bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Density Functional Theory Study of Gas Adsorption (NO, NO2) on Metal Oxides (CuO, Ag2O) Modified Ti3C2O2 Monolayer
Authors: Su JiaHui , Liu Xin , Zhang Hanmei , Zhao Bing , Feng Yue , Wang Chao , Shen Tao
Published: February 2024

The adsorption properties of five gases on metal oxides (CuO, Ag2O) modified Ti3C2O2 are studied by the first‐principles density functional theory. The gas sensitivity of nitric oxide, ammonia, nitrogen dioxide, methane, and formaldehyde on metal oxides (CuO, Ag2O) modified Ti3C2O2 is systematically discussed on the aspects of adsorption energy, the density of state, electronic localization function, and desorption time. The results prove that metal oxides (CuO, Ag2O) modification can enhance the adsorption abilities of Ti3C2O2. The adsorption capacity of CuO‐modified Ti3C2O2 is NH3 > NO > NO2 > CH2O > CH4, and the adsorption capacity of Ag2O‐modified Ti3C2O2 is NO > NO2 > CH2O >NH3 > CH4. The NO2 adsorption capacity of Ag2O‐modified Ti3C2O2 is 11.24 times that of pure Ti3C2O2. By comparison, CuO‐modified Ti3C2O2 is more suitable for capturing NO gas than Ag2O‐modified Ti3C2O2, and the former exhibits chemically adsorbed. Considering the results, CuO‐ and Ag2O‐modified Ti3C2O2 can be used as oxynitride gas sensors.
Cucurbitacin B modulates M2 macrophage differentiation and attenuates osteosarcoma progression via PI3K/AKT pathway
Authors: Wu Hong , Ma Tianjun , He Mei , Xie Wenkai , Wang Xueyan , Lu Liuping , Wang Hui , Cui Ying
Published: February 2024

Osteosarcoma is a common malignant bone tumour characterised by an aggressive metastatic potential. The tumour microenvironment, particularly the M2‐polarised macrophages, is crucial for tumour progression. Cucurbitacin B (CuB), a triterpenoid derivative, is recognised for its anti‐inflammatory and antitumour properties. This study investigates CuB and its effect on M2 macrophage differentiation and osteosarcoma progression, aiming to contribute to new treatment strategies. In vitro, THP‐1 monocytes were stimulated with PMA, IL‐13 and IL‐4 to induce differentiation into M2 macrophages. Additionally, the influence of CuB on the proliferation, migration and invasion of osteosarcoma cells in the context of M2 macrophages was scrutinised. Crucial signalling pathways, especially the PI3K/AKT pathway, affected by CuB were identified and validated. In vivo, the osteosarcoma model was employed to gauge the effects of CuB on tumour weight, lung metastasis, angiogenesis, cell proliferation and M2 macrophage markers. The results showed that CuB inhibited M2 macrophage differentiation, leading to reduced proliferation, migration and invasion of osteosarcoma cells. CuB manifested an inhibitory effect on the PI3K/AKT pathway during the differentiation of M2 macrophages. In mouse models, CuB markedly reduced the tumour weight and the number of lung metastases. It also reduced the expression of angiogenesis and cell proliferation markers in tumour tissues, decreased the quantity of M2 macrophages and their associated markers and pathway proteins. In conclusion, CuB impedes osteosarcoma progression by inhibiting M2 macrophage differentiation via the PI3K/AKT pathway, presenting the potential for therapeutic advancements in osteosarcoma treatment.
Tribological properties of Cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide modified CS as lubrication additive
Authors: Li Jing , Liu Tianxia , Liu Jinyu
Published: February 2024

The coal indirect liquefied diesel soot (Coal‐to‐liquids diesel soot, CS) was collected by a self‐made soot trapper. CS was modified with cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB) and named as CS‐CTAB. The tribological properties of CS and CS‐CTAB in 10#white oil(10#WO) were tested on a WTM‐2E controlled atmosphere miniature friction and wear testing machine. The morphology, composition, and tribological mechanism of CS and modified CS‐CTAB were studied by using TEM, XPS, XRD, Raman, and other instruments. The results showed that CS modified by CTAB is wrapped and entangled in long chains. Their main structure components are all amorphous carbon with a small amount of graphite crystallites. The addition of CS‐CTAB (0.8 wt%) significantly reduces both AFC and wear rate, with reductions of 32.9% for AFC, and 65.6% for wear rate compared to no additive. The anti‐friction and anti‐wear effect of CS is greatly improved after being modified by CTAB. Mechanism analysis shows that CS as a lubricant additive, acts as a micro‐bearing in the friction process and falls off under the action of shear force to generate an independent graphite sheet, thus forming a graphite protective film on the surface of 304 stainless steel plate. However, CS has the defects of low graphitization degree, large particle size, and easy agglomeration. During friction, uneven adsorption of CS on the surface can worsen wear. However, CTAB modification can improve dispersion stability in 10#WO and effectively reduce wear on the friction surface.
Bulk Photovoltaic Effect in Polar 3D Perovskitoid Enables Self‐Powered Polarization‐Sensitive Photodetection
Authors: Tang Junjie , He Biqi , Kuang Kuan , Li Mingkai , Cao Sheng , Yu Zixian , He Yunbin , Chen Junnian
Published: February 2024

