bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Choice of conduit for coronary artery bypass grafting: technical, anatomic, and pharmacologic considerations
Authors: Harik Lamia , An Kevin R. , Dimagli Arnaldo , Perezgrovas-Olaria Roberto , Soletti Giovanni Jr , Leith Jordan , Dell'Aquila Michele , Rossi Camilla , Cancelli Gianmarco , Gaudino Mario
Published: November 2023

The choice of graft used to bypass stenoses in the coronary circulation is crucial to coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) surgery and its success. Herein is a review of the existing literature on CABG grafts, including the discussion of utilization of different CABG grafts, patency of different grafts, and technical and other considerations pertinent to the use of each graft. Lastly, we present special considerations for graft selection in women.
IMPLEMENTASI ANALISIS SWOT DALAM STRATEGI PEMASARAN PADA PENGEMBANGAN PERBANKAN SYARIAH DI INDONESIA
Authors: Pradita Putri Berliana , Muhammad Iqbal Fasa  , Suharto
Published: November 2023

ABSTRACT

Marketing strategy is a planned and structured marketing procedure that will be carried out to achieve company goals. Along with the development of similar companies, competition is inevitable, especially in the banking industry. To face this competition, a company’s marketing of its products requires a process of understanding the company’s internal situation and the external environment in which the company will compete. This study aims to find out how Islamic banks must carry out marketing strategies in the face of competition in the future using SWOT analysis. Thus, the development of a marketing strategy based on the interpretation of the SWOT analysis of Islamic banks, namely: 1) SO (Strengths-Opportunities) Strategy, 2) WO (Weaknesses-Opportunities) Strategy, 3) ST (Strengths-Threats) Strategy, 4) WT (Weaknesses-Threats) Strategy.

Keywords: Marketing strategy, Islamic bank, SWOT analysis

ABSTRAK

Strategi pemasaran adalah suatu tata cara atau prosedur pemasaran yang terencana dan terstruktur yang akan dilakukan untuk mencapai tujuan perusahaan. Seiring dengan perkembangan perusahaan sejenis, persaingan tidak dapat dihindarkan, khususnya di industri perbankan. Untuk menghadapi persaingan ini, pemasaran suatu perusahaan terhadap produknya memerlukan suatu proses pemahaman situasi internal perusahaan maupun lingkungan eksternal dimana perusahaan akan bersaing. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui bagaimana bank syariah harus melakukan strategi pemasaran dalam menghadapi persaingan di masa yang akan datang menggunakan analisis SWOT. Dengan demikian, pengembangan strategi pemasaran dari hasil interpretasi analisis SWOT bank syariah, yaitu: 1) Strategi SO (Strengths-Opportunities), 2) Strategi WO (Weaknesses-Opportunities), 3) Strategi ST (Strengths-Threats), 4) Strategi WT (Weaknesses-Threats).

Kata kunci: Strategi marketing, bank syariah, analisis SWOT
Failure Risk Analysis of SMEs based on ISO 31000
Authors: Muthmainnah Syarifah , Immawan Taufiq
Published: November 2023

Higher competition makes Indonesian SMEs continue to improve their competitiveness, as it became the biggest driver of the national economy. The limitations of SMEs in the process of meeting customer demands are a major problem so that the risk of process failure accepted by SMEs is quite large. Therefore, this study aims to reduce the level of risk failure in SMEs to be able to increase success in meeting customer demand. The UKM used as a case study in this research is CV.Z, which is engaged in the fashion sector with made to order system. To reduce risk, the risk management process adopted adopts the approach of ISO 31000 as an international risk management standard. In the process of assessing the magnitude of the risk, the Failure Mode Effect Analysis (FMEA) technique was used in this study. The result is that as many as 38 failure modes were identified in the production process, with the highest Risk Priority Number (RPN) value 162. Corrective action was taken in the largest RPN failure mode by applying new methods and providing training to workers. It is expected that implementing corrective actions can reduce the failure rate in the process in SMEs.
Optimistic Bias Pengguna Flight Simulator
Authors: Utomo Bagus Wahyu , Suliartha Esa Rengganis , Santoso Prasidananto Nur
Published: November 2023

Optimistic bias adalah fenomena kognitif di mana seseorang cenderung meremehkan risiko negatif dan meremehkan peluang positif dalam konteks situasi atau keputusan. Sebuah studi menunjukan bahwa peningkatan beban kerja mental dikaitkan dengan penurunan tingkat akurasi dalam mendeteksi informasi dan waktu reaksi yang lebih lama. Seorang pilot melakukan manuver lebih baik ketika respon stres nya lebih rendah. Berdasarkan latar belakang masalah tersebut perlu untuk dilakukan penelitian untuk mengetahui apakah pengguna flight simulator mengalami optimistic bias. Secara statistik dapat disimpulkan bahwa terdapat kesalahan sistematis / bias pada data akurasi estimasi score penyelesaian tugas menggunakan flight simulator. Responden pengguna flight simulator terlalu optimis dalam mengestimasi nilai / skor penyelesaian tugas. Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah optimistic bias terjadi pada akurasi estimasi nilai / skor penyelesaian tugas menggunakan flight simulator. Berdasarkan hasil wawancara bahwa responden menginginkan nilai atau skor yang lebih baik pada penyelesaian tugas berikutnya. Hal inilah yang menjadi salah satu penyebab terjadinya optimistic bias.
Formulation and Characterization of a Microencapsulant of Sungkai Leaves Ethanol Extract (Peronema canescens Jack)
Authors: Tarigan Indra Lasmana , Farah Farah , Puspitasari Ratih Dyah , Latief Madyawati
Published: November 2023

