bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Acute Post-Transfusion Pneumonia: About a Case
Authors: Rjimati M. , Biaz Z. , Amara B. , Elbiaze M. , Benjelloun MC. , Serraj M.
Published: April 2023

Acute post-transfusion pneumopathy or TRALI (acronym for ''transfusion-related acute lung injury''), is defined by an acute respiratory distress syndrome occurring within six hours of a transfusion. It is a classic complication of LBP (Labile Blood Products) transfusion. Recent data have contributed to a better understanding of its mechanisms, two of which are well defined: an immunological conflict on the one hand, and activation of neutrophils by lipid factors on the other. The treatment of TRALI is of lesional pulmonary edema: oxygen therapy and respiratory assistance. We report a case of acute post-transfusion pneumonia, which occurred in a 23-year-old young man following the transfusion of a platelet pellet.
Therapeutic Phlebotomy Revisited: A Review
Authors: Ahmad Dr. Sharique , Arora Dr. Shriya , Baqar Dr. Tanish
Published: April 2023

Therapeutic phlebotomy is the removal of red blood cells or serum iron from the blood. It is one of the preferred treatments for blood disorders. In ancient times this process was known as bloodletting. Generalized method included were venesection and arteriotomy and systemic methods included were cupping and by leeches. It stimulates bone marrow stem cells to generate new red blood cells (RBCs). Iron for hemoglobin synthesis is taken from the body thus reducing serum iron. Different indications of therapeutic phlebotomy include Polycythemia Vera, Hemochromatosis, Porphyria cutanea tarda, Sickle cell disease, Non-Alcoholic Fatty liver disease (NAFLD) with hyperferritinemia. Other methods available for reducing RBC and iron level include apheresis and administration of desferroxamine. Phlebotomy can cause rare adverse effects, such as thrombosis, mostly seen in patients with polycythemia Vera. Other adverse effects include Hematoma at phlebotomy site. Usually hematoma is mild but in severe cases can cause damage in nerves and surrounding tissue. Haemoconcentration, extravasation, Syncope and Fainting, petechiae, Excessive Bleeding, edema, arterial puncture, pain and anemia are some of the adverse effects caused by therapeutic phlebotomy. Unsafe phlebotomy can expose patients and health workers to various infections like Hepatitis B virus (HBV), Hepatitis C virus (HCV) and Human Immunodeficiency virus (HIV); syphilis and malaria. Different countries have approved allogenic use of blood units obtained from therapeutic phlebotomy. Mostly blood collected from patients with hemochromatosis is permitted. The article also discusses criteria for initiating therapeutic phlebotomy and various regimen followed in different diseases.
Comparison of Outcome between Ostomy Closure with Permanent Synthetic Mesh and Conventional Technique without Mesh to Prevent Incisional Hernia
Authors: Barai Dr. Shyamal Chandra , Sheikh Md. Shahadot Hossain , Taher Dr. Abu , Paul Dr. Zhuma Rani , Hyder Dr. Chowdhury Sazzad , Saha Dr. Krishna Pada , Or-Rashid Dr. Mohammad Haroon , Alam Dr. Ishtiaq , Pal Dr. Arun Kumar , Uddin Dr. Mohammad Azim
Published: April 2023

Background: Stomal site incisional hernia is a common complication following ostomy closure. Prophylactic mesh reinforcement of the fascial defect is typically not considered due to the contaminated nature of the case. The effectiveness of prophylactic mesh placement at the time of stoma closure is unknown because of fear of mesh infection and subsequent wound complications. Purpose: To compare the results obtained by placing synthetic mesh in the stoma site during closure with conventional technique without mesh to prevent incisional. Patients and Methods: Prospective interventional study had been designed to compare the outcome of permanent synthetic mesh placement at the time of ostomy closure. Total 45 patients were selected purposively who were candidates for ostomy closure and presented at the Department of Colorectal Surgery, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU) from April 2019 to September 2020 and divided into two groups (no mesh and mesh). In the mesh group, permanent synthetic mesh (ProleneTM – Polypropylene) was placed. Primary outcome, incisional stomal hernia was assessed at regular follow-up for one year along with associated morbidities. Results: The primary outcome of this study i.e. incisional hernia (stomal site) was observed among 1 (4.8%) patients at 4th week, 3 (14.3%) at 3rd month, 7 (33.3%) at 6th month and 8 (38.1%) at 12th month follow-up in no mesh group. And, only 1 patient at 6th month and 12th month follow-up had hernia in the mesh group (Figure 3). There was no difference statistically between no mesh and mesh groups at 4th week and 3rd month but significant difference found at 6th and 12th month follow-up (p=0.280, p=0.344, p=0.033 and p=0.017, respectively). Conclusion: Prophylactic placement of permanent polypropylene mesh during ostomy closure placement significantly reduced the rate of incisional hernia without any additional morbidity. Placement of mesh was found to be both safe and effective.
Weediness of spring barley crops depending on the forecrop in the Eastern Forest-Steppe of Ukraine
Authors: Hutianskyi R. , Popov S. , Kuzmenko N. , Bezpalko V.
Published: April 2023

Goal. To determine the species composition of weeds, their dominant role, and to establish the type and level of weediness of spring barley crops grown after sugar beet, corn for grain ½ + soybean ½ and spring barley as forecrops in the conditions of the Eastern Forest-Steppe of Ukraine.

