bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Oxidation of Benzaldehyde to Benzoic Acid with Aqueous Hydrogen Peroxide over Dodecatungstophosphoric Acid
Authors: Huang Qiu Ying , Dong Bei Bei , Zheng Xiu Cheng
Published: September 2013

Dodecatungstophosphoric acid was synthesized and used as catalyst for oxidation of benzaldehyde to benzoic acid with aqueous hydrogen peroxide. The effect of various catalytic reaction parameters including time, temperatures, and the amount of catalyst on the yield of benzoic acid was investigated in details. The results indicated that the as-prepared sample was in the keggin-type structure and the optimal parameters under the reaction conditions were as follows: 0.5 g of catalyst, reacted at 80 C for 5 h.
Absorption of CO2 from Flue Gas Using Mixed Amine Solution
Authors: Jin Mei , Zhou Li Yan , Lu Ping , Yu Guo Xian
Published: September 2013

The MDEA-PZ binary system and the MDEA-PZ-MEA/DEA/ETA/TETA ternary system were used to absorb CO2 from the simulated flue gas. The experimental results showed that the best performance of the absorption of CO2was achieved under the mass ratio of MDEA to PZ of 10/4 in the MDEA-PZ binary system. In the MDEA-PZ-MEA/DEA/ETA/TETA ternary system, due to the different molecular structure of the additives, the absorption performance of CO2 was determined as follows: MDEA-PZ-TETA>MDEA-PZ-ETA>MDEA-PZ-MEA>MDEA-PZ-DEA. In the MDEA- PZ- TETA ternary system, the better absorption performance could be reached at the volume ratio of MDEA-PZ to TETA of 1:2. Moreover, it was indicated that there was a weakly negative interaction among MDEA, PZ and TETA.
Determination of Pesticide in Soil-Water System by Solid Phase Extraction and Gas Chromatography
Authors: Wang Hong Bin , Bai Mei , Tan Wei , Gao Yun Tao , Yang Yong Jun , Yang Min
Published: September 2013

A SPE-GC-FID method was developed for the analyzing the residues of prometryne and acetochlor in soil-water system. The sample solution was made up of the standard stock solution of prometryne-acetochlor and soil-water solution with a certain proportion.purified by C18solid-phase extraction (SPE) column, and then leached by acetone. The leached was filtrated with microporous membrane (d<0.45 μm). The results showed that the standard curve was showed in the range of 1.5~30 μg/mL with a correlation coefficient of 0.9995 and 0.9980. The recoveries (n=5) were 98.9%~107.2%, with relative standard deviation ranged from 2.52% to 9.7%.The detection limits of prometryne was 0.22 μg/mL and acetochlor was 0.19 μg/mL. This method provides a dependable approach to examine and evaluate the residues of prometryne and acetochlor in the soil-water system.
Catalytic Cracking Law of Recycle Oil over Equilibrium Catalyst
Authors: Liu Yi Bin , Ding Xue , Li Wei
Published: September 2013

Catalytic cracking experiment of recycle oil was carried out in fixed fluidized bed apparatus. The effects of reaction temperature, catalyst to oil ratio and space time on product distributions were investigated. Low conversion of recycle oil was exhibited due to poor cracking performance, moreover, reaction conditions showed obvious influence on gasoline yield.
Removal of Cr(VI) from Water Using Attapulgite/Chitosan Composites
Authors: Chen Yong , Wang Shi Yu , Xu Hui
Published: September 2013

In this work attapulgite and chitosan were employed to prepare composites as eco-friendly adsorbent. Study on the adsorption efficiency of the adsorbent for Cr (VI) in aqueous solution was carried out. External factors such as the amount of attapulgite in the composites, initial concentration of Cr (VI), adsorption time and adsorbent dosage how to influence the adsorption efficiency of composites were investigated. The results showed that 0.63g adsorbent can reach maximum adsorption rate, which the mass ratio of attapulgite and chitosan is 0.8:1, the initial concentration of copper ions is 100mg / L and absorption time is 30min. Isotherm data fitted well to the Langmuir isotherm model.
Adsorption of Pb(II) on Hydroxyapatite/(Poly Vinyl Alcohol) Blend Material
Authors: Yang Hao , Wang Jian Hong , Cheng Kai Peng , Yan Meng Tian , Qiao Cong Zhen
Published: September 2013

The adsorption of Pb (II) on hydroxyapatite/(Poly Vinyl Alcohol) composite material was studied in this paper. HA/PVA was prepared firstly. The effect of initial Pb (II) concentration, composition of absorbent were investigated in batch experiments. The adsorption kinetics was calculated. The kinetics of the adsorption followed a pseudo-first order model.
Analyses on Diffusion Behaviors of Water, Na+ and Cl- through the MFI Membranes by Molecular Simulations
Authors: Li Su Ting , Hu Yang Dong , Yang Deng Feng
Published: September 2013

To investigate the diffusion of water, Na+and Cl-in the MFI membrane system (Si/Al = 191), the grand canonical Monte Carlo (GCMC) method and the followed molecular dynamics (MD) simulations were used to predict the water absorption into aluminosilicate zeolite structure under various conditions of pressure and to determine the water and ions diffusion in the MFI membrane at different concentrations. The simulation results are consistent with the experimental data reported in the literature: as the separation proceeds, the salt ions concentration increase in the MFI membrane, and the diffusion coefficient of the water and salt ions decline.
Adsorption Characteristics for Fluoride of Two Hydroxy-Aluminum Pillared Montmorillonites
Authors: Wei Shi Yong , Deng Xu Hong
Published: September 2013

