bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effects of Increasing Levels of Total Tannins on Intake, Digestibility, and Balance of Nitrogen, Water, and Energy in Hair Lambs
Authors: da Silva Aguiar Fabrício , Bezerra Leilson Rocha , Cordão Maiza Araújo , Cavalcante Iara Tamires Rodrigues , de Oliveira Juliana Paula Felipe , do Nascimento Romilda Rodrigues , de Souza Bonifácio Benício , Oliveira Ronaldo Lopes , Pereira Elzania Sales , Filho José Morais Pereira
Published: August 2023

This study aims to evaluate the effects of increasing tannin levels from Mimosa tenuiflora hay on the intake, digestibility, and balance of nitrogen (N), water, and energy in hair lambs. Thirty-two Santa Ines lambs, at an average age of 150 days and body weight of 26.75 ± 2.29 kg, were randomly assigned to four treatments in a completely randomized design. The treatments consisted of four diets: a control diet, tannin-free, and three diets with increasing levels of total tannin, 26.2, 52.4, and 78.6 g tannin/kg dry matter (DM). Including the total tannins in the lambs’ diet led to a quadratic increase in the intake of nutrients, N-retention (g/day), water intake, water absorption and retention, energy intake, and energy excretion in feces and gases. However, the digestibility of crude protein, neutral and acid detergent fibers, and total carbohydrates decreased. It was observed that there is a correlation between the variable nutrient digestibility and N-ingested and the N-absorbed, N-urinary, and N-retained. However, the N-excreted in feces did not correlate with any of the variables studied. It is recommended to include 33 g/kg DM of total natural tannins from Mimosa tenuiflora hay in the diet of hair lambs, as it improves intake, energy balance, dietary N, and body water composition while reducing the excretion of N-urinary and gas emissions to the environment.
On the Realization of Exact Upper Bounds of the Best Approximations on the Classes H1,1 by Favard Sums
Authors: Bushev Dmytro , Kal’chuk Inna
Published: August 2023

In this paper, we find the sets of all extremal functions for approximations of the Hölder classes of H1 2π-periodic functions of one variable by the Favard sums, which coincide with the set of all extremal functions realizing the exact upper bounds of the best approximations of this class by trigonometric polynomials. In addition, we obtain the sets of all of extremal functions for approximations of the class H1 by linear methods of summation of Fourier series. Furthermore, we receive the set of all extremal functions for the class H1 in the Korneichuk–Stechkin lemma and its analogue, the Stepanets lemma, for the Hölder class H1,1 functions of two variables being 2π-periodic in each variable.
Conditioning Solid-State Anode-Less Cells for the Next Generation of Batteries
Authors: Baptista Manuela C. , Gomes Beatriz Moura , Capela Diana , Ferreira Miguel F. S. , Guimarães Diana , Silva Nuno A. , Jorge Pedro A. S. , Silva José J. , Braga Maria Helena
Published: August 2023

Anode-less batteries are a promising innovation in energy storage technology, eliminating the need for traditional anodes and offering potential improvements in efficiency and capacity. Here, we have fabricated and tested two types of anode-less pouch cells, the first using solely a copper negative current collector and the other the same current collector but coated with a nucleation seed ZnO layer. Both types of cells used the same all-solid-state electrolyte, Li2.99Ba0.005ClO composite, in a cellulose matrix and a LiFePO4 cathode. Direct and indirect methods confirmed Li metal anode plating after charging the cells. The direct methods are X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS), a technique not divulged in the battery world but friendly to study the surface of the negative current collector, as it detects lithium. The indirect methods used were electrochemical cycling and impedance and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). It became evident the presence of plated Li on the surface of the current collector in contact with the electrolyte upon charging, both directly and indirectly. A maximum average lithium plating thickness of 2.9 µm was charged, and 0.13 µm was discharged. The discharge initiates from a maximum potential of 3.2 V, solely possible if an anode-like high chemical potential phase, such as Li, would form while plating. Although the ratings and energy densities are minor in this study, it was concluded that a layer of ZnO, even at 25 °C, allows for higher discharge power for more hours than plain Cu. It was observed that where Li plates on ZnO, Zn is not detected or barely detected by XPS. The present anode-less cells discharge quickly initially at higher potentials but may hold a discharge potential for many hours, likely due to the ferroelectric character of the electrolyte.
Deep Learning Models for Automatic Upper Airway Segmentation and Minimum Cross-Sectional Area Localisation in Two-Dimensional Images
Authors: Chu Guang , Zhang Rongzhao , He Yingqing , Ng Chun Hown , Gu Min , Leung Yiu Yan , He Hong , Yang Yanqi
Published: August 2023

