bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Illocutionary and Perlocutionary Act in Black Monday TV Series
Authors: Gunawan Sherina
Published: December 2022

This study was done to find out types of illocutionary acts produced by four main characters in episode 5 in season 1 of Black Monday the series, and to reveal the perlocutionary acts reacted by the interlocutors in responses to the illocutionary acts of four main characters in episode 5 in season 1 of Black Monday the series. In this study, the writer used the speech acts theory by Cutting (2002) and Paltridge (2012), the theory of locution, illocution and perlocutionary act by Paltridge (2012). Besides that, this study was done using a qualitative approach. The result of this study showed that the main characters mainly used representative, expressive, and directive when talking to their interlocutors and the perlocutionary acts followed the main characters’ utterances. The conclusion is that status and ethnic superiority on Black Monday influenced the utterance when main characters said their utterances.
Increasing PyonPyon’s Instagram Traffic through Livestreams
Authors: Yusran Anthony Febrianto
Published: December 2022

PyonPyon is a start-up company in Jakarta that runs on the healthy-beverage industry. During the author’s final assessment internship, PyonPyon was having trouble on getting traffic or even public exposure on their main social media account, Instagram. The author then identified PyonPyon’s problem as low traffic and public exposure on their main social media marketing. Therefore, a solution was implemented by putting PyonPyon on an endorsement through live streamers and posting unique Instagram post. Supporting the solution, the author needs to know the level of brand awareness and consumer’s buying behavior. Thus, a survey was created to 36 respondents from across Indonesia. From the questionnaire, result showed that PyonPyon’s brand awareness is currently at the lowest stage, which is “unaware of brand”. After the survey and implementing the solution, result showed that by putting PyonPyon on live streamers that has decent live views, it can raise the Instagram traffic of PyonPyon. The author decided that endorsement in live streams is a good way to gain traffic and to gain public exposure, also increases PyonPyon brand awareness, since the target market, or the live viewers can check out PyonPyon’s Instagram and product at the same time while it is shown on the show.  The author created a strategy by applying theories such as measuring levels of brand awareness from Aaker (1991), methods to increase brand awareness from Liando and Setyawati (2014), social media marketing from Hayes (2021), and advertising from Yakup (2011).
The Portrayal of Material Culture in an Indonesian Webtoon ‘Terlalu Cantik’
Authors: Divina Ong, Marsha
Published: December 2022

This study uses an Indonesian Webtoon titled ‘Terlalu Cantik’ as an object of research. This Webtoon is particularly interesting as the main female character, Teh Ga, is portrayed as someone who consumes a lot of objects which differentiate her from other characters in the Webtoon, and therefore convey a message that objects carry meanings. Using material culture as a theoretical framework, this study finds out that Teh Ga utilizes different objects including means of transportation, house decoration and facilities, food, clothes, skincare products, and her social media (i.e., Instagram account) for different purposes which are to show her social status, to shape her identity, and to exercise power over others.
An Annotated Translation of Canvas
Authors: Nancy Lay Carmelia Avelyne , Limanta Liem Satya
Published: December 2022

In this study, the writers discussed difficulties, solutions, and strategies used to translate poems of Canvas by doing an annotated translation. The data was taken from the book entitled ‘Canvas’ by Beni Wego. The strategies that the writers used were four strategies by Lefevere (1975), eight strategies by Baker (2018) and two strategies by Newmark (1988). Then, there were two most suitable strategies used which were translation by paraphrase using a related word and free translation. From the analysis, the difficulties were dealing with words that have similar meaning, difficult words to be translated in the TL, length of words, literal meaning, non-equivalent words, words that have multiple meanings, words that cannot be lexicalized, unimportant words, information, words that need more explanation, and idiom structure. From this study, it could be concluded that doing annotated translation help the process of finding out difficulties and solutions.
Meeting notes
Authors: - -
Published: December 2022

