bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Addressing high HIV-1 variability to alleviate symptoms and avoid immune evasion
Authors: Zhang Xiaoxiao , Lin Yuhan , Zhang Ying , Ouyang Jess Lan , Peng Jingli , Liu Qiuyun
Published: May 2022

HIV-1/AIDS is a devastating disease disrupting the lives of tens of millions of people across the world. An effective vaccine is still not yet in sight. The proteins encoded by this virus possess astonishingly high contents of hydrogen bonding-capable amino acid residues, conferring proton stress, allowing the buildup of mutagenic HCl and prompting rapid viral evolution. As high variation rates permit viral immune evasion, one feasible way to perhaps contain HIV-1 is to attenuate proton stress and minimize viral mutagenesis. Weak organic acid-rich diet and calcium supplement can be integrated to achieve this objective, since they counteract strong acids via raising cellular pH or enhancing the formation of insoluble and stiff calcium salts to neutralize acids respectively. Alternatively, multiple divalent cation-binding residues such as glycine, valine or acidic amino acids can be attached to terminus of proteins with lower content of hydrogen bonding-capable amino acids for vaccine development.
PERBEDAAN KOPERASI DENGAN ORGANISASI LAINNYA
Authors: putri Aulia ananda
Published: May 2022

Koperasi merupakan suatu bentuk kerja sama dalam perekonomian, kerja sama ini terjadi karena adanya kesamaan jenis kebutuhan hidup mereka. Mereka bersama sama mengusahakan kebutuhan sehari hari, kebutuahan yang berhubungan dengan lembaga maupun rumah tangga. Pada hakikatnya koperasi adlah organisasi ekonomi rakyat yang berwatak sosial, beranggotakan orang atau badan hukum yang berdasarkan asas kekeluargaan. di mana koperasi merupakan yang sesuai dengan semangat jiwa gotong royong bangsa indonesia. Karakteristik utama koperasi yang membedakan dengan dengan badan usaha lain adalah bahwa anggota koperasi memiliki identitas ganda (the duel identity of the member) yaitu anggota sebagai pemilik dan sekaligus pengguna jasa koperasi (user own orientid firm). Badan usaha koperasi merupakan badan usaha yang didirikan, dimodali, dibiayai, diatur dan diawasi serta dimanfaatkan sendiri oleh anggota. Modal koperasi merupakan simpanan pokok dan simpanan wajib dan simpanan sukarela cadangan dan hibah.
Women's career in Vietnamese academia: An analysis from multiple lenses
Authors: Mai Nhat Chi
Published: May 2022

The findings from this study make several contributions to the current literature. First, this study is one of the first to thoroughly examine the gendering process in Vietnam in general, and in Vietnamese academia specifically. The new insights about the gendering process help to pave the way for the development of gender studies in Vietnam, (de)construction women’s careers in Vietnam, and to integrate a minority perspective into mainstream scholarly works. Moreover, my study explores the construction of gender and its impact on women’s experience in the labour market in relation to the imposition of eastern and western knowledge in a developing country whose colonial history is shaped by both eastern and western colonisation. This study will be of interest to any colonial discourse scholars who attempt to challenge the view of the relations between (and among) Western and Eastern countries as binary, fixed and categorial with the West as the colonisers and the East as the colonised.One major limitation of the study is that although the study focuses on the ‘other’ perspective, the Vietnamese academia is treated as homogenous and some factors such as ethnicities or regional culture have not been paid adequate attention. In addition, my study focuses solely on academic women in heterosexual relationships and therefore might overlook the subordination of people with non-heteronormative forms of sexuality.
Tugas Metodologi Penelitian
Authors: Robbani Afifah
Published: May 2022

Congestive Heart Failure atau lebih sering dikenal dengan penyakit gagal jantung adalah penyakit sindrom klinis yang ditandai dengan sesak nafas saat istirahat atau saat aktivitas yang disebabkan oleh kelainan struktur atau fungsi jantung. Klien CHF dengan ketidakefektifan pola nafas perlu diberikan posisi semi fowler. Tujuan: diberikan posisi ini untuk menurunkan konsumsi oksigen dan meningkatkan ekspansi paru yang maksimal, sehingga ketidakefektifan pola nafas klien lebih optimal pada pasien CHF di RSUD Wates. Metode: Jenis penelitian ini adalah deskriptif dengan menggunakan metode pendekatan studi kasus. Subjek dalam studi kasus ini adalah dua orang pasien yang terkena CHF dengan ketidakefektifan pola nafas. Intervensi semifowler position dilakukan dimana posisi kepala dan tubuh dinaikkan dengan 45°. Hasil: Penerapan posisi semi fowler (posisi duduk 45°) selama 3x24 jam sesuai dengan SOP membantu mengurangi sesak nafas dan membantu mengoptimalkan RR pada klien sehingga masalah ketidakefektifan pola nafas dapat teratasi.Kesimpulan: Intervensi pengaturan sudut posisi tidur secara bermakna dapat menghasilkan respirasi yang baik, sehingga bisa dipertimbangkan sebagai salah satu intervensi untuk mengoptimalkan ketidakefektifan pola nafas.
TUGAS METODOLOGI PENELITIAN
Authors: Ghania Rastrahayyu
Published: May 2022

TUGAS METODOLOGI PENELITIAN
Post-war Labour Market Reconstruction : The Case of the Democratic Republic of the Congo
Authors: Mai Nhat Chi
Published: May 2022