Methods. The investigations were conducted in field experiments, in a stationary field, fixed nine-course-fallow-grain-row crop rotation and in monoculture of spring barley by means of route surveys.

results. According to our research during 2011—17, in spring barley crops 56 species of weed plants were revealed. In the conditions of crop rotation, 47 and 50 species were found, respectively, in the fields of culture after sugar beets and corn for grain ½ + soybean ½ as forecrops, and 29 species in monoculture. Spring early and late weed plants are represented in the largest number (48.0—65.5%), and the second and third places were respectively occupied by wintering, winter and biennial (24.1—32.0%), and perennial (10.4—21.3%). The main species of weeds in spring barley crops were: Setaria glauсa, Echinochloa crus-galli, Chenopodium album, Amaranthus retroflexus, Solanum nigrum, Ambrosia artemisiifolia, Polygonum lapathifolium, Stachys annua, Fallopia convolvulus, Malva neglecta, Polygonum aviculare, Cirsium arvense, Convolvulus arvensis after sugar beets as forecrop; S. glauсa, E. crus-galli, C. album, A. retroflexus, S. nigrum, A. artemisiifolia, P. lapathifolium, S. annua, Xanthium strumarium, C. arvense, C. arvensis after corn for grain ½ + soybean ½ as forecrops; S. glauсa, E. crus-galli, A. retroflexus, S. nigrum, X. strumarium, Avena fatua, C. arvense, C. arvensis after spring barley as forecrop. In spring barley crops, the largest proportion of dominance and subdominance (in total) was: A. retroflexus (72%) after sugar beets as forecrop; S. nigrum (72%) and C. arvense (71%) after corn for grain ½ + soybean ½ as forecrops; S. glauсa (72%) and E. crus-galli (71%) in monoculture. The type of weediness of spring barley crops depended on the forecrop, and the level of weediness depended on the year of research.

Conclusions. It was established that in the conditions of the Eastern Forest-Steppe of Ukraine, the forecrop significantly affects the species composition of weeds, their dominant role and the type of weediness of spring barley crops.
Study of the toxic effect of insecticides on the honey bee: methodological recommendations
Authors: Vlasova O. , Sekun M. , Zatserklyana M.
Published: April 2023

Goal. Improving the methodology for assessing the toxicity and potential safety of insecticides for the honey bee.

Methods of determining the toxicity of insecticides for bees — laboratory and field. Laboratory experiments determine the toxicity of insecticides for bees, and field experiments determine the degree of danger of drugs at the concentrations used in production, with the establishment of the terms of detoxification in plants and the nature of the danger for insects. To evaluate the gastric and combined toxicity of insecticides, the principle of group feeding of bees with poisoned feed was used. Contact toxicity of insecticides was assessed using the etched screen method.

Results. A methodology for studying the toxicity of insecticides is proposed. It provides an opportunity to study the contact, gastric and total toxicity of insecticides for the honey bee (Apis mellifera L.). Experiments were conducted to study the toxicity of biological preparations for honey bees. The speed and duration of the toxic effect of insecticides and their repellent activity on bees were established. The method of processing material for toxicological studies has been improved. Methods for calculating the toxicity criteria of insecticides have been developed.

Conclusions. Improved methods of determining the contact, gastric (oral) and combined poisoning of honey bees with chemical preparations are given, and the method of assessing the level of toxicity of insecticides for insects is improved.
Іnfluence of crop pollution on development i maize productivity
Authors: Sergienko V. , Tyshchuk O. , Borodai V.
Published: April 2023

Goal. To study the reserves of weed seeds in the soil and to determine the influence of weediness of crops on the development and productivity of corn.

Methods. Informational and analytical (collection of materials and analysis of literary sources), field and laboratory research (setting up experiments, soil analysis, monitoring plant development, determination of biometric indicators, accounting for the number of weeds, collection and determination of crop structure), mathematical and statistical (processing of research results). The design of the field experiment included weeded and weed-protected plots.

Results. In the forest-steppe zone of Ukraine, with intensive corn cultivation technology, the average number of weeds in the soil from emergence to row closure was at the level of 250—425 weeds/m2. Determining the number and species composition of segetal vegetation made it possible to establish that the corn crops are dominated by a mixed type of weediness with the dominance of annual dicotyledonous and grassy weeds. The number of dominant weeds at the beginning of the corn growing season in the experimental plots of NUBiP (Kyiv) was: Chenopodium album L. — 16 pcs./ m2, Amaranthus retroflexus L. — 23 pcs./m2, Portulaca oleracea L. — 78 pcs./ m2. In the fields of the agricultural station (Fastivskyi district), the dominant weeds were Polygonum convolvulus L., Setaria glauca L., Chenopodium album L., the number of which in the phase of 4—5 leaves was 32, 20 and 10 pcs./m2, respectively. Weeds significantly limited the growth of corn both in terms of plant height and development phases. In the phase of 9—10 leaves of corn in the weeded area, some types of weeds reached the height of the corn, accumulated a significant vegetative mass and began to form reproductive organs. The above-ground mass of weeds at the beginning of grain formation reached 995 g/m2. The pollution of the crops significantly affected the reduction of the corn yield and its structure.

