bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
B. subtilis MutS2 splits stalled ribosomes into subunits without mRNA cleavage
Authors: Park Esther N , Mackens-Kiani Timur , Berhane Rebekah , Esser Hanna , Erdenebat Chimeg , Burroughs A Maxwell , Berninghausen Otto , Aravind L , Beckmann Roland , Green Rachel , Buskirk Allen R
Published: December 2023

Stalled ribosomes are rescued by pathways that recycle the ribosome and target the nascent polypeptide for degradation. In E. coli, these pathways are triggered by ribosome collisions through the recruitment of SmrB, a nuclease that cleaves the mRNA. In B. subtilis, the related protein MutS2 was recently implicated in ribosome rescue. Here we show that MutS2 is recruited to collisions by its SMR and KOW domains, and we reveal the interaction of these domains with collided ribosomes by cryo-EM. Using a combination of in vivo and in vitro approaches, we show that MutS2 uses its ABC ATPase activity to split ribosomes, targeting the nascent peptide for degradation through the ribosome quality control pathway. However, unlike SmrB, which cleaves mRNA in E. coli, we see no evidence that MutS2 mediates mRNA cleavage or promotes ribosome rescue by tmRNA. These findings clarify the biochemical and cellular roles of MutS2 in ribosome rescue in B. subtilis and raise questions about how these pathways function differently in diverse bacteria.
Molecular mechanism of allosteric activation of the CRISPR ribonuclease Csm6 by cyclic tetra-adenylate
Authors: Du Liyang , Zhu Qinwei , Lin Zhonghui
Published: December 2023

Type III CRISPR systems are innate immune systems found in bacteria and archaea, which produce cyclic oligoadenylate (cOA) second messengers in response to viral infections. In these systems, Csm6 proteins serve as ancillary nucleases that degrade single-stranded RNA (ssRNA) upon activation by cOA. In addition, Csm6 proteins also possess cOA-degrading activity as an intrinsic off-switch to avoid degradation of host RNA and DNA that would eventually lead to cell dormancy or cell death. Here, we present the crystal structures of Thermus thermophilus (Tt) Csm6 alone, and in complex with cyclic tetra-adenylate (cA4) in both pre- and post-cleavage states. These structures establish the molecular basis of the long-range allosteric activation of TtCsm6 ribonuclease by cA4. cA4 binding induces significant conformational changes, including closure of the CARF domain, dimerization of the HTH domain, and reorganization of the R-X4-6-H motif within the HEPN domain. The cleavage of cA4 by the CARF domain restores each domain to a conformation similar to its apo state. Furthermore, we have identified hyperactive TtCsm6 variants that exhibit sustained cA4-activated RNase activity, showing great promise for their applications in genome editing and diagnostics.
S-nitrosylation of AMPKγ impairs coronary collateral circulation and disrupts VSMC reprogramming
Authors: Bai Wenwu , Guo Tao , Wang Han , Li Bin , Sun Quan , Wu Wanzhou , Zhang Jiaxiong , Zhou Jipeng , Luo Jingmin , Zhu Moli , Lu Junxiu , Li Peng , Dong Bo , Han Shufang , Pang Xinyan , Zhang Guogang , Bai Yongping , Wang Shuangxi
Published: December 2023

Collateral circulation is essential for blood resupply to the ischemic heart, which is dictated by the contractile phenotypic restoration of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC). Here we investigate whether S-nitrosylation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), a key regulator of the VSMC phenotype, impairs collateral circulation. In rats with collateral growth and development, nitroglycerin decreases coronary collateral blood flow (CCBF), inhibits vascular contractile phenotypic restoration, and increases myocardial infarct size, accompanied by reduced AMPK activity in the collateral zone. Nitric oxide (NO) S-nitrosylates human recombinant AMPKγ1 at cysteine 131 and decreases AMP sensitivity of AMPK. In VSMCs, exogenous expression of S-nitrosylation-resistant AMPKγ1 or deficient NO synthase (iNOS) prevents the disruption of VSMC reprogramming. Finally, hyperhomocysteinemia or hyperglycemia increases AMPKγ1 S-nitrosylation, prevents vascular contractile phenotypic restoration, reduces CCBF, and increases the infarct size of the heart in Apoe-/- mice, all of which is rescued in Apoe-/-/iNOSsm-/- mice or Apoe-/- mice with enforced expression of the AMPKγ1-C130A mutant following RI/MI. We conclude that nitrosative stress disrupts coronary collateral circulation during hyperhomocysteinemia or hyperglycemia through AMPK S-nitrosylation.
How plants manage pathogen infection
Authors: Jian Yinan , Gong Dianming , Wang Zhe , Liu Lijun , He Jingjing , Han Xiaowei , Tsuda Kenichi
Published: December 2023

To combat microbial pathogens, plants have evolved specific immune responses that can be divided into three essential steps: microbial recognition by immune receptors, signal transduction within plant cells, and immune execution directly suppressing pathogens. During the past three decades, many plant immune receptors and signaling components and their mode of action have been revealed, markedly advancing our understanding of the first two steps. Activation of immune signaling results in physical and chemical actions that actually stop pathogen infection. Nevertheless, this third step of plant immunity is under explored. In addition to immune execution by plants, recent evidence suggests that the plant microbiota, which is considered an additional layer of the plant immune system, also plays a critical role in direct pathogen suppression. In this review, we summarize the current understanding of how plant immunity as well as microbiota control pathogen growth and behavior and highlight outstanding questions that need to be answered.
MYSM1 acts as a novel co-activator of ERα to confer antiestrogen resistance in breast cancer
Authors: Luan Ruina , He Mingcong , Li Hao , Bai Yu , Wang Anqi , Sun Ge , Zhou Baosheng , Wang Manlin , Wang Chunyu , Wang Shengli , Zeng Kai , Feng Jianwei , Lin Lin , Wei Yuntao , Kato Shigeaki , Zhang Qiang , Zhao Yue
Published: December 2023

