bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Determination of Bioactive Components of Acetone Extractives of Cinnamomum camphora Root Wood by Py-GC/MS under 350°C
Authors: Zhang Dang Quan , Zhang Huai Yun , Guo Lin Lin , Peng Kuan
Published: May 2011

Py-GC/MS technology was used to analyze the high-grade resource recovering approaches of C. camphora root wood at 350°C. The result showed that the chemical components of acetone extractives from C. camphora root wood are as: Benzene, 1,2-dimethoxy-4-(2-propenyl)- (10.255%), Bicyclo[2.2.1]heptan-2-one, 1,7,7-trimethyl-, (1R)- (7.751%), p-menth-1-en-8-ol (5.765%), Phenol, 2,6-dimethoxy-4-(2-propenyl)- (3.833%), 1,6-Cyclodecadiene, 1-methyl-5-methylene-8- (1-methylethyl)-, [s-(E,E)]- (3.669%), D-Allose (3.265%), Acetic acid (2.784%), 1(2H)-Naphthalenone, octahydro-8a-hydroxy- (2.719%), 1,3-Benzodioxole, 4-methoxy-6- (2-propenyl)- (2.674%), .beta.(3,4-Methylenedioxyphenyl)propionic acid (2.216%), Phenol, 4-methyl- (2.200%), Phenol, 2,6-dimethoxy- (2.138%), 3,4-Methylenedioxyphenyl acetone (2.125%), 5-Hepten-2-one, 6-methyl- (2.075%), 2-Oxabicyclo[2.2.2]octan-6-ol, 1,3,3-trimethyl- (1.808%), Phenol, 2-methoxy-3-(2-propenyl)- (1.688%), etc. The analytical result by 350°C-based Py-GC/MS showed that the 350°C pyrolyzate of acetone extractives from C. camphora root wood can be used as top value-added materials of biomedicine, but also used as the bioactive materials of bioenergy, cosmetic, food, and other industrial solvents.
Pyrolysis-GC/MS of Bioactive Components of Acetone Extractives of Oil-Tea Cake under 300°C
Authors: Zeng Yan Ling , Zhang Dang Quan , Peng Wan Xi
Published: May 2011

The current processing and utilization of oil-tea cake is still characterized by low economic benefit and low value added, therefore, 300°C-based pyrolysis- GC/MS technology was used to analyze the bioactive components of acetone extractives of oil-tea cake. Relative content of each component was determined by area normalization. The analytical result showed that the main components from 300°C-based pyrolyzate of acetone extractives of oil-tea cake by pyrolysis- GC/MS were as: SQUALENE (18.61%), 9-OCTADECENAL, (Z)- (15.27%), 3',5'-DIMETHOXYACETOPHENONE (9.53%), HEXADECANOIC ACID (7.28%), (Z)14-TRICOSENYL FORMATE (5.15%), .GAMMA.-SITOSTEROL (3.82%), BIS(2-METHOXYETHYL) PHTHALATE (2.86%), ERGOST-5-EN-3-OL, (3.BETA.)- (2.31%), etc. The results of function analyses showed that the 300°C-based pyrolyzate of acetone extractives of oil-tea cake contain rich components of rare natural medicinal materials, and also contain value-added materials of high-grade spice, food, cosmetic and bioenergy.
Study on Corrosion Mechanism of Arc Sprayed Zn-Al-Mg Coatings by XRD and EIS
Authors: Zhu Zi Xin , Li Ai Jun , Xu Bin Shi
Published: May 2011

Cored wires and arc spraying were used to produce high Mg content Zn-Al-Mg alloy coatings on low carbon steel substrates. And the corrosion mechanism of the Zn-Al-Mg coatings was investigated comparing with Zn-Al alloy coatings by X-ray diffractometer (XRD) and Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The results show that, The Zn-Al-Mg coatings show higher electrochemical corrosion resistance in salt solution than Zn-Al coatings. With addition of Mg, the corrosion products can block off the pores in the Zn-Al-Mg coating, which is so-called self sealing, and thus prevent attack on the underlying steel substrate.
Vertical Vibration Conveyor Vibration Testing
Authors: Hao Hong Yan , Ji Qing Shan
Published: May 2011

In this paper, the test object was vertical vibration conveyor of transporting molding sand in the foundry. Using eddy current sensor and the differential transformer sensor respectively measured for the vertical vibration and rotation vibration, and measurement system block diagram was given. It provided the basis of the design, operation, and fault detection about vibration machines.
A Composite Approach of Sensorless Rotor Position Sensing for Brushless DC Motor
Authors: Ji Qing Shan , Hao Hong Yan
Published: May 2011

The principles and characteristics of the sensorless brushless DC motor rotor position detection were analyzed by using inductive method and third harmonic back-EMF detection method. A composite rotor position detection method was proposed in full speed range (including zero speed). At zero speed (static state) inductive method was used to determine the initial rotor position, and it was bases of starting and controlling for the brushless DC motor; at low speed third harmonic back EMF detection method was used. Analysis shows that the composite test method can estimate the rotor position, and it is to achieve the position sensorless brushless DC motor to run a viable method.
Determination of Bioactive Components of Waste Leaves from Chinese Hackberry by GC/MS
Authors: He Gong Xiu , Zhang Dang Quan , Liu Qi Mei , Peng Kuan
Published: May 2011

