bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Escuelas normales de mujeres en Colombia (1903-1914)
Authors: Geles Yesica Paola Montes , Ferreira Nilce Vieira Campos
Published: June 2018

El objetivo es analizar las escuelas normales teniendo como fuentes las disposiciones de la Ley Orgánica de 1903 y el Decreto 491 de 1904, lo cual hace parte de una investigación en desarrollo, cuyo propósito inicial es estudiar la Escuela Normal de Institutoras de Bolívar en el período de 1903 hasta 1930, con el análisis de fuentes documentales y registros históricos de la época. Exponemos una visión general de las leyes orgánicas en la historia de la educación colombiana partiendo de la Ley Orgánica de 1903, segunda ley que reforma la Instrucción Pública colombiana. Procuramos responder: cuáles son las mudanzas en la organización de las Escuelas Normales femeninas en el período de 1903 a 1914? La reforma defendida por la Ley Orgánica buscaba principalmente estimular la formación de profesores y promover las escuelas normales para hombres y mujeres con el objetivo de alcanzar un índice educativo más elevado en Colombia.Palabras clave: Ley Orgánica. Decreto 491. Escuelas Normales de Mujeres. Colombia.AbstractThis study aims to analyze the normal schools having as sources the rules of the Organic Law of 1903 and the decree 491 from 1904, which is part of a developing research, whose initial purpose is to study La Escuela Normal de Institutoras de Bolívar during the period from 1903 to 1930, with the analysis of the documental sources and historical records of the age. It is presented a general overview of the organic laws in the history of Colombian education starting from the Organic Law of 1903, second law that reforms the Colombian Public Instruction. It is tried to answer: What are the changes in the organization of feminine normal schools during the period from 1903 to 1914? The reform defended by the Organic Law sought mainly to stimulate the teachers training and to promote the normal schools for men and women with the objective of achieving a higher educational index in Colombia.Keywords: Organic Law, Decree 491, Normal School for Women, Colombia.ResumoObjetivamos analisar as escolas normais tendo como fontes as disposições da Lei Orgânica de 1903 e do Decreto 491 de 1904, cujo foco é estudar a Escola Normal do Instituto de Bolívar no período de 1903 a 1930, com a análise de fontes documentais e registros históricos da época. Expomos uma visão geral das leis orgânicas na história da educação colombiana com base na Lei Orgânica de 1903, a segunda lei que reforma a Instrução Pública Colombiana. Procuramos responder: quais são as mudanças na organização das Escolas Normais Femininas no período de 1903 a 1914? Concluímos que a reforma preconizada pela Lei Orgânica buscou principalmente estimular a formação de professores e promover escolas normais para homens e mulheres com o objetivo de alcançar um índice educacional mais alto na Colômbia.Palavras-chave: Lei Orgânica. Decreto 491, Escola Normal Feminina. Colômbia.
Um novo olhar para a constituição dos saberes docentes HOFSTETTER, Rita; VALENTE, Wagner Rodrigues (Orgs.). Saberes em (trans)formação: tema central da formação de professores. São Paulo: Editora Livraria da Física, 2017.
Authors: Pinto Neuza Bertoni
Published: June 2018

HOFSTETTER, Rita; VALENTE, Wagner Rodrigues (Orgs.). Saberes em (trans)formação: tema central da formação de professores. São Paulo: Editora Livraria da Física, 2017.
Safety Surveillance of Diphtheria and Tetanus Toxoids and Acellular Pertussis (DTaP) Vaccines
Authors: Moro Pedro L. , Perez-Vilar Silvia , Lewis Paige , Bryant-Genevier Marthe , Kamiya Hajime , Cano Maria
Published: June 2018

OBJECTIVE:

To assess the safety of currently licensed diphtheria-tetanus-acellular pertussis (DTaP) vaccines in the United States by using data from the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS), a spontaneous reporting surveillance system.

METHODS:

We searched VAERS for US reports of DTaP vaccinations occurring from January 1, 1991, through December 31, 2016, and received by March 17, 2017. We reviewed available medical records for all death reports and a random sample of reports classified as nondeath serious. We used Empirical Bayesian data mining to identify adverse events that were disproportionally reported after DTaP vaccination.

RESULTS:

VAERS received 50 157 reports after DTaP vaccination; 43 984 (87.7%) of them reported concomitant administration of other vaccines, and 5627 (11.2%) were serious. Median age at vaccination was 19 months (interquartile range 35 months). The most frequently reported events were injection site erythema (12 695; 25.3%), pyrexia (9913; 19.8%), injection site swelling (7542; 15.0%), erythema (5599; 11.2%), and injection site warmth (4793; 9.6%). For 3 of the DTaP vaccines, we identified elevated values for vaccination errors using Empirical Bayesian data mining.