Background: Sungkai plant (Peronema canescens Jack.) is one of the medicinal plants widely grown in Indonesia. In recent years, Sungkai (Peronema canescens Jack) leaves have sparked particular interest for their health benefits. In this study, microencapsulation was conducted on an ethanol extract of Sungkai leaves (Peronema canescens Jack.) using three types of coating materials (maltodextrin, inulin, and Arabic gum) at various concentrations. Objectives: to determine the best microencapsulation formulation using maltodextrin, inulin, and Arabic gum at various concentrations.  Methods: Microencapsulation was performed using the extrusion method. Characterization of the best microencapsulant was done by measuring physico-chemical, morphological, and IR properties, and antioxidant activity testing was done using the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) method. Results: Microencapsulant A1 has better physico-chemical properties compared to other microencapsulant samples. The results of the morphological analysis of sample A1 using SEM showed a smooth surface with a slightly round shape, as well as minimal wall folds and cracks, indicating that the product has good stability. The results of the functional group analysis of sample A1 using FTIR also showed that the ethanol extract of Sungkai leaves was well encapsulated. Conclusions: The best formulation to make microencapsulant of ethanol extract of Sungkai leaves is formulation A1 using Arabic gum dressing material.
TOLERANSI SEBAGAI IMPLEMENTASI KAMPUS BENTENG PANCASILA DALAM UPAYA ANTISIPASI DISINTEGRASI BANGSA
Authors: Hastuti Apriliyan Tri , Sariyatun Sariyatun , Ediyono Suryo
Published: November 2023

Indonesia is a country with a diversity of tribes, nations, races and religions. Plurality in Indonesia requires creating a tolerant attitude for equality and human welfare. University as a means of higher education teaches moral and ethical values in building social justice. The cultivation of moral and ethical values begins in a small scope such as at a university and is then implemented in social life.
Tolerance is one of the efforts to anticipate divisions between tribes, nations, races and religions. The entry of a new culture from outside is a challenge to form an attitude of tolerance.  The threat of national disintegration is a major problem in realizing social justice. Moral education and character education are one of the preventive measures needed to anticipate the possibilities that may occur. Sebelas Maret University is a university that upholds tolerance with the slogan Campus Fort Pancasila. Various students with their respective cultures characterize Sebelas Maret University. Diversity at Sebelas Maret University teaches the academic community to implement an attitude of tolerance.
KI HAJAR DEWANTARA'S EDUCATIONAL PHILOSOPHY AS AN EFFORT TO STRENGTHEN HISTORICAL LITERACY IN THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION ERA 4.0
Authors: Rosanawati I Made Ratih , Warto Warto , Djono Djono , Purwanta Hieronymus
Published: November 2023

Ki Hajar Dewantara emphasized that teachers encourage their students to follow the right path by inspiring and motivating them with the right thoughts. Once students are moving on the right track, teachers should try to seek every opportunity for advancement for them without much interference. Education is a demand in the life of growing children. The purpose of education is to guide all the natural forces that exist in these children so that they as human beings and as members of society can achieve the highest safety and happiness. Education is the key to success in entering the 4.0 industrial revolution and can also shape the nation's character. Writing this article uses qualitative research methods because it wants to explore descriptive phenomena that cannot be quantified. Thus, qualitative research is not only an attempt to describe data but a description of the results of valid data collection, namely through in-depth interviews, observation and documentation. The data collection tool or research instrument is the researcher himself, who immediately goes into the field.
PRACTICING STUDENTS' HISTORICAL THINKING SKILLS IN LEARNING PUBLIC HISTORY
Authors: Amin Syaiful , Sariyatun Sariyatun , Gunarhadi Gunarhadi , Purwanta Hieronymus
Published: November 2023

Public history in Semarang has not been properly utilized to train students' historical thinking skills. This study aims to analyze the potential of public history in Semarang to train students' historical thinking skills. The method used in this research is qualitative with a descriptive approach. The results of the study show that the potential for public history in Semarang, especially the Dutch East Indies colonial remains, can be utilized to learn about the history of colonialism. The potential for public history can be exploited by applying the discovery learning model with the outing class method. This learning model can strengthen students' historical thinking skills and trigger an anti-colonial attitude. In conclusion, public history is a potential that can be used to train students' historical thinking skills.
PENGARUH METODE PEMBELAJARAN OUTDOOR STUDY BERBASIS PERMAINAN TRADISIONAL ENGKLEK TERHADAP KETERAMPILAN SOSIAL SISWA PADA MATA PELAJARAN IPS (Studi Pre-Eksperimental pada Siswa Kelas 5 di SDIT Persis 99 Rancabango)
Authors: Dawiyyah Dhea Salma , Nurjamaludin Muhammad , Mutaqin Ejen Jenal
Published: November 2023

