bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The efficacy of neoadjuvant chemotherapy and survival in older patients with stages II to III triple-negative breast cancer
Authors: Gordeeva Olga O , Kolyadina Irina V , Zhukova Liudmila G , Gan'shina Inna P , Komov Dmitrii V , Meshcheriakov Andrei A
Published: August 2020

Background. Breast cancer (BC) maintains the leading position in the structure of the morbidity and mortality from malignancies. Triple-negative BC (TNBC) is the most aggressive subtype among all types of BC. The adequate and timely initiation of neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) determines the further prognosis of the disease in case of early and locally advanced TNBC. Patients over 60 years old are the special subgroup, but it has not been previously considered separately. Aim. To determine the efficacy of NAC and survival in elderly patients with stages II to III TNBC. Materials and methods. Since 2014, 92 patients with histologically verified early and locally advanced TNBC have received NAC, followed by surgery ± adjuvant therapy. NAC was conducted under the following scheme: cisplatin 75 mg/m2 on day 1, paclitaxel 80 mg/m2 on days 1, 8 and 15 of 28-day cycle, for six cycles. After the end of NAC, patients underwent surgery and a follow-up assessment of the degree of therapeutic pathomorphism in the primary tumor and regional lymph nodes. Further on, the correlation analysis was carried out between clinical characteristics and the degree of therapeutic pathomorphism. Results. We analyzed the data from the 92 patients, 22 (23.9%) patients of them were in older age group. At the time of disease diagnosis, the patients older than 60 years of age had a greater involvement of regional lymph nodes (N3: 40.9% vs. 20.0%, p
The predictive value of digital mammography, breast ultrasound and their combination in the diagnosis of early breast cancer
Authors: Alieva Gunel S , Korzhenkova Galina T , Kolyadina Irina V
Published: August 2020

Aim. To assess the predictive value of digital mammography, breast ultrasound and a combination of these methods in the diagnosis of early breast cancer - BC (carcinomas in situ and invasive tumors up to 1.0 cm in size). Outcomes and methods. We retrospectively reviewed clinical records of 110 patients of the FSBI “N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology» of the Ministry of Health of Russia Federation who were examined and treated for early BC (ductal carcinoma in situ, lobular carcinoma in situ, and invasive breast cancer no larger than 1.0 cm in size without regional or systemic tumor spreading). All patients were examined using digital mammography across two projections, with targeted magnification if it was necessary, as well as breast ultrasound with B-mode, Doppler ultrasound and elastography. We analyzed a frequency of establishing various BI-RADS categories according to data of mammography and breast ultrasound. We also assessed breast tissue density, a presence of nodules and calcifications and their radiological characteristics, as well as a frequency of false-negative results of mammography and breast ultrasound, their radiological characteristics, and causes of obtaining the false-negative results. According to the data of mammography and breast ultrasound, the study group was divided into 2 subgroups: patients who were diagnosed with BC (BI-RADS 5) and patients with changes in the breast which were not clearly interpreted as malignant (BI-RADS 0-4). Statistical analysis was carried out using the SPSS 20.0 program; differences were considered statistically significant with p
Immunotherapy in combination with chemotherapy in triple-negative breast cancer - the first “target” therapy for the “target” patients’ population
Authors: Grechukhina Katerina S , Zhukova Ludmila G
Published: August 2020

The only option of systemic therapy for triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) was cytotoxic chemotherapy until recently, moreover the unitary standard of care for metastatic forms was not strictly defined. That is why paradigm of the treatment remains at the discretion of the doctor and it is empirical, consisting of precise combination of drugs. TNBC is infamous as the worst prognostic subtype. The absence of estrogen and progesterone receptors expression and HER2 amplification in this subtype of tumors made the usage of target therapy impossible, which is essential for successful treatment of luminal and HER2 positive breast cancer subtypes. The data about potential immunogenicity of tumor in TNBC launched the investigation of immunotherapy efficacy in this subtype of breast cancer. International clinical trial Impassion130 has not only created the basis in this field of TNBC treatment but also identified and determined the “benefiters”-cohort of patients concerning one of the most important goals - improving overall survival, that is so significant for patients with this subtype of breast cancer.
Neuroendocrine carcinoma of the prostate (review of the literature)
Authors: Abbasova Daria V , Polikarpova Svetlana B , Kozlov Nikolai A , Baranova Madina P , Kovalenko Irina P , Ignatova Elena I
Published: August 2020

