bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cell spinpods are a simple inexpensive suspension culture device to deliver fluid shear stress to renal proximal tubular cells
Authors: Hammond Timothy G. , Nislow Corey , Christov Ivan C. , Batuman Vecihi , Nagrani Pranay P. , Barazandeh Marjan , Upadhyay Rohit , Giaever Guri , Allen Patricia L. , Armbruster Michael , Raymond Allen , Birdsall Holly H.
Published: October 2021

Rotating forms of suspension culture allow cells to aggregate into spheroids, prevent the de-differentiating influence of 2D culture, and, perhaps most importantly of all, provide physiologically relevant, in vivo levels of shear stress. Rotating suspension culture technology has not been widely implemented, in large part because the vessels are prohibitively expensive, labor-intensive to use, and are difficult to scale for industrial applications. Our solution addresses each of these challenges in a new vessel called a cell spinpod. These small 3.5 mL capacity vessels are constructed from injection-molded thermoplastic polymer components. They contain self-sealing axial silicone rubber ports, and fluoropolymer, breathable membranes. Here we report the two-fluid modeling of the flow and stresses in cell spinpods. Cell spinpods were used to demonstrate the effect of fluid shear stress on renal cell gene expression and cellular functions, particularly membrane and xenobiotic transporters, mitochondrial function, and myeloma light chain, cisplatin and doxorubicin, toxicity. During exposure to myeloma immunoglobulin light chains, rotation increased release of clinically validated nephrotoxicity cytokine markers in a toxin-specific pattern. Addition of cisplatin or doxorubicin nephrotoxins reversed the enhanced glucose and albumin uptake induced by fluid shear stress in rotating cell spinpod cultures. Cell spinpods are a simple, inexpensive, easily automated culture device that enhances cellular functions for in vitro studies of nephrotoxicity.
The interaction between daylight and fifteenth and sixteenth century glass windows from the Low Countries
Authors: Meulebroeck Wendy , Nys Karin , Patin Mathilde , Thienpont Hugo
Published: October 2021

The positive impact of daylight on various forms of life is well understood. The daylight conditions a person experiences inside a building strongly depend on the character of the glazing. Contemporary windows maximize the transmission of visible daylight. In post-medieval times glassmakers were confronted with less pure materials. Driven by the Reformation and Counter-Reformation they were at the same time challenged by the demand for increased daylight. Luckily, technological evolutions allowed the production of thinner windows. It is currently an open question if glassmakers in the (Southern) Low Countries during the booming economic period from the fifteenth to seventeenth century made use of the interplay between material and fabrication properties to bring light into the darkness. Therefore, this paper links the impact of glass purity and production technique to light transmission for a well-diagnosed group of excavated glass window pieces from the castle of Middelburg-in-Flanders and a set of roundels, all dating back to between the fifteenth and seventeenth centuries and explores what factors have influenced this technological improvement. A non-destructive approach making use of UV–vis–NIR absorption spectroscopy unveiled that the more recent material is less pure compared to the older dated material but that light transmission was maximized due to the applied production technique.
Shaping modern human skull through epigenetic, transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulation of the RUNX2 master bone gene
Authors: Di Pietro Lorena , Barba Marta , Palacios Daniela , Tiberio Federica , Prampolini Chiara , Baranzini Mirko , Parolini Ornella , Arcovito Alessandro , Lattanzi Wanda
Published: October 2021

RUNX2 encodes the master bone transcription factor driving skeletal development in vertebrates, and playing a specific role in craniofacial and skull morphogenesis. The anatomically modern human (AMH) features sequence changes in the RUNX2 locus compared with archaic hominins’ species. We aimed to understand how these changes may have contributed to human skull globularization occurred in recent evolution. We compared in silico AMH and archaic hominins’ genomes, and used mesenchymal stromal cells isolated from skull sutures of craniosynostosis patients for in vitro functional assays. We detected 459 and 470 nucleotide changes in noncoding regions of the AMH RUNX2 locus, compared with the Neandertal and Denisovan genomes, respectively. Three nucleotide changes in the proximal promoter were predicted to alter the binding of the zinc finger protein Znf263 and long-distance interactions with other cis-regulatory regions. By surface plasmon resonance, we selected nucleotide substitutions in the 3’UTRs able to affect miRNA binding affinity. Specifically, miR-3150a-3p and miR-6785-5p expression inversely correlated with RUNX2 expression during in vitro osteogenic differentiation. The expression of two long non-coding RNAs, AL096865.1 and RUNX2-AS1, within the same locus, was modulated during in vitro osteogenic differentiation and correlated with the expression of specific RUNX2 isoforms. Our data suggest that RUNX2 may have undergone adaptive phenotypic evolution caused by epigenetic and post-transcriptional regulatory mechanisms, which may explain the delayed suture fusion leading to the present-day globular skull shape.
Foetal growth, birth transition, enteral nutrition and brain light scattering
Authors: Iwata Osuke , Iwata Sachiko , Kurata Tsuyoshi , Tsuda Kennosuke , Kawase Koya , Kinoshita Masahiro , Lin Yung-Chieh , Saikusa Mamoru , Araki Yuko , Takashima Sachio , Oda Motoki , Ohmae Etsuko , Saitoh Shiji
Published: October 2021