Chinese Hackberry (Celtis sinensis) tree has high adaptability to environment and tolerance to water stress, and a long history of utilization and plantation in many countries. However, researches on Chinese Hackberry were mostly focused on the biomass analyses and utilizations of its wood, and lacked those to analyze the chemical components of extractives of Chinese Hackberry leaves, which was very important to recover and utilize the polluting waste Chinese Hackberry leaves. Therefore, the chemical components of benzene/ethanol extractives of Chinese Hackberry leaves were analyzed by method of GC/MS in order to identify top value-added bioactive components from waste leaves of Chinese Hackberry tree. The analytical result showed that the main components of benzene/ethanol extractives of freeze-dried Chinese Hackberry leaves by GC/MS analysis were identified 10 components (106 peaks) as: Sesquirosefuran (48.57%), Thiophene, 2-ethyltetrahydro- (20.01 %), Hexatriacontane (8.67%), Octadecane (8.60%), 1-Eicosanol Pregn-4-en-3-one, 20-hydroxy-, (20R)- (4.52%), 1-Amino-2-(hydroxymethyl)anthraquinone (3.63%), 1,3-Diphenyl-(4H)1,2,4-triazoline- (1.92%), Tricyclo[4.3.1.13,8]undecane-1-carboxylic acid (1.69%), Eucalyptol (1.60%), etc. As the first report here, our result by GC/MS showed that the benzene-methanol extractive of freeze-dried Chinese Hackberry leaves can be developed into top value-added materials of spicery, biomedicines, and biofuel.
Degradation Behaviour and Kinetics of UV Cured Epoxidised Soybean Oil Derivatives
Authors: Rahmah Mohammad , Mohammad Syuhaimi Ab.Rahman , Khaled Mohamed Shaktur , Norwimie Nawi , Ahmad Faiza Mohd
Published: May 2011

Green resins based from sustainable resources are a requirement nowadays to replace non environmental coatings. Low (VOC) content epoxy which competes with conventional well established coating and high price could be derived from oil. UV curable resin is typically low VOC systems and offer advantages of rapid ambient cross linking and more energy efficient. Epoxy resins must have fast curing and low shrinkage upon cure which will give advantages to devices performance but epoxy resins are expensive and hence renewable resources from vegetable or non food oil can be used as raw materials.
Study of Bond Strength for Laser Direct Metal Deposition of Tool Steel on Copper Alloy Substrate
Authors: Imran M.K. , Masood S.H. , Song W.Q. , Brandt Milan
Published: May 2011

This paper presents an investigation on laser direct metal deposition of tool steel on copper alloy substrate both directly and using high nickel stainless steel as buffer layer. The bond strength between the clad and the substrate has been investigated. Tensile testing was employed to measure the bond strength. The characteristics of the fracture surfaces have also been analyzed. Bond strength measurement revealed that the ultimate tensile strength of the substrate material was higher compared to the bond strength between the clad and the substrate. In addition, the experimental result revealed that use of high nickel stainless steel reduced the bond strength with substrate. However, the bond strength measured in this experiment between laser cladded tool steel and copper alloy substrate was much higher compared to the bond strength between these two metals coated using other techniques.
A Study of Laser Cladding with 420 Stainless Steel Powder on the Integrity of the Substrate Metal
Authors: Soodi Mehdi , Masood S.H. , Brandt Milan
Published: May 2011

Laser cladding is a thermal process for depositing a metallic alloy on to a parent metal to repair corrosion, erosion, wear or other physical damage. The present work studies the effects of the laser cladding process on the integrity of metal substrates and the bond between the cladding layer and the base metal. It also evaluates some physical characteristics of the cladding layer, in this case grade 420 stainless steel. The research compares the work with Tungsten Inert Gas (TIG) welding and concludes that, due to the small size of the heat-affected zone, this laser cladding process does not adversely affect the physical properties of the metallic substrates.
Ant Colony Optimization Algorithm for the 0-1 Knapsack Problem Based on Genetic Operators
Authors: Hu Zhi Jun , Li Rong
Published: May 2011

0-1 knapsack problem is a typical combinatorial optimization question in the design and analysis of algorithms. The mathematical description of the knapsack problem is given in theory. The 0-1 knapsack problem is solved by ant colony optimistic algorithm that is improved by introducing genetic operators. To solve the 0-1 knapsack problem with the improved ant colony algorithm, experimental results of numerical simulations, compared with greedy algorithm and dynamic programming algorithm, have shown obvious advantages in efficiency and accuracy on the knapsack problem.
Boundary Separation Approaching Rapid Casting
Authors: Zeng Feng , Yao Shan , Jiao Zhong Fei , Zhao Shu Ming , Yang Tong
Published: May 2011

Boundary separation Approaching Rapid Casting is present. In this method, the 3-D CAD model of casting mould is sliced with certain thickness, and the 2-D profile of every slice is converted into the NC code automatically by computer. For case study, taking coated sand as material, casting moulds of propeller was made rapidly by self-developed laser rapid prototyping system. The casting test showed that this method can produce good quality parts. Boundary separation Approaching Rapid Casting with the characteristics of high production efficiency can cast products with complex cured surfaces in multi-variety and small batch, and it is a great significance in reducing the cost and shortening the cycle of new products development.
Crystalline Transformation of Ammonium Polyphosphate from Intermediate APP-X to APP-II
Authors: Liu Yue Long , Liu Gou Sheng
Published: May 2011

Ammonium polyphosphate (APP) is an effective intumescent flame retardant, it has different crystalline forms and therefore, different application. By process of diammonium hydrogen phosphate, the intermediate APP-X in between ammonium polyphosphate form II (APP-II) and form V (APP-V) was found and measured. The transformation process from APP-X to APP-II were studied and discussed. The XRD patterns in this process were discussed in detail so that the crystalline transformation process from APP-X and APP-II can be understood.
The Analysis and Test about the Carrying Capacity of 2m Microwave Antenna for the Wind Load
Authors: Xie Yu Min , Li Yong Zhi , Zhang Mei Li
Published: May 2011

The carrying capacity of 2m-caliber microwave antenna was analyzed by ANSYS software under the action of the wind load, the antenna’s reliability was analyzed and calculated from the different wind load directions which in the case of the working wind speed ensure accuracy and the limit wind speed ensure intensity, and the results of the analysis and the reliability of resisting the wind were tested and verified through simulating the test about wind load. The test proved that the analysis and results of the test were equivalent.
Catalysis Investigation of PET Depolymerization by Superacid SO42- /γ-Al2O3 under Microwave Irradiation
Authors: Ma Yong Shuai , Tang Qing Hua , Zhang Dong
Published: May 2011