Neuroendocrine neoplasia (NEC) of the prostate gland is a rather rare extrapulmonary neuroendocrine carcinoma and makes up only 0.5 to 1% of all malignant neoplasms of this localization. NEC of the prostate gland is a tumor of epithelial origin, histologically and immunohistochemically identical to analogues in the lungs and digestive system. When stained with hemotoxylin-eosin, neuroendocrine cells cannot always be visualized; they are best recognized by the immunohistochemical method of investigation using specific markers. Currently, a number of neuroendocrine markers are used, the expression of which may indicate a neuroendocrine nature. Androgen neuroendocrine cells themselves are independent and do not cause an increase in the concentration of prostate-specific antigen. Prostate NECs are represented by some histological forms according to WHO classification (2015): 1. Adenocarcinoma with focal neuroendocrine differentiation. 2. Well-differentiated neuroendocrine tumor. 3. Small cell neuroendocrine cancer is a high - grade tumor with high malignant potential. 4. Large cell neuroendocrine cancer is a high - grade tumor. Due to the rarity of NEC of the prostate, a specific algorithm for diagnosis and treatment has not been developed, as a rule, they are similar to methods of other malignant forms of prostate cancer and neuroendocrine tumors.
Durvalumab in the treatment of locally advanced non-small cell lung cancer after chemoradiotherapy in a real practice
Authors: Sakaeva Dina D , Ruchkin Valerii V , Goncharova Olga V , Abbasova Raliia R , Mufazalov Fagim F
Published: August 2020

In 2017 the first published PFS results of PACIFIC study demonstrated new opportunities of immunotherapy in locally-advanced unresectable non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) after chemoradiation (CRT). The positive overall survival results in this trial were received next year. This trial has become the first positive study in the more then 10 years after failure of all trials which investigated different approaches for improvement efficacy of standard CRT (induction therapy, consolidation therapy, target therapy, increased RT dose). The PACIFIC trial has opened new opportunities to improve outcomes in this patient’s population. Durvalumab was registered in Russia in July 2019, however clinical experience of durvalumab administration is still limited and we need to build expertise in this field. In this article we present the first example of durvalumab therapy in post CRT period in Bashkortostan real clinical practices. Patient with IIIB st NSCLC started durvalumab therapy after standard CRT. The complete response was registered after 4 months of therapy and currently after 9 months of therapy it is still remain.
Long-term results of surgical treatment of patients with retroperitoneal leiomyosarcoma
Authors: Bugaev Vladislav E. , Nikulin Maxim P. , Nered Sergey N. , Lyubchenko Ludmila N. , Stilidi Ivan S.
Published: August 2020

Relevance. Leiomyosarcomas is highly aggressive tumors with poor prognosis. Surgical resection is a standard treatment approach. However, data of long-term results of surgical treatment are lacking due to rarity of retroperitoneal form of leiomyosarcoma. Prognostic significance of tumor size, grade and recurrence type remains unclear as well.
Aim. To analyze results of surgical treatment of patients with retroperitoneal leiomyosarcoma and to define prognostic factors which are associated with disease-free and overall survival.
Materials and methods. The study included patients with primary retroperitoneal leiomyosarcomas who have received surgical or combined treatment between January 2003 and April 2019 at Blokhin National Medical Research Centre of Oncology. Short- and long-term clinical outcomes of surgical and combined treatment as well as recurrence rate, pattern of recurrence and morphological features were analyzed in order to define prognostic factors of disease-free and overall survival.
Results. The study included 64 patients with primary retroperitoneal leiomyosarcomas 12 men (18%) and 52 women (82%). Median tumor size was 10.55.0 cm. Most of the operations (93.3%) were done by open approach. Combined resections were performed in 62.5% of cases (n=40), vascular resections in 17.2% cases (n=11). Radical (R0) resections were performed in 54 cases (85.9%). Postoperative morbidity and mortality rate were 39% and 0% respectively. Adjuvant chemotherapy or radiotherapy received 21 (35%) patients and 1 (1.7%) patient respectively. 46 (71.9%) patients had a disease recurrence. Recurrence type (local recurrence/distant metastases) did not influence overall survival (р=0.655). Median disease-free survival was 27 months (95% CI 1043.9). 3-year and 5-year disease-free survival was 43% and 21% respectively. Median overall survival was 79 months (95% CI 49108.9). 3-year and 5-year overall survival was 73% and 59% respectively. Among patients grade 2 and grade 3 tumors median disease-free survival was 49 vs. 18 months (р=0.271), median overall survival 146 vs. 58 months (р=0.018). There were no statistically significant differences in rate of radical resections among patients with different tumor location (р=0.804) or its size (р=0,520). Patients, who have undergone radical (R0) resection, had better overall (р=0.028) and disease-free survival (р0.001). Adjuvant chemotherapy was not associated lower risk of disease recurrence (p=0.976), type of recurrence (р=0.981) and lower overall survival (р=0.284).
Conclusion. Tumor grade and radical resection are the most important prognostic factors in patients with retroperitoneal leiomyosarcoma. In our study, tumor size was not correlated with long-term results and possibility of radical resection.
Principles of premetastatic niche formation
Authors: Korneva Yulia S. , Ukrainets Roman V.
Published: August 2020

