bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of a hypervariable octameric oligonucleotide fingerprints assay for identification of and discrimination between wild-type and vaccine strains of Brucella melitensis
Authors: Tang Lijuan , Liu Jun , Wang Yuanzhi , Zhang Hui , Chen Chuangfu
Published: March 2017

OBJECTIVE To evaluate a hypervariable octameric oligonucleotide fingerprints (HOOF-Prints) assay for identification of and discrimination between wild-type and vaccine strains of Brucella melitensis.

SAMPLE Brucella melitensis vaccine strain M5 and wild-type strain M43.

PROCEDURES 8 pairs of primers (alterable, octameric nucleotides) were designed on the basis of a biological analysis of 8 flanking sequences in the DNA of B melitensis. The HOOF-Prints technique was used to identify wild-type and vaccine strains of B melitensis. Phylogenetic analysis of short, polymorphic fragments of DNA from B melitensis strains M5 and M43 was performed.

RESULTS Variable-number tandem repeat DNA segments of B melitensis vaccine strain M5 and wild-type strain M43 were successfully amplified by means of PCR assay. All target gene fragments ranged in size from 100 to 300 bp. Separate phylogenetic analysis of each Brucella strain revealed considerable differences between the vaccine and wild-type strains.

CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE The results of this study suggested the HOOF-Prints assay may be useful for discriminating vaccine strains of B melitensis from wild-type strains. This ability could allow discrimination between animals that are seropositive because of vaccination against B melitensis and those that are seropositive because of B melitensis infection and could decrease the likelihood of importing Brucella-infected animals.
Can rural livelihood be improved in Nepal through community forestry?
Authors: Kanel Keshav Raj , Niraula Durga Raj
Published: March 2017

Abstract on PDF
Time frame for the reclamation of decraded forest sites
Authors: Malla M.B. , Baral S.R. , Howell J.H.
Published: March 2017

Abstract on PDF
Die-back of Dalbergia sissoo plantation in Saptari and Rupandehi districts, Nepal
Authors: Thapa H.B. , Gautam S.K.
Published: March 2017

Abstract at PDF
Assessment of tree resources outside forests: a lesson from Tanzania
Authors: Giri Navin
Published: March 2017

Abstract from PDF
Forestry Sector and GDP
Authors: Editor The
Published: March 2017

No Abstract
Status and distribution of Cheer pheasant in Dhorpatan Hunting Reserve, Nepal
Authors: Subedi Poorneshwor , Shrestha Suresh Kumar , Baral Hem Sagar , Garson Peter J. , Ramesh K.
Published: March 2017

Abstract on PDF
Early Survival and growth of three fodder trees in the mid-hill farmlands of Nepal
Authors: Malla M.B.
Published: March 2017

Abstract on PDF
Assessing community forests' condition using variables recommended by local people: a case of Kaski district, Nepal
Authors: Pakharel Ridish
Published: March 2017

Abstract on PDF
Assessing city beautification with plants: the Kathmandu perspective
Authors: Baral Sushim Ranjan , Kurmi Puran P.
Published: March 2017

Abstract on PDF
Effect of Replacement of Fish Meal by Soybean Meal on Growth of Oreochromis niloticus (Linné, 1758) Juvenile under High Temperature Treatment for Masculinization
Authors: Boussou Charles Koffi , Aliko Gustave Nguessan , Yoboué Nicole Ahou , Konan Félix Koffi , Ouattara Mamadou , Gourène Germain
Published: March 2017

Two experiments were conducted consecutively in triplicates to evaluate and compare the impact of different feeds on survival rate and growth performances of Oreochromis niloticus larvae during both the heat treatment for thermal masculinization and the subsequent juvenile stage. A commercial feed containing fishmeal with 32.38% crude protein (CFA) and an experimental feed with 25.48% crude protein (EFB) where fish-meal was entirely replaced by soybean meal were tested. In the first experiment, larvae of about 4 days post-hatch were reared for 21 days at a temperature of 36°C and the second has consisted in testing at ambient temperature the performances of these feeds on the previous fry for 70-72 days. Fish were fed four times a day ad libitum.Results showed that there were no significant differences between growth performances (survival rate, final body weight, daily weight gain and specific growth rate) of larvae bred in hot water and nourished with feed containing fishmeal (CFA) or feed containing soybean (EFB) as protein source. However, better results were obtained with control batches bred at ambient temperature and fed with feed CFA or EFB. Post-larval rearing of previously heated fry showed that feed containing fishmeal has similar growth performances as feed containing soybean. Then, soybean meal can replace successfully fish-meal in diet of larvae during heating treatment for masculinization and also for the post-larval rearing of fry. Int. J. Appl. Sci. Biotechnol. Vol 5(1): 30-36
Feeding Efficiency of Green Lacewing, Chrysoperla carnea (Stephens) against Different Species of Aphid in Laboratory Conditions
Authors: Rana Lok Bahadur , Mainali Ram Prasad , Regmi Homan , RajBhandari Binayak Prasad
Published: March 2017

