bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Performance of Polycrystalline Silicon Material Derived PV Modules Under Variable Temperature and Irradiance Conditions
Authors: Shukla Aradhana , Srivastava Ashrya , Yadav Satish Kumar , Yaqub Adeeba , Singh Jyotsna , Singh Rajendra Bahadur
Published: February 2025

With the increasing demand for energy and concerns regarding pollution arising from the use of fossil fuels, is of great concern for scientists and researchers are actively seeking solutions. One promising option is a semiconductor material based solar PV modules, which offers a clean and sustainable source of electricity. The paper presents operating performance of polycrystalline silicon based solar PV modules under variable temperature and irradiance conditions. Annual energy generation of all modules is assessed and compared with predicted output. However, the performance of these systems must be checked in composite climate conditions so that the predicted performance of these systems in real conditions can be envisaged earlier. For this a simulation tool PVsyst is used to estimate weather parameters and operating performance of PV modules, and reduction in greenhouse gas emissions. The findings of study reveal an impressive performance ratio of 75.90% shows the area's potential for solar PV installations. The capture losses vary from 0.54 h/d to 1.61 h/d, showing the impact of operating temperature and shading. The payback period for the solar PV system is approximately 4.6 years for the actual system. Solar PV based electricity production save environment by reducing the emission from conventional electricity. The study suggest that such installations could create a path for significant energy production and notable reductions in carbon emissions, aligning with the global push toward cleaner and more sustainable energy solutions.
Synthesis, Characterization, and Computational Studies of Organoselenium Compounds for Bioactivity Assessment Against Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma
Authors: Banerjee Bhaskar , Solanki Bobby , Verma Rajaneesh Kumar , Jain Nidhi , Yadav Tarun , Alheetyc Mustafa A. , Yahya M. Z. A. , Singh Munendra , Verma Vinay Kumar , Singh Ram Chandra
Published: February 2025

In the present research article, two small organoselenium molecules, 2‐(phenylselanyl)ethanamine, L1H and 2‐(phenylselanyl)propanamine, L2H, have been synthesized via high yield synthetic route and characterized using elemental, UV–vis, FTIR, (1H and 77Se) NMR, and mass spectrometry along with computational investigation, confirming selenium integration. Density functional theory (DFT) study elucidates the optoelectronic properties and structures of L1H and L2H, providing insights into stability and reactivity of selenium bearing small organic compounds. In addition to this, molecular docking studies and pharmacokinetic profile highlights potential binding affinity with target proteins and also suggests their promising bioactivity. The interaction between the regulatory proteins involved in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) and the synthesized small molecule L1H and L2H shows the involvement of amine group and selenium atom for inhibiting the proteins to potentially stop the growth of cancer cells. The comprehensive investigation lays groundwork for further exploration of these compounds in small molecule drug development and medicinal chemistry.
Chemical Treatment of Moringa Seed Peels for the Efficient Removal of Methylene Blue Macromolecule: Kinetic And Thermodynamic Calculations
Authors: Khalaf Ibtisam Abdul Wahed , Al‐Mahmoud Saddam Mohammed
Published: February 2025

Moringa seed peels are chemically treated with sulfuric acid to produce a bioadsorbent to remove methylene blue from the aquatic environment. Various techniques are used to examine the properties of the adsorbents such as Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT‐IR), Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) surface specification, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The adsorption parameters such as adsorbent dose, contact time, initial concentration, temperature, and pH are studied to predict the optimum conditions. The adsorption equilibrium data and adsorption rate data are evaluated using different isotherm and kinetic models. The isotherm results show that the Langmuir model give positive results for the studied equilibrium data. The adsorption kinetic data better follow the pseudo‐second‐order model. Thermodynamic variables such as ∆S°, ∆H°, and ∆G° are also evaluated. The calculated parameters indicate that the adsorption process is spontaneous and exothermic in nature.
Heavy Metal Contamination in Plants: Sources, Monitoring, and Data‐Driven Insights
Authors: Yadav ArvindKumar , Hasan Mohseena , Kour Simranjeet , Chandra Ratna , Singh VivekKumar , Noor I.M. , Yahya M.Z.A. , Singh Har Mohan , Tripathi Ashutosh
Published: February 2025

The present study explores the impact of heavy metals on plant physiology and development, emphasizing sources, tracking methods, and health effects. It provides a comprehensive understanding and proposes strategies to mitigate these negative impacts. Advanced data analytics are used to track metal movement and concentration in plant species and environmental conditions. Heavy metals like cadmium, lead, and mercury disrupt plant growth, photosynthesis, and nutrient uptake, thereby reducing plant vitality and productivity. Data tracking reveals specific accumulation hotspots and adaptive mechanisms plants use to mitigate toxic effects. Effective tracking and data analytics are essential for understanding the extent of metal pollution. The study highlights the need for integrated approaches, such as phytoremediation, soil amendments, and regulatory measures, to address heavy metal stress. Future research should focus on developing more efficient tracking technologies and exploring genetic engineering solutions.
A Novel Strategy for High‐Sensitivity Detection of Sulfadiazine Using Green Silicon Quantum Dots Based Fluorescent Molecularly Imprinted Sensors
Authors: Lu Hongjie , Chen Xiaoqiang , Xu Wanzhen , Yang Wenming , Huang Weihong
Published: February 2025

