bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
L’emprunt et le besoin de financement des collectivités locales : les leçons de l’histoire
Authors: Doyen Yann
Published: February 2025

À la suite des lois de décentralisation et de libéralisation du recours à l’emprunt au cours des années 1980, les collectivités locales sont devenues le premier investisseur public en France tout en ne supportant qu’un endettement modéré. Au cours des dix dernières années, les collectivités locales ont néanmoins pu être confrontées à des difficultés. Celles-ci ont donné lieu à différentes initiatives des pouvoirs publics. Parmi celles-ci, dans un contexte de renouvellement du paysage bancaire, le législateur a permis la création d’un nouvel acteur du financement local, l’Agence France locale.
Gérard Nicoud et la révolte des indépendants contre l’injustice fiscale
Authors: de Bellescize Ramu
Published: February 2025

Le mouvement de Gérard Nicoud naît en décembre 1968, d’une révolte antifiscale. Il se caractérise par la lutte contre l’inquisition fiscale et la défiance à l’égard du système politique. Il remporte plusieurs victoires parmi lesquelles la création du Conseil des impôts, de la charte du contribuable vérifié, des centres de gestion agréés, ainsi que la suppression de la patente.
Pratique et limites des décrets d’avance sous l’empire de la loi organique relative aux lois de finances
Authors: Lechaire Clément , de Vitry Geoffroy
Published: February 2025

L’exercice 2017 a été marqué par un niveau inédit de crédits budgétaires ouverts via des décrets d’avance. Cet article analyse la pratique et l’encadrement juridique de ces décrets, qui sont devenus des instruments politiques. Il propose d’adapter les règles organiques applicables aux décrets d’avance, afin de préserver l’autorisation parlementaire budgétaire.
La conception de la corruption dans le droit pénal
Authors: Bouvier Laure-Alice
Published: February 2025

Cet article passe en revue un certain nombre d’interrogations : comment le droit pénal appréhende-t-il la corruption qui touche la sphère publique ? A-t-il une approche uniforme du phénomène quels que soient les secteurs ou a-t-il une approche différente selon qu’il s’agit d’argent public ou d’argent privé ? Le droit pénal donne-t-il au juge les moyens de réprimer efficacement le phénomène ? Quelles sont les principales limites à cet égard ?
L’Europe est-elle aussi corrompue que les Européens le croient ?
Authors: Mungiu-Pippidi Alina
Published: February 2025

Plus des deux tiers des personnes interrogées par Eurobaromètre 2017 (68 %) pensent que la corruption est répandue dans leur propre pays. Cet article examine sur la base d’indicateurs si cette opinion correspond à la réalité. Il apparaît qu’il en résulte que moins d’un tiers des Européens associe inégalité et corruption. La majorité se fait son opinion de la grande corruption sans en avoir une connaissance réelle.
Corruption et relations internationales
Authors: Fernandez Julian
Published: February 2025

La corruption est une donnée inhérente aux relations internationales. Le phénomène a cependant pris une ampleur considérable, en particulier dans certains domaines comme le maintien de la paix ou la justice pénale internationale. Les instruments adoptés en réaction apparaissent encore bien insuffisants.
Vers un budget fédéral pour la zone euro ?
Authors: Ndiaye Abdoul
Published: February 2025

La question d’un budget spécifique à la zone euro n’est pas récente. Remise à la table des négociations suite aux crises des années 2000 et de leurs prolongements, elle trouve désormais une réponse dans l’instrument budgétaire pour la compétitivité et la convergence (IBCC), récemment annoncé par les dirigeants européens et dont la mise en application est prévue pour 2021. Cet instrument résulte cependant d’un compromis fragile, déchiré entre les aspirations des différents États membres de l’Union économique et monétaire. Porté par des défenseurs ambitieux, le projet a souffert des réticences des pays du Nord et de l’Allemagne, craignant des transferts permanents vers les pays les plus en difficulté. En cela, il manque aujourd’hui d’être un véritable budget opérationnel permettant une stabilisation macroéconomique. Toutefois, il ne faut pas négliger son importance symbolique et son articulation avec les autres mécanismes vis-à-vis de l’approfondissement de la zone euro.
La soutenabilité des politiques d’investissement local
Authors: Navarre Françoise
Published: February 2025

Les questions relatives à la soutenabilité des politiques d’investissement local sont à la fois aiguës et complexes. En première analyse, il apparaît que ce sont bien prioritairement des questions de soutenabilité des politiques financières locales. Cette soutenabilité, territorialement différenciée, apparaît comme indissolublement liée aux conditions même dans lesquelles les collectivités territoriales et leurs groupements sont à même de mobiliser des ressources.
Tiers-lieux : le point de vue des collectivités locales : l’exemple de la Ville de Paris
Authors: Baranger Marie-Christine
Published: February 2025

Espaces de co working, fablab… les tiers-lieux sont l’expression de réalités diverses. Ils peuvent suivre les uns et les autres des objectifs très différents. Néanmoins ils répondent tous à une volonté issue d’initiative locale. L’exemple de la Ville de Paris montre comment un tiers-lieu répondant à un véritable besoin identifié sur le plan local, peut être soutenu financièrement par une collectivité tout en assurant sa pérennité financière.
Quelle qualité de la décision financière des collectivités territoriales ?
Authors: Leroy Marc
Published: February 2025