Solid superacids SO42-/γ-Al2O3were prepared with wetness impregnation method in different concentrations of sulphuric acid and calcination temperatures. Polyethylene terephthalate (PET, grains) depolymerizations were catalyzed by SO42-/γ-Al2O3superacids in pure water under microwave irradiation with a reaction time of 150min, a temperature of 190°C and a pressure of 200psi. The results indicated that the catalytic activity of SO42-/γ-Al2O3superacids was influenced by the calcination temperature, concentration of sulphuric acid and the catalyst dosage. When the superacid SO42-/γ-Al2O3catalyst was calcined at 600°C, soaked in 2.5 mol·L-1sulfuric acid solution and the catalyst dosage was 1%, a good catalytic activity appeared.
Sulphur Removal from Sulphur Containing Phase(CaS) in Ladle Slag by Oxidizing Roasting
Authors: Wang De Yong , Lao Wen Zhi , Feng Hai Dong , Li Xing , Jiang Mao Fa , Wu Yong Lai , Zhang Yong Cang
Published: May 2011

Slag is the main by-product of iron and steelmaking process. Ladle slag, melted fully after secondary refining, usually contains rich CaO, Al2O3 and 2CaO·SiO2 phase, which has a potential value to recycle into steelmaking process as the substitution of lime. However, reuse of ladle slag is easy to induce an accumulation effect of sulphur or phosphorus. In this present work, CaS powder was used to replace the sulphur containing phase in ladle slag to investigate the roasting process under different atmosphere conditions. The influence of temperature and oxygen pressure on sulphur removal mechanism and products composition has been discussed. By adding solid sulfur into molten ladle slag, the results of SEM has showed that sulphur element in ladle slag existed as independent CaS phase. Roasting experiments showed that lower oxygen pressure and higher reaction temperature were beneficial for CaS changing into CaO, it was very important to design the optimum roasting route for sulphur removal from the ladle slag.
Crystalline Transformation of Ammonium Polyphosphate From Intermediate APP-X to APP-V
Authors: Liu Yue Long , Liu Gou Sheng
Published: May 2011

APP-V can be transformed to APP-I and APP-II, and APP-II can also be transformed to APP-V. However, the crystalline transformation process is not well known. By process of diammonium hydrogen phosphate, the intermediate APP-X in between ammonium polyphosphate form II (APP-II) and form V (APP-V) was found and measured. The transformation process from APP-X to APP-V were studied and discussed. The XRD patterns in this process were discussed in detail so that the crystalline transformation process from APP-X and APP-V can be understood.
Calculation of the Solubilities for 2-Aminoethyl Hydrogen Sulfate and Taurine in Water by Wilson Equation
Authors: Zhou Cai Rong , Wang Hai Feng , Shi Xiao Hua , Jiang Deng Gao
Published: May 2011

Using laser monitoring technique and reliable apparatus, the solubilities of both 2-aminoethyl hydrogen sulfate (AHS) and taurine in water were determined by the dynamic equilibrium method. Results of these measurements were correlated with Wilson equation separately. The solubilities calculated by the model showed good agreement with experimental data for AHS. And the interaction energy parameters of Wilson equation g12-g11and g21-g22correlated for binary sysytem could be used to calculate the solubilities of AHS in water. It cauld not be best using it to calculate them of taurine in water.
One-step Carbothermal Reduction Synthesis of Li3V2(PO4)3 /C as Cathode Material for Lithium Ion Batteries
Authors: Li Mei Lin , Meng Li Li , Wang Fan , Su Hai Feng , Long Yun Fei , Wen Yan Xuan , Yang Ke Di
Published: May 2011

Li3V2(PO4)3/C has been synthesized by a simple one-step carbothermal reduction technology using LiH2PO4, V2O5as the raw materials and sucrose as carbon source. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscope (SEM) measurements showed that Li3V2(PO4)3/C synthesized by one-step carbothermal reduction had monoclinic structure. The structure and particle-size of the as-prepared Li3V2(PO4)3/C can be adjusted by the amount of carbon content, sintering temperature and sintering time in the synthesis processes. Li3V2(PO4)3/C prepared with a carbon content 0.4, sintering temperature 800°C and sintering time 20 h showed the largest discharge capacity 121.4mAh.g−1and an capacity retention rate of 98.3% after 50 cycles at 0.5C. The Li3V2(PO4)3/C obtained also exhibits an excellent rate capability with high discharge capacities of 111.0 mAh.g−1at 2.0C and 102.1 mAh.g−1at 5.0C.
Liquid Flow in Rectangular Microchannels with Gradient Wettability Inner Surface Driven by Capillary Force and Gravity
Authors: Cheng Jiang , Tao Yuhong , Zhang Yong , Cai Zhi Qi , Pi Pi Hui , Wen Xiu Fang , Zheng Da Feng , Yang Zhuo Ru , Lu Long Sheng , Tang Yong
Published: May 2011

A mathematical model for predicting liquid flow velocity in a rectangular microchannel driven by capillary force and gravity is derived. The model takes into account the additional driving force arising from the wettability gradient on inner surface of a microchannel. The results of model prediction show that the velocity of liquid flow decreases with the length of microchannel and the wettability gradient on channel surface will accelerate the motion of the liquid when the flow-front approaches to the end of the microchannel. The analysis of driving force along the moving path matches well with the flow velocity predicted by the model.
Synthesis of Styrene-Acrylic Emulsion Modified with Hydroxyl Phosphate and its Corrosion Properties
Authors: Xu Yi Xiang , Yu Qian , Lin Tan Ting , Yao Huang , Yu Lin , Xu Zhen Yang , Zhang Hong
Published: May 2011

