bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Application of air ionization in refrigerant storage of grapes refuse, boiled with starch syrup, in marshmallow technology
Authors: Akishin D V , Maslova M V , Grosheva E V , Krivolapov I P , Tugaryova V V
Published: November 2021

Experimental data on the change in the number and species composition of microorganisms in the atmosphere have been provided. These includes the changes on the walls of refrigeration chambers and on the surface of berries of the grape varieties Preobrazhenie and Livia when stored in a refrigerating chamber with a normal and ionized atmosphere. It was shown that the use of an ionized atmosphere with a concentration of positive aeroions of 0.25… 0.48 × 1 × 103 cm3 and negative aeroions of 0.11… 0.25 × 1 × 103 cm3 helped to reduce the overall microbiota contamination in a storage atmosphere by 94.7%. This happened on the surface of the walls and structures of the refrigerating chamber by 100% and on the surface of berries of the grape varieties Preobrazhenie and Livia by 95.6% and 97.1%, respectively.
Optimal composition of poultry balls based on natural brown flax bran
Authors: Suhareva T N , Babushkin V A , Ratushny A S , Toporkova K I , Tolstova N Yu
Published: November 2021

The paper established that depending on the number of natural brown flax bran and squash the prefabricated poultry meat does not significantly change its indicators, but the most optimal is sample No. 2 – with the replacement of the wheat bread norm with 50% natural brown flax bran; with the replacement of the water norm with 50% squash – Kurazh. The content of amino acids in Kurazh balls was higher than in the control sample, which indicates their biological value and quality. The study of the content of such acute deficient amino acids as lysine, methionine and tryptophan showed that the Kurage balls exceed the control sample in amino acids: lysine – by 77.6%, methionine – by 125.5%, tryptophane – by 78.1, respectively. A new kind of balls with functional ingredients has a number of useful properties for the human body and may be recommended for gerodietetic nutrition.
Innovative approach to combined healthy food
Authors: Tretyakova E N , Necheporuk A G , Babushkin V A , Kirina I B , Pershikova A G
Published: November 2021

The paper analyzes the possibility of not only expanding the range of healthy food products, but also reducing its cost due to the combination of natural animal and plant raw materials. The possibility of introducing an innovative approach to the creation of products aimed at healthy nutrition was considered. It was found that the inclusion of plant additives into traditional meat-containing products will not only contribute to high quality products, but also products with increased nutritional and biological value. It was proved that the inclusion of plant ingredients ensures products with functional properties, high physicochemical and organoleptic indices. It was revealed that the proposed technological scheme and formula of a new type of meat-containing semi-product in dough with the introduction of vegetal raw materials will make the product more functional. The obtained results showed that the inclusion of wheat bran, nettle and onions in minced white meat will make it possible to enrich the product with essential nutrients. The obtained results of the study show that the combination of natural and plant raw materials makes it possible to obtain a product with high quality at a low cost aimed at improving the health of large population groups.
A comparative study of the chemical composition and antioxidant value of fruits and vegetables
Authors: Perfilova OV , Bryksina K V
Published: November 2021

Natural sources of antioxidants are plant materials, which include dietary fiber, oligosaccharides, vitamins, and minerals. Fruits and vegetables are the main natural sources of dietary fiber, vitamins, macro- and microelements and one of the popular ingredients for creating functional products that have a regulatory effect on many body systems and the body as a whole. The article examines the biochemical characteristics of fresh fruits and vegetables in order to highlight the most promising ones for bakeries. As a result of a comprehensive assessment of the biochemical characteristics of fresh fruits and vegetables, the most promising ones for baking were identified.
Development of technology for cooked smoked lamb products using ultrasonic treatment
Authors: Krasnikova E S , Morgunova N L , Krasnikov A V , Ivanova Z I , Shorina A V , Sukharev M I
Published: November 2021

Cooked smoked lamb products belong to the category of delicacies with dietary properties. However, they are not widely used in the food market of the Russian Federation due to the complexity and duration of the technological process. In addition, the multi-stage delicacies making process contributes to the contamination of raw materials with microorganisms. The purpose of our research was to develop a technology for cooked smoked lamb products and the study of low-frequency ultrasound effect on microorganisms - possible contaminants of meat raw materials. Exposure to ultrasound at 35 kHz for 2 minutes inhibited the growth of C. albicans by 33.3%, E. coli by 43.8%, B. subbillis by 46.8%, S. aureus - by 80.6% in comparison with the control samples. After sonication at 26 kHz and exposure for 1 minute, the growth rate of C. albicans decreased by 50%, E. coli - by 64.6%, B. subbillis - by 89.1%, S. aureus - by 86.8% in comparison with control samples. With an increase in the treatment time, the growth rate of the studied bacteria decreased up to 90-98%. An organoleptic assessment of cooked smoked lamb delicacy after 6, 8, 10 and 12 hours of ultrasonic salting showed that the sample with a 12-hour salting had the best organoleptic properties. The developed scheme of smoked cooked lamb delicacies helps to improve the sanitary condition of the raw meat salting process, accelerate the product yield and improve the organoleptic properties of lamb delicacies.
Innovations in the production of syrups for healthy diet
Authors: Popova E I , Bryksina K V
Published: November 2021

