bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect Measure Modification by Birth Weight on the Association Between Overweight or Obesity and Hypertension in Children and Adolescents
Authors: Nugent James T. , Lu Yuan , Deng Yanhong , Sharifi Mona , Greenberg Jason H.
Published: May 2023

This cross-sectional study examines the prevalence of hypertension among children and adolescents with low, very low, normal, or high birth weight.
Stable Zn Metal Anodes Enabled by Restricted Self‐Diffusion Via Succinimide Surfactant
Authors: Wang Haoliang , Du Haoran , Zhao Ruirui , Zhu Zhenglu , Qie Long , Fu Jing , Huang Yunhui
Published: May 2023

Despite its merits of high specific capacity and intrinsic safety for aqueous zinc‐ion batteries (AZIBs), Zn metal as anode suffers from dendritic growth and severe corrosion during battery operation. Here, an electrolyte surfactant of succinimide (SI) that occupies the compact region of the electrical double layer (EDL) at the Zn/electrolyte interface, which protects the Zn surface from the parasitic corrosion in aqueous electrolytes is reported. More importantly, both theoretical calculation and electrochemical analysis demonstrate that the occupation of SI at the EDL can restrict the self‐diffusion of Zn adatoms and tune interfacial reaction kinetics during Zn deposition, thereby promoting small and dense nuclei rather than large Zn dendrites. Accordingly, SI surfactants enable a high Coulombic efficiency of 99.95% and a long cumulative plated capacity over 6800 mAh cm−2at 20 mA cm−2for 10 mAh cm−2. Moreover, the feasibility of SI is also demonstrated on a long‐term cycling stability in Zn‐VS2batteries.
Covalent Furan‐Benzimidazole‐Linked Polymer Hollow Fiber Membrane for Clean and Efficient Photosynthesis of Hydrogen Peroxide
Authors: Yang Tao , Jin Yaowei , Wang Yingchu , Kong Aiguo , Chen Yue , Zou Yingying , Liu Chao , Wei Guangfeng , Yu Chengzhong
Published: May 2023

Photocatalytic H2O2 production by conversion of O2 in aqueous solution is often challenged by the use of sacrificial agents, the separation of powdery photocatalysts, solution, and contaminants, and low activity of photocatalyst. Herein, a membrane of covalent furan‐benzimidazole‐linked polymer (Furan‐BILP) with both O‐ and N‐containing heterocycles bonded via OCCN is reported for the first time as a photocatalyst to harvest clean H2O2 in pure water with high‐performance. A coordination‐polymer hard template strategy is developed to produce Furan‐BILP hollow microfibers that can be further assembled into membranes with desired sizes. The resultant Furan‐BILP membrane directly delivers clean H2O2 solution as the product with a high H2O2 production rate of 2200 µmol g−1 h−1 in pure water. Density functional theory calculations and experiment results indicate that the C atom from Furan ring on the linkage binds to the adsorbed OOH*, the H atom of OOH* forms a hydrogen bond with the N atom in the benzimidazole ring, thus the intermediate six‐membered ring structure stabilizes the OOH* and favors 2e‐ORR. The strategy using both molecular engineering to tune the electronic structure and macrostructural engineering to shape the morphology may be applied to design other coordination organic polymer photocatalysts with further improved performance.
Unraveling the Origin of Enhanced K+ Storage of Carbonaceous Anodes Enabled by Nitrogen/Sulfur Co‐Doping
Authors: Zhang Hehe , Chen Zhilin , Sun Zhefei , Cai Mengting , Liu Weicheng , Ye Weibin , Gao Haowen , Han Jiajia , Cheng Yong , Zhang Qiaobao , Wang Ming‐Sheng
Published: May 2023

N‐doped carbons, as promising anode materials for energy storage, are generally modified by the additional heteroatoms (B, P, and S) doping to further promote the electrochemical performance. However, the promotion mechanism by such additional doping, especially its interplay with N‐containing species, remains unclear. Herein, by adopting N/S co‐doped carbon as a model system, it is found that S‐doping can significantly improve the content of pyridinic‐N, i.e., the most energetically favorable N type for K+ storage. Theoretical calculations reveal that such S‐induced pyridinic‐N improvement possibly originates from its catalytic effect that can facilitate the transition from edge quaternary‐N to pyridinic‐N. The resultant high content of pyridinic‐N, together with the additional S species, ensures abundant active sites for K+ storage. Accordingly, the N/S co‐doped carbon anode delivers both a high reversible capacity (422.9 mA h g−1 at 0.05 A g−1) and an impressive cyclic stability (249.6 mA h g−1 at 1 A g−1 over 4000 cycles). Moreover, in/ex situ characterizations further verify the merits of N/S co‐doped carbon from the perspective of compositional evolution and structural stability. This study unravels the origin of enhanced K+ storage by N/S co‐doping, which also helps to understand the synergistic effects of other heteroatoms co‐doping systems.
A Near‐Surface Structure Reconfiguration Strategy to Regulate Mn3+/Mn4+and O2−/(O2)n−Redox for Stabilizing Lithium‐Rich Oxide Cathode
Authors: Zhang Ying , Zheng Shuanghao , Meng Caixia , Liu Hanqing , Dong Cong , Shi Xiaoyu , Das Pratteek , Huang Rong , Yu Yan , Wu Zhong‐Shuai
Published: May 2023

