bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
High Precision Mesh-Based Drone Image Stitching Based on Salient Structure Preservation and Regular Boundaries
Authors: Yu Qiuze , Wang Ruikai , Liu Fanghong , Xiao Jinsheng , An Jiachun , Liu Jin
Published: March 2023

Addressing problems such as obvious ghost, dislocation, and distortion resulting from the traditional stitching method, a novel drone image-stitching method is proposed using mesh-based local double-feature bundle adjustment and salient structure preservation which aims to obtain more natural panoramas.The proposed method is divided into the following steps. First, reducing parallax error is considered from both global and local aspects. Global bundle adjustment is introduced to minimize global transfer error, and then the local mesh-based feature-alignment model is incorporated into the optimization framework to achieve more accurate alignment. Considering the sensitivity of human eyes to linear structure, the global linear structure that runs through the images obtained by segment fusion is introduced to prevent distortions and align matching line segments better. Rectangular panoramas usually have better visual effects. Therefore, regular boundary constraint combined with mesh-based shape-preserving transform can make the results more natural while preserving mesh geometry. Two new evaluation metrics are also developed to quantify the performance of linear structure preservation and the alignment difference of matching line segments. Extensive experiments show that our proposed method can eliminate parallax and preserve global linear structures better than other state-of-the-art stitching methods and obtain more natural-looking stitching results.
Square Root Convexity of Fisher Information along Heat Flow in Dimension Two
Authors: Liu Junliang , Gao Xiaoshan
Published: March 2023

Recently, Ledoux, Nair, and Wang proved that the Fisher information along the heat flow is log-convex in dimension one, that is d2dt2log(I(Xt))≥0 for n=1, where Xt is a random variable with density function satisfying the heat equation. In this paper, we consider the high dimensional case and prove that the Fisher information is square root convex in dimension two, that is d2dt2IX≥0 for n=2. The proof is based on the semidefinite programming approach.
Perspectives on the Promotion of Solid Recovered Fuels in Taiwan
Authors: Tsai Wen-Tien
Published: March 2023

Due to the economic inefficiency of material recycling of general industrial waste and urban waste, the use of solid recovered fuels (SRFs) not only mitigates the environmental loadings from waste incineration plants and sanitary landfills but also creates green electricity and/or heat and thus reduces the use of fossil fuels. In this regard, the Taiwan government formulated the “Solid Recovered Fuel Manufacturing Guidelines and Quality Standards” in 2020 to ensure the manufacturing quality of SRFs. This paper focused on the status of waste management and energy supply, the current regulations for adopting SRFs, and the challenges in the development of SRFs from the viewpoints (or life cycle) of the environmental, economic, and engineering (or technological) characters in Taiwan. Based on the database of the official handbook/yearbook, the energy supply from indigenous biomass and waste was 1678.7 × 103 kiloliters of oil equivalent (KLOE) in 2021, which only accounted for about 1.2% of the total energy supply. Obviously, available indigenous biomass and waste for producing SRFs were mostly from waste wood, sugarcane bagasse, and mixtures containing wood/paper. Finally, some suggestions for the increasing use of SRFs in the energy and industrial sectors were addressed to keep in step with the sustainable development goals (SDGs) in 2030, especially in the mitigation of GHG emissions.
Design and Implementation of a Particulate Matter Measurement System for Energy-Efficient Searching of Air Pollution Sources Using a Multirotor Robot
Authors: Suchanek Grzegorz , Filipek Roman , Gołaś Andrzej
Published: March 2023

Analyzing air pollutants is of key importance for the environmental protection goals. High concentrations of particulate matter (PM) have a particularly negative impact on human life and health. The use of an autonomous multirotor flying robot (drone) for the purposes of locating PM sources requires the design of a dedicated measurement system from scratch. The aim of this study was to make the most important design decision, which is the correct localization of the inlet of the measurement system, taking into account disturbances in the flow field caused by the rotors. To achieve this, a computational model was built with the use of a finite-volume method in Ansys Fluent software. Based on its results, a novel criterion was proposed and applied. In addition to the trivial position outside the rotors on the extended arm, it gave the second location in the space limited by the rotors below the robot. Finally, a robot prototype was built, and a series of verification experiments were carried out, first indoors and then outdoors, at different levels of ambient PM concentrations with and without a pollution source. The field results were compiled as histograms and scatter plots and clearly demonstrated the validity of the adopted criterion. The determination coefficient between measured concentrations showed a stronger relationship when the rotors were operating. Furthermore, in cases with a present pollution source, higher concentrations were observed around the internal sensor, making it more suitable for the studied application.
Evaluation of the Feasibility of Using TCR-Derived Chars from Selected Biomass Wastes and MSW Fractions in CO2 Sequestration on Degraded and Post-Industrial Areas
Authors: Sajdak Marcin , Majewski Artur , Di Gruttola Francesca , Gałko Grzegorz , Misztal Edyta , Rejdak Michał , Hornung Andreas , Ouadi Miloud
Published: March 2023