CONCLUSIONS:

No new or unexpected adverse events were detected. The observed disproportionate reporting for some nonserious vaccination errors calls for better education of vaccine providers on the specific indications for each of the DTaP vaccines.
Who Signs? Ballot Petition Signatures as Political Participation
Authors: Amos Brian , Forster Diana , Smith Daniel A
Published: June 2018

Who signs ballot initiative petitions? Do they fit a particular socio-political and demographic profile of a likely voter, or are they peripheral voters who become engaged in the political process due to the issue at hand? And are some citizens who sign petitions more likely to have valid signatures than others? Scholars have been slow to assess who is likely to become engaged in perhaps one of the most common forms of political participation: signing a ballot petitions. Drawing on an original dataset of individual-level data, we use GIS and logit models to test which citizens were more likely to sign a contoversial local ballot petition, as well as to determine who was likely to sign a valid (or invalid) petition.
Big Data e política: aferindo o potencial preditivo da world wide web nas eleições europeias de 2014
Authors: Godinho Luísa
Published: June 2018

Inversamente à tendência dominante nos estudos eleitorais previsionais em ambiente digital, focados no microblogue Twitter como universo de análise, neste artigo desenvolve-se uma abordagem ecológica integrada ao posicionamento da opinião pública portuguesa durante a campanha eleitoral para as eleições europeias de 2014. O potencial preditivo de três categorias é testado – partido/coligação; cabeça-de-lista e lista – assim como o é a representatividade da world wide web, enquanto Big Data cientificamente válida para a investigação em Ciências Sociais. A primeira categoria revelou maior valor empírico relativo e a adequabilidade das redes sociais para a antecipação de acontecimentos sai parcialmente reforçada, reiterando-se, no entanto, a necessidade de mais estudos, em particular no plano nacional, onde a investigação nesta área é praticamente inexistente.
As notícias sobre corrupção e as redes de sociabilidade: um estudo exploratório em Portugal, Brasil e Angola
Authors: Cunha Isabel Ferin , Araújo Bruno
Published: June 2018

O estudo exploratório que apresentamos neste texto é resultado da análise qualitativa de cinco notícias sobre casos de corrupção em Portugal e no Brasil, que foram interrelacionados pela investigação judiciária, com desdobramentos em Angola, um país africano de língua portuguesa. A cobertura jornalística e a mediatização desta problemática foram investigadas num projecto desenvolvido em Portugal e no Brasil entre 2012 e 2015. Neste artigo, pretendemos analisar: como as redes de sociabilidade são descritas nos textos e na infografia que o acompanha; como os relacionamentos entre instituições e atores do Espaço Lusófono são desenhados na notícia e em sua infografia; a articulação entre cobertura de notícias e infografia (Gray, Chambers and Bounegru, 2012). Assumimos que os infográficos que acompanham o texto jornalístico são dispositivos para a mediatização da corrupção e da política (Stromback, 2008; Hepp, 2012). Portugal, Brasil e Angola integram o Espaço Lusófono, um espaço regional dentro da globalização, com raízes históricas no império colonial português, caracterizado pela partilha de línguas e a proximidade cultural (Straubhaar, 1991; Davis, Straubhaar, Cunha, 2016).
Descifrando la información periodística especializada: la gastronomía en la prensa diaria española
Authors: Fusté-Forné Francesc , Masip Pere
Published: June 2018

La producción de contenidos de calidad, de proximidad y especializados es una de las vías principales para la supervivencia del periodismo en la actualidad. En este sentido, la especialización aporta un valor añadido ya que enlaza directamente con los intereses de la sociedad. La presente investigación se centra en un tema de interés creciente como es la gastronomía y el periodismo gastronómico. Aunque la televisión e Internet han jugado un rol primordial en la mediatización del fenómeno gastronómico, la prensa diaria sigue desempeñando una función clave en su popularización. El objetivo de este trabajo es analizar los contenidos de cuatro de los principales medios españoles – El Mundo, El País, El Periódico y La Vanguardia, en el período 2005-2015 – para analizar los géneros que engloban la presencia del periodismo gastronómico; determinar las secciones a través de las cuales se expresan las narrativas sobre gastronomía en la prensa diaria; y categorizar las principales temáticas tratadas. Para llevar a cabo el estudio se ha utilizado la herramienta de análisis de contenido. Los resultados revelan que los espacios que sirven para la mediatización de la gastronomía son cada vez más específicos y disponen de mayor personalidad propia. La gastronomía deja de ser una disciplina para minorías y los medios contribuyen a una popularización del arte del comer. Los contenidos gastronómicos son atractivos para una audiencia cada vez más sensibilizada por una gran diversidad de aspectos como una alimentación sana o el turismo sostenible.
Recommender systems as “tastemakers”: Collaborative filtering as a market strategy for online cultural products
Authors: Santini Rose Marie
Published: June 2018

In the cultural market, the operation of which depends on the creation of intersubjective values to generate the production of consumers, the market strategies to adjust supply and demand have been historically characterised by mechanisms of social recommendation; a phenomenon that has intensified and changed on the Internet. The aim of this paper is to discuss the social conditions for the production of belief in symbolic goods and their applications in online markets. Pierre Bourdieu’s theory on the field of cultural production provides the conceptual grounding for the proposal of a theoretical study that compares traditional instances of symbolic goods recommendation and today’s online recommender systems. This analysis diagnoses the transformation of social processes of influence on online cultural consumption through collaborative filtering and identifies relevant topics for future research in the domain of cultural goods e-commerce.
TÜRK MİTOLOJİSİNDEKİ GEYİĞİN DİVAN ŞİİRİNDE AHUYA DÖNÜŞMESİ
Authors: Çınar Bekir
Published: June 2018

