bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Bearded sprangletop (Diplachne fusca ssp. fascicularis) flooding tolerance in California rice
Authors: Driver Katie E. , Al-Khatib Kassim , Godar Amar
Published: September 2019

Bearded sprangletop is a problematic weed in California rice production. The objective of this research was to determine the response of two bearded sprangletop biotypes (clomazone-susceptible [S] and -resistant [R]) to flooding depth. A study was conducted in 2017 and 2018 at the California Rice Experiment Station in Biggs, CA, to evaluate the flooding tolerance of the two biotypes against 5-, 10-, and 20-cm continuous flooding depths. Plant emergence, plant height, panicles per plant, seed per panicle, 100-seed weight, and seed per plant data were collected. At the 5-cm flood depth, neither biotype was controlled, and the R biotype had 260% more emergence, produced 475% more panicles per plant, and 455% more seed per plant than the S biotype. With a 10-cm flood, only the R biotype survived flooding and produced more panicles per plant and seed per plant than any other flood depth–biotype combination evaluated. There was no emergence of either bearded sprangletop biotype at the 20-cm flood depth. Continuous flooding can still be used as a management tool to control bearded sprangletop; however, the depth of flooding appears to limit emergence of S biotypes at 5 cm and R biotypes at 10 cm, and completely inhibits growth of both biotypes at 20 cm. The results of this study indicate that clomazone-resistant bearded sprangletop is more likely to spread throughout the Sacramento Valley because this biotype can survive clomazone applications and can tolerate a standard 10-cm flood.
Pangea and the Lower Mantle
Authors: Le Pichon Xavier , Şengör A. M. Celâl , İmren Caner
Published: September 2019

We show that the peripheral Pangea subduction zone closely followed a polar great circle. We relate it to the band of faster‐than‐average velocities in lowermost mantle. Both structures have an axis of symmetry in the equatorial plane. Assuming geologically long‐term stationarity of the deep mantle structure, we propose to use the axis of symmetry of Pangea to define an absolute reference frame. This reference frame is close to the slab remnants and NNR frames of reference but disagrees with hot spot‐based frames. We apply this model to the last 400 Myr. We show that a hemispheric supercontinent appeared as early as 400 Ma. However, at 400 Ma, the axis of symmetry was situated quite far south and progressively migrated within the equatorial plane that it reached at 300 Ma. From 300 to 110–100 Ma, it maintained its position within the equatorial plane. We propose that the stationarity of Pangea within a single hemisphere surrounded by subduction zones led to thermal isolation of the underlying asthenosphere and consequent heating as well as a large accumulation of hot plume material. We discuss some important implications of our analysis concerning the proposition that the succession of supercontinents and dispersed continents is controlled by an alternation from a degree 1 to a degree 2 planform.
Preservation of Cyanobacterial UVR‐Shielding Pigment Scytonemin in Carbonate Ooids Formed in Pleistocene Salt Lakes in the Qaidam Basin, Tibetan Plateau
Authors: Sun Yu , Li Yiliang , Li Long , He Hongping
Published: September 2019

The formation of ooids and their use as a proxy to trace biogeochemical cycles have long been controversial. Here, we examined three beds of evaporite‐cemented ooids in the Qaidam Basin, including a layer of dolomitic ooids formed at 293 ± 4 kyr and cemented by gypsum at 266 ± 3 kyr, a layer of aragonitic ooids formed at 163 ± 1 kyr and cemented by halite at 111 ± 0.8 kyr, and another layer of aragonitic ooids formed at 38 ± 0.5 kyr and cemented by gypsum at 23 ± 0.3 kyr. The Raman spectra of organic extracts from these ooids indicate ubiquitous preservation of scytonemin, a unique cyanobacterial ultraviolet radiation (UVR)‐shielding pigment. This discovery suggests that ooids are capable of preserving biomarker from their depositional environment. Consequently, ooid may be used as a proxy for tracing biogeochemical processes and potentially applied to the search for life on Mars.
Radio Occultation Observations of the Solar Corona Over 1.60–1.86 R⊙: Faraday Rotation and Frequency Shift Analysis
Authors: Wexler David. B. , Hollweg Joseph V. , Efimov Anatoli I. , Song Paul , Jensen Elizabeth A. , Lionello Roberto , Vierinen Juha , Coster Anthea J.
Published: September 2019

The study of coronal energy transport, central to the solar wind acceleration problem, relies upon accurate representation of magnetic fields and plasma electron densities. This information is difficult to obtain in middle‐to‐lower coronal regions that may contain complex magnetic structures. Faraday rotation (FR) solar radio occultation observations, which reveal line‐of‐sight (LOS) integrated product of the coronal magnetic field and electron density, can help characterize the coronal environment and constrain magnetic field strengths. Global magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) models use specified synoptic solar surface magnetograms and may be used to facilitate FR interpretation by estimating detailed magnetic field properties along the radio LOS. We present a hybrid FR analysis incorporating magnetic field solutions from an MHD coronal model, and an electron density radial profile conforming to radio frequency shift observations. The FR modeled by the hybrid method is compared to MErcury Surface, Space ENvironment, GEochemistry and Ranging spacecraft radio FR observations through a coronal region of low heliolatitudes and radial distance 1.60–1.86 R⊙ from the heliocenter, collected during a state of relative solar quiescence. The hybrid model reasonably reproduces the form, polarity, and magnitude of the observed FR. For this specific coronal region, the calculated radial profile of electron concentrations and varied magnetic field strengths indicate Alfvén wave speeds below 50 km/s close to the point of closest approach but near 400 km/s in adjacent regions along the sounding LOS. The new approach of combining MHD models with radio sounding observations supports study of MHD wave processes in the challenging middle‐coronal magneto‐ionic environment.
Role of Bioroughness, Bioirrigation, and Turbulence on Oxygen Dynamics at the Sediment‐Water Interface
Authors: Liu Y. , Reible D. , Hussain F. , Fang H.
Published: September 2019

