bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Emotion analysis of user reactions to online news
Authors: Bagić Babac Marina
Published: November 2022

Purpose

Social media allow for observing different aspects of human behaviour, in particular, those that can be evaluated from explicit user expressions. Based on a data set of posts with user opinions collected from social media, this paper aims to show an insight into how the readers of different news portals react to online content. The focus is on users’ emotions about the content, so the findings of the analysis provide a further understanding of how marketers should structure and deliver communication content such that it promotes positive engagement behaviour.

Design/methodology/approach

More than 5.5 million user comments to posted messages from 15 worldwide popular news portals were collected and analysed, where each post was evaluated based on a set of variables that represent either structural (e.g. embedded in intra- or inter-message structure) or behavioural (e.g. exhibiting a certain behavioural pattern that appeared in response to a posted message) component of expressions. The conclusions are based on a set of regression models and exploratory factor analysis.

Findings

The findings show and theorise the influence of social media content on emotional user engagement. This provides a more comprehensive understanding of the engagement attributed to social media content and, consequently, could be a better predictor of future behaviour.

Originality/value

This paper provides original data analysis of user comments and emotional reactions that appeared on social media news websites in 2018.
Translating responsible leadership into team customer relationship performance in the tourism context: the role of collective job crafting
Authors: Luu Trong Tuan
Published: November 2022

Purpose

This study aims to unravel the role of teams’ job crafting in translating responsible leadership into their customer relationship performance.

Design/methodology/approach

The data were gathered from 87 managers and 608 employees from tour companies. The data analysis was performed via multilevel structural equation modeling.

Findings

The results demonstrated that crafting of team tasks played a mediating role for the link of responsible leadership to the team’s customer relationship performance. Task interdependence, outcome interdependence and their interaction attenuated the influence of responsible leadership on collective job crafting.

Practical implications

The results suggest that tourism managers can enhance customer relationship performance of their team through training and development of responsible leadership, encouraging team members’ crafting of team tasks, as well as enhancing outcome and task interdependence.

Originality/value

This research expands the literature by identifying how and when responsible leadership promotes team customer relationship performance in tourism companies.
Asymmetric effects of policy uncertainty on real sector variables in emerging markets: evidence from Brazil, India, China and South Africa
Authors: Ogbuabor Jonathan E. , Malaolu Victor A. , Orji Anthony
Published: November 2022

Purpose

This study investigated the asymmetric effects of changes in policy uncertainty on real sector variables in Brazil, China, India and South Africa.

Design/methodology/approach

The study used the nonlinear autoregressive distributed lag (NARDL) modeling framework.

Findings

The results showed that both in the long run and short run, rising uncertainty not only increases consumer prices significantly in these economies, but also impedes aggregate and sectoral output growths, and deters investment, employment and private consumption. Contrary to economic expectation, the results also showed that in the long run, declining uncertainty impedes aggregate and sectoral output growths in these economies, and significantly hinders employment in South Africa and Brazil. This suggests that in the long run, economic agents in these economies somewhat behave as if uncertainty is rising. The authors also found significant asymmetric effects in the response of real sector variables to uncertainty both in the long run and short run, which justifies the choice of NARDL framework for this study.

Research limitations/implications

The sample is limited to Brazil, India, China and South Africa. While Brazil, India and China are three of the most prominent large emerging market economies, South Africa is the largest emerging market economy in Africa.

Practical implications

To lessen the adverse effects of policy uncertainty observed in the results, there is need for sound institutions and policy regimes that can promote predictable policy responses in these economies so that policy neither serves as a source of uncertainty nor as a channel through which the effects of other shocks are transmitted.

Originality/value

Apart from using the NARDL framework to capture the asymmetric effects of policy uncertainty, this study also accounted for the sectoral effects of uncertainty in emerging markets.
Increasing availability of COVID-19 vaccine to older adults under community supervision
Authors: Dauria Emily , Clemenzi-Allen Angelo , Nowotny Kathryn , Brinkley-Rubinstein Lauren , Williams Brie , Wurcel Alysse
Published: November 2022

Purpose

Vaccinating adults who are involved with the carceral system, particularly those aged 55 or older, is crucial to containing the COVID-19 pandemic in the USA, particularly as variants continue to emerge and spread. In this Viewpoint, the authors discuss the reasons why improving access to COVID-19 vaccine and boosters among community supervised adults, especially the aging population, is critical to mitigating the public health consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic. This study concludes by providing recommendations to enhance vaccine and booster uptake in this population, as the pandemic continues.

Design/methodology/approach

This is a Viewpoint paper regarding mitigating the spread of COVID-19 by improving access to vaccine and boosters among community supervised adults, especially the aging population.

Findings

A key population that has been overlooked in vaccination efforts are older adults involved in the carceral system who are living in the community (i.e. “community supervised” or people on probation or parole). Older adults on probation and parole are at high risk for SARS-CoV-2 transmission and severe disease due to numerous factors at the individual, community, social and structural levels.

