bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Rehabilitation Journey with Pelizaeus-Merzbacher Disease (PMD)
Authors: Johari Azri , Lan Ling , Kandpal Harsh
Published: November 2023

Pelizaeus-Merzbacher Disease (PMD) is a rare X-linked recessive leukodystrophy involving mutations in the proteolipid protein 1 (PLP1) gene. PMD can be classified into three subtypes based on severity; connatal (type I), transitional (type II), and classic (type III), with spastic paraplegia type 2 (SPG2) often considered a mild form of PMD. Life expectancy of PMD patients varies depending on the subtype, in which classic PMD, the most common phenotype, has a life expectancy around young adulthood. There is a paucity of reports on PMD given the rarity of the condition. We describe the disease progression of a 32-year-old male classic PMD patient with gene mutation c.56T>C in exon 2 of the PLP1 gene. The patient presented symptoms within his infancy, with a progressive decline in psychomotor and cognitive function. Despite close follow up, he was only diagnosed with PMD at the age of 18 following a brain MRI and genotyping.
Intermittent Hydrarthrosis, Rare, Unknown, Underdiagnosed and Forgotten: First report in Gambia
Authors:   HOD Medicine AIUWA, Senior Internal Medicine Consultant EFSTH, Medicare ltd., Gambia, Cabrera Asmell  Ramos , Martinez Mayelin ,   Consultant Physician, Medicare ltd., Gambia, Paulino Rainier ,   Consultant Physician, Medicare ltd., Gambia, Hinojosa Yamilet ,   Consultant Gynecologist, Medicare ltd., Gambia, Oduntani Kehinde O ,   General Surgeon, Medicare ltd., Gambia, Onyema Onyia ,   General Surgeon, Medicare ltd., Gambia, Shallop Jennifer ,   General Physician, Medicare ltd., Gambia
Published: November 2023

The first report of intermittent hydrarthrosis (IH) was made by Perrin in 1845; However, despite the simplicity of the symptoms and signs that characterize it, it is considered a rare disease, presumably its pathophysiology is autoinflammatory and of uncertain etiology. According to the number of reports published to date, the description of new cases remains extremely low. The chronicity and periodicity of the attacks of joint swelling, the tropism for the affected joint, almost always the knee, as well as the complete recovery without sequela after each attack, constitutes its characteristic hallmark. The simplicity of the clinical picture is at the same time the greatest obstacle to establishing the definitive diagnosis. Considering that there are no diagnostic criteria, it is necessary to exclude all conditions with a similar pattern, making the list large and complex. During the review of the literature, no references of publications of black patients were found, nor reports on the African continent. We decided to present the first case of intermittent hydrarthrosis in The Gambia and to date in the entire subregion.
Research Progress of the Anatomical Structure of the Surgical Approach for Oblique Lumbar Interbody Fusion
Authors:   Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang 712046, Shaanxi, China, Wang Jiajia ,   2 Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Medical University, Xi'an 710032, Shaanxi, China, Li Yi ,   Department of Foot and Ankle Surgery, Honghui Hospital Affiliated to Medical College of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710054, Shaanxi, Chin, Liao Bo ,   Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Medical University, Xi'an 710032, Shaanxi, China
Published: November 2023

Oblique Lumbar Interbody Fusion (OLIF) is a newly developed minimally invasive lumbar interbody fusion procedure used to treat a variety of degenerative lumbar spine diseases. The OLIF procedure has the advantages of less trauma, less bleeding, faster recovery, significant indirect decompression, large bone graft area, high fusion rate, and preservation of posterior column structures, but it needs to be performed under the condition of familiarity with the patient's anatomical approach to avoid injury to nerves, blood vessels, and other structures. In this paper, we review the new clinical advances in the application of anatomy for OLIF surgery in terms of the abdominal wall, blood vessels, lumbar major muscle, window between blood vessels and lumbar major muscle, nerves, and ureter.
Sero - Prevalence and Associated Factors of Hepatitis B Virus Among Pregnant Women at Wolkite Health Center
Authors:   Worabe Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Worabe Silte Zone, Ethiopia, Behre Dari Mosa , Nesro Tewfik ,   Wolkite University, School Of Medicine and Health Science, Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences., Memiru Teketel ,   Wolkite University, School Of Medicine and Health Science, Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences., Haile Admasu ,   Wolkite University, School Of Medicine and Health Science, Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences.
Published: November 2023

Introduction: Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is a public health problem worldwide. It is highly endemic in Asia and Sub-Saharan Africa. Even though there was an introduction of universal infants HBV immunization in 2007, distribution of HBV remains a public health problem in Ethiopia. Objective: To determine the sero-prevalence of HBs Ag among pregnant women and to identify Factors associated with the infection. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted from June 1-August 1, 2021 among pregnant women attending the antenatal clinic (ANC) of Wolkite Health Center. After obtaining written and informed consent, blood sample was collected from 270 pregnant women using consecutive non- duplicative sampling method. Serum was separated from whole blood and tested for using Bioline strip test. Data was collected using pre-structured questionnaire and analyzed using SPSS version 20. Multiple logistic regression analysis was used to determine the association between explanatory variables and the outcome variables. The result was considered statistically significant at p < 0.05. Result: In this study, 270 pregnant women were participated. The overall prevalence of sero-positive HBS Ag among pregnant women was 15(5.6%). The study participants having history of abortion [AOR=0.024; 95%CI (.003-.165), p=0.000] and multiple sexual practice [AOR=0.013, 95%Cl (.001- .154), p=0.001] significantly predictor of Hepatitis B virus infection. Conclusion: The sero prevalence of hepatitis B virus infection was increased among study participants. From assessed associated factor history of abortion and multiple sexual practice were significantly associated with sero-prevalence of HBV infection. Do to these reason routine screening of women for HBV infection during pregnancy and ANC follow up.
Varicella Zoster Virus Aseptic Meningitis: A Misleading Clinical And Laboratory Presentation: Three Case Reports
Authors:   Department of Neurology, Farwanya Hospital, Kuwait, Khedr, Diana , Soliman Shaimaa H , Alkhashan Sulaiman
Published: November 2023