Fruits and vegetables are the most popular raw ingredients that act as a source of dietary fiber and other biologically active substances that benefit the human body. The vast majority of nutrients enter the human body with food, so the daily ration of an average person should include those useful products that can provide the body with the necessary amount of biologically active substances. Vegetable-based raw materials containing vitamins, minerals, antioxidants, dietary fibers used in the production of food products are considered a source of functional properties. A priority area of product technologies is the search for technological methods for the production of functional food products with a given biological value (high BAS and antioxidant content). The paper presents recipes and innovative technology for the production of functional syrups based on Viburnum fruits, as well as the evaluation of consumer characteristics, nutritional value and functional orientation of the corresponding products.
Keeping ability of apple fruits of new cultivars under different storage technologies
Authors: Gudkovsky V A , Kozhina L V , Nazarov Yu B , Sutormina A V , Akishin D V
Published: November 2021

The fruits of new apple cultivars bred by the FSBSI “Federal Scientific Center named after IV Michurin”, adapted to the stressful weather conditions of the Central Black Earth Region of Russia, were used. During storage of control and 1-MCP-treated fruits of 5 studied apple cultivars in air (regular atmosphere: CO2 = 0.03%, O2 = 21%), modified atmosphere (O2 = 16-19%, CO2 = 1.5-5.0%) and controlled atmosphere with ultra-low oxygen content (O2 = 1.2-1.5%, CO2 = 1.2-1.5%), the following main diseases were identified: for cv. Uspenskoye – scald, bitter pit, breakdown; for cv. Fregat - bitter pit, breakdown, CO2-skin injury. Development of several diseases at the same time is also possible (CO2-skin injury + bitter pit, bitter pit + breakdown); for cv. Flagman - scald, bitter pit, breakdown, scald + bitter pit; for cv. Bylina - CO2-skin injury, bitter pit, breakdown, soft scald; for cv. Vympel - CO2-skin injury. Maximum storage efficiency was shown by fruits cv. Vympel stored under CA + 1-MCP technology. Data on the keeping ability of apple fruits of the studied cultivars allow developing high-precision varietal storage technologies.
Study of bakery mixture characteristics during storage and grain bread quality based on it
Authors: Alekhina N N , Ponomareva E I , Lukina S I , Malyutina T N , Logunova L V
Published: November 2021

The technologies of bakery production with the use of multi-component ready-made bakery mixtures are considered to be perspective for developing a wide range of bakery products. In terms of nutrition physiology, it is important that mixtures contain ingredients with useful substances in order to make products with prophylactic and functional orientation. It is acknowledged that characteristics of raw materials can change during the process of storage. That is why this article studies the change in the characteristics of «Chernyaevskaya» bakery mixture based on bioactivated wheat grain during the process of storage and the correlation between the period of storage and the quality of grain bread. As a result, it has been found that after 6 months of storage the titrated acidity of the mixture practically did not change; water-storage capacity, volumetric weight, and angle of repose were increasing. It is certain that after 6 months of storage total bacteria content of the mixture was slightly increasing, water activity and its antioxidant activity decreased. The evaluation of the quality of «Chernyaevskii» bread baked with the use of 6 months stored «Chernyaevskaya» mixture has demonstrated that its quality practically did not change if compared to the bread baked of non-stored mixture. It is recommended to store the bakery mixture during 6 months. Moreover, resource-saving technology of the grain bread based on «Chernyaevskaya» mixture will allow one to use plant raw materials rationally.
Effect of nickel oxide nanoparticles on protease activity in brewing industry
Authors: Karpenko D V , Kanaev S A
Published: November 2021

Intensive use of nanoparticles on an industrial scale leads to an increase in their content in the environment. This increases the risks of nano-sized objects entering the technological chains of the processing industries of the agro-industrial complex, in particular, brewing. The paper presents the results of the studies of the effect of nickel oxide nanoparticles used in various industries on the activity of the proteolytic type of enzyme preparation Neutrase 1.5MG, as well as on the results of laboratory mashing of light barley malt. The effect of different concentrations of NiO nanoparticles on the accumulation of low molecular weight nitrogenous substances during gelatin hydrolysis in model media was determined. It was found that if the content of nanoparticles exceeds 0.25 mg/cm3, the proteolytic capacity of the enzyme preparation is reduced up to 70% compared to the control at the concentration of nickel oxide nanopreparation of 2.0 mg/cm3. The experiments showed that an increase in the duration of contact between nanoparticles and proteases of the enzyme preparation in the reaction medium did not lead to an increase in the inhibitory effect of the nano-sized NiO. The laboratory mashing revealed more pronounced negative effect of nickel oxide nanoparticles on the accumulation of low-molecular nitrogen compounds. It is determined that in the presence of NiO nanopreparation, the hydrolysis efficiency of the starchy components of light barley malt is reduced. As a result, according to a number of indicators (concentration of amine nitrogen, reducing substances), the first wort obtained by mashing in the presence of nickel oxide nanoparticles at both lower (0.25 mg/cm3) and higher (2.0 mg/cm3) concentrations is inferior to samples obtained in the absence of nano-sized particles. Based on the above data, it is concluded that the presence of NiO nanoparticles in brewing environments is undesirable.
Use of pseudo cereals in food production
Authors: Krasina IB , Filippova E V , Kurakina A N , Fedorova M A
Published: November 2021