The styrene-acrylic emulsion modified by the ethylsiloxane as a cross-linking monomer and the hydroxyl phosphate as a flash-rust functional monomer was synthesized. The waterborne anti-corrosion coating film prepared by the styrene-acrylic emulsion exhibits a good overall performance, especially the an excellent corrosion resistance.
Preparation and Characterization of Cellulose/Modified Nano-SiO2 Composites Packaging Films by NMMO Technology
Authors: Wang Feng Jun , Wang Jian Qing , Xu Mei
Published: May 2011

Cellulose-based composites packaging films containing various amounts of modified nano-SiO2 were prepared by utilizing hardwood pulps as natural cellulose resource through NMMO-technology to improve the mechanical properties, permeability for oxygen and water vapor etc. The tensile strength, elongation at break, thermal stability and permeability of the cellulose composites films as a function of the content of modified nano-SiO2 were studied. The investigation suggested that the capabilities of composites films with 2 wt.% modified nano-SiO2 added were improved largely, compared to pure cellulose films, when the diameter of particles is 30nm. The tensile strength was increased from 8.95 to 17.37 MPa and the elongation at break of the cellulose composites films was improved from 41.11% to 58.34%. The composites films with rational mechanical properties have adjustable oxygen permeability (7.90×10-15-72.18×10-15 cm3·cm/cm2·s·Pa) and water vapor permeability (7.12×10-13-5.32×10-13g·cm/cm2·s·Pa). And thermal stability of the composites films was advanced through adding modified nano-SiO2.
Desulfurization of Model Oil Containing Dibenzothiophene or 4,6-Dimethyl Dibenzothiophene by Alginate Immobilized Cells
Authors: Luo Ming Fang , Liu Hui Zhou
Published: May 2011

Gram-negative bacterium, Pseudomonas delafieldii R-8 (CGMCC 0570) is capable of desulfurizing dibenzothiophene (DBT) and 4,6-dimethyldibenzothiophene (4,6-DMDBT) to produce corresponding monohydroxydimethylbiphenyl. The immobilization of the resting cells of this strain in Ca-alginate gel effectively improved the stability of the cells and the desulfurization ability per amount of cells. 1 mmol/L of DBT and 4,6-DMDBT could be completely degraded in about 1 d. About 39 percent of the activity for 4,6-DMDBT was recovered after immobilization. The desulfurization activity was increased with the decrease of the diameter of the beads. The Ca-alginate immobilized cells could be used repeatedly for over 190 h with the addition of calcium ions to strengthen them. A thin layer of hydrophobic polyurea was coated on the surface of Ca-alginate gel using a simple method. The desulfurization activity was enhanced after the coating.
Preparation and Characterization of Satraplatin - A New Bioactivity Material
Authors: Pu Shao Ping , Cong Yan Wei , Gao Wen Gui , Hu Jin , Wang Qing Kun , Sun Jia Lin
Published: May 2011

Satraplatin is a platinum coordination with antitumour activity, which is the first platinum-based antitumour drug administrated by oral route. The phase III clinical trial used in the treatment of patients with hormone-refractory prostate cancer of Ssatraplatin has been finished. Its prepararation method was introduced in this paper, and its chemical structure was identified by using the modern apparatus analysis means such as elemental analyses, mass spectrum, infrared spectrum and nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum. The results showed that its composition and structure were consistent with the theoretical one
Determination of Stigmasterol in Jatropha Seed Oil by High Performance Liquid Chromatography
Authors: Liu Shu Yu , Sun Li Jie , Guo Xin
Published: May 2011

A simple and rapid high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) assay was developed to identify and measure the stigmasterol in jatropha seed oil. The stigmasterol was isolated with a good selectivity by HPLC employing reversed phase C18 columns. The components were separated by mobile phase of methanol-water (99/1, v/v) and detected at 202nm. The quantitation of the stigmasterol was reproducible and the method relative standard deviation is 1.6%. The mean analytical recovery was 97.0%．
Sonochemical Synthesis and Luminescence Property of Monodispersed GdF3:Eu3+ Nanopeanuts
Authors: Zhu Ling , Cao Xue Qiang , Yang Dao Wu
Published: May 2011

Highly uniform and monodisperse GdF3:Eu3+ nanopeanuts has been successfully prepared by a sonochemical method under ambient air without any template. The as-prepared GdF3:Eu3+ sample was characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and photoluminescence (PL) spectra.
CFD Simulation of Geometric Effects on Jet Reactors
Authors: Bi Rong Shan , Ma Lian Xiang , Tan Xin Shun , Liu Zhen Dong , Chen Wen Wu , Zheng Shi Qing
Published: May 2011

The geometry plays an important influence on the performance of jet reactors. Based on the fast process of acid-base neutralization, the effects of geometric parameters such as the angle of diffuser, ratio of nozzle diameter to mixing chamber diameter and the position of nozzle on mixing and reaction characteristics were analyzed using CFD in detail. The results demonstrated that: (1) an optimum ratio of nozzle diameter to mixing chamber diameter was obtained, namely 0.35. If the ratio value is larger than 0.35, the conversion rate in the jet reactor decreases, whereas if the value is smaller than 0.35, the conversion rate can not improve any more but the pressure drop increases; (2) the larger the distance between the nozzle outlet and the inlet of mixing chamber, the faster the reaction proceed is. The optimum results can be acquired when the nozzle outlet shares the same plane with the centerline of the suction inlet; (3) the smaller the angle of diffuser section, the higher conversion rate in the same cross section can be achieved and at the same time, the bigger of the pressure drop is needed.
Synthesis and Characterization of Novel Isonicotinate-Based Ionic Liquids
Authors: Miao Cheng Ping , Zong Qian Shou , Xiang Zi Wei , Wu Jian Yi
Published: May 2011