Green lacewing, Chrysoperla carnea Stephens (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae) is the most effective polyphagous predator of different species of aphids and is commonly known as “aphid lion” . The experiment on feeding efficiency of green lacewing was studied in the laboratory of Entomology Division, NARC, Khumaltar, Lalitpur, Nepal from 21st , December 2015 to 26th, March 2016. The known number of predatory larva of green lacewings were fed with known number of seven different species of live aphid and frozen Corcyra eggs representing each treatment. The treatments were replicated four times. The predatory efficiency was calculated by counting the number of consumed host per day. The result revealed that the predatory efficiency of C. carnea larvae were increased from first to third instar and third instar were more voracious as compare to first two instars. It consumed significantly the highest rice moth, Corcyra cephalonica followed by Aphis craccivora and others aphid species, respectively. From this experiment, it is evident that the green lacewing is potent bio-agent against different aphid species and hence further research is required simultaneously in the farmer’s field conditions.Int. J. Appl. Sci. Biotechnol. Vol 5(1): 37-41
Yield and Grain Protein Content of Aromatic Boro Rice (cv. BRRI dhan50) as Influenced by Integrated Fertilizer and Weed Management
Authors: Roy P. , Sarkar M.A.R. , Paul S.K.
Published: March 2017

An experiment was conducted at the Agronomy Field Laboratory, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh during December 2014 to May 2015 to study the effect of integrated fertilizer and weed management on the yield and gain protein content of aromatic Boro rice (cv. BRRI dhan50). The experiment comprised six sets of fertilizer managements. 1. Negative control having no fertilizers and no manures, 2. Recommended dose of inorganic fertilizers (i.e. Urea, TSP, MoP, Gypsum, ZnSO4 @ 250, 120, 120, 100, 10 kg ha-1, respectively), 3. 50% of recommended dose of inorganic fertilizers + cowdung @ 5 t ha-1, 4. 75% of recommended dose of inorganic fertilizers + cowdung @ 5 t ha-1, 5. 50% of recommended dose of inorganic fertilizers + poultry manure @ 2.5 t ha-1, 6. 75% of recommended dose of inorganic fertilizers + poultry manure @ 2.5 t ha-1.  Four weed managements 1. Control (no weeding), pre-emergence herbicide, 2. Panida 33 EC + one hand weeding at 35 DAT, 3. Post-emergence herbicide, Granite 240 SC + one hand weeding at 35 DAT and 4. Pre-emergence herbicide, Panida 33 EC + post-emergence herbicide, Granite 240 SC. The highest grain yield (6.40 t ha-1), grain protein content (7.79%) and benefit cost ratio (2.20) were obtained from 75% of recommended dose of inorganic fertilizers + poultry manure @ 2.5 t ha-1 with pre-emergence herbicide, Panida 33 EC @ 2.5 l ha-1 + post-emergence herbicide, Granite 240 SC @ 93.70 ml ha-1 while their corresponding lowest values were found inweedy check without fertilization. Weed infestation reduced 58.28% grain yield in control plots due to crop-weed competition compared to plot receiving pre-emergence herbicide + post-emergence herbicide. It can be concluded that 75% of recommended dose of inorganic fertilizers + poultry manure @ 2.5 t ha-1 combined with pre-emergence herbicide, Panida 33 EC @ 2.5 l ha-1 + post-emergence herbicide, Granite 240 SC @ 93.70 ml ha-1 may be used to obtain the highest grain yield and grain protein content of aromatic Boro rice (cv. BRRI dhan50).Int. J. Appl. Sci. Biotechnol. Vol 5(1): 51-58
Source of resistant against Fusarium wilt and Stemphylium blight in lentil (Lens culinaris Medikus)
Authors: Yadav N.K. , Ghimire S.K. , Shrestha S.M. , Sah B.P. , Sarker A. , Sah S.K.
Published: March 2017

The crop yield of lentil is below attainable levels which are mainly attributed to pathological factors especially lentil wilt caused by Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. lentis and Stemphylium blight caused by Stemphylium botryosum .Fusarium wilt is a potential threat to letil production not only in Nepal but worldwide that can cause complete crop failure. While stemphylium blight is recently being serious problem to Bangladesh, Nepal and India. In Nepal, multiple disease resistance work was not reported in lentil before the present study. Two trials separately using 185 genotypes were conducted to study the wilt and stem phylium blight were conducted. For wilt screening one hundred eighty five lentil lines including resistant check ILL7164 and susceptible check sindur, were sown in a previously developed wilt sick bed, while for stem phylium blight serarate trial was conducted in the research area of Regional Agricultural Research Station Nepalgunj using augmented design. Natural inoculums were also relied upon. Disease severity data were recorded. Results revealed that incase of Fusarium wilt sixteen genotypes were found resistant and twenty-three moderately resistant while in case of Stemphylium blight 87 resistant and 36 moderately resistant in field condition. It also indicated that 9 genotypes i.e RL-13,RL-21,ILL6468,ILL9996,\ILL6024,ILL6811,ILL7164,Arun,Maheswar bharti showed combined resistant to both the diseases.Int. J. Appl. Sci. Biotechnol. Vol 5(1): 102-107
Enzymes as Tools in MIP-Sensors
Authors: Yarman Aysu , Jetzschmann Katharina , Neumann Bettina , Zhang Xiaorong , Wollenberger Ulla , Cordin Aude , Haupt Karsten , Scheller Frieder
Published: March 2017

Molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) have the potential to complement antibodies in bioanalysis, are more stable under harsh conditions, and are potentially cheaper to produce. However, the affinity and especially the selectivity of MIPs are in general lower than those of their biological pendants. Enzymes are useful tools for the preparation of MIPs for both low and high-molecular weight targets: As a green alternative to the well-established methods of chemical polymerization, enzyme-initiated polymerization has been introduced and the removal of protein templates by proteases has been successfully applied. Furthermore, MIPs have been coupled with enzymes in order to enhance the analytical performance of biomimetic sensors: Enzymes have been used in MIP-sensors as “tracers” for the generation and amplification of the measuring signal. In addition, enzymatic pretreatment of an analyte can extend the analyte spectrum and eliminate interferences.
OPRM1 c.118A>G Polymorphism and Duration of Morphine Treatment Associated with Morphine Doses and Quality-of-Life in Palliative Cancer Pain Settings
Authors: Hajj Aline , Halepian Lucine , Osta Nada , Chahine Georges , Kattan Joseph , Rabbaa Khabbaz Lydia
Published: March 2017

Despite increased attention on assessment and management, pain remains the most persistent symptom in patients with cancer, in particular in end-of-life settings, with detrimental impact on their quality-of-life (QOL). We conducted this study to evaluate the added value of determining some genetic and non-genetic factors to optimize cancer pain treatment. Eighty-nine patients were included in the study for the evaluation of palliative cancer pain management. The regression analysis showed that age, OPRM1 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP), as well as the duration of morphine treatment were significantly associated with morphine doses at 24 h (given by infusion pump; p = 0.043, 0.029, and <0.001, respectively). The mean doses of morphine decreased with age but increased with the duration of morphine treatment. In addition, patients with AG genotype c.118A>G OPRM1 needed a higher dose of morphine than AA patients. Moreover, metastases, OPRM1 SNP, age, and gender were significantly associated with the QOL in our population. In particular, AA patients for OPRM1 SNP had significantly lower cognitive function than AG patients, a result not previously reported in the literature. These findings could help increase the effectiveness of morphine treatment and enhance the QOL of patients in regards to personalized medicine.
Nurse’s A-Phase Material Enhance Adhesion, Growth and Differentiation of Human Bone Marrow-Derived Stromal Mesenchymal Stem Cells
Authors: Rabadan-Ros Ruben , Aznar-Cervantes Salvador , Mazón Patricia , Ros-Tarraga Patricia , De Aza Piedad , Meseguer-Olmo Luis
Published: March 2017

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the bioactivity and cell response of a well-characterized Nurse’s A-phase (7CaO·P2O5·2SiO2) ceramic and its effect compared to a control (tissue culture polystyrene-TCPS) on the adhesion, viability, proliferation, and osteogenic differentiation of ahMSCs in vitro. Cell proliferation (Alamar Blue Assay), Alizarin Red-S (AR-s) staining, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, osteocalcin (OCN), and collagen I (Col I) were evaluated. Also, field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) images were acquired in order to visualise the cells and the topography of the material. The proliferation of cells growing in a direct contact with the material was slower at early stages of the study because of the new environmental conditions. However, the entire surface was colonized after 28 days of culture in growth medium (GM). Osteoblastic differentiation markers were significantly enhanced in cells growing on Nurse’s A phase ceramic and cultured with osteogenic medium (OM), probably due to the role of silica to stimulate the differentiation of ahMSCs. Moreover, calcium nodules were formed under the influence of ceramic material. Therefore, it is predicted that Nurse’s A-phase ceramic would present high biocompatibility and osteoinductive properties and would be a good candidate to be used as a biomaterial for bone tissue engineering.
Efficacy of Pancreatic Endotherapy In Pancreatic Ascites And Pleural Effusion
Authors: Gupta Sudhir , Gaikwad Nitin , Samarth Amol , Sawalakhe Niraj , Sankalecha Tushar
Published: March 2017

Pancreatic ascites and effusion is a challenging complication to manage, hence our aim was to evaluate the efficacy of pancreatic endotherapy in pancreatic ascites and pleural effusion. Endotherapy included endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) with a pancreatogram and pancreatic stent placement across the leak in patients with pancreatic ascites/effusion. A total of 53 patients were included after successful cannulation. The male:female ratio was 7.8:1. The pancreatogram revealed a leak from the pancreatic duct in 20/53 (37.73%) patients. The most common leak site was the pancreatic body in 10/53 (18.9%) patients followed by the tail in 6/53 (11.32%) patients and the genu in 4/53 (7.5%) patients. In 29/53 (54.7%) patients, stent was placed beyond the leak site. Sphincterotomy was done in 7/53 (13.2%) patients, and in five patients with an obscure leak site, stent was placed empirically. A total of 39/53 (73.6%) patients benefited in terms of achieving the complete resolution of ascites and pleural effusion. The factors which were significant for the success of pancreatic endotherapy in the multivariate analysis were the site of the pancreatic ductal leak (p value = 0.008) and the ability of the stent to cross the leak site (p value = 0.004). To sum up, bridging the pancreatic ductal leak by stent offers a high rate of success. Pancreatic endotherapy is less invasive and highly effective in managing pancreatic ascites/pleural effusion.
Effects of soil type and light on height growth, biomass partitioning, and nitrogen dynamics on 22 species of tropical dry forest tree seedlings: Comparisons between legumes and nonlegumes
Authors: Smith‐Martin Christina M. , Gei Maria G. , Bergstrom Ellie , Becklund Kristen K. , Becknell Justin M. , Waring Bonnie G. , Werden Leland K. , Powers Jennifer S.
Published: March 2017

PREMISE OF THE STUDY:

The seedling stage is particularly vulnerable to resource limitation, with potential consequences for community composition. We investigated how light and soil variation affected early growth, biomass partitioning, morphology, and physiology of 22 tree species common in tropical dry forest, including eight legumes. Our hypothesis was that legume seedlings are better at taking advantage of increased resource availability, which contributes to their successful regeneration in tropical dry forests.