La décision financière des collectivités territoriales est évaluée, et notée, à partir d’une analyse de contenu de 1 366 observations des Chambres régionales des comptes, selon ces critères : nature (régularité, gestion, démocratie), importance, domaines, coût budgétaire.
Finance durable et collectivités locales : du développement des obligations labellisées à la prise en compte des critères ESG dans l’analyse crédit
Authors: Collette Matthieu
Published: February 2025

La finance a pris conscience de la nécessité d’intégrer les questions environnementales (E), sociales (S) et de gouvernance (G). Dans le même temps, les collectivités locales françaises ont été parmi les premiers émetteurs d’obligations labellisées (partie 1) et la finance durable n’apparaît pas seulement structurante pour leur financement. La tendance de fond est à l’intégration systématique et transparente des critères ESG dans l’analyse credit (partie 2).
Premier bilan du prélèvement à la source après un semestre de mise en œuvre : une entrée en réforme réussie
Authors: Berthelot Grégory
Published: February 2025

Le prélèvement à la source est une réforme de simplification du recouvrement de l’impôt sur le revenu, qui vise à en rendre le paiement contemporain de la perception des revenus correspondants. Afin d’éviter un double prélèvement en 2019, un dispositif spécifique a été prévu pour l’année de transition (« année blanche »). L’impôt sur les revenus non exceptionnels perçus en 2018 et situé dans le champ du prélèvement à la source a ainsi été effacé. Grâce à la forte mobilisation et à la bonne préparation des nombreux acteurs concernés, l’entrée en réforme s’est très bien passée, tant du point de vue des collecteurs que des usagers. À l’issue du premier semestre de mise en œuvre du prélèvement à la source, on peut donc dresser un bilan positif de la réforme, le prélèvement à la source étant désormais considéré comme un acquis par la grande majorité des contribuables.
Prélèvement à la source de l’impôt sur le revenu : quelles évolutions du rôle de l’employeur public ? Le cas de la Ville de Paris
Authors: Tinlot Guillaume
Published: February 2025

Réforme majeure du recouvrement, la mise en place du prélèvement à la source de l’impôt sur le revenu a fait des employeurs des acteurs du consentement à l’impôt. La mise en œuvre de la réforme a constitué un enjeu fort pour les employeurs, notamment publics, tant du point de vue de leur nouveau rôle en matière de collecte et de recouvrement de l’impôt, que par les exigences posées par la réforme sur leur fonctionnement interne.
Le financement de la dette publique française 2020-2030 : Pourquoi émettre des titres à zéro coupon de longue maturité ?
Authors: Gruson Pierre
Published: February 2025

La soutenabilité de la dette publique française reste actuellement une préoccupation majeure. Quelles pistes peut-on envisager pour restructurer le financement de la dette publique à venir avant qu’une probabilité de défaut ne soit intégrée par les marchés financiers.
La confiance : une importance particulière dans le cas des entreprises
Authors: Saint-Martin Laurent
Published: February 2025

Notre capacité à construire une relation de confiance profonde et durable entre les administrations fiscales et les entreprises dépend de notre volonté de traiter le défaut fondamental de la norme fiscale : son instabilité. Une fiscalité efficace, c’est avant tout une fiscalité prévisible, sur laquelle les entreprises peuvent s’appuyer pour développer leurs stratégies de croissance.
Le consentement à l’impôt et les autorités européennes
Authors: Maitrot de la Motte Alexandre
Published: February 2025

Le développement du droit de l’Union européenne conduit à reconsidérer le principe du consentement à l’impôt. Cette reconsidération, qui tient à l’encadrement des droits fiscaux nationaux par le droit de l’Union européenne, se déroule selon un processus paradoxal consistant non pas en un transfert de compétences, mais en une disparition des compétences. Aussi les autorités européennes peuvent-elles revendiquer la possibilité de consentir un impôt européen dont les modalités restent à définir. Ultimement, la question du passage du consentement européen à cet impôt au consentement européen de cet impôt devra bien entendu être posée.
L’impôt au Cameroun : entre territorialité, extra-territorialité et re-territorialité
Authors: Abeng Messi François
Published: February 2025

Au Cameroun, l’impôt oscille entre deux fondements contradictoires : la territorialité et la déterritorialité. Si le premier est stabilisant, le second en revanche est mouvant, voire glissant. En effet, sous l’effet de la mondialisation, de la communication, voire de la décentralisation, la base imposable échappe de plus en plus à l’État détenteur de la souveraineté fiscale. C’est la raison pour laquelle qu’il est souhaité de changer de paradigme pour une reterritorialisation.
L’esprit de corps. Sur les ressorts imaginaires et affectifs du politique
Authors: Hervet Céline , Lantoine Jacques-Louis
Published: February 2025

Ce dossier met au jour certains des enjeux philosophiques de la notion d’esprit de corps en adoptant successivement trois angles : celui de l’ambivalence d’un concept en apparence insaisissable, fantasmatique, voire magique, mais qui produit des effets d’identification et d’unification politiques puissants, celui d’une recontextualisation et d’une critique de la métaphore organiciste du « corps politique » où s’éprouve la teneur même du régime et de la société démocratiques, et enfin celui d’un retour à l’âge classique où sont mis au jour les ressorts affectifs et imaginatifs des liens sociaux, qu’il s’agisse des rapports de subordination ou des rapports de solidarité qui lient les membres d’un même groupe et assurent la cohésion de l’ordre social et politique.
Une loyauté précaire. L’esprit de corps chez Bourdieu et Spinoza
Authors: Lantoine Jacques-Louis
Published: February 2025

