bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
RELIGIOUS FUNDAMENTALISM AND HUMAN RIGHTS: THE IDEA AND MODERN PRACTICE
Authors:   Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Ukraine, Marchenko Andrii
Published: May 2023

The content of the concept of religious fundamentalism is analyzed; the peculiarities of positioning and forms of manifestation of the phenomenon of religious fundamentalism in the socio-cultural space of the modern world are considered; the specifics of the relationship and the existing fundamental contradictions between fundamentalist ideas and practices and the idea of human rights and ways to defend them are studied. It is concluded that religious fundamentalism is a complex phenomenon that has not only a purely religious nature but also socio-political essence, gives to faith an ideological character, and provides social action against cultural modernity and secular nature of power, while following religious orthodoxy. Religious fundamentalists seek to adhere strictly to the foundations of their sacred sources and texts, to defend a monopoly on the only possible point of view based on them, to follow unconditionally the letter of proposed definitions and interpretations, which is inevitably embodied in a certain doctrinal intransigence, which often contradicts modern values, which are usually associated with human rights and fundamental freedoms. Religious fundamentalism manifests itself as a worldview, an interpretation of reality based on a certain religious matrix, combined with political actions that flow from it and aimed at weakening democratic processes, against policies to promote pluralism and diversity in their interdependence. Religious fundamentalism is a divisive force that denies dialogue and democracy, asserts its view as absolute and the only possible, leads to the self-separation of religious fundamentalists from those who do not share their credo, restricts individual freedoms and human rights, and is the antithesis of them. In its most extreme forms, religious fundamentalism emerges as radicalism, which, when applied in practice, negatively affects not only the human rights situation but also the security or life of individuals and human communities.
QUESTIONS OF THE THEORY OF RELIGION IN THE WORKS OF MYROSLAV POPOVICH OF THE SOVIET PERIOD
Authors:   Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Ukraine, Sarapin Alexander
Published: May 2023

Based on the works of the Ukrainian philosopher Myroslav Popovich, dating back to the Soviet period, an analysis of some aspects of his theory of religion is proposed. In particular, the theory of religion as used by M. Popovich is subject to reconstruction, his perception of religion primarily as a special form of understanding (its analogues: "fideistic rationalism" and "religious thinking"). Special attention is paid to the development of questions of understanding of religious ideology and its correlation with science. In the context of M. Popovich's solution to the problem of the structure of religion, it is remarkable that he singled out the mythological component as the determining one. The mythological component is revealed in its essential characteristics and its semantic diversity. The subject of analysis is also the semantics of the word "paganism" and its perception by M. Popovich as a worldview system. In particular, the two methodological guidelines proposed by him in the study of Slavic paganism are considered. First, we are talking about the reconstruction of the common Slavic confessional material and its further extrapolation to the whole of Slavia. Secondly, the structuralist explanation of the essence of the Slavic myths, including the "basic myth" (the fight of the thunderer with the serpent), is stated. It is generalized that M. Popovich treated religion as a consistent rationalist. Certain innovations proposed by him in the study of religion were at odds with the guidelines of the then religious science
PHILOSOPHICAL AND LEGAL ANALYSIS THE CONCEPT OF "ACADEMIC INTEGRITY"
Authors:   National Pirogov Memorial Medical University, Vinnytsya, Ukraine, Vergeles Kostiantyn , Vishtak Inna ,   Vinnytsia National Technical University, Vinnytsya, Ukraine, Maidanevych Leonid ,   Vinnytsia Region Bar Council, Vinnytsya, Ukraine
Published: May 2023

The increase in scientific knowledge in the world requires effective methods and mechanisms to improve educational pro- cess and scientific activity, first of all, to protect the intellectual property rights of its participants. There is a problem of understanding the essence of "Academic Integrity" as a specific safety guard in the field of assessing the honesty of scientists and the reliability of the results of their research. Conduct a philosophical and legal analysis of the main characteristics of the concept of "Academic Integrity". Was used the axiological approach as a way of cognition of philosophical and legal phenomena, as well as: system analysis, pragmatic approach and structural-functional analysis in opening the role, hierarchy and functional manifestations of the phenomenon of "Academic Integrity". Provided the author's definition of the concept of "Academic Integrity": 1) a special methodological procedure that ensures the receipt of specific knowledge and information by the participants of the educational process; 2) a system of special institutional norms and criteria; 3) the process of consolidation of the scientific society through the priority of human freedom in its spiritual determination; 4) the direction of research on various aspects of such activities in the educational pro- cess; 5) academic discipline in the course of ethics. It is concluded that the principles of justice, human-centrism and phenomenon of trust should be considered the basis of "Academic Integrity". Directions for further research in the field of academic virtue are proposed.
FEATURES OF EXPLICATION OF LOVE BY REPRESENTATIVES OF THE SECOND SOPHISTIC
Authors:   Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Ukraine, Turenko Vitalii
Published: May 2023

