bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
OVI-3: A NoSQL visual query system supporting efficient anti-joins
Authors: El-Mahgary Sami , Soisalon-Soininen Eljas , Orponen Pekka , Rönnholm Petri , Hyyppä Hannu
Published: September 2022

The aim of this work was to develop a technique to speed up complex joins in an incremental visual query system. When designing a visual, highly interactive interface for ad-hoc (read-only) queries, fast response times are of paramount importance. While a column-oriented DBMS reduces the inherent latency found in relational DBMS, there is still the question of how to index the data, especially so as to support complex joins. Equi-joins that involve a many-to-many relationship are an example of complex joins that arise frequently and whose efficient processing is essential for fast query processing. We present OVI-3, a NoSQL visual query system based on incremental querying that uses a simple directory-based indexing scheme for faster processing of such complex joins. The system has been piloted using real data from a student database at Aalto University. The results demonstrated that for certain complex joins the presented indexing scheme outperforms SQL queries from a data server, especially for queries involving anti-joins (negation), where OVI-3 provided an orders of magnitude speed improvement.
Synergetic effects of nano-SiO2/glycerol on the electrical and optical properties of PVA for embedded electronics and optical applications
Authors: Mousa Emad , Taha Eman O.
Published: September 2022

The present study aims to prepare a low-cost, eco-friendly, free-standing film with optimized physical properties. A PVA composite of hard-soft hybrid filler ratio 1:3 (nSiO2:Gl) is prepared by casting. Dynamic mechanical analyses are processed in the frequency range (0.01–9 Hz). Moreover, dielectric studies are performed in the frequency range (50 Hz–5 MHz). Herein, the modified Jonscher equation and electric modulus formalism are used to explain the results. Transmittance and reflectance of studied samples are measured in the UV–Vis range (200–700 nm). Detailed discussions of band structure, refractive index, and optoelectronic parameters are addressed. Remarkably, the results showed that mechanical and electrical properties of PVA can be tuned by careful modulation of glycerol content, whereas optical properties are more sensitive to nSiO2 content. Finally, FTIR and SEM structural analyses investigate the induced structural changes in PVA.
Cross-shelf overturning in geostrophic-stress-dominant coastal fronts
Authors: Yuan Nan , Mitsudera Humio
Published: September 2022

Compared to the dynamics of the predominantly geostrophic along-shelf current, our understanding of the cross-shelf dynamics in the Sea of Okhotsk is inadequate despite their importance in water mixing and nutrient entrainment. We investigated the cross-shelf overturning circulation along the East Sakhalin Current, which is a source of nutrients such as iron for the western North Pacific. Here, we reveal that the cross-shelf circulation during winter is characterised by a nearshore upwelling and a shelf-break downwelling under a downwelling-favourable monsoon wind, contrary to a classical Ekman overturning (EOT). This reverse EOT is driven by the internal water stress, which is caused by intensive vertical mixing and geostrophic vertical shear in the shelf-break front produced by riverine discharges from the far-eastern Eurasian Continent. The EOT blocks the Ekman onshore transport from the open ocean, thereby producing a deep mixed layer at the shelf break. Scaling analyses indicate the applicability of this mechanism to various other shelf-break fronts.
Does the Integration of Migrants in the Host Society Raise COVID-19 Vaccine Acceptance? Evidence From a Nationwide Survey in Japan
Authors: Teng Yuanyuan , Hanibuchi Tomoya , Nakaya Tomoki
Published: September 2022

Research indicates that integration contributes to maintaining health among migrants, yet little is known about the association between integration and vaccination acceptance. This study aimed to explore COVID-19 vaccine intention and acceptance, and the association between integration and vaccine hesitancy among migrants in Japan. We conducted an internet survey among migrants in Japan from October 5 to October 14, 2021. Among 1,455 participants, 11.6% reported hesitancy toward COVID-19 vaccination. We found that the overall integration and social integration were associated with the vaccination intention. Some commonly identified barriers (e.g., financial difficulties, language) were not related to COVID-19 vaccination acceptance among migrants in Japan. Highly integrated migrants were less likely to report vaccine hesitancy against COVID-19. To promote COVID-19 acceptance among migrants, customized intervention policies should focus on the migrants with a lower level of integration, especially those with little social connection with the locals.
Recent studies of the molecular mechanism of lusitropy due to phosphorylation of cardiac troponin I by protein kinase A
Authors: Marston Steven
Published: September 2022

Ca2+ acts on troponin and tropomyosin to switch the thin filament on and off, however in cardiac muscle a more graded form of regulation is essential to tailor cardiac output to the body’s needs. This is achieved by the action of adrenaline on β1 receptors of heart muscle cells leading to enhanced contractility, faster heart rate and faster relaxation (lusitropy) via activation of the cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase, PKA. PKA phosphorylates serines 22 and 23 in the N-terminal peptide of cardiac troponin I. As a consequence the rate of Ca2+release from troponin is increased. This is the key determinant of lusitropy. The molecular mechanism of this process has remained unknown long after the mechanism of the troponin Ca2+ switch itself was defined. Investigation of this subtle process at the atomic level poses a challenge, since the change in Ca2+-sensitivity is only about twofold and key parts of the troponin modulation and regulation system are disordered and cannot be fully resolved by conventional structural approaches. We will review recent studies using molecular dynamics simulations together with functional, cryo-em and NMR techniques that have started to give us a precise picture of how phosphorylation of troponin I modulates the dynamics of troponin to produce the lusitropic effect.
Circulating expression and clinical significance of LncRNA ANRIL in diabetic kidney disease
Authors: Zhu Yanting , Dai Lixia , Yu Xiangyou , Chen Xintian , Li Zhenjiang , Sun Yan , Liang Yan , Wu Bing , Wang Qiong , Wang Xiaoming
Published: September 2022

Background

Long noncoding RNA ANRIL has been found to be involved in the pathogenesis of diabetic kidney disease (DKD) and is expected to be a new target for prevention of DKD. However, the circulating expression and clinical significance of ANRIL in DKD patients is uncertain. This study aims to explore this issue.