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of outdoor study methods based on traditional hopscotch games on students' social skills in social studies subjects. The formulation of the problem in this research is whether the outdoor study method based on the traditional hopscotch game affects students' social skills in social studies subjects. The method used is an experimental method. The instrument used in this study was a social skills questionnaire grid from the Gresham category of social skills dimensions. The population in this study were VA class students at SDIT Persis 99 Rancabango, with a total of 21 students. The research sample consisted of 15 statements taken using saturated sampling techniques. Based on the results of testing and data analysis, it was determined that t-count of social skills was 22.43 > t-table 2.08, so h1 was accepted, meaning that there was an influence of outdoor study learning methods based on traditional hopscotch games on students' social skills in social studies class V.
System application strategy of the PowerFactory software environment for professional training under the electrical energy educational program
Authors: Rudevich Nataliia , Gapon Dmytro
Published: November 2023

The paper analyzes the scope of application of the PowerFactory software complex in our country and abroad. The need to integrate the program into the educational process of higher technical institutions of Ukraine was determined. A strategy for the systematic application of the PowerFactory program for the professional training of future specialists in the power industry has been formulated. General recommendations on the integration of the program into the three-level system of training under the educational program “Electroenergetics” have been developed. In particular, based on the results of studies of the first bachelor’s level of higher education, basic knowledge and skills should be formed in the calculation of stable and transient modes, short-circuit currents and stability of power systems, starting electric motors, indicators of the quality of electric energy, network protection, including with the help of a program. This will allow to fully ensure the conceptual and analytical level of assimilation of knowledge. The second master’s level of training should involve mastering the skills of solving atypical professional tasks in the design of electric power facilities and relay protection and automation systems, optimization of modes, dispatch control and prospective development of the network in the PowerFactory environment. This will contribute to the productive and synthetic level of assimilation of the educational material. Mastering the DigSilent – DPL programming language and program interfaces should be a mandatory component of the training of PhD candidates. All this will allow in the future to solve complex problems within the scope of their dissertation research, which may be related to the planning and introduction of the energy system regime, improving the quality of electric energy, coordinating the operation of relay protection systems, automation and power electronics, optimizing the operation of distributed generation sources, ensuring reliability and stability of energy systems, etc.
Development of models of current relays and power direction relays in the MATLAB software
Authors: Petrovskyi Mykhailo Vasylovych , Kramskyi Ihor Oleksandrovych , Diahovchenko Illia Mykolaiovych , Lebedka Serhii Mykolaiovych , Borzenkov Ihor Ivanovych
Published: November 2023

During pandemics and military aggressions, the continuation of education is ensured by the active implementation of distance learning technologies. A significant number of real-life processes can be described using mathematical models. Their further implementation in the program code and the finished software product allows them to be effectively used in virtual studies of relay protection schemes. For the correct functionality of any virtual relay or protection complex, it is necessary to build a model that takes into account the real characteristics of its constituent elements. In case of absence of the latter, they should be determined empirically. To create a virtual laboratory work on the study of the RT-40 current relay, based on the parameters specified in the passport for this device, an algorithm was created that allows the user to interactively determine the main characteristics of the relay: tripping current, release current, and response time depending on the current through the relay using various circuit elements (sliders, regulators, etc.). The algorithm of the program “Research of characteristics of power direction relay RBM-171” uses the angular characteristics and sensitivity characteristics of the real relay RBM-171, which were converted into digital form. For the RBM-178 relay, which has a different connection scheme and maximum sensitivity angle from the previous test stand, a separate test stand “Study of the RBM-178 power direction relay” was created. The logic of its operation is based on the detection of zero-sequence currents and voltages using the method of symmetrical components. All laboratory circuits have visualization and indication of the states of the circuit elements present on the stands. This allows the user to achieve more accurate results and get closer to testing relays in real laboratory conditions.
Development of a professional game for power engineers “Professional”
Authors: Khomenko Igor , Panfilov Yurii , Omelianenko Halyna
Published: November 2023

The article considers the development of a professional game for training and testing of electric power engineers “Professional”. It is based on modern knowledge in the field of electric power engineering and engineering pedagogy. The main characteristics of the software and requirements for the computer hardware are presented. The development implements a new methodology for game-based training and testing of electricians and can be used at all stages of training an electrical engineer. The considered methodology is based on competence-based approaches. The aim of the development is to intensify and improve the efficiency of the educational process through the introduction of new teaching technologies. The technical capabilities of the software allow for both individual and team work of students and electric power personnel.
Development of measures to optimise the modes of 10 kV electrical networks
Authors: Dovgalyuk Oksana , Savchenko Natalia , Batalin Viktor , Bilokon Hennadii
Published: November 2023

The article considers the peculiarities of the structure and functioning of distribution electric power networks of Ukraine. A list of technical and organisational measures has been determined, which, both at the design and operation stages, provide for the possibility of using modern technical means and control technologies to ensure regulatory requirements for the parameters of modes, indicators of the quality of electricity and reliability of electricity supply to consumers, and are the most appropriate for improving the efficiency of distribution electric networks. The paper proposes a criterion for optimising the modes of distribution electric networks, which takes into account the nature of load changes, peculiarities of voltage regulation and reactive power compensation in electric networks, as well as the availability of sources of distributed generation and energy storage systems in the network, and additionally provides for the possibility of analysing the operating conditions of generation devices and power equipment. For the studied 10 kV electrical networks, measures have been developed to ensure the conditions for optimising operating modes with regard to these factors. A description of the proposed algorithm for selecting the most appropriate of the developed measures is given, which takes into account the current situation in the electricity market, general global trends in the development of distribution electric networks, current trends and prospects for the development of technical means of ensuring the parameters of the mode of electric networks, automation systems and intelligent control systems for the modes of the studied electric networks, as well as indicators of power supply reliability and quality of electricity supply services to consumers.
Character Transformation of Naposo Nauli Bulung in Religious Practice in South Tapanuli Regency
Authors: Putra Dedisyah , Hamid Asrul , Nst Andri Muda , Edi Sabrun
Published: November 2023

