bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Prognosis impact of multiple novel lymphocyte‐based inflammatory indices in patients with initially diagnosed coronary artery disease
Authors: Gao Yi , Bai Geng , Li Yuqing , Yu Bo , Guo Ziqiang , Chen Xiaolin , Liu Tong , Li Guangping
Published: September 2024

Background

This study aimed to evaluate six novel lymphocyte‐based inflammatory markers (neutrophil‐lymphocyte ratio, monocyte‐lymphocyte ratio, platelet‐lymphocyte ratio [PLR], systemic immune inflammation index [SII], systemic inflammatory response index, and systemic immune inflammation response index [SIIRI]) in patients with newly diagnosed coronary artery disease [CAD].

Methods

A total of 959 patients newly diagnosed with CAD and underwent diagnostic coronary angiography were enrolled in this study and followed for major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs), including cardiovascular death, nonfatal myocardial infarction, and nonfatal stroke. The best cutoff value was used to compare the six indicators. Cox risk regression analysis evaluated the relationship between novel lymphocyte‐based inflammatory markers and MACEs in newly diagnosed CAD patients.

Results

During a mean follow‐up period of 33.3 ± 9.9 months, 229 (23.9%) MACEs were identified. Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that only SIIRI (hazard ratio [HR]: 5.853; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 4.092–8.371; p < .001) and PLR (HR: 1.725; 95% CI: 1.214–2.452; p = .002) were independent predictors of MACEs. Nevertheless, following the adjustment for covariates, only the SIIRI was found to be a significant predictor MACEs and its corresponding specific endpoint occurrences. The predictive ability of the model was improved when six different inflammatory markers were added to the basic model established by traditional risk factors, namely, the C‐index increased, and the SIIRI increased most significantly (AUC: 0.778; 95% CI: 0.743–0.812; p < .001). However, among the six novel inflammatory markers, only SIIRI had improved net reclassification improvement (NRI) and integrated discrimination improvement (IDI) (NRI: 0.187; 95% CI: 0.115–0.259, p < .001. IDI: 0.135; 95% CI: 0.111–0.159, p < .001), which was superior to the basic model established by traditional risk factors.

Conclusions

SIIRI is independent predictor of MACEs in newly diagnosed CAD patients. SIIRI was superior to other measures in predicting MACEs. The combination of SIIRI and traditional risk factors can more accurately predict MACEs.
Photoplethysmography‐Based Angiography of Skin Tumors in Arbitrary Areas of Human Body
Authors: Guryleva Anastasia , Machikhin Alexander , Orlova Ekaterina , Kulikova Evgeniya , Volkov Michail , Gabrielian Gaiane , Smirnova Ludmila , Sekacheva Marina , Olisova Olga , Rudenko Ekaterina , Lobanova Olga , Smolyannikova Vera , Demura Tatiana
Published: September 2024

Noninvasive, rapid, and robust diagnostic techniques for clinical screening of tumors located in arbitrary areas of the human body are in demand. To address this challenge, we analyzed the feasibility of photoplethysmography‐based angiography for assessing vascular structures within malignant and benign tumors. The proposed hardware and software were approved in a clinical study involving 30 patients with tumors located in the legs, torso, arms, and head. High‐contrast and detailed vessel maps within both benign and malignant tumors were obtained. We demonstrated that capillary maps are consistent and can be interpreted using well‐established dermoscopic criteria for vascular morphology. Vessel mapping provides valuable details, which may not be available in dermoscopic images and can aid in determining whether a tumor is benign or malignant. We believe that the proposed approach may become a valuable tool in the preliminary cancer diagnosis and is suitable for large‐scale screening.
Evaluating cryptographic vulnerabilities created by quantum computing in industrial control systems
Authors: Vermeer Michael J. D. , Heitzenrater Chad , Parker Edward , Moon Alvin , Lumpkin Domenique , Awan Jalal
Published: September 2024

Quantum computing is expected to eventually be able to break the public‐key cryptography algorithms currently used throughout information technology (IT) infrastructure, undermining foundational tools used to maintain information security across the country's critical infrastructure. As these systems converge, the security posture of operational technology (OT) systems has to adapt to a new threat landscape and adopt some of the same security controls as those used in enterprise IT, especially cryptographic controls that rely on public‐key cryptography, which are ubiquitous in enterprise IT systems. Operators and manufacturers of industrial control systems (ICSs) and OT systems will need to understand and address the unique ways in which these systems will be vulnerable to adversaries equipped with quantum computers. We assessed quantum computing–facilitated cryptographic vulnerabilities in ICSs and OT systems to identify the issues in need of the most‐urgent attention from ICS and OT owners, operators, and manufacturers. Employing a modified consequence‐driven, cyber‐informed engineering process informed by literature review and analysis, we mapped protocols using or enabling cryptographic protections across common ICS network topologies as part of an assessment of how an attacker could cause harm, especially damaging physical consequences resulting from manipulation of cyber–physical systems, through the cryptographic compromise of ICS and OT networks and components. Our evaluation of identified and ranked risks to related control systems was also informed by relevant literature on ICS risk assessment and mitigation, cyber harms, and historical attacks on critical infrastructure. Using our analysis, we assessed the overall difficulty in mitigating risk from each of the identified vulnerability archetypes. The resulting analysis identified vulnerabilities associated with code‐signing processes as the highest priority for attention when updating systems for a postquantum future. This risk was followed by vulnerabilities associated with forged certificates for identification and vulnerabilities associated with forged session keys, identified as lower priorities but still of concern. Informed by our findings, we offer recommendations related to the protection of these vulnerabilities and the improvement of ICS security in developed systems.
An extension of Nash‐Williams and Tutte's Theorem
Authors: Fang Xuqian , Yang Daqing
Published: September 2024