In the article, on the basis of the problem approach, a historical-philosophical reconstruction of the understanding of love in the movement of the second sophistic is performed. Its features and contribution to the development of the implicit philosophy of love are considered. It is proved that in the movement of the second sophistic, for the first time in historical and philosophical discourse, we can see an explicit thought about love not just as a feeling, but as a huge work, which involves incredible efforts and tensions of the participants in love discourse. The thinkers of the second sophistic also emphasized the rationality of the nature of love, thus such an understanding of love significantly raises it to such a height among all other human feelings. There- fore, love, which is able to know everything around and helps a person to know the Other, is not mercantile or evaluative, but creates in the human soul responsibility for the one she loves. It is revealed that the peculiarity of the explication of love in the second sophistic is also the understanding of love as a phenomenon of power, and the discourse of love as a discourse of war and conquest. It is these sentences that largely determined the course of development of the Renaissance philosophy of love and the emergence of courtly culture. It is shown that it is this school of the history of ancient philosophy that paid great attention to understanding parental love, emphasizing not just the connection and proximity to the animal world, but revealing the timeless depth and meaning of the relationship between children and parents.
OPPOSING THE CONCEPTS OF "MYTH" AND "POLITICAL MYTH": RELIGIOUS STUDIES AND PHILOSOPHICAL VIEWPOINT
Authors:   National Pedagogical Dragomanov University, Kyiv, Ukraine, Melnychenko Anna
Published: May 2023

The article proposes a distinction between the concepts of "myth" and "political myth" based on their relationship to the problems of history and personality in it. There is considered a gap between the mythological and logocentric, as well as the positivist picture of the world, their differences regarding the individual's self-consciousness and its place in the world and history. It is determined that there is a fundamental difference between the myth in its primary form and the way it is recorded in literary or philosophical sources. The role of the will in freedom and necessity in the context of myth is shown; these concepts are opposed to the concepts of historicism. The part of sacred and materialistic history is considered, and the main differences between the archaic myth and the political one are given. The role of man and society is demonstrated, according to the political myth, in the context of modern ideologies and theories of historicism. This is opposed to the position of personality and sacred events in archaic myth. A connection is traced between the development of the concept of "ideology" and the corresponding replacement of manifestations of ancient mythological consciousness with elements of political myth. The article also demonstrates the process of human alienation, which takes place due to the influence of political mythology on society. It is concluded that the myth and the political myth have nothing in common regarding the sacred: socio-cultural and communicative functions. The idea is given that the demonization of myth through the prism of the wording "political myth" is inappropriate, because of which one should turn to the consideration of mythological consciousness at a severe religious and philosophical level to understand the possibility of returning sociocultural guidelines to a person and bringing him out of a state of alienation from the world.
The detachment mechanism of the rockslide causing the Chamoli February 7th, 2021 debris flow disaster
Authors: Poisel R. , Grasemann B.
Published: May 2023

On February 7th, 2021, a rockslide of about 20 Mio m³ detached in a height of 5600 m asl. from the northern flank of Mount Ronti (Chamoli district, Uttarakhand state, India), turned into a rock mass fall and produced a debris flow. When the rock mass hit the Ronti Gad valley after a fall height of 1800 m the rock mass mixed with melting dead ice together with snow and ice avalanche material of previous debris flows. The debris flow destroyed hydroelectric infrastructure between 10 - 20 km down the valley killing 204 people either working at or visiting the power plants. By combining remote sensing, structural geology and kinematics/mechanical analysis of the rockslide, we demonstrate that a 600 m wide and almost 800 m long block of quartzite, bordered laterally by two joints and a newly formed tension crack on the top detached from an underlying layer of biotite-rich paragneisses. Assuming full hydrostatic heads in both joints and in the tension crack as well as 75% of the full hydrostatic head in the lower boundary surface between quartzites and paragneisses, the rock block analysis yields a friction angle of 32° for both joints, which is a plausible value of the friction angle of joints in quartzites. The detachment of the block has been the result of the widening of the tension crack on top, of a progressive propagation of the lateral joints together with a catastrophic failure of the detachment plane at the border between quartzites and paragneisses. At the time of the failure, all discontinuities must have been almost completely filled with water raising the question, if the frequency of rockslides in the Himalayas is increasing as temperatures rise and permafrost is thawing due to climate change.
Hydrogeology of alpine lakes in the Northern Calcareous Alps: a comparative study on the role of groundwater in Filblingsee and Eibensee
Authors: Hilberg Sylke , Sändler Florian , Fürlinger Florian
Published: May 2023

In the Northern Calcareous Alps (NCA) there are countless small lakes with small orographic catchments that are often located only slightly below the respective summit regions. On the one hand, the lakes are located in karstable aquifers and their existence is likely to be related to karstification. Then, they are expected to be directly connected to the karst water body. These lakes are classified as karst lakes. On the other hand, the alpine environment is also influenced by glacial processes and lakes might be related to glacial erosion and deposition. For these glacial lakes, the share of groundwater inflow and outflow is regarded as subordinate even within high permeable karst lithologies. Here we compare two alpine lakes of potentially different origin in the NCA in Salzburg with the aim to provide a basis for an aerial survey of the numerous small alpine lakes in the NCA region and their characterization using the guiding parameters elaborated here. We consider (a) the lake geometry, (b) potential inflow and outflow systems, and (c) physicochemical parameters and hydrochemistry of the Filblingsee and the Eibensee, both located in the Fuschlsee region. Filblingsee was initially considered as a typical karst lake and Eibensee as a moraine-dammed glacial lake. Some clear differences arise in lake geometry, which in the karst lake shows a nearly round surface and concentric depth profile, while the glacial lake is elongated in the direction of glacier flow and has the deepest areas just upstream of the moraine dam. Both lakes show very little to no surficial inflow. Inflow and outflow occur in groundwater in both cases but are not directly tied to a highly permeable karst system. The depth profiles of the field parameters of the two lakes differ only slightly and show a dominant groundwater inflow in mid-depth regions but no flow through at the lake bottom. Water chemistry in both lakes and their potential outflows correspond to the respective aquifer in terms of solution load. Filblingsee can be characterized as a hanging lake in a secondarily sealed doline, Eibensee lies in a glacially excavated depression sealed by glacial sediments. While the inflow and outflow conditions and the hydrochemistry of both lakes are very similar, the lake geometry is a clear distinguishing feature that can be attributed to the different genesis of the two lakes. This can therefore be used as a guiding parameter for the classification of the numerous small alpine lakes in the NCA.
Pengembangan media pembelajaran vidio menggunakan vlog pada materi pelestarian lingkungan dan pembangunan berkelanjutan
Authors: Agustin Mella Eryanti , Handoyo Budi , Soelistijo Djoko
Published: May 2023

