bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Can Automated Alerts in the Electronic Health Record Encourage Referrals for Genetic Counseling and Testing Among Patients at High Risk for Hereditary Cancer Syndromes?
Authors: Zorn Kristin K. , Simonson Melinda E. , Faulkner Jennifer L. , Carr Cyndee L. , Acuna Joshua , Hall Tiffany L. , Jenkins John F. , Drummond Karen L. , Curran Geoffrey M.
Published: March 2022

PURPOSE:

Up to 10% of cancers may be associated with an inherited mutation that increases cancer risk. National guidelines emphasize referral for genetic counseling and testing for patients whose personal and/or family history increases their risk of having a hereditary cancer syndrome.

METHODS:

To increase appropriate referrals for cancer genetic counseling and testing, we piloted an automated alert known as a Best Practice Advisory (BPA) in the electronic health record, Epic, to notify oncology providers when a patient had a personal and/or family history that merited referral to cancer genetics. Epic could not gather the complex clinical data needed for the referral decision automatically, necessitating staff completion of a questionnaire. After educating providers, the BPA was implemented with resources to support its use.

RESULTS:

Initial interaction with the alert was high but rapidly dwindled, resulting in questionnaire completion in 7.2% of more than 32,000 encounters and 14.9% of patients over 9 months. However, cancer genetics referrals increased 95.9% during the pilot ( P < .0001), with 18.5% placed through the BPA and the rest from a non-BPA mechanism. Semistructured interviews with key stakeholders revealed not only general acceptance of the BPA concept but also barriers to completion, such as pressure to room patients quickly in the face of competing BPAs and lack of buy-in from some providers.

CONCLUSION:

These results suggest that provider engagement and BPA fatigue are significant obstacles to acceptance of a new automated alert. Despite interest in a tool for cancer genetics, the demand on clinical time for this complex BPA was poorly tolerated.
Influence of humidity on the binding of stone fragments via capillary bridges
Authors: Persson B. N. J.
Published: March 2022

We study the humidity dependency of the adhesion (or pull-off) force between granite fragments and a silica glass plate. The particles bind to the glass plate via capillary bridges. The granite particles are produced by cracking a granite stone in a mortar and have self-affine fractal surface roughness. Theory shows that the surface roughness results in an interaction force between stone fragments and the glass plate which is independent of the size of the particles, in contrast to the linear size dependency expected for particles with smooth surfaces. We measure the adhesion force by depositing the granite particle powder, with particle sizes ranging from mm to μm (or less), on the glass plate. By turning the glass plate upside-down all particles with a gravitational force larger than the adhesion force will fall off the glass plate. By studying the size (and hence the mass) of biggest still attached particles we obtained the adhesion force, which is found to be in good agreement with the theory prediction.
Integrative Clinical, Radiological, and Molecular Analysis for Predicting Remission and Recurrence of Cushing Disease
Authors: Moreno-Moreno Paloma , Ibáñez-Costa Alejandro , Venegas-Moreno Eva , Fuentes-Fayos Antonio C , Alhambra-Expósito María R , Fajardo-Montañana Carmen , García-Martínez Araceli , Dios Elena , Vázquez-Borrego Mari C , Remón-Ruiz Pablo , Cámara Rosa , Lamas Cristina , Carlos Padillo-Cuenca José , Solivera Juan , Cano David A , Gahete Manuel D , Herrera-Martínez Aura D , Picó Antonio , Soto-Moreno Alfonso , Gálvez-Moreno María Ángeles , Castaño Justo P , Luque Raúl M
Published: March 2022

Context

Adrenocorticotropin (ACTH)-secreting pituitary tumors (ACTHomas) are associated with severe comorbidities and increased mortality. Current treatments mainly focus on remission and prevention of persistent disease and recurrence. However, there are still no useful biomarkers to accurately predict the clinical outcome after surgery, long-term remission, or disease relapse.

Objectives

This work aimed to identify clinical, biochemical, and molecular markers for predicting long-term clinical outcome and remission in ACTHomas.

Methods

A retrospective multicenter study was performed with 60 ACTHomas patients diagnosed between 2004 and 2018 with at least 2 years’ follow-up. Clinical/biochemical variables were evaluated yearly. Molecular expression profile of the somatostatin/ghrelin/dopamine regulatory systems components and of key pituitary factors and proliferation markers were evaluated in tumor samples after the first surgery.

Results

Clinical variables including tumor size, time until diagnosis/first surgery, serum prolactin, and postsurgery cortisol levels were associated with tumor remission and relapsed disease. The molecular markers analyzed were distinctly expressed in ACTHomas, with some components (ie, SSTR1, CRHR1, and MKI67) showing instructive associations with recurrence and/or remission. Notably, an integrative model including selected clinical variables (tumor size/postsurgery serum cortisol), and molecular markers (SSTR1/CRHR1) can accurately predict the clinical evolution and remission of patients with ACTHomas, generating a receiver operating characteristic curve with an area under the curve of 1 (P < .001).