Novel esteryl-functionalized ionic liquids from isonicotinic acid as raw materials have been designed, synthesized, and characterized for the first time.
Energy-saving Optimization of Crude Benzol Pretreating in Hydrotreating Process
Authors: Ma Qing Yuan , Zang Xu , Lin Da Li
Published: May 2011

The article mainly analyses energy consumption in raw material pretreatment craft question of crude benzol hydrotreating process, with available energy analytic method. By calculating the available energy of heat exchangers and evaporators of K-K process, find the energy consumption situation during crude benzene refinement production, and then give some suggestions in Energy-saving Optimization measure.
Synthesis of 4-Arm Starlike Cationic Polymer and its Application as Fixing Agent for Dissolved and Colloidal Substances
Authors: Yang Qian , Fu Ying Juan , Qin Meng Hua
Published: May 2011

A range of novel cationic starlike polymers (poly(Pen-g-MeDMA) were synthesized through atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) by core-first method. The tetrafunctional initiator (Pen-Br) was prepared by esterification of pentaerythritol with 2-bromoisobutyryl bromide. [2-(methacryloyloxy)ethyl] trimethyl ammonium chloride (MeDMA) was polymerized in H2O/EtOH medium using Pen-Br, Cu(I)Br, 2,2-dipyridine as an initiator, catalyst, and ligand respectively. The results indicated that the cationic charge density of the poly(Pen-g-MeDMA) were high and pH-insensitive. The poly(Pen-g-MeDMA) could be used as a cationic fixing agent to remove dissolved and colloidal substances from pulp, markedly improving the efficiency of retention aids.
Experimental Study on Cyclohexane by Catalytic Oxidation Using H2O2/Ferrous Sulfate
Authors: Zhang Jiao Jing , Bai Bing , Song Hua
Published: May 2011

Catalytic oxidation of cyclohexane to cyclohexanone and cyclohexanol using hydrogen peroxide over ferrous sulfate catalyst at atmospheric condition was studied. Effect of the solvent volume, catalyst amount, hydrogen peroxide volume, reaction temperature, reaction time on reaction was investigated. Results showed that using 10 mL of acetone, 0.02 g of a ferrous sulfate and 0.5 mL of hydrogen peroxide at thereaction temperature of 80 °C for 8 h, the conversion of cyclohexane was 35.35%, the total selectivity of cyclohexanone and cyclohexanol was 94.06%.
The Preparation of High Purity Silicon Dioxide from Boron Mud - The Solid Wastes of Boromagnesite for Producing Borax by Alkali or Soda
Authors: Ning Zhi Qiang , Zhai Yu Chun , Duan Hua Mei
Published: May 2011

The residual rich SiO2 slag was obtained for magnesium was leached from the boron mud by sulfuric acid. The SiO2 was leached from the residual slag by sodium hydroxide solution. The effect of the leaching temperature and the leaching time, the ratio of the sodium hydroxide solution to slag and the concentration of the sodium hydroxide solution on the leaching efficiency of SiO2 in the residual slag were also studied. The reasonable technical condition as follow : the leaching temperature is 130°C, the leaching time is 6 min, the concentration of the sodium hydroxide solution is 19mol·L-1, the ratio of the sodium hydroxide solution to slag is 2.5:1. The SiO2 leached rate can be stabilized about 85% under this condition. Silicon dioxide was produced by double carbonating the sodium silicate solution and its percentage purity is above 99%.
3-D Numerical Research on Combusting in the Whole Regenerative Heating Furnace
Authors: Zheng Kun Can , Wen Zhi , Wang Zhan Sheng , Huang Xia Lan , Wang Yan Feng , Li Yi Ke
Published: May 2011

On the basis of wholly analyzing the mechanism of the heat transfer in the regenerative heating furnace，the physical and mathematical 3-d model was set up to describe the heat transfer and combustion in the furnace. Then the CFD software was used to simulate the combusting process of the whole furnace. At last, the flow and the temperature profile in the whole furnace were deeply studied and the flow character and the temperature distribution law in the furnace were revealed in detail. The conclusions here were helpful to the reasonable design and optimization controlling of such furnaces.
Preparation of Shrimp Feed Adhesive with Urea-Dialdehyde Starch
Authors: Jin Hui Ping , Zhou Bai Qing
Published: May 2011

The starch is oxidized to dialdehyde starch by sodium periodate and condensed with urea to generate shrimp feed adhesive. The experimental result shows: Blend 38g starch to 150ml H2O, concoct 15g sodium periodate to PH 1~1.5, heat it for 2 hours within 35～40°C, flush it 4 times and filter it to obtain dialdehyde starch with 15% dialdehyde; Blend the dialdehyde starch to 200ml H2O, and stir it uniformly, concoct it to PH 8.5~9 with alkali, heat it up to 95～98°C, add 7g urea first, 30 minutes’ reaction later, add another 3g urea. After1 hour’s reaction, concoct it to PH 4~5 with acid. After 1~2 hours’ polycondensation, concoct it to PH 7~8 with alkali, and a liquid adhesive is formed. The shrimp feed could be insoluble for 2 hours in water when added 1% adhesive.
Application of Nano-Materials as Synergistic Retention Aid in Paper Making
Authors: Liu Wen Xia , Zhang Feng Shan
Published: May 2011

Various negatively charged and positively charged inorganic nano-materials have been suggested to constitute the so-called microparticle retention systems with cationic or anionic polymers. Anionic microparticle retention systems consisted of cationic polymers and negatively charged inorganic nano-materials with various aspect ratios were reviewed while their working mechanism were analyzed. Cationic microparticle retention systems made up of either naturally or organo-modified cationic nano-materials were introduced.
Silica Gel Supported Dual Acidic Ionic Liquid as a Recyclable and Efficient Catalyst for Esterification and Acetalization Reactions
Authors: Zhang Qiang , Su Hong , Luo Jun
Published: May 2011