Background: A septic meningitis caused by varicella zoster virus (VZV) reactivation was less described in the literature, Varicella-zoster virus is a neurotropic virus that remain dormant in dorsal root ganglion after primary infection, usually manifested as chickenpox which gets reactivated in immunocompromized state presented usually with vesicular rash complicated with multi-organ affection such as central nervous system. Rarely this characteristic skin rash can be absent initially requiring high clinical suspicion for diagnosis. When no skin lesions are present, a high clinical suspicion is required to reach the diagnosis. In this report we described three clinical of varicella-zoster virus reactivation presented in atypical way in terms of clinical presentation and cerebrospinal fluid analysis. Case presentation: Three patients otherwise healthy were admitted to the hospital with a chief complaint of headache, nausea, vomiting and symptoms suggestive of increased intracranial pressure (IIH). Resembling IIH but due to acute presentation and positive meningeal signs this was unlikely. The clinical examination did not show any neurological deficits or rash except lately in the first case. Lumbar puncture unexpectedly showed high opening pressure with markedly elevated CSF total and high total cell count with lymphocytic predominance which was misleading raising suspicion of tuberculous meningitis. Further CSF analysis, including polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and detection of intrathecal synthesis of antibodies, showed a VZV infection. Clinical follow-up examinations later on proved successful antiviral treatment. Conclusion: In conclusion, absence of typical vesicular rash of varicella zoster initially as well as high opening CSF pressure with high CSF protein even young and previously healthy patients should not rule out consideration of varicella zoster meningitis.
Uso clínico de antibióticos orais no tratamento da acne vulgar: Segurança e eficácia terapêutica
Authors: Silva Lizandra Laila de Souza , Lima Roberta Maria da Silva , Sousa Ellaine Ramos da Silva , Silva Victor Gabriel Sebastião da , Silva Caroliny Henrique Pereira da , Silva Tarcila Karinny Henrique da
Published: November 2023

O objetivo deste estudo é apresentar o que há de mais recente em termos de evidências científicas de boa qualidade sobre o uso clínico dos antibióticos orais no tratamento da acne vulgar, observando se há comprovação de sua eficácia e segurança nos pacientes. Trata-se de uma revisão narrativa de literatura, onde foram utilizadas as bases de dados eletrônicas Scielo, Pubmed e Lilacs, com evidências publicadas nos últimos dez anos. Sabe-se que o tratamento com base sistêmica deve ser considerado na presença de acne inflamatória e naquelas que apresentam difícil controle. Neste caso, ele pode envolver a antibioticoterapia, onde fármacos desta linha têm como mecanismo de ação uma supressão do P. acnes, diminuição da inflamação e dos ácidos graxos de livre circulação. Contudo, a utilização por um tempo prolongado de antibióticos seja qual for a classe, configura fator de risco para o aparecimento de resistência antimicrobiana, evidenciando o fato de que as prescrições indevidas de antibióticos orais para tratamento da acne devem ser evitadas, e ainda, que na necessidade de adoção dessa terapêutica, é importante considerar a classe mais adequada a necessidade do paciente, evitando o uso indevido. Com isso, tem-se a importância de os profissionais prescritores conhecerem amplamente as classes e mecanismos de ação desses medicamentos, para promoverem um tratamento com base em evidências. Ademais, é imperativo que novos estudos clínicos sejam realizados e com maior rigor metodológico, a fim de verificar a melhor escolha de tratamento da acne em seus diferentes graus, garantindo a eficácia e segurança do paciente.
A atuação do farmacêutico na Atenção Básica: Compreensões sob a ótica da atenção farmacêutica
Authors: Souza Thiago Rafael de , Alves Filho José Roberto
Published: November 2023

Introdução: O papel do farmacêutico, por muito tempo, foi restrito à dispensação de medicamentos. Na atualidade, percebe-se que essa já não é mais a única função deste profissional, que assume um papel muito mais ativo na integração à equipes multidisciplinares e na assistência ao paciente, através do cuidado farmacêutico. Objetivo: Propõe-se, a partir desse projeto de pesquisa, verificar quais as principais lacunas e dificuldades encontradas na atuação dos farmacêuticos no componente da atenção básica. Metodologia: Revisão narrativa de literatura baseada em artigos publicados nas plataformas de pesquisa acadêmica Lilacs, Scielo e BVSalud entre 2017 e 2023, para a efetivação de uma pesquisa que evidencie quais são as possibilidades de atuação do farmacêutico na atenção básica e as principais dificuldades ainda encontradas. Resultados e discussão: Dentre as principais dificuldades enfrentadas pelos farmacêuticos para atuar na Atenção Básica estão a sobrecarga de trabalho, a dificuldade de integração das equipes multidisciplinares, a falta de valorização profissional, a escassez de recursos para a efetivação de ações e a falta de capacitação para que os profissionais possam atuar de forma efetiva nesse componente promovendo a prevenção e a recuperação à saúde pública. Conclusão: Apesar dos desafios, percebe-se que a atuação do farmacêutico na atenção básica é muito mais ativa e participativa sobretudo na promoção da saúde pública, o que demonstra que esse profissional é uma peça fundamental na atuação multidisciplinar nesse componente.
Análise espaço-temporal do cultivo da soja no município de Balsas - MA, Brasil
Authors: Santos José Alberto da Silva dos , Vieira Valdira de Caldas Brito , Silva Antonio Joaquim da
Published: November 2023