Protection of the natural environment is one of the most significant global challenges for the international community. World problems arising as a result of the incineration of fossil fuels, excessive CO2 emissions, erosion and soil degradation, as well as air pollution with the accelerating greenhouse effect and changes to the climate condition, make it necessary to take action at many levels. Environmental protection and the protection of natural resources need to follow the principles of sustainable development. Looking for alternative energy sources is appropriate but not sufficient and should be conducted in various areas since natural environmental changes are accelerating with many consequences. Therefore, there is demand for implementation of applications aimed at protecting air, and soil, preventing waste formation and combating the greenhouse effect. Therefore, the multi-directional use of various biocarbon substances for activities related to renewable energy, land reclamation, and carbon dioxide capture from the atmosphere is a promising and significant direction. This paper presents multidirectional analysis related to the use of biocarbon obtained from biomass and MSW waste.
New Method to Coordinate Vibration Energy Regeneration and Dynamic Performance of In-Wheel Motor Electrical Vehicles
Authors: Li Chongchong , Zhou Changyu , Xiong Jiangyong
Published: March 2023

A new method including suspension and wheel vibration energy regeneration is proposed in this study to coordinate the contradiction between vibration energy regeneration and dynamic performance of in-wheel motor electric vehicles (IWM-EVs). The influence mechanism of unsprung mass on the dynamic characteristics of IWM-EVs is investigated from the perspective of energy flow, and potential of energy regeneration of IWM-EVs is explored on this basis. A parameter sensitivity analysis of the proposed new method is conducted, and the optimal parameters are determined for a comparative simulation analysis among focus-driven electric vehicles, IWM-EVs, and IWM-EVs with linear electromagnetic dynamic vibration absorber (LEM-DVA). Results show that the proposed new method effectively improves the dynamic performance and achieves coordination between energy regeneration and dynamic performance despite its reduction of the vibration energy regeneration potential of IWM-EVs. A new structure, which integrates a linear electromagnetic damper (LEMD) and a LEM-DVA, is then proposed to implement the coordination method. The equivalent prototype and control system are designed for a hardware-in-the-loop test. The test results show good agreement with that of simulation despite some errors. This finding proves the effectiveness of the new structure in coordinating the vibration energy regeneration and dynamic performance of IWM-EVs.
Advanced Exergo-Environmental Assessments of an Organic Rankine Cycle as Waste Heat Recovery System from a Natural Gas Engine
Authors: Benavides Gamero Aldair , Camargo Vanegas Josué , Duarte Forero Jorge , Valencia Ochoa Guillermo , Diaz Herazo Rafael
Published: March 2023

This paper aims to present the real improvement opportunities of a simple organic Rankine cycle (ORC) as waste heat recovery system (WHRS) from the exhaust gases of a natural gas engine using toluene as the working fluid, based on the exergy and environmental point of view. From the energy and exergy balances, the advanced exergetic analysis was developed to determine the irreversibilities and opportunities for improvement. Since the traditional exergo-environmental analysis, it was found that the component with the greatest potential environmental impact associated with exergy (bF = 0.067 mPts/MJ) and per unit of exergy (ḂD = 8.729 mPts/h) was the condenser, while the exergy-environmental fraction was presented in the turbine (52.51%) and pump-2 (21.12%). The advanced exergo-environmental analysis showed that the environmental impact is more associated with the operational behavior of the components, with 75.33% of the environmental impacts being of endogenous nature, showing that the environmental impacts are generated to a reduced magnitude through the interactions between components. However, it was identified that much of the environmental impacts in ITC 1 could be reduced, with 81.3% of these impacts being avoidable. Finally, the sensitivity analysis results revealed that steel is the material of the components with the least environmental impact.
Implications of Cation Interdiffusion between Double Perovskite Cathode and Proton-Conducting Electrolyte for Performance of Solid Oxide Fuel Cells
Authors: Tsvetkova Nadezhda S. , Malyshkin Dmitry A. , Ivanov Ivan L. , Tsvetkov Dmitry S. , Zuev Andrey Yu.
Published: March 2023

Chemical compatibility and cation interdiffusion between the double perovskite cobaltites RBaCo2O6−δ (R = Gd, Pr) and proton-conducting electrolyte BaZr0.8Y0.2O3−δ were studied. Chemical interaction was found to occur already at 1100 °C as a result of the partial dissolution of RBaCo2O6−δ (R = Gd, Pr) in BaZr0.8Y0.2O3−δ. Analysis of the element distribution along the cross sections of diffusion couples RBaCo2O6−δ(R = Gd, Pr)|BaZr0.8Y0.2O3−δ showed strong interdiffusion of cations, with cobalt being the most mobile one. Its diffusion depth in the electrolyte reaches up to several hundreds of micrometers. The addition of NiO as a sintering aid to BaZr0.8Y0.2O3−δ promotes cation diffusion especially through the grain boundary mechanism, increasing the diffusion depth of Co. The possible implications of cation interdiffusion on the performance of proton-conducting SOFCs are discussed based on the results obtained.
Immersive Learning
Authors: Mystakidis Stylianos , Lympouridis Vangelis
Published: March 2023

Immersive learning conceptualizes education as a set of active phenomenological experiences that are based on presence. Immersive learning can be implemented using both physical and digital means, such as virtual reality and augmented reality.
The 2017 Extreme Wildfires Events in Portugal through the Perceptions of Volunteer and Professional Firefighters
Authors: Leone Vittorio , Elia Mario , Lovreglio Raffaella , Correia Fernando , Tedim Fantina
Published: March 2023