Lithium‐rich layered oxides (LROs) are one class of the most competitive high‐capacity cathode materials due to their anion/cation synergistic redox activity. However, excessive oxidation of the oxygen sublattices can induce serious oxygen loss and structural imbalance. Hence, a near‐surface reconfiguration strategy by fluorinating graphene is proposed to precisely regulate Mn3+/Mn4+and O2−/(O2)n−redox couples for remarkably stabilizing high‐capacity LROs and realizing the simultaneous reduction of the lattice stress, regulation of the Mn metal at a lower charge state, and construction of 3D Li+diffusion channels. Combining with a highly conductive graphene‐coating layer, the surface oxygen loss, transition metal dissolution, and electrolyte catalytic decomposition are suppressed. Benefiting from this synergy, the modified LROs disclose higher initial Coulombic efficiency and discharge‐specific capacity and improve cyclability compared with pristine LROs. Further, it is revealed that the F−impact becomes easier for the O sites at the lattice interface ofC2/mandRmto sufficiently buffer lattice stress. Moreover, lithium ions coupled to the doped F atoms at the lattice interface migrate to the Ni‐richRmlattice sites with lower migration energies. This consolidated understanding will open new avenues to regulate reversible oxygen redox of LROs for high‐energy‐density lithium‐ion batteries.
Ag Anchored Atomically Around Nanopores of Porous Co(OH)2 for Efficient Bifunctional Oxygen Catalysis
Authors: Li Zhe , Kang Wen‐Jing , Liu Hui , Du Xi‐Wen , Wang Fei , Song Yun , Liu Yang , Sun Da‐Lin , Fang Fang
Published: May 2023

Various clean energy storage and conversion systems highly depend on rational design of efficient electrocatalysts for oxygen reactions. Increasing both gas molecular diffusion and intrinsic activity is critical to boosting its efficiency for bifunctional oxygen electrocatalysis. However, controllable synthesis of catalysts that combines gas molecular diffusion and intrinsic activity remains a fundamental challenge. Herein, a two‐step synthetic strategy is adopted to fabricate a composite oxygen reduction reaction (ORR)/oxygen evolution reaction (OER) bifunctional catalyst (P‐Ag‐Co(OH)2), of which, atomic Ag is anchored in reactive oxygen atoms around nanopores of Co(OH)2 nanosheets. Abundant nanopores provide enough gas molecular diffusion channels, and the special Ag‐O‐Co‐OH catalytic groups around nanopores display high intrinsic catalytic activity, which jointly result in an excellent ORR/OER performance. In alkaline electrolyte, P‐Ag‐Co(OH)2 displays a high half‐wave potential (0.902 V versus RHE) for ORR, and a low overpotential (235 mV at 10 mA cm−2) for OER, which is superior to non‐noble catalysts in previous studies and Pt/C (Ir/C) catalyst. At the same time, the single‐cell zinc‐air battery is prepared with an extremely high discharge peak power density of 435 mW cm−2 and excellent discharge–charge cycle stability.
Bio‐Inspired Stimuli‐Responsive Ti3C2Tx/PNIPAM Anisotropic Hydrogels for High‐Performance Actuators
Authors: Yan Qian , Ding Renjie , Zheng Haowen , Li Pengyang , Liu Zonglin , Chen Zhong , Xiong Jinhua , Xue Fuhua , Zhao Xu , Peng Qingyu , He Xiaodong
Published: May 2023

Near‐infrared (NIR) light‐responsive hydrogels have the advantages of high precision, remote control and excellent biocompatibility, which are widely used in soft biomimetic actuators. The process by which water molecules diffuse can directly affect the deformation of hydrogel. Therefore, it remains a serious challenge to improve the response speed of hydrogel actuator. Herein, an anisotropic photo‐responsive conductive hydrogel is designed by a directional freezing method. Due to the anisotropy of the MXene‐based PNIPAM/MXene directional (PMD) hydrogel, its mechanical properties and conductivity are enhanced in a specific direction. At the same time, with the presence of the internal directional channels and the assistance of capillary force, the PMD hydrogel can achieve a volume deswelling of 70% in 2 s under light irradiation, further building a hydrogel actuator with a fast response performance. Additionally, the hydrogel actuator can lift an object 40 times its weight by a distance of 6 mm, realizing the advantages of both rapid responsiveness and high driving strength, which makes the hydrogel actuator have important application significance in remote control, microflow valve, and soft robot.
Broadband Achromatic Terahertz Metalens Constituted by Si–SiO2–Si Hybrid Meta‐Atoms
Authors: Xu Yi , Gu Jianqiang , Gao Yufei , Yang Quanlong , Liu Wanying , Yao Zhibo , Xu Quan , Han Jiaguang , Zhang Weili
Published: May 2023

Metasurfaces have proved to possess extraordinary properties and propelled the development of versatile functional devices in the terahertz domain, but the intrinsic dispersion severely impedes their broadband applications. Sporadic studies on achromatic terahertz metasurfaces are either subject to specific polarization operation or challenged in the fabrication process for extended bandwidth and numerical aperture. Herein a novel meta‐atom scheme made up of a silicon–silica–silicon sandwich‐shaped structure is presented that enlarges the propagation phase as well as improves the dispersion engineering capability at low losses. As a classic case, an achromatic metalens is constituted by these meta‐atoms and experimentally demonstrated which shows a remarkable achromatic focusing performance from 0.5 to 1.1 THz with a numerical aperture of 0.47 and an average efficiency as high as 43.1%. Continuous wavelet transformation analysis further proves the metalens has negligible group delay dispersion. This study not only demonstrates an outstanding terahertz achromatic metalens but also provides a novel meta‐atom paradigm for constructing achromatic metasurfaces such as holographic plate, beam deflector, and Bessel axicon, further not limited to THz bands.
Plasma‐Assisted Formation of Oxygen Defective NiCoO/NiCoN Heterostructure with Improved ORR/OER Activities for Highly Durable All‐Solid‐State Zinc‐Air Batteries
Authors: Liu Yubing , Jiang Zhongqing , Jiang Zhong‐Jie
Published: May 2023