Endocrine resistance is a crucial challenge in estrogen receptor alpha (ERα)-positive breast cancer (BCa). Aberrant alteration in modulation of E2/ERα signaling pathway has emerged as the putative contributor for endocrine resistance in BCa. Herein, we demonstrate that MYSM1 as a deubiquitinase participates in modulating ERα action via histone and non-histone deubiquitination. MYSM1 is involved in maintenance of ERα stability via ERα deubiquitination. MYSM1 regulates relevant histone modifications on cis regulatory elements of ERα-regulated genes, facilitating chromatin decondensation. MYSM1 is highly expressed in clinical BCa samples. MYSM1 depletion attenuates BCa-derived cell growth in xenograft models and increases the sensitivity of antiestrogen agents in BCa cells. A virtual screen shows that the small molecule Imatinib could potentially interact with catalytic MPN domain of MYSM1 to inhibit BCa cell growth via MYSM1-ERα axis. These findings clarify the molecular mechanism of MYSM1 as an epigenetic modifier in regulation of ERα action and provide a potential therapeutic target for endocrine resistance in BCa.
Carbon dots@noble metal nanoparticle composites: research progress report
Authors: Wang Xuejing , Zhang Renyin , Ma Xiaoyu , Xu Zhihua , Ma Mingze , Zhang Tieying , Ma Yu , Shi Feng
Published: December 2023

Synthesis, characterization, and application of carbon dots@noble metal nanocomposites.
Covalently attached ionophores extend the working range of potentiometric pH sensors with poly(decyl methacrylate) sensing membranes
Authors: Choi Kwangrok R. , Honig Madeline L. , Bühlmann Philippe
Published: December 2023

Photopolymerization binds H+ ionophores covalently to poly(decyl methacrylate) sensing membranes of ion-selective electrodes. The membranes are at the same time covalently attached to the underlying inert polymer and the nanographite solid contact.
Electrochemical aptasensor based on DNA-templated copper nanoparticles and RecJf exonuclease-assisted target recycling for lipopolysaccharide detection
Authors: Xie Shunbi , Liang Shuting , Tian Liangliang , Ding Ge , He Meiting , Li Haojie , Yang Heshan
Published: December 2023

An electrochemical aptasensor for detecting lipopolysaccharides was fabricated based on DNA-templated copper nanoparticles and RecJf exonuclease-assisted target recycling.
A MOF nanozyme-mediated acetylcholinesterase-free colorimetric strategy for direct detection of organophosphorus pesticides
Authors: Xiao Jiaxiang , Shi Feng , Zhang Ye , Peng Maoying , Xu Jinming , Li Juan , Chen Zhuo , Yang Zhanjun
Published: December 2023

Based on the quenching effect of OPs towards ˙OH, a novel MOF nanozyme-mediated AChE-free colorimetric strategy for direct detection of OPs has been developed by utilizing Cu4Co6 ZIF with peroxidase-like activity as a model.
First atroposelective Chan–Lam coupling for the synthesis of C–N linked biaryls
Authors: Ishida Moeka , Adachi Rina , Kobayashi Kazuki , Yamamoto Yukiko , Kawahara Chinatsu , Yamada Tsuyoshi , Aoyama Hiroshi , Kanomata Kyohei , Akai Shuji , Lam Patrick Y. S. , Sajiki Hironao , Ikawa Takashi
Published: December 2023

The first atroposelective Chan–Lam coupling for the synthesis of C–N axial enantiomers is reported with good yields and ee. MnO2 additive is crucial for the success of the coupling.
A confinement-regulated (H3C–NH3)+ ion as a smallest dual-wheel rotator showing bisected rotation dynamics
Authors: Li Wang , Xie Miao , Zhang Shi-Yong , Zeng Cheng-Hui , Du Zi-Yi , He Chun-Ting
Published: December 2023

Here we report a new crystalline supramolecular rotor (CH3NH3)(18-crown-6)[CuCl3], in which the (H3C–NH3)+ ion functions as a smallest dual-wheel rotator showing bisected rotation dynamics.
%VBur index and steric maps: from predictive catalysis to machine learning
Authors: Escayola Sílvia , Bahri-Laleh Naeimeh , Poater Albert
Published: December 2023

Steric indices are parameters used in chemistry to describe the spatial arrangement of atoms or groups of atoms in molecules.
Horizontal and vertical microchamber platforms for evaluation of the paracellular permeability of an epithelial cell monolayer
Authors: Kida Ryuya , Tsugane Mamiko , Suzuki Hiroaki
Published: December 2023

Microchamber devices that enable evaluation of paracellular permeability while observing high resolution epithelial cell morphology are developed.
Synergistic enhancement of seawater hydrogen generation via sulfur vacancy enriched and phases engineered CQD loaded CdS photocatalyst
Authors: Kumar Nahak Bishal , Tseng Fan Gang
Published: December 2023

Vacancy induced Carbon Quantum Dots loaded CdS mixed phase photocatalyst were synthesized and tested for visible light responsive seawater hydrogen generation and Rhodamine B degradation.
A copper(ii) metal–organic framework with 2,2-dimethylglutarate and imidazole ligands: synthesis, characterization and catalytic performance for cycloaddition of CO2 to epoxides
Authors: Köse Yaman Pelin , Demir Sevde , Denizaltı Serpil , Erer Hakan , Yeşilel Okan Zafer
Published: December 2023

