bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Assocations of Common Mental Disorder Severity With Treatment Contact and Treatment Intensity, and Its Changes Over Twelve Years
Authors: Nuyen Jasper , Dorsselaer Saskia van , Tuithof Marloes , Luik Annemarie , Kroon Hans , Have Margreet ten
Published: May 2024

Purpose. To guide formal healthcare resource allocation for common mental disorders (CMDs), this study updates and expands earlier findings on the associations of CMD severity with treatment contact and treatment intensity. Methods. Baseline data (2019–2022) of NEMESIS-3, a prospective study of a representative cohort of Dutch adults (18–75 years), were used. Severity of 12-month CMDs was assessed with the CIDI 3.0. Using multivariate analyses, its associations with 12-month treatment contact and treatment intensity for emotional/substance-use problems were examined, both for general medical care (GMC) only and mental health care (MHC). Changes over time were identified by making comparisons with baseline data (2007–2009) of NEMESIS-2. Results. Persons with severe CMDs were more likely to have made contact with GMC only or MHC compared to persons without CMDs. Between 2007–2009 and 2019–2022 the contact rate with GMC only increased stronger for moderate cases, while the increasing contact rate with MHC did not differ across CMD severity levels. Both among users of GMC only and MHC, severe cases had a higher likelihood of receiving treatment of the highest intensity level compared to persons without CMDs. Between 2007–2009 and 2019–2022 the rate of highest treatment intensity increased stronger for severe cases using GMC only, while a trend towards a stronger decrease in this rate was found for severe cases using MHC. Conclusion. Evidence was found that treatment of CMDs in GMC has been strengthened in the past twelve years. No indications were found that allocation of MHC resources to severe cases has improved. Word count abstract: 250
Study of risk factors for acute coronary syndrome in young people
Authors: Hamdan Diaa Yahya , Alarbid Talal Haitham , Ali Diaa Haj , Nabulsi Ahmad
Published: May 2024

Background
Acute coronary syndrome is a condition in which there is a lack of blood supply and oxygen to the heart muscle, due to blockage or narrowing of the coronary arteries, which leads to a mismatch between the supply and demand of oxygen.
Acute coronary syndrome (ACS) refers to a group of conditions that include ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI), non-ST elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI), and unstable angina. It is a type of coronary heart disease (CHD), which is responsible for one-third of total deaths in people older than 35.
Research Materials and Methods
A retrospective cohort study (COHORT) was conducted On a random group of patients from January 2018 to January 2023. The research approval (CV 8093) was given by the Ethics Committee of the Faculty of Medicine, Damascus University, Syria.
Results
The sample included 250 patients, of which 20 were excluded, leaving us with 230 cases on which research and statistics were conducted. 19.1% were females and 80.9% were males. Participants are classified into three groups, with the age group (36 – 40) years representing the majority 71.7%.
Patients with coronary disease were divided into 3 categories according to the disease type. Research and statistics showed that 60.9% of them presented with unstable angina.
The results showed that the largest percentage of patients suffering from unstable angina were from the age group 36-40 years, at a rate of 63.6%, and the relationship was statistically significant (p-value=0.01).
Conclusion
It is necessary to hold medical seminars on coronary heart diseaseand explain the difference between its types.
Gene Regulatory Network topology mediates the role of diffusible components in cellular patterns: the root epidermis of Arabidopsis thaliana as a study system
Authors: Álvarez-Buylla Elena R , Castillo-Jiménez Aaron , Arroyo Adriana Garay , Sánchez María de la Paz , García.Ponce Berenice , Martinez-Garcia Juan Carlos
Published: May 2024

The differentiation of two cell types in the root epidermis of Arabidopsis thaliana-atrichoblasts, which give rise to hair cells, and atrichoblasts, which do not develop into hair cells-is orchestrated by a complex regulatory network of transcription factors and hormones. These elements synchronize spatially and temporally to create a characteristic interspersed pattern of hair and non-hair cells. Previous models have established a minimal regulatory network that captures the wild-type (WT) phenotype and some mutants, yet these models often fail to account for most mutant phenotypes, thereby limiting their predictive scope. In this study, we introduce an enhanced model, a diffusion-coupled regulatory genetic network, or meta-GRN, which extends our research group's previously published work. This model aims to describe the organizational patterns of the root epidermis more accurately. It successfully recovers, fully or partially, the phenotypes of loss-of-function mutants related to the identity regulators of epidermal cell types included within the model. Moreover, this expanded model quantitatively describes the distribution of trichoblasts and atrichoblasts relative to cortex cells, facilitating comparisons of cell type proportions at various positions against those reported in analyzed mutants. Crucially, the model highlights the role of diffusion processes in the lateral inhibition mechanism that governs network dynamics, underscoring their pivotal role in pattern formation in both the WT phenotype and various mutants.
Research on evaluation index of road base grouting quality based on GPR image recognition method
Authors: Chen Deqiang , Lu Changheng , Chang Zhenchao , Jiang Hongliang , Li Zhiyuan
Published: May 2024