The demands of the 21st century is media literacy and utilizing technology in learning process. Technology can be used as a media to make the learning process more effective. The development of learning media using Vlogs was carried out because there was still a lack of media use during the learning process. Media Vlog on Environmental Preservation and Sustainable Development material is expected to be an innovative media product. The development research model uses the ADDIE procedure which consists of several stages, namely: Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation. This research uses quantitative and qualitative data. The process of collecting data was carried out by means of interviews, filling out questionnaires, and documentation. The data analysis have been accomplished by using descriptive analysis of percentages. Product trials were carried out in class XI IPS 1 MA Ummul Quro Glenmore. The results of the feasibility test for Vlog learning media obtained 94 percent from material validators, 94 percent from media validators, 89 percent from teacher assessments, and 86 percent from student assessments. Thus the Vlog learning media is declared very feasible and can be used as one of the media in the Geography learning process.

Tuntutan abad 21 yaitu literasi media dan memanfaatkan teknologi dalam proses pembelajaran. Tekonologi dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai media untuk menjadikan proses pembelajaran lebih efektif. Pengembangan media pembelajaran menggunakan Vlog dilakukan karena masih kurangnya pemanfaatan media pada saat proses pembelajaran berlangsung. Media Vlog pada materi Pelestarian Lingkungan dan Pembangunan Berkelanjutan, diharapkan dapat menjadi produk media yang inovatif serta menghasilkan siswa yang aktif dan berinovasi yang dapat memanfaatkan media digital dalam lingkungannya. Model penelitian pengembangan menggunakan prosedur ADDIE yang memiliki beberapa tahapan yaitu: 1) Analisis, 2) Desain, 3) Pegembangan, 4) Implementasi, dan 5) Evaluasi. Data pada penelitian ini menggunakan data kuantitatif dan kualitatif. Proses pengumpulan data melalui teknik wawancara, pengisian angket, dan dokumentasi. Analisis data dilakukan dengan menggunakan analisis deskriptif presentase. Kegiatan uji coba produk dilakukan di kelas XI IPS 1 MA Ummul Quro Glenmore. Hasil uji coba kelayakan media pembelajaran Vlog memperoleh sebesar 94 persen dari aspek materi, 94 persen dari aspek media, 89 persen dari penilaian guru, dan 86 persen dari penilaian siswa. Dengan demikian media pembelajaran Vlog tersebut dinyatakan sangat layak dan dapat dijadikan media dalam proses pembelajaran Geografi.
Pengaruh sistem aktualisasi pendidikan kepramukaan terhadap keterampilan berpikir spasial pada mata pelajaran Geografi
Authors: Anggara M. Kahfi Maulana , Purwanto Purwanto , Insani Nailul
Published: May 2023

Scouting education is used as a learning model in schools through the actualization system of scouting education to support curriculum goals. These methods can provide students with a new learning experience while also honing their spatial thinking skills. The spatial framework of thinking that is built-in scouting education with Geography subjects is what makes it suitable. The goals of this research are to: 1) understand how the scouting education actualization system is implemented in geography classes, and 2) understand how the scouting education actualization system affects spatial thinking skills in geography classes. This research uses a quasi-experimental method in the form of time series design and hypothesis testing using a paired sample t-test. The method was applied because this study used one experimental class as the same sample but had two data points that is pre-test and post-test scores. The results test of hypothesis obtained are Sig. (2-tailed) 0.000 less than 0.05, these results are relevant and can support previous studies. It can be concluded the actualization system of scouting education has an influence on spatial thinking skills in geography classes.

Pendidikan kepramukaan digunakan sebagai model pembelajaran di sekolah melalui sistem aktualisasi pendidikan kepramukaan guna menunjang tujuan kurikulum. Penggunaan metode tersebut dapat memberikan suatu pengalaman belajar baru dan mengasah keterampilan berpikir spasial siswa. Kesesuaian antara pendidikan kepramukaan dengan mata pelajaran Geografi terletak pada kerangka berpikir spasial yang dibangun. Penelitian ini bertujuan: 1) mengetahui penerapan sistem aktualisasi pendidikan kepramukaan pada mata pelajaran Geografi dan 2) mengetahui pengaruh sistem aktualisasi pendidikan kepramukaan terhadap keterampilan berpikir spasial pada mata pelajaran Geografi. Penelitian ini menggunakan eksperimen semu dengan bentuk time series design dan uji hipotesis menggunakan paired sample t-test. Metode tersebut diterapkan karena penelitian ini menggunakan satu kelas eksperimen sebagai sampel yang sama namun mempunyai dua data yakni nilai pre-test & post-test. Hasil uji hipotesis yang diperoleh adalah Sig. (2-tailed) 0,000 < 0,05, hasil tersebut relevan dan dapat mendukung penelitian sebelumnya. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa terdapat pengaruh dari sistem aktualisasi pendidikan kepramukaan terhadap keterampilan berpikir spasial pada mata pelajaran Geografi.
Model pembelajaran berbasis masalah berplatform Edmodo: Pengaruhnya terhadap kemampuan berpikir kritis siswa
Authors: Halik Habib Maulana , Rosyida Fatiya , Hartono Rudi , Purwanto Purwanto
Published: May 2023