Methods

The study consisted of 20 healthy controls, 22 T2DM patients (normalbuminuria) and 66 DKD patients (grouped as follows: microalbuminuria, n = 23; macroalbuminuria, n = 22 and renal dysfunction, n = 21). The expressions of ANRIL in peripheral whole blood of all participants were measured by RT-qPCR.

Results

The expression of ANRIL was significantly up-regulated in DKD patients (microalbuminuria, macroalbuminuria and renal dysfunction groups) than that in healthy control group. ANRIL was also over-expressed in macroalbuminuria and renal dysfunction groups in comparison with normalbuminuria group. ANRIL expression was positively correlated with Scr, BUN, CysC, urine β2-MG and urine α1-MG; while negatively correlated with eGFR in DKD patients. In addition, ANRIL was the risk factor for DKD with OR value of 1.681. The AUC of ANRIL in identifying DKD was 0.922, and the sensitivity and specificity of DKD diagnosis were 83.3% and 90.5%, respectively.

Conclusion

Our results indicated that highly expressed ANRIL in peripheral blood is associated with progression of DKD. Circulating ANRIL is an independent risk factor of DKD and has a highly predictive value in identifying DKD.
Universities involvement in patent litigation: an analysis of the characteristics of US litigated patents
Authors: Ascione Grazia Sveva , Ciucci Laura , Detotto Claudio , Sterzi Valerio
Published: September 2022

Some recent patent infringement litigations initiated by universities have resulted in multi-million dollar damages and have attracted public attention and stimulated research especially among law scholars. In this paper, we build a brand new database that include patents filed by universities at the United States and Trademark Office (USPTO), their characteristics and, eventually, the information about whether they have been used in infringements lawsuits by universities in the years 1990–2019. Our study is articulated in two parts. First, we show that, although it is still a quite rare phenomenon, patent litigation involving universities has been significantly growing in the last 2 decades. Second, we study the characteristics of university patents that have been litigated vis-à-vis non-litigated university patents. In this respect, we find that public universities and non-US universities are less inclined to litigate their patents compared to private and US universities. In addition, we also find that patent quality is an important determinant in the decision of university litigation. This result holds for patents in the Electrical Engineering sector, which is traditionally prone to opportunistic litigation, and no matter what type of university involved (public vs private, or US vs non-US).
The state does not live by warfare alone: War and revenue in the long nineteenth century
Authors: Goenaga Agustín , Sabaté Oriol , Teorell Jan
Published: September 2022

Previous research shows that wars contributed to the expansion of state revenues in the Early Modern period and in the twentieth century. There are, however, few cross-national studies on the long nineteenth century. Using new unbalanced panel data on wars and public revenues from 1816 to 1913 for 27 American and European countries, this article provides new evidence that military conflicts very rarely triggered lasting increases in public revenues during those years. We argue that the uneven diffusion of military innovations reduced the probability that international wars would be sufficiently intense to push state actors to seek additional resources. Moreover, the distinction between international and civil wars was blurred by the opportunities for non-state actors to mobilize military forces comparable to those of the state. Therefore, only very intense international and civil wars had a lasting impact on state revenues, but such conflicts were extremely rare, both in Europe and the Americas.
Eine hohe Lebensqualität reduziert depressive Symptome von Maßregelvollzugspatientinnen und -patienten
Authors: Bortenschlager Ferdinand , Büsselmann Michael , Wolstein Jörg
Published: September 2022

Einleitung

Die restriktiven Unterbringungsbedingungen im Maßregelvollzug beeinflussen die Lebensqualität und Depressivität der Untergebrachten und damit die psychische Gesundheit und den Behandlungserfolg therapeutischer Maßnahmen.

Ziele

Ziel der Arbeit ist es, eine Übersicht über die Lebensqualität und die Belastung durch depressive Symptome aus Patientensicht zu erhalten. Es soll analysiert werden, welche Bereiche der Lebensqualität im Zusammenhang mit Depressivität stehen, und ob die Dauer der Maßregel Einfluss auf die Depressivität der Untergebrachten nimmt.

Methode

Die Lebensqualität wurde mittels einer an die Gegebenheiten des Maßregelvollzugs adaptierten Version des Fragebogens Measuring the Quality of Prison Life (MQPL) erhoben. Depressivität wurde anhand der Allgemeinen Depressionsskala (ADS) erfragt. Insgesamt nahmen N = 73 Personen an der Studie teil.

Ergebnisse

Die Lebensqualität wurde im Mittel als positiv bewertet. Am höchsten wurde die Beziehung zum therapeutischen Personal eingeschätzt. Es zeigten sich signifikante Unterschiede in der Lebensqualität zwischen depressiv auffälligen und nichtauffälligen Untergebrachten. Die Dauer der Unterbringung war signifikanter Prädiktor für die Depressionswerte suchterkrankter Untergebrachter.

