bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Le conflit de loyauté dans les cas de séparation parentale
Authors: Anglada Eulàlia , Meynckens-Fourez Muriel
Published: November 2016

Actuellement, la durabilité du couple s’avère fragile et l’expérience répétée de se séparer devient fréquente. Cet article est issu de notre pratique clinique, résultat du constat du nombre croissant de demandes de suivis pédopsychiatriques, liés à des situations de phobie scolaire chez des enfants pris dans une situation de conflit parental. Son intérêt est de discuter la question du conflit de loyauté dans les cas de séparation conflictuelle et de nous poser la question des perspectives possibles pour les thérapeutes familiaux afin d’ouvrir des pistes d’interventions.
Thérapie individuelle systémique EMDR en prémisse d’une thérapie familiale « épique »
Authors: Nussbaumer Nicolas , Boisset Sonia Baziz , Garcia Cristina , Grandgirard Marc , Monnet Caroline
Published: November 2016

Cet article raconte l’histoire d’un traitement progressant d’un setting individuel à une thérapie avec la famille ; celle-ci a traversé des années très douloureuses autour du divorce des parents il y a dix ans. La demande de traitement est faite par le père quelque temps après une violente altercation entre lui et son fils de 17 ans, suivie d’une rupture relationnelle. Progressivement, cette thérapie individuelle intègre les deux filles, le fils restant en marge du processus thérapeutique. Divers moyens concourent à cette thérapie « épique » : travail avec les émotions, EMDR, introduction d’une équipe réfléchissante, jeu de l’oie, et finalement mise en scène théâtrale d’Antigone réécrite par la famille et jouée par les thérapeutes avec la famille. La vidéo de cette thérapie sera visionnée par toute la famille, le fils l’ayant rejointe in extremis . Les résonances personnelles du thérapeute font écho au travail de coécriture avec le père et avec les deux filles scénaristes et interprètes d’Antigone.
Psychothérapie des familles camerounaises confrontées à la sorcellerie
Authors: Nguimfack Léonard
Published: November 2016

L’évocation de la sorcellerie par la famille comme cause de son malheur (les comportements délinquants chez l’enfant par exemple) ne saurait être considérée par un thérapeute appelé à travailler sur les interactions familiales comme un non-sens. Elle fait partie du matériel psychique avec lequel les membres de cette famille vivent et fonctionnent, matériel psychique qui oriente leurs pensées (cognitions), leurs comportements et leurs émotions. L’évocation de la sorcellerie n’est d’ailleurs qu’une demande de secours, d’aide et non un déni du problème ; c’est une plainte qui cherche réparation. Le thérapeute familial devra travailler avec la famille et modifier sa perception de la réalité (le danger et l’angoisse d’ensorcellement), usant des mises en question de cette perception et d’autres stratagèmes thérapeutiques possibles, afin d’amener la famille à faire l’expérience d’une réalité nouvelle (la vie sans angoisse d’ensorcellement).
Après les Ciompi : regards florentins sur le tumulte et construction politique de l’après-crise
Authors: Baggioni Laurent , Leclerc Élise
Published: November 2016

L’article analyse la perception de la révolte de 1378 dans la mémoire florentine entre la fin du xive siècle et la moitié du xve siècle. Deux types de sources sont étudiées et croisées, les livres de famille, d’une part, et la littérature humaniste, de l’autre. Leur lecture conjointe permet de parvenir à deux conclusions : d’abord, les clés de lecture de l’événement suivent une évolution qui tend à éluder progressivement toute analyse socio-économique du conflit ; ensuite, ces clés de lecture correspondent à deux enjeux politiques distincts et successifs : la resémantisation du guelfisme en premier lieu, puis, à partir des années 1430, l’analyse sociale de la république à partir d’une structure hiérarchique rigide.
Après les Guerres d’Italie : Florence, Venise, Rome (1530-1605)
Authors: Descendre Romain , Fournel Jean-Louis , Zancarini Jean-Claude
Published: November 2016

Dans la péninsule italienne, à une quarantaine d’années de guerres incessantes fait suite, à partir de 1494, une longue période de paix relative jusqu’à la fin du xviiie siècle. Florence, Venise et Rome sont alors les trois espaces culturels et politiques où naissent les réflexions les plus importantes – et les plus « européennes » – sur la question de la guerre et sur le déploiement d’un « après-guerre ». Après la pensée florentine qui articule politique de conquête et nécessité de la conservation en temps de guerre, « l’après-guerre » s’inscrit dans une tension potentielle, sinon permanente, entre l’impossibilité de la paix et l’acceptation de la domination politico-militaire. La compréhension des effets de cette situation peut passer par l’éloge de la neutralité et de la pacification des rapports de force, notamment dans la pensée vénitienne. Dans cette perspective, la paix constitue un cadre à la fois imposé et en mouvement. Le questionnement concerne du coup ce que la guerre transmet à l’après-guerre. Puisque la guerre est une expérience radicale, une expérience de la limite, elle est du coup porteuse d’un savoir qui acquiert une nécessité : de ce fait, ce savoir continue d’informer la réflexion, même quand la conjoncture s’est modifiée du tout au tout. Ainsi, même lorsqu’on fait passer les raisons de la conservation avant celles de la conquête, on ne remplace pas la guerre par la paix. On a cessé de penser qu’après la guerre était la paix : bien au contraire, on a placé la guerre au principe de la paix.
Sécularisation et bio-politique chez Spinoza
Authors: Tenezakis Xenophon
Published: November 2016