ÖZET: Bu çalışmada,
Türk mitolojisindeki geyiğin Divan şiirinde ahuya dönüşmesi incelenmiştir.
Öncelikle Türklerde geyiğin önemi kısaca vurgulanmış, Geyikli Baba ile ilgili
görüşler değerlendirilmiştir. Türk kültüründe geyiğin niçin ahuya dönüştüğü, bu
durumun Türk mitolojisi ve Türk kültürü içindeki yeri değerlendirilmiştir.
Divan şiirinde ahuya dönüşen geyiğin, sevgilinin hangi özelliklerini yansıttığı
örneklerle açıklanmıştır.
BİR OSMANLI ROMANI MADMAZEL ANJEL VE OSMANLI ERMENİLERİNE DAİR ÖRTÜK İLETİLER
Authors: Haykır Tayfun
Published: June 2018

Bu çalışmada İrfan adlı yazar tarafından kaleme
alınan ve 1912’de yayımlanan Madmazel Anjel adlı roman incelenmiştir.
Roman; kurgusu, konusu ve barındırdığı örtük iletiler göz önüne alındığında
“Türk Tarihinde Ermeni Meselesi” açısından dikkate değer bir öneme sahiptir.
Romanın başkişisi Sitrak isminde bir Ermeni gencidir. Bu genç merkeze alınarak
kurgulanan ve yaklaşık otuz yıllık zamana yayılan aşk acısı, romanın
temel/görünür konusudur. Fakat arka planda Ermeni vatandaşlar ile Osmanlı
Devleti arasında giderek çıkmaza giren ilişkiler ve II. Meşrutiyet’in ilanıyla
gelen hürriyet gündeme taşınmıştır. Böylelikle kurgu itibariyle gerekli görülen
yerlerde örtük iletiler üzerinden Ermenilere bir Türk yazarın -İrfan’ın-
mesajları gönderilmiştir. Romanın yayım tarihinin, 1915’te yaşanan “Ermeni
Tehciri”nden üç yıl öncesine denk gelmesi de eseri Türk edebiyatı
araştırmalarıyla ilgili olarak daha önemli ve değerli kılmaktadır.
"We all need employment" - An exploration of the factors which influence the return-to-work after a severe traumatic brain injury
Authors: Moller Claire-Lynn , Lingah Thanalutchmy , Phehlukwayo Standford Mandla
Published: June 2018

INTRODUCTION: While individuals with mild and moderate traumatic brain injury (TBI) manage to achieve some degree of successful return-to-work, individuals with severe TBI have a reduced chance of returning to work. This study aimed at investigating how personal factors, workplace environment and vocational rehabilitation influenced the return-to-work and assumption of the worker role of individuals with severe TBI. METHOD: A phenomenographic study design with purposive sampling was used to select 11 participants. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews using the Worker Role Interview as a guide. Data were thematically analysed using Clarke and Braun's six phases of thematic analysis. RESULTS: Two themes emerged: It's all about me, which addressed the internal aspects of the role of a worker and The support for me which focused the external factors of personal, work and rehabilitative support. CONCLUSION: Results showed that rehabilitation, personal factors and work support were critical for successful return-to-work for survivors of severe TBI. Results indicated that participation in work was as important in developing self-worth as participation in any other area of daily living. With regard to personal factors, rehabilitation and support were vital in maintaining self-worth after an injury. This could be enhanced through vocational rehabilitation. Key words: Traumatic brain injury, return-to-work, vocational rehabilitation.
Measuring spectral reflectance and transmittance (350-2500 nm) of large leaves using the Spectra Vista Corporation (SVC) DC-R/T Integrating Sphere v5
Authors: Laliberté Etienne , Soffer Raymond
Published: June 2018

Here wedescribe the standardised protocol used by the Canadian Airborne Biodiversity Observatory(CABO)to measure leaf spectral reflectance and transmittance, using the Spectra Vista Corporation (SVC) DC-R/TIntegrating Spherefitted to a portable full-range SVC HR-1024i field spectroradiometer. This standard version of ourprotocol describesthe commoncase where an individual leaf is large enough to entirely cover the reflectance or transmission port of the integrating sphere. Briefly, six mature, healthy-looking and sunlit leaves from a canopy plant are selected for measurements of adaxial reflectance and transmittance. Reflectance measurementsare referenced to a calibrated Spectralon® diskand corrected for stray light.Our leaf spectroscopy protocol builds from that of theCarnegie Airborne Observatory.
Propionic Acid Preparation v1
Authors: M. Graze Rita
Published: June 2018

A protocol for the making of 1M Propionic Acid for the use in Drosophila food.
Measuring spectral reflectance and transmittance (350-2500 nm) of small and/or narrow leaves using the Spectra Vista Corporation (SVC) DC-R/T Integrating Sphere v2
Authors: Laliberté Etienne , Soffer Raymond
Published: June 2018

Here wedescribe the standardised protocol used by the Canadian Airborne Biodiversity Observatory(CABO)to measure leaf spectral reflectance and transmittance, using an integrating sphere fitted to a portable full-range field spectroradiometer, forthe special case where an individual leaf is too small and/or too narrowto entirely cover the reflectance or transmission port of the integrating sphere. Briefly, three arrays ofmature, healthy and sunlit leaves from a canopy plant are arranged on a custom sample mount, and are then usedfor measurements of adaxial reflectance and transmittance. Reflectance measurementsare referenced to a calibrated Spectralon® diskand corrected for stray light.Our leaf spectroscopy protocol is an adaptation ofthat of Noda et al. (2013)to the SVC DC-R/T sphere, and also builds from protocols by theCarnegie Airborne Observatoryand the SVC integrating sphere user manual.
A dicção israelo-palestina em dois poemas de Dahlia Ravikovitch
Authors: Santana Jorge Alves
Published: June 2018