Pseudo-cereals grains, edible seeds, which belong to dicotyledonous plants, are becoming in demand in the human diet as gluten-free grains with excellent nutritional and nutraceutical value. Quinoa, amaranth and buckwheat are the most important pseudo-cereals. Recently, pseudo-cereals have attracted attention because of their high nutritional value of proteins, and their storage proteins are not toxic to celiac patients. In addition, seeds are an important source of dietary fibre and phenols, which are beneficial to health. Research has shown the suitability of amaranth, quinoa and buckwheat flour as a substitute for grain flour in the production of gluten-free biscuits. The article represents data on the chemical and functional composition of amaranth, quinoa and buckwheat and considers the production possibility of gluten-free biscuits using an experimental mixture design to optimize a ternary mixture of amaranth, quinoa, and buckwheat flour in terms of colour parameters, specific volume and hardness. Nutritional and sensory aspects of the optimized formulation were also assessed. The resulting biscuits based on the flour blend of pseudo-cereals were characterized as a product rich in dietary fibre, a good source of essential amino acids, linolenic acid and minerals, with good sensory acceptability. The data presented testify to the possibility of using the flour blend of amaranth, quinoa and buckwheat as an alternative ingredient for gluten-free biscuits.
The use of ultrasonic extraction in the technology of functional drinks based on plant raw materials
Authors: Manukovskaya M V , Shchetilina I P , Pisklyukova Y N , Klimova E A , Korystin M I
Published: November 2021

The development of targeted drinks is a priority in the field of healthy eating. For their production, plant raw materials are actively used, containing a wide variety of biologically active substances. The presence of these ingredients helps to improve many physiological processes in the body, as well as to increase its immune status. Numerous studies have confirmed the high efficiency of ultrasonic effects on various technological processes. Ultrasonic extraction was carried out at t = 20 °C and an ultrasonic wave frequency of 22 kHz. As a result of research, it was found that with ultrasound exposure, an equilibrium state is achieved within 15 minutes. In order to develop new recipes for drinks, natural raw materials, their chemical composition and the effects on the human body have been studied. The selected ingredients in a certain quantitative ratio made it possible to obtain drinks with improved bio-corrective properties, which allows satisfying the daily requirement of the human body for biologically active substances. Ultrasonic exposure has a positive effect on the organoleptic characteristics of the drink and the aftertaste, as evidenced by the comparative organoleptic evaluation of the samples. The functional properties of the developed drinks have been confirmed experimentally. In the drinks, the following were determined: the content of macronutrients, antioxidant activity, the content of vitamin C, the duration of the shelf life. The use of the method of ultrasonic extraction in the technology of preparing drinks allows one: to reduce the preparation time by half, to reduce the amount of raw materials by 15 %, to increase the content of macronutrients by 45 %, to increase the content of vitamin C by 35 %, to increase the antioxidant activity by 45-50 %, increase stability during storage by 50 – 60 %, increase organoleptic characteristics. The results obtained prove the intensifying effect of ultrasonic exposure in the production of functional drinks.
Development of poly-component cooled dessert recipe based on pumpkin and apples processing products
Authors: Ryadinskaya A A , Ordina N B , Koschaev I A , Mezinova K V , Chuev S A , Zakharova D A
Published: November 2021

The issue of providing the residents of the Russian Federation with food for a healthy diet is still currently relevant. The population lacks essential biological substances. The inclusion of various types of agricultural raw materials in food products enables to improve the quality indicators of finished products. The article presents the outcomes of research on the development of a technology for the manufacture of a multicomponent chilled dessert for proper nutrition using a locally produced plant component, namely pumpkin and apples, as the main raw material. As additional components the following ones are used: yogurt, honey, ginger syrup, stevia, blackberry, pine nuts, orange. The authors have developed three product formulations and for each of its samples the quality and quantitative characteristics assessment, the nutritional and energy value, the concentration of minerals and vitamins have been established. Based on the test results, the relevance of the production of a multicomponent chilled dessert based on pumpkin and apple processing products has been justified. The product is recommended for all population groups as a product for proper nutrition. A portion of the developed multicomponent chilled dessert with a volume of 110 to 125 g (depending on the recipe) contributes to the satisfaction of more than 15% of a person’s daily need for potassium, and with the addition of orange – for vitamin C.
Comparative assessment of quality and safety of minced meat
Authors: Savostina T V , Mizhevikina A S , Sayfulmulukov E R , Lykasova I A , Minashina I N
Published: November 2021

