bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A note on East Australia Group V Stock humpback whale movement between feeding and breeding areas based on photo-identification
Authors: Rock J. , Pastene L. A. , Kaufman G. , Forestell P. , Matsuoka K. , Allen J.
Published: March 2023

Documentation of humpback whale migratory movements between Australasia and the Southern Ocean has been limited almost exclusively to historical whaling data. This study examines photographic evidence documenting the movements of three individual humpback whales between their breeding grounds on the northeast coast of Australia and feeding grounds in Area V of the Southern Ocean. Although these individuals exhibited marked site fidelity to the same low latitude breeding grounds, their sightings in high latitude feeding grounds vary by 35° longitude, confirming dispersal of Eastern Australia Group V Stock humpback whales in the Antarctic feeding ground.
Self-esteem and unconditional acceptance of oneself, in HIV positive people
Authors: Sandu Mihaela Luminita , Calin Mariana Floricica , Fusea Mariana Violeta
Published: March 2023

The present work entitled "Self-esteem and unconditional acceptance of oneself, in seropositive people", highlights the problem of real states, which seropositive people face, to situations and intercessions related to self-esteem. This followed the behavior of HIV positive people, attitudes towards other people or vis-à-vis their own lives. Self-esteem is an element of the self and refers to affective living, to the emotions that the individual experiences when referring to himself. It is a make-up of the cognitive scheme relating to oneself. The idea that self-esteem is one of the factors that are associated with mental health is an integral part of psychology. The level of self can influence the habits and manifestations of the individual, so in the case of a low level the person gives up a succession of attractive goals, such as establishing close interpersonal relationships, choosing desired professions or living a pleasant life full of accomplishments and satisfactions. A low self-esteem can turn a healthy and intelligent person into a powerless person. The transition from a healthy and high self-esteem to a low self-esteem can be achieved by triggering strong mechanisms, in critical situations such as in the case of the presented theme, the establishment of a positive serodiagnostic. This fact causes the person to adopt ub devaluation behavior. The work being focused on self-esteem is designed so as to highlight the main aspects of the subject, so it is structured on chapters as follows in those presented below.
Self-esteem and satisfaction in the workgroup. The postpandemic perspective
Authors: Miloș Constantina-Alina , Sandu Mihaela Luminița
Published: March 2023

The relationship between job satisfaction and self-esteem has been analysed at length by professionals in different fields. Research on the relationship between job satisfaction and self-esteem aims to improve worker productivity. Although research over time includes many different jobs, methods, and test groups, the conclusion is almost unanimous that regardless of job status, there is a strong relationship between job satisfaction and self-esteem.

The research aim is to identify the relationship between the self-esteem of employed people and their satisfaction in the work group. In this sense, we analysed some basic concepts, self-esteem and job satisfaction - the second of its components. The values obtained during the statistical tests carried out showed the existence of a correlation in the selected sample. Such a link is vital for employers to be aware of, as work failures could negatively impact employees with low self-esteem.
Theological and psychological profile of Christian pilgrim
Authors: Rus Mihaela , Rus Ciprian-Vasile
Published: March 2023

Pilgrimage has always been an important element of spiritual and religious life for many people around the world, and this is certainly the case in Christianity. Pilgrimage in the Christian world represents a profound experience of seeking the meaning of life, religious identity, and faith. In this context, the theological and psychological profile of the Christian pilgrim are subjects of great interest. In addition to the literature review provided earlier, there is a growing body of research that focuses on the theological and psychological profiles of Christian pilgrims. Christian pilgrimage is a practice that has a long and rich history in Christianity, and is still a significant aspect of many Christian communities today.
Technology selection in the steel industry based on multi-criteria decision-making models: Fuzzy TOPSIS and AHP
Authors: Moradi Ehsan
Published: March 2023

Since the most significant and most essential effective factor in today’s competitive markets are quality improvement and reduction of the final price of the manufactured products, the present study has aimed to recognize the most important criterion that affect selection of technology and to determine the weight of each of these criteria in order to prioritize the existing alternatives. In order to determine the weight of criteria in this study, the paired comparison survey has been used which has been distributed among 8 of the skilled experts who were members of the technology management team in Khuzestan Steel Company. In order to analyze the answer given by these experts, the AHP decision-making model and EXPERT CHOICE Software have been used. According to the obtained results, we have concluded that among the indexes of technical evaluation of the technology, economic evaluation of the technology, evaluation of legal and strategic limitations of the technology, evaluation of the market of the technology, evaluation of a company’s financial limits and abilities regarding technology selection, the criterion “economic evaluation of technology” is the first priority and the criterion “evaluation of the market of the technology” is the last one. The Fuzzy TOPSIS method has been used in order to rank the technologies. The second survey used in the research have been distributed among 30 skilled experts. The innovation in this research is the fact that it recognizes and prioritizes the technology selection criteria using the AHP[1] technique and uses Fuzzy TOPSIS for selecting the technology. Therefore, the present study proposes a framework to Iranian companies for evaluating different technologies and selecting the suitable one.
David Stanfield's contribution to the comparative study of the Canon of Lekë Dukagjini and the Canon of Dagestan
Authors: Muhadri Besim
Published: March 2023

The Albanian monumental work The Canon of Lekë Dukagjin, or the Albanian Canon, is among the unique works with a humanistic spirit of the European Renaissance period, but also of the entire Albanian ethnoculture. The interests of foreign scholars in the study of this important document are early, but they will intensify especially after its publication as a book in 1933, to continue to the present day. In addition to Europe, studies on the Albanian Code will be "relocated" to the United States and Japan.