Meeting notes for 13 May 1895.
Mapeamento Científico e Tecnológico do Uso de Glicerina e Soapstock como Fluido de Recuperação Avançada de Petróleo
Authors: Amorim Maria Gabriela Sena , Oliveira Pedro Clever Carneiro de Almeida , Silva Humbervania Reis Gonçalves da , Quintella Cristina M.
Published: December 2022

Grandes quantidades de petróleo ficam retidas nos poços após recuperação primária. Para resolver esse problema, métodos avançados de extração de óleo foram desenvolvidos. O presente estudo mapeou o uso de glicerina e soapstock, subprodutos do biodiesel, como fluidos de injeção para aumentar o fator de recuperação de poços maduros. Utilizou-se o Quest Orbit na busca de patentes, fazendo uso de combinações de palavras com código de classificação internacional associados ao uso de surfactantes como fluídos EOR, em especial a glicerina bruta e o soapstock. As buscas de artigos foram feitas na plataforma Elsevier. Os resultados foram 31 patentes e 107 artigos relacionados, nos quais se observou a difusão das tecnologias a partir de 2015 e as tendências ao desenvolvimento na China, Estados Unidos e Brasil. Notou-se maior difusão do tema em países produtores de petróleo e biodiesel, além de observar a necessidade de maiores investimentos na área, a fim de proporcionar desenvolvimento econômico, social e sustentável.
Mapeamento de Informações Tecnológicas em Documentos de Patente: uso da Montrichardia linifera (Arruda) Schott na produção de fármacos, larvicidas e repelentes
Authors: Ribeiro Elaine Nathalie M. Negrão , Mendes Amílcar Carvalho
Published: December 2022

O estudo tem o objetivo de mapear informações tecnológicas contidas em documentos de patente relacionadas ao aproveitamento da espécie Montrichardia linifera (Arruda) Schott, conhecida popularmente como aninga, matéria-prima na produção de fármacos, larvicidas e repelentes. A prospecção tecnológica foi realizada com técnicas de busca de anterioridade nos pedidos de patentes depositados no Instituto Nacional da Propriedade Intelectual (INPI) e na European Patente Office (ESPACENET), o mapeamento tecnológico e a análise de cenários foram realizados por meio da matriz SWOT. Embora a matriz vegetal prospectada seja de importante interesse medicinal e fitossanitário, foi constatada a ausência de registro de tecnologias que utilizem espécies do gênero Montrichardia em composto ou como matéria-prima para fármacos, larvicidas e repelentes, com exceção daqueles de titularidade do Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi (MPEG). E, dada as características botânicas e bioquímicas da aninga, é possível versatilizar seu uso como medicamento e defensivo, campos tecnológicos em constante ascensão, e imprimir competitividade às tecnologias desenvolvidas pelo MPEG com essa espécie vegetal.
Prospecção de Patentes de Cosméticos com a Presença de Malus domestica e Similares entre os Anos 2015-2020
Authors: Batista Daniel de Souza , Latif Abdon Luiz  Ornelas , Macedo Tainara Silva , Santos Taís Pereira dos
Published: December 2022

A Malus domestica que possui metabólitos presentes em sua composição tem aplicações diversas. Estudos fitoquímicos demonstraram a presença de compostos como ácido málico e procianidinas tipo B que podem ser utilizados em formulações cosméticas. Este artigo discute uma busca por patentes de cosméticos com a presença de Malus domestica e espécies similares. A metodologia utilizada foi a revisão sistemática com uma base de dados obtida no Espacenet. Vinte e duas patentes foram consideradas adequadas para discussão nesta revisão com a presença de Malus domestica em formulações cosméticas com funções hidratantes, antienvelhecimento e clareadoras, e a China obteve o maior número de patentes depositadas com mais de 40%. Malus domestica mostrou-se uma promissora fonte de metabólitos aplicáveis na área cosmética, devido à versatilidade encontrada nas patentes, ao usar ativos naturais, o que corrobora com o crescimento dessas patentes e o estudo quanto ao uso da Malus domestica.
Instrumentos de Propriedade Industrial no Setor de Beneficiamento Mineral Brasileiro: aplicações práticas no segmento de rochas ornamentais
Authors: Pagel Uonis Raasch , Carolino Jaqueline
Published: December 2022