Conclusions. Significant reserves of weed seeds in corn crops cause the development of segetal vegetation during its growing season. The high competitiveness of weeds was manifested in the suppression of the growth and development of the culture and the formation of the crop. Weeds form a significant vegetative mass and reproductive organs at the beginning of the development of the corn grain. On weedy crops, the yield of corn decreased by an average of 32—35%.
NEW APPROACH TO DETERMINE THE CAPITAL COST AND DISCOUNT RATE FOR EVALUATING THE EFFICIENCY OF INVESTMENT PROJECTS
Authors:   PhD in Economics, Head of Department   Research Center of the State Assets Management Agency of the Republic of Uzbekistan, Kayumov R. I. , Ismoilova M. D. ,   Master student   Tashkent State University of Economics
Published: April 2023

Based on the study of scientific literature, the article reveals the ambiguity of the interpretation of the concept “cost of capital” and shows the shortcomings of existing methods for determining the amount of cost of capital and discounting cash flows. An approach, developed by the authors to determine the value of the cost of capital and discounted cash flows in assessing the effectiveness of investment projects, is proposed for use in Uzbekistan and other countries with an insufficient level of stock market development.
ESTIMATION OF MONOPOLY POWER OF UZBEK COMMERCIAL BANKS BASED ON LERNER INDEX
Authors:   Senior lecturer, «Investments» Department   Banking and Finance Academy of the Republic of Uzbekistan, Khannaev Sh. K.
Published: April 2023

In this article, the Lerner index was used to assess the monopoly power of Uzbek banks. The Lerner index was estimated by calculating marginal costs based on the translog function of total costs. Banks operating in Uzbekistan in 1999-2018 were selected for the analysis. The analysis was conducted over the years based on the form of ownership of banks. It has been empirically proven that the monopoly power of banks has decreased over time. According to the form of ownership, banks were analyzed by state banks, joint-stock commercial banks, private banks, and foreign banks. The analysis showed that the state-owned banks had more monopoly power, while the private banks to a limited extent. The monopoly power of indirectly state-owned banks declined over time, as well as the average Lerner index of foreign banks has also declined. However, the monopoly position of foreign banks has increased compared to banks with other forms of ownership.
METHODS OF LEGALIZATION OF LAUNDERING OF PROCEEDS FROM CRIME THROUGH THE BANKING SYSTEM
Authors:   PhD student ,  Tashkent State University of Economics, Ganiev A. N.
Published: April 2023

The problem of combating money laundering in our country is an important component of ensuring economic security. The article, along with theoretical views regarding the concept of money laundering methods through the banking system, is aimed to study its significance for the development of the country, in particular of the regions, and draw conclusions on the importance of timely economic security. To achieve this goal, a three-stage model of money laundering was used, i.e. money laundering using bank promissory note transactions, money laundering in the securities market, and methods of money laundering using separate accounts. Based on the results of the research, the author developed various methods and schemes of money laundering through the banking system in order to legalize criminal proceeds and their impact on economic security.
METHODS OF SUBJECTIVE EVALUATION THE EFFICIENCY OF LEASING SERVICES
Authors:   Lecturer, «Financial and Insurance Services» Department , Samarkand Institute of Economics and Service, Latipova Shahnoza
Published: April 2023

The study of the features of assessing the effectiveness of leasing services as a way of financing investment projects in the financial market, in contrast to other alternative methods, is considered especially relevant. The increase in investment in the modernization of fixed assets and the further expansion of its capabilities through the leasing mechanism is ensured by evaluating the effectiveness of this activity. Therefore, the purpose of the following study is to develop recommendations on the application of methods for assessing the effectiveness of this service for all participants in a leasing operation. To achieve this goal, we analyzed the cash flows observed when using credit and leasing as a way of financing fixed assets for each participant in a leasing operation. As a result, a comprehensive system for evaluating the methodological aspects of attracting financial resources for the modernization of enterprises through leasing has been proposed.
Comparing the Performance of Different Supervised Learning Algorithms
Authors: Matura Rishi , Thakur Rajneesh , Prathimesh
Published: April 2023

In recent years, machine learning has grown in popularity, with applications in a wide range of industries. This study discusses the fundamentals of machine learning and its various approaches, such as supervised classifier, unsupervised classifier and reinforcement learning. Moreover, the drawbacks of machine learning, such as the requirement for a lot of labelled data, the possibility of bias in the training process etc. are studied. Finally, some of the field's potential future developments, such as the use of machine learning in areas like healthcare and finance, have been elaborated. Furthermore, two algorithms of machine learning such as Decision Tree and Naive Bayes algorithms are compared. Overall, this work provides a thorough overview of machine learning's current state and potential future impact.
Some aspects from the history of studying sarcoidosis
Authors: Lenshin A. V. , Il’in A. V. , Ignat’eva E. A. , Odireev A. N.
Published: April 2023