Originality/value

Implementation of recommendations presented in this Viewpoint will mitigate COVID-19 risk among a population that has been marginalized and overlooked, yet has been the epicenter of the COVID-19 pandemic.
It’s the REAL thing: contested media discourse and the UK Sugar Tax
Authors: Daniel Elizabeth Mary , O’Sullivan Terry , Harris Fiona
Published: November 2022

Purpose

Health policies often require individuals to limit behaviours deemed enjoyable or suffer other burdens. This leads to considerable and contested discourse often played out in the popular media. The aim of this study is to determine the effects of such contested media discourse on viewers' perceived attitude change towards the target behaviour.

Design/methodology/approach

Combining concepts from discourse analysis and marketing-psychology elaboration models, the authors undertook an online survey in which a large sample of the public (N = 855) watched parts of a real daytime news debate on the UK Sugar Tax. The authors then evaluated the effects of this discourse on the perceived understanding of the tax and perceived attitude change to the consumption of sugary drinks.

Findings

Participants differentiated between parts of the discourse related to facts and arguments (termed argument-related discourse devices) and parts related to the format and tone of the debate (termed debate-/speaker-related discourse devices). Contrary to what might be expected, debate-/speaker-related discourse devices, which might be thought of as subjective, appeared to effect positive perceived attitude change through a cognitive processing route that involved perceived improved understanding. The argument-related discourse devices, which may appear objective or rational, were not associated with perceived improved understanding but were directly associated with positive perceived attitude change.

Originality/value

Given the authors' interest in the relationship between discourse and perceived attitude change, the authors take the novel step of linking concepts from discourse analysis with models of attitude change taken from the marketing-psychology domain. Furthermore, the authors' large-scale survey “democratises” discourse analysis, allowing non-expert participants to reflect upon discourse.
Enterprise resource planning system reforms of European Union member states in association with central government accrual accounting and IPSAS adoption
Authors: Bekiaris Michalis , Markogiannopoulou Antonia
Published: November 2022

Purpose

This paper examines the enterprise resource planning (ERP) systems of 27 European central governments and the governments' respective information technology (IT) reforms, facilitator role and association with accrual accounting reforms as premise of the International Public Sector Accounting Standards (IPSAS).

Design/methodology/approach

This paper presents a qualitative and content analysis of 27 European Union (EU) member states (MSs) regarding the states' IT and accounting maturity in association with accrual accounting as breeding ground for IPSAS convergence based on published surveys on behalf of Eurostat, web data and emails collected from authorized officials.

Findings

This paper has found that (1) increased accounting and IT maturity scores of central governments are associated with the establishment or upgrade of ERP systems; (2) ERP systems prove to facilitate and support accrual accounting adoption; (3) in majority, EU MSs adopt similar ERP vendors to implement accrual accounting reforms; (4) with prevalence among ERP vendors, the Systems Application Products (SAP) ERP software proves to be a success story toward public sector accounting (PSA) reforms.

Research limitations/implications

Respective information on the ERP systems' facilitation to financial accounting reforms is collected only for 17 central governments.

Originality/value

This paper highlights the facilitation of ERP systems as reform drivers to accrual accounting change of EU MSs, through IT modernization. This paper links the ERP practices with specific ERP vendors pointing out the vendors' similarities. This paper presents examples of European ERP reforms and sets the reforms as reference for central governments that wish to embark on ERP and accrual accounting reforms.
Do you consider buying a counterfeit? New evidence from the theory of planned behaviour and cognitive dissonance theory
Authors: Garas Sally Raouf Ragheb , Mahran Amira Fouad Ahmed , Mohamed Hassan Mohamed Hussein
Published: November 2022

Purpose

This paper aims to investigate the impact of perceived risk, ethical judgement, value consciousness, susceptibility to social influence and neutralisation on counterfeit clothes and accessories purchase intention in Egypt.

Design/methodology/approach

A single cross-sectional survey was conducted. Questionnaires were used to collect data from 361 counterfeit buyers in Egypt. To test the hypotheses, partial least squares-structural equation model was applied.

Findings

The results indicate that neutralisation, perceived risk and susceptibility to social influence significantly impact attitudes towards counterfeiting and purchase intentions, whereas value consciousness impacts counterfeit purchase intention. In addition, attitudes mediate the effects of perceived risk, susceptibility to social influence and neutralisation on purchase intention.

Practical implications

Brand producers/retailers and the government need to adhere to a number of practices to curb counterfeit demand, mainly by tackling the neutralisation’s impacts, demonstrating various risks of counterfeiting and developing a collective attitude against counterfeiting.

