bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effects of Combined Hypothyroidism and Selenium Deficiency on Selenoenzyme Glutathione Peroxidase Activity in Rats
Authors: Milanović Svetlana , Valčić Olivera , Kirovski Danijela , Marinković Darko , Vranješ-Đurić Sanja , Gvozdić Dragan , Jovanović Ivan B.
Published: June 2024

The effects of propylthiouracil (PTU) treatment and selenium-deficient diet on selenium and thyroid status of Wistar male rats were examined in this study. Wistar male rats (n =128) were divided into four groups: (1) control group – selenium-adequate rats fed a diet supplemented with 0.334 mg Na selenite/kg feed and received regular drinking water (Se+PTU-); (2) selenium adequate rats fed a diet supplemented with 0.334 mg Na selenite/kg feed and received a dose of 150 mg/L of PTU in drinking water, (Se+PTU+); (3) selenium-deficient rats fed a diet containing 0.031 mg Na selenite/ kg and received regular drinking water (Se-PTU-); (4) selenium deficient rats fed a diet containing 0.031 mg Na selenite/kg and received 150 mg/L of PTU in drinking water (Se-PTU+). After three and seven weeks of treatment, all Se – animals had significantly lower whole blood Se concentrations and GPx1 and GPx3 activities. PTU induced a significant decrease in T4 and T3 plasma concentrations after three weeks of treatment in both PTU+ groups. Furthermore, after seven weeks, the T3 level was close to its detection limit in Se – animals. A negative correlation was spotted between GPx activity and concentration of T3 after three and seven weeks. It could indicate an inhibitory influence of thyroid hormones on the expression and/or activities of GPx enzymes related to the available Se in conditions of systemic decrease of T4 concentration. This effect was particularly pronounced in Se – animals.
Antibiotic Resistance Profile of Salmonella Enterica subsp. Enterica Isolated from Dog and Human Samples in Türkiye: The Case of Kastamonu
Authors: Günaydin Elçin , Mursaloglu Kaynar Pınar , Esener Aslı , Kul İsmail , Bayindir Bilman Fulya , Muderris Tuba
Published: June 2024

Salmonellosis is of great importance for humans and animals. Companion animals, particularly dogs, can be asymptomatic carriers of Salmonella, and thus have been ignored as a source of salmonellosis. They can also spread multidrug resistant Salmonella strains via dog feces, causing inconvenience in the treatment of human salmonellosis. The purpose of this study was to investigate the presence of Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica isolates from collected dog feces belonging to dogs residing at the Municipal Dog Shelter, Anatolian Shepherd Dog Farm, and from blood, stool, and joint fluid samples from humans with symptoms of gasroenteritis, abdominal, and joint pain. In addition to this, the antibiotic resistance profiles of Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica isolates were examined. A total of 45 human and 11 dog Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica isolates were obtained. The 11 Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica recovered from dogs were identified as S. Infantis, S. Enteritidis, and S. Typhimurium, which correspond to serovars priotorized for human health. Almost all human isolates (42/45) and all dog Salmonella isolates (11/11) were found to be resistant to one or five, and one or four of the tested antibiotics, respectively, but not for CFZ, CAZ, CST in human and CFZ, CAZ, CST, ETP in dog Salmonella isolates. Common resistance profiles in dog and human origin Salmonella isolates were GEN/AMK, AMP/GEN/CIP/SXT, AMP/CIP, SXT. Exhibition of the common resistance profiles against antibiotics recommended in the treatment of human salmonellosis should not be ignored. Companion animals should be monitored for carrying Salmonella and spreading antibiotic resistant bacteria.
Body Mass Index as a Factor Influencing Oocyte Competence and Implantation Potential – Distribution and Results in 4,882 Women Undergoing Fertility Treatment
Authors: Antonova I. , Ivanov D. , Yaneva G. , Magunska N. , Duylgerova-Nikolova D. , Yunakova M. , Shterev A.
Published: June 2024

Introduction

The large amount of excess adipose tissue affects negatively every single step of the assisted reproductive treatment process – from the controlled ovarian hyperstimulation (COH) to obstetric complications and health consequences for the fetus. A number of scientific data show correlation between impaired clinical pregnancy rates (CPR) and obese patients maintaining high body mass index (BMI). The debate whether high proportion of body fat negatively affects oocyte quality or only impacts endometrial receptivity remains open.

Aim

The aim of this study is to investigate the specific effect of the different BMI range in patients undergoing assisted reproductive technology (ART) treatment with reference to oocyte quality, fertilization capacity and Implantation potential.

Materials and methods

We analyzed a total of 4,882 women from partner couples who underwent ART treatment. Height and weight data were entered at the start of the in vitro fertilization (IVF) procedure. According to their BMI the female patients were divided in four distinct groups: in group 1 (underweight and BMI below 18.5 kg/m2) – 498 women, group 2 (normal range from 18.5 to 24.9 kg/m2) – 3021 women, group 3 (overweight with BMI between 25 – 29.9 kg/m2) – 789 women and group 4 (obese with BMI over 30 kg/m2) - 484 women.