Fazit

Lebensqualität und Depressivität stehen in signifikant negativem Zusammenhang. Zur Verbesserung der Unterbringungs- und Versorgungsqualität sollte das Klinikpersonal die Lebensqualität der Untergebrachten in den identifizierten Bereichen bestmöglich fördern und besonders zum Aufnahmezeitpunkt sowie bei längeren Behandlungsdauern depressive Symptome identifizieren und behandeln. Hierbei sollte ein Augenmerk auf das Erreichen einer stabilen therapeutischen Allianz gelegt werden.
The role of LncRNA LBX2-AS1 in cancers: functions, mechanisms and potential clinical utility
Authors: Su Yuanshuai , Li Chengzhi , Fang Yu , Gu Xinyu , Zheng Qiuxian , Lu Juan , Li Lanjuan
Published: September 2022

Increasingly advanced biology technique has revealed that long non-coding RNAs (lncRNA) as critical factors that exert significant regulatory effects on biological functions by modulating gene transcription, epigenetic modifications and protein translation. A newly emerging lncRNA, ladybird homeobox 2 (LBX2)-antisense RNA 1 (LBX2-AS1), was found to be highly expressed in various tumors. Moreover, it is functionally linked to the regulation of essential tumor-related biological processes, such as cell proliferation and apoptosis, through interactions with multiple signaling molecules/pathways. The important roles played by LBX2-AS1 in cancer initiation and progression suggest that this lncRNA has enormous clinical potential for use as a novel biomarker or therapeutic target. In this article, we retrospectively review the latest advances in research exploring the roles of the lncRNA LBX2-AS1 in oncology field, highlighting its involvement in a comprehensive network of molecular mechanisms underlying diverse cancers and examining its potential applications in clinical practice.
Pharmacogenomics deliberations of 2-deoxy-d-glucose in the treatment of COVID-19 disease: an in silico approach
Authors: Prabhu Navya B. , Vinay Chigateri M. , Satyamoorthy Kapaettu , Rai Padmalatha S.
Published: September 2022

The outbreak of COVID-19 caused by the coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) prompted number of computational and laboratory efforts to discover molecules against the virus entry or replication. Simultaneously, due to the availability of clinical information, drug-repurposing efforts led to the discovery of 2-deoxy-d-glucose (2-DG) for treating COVID-19 infection. 2-DG critically accumulates in the infected cells to prevent energy production and viral replication. As there is no clarity on the impact of genetic variations on the efficacy and adverse effects of 2-DG in treating COVID-19 using in silico approaches, we attempted to extract the genes associated with the 2-DG pathway using the Comparative Toxicogenomics Database. The interaction between selected genes was assessed using ClueGO, to identify the susceptible gene loci for SARS-CoV infections. Further, SNPs that were residing in the distinct genomic regions were retrieved from the Ensembl genome browser and characterized. A total of 80 SNPs were retrieved using diverse bioinformatics resources after assessing their (a) detrimental influence on the protein stability using Swiss-model, (b) miRNA regulation employing miRNASNP3, PolymiRTS, MirSNP databases, (c) binding of transcription factors by SNP2TFBS, SNPInspector, and (d) enhancers regulation using EnhancerDB and HaploReg reported A2M rs201769751, PARP1 rs193238922 destabilizes protein, six polymorphisms of XIAP effecting microRNA binding sites, EGFR rs712829 generates 15 TFBS, BECN1 rs60221525, CASP9 rs4645980, SLC2A2 rs5393 impairs 14 TFBS, STK11 rs3795063 altered 19 regulatory motifs. These data may provide the relationship between genetic variations and drug effects of 2-DG which may further assist in assigning the right individuals to benefit from the treatment.
Cowpea mild mottle virus, a sometimes problem for French bean crops
Authors: Gambley C. , Nimmo P. , Persley D. , Steele V. , Sharman M. , Campbell P.
Published: September 2022

A carlavirus, closely related to cowpea mild mottle virus (CPMMV) and spread by silverleaf whitefly (SLW) was reported affecting fresh market beans in a major Australian growing district in 2016. Further investigations of this virus were completed through regular surveys of crops, weeds and SLW in this district from 2016–2019. Sequencing of the 3'end of the virus genome from a range of samples detected four variants, referred to as CPMMV:A:FB5288 and CPMMV:A:S1 to S3. The distribution of these four variants in survey samples showed the dominant variant in French bean crops as CPMMV:A:FB5288. The surveys also showed disease impacts were limited to autumn and varied over time. This variation is attributed to the influence of rainfall on adult insect vector levels. The experimental host range of CPMMV:A:FB5288 was shown to be limited to the Phaseoleae plant tribe and included the Australian native species, Glycine canescens. French bean varieties showed a range of susceptibilities to this dominant sequence variant from highly tolerant to very susceptible. The tolerant varieties provide the local industry with some options for disease management where previously there were none. Genetic diversity studies further highlight the need for taxonomic reform of the species referred to as CPMMV.
Porosity estimation by neural networks for CO2 storage in Otway site
Authors: Cheong Snons , Yelisetti Subbarao , Park Chan-Hee
Published: September 2022