This study aimed to explore differences in the perceptions of professional and voluntary firefighters regarding the extreme wildfire events that occurred in Portugal in 2017. We collected a sample of 185 participants, professional and voluntary firefighters, who directly participated in suppression activities for the Pedrógão Grande and October 2017 wildfires in Portugal. They were on duty in 149 fire stations in the Central Region of Portugal. A questionnaire was sent via Google Form to participants, based mainly on close-ended and two open-ended questions. It was structured into topics concerning the characteristics of wildfire events, the problems that occurred during the suppression activity, the emotional response of participants to the events, the lessons learned, and the consequences. We found significant differences between the two groups in their perception of wildfire characteristics and their perception of the worst fires they had ever experienced. Some differences were found in their discussion of the suppression phase and their emotional response to fires. On the contrary, the two groups appear to be homogeneous when it comes to no significant changes after the deadly 2017 experience in terms of the fight against rural fires, organization, training, prevention, and careers. The results underline the inadequacy of the suppression model vs. extreme wildfire events, and also its limits from the point of view of psychological reactions and the perception of management problems occurring in extreme and complex events. There is a research gap and no examples in Portugal about the perception of firefighters of the complex flow of activities that characterize the suppression operation of extreme wildfire events. Our research fills this gap.
Assessment of Growth-Related Parameters, Immune-Biochemical Profile, and Expression of Selected Genes of Red Tilapia Fed with Roselle Calyces (Hibiscus sabdariffa) Extract
Authors: Diab Amany M. , Eldeghaidy Eslam E. , Abo-Raya Mohamed H. , Shukry Mustafa , Abdeen Ahmed , Ibrahim Samah F. , Fericean Liana , Abdo Mohamed , Khalafalla Malik M.
Published: March 2023

The purpose of this research was to determine whether or not supplementing a diet with ethanolic roselle calyces extract (ER) had any effect on the rate of growth, intestinal morphometry, total carotene in skin and muscle, blood profile, immunity status, and the expression response of red tilapia. The ER was added to four experimental diets at 0% (0 g kg−1), 0.5% (5 g kg−1), 1% (10 g kg−1), and 2% (20 g kg−1), which were designated as ER0 (control group), ER0.5, ER1, and ER2, respectively. The results show that ER1 induced higher weights (final weight, weight gain, specific growth rate, and weight gain rate) and all ER groups had considerably (p < 0.05) decreased feed conversion rates (FCR) compared with the control diet. Histomorphometric examination of the intestinal villi absorptive capacity showed fish given ER, specifically ER1, had increased villus length, width, and goblet cells (p < 0.05). The best hematological and biochemical parameters (the antioxidant enzyme activity of superoxide dismutase and catalase, lysozyme activity, and WBCs count) were observed for 5 g kg−1 ER. In addition, diets supplemented with different levels of ER stimulated phagocytic activity (p < 0.05). Additionally, the highest total carotene content in skin and muscle was observed in ER0.5. The 0.5, 1, and 2% roselle extract diets induced upregulation of IGF-1, GHr, SOD, TNF-α, and LPL, whereas MSTN, HSP 70, and FAS were downregulated. In conclusion, dietary ER supplementations are advantageous for red tilapia because they improve immunological and growth-related parameters.
Trawl Fisheries in the Gulf of Thailand: Vulnerability Assessment and Trend Analysis of the Fish Landings
Authors: Noranarttragoon Pavarot , Koolkalaya Sontaya , Thitipongtrakul Weerapol , Avakul Piyathap , Phoonsawat Ratanavaree , Jutagate Tuantong
Published: March 2023

Vulnerability of each stock in the catches from trawl fisheries in the Gulf of Thailand was assessed by productivity susceptibility analysis. Separate assessments were made based on type of trawler (otter-board, pair and beam) and vessel size (SS, S, M, L and XL, according to gross tonnage). Catches were distinctly different among trawler types and were dominated by demersal fishes, pelagic fishes and shrimps in the otter-board, pair and beam trawlers, respectively. The stocks of over 200 taxa were included in the study; high-vulnerability taxa were found for all trawl types and sizes, except the beam trawler size S. Only seven (7) taxa were classified as high vulnerability, including four (4) teleost taxa, namely Saurida elongata, Plotosus spp., Gymnothorax spp. and Sphyraena spp., and three (3) elasmobranch taxa, namely Carcharhinus spp., Brevitrygon heterura and Neotrygon kuhlii. Meanwhile, as many as 26 high-medium vulnerability taxa were found in catches by otter-board trawler size L, which included not only fishes but also cephalopods. Trends and variation in fish landings of 20 high and high-medium vulnerability taxa were analyzed. Eighteen (18) taxa showed monotonic trends, both continuous and discontinuous, in their time series of annual landings, but not Muraenesox spp. nor Uroteuthis spp. The long-term variations in fish landings ranged mostly between 40% and 50%. The short-term variations showed positive absolute and relative skewness, i.e., mostly between 10% and 20%. Results of this study highlight the taxa that require a precautionary approach for fishery management and warrant comprehensive fish stock assessment. Such data will allow more accurate determination of their status compared to the reference points and facilitate better management of trawl fisheries in the Gulf of Thailand.
Assembly, Characterization, and Phylogenetic Relationships of Mitogenomes of Two Species of Mexican Trout (Oncorhynchus chrysogaster and O. mykiss nelsoni)
Authors: Colín Angélica , Del Río-Portilla Miguel A. , Lafarga-De la Cruz Fabiola , Ingle-De la Mora Genoveva , García-De León Francisco J.
Published: March 2023

