bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Modern myopia management among minors
Authors: White Emma
Published: October 2022

Emma White looks at the rise of global myopia and the range of treatment options available to practitioners
Eye care in the community Part 11 – Glaucoma monitoring
Authors: Patel Kirit
Published: October 2022

This month, community-based optometrist Kirit Patel discusses the effective monitoring of glaucoma patients
Low vision day with interest
Authors: Karas Marek
Published: October 2022

Marek Karas, Low Vision Lead at Guy’s and St Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust, reports on the hospital’s annual low vision day held last week which boasted a varied array of activities both indoors and outside
Fundamentals of ophthalmic dispensing — part 6
Authors: Black Peter , Black Tina Arbon
Published: October 2022

Having previously covered the desirable properties required of frame materials and introduced historic materials and modern cellulose-based plastics, in this second article Peter Black and Tina Arbon Black consider the remaining plastic and metal materials used in the manufacture.
Eye care in the community: Part 2 – Venous thrombosis
Authors: Patel Kirit
Published: October 2022

Kirit Patel describes a case illustrating the impact upon the eye and vision of a blood clot in the brain
The consulting room: Making sense of IOLS
Authors: Manners Tim
Published: October 2022

Tim Manners tries to grasp the premium intra-ocular lens market
An environmental pioneer
Authors: Baker David
Published: October 2022

David Baker examines the 19th century career of Ernest Hart, an eye surgeon with leanings towards environmentalism
Parent and practitioner opinions on myopia management – part 1
Authors: Bull Zoe , Gaskin Caroline , Lumb Elizabeth
Published: October 2022

In the first of this two-part discussion of attitudes toward myopia and its management, Zoe Bull, Caroline Gaskin and Elizabeth Lumb examine the understanding and opinions of parents
Parent and practitioner opinions on myopia management – part 2
Authors: Lumb Elizabeth , Sulley Anna
Published: October 2022

Elizabeth Lumb and Anna Sulley continue our two-part discussion of attitudes toward myopia and its management with a focus on the practices and views of eye care professionals
Seeing loud and clear
Authors: Harvey Bill
Published: October 2022

In the second of our series looking at the way technology is being used to help the visually impaired, Bill Harvey has a look at the new devices from OrCam and finds they have a number of new functions that might prove invaluable to more than just those with a sight loss
Eye care in the community Part 9 – Sjögren's disease
Authors: Patel Kirit
Published: October 2022

This month, community-based optometrist Kirit Patel describes two cases of patients suffering field loss due to impact upon the visual pathway
Essential contact lens practice 5 – Assessment of the tear film
Authors: Hiscox Rachel , Hall Marie-Therese
Published: October 2022

In the fifth article in our major series about modern contact lens practice edited by Dr Rachel Hiscox, Marie-Therese Hall discusses the clinical examination of the tear film in contact lens practice.
Imaging part 1: Are you on the right wavelength?
Authors: Matheson Andrew
Published: October 2022

To introduce our series on ocular imaging and photography, Andrew Matheson gives an overview of how different light sources allows images to be refined and so allow a better visualisation of specific structures and diseases.
Conference report: ESCRS virtual 2020
Authors: Siso-Fuertes Irene , O’Donnell Clare
Published: October 2022

In the first of two reports, Dr Irene Siso-Fuertes and Dr Clare O’Donnell review days one and two of the ESCRS 2020 virtual conference
GOC responds to ESR consultation
Authors: Kotoulas Yiannis
Published: October 2022

The GOC has admitted that the ESR consultation brought up areas that require clarification. Yiannis Kotoulas reports
HR File: Furlough extension - what does it mean?
Authors: Parker Bethany
Published: October 2022

Bethany Parker considers the implications of the extension of the government's employee furlough scheme
OCT Casebook: Initial results
Authors: Harvey Bill
Published: October 2022

Bill Harvey begins the next series of OCT casebook features with a look at some different results
2020 In Review: Practitioners’ perspectives
Authors: McClean Andrew
Published: October 2022

Four practitioners tell Andrew McClean how they responded to the challenges of the pandemic and outline why they are optimistic about the future.
Future of Optics: Frames of the future
Authors: Jones Simon
Published: October 2022

Simon Jones dusts off his crystal ball to predict the future of eyewear.
Dry eye VRICS
Authors: Harvey Bill
Published: October 2022

Bill Harvey introduces a new VRICS exercise available online.
Communication in optical practice 3: Non-verbal communication
Authors: Davies Ian
Published: October 2022

In the next in our series discussing the significance of communication and its influence upon interaction with our patients, Ian Davies focuses upon non-verbal behaviour.
Teleoptometry – in the time of lockdown
Authors: Harvey Bill
Published: October 2022

As the Covid-19 pandemic forces eye care professionals to look to new methods of patient assessment to minimise interpersonal contact and interest in teleoptometry increases, Bill Harvey offers an overview of the various methods involved and looks at the evidence regarding its continued influence in the post-pandemic age.
Measuring the way forward
Authors: Hale Mike , Black Nicholas
Published: October 2022

Mike Hale and Nicholas Black discuss how to take the necessary measurements when dispensing during the Coid-19 era
Preparing children for visits
Authors: Hardiman-McCartney Daniel
Published: October 2022

Clinical adviser at the College of Optometrists, Daniel Hardiman-McCartney, tells Optician how practitioners should accommodate for children during the pandemic
Contact lens discomfort and TFOS
Authors: Harvey Bill
Published: October 2022