A plasma approach is reported to synthesize carbon cloth supported carbon fiber and oxygen defect‐rich NiCoO/NiCoN hetero‐nanowire co‐integrated hybrid catalyst (P‐NCO/NCN‐CF@CC), which includes the advanced features of carbon integration, cation doping, defect/vacancy introduction, and heterostructuring. The P‐NCO/NCN shows a fascinating structure with the periphery composed of NCO and the interior co‐composed of NCO and NCN. Its formation mainly depends on the high reactivity of energetic species of NH, Ha, and Hb formed during the plasma discharge. The P‐NCO/NCN‐CF@CC exhibits the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) activity comparable to the Pt/C and the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) activity higher than RuO2. When used in the all‐solid‐state zinc‐air batteries, it gives a high maximum power density of 109.8 mW cm−2 with no performance drop observed for >300 cycles. The DFT calculations indicate that the NCO/NCN heterostructuring and oxygen defects in NCO play the important roles in the high ORR/OER activities of the catalyst. They can modulate the electronic structure of the catalyst, lowering the energy barriers of rate determining steps.
Boosted Photocurrent via Heating BiFeo3 Thin Film for UV Photodetector at Wide Temperature Range
Authors: Yang Lili , Wang Xinjie , Bai Liang , Xu Lan , Yang Ya
Published: May 2023

The current research on ferroelectric photovoltaic materials is concentrated on enhancing the output photocurrent. As solar cells operate at high temperatures, it is crucial to take into account the effect of increasing temperatures on ferroelectric photovoltaics. In this study, an LNO (lanthanum nickelate, LaNiO3)/BFO (bismuth ferrate, BiFeO3)/ITO (indium tin oxide) device is constructed on a mica substrate by sol–gel method. The device achieves output photocurrent enhancement at a wide temperature range (33–183 °C), with the largest photocurrent enhancement at 130 °C, which is 178% relative to room temperature, and the output power is also increased by 9.88 times. At the same time, compared with BFO bulk, it is found that the performance of BFO film is always higher than that of bulk in the test temperature range, and the output photocurrent of BFO film at room temperature is 104 times higher than that of bulk. This article investigates the effect of high temperatures on ferroelectric photovoltaics and also provides a strategy for enhancing the photovoltaic performance of ferroelectric films, providing guidance for future applications of ferroelectric films in flexible solar cells and other applications.
Controlled Electronic and Magnetic Landscape in Self‐Assembled Complex Oxide Heterostructures
Authors: Park Dae‐Sung , Rata Aurora Diana , Dahm Rasmus Tindal , Chu Kanghyun , Gan Yulin , Maznichenko Igor , Ostanin Sergey , Trier Felix , Baik Hionsuck , Choi Woo Seok , Choi Chel‐Jong , Kim Young Heon , Rees Gregory Jon , Gíslason Hafliði Pétur , Buczek Paweł Adam , Mertig Ingrid , Ionescu Mihai Adrian , Ernst Arthur , Dörr Kathrin , Muralt Paul , Pryds Nini
Published: May 2023

Complex oxide heterointerfaces contain a rich playground of novel physical properties and functionalities, which give rise to emerging technologies. Among designing and controlling the functional properties of complex oxide film heterostructures, vertically aligned nanostructure (VAN) films using a self‐assembling bottom‐up deposition method presents great promise in terms of structural flexibility and property tunability. Here, the bottom‐up self‐assembly is extended to a new approach using a mixture containing a 2Dlayer‐by‐layer film growth, followed by a 3D VAN film growth. In this work, the two‐phase nanocomposite thin films are based on LaAlO3:LaBO3, grown on a lattice‐mismatched SrTiO3001 (001) single crystal. The 2D‐to‐3D transient structural assembly is primarily controlled by the composition ratio, leading to the coexistence of multiple interfacial properties, 2D electron gas, and magnetic anisotropy. This approach provides multidimensional film heterostructures which enrich the emergent phenomena for multifunctional applications.
High‐Performance and Humidity‐Resistant Direct‐Current Triboelectric Nanogenerator by Coupling Method Combing Charge Excitation and Phase Shift
Authors: Wang Jianlong , Li Hengyu , Zhao Da , Gao Qi , Cheng Xiaojun , Wen Jianming , Wang Zhong Lin , Cheng Tinghai
Published: May 2023

Triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG)’s use is constrained by their surface charge density and alternating current output. This study therefore proposes a coupling output method combining charge excitation and phase shift to realize an almost constant high‐performance direct‐current (DC) and DC‐TENG is designed to harvest the energy of flowing water. The output characteristic of the DC‐TENG with or without charge excitation is thoroughly investigated in the experiment. The impact on the effectiveness of phases (P) and groups (G) is further proven by comparing and quantifying the current wave. The operation capability in a water environment is further demonstrated by the transmitted charge's attenuation of roughly 10.84% after the environment's humidity is increased to 90% RH. According to the findings of the investigation, DC‐TENG with 3P4G can reach almost constant DC with the root mean square value of 29.1 μA and the crest factor of 1.23. And the 220 μF capacitor can be charged to 5 V within 63 s and the peak output power of 9.18 mW is obtained. Finally, an experimental platform is established to simulate the water environment and the thermography is steadily powered. This scheme has reference significance to realize high‐performance DC output in the water environment.
Anti‐Solvent Synthesis of Three‐Color Indium‐Based Halide Perovskite Microplate/Microcrystal Phosphors for High Color Rendering WLEDs
Authors: Li Junchun , Sheng Yuanyuan , Tong Guoqing , Zhu Hanwen , Tao Xuyong , Wu Chengyun , Chang Yajing , Tang Zhaoyu , Yang Jingting , Zhang Shaobo , Jiang Yang
Published: May 2023