Critical thinking skills it’s very important for students to have. These skills can be developed through the implementation of problem-based learning models using the Edmodo platform. This study aims to determine the effect of implementing the problem-based learning model using the Edmodo platform on students' critical thinking skills. This research is quasi-experimental research with a posttest only control group design. The selected subjects consisted of class XI IPS 3 as the experimental class and class XI IPS 2 as the control class. The instrument in this study was in the form of essay questions totaling five post-test questions according to the indicators of critical thinking skills. The data analysis technique in this study used an unpaired t-test (Independent Sample t-test). The results of statistical tests showed a significance of 0.03 less than 0.05. Based on this, there is an effect of the problem-based learning model with the Edmodo platform on students' critical thinking skills. This happened because the treatment was in the form of a problem-based learning model with the Edmodo platform in the experimental class.

Kemampuan berpikir kritis sangat penting dimiliki oleh siswa. Kemampuan tersebut dapat dikembangkan melalui pelaksanaan model pembelajaran berbasis masalah berplatform edmodo. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh pelaksanaan model pembelajaran berbasis masalah berplatform edmodo terhadap kemampuan berpikir kritis siswa. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian eksperimen semu dengan desain penelitian posttest only control group design. Subjek yang dipilih terdiri dari kelas XI IPS 3 sebagai kelas eksperimen dan kelas XI IPS 2 sebagai kelas kontrol. Instrumen dalam penelitian ini berupa soal essay berjumlah lima soal post-test sesuai dengan indikator kemampuan berpikir kritis. Teknik analisis data pada penelitian ini menggunakan uji-t tidak berpasangan (Independent Sample t-test). Hasil uji statistik menunjukkan signifikansi sebesar 0,03 kurang dari 0,05. Berdasarkan hal tersebut maka terdapat pengaruh model pembelajaran berbasis masalah berplatform edmodo terhadap kemampuan berpikir kritis siswa. Hal ini terjadi karena pemberian perlakuan berupa model pembelajaran berbasis masalah berplatform Edmodo pada kelas eksperimen.
Konstruksi sosial Ranggalawe creative centre dalam melestarikan kebudayaan Desa Prunggahan Wetan
Authors: Sari Eka Kartika , Sukamto Sukamto , Purnomo Agus , Ruja I Nyoman
Published: May 2023

A qualitative approach is used in this study. Data collection techniques are documentation, interviews, and observations. The analysis technique uses the Miles and Huberman interactive model. The objectives of this study include: (1) the role of the Ronggolawe Creative Center community in preserving culture, (2) describing the social construction of the Ronggolawe Creative Center. The results of the research are: (1) The role of the RCC community through the stages of protecting, exploring, socializing, and preserving culture, (2) The social construction of the RCC community in preserving culture through three stages, the first is externalization, objectification, and internalization.

Pendekatan kualitatif digunakan dalam penelitian ini. Teknik pengumpulan data yaitu dengan dokumentasi, wawancara, dan observasi. Teknik analisis menggunakan model interaktif Miles and Huberman. tujuan penelitian ini diantaranya: (1) peran komunitas Ronggolawe Creative Centre dalam melestarikan kebudayaan, (2) mendeskripsikan konstruksi sosial atas Ronggolawe Creative Centre. Hasil penelitian adalah: (1) peran komunitas RCC melalui tahap melindungi, menggali, mensosialisasikan, dan melestarikan kebudayaan, (2) konstruksi sosial komunitas RCC dalam melestarikan kebudayaan melalui tiga tahap, yang pertama eksternalisasi, objektivasi, dan internalisasi.
Model pembelajaran Science, Environment, Technology, Society (SETS) terintegrasi google earth untuk meningkatkan kemampuan memecahkan masalah siswa SMA
Authors: Khoirunnisaa’ Khoirunnisaa’ , Purwanto Purwanto , Bachri Syamsul , Handoyo Budi
Published: May 2023

The ability to solve problems as one of the fundamental skills in learning geography today. The SETS (Science, Environment, Technology, Society) learning model integrated with Google Earth makes it easier for students to use science and technological literacy as a tool to determine actions in solving problems. This study aims to determine the significance of the effect of the Google Earth integrated SETS learning model on the problem-solving ability of high school students. The research was a quasi-experimental type with the research subjects consisting of 70 students (35 students in the experimental class and 35 students in the control class). The results showed that the problem-solving ability of students in the experimental class increased significantly compared to the control class. However, Google Earth-integrated SETS learning still needs to be further understood by students. So, in its implementation, it is necessary to give detailed initial instructions to students about the stages of learning and using Google Earth.