The celebrated Nash‐Williams and Tutte's Theorem states that a graph contains edge‐disjoint spanning trees if and only if , where

In this paper, we prove that, for integers , , if , then contains edge‐disjoint spanning trees and another forest with , and if is not a spanning tree, then has a component with at least edges. Moreover, the bound of is sharp.
Identification of regions maintaining atrial fibrillation through cycle length and cycle length gradient mapping
Authors: Shimojo Masafumi , Inden Yasuya , Yanagisawa Satoshi , Yamauchi Ryota , Hiramatsu Kei , Iwawaki Tomoya , Tachi Masaya , Kondo Shun , Goto Takayuki , Tsuji Yukiomi , Murohara Toyoaki
Published: September 2024

Background

Visualizing the specific regions where atrial fibrillation (AF) is maintained is crucial for effective treatment, but it remains challenging in clinical practice. We aimed to address this challenge by developing a mapping approach focused on the cycle length (CL) and its gradient (CL‐gradient).

Methods

In 105 patients undergoing initial ablation for persistent AF, pre‐ablation CARTOFINDER data were utilized to create maps based on three indicators: (1) CL, the atrial frequency during AF calculated using CARTOFINDER; (2) Short CL, encompassing CLs within 5 ms of the minimum CL; and (3) CL‐gradient, the CL range within a 6 mm radius. We evaluated the association between the AF termination through ablation and the measured values and patterns in each map.

Results

AF termination occurred in 17 patients. The AF termination group exhibited the significant large maximum CL‐gradient (48.8 ms [interquartile range, 38.6–66.3], p <.001) and the short distance between the minimum CL site and the maximum CL‐gradient site (15.8 mm, [interquartile range, 6.0–23.2], p =.029). Of the 17 AF termination cases, 13 exhibited a CL distribution pattern characterized by a steep CL‐gradient near the minimum CL site (SG‐MCL), defined as the distance of less than 23.2 mm and the maximum CL‐gradient greater than 33.1 ms. In these AF termination cases, SG‐MCL was also correlated with the ablation area.

Conclusions

The minimum CL area accompanied by significant CL gradients in the immediate vicinity may play a crucial role in sustaining AF.
Understanding the Changes in Moisture Budget of Extreme Wet Indian Summer Monsoon Precipitation in CMIP6
Authors: Byju Pookkandy , Muruki Santosh Kumar , Mathew Milan , Venkatramana Kaagita , Krishnamohan K. S.
Published: September 2024

Climate change is expected to have a considerable impact on precipitation leading to more intense and frequent extreme events. Considering the different driving mechanisms of precipitation extreme is essential to understand the changes in response to climate change. In this study, we decompose the intensity of extreme wet month precipitation (EWMP) during the Indian summer monsoon (ISM) into atmospheric dynamic, thermodynamic and non‐linear components by using moisture budget estimation. The data from 19 Coupled Model Intercomparison Project phase‐6 (CMIP6) models are used for historical, intermediate (SSP2‐4.5), and high‐emission (SSP5‐8.5) scenarios and the changes are estimated for near (2021–2040), mid (2041–2060), and far‐future (2081–2100) relative to the historical (1995–2014) period for different monsoon sub‐domains. The findings reveal a significant increase in the intensity of EWMP in the ISM, projecting 2%–12% in SSP2‐4.5 and 8%–25% in SSP5‐8.5 for the far‐future. The enhanced vertical ascent of moisture (V‐Dyn) is found to be a dominant factor contributing more than 70% to EWMP in most sub‐domains. However, regardless of enhancement in intensity of precipitation, the models simulate a reduction in impact of the V‐Dyn by 10%–35% from the near to far‐future period, particularly in high emission scenarios. Vertical thermodynamic and non‐linear moisture advection components also play minor roles (<5% in historical), with their influence gradually increasing with future warming (>15% in SSP5‐8.5). The responses also vary regionally for components such as horizontal dynamic term, where it leads to precipitation offset in the northern regions, but causes enhanced precipitation in southern regions. The study highlights the spatial and temporal variability of moisture budgets of extreme wet Indian summer monsoon precipitation in a warming environment.
Association of Hospital Volume With Quality Care Outcomes Following Minor and Major Hepatectomy for Primary Liver Cancer
Authors: Janczewski Lauren M. , Vitello Dominic J. , Peters Xane , Valukas Catherine , Merkow Ryan P. , Bentrem David J.
Published: September 2024

Introduction

Regionalizing hepatic resections to high‐volume hospitals (HVH) has improved outcomes, yet widened disparities in access. We sought to evaluate the association of hospital volume with quality care outcomes and overall survival (OS) between minor and major hepatectomy for primary liver cancer.

Methods

The National Cancer Database identified patients with primary liver cancer who underwent minor/major hepatectomy (2009–2019). HVHs were defined by the top quartile in annual case volume (vs. the bottom three quartiles). Quality care outcomes (time to resection, margin status, length of stay, 30‐day readmission, 30‐day mortality, 90‐day mortality) and OS were assessed using multivariable regression.