In 1996, an interesting study by the Albanian professor Muharrem Dragovaja was published, entitled "Comparative study of the Code of Albania and Dagestan", which provides in detail comparative data on the main customary rights of the Code of Lekë Dukagjini in Albania and the Code of Dagestan in Dagestan. A valuable contribution to the coming to light of this study, undoubtedly has David Stanfield. In his comparative study between the Code of Lekë Dukagjini the Code of Dagestan, Professor M. Dragovaja, where he has examined aspects related to: Family, Marriage, Inheritance, Property, Border, Land Market, Honor and Blood feud etc., where, he has drawn some important findings.

The comparisons drawn in this study give readers the opportunity to draw “conclusions about common curious elements that have evolved into customary rules of conduct and customs in mountainous Christian and Islamic communities from countries as far away as the Caucasus and the Balkans.
Concept Retention among Senior High School Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) Students Exposed to a Strategic Intervention Material (SIM)
Authors: Paco Selma , Linaugo Joji
Published: March 2023

Using strategic intervention materials (SIM) in Science class is essential for achieving students' needed competencies, which they could have succeeded in regular classroom instruction. This study examines the retention of concepts among Grade 11 learners in Central Philippines after exposure to teacher-made Strategic Intervention Materials (SIMs). It utilized the Quasi-Experimental Research Design, Post-test Post-Post-Test, Experimental Group only design. To determin0e the significant difference in the level of proficiency right after and a semester after exposure to SIMs intervention Wilcoxon signed-rank test for paired samples was employed. Results showed that the SIMs helped students exceed the core knowledge, skills, and understanding requirements. Learning is best transferred through authentic performance tasks which made retention of Science concepts evident.0
Russian Federation - from strength to weakness, from West to East, from a permanent member to a potential outsider
Authors: Lupu Mădălina Elena
Published: March 2023

This article focuses on the Russian Federation as a state in between strength and weakness, West and East, a permanent member and a potential outsider. It begins with the Russian decline in power, using as measurable indicators the five dimensions of security promoted by the Copenhagen School of security studies. It continues with Russian foreign policy reconfigured from West to East and with proposals regarding the United Nations reform and the establishment of a new Special Court to sanction the Russian political and military leader’s crime aggression against Ukraine. In the end, the scenario method is a research method. We advance three possible scenarios: the most likely scenario for the Russian state that is based on the Russian state defeat, war reparations imposed and accountability for political and military leaders; the worst-case scenario that involves the tactical nuclear weapons use in Ukraine and an international answer accordingly and the optimistic scenario for the Russian state that involves winning the war, but without international recognition and legitimacy for victory.
Administrative Inefficiency and The United States Healthcare System
Authors: Patel Parthay , Barton Joshua
Published: March 2023

Administrative inefficiency undermines the US healthcare system by inflating the cost while reducing the quality of care. The snowball effect ultimately costs time and money to both the patients and the health care professionals alike. An exhaustive literature search identified administrative complexity inherent to the multi-payer system and the lack of incentive by firms to economize due to misaligned incentives as the primary cause of administrative inefficiency in the US. Administrative complexity has also been shown to deter lower-income and marginalized populations from getting access to care leading to a poor health matrix. Similarly, misaligned incentives result in a ballooning of health care expenditure. It is only sensible to infer that a multi-faceted approach would be needed to address administrative inefficiencies. First, legislation at the federal level is necessary to improve standardization and simplification of all health administrative activities, e.g., prior authorization, quality reporting, etc. Additionally, the promotion of proper economic incentives through legislation can be used to reduce market failures that exist in healthcare while providing the financial pressure for firms to streamline administrative tasks. Second, the promotion of high-productivity innovation, which is disruptive, is necessary to reduce costs, which improves administrative efficiency. Legislation should take guidance from other successful healthcare systems which demonstrate efficiency, e.g., the Netherlands. However, this should be done with utmost attention to the current climate of the US Healthcare system. Similarly, health care innovation should be done with an eye on practicality and cost reduction.
A Circular Economy for O'ahu's Management of Single-Use Plastics
Authors: Watanabe Natsuki , Sklarew Dann
Published: March 2023

Ever since Single-Use Plastics (SUPs) became a ubiquitous part of our daily lives, societal emphasis has generally been on downstream management – such as recycling efforts and cleanups – of SUP waste. Less attention has been given to upstream management, such as extended producer responsibility (EPR), assigning producers the stewardship responsibility at the end-of-life of their products. Life cycle assessment (LCA) is helpful in initiating upstream management by assessing the ecological impact at every stage of a product, from the extraction of raw materials to packaging and use to the end-of-life management. Understanding the life cycle of SUPs is critical to mitigating the unsustainability issues that SUPs create. The complexity of SUP pathways across human settlements makes it difficult to conduct LCAs as precursor to designing and realizing a more circular economy. Thus, island settlements may provide insightful implications due to fewer points of SUP entry and removal than vast, interconnected continental communities. Therefore, islands may serve as useful models to investigate, critique, and address negative externalities revealed by LCAs. This study focuses on the island of O‘ahu in the state of Hawai‘i and a simplified life cycle assessment is conducted for the most prevalent SUPs. After quantitative and qualitative data are analyzed, circular economy approaches for SUP management on the island are identified, described, and assessed for applicability to O‘ahu’s context.
Is nuclear deterrence superior to conventional deterrence?
Authors: Song Sung Hoon , Weiss Greg
Published: March 2023