Models that have been developed to quantify the oxygen flux at the sediment‐water interface (SWI) generally do not explicitly consider the influence of bioroughness (mounds and burrows) and bioirrigation. We performed a numerical study of the influence of overlying water velocity, bioroughness, and bioirrigation on the oxygen flux across the SWI. We found that compared with a flat bed, bioroughness significantly increases O2transport at the SWI as a result of enhanced turbulence and pressure differences across the roughness. Bioirrigation can also enhance O2transport across the SWI by a factor of up to 10 when the roughness Reynolds number (Re*) is low, but the influence of bioirrigation decreases with increasingRe*. Burrows increase O2penetration depth, and bioirrigation causes asymmetric distributions of O2along burrows. Despite the complexity of O2distribution in sediments, the net exchange across the SWI can be described by the relationship of O'Connor and Harvey (2008,https://doi.org/10.1029/2008WR007160)when the shape is two‐dimensional or when the burrow density is low. When the burrow density is large, flow is three‐dimensional and flow interactions between burrows become important. Under these conditions the net exchange across the SWI increases by up to a factor of 4. A burrow number is introduced, Bu = [burrow density]1/2[burrow height], to correct the coefficient in O'Connor and Harvey's relationship, that is,a= 0.005 for Bu < 0.05 anda= 0.02 for Bu ≫ 0.1.
Traits of Autism Spectrum Disorder in School-Aged Children With Gender Dysphoria: A Comparison to Clinical Controls
Authors: Leef Jonathan H. , Brian Jessica , VanderLaan Doug P. , Wood Hayley , Scott Katreena , Lai Meng-Chuan , Bradley Susan J. , Zucker Kenneth J.
Published: September 2019

Objective: Studies of children with gender dysphoria (GD) have reported an overrepresentation of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) or traits. One limitation of these studies has been the absence of a concurrent comparison group of children referred for other clinical problems. The present study addressed this gap by comparing 61 children referred for GD with 40 children referred for other clinical concerns (age range, 4–12 years). Method: ASD caseness was measured in 2 ways: (a) a Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders ( DSM) diagnosis of ASD or cut-off scores for caseness or (b) dimensionally on 2 standardized measures. Results: Children with GD had a higher proportion with a co-occurring DSM diagnosis of ASD and a higher proportion who met the criterion for caseness on the Social Communications Questionnaire than the clinical controls. In contrast, on the Social Responsiveness Scale, the 2 groups were similar with regard to caseness and traits of ASD. Conclusions: The results of our study showed evidence of both specificity and nonspecificity with regard to ASD traits and caseness. Future research can adopt the principle of multifinality to understand better why only a minority of children with GD have a co-occurring diagnosis of ASD, but the majority does not.

Implications for Impact Statement

The present study draws specific attention to the overrepresentation of autism spectrum disorder traits among children referred for gender dysphoria. Children with gender dysphoria should be screened for a possible autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and, when warranted, receive a more comprehensive ASD diagnostic assessment to facilitate more holistic clinical care.
Flexible distributed feedback lasers based on nanoimprinted cellulose diacetate with efficient multiple wavelength lasing
Authors: Smirnov José R. Castro , Sousaraei Ahmad , Osorio Manuel R. , Casado Santiago , Hernández Jaime J. , Wu Longfei , Zhang Qi , Xia Ruidong , Granados Daniel , Wannemacher Reinhold , Rodriguez Isabel , Cabanillas-Gonzalez Juan
Published: September 2019

Here we present the assembly of novel transparent all-polymer distributed feedback (DFB) lasers. Flexible and highly transparent cellulose diacetate (CdA) was employed as substrate on which gratings with different periods were engraved by thermal nanoimprinting with high fidelity. Highly luminescent conjugated polymers (CP), poly (9,9-dioctylfluorene) (PFO), poly(9,9-dioctylfluorene-alt-benzothiadiazole) (F8BT), and a blend of F8BT and poly(3-hexylthiophene)-poly(9,9-dioctylfluorene-alt-benzothiadiazole) (P3HT:F8BT) were deposited by spin coating onto the nanostructured plastic surfaces, giving rise to perpendicular single-mode lasing emission in the blue, green, and red wavelength ranges, respectively. These lasers show linewidths below 1 nm and low thresholds (≈6 μJcm−2 for blue and red lasing emission), comparable to other state-of-the-art lasers obtained from similar optical gain materials on rigid substrates. The followed strategy is scalable and versatile, enabling the development of large area nanoimprinted DFB lasers (>1cm2) on plastic, which is highly relevant for applications in various markets.
Investigating Effects of Typographic Variables on Webpage Reading Through Eye Movements
Authors: Scaltritti Michele , Miniukovich Aliaksei , Venuti Paola , Job Remo , De Angeli Antonella , Sulpizio Simone
Published: September 2019