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memahami transformasi karakter Naposo Nauli Bulung sebagai refleksi pengamalan keagamaan di Kabupaten Tapanuli Selatan. Penelitian ini merupakan grounded research dengan pendekatan kualitatif yang bersifat deskriptif, pengumpulan data dengan metode wawancara, observasi dan dokumentasi dengan teknis analisa interpretif. Hasil penelitian ditemukan bahwa transformasi karakter Naposo Nauli Bulung yang terjadi pada masyarakat Tapanuli Selatan dipengaruhi dinamika perubahan sosial yang disebabkan oleh era globalisasi dan keterbukaan informasi serta maraknya media sosial dan game online sehingga mengakibatkan rendahnya pengamalan keagamaannya, seperti rendahnya minat membaca Alquran, sholat berjamah, dan pengajian dalam majelis ta’lim. Untuk mengantisipasi hal tersebut diperlukan integrasi nilai-nilai agama ke dalam adat kebiasaan masyarakat serta melalui pendidikan dan motivasi dari orang tua, keluarga, tokoh adat ataupun agama dan seluruh masyarakat sehingga tercipta akhlakul karimah yang tercermin dalam sikap dan perilaku Naposo Nauli Bulung dalam mengamalkan praktik keagamaan sesuai dengan nilai-nilai qur’ani.
Maternal Health among the Kazakh people of Bayan-Ölgii province, Mongolia
Authors: Tran AiVi , Habidan Omirgul , Yerbolat Umit , Hurmethan Erkegul , Kharakhuz Meiz , Hizai Aibanu , Turbat Terkhen , Warburton David , Badarch Jargalsaikhan
Published: November 2023

Background: Bayan-Ölgii is a unique province (aimag) located in the extreme western mountain fastnesses of Mongolia that has continued to attract an increasing number of visitors from around the world who come to see its famed eagle hunting festival or to climb Mongolia’s highest peak. Alongside growing tourism, the local population also continues to grow, with Bayan-Ölgii having the highest number of annual deliveries of all the Mongolian aimags. However, despite technical improvements in maternal healthcare and a nationwide decrease in maternal mortality, it is of great concern to local healthcare workers that the maternal mortality rate in Bayan-Ölgii has not been decreasing over recent years. Thus, the following study is a broad analysis of the state of maternal healthcare in Bayan-Ölgii, including its strengths, weaknesses, and future considerations.
Methods: The following analysis is a descriptive single-case study involving clinical observations by the authors, interviews and focus groups with patients and medical practitioners, and outcome data from local hospitals and public health databases.
Results: Over the past decade, the main maternity department at Bayan-Ölgii has successfully grown into a well-equipped health facility with sound practices such as engaging in prenatal care contracts and admitting women with high-risk pregnancies. While our analysis revealed some areas of need at the practitioner and hospital levels, many potential interventions seem to lie at the community level in order to ensure the health and well-being of women in Bayan-Ölgii before and up to the time that they become pregnant.
Conclusions: This study aims to highlight both the strengths and challenges of maternal healthcare in Bayan-Ölgii. By elucidating areas of weakness, we hope that future efforts of implementation research and intervention can be guided by improvements specific to the needs of the community.
Influence of health professionals on partnership relationships in long-term neurological rehabilitation in Germany - study protocol of a qualitative retrospective study
Authors: von Bosse Alexa , König Peter , Jansen Eva
Published: November 2023

Background Acquired neurological diseases entail significant changes and influence the relationship between the patient and the significant other. In the context of long-term rehabilitation, those affected collaborate with health professionals who are expected to have a positive impact on the lives of the affected individuals. The study examines the changes in the relationship between the patient and their loved one due to acquired neurological disorders and the influence of health professionals on this relationship.
Methods: Taking the dynamic interactionist paradigm which views personality development as an interplay between the environment and individual traits over the course of one's life point, we conduct interviews with couples in which one person has an acquired neurological impairment through interviews in which both the patient and their significant other are present. The analysis is carried out using the documentary method. Through socio-genetic type building, we will identify different types of patient-caregiver dyads and their effects on health professionals and vice versa. The results are then integrated into a model based on the theory of symbolic interactionism and Baxter's Relational Dialectics Theory.
Discussion Our findings address a biopsychosocial perspective that enhances treatment approaches in neurological long-term care. Understanding the influence of professionals on dyadic couple relationships can improve rehabilitation effectiveness by tailoring therapeutic approaches to various patient types, relatives, and dyadic relationship constellations. This fosters patient- and family-centered therapy in line with holistic care.
Associations of modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors with cognitive functions – a prospective population-based 17 years follow-up study of 3,229 individuals
Authors: Glans Isabelle , Nägga Katarina , Gustavsson Anna-Märta , Stomrud Erik , Nilsson Peter M , Melander Olle , Hansson Oskar , Palmqvist Sebastian
Published: November 2023