After the development of the atomic and hydrogen weapons, nuclear deterrence has been commonly viewed as the ultimate form of deterrence among civilians and politicians. Throughout the Cold War and even in the present, various nations strived to initiate their nuclear weapons program to enhance national security and presence in international affairs. However, has our fear of nuclear weapons blinded us from objectively evaluating its effectiveness in deterring conflicts and wars? This paper aims to evaluate nuclear deterrence and conventional deterrence to determine which is effective. Components of deterrence are discussed to determine the characteristics of nuclear and conventional deterrence. In addition, various historical events and defense technologies are analyzed.
THE IMPLEMENTATIONOF STUNTINGHANDLING POLICY IN GORONTALO REGENCY LIMBOTO HEALTH CENTER
Authors: Bakari Lisnawaty , Jusuf Muhammad Isman , Malaha Adnan
Published: March 2023

This research aims to 1) know the implementation of stunting handling policies in Gorontalo Regency Limboto Health Center. 2) know the factors that affect the implementation of stunting handling policies in Gorontalo Regency Limboto Health Center.

The results showed that 1) Implementation of stunting treatment policies in Limboto Health Center Gorontalo regency has been going well, specific nutritional intervention activities with the target of pregnant women, specific nutritional intervention activities with the target of breastfeeding mothers and children under 6 months of age, Specific nutritional intervention activities with the target of breastfeeding mothers and children aged over 6 to 23 and sensitive nutrition intervention activities with community targets, in handling Stunting in Limboto Health Center Gorontalo regency have all gone well. 2) Human resources in terms of quantity that needs to be addressed are the number of human resources available, it is necessary to add human resources so that there is no double position and the quality of human resources quality is good in accordance with their respective competencies.The obstacle is that cross-program communication is not optimal because sometimes there are village midwives who are not present for communication to break up and affect the acceleration of stunting handling. In addition, there are differences in the number of stunting data in each village. Sometimes the overall number of stunting sufferers is not known by midwives as the person in charge of the village. The solution is to improve more effective communication related to handling stunting to be an inhibitory factor in implementation, while disposition and bureaucratic structure become factors supporting the implementation of stunting handling policies in Gorontalo Regency Limboto Health Center.
Simulation and Experimental Analysis of Battery Types for Light Electric Vehicle
Authors: Mrs. Priyanka B. Chawhan  , Mrs. Suvidha Kamble  , Mr. Shrikant K. Nanwatkar  , Mr. Ravikant K. Nanwatkar
Published: March 2023

Now-a-days it can be seen that most of people are focusing on cycling for exercising and short distance travelling due to unhygienic lifestyles and increase in environmental pollution and its harmful effect on human. Looking at such circumstances this paper is focused on to generate electrical energy produced by the person via paddling and later consume the same energy for automatic running of the cycle. The demand for Electric Bikes is growing throughout the world due its characteristics of zero emission effects and longer life cycle. An electric bicycle uses electric motors for the purpose of moving which run on different types of Batteries. These batteries undergo many charging and recharging cycles in running conditions. By use of various non-conventional energy sources various batteries worked as energy storage units can be charged which will reduce the required amount of external energy for charging the batteries which will also reduce the use of fossil fuels and also will help to reduce the environmental pollution. The theme of paper is comprised in two sections, in first part a paddling mechanism is proposed which will do the energy conversion from mechanical to electrical and in later part the stored electrical energy is converted into mechanical energy to run cycle on charged batteries. A comparative analysis is also proposed for different batteries to find out efficient types in terms of economic aspects such as cost, thermal runaway, etc. in this work an electric generation mechanism by paddling the cycle is proposed for specified amount of time and based on that the generated electricity is calculated to be stored in battery for charging. Further the simulation results using MATLAB/Simulink has been analyzed for the proposed electric bicycle with different types of batteries, to study the various characteristics of the proposed set up with variation of battery parameters and distance covered by the cycle.
Thulium Fiber Laser: game changer or marketing hype?
Authors: González-Cuenca Eduardo , Razvi Hassan
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Description: The Holmium: yttrium-aluminum-garnet (Ho:YAG) laser has become the gold-standard intracorporeal lithotripsy device since it was first introduced in the 1980’s.  More recently, the Thulium Fiber Laser (TFL) was introduced into the clinical setting, with the potential to address some of the inherent limitations with Ho:YAG devices. In particular, early experience suggested the TFL provided enhanced dusting and fragmenting capabilities, less retropulsion and better stone free rates compared to the Ho:YAG laser.
Relevance: Should the initial claims of the TFL’s better dusting properties be confirmed, this would be a significant advancement in the field. The ability to dust larger stones more rapidly could enhance the role of ureteroscopy and reduce the need for more invasive procedures.
Conclusion: The initial experience with the TFL is promising and suggests an advantage over Ho:YAG laser lithotripsy. Properly conducted prospective randomized trials are required to further delineate the advantages, disadvantages and to optimize patient outcomes.
Teoria Unificata delle 4 forze: Il Vuoto, il Potenziale Quantico e le Onde Scalari che creano la vita!
Authors: Fabbroni Roberto
Published: March 2023