The article is devoted to premetastatic niche as a complex term, including stromal cells, vessels, extracellular matrix and their changes during interaction with the primary tumor. On example of different malignant tumors authors describe as primary tumor through tumor exosomes prepares certain organs-recipients to metastatic clone implantation. In the area of premetastatic niche under the influence of tumorous exosomes polarization of macrophages towards M2 type takes place. The cells are the main agents, providing survival as well as migration of tumorous cells. Affecting extracellular matrix, macrophages change the microcirculatory bed permeability. This mechanism is directed towards increase of its permeability to entrance of metastatic clone cells form vessels into premetastatic niche. Besides macrophages fibroblasts and polypotent bone marrow stem cells are also reprogrammed, that results in metabolism and local immunity changes at the place of future implantation. As a result, only when tissue of recipient-organ is prepared for contact with metastatic clone, their interaction take place with consequent formation of secondary tumor metastatic niche. Thus, this review describes pathogenesis of metastasis, different from its early understanding as spread of metastatic clone with lymph and blood.
These peculiarities may in future have significant impact in practical medicine, Blockage of signal spread from primary tumor through exosomes is one of the promising directions in pathogenetic therapy of malignant tumors. Investigation of principles of premetastatic niche formation may become a theoretical substantiation for prophylaxis of metastatic disease and inhibition of micrometastasis to macrometastasis transformation.
The role of second generation Bruton tyrosine kinase inhibitors in the treatment of chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Resolution
Authors: Poddubnaya Irina V. , Bialik Tatyana E. , Glonina Natalya N. , Kalashnikova Olga B. , Kaplanov Kamil D. , Lapin Valery A. , Medvedeva Nadezhda V. , Mikhailova Natalya B. , Moiseeva Tatyana N. , Nikitin Evgeniy A. , Pospelova Tatyana I. , Stadnik Elena A.
Published: August 2020

Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is the most common type of adult leukemia, with incidence rate of 4: 100 thousand per year, according to European data. CLL remains an incurable disease, with most patients over 60 years old. Immunochemotherapy schemes today remain the standard treatment approach for CLL. The advent of novel molecules expands possibilities of treating this disease. Targeted therapy with small molecule inhibitors of Bruton tyrosine kinase (BTK) occupies an important place in the treatment of patients with CLL, both for first-line therapy and for treatment of relapses. The drug acalabrutinib as a highly selective new generation of BTK inhibitor can be considered as an efficient and safe option for first-line therapy and for treatment of the disease relapse in patients with CLL, especially in patients with comorbidity, including cardiovascular diseases (CDV) or risk factors for CVD.
Biobanks in oncology: global experience and Russian reality
Authors: Kaprin Andrei D. , Ivanov Sergei A. , Petrov Vladimir A. , Dukhova Natalia N. , Dvinskikh Nina Iu. , Falaleeva Natalia A. , Grivtsova Liudmila Iu.
Published: August 2020

One of the integral components of modern large-scale research projects in the field of medicine are biobanks. The main objective of this infrastructure is the professional collection of biological samples that can be studied with respect to a wide range of molecular biological parameters and will not lose their information value over a long storage period. These samples are made informative not only by correctly conducted preanalytical preparation at the stage of taking samples and placing them in storage, but also by detailed information support (the so-called annotated samples). The sample annotation is the fully collected personal, clinical and laboratory data about a patient. An important point of the biobank infrastructure is compliance with regulatory legal acts and ethical standards, including the procedure for signing an informed consent by a patient about voluntary donation of biological samples and the use of personal data. All this ensures the implementation of the main objective of creating biobanks the wide and uninterrupted availability of collections of biological material for researchers and developers and compliance with specific scientific tasks. This review is devoted to biobanking issues, as well as to the description and analysis of the currently existing oncological biobank infrastructure, both globally and within the Russian Federation.
Virus-associated pharynx tumors in a 16-year-old boy: the description of the clinical case
Authors: Gorbunova Tatiana V. , Radtsig Elena Iu. , Merkulov Oleg A. , Bogomil’skii Mikhail R. , Poliakov Vladimir G.
Published: August 2020

Objectives. The relationship between the development of the number of malignant tumors in children and viruses is well known. The etiological role of the EpsteinBarr virus in the development of undifferentiated nasopharyngeal cancer (NPC) has been well studied. The effect of human papillomavirus (HPV) on the occurrence and development of NPC in children is not sufficiently understood.
Aim. The description of the clinical case of the Epstein Barr virus and HPV infection in 16-year-old patient with the consistent development of NPC and oropharyngeal papillomatosis.
Description of the clinical case. The clinical observation of the boy who was diagnosed with NPC. The full clinical effect in the form of reduction of the primary tumor and metastases in the lymph nodes of the neck was noted after chemo- and radiotherapy. 18 months after the cure according to the positron emission tomography, combined with computed tomography, with 18F-deoxyglucose we marked the accumulation of radiopharmaceuticals in the area of the left palatine and lingual tonsils. The examination revealed clinical signs of the soft palate papillomatosis. The resection of the soft palate was carried out. The morphological study confirmed squamous cell papilloma. HPV type 16 DNA was found in the papilloma.
Conclusion. The accumulation of the information concerning childhood pharynx lesions caused by HPV would help to expand understanding of the most common types of the virus in the paediatric population. It would be possible to identify the groups of risk for the development of malignant tumors on the grounds of the detection HPV types of highly carcinogenic risk.
First-line therapy of indolent non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma in routine clinical practice
Authors: Babicheva Lali G. , Poddubnaya Irina V.
Published: August 2020