In this study, the complete mitochondrial genomes of the Mexican golden trout, Oncorhynchus chrysogaster, and Nelson’s trout, O. mykiss nelsoni, were assembled and characterized. The mitogenomes were 16,655 bp and 16,661 bp long, respectively, and were composed of 13 protein-coding genes (PCGs), two ribosomal RNA genes, and 22 transfer RNA genes (all with typical ‘cloverleaf’ secondary structures). The length of the D-loop regions was among the longest found in Salmonids, and mitochondrial synteny in both species was identical to that reported in other Salmonids. Selective pressure analysis in the PCGs indicated that purifying selection, mainly among cox and nd genes families, likely generated the main differences between the two studied species. Nine tRNA genes showed slight differences relative to other O. mykiss subspecies, which were identical between the two study taxa. The origin of the light-strand replication has a loop that was especially large in O. mykiss nelsoni. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that O. chrysogaster and O. mykiss nelsoni are sister species, contrary to the expectation that O. chrysogaster would cluster with O. gilae. As previous studies have suggested, O. chrysogaster and O. mykiss nelsoni share common ancestry with North American trout species.
Using Particle Swarm Optimization and Artificial Intelligence to Select the Appropriate Characteristics to Determine Volume Fraction in Two-Phase Flows
Authors: Iliyasu Abdullah M. , Benselama Abdallah S. , Bagaudinovna Dakhkilgova Kamila , Roshani Gholam Hossein , S. Salama Ahmed
Published: March 2023

Global demand for fossil fuels has increased the importance of flow measurement in the oil sector. As a result, a new submarket in the flowmeter business has opened up. To improve the accuracy of gamma-based two-phase flowmeters, this study employs time-feature extraction methods, a particle swarm optimization (PSO) based feature selection system, and an artificial neural network. This article proposes a fraction detection system that uses a 137Cs gamma source, two NaI detectors for recording the photons, and a Pyrex-glass pipe between them. The Monte Carlo N Particle method was used to simulate the geometry mentioned above. Thirteen time-domain features were extracted from the raw data recorded by both detectors. Optimal characteristics were identified with the help of PSO. This procedure resulted in the identification of eight efficient features. The input-output relationship was approximated using a Multi-Layer Perceptron (MLP) neural network. The innovation of the present research is in the use of a feature extraction technique based on the PSO algorithm to determine volume percentages, with results such as: (1) introducing eight appropriate time characteristics in determining volume percentages; (2) achieving an accuracy of less than 0.37 in root mean square error (RMSE) and 0.14 in mean square error (MSE) while predicting the volume fraction of components in a gas-liquid two-phase flow; and (3) reducing the calculation load. Utilizing optimization-based feature selection techniques has allowed for the selection of meaningful inputs, which has decreased the volume of computations while boosting the precision of the presented system.
Adaptive Neural Network Synchronization Control for Uncertain Fractional-Order Time-Delay Chaotic Systems
Authors: Yan Wenhao , Jiang Zijing , Huang Xin , Ding Qun
Published: March 2023

We propose an adaptive radial basis (RBF) neural network controller based on Lyapunov stability theory for uncertain fractional-order time-delay chaotic systems (FOTDCSs) with different time delays. The controller does not depend on the system model and can achieve synchronous control under the condition that nonlinear uncertainties and external disturbances are completely unknown. Stability analysis showed that the error system asymptotically tended to zero in combination with the relevant lemma. Numerical simulation results show the effectiveness of the controller.
A Case of Bilateral Choroidal Effusion after XEN Gel Stent Implantation
Authors: Cassottana Paola , Toma Chiara , Maltese Cristina , Villa Viviana , Ricciarelli Roberta , Traverso Carlo Enrico , Iester Michele
Published: March 2023

Purpose: This study aimed to describe a rare case of bilateral choroidal effusion following a XEN45 implantation. Case Report: An 84-year-old man with primary open-angle glaucoma underwent uneventful ab interno XEN45 device implantation in the right eye. The immediate postoperative period was complicated by hypotony and serous choroidal detachment, which were treated and resolved using steroids and cycloplegic drops. Eight months later, the fellow eye underwent the same surgery, which was followed by choroidal detachment that required transscleral surgical drainage. Conclusions: This case highlights the importance of a careful postoperative follow-up and a timely intervention in the context of XEN45 implantation, and suggests that choroidal effusion in one eye may be a risk factor for choroidal effusion in the other eye when undergoing the same type of surgery.
The Sustainability of Gastronomic Heritage and Its Significance for Regional Tourism Development
Authors: Kalenjuk Pivarski Bojana , Grubor Biljana , Banjac Maja , Đerčan Bojan , Tešanović Dragan , Šmugović Stefan , Radivojević Goran , Ivanović Velibor , Vujasinović Vesna , Stošić Tamara
Published: March 2023