O que é necessário para se ver através de uma janela aparentemente limitada e limitadora? A poetisa israelense Dahlia Ravikovitch nos oferece, por intermédio de seu instrumental poético, suas vivências psicossociais no âmbito discursivo e poético sobre as relações israelo-palestinas, que ocorrem em crônicos enfrentamentos pessoais, culturais e políticos que atravessam milênios. Situações essas que se agravam no século XX e XXI. Este artigo, neste contexto estético-social, analisará dois poemas dessa artista ativista contemporânea que são: The Tale of the Arab Who Died by Fire e A Baby Can't Be Killed Twice. Poemas que tratam, no âmbito da metáfora viva, da literatura menor, de máquinas de guerra e da mobilidade nômade dos posicionamentos dialéticos do campo ético e estético de representativos israelenses frente a diálogos possíveis com a sociedade palestina que lhes hibridiza dialeticamente aspectos identitários.
Exílio e a retórica de violência divina em Jr 20:7-13
Authors: Martins Lucas Alamino Iglesias
Published: June 2018

O exílio Babilônico influenciou fortemente a linguagem da literatura profética. Dentre os livros proféticos nos quais observa-se esta linguagem de trauma e violência de forma mais viva, o livro de Jeremias merece atenção especial. O presente artigo tratará sobre a retórica da violência divina nos lamentos do profeta Jeremias, especificamente o de Jr 20:7-13.
A tradição do retrato: Annie Leibovitz
Authors: Mendes André Melo
Published: June 2018

Esse artigo trata das principais obras de Annie Leibovitz, fotógrafa contemporânea de origem judaica, famosa pela qualidade estética e retórica dos seus retratos. Apesar de não ser adequadamente valorizada por boa parte da crítica especializada, em virtude do seu vínculo com o mercado, suas imagens, como se verá nesse texto, são complexas e têm grande importância para história da fotografia. Nessa reflexão sobre o seu trabalho foi utilizada uma metodologia de análise de base semiótica, combinada com os conceitos desenvolvidos por Aby Warburg sobre a sobrevivência das imagens.
A pertinência da ideia de pacto com um ente maligno na Bíblia Hebraica
Authors: Bittencourt Rodrigo do Prado
Published: June 2018

Este artigo analisa brevemente a pertinência da ideia de pacto demoníaco na Bíblia Hebraica. Embora muito difundida no imaginário cristão e pagão, a noção de uma força maligna a contratar com os seres humanos está longe de ser endossada por essa obra. Ao contrário, nela, é a divindade que estabelece a relação pactual com os seres humanos. Analisa-se, assim, o pacto entre Deus e Abraão, como exemplo clássico de acordo entre ser humano e força sobrenatural, questionando a ideia de pacto com o Mal. Mesmo a noção de uma entidade essencialmente maligna e opositora a Deus não se justifica, plenamente, na Bíblia Hebraica; sendo muito mais uma criação cristã que judaica.
Sob o céu de Chacaltaya
Authors: Zylbersztajn Arden
Published: June 2018

Sob o céu de Chacaltaya
Paz interior
Authors: Candido Juliano Klevanskis
Published: June 2018

Paz interior
A travessia de Moisés II
Authors: Rosenbaum Paulo
Published: June 2018

A travessia de Moisés II
Arranjar e desarranjar o sagrado: crime, pecado, monstruosidade
Authors: Souza Rosemary Ferreira de
Published: June 2018

Resenha a: JEHA, Julio; NASCIMENTO, Lyslei (Org.). Estudos judaicos: crimes, pecados, monstruosidades.  São Paulo: Humanitas, 2017. 168 p.
Sintonia fina entre ficção e realidade
Authors: Levy Sofia Débora
Published: June 2018

Resenha a: VALENTE, Luize. Sonata em Auschwitz. Rio de Janeiro: Record, 2017. 376 p.
Reflexões sobre as matriarcas de Rumo ao farol, de Virginia Woolf, e No exílio, de Elisa Lispector
Authors: Razera Gisélle
Published: June 2018

Neste artigo, apresenta-se um cotejo entre a Sra. Ramsay, de Rumo ao farol, de Virginia Woolf, e Marim Lispector, de No exílio, de Elisa Lispector. Nesta análise, privilegiou-se observar as interferências de um conflito no quotidiano de mulheres europeias nas primeiras décadas do século XX, levando em conta o papel social reservado ao gênero feminino naquele contexto.
Expert Perspective on the American Diabetes Association Dietary Guidelines for Patients with Diabetes
Authors: Lardinois Claude K
Published: June 2018

Nearly half of American adults have prediabetes or diabetes, and more than 30 million adults and children have diabetes.1 Optimum nutrition is important in preventing diabetes, managing existing diabetes, and preventing the development of diabetes complications. The American Diabetes Association (ADA) therefore provides dietary guidelines in its “Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes”.2
Treatment Options for Pediatric Diabetes
Authors: Marcovecchio M Loredana
Published: June 2018