The Democratic Republic of Congo experienced a merciless war from 1998 to 2002 that seriously affected its labour market, as it did all other aspects of society. The effects on the labour market have aroused various debates. This thesis offers a first analysis of the reconstruction process of the labour market in post-war Congo, and of the roles that key actors involved played in it. It asks the following fundamental question: what are the processes involved in the reconstruction of the post-war Congolese labour market, and how did the main actors affect these processes? The research used a constructivist methodological approach and the extended case method to collect detailed data through field interviews conducted with 109 people in Kinshasa. The data suggest that the past of the Congolese labour market is clearly visible in its post-war recovery processes (2003–2018). While the past weighed heavily on the present, from 2003 to 2011 the Congolese government nevertheless delayed the implementation of reform policies aimed at achieving a functioning labour market. Reforms introduced since then have been blunted by poor implementation processes. Moreover, the inherent weakness of Congo’s labour market institutions deepened the lack of impact of the reconstruction attempts. Likewise, the private sector did not contribute substantially to efforts at creating an effective labour market. Entering this landscape, many Congolese employees struggled to achieve integration into the formal labour market. The main argument of this thesis is that the post-war Congolese labour market has experienced an extended reconstruction due to delayed and poorly implemented labour market policies. On a more positive note, this study demonstrates the usefulness of Peck’s theory of labour market social regulation as an efficient theoretical tool in evaluating a problematic transition such as that experienced in the Democratic Republic of Congo.
How to stay motivated: The influence of agency and progress related incentives on sustained effort exertion
Authors: Emanuel Aviv
Published: May 2022

Motivation is thought to decrease as the rewards and costs of task performance dynamically change over time. Most models fail to account, however, for situations in which motivation tends to increase, or how can it be sustained over time. Here, we draw from novel accounts of deadline-bound effort exertion to examine ways by which motivation can be sustained for long periods. In two within-subject experiments (total N = 118; 64 women), participants performed a computer game paradigm found to reliably track changes in effort exertion over time. We found that a higher level of agency and incentivized subgoals prevented effort from declining over the task. These findings suggest, in contrast to previous accounts, that the benefits of task performance do not necessarily decline over time. In addition, people can maintain high level of effort exertion over prolonged periods without encountering any cognitive or physiological constraints.
Von Stumm, S., Malanchini, M., & Fisher, H. (2022). The developmental interplay between the p-factor of psychopathology and the g-factor of intelligence from age 7 through 16 years
Authors: von Stumm Sophie , Fisher Helen Louise , Malanchini Margherita
Published: May 2022

Intelligence and mental health are the core pillars of individual adaptation, growth, and opportunity. Here, we charted across childhood and adolescence the developmental interplay between the p-factor of psychopathology, which captures the experience of symptoms across the spectrum of psychiatric disorders, and the g-factor of general intelligence that describes the ability to think, reason, and learn.Our preregistered analyses included 7,433 twin pairs from the Twins Early Development Study (TEDS), who were born 1994 to 1996 in England and Wales. At the ages 7, 9, 12, and 16 years, the twins completed two to four intelligence tests, and multi-informant measures (i.e., self-, parent- and teacher-rated) of psychopathology were collected. We found consistent, bidirectional, and negative cross-lagged paths between p- and g-factors across childhood and adolescence that were significant (from -.07 to -.13 with 95% CIs from -.03 to -.15). The cross-lagged paths from intelligence to psychopathology were largely due to genetic influences, but the paths from psychopathology to intelligence were driven by environmental factors, and increasingly so with age.Our findings suggest that intelligence and psychopathology are developmentally intertwined due to fluctuating aetiological processes. Understanding the interplay of g- and p-factors is key for improving children’s developmental outcomes.
Early childhood inequalities: The rocky path from observation to action
Authors: von Stumm Sophie
Published: May 2022

The chapter “Early childhood inequalities” by Cattan and colleagues in the "Deaton Review on Inequality" identifies a broad range of socio- and geo-demographic correlates of children’s cognitive and social-emotional development in early life through analyses of three UK population cohort studies. The findings suggest that early life inequalities are driven by a complex nexus of multiple, often inter-correlated factors that each have a small independent effect size. In this commentary, I discuss three key implications for research and practice that follow from Cattan et al.’s work: (1) The urgent need for a theoretical framework to identify and test the mechanisms that drive early life inequalities; (2) The persistent obstacles to ameliorating early childhood inequality; and (3) The immense value of population cohort studies for understanding socio-historical trends and developing evidence-based policies.
Personality Traits and Social Structure
Authors: Daly Michael
Published: May 2022