Objective: To develop and validate convolutional neural network algorithms for automatic upper airway segmentation and minimum cross-sectional area (CSAmin) localisation in two-dimensional (2D) radiographic airway images. Materials and Methods: Two hundred and one 2D airway images acquired using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) scanning were randomly assigned to a test group (n = 161) to train artificial intelligence (AI) models and a validation group (n = 40) to evaluate the accuracy of AI processing. Four AI models, UNet18, UNet36, DeepLab50 and DeepLab101, were trained to automatically segment the upper airway 2D images in the test group. Precision, recall, Intersection over Union, the dice similarity coefficient and size difference were used to evaluate the performance of the AI-driven segmentation models. The CSAmin height in each image was manually determined using three-dimensional CBCT data. The nonlinear mathematical morphology technique was used to calculate the CSAmin level. Height errors were assessed to evaluate the CSAmin localisation accuracy in the validation group. The time consumed for airway segmentation and CSAmin localisation was compared between manual and AI processing methods. Results: The precision of all four segmentation models exceeded 90.0%. No significant differences were found in the accuracy of any AI models. The consistency of CSAmin localisation in specific segments between manual and AI processing was 0.944. AI processing was much more efficient than manual processing in terms of airway segmentation and CSAmin localisation. Conclusions: We successfully developed and validated a fully automatic AI-driven system for upper airway segmentation and CSAmin localisation using 2D radiographic airway images.
Using a Xenogeneic Acellular Dermal Matrix Membrane to Enhance the Reparability of Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells for Cartilage Injury
Authors: Shi Weili , Meng Qingyang , Hu Xiaoqing , Cheng Jin , Shao Zhenxing , Yang Yuping , Ao Yingfang
Published: August 2023

Due to its avascular organization and low mitotic ability, articular cartilage possesses limited intrinsic regenerative capabilities. The aim of this study is to achieve one-step cartilage repair in situ via combining bone marrow stem cells (BMSCs) with a xenogeneic Acellular dermal matrix (ADM) membrane. The ADM membranes were harvested from Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats through standard decellularization procedures. The characterization of the scaffolds was measured, including the morphology and physical properties of the ADM membrane. The in vitro experiments included the cell distribution, chondrogenic matrix quantification, and viability evaluation of the scaffolds. Adult male New Zealand white rabbits were used for the in vivo evaluation. Isolated microfracture was performed in the control (MF group) in the left knee and the tested ADM group was included as an experimental group when an ADM scaffold was implanted through matching with the defect after microfracture in the right knee. At 6, 12, and 24 weeks post-surgery, the rabbits were sacrificed for further research. The ADM could adsorb water and had excellent porosity. The bone marrow stem cells (BMSCs) grew well when seeded on the ADM scaffold, demonstrating a characteristic spindle-shaped morphology. The ADM group exhibited an excellent proliferative capacity as well as the cartilaginous matrix and collagen production of the BMSCs. In the rabbit model, the ADM group showed earlier filling, more hyaline-like neo-tissue formation, and better interfacial integration between the defects and normal cartilage compared with the microfracture (MF) group at 6, 12, and 24 weeks post-surgery. In addition, neither intra-articular inflammation nor a rejection reaction was observed after the implantation of the ADM scaffold. This study provides a promising biomaterial-based strategy for cartilage repair and is worth further investigation in large animal models.
Computational Biomechanics of Sleep: A Systematic Mapping Review
Authors: Cheng Ethan Shiu-Wang , Lai Derek Ka-Hei , Mao Ye-Jiao , Lee Timothy Tin-Yan , Lam Wing-Kai , Cheung James Chung-Wai , Wong Duo Wai-Chi
Published: August 2023

Biomechanical studies play an important role in understanding the pathophysiology of sleep disorders and providing insights to maintain sleep health. Computational methods facilitate a versatile platform to analyze various biomechanical factors in silico, which would otherwise be difficult through in vivo experiments. The objective of this review is to examine and map the applications of computational biomechanics to sleep-related research topics, including sleep medicine and sleep ergonomics. A systematic search was conducted on PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science. Research gaps were identified through data synthesis on variants, outcomes, and highlighted features, as well as evidence maps on basic modeling considerations and modeling components of the eligible studies. Twenty-seven studies (n = 27) were categorized into sleep ergonomics (n = 2 on pillow; n = 3 on mattress), sleep-related breathing disorders (n = 19 on obstructive sleep apnea), and sleep-related movement disorders (n = 3 on sleep bruxism). The effects of pillow height and mattress stiffness on spinal curvature were explored. Stress on the temporomandibular joint, and therefore its disorder, was the primary focus of investigations on sleep bruxism. Using finite element morphometry and fluid–structure interaction, studies on obstructive sleep apnea investigated the effects of anatomical variations, muscle activation of the tongue and soft palate, and gravitational direction on the collapse and blockade of the upper airway, in addition to the airflow pressure distribution. Model validation has been one of the greatest hurdles, while single-subject design and surrogate techniques have led to concerns about external validity. Future research might endeavor to reconstruct patient-specific models with patient-specific loading profiles in a larger cohort. Studies on sleep ergonomics research may pave the way for determining ideal spine curvature, in addition to simulating side-lying sleep postures. Sleep bruxism studies may analyze the accumulated dental damage and wear. Research on OSA treatments using computational approaches warrants further investigation.
Heritability of Immunity Traits and Resistance of Atlantic Salmon against the Sea Louse Caligus rogercresseyi
Authors: Torrealba Débora , Morales-Lange Byron , Mulero Victoriano , Vasemägi Anti , Mercado Luis , Gallardo-Matus José
Published: August 2023