Two hydroxy-aluminum pillared montmorillonites (Al-Mt-20 and Al-Mt-80) were prepared at 20°C and 80°C, respectively. The adsorption characteristics for fluoride by Al-Mt-20 and Al-Mt-80 were investigated. Results showed that the d (001) spacing of montmorillonite in Al-Mt-20 and Al-Mt-80 was 1.392 and 1.481 nm, respectively. The optimum pH value for fluoride adsorption was about 4-5. At pH 4.8, the Langmuir adsorption capacity (qmax) for fluoride of Al-Mont-20 and Al-Mont-80 was 7.12 mg/g and 9.78 mg/g, respectively. The adsorption data for fluoride by Al-Mont-20 and Al-Mont-80 could be fitted by Langmuir model (R2 =0.982-0.987), indicating that Langmuir model is suitable to fit the fluoride adsorption of Al-Mont-20 and Al-Mont-80.
Adsorption Removal of Fluoride from Aqueous Solution by Hydroxy-Iron Pillared Montmorillonite
Authors: Wei Shi Yong , Deng Xu Hong
Published: September 2013

Hydroxy-iron pillared montmorillonite (Fe-Mont) was prepared and characterized, and the fluoride adsorption capacity of Fe-Mont was investigated. Compared to pure montmorillonite (Mont), the interlayer spacing, specific surface area (SSA), surface fractal dimension and isoelectric point (IEP) of Fe-Mont increased. At pH 4.5, the Langmuir adsorption capacity (qmax) for fluoride of Mont and Fe-Mont was 4.23 and 6.92 mg/g, respectively. The adsorption data for fluoride by Fe-Mont could be fitted by Langmuir model (R2 =0.986) and also by Freundlich isotherm (R2 =0.948), and indicating that the monolayer and multilayer adsorption behaviors are simultaneously involved in the fluoride adsorption processes of Fe-Mont.
Building Drought Index Based on AMSR-E Data - A Case Study in Hilly Area of Central Sichuan Basin
Authors: Chen Qiong Lian , Xu Jing Wen , Shi Shao Wei , Li Xin , Wang Peng
Published: September 2013

Sichuan Hilly Area is selected as the study area. This paper uses ten brightness temperature AMSR-E data during 2006-2010. It constructs 8 preferred drought index by using the polarization ratio method (Polarization Rations, PR). This paper makes Pearson correlation analysis by using the 8 preferred drought index and the soil moisture of study area. Meanwhile, Linear regression and correlation analysis with the Daily precipitation and the standardized precipitation index SPI are also made. The results show: for example, in December 2009, drought index DI74, DI92, DI96 were basically consistent with the spatial distribution. Drought degree has an increasing trend from southeast to northwest regional gradually. And with the drought conditions in hilly area of actual and daily precipitation, SPI correlation between interannual and Sichuan are proper. So the drought index is more suitable for drought study in hilly area of central Sichuan Basin.
Kinetics and Equilibrium Study for Acetazolamide in Soils
Authors: Chen Jian Qiu , Wang Zhi Liang , Li Guo Ping , Guo Rui Xin , Hu Yu Zhu
Published: September 2013

Sorption of Acetazolamide was found to be impacted by clay content and soil solution pH, with higher Kd values for soils with higher clay content and higher Kd values as the pH increased. Sorption data on soils were well fitted with Freundlich model (R2> 0.98). The kinetics of adsorption of Acetazolamide has been discussed using four kinetic models, i.e., the pseudo-first-order model, the pseudo-second-order model, the Elovich equation, the intraparticle diffusion model. The pseudo-first-order model and the pseudo-second-order model were both used to describe the kinetics data, and the pseudo-second-order model could describe the sorption behavior of Acetazolamide well.
Influence of Inner Configuration of Membrane on Microfiltration of Suspensions
Authors: Bakalár Tomáš , Búgel Milan , Pavolová Henrieta , Müller Gabriel
Published: September 2013

The influence of membrane type on the permeate flux in microfiltration of two sorbents Bentonite a natural sorbent, montmorillonite based clay and Lewatit S1468 a synthetic sorbent, styrene-divinylbenzene based copolymer was studied. Two types of membranes, single-and multi-channel, both asymmetric inorganic ceramic membranes based on α-Al2O3, were used. The experimental data were obtained by continuous microfiltration equipment. According to the results use of multi-channel membrane has more advantages higher permeate flux, lower energy consumption, and lower flow rate than disadvantages longer time period to reach the steady state and higher pressure loss.
BCR Speciation Analysis of Lead in Yunnan Red Soil
Authors: Ma Jiao , Wang Zhen Feng , Gao Yun Tao , Yang Qiu Xia , Chen Jin Hua , Chen Yun Long , Xie Yun Xing
Published: September 2013

BCR three-step extraction method was used to evaluate the speciation of lead in red soil, The result showed that the percentage of bound to carbonates, bound to Fe-Mn oxldes speciation, bound to organic matter speciation and residual speciation are 31.39%, 23.75%, 22.53% and 22.26%, respectively. The bioavailability of lead in red soil was evaluated based on BCR speciation, 77.74% of total bioavailability speciation was observed.
Analysis of PFCs in Soil at Trace Levels Using UPLC/MS/MS
Authors: Tai Tuo Ya , Wang Jin Sheng
Published: September 2013

Perfluorinated compounds (PFCs) have been detected in various environmental media in the world, and it is caused widespread concern because its persistence and dangers on the environment and the organism. However, little attention has been paid to their distribution in surface soils. Soils are the main sink for PFCs. In this study, a method was developed for the analysis of nine perfluorinated compounds in surface soils, including eight perfluorinated carboxylic acids and two perfluorinated sulfonic acids. Concentrations of perfluorinated compounds were determined using UPLC/MS/MS. The result shows that PFCs are widespread occurrence in surface soils in study areas.
Research on the Variation in Soil Moisture in Arid Regions in Northern China Based on AMSR-E
Authors: Xu Jing Wen , Liu Shuang , Zhao Jun Fang , Han Jin Lun , Wang Peng
Published: September 2013