Results

Distribution of the women in different BMI groups indicates that most of the Bulgarian patients undergoing fertility treatment are in the normal range. No association between BMI and ovarian response was found. A total of 33,205 oocytes were obtained after the COH. The mean numbers of the retrieved oocytes were similar (6,85 in group 1; 6,83 in group 2, 6,77 in group 3 and 6,67 in group 4) per woman and the fertilization rate was comparable in the four groups as it varies between 74-75%. Proportional categories of good, fair and bad embryos at cleavage stage were found. On the contrary according to CPR, Statistical difference between normal weight group (34,38%) versus overweight (29,6%) and obese groups (28,80%) (p < 0,05) was found.

Conclusion

No correlation was found between the number of the retrieved oocytes and BMI values. Statistically lower pregnancy rates were reported in overweight women with BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2 group and further onwards in the obesity group (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2), which may be associated with impaired endometrial receptivity as a result of abnormally high levels of adipose tissue.
New approach in Understanding Colorectal Cancer Immunosuppression and Immunotherapy-Based Strategies in the Treatment of Microsatellite Stable Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Gulubova M. , Chonov D. , Ignatova M. M. , Yovchev Y.
Published: June 2024

Except the widely accepted use of immune Checkpoint inhibitors in the treatment of microsatellite instability-high (MSI-H) mismatch repair-deficient (MMRd) CRCs representing about 5% of all metastatic (m)CRC patients, new strategies are applied to cure MMR-proficient (MMRp) mCRC patients. Tumor microenvironment (TME) is decisive for cancer development. The determination of some immunoeffective and immunosuppressive immune cells and some cytokines, chemokines and growth factors in the TME gives Information about the use of immune Checkpoint inhibitors in MMRp CRCs. The increased level of IL-6 in the serum and increased number of IL-6+ immune cells in TME, the increased number of IL-17+ Th17 cells, and of FoxP3+ cells are used to determine the use of anti-IL-6 antibody and of anti-FoxP3 antibody for treatment. The determination of high CD8+, high PD-1 expression and little or no Th17 cells appoint better response to anti-PD-1 therapy. The used combination therapies are: combination of immunotherapy with chemotherapy, with radiation therapy, with targeted therapy, with vaccines, oncolytic viruses and bispeeifie antibodies. Classical treatment of CRC patients has included chemotherapy, radiotherapy and surgery. Recently, immunotherapy has been added as a mainstay for therapy of CRC. The main checkpoint inhibitors used in CRC immunotherapy are pembrolizumab and nivolumab (anti-PD-1), durvalumab (anti-PD-L1), ipilimumab (anti-CTLA-4), favezelimab (anti-LAG3), etc. They are applied after fluorapyrimidine, oxaliplain, and irinotecan therapy. In conclusion, we may state that the future treatment of MSS CRC is in combination therapies, i.e. conventional and immunotherapies. We consider that immune infiltrate in TME must be assessed in order to determine combination therapies.
Socio-economic background, egg characteristics and hatchability of guinea fowl (Numida meleagris L) farming in Far-North Cameroon
Authors: Djitie Kouatcho François , Radu-Rusu Razvan M. , Aboukar Mahamat , Panzaru Claudia , Smiz Eliza , Clergé Tchiegang
Published: June 2024

The aim of this study was to contribute to guinea fowl farming productivity. Thus, a socio-economic and technical survey was conducted in Far-North Cameroon and 500 eggs were randomly collected for hatchability assessment. Additionaly, 90 eggs were collected from three localities for physico-chemical analysis. Guinea fowls are raised in free range and 53.3 % of farmers have traditional shelters and no sanitary measures are taken. Farmers have traditional know-how in terms of egg selection techniques for brooding and the management of guinea fowl. They are mostly sold at the market and prices of one living guinea fowl vary between 3 and 5 USD. Major constraints consist in financial needs and lack of appropriate rearing practices. Physico-chemical characteristics showed that weight and edible mater proportions were not affected by locality. Haugh unit of eggs from Bipain (71.04±3.88%) were lower than those from Guidiguis (81.01±7.40%) and Chaochai (84.30±5.83%) and the reverse was observed for lipid and protein contents. Effective hatching rate was 28.96% respectively with an embryonic mortality rate of 42.2% for all eggs. This work shows that guinea fowl farming remains poorly developed and the artificial incubation performances remain low, hence the need for better ways to increase productivity.
Haemato-biochemical parameters of lambs fed tannin containing Daniellia oliveri seed meal based diet
Authors: Adewale Okunade Sunday , Ajike Isah Olubukola , Ayobami Olafadehan Olurotimi , John Makinde Olayinka , John Adebayo Babatunde
Published: June 2024

This study investigated the effect of replacement of conventional protein source groundnut cake (GNC) with toasted-decorticated Daniellia oliveri seed meal (DSM) on haemato-biochemical parameters of lambs. Twenty intact 6-month-old lambs were used in an 84-day experiment. The animals were randomly divided into four treatments containing 0, 25, 50 and 75% DSM replacement levels for GNC. Five animals were randomly allotted to one of dietary treatments in a completely randomised design. The concentrates were formulated to have similar (P>0.05) CP of 181.0 g/kg DM on average. All the other nutrients in the formulated supplements were significantly different (P<0.05). There were increases in levels of organic matter (924.9–961.00 g/kg DM), non-fibre carbohydrates (238.03–329.36 g/kg DM) as well as condensed tannins, as the level of inclusion of DSM in the concentrate diet increased. Packed cell volume, white blood cell, lymphocytes, serum urea and glucose linearly increased (P<0.05) but mean corpuscular haemaoglobin concentration linearly decreased (P<0.05) while other haematological and serum parameters were similar among diets. Blood parameters were within established ranges for healthy sheep. The results indicate that tannins containing Daniellia oliveri seed meal can be incorporated up to 75% without compromising body immunity system and health of the animals.
Predictive-Adaptive Maintenance Applied for Optimizing the Performance of Industrial Electrical Systems and Equipment
Authors: Munteanu Ionuţ-Cătălin , Cazacu Emil , Petrescu Lucian
Published: June 2024

