bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Apex rotation as a risk factor for total anomalous pulmonary connection repair in single ventricle
Authors: Asai Hidetsugu , Shingu Yasushige , Ikarashi Jin , Cao Yuchen , Takeyoshi Daisuke , Arai Yosuke , Ebuoka Noriyoshi , Tachibana Tsuyoshi
Published: May 2021

Background: The high incidence of postoperative pulmonary venous
obstruction (PVO) is a major mortality-associated concern in patients
with right atrial isomerism and extracardiac total anomalous pulmonary
venous connection (TAPVC). We evaluated new anatomical risk factors for
reducing the space behind the heart after TAPVC repair. Methods: 18
patients who underwent TAPVC repair between 2014 and 2020 were enrolled.
Sutureless technique was used in 12 patients and conventional repair in
six patients. The angle between the line perpendicular to the vertebral
body and that from the vertebral body to the apex was defined as the
“vertebral-apex angle (V-A angle).” The ratio of post- and
preoperative angles, indicating the apex’s lateral rotation, was
compared between patients with and without PVO. Results: The median
(interquartile range) age and body weight at repair were 102 (79-176)
days and 3.8 (2.6-4.8) kg, respectively. The 1-year survival rate was
83% (median follow-up, 29 [11-36] months). PVO occurred in seven
patients (39%), who showed an obstruction of one or two branches in the
apex side. The postoperative V-A angle (46° [45°-50°] vs. 36°
[29°-38°], P = 0.001) and the ratio of post- and preoperative V-A
angles (1.27 [1.24-1.42] vs. 1.03 [0.98-1.07], P = 0.001) were
significantly higher in the PVO group than in the non-PVO group. The
cut-off values of the postoperative V-A angle and ratio were 41° and
1.17, respectively. Conclusions: A postoperative rotation of the heart
apex into the ipsilateral thorax was a risk factor for branch PVO after
TAPVC repair.
Well-being of Indians: A Lockdown Story
Authors: Shetty Vindhya , Ruiwale Manaswee , R Deepthi , Shetty Deekshith D
Published: May 2021

A nationwide lockdown was initiated to prevent the worsening of the
COVID-19 pandemic in India. This study aims to understand the impact of
the lockdown on the well-being of Indians, mainly focusing on their life
satisfaction and job satisfaction. Though, before the lockdown, family
income was not related to life satisfaction, during the lockdown, it was
found that higher income families experienced higher levels of life
satisfaction. One’s opinion on the beneficiality of the lockdown too was
related to their level of income. Decline in both, job satisfaction and
life satisfaction was seen. Gender, marital status and companions during
the lockdown were significantly related to life satisfaction. Those who
were married were more satisfied during the lockdown. Job satisfaction
was irrespective of one’s gender, marital status and educational
qualification. An attempt has been made to understand the embracement of
work from home culture by Indians. The study also tries to answer if the
time one spends on oneself and on social media impact their well-being.
A lot of changes were seen in the lifestyle and state of mind of people.
With change in working conditions and income for a majority of people,
there was uncertainty as to when things would normalize. The importance
of companionship during these hard times was also revealed. Like every
coin has two sides, this too has its positive side. People have
inculcated habits that have improved their lifestyle. A lot of people
have also found this as an opportunity to work on their relationships.
Controlling Chaotic Vibrations of a Quarter-Car Model Excited by Road Surface Profile using Parametric Excitation.
Authors:   Department of Mechanical Engineering, Cape Coast Technical University, Cape Coast, Ghana, Atepor Lawrence
Published: May 2021

Chaotic Vibrations are considered for a quarter-car model excited by the road surface profile. The equation of motion is obtained in the form of a classical Duffing equation and it is modeled with deliberate introduction of parametric excitation force term to enable us manipulate the behavior of the system. The equation of motion is solved using the Method of Multiple Scales. The steady-state solutions with and without the parametric excitation force term is investigated using NDSolve MathematicaTM Code and the nonlinear dynamical system’s analysis is by a study of the Bifurcations that are observed from the analysis of the trajectories, and the calculation of the Lyapunov. In making the system more strongly nonlinear the excitation amplitude value is artificially increased to various multiples of the actual value. Results show that the system’s response can be extremely sensitive to changes in the amplitude and the that chaos is evident as the system is made more nonlinear and that with the introduction of parametric excitation force term the system’s motion becomes periodic resulting in the elimination of chaos and the reduction in amplitude of vibration.
Exemplary Educators Who Embrace a Teaching Philosophy Guided by a Pedagogy of Kindness
Authors:   Athabasca University, Canada, Gorny-Wegrzyn Elizabeth , Perry Beth ,   Athabasca University, Canada
Published: May 2021

The purpose of this literature review was to explore scholarly and grey literature on teaching approaches to pedagogy in higher education, with a focus on the pedagogy of kindness. For the analysis, we reviewed six research reports from peer-reviewed journals on the pedagogy of kindness, three books written by acclaimed theorists on critical pedagogy and the pedagogy of hope, and seven articles from grey literature. The questions addressed were, what does the literature reveal are the effects of a pedagogy of kindness on the learning environment, and what are the outcomes for learners when educators embrace this teaching philosophy? Does the employ of kindness in teaching influence learners’ attitudes about issues surrounding social justice? Further, are there links between being an exemplary educator, teaching success, and the enactment of a pedagogy of kindness? In this paper, we examine emerging themes related to how this teaching philosophy impacts learners and the learning environment and the connection between a pedagogy of kindness and traits of exemplary educators. Finally, these themes guided a discussion on the implications for practice. In sum, the literature revealed that a teaching model based on a pedagogy of kindness enhances the performance of outstanding educators and increases their success in teaching. Moreover, this philosophy positively influences students, their learning environments, their educational achievements, and heightens their social consciousness.
Hygiene status of food contact surfaces in public school canteens in the city of Novi Sad, Serbia
Authors: Popovic Milka , Baltic Milan , Gusman Vera , Andjelkovic Radivoje , Velicki Radmila , Bjelanovic Jelena , Mitrovic Radmila , Janjic Jelena
Published: May 2021