Results

Overall, 6,988 patients underwent minor hepatectomy and 4880 major hepatectomy. No differences in quality care outcomes or OS based on hospital volume for minor hepatectomy were observed (all p > 0.05). Treatment at HVHs for major hepatectomy was associated with decreased odds of 30‐day and 90‐day mortality events (all p < 0.05). Median OS was 40.2 months [IQR 21.7–66.6] at HVHs versus 33.5 [IQR 17.0–58.7] at low‐volume hospitals which remained independently predictive of improved OS on multivariable analysis (HR 0.86, 95% CI 0.79–0.93).

Conclusion

These results support regionalization to HVHs for major hepatectomy; however, minor hepatectomy can be safely performed at hospitals regardless of volume.
Personal or Social? The Role of Fear of Missing Out in Poverty Alleviation Tourism
Authors: Wut Tai Ming , Lee Daisy , Wan Calvin
Published: September 2024

This study contributes to the literature on fear of missing out (FOMO) and poverty alleviation that tourists can be simultaneously affected by both personal FOMO (P‐FOMO) and social FOMO (S‐FOMO). The former is an individual‐based feeling, while the latter is how the individual would like to be perceived by others. An online survey was conducted using a quasi‐experimental approach with a sample of 493 Mainland China respondents. We analyzed the impact of FOMO‐laden online information on Chinese tourists subject to poverty alleviation travel. Anticipated elation, anticipated envy by other people, and moral obligation associated with P‐FOMO, while anticipated envy by other people, moral obligation, and social influence associated with S‐FOMO. The P‐FOMO affects tourists' intention to visit, rather than S‐FOMO. We fill the theoretical gap by examining FOMO in the context of poverty alleviation travel and subsequently contribute to sustainable tourism through poverty alleviation in this specific industry.
Specific fibre areas in the femoral footprint of the posterior cruciate ligament act as a major contributor in resisting posterior tibial displacement: A biomechanical robotic investigation
Authors: Deichsel Adrian , Briese Thorben , Liu Wenke , Raschke Michael J. , Albert Alina , Peez Christian , Weiler Andreas , Kittl Christoph
Published: September 2024

Purpose

Similar to the anterior cruciate ligament, the femoral footprint of the posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) is composed of different fibre areas, possibly having distinct biomechanical functions. The aim of this study was to determine the role of different fibre areas of the femoral footprint of the PCL in restraining posterior tibial translation (PTT).

Methods

A sequential cutting study was performed on eight fresh‐frozen human knee specimens, utilizing a six‐degrees‐of‐freedom robotic test setup. The femoral attachment of the PCL was divided into 15 areas, which were sequentially cut from the bone in a randomized sequence. After determining the native knee kinematics, a displacement‐controlled protocol was performed replaying the native motion, while constantly measuring the force. The reduction of the restraining force presented the percentage contribution of each cut, according to the principle of superposition.

Results

The PCL was found to contribute 29 ± 16% in 0°, 51 ± 24% in 30°, 60 ± 22% in 60° and 55 ± 18% in 90°, to restricting a PTT. The fibre areas contributing the most were located at the proximal border of the PCL footprint, away from the cartilage, and directly adjacent to the medial intercondylar ridge (p < 0.05). Of these, one fibre area showed the highest contribution at all flexion angles. This area was located at the posterior half of the medial intercondylar ridge. No clear assignment of the areas to either the anterolateral or posteromedial bundle was possible.

Conclusion

An area towards the proximal and posterior part of the femoral PCL footprint was found to significantly restrain a posterior tibial force. Based on the data of this testing setup, a PCL graft positioned at the identified area may best mimic the part of the native PCL, which bears the most load in resisting a PTT force.

Level of Evidence

No evidence level (laboratory study).
Analysis of Ecological Vulnerability Control Strategies for Typical River Valley Cities in Northwest China: A Perspective of Spatial Heterogeneity
Authors: Zhu Yujie , Hou Kang , Chang Yue , Li Xuxiang , Yang Kexin
Published: September 2024

The spatial heterogeneity of ecological vulnerability (EV) is a key indicator of regional ecosystem differentiation. However, identifying the factors that contribute to this heterogeneity remains a challenge in current research. This study proposed the “Ecological vulnerability‐spatial heterogeneity‐zone” (ESHZ) framework as a solution to overcome the difficulties of monitoring spatial heterogeneity. Then, based on the typical river valley city Baoji in Northwest China as the research object, this framework was used to analyze and predict the evolution law of heterogeneity of EV from 2000 to 2030. The findings indicate the following: (1) Synthesized ecological vulnerability index (SEVI) in 2000 and 2020 was 2.47 and 2.49, respectively, with less than 5% of the total area transitioning to areas of higher EV, indicating a relatively stable ecological environment. (2) The clustering characteristics of EV remained stable, primarily showing non‐significant, high–high, and low–low clustering, with varying degrees of heterogeneity across different regions. (3) Factors analysis revealed that DEM and LUCC had been the dominant factors of EV, and that interactions between factors were stronger than interactions within them, suggesting that its spatial heterogeneity was the result of a combination of factors. (4) The CA‐Markov model predicted a gradual improvement in the ecological environment by 2030, with a Kappa coefficient test value of 0.7733. The framework constructed in this study proposes a perspective for improved analyses of spatial heterogeneity of ecosystems, providing a viable approach to the management of regional ecological vulnerability.
Ultrafast Laser Printing Green–Red Dual‐Phase Perovskite Quantum Dots in Glass
Authors: Xiao Han , Chen Ronghua , Zhou Zhehong , Lin Bing , Pang Tao , Lin Jidong , Zhang Ruidan , Huang Ping , Xie An , Chen Daqin
Published: September 2024