In the Industry 4.0 era, predictive maintenance became a crucial element in ensuring the efficiency and reliability of intelligent industrial systems. This paper proposes a critical study on the role and benefits of predictive maintenance in the context of optimizing and enhancing the performance of industrial electrical systems, more specific the on the asynchronous machine, highlighting emerging perspectives and challenges associated with the implementation of this advanced technology. Additionally, it brings to the forefront the latest concepts and solutions in predictive maintenance to provide a more comprehensive and conclusive view at the time of conducting this case study.
Arduino-Based Automotive Diagnostic Tester
Authors: Marin A.A. , Preduşcă G. , Stănescu C.
Published: June 2024

The work presented introduces a system that encompasses general notions about the dashboard computer and Arduino platform, used to create an automotive diagnostic tool through the OBDII port. This involves establishing a connection between the Arduino platform, a Bluetooth module, and a Bluetooth adapter that communicates with the Engine Control Unit (ECU), transmitting information displayed on an LCD screen. To highlight the system’s performance, a comparison of results was conducted with an authorized automotive tester from an auto service, using two different vehicle models.
Intelligent Trash Level Detection for Sustainable Urban Waste Management
Authors: Enache Bogdan-Adrian , Banica Cosmin-Karl , Bogdan Ana Geroge
Published: June 2024

This paper introduces an advanced trash bin fill ratio detection system, addressing the challenges of municipal solid waste management. Utilising the ESP32 CAM module, the system captures and transmits bin images via the ESP MESH protocol, enhancing waste management efficiency. The hardware relies on sustainable energy sources, including a photovoltaic cell and LiPo battery, ensuring continuous operation. On the software front, a client-server architecture is employed. The client-side captures images, while the server-side processes these images using a Python script and SQL database to determine bin fill levels. This innovative approach offers a scalable, cost-effective solution for improving urban waste collection and management.
Enhancing Blood Pressure Sensitivity: Innovative C-Shaped Slot Design in Microsensor Systems
Authors: Lahreche Tahar , Kandouci Malika
Published: June 2024

In this article, we successfully developed and simulated a wearable pressure sensor for monitoring blood pressure. This sensor utilizes MEMS technology and is based on LC wireless, eliminating the need for a battery system. The sensor is constructed with a metal-insulator-metal capacitive design, featuring a diaphragm measuring 1.1 mm × 1.1 mm and with a thickness of 22 µm. Furthermore, we devised a unique C-shaped circular slot diaphragm to enhance sensitivity by reducing the mechanical rigidity of the membrane. Our design and simulation were conducted using COMSOL Multiphysics. From our findings, we observed that the frequency response to varying pressure ranged from 285 to 445 MHz. Additionally, our results yielded a mechanical sensitivity of 125.7 nm/mmHg, along with a sensor sensitivity of 1.49 fF/mmHg. Notably, the sensor with the novel C-shaped circular slot diaphragm exhibited high-pressure sensitivity, surpassing that of a clamped diaphragm by 15.5%.
Pelatihan Relawan Pemeriksaan Hewan Kurban di Provinsi Lampung Tahun 2023 [Training of volunteer inspectors for sacrificial animals in Lampung Province in 2023]
Authors: Sirat Muhammad Mirandy Pratama , Ermawati Ratna , Farda Fitria Tsani , Qisthon Arif , Wanniatie Veronica , Santosa Purnama Edy
Published: June 2024

Lampung Province in 2022 ranked seventh nationally in beef cattle production with 906.6 thousand head and third in goat production with 1.67 million head, establishing itself as a key center for the provision of sacrificial animals. The training of volunteers in ante-mortem and post-mortem inspection of sacrificial animals aims to ensure the health of these animals. The sequence of outreach activities comprises five stages: 1) Administrative preparation; 2) Provision of training materials to volunteer inspectors; 3) Training in ante-mortem inspection of goats and cattle; 4) Training in post-mortem examination of goats; and 5) Evaluation of activities. The results from this community outreach initiative includes: 1) Training sessions and practical exercises in ante-mortem and post-mortem examination were attended by 104 volunteer inspectors in Lampung Province in 2023, resulting in a 10.55% increase in participants' knowledge from pre-activity (pretest) levels of 77.51% to 88.06% post-activity (posttest), categorized as high; 2) Ante-mortem and post-mortem inspections of sacrificial animals were conducted by 21 volunteer inspectors from 104 participants who took part in provision of training materials (20.19%)  across seven districts/cities in Lampung Province; 3) A total of 535 sacrificial animals were inspected, comprising 242 cattle and 293 goats with Bandar Lampung City having the largest proportion of inspection sites. Conclusion of this activity there was an increase in the knowledge of sacrificial animal inspection volunteers after the training.
Parallels And Contrasts Between Indonesian And Hungarian Contemporary Art (Considering The History Of Art)
Authors: Eszter Sipos
Published: June 2024