This paper presents a case study on a road base grouting project, utilizing 3-D Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) technology to obtain plane amplitude gray maps before and after grouting at different depths of the road base. Statistical analysis was conducted by extracting gray values from these maps using image recognition technology. The study yielded the following conclusions: Firstly, a comparison of 80 sets of gray maps revealed a higher level of uniformity in the maps after grouting, indicating the effective reinforcement of the road base through the grouting process. Secondly, the normal distribution curves plotted using the extracted gray values showed that the curve after grouting had a smoother shape and a lower peak value compared to the curve before grouting. Finally, while there was no significant correlation between the expected value and grouting quality, the standard deviation exhibited a significant correlation. Therefore, it is recommended to assess grouting quality qualitatively through the examination of the normal distribution curve and quantitatively by considering the standard deviation. These findings provide valuable insights for evaluating grouting quality in similar projects, contributing to the improvement of road construction and maintenance practices.
Degradability and remineralization of peat-derived terrestrial dissolved organic carbon in the Sunda Shelf Sea
Authors: Chen Yuan , Müller Moritz , Cobb Alexander R. , Sukri Rahayu Sukmaria , Zinke Jens , Nagarajan R. , Sharveen R. , Ali Abdulmajid Muhammad , Martin Patrick
Published: May 2024

The remineralization of terrestrial dissolved organic carbon (tDOC) plays an important role in coastal carbon and nutrient cycling, and can affect primary productivity and seawater pH. However, the fate of tDOC in the ocean remains poorly understood. Southeast Asia’s Sunda Shelf Sea receives around 10% of global tDOC input from peatland-draining rivers. Here, we performed photodegradation and long-term (2 months to 1.5 years) biodegradation experiments with samples from peatland-draining rivers and from peat tDOC-rich coastal water. We used the resulting photochemical and microbial decay rates to parameterize a 1-dimensional model simulation. This indicates that 24% and 23% of the initial tDOC entering the Sunda Shelf can be remineralized from pure photo- and pure biodegradation, respectively, after 2 years (which represents an upper limit of seawater residence time on the Sunda Shelf). We also show for the first time that the biodegradation rate of Southeast Asian peat tDOC is enhanced by prior photodegradation. Accounting for this additional photo-influenced biodegradation in our model simulation causes an additional 16% of the initial tDOC remineralized. Our results suggest a notably higher contribution of photodegradation compared to other ocean margins, due to the combination of low pure biodegradation rate, high solar irradiance, relatively long water residence time on the Sunda Shelf, and the photo-enhancement of the biodegradation rate.
Stages of Change-Based Nursing Interventions for Compliance, Anemia, Cardiac Function and Inflammatory Factors in CKD Patients Undergoing Hemodialysis
Authors: Wan Deheng , Sun Jiakang , Guo Fei , Wang Yan
Published: May 2024

Objective
To investigate the effect of stages of change-based nursing interventions on compliance, anemia, cardiac function and inflammatory factors in CKD patients undergoing hemodialysis.
Methods
One hundred CKD patients admitted to our hospital from January 2023 to December 2023 were recruited and divided into two groups by random number table method: the control group (n = 50) and the observation group (n = 50). Patients in the control group underwent conventional nursing interventions, while those in the observation group underwent stages of change-based nursing interventions. The treatment compliance, anemia, cardiac function and inflammatory factor levels were compared between the two groups.
Results
The treatment compliance in the observation group was higher than that in the control group (P < 0.05), and the levels of Hb, Alb and Hct after intervention were higher than those in the control group (P < 0.05). After the interventions, the CI, SV and LVEF of the observation group were higher than those of the control group (P < 0.05), and the levels of C-reactive protein (CRP), procalcitonin (PCT) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) were lower than those of the control group (P < 0.05).
Conclusion
Stages of change-based nursing interventions are associated with various benefits in the treatment of CKD patients undergoing hemodialysis, such as enhancing their treatment compliance, improving anemia symptoms, enhancing cardiac function, and decreasing inflammatory factor levels.
Substance Use Recovery Needs among College Students Seeking Recovery Services: A Thematic Qualitative Analysis
Authors: Nichols Lindsey M. , Brown Tiffany B. , Allmendinger Angela , Hennessy Emily A. , Tanner-Smith Emily E.
Published: May 2024

Background
College students who are in recovery from substance use disorders face challenges related to abstaining from substance use, finding supportive social networks, and achieving their academic goals. These students may therefore need various recovery supports at their institutions to meet their needs and goals.
Methods
This study analyzed previously collected data to explore themes related to students’ experiences of recovery, including their recovery needs and challenges while also attending college. We conducted qualitative thematic analysis of data from 92 college students (48% female; M age = 21.5 years, SD = 5.6) who participated in a larger parent study of students attending Collegiate Recovery Programs in the United States. We used a phenomenological approach to guide the current study, to characterize the meaning and experience within the shared phenomenon of recovery processes among college students.
Results
Two categories emerged, and within each category, nine total themes were coded: a) intrapersonal factors: recovery-related challenges, self-care and coping, mental and behavioral health, life challenges, internal motivations, and personal attributes; and b) interpersonal/social factors: 12-step, external supports and community, college environment, and relationships.
Conclusions
Findings offer insight into barriers and facilitators to recovery among colleges students and are discussed in terms of their implications for primary stakeholders at institutions of higher education to support college students in substance use recovery.
Making Patterned Single Defects in MoS2 Thermally with the MoS2/Au Moiré Interface
Authors: LIU Lei , Bao Yang , Xu Hai , Yan Jiaxu , Jing Peng , Xu Ji-Lian , Zhan Da , Shen Dezhen
Published: May 2024

