bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Scalable Reduced-Complexity Compression of Hyperspectral Remote Sensing Images Using Deep Learning
Authors: Mijares i Verdú Sebastià , Ballé Johannes , Laparra Valero , Bartrina-Rapesta Joan , Hernández-Cabronero Miguel , Serra-Sagristà Joan
Published: September 2023

Two key hurdles to the adoption of Machine Learning (ML) techniques in hyperspectral data compression are computational complexity and scalability for large numbers of bands. These are due to the limited computing capacity available in remote sensing platforms and the high computational cost of compression algorithms for hyperspectral data, especially when the number of bands is large. To address these issues, a channel clusterisation strategy is proposed, which reduces the computational demands of learned compression methods for real scenarios and is scalable for different sources of data with varying numbers of bands. The proposed method is compatible with an embedded implementation for state-of-the-art on board hardware, a first for a ML hyperspectral data compression method. In terms of coding performance, our proposal surpasses established lossy methods such as JPEG 2000 preceded by a spectral Karhunen-Loève Transform (KLT), in clusters of 3 to 7 bands, achieving a PSNR improvement of, on average, 9 dB for AVIRIS and 3 dB for Hyperion images.
Integration and Detection of a Moving Target with Multiple Beams Based on Multi-Scale Sliding Windowed Phase Difference and Spatial Projection
Authors: Hu Rensu , Li Dong , Wan Jun , Kang Xiaohua , Liu Qinghua , Chen Zhanye , Yang Xiaopeng
Published: September 2023

Due to the fast scanning speed of the current phased-array radar and the moving characteristics of the target, the moving target usually spans multiple beams during coherent integration time, which results in severe performance loss for target focusing and parameter estimation because of the unknown entry/departure beam time within the coherent period. To solve this issue, a novel focusing and detection method based on the multi-beam phase compensation function (MBPCF), multi-scale sliding windowed phase difference (MSWPD), and spatial projection are proposed in this paper. The proposed method mainly includes the following three steps. First, the geometric and signal models of multiple beam integration with observed moving targets are accurately established where the range migration (RM), Doppler frequency migration (DFM), and beam migration (BM) are analyzed. Based on that, the BM is eliminated by the MBPCF, the second-order keystone transform (SOKT) is utilized to mitigate the RM, and then, a new MSWPD operation is developed to estimate the target’s entry/departure beam time, which realizes well-focusing output within the beam. After that, by dividing the radar detection area, the spatial projection (SP) method is adopted to obtain multiple-beams joint integration, and thus, improved detection performance can be obtained. Numerical experiments are carried out to evaluate the performance of the proposed method. The results show that the proposed method could achieve superior focusing and detection performances.
Gait Monitoring and Analysis: A Mathematical Approach
Authors: Canonico Massimo , Desimoni Francesco , Ferrero Alberto , Grassi Pietro Antonio , Irwin Christopher , Campani Daiana , Dal Molin Alberto , Panella Massimiliano , Magistrelli Luca
Published: September 2023

Gait abnormalities are common in the elderly and individuals diagnosed with Parkinson’s, often leading to reduced mobility and increased fall risk. Monitoring and assessing gait patterns in these populations play a crucial role in understanding disease progression, early detection of motor impairments, and developing personalized rehabilitation strategies. In particular, by identifying gait irregularities at an early stage, healthcare professionals can implement timely interventions and personalized therapeutic approaches, potentially delaying the onset of severe motor symptoms and improving overall patient outcomes. In this paper, we studied older adults affected by chronic diseases and/or Parkinson’s disease by monitoring their gait due to wearable devices that can accurately detect a person’s movements. In our study, about 50 people were involved in the trial (20 with Parkinson’s disease and 30 people with chronic diseases) who have worn our device for at least 6 months. During the experimentation, each device collected 25 samples from the accelerometer sensor for each second. By analyzing those data, we propose a metric for the “gait quality” based on the measure of entropy obtained by applying the Fourier transform.
Eye Segmentation Method for Telehealth: Application to the Myasthenia Gravis Physical Examination
Authors: Lesport Quentin , Joerger Guillaume , Kaminski Henry J. , Girma Helen , McNett Sienna , Abu-Rub Mohammad , Garbey Marc
Published: September 2023

Due to the precautions put in place during the COVID-19 pandemic, utilization of telemedicine has increased quickly for patient care and clinical trials. Unfortunately, teleconsultation is closer to a video conference than a medical consultation, with the current solutions setting the patient and doctor into an evaluation that relies entirely on a two-dimensional view of each other. We are developing a patented telehealth platform that assists with diagnostic testing of ocular manifestations of myasthenia gravis. We present a hybrid algorithm combining deep learning with computer vision to give quantitative metrics of ptosis and ocular muscle fatigue leading to eyelid droop and diplopia. The method works both on a fixed image and frame by frame of the video in real-time, allowing capture of dynamic muscular weakness during the examination. We then use signal processing and filtering to derive robust metrics of ptosis and l ocular misalignment. In our construction, we have prioritized the robustness of the method versus accuracy obtained in controlled conditions in order to provide a method that can operate in standard telehealth conditions. The approach is general and can be applied to many disorders of ocular motility and ptosis.
Cognitive Task Domain Influences Cognitive-Motor Interference during Large-Magnitude Treadmill Stance Perturbations
Authors: Pitts Jessica , Kannan Lakshmi , Bhatt Tanvi
Published: September 2023