Background/Aim. Establishing a food safety control system is extremely important in preventing diseases associated with foodborne pathogens. The aim of this study was to examine the hygiene status of food contact surfaces and the application of good hygiene practices by food handlers in school canteens. Methods. A total of 10,366 swabs were taken from food contact surfaces, including food handler?s hands from public school canteens in Novi Sad, Serbia, over ten years (2008?2017), covering voluntary good hygiene practices and obligatory Hazard Analysis Critical Control Points (HACCP) implementation periods. Results. Statistically significant differences (p < 0.05) in aerobic colony counts (ACCs) on surfaces between two examined periods were found. A general positive trend regarding the reduction of microbial contamination of food contact surfaces was observed. The percentage of surfaces swabs with ACCs above 2.48 log CFU/cm2 significantly decreased (R2 = 0.453) during the study period, and the percentage of coagulase-positive Staphylococcus in the swabs also decreased, but not significantly (R2 = 0.264), and average annual Enterobacteriaceae counts above the established limit values on surfaces significantly decreased (R2 = 0.442) over the years. A significantly higher (p < 0.05) percentage of workers? hands harbored ACCs, coagulase-positive Staphylococcus, and Enterobacteriaceae above the established limits than the equipment or work surfaces. Conclusion. The results obtained showed the proper implementation of good hygiene practices concerning food contact sur-faces, but the implementation of good personal hygiene practices needs enhanced supervision.
Adipose Tissue Insulin Resistance Is Longitudinally Associated With Adipose Tissue Dysfunction, Circulating Lipids, and Dysglycemia: The PROMISE Cohort
Authors: Semnani-Azad Zhila , Connelly Philip W. , Bazinet Richard P. , Retnakaran Ravi , Jenkins David J. A. , Harris Stewart B. , Zinman Bernard , Hanley Anthony J.
Published: May 2021

Aim:
Our objective was to determine the
association of adipose tissue insulin resistance with longitudinal changes in biomarkers
of adipose tissue function, circulating lipids, and dysglycemia.

Research
design and methods: Adults at-risk for type
2 diabetes in the Prospective Metabolism and Islet Cell Evaluation (PROMISE) cohort
had up to four assessments over 9 years (n=468). Adipose tissue insulin
resistance was determined using a novel validated index, Adipo-IR, calculated as
the product of fasting insulin and non-esterified fatty acids measured at
baseline. Fasting serum was used to measure biomarkers of adipose tissue
function (adiponectin and sCD163), circulating lipids (total cholesterol, HDL,
LDL, TG), and systemic inflammation (Il-6 and TNF-α). Incident dysglycemia was
defined as the onset of impaired fasting glucose, impaired glucose tolerance,
or type 2 diabetes at follow-up. Generalized estimating equation (GEE) models
were used to assess the relationship of Adipo-IR with longitudinal outcomes.

Results:
GEE analyses showed that elevated Adipo-IR was longitudinally associated with adipose
tissue dysfunction (adiponectin: -4.20%
(95%CI, -6.40 to –1.95); sCD163: 4.36% (95%CI, 1.73 – 7.06), HDL (-3.87% (95%CI, -5.15 to -2.57)) and TG
(9.26% (95%CI, 5.01 to 13.69)).
Adipo-IR was associated with increased risk of incident dysglycemia (OR=1.59;
95%CI, 1.09 to 2.31, per SD increase). Associations remained significant after
adjustment for waist circumference, and surrogate indices for insulin
resistance. There were no significant longitudinal associations of Adipo-IR with
Il-6, TNF-α, total cholesterol, or LDL.

Conclusion:
Our findings demonstrate that adipose tissue insulin resistance is
prospectively associated with adipose tissue function, HDL, TG, and incident
dysglycemia.
Variantes de lo foráneo dentro y fuera del país: rasgos transnacionales en La zandunga (Fernando de Fuentes, 1938)
Authors: Flores Silvana
Published: May 2021

El objetivo de este artículo es estudiar algunos recursos estético-narrativos e industriales que alentaron en México un abordaje transnacional del cine en los años iniciales de su industrialización. Para ello, desglosaremos aspectos como la explicitación de espacios fronterizos en torno a la trama argumentativa de los films y la pregnancia de las estrellas cinematográficas en sus desplazamientos entre Estados Unidos y México. Tomaremos como referencia al film La zandunga (Fernando de Fuentes, 1938). Esta película, surgida en el contexto del furor de las comedias rancheras que posicionaron a México en el mercado hispano, se caracterizó por expresar la idea de lo foráneo en las diferencias identitarias que marcan las divisiones territoriales de una propia nación, situación del orden de lo narrativo que es enfrentada a su vez con la utilización de estrategias vinculadas con la rama industrial del cine, en torno a los cruces transnacionales que se han dado durante estos años entre Hollywood y los cines latinoamericanos. Con la influencia producida por la presencia de Lupe Vélez y Arturo de Córdova como protagonistas y figuras estelares representativas de la latinidad en la industria estadounidense, ya sea antes o después del lanzamiento de este film, reconocemos una tendencia en el cine mexicano del período a la búsqueda de una ampliación de su alcance en el mercado cinematográfico tanto nacional como internacional.
The role of the teacher in the multicultural competence development of students of higher educational institutions
Authors: Vatamaniuk Halyna , Khanykina Natalia , Povalii Tatiana , Mykhaskova Maryna , Ilinitska Nataliia
Published: May 2021