Lead‐free halide perovskites are emerging as promising eco‐friendly candidates for next‐generation solid‐state lighting because of their nontoxicity and availability for broad emission. Herein, a modified room‐temperature anti‐solvent precipitation method is developed to synthesize the Sb3+‐doped, In‐based, lead‐free halide perovskites in microplate/microcrystal structure with different emission colors. The layered structure of InCl3 serves as the template for the growth of Cs2InCl5(H2O):Sb3+ microplate phosphors. Moreover, the presence of HCl not only improves the solubility of precursors, but also provides the acid etching effect. The resultant Sb3+‐doped Cs2InCl5(H2O) microplate phosphors show bright yellow emission with photoluminescence quantum yield up to 92.4%. Furthermore, Cs3InCl6:Sb3+ and Cs2NaInCl6:Sb3+ are synthesized through the similar method, which displays the bright green and deep‐blue emission, respectively. Subsequently, the proof‐of‐concept white light‐emitting diodes (WLEDs) are fabricated based on Cs2NaInCl6:Sb3+ + Cs2InCl5(H2O):Sb3+ and Cs2NaInCl6:Sb3+ + Cs3InCl6:Sb3+ + Cs2InCl5(H2O):Sb3+ phosphors, which achieves high‐quality white light with the color rendering index (CRI) of 91.6 and 95.4, respectively. The results greatly advance the development of lead‐free halide perovskite phosphors synthesis, which may offer new possibilities for high CRI WLEDs fabrication.
Manganese‐Halide Single‐Crystal Scintillator Toward High‐Performance X‐Ray Detection and Imaging: Influences of Halogen and Thickness
Authors: He Zi‐Lin , Wei Jun‐Hua , Zhang Zhi‐Zhong , Luo Jian‐Bin , Kuang Dai‐Bin
Published: May 2023

Scintillators, which can convert high‐energy ionizing radiation (e.g., X‐ or γ‐rays) into ultraviolet‐visible light, have been widely applied in medical and industrial fields. Developing new scintillation materials with high performance and low cost is very desirable in order to address the growing application demands. Among them, single‐crystal scintillators of organic‐inorganic hybrid metal halides (OIMHs) have attracted much attention because of their excellent optical transparency, suppressed light scattering, and facile solution preparation methods. Herein, three new centimeter‐sized (2‐DMAP)2MnX4 (2‐DMAP+ = 2‐dimethylaminopyridinium, X = Cl, Br, I) single crystals with high crystal quality are synthesized via the solvent evaporation method. Benefiting from the high optical transparency and remarkable luminescence property, (2‐DMAP)2MnBr4 delivers a high X‐ray light yield of 22 000 photons MeV−1, a low limit of detection of 9.50 nGy s−1, and an excellent X‐ray imaging spatial resolution of 20–25 lp mm−1. Moreover, the regulation of single‐crystal thickness from 0.31 mm to 3.03 mm can be easily achieved via a simple solution post‐treatment method, which has a significant influence on the transmittance, spatial imaging resolution, and detection limit. This work demonstrates a promising single‐crystal scintillator for the application of high‐resolution X‐ray imaging with low preparation cost and tunable thickness.
A Novel Serum‐Based Diagnosis of Alzheimer's Disease Using an Advanced Phage‐Based Biochip
Authors: Rizzo Maria Giovanna , De Plano Laura Maria , Palermo Nicoletta , Franco Domenico , Nicolò Marco , Sciuto Emanuele Luigi , Calabrese Giovanna , Oddo Salvatore , Conoci Sabrina , Guglielmino Salvatore P. P.
Published: May 2023

55 million people worldwide suffer from Alzheimer's disease (AD). A definitive diagnosis of AD is made postmortem after a neuropathological examination of the brain. There is an urgent need for an innovative, noninvasive methodology that allows for an early and reliable diagnosis. Several engineered phages that recognized Aβ‐autoantibodies present in the sera of AD patients are previously identified. Here, novel phages are tested for their ability to accurately discriminate AD sera using immunophage‐polymerase chain reaction in a miniatured biochip. It is found that five of the six phages analyzed discriminate between healthy controls and AD patients. Further, by combining the response of two phages, non‐AD and severe AD cases are identified with 100% accuracy and mild‐to‐moderate cases with 90% accuracy. While the number of cases used here are relatively small and can be confirmed in larger cohorts, this first‐of‐a‐kind system represents an innovative methodology with the potential of having a major impact in the AD field: from a clinical perspective, it can aid physicians in making an accurate AD diagnosis; from a research perspective, it can be used as a surrogate for AD clinical trials.
Bioinspired Dry Adhesives for Highly Adaptable and Stable Manipulating Irregular Objects under Vibration
Authors: Wang Duorui , Tian Hongmiao , Liu Haoran , Zhang Jinyu , Hu Hong , Li Xiangming , Wang Chunhui , Chen Xiaoliang , Shao Jinyou
Published: May 2023