Gastronomy, as a part of cultural heritage, has exceptional potential in tourism, and its key representatives and conservationists/guardians are hospitality facilities that provide food services. Vojvodina (the Republic of Serbia) is a region inhabited by more than 30 ethnic minorities that have nurtured their cultural heritage and have been incorporating it into gastronomy for many years. The subject of this paper is the gastronomy of ethnic groups in Vojvodina and its significance for tourism development from the point of view of hospitality workers as important actors in the sustainability of heritage. One of the motives behind this study is the twelfth UN sustainable development goal (SDGs) defined in 2015, which refers to providing sustainable forms of consumption and production and which emphasizes the development and application of tools for monitoring the impact that sustainable development has on tourism that promotes local culture and products (12b). The aim of this study was to obtain data on the preservation of heritage, that is, on authenticity within the region/area and ethnic groups, and then to perform a valorization of dishes and define steps on how to make gastronomic heritage a more visible tourist attraction, from the perspective of sustainability. Our survey included a sample of 508 respondents, all employees in the hospitality industry. The obtained results were statistically processed. The research showed that the Južnabačka district has the greatest importance in tourism from the aspect of the implementation, preservation, and sustainability of gastronomic heritage in tourism. Among the ethnic groups, the Vojvodina Hungarians place the greatest importance on the preservation of gastronomy, which includes dishes such as goulash and uses ingredients such as river fish. The research led to the conclusion that those in the hospitality industry are of the opinion that gastronomic heritage should be promoted through activities such as tourist exposure, marketing activities, and promoting the diversity of authentic food offers in catering facilities.
Transcriptome Analysis of Ethylene Response in Chrysanthemum moriflolium Ramat. with an Emphasis on Flowering Delay
Authors: Cheng Hua , Zhou Min , Si Yuyang , Li Wenjie , Wang Likai , Chen Sumei , Chen Fadi , Jiang Jiafu
Published: March 2023

Ethylene is a gaseous phytohormone that delays flowering in Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat. To date, however, there have been no systematic studies on genes involved in the ethylene response of this species, and the mechanism underlying ethylene-delayed flowering remains unclear. Herein, we applied RNA sequencing to characterize the ethylene response by comparing the transcriptomes of chrysanthemum cultivar ‘Jinba’ with or without ethephon treatment. Six unique RNA-seq libraries were generated. The identified differentially expressed genes (DEGs) primarily involved ethylene, auxin, and abscisic acid signaling genes; circadian clock genes; genes encoding functional proteins associated with floral transition, such as homologs of AP1/FRUITFUL-like 1 (AFL1), TERMINAL FLOWER 1 (TFL1), and so on; and genes encoding transcription factors, specifically of the MYB and bHLH families. Furthermore, quantitative RT-PCR was used to verify the DEGs identified by RNA-seq. Heterologous CmAFL1 overexpression in Arabidopsis thaliana resulted in early flowering. Our findings present a landscape of transcriptomes and reveal the candidate genes involved in the ethylene-mediated regulation of flowering time in chrysanthemum, providing useful data for further studies.
Assessment of the Potential Role of Selected Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) of Genes Related to the Functioning of Regulatory T Cells in the Pathogenesis of Psoriasis
Authors: Purzycka-Bohdan Dorota , Nedoszytko Bogusław , Sobalska-Kwapis Marta , Zabłotna Monika , Żmijewski Michał A. , Wierzbicka Justyna , Gleń Jolanta , Strapagiel Dominik , Szczerkowska-Dobosz Aneta , Nowicki Roman J.
Published: March 2023

Recent studies have indicated a key role of the impaired suppressive capacity of regulatory T cells (Tregs) in psoriasis (PsO) pathogenesis. However, the genetic background of Treg dysfunctions remains unknown. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association of PsO development with selected single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of genes in which protein products play a significant role in the regulation of differentiation and function of Tregs. There were three study groups in our research and each consisted of different unrelated patients and controls: 192 PsO patients and 5605 healthy volunteers in the microarray genotyping group, 150 PsO patients and 173 controls in the ARMS–PCR method group, and 6 PsO patients and 6 healthy volunteers in the expression analysis group. The DNA microarrays analysis (283 SNPs of 57 genes) and ARMS–PCR method (8 SNPs in 7 genes) were used to determine the frequency of occurrence of SNPs in selected genes. The mRNA expression of selected genes was determined in skin samples. There were statistically significant differences in the allele frequencies of four SNPs in three genes (TNF, IL12RB2, and IL12B) between early-onset PsO patients and controls. The lowest p-value was observed for rs3093662 (TNF), and the G allele carriers had a 2.73 times higher risk of developing early-onset PsO. Moreover, the study revealed significant differences in the frequency of SNPs and their influence on PsO development between early- and late-onset PsO. Based on the ARMS–PCR method, the association between some polymorphisms of four genes (IL4, IL10, TGFB1, and STAT3) and the risk of developing PsO was noticed. Psoriatic lesions were characterized with a lower mRNA expression of FOXP3, CTLA4, and IL2, and a higher expression of TNF and IL1A in comparison with unaffected skin. In conclusion, the genetic background associated with properly functioning Tregs seems to play a significant role in PsO pathogenesis and could have diagnostic value.
Epothilones as Natural Compounds for Novel Anticancer Drugs Development
Authors: Villegas Cecilia , González-Chavarría Iván , Burgos Viviana , Iturra-Beiza Héctor , Ulrich Henning , Paz Cristian
Published: March 2023

Epothilone is a natural 16-membered macrolide cytotoxic compound produced by the metabolism of the cellulose-degrading myxobacterium Sorangium cellulosum. This review summarizes results in the study of epothilones against cancer with preclinical results and clinical studies from 2010–2022. Epothilone have mechanisms of action similar to paclitaxel by inducing tubulin polymerization and apoptosis with low susceptibility to tumor resistance mechanisms. It is active against refractory tumors, being superior to paclitaxel in many respects. Since the discovery of epothilones, several derivatives have been synthesized, and most of them have failed in Phases II and III in clinical trials; however, ixabepilone and utidelone are currently used in clinical practice. There is robust evidence that triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) treatment improves using ixabepilone plus capecitabine or utidelone in combination with capecitabine. In recent years innovative synthetic strategies resulted in the synthesis of new epothilone derivatives with improved activity against refractory tumors with better activities when compared to ixabepilone or taxol. These compounds together with specific delivery mechanisms could be developed in anti-cancer drugs.
Hydroperoxidation of Docosahexaenoic Acid by Human ALOX12 and pigALOX15-mini-LOX
Authors: Canyelles-Niño Miquel , González-Lafont Àngels , Lluch José M.
Published: March 2023