Soil moisture plays an important role in agricultural drought monitoring. However, the traditional observed soil moisture data from meteorological stations has not been able to meet the demands for large-scale drought monitoring temporally and spatially. The microwave remote sensing is a new effective way for obtaining near surface soil moisture. The temporal and spatial variation in soil moisture in arid regions in northern China is examined based on the soil moisture data retrieved from AMSR-E (Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer-EOS), with which the observed soil moisture data at 10 cm depth from meteorological stations are compared. The results show that there is a small change in soil moisture with seasons for the central and west areas, while a large change for the east areas of the study region and the soil moisture in summer and autumn is greater than that in spring and winter. And that it decreases from southeast to northwest spatially, as is agree with the spatial distribution of precipitation in the study area. Moreover, there is a great difference in spatial distribution between the soil moisture retrieved from AMSR-E and the observed soil moisture data from meteorological stations for the central and west areas, while a small difference for the east areas of the study region.
Treatment of Wastewater by Coagulation Using Phytochemical
Authors: Buaban Preeyaporn , Petiraksakul Anurak , Banlengchit Sakoraphob
Published: September 2013

The objective of this study is to compare organic and inorganic coagulants in coagulation-flocculation and sedimentation, using a jar test apparatus. Six types of coagulants, namely extract solution of moringa oleifera seed with distillation water (Moringa-H), extract solution of moringa oleifera with sodium chloride (Moringa-N), Micro-nice®bio separator A from Technogreen Limited, aluminium sulfate (alum), ferric chloride (FeCl3) and polyaluminium chloride (PAC) were investigated using three types of synthetic wastewater, kaolin suspension, soymilk solution and oily wastewater for determination of the optimum dosage and coagulation mechanism. The results indicated that PAC was able to remove turbidity of 90-94%, pH in the range of 6-7 in the kaolin suspension concentration range of 20-100 mg/L, while the Moringa-H showed turbidity removal of 66-91% which was better than Moringa-N and dry sediment using Micro-Nice®gave minimum sludge. The Micro-Nice®also showed high turbidity removal in colloid and oily wastewater. The optimum dosage of Micro-Nice®was in the range of 80-120 mg/L for colloid removal of 89-96% and COD removal of 37-73% at the colloid concentration range of 100-1000 mg/L, while 10 g/L oily wastewater showed that the optimum dosage of Micro-Nice®was 200 mg/L for turbidity removal of 99%, COD removal of 73% and oil removal of 97%.
Study on Cold Flow Properties of Typical Materials Biodiesel and its Blends
Authors: Chen Xiu , Hu Jia Min , Chen Lei , Li Sen , Li Li , Cai Ling Ling , Jin Xin , Lai Yong Bin
Published: September 2013

The chemical compositions of biodiesel are analyzed by gas chromatograph-mass spectrometer (GC-MS), and theirs molecular structure are investigated on the basis of the hybrid orbital theory. Cold filter plugging point (CFPP) of biodiesel is studied by CFPP tester, the solution crystallization theory and the similarity-intermiscibility principle. Good correlation models are proposed for prediction biodiesel CFPP by chemical compositions and CFPP of biodiesel-petrodiesel blends by biodiesel ratio. The study shows that biodiesel is mainly composed of SFAME (C14:0C24:0) and UFAME (C16:1C22:1, C18:2and C18:3). Carbon atoms of the alkyl for SFAME arrange in a zigzag pattern by CCC=109.5°. C-C carbon atoms of the alkyl arrange in a zigzag pattern by CCC=109.5°, too, carbon chain is curved by C=C in CCC=122.0°, and curved degree increases with increasing unsaturated degree. CFPP of biodiesel is mainly determined by chemical compositions. CFPP increases with the amount and carbon chain length of SFAME. CFPP of biodiesel-petrodiesel blends is mainly determined by chemical compositions and ratio of biodiesel. To lower SFAMEC20biodiesel, such as PME, CSME, WME, SBME and RME, it blending with-10PD can formed a eutectic mixture. CFPP of the eutectic mixture is-12 °C. The biodiesel ratio for the lowest CFPP rang increases with decreasing SFAME. Such as, SFAME contents in PME, CSME, WME, SBME and RME are 35.86, 32.12, 31.04, 18.29 and 14.69 w% respectively, and the range of biodiesel ratio is 520, 1020, 2030, 3050 and 4060 v% respectively. To higher SFAMEC20biodiesel, such as PNME, CFPP increases with PNME ratio.
Neural Network Simulation for Mass Transfer Coefficient of Alcohol/Ether Fuel Direct Synthesis
Authors: Chen Qing Chun , Chen Zhen
Published: September 2013

The gas-liquid volumetric mass transfer coefficient was determined by the dynamic oxygen absorption technique using a polarographic dissolved oxygen probe and the gas-liquid interfacial area was measured using dual-tip conductivity probes in a bubble column slurry reactor. Feed-forward back propagation neural network models were employed to predict the gas-liquid volumetric mass transfer coefficient and liquid-side mass transfer coefficient for Alcohol/Ether fuel direct synthesis system in a commercial-scale bubble column slurry reactor. And the effects of various axial locations, superficial gas velocity and solid concentration on the gas-liquid volumetric mass transfer coefficient kLaL and liquid-side mass transfer coefficient kL were discussed in detail in the range of operating variables investigated.
A Kinetic Study of Co-Pyrolysis of Coal and Spent Mushroom Compost (SMC)
Authors: Wu Zhi Qiang , Wang Shu Zhong , Guo Qi Xing , Zhao Jun , Chen Lin , Meng Hai Yu
Published: September 2013

