bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Atopic dermatitis in West Highland white terriers – Part III: early life peripheral blood regulatory T cells are reduced in atopic dermatitis
Authors: Rostaher Ana , Rodriguez‐Campos Sabrina , Deplazes Peter , Zwickl Lena , Akdis A. Cezmi , Urwyler Adrian , Wheeler David W. , Audergon Sabrina , Fischer Nina Maria , Favrot Claude
Published: February 2021

Background

Regulatory T (Treg) cells are involved in homeostasis of immune regulation and suppression of inflammation and T‐cell polarisation. Current knowledge regarding the role of Treg cells in the initiation of allergic disease is limited for both people and dogs.

Objectives

To explore the role of circulating Treg cells and their possible influencing factors, on the development of atopic dermatitis (AD).

Methods and materials

This study followed part of a birth cohort of West Highland white terrier dogs and classified them according to eventual clinical signs of AD (i.e. allergic versus healthy). The Treg phenotypes were assessed longitudinally by flow cytometry at 3, 3–12 and 12–36 months of age, and associated with development of AD. Different early life antigenic factors [endotoxins and allergens in house dust, Toxocara canis‐specific immunoglobulin (Ig)E/IgG, allergen‐specific and total IgE, skin microbiota] were measured at three months of age, and a possible association with Treg cell levels was assessed.

Results

The percentages of CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ Treg cells in healthy dogs were significantly higher at in 3‐month‐old (mean 4.5% healthy versus 3.3% allergic; P = 0.021) and <1‐year‐old (4.0% healthy versus 2.9% allergic; P = 0.028) dogs when compared to percentages of Treg cells in dogs that developed AD. There was a significantly positive correlation between the relative abundance of Lachnospiraceae on the skin and CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ Treg cells in puppies that became allergic (r = 0.568, P = 0.017).

Conclusion and clinical importance

Further large‐scale studies are needed to identify the practical value of these findings in AD diagnosis, treatment and prevention.
Adaptation of a hands‐on veterinary surgical training course from a traditionally taught laboratory to a remotely taught laboratory during a global pandemic
Authors: Thieman Mankin Kelley M. , Cornell Karen , Peycke Laura , Dickerson Vanna , Scallan Elizabeth
Published: February 2021

Objective

The goal of this study was to evaluate and report details of a remotely taught surgical laboratory.

Study design

Observational.

Sample population

Second‐year veterinary students (n = 143) enrolled in a surgical laboratory; 9 weeks were taught traditionally, and 6 weeks were taught remotely.

Methods

Because of the global pandemic, remote laboratories were developed and delivered. Students performed surgical procedures in model organs remotely while being observed by and receiving feedback from instructors on an internet‐based video platform. Methods for remote surgical teaching were explored, and successes and challenges were detailed. Surveys were administered to the students and faculty to gather perspectives on their experience and subsequent confidence.

Results

Surveys were completed by 81 of 143 (57%) students and seven of seven (100%) instructors. The mean overall student satisfaction score (1 not at all satisfied, 10 very satisfied) for in‐person instruction was 8.2, and the mean score for remote instruction was 6.2 (P < .001). Overall, the instructors had a mean satisfaction score of 8 for in‐person laboratories and a mean satisfaction score of 6 for remotely taught laboratories. Most students had a perception of greater one‐on‐one instructor attention in remote laboratories. Students reported similar confidence levels for three surgical procedures.

Conclusion

The described remote teaching method resulted in the perception of greater instructor attention given to students. Student and instructor satisfaction was lower with remote teaching than with in‐person teaching.

Impact

The described method of remote teaching may be applied to teaching surgical students in settings when face‐to‐face instruction cannot be achieved and may be developed further to create an experience equivalent to face‐to‐face instruction.
The Role of the Centerbody Wake on the Precessing Vortex Core Dynamics of a Swirl Nozzle
Authors: Mukherjee Arnab , Muthichur Nishanth , More Chaitali , Gupta Saarthak , Hemchandra Santosh
Published: February 2021

The precessing vortex core (PVC) phenomenon in swirling jets is a helical instability in the flow driven by the coherent precession of the vortex breakdown bubble (VBB) around the flow axis, resulting in the helical rollup of the shear layer. This instability is driven by flow processes in the region upstream of the VBB. Centerbodies, commonly employed in combustor nozzles, create a centerbody wake recirculation zone (CWRZ) that can interfere with VBB precession and hence suppress the PVC. We study this phenomenon in a swirl nozzle with a centerbody whose end face is flush with the nozzle exit plane, using large eddy simulations (LES) and linear hydrodynamic stability analysis for flow Reynolds numbers Re = 48,767 and 82,751, based on nozzle exit diameter and bulk flow velocity. For one of the Re = 82,751 cases, the centerbody end face diameter is halved, resulting in the onset of coherent VBB precession. Linear stability analysis reveals a marginally unstable mode in this case. The same mode is found to be stable in the nominal cases. Structural sensitivity analysis shows that the VBB precession eigenmode is sensitive to changes in the time-averaged flow in the VBB-CWRZ merger region. This suggests that the reduction in CWRZ length due to halving the centerbody end face diameter is the reason for the onset of VBB precession. These results suggest that in general, spatial separation between the CWRZ and VBB can result in the onset of VBB precession and the emergence of PVC oscillations in flows with swirl.
Kepler Made Me Do It
Authors: Dumar John
Published: February 2021

