bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Évaluation du protocole EMDR de traitement en groupe d’épisodes traumatiques avec des réfugiés : une étude de terrain
Authors: Lehnung Maria , Shapiro Elan , Schreiber Melanie , Hofmann Arne
Published: November 2018

En 2015, plus de 1,5 million de réfugiés sont arrivés en Allemagne, beaucoup d’entre eux gravement traumatisés. La thérapie de désensibilisation et de retraitement par les mouvements oculaires (EMDR) a prouvé son efficacité dans le traitement des symptômes de stress traumatique aigus ou chroniques. Une modification de la thérapie permettant son utilisation en groupe a été développée par E. Shapiro : c’est le protocole EMDR de traitement en groupe d’épisodes traumatiques (G-TEP). Dans cette étude de terrain, nous avons étudié l’efficacité de deux séances d’EMDR G-TEP pour traiter des réfugiés victimes de traumas. Après une séance de psychoéducation, 18 réfugiés provenant de Syrie et d’Irak, arabophones, arrivés en Allemagne au cours des cinq mois précédents, ont été affectés au traitement et/ou à une liste d’attente. On utilisa en pré- et post-traitement l’échelle révisée d’impact des événements (IES-R) et l’inventaire de dépression de Beck (BDI) et les analyses furent conduites à l’aide du test U de Mann-Whitney et des tests planifiés Kolmogorov-Smirnov. Les résultats montrèrent des différences importantes entre le groupe de traitement et le groupe en liste d’attente, avec une baisse significative des notes IES-R (p > .05). Bien que les différences des notes BDI n’aient pas atteint le niveau de signification statistique (p = .06), une baisse importante des notes BDI fut observée dans le groupe de traitement. Ces résultats fournissent une preuve préliminaire indiquant que l’EMDR G-TEP pourrait permettre de traiter efficacement des personnes réfugiées souffrant de traumatismes.
Zakat in “Qanun” (Aceh Local Law): The Impact to Zakat Management as the Local Government Original Revenues in Baitul Mal of Aceh [الزكاة في "القانون" (النظام المحلي في آتشيه): تأثير إدارة الزكاة كالإيرادات الأصلية للحكومة المحلية في بيت المال الآتشي]
Authors: Musa Armiadi
Published: November 2018

Zakat is considered as one of the sources of the original revenues of the local government (PAD) and is managed by Baitul Mal, whether at the level of Aceh province or at the level of the municipality and the city. It is regulated and codified in Indonesian Law No. (11) of the year 2006 regarding the Government of Aceh (UUPA) in the section of 108. The arrangement of this law has raised a number of serious problems and can be said to be a hasty and incautious movement done by Aceh government, because forcing the implementation of the governmental financial system in the mechanisms of organizing zakat and the inefficiency of the Aceh government to create special derivatives of zakat make this institution does not enjoy the independence and flexibility in organizing Zakat. The negative effects of applying this system in zakat have hampered the organization of zakat as well, especially in terms of the distribution, disbursement and efficient use of Zakat and the preparation of its reports. Employees also feel under the specter of criminalization of the designated authorities. Therefore, this research suggests that the zakat system should be set up in a special system, in a special mechanism and in a special account number. It should not be equalized with the other original revenues of the local government (PAD).
What’s in a Smile? Initial Analyses of Dynamic Changes in Facial Shape and Appearance
Authors: Farnell Damian , Galloway Jennifer , Zurov Alexei , Richmond Stephen , Marshall David , Rosin Paul , Al-Meyah Khtam , Pirttiniemi Pertti , Lähdesmäki Raija
Published: November 2018

Single-level Principal Components Analysis (PCA) and multi-level PCA (mPCA) methods are applied here to a set of (2D frontal) facial images from a group of 80 Finnish subjects (34 male; 46 female) with two different facial expressions (smiling and neutral) per subject. Inspection of eigenvalues gives insight into the importance of different factors affecting shapes, including: biological sex, facial expression (neutral versus smiling), and all other variations. Biological sex and facial expression are shown to be reflected in those components at appropriate levels of the mPCA model. Dynamic 3D shape data for all phases of a smile made up a second dataset sampled from 60 adult British subjects (31 male; 29 female). Modes of variation reflected the act of smiling at the correct level of the mPCA model. Seven phases of the dynamic smiles are identified: rest pre-smile, onset 1 (acceleration), onset 2 (deceleration), apex, offset 1 (acceleration), offset 2 (deceleration), and rest post-smile. A clear cycle is observed in standardized scores at an appropriate level for mPCA and in single-level PCA. mPCA can be used to study static shapes and images, as well as dynamic changes in shape. It gave us much insight into the question “what’s in a smile?”
Negative Outcomes of Individual Spatial Distance Reductions in Urban Environments: A Theoretical Analysis of Entropic Organizational Citizenship Behavior and Toxic Organizations in Urban Deconstruction
Authors: Coldwell David A. L.
Published: November 2018