Webpage reading is ubiquitous in daily life. As Web technologies allow for a large variety of layouts and visual styles, the many formatting options may lead to poor design choices, including low readability. This research capitalizes on the existing readability guidelines for webpage design to outline several visuo-typographic variables and explore their effect on eye movements during webpage reading. Participants included children and adults, and for both groups typical readers and readers with dyslexia were considered. Actual webpages, rather than artificial ones, served as stimuli. This allowed to test multiple typographic variables in combination and in their typical ranges rather than in possibly unrealistic configurations. Several typographic variables displayed a significant effect on eye movements and reading performance. The effect was mostly homogeneous across the four groups, with a few exceptions. Beside supporting the notion that a few empirically-driven adjustments to the texts’ visual appearance can facilitate reading across different populations, the results also highlight the challenge of making digital texts accessible to readers with dyslexia. Theoretically, the results highlight the importance of low-level visual factors, corroborating the emphasis of recent psychological models on visual attention and crowding in reading.
Evaluation of permeability applicability based on continuum mechanics law in fluid flow through graphene membrane
Authors: Yamada Taro , Matsuzaki Ryosuke
Published: September 2019

Graphene is expected to be used in separation applications such as desalination. However, it is difficult to predict the flow phenomena at the nanoscale using the conventional continuum law. Particularly at a Knudsen number (Kn) of >0.1, which is applied in filtration, it has been reported that not even slip boundary conditions can be applied. In this study, to identify the parameters that affect the applicability of the continuum law, we conducted a fluid permeation simulation using graphene. The deviation of the permeability from that of the continuum model was calculated by changing the channel width, fluid temperature, and fluid type. The result showed that the channel width has the largest influence among the three factors, and that the magnitude of the divergence is sorted out based on the Knudsen number. Therefore, the permeability can be predicted even at the nanoscale where the continuum law cannot be applied.
MicroRNA-138 is a Prognostic Biomarker for Triple-Negative Breast Cancer and Promotes Tumorigenesis via TUSC2 repression
Authors: Nama Srikanth , Muhuri Manish , Di Pascale Federica , Quah Shan , Aswad Luay , Fullwood Melissa , Sampath Prabha
Published: September 2019

Breast cancer manifests as a spectrum of subtypes with distinct molecular signatures, and different responses to treatment. Of these subtypes, triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) has the worst prognoses and limited therapeutic options. Here we report aberrant expression of microRNA-138 (miR-138) in TNBC. Increased miR-138 expression is highly specific to this subtype, correlates with poor prognosis in patients, and is functionally relevant to cancer progression. Our findings establish miR-138 as a specific diagnostic and prognostic biomarker for TNBC. OncomiR-138 is pro-survival; sequence-specific miR-138 inhibition blocks proliferation, promotes apoptosis and inhibits tumour growth in-vivo. miR-138 directly targets a suite of pro-apoptotic and tumour suppressive genes, including tumour suppressor candidate 2 (TUSC2). miR-138 silences TUSC2 by binding to a unique 5′-UTR target-site, which overlaps with the translation start-site of the transcript. Over-expression of TUSC2 mimics the phenotype of miR-138 knockdown and functional rescue experiments confirm that TUSC2 is a direct downstream target of miR-138. Our report of miR-138 as an oncogenic driver in TNBC, positions it as a viable target for oligonucleotide therapeutics and we envision the potential value of using antimiR-138 as an adjuvant therapy to alleviate this therapeutically intractable cancer.
NH4+-N alleviates iron deficiency in rice seedlings under calcareous conditions
Authors: Zhang Xinjiang , Liu Hui , Zhang Shujie , Wang Juan , Wei Changzhou
Published: September 2019

Drip-irrigated rice (Oryza sativa L.) in calcareous soil exhibits signs of iron (Fe) deficiency. This study aimed to explore whether NH4+ alleviates Fe deficiency in rice seedlings grown under calcareous conditions. Two rice varieties (cv. ‘T43’ Fe deficiency-tolerant variety and cv. ‘T04’ Fe deficiency-sensitive variety) were used to carry out two independent experiments with exposure to different nitrogen (N) forms (nitrate (NO3−) or NH4+) under calcareous conditions. In experiment 1, plants were precultured in a nutrient solution with excess Fe (40 μM Fe(II)-EDTA) for 14 d and then supplied NO3−-N (NN) or NH4+-N (AN) without Fe for 3, 6, or 12 d. In experiment 2, plants were fed AN or NN with 10 µM Fe(II)-EDTA for 18 d. Compared to plants exposed to AN, leaves of plants exposed to NN showed severe chlorosis and significantly decreased chlorophyll content during Fe starvation. The xylem sap pH and cell wall Fe fraction in both shoots and roots of rice fed NN were significantly higher than those fed AN. However, the Fe concentration in xylem sap, soluble and organelle Fe fractions in both shoots and roots, and the shoot/root Fe content ratio in rice exposed to AN were significantly higher than those in plants exposed to NN. AN reduced the root aerenchyma fraction and root porosity compared to NN, which induced greater water uptake and hydraulic conductance by roots, hence the stronger xylem sap flow rate with AN. The results indicated that NH4+-N alleviated Fe deficiency in rice under calcareous conditions by promoting Fe re-allocation in rice tissues and Fe transportation from roots to shoots.
Habitat divergence shapes the morphological diversity of larval insects: insights from scorpionflies
Authors: Jiang Lu , Hua Yuan , Hu Gui-Lin , Hua Bao-Zhen
Published: September 2019