Neste artigo pretende-se realizar um levantamento da possibilidade de aplicações práticas, em exemplos selecionados, de instrumentos de propriedade industrial no setor de beneficiamento mineral brasileiro, especificamente da cadeia produtiva de rochas ornamentais. Em termos metodológicos, utilizou-se tanto dados secundários quanto primários. Como fonte primária de dados, utilizou-se a base do Instituto Nacional da Propriedade Industrial (INPI). Definiu-se quatro dimensões da propriedade industrial para realização das buscas: patente, desenho industrial, indicações geográficas e marcas. Como principal conclusão identificou-se que a utilização dos instrumentos de proteção está evidenciada, inclusive com a percepção de preocupação ambiental e reconhecimento do vínculo entre localização e atividade produtiva (caso das IGs). No entanto, o estudo não é suficiente para verificar a efetividade de cada instrumento como ferramenta de estímulo à inovação, à expansão da atividade e à valorização do produto. Nesse sentido, há a necessidade de estudos mais aprofundados, inclusive nos segmentos associados, como equipamentos e insumos.
Panorama do Desenvolvimento Biotecnológico de Espécies da Sociobiodiversidade: Byrsonima verbascifolia (L.) DC., Myrcia polyantha (Kunth) DC., Neomitranthes obtusa Sobral & Zambom e Psidium guineense Sw.
Authors: Silva Ana Cecília da Cruz , Calazans Crislaine Costa , Oliveira Débora Moreira de , Gomes Laura Jane
Published: December 2022

Os produtos florestais não madeireiros de espécies da sociobiodiversidade constituem um recurso importante para os povos e comunidades tradicionais. O objetivo deste estudo é analisar o panorama do conhecimento tecnológico sobre as espécies da sociobiodiversidade: Byrsonima verbascifolia (L.) DC., Myrcia polyantha (Kunth) DC., Neomitranthes obtusa Sobral & Zambom e Psidium guineense Sw. A prospecção foi realizada no Espacenet, INPI, Patentscope e USPTO pelo nome científico no título, resumo e descrição no documento. Foram encontrados 32 documentos: 27 para P. guineense, três para B. verbascifolia e um para M. polyantha e N. obtusa. Os resultados mostraram depósitos nos Estados Unidos (69%), Alemanha (9%), Espanha (6%), Brasil, China, França, Japão e Luxemburgo (3% cada). A área de desenvolvimento tecnológico predominante está relacionada com preparações para fins médicos. O panorama revela um baixo nível de proteção de produtos tecnológicos pelo Brasil. É fundamental que haja investimentos em desenvolvimento de tecnologias e proteção do conhecimento tradicional.
Prospecção Científica e Tecnológica Sobre Revestimentos Comestíveis de Polissacarídeos para Conservação de Alimentos
Authors: Lopes da Costa Beatriz , Oliveira Magnólia  Carneiro de , Silva Joselito  Brilhante
Published: December 2022

A indústria alimentícia apresenta interesse em tecnologias sustentáveis, como o uso de revestimentos biodegradáveis que possam ser aplicados na conservação de alimentos. Então, o presente estudo realizou uma prospecção sobre recobrimentos comestíveis obtidos de um biopolímero, consultando os seguintes bancos de dados: WIPO, INPI, Web of Science e Scopus. As expressões adicionadas na pesquisa foram “recobrimentos de amido”, “pectina”, “quitosana e gomas”, o termo selecionado foi “Edible Coating Chitosan”. Verificou-se que as patentes sobre os revestimentos comestíveis de quitosana são recentes, a China apresentou maior número de depósitos no WIPO, enquanto o Brasil apresentou produções de 2016 a 2020 no INPI. Nos bancos de dados dos artigos, o Brasil ficou em destaque com produções científicas, revelando seu potencial com mais de 90 estudos e participação de diversas instituições nacionais de pesquisa. Os resultados também possibilitaram uma visualização dos segmentos dos artigos, encontrando tendências para adição de óleos essenciais e extratos vegetais nos revestimentos de quitosana. Concluiu-se que esses recobrimentos possuem aplicações promissoras, consolidando uma temática atual e necessária para conservação de alimentos.
Prospecção de Patentes Sobre o Uso Fitoterápico da Bananeira (Musa Spp.) no Tratamento da Intolerância ao Glúten e da Doença Celíaca
Authors: Santos Nildislene Vitória da Silva , Gomes Keithy Makari Souto , Gondim Deyse Nazareth Marinho
Published: December 2022