Aborder l’esprit de corps à l’aune des œuvres de Bourdieu et de Spinoza permet de rendre compte du phénomène de la loyauté à partir de dispositions sociales (l’habitus) et affectives. Certes, en cette matière, la référence bourdieusienne à Pascal est la plus significative et la plus assumée. Les allusions à Spinoza, fréquentes, ne sont le plus souvent que des emprunts stratégiques ou de circonstance. Pour autant, un détour par une analyse spinoziste des raisons affectives – ce qui ne veut pas dire psychologiques – de l’esprit de corps permet non plus seulement de mettre en évidence ce que la loyauté doit aux passions, mais aussi de révéler la précarité de cette loyauté, pour cette raison même. Un tel détour conduit à lire autrement et à nouveaux frais les analyses de Bourdieu, notamment dans La noblesse d’État. Loin d’être le penseur de la pure reproduction du même, celui-ci se révèle attentif à la menace de délitement à laquelle sont confrontés les corps sociaux et les institutions.
Intériorité et « sujet » dans les Méditations métaphysiques
Authors: Pierrès Raphaël
Published: February 2025

En dépit d’un usage bien établi, cet article affronte la question de savoir s’il est légitime de désigner l’ego cartésien comme « sujet ». En effet, le terme de « sujet » ne s’applique pas à l’ego dans les Méditations métaphysiques. Il semble que toutes les conséquences de ce point, qui ne se limite pas à une question terminologique, n’ont pas été tirées. En effet, dans les réponses aux objections formulées par Hobbes, Descartes refuse la reformulation qui passe d’« une chose qui pense » au « sujet de l’esprit ». Appliqué à l’ego, le concept de sujet rend illisible l’interrogation cartésienne. Nous proposons ici de la concevoir dans les termes du problème de l’intériorité. Son enjeu est d’interroger l’articulation entre intériorité métaphysique et intériorité physique, pouvoir intérieur et disposition intérieure.
Une stratégie formelle implicite : classer les sultans dans les Adilla d’Ibn Šammāʿ (scr. 861/1457)
Authors: Garnier Sébastien
Published: February 2025

Nous avons mis au jour une stratégie formelle complexe forgée par l’auteur des Adilla – chronique dynastique de la Restauration hafside (période de renouveau amorcée en 772/1370 et courant sur la première moitié du ixe/xve siècle) en Ifrīqiya – qui classe les souverains mentionnés. Elle se déploie à travers trois pratiques textuelles complémentaires. La première relève de la codicologie et de l’emploi du procédé de rubrication. La deuxième recourt à l’agencement des contenus. La troisième use d’un certain nombre de formules convenues, vidées de toute pertinence événementielle.
صورة السلطان الظاهر بيبرس من خلال كتاب الروض الزاهر في سيرة الملك الظاهر لمحي الدين بن عبد الظاهر
Authors: الجويني نجاة
Published: February 2025

تعدّ السيرة التي أفردها محي الدين بن عبد الظاهر (٦٩٢هـ/١٢٩٢م) للملك الظاهر بيبرس (ت٦٧٦ هـ/١٢٧٧م) من أهمّ مصادر الفترة المملوكية. فإضافة لكون المؤلّف عاصر السلطان ورافقه في حملاته وراقبه وسمع منه، فقد جاء كتاب الروض الزاهر في سيرة الملك الظاهر على هيئة صورة شاملة للحقبة التي كُتبت فيها فأخبر في آنٍ معًا عن السياق السياسي والعسكري الذي عاش فيه ابن عبد الظاهر وعن علاقة المؤرّخ بالسلطة السياسية وبصورة أعمّ عن مهنة كاتب الإنشاء التي مارسها زمنًا طويلًا. تنقسم هذه المقالة إلى قسمين يُعنى الأوّل منهما بدراسة موقع الكاتب من صورة السلطان التي يرسمها وذلك عبر تحليل منهجه في بناء السيرة أوّلًا ثم عبر استعراض الأدوات اللغوية والبلاغية الأسلوبية التي وظّفها. أمّا القسم الثاني فقد كُرِّس لسبر علاقة السلطان بالسلطة السياسية كما تظهر هذه العلاقة في كتاب الروض الزاهر، وذلك من خلال سؤال شرعية وصوله إلى الحكم ثم سياسته في إدارة شؤون السلطنة داخليًّا وخارجيًّا.
A Scoping Review on Exploring Job Search Strategies for Unemployed Youth
Authors: Obi Joy Nneamaka , Ojo Emmanuel
Published: February 2025

This scoping review examines job search strategies of unemployed youth in sub-Saharan Africa's agro sector, highlighting its importance in addressing regional youth unemployment. Strategies include networking, leveraging career services, internships, and skill acquisition. The review identifies obstacles such as limited market-relevant skills, inadequate support services, and a mismatch between youth aspirations and available opportunities. Findings suggest a multifaceted approach is needed, emphasizing skill enhancement, resource access, and entrepreneurship support. The study offers insights for policymakers and stakeholders to connect unemployed youth with job opportunities, promoting agricultural development and economic progress in sub-Saharan Africa.
Career Coaching as a Catalyst for Youth Development
Authors: Tokolyová Tatiana , Klepáčová Helena
Published: February 2025