The immune response of Atlantic salmon to sea lice has been extensively studied, but we still do not know the mechanisms by which some fish become resistant and others do not. In this study, we estimated the heritabilities of three key proteins associated with the innate immunity and resistance of Salmo salar against the sea louse Caligus rogercresseyi. In particular, we quantified the abundance of 2 pro-inflammatory cytokines, Tnfα and Il-8, and an antioxidant enzyme, Nkef, in Atlantic salmon skin and gill tissue from 21 families and 268 individuals by indirect ELISA. This covers a wide parasite load range from low or resistant (mean sea lice ± SE = 8.7 ± 0.9) to high or susceptible (mean sea lice ± SE = 43.3 ± 2.0). Our results showed that susceptible fish had higher levels of Nkef and Tnfα than resistant fish in their gills and skin, although gill Il-8 was higher in resistant fish, while no significant differences were found in the skin. Furthermore, moderate to very high heritable genetic variation was estimated for Nkef (h2 skin: 0.96 ± 0.14 and gills: 0.97 ± 0.11) and Tnfα (h2 skin: 0.53 ± 0.17 and gills: 0.32 ± 0.14), but not for Il-8 (h2 skin: 0.22 ± 0.12 ns and gills: 0.09 ± 0.08 ns). This work provides evidence that Nkef and Tnfα protein expressions are highly heritable and related to resistance against sea lice in Atlantic salmon.
Modulating Hyperpolarization-Activated Cation Currents through Small Molecule Perturbations: Magnitude and Gating Control
Authors: Chen Cheng-Shih , So Edmund Cheung , Wu Sheng-Nan
Published: August 2023

The hyperpolarization-activated cation current (Ih) exhibits a slowly activating time course of the current (Ih) when the cell membrane is hyperpolarized for an extended duration. It is involved in generating electrical activity in various excitable cells. Numerous structurally distinct compounds or herbal drugs have the potential to impact both the magnitude and gating kinetics of this current. Brivaracetam, a chemical analog of levetiracetam known to be a ligand for synaptic vesicle protein 2A, could directly suppress the Ih magnitude. Carisbamate, an anticonvulsant agent, not only inhibited the Ih amplitude but also reduced the strength of voltage-dependent hysteresis (Hys(V)) associated with Ih. Cilobradine, similar to ivabradine, inhibited the amplitude of Ih; however, it also suppressed the amplitude of delayed-rectifier K+ currents. Dexmedetomidine, an agonist of α2-adrenergic receptor, exerted a depressant action on Ih in a concentration-dependent fashion. Suppression of Ih amplitude was observed when GAL-021, a breathing control modulator, was present at a concentration exceeding 30 μM. Lutein, one of the few xanthophyll carotenoids, was able to suppress the Ih amplitude as well as to depress Hys(V)’s strength of Ih. Pirfenidone, a pyridine derivative known to be an anti-fibrotic agent, depressed the Ih magnitude in a concentration- and voltage-dependent fashion. Tramadol, a synthetic centrally active analgesic, was shown to reduce the Ih magnitude, independent of its interaction with opioid receptors. Various herbal drugs, including ent-kaurane-type diterpenoids from Croton tonkinensis, Ganoderma triterpenoids, honokiol, and pterostilbene, demonstrated efficacy in reducing the magnitude of Ih. Conversely, oxaliplatin, a platinum-based chemotherapeutic compound, was observed to effectively increase the Ih amplitude. Collectively, the regulatory effects of these compounds or herbal drugs on cellular function can be partly attributed to their perturbations on Ih.
Protocol for a Single-Arm Feasibility Study of Photobiomodulation for Fatigue, Depression, and Pain in Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Authors: Ewais Tatjana , Begun Jakob , Laakso E-Liisa
Published: August 2023

Background: There are limited treatment options for mental health comorbidities associated with Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD), although they have been shown to negatively affect the course of IBD and multiple important areas of functioning. Photobiomodulation (PBM) is a new therapeutic intervention using laser-generated low-powered light therapy that has shown early promise in alleviating fatigue, depression, and pain in chronic illness. Methods: This prospective, single-arm pilot study aims to assess the feasibility and efficacy of PBM in the treatment of fatigue, depression, and pain in youth with IBD. We will recruit 28 young adults with IBD who will receive PBM in addition to treatment as usual. The primary outcome will be fatigue, while secondary outcomes will include depression, pain, quality of life, inflammatory markers, alterations in microbiome composition, physical activity, and functioning. Outcome measures will be assessed at baseline, after a 10-week control period (pre-PBM), at 20 weeks (post-PBM), and at 30 weeks. Feasibility will be assessed by attendance, recruitment rates, and participants’ views of PBM. Mixed-effects linear regression modelling will be used to assess the PBM effect on continuous outcomes (fatigue, depression, anxiety and stress scores, and inflammation levels). Results: The study will provide preliminary indicators of PBM feasibility and efficacy in IBD.
Ballistic Behavior of Bioinspired Nacre-like Composites
Authors: Chan-Colli Danny G. , Agaliotis Eliana M. , Frias-Bastar David , Shen Luming , Carrillo Jose G. , Herrera-Franco Pedro J. , Flores-Johnson Emmanuel A.
Published: August 2023