The issue of pharmaceutical residues in the environment has become increasingly severe, with the detection of sulfonamide antibiotics emerging as a research hotspot in environmental monitoring. Herein, we present a method for detecting sulfadiazine based on a silicon quantum dots (SiQDs)‐based fluorescent molecularly imprinted sensor. SiQDs, synthesized using an aqueous phase method, exhibit remarkable fluorescent properties, such as a broad excitation spectrum, tunable emission wavelengths, and high fluorescence stability, offering significant advantages in pharmaceutical detection. By integrating amino‐functionalized silica nanospheres (NH2‐SiO2) and tetraethyl orthosilicate, SiQDs were surface‐functionalized to construct SiQDs@NH2‐SiO2@MIPs composite materials. The modified fluorescent molecularly imprinted polymers not only exhibited high selectivity and affinity for the target molecule SDZ, but also demonstrated excellent stability and resistance to interference in complex environments. Experimental results revealed that the sensor displayed a strong linear correlation within the concentration range of 40–100 μmol·L−1, with a detection limit of 0.036 ng·mL−1, demonstrating high sensitivity and excellent selectivity. In real sample applications, the recovery rate ranged from 97.88% to 100.74%, with a relative standard deviation of less than 5.37%. These findings emphasize the wide potential applications of this sensor, especially in water quality monitoring, environmental protection, and pharmaceutical detection.
Enhancing the mechanical, conductive, and chemical resistance properties of SEBS nanocomposites using graphene nanoplatelets
Authors: Li Shuangshan , Liu Xinyu , Yang Zeyu , Han Sensen , Gu Haicheng , Chu Liyang , Meng Qingshi
Published: February 2025

Styrene‐Ethylene‐Butylene‐Styrene (SEBS) has garnered considerable attention for its excellent stability and aging resistance, yet its broader industrial applications require enhanced functionalities, including electrical and thermal conductivity, as well as chemical resistance. This study investigates the preparation of graphene nanoplatelet (GNP)‐reinforced SEBS/PP/oil (SPO) nanocomposites, with an emphasis on a novel ball‐milled variant (B‐SPO/GNP) engineered to improve mechanical strength and multifunctional performance. SPO/GNP and B‐SPO/GNP nanocomposites were prepared using twin‐screw extrusion and injection molding, with GNP loadings ranging from 0.5 to 30 wt%. Comprehensive characterization revealed significant improvements across multiple properties, primarily driven by the uniform dispersion of GNPs and enhanced interfacial bonding within the matrix. Notably, tensile strength increased by 38.89% in B‐SPO/GNP‐2 compared to unreinforced SPO, while B‐SPO/GNP‐20 achieved a thermal conductivity of 0.415 W/m·K and an electrical conductivity of 1.88 × 10−7 S/cm. In addition, an electrical percolation threshold was observed at 17.35 wt% for B‐SPO/GNP nanocomposites. Enhanced chemical resistance and long‐term salt spray corrosion performance were attributed to the formation of an effective GNP‐based protective barrier. These findings underscore the potential of B‐SPO/GNP nanocomposites as durable, high‐performance materials, offering a promising platform for advanced polymer nanocomposite development in demanding industrial applications.

Highlights

Mechanical ball milling improved GNP dispersion and interface bonding.

B‐SPO/GNP showed a maximum increase of 38.89% in tensile strength over SPO.

Electrical percolation threshold in B‐SPO/GNP reduced to 17.35 wt%.

B‐SPO/GNP displayed improved thermal conductivity and stability.

B‐SPO/GNP exhibited superior chemical and corrosion resistance.
A Comprehensive Quality Evaluation Strategy of Wendan Decoction Based on Qualitative, Fingerprint, and Quantitative Analyses
Authors: Huang Chen , Chen Shibin , Zhang Yumeng , Xu Yanxue , Zhao Chunjie , Zhao Min
Published: February 2025

Introduction

Wendan decoction (WDD), a classic Chinese medicine formula, has been used for the treatment of insomnia for hundreds of years. However, the current research on the chemical composition and the material basis of the medicinal effect of WDD is not perfect, which limits further research on it.

Objectives

In the present study, we aimed to propose a methodology for the quality control of WDD based on qualitative and quantitative analysis of its components.

Methods

The chemical composition of WDD was identified through UPLC‐Q‐Exactive Orbitrap MS technology. Then, high‐performance liquid chromatography was utilized to establish the fingerprint of 10 batches of WDD and determine the content of some common peaks. The quality evaluation and quality control of WDD were implemented from three aspects: chemical composition, fingerprint, and content determination.

Results

The study initially identified 113 chemical components, including 51 flavonoids, 13 amino acids, seven nucleotides, five alkaloids, eight phenylpropanoids, eight terpenoids, 12 organic acids, and nine other compounds. In this study, the fingerprint of WDD was established by HPLC, and a total of 23 common peaks were found and seven common peaks were determined. The similarity (R) between 10 batches of WDD fingerprints and reference fingerprints was greater than 0.993. The results of methodological verification met the requirements.