Flexible regulation of local chemistry and band gap of perovskite quantum dots (PeQDs) is crucial for exploring their new functionalities and device applications. In this work, a strategy based on the combination of femtosecond (fs) laser‐irradiation and thermal treatment to effectively manipulate chemical composition and emitting wavelength of PeQDs in amorphous glass, is reported. The engineering of ultrafast laser‐induced thermal effect enables to induce in situ nucleation/growth of dual‐phase PeQDs within an individual glass matrix. By elevating heat‐treatment (HT) temperature, I− ions are driven to surmount the diffusion barrier into the PeQDs lattice, leading to a tunable emission wavelength ranging from 613 to 647 nm. Besides, it is verified that the temperature‐dependent diffusion rate of I− ions plays a pivotal role in affecting luminescent efficiency and color of the dual‐phase glass. Finally, fs laser direct writing of multi‐color patterns is presented, which provides a flexible method to develop new encryption/decryption technology for information security and anti‐counterfeiting.
Into the virtual worlds: conceptualizing the consumer‐avatar journey in virtual environments
Authors: Peng Yue , Cowan Kirsten , Lo Ribeiro Joel
Published: September 2024

As digital representations of human controllers, consumer‐avatars play a pivotal role in enabling immersive consumer experiences in virtual environments. Despite their significance in digital marketing research, the literature on consumer‐avatars is highly fragmented and lacks comprehensive analysis across studies. To address this gap, we conducted a systematic literature review and developed a comprehensive conceptual framework of the consumer‐avatar journey, encompassing three unique phases: Self Representation, Avatar Embodiment, and Avatar‐Mediated Interactions. By integrating empirical evidence with multiple theoretical perspectives, including motivation, self‐concept, identification, and presence theories, we explored consumer motivations for self representation, how avatar identification occurs, and how avatar‐mediated interactions are facilitated by the sense of presence. Additionally, we examined the moderating roles of technological, social, and individual factors in these processes. Our study provides significant theoretical contributions to the current literature by consolidating fragmented research and offers practical insights for marketers to design effective strategies around consumer‐avatars. By elaborating on each phase of the consumer‐avatar journey, we developed 11 propositions and 5 research questions to guide future research on consumer‐avatars.
Coloniality, violence, and intergenerational trauma among displaced Syrians: An interdisciplinary scoping review
Authors: Rana Marya , Boyd‐MacMillan Eolene
Published: September 2024

Intergenerational trauma is a recognized outcome of situations of mass violence and can be transmitted through violence against children. In some communities, present‐day issues have been linked to intergenerational transmission of trauma from colonial violence and displacement. This study examined whether issues in displaced Syrian communities are being contextualized within histories of colonial violence through a public mental health framework, and surveyed the current state of the literature addressing the question: Is the colonial legacy of displaced Syrians related to instances of violence against children? This study adopted a scoping review approach. Searches on 12 medical, psychological, and sociological databases located 1024 unique results that were doubly screened down to seven partially relevant publications. An eighth publication was added through a separate gray literature search. No results fully addressed the research question; eight partially addressed it. Five results linked displacement to violence against children, two linked coloniality to displacement, and one linked colonization to violence against children. Three connecting themes were identified: colonial powers redefine cultures and identities, subsequent identity challenges arise, and unrecognized colonial underpinnings of issues preclude pathways to justice. This study began to connect contemporary issues to histories of colonial violence, but more importantly, identified a large gap in the literature, revealing an urgent need to investigate further the ways that the colonial pasts of displaced Syrian communities can inform the intergenerational transmission of trauma, and identified an emerging public mental health field at the intersection of coloniality, displacement, and intergenerational trauma.
Managing Mandibular Osteoradionecrosis
Authors: Fritz Michael A. , Arianpour Khashayar , Liu Sara W. , Lamarre Eric D. , Genther Dane J. , Ciolek Peter J. , Byrne Patrick J. , Prendes Brandon L.
Published: September 2024

Objective

Mandibular osteoradionecrosis (MORN) is a morbid complication of head and neck radiation therapy. Recent advances in surgical and medical therapies underscore the need for a shift in traditional treatment paradigms and a disease grading system that can guide appropriate management.

Data Sources

Pubmed/MEDLINE.

Review Methods

We conducted a detailed review of publications related to MORN, specifically focusing on its staging and management techniques. Articles meeting inclusion criteria were synthesized into a final narrative review.

Conclusion

There has been a paradigm shift away from hyperbaric oxygen therapy in the management of MORN. Growing evidence for the efficacy of pentoxifylline and tocopherol in early‐stage disease and novel surgical techniques to manage moderate and late‐stage disease warrant an updated staging stratification which is proposed.