When our school implemented AP Physics 1, I wanted to include a project that would extend over time, use more advanced data analysis, and teach students about handling experimental error. Using a donated 5-inch Newtonian telescope and an entry-level digital camera, the students gathered data from digital images of the four Galilean moons, Io, Europa, Ganymede, and Callisto (see Fig. 1), to verify Kepler’s third law of planetary motion (T2=Kr3). Simulation software could have been used. Among others, Project CLEA (Contemporary Laboratory Experiences in Astronomy) seems to be a favorite that includes verifying Kepler’s third law using the orbits of the Galilean moons. Galileo measured the moons’ periods with his telescope. My students could do the same with modern equipment. The investigation started with a purely Keplerian analysis of the data, then to a Newtonian analysis leading to accurate orbital properties of the Galilean moons and Jupiter’s mass. Once the images have been obtained, they can be used each year.
Artificial intelligence enabled preliminary diagnosis for COVID-19 from voice cues and questionnaires
Authors: Shimon Carmi , Shafat Gabi , Dangoor Inbal , Ben-Shitrit Asher
Published: February 2021

The COVID-19 outbreak was announced as a global pandemic by the World Health Organization in March 2020 and has affected a growing number of people in the past few months. In this context, advanced artificial intelligence techniques are brought to the forefront as a response to the ongoing fight toward reducing the impact of this global health crisis. In this study, potential use-cases of intelligent speech analysis for COVID-19 identification are being developed. By analyzing speech recordings from COVID-19 positive and negative patients, we constructed audio- and symptomatic-based models to automatically categorize the health state of patients, whether they are COVID-19 positive or not. For this purpose, many acoustic features were established, and various machine learning algorithms are being utilized. Experiments show that an average accuracy of 80% was obtained estimating COVID-19 positive or negative, derived from multiple cough and vowel /a/ recordings, and an average accuracy of 83% was obtained estimating COVID-19 positive or negative patients by evaluating six symptomatic questions. We hope that this study can foster an extremely fast, low-cost, and convenient way to automatically detect the COVID-19 disease.
Cocreating Change Through Sport-Based Social Entrepreneurship
Authors: Snelgrove Ryan , Wood Laura
Published: February 2021

This article describes the design of an undergraduate course in which students learn how to cocreate change using social entrepreneurship. This approach is presented as a way of broadening sport management students’ awareness of nontraditional career opportunities and facilitating an understanding of the skills and knowledge necessary to succeed as a social entrepreneur. Drawing on situational learning theory and cognitive learning theory, the course facilitates learning through student engagement in a community of practice and weekly workshops.
Study: Police diversity matters
Authors: Starr Douglas
Published: February 2021

Landmark analysis of 7000 Chicago police shows nonwhite and female officers make fewer stops.
Illicit centipede spurs taxonomy journal debate
Authors: Law Yao-Hua
Published: February 2021

Editors differ about whether they are obliged to ensure specimens are legally acquired.
Germanium nanospheres for ultraresolution picotensiometry of kinesin motors
Authors: Sudhakar Swathi , Abdosamadi Mohammad Kazem , Jachowski Tobias Jörg , Bugiel Michael , Jannasch Anita , Schäffer Erik
Published: February 2021

Kinesin takes substeps

Simultaneously measuring the nanoscale motion and forces that molecular machines generate provides insights into how they work mechanically to fulfill their cellular function. To study these machines, Sudhakar
et al.
developed germanium semiconductor nanospheres as probes for so-called optical tweezers. With these high–refractive index nanospheres, they improved the resolution of optical tweezers and discovered that the motor kinesin takes 4-nanometer substeps. Further, instead of detaching from their microtubule track under load, motors slid back on it, enabling rapid reengagement in transport. The new technology will allow investigation of a range of other proteins and their behaviors at nanometer scales.

Science
, this issue p.
eabd9944
Microplastics and human health
Authors: Vethaak A. Dick , Legler Juliette
Published: February 2021

Knowledge gaps should be addressed to ascertain the health risks of microplastics
Antibody Responses to Two Recombinant Treponemal Antigens (rp17 and TmpA) before and after Azithromycin Treatment for Yaws in Ghana and Papua New Guinea
Authors: Parameswaran Nishanth , Mitjà Oriol , Bottomley Christian , Kwakye Cynthia , Houinei Wendy , Pillay Allan , Danavall Damien , Chi Kai-Hua , Ballard Ronald C. , Solomon Anthony W. , Chen Cheng Y. , Bieb Sibauk V. , Adu-Sarkodie Yaw , Mabey David C. W. , Asiedu Kingsley , Marks Michael , Martin Diana L.
Published: February 2021

WHO and its partners aim to interrupt yaws transmission in countries of endemicity and to certify others as being yaws-free. Transmission can be assessed using rapid plasma reagin (RPR) tests, reflecting current or recent infection, but RPR is operationally impractical.
Carbon isotope and sequence stratigraphy of the upper Isachsen Formation on Axel Heiberg Island (Nunavut, Canada): High Arctic expression of oceanic anoxic event 1a in a deltaic environment
Authors: Dummann W. , Schröder-Adams C. , Hofmann P. , Rethemeyer J. , Herrle J.O.
Published: February 2021