Dynamic simulation of CO2 migration requires a variety of modeling parameters fed by geomechanical models. The confidence of these parameters of material groups such as porosity and permeability is crucial in achieving successful simulations. Based on the geomechanical and geophysical parameters, we estimated porosity distributions on the Paaratte Formation in the Otway site, one of the CO2 storage project in Australia. Considering the nonlinear relations between porosity logs and seismic data, we applied the neural network scheme that addresses the porosity value across a whole domain. With only one monitoring well and two injection wells at the site, seismic data are used to restore the spatial absence in porosity. The technique of the neural network was conducted based on the integration of the well logs to the seismic volume and the inversion of acoustic impedance. The results indicated that a correlation value of the well and the seismic tie is 75% and the value between the recorded and the estimated porosity is 87% on average. Further, the time slice maps of porosity at a depth of the injection interval demonstrated a CO2 plume developed in the Paaratte formation of the Otway site.
Classification of COVID19 Patients Using Robust Logistic Regression
Authors: Ghosh Abhik , Jaenada María , Pardo Leandro
Published: September 2022

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID19) has triggered a global pandemic affecting millions of people. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) causing the COVID-19 disease is hypothesized to gain entry into humans via the airway epithelium, where it initiates a host response. The expression levels of genes at the upper airway that interact with the SARS-CoV-2 could be a telltale sign of virus infection. However, gene expression data have been flagged as suspicious of containing different contamination errors via techniques for extracting such information, and clinical diagnosis may contain labelling errors due to the specificity and sensitivity of diagnostic tests. We propose to fit the regularized logistic regression model as a classifier for COVID-19 diagnosis, which simultaneously identifies genes related to the disease and predicts the COVID-19 cases based on the expression values of the selected genes. We apply a robust estimating methods based on the density power divergence to obtain stable results ignoring the effects of contamination or labelling errors in the data and compare its performance with respect to the classical maximum likelihood estimator with different penalties, including the LASSO and the general adaptive LASSO penalties.
Neue Literatur zu Verschwörungstheorien
Authors: Bührer Werner
Published: September 2022

Der Aufsatz gibt einen Überblick über neuere Arbeiten zu Verschwörungstheorien. Ausgehend von der in der einschlägigen Forschung geteilten Erkenntnis, dass politische, sozioökonomische und kulturelle Krisen einen günstigen Nährboden für solche Theorien bilden, wird zunächst dargestellt, wie sich die weltweit grassierende COVID-19-Pandemie auf das Verschwörungsdenken auswirkte – und zwar anhand einiger Neuerscheinungen, die dem Genre der „Verschwörungsliteratur“ zuzurechnen sind. Im Anschluss werden Handbücher vorgestellt, welche den State of the Art der Forschung repräsentieren, sowie Arbeiten, die sich mit Verschwörungserzählungen in der Alltags- und Populärkultur beschäftigen. Danach wird die Rolle von Verschwörungstheorien in verschiedenen politisch extremen Milieus beleuchtet: „Reichsbürger“, Rechtsextremisten und -populisten sowie „Querdenker“. Es folgen eine geschichtswissenschaftliche Studie und ethnografisch-kulturwissenschaftliche Arbeiten, die dafür plädieren, sich einer eigene Überzeugungen infrage stellenden Wirklichkeit zu öffnen. Den Abschluss bilden einige Ratschläge zum Umgang mit entsprechenden Erzählungen und eine kurze Erörterung der Frage, ob man angesichts der Relativierung des Wahrheitsbegriffs durch Produzenten und Multiplikatoren von Verschwörungstheorien besser auf diesen Begriff verzichten sollte. Alles in allem lässt sich konstatieren, dass bislang nur wenige Arbeiten zum Thema auf eigenen empirischen Erhebungen etwa zum Selbstverständnis, zur Motivation oder zum soziodemografischen Hintergrund der Anhänger_innen von Verschwörungstheorien basieren.
Social integration of translocated wildlife: a case study of rehabilitated and released elephant calves in northern Kenya
Authors: Goldenberg Shifra Z. , Chege Stephen M. , Mwangi Nelson , Craig Ian , Daballen David , Douglas-Hamilton Iain , Lamberski Nadine , Lenaipa Moses , Lendira Reuben , Lesowapir Colman , Lokooria Lekilia P. , Mutinda Mathew , Omengo Fred , Rowe Katie , Stacy-Dawes Jenna , Wittemyer George , Owen Megan A.
Published: September 2022

Conservation translocations have the potential to strengthen populations of threatened and endangered species, but facilitating integration of translocated individuals with resident populations remains a substantial challenge. Developing functional social relationships like cooperative partnerships or establishing clear dominance hierarchies may be critical to integration of released individuals. Developing such relationships has not received much attention in translocation research, especially for long-lived, socially complex animals for which establishment and navigation of social environments is often a lengthy process that requires sustained monitoring to understand. Here, we present a case study of the social associations of African savannah elephant (Loxodonta africana) calves that have been rehabilitated and released into a fenced wildlife sanctuary in northern Kenya with a resident population of elephants. We use focal follows of interactions pre-release and GPS tracking post-release to quantify social associations of calves with each other and with resident elephants at the release site. We demonstrate how this approach supports translocation monitoring by capturing temporal trends in social patterns within and between release cohorts and among released elephants and wild elephants already resident at the site during a transitional soft release period. Our results show that initial post-release social behavior of rehabilitated calves is related to histories of interaction with familiar individuals and cohort membership and that released calves increased their associations with residents over time. This information provides new behavioral insights for guiding elephant release projects, like the strength of relationships within and among release cohorts, the time to integration with the resident population, and the occurrence and increased incidence of societal fission–fusion. Further, this study provides an example of the utility of animal behavior research to achieve and assess progress towards conservation objectives, and to develop monitoring tools for conservation managers.
Pankreaszysten: nicht gesucht, aber gefunden – was nun?
Authors: Heinrich Henriette , Kahl Stefan
Published: September 2022