Implications for Practice

This review summarizes the clinical efficacy of established and novel therapeutic modalities currently available in treating MORN, emphasizing the significant advances achieved over the last decade. It introduces a contemporary staging and treatment algorithm which incorporates traditional, evidence‐supported surgical and medical management with effective early intervention strategies.
Time‐of‐Flight Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry Revealing the Organocatalyst Distribution in Functionalized Silica Monoliths
Authors: Brand Raoul D. , Schulze Julia S. , Henss Anja , Smarsly Bernd M.
Published: September 2024

Hierarchically porous monolithic silica shows promise as a carrier material for immobilized organocatalysts. Conventional analysis usually includes physisorption, infrared spectroscopy and elemental analysis, among others, to elucidate the pore space and degree of functionalization of the material. However, these methods do not yield information about the spatial distribution of the organic species inside the monolithic reactor. In this work, time‐of‐flight secondary ion mass spectrometry has been applied to characterize the surface of organically functionalized silica monoliths. Cross sections of a silica monolith functionalized with 4‐dimethylaminopyridine were analyzed and the results were compared with physisorption and elemental analysis experiments of the same material. This way, insight into the radial distribution of the catalyst could be achieved, which might assist in interpreting the performance of such reactors in heterogeneous flow catalysis.
Development of an Automated Triage System for Longstanding Dizzy Patients Using Artificial Intelligence
Authors: Romero‐Brufau Santiago , Macielak Robert J. , Staab Jeffrey P. , Eggers Scott D.Z. , Driscoll Colin L.W. , Shepard Neil T. , Totten Douglas J. , Albertson Sabrina M. , Pasupathy Kalyan S. , McCaslin Devin L.
Published: September 2024

Objective

To report the first steps of a project to automate and optimize scheduling of multidisciplinary consultations for patients with longstanding dizziness utilizing artificial intelligence.

Study Design

Retrospective case review.

Setting

Quaternary referral center.

Methods

A previsit self‐report questionnaire was developed to query patients about their complaints of longstanding dizziness. We convened an expert panel of clinicians to review diagnostic outcomes for 98 patients and used a consensus approach to retrospectively determine what would have been the ideal appointments based on the patient's final diagnoses. These results were then compared retrospectively to the actual patient schedules. From these data, a machine learning algorithm was trained and validated to automate the triage process.

Results

Compared with the ideal itineraries determined retrospectively with our expert panel, visits scheduled by the triage clinicians showed a mean concordance of 70%, and our machine learning algorithm triage showed a mean concordance of 79%.

Conclusion

Manual triage by clinicians for dizzy patients is a time‐consuming and costly process. The formulated first‐generation automated triage algorithm achieved similar results to clinicians when triaging dizzy patients using data obtained directly from an online previsit questionnaire.
Construction of 3D modified hexagonal boron nitride thermal conductivity network by ice template method and research of high heat‐conducting coefficient of epoxy resin matrix composite material
Authors: Chen Kexin , Weng Ling , Liu Jinming , Zhang Xiaorui , Guan Lizhu , Pan Ruiqun , Wang Xiaoming
Published: September 2024

This paper investigates the high thermal conductive properties of modified hexagonal boron nitride (h‐BN)/epoxy (EP) composites. Octadecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide as a cationic surfactant modified h‐BN and sodium carboxymethylcellulose to build 3D heat transfer framework by the ice template method and preparation of epoxy composites. The h‐BN was modified by inter‐ionic charge electrostatic attraction to improve the h‐BN dispersibility; characterization by scanning electron microscope, transmission electron microscope, zeta potential, x‐ray diffraction and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy proved the success of h‐BN surficial modifyment. 3 wt% sodium carboxymethylcellulose was used to construct the optimal 3D modified h‐BN network, and the w‐BN/EP composites had a very high heat conduction; when the composite material acquired by the ice template method have high heat transfer coefficient, 1.57 W/(m K) for 25 wt% 3D modified h‐BN/EP heat transfer coefficient and 0.76 W/(m K) for modified h‐BN/EP at the same ratio, which is a 107% enhancement in heat transfer efficiency, and 0.12 W/(m K) for EP, which is a 1208% enhancement in thermal conductivity. The results of thermogravimetric analysis (thermogravimetric analysis and differential thermogravimetric analysis), differential scanning calorimetry, and infrared thermography indicate that the thermostability and rejection of heat of composite material was significantly improved. The variation of dielectric constant was stabilized to ensure lower dielectric loss. Overall, this study can better adapt to high‐frequency signal transmission.

Highlights

Use octadecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide to modify the interface of hexagonal boron nitride (h‐BN) enhances the dispersibility and reduces the inter‐facial heat resistance with epoxy resin through inter‐ionic electrostatic attraction.

The optimal content of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose was selected to construct a 3D mesh framework with the modified h‐BN to ensure the formation of a continuous and homogeneous network at the maximum porosity.

The 3D modified h‐BN network was prepared by the ice template method to reinforce the heat conductivity of the composite materials.
Deciphering the Importance of Weak CH…O and CH…π Interactions in S‐Propyl (E)‐2‐(1,1‐Dioxido‐2‐Propylbenzo[d]Isothiazol‐3(2H)‐ylidene)‐1‐Propylhydrazine‐1‐Carbothioate: An Experimental and Theoretical Approach
Authors: Ahmed Muhammad Naeem , Kashif Humaira , Tahir Muhammad Nawaz , Islam Mohammad Shahidul , Almutairi Tahani Mazyad , Ibrahim Mahmoud A. A. , Bashir Muhammad Adnan , Pérez Hiram , Gil Diego M.
Published: September 2024

