bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Analysis of the Status and Potential of the Passenger Transport Market in China and Central Asia Inspiration for the Initiative «One Belt One Way»
Authors: Wang Kun
Published: March 2021

Central Asia, being an important zone in the Silk Road Economic Belt of the China Road «One Belt-One Way», is an important economic channel for China, connecting European countries by land. Transport communication is the basis of the work of the initiative «One belt-one path», therefore it is important and priority. Although the development of land connections (railways, highways) between China and Central Asia has made significant progress, passenger services, especially air passenger services, are still underdeveloped. The paper explains the state of development and existing problems of the bilateral air passenger transport market between China and Central Asia through the data analysis and policy studies of the «Bilateral Air Agreement». Three policy recommendations are put forward within the framework of the «One Belt-One Way» initiative. First, China and five Central Asian countries should use the platform created by the initiative «One Belt-One Way» to actively negotiate new bilateral air agreement between governments in the field of law, airports of general aviation, capacity and airline access to further ease regulations. Considering concerns that five Central Asian countries may have regarding the protection of their national airlines, the negotiation of an aviation agreement between China and Central Asia may use a model of negotiations between US and Canada on bilateral aviation agreement. Second, given the capacity of airports and rapid economic development of China’s second and third level cities, Governments’ preferential airport policies in China’s second- and third-tier cities could be extended to attract Chinese and Central Asian airlines to operate direct flights between these cities and Central Asia. Third, to allow and encourage private and budget airlines to enter China-Central Asia airline market. These airlines can use their own price advantages to open up new markets that are not sufficiently attractive to traditional airlines.
An Analysis of Main Approaches to Discourse Representation of the Activities of Russian and Chinese Political Leaders
Authors: Lin Chuanzhao
Published: March 2021

The article explores main studies of Russian and foreign authors about discourse, media images and politics, focusing on images of Vladimir Putin and Xi Jinping. Literature research contains a brief description of studies about discourse and political images. The next part of the article outlines media image of contemporary China. Further, media images of chosen political leaders are analyzed. It is pointed out that Vladimir Putin’s discourse representation and media image and researchers’ opinion about it are more complex and contradictory than in the case of Xi Jinping.
Metaphorical Analyses of Russian Verbs of Thinking Activity Meaning
Authors: Peng Yuhai
Published: March 2021

The study of cognitive semantics of verbs is an important topic in contemporary linguistics. Taking Russian metaphorical thinking meaning verbs as the object, this article discusses the cognitive semantics of verbs. First of all, the paper combs out the subconscious thinking activity verbs derived from the metaphors of prototype actions of volitional and non volitional activities, and the autonomous thinking activity verbs from the prototype action metaphor of will activity; then focusing on the cognitive similarity and semantic violation, the article separately analyses the metaphorical semantic derivation of these two kinds of thinking activity, meanwhile, it correspondingly discusses the problem of polysemy of Russian verbs. Relevant research will be helpful to further investigate the metaphorical performance and mechanism of the unique thinking activity verbs, at the same time, it is beneficial to promote the theoretical exploration of semantic derivation of Russian polysemous verbs. The relevant study will be helpful to further investigate the cognitive semantic attributes and operational characteristics of Russian verbs with metaphorical thinking meaning, and it is beneficial to promote the research of lexical semantic theory of Russian language on the cognitive level.
Foreign Trade Cooperation Between the Novosibirsk Region and China
Authors: Nekhoroshkov Vladimir , Aroshidze Alyona
Published: March 2021

The imposition of sanctions and the retaliatory measures taken by the Russian Federation affect its foreign economic relations. Difficulties with the development of relations with foreign trade partners naturally arose at the regional level. The Novosibirsk region also had to adapt to the new conditions of foreign economic activity. The region has traditionally had a significant foreign economic potential, and it is notable that the non-CIS countries account for the larger share of exports and imports. The Asian vector of foreign trade development is mainly represented by cooperation with China.
China in the Global Market of Higher Education Services
Authors: Kozyrskaya Irina
Published: March 2021

The article intends to refer to China as to an outstanding example of dynamic development. The Chinese Republic is now perceived almost exclusively as a country that has been highly successful in implementing market reforms. This helps to define the reasons and essence of the successful measures taken in China, which have provided powerful dynamic processes, including in the field of higher education. The paper proceeds to the description of quite competitive global markets for educational services, where the service providers have found ways to retain each potential client through practicing individual approach, when it is necessary to attract and engage prospective students to the bachelor’s, master’s and postgraduate programs. The main objectives of any university are described in the article, They include not only informing public about the offered educational programs and training opportunities, but also promoting their educational services in the domestic and international markets.
Dyer, Bryan R. Suffering in the Face of Death: The Epistle to the Hebrews and Its Context of Situation
Authors: Rojas Yauri Benjamín
Published: March 2021

Recensión crítica
ISOLATION AND MOLECULAR IDENTIFICATION OF BRUCELLA MELITENSIS IN ABORTED FETUSES OF SHEEP AND GOATS IN SULAIMANI PROVINCE, IRAQ
Authors: Nassrullah Othman , Mohammad Mohammad , Rachid Shwan
Published: March 2021

Background 

Brucellosis is a zoonotic disease that is endemic in Sulaimani Province, Iraq. The most accurate, credible, and susceptible method for detecting Brucella DNA is Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). A significant increase in abortion rates among the sheep and goats population in Sulaimani Province, Iraq was recorded by Veterinary centers. 

Objectives 

To detect the most common causes of abortion in sheep and goats.