A new 3D framework with the general formula {[Cu(μ3-dmg)(im)2]·3H2O}n (1) was synthesized using an aliphatic dicarboxylic acid linker 2,2-dimethylglutarate (dmg2−) and nitrogen-containing imidazole ligand (im) under conventional methods.
Mn-doped FeOOH modified g-C3N4 as a 3D tubular heterogeneous catalyst for photo-Fenton removal of organic pollutants
Authors: Deng Liumi , Liao Meng , Wei Xuejing , Zou Zixuan , Chen Shaohua , Wang Hua , Chen Jiayue
Published: December 2023

To develop environmentally friendly and cost-effective wastewater treatment technologies, a photo-Fenton heterogeneous catalyst Mn-FeOOH/gC3N4 with a three-dimensional porous tubular structure with high catalytic performance was prepared.
Reliable carbon nanotube field-effect transistors for pH sensing
Authors: Jiang Yongzeng , Dong Jing , Wang Fazhi , Zhang Jianfei , Du Xiaoxin , Li Xiaoming , Wu Di , Wang Shuo , Gao Feng
Published: December 2023

A pH sensor based on carbon nanotube field-effect transistors, which exhibits remarkable environmental stability. Moreover, the feasibility of utilizing carbon nanotube field-effect transistors for pH sensing was validated.
Ultralow thermal conductivity of W-Janus bilayers (WXY: X, Y = S, Se, and Te) for thermoelectric devices
Authors: Sharma Neha Kapila , Mahajan Vivek , Adhikari Rajendra , Sharma Hitesh
Published: December 2023

Lattice thermal conductivity (κ) in tungsten dichalcogenide Janus (WXY, where X, Y = S, Se, and Te) monolayers and heterostructures (HSs) have been investigated using ab initio DFT simulations.
Educational series: characterizing crosslinked polymer networks
Authors: Rajawasam Chamoni W. H. , Dodo Obed J. , Weerasinghe M. A. Sachini N. , Raji Ibrahim O. , Wanasinghe Shiwanka V. , Konkolewicz Dominik , De Alwis Watuthanthrige Nethmi
Published: December 2023

Characterization of polymer networks presents unique challenges due to the insolubility of the materials, but this also enables characterization by new techniques that take advantage of the bulk network structure.
Hydrous ruthenium oxide triggers template-free and spontaneous growth of metal nanostructures
Authors: Muhammad Faheem , Chen Xiwen , Tang Jiayi , Cheng Yuan , Li Yuyang , Zhu Chenxin , Zhang Yihong , Miao Leiying , Deng Yu , Wei Hui
Published: December 2023

The disordered and intrinsically conductive hydrous ruthenium oxide nanoparticles are discovered as potent reducing agents to spontaneously produce noble metals with tunable nanostructures, without the need for additional templates or stabilizers.
Redox-mediated electrochemiluminescence enhancement for bead-based immunoassay
Authors: Fracassa Alessandro , Santo Claudio Ignazio , Kerr Emily , Knežević Sara , Hayne David J. , Francis Paul S. , Kanoufi Frederic , Sojic Neso , Paolucci Francesco , Valenti Giovanni
Published: December 2023

Redox mediated mechanism in electrochemiluminescence (ECL) beads-based assay: the influence of Ir(iii) redox mediators increases the ECL signal up to 107%.
The presence of a G-quadruplex prone sequence upstream of a minimal promoter increases transcriptional activity in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Authors: Kratochvilová Libuše , Vojsovič Matúš , Valková Natália , Šislerová Lucie , El Rashed Zeinab , Inga Alberto , Monti Paola , Brázda Václav
Published: December 2023

Non-canonical secondary structures in DNA are increasingly being revealed as critical players in DNA metabolism, including modulating the accessibility and activity of promoters. These structures comprise the so-called G-quadruplexes (G4s) that are formed from sequences rich in guanine bases. Using a well-defined transcriptional reporter system, we sought to systematically investigate the impact of the presence of G4 structures on transcription in yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. To this aim, different G4 prone sequences were modeled to vary the chance of intramolecular G4 formation, analyzed in vitro by Thioflavin T binding test and circular dichroism and then placed at the yeast ADE2 locus on chromosome XV, downstream and adjacent to a P53 response element (RE) and upstream from a minimal CYC1 promoter and Luciferase 1 (LUC1) reporter gene in isogenic strains. While the minimal CYC1 promoter provides basal reporter activity, the P53 RE enables LUC1 transactivation under the control of P53 family proteins expressed under the inducible GAL1 promoter. Thus, the impact of the different G4 prone sequences on both basal and P53 family protein-dependent expression was measured after shifting cells onto galactose containing medium. The results showed that the presence of G4 prone sequences upstream of a yeast minimal promoter increased its basal activity proportionally to their potential to form intramolecular G4 structures; consequently, this feature, when present near the target binding site of P53 family transcription factors, can be exploited to regulate the transcriptional activity of P53, P63 and P73 proteins.
Review of the current situation, problems, and challenges in fish seed production and supply for Bangladesh's aquaculture development
Authors: Islam Md. Rabiul , Olowe Olumide Samuel , Mely Shayla Sultana , Hossain Md. Amzad , Das Mousumi , Zaman Md. Farid Uz
Published: December 2023