O Brasil é reconhecido por sua ampla diversidade vegetal, em grande parte, possuindo capacidade fitoterápica. Entre os gêneros potencialmente farmacológicos, tem-se a Musa spp. que detém em seu fruto diversidade em vitaminas, minerais e proteínas, propriedades estas que se expandem para todas as partes da bananeira. Objetivou-se com este estudo realizar um apanhado de patentes que utilizem as propriedades da bananeira no tratamento de sintomas da intolerância ao glúten e da doença celíaca, para que surjam mais pesquisas e investimentos na área. Por meio da plataforma Patent Inspiration e aplicando os códigos CPC e IPC aos 319 resultados obtidos, os dados passaram por uma criteriosa análise para evidenciar a compatibilidade de cada patente com a presente pesquisa.  Finalmente, não se obteve nenhum resultado significativo, o único resultado relacionado, a patente BR102018077073A2, comprovando o uso da inflorescência da bananeira no tratamento de sintomas da intolerância ao glúten e da doença celíaca.
A Tecnologia Blockchain nos Tribunais de Contas do Brasil
Authors: Lebre Oscar Carlos das Neves , Andrade Ewerton Rodrigues , Miranda Márcio Rodrigues
Published: December 2022

O objetivo deste trabalho é verificar a existência de aplicações em desenvolvimento ou já implementadas que utilizem a tecnologia blockchain nos Tribunais de Contas do Brasil. O universo pesquisado corresponde às 33 unidades de controle externo brasileiras. A pesquisa é de natureza exploratória, descritiva e documental. Os resultados foram obtidos por meio de consultas nos sites dos Tribunais de Contas, utilizando-se o termo “blockchain”, completando-as por meio de abertura de demandas junto às respectivas ouvidorias. Constatou-se que (I) apenas o Tribunal de Contas do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (TCE-RJ) informou que desenvolveu e implementou um sistema com tecnologia blockchain para uso interno; (II) o Tribunal de Contas da União (TCU) realizou um levantamento do uso da tecnologia blockchain na Administração Pública Federal, que resultou no Acórdão n. 1613/2020-Plenário; e (III) os demais Tribunais de Contas não informaram o desenvolvimento de qualquer ação específica relacionada à tecnologia blockchain.
A insegurança do cistema como impasse para a criminalização da homotransfobia no Rio de Janeiro
Authors: Mello Germana , Guimarães Amaral de Sá Aryel Raphaela , De Oliveira Brustolini Iasmin , Lopes Costa Luis Felipe , Morais Moreira Marcos Vinícius
Published: December 2022

A criminalização da homotransfobia representa um avanço para a pauta LGBTI+, no entanto, a proteção de quem é vítima de tal violência ainda está limitada a certo perfil e ignora realidades sociais relevantes que inviabilizam a concretização de seus objetivos. A partir de dados de registro de ocorrência coletados pela Polícia Civil do Rio de Janeiro, do Instituto de Segurança Pública, do Rio Sem Homofobia e do Grupo Arco Íris, que foram sistematizados pela Aliança Nacional LGBTI, busca-se compreender algumas lacunas deixadas pela aplicação da lei que criminaliza o racismo e esses casos, assim como os impasses ainda existentes para a efetiva proteção de pessoas LGBTI+ por agentes públicos. Utiliza-se uma abordagem jurídico-sociológica a partir da teoria queer, decolonial e transfeminista.
PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Homotransfobia. Criminalização. Cistema.
“Destransição de gênero” como trânsito e errância:
Authors: Brito Carolina Franco , Juracy Filgueiras Toneli Maria , Manuel de Oliveira João
Published: December 2022