Scopo di questo articolo è quello di fornire una spiegazione plausibile del fatto che le 4 Forze in natura che fanno già parte di una Teoria Unificata, assieme al Potenziale Quantico (Q), sono parte, o magari l’essenza, a mio avviso, di quello che viene chiamato Campo Scalare o Campo di Higgs. La proposta di tale Teoria va al di là di un formalismo matematico che è il limite attuale della riuscita di una teoria riconosciuta da tutti ma si palesa in un contesto analitico riconosciuto da tempo, grazie ad elementi significativi e certi emersi fino ad oggi. Lo sforzo di fornire questo indirizzo è anche supportato dai risultati applicativi che emergono in fase di trattamenti energetici attraverso il Metodo Summa Aurea® all’interno di quella che è la proposta di una Nuova Medicina, la “Medicina Integrativa Informazionale-MII”, che è un ulteriore livello di integrazione della medicina, in quanto basa le terapie e i trattamenti che svolge, sulla necessaria conoscenza e Consapevolezza dell’Energia-Informata che, da un punto di vista scientifico, è la base di tutto ciò che esiste in natura, esseri umani compresi. Comprendere quindi che ogni stato di malessere è una disarmonia energetica e come tale, conoscendo il funzionamento dell’energia, si può interagire sulle frequenze disarmoniche per tendere verso il ripristino delle condizioni di benessere in modo non invasivo e senza effetti collaterali. Questo è quanto tenteremo di spiegare in questo articolo.
PREDIKSI HARGA LOGAM MULIA DENGAN PENDEKATAN ALGORITHMA NAÏVE BAYES DAN PSO
Authors: Sri Indriyani  , Muhamad Fatchan  , Andri Firmansyah
Published: March 2023

Emas salah satu logam mulia berwarna kuning yang dapat ditempa dan dapat dibentuk yang bernilai tinggi. Emas merupakan nilai tukar yang digunakan di zama dahulu sebelum adanya uang seperti saat ini. Emas juga bisa dijadikan sebagai investasi emas yang bisa menguntungkan dan hanya memiliki sedikit resiko. Saat ini emas dibagi menjadi  dua jenis yaitu emas untuk perhiasan dan emas untuk investasi. Investasi dalam emas yaitu investasi saham emas atau emas berjangka. Algoritma Naive Bayes Pengklasifikasi bayesian merupakan pengklasifikasi statistik dan didasarkan pada teorema bayes. Dari hasil pengujian data sampel yang diutarakn yaitu sebanyak 120 data , kemudian hasil dari data emas menyatakan tingkat ke accuracy, recall dan persicion naïve bayes, tingkat accurcy 84.17 %, Recall 84,21 % dan Percision 82.76 %
El circ romà de Tarragona, monument i ciutat = El Circo romano de Tarragona. Monumento y ciudad = The Roman Circus of Tarragona. Monument and city
Authors: Macias Solé Josep Maria , Puche Fontanilles Josep Maria , Solà-Morales Serra Pau de , Toldrà Domingo Josep Maria , Fernández Pino Iván , Ferré Boltà Anna , Andreu Aguadé Josuè
Published: March 2023

This book is the result of a teaching and research project carried out by members of the Catalan Institute of Classical Archaeology (ICAC) and the Technical School of Architecture (ETSA) of the Rovira i Virgili University (URV). Both institutions have joined forces to set up an interdisciplinary working space that provides university teaching and research with their own unique personality. Students and teachers alike have participated in the documentation and analysis of the Roman Circus of Tarragona. With a surface area of four hectares, its omnipresence makes it a heritage reality immanent in a significant part of the contemporary historical centre. Since the 5th century, the Circus has undergone a process of transformation which, from an urbanistic point of view, ended in the 14th century with the city's expansión. Tarraco's Roman Circus is an excellent case study for developing this learning and methodological experimentation strategy. It is the result of 1900 years of history that allows us to understand the appearance of today's city as the result of an involuntary process of urban planning determinism. That is to say, we can identify and understand the medieval, modern or contemporary city by identifying the Circus’ substratum.
ظاهرة الاتّساع اللّغوي واعتماد الإمام الغزالي عليها في تأويلاته
Authors: Kattan Ahmed Nureddin
Published: March 2023

شغلت ظاهرة الاتساع اللغوي اهتمام علماء اللغة من نحاة وبلاغيين ولغويين؛ فقد أشاروا إليها في مؤلفاتهم وذكروها ضمن سَنن العرب وعاداتهم في الكلام؛ وغاية هذا البحث هي تسليط الضوء على هذه الظاهرة من خلال عرض موجز الاتّساع اللغوي، وتحريره وعرض آراء علماء اللغة في هذه الظاهرة؛ كما تروم هذه الدراسة أيضا للكشف عن هذه الظاهرة لدى علم من أعلام الفكر الإسلامي وحجة الإسلام الإمام الغزالي؛ من أجل الوقوف على طريقة تناوله لهذه الظاهرة وكيفية تعويله عليها في العديد من المواضع في الكثير من مؤلفاته؛ ولهذا تضمنت هذه الدراسة الحديث عن حدود الاتساع اللغوي من وجهة نظر الإمام الغزالي وما المقبول منها وما المرفوض برأيه؛ كما وقفتْ على معيار التأويل لديه فيما جرى له توسع أو تجوز وعلى أهمية الاستعمال اللغوي في معرفة هذه الظاهرة؛ وأخيرًا عرضت هذه الدراسة بعض النماذج التي اعتمد الإمام الغزالي فيها على هذه الظاهرة لتأويل بعض دلالات الألفاظ وفي تحميلها معان غير المعاني الظاهرة، ووقفتْ على مدى اتساق ما ذهب إليه الإمام الغزالي من آراء مع استعمال اللغة وسنن العرب في الكلام.
VEREJNÉ PRIESTORY: POZÍCIA VEREJNÝCH PRIESTOROV V PROCESE ÚZEMNÉHO PLÁNOVANIA
Authors: Kadášová Zuzana
Published: March 2023