The needs of pediatric patients with diabetes differ from those of adults. Challenges include growth and development, and care outside of the home, such as in the school setting. In addition, in type 2 diabetes, there are fewer treatment options for pediatric patients; while recent years have seen the approval of many glucose-lowering drugs for adults, only metformin and insulin are approved in patients aged under 18 years. In an expert interview, M Loredana Marcovecchio, of the University of Cambridge, UK, discusses recent advances and remaining challenges in the treatment of pediatric patients with both type 1 and type 2 diabetes.
The GlucoCoper—A Salutogenic Approach to Diabetes Distress
Authors: Kalra Sanjay , Bathla Manish , Khandelwal Deepak
Published: June 2018

This communication describes the need for a salutogenic (health-promoting) attitude in our thoughts, communication, and action while managing diabetes. Such an approach is more patient-friendly than a pathogenesis or disease-based framework of medicine. Keeping this in mind, it could be more appropriate to measure positive aspects of life with diabetes, such as coping skills, rather than diabetes distress, which has a negative connotation. This article describes the utility of the GlucoCoper in screening, diagnosing, and managing diabetes distress.
CT Scan importance in the first eight hours of head injury
Authors: Alfageeh Mohammed , Bahran Moneerah , Albargi Sultan , Althomali Ibrahim , Alzahrani Adnan , Al-Buqaisi Amal , Al-Ramadhan Mahdi , Hussain Abdullah , Alghamdi Abdullah , Alsuhaibani Khalid
Published: June 2018

Traumatic brain injury following head injury is a major public health problem that can result in significant long-term morbidity and mortality among adults and children worldwide. Emergency brain imaging is necessary for individuals subjected to traumatic brain injury to early detect treatable conditions. Prompt neurosurgical management of treatable conditions can prevent further damage and secondary neurological deficits. This will subsequently improve the outcome and reduce long-term disability. Computed Tomography (CT) of the brain is the investigation of choice for assessment of patients with head injury due to its availability, advantages, and sensitivity for multiple lesions following head trauma. This article will review and discuss the importance of CT imaging in evaluating patients with traumatic brain injury, its advantages, limitations, and prognostic values.
Cyclooxygenase-2 expression in squamous cell carcinoma of larynx: association with clinico-pathological factors and treatment outcomes
Authors: Iype Elizabeth Mathew , Balakrishna Rajan , Subhadradevi Lakshmi , Vinoda Thulaseedharan Jissa , Singh Rajesh , K. Jayasree
Published: June 2018

Background: Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of larynx is widely prevalent in India and is one of the leading cancers in males. Tumor Cyclooxygenase-2 (Cox-2) expression can be used as a prognostic and predictive marker in laryngeal SCC. The primary objective of the present study was to determine the association between tumor Cox-2 expression and clinico-pathological characteristics and treatment outcome in patients with LSCC. Secondly, to evaluate the clinical utility of Cox-2 expression as a tool, to decide treatment strategy for LSCC.

Methods: Seventy two patients with stage III and IV LSCC who underwent upfront surgery were included in this study. Tumor Cox-2 expression was analysed by immunohistochemistry using standard Streptavidin biotin method.  

Results: Thirty seven patients had pathological node involvement, ipsilateral in 35 and bilateral in two. Cox-2 was intensely expressed in patients with advanced (N2/N3) nodal disease and perineural invasion. There was no significant difference in 5 year disease free survival and overall survival when Cox-2 was correlated with perineural invasion, extra capsular spread and the T and N stage of the disease.

Conclusions: Preoperative Cox-2 analysis can be used to individualize need for routine neck dissection in cases of locally advanced laryngeal carcinoma.
BMW DRIVE AND ARD WATCH. EMANCIPATION APPEARANCE IN INITIAL SHORTWORDS
Authors: Kutt L.
Published: June 2018

Who knows offhand, that in German ARD stands for Arbeitsgemeinschaft der offentlich-rechtlichen Rundfunkanstalten der Bundesrepublik Deutschland or BAfoG for Bundesausbildungs-forderungsgesetz? Word shortening is a very productive category of word formation and characteristic for professional jargon and both common and specific usage of speech in the 20th  and 21st centuries. Reasons for the quantitative growth of the results of word shortening are first enlargement of words (e. g. compounds) with longer terms and their inefficient functions in the process of communicating. On a second step, these extended terms can be condensed into a new and shortened forms that carry the same meaning as the original forms and benefit some communicative advantages. Furthermore an increase of lexemes with an origin beside the modern German language (e. g. LASER, FAQ) can also be observed.Short terms, acronyms and initialisms including features of language economy and intransparent morphological structure enable efficient communication and a creative use of language. They can also be used to express familiarity, special purposes and hints at implied social bonds among the people employing them. Because of the difficulties of outgroup members with decoding the semantic content or meaning of shortened forms, they also indicate group affiliation. Depending on the speaker‘s awareness and knowledge of speech, results of shortening processes can sometimes lose their link to the original and be gradually independent and unchangeable with their longer originals. Redundancies and repetitions of morphemes and constituents are common and popular implications.With some kind of semantic excess or deficit the results of word shortening differ from their former longer terms. This article and its empirical analysis describes current developments of initialisms focusing on frequency in authentic texts and semantic differences between shortened and long terms. Based on a survey, this article shows how initialisms undergo a change of meaning when used in different contexts and modalities and describes causes and consequences.
CHUVASH IN THE SETTLEMENT AND AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT OF THE SAMARA TRANSVOLGA REGION FROM THE END OF THE XVII CENTURY UNTIL THE BEGINNING OF 1760-IES
Authors: Smirnov Yu. N.
Published: June 2018