Conclusion

Based on the three dimensions of qualitative analysis, fingerprint, and content determination, this study explored the quality control of WDD and selected seven flavonoids as quality evaluation indexes of WDD, thus laying a solid foundation for subsequent pharmacodynamic research.
Perspectives on Social Anxiety and Barriers to School‐Based Mental Health Services Among Black American Adolescents
Authors: Fox Jeremy K. , Martin Grace , Walls Taylor , Perrone Laura , Francois Marline , Saha Priya , Lekas Helen‐Maria , Warner Carrie Masia
Published: February 2025

Few studies have examined social anxiety in Black American adolescents, despite the role of unique sociocultural factors and lower rates of mental health service use in this population. The goal of this qualitative study was to examine the perceptions and experience of social anxiety, as well as attitudes toward help‐seeking and school‐based mental health services, in Black American adolescents. Focus groups and individual interviews were conducted with 15 Black American students from an urban, public high school in the northeast United States. Overall, students provided descriptions of social anxiety consistent with typical presentations and linked social anxiety to experiences that occur in the Black community, such as racial discrimination and stigma. In addition, students identified barriers to help‐seeking and school‐based mental health services, including a preference to handle things on their own, as well as concerns about treatment effectiveness, confidentiality, negative responses from parents, and appearing weak. Findings may inform efforts for developing culturally sensitive and accessible school‐based interventions for Black American adolescents with social anxiety.
In Vivo Efficacy of a Macrocyclic Peptoid‐Peptide Hybrid That Selectively Modulates the Beta‐Catenin/TCF Interaction to Inhibit Prostate Cancer
Authors: Habault Justine , Franco Jennifer L. , Ha Susan , Schneider Jeffry A. , Voisin Maud , Wise David R. , Wong Kwok‐Kin , Garabedian Michael J. , Kirshenbaum Kent , Logan Susan K.
Published: February 2025

Background

Prostate cancer is the most common form of male cancer and can initially be treated as a localized disease. Although the 5‐year survival rate at diagnosis approaches 100 percent, a subset of patients will subsequently develop resistance to treatment. This may ultimately lead to metastatic castration resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC), for which the prognosis is much less favorable. The importance of the Wnt/β‐catenin pathway in treatment‐resistant prostate cancer has inspired efforts to exploit the interaction of β‐catenin with its transcription binding partners as a therapeutic strategy for prostate cancer.

Methods

Peptoid‐peptide macrocycles are attractive design scaffolds for disrupting protein‐protein interactions. In this study, we evaluate a library of these macrocycles and demonstrate their selectivity for the β‐catenin/TCF (T Cell Factor) interaction.

Results

Importantly, we show that the macrocycles do not significantly alter the binding of β‐catenin to cell surface protein, E‐cadherin. Our lead sequence, Macrocycle 13, (MC13) was also tolerant of modifications aimed to improve aqueous solubility while retaining activity. Herein, we demonstrate in vivo proof of principle for using peptidomimetic macrocycles to target the β‐catenin/TCF interaction. Treated prostate cancer mouse xenografts show markedly diminished tumor growth and decreased levels of myc protein. MC13 also inhibits growth in an organoid model with genetic alterations frequently found in prostate cancer. Transcriptome analysis of prostate cancer cells treated with MC13 reveals downregulation of key pathways, including Wnt/β‐catenin and c‐myc. Furthermore, chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) analysis shows reduced β‐catenin at its target genes, axin2 and c‐myc.

Conclusion

Our findings underscore the therapeutic potential of peptoid‐peptide macrocycle inhibition of β‐catenin in prostate cancer.
Bio‐based two‐dimensional amphiphile with hierarchical self‐assembly for enhancing pesticide utilization and reducing environmental risks
Authors: Wu Yanling , Zhang Songhao , Bao Zhenping , Liu Rui , Sun Fengzhe , Wang Yue , Huang Haiqi , Gao Yuxia , Ma Yongqiang , Zhang Chenhui , Du Fengpei
Published: February 2025

BACKGROUND

Biotic and abiotic stresses threaten crop growth and yield. Agrochemicals are an important way to mitigate biotic stress, while frequent low utilization and potential environmental risk affect their sustainable use. In order to improve pesticide utilization, it is common practice to add tank‐mix adjuvants by reducing surface tension or forming spherical self‐assembly. However, there is a lack of quantitative indicators to screen suitable molecules for sustainable application. In this work, critical factors based on physicochemical properties, and kinetic and thermodynamic parameters are applied to analyze regulatory mechanisms in dynamic processes, and ultimately to establish an integrated strategy for the management of stresses.

RESULTS

Compared with traditional one‐dimensional linear amphiphilic molecules, two‐dimensional bio‐based amphiphilic molecules, especially sodium deoxycholate (NaDC), form self‐assembly and could significantly promote the deposition of agrochemical droplets due to maximum energy dissipation. Meanwhile, NaDC increased the inhibition rate of pyraclostrobin against Rhizoctonia solani from 24.4% to about 100.0%, which was beneficial for pesticide resistance to biotic stress. In addition, NaDC could significantly mitigate the harmful effects of salt stress on Oryza sativa by increasing the germination rate of salt‐stressed seeds by about 30%, and reducing the environmental risk of pesticides to soil microbial communities for eco‐friendly crop protection.