Materials and Methods

A total of 73 aborted fetuses were collected during the delivery season in 2018, 53 sheep and 20 goats. Four sets of primers gene were achieved: firstly, for identification of the positive infection with all possible Brucella genus, the universal ‘catch-all’ primers (OMP2). Others, the specific primers (IS711) for identification Brucella species in all positive and negative samples.

Results

PCR showed that Brucella was the important cause of abortion in sheep and goats (P<0.05). Brucella melitensis was the only species detected, with prevalence rates of (32%) and (60%) in sheep and goats, respectively. Some independent variable risk factors were estimated that were statistically significant, including sex and age of the fetus, age of dam, infected organs of the fetus, history of abortion, and parity. 

Conclusion

There was a significant relationship between abortion and the history of abortion in sheep and goats. Brucella melitensis is a serious reason for abortion in sheep and goats, and a great hazard to public health in Sulaimani Province.
THE ENDOSCOPIC FINDINGS IN SYMPTOMATIC PATIENTS WITH RELIABLE NONINVASIVE LABORATORY - PROVEN HELICOBACTER PYLORI INFECTION
Authors: Salim Bakhtyar
Published: March 2021

Background 

Patients with reliable laboratory-proved H. pylori infection manifest gastritis on upper GI endoscopy and such gastritis is associated with various benign, pre-malignant, and malignant gastrointestinal disorders, but the frequency and the magnitude of such association are not clarified well in the literature. 

Objectives 

To show the endoscopic findings in symptomatic patients with proven H. pylori infection by non-invasive laboratory reliable tests namely urea breath test and stool Antigen testing and to show the relation between these endoscopic findings and the common associated finding namely duodenal, gastric ulcerations, and Gastro-esophageal reflux disease (GERD).

Methods

A cross-sectional descriptive study was carried out from August 2018 to January 2019. The study sample consisted of 314 patients who had symptoms of Helicobacter pylori and were referred to Kurdistan center for gastroenterology and Hepatology (KCGH) in Sulaimani, Iraqi Kurdistan, Iraq. All of the patients were proved to have H. pylori diagnosed with either urea breath test in 196 cases or stool antigen test in 118 cases. All of them had undergone endoscopy. Gastritis types and associated pathologies were diagnosed by high definition endoscopy and agreed upon by an expert Board qualified endoscopist. Histopathological confirmation was not carried out. Although there is inter-observer variability in the endoscopic diagnosis of gastritis, the patients being diagnosed by sensitive laboratory methods before endoscopy limits this variability, and it is well known that the most common cause of gastritis is H. pylori infection

Results

The 314 symptomatic patients with lab-proven H. pylori infections were more middle-aged adults and more females than males. Most of these patients (97%) showed endoscopic evidence of gastritis. Antral and or fundal gastritis whether nodular or not, are more associated with duodenal ulceration while pangastritis and antral erosions are more associated with gastric ulcers. GERD is associated with gastritis alone without peptic ulceration, but it is more severe when there is duodenal ulceration and even more severe when the duodenal ulcers are complicated by gastric outlet obstruction, partial or complete.

Conclusion

Doing upper GI endoscopy for dyspeptic patients with lab-proven H. pylori infection to detect associated benign anad pre-malignant upper GI pathologies to plan the appropriate treatment and its duration. The test and treat strategy for symptomatic H. pylori infected patients without a red flag recommended by international guidelines may be suboptimal in areas with a high frequency of H. pylori infection like ours.
COMPARISON BETWEEN 2 DIFFERENT DIETARY INTAKE METHODS (7-DAY DIETARY WEIGHT RECORDS AND 24-HOUR DIETARY RECALL) AND DUPLICATE DIET METHOD RESULTS WITH REFERENCE NUTRIENT INTAKE (RNI)
Authors: Raoof Mohammed
Published: March 2021

Background 

Dietary intake assessment methods have an important role in evaluating dietary intake. Choosing the appropriate one is a big challenge as no particular one of them is appropriately designed to give 100% accurate results. The 7-day weighed records are regarded as the gold standard method, results are more accurate when comparing them with energy expenditure measurement of doubly labeled water (DLW) and urinary nitrogen excretion. On the other hand, 24-hour dietary recall is regarded as an easy and non-expensive method but memory dependable.

Objectives 

Comparing two dietary intake assessment methods, 7-day weighed record, and 24-hour dietary recall in terms of nutrient intake, looking at the cons and pros of each and finding the correlation between them. 

Methods

Twenty-four-hour dietary recall was taken through an interview between a couple of subjects, the interviewer asked details questions about food intake and portion size of the subject`s last 24 hours then each exchanged their role. Regarding 7-day dietary weighed records, a weight scale was used by the subjects to weigh every food before consumption for 7 days. Also, duplicate diet energy contents were calculated through some complex chemical procedures.

Results

Results showed a strong correlation in carbohydrate, protein, fiber & iron intake of both methods (P. <0.05), however correlation of energy, fat & calcium were not statistically significant between the two methods (P. >0.05). 

Conclusion

No method is the perfect one and more studies are necessary to make dietary intake assessment methods more accurate and effective.
A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF GIARDIA LAMBLIA DETECTION BY USING OF MICROSCOPIC, SEROLOGIC, AND MOLECULAR METHODS, IN SULAIMANI PROVINCE
Authors: Ismail Safin , Ali Shahnaz
Published: March 2021

Background 

Giardia lamblia is an intestinal flagellated protozoan parasite that infects humans and animals. Giardiasis causing more than 200 million symptomatic infections globally it is one of the most common causes of diarrhea in developing countries, and frequent cause water-born/food-born parasitic diseases. 