Problematika verejných priestorov sa stala multidisciplinárnym fenoménom sídelného rozvoja 21. storočia. Dynamické zahusťovanie a rozrastanie vidieckych a mestských štruktúr čoraz intenzívnejšie indikuje potrebu komplexného prístupu k riešeniu verejných priestorov na legislatívnej úrovni. Územné plánovanie v SR sa v praxi nezaoberá verejnými priestormi, ich definovaním, vymedzením, koncepciou, hierarchiou, teda verejnými priestormi ako takými. Verejné priestory sú v územných plánoch miest a obcí redukované na koridory primárne vymedzené trasovaním dopravných a inžinierskych stavieb, sekundárne na "zbytkové priestory" lokalizované v rámci existujúcej a navrhovanej zástavby. A práve územný plán ako záväzný dokument sídelného rozvoja by mal mať ambíciu stať sa efektívnym koncepčným a strategickým nástrojom vytvárajúcim legislatívny rámec pre ich plánovanie a realizáciu v praxi.
Analysis rendezvous-based techniques relate to power conservation
Authors: Agus Waryanto  , Antonius Juniadhi Soekendar  , Ely Andra Widharta  , Greget Widhiati  , Irdha Yunianto
Published: March 2023

Power conservation is a vibrant area of research on wireless sensor networks. Several research papers have shown that using mobile sync in the sensor field, which collects data from sensor nodes via single or multi-hop communication, can save significant energy. However, sinks move slowly, which increases sensor network delays, especially in delay-sensitive applications. To address this issue, various rendezvous-based techniques are described in which a subset of sensor nodes are selected from the field as rendezvous points (RPs). The remaining nodes transfer the captured data to the next RP, where the data is buffered. The RP is then used to build a path for the mobile sink to tour and collect the buffered data. This article describes various rendezvous-based techniques and analyzes their strengths and weaknesses in terms of energy savings.
High electric current and hours can increase layer thickness and decrease white rust corrosion using Zn2+ electroplating
Authors: Slamet Riyadi  , Yanuar Zulardiansyah Arief  , Antonius Darma Setiawan  , Agung Pangestu  , Rosyid Ridlo Al-Hakim
Published: March 2023

Electroplating was the process of coating metal surfaces using the electrochemical method. We used alkaline zinc (Zn2+) plating that was anti-corrosion coating, cheapest, evenly adhesion, as well as better-looking crushing. This study aims to test and measure the thickness of the layer on spark plugs with variations in different electrical currents 300, 400, and 500A and increased hours during the coating process, investigate the corrosion resistance of white rust on the surface and analyze the changes in alkaline zinc concentration and temperature that affect the thickness of the layer, respectively. The results, such as 1st sample 13 pcs, 300A, and thickness of 7.26-micron with white rust 9 pcs. 2nd sample 13 pcs, 400A, and thickness of 9.15-micron white rust 5 pcs. 3rd sample 13 pcs, 500A, and thickness of 12.75-micron white rust 3 pcs. The high electric current (500A) and 45 hours of the experiment would influence the lowest white rust corrosion level. The high alkaline zinc solution with an optimum 36°C solution temperature and 500A electric current would undoubtedly deposit the white rust until 3 pcs.
Impacts of estimated plume rise on PM2.5 exceedance prediction during extreme wildfire events: a comparison of three schemes (Briggs, Freitas, and Sofiev)
Authors: Li Yunyao , Tong Daniel , Ma Siqi , Freitas Saulo R. , Ahmadov Ravan , Sofiev Mikhail , Zhang Xiaoyang , Kondragunta Shobha , Kahn Ralph , Tang Youhua , Baker Barry , Campbell Patrick , Saylor Rick , Grell Georg , Li Fangjun
Published: March 2023

Abstract. Plume height plays a vital role in wildfire smoke dispersion and the subsequent effects on air quality and human health. In this study, we assess the impact of different plume rise schemes on predicting the dispersion of wildfire air pollution and the exceedances of the National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS) for fine particulate matter (PM2.5) during the 2020 western United States wildfire season. Three widely used plume rise schemes (Briggs, 1969; Freitas et al., 2007; Sofiev et al., 2012) are compared within the Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) modeling framework. The plume heights simulated by these schemes are comparable to the aerosol height observed by the Multi-angle Imaging SpectroRadiometer (MISR) and Cloud-Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observations (CALIPSO). The performance of the simulations with these schemes varies by fire case and weather conditions. On average, simulations with higher plume injection heights predict lower aerosol optical depth (AOD) and surface PM2.5 concentrations near the source region but higher AOD and PM2.5 in downwind regions due to the faster spread of the smoke plume once ejected. The 2-month mean AOD difference caused by different plume rise schemes is approximately 20 %–30 % near the source regions and 5 %–10 % in the downwind regions. Thick smoke blocks sunlight and suppresses photochemical reactions in areas with high AOD. The surface PM2.5 difference reaches 70 % on the West Coast of the USA, and the difference is lower than 15 % in the downwind regions. Moreover, the plume injection height affects pollution exceedance (>35 µg m−3) predictions. Higher plume heights generally produce larger downwind PM2.5 exceedance areas. The PM2.5 exceedance areas predicted by the three schemes largely overlap, suggesting that all schemes perform similarly during large wildfire events when the predicted concentrations are well above the exceedance threshold. At the edges of the smoke plumes, however, there are noticeable differences in the PM2.5 concentration and predicted PM2.5 exceedance region. For the whole period of study, the difference in the total number of exceedance days could be as large as 20 d in northern California and 4 d in the downwind regions. This disagreement among the PM2.5 exceedance forecasts may affect key decision-making regarding early warning of extreme air pollution episodes at local levels during large wildfire events.
Zooplankton community succession and trophic links during a mesocosm experiment in the coastal upwelling off Callao Bay (Peru)
Authors: Ayón Dejo Patricia , Pinedo Arteaga Elda Luz , Schukat Anna , Taucher Jan , Kiko Rainer , Hauss Helena , Dorschner Sabrina , Hagen Wilhelm , Segura-Noguera Mariona , Lischka Silke
Published: March 2023