Originality/value

This study contributes to the ethical decision-making literature by empirically testing and quantifying the impact of neutralisation on shaping counterfeit buyers’ attitudes and purchase intention.
Innovatively doing data design in libraries in the fourth industrial revolution (4IR)
Authors: Oyelude Adetoun A.
Published: November 2022

Purpose

The purpose of the paper is to review ways to innovatively do data design in the Fourth Industrial Revolution.

Design/methodology/approach

Data design helps in data research management (a core library service), to avoid chaotic service delivery. Therefore, data design is important to equip library and information services professionals with skills for the 4IR. Furthermore, 4IR entails a transformation of humankind, and industries are now compelled to reconsider business transactions in the new economic order. Desk research was used for the study.

Findings

Findings indicated that although online resources are used in data design, and for software developments, elements of artificial intelligence are hardly included. It is recommended that data design and research data management be used more innovatively to accommodate the 4IR.

Originality/value

New technologies used for delivering library services and using data literacy are pointed out as well as the challenges faced in using them, recommending enhanced use of information and communication technology in providing library services in the digital era.
Success factors for renewable energy businesses in emerging economies
Authors: Haile Yohannes , Min Hokey
Published: November 2022

Purpose

With a growing demand for safe, clean and affordable energy, emerging economies (EEs) across the globe are now seeking to create and rapidly develop renewable energy (RE) businesses. The success of these businesses often hinges on their ability to translate RE into sustainable value for energy consumers and the multiple stakeholders in this industry. Such value includes low production costs due to an abundance of natural resources (e.g. wind, water and sunlight) and public health benefits from reduced environmental pollution. With that in mind, this paper aims to gauge RE’s potential for sustainable value creation and then develop an effective RE business strategy.

Design/methodology/approach

This paper develops a structural equation model, conducts an exploratory factor analysis, confirmatory factor analyses with and without common latent factors and proposes a moderated mediation analysis to identify a host of factors that influence the success of RE businesses.

Findings

This paper discovers that RE business performance is significantly affected by integrated vision, intellectual capital and social capital.

Originality/value

To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this paper is one of the first empirical studies that identify various factors influencing successful RE businesses in EEs such as Asian (e.g. China and India) and Latin American countries.
A comparative experimental study of the use of toluene and isopropyl alcohol gel in cleaning wax stains from paper supports
Authors: Salim Eman
Published: November 2022

Purpose

The aim of the present paper to compare the cleaning treatments of paper samples exposed to artificial aging, toluene and isopropyl alcohol gel in cleaning wax stains.

Design/methodology/approach

In total, paper samples were made from wood pulp. They had a deterioration phenomenon represented in the stains of the paraffin wax, so two types of cleaning were used: A traditional method using a toluene solution and another new method using isopropanol gel by a cotton swap in a circular movement until the completion of the cleaning process. Then, all paper samples were treated with toluene and isopropanol to handle the second artificial aging and detect how the samples were affected by artificial aging. For identifying the efficacy of these materials in removing paraffin wax stains, a range of examinations and analyses were used, such as universal serial bus, scanning electron microscope, infrared analysis (IR), pH analysis, color change analysis. Moreover, these results were compared with the standard sample’s results.

Findings

The results of examinations and analyses proved that the use of toluene affected the paper samples. Their effects were twice as weak, fragile and degraded paper fibers compared to isopropanol gel. Therefore, the isopropanol gel is preferred for paper cleaning to the toluene solution.

Originality/value

This paper highlights the efficiency of isopropyl alcohol gel in cleaning wax stains from historical paper supports.
Algorithmic modeling of public recommender systems: insights from selected cities
Authors: Kamolov Sergei , Aleksandrov Nikita
Published: November 2022

Purpose

In the context of digital public governance of the 21st century, recommender systems serve as a digital tool to support decision-making and shift toward proactive public services delivery. This paper aims to synthesize an algorithm for public recommender systems deployment coherent with the digital transformation of public services in three Russian regions: the City of Moscow, Moscow region and Astrakhan region.

Design/methodology/approach

The studied regions serve as an adequate representation of the country’s population coverage carrying, at the same time, diversity of public governance structures in qualitative and quantitative terms. Thus, the authors were able to retrieve both commonalities and particularities in locally applied policies to create an algorithm model for governance high-tech decision support systems (DSS) deployment in management terms. Therefore, the authors use structural and functional analysis to derive the matters for further induction into our algorithmic model.

Findings

The proposed algorithmic model is developed under the framework of automated verification of current public service delivery mechanisms. The practical application of recommendation systems as a special case of DSS is shown in the example of public service delivery. It is assumed that following the developed algorithm leads to the “digital maturity” of a particular sector of public governance.