METHODS:

We grew seedlings in a full‐factorial design under two light levels in two soil types that differed in nutrient concentrations and soil moisture. We measured height biweekly and, at final harvest, biomass partitioning, internode segments, leaf carbon, nitrogen, δ13C, and δ15N.

KEY RESULTS:

Legumes initially grew taller and maintained that height advantage over time under all experimental conditions. Legumes also had the highest final total biomass and water‐use efficiency in the high‐light and high‐resource soil. For nitrogen‐fixing legumes, the amount of nitrogen derived from fixation was highest in the richer soil. Although seed mass tended to be larger in legumes, seed size alone did not account for all the differences between legumes and nonlegumes. Both belowground and aboveground resources were limiting to early seedling growth and function.

CONCLUSIONS:

Legumes may have a different regeneration niche, in that they germinate rapidly and grow taller than other species immediately after germination, maximizing their performance when light and belowground resources are readily available, and potentially permitting them to take advantage of high light, nutrient, and water availability at the beginning of the wet season.
Flexibility of resource allocation in a hermaphroditic‐gynomonoecious herb through deployment of female and male resources in perfect flowers
Authors: Mamut Jannathan , Xiong Ying‐Ze , Tan Dun‐Yan , Huang Shuang‐Quan
Published: March 2017

PREMISE OF THE STUDY:

It has been hypothesized that two flower types permit flexible allocation of resources to female and male functions, yet empirical evidence for the sex‐allocation hypothesis remains scarce in gynomonoecious species. To characterize resource allocation to pistillate and perfect flowers and allocation of perfect flowers between gynomonoecious and hermaphroditic individuals, we examined the flexibility and whether female‐biased allocation increases with plant size in the hermaphroditic‐gynomonoecious herb Eremurus anisopterus.

METHODS:

Frequency of gynomonoecious individuals, flower production, and plant size were investigated in different populations. Floral allocation was compared among the three flower types of E. anisopterus.

KEY RESULTS:

Frequency of gynomonoecious plants varied from 2–17% in nine populations. Only larger plants produced female flowers at the bottom of racemes. Both female and perfect flower production tended to increase proportionately with plant size in gynomonoecious individuals. Female flowers did not produce less biomass than perfect flowers from hermaphroditic or gynomonoecious plants. However, both female and perfect flowers from gynomonoecious individuals had lighter stamen mass, but larger pistil mass, than perfect flowers from hermaphrodites.

CONCLUSIONS:

Although the prediction of an increase in female flower number with plant size was not observed in E. anisopterus, the flexibility of sex allocation in gynomonoecious species was confirmed in that gynomonoecious individuals had a female‐biased floral allocation compared to hermaphroditic individuals. Such comparisons of gynomonoecious to hermaphroditic individuals permit us to unveil a sexual adjustment strategy: flexibility of sexual investments within plants.
Phenotypic effects of allotetraploidization of wild Arachis and their implications for peanut domestication
Authors: Leal‐Bertioli Soraya C. M. , Moretzsohn Márcio C. , Santos Silvio P. , Brasileiro Ana C. M. , Guimarães Patrícia M. , Bertioli David J. , Araujo Ana Claudia G.
Published: March 2017

PREMISE OF THE STUDY:

Several species of Arachis have been cultivated for their edible seeds, historically and to the present day. The diploid species that have a history of cultivation show relatively small signatures of domestication. In contrast, the tetraploid species A. hypogaea evolved into highly domesticated forms and became a major world crop, the cultivated peanut. It seems likely that allotetraploidization (hybridity and/or tetraploidization) in some way enhanced attractiveness for cultivation. Here we investigate this using six different hybridization and tetraploidization events, from distinct Arachis diploid species, including one event derived from the same wild species that originated peanut.

METHODS:

Twenty‐six anatomical, morphological, and physiological traits were examined in the induced allotetraploid plants and compared with their wild diploid parents.

KEY RESULTS:

Nineteen traits were transgressive (showed strong response to hybridization and chromosome duplication): allotetraploids had larger leaves, stomata and epidermal cells than did their diploid parents. In addition, allotetraploids produced more photosynthetic pigments. These traits have the same trend across the different hybrid combinations, suggesting that the changes are more likely due to ploidy rather than hybridity. In contrast, seed dimensions and seed mass did not significantly change in response to hybridization or tetraploidization.

CONCLUSIONS:

We suggest that the original allotetraploid that gave rise to cultivated peanut may have been attractive because of an increase in plant size, different transpiration characteristics, higher photosynthetic capacity, or other characteristics, but contrary to accepted knowledge, increased seed size was unlikely to have been important in the initial domestication.
NUMERICAL METHODS FOR THE FATIGUE ASSESSMENT OF WELDED JOINTS: INFLUENCE OF MISALIGNMENT AND GEOMETRIC WELD IMPERFECTIONS
Authors: TARAS Andreas , UNTERWEGER Harald
Published: March 2017