Objectives

This study was carried out to investigate the prevalence rate of G. lamblia in Sulaimani Province hospitals and to identify the best and accurate method for identification. 

Patients and Methods

In the present study, 355 fecal specimens were collected from patients in three hospitals (Dr. Jamal A. Rashid Pediatric Teaching Hospitals, Ibrahim Pasha Health Center and Directorate of Preventive Health) in Sulaimani Province during the 1st November 2018 to the 30 April 2019. All samples examined by direct microscopic examination using Saline Wet Mount, and antigen detection by ELISA technique (RIADASCREEN Giardia ELISA kit). DNA extracted by used (QIAamp Fast DNA Stool Mini Kit 50), and for PCR amplification, used JW1, the forward primer: 5’ GCG CAC CAG GAATGT CTT GT 3’ and JW2, the reverse primer 5’ TCA CCT ACG GAT ACC TTG TT 3’ to amplify a 183-bp region of the 18S G. lamblia rRNA gene.

Results

Out of 355 stool samples, fifty samples were positive for G. lamblia at a prevalence rate of (14.1%) by Direct wet mount and ELISA, and forty of them were positive (11.4%) by PCR. Males showed a higher (18.1%) prevalence rate than females (5.4%). The highest rate (26.9%) of infection was found in (13-18) age groups, while the lowest rate (2.3%) was fond in (6-12) year of ages. The prevalence rate in rural area was higher than urban area (15.7%), (13.4%) respectively. The sequences alignments were 91.30% and 98.52% similar to M90523.1 and M90524.1 respectively. In comparison to Microscopic exam, both ELISA and PCR recorded the same specificity rate 99.67% as direct wet mount, but were different sensitivity rate 100% and 80% respectively. 

Conclusion

Direct wet mount and ELISA was more sensitive than PCR (80%), but they were specific at the same rate (99.67%), and this indicate that there is more than one gene of G. lamblia is endemic in Sulaimani Province.
THE ROLE OF CORNEAL COLLAGEN CROSS-LINKING IN KERATOCONUS MANAGEMENT: BASED ON ONE-CENTER EXPERIENCE IN SULAIMANI CITY, KURDISTAN REGION-IRAQ
Authors: Rashid Kosar
Published: March 2021

Background 

Corneal Collagen Cross-Linking has a major role in the management of keratoconus.

Objectives 

Determining the effectiveness of Corneal Cross-linking, using Corneal Topography and tomography, with progressive Keratoconus.

Materials and Methods

The study conducted at Soma Eye Center, Sulaimani City, Kurdistan-Iraq, six months from September 2018 to March 2019. A total of 34 eyes of 20 patients with progressive bilateral Keratoconus. Each patient sought written informed consent, which was accompanied by corneal cross-linking with the riboflavin topical eye drops. Patients were  followed up the for 6 months and corneal topography and tomography was replicated and recorded.

Results

The patients ‘ age was between 12 and 35 years. There were 12 females and 8 males. The change in post procedure K1 was statistically significant at the significant level of 0.05 as the p-value was 0.029. For the post procedure K2 the same can be noticed as the p value was 0.0. In addition post procedure central corneal thickness change was remarkable, the mean change in central corneal thickness was about 10.14µ, and this change was significant at the statistical level of 0.05, because the P value was 0.00. Changes in keratometry, was more significant for female than male both for K1 and K2, mean K1 change for males was 0.05 and for females was 0.2, the same result can be viewed for the post procedure change in K2, mean change for males was 0.6 while for females was 0.8. These changes were more significant in female than in male. P values were 0.01 and 0.00 respectively.

Conclusion

In patients with progressive Keratoconus within six months of follow-up it has been demonstrated that corneal cross-linking is effective for inducing regression or halting progression of disease, while the effectiveness of the corneal cross-linking has been affected by patients’ gender but not by age.
Formación política para la paz
Authors: Prada Montaño Sindy Johana
Published: March 2021

Esta investigación apunta a establecer el carácter y alcance de la relación entre los supuestos epistemológicos de los lineamientos curriculares en formación política, específicamente los Lineamientos Curriculares en Constitución Política y Democracia (LCCD), y los criterios de paz justa en sociedades que atraviesan escenarios de postconflicto. Aquí se plantea realizar el análisis de la estructura soportada en objetivos como la identificación de criterios de paz justa (reconocimiento y redistribución) y su relación con la construcción de sociedades con sentido de justicia en periodos de transición a la paz; además, se pretende la postulación de una propuesta que anime la reconfiguración de los lineamientos curriculares para la formación política, con el fin de que se integren las necesidades de una sociedad en postconflicto. Finalmente, se colige que en efecto hay una relación entre los LCCD y los criterios de paz justa, pero que dicha relación debe ser reconfigurada a partir del enfoque en el sujeto, la ciudadanía y la reflexión sobre la justicia, la paz y la democracia.
Acercamiento al pensamiento moral de docentes en formación a partir de narrativas de experiencias en el cumplimiento de normas
Authors: Portillo Guerra Carlos Javier
Published: March 2021