For dry adhesive–based operation, highly adaptable and stable manipulation is important but also challenging, especially for irregular objects with complex surface (such as abrupt profile and acute projection) under vibration‐inducing environments. Here, a multi‐scale adhesive structure, with mechanically isolated energy‐absorbing backing, based on the synergistic action of microscale contact end (seta), mesoscale supporting layer (lamella), and macroscopic backing (muscle tissues) of gecko's sole, is proposed. Top layer of mushroom‐like micro tips provides dry adhesion via mimicking gecko's seta, and bottom layer of physical cuts and porous feature achieves the interfacial mechanical decoupling and crack inhibition via mimicking the non‐continuous distributing of lamella and compliance of muscle. The proposed dry adhesive exhibits excellent adaptable adhesion to various objects with curved or irregular surfaces, even for that with abrupt contours, as well as an amazing stable anti‐vibration ability, opening a new avenue for the development of dry adhesive–based device or system.
Parasitic Heating of Perovskite‐ and Silicon‐Based Photovoltaics
Authors: Xu Lujia , Aydin Erkan , De Bastiani Michele , Babics Maxime , Liu Jiang , Azmi Randi , Alamer Mohammed , Salvador Michael F. , Liu Wenzhu , Allen Thomas , Xu Fuzong , Kang Jingxuan , Subbiah Anand , Yan Wenbo , Rehman Atteq Ur , Zhou Lyu , Raja Waseem , Gan Qiaoqiang , Liu Zhengxin , De Wolf Stefaan
Published: May 2023

The origins of parasitic heating for photovoltaic (PV) technologies based on silicon, perovskites, and their combination in monolithic tandems are investigated. To quantify heating losses, the cooling score (CS) as a new simple metric, representing the percentage of incident solar irradiance not contributing to module heating is introduced. This is a function of both the optical structure and power conversion efficiency (PCE) of the PV modules and allows a fair comparison between different technologies under identical performance‐evaluation scenarios. Silicon single‐junction devices have the lowest CS due to their low bandgap (causing significant carrier thermalization losses) and their use of light‐trapping structures to increase their PCE which also undesirably increases parasitic absorption of sub‐bandgap photons. Conversely, perovskite single‐junction devices show the highest CS in all studied performance‐evaluation scenarios thanks to their wider bandgap and high absorption coefficient, enabling absorption of all solar photons that may contribute to the photocurrent without requiring light‐trapping structures. While perovskite/silicon tandems minimize thermalization losses, they also usually employ light‐trapping structures in their bottom cell to increase their PCE, which lowers their CS. Through simulation and outdoor experiments, it is demonstrated that an efficient module‐cooling environment may significantly suppress the detrimental effects associated with a low CS.
Decoration of Monodisperse Silver Vanadate on Biomass‐Derived Porous Carbon: A Dual‐Purpose Catalyst for Detection of p‐Nitrophenol and Photodegradation of Rhodamine B
Authors: Wei Wei , Yang Shilong , Guo Fei , Lu Jialu , Jiang Zhifeng
Published: May 2023

Taking advantage of carbonaceous composite materials in electrocatalysis or photocatalysis is a promising pathway for transforming biomass resources into sustainable energy‐conversion systems. Herein, a carbonaceous composite catalyst based on the monodispersed silver vanadate nanoparticles (Ag3VO4 NPs) modification of biomass‐derived porous carbon (named as AVO/PC) is proposed for ultrasensitive and electrochemical rapid detection of p‐nitrophenol (p‐NP) under acidic condition. The radish‐derived three‐dimensional porous carbonaceous aerogels as supporter subtly introduced in the carbonization process of alkaline activation remarkably promote the physicochemical properties of the biomass‐derived porous carbon (PC), which can provide a favorable internal surface to load Ag3VO4 NPs. Subsequently, this electrochemical behavior of AVO/PC‐modified glassy carbon electrode (AVO/PC/GCE) exhibits high sensitivity (4.95 mA mM−1 cm−2) and a varied linear detection range (1 μmol L−1 ≈ 1 mmol L−1), as well as reproducibility and stability for p‐NP. Besides, the as‐prepared AVO/PC demonstrates the enhanced photocatalytic degradation performance of rhodamine B (RhB), and the photocatalytic rate reaches to 94% in visible light irradiation. The findings should be useful for designing and constructing dual‐purpose carbonaceous composite materials with potential applications in environmental monitoring and contaminant treatment.
Rethinking convergence in plant parasitism through the lens of molecular and population genetic processes
Authors: Cai Liming
Published: May 2023

The autotrophic lifestyle of photosynthetic plants has profoundly shaped their body plan, physiology, and gene repertoire. Shifts to parasitism and heterotrophy have evolved at least 12 times in more than 4000 species, and this transition has consequently left major evolutionary footprints among these parasitic lineages. Features that are otherwise rare at the molecular level and beyond have evolved repetitively, including reduced vegetative bodies, carrion‐mimicking during reproduction, and the incorporation of alien genetic material. Here, I propose an integrated conceptual model, referred to as the funnel model, to define the general evolutionary trajectory of parasitic plants and provide a mechanistic explanation for their convergent evolution. This model connects our empirical understanding of gene regulatory networks in flowering plants with classical theories of molecular and population genetics. It emphasizes that the cascading effects brought about by the loss of photosynthesis may be a major force constraining the physiological capacity of parasitic plants and shaping their genomic landscapes. Here I review recent studies on the anatomy, physiology, and genetics of parasitic plants that lend support to this photosynthesis‐centered funnel model. Focusing on nonphotosynthetic holoparasites, I elucidate how they may inevitably reach an evolutionary terminal status (i.e., extinction) and highlight the utility of a general, explicitly described and falsifiable model for future studies of parasitic plants.
Excess risk of SARS‐CoV‐2 infection among in‐person nonhealthcare workers in six states, September 2020–June 2021
Authors: Groenewold Matthew R. , Billock Rachael , Free Hannah , Burrer Sherry L. , Sweeney Marie Haring , Wong Jessie , Lavender Antionette , Argueta Gabriel , Crawford Hannah‐Leigh , Erukunuakpor Kimberly , Karlsson Nicole D. , Armenti Karla , Thomas Hannah , Gaetz Kim , Dang Gialana , Harduar‐Morano Laurel , Modji Komi , Luckhaupt Sara E.
Published: May 2023

Background

While the occupational risk of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) infection for healthcare personnel in the United States has been relatively well characterized, less information is available on the occupational risk for workers employed in other settings. Even fewer studies have attempted to compare risks across occupations and industries. Using differential proportionate distribution as an approximation, we evaluated excess risk of SARS‐CoV‐2 infection by occupation and industry among non‐healthcare workers in six states.

