bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Aging Reduces ATP-Binding Cassette Transporter Expression in Brain Microvessels of Mice
Authors: Wada Yukiyo , Inoko Masaki , Ishihara Kanako , Fukumoto Karin , Tsurudome Yuya , Horiguchi Michiko , Fujimura Akio , Ushijima Kentaro
Published: January 2025

Background: ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters are expressed in the vascular walls of brain capillaries and remove toxic chemicals from the brain. The expression of ABC transporters in peripheral organs is transcriptionally regulated by clock genes and exhibits 24 h periodic fluctuations. In addition, clock gene outputs diminish with aging. In this study, we evaluated whether the expression of ABC transporters in the blood–brain barrier (BBB) of young mice had a 24 h cycle, and whether the expression of ABC transporters in the BBB decreased with age. Methods: Brain microvascular (BMV) fractions from the cerebral cortex of male C57BL/6J mice were prepared using dextran. BMV fractions from young mice (12 weeks old) were prepared every four hours to evaluate 24 h rhythmicity. BMV fractions from both young and aged mice (85 weeks old) were prepared when protein expression peaked (Zeitgeber Time 5). Protein and mRNA expression of ABC transporters in BMV fractions were measured. Results: In young mice, protein expression of P-glycoprotein, breast cancer resistance protein, and multidrug resistance protein 4 showed time-dependent variations with a peak in the light phase (Zeitgeber Time 5); mRNA expression showed no time-dependent variation. The protein expression of these transporters was lower in the BBB of aged mice than in that of young mice, although mRNA expression did not differ between young and aged mice. Conclusions: ABC transporter protein expression levels in BMV endothelial cells decreased with aging; however, mRNA levels did not change, which suggests changes in protein expression did not result from diminished clock gene output. Further studies are needed to elucidate the mechanisms by which ABC transporter expression in the BBB decreases with aging.
Investigating Potential Anti-Bacterial Natural Products Based on Ayurvedic Formulae Using Supervised Network Analysis and Machine Learning Approaches
Authors: Gao Pei , Nasution Ahmad Kamal , Ono Naoaki , Kanaya Shigehiko , Altaf-Ul-Amin Md.
Published: January 2025

Objectives: This study implements a multi-dimensional methodology to systematically identify potential natural antibiotics derived from the medicinal plants utilized in Ayurvedic practices. Methods: Two primary analytical techniques are employed to explore the antibiotic potential of the medicinal plants. The initial approach utilizes a supervised network analysis, which involves the application of distance measurement algorithms to scrutinize the interconnectivity and relational patterns within the network derived from Ayurvedic formulae. Results: 39 candidate plants with potential natural antibiotic properties were identified. The second approach leverages advanced machine learning techniques, particularly focusing on feature extraction and pattern recognition. This approach yielded a list of 32 plants exhibiting characteristics indicative of natural antibiotics. A key finding of this research is the identification of 17 plants that were consistently recognized by both analytical methods. These plants are well-documented in existing literature for their antibacterial properties, either directly or through their bioactive compounds, which suggests a strong validation of the study’s methodology. By synergizing network analysis with machine learning, this study provides a rigorous and multi-faceted examination of Ayurvedic medicinal plants, significantly contributing to the identification of natural antibiotic candidates. Conclusions: This research not only reinforces the potential of traditional medicine as a source for new therapeutics but also demonstrates the effectiveness of combining classical and contemporary analytical techniques to explore complex biological datasets.
Impact of Limited Irrigation on Fruit Quality and Ethylene Biosynthesis in Tomato: A Comprehensive Analysis of Physical, Biochemical, and Metabolomic Traits
Authors: Habibi Nasratullah , Terada Naoki , Sanada Atsushi , Kamata Atsushi , Koshio Kaihei
Published: January 2025

Water scarcity and climate change pose significant challenges to sustainable agriculture, emphasizing the need for optimized irrigation practices. This study evaluates the impact of limited irrigation (0.45 L/day per plant) compared to a control (0.87 L/day per plant) on tomato fruit quality and metabolic responses. Limited irrigation enhanced fruit flavor by reducing the pH from 4.2 to 3.4 and improved cellular integrity, with electrolyte leakage decreasing from 50% to 26%. Antioxidant levels increased, with the vitamin C content rising from 49 to 64 mg 100 g−1 FW, while glucose and fructose accumulation contributed to improved sweetness. Notably, limited irrigation suppressed ethylene biosynthesis, reducing methionine, ACC, ACO activity, and ethylene production, which are key regulators of ripening and senescence. This suppression suggests the potential for extending shelf life and delaying over-ripening. These findings underscore the dual benefits of limited irrigation: enhancing fruit quality and supporting sustainable water use. This research provides a viable strategy for optimizing tomato production and postharvest quality in water-limited regions.
Epoxy-Based Vitrimers for Sustainable Infrastructure: Emphasizing Recycling and Self-Healing Properties
Authors: Lee Myung Kue , Kim Min Ook , Lee Taehwi , Cho Sanghwan , Kim Dongchan , Chang Wonghil , Kwon Yongseok , Lee Seongkwan Mark , Kim Ju Kwang , Son Bong Cheol
Published: January 2025