Fish seed are important for the growth of aquaculture in Bangladesh, but there are many challenges associated with supplying quality fish seed. This review evaluated the current level of production, issues and challenges that are affecting the production of fish seed in Bangladesh. The fish hatchery was found to be the major contributor in terms of fish seed production. Out of 671 metric tons of fish seed produced in 2020–2021, above 99% were from hatcheries. Freshwater finfish hatcheries have expanded over the last 30 yr, and are distributed throughout the country, but there is no commercial hatchery for coastal and marine water finfish species in the country. Shrimp and prawn hatcheries are concentrated in Cox's Bazar and the greater Jassore regions, respectively, while crab culture is entirely dependent on wild capture. Crablets are collected from nature, which has a devastating impact on biodiversity and wild stocks. The fish seed value chain is multidirectional and interlinked, and intermediaries dominate the supply chain. Disease outbreaks and indiscriminate use of chemicals are major concerns in fish seed production. Management strategies such as the introduction of certification, training programs, technology transfer, access to credit, and implementation of the law could improve the quality and productivity of fish seed in Bangladesh.
Native vs broiler meat after gamma irradiation treatment: Color and surface image study
Authors: Hariyadi Sugeng , Wahyono Teguh , Firmansyah Angga Maulana , Febrisiantosa Andi , Triyannanto Endy , Yusmaman Waringin Margi , Rosyidah Aisyatur
Published: December 2023

In recent decades, food irradiation has been at the center of many different meat preservation investigations. In future decades, Indonesia will increase its exports of poultry meat products in response to an increasing trend. To our knowledge, no study has investigated the differences between native and broiler chicken meat post gamma irradiation treatment. Therefore, this study aimed to compare the effect of gamma irradiation on color, pH and surface image of native and broiler chicken meat. The treatments observed in this study were two types of chicken meat (native vs broiler) which were gamma irradiated at doses of 0, 5 and 10 kGy. Three replicates were used in all parameters except in surface image study by SEM and mineral analysis. Lightness (L*) at day 0 and 14 was decreased due to irradiation (p<0.05), both in broiler and native chicken meat. After storage at day 14, native chicken meat after gamma irradiation had the highest redness (a*) value (p<0.05). However, no significant differences were found in yellowness (b*). Based on the various types of meat, the results reveal that there was no statistical difference in pH values between irradiation dosage. However, native chicken irradiated with 10 kGy had the highest pH value in 0 and 14 days of storage (p<0.05). Regardless of the kind of meat, gamma irradiation may affect the surface image of the sample. After irradiation treatment, it has been suggested that variations in muscle structure are responsible for differences in surface appearance. We concluded that, meat color, both in broiler and native chicken meat was affected by gamma irradiation treatment. However, no significant differences were found in pH values. Gamma irradiation may influence the surface image of the sample. Larger particles and aggregates were observed after treated with 5 and 10 kGy irradiation.
The influence of different drying methods on cowhide crackers at PT Java Mandiri's Partner on protein content, expandability, and organoleptic quality
Authors: Rachman Anshori Taufik , Amertaningtyas Dedes , Rosyidi Djalal , Thohari Imam , Sri Widyastuti Eny
Published: December 2023

The aim of this research is to determine the best protein content, expandability, and organoleptic quality among three different drying treatments for cowhide crackers. The material used in this research is cowhide cowhide crackers. Three drying treatments were used in this study, which are drying in an oven for 4 hours (P1), sunlight drying for 2 days (P2), and a combination of both, with sunlight drying for 2 days and oven drying for 30 minutes. The research employs a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) and a Randomized Block Design (RBD) Subsampling for the organoleptic test with three treatments and six replications, and the De Garmo method was used to determine the best treatment. The results of this research were analyzed using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA), and if differences were found, Duncan's test was employed. The findings revealed that the drying treatments significantly (P<0.01) affected protein content, expandability, and organoleptic evaluation. The average value of protein content 65.87%-83.20%, expandability 179.53%-530.42%, color rating 3.26-4.01, crunchiness 3.32-4.11, and taste rating 3.03-4.02. The conclusion derived from the De Garmo method is that the best treatment is drying in an oven (P1) with a protein content of 65.87%, expandability of 530.42%, color rating of 4.01, crunchiness rating of 4.11, and taste rating of 4.02.
Identification and nutritive value of forages in grazing land consumed by Kuantan cattle in Benai District, Kuantan Singingi Regency
Authors: Ali Arsyadi , Misrianti Restu , Elfawati Elfawati , Putri Tri Regina
Published: December 2023

This study investigated the effects of egg storage duration prior to incubation on performances of Arab Chickens during the first week post-hatch. A total of 100 day-old-chicks were distributed among 20 experimental units, each representing a different egg storage duration before incubation (1, 4, 7, and 10 days) with five replicates. There were five birds of each replicate totaling 25 birds per treatment. The variables examined in this study included the growth performance of Arab Chickens during the first week post-hatch, specifically the initial body weight, final body weight, body weight gain, feed intake, water intake, feed conversion ratio, and water conversion ratio. The findings of the study revealed that egg storage duration prior to incubation did not significantly affect (P>0.05) feed intake, water intake, and water conversion ratio. Storing eggs for up to 4 days did not result in any adverse effects (P>0.05) on initial body weight, final body weight, body weight gain, and feed conversion ratio. However, eggs stored for 7 days or longer exhibited a significant reduction (P<0.05) in initial body weight, final body weight, and body weight gain. Additionally, a notable increased (P<0.05) in feed conversion ratio observed for eggs stored for 10 days. In conclusion, the hatching eggs of Arab Chickens can be safely stored for up to 4 days without any detrimental effect on their performance during the first week post-hatch.
The feasibility of broiler farming in a partnership model
Authors: Akhiroh Puji , Mochammad Dinata Jovan , Nugroho Eko
Published: December 2023