Methods

We analyzed data on occupation and industry of employment from a six‐state callback survey of adult non‐healthcare workers with confirmed SARS‐CoV‐2 infection and population‐based reference data on employment patterns, adjusted for the effect of telework, from the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. We estimated the differential proportionate distribution of SARS‐CoV‐2 infection by occupation and industry using the proportionate morbidity ratio (PMR).

Results

Among a sample of 1111 workers with confirmed SARS‐CoV‐2 infection, significantly higher‐than‐expected proportions of workers were employed in service occupations (PMR 1.3, 99% confidence interval [CI] 1.1–1.5) and in the transportation and utilities (PMR 1.4, 99% CI 1.1–1.8) and leisure and hospitality industries (PMR 1.5, 99% CI 1.2–1.9).

Conclusions

We found evidence of significant differences in the proportionate distribution of SARS‐CoV‐2 infection by occupation and industry among respondents in a multistate, population‐based survey, highlighting the excess risk of SARS‐CoV‐2 infection borne by some worker populations, particularly those whose jobs require frequent or prolonged close contact with other people.
See no Evil, Hear no Evil, Speak no Evil: The grey literature and Australia's failure to address change in the National Disability Insurance Scheme
Authors: Gilchrist David , Perks Ben
Published: May 2023

The National Disability Insurance Scheme (NDIS) represents a social reform of a magnitude unseen in Australia. The Scheme's significant scope for impact warrants that proper performance evaluation is undertaken, that stakeholder interactions are collaborative and that the scheme is outcome driven. This article reviews a selection of grey literature to gain insights into the persistence of challenges facing the Scheme, as well as how the policy discourse has developed between 2011 and 2020. Our review finds that key issues related to the Scheme's effectiveness and sustainability have been persistent and repeatedly documented by stakeholders. Furthermore, we find that, had the grey literature been heeded, the current and predictable challenges facing the NDIS could have been mitigated at least to some extent. Our contribution here is to renew scholarly vigour toward the Scheme by canvassing its challenges as identified by commentators, policymakers and the industry itself and to focus attention on the capacity for this literature to predict and describe potential and extant problems as well as providing mitigations. By extension, we provide a catalogue of these challenges while showcasing the value of grey literature as one source of triangulating evidence in informing policy evaluation.
Tripartite Uncertainty, Quantum, and Classical Correlations Dynamics under Unruh Effect
Authors: Mohamed A.‐B. A. , Khedr A. N. , Younis S. M.
Published: May 2023

How the dynamics of classical and quantum correlations due to the Unruh effect are reflected in the properties of tripartite entropic uncertainty is investigated. It is found that, despite the quantum correlations disappearing at the limit of infinite acceleration, the uncertainty about the measurement outcome is at its minimum. This is due to the three‐qubit system still containing classic correlations at that stage of acceleration. Additionally, the decrease in the entropic uncertainty when the measured qubit interacts strongly with the scalar field can be attributed to the increase in classical correlations. Furthermore, it is found that the entropic uncertainty is fully anti‐correlated to classical correlations, and minimal uncertainty can be obtained even in the absence of quantum correlations. A tremendously tight constraint that effectively defined the properties of tripartite entropic uncertainty based on the difference between the total correlation and the Holevo quantities is achieved.
A novel plumes treater for solid rocket motors during hot‐firing tests using ice tunnel structure
Authors: Ma Yuan , Liu Tong , Zhang Yu , Huo Dongxing , Zhang Ping , Xie Fushou
Published: May 2023

Aiming at the perniciousness of the exhausted plumes from solid rocket motors during hot‐firing tests, a novel plume treater is proposed using the ice tunnel device. The feasibility and effectiveness of this ice tunnel treater were successfully verified by tests on two solid rocket motors, XX 127 and XX 500, with different fuel charges of about 1.5 and 700 kg, respectively. Results show that the plume temperature could be greatly reduced from around 2000 to below 100°C through the ice tunnel for both motors, and the effect of noise reduction as well as the elimination of gaseous hydrogen chloride was also measured to be available in the test of XX 500, indicating the new ice tunnel treater could quickly achieve the “three reductions” of high temperature, serious noise, and gas pollution of the solid rocket motor emissions. Besides, a numerical model considering the factors of air entrainment, afterburning, convective heat transfer, radiation heat transfer, and phase change was established to investigate the flow and heat transfer behaviors within the ice tunnel. The plume temperature at the outlet of the ice tunnel was in good agreement with the experimental data. The intensity of afterburning is mainly determined by the amount of entrained air and the CO concentration. The cooling capacity of the ice tunnel is mainly contributed by convection, air entrainment, and particle radiation. This work could provide new ideas and references for the technological upgrade of the ground test platforms for solid rocket motors.
Anticorrosive waterborne polyurethane coating with Gemini surfactant‐assisted exfoliation of hexagonal boron nitride nanosheets
Authors: Wu Jingheng , Wang Haihua , Li Rui , Guo Liyuan
Published: May 2023