As we begin a series of features, developed with Alcon, focusing on the relationship between discomfort, the ocular surface and contact lens wear, Bill Harvey reminds us of an important, yet often overlooked, series of papers produced by the Tear Film and Ocular Surface International Workshop
Release the Falcon
Authors: Harvey Bill
Published: October 2022

Bill Harvey prescribes an autofocus bioptic telescope system for a patient with many and varied viewing requirements. In the first of two articles, he outlines the initial prescribing process
Dry eye or contact lens?
Authors: Gibson Tony
Published: October 2022

As part of our series, developed with Alcon, Dr Tony Gibson presents a case of dry eye in a contact lens wearer who mistakenly believed her symptoms to be solely due to the contact lenses
Covid: Keeping you updated 19
Authors: Harvey Bill
Published: October 2022

This week has seen some Covid-related developments of particular interest to eye care practice. Bill Harvey offers some details
Covid-19 and contact lenses: Hygiene and compliance
Authors: Lakkis Carol , George Melanie , Sulley Anna
Published: October 2022

Professor Carol Lakkis, Dr Melanie George and Anna Sulley discuss the importance of good hygiene measures and compliance with instruction during a time of coronavirus pandemic (C76269, one distance learning CET point suitable for optometrists, contact lens opticians and dispensing opticians)
In Focus: The road ahead
Authors: Kotoulas Yiannis , McClean Andrew
Published: October 2022

Optometrists, professional bodies and optical suppliers share their outlook for 2021 with Yiannis Kotoulas and Andrew McClean.
The post-pandemic path
Authors: Jones Simon
Published: October 2022

Last month's Alconversation online panel discussion had a different, but strangely familiar feel. Simon Jones reports.
Health and well-being in eye care practice: Making the difference in your patient's life
Authors: Retallic Neil , Shah Sheena
Published: October 2022

Neil Retallic and Sheena Shah ask the question ‘Should we as ECPs be doing more to understand the well-being of our patients?’.
Health and well-being in eye care practice: Riding the emotional rollercoaster of the contact lens journey
Authors: Tanna-Shah Sheena , Retallic Neil
Published: October 2022

In the last in their series of articles looking at the influence of mental health and well-being upon clinical practice, Sheena Tanna-Shah and Neil Retallic discuss how we can best personalise, support and influence new wearer's experiences to increase compliance, maximise the chance of success and reduce the likelihood of early contact lens drop out.
Myopia PreMonition
Authors: Harvey Bill
Published: October 2022

Bill Harvey catches up with Dr Sara McCullough to find out more about her work in developing a myopia management tool.
In Focus: Association seeks DVLA retest
Authors: Jones Simon
Published: October 2022

The AIO has taken aim at the national licensing agency over vision testing contract and misleading communications to patients. Simon Jones reports.
From pathology to participation
Authors: Tooth Cirta
Published: October 2022

Cirta Tooth discusses how the medical model meets the social model in a low vision clinic and the implications upon patient management by the eye care professional.
Eye care for children with learning disabilities 3: Outcomes of eye examinations and dissemination of information
Authors: Rughani Sonal , Donaldson Lisa
Published: October 2022

In the final part of a three-part series focusing on the eye care needs of children with learning disabilities, Sonal Rughani and Lisa Donaldson consider both the importance of disseminating and of implementing the outcomes of the ophthalmic examination.
That was the week that was
Authors: Bennett Chris
Published: October 2022

Chris Bennett reports from Contact Lens Week, Optician's five-night series of contact lens webinars
Nature's sight test in the night sky
Authors: Baker David
Published: October 2022

David Baker turns his attention to a sight test originated by nomadic Arabs
In Focus: Outlook for eye health
Authors: McClean Andrew
Published: October 2022

Andrew McClean reports on the findings from a global report into vision loss
Optician Awards: Inspiring change
Authors: McClean Andrew
Published: October 2022

François van den Abeele tells Andrew McClean about Sea2See's Positano 02 being named Frame of the Year at the 2020 Optician Awards
Adapting to change
Authors: Bennett Chris
Published: October 2022

Having completed one of the strangest stints as president of the British Contact Lens Association, Indie Grewal talks to Chris Bennett about pandemic practises, lessons learned and life after lockdown
In Focus: Seamless eye care services
Authors: McClean Andrew
Published: October 2022

Andrew McClean explores what the future holds for optometry in Wales
Lens File: Making the Miyosmart Move
Authors: Sanders Andy
Published: October 2022

Andy Sanders gives the technical background underpinning Hoya's recently launched myopia control lens Miyosmart
A model of expertise
Authors: Kotoulas Yiannis
Published: October 2022

Yiannis Kotoulas talks to Eva Davé about winning Optical Supplier of the Year at the 2020 Optician Awards
Seven Ways: How to get the principles of myopia management across
Authors: Cameron Ian
Published: October 2022

Ian Cameron outlines some steps to better communicate with patients on the topic of myopia management
Managing a crisis
Authors: Kotoulas Yiannis
Published: October 2022

Rates of myopia are among the highest in the world in Singapore. Yiannis Kotoulas investigates how the Southeast Asian country is managing
Tried and Tested: Ortho-K
Authors: Jones Simon
Published: October 2022

Optometrist and Optician Award-winning contact lens practitioner Bhavin Shah tells Simon Jones that going the extra mile with Ortho-K is well worth the effort
Myopic management in practice
Authors: Farrant Sarah
Published: October 2022

Sarah Farrant presents another case study from her ever-growing myopia clinic, this time reflecting the importance of patient education and accurate baseline data recording
Lenses: Stellar ambitions
Authors: Harvey Bill
Published: October 2022