Conclusion

This study demonstrates that the combination of a set of clinical and molecular biomarkers in ACTHomas is able to accurately predict the clinical evolution and remission of patients. Consequently, the postsurgery molecular profile represents a valuable tool for clinical evaluation and follow-up of patients with ACTHomas.
William T. G. Morton’s English Patent for Etherization: Patently Pointless?
Authors: Haridas Rajesh P. , Mather Laurence E. , Bause George S.
Published: March 2022

Boston dentist William T. G. Morton secured a provisional English patent for etherization in December 1846. The full patent specification was submitted 6 months later, and the patent was sealed on June 18, 1847. The enrolled copies of the provisional and full patents, which are held in The National Archives, London, have not been previously documented in the anesthesia literature. We review the communications between Boston and London regarding the patent for etherization, the possibility that preliminary discussions and trials of etherization may have been conducted in London before the earliest known application of the discovery for a dental extraction on December 19, 1846, and the role of the American lawyer James Augustus Dorr, who was Morton’s agent in the United Kingdom.
The Pass System in Practice: Restricting Indigenous Mobility in the Canadian Northwest, 1885–1915
Authors: Storey Kenton
Published: March 2022

This article is an examination of the impact of the pass system on First Nations people from the Treaty 4 District of Western Canada. The pass system, which was implemented by the Department of Indian Affairs (DIA) in 1885, was a system of administrative control that required many treaty people to obtain the permission of DIA staff before traveling off-reserve. The article is inspired by Alex Williams’s recent documentary The Pass System, which draws on the testimony of Indigenous elders while challenging accepted wisdom about both the impacts of the pass system and the length of its implementation. Through the examination of four case studies, the article shows how the pass system was applied indiscriminately, disrupting not only the free movement of First Nations people but also their governance structures. Finally, the article suggests that many Treaty Four people may have acquiesced to the pass system for the most part but resisted most vociferously in the context of the DIA’s attempt to curtail Nehiyaw ceremonies.
The Texcoco Coat of Arms
Authors: Castañeda de la Paz María
Published: March 2022

During the last couple of years, the Texcoco coat of arms has received much attention, yet there is no agreement on the interpretation of some of its heraldic elements or its date and authorship. In this article the author presents a new iconographic study accompanied by a review of an important part of Texcoco’s history to demonstrate that the goal of the artist who painted this coat of arms was to exalt that city’s most significant political events: Nezahualcoyotl’s conquest of the Acolhua capital of Coatlinchan and the relocation of its court to Texcoco. Various additional aspects suggest that this coat of arms pertains to the first half of the seventeenth century; they also provide clues to the possible identity of the intellectual author of this shield.
A Trans Way of Seeing
Authors: Eisenberg-Guyot Nadja , Rotolo Kitty
Published: March 2022

This autoethnographic piece, cowritten through letters exchanged between Kitty Rotolo, currently incarcerated in New York State, and Nadja Eisenberg-Guyot, an abolitionist organizer and graduate student in New York City, explores elaborations of trans identity, affinity, and community across prison walls. Reflecting on the authors’ friendship and the possibilities for mutual recognition that queer kinship has afforded them—even across the distance and disposability produced by incarceration—these letters reveal transness as a practice of seeing. Through letter writing and storytelling, the authors explore how Rotolo has negotiated incarceration in men's prisons, including the transphobic violence of prison, in order to articulate and live transness—as individual identity, as resistance, as affinity, as collectivity, and as practice—inside.
Long-Term Risks of Hemorrhage and Adverse Radiation Effects of Stereotactic Radiosurgery for Brain Arteriovenous Malformations
Authors: Hasegawa Toshinori , Kato Takenori , Naito Takehiro , Tanei Takafumi , Okada Kou , Ito Risa , Koketsu Yuta , Hirayama Kento
Published: March 2022

BACKGROUND:

The information about long-term risks of hemorrhage and late adverse radiation effects (AREs) after stereotactic radiosurgery for brain arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) is lacking.

OBJECTIVE:

To evaluate the long-term risks of hemorrhage and late ARE rates in patients with AVM treated with Gamma Knife surgery (GKS).

METHODS:

We examined 1249 patients with AVM treated with GKS. The Spetzler–Martin grade was I in 313 patients (25%), II in 394 (32%), III in 458 (37%), and IV/V in 84 (7%). The median treatment volume was 2.5 cm3, and the median marginal dose was 20 Gy.

RESULTS:

The median follow-up period was 61 months. The 5- and 10-year nidus obliteration rates were 63% and 82%, respectively. The 5- and 10-year cumulative hemorrhage rates were 7% and 10%, respectively. The annual hemorrhage rate was 1.5% for the first 5 years post-GKS, which decreased to 0.5% thereafter. During the follow-up period, 42 symptomatic cyst formations/chronic encapsulated hematomas ([CFs/CEHs], 3%) and 3 radiation-induced tumors (0.2%) were observed. The 10- and 15-year cumulative CF/CEH rates were 3.7% and 9.4%, respectively.

CONCLUSION:

GKS is associated with reduced hemorrhage risk and high nidus obliteration rates in patients with AVM. The incidence of late AREs tended to increase over time. The most common ARE was CF/CEH, which can be safely removed; however, careful attention should be paid to the long-term development of fatal radiation-induced tumors.
Malignant Pineal Parenchymal Tumors in Adults: A National Cancer Database Analysis
Authors: Chalif Eric J. , Murray Richard D. , Mozaffari Khashayar , Chillakuru Yeshwant R. , Shim Timothy , Monfared Ashkan , Sherman Jonathan H.
Published: March 2022

BACKGROUND:

Limited retrospective data exist on malignant pineal parenchymal tumors (PPTs) in adults, and there are no large previous studies that review clinical outcomes across the 3 treatment arms of surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy. As a result, optimal disease management has yet to be defined.

OBJECTIVE:

To evaluate treatment trends and perform survival analysis in adult PPT.

METHODS:

The National Cancer Database was queried for histologically confirmed PPT diagnosed from 2007 to 2016. Univariate and multivariate Cox regressions were used to evaluate the prognostic impact of covariates. Kaplan–Meier survival curves were generated for comparative subanalyses.