If the brain structure is assessed at neonatal intensive care units, covert clinical events related with subtle brain injury might be identified. The reduced scattering coefficient of near-infrared light (μS’) obtained using time-resolved near-infrared spectroscopy from the forehead of infants is associated with gestational age, body weight and Apgar scores, presumably reflecting subtle changes of the brain related to foetal growth and birth transition. One hundred twenty-eight preterm and term infants were studied to test whether μS’ obtained from the head at term-equivalent age is associated with foetal growth, birth transition and nutritional status after birth, which are key independent variables of developmental outcomes. As potential independent variables of μS’, birth weight, Apgar scores, age at full enteral feeding and post-conceptional age at the study were assessed to represent foetal growth, birth transition and nutritional status after birth. Subsequently, higher μS’ values were associated with higher Apgar scores (p = 0.003) and earlier establishment of enteral feeding (p < 0.001). The scattering property of near-infrared light within the neonatal brain might reflect changes associated with birth transition and nutritional status thereafter, which might be used as a non-invasive biomarker to identify covert independent variables of brain injury in preterm infants.
Investigation of the effects of pretreatment on the elemental composition of ash derived from selected Nigerian lignocellulosic biomass
Authors: Awoyale Adeolu A. , Lokhat David , Okete Patrick
Published: October 2021

Lignocellulosic biomass is an important source of renewable energy and a potential replacement for fossil fuels. In this work, the X-ray fluorescence (XRF) method was used to analyze the elemental composition of raw and pretreated lignocellulosic biomass of cassava peels, corn cobs, rice husks, sugarcane bagasse, yam peels, and mixtures of cassava peels and yam peels, corn cobs and rice husks and all five biomass samples combined. The influence of particle size on elemental properties was investigated by screening the selected biomass into two size fractions, of an average of 300 and 435 µm, respectively. The total concentration of Mg, Al, Si, P, S, Cl, Ca, Ti, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Cu, Zn, Sn, Ni, Br, Mo, Ba, Hg, and Pb were determined for each of the biomass samples before and after the different pretreatments adopted in this study. From the results of the analysis, there was a significant reduction in the concentration of calcium in all the analyzed biomass after the alkaline pretreatment with rice husks biomass having the lowest concentration of 66 ppm after the alkaline pretreatment. The sulfur content of the acid pretreated biomass increased considerably which is likely due to the sulfuric acid used for the acid pretreatment. The fact that a mixture of biomass feedstock affects the properties of the biomass after pretreatment was validated in the mixed biomass of cassava peels and yam peels biomass as an example. The concentration of Mg in the mixed biomass was 1441 ppm but was 200 ppm and 353 ppm in individual cassava peels and yam peels respectively. The results of this study demonstrated that pretreated mixtures of biomass have varied elemental compositions, which could be an important factor affecting downstream processes, especially if a hybrid feedstock is used in a large-scale application.
Lipidomic response of the entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana to pyrethroids
Authors: Litwin Anna , Bernat Przemysław , Nowak Monika , Słaba Mirosława , Różalska Sylwia
Published: October 2021

Pyrethroids are chemical insecticides that are widely used to control pests. Entomopathogenic fungi are considered environmentally safe alternatives to these compounds. Pyrethroids and entomopathogenic fungi not only co-exist in the environment but can also be applied together in pest control. They are often found in contact with each other, and thus, it seems important to understand their interactions at the cellular level. In this study, we analyzed whether pyrethroids could influence the phospholipid profile of Beauveria bassiana and whether membrane changes are one of the mechanisms by which these fungi adapt to unfavorable environmental conditions. The results of our study revealed that pyrethroids changed the phospholipid profile and increased the cell membrane permeability of B. bassiana, which enabled them to enter and accumulate within the fungal cells, resulting in oxidative stress. Pyrethroids influenced the amount of neutral lipids, caused a decrease in sodium content, and also temporarily lowered the level of the secondary metabolite oosporein in the studied fungi. These findings indicate that the effect of pyrethroids on entomopathogenic fungi may be more complex than originally thought and that lipidomic studies can aid in fully understanding the influence of these chemicals on the mentioned group of fungi.
High-pressure thermal conductivity and compressional velocity of NaCl in B1 and B2 phase
Authors: Hsieh Wen-Pin
Published: October 2021

Sodium chloride (NaCl) is an important, commonly used pressure medium and pressure calibrant in diamond-anvil cell (DAC) experiments. Its thermal conductivity at high pressure–temperature (P–T) conditions is a critical parameter to model heat conduction and temperature distribution within an NaCl-loaded DAC. Here we couple ultrafast optical pump-probe methods with the DAC to study thermal conductivity and compressional velocity of NaCl in B1 and B2 phase to 66 GPa at room temperature. Using an externally-heated DAC, we further show that thermal conductivity of NaCl-B1 phase follows a typical T−1 dependence. The high P–T thermal conductivity of NaCl enables us to confirm the validity of Leibfried-Schlömann equation, a commonly used model for the P–T dependence of thermal conductivity, over a large compression range (~ 35% volume compression in NaCl-B1 phase, followed by ~ 20% compression in the polymorphic B2 phase). The compressional velocities of NaCl-B1 and B2 phase both scale approximately linearly with density, indicating the applicability of Birch’s law to NaCl within the density range we study. Our findings offer critical insights into the dominant physical mechanism of phonon transport in NaCl, as well as important data that significantly enhance the accuracy of modeling the spatiotemporal evolution of temperature within an NaCl-loaded DAC.
Torque capacity of multidisc wet clutch with reference to friction occurrence on its spline connections
Authors: Bąk Marcin
Published: October 2021