The word sarcoidosis comes from the Greek word “sarcoid”, meaning “having flesh or tissue”, and the Greek suffix “-osis”, meaning “condition”, referring to skin lesions on various parts of the body. Over the course of history, sarcoidosis has been consistently dealt with by physicians of various specialties. The palm of victory belongs to dermatologists, and further for quite a long period of time, phthisiatricians dealt with this problem, then pulmonologists, and, more recently, doctors of many other specialties. The term “Besnier-Boeck-Schaumann disease” was officially approved at the congress of dermatologists in Strasbourg in 1934. This name of the disease has been preserved to the present for a little less than 90 years. However, it should be noted that in recent years their names in the headlines and texts of articles are mentioned much less frequently. To our knowledge in the PubMed information registry, only one paper was published in 2022 on various clinical and experimental studies of sarcoidosis, which mentions the name of the disease as “BesnierBoeck-Schaumann disease”. For illustration, several presentations of own clinical and radiological observations are given, identical in their pathogenetic parameters, noticed and described for the first time by Besnier, Boeck, Schaumann and Löfgren. These presentations are formed using modern diagnostic technologies, which significantly expand the visualization possibilities of sarcoidosis variants and fully reveal the fullness of the symptom complexes that were noticed and described by the path-breakers of sarcoidosis.
Oxidative stress in peripheral blood leukocytes of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Authors: Kotova O. O. , Gassan D. A. , Sugaylo I. Yu. , Naumov D. E. , Gorchakova Y. G. , Sheludko E. G.
Published: April 2023

Introduction.It is known that oxidative stress causes pathological changes in the tissues and organs of the human body and in many cases it can explain the disorders associated with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).

Aim.The aim of the study was to investigate the degree of oxidative stress in peripheral blood leukocytes of COPD patients.

Materials and methods. We examined 23 patients with COPD of varying severity, 8 smokers without signs of bronchial obstruction and 9 healthy volunteers who had never smoked. All subjects underwent spirometry to assess lung function. The level of oxidative stress was determined using flow cytometry by adding 10 µM 2',7'-dichloro dihydrofluorescein diacetate to isolated peripheral blood leukocytes, in basal conditions and under pro-inflammatory stimulation with 0.1 ng/ml phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate (PMA).

Results.Patients with COPD demonstrated elevated levels of intracellular oxidative stress compared with controls both under basal conditions and during PMA stimulation (p<0.05). When analyzed in subgroups, stimulation led to a significant increase in oxidative stress regardless of cell type (p<0.01). Smokers tend to have elevated measured values, occupying an intermediate position between non-smokers and COPD patients. The absolute increase in the oxidative stress index was higher in the cells of COPD patients; the values of the relative increase were almost identical in the studied groups. The dynamics of oxidative stress in the cells of smokers tended to be more pronounced than in non-smokers.

Conclusion.The obtained results indicate that the leukocytes of COPD patients are characterized by a higher level of intracellular oxidative stress. In addition, smoking has been found to be a factor of oxidative stress development in healthy individuals.
আঞ্চলিক সহযোগিতা
Authors: মোঃ শামসুল আলম কাজী
Published: April 2023

নাই
সার-সংক্ষেপ লিখন
Authors: ভূইঞা মোশাররফ হোসাইন
Published: April 2023

নাই
КЛАССИФИКАЦИЯ КРАСНОКНИЖНЫХ ВИДОВ РАСТЕНИЙ ЧЕЧЕНСКОЙ РЕСПУБЛИКИ ПО ОТНОШЕНИЮ К ВЛАЖНОСТИ В СРЕДЕ ОБИТАНИЯ
Authors: Атагаева М.Р. , Умаева А.М. , Гайсумов Р.М.
Published: April 2023

В данной статье проводится анализ краснокнижных видов растений по отношению к влажности в зависимости от их места обитания. Анализ приведен на основе обработки полевых наблюдений, а также с использованием и обобщением литературных источников. Нами было рассмотрены основные группы растений. В статье представлены гигрофиты, мезофиты и ксерофиты. Также мы выделили отдельно гигромезофиты, мезоксерофиты и ксеромезофиты.
ГЕМАТОЛОГИЧЕСКИЕ ПОКАЗАТЕЛИ У СТУДЕНТОВ С РАЗНОЙ ДВИГАТЕЛЬНОЙ АКТИВНОСТЬЮ
Authors: Дадаева Х.Х. , Кахиева Д.К. , Атуева Э.Х.-А.
Published: April 2023

Исследование периферической крови представлено важнейшими диагностическими методами. Существует много различных современных методик для диагностики системы крови, одной из которых является анализ крови. Органы кроветворения являются наиболее чувствительными к любым воздействиям на организм как внутренней, так и внешней среды и проявляют общую картину крови, которая является отражением этих воздействий.
Снижение двигательной активности приводит к уменьшению различных функций и адаптационного резерва организма студентов, с включением дезадаптационных регуляторных механизмов, которые имеют место проявляться в ходе учебного процесса, приводящих к ухудшению работоспособности и повышенной утомляемости.
STRUCTURAL MODEL OF THE NATIONAL SPATIAL DATA SYSTEM OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION
Authors:   Federal Service for State Registration, Cadastre and Cartography, Moscow, Russia, Martynova Elena V.
Published: April 2023