The fact that individuals are spatially close to each other in the urban environment increases the potential number of encounters between them. Thus, theoretically speaking, the probability of interaction and social intercourse among people increases as they get closer to each other spatially. This reduction in spatial distance and propensity for larger networks can offer advantages in lower communication and transaction costs. However, there is also the possibility of entropy in a single (organizational) urban subsystem, characterized by reduced spatial distances between individuals that can lead to more toxic outcomes and the possibility of generalized deconstruction in an urban system as a whole. The current paper considers, through a theoretical model and secondary data analysis, how reductions in spatial distance between individuals in urban business organizations can lead to withdrawals of energy through toxic forms of entropic citizenship behavior, and lead to the development of toxic organizations. Such toxic organizations can ‘infect’ the urban system and lead to systematic entropic urban deconstruction.  Practical, implications for management of the theoretical explanatory heuristic of toxic forms of organizational entropy and toxic organizations are briefly discussed in the paper.
The Circulating Transcriptome as a Source of Biomarkers for Melanoma
Authors: Solé Carla , Tramonti Daniela , Schamm Maike , Goicoechea Ibai , Armesto María , Hernandez Luiza I. , Manterola Lorea , Fernandez-Mercado Marta , Mujika Karmele , Tuneu Anna , Jaka Ane , Tellaetxe Maitena , Friedländer Marc R. , Estivill Xavier , Piazza Paolo , Ortiz-Romero Pablo L. , Middleton Mark R. , lawrie Charles H.
Published: November 2018

The circulating transcriptome is a valuable source of cancer biomarkers, which with the exception of miRNAs, remains relatively unexplored. To elucidate which RNAs are present in plasma from melanoma patients and which could be used to distinguish cancer patients of healthy individuals, we used next generation sequencing (NGS) and validation was carried out by qPCR and/or ddPCR. We identified 442 different microRNAs in samples, eleven of which were differentially expressed (P < 0.05). Levels of miR-134-5p and miR-320a-3p were significantly down-regulated (P<0.001) in melanoma samples (n = 96) compared to healthy controls (n = 28). Differentially expressed protein-encoding mRNA, 5´-fragments, were enriched for the angiopoietin, PAK and EIF2 pathways. Levels of ATM1, AMFR, SOS1 and CD109 gene fragments were up-regulated (P < 0.001) in melanoma samples (n=144) compared to healthy controls (n = 41) (AUC = 0.825). Over 40% of mapped reads were YRNAs, a class of non-coding RNAs that to date has been little explored. Expression levels of RNY3P1, RNY4P1 and RNY4P25 were significantly higher in patients with stage 0 disease, than either healthy controls or more advanced stage disease (P < 0.001). In conclusion, we have identified a number of novel RNA biomarkers, which most importantly we validated in multi-centre retrospective and prospective cohorts suggesting potential diagnostic use of these RNA species.
Cracking, Microstructure and Tribological Properties of Laser Formed and Remelted K417G Ni-Based Superalloy
Authors: Liu Shuai , Yu Haixin , Wang Yang , Zhang Xue , Li Jinguo , Chen Suiyuan , Liu Changsheng
Published: November 2018

K417G Ni-based superalloy is widely used in aeroengine turbine blade for its excellent properties. However, the aeroengine rotor blade zigzag crown appears early failure frequently, which is because of the wear problems occurring in the working process. Laser forming repairing (LFR) is a promising technique to repair these damaged blades. Unfortunately, the laser formed Ni-based superalloys with high content of (Al + Ti) have a high cracking sensitivity. In this paper, the crack characterization of the LFRed K417G, the microstructure, microhardness and tribological properties of the coating before and after laser remelting are presented. The results show that the microstructure of as-deposited K417G consists of γ phase, γ′ precipitated phase, γ + γ′ eutectic and carbide. Cracking mechanisms including solidification cracking, liquation cracking and ductility dip cracking are proposed based on the composition of K417G and processing characteristics to explain the cracking behavior of the K417G superalloy during LFR. After laser remelting, the microstructure of the coating has been refined, and the microhardness and tribological properties has been improved. Laser remelting can decrease the size of the cracks in the LFRed K417G but not the number. Therefore, laser remelting can be applied as an effective method for strengthening coating and as an auxiliary method for controlling cracking.
Identifying Protein Features Responsible for Improved Drug Repurposing Accuracies Using The CANDO Platform: Implications for Drug Design
Authors: Mangione William , Samudrala Ram
Published: November 2018

Drug repurposing is a valuable tool for combating the slowing rates of novel therapeutic discovery. The Computational Analysis of Novel Drug Opportunities (CANDO) platform performs shotgun repurposing of 2030 indications/diseases using 3733 drugs/compounds to predict interactions with 46,784 proteins and relating them via proteomic interaction signatures. An accuracy is calculated by comparing interaction similarities of drugs approved for the same indications. We performed a unique subset analysis by breaking down the full protein library into smaller subsets and then recombining the best performing subsets into larger supersets. Up to 14% improvement in accuracy is seen upon benchmarking the supersets, representing a 100–1000 fold reduction in the number of proteins considered relative to the full library. Further analysis revealed that libraries comprised of proteins with more equitably diverse ligand interactions are important for describing compound behavior. Using one of these libraries to generate putative drug candidates against malaria results in more drugs that could be validated in the biomedical literature than the list suggested by the full protein library. Our work elucidates the role of particular protein subsets and corresponding ligand interactions that play a role in drug repurposing, with implications for drug design and machine learning approaches to improve the CANDO platform.
Polystyrene as Graphene Film and 3D Graphene Sponge Precursor
Authors: Rendón-Patiño Alejandra , Niu Jinan , Doménech-Carbó Antonio , García Hermenegildo , Primo Ana
Published: November 2018