Epoxy-based vitrimers represent a paradigm shift in material science, offering an unprecedented combination of mechanical robustness, environmental sustainability, and reconfigurability. These dynamic polymer systems utilize associative dynamic covalent bonds (DCBs) such as transesterification to blend the structural integrity of thermosets with the recyclability and self-healing properties of thermoplastics. This unique combination makes vitrimers ideal candidates for high-performance applications in industries such as civil engineering, where material durability, repairability, and environmental compatibility are critical. Epoxy-based vitrimers, in particular, exhibit exceptional self-healing capabilities, allowing them to autonomously repair microcracks and damage, restoring mechanical properties under appropriate stimuli such as heat or light. Their recyclability further aligns with global sustainability goals by reducing material waste and lifecycle costs. Recent advancements have also integrated bio-based feedstocks and scalable manufacturing methods, enhancing the feasibility of these materials for industrial applications. This review explores the underlying self-healing mechanisms, dynamic recycling processes, and the emerging role of epoxy-based vitrimers in civil engineering. Challenges related to scalability, mechanical optimization, and regulatory acceptance are also discussed, with a focus on their potential to drive sustainable innovation in infrastructure materials.
Exploring the Synergistic Effect of Short Aramid Fibers and Graphene Nanoplatelets on the Mechanical and Dynamic Mechanical Properties of Polypropylene Composites Prepared via Thin-Plate Injection
Authors: Carneiro Andressa Antunes , Pereira Iaci Miranda , Dias Rafael Rodrigues , Biron Dionisio da Silva , Ornaghi Júnior Heitor Luiz , Monticeli Francisco Maciel , Romanzini Daiane , Zattera Ademir José
Published: January 2025

The present study aims to evaluate thin plate-injected polypropylene (PP) composites containing short aramid fibers (AF) and graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs). The aramid fibers were manually cut to a length of 10 mm and added to the polypropylene matrix at a concentration of 10 wt.%. Additionally, GNPs were incorporated at concentrations of 0.1, 0.25, and 0.5 wt.%. Maleic anhydride grafted polypropylene (MAPP) was used at a concentration of 2 wt.% to improve the adhesion and compatibility between the polymer matrix and the fillers. Thermal analyses, tensile and flexural tests, and dynamic mechanical thermal analysis were performed, followed by statistical analysis using ANOVA and Tukey’s test. The composites demonstrated significant improvements in storage and loss moduli compared to neat polypropylene. With the addition of AF and GNPs, tensile strength increased to 46.8 MPa, which represents a 265% enhancement compared to PP. Similarly, flexural strength reached 62.4 MPa, significantly higher than the 36.73 MPa for PP, particularly for the composite containing AF and 0.25 wt.% GNPs. The results presented in this study highlight the synergistic effect of aramid fibers and GNPs on PP. These improvements make the proposed composites highly promising for a range of applications, including ballistic interlayered aramid/thin-plate laminates.
Biosensors for Detecting Food Contaminants—An Overview
Authors: Inês António , Cosme Fernanda
Published: January 2025

Food safety is a pressing global concern due to the risks posed by contaminants such as pesticide residues, heavy metals, allergens, mycotoxins, and pathogenic microorganisms. While accurate, traditional detection methods like ELISA, HPLC, and mass spectrometry are often time-consuming and resource-intensive, highlighting the need for innovative alternatives. Biosensors based on biological recognition elements such as enzymes, antibodies, and aptamers, offer fast, sensitive, and cost-effective solutions. Using transduction mechanisms like electrochemical, optical, piezoelectric, and thermal systems, biosensors provide versatile tools for detecting contaminants. Advances in DNAzyme- and aptamer-based technologies enable the precise detection of heavy metals, while enzyme- and protein-based biosensors monitor metal-induced changes in biological activity. Innovations like microbial biosensors and DNA-modified electrodes enhance detection accuracy. Biosensors are also highly effective in identifying pesticide residues, allergens, mycotoxins, and pathogens through immunological, enzymatic, and nucleic acid-based techniques. The integration of nanomaterials and bioelectronics has significantly improved the sensitivity and performance of biosensors. By facilitating real-time, on-site monitoring, these devices address the limitations of conventional methods to ensure food quality and regulatory compliance. This review highlights the transformative role of biosensors and how biosensors are improved by emerging technologies in food contamination detection, emphasizing their potential to mitigate public health risks and enhance food safety throughout the supply chain.
Emperor Wu of Liang’s Reinterpretation and Elevation of the Precepts as the Bodhisattva Ideal
Authors: Cho Yoon Kyung
Published: January 2025