Originality/value

The paper holds a novel look at public services digital transformation through the application of recommender systems, which is evidenced by the algorithmic model approbation on the theoretical level.
Managing work‐related lateral elbow tendinopathy: Australian hand therapist's experiences with workplace‐based interventions
Authors: Tran Thuy , Keesing Sharon , Harris Courtenay , Ciccarelli Marina
Published: November 2022

Introduction

Lateral elbow tendinopathy (LET) is one of the most prevalent work‐related musculoskeletal conditions. Current treatments for LET focus mainly on the physiological symptoms of pain, grip strength, and function. Recently, a novel workplace‐based hand therapy educational intervention, Working Hands‐ED, was developed based on the Person‐Environment‐Occupation‐ Performance model, International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health framework and the Australian Clinical Framework for the Delivery of Health Services. Combining a hand therapist's specialised knowledge and skills in upper limb rehabilitation with an approach that considers injured workers' occupations and work environments may provide a more holistic approach to managing work‐related LET. To the best of our knowledge, no previous studies have investigated the experiences of hand therapists who perform workplace‐based educational interventions for the management of LET.

Method

An exploratory, descriptive qualitative design using semi‐structured interviews was used with hand therapists who delivered the novel hand therapy intervention Working Hands‐ED.

Findings

Ten occupational therapists working in hand therapy were interviewed. Three main themes and eight subthemes were identified from interview data: Person‐centred approach, opportunity for therapists to provide enhanced service, and improved stakeholder engagement in the return‐to‐work process. Logistical challenges such as the costs and time spent away from the clinical setting were identified.

Conclusion

All hand therapists reported delivering Working Hands‐ED when managing work‐related LET was a positive experience for them. They believed that the novel intervention could provide a more holistic approach to care that added value to their service delivery; however, there were some logistical factors to consider including the additional time and costs associated with the intervention.
Role of carboxysomes in cyanobacterial CO2 assimilation: CO2 concentrating mechanisms and metabolon implications
Authors: Huffine Clair A. , Zhao Runyu , Tang Yinjie J. , Cameron Jeffrey C.
Published: November 2022

Many carbon‐fixing organisms have evolved CO2 concentrating mechanisms (CCMs) to enhance the delivery of CO2 to RuBisCO, while minimizing reactions with the competitive inhibitor, molecular O2. These distinct types of CCMs have been extensively studied using genetics, biochemistry, cell imaging, mass spectrometry, and metabolic flux analysis. Highlighted in this paper, the cyanobacterial CCM features a bacterial microcompartment (BMC) called ‘carboxysome’ in which RuBisCO is co‐encapsulated with the enzyme carbonic anhydrase (CA) within a semi‐permeable protein shell. The cyanobacterial CCM is capable of increasing CO2 around RuBisCO, leading to one of the most efficient processes known for fixing ambient CO2. The carboxysome life cycle is dynamic and creates a unique subcellular environment that promotes activity of the Calvin–Benson (CB) cycle. The carboxysome may function within a larger cellular metabolon, physical association of functionally coupled proteins, to enhance metabolite channelling and carbon flux. In light of CCMs, synthetic biology approaches have been used to improve enzyme complex for CO2 fixations. Research on CCM‐associated metabolons has also inspired biologists to engineer multi‐step pathways by providing anchoring points for enzyme cascades to channel intermediate metabolites towards valuable products.
A naturalist perspective of microbiology: Examples from methanogenic archaea
Authors: Boyd Eric S. , Spietz Rachel L. , Kour Manjinder , Colman Daniel R.
Published: November 2022

Storytelling has been the primary means of knowledge transfer over human history. The effectiveness and reach of stories are improved when the message is appropriate for the target audience. Oftentimes, the stories that are most well received and recounted are those that have a clear purpose and that are told from a variety of perspectives that touch on the varied interests of the target audience. Whether scientists realize or not, they are accustomed to telling stories of their own scientific discoveries through the preparation of manuscripts, presentations, and lectures. Perhaps less frequently, scientists prepare review articles or book chapters that summarize a body of knowledge on a given subject matter, meant to be more holistic recounts of a body of literature. Yet, by necessity, such summaries are often still narrow in their scope and are told from the perspective of a particular discipline. In other words, interdisciplinary reviews or book chapters tend to be the rarity rather than the norm. Here, we advocate for and highlight the benefits of interdisciplinary perspectives on microbiological subjects.
Intracellular kynurenine promotes acetaldehyde accumulation, further inducing the apoptosis in soil beneficial fungi Trichoderma guizhouenseNJAU4742 under acid stress
Authors: Zhu Han , Li Tuo , Li Chi , Liu Yang , Miao Youzhi , Liu Dongyang , Shen Qirong
Published: November 2022