In this paper, the ballistic performance of a multilayered composite inspired by the structural characteristics of nacre is numerically investigated using finite element (FE) simulations. Nacre is a natural composite material found in the shells of some marine mollusks, which has remarkable toughness due to its hierarchical layered structure. The bioinspired nacre-like composites investigated here were made of five wavy aluminum alloy 7075-T651 (AA7075) layers composed of ~1.1-mm thick square tablets bonded together with toughened epoxy resin. Two composite configurations with continuous layers (either wavy or flat) were also studied. The ballistic performance of the composite plates was compared to that of a bulk monolithic AA7075 plate. The ballistic impact was simulated in the 300–600 m/s range using two types of spherical projectiles, i.e., rigid and elastoplastic. The results showed that the nacre plate exhibited improved ballistic performance compared to the bulk plate and the plates with continuous layers. The structural design of the nacre plate improved the ballistic performance by producing a more ductile failure and enabling localized energy absorption via the plastic deformation of the tablets and the globalized energy dissipation due to interface debonding and friction. All the plate configurations exhibited a better ballistic performance when impacted by an elastoplastic projectile compared to a rigid one, which is explained by the projectile plastic deformation absorbing some of the impact energy and the enlarged contact area between the projectile and the plates producing more energy absorption by the plates.
Deep Learning in the Ubiquitous Human–Computer Interactive 6G Era: Applications, Principles and Prospects
Authors: Chen Chunlei , Zhang Huixiang , Hou Jinkui , Zhang Yonghui , Zhang Huihui , Dai Jiangyan , Pang Shunpeng , Wang Chengduan
Published: August 2023

With the rapid development of enabling technologies like VR and AR, we human beings are on the threshold of the ubiquitous human-centric intelligence era. 6G is believed to be an indispensable cornerstone for efficient interaction between humans and computers in this promising vision. 6G is supposed to boost many human-centric applications due to its unprecedented performance improvements compared to 5G and before. However, challenges are still to be addressed, including but not limited to the following six aspects: Terahertz and millimeter-wave communication, low latency and high reliability, energy efficiency, security, efficient edge computing and heterogeneity of services. It is a daunting job to fit traditional analytical methods into these problems due to the complex architecture and highly dynamic features of ubiquitous interactive 6G systems. Fortunately, deep learning can circumvent the interpretability issue and train tremendous neural network parameters, which build mapping relationships from neural network input (status and specific requirements of a 6G application) to neural network output (settings to satisfy the requirements). Deep learning methods can be an efficient alternative to traditional analytical methods or even conquer unresolvable predicaments of analytical methods. We review representative deep learning solutions to the aforementioned six aspects separately and focus on the principles of fitting a deep learning method into specific 6G issues. Based on this review, our main contributions are highlighted as follows. (i) We investigate the representative works in a systematic view and find out some important issues like the vital role of deep reinforcement learning in the 6G context. (ii) We point out solutions to the lack of training data in 6G communication context. (iii) We reveal the relationship between traditional analytical methods and deep learning, in terms of 6G applications. (iv) We identify some frequently used efficient techniques in deep-learning-based 6G solutions. Finally, we point out open problems and future directions.
A Study of Brain Function Characteristics of Service Members at High Risk for Accidents in the Military
Authors: Choi Sung-Oh , Choi Jong-Geun , Yun Jong-Yong
Published: August 2023

Military accidents are often associated with stress and depressive psychological conditions among soldiers, and they often fail to adapt to military life. Therefore, this study analyzes whether there are differences in EEG and pulse wave indices between general soldiers and three groups of soldiers who have not adapted to military life and are at risk of accidents. Data collection was carried out using a questionnaire and a device that can measure EEG and pulse waves, and data analysis was performed using SPSS. The results showed that the concentration level and brain activity indices were higher in the general soldiers and the soldiers in the first stage of accident risk. The body stress index was higher for each stage of accident risk, and the physical vitality index was higher for general soldiers. Therefore, it can be seen that soldiers who have not adapted to military life and are at risk of accidents have somewhat lower concentration and brain activity than general soldiers, and have symptoms of stress and lethargy. The results of this study will contribute to reducing human accidents through EEG and pulse wave measurements not only in the military but also in occupations with a high risk of accidents such as construction.
Effects of Superior–Subordinate Guanxi on Employee Innovative Behavior: The Role of Follower Dependency and Work Passion
Authors: Han Zhiyong , Ni Ming , Hou Chenbin , Zhang Yuliang
Published: August 2023

In the face of an increasingly complex competitive environment, a company’s ability to innovate is the key to a gaining sustainable competitive advantage. As the cornerstone of an organization’s survival and development, employee innovative behavior is key to enhancing an organization’s innovative capability. Based on a conservation of resources, this study investigates the mechanism of the role of superior–subordinate guanxi on employees’ innovative behavior from both emotional and cognitive perspectives. Through the analysis of 305 full-time employees’ research data, the results show that superior–subordinate guanxi can promote employees’ innovative behavior by stimulating their work passion and reducing their dependence on superiors. Our research provides certain theoretical guidance and policy recommendations for enterprises to improve the innovation ability of employees by revealing the internal mechanism of superior–subordinate guanxi affecting the innovation behavior of employees.
Predicting Hearing Loss in Testicular Cancer Patients after Cisplatin-Based Chemotherapy
Authors: Garcia Sara L. , Lauritsen Jakob , Christiansen Bernadette K. , Hansen Ida F. , Bandak Mikkel , Dalgaard Marlene D. , Daugaard Gedske , Gupta Ramneek
Published: August 2023