This chapter draws together and reviews existing evidence on the relationship between personality traits and social structure. It is argued that broad influences in the social environment play an important, yet often neglected, role in shaping patterns of thoughts, feelings, and behavior across life. For example, recent research has utilized representative samples to demonstrate that commonly experienced life events including adopting adult roles may induce personality change, as conceptualized within the Big Five hierarchical framework. Conversely, early-emerging differences in personality have been shown to forecast subsequent social outcomes and contribute to socially patterned differences between individuals. To provide an ordered approach to understanding the current state of knowledge on the relationship between personality and social change the chapter is structured as follows: First, it overviews the nature of the Big Five trait dimensions and how personality may change, particularly in response to “the settings and conditions of our lives” as gauged by social indicators (e.g. employment and marital status, parenthood, income, and education) (MacLachlan, 2014). Then it switches focus to findings elucidating how personality shapes social circumstances. Finally, drawing on socioecological and geographical psychology it examines the macro-level relationship between personality and social structure and the implications of this relationship for informing intervention and policy design. Key methodological challenges and limitations of existing studies are elucidated throughout and future directions highlighted.
Leveraging Psychometrics of Rational Inattention to Estimate Individual Differences in the Capacity for Cognitive Control
Authors: Ham Huang , Grahek Ivan , Bustamante Laura Ana , Daw Nathaniel , Caplin Andrew , Musslick Sebastian
Published: May 2022

Recent years have witnessed significant advances in our understanding of bounds on rationality in both cognitive psychology and economics. These two fields have been making separate progress, but time is ripe for unifying these efforts. In this article, we introduce recently developed economic tools, themselves rooted in the psychometric tradition, to quantify individual differences in the capacity for cognitive control. These tools suggest that a reliable assessment of the capacity for cognitive control may be accomplished by examining task performance as a function of reward. We demonstrate through simulation studies that an incentive-informed measure of task performance does a better job of recovering individual differences in one’s capacity for cognitive control, compared to the commonly used congruency effect. Furthermore, we show that the economic approach can be used to predict control-dependent behavior across different task settings. We conclude by discussing future directions for the fruitful integration of behavioral economics and cognitive psychology with the aim of improved measurement of individual differences in the capacity for cognitive control.
Australian languages and interdisciplinary approaches to the past
Authors: Miceli Luisa , Bowern Claire
Published: May 2022

This chapter discusses the role that Australian languages can play in building an integrated history of the Australian past, and the challenges that must be overcome in order to make genuine progress. We first discuss linguistics internal issues that have arisen in the course of reconstructing a picture of the linguistic past more specifically – e.g. missing information, paucity of sound change and the effects of language contact. We then go on to present a case study to illustrate some of the issues encountered in integrating interdisciplinary findings for a broader reconstruction of the past - focusing on linguistics and genetics in the context of Pama-Nyungan – and how these may best be addressed
Dietary assessment of high energy ingredients of Pannicum maximum on growing pigs
Authors:   Department of Animal Science, University of Uyo, Uyo, Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria., Obongekpe R. P.
Published: May 2022

The management and production of monogastric are becoming very expensive due to the high cost of conventional feeds. There is need for cheaper feed ingredients to reduce the cost of production and make pig meat affordable for the populace. The objective of this study is to evaluate the dietary assessment of high energy ingredients of Pannicum maximum on growing pigs. A total of 45 young pigs between 18 and 19 kg live body weight on average, were used in a completely randomized design (CRD) experiment. The pigs were obtained from a landrace x large white crosses. There were five treatments of nine animals each replicated three times with three pigs per replicate. Pigs in treatment 1 (T1) were taken as the control group fed only formulated basal diet while pigs in treatments 2, 3, 4, and 5 were fed basal diet in addition to 15%, 20%, 25% and 30% of Pannicum Maximum Meal (PMM) ad libitum respectively. The whole experiment lasted for 60 days. The result revealed that pigs fed 15% PMM had significant (p<0.05) increase on their final body weight than the control and other pigs that fed PMM. Alternatively, inclusion of PMM above 15% did not have significant (p>0.05) increase in the body weight of experimental pigs than control. It was therefore concluded that PMM have a significant (p<0.05) effect on the performance of growing pigs especially at 15% level of inclusion as well as on the feed conversion ratio and daily feed intake. It was therefore recommended that Pannicum Maximum Meal (PMM) be included in pigs’ feed at 15%.
A Review on Cross-Border Livestock Trade Across Dry Land Borders of Ethiopia: The Trends and Implications
Authors:   Department of Animal Sciences, Haramaya University, Haramaya, Ethiopia, Tesfaye Angassa , Amaha Negassi ,   Department of Animal Sciences, Haramaya University, Haramaya, Ethiopia
Published: May 2022

This review paper is aimed at, reviewing trade routes and border marketing centers, trends and implications of cross-border livestock trade (CBLT) along borderlands of Ethiopia. Traded across different corridors of borderland, Ethiopia’s CBLT were traditionally, destined to middle east countries, were the Eastern trade corridor with Somalia involves massive border crossing livestock trade and stand first in terms of traded volume and values. Nonetheless, a significant proportion of CBLT along Sudan, Kenya and Djibouti corridors were also carried out across northwestern, southern and northeastern parts of the country respectively. Livestock sector in Ethiopia, supporting more than 65% of the population and contributes more than 12–15% of total export earnings of the country. However, in recent year, the evidences show that, the trends of official livestock export were declining while, informal export is exponentially increasing. The role of CBLT, on the livelihoods of herders and economy of the country were loomed in the forms of its short- or long-term impacts. In short term, it improves the livelihoods of herders and/or traders through; assisting food security in supplying foods item to the food deficit areas, raising incomes to herders/traders through selling their animals at border crossing/international markets and creates employment opportunity for traders, trekkers or brokers. Whereas, in long term impacts, CBLT have significantly, damaged the economy of our country in several ways. Consequently, Ethiopia have been losing its multi-millions (ETB) of taxes revenue from trade and the devised irrelevant policies and strategies due to the missed livestock trade data (informal) from national statistics led to undermining of sector’s economic contributions. In conclusion, any intervention(s) to the CBLT in Ethiopia virtually, requires valuation of its long- and short-term implications to the livelihoods of herders and economies of the country.
Assessment of butter making practice in Sidama zone, SNNPR
Authors:   Southern Agricultural Research Ins titute, Hawassa Agricultural Research, Center, Hawasssa, Ethiopia, Azeze Tsedey
Published: May 2022