In this study, the growth of fungi Trichoderma guizhouense NJAU4742 was significantly inhibited under acid stress, and the genes related to acid stress were identified based on transcriptome analysis. Four genes including tna1, adh2/4, and bna3 were significantly up‐regulated. Meanwhile, intracellular hydrogen ions accumulated under acid stress, and ATP synthesis was induced to transport hydrogen ions to maintain hydrogen ion balance. The enhancement of glycolysis pathway was also detected, and a large amount of pyruvic acid from glycolysis was accumulated due to the activity limitation of PDH enzymes. Finally, acetaldehyde accumulated, resulting in the induction of adh2/4. In order to cope with stress caused by acetaldehyde, cells enhanced the synthesis of NAD+ by increasing the expression of tna1 and bna3 genes. NAD+ effectively improved the antioxidant capacity of cells, but the NAD+ supplement pathway mediated by bna3 could also cause the accumulation of kynurenine (KYN), which was an inducer of apoptosis. In addition, KYN had a specific promoting effect on acetaldehyde synthesis by improving the expression of eno2 gene, which led to the extremely high intracellular acetaldehyde in the cell under acidic stress. Our findings provided a route to better understand the response of filamentous fungi under acid stress.
Inclusive education in New Zealand: voices from early childhood teachers
Authors: Singh Pratika , Zhang Kaili C.
Published: November 2022

This study reports data on early childhood teachers' perspectives of early childhood inclusive education in New Zealand. A qualitative method was employed for this research. The process included an internet survey questionnaire which was sent out to early childhood teachers across New Zealand. The results indicated that though early childhood teachers believed that in general, early childhood programmes in New Zealand were flexible and welcoming, they found that their programmes did not effectively respond to children with special needs. Teachers also reported the strategies they used and the difficulties that must be overcome for the successful inclusion of young children with disabilities. Implications and suggestions for the implementation of effective inclusive early childhood services are included.
Safety issues with an inter‐hospital transport of a patient with a Berlin Heart Excor biventircular assist device
Authors: Schullerer Dominikus , Schurter David , Meinhold Anke , Paal Sebastian , Staubli Susanne , Bichsel Isabelle , Dave Hitendu , Cesnjevar Robert , Schweiger Martin
Published: November 2022

Background

Interhospital transfers of pediatric patients on the Berlin Heart Excor have been published on an occasional basis.

Methods

Nowadays medicine evolves away from just feasibility towards quality and safety issues. Management tools like risk analysis have found their way into clinical practice.

Results

Exemplary, we present a case of a 20 months old boy on a Berlin Heart BiVAD Excor who underwent a 224 km ground transport. After a systematic review of the published literature, we describe our safety management with the aim was to provide highest quality of care for the transport.

Conclusion

Besides a risk analysis, we also describe our training and simulation protocol.
What is justice? A qualitative exploration with college students who endured parental incarceration or parental substance use
Authors: Abraham Munazza Saalim , Turner Briscoe , Hunter Bronwyn A.
Published: November 2022

“Justice” has evolved over time in a way that prioritizes system‐led structures of accountability through punishment. To re‐center the voices of those impacted, the current study explores perceptions of justice from 16 college students who experienced parental incarceration and/or substance use. Researchers recruited college students for in‐depth qualitative interviews and performed thematic analyses using a qualitative phenomenological approach. Four overarching themes were extracted: justice is difficult to define but should reflect proportionate consequences; the current legal system is ineffective, dehumanizing, and extensively harmful; there is bias and a lack of trust in the legal system; and alternatives to punishment towards a "justice" system, such as treatment and preventative services. Participant responses still relied on a formal legal system, rather than community, to deliver consequences and/or treatment. We discuss how participant responses align with restorative, rehabilitative, and transformative justice.
Stress radiographic assessment of collateral ligament constraints on the feline tarsocrural joint
Authors: Martin ES , Foo T , Hosgood G , Moles AD
Published: November 2022

Introduction

This cadaveric study describes the collateral ligament constraints on the feline tarsocrural joint using stress radiography.

Methods

Thirty‐six feline cadaveric hindlimbs free of orthopaedic disease were placed in a custom‐made jig and controlled stress radiography was performed before and after transection of one, or both collateral ligaments. Changes in varus and valgus deviation and pronation and supination were measured at three limb angles (extension, 120o flexion and 90o flexion).

Results

There was a significant positive percentage change in the mean angle of varus deviation after transection of the fibulocalcaneal ligament at all limb positions (extension: 41%, 120°: 78%, 90°: 63%). There was a significant positive percentage change in the mean angle of varus deviation after transection of the fibulotalar ligament at extension (14%). There was a significant positive percentage change in the mean angle of varus deviation after transection of both fibulocalcaneal and fibulotalar ligaments at all limb positions (extension: 58%, 120°: 67%, 90°: 67%), and in the mean angle of valgus deviation (100%) and supination (89%) at 90 degrees flexion. There was a significant positive percentage change in the mean angle of valgus deviation after transection of the tibiocentral ligament at all limb positions (extension: mean 79%, 120°: 43%, 90°: 49%) and the mean angle of pronation at 120 degrees flexion (10%). There was a significant positive percentage change in the mean angle of varus deviation after transection of the tibiotalar ligament at extension (11%) and at 90 degrees flexion (54%) and in the mean angle of pronation at all limb positions (extension: 11%, 120°: 19%, 90°: 32%). There was a significant positive percentage change in the mean angle of valgus deviation (extension: 255%, 120°: 172%, 90°: 176%) and pronation (extension: 58%, 120°: 134%, 90°: 76%) after transection of the tibiocentral and tibiotalar ligaments at all limb positions and in the mean angle of varus deviation at extension (13%) and 90 degrees flexion (69%).