The fatigue design life of welded joints in steel structures is increasingly assessed by using numerical models and methods, such as the structural (hot-spot) stress method and the effective notch stress method. When compared to the classical design approach using nominal stress S-N design curves, these methods offer the advantage of flexibility and a wider scope of application. However, a number of questions arise when these methods are used to assess geometrically "imperfect" welded joints, such as joints with plate misalignments or excessive weld convexity or concavity. In these cases, the classical S-N curves are known to cover imperfections up to the common tolerance classes for fatigue-prone welded joints (e.g. in accordance with ISO 5817 class B). For the numerical methods, differing and conflicting recommendations exist on how to account for the geometric imperfections in the welded joints, with little or no background to these recommendations available. In this paper, a study is presented in which two standard welded joints (butt welds between plates of equal and unequal thickness; T-joints with fillet welds) are analysed with the help of the structural (hot-spot) stress and the effective notch stress approach, considering various levels of geometric imperfection up to the tolerance limits, and the resulting fatigue life predictions are compared to test results from the literature and the nominal stress approach predictions. Since the nominal stress approach curves are based on reliable statistical data and desired survival probabilities for these known, standard cases, this methodology allows one to determine the correct application of the numerical methods to cases with geometric imperfections. This information may be used for a pertinent refinement of design recommendations for these methods, as well as for cases where these methods are applied to fitness-for-purpose assessments - e.g. because the nominal stress approach is not applicable.
Petites villes périurbaines et ancrage local des habitants. Les cas de Méru et Senlis dans l’Oise
Authors: Berroir Sandrine , Delage Matthieu , Fleury Antoine , Fol Sylvie , Guérois Marianne , Maulat Juliette , Raad Lina , Vallée Julie , Viana Cerqueira Eugênia
Published: March 2017

Les espaces métropolitains sont marqués par des logiques spatiales multipolaires qui se traduisent notamment par une intégration croissante de petites villes situées sur leurs franges. Cet article s’interroge sur la place de ces petites villes périurbaines dans le fonctionnement métropolitain, à partir d’une analyse de leur rôle dans l’espace de vie des habitants. En s’appuyant sur des entretiens menés dans les secteurs de Méru et de Senlis, il montre que ces petites villes situées au nord de l’agglomération parisienne constituent des lieux de ressources et d’ancrage pour les habitants du périurbain. L’étude croisée des pratiques de mobilités des habitants et de leurs représentations spatiales permet notamment de rendre compte de la diversité sociale des processus d’ancrage local dans les petites villes périurbaines.
Du domicile à la ville : étapes et espaces de l’encadrement parental des pratiques urbaines des enfants
Authors: Rivière Clément
Published: March 2017

S’appuyant sur une enquête par entretiens menée auprès de parents d’enfants âgés de 8 ans à 14 ans à Paris (France) et Milan (Italie), cet article interroge les modalités de passage des enfants de l’espace privé à l’espace local, puis aux espaces publics les plus fréquentés. L’approche compréhensive de l’encadrement parental des pratiques urbaines des enfants permet de distinguer une gradation fine d’espaces perçus comme protégés de deux risques structurants des peurs parentales, l’accident de la circulation et la rencontre d’un inconnu malveillant. La distinction d’une sphère locale intermédiaire entre public et privé met en lumière le rôle joué par l’interconnaissance locale dans les pratiques d’encadrement, l’espace de résidence tendant à être associé à des formes de régulation collective fondées sur des attentes réciproques. Elle invite à considérer le réseau local d’interconnaissance comme une définition sociologique du quartier vécu.
Le tomason : un concept pour penser autrement les discontinuités et discontiguités de nos vies citadines ?
Authors: Gervais-Lambony Philippe
Published: March 2017

Cet article propose une conceptualisation de la notion de tomason que l’on doit à Genpei Akassegawa, artiste japonais d’hyperart, qui l’a développée dans les années 1980 pour désigner de petits objets urbains dont la fonction n’est plus connue. L’article vise à montrer que ce concept, issu de la littérature et de l’art et retravaillé, est utile aux études urbaines. En lui convergent en effet des propos sur la ville d’auteurs divers (écrivains, poètes, chercheurs) qui ont parlé des tomasons « sans le savoir » pour traiter de la question des mémoires citadines et de leur rapport à l’espace urbain. Cet exercice de définition du tomason suppose donc d’abord un détour par une réflexion à partir d’un corpus de littérature et de sciences sociales sur la mémoire, l’espace et le temps. Deux auteurs sont d’abord mobilisés, Jean-Jacques Rousseau et Marcel Proust, pour leurs apports sur la réflexion entre mémoire et espace. Dans un deuxième temps une définition conceptuelle du tomason est proposée puis élargie à la question de la mémoire dans les espaces urbains.
Le cosmopolitisme en fête à Montréal. Interculturalisme, ancrages locaux et transformations marchandes
Authors: Poulot Marie-Laure
Published: March 2017

Cet article analyse les significations de deux fêtes de la diversité à Montréal : la fête nationale de la Saint-Jean-Baptiste sur la rue Saint-Viateur et les Week-ends du monde au parc Jean-Drapeau. Ces fêtes interrogent l’ancrage local des communautés culturelles, leurs liens au territoire ainsi que leurs rapports à la société montréalaise en général. Plus globalement, elles sont le reflet d’un glissement du cosmopolitisme comme projet politique et social à un cosmopolitisme marchand.
La gestion des talents : définitions, modèles, pratiques d’entreprises
Authors: d’Armagnac Sophie , Klarsfeld Alain , Martignon Claude
Published: March 2017