The purpose of the research is to outline the features of the development of students’ multicultural competence and determine the role of the teacher in this process. Methods of synthesis, analysis, experiment, questionnaire and observation method has been used in the academic paper. The obtained results have confirmed the hypothesis: increasing the level of multicultural competence of students in a student-centered educational environment can be implemented subject to the active involvement of the teacher. Regular studying foreign languages and non-specialized disciplines also contributes to the development of multicultural competence. To assess multicultural competence, it has been proposed to use criteria that allow evaluating the impact of learning foreign languages and non-specialized disciplines, as well as the participation of teachers - curators. The pedagogical expediency has been proved and the application of forms, means and content components of the multicultural educational environment has been substantiated, as well as recommendations have been developed towards improving the effectiveness of the acquisition of multicultural competence of students with the active involvement of teachers.
Application of the concept of cognitive linguistics in teaching foreign languages
Authors: Chahrak Nataliya , Usyk Liudmyla , Pryimak Liliia , Pershukova Pershukova , Adamova Hanna
Published: May 2021

Cognitive-communicative approach to learning is an effective tool in teaching foreign languages. Dialogic and monologue speech is one of the main means of communication in the classroom. The purpose of the academic paper is to investigate the effectiveness of methods based on the concept of cognitive linguistics in the process of learning foreign languages. The research methodology is based on a number of methods, namely: questionnaire, interview method, observation, descriptive method. The method of experiment is the basic one in the research, however, the evaluation of effectiveness has been carried out with the involvement of a questionnaire, which has been conducted at the final stage. The main hypothesis of the research is to determine the effectiveness and speed of learning foreign languages through the use of cognitive-communicative approach to learning. Subsequent analysis of the effectiveness of the cognitive and communicative approach to teaching foreign languages is promising in further research.
Professional culture of future border guard officers: stages of formation
Authors: Shumovetska Svitlana , Lutskyi Oleksandr , Goliardyk Nataliia , Makogonchuk Nataliia , Anishchenko Viktoriia , Hrebeniuk Lesia
Published: May 2021

The article outlines the importance of forming a professional culture of future Border Guard officers, which regulates their behavior and professional duties and determines officers’ interaction with the world around them. The study reveals the ways of forming professional culture of the cadets of higher military educatonal institution in ceveral stages: familiarization (I year), formation (II year), realisation (III year), individualization (IV year). The authors sustantiate the expediency of studying the history of socio-political thought and modern military literature by cadets at the second stage of professional culture formation. At the third stage the major importance is given to the formation of skills to work with information and countering enemy propaganda. At the fourth stage it is proposed to form knowledge and skills to counter hostile information influences, using project and research methods, conduct professional communication, study the problems of leadership and management of the border guard unit, develop future Border Guard officers creative thinking.
Changes in the methodology of teaching foreign languages at higher educational institutions under current conditions
Authors: Chahrak Nataliya , Кosharna Natalia , Nazarenko Olena , Terletska Liubov , Vovchasta Nataliia
Published: May 2021

In 2020, the majority of higher educational institutions have faced global and unique problems that are particularly acute at the social, economic, scientific and educational level.  The purpose of the academic paper is to consider the adoption and transformation of the methodology of teaching foreign languages at the HEIs and analyze how much has the interaction of students changed and how the capitalization of knowledge is carried out in the implementation of virtual and online education. The academic paper describes how new teaching methods are introduced and implemented in quarantine conditions in the university education system. The basic methods of the investigation are as follows: the method of experiment, questionnaire and observation; the interdisciplinary nature of the research is also marked by the use of a combination of analytical methods. The hypothesis lies in the fact that the conditions of virtual distance education involve changes in the complex of methods and their technological adaptation. The scientific article contains the answers, challenges and practices used in the process of teaching foreign languages in the space of university education.
In memory of Professor Dorokhov Alexander Fedorovich
Authors: Sakhno Konstantin Nickolaevich
Published: May 2021

The staff of the Astrakhan State Technical University and the editorial board of the journal "Vestnik of Astrakhan State Technical University" express their deepest condolences to family and friends.
Comparative analysis of marine diesel engines by ultimate efficiency increase under direct air flow control
Authors: Konyukov Vyacheslav Leontievich
Published: May 2021