The title compound, C17H25N3O3S2, hereafter 1, has been prepared and fully characterized by FTIR, 1H NMR and 13C NMR. Its crystal structure was determined by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction. The crystal packing is stabilized by weak CH···O and CH···π interactions. The CLP‐Pixel method was used to quantify the energetically significant molecular dimers. The intermolecular contacts were identified and quantified using Hirshfeld surfaces (HS) and the corresponding fingerprint plots. The main contributions to the HS of 1 come from HH, OH/HO and CH/HC contacts, which cover about 93% of the total HS surface. The enrichment ratios showed that the favorable contacts accountable for the crystal packing are consistent with their contributions to the HS. Interaction region indicator (IRI) analysis was used to visualize the location and type of intermolecular contacts, allowing identify the CH···O contacts as van der Waals interactions. To visualize the 3D topology of interactions in the crystal structure, interaction energy values were used to construct energy framework diagrams, which showed that the dispersion energy dominates over other interaction energies, as expected for crystal packing governed by weak interactions. Finally, a combination of MEP surface, QTAIM and NCIplot analysis energetically confirmed the existence of CH···O and O···O dichalcogen interactions.
Analysis of the polymeric mixture in hypoxen, using high‐performance liquid chromatography coupled with high‐resolution mass spectrometry
Authors: Karakka Kal Abdul Khader , Subhahar Michael Benedict , Philip Moses , Karatt Tajudheen K.
Published: September 2024

Rationale

Hypoxen is a medication known for providing individuals with a “second wind,” by lowering the threshold for muscle fatigue and enhancing the body's efficiency under challenging conditions. Athletes who have used this medication report enhanced training outcomes and increased physical endurance. It is crucial to emphasize that hypoxen is not categorized as a prohibited substance as yet and is thus assumed safe for use in competitive sports. However, the polymeric nature of hypoxen presents challenges in detection and identification.

Methods

To prevent the potential misuse of this substance as a doping agent, doping control laboratories must therefore develop a detection method. This study aimed to address this gap by developing a comprehensive detection method for the polymeric mixtures within hypoxen, employing liquid chromatography‐electrospray ionization‐mass spectrometry.

Results

Among the different columns tested, the Accucore and Syncronis HILIC columns demonstrated exceptional performance, yielding excellent separation with high‐quality results. The study found that the hypoxen consisted of between 1 and 6 repetitions of 2,4‐dihydroxyphenylene units. It was crucial to highlight that each unit contained multiple isomers due to the incorporation of the sulfonic acid group at both the ‐SH and ‐OH positions.

Conclusions

The results of this study will significantly contribute to the precise identification of hypoxen use, thereby aiding in the scrutiny of its abuse in competitive sports.
Error Performance of a NOMA‐Based Satellite Communication System
Authors: Prasad Priyanka , MK Arti , Jain Aarti
Published: September 2024

The paper analyzes the error performance of a basic satellite‐terrestrial communication system, which uses a satellite as a source and receiver at the earth station as a destination. The system model accounts for an independent channel of fading and applies the theory of non‐orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) to provide fair resource sharing and better connectivity among multiple users. The paper investigates the transmission characteristics and derives the expressions for the total symbol error rate (SER) of the proposed system model. Furthermore, it examines the transmission efficiency with the help of the elevation angle between the source and the destination. The paper also explores the impact of different fading environments on SER.
Preparation and Transdermal Performance Study of a New S‐(‐)‐Nicotine‐Loaded Nano Flexible Liposome Hydrogel Patch with Long‐Lasting and Sustained Drug‐Release Effects
Authors: Xiao Zhixin , He Shibo , Huang Xiaojiang , Hu Lifei , Zhu Hongda , Guo Huiling , Sun Hongmei , Liu Mingxing
Published: September 2024

The aim of this study was to develop a new nicotine transdermal patch: S‐(‐)‐Nicotine‐loaded nano flexible liposome hydrogel patch (S‐(‐)‐Nicotine‐NFL‐HGP), which combined liposome and hydrogel to achieve the long‐lasting and sustained release of S‐(‐)‐Nicotine for the treatment of nicotine withdrawal syndrome (NWS). The S‐(‐)‐Nicotine nanoscale flexible liposomes (S‐(‐)‐Nicotine‐NFL) were prepared using the thin film hydration method, and then combined with a three‐dimensional structured hydrogel to prepare S‐(‐)‐Nicotine‐NFL‐HGP. The initial bond strength (IBS) was (18 ± 2) s, the lasting bond strength (EBS) was (23.5 ± 3.4) s, and the appearance was pale yellow. The cumulative release rate of the patch was 64.8% within 48 h and the Higuchi equation of the drug release process was y = 9.47x1/2−1.13 (R2 = 0.99412). The cumulative transmittance per unit area of the patch after 48 h was (1047 ± 25.0) µg/cm2 and the dermal retention was (35.1 ± 4.2) µg/cm2. The Higuchi equation of the transdermal drug process showed the highest fit in the transdermal experiments with a long‐lasting and sustained release of S‐(‐)‐Nicotine. Stability study results showed that the IBS, EBS, appearance, and the performance of drug release of the patch were almost unchanged within 90 days, which had excellent stability. The patch prepared in this study has potential application prospects.
Modulating Optical and Magnetic Characteristics in Cu(1−x)DyxO Nanoparticles Through Doping
Authors: Sarkar Subrata , Chakrabarti Atraye , Chattopadhyay Saikat , Kuo Yung‐Kang , Chakraborty Saptarshi , Mitra Soma , Nath Madhumita , Bandyopadhyay Atul
Published: September 2024