Testicular cancer is predominantly curable, but the long-term side effects of chemotherapy have a severe impact on life quality. In this research study, we focus on hearing loss as a part of overall chemotherapy-induced ototoxicity. This is a unique approach where we combine clinical data from the acclaimed nationwide Danish Testicular Cancer (DaTeCa)-Late database. Clinical and genetic data on 433 patients were collected from hospital files in October 2014. Hearing loss was classified according to the FACT/GOG-Ntx-11 version 4 self-reported Ntx6. Machine learning models combining a genome-wide association study within a nested cross-validated logistic regression were applied to identify patients at high risk of hearing loss. The model comprising clinical and genetic data identified 67% of the patients with hearing loss; however, this was with a false discovery rate of 49%. For the non-affected patients, the model identified 66% of the patients with a false omission rate of 19%. An area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC-AUC) curve of 0.73 (95% CI, 0.71–0.74) was obtained, and the model suggests genes SOD2 and MGST3 as important in improving prediction over the clinical-only model with a ROC-AUC of 0.66 (95% CI, 0.65–0.66). Such prediction models may be used to allow earlier detection and prevention of hearing loss. We suggest a possible biological mechanism for cisplatin-induced hearing loss development. On confirmation in larger studies, such models can help balance treatment in clinical practice.
Enhanced Diclofenac Photomineralization under Solar Light Using Ce1−xZnxO2−x Solid Solution Catalysts: Synergistic Effect of Photoexcited Electrons and Oxygen Vacancies
Authors: Abbadi Meryem , Abega Aimé Victoire , Dantio Nguela Christian Brice , Laghzizil Abdelaziz , Robert Didier
Published: August 2023

The present work describes the synthesis, characterization, and photomineralization activity of synthesized Ce1−xZnxO2−x solid solution catalysts allowing the degradation of diclofenac as a model of anti-inflammatory medicines in water. The oxygen-deficient photocatalyst Ce1−xZnxO2−x (CeZnx), produced by mixing ZnO and CeO2, is characterized for its crystallographic parameters, specific surface area, and morphology. Photomineralization activity determination using TOC analysis shows efficient diclofenac photo-oxidation under sunlight. Moreover, the results indicate that the coexistence of Zn2+ and Ce4+ and the oxygen vacancies rate in CeZnx solid solution are key factors for strong drug mineralization. Ultimately, CeZn0.1, which is one of the photocatalysts synthesized in the present work, represents a cheap and efficient reagent for organic matter photomineralization in wastewater.
Adhesion GPCR Gpr126 (Adgrg6) Expression Profiling in Zebrafish, Mouse, and Human Kidney
Authors: Cazorla-Vázquez Salvador , Kösters Peter , Bertz Simone , Pfister Frederick , Daniel Christoph , Dedden Mark , Zundler Sebastian , Jobst-Schwan Tilman , Amann Kerstin , Engel Felix B.
Published: August 2023

Adhesion G protein-coupled receptors (aGPCRs) comprise the second-largest class of GPCRs, the most common target for approved pharmacological therapies. aGPCRs play an important role in development and disease and have recently been associated with the kidney. Several aGPCRs are expressed in the kidney and some aGPCRs are either required for kidney development or their expression level is altered in diseased kidneys. Yet, general aGPCR function and their physiological role in the kidney are poorly understood. Here, we characterize in detail Gpr126 (Adgrg6) expression based on RNAscope® technology in zebrafish, mice, and humans during kidney development in adults. Gpr126 expression is enriched in the epithelial linage during nephrogenesis and persists in the adult kidney in parietal epithelial cells, collecting ducts, and urothelium. Single-cell RNAseq analysis shows that gpr126 expression is detected in zebrafish in a distinct ionocyte sub-population. It is co-detected selectively with slc9a3.2, slc4a4a, and trpv6, known to be involved in apical acid secretion, buffering blood or intracellular pH, and to maintain high cytoplasmic Ca2+ concentration, respectively. Furthermore, gpr126-expressing cells were enriched in the expression of potassium transporter kcnj1a.1 and gcm2, which regulate the expression of a calcium sensor receptor. Notably, the expression patterns of Trpv6, Kcnj1a.1, and Gpr126 in mouse kidneys are highly similar. Collectively, our approach permits a detailed insight into the spatio-temporal expression of Gpr126 and provides a basis to elucidate a possible role of Gpr126 in kidney physiology.
Porous Ceramic ZnO Nanopowders: Features of Photoluminescence, Adsorption and Photocatalytic Properties
Authors: Gavrilova Marianna , Gavrilova Diana , Evstropiev Sergey , Shelemanov Andrey , Bagrov Igor
Published: August 2023

The grainy and porous ZnO powders were synthesized by thermal decomposition of zinc nitrate and polymer-salt method. The comparative study of the crystal structure, morphology, luminescence, adsorptive and photocatalytic properties of ZnO powders was carried out. The addition of PVP in initial aqueous solutions of zinc nitrate determines the remarkable change of powder morphology and decreases the average size of ZnO nanocrystals. Luminescence spectra in the visible spectral range indicate the significant difference of structural defects types in grainy and porous powders. Porous powders demonstrate high ability for singlet oxygen photogeneration and photocatalytic properties. The kinetics of diazo dye adsorption on both powders is described successfully by the kinetic equation of pseudo-second order. Kinetic dependencies of photocatalytic oxidation of Chicago Sky Blue diazo dye using as grain ZnO powder so as porous ZnO powders are described by the Langmuir–Hinshelwood model but process rates are different. Porous ZnO powder demonstrates strong ability for photogeneration of singlet oxygen under visible irradiation and high photocatalytic properties (rate constant 0.042 min−1).
Eco-Friendly Cement Mortar with Wastewater Treatment Plant Sludge Upcycling
Authors: Grabowski Thais Theomaris , Pietrobelli Juliana Martins Teixeira de Abreu , Martins Ramiro José Espinheira
Published: August 2023