The Early Cretaceous oceanic anoxic event (OAE) 1a documents a major perturbation of the global carbon cycle with severe consequences for the ocean-climate-biosphere system. While numerous studies over the past decades have provided a relatively detailed picture of the environmental repercussions of OAE 1a at low and mid-latitudes, studies from high latitudes, in particular the High Arctic, are limited. In this study, we present a high-resolution carbon isotopic and sequence stratigraphic framework for the lower to lower upper Aptian interval of the Isachsen Formation of the High Arctic Sverdrup Basin (Canada). These data enable us to precisely locate the stratigraphic position of OAE 1a in a deltaic sedimentary environment. The carbon isotope record allows, for the first time, identification of the different carbon isotope segments (CISs) of OAE 1a in the Sverdrup Basin and thereby correlation of the High Arctic record with sections from lower latitudes. Based on this improved chemostratigraphy, we revise the age of upper Paterson Island, Rondon, and Walker Island Members, important regional lithostratigraphic marker units. Whole-rock geochemical data record two episodes of marine incursion into the Sverdrup Basin during OAE 1a (CISs Ap3 and Ap6), which are interpreted as regional maximum flooding surfaces. This information is used in conjunction with detailed sedimentological logs and geochemical grain-size proxies to refine the sequence stratigraphic framework for the upper Isachsen Formation. We propose that transgressive-regressive cycles in the Sverdrup Basin were controlled mainly by the combined effects of eustatic sea-level changes and regional tectonic uplift, potentially related to the emplacement of Alpha Ridge, which culminated at ca. 122 Ma during CIS Ap9.
Cardiac arrest after severe traumatic brain injury can be survivable with good outcomes
Authors: Zhao Zirun , Liang Justine J , Wang Zhe , Winans Nathan J , Morris Matthew , Doyle Stephen , Fry Adam , Fiore Susan M , Mofakham Sima , Mikell Charles B
Published: February 2021

Background

Resuscitation for traumatic cardiac arrest (TCA) in patients with severe traumatic brain injury (sTBI) has historically been considered futile. There is little information on the characteristics and outcomes of these patients to guide intervention and prognosis. The purpose of the current study is to report the clinical characteristics, survival, and long-term neurological outcomes in patients who experienced TCA after sTBI and analyze the factors contributing to survival.

Methods

A retrospective review identified 42 patients with TCA from a total of 402 patients with sTBI (Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score ≤8) who were admitted to Stony Brook University Hospital, a level I trauma center, from January 2011 to December 2018. Patient demographics, clinical characteristics, survival, and neurological functioning during hospitalization and at follow-up visits were collected.

Results

Of the 42 patients, the average age was 45 years and 21.4% were female. Eight patients survived the injury (19.0%) to discharge and seven survived with good neurological function. Admission GCS score and bilateral pupil reactivity were found to be significant indicators of survival. The mean GCS score was 5.3 in survivors and 3.2 in non-survivors (p=0.020). Age, Injury Severity Score, or cardiac rhythm was not associated with survival. Frequent neuroimaging findings included subarachnoid hemorrhage, subdural hematoma, and diffuse axonal injury.

Discussion

TCA after sTBI is survivable and seven out of eight patients in our study recovered with good neurological function. GCS score and pupil reactivity are the best indicators of survival. Our results suggest that due to the possibility of recovery, resuscitation and neurosurgical care should not be withheld from this patient population.

Level of evidence

Level IV, therapeutic/care management.
Driven cast-in-situ pile capacity: insights from dynamic and static load testing
Authors: Flynn Kevin N. , McCabe Bryan A.
Published: February 2021

Driven cast-in-situ (DCIS) piles are classified as large displacement piles. However, the use of an oversized driving shoe introduces additional complexities influencing shaft resistance mobilisation, over and above those applicable to preformed displacement piles. Therefore, several design codes restrict the magnitude of shaft resistance in DCIS pile design. In this paper, a series of dynamic load tests was performed on the temporary steel driving tubes during DCIS pile installation at three UK sites. The instrumented piles were subsequently subjected to maintained compression load tests to failure. The mobilised shear stresses inferred from the dynamic tests during driving were two to five times smaller than those on the as-constructed piles during maintained load testing. This was attributed to soil loosening along the tube shaft arising from the oversized base shoe. These radial stress reductions appear to be reversible by the freshly cast concrete fluid pressures, which provide lower-bound estimates of radial total stress inferred from the measured shear stresses during static loading. This recovery in shaft resistance is not recognised in some European design practices, resulting in conservative design lengths. Whilst the shaft resistance of DCIS piles was underpredicted by the dynamic load tests, reasonable estimates of base resistance were obtained.
Partitioning fish communities into guilds for ecological analyses: an overview of current approaches and future directions
Authors: Benoit David M. , Jackson Donald A. , Chu Cindy
Published: February 2021

A major strength of the guild approach is its ability to simplify community analysis by aggregating species with similar roles or functions into groups. These groups can be used to study a number of important ecological concepts, including functional diversity, community response to disturbance, and food-web dynamics. Despite increased use, guild membership can be based on subjective criteria that are arbitrarily chosen, leading to inconsistencies across studies. Additionally, studies using the guild approach generally ignore ontogenetic changes in diet and habitat use and therefore do not fully capture the complexity of aquatic communities. Although these issues have been discussed in the literature, much has changed since the last review was published a decade ago. In our examination, we discuss data requirements and consequences of data availability and reliability on guild formation. We identify bootstrapping and permutation techniques developed to address limitations through cluster validation and the identification of ontogenetic shifts prior to guild delineation. Lastly, we provide a step-by-step guide to guild analysis, accompanied by a decision tree, to facilitate objective and informed guild creation.
Magnetism and thermal stability of layered TiO2–MoS2
Authors: Liu Chunming , Gan Luo , Zhang Haiyan , Dai Jiangdong , Fang Dong
Published: February 2021