CONCLUSION

Herein, this work demonstrates a sustainable strategy for crop management that enhances the effects of agrochemicals on biotic stresses, mitigates abiotic stresses, and significantly reduces environmental risks. © 2025 Society of Chemical Industry.
New Household Projections for Australia: Geographical Variations, Decomposition of Growth, and Implications for Policy
Authors: Wilson Tom , Temple Jeromey , Charles‐Edwards Elin
Published: February 2025

In common with many other advanced economies, Australia is experiencing a crisis of worsening housing affordability. While some of the causes are longstanding, the crisis comes at a time of very high population growth driven by record high net immigration. This paper considers what the underlying demographic demand for housing, as expressed by the number of households, is likely to be over the next few years and then further ahead out to 2041. Particular attention is paid to the 2024–29 period because the Australian Government has announced a policy to build an additional 1.2 million new dwellings during this time. Using an updated version of the sequential propensity household projection model, household projections for 15 major regions of Australia were prepared for the period 2021–2041. Projected growth in the number of households was decomposed to reveal the contributions of various demographic and living arrangement drivers of growth. Alternative futures were considered using scenarios which take into account possible variations in both population and household variables. The projection results demonstrate the dominance of population growth in increasing household numbers, with additional growth contributed by population age structure change, while likely living arrangement trends will operate to dampen growth. Even considering alternative high growth futures, household growth over the 2024–29 period at the national scale is likely to be lower than 1.2 million. However, growth will vary considerably across the 15 regions, underscoring the need for housing supply to match geographical variations in household growth.
Verification of Entangled States Under Noisy Measurements
Authors: Zhang Lan , Li Yinfei , Liu Ye‐Chao , Shang Jiangwei
Published: February 2025

Entanglement plays an indispensable role in numerous quantum information and quantum computation tasks, underscoring the need for efficiently verifying entangled states. In recent years, quantum state verification has received increasing attention, yet the challenge of addressing noise effects in implementing this approach remains unsolved. In this work, a systematic assessment of the performance of quantum state verification protocols is provided in the presence of measurement noise. Based on the analysis, a necessary and sufficient condition is provided to uniquely identify the target state under noisy measurements. Moreover, this work proposes a symmetric hypothesis testing verification algorithm with noisy measurements. Then, relying on states, a semidefinite program is demonstrated to calculate the infidelity threshold for arbitrary measurement noise. Subsequently, using a noisy nonadaptive verification strategy of Greenberger–Horne–Zeilinger and stabilizer states, the noise effects on the verification efficiency are analytically illustrated. From both analytical and numerical perspectives, this work demonstrates that the noisy verification protocol exhibits a negative quadratic relationship between the sample complexity and the infidelity. The method can be easily applied to real experimental settings, thereby demonstrating its promising prospects.
Characterization of Interaction Between Low‐Density Lipoprotein (LDL) and Alkaloid N‐Methyl Cytisine: The Potential Protective Effect on Lipid Oxidation
Authors: Bucci Antonella M. , Bustos Ana Y. , Frias María de los A. , Ledesma Ana E.
Published: February 2025

Elevated levels of low‐density lipoprotein (LDL) in the blood are one of the main risk factors for atherosclerosis and coronary heart disease. Oxidized LDL (ox‐LDL) plays an important role in the pathogenesis of atherogenesis. The interaction of LDL with natural alkaloids may exert a protective effect on the oxidation of lipoproteins. In this study, the binding of N‐methylcytisine (NMC) to LDL is examined at the molecular level, and its role in LDL oxidation is investigated. LDL was isolated by ultracentrifugation and quantitatively characterized, by the Bradford technique, using the SDS‐PAGE technique with a resolution of 8% and size was measured by dynamic light scattering (DLS). The characteristic bands attributed to the functional groups of the lipoproteins in the isolated fraction, were analyzed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR‐ATR). Using UV–visible, Raman, FTIR and fluorescence spectroscopies, we found that LDL interacts with the alkaloid NMC and has a protective effect against LDL oxidation. Protein‐protein and ligand‐protein docking methods were used to construct a molecular model for the complex between the I domain of apoprotein B100 and NMC. Our results indicate that the binding of NMC to LDL lipoprotein occurs in the I‐domain of apoB‐100 and involves polar and hydrophobic residues.
A Review on Fluorescent Molecular Probes for Hg2+ Ion Detection: Mechanisms, Strategies, and Future Directions
Authors: Pramanik Rajib
Published: February 2025

Fluorescent molecular probes have gained significant attention due to their exceptional attributes, such as enhanced specificity, sensitivity, and reversibility. This review explores how organic probe molecules' fluorescence properties change when metal ions like Hg2+ bind to the probe receptors. The alteration in fluorescence properties results from distinct photophysical mechanisms such as photoinduced electron transfer, proton transfer, energy transfer, charge transfer, excimer formation, aggregation‐induced emission, and C═N isomerization etc. Besides, Hg2+ ions induce chemical reactions resulting in changes in structural conformation and fluorescence properties. As a result, this effect specifically affects the fluorescence signal of probe molecules, which is beneficial for advancing the fluorescence sensor technology developed to detect Hg2+ contamination. Focusing on environmental pollution and biological sample analysis, this study highlights applying fluorescent techniques using organic chromophores to detect heavy metal ions, particularly Hg2+ ions. Thus, fluorescent organic dyes with modifiable functional groups ensure precise detection and analysis, offering a robust platform for environmental monitoring and public health safety. We examine their detection capacities, sensing mechanisms, detection limits, strategies, and methodologies utilized. This review article provides significant insights into the efficacy and progress in the domain of fluorescent sensors for detecting Hg2+ ions.
(+)‐Dehydroabietylamine Based Phase Selective Organogelator: Sustainable Solution for Textile Dyes Removal and Oil Spill Remediation
Authors: Afsar Afsheen , Riaz Kashif , Muhammad Shoaib , Hashmi Imran Ali , Javed Muhammad Naveed , Bari Ahmad , Ali Firdous Imran
Published: February 2025