Conclusion

The medial collateral ligaments prevent against excessive valgus deviation and pronation, and the lateral collateral ligaments prevent against excessive varus deviation and supination. At 90 degrees flexion subluxation of the talus occurs on the ipsilateral side of the ligament injury resulting in an additional direction of instability.
Opioid prescriber responsibility: A Danish drug utilization study
Authors: Pottegård Anton , Sørensen Anne Mette Skov , Olesen Morten , Rasmussen Lotte
Published: November 2022

Aims

We describe the distribution of prescribers responsible for opioid initiation and maintenance (general practice, hospital prescribers and other prescribers) in Denmark.

Methods

We leveraged data on opioid fills from a 20% sample of all Danes alive during 2000–2021.

Results

Overall, general practitioners were responsible for most treatment initiation (74% during 2000–2021) and maintenance treatment (92%). However, while hospital prescribers initiated ≈20% of treatments during 2001–2012, this increased to 35% in 2021. Similarly, hospital prescriber's share of maintenance treatment increased from 5.9% during 2000–2012 to 13% in 2021. This change was particularly pronounced for morphine initiation (48% hospital prescribers in 2021 up from 38% during 2000–2010) and oxycodone initiation (78% up from 41%). Regarding choice of opioids, codeine use dropped markedly, in particular among hospital prescribers. Tramadol was consistently the most common first choice opioid in general practice (33% in 2021), whereas its use among hospital prescribers decreased (54% during 2000–2015 to 15% in 2021). Conversely, the proportion of treatment initiation by hospital prescribers composed of morphine and oxycodone increased to 38% and 42% in 2021, respectively.

Conclusions

General practice prescribes most opioids; however, hospital prescribers are increasingly responsible for opioid prescribing, in particular initiation of morphine and oxycodone.
Working with Trauma and Dissociation in the NHS
Authors: Stubley Joanne
Published: November 2022

Using a composite clinical case, this paper describes working with complex trauma, non‐recent child sexual abuse and dissociative identity disorder within an NHS setting. The clinical work of an NHS trauma service is described in both historical and current terms. The case history elucidates the use of specialist group work for non‐recent child sexual abuse and then individual work within a trauma team setting as the diagnosis of dissociative identity disorder comes to light. The recognition of the role of shame in both non‐recent sexual abuse and dissociative identity disorder presentations serves to highlight the countertransference experiences of disbelief or inauthenticity. This is linked to the history in psychoanalysis of the shift away from external realities of abuse and to its exploration of the concept of dissociation. The question of acknowledging and attending to the reality of abuse continues to be an issue within many aspects of British psychotherapy and psychoanalysis and has perhaps added to the disbelief that the diagnosis of dissociative identity disorder often seems to engender. The consideration of setting in relation to the NHS and limitations on lengths of treatment is also addressed for these complex patients.
RenewingLinnaean taxonomy: a proposal to restructure the highest levels of theNaturalSystem
Authors: van der Gulik Peter T. S. , Hoff Wouter D. , Speijer David
Published: November 2022

During the last century enormous progress has been made in the understanding of biological diversity, involving a dramatic shift from macroscopic to microscopic organisms. The question now arises as to whether the Natural System introduced by Carl Linnaeus, which has served as the central system for organizing biological diversity, can accommodate the great expansion of diversity that has been discovered. Important discoveries regarding biological diversity have not been fully integrated into a formal, coherent taxonomic system. In addition, because of taxonomic challenges and conflicts, various proposals have been made to abandon key aspects of the Linnaean system. We review the current status of taxonomy of the living world, focussing on groups at the taxonomic level of phylum and above. We summarize the main arguments against and in favour of abandoning aspects of the Linnaean system. Based on these considerations, we conclude that retaining the Linnaean Natural System provides important advantages. We propose a relatively small number of amendments for extending this system, particularly to include the named rank of world (Latin alternativemundis) formally to include non‐cellular entities (viruses), and the named rank of empire (Latin alternativeimperium) to accommodate the depth of diversity in (unicellular) eukaryotes that has been uncovered. We argue that in the case of both the eukaryotic domain and the viruses the cladistic approach intrinsically fails. However, the resulting semi‐cladistic system provides a productive way forward that can help resolve taxonomic challenges. The amendments proposed allow us to: (i) retain named taxonomic levels and the three‐domain system, (ii) improve understanding of the main eukaryotic lineages, and (iii) incorporate viruses into the Natural System. Of note, the proposal described herein is intended to serve as thestarting pointfor a broad scientific discussion regarding the modernization of the Linnaean system.
Science‐informed policy decisions lead to the creation of a protected area for a wide‐ranging species at risk
Authors: Leblond Mathieu , Rudolph Tyler , Boisjoly Dominic , Dussault Christian , St‐Laurent Martin‐Hugues
Published: November 2022