This paper examines Emperor Wu of the Liang dynasty (r. 502–549) and his efforts to reform the Buddhist saṅgha through the establishment of the bodhisattva precepts and the proclamation of the Prohibition of Alcohol and Meat. Grounded in Mahāyāna Buddhist ideals, Emperor Wu sought to integrate religious and political authority, positioning himself as the “Emperor-Bodhisattva”. By analyzing the Ordination of the Bodhisattva Precepts for Monastics, which encouraged monks to voluntarily pursue bodhisattva ideals, and the “Abstinence from Alcohol and Meat”, which redefined meat-eating as an act of killing and imposed strict dietary regulations on all monastics, this study explores his shift from promoting voluntary adherence to enforcing these ideals through state power. Emperor Wu’s reforms aimed to dismantle the hierarchical structure within the existing monastic community and establish a morally impeccable Mahāyāna Buddhist society. The analysis also addresses how Emperor Wu’s criticisms of the śrāvaka precepts became more explicit over time, leading to their marginalization in favor of Mahāyāna interpretations of monastic discipline. Ultimately, this paper demonstrates that the rise of Mahāyāna Buddhism as a newly redefined identity and Emperor Wu’s integration of religious and political authority were ideologically interlocked forces in the historical context of the Liang dynasty.
Generalization Enhancement Strategies to Enable Cross-Year Cropland Mapping with Convolutional Neural Networks Trained Using Historical Samples
Authors: Khallaghi Sam , Abedi Rahebeh , Abou Ali Hanan , Alemohammad Hamed , Dziedzorm Asipunu Mary , Alatise Ismail , Ha Nguyen , Luo Boka , Mai Cat , Song Lei , Wussah Amos Olertey , Xiong Sitian , Yao Yao-Ting , Zhang Qi , Estes Lyndon D.
Published: January 2025

Mapping agricultural fields using high-resolution satellite imagery and deep learning (DL) models has advanced significantly, even in regions with small, irregularly shaped fields. However, effective DL models often require large, expensive labeled datasets, which are typically limited to specific years or regions. This restricts the ability to create annual maps needed for agricultural monitoring, as changes in farming practices and environmental conditions cause domain shifts between years and locations. To address this, we focused on improving model generalization without relying on yearly labels through a holistic approach that integrates several techniques, including an area-based loss function, Tversky-focal loss (TFL), data augmentation, and the use of regularization techniques like dropout. Photometric augmentations helped encode invariance to brightness changes but also increased the incidence of false positives. The best results were achieved by combining photometric augmentation, TFL, and Monte Carlo dropout, although dropout alone led to more false negatives. Input normalization also played a key role, with the best results obtained when normalization statistics were calculated locally (per chip) across all bands. Our U-Net-based workflow successfully generated multi-year crop maps over large areas, outperforming the base model without photometric augmentation or MC-dropout by 17 IoU points.
Urbanization Effect on Local Summer Climate in Arid Region City of Urumqi: A Numerical Case Study
Authors: Abulimiti Aerzuna , Liu Yongqiang , He Qing , Mamtimin Ali , Yao Junqiang , Zeng Yong , Abulikemu Abuduwaili
Published: January 2025

The urbanization effect (UE) on local or regional climate is a prominent research topic in the research field of urban climates. However, there is little research on the UE of Urumqi, a typical arid region city, concerning various climatic factors and their spatio–temporal characteristics. This study quantitatively investigates the UE of Urumqi on multiple climatic factors in summer based on a decade-long period of WRF–UCM (Weather Research and Forecasting model coupled with the Urban Canopy Model) simulation data. The findings reveal that the UE of Urumqi has resulted in a reduction in the diurnal temperature range (DTR) within the urban area by causing an increase in night-time minimum temperatures, with the maximum decrease reaching −2.5 °C. Additionally, the UE has also led to a decrease in the water vapor mixing ratio (WVMR) and relative humidity (RH) at 2 m, with the maximum reductions being 0.45 g kg−1 and −6.5%, respectively. Furthermore, the UE of Urumqi has led to an increase in planetary boundary layer height (PBLH), with a more pronounced effect in the central part of the city than in its surroundings, reaching a maximum increase of over 750 m at 19:00 Local Solar Time (LST, i.e., UTC + 6). The UE has also resulted in an increase in precipitation in the northern part of the city by up to 7.5 mm while inhibiting precipitation in the southern part by more than 6 mm. Moreover, the UE of Urumqi has enhanced precipitation both upstream and downstream of the city, with a maximum increase of 7.9 mm. The UE of Urumqi has also suppressed precipitation during summer mornings while enhancing it in summer afternoons. The UE has exerted certain influences on the aforementioned climatic factors, with the UE varying across different directions for each factor. Except for precipitation and PBLH, the UE on the remaining factors exhibit a greater magnitude in the northern region compared to the southern region of Urumqi.
A Robust Direction-of-Arrival (DOA) Estimator for Weak Targets Based on a Dimension-Reduced Matrix Filter with Deep Nulling and Multiple-Measurement-Vector Orthogonal Matching Pursuit
Authors: Wang Shoudong , Wang Haozhong , Bian Zhaoxiang , Chen Susu , Song Penghua , Su Bolin , Gao Wei
Published: January 2025

In the field of target localization, improving direction-of-arrival (DOA) estimation methods for weak targets in the context of strong interference remains a significant challenge. This paper presents a robust DOA estimator for localizing weak signals of interest in an environment with strong interfering sources that improve passive sonar DOA estimation. The presented estimator combines a multiple-measurement-vector orthogonal matching pursuit (MOMP) algorithm and a dimension-reduced matrix filter with deep nulling (DR-MFDN). Strong interfering sources are adaptively suppressed by employing the DR-MFDN, and the beam-space passband robustness is improved. In addition, Gaussian pre-whitening is used to prevent noise colorization. Simulations and experimental results demonstrate that the presented estimator outperforms a conventional estimator based on a dimension-reduced matrix filter with nulling (DR-MFN) and the multiple signal classification algorithm in terms of interference suppression and localization accuracy. Moreover, the presented estimator can effectively handle short snapshots, and it exhibits superior resolution by considering the signal sparsity.
Recent Advance and Application of Wearable Inertial Sensors in Motion Analysis
Authors: Gastaldi Laura , Digo Elisa
Published: January 2025