The chapter focuses on exploring the potential of career coaching for young people as a supportive method for (a) determining a future career path after graduation (b) as a method with the potential to directly develop youth civic skills. Based on desk research and coaching experience, the authors processed an extensive database (600 respondents) of their own data identifying the attitudes, needs and problems of young people in these areas. The research sample consisted of high schools and universities students during 2018-2024, of which 200 in the so-called post-covid period (2022-2024). The result of the research is the presentation of the design of career coaching aimed at young people in the form of a presented casuistry of a model case. The secondary result is the identification of the link between career coaching and the development of citizenship skills. The chapter thus identifies links through the mapping of values in the creation and change of young people's careers from a wider - societal, civic point of view.
Career Guidance Provision in Secondary Schools
Authors: Sikhwari Tshimangadzo Daniel , Ndebele Clever , Legg-Jack Dagogo William
Published: February 2025

Research has shown that the majority of young people leave school with little knowledge of appropriate careers suitable for their abilities and interests thereby leading to low job satisfaction, and unfulfilled potential among others. Therefore, the objectives of this paper were to investigate learners' abilities with regard to career planning, attaining career information and decision-making. The study employed a quantitative cross-sectional survey design. A self-constructed questionnaire was used to collect data. Data were analysed through the Statistical Package for Social Sciences and presented in frequency tables. Therefore, through the application of the Social Cognitive Career Theory (SCCT), the results indicate that the majority of learners agreed to possessing adequate knowledge about career planning, career decision-making and tertiary institutions. Contrary to popular belief that adolescents are highly influenced by their peers, friends were noted to be the least influential figures in the learners' career decision-making.
Exploration of Career Coaching Programmes for Employability Skills Acquisition
Authors: Otu Mkpoikanke S.
Published: February 2025

This study explores career coaching programmes in Nigerian universities and their effectiveness in developing employability skills. Through qualitative analysis of interviews with 10 career counsellors, the research identifies available programmes, including guidance and counselling, workshops, mentorship, and institutional support services. The study reveals that these programmes contribute to skill development, particularly in soft skills, technical abilities, and practical experience. However, challenges such as limited awareness and resource constraints hinder their full potential. Career counsellors perceive positive outcomes in areas like self-awareness, communication skills, adaptability, and job search strategies. The research suggests improvements including personalized coaching approaches, integrated skill development modules, continuous feedback mechanisms, enhanced support systems, and leveraging technology. It also highlights the need for industry collaboration and a holistic development focus. While the study demonstrates the positive impact of career coaching on employability skills acquisition, it notes mixed results regarding long-term effectiveness. The findings emphasize the importance of addressing identified challenges and implementing suggested improvements to better equip students for the evolving job market.
Strategies for Developing Afrocentric Career Coaching Programmes for Neurodiverse College Students
Authors: Otu Mkpoikanke Sunday , Sefotho Maximus Monaheng
Published: February 2025

The objective of this study was to find out the strategies that would be effective for developing Afrocentric career coaching programmes for neurodiverse college students. As part of the qualitative research design, semi-structured interviews and focus group discussions were conducted. The participants of this study were six Counselling Psychology lecturers and six Special Needs Education lecturers who specialize in career coaching and development, located in Nigerian universities. The were selected using purposive sampling. To ensure validity and reliability, a semi-structured interview guide was developed and pilot-tested with a subset of participants. The guide included open-ended questions to explore participants' experiences, insights, and recommendations for developing Afrocentric career coaching programmes for neurodiverse college students. The data collection procedure consisted of structured individual interview sessions with each participating lecturer. In addition to the individual interviews, focus group discussions were conducted with a group of eight participants. These discussions provided an opportunity for participants to share their experiences and ideas collectively. The interviews and focus group discussions were also audio-recorded and transcribed verbatim for analysis. Thematic analysis was utilized to analyze the collected data. The transcripts were read and reread to identify recurring themes, patterns, and insights related to the development of Afrocentric career coaching programmes for neurodiverse college students. The findings of this study indicate that there are several strategies that can be considered when designing Afrocentric career coaching programmes for neurodiverse college students. These strategies include cultural sensitivity, representation, individualized approach, collaborative partnerships, skills development, and career exploration. The findings suggest that incorporating Afrocentric values and perspectives into career coaching can greatly enhance the effectiveness and inclusivity of such programmes. The findings of this study provide useful insights into the development of effective Afrocentric career coaching programmes for neurodiverse college students. The major contribution of this study is the development of Afrocentric framework for career coaching.
Digital Twin
Authors: Chugh Mitali , Vyas Sonali
Published: February 2025