The article is devoted to the participation of the Chuvash in the development of newly incorporated lands in the southeast of European Russia at the end of the 17th – 18th centuries. The share of the Chuvash settlers among all arrivals to these lands in separate periods of time is calculated. It was particularly noticeable and remained the largest among all ethnic groups at the very beginning of the Transvolga settlement. Areas of their exit are determined. The counties on the right bank of the Middle Volga region and in the Trans-Kama region which were the administrative parts of the Simbirsk, Samara, and Kazan districts became the most notable in terms of the number of settlers from them. The overwhelming majority of the Chuvash peasant migrants belonged to the category of state peasants. They were an important component of a stream of free colonization of the Russian outlying areas. Among the migrants from the state peasants, those who came to the new lands voluntarily prevailed. Among the serfs, resettled here by their owners, there were not Chuvashes. The participation of the Chuvash in the settlement of the Samara Region at the end of the XVII–XVIII centuries, as shown in the article, was of great importance for the fairly rapid and successful development of it at the initial stage. Their participation in many ways determined the ethnic and class composition of the inhabitants, the location and the infrastructure of settlements, created the prerequisites for the development of the resettlement movement in the subsequent time. Thanks to the agricultural settled settlement by the Chuvash people and the representatives of other peoples of Russia, during the development of the Forest-steppe and Steppe Transvolga region, in the 19th century it has become one of the leading agrarian regions of the country, actively included in the domestic and foreign markets.
SPECIFIC FEATURES OF SPORT EVENTS REPRESENTATION IN DISCOURSE: BASED ON THE MATERIAL OF ENGLISH FICTIONAL TEXTS
Authors: Bezborodnikova E. V.
Published: June 2018

The article deals with the study of specific features of sport events representation in English fictional discourse on the material of the novel «Saturday» by a British writer Ian McEwan. The article combines both a review of the theory on the question of cognitive models and specific features of fiction and sports discourse, and analysis of the text. Within the framework of this particular research models of the author’s sport events representation are analysed with a view to distinguishing their specific discursive dominants. The author of the article considers that such discursive dominants as psychological state of participants, their perception of a site and circumstances of an event are specific to the author’s sport events representation in English fictional discourse. As s result of the conducted research it was discovered that intensification of certain types of discursive dominants is determined by the pragmatic purpose of the author of the text; in this particular case the intention of the author of the fiction text is an effort to exert influence on the reader by portraying the inward life and surroundings of characters and their mutual relations in a detailed and vivid way. The article also considers such feature of the kind of texts under analysis as introspection; in the course of the whole description of the sport event the main character asks himself numerous fundamental questions about his existence. Within the framework of the conducted research the phenomenon of interdiscursivity was studied; in this case it is regarded as a specific feature of dialogic textual interaction between texts belonging to fiction and sports discourse. The result of this interaction is the usage by the author of this fictional text of significant number of lexemes denoting various things relating to squash – a traditional British ball game. The article also deals with the specific linguistic means used by the author with the purpose of influencing the reader.
Prefixes with THE meaning «circle» in the Russian language
Authors: Reznikova E. V.
Published: June 2018

The article deals with means of representation of the concept of «circle» in the Russian language picture of the world and poses a question on incorporating prefixes with the meaning «circle» in these means of representation. Most scientists consider only lexical and phraseological units to be the means of verbalizing the concept, but some concepts (as seen, in the first place are space concepts, geometric concepts) can also be embodied by word-formative formants. Prefixes vokrug-, okolo-, derived on autonomous words with roots -krug- and -kol- (on the prepositions vokrug and okolo, formed from adverbs vokrug and okolo), underived prefixes o- / ob, pri- and foreign language prefix peri-, which is often allocated only etymologically (see the words period, periphery, pericardium, etc.) are analyzed. The relationship with the concept «circle» is most clearly seen in the derivative prefixes vokrug- and okolo-, moreover the following dependence is detected: the less defined this relationship in the corresponding prefix (in particular, the prefix okolo-), the wider its semantics and wider lexeme’s complex, to which it is able to join. Between primitive prefixes the most diverse circular conveys the semantics of the prefix o- / ob-. Prefixes with meaning «circle» embody one of the image-schemes of the concept «circle», namely «the ratio of the center and periphery», which is expressed in terms of meanings «to do something around something» / «to be around something», «to be near something», «to be joined with something» or «to be beside something», «in circumvention of something». Prefix’s meaning «circle» is often supported by word root or a context, but prefixes can express this meaning by combining with other word roots, in other words, can express the circle meaning in standalone mode. So means of representation of the concept «circle» must include prefixes with the same semantics.
THE USE OF ACTIVE AND INTERACTIVE TEACHING METHODS IN THE STUDY OF SCIENTIFIC STYLE OF THE RUSSIAN LANGUAGE BY STUDENTS OF TECHNICAL SPECIALTIES AND TRAINING AREAS
Authors: Mareva M. V.
Published: June 2018