In this article developed mathematical model that includes friction occurrence on spline connections is presented. The work also contains results of experimental research on torque capacity of multidisc wet clutch. These results are expressed as a function of contact pressure for different number of friction surfaces. Due to increased interest in research concerning multidisc wet clutches it is essential to determine impact of friction on fit connections on transmitted torque. Analytical calculations that include both known loss coefficient and assumed lack of friction on fit connections are compared to results of experiments. The paper contains detailed description of test stand and methodology of experiment. As a result of conducted tests it was found that correction coefficients known from literature are highly inaccurate. Measured values of torque indicate that transmitted torque reach significantly higher values. It was also revealed that after slippage appeared, the pressure plate usually moved in the direction of exerted clamping force, but movement in reversed direction also took place for some experiments. While movement corresponding to clamping force reached ca. 0.08 mm, in opposite direction amounted to 0.02 mm. Furthermore, studies presented that lapping of adjacent friction surfaces greatly affects differences between respective results obtained for a specific experiment.
Dysbiosis and structural disruption of the respiratory microbiota in COVID-19 patients with severe and fatal outcomes
Authors: Hernández-Terán Alejandra , Mejía-Nepomuceno Fidencio , Herrera María Teresa , Barreto Omar , García Emma , Castillejos Manuel , Boukadida Celia , Matias-Florentino Margarita , Rincón-Rubio Alma , Avila-Rios Santiago , Mújica-Sánchez Mario , Serna-Muñoz Ricardo , Becerril-Vargas Eduardo , Guadarrama-Pérez Cristobal , Ahumada-Topete Víctor Hugo , Rodríguez-Llamazares Sebastián , Martínez-Orozco José Arturo , Salas-Hernández Jorge , Pérez-Padilla Rogelio , Vázquez-Pérez Joel Armando
Published: October 2021

The COVID-19 outbreak has caused over three million deaths worldwide. Understanding the pathology of the disease and the factors that drive severe and fatal clinical outcomes is of special relevance. Studying the role of the respiratory microbiota in COVID-19 is especially important as the respiratory microbiota is known to interact with the host immune system, contributing to clinical outcomes in chronic and acute respiratory diseases. Here, we characterized the microbiota in the respiratory tract of patients with mild, severe, or fatal COVID-19, and compared it to healthy controls and patients with non-COVID-19-pneumonia. We comparatively studied the microbial composition, diversity, and microbiota structure between the study groups and correlated the results with clinical data. We found differences in the microbial composition for COVID-19 patients, healthy controls, and non-COVID-19 pneumonia controls. In particular, we detected a high number of potentially opportunistic pathogens associated with severe and fatal levels of the disease. Also, we found higher levels of dysbiosis in the respiratory microbiota of patients with COVID-19 compared to the healthy controls. In addition, we detected differences in diversity structure between the microbiota of patients with mild, severe, and fatal COVID-19, as well as the presence of specific bacteria that correlated with clinical variables associated with increased risk of mortality. In summary, our results demonstrate that increased dysbiosis of the respiratory tract microbiota in patients with COVID-19 along with a continuous loss of microbial complexity structure found in mild to fatal COVID-19 cases may potentially alter clinical outcomes in patients. Taken together, our findings identify the respiratory microbiota as a factor potentially associated with the severity of COVID-19.
Safety and efficacy of prophylactic tirofiban infusion for acute intracranial intraprocedural stent thrombosis
Authors: Sun Lili , Zhang Jinping , Song Yun , Zhao Wei , Zheng Meimei , Zhang Jun , Yin Hao , Wang Wei , Meng Yao , Han Ju
Published: October 2021

Periprocedural antithrombotic management with glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitors (GPI) for intracranial artery stenting is still controversial. We sought to assess the safety and efficacy of prophylactic tirofiban infusion for acute intracranial intraprocedural stent thrombosis in routine clinical practice. From January 2013 to December 2019, consecutive patients treated with endovascular stenting for symptomatic intracranial atherosclerotic stenosis (ICAS) were identified and dichotomized by whether tirofiban was used. The efficacy and safety outcomes were compared by propensity score matching. A total of 160 consecutive patients in the tirofiban group and 177 patients in the non-tirofiban group were enrolled. Propensity score matching analysis selected 236 matched patients. One acute intraprocedural stent thrombosis (AIST) occurred in patients receiving prophylactic tirofiban, while 8 in the non-tirofiban group. The incidence of AIST in the tirofiban group was significantly lower than that in the non-tirofiban group (0.8% vs 6.8%, P = 0.039). The periprocedural ischemic events (8.5% vs 5.1%, P = 0.424), periprocedural intracranial hemorrhage (4.2% vs 0.8%, P = 0.219) and 30-day total mortality (3.4% vs 0%, P = 0.125) were not statistically different between the two groups. Compared with conventional stenting angioplasty without tirofiban, tirofiban prophylactic infusion can lower the incidence of AIST, without increasing the risk of periprocedural intracranial hemorrhage and 30-day total mortality. However, there is no superiority in reducing periprocedural ischemic events. The current study adds more important insights to the available clinical evidence on the use of tirofiban during stenting of ICAS.
Design of functionalised circular tandem repeat proteins with longer repeat topologies and enhanced subunit contact surfaces
Authors: Hallinan Jazmine P. , Doyle Lindsey A. , Shen Betty W. , Gewe Mesfin M. , Takushi Brittany , Kennedy Madison A. , Friend Della , Roberts James M. , Bradley Philip , Stoddard Barry L.
Published: October 2021

Circular tandem repeat proteins (‘cTRPs’) are de novo designed protein scaffolds (in this and prior studies, based on antiparallel two-helix bundles) that contain repeated protein sequences and structural motifs and form closed circular structures. They can display significant stability and solubility, a wide range of sizes, and are useful as protein display particles for biotechnology applications. However, cTRPs also demonstrate inefficient self-assembly from smaller subunits. In this study, we describe a new generation of cTRPs, with longer repeats and increased interaction surfaces, which enhanced the self-assembly of two significantly different sizes of homotrimeric constructs. Finally, we demonstrated functionalization of these constructs with (1) a hexameric array of peptide-binding SH2 domains, and (2) a trimeric array of anti-SARS CoV-2 VHH domains. The latter proved capable of sub-nanomolar binding affinities towards the viral receptor binding domain and potent viral neutralization function.
Non-conventional octameric structure of C-phycocyanin
Authors: Minato Takuo , Teramoto Takamasa , Adachi Naruhiko , Hung Nguyen Khac , Yamada Kaho , Kawasaki Masato , Akutsu Masato , Moriya Toshio , Senda Toshiya , Ogo Seiji , Kakuta Yoshimitsu , Yoon Ki-Seok
Published: October 2021