The National Spatial Data System (NSDS) is a digital mechanism for the development of the Russian economy. In the article it is considered the NSDS structure, which includes various levels of management. The functioning of these levels is provided by a system of interrelated goals and the interaction of participating organizational and economic entities. The article examines the structure of the NSPD, which covers various levels of management, and also proves that the structural model of the NSPD allows you to create a concept of ensuring its quality and develop appropriate indicators.
UPAYA MENINGKATKAN KETERAMPILAN GURU DALAM MENULIS KARYA ILMIAH BERBASIS PENELITIAN TINDAKAN KELAS DI KABUPATEN MANGGARAI TIMUR
Authors: Ricardus Jundu  , Valeria Suryani Kurnila  , Eufrasia Jeramat  , Bedilius Gunur  , Apolonia Hendrice Ramda  , Viviana Murni  , Fulgensius Efrem Men  , Ferdinandus Ardian Ali  , Sebastianus Fedi
Published: April 2023

Upaya Meningkatkan Keterampilan Guru dalam Menulis Karya Ilmiah Berbasis Penelitian Tindakan Kelas di Kabupaten Manggarai Timur. Kegiatan pengabdian ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan kompetensi guru dalam menulis karya ilmiah. Kegiatan ini sangat bermanfaat bagi guru guna menunjang profesionalismenya dalam berkarya. Guru perlu dilatih dan dibimbing sehingga memiliki keterampilan dalam penulisan karya ilmiah, terutama karya ilmiah yang berbasis penelitian tindakan kelas (PTK). Keuntungan yang diperoleh guru, yaitu peningkatan kualitas pembelajaran berbasis research dan peningkatan keterampilan menulis karya ilmiah. Pelaksanaan kegiatan ini dilakukan dalam dua tahap yaitu pelatihan dan bimbingan penulisan karya ilmiah berbasis PTK. Hasilnya menunjukkan bahwa guru rumpun Matematika dan IPA di SMPN 1 Borong dan SMP Stanislaus memahami cara menulis karya ilmiah untuk meningkatkan kualitas pembelajaran berbasis PTK dan membagikan informasi serta pengalamannya melalui publikasi ilmiah.
The Politics of Power and Resistance in Gurnah's 'Afterlives'
Authors: - Pallavi Saxena
Published: April 2023

Abdulrazak Gurnah's 'Afterlives' is a thought-provoking novel that delves into the themes of power and resistance, offering a deep commentary on the intricate dynamics of politics and its impact on individual lives. Set in post-colonial Zanzibar, the novel follows the struggles of its characters as they navigate the complex web of power relations that shape their world. Gurnah's masterful weaving of the personal and political illuminates how the exercise of power and the resistance it elicits can shape the trajectories of entire communities. Through nuanced portrayals of power dynamics, 'Afterlives' offers a powerful reflection on the enduring legacy of colonialism and the challenges of forging a just and equitable society. The novel is an important exploration of the interplay between power and resistance, highlighting the impact on individuals and communities alike.
The present paper is an attempt to explore the politics of power and resistance in 'Afterlives'. It strives to examine the various strategies employed by both the colonizers and the colonized for dominion and power. It also delves deep into the ethical implications of these power struggles, particularly in relation to the legacy of colonialism and its ongoing impact on contemporary African society. It aims to assert that Afterlives' is a powerful testament to the resilience and creativity of the colonized, and a compelling critique of the oppressive power structures of colonialism.
Teaching English Language through Short Story
Authors: - Amiya Kumar Mondal
Published: April 2023

Literature has a number of interesting genres. The short story is one of them. We know that language items including grammatical items must not be taught to students out of context. They should be taught to them effectively only when they are presented in context. A short story is very rich in language items. There language items are : Verb Patterns, synonyms, connotative and denotative meanings, the use of Prepositions, articles, type of sentences : Simple, Complex, Compound, Assertive, Interrogative, Imperative, Optative, Exclamatory, different types of phrases and clauses and their function, Negative sentences, voice change, narrative change, phrasal verb, idioms & idiomatic expression, collocation, hyponyms, meronyms, transformations.

Literature plays an important role in teaching four basic language skills like listening skill, speaking skill, reading skill and Writing skill. However, when teaching language using literature in the classroom, skills should be taught in an integrated way. The short story is no doubt, a very fascinating and mindboggling genres. We read a short story for pleasure and entertainment and for comprehension. A short story consists of a variety of important components e.g. theme, plot structure, plot, climax, epiphany, humour, irony, figure of speech or tropes, stylistic devices, flashback, point of view, etc. The student must have a good knowledge about those ingredients of a short story.

There is a wide potpourri of activities which students have to master in order to appreciate a short story. They must know the setting and background of a short story. The setting determines the tone of a short story. The tone may be happy, sad or the tone may reflect a blend of joy and sorrow. The setting refers to the time and place of the short story. There is no short story without a conflict. Conflict may be external or internal. External conflict is between man and man, man and nature, whereas internal conflict remains in a character. A character exhibits internal conflict when she or he remains in a dilemma. Character portrayal is an important aspect of a short story. A character can be dynamic or flat. A dynamic character is one who undergoes a change whereas a flat character does not undergo a change.