Os estudos de uso e ocupação da terra são parâmetros importantes para se trabalhar a gestão florestal e a exploração agrícola, Diante disso, este trabalho teve como objetivo analisar o avanço da fronteira agrícola do cultivo da soja e as principais mudanças no uso e cobertura do solo no município de Balsas - MA no período de 1990 a 2021. O município está localizado na região sul do Maranhão e que faz parte da grande fronteira agrícola nacional, conhecida como MATOPIBA, que compreende os biomas Cerrado, Transição Cerrado-Caatinga e Transição Amazônia-Cerrado, nos estados do Maranhão, Tocantins, Piauí e Bahia. Com base no mapeamento, observou-se que durante o processo de modificação no uso e cobertura da tolo houve uma redução da área de Formação Florestal, que antes era de 76,67% (10.075,66 km²) em 1994 para 60,73% (7.895,76 km²) em 2021, havendo uma supressão florestal de 2.179,89 km². Enquanto isto, a classe Soja apresentou um aumento de 2.703,60 km² (19,65%), saindo de um percentual de uso do solo de 0,93% em 1994 para 20,57% em 2021. Embora a expansão da fronteira agrícola da soja tenha promovido impactos econômicos positivos para a região, vale lembrar que o avanço da fronteira agrícola envolve frequentemente o desmatamento de áreas de vegetação nativa, resultando na perda de biodiversidade, contribuindo para as mudanças climáticas e afetando os ecossistemas locais. A utilização de dados de sensoriamento remoto em conjunto com a plataforma MapBiomas foi bastante eficiente, pois oferece uma visão abrangente dos padrões de expansão da fronteira agrícola, contribuindo para o entendimento dos impactos ambientais, para o aprimoramento de práticas agrícolas sustentáveis.
Toxina botulínica no controle do bruxismo
Authors: Souza Valdêmia Cerqueira Muniz de , Suguihara Roberto Teruo , Muknicka Daniella Pilon
Published: November 2023

A toxina botulínica é uma substância terapêutica amplamente utilizada na odontologia, sobretudo na área da harmonização orofacial. Em procedimentos de harmonização orofacial, a toxina botulínica tem se mostrado um tratamento eficaz no tratamento de assimetrias faciais, rugas periorais e no alívio do bruxismo. Além disso, seu potencial para relaxar os músculos da mastigação pode contribuir para a redução de dores faciais crônicas e disfunções temporomandibulares, melhorando a qualidade de vida dos pacientes. No entanto, é fundamental que tais procedimentos sejam realizados por profissionais qualificados para garantir segurança e eficácia. O bruxismo, por sua vez, é um distúrbio neuromuscular caracterizado pelo apertamento ou ranger involuntário dos dentes, principalmente durante o sono, mas também durante o dia. Sua etiologia multifatorial e as implicações clínicas que vão além da saúde dental, como dores de cabeça, disfunções temporomandibulares, desgaste dental e distúrbios do sono, tornam o bruxismo um fenômeno intrigante para profissionais de saúde. Embora a causa exata do bruxismo não seja totalmente compreendida, fatores como estresse, ansiedade, má oclusão e anormalidades neurológicas estão associados à sua manifestação. O diagnóstico preciso e a abordagem terapêutica adequada são fundamentais para seu gerenciamento, incluindo terapias comportamentais, dispositivos orais e, em alguns casos, intervenções farmacológicas. A pesquisa aprofundada sobre o bruxismo é crucial para mitigar seus impactos adversos na saúde bucal e no bem-estar geral dos indivíduos afetados. Dessa forma, o objetivo deste estudo de revisão narrativa da literatura é investigar o potencial uso da toxina botulínica como tratamento adjuvante na harmonização orofacial.
Uso do laser de baixa intensidade como tratamento da sensibilidade pós-clareamento dentário: Uma revisão de literatura
Authors: Simões Tainá Tavares , Leite Maria Fernanda Lopes Silva , Pereira Tacio Fragoso , Torres Elaine da Silva , Oliveira Jeynife Rafaella Bezerra de
Published: November 2023

O clareamento dentário é o tratamento mais conservador e menos invasivo para alteração da cor dental, ganhando cada vez mais espaço na odontologia estética. No entanto, suas substâncias podem causar efeitos adversos e a mais comum é a sensibilidade dentária. A terapia com laser de baixa intensidade está se destacando na odontologia devido sua propriedade analgésica, auxiliando no alívio da dor. Este trabalho tem como objetivo realizar uma revisão de literatura acerca do laser terapia de baixa intensidade utilizada no tratamento de sensibilidade pós clareamento dentário. Seus resultados estão baseados em pesquisas bibliográficas nas bases de dados eletrônicos no Pub MED/Medline, Lilacs, e Scielo, no período de 2017 a 2023. Após a discussão desse trabalho, concluiu-se a efetividade da terapia de baixa intensidade para o tratamento da sensibilidade, comprovando sua redução nos efeitos citotoxicos, podendo ser considerada uma alternativa terapêutica adicional ao procedimento clínico do clareamento dental.
A contribuição do cuidado farmacêutico na redução do impacto econômico da Hipertensão Arterial Sistêmica: Uma revisão da literatura
Authors: Batista Thassiane Cristine de Lima , Oliveira Clarissa Vasconcelos de , Souza Anthony Gabriel Pusini de
Published: November 2023