Polystyrene as a thin film on arbitrary substrates or pellets form defective graphene films or powders that can be dispersed in water and organic solvents. The materials were characterized by visible absorption, Raman and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, electron and atomic force microscopy and electrochemistry. Raman spectra of these materials show the presence of the expected 2D, G and D peaks at 2750, 1590 and 1350 cm-1, respectively. The relative intensity of the G vs. the D peak is taken as a quantitative indicator of the density of defects in the G layer.
Some New Research and Application of API Dimensionless Curves for Sucker Rod Pump
Authors: Zhao Ruidong , Wang Cai , Tao Zhen , Chen Shiwen , Cao Gang , Lei Qun , Deng Feng , Shi Junfeng , Zhang Xishun , Liu Jie
Published: November 2018

API TR 11L, which is recommended by API as a way of design calculation for sucker rod pumping system, is including a series of dimensionless charts and calculation formula. Academic and practical values are shown in these dimensionless charts. The research of performance curves of sucker rod pumping, which are equivalent to those of electric submersible pump (ESP) and progressive cavity pump (PCP), is relatively rare. In API TR 11L, characteristic curve of SRP is implied in those dimensionless curves, subsurface dimensionless characteristic curve of sucker rod pump system can be given by deduction based on present API theory method. When applied for heavy oil wells, deviated wells, low production wells and wells with high gas/oil ratio, the curves of SRP RP 11L should be corrected. In this paper, based on API TR 11L common methods, dimensionless characteristic curve of subsurface system of sucker rod pump and corrected API curves with unconventional conditions have been derived, providing better optimization and analysis methods for suck rod pump wells, enlarging application range of API TR 11L.
Decision Support Systems for Detecting Aerial Potato Phytophthora infestans Sporangia in Northwestern Spain
Authors: Escuredo Olga , Seijo‐Rodríguez Ana , Rodríguez‐Flores María Shantal , Seijo María Carmen
Published: November 2018

Core Ideas

Late blight outbreaks have a remarkable socioeconomic and environmental impact.

The levels of late blight sporangia are highly dependent of the weather conditions.

Aerobiological information is a useful tool to control late blight.

Potato late blight caused by Phytophthora infestans (Mont.) de Bary has major economic impacts on this crop worldwide. Forecasting the risk of infection in potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) cultivars is indispensable for the management of this disease. Agronomic, chemical, statistical or mathematical methods are used to reduce the potato blight outbreaks, and decision support systems are considered a useful tool for integrated management of crops. This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of different decision support systems (Smith periods, negative prognosis model, Fry system, Wallin severity values, WinstelCast system) to predict the risk of late blight on the A Limia plateau, the most important potato production area in northwestern Spain. The relationships between weather conditions and airborne sporangia were statistically analyzed. The study was conducted during seven crop cycles. The level of P. infestans sporangia was determined by conducting aerobiological sampling by using a LANZONI VPPS‐2000 volumetric trap. The maximum levels of sporangia were found during the vegetative stage of the crop, mainly during germination and leaf development. The aerobiological data and meteorological conditions of the zone suggest that the most effective models to forecast late blight in A Limia are negative prognosis and WinstelCast, considering that optimal relative humidity for the disease is more than 75%.
Automated Building Extraction using High Resolution Satellite Imagery though Ensemble Modelling and Machine Learning
Authors: Das Soumya K. , P. S. Prakash , Aithal Bharath
Published: November 2018

Building extraction has been a challenging task due to complex structures and features of various land use with matching spectral and spatial attributes in a satellite data. We attempted to extract building as features using machine-learning algorithms such as Support Vector Machine (SVM), Random Forests (RF), Artificial Neural Network (ANN) and Improved Ensemble Technique as Gradient Boosting. The techniques used increases their classification accuracies using spectral properties as well as indices such as Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) as attributes. Extracted results through various methods, performance of three different machine learning such as Ensemble method, RF and SVM are applied and results are analyzed for their behavior in different building distribution. Different algorithms showed variations in accuracies and performance in different built-up conditions. Ensemble algorithm performed very well in all conditions followed by RF and SVM performed better in coarse resolution, while ANN performed better in high resolution and overall accuracies of all algorithms increased with better spatial resolution. Ensemble algorithm showed relatively efficient performance in regions with extensive heterogeneous features. These analyses can helpful to provide quantitative data for various stocktaking analysis and city managers for better administration capabilities.
Comparison of fouling between aerobic and anaerobic MBR treating municipal wastewater
Authors: Wang K. M. , Martin Garcia N. , Soares A. , Jefferson B. , McAdam E. J.
Published: November 2018

The key driver for anaerobic membrane bioreactors (AnMBRs) for municipal wastewater treatment is enabling the transition to energy neutral wastewater treatment. However, municipal wastewater delivers a comparatively constrained methane yield, which means energy conservation must be prioritised to achieve the proposed energy neutral ambition. A critical focus on membrane fouling is therefore warranted, as membrane operation represents the primary energy demand in MBRs. This review seeks to quantify the characteristics of the prevailing AnMBR biological suspension and to ascertain whether knowledge transfer exists between fouling characteristics in aerobic and anaerobic MBRs for municipal applications. Analysis of literature data revealed that the level of extractable extracellular polymeric substrate is slightly higher in aerobic MBRs than in anaerobic MBRs. However, AnMBR comprises considerably higher soluble microbial product concentrations, which have been widely reported to increase fouling propensity in aerobic systems. More distinct is the difference in the colloidal and fine solids fraction (between 1 and 10–15 μm), which is likely to dominate fouling in anaerobic systems and limit knowledge transfer from aerobic MBRs. Literature data on energy production was compared to that employed for membrane operation, and evidences that despite the challenging character of the particle matrix, energy neutral operation is achievable for AnMBR applied to municipal wastewater treatment.
Evaluation of the impact of channel geometry and rough elements arrangement in hydraulic jump energy dissipation via SVM
Authors: Roushangar Kiyoumars , Ghasempour Roghayeh
Published: November 2018