Reactive balance is postulated to be attentionally demanding, although it has been underexamined in dual-tasking (DT) conditions. Further, DT studies have mainly included only one cognitive task, leaving it unknown how different cognitive domains contribute to reactive balance. This study examined how DT affected reactive responses to large-magnitude perturbations and compared cognitive-motor interference (CMI) between cognitive tasks. A total of 20 young adults aged 18–35 (40% female; 25.6 ± 3.8 y) were exposed to treadmill support surface perturbations alone (single-task (ST)) and while completing four cognitive tasks: Target, Track, Auditory Clock Test (ACT), Letter Number Sequencing (LNS). Three perturbations were delivered over 30 s in each trial. Cognitive tasks were also performed while seated and standing (ST). Compared to ST, post-perturbation MOS was lower when performing Track, and cognitive performance was reduced on the Target task during DT (p < 0.05). There was a larger decline in overall (cognitive + motor) performance from ST for both of the visuomotor tasks compared to the ACT and LNS (p < 0.05). The highest CMI was observed for visuomotor tasks; real-life visuomotor tasks could increase fall risk during daily living, especially for individuals with difficulty attending to more than one task.
Age-Related Cognitive Bias in the Assessment of Lateral Pinch Modulation by Occupational Therapists
Authors: Karniel Naama , Shimon Eden , Gemer Noam , Zivion Rotem , Portnoy Sigal
Published: September 2023

Background: Cognitive bias may appear in occupational therapists’ interpretation of physical examinations. Since different strategies for decision making have been shown to reduce bias, its quantification is an essential first step towards awareness and bias reduction. Our aims: (1) quantify cognitive bias by testing the differences in occupational therapists’ assessment of lateral pinch force modulation between young and older adults, and between women and men; and (2) to test for a correlation between the tendency to bypass an intuitive response and the degree of cognitive bias. Methods: Occupational therapists (n = 37; age 40.3 ± 11.4 years) used a visual analogue scale to rate pre-recorded simulations of the digital output of lateral pinch modulation videos of different levels of abilities coupled with videos of young/old men/woman pressing the force sensor. They filled out the Cognitive Reflection Test and the Rational-Experiential Inventory-40. Results: Subjects showed higher bias towards old individuals compared to young ones (p < 0.001), but with no sex bias (p = 0.119). Rational ability correlated with cognitive bias of assessment of lateral pinch modulation in old individuals (r = 0.537, p < 0.001). Discussion: Occupational therapists might underestimate the physical abilities of older adults. Biased evaluation might cause assignment of redundant exercises and therefore loss of time, effort, and resources.
Two-Leak Case Diagnosis Based on Static Flow Model for Liquid Transmission Pipelines
Authors: Ostapkowicz Pawel , Bratek Andrzej
Published: September 2023

The article deals with a diagnosis of multiple leaks from liquid transmission pipelines using analytical methods. Such solutions, based on advanced mathematical models of pipeline flow dynamics, usually turn out to be very complex and time-consuming. However, under certain operating conditions, a simpler approach may also be useful. Such an idea is presented in this paper, proposing two simplified methods for diagnosing double leakages. In principle, these methods apply to both simultaneous and non-simultaneous leaks. The first one uses a static model of a pipeline involving two leaks and takes advantage of the minimization of the objective function defined as the squared deviation of the modeled pressures from the pressures measured on the pipeline. The second method uses a pipeline flow model of a static type in combination with a gradient indicator aimed at detecting leaks and employing algorithms assigned to determining the location and size of leaks. The results of methods’ validation, based on tests carried out with the use of measurement data obtained from an experimental water pipeline, were also presented. The outcomes of the performed tests proved the methods’ effectiveness in terms of detection, isolation, localization, and intensity estimation of both simultaneous and non-simultaneous double leakages.
Technology to Automatically Record Eating Behavior in Real Life: A Systematic Review
Authors: Hiraguchi Haruka , Perone Paola , Toet Alexander , Camps Guido , Brouwer Anne-Marie
Published: September 2023

To monitor adherence to diets and to design and evaluate nutritional interventions, it is essential to obtain objective knowledge about eating behavior. In most research, measures of eating behavior are based on self-reporting, such as 24-h recalls, food records (food diaries) and food frequency questionnaires. Self-reporting is prone to inaccuracies due to inaccurate and subjective recall and other biases. Recording behavior using nonobtrusive technology in daily life would overcome this. Here, we provide an up-to-date systematic overview encompassing all (close-to) publicly or commercially available technologies to automatically record eating behavior in real-life settings. A total of 1328 studies were screened and, after applying defined inclusion and exclusion criteria, 122 studies were included for in-depth evaluation. Technologies in these studies were categorized by what type of eating behavior they measure and which type of sensor technology they use. In general, we found that relatively simple sensors are often used. Depending on the purpose, these are mainly motion sensors, microphones, weight sensors and photo cameras. While several of these technologies are commercially available, there is still a lack of publicly available algorithms that are needed to process and interpret the resulting data. We argue that future work should focus on developing robust algorithms and validating these technologies in real-life settings. Combining technologies (e.g., prompting individuals for self-reports at sensed, opportune moments) is a promising route toward ecologically valid studies of eating behavior.
Classification of Malicious URLs Using Machine Learning
Authors: Abad Shayan , Gholamy Hassan , Aslani Mohammad
Published: September 2023