A supported dual acidic ionic liquid was prepared via anchoring 3-sulfobutyl-1-(3-propyltriethoxysilane) imidazolium hydrogen sulfate onto common silica gel by covalent bond. The novel immobilized acidic ionic liquid illustrated high catalytic activity in esterification and acetalization reactions. The products could be separated by simple decantation and the recovered catalyst could be recycled without remarkable loss of catalytic activity even after eight runs for esterification and six runs for acetalization.
Parameter Optimization in the Extraction of Sea Cucumber (Holothuria scabra j) as a Source of Testosterone
Authors: Dewi Kurnia Harlina , Masturah Markom , Wan Daud Wan Ramli
Published: May 2011

Testosterone, the steroid hormone used in sex reversal and as an aphrodisiac, is produced not only by sea cucumber, but many other organisms too. This research was aimed at optimizing conventional extraction of testosterone from sea cucumber, looking at method, type of solvent, solvent ratio, and temperature for isolation. The results showed that extraction by reflux produced the highest testosterone content, followed by soxhlet extraction. The lowest yield was produced by maceration extraction. The solvents selected were acetone, methanol, methanol/chloroform mixture (1:2) and chloroform. The highest result was obtained by methanol/chloroform (0.2728 mg /100g dry weight (dw)), followed by acetone (0.2623 mg), chloroform (0.1606 mg) and methanol (0.0920 mg). Ratios of material:solvent used were 1:1, 1:2 and 1:3 respectively. Results improved as the amount of solvent was increased, so a ratio of 1:3 was most successful and 1:1 least successful. The effects of temperature and time on scale-up reflux extraction were also studied. Scale-up reflux extraction of 3000 ml showed that raising the temperature increases the percentage of sea cucumber extract.
Adsorption of Acid Dyes onto Wool in TX-100 Reverse Micelles
Authors: Yi Shi Xiong , Dong Yong Chun
Published: May 2011

The non-ionic reverse micelles used for dyeing wool were prepared with a non-ionic surfactant Triton X-100 (TX-100) by injecting small amount of acid dye aqueous solution. And the adsorption properties of three water-soluble anionic acid dye including Mordant Black 9, Acid Black 234 and Acid Orange 156 onto wool in TX-100 reverse micelle were studied and compared. Then effect of W value (molar ratio of the injected water to TX-100) and pH level on dye adsorption was also investigated. The results indicate that Higher W value and Low pH level would increase the adsorption amount of the dye onto wool. The adsorption of the dye onto wool showed better agreement with Langmuir isotherm equation. Mordant Black 9 with lower molecular weight and one sulfonic group exhibited the higher adsorption capacity than the other dyes.
Two-Dimensional Modeling of the Pressure Swing Adsorption Process
Authors: Zheng Xin Gang , Liu Ying Shu , Liu Wen Hai , Zhang Hui , Li Yong Ling
Published: May 2011

A two-dimensional numerical model has been established to model the sorption process inside fixed-bed adsorber. In the model, mass transfer rate, porosity distribution, nonisothermal, pressure drop, gas compression and also the dead volumes are taken into account. The model. has been applied to simulate a PSA air separation cycle for oxygen production on LiX zeolite with both 2 beds considered simultaneously, where the tube-to-particle diameter ratio (dB/dp) is 50. The results clearly show the concentration distribution and its propagation with time and a non-uniform packing induced concentration maldistribution. The two-dimensional simulation is found to be very useful for a better understanding of the dynamic adsorption and separation process in an adsorber. The results of further research are capable to guide or optimize the design of adsorber configurations.
Study on Spectroscopic and Dyeing Characteristics of Curcumin on Poly(lactic acid) and Poly(ethylene terephthalate) Fabrics
Authors: Sriumaroum Vorabodee , Liprapan Sarit , Siriphet Benjawan , Jantip Suesat , Suwanruji Potjanart
Published: May 2011

This research aimed to study the use of curcumin as a natural dye for dyeing poly(lactic acid) and poly(ethylene terephthalate) fabrics. The study found that curcumin was dyeable on PLA and PET, providing a brilliant yellow color on the fabric. Curcumin could build up very well on PLA, while lower build up was on PET. At the same applied concentration, higher color yield was observed on the dyed PLA fabric. To achieve the same visual color yield, a significantly lower concentration of curcumin was required for PLA as compared with PET. The color shade of curcumin-dyed PLA differed from the PET analogue. A bathochromic shift of the K/S curve was found when the substrate was changed from PLA to PET. The influence of polymer media on the spectroscopic properties of curcumin could be elucidated by measuring absorbance properties of curcumin in ethyl acetate and methyl benzoate, being representatives of PLA and PET, respectively. At the same concentration, curcumin solution in ethyl acetate exhibited higher absorbance than that in methyl benzoate, corresponding to the deeper shade obtained when dyed on PLA as compared with PET. Bathochromic shift of absorbance curve was also observed when the solvent was changed from ethyl acetate to methyl benzoate.
A Simple Method for Property Integration
Authors: Zhang Xi Hui , Liu Zhi Yong
Published: May 2011

In this paper, a new method is proposed for synthesis of property-based allocation networks. By analogy of concentration potential concepts proposed by Liu et al. (A heuristic design procedure for water-using networks with multiple contaminants,AIChE Journal, 2009; 55: 374-382) for the water-using networks, a new concept: the operator potential of sinks is introduced in this work. The operator potential of a sink is a measurement of the possibility of the sink to reuse the internal source streams. The sink with the lowest operator potential will be satisfied first. A literature example is studied to show the method proposed. The result shows that the method proposed in this work is very simple and the results obtained are consistent with those obtained in the literature.
Application of a Novel Initiator on Acrylic Emulsion Polymerization
Authors: Wen Shao Guo , Song Shi Gao , Liu Hong Bo , Wang Ji Hu , Xu Qian , Shen Yan
Published: May 2011