RESULTS:

Of the 251 patients who met inclusion criteria, 172 had PPTs of intermediate differentiation (PPTID) and 79 had pineoblastoma. A plurality of patients with pineoblastoma were treated with trimodal therapy (39.1%), whereas patients with PPTID were commonly treated with either surgery alone or surgery and radiation (33.7% each). Factors independently associated with improved overall survival include younger patient age, female sex, lower comorbidity score, lower tumor grade, and treatment with surgery or radiation (each P < .05). Subanalyses confirm the effect of radiation on survival in patients with grade III PPTID with subtotal resection; however, no survival benefit of adjuvant radiation is demonstrated in patients with grade II PPTID with subtotal resection.

CONCLUSION:

Although radiotherapy and surgery were found to increase survival in all patients with PPT, there was no demonstrable survival benefit of adjuvant radiation in surgically treated patients with grade II PPTID. This suggests that adjuvant radiotherapy may not add significant survival benefit in many adult patients with grade II PPTID.
Endoscopic Far-Lateral Supracerebellar Infratentorial Approach for Petroclival Region Meningioma: Surgical Technique and Clinical Experience
Authors: Xie Tao , Wang Yushe , Zhang Xiaobiao , Shao Naiyuan , Lu Weicheng , Yang Qiaoqiao , Qu Chenghui , Li Chen , Liu Tengfei , Liu Shuang , Zhu Wei
Published: March 2022

BACKGROUND:

The management of petroclival region meningioma remains the ultimate achievement in neurosurgery, because of the formidable technical challenges involved.

OBJECTIVE:

To describe the technique and feasibility of the purely endoscopic far-lateral supracerebellar infratentorial approach (EF-SCITA) for the treatment of petroclival region meningiomas.

METHODS:

We reviewed the clinical data of 10 consecutive cases of petroclival region meningiomas treated with the EF-SCITA from August 2018 to August 2020. The clinical outcomes were analyzed. The patient was placed in the lateral position, and then, a “C” shaped incision and craniotomy with exposed sigmoid and transverse sinuses were performed. With the endoscopic holder, endoscopic procedures were performed using standard 2-hand microsurgical techniques. Whether the tentorium or Meckel cave was handled depended on the tumor extension.

RESULTS:

The mean diameter was 45 × 25 mm. Dizziness and headache were the main symptoms. All 10 patients achieved gross total or subtotal resection (Petroclival Meningioma Grade I-III) with good neurological outcomes. The EF-SCITA provides satisfactory, direct exposure to the petroclival region. Cranial nerve deficits are the main postoperative complications. Two patients had a trochlear nerve injury, 3 patients had transient facial paralysis, and 2 patients had oculomotor paralysis (1 total and 1 incomplete), but both of them recovered during the follow-up period. One patient experienced an ipsilateral superior cerebellar artery infarction, and another patient had transient hemiparesis.

CONCLUSION:

The EF-SCITA is effective for most petroclival region meningiomas, except for the cavernous sinus type. This approach simplifies craniotomy procedures, omits burdensome petrosectomy, and avoids crossing posterior neurovascular structures.
Chronic stress and captivity alter the cloacal microbiome of a wild songbird
Authors: Madden Anne A. , Oliverio Angela M. , Kearns Patrick J. , Henley Jessica B. , Fierer Noah , Starks Philip T. B. , Wolfe Benjamin E. , Romero L. Michael , Lattin Christine R.
Published: March 2022

There are complex interactions between an organism's microbiome and its response to stressors, often referred to as the ‘gut–brain axis’; however, the ecological relevance of this axis in wild animals remains poorly understood. Here, we used a chronic mild stress protocol to induce stress in wild-caught house sparrows (Passer domesticus), and compared microbial communities among stressed animals, those recovering from stress, captive controls (unstressed) and a group not brought into captivity. We assessed changes in microbial communities and abundance of shed microbes by culturing cloacal samples on multiple media to select for aerobic and anaerobic bacteria and fungi. We complemented this with cultivation-independent 16S and ITS rRNA gene amplification and sequencing, pairing these results with host physiological and immune metrics, including body mass change, relative spleen mass and plasma corticosterone concentrations. We found significant effects of stress and captivity on the house sparrow microbiomes, with stress leading to an increased relative abundance of endotoxin-producing bacteria – a possible mechanism for the hyperinflammatory response observed in captive avians. While we found evidence that the microbiome community partially recovers after stress cessation, animals may lose key taxa, and the abundance of endotoxin-producing bacteria persists. Our results suggest an overall link between chronic stress, host immune system and the microbiome, with the loss of potentially beneficial taxa (e.g. lactic acid bacteria), and an increase in endotoxin-producing bacteria due to stress and captivity. Ultimately, consideration of the host's microbiome may be useful when evaluating the impact of stressors on individual and population health.
Inactivity and the passive slowing effect of cold on resting metabolism as the primary drivers of energy savings in overwintering fishes
Authors: Reeve Connor , Rowsey Lauren E. , Speers-Roesch Ben
Published: March 2022