A Hipertensão Arterial Sistêmica (HAS) é definida como uma doença crônica não transmissível, caracterizada por níveis elevados de pressão arterial, que afeta mais de 1,2 bilhões de pessoas no mundo inteiro. Trata-se de uma doença extremamente custosa para os sistemas de saúde, pois envolve custos diretos e indiretos. Considerando este contexto, é viável que os sistemas de saúde busquem formas de atuar na prevenção da HAS e na promoção à saúde dos pacientes hipertensos, contribuindo para a redução de custos. Sendo assim, este artigo tem como objetivo analisar os estudos que demonstram o impacto econômico que o cuidado farmacêutico apresenta nos custos relacionados ao manejo da HAS. A metodologia adotada para o desenvolvimento deste estudo foi a revisão narrativa de bibliografia, pautada em documentos oficiais e dados do Ministério da Saúde e do DATASUS, bem como materiais científicos vinculados às plataformas de busca acadêmica Google Acadêmico, Pubmed e Scielo, entre os anos de 2010 e 2023. Com base nos estudos, foi possível perceber que a assistência farmacêutica melhorou a adesão ao tratamento, reduziu os riscos cardiovasculares em 30,3%, economizou em internações, consultas de cardiologia e pronto atendimento. O investimento anual de R$ 162,98 por paciente controlado comparado aos R$ 117,55 gastos em pacientes não controlados é favorável. Além disso, pacientes acompanhados por farmacêuticos economizaram até R$ 67,82 anualmente em custos de atendimento. Com isso, conclui-se que a integração do cuidado farmacêutico na hipertensão resultou em economias e benefícios terapêuticos e sociais significativos.
Edukasi pembukuan keuangan pada poklahsar menggunakan buku kas sederhana
Authors: Nurdiani Ulfah , Mustaufik  , Saputro Wahyu Adhi
Published: November 2023

Permasalahan umum yang masih dialami oleh kelompok usaha adalah mengenai pencatatan keuangan. Permasalahan ini dikarenakan kurangnya pengetahuan dari sumber daya manusia yang ada. Desa Panembangan merupakan wilayah dengan sektor pertanian dan perikanan sangat baik di Kabupaten Banyumas. Desa Panembangan juga memiliki kelompok pengolah dan pemasar Ikan (Poklahsar) yang mengalami permasalahan mengenai pembukuan keuangan. Maka dari itu kegiatan pengabdian ini memiliki tujuan untuk memberikan edukasi dan sosialisasi pembukuan keuangan terhadap poklahsar yang ada di Desa Panembangan menggunakan aplikasi buku kas. Sosialisasi dan edukasi pembukuan keuangan dilakukan dengan pemberian materi terlebih dahulu kemudian dilanjutkan dengan diskusi dan tanya jawaban. Metode yang digunakan dalam kegiatan pengabdian ini adalah service learning. Sosialisasi dan edukasi menjadi hal yang penting dilakukan untuk mengatasi permasalahan yang terjadi pada tiga poklahsar yang ada di Desa Panembangan. Pembiasaan diri untuk melakukan pencatatan keuangan juga menjadi perhatian penting dan harus dilakukan bagi pengelola maupun anggota kelompok poklahsar. Kegiatan pengabdian ini dilakukan dengan pemberian materi terlebih dahulu di awal kemudian diselingi dengan diskusi dan tanya jawab dengan peserta kegiatan pengabdian. Peserta kegiatan pengabdian mengakui bahwa dengan adanya kegiatan pengabdian akan mengupgrade skills dari masing-masing individu dalam pemahaman berbagai macam hal baru. Rencana tindak lanjut dari kegiatan ini adalah penggunaan sistem informasi akuntansi dalam pembukuan keuangan yang bisa diterapkan oleh poklahsar Desa Panembangan.
Pengajaran pembuatan minuman fermentasi berbahan dasar teh dan susu
Authors: Ariestanti Catarina Aprilia , Pirena Kristisarah , Nugroho Wahyu
Published: November 2023

Pangan fermentasi merupakan produk pangan yang dihasilkan melalui proses fermentasi oleh bakteri asam laktat, khamir dan ragi, sehingga mengalami perubahan baik fisik, kimia, dan biologi, seperti kombucha dan susu kefir. Kombucha dan susu kefir merupakan contoh dari minuman fermentasi berbahan dasar teh dan susu yang masih belum terlalu dikenal. Kegiatan ini bertujuan untuk memperkenalkan peranan Bioteknologi kepada siswa SMA dalam kehidupan sehari-hari, terutama dalam bidang pangan untuk menghasilkan produk. Kegiatan dibagi menjadi tiga tahapan meliputi persiapan, pelaksanaan, dan pelaporan. Persiapan dilakukan dengan menghubungi SMA Santa Maria Marsudirini Yogyakarta selaku mitra. Pelaksanaan dilakukan di Laboratorium Biologi mitra dengan memberikan materi berupa teori, dilanjutkan dengan demonstrasi pembuatan kombucha dan susu kefir serta diskusi bersama. Kegiatan pengabdian di SMA Santa Maria Marsudirini Yogyakarta mendapatkan respon yang positif dari para siswi. Hasil kegiatan menunjukkan bahwa pemberian materi serta praktik langsung pembuatan minuman fermentasi dapat bermanfaat dalam memberikan pandangan baru mengenai aplikasi Bioteknologi dalam bidang inovasi pangan dalam menghasilkan suatu produk.
We're in this together: Visible Social Support Actions in Virtual Teams Using Enterprise Social Media
Authors: Henry Michael S. , Parry Douglas A. , le Roux Daniel B.
Published: November 2023