The rapid spread of Inertial Measurement Units (IMUs) has revolutionized human motion analysis, providing significant advantages over traditional systems [...]
Generating Seamless Three-Dimensional Maps by Integrating Low-Cost Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Imagery and Mobile Mapping System Data
Authors: Gholami Farkoushi Mohammad , Hong Seunghwan , Sohn Hong-Gyoo
Published: January 2025

This study introduces a new framework for combining calibrated mobile mapping system (MMS) data and low-cost unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) images to generate seamless, high-fidelity 3D urban maps. This approach addresses the limitations of single-source mapping, such as occlusions in aerial top views and insufficient vertical detail in ground-level data, by utilizing the complementary strengths of the two technologies. The proposed approach combines cloth simulation filtering for ground point extraction from MMS data with deep-learning-based segmentation (U²-Net) for feature extraction from UAV images. Street-view MMS images are projected onto a top-down viewpoint using inverse perspective mapping to align diverse datasets, and precise cross-view alignment is achieved using the LightGlue technique. The spatial accuracy of the 3D model was improved by integrating the matched features as ground control points into a structure from the motion pipeline. Validation using data from the campus of Yonsei University and the nearby urban area of Yeonhui-dong yielded notable accuracy gains and a root mean square error of 0.131 m. Geospatial analysis, infrastructure monitoring, and urban planning can benefit from this flexible and scalable method, which enhances 3D urban mapping capabilities.
An Intrusion Detection System over the IoT Data Streams Using eXplainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI)
Authors: Alabbadi Adel , Bajaber Fuad
Published: January 2025

The rise in intrusions on network and IoT systems has led to the development of artificial intelligence (AI) methodologies in intrusion detection systems (IDSs). However, traditional AI or machine learning (ML) methods can compromise accuracy due to the vast, diverse, and dynamic nature of the data generated. Moreover, many of these methods lack transparency, making it challenging for security professionals to make predictions. To address these challenges, this paper presents a novel IDS architecture that uses deep learning (DL)-based methodology along with eXplainable AI (XAI) techniques to create explainable models in network intrusion detection systems, empowering security analysts to use these models effectively. DL models are needed to train enormous amounts of data and produce promising results. Three different DL models, i.e., customized 1-D convolutional neural networks (1-D CNNs), deep neural networks (DNNs), and pre-trained model TabNet, are proposed. The experiments are performed on seven different datasets of TON_IOT. The CNN model for the network dataset achieves an impressive accuracy of 99.24%. Meanwhile, for the six different IoT datasets, in most of the datasets, the CNN and DNN achieve 100% accuracy, further validating the effectiveness of the proposed models. In all the datasets, the least-performing model is TabNet. Implementing the proposed method in real time requires an explanation of the predictions generated. Thus, the XAI methods are implemented to understand the essential features responsible for predicting the particular class.
Dual-Axis Solar Tracking System for Enhanced Photovoltaic Efficiency in Tropical Climates
Authors: Barrios-Sánchez Jorge Manuel , Tlapanco-Ríos Ernesto Isaac
Published: January 2025

This research focuses on the design and implementation of a movement strategy for a photovoltaic (PV) system, presented through four phases: First came the design of the mechanical part and the selection of geared motors with high torque and low power consumption, while having a solid mechanical structure that supports the panel. An open-loop control was selected using solar positioning equations, with the inputs defined as solar equations. The Intel Edison development board was chosen for programming the solar equations in Python. Two linear potentiometers served as sensing elements, where analog–digital characterization was conducted for each movement. The plant started with the static panel at a latitude of 7° south, oriented toward the equator, achieving a performance of 177.62 kWh. With the solar tracker, a performance of 232.38 kWh was obtained, resulting in an efficiency increase of 27%. Given the aim of enhancing PV efficiency through increased utilization, satisfactory results were achieved. Another advantage of the unit is that it is designed to support more than one panel.
Impact of Climate Change-Driven Droughts on the Concentration of Heavy Metals and Other Elements in Freshwater Cyanobacteria of the Genus Oscillatoriales in the Tatra Mountains
Authors: Tuchyňa Jakub , Haas Martina
Published: January 2025

Ongoing global warming and water regime disturbances have a major impact on the natural environment. Algae phytoremediation is one option to monitor environmental changes at an elemental level. In this study, we monitored heavy metals and other elements accumulated by the genus Oscillatoriales. This research was conducted at two sites in the foothills of the High Tatras between 2020 and 2023. Annual differences showed the impact of drought and lack of rainfall on the accumulation of elements in cyanobacteria. The results show how global warming affects the movement of heavy metals and other elements in the natural environment. The Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) showed very dry to extremely dry weather in 2022. The drought in 2022 induced a decrease in the concentration of Ti, Cr, Mn, Zn, Rb, Zr, Ba, and Pb due to low rock weathering and sediment distortion. The decrease in heavy metals, particularly Zn, resulted in an increase in S concentration due to increased biological activity. Principal component analysis (PCA) showed, in the first component, discharge depended on the accumulation of many elements. The third component of the PCA described the accumulation of S and K in an increased way during the same year, suggesting increased biological activity.
The Influence of Green Finance on “Dual Carbon” Goals: Analyzing the Functions of Government and Market
Authors: Zhang Meisha , Wu Yongfang , Su Hang
Published: January 2025