La gestion des talents est devenue en peu d’années un enjeu important pour les entreprises. Dans la littérature en management des ressources humaines, le concept de talent a également pris une grande place, suscitant des travaux théoriques s’attachant principalement à en préciser la définition ainsi qu’à figurer les changements introduits par cette notion. Cependant nous n’avons encore qu’une compréhension limitée des pratiques en entreprise. Considérant le foisonnement des enjeux affichés par les professionnels en charge des ressources humaines et la variété des dispositifs mis en place, peut-on encore parler de l’émergence d’un modèle ? L’étude menée auprès de professionnels RH dans 16 entreprises françaises de haute technologie indique que la notion de talent n’inaugure pas une ère nouvelle. Présentée comme annonciatrice d’un nouveau modèle laissant davantage de place à des évolutions et à l’autonomie du salarié, la notion de talent est en fait réintégrée à une perspective gestionnaire ‘RH’ adéquationniste classique, sous une forme associant les caractéristiques de la compétence et du potentiel.
Comment favoriser le transfert d’apprentissage dans l’organisation par le biais de l’utilisation du e-learning ? Réflexion à partir du contexte tunisien
Authors: Ben Zammel Ibticem , Chichti Fatma , Gharbi Jamel Eddine
Published: March 2017

Le e-learning est assimilé à un mode d’apprentissage, tant qu’il améliore de façon continue les compétences des employés. Comme tout investissement, il doit faire preuve d’efficacité. Ce travail de recherche, consacré à l’étude des facteurs permettant de favoriser le transfert d’apprentissage, suite au e-learning vise essentiellement à apporter quelques éléments d’éclairage sur ce processus. Pour ce faire, une recherche qualitative exploratoire, suivie par un questionnaire administré dans des entreprises tunisiennes qui pratiquent le e-learning comme mode complémentaire d’apprentissage, nous a permis de valoriser l’impact du contexte organisationnel sur le processus de transfert d’apprentissage. L’encouragement et le soutien du chef hiérarchique et des collègues du travail, s’avèrent de grande importance dans la stimulation de la motivation de l’apprenant, à appliquer son apprentissage dans le contexte du travail. Ainsi, la capacité de l’employé à transférer son apprentissage dépend énormément de ses expériences passées ainsi que la qualité des relations sociales dans l’entreprise.
L’intervention sociale auprès des plus démunis : prendre en charge le corps vulnérable et le sentiment de honte
Authors: Dambuyant-Wargny Gisèle
Published: March 2017

Tous les publics de l’intervention sociale – exclus, désaffiliés ou fragiles – cumulent des précarités qui marquent les corps, les stigmatisent et les discriminent physiquement et socialement. Ces réalités sont souvent associées à un sentiment de honte et de culpabilité. Dès lors, les prises en charge sont nécessaires pour soutenir et faire évoluer les vulnérabilités et les ressentis négatifs de ces personnes. Si les médecins s’occupent prioritairement de l’aspect médical et les psychologues du traitement psychologique, les intervenants sociaux se partagent la prise en charge sociale, appréhendant l’estime de soi et la revalorisation de la personne. L’aide psychosociale peut prendre en charge le corps désocialisé. Les soins esthétiques peuvent soulager le corps éprouvé. Tous contribuent à soulager le corps stigmatisé, et au-delà à contrer la vulnérabilité contemporaine.
L’homme et son corps : l’acceptation de sa maladie
Authors: Ntsama Rosine
Published: March 2017

Cette étude aborde le concept de honte que bon nombre de penseurs définissent comme affect humain. Celui-ci traduit le dépouillement social et personnel. De par l’analyse des situations et des questions soulevées, le concept de honte engendre la culpabilité, désorganise l’individu dans son Moi, suscitant ainsi un procédé handicapant. L’individu est alors conduit vers la désintégration et l’exclusion sociale.
Honte et migration : une relation complexe à saisir
Authors: Bolzman Claudio , Gakuba Théogène-Octave , Amalaman Martin
Published: March 2017

Cet article explore une dimension émotionnelle dans la vie sociale des individus, à savoir la question de la honte en relation avec la migration. À partir du cas des migrants d’Afrique de l’Ouest en Europe, et plus particulièrement en Suisse, il s’agit de comprendre la place que les sentiments de honte et de culpabilité ont pu jouer dans leur projet migratoire, dans ce que les migrants résidant en Europe communiquent aux personnes restées au pays d’origine, dans le positionnement que les personnes qui n’ont pas l’autorisation de résider de manière légitime en Europe adoptent par rapport à la question d’un éventuel retour au pays d’origine. Il s’agit également de contextualiser et discuter les résultats, ainsi que de situer certaines implications pour l’intervention.
Contextualisation de la motivation de service public : le cas de l’Espagne
Authors: Ballart Xavier , Riba Clara
Published: March 2017

Depuis le lancement de la notion de « motivation de service public (PSM) » et des mesures en la matière, plusieurs études se sont intéressées aux différences culturelles. À l’instar d’autres études antérieures qui ont essayé de compléter les quatre dimensions initiales de la construction originale par une cinquième dimension, nous suivons, dans la présente étude, la même stratégie en prenant en considération trois aspects de la tradition administrative napoléonienne. Notre analyse rend compte d’une nouvelle dimension, imprégnée de valeurs de loyauté politique, qui améliore légèrement la mesure de la PSM dans ce contexte bien précis. Remarques à l’intention des praticiens Les recherches antérieures indiquent que la « motivation de service public » a des conséquences en termes de comportement individuel et collectif et qu’elle contribue sans doute dès lors à améliorer les organisations. On relie la PSM à la performance, à l’engagement professionnel et à la satisfaction au travail, entre autres attitudes et comportements. Les administrations publiques l’utilisent aussi dans leurs processus de recrutement.
A Genetic-algorithm Approach for Balancing Learning Styles and Academic Attributes in Heterogeneous Grouping of Students
Authors: Sukstrienwong Anon
Published: March 2017