New initiator of FFM6 is used to initiate the acrylic emulsion polymerization. The influences of concentration of FFM6 (c[I]) and polymerization temperature (T) on polymerization reaction rate (Rp) were discussed.Rpis proportional to (c[I])1.4which is different with classical emulsion polymerization whoseRpis proportion to (c[I])0.4, that indicate polymerization mechanism of the reaction in the study is different with classical mechanism. The value ofEa, 56.4 kJ/mol, is lower than the value of general radical polymerization’sEa(80.0-96.0 kJ/mol), which indicates the FFM6 can initiate acrylic emulsion polymerization at a lower temperature compared with the other kinds of initiator.
Solvent-Free N-Alkylation of Phthalimide Catalyzed by Basic Ionic Liquids
Authors: Le Zhang Gao , Zhong Tao , Xie Zong Bo , Xu Jiang Ping
Published: May 2011

Solvent-freeN-alkylation of phthalimide with alkyl halides catalyzed by basic ionic liquids was developed in this conmmunication. With a comparative study, [Bmim]OH (1-butyl-3-methyl imidazolium hydroxide) exhibited the highest catalytic activity among the selected basic ionic liquids, which afforded a convenient, efficient and general protocol forN-alkyl phthalimides exclusively.
Regeneration of CuZnOx/γ-Al2O3 as a Heterogeneous Catalyst in CWPO Process
Authors: Zhang Yuan , Yan Hai Sheng , Huang Rui , Yin Quan , Ren Shu Jie , Xu Wei Chang
Published: May 2011

This paper evaluates the catalytic effectiveness of CuZnOx/γ-Al2O3 catalyst for the degradation of an azo dye, acid red GR, using H2O2 as an oxidant, under very mild conditions (atmospheric pressure and t = 40 ). In the catalytic wet peroxide oxidation (CWPO) process, the results show that it is possible to remove 80% of COD during the initial 30 h. But a considerable drop of catalytic activity is found after prolonged run. As characterization datas shown, the deactivation of the catalyst is caused by the depositon of intermediates on the surface and serious coverage of the active sites. However, calcination method which is possible to burn the organic species that trapped in the catalyst reaches complete restoration of the spent catalyst.
Relationships Between Acidity and Catalytic Performance of Solid Acid in Synthesis of Linear Alkyl Benzene (LAB)
Authors: Ren Jie , Lou Yin Shan , Yuan Hai Kuan , Shen Lian
Published: May 2011

Through the benzene alkylation experiments with long chain olefin over solid acid catalysts activated at different temperature in the fixed-bed reactor, the kinetics of alkylation reaction and the deactivation kinetics of catalyst were established. The results showed that the activity and stability of catalyst decreased with increasing the activation temperature of catalysts. The reaction rate constant (k) and the deactivation rate constant (kd) of catalyst in kinetic models were also estimated through the optimization method, respectively. The acidity of catalyst was characterized by ammonia (NH3)-temperature programmed desorption (TPD), and the desorption kinetics of NH3was obtained. The characterization results showed that the acid amount or the acid density gradually decreased, while the desorption activation energy or the acid strength increased, as the activation temperature of catalyst increased. In addition, the relationships between the acidity and catalytic performance of catalysts were correlated. It was found that the catalyst with higher acid amount and the lower acid strength on the surface exhibited the better catalytic performance and stability.
Methanol Oxidaiton over the Nanoscale Supported Tungsten Oxide Catalysts
Authors: Dai Yong Ming , Pan Tsung Chi , Jehng Jih Mirn
Published: May 2011

Nanoscale supported tungsten oxide catalysts were synthesized by hydrothermal method using γ-Al2O3, Nb2O5, TiO2, ZrO2and CeO2as supports with a loading of 5~20% WO3on each supports, respectively. The physical properties and structural information were characterized by BET, XRD, ICP-AES and in situ Raman spectroscopy. Raman results confirm that the desired molecular arrangements of the active surface WOxspecies have been achieved without the presence of the crystalline WO3phase. The reactivity/selectivity of the supported WOxcatalysts are chemically probed with steady-state methanol oxidation reaction. The catalytic results of methanol oxidation reaction have revealed that the acid sites are present on the surface of WOx/Al2O3, WOx/Nb2O5, WOx/TiO2and WOx/ZrO2catalysts for the mainly production of dimethylether (DME), and redox sites have only present on the surface of the WOx/CeO2catalysts for the oxidation production of formaldehyde (HCHO). In addition, the WOx/CeO2catalysts possesses the high redox reactivity and the WOx/Al2O3catalyst possesses the highest acid reactivity.
Application Performances of Gemini Surfactant as Silk Degumming Auxiliaries
Authors: Wang Xiang Rong , Fan Peng Kun , Zhang Yun
Published: May 2011

To investigate the Application Performances of the anionic gemini surfactant Ethanediyl-α,ω-bis(sodium N-lauroyl-β-alaninate)(EBLA) as silk degumming auxiliaries, the surface activity of the gemini surfactant was measured by the surface tension method. The dependence of degumming rate on surfactant concentration and degumming time were discussed, and the whiteness, tensile strength and capillary effect of the degummed silk fabric were measured. The results revealed that the gemini surfactant possessed excellent surface activities and its degumming effect was pretty good, the critical micelle concentration(CMC) of EBLA was 4.74×10-5 mol·dm-3, and the surface tension at the CMC(γCMC) of it was 26.6 mN·m-1. With lower dosage of the surface active agent and shorter degumming time, the perform indexes of the fabric degummed by the gemini surfactant EBLA were better than those of the fabric degummed by marseille soap.
Corrosion Behavior of Sealed Films on Anodized Al Alloy
Authors: Zhou Qi , He Chun Lin , Cai Qing Kui
Published: May 2011