Building an ecologically sustainable civilization and promoting green development not only make up the new motive power for China’s economic growth but are also an inevitable choice for achieving the “Dual Carbon” goal. This paper draws on the results of China’s provincial panels from 2012 to 2021 and constructs a thorough assessment index system for green finance that includes five dimensions: standardized system, disclosure of information, policy incentives, products and market, international cooperation. The influence mechanism of green finance on the realization of the “Dual Carbon” goal is revealed based on both quantity and caliber perspectives of green technological innovation, and the governments’ and markets’ regulating roles are analyzed. The study’s findings imply that (1) green finance facilitates the achievement of the “Dual Carbon” goal; (2) green finance helps to achieve the “Dual Carbon” goal by boosting green technology innovation and, compared with strategic green innovation, the effect of substantive green innovation is more significant; and (3) government support and increased marketization can bolster green finance’s contribution to accomplishing the goal. This study not only theoretically breaks through the limitations of the existing green finance evaluation index but also expands the single “quantity” channel of the impact of green finance on carbon emissions to a more comprehensive “quantity” and “caliber” channel, and also provides countermeasures and guidelines for how to better play the “synergy” of the government and the market in the practice of green finance.
The Impact of Adaptive Learning Technologies, Personalized Feedback, and Interactive AI Tools on Student Engagement: The Moderating Role of Digital Literacy
Authors: Yaseen Husam , Mohammad Abdelaziz Saleh , Ashal Najwa , Abusaimeh Hesham , Ali Ahmad , Sharabati Abdel-Aziz Ahmad
Published: January 2025

Using adaptive learning technologies, personalized feedback, and interactive AI tools, this study investigates how these tools affect student engagement and what the mediating role of individuals’ digital literacy is at the same time. The study will target 500 students from different faculties such as science, engineering, humanities, and social sciences. With the changing trends in educational technology, it is important to know if these tools allow students to interact with learning materials. Through this study, we explore how adaptive learning technologies, which adapt content to students’ progress, are influenced by student motivation and participation during the learning process using AI tools that provide real-time feedback and interaction. Also, digital literacy is presented as a moderating factor that may either accelerate or impede the effectiveness of these tools. These findings demonstrate that more adaptive learning technologies, which have organized feedback, and interactive AI tools help improve student engagement. Additionally, students with higher levels of digital literacy are more involved with digital tools. This research recognizes that teachers should incorporate these technologies into their courses in such a manner as it synergizes with student’s digital capabilities to reap the benefits of technology on students’ engagement and learning outcomes.
Internet Use, Social Capital, and Farmers’ Green Production Behavior: Evidence from Agricultural Cooperatives in China
Authors: Wang Jingjing , Xu Jiabin , Chen Silin
Published: January 2025

Agricultural cooperatives are the main vehicle for farmers to engage in green agriculture. With the digital transformation in rural areas, it is crucial to explore how cooperative members can effectively access online information and integrate it into green production decision-making processes. Based on the survey data of 530 members of rice planting cooperatives in Heilongjiang Province in China, this paper selected eight green production behaviors commonly used by rice farmers as explained variables, and constructed an ordered probit model. Using the social capital theory, the impact and mechanism of internet use on cooperative members’ green production behavior were examined. The results showed the following: (1) Internet use facilitates the cooperative members’ green production behavior. This conclusion remains valid even after addressing the endogeneity test and robustness test. (2) The heterogeneity analysis revealed that the internet is particularly effective in enhancing the green production behaviors of farmers who are less educated, middle-aged, and those with strong connections to cooperatives. (3) A further mechanism test indicates that internet use not only significantly influences farmers’ trust in cooperatives but also aids them in comprehending the cooperative’s production specifications, thereby further advancing the improvement in green production behaviors. (4) Members’ satisfaction with cooperative sales can serve as a substitute for the internet in influencing their green production behavior.
Exploring Advancements in Bio-Based Composites for Thermal Insulation: A Systematic Review
Authors: Pawłosik Daria , Cebrat Krzysztof , Brzezicki Marcin
Published: January 2025

The growing need to mitigate the environmental impact of human activities has underscored the importance of biomaterials in sustainable architecture and construction. In this systematic review, advancements in bio-composite materials are consolidated and critically evaluated, emphasizing their thermal insulation properties and broader applications in sustainable building practices. Key aspects analyzed included morphology, internal structure, and thermal performance, along with supplementary insights into mechanical properties when available. The review focused on studies published between January and October 2024, sourced from the Scopus database and adhering to PRISMA guidelines. A keyword meta-analysis using VOSviewer (version 1.6.20) illustrated keyword co-occurrence trends. Methods for assessing bias included evaluating study design, data collection processes, and potential conflicts of interest, aligned with PRISMA standards. Significant findings revealed bio-composites achieving thermal conductivity values as low as 0.016 W/m·K, surpassing many traditional materials in insulation performance. Data from 48 studies, analysing 50 bio-composite materials, showed that 44% were optimized for thermal insulation and 40% for sub-structural applications. These materials also exhibit biodegradability and recyclability, critical attributes for sustainable construction. However, challenges such as scalability and durability remain as the key barriers to widespread adoption. In this review, the viability of bio-composites as sustainable alternatives to traditional materials is highlighted and research priorities are identified, particularly in scaling production technologies and enhancing durability testing methods, to advance their application in sustainable building practices.
Optimizing Water Conservation in South Africa’s Arid and Semi-Arid Regions Through the Cultivation of Indigenous Climate-Resilient Food Crops
Authors: Msweli Nomzamo Sharon , Agholor Isaac Azikiwe , Morepje Mishal Trevor , Sithole Moses Zakhele , Nkambule Tapelo Blessing , Thabane Variety Nkateko , Mgwenya Lethu Inneth , Nkosi Nombuso Precious
Published: January 2025