La modernité s’est accompagnée d’une reprise en main par l’État des noyaux de pouvoir religieux qui lui étaient auparavant extérieurs. Toutefois, on peut montrer qu’à cette rupture se superpose une autre discontinuité notable : l’apparition d’un concept de pouvoir nouveau, s’occupant de la vie elle-même et non plus de ses marges, qui serait la biopolitique. Il est possible de déceler les leviers conceptuels qui nouent ensemble ces deux transformations chez l’un des penseurs essentiels de cette modernité politique, Spinoza, dans la mesure où, tout en démontrant la nécessité pour le pouvoir politique de s’émanciper du religieux et de le reprendre en main, il participe d’une nouvelle manière de penser l’exercice du pouvoir.
Harnessing Semantic Features for Large-Scale Content-Based Hashtag Recommendations on Microblogging Platforms
Authors: Kalloubi Fahd , Nfaoui El Habib , El Beqqali Omar
Published: November 2016

Twitter is one of the most popular microblog service providers, in this microblogging platform users use hashtags to categorize their tweets and to join communities around particular topics. However, the percentage of messages incorporating hashtags is small and the hashtags usage is very heterogeneous as users may spend a lot of time searching the appropriate hashtags for their messages. In this paper, the authors present an approach for hashtag recommendations in microblogging platforms by leveraging semantic features. Moreover, they conduct a detailed study on how the semantic-based model influences the final recommended hashtags using different ranking strategies. Also, users are interested by fresh and specific hashtags due to the rapid growth of microblogs, thus, the authors propose a time popularity ranking strategy. Furthermore, they study the combination of these ranking strategies. The experiment results conducted on a large dataset; show that their approach improves respectively lexical and semantic based recommendation by more than 11% and 7% on recommending 5 hashtags.
Automatic Schema-Independent Linked Data Instance Matching System
Authors: Nguyen Khai , Ichise Ryutaro
Published: November 2016

The goal of linked data instance matching is to detect all instances that co-refer to the same objects in two linked data repositories, the source and the target. Since the amount of linked data is rapidly growing, it is important to automate this task. However, the difference between the schemata of source and target repositories remains a challenging barrier. This barrier reduces the portability, accuracy, and scalability of many proposed approaches. The authors present automatic schema-independent interlinking (ASL), which is a schema-independent system that performs instance matching on repositories with different schemata, without prior knowledge about the schemata. The key improvements of ASL compared to previous systems are the detection of useful attribute pairs for comparing instances, an attribute-driven token-based blocking scheme, and an effective modification of existing string similarities. To verify the performance of ASL, the authors conducted experiments on a large dataset containing 246 subsets with different schemata. The results show that ASL obtains high accuracy and significantly improves the quality of discovered coreferences against recently proposed complex systems.
Flux and fate of river-discharged sediments to the Adriatic Sea
Authors: Milliman John D. , Bonaldo Davide , Carniel Sandro
Published: November 2016

Small rivers, particularly those draining mountainous terrain, discharge disproportionately large quantities of sediment to the globalocean. Because small mountainous rivers are more susceptible to catastrophic events, they tend to discharge their sediments over relatively short periods of time, such as during floods. The impact of small mountainous rivers is especially evident on the coastal ocean, such as the Adriatic Sea where fully 75% of the estimated 145 million tons (Mt) of discharged sediment comes from rivers with basin areas smaller than 7000 km2. Within this semi-enclosed basin in the northeast of the Mediterranean Sea, of particular note are the high sediment loads of five Albanian rivers (located in the southeast), which, prior to dam construction, collectively discharged about 85 Mt yr–1 perhaps much of it at hyperpycnal concentrations, which would have allowed the sediment to bypass the shelf and be deposited at greater depths. Geochemical data confirm that Albanian river sediment extends well into the southern and central Adriatic Sea. Delineating and understanding the flux and fate of Adriatic Sea sediments may be best facilitated through the reanalysis of existing river datasets and the acquisition of new river data, particularly during periodic floods, high-resolution seismic profiling coupled with sitespecific coring, as well as application of integrated ocean-sediment numerical models
Next generation sequencing reveals distinct fecal pollution signatures in aquatic sediments across gradients of anthropogenic influence
Authors: Luna Gian Marco , Quero Grazia Marina , Perini Laura
Published: November 2016