This study was conducted to investigate traditional butter making practice, consumption and utilization in Sidama zone, Southern Nation Nationalities Peoples Region. A total of 180 households were selected from three agro ecology (60 household per each) where milk processing for butter making has long tradition. The highest and significant difference (P=0.010) on butter making practice was observed among three highlands (100%), midland (97%) and lowland agro ecology (88%). Regarding consumption of milk and milk products for household, butter milk and butter were ranked as 1st and 2nd. This was due to most of traditional foods in Sidama zone were prepared with butter and consumed by buttermilk. Besides the women’s in the study area process butter primarily for the combined benefit from the sale, for household consumption and as cosmetics which is holding the highest percent (89%) than consumption together with sailing (34%) and consumption alone (33%). In the process of making butter, the processing equipment (Clay Pot) smoked by different plant for the purpose of improving the flavor ranked as 1st and for increased butter yield (2nd rank) and to prolong the shelf life (3rd rank). Woira (Olea Africana) is the dominant smoking plant used for fumigation in the three agro-ecologies. In addition to Woira, Tside (Juniperous Procera) and Bamboo (Bambusa Vulgaris) the second and the third mostly used plants in the highlands of the studied locations respectively. Furthermore, different types of spices were added on butter while cooking. Among the spices, Koseret (Ocimum Hardiense) is dominant in the highland and lowland agro ecology where as Korerima (Aframomum Corrorima) and Abish (Trignella Foenum) in the lowland agro ecology. In the study area most of the respondents make butter from milk of local cow. The milk from exotic breeds was used for raw milk consumption than processing. There is also significance difference in the amount of milk used once for butter making that about 5.5 litter, 5litter and 3.5 liter for highland, midland and lowland agro ecology respectively. Moreover, the interviewed households make butter every 4 days in the highland and 3 day in both of the midland and lowland agro ecology. The finding also figured out that different butter processing constraints in all of the studied districts such as processing utensils easily be broken (clay Pot) (38%), time taking (30%), limited milk yield (20%) and labor taking (16%). Additionally, about 76% of the respondents have limited awareness on improved butter churner and about 17% of the respondents responded inaccessibility as the reason for not utilizing improved churner. Thus, an introduction and demonstration are required to fill the gap of improved butter churner which saves time, reduces women workload and minimize breakage of processing utensil.
Nanotechnology: A promising approach of antiviral treatments against chikungunya virus (CHIKV)
Authors:   Biomedical and Nanomedicine Department, Rajendra Memorial Research Institute of Medical Sciences (RMRIMS), Patna, India, Kumar Rishikesh , Sahoo Ganesh C ,   Biomedical and Nanomedicine Department, RMRIMS, Patna, India, Bhawna  ,   Biomedical and Nanomedicine Department, RMRIMS, Patna, India, Ramachandran Aparna ,   Biomedical and Nanomedicine Department, RMRIMS, Patna, India, Ansari Md. Yousuf ,   Division of Virology, National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases, Kolkata, India, Pandey Krishna ,   Clinical Medicine Department, RMRIMS, Agamkuan, Patna, India, Das VNR ,   Clinical Medicine Department, RMRIMS, Agamkuan, Patna, India, Topno RK ,   Clinical Medicine Department, RMRIMS, Agamkuan, Patna, India, Madhukar Major ,   Department of Microbiology, All India Institute of Medical Science (AIIMS), Patna, India, Das Pradeep ,   Molecular Biology Department, Rajendra Memorial Research Institute of Medical Sciences (ICMR), Patna, India
Published: May 2022

Following its emergence in Africa, spread to the Indian Ocean islands in 2006, and occurrences in regions of the world where it hadn’t been reported in the past, Chikungunya has become an emerging public health concern in many countries. The past outbreaks of the chikungunya virus (CHIKV) have caused widespread morbidity and mortality. No specific antiviral remedy against chikungunya is presently available and therapy only involves treating its symptoms and may involve side-effects. For instance, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) can be used to treat chikungunya-related arthritis, but can cause extremely adverse effects such as haemorrhage, especially when co-infected with dengue. Hence, there is an urgent need to devise novel strategies to combat this disease. Nanotechnology is an emerging discipline that has the ability to transform the diagnosis and treatment of viruses and other microbial pathogens. A vast number of promising antiviral treatments involving nanotechnology are currently under investigation. In this review, we provide a brief overview of this disease over the years and the current treatments available to alleviate the symptoms of chikungunya. We then summarize prospective treatments integrating the ever-expanding field of nanotechnology that have proven to be successful against other viruses such as HIV, Influenza virus and HSV, with the objective of showing that these can potentially be developed as anti-CHIKV therapy.
A case of old Anterior wall MI Presenting with left Ventricular clot and systemic embolization in a young man
Authors:   Associate Consultant Cardiology, National Heart Institute, New Delhi 110065, India, Srivastava Rajeev , Prasad Avneesh ,   DNB Cardiology, National Heart Institute, New Delhi 110065, India, Bansal Chirag ,   DNB Cardiology, National Heart Institute, New Delhi 110065, India, Gupta l.C. ,   Sr. Cardiology, National Heart Institute, New Delhi 110065, India, Sharma Vinod ,   Sr. Cardiology, National Heart Institute, New Delhi 110065, India
Published: May 2022