This research was conducted at Unggas Jaya Farm, located in Karangrejo Village, Wungu District, Madiun Regency. The purpose of this study was to determine the capital and production costs required to achieve profitability, and to analyze Break Even Point, production costs, revenue, income, Revenue Cost Ratio, and Benefit Cost Ratio. The respondents in this study were the employee and manager of Unggas Jaya Farm. The research was carried out in May 2023 by interviewing the owner of Unggas Jaya Farm by means of questionnaires. The results show that the total business capital was IDR 3,314,388,085; with the production costs was IDR 1,513,357,675. The total revenue was IDR 1,647,660,654; and the total income is IDR.124,901,770.58. The Break Even Point for broiler price is IDR 19,018/kg, with Break Even Point unit of 73,758.85 kg. The Revenue Cost Ratio (R/C) is of 1.08, indicating that the broiler farming business is considered feasible (R/C > 1). The Benefit Cost Ratio is 0.083, indicating a profit of IDR 0.083 for every unit of production cost. The study concluded that Unggas Jaya Farm's broiler farming business is feasible and profitable for further development.
Quality evaluation of waste cooking oil from restaurants in Malang as the potential for ruminants feed supplement
Authors: Asmoro Ahlan Bangkit , Hartutik Hartutik
Published: December 2023

Derived from hypothesis of having more fat content in feed could inhibit microbial activity and will increase the energy for the ruminants, this research conducted to determine the contrasting quality of fresh and waste cooking oil. Analysis focused on organoleptic and iodometry to initiate a supplementation product. Material used were fresh and waste cooking oil from four chicken restaurant in Malang: A Restaurant (T1), B Restaurant (T2), C Restaurant (T3), and D Restaurant (T4). Data collected thrice a day regularly and apprised that different cooking oil brands used. Brand A used in A (T1) & B Restaurant (T2), brand B used in C Restaurant (T3), and brand C used in D Restaurant (T4). Analysis executed at Animal Nutrition and Feed Laboratory, Animal Science Faculty of Universitas Brawijaya with 15 panellists. Using randomized nested block design; four restaurants, two types of, and three replications (4x2x3); It can be perceived that the cooking oil waste on each restaurants has significant effects on the smell and texture. The panellists concurred that the best cooking oil waste as the potential for ruminants feed supplement, is the C Restaurant (T3) with the greenish yellow colour, thick texture, slightly slack odor, and tasted a bit bitter. However, all the restaurants’ fresh cooking oil, by iodine content analysis, higher than the standard of Indonesian National Standards. T4 hit the highest with 61.87 g Iod/100g compared to T1, T2, and T3 with 52.68, 48.44, and 53.90 g Iod/100g respectively. It can be concluded that the best cooking oil waste for the potential feed supplement is the C Restaurant (T3) with 53.90 ± 1.09 g Iod/100g iodine level.
Unlocking credit access for farmers (Case study of dairy farmers in East Java, Indonesia)
Authors: Purwanti Tina Sri , Nugroho Eko , Febrianto Nanang , Siswijono Suprih Bambang
Published: December 2023

Access to credit is crucial for the economic development and sustainability of smallholder farmers in rural areas. In the context of Malang, East Java, Indonesia, this study delves into the factors that influence smallholder farmers' access to credit. Smallholder farmers play a pivotal role in ensuring food security, agricultural, and livestock productivity in Indonesia, making it imperative to understand the determinants of their credit access. This research was conducted between July and August 2023, employing a Probit Model and descriptive statistics to analyze data collected through a survey questionnaire. A multistage random sampling technique was employed, encompassing 70 smallholder dairy farmers in Malang. Findings from the Probit Model unveiled that several factors significantly affect the decision of smallholder farmers to adopt credit access. These factors include education levels among farmers, cattle ownership, access to the internet, participation in livestock training programs, and the employment of family members. The positive influence of these factors emphasizes the importance of targeted interventions to enhance smallholder farmers' credit access. To promote the adoption of credit access among smallholder dairy farmers in Malang, collaborative efforts between stakeholders and government entities are essential. These efforts should focus on improving the availability of livestock-related training programs and enhancing internet accessibility, particularly to bolster the sustainability of the livestock sector, with a specific emphasis on dairy farming. Such measures can help uplift the livelihoods of smallholder farmers, foster agricultural growth, and contribute to overall rural development in the region.
The SNP (g.198655287 G>A) of AHSG gene polymorphism and its association with mineral composition in Indonesia lamb meat
Authors: Adi Septiyawan Ganda , Listyarini Kasita , Rachman Noor Ronny , Roosita Katrin , Gunawan Asep
Published: December 2023

The AHSG (Alpha2-Heremans-Schmid Glycoprotein) gene is indicated to have an essential role in mineral composition. This study aimed to identify the polymorphism of the AHSG gene and its association with the mineral composition of Indonesian lamb meat. The samples were 85 rams Indonesian sheep, consisting of 70 Javanese thin-tailed sheep (JTTS) and 15 Jonggol sheep (JS). AHSG gene polymorphism was analyzed using the PCR-RFLP technique with the EagI restriction enzyme. The AHSG gene association was analyzed using the T-test. The Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium analysis showed that the AHSG was polymorphic with three genotypes, i.e., GG, GA, and AA. The AHSG gene with mineral composition was associated with significance (P<0.05) on the content of Fe (iron), Zn (Zinc), and Se (Selenium). The AA genotype is the recommended genotype due to its high mineral composition. The AHSG gene (SNP g.198655287 G>A) can be used as a genetic marker for the molecular-based selection of lamb with high mineral composition.
Effect of extraction Andrographis paniculata and Moringa oleifera on microbiological jejunal of broiler chickens
Authors: Fithrah Hasanain Ilham , Frita Nuningtyas Yuli , Marwi Filoza , Eko Hermanto Feri , Halim Natsir Muhammad
Published: December 2023