Protected areas are needed to conserve nature and biodiversity worldwide. The province of Québec (Canada) recently established a large wilderness area affording significant habitat protection for boreal woodland caribou (Rangifer tarandus caribou), a wide‐ranging species at risk. We describe a decision support framework combining ecological modeling with socioeconomic constraints that ultimately led to the creation of this protected area. Multiple criteria were used to identify candidate protected areas for boreal caribou. These had to be large in size (>10,000 km2) and located in regions where available high‐quality habitat was threatened by development pressures. Candidate areas also had to contribute substantively to the maintenance of functional habitat connectivity, be exempt from major industrial developments and recent fires, and required evidence of recent use by caribou. Five candidate protected areas emerged from this exercise. Key regional stakeholders were consulted, thereby strengthening advocacy for land designation, and boundaries were refined through their input, which helped further reduce socioeconomic conflicts. This process involved difficult compromises, but eventually led to the legal designation on March 4, 2021 of a new protected area for boreal caribou known as the Caribous‐Forestiers‐de‐Manouane‐Manicouagan. We show how our science‐informed decision support framework was instrumental in the success of this endeavor, and describe the obstacles overcame in the process, so that other jurisdictions may draw from this experience in their efforts to achieve similar conservation goals.
Endoscopic ablation therapy for the pancreatic neoplasms
Authors: Matsumoto Kazuyuki , Kato Hironari
Published: November 2022

Recently, endoscopic ultrasound (EUS)‐guided ablation therapy has been reported as a less invasive therapy for patients with pancreatic neoplasms. Some ablation techniques, including injective ablation (using ethanol or other ablative agents), radiofrequency ablation (RFA), photodynamic therapy, and laser ablation, have been described in the literature. Among these, injective ablation and RFA are more frequently used for treating pancreatic neoplasms. Few studies have evaluated the effectiveness of EUS‐guided ethanol ablation (EUS‐EA) for potentially malignant solid neoplasms (neuroendocrine neoplasms or solid pseudopapillary neoplasms) and have reported a complete response (CR) rate of 60–80%. In addition, the CR rate after EUS‐RFA for these lesions has been reported to be 55–100%, with no additional procedure‐related adverse events (AEs). Regarding the amelioration of the symptoms of an insulinoma, the success rates of both the therapies were found to be excellent. Regarding complete tumor ablation, EUS‐RFA appeared to be superior to EUS‐EA. Although EUS‐RFA has been reported as a safe treatment for pancreatic cancers, its effectiveness remains inadequate. Some studies have examined the effectiveness of EUS‐guided injection ablation therapy for pancreatic cystic neoplasms (PCNs) and have reported CR rates that range from 35% to 79%. Alcohol‐free chemotherapeutic agent ablation appears to be effective, with a low risk of AEs. However, studies on the effectiveness of EUS‐RFA for PCNs are limited. In the future, EUS‐guided ablation therapy could become a more widely used approach for potentially malignant and malignant pancreatic lesions.
Oral and maxillofacial emergencies: A retrospective study of 5220 cases in West China
Authors: Zhou Jing , Wan Ting , Miao Rong , Tang Wei , Liu Lei , Long Jie , Jing Wei
Published: November 2022

Background/Aim

There are no epidemiological reports focused on the oral and maxillofacial surgery emergency department in the West China Hospital of Stomatology. The aim of this study was to analyse the epidemiological characteristics of emergency patients admitted for Trauma and Plastic Surgery Department of the West China Hospital of Stomatology from 2016–2019.

Materials and Methods

In this retrospective study, 5220 patients with complete medical records were evaluated. The following data were collected: gender, age, etiology, disease type distribution, anatomic injury site and treatment modality.

Results

There were 3046 males and 2174 females (ratio 1.40:1), with an average age of 16.2 years. The largest group was children aged between 3 and 6 years old (28.3%). Maxillofacial injuries were the most common condition (87.3%), which mostly occurred on the forehead (29.7%), followed by the lips (27.8%). A fall was the leading cause of injury (59.9%), especially in patients younger than 6 years old. There were 327 cases of maxillofacial space infections (MSI), and the mandibular third molars were the most common tooth associated with odontogenic infections (36.2%). Univariable analysis identified that multiple‐space infection, visit time and systemic conditions were the risk factors for being admitted to the hospital for treatment. There were 116 patients (2.2%) with bleeding as the main complaint, and most of the maxillofacial bleeding patients could be stopped by compression (52.6%).