C-phycocyanin (CPC), a blue pigment protein, is an indispensable component of giant phycobilisomes, which are light-harvesting antenna complexes in cyanobacteria that transfer energy efficiently to photosystems I and II. X-ray crystallographic and electron microscopy (EM) analyses have revealed the structure of CPC to be a closed toroidal hexamer by assembling two trimers. In this study, the structural characterization of non-conventional octameric CPC is reported for the first time. Analyses of the crystal and cryogenic EM structures of the native CPC from filamentous thermophilic cyanobacterium Thermoleptolyngbya sp. O–77 unexpectedly illustrated the coexistence of conventional hexamer and novel octamer. In addition, an unusual dimeric state, observed via analytical ultracentrifugation, was postulated to be a key intermediate structure in the assemble of the previously unobserved octamer. These observations provide new insights into the assembly processes of CPCs and the mechanism of energy transfer in the light-harvesting complexes.
Mercury ion-engineering Au plasmonics on MoS2 layers for absorption-shifted optical sensors
Authors: Luo Jun Jiang , Qin Ling Yun , Du Xiao Juan , Luo Hong Qun , Li Nian Bing , Li Bang Lin
Published: October 2021

Mercury ions can modulate the surface engineering effect of MoS2. Based on the cooperative optical characteristics of semiconducting MoS2 and plasmonic gold nanostructures, a novel colorimetric mercury sensing is established.
Target-induced transcription of a light-up RNA aptamer to construct a novel method for alkaline phosphatase assay
Authors: Lee Seoyoung , Kim Hansol , Kim Hyo Yong , Park Hyun Gyu
Published: October 2021

A novel method for alkaline phosphatase (ALP) assay based on the target-induced transcription of a light-up RNA aptamer was developed.
Recent progress in the oxidative coupling of unactivated Csp3–H bonds with other C–H bonds
Authors: Liao Yang , Liu Feng , Shi Zhang-jie
Published: October 2021

The oxidative coupling between two carbon–hydrogen (C–H) bonds offers the most straightforward pathway to construct C–C bonds from hydrocarbons without pre-functionalization, exhibiting high step- and atom-economy.
Selective quantification of nanoplastics in environmental matrices by asymmetric flow field-flow fractionation with total organic carbon detection
Authors: Mowla Marfua , Shakiba Sheyda , Louie Stacey M.
Published: October 2021

This research presents the first proof of principle of a hyphenated AF4-TOC method to selectively quantify nanoplastics in environmental matrices.
Solid-state construction of zigzag periphery via intramolecular C–H insertion induced by alumina-mediated C–F activation
Authors: Feofanov Mikhail , Förtsch Andreas , Amsharov Konstantin , Akhmetov Vladimir
Published: October 2021

Here, we report a C(aryl)–C(sp3) coupling technique enabling construction of PAHs with zigzag periphery directly on non-metallic surfaces.
Correction: Perovskite photodetectors and their application in artificial photonic synapses
Authors: Huang Xin , Guo Yunlong , Liu Yunqi
Published: October 2021

Correction for ‘Perovskite photodetectors and their application in artificial photonic synapses’ by Xin Huang et al., Chem. Commun., 2021, DOI: 10.1039/d1cc04447h.
Spectral characteristics of a Nd3+/Yb3+:YPO4 single crystal with strong multi-wavelength emission
Authors: Che Yang , Zheng Fei , Lu Jingyao , Yin Yanzhen , Wang Zhen , Zhong Degao , Sun Shijia , Teng Bing
Published: October 2021

We report the growth and spectral characteristics of the 0.32 at%Nd3+/1.2 at%Yb3+:YPO4 crystal.
Mechanistic studies of NH3-assisted reduction of mononuclear Cu(ii) cation sites in Cu-CHA zeolites
Authors: Wilcox Laura N. , Krishna Siddarth H. , Jones Casey B. , Gounder Rajamani
Published: October 2021

Spectroscopic, titrimetric, and gas-phase product analysis methods reveal a six-electron process for NH3-assisted reduction of mononuclear Cu(ii) sites to Cu(i) in Cu-CHA zeolites of different Cu(ii) site speciation and density.
Incorporating concentration-dependent sediment microbial activity into methylmercury production kinetics modeling
Authors: Schwartz Grace E. , Muller Katherine A. , Rathore Saubhagya S. , Wilpiszeski Regina L. , Carrell Alyssa A. , Cregger Melissa A. , Elias Dwayne A. , Podar Mircea , Painter Scott L. , Brooks Scott C.
Published: October 2021

Including concentration-dependent microbial activity may improve model description of mercury methylation and methylmercury demethylation kinetics.
Lifetime bioaccumulation of silver nanoparticles accelerates functional aging by inactivating antioxidant pathways, an effect reversed by pterostilbene
Authors: Chen Zi-Yu , Su Yu-Chen , Cheng Fong-Yu , Yan Shian-Jang , Wang Ying-Jan
Published: October 2021

Early AgNP exposure causes lifetime bioaccumulation and accelerated functional aging by inactivating antioxidant pathways. Pterostilbene reverses AgNP effects on aging.
Lactobacillus fermentum HFY06 attenuates d-galactose-induced oxidative stress and inflammation in male Kunming mice
Authors: Li Fang , Huang Hui , Wu Yangkun , Lu Zhe , Zhou Xianrong , Tan Fang , Zhao Xin
Published: October 2021