Amid the rapid proliferation of thousands of new websites daily, distinguishing safe ones from potentially harmful ones has become an increasingly complex task. These websites often collect user data, and, without adequate cybersecurity measures such as the efficient detection and classification of malicious URLs, users’ sensitive information could be compromised. This study aims to develop models based on machine learning algorithms for the efficient identification and classification of malicious URLs, contributing to enhanced cybersecurity. Within this context, this study leverages support vector machines (SVMs), random forests (RFs), decision trees (DTs), and k-nearest neighbors (KNNs) in combination with Bayesian optimization to accurately classify URLs. To improve computational efficiency, instance selection methods are employed, including data reduction based on locality-sensitive hashing (DRLSH), border point extraction based on locality-sensitive hashing (BPLSH), and random selection. The results show the effectiveness of RFs in delivering high precision, recall, and F1 scores, with SVMs also providing competitive performance at the expense of increased training time. The results also emphasize the substantial impact of the instance selection method on the performance of these models, indicating its significance in the machine learning pipeline for malicious URL classification.
Intelligent Fault Diagnosis of Rolling Element Bearings Based on Modified AlexNet
Authors: Mohiuddin Mohammad , Islam Md. Saiful , Islam Shirajul , Miah Md. Sipon , Niu Ming-Bo
Published: September 2023

The reliable and safe operation of industrial systems needs to detect and diagnose bearing faults as early as possible. Intelligent fault diagnostic systems that use deep learning convolutional neural network (CNN) techniques have achieved a great deal of success in recent years. In a traditional CNN, the fully connected layer is located in the final three layers, and such a layer consists of multiple layers that are all connected. However, the fully connected layer of the CNN has the disadvantage of too many training parameters, which makes the model training and testing time longer and incurs overfitting. Additionally, because the working load is constantly changing and noise from the place of operation is unavoidable, the efficiency of intelligent fault diagnosis techniques suffers great reductions. In this research, we propose a novel technique that can effectively solve the problem of traditional CNN and accurately identify the bearing fault. Firstly, the best pre-trained CNN model is identified by considering the classification’s success rate for bearing fault diagnosis. Secondly, the selected CNN model is modified to effectively reduce the parameter quantities, overfitting, and calculating time of this model. Finally, the best classifier is identified to make a hybrid model concept to achieve the best performance. It is found that the proposed technique performs well under different load conditions, even in noisy environments, with variable signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) values. Our experimental results confirm that this proposed method is highly reliable and efficient in detecting and classifying bearing faults.
A Strategic Interpretation of Landscape through Interaction between Natural, Built and Virtual Environments: The Case Study of Piazzola sul Brenta
Authors: Montanari Greta , Giordano Andrea , Guidarelli Gianmario , Maietti Federica , Svalduz Elena
Published: September 2023

The need to digitize data as an analysis tool is increasingly a topical issue, also because it is a tool of common interest for several disciplines. This new research merges with the iNEST project (Interconnected Nord-Est Innovation Ecosystem), referring in particular to Spoke 4: city, architecture and sustainable design, which aims at extending the beneficial effects of digitalization to the areas of “Nord-Est” Italy. The project started in August 2022 and will end in August 2025. Knowing that the trend of urbanization, metropolis living, and climate change is related to psychologically stressful situations as a result of environmental stressors, this research aims to analyze if living in a place surrounded by natural and valuable artificial elements (i.e., historical architecture, art) is crucial in generating health and psychophysical well-being. This paper presents the case study of Piazzola sul Brenta, a small town in the Veneto region on which a territorial analysis was carried out to understand the existing dynamics between the natural and artificial environment, using the literature and historical maps. Since this research began recently, with only preliminary and partial results so far, this paper focuses on the interdisciplinary discussion developed around this topic, showing the first part of a research that aims to create models of urban and landscape contexts that enable in-depth analysis and the prefiguration of strategies for regeneration.
Reviewing and Integrating AEC Practices into Industry 6.0: Strategies for Smart and Sustainable Future-Built Environments
Authors: Almusaed Amjad , Yitmen Ibrahim , Almssad Asaad
Published: September 2023

This article explores the possible ramifications of incorporating ideas from AEC Industry 6.0 into the design and construction of intelligent, environmentally friendly, and long-lasting structures. This statement highlights the need to shift away from the current methods seen in the AEC Industry 5.0 to effectively respond to the increasing requirement for creative and environmentally sustainable infrastructures. Modern building techniques have been made more efficient and long-lasting because of AEC Industry 6.0’s cutting-edge equipment, cutting-edge digitalization, and ecologically concerned methods. The academic community has thoroughly dissected the many benefits of AEC Industry 5.0. Examples are increased stakeholder involvement, automation, robotics for optimization, decision structures based on data, and careful resource management. However, the difficulties of implementing AEC Industry 6.0 principles are laid bare in this research. It calls for skilled experts who are current on the latest technologies, coordinate the technical expertise of many stakeholders, orchestrate interoperable standards, and strengthen cybersecurity procedures. This study evaluates how well the principles of Industry 6.0 can create smart, long-lasting, and ecologically sound structures. The goal is to specify how these ideas may revolutionize the building industry. In addition, this research provides an in-depth analysis of how the AEC industry might best adopt AEC Industry 6.0, underscoring the sector-wide significance of this paradigm change. This study thoroughly analyzes AEC Industry 6.0 about big data analytics, the IoT, and collaborative robotics. To better understand the potential and potential pitfalls of incorporating AEC Industry 6.0 principles into the construction of buildings, this study examines the interaction between organizational dynamics, human actors, and robotic systems.
Pedagogical Models in Alternative Invasion Team Sports: A Systematic Review
Authors: Calle Olga , Antúnez Antonio , Ibáñez Sergio José , Feu Sebastián
Published: September 2023