The semi-arid and dry regions of South Africa experience shortages of water resources, which poses major challenges to livelihoods exacerbated by climate change. Despite the importance of indigenous food crops in optimizing water conservation, limited research has been conducted on effective strategies for promoting indigenous crops. This paper explores the potential of indigenous crops in optimizing water conservation in South Africa. This review paper adhered to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses checklist to ensure transparency, rigor, and reproducibility. A comprehensive literature search was conducted across several databases, including Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar. This review found that indigenous crops, such as sorghum and cowpeas, have innate traits that enable them to flourish in environments where water resources are limited. According to the findings of this study, these indigenous crops are resilient to drought and optimize water use efficiency. This review recommends the creation of a national database for indigenous climate-resilient food crops, which can act as an information hub for research and development. In maximizing the water use efficiency of indigenous crops, sustainable water management techniques remain critical. The results of this study have important implications for sustainable agriculture and water conservation in South Africa.
Electoral Districts in Chile: Optimizing Socio-Economic Homogeneity and Demographic Balance
Authors: Rebolledo Rodrigo , Reinoso Maykol , Cornejo Óscar , Obreque Carlos , Baesler Felipe
Published: January 2025

This article addresses the problem of unequal representation in Chile, where the current districting does not effectively consider its socio-economic diversity. An innovative methodology is proposed that uses the socio-economic dissimilarity distance (SED) obtained using a cluster analysis to create more homogeneous electoral districts. This SED is incorporated into a mathematical programming model for (re)districting and seat allocation, taking into account criteria such as the demographic balance, contiguity and compactness. The application of this methodology in the Santiago Metropolitan Region shows a significant improvement in both the socio-economic homogeneity and demographic balance of the districts. This research has relevant implications for electoral justice in Chile, as it proposes a way to improve the representativeness and ensure that the needs of each social group are reflected in the decision-making process.
Recombination Between Bubaline Alphaherpesvirus 1 and Bovine Alphaherpesvirus 1 as a Possible Origin of Bovine Alphaherpesvirus 5
Authors: Paredes-Galarza Bruna S. , Campos Fabrício S. , Oliveira Martha T. , Prandi Bruno A. , de Souza Ueric J. B. , Junqueira Dennis M. , Martin Darren P. , Spilki Fernando R. , Franco Ana C. , Roehe Paulo M.
Published: January 2025

Bovine alphaherpesvirus 1 (BoAHV1) is prevalent in cattle throughout the world, whereas bovine alphaherpesvirus 5 (BoAHV5) prevalence seems restricted to some countries in South America, Australia, and other regions, mainly in the Southern Hemisphere. BoAHV5 infections occur where water buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) farming is practiced, often close to cattle (Bos taurus) farms. Bubaline alphaherpesvirus 1 (BuAHV1), a virus whose natural host is believed to be the water buffaloes, usually causes asymptomatic infections in that species. Here, evidence is provided confirming the close relationship between BuAHV1 and BoAHV5. Phylogenetic and recombination analyses were used to reveal the evolutionary relationship between all whole-genome sequences of BoAHV1 (n = 52), BoAHV5 (n = 7), and BuAHV1 (n = 6) available to date. It is proposed here that BoAHV5 most likely resulted from multiple recombination events between a BuAHV1-like ancestor and BoAHV1-like viruses. The BoAHV5 whole unique short (US) region and most of the unique long (UL) genomic regions seem to have been derived from a BuAHV1-like parental genome, whereas at least six small segments of the UL (corresponding to nucleotides 8287 to 8624; 10,658 to 14,496; 48,013 to 48,269; 71,379 to 71,927; 81,426 to 85,003; and 94,012 to 96,841 of the BoAHV5 genome) and two small segments of the US (corresponding to nucleotides 107,039 to 107,581 and 131,267 to 131,810) have been derived from a BoAHV1-like parental genome. The hypothesis that the BoAHV5 species may have originated following a series of recombination events between BuAHV1 and BoAHV1 variants is consistent with the geographical distribution of BoAHV5, which seems to be prevalent in the regions where cattle and water buffalo farming overlap.
Field Testing of an Affordable Zero-Liquid-Discharge Arsenic-Removal Technology for a Small-Community Drinking Water System in Rural California
Authors: Bandaru Siva R. S. , Smesrud Logan , Majmudar Jay , Hernandez Dana , Wickliff Paris , Tseng Winston , Gadgil Ashok
Published: January 2025