Co-utilization of coal and biomass has been shown as an effective way to reduce the carbon footprint. Pyrolysis technology not only transform carbonaceous materials such as coal and biomass into various chemical compounds and fuels, but also as the initial step of the thermochemical conversation. For the sake of a better understanding of the co-thermal conversation, it is very necessary to get a intensive study on the co-pyrolysis of coal and biomass. In this paper the co-pyrolysis characteristics of coal and spent mushroom compost (SMC) were investigated through an thermogravimetry analyzer from ambient temperature to 950 °C at different heating rates (10, 20 and 40 °C/min) under nitrogen condition. Kinetic parameters were determined by the by the Flynn-Wall-Ozawa (FWO) method. It was found that the activation energy decreased with the increasing of the biomass mass ratio, but with the biomass ratio reached 0.75 the activation energy increased again. This may be involved with the negative synergies between the biomass and coal. The results could provide useful information for the further study on the co-pyrolysis of coal and MSC.
Performance Analysis of Supercritical Organic Rankine Cycles
Authors: Gao Jian Qiang , Sun Xin , Xue Nan Nan , Xing Hai Kun
Published: September 2013

Supercritical Rankine cycles using organic fluids as working fluids in converting low-grade energy to high-grade power energy are investigated in the study. The main purpose is to identify suitable working fluids which may yield high system efficiencies in a supercritical Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) system. R123, R134a, R152a, R22, and R245fa are used for the research. Results show that: at a constant superheating of expansion outlet, system efficiency improves with the increasing of evaporation pressure for all the working fluids and supercritical ORC has a higher efficiency than sub-ORC process. Furthermore, R152a performs the best compared with other refrigerants and is suitable for SORC system.
The Prediction Model and Application for Net Calorific Value of Biomass Power Plant Fuel
Authors: Zhang Hong Liang , Fu Dian Zhen , Zhang Pan , Li Wei
Published: September 2013

A quantitative multivariate linear regression equation is established with the net calorific value of woody biomass fuel as the dependent variable and proximate analysis indexes as the independent variables. The prediction effect of the regression model is evaluated by the error analysis method. Results show that within the variable application ranges, the prediction error of the multiple linear regression model developed is small, and it could provide basis and reference for the calorific value prediction of woody biomass.
Simulation of Biomass-to-SNG Process via Pressurized Interconnected Fluidized Beds
Authors: Feng Fei , Song Guo Hui , Shen Lai Hong
Published: September 2013

Biomass-to-SNG technology is one of the most important applications of biomass energy. The simulating model of the SNG production via interconnected fluidized beds was established and the biomass-to-SNG process was simulated. The effects of the operating conditions of the gasifier, like the gasification pressure, gasification temperature and the steam to biomass ratio (S/B), on the composition of crude methane gas were studied. The simulating results showed that there was an optimum gasification temperature and pressure for the highest methane content in the crude methane gas, while S/B had adverse effects on it. To achieve higher methane content, the suitable gasification temperature is about 750 °C, S/B is about 0.4, and the gasification pressure may be not too high.
Study on Bio-Fuels Drop Acid by [BSPy]HSO4 Catalytic Esterification
Authors: Zhang Ai Hua , Xiao Zhi Hong , Zhang Liang Bo , Liu Ru Kuan , Zhong Wu Hong , Li Chang Zhu
Published: September 2013

Research on the synthesis of BrOnsted acidic ionic liquid by the method of solvent, the pyrolysis bio-fuel with cornus wisoniana oil drop acid esterification reaction, the catalyst dosage, reaction time and reaction temperature on the effects of the acid dropping and in the best optimization under the condition of the stability of the catalyst were investigated. The experimental results show that [BSPHSO4 with high catalytic activity, optimization of process conditions as follows: 1.2% of catalyst, reaction temperature 75 °C, reaction time of 70 min, acid value reduced to 2.0 mg KOH/g. By optimizing the cycle experiment, the stability of the catalyst performance is good, the catalytic activity is relatively stable.
Evaluation of the Potential of Chlorella sp. for Biodiesel Production
Authors: Sitthithanaboon Weena , Praiboon Jantana , Punsuvon Vittaya
Published: September 2013

The type and amount of lipid produced by microalgae directly influence the quality of the achived biodiesel. This study is to report the properties of extracted lipid profile analysis of marine microalgae species Chlorella sp. The extracted lipid is further converted to methyl esters or biodiesel by acid-catalyzed transesterification. Scanning electron microscope (SEM), Gas chromatography (GC) and Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) are analytical instruments for evaluation the potential of microalgae lipid in biodiesel production. The result showed that our marine microalgae was confirmed as interesting candidate for biodiesel application due to its high lipid content, high biodiesel yield, high cetane (CN) number, low iodine value (IV) and FT-IR spectrum close to crude palm oil and crude palm oil biodiesel.
Bis (2,2-Dinitroethyl-N-Nitro)Ethylenediamine-Based Energetic Salts and their Thermolysis Studies
Authors: Song Jin Hong , Zhou Zhi Ming , Wang Shu Bo
Published: September 2013

New energetic bis (2,2-dinitroethyl-N-nitro) ethylenediamine-based salts exhibiting reasonable physical properties, good detonation properties and relatively low impact sensitivities were synthesized in high yield by direct neutralization reactions. The thermal decomposition behavior of two new bis (2,2-dinitroethyl-N-nitro) ethylenediamine-based energetic salts was firstly measured using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) at six different heating rates. The thermal decomposition kinetics and several thermodynamic parameters of the salts, such as apparent activation energy (E), pre-exponential factor (A), extrapolated onset temperature (T0), activation entropy (∆S≠), activation enthalpy (∆H≠), activation Gibbs free energy (∆G≠), critical temperature of thermal explosion (Tb) and the Arrhenius equations were obtained under non-isothermal conditions by DSC.
Exergy Analysis of Thermodynamic System of Power Plant Based on Structural Theory
Authors: Han Zhong He , Wang Ji Xuan , Liu Xiao Zhen , Bai Ya Kai , Wang Ying Ying
Published: September 2013