Insects are the most diverse group of organisms in the world, but how this diversity was achieved is still a disputable and unsatisfactorily resolved issue. In this paper, we investigated the correlations of habitat preferences and morphological traits in larval Panorpidae in the phylogenetic context to unravel the driving forces underlying the evolution of morphological traits. The results show that most anatomical features are shared by monophyletic groups and are synapomorphies. However, the phenotypes of body colorations are shared by paraphyletic assemblages, implying that they are adaptive characters. The larvae ofDicerapanorpaandCerapanorpaare epedaphic and are darkish dorsally as camouflage, and possess well-developed locomotory appendages as adaptations likely to avoid potential predators. On the contrary, the larvae ofNeopanorpaare euedaphic and are pale on their trunks, with shallow furrows, reduced antennae, shortened setae, flattened compound eyes on the head capsules, and short dorsal processes on the trunk. All these characters appear to be adaptations for the larvae to inhabit the soil. We suggest that habitat divergence has driven the morphological diversity between the epedaphic and euedaphic larvae, and may be partly responsible for the divergence of major clades within the Panorpidae.
Loss of CEACAM1 is associated with poor prognosis and peritoneal dissemination of patients with gastric cancer
Authors: Takeuchi Akihiro , Yokoyama Shozo , Nakamori Mikihito , Nakamura Masaki , Ojima Toshiyasu , Yamaguchi Shunsuke , Mitani Yasuyuki , Shively John E. , Yamaue Hiroki
Published: September 2019

CEACAM1 is associated with malignant potential of various cancers. The current study aims to clarify the association between carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule 1 (CEACAM1) expression and malignant potential of gastric cancer and to address whether CEACAM1 cytoplasmic domain isoform balance modulates the properties of gastric cancer cells. Immunohistochemical analyses for CEACAM1 were performed in 235 patients with gastric cancer who underwent surgery. Risk factors for overall survival and peritoneal metastasis were calculated based on CEACAM1 expression in the gastric cancer tissue. Patients with CEACAM1 long (CEACAM1-L) or short (CEACAM1-S) cytoplasmic isoform dominance were compared with patients with null CEACAM1 expression in terms of overall survival. CEACAM1 transfected or knockdown gastric cancer cell line, NUGC3 and MKN7 cells, were examined by invasion assay and three dimensional (3D) culture, in order to clarify whether CEACAM1 modulate invasion, lumen formation and tumor growth of gastric cancer cells. Multivariate analysis demonstrated that gastric cancer without CEACAM1 is an independent prognostic factor and a risk factor for peritoneal dissemination. Patients with CEACAM1-S dominance had better prognosis than those with CEACAM1-L. CEACAM1-4L overexpression induced less invasion, more lumen formation, and less tumor growth of NUGC3 cells. CEACAM1-4S overexpression had less invasion and more lumen formations, but not less tumor growth. Knockdown of CEACAM1 expression had less invasion, but not less lumen formations of MKN7 cells. Loss of CEACAM1 is associated with poor prognosis and peritoneal dissemination of patients with gastric cancer. Expression of CEACAM1 in gastric cancer cells modulates invasiveness, lumen formation, and tumor growth.
Social and non-social autism symptoms and trait domains are genetically dissociable
Authors: Warrier Varun , Toro Roberto , Won Hyejung , Leblond Claire S. , Cliquet Freddy , Delorme Richard , De Witte Ward , Bralten Janita , Chakrabarti Bhismadev , Børglum Anders D. , Grove Jakob , Poelmans Geert , Hinds David A. , Bourgeron Thomas , Baron-Cohen Simon
Published: September 2019

The core diagnostic criteria for autism comprise two symptom domains – social and communication difficulties, and unusually repetitive and restricted behaviour, interests and activities. There is some evidence to suggest that these two domains are dissociable, though this hypothesis has not yet been tested using molecular genetics. We test this using a genome-wide association study (N = 51,564) of a non-social trait related to autism, systemising, defined as the drive to analyse and build systems. We demonstrate that systemising is heritable and genetically correlated with autism. In contrast, we do not identify significant genetic correlations between social autistic traits and systemising. Supporting this, polygenic scores for systemising are significantly and positively associated with restricted and repetitive behaviour but not with social difficulties in autistic individuals. These findings strongly suggest that the two core domains of autism are genetically dissociable, and point at how to fractionate the genetics of autism.
Crystal growth of a novel and efficient Tl2HfCl6 scintillator with improved scintillation characteristics
Authors: Vuong Phan Quoc , Tyagi Mohit , Kim S. H. , Kim H. J.
Published: September 2019

Single crystals of a new promising material Tl2HfCl6 were successfully grown by using a modified vertical Bridgman furnace.
Comparison of two field-induced ErIII single ion magnets
Authors: Kühne Irina A. , Ungur Liviu , Esien Kane , Carter Anthony B. , Gordon John D. , Pauly Cameron , Müller-Bunz Helge , Felton Solveig , Zerulla Dominic , Morgan Grace G.
Published: September 2019

Herein we present the synthesis, and magnetic and photophysical properties of four mononuclear LnIII complexes, among which the two ErIII complexes 2 and 4 exhibit field-induced SIM behaviour that provides a new route towards air-stable erbium SIMs.
Insight into emission-tuning and luminescence thermal quenching investigations in NaLa1−xGdxCa4W2O12:Mn4+ phosphors via the ionic couple substitution of Na+ + Ln3+ (Ln = La, Gd) for 2Ca2+ in Ca6W2O12:Mn4+ for plant-cultivation LED applications
Authors: Li Kai , Van Deun Rik
Published: September 2019

Luminescence properties of a series of NaLa1−xGdxCa4W2O12 were investigated in detail.
Reduced graphene oxide-coated microfibers for oil–water separation
Authors: Ferrero Gianni , Sandgren Bock Mikael , Stenby Erling Halfdan , Hou Chengyi , Zhang Jingdong
Published: September 2019

Reduced graphene oxide (rGO)-coated microfibers demonstrating the efficient separation of oil–water mixtures and minimal release of rGO in the marine environment.
Ozone–UV net-zero water wash station for remote emergency response healthcare units: design, operation, and results
Authors: Gassie Lucien W. , Englehardt James D. , Brinkman Nichole E. , Garland Jay , Perera Mahamalage Kusumitha
Published: September 2019