The aim is to evaluate the efficacy of the first-line rituximab-containing therapy of B-cell lymphoproliferative diseases in Russian clinical practice between 2014 and 2017.
Materials and methods. In the post-authorisation multicenter study EQUILIBRIUM were included 1 thousand patients aged from 21 to 91 with B-cell non-Hodgkins lymphoma or chronic lymphatic leukemia who had received at least 4 cycles of rituximab-containing therapy using the drug Acellbia. This article was devoted to the group of indolent non-Hodgkins lymphomas and included 253 patients: follicular lymphoma 51% of cases, marginal zone lymphoma 44% of patients, extremely rare were registered lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma and Waldenstrom macroglobulinemia in 3% and in 2% of cases, respectively. The median age in patients with indolent non-Hodgkins lymphomas was 62 years (2191 years). The vast majority of patients were diagnosed with stage IIIIV 190 (75%) of patients. More than 1/2 (53.4%) of patients in routine practice received R-CHOP therapy as a first-line. BR regimen was applied in 15.4% of cases, 14.2% of patients were treated with R-CVP/R-COP. We indicated rare use of rituximab as monotherapy in induction mode only 4.4% of patients. And 2.4% of patients were treated with fludarabine-containing therapy.
Results. The final assessment of the effect was carried out after 68 cycles of treatment and as a result the overall effect was more than 90%: the frequency of complete remission was 61%, partial responses 32.9%. The progression admitted only in 17 (6.7%) patients among 253 observed. With a median of 15 months, the median of overall survival and event-free survival was not achieved.
Conclusion. The use of the available and appropriate treatment according to the domestic clinical guidelines with the inclusion of the Russian biosimilar anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody Acellbia, demonstrates high direct efficacy and satisfactory long-term treatment results comparable to the retrospective analysis of the previous clinical studies of the original drug rituximab.
Accompanying therapy in oncohematological patients with secondary immunodeficiency
Authors: Babicheva Lali G. , Poddubnaya Irina V.
Published: August 2020

Actuality. The inability of a persons immune system to withstand foreign antigenic aggression is called immunodeficiency. More than 1/2 of all cases of secondary immunodeficiency (SID) in the world are occupied by hemoblastosis and, in a greater degree, the therapy, accompanied by the immunosuppression. Due to the expansion of the arsenal of new targeted drugs for the treatment of oncohematological diseases affecting different parts of the immune system, to increasingly frequent use of autologous and especially allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation, the prevalence and the frequency of SID are inexorably increasing. Timely diagnosis of SID should be the starting point of the management of oncohematological patients to reduce the incidence of infectious complications and, as a result, case fatality rate. Monitoring is based on assessing risk factors and identifying the category of patients requiring active preventive measures before they develop severe infection. Elimination of the main cause of SID development is the preferred option for the prevention of the infectious complications. However, in case of multiple myeloma, chronic lymphocytic leukemia and other oncohematological diseases, this option is often impossible. Therefore, active accompanying therapy is necessary for this category of patients, in particular immunoglobulin (Ig) replacement therapy. Main clinical communities are currently in the process of updating their guidelines and recommendations on using Ig replacement therapy in patients with hemoblastosis accompanied severe recurrent infections; after ineffective antibiotic treatment; with a proven inadequate specific antibody response; IgG4 g/l. Numerous cohort, observational and randomized trials showed the significant reduction in the number of infectious complications in oncohematological patients on using long-term (not less than 1012 months) intravenous Ig replacement therapy. The lack of attention of oncologists and hematologists to the early diagnosis and prevention of these conditions leads to the increase in the number of infectious complications with all the consequences such as worsen treatment results and increase mortality among oncohematological patients.
Conclusion. There is a real need to raise awareness among physicians and patients, to use screening and better management of the group of patients with increased risk of SID, and preventive use of intravenous Ig to reduce the incidence of infectious complications and active accompanying therapy aimed at reducing infection-related mortality.
Follicular lymphoma
Authors: Babicheva Lali G. , Tumyan G. S. , Osmanov E. A. , Falaleeva N. A. , Kravchenko S. K. , Stefanov D. N. , Poddubnaya I. V. , Myakova N. V. , Rumyantsev A. G. , Maschan A. A. , Ptushkin V. V. , Baikov V. V. , Kovrigina Alla M. , Krivolapov Iurii A. , Konovalov D. M. , Nevolsky A. A. , Ivanov S. A. , Khaylova Zh. V. , Gevorkian Tigran G.
Published: August 2020

Clinical recommendations.
Cancer patient management during the COVID-19 pandemic Training module. Version 2 from 30.04.2020
Authors: Poddubnaya I. V. , Sychev D. A. , Abuzarova G. R. , Allakhverdiev A. K. , Arkhiri P. P. , Babicheva L. G. , Baranova M. P. , Volkova M. I. , Ignatova A. V. , Kashurnikov A. Iu. , Kniazev R. I. , Kolyadina I. V. , Komarov I. G. , Kriukov A. V. , Levitskaia N. V. , Liadov V. K. , Malikhova O. A. , Nered S. N. , Orel N. F. , Podviaznikov S. O. , Sagaidak I. V. , Sarmanaeva R. R. , Stilidi I. S. , Trofimova O. P. , Tumian G. S. , Kharitonova T. V.
Published: August 2020