As a result of the examination of minced meat, it was found that the samples of industrial production (minced pork and minced beef), the packaging and completeness of the labeling corresponded to the requirements of Technical Regulations of the Customs Union 005/2011 and Technical Regulations of the Customs Union 022/2011, while the samples of mince of non-industrial production (minced pork and beef and minced beef) were packed at the point of retail sale in plastic bags without labeling indicating the type of minced meat. In terms of organoleptic indicators, minced meat samples No. 1, No. 2 and No. 4 met the requirements of GOST R 55365-2012 and were classified as “fresh” bouillon. During the determination of biochemical and bacterioscopic indicators for freshness, it was found that in the samples of industrial minced meat No. 2 and non-industrial production No. 3 there was an increased content of amino-ammonia nitrogen and pH. At the same time, in the sample in No. 3 a non-standard color was noted during the reaction with Nessler’s reagent: dirty green color. No. 2 had a weakly positive reaction to peroxidase during the reaction with the same reagent. Bacterioscopic examination of smears - minced meat imprints in samples No. 2 and No. 3 revealed no more than 30 gram-negative rods, which can be the food poisoning reasons. These results are typical for suspected meat. In terms of the content of heavy metals, the insignificant excess of the norm of cobalt in sample No. 1 and manganese in sample No. 2 was revealed. The content of toxic elements: lead and cadmium in all samples did not exceed the permissible level.
Use of chickpea flour in food production
Authors: Taranova E S , Zenina E A , Mel’nikov A G , Kryuchkova T E , Skorokhodov E A , Ileneva S V
Published: November 2021

Currently, the production of special varieties of bread and bakery products using non-traditional plant raw materials is relevant. The article presents the results of studies on the introduction of chickpea flour into the recipe of wheat bread. Chickpea is a crop that is adapted to vegetation in unfavorable soil and climatic conditions of the Volgograd region. Chickpeas are high in protein (up to 32%) and fat (8%), while the amount of carbohydrates is insignificant (up to 5%). In the laboratory, test baking of bread was carried out using the following options: wheat bread (control) and wheat-chickpea bread. Chickpea flour was added to wheat flour in the amount of 5, 10, 15 and 20%. Before baking, a study of wheat flour and mixtures of wheat flour with chickpea was carried out for the content and quality of crude gluten. The addition of chickpea flour has been found to reduce the amount of wet gluten, but not to decrease its quality group. After test baking, the volume of the bread was measured and the organoleptic characteristics were determined. It was found that the addition of chickpea flour leads to a decrease in the volume of the finished product. The bread with the addition of chickpea flour differed from the control variant in the color of the crust and crumb. The pulp was denser and finer. The taste and smell of chickpea were felt only in the variants with the addition of 15 and 20% chickpea flour. The addition of chickpea flour contributed to the enrichment of wheat bread with essential amino acids. With the consumption of 300 g of bread containing 80% wheat and 20% chickpea flour, the daily requirement of the human body for essential amino acids would be satisfied by 48.8%.
Research of technological features of production of functional fermented milk products
Authors: Zakharova L M , Zakharenko M A
Published: November 2021

The most important factor determining human health is nutrition. Functional products containing many valuable ingredients contribute to the strengthening and maintenance of human health. In this regard, over the years, the development of technology for the production of such products does not lose its relevance. The authors selected the composition and ratio of probiotic microflora in the composition of a complex starter culture for the production of a functional fermented milk product. Two variants of complex starter culture were selected containing Streptococcus salivaris subsp. thermophilus, Bifidobacterium subsp. lactis (BB-12) and Lactobacterium casei subsp. casei in a ratio of 4: 1: 1 and Streptococcus salivaris subsp. thermophilus, Bifidobacterium bifidum and Lactobacillus acidophilus in a 4: 1: 1 ratio. The paper considers the influence of individual technological factors on the quality formation of the finished product, such as the dose of the prebiotic galactooligosaccharides (GOS), the dose of the concentrate of whey protein (CWP) and the fermentation temperature of the milk mixture. The following technological factors of production have been established: doses of introduced components (GOS - (1 ± 0.1) %, CWP (2.0 ± 0.5) % and the fermentation temperature of the mixture (38 ± 2) °C. The results of the study will be used further in the development of technology for a functional fermented milk product.
Slotting mechanization for intensive garden planting
Authors: Alyokhin A V , Gorshenin V I , Goncharova N A , Tishaninov N P
Published: November 2021