Human lipoxygenase 12 (hALOX12) catalyzes the conversion of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) into mainly 14S-hydroperoxy-4Z,7Z,10Z,12E,16Z,19Z-docosahexaenoic acid (14S-H(p)DHA). This hydroperoxidation reaction is followed by an epoxidation and hydrolysis process that finally leads to maresin 1 (MaR1), a potent bioactive specialized pro-resolving mediator (SPM) in chronic inflammation resolution. By combining docking, molecular dynamics simulations, and quantum mechanics/molecular mechanics calculations, we have computed the potential energy profile of DHA hydroperoxidation in the active site of hALOX12. Our results describe the structural evolution of the molecular system at each step of this catalytic reaction pathway. Noteworthy, the required stereospecificity of the reaction leading to MaR1 is explained by the configurations adopted by DHA bound to hALOX12, along with the stereochemistry of the pentadienyl radical formed after the first step of the mechanism. In pig lipoxygenase 15 (pigALOX15-mini-LOX), our calculations suggest that 14S-H(p)DHA can be formed, but with a stereochemistry that is inadequate for MaR1 biosynthesis.
Novel Activity of ODZ10117, a STAT3 Inhibitor, for Regulation of NLRP3 Inflammasome Activation
Authors: Kang Ju-Hui , Lee Se-Bin , Seok Jiu , Kim Dong-Hyuk , Ma Gaeun , Park Jooho , Jeong Ae Jin , Ye Sang-Kyu , Kang Tae-Bong
Published: March 2023

The NLRP3 inflammasome serves as a host defense mechanism against various pathogens, but there is growing evidence linking its activation in sterile condition to diverse inflammatory diseases. Therefore, the identification of specific inhibitors that target NLRP3 inflammasome activation is meaningful and important for novel therapies for NLRP3 inflammasome-associated diseases. In this study, we identified a chemical compound, namely ODZ10117 (ODZ), that showed NLRP3 inflammasome-targeting anti-inflammatory effects during the screening of a chemical library for anti-inflammatory activity. Although ODZ was initially discovered as a STAT3 inhibitor, here we found it also has inhibitory activity on NLRP3 inflammasome activation. ODZ inhibited the cleavage of caspase-1 and IL-1β-induced canonical NLRP3 inflammasome triggers, but had no effect on those induced by AIM2 or NLRC4 triggers. Mechanistically, ODZ impairs NLRP3 inflammasome activation through the inhibition of NLRP3–NEK7 interaction that is required for inflammasome formation. Moreover, the results obtained from the in silico docking experiment suggested that ODZ targets NLRP3 protein, which provides evidence for the specificity of ODZ to the NLRP3 inflammasome. Furthermore, ODZ administration significantly reduced MSU-induced IL-1β release and the mortality rate of mice with LPS-induced sepsis. Collectively, these results demonstrate a novel effect of ODZ10117 in regulating NLRP3 inflammasome activation both in vitro and in vivo, making it a promising candidate for the treatment of NLRP3-inflammasome-associated immune disorders and cancer.
Relevance of Sugar Transport across the Cell Membrane
Authors: Carbó Roxana , Rodríguez Emma
Published: March 2023

Sugar transport through the plasma membrane is one of the most critical events in the cellular transport of nutrients; for example, glucose has a central role in cellular metabolism and homeostasis. The way sugars enter the cell involves complex systems. Diverse protein systems participate in the membrane traffic of the sugars from the extracellular side to the cytoplasmic side. This diversity makes the phenomenon highly regulated and modulated to satisfy the different needs of each cell line. The beautiful thing about this process is how evolutionary processes have diversified a single function: to move glucose into the cell. The deregulation of these entrance systems causes some diseases. Hence, it is necessary to study them and search for a way to correct the alterations and utilize these mechanisms to promote health. This review will highlight the various mechanisms for importing the valuable sugars needed to create cellular homeostasis and survival in all kinds of cells.
Transcriptome and Proteome Analysis Revealed That Hormone and Reactive Oxygen Species Synergetically Regulate Dormancy of Introgression Line in Rice (Oryza sativa L.)
Authors: Guo Naihui , Tang Shengjia , Wang Jiayu , Hu Shikai , Tang Shaoqing , Wei Xiangjin , Shao Gaoneng , Jiao Guiai , Sheng Zhonghua , Hu Peisong
Published: March 2023