This study aims to evaluate the effect of the combined extraction of Andrographis paniculata and Moringa oleifera leaves as phytobiotics on the digestive microbiology of broiler chickens. The number of chickens used in this study was one hundred twenty-eight (128) chickens divided into 4 treatments, 4 replications where each replication consisted of 8 chickens. The treatments in this study were T0 (control), T1 (basal diet + 0.25% Andrographis paniculata and Moringa oleifera leaves), T2 (0.50% Andrographis paniculata and Moringa oleifera leaves), and T3 (0.75% Andrographis paniculata and Moringa oleifera leaves). The method used in this research is in vivo. Data analysis used a completely randomized design. If there is a significant difference, it is analysed using the Duncan Multiple Range Test (DMRT). The results of the study showed that the use of Andrographis paniculata and Moringa oleifera leaves had a significant effect on the number of lactic acid bacteria, Escherichia coli and Salmonella in the digestion of broiler chickens. T3 showed the highest number of lactic acid bacteria compared to other treatments, while T3 showed the lowest number of E. coli and Salmonella. The use of Andrographis paniculata 0.75% and Moringa oleifera leaves had a positive influence on the number of lactic acid bacteria in the digestion of broiler chickens.
The effect of isoamylase application in cassava root meal on broiler growth performance, feed retention time, and metabolite profile
Authors: Puspita Poppy Satya , Hermana Widya , Pramujo Muhammad , Nahrowi Nahrowi
Published: December 2023

The objectives of this study were to evaluate isoamylase application on the cassava root meal (CRM) and identify its effect on broiler growth performance, feed retention time, and metabolite profile. The experiment used 270 sexed broilers strain Lohman with an initial body weight of 45.88 ± 0.41 g were allotted into 3 treatments and 6 replications with 15 birds in each pen for 35 days. Dietary treatments were T0: Basal Ration + 0% CRM, T1: Basal Ration + 50% CRM, T2: Basal Ration + 50% CRM + 0.05% isoamylase. The results showed that the inclusion 50% of CRM both with and or without isoamylase was increased (P<0.01) feed intake and feed conversion ratio (FCR) and gave the same effect (P>0.05) on body weight, body weight gain, carcass weight, and carcass percentage during the overall period compared to fed T0. The treatment had no significant difference in coefisien total starch digestibility, metabolizable energy, and blood glucose levels. In conclusion, the inclusion of 50% cassava root meal with and or without isoamylase to subtitute corn in ration does not affect the broiler growth performance however FCR was higher than the control.
Der Zusammenhang von sozialen und familiären Strukturen mit
Verhaltensauffälligkeiten bei Vorschulkindern
Authors: Hmayed Samir , Thyen Ute
Published: December 2023

Hintergrund Verhaltensauffälligkeiten bei Kindern sind eine
mögliche Symptomausprägung psychischer Störungen und
Zeichen eingeschränkter mentaler Gesundheit. Ihre Ausprägung
wird von familiären und sozialen Faktoren beeinflusst, wobei wenig
über die Interaktionen von Familienstruktur, Bildungsstatus,
Migrationshintergrund und Erwerbstätigkeit im Hinblick auf
Verhaltensauffälligkeiten bekannt ist. Diese Zusammenhänge
wurden in einer repräsentativen Stichprobe 5–6 jähriger
Kinder untersucht.

Methoden Die Datenerhebung (n=15.271) erfolgte zwischen September
2018 und August 2019 in ganz Schleswig-Holstein im Rahmen der
Schuleingangsuntersuchungen. Erfasst wurden Verhaltensauffälligkeiten
der Kinder mittels eines Screening-Fragebogens für Eltern, dem Strengths
and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ). Die statistischen Untersuchungen umfassten
deskriptive Analysen, sowie die Berechnung eines bivariaten logistischen
Regressionsmodells mit den dichotomen Endpunkten des SDQ
„auffällig“ und „unauffällig“
als abhängige und sozialen und familiären Faktoren als
unabhängige Variablen (Geschlecht, Familienstruktur, Geschwisteranzahl,
Sprachpraxis, Migrationshintergrund, familiärer Bildungsstand,
elterliche Erwerbsarbeit und regelmäßiger Sport in einem
Sportverein).

Ergebnisse Die statistischen Analysen mittels logistischer Regression
zeigten, dass Kinder, die bei Alleinerziehenden lebten, eine 2,1-fach (Odds
Ratio; OR) höhere Chance hatten [95%-KI: 1,7–2,6]
Verhaltensauffälligkeiten zu zeigen, als Kinder, die bei beiden
leiblichen Elternteilen lebten. Einzelkinder hatten eine 1,4-fach höhere
Chance [95%-KI: 1,2–1,8] gegenüber Kindern, die mit
einem oder zwei Geschwisterkindern aufwuchsen. Kinder mit einseitigem
Migrationshintergrund zeigten eine niedrigere Chance für
Verhaltensauffälligkeiten [OR: 0,58; 95%-KI: 0,38–0,87]
als Kinder ohne Migrationshintergrund. Kinder aus Familien mit niedrigem
Bildungsstand hatten eine 3-fach höhere Chance für
Verhaltensauffälligkeiten [95%-KI: 2,3–3,8]
gegenüber Kindern aus Familien mit hohem Bildungsstand. Waren beide
Elternteile (bzw. die alleinerziehende Person) mindestens in Teilzeit
erwerbstätig, zeigte sich eine niedrigere Chance für
Verhaltensauffälligkeiten [OR: 0,58; 95%-KI:0,47–0,71]
des Kindes verglichen mit Kindern, bei denen mindestens ein Elternteil
erwerbslos war.