The paper presents a structure diagram of a slot trencher when planting a garden, consisting of a frame on which working sections, a bevel gear reducer and support wheel stands are fixed. On the working section there is a shaft with a working body - a disk slot cutter. It is made in the form of a disc with teeth, one cutting edge of each tooth is straight and the other edge is parabolic. On the parabolic edge the working elements are fixed in the form of knives with a cutting edge consisting of two parts. A straight one is along the periphery; the other is in the form of a guide along the entire length of the curved edge of the tooth and equal to the width of the cutting edge of the knife. The theoretical substantiation of the main structure parameters is carried out as a result of which the length of the inclined knife is determined, which allows satisfying the operating conditions of the device.
A method to minimize the intake of exhaust air in a climate control system in livestock premises
Authors: Ignatkin IY , Arkhiptsev A V , Stiazhkin V I , Mashoshina E V
Published: November 2021

This paper presents a method of aerodynamic separation of supply-exhaust airflows in a supply and exhaust climate control unit for livestock facilities in order to minimize back suction. The air removed from livestock buildings contains a large amount of moisture, carbon dioxide, ammonia, hydrogen sulfide and other harmful gases and in mine units, the outlet and inlet openings are located close enough, which is why exhaust air can be sucked together with the supply air. The paper presents a set of measures to minimize back suction. In particular, the distance between the supply and exhaust openings is substantiated. Moreover, it was proposed to give an additional velocity to the exhaust air due to the energy of natural traction. In order to solve this problem, a nozzle with a convergence angle of 45 ° was installed at the outlet of the unit. The effectiveness of the proposed solution was tested experimentally and it was found that when the inlet and outlet openings were located at a distance of more than 0.5 m, as well as when the exhaust jet was given a velocity of 3 m / s, the amount of back suction did not exceed 5%.
Calculation of the chain drum with elastic fingers of potato harvesting machines
Authors: Bayboboev N G , Goyipov U G , Tursunov A A , Akbarov Sh B
Published: November 2021

In agricultural machines, chain transmission is widely used, the main advantage of which is a high load capacity. Therefore, in this article, the methodology for calculating chain drives in mechanical drives of agricultural machinery, namely in mechanical drives of potato harvesters, is presented. As a result of experimental and theoretical studies, the availability and safety margin of the selected chain drive of a loosening drum with elastic fingers of a potato harvesting machine was confirmed. In potato-harvesting machines, the movement of the executive working bodies is carried out. Analysis of the design of domestic and foreign potato harvesters showed that it is possible to obtain a good quality of potato harvesting in difficult soil and climatic conditions due to the use of machines of a simpler design with a mesh number of working bodies, but at the same time with their rational layout, the correct choice of transmission drives and ensured optimal modes work. The advantage of these transmissions is their large load capacity and the ability to work under dynamic loads. Therefore, in these investigations, the works are analyzed and the theoretical foundations and methods for calculating the working capacity of the wearable chain and the margin of strength of the chain transmission for dynamic loads are presented. As a result of the experimental theoretical research, the reliability of the working capacity and the strength reserve of the selected chain drive of the drum with elastic pulleys of the potato harvester is supported.
Use of centrifugal pumps with shielded asynchronous motors in precision irrigation systems for precision agriculture
Authors: Chernykh A G
Published: November 2021

Precision irrigation in the context of precision farming principles should be based on a systematic approach to achieve the targets of meeting the average spatial needs of crops for water and dissolved nutrients. Precision irrigation, based on advanced irrigation management technologies, combined with remote sensing and simulation technologies, provides a practical solution to the problem of managing the spatial and temporal components of water to meet the specific needs of individual plants. The spatial component of water equivalent to its volume is supplied to the irrigation zone by means of supply water pipes, and the temporary component equivalent to its flow is provided by means of booster pumps. With intensive water consumption, the supply pipelines do not provide the irrigation systems with the required volumes of water. In this case, the static water supply is provided by using storage tanks. In this paper, the need to use a storage tank as a technical component of irrigation management is considered from the point of view of solving a specific management problem related to ensuring the current value of the green mass per unit area of sowing to the level of its calculated value. The use of a storage tank and a group of centrifugal pumps of a special hermetic design as pumping equipment allows you to obtain a closed-type irrigation scheme that has the necessary reserve of static and dynamic stability of the flow characteristics.
Improvement of the technological process of sowing sunflower seeds with a pneumatic seed planter
Authors: Kryuchin N P , Gorbachev A P
Published: November 2021