An energy model was developed based on the fuel-product concept. The matrix equation for exergy balance of regenerative system was established, and the mathematical model for exergy analysis of thermal system was structured. Exergy losses, exergy loss rate, exergy loss coefficient and exergy efficiency of the main components of a domestic N600-24.2/566/566 power plant were calculated based on this model. The results showed that the exergy efficiency of high pressure heaters are higher than that of low pressure heaters; the exergy efficiency of grade group of the intermediate pressure turbine are higher than the grade group of high pressure turbine and low pressure turbine. The exergy efficiency of the last grade group of low pressure turbine is the lowest. The exergy efficiency of the governing stage and the last grade group of low pressure turbine are 82.999% and 85.911%; the coefficient of exergy loss is maximum in the boiler (39.204%); the exergy effciency of superheater and reheater are 51.52% and 51.7%. Therefore, superheater and reheater have the largest energy conservation potential. Governing stage and low pressure turbine have more energy conservation potential.
Ethylenediamine Catalyzed Decarboxylation of Oxaloacetic Acid: A DFT Investigation
Authors: Song Ming Zhi , Zhang Zai Long , Fan Chuan Gang , Li Da Zhi , Zhang Shi Guo
Published: September 2013

The decarboxylation mechanism of oxaloacetic acid aided with ethylenediamine or without any catalyst is investigated employing Density Functional Theory (DFT). DFT calculations for both the gas phase and in water solution indicate a stepwise mechanism for each of the steps of the reactions. In the catalyzed mechanism, the dehydration of carbinolamine (IM1) is via a seven-membered ring transition structure (TS5), which is consistent with the structure proposed by Thalji, et al. The decarboxylation of the imine (IM6) is the rate determining step with an energy barrier of 16.46 kcal/mol, lower than the reaction without any catalysts or catalyzed with ions.
Energy Integration of Air Separation System Utilizing LNG Cryogenic Energy Based on Gradual Energy Integration and Optimization Strategy
Authors: Wu Xian Li , Wu Lian Ying , Wang Kai , Hu Yang Dong
Published: September 2013

Applying gradual energy integration and optimization strategy, the energy utilization system of the air separation system utilizing LNG cryogenic energy is optimized. By analyzing the original process T-H diagram, reducing the pressure of N2 compression cycle will be a more reasonable way to use the LNG cold energy, and decrease the system power consumption. Due to N2 liquefaction temperature falling under the LNG gasification temperature when N2 compression pressure is decreased from 4.0 MPa to 3.0 MPa, a new LNG cold energy utilization method is proposed. Firstly, LNG is throttled to 0.12 MPa, gasification, and then re-compressed to 0.3 MPa. By adjusting the amount of N2 in compression cycle and LNG, hot and cold streams achieved a complete match. The heat transfer temperature difference is significantly reduced. Two basic parallel composite curves are constructed, and the energy is reasonable utilized. After improvement, the power consumption is reduced 44.6 kW, which prove this energy integration is effective.
Financial Support for Low-Carbon Development of the Energy Industry
Authors: Cao Yong Li , Zhang Lu Ping , Li Yi
Published: September 2013

Fund is one of the key elements for Energy Industry to make a development aiming at low-carbon emission. This paper analyzes the connotation of low-carbon emission for Energy Industry and principles of financial support for the Energy Industry of low-carbon development, pointing out the short-coming of the current financial support for the development of China 's Energy Industry to achieve low carbon emission, and recommending the ways to enhance the current financial support such as financing, financial innovation, and cooperation of banking enterprises, etc.
Study on the Cooperation Mechanism among Supply Network Enterprises in Low Carbon Economy
Authors: Liu Rong Juan , Zhao Dao Zhi
Published: September 2013

China's greenhouse gas emission is very critical, how to develop a low-carbon economy, build a resource-saved and environment-friendly society become the key problems. This paper study on the key issues which influence the low carbon economy, explore new cooperation mechanisms among network enterprises, and construct a green economic develop model.
Electrochemical Reduction of Carbon Dioxide in 1-Ethyl-3-Methylimidazolium BF4/Methanol Electrolyte
Authors: Shi Jin , Jia You Jian , Shi Feng , Wang Xiao Chun
Published: September 2013

Carbon dioxide (CO2) can be electrochemically reduced to useful products under mild condition. In recent years, increased attempts have been devoted to use ionic liquid (IL) as the solvents, electrolytes and catalysts for CO2 reduction. However, owing to the high viscosity of ILs, CO2 diffusion in ILs is restrained, lead to low current density of CO2 reduction. To overcome this problem, in present work, we used methanol as the organic solvent to dilute 1-Ethyl-3-Methylimidazolium BF4 ([EmiBF4), an commonly used IL in electrochemistry, the obtained [BmiBF4/methanol solution have many unique properties, such as low viscosity, high ionic conductivity, high CO2 solubility and low cost. The current density of CO2 reduction reached 14.2 mA/cm2 at-1.95V (vs SCE) on Ag electrode. Electrochemical reduction of CO2 in [BmiBF4/methanol solution provides a hopeful technique for CO2 recycling utilization and renewable electrical energy storage.
Test and Application of Desulfurization Catalyst
Authors: Liu Hong Lei , Wang Zhi Qi , Zhang Lei
Published: September 2013