Imagery is another significant part of a short story. There are various types of images - tactile, gustatory, visual, aural, olfactory, concrete, abstract, natural. These images are of wide significant as through them the message, tone and mood of a short story are conveyed meaningfully. Teaching short story can be done through the integrated approach (integration of reading, speaking, writing) as far as the teaching methodology is concerned. Appropriate and relevant tasks are set to teach the students the ingredients of short story. They are writing the gist of a short story, the traits of characters, prediction, activities, process, question, questions of inference, question of evaluation etc. In this way a short story is taught in classroom and students will acquire a good knowledge of the language.
A Study on Customer Satisfaction towards Mahindra Scorpio
Authors: - Dev Chaurdhary
Published: April 2023

This looks at goals to discover the factors that affect patron buying selections for the Mahindra Scorpio SUV. A survey became carried out amongst a sample of potential shoppers and current owners of the Scorpio, and records were analyzed using descriptive and inferential records. The effects indicate that the most essential elements that impact buying choices are product capabilities, logo photo, price, and social effect. additionally, the observer located that the perceived greatness and reliability of the Scorpio are the largest elements that make contributions to brand loyalty among current proprietors. The findings of this examination have real implications for Mahindra & Mahindra, as they can use this data to higher apprehend the needs and possibilities of their target audience and tailor their advertising strategies for this reason.
Prospective View of Indian Consumers towards Retail Banking of HDFC Bank
Authors: - Abhay Yadav
Published: April 2023

Under training in HDFC Bank, I analyzed both the customer and the competitors of the Bank. Both customers and competitor hold supreme importance in any organization all scheme and service are planned for the convenience and the satisfaction of the customer in a competitor environment Customer’s satisfaction and convenience in respect of services and working of the organization creates rapport of the organization in the market and distinguish it from its competitor’s to satisfy customers. Organization has to be taken care of the competitor’s strategies, their services offering, charges etc.In my study, I took 4 Banks and did comparison on the basis of the service they provide and the charges they charge for their services and I did it with appropriate accuracy.
Effect of Jingles in Advertisement
Authors: - Gaurav Thapa
Published: April 2023

The rising rivalry among the businesses to acquire the customers and the clutter in the mass media has given a big challenge in front of the advertisers to develop the top of the mind their brands in the thoughts of their customers. Marketers are turning out every stone to create and sustain the brand image. The promotion mix strategies—especially the advertisements—play a crucial part in developing the distinctive brand image. It is impossible to ignore the importance of a jingle in helping people remember and recognise the advertisement. Jingles are the most memorable and catchy part of any advertisement because they are musical tunes. In other words, we may argue that a strong jingle can help a brand take on a distinctive position in the minds of consumers. Customers' income has been proven to be directly correlated with the effectiveness of jingles.
A Case Study on Autism Spectrum Disorder with Low Level Attention
Authors: - Priyadhersini S. , - Aleema Isha
Published: April 2023

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is now more widely recognised in both the public and medical spheres. Developmental impairment known as autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is brought on by variations in the brain. Individuals with ASD may struggle with confined or repetitive activities or interests, as well as social communication and engagement. Moreover, people with ASD may learn, move, or pay attention in various ways. Due to the increased number of children and teenagers seeking earlier guidance, evaluation, and diagnosis, there is a strong need for services. All clinicians working with children, including primary care teams, allied healthcare professionals, educational and social care staff, must have a solid understanding of the presentation and assessment of autism spectrum disorders (ASD) and an understanding of the co-morbidities to maximise detection and minimise harm. There are standards in the identification, referral, and diagnosis of autism, even if entry points for referrals can change due to a variety of presentation and local service provision. In order to improve a child's potential, provide appropriate support, and implement focused interventions for ASD and co-occurring problems with the hope of improving outcomes, early identification is advantageous. This case study discusses autism spectrum disorder (ASD) diagnosis and offers professionals who come across a child with suspected ASD an assessment strategy.
Agri Tourism: The Paradigm Shift towards Rural Development in India
Authors: - Rita N. Khatri
Published: April 2023

Agriculture play a crucial role in the Indian economy. About 65 percent of the rural population are dependent on agricultures as it contributes 13 percent of GDP and is biggest source of employment in rural areas. Due to low agriculture productivity and poor condition the Indian farmers have to face miserable life. Providing additional income generating activities to existing agriculture would certainly increase contribution of agriculture to national GDP. Agro - Tourism will serve this purpose. Agro tourism is the latest concept in the Indian tourism industry. It gives an opportunity to experience the real enchanting and authentic connection with real life. It has a direct impact on host culture and rural community creating needed employment and opportunities for development . Therefore this research paper attempt to understand the growth of agro tourism in India and its benefits to the farmers.
Research and Development Expenditure & Environmental Sustainability: A Comparative Study for Developed and Developing Nations
Authors: - Rashmi Raj , - Reeta Tomar
Published: April 2023