Aquatic sediments are the repository of a variety of anthropogenic pollutants, including bacteria of fecal origin, that reach the aquatic environment from a variety of sources. Although fecal bacteria can survive for long periods of time in aquatic sediments, the microbiological quality of sediments is almost entirely neglected when performing quality assessments of aquatic ecosystems. Here we investigated the relative abundance, patterns and diversity of fecal bacterial populations in two coastal areas in the Northern Adriatic Sea (Italy): the Po river prodelta (PRP, an estuarine area receiving significant contaminant discharge from one of the largest European rivers) and the Lagoon of Venice (LV, a transitional environment impacted by a multitude of anthropogenic stressors). From both areas, several indicators of fecal and sewage contamination were determined in the sediments using Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) of 16S rDNA amplicons. At both areas, fecal contamination was high, with fecal bacteria accounting for up to 3.96% and 1.12% of the sediment bacterial assemblages in PRP and LV, respectively. The magnitude of the fecal signature was highest in the PRP site, highlighting the major role of the Po river in spreading microbial contaminants into the adjacent coastal area. In the LV site, fecal pollution was highest in the urban area, and almost disappeared when moving to the open sea. Our analysis revealed a large number of fecal Operational Taxonomic Units (OTU, 960 and 181 in PRP and LV, respectively) and showed a different fecal signature in the two areas, suggesting a diverse contribution of human and non-human sources of contamination. These results highlight the potential of NGS techniques to gain insights into the origin and fate of different fecal bacteria populations in aquatic sediments.
Reconstruction of flood events in an oxbow lake (Marótzugi-Holt-Tisza, NE Hungary) by using subfossil cladocerans remains and sediments
Authors: Korponai János , Gyulai István , Braun Mihály , Kövér Csilla , Papp István , Forró László
Published: November 2016

Oxbow lakes are important components of the floodplain systems of lowland rivers. During flood events, oxbows are connected with the main river channel, and behave as lotic systems, while during inter-flood periods, these lakes can be considered as lentic ecosystems. Rivers are generally poor in planktonic organisms and their sediments contain scarce biological remains in comparison to lentic water ecosystems. However, due to their alternating running and standing water regime, sedimentary biological remains of oxbow lakes can be used as proxies for tracking changes of past hydrological regimes. In this study we investigated how cladoceran communities respond to flood events, and whether flood events can be recognized by community analysis of cladoceran remains. A sediment core from Marótzugi-Holt-Tisza oxbow lake was analyzed for identification of past flood events based on changes in the subfossil Cladocera community. Floods were defined based on the proportion of fine sand (50 µm grain size) in the oxbow sediments. If the fine sand portion was <3%, the water regime of the oxbow was considered as lentic, otherwise it was lotic. Both organic and pigment contents were significantly higher in the core sections deposited during lentic stages. Thirty-four Cladocera species were determined in this core, all common to littoral habitats of eutrophic shallow lakes in Hungary. One planktonic (Bosmina longirostris) and four chydorid species (Alona rectangula, Acroperus harpae, Alonella nana and Chydorus sphaericus) were dominant  throughout the core and contributed >90% of total remains. Discriminant analysis on cladoceran data confirmed that lotic and lentic hydrological stages were characterized by different Cladocera species associations. Bosmina longirostris, Chydorus sphaericus, Alona rectangula, Acroperus harpae, Leydigia leydigi, A. quadrangularis and A. nana were mainly responsible for the differences between lotic and lentic species assemblages.  Our results revealed that Cladocera remains can be used to track changes in the hydrological regime of oxbow lakes.  

 
[Discovery of a little Bustard (Tetrax tetrax) in the province of Venice (Italy) and review of Venetian reports]
Authors: Sgorlon Giacomo , Sighele Maurizio
Published: November 2016

[We report the recovery of a wing and the body of a Little Bustard between March 31st and April 7th 2012 in Isiata, San Donà di Piave (VE), it was a female in first winter plumage. Death was almost certainly caused by a collision with electric cables. At the end of 19th century Little Bustard was regular in Veneto, but sightings of this species became progressively scarcer during 20th century, so it was classified as “B40” (species not recorded since 1949) at the suggestion of AERC (Association of European Rarities Committees). The recovery of the corpse in this note is the 4th sighting in Veneto in last 50 years, and we know of 2 additional observations. Between 1950 and the present day there have been 10 regional sightings, so we suggest changing the status of this species in the Veneto to “A30”, according to AERC.]

 
Yellow-legged Gull Larus michahellis captures and drowns a Feral Pigeon Columba livia
Authors: Canestrelli Alessandro , Fraticelli Fulvio
Published: November 2016

A Yellow-legged Gull catching a Feral Pigeon, flies to a nearby small lake and kills him drowning. This behaviour can be explained or with higher cognitive ability, related with the use of innovative methods, or with a generalist behaviour that offers the opportunity to use new techniques.
Storie di uccelli
Authors: La Mantia Tommaso
Published: November 2016

not available
Atlante degli uccelli nidificanti in provincia di Bergamo
Authors: Boano Giovanni
Published: November 2016

not available
Aldo Pazzuconi (Canevino 16 agosto 1922 - Stradella 3 marzo 2016)
Authors: Fasola Mauro
Published: November 2016

not available
Interrupting separateness, disrupting comfort: An autoethnographic account of lived religion, ubuntu and spatial justice
Authors: Eliastam John
Published: November 2016

This article uses a fictionalised encounter as the basis for an autoethnographic exploration of the intersections between the South African social value of ubuntu and the notion of spatial justice. Ubuntu describes the interconnectedness of human lives. It asserts that a person is only a person through other people, a recognition that calls for deep respect, empathy and kindness. Ubuntu is expressed in selfless generosity and sharing. The spatial turn in the social sciences and humanities has resulted in a concern with the relationship between space and justice. It recognises that space is not simply an empty container in which people live and act, but is something that is constructed by social relations – and simultaneously constitutive of them. While this recognition gives rise to spatial perspectives on justice, what constitutes spatial, justice, as distinct from other notions of justice, and how such justice is to be achieved are contested. Building on the work of legal scholar, Andreas Philippopoulos-Mihalopoulos, on spatial justice, I argue that the notion of ubuntu is able to shape our understanding of spatial justice, and when practised, it is able to disrupt space and challenge dominant spatial configurations.
Theology disrupted by the challenge of refugee children
Authors: Kritzinger Johannes , Mande Martin
Published: November 2016