Alternative sports are a popular sport practice that is being developed in the educational context, and its usefulness and validity is beginning to be disseminated through scientific publications. There are no documents that analyse these sports modalities. This research aimed to analyse the scientific production of alternative invasion team sports indexed in the Web of Science and Scopus databases. The guidelines established by the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) were followed. We studied variables grouped by contextual, procedural, and specific of alternative invasion team sports information. Seventy-one research studies published before 1 March 2023 were reviewed. A growth in the scientific literature was identified in the period 2004 to 2022. The predominant research approach was quantitative, where the most common designs were experiments and quasi-experiments. The most implemented sports were Floorball, Ultimate, and Korfball. They were oriented to a greater extent to the development of psychological factors, physical-motor factors, and values. The most-used pedagogical models were the Game-Centred Model and the Sports Education Model. Progress was generated by the practice itself and the use of these pedagogical models. The use of the hybridisation of the Self-Construction of Materials and Sports Education Model stood out, which favoured respect for the environment, education in sustainability, and prosocial behaviour. Sustainability becomes a fundamental objective in physical education classes. The scientific evidence of alternative invasion team sports is limited; therefore, the need to develop research on this topic of study is evident.
Relevance Analysis of China’s Digital Industry
Authors: Yu Guihai , Tang Lingpei , Peng Gang , Xiong Chao
Published: September 2023

Currently, the digital economy has emerged as a crucial force reshaping the global competitive landscape. This study aims to comprehensively explore the extent and economic significance of the digital industry. By utilizing existing national input–output tables, an input–output sequence table for the digital industry spanning from 2012 to 2020 was constructed. Through the application of input–output analysis and complex network methods, the study analyzed the interdependent effects of the digital industry and examined the structured characteristics of the industry network. The results indicate the following: (1) The core sectors of the digital industry primarily rely on the secondary industry as a foundation, utilizing its resources to drive their development. Simultaneously, these core sectors provide support to the tertiary industry, facilitating its transformation and upgrade. (2) The digital industry plays a role as a backward-linkage sector within the industrial chain, acting as an intermediate demand-driven industry that propels the transformation and growth of other industries. (3) China’s industrial network exhibits characteristics of both scale-free and small-world networks, featuring an uneven connectivity among industry nodes. (4) The digital foundational sectors are at the periphery of the network and have not developed a core advantage. The digital core sectors have not yet become the leading industries, but they have emerged as pivotal departments within the industry system, indicating the growing dominance of the digital industry in the overall economy.
Leaf Biochemical and Kernel Metabolite Profiles as Potential Biomarkers of Water Deficit in Walnut (Juglans regia L.) cv. Chandler
Authors: Calvo Franco E. , Silvente Sonia T. , Trentacoste Eduardo R.
Published: September 2023

Walnut cultivation is expanding into regions where water availability for irrigation is lower than crop evapotranspiration. However, information regarding the responses and adaptations of walnut trees to water deficit remains scarce. In this study, we applied three irrigation levels, 100%, 75%, and 50% of crop evapotranspiration (referred to as T100, T75, and T50, respectively), to Chandler walnut trees over two consecutive seasons. During the second season, we evaluated leaf water-deficit biomarkers, including proline, malondialdehyde, soluble sugars, phenols, and flavonoids, using targeted spectrophotometry. Despite not finding significant differences in biomarker concentrations among the irrigation regimes, we observed variations between different collection times (sprouting, endocarp hardening, and maturity). Furthermore, we assessed the kernel metabolome using untargeted gas chromatography–mass spectrometry, profiling seventy-one metabolites across all samples. Notably, forty-one of these metabolites were identified as members of distinct groups, comprising carbohydrates (n = 11), fatty acids (n = 11), organic acids (n = 9), and amino acids (n = 5). Linear mixed models showed no significant differences between the irrigation regimes. However, in the T50 treatment, multivariate analysis (PCA) revealed a higher concentration of osmotic adjustment metabolites, which are potentially associated with protecting oil biosynthesis under high-temperature and water deficit conditions.
Virtual-Agent-Based Language Learning: A Scoping Review of Journal Publications from 2012 to 2022
Authors: Gu Xinyan , Yu Taxue , Huang Jun , Wang Feng , Zheng Xiaoli , Sun Mengxiang , Ye Zihao , Li Qi
Published: September 2023