The magnetism and thermal stability of layered TiO2–MoS2 (LTM) were investigated. Compared with layered TiO2 (LT), the magnetization of LTM is reduced greatly. As verified by photoluminescence and X-ray photoelectron spectra measurements, the reduction of magnetization is related to the decreasing of oxygen vacancy and Ti3+. The temperature dependence of magnetism is only slightly different between LT and LTM, indicating that layer MoS2 has very little contribution to magnetism. The thermal stability of LTM was studied by heating the sample in Ar atmosphere at different temperatures. The layered structure of LTM is destroyed by heating at 100 °C because the MoS2 layer is changed into MoS2 particles by heating at this temperature.
Coyote (Canis latrans) diet and spatial co-occurrence with woodland caribou (Rangifer tarandus caribou)
Authors: Huang Richard K.K. , Webber Quinn M.R. , Laforge Michel P. , Robitaille Alec L. , Bonar Maegwin , Balluffi-Fry Juliana , Zabihi-Seissan Sana , Vander Wal Eric
Published: February 2021

The interplay of predator encounters and antipredator responses is an integral part of understanding predator–prey interactions and spatial co-occurrence and avoidance can elucidate these interactions. We conducted hard-part dietary analysis of coyotes (Canis latrans Say, 1823) and space use of coyotes and woodland caribou (Rangifer tarandus caribou (Gmelin, 1788)) to test two competing hypotheses about coyote and caribou predator–prey spatial dynamics using resource selection functions. The high encounter hypothesis predicts that coyotes would maximize encounters with caribou via high spatial co-occurrence, whereas the predator stealth hypothesis predicts that through low spatial co-occurrence with caribou, coyotes act as stealth predators by avoiding habitats that caribou typically select. Our dietary analysis revealed that ∼46% of sampled coyote diet is composed of caribou. We found that coyote share space with caribou in lichen-barren habitat in both summer and winter and that coyotes co-occur with caribou in forested habitat during summer, but not during winter. Our findings support predictions associated with the high encounter predator hypothesis whereby coyotes and caribou have high spatial co-occurrence promoting caribou in coyote diet.
Establishment, contagiousness, and initial spread of SARS-CoV-2 in Canada
Authors: Krkošek Martin , Jarvis-Cross Madeline , Wadhawan Kiran , Berry Isha , Soucy Jean-Paul R. , Bodner Korryn , Greiner Ariel , Krichel Leila , Penk Stephanie , Shea Dylan , Vargas Soto Juan S. , Tekwa Ed W. , Mideo Nicole , Molnár Péter K.
Published: February 2021

This study empirically quantifies dynamics of SARS-CoV-2 establishment and early spread in Canada. We developed a transmission model that was simulation tested and fitted in a Bayesian framework to timeseries of new cases per day prior to physical distancing interventions. A hierarchical version was fitted to all provinces simultaneously to obtain average estimates for Canada. Across scenarios of a latent period of 2–4 d and an infectious period of 5–9 d, the R0estimate for Canada ranges from a minimum of 3.0 (95% CI: 2.3–3.9) to a maximum of 5.3 (95% CI: 3.9–7.1). Among provinces, the estimated commencement of community transmission ranged from 3 d before to 50 d after the first reported case and from 2 to 25 d before the first reports of community transmission. Among parameter scenarios and provinces, the median reduction in transmission needed to obtain R0< 1 ranged from 46% (95% CI: 43%–48%) to 89% (95% CI: 88%–90%). Our results indicate that local epidemics of SARS-CoV-2 in Canada entail high levels of stochasticity, contagiousness, and observation delay, which facilitates rapid undetected spread and requires comprehensive testing and contact tracing for its containment.
Erratum to: Measurements of $$\pi ^-$$ production in $$^7\hbox {Be}+{}^9\hbox {Be}$$ collisions at beam momenta from 19A to 150$$A\,\text{ Ge } \text{ V }/c$$ in the NA61/SHINE experiment at the CERN SPS
Authors: Acharya A. , Adhikary H. , Aduszkiewicz A. , Allison K. K. , Andronov E. V. , Antićić T. , Babkin V. , Baszczyk M. , Bhosale S. , Blondel A. , Bogomilov M. , Brandin A. , Bravar A. , Bryliński W. , Brzychczyk J. , Buryakov M. , Busygina O. , Bzdak A. , Cherif H. , Ćirković M. , Csanad M. , Cybowska J. , Czopowicz T. , Damyanova A. , Davis N. , Deliyergiyev M. , Deveaux M. , Dmitriev A. , Dominik W. , Dorosz P. , Dumarchez J. , Engel R. , Feofilov G. A. , Fields L. , Fodor Z. , Garibov A. , Gaździcki M. , Golosov O. , Golovatyuk V. , Golubeva M. , Grebieszkow K. , Guber F. , Haesler A. , Igolkin S. N. , Ilieva S. , Ivashkin A. , Johnson S. R. , Kadija K. , Kargin N. , Kashirin E. , Kiełbowicz M. , Kireyeu V. A. , Klochkov V. , Kolesnikov V. I. , Kolev D. , Korzenev A. , Kovalenko V. N. , Kowalski S. , Koziel M. , Krasnoperov A. , Kucewicz W. , Kuich M. , Kurepin A. , Larsen D. , László A. , Lazareva T. V. , Lewicki M. , Łojek K. , Lyubushkin V. V. , Maćkowiak-Pawłowska M. , Majka Z. , Maksiak B. , Malakhov A. I. , Marcinek A. , Marino A. D. , Marton K. , Mathes H.-J. , Matulewicz T. , Matveev V. , Melkumov G. L. , Merzlaya A. O. , Messerly B. , Mik Ł. , Morozov S. , Mrówczyński S. , Nagai Y. , Naskręt M. , Ozvenchuk V. , Paolone V. , Petukhov O. , Płaneta R. , Podlaski P. , Popov B. A. , Porfy B. , Posiadała-Zezula M. , Prokhorova D. S. , Pszczel D. , Puławski S. , Puzović J. , Ravonel M. , Renfordt R. , Röhrich D. , Rondio E. , Roth M. , Rumberger B. T. , Rumyantsev M. , Rustamov A. , Rybczynski M. , Rybicki A. , Sadhu S. , Sadovsky A. , Schmidt K. , Selyuzhenkov I. , Seryakov A. Yu. , Seyboth P. , Słodkowski M. , Staszel P. , Stefanek G. , Stepaniak J. , Strikhanov M. , Ströbele H. , Šuša T. , Taranenko A. , Tefelska A. , Tefelski D. , Tereshchenko V. , Toia A. , Tsenov R. , Turko L. , Ulrich R. , Unger M. , Uzhva D. , Valiev F. F. , Veberič D. , Vechernin V. V. , Wickremasinghe A. , Włodarczyk Z. , Wojcik K. , Wyszyński O. , Zimmerman E. D. , Zwaska R.
Published: February 2021