This study aimed to investigate the technical feasibility of replacing cement in mortar production with sludge generated in wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs), prepared using different treatments. The sludge used in the experiments was processed using four different methods to investigate the effect of processing on the mechanical strength of the specimens. The sludge was then mixed with mortar in different proportions, and samples were produced for flexural and compressive strength tests. The results showed that specimens with 7% sludge from the burned treatment exhibited the highest resistance, surpassing the standard. Specimens with sludge from the drying treatments showed similar results. This study found that using sludge in mortar production could lead to energy savings compared to traditional cement production methods. Moreover, the incorporation of sludge resulted in mortars that met the specifications of the EN 998-1:2018 standard, thereby indicating their technical feasibility. Therefore, this study demonstrated the potential of using sludge from WWTPs as a substitute for cement in mortar production, which could contribute to the reduction in the environmental impacts caused by civil construction and the development of sustainable alternatives for the disposal of sludge generated in WWTPs.
Pulpectomy vs. Pulpotomy as Alternative Emergency Treatments for Symptomatic Irreversible Pulpitis—A Multicenter Comparative Randomised Clinical Trial on Patient Perceptions
Authors: Esteve-Pardo Guillem , Barreiro-Gabeiras Pedro , Esteve-Colomina Lino
Published: August 2023

Aim: There needs to be more general agreement on the most effective treatment for the emergency patient with Symptomatic Irreversible Pulpitis (SIP). This equivalence randomised clinical study compared the clinical efficiency, as an urgent treatment, of pulpotomy (POT) and pulpectomy (PEC) in the permanent teeth with SIP. The primary outcome was pain management, and the secondary outcome was the patient’s perception of duration, comfort, and satisfaction. Material & Methods: 80 patients were blindly and randomly allocated into two equal parallel groups, the control group treated by PEC and the test group by POT. Data were collected through numerical rating scales (NRS) during the intervention and 6, 24, and 72 h post-op. Non-parametric tests were used to analyse the data. The Brunner-Longer models were adopted for longitudinal data and the analysis of variance (ANOVA)-type statistical was used. Results: The mean preoperative pain levels for the whole sample scored 5.8 ± 2.8 and significantly decreased to 2.1 ± 2.4 at 6 h, 1.5 ± 2.1 at 24 h, and 1.3 ± 2 at 72 h, without any differences between the groups. No significant differences were found in the patient’s perception of treatment discomfort or duration between the groups. Three days after the intervention, patient satisfaction was high, with 9.2 ± 1.7 and 9.1 ± 2 in the PEC and POT groups, respectively. Self-reported pain was the only variable penalising the patient’s final satisfaction. Conclusions: The current randomised control trial (RCT) showed that both pulpectomy and pulpotomy effectively eliminate pain and achieve high levels of patient satisfaction. Furthermore, the patient’s perceptions of the duration and discomfort of the two treatments were similar. Given that pulpotomy is a faster and more straightforward technique, it may be recommended as a viable and pragmatic option for treating emergency patients with symptomatic irreversible pulpitis.
Adhesion Strength of Al, Cr, In, Mo, and W Metal Coatings Deposited on a Silicon–Carbon Film
Authors: Cherkashina Natalia Igorevna , Pavlenko Vyacheslav Ivanovich , Zaitsev Sergey Viktorovich , Gorodov Andrey Ivanovich , Domarev Semen Nikolayevich , Sidelnikov Roman Vladimirovich , Romanyuk Dmitry Sergeevich
Published: August 2023

For the first time, the possibility of creating a multilayer system metal (Al, Cr, In, Mo, and W) silicon–carbon coating was studied. A silicon–carbon film was synthesized from a polyorganosiloxane polymer containing an active Si–O siloxane group. Due to the use of furnace pyrolysis, in which the purge gas continuously removes the polymer thermal degradation products from the system, it was possible to reduce the film formation temperature to 300 °C. According to the energy dispersive analysis data, silicon–carbon film has the following composition: C—34.85 wt%, O—42.02 wt%, and Si—23.13 wt%. Metallic coatings of Al, Cr, In, Mo, and W on a silicon–carbon substrate were obtained by vacuum magnetron sputtering. The metallic coatings were evaluated by SEM as well as by X-ray phase analysis. The adhesion strength of metallic coatings to the silicon–carbon substrate was assessed by scratching under continuously increasing load with a Rockwell C Diamond Indenter. At the same time, the friction coefficient was recorded at the corresponding value of load on the indenter. The adhesive strength of metals with the silicon–carbon substrate increases in the sequence W, Mo, In, Al, and Cr.
Effect of Different Emulsifiers on the Preparation Process of Aloe-Emodin Microcapsules and Waterborne Coating Properties
Authors: Ding Tingting , Huang Nan , Yan Xiaoxing
Published: August 2023