The paper presents a comparative analysis of the operational parameters and parameters of marine diesel engines obtained as a result of computational and theoretical studies with direct control of air flow using an adjustable turbocharger nozzle to ensure the maximum allowable efficiency of diesel engines. The objects under study are: two-stroke marine diesel engine, operating on the screw characteristics; marine four-stroke diesel working on the screw characteristics; marine four-stroke diesel working on the load characteristics. As a result of the rotation of the blades of the adjustable nozzle in the direction of reducing the angle of their installation the diesel engine efficiency increases. However, the maximum pressure of the cycle also increases, the pressure drop decreases during purging the cylinders, the effective angle of gas exit from the turbine nozzle decreases, and the compressor's surge stability margin changes. There has been studied the design potential of diesel engines for the maximum increase in their efficiency, which made it possible to accept the stable operation of the compressor in all the studied modes. In the course of the research, boundary values were found for the maximum pressure of the diesel cycle, the pressure drop for purging the cylinders and the effective angle of flow exit from the nozzle apparatus, beyond which the specified parameters did not go beyond all the studied modes of operation of diesels. Taking into account the limitations of the greatest potential for improving efficiency in the equity modes of loads has a four-stroke diesel engine, operating on the screw characteristics, the smallest capacity is the same petrol, but working on the load characteristics.
Autonomous inverter for single-phase active filter of harmonic distortions in ship power network
Authors: Vyngra Alexei Viktorovich
Published: May 2021

The article focuses on the problem of documentary control of the level of harmonic distortions in the ship power network. It has been proposed to use active filters to improve the quality of electric flow on board a ship. There is given a block diagram of the active filter. The methods of designing power electronic devices have been studied. A device for converting DC voltage into sinusoidal AC was designed on the platform of the STM32F4 debug board. The device includes a control system, power amplifiers, short circuit protection and power switches. A low power transformer is provided to convert voltage levels. The controller software was developed using the MATLAB / Simulink software package, and the board was debugged and flashed. Comparison of the device stability and the generated signal quality at different carrier frequencies has been made. It has been stated that the software for the device operation consists of two levels: the lower (code to the microcontroller) and the interface (which communicates and transfers data in real time to a personal computer). Oscillograms of voltages and currents at key points of the converter's electrical circuit are shown. The data obtained from the operation of the device made it possible to evaluate the assembly quality and to determine the scope of application of the developed device. The device is capable of generating a signal of a given frequency and amplitude including interharmonic components, which makes it possible to use it as an active current filter for power systems on ships.
Portraying Footwear Customer Enter-Store Behavior in China: Based on Computer Vision Technology
Authors: LI Jingjing , HOU Keyu , XU Wei , ZHOU Jin
Published: May 2021

Existing studies on customer behavior lack quantitative and high efficiency study, their technologies rely heavily on hardware. Therefore, the information of consumers in offline stores was insufficient, which made enterprises unable to accurately track consumers. However, computer vision (CV) is an expert in identifying and tracking people’s behavior, and its function is suitable for investigating enter-store customer behavior. Therefore, the aim of our study was to develop an offline consumer behavior portraying system based on CV. Then we used this system to investigate enter-store consumption behavior. We selected 71 shoe stores in China, then installed the system in store for a three-month data collection, and evaluated the impact of customer's age, gender, enter time, and region factors on enter-store behavior in China. Through our system, we successfully study ways to improve the purchase conversion rate of enter-store consumers, which could guide enterprises to adjust better marketing and operation strategies.
Töredékes égerligetek a Nyírségben (Paridi quadrifoliae-Alnetum glutinosae Kevey in Borhidi et Kevey 1996)
Authors: Kevey Balázs , Papp László
Published: May 2021

Az Alnus glutinosa a Nyírségben többnyire ültetett formában található (Papp ined.). Ebből következik, hogy a természetszerű égerligetek is ritkák. Kutatásaink során mindössze három erdőben találtuk meg ezt az erdőtársulást, így a Terem melletti „Nagyfenék” nevű helyen, a Nyírábránynál levő „Mogyorósi-erdő”-ben, valamint Mérknél a „Vadaskerti-erdő”-ben. E három erdőből összesen tíz cönológiai felvételt sikerült készítenünk, s e felvételi anyag alapján jellemezzük a Nyírség töredékes égerligeteit.
Observations sur l’usage linguistique des poilus pendant la Grande Guerre et sa mise en scène rétrospective dans les bandes dessinées
Authors: Große Sybille , Sowada Lena
Published: May 2021

Dans cette contribution, nous étudions l’expression linguistique artistique dans une sélection de trois bandes dessinées sur la Première Guerre mondiale qui furent publiées environ cent ans après la fin de la guerre. Pour ce faire, nous confronterons ce langage stylisé à l’usage linguistique authentique de poilus tel qu’il apparaît dans leur correspondance privée et dans les carnets de guerre. Sous l’angle du lexique, les textes authentiques et les textes artistiques se caractérisent par une même affinité avec le français populaire et familier et, dans une moindre mesure, avec l’argot des tranchées. L’oralité mise en scène dans les BD et caractérisée comme oralité simulée se distingue en revanche par un emploi plus ludique de la langue et par un nombre plus élevé de vulgarismes par rapport aux documents authentiques. De plus, le caractère fictif et stylisé des BD contribue à une variation plus prononcée de lexèmes argotiques, populaires et familiers, notamment dans la désignation de l’ennemi allemand, que nous ne trouvons pas chez les scripteurs soldats contemporains de la Première Guerre mondiale.
Трамп и Япония: новый тихоокеанский поворот? Итоги политики Д. Трампа в Японии
Authors: Демчук Ф. Г.
Published: May 2021