O presente artigo possui como tema central os processos que têm sido denominados de ‘destransição de gênero’. Propomos realizar, nesse texto, uma revisão teórica sobre o gênero em seus aspectos identitários ou como estados transitórios, buscando basear nossas discussões sobre a questão da ‘destransição’. Nossos debates giraram em torno de alguns pontos principais, envolvendo certas questões internas aos movimentos trans*, como a disputa pelo sujeito político. Ademais, abordamos outros pontos, como as normas de gênero e os movimentos de subversão delas e buscamos traçar um mapeamento dos estudos sobre a ‘destransição de gênero’ no Brasil. Nossa proposta é a de pensar o gênero como trânsito, entendendo certos processos como movimentos de errância corporal.
PALAVRAS-CHAVE: ‘Destransição de gênero’. Sujeito político. Trânsitos de gênero. Errância.
Subjetividades dissidentes e descolonização das imagens:
Authors: Araujo Ferreira da Silva Julia
Published: December 2022

Neste texto, busco levantar alguns questionamentos iniciais sobre uma nova cultura fílmica que vêm se desenvolvendo no Brasil. Entendendo como cultura fílmica todos os processos que geram os filmes e que exibem, selecionam, criticam e ensinam cinema, parto das ideias de cinema implicado, de Matheus Araujo dos Santos, e de nova cinefilia, de Girish Shambu, em diálogo com autoras e autores que têm pensado outros processos de produção cinematográfica e relações entre cinema e cultura, buscando estratégias para o reconhecimento e desmantelamento – ou subversões – das estruturas de poder coloniais racistas e cisheteronormativas. Comento, então, sobre os caminhos curatoriais escolhidos pela primeira edição da Mostra Ifé, realizada de forma virtual em abril de 2021.PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Cultura fílmica. Cinema implicado. Subjetividades dissidentes. Descolonização das imagens.
A única utopia possível é a utopia do cu:
Authors: Pombo Mariana , Brasil Jr. Antonio
Published: December 2022

Este artigo pretende aprofundar o diálogo entre as questões colocadas pelo filme Tatuagem, de Hilton Lacerda, e o debate contemporâneo sobre as mutações da diferença sexual proposto pela teoria queer. Em particular, sugerimos que o filme dispara reflexões relevantes para o tema da utopia anal e para a imaginação de novas formas de produção de saber e de relação entre corpos não domesticados pelo binarismo e pela heterossexualidade normativa.
PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Tatuagem. Gênero. Teoria queer. Utopia anal.
Financiamento e usos da caixa escolar nos jardins de infância de Brasília (1960-1970)
Authors: Souza Luz Alana , Tuchinski dos Anjos Juarez José
Published: December 2022

O artigo, de caráter historiográfico, tem por objetivo investigar o financiamento e os usos da Caixa Escolar nos Jardins de Infância de Brasília entre os anos de 1960 a 1970. Em termos metodológicos, elegeu-se como fonte o jornal Correio Braziliense, disponível na Hemeroteca Digital da Biblioteca Nacional do Rio de Janeiro, por meio da pesquisa com palavras-chave “caixa escolar” e “jardim de infância” a fim de delinear os contextos em que funcionaram os Jardins de Infância e as suas respectivas Caixas Escolares. Em relação ao financiamento, a pesquisa evidenciou que a Caixa Escolar era custeada tanto por eventos cuja renda era para ela revertida e nos quais a comunidade escolar tomava parte, quanto por contribuições periódicas e individuais feitas por pais de família. No que diz respeito aos usos da Caixa Escolar, foi observado que ela custeava necessidades das instituições que abarcavam aspectos como atendimento a crianças sem recursos, aquisição de materiais escolares e subsídio para compra de lanche ou merenda escolar. Numa situação polemizada pela imprensa, a Caixa Escolar também foi pensada como financiadora de uma festa de formatura em um Jardim de Infância da cidade.
Association Between the 2021 Heat Wave in Portland, Oregon, and Seattle, Washington, and Emergency Department Visits
Authors: Nori-Sarma Amruta , Milando Chad , Weinberger Kate R. , Hess Jeremy J. , Errett Nicole A. , Wellenius Gregory A.
Published: December 2022