Bill Harvey awaits the latest results from a trial of a new myopia management lens from Essilor with bated breath
Essential contact lens practice 12 – The aftercare
Authors: Hiscox Rachel , Dhallu Sandeep
Published: October 2022

In the penultimate article in our major series about modern contact lens practice edited by Dr Rachel Hiscox, Dr Sandeep Dhallu considers undertaking the aftercare appointment and recording the findings.
Seeing louder and clearer
Authors: Harvey Bill
Published: October 2022

In the 18 months since his review of the OrCam 2, Bill Harvey learns of the impressive new functionality of the latest incarnation of the award-winning camera device offering a yet wider range of ways to help those with visual impairment
In Focus: Lockdown's impact on myopia
Authors: Kotoulas Yiannis
Published: October 2022

Research conducted in China has investigated the links between myopia and the Covid-19 pandemic
Under attack
Authors: Bernstein Adam
Published: October 2022

Adam Bernstein outlines why cyber security is crucial for practices and business of all sizes
Optical connections: Meet Doctor Thorndyke
Authors: Baker David
Published: October 2022

In Victorian ophthalmologist and author R Austin Freeman and his literary creation Dr John Evelyn Thorndyke, David Baker finds an analogue to the more celebrated Sir Arthur Conan Doyle and Sherlock Holmes
Fundamentals of ophthalmic dispensing 18: Law and regulation – part 1
Authors: Black Tina Arbon , Black Peter
Published: October 2022

The sale of optical appliances is governed partly by ordinary consumer legislation and specifically through the Opticians Act and the various orders of the General Optical Council. Here Tina Arbon Black and Peter Black take a look at the legislation, regulations and standards that apply to ophthalmic dispensing.
In Focus: Smartphone system boosts eye care access in Kenya
Authors: McClean Andrew
Published: October 2022

Andrew McClean discovers how Peek Vision's technology increased attendances in primary care and treatments in hospital
Seven ways: Cross the generation gap
Authors: Davies Ian
Published: October 2022

Ian Davies outlines the key lessons in dealing with younger patients in practice
Controlling coronavirus at conferences
Authors: Jones Simon
Published: October 2022

With several key exhibitions and conferences on the horizon, Simon Jones asks what organisers are doing to instil confidence among delegates
Essential contact lens practice – interactive 1
Authors: Harvey Bill
Published: October 2022

Bill Harvey introduces a new interactive CET exercise based upon the recent Essential Contact Lens Practice series (C 78749, one interactive distance learning CET point suitable for optometrists, contact lens opticians and dispensing opticians)
Celestial navigators
Authors: Daly Ilse
Published: October 2022

Dr Ilse Daly uncovers how the visual system of the dung beetle allows it to navigate in straight lines.
The road ahead
Authors: White Emma
Published: October 2022

What is in store for the future of OCT technology?
Essential contact lens practice – VRICS 2
Authors: Harvey Bill
Published: October 2022

Bill Harvey introduces the second VRICS CET exercise based around the Essential Contact Lenses series that concluded earlier this year.
OCT Casebook: Disc analysis
Authors: Harvey Bill
Published: October 2022

Bill Harvey resumes the series of OCT casebook features with a look at some different results.
In Focus: Industry responds to illegal practice consultation
Authors: Kotoulas Yiannis
Published: October 2022

Organisations from across the optical sector have responded to the GOC's revised illegal practice protocol. Yiannis Kotoulas consultation.
In Focus: Outline for recovery and transformation
Authors: Kotoulas Yiannis
Published: October 2022

NHSEI has recommended optimisation of current eye care contracts.
كیف یمكن لخدمات كروس الإضافیة ان تساعد مؤسستك؟
Authors: Mostafa Mohamad , Fairhurst Vanessa
Published: October 2022

أن تكون/ي عضواً في كروسريف هو أكثر من مجرد تسجيل معرفات ثابتة للمحتوى الخاص بك. تعرف/ي على المزيد حول مزايا العضوية بما في ذلك الخدمات التشاركية الأخرى مثل الربط المرجعي، والاستشهاد به، والتحقق من التشابه Being a member of Crossref is more than just registering persistent identifiers for your content. Learn more about the benefits of membership including other participative services such as Reference Linking, Cited-by, Crossmark and Similarity Check
A systematic review of outcome reporting in clinical trials of distal tibia and ankle fractures
Authors: Pearson Nathan A. , Tutton Elizabeth , Joeris Alexander , Gwilym Stephen E. , Grant Richard , Keene David J. , Haywood Kirstie L.
Published: October 2022

Aims

To describe outcome reporting variation and trends in non-pharmacological randomized clinical trials (RCTs) of distal tibia and/or ankle fractures.

Methods

Five electronic databases and three clinical trial registries were searched (January 2000 to February 2022). Trials including patients with distal tibia and/or ankle fractures without concomitant injuries were included. One reviewer conducted all searches, screened titles and abstracts, assessed eligibility, and completed data extraction; a random 10% subset were independently assessed and extracted by a second reviewer at each stage. All extracted outcomes were mapped to a modified version of the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health framework. The quality of outcome reporting (reproducibility) was assessed.