Rough bed channels are one of the appurtenances used to dissipate the extra energy of the flow through hydraulic jump. The aim of this paper is to assess the effects of channel geometry and rough boundary conditions (i.e., rectangular, trapezoidal, and expanding channels with different rough elements) in predicting the hydraulic jump energy dissipation using support vector machine (SVM) as a meta-model approach. Using different experimental data series, different models were developed with and without considering dimensional analysis. The results approved capability of the SVM model in predicting the relative energy dissipation. It was found that the developed models for expanding channel with central sill performed more successfully and, for this case, superior performance was obtained for the model with parameters Fr1 and h1/B. Considering the rectangular and trapezoidal channels, the model with parameters Fr1, (h2−h1)/h1, W/Z led to better predictions. It was observed that between two types of strip and staggered rough elements, strip type led to more accurate results. The obtained results showed that the developed models for the case of simulation based on dimensional analysis yielded better predictions. The sensitivity analysis results showed that Froude number had the most significant impact on the modeling.
Особенности межличностных отношений с отцом у девушек, страдающих любовной аддикцией
Authors: Tsvetkova Nadezhda A. , Rybakova Anna I.
Published: November 2018

Введение. Статья посвящена анализу особенностей межличностных отношений с отцами девушек 16–19 лет, страдающих любовной аддикцией. Представлен  обзор публикаций по проблеме и обусловливающим ее факторам, главным из которых указывается роль отца. Эмпирические данные получены в процессе психологического консультирования девушек – любовных аддиктов. Научная новизна состоит в конкретизации характера межличностных отношений дочерей, страдающих любовной аддикцией, с отцами и в выводах относительно профилактики этой зависимости у новых поколений россиянок.
Методы. Использовались: психологическое тестирование (тест любовной аддикции А. Ю. Егорова; тест межличностной зависимости Р. Гиршфильда; методика «ПоР» Л. И. Вассермана, И. А. Горьковой, Е. Е. Ромицыной; методика «Семейная социограмма» Э. Г. Эйдемиллера и О. В. Черемисина; методика оценки отношений дочери с отцом; методика самооценки «Я в отношениях с мужчинами в глазах других людей»); математико-статистическая обработка данных (осуществлена с помощью пакета SPSS Statistics 22: корреляционный анализ данных выполнен по методу Спирмена, сравнительный – по критерию Манна – Уитни).
Результаты. Представлены результаты сравнительного анализа особенностей межличностных отношений с отцами девушек – любовных аддиктов и девушек, не имеющих признаков патологической любви. Приведены результаты корреляционного анализа данных, показывающие, что с возрастом у девушек, не страдающих любовной аддикцией, межличностная зависимость снижается, тогда как у девушек – любовных аддиктов она усиливается.
Обсуждение результатов. Проинтерпретированы отношения девушек – любовных аддиктов с отцами. Показано, что они часто характеризуются директивностью отца, его непоследовательностью и враждебностью, но позитивным интересом дочери к нему; физически отсутствующий, безучастный или неадекватный в своем участии отец (директивный, непоследовательный, враждебный) является фактором формирования любовной аддикции у дочери. Предлагается смещение акцента с коррекции любовной аддикции на ее социально-психологическую профилактику у новых поколений россиянок.
Advances in Carbon Based Nanomaterials for Bio-Medical Applications
Authors: Gupta Tejendra Kumar , Budarapu Pattabhi Ramaiah , Chappidi Sivakumar Reddy , Y.B. Sudhir Sastry , Paggi Marco , Bordas Stephane P.
Published: November 2018

:

The unique mechanical, electrical, thermal, chemical and optical properties of carbon
based nanomaterials (CBNs) like: Fullerenes, Graphene, Carbon nanotubes, and their derivatives
made them widely used materials for various applications including biomedicine.
Few recent applications of the CBNs in biomedicine include: cancer therapy, targeted drug
delivery, bio-sensing, cell and tissue imaging and regenerative medicine. However, functionalization
renders the toxicity of CBNs and makes them soluble in several solvents including
water, which is required for biomedical applications. Hence, this review represents the complete
study of development in nanomaterials of carbon for biomedical uses. Especially, CBNs
as the vehicles for delivering the drug in carbon nanomaterials is described in particular. The
computational modeling approaches of various CBNs are also addressed. Furthermore, prospectus,
issues and possible challenges of this rapidly developing field are highlighted.
Pharmaceutical Particles Design by Membrane Emulsification: Preparation Methods and Applications in Drug Delivery
Authors: Piacentini Emma , Dragosavac Marijana , Giorno Lidietta
Published: November 2018

Nowadays, the rational design of particles is an important issue in the development of pharmaceutical
medicaments. Advances in manufacturing methods are required to design new pharmaceutical particles with
target properties in terms of particle size, particle size distribution, structure and functional activity. Membrane
emulsification is emerging as a promising tool for the production of emulsions and solidified particles with tailored
properties in many fields.