Comparing different cultures can give us a new perspective on how we look at the world we see and the art within it. My research is about the differences and similarities between Hungary and Indonesia, both in the personal fields and in the national aspect. After experiencing the reception and creation of art in both countries, I can draw a conclusion and use my experience in my further works. In the following pages I contrast two not only distant cultures but very different contemporary art through the works of well-known artists. However, another important part of the research is to find the similarities and the phenomenon that connects these two particular civilizations. The question arose in me as to whether it was possible to find aspects that could be found in both places. Art is global, the aim is the same. What is the purpose of art? Each country and each individual finds the answer to this central question on its own. What provided the foundations for contemporary art in Europe? Is sacredness present in art nowadays?Membandingkan budaya yang berbeda dapat memberi perspektif baru tentang bagaimana dunia dipandang beserta seni yang ada didalamnya. Penelitian ini mengenai perbedaan dan persamaan antara Hungaria dan Indonesia, baik dalam aspek pribadi maupun dalam bidang nasional. Setelah mengalami resepsi dan penciptaan seni di kedua negara, dapat ditarik kesimpulan dan menggunakan pengalaman peneliti dalam karya-karya selanjutnya. Pada bagian berikutnya, dilakukan perbandingan mengontraskan tidak hanya dua budaya yang jauh, tetapi juga seni kontemporer yang sangat berbeda melalui karya-karya seniman terkenal. Namun, bagian penting lain dari penelitian ini adalah menemukan persamaan dan fenomena yang menghubungkan dua peradaban tertentu ini.
Russian barbarism appering Georgian vocabulary: Focusing on negative appearing in literature and political speech
Authors:   Institute for Russian and Altaic Studies, CBNU, Kim Hee Youn , Pirtskhalava R Pirtskhalava R
Published: June 2024

Language plays a crucial role in shaping our cultures. The interaction and exchange of cultures are reflected in language, intertwining various languages. While Georgian is not a minority language, it can be classified as a rare language. The history of Georgia has maintained a close relationship, politically, culturally, and socially, with the Russian Empire era, leaving deep traces in language and culture. Beyond the unique characteristics of the Georgian language, the dynamic relationship highlights the increasing importance of studying Georgian. This study explores the phenomenon of Russianized barbarisms in Georgian and examines their use and meaning. Georgians designate certain words as barbaric and consider them to threaten the purity of the Georgian language. These words include loanwords, foreign words, and other imported vocabulary; however, the actual impact of these lexical invasions is complex and varied. Research has shown that Russian barbarisms have negatively impacted the Georgian language in a variety of areas, including literature, political discourse, and more. In particular, Georgian speakers are intentionally using these terms to convey specific messages, in line with efforts to strengthen Georgian linguistic identity and autonomy. This thesis aims to analyze the contemporary meanings of barbaric terms in the Georgian language by scrutinizing the dictionary of barbaric terms compiled by Tbilisi State University. This study presents a new topic for Georgian language studies in Korea, and is the first attempt to explore the linguistic exchange between Russia and Georgia.
Charcvteristics and Significance of the Xiongnu site at Yaloman-2 in the Altai Mountains of russia
Authors:   Institute for Russian and Altaic Studies, CBNU, Lee Woo Seop
Published: June 2024

In this paper, we consider the overall characteristics of the Yaloman site located in the Altai mountainous region and how to interpret the Xiongnu relics. Although the Xiongnu left no written language or records, they established the first nomadic empire and led a splendid culture. Although they are sometimes depicted as a barbaric group leading invasions in Chinese literature, they played a role as a mediator for Eastern and Western cultures throughout Eurasia.
At the Yaloman-2 site, the Bulankovin culture coexisted, and before that, the Pazyryc culture was established. What is interesting is that the belt decoration culture that appears here does not follow the traditions of the Pazyryk culture that existed before. Many of the artifacts are quite similar to those found in Xiongnu site along the coast of Mongolia and Transbaikal. If so, it is possible to reach the conclusion that the central date could be from the 2nd century BC to the 1st century AD.
As a result, the metal crafts identified at the Yaloman-2 site can be understood as representing the value of works of art while the cultural traditions of the Xiongnu in Central Asia. Most of the artifacts were made using materials from South Siberia, and some were made as imitations. Things like a lizard biting its own tail are believed to be imitations of the original Xiongnu. Those with dragon heads clearly prove that they accepted foreign culture and played a major role in East-West cultural exchange.
The Cult of the Bear among the Peoples of the Amur and Primorye (based on the materials of Russian researchers)
Authors:   Institute for Russian and Altaic Studies, CBNU, Startsev A. F. Startsev A. F.
Published: June 2024

Based on field materials and publications of Russian ethnographers, the article discusses the cult of the bear, which is widespread among the indigenous small-numbered ethnic groups of the southern part of the Far East. Among the native ethnic groups of the Amur Region and Primorye, this cult manifests itself in the so-called “bear” holiday, which was celebrated on two occasions: the first celebration was associated with the killing of an animal in a den, and the second - on the occasion of a bear grown in captivity. The peculiarity of this holiday lies in the fact that the bear at the region’s natives was a totem animal from the Neolithic era. Therefore, the “bearish” holiday among local peoples has pronounced totemic features that reflect various prohibitions. Starting with the killing of the beast and ending with the special process of eating it, all this was accompanied by magical actions aimed at diverting from the hunters the responsibility for killing the bear - a close “relative” in the female line. The peculiarity of the “bear” holiday lies in the fact that only men and the oldest women, incapable of having children, took part in it, and even then with a number of restrictions associated with eating meat. The totemic nature of this holiday is also reflected in the rite of keeping intact all the bones of the skeleton and skull of the bear, and their ritual burial is associated with the idea of reviving the dead animal. This holiday reflected the idea of the unity of two clans of one ethnic group and testified to a single process of cultural development among the peoples of the Amur and Primorye.
A Study on Traditional Beliefs and Rituals of the Nivkh People
Authors:   Institute for Russian and Altaic Studies, CBNU, Kim Min Soo , Soh Jong Seok
Published: June 2024