Zystische Pankreasläsionen und zystische Pankreasneoplasien (PCN) haben mit bis zu 49 % eine hohe Prävalenz in der Allgemeinbevölkerung. Bei einer Pankreaskarzinominzidenz von 7,6/100.000 in der Allgemeinbevölkerung in Europa wird deutlich, dass nur ein Bruchteil der Patienten mit PCN langfristig ein Karzinom entwickeln wird. Die Zystengrösse, Verbindung zum Hauptgang sowie die Dilatation des Pankreasgangs sind zusammen mit der Analyse der Zystenflüssigkeit wichtige, jedoch nicht ausreichend sensitive und spezifische Marker zur Bestimmung der Dignität von PCN. Aktuell fehlen weiterhin verlässliche Biomarker zur sicheren Risikostratifizierung zystischer Pankreasläsionen, was die Durchführung einer Surveillance bei Patienten mit PCN, solange eine Operabilität besteht, unerlässlich macht.
NEW LOSS RESERVE MODELS WITH PERSISTENCE EFFECTS TO FORECAST TRAPEZOIDAL LOSSES IN RUN-OFF TRIANGLES
Authors: Usman Farha , Chan Jennifer S.K.
Published: September 2022

Modelling loss reserve data in run-off triangles is challenging due to the complex but unknown dynamics in the claim/loss process. Popular loss reserve models describe the mean process through development year, accident year, and calendar year effects using the analysis of variance and covariance (ANCOVA) models. We propose to include in the mean function the persistence terms in the conditional autoregressive range model for modelling the persistence of claim across development years. In the ANCOVA model, we adopt linear trends for the accident and calendar year effects and a quadratic trend for the development year effect. We investigate linear or log-transformed mean functions and four distributions, namely generalised beta type 2, generalised gamma, Weibull, and exponential extension, with positive support to enhance the model flexibility. The proposed models are implemented using the Bayesian user-friendly package Stan running in the R environment. Results show that the models with log-transformed mean function and persistence terms provide better model fits. Lastly, the best model is applied to forecast partial loss reserve and calendar year reserve for three years.
Temperature-dependent wall slip of Newtonian lubricants
Authors: Pelz Peter F. , Corneli Tobias , Mehrnia Seyedmajid , Kuhr Maximilian M.G.
Published: September 2022

We discuss (i) the measurement, (ii) interpretation and (iii) technical impact of temperature-dependent wall slip and its activation energy for polar and non-polar hydrocarbon Newtonian fluids moving relative to machined metal surfaces. A newly developed apparatus, the slip length tribometer (SLT), overcomes the drawbacks of existing measurement devices in terms of characterising relevant rough surfaces by measuring the slip length at different temperatures over a sufficiently large wetted area. The experimental data show that the bulk viscosity and slip length at the fluid–metal interface is independent of the shear rate up to

$10^5\,\mathrm {s}^{-1}$

, being consistent with recent results from molecular dynamics simulations by Mehrnia & Pelz (J. Mol. Liq., vol. 336, 2021, 116589). Furthermore, the activation energies for wall slip and bulk shear determined by means of the SLT differ by a factor of two, i.e.

$E_{\lambda }\approx 0.5 E_\mu$

for non-polar hydrocarbon molecules sliding relative to metal walls. This difference is explained by a generalised Eyring model applied to wall slip. The paper closes with the impact of wall slip on Sommerfeld's similarity theory of tribology and the resulting Stribeck curve (Sommerfeld, Z. Math. Phys., vol. 50, 1904, pp. 97–155; Z. Tech. Phys., vol. 2. Jahrg., 1921; Mechanik der deformierbaren Medien, 1944, Akademische Verlagsgesellschaft Becker & Erler). For this purpose, Reynolds’ equation generalised for wall slip is solved in combination with the experimentally determined constitutive relations for bulk shear and wall slip to predict typical characteristics of journal bearings. The results show that, for a typical journal bearing, where the ratio of slip length to average bearing clearance is of the order of

$10^{-2}$

, the influence of wall slip on both load-carrying capacity and dissipation is not negligible. This work combines nanofluidics and tribology in order to provide methods and knowledge for e.g. tailor-made fluids and interfaces.
Assessing the relative influence of party unity on vote choice: evidence from a conjoint experiment
Authors: Lehrer Roni , Stöckle Pirmin , Juhl Sebastian
Published: September 2022

Observational studies and anecdotal evidence suggest that party unity improves a party's electoral performance. Yet, due to a lack of experimental evidence, the causal standing of these findings remains unclear. Moreover, party unity manifests in various ways and we do not know how much different types of party unity affect the vote. Relying on a conjoint experiment implemented in a probability-based survey of the German population, our study unveils the distinct causal effect of different forms of party unity on vote choice. We further establish that appearing united can compensate for substantive policy distances between parties and voters. These findings have important implications for our understanding of how citizens vote and how intra-party politics affects the political representation of citizens in democracies.
Triacylglycerol fingerprint of sow milks during different lactation stages and from different breeds
Authors: Ren Cuirong , Jin Jun , Zhang Yanbing , Jin Qingzhe , Wang Xingguo
Published: September 2022