Normally, it is hard to regulate thermal defects precisely in their host lattice, due to stochastic nature of thermal activation. Here, we demonstrate a thermal annealing way to create patterned single sulfur vacancy (VS) defects in monolayer MoS2 with about 2 nanometer separations at sub-nanometer accuracy. Theoretically we revealed that the S-Au interface coupling reduces the energy barriers in forming VS defects and that explains the overwhelming formation of interface VS defects. We also discovered a phonon regulation by the moiré interface that effectively condenses the Γ-point out-of-plane acoustic phonons of monolayer MoS2 to its TOP moiré sites, which has been proposed to trigger the moiré-patterned thermal VS formation. The high-throughput nanoscale patterned defects presented here may pave the way towards building scalable defect-based quantum systems.
Influence Smartphones addiction on mental health and sleep quality among medical students in Sudan amids armed conflict :A cross sectional study.
Authors: Jaber Mohammed Hammad
Published: May 2024

Background:
Smartphone use has rapidly increased worldwide. It was estimated that worldwide use of smartphones surpassed 1 billion in 2012, which means that 1 out of 7 people use smartphones. Mobile phones have become an unavoidable part of the youth's lives and are attractive and very handy technological appliances, competent to disseminate a lot of information at their fingertips. They also include features like internet access, multimedia, and GPS navigation, in addition to their use for communication. We aimed to assess the influence of smartphone addiction on mental health and sleep quality among medical students in Sudan.
Methods:
This cross-sectional survey focused on Sudanese medical students, living inside or outside the country, who tend to be addicted to smartphones during the conflict period. The questionnaire covered various domains, including sociodemographic data, the Suboptimal Health Status questionnaire, the sleep condition indicator, the smartphone addiction scale, and depression, anxiety, and stress scales during the conflict. Data analysis was performed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences software version 26.
Results:
A total of 1704 questionnaires were collected. Of all participants, 1176 (69.0%) were female and 528 (31.0%) were male. The mean age of the participants was 491. Age was classified: as less than 18 (40, 2.3%), 19–21 years (368, 21.6%), and more than 21 years (1296, 76.1%). More than half of the respondents (1048, 61.5%) had a low suboptimal health status questionnaire prevalence, while 656 (38.5%) had a high prevalence. 336 (31.5%) of the participants had a low rate of sleep condition indicator prevalence, while 1168 (68.5%) had a high rate according to the prevalence rate.
Conclusion:
In conclusion, our study sheds light on the significant prevalence of smartphone addiction among medical students in Sudan, with 67.6% of participants exhibiting high levels of addiction. This addiction has profound health implications, particularly in terms of negatively impacting sleep patterns. The findings underscore the need for tailored interventions and awareness programs targeting smartphone addiction, considering demographic factors such as age, gender, and marital status. Additionally, our study emphasizes the importance of further research to explore contextual factors contributing to smartphone addiction among medical students and to develop effective strategies for intervention and prevention.
Escaping fronts in local quenches of a confining spin chain
Authors: Krasznai Anna , Takács Gábor
Published: May 2024

We consider local quenches from initial states generated by a single spin-flip in either the true or the false vacuum state of the confining quantum Ising spin chain in the ferromagnetic regime. Contrary to global quenches, where the light-cone behaviour is strongly suppressed, we find a significant light-cone signal propagating with a nonzero velocity besides the expected localised oscillating component. Combining an analytic representation of the initial state with a numerical description of the relevant excitations using the two-fermion approximation, we can construct the spectrum of post-quench excitations and their overlaps with the initial state, identifying the underlying mechanism. For confining quenches built upon the true vacuum, the propagating signal consists of superpositions of left and right-moving mesons escaping confinement. In contrast, for anti-confining quenches built upon the false vacuum it is composed of superpositions of left and right-moving bubbles which escape Wannier-Stark localisation.
Minimum viable product “Ailey Robot Improves Verbal Skills” for the development of preschool children
Authors: Tuktarova M. P. , Bragina V. V. , Li D. A.
Published: May 2024

This paper specifically examines MVP “Ailey Robot Improves Verbal Skills” as a tool for preschool aged children’s verbal skills development. Initial project aims to develop competent verbal skills as an aid tool for simple verbal correction in native (Russian) language and the associative object thinking improvement for children aged 3 years old, as well as is objected to increase the vocabulary of older children (up to seven aged ones). One of most significant activities for preschoolers is a role-playing game with a plot helping children to orient in social relations and estimate human activity’ values and motives through the acceptance of a certain role. With technological development, online platforms and applications are becoming the most accessible and increasingly popular method of teaching children from 3 to 7 years old. The content of thematic levels in the application covers various areas of daily life, which helps the child develop important situational and social skills, while the game format increases internal motivation to learn. The “Ailey Robot Improves Verbal Skills” service uses artificial intelligence models to create an exciting and effective learning environment for children and serves as an informative auxiliary tool for parents and speech specialists. In this paper we aimed to review this online application’s main features, analyze its performance, and identify its pros & cons.
Assessing the Quality of Wheat Flour Blended with Cassava Starch Using a Handheld NIR Spectrophotometer and Chemometrics
Authors: Candeias Dâmaris , de Barros Sara Regina , Lyra Wellington , Fernandes David Douglas , Diniz Paulo Henrique
Published: May 2024