Patients having myocardial infarction with severe Left ventricular dysfunction should be followed up regularly as clot formation can be there in akinetic scarred areas. Other non-conventional risk factors should also be assessed. Our patient also had high homocysteine levels making such patients more prone for increased vascular risks, clot formation and embolization. Early anticoagulation, surgical intervention should be warranted in such patients so they can be saved from embolic complications especially in young age group.
Traditional botanical knowledge of local people of Anantagiri and Dhamagundam forest area, Vikarabad district Telangana State
Authors:   Assistant Professor, Department of Botany, Govt. Degree College, Kukatpally, Medchal Malkajgiri, Telangana, India, Sureshbabu P , Ramakrishna N ,   Department of Botany, Sap College, Vikarabad, Vikarabad dist, Telangana state, India
Published: May 2022

The present study deals with the documentation and evaluation of medicinal plants used by the tribal people in the primary health care in and around Anantagiri and Dhamagundam forest area, Vikarabad district. About 40 villages have been chosen for the study and yielded a valuable knowledge of plant medicine of the locals. The resource persons are mostly lambadas, chenchus and some elderly people of local villages. The study started in the month of May, 2012 and went on up to May, 2014. It revealed valuable information about the ethno medicine of the local tribals of this Dist. About 137 plant species of 36 families have been documented in this study and an itinerary is prepared according to alphabetical order of the diseases, families along with the vernacular names, botanical; names, drug formulation of drug formulation and methods of drug administration as told by the herbal practitioners. The present study is thus aimed at to understand i) To record the traditional medicinal practices of the Tribal communities of Vikarabad district. ii) The plants which are inuse for curing the diseases them. Further, a detailed data regarding the efficacy of the drugand the curing efficiency level of the plant drugs used b the local as well as tribalcommunities of the district.
Effect of harvesting stage on yield and nutritive value of Buffel grass (Cenchrus ciliaris Linn) under irrigation at Gewane district, north eastern Ethiopia
Authors:   Department of Animal Science, Raya University, Ethiopia, Yigzaw Ghiwot Wanania
Published: May 2022

A study was carryout to determine the biomass yield, chemical composition and in-vitro dry matter digestibility of irrigated Cenchrus Ciliaris. The treatments had three harvesting days (60, 90 and 120) in randomized complete block design (RCBD). Stage of harvesting days had significant influence (p< 0.05) on the biomass and chemical composition of Cenchrus Ciliaris. With longer days of harvesting, there was a reduction in nutritive value of the grass; whereas at longer day of harvesting, there was the highest biomass yield. DMY, NDF, ADF and ADL and plant height were positively correlated to each other but negatively correlated to LSR, CP, total ash, and IVDMD. Biomass yield of Cenchrus Ciliaris was positively correlated with delaying stage of harvesting but nutritive value in Cenchrus Ciliaris, were negatively correlate with increasing stage of harvesting. Eventually, harvesting of Cenchrus ciliaris at 90 days had good nutritive (10.62 % CP and 12.3t/ha DM) value and biomass yield. So that, this finding creates an opportunity for the pastoralists and agro-pastoral community along the Awash River to resolve the scarcity of feed and increase the livestock productivity in the study area.
Review on Effect of Stress on Production and Reproduction of Dairy Cattle
Authors:   College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Raya University, Ethiopia, Girma F , Gebremariam B ,   College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Raya University, Ethiopia
Published: May 2022

A man can create stress as the result of confinement and an ambitious vision and carelessness.Many people create stress to fulfill their interest of improving production and reproduction, which carries out unconsciously through manipulating animal which is even impossible to adapt to our environment. Reduction in synthesis of milk and susceptibility of dairy cows more to illness is the result of stress, which can affects further directly and/or indirectly metabolic and physiological acclimation. Therefore, this review aims to review effect of stress on production and reproduction of dairy cattle. Stress affects the reproductive performance of both male and females. In male’s quantity and quality of the sperm and females fertility percentage, fertility and embryo quality declines. Moreover, the productive performance of cattle like milk production and growth of cattle is also affected by stress factors.Hence, managing effect of stress factors is aimed at alleviating rather than eliminating the challenges on animals production and providing shelters, insulation in the form of bedding, proper feeding, and reduction of dry matter daily intake, reduction of rumen fermentation activity, reduction of physical activity and direct cooling of animal are needed to alter stress. Furthermore, creating awareness on animal handling techniques, continuing research and development endeavors are needed.
Study of In vitro Root Induction and Hardening Responses of Four Pyrus spp.
Authors:   Plant Tissue Culture Laboratory Department of Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Kyaukse, Myanmar, Hlaing Nyo Zin , Ming Fang ,   Germplasm Resources and Breeding of Pear, Institute of Pomology (CAAS), Ministry of Agriculture, Xingcheng, 125100, Liaoning, China, Shuling Jiang ,   Germplasm Resources and Breeding of Pear, Institute of Pomology (CAAS), Ministry of Agriculture, Xingcheng, 125100, Liaoning, China
Published: May 2022