Results

Overall, 105 trials (n = 16 to 669 participants) from 27 countries were included. Trials compared surgical interventions (n = 62), post-surgical management options (n = 17), rehabilitative interventions (n = 14), surgical versus non-surgical interventions (n = 6), and pre-surgical management strategies (n = 5). In total, 888 outcome assessments were reported across seven domains: 263 assessed body structure or function (85.7% of trials), 136 activities (68.6% of trials), 34 participation (23.8% of trials), 159 health-related quality of life (61.9% of trials), 247 processes of care (80% of trials), 21 patient experiences (15.2% of trials), and 28 economic impact (8.6% of trials). From these, 337 discrete outcomes were described. Outcome reporting was inconsistent across trials. The quality of reporting varied widely (reproducibility ranged 4.8% patient experience to 100% complications).

Conclusion

Substantial heterogeneity in outcome selection, assessment methods, and reporting quality were described. Despite the large number of outcomes, few are reported across multiple trials. Most outcomes are clinically focused, with little attention to the long-term consequences important to patients. Poor reporting quality reduces confidence in data quality, inhibiting data synthesis by which to inform care decisions. Outcome reporting guidance and standardization, which captures the outcomes that matter to multiple stakeholders, are urgently required. Cite this article: Bone Jt Open 2022;3(10):832–840.
Numerical study of a high-extinction-ratio micro-polarizer array with a metal grid substrate
Authors: Nie Anran , Qiu Zhenwei , Sun Xiaobing , Zhu Jun , Hong Jin
Published: October 2022

In this paper, a
complete investigation and
simulation of the extinction ratio (ER) in a setup with a
micro-polarizer array (MPA) is performed. A metal grid substrate
structure, which can effectively reduce optical crosstalk and improve
the ER, is proposed. The numerical calculation results show that the
ER of our proposed structure is more than 10-fold higher than that of
the traditional structure. Moreover, the effect of its structural
parameters to the ER has been researched, and the results showed that
when the substrate is thicker, the incident angle of light is less
than 15°, the metal width is larger than 900 nm, and a complete
grating with more than 20 periods on a single pixel can obtain a high
ER.
Experimental investigation of supercontinuum generation in a birefringence tellurite microstructured optical fiber
Authors: Cheng Tonglei , Chen Xiaoyu , Wang Qi , Gao Yuanhongliu , Li Bin , Yang Ning , Yan Xin , Zhang Xuenan , Suzuki Takenobu , Ohishi Yasutake , Liu Zheng , Wang Fang
Published: October 2022

A four-hole birefringence tellurite microstructured optical fiber (BTMOF) was designed and fabricated based on

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when the polarization state of the pump pulse was parallel to the fast axis at 1400 nm with an average power of 460 mW. We performed numerical simulations based on the nonlinear Schrödinger equation, which support the experimentally measured results. The SC generation in birefringent silica microstructured fiber with the same geometric parameters was simulated, and the results showed that the enhanced nonlinear refractive index of the BTMOF yielded a spectrum with a significantly larger bandwidth. Furthermore, the two polarization states along the fast axis and slow axis exhibit different dispersion characteristics, which provide a convenient way of tuning the properties of the generated SC. This work highlights BTMOF as a promising platform for the development of a SC light source, which can be widely used in food quality inspection, early cancer diagnostics, gas sensing, and high-spatial-resolution imaging.
Calculation of aberration fields for freeform imaging systems using field-dependent footprints on local tangent planes
Authors: Dai Yijie , Liu Yingli , Shen Fanqi , Kuang Cuifang , Zheng Zhenrong , Wu Rengmao
Published: October 2022

Aberration theory is a fundamental understanding of the optical aberrations and remains the best way to guide optical system design. The nodal aberration theory, which can be used to describe the aberration fields of freeform imaging systems, is limited by the small field of view (FOV) of the imaging system. In this paper, we propose a method to predict the induced aberration of Fringe Zernike terms with field-dependent footprints. The footprint of each field point is calculated in its corresponding local tangent plane of the optical surface; therefore, a more accurate prediction of the induced aberrations of Fringe Zernike terms can be achieved. Both the FOV and highly tilted architecture of freeform imaging systems are considered when calculating the footprints. Two examples are presented to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method, which we believe can provide good guidance for the design of freeform imaging systems with a relatively large FOV.
Enhanced light absorption of organic solar cells based on stopped-trench metal grating
Authors: Asl Asghar Fanni , Heidarzadeh Hamid , Bahador Hamid
Published: October 2022

Here, the influence of dimensional parameters of the trench metal grating on the absorption efficiency of organic solar cells (OSCs) was evaluated. The plasmonic modes were calculated. Due to the capacitance-like charge distribution in a plasmonic configuration, the platform width of grating has a significant influence on the intensity of wedge plasmon polaritons (WPPs) and Gap surface plasmon (GSPs). Stopped-trench gratings would lead to better absorption efficiency than thorough-trenched gratings. The stopped-trench gratings (STG) model with a coating layer showed 77.01% integrated absorption efficiency, which is 19.6% better than previously reported works with 19% less photoactive materials. This model offered 18% integrated absorption efficiency, better than an equivalent planar structure without a coating layer. Specifying the areas with maximum generation on the structure helps us to manage and reduce the thickness and volume of the active layer to control the recombination losses and the cost. We rounded the edges and corners with a curvature radius of 30 nm to investigate tolerance during fabrication. Results demonstrated that the integrated absorption efficiency profile of the blunt model is slightly different from the integrated absorption efficiency profile of the sharp model. Finally, we have studied the wave impedance (Zx) inside the structure. Between the spectrum of λ =∼700 nm to λ=900 nm, an extremely high wave impedance layer was formed. It creates an impedance mismatch between layers and helps us to better trap the incident light ray. STG with a coating layer (STGC) is a promising way to produce OCSs with extremely thin active layers.
Deep learning for multi-star recognition in optical turbulence
Authors: Shohani Jafar Bakhtiar , Hajimahmoodzadeh Morteza , Fallah Hamidreza
Published: October 2022