The uniform dispersion of hexagonal boron nitride (h‐BN) in a waterborne polymer matrix remains a challenge in preparing waterborne uniform h‐BN/polymer composite coating. Here, cationic Gemini surfactant (GS‐16) is used as a surfactant and intercalator to exfoliate and functionalize bulk h‐BN for preparing GS‐16‐functionalized h‐BN nanosheets (G‐BNNS). For comparison, the conventional hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB) surfactant with the same structural unit was utilized to prepare CTAB‐functionalized BNNS (C‐BNNS). Compared with C‐BNNS, G‐BNNS exhibits larger lateral size, lower thickness, and larger specific surface area. G‐BNNS and C‐BNNS are subsequently blended with waterborne polyurethane (WPU) to prepare composite coatings. Their morphologies, surface roughness, water resistance, mechanical properties and anticorrosive performance of composite coatings are comparatively studied. The water resistance, mechanical, and thermal stability of G‐BNNS/WPU‐0.3 wt% composite films are higher than that of C‐BNNS/WPU‐0.3 wt% and WPU films. The impedance modulus of G‐BNNS/WPU‐0.3 wt% is four orders of magnitude higher than that of pristine WPU and at least one order of magnitude higher than C‐BNNS/WPU‐0.3 wt%. GS‐16 is demonstrated to be an effective surfactant and intercalator to exfoliate and functionalize h‐BN. The as‐prepared G‐BNNS is also certified to be a high‐performance anticorrosive filler for waterborne polymer‐based coatings.
Ladder‐like cross‐linked network of epoxy resin through multi‐site interaction: Flame retardancy and mechanical properties
Authors: Lai Geng , Lin Shufeng , Li Zhinong , Zhang Huagui , Chen Mingfeng
Published: May 2023

Most epoxy resins (EP) suffer from sacrificial mechanical properties in flame retardancy applications. Through a facile reaction between N‐aminoethylpiperazine (N‐AEP) and 9,10‐dihydro‐9‐oxa‐10‐phosphaphenanthrene‐10‐oxide (DOPO), a novel multi‐site interaction flame retardant, DOPO‐based aminoethylpiperazine (abbreviate as AEPO), was successfully synthesized, which could form a ladder‐like cross‐linked network with EP. EP modified by AEPO (EP‐AEPO) was tested for flame retardancy using the limiting oxygen index (LOI), the vertical burning test (UL‐94), and the cone calorimeter test (CCT). According to the results, EP‐10 (EP with 10 phr of AEPO) could pass UL‐94 V‐0 rating and get a LOI value of 35.5%, the peak heat release rate (PHRR) and total heat release (THR) of EP‐10 were also decreased by 25.2% and 29.8%, respectively, which caused by the synergistic charring effect of phosphorus and nitrogen elements contained in the structure of AEPO. Due to the ladder‐like cross‐linked network formed through multi‐site interaction, the mechanical properties demonstrated a significant improved. This work opened up a new strategy for achieving a comprehensive improvement on multifunctional EP through the design of a novel ladder‐like cross‐linked network with multi‐site interaction.
The association of disciplinary background with the evolution of topics and methods in Library and Information Science research 1995–2015
Authors: Vakkari Pertti , Järvelin Kalervo , Chang Yu‐Wei
Published: May 2023

The paper reports a longitudinal analysis of the topical and methodological development of Library and Information Science (LIS). Its focus is on the effects of researchers' disciplines on these developments. The study extends an earlier cross‐sectional study (Vakkari et al., Journal of the Association for Information Science and Technology, 2022a, 73, 1706–1722) by a coordinated dataset representing a content analysis of articles published in 31 scholarly LIS journals in 1995, 2005, and 2015. It is novel in its coverage of authors' disciplines, topical and methodological aspects in a coordinated dataset spanning two decades thus allowing trend analysis. The findings include a shrinking trend in the share of LIS from 67 to 36% while Computer Science, and Business and Economics increase their share from 9 and 6% to 21 and 16%, respectively. The earlier cross‐sectional study (Vakkari et al., Journal of the Association for Information Science and Technology, 2022a, 73, 1706–1722) for the year 2015 identified three topical clusters of LIS research, focusing on topical subfields, methodologies, and contributing disciplines. Correspondence analysis confirms their existence already in 1995 and traces their development through the decades. The contributing disciplines infuse their concepts, research questions, and approaches to LIS and may also subsume vital parts of LIS in their own structures of knowledge production.
Hydrogen‐bonded Complex‐based Frameworks for Stable Lithium Storage
Authors: Jiang Jialong , Liu Hongwen , Chen Zhonghang , Zhang Runhao , Guo Jiachen , Xu Xiufang , Cheng Peng , Shi Wei
Published: May 2023

Metal‐complex‐based materials for lithium storage have attracted great interest due to their highly designable structures with multiple active sites and well‐defined lithium transport pathways. Their cycling and rate performances, however, are still constrained by structural stability and electrical conductivity. Herein, we present two hydrogen‐bonded complex‐based frameworks with excellent lithium storage capability. Multiple hydrogen bonds among the mononuclear molecules result in three‐dimensional frameworks that are stable in electrolyte. The origin of the remarkable lithium storage performance of this family was revealed through kinetic analysis and DFT calculations.
A QbD‐led simple and sensitive RP‐UHPLC method for simultaneous determination of moxifloxacin, voriconazole, and pirfenidone: An application to pharmaceutical analysis
Authors: Bisen Amol Chhatrapati , Sanap Sachin Nashik , Biswas Arpon , Agrawal Sristi , Mishra Anjali , Kumar Mukesh , Choudhury Abhijit Deb , R. Heamanth Ganesan , Bhatta Rabi Sankar
Published: May 2023