Winter dormancy is a seasonal survival strategy common among temperate ectotherms, characterized by inactivity, fasting and low metabolic rates. Previous reports of metabolic rate depression (MRD) in winter-dormant ectotherms, including many fishes, may have resulted from confounding influences of temperature-dependent variation in activity on metabolic rate measurements. We hypothesize that, as demonstrated recently in the winter-dormant cunner (Tautogolabrus adspersus), inactivity and the passive physicochemical (Arrhenius) effect of cold on standard metabolic rate (SMR) are the common primary mechanisms underlying the low metabolic rates among winter-dormant fishes. Using automated video tracking, we investigated threshold temperatures for winter dormancy onset (major reductions in activity, increased sheltering and fasting) in four phylogenetically diverse teleost species reported to be winter dormant: cunner, pumpkinseed sunfish (Lepomis gibbosus), American eel (Anguilla rostrata) and mummichog (Fundulus heteroclitus). All species showed large activity and feeding reductions, but the magnitude of change and dormancy threshold temperature was species-specific. We propose that a continuum of overwintering responses exists among fishes from dormant to lethargic to active. The relationship between activity and metabolic rate was then measured using video-recorded automated respirometry during acute cooling and following cold acclimation in pumpkinseed, mummichog and eel. In all species, activity and metabolic rate were strongly correlated at all temperatures, and cooling caused reduced activity and metabolic rate. When variation in activity was controlled for across temperatures spanning the dormancy thresholds, the thermal sensitivity of metabolic rate including SMR indicated the predominance of passive physicochemical influences (mean Q10<3.5), rather than active MRD. Activity reductions and physicochemical slowing of metabolism owing to cold appear to be the primary energy-saving mechanisms in overwintering fishes.
Thermo-Responsive Silver Nanocube Assembled Films
Authors: Mitomo Hideyuki , Takeuchi Chie , Sugiyama Ryo , Tamada Kaoru , Ijiro Kuniharu
Published: March 2022

Cube-structured silver nanoparticles (AgNCs) were synthesized and modified with oligo(ethylene glycol) (OEG)-attached alkane-thiol ligands. They showed thermo-responsive color changes dispersed in water and also good dispersibility in CHCl3. They formed well-packed assembled structures at the air-water interface. AgNC assembled films also showed a strong plasmonic property and thermo-responsiveness.
Preparticipation Screening before Physical Activity in Community Lifestyle Interventions
Authors: Armstrong Marni , Paternostro-Bayles Madeline , Conroy Molly B. , Franklin Barry A. , Richardson Caroline , Kriska Andrea
Published: March 2022

Behavioral lifestyle interventions in the community setting are effective in reducing the risk and burden of chronic diseases. The promotion and implementation of physical activity plays a key role in these community-based lifestyle programs. New guidelines on preparticipation screening for cardiovascular disease before physical activity have been released which include substantive modifications. These updated recommendations represent a substantial paradigm shift toward a more liberal approach that results in fewer individuals needing to seek medical clearance before starting a physical activity program. This shift has significant implications for those promoting physical activity within the community setting. The objectives of this commentary are to review the updated recommendations within the context of community-based lifestyle intervention programs such as those currently being offered throughout the United States for the primary purpose of diabetes prevention and to discuss the implications for those providers developing and implementing such programs.
Identity and Perceptions of Procedural Justice in the Courts in Turkey: Ethnic and Political Factors
Authors: Akboga Sema , Sahin Osman
Published: March 2022

Procedural justice, which is about the fairness of procedures that the legal authorities use in their interactions with the public, is an important determinant of people’s general evaluations of these authorities. Based on a nationally representative survey with 1,804 people, this article investigates how socio-political identities such as ethnicity and one’s status as a political winner or loser affect people’s perceptions of procedural justice in the courts in Turkey. Multivariate regression analysis revealed that Kurds and political losers are more likely than Turks and political winners, respectively, to think that the courts in Turkey are not procedurally just. Furthermore, we found that voting for the incumbent party or being an Alevi does not have an effect on Kurds’ perceptions of procedural justice in the courts. We, therefore, argue that ethnicity and being a political winner are two important identity factors that determine people’s perceptions of procedural justice in the courts in Turkey. We concluded that because Kurds and political losers are less likely to identify with the state, they have more negative perceptions of procedural justice in the courts in Turkey.
Kültürel Boyutlar Kuramı Bağlamında Kültürel Farklılıkların İletişime Etkisi: Kore Hava Yolları’nda 1997’de Meydana Gelen Uçak Kazası
Authors: Aydın Ali Fikret
Published: March 2022

Bir ulusa ait kültürel özellikler, toplumdaki kişilerin tutumlarını etkilediği gibi iş yaşamındaki çalışanların davranışlarında da belirgin bir etkiye sahip olabilmektedir. Bu bağlamda farklı ülkelere ait kültürel değerleri analiz eden en kapsamlı araştırma, sosyolog Geert Hofstede tarafından yapılmıştır. Hofstede, ülkelerin kültürel davranışlarını inceleyerek farklı türlerde kültürel boyutlar belirlemiştir. Bu boyutlar, o toplumdaki kişilerin iş ortamındaki davranışlarını ve iletişim biçimini anlamak açısından önem taşır. Bir toplum içerisinde iletişim şeklini belirleyen bazı kültürel unsurlar aynı şekilde iş hayatında da devam ettirildiğinde olumsuz birtakım sonuçlara yol açabilmektedir. Bunun en belirgin örneği olarak Kore Hava Yolları’nın 1997 yılında yaşadığı ölümcül kaza gösterilebilir. Kaza, teknik sebeplerden değil Güney Kore’nin kültürel yapısından ve kullandıkları dilden kaynaklanan aşırı hiyerarşiden meydana gelmişti. Bu kapsamda makalenin amacı, kültürel unsurların iletişime nasıl yansıdığını ele almak ve kültürel nedenlerden kaynaklanan iletişim sorunlarının zaman zaman ciddi olumsuz sonuçlara sebep olabileceğini ortaya koymaktır. Bu bağlamda Hofstede’nin kültürel boyutlar kuramı çerçevesinde kültürel unsurlar ortaya konulmuştur. Araştırma yöntemi olarak örnek olay çalışması kullanılarak Güney Kore Hava Yolları örnek olayı vasıtasıyla konu irdelenerek öneriler sunulmuştur. Araştırma sonunda kültürel faktörlerden kaynaklı iletişim sorununun hava yolu kazasına neden olduğu sonucuna ulaşılmıştır.
Populism as the Politics of (Mis)Recognition
Authors: Aytekin Büşra
Published: March 2022