Lactobacillus fermentum HFY06 can reduce oxidative damage in mice, including liver tissue damage.
Electrochemical strategies for N-cyanation of secondary amines and α C-cyanation of tertiary amines under transition metal-free conditions
Authors: Fu Zhengjiang , Fu Yaping , Yin Jian , Hao Guangguo , Yi Xuezheng , Zhong Tingting , Guo Shengmei , Cai Hu
Published: October 2021

Electrochemical N-cyanation of secondary amines and α C-cyanation of tertiary amines have been established under transition metal-free conditions, which provide cyanamides and nitriles with good functional group tolerance from simple systems.
Cortical spheroids display oscillatory network dynamics
Authors: Sevetson Jessica L. , Theyel Brian , Hoffman-Kim Diane
Published: October 2021

3-D spheroid cultures contain networks that develop by 9 days and develop increasingly complex network activity patterns as they mature. We demonstrate, for the first time, that spheroids exhibit network activity similar to in vivo network events.
Synthesis of AuAg/Ag/Au open nanoshells with optimized magnetic plasmon resonance and broken symmetry for enhancing second-harmonic generation
Authors: Zhou Tao , Ding Si-Jing , Wu Zhi-Yong , Yang Da-Jie , Zhou Li-Na , Zhao Zhi-Rui , Ma Liang , Wang Wei , Ma Song , Wang Si-Man , Zou Jia-Nan , Zhou Li , Wang Qu-Quan
Published: October 2021

The cooperation of magnetic and electric plasmon resonances in Au open nanoshells exhibits significant capability for second-harmonic generation (SHG) enhancement, and the SHG intensity is further enhanced by the Ag/Au and AuAg/Ag/Au open nanoshells.
Nanoscale aggregates of porphyrins: red-shifted absorption, enhanced absorbance and phototherapeutic activity
Authors: Wu Qihang , Xia Rui , Li Chaonan , Li Yite , Sun Tingting , Xie Zhigang , Jing Xiabin
Published: October 2021

Ordered porphyrin aggregates with red-shifted absorption and enhanced absorbance have been developed by screening molecular structures, solvents and surfactants.
Broadband saturated absorption properties of bismuthene nanosheets
Authors: Sun Yan , Yuan Junjie , Xin Yi , Liu Guowei , Zhang Fang , Xing Fei , Fu Shenggui
Published: October 2021

Bismuthene nanosheets were exfoliated by the LPE method. And the SA properties have been studies by open aperture Z-scan method. The results showed bismuthene nanosheets display broadband saturated properties in near-infrared wavelengths.
Enhanced open-circuit voltages and efficiencies: the role of oxidation state of molybdenum oxide buffer layer in polymer solar cells
Authors: Ma Pengfei , Xu Jiaying , Wang Chen , Wang Changhao , Meng Fanxu , Xie Yupeng , Wen Shanpeng
Published: October 2021

The high oxidation state MoOx buffer layer provides better level alignment and charge transfer efficiency, improving the open-circuit voltages and the efficiencies of polymer solar cells.
Correction: Synthesis and characterization of a new ZIF-67@MgAl2O4 nanocomposite and its adsorption behaviour
Authors: Davoodi Mehdi , Davar Fatemeh , Rezayat Mohammad R. , Jafari Mohammad T. , Bazarganipour Mehdi , Shalan Ahmed Esmail
Published: October 2021

Correction for ‘Synthesis and characterization of a new ZIF-67@MgAl2O4 nanocomposite and its adsorption behaviour’ by Mehdi Davoodi et al., RSC Adv., 2021, 11, 13245–13255, DOI: 10.1039/D1RA01056E.
Rapid glycoconjugation with glycosyl amines
Authors: Rapp Mareike A. , Baudendistel Oliver R. , Steiner Ulrich E. , Wittmann Valentin
Published: October 2021

A new method for carbohydrate-oxyamine ligation starting from glycosyl amines 1 instead of the commonly used reducing sugars 2 results in tremendously increased ligation rates without the need for a catalyst, such as aniline.
Intelligent demethylase-driven DNAzyme sensor for highly reliable metal-ion imaging in living cells
Authors: Hong Chen , Wang Qing , Chen Yingying , Gao Yuhui , Shang Jinhua , Weng Xiaocheng , Liu Xiaoqing , Wang Fuan
Published: October 2021

A simple yet versatile demethylation strategy is proposed for an on-site repairing-to-activating metal-ion-targeting DNAzyme and for achieving the highly reliable site-specific imaging of metal ions in live cells.
Impact of Ir modification on the durability of FeNC catalysts under start-up and shutdown cycle conditions
Authors: Prössl Carolin , Kübler Markus , Paul Stephen , Ni Lingmei , Kinkelin Simon-Johannes , Heppe Nils , Eberhardt Klaus , Geppert Christopher , Jaegermann Wolfram , Stark Robert W. , Bron Michael , Kramm Ulrike I.
Published: October 2021

Ir modification of FeNC catalysts improves the durability of the catalysts, but causes electronic changes that are disadvantageous for the activity.
Suppressing the defects in cesium-based perovskites via polymeric interlayer assisted crystallization control
Authors: Guo Jia , Wang Kaiyang , Liu Tanghao , Wei Qi , Mei Shiliang , Yu Xuanchi , Tang Zikang , Xing Guichuan , Hong Guo
Published: October 2021