The Digital Twin is an emerging technology in which digital imitations of people, tools, processes, and systems are created that businesses use.In healthcare systems, digital twins are used for constructing digital illustrations of healthcare data, such as human physiology, lab results, and hospital facilities employing digital modeling. With the advancement in technology such as AI, ML, cloud computing, virtual reality, etc., and real-time data feeds, digital twins could dramatically shift how we make a diagnosis and treat patients and support realigning incentives for health improvement. By relating digital twins to healthcare, a novel way will emerge to provide more accurate and fast services for elderly healthcare. This chapter presents insights into the application areas of the digital twin in elderly healthcare, such as surgical intelligence, biosimulation, electronic health records, predictive analytics, visualization, challenges, and open research issues in elderly healthcare.
Augmented Reality and Virtual Reality in Health Advancements and Medical Education
Authors: Singh Bhupinder , Chandra Saurabh
Published: February 2025

AR is fostering a revolution in medical education by offering an interactive, immersive experience. It enhances comprehension and knowledge retention by enabling the exploration of 3D anatomical models and medical scenarios in a virtual environment. The fusion of AR and VR technology is the most intriguing development and this synergy in telemedicine enables doctors to communicate with patients over distances while having access to crucial patient information and virtual surroundings. Clinical practice and medical education which make up the core of our modern healthcare system have long been ripe for innovation. This chapter presents a thorough and insightful examination of how AR and VR are being used in clinical practice and medical education to modernize healthcare. It also highlight how AR and VR are influencing patient care and engagement, demonstrating how new technologies are promoting a more patient-centered approach to healthcare.
A Cloud Computing Framework for Optimizing Performance in E-Commerce Operations in Zimbabwe
Authors: Dumbu Diana , Mutongi Chipo , Tsokota Theo
Published: February 2025

This chapter explores the implementation of a cloud computing framework to optimize performance in e-commerce operations in Zimbabwe. The rapid growth of e-commerce in the country has created a need for scalable, reliable, and efficient solutions to meet the demands of online shoppers. By leveraging cloud infrastructure, content delivery networks, auto-scaling capabilities, data analytics tools, security measures, and mobile optimization, e-commerce businesses can enhance user experience, improve website performance, and drive growth in their online operations. The study holds potential for various stakeholders, including e-commerce businesses in Zimbabwe, policymakers, and technology providers. Acknowledging that only a few businesses have implemented cloud technologies, the chapter reveals a substantial resource gap in technical, financial, and infrastructure requirements, hindering widespread cloud adoption. Additionally, security concerns and a lack of awareness contribute to the low adoption rate. The study makes use of existing literature.
Green Marketing and Branding
Authors: Dogra Mahima , Grover Veena
Published: February 2025

In the contemporary business world, environmental awareness and growing concern over sustainability have intensified. The concept of green marketing and branding has come to the rescue as the essential facets that is emerging as a strong force in aiming to shape consumer preferences and values as well as corporate strategies. The chapter explores the intricate in-depth principles, sustainable practices, strategies, and identifying how business can leverage environmental conservation in order to improve brand value and create environmentally responsible brand management and attain competitive advantage. The chapter commences with the introduction of green marketing and branding, tracing its roots from early stage of environmental activism to its present status as a dominant marketing strategy detailing the significant benefits of embracing such strategies.
Impact of Corporate Governance Policies on Voluntary Corporate Disclosure of Listed Companies in India
Authors: Chandra Saurabh , Muchan Bhumika
Published: February 2025

Significant corporate governance mechanisms positively influence voluntary corporate disclosure practices among listed companies in India. The level of voluntary corporate disclosure in annual reports of Indian companies is determined by factors such as board size, board independence, board diversity, ownership concentration, and the presence of key committees (audit, nomination, and remuneration committees).Compliance with corporate governance regulations and requirements significantly impacts voluntary corporate disclosure practices in India. This research focuses on the interaction between corporate governance and voluntary disclosure in the workplace. In fact, determining the factors that determine corporate governance and the amount of disclosure, and knowing the process of corporate governance is essential. The primary goal of this article is to learn how governance systems, both internal and external, affect the data published in annual reports. The question of whether managers reveal more or less will also be addressed.
Strategic Planning in an Era of Corporate Crisis by Using Green Management and Technology Adoption
Authors: Mehnaz  , Jin Jiahua , Marcel Tannek
Published: February 2025

The competitive business world that we have today is characterized by a high range of unpredictability and uncertainty that dramatically impacts business models, consumer trends, and competitive tactics. The industries are frequently stressed and forced into damaging conditions like industry calamities (like COVID-19), and industry stock-market imbalances causing market crises. It is usually understood that such economic disruptions show that organizations must be convenient to flourish in industry calamities. Digital technologies are important first movers in future economic environments. It is mainly difficult when digital business approaches are explored to directly sort out business crises like the declaration and application of technological choices in industry calamities.
Crop Health Monitoring Through AI-Based Crop Leaf Disease Detection Systems
Authors: Bhuyan Parag , Singh Pranav Kumar , Das Sujit Kumar
Published: February 2025

Agriculture, a fundamental pillar of human civilization, serves as a source of sustenance and forms the backbone of each nation's economy and related sectors. The production of crops and plant leaves is highly susceptible to various diseases, making early detection and prevention critical for ensuring a stable food supply for the world's growing population, projected to exceed nine billion by 2050. However, manual inspection proves to be both time-consuming and error-prone, highlighting the necessity for automated procedures. In this era of data abundance, utilizing Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning, Computer Vision, and Deep Learning is crucial in designing automatic plant leaf disease identification systems. This chapter will explore the integration of artificial intelligence (AI) in crop health monitoring. The chapter covers the theoretical underpinnings, practical implementations, and prospects of AI-based disease detection systems, making it an essential read for researchers, practitioners, and students in agriculture and AI.
Prediction of Sugarcane Diseases With Self-Designed Dataset of Assam using Deep Learning Techniques
Authors: Agarwala Ankita Goyal , Rahman Mirzanur
Published: February 2025