In this review, the current use of membrane emulsification in the production of pharmaceutical particles is highlighted.
Membrane emulsification devices designed for small-scale testing as well as membrane-based methods
suitable for large-scale production are discussed. A special emphasis is put on the important factors that contribute
to the encapsulation efficiency and drug loading. The most recent studies about the utilization of the membrane
emulsification for preparing particles as drug delivery systems for anticancer, proteins/peptide, lipophilic
and hydrophilic bioactive drugs are reviewed.
Applying Loop-mediated Isothermal Amplification (LAMP) in the Diagnosis of Malaria, Leishmaniasis and Trypanosomiasis as Point-of-Care Tests (POCTs)
Authors: Dea-Ayuela M. Auxiliadora , Galiana-Roselló Cristina , Lalatsa Aikaterini , Serrano Dolores R.
Published: November 2018

One of the main objectives of the WHO is controlling transmission of parasitic protozoa vector-
borne diseases. A quick and precise diagnosis is critical in selecting the optimal therapeutic regime
that avoids unnecessary treatments and the emergence of resistance. Molecular assays based on Loop-
Mediated Isothermal Amplification (LAMP) techniques are a good alternative to light microscopy and
antigen-based rapid diagnostic tests in developing countries, since they allow for a large amount of genetic
material generated from a few copies of DNA, and use primers that lead to high sensitivity and
specificity, while the amplification process can be performed in isothermal conditions without the need of
sophisticated equipment to interpret the results. In this review, the main advances in the development of
LAMP assays for the diagnosis of malaria, leishmaniasis and Chagas' disease are discussed as well as the
feasibility of their implementation in developing countries and use as point- of-care diagnostic tests.
Development and Characterization of Nasal Delivery of Selegiline Hydrochloride Loaded Nanolipid Carriers for the Management of Parkinson’s Disease
Authors: Mishra Neeraj , Sharma Sawarni , Deshmukh Rahul , Kumar Anoop , Sharma Ruchika
Published: November 2018

Introduction:

Parkinson’s Disease (PD) is one of the most common age-related neurodegenerative disorders which is marked with the loss of dopaminergic neurons. The present study performed on the nose to brain delivery of selegiline hydrochloride loaded nano lipid carrier, suggests that the nasal route is a good mean of targeting the drug directly into the brain.

Methods and Materials: Nanostructured lipid carriers were prepared by using hot homogenization. Selegiline hydrochloride loaded NLCs and rotenone treatment were given at a dose of 10 mg/kg administered from 14th day to 28th day. Behavioral parameters were determined at 7th, 14th, 21st and 28th day. On the 28th day, animals were sacrificed for biochemical estimation.

Results:

The optimized drug loaded NLC formulation has shown 93±5.25% entrapment efficiency and 51.96% loading capacity. Optimized NLCs formulation has shown 70% release within 10 hours and after that, the release of the drug is sustained up to 22 hours (97%). Pharmacological action of the drug was found to restore the behavioral parameters in rotenone-induced rats.

Conclusion:

Nano Lipid Carrier (NLCs) therapeutics has emerged as a prominent method for the treatment of Parkinson’s Disease (PD) as it offers targeted delivery and enhances the therapeutic efficacy of neurotherapeutics. It is concluded from the studies that, Selegiline HCl loaded nano lipid carrier which was administered through nasal route has the potential to be used in the management therapy of Parkinson’s disease.
Efecto de las inflorescencias de brócoli sobre la caquexia en cáncer de colon inducido en Rattus norvegicus albinus
Authors: Guzmán Velásquez Luis Jesús , Irigoin López Suli Magali , Guevara Vasquez Ana María
Published: November 2018

El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar el efecto de las inflorescencias de Brassica oleraceae italica “Brócoli” sobre la caquexia en cáncer de colon inducido en Rattus norvegicus albinus. Se trabajó con 18 especímenes machos adultos, divididos aleatoriamente en tres grupos de seis especímenes cada uno: control, blanco y problema (que recibió 60 mg/100 g p.c de liofilizado de inflorescencias de B. oleraceae, vía oral). Se utilizó 1,2-Dimetilhidrazina (DMH) para inducir cáncer de colon en los grupos control y problema a la dosis de 21 mg/kg p.c/ semana, vía subcutánea durante 18 semanas. Las ratas albinas fueron pesadas semanalmente durante ocho meses, obteniéndose un promedio del peso corporal mensual por espécimen de cada grupo y el promedio mensual por grupo de estudio. Los parámetros que se consideraron para evaluar la caquexia fueron: adelgazamiento, astenia, alopecia incipiente y xerosis conjuntival; asimismo los resultados muestran evidente pérdida de peso corporal en el grupo control y mínima pérdida en el grupo que recibió Brassica oleraeceae italica (**p<0,01). Se concluye que las inflorescencias  de Brassica oleraceae itálica a la dosis de 60 mg/100g p.c evita la pérdida de peso corporal y disminuye la afectación caquéctica en Rattus norvegicus albinus con cáncer de colon inducido.con 1,2-dimetilhidrazina
Smoking patterns and preferences for technology assisted smoking cessation interventions among adults with opioid and alcohol use disorders (Preprint)
Authors: Tofighi Babak , Lee Joshua D. , Sherman Scott , Schatz Daniel , El-Shahawy Omar
Published: November 2018

BACKGROUND

Smoking remains a major public health burden among persons with opioid and/or alcohol use disorder yet preferences for technology assisted smoking cessation strategies remain largely unknown among this population.

OBJECTIVE

Assess smoking patterns and preferences for adopting technology-based interventions targeting smoking among individuals with opioid and/or alcohol use disorder.

