 2016

Perhaps, appropriately, crime and criminality only enter the local histories of Yazd, the ‘Tārīkh-i Yazd and the Tārīkh-i Jadīd-i Yazd, by stealth.1 The interests and concerns of the authors of the local histories lay elsewhere, in describing the topography of the city, its religious edifices and shrines, noting its pious, learned and great inhabitants and recording its history from earliest times; and indeed if the authors were writing about a city endowed with the title Dār al-ʿIbādaʾ, the Abode of Piety, it is unsurprising that crimes or criminal acts are largely absent from the text and so, only one or two accounts of crime feature in the local histories. However, the ordering of society and the maintenance of this order constitute a central topic in medieval Persian writings, including the histories.
On definite program answers and least Herbrand models
Authors: DRABENT WŁODZIMIERZ
Published: May 2016

A sufficient and necessary condition is given under which least Herbrand models exactly characterize the answers of definite clause programs.
Enablers and inhibitors in causal justifications of logic programs
Authors: CABALAR PEDRO , FANDINNO JORGE
Published: May 2016

In this paper, we propose an extension of logic programming where each default literal derived from the well-founded model is associated to a justification represented as an algebraic expression. This expression contains both causal explanations (in the form of proof graphs built with rule labels) and terms under the scope of negation that stand for conditions that enable or disable the application of causal rules. Using some examples, we discuss how these new conditions, we respectively callenablersandinhibitors, are intimately related to default negation and have an essentially different nature from regular cause-effect relations. The most important result is a formal comparison to the recent algebraic approaches for justifications in logic programming:Why-not ProvenanceandCausal Graphs. We show that the current approach extends both Why-not Provenance and Causal Graphs justifications under the well-founded semantics and, as a byproduct, we also establish a formal relation between these two approaches.
Does the Descriptive Representation of Women Matter? A Comparison of Gendered Differences in Political Attitudes between Voters and Representatives in the European Parliament
Authors: McEvoy Caroline
Published: May 2016

Studies expressing concern over the continued underparticipation of women in politics rest on the assumption that increasing the number of female representatives in democracies leads to greater substantive representation of women's policy interests. This article advances the discussion by conducting a comparative analysis of men's and women's attitudes across 27 countries in the European Union. Using the European Election and Candidate Studies 2009, I find that differences between the policy preferences of men and women in the EU do exist and that these differences are replicated between male and female candidates in European elections. The findings provide empirical support for the argument in favor of a greater gender balance in European policy-making institutions.
Seeing Double: Race, Gender, and Coverage of Minority Women's Campaigns for the U.S. House of Representatives
Authors: Ward Orlanda
Published: May 2016

At the U.S. 2012 general election, six minority women were newly elected to the House of Representatives, a net increase from 21 to 23, and a rise from 23% to 27% as a proportion of all women in the House (CAWP 2010, 2012). Among this group was Iraq War veteran Tulsi Gabbard (D-HI 2nd District), the first Hindu American to serve in Congress. Despite generally positive coverage, her local paper also framed Gabbard's identity as an “underdog … on the margins of popular respectability.” In Utah, Mormon Mia Love ran the first viable black female Republican campaign, securing 47% of the vote in the state's overwhelmingly white 4th District. Love was frequently framed positively as a “historic candidate” and was invited to speak at the GOP convention that year. Despite this, her self-portrayal as a product of the American dream—linking her second-generation Haitian identity to her partisan politics—drew sharp criticism. Local campaign coverage even interrogated the legality of her family history with headlines such as “Love's Immigrant Story may be True, but Some Questions Linger.”
Birth characteristics and all-cause mortality: a sibling analysis using the Uppsala birth cohort multigenerational study
Authors: Juárez S. , Goodman A. , De Stavola B. , Koupil I.
Published: May 2016

This paper investigates the association between perinatal health and all-cause mortality for specific age intervals, assessing the contribution of maternal socioeconomic characteristics and the presence of maternal-level confounding. Our study is based on a cohort of 12,564 singletons born between 1915 and 1929 at the Uppsala University Hospital. We fitted Cox regression models to estimate age-varying hazard ratios of all-cause mortality for absolute and relative birth weight and for gestational age. We found that associations with mortality vary by age and according to the measure under scrutiny, with effects being concentrated in infancy, childhood or early adult life. For example, the effect of low birth weight was greatest in the first year of life and then continued up to 44 years of age (HR between 2.82 and 1.51). These associations were confirmed in within-family analyses, which provided no evidence of residual confounding by maternal characteristics. Our findings support the interpretation that policies oriented towards improving population health should invest in birth outcomes and hence in maternal health.