Abstract. The Humboldt Current Upwelling System (HCS) is the most productive eastern boundary upwelling system (EBUS) in terms of fishery yield on the planet. EBUSs are considered hotspots of climate change with predicted expansion of mesopelagic oxygen minimum zones (OMZs) and related changes in the frequency and intensity of upwelling of nutrient-rich, low-oxygen deep water. To increase our mechanistic understanding of how upwelling impacts plankton communities and trophic links, we investigated mesozooplankton community succession and gut fluorescence, fatty acid and elemental compositions (C, N, O, P), and stable isotope (δ13C, δ15N) ratios of dominant mesozooplankton and microzooplankton representatives in a mesocosm setup off Callao (Peru) after simulated upwelling with OMZ water from two different locations and different N:P signatures (moderate and extreme treatments). An oxycline between 5 and 15 m with hypoxic conditions (<50 µmol L−1) below ∼10 m persisted in the mesocosms throughout the experiment. No treatment effects were determined for the measured parameters, but differences in nutrient concentrations established through OMZ water additions were only minor. Copepods and polychaete larvae dominated in terms of abundance and biomass. Development and reproduction of the dominant copepod genera Paracalanus sp., Hemicyclops sp., Acartia sp., and Oncaea sp. were hindered as evident from accumulation of adult copepodids but largely missing nauplii. Failed hatching of nauplii in the hypoxic bottom layer of the mesocosms and poor nutritional condition of copepods suggested from very low gut fluorescence and fatty acid compositions most likely explain the retarded copepod development. Correlation analysis revealed no particular trophic relations between dominant copepods and phytoplankton groups. Possibly, particulate organic matter with a relatively high C:N ratio was a major diet of copepods. C:N ratios of copepods and polychaetes ranged 4.8–5.8 and 4.2–4.3, respectively. δ15N was comparatively high (∼13 ‰–17 ‰), potentially because the injected OMZ source water was enriched in δ15N as a result of anoxic conditions. Elemental ratios of dinoflagellates deviated strongly from the Redfield ratio. We conclude that opportunistic feeding of copepods may have played an important role in the pelagic food web. Overall, projected changes in the frequency and intensity of upwelling hypoxic waters may make a huge difference for copepod reproduction and may be further enhanced by varying N:P ratios of upwelled OMZ water masses.
Atmospheric deposition of reactive nitrogen to a deciduous forest in the southern Appalachian Mountains
Authors: Walker John T. , Chen Xi , Wu Zhiyong , Schwede Donna , Daly Ryan , Djurkovic Aleksandra , Oishi A. Christopher , Edgerton Eric , Bash Jesse , Knoepp Jennifer , Puchalski Melissa , Iiames John , Miniat Chelcy F.
Published: March 2023

Abstract. Assessing nutrient critical load exceedances requires
complete and accurate atmospheric deposition budgets for reactive nitrogen
(Nr). The exceedance is the total amount of Nr deposited to the
ecosystem in excess of the critical load, which is the amount of Nr
input below which harmful effects do not occur. Total deposition includes
all forms of Nr (i.e., organic and inorganic) deposited to the
ecosystem by wet and dry pathways. Here we present results from the Southern
Appalachian Nitrogen Deposition Study (SANDS), in which a combination of
measurements and field-scale modeling was used to develop a complete annual
Nr deposition budget for a deciduous forest at the Coweeta Hydrologic
Laboratory. Wet deposition of ammonium, nitrate, nitrite, and bulk organic N
were measured directly. The dry deposited Nr fraction was estimated
using a bidirectional resistance-based model driven with speciated
measurements of Nr air concentrations (e.g., ammonia, ammonium aerosol,
nitric acid, nitrate aerosol, bulk organic N in aerosol, total alkyl
nitrates, and total peroxy nitrates), micrometeorology, canopy structure,
and biogeochemistry. Total annual deposition was ∼ 6.7 kg N ha−1 yr−1, which is on the upper end of Nr critical load estimates
recently developed for similar ecosystems in the nearby Great Smoky Mountains
National Park. Of the total (wet + dry) budget, 51.1 % was contributed
by reduced forms of Nr (NHx = ammonia + ammonium), with
oxidized and organic forms contributing ∼ 41.3 % and 7.6 %,
respectively. Our results indicate that reductions in NHx deposition
would be needed to achieve the lowest estimates (∼ 3.0 kg N ha−1 yr−1) of Nr critical loads in southern Appalachian forests.
Measurement report: Source apportionment and environmental impacts of VOCs in Lhasa, a highland city in China
Authors: Ye Chunxiang , Guo Shuzheng , Lin Weili , Tian Fangjie , Wang Jianshu , Zhang Chong , Chi Suzhen , Chen Yi , Zhang Yingjie , Zeng Limin , Li Xin , Bu Duo , Zhou Jiacheng , Zhao Weixiong
Published: March 2023