Sow milk fats not only provide energy but also essential nutrients for piglets. Thus, feeding strategies must be aligned with fat composition, especially triacylglycerols (TAGs) and their isomers. The triacylglycerol (TAG) profiles of sow milk fats from five typical breeds (Landrace × Large White, Landrace, Large White, Duroc, Pietrain) and two lactation stages (colostrum and milk) were systematically studied. A total of 45 major TAG species were identified using ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry. The most abundant TAG was oleic acid-palmitic acid-linoleic acid (O-P-L) (13.92% and 12.03% in colostrum and milk, respectively), which was not significantly different in colostrum among all breeds. TAG composition of sow milk was affected mainly by the lactation stage rather than sow breed. Furthermore, TAG compositions of sow milk fats were similar to those of human milk fats, but significant differences were observed between commercial piglet formulas and sow milk. Therefore, the results will contribute to the optimization of piglet formulas to improve the growth and wellness of piglets, as well as potentially providing a basis for food usage as a new source of nutrients for human infants in future.
A Novel Cryogenic Adhesive Retaining Fluidity at Dry-Ice Temperature for Low-Temperature Scanning Electron Microscopy
Authors: Okada Satoshi , Chen Chong
Published: September 2022

Scanning electron microscopy operated at cryogenic temperature (cryo-SEM) is a powerful tool for investigating surface and cross-sectional nanostructures of water-containing samples. Typically, cryo-SEM samples are frozen just before observation in specific metal carriers. However, pre-frozen samples are also of interest, such as frozen food and freeze-stored animal samples. In such cases, sample mounting with a defined orientation is required, but there has been a lack of ideal conductive adhesives that can be used without increasing the sample temperature. Here, we developed a mixture of graphite oxide and 1,3-butanediol as an adhesive, capable of gluing samples at dry-ice temperature and is frozen below that temperature. Dispersion of graphite oxide increased the conductivity and reduced the charge-up contrast. Acquisition of energy-dispersive X-ray spectrum, cross-sectional ion milling, and high-resolution imaging were successfully achieved using the adhesive. We tested and confirmed the usefulness of this new adhesive by applying it to cryo-SEM surface imaging of diatomite, freeze-fractured cross-sectional imaging of chicken liver, and ion milling cross-sectional imaging of a deep-sea snail. The new adhesive is not only useful for food science and field-preserved biological samples but also potentially applicable to wider fields such as archaeological and biological samples preserved under permafrost.
LPS- and LTA-Induced Expression of TLR4, MyD88, and TNF-α in Lymph Nodes of the Akkaraman and Romanov Lambs
Authors: Alan Aydın , Alan Emel , Arslan Korhan , Daldaban Fadime , Aksel Esma Gamze , Çınar Mehmet Ulaş , Akyüz Bilal
Published: September 2022

Toll-like receptor (TLR)-mediated inflammatory processes play a critical role in the innate immune response during the initial interaction between the infecting microorganism and immune cells. This study aimed to investigate the possible microanatomical and histological differences in mandibular and bronchial lymph nodes in Akkaraman and Romanov lambs induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and lipoteichoic acid (LTA) and study the gene, protein, and immunoexpression levels of TLR4, myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88), and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) that are involved in the immune system. Microanatomical examinations demonstrated more intense lymphocyte infiltration in the bronchial lymph nodes of Akkaraman lambs in the LPS and LTA groups compared to Romanov lambs. TLR4, MyD88, and TNF-α immunoreactivities were more intense in the experimental groups of both breeds. Expression levels of MyD88 and TNF-α genes in the bronchial lymph node of Akkaraman lambs were found to increase statistically significantly in the LTA group. TLR4 gene expression level in the mandibular lymph node was found to be statistically significantly higher in the LTA + LPS group. In conclusion, dynamic changes in the immune cell populations involved in response to antigens such as LTA and LPS in the lymph nodes of both breeds can be associated with the difference in the expression level of the TLR4/MyD88/TNF-α genes.
Formal Models of Authoritarian Regimes: A Critique
Authors: Przeworski Adam
Published: September 2022

The very idea that authoritarian regimes (“autocracies”) may enjoy popular support is hard to fathom for democrats. Models of authoritarian regimes often entail tacit ideological assumptions, and many are driven by methodological fashions. They ignore the efforts of rulers to provide what people value. The psychology they assume is inadequate to predict actions. They are often too abstract to generate testable predictions. “Support” for any regime is difficult to assess.
Neurobiological Changes in Posttraumatic Stress Disorder and Their Reversibility by Psychotherapy
Authors: Fischer Susanne , Schumacher Sarah , Daniels Judith
Published: September 2022