This work developed an effective and eco-friendly analytical method to support quality control for Brazilian Bill proposal No. 5332/2009. The bill advocates the creation of the “Brazilian bread” by mandating the incorporation of cassava byproducts into wheat flour, with the aim of reducing Brazil’s external dependency on wheat imports and promoting domestic cassava family farming. For this, a handheld near-infrared (NIR) spectrophotometer was utilized for on-site determination of cassava starch in commercial wheat flour. The quantitative analysis, which utilized NIR spectra preprocessed with offset correction (OFF) combined with linear baseline correction (LBC), alongside the successive projections algorithm for interval selection in partial least squares (iSPA-PLS), exhibited superior predictive capability, achieving a relative error of prediction below 8%. Furthermore, the classification process, which involved NIR spectra pre-processed with LBC and iSPA-PLS for discriminant analysis (iSPA-PLS-DA), yielded an impressive 94% overall accuracy, with only 3 misclassifications in the test set.
A guerra dos “imbroxáveis” contra a boneca de plástico: a vertente mais reacionária do bolsonarismo?
Authors: Finguerut Ariel , De Oliveira Vieira Fernando
Published: May 2024

A proposta do artigo é apresentar um estudo de caso feito com youtubers e outros influencers virtuais docampo da “machosfera”, transitando entre alguns pastores que defendem a volta à concepção de homemprovedor, chefe de família, dos conquistadores – predadores e dos que desprezam as mulheres –, tendocomo recorte o período de 2018 a 2023. Além disso, discute-se também a relação dos grupos masculinistascom as vertentes contemporâneas da “nova direita” e suas implicações com a conjuntura atual no Brasil apartir da ascensão de agrupamentos de extrema direita e sua relação com a violência política e ataques agrupos específicos no Brasil, tais como mulheres, pessoas LGBTI+. Por fim, aponta-se para a hipótese dosgrupos masculinistas brasileiros serem componentes dessa vertente política.
Feline Leishmaniasis: Evidence-based Treatments and Challenges to be Solved
Authors: de Jesus Sousa Caroline , Ferreira Batista Joilson , Figueredo Brito Amanda Karoliny , Castelo Branco Barros Nathália , Santiago Carvalho de Oliveira Simone , Branquinha Marta Helena , Pires e Cruz Maria do Socorro , Lopes de Mendonça Ivete , Souza dos Santos André Luis
Published: May 2024

Leishmaniasis is a neglected tropical disease caused by protozoa parasites
from the Leishmania genus. Vertebrate hosts acquire the infection through the bite of a
female sandfly, initiating a complex parasite development cycle. Contrary to previous beliefs
regarding cats’ resistance, these animals have recently been identified as potential
reservoirs for leishmaniasis. Clinical symptoms in cats can manifest in diverse forms, including
cutaneous, mucocutaneous, and visceral manifestations. The diagnosis of feline
leishmaniasis is complicated by nonspecific symptoms and the relatively lower specificity
of serological tests. The recommended treatment for feline leishmaniasis involves the
administration of medications; however, success varies in each cat. This review aims to
present cases of feline leishmaniasis, highlighting clinical symptoms, diagnostic methods,
therapy schedules, and outcomes. Among the 24 cases documented in the available
literature, 12 achieved successful treatment without relapses, resulting in a reduced parasite
load and improved symptoms. Three cases responded well but presented persistent
sequelae. Two feline leishmaniasis cases initially had treatment success but later experienced
recurrences. Finally, no response was observed in seven cases, leading to the euthanasia
of cats due to ineffectiveness or irregularities along the therapy. Conventional
treatments, despite potential hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity, exhibit a high efficacy in
reducing parasitic load, thereby improving clinical symptoms and increasing the life expectancy
of affected cats. Nevertheless, consistent adherence is crucial, as interruptions
may render the therapy ineffective and contribute to parasite resistance. Therefore, addressing
the challenges associated with feline leishmaniasis treatment necessitates the development
of new strategies to ensure a more effective and sustained approach.
Ultrasound-assisted Synthesis of β-(N-arylamino)acrylates Derivatives, Key Intermediates of Biopotent Compounds
Authors: de Oliveira Costa Gabriel , Facchinetti Victor , Fernandes Gabriel Oliveira Guimarães , Mol Pimentel Alexandra Mitidieri Bastos , Gomes Claudia Regina Brandão , Wardell James Lewis , Veloso Wardell Solange Maria Silva , De Souza Marcus Vinicius Nora
Published: May 2024

β-(N-arylamino)acrylates are building blocks of great industrial interest as they allow the
obtention of a variety of heterocyclic substances, such as quinoline and pyridone derivatives.
Therefore, the development of new methodologies for the synthesis of these substances is still of
interest. In this work, fourteen β-(N-arylamino)acrylates were synthesized in a multigram scale from
the reaction of mono- and di-substituted anilines with diethyl ethoxymethylenemalonate by
sonochemistry (US) and the results compared to those obtained by conventional heating. The use of
the US brought many benefits to these syntheses, including faster reactions and increased yields. The
crystal structure of diethyl 2-(((2-chloro-5-nitrophenyl)amino)methylene)malonate is also reported.
Improving the Photoelectrochemical Response of Pure TiO2 Nanotube
Array by Changing Anodization Voltage in Preparation Process
Authors: Chen Shaogao , Xu Ruanchi , Xia Zhao , Zheng Xingwen , Si Yujun
Published: May 2024

Introduction:

Enhancing the photoelectrochemical response of TiO2 nanotube arrays
(TNA) is crucial to improve the efficiency of solar energy utilization. In this work, TNA was
prepared electrochemically by anodization at single voltages of 20 V, 30 V and 40 V as well as a
special two-step voltage of 30 V-20 V, 30 V-40 V, respectively. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and
scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were used to characterize the morphology and crystalline
structure of the sample.