The training module was developed by the staff of the department under the leadership of the head. Department of Academician of RAS, Professor I.V. Poddubnoy and Rector of FSBEI DPO RMANPO of the Ministry of Health of Russia, Corr. RAS, Professor D.A. Sychev.
Clinical case of long-term use of osimertinib in the treatment of EGFR mutation-positive lung adenocarcinoma
Authors: Odintsova Svetlana V. , Sviridenko Mariia A. , Cheremnykh Antonina O. , Filippova Elena A. , Urtenova Magaripa A. , Orlov Sergei V.
Published: August 2020

This article reviews clinical case of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutation-positive non-small cell lung cancer and the usage of osimertinib for its treatment. Targeted drugs, EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors were approved for the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer more than 15 years ago*. Updated results of the large multicenter randomized FLAURA trial showed that osimertinib, a third-generation irreversible selective epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor, was more effective than first-generation EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors, not only in terms of progression-free survival, but in terms of duration of response and overall survival. Furthermore, statistically and clinically significant benefit is achieved without deterioration of tolerance and quality of life. This article presents a clinical case of a woman who has taken part in this clinical trial. In light of the fact that this patient has been one of the first to receive this therapy in Russia, this experience appears to be interesting, because it allows assess the long-term results of the therapy: the achieved response duration is more than 50 months with good tolerance of therapy.
New opportunities of systemic therapy of CD30-positive primary cutaneous T-cell lymphomas
Authors: Poddubnaya Irina V. , Ptushkin Vadim V. , Belousova Irena E. , Gorenkova L. G. , Kaplanov Kamil D. , Karamova A. E. , Kovrigina Alla M. , Kolomeitsev O. A. , Konstantinova T. S. , Kokhan Muza M. , Pospelova Tatyana I.
Published: August 2020

Relevance. Cutaneous T-cell lymphomas (CTCL) are not common diseases which are associated with a decrease in quality of life. Currently available systemic therapy rarely provides a stable and long-termed response. In Russia, current CTCL therapy is a big issue due to the limited access to modern targeted therapy, an absence of a National CTCL registry, and the difficulties in morphological diagnosis of these rare diseases. Since June 17, 2019, a new indication of brentuximab vedotin as a new treatment option for patients with CD30+ CTCL after at least one line of previous systemic therapy was registered. Brentuximab vedotin is a conjugate of a CD30 directed monoclonal antibody and an antitumor agent. Brentuximab vedotin is a CD30-directed monoclonal antibody conjugated to an antitumor agent.
Aim. To identify the unresolved issues of current clinical practice and to adapt available approaches to the treatment and diagnosis of CD30 + CTCL given new therapeutic opportunities.
Results. The available approaches to the systemic CTCL therapy in Russia routine clinical practice have been discussed, the unresolved issues of therapy and diagnosis have been identified, the routing of patients with CD30 + CTCL in Russia has been discussed, the importance of CD30 testing has been established, the profiles of patients with CTCL for treatment with brentuximab vedotin have been determined.
Prospects of eribulin administration for patients with HR-positive HER2-negative metastatic breast cancer after progression on CDK4/6 Inhibitors: theoretical background and first experience
Authors: Kolyadina Irina V. , Ganshina Inna P. , Kuzmicheva Svetlana V. , Tekeeva Asiiat I. , Kolokolov James D. , Volkonskii Mikhail V. , Poddubnaya Irina V.
Published: August 2020

Combining cyclin-dependent kinases 4 and 6 (CDK 4/6) inhibitors with endocrine therapies in hormone receptor (HR)-positive, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-negative advanced breast cancer in the first and second lines has emerged as optimal treatment strategy and has implications related to clinical efficacy, rapid clinical response and manageable tolerability. However, approximately one in five women has progression during the first year, we have to make efforts to choose the treatments for hormone receptor-positive breast cancer. Potential treatment options include prospective chemotherapy drug eribulin, its efficacy has been demonstrated in various biological subtypes of metastatic breast cancer in patients pretreated with anthracyclines and taxanes. Data from EMPOWER study evaluating the use of eribulin in female patients with hormone positive HER2-negative metastatic breast cancer who received CDK 4/6 inhibitor therapy showed promising results. In the cohort eribulin was prescribed according to the FDA indications in the USA after at least three prior regimens with a prior anthracycline and a taxane overall response rate was 26.7%, clinical benefit rate was 54.1%, median progressive-free survival was not reached and 6-month progressive-free survival rates was 70.4%. Eribulin demonstrated a manageable tolerability profile, adverse event rates were similar to those in clinical trials and other observational studies. In this paper we present the analysis from Russia of five cases of luminal HER2-negative breast cancer who had progression after CDK 4/6 inhibitor therapy. All patients had visceral metastases, one of them had brain metastases. Eribulin was used according to prescribing information in Russia, in metastatic settings in patients pretreated with anthracyclines and taxanes in the second chemotherapy line (3 patients) and in the third line (2 patients). Four patients achieved stable disease, one patient had partial response. Duration of eribulin treatment response was from 8 to 22 months. Eribulin appeared to be well-tolerated, dose reduction was not noted. Data from EMPOWER (USA) and the first treatment results from Russia demonstrated eribulin may be a potential treatment option in hormone-positive breast cancer following prior CDK 4/6i therapy for disease control and to preserve quality of life.
dismantling colonial myths
Authors: Worthington Philip
Published: August 2020