Se presentan los resultados de una investigación desarrollada en la Maestría en Educación de la Universidad Libre, en la que se buscó identificar cómo las experiencias pasadas con las normas —en los espacios de la familia y el colegio— influyen en el pensamiento moral de docentes en formación, específicamente al valorar el comportamiento de estudiantes de primaria en el salón de clases como correcto o incorrecto. De esta manera, se trabajó con cinco mujeres docentes en formación, quienes a través de la técnica de grupos focales compartieron sus experiencias al respecto para luego, por medio de un proceso de narrativas hermenéuticas, se comprendió de qué manera lo vivido en su infancia y adolescencia contribuye a la hora de valorar moralmente la conducta de sus estudiantes. Los resultados indican que las experiencias familiares influyen en la atribución de causa del comportamiento incorrecto. Por su parte, las experiencias estudiantiles en el colegio contribuyen significativamente en la comprensión que poseen sobre la autoridad y las relaciones con los estudiantes, pero también la carga emocional interviene en la manera en que consideran si las decisiones de las docentes ante las faltas es adecuada o exagerada. Finalmente, la formación académica y la práctica profesional ofrecen información para tratar de resolver conflictos —dilemas morales— que surgen en ellas en el momento de afrontar comportamientos incorrectos por parte de sus estudiantes.
ÖĞRETMENLERİN KORONAVİRÜS PANDEMİSİ DÖNEMİNDE VERDİKLERİ UZAKTAN EĞİTİME İLİŞKİN METAFORİK ALGILARI
Authors: Kazu İbrahim Yaşar , Bahçeci Ferhat , Kurtoğlu Yalçın Cemre
Published: March 2021

Bu araştırmanın amacı öğretmenlerin bu dönemde verdikleri uzaktan eğitime ilişkin algılarını metaforlar yoluyla belirlemektir. Bu çalışma, 2019-2020 eğitim öğretim yılında görev yapmakta olan, pandemi sürecinde uzaktan eğitim veren 78 öğretmenin katılımıyla yürütülmüştür. Veriler, Google form aracılığıyla çevrimiçi veri toplama aracı olarak hazırlanmış, açık uçlu sorulardan oluşan ‘Öğretmenlerin Koronavirüs Pandemisi Döneminde Verdikleri ‘Uzaktan Eğitim’e İlişkin Metaforik Algıları’ isimli form ile elde edilmiştir. Araştırmada nitel araştırma yöntemi içerisinde yer alan olgu bilim deseni kullanılmıştır. Katılımcılar, bu süreçte verdikleri uzaktan eğitimi, öğrencileriyle kurdukları iletişimi ve verdikleri ödevleri metaforlar yoluyla değerlendirmişlerdir. Verilerin çözümlenmesinde içerik analizinden faydalanılmıştır. Elde edilen metaforlar kategorilere ayrılmış ve isimlendirilmiş, metaforların kullanım sıklığı hesaplanmıştır. Uzaktan eğitime ilişkin üretilen metaforlara bakıldığında, katılımcı öğretmenlerin daha çok olumsuz metaforlar ürettiği, bu sürecin istenilen düzeyde verimli geçmediğini düşündükleri görülmüştür. Katılımcı öğretmenlerin büyük çoğunluğu, öğrencilerin bu süreci yeterince ciddiye almamaları ve teknik alt yapı eksikliği sorununun bu sürecin verimsiz geçmesine sebep olduğunu belirtmiş, fikirlerini farklı metaforlar yoluyla ifade etmişlerdir.
Una mirada regional a la seguridad alimentaria en América Latina y el Caribe durante el primer año de COVID-19
Authors: Salazar Lina , Muñoz Gonzalo , Suarez Ginés , García Negro Álvaro , De Salvo Carmine Paolo , Rios Ana R. , Le Pommellec Marion , Chakalall Yuri , Inurritegui Marisol , Martel Pedro
Published: March 2021

Con cifras extraídas de diferentes fuentes de información, este documento nos da una idea general de la problemática de la seguridad alimentaria en los países de América Latina y el Caribe en el año 2020, a causa de la pandemia del COVID-19.
Inter-American Development Bank Sixth Annual Report 1965
Authors:   Inter-American Development Bank
Published: March 2021

The Sixth Annual Report contains a review of the Bank's operations in 1965.
Modelo Multicritério de Gerenciamento do Sortimento de Produtos para o Setor de Panificação
Authors: Mendonça Matheus De Melo , Aires Renan Felinto de Farias
Published: March 2021

A gestão do sortimento de produtos é um fator-chave por envolver a satisfação dos clientes, devido às suas necessidades por mais opções de escolha, e a gestão das empresas, devido ao alto custo associado a grandes sortimentos. Nesse contexto, o objetivo deste estudo foi o de desenvolver um modelo multicritério de gerenciamento do sortimento de produtos para o setor de panificação. Para isso, foram considerados nove critérios divididos em quatro categorias para avaliação de produtos do setor de panificação de uma rede de supermercados do nordeste brasileiro. O método utilizado foi o TOPSIS e os resultados foram apresentados por meio de rankings das alternativas envolvidas na pesquisa e suas implicações. A partir dos resultados, foi possível apresentar de que forma o sortimento dos produtos pode ser mais eficiente dada a competitividade do mercado, com destaque para sugestões de manutenção e melhoria de produtos líderes de vendas, eliminação de produtos redundantes e de outros com elevados índices de perdas/vendas ou custos, bem como a preservação de produtos com diferenciais competitivos. Concluiu-se que o modelo foi satisfatório em atender o objetivo proposto.
Capacidade de Aprendizagem Organizacional e Desempenho Organizacional: Estudo em Empresas da Indústria Moveleira
Authors: Wojahn Rafaele Matte , Gomes Giancarlo , Zonatto Vinicius Costa da Silva
Published: March 2021