In this study, we report an ecofriendly, inexpensive and sustainable method for successful and effective dye removal from aqueous media up to 90% at room temperature. Three disperse dyes were examined in this study including, Red RD‐RBLS, Foron Blue SE‐2R and Foron Black S‐2B2S. The removal is carried out using a thiourea based low molecular weight organogelator (LMWOG) prepared from (+)‐dehydroabietylamine, a tricyclic diterpene, through adsorption. LMWOGs form self‐assemblies through non‐covalent interactions (H‐bonding, π−π stacking, electrostatic interactions and hydrophobic interactions). The dye adsorption also occurs due to non‐covalent interactions among gelator moleculaes and dye molecules. gelator is recovered and reused. Additionally, the synthesized thiourea gelator (T‐1) shows potential as an oil spill remedy. The gelator (T‐1) is applied in powder form to gelate hexane, ethylacetate, crudeoil, petrol, diesel and kerosine oil effectively from oil‐water mixture.
Synthesis of Oligomeric 4H‐1,2,6‐Thiadiazines
Authors: Kalogirou Andreas S. , Kourtellaris Andreas , Koutentis Panayiotis A.
Published: February 2025

The synthesis of oligomeric amino‐4H‐1,2,6‐thiadiazines, with terminal phenyl groups, containing up to four thiadiazine units is reported. The synthesis started from 3,5‐dichloro‐4H‐1,2,6‐thiadiazin‐4‐one and a key intermediate was 5,5′‐azanediylbis(3‐chloro‐4H‐1,2,6‐thiadiazin‐4‐one) which was coupled with phenyltributyl‐stannane in a Stille coupling to provide a bisthiadiazine oligomer. A stepwise C─N coupling reaction of 3,5‐dichloro‐4H‐1,2,6‐thiadiazin‐4‐one with 3‐amino‐5‐phenyl‐4H‐1,2,6‐thiadiazin‐4‐one provided a trithiadiazine oligomer, while similar reaction of 5,5′‐azanediylbis(3‐chloro‐4H‐1,2,6‐thiadiazin‐4‐one) with an excess of 3‐amino‐5‐phenyl‐4H‐1,2,6‐thiadiazin‐4‐one yielded a tetrathiadiazine oligomer. Two amino‐substituted bisthiadiazine oligomers with terminal anilino or alkylamino groups were also prepared. The anilino derivative was accessed by a C─N coupling of 5,5′‐azanediylbis(3‐chloro‐4H‐1,2,6‐thiadiazin‐4‐one) with aniline, while reaction with 2‐ethylhexane‐1‐amine occurred under thermal conditions in the absence of Pd to give a bisthiadiazine with terminal alkylamino groups. The optical and electronic properties of all oligomers were also studied by UV‐vis spectroscopy, cyclic voltammetry and DFT computations.
Bayesian Analysis for a Threshold Double Autoregressive Model With Explanatory Variables
Authors: Li Han , Fang Yinfang , Wang Haoyu
Published: February 2025

In order to characterize the asymmetric effects of stock market and capture the impact of the explanatory variables on financial observations, this paper introduces explanatory variables into the threshold double autoregressive (TDAR) model and proposes a class of TDAR model with explanatory variables. Under the framework of Bayesian inference, the parameter estimation and model specification problems are well addressed. Specifically, the model parameters are estimated with the help of Markov chain Monte Carlo techniques. The problem of testing the existence of explanatory variables is also solved by means of Bayes factor. The accuracy of the estimation and the effectiveness of the hypothesis test are verified through numerical simulations. Finally, the proposed model is applied to empirical analysis of the S&P500 index, Shanghai Securities Composite Index (SSCI) and Hang Seng Index (HSI). The empirical analysis results show that the S&P500 index has typical asymmetry and is significantly affected by the SSCI and HSI indexes.
Digitization as scientific labor: Critical approaches and recommendations for herbaria
Authors: Enright Katherine M. , Smith Nathan E.C.
Published: February 2025

Viewing digitization against a backdrop of the history of herbarium labor—and in the wake of substantial shifts in the museum landscape—we give a series of recommendations for mass digitization projects centered around recognizing digitization as skilled scientific labor.
Stroke in adults with primary intracranial tumours
Authors: Innes Stuart C. , Yin Lucia , Finnerty Gerald T.
Published: February 2025

Background

We investigated stroke in patients with either benign or malignant primary intracranial tumours to give insights into how malignant and non-malignant intracranial tumours affect stroke and to provide evidence for stroke guidelines for these patients.

Methods

We conducted a retrospective cohort study of patients with benign or malignant primary intracranial tumours admitted with stroke (2011–2022) to a single centre with regional stroke and neuro-oncology units. Data collected included: stroke aetiology, stroke timing relative to tumour diagnosis, pre-stroke disability, post-stroke disability, stroke recurrence and treatment.