Researchers have pointed out the importance of virtual agents in technology-supported language learning; however, how to effectively combine the two remains a challenge for educators and educational technologists. To this end, this study reviewed publications in the field of virtual-agent-based language learning research from 2012 to 2022 in the Web of Science SSCI Core Collection database and explored the dimensions of publication trends, country and regional distribution, participants, research methodology, research platforms, role of virtual agents, language proficiency, research hot topics, theoretical foundations, and hot issues and trends in the field of virtual-agent-based language learning research. Cluster and co-occurrence analysis using VOSviewer software was used to analyze the links among country and region distribution, keywords, and terms. It was found that (1) the top four regions in terms of the number of citations for authors were, in descending order, Iran, Japan, South Korea, and Brazil; (2) the learner characteristics that scholars were most concerned about were learning effectiveness, memory performance, social presence, learning experience, and motivation; and (3) the results of co-occurrence analyses classified virtual-agent-based language learning research into eight clusters, namely, anthropomorphic virtual agents, the effects produced by virtual agents, the social interaction of virtual agents, animated virtual agents and language achievement, the gestures of virtual agents, the effects of virtual agents on learner characteristics, computer-assisted learning, and the design of virtual agents. The lack of the systematic application of virtual agents in language learning prevented previous studies from revealing the language learning process in virtual-agent-based learning environments. Therefore, this study made appropriate recommendations for future investigations on how virtual agents can improve language learning for researchers, teachers, and decision makers.
Application of GA-WELM Model Based on Stratified Cross-Validation in Intrusion Detection
Authors: Chen Chen , Guo Xiangke , Zhang Wei , Zhao Yanzhao , Wang Biao , Ma Biao , Wei Dan
Published: September 2023

Aiming at the problem of poor detection performance under the environment of imbalanced type distribution, an intrusion detection model of genetic algorithm to optimize weighted extreme learning machine based on stratified cross-validation (SCV-GA-WELM) is proposed. In order to solve the problem of imbalanced data types in cross-validation subsets, SCV is used to ensure that the data distribution in all subsets is consistent, thus avoiding model over-fitting. The traditional fitness function cannot solve the problem of small sample classification well. By designing a weighted fitness function and giving high weight to small sample data, the performance of the model can be effectively improved in the environment of imbalanced type distribution. The experimental results show that this model is superior to other intrusion detection models in recall and McNemar hypothesis test. In addition, the recall of the model for small sample data is higher, reaching 91.5% and 95.1%, respectively. This shows that it can effectively detect intrusions in an environment with imbalanced type distribution. Therefore, the model has practical application value in the field of intrusion detection, and can be used to improve the performance of intrusion detection systems in the actual environment. This method has a wide application prospect, such as network security, industrial control system, and power system.
A Pair of Optimized Nyström Methods with Symmetric Hybrid Points for the Numerical Solution of Second-Order Singular Boundary Value Problems
Authors: Ramos Higinio , Rufai Mufutau Ajani , Carpentieri Bruno
Published: September 2023

This paper introduces an efficient approach for solving Lane–Emden–Fowler problems. Our method utilizes two Nyström schemes to perform the integration. To overcome the singularity at the left end of the interval, we combine an optimized scheme of Nyström type with a set of Nyström formulas that are used at the fist subinterval. The optimized technique is obtained after imposing the vanishing of some of the local truncation errors, which results in a set of symmetric hybrid points. By solving an algebraic system of equations, our proposed approach generates simultaneous approximations at all grid points, resulting in a highly effective technique that outperforms several existing numerical methods in the literature. To assess the efficiency and accuracy of our approach, we perform some numerical tests on diverse real-world problems, including singular boundary value problems (SBVPs) from chemical kinetics.
Artificial Neural Network Solution for a Fractional-Order Human Skull Model Using a Hybrid Cuckoo Search Algorithm
Authors: Waseem  , Ali Sabir , Khattak Shahzad , Ullah Asad , Ayaz Muhammad , Awwad Fuad A. , Ismail Emad A. A.
Published: September 2023

In this study, a new fractional-order model for human skull heat conduction is tackled by using a neural network, and the results were further modified by using the hybrid cuckoo search algorithm. In order to understand the temperature distribution, we introduced memory effects into our model by using fractional time derivatives. The objective function was constructed in such a way that the L2−error remained at a minimum. The fractional order equation was then calculated by using the proposed biogeography-based hybrid cuckoo search (BHCS) algorithm to approximate the solution. When compared to earlier simulations based on integer-order models, this method enabled us to examine the fractional-order (FO) cases, as well as the integer order. The results are presented in the form of figures and tables for the different case studies. The results obtained for the various parameters were validated numerically against the available literature, where our proposed methodology showed better performance when compared to the least squares method (LSM).
Human Health Risk Assessment for Exposure to Heavy Metals via Dietary Intake of Rainbow Trout in the Influence Area of a Smelting Facility Located in Peru
Authors: Peñaloza Richard , Custodio María , Cacciuttolo Carlos , Chanamé Fernán , Cano Deyvis , Solorzano Fernando
Published: September 2023

Abandoned mining–metallurgical sites can significantly impact the environment and human health by accumulating heavy metals in aquatic ecosystems. The water in the sub-basin near an abandoned smelting facility in the city of La Oroya, Peru, is primarily used for pisciculture. The objective of this study was to assess the risk to human health from exposure to heavy metals via dietary intake of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) in the influence area of a smelting facility located in the central Andean region of Peru. The bioconcentration factor, biosediment accumulation factor, and consumption risks were evaluated using the Monte Carlo method. The results showed that the concentrations of elements (Zn > Pb > Cu > As) in rainbow trout muscle did not exceed the maximum limit (ML). However, the water significantly exceeded the ML for Pb in all sectors and As in the lower and middle parts of the river. The concentration of Pb in sediments also significantly exceeded the ML in the upper and lower parts of the river. Consequently, rainbow trout consumption in the study area presents risks to human health due to the bioaccumulation of heavy metals, with a 1.27% carcinogenic risk in samples from the lower part of the river.
Automatic Identification of Auroral Substorms Based on Ultraviolet Spectrographic Imager Aboard Defense Meteorological Satellite Program (DMSP) Satellite
Authors: Hu Ze-Jun , Lian Hui-Fang , Zhao Bai-Ru , Han Bing , Zhang Yi-Sheng
Published: September 2023