Kemampuan memecahkan masalah sebagai salah satu keterampilan fundamental dalam pembelajaran Geografi saat ini. Model pembelajaran SETS (Science, Environment, Technology, Society) terintegrasi Google Earth mempermudah siswa dalam memanfaatkan ilmu pengetahuan dan literasi teknologi sebagai alat menentukan tindakan dalam memecahkan permasalahan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui signifikansi pengaruh model pembelajaran SETS terintegrasi Google Earth terhadap kemampuan memecahkan masalah siswa SMA. Penelitian berjenis quasy experiment dengan subyek penelitian terdiri dari 70 siswa (35 siswa kelas eksperimen dan 35 siswa kelas kontrol). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kemampuan memecahkan masalah oleh siswa pada kelas eksperimen meningkat secara signifikan dibandingkan kelas kontrol. Namun, pembelajaran SETS terintegrasi Google Earth masih perlu dipahami lebih lanjut oleh siswa. Maka, dalam pelaksanaanya perlu diberikan instruksi awal secara detail kepada siswa tentang tahapan pembelajaran dan penggunaan Google Earth.
KESULTANAN BIMA SEBAGAI BASIS ISLAMISASI DI INDONESIA TIMUR SEJAK ABAD 17 M
Authors: Laili Vita Sabrina Azda , Yuniar Arrum Intan Setya , Abrenda Lady
Published: May 2023

Islamization in Nusantara brought about many significant social life changes, one of which was the political aspect. The emergence of sultanates in the western to eastern regions of the archipelago is proof that Islam can be accepted. Bima is one Island that is not free from the influence of Islam. The Islamization process in Bima, which was initially Hindu in style, took place through political power and on the initiative of traders from Gowa-Tallo, Luwu and Bone who brought Islam, as well as advice by the role of ulama or religious leaders who used a cultural approach in the process of Islamization efforts. The method of Islamization brought many changes to Hadrat Law and Islamic Law in the Sultanate of Bima. Changes that occur in Bima that continue to experience developments there include the development of law, business, and the development literature. The various changes in terms of tradition or custom then extended to different Bima power regions. The sultanate, founded in the 17th century AD, has a strategic area so that it has a significant impact on the process of Islamization in eastern Indonesia, especially Sumbawa. Thus making the Sultanate of Bima the basis for Islamization in Eastern Indonesia since the 17th century AD. The research method used is historical research methods.Islamisasi di Nusantara membawa banyak perubahan yang signifikan dalam aspek kehidupan bermasyarakat, salah satunya yakni aspek politik. Munculnya kesultanan di wilayah barat hingga timur Nusantara menjadikan bukti bahwa Islam dapat diterima di Nusantara. Bima adalah salah satu wilayah yang tidak luput dari pengaruh Islam. Proses Islamisasi di Bima yang pada awalnya bercorak Hindu berlangsung melalui pengaruh politik dan atas prakarsa pedagang Gowa-Tallo serta Luwu dan Bone yang membawa agama Islam, juga dipengaruhi oleh peran ulama atau tokoh agama yang menggunakan pendekatan budaya sebagai usaha dalam proses Islamisasi. Proses Islamisasi ini membawa banyak perubahan pada Hukum Hadat dan Hukum Islam di Kesultanan Bima. Berbagai perubahan yang terjadi dari segi tradisi atau adat tersebut kemudian meluas ke berbagai wilayah sekitar kekuasaan Bima. Kesultanan yang berdiri pada abad 17 M, memiliki wilayah yang strategis sehingga memberikan dampak yang besar dalam proses Islamisasi di wilayah Indonesia bagian timur, khususnya Sumbawa. Sehingga menjadikan Kesultanan Bima sebagai basis Islamisasi di Indonesia Timur sejak abad 17 M. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode penelitian sejarah.
PELANGGARAN HAM PADA MASA KEPENDUDUKAN JEPANG DI INDONESIA TAHUN 1942-1945
Authors: Natasya Indah Suci
Published: May 2023

Human rights or human rights are gifts from God that are inherent in humans from birth. Human rights do not look at the differences that exist in humans. Human rights cannot be revoked by any power in this world. However, unfortunately the implementation and development of human rights in Indonesia are still experiencing ups and downs. The existence of elite power that plays human rights is one of the reasons. Although the implementation and development of human rights in Indonesia has existed since 1908. However, there are still many inhuman human rights violations that still occur in Indonesia. One of them was during the Japanese occupation in Indonesia.Hak asasi manusia atau HAM merupakan pemberian Tuhan yang sudah melekat pada diri manusia sejak lahir. HAM tidak memandang perbedaan yang ada pada diri manusia. HAM tidak dapat dicabut oleh kekuasaan apapun yang ada di dunia ini. Akan tetapi, sayangnya pelaksanaan serta perkembangan HAM di Indonesia masih mengalami pasang surut. Adanya kekuasaan elite yang turut memainkan HAM menjadi salah satu penyebabnya. Meskipun penerapan dan perkembangan HAM di Indonesia sudah ada sejak tahun 1908. Namun tetap saja berbagai pelanggaran HAM yang sangat tidak manusiawi masih banyak terjadi di Indonesia. Salah satunya pada masa kependudukan Jepang di Indonesia.
ANALISIS KARAKTER NASIONALISME DAN TOLERANSI PADA BUKU TEKS SEJARAH KELAS XI: MEMBANGUN JATI DIRI INDONESIA
Authors: Purwanto Yohanes
Published: May 2023