Explants of three P. betulifolia (Bet 1, Bet 2 and Bet3) and P. ussuriensis (Uss) were tested for root induction in vitro and hardening in vivo. Bet 1 was the best rapid rooting response among four pears. The maximum rooting percent and the highest number of roots were 86.67% and 7.33 respectively that were observed in Bet 1 at ½MS basal medium supplemented with 0.3 mg/l IBA and quick-dip 15s of 2 mg IBA. Other Bet 2 and 3 were not different with each other. But Uss was produced the longest root length. It was 3.23cm at ½MS basal medium containing 0.2 mg/l IBA and 15s quick-dip of 2mg IBA. Almost 60 % of Bet 1 explants were hardened.
Analytical Study of Yashtayadi Lepa in Vidalaka Karma
Authors:   PG Department of Shalakya Tantra, Rishikul Campus, Uttarakhand Ayurveda University, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India, Negi Ranjana , Sharmaa Gunjan ,   Professor and HOD, PG Department of Shalakya Tantra, Rishikul Campus, Uttarakhand Ayurveda University, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India
Published: May 2022

Lepa is considered as an important and initial chikitsa in reference with Vranashotha chikitsa described by Acharya Sushruta [1] and when the lepa is applied around the eyes it is termed as Vidalaka. It is indicated in acute inflammatory conditions of eyes such as daha (burning sensation), updeha (discharge), ashru (watering) shopha (swelling) and raga (redness) [2]. Vidalaka is a topical therapy, applied to the outer surface of the eyelids leaving the eyelashes [3], used in many eye diseases like Anjananamika (Hordeolum) and Abhishyanda (Conjunctivitis). Yashtayadi lepa is one of such compounds for Vidalaka Karma mentioned by Acharya Sharangadhara in Sharangadhara Samhita and described as Sarvanetrarujahara Yoga. It consists of Yastimadhu, Gairika, Saindhav, Daruharidra and Rasanjana as its main ingredients. Rasanjana and Daruharidra are the major drugs that help in alleviating the acute conditions of eyes [4]. The combined effect of this lepa has Netrarujanashaka (analgesic), Netrakandunashak (anti-pruritic), Vrananashaka (anti-bacterial), Vedanasthapaka (soothing) and Shophanashaka (anti-inflammatory) properties and are predominantly works on vitiated pitta and rakta. With this background the present study was undertaken to analyze Yashtayadi lepa in one of the ocular diseases and presence of its components as recommended in Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia of India (API) through pharmacognostical study and physicochemical analysis.
Review on determinants for adoption of improved forages in Ethiopia
Authors:   Department of Animal Science, Raya University, P.O.Box 42, Maichew, Ethiopia, Gebreselassie Lidetu
Published: May 2022

This review paper designed to identify determinants that affect farmer’s decision to adopt and utilization of improved forage technology in Ethiopia. The purpose of forage production in Ethiopia was mainly for animal feed. Forages offer a sustainable basis of protein which improves the output of diverse classes of animals such as lactating cows, fattening cattle, pregnant cows and calves. As well as using for feedstuff, better-quality fodder species were used for soil and water preservation, improving bared lands, raises soil nitrogen available for nutrition crops because of their capability to fix nitrogen and green manuring, erosion control, live fencing, as a wind breakdown, and sources of nectar and pollen for honeybees. Besides, multi-purpose browse trees and shrubs increases fuel wood resources available to farming households, declining the requirement to use dung as fuel and increasing the availability of dung for use as fertilizer. Even though improved forages have many roles in the livelihood and environmental management, level of acceptance and consumption of better-quality forage technology is very low. The main factors that affect for acceptance of improved forage by farmers in Ethiopia include land shortage, shortage of input/forage seed and planting materials, shortage of capital, lack of awareness, poor extension services, free grazing and poor coordination among stakeholders. Therefore, incorporation of improved forage with crops, and with soil and water conservation structure, rise availability of forage seed for the farmer and creating awareness were the best ways for increasing and extensive accepting of forage technologies. Moreover, it is likely to speed up the level improved forage adoption by provided that farmers with training sessions and recurrent extension advises to encourage them to adopt forage production and pass on their information to other farmers. Hence, research centers, development agents and other concerned stakeholders should provide on farm extension training to fill knowledge and skill gaps in the adoption of improved forages.
Pharmaceutical and therapeutical study of Stree Kutaja Taila with special reference to autoimmune skin disorders
Authors:   PG Scholar, Department of Rasashastra and Bhaishajya Kalpana, Sri Dharmasthala Manjunatheshwara (SDM) College of Ayurveda, Kuthpadi, Udupi576118, Karnataka, India, U Sushma Shenoy , B N Ashok Kumar ,   Associate Professor, Department of Rasashastra and Bhaishajya Kalpana, Sri Dharmasthala Manjunatheshwara (SDM) College of Ayurveda, Kuthpadi, Udupi576118, Karnataka, India
Published: May 2022