Sugarcane is one of the major cash-crop of the country. However, its production has fallen down drastically since last few years owing to a lot of factors. One such factor is the prevalence of various types of diseases in sugarcane plants. This chapter explores the usage of deep learning techniques for predicting diseases in sugarcane crops from the state of Assam, India. Leveraging our own image data from different field observations, this work tries to develop an efficient model for early disease detection, potentially reducing crop loss and improving yield. The chapter will discuss the importance of various deep learning models, their implementation, and their comparison while predicting the diseases of Assam.
Green Internet of Things Advancing Sustainable Technology With Smart Agriculture in India
Authors: Kapil Divya , Ghai Anupriya Sharma , Mehra Nidhi , Gupta Atika
Published: February 2025

The Green Internet of Things integrates environmental sustainability into IoT, focusing on minimizing ecological footprints through energy-efficient designs, renewable energy, and eco-friendly materials. As IoT revolutionizes sectors by interconnecting devices for real-time data exchange, GIoT emphasizes sustainability. This paper explores GIoT architecture, shows perception, network, processing, and application layers, technologies like energy harvesting, low-power wide-area networks (LPWAN), advanced analytics, machine learning, and blockchain. Applications in smart agriculture, cities, healthcare, and environmental monitoring focus GIoT's potential, with a detailed case study on smart agriculture showing enhanced sustainability in farming. Challenges include energy consumption, environmental impacts of device production and disposal, data privacy, security, and interoperability. The conclusion stresses future work on low-power devices, advanced energy harvesting, efficient data protocols, and standardization to fully realize GIoT's potential for a sustainable technological future.
Innovations in Autonomous Drones for Precision Agriculture
Authors: Ranjan Chikesh , Kumar Kaushik
Published: February 2025

As the demand for sustainable and efficient farming practices grows, autonomous drones have emerged as vital tools for enhancing agricultural productivity and resource management. The chapter begins by outlining the fundamental principles of autonomous drone operation in agricultural settings, highlighting advancements in sensor technology, machine learning, and real-time data processing. It then explores various cutting-edge techniques, including multispectral imaging, 3D mapping, and AI-driven analytics, that enable precise monitoring of crop health, soil conditions, and pest infestations. Practical applications of these techniques shows how autonomous drones have been successfully deployed for tasks such as crop scouting, variable rate application, and yield estimation. By providing a comprehensive overview of the latest technological advancements and their real-world applications, this chapter serves as a valuable resource for researchers, agronomists, and practitioners aiming to leverage autonomous drones to optimize agricultural practices.
IoT and Deep Learning-Based Smart Farm Environment Optimization and Yield Prediction Platform
Authors: Ahmed Mohammed Moyed
Published: February 2025

This chapter examines the development and evaluation of an advanced smart farm platform integrating IoT technology with deep learning algorithms. The author details three core modules: The Agricultural Environment Optimization Module (Module I), the Crop Image Analysis Module (Module II), and the Yield Calculation Module (Module III). Module I optimizes farm environmental factors using a neural network model, outperforming traditional algorithms with 88.90% average accuracy. Module II employs Convolutional Neural Networks for crop disease detection, achieving 99.6% accuracy. Module III uses an Artificial Neural Network for yield prediction, reaching 97.8332% accuracy with ReLU activation. Results demonstrates the platform's superior performance in controlled environments. The author discusses its potential to revolutionize farm management through a holistic approach combining environmental optimization, disease detection, and yield prediction. Limitations and future research directions, including the need for field trials and development of explainable AI techniques for agriculture.
A New Client Experience Area in Banking Evolving From Physical to Digital
Authors: Bölükbaşı Yunus
Published: February 2025

The concept of phygital refers to the integration of physical and digital media in our current digital era. This approach is relevant across various sectors, including marketing, education, communication, and banking. It involves delivering various services and products to consumers through both physical channels and digital technologies. Phygital applications enable firms to stand out in value delivery through multi-channel structures in an increasingly digital world. Today's banking is shifting from a model characterized by numerous branches to one where the number of branches is reduced, and the use of digital channels is emphasized. Innovations such as digital payment solutions and electronic money applications from technology companies are fundamentally changing the digitalization process within the banking sector. The journey that began with internet banking in Türkiye 30 years ago has now deepened through new areas such as the metaverse and artificial intelligence. With the amendments made to Turkish Banking Legislation in 2021, the requirement for wet signatures in individual customer transactions was eliminated, allowing customer acquisition through digital security processes. Additionally, regulations introduced in 2022 paved the way for the establishment of fully digital banks. However, existing regulations still require digital banks to maintain physical offices, indicating that in an environment where digitalization in banking is rapidly advancing, the complete abandonment of physical channels does not seem realistic. In light of this context, this study aims to develop the concept of “Phygital Banking” for the Turkish Banking sector. As the rules of the competition are being redefined, with intellectual assets and intellectual capital taking precedence over physical ones, this research examines the opportunities presented by phygital applications in the Turkish Banking industry. The study aims to analyze existing phygital tools and provide recommendations for new application areas.
Exploring Social Inequalities and Social Entrepreneurship Opportunities
Authors: Terziev Venelin , Lyubcheva Marusya , Andreeva Olga Valentinovna , Georgiev Marin , Simeonov Simeon , Dimitrov Milen
Published: February 2025