The family of polar hybrid perovskites, in which bulk photovoltaic effects (BPVEs) drive steady photocurrent without bias voltage, have shown promising potentials in self‐powered polarization‐sensitive photodetection. However, reports of BPVEs in 3D perovskites remain scare, being mainly hindered by the limited dipole moment or lack of symmetry breaking. Herein, a polar 3D perovskitoid, (BDA)Pb2Br6 (BDA = NH3C4H8NH3), where the spontaneous polarization (Ps)‐induced BPVE drives self‐powered photodetection of polarized‐light is reported. Emphatically, the edge‐sharing Pb2Br10 dimer building unit allows the optical anisotropy and polarity in 3D (BDA)Pb2Br6, which triggers distinct optical absorption dichroism ratio of ≈2.80 and BPVE dictated photocurrent of 3.5 µA cm−2. Strikingly, these merits contribute to a polarization‐sensitive photodetection with a high polarization ratio (≈4) under self‐powered mode, beyond those of 2D hybrid perovskites and inorganic materials. This study highlights the potential of polar 3D perovskitoids toward intelligent optoelectronic applications.
Micropillar with Radial Gradient Modulus Enables Robust Adhesion and Friction
Authors: Zhu Bo , Tan Di , Xiao Kangjian , Shi Zhekun , Li Gang , Lei Yifeng , Chen Daobing , Liu Sheng , Xue Longjian
Published: February 2024

The gradient modulus in beetle setae plays a critical role in allowing it to stand and walk on natural surfaces. Mimicking beetle setae to create a modulus gradient in microscale, especially in the direction of setae radius, can achieve reliable contact and thus strong adhesion. However, it remains highly challenging to achieve modulus gradient along radial directions in setae‐like structures. Here, polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) micropillar with radial gradient modulus, (termed GM), is successfully constructed by making use of the polymerization inhibitor in the photosensitive resin template. GM gains adhesion up to 84 kPa, which is 2.3 and 4.7 times of soft homogeneous micropillars (SH) and hard homogeneous micropillars (HH), respectively. The radial gradient modulus facilitates contact formation on various surfaces and shifts stress concentration from contact perimeter to the center, resulting in adhesion enhancement. Meanwhile, GM achieves strong friction of 8.1 mN, which is 1.2 and 2.6 times of SH and HH, respectively. Moreover, GM possesses high robustness, maintaining strong adhesion and friction after 400 cycles of tests. The work here not only provides a robust structure for strong adhesion and friction, but also establishes a strategy to create modulus gradient at micron‐scale.
PVDF‐HFP Based, Quasi‐Solid Nanocomposite Electrolytes for Lithium Metal Batteries
Authors: Carena Eleonora , Mezzomo Lorenzo , Vallana Nicholas , Ceribelli Nicole , Di Liberto Giovanni , Mostoni Silvia , Ferrara Chiara , Mauri Michele , Lorenzi Roberto , Giordano Livia , Ruffo Riccardo , Mustarelli Piercarlo
Published: February 2024

Composite polymer electrolytes are systems of choice for future solid‐state lithium metal batteries (LMBs). Poly(vinylidene fluoride‐co‐hexafluoropropylene) (PVDF‐HFP) is among the most interesting matrices to develop new generation quasi‐solid electrolytes (QSEs). Here it is reported on nanocomposites made of PVDF‐HFP and pegylated SiO2 nanoparticles. Silica‐based hybrid nanofillers are obtained by grafting chains of poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether (PEG) with different molecular weight on the surface of silica nanoparticles. The functionalized nanofiller improves the mechanical, transport and electrochemical properties of the QSEs, which show good ionic conductivity values and high resistance against dendrite penetration, ensuring boosted long and safe device operation. The most promising result is obtained by dispersing 5 wt% of SiO2 functionalized with short PEG chains (PEG750, Mw = 750 g mol−1) in the PVDF‐HFP matrix with an ease solvent‐casting procedure. It shows ionic conductivity of 0.1 mS cm−1 at 25 °C, more than 250 h resistance to stripping/plating, and impressive results during cycling tests in LMB with LiFePO4 cathode.
Synergistic π‐Conjugation Organic Cathode for Ultra‐Stable Aqueous Aluminum Batteries
Authors: Su Jingwen , Zhang Meng , Tian Hao , Han Mingshan , Sun Zhaopeng , Du Kai , Cui Fangyan , Li Jingzhen , Huang Weiwei , Hu Yuxiang
Published: February 2024

Rechargeable aqueous aluminum batteries (AABs) are promising energy storage technologies owing to their high safety and ultra‐high energy‐to‐price ratio. However, either the strong electrostatic forces between high‐charge‐density Al3+ and host lattice, or sluggish large carrier‐ion diffusion toward the conventional inorganic cathodes generates inferior cycling stability and low rate‐capacity. To overcome these inherent confinements, a series of promising redox‐active organic materials (ROMs) are investigated and a π‐conjugated structure ROMs with synergistic C═O and C═N groups is optimized as the new cathode in AABs. Benefiting from the joint utilization of multi‐redox centers and rich π–π intermolecular interactions, the optimized ROMs with unique ion coordination storage mechanism facilely accommodate complex active ions with mitigated coulombic repulsion and robust lattice structure, which is further validated via theoretical simulations. Thus, the cathode achieves enhanced rate performance (153.9 mAh g−1 at 2.0 A g−1) and one of the best long‐term stabilities (125.7 mAh g−1 after 4,000 cycles at 1.0 A g−1) in AABs. Via molecular exploitation, this work paves the new direction toward high‐performance cathode materials in aqueous multivalent‐ion battery systems.
Crystal Plane Regulation Promotes the Oriented Conversion of Radicals in Heterogeneous Persulfate Catalyzed Oxidation Process
Authors: Tang Zhenchun , Zhou Xinquan , Du Mengyao , Zhang Ruichang , Xu Hang , Peng Shuge , Wei Xuefeng
Published: February 2024