This article reports the optical and magnetic properties of Cu(1−x)DyxO (x = 0.02 and 0.05) nanoparticles (NPs) synthesized via coprecipitation. An increase in Dy doping causes a red shift in the bandgap, and the X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy reveals 2+ and 3+ valence states for both Cu and Dy ions, along with oxygen vacancies. The isothermal magnetizations fit well with a combination of linear antiferromagnetic and Langevin components. In particular, Dy‐doped CuO exhibits low‐temperature ferromagnetism driven by interactions between unpaired electrons from vacancies and Dy ions, promoting localized magnetic moments and enhancing ferromagnetic ordering.
Lignin‐Derived Metal Oxide Nanoadsorbents for Wastewater Remediation
Authors: Kaur Ravneet , Sandhu Samarth , Pujari Anil Kumar , Paul Shatabdi , Bhaumik Jayeeta
Published: September 2024

Valorizing biodegradable raw materials derived from agri‐waste is ecologically beneficial. Employing such materials to produce adsorbents is a smart platform for applications in wastewater purification. Lignin is one of the most plentiful natural biopolymers in the world. Its macromolecular structure possesses phenolic and carboxyl groups that can capture heavy metals and dyes. Lignin can be chemically and physically modified to generate adsorbent materials with enhanced capacity to remove pollutants from wastewater. In this work, lignin has been used as a natural resource to synthesize metal oxide‐based nanoadsorbents. The synthesized lignin‐based green nanomaterials effectively removed common pollutants from wastewater including dyes, heavy metals, and bacteria. The lignin‐based water purification technique holds immense potential to effectively remove the most common pollutants from wastewater.
‘Turning On’ to Glutathione: A Rhodamine‐Based Fluorescent Chemodosimeter with Nanomolar Sensitivity
Authors: Badekar Pooja S. , Deo Harshada S. , Varma Mokshada E. , Kulkarni Prasad P. , Maibam Ashakiran , Krishnamurty Sailaja , Kumbhar Anupa A.
Published: September 2024

A new colorimetric and fluorescence turn‐on chemodosimeter for selective detection of GSH over Cys and Hcy with 34‐fold enhancement in emission intensity is reported. Probe 1 exhibited ultra‐sensitivity toward GSH with 0.125 nM detection limit and successfully displayed GSH detection in MCF‐7 live cells. The mechanism of sensing is established by density functional theoretical calculations.
Antiviral Activity of Pd(II) Complexes with Aminoadamantanes Against Arboviruses
Authors: Silva Laura Barros , Cruz Állefe Barbosa , Pereira Douglas Henrique , Cassani Natasha Marques , Aquino Ruiz Uriel Enrique , Santos Igor Andrade , Martins Daniel Oliveira Silva , Nakahata Douglas Hideki , de Alencar Simoni Déborah , Kanavos Ioannis , Ronga Luisa , Lobinski Ryszard , dos Santos Pereira Anna Karla , Gomes Jardim Ana Carolina , de Paiva Raphael Enoque Ferraz , Corbi Pedro Paulo
Published: September 2024

In this paper, we report the synthesis, structural characterization, and antiviral properties of palladium(II) complexes with amantadine (atd) and memantine (mtn). Elemental and mass spectrometric analyses indicated a 1:2 metal/ligand ratio. The single crystal data for Pd‐mtn revealed that the complex adopts a square geometry with the two memantine ligands bonded to Pd(II) by the nitrogen atoms of the NH2 group, in a trans configuration. Computational studies supported a similar structure for Pd‐atd. The complexes were stable in DMSO solution for 24 h. The antiviral properties of Pd‐atd and Pd‐mtn were evaluated against Zika (ZIKV) and Chikungunya (CHIKV) viruses in vitro at their highest noncytotoxic concentrations. The Pd‐atd (at 2 µM) and Pd‐mtn (at 10 µM) complexes were able to impair 76% and 96% of CHIKV replication, respectively, which points the coordination of amantadine and memantine to Pd(II) as a successful strategy to increase their anti‐CHIKV properties. Conversely, the Pd(II) complexes did not significantly inhibit the replication of ZIKV, which confirms the selectivity towards CHIKV. Interaction of the compounds with N‐acetyl‐l‐cysteine, a model disulfide‐containing peptide, and plasmid DNA pointed to Cys‐containing peptides as more likely targets than nucleotides for the complexes.
Nanoprobe Based on Novel NIR‐II Quinolinium Cyanine for Multimodal Imaging
Authors: Xu Meilin , Lin Yanhong , Li Yuhang , Dong Yao , Guo Chang , Zhou Xiaole , Wang Leyu
Published: September 2024

NIR‐II imaging has the advantages of high sensitivity, spatiotemporal resolution, and high penetration depth, thereby serving as a potential alternative to conventional imaging methods. Herein, a novel NIR‐II dye IR‐1010 (λex/λem = 1010/1058 nm) is reported with high quantum yield (3.08%) and good stability, by incorporating p‐methoxyphenyl groups into a quinolinium cyanine dye. Then a multifunctional nanoprobe, termed IUFP NPs, is developed by the incorporation of upconversion (UC) nanoparticles (NPs), perfluoro‐15‐crown‐5‐ether (PFCE), and IR‐1010, to display the novel performance of multimodal imaging. Under the single‐wavelength excitation (980 nm), IUFP NPs simultaneously emit the NIR‐II fluorescence of IR‐1010 and visible UC luminescence of UCNPs, and thus realize the UC imaging for cells, and NIR‐II fluorescence/photoacoustic/19F magnetic resonance imaging for blood vessels, lymph nodes and tumor in mice. This work affords a novel approach to NIR‐II dyes and a general strategy for the design of multimodal imaging probes.
Independent Control Over the H/OH Adsorption: Breaking the Trade‐Off Between H/OH‐Adsorption and H2O‐Dissociation of Platinum‐Group Metal Electrocatalyst for Hydrogen Evolution Reaction
Authors: Zhang Jiachen , Liu Guocong , Li Huiting , Chang Ruixuan , Jia Shuyu , Zhang Yechuan , Huang Kai , Tang Yawen , Sun Hanjun
Published: September 2024