History learning aims to create a young generation who is educated and has a wise and wise attitude. Achieve this goal can be realized through education in schools. Textbooks become a reference in learning a subject, including history. The history textbook contains material relating to the past to its implementation in the present. History textbooks refer to the existing national education system and curriculum in Indonesia. One of the important aspects in history textbooks is the inculcation of character values that build a nation to be strong in unity, namely nationalism, and tolerance. The author aims to analyze the value content of nationalism and tolerance characters in the history textbook of class XI chapter on building Indonesian identity. The results of the research that have been analyzed indicate the inculcation of nationalism and tolerance values and in history textbooks in the material of early movement organizations and also the youth oath.Pembelajaran sejarah bertujuan untuk menciptakan generasi muda yang terdidik dan memiliki sikap yang arif dan bijaksana. Untuk mewujudkan tujuan tersebut dapat diwujudkan melalui pendidikan di sekolah. Buku teks menjadi acuan dalam pembelajaran suatu mata pelajaran termasuk sejarah. Dalam buku teks sejarah memuat materi yang berkaitan dengan masa lalu hingga implementasinya pada masa kini. Buku teks sejarah mengacu pada kurikulum dan sistem pendidikan nasional yang ada di Indonesia. Salah satu aspek penting dalam buku teks sejarah adalah adanya penanaman nilai-nilai karakter yang membangun bangsa menjadi kuat dalam persatuan yaitu nasionalisme dan toleransi. Tujuan penulis adalah untuk menganalisis muatan nilai karakter nasionalisme dan toleransi pada buku teks sejarah kelas XI bab membangun jati diri keindonesiaan. Hasil penelitian yang telah dianalisis menunjukkan adanya penanaman nilai nasionalisme dan toleransi dan pada buku teks sejarah dalam materi organisasi pergerakan awal dan juga sumpah pemuda.
Transformasi lembaga medis di Hindia Belanda: potret sejarah kesehatan di Indonesia dalam perspektif politik (1850-1942)
Authors: Kurniawan Rendy , Agustia Rahmawati
Published: May 2023

This article will portray a journey of the history of health in Indonesia in the Dutch colonialism period within an institutional perspective. The history of medical institute in the Dutch Indies period seems to be interesting to be elaborated within the spectrum of the history of health in Indonesia. This is because the fact that politics also involves to play its roles in the development of the history and dynamics of the medical institute in Indonesia which is initially pioneered by military medical organization known as Militair Geneeskundige Dienst. Then, in the following period, the medical institution in the Dutch Indies get separated into military and public healthcare which popularly known as Burgerlijk Geneeskundige Dienst. Based on these explanations, by applying four methodologies of historical research, they are; 1) Heuristics, 2)Critics, 3)Interpretation, 4) Historiography, this research is going to try to reveal a number of interesting discourses concerning the history of medical institution in the Dutch Indies Colonialism, which involve the transformation of medical institution in the Dutch Indies, policies that concerning with the healthcare and important figures in the history of health in the colonial time.Karya tulis ini akan memotret perjalanan sejarah kesehatan di Indonesia pada masa penjajahan Belanda dalam perspektif kelembagaan. Sejarah lembaga medis pada masa Hindia Belanda nampaknya cukup menarik untuk dibahas dalam spektrum sejarah kesehatan di Indonesia. Hal ini berkaitan erat dengan fakta bahwa politik juga memainkan peranan penting dalam perkembangan sejarah dan dinamika lembaga medis di Indonesia pada masa kolonial yang diawali oleh lembaga kesehatan khusus bagi militer dan dikenal dengan Militair Geneeskundige Dienst. Lalu, dalam perjalanan sejarahnya, lembaga medis pada masa Hindia Belanda terdiferensiasi menjadi lembaga medis militer dan publik atau Burgerlijk Geneeskundige Dienst. Berdasarkan hal tersebut, dengan memanfaatkan empat metodologi sejarah, yaitu; 1) Heuristik, 2) Kritik, 3) Interpretasi dan 4) Historiografi, kajian ini akan coba mengungkap beberapa hal menarik terkait sejarah lembaga medis di masa Hindia Belanda, di antaranya adalah transformasi lembaga medis, kebijakan-kebijakan yang berkaitan erat dengan diskursus kesehatan dan tokoh-tokoh penting dalam sejarah kesehatan pada masa kolonial.
Pendidikan Kristen & Pembaratan: Kajian Terhadap Pendidikan Misi Protestan di Minahasa, 1830 - 1916.
Authors: Amos Amos
Published: May 2023

The history of Christianity in Minahasa is closely related to colonialism. But colonialism not only affects the socio-political side of Minahasa society, but also the education system and schools. The history of Minahasa education is closely related to the activities of the Dutch Missionary Union or Nederlandsch Zendeling Genootschap (NZG). The implementation of educational programs, systems, and practices in Minahasa were carried out and pioneered by NZG, especially in the era of 1830 - 1918. Furthermore, we can see how Western-style education and NZG support intersect with various political dynamics in Dutch East Indies. Through historical research, this article examines the relationship between Western-style education and political dynamics of the Dutch East Indies in Minahasa society. This article offers an explanation and reflection in particular on mission education in Minahasa in relation to colonialism, the Western-style education system, the contribution of education, to the impact of education on the Minahasa community.Sejarah kekristenan di Minahasa berkelindan dengan kolonialisme. Tetapi kolonialisme bukan hanya mempengaruhi perkara sosial politik dalam masyarakat Minahasa, tetapi juga sistem pendidikan dan sekolah-sekolah yang terdapat di Minahasa. Sejarah pendidikan Minahasa begitu lekat kaitannya dengan kegiatan Serikat Misionaris Belanda atau Nederlandsch Zendeling Genootschap (NZG). Pelaksanaan program, sistem, dan praktik pendidikan yang di Minahasa banyak dilakukan dan dirintis oleh NZG, terutama dalam era 1830 - 1918. Lebih jauh lagi, NZG juga menjadi penyokong pendidikan ala Barat di Minahasa dengan menyediakan berbagai sarana hingga sumbangan pendidikan. Sehingga kita bisa melihat bagaimana pendidikan ala Barat dan dukungan NZG beririsan dengan berbagai dinamika politik Hindia Belanda. Melalui penelitian sejarah, artikel ini mengkaji relasi pendidikan ala Barat dengan dinamika politik Hindia Belanda dalam masyarakat Minahasa. Artikel ini menawarkan eksplanasi dan refleksi khususnya mengenai pendidikan misi di Minahasa dalam relasinya dengan kolonialisme, sistem pendidikan ala Barat, sumbangan pendidikan, hingga pengaruh pendidikan tersebut bagi masyarakat Minahasa.
Harga diri dan prasangka: masyarakat multikultural di Batavia abad 17 sampai 19
Authors: Hibatullah Muhammad Imam
Published: May 2023