Abstract. Hypoxia and adverse health outcomes might be complexed with O3 pollution in the highland city of Lhasa. NOx emissions can amplify the role of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in the secondary production of O3 under the conditions of high ultraviolet (UV) radiation levels and unfavourable dispersion patterns in the Lhasa River valley. Here, online C2-C11 VOC measurements, accompanied by other parameters concerning the O3 chemical budget, were first obtained and employed to identify the key VOC species and key sources of VOCs in terms of the loss rate against OH radicals (LOH), ozone formation potential (OFP), secondary organic aerosol potential (SOAP) and toxicity. Oxygenated VOCs (OVOCs) were not only the most abundant VOCs but also dominated LOH, OFP and toxicity. Isoprene and anthropogenic VOCs were further identified as precursors of these OVOCs. Aromatics accounted for 5 % of the total VOCs (TVOCs) but contributed 88 % to the SOAP and 10 % to the toxicity. As the primary oxidative intermediates of aromatics were not well characterized by our measurements, the environmental impact of aromatics could be underestimated by our data. Source appointment and ternary analysis of benzene, toluene, and ethylbenzene confirmed the combined contribution of traffic emissions, solvent usage and biomass burning. This suggests that O3 precursors are mainly from residents’ life associated sources, except for solvent usage emissions which contribute to aromatic. Preliminary comparisons between source spectrums of transport sector emissions with PMF decomposed ones and our measured ones suggest that vehicle emission patterns of VOCs at high altitude generally follows the ground-level impression. More quantitative data is required to further confirm this point though. Emission reduction strategy analysis for O3 pollution control highlighted multiple benefits of the simultaneous reduction in NOx originating from diesel vehicle emissions and biomass burning and background sources (possibly dominated by incense burning). The notable biogenic emission contribution to the OFP was also first confirmed in our study, and this highlights the side effects of the government’s pursuit of a greener city.
Assimilation of sea surface salinities from SMOS in an Arctic coupled ocean and sea ice reanalysis
Authors: Xie Jiping , Raj Roshin P. , Bertino Laurent , Martínez Justino , Gabarró Carolina , Catany Rafael
Published: March 2023

Abstract. In the Arctic, the sea surface salinity (SSS) plays a key role in processes related to water mixing and sea ice. However, the lack of salinity
observations causes large uncertainties in Arctic Ocean forecasts and reanalysis. Recently the Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity (SMOS) satellite
mission was used by the Barcelona Expert Centre to develop an Arctic SSS product. In this study, we evaluate the impact of assimilating this data in
a coupled ocean–ice data assimilation system. Using the deterministic ensemble Kalman filter from July to December 2016, two assimilation runs
respectively assimilated two successive versions of the SMOS SSS product on top of a pre-existing reanalysis run. The runs were validated against
independent in situ salinity profiles in the Arctic. The results show that the biases and the root-mean-squared differences (RMSD) of SSS are
reduced by 10 % to 50 % depending on the area and highlight the importance of assimilating satellite salinity data. The time series of
freshwater content (FWC) further shows that its seasonal cycle can be adjusted by assimilation of the SSS products, which is encouraging of the
assimilation of SSS in a long-time reanalysis to better reproduce the Arctic water cycle.
Assessing lidar-assisted feedforward and multivariable feedback controls for large floating wind turbines
Authors: Guo Feng , Schlipf David
Published: March 2023

Abstract. We assess the performances of two control strategies on the IEA 15 MW reference floating wind turbine throughOpenFAST simulations. The multivariable feedback controller tuned by the toolbox of the Reference Open Source Controller(ROSCO) is considered the benchmark for comparison. We then tune the feedback gains for the multi-variable controller,considering two cases: with and without lidar-assisted feedforward control. The tuning process is performed using OpenFASTsimulations considering realistic offshore turbulence spectral parameters. We reveal that the optimally tuned controllers arerobust to changes in turbulence parameters caused by atmospheric stability variations. Compared to the baseline multivariablecontroller, the one with optimal tuning significantly reduced the tower damage equivalent load, which results in a lifetimeextension of 19.2 years. With the assistance of feedforward control provided by a typical four-beam lidar, compared with theoptimally tuned MVFB control, the lifetime of the tower can be extended by 5.1 years.
Structure and surface properties of high-energy cathode materials for alkali ion batteries
Authors:   , Jenkins Tristram
Published: March 2023

Alkali-ion batteries, namely Li-ion batteries, are the world’s most ubiquitous energy storage technology, but limitations in electrode capacity and lifespan hinder further deployment. To address this, improved design of cathode materials is required. This thesis examines the link between the surface electronic properties of high-energy cathode materials and real-world battery performance. Using computational and experimental approaches, alkali vanadium (III) phosphates were investigated as cathode coatings, leading to enhanced electrochemical performance of high-energy cathode material, Li1.2Mn0.54Ni0.13Co0.13O2. These outcomes establish that electronic alignment of surface coatings and active material can boost battery performance, offering an innovative design methodology for future battery development.
أثر التغير في المناخ على البيئة العمرانية في الكويت
Authors:   مدرب في الهيئة العامة للتعليم التطبيقي والتدريب، دولة الكويت, نصيب أحمد
Published: March 2023