Platinum‐group metals catalysts (such as Rh, Pd, Ir, Pt) have been the most efficient hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) electrocatalysts due to their moderate H adsorption strength, while the high H2O‐dissociation barrier in alkaline media restrains the catalytic performance of PGM catalysts. However, the optimization of the H2O‐dissociation barrier and *H/*OH binding energy toward their individual optima is limited due to the constraints of their scaling relationship on a single active site. Here, a coordinatively unsaturated “M─Ox─W” (M = Rh, Pd, Ir, Pt) active area is constructed, where H and OH species are anchored on Pt‐group metal sites and inactive W sites for individual regulation. By combining experiments and density functional theory calculations, the introduction of extra OH‐adsorption sites (coordinatively unsaturated WO3‐x) avoids the competitive adsorption of H and OH on the single site, while the enhanced OH‐adsorption capacity on the coordinatively unsaturated WO3‐x effectively facilitates the adsorption/dissociation of interfacial H2O. As a result, the representative Rh‐WO3‐x catalyst exhibits outstanding catalytic activity and durability for HER. The findings of this work not only provide valuable insights for the design of efficient PGM catalysts for HER but also shed light on the development of electrocatalysts for other catalytic reactions.
Simulating Study on the Shrinkage Cavity and Porosity of a Microalloyed Steel Ingot
Authors: Wang Yadong , Zhang Lifeng
Published: September 2024

A 3D solidification model coupling heat transfer, solidification, and shrinkage porosity are established. The effect of melting temperature and cooling modes on the solidification time, shrinkage cavity, and porosity is investigated by the simulation. When the melting temperatures are 1510, 1530, and 1550 °C, the depth of the shrinkage cavity changes little, and they are about 44.8 mm. Maximal shrinkage porosity below the shrinkage cavity are 79.0%, 80.5%, and 82.0%, respectively. When the melting temperature is 1570 °C, the depth of the shrinkage cavity increases to 52.7 mm, and the maximal shrinkage porosity below the shrinkage cavity decreases to 75.5%. For three cooling modes, water cooling, air cooling, and furnace cooling, the cooling intensity gradually decreases, the solidification time increases, and the time of complete solidification is 72.0, 218.5, and 1382.2 s, respectively. With the decrease of cooling intensity, the shrinkage cavity shape and depth of the ingot vary obviously, and the depth of the V‐shaped shrinkage cavity is 39.9, 44.6, and 0 mm. The maximal shrinkage porosity is 76.0%, 82.0%, and 90.9%, respectively. Considering solidification time, shrinkage cavity, and porosity, water cooling mode should be used to obtain the dense internal quality of the steel ingot.
Mathematical modeling and analysis for radiative MHD peristaltic flow of Bingham nanofluid
Authors: Nisar Zahid , Ahmed Bilal , Aziz Arsalan , Muhammad Khursheed , Khalifa Hamiden Abd El‐Wahed , Ahmad Irshad
Published: September 2024

The current study elaborates the mathematical modeling for peristaltic transport of Bingham nanoliquid in symmetric channel with thermal radiation. Here we used non‐Newtonian fluid model (Bingham model) define as Channel boundaries are complaint nature. The equations for the flow and heat/mass transport, incorporating the aspects of thermophoresis and Brownian motion, were derived using Buongiorno's nanofluids framework. Thermal transport involves the existence of Ohmic heating and viscous dissipation consequences. The model's governing equations are derived, made simpler by using long wavelengths and small Reynolds number assumptions. Numerical techniques are utilized for finding the solution of nonlinear systems of equations. Velocity, concentration, temperature, and rate of heat transfer are analyzed graphically. The findings of these investigations could improve fluid dynamics and gastrointestinal movements in a variety of engineering systems. This examination also sheds light on the physiological fluids’ easy movement through the capillaries and arteries, which supports the movement of nutrients, blood circulation, oxygen delivery, waste elimination, temperature regulation, and other essential components within the human organism.
Slip flow of SWCNT–H2O, TiO2–H2O, MWCNT–H2O, and GO–H2O nanofluids between two spinning circular disks
Authors: Singla Tanvi , Sharma Sapna , Kumar Bhuvaneshvar
Published: September 2024

The heat transfer and flow properties of nanofluids are studied using two co‐axial, stretched, and rotating disks containing the porous media and slip boundary conditions. The water‐based nanofluid is formed by using SWCNT (single‐walled carbon nanotubes), (titanium dioxide), MWCNT (multiwalled carbon nanotubes), GO (graphene oxide) as nanoparticles. The nonlinear PDEs are converted into ODEs using the Von Karman similarity transformation. The finite difference method is used to solve the transformed equations. The velocity profiles in the axial, radial, and tangential directions and the temperature profiles are analyzed through graphs, accompanied by interpretations based on physical principles. The energy equation is modeled using the Cattaneo–Christov heat flux model. When the velocity slip parameter rises, axial velocity decreases near the lower disk but increases near the end of the upper disk, while there is a reduction in radial velocity near the end of both disks. The skin friction coefficient and Nusselt number are computed in the present study for governing parameters.