Society consists of several different groups possessing unique demands, interests, and lifestyles. The power relations among these groups tend to result in inequalities and injustices, causing certain ways of life to degrade despite democracy’s ultimate aim of providing equal opportunities for all. The politics of recognition and populism arrive in this context as two forms of politics aiming to fix the problems found in the disadvantaged sections of society. By revolting against society’s asymmetrical relations in the constructive social power that brings with it the ability to define the boundaries, relevance, and status of identities, populism presents itself as a significant solution to the claims of recognition. Nevertheless, populism excludes the essential requirements of the politics of recognition such as dialogue, negotiation, and discussion through its antagonistic distinction between the people and the elite. Populism also reflects on its problematic understanding of representation with regard to struggles for recognition and its instrumentalization of feelings of misrecognition. This paper offers a view of populism as a false response to the politics of recognition that uses demands for recognition to shift but not balance the power asymmetry in society.
Αξιολόγηση των γνώσεων μελλοντικών εκπαιδευτικών σε θέματα επιστημών της θάλασσας και της συμβολής των τεχνολογιών της πληροφορίας και των επικοινωνιών (ΤΠΕ) ως πηγών πληροφόρησης
Authors: Αποστολούμη Χρύσα
Published: March 2022

Σκοπός της παρούσας μελέτης είναι να συμβάλλει στην προαγωγή του Θαλάσσιου Γραμματισμού. Για τον σκοπό αυτό, προσδιορίστηκαν έξι Αρχές για τα θαλάσσια αγγειόσπερμα. Η καθεμία Αρχή υποστηρίζεται από ένα σύνολο Εννοιών. Αυτές οι Αρχές και Έννοιες αφορούν σημαντικά ζητήματα της βιολογίας των θαλάσσιων αγγειόσπερμων (Αρχές 1-4), της αξίας τους (Αρχές 3-5), της απώλειας και της προστασίας τους (Αρχή 5), αλλά και της επιστημονικής έρευνας σχετικά με τα θαλάσσια αυτά φυτά (Αρχή 6). Οι Αρχές και οι Έννοιες για τα θαλάσσια αγγειόσπερμα μπορούν να χρησιμοποιηθούν πρωτίστως για εκπαιδευτικούς σκοπούς, αλλά και για την ενημέρωση του κοινού και των υπεύθυνων χάραξης πολιτικής και λήψης αποφάσεων. Επιπρόσθετα, αναπτύχθηκε μια τυπολογία μελλοντικών εκπαιδευτικών Πρωτοβάθμιας Εκπαίδευσης ως προς τις γνώσεις τους για τα θαλάσσια αγγειόσπερμα, αλλά και για γενικά ζητήματα Επιστημών της Θάλασσας. Για το σκοπό αυτό, τα ερωτηματολόγια SOLE-30 και SeAS χορηγήθηκαν σε δείγμα 250 προπτυχιακών φοιτητών/τριών ενός Παιδαγωγικού Τμήματος. Ο μέσος όρος επιτυχίας τους στις ερωτήσεις του SOLE-30 φανέρωσε χαμηλό προς μέτριο επίπεδο γνώσεων για γενικά ζητήματα των Επιστημών της Θάλασσας, ενώ ο αντίστοιχος μέσος όρος στις ερωτήσεις του SeAS φανέρωσε χαμηλό επίπεδο γνώσεων για τα θαλάσσια αγγειόσπερμα. Η εφαρμογή κατάλληλων μεθόδων ανάλυσης δεδομένων έδειξε τρεις διακριτές ομάδες μελλοντικών εκπαιδευτικών όσον αφορά το επίπεδο των γνώσεών τους. Όσον αφορά τις γνώσεις για γενικά ζητήματα Επιστημών της Θάλασσας, οι ομάδες διαφέρουν ως προς το μορφωτικό επίπεδο των γονέων τους, αλλά και ως προς τη χρήση του Διαδικτύου ως μέσου πληροφόρησης για ζητήματα που σχετίζονται με το θαλάσσιο περιβάλλον. Όσον αφορά τις γνώσεις για τα θαλάσσια αγγειόσπερμα, οι ομάδες διαφέρουν ως προς το επίπεδο των γνώσεων για γενικά ζητήματα των Επιστημών της Θάλασσας, την επιλογή τους σχετικά με την σημαντικότερη πηγή πληροφόρησης για θέματα των επιστημών αυτών, αλλά και ως προς τη χρήση του Διαδικτύου ως μέσου πληροφόρησης. Τα παραπάνω ευρήματα μπορούν να αξιοποιηθούν στο πλαίσιο των προγραμμάτων σπουδών των Παιδαγωγικών Τμημάτων Δημοτικής Εκπαίδευσης για τον σχεδιασμό προσαρμοσμένων εκπαιδευτικών στρατηγικών και παρεμβάσεων, προκειμένου να ενδυναμωθεί η γνώση των μελλοντικών εκπαιδευτικών για σημαντικά θέματα των Επιστημών της Θάλασσας.
Αντιλήψεις γονέων για τη συμβολή του παιχνιδιού στην ανάπτυξη της μαθηματικής σκέψης βρεφών ηλικίας 11 μηνών έως 2 ετών-Μελέτη Περίπτωσης
Authors: Πέτρου Παυλίνα , Παναούρα Αρετή
Published: March 2022