Sneha kalpana is one of the pharmaceutics which are used extensively in the field of Ayurveda for various disorders. It is one of the widely used techniques in Ayurvedic industries to achieve solubility of both fat- and water-soluble extractive into lipid medium through Agni paka as well as Adithya paka. Adithya paka is the method of taila paka where the taila yoga is prepared by exposing it into sunlight. There is very minimum reference regarding procedure of adithya paka which are scattered in classics. Among those tailas Stree Kutaja taila is been used widely in clinical practice for all type of skin disorders especially those which is caused by autoimmune malfunctioning. The properties of Stree Kutaja and Narikela taila helps in alleviating skin diseases where the Adithya paka Samskara will enhance the efficacy of taila. This paper consists of detailed procedure of Stree kutaja taila preparation and therapeutic action on autoimmune skin disorders with its probable mode of action
Effect of Synthesis Temperature on Properties of Polyaniline
Authors:   National Centre of Excellence in Physical Chemistry, University of Peshawar, 25120 Peshawar, Pakistan, Bilal Salma , Jehan Adil ,   National Centre of Excellence in Physical Chemistry, University of Peshawar, 25120 Peshawar, Pakistan, Rahman Sami Ur ,   National Centre of Excellence in Physical Chemistry, University of Peshawar, 25120 Peshawar, Pakistan, Shah Anwar ul Haq Ali ,   Institute of Chemical Sciences, University of Peshawar, 25120 Peshawar, Pakistan
Published: May 2022

The effect of synthesis temperature on percentage yield, thermal stability, surface morphology, crystallinity, and conductivity of polyaniline doped with dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid (PANI-DBSA) was studied. PANI-DBSA was synthesized at and the 5, 10,20, 25 and 30 0C and the percent yield of the product was determined. Furthermore, thermo gravimetric analysis (TGA), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), UV-Visible spectrophotometry and cyclic voltammetry (CV) were utilized to inspect the variation in different physicochemical properties of the synthesized polymer with changing synthesis temperature
Comparison of Biophysical Profile Score with Fetal Doppler Ultrasound in Patients with Pre-eclampsia at Moi Teaching and Referral Hospital, Kenya
Authors:   Senior Resident, Department of Radiology and Imaging, School of Medicine, Moi University, Kenya, Nuru Mbarak , Joseph Abuya ,   Senior Lecturer, Department of Radiology and Imaging, School of Medicine, Moi University, Kenya, Alice Kaaria ,   Lecturer, Department of Reproductive Health, School of Medicine, Moi University, Kenya
Published: May 2022

Background: Pre-eclampsia is a major direct cause of maternal mortality second only to hemorrhage with 50,000-60,000 pre-eclampsia related deaths worldwide annually. Pregnancies complicated by preeclampsia require close fetal surveillance to guide management and improve outcomes. Poor Biophysical profile scores are associated with poor perinatal outcomes. Recent research has however shown that Doppler flow changes occur much earlier and can be used to time delivery with better perinatal outcomes. Objective: To compare Doppler indices of the umbilical and middle cerebral arteries with biophysical profile scores in the prediction of perinatal outcomes in patients with pre-eclampsia. Methods: This was a cross sectional study. Patients with preeclampsia above 28 weeks gestation were consecutively sampled, questionnaires administered, ultrasound done, followed up to delivery and outcomes documented. Statistical analysis was done using STATA/MP version 13.0. Results: One hundred and sixty-five patients whose ages ranged from 15-42 years with an average of 29 years were studied. Majority (72.7%) presented between 28-34 weeks and 66.06% had pre-eclampsia with severe features. An abnormal outcome was seen in 86.4% of those who had abnormal Biophysical Profile (BPP) scores and abnormal BPP increased the Odds of poor outcome 4.95 times (p<0.001). An abnormal outcome was seen in 80% of those who had abnormal Doppler findings and abnormal Doppler findings increased the Odds of poor perinatal outcome 11.5 times (p<0.001). Conclusion: Abnormal BPP and Doppler findings were significantly associated with poor perinatal outcomes with Doppler being a better predictor
Study of properties of adhesive formed by waste polystyrene
Authors:   Chemical Engineering Department, G. H. Patel College of Engineering and Technology, Bakrol Road, Vallabh Vidyanagar 388120, Gujarat, India, Tahilramani Shaan , Shah Dharmik ,   Chemical Engineering Department, G. H. Patel College of Engineering and Technology, Bakrol Road, Vallabh Vidyanagar 388120, Gujarat, India, Patel Brij ,   Chemical Engineering Department, G. H. Patel College of Engineering and Technology, Bakrol Road, Vallabh Vidyanagar 388120, Gujarat, India, Vidja Chirag ,   Chemical Engineering Department, G. H. Patel College of Engineering and Technology, Bakrol Road, Vallabh Vidyanagar 388120, Gujarat, India, Contractor Endrick ,   Prof. Chemical Engineering Department, G. H. Patel College of Engineering and Technology, Bakrol Road, Vallabh Vidyanagar 388120, Gujarat, India
Published: May 2022