O presente estudo objetiva verificar as relações existentes entre a capacidade de aprendizagem organizacional, o desempenho inovador e o desempenho organizacional, quando moderados pela turbulência ambiental, em empresas da indústria moveleira localizadas nos estados de Santa Catarina e do Rio Grande do Sul. Os dados foram analisados pela estatística descritiva, no intuito de qualificar a amostra e, por modelagem de equações estruturais para testar a relação entre os construtos. Os resultados demonstraram que os facilitadores da capacidade de aprendizagem organizacional são existentes na indústria moveleira, bem como, quanto ao desempenho inovador, há a existência das dimensões de eficácia e eficiência. Entretanto, dada a amostra pesquisada, apenas a capacidade de aprendizagem organizacional impacta no desempenho inovador.
Mulheres na Política: Desafios e Perspectivas
Authors: Teixeira Marcella Barbosa Miranda , Mota Santos Carolina Maria
Published: March 2021

O caso de ensino apresenta a trajetória de vida e de atuação política da única vereadora mulher na cidade de Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Maria Regina Braga. Neste caso, Regina relembra as dificuldades enfrentadas para se manter na política por cinco mandatos consecutivos e fala das suas aspirações futuras. Os dados foram coletados por meio de duas entrevistas, no Facebook da vereadora e no site da Câmara Municipal de Ouro Preto. O caso propõe que os/as alunos/as analisem a situação das mulheres na política, ao mesmo tempo em que traz uma reflexão a respeito dos desafios enfrentados e as perspectivas futuras.
Análise temporal dos aspectos clínicos e sociais relacionados a sífilis congênita na Paraíba entre 2008 e 2017
Authors: Duarte Matheus Santos , Machado Michael Ferreira , Souza Carlos Dornels Freire de
Published: March 2021

Congenital syphilis is a disease resulting from vertical transmission of the Treponema pallidum bacterium from the infected mother to her child, which can result in several sequelae for the newborn. This study aimed to analyze the clinical and social characteristics of mothers whose children were affected by this disease in Paraíba between 2008 and 2017. It is a descriptive and cross-sectional study developed from secondary data from the Ministry of Health. The trends were analyzed through a segmented regression model using Joinpoint software. The statistical results were compared with the government actions implemented in the analyzed time period, in the scope of the fight against syphilis. A higher proportion of cases of this disease was observed in women with brown skin and low schooling. This proportion was higher than the national average. A high percentage of inadequate treatment was also observed. Although this ratio has decreased lately, the proportion of those who did not undergo treatment has increased. Prenatal care has been increasingly performed by these pregnant women. In this sense, the influence of the Rede Cegonha on this process can be highlighted, providing greater reach and quality of prenatal care, in addition to the expansion of the capacity of testing and treatment of pregnant women with syphilis.

 
Cenários de mudanças climáticas influenciando a germinação e vigor de sementes de Mimosa tenuiflora e Cenostigma pyramidalis
Authors: Cunha Maria do Carmo Learth , Ferreira Thiago Costa , Silva Roberta Patrícia De Sousa
Published: March 2021

Climatic changes occurring on the planet can cause problems in the physiological behavior of plant seeds from the Caatinga biome. The objective of this research was to evaluate a reference scenario to climate changes in the germination and vigor of Mimosa tenuiflora and Cenostigma pyramidalis seeds. For this, different treatments of environmental stress (combinations of temperature, relative humidity, luminous intensities, and water stresses) were tested on seeds of M. tenuiflora and C. pyramidalis. Using Gerbox boxes with vermiculite substrate, the assays were assembled in CRD, and evaluated for variations related to germination and seed and seedlings vigor. The results obtained were obtained by ANOVA and by the Scott-Knott means test. The germination and vigor of M. tenuiflora seeds and seedlings were reduced after a temperature of 30°C. C. pyramidalis seeds germinated only under conditions of alternating temperature, absence of water stress and cannot tolerate temperatures above 30°C. Climatic changes can affect the germination and vigor of the studied species. Research with this theme must be carried out to improve the management of these species in relation to the effects of climate changes.
Casos de arboviroses e correlação com os indicadores de infestação vetorial, fatores climáticos e determinantes sociais de saúde
Authors: Chaves Tatiany Liberal Dias , De Freitas Janyeire Gurgel , Guedes Diego Nunes , Neto Gabriel Chaves , Rocha Thiago José Matos , Cavalcanti Marília Gabriela Dos Santos
Published: March 2021

There are two main species of mosquitoes of the genus Aedes (Aedes aegypti and Ae. albopictus) capable of transmitting dengue and other arboviruses such as Zika, chikungunya, and yellow fever. The present study aimed to characterize data on arboviruses and their correlation with the population density of vectors, climatic and socio-environmental factors in the city of João Pessoa-PB. We selected districts in the neighbourhood that integrate two distinct strata organized and grouped according to the Survey of the Rapid Index of Ae. aegypti (LIRAa) in the municipality of João Pessoa-PB. Stratum I, composed of districts with low quality life indicators, while stratum II grouped neighborhoods with better indicators. In these strata, epidemiological data were compared with the population density of vectors, climatic and socioeconomic factors from 2015 to 2017. It was found that Stratum II presented a strong correlation between the Building Infestation Index and the climatic variables related to precipitation and relative humidity. According to epidemiological data, Stratum I presented a higher number of dengue, Zika and chikungunya notifications, with significant difference (p = 0.001) in relation to Stratum II. Results indicated thatthe Breteau and building infestation indices are considered high; these data indicate that the population presents a higher probability of risk of arbovirus outbreak, mainly in periods of greater rainfall due to the accumulation of water in artificial reservoirs.
Disclosure dos governos locais: nem tudo é transparente
Authors: Fabre Valkyrie Vieira , Bornia Antônio Cezar , Borgert Altair
Published: March 2021