This article focuses on the plight of refugee children and families and takes the form of a dialogue between an academic theologian and a community activist who works for an organisation assisting refugees in Tshwane. This article is structured according to a sixdimensional ‘pastoral cycle’ that explores agency, contextual understanding, ecclesial scrutiny, interpreting the tradition, discernment for action and spirituality. In each section the views of the two authors are juxtaposed, rather than merged into a single voice. This article concludes with a reflection on the method followed.
Science and mathematics teaching through local games in preschools of Botswana
Authors: Bose Kabita , Seetso Grace
Published: November 2016

This article presents a study regarding preschool teachers’ skills and competencies in teaching science and mathematics. The aim of the project was twofold; one to find out the preschool teachers’ knowledge about mathematics and science concepts and then to develop support material to empower them with skills and competencies to teach these concepts in preschools. A qualitative approach was adopted, and a case study method was used. Data were collected through two workshops and focus group discussions with preschool teachers. The study revealed that the preschool teachers had content knowledge, but lacked pedagogical knowledge that is crucial in teaching of preschool children, and they provided science and mathematics experiences in preschools scarcely. A resource book of 33 local games and rhymes thus was developed as a support material to empower the teachers with skills and competencies to use play to teach science and mathematics in preschools. The resource book developed consists of 33 local games/rhymes and is packaged with the games’ illustrations, steps and rules followed in the games, science and mathematics concepts and competencies that could be taught to children, along with probing questions that would help in teaching of science and mathematics concepts to children.
Orthodontic management of patients with cleft lip and palate
Authors: Shetye Pradip R.
Published: November 2016

The management of patients with cleft lip and cleft palate requires prolonged orthodontic and surgical treatment and an interdisciplinary approach in providing them with optimal esthetics, function, and stability. This paper describes an update on the current concepts and principles in the treatment of patients with cleft lip and palate. Sequencing and timing of orthodontic/orthopedic and surgical treatment in infancy, early mixed dentition, early permanent dentition, and after the completion of facial growth will be discussed.
M block for bite opening
Authors: Gupta Mayank , Tandon Ragni , Chandra Pratik
Published: November 2016

Cross bite and deep bite are very common problems, which we face today. These problems lead to either debonding of the brackets or delay in the treatment. Bite opening has always been a boon to evolve through these situations. This block is easy to fabricate and can be used in an advantage without the delay of the treatment.
Mesiodistal angulation of the lateral teeth to the functional occlusal plane in normal occlusions
Authors: Ueda Hiroshi , Masunaga Morio , Horie Kayo , Medina Cynthia Concepcion , Tanne Kazuo
Published: November 2016

Introduction

Crowding is a malocclusion with irregularly positioned teeth caused by arch length discrepancy (ALD). Its incidence is high compared with the various malocclusions. In a previous study the crowns of the maxillary lateral teeth had erupted mesially in relation to the functional occlusal plane (FOP) in patients with Angle Class I malocclusion and highly erupted canines, which had been uprighted by non-extraction orthodontic treatment, yet these results were based on only two cases evaluated by using plaster models. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess the mesiodistal angulations of both maxillary and mandibular teeth relative to the FOP in normal occlusion by means of cephalograms and identifying the teeth axial factors contributing to the normal dentitions with the least ALD.

Materials and Methods

Thirty Japanese young adult patients (6 males, 24 females) with normal occlusion were selected to participate in this study; cephalograms were procured from each and the FOP was used as a reference plane for measuring the changes in the axial angulation along with other indicators of vertical growth.

Results

Progressive mesial tipping of the maxillary lateral teeth was observed. First premolars tended to express this more than the second premolars but the tipping values were roughly 90º relative to the FOP on the first molars.

Conclusion

The maxillary lateral teeth are more mesially angulated compared to the mandibular ones relative to the FOP. Furthermore, progressive mesial tipping of the maxillary lateral teeth was detected, of which axial angulations were significantly correlated to each other, in spite the mandibular premolars and molars being angulated in a similar fashion.
Digital Technologies in Early Childhood Art
Authors: Mona Sakr
Published: November 2016

Through art children make sense of their experiences and the world around them. Drawing, painting, collage and modelling are open-ended and playful processes through which children engage in physical exploration, aesthetic decision-making, identity construction and social understanding. As digital technologies become increasingly prevalent in the lives of young children, there is a pressing need to understand how digital technologies shape important experiences in early childhood, including early childhood art.