In heterogeneous persulfate‐catalyzed oxidation systems, the mechanism underlying the crystal plane effects of the catalyst on the selective conversion of reactive oxygen species (ROS) remains ambiguous. In this study, nano‐Co3O4 catalysts with varying crystallinity and exposure levels of (111) crystal planes are prepared via a hydrothermal method. Compared to low crystalline catalysts, high crystallinity catalysts predominantly expose (111) planes containing higher concentrations of Co2+ and oxygen vacancies (Ov), resulting in an increase degradation efficiency of p‐nitrobenzaldehyde (4‐NBA) from 74.5% to 100%. Radical quenching experiments and EPR characterization reveal that the degradation of 4‐NBA occurs through a radical pathway, and quantification of radicals demonstrates that increasing exposure levels of (111) planes effectively promote radical yield (CSO4•‐ increase from 18.2 to 172.8 µm and C•OH increase from 1 to 58.9 µm). Furthermore, XPS and DFT calculations indicate that high crystallinity catalyst possesses more Ov active sites on (111) planes. The presence of Ov not only facilitates the adsorption of PMS molecules but also enhances electron transfer from Co2+ to PMS, leading to directed formation and efficient transformation of radicals. This study presents a novel strategy for promoting efficient radical formation in persulfate‐activated systems.
Design and 3D Printing of Polyacrylonitrile‐Derived Nanostructured Carbon Architectures
Authors: Bobrin Valentin A. , Hackbarth Haira G. , Yao Yin , Kundu Dipan , Bedford Nicholas M. , Kuchel Rhiannon P. , Zhang Jin , Corrigan Nathaniel , Boyer Cyrille
Published: February 2024

Nanostructured carbon materials with designer geometries are of great interest for a wide range of energy‐based and environmental applications due to their tunable microstructure, which allows for optimized properties and performance, as well as their ability to be shaped in complex three‐dimensional (3D) geometries suited for targeted applications. However, achieving a controllable way for preparing nanostructured carbon materials with precise macroscale control has proven to be challenging. Herein, a straightforward approach for 3D printing of nanostructured polyacrylonitrile (PAN)‐derived carbon materials controlled by employing self‐assembling resins in liquid crystal display printing is presented. The correlation between resin composition, printing parameters, and PAN thermal transformation conditions is identified using a combination of thermoanalytical and structural techniques. The nanostructured PAN materials are readily transformed into carbon with a voided microstructure while retaining the original macro‐architecture of the 3D printed polymer precursor objects. The resulting carbon materials are electrically conductive and feature nitrogen active sites controlled by pyrolysis temperature. This method offers a simple way to produce nanostructured carbon‐based materials with an arbitrary shape, presenting the possibility of advantageous characteristics for a range of potential applications in both the fields of energy and the environment.
Enhancement of impact resistance of alkali‐activated slag concrete through biochar supplementation
Authors: Egodagamage Harshani , Yapa Hiran , Buddika Samith , Loh Thomas , Navaratnam Satheeskumar , Patrisia Yulin , Nguyen Kate
Published: February 2024

Biochar is a well‐known sustainable and effective additive used in mortar/concrete to improve its mechanical properties. However, its potential to improve the impact resistance of concrete is still unexplored. This paper investigates biochar's effectiveness in improving the strength and impact performance of alkali‐activated slag concrete (AASC). Five AASC samples with 0%, 2%, 4%, 6%, and 8% rice husk biochar (RB) were employed in an experimental program. The strength and the impact resistance were tested, and the latter was assessed over a drop‐weight test conforming to the ACI Committee 544 guidelines. The crack propagation of the impact‐tested samples was examined using micro‐CT images. The results showed that adding RB up to 6% improved, notably the 28‐day compressive strength of AASC. At 6% RB, the strength enhancement was 44.6%, whereas no additional gain was observed at the 8% RB blend. More importantly, except for the 8% RB sample, the impact resistance was considerably augmented with the RB level increment. The increment in the impact number at the first crack and the failure in the 6% RB sample were as high as 185% and 180%, respectively. The reduction in the solution/binder ratio of the mix with the addition of biochar and the internal curing effect of biochar were deemed to be responsible for these improvements. However, possibly due to biochar's brittle characteristics, the increase in RB dosage from 6% to 8% reduced the impact resistance drastically.
Systematic review on effects of global climate change on birds
Authors: Fernando Hewanahannadige Melisha Shavindi , Gunawardena Medhisha Pasan
Published: February 2024