Methods:

The photoelectrochemical response was measured by electrochemical potentiostatic
technique. The results show TNA evenly aligns with increasing the anodization voltage.

Results:

However, there is TiO2 that does not form TNA and is dispersed as fragments on TNA
surface at a higher voltage, which adversely affects TNA’s photoelectrochemical properties.

Conclusion:

During the process of anodization, the oxidation current changes due to the switch
in voltage. A two-step voltage method enhances pure TNA's photoelectrochemical response to
visible light.
Ethosome: An Innovative Perspective of Drug Delivery
Authors: Santosh Lohakare Nilam , Gulabrao Bhamare Dr. Vaibhav , Dadaji Chavan Nikhil , Dnyaneshwar Shelar Shruti , Dattatray Mahajan Harshal , Devidas Amrutkar Dr. Rakesh
Published: May 2024

Ethosome offers a unique solution to the challenges faced by conventional drug delivery
systems. In comparison to traditional liposomes and other nanocarriers, ethosomes exhibit a unique
ability to improve drug absorption, overcoming a major limitation in the Transdermal Drug Delivery
System. Their soft and flexible nano-vesicular structure facilitates faster permeation, resulting in
significantly higher transdermal flux. This scientific investigation effectively traverses the changing
landscape of ethosomes as an innovative drug delivery system. By conducting a thorough comparative
analysis, we uncover the distinct characteristics that set them apart from other nanocarriers, offering
insights into their distinct advantages. The study also includes a detailed analysis of the variables
that have a complex impact on performance, elucidating transport mechanisms and addressing
advanced facets pivotal for refined drug delivery strategies. This comprehensive overview highlights
ethosomes as a future of medicine, offering a promising future for the safe and effective treatment of
diverse diseases, impacting numerous lives.
Current Perspectives on Extensive Applications of Nanocochleates-based
Drug Delivery
Authors: Bhosale Rohit R. , Chavan Dhanashri D. , Janugade Bhagyesh U.
Published: May 2024

Enhancing therapeutic efficacy stands as a pivotal concern across various medical conditions.
Traditional therapeutic approaches have encountered limitations in addressing numerous
issues. Over the recent years, the integration of nanotechnology has successfully overcome these
obstacles, ushering in a new era of advanced treatment modalities. One notable stride has been the
utilization of lipid-based nanocarriers, which have demonstrated substantial improvements in therapeutic
outcomes. Among these innovative drug delivery systems (lipid-based), nanocochleates
have emerged as the focal point for augmenting therapeutic potential and enabling targeted actions.
Originally employed for vaccines, genes, and fungal infections, nanocochleates have
evolved to address significant life-threatening diseases where conventional therapies fall short.
The distinctive capability of nanocochleates lies in their ability to deliver drugs with enhanced precision
in comparison with supplementary lipid-based systems, making them a promising novel carrier
for improved efficacy. This piece of writing delves into the fundamentals of nanocochleates,
exploring their safety and stability aspects, recent trends, and diverse applications. Notably, nanocochleates
have shown promise in managing conditions such as diabetes mellitus, malaria, leishmaniasis,
cancer, viral infections, and osteoporosis. By elucidating the unique attributes and potential
of nanocochleates, this review aims to contribute valuable insights into their role as a cutting-
edge drug delivery system across a spectrum of critical medical scenarios
CNS Delivery Systems Based on Nanotechnology with Particular
Attention to Parkinson's and Alzheimer's Disease –A Review
Authors: Ahmad Md Makhmur , S Alshammari Abdulla Obaid , Alshammari Maher Abbas , A Alshammari Hatim Obaid , M. Aldhabi Bander , Q. Alruwaytie Muqbil , D. Alhejaili Omar
Published: May 2024

Nanotechnology has emerged as a promising frontier in the field of drug delivery,
offering unprecedented opportunities for precise and targeted interventions in neurodegenerative
disorders, such as Parkinson's and Alzheimer's diseases. This review explores
recent advancements in nanotechnology-based delivery systems designed to enhance drug
transport across the blood-brain barrier and facilitate targeted drug delivery to the central
nervous system. The unique challenges posed by the intricate central nervous system architecture,
particularly in the context of Parkinson's and Alzheimer's diseases, necessitate innovative
solutions to improve therapeutic outcomes. The review comprehensively discusses
various nanocarrier platforms, including liposomes, polymeric nanoparticles, dendrimers,
and exosomes, and their potential applications in drug delivery to the central
nervous system (CNS). Special emphasis is placed on addressing the multifaceted challenges
associated with neurodegenerative diseases, such as the need for sustained drug
release, protection of therapeutic agents from enzymatic degradation, and the efficient
crossing of the blood-brain barrier. Furthermore, the review highlights recent breakthroughs
in nanotechnology-driven diagnostic and therapeutic approaches, ranging from
early detection of disease biomarkers to the targeted delivery of neuroprotective agents.
The potential of personalized medicine and the integration of advanced imaging techniques
with nanotechnology for precise disease monitoring are also discussed. In conclusion, this
review provides a comprehensive overview of recent advancements in nanotechnologybased
delivery systems tailored for CNS targeting, with a specific focus on Parkinson's and
Alzheimer's diseases. The synthesis of current research findings underscores the transformative
potential of nanotechnology in reshaping the landscape of therapeutic strategies
for neurodegenerative disorders, offering hope for improved patient outcomes and the development
of novel treatment modalities.
Pre-clinical Efficacy and Immunogenicity of IgY Antibodies Directed
against Crotalus durissus cumanensis Venom
Authors: Montero Yuyibeth , Zerpa Noraida , Neves Yudith , Zerpa Oriana , Álvarez Aurora , Malavé Caridad
Published: May 2024