Η παρούσα έρευνα αποτελεί μέρος ερευνητικού προγράμματος το οποίο στοχεύει στη διερεύνηση της επίδρασης που μπορεί να έχει η τυπική και μη τυπική διδασκαλία μέσω παιχνιδιού στην ανάπτυξη της μαθηματικής σκέψης βρεφών  ηλικίας 11 μηνών – 2 ετών. Στο παρόν κείμενο επικεντρωνόμαστε σε μία διάσταση του θέματος η οποία κρίνεται ιδιαίτερα σημαντική στη συγκεκριμένη ηλικία, το ρόλο και τις αντιλήψεις των γονιών σε αυτό. Τα ποσοτικά και ποιοτικά δεδομένα συλλέχθηκαν από γονείς ενός βρεφονηπιοκομικού σταθμού στην Κύπρο, ο οποίος αποτέλεσε μελέτη περίπτωσης. Συγκεκριμένα δόθηκε ερωτηματολόγιο σε γονείς, ενώ μία μικρότερη ομάδα έλαβε μέρος σε ατομική συνέντευξη και παρέδωσε ημερολόγιο με δραστηριότητες που οργάνωσαν με τα παιδιά τους. Μέσα από τις αναλύσεις των ποιοτικών αλλά και των ποσοτικών δεδομένων προέκυψαν βασικά συμπεράσματα για τις αντιλήψεις των γονιών ως προς το ρόλο του παιχνιδιού γενικά, στη μαθηματική εκπαίδευση των παιδιών τους ειδικά, για το ρόλο των βρεφονηπιοκόμων και των δραστηριοτήτων που οργανώνουν οι ίδιοι στο φυσικό περιβάλλον των παιδιών. Φάνηκε ότι οι γονείς πιστεύουν ότι το παιχνίδι οποιασδήποτε μορφής και τύπου (αυτοσχέδιο ή εργοστασιακό, ελεύθερο ή οργανωμένο, εσωτερικό παιχνίδι στο σπίτι ή υπαίθριο παιχνίδι) αποτελεί το σημαντικότερο εργαλείο διδασκαλίας, αλλά και οικοδόμησης των διαφόρων μαθηματικών εννοιών από παιδιά ηλικίας 11 μηνών – 2 ετών, αφού αποτελεί μέρος της φυσικής ανάγκης των ιδίων των παιδιών. Οι ίδιοι, είτε παίρνουν ιδέες από τους εκπαιδευτικούς για να οργανώνουν δραστηριότητες με τα παιδιά τους, είτε επιλέγουν τα εργοστασιακά παιχνίδια. Με βάση τα αποτελέσματα της έρευνας συζητείται ο ρόλος που μπορεί να έχει η μη τυπική εκπαίδευση των βρεφών με δραστηριότητες που οργανώνονται στο φυσικό τους περιβάλλον από τους γονείς.
SPATIAL DATABASES OF AGRONOMIC GEOINFORMATION SYSTEMS
Authors: Pavlova Anna I.
Published: March 2022

The work is devoted to the development of spatial databases for the assessment of agricultural land. The geodatabase is aimed at geoinformation support of assessment, agroecological typing (groups, types of land) of agricultural lands, development of adaptive-landscape farming systems. The paper presents the structure of the database of regional and local levels. Three different ways of user interaction with the AgroGIS database are proposed. For practical implementation, it is proposed to use the object-functional approach to database development, based on the use of cloud data storage technology in the DBMS SQlite.

Background. Geoinformation support of agronomic geoinformation systems (AgroGIS) is aimed at assessing natural-territorial conditions and environmental factors in agrolandscapes, development of adaptive landscape farming systems. AgroGIS geodatabases serve to store, analyze and present spatial information on agricultural land. As shown by an analysis of literary sources, the term “geodatabase” was formed more than twenty years ago. At the same time different geodatabases are known: archaeological, cartographic, soil and others. They differ in the object of research, structure and content, as well as the way of data organization. This indicates the relevance of the topics of the present research.

Purpose. The purpose of the work is to develop the structure and content of the geodatabase agronomic GIS.

Materials and methods. The object-functional approach to database development, which is supported by object-oriented database management systems (DBMS) and classical relational DBMS, is used. The essence of this approach is to implement functional tasks taking into account the needs of the user.

Results. The main components of geodatabase in the form of separate sets of spatial classes (Climate, Relief, Soil, Vegetation, Hydrography, Agrolandscape) are proposed. At the same time the paper shows the need for practical implementation of agronomic geoinformation geodatabases from several aspects.

Conclusion. In the development of spatial databases of agronomic GIS the most important feature is the ability to constantly update information in the form of temporal component. Practical implementation of temporal geodatabases is possible with the use of non-relational database management systems, as well as methods of processing big data (Big Data).
Didactic Synthesis of Physics and Biology in Solving Biophysical Problems at School
Authors: Starchenko Sergey , Urazbaeva Syrgul
Published: March 2022

The article deals with the issues of combining physics and biology by solving biophysical problems in a specialized school. Based on the theory of integration of the content of natural science education, the concept of "didactic synthesis" is given as one of the levels of interdisciplinary integration of natural science knowledge. The authors, relying on an integrative-personal approach to the content of natural science education, show the possibility of forming scientific and theoretical thinking and the development of the natural science style of teaching and practical activities of high school students in solving biophysical problems of various types. The method of solving qualitative, quantitative, experimental and research biophysical problems is considered, which ensures the formation of proficiently significant mental neoplasms of high school students.
Environmental Races: a New Social Format of Human Development in Nature and Society
Authors: Ovchinnikov Yu. , Chubenko I. , Mutallimova G.
Published: March 2022