An auroral substorm is an important physical process of energy accumulation and explosive release in the Earth’s magnetosphere, and is an important research object of space environment monitoring and space weather warnings. A westward traveling surge (WTS) is a typical auroral physical process of an auroral substorm. Its static characteristic is auroral folding at the polar boundary of an auroral oval and its dynamic characteristic is the westward motion of auroral folding. According to the static characteristic of a WTS, we defined a set of feature parameters based on the morphology and designed a set of automatic detection and discrimination methods; that is, the WTS was identified by using the extracted features and pattern recognition approaches. This approach was tested by using the aurora data of the ultraviolet auroral spectral imager of the Defense Meteorological Satellite Program (DMSP) satellite. The results showed that the accuracy rate of automatic recognition was 61.39%~63.61% and the precision rate was 55.52%~57.92%. The experimental results showed that the approach was effective at detecting the typical characteristics of an auroral substorm (WTS).
The Remarkable Legacy of Theodor O. Diener (1921–2023): Preeminent Plant Pathologist and the Discoverer of Viroids
Authors: Owens Robert A. , Hadidi Ahmed
Published: September 2023

Theodor (“Ted”) Otto Diener, the discoverer of viroids, died on 28 March 2023 at his home in Beltsville, Maryland, USA [...]
The Association of HHV-6 and the TNF-α (-308G/A) Promotor with Major Depressive Disorder Patients and Healthy Controls in Thailand
Authors: Sumala Sasiwimon , Ekalaksananan Tipaya , Pientong Chamsai , Buddhisa Surachat , Passorn Supaporn , Duangjit Sureewan , Janyakhantikul Somwang , Suktus Areeya , Bumrungthai Sureewan
Published: September 2023

Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a silent global health problem that can lead to suicide. MDD development is suggested to result from numerous risk factors, including genetic factors. A precise tool for MDD diagnosis is currently not available. Recently, inflammatory processes have been identified as being strongly involved in MDD development and the reactivation of human herpesvirus type 6 (HHV-6), upregulating cytokines such as TNF-α, which are associated with MDD. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the association of HHV-6 with genetic factors, especially TNF-α mutation, in MDD patients and their relatives compared to healthy controls. The Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) was used to evaluate MDD status, and 471 oral buccal samples were investigated for HHV-6 infection and viral copy number by qPCR. TNF-α (-308G/A) gene mutation and the cytokines TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-10 were analyzed by high-resolution melting (HRM) analysis and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Whole-exome sequencing of buccal samples was performed to analyze for genetic factors. The results showed significantly higher HHV-6 positivities and viral loads in MDD patients (15/59 (25.67%) and 14,473 ± 16,948 copies/µL DNA) and their relatives (blood relatives 17/36 (47.22%) and 8146 ± 5656 copies/µL DNA); non-blood relatives 7/16 (43.75%) and 20,721 ± 12,458 copies/µL DNA) compared to the healthy population (51/360 (14.17%) and 6303 ± 5791 copies/µL DNA). The TNF-α (-308G/A) mutation showed no significant difference. Surprisingly, 12/26 (46.15%) participants with the TNF-α (-308G/A) mutation showed HHV-6 positivities at higher rates than those with wild-type TNF-α (-308G) (70/267 (26.22%)). HHV-6-positive participants with TNF-α (-308G/A) showed higher levels of TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-10 than those of negative control. Exome analysis revealed that common mutations in immune genes were associated with depression. Therefore, this study unveiled the novel association of inflammatory gene TNF-α (-308G/A) mutations with HHV-6 reactivation, which could represent a combined risk factor for MDD. This result could induce further research on MDD development and clinical applications.
Unconjugated Multi-Epitope Peptides Adjuvanted with ALFQ Induce Durable and Broadly Reactive Antibodies to Human and Avian Influenza Viruses
Authors: Rikhi Nimisha , Sei Clara J. , Rao Mangala , Schuman Richard F. , Kroscher Kellie A. , Matyas Gary R. , Muema Kevin , Lange Camille , Assiaw-Dufu Aba , Hussin Elizabeth , Jobe Ousman , Alving Carl R. , Fischer Gerald W.
Published: September 2023

An unconjugated composite peptide vaccine targeting multiple conserved influenza epitopes from hemagglutinin, neuraminidase, and matrix protein and formulated with a safe and highly potent adjuvant, Army Liposome formulation (ALFQ), generated broad and durable immune responses in outbred mice. The antibodies recognized specific epitopes in influenza peptides and several human, avian, and swine influenza viruses. Comparable antibody responses to influenza viruses were observed with intramuscular and intradermal routes of vaccine administration. The peptide vaccine induced cross-reactive antibodies that recognized influenza virus subtypes A/H1N1, A/H3N2, A/H5N1, B/Victoria, and B/Yamagata. In addition, immune sera neutralized seasonal and pandemic influenza strains (Group 1 and Group 2). This composite multi-epitope peptide vaccine, formulated with ALFQ and administered via intramuscular and intradermal routes, provides a high-performance supra-seasonal vaccine that would be cost-effective and easily scalable, thus moving us closer to a viable strategy for a universal influenza vaccine and pandemic preparedness.
Study on the Hydraulic Response of an Open-Channel Water Transmission Project after Flow Switching
Authors: Zhang Naifeng , Ren Honglei , Lin Fei
Published: September 2023