Enterprise social networks (ESNs) have become a communication standard within virtual teams. Alongside enhancing coordination and collaboration, ESNs enable colleagues to provide each other with social support. Given the heightened visibility of actions on ESNs, these social support behaviours are often viewable by all team members. Through qualitative content analysis of ESN message logs from a large open-source software project this study investigates the nature of this dynamic. Our findings reveal distinct ESN use patterns, enabled by particular affordances, in relation to four types of social support, each described using a metaphor: a dynamic notice board for information sharing, a community of practice for teaching, a team huddle for emotional support, and a job board for instrumental support. The study is one of the first to conduct qualitative content analysis of ESN message logs and, in doing so, it provides a rich account of social support on ESNs within virtual teams.
Інститут городничого / поліцмейстера в системі управління Російської імперії кінця ХVІІІ – 60-х рр. ХІХ ст. (на матеріалах Волинської губернії)
Authors: Shevchuk Andrii , Markevych Oksana
Published: November 2023

Мета статті – висвітлити функціонування інституту городничого / поліцмейстера з кінця ХVІІІ ст. і до реформи місцевої поліції 1862 р.

Наукова новизна. Зроблено висновки про індивідуальний підхід щодо призначення городничих / поліцмейстерів у міста, де визначальним фактором були стрімкий економічний розвиток, чисельність населення тощо. Проаналізовано повноваження цих чиновників і специфічні завдання у Волинські губернії. Зроблено аналіз кадрового забезпечення, підраховано тривалість перебування на службі та можливості кар’єрного зростання.

Висновки. Упродовж першої половини ХІХ ст. верховна влада шукала дієвих механізмів управління містами з огляду на їх зростаючу роль в економічному житті імперії. Результатом стало прийняття цілої низки законів, які регулювали функції городничого / поліцмейстера та підходи до їх призначення. Вони мали широкі повноваження у сферах міського будівництва, забезпечення продовольством, боротьбі з епідеміями, але переважаючими завжди були поліцейські функції. Врешті, було прийнято рішення про реорганізацію місцевої поліції, в якій городничому не знайшлося місця, на відміну від поліцмейстера, потреби в яких обґрунтовувалися неоднаковим розвитком міст.

У внутрішніх губерніях такі (поліцмейстерські) призначення були екстраординарними, на відміну від Волинської губернії, де управління містами потребували особливого нагляду з боку влади, зважаючи на приватновласницький характер повітових центрів, урегулювання проживання єврейського етносу, залишків магдебурзького права і чисельного розташування військових, що вимагали додаткового контролю з боку влади.

Саме в інтеграційних намірах цим чиновникам відводилась ключова роль – найширші повноваження у місті, найближчі до населення, особливо там, де не було ні магістрату, ні міських дум. Це відобразилося на кадровому забезпеченні корпусу городничих / поліцмейстерів. Перевага надавалася колишнім військовим, для яких ця посада могла стати своєрідним кар’єрним трампліном: від колезького асесора до надвірного радника. Тривалість служби у різні періоди коливалась від 3,3 до 4,6 років. Щоб чиновник не «засиджувався» на одному місті і не «обростав» знайомствами, влада вдавалась до частих кадрових перестановок. А за результатами ревізії сенатора Ф. Сіверса відбулася повна заміна всіх чиновників, що свідчить про гнучку політику в управлінні захопленим краєм.
Do RNA modifications contribute to modulation of immune responses in allergic diseases?
Authors: Kudrin Pavel , Rebane Ana
Published: November 2023

RNA modifications have emerged as a fundamental mechanism of post-transcriptional gene regulation, playing vital roles in cellular physiology and the development of various diseases. While the investigation of RNA modifications has seen significant advancements, the exploration of their implication in allergic diseases has been comparatively overlooked. Allergic reactions, including hay fever, asthma, eczema and food allergies, result from hypersensitive immune responses, affecting a considerable population worldwide. Despite the high prevalence, the molecular mechanisms underlying these responses remain partially understood. The potential role of RNA modifications in modulating the hypersensitive immune responses has yet to be fully elucidated. This mini-review seeks to shed light on potential connections between RNA modifications and allergy, highlighting recent findings and potential future research directions. By expanding our understanding of the complex interplay between RNA modifications and allergic responses, we hope to unlock new avenues for allergy diagnosis, prognosis, and therapeutic intervention.
Effects of step lengths on biomechanical characteristics of lower extremity during split squat movement
Authors: Song Qingquan , Ma Mujia , Liu Hui , Wei Xiaobin , Chen Xiaoping
Published: November 2023

Objective: To quantify the effects of increasing the step length of the split squat on changes in kinematics, kinetics, and muscle activation of the lower extremity.

Methods: Twenty male college students participated in the test (age: 23.9 ± 3.7, height: 175.1 ± 4.9). Data on kinematics, kinetics, and EMG were collected during split squat exercise at four different step lengths in a non-systematic manner. One-way repeated measurements ANOVA were used to compare characteristic variables of peak angle, moment, and RMS among the four step length conditions.