Abstract. Background: Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a debilitating illness associated with distressing symptoms and a high societal burden. Objective: To investigate the neurobiological underpinnings of PTSD to improve our understanding of this disorder and its treatment. Methods: This article reviews currently researched mechanisms that can explain the development of PTSD symptoms. It presents key findings on neural (i. e., brain functioning and brain structure), neuroendocrine (i. e., noradrenergic and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis activity), and related (epi)‌genetic changes in individuals with PTSD. Furthermore, it presents preliminary research examining the reversibility of these alterations during psychotherapeutic treatment. Results: PTSD is characterized by specific neurobiological alterations, with preliminary findings indicating that at least some of these may normalize during psychotherapy. Discussion: A multidimensional perspective on the development, maintenance, and treatment of PTSD has the potential to improve our understanding of the causal processes underlying the disorder and may ultimately inform the conception of novel treatments.
Stabilität und Prädiktion von Prüfungsangst bei Studierenden
Authors: Sommer Klara , Odenwald Michael , Fehm Lydia
Published: September 2022

Zusammenfassung. Theoretischer Hintergrund: Obwohl Prüfungsangst ein häufiges Anliegen in psychologischen Beratungsstellen ist, wissen wir wenig über ihren zeitlichen Verlauf sowie über Risikofaktoren für hohe Prüfungsangst kurz vor den Prüfungen. Fragestellung: Diese Studie untersucht, ob sich die Intensität von Prüfungsangst während eines Semesters verändert und wie Personen mit hoher Belastung kurz vor der Prüfung früh identifiziert werden können. Methodik: Zu Beginn und kurz vor den Prüfungen des Wintersemesters 2014/15 wurden Prüfungsangst, Depressivität und Prokrastination bei 427 Studierenden (88.3 % Erstsemester; 68.4 % weiblich; Altersdurchschnitt 20.0 Jahre) erfasst. Ergebnisse: Die Analyse auf Einzelfallebene zeigte, dass sich die Prüfungsangst bei den meisten Studierenden nicht signifikant veränderte. Bei der Vorhersage der Prüfungsangst zum Semesterende stellten Prüfungsangst und Depressivität zu Semesterbeginn signifikante Prädiktoren dar. Diese wurden anhand von 80 % der Gesamtstichprobe ermittelt und an den anderen 20 % validiert. Schlussfolgerungen: Erhöhte Prüfungsangst und Depressivität zu Semesterbeginn können die frühe Identifikation von Studierenden mit bedeutsamer Prüfungsangst kurz vor Prüfungen ermöglichen.
Creativity and Interdisciplinarity
Authors: Darbellay Frédéric
Published: September 2022

Abstract. While creativity is increasingly being promoted in educational, economic, social, and cultural discourse as a 21st-century skill, there is still plenty of room for progress in actual practices in these different areas where conformism and standardization remain traditionally important. In order to understand the issues of creativity, including its potentialities and resistance to its acceptance, this article addresses the creative process in all its multidimensional complexity. The field of Creativity studies strongly favors the psychological approach to tackle its complexity, but it also opens up to a fertile dialog with a range of other viewpoints, such as sociological, anthropological, cultural, economic, and so forth. This contribution looks at Creativity studies from an interdisciplinary perspective. Based on epistemological advances in the field of inter- and transdisciplinary studies, creativity is viewed as a complex subject of study across several disciplines. To complement this approach, interdisciplinary work is itself conceived as a creative process that acts between and beyond disciplinary boundaries. The interface between interdisciplinarity and creativity is also considered in conclusion from the angle of the specific characteristics and skills shared by people who implement creative interdisciplinary activities.
Analyzing the Spatiotemporal Patterns of Forests Carbon Sink and Sources Between 2000 and 2019
Authors: Alaniz Alberto J. , Carvajal Mario A. , Marquet Pablo A. , Vergara Pablo M. , Meneses Luis , Moreira‐Arce Darío
Published: September 2022

Here we present a global time‐series of global forest above ground biomass from 2000 to 2019, analyzing spatiotemporal patterns of carbon balance, accounting for losses and gains. We generated a global Above‐Ground Biomass (AGB) map for the year 2000 and assessed its correlation with different satellite products. We generated a multi‐year analysis of AGB changes at the pixel level was generated, estimating carbon (C) loss and gain. Finally, we estimated the C losses due to forest clearing and wildfires analyzing their trends across biomes and countries. Our results show that the global mean annual loss was 2.88 ± 0.33 PgC yr−1, while global mean C gain was 2.95 ± 0.43 PgC yr−1, resulting in a neutral to sink behavior of −0.06 ± 0.58 PgC yr−1. The mean annual C loss by forest clearing was 1.04 ± 0.03 PgC yr−1, with an increasing trend of +0.03 ± 0.01 PgC yr−1. Eight biomes and 54 countries showed a significant increasing trend of C loss by forest clearing. Wildfires C losses reached 0.351 ± 0.02 Pg C yr−1, representing the 33.71% of forest clearing C losses. Boreal forest presented the highest C losses from wildfires, while significant increasing trends were evidenced in five biomes. We also find increasing trends of wildfire C loss in 20 countries while decreasing trends were identified in 10 countries. Our findings highlight the importance of designing strong policies to halt deforestation as agreed in the recent COP26 and provide information to identify priority areas to start implementing these policies in the short term.
Capturing Ocean Turbulence at the Underbelly of Sea Ice
Authors: Stanley Sarah
Published: September 2022

A specially designed instrument enabled researchers in the Arctic to measure turbulence within 1 meter of the interface where ice meets ocean.
Radar Backscatter and Emissivity Models of Proposed Pyroclastic Density Current Deposits on Venus
Authors: Ganesh Indujaa , Carter Lynn M. , Henz Triana N.
Published: September 2022