No description supplied
The Missing Decimal Point - A Construction Mystery
Authors: Isaacs Nigel
Published: August 2020

No description supplied
Remove Chemical Contaminants from Potable Water by Household Water Treatment System
Authors: Hussain Teba S. , Al-Fatlawi Alaa H.
Published: August 2020

The Main aim of the present study is to manufacture "Low- Cost Water Filter" for purification water and are designed for small water capacity, using readily available material and environmentally friendly such as kaolin clay, and jute fibers. A number of household treatment systems are readily available in the market. They are differing mainly in make and water purification mechanisms utilized. Most of the available household treatment devices are costly and hence there is a need to come up with cheap or affordable treatment technologies. This research was carried out to determine the efficiency of Kaolin-jute fibers filters in improving water impurities. Types of filters that were used during this study are: Filter 1, build with mixing ratio 85% kaolin clay, and 15% jute fibers, Filter 2: 80% kaolin clay, and 20% jute fibers, Filter 3, 75% kaolin clay, and 25% jute fibers. Effectiveness of these filters in decreasing chemical parameters like Hydrogen Ion Concentration (pH), Chloride (Cl), Calcium (Ca), Total Hardness (T.H), Magnesium (Mg), Alkalinity (ALK), Sulfates (SO4), Sodium (Na), and Potassium (K), were 8.7%, 71.54%, 70.5%, 70.5%, 80.7%, 77.9%, 85.5%, 71.64%, and 69.6% respectively. Kaolin-jute fibers filters can produce enough drinking and cooking water for a family of small members due to their flow rates. These filters may be considered for treating contaminated water at household scale in rural areas and places where water is taken directly from the source without treatment.
Traffic Congestion: Shift from Private Car to Public Transportation
Authors: Abdulrazzaq Layth Riyadh , Abdulkareem Mohammed Naeem , Mat Yazid Muhamad Razuhanafi , Borhan Muhamad Nazri , Mahdi Mina Salah
Published: August 2020

Private Cars (PC) are becoming the most common way to travel daily. This is one of the effects of poor access to Public Transport (PT). As a result, increase air pollution, traffic congestion, noise, accidents. This study aims to develop a modal shift model for car users to shift to PT and determine the factors that effects the performance of the mode of transportation. A survey of 384 of PT users was conducted in Kajang city, Malaysia. Data were processed by SPSS software. A binary logit model has been used for three different lines (car, train and bus). The explanatory factors that looked at two models include trip distances, a trip rate per day, trip time, gender, age, and occupation, which are important variables. Mode Choice Model (Car vs Bus) show the travel time and distance travelled are significant factors to increase the use of public buses and reduce dependence on the car. While in Model (Car vs Train), the travel time is an important variable that effects of the switching decision between car and train. Younger people are more likely to switch in both models. Improve some factors like reliability in public transport services and change some fundamental policy could be the most effective measures for shifting from PC to PT.
Evaluating the Nature of Distractive Driving Factors towards Road Traffic Accident
Authors: Khan Khawar , Zaidi Syed Bilal , Ali Asad
Published: August 2020

For past two decades many researchers have been working on quantitative as well as qualitative study of distractive driving using different approaches. Road traffic accidents have been identified as the main source of human casualties and cause of damages to the economy and society, as millions of humans is killed every year in these accidents around the world. National-level studies in Pakistan reveal that a higher percentage of males in the age group from twenty to forty years lose their lives in road traffic accidents when compared with that of females. Due to these factors, it is alarming for a society, which is highly dependent on males such as Pakistan, as these losses put numerous families into the financial crisis that lead to poverty. This study envisaged identifying whether moods and emotions play any role in road traffic accidents of young drivers. The study reviews have shown various gaps in our understanding. For this purpose, qualitative interviews of young drivers who are university going and have met some road accidents in recent years in Pakistan had been conducted. Data from the interviews had been transcribed for analysis while maintaining the anonymity of the participants for confidentiality. Analysis of the transcribed data reveals various factors that contribute to road traffic accidents where major causes are distractions, different weather conditions, sleep deprivation, unsafe lane changes, night-time driving, and these factors are triggered by the behavior when youthful drivers engage in driving for sensation seeking and self-esteem. We conclude that it is just through the appropriation of a systems approach that coordinated countermeasures can be proposed and actualized to relieve driver mistakes caused by distraction.
IMPLEMENTATION OF THE POLICIES ON STUDENT AFFAIRS AND SERVICES AMONG STATE UNIVERSITIES AND COLLEGES IN THE ISLAND OF SAMAR: FOR PROGRAM ENHANCEMENT
Authors: Amit Ronaldo A.
Published: August 2020