Schlussfolgerungen Diese Studie konnte soziodemografische Faktoren
identifizieren, die mit der Ausprägung von
Verhaltensauffälligkeiten assoziiert sind. Insbesondere
Alleinerziehende, Familien mit geringen Bildungsabschlüssen und
Familien, in denen mindestens ein Elternteil erwerblos ist, sollten adressiert
werden.
Biomechanical Comparison of Uniplanar versus Biplanar Lateral Opening-wedge Distal Femoral Osteotomy Techniques in Terms of Risk for Medial Hinge Fracture
Authors: Yıldırım Cem , Demirel Mehmet , Ekinci Mehmet , Öztürk Simge , Bozdağ Süreyya Ergün
Published: December 2023

The effect of osteotomy type on the initial stiffness of the bone-implant construct in lateral opening-wedge distal femoral osteotomy (LOWDFO) using a uniplanar compared with a biplanar technique has been investigated. However, no study has explored the biomechanical risk factors for medial hinge fracture. This study aimed to compare the biomechanical strength of uniplanar versus biplanar LOWDFO regarding the risk for medial hinge fracture during gap opening. Twelve composite femora were divided into two groups (six in each group) based on the distal femoral osteotomy technique: uniplanar versus biplanar LOWDFO. All LOWDFO models were subjected to incremental static loading. The gap distance was expanded by 1 mm, and displacement values were recorded as anterior and posterior gap distances (mm). The average force values of all samples at certain gap distances were recorded, and the head distance was measured. The uniplanar group had higher load values than the biplanar group at all anterior gap distances. These differences were only significant at 2- and 3-mm gap distances (p = 0.025 and 0.037). At all posterior gap distances, the uniplanar group had higher load values than the biplanar group, but these differences only reached statistical significance at 2 mm (p = 0.037). Both groups had similar anterior, posterior, and average gap distances (p = 0.75, 0.522, 0.873). The uniplanar group had a higher head insertion distance (15.3 ± 5.7) than the biplanar group (14.7 ± 2.9), but it was not significant (p = 0.87). The uniplanar group had a lower average load before medial hinge fracture (46.41 ± 13.91 N) than the biplanar group (54.92 ± 31.94, p = 0.81). The biplanar group had an average maximum load value of 64.18 ± 25.6 N, while the uniplanar group had 57.90 ± 12.21 N (p = 0.81). This study revealed that the biplanar osteotomy technique allows a wider opening wedge gap with less risk of a medial hinge fracture than uniplanar LOWDFO.

Level of evidence was level 3, case–control series.
Early Surgical Management of Medial Patellar Luxation in Juvenile Dogs
Authors: Carrera Alefe L.C. , Minto Bruno W. , Curuci Eloy H.P. , Paula Carla G. , Jassniker Julia B. , Cunha Olicies
Published: December 2023

The aim of this study was to analyse a series of five cases of early surgical treatment in juvenile canine patients with high-grade medial patellar luxation. Canine patients, with immature skeleton, affected by grade III or IV medial patellar luxation and treated by multimodal surgical techniques were selected. Five dogs of different breeds, mean age 7.2 ± 3.0 months, met the inclusion criteria. Simultaneous distal femoral varus and external tibial torsion were identified in three of the five cases, whereas in the others, femoral varus with associated tibial valgus and isolated external tibial torsion were observed. Four of the five patients were treated surgically with closing wedge osteotomy of the distal femur, and three of them underwent tibial tuberosity transposition simultaneously. Only two animals required trochleoplasty. Mean time to beginning of weight bearing was 9.8 ± 5.5 days, whereas time to bone healing was 55 ± 24 days. Bone realignment of the extensor apparatus and return to limb support were achieved in all cases. Postoperative reintervention was needed in one patient; however, it was not linked to the initial surgery. Patients were followed up to 1 year postoperatively, with maintenance of extensor alignment and no late complications. The early surgical approach has been shown to be effective in the definitive treatment of juvenile dogs affected by high-grade medial patellar luxation.
Prevalence of Postnatal Depression in Fathers: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Dhanpal H N , Shil Rahul
Published: December 2023

Background and Aim Postnatal depression (PND) can affect both genders, but the common misconception is that it only affects mothers. Increasing literature reports that 10% of the fathers experience PND after childbirth. This systematic review and meta-analysis aim to determine the pooled estimated prevalence of PND among fathers in the postnatal period and identify its risk factors.

Materials and Methods The electronic databases PubMed, ProQuest, BASE, DOAJ, ResearchGate, Semantic Scholar, and BioMed Central were searched for related open-access articles published between January 2010 and March 2021. Finally, 15 articles met inclusion criteria. A random-effects model was used to calculate pooled estimates and 95% confidence intervals.

Results The pooled prevalence of PND in fathers was 24.06%. Partner's depression, lack of social support, poor marital relationship, low income, and low education were all shown to raise the risk of PND in fathers.

Conclusion PND in fathers is a serious concern. Early identification and treatment decrease the detrimental impact on mother and child while further improving quality of life.
Considerations in the Treatment of Depression and Anxiety in Women with PCOS
Authors: Alur-Gupta Snigdha , Dokras Anuja
Published: December 2023

Women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) are known to be at a greater risk of depression and anxiety. What is less clear is whether existing treatments for PCOS are effective in managing this increased risk and what the optimal approach to treatment is. In this review, currently available interventions are explored including lifestyle modifications, oral contraceptives, insulin sensitizing agents, psychosocial interventions and psychiatric medications. While data are often conflicting, lifestyle interventions, and cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) appear most promising in reducing depression and anxiety symptoms in this population. There is an urgent need for large prospective studies to fill gaps in the literature.
Beyond triviality barriers: the transcendent poetics of play in Feng Zikai’s manhua legacy
Authors: You Chengcheng
Published: December 2023