Magellan synthetic aperture radar observations of Venus revealed a small number of deposits in the highland regions that were suggested to have formed from pyroclastic density currents. Studying these deposits is useful for understanding the nature of pyroclastic activity and eruptive history on Venus. The proposed pyroclastic deposits occupy the uppermost unit in local stratigraphy and are found near exceptionally high reflectivity (∼0.6) units in the highlands. Their radar properties include high copolarized backscatter (∼−8 to −15 dB) and moderate emissivity values (∼0.70–0.88) in the 12.6 cm wavelength Magellan data acquired at incidence angles between ∼15° and 45°. We aim to characterize the structure of these deposits by modeling the observed backscatter and emissivity as a function of different physical and dielectric properties and shallow subsurface stratigraphy. Three different physical scenarios focusing on three different scattering mechanisms—surface scattering, subsurface scattering from buried dielectric horizons, and volume scattering from buried, distributed scatterers—are considered. By comparing the model results to Magellan observations, we narrow down likely pyroclastic deposit structures. We show that the deposits are likely analogous to dense, welded ignimbrites with high surface roughness. We also investigate other possible but less likely scenarios of a thin, low‐density, low‐loss mantling pyroclastic deposit on top of high reflectivity units and a thick, low‐density, low‐loss deposit with ∼5–10 volume % of scatterers of sub‐wavelength size. Future multiwavelength, multipolarization radar observations from VERITAS and EnVision may enable unambiguous characterization of these deposits.
Intact Polar brGDGTs in Arctic Lake Catchments: Implications for Lipid Sources and Paleoclimate Applications
Authors: Raberg Jonathan H. , Flores Edgart , Crump Sarah E. , de Wet Greg , Dildar Nadia , Miller Gifford H. , Geirsdóttir Áslaug , Sepúlveda Julio
Published: September 2022

Paleotemperature histories derived from lake sediment archives provide valuable context for modern and future climate changes. Branched glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraether (brGDGT) lipids are a valuable tool in such pursuits due to their empirical correlation with temperature and near ubiquity in nature. However, the relative contributions of terrestrial and lacustrine sources of brGDGTs to lake sediments is site‐dependent and difficult to constrain. Here, we explored the potential for intact brGDGTs—the complete lipids with polar head groups (HGs) still attached—to provide insight into the sources of brGDGTs on the landscape and their contributions to the sedimentary record in a set of Arctic lakes. We measured core and intact brGDGTs in soils, surface and downcore sediments, water filtrates, and sediment traps across five lake catchments in the Eastern Canadian Arctic, with an emphasis on Lake Qaupat (QPT), Baffin Island. Soils were dominated by brGDGTs with a monoglycosyl (1G) HG, while lacustrine samples contained more phosphohexose (PH) brGDGTs, providing evidence for in situ brGDGT production in both settings. Core‐ and PH‐brGDGT‐IIIa were more abundant in sediments than in the soils or water column, implying an additional post‐depositional source of brGDGTs. A hierarchical clustering analysis indicated that core brGDGTs in Lake QPT sediments were largely lacustrine in origin, while 1G‐brGDGTs were primarily soil‐derived. Additionally, we found evidence for preservation of intact brGDGTs—especially 1G‐brGDGTs—downcore on thousand‐year timespans, though in situ production deeper in the sediment column cannot be ruled out. Finally, we explored the possibility of reconstructing 1G‐brGDGT‐derived soil temperatures and core‐brGDGT‐derived lake temperatures in tandem from sedimentary archives.
Clusterin negatively modulates mechanical stress-mediated ligamentum flavum hypertrophy through TGF-β1 signaling
Authors: Liu Chunlei , Li Peng , Ao Xiang , Lian Zhengnan , Liu Jie , Li Chenglong , Huang Minjun , Wang Liang , Zhang Zhongmin
Published: September 2022

Ligamentum flavum hypertrophy (LFH) is a major cause of lumbar spinal canal stenosis (LSCS). The pathomechanisms for LFH have not been fully elucidated. Isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation (iTRAQ) technology, proteomics assessments of human ligamentum flavum (LF), and successive assays were performed to explore the effect of clusterin (CLU) upregulation on LFH pathogenesis. LFH samples exhibited higher cell positive rates of the CLU, TGF-β1, α-SMA, ALK5 and p-SMAD3 proteins than non-LFH samples. Mechanical stress and TGF-β1 initiated CLU expression in LF cells. Notably, CLU inhibited the expression of mechanical stress-stimulated and TGF-β1-stimulated COL1A2 and α-SMA. Mechanistic studies showed that CLU inhibited mechanical stress-stimulated and TGF-β1-induced SMAD3 activities through suppression of the phosphorylation of SMAD3 and by inhibiting its nuclear translocation by competitively binding to ALK5. PRKD3 stabilized CLU protein by inhibiting lysosomal distribution and degradation of CLU. CLU attenuated mechanical stress-induced LFH in vivo. In summary, the findings showed that CLU attenuates mechanical stress-induced LFH by modulating the TGF-β1 pathways in vitro and in vivo. These findings imply that CLU is induced by mechanical stress and TGF-β1 and inhibits LF fibrotic responses via negative feedback regulation of the TGF-β1 pathway. These findings indicate that CLU is a potential treatment target for LFH.