A pilot ozone–UV net-zero greywater wash station was designed, built, and tested, providing a foundation for human contact greywater reuse.
Structural color printing with a dielectric layer coated on a nanotextured metal substrate: simulation and experiment
Authors: Seo Minseok , Lee Heungyeol , Kim Hohyeong , Lee Myeongkyu
Published: September 2019

Vivid structural colors are produced by texturing the surface of stainless steel and coating it with a dielectric layer.
Unveiling the interfacial electrochemiluminescence behavior of lead halide perovskite nanocrystals
Authors: Qiu Linghang , Lin Longhui , Huang Yipeng , Lai Zhiwei , Li Feiming , Wang Shuya , Lin Fangyuan , Li Jianfeng , Wang Yiru , Chen Xi
Published: September 2019

Herein, a three-phase heterostructure interface including glassy carbon, CsPbBr3 perovskite nanocrystals and acetonitrile is constructed for fully investigating the interfacial electrochemiluminescence (ECL) behavior of CsPbBr3 PNCs.
Panchromatic Ru(ii)-polypyridyl complexes as NIR emitters
Authors: Pal Amlan K. , Adusumalli Venkata Nanda Kishor Babu
Published: September 2019

Novel heteroleptic Ru(ii)-polypyridyl complexes were synthesised that exhibit panchromatic absorption up to 750 nm and 3MLCT NIR emission at λem > 830 nm.
A paper-based colorimetric assay for rapid detection of four macrolides in milk
Authors: Zeng Lu , Liu Liqiang , Kuang Hua , Cui Gang , Xu Chuanlai
Published: September 2019

A paper-based colorimetric immunoassay for rapid detection of four macrolides in milk.
Efficient electrocatalytic reduction of carbon dioxide by metal-doped β12-borophene monolayers
Authors: Liu Jin-Hang , Yang Li-Ming , Ganz Eric
Published: September 2019

These new TM–Bβ12 monolayers will display excellent catalytic performance for electroreduction of CO2. Primary reduction product of Sc is CO (overpotential 0.45 V). Primary product Ti–Zn is CH4, and Fe–Bβ12 has 0.45 V overpotential.
Recent advances in direct trifluoromethylation of olefinic C–H bonds
Authors: Yang Cao , Hassanpour Akbar , Ghorbanpour Khatereh , Abdolmohammadi Shahrzad , Vessally Esmail
Published: September 2019

The aim of this review is to provide a comprehensive overview of the direct trifluoromethylation of olefinic C–H bonds with special attention on the mechanistic aspects of the reactions.
Sustainable and efficient sugar production from wheat straw by pretreatment with biogas digestate
Authors: Momayez Forough , Karimi Keikhosro , Sárvári Horváth Ilona
Published: September 2019

The effect of wheat straw pretreatment with hot water and liquid fraction of biogas digestate was investigated.
Operandoelectrochemical study of charge carrier processes in water splitting photoanodes protected by atomic layer deposited TiO2
Authors: Cui Wei , Moehl Thomas , Siol Sebastian , Tilley S. David
Published: September 2019

Photoelectrochemical impedance spectroscopy and the dual-working-electrode technique enable the in-depth investigation on the charge carrier processes in ALD-TiO2protected photoanodes.
Cochlear Implant Quality of Life (CIQOL): Development of a Profile Instrument (CIQOL-35 Profile) and a Global Measure (CIQOL-10 Global)
Authors: McRackan Theodore R. , Hand Brittany N. ,   Cochlear Implant Quality of Life Development Consortium, Velozo Craig A. , Dubno Judy R.
Published: September 2019

Purpose

Valid, reliable, and efficient patient-reported outcome measures are needed to quantify quality of life (QOL) outcomes after cochlear implantation to supplement information obtained from performance-based outcomes. We previously developed the Cochlear Implant Quality of Life (CIQOL) item bank to serve as the source of items for subsequent instruments. This study reports the development and psychometric properties for 2 of these new instruments, the CIQOL-35 Profile and the CIQOL-10 Global.

Method

Cochlear implant (CI) users referred from the CIQOL Development Consortium (
n
= 371), consisting of 20 CI centers across the United States, provided responses to the 81-item CIQOL item bank, which are grouped into 6 QOL domains (communication, emotional, entertainment, environment, listening effort, and social). Responses to the 81 CIQOL items were analyzed using item response theory to determine individual item difficulty, discrimination, and model fit to select the set of items for the profile instrument and global measure that would optimize their measurement characteristics.

Results

The 35-item CIQOL-35 Profile instrument assesses outcomes represented in the 6 domains of the CIQOL final item pool. The 10-item CIQOL-10 Global measure produces a single, overall QOL score. After ensuring the upper and lower ends of the item difficulty continuum were represented (item difficulty range: −2.48 to 2.47), the items with the highest discrimination ability for each domain were selected for the CIQOL-35 Profile instrument (discrimination range: 0.67–1.37). Items were selected for the CIQOL-10 Global measure in a similar manner.

Conclusion

The CIQOL-35 Profile and CIQOL-10 Global instruments provide psychometrically sound and efficient measures that can be used to assess QOL in adult CI users in both clinical and research settings.