Dormancy is a complex agronomy phenotype controlled by multiple signaling and a key trait repressing pre-harvest sprouting (PHS). However, the signaling network of dormancy remains unclear. In this study, we used Zhonghua11 (ZH11) with a weak dormancy, and Introgression line (IL) with a strong dormancy to study the mechanism of hormones and reactive oxygen species (ROS) crosstalk regulating rice dormancy. The germination experiment showed that the germination rate of ZH11 was 76.86%, while that of IL was only 1.25%. Transcriptome analysis showed that there were 1658 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between IL and ZH11, of which 577 were up-regulated and 1081 were down-regulated. Additionally, DEGs were mainly enriched in oxidoreductase activity, cell periphery, and plant hormone signal transduction pathways. Tandem mass tags (TMT) quantitative proteomics analysis showed 275 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) between IL and ZH11, of which 176 proteins were up-regulated, 99 were down-regulated, and the DEPs were mainly enriched in the metabolic process and oxidation-reduction process. The comprehensive transcriptome and proteome analysis showed that their correlation was very low, and only 56 genes were co-expressed. Hormone content detection showed that IL had significantly lower abscisic acid (ABA) contents than the ZH11 while having significantly higher jasmonic acid (JA) contents than the ZH11. ROS content measurement showed that the hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) content of IL was significantly lower than the ZH11, while the production rate of superoxide anion (O2.−) was significantly higher than the ZH11. These results indicate that hormones and ROS crosstalk to regulate rice dormancy. In particular, this study has deepened our mechanism of ROS and JA crosstalk regulating rice dormancy and is conducive to our precise inhibition of PHS.
Melatonin and Exercise Counteract Sarcopenic Obesity through Preservation of Satellite Cell Function
Authors: Mankhong Sakulrat , Kim Sujin , Moon Sohee , Lee Jae-Seon , Cho Eun-Jeong , Kwak Hyo-Bum , Park Dong-Ho , Ryu Ji-Kan , Kang Ju-Hee
Published: March 2023

Sarcopenic obesity (SO) is characterized by atrophic skeletal muscle impairment (sarcopenia) and obesity, which is associated with adverse outcomes of morbidity and mortality in elderly people. We investigated the effects of melatonin and exercise training on SO in 32-week-old senescence-accelerated mouse-prone-8 (SAMP8) mice fed a normal diet or a high-fat diet for 16 weeks. Melatonin, exercise, or melatonin and exercise for 8 weeks displayed reductions in the SO-induced impairment of skeletal muscle function and atrophy. Specifically, a decrease in mitochondrial calcium retention capacity in skeletal muscles observed in the HFD-con group was attenuated in melatonin and/or exercise intervention groups. More importantly, HFD-con mice displayed a lower number of Pax7+ satellite cells (SCs) and higher expression of p16ink than P8ND mice, which were attenuated by melatonin and/or exercise interventions. The cellular senescence in SC-derived primary myoblasts from HFD-con mice was significantly attenuated in myoblasts from the melatonin and/or exercise groups, which was reproduced in a senescence model of H2O2-treated C2C12 myoblasts. Our results suggest that melatonin and exercise training attenuate SO-induced skeletal muscle dysfunction, at least in part, through preserving the SC pool by inhibiting cellular senescence and attenuating mitochondrial dysfunction.
Emerging Personalized Opportunities for Enhancing Translational Readthrough in Rare Genetic Diseases and Beyond
Authors: Wagner Roland N. , Wießner Michael , Friedrich Andreas , Zandanell Johanna , Breitenbach-Koller Hannelore , Bauer Johann W.
Published: March 2023

Nonsense mutations trigger premature translation termination and often give rise to prevalent and rare genetic diseases. Consequently, the pharmacological suppression of an unscheduled stop codon represents an attractive treatment option and is of high clinical relevance. At the molecular level, the ability of the ribosome to continue translation past a stop codon is designated stop codon readthrough (SCR). SCR of disease-causing premature termination codons (PTCs) is minimal but small molecule interventions, such as treatment with aminoglycoside antibiotics, can enhance its frequency. In this review, we summarize the current understanding of translation termination (both at PTCs and at cognate stop codons) and highlight recently discovered pathways that influence its fidelity. We describe the mechanisms involved in the recognition and readthrough of PTCs and report on SCR-inducing compounds currently explored in preclinical research and clinical trials. We conclude by reviewing the ongoing attempts of personalized nonsense suppression therapy in different disease contexts, including the genetic skin condition epidermolysis bullosa.
Inflammation, Mitochondria and Natural Compounds Together in the Circle of Trust
Authors: Nesci Salvatore , Spagnoletta Anna , Oppedisano Francesca
Published: March 2023

Human diseases are characterized by the perpetuation of an inflammatory condition in which the levels of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) are quite high. Excessive ROS production leads to DNA damage, protein carbonylation and lipid peroxidation, conditions that lead to a worsening of inflammatory disorders. In particular, compromised mitochondria sustain a stressful condition in the cell, such that mitochondrial dysfunctions become pathogenic, causing human disorders related to inflammatory reactions. Indeed, the triggered inflammation loses its beneficial properties and turns harmful if dysregulation and dysfunctions are not addressed. Thus, reducing oxidative stress with ROS scavenger compounds has proven to be a successful approach to reducing inflammation. Among these, natural compounds, in particular, polyphenols, alkaloids and coenzyme Q10, thanks to their antioxidant properties, are capable of inhibiting the activation of NF-κB and the expression of target genes, including those involved in inflammation. Even more, clinical trials, and in vivo and in vitro studies have demonstrated the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of phytosomes, which are capable of increasing the bioavailability and effectiveness of natural compounds, and have long been considered an effective non-pharmacological therapy. Therefore, in this review, we wanted to highlight the relationship between inflammation, altered mitochondrial oxidative activity in pathological conditions, and the beneficial effects of phytosomes. To this end, a PubMed literature search was conducted with a focus on various in vitro and in vivo studies and clinical trials from 2014 to 2022.
Blood Cell Biomarkers of Inflammation and Cytokine Levels as Predictors of Response to Biologics in Patients with Psoriasis
Authors: Andersen Clara Sophie Bramsen , Kvist-Hansen Amanda , Siewertsen Mie , Enevold Christian , Hansen Peter Riis , Kaur-Knudsen Diljit , Zachariae Claus , Nielsen Claus Henrik , Loft Nikolai , Skov Lone
Published: March 2023