We show that the intrinsic and surface defects can be simultaneously suppressed by inserting polymeric interlayer beneath the perovskite films, through facilitating the crystallization process and filling up the vacancies on the crystal surface.
CO2-selective zeolitic imidazolate framework membrane on graphene oxide nanoribbons: experimental and theoretical studies
Authors: Choi Eunji , Hong Sung Jun , Chen Junhe , Kim Yeong Jae , Choi Yunkyu , Kwon Ohchan , Eum Kiwon , Choi Ji Il , Jang Seung Soon , Han Byungchan , Kim Dae Woo
Published: October 2021

A CO2 selective ZIF-8 membrane can be fabricated on a graphene oxide nanoribbon coated polymeric support with a CO2 permeance of 7.8 × 10−9 mol m−2 Pa−1 s−1 and a CO2/CH4 selectivity of 27.
Chiral deformation reversal of liquid crystal polymer actuators
Authors: Xiao Yaoyu , Jiang Zhichao , Yin Lu , Jiang Jie , Zhao Yue
Published: October 2021

Liquid crystal polymer actuators capable of reversing their twisting directions by only cooling (or heating) are achieved through, on the one hand, asymmetrical crosslinking and/or stretching, and on the other hand, off-axis mesogen orientation.
Molybdenum as a versatile dopant in SnTe: a promising material for thermoelectric application
Authors: Shenoy U. Sandhya , Bhat D. Krishna
Published: October 2021

Electronic structure engineering of SnTe by doping with molybdenum results in an increase in the band gap, valence band convergence, introduction of resonance levels, Rashba splitting and multiband transport, leading to enhanced thermoelectric performance.
The Galactic Faraday rotation sky 2020
Authors: Hutschenreuter S. , Anderson C. S. , Betti S. , Bower G. C. , Brown J.-A. , Brüggen M. , Carretti E. , Clarke T. , Clegg A. , Costa A. , Croft S. , Van Eck C. , Gaensler B. M. , de Gasperin F. , Haverkorn M. , Heald G. , Hull C. L. H. , Inoue M. , Johnston-Hollitt M. , Kaczmarek J. , Law C. , Ma Y. K. , MacMahon D. , Mao S. A. , Riseley C. , Roy S. , Shanahan R. , Shimwell T. , Stil J. , Sobey C. , O’Sullivan S. P. , Tasse C. , Vacca V. , Vernstrom T. , Williams P. K. G. , Wright M. , Enßlin T. A.
Published: October 2021

Aims. This work provides an update to existing reconstructions of the Galactic Faraday rotation sky by processing almost all Faraday rotation data sets available at the end of the year 2020. Observations of extra-Galactic sources in recent years have further illuminated the previously underconstrained southern celestial sky, as well as parts of the inner disc of the Milky Way, along with other regions. This has culminated in an all-sky data set of 55 190 data points, thereby comprising a significant expansion on the 41 330 used in previous works. At the same time, this novelty makes an updated separation of the Galactic component a promising enterprise. The increased source density allows us to present our results in a resolution of about 1.3 × 10−2 deg2 (46.8 arcmin2), which is a twofold increase compared to previous works.

Methods. As for previous Faraday rotation sky reconstructions, this work is based on information field theory, namely, a Bayesian inference scheme for field-like quantities that handles noisy and incomplete data.

Results. In contrast to previous reconstructions, we find a significantly thinner and pronounced Galactic disc with small-scale structures exceeding values of several thousand rad m−2. The improvements can mainly be attributed to the new catalog of Faraday data, but are also supported by advances in correlation structure modeling within numerical information field theory. We also provide a detailed discussion on the statistical properties of the Faraday rotation sky and we investigate correlations with other data sets.
Millimetre-wave laboratory study of glycinamide and a search for it with ALMA towards Sagittarius B2(N)
Authors: Kisiel Z. , Kolesniková L. , Belloche A. , Guillemin J.-C. , Pszczółkowski L. , Alonso E. R. , Garrod R. T. , Białkowska-Jaworska E. , León I. , Müller H. S. P. , Menten K. M. , Alonso J. L.
Published: October 2021

Context. Glycinamide (NH2CH2C(O)NH2) is considered to be one of the possible precursors of the simplest amino acid, glycine. Its only rotational spectrum reported so far has been in the centimetre-wave region on a laser-ablation generated supersonic expansion sample.

Aims. The aim of this work is to extend the laboratory spectrum of glycinamide to the millimetre (mm) wave region to support searches for this molecule in the interstellar medium and to perform the first check for its presence in the high-mass star forming region Sagittarius B2(N).

Methods. Glycinamide was synthesised chemically and was studied with broadband rotational spectroscopy in the 90–329 GHz region with the sample in slow flow at 50°C. Tunnelling across a low-energy barrier between two symmetry equivalent configurations of the molecule resulted in splitting of each vibrational state and many perturbations in associated rotational energy levels, requiring careful coupled state fits for each vibrational doublet. We searched for emission of glycinamide in the imaging spectral line survey ReMoCA performed with the Atacama Large Millimetre/submillimetre Array towards Sgr B2(N). The astronomical spectra were analysed under the assumption of local thermodynamic equilibrium.

Results. We report the first analysis of the mm-wave rotational spectrum of glycinamide, resulting in fitting – to experimental measurement accuracy – of over 1200 assigned and measured transition frequencies for the ground-state tunnelling doublet and of many lines for tunnelling doublets for two singly excited vibrational states. We also determine the precise vibrational separation in each doublet. We did not detect emission from glycinamide in the hot molecular core Sgr B2(N1S). We derived a column density upper limit of 1.5 × 1016 cm−2, which implies that glycinamide is at least seven times less abundant than aminoacetonitrile and 1.8 times less abundant than urea in this source. A comparison with results of astrochemical kinetics models for species related to glycinamide suggests that its abundance may be at least one order of magnitude below the upper limit obtained towards Sgr B2(N1S). This means that glycinamide emission in this source likely lies well below the spectral confusion limit in the frequency range covered by the ReMoCA survey.