Supplemental Material

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.9745010
Antenna pairing for highly efficient wireless power transmission in the reactive near‐field region based on mutual coupled impedance compensation
Authors: Lin Ding‐Bing , Chou Hsi‐Tseng , Chou Jui‐Hung
Published: September 2019

This study presents the design of an antenna pair for short‐distance wireless power transmission (WPT) in the reactive near‐field (NF) region. Instead of designing each antenna alone to achieve good reflection coefficients, the transmitting (TX) and receiving (RX) antennas as a pair are designed to maximise the transmission coefficients. Thus, the antenna pair can mutually compensate the impedance mismatching caused by the coupling between them to enhance energy transfer efficiency. Based on this concept, the developed RX antenna, a key component of rectennas, has a dual functionality to retain relatively stable reflection coefficients when it is moved far away from the NF TX antenna, for example, to pair with other conventional far‐field WPT TX antennas with larger separation distances. The electromagnetic field and energy transfer characteristics, as well as system experiments, are presented to validate the design.
Sidelobe suppression for phase‐coded pulse by mainlobe windowing
Authors: Xu Jiacen , Ren Lixiang , Wang Haofei
Published: September 2019

Mismatched filter is an important technique to suppress the sidelobes of phase‐coded pulses. Here, the authors propose a mainlobe windowing procedure, by which a much lower sidelobe level can be obtained at a slightly signal‐to‐noise ratio loss. Based on this idea, they present two mismatched filter design procedures, namely an integrated sidelobe level (ISL) optimal filter and a peak sidelobe level (PSL) optimal filter. The ISL optimal filter can be obtained by a formula in closed form and the PSL optimal filter can be obtained by optimisation procedures. Simulation results are presented to verify the theory.
Kinder und Jugendliche von Eltern mit narzisstischer Persönlichkeitsstörung
Authors: Wiegand-Grefe Silke , Lenz Albert
Published: September 2019

Die Mehrzahl der Kinder narzisstisch gestörter Eltern ist vielfältigen und häufig chronischen Belastungen ausgesetzt. Kinder von Eltern mit einer
Persönlichkeitsstörung weisen im Vergleich zu Kindern von Eltern mit anderen psychischen Störungen die ungünstigsten Entwicklungsverläufe auf. Zurückgeführt
wird das erhöhte Risiko für die Kinder auf die häufig problematische Familienstruktur und auf gravierende Störungen in der Eltern-Kind-Interaktion.
Gibt es Narzissmus im Kindes- und Jugendalter und wie äußert er sich?
Authors: Lipp Michael , Karow Anne
Published: September 2019

Im Kindes- und Jugendalter sind Anlagen von Charaktereigenschaften erkennbar, die sich in der Adoleszenz weiter ausbilden. Narzisstischen
Persönlichkeitsmerkmalen kommt hier eine besondere Rolle zu, da sie die Beziehungsfähigkeit mitbestimmen. Es gibt Narzissmus im Kindes- und Jugendalter.
Dieser ist jedoch umsichtig zu bewerten, da er stabilisierende Eigenschaften in der Entwicklung einer vielschichtigen, gesunden Persönlichkeit haben
kann.
Fallbericht Zwangsgedanken und -handlungen mit einhergehender depressiver Symptomatik
Authors: Jahn Ina , Stengler Katarina , Berger Nadine , Schulz Linda , Kuhnen Sabine
Published: September 2019

Eine 34-jährige Patientin stellt sich Anfang 2019 in der Klinik für Psychiatrie, Psychosomatik und Psychotherapie in der Spezialsprechstunde für
Zwangserkrankungen im Rahmen des Erstgespräches und der Eingangsdiagnostik vor.
Ruthenium-Catalyzed, Microwave-Mediated [2+2+2] Cycloaddition: A Useful Combination for the Synthesis of 2-Aminopyridines
Authors: Tran C. , Haddad M. , Ratovelomanana-Vidal V.
Published: September 2019

A ruthenium-catalyzed [2+2+2] cycloaddition between α,ω-diynes and cyanamides is reported under microwave irradiation to access 2-aminopyridines. In contrast to the classical thermal conditions, this atom-economical sustainable protocol allows access to diverse functionalized 2-aminopyridine derivatives with high yields and excellent regioselectivities in MeTHF with short reaction times.
A Simplified Digital Workflow for the Treatment of Pediatric Mandibular Fractures Using Three-Dimensional (3D) Printed Cap Splint: A Case Report
Authors: Chakravarthy Chitra , Gupta Nitish Chandra , Patil Ravi
Published: September 2019

Pediatric mandibular fracture needs special consideration by clinicians. The management of pediatric mandibular fracture differs from that in adults considering the presence of tooth germs and the potential for mandibular growth. One of the most common forms of conservative management for pediatric mandibular fractures is the use of cap splint along with circummandibular wiring. The conventional workflow prior to performing surgery with this technique is impression taking and dental model fabrication. Additionally, it is also recommended that mock surgery should be performed to achieve proper reduction before acrylic splint fabrication. However, these procedures are effortful and time consuming when performed under general anesthesia during surgery and require additional sedation if performed prior to surgery. The aim of this case report is to describe a simpler preoperative digital workflow for the treatment of pediatric mandibular fractures, in which closed reduction is achieved with a three-dimensional printed cap splint stabilized with circummandibular wiring under general anesthesia.
Outbreak of Human Parainfluenza Virus Type 1 in a Kindergarten from China, 2018
Authors: Li Hong-Jun , Du Juan , Yang Yan-Na , Cui Yan , Xi Lu , Wang Shuai , Liu Ya-Qiong , Zhang Guo-Feng , Cui Fuqiang , Lu Qing-Bin
Published: September 2019

Objective We reported an outbreak of human parainfluenza virus type 1 (HPIV1) in a kindergarten and explored the genetic characteristics of HPIV1 hemagglutinin-neuraminidase (HN) and fusion (F) genes to provide more evidence about HPIV1 outbreaks.