For people with psoriasis, biomarkers aiding in the personalization of treatment with biologics are needed. We examined the usefulness of several biomarkers of inflammation in this respect. The neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), the platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), and the systemic immune–inflammation index (SII) were measured in patients with psoriasis initiating TNF-α inhibitors (n = 131), IL-17/IL-17R inhibitors (n = 65), or IL-23/IL-12/23 inhibitors (n = 50). The blood levels of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-1β, interferon (IFN)-γ, IL-17A, IL-6, soluble IL-6 receptor (sIL-6R), and soluble IL-6 signal transducer (sIL-6ST) were measured in patients initiating adalimumab (n = 62) or IL-17/IL-17R inhibitors (n = 24). Treatment response was defined by a psoriasis area and severity index (PASI) ≤ 2 three months after treatment initiation. Responders to TNF-α inhibitors had a lower NLR at baseline than non-responders (median and interquartile range (IQR) 2.15 (1.67–2.86) vs. 2.54 (1.88–3.55); p = 0.04). Responders to treatment with adalimumab had lower IL-6 levels at baseline than non-responders (0.99 (0.42–1.4) vs. 1.62 (0.96–2.41) pg/mL; p = 0.02). For the majority of patients, the IL-17A, IL-1β, and IFN-γ levels were below quantification limits. NLR and IL-6 may serve as predictive biomarkers of treatment response to TNF-α inhibitor therapy in patients with psoriasis.
Liquid Biopsy in Endometriosis: A Systematic Review
Authors: Ronsini Carlo , Fumiento Pietro , Iavarone Irene , Greco Pier Francesco , Cobellis Luigi , De Franciscis Pasquale
Published: March 2023

Despite laparoscopy being a standardized option to diagnose pelvic endometriotic implants, non-invasive biomarkers are necessary to avoid the discomfort of invasive procedures. Recent evidence suggests a potential role of microRNAs (miRNAs) as feasible biomarkers for the early diagnosis of endometriosis. Following the recommendations in the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statement, we systematically searched PubMed, EMBASE, Scopus, Cochrane Library, and Science Direct in January 2023. We provided no restriction on the country and year of publication, and considered English published articles. We selected studies including patients with endometriosis and describing miRNA regulation in the context of endometriosis. Overall, 45 studies fulfilled the inclusion criteria, and 2045 patients with endometriosis and 1587 controls were screened. Patients were analyzed concerning miRNAs expression and sources, stage of disease, and symptoms, and compared to controls. Among DEMs, the ones with the widest delta between endometriosis patients and controls—Relative Expression ≥ 4 Log2(ratio)—were miR-145, miR-191, miR-195, miR-21-5p, miR-106b-5p, miR-195-5p, miR-451a, miR-200c, miR-20a-5p, and miR-15a-5p. Although the epigenetic regulation is partially unclear, miRNAs are valid biomarkers to diagnose endometriotic lesions in symptomatic and non-symptomatic women. MiRNAs modulation should be clarified, especially during therapies or relapse, to plan targeted management protocols.
The Small RNA Landscape in NSCLC: Current Therapeutic Applications and Progresses
Authors: Ciccone Giuseppe , Ibba Maria Luigia , Coppola Gabriele , Catuogno Silvia , Esposito Carla Lucia
Published: March 2023

Non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is the second most diagnosed type of malignancy and the first cause of cancer death worldwide. Despite recent advances, the treatment of choice for NSCLC patients remains to be chemotherapy, often showing very limited effectiveness with the frequent occurrence of drug-resistant phenotype and the lack of selectivity for tumor cells. Therefore, new effective and targeted therapeutics are needed. In this context, short RNA-based therapeutics, including Antisense Oligonucleotides (ASOs), microRNAs (miRNAs), short interfering (siRNA) and aptamers, represent a promising class of molecules. ASOs, miRNAs and siRNAs act by targeting and inhibiting specific mRNAs, thus showing an improved specificity compared to traditional anti-cancer drugs. Nucleic acid aptamers target and inhibit specific cancer-associated proteins, such as “nucleic acid antibodies”. Aptamers are also able of receptor-mediated cell internalization, and therefore, they can be used as carriers of secondary agents giving the possibility of producing very highly specific and effective therapeutics. This review provides an overview of the proposed applications of small RNAs for NSCLC treatment, highlighting their advantageous features and recent advancements in the field.
Faecal Microbiota Transplantation, Paving the Way to Treat Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease
Authors: Del Barrio María , Lavín Lucía , Santos-Laso Álvaro , Arias-Loste Maria Teresa , Odriozola Aitor , Rodriguez-Duque Juan Carlos , Rivas Coral , Iruzubieta Paula , Crespo Javier
Published: March 2023

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is currently the most prevalent cause of chronic liver disease (CLD). Currently, the only therapeutic recommendation available is a lifestyle change. However, adherence to this approach is often difficult to guarantee. Alteration of the microbiota and an increase in intestinal permeability seem to be key in the development and progression of NAFLD. Therefore, the manipulation of microbiota seems to provide a promising therapeutic strategy. One way to do so is through faecal microbiota transplantation (FMT). Here, we summarize the key aspects of FMT, detail its current indications and highlight the most recent advances in NAFLD.