Results

We identified 258 patients who had an index stroke (120 haemorrhagic, 135 ischaemic, three coincident haemorrhagic/ischaemic) at or after the diagnosis of their primary intracranial tumour (71% benign, 29% malignant). Stroke incidence spiked at tumour diagnosis and subsequent months. Symptomatic intracranial haemorrhage was more commonly associated with malignant primary intracranial tumours. In-hospital mortality and level of disability at hospital discharge (median modified Rankin scale score, 4) were similar for patients with benign or malignant primary intracranial tumours. Stroke recurrence was 22% at one year. Statins were associated with reduced stroke recurrence (HR = 0.35 [95% CI 0.13–0.96]). The probability of patients with malignant tumours receiving chemotherapy was inversely related to disability at hospital discharge (ratio OR per unit increase modified Rankin scale = 0.65 [95% CI 0.42–0.96]).

Conclusion

Stroke has wider consequences for patients with primary intracranial tumours than commonly recognised. Our data indicated that statins may help to prevent stroke recurrence. Despite concerns about intracranial haemorrhage, antiplatelet agents should be considered after ischaemic stroke.
Uniqueness and mixing properties of Doeblin measures
Authors: Berger Noam , Conache Diana , Johansson Anders , Öberg Anders
Published: February 2025

In this paper we solve two open problems in ergodic theory. We prove first that if a Doeblin function g (a g-function) satisfies

$$\begin{aligned} \limsup _{n\rightarrow \infty }\frac{\operatorname {var}_n \log g}{n^{-1/2}} < 2, \end{aligned}$$

lim sup

n
→
∞

var
n

log
g

n

-
1
/
2

<
2
,

then we have a unique Doeblin measure (g-measure). This result indicates a possible phase transition in analogy with the long-range Ising model. Secondly, we provide an example of a Doeblin function with a unique Doeblin measure that is not weakly mixing, which implies that the sequence of iterates of the transfer operator does not converge, solving a well-known folklore problem in ergodic theory. Previously it was only known that uniqueness does not imply the Bernoulli property.
Renormalized energy between fractional vortices with topologically induced free discontinuities on 2-dimensional Riemannian manifolds
Authors: Badal Rufat , Cicalese Marco
Published: February 2025

On a two-dimensional Riemannian manifold without boundary we consider the variational limit of a family of functionals given by the sum of two terms: a Ginzburg–Landau and a perimeter term. Our scaling allows low-energy states to be described by an order parameter which can have finitely many point singularities (vortex-like defects) of (possibly) fractional-degree connected by line discontinuities (string defects) of finite length. Our main result is a compactness and

$$\Gamma $$

Γ

-convergence theorem which shows how the coarse grained limit energy depends on the geometry of the manifold in driving the interaction between vortices and string defects.
Finite-time blow-up in fully parabolic quasilinear Keller–Segel systems with supercritical exponents
Authors: Cao Xinru , Fuest Mario
Published: February 2025

We examine the possibility of finite-time blow-up of solutions to the fully parabolic quasilinear Keller–Segel model in a ball

$$\Omega \subset \mathbb {R}^n$$

Ω
⊂

R

n

with

$$n\ge 2$$

n
≥
2

. Previous results show that unbounded solutions exist for all

$$m, q \in \mathbb {R}$$

m
,
q
∈
R

with

$$m-q<\frac{n-2}{n}$$

m
-
q
<

n
-
2

n

, which, however, are necessarily global in time if

$$q \le 0$$

q
≤
0

. It is expected that finite-time blow-up is possible whenever

$$q > 0$$

q
>
0

but in the fully parabolic setting this has so far only been shown when

$$\max \{m, q\} \ge 1$$

max
{
m
,
q
}
≥
1

. In the present paper, we substantially extend these findings. Our main results for the two- and three-dimensional settings state that (

$$\star $$

⋆

) admits solutions blowing up in finite time if

$$\begin{aligned} m-q<\frac{n-2}{n} \quad \text {and} \quad {\left\{ \begin{array}{ll} q< 2m & \text {if } n = 2, \\ q < 2m - \frac{2}{3} \text { or } m > \frac{2}{3} & \text {if } n = 3, \end{array}\right. } \end{aligned}$$

m
-
q
<

n
-
2

n

and

q
<
2
m

if

n
=
2
,

q
<
2
m
-

2
3

or

m
>

2
3

if

n
=
3
,

that is, also for certain m, q with

$$\max \{m, q\} < 1$$

max
{
m
,
q
}
<
1

. As a key new ingredient in our proof, we make use of (singular) pointwise upper estimates for u.
Lobectomy for primary lung cancer: a comparison of perioperative and postoperative outcomes between robot-assisted thoracic surgery and video-assisted thoracic surgery
Authors: Ueno Harushi , Imamura Yoshito , Okado Shoji , Nomata Yuji , Watanabe Hiroki , Kawasumi Yuta , Nakanishi Keita , Kadomatsu Yuka , Kato Taketo , Nakamura Shota , Mizuno Tetsuya , Chen-Yoshikawa Toyofumi Fengshi
Published: February 2025

Purpose

This study compared the peri- and postoperative outcomes of robot-assisted thoracic surgery (RATS) and video-assisted thoracic surgery (VATS) lobectomy for primary lung cancer.