Исследователи до сих пор оценивают итоги Тихоокеанской стратегии Барака Обамы. Несмотря на осторожность, скрупулезность в принятии решений и глубокую экспертную проработку, многие решения президента Обамы оказались спорными и вызывали нарекания со стороны различных игроков в регионе, включая традиционного союзника – Японию. Политика его преемника на должности президента США Дональда Трампа оказалась более удачной во многих аспектах. Трампу удалось укрепить отношения с Японией и достичь глубокого двустороннего взаимодействия во многих сферах. При этом он подписал указ о выходе США из Транстихоокеанского партнёрства, что в итоге привело к положительному результату для Токио, Япония вернула себе статус самостоятельного игрока и лидера в АТР. Ключевые слова: США, Япония, АТР, Барак Обама, отношения США и Японии, Синдзо Абэ, Дональд Трамп, Тихоокеанский поворот, Транстихоокеанское партнёрство.
البطالة وأثرها على معدلات الجريمة - في إقليم كوردستان العراق
Authors: Mohammed Dilgash Ahmed
Published: May 2021

تتعرض هذه الدراسة لبيان العلاقة بين معدلات الجريمة وارتباطها بمعدلات البطالة في إقليم كوردستان العراق ، ومن المعروف جغرافيا أن إقليم كوردستان يقع بيئة إقليمية غير مستقرة أمنيا، وتجدر الإشارة هنا أن معدلات البطالة قد ترتفع في الدول النامية أكثر من معدلات ارتفاعها في الدول المتقدمة ، نظرا لما تعانيه  تلك  الدول النامية  من مشاكل اقتصادية واجتماعية كبيرة .
ومن المعروف أن البطالة قد تؤدي إلى الاختلال النفسي لدى الفرد مما ينعكس ذلك سلبا على المجتمع فيحدث فيه الاختلال الاجتماعي وعدم التوازن بين أفراده ، مما قد يدفع إلى ارتكاب العديد من الجرائم ، ومن أخطر تلك الجرائم مشكلة الإدمان التي قد تؤدي الى العديد من الجرائم الأخرى ، حيث يعد الإدمان أحد أخطر الجرائم التي تهدد الأمن والاستقرار لدى الأفراد والمجتمعات . 
ولقد ظلت البطالة هاجسا مرعبا يقف أمام الشعوب والحكومات دون التوصل إلى حل جذري له، لاسيما بعدما أصبحت العولمة إطارا يؤثر في العالم أجمع، فأي انهيار أو صعود لأسهم شركة كبرى أو سلعة رئيسة مثل البترول، أو تغير نظام حاكم في دولة كبرى كل ذلك أو جزء منه أصبح كفيلا بتوفير فرص عمل جديدة أو القضاء على وظائف كانت قائمة وتصدير عدد ليس بالقليل من العاملين إلى أعداد البطالة .
Current Trends in Training Forensic Experts in Ukraine
Authors: Kurdes Oleg
Published: May 2021

The system of forensic expert training in Ukraine has been considered in detail. Particular attention is devoted to the need to bring the training of state forensic experts and forensic experts who are not employees of state forensic science institution to uniform administrative and legal standards, as well as to existence of outdated norms on training forensic experts, and gaps in legislation that leads to insufficient meeting of the needs of law enforcement agencies and court in objective and high-quality forensic expert conclusions. Analysis of administrative legislation of Ukraine in terms of forensic expert training has allowed to formulate proposals to improve the activity. The focus is the need for further administrative and legal settlement of the issue of international cooperation of state specialised forensic science institution in terms of exchange of trainees with forensic science institutions of other states.
Pacientu autonomijas krimināltiesiskā aizsardzība Latvijā: vai nepieciešama jauna norma Krimināllikumā?
Authors: Lieljuksis Aldis
Published: May 2021

Raksts ir turpinājums problēmas izpētei par pacienta tiesību aizsardzību krimināltiesībās. Darbā izpētītas Krimināllikuma normas, kurās paredzēta ārstniecības personu atbildība par ārstniecību bez pacienta piekrišanas. Tikai Krimināllikuma 135. pantā expresis verbis paredzēta atbildība par aborta izdarīšanu pret grūtnieces gribu. Citos gadījumos atbildība var iestāties, vienīgi konstatējot ārstniecības procesā prettiesiski nodarītas vismaz vidēji smaga miesas bojājuma sekas. Tiesu nolēmumos jautājums par informētās piekrišanas esamību netiek skarts, tādēļ faktiskā situācija ir neskaidra. Jāatzīmē, ka tiesiskais regulējums ir atšķirīgs no tādām Eiropas valstīm kā Polija, Portugāle un Lihtenšteina, kur paredzēta kriminālatbildība ne tikai par pacientam nodarītu kaitējumu veselības aprūpē, bet arī par to, ja ārstniecība veikta bez pacienta piekrišanas situācijās, kad tā bija nepieciešama, jo tika prettiesiski aizskartas pamattiesības. Autora ieskatā, pētnieciskais darbs ir jāturpina, apzinot citu valstu pieredzi un faktisko situāciju pirms priekšlikumu izvirzīšanas kriminālatbildības paredzēšanai Krimināllikumā.