Cooperative learning is an instructional approach in which students work together in small groups in order to achieve a common academic goal. In the context of cooperative learning, students in classrooms tend to learn more by sharing their experiences and knowledge. In addition, a diversity of educational backgrounds and student learning styles can be used to build heterogeneous groups of students. In this paper, we propose an approach for the group composition, regarding the Index of Learning Styles (ILS) questionnaire and prior educational knowledge in order to achieve the mechanism for equity among groups and ensure that heterogeneous students are distributed optimally within the group formation. This causes the search for an optimized group composition of all students more complex and becomes a time-consuming task. Therefore, the proposed algorithm mimics the natural process of a genetic algorithm in order to achieve optimal solutions. In addition, we have implemented our algorithm to construct student groups. Our experiment shows that the algorithm enhances the quality of the group formation of heterogeneous students leading to better solutions.
Undergraduate Students’ Perspectives of the Extent of Practicing Netiquettes in a Jordanian Southern University
Authors: Arouri Yousef M. , Hamaidi Diala A.
Published: March 2017

The study aimed at investigating the extent of implementing Netiquette practices among University students at Tafila Technical University (TTU). The study included the students of Faculty of Educational Sciences at TTU- Jordan, who enrolled in fall semester of the academic year 2015/2016. To achieve the aim of the research study, researchers used the descriptive research method. A quantitative questionnaire, consisted of (42) items was developed and administered on (245) male and female students of special education and classroom teacher majors. The findings of the study revealed that the university students have a consensus regarding the general rules of Netiquette. However, they pointed out limited awareness of specific Netiquette rules and aspects. As a result, their practices reflected varied levels of implementation. In addition, the results revealed that the students’ perspectives of the implemented Netiquette practices were not affected by gender, specialization, or university study level. Furthermore, the implemented practices revealed that the students’ perspectives show limited extent of Netiquette practices related to critical thinking skills. Further implications and future recommendations were discussed.
How to Assist Tutors to Rebuild Groups Within an ITS by Exploiting Traces. Case of a Closed Forum.
Authors: Salihoun Mohammed , Guerouate Fatima , Berbiche Naoual , Sbihi Mohamed
Published: March 2017

Computer Supported Collaborative Learning (CSCL) is a new mode of teaching and one of the popular approaches for learning process. It allows virtual interactions between groups by providing tools such as: chat, internal email and discussion forums. One of the major problems caused by this learning process is the neglect and isolation of learners in groups, and usually is the cause of a heterogeneous group through social, cognitive or emotional ways. The method used is based on the exploitation of traces left on the online learning platform by learners and groups. The data collected from the environment can be observed and exploited in order to build social and cognitive indicators. Our approach is to design a model which assists the tutor to rebuild groups who are not homogeneous in order to prevent their isolation and abandonment. Our model offers the tutor the opportunity to rebuild the groups in an automatic way and based on the characteristics of quantitative indicators of all learners. Our work allowed us to test our algorithm from a functional and technical point of view and also identifies real variables from a collaborative online learning. It also allowed us to evaluate six different indicators proposed for this experiment, showing that they may assist the tutor to rebuild many groups again. The results show us that after the rebuilding groups, there has been a lot of participation in the forum and a considerable number of shares and documents deposited to the forum for each group. This high frequency of interaction between learners, lead them to a fruitful collaboration, and a good quality work at the end. The integration of other more advanced indicators may provide to tutor a better visibility to rebuild the groups that face difficulties.
Data-driven Learning in Second Language Writing Class: A Survey of Empirical Studies
Authors: Luo Qinqin , Zhou Jie
Published: March 2017

Corpus technology is commonly used by researchers and professionals for language description; however it can also be employed by second or foreign language learners in what has come to be known as data-driven learning (DDL). DDL has been suggested as an effective approach to improve second language (L2) learners’ writing competence. To popularize DDL approach among ordinary language teachers and learners, this paper offers an overview of empirical DDL research in writing published from 2010 to 2016, which can provide insights into how DDL approach is integrated into an actual writing classrooms and how much it can contribute to the development of L2 writing skill. The analysis of the surveyed studies reveals the great potentials of DDL activities in L2 writing class from different perspectives but it’s also found that corpora are not superior to other traditional reference tools for some consultation purposes. It is thus necessary to develop online platforms which could provide easy and free access to the user-friendly corpora along with other types of reference tools. Then suggestions about further studies are also offered in the end.
Thermally Conductive Polypropylene/Graphite/Carbon Fiber Composites
Authors: Wu Jia Wei , Qi Rong Rong , Ji Xin Yu , Jiang Ping Kai , Wu Xiang Yang , Wang Xin Wei , Wang Ping
Published: March 2017