For the complex and changing water transfer conditions along the nullah water transfer project, it is of great significance to analyze the hydraulic response characteristics of the channel pool to ensure the safe and efficient operation of the project. In this paper, using the adjustable reservoir capacity of the channel pool, combined with the earliest and latest regulation time, a method is proposed to determine the optimal regulation time of water conservancy engineering structures through the hydraulic response characteristics. In order to validate the method, the hydraulic response characteristics of the channel pool during the whole regulation period were investigated using an actual river diversion project as an example. By using the Sobol global sensitivity analysis method, the sensitivity analysis of three variables (water transfer flow, upstream initial flow, and downstream water level) was conducted, and the results showed that the change of water transfer flow was the most-critical factor affecting the optimal regulation time. In order to quantitatively study the correlation between the water transfer flow and the optimal regulation time, the water transfer flow factor was coupled to the existing prediction model, and the results showed that the coupled model can efficiently predict the optimal regulation time, and the NSE coefficient can reach 0.98. In addition, the coupled model can be efficiently used to serve on-site dispatchers for accurately predicting the optimal regulation time and making the corresponding safety decisions.
Український театр під час російсько-української війни: зміни, проблеми, тенденції
Authors: Струтинський Богдан
Published: September 2023

Статтю присвячено дослідженню сучасного стану театру в Україні, аналізу проблем, з якими зіштовхнувся український театр після 24 лютого 2022 р., фіксації змін, що відбуваються під впливом зовнішніх та внутрішніх викликів. На основі аналізу діяльності театральних колективів за перші 9 місяців російсько-української війни виокремлено спільні тенденції розвитку та проблеми, які театру доведеться подолати
Word, Image, Performance: The World of Artists in Early Medieval Western Deccan
Authors: Dhar Parul Pandya
Published: September 2023

本 文 以 德 干 西 部 巴 達 米 、 艾 荷 落 、 帕 塔 達 卡 爾 的 中 世 紀 早 期 寺 廟 建 築 群 為 研 究 對 象 ， 介 紹 了 相 關 藝 術 家 及 其 藝 術 實 踐 。 筆 者 試 圖 理 解 建 築 師 、 雕 刻 家 、 作 曲 家 、 表 演 者 、 導 師 和 贊 助 人 的 角 色 ， 這 些 角 色 在 藝 術 家 自 己 的 表 達 和 作 品 中 得 到 體 現 ， 這 與 常 規 文 本 所 呈 現 的 方 式 大 不 相 同 。 重 點 是 當 事 者 角 度 ： 藝 術 家 如 何 看 待 自 己 及 其 作 品 ？ 關 於 自 己 的 身 份 、 志 向 、 創 作 環 境 、 工 作 方 法 以 及 藝 術 表 達 動 機 ， 他 們 留 下 了 哪 些 線 索 ？ 他 們 如 何 經 營 彼 此 以 及 與 贊 助 人 之 間 的 關 係 ？ 此 外 ， 本 文 還 探 討 了 德 干 中 世 紀 早 期 視 覺 藝 術 和 表 演 藝 術 之 間 的 關 係 ， 並 將 兩 者 歷 史 相 結 合 。 該 過 程 肯 定 了 以 下 方 法 的 重 要 性 ， 即 研 究 藝 術 家 的 自 我 表 達 ， 有 利 於 對 歷 史 遺 跡 的 解 讀 。
Unruly Women in Chinese Popular Prints of Late Qing Shanghai
Authors: Huang Hua
Published: September 2023

研 究 中 國 現 代 印 刷 文 化 和 性 別 文 化 的 學 者 往 往 將 關 注 點 聚 焦 於 新 式 的 報 刊 雜 誌 以 及 公 共 女 性 比 如 女 學 生 、 妓 女 和 有 革 新 理 念 的 女 知 識 分 子 等 議 題 ， 從 而 忽 略 主 流 之 外 的 傳 統 印 刷 技 術 及 其 文 化 。 事 实 上 ， 蓬 勃 发 展 的 城 市 现 代 印 刷 文 化 的 夾 縫 中 传 统 印 刷 也 有 自 己 的 小 市 场 。 这 个 小 市 场 主 要 生 产 那 些 常 常 被 知 识 精 英 认 为 是 保 守 的 、 不 适 当 的 、 甚 至 粗 俗 的 印 刷 品 。 本 論 文 將 關 注 點 聚 焦 於 傳 統 木 板 畫 。 不 同 於 傳 統 繪 畫 所 塑 造 的 理 想 儒 家 女 性 形 象 ， 晚 清 上 海 木 板 畫 為 我 們 提 供 了 另 一 種 女 性 形 象 ： 潑 婦 、 悍 婦 和 淫 婦 。 本 文 將 以 木 板 畫 中 的 這 些 非 理 想 女 性 形 象 為 切 入 點 來 探 討 十 九 世 紀 末 二 十 世 紀 初 的 普 通 民 眾 是 如 何 採 取 相 對 保 守 的 態 度 來 回 應 “女 性 問 題” 的 。
La « compensation après-vente » (zhaojia 找價) au Jiangnan sous les dynasties des Ming et des Qing. Étude de cette pratique à travers l’évolution de la taxation des transactions foncières
Authors: Feng A
Published: September 2023