Conclusions. Thanks to the spectroscopic data provided by this study, the search for glycinamide in the interstellar medium can continue on a firm basis. Targetting sources with a lower level of spectral confusion, such as the Galactic Center shocked region G+0.693-0.027, may be a promising avenue.
Two New Cytotoxic Maytansinoids Targeting Tubulin from Trewia nudiflora
Authors: Lei Chun , Li Ya-Nan , Li Jia-Nan , Zhou Yu-Bo , Cui Ming-Jun , Fu Kai-Cong , Li Jia , Hou Ai-Jun
Published: October 2021

Two new maytansinoids, N-methyltreflorine (1) and methyltrewiasine (2), were isolated from the dried fruits of Trewia nudiflora, together with three known congeners (3 – 5). Their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic methods, and the absolute configuration of 1 and 2 was determined by X-ray crystallographic analysis. Compounds 1 – 5 exhibited strong cytotoxicity against human tumor cell lines, including HeLa, MV-4 – 11, and MCF-7, with IC50 values ranging from 0.12 to 11 nM. Compounds 1 and 4 also showed inhibitory activity against the MCF-7/ADR cell line with IC50 values of 13 and 28 nM, respectively. Compounds 1 and 2 significantly inhibited tubulin polymerization in vitro with IC50 values of 3.6 and 3.2 µM, respectively.
Die Bakerzyste – das stumpfe Damoklesschwert bei der Radiosynoviorthese (RSO)?
Authors: Kampen Willm Uwe , Freudenberg Lutz S , Fischer Manfred , Klett Rigobert
Published: October 2021

Die popliteale Bakerzyste galt lange Zeit als Kontraindikation bei der Durchführung einer Radiosynoviorthese (RSO). Insbesondere bei einem vorliegenden „Ventilmechanismus“ der Zyste fürchtete man eine vermehrte Anreicherung des intraartikulär injizierten Radiopharmazeutikums Yttrium-90-Kolloid in der Zyste, die aus einer mit der Kniegelenkhöhle kommunizierenden Bursa unter dem medialen Kopf des M. gastrocnemius bei chronischer Arthritis mit Ergussneigung entstehen kann. Aufgrund der im Vergleich zur Kniegelenkkapsel deutlich dünneren Zystenwand wurde die Gefahr einer radiogenen Zystenruptur mit konsekutiver Freisetzung des hoch energetischen Betastrahlers in die umgebenden Weichteile und einer dadurch hervorgerufenen Weichteilnekrose diskutiert. Daher ist vor der Kniegelenk-RSO zwingend die sonografische Abklärung einer möglichen Bakerzyste erforderlich. Neue Studien zeigen hingegen keinen Hinweis auf die Gefahr einer Zystenruptur durch eine lege artis durchgeführte Kniegelenk-RSO.

Bei bereits präexistierender Zystenwandruptur ist jedoch die Gefahr eines unkontrollierten Austritts des Radiopharmazeutikums mit nachfolgender Radionekrose auch weiterhin gegeben. Die Magnetresonanztomografie (MRT) ist die Methode der Wahl, um eine solche Zystenruptur im Vorfeld auszuschließen, liefert aber nicht immer zuverlässige Befunde. In derartigen Fällen ist die Binnenraumszintigrafie unter Verwendung von Tc-99m-Nanokolloid geeignet, die Integrität der Bakerzyste nachzuweisen und einen möglichen Aktivitätsaustritt aus der Zyste mit hinreichender Sicherheit auszuschließen. Die vorliegende Arbeit erläutert diese Methode an repräsentativen Fallbeispielen.
Aggressive systemic mastocytosis with diffuse bone marrow 18F-FDG uptake
Authors: Koukalová Renata , Vašina Jiří , Štika Jiří , Doubek Michael , Szturz Petr
Published: October 2021

Mastocytosis is a clonal hematopoietic disorder characterized by proliferation of abnormal mast cells in various organs including the skin, digestive system, lymph nodes, and bone marrow. We report on a 75-year-old woman presenting with abdominal pain, vomiting, diarrhoea, myalgia, and weight loss. Abdominal CT showed hepatosplenomegaly with heterogeneous splenic parenchyma, lymphadenopathy, and osteopenia with areas of osteosclerosis but no primary tumour. An 18F-FDG PET/CT revealed an overall low metabolic activity of the lesions with a diffuse bone marrow involvement raising suspicion of a haematological neoplasm. Subsequently, bone marrow and peripheral blood examinations confirmed the diagnosis of aggressive systemic mastocytosis.
Diarylamines with the Neighboring Pyridyl Group: Synthesis and Modulation of the Amine Functionality via Intramolecular H-Bonding
Authors: Magdesieva Tatiana V. , Levitskiy Oleg A. , Klimchuk Ivan A. , Grishin Yuri K. , Roznyatovsky Vitaly A. , Tarasevich Boris N.
Published: October 2021

New pyridyl-containing diarylamines were obtained via Cu-assisted reductive amination of the ortho-2-pyridylarylboronic acids. Comparative analysis of the spectral and electrochemical data obtained for new diarylamines and their pyridyl-free counterparts revealed the intramolecular H-bond (IMHB) formation which significantly influences the properties of the amino group. The electron density at the N atom of the amino group is increased due to partial weakening of the N–H bond, although the BDE and activation energy for the H-atom abstraction is increased due to the chelating effect of two N atoms. The ortho-pyridyl-containing diarylamines are more prone to be oxidized as compared to their pyridyl-free counterparts; the shift in the oxidation potential values correlates with the strength of the intramolecular H-bonding which can be tuned by inserting substituents in the pyridyl or phenyl rings. The IMHB is reserved even in polar solvents having a significant H-acceptor ability (such as DMSO) but can be destroyed in methanol, testifying in favor of the dynamic nature of the H-bonding.
The Application of 1,2-Oxazinanes as Chiral Cyclic Weinreb Amide-Type Auxiliaries Leading to a Three-Component, One-Pot Reaction
Authors: Hilt Gerhard , Fährmann Jan , Hermann Ludmila
Published: October 2021