The combination of different carbon-based fillers (commercial plate graphite (GR) and rod carbon fiber (CF)) were added as conductive fillers to improve the thermal conductivity of polypropylene (PP). The effect of different ratio of carbon-based fillers on the thermal and mechanical properties of GR/CF/PP composites was investigated in detail. A remarkable synergistic effect between GR and CF in improving thermal conductivity of PP composites has been achieved. The results show that the in-plane thermal conductivity rises to 2.8 W·(m·k)-1 at a GR/CF ratio of 5:1 (the total mass fraction of carbon-based fillers to 40wt%), which is 14 times as the thermal conductivity of pure PP (0.2 W·(m·k)-1) and also much higher than that of single filler composites.
Microstructural Evolution and Mechanical Properties of Low C-Mn Steels Subjected to Accelerated Cooling
Authors: Li Long , Su Guang , Li Xiao Bin
Published: March 2017

Microstructure consisting of ferrite and bainite in low C-Mn steels with different manganese contents (0.75-1.49 mass %) can be formed by accelerated cooling. Microstructure observation reveals that the transformation products of 0.75%Mn and 1.06%Mn steel mainly consist of equiaxed ferrite and pearlite when hot finish deformation was processed at the temperature of 800°C, while the transformed products mainly contained irregular ferrite and upper bainite when finish rolling temperature (FRT) increases to 850°C or 900°C. However, a large amount bainite can also be attained in 1.49%Mn steel when FRT decreased to 800°C. The strength increases by about 100MPa with the increase of manganese content from 0.75% to 1.49%. The 1.06%Mn steel exhibits a superior strength-elongation combination by deforming at FRT of 850°C and then accelerated cooling at the cooling rate of about 40°C/s to coiling temperature in the range of 490~510°C.
Preliminary Experimental Study of Laser Cladding Repair on Directionally Solidified Blades
Authors: Fu Wei , Deng Qi Lin , Fang Hong Yuan
Published: March 2017

There is large use of directionally solidified superalloy blades in aerospace, but the repair of these blades is a real problem. The laser cladding technology is able to implement the repair. The experiments in this paper study the microstructure of laser cladding, analyze the formation mechanism and control method, implement the directional growth of microstructure in multilevel laser cladding layer, and provide a theoretical and experimental basis of laser cladding repair on directionally solidified superalloy blades.
Study on the Application of Carbon Fiber Composite Materials in High-Speed Trains
Authors: Wang Fei Fei
Published: March 2017

The new carbon fiber composite materials trains hood is designed with vacuum infusion molding process characteristics and performance of existing trains hood according to the characteristics of the high specific strength and stiffness of the carbon fiber composite materials. According to the requirements of referring to the IEC61373-1999[Railway Rolling Stock Equipment Shock and Vibration Testing Standards] and GB/T3317-2006[Electric Locomotive General Technical Conditions], the strength and deformation of the trains hood is calculated and analyzed on the conditions of the impaction, air movement load case and the end compression. The test result shows that the mechanical properties of the structure meets the requirements in the 500km/h high-speed test train.
Preparation and Research on a Kind of Magnetorheological Grease Materiel Used Anti-Collision System
Authors: Ge Jing , Jiang Chao , Yu Guo Jun , Su Bo , Sun Tiger
Published: March 2017

Bridge pier collision avoidance system is a hot research topic. As the representative of the intelligent material, the Magnetorheological Grease has become one of the main research directions in the research of bridge pier collision due to its special mechanical properties and rheological properties. In this work, we present a bridge pier collision avoidance system using Magnetorheological Grease Material. Firstly, according to the characteristics of bridge pier collision, a series of Magnetorheological Grease Material are configured, and then the collision avoidance structure of the actual size of the bridge pier is given. The structure can be directly applied to the bridge pier collision avoidance. Secondly the experimental characteristics of the Magnetorheological Grease Material are given, and the experimental results are analyzed. The strong theoretical guidance and engineering basis were provided for the related scientific and technical workers and researchers.
Activation of Myeloid TLR4 Mediates T Lymphocyte Polarization after Traumatic Brain Injury
Authors: Braun Molly , Vaibhav Kumar , Saad Nancy , Fatima Sumbul , Brann Darrell W. , Vender John R. , Wang Lei P. , Hoda Md Nasrul , Baban Babak , Dhandapani Krishnan M.
Published: March 2017

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a major public health issue, producing significant patient mortality and poor long-term outcomes. Increasing evidence suggests an important, yet poorly defined, role for the immune system in the development of secondary neurologic injury over the days and weeks following a TBI. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that peripheral macrophage infiltration initiates long-lasting adaptive immune responses after TBI. Using a murine controlled cortical impact model, we used adoptive transfer, transgenic, and bone marrow chimera approaches to show increased infiltration and proinflammatory (classically activated [M1]) polarization of macrophages for up to 3 wk post-TBI. Monocytes purified from the injured brain stimulated the proliferation of naive T lymphocytes, enhanced the polarization of T effector cells (TH1/TH17), and decreased the production of regulatory T cells in an MLR. Similarly, elevated T effector cell polarization within blood and brain tissue was attenuated by myeloid cell depletion after TBI. Functionally, C3H/HeJ (TLR4 mutant) mice reversed M1 macrophage and TH1/TH17 polarization after TBI compared with C3H/OuJ (wild-type) mice. Moreover, brain monocytes isolated from C3H/HeJ mice were less potent stimulators of T lymphocyte proliferation and TH1/TH17 polarization compared with C3H/OuJ monocytes. Taken together, our data implicate TLR4-dependent, M1 macrophage trafficking/polarization into the CNS as a key mechanistic link between acute TBI and long-term, adaptive immune responses.