Background:

Crotalus durissus cumanensis (C.d.c.) is the most widely distributed snake in Venezuela, causing the majority of snakebite envenoming

Objective:

The purpose of this study was to produce IgY antibodies against a C.d.c. venom pool from different Venezuelan regions and evaluate their neutralization capacity on various venom toxic activ-ities.

Methods:

Anti-C.d.c. venom antibodies are purified from chicken egg yolks by precipitation with polyethylene glycol and further analyzed by Multiple Antigen Blot Assay, indirect ELISA, Western blot, and Inhibition assays. In addition, we evaluate the phospholipase, edematogenic, and hemor-rhagic activities. In addition, a new envenoming simulation study using anti-C.d.c. venom IgY in mice is presented.

Results:

In this study, we show that anti-C.d.c. venom IgY is capable of neutralizing 4LD50 doses of the Cdc venom (i.e., 1.76 mg of IgY neutralized 14 μg of C.d.c. venom) and effectively neutralizing the phospholipase, edematogenic and hemorrhagic activities. Additionally, the anti C.d.c. venom IgY specifically recognizes polypeptide bands with apparent molecular masses of ~ 54.55, 30.39, 24.1, 14.02, and 9.44 kDa by western blot. The IgY specificity is demonstrated by a dose-dependent inhi-bition, in which antibodies pre-adsorbed with the C.d.c. venom does not recognize the proteins con-tained in the venom. Furthermore, in the simulation study of envenoming, the mice inoculated with IgY showed no response.

Conclusion:

Our results support the use of anti-venom IgY as an alternative to traditional equine therapy in animals and, eventually, in human patients bitten by C.d.c snakes.
New Insights on Mechanisms and Therapeutic Targets of Cerebral Edema
Authors: Shang Pei , Zheng Ruoyi , Wu Kou , Yuan Chao , Pan Suyue
Published: May 2024

:

Cerebral Edema (CE) is the final common pathway of brain death. In severe neurological
disease, neuronal cell damage first contributes to tissue edema, and then Increased Intracranial Pressure (ICP) occurs, which results in diminishing cerebral perfusion pressure. In turn, anoxic brain injury brought on by decreased cerebral perfusion pressure eventually results in neuronal cell impairment,
creating a vicious cycle. Traditionally, CE is understood to be tightly linked to elevated ICP, which ultimately generates cerebral hernia and is therefore regarded as a risk factor for mortality. Intracranial
hypertension and brain edema are two serious neurological disorders that are commonly treated with
mannitol. However, mannitol usage should be monitored since inappropriate utilization of the substance could conversely have negative effects on CE patients. CE is thought to be related to bloodbrain barrier dysfunction. Nonetheless, a fluid clearance mechanism called the glial-lymphatic or
glymphatic system was updated. This pathway facilitates the transport of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) into the brain along arterial perivascular spaces and later into the brain interstitium. After removing solutes from the neuropil into meningeal and cervical lymphatic drainage arteries, the route then directs
flows into the venous perivascular and perineuronal regions. Remarkably, the dual function of the
glymphatic system was observed to protect the brain from further exacerbated damage. From our point
of view, future studies ought to concentrate on the management of CE based on numerous targets of
the updated glymphatic system. Further clinical trials are encouraged to apply these agents to the clinic
as soon as possible.
The Role of Alpha-7 Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors in Pain: Potential Therapeutic Implications
Authors: Tao Yu , Sun Yufang , Jiang Xinghong , Tao Jin , Zhang Yuan
Published: May 2024

Chronic pain represents a prevalent and costly medical challenge globally. Nicotinic acetylcholine
receptors (nAChRs), one type of ligand-gated ion channels found extensively in both the central
and peripheral nervous systems, have emerged as promising therapeutic targets for chronic pain.
Although there are currently no FDA-approved analgesics specifically targeting nAChRs, accumulating
preclinical and clinical evidence suggest that selective ligands for alpha 7 (α7) nAChRs show potential
for treating chronic pain, boasting a reduced incidence of side effects compared with other nicotinic
receptor types. The recent structural resolution of human α7 nAChRs has confirmed their negative
association with heightened pain, providing a valuable foundation for the development of targeted
medications. This review presents a comprehensive overview, encompassing insights into the roles of
α7 nAChRs derived from structural and functional studies, recent advancements in pharmacology, and
investigations into their involvement in the pathophysiology of chronic pain. Moreover, the review
addresses the variability in analgesic effects based on the type of receptor agonist and highlights the
current research limitations. As such, this review offers potential therapeutic approaches for the development
of innovative strategies for chronic pain management.
The Ability of KUB Rooster to Produce Indonesian Super Native Chickens
Authors: Zulfan Zulfan , Yaman Muhammad Aman , Ariga Muhammad Faris , Ammar Muhammad
Published: May 2024