Results: The step length significantly changes the peak angles of the hip (p = 0.011), knee (p = 0.001), ankle (p < 0.001) joint, and the peak extension moment of the hip (p < 0.001), knee (p = 0.002) joint, but does not affect the ankle peak extension moment (p = 0.357) during a split squat. Moreover, a significant difference was observed in the EMG of gluteus maximus (p < 0.001), vastus medialis (p = 0.013), vastus lateralis (p = 0.020), biceps femoris (p = 0.003), Semitendinosus (p < 0.001), medialis gastrocnemius (p = 0.035) and lateralis gastrocnemius (p = 0.005) during four step lengths, but no difference in rectus femoris (p = 0.16).

Conclusion: Increases in step length of split squat had a greater activation on the hip extensor muscles while having a limited impact on the knee extensor muscles. The ROM, joint moment, and muscle activation of the lead limb in the split squat all should be considered in cases of individual preventative or rehabilitative prescription of the exercise. Moreover, the optimal step length for strength training in healthy adults appears to be more suitable when it is equal to the length of the individual lower extremity.
Design for and from disassembly with timber elements: strategies based on two case studies from Switzerland
Authors: Grüter Cäsar , Gordon Matthew , Muster Marcel , Kastner Fabian , Grönquist Philippe , Frangi Andrea , Langenberg Silke , De Wolf Catherine
Published: November 2023

When a timber building gets disassembled and its elements either are burned or biodegrade, the carbon stored in the timber structure gets released to the atmosphere as CO2. Reusing timber elements prevents this process from happening and thus delays the global warming caused by greenhouse gas emissions. Even if there is a long historic tradition of timber reuse in Switzerland, currently a low fraction of a timber building’s elements is being reused after its disassembly. In this study, strategies that could facilitate circular use of timber elements are analyzed. The focus lies on the design process, which is investigated from two perspectives: strategies at the start-of-life of buildings to enable new timber element cycles to emerge (design for disassembly, or DforD), and strategies at the end-of-life of buildings to keep existing timber elements cycles closed (design from disassembly, or DfromD). Two case studies of recently completed multi-story timber-hybrid buildings in Switzerland were analyzed from both perspectives. Regarding DforD, a scoring system was developed that assesses single elements according to their disassembly and reuse potential. Regarding DfromD, a building design optimization tool was created that takes dimensional design tolerances of a building as an input and proposes a procurement-optimized and structurally safe arrangement of reused elements, which are taken from an inventory that is based on the two case studies. It was found that connections between reinforced concrete and timber parts play a crucial role in terms of DforD and that building layouts with DfromD elements may vary widely according to the chosen optimization variable. In conclusion, both applications have the potential to scale up the competitiveness of reused elements.
Beyond tradition: exploring the non-canonical functions of telomeres in meiosis
Authors: Fernández-Álvarez Alfonso
Published: November 2023

The telomere bouquet is a specific chromosomal configuration that forms during meiosis at the zygotene stage, when telomeres cluster together at the nuclear envelope. This clustering allows cytoskeleton-induced movements to be transmitted to the chromosomes, thereby facilitating homologous chromosome search and pairing. However, loss of the bouquet results in more severe meiotic defects than can be attributed solely to recombination problems, suggesting that the bouquet’s full function remains elusive. Despite its transient nature and the challenges in performing in vivo analyses, information is emerging that points to a remarkable suite of non-canonical functions carried out by the bouquet. Here, we describe how new approaches in quantitative cell biology can contribute to establishing the molecular basis of the full function and plasticity of the bouquet, and thus generate a comprehensive picture of the telomeric control of meiosis.
Case Report: Right atrial mass arising from the Eustachian valve
Authors: Jolou Jalal , Martineau Jérôme , Müller Hajo , Cikirikcioglu Mustafa , Huber Christoph
Published: November 2023

A mass in the right atrium (RA) is an unusual finding that warrants further investigation. We report the case of a 72-year-old male patient who underwent a Bentall operation with a biological composite graft and closure of patent foramen ovale 18 months prior to his presentation with an incidental new RA mass during follow-up echocardiography. Transesophageal echocardiography and thoracic CT angiography confirmed a right atrial mass attached to the Eustachian valve and additionally revealed a non-occlusive pulmonary embolism in the inferior lobar artery of the left lung. Despite 2 months of anticoagulation treatment, the size of the mass did not decrease. Further MRI imaging showed a central mass enhancement which raised concerns about a tumoral lesion. Following a discussion with the local Heart Team, management with surgical treatment was decided. The intraoperative findings revealed a 2.5 cm × 2.1 cm mass arising from the Eustachian valve and a non-diagnosed Chiari network in the RA. Both were resected and sent for a frozen section procedure which excluded a malignancy. The final histopathological analysis described fibrotic tissues compatible with an organized thrombus. The patient was discharged on postoperative day 7 without any complications. Although imaging studies are useful for the initial and differential diagnosis of RA masses, it is not always possible to get the final diagnosis without surgery. In case of a suspicion of a potentially malignant pathology, surgical exploration and resection are necessary.
Age and vascular aging: an unexplored frontier
Authors: González Laura del Mar , Romero-Orjuela Sara P. , Rabeya Fernando J. , del Castillo Valeria , Echeverri Darío
Published: November 2023