Mona Sakr shows the need to consider how particular dimensions of the art-making process are changed by the use of digital technologies and what can be done by parents, practitioners and designers to enable children to adopt playful and creative practices in their interactions with digital technologies. Incorporating different theoretical perspectives, including social semiotics and posthumanism, and drawing on various research studies, this book highlights how children engage with different facets of art-making with digital technologies including: remix and mash-up; distributed ownership; imagined audiences and changed sensory and social interactions.
Diurnal, weekly, seasonal, and spatial variabilities in carbon dioxide flux in different urban landscapes in Sakai, Japan
Authors: Ueyama Masahito , Ando Tomoya
Published: November 2016

Abstract. To evaluate CO2 emissions in urban areas and their temporal and spatial variability, continuous measurements of CO2 fluxes were conducted using the eddy covariance method at three locations in Sakai, Osaka, Japan. Based on the flux footprint at the measurement sites, CO2 fluxes from the three sites were partitioned into five datasets representing a dense urban center, a moderately urban area, a suburb, an urban park, and a rural area. A distinct biological uptake of CO2 was observed in the suburb, urban park, and rural areas in the daytime, whereas high emissions were observed in the dense and moderate urban areas in the daytime. Weekday CO2 emissions in the dense urban center and suburban area were approximately 50 % greater than emissions during weekends and holidays, but the other landscapes did not exhibit a clear weekly cycle. Seasonal variations in the urban park, rural area, and suburban area were influenced by photosynthetic uptake, exhibiting the lowest daily emissions or even uptake during the summer months. In contrast, the dense and moderately urban areas emitted CO2 in all seasons. CO2 emissions in the urban areas were high in the winter and summer months, and they significantly increased with the increase in air temperature in the summer and the decrease in air temperature in the winter. Irrespective of the land cover type, all urban landscapes measured in this study acted as net annual CO2 sources, with emissions ranging from 0.5 to 4.9 kg C m−2 yr−1. The magnitude of the annual CO2 emissions was negatively correlated with the green fraction; areas with a smaller green fraction had higher annual CO2 emissions. Upscaled flux estimated based on the green fraction indicated that the emissions for the entire city were 3.3 kg C m−2 yr−1, which is equivalent to 0.5 Tg C yr−1 or 1.8 Mt CO2 yr−1, based on the area of the city (149.81 km2). A network of eddy covariance measurements is useful for characterizing the spatial and temporal variations in net CO2 fluxes from urban areas. Multiple methods would be required to evaluate the rationale behind the fluxes and overcome the limitations in the future.
Disk and circumsolar radiances in the presence of ice clouds
Authors: Haapanala Päivi , Räisänen Petri , McFarquhar Greg M. , Tiira Jussi , Macke Andreas , Kahnert Michael , DeVore John , Nousiainen Timo
Published: November 2016

Abstract. The impact of ice clouds on solar-disk and circumsolar radiances is investigated using a Monte Carlo radiative transfer model. The monochromatic direct and diffuse radiances are simulated at angles of 0° to 8° from the center of the Sun. Input data for the model are derived from measurements conducted during the 2010 Small Particles in Cirrus campaign together with state-of-the-art databases of optical properties of ice crystals and aerosols. For selected cases, the simulated radiances are compared with ground-based radiance measurements with the Sun and Aureole Measurement (SAM) instrument. First, the sensitivity of the radiances to the ice cloud properties and aerosol optical thickness was addressed. The angular dependence of the disk and circumsolar radiances was found to be most sensitive to assumptions about ice crystal roughness (or, more generally, non-ideal features of ice crystals) and size distribution, with ice crystal habit playing a somewhat smaller role. Second, in the comparisons with SAM data, the ice-cloud optical thickness was adjusted for each case so that the simulated radiances agreed closely (i.e., within 3 %) with the measured disk radiances. Circumsolar radiances at angles larger than ≈ 3° were systematically underestimated when assuming smooth ice crystals, but the agreement with the measurements was better when rough ice crystals were assumed. Our results suggest that it may well be possible to infer the particle roughness (or more generally, non-ideality) directly from ground-based SAM measurements. In addition, the results show the necessity of correcting the ground-based measurements of direct radiation for the presence of diffuse radiation in the instrument's field of view, in particular in the presence of ice clouds.
Cloud condensation Nuclei over the Southern Ocean: wind dependence and seasonal cycles
Authors: Gras John L. , Keywood Melita
Published: November 2016

Abstract. Multi-decadal observations of aerosol microphysical properties from regionally representative sites can be used to challenge regional or global numerical models that simulate atmospheric aerosol. Presented here is an analysis of multi-decadal observations at Cape Grim (Australia) that characterise production and removal of the background marine aerosol in Southern Ocean marine boundary layer (MBL) on both short-term weather-related and underlying seasonal scales. A trimodal aerosol distribution comprises Aitken nuclei ( 350 nm) modes, with the Aitken mode dominating number concentration. While the integrated particle number in the MBL over the clean Southern Ocean is only weakly dependent on wind speed the different modes in the aerosol size distribution vary in their relationship with windspeed. The balance between a positive wind dependence in the coarse mode and negative dependence in the accumulation/CCN mode leads to a relatively flat wind dependence in summer and moderately strong positive wind dependence in winter. The change-over in wind dependence of these two modes occurs in a very small size range at the mode intersection, indicative of differences in the balance of production and removal in the coarse and accumulation/CCN modes. While a marine biological source of reduced sulfur appears to dominate CCN concentration over the summer months (December to February) other components contribute to CCN over the full annual cycle. Wind-generated coarse mode sea-salt is an important CCN component year round and is the second most important contributor to CCN from autumn through to mid-spring (March to November). A portion of the non-seasonal dependent contributor to CCN can clearly be attributed to wind generated sea-salt with the remaining part potentially being attributed to long range transported material. Under conditions of greater supersaturation, as expected in more convective cyclonic systems and their associated fronts, Aitken mode particles become increasingly important as CCN.
Airborne remote sensing and in-situ measurements of atmospheric
CO2 to quantify point source emissions
Authors: Krings Thomas , Neininger Bruno , Gerilowski Konstantin , Krautwurst Sven , Buchwitz Michael , Burrows John P. , Lindemann Carsten , Ruhtz Thomas , Schüttemeyer Dirk , Bovensmann Heinrich
Published: November 2016