METHODS

A 49-item semi-structured survey was conducted in 2015 among urban, inpatient detoxification program patients eliciting demographic and clinical characteristics, smoking profile, technology use patterns, and preferences for adopting technology-based smoking cessation interventions. Multivariate logistic regression models further evaluated the association between participant demographic and clinical characteristics and technology preferences.

RESULTS

Participants were mostly male (91%), unemployed or dependent on public assistance (68%), and admitted for detoxification for alcohol (47%), heroin (31%), or both alcohol and heroin (22%). Past 30-day smoking was reported by 78% of the sample, and 60% reported at least one quit attempt in the past year. Mobile phone ownership was common (89%); with an average past-year turnover of 4 mobile phones and 3 phone numbers. Computer ownership was low (28%) and one third reported daily internet use (34%). Telephone (41%) and text message-based interventions (40%) were the most popular technology-based intervention to facilitate smoking cessation.

CONCLUSIONS

Despite concurrent AUD-OUD, most respondents had attempted to quit smoking in the last year and preferred telephone- and text message-based interventions to facilitate smoking cessation. However, high turnover of mobile phones, phone numbers, and limited access to computers pose barriers to dissemination of technology-based smoking cessation interventions in this vulnerable population.
Fiscal Impact of Foreign Aid in Morocco: A Multivariate Cointegration Analysis
Authors: Aghoutane Kawthar , Karim Mohamed
Published: November 2018

The aim of this study is to evaluate the relationship between foreign aid and taxe revenue in Morocco by using the Error Correction Model Following the approach of Johansen to jointly capture the long-run relationship and short-run dynamics between aid and tax revenue. Other variables such as the shares of agriculture and industry in GDP, exports, imports and GDP are also included in the model. The results indicate that the direct effect of foreign aid on tax revenue is insignificant in the short term, but it becomes negative and significant in the long term.
Notas sobre la Ciencia de la Administración Pública.
Authors: Sánchez González José Juan
Published: November 2018

El autor describe y analiza las diversas corrientes del pensamiento administrativo moderno. Se exponen los referentes que han marcado la definición del estudio del objeto y del objeto de estudio en la Administración Pública, señalando los diversos autores que han explorado dichos enfoques.
Hacia la construcción de reformas de tercera generación para el Servicio Profesional Electoral.
Authors: Martínez Puón Rafael
Published: November 2018

El autor expone los factores que han dado pauta a la reformulación del Servicio Profesional Electoral desde su creación. Asimismo, expone las causas que hoy día generan la necesidad de un nuevo estatuto en el cual se atiendan los principales problemas y deficiencias del sistema con base al mérito y las nuevas responsabilidades del IFE.
Notas para la reforma administrativa de la Secretaría de la Defensa Nacional.
Authors: Rives Sánchez Roberto
Published: November 2018

El artículo presenta un análisis de la seguridad nacional en México desde el enfoque publiadministrativo, para la cual realiza un examen sobre la organización y funcionamiento de la Secretaría de la Defensa Nacional. En el contenido, se pone de relieve la trascendencia que han tenido los cuerpos militares en el combate al narcotráfico y se esbozan las principales características evolutivas del sistema de defensa nacional. Además, plantea una propuesta de reforma teniendo como base el análisis comparado aplicado a modelos exitosos de organización de una instancia de esta naturaleza.
Problemas de democracia y gobernabilidad. Corrupción de grupos de poder: el caso del SNTE y su impacto en el Estado de derecho.
Authors: Martínez Resendiz Gloria Erlinda
Published: November 2018

La autora expone la gobernabilidad democrática como un proceso en construcción que es susceptible de ser medido en términos políticos, jurídicos, sociales y culturales. Al respecto, y teniendo como marco los indicadores de gobernabilidad del Banco Mundial, realiza un análisis del caso del Sindicato Nacional de Trabajadores de la Educación y su impacto en las prácticas propias de un Estado de derecho.
El Presidencialismo y la rendición de cuentas en el Estado mexicano.
Authors: Pérez Varela Alfredo
Published: November 2018

El autor examina la relación entre el sistema político mexicano y la administración pública, la cual tiene como fundamento la construcción y consolidación de las instituciones de gobierno, que en su análisis no es un proceso acabado. Asimismo, argumenta sobre los impactos del presidencialismo en México en la conformación y funcionamiento del poder en términos institucionales, y plantea la práctica de la rendición de cuentas como una respuesta democrática y legal para garantizar la efectividad de las políticas públicas.
Impacto de la sociedad del conocimiento en los procesos de innovación gubernamental
Authors: Ventura Redondo Oscar Salvador
Published: November 2018

El autor presenta un análisis del impacto que la sociedad del conocimiento, y particularmente las Tecnologías de la Información y Comunicación, tiene en el desempeño de las instituciones gubernamentales. Para ello, explora las posibilidades de innovación en el marco de las organizaciones públicas con objeto de mejorar la comunicación entre el Estado y su sociedad, lo cual es punto de partida para fortalecer la naturaleza epistémica de la Administración pública, la formación del administrador público y sus metodologías de estudio de problemas disciplinarios.
Reflexiones sobre la gobernabilidad y su importancia para el desarrollo local
Authors: Husata Garay Raziel
Published: November 2018

El autor describe y analiza la importancia de la capacidad de gobierno para el fortalecimiento de los ámbitos regionales y locales. Para ello, realiza un ejercicio de definición de gobernabilidad y la distingue de ideas cercanas como la de gobernanza. Asimismo, expone indicadores y componentes para resaltar el sentido práctico de la gobernabilidad, y los relaciona con puntos que han de considerarse en la agenda de descentralización y mejoramiento de los gobiernos locales.
Reflexiones sobre la responsabilidad compartida entre ciudadanía y Administración Pública
Authors: Martínez Chávez Víctor Manuel
Published: November 2018