The article provides the objectives for the need to study the influence of the shaper on the seed velocity, as well as the influence of the arrangement of its rods on the grain speed at the outlet of the seed flow shaper. The general scheme of the seed flow shaper, its description, 3D model and its arrangement on the seeder are given in the article. It also describes the method of measuring the velocity of seed material. As a result of the study, the dependence of the velocity of sunflower seeds on the distance of the placement of rods, as well as the velocity of grains without a flow shaper, is presented. It was found that as the distance between the axes of the rods increases from 5 to 30 mm, the seed velocity at the outlet from the diffuser increases insignificantly, being in the range of 3.2 – 2.7 m/s. The results of using the seed flow shaper of the proposed design on the seed line of the Amazone DMC Primera pneumatic seed planter for sunflower sowing are also presented. As a result of the assessment of the uniform distribution of plants in rows by seedlings, it was concluded that the quality of seeding improved, the coefficient of variation of intervals between plants was 61.2 and 78.4% with and without the use of a shaper, respectively.
Thermal diagnostics of mechanical gear elements of combine harvester
Authors: Pastukhov A G , Timashov E P , Kravchenko I N
Published: November 2021

The work carried out practical testing of the technology of thermal diagnostics of belt gear elements of the grating mill drive of the combine harvester. The basis of the technology is the principle of using the coefficient of the temperature ratio on the surface of the diagnosed unit and temperature in the friction zone, expressed through the coefficient of proportionality of the finite element model. The peculiarity of the thermal diagnostics, in this case, is to compare the temperature in the friction zone with the maximum allowable temperature for the direct contact zone in the mechanical transmission unit. The object of the study is the tensioning roller of the drive of the grating mill of the first stage of the CLAAS TUCANO 580 combine harvester with 6203-2RS TIMKEN bearings. The result of the numerical experiment showed a significant effect on the temperature in the friction zone of the operational parameters - radial force and rotational speed. The use of 3D-modeling made it possible to determine the key parameter of the proposed thermal diagnostics technology - the proportionality coefficient of the finite-element model k=0.489. The temperature of the bearing assembly of the tension roller was measured periodically, using a non-contact method during harvesting in the 2020 season. For the period of regular observations of 128 moto-hours, the value of the maximum temperature growth rate in the friction zone Vτ=0.025 °C/min and the maximum temperature in the friction zone 69.5 °C, taking into account the ambient air temperature, were determined. No failures of the diagnosed unit were found. In the process of application of thermal diagnostics technology, no errors of the first kind are recorded, which indicates the effectiveness of the proposed technology.
Substantiation of the parameters of the working bodies of undulating disks of soil-cultivating harrows with a bionic approach
Authors: Sobolevsky I V , Pashtetskiy V S , Kalafatov I I
Published: November 2021

The article presents the methods and results of the bionic approach in the system of agricultural mechanics, which made it possible to theoretically substantiate the main parameters of the model of the working organs of wavy discs using two bionic prototypes - the burrowing leg and radial ribs of the bivalve shell of the edible heart-shaped mollusk (Cerastoderma edule) and the burrowing leg of the dung beetle common (Geotrupes stercorarius). The model of the working bodies of undulating disks allows one to preserve the anti-erosion resistance of the soil in the upper cultivated layer in order to preserve its structure and stubble background during non-moldboard tillage in the soil-protective agriculture system for the technologies “Verti-till” and “Strip-till”. The results of theoretical studies on the substantiation of the design parameters of the working bodies of wavy discs for surface tillage are presented.
Development of the forest strip network in the territory of the Volokonovsky district by carrying out an adaptive landscape agriculture system
Authors: Melentyev A A , Zapara Y Y , Zheltukhina V I
Published: November 2021

In the last decade of the twentieth century, there have been significant negative transformations of arable land in the main agricultural regions of Russia. Traditional and zonal farming systems were disrupted, extensive agricultural technologies began to prevail with low doses of mineral fertilizers, a sharp reduction in the number of soil treatments and the use of organic fertilizers and ameliorants, disruption of crop rotation, and burning of stubble. Under these conditions, degradation processes have developed extremely strongly: erosion and plowing, dehumification and acidification, alkalization, and salinization. Many lands turned out to be abandoned, the weediness of crops increased sharply. With a decrease in the real (effective) land fertility and the level of technological culture of agriculture, the profitability of crop production fell sharply. The volume of soil protection and erosion control measures has sharply decreased. Traditional recommendations on soil-protective crop rotations and agrotechnics in the new economic conditions turned out to be practically inaccessible for most farms and cooperative farms, the necessary condition for the survival of which is a quick return on financial investments. The development of agricultural production in the current environmental and economic conditions (the vital need to increase the profitability of production, on the one hand, and a serious aggravation of the agroecological situation and, as a consequence, the increase in environmental and economic risks of production, on the other) requires a transition to adaptive landscape farming systems, which are the next stage of landscape-ecological detailing and economic and economic adaptation of previously developed zonal farming systems.
Ecological methods of protecting bearded irises in the urban environment
Authors: Seraya L G , Larina G E , Bondareva E V , Ivanova I O , Polyakova N N
Published: November 2021