Abstract. Reliable techniques to infer greenhouse gas emission rates from localised sources require accurate measurement and inversion approaches. In this study airborne remote sensing observations by the MAMAP instrument and airborne in-situ measurements are used to infer emission estimates of carbon dioxide released from a cluster of coal fired power plants. For the analysis of in-situ data, a mass balance approach is described and applied. Whereas for the remote sensing observations an inverse Gaussian plume model is used in addition to a mass balance technique. A comparison between methods shows that results for all methods agree within a few percent for cases where in-situ measurements were made for the complete vertical plume extent. Even though the power plants are partly in close proximity and the associated carbon dioxide plumes are overlapping it is possible to derive emission rates from remote sensing data for individual power plants that agree well with results derived from emission factors and energy production data for the time of the overflight.
CFC-11, CFC-12 and HCFC-22 ground-based remote sensing FTIR measurements at Réunion Island and comparisons with MIPAS/ENVISAT data
Authors: Zhou Minqiang , Vigouroux Corinne , Langerock Bavo , Wang Pucai , Dutton Geoff , Hermans Christian , Kumps Nicolas , Metzger Jean-Marc , Toon Geoff , De Mazière Martine
Published: November 2016

Abstract. Profiles of CFC-11 (CCl3F), CFC-12 (CCl2F2) and HCFC-22 (CHF2Cl) have been obtained from Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) solar absorption measurements above the Saint-Denis (St Denis) and Maïdo sites at Réunion Island (21° S, 55° E) with low vertical resolution. FTIR profile retrievals are performed by the well-established SFIT4 program and the detail retrieval strategies along with the systematic/random uncertainties of CFC-11, CFC-12 and HCFC-22 are discussed in this study. The FTIR data of all three species are sensitive to the whole troposphere and the lowermost stratosphere, with the peak sensitivity between 5 and 10 km. The ground-based FTIR data have been compared with the collocated Michelson Interferometer for Passive Atmospheric Sounding (MIPAS/ENVISAT) data and found to be in good agreement: the observed mean relative biases and standard deviations of the differences between the smoothed MIPAS and FTIR partial columns (6–30 km) are (−4.3 and 4.4 %), (−2.9 and 4.6 %) and (−0.7 and 4.8 %) for CFC-11, CFC-12 and HCFC-22, respectively, which are within the combined error budgets from both measurements. The season cycles of CFC-11, CFC-12 and HCFC-22 from FTIR measurements and MIPAS data show a similar variation: concentration is highest in February–April and lowest in August–October. The trends derived from the combined St Denis and Maïdo FTIR time series are −0.86 ± 0.12 and 2.84 ± 0.06 % year−1 for CFC-11 and HCFC-22, respectively, for the period 2004 to 2016, and −0.76 ± 0.05 % year−1 for CFC-12 for 2009 to 2016. These measurements are consistent with the trends observed by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Global Monitoring Division's (GMD) Halocarbons & other Atmospheric Trace Species Group (HATS) measurements at Samoa (14.2° S, 170.5° W) for CFC-11 (−0.87 ± 0.04 % year−1), but slightly weaker for HCFC-22 (3.46 ± 0.05 %) year−1 and stronger for CFC-12 (−0.60 ± 0.02 % year−1).
A technique for rapid source apportionment applied to ambient organic aerosol measurements from a thermal desorption aerosol gas chromatograph (TAG)
Authors: Zhang Yaping , Williams Brent J. , Goldstein Allen H. , Docherty Kenneth S. , Jimenez Jose L.
Published: November 2016

Abstract. We present a rapid method for apportioning the sources of atmospheric organic aerosol composition measured by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry methods. Here, we specifically apply this new analysis method to data acquired on a thermal desorption aerosol gas chromatograph (TAG) system. Gas chromatograms are divided by retention time into evenly spaced bins, within which the mass spectra are summed. A previous chromatogram binning method was introduced for the purpose of chromatogram structure deconvolution (e.g., major compound classes) (Zhang et al., 2014). Here we extend the method development for the specific purpose of determining aerosol samples' sources. Chromatogram bins are arranged into an input data matrix for positive matrix factorization (PMF), where the sample number is the row dimension and the mass-spectra-resolved eluting time intervals (bins) are the column dimension. Then two-dimensional PMF can effectively do three-dimensional factorization on the three-dimensional TAG mass spectra data. The retention time shift of the chromatogram is corrected by applying the median values of the different peaks' shifts. Bin width affects chemical resolution but does not affect PMF retrieval of the sources' time variations for low-factor solutions. A bin width smaller than the maximum retention shift among all samples requires retention time shift correction. A six-factor PMF comparison among aerosol mass spectrometry (AMS), TAG binning, and conventional TAG compound integration methods shows that the TAG binning method performs similarly to the integration method. However, the new binning method incorporates the entirety of the data set and requires significantly less pre-processing of the data than conventional single compound identification and integration. In addition, while a fraction of the most oxygenated aerosol does not elute through an underivatized TAG analysis, the TAG binning method does have the ability to achieve molecular level resolution on other bulk aerosol components commonly observed by the AMS.
Quantifying soil carbon accumulation in Alaskan terrestrial ecosystems during the last 15 000 years
Authors: Wang Sirui , Zhuang Qianlai , Yu Zicheng
Published: November 2016