The article is a follow-up to the study on the protection of patients’ rights under the criminal law. The article examines the provisions of the Criminal Law which legislates liability of medical practitioners for medical treatment without the patient’s consent. Only Section 135 of the Criminal Law ‘expresis verbis’ provides for liability for abortion against the will of a pregnant woman. In other cases, liability may only arise in cases where at least moderate bodily injury has been caused during medical treatment. Court judgements do not address the issue of the informed consent, consequently, the factual situation is unclear. It should be noted that the legal framework differs from such European countries as Poland, Portugal and Liechtenstein, where criminal liability is imposed not only for the harm caused to the patient in healthcare, but also for treatment without the patient’s consent in situations where it was necessary because the fundamental rights have been unlawfully infringed. The author considers that the research should be continued by identifying experience of other countries and the actual situation prior to putting forward a recommendation to impose criminal liability under the Criminal Law.
Likumības princips civilprocesā: formālas lietu vešanas kārtības pamats civillietās
Authors: Kronis Ivars
Published: May 2021

Rakstā tiek apskatīts jautājums par likumības principa izpausmi un saturu civilprocesā. Pētījumā tiek aplūkoti likumības principa procesuālie un materiāli tiesiskie jautājumi.

In the article, the author examines the matter of the expression and content of the principle of legality in civil procedure, more specifically focusing on the procedural and substantive problems of the principle of legality. Civil procedure is universal as a compulsory form of protection of subjective rights or, in other words, civil procedure is a procedure for compulsory exercise of civil rights, which is reduced to a set of norms that determine the type of actions of both existing legal protection institutions and persons who use this protection or are involved in it in any other way. Legality plays an important role in this regard. Legality means a state of life of the society which, firstly, has a legal framework, which is not logically contradictory and which generally meets the objective needs of this society and, secondly, natural and legal persons respect and follow the legal norms adopted. In civil procedure, this is not only a principle, but also one of the aims of legal proceedings. According to its content, the principle of legality includes, firstly, the requirement that the courts apply the norms of the substantive law correctly and carry out procedural actions in accordance with the legal norms; secondly, the requirement that other participants of the procedure comply with the procedural and substantive legal regulation when adjudicating and considering civil cases in court. Thus, the principle of legality includes procedural and substantive components. The aim of the article is, by analysing the moral-legal content of the principle of legality, to evaluate the aspects of its application. Material and methods used in the study for the empirical basis of the research include scientific works and collections of articles, publications in periodicals and primary sources, laws, internet resources, as well as other publicly available information. Analytical, inductive and deductive research methods have been used in the research.
Intelektuālā īpašuma aizsardzības loma valstu ekonomikas izaugsmē
Authors: Vindele Liene
Published: May 2021

Ņemot vērā intelektuālā īpašuma politikas attīstību, uzņēmumi arvien biežāk izstrādā intelektuālā īpašuma stratēģijas, lai varētu iegūt arvien lielāku labumu no to izstrādātajiem inovatīvajiem produktiem. Ir pierādīts, ka uzņēmumi, kuri savā darbībā izmanto intelektuālo īpašumu, ir ekonomiski konkurētspējīgāki, un tas paaugstina arī valsts konkurētspēju. Mūsdienās inovācijām un to efektīvai izmantošanai uzņēmuma attīstībā ir izšķiroša nozīme ne tikai paša uzņēmuma, bet arī valsts konkurētspējai. Tādēļ politikas veidotāji, lai veicinātu inovāciju un ekonomisko izaugsmi, cenšas pilnveidot intelektuālā īpašuma regulējumu. Lai arī jau gadsimtiem ilgi tiek atzīts, ka intelektuālā īpašuma tiesību aizsardzība ir svarīga ekonomiskajai attīstībai un inovācijām, tomēr pārkāpumu un viltojumu skaits katru gadu turpina palielināties, radot miljoniem eiro lielus zaudējumus.

Today, innovations and their effective use in the development of the company are crucial not only for the competitiveness of the company itself, but also for the competitiveness of the country. Recent research shows that, as intellectual property policies evolve, companies are increasingly developing intellectual property strategies in order to benefit more and more from the innovative products they develop. In addition, these companies, which use intellectual property in their operations, are more economically competitive, which also increases the country’s competitiveness. That way, policy makers seek to improve the regulation of intellectual property in order to foster innovation and economic growth. However, although the protection of intellectual property rights has been recognised for centuries as important for economic development and innovation, the number of infringements and counterfeits continues to rise every year, causing millions of losses.
Tiesiskā regulējuma analīze aizgādības tiesību ierobežošanas jautājumos
Authors: Vanaga Sanita
Published: May 2021

Rakstā ir veikta aizgādības tiesību ierobežošanas tiesiskā analīze un aplūkoti problēmjautājumi, kas saistīti ar aizgādības tiesību ierobežošanas sekām. Tā kā likuma izpratnē bērns ir nepilngadīga persona līdz 18 gadu sasniegšanai un viņam trūkst rīcībspējas, bērna aizgādības tiesības īsteno viņa dabiskie aizbildņi – vecāki. Aizgādības tiesību būtība ir ļoti plaša, un to īstenošana vai tiesiska ierobežošana ir aplūkojama no vairākiem aspektiem, kas uzskatāmi norāda uz vairākiem problēmjautājumiem. Publikācijā īpaša uzmanība tiek pievērsta aizgādības tiesību ierobežošanas veidiem un to ietekmei uz bērna tiesību un interešu nodrošināšanu. Veicot tiesiskā regulējuma analīzi, tika konstatēts, ka ir trīs aizgādības tiesību ierobežošanas veidi. Taču šo tiesību ierobežošanas gadījumā bērnu tiesību un interešu nodrošināšana ir nevienlīdzīga un interpretējama atbilstoši noteiktajiem ierobežojumiem un bērna vecāku izpratnei par aizgādības tiesību būtību. Pētījuma mērķis ir identificēt problēmjautājumus un sniegt priekšlikumus tiesiskā regulējuma pilnveidošanai, lai visos aizgādības tiesību ierobežošanas gadījumos bērna tiesību un interešu nodrošināšana būtu vienlīdzīga un bērna vislabākajās interesēs. Raksts veidots divās daļās. Pirmajā daļā aplūkoti aizgādības tiesību ierobežošanas veidi un to tiesiskās ierobežošanas problēmjautājumi, savukārt otrajā daļā analizēta aizgādības tiesību ierobežošanas ietekme uz bērna tiesību un interešu nodrošināšanu.