In this erratum, we clarify the details of the comparison of
Two approaches that prove divergence free nature of non-local gravity
Authors: Hameeda M. , Pourhassan B. , Rocca M. C. , Brzo Aram Bahroz
Published: February 2021

This paper is an attempt to study the thermodynamics of the structure formation in the large scale universe in the non local gravity using Boltzmann statistics and the Tsallis statistics. The partition function is obtained in both the approaches and the corresponding thermodynamics properties are evaluated. The important thing about the paper is that we surprisingly get the divergence free integrals and thus stress upon the fact that the nonlocal gravity is the singularity free model of gravity.
Impact of f(R,T) gravity in evolution of charged viscous fluids
Authors: Noureen I. , Usman-ul-Haq  , Mardan S. A.
Published: February 2021

In this work, the evolution of spherically symmetric charged anisotropic viscous fluids is discussed in framework of [Formula: see text] gravity. In order to conduct the analysis, modified Einstein Maxwell field equations are constructed. Nonzero divergence of modified energy momentum tensor is taken that implicates dynamical equations. The perturbation scheme is applied to dynamical equations for stability analysis. The stability analysis is carried out in Newtonian and post-Newtonian limits. It is observed that charge, fluid distribution, electromagnetic field, viscosity and mass of the celestial objects greatly affect the collapsing process as well as stability of stars.
About this title - The Basins, Orogens and Evolution of the Southern Gulf of Mexico and Northern Caribbean
Authors: Davison I. , Hull J. N. F. , Pindell J.
Published: February 2021

This volume brings together 17 comprehensive, data-rich analyses to provide
an
updated perspective on the Mexican sector of the Gulf of Mexico, Florida and the northern Caribbean. The papers span a broad range of scales and disciplines from plate tectonic evolution to sub-basin-scale analysis. Papers are broadly categorized into three themes: (1) geological evolution of the basins of the southern Gulf of Mexico in Mexico, Bahamas and Florida and their hydrocarbon potential; (2) evolution of the region's Late Cretaceous to Neogene orogens and subsequent denudation history; and (3) geological evolution of the basins and crustal elements of the northern Caribbean. This book and its extensive datasets are essential for all academic and exploration geoscientists working in this area. The volume also includes two large maps detailing the Mexican Gulf of Mexico and the Northern Caribbean areas.
Compiler Support for the Fortran 2008 and 2018 Standards
Authors: Chivers Ian D. , Sleightholme Jane
Published: February 2021

This document looks at compiler support for the most recent Fortran standards. It is a successor to a previous document that looked at support for earlier standards. As most actively developed compilers now fully support the Fortran 2003 standard (with some minor exceptions) our starting point is the Fortran 2008 standard.
Systolic reserve maintains left ventricular-vascular coupling when challenged by adverse breathing mechanics and hypertension in healthy adults
Authors: Wright S. P. , Cheyne W. S. , Gelinas J. C. , Harper M. I. , Sasso J. P. , Eves N. D.
Published: February 2021

In healthy younger adults, combined dynamic hyperinflation (DH) and negative intrathoracic pressures (nITP) attenuate left ventricular filling, but through different mechanisms at different severities. DH and nITP contribute to increased left ventricular afterload through mechanical effects in addition to presumed reflexive regulation, which can be further increased by elevated arterial loading. However, within this demographic, the left ventricle has substantial reserve to increase systolic performance, which matches contractility to afterload to preserve stroke volume.
Trans-Septal Myocardial Biopsy in Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy Using the Liwen Procedure: An Introduction of a Novel Technique
Authors: Han Chao , Zhou Mengyao , Hu Rui , Wang Bo , Zuo Lei , Li Jing , Ta Shengjun , Hsi David H. , Liu Jiani , Wei Lichun , Liu Liwen
Published: February 2021