The emergence and spread of the practice of “after-sale compensation” (zhaojia 找價) under the Ming and Qing dynasties was driven not only by rising land prices and regulation of resales, but also by changes in the system of taxation of land transactions, notably in the tax rate. Some previous studies have suggested that a 3% tax rate on these sales was maintained throughout the Ming and Qing dynasties ; however, the government in fact lowered the taxes on these transactions at the beginning of the Ming. In the mid-and late Ming, the tax rate was intermittently restored to 3%, depending on the state’s financial exigencies. In the mid-Qing a more rigorous system of the “notarization” of base contracts, and afferent acts drawn up simultaneously with them, was established. The development of the practice of after-sale compensation thus coincided with changes in the system of both fiscal acts and taxation rates. From several of the extant after-sale compensation contracts, notably separate contracts to arrive at an irrevocable sale in urban property sales, it is clear that the practice of after-sale compensation was aimed at avoiding paying tax.
Spiritual Colonisation: Society and Religious Cults in Central Hunan since the Song Dynasty
Authors: Wing Sing Lui
Published: September 2023

La mise au jour récente d’une multitude de sources primaires dans la région du centre du Hunan a considérablement enrichi les études sur le taoïsme local en Chine. La découverte la plus notable est celle de petites statues en bois dans lesquelles sont ingénieusement dissimulés des certificats de consécration. En tant que divinités communautaires et familiales, le « maître de famille » (jiazhu 家主) et le « maître du lieu » (dizhu 地主) sont représentés sous la forme de ces statues et disposés sur les autels domestiques. Membres du clan, les dizhu sont honorés d’une part en raison de leur pouvoir spirituel (fashu 法術), et ont été identifiés à des chamans et des dieux territoriaux et, d’autre part, comme les jiazhu, ils sont vénérés comme des divinités ayant mis en valeur des terres incultes. Le culte des ancêtres dans les communautés locales implique principalement la célébration des jiazhu. Cet article présente une étude du développement de leur culte par le biais d’analyses de diverses sources primaires, notamment des documents officiels, des sources locales et des textes rituels taoïstes. L’auteur se concentre sur le long processus au cours duquel les croyances locales se sont entrelacées avec différents cultes à partir de la dynastie des Song, ce qui a donné lieu à des caractéristiques régionales spécifiques qui sont repérables dans les observances rituelles de routine.
De la mise en œuvre des principes éthiques dans un village chinois : la pratique rituelle contemporaine des habitants de Huanglong kou 黃龍口 à Qimen 祁門 (province de l’Anhui)
Authors: Boshan Liu
Published: September 2023

Research on the actual application of village ethical principles (lunli 倫理) not only presupposes a focus on specific practices but must also take into consideration, through sustained fieldwork, the “forms of awareness” of rural residents. This article is based on the village of Huanglong kou 黃龍口 , in Guxi 古溪 Township of Qimen 祁門 District—formerly part of Huizhou 徽州 Prefecture—, which has been the focus of long-term fieldwork. It aims to describe the actual situation of the ordinary ritual practices of the Wang lineage 汪氏, to reveal their significance, and to use this data to address three main questions: the vitality of these practices of a Confucian nature in the twenty-first century; the still effective importance to rural people of the ancestral halls (citang 祠堂); and the need to introduce innovations and transformations in the development of these aspects of traditional Chinese culture.
Existing Debates, Problems, and the Need for New Quantitative Insight in the Economic History of Late Imperial China
Authors: Yang Cheng
Published: September 2023

This paper represents an extensive review of the academic literature on several fundamental questions, ranging from Needham’s enigma (why China, more advanced than Europe in the application of knowledge, did not develop a modern science) to Pomeranz’s reflections on the great divergence between Europe and China. It identifies and discusses the various methodological approaches and sources of data that have been deployed to answer these questions. Particular attention is paid to research carried out within the framework of the quantitative approach of economic history, but other disciplinary fields which have contributions to make, such as demography and environmental studies, are also discussed. This historiographical survey ends by highlighting the empirical conundrum facing research in this field : solid empirical foundations have already been built, and many impressive intellectual frameworks of analysis proposed, but more evidence is needed in order to be able to better understand the internal dynamics of the economies under consideration. Court records, and in particular the Xingke tiben 刑科題本 for the period from 1736 to 1898, are highlighted as a potential avenue for future research on these questions.
Les sensations internes
Authors: Piéron Henri
Published: September 2023

Les systèmes intéroceptifs ne donnent de sensations que lorsque les mécanismes réflexogènes de la vie végétative ne peuvent suffire à assurer les régulations organiques maintenant l’homéostasie nécessaire à la vie. La sagesse du corps fait appel aux ressources de l’intelligence adaptative, régulatrice du comportement, soit par une alarme générale (sensations douloureuses), soit par l’éveil d’un besoin, suscitant des activités d’appoint (comme pour la miction ou la défécation), ou des démarches essentielles (besoins alimentaires). La soif et la faim, normalement éveillées par des sensations (sécheresse buccale, mouvements gastriques) paraissent évocables directement comme tendances analogues aux instincts à partir de centres de régulation hypothalamique, et cela en particulier dans le cas de faims spécifiques.