Research and Development Expenditure (RDE) is one of the critical factors in economic growth that supports innovation, science, and new ideas. RDEs are frequently made toward developing solutions that lower emissions and boost efficiency, resulting in a long-term reduction in carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions. However, a thorough study of its impact on environmental sustainability is scarce and sparse. This paper compares and examines the relationship between expenditure on research and development and carbon dioxide emission, followed by other factors, such as Electricity Consumption and Exports of goods and services for 1996-2020 in developing and developed countries. The findings indicate that RDE and CO2 emissions in developing and developed countries have a negative relationship. As the share of electricity use rises, CO2 emissions will increase in developing and developed nations. However, when considering how exports impact CO2 emissions, developing nations' impacts differ from those of developed countries.
Pagerank SEO Algorithm : Issues, Complexity and Implementation
Authors: - Mpemba Ngoma Luz , - Kanyinda Kayembe Kam's , - Mayala Lemba Francis , - Likotelo Binene Camile , - Engombe Wedi Boniface , - Nsumbu Lukamba Telesphore , - Mbikayi Mpanya Jean Marcel , - Nlandu Ngunda Jean , - Mande Kumwimba Hydryce , - Balanga Koko Joe
Published: April 2023

Today, the Internet users need an optimal search for information on the web. The display of web pages within a search engine is not a mystery. This implies good mathematical modeling and good knowledge of computer science for its implementation. The web is a directed graph that must be exploited. The matrices of its graph contain a structure of the links and the navigation of the Internet user. Considering the billions of hosted websites and the dynamism of the web, its links can be added at any time. Changing this link structure impacts the PageRank. Thus, for good stability, the algorithms must be improved. PageRank algorithm that displays a good web page Search Engine Optimization (SEO) taking into account the score of each page, pay attention to many researches that make improvements day by day. Even though it is a basic formula, the PageRank algorithm makes a successful business. In this paper, we had not only implemented this algorithm in python but also explain how it works and calculated its complexity
NPA Management in Indian Scheduled Commercial Banks
Authors: - Abir Banik , - Sayan Tarafdar , - Soumyendu Mukhopadhyay
Published: April 2023

Non-performing assets are currently a major obstacle for the Indian banking sector to overcome. The quality of assets and efficiency of banks are directly proportional. An asset which includes any leased asset becomes non-performing when it ceases to generate the coveted income for the group. This paper analyses the growth of some selected NPA variables and compares them with the banking performance indicators.
Digital India : Opportunities & Challenges
Authors: - Sujata Chandrakant Patil
Published: April 2023

Government of India takes an initiative of Digital India for providing high-speed internet networks to rural areas. Digital India Mission is a program that structures and plans to connect the rural areas of the country with high-speed internet networks. Even though Public Internet Access Program is one among the nine pillars of digital India there are some challenges like - small and medium scale industry has lot of struggles for adapting this digital technology, the speed of internet doesn’t work fast, the capability of entry-level smartphones is restricted, Shortage of skilled workforce, Devoid of user-based education, Main shortcoming is that Lack of skilled manpower in the field of digital technology, Lack of user education etc. So many opportunities are to be make available to improve such as post-office branches in the rural areas have been linked electronically, the Make in India initiative may be improved at the electronic manufacturing sector in India, by using the digital era healthcare and education sector has also seen a boost, improvement in digital online infrastructure to improve and enhance the economy of the country etc. As per this discussion different suggestions are put in this paper.
Impact of Celebrity Endorsement in Marketing Campaigns on Customers
Authors: - Archikey Singh Tomer , - Dr. Ajit Kumar
Published: April 2023

A celebrity's fame and reputation are used to promote a brand or product by celebrity endorsement, sometimes also called as celebrity branding or celebrity advertising. Nonprofit groups that exploit a celebrity's fame to promote a cause or collect money for it are examples of other use cases. Alternatively, event marketers may use a celebrity's notoriety and appeal to generate buzz and prestige for their virtual or hybrid event.

It's not necessary for your chosen celebrity to be a movie star. Great branding efforts have been created by brands using several people like musicians, athletes, social media celebrities, or even artificial characters like cartoon characters. So there can be two requirements for choosing of celebrity endorsements first one is according to image which means does our values matches with that celeb and the other one is following that is the reach of the celeb how much people follow them.

Then the question arises of why we use celebrities as a marketing tool or advertising for our brand so there are several reasons in favour of it.
Study on the Meditation Methods of Mahāsatipaṭṭhāna Sutta
Authors: - Myo Thein
Published: April 2023

At one time the Blessed One was living among the Kurus, at Kammasādhamma, a market town of the Kuru people, a location corresponding to the area of New Delhi. There the Blessed One addressed the bhikkhu thus: "Monks," and they replied to him, "Venerable Sir." The Blessed One spoke as follows: “There is, monks, this one way to the purification of beings, for the overcoming of sorrow and distress, for the disappearance of pain and sadness, for the gaining of the right path, for the realization of Nibbāna: - that is to say the four foundations of mindfulness.”
In this Sutta, Buddha presented a practical method for developing self-knowledge by means of kāyānupassanā (observation of the body), vedanānupassanā (observation of sensations), cittānupassanā (observation of the mind) and dhammānupassanā (observation of the contents of the mind). The meditation practice of Mahāsi Sayārdaw was also explained, discussed and reviewed.
E-Banking Facilities A Comparative Analysis Of State Bank Of India(SBI) & Industrial Credit & Investment Corporation of India Bank (ICICI)
Authors: - Moli Tyagi , - Ms. Anam Fatima
Published: April 2023