In the presence of high-strength turbulence, it is difficult to recognize close stars in ground-based imaging systems. Although adaptive optics could be helpful to reconstruct such images, there are always some remaining uncorrected phases for different turbulence conditions that could affect the recognition of close stars. Considering this, we have introduced a classification-based method by using a deep learning network to distinguish such star systems without correcting the wavefronts. To this aim, we have configured a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN). Five turbulence models are used to generate a dataset that includes thousands of images. Moreover, four metrics have been utilized to evaluate the CNN after the learning process. The accuracy of the network was upper than 80% for all of the turbulence models. The comparison of the five turbulence models is presented in detail, based on these metrics, and the robustness of the deep learning network is reported.
Kernkompetenz Empathie: digitale Service-Ökosysteme personennah gestalten
Authors: Gebbing Pia , Lattemann Christoph , Michalke Simon , Kroschewski Theresa , Robra-Bissantz Susanne
Published: October 2022

Für Dienstleister ist Empathie zu einer wichtigen Kompetenz im Rahmen der gemeinsamen Wertschaffung in digitalen Service Ökosystemen geworden. Um den technologie-vermittelten Austausch einer Dienstleistung gestalten und navigieren zu können, ist es wichtig, die Bedürfnisse und Werte der einzelnen Akteure zu berücksichtigen. Nur durch ein gemeinsames Verständnis kann sichergestellt werden, dass alle Akteure die entstehenden Austauschbeziehungen als wertvoll erachten. Doch wie können diese im zunehmend komplexen und anonymen digitalen Raum erfasst werden? Empathie ist in diesem Sinne eine Kernkompetenz, denn Empathie fördert durch Perspektivübernahme das Verständnis für die Bedürfnisse und Werte anderer Akteure. Anhand einer Auswahl exemplarischer Methoden aus der personennahen Dienstleistungsforschung wird veranschaulicht, wie Empathie in digitalen Service-Ökosystemen gezielt gefördert werden kann.
Digitale Plattformen in der Praxis – Einsatz- und Entwicklungsmodelle
Authors: Holler Manuel , Dremel Christian , Hehn Jennifer , van Giffen Benjamin , Galeno Gianluca
Published: October 2022

Viele der wertvollsten Unternehmen der Welt betreiben ihr Geschäft auf Basis einer digitalen Plattform samt umgebendem Ökosystem. Während es in der Theorie zahlreiche Erklärungs-und Gestaltungsansätze für die erfolgreiche Umsetzung gibt, gelten diese wirtschaftlich attraktiven Geschäftsmodelle in der Praxis nach wie vor als herausfordernd. Auf der empirischen Grundlage von sieben Plattform-Innovationsprojekten und mit Methoden der Fallstudienforschung untersucht der vorliegende Artikel, welche Rolle digitale Plattformen in der Praxis spielen und wie diese Artefakte entwickelt werden können. Mit den Ergebnissen in Form von vier Einsatz- (Platform-as-a-Core, Platform-as-an-Evolution, Platform-as-an-Enabler, Platform-as-an-Add-On) und vier Entwicklungsmodellen (Methodic Problem Solvers, Methodic Strategists, Methodic Leaders, Ad-Hoc Developers) kann gefolgert werden: Digitale Plattformen können in der Praxis vielfältige Rollen einnehmen und deren Entwicklung kann mit unterschiedlicher Methodikintensität erfolgen. Für die Praxis profitieren Fach- und Führungskräfte von industrienahen Einblicken und abgeleiteten Handlungsempfehlungen. Für die Forschung wird der Wissensfundus im Bereich des Designs und der Entwicklung digitaler Plattformen erweitert.
Wahrung der Privatsphäre in einer Blockchain-basierten Plattform: Anwendung für MRO-Dokumentationen der Luftfahrtindustrie
Authors: Zedel Jan , Kliewer Natalia
Published: October 2022

MRO-Dokumentationen (MRO, deutsch: Wartung, Reparatur und Instandsetzung) der Luftfahrtindustrie sind notwendig, um die Flugtauglichkeit von Flugzeugersatzteilen zu zertifizieren und den Handel mit Teilen auf dem Sekundärmarkt zu ermöglichen. Da Dokumente wettbewerbsrelevante Daten enthalten können, werden diese vertraulich behandelt. Dennoch besteht die Verpflichtung, die Validität von Dokumentationshistorien gegenüber Behörden und Handelspartnern nachzuweisen.

Die Dokumentationspraxis ist durch analoge Erfassung sowie unterschiedliche Prozesse und Systeme geprägt. Dieser Umstand erhöht die Fehleranfälligkeit und Manipulierbarkeit von Dokumenten. Eine standardisierte Datenerfassung sowie der Einsatz eines einheitlichen Systems könnten zur Optimierung der Prozesse beitragen.

Öffentliche Blockchains und der Einsatz von Smart-Contract-Systemen gewährleisten die Datenintegrität, ohne dass sich die Netzwerkteilnehmer gegenseitig vertrauen müssen. Durch automatische Überprüfung von Verträgen oder Dateneingaben können Fehler leicht identifiziert werden. Anreizsysteme erschweren zudem die Manipulation gespeicherter Daten und erhöhen deren Persistenz im System.