Arsenic contamination in groundwater threatens public health, particularly in small, low-income communities lacking affordable treatment solutions. This study investigated the field implementation of novel air cathode assisted iron electrocoagulation (ACAIE) technology for arsenic removal in Allensworth, California, where groundwater arsenic concentrations exceeded 250 µg/L. Over four months, a pilot-scale ACAIE system, operating at 600 L/h, consistently reduced arsenic levels to below the EPA’s maximum contaminant level of 10 µg/L. Laboratory experiments informed the optimization of charge dosage and flow rates, which were validated during field testing of the ACAIE 600 L/h system. The in-situ generation of hydrogen peroxide at the cathode speeded up the reaction kinetics, ensuring high arsenic removal efficiency while allowing high throughput, even with a compact reactor size. An economic analysis demonstrated a treatment cost of USD 0.02/L excluding labor, highlighting the system’s affordability compared to conventional methods. Adding labor costs increased the treatment cost to USD 0.09/L. The regeneration of air cathodes extended their operational life, addressing a key maintenance challenge, thus reducing the costs slightly. Intermittent challenges were encountered with filtration and secondary contaminant removal; these issues highlight opportunities for further operational improvements. Despite these challenges, ACAIE’s low operational complexity, scalability, and cost-effectiveness make it a promising solution for underserved small communities. These findings provide critical insights into deploying sustainable arsenic remediation technologies that are tailored to the needs of rural, low-resource communities.
Beyond Water Surface Profiles: A New Iterative Methodology for 2D Model Calibration in Rivers Using Velocity Data from Multiple Cross-Sections
Authors: Rivera-Trejo Fabian , Soto-Cortes Gabriel , Konsoer Kory M. , Langendoen Eddy J. , Priego-Hernandez Gaston
Published: January 2025

Observed longitudinal water-surface profiles are commonly used to calibrate river hydrodynamic models, relying on assumptions of lateral uniformity in water surface elevation and velocity distribution. While suitable for 1D models, this approach has limitations in regard to 2D model calibration. When 2D flow measurements are available, a more robust quantitative evaluation is necessary to assess model accuracy. This study introduces a novel methodology to improve 2D model calibration and evaluate performance. High-resolution bathymetric and hydrodynamic data collected with a multibeam echosounder (MBES) and acoustic Doppler current profiler (ADCP) were aligned to compare observed and simulated flow velocities at matching spatial locations. Statistical metrics, including relative mean absolute error and root-mean-square error, were employed to assess hydrodynamic modeling. The methodology was tested using MBES and ADCP measurements alongside TELEMAC-2D simulations of a dynamic neck cutoff on the White River, Arkansas, USA. This approach provides a 2D calibration process, enhancing model accuracy and informing parameter selection, such as channel boundary roughness and downstream boundary water surface elevation.
Empoderamento, trajetória e mudança de pessoas com Usos Prejudiciais de Substâncias em musicoterapia
Authors: Vilero Ariádne Gomes , Ferreira Ana Clara Ramos , Pedrosa Frederico Gonçalves
Published: January 2025

Este estudo investigou os efeitos das sessões de musicoterapia no Centro de Referência em Saúde Mental - Álcool e Drogas em Belo Horizonte/MG, utilizando métodos mistos. A análise quantitativa revelou uma participação média de sete indivíduos por sessão, no entanto, a frequência de participação não foi um preditor significativo dos efeitos percebidos da musicoterapia. A idade avançada e o sexo masculino foram associados a menores percepções dos benefícios. A análise intraindividual, por outro lado, confirmou a presença de mudanças confiáveis entre os participantes, bem como conseguiu explicar uma parte relevante de suas trajetórias psicológicas. A análise qualitativa identificou temas principais que versaram sobre empoderamento psicológico e comunitário bem como interação entre participantes. Os resultados levantam evidências da eficácia da musicoterapia em promover mudanças confiáveis e empoderamento em indivíduos com Uso Prejudiciais de Substâncias.
Kition de Chypre : du royaume phénicien à la cité hellénistique
Authors: Cannavò Anna
Published: January 2025

A Cypriot kingdom of Phoenician language and culture during the classical period, Kition joined the Lagid possessions in the 3rd century BC, together with the whole island of Cyprus. Political changes were accompanied by urban developments, the Phoenician language gives way to Greek, and new cultural institutions (gymnasium, theatre) appear. Epigraphy and to a lesser extent archaeology keep traces of these transformations and their actors—the foreign military hierarchies, but also the local elites, whose role in the process of Hellenization of the city remains to be appreciated.
Éviter la réquisition militaire ou une menace surnaturelle ? À propos d’un contrat démotique inédit entre un Égyptien et un Grec (P. Carlsberg 471, 251 av. J.-C.)
Authors: Chauveau Michel
Published: January 2025