E banking is a global component in the economy. The role of banks has been and continues to be shaped by a number of mega trend the globalization of markets, the rise of nonbank competitors, the ongoing evolution and implementation of new technologies, and deregulation and disintermediation (i.e., the movement away from the middleman role played by banks between depositors and lenders). The purpose of the report is to provide a straightforward approach to understand the e-banking services provided by the two banks and how they are different from each other, which make one bank the best from the other. An effort is made to understand the expectations of the customers with the SBI and ICICI Bank.
The Impact of Gender Discrimination on Employees Performance
Authors: - Shinu Kumari , - Vidya Daini Saran
Published: April 2023

The abstract of this research examines how gender discrimination at work affects employees' motivation, stress, and feelings of happiness. An open-ended survey was answered by 526 mixed-gender personnel from private as well as public health and education agencies within Birmingham and Jamshoro districts. The t-test for statistical independence was used to analyze the gender prejudice in the workplace. The study of the data shows that discrimination against women in the workplace was more prevalent than against males. The findings demonstrate that women face greater odds in the private sphere as compared to the public sector. The product-moment correlation coefficient was used to investigate the effect of gender discrimination on devotion, excitement, and stress coefficient. Due to gender discrimination, employees report poorer levels of satisfaction, motivation, and dedication as well as higher levels of stress. The consequences of gender discrimination in the workplace on employees' enjoyment, inspiration, devotion, and stress are explored in this paper's abstract. A total of 526 male and female personnel from the A closed-ended questionnaire was filled out by both nonprofit and for-profit health and education agencies throughout Hyderabad and Jamshoro districts. The gender bias in the workplace was evaluated using a t-test for statistical independence. The data analysis reveals that women encountered greater rates of discrimination than males did in corporate settings. The data reveal, therefore, that women experience higher discrimination opposed to the public sphere. The correlation of the Pearson product moment coefficient was used to investigate the effect of categorization based on gender on three measures of happiness: commitment and enthusiasm and stress. Workers report poorer levels of satisfaction, motivation, and dedication as well as increased stress levels owing to gender discriminations.
Toxicity Responses of the Fish Behaviour and Morphological Changes at Chromium Chloride in Hetropneustes fossilis
Authors: - Mahjabi Khan
Published: April 2023

The current aquatic studies of toxicity of chromium chloride depond on biotic or abiotic factors i.e. temperature, concentration of Metal Salt Oxidation, PH, values, alkalinity, salinity and hardness of water. The experimental fish caused external behaviour responses observed were rest lessens, jumping, erratic swimming, gulping of air at the surface, loss of equilibrium sluggishness, opercular movements and fishes lied on the water surface before death and morphological changes like, discoloration of skin pigmented patches on body, shedding of scales sedimentation of chemical on body, mucous secretion and ballooning were observed in exposed animals the observed data shown the H. fossilis can be used as a good bio-indicator for heavy metal contamination in fresh water bodies.
An Analysis of Agricultural and Horticultural Marketing in Jharkhand
Authors: - Birju Prasad Dangi
Published: April 2023

Agriculture marketing system in developing countries including India can be understood to arrange of two most important sub–systems such as product marketing and input marketing. Jharkhand is one of the most important producers of vegetable in India. About 3.2% of the gross cropped area of the state is under vegetable crops. The most important vegetable crops grown in the state in order of area covered by them are potato, tomato, lady finger, peas, cauliflower, brinjal and cabbage. The purpose of the study the paper to study of the present situations of the agricultural and horticultural marketing in Jharkhand and the agriculture and horticulture marketing channels in Jharkhand.
PENINGKATAN KEAKTIFAN PESERTA DIDIK DALAM PEMBELAJARAN MELALUI MODEL PEMBELAJARAN KOOPERATIF TIPE STAD
Authors: Septiana Yusman , Suryadi  , Anggia R Gunawan
Published: April 2023

Salah satu faktor pendukung  pembelajaran yang aktif dan efektif adalah  siswa yang aktif atau yang biasa dikenal dengan keaktifan. Siswa yang aktif cenderung lebih antusias untuk mengikuti pembelajaran, selain itu siswa yang aktif memiliki tingkat kecerdasan yang tinggi. Salah satu cara untuk meningkatkan keaktifan siswa dapat meggunakan  pembelajaran kooperatif model STAD. Dimana model ini bertujuan untuk membentuk siswa kedalam beberapa kelompok yang terdiri dari 4-5 siswa heterogen, dimana setiap kelompok terdiri dari siswa yang memiliki kecerdasan tinggi, sedang dan rendah. Dimana dengan mengelompokan siswa secara heterogen ini dapat membuat siswa menjadi aktif selama kegiatan pembelajaran, hal ini dapat dibuktikan pada penelitian yang telah dilaksanakan oleh peneltiti. Peneliti melaksanakan penelitian di sekolah SDN 037 Sabang kelas 3 dengan menggunakan lembar observasi sebagai Teknik pengumpulan data selama 2 siklus. Hasil dari pengolahan data pada siklus 1 menunjukan sebanyak 80,27% siswa sudah aktif mengikuti pembelajaran  yang sudah termasuk kategori baik yang kemudian mengalami kenaikan sebanyak 12,24% menjadi 92,97% pada siklus ke 2 dan masuk kategori sangat baik. Oleh karena itu dapat disimpulkan bahwa pembelajaran kooperatif model STAD dapat meningkatkan keaktifan siswa dalam proses pembelajaran