Background
Although several cardiovascular, demographic, genetic and lifestyle factors have been associated with cognitive function, little is known about what type of cognitive impairment they are associated with. The aim was to examine the associations between different risk factors and future memory and attention/executive functions, and their interaction with APOE genotype.
Methods
Participants from a large, prospective, population-based, Swedish study were included (n = 3,229). Linear regression models were used to examine baseline hypertension, body mass index (BMI), long-term glucose levels (HbA1c), different lipid levels, physical activity, alcohol consumption, smoking, education, APOE genotype, age and sex. All models were adjusted for follow-up time and basic demographics, and, in a second step, all significant predictors were included to examine independent effects. Follow-up outcomes were memory and attention/executive functions.
Results
The mean age at baseline was 56.1 (SD 5.7) years and 59.7% were women. The mean follow-up time was 17.4 (range 14.3–20.8) years. When examining independent effects, APOE ε4 genotype(p < 0.01), and higher HbA1c(p < 0.001), were associated with worse future memory function. Higher BMI (p < 0.05), and HbA1c(p < 0.01), lower high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C)(p < 0.05)and stroke(p < 0.001) were associated with worse future attention/executive function. The strongest factors associated with both better memory and attention/executive functions were higher education and alcohol consumption. Further, significant interaction effects between predictors and APOE genotype were found. For memory function, the protective effects of education were greater among ɛ4-carriers(p < 0.05). For attention/executive function, the protective effects of alcohol were greater among ɛ2 or ɛ4-carriers(p < 0.05). Also, attention/executive function was worse among ɛ4-carriers with higher BMI(p < 0.05) and ɛ2-carriers with higher HbA1c-levels(p < 0.05).
Conclusions
Targeting cardiovascular risk factors in mid-life could have greater effect on future attention/executive functions rather than memory, whereas targeting diabetes could be beneficial for multiple cognitive domains. In addition, the effects of the interventions may vary depending on the APOE genotype. The varied cognitive profiles suggest that different mechanisms and brain regions are affected by the individual risk factors. Having detailed knowledge about the specific cognitive effects of different risk factors might be beneficial in preventive health counseling.
Whole Genome Sequencing Reveals New Bacterial Pathogen Affecting Lettuce Plants
Authors: Thomas Augustus , Saravanakumar Duraisamy
Published: November 2023

Bacterial leaf spot in lettuce was reported as a quarantine pathogen in 2012 in Trinidad. The pathogen associated with the disease was isolated from lettuce in some of the major growing areas. The isolated bacteria revealed two distinct morphologies, constantly associated with bacterial leaf spot symptoms. The pathogenicity study revealed that both bacterial organisms were able to cause the disease. PCR amplification and sequencing of the bacterial pathogens exhibiting yellow mucoid and creamy white colonies using 16S rRNA primers were revealed as Xanthomonas (BLS1, BLS5, BLS6, BLS7, BLS8, BLS9) and Acidovorax (BLS4), respectively. To distinguish Xanthomonasfrom Acidovorax, species-specific primers was used to determine Xanthomas campestris pv. vitians. This study has confirmed that strains BLS1, BLS5, BLS6, BLS7, BLS8, BLS9 were Xanthomas hortorum pv. vitians (Xanthomas campestris pv. vitians). Nevertheless, to probe deeply at the genome level about Acidovorax BLS4 being the first time noticed infecting lettuce and being difference from the Xanthomonas, the whole genome sequencing was performed. This has revealed for the first time Paracidovorax avenae (Acidovorax avenae) as a leaf spot pathogen of lettuce. The sequence from the whole genome has been annotated to reveal several genes involved in transport, resistance, stress, motility, virulence, all of which are important factors that contribute to pathogenesis. Some of these genes include the type IV pilus twitching motility protein PilT, YihY/virulence factor BrkB family protein, Svx/AvrXca family virulence/avirulence protein virulence RhuM family protein, and organic hydroperoxide resistance protein.
The time of emergence of Arctic warming, wettening and sea ice melting
Authors: Bintanja Richard , Tsakali Nicoleta , Kolbe Marlen , Skyllas Nomikos
Published: November 2023

The strongly warming and wettening Arctic exhibits considerable temporal interannual and decadal variability. A conclusive transition point to a new climate state – the time of emergence (ToE) – occurs when the forced signal exceeds natural variability. Uncertainties in model-simulated climate trends and variability, as well as in methods, have thus far resulted in diverging estimates of Arctic ToE. Here we use a detailed, robust method applied to state-of-the-art climate model projections to show that in most seasons Arctic sea ice thickness emerges first (2038–2043), followed by surface air temperature (2037–2053) and sea ice cover (2050–2074). Since precipitation/rainfall variability is comparatively high, these variables emerge relatively late (after 2080). Autumn generally exhibits the earliest ToE-values due to strong sea ice retreat and associated warming and surface evaporation. Spatial variations in Arctic trends and variability cause ToE for temperature and sea ice thickness to emerge first in the Central Arctic, whereas for sea ice cover and rainfall this primarily occurs in the North Atlantic – Barents Sea region. Evidently, parts of the Arctic are close to entering a new climate state in terms of temperature and sea ice changes, with wide-ranging, long-term and possibly irreversible consequences for vulnerable Arctic ecosystems and human activities.
Research on the characteristics of high-cited papers on pandemics from the perspective of alternative metrology
Authors: Zou Zongfeng , Sun Xi-yun , Nan Lu , Shao Wei , Wu Jingwen
Published: November 2023