The article presents data from a long-term phytopathological survey of a collection of varieties Iris x hybrida Hort. Main Botanical Garden named after N.V. Tsitsin RAS (Moscow). Data on diseases of bearded irises in the urban environment were obtained, changes in the composition of the fungal complex in the rhizo- and phyllosphere were studied. Low soil fertility during the adaptation period of bearded irises worsens the formation and development of the root system of plants, increases the likelihood of increased disease damage and premature leaf fall. The experience of successful establishment of cultivators Iris x hybrida with the use of complex preventive and health-improving measures to improve fertility and reduce stress factors has been obtained. It was found that the introduction of NPK-complex, etching with a biofungicide based on phytobacteriomycin, and spraying vegetative plants with a microbiological preparation based on saprophytic antagonist fungi and bacteria within two years from the moment of transplanting varieties of garden bearded irises have a positive effect on their survival rate and decorative effect. The use of biological fungicides in combination with a complex of fertilizers is mandatory in a pesticide-free protection system for garden iris varieties sensitive to mycoses.
Algorithm for assessing the efficiency of siting solar power plants at the enterprises of the agro-industrial complex of Krasnodar region
Authors: Kirichenko A S , Kirichenko E V
Published: November 2021

The features of agricultural energy in the Krasnodar Territory are considered and two main problems are identified: the shortage of generating capacities and the remoteness of low-power consumers from centralized networks, for the solution of which renewable energy sources, including solar energy, can be used. The use of solar power plants at the enterprises of the agro-industrial complex of the region has been substantiated. The importance of automating the process of assessing the territory suitable for the placement of solar power facilities and the features of its implementation are substantiated. Criteria have been obtained that influence the choice of the optimal option for placing solar power facilities, based on the methodology for calculating the power and the amount of generated energy. The features of calculating the matrix of spatial characteristics for renewable energy facilities in the Krasnodar Territory are shown. An algorithm for creating a matrix of spatial data and an algorithm for choosing the optimal option for placing solar power plants are presented. The use of a high-level programming language Python is proposed to implement the created algorithm. The conclusion is made about the possibility of automating the process of assessing the efficiency of the placement of solar power plants in the Krasnodar Territory using modern computing technology in the format of a geoformation application developed in the Python programming language.
Quantitative Image Analysis as an Adjunct to Manual Scoring of ER, PgR, and HER2 in Invasive Breast Carcinoma
Authors: Yousif Mustafa , Huang Yiyuan , Sciallis Andrew , Kleer Celina G , Pang Judy , Smola Brian , Naik Kalyani , McClintock David S , Zhao Lili , Kunju Lakshmi P , Balis Ulysses G J , Pantanowitz Liron
Published: November 2021

Objectives

Biomarker expression evaluation for estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PgR), and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) is an essential prognostic and predictive parameter for breast cancer and critical for guiding hormonal and neoadjuvant therapy. This study compared quantitative image analysis (QIA) with pathologists’ scoring for ER, PgR, and HER2.

Methods

A retrospective analysis was undertaken of 1,367 invasive breast carcinomas, including all histopathology subtypes, for which ER, PgR, and HER2 were analyzed by manual scoring and QIA. The resulting scores were compared, and in a subset of HER2 cases (n = 373, 26%), scores were correlated with available fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) results.

Results

Concordance between QIA and manual scores for ER, PgR, and HER2 was 93%, 96%, and 90%, respectively. Discordant cases had low positive scores (1%-10%) for ER (n = 33), were due to nonrepresentative region selection (eg, ductal carcinoma in situ) or tumor heterogeneity for PgR (n = 43), and were of one-step difference (negative to equivocal, equivocal to positive, or vice versa) for HER2 (n = 90). Among HER2 cases where FISH results were available, only four (1.0%) showed discordant QIA and FISH results.

Conclusions

QIA is a computer-aided diagnostic support tool for pathologists. It significantly improves ER, PgR, and HER2 scoring standardization. QIA demonstrated excellent concordance with pathologists’ scores. To avoid pitfalls, pathologist oversight of representative region selection is recommended.
Effect of Different Organic Substrates on Selected Life History Traits and Nutritional Composition of Black Soldier fly (Hermetia illucens)
Authors: Singh Anshika , Marathe Deepak , Raghunathan Karthik , Kumari Kanchan
Published: November 2021

Black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens L. [Diptera: Stratiomyidae]) has gained huge popularity in different industrial and commercial sectors because of its excellent potential to treat organic waste and high biomass production. As the industrial application of BSF is expanding at accelerated rates, there is a need to optimize its mass scale production where the organic substrates play a very crucial role in optimal growth and development. The present study deals with the investigation of different life history attributes of BSF such as larval and adult weights, survival, pupation rate, and the development time as the function of different organic substrates [fruits and vegetable mix (T1); wheat bran, soy, and corn meal mix (T2); and the dairy manure (T3)]. The larval, pupal, and adult weights differed across all three treatments (P < 0.05). There was no significant difference in the survival rate of larvae among T1 and T2 however, T3 differed significantly from T1 and T2. Likewise, the pupation rate and the development time differed significantly between the three treatments. Results indicated that the BSF development was least in dairy manure treatment and therefore, higher percent mortality and higher development time were observed. However, to deal with the problems of waste management and treatment, BSF larvae can be successfully employed for the treatment of any type of waste since it showed significant treatment efficiencies.
Disparities in postpartum depression screening participation between immigrant and Danish-born women
Authors: Marti-Castaner Maria , Hvidtfeldt Camila , Villadsen Sarah Fredsted , Laursen Bjarne , Pedersen Trine Pagh , Norredam Marie
Published: November 2021