Objective. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the feasibility and safety of myocardial biopsy using a new approach, the Liwen procedure. Background. Myocardial biopsy is essential when other methods could not differentiate other etiologies from hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy (HOCM). Our previous work using intramyocardial radiofrequency ablation for hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy (Liwen procedure) may provide another approach to obtain the myocardial samples. Method. Seventeen patients with HOCM were enrolled for biopsies through percutaneously accessed intramyocardial septum and evaluated possible complications. Results. We obtained 31 specimens from 17 patients with a success rate of sample acquisition 100.0%. The number of myocardial samples taken per patient was 1.8 ± 0.8, and the average length of all samples was 16.7 ± 5.6 mm which could be used for pathological diagnosis. The complications included pericardial effusion with and without tamponade in one patient (5.9%), and no incidence of nonsustained and sustained ventricular tachycardia, conduction abnormity, perforation, stroke, and pneumothorax. The inhospital and 30-day mortality was 0%. Conclusion. This study has shown that myocardial biopsy of the Liwen procedure is relatively safe and technically feasible with adequate tissue sampling, which may help pathological diagnosis and further research of HOCM of diverse etiologies. This trial is registered with NCT04355260.
Chlorogenic Acid Alleviates Colon Mucosal Damage Induced by a High‐Fat Diet via Gut Microflora Adjustment to Increase Short‐Chain Fatty Acid Accumulation in Rats
Authors: Xie M. Gui , Fei Y. Quan , Wang Y. , Wang W. Yan , Wang Z.
Published: February 2021

A high‐fat diet (HFD) has been previously associated with the development of diseases such as chronic colitis. While chlorogenic acid (CGA) is known to exhibit potent antioxidant, antibacterial, and anti‐inflammatory properties, little is known about its effects on intestinal inflammation. In this study, we investigated the effects of CGA on intestinal inflammation in an HFD‐induced obesity rat model and assessed whether these effects were related to changes in gut microbiota composition. This was achieved by examining physiological and biochemical indicators, the liver transcriptome, and the structure of the fecal microflora. CGA treatment significantly reduced HFD‐induced internal organ weight gain, promoted colon tissue repair, downregulated the expression of inflammatory cytokines, and promoted the accumulation of the tight junction protein. KEGG enrichment analysis of differentially expressed genes, applied to data from the RNA‐seq of rat liver tissue, revealed that CGA treatment significantly affected amino acid and lipid metabolism in the liver. Furthermore, CGA decreased the abundance of bacteria belonging to the genera Blautia, Sutterella, and Akkermansia and increased butyric acid levels, which were positively correlated with the abundance of Ruminococcus (butyric acid producer). Moreover, the beneficial changes observed in the HFD group were not as pronounced as those in the CGA treatment group. In summary, CGA can alleviate colitis in HFD‐induced obesity through its anti‐inflammatory effects associated with changes in gut microbiota composition and an increase in the production of short‐chain fatty acids and thus can be used as a potential drug for the treatment of this pathology.
Physiology-Based Revascularization of Left Main Coronary Artery Disease
Authors: Kayaert Peter , Coeman Mathieu , Gevaert Sofie , De Pauw Michel , Haine Steven
Published: February 2021

It is of critical importance to correctly assess the significance of a left main lesion. Underestimation of significance beholds the risk of inappropriate deferral of revascularization, whereas overestimation may trigger major but unnecessary interventions. This article addresses the invasive physiological assessment of left main disease and its role in deciding upon revascularization. It mainly focuses on the available evidence for fractional flow reserve and instantaneous wave-free ratio, their interpretation, and limitations. We also discuss alternative invasive physiological indices and imaging, as well as the link between physiology, ischemia, and prognosis.
Gaussian‐Based Soft Computing Approach to Alternative Banking System for Sustainable Financial Sector
Authors: Yang Fan , Kalkavan Hakan , Dinçer Hasan , Yüksel Serhat , Eti Serkan
Published: February 2021

This study aims to identify the necessary strategies for the development of a sustainable financial system. For this purpose, a novel approach could be provided for soft computing with Gaussian‐based fuzzy DEMATEL approach to understand the significant levels and impact‐relation degrees of these criteria. For robustness check, this evaluation has also been performed for triangular and trapezoidal fuzzy sets. There are many novelties of this study. Firstly, computer science has a significant role in the decision‐making process. Another specificity is that the use of Gaussian numbers with fuzzy numbers is a new area. In addition, interval type‐2 fuzzy (IT2F) sets also provide a significant advantage in decision‐making under uncertainty. The results demonstrate that the size of the alternative financing, investment in efficient projects, and effective advertisement/promotions are the most important items to affect the performance of alternative banking system of emerging economies. Hence, it is recommended that the new banking applications should be applied by the state or the state can provide some incentives for foreign banks to invest in emerging economies, such as tax reduction. Another important point is that the financial intermediations should generate a component financial analysis team to examine the financial reports of the companies in detail so that the financial credibility of these companies can be evaluated more effectively.
Analysis of Differentially Expressed Genes in the Dentate Gyrus and Anterior Cingulate Cortex in a Mouse Model of Depression
Authors: Wei Yicong , Qi Keming , Yu Yi , Lu Wei , Xu Wei , Yang Chengzi , Lin Yu
Published: February 2021

Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a prevalent, chronic, and relapse‐prone psychiatric disease. However, the intermediate molecules resulting from stress and neurological impairment in different brain regions are still unclear. To clarify the pathological changes in the dentate gyrus (DG) and anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) regions of the MDD brain, which are the most closely related to the disease, we investigated the published microarray profile dataset GSE84183 to identify unpredictable chronic mild stress‐ (UCMS‐) induced differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the DG and ACC regions. Based on the DEG data, functional annotation, protein‐protein interaction, and transcription factor (TF) analyses were performed. In this study, 1071 DEGs (679 upregulated and 392 downregulated) and 410 DEGs (222 upregulated and 188 downregulated) were identified in DG and ACC, respectively. The pathways and GO terms enriched by the DEGs in the DG, such as cell adhesion, proteolysis, ion transport, transmembrane transport, chemical synaptic transmission, immune system processes, response to lipopolysaccharide, and nervous system development, may reveal the molecular mechanism of MDD. However, the DEGs in the ACC involved metabolic processes, proteolysis, visual learning, DNA methylation, innate immune responses, cell migration, and circadian rhythm. Sixteen hub genes in the DG (Fn1, Col1a1, Anxa1, Penk, Ptgs2, Cdh1, Timp1, Vim, Rpl30, Rps21, Dntt, Ptk2b, Jun, Avp, Slit1, and Sema5a) were identified. Eight hub genes in the ACC (Prkcg, Grin1, Syngap1, Rrp9, Grwd1, Pik3r1, Hnrnpc, and Prpf40a) were identified. In addition, eleven TFs (Chd2, Zmiz1, Myb, Etv4, Rela, Tcf4, Tcf12, Chd1, Mef2a, Ubtf, and Mxi1) were predicted to regulate more than two of these hub genes. The expression levels of ten randomly selected hub genes that were specifically differentially expressed in the MDD‐like animal model were verified in the corresponding regions in the human brain. These hub genes and TFs may be regarded as potential targets for future MDD treatment strategies, thus aiding in the development of new therapeutic approaches to MDD.
Effect of Naringin Treatment on Postmenopausal Osteoporosis in Ovariectomized Rats: A Meta-Analysis and Systematic Review
Authors: Zhu Zhu , Xie Wenjing , Li Yanyan , Zhu Zaiou , Zhang Wei
Published: February 2021

Background. Osteoporosis is a major disease that affects the quality of life of middle-aged and old people, so it is very important to find efficient and safe drugs to treat osteoporosis. The purpose of this study was to investigate the therapeutic effect of naringin on postmenopausal osteoporosis in ovariectomized (OVX) rats. Methods. Chinese biomedical databases, CNKI, PubMed, EMBASE, and Wan Fang were searched for articles from inception to March 2020. Two independent researchers screened articles according to inclusion criteria. RevMan 5.3 was used for data analysis. Results. Ten studies were included in the systematic review. The bone mineral density (BMD) significantly increased after naringin treatment (weighted mean difference, 0.06; 95% CI, 0.03–0.09;

P

 < 0.01). There was no significant increase in BMD after estrogen treatment compared with naringin (weighted mean difference, 0.00; 95% CI, −0.00 to 0.01;

P

 = 0.06). The trabecular bone volume (BV/TV) (weighted mean difference, 2.09; 95% CI, 1.85–2.34;

P

 < 0.01) and trabecular thickness (Tb.Th) (weighted mean difference, 6.65; 95% CI, 6.55–6.74;

P

 < 0.01) significantly increased after using naringin. Conclusions. Naringin had been shown to promote bone formation in OVX rats. However, the mechanism of naringin needs more research to confirm.
Intelligent Decision Support System of Emergency Language Based on Fog Computing
Authors: Wang Li
Published: February 2021

In recent years, various emergencies have frequently occurred worldwide, which has forced relevant service departments to pay more attention to decision-making and emergency management. Since emergency events are characterized by complex environments, unstable events, and time constraints, events usually involve multiple factors and promptly correct errors in the decision-making process. In fact, in many cases, emergency decision-making needs to select an optimal one from multiple alternatives for execution. The fog algorithm decision-making method can solve the problem of optimal solution selection, and it has been widely used in many fields. This article evaluates the emergencies that have occurred in the past 10 years. The evaluation indicators include direct economic loss, indirect reputation loss, ecological environment indicators, and healthy living indicators. The first two are cost-based indicators. The index value of direct economic loss and indirect reputation loss is as small as possible, while the index value of ecological environment index and healthy living index is the larger the better. Among the many selected emergencies, only the index evaluation scores of fires are reliable (

P
<
0.01

), and the evaluation scores of other emergencies belonging to natural disasters are a bit wrong (

P
>
0.05

). The reason for this may be that the direct economic losses caused by natural disasters are not well counted, and the families involved and the environment are too wide. Therefore, the emergency language intelligent decision support system based on fog computing has a good development prospect.
3D Physical Modelling Study of Shield‐Strata Interaction under Roof Dynamic Loading Condition
Authors: Yang Shengli , Yue Hao , Song Gaofeng , Wang Junjie , Ma Yanyao , Liu Fengqi
Published: February 2021