The objective of this paper is to analyze the level of transparency of information disclosed to local citizens of Santa Catarina - Brazil. The research was conducted under the lens of the theory of disclosure. The theoretical foundation addresses aspects related to mandatory disclosure, accountability, public transparency and legal standardization. This is a quantitative and descriptive study that used documentary survey procedures. The municipalities of Santa Catarina were analyzed using a random sample. Data were statistically treated using the Classical Test Theory in order to validate the research instrument and analyze the results. Cronbach’s alpha of 0.944 confirmed the usefulness of the instrument for measuring the latent trait for which it is intended. It was found that most municipalities do not comply with the legal requirement of mandatory disclosure of data on their official website. On average only 69% of the data established in the legal standard are met. The results reveal flaws in disclosure and supervision, as well as the need to review and improve disclosure, accountability and transparency of information available on official websites of local governments.
Atención, memoria y funciones ejecutivas en niños con antecedentes de maltrato
Authors: Arias Ramírez Yaira Zuleine , Galvis Restrepo Astrid Yulet , Bareño Silva José , Carvajal-Castrillón Julián
Published: March 2021

El objetivo del presente estudio es describir la atención, la memoria y las funciones ejecutivas en niños entre los 5 y 12 años con antecedentes de maltrato infantil, con o sin criterios de estrés postraumático, de la ciudad de Medellín. El estudio es de tipo descriptivo, con diseño transversal analítico para dos grupos. Se realizó la Entrevista neuropsiquiátrica internacional para niños y adolescentes (M.I.N.I-KIDS) y se aplicaron subpruebas de la Evaluación Neuropsicológica Infantil (ENI), así como la Batería Neuropsicológica de Funciones Ejecutivas y Lóbulos Frontales (BANFE). Los resultados fueron los siguientes: TEPT N=10, edad = 7.8 (DE=2.1) y No TEPT N=16, edad = 7.7 (DE=2.1). No se presentaron diferencias estadísticamente significativas en los procesos evaluados entre los dos grupos. Estos hallazgos concuerdan con otros sobre el tema y resaltan la pertinencia de implementar investigaciones que incluyan un mayor número de casos y otro tipo de variables.
La sostenibilidad del ecoturismo “la arquitectura al medio”
Authors: Zuluaga Alvarez John
Published: March 2021

Colombia ha decidido adoptar a la industria hotelera como una locomotora que jalone su desarrollo sin poner en riesgo su riqueza natural.Sin embargo, la industria hotelera ha generado presiones muy fuertes en ámbitos que son, potencialmente, el corazón mismo de nuestra identidad. La necesidad de destinos cada vez más exóticos la ha llevado en búsqueda de valores que hasta este momento se encontraban intactos en medio del aislamiento del subdesarrollo.Y ¿Cuál es el papel de la arquitectura en esto? La arquitectura se está prestando para mercadear una imagen de “amigable con el medio ambiente” que le permite a la industria hotelera adentrarse cada vez más en lo profundo de nuestros ecosistemas.La arquitectura ha encontrado en el prefijo “Eco” una herramienta que permite expiar culpas, incluso, la ha convertido en una oportunidad de crecimiento económico en medio de la actual crisis ambiental. Esta eco-vestidura lastimosamente ha sido creada bajo la misma lógica del modelo de pensamiento que trajo la crisis (Consumir = Crecer = Desarrollar).La relación desarrollo – arquitectura – naturaleza debe ser mediada en el arquitecto por su moral, la cual le deberá permitir discernir en cada encargo si la transformación que su edificación genera en el medio es realmente beneficiosa o si por el contrario lo pone en riesgo.Un edificio en un lugar de alto valor natural, así sea para eco-turismo, implica un riesgo debido a que como disciplina, más aun como sociedad, no contamos con las herramientas suficientes para que la experiencia de contemplar no cause impactos negativos.
La Universidad y la Agenda 2030
Authors: Matiz Camacho Hernando
Published: March 2021

Permítanme por favor mencionar el artículo del Dr. Moisés Wessarman, ex-rector de la Universidad Nacional titulado: ¿“Para qué sirve la Universidad”’. Hace cuatro semanas en el periódico El tiempo ¿Quien dice que en un encuentro con alguien le preguntaba a él, “para qué sirve la universidad colombiana? según quien interroga dice: que la universidad no educa individuos profesionales para las empresas y las organizaciones y que llegan mal preparados”. Dice el autor citado ¿Para qué sirvió la universidad? que llamamos occidental que nació en Bolonia en el año 1088. Italia era una de las regiones más cultas del mundo, sin embargo, menos del 10% sabían leer y escribir. Por lo tanto, era una universidad que le servía a unas élites muy pequeñas y en el caso de Bolonia para las generaciones de estas élites y de los privilegios de ciertas familias.
Creatividad artificial
Authors: Torres Soler Luis Carlos
Published: March 2021