Methods

This retrospective cohort study included patients who underwent RATS or VATS at Nagoya University Hospital between April 2018 and March 2022. Propensity score matching was used to balance patient characteristics between the two groups. The following long-term outcomes were assessed: the 3-year overall survival (OS), causes of death, 3-year disease-free survival (DFS), and recurrence patterns. Various peri- and postoperative outcomes were examined as short-term outcomes.

Results

After propensity score-matching, 137 patients were included in each group. RATS was associated with a longer operative time (median 180 vs. 144 min, p < 0.001), less blood loss (median 5 vs. 12 ml, p = 0.005), and a lower rate of conversion to open thoracotomy (1 [0.7%] vs. 10 [7.4%], p = 0.010) than VATS. The 3-year OS and DFS were comparable between the groups.

Conclusion

In lobectomy for lung cancer, RATS demonstrated long-term outcomes that were comparable to those of VATS. Although RATS has a longer operative time, it is associated with less blood loss and a lower conversion rate to open thoracotomy than VATS, suggesting that it is a beneficial surgical approach for patients.
Unusual delayed and prolonged arm weakness and atrophy following botulinum toxin injection for musician’s cramp: case report
Authors: Karp Barbara I. , Alter Katharine , Lehky Tanya , Hallett Mark
Published: February 2025

Botulinum toxin is considered first-line treatment for focal hand dystonia in musicians. Mild, temporary weakness is a common accompaniment of effective injection. We present a unique case of delayed-onset, severe, prolonged weakness and atrophy in a patient with musician’s dystonia, successfully treated with botulinum toxin for over 10 years, following injection of his usual muscles at his well-established dose. This pianist received botulinum toxin treatment for more than 10 years, with a stable response. Six weeks after an injection, he developed progressive severe weakness and atrophy of the affected forearm involving both injected and uninjected muscles. Weakness and atrophy took over one year without further injections to resolve. The clinical course and laboratory testing were not suggestive of brachial neuritis, plexopathy, or neuralgic amyotrophy. The literature contains rare case reports of severe weakness and atrophy after botulinum toxin injection, sometimes with delayed onset and sometimes affecting distant muscles. Frequently presenting with pain, such cases often have evidence of plexopathy or neuralgic amyotrophy which were absent in our patient. Clinicians should be aware of this rare potential severe adverse event associated with botulinum toxin.
Implementation of isotropic hyperelastic material models: a »template« approach
Authors: Eisenträger S. , Maurer L. , Juhre D. , Altenbach H. , Eisenträger J.
Published: February 2025

The implementation of new constitutive models in existing finite element software is often complicated and daunting. It requires in-depth knowledge of different disciplines such as mathematics (tensor calculus), computer science (advanced knowledge of different programming languages: , , , , etc., data structures, and software architecture), and continuum mechanics. Therefore, the process of implementing new material models is a rather complex task, best left to specialists in the field of computational material science. This, however, constitutes a severe roadblock for scientific progress as experts developing novel numerical algorithms might lack knowledge in at least one of the mentioned areas. Hence, the overarching goal of this paper is to provide a cookbook-type recipe for implementing hyperelastic material models in finite element software. The process of implementing a hyperelastic model is broken down into small steps such that only a good understanding of calculus of univariate functions (chain rule, product rule, etc.) is required. Without loss of generality, we limit our presentation to material models implemented in . The general methodology is, however, easily applicable also to any other programming language of choice. To facilitate the adoption of our approach, the implementation of several constitutive laws is showcased, including established models such as the 2-parameter Mooney-Rivlin model and the Arruda-Boyce (8-chain) model and more exotic ones such as the 4-parameter model and the Knowles model. Listings of all necessary files are provided throughout the paper, which can be easily adapted for other models and additionally an https://bitbucket.org/ifmedevs/hyper-mat/src/main/repository can be accessed.
Accessibility of Australian government online cancer screening information for people with intellectual disability
Authors: Barrington Maryann , Fisher Karen R. , Harris-Roxas Ben , Spooner Catherine , Trollor Julian N. , Weise Janelle
Published: February 2025

Aim

Public health campaigns, including Australian cancer screening programs, are increasingly promoted online through government websites. The accessibility of these initiatives for people with intellectual disability is unknown. However, a lack of accessible information about available services is an important barrier to cancer screening for this group. This study aimed to investigate the accessibility of online information for cancer screening programs.

Subject and methods

Australian government health websites promoting the national breast, bowel, and cervical screening programs were identified and web pages were evaluated for their compliance with Web Content Accessibility Guidelines 2.0, cognitive accessibility guidelines, readability recommendations, and where relevant, compliance with Easy Read guidelines.

Results

The most common accessibility errors included low-contrast colors, missing alternative text, broken links, and excessive content. Readability was a consistent issue, with most materials written at levels considered too high for both people with intellectual disability and the general population. The limited number of documents that were readily available in Easy Read did not follow guidelines.