The article is devoted to the problems of teaching humanitarian disciplines to students studying in technical specialties and training areas. It gives recommendations on how to use the active and interactive teaching methods to make the process of mastering the scientific style of the Russian language more effective, as well as relevant and interesting for students. The value of this work is due to a number of factors. First, the use of active forms of training in classes in subjects with conservative content presents a certain difficulty. Secondly, students of technical specialties and training areas, mastering the scientific style in the first year, do not always realize the value of the acquired knowledge in solving compulsory teaching problems and their conjugation with self-development and professional growth. Third, the severity of book styles is psychologically alien to them. The purpose of this work is to overcome the typical for the traditional teaching system of stylistics of reproductive forms of education, in which the student is assigned a passive role.According to the author of the article, the study of the designated section of the discipline «The Russian Language and the Culture of Speech» should be based on such principles as practical orientation of teaching, encouragement of equal interaction between all participants in the educational process, and increased emotional involvement of students.The paper considers the possibilities of using the following methods of active and interactive learning: solving problem problems, mutual learning, discussion, competition, role play, training; specific examples of their use are given. These methods are presented in accordance with the stages of mastering the educational material. So, the expediency of addressing to methods of problem training during initial acquaintance with the material is grounded. At the second stage – the stage of comprehension – it is important to introduce the elements of the game. At the stage of consolidation of the received knowledge, the methods of mutual learning are effective, the organization of competition in the performance of standard exercises, games. The article reflects the scenarios of games «Translation Bureau» and «Linguistic crocodile», which contribute to replenishment of the vocabulary of students with general scientific and terminological vocabulary and the derivation of this lexical layer from the passive vocabulary. At the stage of mastering the material for the application of the skills of a full critical analysis of the scientific text, it is recommended to organize role games, discussions, trainings (themes, ideas and scenarios are presented).According to the author of the article, the described approach to the study of this section of stylistics is broader than the traditional one and corresponds to the current demands of the society for literate and promising young scientists.
METAPHORICAL IMAGE OF PLAY A musical instrument in THE LIGHT OF STRUCTURAL TYPOLOGY OF CONCEPTS
Authors: Meshchanova N. G.
Published: June 2018

The article is devoted to the consideration of the metaphorical image of play a musical instrument in its relation to the structural types of concepts. The proposition is one of the main principles of the deployment of the image. It presupposes the reflection of the typical scheme of play a musical instrument in these metaphors. Typical scheme of play a musical instrument consists of such components as the playing subject, his actions (the play), the instrument and the perceiving subject. The words which name these components are the representatives of the image of play a musical instrument. Comprehension of the role of each component in the typical scheme determines the direction of the semantic development of the image. The image can also be represented as the script and the frame. When the temporary aspect of the deployment of the proposition is actualized, the image realizes the potentialities of the script. When the proposition is presented in the aspect of relation of the whole and its parts, this image can be considered as the frame. The image of play a musical instrument is correlated with the represent, because these metaphors contain information received by the senses. In this case the emphasis from the typical scheme shifts toward his visual or auditive perception. Describing abstract phenomena, these metaphors combine different types of conceptualized information about the object and correspond to the gestalt. In these contexts the understanding of the propositional scheme of the process, its development in time, visual and auditory perception, etc., are important for the formation of the image. So, the image of play a musical instrument can be correlated with various structural types of concepts. And it confirms the ability of the metaphorical image-concept to differently reflection of information on the meaningful denotate.
TRUE STORY OF «POOR, POOR» PAVEL
Authors: Zhurcheva O. V.
Published: June 2018

Review on the multi-authored monograph «Play by D.S. Merezhkovsky «Pavel I»: contexts, intertexts, metatexts», published in Nosov Magnitogorsk State Technical University is devoted to the discussion of historiosophical concept of D.S. Merezhkovsky, embodied in the play «Pavel I». It is noted that in monograph some promising approaches to the activity of a writer such as: sycretic approach to the investigation of a literary work; search of reasonable balance of documental (historical, original) and fictional principle in the play by D.S. Merezhkovsky; wide historical, philosophical, literary, sociocultural context of an investigated work are viewed.
ON ACHIEVEMENTS AND PROBLEMS OF MODERN DOMESTIC HISTORIOGRAPHY OF PEASANT RELIANCE MOVEMENT IN RUSSIA IN THE YEARS OF THE CIVIL WAR
Authors: Kondrashin V. V.
Published: June 2018