A novel, quick and precise RP‐UHPLC analytical method for the simultaneous determination of moxifloxacin (MFX), voriconazole (VCZ) and pirfenidone (PIR) was developed and validated according to the International Conference on Harmonization guidelines using a QbD‐driven response surface Box–Behnken design. The developed method was validated considering the selectivity, sensitivity, linearity, accuracy‐precision, robustness, stability, limit of detection and limit of quantification, respectively. Resolution between MFX, VCZ and PIR was achieved using a gradient elution protocol against a Waters Symmetry Shield C18 column (150 × 4.6 mm2, 5 μm) using an Agilent 1290, Infinity II series LC system. The method was applied to quantitatively estimate proprietary and in‐house prepared pharmaceutical topical ophthalmic formulations containing MFX, VCZ and PIR at wavelength (λmax) of 296, 260 and 316 nm. The method is sensitive enough to detect up to 0.1 ppm of analytes in the formulation. The method was further exploited to study and identify the possible degradation products of the analytes. The proposed chromatographic method is simple, economical, reliable and reproducible. In conclusion, the developed method could be applicable for routine quality control analysis of single or combined MFX, VCZ and PIR‐containing units or bulk dosage forms in pharmaceutical industries and research organizations working on drug discovery and development.
Managing and treating Sydenham chorea: A systematic review
Authors: Tariq Samiuddin , Niaz Faizan , Waseem Summaiyya , Shaikh Taha Gul , Ahmed Syed Hassan , Irfan Muhammad , Nashwan Abdulqadir J. , Ullah Irfan
Published: May 2023

Introduction

Sydenham's chorea (SC), prevalent in developing countries and occasionally affecting developed ones, poses a clinical challenge due to the lack of systematic guidelines for diagnosis and treatment. Resulting from Group A Beta‐Hemolytic Streptococcus infection, SC presents various symptoms. This review aims to collect and evaluate available data on SC management to propose a cohesive treatment plan.

Methods

We searched PubMed, the Cochrane Library, Google Scholar, and ClinicalTrials.gov for literature on SC management from inception until 24th July 2022. Studies were screened by titles and abstracts. Cochrane Collaboration's Risk of Bias tool (RoB‐1) assessed Randomized Controlled Trials, while the Risk of Bias In Non‐randomized Studies of Interventions (ROBINS‐I) tool evaluated nonrandomized studies.

Results

The review includes 11 articles assessing 579 patients. Excluding one study with 229 patients, of the remaining 550 patients, 338 (61.5%) were females. Treatments used were dopamine antagonists in 118 patients, antiepileptics in 198, corticosteroids in 134, IVIG in 7, and PE in 8 patients. Dopamine antagonists, particularly haloperidol, were the primary treatment choice, while valproic acid (VPA) was favored among antiepileptics. Prednisolone, a corticosteroid, showed promising results with weight gain as the only side‐effect. Our review emphasizes the importance of immunomodulators in SC, contrasting previous literature.

Conclusion

Despite limitations, dopamine antagonists can serve as first‐line agents in SC management, followed by antiepileptics. The role of immunomodulators warrants further investigation for conclusive recommendations.
Predictive modeling of single pass tangential flow filtration for continuous biomanufacturing
Authors: Fuchs Madeline , Bhawnani Rajan , Sripada Sobhana A. , Molek Jessica , Ghodbane Mehdi
Published: May 2023

Opportunities for process intensification have made continuous biomanufacturing an area of active research. While tangential flow filtration (TFF) is typically employed within the biologics purification train to increase drug substance concentration, single‐pass TFF (SPTFF) modifies its format by enabling continuity of this process and achieving a multifold concentration factor through a single‐pass over the filtration membranes. In continuous processes feed concentration and flow rate are determined by the preceding unit operations. Therefore, tight control of SPTFF output concentration must be achieved through precise design of the membrane configuration, unlike TFF. However, predictive modeling can be utilized to identify configurations that achieve a desired target concentration across ranges of possible feed conditions with minimal experimental data, hence enabling accelerated process development and design flexibility. We hereby describe the development of a mechanistic model predicting SPTFF performance across a wide design space using the well‐established stagnant film model, which we demonstrate is more accurate at higher feed flow rates. The flux excursion dataset was generated within time constraints and with minimal material consumption, showing the method's ability to be quickly adapted. While this approach eliminates characterizing complex physicochemical model variables or the need for users with specialized training, the model and its assumptions become inaccurate at low flow rates, below 25 L/m2/h, and high conversions, above 0.9. As this low flow rate, high conversion operating regime is relevant for continuous biomanufacturing, we explore the assumptions and challenges involved in predicting and modeling SPTFF processes, while suggesting added characterization to gain further process insight.
Curse and Blessing of Non‐Proteinogenic Parts in Computational Enzyme Engineering
Authors: Korbeld Kerlen T. , Fürst Maximilian J. L. J.
Published: May 2023

Enzyme engineering aims to improve or install a new function in biocatalysts for applications ranging from chemical synthesis to biomedicine. For decades, computational techniques have been developed to predict the effect of protein changes and design new enzymes. However, these techniques may have been optimized to deal with proteins composed of the standard amino acid alphabet, while the function of many enzymes relies on non‐proteogenic parts like cofactors, nucleic acids, and post‐translational modifications. Enzyme systems containing such molecules might be handled or modeled improperly by computational tools, and thus be unsuitable, or require additional tweaking, parameterization, or preparation. In this review, we give an overview of common and recent tools and workflows available to computational enzyme engineers. We highlight the various pitfalls that come with including non‐proteogenic compounds in computations and outline potential ways to address common issues. Finally, we showcase successful examples from the literature that computationally engineered such enzymes.