As one of the regions with a diverse culture, Nusantara has always been the center of meeting between different cultures and has never met one another before. This paper aims to discuss and describe the conditions of society in Batavia during the VOC period to the Dutch East Indies in the 17th to the 19th centuries. The character of the people of each ethnic group in Batavia has very significant differences. This cultural diversity also formed a new culture which would later survive even after Indonesia achieved independence and until the name Batavia changed to Jakarta. In addition to the physicality of the city, the ethnic composition of the people in Batavia was also filled with cycles of the rise and fall of certain ethnic groups which in turn contributed a major influence to the formation of an urban culture.Sebagai salah satu wilayah dengan budaya yang majemuk, Nusantara selalu menjadi pusat pertemuan antara berbagai budaya yang berbeda dan belum pernah saling bertemu satu sama lain sebelumnya. Tulisan ini bertujuan untuk membahas dan memaparkan kondisi masyarakat di Batavia selama masa VOC sampai Hindia Belanda pada abad ke-17 sampai abad ke-19. Karakter masyarakat dari masing-masing etnis yang ada di Batavia mempunyai perbedaan yang sangat signifikan. Keberagaman budaya ini pula yang membentuk kebudayaan baru yang nantinya akan terus bertahan bahkan setelah Indonesia mencapai kemerdekaan dan sampai nama Batavia berubah menjadi Jakarta. Di samping fisik kota, komposisi etnis masyarakat di Batavia juga dipenuhi dengan siklus timbul-tenggelamnya kelompok etnis tertentu yang pada akhirnya menyumbangkan pengaruh besar terhadap pembentukan sebuah kebudayaan perkotaan.
Diaspora Bangsa Arab Hadrami: Pengaruh Arab-Indonesia di Jakarta 1900-2000
Authors: Ardiza Raflie Rheznandya
Published: May 2023

This article aims to explore the diaspora life of the Hadrami people, also known as Arab-Indonesians from Hadramaut who live in the Jakarta area. Hadrami people who came to the archipelago before the 18th century acculturated with the local inhabitants of the archipelago. As a form of acculturation, many of their descendants use local names rather than Arabic. While those who came after the 18th century, less to do acculturation with the local population. This article is written based on information from several journals and books that tell stories about the Hadrami people, both written during the Colonial and Indonesian periods and written by both non-Arabs and Arabs. The result of writing this article is how the Hadrami people emerged and settled, contributing to the formation of social culture, both economic and religious in Jakarta.Artikel ini bertujuan untuk mengeksplorasi tentang kehidupan diaspora masyarakat Hadrami yang disebut juga sebaga Arab-Indonesia asal Hadramaut yang tinggal di wilayah Jakarta. Kaum suku Hadrami datang ke Nusantara sebelum abad ke-18 berakulturasi dengan kaum penduduk lokal Nusantara. Sebagai bentuk dari akulturasi tersebut, banyak dari keturunan mereka yang menggunakan nama-nama lokal daripada nama Arab. Sedangkan kaum suku Hadrami yang datang setelah abad ke-18, tidak banyak yang melakukan akulturasi dengan penduduk lokal. Artikel ini ditulis Berdasarkan informasi dari beberapa jurnal dan buku yang membawakan kisah tentang kaum Hadrami, baik yang ditulis pada masa Kolonial maupun Indonesia dan baik ditulis oleh orang non-Arab maupun Arab. Hasil dari sebuah penulisan artikel ini adalah bagaimana orang-orang Hadrami muncul dan menetap, berkontibusi dalam pembentukan kebudayaan sosial baik ekonomi dan keagamaan di Jakarta.
Akar budaya korupsi Indonesia : historiografi, penyebab, dan pencegahannya
Authors: Muhtarom Herdin , Pratama Cahya Adhitya , Erlangga Gery
Published: May 2023