[Background] At present, an increasing number of researchers have studied pandemics and published papers to help people better cope with pandemics.
[Purpose/significance] This study explores the value of Altmetrics to facilitate academic responses to pandemics on the web and helps public health organizations design communication strategies through an analysis of the dissemination characteristics of high-cited pandemic papers on social media. To excavate the potential of pandemic papers from the perspective of alternative measurement is also beneficial to more objectively and effectively evaluate the social influence of those papers.
[Method/process] Correlation analysis was carried out between traditional bibliometric indicators and various Altmetrics indicators. We can also more clearly understand the characteristics of academic dissemination on Twitter and Mendeley platforms by using visual analysis and descriptive statistical analysis methods.
[Result/Conclusion] Our findings conclude that online media has become an important tool for disseminating scientific knowledge related to global pandemics. The Altmetric indicators are significantly different from the citation indicator, which can express the impact of the high-cited pandemic papers from a new perspective. In conclusion, Altmetrics will be a perfect supplement to the quantitative evaluation of such papers.
Remimazolam inhibits cough during emergence from general anesthesia in thyroid surgeries
Authors: Li Dan , Yi Shuai , Zhang Xin-lei , Kang Xuan , Tong Fei , Kong Ming-jian
Published: November 2023

Cough is a common complication during emergence, which can leads to serious consequences. In this prospective, randomized, double-blind trial, 111 patients were randomly assigned to remimazolam (A), dexmedetomidine (B), control (C). A total of 111 patients were analyzed. There was a significant difference in the incidence of coughing among group A, B and C (37.84% vs. 67.57% vs. 91.89%; adjusted P < 0.001, P = 0.01, and P = 0.009, respectively). The incidence of moderate and severe cough was also lower in group A than that of group B and C (8.11% vs. 35.14% vs. 67.57%; adjusted P < 0.001). The recovery time and extubation time were longer in group B than those of group A and C (adjusted P < 0.001). The RSS scores at the time of eye opening or response, extubation and 5 min after extubation were higher in group B than those of group A and C (adjusted P = 0.002 and P = 0.007, respectively). The HR in patients of group B was reduced after intervention for a long period. Continuous infusion remimazolam lowers the incidence of cough during emergence from general anesthesia, and reduce the severity in patients treated with thyroid surgeries, which does not prolong recovery time and increase the incidence of adverse advents.
Unique genomic characteristics underlie the infectivity of divergent Cryptosporidium hominis subtypes to animals
Authors: Xiao Lihua , Huang Wanyi , He Wei , Tang Yongping , Chen Ming , Sun Lianbei , Yang Zuwei , Hou Tianyi , Liu Huimin , Chen Haoyu , Wang Tianpeng , Li Na , Guo Yaqiong , Feng Yaoyu
Published: November 2023

The anthroponotic Cryptosporidium hominis differs from the zoonotic C. parvum in its lack of infectivity to rodents, but several divergent C. hominis subtypes has been recently found in nonhuman primates and equines. Here, we performed whole-genome sequencing of 17 animal C. hominis isolates. In a comparative analysis with 222 human isolates, the animal-adapted isolates showed significant genetic divergence, and genetic recombination shaped their population. In addition, these animal isolates had additional genes found in C. parvum and significant sequence differences in subtelomeric genes. In interferon-γ knockout mice, three monkey isolates showed differences in infectivity and induced higher and longer oocyst shedding than a reference C. parvum isolate. Two of the isolates were fluorescently tagged, allowing the screening of the progeny of a genetic cross. These data provide insight into genetic determinants of host range and virulence in Cryptosporidium, and a convenient animal model for biological studies of C. hominis.
Extracellular vesicles-coupled miRNAs from oviduct and uterus modulate signaling pathways related to lipid metabolism and bovine early embryo development.
Authors: Mazzarella Rosane , Cañón-Beltrán Karina , Cajas Yulia N , Hamdi Meriem , González Encina M , Silveira Juliano C da , Leal Claudia LV , Rizos Dimitrios
Published: November 2023