Consequences of climatic change in migratory and resident birds in terms of behavior, physiology, genetics, ecology, and evolution are the best documented changes reported in the animal world. This systematic review focuses on the studies conducted/published in the two most recent decades (2001–2020) regarding the effects of global climate change on birds. The PSALSAR [Protocol, Search, Appraisal, Synthesis, Analysis and Reporting results] approach was used to conduct the review. Information from a total of 170 publications in two databases (PUBMED and Google Scholar) including journal articles, books, book chapters, reviews, and reports were extracted and analyzed under ten criteria. An increase in publication number was observed in both databases. Overall, the highest number of publications were available for the year 2019. The highest number (141) of selected publications were journal articles. The highest number of articles (41) were from PLOS One. Selected articles’ study periods ranged between 1830 to 2100. Twenty‐eight studies were done in a global scale. Other studies scaled around eight regions, five continents and 40 countries. Behavior and ecology related consequences were studied the most. Eighty‐two studies used primary data sources and 88 studies used secondary data sources. Quantification, mapping, and modeling were the most utilized modes of assessments. Most studies species are Pied Flycatcher (Ficedula hypoleuca), Blue Tit (Cyanistes caeruleus), and Tree Swallow (Tachycineta bicolor). Majority of the publications were based on expansion of knowledge.
Concluding Remarks on the Evolution of New Working Spaces
Authors: Mariotti Ilaria , Tomaz Elisabete , Micek Grzegorz , Méndez-Ortega Carles
Published: February 2024

The concluding chapter briefly describes the trends and evolution of NeWSps types referring to what has been explored and presented in the book chapters. The COVID-19 pandemic and the growth of remote working have favoured hybrid types of NeWSps. Besides, the chapter explores the positive role of NeWSps in rural and remote areas, which are affected by depopulation challenges, and puts forward future research.
Theoretical Framework of the Location of Coworking Spaces
Authors: Mariotti Ilaria , Micek Grzegorz
Published: February 2024

Location theory focuses on the optimal location choice determined by the attractiveness of sites for firm location. This chapter reviews the location theories (neoclassical, behavioral, institutional, and evolutionary), which offer insights into the location factors of coworking spaces that can be assimilated to those of the service sectors. It discusses the role of proximity measures a là Boschma and presents a literature review of the studies exploring coworking spaces’ location factors. Conclusions and future research lines conclude the chapter.
Maximum Likelihood
Authors: Breiding Paul , Kohn Kathlén , Sturmfels Bernd
Published: February 2024

In Chapter 2, we discussed the problem of minimizing the Euclidean distance from a data point u to a model X in $$\mathbb{R}^{n}$$ that is described by polynomial equations. In Chapter 5, we studied the analogous problem in the setting of algebraic statistics [167], where the model X represents a family of probability distributions, and we used the Wasserstein metric to measure the distance from u to X. Finally, in Chapter 9, we considered the distance from a polynomial system u to the discriminant in the context of numerical analysis.
Sampling
Authors: Breiding Paul , Kohn Kathlén , Sturmfels Bernd
Published: February 2024

In this book, we studied the metric geometry of algebraic varieties from an applied and computational perspective. We now add probability theory into this mix. This chapter is about sampling from a real variety X.
Computations
Authors: Breiding Paul , Kohn Kathlén , Sturmfels Bernd
Published: February 2024

In this chapter, we study two computational approaches to solve a system of polynomial equations.
Scales of Political Practice and Patterns of Power Relations in Prehistory
Authors: Schaefer-Di Maida Stefanie , Laabs Julian , Wunderlich Maria , Hofmann Robert , Piezonka Henny , Kreuz Patric-Alexander , Sabnis Shikharani , Brozio Jan Piet , Dickie Caitriona , Furholt Martin
Published: February 2024

Political practices are fundamental for co-existence in human groups, yet the systematic investigation of such practices within prehistoric societies is still very much pending. Relevant discussions are often limited to cases of obvious asymmetric power relations and the alleged establishment of elites. In order to fill this complex gap in the current discussion we take a systematic approach exploring the nature and organisation of prehistoric power relations, decision-making and conflict resolution. We investigate changes in political practices through a diachronic set of case studies from prehistoric west Eurasia, examining the impact of these changes on the overall transformative processes of prehistoric sociality.

Here, we explore a set of parameters in five case studies from prehistoric Eurasia in order to characterise power relations and to reconstruct political negotiation and decision-making processes that constitute political practices. The case studies exhibit socio-political complexity in a variety of forms, encompassing a wide range of situations from Mesolithic Siberia, LBK Vráble Slovakia, Neolithic Pile-dwellings Switzerland, Copper Age Tripolye Ukraine, Neolithic and Bronze Age Schleswig-Holstein, to Iron Age Greece. As archaeological proxies, eight parameters have been identified as markers of political practice to be used as a comparative framework: community site, conformity/diversity, (critical) resource access and distribution, network configurations, organisation of decision-making, property rights, (violent) conflict and resolution, and knowledge.