The dynamics of corruption in Indonesia, related to the emergence of corruption since the days of the kingdom to acts of corruption in today's life. The writing of this article is expected to be able to contribute knowledge related to the history of corruption and the social life of the Indonesian people to the legal conditions and the efforts made to eradicate corruption through preventive and repressive measures. Hopefully, the efforts made to eradicate corruption can be utilized by today's young generation in forming an honest character and being responsible for a mandate. In this study using a qualitative method with a literature study approach to examine information related to reference sources as a reference in research. In the use of history learning to reconstruct related problems in the past to examine what caused the people at that time to commit acts of corruption, so that the process of planting character education through the world of education and providing an understanding of the cultural roots of corruption in a historical review. Pola perkembangan korupsi di Indonesia menjadi salah satu akar budaya Indonesia sejak masa lalu, problematika adanya permasalahan terkait korupsi membuat permasalahan dalam struktur pemerintahan serta menurunkan perkembangan di berbagai sektor pemerintahan. Dalam penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan pendekatan studi pustaka untuk mengkaji terkait informasi dari sumber referensi sebagai rujukan dalam penelitian. Tujuan dalam penelitian ini untuk mengetahui mengetahui problematika korupsi di Indonesia serta solusi dalam melakukan pemberantasan korupsi melalui pendidikan karakter terutama di era globalisasi di kalangan generasi milenial sebagai penerus bangsa Indonesia. Hasil dalam penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa dalam pemanfaatan pembelajaran sejarah untuk merekonstruksi terkait problematika pada masa lalu untuk dikaji terkait apa penyebab masyarakat pada waktu itu melakukan perilaku tindak korupsi, sehingga proses penanaman pendidikan karakter melalui dunia pendidikan serta memberikan pemahaman mengenai akar budaya korupsi secara tinjauan historis.
Kesenjangan sosial dan diskriminasi penduduk campuran (Mestizos) di Hindia Belanda dalam kurun abad 18-19
Authors: Mahardika Moch. Dimas Galuh , Efendi Muhammad Yusuf
Published: May 2023

When the Dutch came to power in the East Indies Islands, indo-Europeans or mestizo or "anak kolong" were considered a bad image for Europeans. They were born as a result of marital relations between European men and bumiputra women. Europeans think that the mistresses (nyai) are guilty of the birth of Indo-European children. Though the combination of two cultures that enter the life of the community makes them accustomed to coexistence between the two. Classification in colonial societies made the difference even more pronounced, indo-Europeans increasingly marginalized by social gap and discrimination. Discriminatory policies that put Europeans first in terms of jobs, education, create resentment and frustration among Indo-Europeans. Those who are increasingly depressed due to the difficulty of living in the Dutch East Indies take shortcuts by committing criminal acts such as opium smuggling, theft, and prostitution. This article written with historiographical methods attempts to recount the lives of mixed-blooded populations as one of the contributions of the field of social history studies. This presentation is expected to be an alternative to historical discussions that may not be written much in the official historical narrative.Saat Belanda berkuasa di Kepulauan Hindia Timur, orang-orang Indoeropa atau mestizo atau anak kolong dianggap sebagai citra buruk bagi kalangan orang-orang Eropa. Mereka lahir akibat hubungan perkawinan/pergundikan antara lelaki Eropa dan perempuan bumiputra. Orang-orang Eropa beranggapan bahwa para gundik (nyai) bersalah atas kelahiran anak Indoeropa. Padahal perpaduan dua budaya yang masuk dalam kehidupan masyarakat membuat mereka terbiasa hidup berdampingan di antara keduanya. Klasifikasi dalam masyarakat kolonial membuat perbedaan semakin terasa, orang-orang Indoeropa semakin terpinggirkan dengan adanya kesenjangan sosial dan diskriminasi. Kebijakan diskriminatif yang mengutamakan orang-orang Eropa dalam hal pekerjaan, pendidikan, menciptakan rasa dendam dan ketidaknyamanan di kalangan orang-orang Indoeropa. Perempuan yang semakin tertekan akibat sulitnya kesempatan hidup di Hindia Belanda mengambil jalan pintas dengan melakukan tindakan kriminal seperti penyelundupan opium, pencurian, dan prostitusi. Artikel yang ditulis dengan metode historiografi ini mencoba untuk menceritakan kehidupan penduduk berdarah campuran sebagai salah satu kontribusi bidang kajian sejarah sosial. Pemaparan ini diharapkan dapat menjadi alternatif diskusi sejarah yang mungkin belum banyak ditulis di dalam narasi sejarah resmi.
Gema dan gaung Persada Studi Klub sebagai komunitas sastra di Malioboro tahun 1969-1975
Authors: Santosa Hadyan Nandana
Published: May 2023

The insights, the intellectual property of club studies is the principal purpose in writing this article. The efforts made in the search for the article were cut through historical methods. If using that method, then surely this writing intended to highlight the historical element of the travel of the precincts for club studies. Just as this was illustrated at the beginning of the discussion. Moreover, because the context of the observation focused on intellectuality in history, and with the results it was possible to make the club's basis a dual existentialism trend and the emphasis on a separate way of life to avoid the Bohemian lifestyle. Penelusuran tentang wawasan, kekayaan intelektual yang terdapat pada Persada Studi Klub merupakan tujuan utama dalam penulisan artikel ini. Upaya yang dilakukan dalam penelusuran artikel ini dibedah dengan menggunakan metode sejarah. Jika menggunakan metode tersebut, maka tentu tulisan ini bermaksud untuk menonjolkan unsur historis dari perjalanan keberadaan Persada Studi Klub. Sebagaimana hal ini tertuang dalam gambaran umum di awal pembahasan. Selain itu, karena konteks penelitiannya sengaja memilih fokus pada intelektualitas dalam sejarah, maka membuahkan hasil atas dapat dipetakan dasar pemikiran Persada Studi Klub menjadi dua bagian, yaitu kecenderungan sikap eksistensialisme dan penekanan pada cara hidup yang memiskinkan diri agar terhindar dari gaya hidup bohemia.