We live in dynamic times, with increasing social problems. Social entrepreneurship is a mechanism that could successfully solve some of the problems accompanying society. Perspectives and opinions on social entrepreneurship are sometimes opposed. A set of factors and different understandings make them so – some are positive, others extremely negative. The topic of the emergence, development, and various substantive features of social entrepreneurship is considered to gain an adequate idea of the essential characteristics of this “phenomenon”. The ambition is to create a clear perspective to point out directions in which involvement in social entrepreneurial initiatives will be effective and efficient. The interweaving of economic theories in socially entrepreneurial and purely entrepreneurial initiatives is inevitable. There are differences between “business entrepreneurship” and “social entrepreneurship” and they are in a substantive aspect, but mostly in a result-oriented direction. Entrepreneurship is defined as the process by which motivated individuals recognize and exploit business opportunities regardless of the resources available to them. Social entrepreneurship is a form of entrepreneurial activity that has an orientation towards social problems. Ambiguities still exist regarding the definition of social entrepreneurship, which is why it is considered easier to describe than to define.
The Absorption of Environmentalism in the Modes for Business Transformation
Authors: Yoneva Elizabeth Dimitrova
Published: February 2025

The chapter explores the principal dimensions of the integration of environmental directions in business strategy and culture in order to evaluate their repercussions for specific shifts in the economic realm. Especially interesting are the motivational factors for the absorption of environmentalism in the modes for business transformation, so delving into the multiple benefits of being a purpose-driven company is a crucial task of the analysis. The research showcases the main vectors in the development of the theoretical fundament of the environmental trajectories regarding the pursuit of business transformation. The author discusses explicit aspects of the evolving role of businesses as part of society from the perspective of the advancements in the last years, outlining the conceptual frame of the efforts to solidify the distinction between shareholders and stakeholders, beneficial to the conversion of the companies into prominent factors, empowered to induce large-scale change through value-driven approaches.
Monthly fraction of canopy cover of Canada from medium-resolution satellite imagery
Authors: Fernandes R. A. , Sun L.
Published: February 2025

La fraction de couverture végétale (FCOVER) correspond à la portion de la surface terrestre recouverte par la végétation, y compris le sous-bois, lorsqu'on l'observe verticalement (du nadir). FCOVER est un indicateur de l'étendue spatiale de la végétation, indépendamment de la classe de couverture terrestre. C'est une quantité sans dimension variant de 0 à 1, et en tant que propriété intrinsèque de la canopée, elle n'est pas dépendante des conditions d'observation satellitaire. Ce produit comprend une couverture à l'échelle nationale (Canada) de cartes mensuelles de l'indicateur FCOVER pendant une saison de croissance (mai-juin-juillet-août-septembre) à une résolution de 20 mètres.
Neurotoxicity of Calcineurin Inhibitors
Authors: Bajon Aleksander , Sikora Jędrzej , Siwek Michal , Wiecanowska Julia , Miedziaszczyk Miłosz , Idasiak-Piechocka Ilona , Mania Anna
Published: February 2025

Cyclosporine and tacrolimus belong to the immunosuppressive drugs of the calcineurin inhibitors group. They are widely used in the treatment of patients after organ transplants. One of their complications is neurotoxicity, the mechanism of which is still not fully understood. The main risk factor for neurotoxicity is hypertension. The most common symptoms include muscle tremors, which are more common in the upper limbs, as well as migraine headaches and peripheral neuropathies. The diagnosis of neurotoxicity is based on imaging tests (magnetic resonance imaging being the most commonly used) and assessment of clinical symptoms. Preventive measures should be initiated as soon as possible to prevent permanent damage to the nerve tissue. The possible preventive methods include reduction of the dose of the administered drug, temporary or complete discontinuation of drugs, or conversion to another immunosuppressive drug. It is also essential to monitor the patient’s condition, correct hypertension, electrolyte disturbances, and fight possible infections. So far, effective methods of preventing calcineurin inhibitor-induced neurotoxicity have not been demonstrated.
A Unique Case of Giant Aneurysm of Sinus of Valsalva
Authors: Tiwari Varun , Pattnaik Sidharth Sritam , Nanjappa Veena , Limaye Amruta
Published: February 2025

Sinus of Valsalva aneurysms (SOVA) arises most commonly from the right coronary sinus of the aorta. It causes aortic sinus dilatation above the annulus and occurs due to the weakness of the elastic lamina. In our case, a 63-year-old man came with complaints of insidious-onset and progressive exertional dyspnea and fatigue for the last 6 months. He was in NYHA functional class III. On examination, right-sided heart failure signs were noted. He was treated with antifailure medications and stabilized. Two-dimensional echocardiogram and cardiac computed tomography were done and a diagnosis was made.
Exploring Anatomical Variations and Potential Associations between the Upper Urinary Tract and Renal Vasculature: Findings from 160-Slice CT Imaging in Northern Nigeria
Authors: Umar Ahmad Bashir , Isyaku Kabiru , Aji Sani A. , Ismail Anas
Published: February 2025

Introduction:

As anatomical variations relate to the urinary system, knowledge on them is valuable, especially in the proper evaluation and conduction of surgical as well as interventional procedures of the urinary tract. The study aimed to determine the prevalence and possible association between anatomical variations of the upper urinary tract and renal vasculature.