In this chapter we aim to develop a systematic approach for the analysis of political practices in order to enable the identification of patterns of power relations within the prehistory of Eurasia. This way we will develop a long-term perspective on transformations of these practices at a geographical macro scale.
Search for WIMPs at future μ+μ+ colliders
Authors: Fukuda Hajime , Moroi Takeo , Niki Atsuya , Wei Shang-Fu
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Weakly interacting massive particles (WIMPs) with electroweak charges, such as the wino and the Higgsino, stand out as natural candidates for dark matter in the universe. In this paper, we study the search for WIMPs at future multi-TeV μ+μ+ colliders. We investigate both the direct production search of WIMPs through the mono-muon channel and the indirect search through quantum corrections in elastic μ+μ+ Møller scattering. We find that the indirect search has an advantage over the direct search with sufficient luminosities, $$ \mathcal{O}\left({\textrm{ab}}^{-1}\right) $$
O

ab

−
1

, and low systematic uncertainties, ≲ 0.3 %. This advantage arises due to the weaker mass dependence observed in the indirect search in comparison to direct production methods. The advantage is further enhanced if the initial muon beams are polarized. Specifically, we demonstrate that the indirect search method can detect the thermal mass target for the wino and the Higgsino for $$ \sqrt{s} $$

s

= 6 TeV and 2 TeV (with $$ \sqrt{s} $$

s

being the center of mass energy), respectively, with 10 ab−1, an 80 % polarized beam and an accuracy of 0.1 %. Our findings illuminate the potential of future high-energy μ+μ+ colliders in advancing our understanding of dark matter.
Quantum transport theory for neutrinos with flavor and particle-antiparticle mixing
Authors: Kainulainen Kimmo , Parkkinen Harri
Published: February 2024

Abstract

We derive quantum kinetic equations for mixing neutrinos including consistent forward scattering terms and collision integrals for coherent neutrino states. In practice, we reduce the general Kadanoff-Baym equations in a few clearly justified steps to a generalized density matrix equation that describes both the flavour- and particle-antiparticle coherences and is valid for arbitrary neutrino masses and kinematics. We then reduce this equation to a simpler particle-antiparticle diagonal limit and eventually to the ultra-relativistic limit. Our derivation includes simple Feynman rules for computing collision integrals with the coherence information. We also expose a novel spectral shell structure underlying the mixing phenomenon and quantify how the prior information on the system impacts on the QKE’s, leading to a direct effect on its evolution. Our results can be used for example to accurately model neutrino distributions in hot and dense environments and to study the production and decay of mixing heavy neutrinos in colliders.
Plumage and eggshell colouration covary with the level of sex-specific parental contributions to nest building in birds
Authors: Nagy Jenő , Hauber Mark E. , Löki Viktor , Mainwaring Mark C.
Published: February 2024

Interspecific variation in sex-specific contributions to prenatal parental care, including avian nest building, is becoming increasingly better understood as we amass more information on more species. We examined whether sex-specific nest building contributions covary with the colouration of parents and their eggs in 521 species of Western Palearctic birds. Having colourful plumage and laying colourful eggs are costly because of the deposition of pigments in feathers and eggs and/or forming costly nanostructural substrates in feathers, and so it might be expected that those costs covary with the costs of nest building at the level of individuals and/or across species to produce of a suite of codivergent traits. Using a phylogenetically informed approach, we tested the hypothesis that species in which females alone invest energy building nests exhibit less sexual plumage dichromatism. However, we found comparative support for the opposite of this prediction. We then tested that species in which females alone build nests lay more colourful, and costlier, eggs because the dual costs of building nests and laying colourful eggs can only be borne by higher quality individuals. As expected, we found that species in which females build nests alone or together with males are more likely to lay colourfully pigmented eggs relative to species in which only males build nests. Finally, stochastic character mapping provided evidence of the repeated evolution of female-only nest building. Interspecific sex differences in plumage colouration therefore covary in a complex manner with female pre- (nest building) and post-copulatory (egg production) investment in reproduction.
Classification of hazelnut varieties based on bigtransfer deep learning model
Authors: Dönmez Emrah , Kılıçarslan Serhat , Diker Aykut
Published: February 2024

Hazelnut is an agricultural product that contributes greatly to the economy of the countries where it is grown. The human factor plays a major role in hazelnut classification. The typical approach involves manual inspection of each sample by experts, a process that is both labor-intensive and time-consuming, and often suffers from limited sensitivity. The deep learning techniques are extremely important in the classification and detection of agricultural products. Deep learning has great potential in the agricultural sector. This technology can improve product quality, increase productivity, and offer farmers the ability to classify and detect their produce more effectively. This is important for sustainability and efficiency in the agricultural industry. In this paper aims to the application of deep learning algorithms to streamline hazelnut classification, reducing the need for manual labor, time, and cost in the sorting process. The study utilized hazelnut images from three different varieties: Giresun, Ordu, and Van, comprising a dataset of 1165 images for Giresun, 1324 for Ordu, and 1138 for Van hazelnuts. This dataset is an open-access dataset. In the study, experiments were carried out on the determination of hazelnut varieties with BigTransfer (BiT)-M R50 × 1, BiT-M R101 × 3 and BiT-M R152 × 4 models. Deep learning models, including big transfer was employed for classification. The classification task involved 3627 nut images and resulted in a remarkable accuracy of 99.49% with the BiT-M R152 × 4 model. These innovative methods can also lead to patentable products and devices in various industries, thereby boosting the economic value of the country.
Transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics interventions prompt crop improvement against metal(loid) toxicity
Authors: Raza Ali , Salehi Hajar , Bashir Shanza , Tabassum Javaria , Jamla Monica , Charagh Sidra , Barmukh Rutwik , Mir Rakeeb Ahmad , Bhat Basharat Ahmad , Javed Muhammad Arshad , Guan Dong-Xing , Mir Reyazul Rouf , Siddique Kadambot H. M. , Varshney Rajeev K.
Published: February 2024