The article addresses the question of the legal analysis of the restriction of custody rights and the issues related to the consequences of the restriction of custody rights. As within the meaning of law, a child is a minor until the age of 18, thus he or she lacks the legal capacity, the child’s custody rights are exercised by his or her natural guardians – parents. The nature of custody rights is very broad, and their exercise or legal restriction can be viewed from several aspects, which clearly raises a number of issues. The publication pays special attention to the ways of restricting custody and their impact on ensuring the rights and interests of a child. The analysis of the legal framework revealed that there are three types of restriction of custody rights, which ensure unequal protection of a child’s rights and interests, as the restrictions is interpreted according to the understanding of custody rights by the child’s parents. The aim of the study is to identify the problematic issues and make proposals for the improvement of the legal framework, in order to reach equal protection of the rights and interests of a child in all cases of restriction of custody rights, which would be in the best interests of a child. The article consists of two parts. The first part discusses the types of restriction of custody rights and the problems of their legal limitation, while the second part analyses the impact of restriction of custody rights on ensuring the rights and interests of a child.
Homeward trends Latvijas Republikas tiesu praksē
Authors: Damberga Sindija
Published: May 2021

Šī pētījuma mērķis ir analizēt ANO Konvencijas par starptautiskajiem preču pirkuma-pārdevuma līgumiem (The United Nations Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods, turpmāk tekstā – CISG vai Konvencija) piemērošanu Latvijas Republikā un vērtēt, vai un kā Latvijas tiesās tiek ievērotas Konvencijas 7. panta pirmās daļas prasības: tās piemērošanā ņemt vērā Konvencijas starptautisko raksturu un nepieciešamību veicināt tās piemērošanas vienveidību. Pētījumā analizēti vairāki desmiti anonimizētu tiesu lēmumu, kas pieņemti laika posmā no 2013. gada septembra līdz 2019. gada janvārim. Šķīrējtiesas lēmumi ir izslēgti no šī pētījuma galvenokārt to konfidenciālā rakstura dēļ. Pētījums veikts teorētiski, novērtējot un salīdzinot tiesas lēmumu atbilstību CISG noteiktajiem mērķiem un ietvertajām prasībām, ņemot vērā arī tiesību zinātnieku viedokļus attiecīgajā jautājumā. Pētījumā tika atklāts, ka tiesas, kaut arī dažkārt atzīst CISG piemērojamību, tomēr salīdzinoši bieži papildus Konvencijas normām piemēro arī attiecīgās attiecības regulējošus nacionālos tiesību aktus vai pat tikai nacionālo tiesību aktus, ignorējot Konvenciju. Lai arī publiski pieejamie anonimizētie spriedumi nepilnīgi atspoguļo Konvencijas piemērošanu, tomēr ar to pietiek, lai secinātu, ka Latvijas tiesu nolēmumos konstatējams t. s. homeward trends. Noslēgumā autore norāda uz iespējamiem risinājumiem homeward trenda mazināšanai.

The objectives of this study are to focus on the United Nations Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods (CISG) case law of the Republic of Latvia; to determine whether and how the mandate has been given in Article 7(1) of CISG, consider its international character and need to promote uniformity in its application is observed in Latvian courts. The author examines and analyses court decisions related to applicability of the CISG in Latvia in the period from September, 2013 to January, 2019. The author notes that arbitration decisions are excluded from this study due to their mostly confidential nature. The study has been performed in a purely theoretical manner assessing and comparing the compliance of judicial decisions with the objectives of the CISG; however, the views of academics and legal scientists have been taken into consideration. The study reveals that courts, although sometimes recognise the CISG applicability, use domestic principles in determining the outcome rather than make decisions based on CISG. Therefore, it identifies that Latvian courts are prone to the so-called homeward trend. The article concludes with the author discussing and suggesting possible solutions in order to minimise the homeward trend.
Vivências de pessoas submetidas à cirurgia bariátrica: base empírica para o cuidar em enfermagem
Authors: Rocha Rafaella Martins Freitas , Carvalho Igho Leonardo do Nascimento , Silva Erisonval Saraiva da , Oliveira Ana Lívia Castelo Branco de , Félix Nuno Damácio de Carvalho , Abreu Ingrid Moura de , Sarmento Amanda Vieira , Silva Ellen Karem Rodrigues da , Silva Aberlam da , Lima Pâmela Pereira
Published: May 2021