1,2-Oxazines were synthesised via a copper-catalysed aerobic acyl nitroso Diels–Alder reaction from 1,4-disubstituted 1,3-dienes and N-Boc-hydroxylamine. From this, 1,2-oxazinanes were obtained in a novel follow-up reaction path. The stability of several 1,2-oxazines and 1,2-oxazinanes towards organometallic compounds was tested to rate their operability as cyclic chiral Weinreb amide auxiliaries. 3,6-Di-tert-butyl-1,2-oxazinane gave the best results and was introduced as a chiral Weinreb amide-type auxiliary to yield chiral α-substituted ketones in a diastereomeric ratio of up to 98:2. The removal of the auxiliary can be performed with BuLi to form unsymmetrical α-chiral ketones. Thereafter, the chiral auxiliary can be re-isolated and purified by sublimation under vacuum.
Nutrition Phytochemicals Affecting Platelet Signaling and Responsiveness: Implications for Thrombosis and Hemostasis
Authors: Tamer Funda , Tullemans Bibian M. E. , Kuijpers Marijke J. E. , Claushuis Theodora A.M. , Heemskerk Johan W. M.
Published: October 2021

Cardiovascular disease, in particular due to arterial thrombosis, is a leading cause of mortality and morbidity, with crucial roles of platelets in thrombus formation. For multiple plant-derived phytochemicals found in common dietary components, claims have been made regarding cardiovascular health and antiplatelet activities. Here we present a systematic overview of the published effects of common phytochemicals, applied in vitro or in nutritional intervention studies, on agonist-induced platelet activation properties and platelet signaling pathways. Comparing the phytochemical effects per structural class, we included general phenols: curcuminoids (e.g., curcumin), lignans (honokiol, silybin), phenolic acids (caffeic and chlorogenic acid), derivatives of these (shikimic acid), and stilbenoids (isorhapontigenin, resveratrol). Furthermore, we evaluated the flavonoid polyphenols, including anthocyanidins (delphinidin, malvidin), flavan-3-ols (catechins), flavanones (hesperidin), flavones (apigenin, nobiletin), flavonols (kaempferol, myricetin, quercetin), and isoflavones (daidzein, genistein); and terpenoids including carotenes and limonene; and finally miscellaneous compounds like betalains, indoles, organosulfides (diallyl trisulfide), and phytosterols. We furthermore discuss the implications for selected phytochemicals to interfere in thrombosis and hemostasis, indicating their possible clinical relevance. Lastly, we provide guidance on which compounds are of interest for further platelet-related research.
COVID-19 Pandemic and its Impact on the Management of Head and Neck Cancer in the Spanish Healthcare System.
Authors: Mayo-Yáñez Miguel , Palacios-García José M. , Calvo-Henríquez Christian , Ayad Tareck , Saydy Nadim , León Xavier , Parente Pablo , Chiesa-Estomba Carlos Miguel , Lechien Jérôme R.
Published: October 2021

Introduction Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has represented a major challenge for healthcare systems worldwide, changing the habits of physicians. A reorganization of healthcare activity has been necessary, limiting surgical activity to essential cases (emergencies and oncology), and improving the distribution of health resources.

Objective To analyze the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on head and neck cancer surgery management in Spain.

Methods A cross-sectional study, through an anonymous and voluntary online survey distributed to 76 Spanish otorhinolaryngology departments.

Results A total of 44 centers completed the survey, 65.9% of which were high-volume. A total of 45.5% of them had to stop high-priority surgery and 54.5% of head and neck surgeons were relocated outside their scope of practice. Surgeons reported not feeling safe during their usual practice, with a decrease to a 25% of airway procedures. A total of 29.5% were “forced” to deviate from the “standard of care” due to the epidemiological situation.

Conclusions Approximately half of the departments decreased their activity, not treating their patients on a regular basis, and surgeons were reassigned to other tasks. It seems necessary that the head and neck surgeons balance infection risk with patient care. The consequences of the reported delays and changes in daily practice should be evaluated in the future in order to understand the real impact of the pandemic on the survival of head and neck cancer patients.
Aceruloplasminemia: MRI and Biochemical Profile Clue to Early Diagnosis in an Adolescent
Authors: Sheth Swapnil , Sud Seema , Buxi Tarvinder B. S. , Bhargava Salil , Puri Ratna Dua , Sandal Sapna , Agrawal C.S.
Published: October 2021

Aceruloplasminemia (ACP) is a rare autosomal recessive genetic disorder with systemic and brain iron overload, secondary to ceruloplasmin gene mutation, usually presents in adults with neurological manifestations. An abnormal biochemical profile may be the only clue in an adolescent patient, that is, microcytic anemia, low transferrin saturation, hyperferritinemia, and should warrant a possible diagnosis of ACP, which can be established by low serum ceruloplasmin levels and appropriate genetic testing. We present a case of an adolescent patient in whom ACP was suspected when brain magnetic resonance imaging showed iron overload in basal ganglia, thalami, red nuclei, dentate nuclei, and choroid plexus and later on confirmed by biochemical profile. The final diagnosis was confirmed by the presences of a novel mutation on genetic analysis. To the best of our knowledge, our case is the second description of ACP with choroid plexus hemosiderosis.

We proposed in this article that the combination of parenchymal and choroid plexus iron overload should prompt the suspicion of ACP.