Vascular age is an emerging field in cardiovascular risk assessment. This concept includes multifactorial changes in the arterial wall, with arterial stiffness as its most relevant manifestation, leading to increased arterial pressure and pulsatile flow in the organs. Today, the approved test for measuring vascular age is pulse wave velocity, which has been proven to predict cardiovascular events. Furthermore, vascular phenotypes, such as early vascular aging and “SUPERNOVA,” representing phenotypic extremes of vascular aging, have been found. The identification of these phenotypes opens a new field of study in cardiovascular physiology. Lifestyle interventions and pharmacological therapy have positively affected vascular health, reducing arterial stiffness. This review aims to define the concepts related to vascular age, pathophysiology, measurement methods, clinical signs and symptoms, and treatment.
A cohort study to investigate the potential indicators for prenatal echocardiographic detection of suspected coarctation of the aorta
Authors: Guo Nan , Zhou Kaiyu , Li Yifei , Luo Shuhua , Liu Lei , Liu Hanmin
Published: November 2023

Objectives

Suspected coarctation of the aorta (CoA) is a common fetal echocardiographic presentation. However, the prenatal findings did not indicate a satisfied accuracy in determining the truly CoA after birth, which made the prenatal diagnosis of CoA still as a critical challenge with high false positive rate. Thus, this research is aimed to distinguish the potential prenatal parameters influencing the fetal echocardiographic images and enhance the true positive diagnostic rate of CoA fetuses which require early clinical intervention in postnatal life.

Methods

A retrospective study had been designed and fetuses with suspected with CoA had been included from Jan 2016 to Dec 2021 in our center. The fetal echocardiography and related clinical information had been collected. And the postnatal diagnosis had been reached by echocardiography or CTA. Then, all the parameters had been analyzed by univariate analysis, and a multivariate logistic regression analysis was further involved to determine the independent parameters influencing the accuracy of diagnosis CoA fetuses. Moreover, such results had been validated by nomogram analysis and ROC curve.

Results

Among the included 44 liveborn infants who presented suspected CoA in fetal cardiac screening, 18 cases had been proved to be CoA postnatally (Group P). The true positive rate for this study was 40.9% (18/44). The abnormal atrial hemodynamic status (AAHs) and the gestational week of delivery (GWoD) were associated with the postnatal CoA confirmation among prenatal suspected fetuses. The ROC curve of predicting probability of the mode combined with two independent factors of absence of AAH and GWoD (AUC = 0.880, 95% CI 0.763–0.997) presented a satisfied efficacy in distinguishing postnatal positive CoA diagnosis. The nomogram plot had been be utilized in CoA prediction (model likelihood ratio test, p < 0.0001).

Conclusions

AAH and GWoD had been identified as independent factors of predictive accuracy in detecting postnatal CoA among prenatal suspected fetuses. The prediction mode based on nomogram scores could be used to predict the risk of occurring CoA fetuses.
A new channel structure for strengthening heat transfer of SCO2 printed circuit heat exchanger (PCHE): variable sectional semicircular channel
Authors: Wei Mingtong , Zhu Bingguo , He Jixiang , Gong Kaigang
Published: November 2023

In this paper, a mathematical and physical model is established to study the convective heat transfer performance of supercritical carbon dioxide (SCO2) in three kinds of horizontal semicircular channels (uniform cross-sectional channel, diverging and converging channels). The accuracy of the numerical model is verified by comparing with the experimental data. The computational results demonstrate that the converging channel can strengthen heat transfer effectively compared with the uniform cross-sectional channel under the same heat transfer area. In the range of calculated working conditions, the use of a converging channel resulted in a maximum improvement of 42.26% in the heat transfer performance of SCO2. However, the diverging channel deteriorates the heat transfer. It is discovered that the improvement of the field coordination of SCO2 in the converging channel is one of the main reasons for its enhanced heat transfer. In addition, the different distribution of turbulent kinetic energy and thermal conductivity are also an important factor affecting the heat transfer performance of SCO2 in different channels. Finally, we propose a new heat transfer correlation of the SCO2 cooling process in the horizontal semicircular converging channel. Compared with the five selected correlations, the new correlation has the best prediction accuracy, and its mean absolute relative error (MARE) and root mean square error (RMSE) are 9.49% and 10.6%, respectively. Our work will provide new insights and theoretical guidance for the design and optimization of coolers in SCO2 Brayton cycle system.
A sustainable NEV manufacturer-retailer system under the Nash bargaining framework: considering the impact of the COVID-19 epidemic under the CVaR criterion
Authors: Han Shifeng , Cheng Yijie
Published: November 2023

Suppose a new energy vehicle (NEV) manufacturer-retailer system where the wholesale price and the order quantity are determined through a negotiation procedure. Considering the impact of the COVID-19 epidemic, the manufacturer and the retailer are both assumed to be risk averse with Conditional Value-at-Risk (CVaR) as their performance measure. With the uniform distribution assumption, we derive the equilibrium solutions as well as the players’ profit shares in the Stackelberg game and Nash bargaining framework. We quantitatively address the impacts of the players’ confidence levels and government subsidy on the equilibrium order quantity, wholesale price and profit allocation in both negotiation frameworks. We find that, in both negotiation frameworks and considering the impact of the COVID-19 epidemic, a more risk-averse (i.e., with lower confidence level in CVaR model) manufacturer or retailer tends to occupy a higher profit share. On the other hand, a higher government subsidy aiming at offsetting the epidemic’s impact leads to a higher profit share for the manufacturer and a lower one for the retailer. A quantitive comparison of the equilibriums in the two negotiation frameworks indicates that more NEVs are ordered by the retailer and a higher system profit is generated in the Nash bargaining framework than the Stackelberg game. Thus, we analytically prove that the Nash bargaining framework is superior to the Stackelberg game for the NEV manufacturer-retailer system in terms of both quantity and profit with consideration of the epidemic impact. In addition, a series of numerical experiments is carried out to illustrate the effects of some significant parameters on the equilibrium order quantity and the system profit allocation in different negotiation frameworks. These numerical experiments also further demonstrate the superiority of the Nash bargaining framework for either NEV player—no matter how the epidemic trend and the government subsidy vary—and provide a quantitative scope for the retailer’s bargaining power to sustainably maintain the win-win cooperation between the NEV manufacturer and retailer in the superior Nash bargaining framework within the epidemic environment. From the perspective of policy, the government should increase subsidy within the epidemic environment to offset the negative effect and can degenerate subsidy when the epidemic dissipates. Furthermore, as the subsidy degenerates, both model results and numerical experiments show that the manufacturer suffers a more unfavorable effect, so the government can preferentially support the manufacturer by adjusting the subsidy to a higher level to alter players’ relative powers and profit shares.
Sufficient component cause simulations: an underutilized epidemiologic teaching tool
Authors: Kezios Katrina L. , Hayes-Larson Eleanor
Published: November 2023