This study assessed the status of implementation of the policies on student affairs and services among state universities in the Island of Samar, as basis for program enhancement. This determined the status of implementation of the following student welfare programs and services, vis-à-vis the policies of SUC’s in Samar Island with respect to admission, career and placement service, economic enterprise development, food services, guidance and counseling, health services, information and orientation service, international student service, research, monitoring and evaluation of student affairs and services, safety and security, scholarship and financial assistance, services of students with special needs, student discipline, student handbook and student housing. The four (4) SUC’s in Samar Island were selected as the locale of this study. These were the University of Eastern Philippines Main Campus (Catarman), North West Samar State University Main Campus (Calbayog City), Samar State University Main Campus (Catbalogan City) and Eastern Samar State University Main Campus (Borongan City) with the university presidents, deans/directors of the Student Affairs and Services, personnel, and students as respondents. Frequency counts, percentages, and weighted mean computations were used to analyze the descriptive data obtained from the respondents of the study who were chosen through complete enumeration for presidents, deans/directors and personnel and random sampling for the students, respectively. The status of implementation of the student welfare programs and services as well as student development program and services in different state universities in the Samar Island, were both rated as “very satisfactory” which means that these programs and services were much implemented. Hence, an action plan was prepared for further enhancement of the student affairs and services in state universities as an offshoot of this study.
OPERATIONAL STATUS OF MANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEMS OF STATE UNIVERSITIES AND COLLEGES IN SAMAR-LEYTE ISLANDS
Authors: Ching Jose P.
Published: August 2020

This paper aims to determine the MIS unit’s operational status and the performance level of information systems of the state universities and colleges in the Samar-Leyte Islands.  In order to determine and appreciate the value and importance of MIS unit’s services, the unit requires a review of its profile and ICT resources.  The theory of Information System success model of DeLone and McLean was then used for evaluation to measure the performance and effectiveness of IS in terms of system, information, service quality, use (intention to), user satisfaction and net benefits.  The profile of MIS units identified each its capacity and characterized the performance and quality of IS.
RESEARCHES ON APPLICATIONS OF NOMINALIZATION IN DIFFERENT DISCOURSES
Authors: Lei Yue , Yi Zhang
Published: August 2020

As an important grammatical resource, nominalization has drawn many scholars’ attention, in which the most representative one is Halliday’s research on nominalization, and the breakthrough of his study is chiefly reflected in the researches about scientific discourses. Inspired by Halliday, many researchers have carried out various empirical researches on nominalization in different discourses. This study reviewed four types of empirical studies on nominalization, which are nominalization in academic discourse, nominalization in non-academic discourse, comparison of nominalization in different discourses and translation of nominalization. Through reviewing these studies, limitations concerning research methodology, research materials and analysis procedures are discussed. Finally, the analysis suggests that researchers should take all types of nominalizations into consideration and further elaborate their functions in different discourses, moreover, researches should focus more on practical significance of the study in the future and try to offer learners more advice on the use of nominalization and construction of academic writing.
AN ECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT OF IBADAN METROPOLIS, OYO STATE: EVIDENCES FROM VALUE BELIEF NORM (VBN) AND WILLINGNESS-TO-PAY THEORY
Authors: Oyelade Aduralere Opeyemi
Published: August 2020

The study investigated the economic analysis of solid waste management of Ibadan metropolis, Oyo State: Evidences from value belief norm (VBN) and willingness-to-pay theory. The study distributed two hundred and fifty (250) to both household and contractors and two hundred questionnaires was distributed to household while fifty questionnaires for contractors. The methods used include descriptive statistic, cross tabulation, both ordinary least square (OLS) and logistic regression as well as gross margin and net income analysis. The OLS regression result revealed that income of the household, educational status, age and sex are the factors that determine the amount pay to Ibadan waste management per month in Ibadan metropolis while the factors that determine willingness-to-pay for environmental goods in Ibadan metropolis from logistic regression are income of the household, household size, educational status, occupation and sex and they are inelastic in nature. Furthermore, gross margin and net income from waste management business to the contractors sampled are N100,408.5299 and N86,852.20 per month respective. The study recommended that contractors in the study area can jointly establish recycle plants where they can recycle waste and make more income from the recycled products. Waste management contractors should be prompt in their service delivery. Also, every household should have solid waste facilities such as garbage bin and dustbin for easy disposal. Lastly, government should re-introduced the monthly sanitation in order to make a lot of household become more conscious of the purity of their surroundings
Community of Seaweeds on Cemara Beach East Lombok
Authors: Mushlihah Intan , Japa Lalu , Mertha I Gde , Raksun Ahmad
Published: August 2020

Seaweeds (macroalgae) are a marine biological resource that have an important role in aquatic ecosystems and for society. The aim of this research was to determine community of seaweeds in Cemara Beach, East Lombok Regency.Data were collected at four observation points using a method of combinationof the line transect and quadrat. Seaweeds community data were analyzed using density parameters, important values, species diversity index, and species evenness index. The similarity percentage between transects was determined based on the Bray-Curtis cluster analysis using biodiversity program-version 2. In Cemara Beach there were 24 species of macroalgae which memberof 3 divisions, 11 orders and 15 families. Chlorophyta was a division with highest number of species. The number of species for Chlorophyta was 14 species, Rhodophyta division was 7 species, and Phaeophyta division 3 species. The species with highest density is Enteromorpha sp.,25.1 clumps/m2. Ulva lactuca is the species with the highest important value (72.69%). Diversity and evenness index in Cemara Beach seaweed species were 1,868 (medium category) and 0,699 (almost evenly distributed).The results of cluster analysis based on environmental parameters, species similarity and number of clumps of seaweed species, diversity index, and species evenness index indicate that seaweed in Cemara Beach can generally be divided into 2 groups.
Penerapan Metode Certainty Factor Dan Naïve Bayes Untuk Mendiagnosa Penyakit Akibat Gigitan Nyamuk
Authors: Bismo Yudo , Harsanto Giofani
Published: August 2020