Methods Suspected cases were the children with an influenza-like illness during June 20 to 26, 2018. Nasopharyngeal swabs were collected and screened to determine the presence of respiratory pathogens by real-time fluorescent quantitative polymerase chain reaction. The HN and F gene sequences of HPIV-positive samples were further amplified and sequenced to confirm the HPIV genotype and identify genetic characteristics. A phylogenetic tree, based on the HN and F genes, was reconstructed by maximum likelihood method.

Results Fourteen children in the outbreak were diagnosed as upper respiratory tract infection. The most common symptom was cough (10/14), followed by rhinorrhea (5/14), sore throat (4/14), headache (1/14), and abdominal pain (1/14). Eight patients were positive for HPIV1 and negative for other pathogens. Phylogenetic tree demonstrated that the eight strains from the year 2018 in our study located in the clade 2.3. Two specific substitutions (N333S and I509M) in the amino acids of the F protein and two substitutions (V19A and L436I) in the HN protein were different from other strains in the clade 2.

Conclusion HPIV1 was attributed to the outbreak, which may be related to the genetic variations of HPIV1.
Anti-Factor XII Autoantibodies in Patients with Recurrent Pregnancy Loss Recognize the Second Epidermal Growth Factor–Like Domain
Authors: Sato Yoshihiro , Sugi Toshitaka , Sakai Rie
Published: September 2019

Background Factor XII (FXII) deficiency and autoantibodies that bind to FXII (anti-FXII) have been described in patients with adverse pregnancy outcomes, including recurrent pregnancy loss. It has been reported that FXII functions not only as a coagulation protein but also as a growth factor.

Objectives We studied the association between anti-FXII and the epidermal growth factor (EGF) system in patients with recurrent pregnancy loss.

Patients/Methods We used synthetic peptides that span the second EGF-like domain in the heavy chain of FXII (EGF2) in inhibition and direct binding studies to determine if anti-FXII antibodies recognize EGF2. Furthermore, we examined whether anti-FXII antibodies, which recognize EGF2, also recognize recombinant EGF and heparin-binding EGF-like growth factor (HB-EGF).

Results Among 100 patients with recurrent pregnancy loss, the plasma of 23 patients (23.0%) recognized the synthetic peptide ASQ41, which covers EGF2. Among the 23 anti-ASQ41-positive patients, plasma samples from 13 patients (56.5%) recognized the 22-residue segment C-terminal half of ASQ41. Among the 23 anti-ASQ41-positive patients, the plasma of 17 patients (73.9%) recognized recombinant human EGF. Affinity-purified anti-FXII antibodies, which recognize ASQ41, also recognized recombinant EGF family proteins such as EGF and HB-EGF.

Conclusions The autoantibodies in patients with recurrent pregnancy loss recognized the EGF2 domain in FXII and other proteins of the EGF family. Since proteins in the EGF family play an important role in normal pregnancy, autoantibody-associated disruption of the EGF system may cause pregnancy loss.
Ependymoma with Intraorbital Extracerebral Recurrence: Case Report
Authors: Macêdo Lívio Pereira de , Vale Benjamim Pessoa , Araújo Marx Lima de Barros , Vale João Cícero Lima , Ferreira Yally Dayanne Oliveira , Araújo Suelen Maria Silva de
Published: September 2019

Ependymomas are rare neuroepithelial tumors that originate from a type of glial cell called ependymal cell. In general, they correspond to ∼ 1.2 to 7.8% of all intracranial neoplasms, and to ∼ 2 to 6% of all gliomas. Although it corresponds only to ∼2 to 3% of all primary brain tumors, ependymoma is the fourth most common cerebral neoplasm in children, especially in children younger than 3 years of age.1
2 In patients younger than 20 years of age, the majority (90%) of ependymomas are infratentorial, more precisely from the IV ventricle. In spite of this, in adults, medullary ependymomas are more frequent (60%). In this context, supratentorial and extraventricular ependymomas, as in the case reported in the present article, are infrequent in both adults and children.1
2 Both sexes are equally affected.3 Recurrence of intracranial ependymomas occurs in almost 50% of the cases, and the follow-up outcome is not favorable.4 In another perspective, the recurrence of extracerebral ependymomas is extremely rare, and even more unusual in the intraorbital site, as it occurred in the case in question.
Combining large-scale screening and machine learning to predict the metal-organic frameworks for organosulfurs removal from high-sour natural gas
Authors: Liang Hong , Yang Wenyuan , Peng Feng , Liu Zili , Liu Jie , Qiao Zhiwei
Published: September 2019

High-sour natural gas usually contains organosulfurs besides H2S, the majority of which exist in the form of mercaptans. These impurities of organosulfurs are required to be removed efficiently and economically for commercial application and the environment. In this work, the adsorption performance of organic sulfur gases [methanethiol (MeSH) and ethanethiol (EtSH)] in 137 953 hypothetical metal-organic frameworks (hMOFs) and 4764 computation-ready experimental MOFs (CoRE-MOFs) were evaluated by a high throughput computational screening technique. The highest adsorption capacities are predicted to be approximately 700 and 980 mg/g for MeSH and EtSH, respectively, which is substantially higher than that in zeolites (∼100 mg/g). Quantitative structure-performance relationships are established between adsorption capacities and MOF textural/energetic properties (including the largest cavity diameter, surface area, void fraction, and isosteric heat). Two machine learning techniques, the back propagation neural network (BPNN) and the partial least-square (PLS) methods, are applied to predict 4764 CoRE-MOFs after training all the data of hMOFs from the large-scale screening. Compared with PLS, BPNN shows better prediction accuracy for MeSH and EtSH, and finds that the isosteric heat among seven MOF features possesses the highest weight for the adsorption of organosulfurs. Finally, the best 8 MOFs are identified for the removal of gaseous organosulfurs from the high-sour natural gas in a variety of industrial situations.
Characterization of high-explosive detonations using broadband infrared external cavity quantum cascade laser absorption spectroscopy
Authors: Phillips Mark C. , Bernacki Bruce E. , Harilal Sivanandan S. , Brumfield Brian E. , Schwallier Joel M. , Glumac Nick G.
Published: September 2019