Abstract. Northern high latitudes contain large amounts of soil organic carbon (SOC), of which Alaskan terrestrial ecosystems account for a substantial proportion. In this study, the SOC accumulation in Alaskan terrestrial ecosystems over the last 15 000 years was simulated using a process-based biogeochemistry model for both peatland and non-peatland ecosystems. Comparable with the previous estimates of 25–70 Pg C in peatland and 13–22 Pg C in non-peatland soils within 1 m depth in Alaska using peat-core data, our model estimated a total SOC of 36–63 Pg C at present, including 27–48 Pg C in peatland soils and 9–15 Pg C in non-peatland soils. Current vegetation stored 2.5–3.7 Pg C in Alaska, with 0.3–0.6 Pg C in peatlands and 2.2–3.1 Pg C in non-peatlands. The simulated average rate of peat C accumulation was 2.3 Tg C yr−1, with a peak value of 5.1 Tg C yr−1 during the Holocene Thermal Maximum (HTM) in the early Holocene, 4-fold higher than the average rate of 1.4 Tg C yr−1 over the rest of the Holocene. The SOC accumulation slowed down, or even ceased, during the neoglacial climate cooling after the mid-Holocene, but increased again in the 20th century. The model-estimated peat depths ranged from 1.1 to 2.7 m, similar to the field-based estimate of 2.29 m for the region. We found that the changes in vegetation and their distributions were the main factors in determining the spatial variations of SOC accumulation during different time periods. Warmer summer temperature and stronger radiation seasonality, along with higher precipitation in the HTM and the 20th century, might have resulted in the extensive peatland expansion and carbon accumulation.
Sources, cycling and export of nitrogen on the Greenland Ice Sheet
Authors: Wadham Jemma Louise , Hawkings Jonathan , Telling Jon , Chandler Dave , Alcock Jon , O'Donnell Emily , Kaur Preeti , Bagshaw Elizabeth , Tranter Martyn , Tedstone Andre , Nienow Peter
Published: November 2016

Abstract. Fjord and continental shelf environments in the polar regions are host to some of the planet's most productive ecosystems and support economically important fisheries. Their productivity, however, is often critically dependent upon nutrient supply from upstream terrestrial environments delivered via river systems. In glacially fed coastal ecosystems, riverine nutrients are largely sourced from melting snow and ice. The largest and most extensive glacially fed coastal ecosystem in the Arctic is that bordering the Greenland Ice Sheet. The future primary productivity of this ecosystem, however, is uncertain. A potential increase in primary productivity driven by reduced sea ice extent and associated increased light levels may be curtailed by insufficient nutrient supply, and specifically nitrogen. Research on small valley glaciers indicates that glaciers are important sources of nitrogen to downstream environments. However, no data exist from ice sheet systems such as Greenland. Time series of nitrogen concentrations in runoff are documented from a large Greenland glacier, demonstrating seasonally elevated fluxes to the ocean. Fluxes are highest in mid-summer, when nitrogen limitation is commonly reported in coastal waters. It is estimated that approximately half of the glacially exported nitrogen is sourced from microbial activity within glacial sediments at the surface and bed of the ice sheet, doubling nitrogen fluxes in runoff. Summer dissolved inorganic nitrogen fluxes from the Greenland Ice Sheet (30–40 Gg) are a similar order of magnitude to those from a large Arctic river (Holmes et al., 2012). Nitrogen yields from the ice sheet (236 kg TDN km−2 a−1), however, are approximately double those from Arctic riverine catchments. We assert that this ice sheet nitrogen subsidy to Arctic coastal ecosystems may be important for understanding coastal biodiversity, productivity and fisheries and should be considered in future biogeochemical modelling studies of coastal marine productivity in the Arctic regions.
Self-similar growth of a bimodal laboratory fan
Authors: Delorme Pauline , Voller Vaughan , Paola Chris , Devauchelle Olivier , Lajeunesse Éric , Barrier Laurie , Métivier François
Published: November 2016