Objetivo: Estruturar um plano de cuidados de enfermagem por meio da análise das vivências de pessoas no pós-operatório tardio de cirurgia bariátrica. Métodos: Trata-se de uma pesquisa descritiva realizada, com 12 participantes, em duas etapas com abordagens específicas: análise qualitativa do discurso dos participantes; e metodológica para construção do plano de cuidado de enfermagem. Resultados: Os pacientes submetidos à cirurgia bariátrica apresentam como principais dificuldades adaptação ao novo estilo de vida e às mudanças corporais, enquanto que os aspectos mais significativos são a recuperação da autoestima e melhoria da autoimagem corporal. Constatou-se ainda a ausência e o enorme potencial de atuação dos profissionais enfermeiros. Conclusão: Os profissionais enfermeiros devem atuar no acompanhamento dos pacientes submetidos à cirurgia bariátrica por meio de plano de cuidados estruturado, o que possui potencial de otimizar às mudanças do estilo de vida e promover a qualidade de vida, aumentando a taxa de sucesso do procedimento.
Clinically Amyopathic Dermatomyositis Associated with Recurrence of Esophageal Cancer: A Case Report
Authors: Eversman Anna , Ahsanuddin Sayeeda , Saltzman Joel , Silverman Paula , Beveridge Mara
Published: May 2021

Background: Approximately 20% of patients displaying skin changes characteristic of dermatomyositis do not develop clinical or enzymatic evidence of muscle inflammation within 6 months of onset, leading to a diagnosis of clinically amyopathic dermatomyositis (CADM). While the association between dermatomyositis and malignancy is well-documented, the clinical significance of CADM is still being elucidated.

Case Presentation: We report a case of new-onset CADM associated with recurrent esophageal adenocarcinoma for clinical interest and to add to the limited literature on CADM.

Conclusion: To date, there is only one report of concurrent CADM and esophageal cancer. We present this case for clinical interest and to add to the limited literature on CADM.
Diffuse Dermal Angiomatosis of the Breasts: A Case Series of 8 Patients
Authors: Hobbs Landon Kaleb , Guffy Darren , Flowers R. Hal
Published: May 2021

Background: Diffuse dermal angiomatosis (DDA) is a rare, reactive vascular disorder of the skin. Association with vascular disease, smoking, and large pendulous breasts has been reported. No standard of care exists but benefit with medication and reduction mammaplasty has been reported.
Methods: We report a case of a 49-year-old obese female with a history of smoking who presented with DDA that improved with smoking cessation and pentoxifylline prior to reduction mammaplasty. We also performed a retrospective chart review of all patients with DDA seen at our institution between 2010 and 2020.
Results: Eight female patients with DDA affecting the breasts were evaluated at our institution. The mean age was 49.5 years. Five of the patients noted symptoms at presentation. Obesity was seen in 7 (87.5%) patients and 5 (63%) had a smoking history. There was no significant difference between symptomatic and asymptomatic groups in regard to age, t4=-0.63, p=0.56, but BMI trended higher in the symptomatic group, t6=2.27, p=0.06. Three patients (38%) were noted to have fibromyalgia. All symptomatic patients saw improvement in their symptoms with treatments including reduction mammaplasty (1 patient), aspirin (1 patient), pentoxifylline (3 patients), smoking cessation (2 patients), and/or weight loss (1 patient).
Conclusions: Our series is the second largest series of DDA of the breasts and confirms many reported associations including obesity, smoking, and large pendulous breasts. We report the first known case of improvement with weight loss as a sole intervention, as well as identify a novel potential association between DDA and fibromyalgia.
Effect of Offering Pneumococcal Vaccines During Specialty Care on Vaccination Rates in Patients Receiving Immunosuppressive
Authors: Lindsley Joshua , Webb Nathaniel , Workman Ashleigh , Miller Thaddeus , Stockbridge Erica , Charles Jean , Carletti Michael , Casperson Stephanie , Weis Stephen
Published: May 2021

Purpose: To determine whether clinician-led immunization education with immediate onsite vaccination availability will increase pneumococcal immunizations during specialty care.
Methods: We designed a controlled before and after QI project quasi-experimental design to retrospectively evaluate the QI effectiveness. The QI setting included two clinics. Clinic #1 was a part of the county hospital system and offered comprehensive care. Clinic #2 was a university clinic that hosted a private practice and a dermatology resident continuity clinic. 201 patients with planned or existing immunosuppressive medication regimens attending an initial or follow-up dermatology visit participated in the study. The intervention included clinician provided verbal immunization recommendations. Patients were then given the opportunity for immediate immunization. The main measure of outcome was pneumococcal immunization status after QI intervention.
Results: Our analysis included 201 patients with planned or existing immunosuppressive medication regimens attending an initial or follow-up dermatology visit (aged 0-64 years [82.1%] ,aged ≥65 years [17.9%]; male [34.3%] female [65.6%%]). Of these, 146 [72.6%] were in the QI group and 55 [27.4%] in the comparison group. Our unadjusted analyses identified no significant group differences in immunization status at initial observation (p=0.329; Table 1). Of the 102 patients in the QI group with no pneumococcal immunizations at initial observation, 80.4% (95% CI: 71.4%, 87.1%) received at least one pneumonia vaccination by the final observation. For the 27 patients in the QI group with partial immunization at project initiation, 85.2% (95% CI: 65.9%, 94.5%) received at least one pneumonia vaccination. Overall, 81.4% (95% CI: 73.6, 87.3) of patients in the QI group without full immunization at initial observation received at least one vaccination by the final observation.
Conclusion: These data demonstrate that immunization coverage in patients on immunosuppressive medications can be markedly improved by clinician recommendation with immediate availability of the pneumococcal vaccine during specialty care. Wider adoption of this model and its adaptation to other immunizations and settings is an important opportunity to reduce vaccine-preventable illness, including COVID-19, and improve population health.