In the article, the authors present a new direction of health-saving education in Russia-ecological races. This direction has not received the status of a sporting event, but is defined by the organizers as a social event with a certain idea of international partnership in the format of plotting. The historical perspective of Plogging allows us to compare the ideological system of cleanliness of the territory in settlements during the USSR period. The authors identify the levels of Plogging in Sweden, taking into account the territorial development in Russia and its features. Plogging is trying to develop as a volunteer movement in the cities of Moscow and St. Petersburg with the organization of the route through social networks. For the first time, children's plogging was organized in the quest format, in a playful way that promotes motivation of ecological culture and ergonomic living environment on the territory of residence. Ecological races should be aimed at promoting a healthy lifestyle, nature conservation and the formation of ergonomics.
The Financial Component of Government Measures to Protect the Environment: International and Russian Experience
Authors: Lysenko D.
Published: March 2022

The article is devoted to the role of the state in supporting and protecting the environment. The paper considers and characterizes preventive and stimulating environmental protection measures that can be applied to companies. Examples of implementation abroad and in Russia are given for all measures. The analysis of the relationship between environmental protection measures, as factors influencing the index of environmental efficiency, is carried out, the indicator of the cost of a ton of carbon is determined as significant. Particular attention is paid to the new instrument "green" bonds, its characteristics and advantages are presented, as well as a market analysis is carried out. The results of the analysis have been summed up and the keyways of developing a competent environmental policy have been identified.
Sustainable Innovative Development of Business Processes of Value-Oriented Logistics Systems: Content and Directions
Authors: Careva E. , Ivanova D.
Published: March 2022

The article is devoted to the issues of sustainable innovative development of business processes of value-oriented logistics systems. In the first part of the article the content of value-oriented logistics systems focused on providing demanded value that meets the needs of customers is disclosed; the value structure, including the core and buffer belt, is considered; the application of a process approach in the management of value-oriented logistics systems is justified. In the second part of the article the importance of innovations in the formation of value-oriented systems is determined, the main directions of innovative development of business processes of logistics systems are identified, the role, structure and influence of digital innovations in the development of the value orientation of logistics systems are revealed. Special attention is paid to the consideration of digital tools that are actively used in the transformation of business processes in logistics systems.
Automation of Business Processes in Small Enterprises and Increasing Their Level of Digitalization Through the Development of Digital Infrastructure Through the «Transformation of the Information Circulation System»
Authors: Ermashkevich Natalia , Ron'zhin G.
Published: March 2022

The article is devoted to the study of the possibilities of modern means of automating business processes in small enterprises and increasing their level of digitalization through the development of the digital infrastructure of such companies through reengineering and transformation of the information circulation system. The article shows the possibility of using the developed author's methodology for transforming the information turnover system («TSOI»), which includes a number of algorithms and makes it possible to increase the efficiency of reengineering business processes in small businesses. The authors, within the framework of the article, describe the application of the developed specialized software (software) to automate the process of collecting tender documents from the platforms of electronic trading – «ROSA». The article substantiates the possibility of introducing the developed toolkit into the activities of small enterprises, and also conducts its approbation on the example of reengineering of business processes of a real enterprise. The effectiveness of the proposed toolkit has been proven within the framework of the case under consideration due to the calculations of the economic effects obtained from the implemented tools of the complex of business process automation tools.
Risk Management of Retailers as Participants of the Ecosystem of the Russian Retail Trade
Authors: Bryncev A.
Published: March 2022

The article examines the concepts of "risk management" and "ecosystem", as well as provides a detailed analysis of the ecosystem of the Russian retail trade, the participants of which are domestic retailers. The retailers X5 Retail Group and VkusVill are considered as an example of effective use of the e-commerce ecosystem. As a result of research, the main problems in the risk management of retailers X5 Retail Group and VkusVill were identified, and practical recommendations for their elimination were proposed.
Integral Assessment of the Effectiveness of the Provision of Public Services
Authors: Garnov Andrey , Bryuhanova N. , Levkevich M. , Novikova E.
Published: March 2022

The article provides a comprehensive analysis of key indicators characterizing the effectiveness of the provision of public services in the field of promoting employment in the Krasnodar Territory. The used methodological approach to the calculation of the integral indicator made it possible to increase the validity, transparency and verifiability of the assessment results, which is a serious contribution to the formation of a sustainable platform for making informed management decisions by the public administration sector.
The role of antenatal education as a prevention of emerging disorders during pregnancy
Authors: Janicka-Kubiak Elżbieta , Kubiak Tomasz , Baranowska Agata , Bulsa Marek , Ciosek Żaneta
Published: March 2022

Introduction. The presented work is the result of a literature`s studies in the field of feeding pregnant women and experimental analysis on their knowledge and health behaviors. The study highlighted the importance of preventive actions by medical staff and school instructors in giving birth to the education of future mothers. The aim of the study was to determine the knowledge of pregnant women about the principles of proper nutrition. The analysis verified the ability to use the obtained data in the daily life of the respondents.

Materials and method. The research group consisted of 101 pregnant women, including 51 patients from one of the Poznan`s Hospitals of Gynecological and Obstetrics Department and 50 participants of Birth School in the same city. The research tool was an authoritative questionnaire that included questions about the knowledge of pregnant women about the impact of a rational diet for a developing fetus.

Results. On the basis of the data obtained it can be stated that students of childbirth schools were more willing and more likely to undertake pro-health activities than those who were never participants in such courses. The effectiveness of knowledge transfer by professionals is an important element of prevention of disorders during pregnancy. In educational programs, emphasis should be placed on the practical application of the acquired knowledge.