Infrared laser absorption spectroscopy provides a powerful tool for probing physical and chemical properties of high-explosive detonations. A broadly tunable swept-wavelength external cavity quantum cascade laser operating in the mid-wave infrared (MWIR) spectral region is used to measure transmission through explosive fireballs generated from 14 g charges of 4 different explosive types detonated in an enclosed chamber. Analysis of time-resolved transmission and emission at a 2 μs sampling rate shows the evolution of fireball infrared opacity in the first 10 ms after detonation. Broadband high-resolution absorption spectra acquired over the spectral range of 2050–2300 cm−1 (4.35–4.88 μm) at a 100 Hz rate are used to measure properties of fireball evolution over longer time scales out to 100 s. Path-integrated concentrations of combustion products CO, CO2, H2O, and N2O are measured and show evolutions over multiple time scales and significant differences between explosive types. Spectral analysis is used to characterize gas temperature and to measure broadband attenuation from absorption and scattering of particulates. Analysis of the results provides information on the MWIR optical properties, gaseous detonation/combustion products, and particulates throughout the explosive process including initial detonation, fireball expansion and cooling, and diffusive mixing in the chamber.
Radiation-induced conductivity in polymers under pulsed and long-time small-signal irradiations combined to determine their step-function response
Authors: Tyutnev Andrey , Saenko Vladimir , Ikhsanov Renat , Krouk Evgenii
Published: September 2019

We have investigated radiation-induced conductivity (RIC) in several low mobility common polymers as well as two with excellent charge transport characteristics. Irradiations were pulsed and continuous with constant dose rates from microseconds to seconds. Experiments were done in the small-signal mode at a relatively high electric field. To interpret the results, we performed numerical calculations based on the conventional as well as the modified Rose-Fowler-Vaisberg (RFV) models. Also, to accommodate the time-of-flight and deep trapping effects, we used an analytic formula describing strongly nonequilibrium dispersive transport at high electric fields in the presence of deep trapping. As a result, several long-standing RIC issues have been resolved. A crucial role of pulsed irradiations for polymer parameterization in terms of the RFV model has been demonstrated.
Atomistic simulations of tungsten nanotubes under uniform tensile loading
Authors: Trusty Travis , Xu Shuozhi , Beyerlein Irene J.
Published: September 2019

Metallic nanotubes (NTs) have gained much attention in recent years due to their exciting potential to be just as strong or even stronger than their heavier counterparts, nanowires (NWs), with the same outer radius. Unlike NWs, NTs have inner wall diameter and wall thickness parameters that can be engineered to provide advantage in structural materials design. In this work, molecular dynamics is used to quantify the combined effects of NT specific dimensions, outer radius and wall thickness, on the tensile strength of single crystalline tungsten NTs at room temperature. Uniaxial tensile simulations are carried out for three different crystallographic orientations along the NT axis—two known as brittle orientations and one as ductile orientation. For these three orientations, the strength of NTs can be made higher than NWs, for the same outer radius, as the wall thickness decreases. The calculations indicate that even for the brittle orientations, NTs can be engineered to be more ductile by tuning the outer radius and the wall thickness.
Electronic structure of BxGa1−xAs alloys using hybrid functionals
Authors: Gulyas Istvan , Kudrawiec Robert , Wistey Mark A.
Published: September 2019

We present electronic band structure calculations of BxGa1−xAs alloys over the full composition range using HSE06 hybrid functionals. We find that at low boron percentages, the direct bandgap decreases slightly and then increases toward the large minimum direct gap of BAs as more boron is added. Our results show that the effect of isolated boron atoms on the bandgap is small (<5%) at concentrations below 13%. We estimate that BGaAs transitions from the direct to indirect bandgap at around 18% boron content. We calculate the electron effective masses in the direct bandgap region and investigate the effect of B-B pairs in nearest-neighbor group III sites on the bandgap, conduction band dispersion, and total free energy. We find that the lattice constant of BGaAs follows Vegard's law and estimate that the boron concentration required to lattice match BGaAs to silicon is outside the direct gap regime.
Novel inorganic materials generated by aliovalent anion substitution
Authors: Roy Anand , Rao C. N. R.
Published: September 2019

Substitution of cations, as well as anions, in inorganic materials to change the structure and properties is generally carried out with ions of the same valency (e.g., S2− for O2− or Se2− for S2−). Such substitution does not give rise to marked changes in the properties. However, substitution with isoelectronic aliovalent anions (e.g., N3− for O2−) brings about a significant change in the electronic structure and properties, but this is associated with the creation of anion vacancies. It is, therefore, found fruitful to substitute two aliovalent anions (e.g., N3− and F− for O2−) to change the electronic structure and properties and also to avoid the anion vacancies. In this article, we discuss the effect of partial aliovalent anion substitution in metal oxides and metal sulfides. More importantly, we discuss the synthesis of materials where the oxide ion is fully substituted by the nitride (N3−) and fluoride (F−) ions as in the Zn2NF and TiNF. We also discuss the substitution of sulfide ion (S2−) by isoelectronic phosphide (P3−) and chloride (Cl−) ions. Results of recent studies on the synthesis and properties of cadmium phosphohalides of various compositions are discussed.