The escalating challenges posed by metal(loid) toxicity in agricultural ecosystems, exacerbated by rapid climate change and anthropogenic pressures, demand urgent attention. Soil contamination is a critical issue because it significantly impacts crop productivity. The widespread threat of metal(loid) toxicity can jeopardize global food security due to contaminated food supplies and pose environmental risks, contributing to soil and water pollution and thus impacting the whole ecosystem. In this context, plants have evolved complex mechanisms to combat metal(loid) stress. Amid the array of innovative approaches, omics, notably transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics, have emerged as transformative tools, shedding light on the genes, proteins, and key metabolites involved in metal(loid) stress responses and tolerance mechanisms. These identified candidates hold promise for developing high-yielding crops with desirable agronomic traits. Computational biology tools like bioinformatics, biological databases, and analytical pipelines support these omics approaches by harnessing diverse information and facilitating the mapping of genotype-to-phenotype relationships under stress conditions. This review explores: (1) the multifaceted strategies that plants use to adapt to metal(loid) toxicity in their environment; (2) the latest findings in metal(loid)-mediated transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics studies across various plant species; (3) the integration of omics data with artificial intelligence and high-throughput phenotyping; (4) the latest bioinformatics databases, tools and pipelines for single and/or multi-omics data integration; (5) the latest insights into stress adaptations and tolerance mechanisms for future outlooks; and (6) the capacity of omics advances for creating sustainable and resilient crop plants that can thrive in metal(loid)-contaminated environments.
The value of C-reactive protein, leucocytes and vital signs in detecting major complications after oncological colorectal surgery
Authors: Gielen Anke H. C. , Schoenmakers Maud , Breukink Stephanie O. , Winkens Bjorn , van der Horst Jischmaël , Wevers Kevin P. , Melenhorst Jarno
Published: February 2024

Purpose

To assess the association of postoperative C-reactive protein (CRP), leucocytes and vital signs in the first three postoperative days (PODs) with major complications after oncological colorectal resections in a tertiary referral centre for colorectal cancer in The Netherlands.

Methods

A retrospective cohort study, including 594 consecutive patients who underwent an oncological colorectal resection at Maastricht University Medical Centre between January 2016 and December 2020. Descriptive analyses of patient characteristics were performed. Logistic regression models were used to assess associations of leucocytes, CRP and Modified Early Warning Score (MEWS) at PODs 1–3 with major complications. Receiver operating characteristic curve analyses were used to establish cut-off values for CRP.

Results

A total of 364 (61.3%) patients have recovered without any postoperative complications, 134 (22.6%) patients have encountered minor complications and 96 (16.2%) developed major complications. CRP levels reached their peak on POD 2, with a mean value of 155 mg/L. This peak was significantly higher in patients with more advanced stages of disease and patients undergoing open procedures, regardless of complications. A cut-off value of 170 mg/L was established for CRP on POD 2 and 152 mg/L on POD 3. Leucocytes and MEWS also demonstrated a peak on POD 2 for patients with major complications.

Conclusions

Statistically significant associations were found for CRP, Δ CRP, Δ leucocytes and MEWS with major complications on POD 2. Patients with CRP levels ≥ 170 mg/L on POD 2 should be carefully evaluated, as this may indicate an increased risk of developing major complications.
COVID-19 in the Netherlands: lessons from a nationwide query of dutch autopsy, histology, and cytology pathological reports
Authors: Lopuhaä Boaz , Voorham Q. J. M. , van Kemenade Folkert J. , von der Thüsen Jan H.
Published: February 2024

Since the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, autopsies have played a valuable role in understanding the pathophysiology of COVID-19. In this study, we have analyzed COVID-19-related pathology reports from autopsies, histology, and cytology on a nationwide level. Pathology reports from all 43 pathology laboratories in the Netherlands stating “COVID,” “Corona,” and/or “SARS” were queried from the Dutch Nationwide Pathology Database (Palga). Consecutive reports of the included patients were also retrieved. Out of 5065 entries, a total of 1833 eligible COVID-19-related pathology reports between January 2020 and June 2021 were included in this collection of reports. Lung histopathology reports reflected differences in the severity of abnormalities (acute diffuse alveolar damage, alveolar histiocytes, and thrombi during the first three pandemic waves (Wuhan variant) versus the fourth wave (alpha variant)). Autopsy reports from 2020 state significantly shorter disease duration and younger age of death compared to autopsy reports from 2021. All reports together reflected a more granular pathology with comorbidities such as chronic histiocytic intervillositis, perniosis, and thrombi found in a variety of organs (lungs, kidneys, and small and large intestines). This nationwide overview of pathology reports provides data related to deaths as well as comorbidities in a clinical setting of COVID-19. Certain findings reported in SARS-CoV-infected lungs and placentas were also reported in post-COVID-19 tissue of the same kind. Consecutive reports after the earliest reports with COVID-19 allowed for follow-up reports. These follow-up reports can help with post-viral studies regarding long-term effects of COVID-19 as well as identifying the effects of different SARS-CoV-2 variants.
Determinants of health-related quality of life in healthy children and adolescents during the COVID-19 pandemic: Results from a prospective longitudinal cohort study
Authors: Haile Sarah R. , Peralta Gabriela P. , Raineri Alessia , Rueegg Sonja , Ulytė Agnė , Puhan Milo A. , Radtke Thomas , Kriemler Susi
Published: February 2024