The traditional culture of tribes contains their unique way of life and provides clues to distinguish their cultural similarities and unique characteristics. In this paper, we examined the Nivkh people's worldview, cult of water, the idea of the soul and afterlife and bear worship in terms of their traditional beliefs, and examined traditional funerals and traditional weddings in terms of traditional rituals. The Nivkh people, who have lived at the mouth of the Amur River for a long time, reflect the surrounding natural environment in their traditional beliefs. The Nivkh people, whose main livelihood was related to water, not only divided the world into the upper world, the middle world, and the lower world, but also divided the middle world into the three worlds of rivers, seas, and lakes. The importance of water to the Nivkh people is demonstrated by periodic offerings to the water god Tol yz. In the Nivkh people's view of the soul, the repetitive transition of the soul to the afterlife continues and each time the soul gets smaller in size and eventually turns into dust. And the idea of reincarnation in this world coexists. The Nivkh people's view of the underworld is characterized by the belief that the underworld is nearby and that it is not difficult to get there. The Nivkh people's bear festival clearly shows the clan characteristics, the kinship relationship between bear and the Nivkh people, and the exchange relationship between bear and the Nivkh people. The traditional funeral of the Nivkh people was cremation, which changed to burial after the 1940s, but some elements of past cremation continued. The most characteristic feature of the Nivkh traditional wedding is the pot-stomping ritual.
Gambaran Penyakit Penyerta pada Pasien Diabetes Mellitus Tipe-2 Lanjut Usia di RSUP Dr. M. Djamil Padang Periode Januari 2020 – Januari 2021
Authors: Aulia Salsabila Syafna , Decroli Eva , Nurhayati Nurhayati
Published: June 2024

Abstrak
Latar Belakang:  Proses menua menyebabkan terjadinya penurunan kualitas hidup sehingga membuat pasien diabetes mellitus tipe-2 lanjut usia berisiko lebih tinggi memiliki penyakit penyerta.
Objektif: Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui gambaran penyakit penyerta pada pasien diabetes mellitus tipe-2 lanjut usia di RSUP Dr. M. Djamil Padang periode Januari 2020 – Januari 2021.
Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif observasional dengan desain penelitian cross sectional. Penelitian ini menggunakan data sekunder berupa data rekam medis. Ada 65 data yang memenuhi kriteria sampel dan data tersebut diolah, kemudian dianalisis melalui analisis univariat.
Hasil: Hasil penelitian menujukkan bahwa pasien diabetes mellitus tipe-2 lanjut usia paling banyak terdapat pada kelompok umur 60-69 tahun (86,2%) dan jenis kelamin perempuan (55,4%) dengan jumlah penyakit penyerta yang ditemukan pada masing-masing pasien sebanyak 6 penyakit, baik berdasarkan umur dan jenis kelamin. Jenis penyakit penyerta terbanyak yang ditemukan adalah jantung dan pembuluh darah (23,2%), terutama penyakit hipertensi. Kemudian diikuti dengan penyakit infeksi (20,1%), termasuk Covid-19 dan selanjutnya kelainan darah (13,1%).
Kesimpulan: Jenis penyakit penyerta terbanyak yang ditemukan adalah jantung dan pembuluh darah, terutama penyakit hipertensi.
Kata kunci:  diabetes mellitus tipe-2, lansia, penyakit penyerta
State-of-Art Therapeutics in IgA Nephropathy
Authors: Mathur Mohit , Sahay Manisha , Pereira Brian J. G. , Rizk Dana V.
Published: June 2024

Immunoglobulin-A nephropathy (IgAN) is the most common primary glomerulonephritis in the world, with up to 40% of patients progressing to end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) within 30 years of diagnosis. IgAN is characterized by elevated serum levels of galactose-deficient IgA1 (Gd-IgA1), which leads to immune complex formation and deposition in the glomerular mesangium, causing kidney injury. A diverse disease course and the long-term follow-up required for clinically relevant endpoints (e.g., ESKD) have been barriers to the development of novel therapies in IgAN. Disease management has focused on supportive care with inhibitors of the renin–angiotensin system and, more recently, sodium–glucose transporter inhibitors to control proteinuria. The recent acceptance of proteinuria as a surrogate endpoint by regulatory bodies and a better understanding of disease pathology have helped to initiate the development of several novel treatments. Subsequently, a targeted-release formulation of budesonide and a dual endothelin/angiotensin inhibitor (sparsentan) have received accelerated approval for patients with IgAN. However, additional therapies are needed to target the different pathogenic mechanisms and individualize patient care. Several compounds currently under investigation target various effectors of pathology. There are promising clinical results from emerging compounds that target the generation of Gd-IgA1 by B cells, including inhibitors of A PRoliferation-Inducing Ligand (APRIL) and dual inhibitors of APRIL and B-cell activating factor (BAFF). Other investigational therapies target the complement cascade by inhibiting proteins of the lectin or alternative pathways. As the therapeutic landscape evolves, it will be important to revise treatment guidelines and develop updated standards of care.
Acute Kidney Injury in Patients with Chronic Liver Disease: A Review
Authors: Elom Hilary A. , Hegazy Yassmin , Lerma Edgar V , Hassanein Mohamed
Published: June 2024