Alumina sol sealing is one of new green technology for anodized Al alloy. The corrosion mechanism of films sealed by sol and corrosion behaviour of films sealed by sol, Na2Cr2O7, boiling water were analyzed by their curves of open circuit voltage-time (E-T) and potentiodynamic polarization curve. It is found that corrosion tendency of sol sealing film is less than other sealed films by E-T inspection. Fluctuation of open-circuit potential is furious in the immersing prophase and slows down in the anaphase for anodized sealed films. At this time corrosive reactions gradually reach steady state. Open-circuit potential greatly waves for the rough sealed films. Potentiodynamic polarization curves of sealed films show that passive area is the longest for films sealed by sol which has the minimum corrosive current , the passivate current, anodic current and cathode current, but the maximum pitting potential and open-circuit potential. Corrosion parameters are the second for the film sealed by dichromate. Anodic reactions are strongly inhibited by sol sealing films in Cl- corrosive solution. Sol sealing films weaken cathode O2 depolarize reaction. Cl- ions erode anodized Al material on which covered with sol film and produce corrosion. The corrosion of sol-gel film goes through two periods: pitting induced phase and pitting corrosion period.
Influence of Preparation Conditions on the Acidity of WO3/ZrO2 Solid Superacid
Authors: Xu Ping , Wang Min Wei , Qu Jia Wei , Wang Ren Lang , Wang Jian
Published: May 2011

WO3/ZrO2 solid superacid catalysts were prepared by coprecipitation and impregnation, then were characterized by XRD, N2 adsorption-desorption, Hammett indicator and pyridine chemisorption IR. The acid strength, acid type, acid volume, etc were compared under the different preparation conditions. The results indicated that the catalyst prepared by coprecipitation had stronger acid strength than the catalyst prepared by impregnation. The samples prepared by impregnation had more Lewis acid sites. With the increasing of the W/Zr ratio, the acid strength tended to increase at first and then decrease, and the catalyst with 10% WO3 loading amount had the strongest acidity. The higher the calcination temperature, the less the Lewis acid sites.
The Complex Formulation and Performance Research of a New Stopped-Boiler Protectant
Authors: Yang Dao Wu , Liu Yi , Dou Peng , Tong Hai Xia
Published: May 2011

In this paper, octadecylamine (ODA), dimethyl oxime and bromogeramine are selected to complex as a filming amine (FA). Static metal hanging slice test at low temperature is used to study the inhibition performances of the FA. And the influence of the ratio for each component in FA to the properties of the film is studied. Drip method using CuSO4solution, water droplets test method are employed to evaluate the quality of the film. Electrochemical methods are used to research the form mechanism of protective film. The results show that when each concentrations of ODA, dimethyl oxime and bromogeramine is 50 mg/L, 300 mg/L and 50 mg/L, the effect of the corrosion inhibit is the best, the time of the color change of the film in CuSO4solution is longer than 10s, water droplets could not be spread on the film, and anti-corrosion mechanism of FA is that a hydrophobic organic molecules layer on metal surface is generated to achieve the purpose of anti-corrosion.
Synthesis of Silicalite-1 Membranes on the Surface of Stainless Steel
Authors: Xu Guo Liang , Cong Yu , Wang Xin Cheng , Sun Cai Xia , Wu Chun Tian , Wang Xiao Dong , Zhang Tao
Published: May 2011

Silicalite-1 (pure silica MFI) membranes were hydrothermally synthesized on pretreated surface of two common stainless steel materials, i.e., AISI 304 and 316L. XRD and SEM techniques were used to characterize the membranes. Various membrane morphologies can be obtained by adjusting synthesis conditions such as the H2O/SiO2ratio in the start colloid, the crystallization time and temperature as well as the substrate materials. The silicalite-1 membranes on the stainless steel surface show potential applications for regenerative fuel cooling technology in high speed flight field.
Preparation and Characterization of Carbon Hydroxyapatite with Different Carbon Content
Authors: Yin Hai Rong , Yang Ming Zhen , Zhao Gao Yang
Published: May 2011

Carbonate hydroxylapatite (CHAP) with different carbon content synthesized by precipitation, As raw material to calcium nitrate、potassium phosphate、potassium carbonate, by changing the incorporation of potassium carbonate.The CHAP was characterized by XRD、TEM and FTIR. And through analysis compared structure and morphology of carbon hydroxyapatite with different carbon content.
Synthesis, Characterization of Novel Hexamethyleneiminium-Based Ionic Liquids and their Application in Esterification
Authors: Li Gong , Wu Fei Ke , Tong Hui Juan
Published: May 2011

Three novel Brønsted acidic ionic liquids (ILs), 1-(3-sulfopropyl) hexamethyleneiminium hydrogen sulfate ([HMIPS]HSO4), 1-(3-sulfopropyl) hexamethyleneiminium tosilate ([HMIPS]OTs) and 1-hexamethyleneiminium hydrogen sulfate([HMI]HSO4), were synthesized and characterized by1H NMR, FT-IR and DSC-TG. Their catalytic activities for the esterification of citric acid with n-butanol were examined and compared with the imidazolium-based ILs. The results showed that the hexamethyleneiminium-based ILs exhibits excellent catalytic activity. By using [HMIPS]HSO4as the catalyst, the yield of tributyl citrate reached 97.5%. Furthermore, the catalysts were reused at least 10 times without significant decrease in activity
Adsorption Study of Carbonate Hydroxylapatite for Hexavalent Chromium Ion from Aqueous Solution at Different Carbon Content
Authors: Yin Hai Rong , Yang Ming Zhen , Wang Tao , Feng Min Ge
Published: May 2011

The adsorption of Cr6+ from aqueous solution by carbonate hydroxylapatite (CHAP) with different carbon content synthesized by precipitation. The CHAP was characterized and analyzed by TEM、FTIR and XRD. And adsorption was effected by the pH value、CHAP usage、adsorption time and other factors. The results show that under certain conditons, adsorption capacity enhanced with the carbon content increasing.