La creatividad es una capacidad, una cualidad, una característica que poseen las personas, aunque no se percibe en todas estas en el mismo grado, y debe desarrollarse para que salga a flote. Por esto, la creatividad requiere entrenamiento, ejercicio, potenciación, como todas las capacidades cognitivas, y un entorno que estimule, motive o aliente a la persona. No se enseña ni se aprende. Se impulsa por estímulos que eliminan bloqueos, temores y miedos construidos por factores externos. La creatividad ha sido base para el desarrollo social, económico, tecnológico de toda la humanidad a través de la historia. Por la creatividad se generan distintos mecanismos, en especial para que las máquinas puedan pensar, aprender, reflexionar como lo hace el ser humano; esto lleva a que surjan reflexiones en torno a si existirá la creatividad artificial; es decir, si las máquinas serán creativas. Este artículo reflexiona a partir de procesos investigativos sobre desarrollo de tutores inteligentes, redes neuronales artificiales y construcción de bases de conocimiento, en los que se ha evidenciado que, además de pensar en la elaboración de mecanismos para que la máquina tenga inteligencia, también se debe pensar en los mecanismos para que sea creativa.
Diseño de un dispositivo robótico bio-inspirado en una araña para la evaluación del dióxido de carbono indexado en el aire
Authors: Rojas Suaréz María Camila , Noriega Álvarez Santiago , Leon Rodriguez Hernando
Published: March 2021

Las arañas, en comparación con la mayoría de otros animales, tiene la habilidad para acceder a diferentes tipos de medio ambiente donde otros animales o incluso los humanos no pueden acceder. Estos atributos de las arañas se toman en este proyecto para el diseño y desarrollo de un robot araña cuadrúpedo en condiciones de poder moverse en todo tipo de direcciones y realizar el movimiento de ascender o descender. Este artículo presenta el modelo dinámico y cinemático con el propósito de entender como matemáticamente un animal cuadrúpedo y una araña caminan. En este caso nosotros estudiamos el movimiento de una araña real para así poder definir un modelo biomimético adecuado para nuestro robot. Igualmente, la simulación del movimiento fue implementada y los resultados son mostrados.
Diseño e Implementación del Sistema Electrónico y Comunicación para el Control un Robot Modular Tipo Serpiente
Authors: Torres Vera Javier Camilo , Gómez Daniel Armando , Leon Rodriguez Hernando
Published: March 2021

Este proyecto consiste en el desarrollo de un sistema electrónico para manipular a un robot serpiente de manera modular; se implementaron tarjetas electrónicas en una relación maestro-esclavas para el control articular de cada módulo mecánico. Estas tarjetas se componen de un DSPic30F4011, microcontrolador de 16 bits de Microchip que incorpora el modulo CAN, protocolo esencial para la comunicación entre tarjetas, salidas PWM para el control de motores, puertos análogos y digitales; como también un socket para conectarse a un dispositivo externo a través de la UART. El firmware ha sido escrito en MikroC Pro. Cada microcontrolador implementa una ecuación característica proveniente de las curvas de Hirose para generar un movimiento serpentino. Este movimiento se simuló usando ROS (Robotic Operating System) en Rviz y finalmente se implementó en el prototipo robot.
Integración significativa de las cátedras de Ecología y Gerencia de Proyectos en el Programa de Ingeniería Industrial. Proyecto, Diseño y Elaboración de un Invernadero a base de botellas reciclables en colegio los Reyes Catolicos de Bogotá
Authors: Jiménez Uribe Paola
Published: March 2021

Este articulo evidencia el trabajo realizado en la catedra de Ecología, del programa Ingenieria Industrial, con la integración de Gerencia de Proyectos a partir de la metodología del PMI, con los temas específicos de gestión de interesados, acta de constitucion, alcance y WBS, cuyo objetivo final es que el estudiante obtenga los conocimientos, herramientas y técnicas necesarias en gerencia de proyectos que le permitan desde su disciplina y desde los enfoques de la asignatura ecología, identificar una necesidad, formular, planear y ejecutar proyectos que los motiven hacia el compromiso social, generando entregables que beneficien a comunidades vulnerables. La siguiente muestra, es el trabajo de un grupo de estudiantes de segundo semestre, que, orientados por sus docentes, lograron implementar en el colegio Los Reyes Catolicos un invernadero hecho a base de botellas reciclables desde la metodología de proyectos PMI.
Elementos de Decisión para la Adopción de Tecnologías en la Siembra de Cultivos de Café – Caso Municipio de El Colegio’ (Departamento de Cundinamarca - Colombia)
Authors: Gaitán Carlos Alberto , Ibáñez Astaburuaga Alejandro
Published: March 2021

Para cerca de 500.000 familias en 580 municipios de Colombia, la principal fuente de ingreso es el cultivo de café; una parte muy importante de la caficultura ha sufrido las consecuencias del envejecimiento en un 37% a nivel nacional, para el caso de Cundinamarca el 55% lo constituye la caficultura envejecida y en el municipio de El Colegio objeto del estudio, la cifra asciende al 64%. El objetivo de la investigación fue identificar las causas de la baja apropiación de las tecnologías para la renovación de cafetales en este municipio de Cundinamarca. Desde el punto de vista metodológico se escogió el enfoque sistémico, el método de análisis fue el descriptivo cualitativo y la identificación de información se hizo tanto de fuentes secundarias como de fuentes primarias mediante la observación y entrevistas a extensionistas y caficultores cuyas fincas tuviesen lotes de café tradicional y tecnificado. Los ejes de análisis trabajados fueron los directamente comprometidos con el proceso de adopción de tecnologías. La investigación concluyó que las principales causas respecto a la adopción de tecnologías para la renovación de cafetales en el municipio El Colegio (Cundinamarca) son de índole económica en dos sentidos: primero que el caficultor deja de percibir recursos durante un periodo de dos años y segundo el flujo de caja que arroja una plantación de café en plena producción no cubre los costos de la renovación. Las anteriores restricciones no involucran el tema educativo de la escala de adopción de tecnología.
Redes de valor y logística en la industria manufacturera: procesos claves. Estudio de modelos y casos
Authors: Suárez Serrano Mónica Yinette , Molina-Prieto Luis Fernando , Villa Camacho María Eugenia
Published: March 2021

