CREATION PRINCIPLES OF SUSTAINABLE PUBLIC ARCHITECTURE BUILDING ON THE WORLD PRACTICE EXAMPLE
Authors:   Odessa State Academyof Civil Engineering and Architecture, Urenev V. , Bakhtin D. ,   Odessa State Academyof Civil Engineering and Architecture
Published: April 2021

In the last decade, including in relation to architecture, it is widely used the concept of "sustainability". This term correlates with the Sustainable Concep development), adopted by the UN as a strategic direction since the 1980s. The UN Commission on Environment and Development "Our Common Future" is sustainable development is defined as the way in which ―the needs of the present generation are met without limiting the ability of the next generation to meet its needs. " In the article, the authors consider the concept of sustainable architecture, which has been developing in recent years and offers solutions to urban planning and architecture through sustainable development in the field of construction and architecture. Technical opportunities for the development of architecture of the XXI century. are impressive in scale. At the same time, more and more architects have to take into account the significant impact that their projects have on the development of urban and natural environments. Urban architecture is still going by creating high-rise projects and compacting urban development. Modern metropolitan cities, being held hostage to the past path of their development and still little changed approaches to them buildings are gradually becoming a multi-factor problem, threatening the peace and security of residents. One of the ways to solve this problem is the concept of sustainable architecture that has emerged in the last decade. Its use by experts proves thatArchitecture of the XXI century. not only can maximize comfort and safety space for people, but also able to change the appearance of cities and improve their true state. Sustainable architecture allows you to create projects that meet the needs of people and at the same time, they not only take care of the conservation of natural resources, but also improve their condition environment. Well-known British architect N. Foster metaphorically defines the stand architecture as "a way to reach the maximum with minimal means". In the context of these processes, it must be acknowledged that architects can have a significant impact on restoration ecological balance and ensuring a high quality of life for people, creating architectural an environment that satisfies human needs while preserving or even improving the state of nature. Such an architectural environment is sustainable. It should be noted at the outset that the term in the scientific literature is clearly defined missing. This article aims to clarify the definition of sustainable architecture and to specify its basic principles in the analysis of both theoretical works and existing architectural solutions. Because sustainable architecture focuses primarily on technology characteristics of objects, their aesthetic expressiveness and style qualities become certain a problem that is not addressed in this text but is clearly understood by the authors. The term "sustainable architecture" has become widespread, leading to some leveling its value. The absence of clear boundaries in the definition may make it possible to overlook a sustainable architecture that in reality is only indirectly related to resilience. Not only consumers and users can be misled by this definition architectural objects, but investors and participants in the construction process. Along with the term "sustainable architecture" is often used by such concepts as "green architecture", "eco-sustainable construction", "ecological architecture", "low-cost architecture", "high technology architecture", "bioclimatic architecture", "Energy efficient and smart construction". All of these concepts are related in various ways to the technology of construction and operation of buildings, which aims to reduce consumption energy and material resources while maintaining or improving quality buildings and the comfort of their indoor environment. However, not all of them indicate qualitative, generic features of architecture as an aesthetic kind of project activity. The authors show the evolution in the field of construction from energy efficient architecture - to green architecture and further to sustainable architecture. Refine definitions of sustainable architecture, explore principles and criteria for evaluating sustainable architecture of public buildings and structures. The main purpose of the article is to find out the essence of the concept of sustainable architecture, its necessity and perspective in modern urban planning. To accomplish this, some problems need to be solved. Expand the concept of sustainable architecture, explore the principles and criteria for evaluating sustainable architecture, analyze the world experience of creating sustainable architecture in concrete examples, and show the prospects for the development and implementation of the concept of sustainable architecture in the world and in Ukraine. Sustainable architecture is a must for the functional (utility), technical (durability) and aesthetic (beauty) properties. The article provides examples of world-class sustainable architecture projects that create sustainable architectural environments and clearly demonstrate their superiority over traditional objects. The concept of sustainable architecture is very relevant for Ukraine.