Understanding health-related quality of life (HRQOL) in children and adolescents, during a pandemic and afterwards, aids in understanding how circumstances in their lives impact their well-being. We aimed to identify determinants of HRQOL from a broad range of biological, psychological, and social factors in a large longitudinal population-based sample. Data was taken from a longitudinal sample (n = 1843) of children and adolescents enrolled in the prospective school-based cohort study Ciao Corona in Switzerland. The primary outcome was HRQOL, assessed using the KINDL total score and its subscales (each from 0, worst, to 100, best). Potential determinants, including biological (physical activity, screen time, sleep, etc.), psychological (sadness, anxiousness, stress), and social (nationality, parents’ education, etc.) factors, were assessed in 2020 and 2021 and HRQOL in 2022. Determinants were identified in a data-driven manner using recursive partitioning to define homogeneous subgroups, stratified by school level. Median KINDL total score in the empirically identified subgroups ranged from 68 to 83 in primary school children and from 69 to 82 in adolescents in secondary school. The psychological factors sadness, anxiousness, and stress in 2021 were identified as the most important determinants of HRQOL in both primary and secondary school children. Other factors, such as physical activity, screen time, chronic health conditions, or nationality, were determinants only in individual subscales.

Conclusion: Recent mental health, more than biological, physical, or social factors, played a key role in determining HRQOL in children and adolescents during pandemic times. Public health strategies to improve mental health may therefore be effective in improving HRQOL in this age group.

What is Known:• Assessing health-related quality of life (HRQOL) in children and adolescents aids in understanding how life circumstances impact their well-being.• HRQOL is a complex construct, involving biological, psychological, and social factors. Factors driving HRQOL in children and adolescents are not often studied in longitudinal population-based samples.

What is New:• Mental health (stress, anxiousness, sadness) played a key role in determining HRQOL during the coronavirus pandemic, more than biological or social factors.• Public health strategies to improve mental health may be effective in improving HRQOL in children.
Bartonella in bat flies from the Egyptian fruit bat in the Middle East
Authors: Špitalská Eva , Ševčík Martin , Peresh Yevheniy-Yuliy , Benda Petr
Published: February 2024

In the family of fruit bats, Pteropodidae Gray, 1821, as in the third most diverse group of bats (Chiroptera), the bacterium of the genus Bartonella was detected in several species as well as in a few species of their insect ectoparasites in some tropical and sub-tropical regions of the Old World. The Egyptian fruit bat, Rousettus aegyptiacus (Geoffroy, 1810), is one of the most widespread fruit bats, occurring between South Africa, Senegal, and Pakistan. In this bat species, Candidatus Bartonella rousetti has been detected in three African populations in Nigeria, Kenya, and Zambia. This fruit bat, however, also occurs in the Palaearctic, an area isolating the species geographically and phylogenetically from the Afrotropical part of its distribution range. We screened the blood-sucking bat flies (family Nycteribiidae) from R. aegyptiacus for the presence of the Bartonella bacteria. A rich material of bat fly Eucampsipoda aegyptia (Macquart, 1850), a monoxenous ectoparasite of the Egyptian fruit bats, was collected at 26 localities in seven countries (Egypt, Iran, Jordan, Lebanon, Oman, United Arab Emirates, and Yemen) of the Middle East in 2007–2013. The DNA isolates from the bat flies were subjected to a three-marker (gltA, ssrA, and intergenic spacer region, ITS) multilocus sequence analysis. Based on the amplification of the fragment of ssrA gene by a real-time PCR, 65 E. aegyptia samples from 19 localities in all seven countries were positive for the bacteria. One to five Bartonella-positive individuals of E. aegyptia were collected per one individual of R. aegyptiacus. An analysis of the ITS and gltA genes indicated the presence of an uncultured Bartonella sp., belonging to the Cand. B. rousetti genogroup, identified from populations of the Egyptian fruit bat in Africa. These results support the hypothesis that Bartonella’s diversity corresponds to its host’s diversity (and phylogenetic structure). Specific lineages of pathogens are present in specific phylogenetic groups of bats.
Detecting SQL injection attacks by binary gray wolf optimizer and machine learning algorithms
Authors: Arasteh Bahman , Aghaei Babak , Farzad Behnoud , Arasteh Keyvan , Kiani Farzad , Torkamanian-Afshar Mahsa
Published: February 2024

SQL injection is one of the important security issues in web applications because it allows an attacker to interact with the application's database. SQL injection attacks can be detected using machine learning algorithms. The effective features should be employed in the training stage to develop an optimal classifier with optimal accuracy. Identifying the most effective features is an NP-complete combinatorial optimization problem. Feature selection is the process of selecting the training dataset's smallest and most effective features. The main objective of this study is to enhance the accuracy, precision, and sensitivity of the SQLi detection method. In this study, an effective method to detect SQL injection attacks has been proposed. In the first stage, a specific training dataset consisting of 13 features was prepared. In the second stage, two different binary versions of the Gray-Wolf algorithm were developed to select the most effective features of the dataset. The created optimal datasets were used by different machine learning algorithms. Creating a new SQLi training dataset with 13 numeric features, developing two different binary versions of the gray wolf optimizer to optimally select the features of the dataset, and creating an effective and efficient classifier to detect SQLi attacks are the main contributions of this study. The results of the conducted tests indicate that the proposed SQL injection detector obtain 99.68% accuracy, 99.40% precision, and 98.72% sensitivity. The proposed method increases the efficiency of attack detection methods by selecting 20% of the most effective features.
Advancing 3D printed microfluidics with computational methods for sweat analysis
Authors: Ece Emre , Ölmez Kadriye , Hacıosmanoğlu Nedim , Atabay Maryam , Inci Fatih
Published: February 2024