Die Transparenz öffentlicher Netzwerke behindert die Adaption der Blockchain-Technologie zur Verbesserung der MRO-Dokumentationsprozesse. Ein Zielkonflikt entsteht aus der Unvereinbarkeit von Privatsphäre-Anforderungen einerseits und den Spezifikationen öffentlicher Blockchain-Netzwerke andererseits. Private oder konsortiale Blockchain-Anwendungen stellen einen Kompromiss dar, lösen das Problem aber nicht.

Dieser Artikel folgt einem Design Science Research (DSR) Ansatz und stellt die Infrastruktur einer Blockchain-basierten Plattform für die MRO-Branche vor, die eine Lösung des beschriebenen Zielkonfliktes für den Anwendungsfall adressiert und damit die Grundlage für eine standardisierte Dokumentationspraxis bildet. Berücksichtigte Anforderungen und Designprinzipien sowie die abgeleiteten technischen Spezifikationen erläutern allgemein, wie Daten in Blockchain-basierten Plattformen vertraulich geteilt und validiert werden können.
Methoden zum Design digitaler Plattformen, Geschäftsmodelle und Service-Ökosysteme
Authors: Robra-Bissantz Susanne , Lattemann Christoph , Laue Ralf , Leonhard-Pfleger Raphaela , Wagner Luisa , Gerundt Oliver , Schlimbach Ricarda , Baumann Sabine , Vorbohle Christian , Gottschalk Sebastian , Kundisch Dennis , Engels Gregor , Wünderlich Nancy , Nissen Volker , Lohrenz Lisa , Michalke Simon
Published: October 2022

Auf digitalen Märkten besteht, wer die zugrundeliegenden digitalen, unternehmensbezogenen oder akteursübergreifenden institutionellen Arrangements versteht und aktiv gestaltet. Dazu werden ausgereifte, von Forschung und Praxis diskutierte und gemeinsam weiter entwickelte Methoden zum Design digitaler Plattformen, Geschäftsmodelle und Service-Ökosysteme benötigt. Einen gemeinschaftlichen Aufschlag hierzu macht der folgende Artikel. Er entstand aus einem offenen Aufruf in der Wirtschaftsinformatik-Community – über Mailing-Listen und soziale Medien. Im Ergebnis führen sieben Forschergruppen (oder einzelne Forscher und Forscherinnen) ihre aktuellen Erkenntnisse zu diesem Thema zusammen.
Marktorientierte Gestaltung von Geschäftsmodellen in der Musikbranche: Praxisorientierte Anwendungsfälle der Blockchain-Technologie
Authors: Baierl Ronny , Reichel Adrian
Published: October 2022

Der vorliegende Beitrag dient der Gewinnung von Erkenntnissen über die Geschäftsmodelle von Blockchain-Anwendungen in der Musikbranche. Für diesen Zweck wird zunächst prägnant grundlegendes Fachwissen in Bezug auf die Blockchain-Technologie, die Musikbranche sowie Geschäftsmodelle im Allgemeinen erläutert. Aus den daraus gewonnen Erkenntnissen werden drei grundlegende Kategorien an Geschäftsmodellen abgeleitet – Metadatendienste, Musikdienste und Online-Marktplätze. Daraufhin erfolgt die Beschreibung der drei Geschäftsmodellkategorien anhand der Elemente des in der Praxis weit verbreiteten Business Model Canvas zur Beschreibung und Entwicklung von Geschäftsmodellen. Zuletzt werden die drei Kategorien mithilfe von aktuellen Praxisbeispielen und generellen Entwicklungen veranschaulicht. Damit eignet sich dieser Artikel für eine systematische Zusammenführung der beiden bisher weitestgehend getrennt betrachteten Forschungsgebiete, die zudem auch in der Hochschullehre – beispielsweise durch Integration der zur Verfügung stehenden Fallstudien – eingebaut werden kann. Durch die systematische Darstellung möglicher Gestaltungsoptionen wird zudem die eigenständige Ausgestaltung von Geschäftsmodellen in der Musikbranche stimuliert und damit ein marktorientiertes Design ermöglicht.
Ziele und Gestaltung digitaler Plattformen für Produktionsnetzwerke
Authors: Freichel Chiara , Steegmans Timo-Christian , Winkelmann Axel
Published: October 2022

Die interorganisatorische Zusammenarbeit in Produktionsnetzwerken kann Herausforderungen durch eine hohe Marktdynamik, immer anspruchsvollere Kundenbedürfnisse und steigenden Kostendruck entgegenwirken. Neben der klassischen vertikalen Verschiebung von Kapazitäten in Richtung geeigneter Zulieferer, lassen sich Fertigungskapazitäten auch durch eine horizontale Zusammenarbeit zwischen produzierenden Unternehmen handeln. Im Sinne der Sharing Economy bieten digitale Plattformen eine geeignete Infrastruktur zur Verknüpfung und Koordination der Marktakteure eines Produktionsnetzwerks. So können Fertigungsunternehmen flexibel Produktionsausfällen entgegenwirken und freie Maschinenkapazitäten auslasten. Eine wesentliche Voraussetzung für den Erfolg solcher digitalen Plattformen für Produktionsnetzwerke ist die Definition von Zielen, welche bisher in der Literatur nur unzureichend und nicht bezogen auf diese spezifische Plattformart untersucht wurden. In dieser Arbeit wird ein umfängliches konzeptionelles Zielmodell für diese spezifische Plattformart erstellt. Zu spezifischen Zielen digitaler Plattformen für Produktionsnetzwerke zählen neben wirtschaftlichen oder technischen Zielen beispielsweise auch produktionsbezogene Marktleistungsziele wie die Gewährleistung von Produktionsflexibilität. Aufbauend darauf wird gezeigt, wie das Design der beschriebenen Plattformen einen Einfluss auf die Erreichung bestimmter Ziele hat und wie spezielle Mechanismen zur Zielerreichung beitragen.
One step ahead: mapping the Italian and German cybersecurity laws against the proposal for a NIS2 directive
Authors: Schmitz-Berndt Sandra , Chiara Pier Giorgio
Published: October 2022