Using microencapsulation technology and the natural antimicrobial properties of aloe-emodin, the antimicrobial microcapsules were prepared by in situ polymerization using urea-formaldehyde resin as the wall material and aloe-emodin as the core material. The antimicrobial microcapsules were mixed into waterborne coatings to improve the antimicrobial ability of waterborne paint films against bacteria for better protection of substrates. The purpose of this study was to optimize the preparation process of aloe-emodin antibacterial microcapsules. With the variety and concentration of emulsifiers as the changing factors, three different emulsifiers, namely sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate SDBS, OP-10, and Tween-80, were selected to explore the effects of emulsifier type and microcapsule loading on the physicochemical and the antibacterial properties of waterborne paint films, and the morphology, chemical composition, antibacterial properties, optical properties, and roughness of the paint films were tested and analyzed. The results showed that all the emulsifiers with 3.0% concentration in the microencapsulation preparation were better than 1.0%. The performance of the microencapsulated varnish films prepared with the addition of the three emulsifiers had advantages and disadvantages, with the highest antibacterial rates of 77.1%, 55.4%, and 65.9% for Escherichia coli and 70.0%, 63.9%, and 60.7% for Staphylococcus aureus, respectively. The antibacterial properties of the microencapsulated varnish film prepared by adding SDBS emulsifier were slightly above those of the other two groups. The three sets of paint films’ color differences rose, the gloss reduced, the rate of light loss increased, the rate of light transmission fell, and the roughness increased with an increase in microencapsulated content. Aloe-emodin microcapsules enable the water-based coating to have antibacterial properties, expanding the application range of water-based coatings.
Effect of External Fields on the Electronic and Optical Properties in ZnTe/CdSe and CdSe/ZnTe Spherical Quantum Dots
Authors: Toscano-Negrette Rafael G. , León-González José C. , Vinasco Juan A. , Morales Alvaro L. , Mora-Ramos Miguel E. , Duque Carlos A.
Published: August 2023

A theoretical analysis was conducted to examine the electronic and optical properties of a confined electron and a hole in a type-II core-shell spherical quantum dot composed of CdSe/ZnTe and ZnTe/CdSe. The Schrödinger equation for the electron and the hole was numerically solved using COMSOL-Multiphysics software in the 2D axisymmetric module, which employs the finite element method under the effective mass approximation. A Fortran code was utilized to calculate excitonic energy, specifically designed to solve the Coulomb integral. The calculations encompassed variations in the inner radius (R1), as well as variations in the electric (Fz) and magnetic (B) fields along the z-axis. The absorption coefficients were determined for transitions between the hole and electron ground states, considering z-polarized incident radiation. Including a magnetic field increases the transition energy, consequently causing the absorption peaks to shift toward the blue region of the spectrum. On the other hand, the electric field decreased the overlap of the electron and hole wavefunctions. As a result, the amplitude of the absorption peaks decreased with an increase in the electric field.
Performance and Stability of Improved Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) Clones in Demand Creation Trials in Nigeria
Authors: Ogwuche ThankGod Oche , Diebiru-Ojo Mercy Elohor , Najimu Adetoro , Ossai Chukwunalu Okolie , Ekanem Ukoabasi , Adegbite Bidemi , Oyebode Gideon , Kulakow Peter
Published: August 2023

Cassava fresh root yield and dry matter content constitute major determinants of demand by end-users. Increased demand for the seeds of improved varieties will facilitate the development of a sustainable seed system. However, for wide acceptability, there is a need to continuously evaluate candidate varieties for stability across different agroecological zones. Participatory Demand Creation Trials (DCTs) were established to evaluate cassava varieties with farmers and processors utilizing the best agronomic practices. The multi-year DCTs were conducted in 20 environments (7 locations) during the 2016–2017, 2017–2018, 2018–2019, and 2019/2020 cropping seasons with two replications. The plot sizes were 320 m2 with a spacing of 1 m × 0.8 m. The traits evaluated were Plant Vigor (PV), root number, fresh yield, dry yield, Dry Matter Content (DMC), and bundle estimation. The traits were subjected to a GGE biplot in R software to identify high-yielding and stable genotypes. Results obtained from the 20 environments showed that genotype (G), environment (E), and GXE interaction effects were significant (p < 0.01) for all the traits but PV. The heritability ranged from 56% (PV) to 96% (DMC). The average fresh yield t/ha ranged from 25.5 (IBA30572) to 35.4 (IBA980505). The DMC ranged from CR36/5 (36.1%) to IBA010040 (30.7%). The dry yield ranged from 8.8% (IBA30572) to 11.4 (IBA980505). Estimated bundles ranged from 13.5 (CR36-5) to 15.7 (IBA950289). Three varieties, IBA961632, TMEB419, and CR36/5, were identified as the most promising high dry matter content varieties for cassava processors and farmers in Nigeria, and genotype IBA961632 was the most stable. The study revealed greater genotypic effects than from the environment and high genetic advances.
A Computationally Efficient Multiscale, Multi-Phase Modeling Approach Based on CPFEM to Assess the Effect of Second Phase Particles on Mechanical Properties
Authors: Asgharzadeh Amir , Park Taejoon , Nazari Tiji Sobhan , Pourboghrat Farhang
Published: August 2023