Conclusions. The future mother should have clearly defined goals and principles in the rush of all the information. Thanks to them she will be able to consciously and without risk of complications as a result of bad eating habits, survive the period of nine consecutive months and enjoy the correct course of pregnancy and its completion.
Actualidad y futuro del pensamiento de Eugenio Coseriu. Estudios de teoría del lenguaje, descripción lingüística, dimensión textual y lingüística peruana
Authors: Fernández Alcaide Marta , Garatea Grau Carlos , Wiesse Rebagliati Jorge
Published: March 2022

Este volumen, que conmemora el centenario del nacimiento de Eugenio Coseriu, ha reunido a una serie de especialistas que proponen valoraciones teóricas y empíricas sobre la actualidad del pensamiento coseriano, así como su aplicación a disciplinas que el profesor de Tubinga no abordó o solo hizo tangencialmente. Los autores han desarrollado sus reflexiones a través de los temas del trinomio lingüística, filosofía de la lingüística y filosofía del lenguaje; asimismo, han abarcado aspectos textuales y algunas de las lenguas del Perú. De esta manera, la obra se estructura en torno a cinco bloques: "Eugenio Coseriu: vida y obra", "Teoría del lenguaje", "Conceptos y categorías para la descripción lingüística", "La dimensión textual" y "Lingüística peruana". La obra, dirigida desde Perú por Carlos Garatea Grau y Jorge Wiesse Rebagliati y coordinada desde Sevilla por Marta Fernández Alcaide constituye una muestra de la continuidad y fecundidad del legado del maestro rumano y refleja la proyección con la que conectó el continente americano y el europeo, de ahí que la nómina de autores esté constituida por investigadores de ambas zonas geográficas.
A Machine Learning–Enabled Partially Observable Markov Decision Process Framework for Early Sepsis Prediction
Authors: Liu Zeyu , Khojandi Anahita , Li Xueping , Mohammed Akram , Davis Robert L , Kamaleswaran Rishikesan
Published: March 2022

Sepsis is a life-threatening condition, caused by the body’s extreme response to an infection. In the United States, 1.7 million cases of sepsis occur annually, resulting in 265,000 deaths. Delayed diagnosis and treatment are associated with higher mortality rates. An exponential rise in the availability of medical data has allowed for the development of sophisticated machine learning algorithms to predict sepsis earlier than the onset. However, these models often underperform, as the training data are retrospective and do not fully capture the uncertain future. In this study, we develop a novel framework, which we refer to as MLePOMDP, to leverage and combine the underlying, high-level knowledge about sepsis progression and machine learning (ML) for classification. Specifically, we use a hidden Markov model to describe sepsis development at a high level, where the ML model makes the higher-order “observations” from temporal data. Consequently, a partially observable Markov decision process (POMDP) model is developed to make classification decisions. We analytically establish that the optimal policy is of threshold-type, which we exploit to efficiently optimize MLePOMDP. MLePOMDP is calibrated and tested using high-frequency physiological data collected from bedside monitors. Different from past POMDP-based frameworks, MLePOMDP is developed for a prediction task using a very small state definition, produces highly interpretable results, and accounts for a novel and clinically meaningful action space. Our results show that MLePOMDP outperforms machine learning–based benchmarks by up to 8% in precision. Importantly, MLePOMDP is able to reduce false alarms by up to 28%. An additional experiment is conducted to show the generalizability of MLePOMDP to different patient cohorts.

Summary of Contribution: This study develops a novel real-time decision support framework for early sepsis prediction by integrating well-known machine learning models (random forest and neural networks) with a well-established sequential decision-making model, namely, a partially observable Markov decision process (POMDP). The structural properties of the optimal policy are further explored and a threshold-type structure is established, which is then leveraged to develop a customized algorithm to solve the problem more efficiently. The resulting framework demonstrates the benefit of applying POMDPs to augment machine learning outputs. Specifically, the framework results in the reduction of false alarms in sepsis predictions where decisions are made in real time, hence improving the overall prediction precision.
Religious Affiliation and Wrongdoing: Evidence from U.S. Nursing Homes
Authors: Mohliver Aharon , Ody-Brasier Amandine
Published: March 2022

We explore the relationship between organizational religious affiliation and wrongdoing using a unique data set on inspections in 16,101 nursing homes over five years. We find that violations of standards of care are more severe in religiously affiliated homes. We track this difference to a reduction in the likelihood that organizational members file complaints rather than poorer behaving caretakers or differential treatment by enforcement agents. Fewer complaints increase the time that religiously affiliated homes operate without monitoring, which allows violations to escalate before they are detected. Our findings highlight an understudied process in the literature on organizational wrongdoing: Although much attention has been devoted to how inspector bias can lead to incorrect conclusions about the true rates of wrongdoing across organizations, religious affiliation can lead to similarly incorrect conclusions—but through an internal organizational process.

This paper was accepted by Lamar Pierce, organizations.

Supplemental Material: The data files and online appendices are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2022.4350 .
Equipartition of a Segment
Authors: Avvakumov Sergey , Karasev Roman
Published: March 2022

We prove that, for any positive integer m, a segment may be partitioned into m possibly degenerate or empty segments with equal values of a continuous function f evaluated on segments, assuming that f may take positive and negative values, but its value on degenerate or empty segments is zero.

Funding: S. Avvakumov’s research was supported by the European Research Council under the European Union’s Seventh Framework Programme [ERC Grant StG 716424–CASe]. R. Karasev’s research was partially supported by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research [Grant 19-01-00169].