El artículo aborda la importancia de la participación ciudadana en el manejo de los problemas y asuntos públicos. El autor argumenta que las fallas en las políticas públicas se deben a la falta de involucramiento de la sociedad civil en la toma decisiones, así como en la instrumentación de las acciones. En consecuencia, propone que por medio de un modelo de diagnóstico holístico se genere un equilibrio entre dos tendencias de la Administración Pública, que son los esquemas de gobernanza, así como el uso de herramientas y técnicas para la prestación de un mejor servicio público.
Seguridad nacional e inteligencia en México: hacia un nuevo enfoque gubernamental
Authors: Arteaga Suárez Luis Gustavo
Published: November 2018

El autor expone que existe una tendencia en la preservación de la seguridad nacional de México a partir de los temas tradicionales, aunque, paradójicamente con una atención coyuntural. En consecuencia, hay resultados deficientes debido a que los esquemas de coordinación y corresponsabilidad interinstitucional deben fortalecerse, así como incrementar el interés de la ciudadanía en estos y otros temas para así favorecer su participación.
La Ética Pública como herramienta de combate a la corrupción
Authors: Santiago Reyes Montserrat Oliva
Published: November 2018

La autora argumenta sobre la necesidad de elevar los estándares del servicio público y crear una cultura administrativa basada en valores éticos, que procure y genere una mejor calidad de vida en la sociedad. Lo anterior como respuesta a la pérdida de confianza ciudadana en las instituciones de gobierno a raíz de la falta de transparencia y el insuficiente combate a la corrupción. En consecuencia, propone adicionar los controles externos con el fomento de la ética pública.
Proceso de gobierno: El incumplimiento de los compromisos del Pacto por México y la insuficiente construcción de redes de acción colectiva
Authors: García Martínez Enrique
Published: November 2018

El presente ensayo busca explicar y esclarecer el por qué el actual Gobierno Federal se vio en la necesidad de promover un consenso nacional entre diversos actores relevantes en la toma de decisiones en México, el cual se presentó a la opinión pública como el Pacto por México. Asimismo, se hace una enumeración de los acuerdos más importantes incluidos en este ejercicio para entonces, analizar estas acciones con el concepto del Nuevo Institucionalismo. México vive una etapa de cambios acelerados con motivo del reciente relevo del gobierno federal, ya que tras 12 años de gobiernos emanados del Partido Acción Nacional la ciudadanía optó en la última opción, por el Partido Revolucionario Institucional.
México y su inevitable necesidad de fiscalización y la importancia de contar con mecanismos de vigilancia dirigidos a las personas físicas
Authors: García de la Cruz Mariana Yareth
Published: November 2018

La autora analiza la baja en los niveles de recaudación en México respecto al PIB, debido a que no se ha logrado una ampliación adecuada de la base de contribuyentes, donde se retoma como aspecto principal el aumento desmesurado de la economía informal. Asimismo, examina la Reforma Fiscal y los mecanismo que de ella se desprenden para ayudar al Servicio de Administración Tributaria a evitar la evasión del Impuesto Sobre la Renta y así, en conjunto con la Auditoría Superior de la Federación y los procesos de fiscalización que realiza, se permita comprobar si el ejercicio de la Ley de Ingresos se ha ajustado a los objetivos señalados, para así no sólo lograr una adecuada recaudación fiscal sino permitir que los ingresos públicos obtenidos sean los suficientes para un adecuado funcionamiento del país.
El concepto de sistema en el análisis político y de políticas
Authors: Moyado Estrada Francisco
Published: November 2018

El autor plantea la aplicación del estudio de lo político, ampliamente dinámico, desde el enfoque sistémico, herramienta que fortaleció a la ciencia política. Para lo anterior, parte de una definición del concepto de sistema y sistema político; explica la relación entre decisiones y el establecimiento de políticas públicas. Finalmente, un aspecto fundamental dentro del estudio de los sistemas políticos es la función del lenguaje, en ese sentido se analiza el tema de los lenguajes políticos y su relevancia en los procesos de diálogo.
El Gobierno Abierto en México: ¿Un nuevo modelo de Gobernanza?
Authors: Chaidez Castaños Melissa
Published: November 2018

El presente artículo analiza las acciones en materia de Gobierno Abierto que ha llevado a cabo el gobierno mexicano desde el 2011, particularmente, se da un énfasis a los planes de acción derivados de la Alianza para el Gobierno Abierto en México (2013-2015), en donde se muestra la composición de 26 compromisos y se cuestiona si éstas acciones están contribuyendo a la instauración de un Gobierno Abierto en México a partir de las siguientes variables analíticas: Marco teórico del Gobierno Abierto, Ámbito Internacional, Ámbito Nacional, la descripción de los planes de acción de la Alianza para el Gobierno Abierto en México, el marco jurídico en el que se desarrollan las estrategias de la materia y por último, los actores públicos y autoridades que participan en la implementación de dichas acciones. Con base al análisis de estos aspectos, el Gobierno Abierto entendido como estrategia e iniciativa gubernamental, plantea la instauración de un nuevo modelo de gobernanza, en donde las bases sean la transparencia, la participación ciudadana y la colaboración de las diversas esferas sociales de un determinado país, sin embargo las acciones que ha implementado el gobierno federal mexicano, no necesariamente han marcado pautas para la apertura del gobierno, sino que se ha dejado de lado tanto la participación y la colaboración en la toma de decisiones públicas e incluso dentro del mismo proceso de elaboración de los planes de acción de la Alianza para el Gobierno Abierto en México.
A centralidade da categoria trabalho: uma Análise crítica do debate sociológico contemporâneo
Authors: Cardoso Luís Antonio
Published: November 2018