Health is the main point for the expensive human life. However, many stakeholders ignore their health, which in the end the disease they suffer is too late to be diagnosed, thus reaching a chronic stage that makes it difficult to treat. Same is the case with mosquito bites. The poor behavior of stakeholders toward healthy living habits, especially littering in gutters or in rivers, causes mosquitoes to form colonies by making their nests and environment dirty, dirty and unsightly. The initial symptoms that often arise from the bite of a dengue mosquito, malaria and chikungunya are generally the same and difficult to distinguish. To overcome the above problems, it is necessary to build a system where the system can help stakeholders to diagnose diseases caused by mosquito bites on android. The research method used in this research is the Research and Development method, because the final result of this research is to produce a product in the form of an expert system application software to diagnose diseases caused based mosquito bites by android. The results obtained in this study are by applying the certainty factor method in the application of this expert system is able to provide the percentage calculation results in detecting diseases caused by mosquito bites, while the naïve bayes method is able to detect the type of mosquito. The accuracy of the expert system application that has been made is 90% in diagnosing diseases caused by mosquito bites.
Pemodelan Sistem Informasi Persediaan Barang Milik Daerah Se Kabupaten Kotawaringin Timur Menggunakan Archimate Enterprise Architectu
Authors: Riyadi Slamet
Published: August 2020

Management of regional assets is not an easy job, it is evident from the stillmany reasonable exceptions to the value of government and local government assets in the BPK-RIopinion on the Government's financial statements. Local Governments have difficulty in managingassets so that they present less or unnatural regional assets.Without a vision, IT infrastructure will not be able to support business processes, and vice versabusiness will not be optimal without IT support. This also happened at BPKAD East Kotawaringinwhere the assets Management Information System that had been created in 2014 could not yet beimplemented. This happens because there are still disagreements among stakeholders.ArchiMate is a standard of the Open Group, is an open and independent modeling language forEnterprise Architecture supported by various vendors and consulting firms. The ArchiMatespecification provides instruments to enable Corporate Architects to describe, analyze, and visualizerelationships between business domains.Architecure Enterprise Modeling that has been made already illustrates the GovernanceArrangements needed in terms of the management of regional property. Therefore the applicationof IT will have to refer to this modeling. This is also to avoid the risk of failing to implement IT asbefore
Website Security Gap Analysis Using WEBPWN3R Tools at Kali Linux
Authors: Andria Andria
Published: August 2020

Abstrak— Website sebagai media informasi dan komunikasi tentunya memiliki peran yang sangat penting. Seiring perkembangannya, tidak bisa dipungkiri bahwa terdapat ancaman terkait dengan celah keamanan dari suatu website. Adanya celah keamanan (bug) pada suatu website tentu memerlukan perhatian serius agar tidak dieksploitasi oleh pihak yang tidak bertanggung jawab. Berdasarkan hal tersebut, tentunya diperlukan adanya upaya preventif diantaranya dengan melakukan analisis terhadap kemungkinan adanya celah keamanan pada suatu website.  Pada penelitian ini, tools yang digunakan adalah WEBPWN3R yang merupakan Web Applications Security Scanner, tool open source ini dapat menganalisa, mendeteksi adanya bug dari suatu website. Pengujian dilakukan menggunakan perangkat komputer bersistem operasi Kali Linux. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisa adanya celah keamanan pada suatu website dan membantu administrator atau pengelola web untuk dapat mengetahui adanya kemungkinan celah keamanan pada suatu website, sehingga dapat segera dilakukan perbaikan dengan tepat berdasarkan temuan kerentanan atau celah keamanan yang terdapat pada website tersebut.
Coronavirus (COVID-19) Pandemic: Concern about Misuse of Antibiotics
Authors: Hossain Anwar , Raknuzzaman Md. , Tokumura Masahiro
Published: August 2020

Novel coronavirus, a severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) causes COVID-19, which has been a global threat for human health. The infection of coronavirus spread worldwide. Particularly, the rapid spread in the South American and Asian countries is concerning where population density is very high, and health facilities are inadequate compared to developed countries. In developing countries, people are less willing to go to physicians or hospitals to diagnose diseases. Self-medication is a widespread and prominent practice in those countries, particularly taking of antibiotics. Hence, antibiotics, particularly azithromycin and other last-resort antibiotics related to respiratory tract infection, might be misused or overused for COVID-19 treatment. Therefore, we recommend to the responsible authorities to take an urgent initiative to concern the people of developing and least developed countries about the misuse or overuse of antibiotics against the coronavirus.