El artículo presenta resultados de investigación en los campos de las redes de valor y la logística, en el sector de las industrias manufactureras. En la primera parte —tras esbozar un breve marco histórico—, se analizan las relaciones entre estos dos conceptos y se desarrolla una sucinta aproximación a sus orígenes y evolución. En el apartado de metodología se describen los criterios y las técnicas seleccionadas para la fase exploratoria de la investigación, de la cual procede el artículo. En la segunda parte se presentan los resultados obtenidos de los trabajos de campo realizados en tres industrias del sector: calzado, confecciones y textiles, a partir de los cuales se plantea un modelo integrador de los procesos de la logística en las redes de valor. Se concluye que es necesario diseñar herramientas y modelos que integren los procesos de los campos de la logística, que logren cerrar el ciclo a través de diseños de redes de valor de ciclo cerrado y que integren la logística hacia adelante y hacia atrás.
Use of Cotton Apparel Waste as an Energy Source for Biomass Boilers: A Feasibility Study
Authors: Prasanga Wadumesthri Chethiya , Nawarathna Amalka , Rathnasiri Pavithra
Published: March 2021

The steady growth of the Sri Lankan apparel manufacturing sector over the last three decades has resulted in generating large amount of solid apparel waste. Currently, it is a massive environmental and financial burden of the sector. As a solution, few apparel manufacturers have initiated using apparel waste, specifically the cotton apparel waste for biomass boilers. The apparel sector as one of the major thermal energy consumers, they consider it as a possible solution not only for the apparel waste disposal issue, but also for the challenge of getting continuous supply of firewood for the boilers. However, the promotion of such a solution throughout the apparel industry is impractical without a feasibility study in terms of social, environmental, financial, legal and technical aspects over its mechanism. Therefore, this research focused to identify the feasibility of using cotton apparel waste for biomass boilers as an energy source. Towards this aim, a qualitative research approach was followed involving the case study strategy. Basically, two cases were selected and analysed the feasibility of using cotton waste for boilers under pre-determined feasibility criteria in detail. Data collection for the case study was done through a document survey and expert interviews. Findings revealed the entire feasibility of environmental, financial, legal and technical aspects and in overall it can be concluded that the use of cotton apparel waste for biomass boilers as an energy source is feasible. Accordingly, this study provides insights into making decisions on managing both waste disposal and heat energy requirement issues of the apparel factories.
Effect of Doses of Green Manure from Different Sources on Growth and Yield of Maize in Dryland
Authors: Idham Idham , Pagiu Salapu , Lasmini Sri Anjar , Nasir Burhanuddin Haji
Published: March 2021

Dryland has low soil fertility. Efforts that can be made to improve soil fertility are fertilizer technologies such as green manure compost. The aim of this study was to determine the type and dose of green manure to increase the growth, production and nutrient uptake of maize in the dryland. The research was conducted in Sidera Village Sigi Biromaru District, Sigi Regency, Central Sulawesi from June to December 2018. The research used a factorial randomized block design. The first factor is the type of green manure consisting of three levels, namely mungbean green manure (K1), peanut green manure (K2) and Centrosema pubescens green manure (K3). The second factor is the dose of green manure which consists of three levels, namely 5 t. ha-1 (D1), 7.5 t. ha-1 (D2) and 10 t. ha-1 (D3). Thus, there are 9 treatment combinations, each treatment consisting of 3 replications so that there are 27 experimental units. Data were analyzed statistically using the F test and if significantly different it was followed by the least significant difference (LSD) Fisher’s test, P-value 0.05. These results showed that the types and dose of green manure increase the growth and yield of maize, namely leaf area, stem diameter, cob length, the weight of 100 dry shelled seeds, and production per hectare of the dry weight of corn shelled. The highest nutrient uptake and maize production were obtained in the application of C. pubescens green manure at a dose of 10 t. ha-1, namely nitrogen uptake of 7.68%, phosphorus of 0.39%, potassium of 0.09% and yield of 6.44 t. ha-1.
New Blade Profile of VAWT: Experimental and Analysis to Introduce It in Urban Cites
Authors: Zeroual Aouachria , Rabab Belalmi , Louiza Haddad , Sihem Tighaza
Published: March 2021

The use of wind turbines for small-scale and urban applications is a topic that is receiving increasing attention. The use of wind turbines for small-scale and urban applications is a topic that is receiving increasing attention. This work concerns the Savonius rotor. It is divided into three parts. The first one consists in an original experiment which has led to the direct measurement of the pressure field on the blades of a rotating Savonius rotor. In the second part, the results are introduced in a generalized model to calculate the efforts which generate the vibrations at the rotor supports. This study explains well the vibratory behaviour of the rotor. Finally, in a third part an experiment analysis of an adequate system of a suspension to stabilise or avoid these vibrations is proposed. This study explains clearly the vibratory behaviour of the rotor.