Explains the principle and reaction mechanism of desulfurization catalyst. Introduces the test applying desulfurization catalyst in WFGD (wet flue gas desulfurization) system of 320MW generating units operating in thermal power plant. Desulfurization efficiency is improved significantly by using desulfurization catalyst of 100 μ g/g to 600 μ g/g concentrations. To save electricity, stopping the top level slurry pump is the priority.
Analysis of the Causes of High Calcium Carbonate Content in Coal-Fired Power Plant Desulfurization Gypsum
Authors: Zhang Xue Ying , Zhou Xiao Xiang , Dong Xue Feng
Published: September 2013

In this paper, the problem of high calcium carbonate content of desulfurization gypsum using limestone - gypsum wet desulphurization technology in coal-fired power plants questions, recommendations in running process from the control of absorption tower pH, lime stone powder, lime powder fineness activity to solve the above problems.
Degradation Rules of Glycan in Reed Ethanol/Water Cooking Process
Authors: Fan Rui Xia , Ping Qing Wei , Zhang Jian , Shi Hai Qiang
Published: September 2013

The degradation rules of glycan in reed ethanol/water cooking process were studied. The degradation rules of polydextrose and polyxylose were obtained in the cooking process by means of ion chromatography determination of glucose and xylose in the reed ethanol pulp content under different holding time. Results showed that cellulose (polydextrose) removal rate obviously was divided into two stages, rapid removal stage at the holding time of 0-90min and slow removal stage at the holding time of 90-210min; hemicellulose (xylan) removal rate was also divided into two stages, slow removal stage at the holding time of 0-60 min and rapid removal stage at the holding time from 60min until the end; meanwhile the change rules of lignin and ash content were achieved.
Reed Three-Stage Counter-Current Batch Cooking with Ethanol-Water
Authors: Hu Huan , Ping Qing Wei , Zhang Jian , Li Na
Published: September 2013

This article studied the pulp contrast of reed three-stage counter-current cooking and single-stage cooking, meanwhile analyzed the regulation of the yield , the hardness of pulps and the properties of the waste liquor from each cooking stage of reed three-stage counter-current batch cooking with ethanol-water process. The SEM and IR-FT were employed to gain more understanding on the change of lignin on fiber surface and the structural change of lignin separated from waste liquor of each stage. The results show that single-stage cooking need to keep 190°C for 4.0 hours to get the best results, while the three-stage counter-current cooking need 1.5 hours more, but the highest temperature fallen by 20°C and the screened pulp yield increased by 3.9%, also the Kappa number decreased by 11. In the process of reed three-stage counter-current batch cooking with ethanol-water, the degradation and removal of lignin and glycan occurs mainly in the first stage. After the first stage cooking, most fibroblasts did not reach the fiber separation point and the screened pulp yield is only 38.7%. After the second and third stage cooking, the fiber separation became better ,the screened pulp yield increased to 49.72% and the Kappa number decreased to 25.6 . As the analysis of the results from the each-stages lignin by IR-FT, the structure of lignin had no significant difference .
Study on Ozone Modification of Poplar CMP
Authors: Han Ying , Chen Chang Yu , Fan Ting Ting , Sun Guang Wei , Zhou Jing Hui
Published: September 2013

Long fiber component of poplar CMP is modified by ozone to improve the paper physical performance in this paper. The condition of modification is studied by the orthogonal test method. The results show that the optimum conditions are: 2.5% ozone, pH 4,consistency 0.5%. The softness, length, swelling properties and hydrophilcity of long fibers are improved after modification. The crystallinity of fiber is improved and the lignin content is reduced. The better performance in tear index and tensile index was attained compared with unmodified CMP holo-pulp to some extent: tensile index increased from 35.8N·m·g-1to 44.6N·m·g-1, tear index increased from 4.58 mN·m2·g-1to 8.16 mN·m2·g-1, brightness had a slightly increase.
Deacidification of Paper Using Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Containing Calcium Propionate or Magnesium Bicarbonate
Authors: Tan Wei , Cheng Li Fen , Fang Yan Xiong
Published: September 2013

Supercritical carbon dioxide (SCCO2) containing calcium propionate or magnesium bicarbonate was used to deacidify paper. In the experiment, to compare the effects of SCCO2 technology deacidification and immersion deacidification, two kinds of paper samples were chosen to do these two kinds of deaciditication tests respectively. And pH, alkali reserve and mechanical properties of paper samples were measured before and after these treatments. The experiments showed that the pH and alkaline reserve of paper samples treated with SCCO2 were nearly similar to that of immersion treatments. Otherwise, compared with immersion deacidification, supercritical carbon dioxide had some advantages of strengthening the mechanical properties of paper and shortening treatment time.
Preparation and Properties of Straw Pulp Fiber/Magnetic Nano-Composites
Authors: Liu Quan Xiao , Yin Yan Na , Lyu Yu Bin
Published: September 2013

Effects of ultrasonic treatment on water-retention value of straw pulp fibers were discussed and the ultrasonic treatment conditions were optimized. The best conditions of ultrasonic treatment as follows: ultrasonic power is 400W, processing time is 90min and temperature is 40°C. SEM shows that a large number of magnetic particles were left inside the pulp fiber cells. Automated Surface Area & Pore Size Analyzer shows a good superparamagnetic behavior.
The Accelerating Mechanism of Octyl Hexyl Dimethyl Ammonium Bromide
Authors: Zhou Jian Feng , Qu Li Yuan , Si Yu Kun , Zhong Ling , Zhang Feng Xiu , Zhang Guang Xian
Published: September 2013