The intricate tapestry of biomarkers, including proteins, lipids, carbohydrates, vesicles, and nucleic acids within sweat, exhibits a profound correlation with the ones in the bloodstream. The facile extraction of samples from sweat glands has recently positioned sweat sampling at the forefront of non-invasive health monitoring and diagnostics. While extant platforms for sweat analysis exist, the imperative for portability, cost-effectiveness, ease of manufacture, and expeditious turnaround underscores the necessity for parameters that transcend conventional considerations. In this regard, 3D printed microfluidic devices emerge as promising systems, offering a harmonious fusion of attributes such as multifunctional integration, flexibility, biocompatibility, a controlled closed environment, and a minimal requisite analyte volume—features that leverage their prominence in the realm of sweat analysis. However, formidable challenges, including high throughput demands, chemical interactions intrinsic to the printing materials, size constraints, and durability concerns, beset the landscape of 3D printed microfluidic devices. Within this paradigm, we expound upon the foundational aspects of 3D printed microfluidic devices and proffer a distinctive perspective by delving into the computational study of printing materials utilizing density functional theory (DFT) and molecular dynamics (MD) methodologies. This multifaceted approach serves manifold purposes: (i) understanding the complexity of microfluidic systems, (ii) facilitating comprehensive analyses, (iii) saving both cost and time, (iv) improving design optimization, and (v) augmenting resolution. In a nutshell, the allure of 3D printing lies in its capacity for affordable and expeditious production, offering seamless integration of diverse components into microfluidic devices—a testament to their inherent utility in the domain of sweat analysis. The synergistic fusion of computational assessment methodologies with materials science not only optimizes analysis and production processes, but also expedites their widespread accessibility, ensuring continuous biomarker monitoring from sweat for end-users.

Graphical Abstract
The restorative and state enhancing potential of abstract fractal-like imagery and interactive mindfulness interventions in virtual reality
Authors: Barton Adam C. , Do Michael , Sheen Jade , Byrne Linda K.
Published: February 2024

The restorative and mental state enhancing effects of brief mindfulness-based interventions (MBIs) and restorative environments such as nature has been supported in the research literature. However, regular adoption of these practices is limited by practical constraints and motivational barriers. The current study addressed these challenges by introducing two novel approaches which utilise the immersive and interactive qualities of virtual reality (VR). This included an interactive MBI and an abstract restorative environment using fractal-like imagery. These approaches were explored using a comparative evaluation of two short (6 min) VR interventions: Passive VR (applying principles from restorative interventions) and Interactive VR (implementing a focused attention form of mindfulness meditation). A mixed methods approach revealed increased state mindfulness, reduced mental fatigue, and enhanced aspects of mood (calm/relaxation, anxiety) consistently between conditions. Between group differences revealed additional benefits for cognition (focus), mood (happiness and sadness), and motivational value with the interactive intervention. The abstract environment, used in both interventions, maintained comparable levels of perceived restoration with a nature VR control condition. The results provide preliminary evidence supporting the use of interactive approaches for mindfulness interventions and abstract versions of restorative environments.
Current status of head and neck sarcomas in Japan in 2016–2019: an analysis using the national cancer registry
Authors: Rikitake Ryoko , Mizushima Yu , Yoshimoto Seiichi , Higashi Takahiro , Satake Tomoyuki , Morizane Chigusa , Kawai Akira
Published: February 2024

Background

Head and neck sarcomas are especially rare in Asia, leading to limited clinical evidence. This study aimed to investigate the incidence, clinical features, treatment status, and outcome of these sarcomas using data from the National Cancer Registry in Japan.

Methods

All head and neck sarcomas diagnosed between 2016 and 2019 and recorded in the National Cancer Registry were analyzed. Data on sex, age, primary site, histological type, stage, treatment modality, and prognostic information were collected. Age-adjusted incidence and 3-year survival rates of patients with head and neck sarcomas were calculated.

Results

Overall, 635 head and neck sarcoma patients were identified. Head and neck sarcoma occurred more frequently in men and patients in their 70 s. The age-adjusted annual incidence rate was 0.125 per 100,000 patients in the 2015 Japanese model or 0.089 per 100,000 patients in the world population model. The nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses were the most frequent primary sites, with rhabdomyosarcoma as the most common histologic type. Treatment typically involved chemotherapy and/or radiation therapy for rhabdomyosarcoma and Ewing’s sarcoma, whereas surgical approaches for other types. Three-year survival rate of head and neck sarcoma patients was 64.8%.

Conclusions

Head and neck sarcomas occurred rarely, but most frequently in the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses in Japan. Poor outcomes were observed for sarcoma patients than for non-sarcoma head and neck cancer patients.