Conclusion

These findings demonstrate that government public health initiatives currently fail to meet the communication and information needs of people with intellectual disability. This places the population at risk of continued under-screening and fails to uphold their right to information about their healthcare. The creation and dissemination of accessible materials should be a priority for governments and health services.
The Moderating Role of Intrinsic and Quest Religiosity on the Effectiveness of Religious Appeals in Promoting Cultured Meat
Authors: Arli Denni , Arango Luis , Septianto Felix
Published: February 2025

In response to the environmental impacts of agricultural food production, alternative food sources have been developed over the past few decades. One of the latest innovations is ‘cultured meat.’ Despite offering an alternative to raising animals for meat, the idea of lab-grown meat has received a mixed response from religious consumers. Thus, the present research investigates the effect of using religious appeals in advertising on consumers’ intention to purchase cultured meat. The authors propose that consumers’ religiosity (intrinsic and quest religiosity) moderates their green identity, which subsequently affects their intentions to purchase cultured meat. The results of two experimental studies show that at low levels of quest religiosity, a religious (vs. non-religious) appeal led to higher intentions to purchase cultured meat among participants with high (but not low) levels of intrinsic religiosity. The findings of this research have implications for religious leaders, ethicists, and policymakers when dealing with the commercialization of cultured meat.
The opportunity for partner industry knowledge sharing within audit offices and audit quality
Authors: Michas Paul N. , Russomanno Dan , Zhao Meiling
Published: February 2025

We conjecture that a greater opportunity for audit partners to share personal industry knowledge with each other within audit offices is associated with higher audit quality. Using Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (PCAOB) Form AP data, we analyze each partner’s client portfolio and construct sharing measures. First, we find extant measures of an audit office’s industry market share, industry portfolio share, and industry diversity are quite noisy in inferring our sharing measures. Next, we perform multivariate analyses and find negative associations between the opportunity to share industry knowledge and both restatements and absolute abnormal accruals. Further, we find this association varies cross-sectionally with other important auditor and client characteristics. Taken together, our evidence is consistent with a positive association between the opportunity for partners to share their industry knowledge with each other and audit quality.
Viral sepsis – pathophysiology and disease manifestation
Authors: G Gürtler Lutz , Schramm Wolfgang , Seitz Rainer
Published: February 2025

Viral infection is found in approximately 30% of all sepsis cases and may be followed by bacterial infection in organs such as the lungs. Sepsis manifests as fever, hemorrhagic lesions and cell death. Organ dysfunction caused by sepsis, such as meningitis and encephalitis, can lead to organ damage. Sepsis is induced by various viral components, host cells and cellular mediators, such as cytokines and chemokines. Cytokines are secreted from stimulated macrophages, monocytes, dendritic cells and T lymphocytes.

Further contributors to sepsis are the cleavage products after activation of the complement cascade with anaphylatoxin generation and peptides of the activated clotting cascade, thrombocytopenia and thrombocyte function alteration, intravasal clotting and/or endothelial leakage. The cells involved in viral sepsis are neutrophil granulocytes, monocytes and macrophages, dendritic cells and thrombocytes, and finally, endothelial cells and epithelial cells.

Prolonged cytokine release leads to cell damage, immune cell dysfunction and exhaustion, and either impairs or hyperactivates immune cells. The course of viral sepsis may be enhanced by some patient conditions including age, underlying diseases such as diabetes, obesity; and immunodeficiency. Viral sepsis, similar to bacterial sepsis, is an extremely complex disorder, and the involvement of the abovementioned cellular and humoral components can present quite divergent biological and clinical patterns.

Examples of viral sepsis discussed in the manuscript include three viruses causing Dengue fever – an emerging infection, COVID-19 – a disease with a prolonged course, Ebola disease – a disease with typically complete viral clearance, while rabies virus – induces a disease that causes coma and death before signs of viral sepsis are apparent.
A Scoping Survey of ChatGPT in Mathematics Education
Authors: Pepin Birgit , Buchholtz Nils , Salinas-Hernández Ulises
Published: February 2025

This study presents a scoping survey examining the integration of ChatGPT in mathematics education, highlighting its benefits, challenges, and implications for teaching and learning. The survey identifies key themes, including ChatGPT’s ability to assist in understanding mathematical concepts, lesson planning, assessment design, personalized learning, and fostering collaboration. While the tool demonstrates potential in enhancing self-regulated learning, providing real-time feedback, and supporting critical thinking, challenges such as its occasional inaccuracies, ethical concerns, and the risk of over-reliance on AI are also noted. The review emphasizes the importance of human oversight and ethical considerations in leveraging ChatGPT for inclusive and dynamic mathematics education. It concludes that, with thoughtful integration, ChatGPT can serve as a transformative resource, fostering both individualized and collaborative learning experiences while reshaping the learner–tool relationship in educational contexts.
Effectiveness of Prewetted Fibres and Aggregates in Mitigating the Autogenous Shrinkage of High-Strength Concrete at an Early Age
Authors: Saje Drago
Published: February 2025

In this study, the influences of prewetted polypropylene fibres (PFs), basalt fibres (BFs), cellulose fibres (CFs), prewetted natural lightweight tuff aggregates (LTAs), artificial lightweight expanded clay aggregates (LECAs), and recycled brick aggregates (RBAs) on the early autogenous shrinkage and compressive strength of high-strength concrete (HSC) were investigated. Statistical analysis of variance (ANOVA) revealed a statistically significant difference between the reference concrete and some of the investigated concretes with prewetted materials. Among the prewetted fibres, PFs reduced autogenous shrinkage by 70% after one day and maintained the compressive strength at 96% after 28 days. Among the porous prewetted aggregates, LECAs (0–2 mm) were the most effective, reducing autogenous shrinkage by 97% and maintaining compressive strength at 107%.