The dynamic hazards in the open face area caused by the impact load of the massive strong roof become increasingly severe with the increase in the cutting height of the longwall face and its depth of cover. Understanding the strata‐shield interaction under the dynamic impact loading condition may relieve the dynamic hazards. In this paper, a 3D physical modelling platform is developed to study the interaction between the roof strata and the longwall shield under the dynamic impact load conditions. A steel plate is dropped to the coal face wall at a certain height above the immediate roof to simulate the free fall of the main roof and the dynamic impact loading environment. The occurrence of major roof falls is modelled at different height above the model and at different positions relative to the longwall faceline. The large‐cutting‐height and top‐coal‐caving mining methods are modelled in the study to include the nature of the immediate roof. The results show that the level of face and roof failures depends on the magnitude of the dynamic impact load. The position and height of the roof fall have an important influence to the stability of the roof and face. The pressures on the shield and the solid coal face are relieved for the top‐coal‐caving face as compared to the large‐cutting‐height face.
Prevalence of Anaemia and Its Associated Factors among Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients in University of Gondar Comprehensive Specialized Hospital
Authors: Kebede Sewnet Adem , Tusa Biruk Shalmeno , Weldesenbet Adisu Birhanu
Published: February 2021

Background. Anaemia is one of the commonest blood disorders seen in patients with diabetes. In Ethiopia, chronic illnesses are tremendously raising with their complications. But very little research has been conducted, particularly on anaemia among diabetes mellitus (DM) patients. Therefore, this study aimed at assessing the prevalence of anaemia and associated factors among type 2 diabetes mellitus patients in Northwest Ethiopia. Methods. A cross-sectional study design was employed at University of Gondar Comprehensive Specialized Hospital from March 1 to April 15, 2019, among 372 type 2 diabetes mellitus patients (T2DM). Multivariable logistic regression analysis was fitted, and the corresponding adjusted odds ratio (AOR) and 95% CI were used to identify factors associated with anaemia. Level of significance was declared at the

p

value less than 0.05. Results. The study revealed 8.06% (95% CI: 5.68–11.31%) of the participants were anaemic. Being male (AOR = 2.74, CI: 1.02, 7.38), combined type of treatment (AOR = 8.38, CI: 1.66, 42.25), having diabetes-related microvascular complications (AOR = 3.24, CI: 1.14, 9.26), and hypertension (AOR = 0.01, CI: 0.002, 0.06) were the significant factors associated with anaemia. Conclusions. The finding of the current study revealed low prevalence of anaemia among T2DM patients. Sex, type of treatment, diabetes-related microvascular complications, and hypertension were factors associated with anaemia. Assessment of haemoglobin levels among T2DM patients may help to prevent ensuing microvascular complications. Incorporate anaemia screening into the routine assessment of diabetic complication particularly for those who are hypertensive and took combined treatment to allow early appreciation and treatment of anaemia and later improve the overall care of patients with diabetes.
Influence of the Activator Concentration and Solid/Liquid Ratio on the Strength and Shrinkage Characteristics of Alkali‐Activated Slag Geopolymer Pastes
Authors: Xu Zikai , Yue Jinchao , Pang Guanhong , Li Ruixia , Zhang Peng , Xu Shengtang
Published: February 2021

Geopolymers have distinct advantages such as having energy‐saving properties, being an environmentally protective material, and having high mechanical strength and durability. However, the shrinkage of the geopolymer materials is one of the major problems to affect its practical application. In this study, blast furnace slag‐based geopolymer pastes were prepared using sodium silicate and sodium hydroxide as activators to investigate the effect of the activator concentration and solid/liquid ratio on strength and shrinkage properties. For a better understanding of the reaction mechanism and microstructure of the geopolymer pastes, a multitechnique approach including scanning electron microscopy, X‐ray diffraction, and Fourier transform infrared spectra was carried out. The results showed that the geopolymers compressive strength increased significantly as the activator concentration increased. The increase in activator concentration first increased the flexural strength and then decreased and reached the maximum when the activator concentration was 40%. A higher activator concentration, as well as a lower solid/liquid ratio, generally led to serious geopolymers drying shrinkage. These findings are expected to be ascribed from the changes in the content of the alkali‐activated product (i.e., hydrate calcium aluminosilicate), which depends on the activator concentration. The increase in C‐A‐S‐H gel (hydrate calcium aluminosilicate) compacts paste densifiers but causes shrinkage fracture concerns. These results provide an appropriate proportion for alkali‐activated slag geopolymer pastes with better mechanical strength and antidry‐shrinkage cracking properties, which are beneficial for the further applications of geopolymer materials.
[Retracted] Construction of Mobile E‐Commerce Platform and Analysis of Its Impact on E‐Commerce Logistics Customer Satisfaction
Authors: Dong Zhonghui
Published: February 2021

With the development of mobile network communication technology, online shopping has further become the mainstream way of mass consumption. To this end, this article attempts to start from the innovation of e‐commerce platform, uses today’s Internet of Things, collects relevant information, and collects relevant data through smart sensors, to establish a mobile e‐commerce platform and analyze and explore the impact of e‐commerce logistics customer satisfaction of factors revolve around e‐commerce logistics. This article uses smart sensor technology to mine and analyze e‐commerce information data and then design and build a new mobile e‐commerce platform. Taking the two major e‐commerce platforms of Jingdong and Taobao as examples, through online evaluation surveys, the importance of factors affecting logistics service quality and customer satisfaction under different logistics distribution models was explored and analyzed. Under JD’s selfoperated logistics distribution model, users pay the most attention to the integrity of the delivered goods, the accuracy of the delivery time, and the service attitude of the delivery personnel. The importance is ranked second, first, and third, reaching 48.36%, 50.36%, and 61.64%, respectively. Under the third‐party logistics distribution model of Taobao, the main influencing factors are the integrity of the delivered goods, the accuracy of the delivery time, the importance of outer packaging, and the importance of product integrity, reaching 37.52%, 41.1%, and 24.29 %, respectively.