Présentation, traduction et interprétation d’un contrat démotique inédit, daté d’avril-mai 251 av. J.-C., conclu entre un Égyptien de souche, employé d’un temple de la déesse Thouèris, et un Grec «né en Égypte», nommé Stéphanos fils de Xénon. Ce dernier s’engage à garder une maison appartenant au premier et sise à Crocodilopolis-Arsinoè, la métropole du Fayoum, jusqu’au moment où le propriétaire lui signifiera sa volonté de récupérer l’usage de son bien, lui laissant un délai de cinq jours pour quitter les lieux. L’absence d’un terme de bail précis, ainsi que d’une quelconque compensation financière, pose problème. Le caractère unique de ce contrat de gardiennage doit être lié à la différence de statut socio-ethnique des deux partenaires. Deux possibilités peuvent être envisagées : un stratagème permettant d’éviter la réquisition du logis au moment où s’installent dans la région de nombreux soldats démobilisés après la deuxième Guerre de Syrie, ou bien un moyen ethno-culturel de neutraliser un péril lié à une superstition locale.
Corpusul descoperirilor arheobotanice neo-eneolitice din sud-estul României / Corpus of Neo-Eneolithic archaeobotanical finds from south-eastern Romania
Authors: Golea Mihaela
Published: January 2025

Studii arheobotanice (antracologice, carpologice, polinice) au fost efectuate încă de la sfârșitul secolului al XIX‑lea în vestul Europei. Astfel de analize aduc informații vitale cu privire la creșterea plantelor domestice și la preferințele culinare ale comunităților din trecut, la identificarea materialelor de construcție utilizate, cât și la evoluția vegetației naturale în timp. Din nefericire, în spațiul românesc, analize de acest gen lipsesc din interpretarea arheologică mai veche, deși rezultatele studiilor arheozoologice erau cunoscute și utilizate. Această situație s‑a schimbat însă în ultimii 50 de ani, odată cu publicarea unui număr mare de articole de specialitate, în special palinologice, și ulterior a unor monografii. Principalii beneficiari au fost epocile preistorică și antică. Prin această contribuție se dorește trecerea în revistă și actualizarea datelor arheobotanice publicate de‑a lungul timpului, pentru perioada neo‑eneolitică din sud‑estul României, aparținând majoritar culturilor arheologice Boian și Gumelnița. Informațiile provin din 25 de situri arheologice din această perioadă, însumând 213 probe analizate.
La querelle de l’évêché de Liège (920-921). Les enjeux lotharingiens de la destitution de l’évêque Hilduin
Authors: Rozein Matthias
Published: January 2025

Tijdens de ruzie die het bisdom Luik trof in de maanden na de dood van bisschop Stefanus († 920), stonden de Karolingische koning Karel de Eenvoudige, die de abt Richarius steunde als kandidaat voor de bisschopszetel, en de Lotharingische edelman Giselbert, die de Luikse geestelijke Hilduinus steunde, tegenover elkaar. Volgens een gevestigde historiografische traditie had deze laatste de steun gekregen van de Oost-Frankische koning Hendrik i. Voor veel historici wordt de ruzie om het bisdom Luik dan ook voorgesteld als de eerste poging van de Oost-Frankische koning om Lotharingen in zijn invloedssfeer op te nemen. Een nieuwe beoordeling van de bronnen suggereert echter een andere interpretatie van de strategische dimensies van het conflict : het accent wordt verlegd naar het onafhankelijkheidsstreven van de Lotharingers onder leiding van Giselbert. Het begin van de ruzie zou niet teruggaan tot de dood van bisschop Stefanus. De actieve inmenging van koning Hendrik lijkt ook onbeduidend.
The Mountebank Johannes Michael Philo (fl. 1667-1677) and his Dutch Relatives
Authors: Vander Motten Jean-Pierre
Published: January 2025

Cette contribution est une tentative de reconstruction partielle, basée sur des documents d’archives inédits, d’un certain nombre de faits de la vie de Johan Michael Philo (ca. 1667-1677), un charlatan itinérant qui, à partir du milieu des années 1660, conjointement avec une compagnie d’artistes non encore identifiés, vendait ses remèdes en Angleterre et en Écosse. Les mêmes sources indiquent que, par son mariage, Philo était lié à une famille néerlandaise de funambules dirigée par Paulus Rijmers et Maria Sasbout, un couple d''artistes entreprenants. Les deux parties semblent avoir travaillé ensemble pendant plusieurs années. Alors que, lors de ses voyages, Philo utilisait la compagnie de funambules de Rijmers pour attirer les foules autour de ses spectacles, les Rijmers semblent avoir été fortement intéressés par la fabrication et la vente de médicaments, le domaine d''expertise de Philo. Tant Philo, en tant que praticien de la profession «médicale», que les Rijmers, gens de théâtre chevronnés, ont sans aucun doute reconnu les avantages financiers et artistiques d’une telle coopération mutuelle.
Pieter Pourbus’ Map of the Liberty of Bruges (1561-1571). An Overview of the State of Research
Authors: Trachet Jan
Published: January 2025

This paper aims to bring a state of the art of the research into Pieter Pourbus’ painted map of the Liberty of Bruges. The often-alleged ‘unicity’ of the map is taken as a starting point to explore the state of research about this map. First, we try to reconstruct a so-called ‘travelogue’ and examine how the map and its copy were transmitted over the ages. Next, an overview of the main researchers and the prevailing perspectives is followed by the question if and why the map has received relatively little academic attention so far. Further, we analyse the way Pourbus’ map of the Liberty and his cartographic oeuvre at large, was rooted in both 16th-century pictorial art and land surveying, after which we problematize modern classifications of 16th-century mapmaking. Finally, we provide a summary of all the technical aspects of Pourbus’ map of the Liberty of Bruges and combine this with the proposition of a new research agenda with specific research questions.