Introduction:

Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a frequent complication of chronic liver disease (CLD) contributing to high morbidity and mortality worldwide. While liver transplantation (LT) has shown favorable outcomes, early identification and management of AKI is imperative for survival. This review aims to highlight the epidemiology, pathophysiology, management, and prognosis of AKI in CLD.

Methods:

An extensive literature search was performed using PubMed, Medline, and Google Scholar to identify literature related to epidemiology, burden, clinical presentations, prognosis, and management of AKI in CLD.

Results:

The identified studies highlighted a wide range of prevalence of AKI in hospitalized patients with CLD. The etiology and pathophysiology are multifactorial and include prerenal AKI, acute tubular injury, sepsis, gastrointestinal bleeding, bacterial translocation from the gut, and hepatorenal syndrome (HRS). AKI is associated with a higher risk of morbidity and mortality and progression to chronic kidney disease following LT. Management of AKI in CLD varies based on the underlying etiology. While vasoconstrictors like terlipressin have shown great potential in the treatment of HRS-AKI and is widely used in Europe and United States, LT remains the definitive therapy of choice. In most cases, kidney replacement therapy serves as a bridge to liver transplant.

Conclusion:

AKI is a serious complication of CLD and early identification is essential. Diagnosis and management, particularly HRS is challenging and requires a high index of suspicion. More research is required to identify novel therapies to improve outcomes of AKI in patients with CLD.
Silent Hearing Loss in Kidney Transplant Patients Receiving Tacrolimus: A Fact or a Myth?
Authors: Abdulgalil Ahmed ElSaeed , Elnagdy Ola H. , Elnagdy Noha H. , Nagy Eman
Published: June 2024

Background:

It has been claimed that tacrolimus may have harmful effects on the auditory system, where it has been linked to ototoxicity and sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL). We evaluated silent SNHL in kidney transplant recipients (KTRs) receiving tacrolimus and the different factors affecting it compared to healthy controls.

Materials and Methods:

In this case control study, hearing functions were studied in 42 KTRs receiving tacrolimus as maintenance immunosuppressive therapy for more than 3 months in comparison to 27 age- and gender-matched healthy subjects using tympanometry, pure-tone audiometry (PTA), extended high frequency audiometry (EHFA), and transient evoked oto-acoustic emissions (TEOAEs). Also, different factors were studied in relation to SNHL.

Results:

PTA showed that 23.8%, 21.4%, and 4.8% had mild, moderate, and severe SNHL, respectively. One-fifth of KTRs had severe SNHL, according to EHFA. According to TEOAEs, 28.6% of KTRs had abnormal hearing. There was a significant positive correlation between the tacrolimus trough levels and the results of both the PTA (P = 0.002) and EHFA (P = 0.035) tests.

Conclusion:

SNHL was detected in about half of the studied KTRs. Silent SNHL in KTRs might be associated with higher tacrolimus trough levels.
Die Entwicklung der Flugsicherung in Deutschland - Teil 6 Die Geschichte der militärischen Flugsicherungsstellen der Deutschen Luftwaffe von 1955 bis 1981 am Beispiel von RHEIN UAC, LIPPE MATRAC, FÜRSTY, EIDER und WESER RAPC
Authors:   International Advisory Group Air Navigation Services (ANSA), Fischer Frank W.
Published: June 2024

Dieses Buch wurde unter Verwendung des von Georg Maier im Jahre 1981 erstellten Entwurfs zu diesem Bericht herausgegeben und vorliegend im Farbdruck nach kritischer Überarbeitung durch Frank W. Fischer veröffentlicht. Seit dem Jahre 1953 wurde in der Bundesrepublik die Flugsicherung für jeglichen Flugverkehr, abgesehen von unkontrollierten Landeplätzen, durch die Bundesanstalt für Flugsicherung ausgeübt. Flugsicherungsdienste für die Flugplatzkontrolle (TWR) und die Anflugkontrolle (APP) an militärischen Flugplätzen der Bundeswehr wurden im Jahre 1956 an die Deutsche Luftwaffe delegiert. Für die Streckenkontrolle bzw. Bezirkskontrolle (ACC) aller Arten von Flügen blieb die Bundesanstalt für Flugsicherung sowohl im unteren als auch im oberen Luftraum zuständig. Im Kern, so arbeiten es die beiden Autoren Georg Maier und Frank W. Fischer heraus, ist eine Trennung in zivile und militärische Flugsicherung eigentlich nicht möglich, wohl aber die Unterscheidung in gegensätzliche Aufgabenstellungen zwischen Flugsicherung und Luftverteidigung. Daher ist die Dokumentation einerseits ungewöhnlich und andererseits interessant, weil das Thema aus zwei völlig verschiedenen Perspektiven analysiert wird. Während Georg Maier die Betrachtungsweise der Deutschen Luftwaffe fokussiert, beschreibt Frank W. Fischer die Gesamtsicht der zivilen und militärischen Flugsicherung.
Solusi Persamaan Medan Einstein untuk Lubang Hitam Statis dan Bermuatan dengan Potensial Riesz
Authors: Zikri Era , Hasanuddin Hasanuddin , Azwar Azrul
Published: June 2024