With the COVID-19 pandemic accelerating digital transformation of the Single Market, the European Commission also speeded up the review of the first piece of European Union (EU)-wide cybersecurity legislation, the NIS Directive. Originally foreseen for May 2021, the Commission presented the review as early as December 2020 together with a Proposal for a NIS2 Directive. Almost in parallel, some Member States strengthened (or adopted) national laws beyond the scope of the NIS Directive to respond adequately to the fast-paced digital threat landscape. Against this backdrop, the article investigates the national interventions in the field of cybersecurity recently adopted by Italy and Germany. In order to identify similarities and divergences of the Italian and German national frameworks with the European Commission’s Proposal for a NIS2 Directive, the analysis will focus on selected aspects extrapolated from the Commission Proposal, namely: i) the enlarged scope; ii) detailed cybersecurity risk-management measures; iii) more stringent supervisory measures; and, iv) stricter enforcement requirements, including harmonised sanctions across the EU. The article concludes that the national cybersecurity legal frameworks under scrutiny already match the core of the proposed changes envisaged by the NIS2 Proposal.
The legal obligation to provide timely security patching and automatic updates
Authors: Maurushat Alana , Nguyen Kathy
Published: October 2022

Do you use Office 365 or Windows 10? How about GoDaddy to support your website? Has it been a while since you connected your iPhone to Wi-Fi instead of merely running off your data? Or is your Samsung phone more than 2 years old? Would it surprise you to learn that some of these products no longer receive security support or automatic updates? If so, you may be surprised to hear that you are being exposed to security risks, as many cyber incidences are the direct result of an absence of security patching and automatic updates. There are many reasons for this. Most companies provide security patches, but they are not always timely and many are not automated, requiring manual effort (often unbeknownst to consumers and businesses). Timely security patching is, upon discovery or notification of a security flaw in a system or product, the release of a security update within a reasonable time that patches and updates the security of a system—sometimes this is automatic, sometimes the security patch is merely a notification that you can and should patch your own system. A contributing factor to this is that there is no legal obligation to provide security support, let alone timely security support. This means that there is no legal requirement to patch known security vulnerabilities and bugs or issue automatic updates. This paper asks whether or not Australia should have a legal obligation to ensure timely security patching and require automatic updates by default in all consumer systems. Our conclusion: yes, it should, since many companies cannot be relied on to self-regulate and put their client’s security interests first, and the stakes in cybersecurity have become too high to continue with the status quo. We conclude by presenting our recommended pathway for legal reform.
Know your tuberculosis epidemic–Is it time to add Mycobacterium tuberculosis immunoreactivity back into global surveillance?
Authors: Rickman Hannah M. , Kamchedzera Wala , Schwalb Alvaro , Phiri Mphatso D. , Ruhwald Morten , Shanaube Kwame , Dodd Peter J. , Houben Rein M. G. J. , Corbett Elizabeth L. , MacPherson Peter
Published: October 2022

Tuberculosis (TB) still causes 1.5 million deaths globally each year. Over recent decades, slow and uneven declines in TB incidence have resulted in a falling prevalence of TB disease, which increasingly concentrates in vulnerable populations. Falling prevalence, while welcome, poses new challenges for TB surveillance. Cross-sectional disease surveys require very large sample sizes to accurately estimate disease burden, and even more participants to detect trends over time or identify high-risk areas or populations, making them prohibitively resource-intensive. In the past, tuberculin skin surveys measuring Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) immunoreactivity were widely used to monitor TB epidemiology in high-incidence settings, but were limited by challenges with both delivering and interpreting the test. Here we argue that the shifting epidemiology of tuberculosis, and the development of new tests for Mtb infection, make it timely and important to revisit the strategy of TB surveillance based on infection or immunoreactivity. Mtb infection surveys carry their own operational challenges and fundamental questions, for example: around survey design and frequency; which groups should be included; how the prevalence of immunoreactivity in a population should be used to estimate force of infection; how individual results should be interpreted and managed; and how surveillance can be delivered efficiently and ethically. However, if these knowledge gaps are addressed, the relative feasibility and lower costs of Mtb infection surveillance offer a powerful and affordable opportunity to better “know your TB epidemic”, understand trends, identify high-risk and underserved communities, and tailor public health responses to dynamic epidemiology.
Phaseolus vulgaris Seeds from the Late Sixteenth–Early Seventeenth Century AD Ancestral Oneida Diable Site, New York
Authors: Hart John P.
Published: October 2022

The ethnohistorical, ethnographic, and contemporary literatures all suggest that common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) was an important component of Northern Iroquoian agronomic systems and diets. Seemingly at odds with this is the sparse occurrence of whole and partial common bean seeds on fourteenth through seventeenth century AD village sites. The recovery of a large quantity of whole and partial bean seeds from the ancestral Oneida Diable site, dated here to between AD 1583 and 1626 with a Bayesian model using seven new AMS radiocarbon dates, provides clues as to when large quantities of rehydrated/cooked common bean seeds may occur in the archaeological record.
On Using the Concept of "Artificial Intelligence" in Forensic Science
Authors: Polyakov Vitaly
Published: October 2022