As a small molecule and cationic accelerating agent, octyl hexyl dimethyl ammonium bromide (OHDMAB) is a very effective accelerator in dyeing silk with reactive dyes. In this paper the accelerant mechanism of OHDMAB was studied. The results showed that OHDMAB can promote the aggregating of dye molecules in aqueous solution efficiently. With the change of the temperature, the concentration of accelerating agent, the aggregation of dye molecules varies to some extent. As a result, the maximum absorption wavelength of dye, the particle size of dye in aqueous solution, and the surface potential are changing regularly. OHDMAB can make the surface voltage of silk positive easily, this maybe the most important factor of the mechanism of the OHDMAB accelerant.
The Interaction between Reactive Dye and Octyl Trimethyl Ammonium Chloride
Authors: Si Yu Kun , Zhou Jian Feng , Qu Li Yuan , Zhong Ling , Zhang Feng Xiu , Zhang Guang Xian
Published: September 2013

Octyl trimethyl ammonium chloride (OTMAC) is a very efficient accelerant for reactive dyes on dyeing silk. In order to understand the accelerating mechanism, the interaction between dye molecules and OTMAC molecule was studied in this paper. The results showed that the DTMAC made the dye molecules assembled and the particle size of dye assemblages could reach to more than 500nm. The assembling of dye molecules leads to increase of the maximum absorption wavelength of dye. The higher the temperature is, the weaker the interaction between dye molecule and accelerant.
Synthesis of 2-Pyridyl Tribromomethyl Sulfone
Authors: Zhang Zhen Ming , Li Run Lai , Li Shuan , Liu Pei , Song Kai Kai
Published: September 2013

Polyethylene glycol-400 was used as phase transfer catalyst in reaction of dichloropyridine and sodium thiomethoxide to form 2-methylthiopyridine with a yield of 97.8%. Then 2-methylthiopyridine and sodium hypochlorite were added respectively to oxidize and bromize it to synthesis 2-Pyridyl tribromomethyl sulfone, with the purity of 99.6% and yield of 93.3%. Mass ratio of dichloropyridine versus polyethylene glycol-400 is 1:0.18, and molar ratio of dichloropyridine versus sodium thiomethoxide is 1:1.2. The optimum conditions to prepare sodium hypochlorite are a temperature at-5 to 0 °C, a molar ratio of bromine versus sodium hydroxide being 1:4. Proved optimum conditions to synthesis 2-pyridyl tribromomethyl sulfone are a temperature at (80±1)°C, reaction time for 5 hours and the molar ratio of 2-methylthiopyridine versus bromine being 1:6.58. Probable mechanism of synthetizing 2-methylthiopyridine was speculated, properties with structure of resultant substances were characterized by melting point apparatus, IR spectra and magnetic resonance spectrum.
Research on Enzyme Pretreatment of Polylactic Acid/Cotton Blended Fabric under Ultrasonic Wave
Authors: Fu Zhong Jun , Huang Hao Fei , Yu Lu Shan , Wang Hong
Published: September 2013

In this paper, the application of the ultrasonic technology to the enzyme desizing pretreatment of polylactic acid (PLA) fiber was studied, and the different effect of such technology and traditional treatment on the PLA properties was also discussed. The results showed that, with the aid of the ultrasonic wave, the mass decrease rate and the whiteness of fiber increased 15% and 25% respectively, while the tear strength decreased nearly 6% after the enzyme pretreatment. Besides, the time of ultrasonic pretreatment also decreased 20% compared with traditional process. The optimal enzyme desizing conditions and fomula were accomplished, the concentration of H2O2 and refining agent should be 6 mL/L and 4 g/L, the recommended enzyme concentration was 5 g/L.
Cellulose Fibers Modified with Starch-Based Microcapsules for Green Packaging
Authors: Pan Yuan Feng , Xiao Hui Ning , Xu Ji Xiao , Zhao Yi
Published: September 2013

In this work, the innovative starch microcapsules enclosed with hydrophobic carnauba wax were developed, which were applied to the modification of cellulose fibers, thus increasing the water resistance of paper by reducing water vapor transmission rate (WVTR). Carnauba wax being encapsulated by crosslinking starch was confirmed by thermogravimetric analysis. The sizes of carnauba wax-starch microcapsules depended on the weight ratio (R) of starch to carnauba wax and concentration of crosslinker. The best performance on water vapor barrier of the paper was achieved by the fibers treated with the microcapsules of larger size. The lowest WVTR was given by the handsheet treated by wet-end addition with carnauba wax-starch microcapsules at Rstarch/ carnaubawax=5%, and Rcrosslinker/ carnauba wax=50%, and had a value of 348 g/m2day, a 70% drop from untreated original paper which has a WVTR value of 1176 g/m2day.
The Numerical Simulation Research on Heat Exchanging Enhancement and Structural Optimization of the Flue Gas Heat Transfer of Mixed Arrangement Irregular Heat-Pipe
Authors: Qing De Fan , Yan Deng Qiang
Published: September 2013

The mixed arrangement irregular heat-pipe flue gas heat transfer was researched, using numerical simulation method. The irregular heat-pipe: triangle heat pipe; square heat pipe. The heat pipe equivalent diameter of flue gas heat transfer is 20 mm, the speed of inlet flue gas is 11 m/s, the inlet temperature of flue gas is 500 K. the results show mixed arrangement irregular heat-pipe can enhance heat exchanging, the optimal parameters of mixed arrangement structure in the condition of given working condition: the first row is triangle heat pipe, the second row is circular heat pipe, the third row is triangle heat pipe, row 4 is square heat pipe, the line spacing of the first row and second is 40 mm, the line spacing of the second and third row is 40 mm, the line spacing of the third row and the fourth row is 35 mm, and the row spacing of the tube is 40 mm. the heat transfer efficiency of the optimized irregular heat-pipe-exchanger raised 40 ~ 60%.
The Research of the Ground-Source Heat Pump Air Conditioning System Applied in Large Scale Gymnasium in Hot Summer and Warm Winter Zone
Authors: Hu Ying Ning , Wei Ji Long , Lin Jun
Published: September 2013