Despite the socio-political upheavals that marked twentieth-century China, Feng Zikai (豐子愷,1898–1975), a Chinese artist and writer, invariably figures his art forms with child subjects in ways that encapsulate a childhood idyll reminiscent of the ancient genre of painting children at play. Drawing from Feng’s manhua anthology, this study delves into the multimodal representations of children’s play to uncover the intertwined social, aesthetic, and ethical discourses within the context of modern China. It posits that Feng’s manhua legacy embodies a transcendent poetics of play by integrating the elemental functions and indigenous aesthetics of play. Three aspects of transcendence arise from the paradoxical nature of play, Feng’s compassionate outlook, and the imaginative materialisation of cultural heritage along with its contemporary relevance, illuminating the interplay between Feng’s artistic journey and the constantly evolving socio-political context in which it unfolds.
Probing and controlling oxygen impurity diffusion in h-BN semi-bulk crystals
Authors: Almohammad M. , Tingsuwatit A. , Alemoush Z. , Li J. , Lin J. Y. , Jiang H. X.
Published: December 2023

Combining its unique features of ultrawide bandgap (UWBG) and two-dimensional nature, h-BN has been explored for emerging applications such as deep ultraviolet optoelectronic devices and single photon emitters. One of the unusual applications of h-BN is for solid-state neutron detectors by utilizing the property of high thermal neutron capture cross section of B-10 as well as its UWBG properties. Although a record high detection efficiency of 59% has been attained by h-BN detectors, the understanding/minimization of defects and impurities is still needed to further advance the h-BN material and detector technologies. We report metal organic chemical vapor deposition growth and oxygen (O) impurity diffusion in thick h-BN. The diffusion coefficient (D) of O impurities has been measured via the evolution of an oxygen related emission with the etching depth, providing a value of D of ∼ 2 × 10−13 cm2/s at 1450 °C and supporting the interpretation that oxygen in h-BN is a substitutional donor. A multiple-buffer-layer approach was employed to mitigate to a certain degree the issue of oxygen diffusion from sapphire substrate during growth. It was demonstrated that the performance of h-BN neutron detectors fabricated from the wafer incorporating multiple buffer layers was significantly improved, as manifested by the enhanced thermal neutron detection efficiency. The advancement of the crystal growth technology of h-BN semi-bulk crystals creates applications in optoelectronic and power electronic devices utilizing the UWBG semiconductor properties of h-BN, while high efficiency h-BN neutron detectors have the potential to supplant the traditional He-3 gas detectors in various application areas by offering the obvious advantages of UWBG semiconductor technologies.
Two-dimensional inverse energy cascade in a laboratory surf zone for varying wave directional spread
Authors: Baker C. M. , Moulton M. , Chickadel C. C. , Nuss E. S. , Palmsten M. L. , Brodie K. L.
Published: December 2023

Surfzone eddies enhance the dispersion and transport of contaminants, bacteria, and larvae across the nearshore, altering coastal water quality and ecosystem health. During directionally spread wave conditions, vertical vortices (horizontal eddies) are injected near the ends of breaking crests. Energy associated with these eddies may be transferred to larger-scale, low-frequency rotational motions through an inverse energy cascade, consistent with two-dimensional turbulence. However, our understanding of the relationships between the wave conditions and the dynamics and energetics of low-frequency surfzone eddies are largely based on numerical modeling. Here, we test these relationships with remotely sensed and in situ observations from large-scale directional wave basin experiments with varying wave conditions over alongshore-uniform barred bathymetry. Surface velocities derived with particle image velocimetry were employed to assess the spatial scales of low-frequency surfzone eddies and compute structure functions with alongshore velocities. Second-order structure functions for directionally spread waves (σθ≥10°) are consistent with energy flux to larger or smaller length scales, while normally incident, unidirectional waves do not display this behavior. Third-order structure functions suggest that the surfzone flows exhibit a bidirectional energy cascade—a direct cascade to smaller and inverse cascade to larger length scales—during large directional spreads waves (σθ≥18°). However, there is not decisive evidence of an inverse energy cascade for moderate directional spreads (σθ=10°). Energy flux varies by cross-shore location and increases with increasing directional spread and wave height. Eddy decorrelation length scales weakly depend on wave directional spread. These findings advance our understanding of the dynamics linking wave breaking to large-scale rotational motions that enhance mixing and lead to rip currents, important conduits for cross-shore material exchange.
A cutoff-based method with charge-distribution-data driven pair potentials for efficiently estimating electrostatic interactions in molecular systems
Authors: Fukuda Ikuo , Moritsugu Kei , Higo Junichi , Fukunishi Yoshifumi
Published: December 2023

We introduce a simple cutoff-based method for precise electrostatic energy calculations in the molecular dynamics (MD) simulations of point-particle systems. Our method employs a theoretically derived smooth pair potential function to define electrostatic energy, offering stability and computational efficiency in MD simulations. Instead of imposing specific physical conditions, such as dielectric environments or charge neutrality, we focus on the relationship represented by a single summation formula of charge-weighted pair potentials. This approach allows an accurate energy approximation for each particle, enabling a straightforward error analysis. The resulting particle-dependent pair potential captures the charge distribution information, making it suitable for heterogeneous systems and ensuring an enhanced accuracy through distant information inclusion. Numerical investigations of the Madelung constants of crystalline systems validate the method’s accuracy.
How short-range adhesion slows down crack closure and contact formation
Authors: Müller C. , Müser M. H.
Published: December 2023

While viscoelastic, adhesive contact rupture of simple indenters is well studied, contact formation has received much less attention. Here, we present simulations of the formation of contact between various power law indenters and an adhesive, viscoelastic foundation. For all investigated indenters, we find that the macroscopic relaxation time τ scales approximately with 1/ρ1.8, where ρ is the range of adhesion. The prolongation of contact formation with Tabor parameter is rationalized by the increased dissipation that short-range adhesion causes on a moving crack.