The article considers the issues of making a conceptual framework for artificial intelligence in forensic sciences. There are significant differences and a significant variety of opinions regarding the basic concept of "artificial intelligence" and  other concepts and ideas related, many unresolved and debatable issues still exist. Based on critical analysis of existing opinions, legislative and doctrinal sources, the opinion is expressed that for forensic theory and, to an even greater extent, practice, the use of the concept of "artificial intelligence" is somewhat premature. The concept of so-called "enhanced intelligence" seems to be more correct and adequate to the existing level of information technology development. One of the examples of its implementation is modern computer methods of machine learning. Attention is drawn to the employment of essentially new means of committing high-tech crimes, which apply techniques and methods developed for enhanced intelligence technologies.  Here are discussed some cases of enhanced social danger arising from the rapidly expanding adoption of artificial intelligence technologies by high-tech crime. The effect of building quantum computers in the coming decades is discussed with regard to criminology. The negative trends  linked to the use of artificial intelligence for criminal purposes have been identified as they can significantly complicate the formation of a forensic methodology for investigating high-tech crimes, complicate the implementation of criminal proceedings for their disclosure, investigation and prevention. The article shows that current issues of of making a conceptual framework are pressing and require interdisciplinary approach of legal, social, natural and technical sciences. Here are described promising trends in the development of forensic theory, as well as forensic techniques and tactics, where methods and technologies of enhanced intelligence can be successfully used. The importance and prospects of the introduction of these technologies into work of law enforcement agencies are indicated.
Features of Headings of Legislative Texts (Case Study of the Federal Law "About Bases of Protection of Public Health in the Russian Federation")
Authors: Popovskaya Vera
Published: October 2022

The paper attempts to describe the features of the headings of legislative texts as in the case of the Federal Law " About bases of protection of public health in the Russian Federation". It has been concluded that in the law there function headings of different types: headings that do not belong exclusively to the field of legal texts and can be used in texts of other types, and legal headings proper, which have specific features that are characteristic only of legal discourse. Such titles are a fairly stable type of titles within the discourse under consideration and are relatively independent structural units of the law. In this article, legislative headings proper are characterized as microtexts with legal semantics, which are relatively independent elements of legislative discourse, serving as a “code” of specific legal information and, as a result, expressing certain meanings of deontic modality (modality of duty). Based on the analysis of titles presented in this paper, it has been concluded that, despite the traditional perception of titles as non-predicative units, and therefore devoid of modal meanings, in a number of legislative titles this category can be expressed implicitly, and in some titles even partially explicated.  In the text of the federal law under consideration, several separate groups of legislative titles proper are distinguished, which include: a) titles with a zero modality indicator; b) modal headings with the semantics of procedurality expressed by a verbal noun; c) proper nominative headings, the modality of which is established in relation to headings of a larger level.
Conceptual and Categorical Description of the Conflict Situation (Case Study of Internet Comments on Vaccination against Coronavirus)
Authors: Melnikova Victoria , Nikolay Golev , Darya Jung
Published: October 2022

The article focuses on the study of the conflict text. This study aims to consider the features of conflicting texts that were  posted on the Web as comments on the topic of vaccinating adolescents against coronavirus, the essence of the conflict, the causes and prospects for resolution are considered. In the context of forensic linguistics, pragmatic factors are specified from the standpoint of illocution, locution and perlocution. In the course of the work, quantitative and qualitative analyzes of the comments were carried out from the point of view of forensic linguistics.
LAW OF SCIENCE
Authors: Vasiliev А.A. , Zelenin Yu.A.
Published: October 2022

The article researches the peculiarities of the methods of scientific law. Different points of view on thisproblem are considered. In accordance with the understanding of scientific law as a complex branch ofRussian law, which regulates the relations in the field of scientific, scientific-technical and related innovationactivities, the authors conclude that it is characterized by a combination of private and public aspects,dispositive and imperative methods of legal regulation based on the range of relations, which are affectedby law.
COMPUTER GAMES AS A SUBJECT OF INTERDISCIPLINARY RESEARCH
Authors: Vasiliev A.A. , Pechatnova Yu.V.
Published: October 2022

The article is devoted to the specifics of the study of computer games. The authors propose to analyzethe phenomenon of computer games in three dimensions: philosophical and cultural, socio-economic andpsychological and pedagogical. The research methodology consists of general scientific methods of systemanalysis and an interdisciplinary approach to the subject of study. As a result, the authors conclude that thereis a need for an integrated approach to the study of computer games and the impossibility of studying one ofthe aspects of computer games in isolation from the other. The experience of interdisciplinary research makesit possible to prevent a one-sided view of computer games and to consider the game as a key accompliceof progress that has led to the development of digital culture, new forms of cognition, means and scales ofcommunication, ways of monetization, new methods of psychological relief.
RIGHTS OF PARENTS WHEN THE CHILD IS HOSPITALIZED
Authors: Kazantseva O.L.
Published: October 2022

The article is devoted to the analysis of the rights of parents during the hospitalization of a child, whichare often violated by medical organizations when a child enters a medical institution. As a rule, the parent'sright to be next to the child in the hospital is violated during his further hospitalization. In this regard, thisscientific study seems to be relevant and timely, since, on the basis of the current legal norms, problems thatarise in the implementation of the rights of parents are identified and suggestions and recommendationsare given for their elimination.