يهدف هذا البحث إلى رصد تأثير المناخ على البيئة العمرانية ومدى التغير الملموس في هذه البيئة لمواكبة التغيرات المناخية بالإضافة إلى رصد الأفكار والحلول والمعالجات التي تناسب العوامل البيئية وأثر ذلك في رفع معايير جودة الحياة للمشروع. تعتمد الدراسة على المنهج الوصفي التحليلي لرصد الأدبيات اللازمة لكافة العناصر ورصد تأثير المناخ وتغيراته على البيئة العمرانية في الكويت. وحيث إن الآثار المترتبة على تغير المناخ قد باتت تشكل محل اهتمام كبير للدول وأصبح البحث عن تدابير وحلول ثمة كثير من التحركات سواء كانت اقتصادية او علمية او اجتماعية ولما كان المناخ الطبيعي مصدر من مصادر استقرار الإنسان في السعي لنشاطه الطبيعي والبحث عن المأوى والسكن و إنشاء مجتمع عمراني فان التغير في هذا المناخ يؤدي إلى خلل في عناصر البيئة العمرانية لذا كان على مصمم هذه البيئة أن يضع في اعتباره التغير الحادث وأن يدرس سبل التغلب على هذا والبحث عن حلول تربط الإنسان مصدر العمران بالبيئة المحيطة به من خلال تفاعل دائم تكون مخرجاته بيئة آمنة صالحة لمواكبة تغير المناخ. وحيث ان دولة الكويت من الدول التي تقع ضمن الدول ذات التغير المناخي الملحوظ في درجات الحرارة والرياح والعواصف كان لزاما علينا كباحثين التقدم في مزيد من أبحاث تتكامل فيما بينها لتخرج لنا تصور كامل عن مستقبل البيئة العمرانية مع تغير هذا المناخ وتدرس هذه الورقة البحثية من خلال متن البحث عن سبل لإجراء عملية مواكبة تغير المناخ مع تخطيط البيئة العمرانية بالإضافة إلى متابعة مجهودات الدولة وتحديد الثغرات.
التشوهات المعرفية لدى الشباب وعلاقتها بالإدمان
Authors:   ماجستير علم نفس، جامعة جازان، المملكة العربية السعودية, الأسمري محمد
Published: March 2023

تعتبر مرحلة الشباب هي مرحلة النضج واكتمال قدرات في التحكم للعمليات العقلية والسلوكية، منها أنماط التفكير والضبط الانفعالي في السلوك وردة الفعل، وتهتم المجتمعات اليوم بفئة الشباب والاعتناء بهم والحرص على مستقبلهم وصحتهم العقلية والسلوكية. ويواجه الشباب في البيئة التعليمية وخاصة مرحلتي التعليم الثانوي والجامعي الكثير من المشكلات والتحديات وضغوطات الحياة اليومية نتيجة التطور التكنولوجي (التقني)، قد يدفع البعض منهم إلى دائرة الإدمان بسبب ذاتي او رفقاء السوء، بمبرر الهروب من الضغوطات والقلق الاجتماعي، ويولد لديهم تشوهات معرفية وأفكار غير منطقية، فإنها قد تؤثر تأثيرًا سلبيًا في شخصيتهم وسلوكهم والمجتمع المنتمي اليه. وقد سعى الباحث في دراسته إلى الاهتمام بفئة الشباب والتعرف عن العلاقة بين التشوهات المعرفية والإدمان، ويهدف البحث الحالي إلى وضع اليات لمواجهة التشوهات المعرفية لدى الشباب. حيث استخدم الباحث المنهج الوصفي التحليلي، وتكونت العينة من (130) شابًا وشابة تم اختيارهم عشوائياً. واقتصرت أدوات البحث الحالي على مقياسي التشوهات المعرفية للشباب من (إعداد: الباحث)، كما توصل الباحث إلى وجود علاقة ارتباطية طردية بين التشوهات المعرفية لدى الشباب وتعاطي المؤثرات العقلية المسببة للإدمان. كما أوصى الباحث أيضا إلى الإنصات للشباب ومنحهم وقتًا واهتمامًا لتكوين الأفكار الإيجابية، والاهتمام بعقد ندوات وورش العمل في مجال الإرشاد والتوعية للحد من مخاطر الإدمان والتشوهات المعرفية وتعزيز أنماط التفكير الإيجابي.
Considerations on the application of the procedure for conditional suspension of the criminal prosecution
Authors: Pavel-Guzun Irina
Published: March 2023

Special procedures are rules ensuring access to simpler procedural means and forms for litigants, with the aim of speeding up proceedings in order to ensure speedy resolution of cases and efficient administration of justice. Since the conditional suspension of criminal proceedings is a distinct procedural institution, which implies the temporary suspension, by the prosecutor, of the activity of gathering evidence through evidentiary means and procedures, without the decisive or definitive resolution of the case under investigation, it becomes necessary to study the procedure in question, all the more so since it is noted that it has become obsolete over time. It should be noted that the DEX defines suspension as interruption, (temporary) suppression, this meaning being also the one attributed by the legislator [1]. This article analyses the provisions in force relating to the institution in question, the grounds, the procedure, the deadlines and the actions taken by the state representatives to implement the institution. Special emphasis is placed on the analysis of the results of empirical field studies among judges, prosecutors and lawyers. Last but not least, recommendations have been proposed as a matter of law.
European standards on migration and peculiarities specific to the Republic of Moldova
Authors: Frumusachi Victor
Published: March 2023

The developed countries are trying to broaden the regulatory base on migration, to control this phenomenon, despite legal regulations on border crossings, restrictions and security and safety measures. In the broader profile of Republic of Moldova’s interests in guaranteeing the rights of its citizens abroad and creating the necessary mechanisms for the more active participation of the state in migration processes as several international treaties related to migration have been ratified. The multitude of aspects regarding the national migration standards are regulated mainly by the Law no. 200 of July 16th, 2010 on the regime of foreigners in the Republic of Moldova and the Law no. 270 of December 18th, 2008 on asylum in the Republic of Moldova, obviously without excluding other related normative acts. The targeted norms legally cover the normative elements of the crime of organizing illegal migration, provided by the article 3621 of the Criminal Procedure of the Republic of Moldova, being as form.