Conclusion

Males and children aged younger than 6 years were the highest risk populations. Trauma accounted for the majority of emergency patients in maxillofacial surgery. Most maxillofacial injuries involved the forehead and were mainly caused by accidental falls. The proportion of MSI was not high, but serious cases may be life‐threatening. The causes of bleeding were diverse, and the bleeding was easy to control.
Occult ischemic bone lesions in children with sickle cell disease: A study of prevalence
Authors: Voi Vincenzo , Turrini Silvia , Mattavelli Margherita , Vigliani Valentina , Margarita Giuseppe , Ferrero Giovanni Battista
Published: November 2022

Introduction

Avascular necrosis (AVN) is a severe complication of sickle cell disease (SCD) and involves principally the femoral head. Few data exist about the prevalence of lesions in other segments.

Methods

In this cross‐sectional study, 42 children (20 males and 22 females) underwent a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the spine, upper arms, and femurs. The primary outcome was to define the prevalence and locations of bone infarcts.

Results

Forty‐two patients completed the study; the total median age was 11.9 years (interquartile range = 9.5–13.9). Eleven patients (26.2%) were positive for altered bone findings for a total of 32 lesions. Most of the lesions were in the humerus 17 (53.1%), 11 (34.4%) in the femurs, and 4 (12.5%) in the vertebrae. The median number of vaso‐occlusive crises (VOCs) was two and four for patients without and with bone lesions, respectively (p = .01). The annual rate of VOC is the best marker for the positive MRI (odds ratio = 82.6; p = .03), and it is correlated with the number of sites involved (p = .02).

Conclusions

Our study highlights that the prevalence of skeletal lesions could be underestimated, and it provides the basis for clinical reasoning and tailored therapy in SCD children.
Influence of Mg‐substitution on structural and electrical properties of ion‐conducting Ca‐doped tri‐yttrium gallate
Authors: Singh Pragati , Pandey Raghvendra , Singh Prabhakar
Published: November 2022

The signature of oxide ion conductivity was perceived in acceptor‐doped (alkaline‐earth metals) Y3GaO6. An acceptor doping of 2%Ca in Y3GaO6 (i.e., Y2.94Ca0.06GaO6) has been found to exhibit a remarkable conductivity. The present work examines the conductivity behavior of 2% Ca‐doped tri‐yttrium gallate (Y2.94Ca0.06GaO6) and also the effect of Mg‐substitution on the phase formation and electrical conductivity of Y2.94Ca0.06GaO6 for its possible application as a solid electrolyte. Polycrystalline dense ceramic samples of Y2.94Ca0.06Ga1−xMgxO6−δ (with x = .00–.04) were fabricated using the conventional solid‐state reaction route. The X‐ray diffraction patterns were recorded to confirm the phase formation. The solid solubility limit of Mg2+ at Ga3+ site was found for x < .03. All the samples were observed to exhibit orthorhombic structure with Cmc21 symmetry (ICSD no.: 155086). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) morphology reveals dense polygonal grains with vibrant grain boundaries. A significant increase in the conductivity is observed by substituting 1 mol% of Mg2+ at the Ga3+ site of Y2.94Ca0.06Ga1−xMgxO6−δ. However, a further addition of higher dopant concentration of Mg2+ leads to a decline in the electrical conductivity. A relationship between the dopant concentration, phase formation, and structural characterizations has been established to analyze the conductivity behavior.
Elimination of ƞ phase in WC–Co cemented carbides during laser powder bed fusion by powder coating compensation strategy
Authors: Wang Yemin , Zhang Lei , Yang Yafeng , Kondoh Katsuyoshi , Sun Linbing , Lu Yanan
Published: November 2022

The formation of ƞ phase induced by the C‐loss for the laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) of WC–Co cemented carbides largely deteriorates the fracture toughness. The current approach of mixing C additive into powder cannot mitigate the ƞ phase formation. This study proposed a new carbon compensation strategy of coating carbon resource on powder surface by fluidized bed chemical vapor deposition to address this issue. C nanoparticles and carbon nanotubes (CNTs) were selectively deposited on WC–Co powder to make uniform C‐ and CNTs‐coated powders by tuning the deposition temperature. Compared with CNTs‐coated powder and C–WC–Co powder mixtures, the C‐coated powder was more effective in impeding the ƞ phase formation because it had higher reactivity and stronger dissolution ability to compensate the C‐loss in the Co–W–C liquid. However, the single‐carbon compensation was not enough to eliminate the ƞ phase due to the extreme nonequilibrium characteristics of LPBF, which required secondary heat treatment. The conventional heat treatment procedure of 1000°C for 3 h eliminated the ƞ phase for the C‐coated powder but failed for the C–WC–12Co powder mixtures. Because of the absence of ƞ phase, the heat‐treated sample made from C‐coated powder exhibited the highest transverse rupture strength.