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) present in oviductal (OF) and uterine fluid (UF) have been shown to enhance bovine embryo quality during in vitro culture by reducing lipid contents and modulating lipid metabolism-related genes (LMG), while also influencing cell proliferation, suggesting their involvement on the regulation of different biological pathways. The regulation of signaling pathways related to cell differentiation, proliferation, and metabolism is crucial for early embryo development and can determine the success or failure of the pregnancy. Bioactive molecules within EVs in maternal reproductive fluids, such as microRNAs (miRNAs), may contribute to this regulatory process as they modulate gene expression through post-transcriptional mechanisms. This study evaluated miRNA cargo in OF-EVs from the early luteal phase and UF-EVs from the mid-luteal phase, coinciding with embryo transit within oviduct and uterus in vivo, and its possible influence on LMGs and signaling pathways crucial for early embryo development. miRNAs (333) were detected in both groups, 11 exclusives to OF, 59 to UF, and 263 were commonly. From differentially expressed miRNAs (20), 19 upregulated in UF-EVs (bta-miR-134, bta-miR-151-3p, bta-miR-155, bta-miR-188, bta-miR-181b, bta-miR-181d, bta-miR-224, bta-miR-23b-3p, bta-miR-24-3p, bta-miR-27a-3p, bta-miR-29a, bta-miR-324, bta-miR-326, bta-miR-345-3p, bta-miR-410, bta-miR-652, bta-miR-677, bta-miR-873 and bta-miR-708) and one (bta-miR-148b) in OF-EVs. These miRNAs were predicted to modulate several pathways such as Wnt, Hippo, MAPK and lipid metabolism and degradation. Differences in miRNAs found in OF-EVs from the early luteal phase and UF-EVs from mid-luteal phase may reflect different environments to meet the changing needs of the embryo. miRNAs may be involved, particularly in the uterus, in the regulation of embryo lipid metabolism, immune system and implantation. Understanding the expression pattern of miRNAs in OF- and UF-EVs and their predicted function may help unveil the signals that the embryo is receiving from the maternal side at different stages of early development.
Interpretation of Course Conceptual Structure and Student Self- efficiency: An Integrated Strategy of Knowledge Graphs with Item Response Modeling
Authors: CAO Zhen-Yu , LIN Feng , FENG Chun
Published: November 2023

Background
A lack of studies quantitively measures the difficulty and importance of knowledge points depending on students’ self-efficacy for learning (SEL). The study aims to verify the practical use of psychological measurement tools in physical therapy education by analyzing student SEL and course conceptual structure.
Methods
We extracted 100 knowledge points (KPs) from the “Therapeutic Exercise” course curriculum and administered a difficulty rating questionnaire of KPs to 218 students after their final exam. The pipeline of the non-parametric IRT and parametric IRT was employed to estimate student SEL and describe the hierarchy of KPs in terms of difficulty. Additionally, Gaussian Graphical Models with Non-Convex Penalties were deployed to create a Knowledge Graph (KG) and identify the main components. Finally, a visual analytics approach was proposed to understand the correlation and difficulty level of KPs.
Results
We identified 50 KPs to create the Mokken scale, which exhibited high reliability (Cronbach’s alpha = 0.9675) and showed no gender bias at the overall or each item level (p > 0.05). The three-parameter logistic model (3PLM) demonstrated good fitness with questionnaire data, whose Root Mean Square Error Approximation < 0.05. Besides, item-model fitness unveiled good fitness, as indicated by each item with non-significant p-values for chi-square tests (p > 0.05). The Wright map revealed item difficulty relative to SEL levels. SEL estimated by the 3PLM correlated significantly with the high-ability range of average Grade-Point Average (p < 0.05). The KG backbone structure consisted of 58 KPs, with 29 KPs overlapping with the Mokken scale. Visual analysis of the KG backbone structure indicated that discrimination of knowledge concepts in the IRT could not replace their position parameters in the KG, suggesting KG and IRT methods offer distinct perspectives to visualize correlations and hierarchical relationships among the KPs.
Conclusion
This study integrated IRT modeling and the KG method through a questionnaire on student self-perceived knowledge difficulty, quantitatively assessing student SEL and the importance of KPs. Based on real-world teaching empirical data, this study laid a research foundation for updating course contents and customizing learning objectives.
Trial registration
Not applicable.
Pharmacological and neuroprotective effects of Helicid alleviates neuronal apoptosis of rats with depression-like behaviors by downregulating lncRNA-NONRATT030918.2
Authors: Zhang Yuan , Jiang Zhen-Yi , Wang Mei , Zhang Xiao-Tong , Ge Peng , Wang Wei , Zhang Yuan-Xiang , Tong Jiu-Cui
Published: November 2023

Background Nowadays, evidence demonstrates that inflammation plays an important role in depression. Therefore, new antidepressants may be identified by screening for their anti-inflammatory properties. In parallel, Helicid (HEL) has been found to possess antidepressant pharmacological activity. Therefore, we aimed to testify the precise molecular mechanism by which HEL regulates lncRNA-NONRATT030918.2 to exert its antidepressant effect and pharmacological interventions in depression models.Methods A depression model stimulated using chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) was created in rats, and the depressive state of the rats was assessed through behavioral experiments. Additionally, an in vitro model of PC12 cells induced by corticosterone (CORT) was established, and cytoactive was tested using the CCK8. The subcellular localization of the NONRATT030918.2 molecule was confirmed through a Fluorescence in situ hybridization experiment. The relationship between NONRATT030918.2, miRNA-128-3p, and Prim1 was analyzed using dual-luciferase reporter gene assay, RNA Binding Protein Immunoprecipitation assay, and RNA pull-down assay. The levels of NONRATT030918.2, miRNA-128-3p, and Prim1 were tested using Q-PCR. Furthermore, the levels of Prim1, Bax, Bcl-2, and caspase3 were checked through Western blot.Results The HEL can alleviate the depression-like behavior of CUMS rats and reduce the mortality of hippocampal via down-regulating the level of NONRATT030918.2. In CORT-induced PC12 cells, intervention with HEL led to decreased expression of NONRATT030918.2 and Prim1, as well as increased expression of miRNA-128-3p. This suggests that HEL regulates the expression of NONRATT030918.2 to upregulate miRNA-128-3p, which in turn inhibits CORT-induced apoptosis in PC12 cells by targeting Prim1.Conclusions The NONRATT030918.2/miRNA-128-3p/Prim1 axis could potentially serve as a crucial regulatory network for HEL to exert its neuroprotective effects.
Pluripotency and Differentiation Capacity of Human Adipose-Derived Stem Cells from Subcutaneous and Visceral Fat
Authors: Setiawan Abdul Malik , Ahmad Fairus , Hamid Adila A. , Karim Abdul Kadir Abdul , Kamarudin Taty Anna
Published: November 2023