Background

Qualitative studies suggest that immigrant women experience barriers for postpartum depression (PPD) screening. This study examines the prevalence of participation in PPD screening in the universal home-visiting programme in Denmark, in relation to migrant status and its association with acculturation factors, such as length of residence and age at migration.

Methods

The sample consists of 77 694 births from 72 292 mothers (2015–18) that participated in the programme and were registered in the National Child Health Database. Lack of PPD screening using the Edinburgh Postpartum Depression Scale (EPDS) was examined in relation to migrant group and acculturation factors. We used Poisson regression with cluster robust standard errors to estimate crude and adjusted relative risk.

Results

In total, 27.8% of Danish-born women and 54.7% of immigrant women lacked screening. Compared with Danish-born women, immigrant women in all groups were more likely to lack PPD screening (aRR ranging from 1.81 to 1.90). Women with low acculturation were more likely to lack screening. Women who migrated as adults [aRR = 1.27 (95% CI 1.16, 1.38)] and women who had resided in Demark for <5 years [aRR = 1.37 (95% CI 1.28, 1.46)] were more likely to lack screening.

Conclusions

Immigrant women in Denmark, particularly recent immigrants, are at increased risk of not being screened for PPD using the EPDS. This can lead to under-recognition of PPD among immigrant women. More work is needed to understand how health visitors recognize the mental health needs of immigrant women who are not screened, and whether this gap results in reduced use of mental health services.
Recombinant protein production in Pichia pastoris: from transcriptionally redesigned strains to bioprocess optimization and metabolic modelling
Authors: Ergün Burcu Gündüz , Berrios Julio , Binay Barış , Fickers Patrick
Published: November 2021

Pichia pastoris is one of the most widely used host for the production of recombinant proteins. Expression systems that rely mostly on promoters from genes encoding alcohol oxidase 1 or glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase have been developed together with related bioreactor operation strategies based on carbon sources such as methanol, glycerol, or glucose. Although, these processes are relatively efficient and easy to use, there have been notable improvements over the last twenty years to better control gene expression from these promoters and their engineered variants. Methanol-free and more efficient protein production platforms have been developed by engineering promoters and transcription factors. The production window of P. pastoris has been also extended by using alternative feedstocks including ethanol, lactic acid, mannitol, sorbitol, sucrose, xylose, gluconate, formate or rhamnose. Herein, the specific aspects that are emerging as key parameters for recombinant protein synthesis are discussed. For this purpose, a holistic approach has been considered to scrutinize protein production processes from strain design to bioprocess optimization, particularly focusing on promoter engineering, transcriptional circuitry redesign. This review also considers the optimization of bioprocess based on alternative carbon sources and derived co-feeding strategies. Optimization strategies for recombinant protein synthesis through metabolic modelling are also discussed.
‘She showed me a new path, a way forward’: exploring how navigation influences mental health among Guatemalan gay and bisexual men living with HIV
Authors: Davis Dirk A , Muessig Kathryn E , Matthews Derrick D , Angeles Gustavo , McNaughton-Reyes Luz , Guzmán Karla , Northbrook Sanny , Barrington Clare
Published: November 2021

Mental health problems, including anxiety and depression, are a common comorbidity among gay, bisexual and other men who have sex with men (GBMSM) living with HIV. Informed by social support theory, health navigation is a strengths-based intervention that has been demonstrated to improve HIV care outcomes. The purpose of this study was to explore how health navigation influences the mental health of GBMSM living with HIV. We analyzed longitudinal qualitative in-depth interviews conducted with GBMSM (n = 29) in a 12-month multi-component intervention to improve HIV care outcomes, including health navigation. We used narrative and thematic analytic approaches to identify salient themes, including if and how themes changed over time. Participants described that navigator support helped them maintain good mental health, prevent crises and respond to crises. Navigator support included providing motivational messaging, facilitating participants’ control over their health and improving access to care, which aided with supporting mental health. Navigators also responded to acute crises by providing guidance for those newly diagnosed with HIV and support for those experiencing critical life events. Participants emphasized the importance of feeling heard and valued by their navigators and gaining hope for the future as key to their wellbeing. In conclusion, health navigation may be an effective intervention for promoting mental health among GBMSM living with HIV. Additional research is needed to examine mediating pathways between navigation and mental health, including informational support, or if navigator support moderates the relationship between stressors and mental health outcomes for GBMSM.