The crossbreed originated from male native chicken x female commercial layers, currently in Indonesia called a Super Native Chicken (Ayam Kampung Super). This study aimed to evaluate the ability of a selected local KUB (Ayam Kampung Unggul Balitbangtan) rooster to cross female ISA Brown chickens to produce Indonesian super native chickens. In comparison, the ISA hen was crossed with an unselected local chicken of bangkok descent (Ayam Kampung Turunan Bangkok, KTB) rooster, and the same hen strain was crossed with a Rhode Island Red (RIR) rooster. The treatment was crossbreeding (CB): CB1= KUB x ISA, CB2= KTB x ISA, and CB3= RIR x ISA. The results of the study showed that there were no significant (P>0.05) effects on fertility, hatchability, embryonic mortality, or chick abnormalities, but KUB x ISA resulted in significantly greater (P<0.01) chick weight and chick yield than did KTB x ISA. In conclusion, the KUB rooster was able to cross with ISA Brown to produce Super Native Chicken without significant adverse effects on fertility or hatchability, resulting in better quality day-old chicks than those produced by the KTB rooster.
Growth Pattern of Male and Female Kejobong Goats in Rural Areas
Authors: Purbowati Endang , Rianto Edy
Published: May 2024

Growth is an important physiological activity in the animal that produces meat. This study aimed to investigate the growth rate of male and female Kejobong goats raised by farmers in Kejobong District, Purbalingga Regency, Central Java Province, Indonesia. The materials observed in this study were 43 female Kejobong goats aged 0–36 months and 34 male Kejobong goats aged 0–18 months, which were selected based on the available reliance sampling method. The relationship between the body weight (Y) and age (X) of the goats was analysed by cross-sectional comparison, with simple statistics and correlation regression. The body weights of male and female Kejobong goats aged 0–12 months were similar. However, after 12 months of age, the body weight of the males was greater than that of the females. The regression analysis and correlation between age and body weight in male and female Kejobong goats showed that the equation of the regression in the male goats was Y = - 0.040 X2 + 2.662 X + 1.105 and that in the female goats was Y = -0.019 X2 + 1.566 X + 4.665. The correlation coefficients (r) between age and body weight in male and female Kejobong goats were 0.97 and 0.90, respectively, while the coefficients of determination (r2) were 93.50% and 80.60%, respectively. It was concluded that the body weights of male and female Kejobong goats increased with the age of the goats. The relationship between age and body weight of Kejobong goats was very close
Pelatihan Kader Cilik SDN 1 Bangelan, Dusun Bangelan, Desa Bangelan, Kecamatan Wonosari, Kabupaten Malang
Authors: Surjono  , Arifin Salsa Dwi Cahya , Adnyasari Dhiya Arista , Putri Esterlita Stefany
Published: May 2024

Pembangunan desa tidak hanya sekedar meningkatkan kesejahteraan dan kualitas hidup masyarakat namun juga pemanfaatan serta menjaga lingkungan secara berkelanjutan. Menciptakan lingkungan yang bersih menjadi salah kewajiban berbagai pihak. Namun, masalah kebersihan lingkungan masih menjadi kendala. Hal ini diakibatkan kurang kesadaran akan perilaku hidup bersih dan sehat, salah satunya adalah membuang sampah sembarangan. Membuang sampah sembarangan ialah bentuk penurunan kualitas lingkungan, apabila dibiarkan akan mengalami permasalahan serius. Desa Bangelan memiliki berbagai potensi salah satunya wisata alam yang memerlukan pemeliharaan untuk menjaga keasrian wisata tersebut, salah satunya dengan membiasakan masyarakat untuk berperilaku hidup bersih dan sehat, melalui pembiasaan pada anak-anak desa untuk membuang sampah dan memilah sesuai jenisnya. Pembiasaan ini diharapkan sebagai bentuk strategi pendidikan karakter, kesadaran dan kemampuan untuk lebih peka kepada lingkungan sekitar khususnya siswa SD Negeri 1 Bangelan. Siswa yang sebelumnya hanya membuang sampah sembarangan diharapkan menjadi lebih peka terhadap lingkungannya dan memanfaatkan sampah menjadi barang yang berguna. Tujuan dari pelatihan ini dimaksudkan untuk meningkatkan kesadaran masyarakat Desa Bangelan akan perilaku hidup bersih dan sehat yang difokuskan pada pembentukan Kader Cilik Lingkungan melalui pelatihan pemilahan sampah 3R dan pengolahan sampah organik.
Functional disorders in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
Authors: Kekenadze M. , Kvirkvelia N. , Beridze M. , Vashadze Sh.
Published: May 2024