Simulation studies are a powerful and important tool in epidemiologic teaching, especially for understanding causal inference. Simulations using the sufficient component cause framework can provide students key insights about causal mechanisms and sources of bias, but are not commonly used. To make them more accessible, we aim to provide an introduction and tutorial on developing and using these simulations, including an overview of translation from directed acyclic graphs and potential outcomes to sufficient component causal models, and a summary of the simulation approach. Using the applied question of the impact of educational attainment on dementia, we offer simple simulation examples and accompanying code to illustrate sufficient component cause-based simulations for four common causal structures (causation, confounding, selection bias, and effect modification) often introduced early in epidemiologic training. We show how sufficient component cause-based simulations illuminate both the causal processes and the mechanisms through which bias occurs, which can help enhance student understanding of these causal structures and the distinctions between them. We conclude with a discussion of considerations for using sufficient component cause-based simulations as a teaching tool.
Secondary shrubs promoted the priming effect by increasing soil particle organic carbon mineralization
Authors: Yu Qinghui , Zhang Zixu , He Yuan , Hao Ming , Wang Guifang , Dun Xingjian , Wu Qicong , Gao Peng
Published: November 2023

Introduction

Inputs of additional organic matter to the soil will accelerate or inhibit the decomposition of soil organic carbon (SOC), resulting in a priming effect (PE), which is a key mechanism affecting soil carbon (C) cycling. The impact mechanism of changes in soil properties on the PE is still unclear after vegetation restoration; in particular, the contribution of C pools with different turnover rates to the PE has not been distinguished and quantified.

Methods

In this study, the secondary shrub (SB) (Vitex negundo var. heterophylla) formed by the enclosure of barren grassland was selected as the research object, and the barren grassland (GL) was taken as the control. Equal amounts of 13C-labeled glucose were added to the topsoil for a 45-day incubation experiment to measure the PE. Moreover, soil samples were destructively sampled to explore the fate of new C and changes in POC and MAOC fractions during incubation.

Results

After 45 days of incubation, most of the new C formed by glucose flowed to MAOC, with 95.45% in SB soil and 92.29% in GL soil. In the experiment, all soils showed a positive PE. The PE, POC mineralization and MAOC accumulation were higher in SB soil than in GL soil. During incubation, the mineralization of POC was positively correlated with the PE and made a major contribution to the PE. Partial correlation analysis showed that after vegetation restoration, SB further promoted the mineralization of POC by increasing the soil moisture, fungal diversity and necromass C of bacteria, which led to an increase in PE.

Conclusion

The SB mainly enhanced PE by increasing soil fungal diversity and mineralization of POC. And increasing PE due to the SB may lead to an increase in soil C emissions. Therefore, we need to adopt forest management and other measures to address the potential risks of increased soil C emissions in the vegetation restoration process.
Identification of immune-related genes in diagnosing retinopathy of prematurity with sepsis through bioinformatics analysis and machine learning
Authors: Chen Han , Chen Enguang , Lu Yao , Xu Yu
Published: November 2023

Background: There is increasing evidence indicating that immune system dysregulation plays a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) and sepsis. This study aims to identify key diagnostic candidate genes in ROP with sepsis.

Methods: We obtained publicly available data on ROP and sepsis from the gene expression omnibus database. Differential analysis and weighted gene correlation network analysis (WGCNA) were performed to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and key module genes. Subsequently, we conducted functional enrichment analysis to gain insights into the biological functions and pathways. To identify immune-related pathogenic genes and potential mechanisms, we employed several machine learning algorithms, including Support Vector Machine Recursive Feature Elimination (SVM-RFE), Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator (LASSO), and Random Forest (RF). We evaluated the diagnostic performance using nomogram and Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curves. Furthermore, we used CIBERSORT to investigate immune cell dysregulation in sepsis and performed cMAP analysis to identify potential therapeutic drugs.

Results: The sepsis dataset comprised 352 DEGs, while the ROP dataset had 307 DEGs and 420 module genes. The intersection between DEGs for sepsis and module genes for ROP consisted of 34 genes, primarily enriched in immune-related pathways. After conducting PPI network analysis and employing machine learning algorithms, we pinpointed five candidate hub genes. Subsequent evaluation using nomograms and ROC curves underscored their robust diagnostic potential. Immune cell infiltration analysis revealed immune cell dysregulation. Finally, through cMAP analysis, we identified some small molecule compounds that have the potential for sepsis treatment.

Conclusion: Five immune-associated candidate hub genes (CLEC5A, KLRB1, LCN2, MCEMP1, and MMP9) were recognized, and the nomogram for the diagnosis of ROP with sepsis was developed.