Materials and Methods:

A total of 200 computed tomograms were generated with Toshiba Aquilion Prime 160-slice scanner and analysed for the presence of potential anatomical variations using a Vitrea multi-modality work station capable of image post-processing by two expert radiologists.

Results:

Anatomical variations of the upper urinary tract were commoner on the right with a prevalence of 33.5% and 29.0% on the right and left, respectively, while for the renal vasculature, the variations are commoner on the left at 27.0% and 28.5%, respectively. The most common anatomical variation of the upper urinary tract found on the right was extra-renal bifid pelvis at 25 (12.5%), while on the left, it was baggy extra-renal pelvis at 27 (13.5%). Early branching hilar renal artery and accessory superior polar renal artery, both at 19 (9.5%), were the most common renal vasculature variations on the right and left, respectively. There was a statistically significant association between anatomical variations of the upper urinary tract and renal vasculature with a P < 0.001.

Conclusion:

This study proposed that anatomical variations of the upper urinary tract are commoner on the right side, while for the renal vasculature, they are commoner on the left. There was a statistically significant association between the anatomical variations of the upper urinary tract and that of the renal vasculature, indicating an increasing likelihood of one occurring if the other is present.
Doppler Ultrasound Evaluation of Lower Extremity Deep Vein Thrombosis in Trauma Patient in Lagos, Nigeria
Authors: Adebayo Omotooke Lara , Adeyomoye Adekunle Ayokunle , Omidiji Olubukola Abeni , Akinmokun Olasode Israel , Idowu Bukunmi Micheal , Owoeye Itunu Opeyemi
Published: February 2025

Deep venous thrombosis (DVT) is a public health emergency worldwide and a major contributor to the global disease burden. It is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality amongst bedridden patients, especially those with lower extremity fractures. Early detection of DVT is crucial for the survival of the patient. This study aimed to assess the triplex sonographic features of lower extremity deep venous thrombosis (LEDVT) and identify risk factor(s) that are associated with its development in hospitalized orthopaedic patients. This was a descriptive cross-sectional study of a total of 80 participants: 40 hospitalized adult orthopaedic patients with pelvic and lower extremity fractures (PELEF) and 40 hospitalized adult orthopaedic trauma patients without PELEF (non-PELEF). Ethical approval was obtained from the institutional ethics committee and consented to by all the participants before inclusion. The risk factors for DVT were assessed using a risk assessment questionnaire. Wells score, D-dimer assay, and triplex Doppler ultrasound scanning of both lower limb veins were performed on the participants. Doppler ultrasound scan detected DVT in seven (8.8%) participants. D-dimer test was both positive in 21 (52.5%) and negative in 19 (47.5%) participants. Sonographic DVT findings correlated with Wells scores in those with LEDVT amongst cases. The highest occurring risk factors for DVT were being recently bedridden (92.5%) and major trauma (87.5%) which were observed in 70.0% of participants with LEDVT and 67.5% without LEDVT. LEDVT occurred more in the PELEF case group compared to the non-PELEF controls. Major trauma, recent immobilization, and collateral superficial veins were the major risk factors for DVT in this study.
An in vitro Evaluation of Periodontal Ligament Cell Viability in Honey as a Transport Medium for an Avulsed Tooth
Authors: Williams Adeola T. , Denloye Obafunke O. , Popoola Bamidele O. , Akinleye Toluwanimi E. , Adeniji Johnson A. , Adewumi Olubusuyi M. , Akinyamoju Clara A.
Published: February 2025

Background

Dental avulsion is the most severe form of injury to a tooth, and its prognosis is majorly affected by the type of the storage medium prior to re-implantation. Honey is a readily available household substance with anti-inflammatory properties. However, there is paucity of data regarding its use as a transport medium for avulsed teeth. Therefore, this study aims to evaluate the viability of periodontal Ligament (PDL) cells stored in honey and other recommended transport media.

Materials and Methods

An in vitro study involving the culture of PDL cells, harvested from premolars freshly extracted for orthodontic reasons. The cells were exposed to Dulbecco’s Minimum Essential Medium (DMEM), honey, and Hanks Balanced Salt Solution (HBSS) at room temperature, and their viability was tested with the tetrazolium salt-based colorimetric (MTT) assay after 30 min, 2 h, and 24 h. The Optical Density (OD) of the cells were assessed with a spectrophotometer. The Mean Optical Density (MOD) of the cells stored in DMEM was compared with those of cells in other media at each interval with the independent t-test at P < 0.05

Results

The MOD of cells stored in DMEM, honey, and HBSS over the 24-h period ranged between 0.32 ± 0.04 −0.31 ± 0.05; 0.30 ± 0.07−0.28 ± 0.07, and 0.23 ± 0.0−0.21 ± 0.01, respectively. The mean difference between the OD of cells stored in honey and those in DMEM at the end of the study period was 0.03 (t = 1.37; P = 0.18).

Conclusion

There was no difference in the viability of PDL cells stored in honey and DMEM over the study period.