Lubang hitam adalah objek astronomi dengan perilaku yang menarik untuk dikaji karena efek gravitasinya yang sangat kuat sehingga cahaya tidak bisa lepas dari efek tersebut. Perilaku lubang hitam dapat ditinjau dari parameter seperti massa, muatan listrik total, dan momentum sudutnya. Artikel ini bertujuan untuk menyelesaikan persamaan medan Einstein dengan menyertakan parameter massa dan muatan listrik total dengan potensial Riesz yang merepresentasikan sebuah lubang hitam. Perhitungan dimulai dengan penentuan inversi dari metrik ansatz, simbol Christoffel, tensor dan skalar Ricci, tensor Einstein, tensor kuat medan elektromagnetik, tensor energi-momentum, dan penyelesaian persamaan medan Einstein. Hasil yang diperoleh berupa solusi persamaan medan Einstein bentuk baru yang mengandung parameter s dengan interval dari 0 sampai tak hingga. Untuk nilai s sama dengan 0, solusi persamaan medan Einstein akan tereduksi menjadi solusi lubang hitam Reissner-Nordström, sedangkan untuk nilai s menuju tak hingga, solusi persamaan medan Einstein akan tereduksi menjadi solusi lubang hitam Schwarzschild. Hasil ini menunjukkan bahwa solusi persamaan Einstein yang diperoleh merupakan generalisasi dari bentuk solusi untuk lubang hitam Reissner-Nordström dan Schwarzschild. Adanya parameter  juga dapat menunjukkan evolusi kurvatur ruang-waktu dari metrik Reissner-Nordström ke metrik Schwarzschild.
Justification of a set of measures for forming an institutional environment and a management system for defense industry complex diversification
Authors: Baydarov D. Yu. , Faikov D. Yu.
Published: June 2024

The wave-like nature of the state defense order confirms the need to diversify the defense enterprises’ activities as a way to improve their sustainability and development, which allows them to maintain the required level of the country’s defense capability and economy mobilization readiness. Diversification into the civilian goods sphere makes it possible to use the defense industry complex competencies and resources to strengthen the country’s technological sovereignty and move towards technological leadership.

   The purpose of the study is to substantiate a set of measures for forming institutional environment and management system of defense-industrial complex diversification.

   The article considers the foreign experience of defense industry diversification and identifies the principles of interest for Russian enterprises. The systemic difficulties of defense industry complex diversification of methodological, institutional, organizational, socio-economic nature have been revealed. The fundamental bases for its effective implementation have been substantiated, including institutional conditions formation with a special administrative and legal regime, strategic technology transfer system organization, scientific and technological forecasting and planning system, the creation of a defense-industrial complex diversification three-level management system and a legal framework. The basis for the latter should be the federal law “On Diversification of the Defense Industrial Complex Organizations’ Activities”, and the first step should be the preparation of the Defense Industrial Complex Organizations’ Activities Diversification Concept.
Cluster approach to regional oil and fat subcomplex development
Authors: Suchkova N. R.
Published: June 2024

The article studies regional oil and fat subcomplex development in terms of the cluster approach application based on coordinating economic interests of sunflower seed producers, processing and marketing organizations under the condition of appropriate government support, as well as methodological, organizational, and information support by the relevant structures. On the basis of the production and economic indicators analysis it has been revealed that in the Saratov region sunflower production is quite effective, but the lack of interconnection between the oil and fat subcomplex subjects leads to uneven production volumes and highly varying profitability in the context of municipal districts of the region and lost profits formation at all stages of product movement. The author has developed a scheme of the regional oil and fat cluster subjects territorial location, represented by the areas of the cluster production core (with sunflower production volumes above the average regional level), production linking areas (with sunflower production volumes below the average regional level), as well as areas with developed infrastructure (with the presence of processing and storage facilities, and transportation hubs), allowing to establish an effective logistics system with mutually beneficial cooperation between regions. On the example of sunflower seed producers in the Saratov region clustering efficiency has been shown, which consists in production costs reduction as a result of transaction costs reduction and sales revenue growth due to the increase in the sunflower purchase price. The study results can be used in programs and proposals development to strengthen integration ties between the agro-industrial complex subjects.
High-tech industry development: selection of technology parks operation model elements in the field of high technology
Authors: Degtyareva V. V. , Seregin M. S.
Published: June 2024

The article presents the justification of model elements choice for technology parks work in the sphere of high technologies in Russia. The methodology for creating the model, which was built on the position of borrowing the best practices of existing models of innovation infrastructure facilities operation and functioning in the country, has been given. It has been proposed to form a rating among operating technology parks, within the framework of which a comprehensive assessment of technology park management companies’ performance has been carried out according to four groups of indicators (sub-indexes) such as subjects investment attractiveness, information openness, technology parks internal ecosystem, and management company efficiency. Based on the rating results, the leaders among technology parks have been identified, and their behavioral models adopted as reference metrics for the model to be developed. Based on the leaders’ position, it has been proposed to choose the best technology parks model in the field of high technologies in terms of their interaction with residents. Recommendations have been presented for the technology parks infrastructural model as the most promising for private companies, while investment projects should be developed considering federal requirements and standards to ensure their successful implementation and achievement of the set goals. Technology parks in the sphere of high technologies play a key role in Russian economy development. They contribute to the development of innovations, new technologies, high-tech industries, and knowledge-intensive business. It is important that such technology parks development is optimally organized with due regard to modern requirements and regulatory measures.
A benchmark study of dioxygen complexes based on coupled cluster and density functional theory
Authors: Swart Marcel , Reimann Marc
Published: June 2024