Ao longo dos últimos 40 anos, o debate sociológico tem sido impactado por todo um conjunto de autores e teses que vem propondo o fim da categoria trabalho, como uma categoria central no pensamento social. De fato, as últimas transformações que temos presenciado na economia, na  transformação dos processos produtivos e no trabalho contribuíram significativamente para o alavancamento deste movimento, levando diversos autores isolados e Escolas a  refletirem e a teorizarem sobre as mudanças em curso em nossa sociedade. Este artigo tem, pois, como objetivo explorar e fazer um mapeamento crítico das principais correntes e autores que contribuíram para o desenvolvimento deste debate, identificando suas principais teses e argumentos críticos. Para tal, o artigo estrutura-se em duas seções ou partes distintas. Na primeira, denominada A Centralidade da Categoria Trabalho no Pensamento Social realizamos uma abordagem introdutória colocando a questão da centralidade da categoria trabalho na construção do pensamento ou teoria social. Discorre-se aqui sobre como a categoria trabalho inostra-se importante desde a fase anterior à fundação da sociologia, até a consolidação desta cm sua fase clássica. São evocadas as principais idéias sobre o trabalho e a sua constituição enquanto um importante mecanismo de análise do social. Na segunda e última parte, intitulada O Fim da Centralidade do Trabalho e seus Debates Contemporâneos discorremos sobre o movimento de tentativa de descentralização da categoria trabalho no pensamento social que se desenvolve no decorrer do final do Século XX, contextualizando-o no conjunto deste debate. Em seguida,expomos as cinco grandes teses que consideramos as mais importantes no contexto desse movimento teórico. Por fim, fechamos o artigo com uma breve conclusão, na qual são expostas nossas considerações e questões mais imediatas.
A RESPONSABILIDADE CIVIL POR DANOS CAUSADOS AO MEIO AMBIENTE E O SURGIMENTO DO DANO AMBIENTAL FUTURO NO DIREITO BRASILEIRO
Authors: Da Silva Rogerio Borba
Published: November 2018

A Constituição da República Federativa do Brasil de1988 tutela o direito ao meio ambiente em seu art. 225, mas, para a sua melhor aplicação, deve ser apreciado em conjunto com outras normas, como as referentes à Responsabilidade Civil. Para tanto, neste artigo estudam-se as instituições  jurídicas  essenciais  à compreensão  do  tema,  como  a  Responsabilidade  Civil Ambiental: suas teorias, implicações e demais conseqüências; a Função Social da Propriedade e sua relação com o Meio Ambiente, o Conceito e Princípios de Direito Ambiental, bem como a construção do conceito de Dano, nas suas modalidades Material e moral e, especificamente, Dano Moral Ambiental Futuro.
Ativismo judicial: Por uma delimitação conceitual à brasileira
Authors: Vieira de Carvalho Fernandes Ricardo
Published: November 2018

No Brasil, algumas vezes a conceituação do termo ativismo judicial não é apresentada antes de se escrever sobre o tema; o que gera certa dificuldade de entender seus efeitos e os critérios de análise da legitimidade dessa atuação. O presente estudo tem o escopo de propor um conceito para ativismo judicial no País. Para tanto, preliminarmente propõe a apresentação das diferenças conceituais entre judicialização, judicialização da política e ativismo judicial. Utilizou-se da pesquisa bibliográfica aplicada pelo método dedutivo, que parte do geral para demonstrar o fenômeno particular observado. Sem se pretender discutir questões afetas à legitimidade de uma atuação ativa do Judiciário – ou sua ausência –, o presente estudo é concluído com a proposição de um conceito serve como base teórica inicial para os debates crescentes sobre a temática.
Do Outro Lado dos Trilhos: Restratando assesntamentos rurais ao longo da Estrada de Ferro Carajás em Açailândia (MA)
Authors: Motta Ribeiro Ana Maria , Sevá Janaína Tude , Lobato da Costa Rodolfo Bezerra de Menezes , Pinaud Deborah Zambrotti
Published: November 2018

Este trabalho aborda a temática das políticas públicas e desenvolvimento no Brasil a partir de resultados parciais da pesquisa realizada junto aos assentamentos rurais de reforma agrária e de colonização no município de Açailândia (MA). A pesquisa - fruto de um projeto de extensão universitária - objetivou um mapeamento dos principais conflitos fundiários e injustiças ambientais vivenciados pela população de assentados rurais na cidade localizada na Mesorregião do Bico do Papagaio (MA, TO e PA), território de encontro de projetos de mineração (Carajás) com as frentes de expansão do agronegócio. O mapeamento focalizou quatro dimensões das trajetórias e processos de lutas sociais dos assentamentos em questão: 1) processo histórico de ocupação e conquista da terra, 2) uso e ocupação do solo, 3) conflitos e 4) sonhos e projetos futuros. Historicamente ofuscados pelos processos hegemônicos de desenvolvimento, os assentados revelam a heterogeneidade dos processos de luta por terra e direitos no Brasil.