Crystal plasticity finite element (CPFEM) modeling of metals that can be age hardened consisting of second phase particles is extensively performed based on representative volume element (RVE) models. The RVE model is generated for ferritic low-carbon steel using the data obtained from microstructural observation through optical microscopy (OM) and electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD). The generated RVE is required to statistically represent the original material in terms of grain topology and texture in microscale, as well as the configuration of second phase particles in submicron scale. The multiscale, multi-phase nature of the generated RVE leads to a computationally expensive modeling procedure. To overcome this issue, an alternative multiscale modeling approach based on a homogenization scheme is proposed, in which the effect of second phase particles on deformation behavior is accounted for with no need for the explicit presence of particles in RVE. Lastly, a thorough parametric analysis is performed to investigate the sensitivity of the mechanical properties to the second phase particles in terms of size, volume fraction, geometrical distribution, and deformable or non-deformable properties of precipitates in the investigated material. The results show that the proposed multiscale modeling approach successfully accounts for the effect of second phase particles on deformation behavior, while the computational cost is reduced by more than 99%. In addition, the simulations show that the configuration of second phase particles at a microscale plays an important role in defining the mechanical behavior of the material.
Effect of UV and IR Radiation on the Electrical Characteristics of Ga2O3/ZnGeP2 Hetero-Structures
Authors: Kalygina Vera , Podzyvalov Sergey , Yudin Nikolay , Slyunko Elena , Zinoviev Mikhail , Kuznetsov Vladimir , Lysenko Alexey , Kalsin Andrey , Kopiev Victor , Kushnarev Bogdan , Oleinik Vladimir , Baalbaki Houssain , Yunin Pavel
Published: August 2023

The data on electrical and photoelectric characteristics of Ga2O3/ZnGeP2 hetero-structures formed by RF magnetron sputtering Ga2O3 target with a purity of (99.99%) were obtained. The samples are sensitive to UV radiation with a wavelength of λ = 254 nm and are able to work offline as detectors of short-wave radiation. Structures with Ga2O3 film that was not annealed at 400 °C show weak sensitivity to long-wavelength radiation, including white light and near-IR (λ = 808 and 1064 nm). After annealing in an air environment (400 °C, 30 min), ZnGeP2 crystals in contact with Ga2O3 show n-type conductivity semiconductor properties, the sensitivity of Ga2O3/ZnGeP2 hetero-structures increases in the UV and IR ranges; the photovoltaic effect is preserved. Under λ = 254 nm illumination, the open-circuit voltage is fixed at positive potentials on the electrode to Ga2O3, the short-circuit current increases by three orders of magnitude, and the responsivity increases by an order of magnitude. The structures detect the photovoltaic effect in the near-IR range and are able to work offline (remotely) as detectors of long-wavelength radiation.
A Unit-Load Approach for Reliability-Based Design Optimization of Linear Structures under Random Loads and Boundary Conditions
Authors: Haupin Robert James , Hou Gene Jean-Win
Published: August 2023

The low order Taylor’s series expansion was employed in this study to estimate the reliability indices of the failure criteria for reliability-based design optimization of a linear static structure subjected to random loads and boundary conditions. By taking the advantage of the linear superposition principle, only a few analyses of the structure subjected to unit-loads are needed through the entire optimization process to produce acceptable results. Two structural examples are presented in this study to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach for reliability-based design optimization: one deals with a truss structure subjected to random multiple point constraints, and the other conducts shape design optimization of a plane stress problem subjected to random point loads. Both examples were formulated and solved by the finite element method. The first example used the penalty method to reformulate the multiple point constraints as external loads, while the second example introduced an approach to propagate the uncertainty linearly from the nodal displacement vector to the nodal von Mises stress vector. The final designs obtained from the reliability-based design optimization were validated through Monte Carlo simulation. This validation process was completed with only four unit-load analyses for the first example and two for the second example.
The Status of On-Board Hydrogen Storage in Fuel Cell Electric Vehicles
Authors: Gómez Julián A. , Santos Diogo M. F.
Published: August 2023

Hydrogen as an energy carrier could help decarbonize industrial, building, and transportation sectors, and be used in fuel cells to generate electricity, power, or heat. One of the numerous ways to solve the climate crisis is to make the vehicles on our roads as clean as possible. Fuel cell electric vehicles (FCEVs) have demonstrated a high potential in storing and converting chemical energy into electricity with zero carbon dioxide emissions. This review paper comprehensively assesses hydrogen’s potential as an innovative alternative for reducing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in transportation, particularly for on-board applications. To evaluate the industry’s current status and future challenges, the work analyses the technology behind FCEVs and hydrogen storage approaches for on-board applications, followed by a market review. It has been found that, to achieve long-range autonomy (over 500 km), FCEVs must be capable of storing 5–10 kg of hydrogen in compressed vessels at 700 bar, with Type IV vessels being the primary option in use. Carbon fiber is the most expensive component in vessel manufacturing, contributing to over 50% of the total cost. However, the cost of FCEV storage systems has considerably decreased, with current estimates around 15.7 $/kWh, and is predicted to drop to 8 $/kWh by 2030. In 2021, Toyota, Hyundai, Mercedes-Benz, and Honda were the major car brands offering FCEV technology globally. Although physical and chemical storage technologies are expected to be valuable to the hydrogen economy, compressed hydrogen storage remains the most advanced technology for on-board applications.
Generalized Polyspike Pattern in EEG Due to Aseptic Meningoencephalitis
Authors: Hobert Markus A. , Dargvainiene Justina , Margraf Nils G.
Published: August 2023

We report the electroencephalography (EEG) showing an intermittent generalized polyspike pattern in EEG due to an aseptic meningoencephalitis in a 71-year-old soporous patient. Initially, she presented with word-finding disturbances and later with generalized tonic–clonic seizures. The cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) showed pleocytosis of 99 leukocytes/μL (primarily neutrophils) and an increased protein level of 1240 mg/L (CSF/serum glucose ratio and lactate unremarkable). Pathogens and autoimmune antibodies in CSF were not found. Brain imaging was unremarkable. After antibiotic, antiviral and anticonvulsive therapy, the pattern in the EEG was no longer detectable. The patient was discharged to go home due to absence of any residues.