A set of five compounds containing peroxo, superoxo or bis-mu-oxo moieties has been studied in the gas phase using CCSD(T)/aug-cc-pVQZ, also in combination with Goodson’s continued fraction approach. The corresponding analytical frequencies corroborate assignments of bands from experiments, and thus provide a consistent set of reference data that can be used for benchmarking a range of density functional approximations. A total of 100 density functionals have been checked for the general bond lengths, the specific peroxo/superoxo bond lengths, angles, vibrational frequencies and electronic energies. There is not one density functional that performs equally well for all of these properties, not even within one class of density functionals.
Active learning driven prioritisation of compounds from on-demand libraries targeting the SARS-CoV-2 main protease
Authors: Cree Ben , Bieniek Mateusz , Amin Siddique , Kawamura Akane , Cole Daniel
Published: June 2024

FEgrow is an open-source software package for building congeneric series of compounds in protein binding pockets. For a given ligand core and receptor structure, it employs hybrid machine learning / molecular mechanics potential energy functions to optimise the bioactive conformers of supplied linkers and functional groups. Here, we introduce significant new functionality to automate, parallelise and accelerate the building and scoring of compound suggestions, such that it can be used for automated de novo design. We interface the workflow with active learning to improve the efficiency of searching the combinatorial space of possible linkers and functional groups, make use of interactions formed by crystallographic fragments in scoring compound designs, and introduce the option to seed the chemical space with molecules available from on-demand chemical libraries. As a test case, we target the main protease of SARS-CoV-2, identifying several small molecules with high similarity to molecules discovered by the COVID Moonshot effort, using only structural information from a fragment screen in a fully automated fashion. Finally, we order and test 19 compound designs, of which three show weak activity in a fluorescence-based Mpro assay, but work is needed to further optimise the prioritisation of compounds for purchase.
Mind-as-Body as a Cross-Linguistic Conceptual Metaphor
Authors: Iraide Ibarretxe-Antuñano
Published: June 2024

The conceptual metaphor MIND-AS-BODY (Sweetser 1990) is motivated by correspondences between our external experience (i.e. body) and our internal emotional and cognitive states (i.e. mind). Taking Sweetser's work on English perception verbs as the starting point, I will analyse in this paper the different semantic extensions that take place in this semantic field. I will focus on two main points: first, I will show how the metaphorical scope of these verbs is even larger than that proposed by Sweetser and second, I will provide further support for her claim that these mappings are cross-linguistic. The languages under investigation are two Indo-European languages, English (Germanic) ans Spanish (Romance), and one non-Indo-European, Basque.
Sexually Explicit Euphemism in Martin Amis's Yellow Dog. Mitigation or Offence?
Authors: Eliecer Crespo Fernández
Published: June 2024

It is the purpose of this paper to provide an overview of the euphemistic modality that I shall call ‘explicit euphemism’ by means of an insight into the taboo of sex in Yellow Dog (2003) by Martin Amis. I argue that in today’s literary language euphemism moves away from the traditional approach to the phenomenon. Indeed, explicit and plain-spoken allusions to sexual issues fulfil the main function of euphemism insofar as they avoid linguistic items deemed unacceptable in social discourse, especially the so-called ‘four letter words’ related to sex. In this respect, Amis’s novel constitutes a representative example of the treatment that the realm of sex receives nowadays, in which it is difficult to draw the line between euphemism and dysphemism, between mitigation and offence. In order to give insight into the incidence of this euphemistic modality in today’s literary language, the final part of the article offers a glossary of the cases of sexually explicit euphemisms encountered in the novel aforementioned.
Well-balanced central schemes for the One-dimensional shallow water equations
Authors:   ,   Lebanese American University -- Chouran Beirut, Malaeb Elissa
Published: June 2024

This thesis presents and contrasts two unique Unstaggered Central Scheme (UCS)’s for hyperbolic systems, specifically Shallow Water Equations (SWE): an Unstaggered Central Scheme with the Subraction Method (UCS-Sub) and an Unstaggered Central Weighted Essentially Non-Oscillatory Scheme with the Subtraction Method (UCWENO-Sub). Both schemes are made to protect the hyperbolic systems’ well-balanced (WB) characteristic, which keeps Steady state (SS) solutions immobile. This is made possible by implementing the subtraction method (SM), which effectively removes spurious numerical oscillations. Unstaggered schemes do not require the computationally costly step of solving Riemann problems at cell interfaces, which is a requirement of standard staggered systems. This results in notable efficiency gains. We perform an extensive comparison between UCS-Sub and UCWENO-Sub on several benchmark tasks to assess their respective performances. The outcomes show that both techniques are useful for approximating solutions to hyperbolic systems; while UCWENO-Sub gives priority to higher-order accuracy, they both strike a balance between simplicity, efficiency, and accuracy.