Background. Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a disease of the parts of the nervous system that control voluntary muscle movement. In ALS, motor neurons (nerve cells that control muscle cells) are gradually lost. As this happens, the muscles they control become weak and then nonfunctional, thus leading to muscle weakness, disability, and eventually death. ALS is the most common form of motor neuron disease. Recent studies widely demonstrated that the pattern of progression in sporadic ALS patients is unsolved mystery, especially what factors influence the progression of the disease. Therefore, we conducted a study using ALS Functional Rating Scale-Revised (ALSFRS-R) for disease progression and investigated factors contributing to its rapid rate in The First University Clinic of Tbilisi State Medical University in 2019–2022. Materials and methods. A total of 60 patients with ALS were examined, among them 31 male (51.67 %), 29 female (48.33 %) aged 21–84 years. Riluzole takers, patients with sporadic ALS underwent brain magnetic resonance imaging, and electrophysiological studies were done in all patients. Participants were diagnosed using the Gold Coast criteria and examined with the ALSFRS-R. Survey for factors affecting disease progression was performed with a help of the patient’s caregiver (a disease-specific questionnaire was invented for this purpose, investigating probable progression modifiers). Results. It has been found that recent falls, trauma, surgery, and infection have a drastic impact on disease progression. ALS was found to be a not linear progressive disease and can vary. We have found that 5 % of patients had improvement оn ALSFRS-R, not explained by medication, nor lifestyle change. Conclusions. The rate of ALS progression appears to be a mystery by itself. Predicting the progression rate, and the factors affecting it would be beneficial for ALS patients and may even bring chances to slow or halt the progression. Further research is essential.
A Counterfactual Canon
Authors: Karmanov Fedor , Kotin Joshua
Published: May 2024

The article analyzes the relationship between gender and taste at Shakespeare and Company. Using the Shakespeare and Company Project datasets, we discover that the majority of the books in the lending library were by men, and that women were almost twice as likely as men to borrow books by women. We also discover that the female authors with a high ratio of male to female readers are now canonical: Agatha Christie, Emily Dickinson, Gertrude Stein, Marianne Moore. In contrast, the female authors with the highest ratio of female to male readers are less well-known: Margaret Kennedy, E. M. Delafield, Rebecca West, Elizabeth von Arnim. These final two discoveries are surprising: they suggest that the reading practices of men determined the canon of female authors, and that the reading practices of women might reveal a counterfactual canon of modernism. We consider how this counterfactual canon of female authors might influence future work in literary history.
Lower-Dosage Acute Peritoneal Dialysis versus Acute Intermittent Hemodialysis in Acute Kidney Injury
Authors: Parapiboon Watanyu , Tatiyanupanwong Sajja , Khositrangsikun Kamol , Phulkerd Thanawat , Kaewdoungtien Piyanut , Pichitporn Watthikorn , Lumlertgul Nuttha , Peerapornratana Sadudee , Chen Fangyue , Srisawat Nattachai
Published: May 2024

Key Points

The efficacy of acute peritoneal dialysis is still controversial.

There was no significant difference in 28-day mortality between acute peritoneal dialysis and intermittent hemodialysis.

Background

Lower delivered dose of acute peritoneal dialysis (PD) in AKI requires less resources but raises concerns regarding adequate solute and water clearance. The relative merits of lower-dose PD versus intermittent hemodialysis remain uncertain.

Methods

A multicenter randomized controlled trial compared the outcomes between acute lower-dosage PD (18–24 L per day) and intermittent hemodialysis (three times per week) from May 2018 to January 2021 in patients with AKI. The primary outcome was 28-day mortality rate. Secondary outcomes included 28-day dialysis-free survival and kidney recovery, metabolic profile, and procedure-related complications. Noninferiority of PD to hemodialysis would be demonstrated if the upper bound of the 95% confidence interval ( CI) on risk difference (PD-hemodialysis) in 28-day mortality rates between the two groups was <20%.

Results

We included 157 patients (80 allocated to PD and 77 to intermittent hemodialysis). Before KRT initiation, baseline clinical characteristics between groups were comparable. The overall mean age was 57±15 years. The most frequent cause of AKI was sepsis (68%). There was no difference in 28-day mortality between acute PD and intermittent hemodialysis (50% versus 49%, risk difference 0.6 [95% CI, −15.0 to 16.3]), and 28-day dialysis-free survival (42% versus 37%, risk difference 4.6 [95% CI, −11.1 to 20.3]). Mean weekly Kt/V urea was 2.11±1.14 and 2.55±1.11 in the PD and intermittent hemodialysis groups, respectively. The 7-day fluid balance of PD and intermittent hemodialysis patients was not significantly different. There was more frequent intradialytic hypotension in the intermittent hemodialysis group and more frequent hypokalemia in the PD group.

Conclusions

In this study of patients with AKI, there was no significant difference in 28-day mortality between acute PD and intermittent hemodialysis.
Educar para civilizare integrar: colegios de hijos de caciques araucanos y clero indígena en Chile (siglo XVIII)
Authors: Enríquez Lucrecia
Published: May 2024

Los colegios de hijos de caciques se concibieron desde los albores de la Conquista como un medio para educar, civilizar y evangelizar a las élites indígenas; también tuvieron como objetivo formar con ellas un clero indígena que colaborara en la conversión de las naciones indias. La Corona, la Iglesia y las autoridades políticas locales trabajaron en conjunto para este ­n. Con nuevas fuentes y una revisión historiográfi­ca al día, Educar para civilizar e integrar… analiza el funcionamiento de los colegios y seminarios para caciques en lo que hoy es Chile y en los tres momentos en que se instalaron a lo largo del siglo XVIII, impulsados por la Corona no sin la resistencia de los araucanos. Su historia se inserta en la publicación y ejecución de la real cédula de 1697 en el virreinato del Perú, conocida como cédula de honores, que franqueaba el acceso de los indios a carreras seculares y eclesiásticas de la Monarquía.