The article analyzes the achievements and problems in the field of studying by Russian researchers of the history of peasant rebel movement in Russia during the Civil War.The focus is research projects on the history of peasant movement in Russia during the Civil War of the Saratov historian A.V. Posadsky, who managed to combine historians from different regions to write three collective monographs on the subject. The article describes the works of the project of the Russian Foundation for Basic Research «The Russian Peasantry in the Age of Revolutions and Civil War: Regional-National Aspect». They are prepared for publication by a team of regional historians under the leadership of V.A. Yurchenkova and V.V. Kondrashin. The author of the article concludes about the scientific significance of this project and the need for further study of the problem at the regional level. Particular attention is paid in the article to the reflection in the publications of Russian historians of the terminology of peasant rebel movement during the Civil War. What was it: «The Great Peasant War», «peasant front», «peasant revolution»? Is it possible to use such definitions as «guerrilla movement», «partisan struggle» etc. during the analysis of the insurgent movement of peasants during this period? The article analyzes the publications of contemporary Russian historians about the leaders of peasant rebel movement in Russia during the Civil War, points out the need for further study by researchers of such aspects of the problem as the influence on peasant uprisings of the party of Socialist-Revolutionaries and white regimes.The author highlights the work of Russian researchers on the importance of natural and demographic factor in peasant performances in the Russian regions during the Civil War against the policy of Soviet government.
«POVILAITIS’ CASE» AND THE CRISIS OF THE SOVIET-LITHUANIAN RELATIONS IN MAY-JUNE, 1940
Authors: Dyukov A. R.
Published: June 2018

This article is based on the diplomatic documents from Lithuanian, Latvian and Russian archives. It is conserned with the critical moment of relations between Soviet Union and Lithuania in May-June, 1940 and the resulting changments of the Lithuanian government. It was a background for the further including of Lithuania in USSR as a republic. The article emphazises the charges exposed by the Soviet party concerning the Lithuanian secret agencies and personally the director of the Department of State Security (VSD) of Lithuania A. Povilaytis, as well as the reaction of the Lithuanian officials to it.In the spring of 1940 the possibility of transition of Lithuania to the German sphere of influence was considered by the Kremlin as real threat to the security of the Soviet Union. While Germany has been busy fighting in the West, this threat remained eventual; however rapid victory of Germany in May, 1940 has cardinally changed a situation. The situation was aggravated with the fact that in February, 1940 the director of VSD A. Povilaytis visited Berlin where he met the high-ranking employees of RSHA and upon the request of the president A. Smetona probed a question of possible establishment of the German protectorate over Lithuania. Thanks to the activity of the Soviet investigation intelligence on this visit became soon known to the Kremlin.Under these circumstances Povilaytis’s figure gained huge political value. As the sondage of a possibility of establishment of the German protectorate was carried out through him, that was essentially important for Moscow to see Povilaytis behind the bars. This arrest would at the same time be both the true evidence of loyalty of the Lithuanian authorities, and the end of the cooperation between intelligence agencies of Germany and Lithuania. Due to this reason the Soviet side tried to obtain Povilaytis’s arrest with that much of an effort. However the Kremlin couldn’t show direct charges to Povilaytis in contacts with Germans, because it would mean the declassification of the most valuable agent of the Soviet intelligence.
PROFESSIONAL STANDARDS AND ISSUES OF CONSTRUCTION OF A SUCCESSFUL CAREER: POINTS OF CONTRACTION
Authors: Pecherskaya E. P. , Tarasova T. M.
Published: June 2018

This article is devoted to the introduction of professional standards, the requirements for the competencies of modern leaders, as well as the study of the motives, incentives and obstacles encountered in the path of successful career development. The materials of the interview and the results of the questionnaire allowed us to assess the impact of professional education on the success of building a career and propose recommendations that should be further guided in the modern world. The main motives for building a career for men and women are mostly the same. However, men build their careers for self-fulfillment and to justify the expectations of others. Women who have successfully realized themselves in their careers, are still an exception to the rules, although they are very rational with targeted career growth. The results of the research showed that financial well-being is often not the root cause of career growth, but only a supplement to the formal recognition of employee achievements. The EU countries have accumulated positive experience of the interconnection of business and education based on the introduction of national systems of professional qualifications, which allowed European universities not only to significantly develop their human resources, but also to respond quickly to the ever-changing demands of the business community in the new conditions of the digital economy. Studying the experience of the leading European universities and further networking will allow using the accumulated potential to promote national systems of professional qualifications, transform it taking into account national peculiarities and priorities, accomplish the tasks in the shortest possible time, and increase the sustainable readiness of business, the social environment and universities for systemic interaction.
TRAINING AND COGNITIVE ACTIVITY OF STUDENTS OF HIGHER EDUCATION ON THE INTERNET MEDIUM
Authors: Ivanushkina N. V.
Published: June 2018

The article evaluates the effective use of media in education, emphasizes their role for modern social development in general. The relevance of the topic is not only for higher education, but also for general secondary vocational education. It is pointed out that the use of sites, social networks, messaging services promotes accessibility, openness, mobility, interactivity when organizing work with students. In this regard, the creation of such favorable conditions and the provision of a wide range of opportunities orient students to receive, process and use information to the extent necessary for their self-development, self-education and self-improvement. It is noted that this is facilitated by the organization of educational and cognitive activities of students in the Internet environment in the framework of academic disciplines. The article presents an analysis of studies devoted to the study of the essence of the concept of «educational and cognitive activity» of students. The specifics of its organization in a specially created environment - on the Internet, as well as the similarity of the term with the term «educational activity», are noted, but they are not synonymous. It is suggested to consider educational and cognitive activity not only as a process of conscious, goal-oriented, self-directed activity of the student in solving educational and cognitive tasks, but also as the subject’s activity in certain conditions.The article also analyzes the concepts of «reflection» and «self-esteem» as components of educational and cognitive activity of university students, and also determines the level of their formation among students as a result of their work with media resources within the framework of the training course «Psychology and Pedagogy.»