Adipose derived stem cells (ADSC), a type of mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) found in the vascular stroma of human fat tissues. It showed promising potentials as an alternative source for tissue engineering. Octamer-binding transcription factor 4 (OCT4) regulates pluripotency in ADSC, while bone morphogenetic protein 4 (BMP4) signalling is essential for the differentiation of ADSC towards ectodermal lineages.
Objective:The expression of BMP4 and OCT4 in primary ADSCs from different adipose tissue depots were assessed.
Method: Subcutaneous and visceral adipose tissues were harvested from the abdomen of 6 females, processed and ADSCs were isolated. The expression of BMP4and OCT4 were assessed at P4 and compared to ADSC cell line as a control group.
Results:The expression of OCT4 and BMP4 were higher in primary ADSC from both subcutaneous and visceral locations compared to the control. The OCT4 and BMP4 expression in visceral and subcutaneous ADSCs showed a different pattern. Majority (67% and 100%) of the visceral ADSCs expressed higher OCT4 and BMP4 respectively compared to subcutaneous ADSCs. These findings suggest a potential correlation between the ADSCs’ differential capacity and its location, explained by the interplays between underlying regulatory pathways of pluripotency and ectodermal differentiation.
Spatiotemporal stochastic event-rainfall process in a small mountainous catchment
Authors: cheng jianyi , guo xiaojun , li yong , liu daochuan , liu jihong
Published: November 2023

The spatial distribution and temporal process of rainfall are important with respect to rainfall-induced hazards, which represent major problems in small mountainous catchments. This study considered the rainfall process as a stochastic process, and investigated its spatial variation and temporal evolution using data obtained from a dense monitoring network in a small catchment. The event-scale rainfall–elevation and rainfall–area relations were proposed, and the temporal process was investigated at 1-min resolution and characterized by an index that included the onset time, duration, and center time of the rainfall peak period at each gauge. Analysis of the errors associated with using the relations revealed that the errors were random and followed a normal distribution. Consequently, the rainfall process could be expressed as y = f(x) + ε, where f(x) represents the specific deterministic relations used to estimate the rainfall parameters, and ε represents the estimation errors. A stochastic simulation method that incorporates the deterministic empirical relations of rainfall amount and the stochastic process of rainfall errors was proposed to simulate the rainfall process at any gauge. The simulation procedure was described in detail and validated using real event-rainfall data, also the influence of gauge selection to the hydrological forecasting (e.g. water flood simulation and debris flow forecasting) was evaluated. This study marks an attempt to establish a framework for generation of the temporal process of rainfall at a high resolution (1-min) which is significant to the hydrological hazards forecasting, and could be extended to other unknown places, thereby realizing the spatial distribution of rainfall within a catchment.
Extrapolation of midazolam disposition in neonates using physiological based pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PBPK/PD) modelling
Authors: Zhao Tangping , Zhou Sufeng , Wang Lu , Li Tongtong , Zhu Jinying , Shao Feng
Published: November 2023

Objective:
To explore the feasibility of model simulation research strategies for dose optimization in the neonatal populations. Using midazolam as a model drug, a PBPK/PD model was established to simulated and optimize the dosing regimen for sedation in the neonatal population.
Methods:
Firstly, an adult PBPK/PD model was established. Secondly, the research strategy of extrapolating adult drug use data to newborns was applied. The adult PBPK/PD model was extrapolated to the neonatal population according to the maturation formula of plasma albumin and metabolic enzyme CYP3A4/5. The robustness of the neonatal model was evaluated using clinical data from different age stratification. The neonatal PBPK/PD model was then used to simulate the dosage regimen of midazolam for sedation in newborns.
Results:
Individualized validation in adults showed that 95.1% of the predicted concentration values were within two-fold, and all the predicted AUC values were within two-fold; the extrapolated neonatal model showed that about 84.4% of the predicted concentration values were within two-fold, the AAFE value of the overall model was < 2, and the AFE value was between 0.5–1.5; the validated neonatal PBPK/PD model showed that virtual term neonates maintained a target plasma concentration range within 26 hours when using the dosage regimen recommended on the product label (0.06 mg/kg/h, iv infusion 12 hours), the optimal dose for premature infants to reach the target plasma concentration range may need to be slightly higher than the recommended dose on the product label (0.03mg/kg/h, iv infusion 12h).
Conclusion:
We successfully established a neonatal PBPK/PD model of midazolam by referring to extrapolated-based research strategy and integrating the influence of human physiological development on drug disposal. Finally, the model was validated with the dosage of midazolam in the product specification, and reliable results were obtained.