The polystyrene products involved in day to day life serve to its best as per its utility. I t possesses the several properties like Insulation, Light in weight, Cushioning, Non-Reactive Material and Non- Biodegradable. Serving multipurpose it finds wide application in food industry for food packaging, material packaging in the electrical device sector, construction sector etc. There are demerits associated with the product after use i.e. waste product disposal is the major problem incurred curre ntly. It is becoming a part of landfill and increasing the amount of solid waste. It can even harm animals that scavenge food from the landfills. Our project aims to reduce and develop methodologies to treat the polystyrene waste.
Acid hydrolysis of untanned proteinous wastes from tannery industry in Bangladesh
Authors:   Leather Research Institute, Bangladesh Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (BCSIR), Savar, Dhaka-1350, Bangladesh, Alam Md. Nur-E- , Akter Nasifa ,   Leather Research Institute, Bangladesh Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (BCSIR), Savar, Dhaka-1350, Bangladesh, Fatema Kanish ,   Leather Research Institute, Bangladesh Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (BCSIR), Savar, Dhaka-1350, Bangladesh, Azad Md. Abul Kashem ,   Leather Research Institute, Bangladesh Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (BCSIR), Savar, Dhaka-1350, Bangladesh, Khan Md. Anwar Arfien ,   Institute of Mining, Mineralogy and Metallurgy, BCSIR, Joypurhat, Bangladesh, Chakma Shimul ,   Leather Research Institute, Bangladesh Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (BCSIR), Savar, Dhaka-1350, Bangladesh,   Delhi Technological University, Delhi, 110042, India
Published: May 2022

Leather tanning industry, considered one of the polluting industries, poses various environmental threats to its every sphere. It produces various types of solid wastes as well as liquid wastes. Among the solid wastes, untanned raw trimmings contribute for about 5-7% of the total quantity of raw materials processed. If suitably utilized, these by-products of tanning industry could be a useful resource for various applications. This research work deals with utilization of raw trimmings of tannery solid waste to protein hydrolysate by acetic acid with varying acid concentration, acid solution, temperature and time. The maximum about 76% protein hydrolysate was obtained at 1.5M acid concentration and 80ºC.
Effectiveness of Webinar Learning on Challenges in Management of Cancer Patients During Covid-19 Pandemic
Authors:   HOD, Department of Medical and Surgical, PSG College of Nursing, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu 641004, India, Nirmala M , Jayasudha A. ,   Principal, PSG College of Nursing, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu 641004, India, Kilda  ,   Asso. Professor, Department of Medical and Surgical, PSG College of Nursing, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu 641004, India, S Sofiya Princess Hema ,   Asso. Professor, Department of Medical and Surgical, PSG College of Nursing, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu 641004, India, Gnanajothi R ,   Asst Professor, Department of Medical and Surgical, PSG College of Nursing, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu 641004, India, Keerthi  ,   Lecturer, Department of Medical and Surgical, PSG College of Nursing, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu 641004, India, Jayalakshmi  ,   Tutor, Department of Medical and Surgical, PSG College of Nursing, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu 641004, India
Published: May 2022

COVID-19 has caused social disturbance which has, triggered a rapid, still ongoing, transformation of healthcare services on global level. Oncology patients have been particularly affected, since they are highly vulnerable group in the current pandemic. As the corona virus pandemic continuously impacting the health care, patients with cancer still need treatment and assistance. Nurses are facing challenges to find a balance between life-saving cancer care and alleviating the risks of COVID-19. Webinar establishes a medium to share their knowledge and experiences to treat patients with cancer during the corona virus pandemic for oncology care team members in and around the world. The main aim of the study was to assess the effectiveness of webinar learning on challenges in management of cancer patient during covid -19 pandemic. The objectives of the study were to assess the effectiveness of webinar learning program and to associate the level of knowledge and attitude on management of cancer patient during covid -19. Pre-experimental one group pretest post test design was adapted for this study. 269 samples were selected using purposive sampling technique. Data was collected using a knowledge and attitude questionnaire on challenges in management of cancer patients during covid-19 through virtual platform. Inferential and descriptive statistics were used to analyze the data. The study revealed that there is a significant difference in the knowledge and attitude scores after webinar learning (t value=18.18; 3.96; p<0.01). The study also revealed that there is a strong positive correlation of knowledge on attitude. (r=0.0488).
A descriptive study to assess the awareness on management of hypoglycaemia among diabetic clients in PSG hospitals
Authors:   Medical Surgical Nursing Dept, PSG College of Nursing, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India, A Prameela. , M Nirmala. ,   Medical Surgical Nursing Dept, PSG College of Nursing, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India
Published: May 2022

Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is a foremost health problem in the globe. Diabetes mellitus describes a metabolic disorder of manifold etiologies characterized by chronic hypoglycemia with disturbances of carbohydrate, fat and protein metabolism. Creating alertness on signs and symptoms among diabetic clients may lessen the complications. The objectives were to assess the knowledge of diabetic clients regarding management of hypoglycemia and to find the association between the knowledge of diabetic clients on management of hypoglycemia and their selected demographic variable. The descriptive survey design was adopted by selecting 60 samples using purposive sampling technique. Out of sixty samples, 32(53.4%) were male and 28(46.6%) of the samples were female. Most of the samples 23 (38.33%) belongs to age group between 31-40 years. More than half of the samples, 40(66.66%) were using hypoglycemic agents. 33(55%) were taking medication once a day. 18 ((30%) samples were having the history of hypoglycemic symptoms. whereas, 7(11.66%) of them were not confident about the hypoglycemic symptoms. Only 24(40%) of them were conscious about the selfmanagement of hypoglycemia. The study highlights that the diabetes mellitus clients 13(21.6%) were having adequate knowledge, 39(65%) were having moderately adequate knowledge and 8(13.3%) had inadequate knowledge on management of hypoglycemia. The study concluded that it helped to identify the knowledge regarding hypoglycemia on diabetes mellitus patients and created awareness on hypoglycemic conditions using information booklet will enhance the patients to reduce the complications.