Abstract. Using laboratory experiments, we investigate the growth of an alluvial fan fed with two distinct granular materials. Throughout the growth of the fan, its surface maintains a radial segregation, with the less mobile sediment concentrated near the apex. Scanning the fan surface with a laser, we find that the transition between the proximal and distal deposits coincides with a distinct slope break. A radial cross-section reveals that the stratigraphy of the deposit bears the mark of this consistent segregation. To interpret these observations, we conceptualize the fan as a radially symmetric structure that maintains its geometry as it grows. When combined with slope measurements, this model proves consistent with the sediment mass balance and successfully predicts the slope of the proximal-distal transition as preserved in the fan stratigraphy. The threshold channel theory provides an order-of-magnitude estimate of the fan slope, but relatively high sediment discharges manifest themselves in the form of slopes 3–5 times higher than those predicted from the theory.
Comparison of PMCAMx aerosol optical depth predictions over Europe with AERONET and MODIS measurements
Authors: Panagiotopoulou Antigoni , Charalampidis Panagiotis , Fountoukis Christos , Pilinis Christodoulos , Pandis Spyros N.
Published: November 2016

Abstract. The ability of chemical transport model (CTM) PMCAMx to reproduce aerosol optical depth (AOD) measurements by the Aerosol Robotic Network (AERONET) and the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) over Europe during the photochemically active period of May 2008 (EUCAARI campaign) is evaluated. Periods with high dust or sea-salt levels are excluded, so the analysis focuses on the ability of the model to simulate the mostly secondary aerosol and its interactions with water. PMCAMx reproduces the monthly mean MODIS and AERONET AOD values over the Iberian Peninsula, the British Isles, central Europe, and Russia with a fractional bias of less than 15 % and a fractional error of less than 30 %. However, the model overestimates the AOD over northern Europe, most probably due to an overestimation of organic aerosol and sulfates. At the other end, PMCAMx underestimates the monthly mean MODIS AOD over the Balkans, the Mediterranean, and the South Atlantic. These errors appear to be related to an underestimation of sulfates. Sensitivity tests indicate that the evaluation results of the monthly mean AODs are quite sensitive to the relative humidity (RH) fields used by PMCAMx, but are not sensitive to the simulated size distribution and the black carbon mixing state. The screening of the satellite retrievals for periods with high dust (or coarse particles in general) concentrations as well as the combination of the MODIS and AERONET datasets lead to more robust conclusions about the ability of the model to simulate the secondary aerosol components that dominate the AOD during this period.
LS-APC v1.0: a tuning-free method for the linear inverse problem and its application to source-term determination
Authors: Tichý Ondřej , Šmídl Václav , Hofman Radek , Stohl Andreas
Published: November 2016

Abstract. Estimation of pollutant releases into the atmosphere is an important problem in the environmental sciences. It is typically formalized as an inverse problem using a linear model that can explain observable quantities (e.g., concentrations or deposition values) as a product of the source-receptor sensitivity (SRS) matrix obtained from an atmospheric transport model multiplied by the unknown source-term vector. Since this problem is typically ill-posed, current state-of-the-art methods are based on regularization of the problem and solution of a formulated optimization problem. This procedure depends on manual settings of uncertainties that are often very poorly quantified, effectively making them tuning parameters. We formulate a probabilistic model, that has the same maximum likelihood solution as the conventional method using pre-specified uncertainties. Replacement of the maximum likelihood solution by full Bayesian estimation also allows estimation of all tuning parameters from the measurements. The estimation procedure is based on the variational Bayes approximation which is evaluated by an iterative algorithm. The resulting method is thus very similar to the conventional approach, but with the possibility to also estimate all tuning parameters from the observations. The proposed algorithm is tested and compared with the standard methods on data from the European Tracer Experiment (ETEX) where advantages of the new method are demonstrated. A MATLAB implementation of the proposed algorithm is available for download.
Multiple-point statistical simulation for hydrogeological models: 3D training image development and conditioning strategies
Authors: Høyer Anne-Sophie , Vignoli Giulio , Mejer Hansen Thomas , Vu Le Thanh , Keefer Donald A. , Jørgensen Flemming
Published: November 2016

Abstract. Most studies about the application of geostatistical simulations based on multiple-point statistics (MPS) to hydrogeological modelling focus on relatively fine-scale models and concentrate on the estimation of facies-level, structural uncertainty. Much less attention is paid to the use of input data and optimal construction of training images. For instance, even though the training image should capture a set of spatial geological characteristics to guide the simulations, the majority of the research still relies on 2D or quasi-3D training images. In the present study, we demonstrate a novel strategy for 3D MPS modelling characterized by: (i) realistic 3D training images, and (ii) an effective workflow for incorporating a diverse group of geological and geophysical data sets. The study covers an area of 2810 km2 in the southern part of Denmark. MPS simulations are performed on a subset of the geological succession (the lower to middle Miocene sediments) which is characterized by relatively uniform structures and dominated by sand and clay. The simulated domain is large and each of the geostatistical realizations contains approximately 45 million voxels with size 100 m × 100 m × 5 m. Data used for the modelling include water well logs, high-resolution seismic data, and a previously published 3D geological model. We apply a series of different strategies for the simulations based on data quality, and develop a novel method to effectively create observed sand/clay spatial trends. The training image is constructed as a small 3D voxel model covering an area of 90 km2. We use an iterative training image development strategy and find that even slight modifications in the training image create significant changes in simulations. Thus, the study underlines that it is important to consider both the geological environment, and the type and quality of input information in order to achieve optimal results from MPS modelling. In this study we present a possible workflow to build the training image and effectively handle different types of input information to perform large-scale geostatistical modelling.