The paper is on research of the operating characteristic of the ground source heat pump air conditioning system that applied in large scale gymnasium in hot summer and warm winter zones, combining with operating characteristic of the real application of the GX autonomous region's gymnasium project. Utilizing the SPSS software aiding the Multivariate nonlinear Regression analysis, via MATLAB's optimization methods for optimizing and stimulating to obtain the most economic, practical and reliable mode and the optimal system parameter. The purpose of this research lies in making it available for the system to exert its best working condition and providing reference for real project design.
Synthesis of LC Intermediate Containing Trimethyl Silyl Acetylene Group
Authors: Miao Zong Cheng , Wang Yi Wei , Li Yuan Yuan , Zhang Lei , Zhang Xin , Wang Zhi Xue
Published: September 2013

In order to obtain the important liquid crystal intermediate with trifluoromethyl substitutent, Sonogashira coupling reaction was used to synthesize the compound. In this paper, the intermediate was synthesized by 4'-Iodo-4-pentyl-biphenyl and trimethyl silyl acetylene (TMSA) as raw materials. During the synthesis, the optimum reaction conditions were obtained, that the mol ratio of 4'-Iodo-4-pentyl-biphenyl and trimethyl silyl acetylene is 1:2, the reaction temperature is 30 oC, and the reaction time is 10 h.
Effects of Bubble Dynamic Characteristics on Flow Field in Venturi
Authors: Li Xiao Lei , Qin Chang Jian , Zhang Hui Сhen
Published: September 2013

Based on the Rayleigh-Plesset-Keller-Kolodner equation, the dynamics of single bubble is calculated regarding water as work medium in the conditions of different ratio of inlet pressure and outlet pressure. The flow field in venturi is simulated by fluid dynamics. The results show that the velocity in throat location and maximum cavitation volume fraction increase with ratio of inlet pressure and outlet pressure increasing. The area of cavitation extends. The pressure in throat location reduces and then become stable. The maximum growth rate of single bubble and pressure pulse in bubble increase significantly. The recurrence times of growth and collapsing increases. The influence of single bubble dynamics on the distribution of the whole flow field depends on the turbulence intensity. The more severe the turbulence in venture, the less the effect of single bubble on the whole flow field.
A New Method for the Biomimetic Synthesis of 2-Hydroxy-3-Amino-1,4-Naphthoquinone
Authors: Liu Rui , Li Hong , Ma Wen Yan
Published: September 2013

Methodology has been sought towards 1,4-naphthoquinone bearing amino group and hydroxyl group in the quinonoid ring. In the first of these objectives, 2-Hydroxy-3-nitro-1,4-naphthoquinone was synthesized by two kinds of improved method giving moderate yield. Then treatment of 2-hydroxy-3-nitro-1,4-naphthoquinone with stannous chloride in aqueous medium afforded 2-hydroxy-3-amino-1,4-naphthoquinone. The chemical structure of the product obtained by the process of the present study was verified by IR and NMR.
Experiment Study on the Scaling of Gas Wells in Songnan Gas Field
Authors: Zhang Ding Yong , Liu Xiao Jie , Ma Tao , Qin Guo Shun , Li Wei
Published: September 2013

Gas field scaling is an important factor affecting the normal production of the gas wells. Scaling problems have been come into being in many production wells of Songnan gas field. The paper carried on experimental study and reason analysis on the scaling problem of Songnan gas field. The result shows that the fouling is mainly composed of calcium carbonate. The mainly reasons for the scaling are the incompatibility between Cacl2 killing fluid and formation water as well as the pressure reduction around the wells.
Adsorption Behavior and Corrosion Inhibition of S-benzyl-O,O'-dibenzyldithiophosphate for Carbon Steel in Hydrochloric Acid Solution
Authors: Lu Yan , Zhu Sha Sha , Xie Bin , Lai Chuan , Yang Qin Huan , He Lin Xin , Li Yu Long , Zou Li Ke
Published: September 2013

The corrosion inhibition of S-benzyl-O,O'-dibenzyldithiophosphate (BBP) for carbon steel in hydrochloric acid solution was studied by electrochemical measurements and weight loss measurements. Polarization curves indicate BBP is a mixed-type inhibitor, and the effects of temperature, hydrochloric acid concentration and immersion time were also studied. The studies of weight loss measurement show that the inhibition efficiency was up to 97.39 % at the BBP concentration of 60 mg·L-1 in 1.0 M hydrochloric acid solution at 30°C. The adsorption of BBP on carbon steel surface obeys the Langmuir isotherm.
Synthesis and Hydrodesulfurization Performance of NiMo Sulfide Catalysts Supported on γ-Al2O3
Authors: Zhang Jing Cheng , Yu Hai Bin , Nan Jun , Geng Shan , Li Xiao Guo , Qu Xiao Long , Shi Yu Lin , Zhang Yu Ting , Liu Hong Guang
Published: September 2013

This work presents the synthesis and hydrodesulfurization performance of NiMo sulfide catalysts supported on γ-Al2O3 during the hydrodesulfurization (HDS) of dibenzothiophene (DBT). The catalysts were synthesized by the co-impregnation method using an atomic ratio of Ni=Ni/(Ni+Mo)=0.5. The materials were characterized by N2 physisorption, XRD and HRTEM. This catalyst exhibited the larger pore size and high specific surface area, as well as better morphological properties. The catalytic activity was evaluated using a high-pressure batch reactor at 280 °C and 3.0 MPa. The catalytic activity during HDS-DBT indicated that the NiMoS/γ-Al2O3 catalyst was better than that NiMoS/γ-Al2O3 catalyst. the NiMoS/γ-Al2O3 catalyst exhibits higher DDS selectivity (3.0) than NiMo/γ-Al2O3 catalyst (2.55).