This study used a health care claims data set of enrollees in commercial and Medicare Advantage insurance plans to assess the association between the June 2021 heat wave and the rates of emergency department visits in Portland, Oregon, and Seattle, Washington.
Overheating and energy use in urban office buildings in a warming climate
Authors: Morshed Tanvir , Mourshed Monjur
Published: December 2022

Buildings are responsible for one‐third of the UK's greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. The move to reduce emissions has resulted in recent stringent building regulations primarily aimed at reducing heating and associated energy use, often by improving the building fabric's airtightness. However, internal gains dominated, highly–insulated and airtight non‐domestic buildings will likely overheat in the projected warming climate, requiring energy‐intensive cooling, thus diminishing the effectiveness of heating efficiency focused regulations. This research investigated the effects of the warming climate on overheating and energy use and resulting emissions in representative urban office spaces in London in the present‐day and projected future climates using hourly dynamic thermal simulations. Findings suggest that airtight and highly–insulated office buildings in the temperate UK will overheat in the 2050s. Heating demand reduces by at least 36% in the 2050s but electricity consumption and summertime space conditioning will increase by at least 13% and 55% respectively when hybrid cooling is adopted to ameliorate overheating. Despite the increase, a mixed‐mode ventilation strategy is one of the ways of achieving overall energy efficiency while meeting benchmark overheating and emissions targets. Current heating‐focused legislation needs to be re‐evaluated to account for the effects of the warming climate and overheating risks.
Extensive listening practice using asynchronous messaging to develop adult English learners’ oral skills
Authors: Larrotta Clarena
Published: December 2022

Eighteen internationally trained professionals were paired‐up with nine English language instructors for this project. Even though the focus was on extensive listening practice, the learners created spoken messages to send a response to their instructors every week. The schedule and deadlines established helped participants to be organized and make time to practice their English oral skills. The project offered individualized practice, which was something the learners craved. Participation in the project was beneficial to beginner and advanced language learners as well as the instructors who had a chance to become creative and experience a new modality for teaching English.
Electrical Manipulation of Topological Phases in a Quantum Anomalous Hall Insulator
Authors: Chong Su Kong , Zhang Peng , Li Jie , Zhou Yinong , Wang Jingyuan , Zhang Huairuo , Davydov Albert V. , Eckberg Christopher , Deng Peng , Tai Lixuan , Xia Jing , Wu Ruqian , Wang Kang L.
Published: December 2022

Quantum anomalous Hall phases arising from the inverted band topology in magnetically doped topological insulators have emerged as an important subject of research for quantization at zero magnetic fields. Though necessary for practical implementation, sophisticated electrical control of molecular beam epitaxy (MBE)‐grown quantum anomalous Hall matter have been stymied by growth and fabrication challenges. Here, a novel procedure is demonstrated, employing a combination of thin‐film deposition and 2D material stacking techniques, to create dual‐gated devices of the MBE‐grown quantum anomalous Hall insulator, Cr‐doped (Bi,Sb)2Te3. In these devices, orthogonal control over the field‐induced charge density and the electric displacement field is demonstrated. A thorough examination of material responses to tuning along each control axis is presented, realizing magnetic property control along the former and a novel capability to manipulate the surface exchange gap along the latter. Through electrically addressing the exchange gap, the capabilities to either strengthen the quantum anomalous Hall state or suppress it entirely and drive a topological phase transition to a trivial state are demonstrated. The experimental result is explained using first principle theoretical calculations, and establishes a practical route for in situ control of quantum anomalous Hall states and topology.
A Flexible, High‐Voltage (>100 V) Generating Device Based on Zebra‐Like Asymmetrical Photovoltaic Cascade
Authors: Zheng Hongxian , Ou Cailing , Huang Xinxin , Jiang Baichuan , Li Wenbin , Li Jun , Han Xiao , Liu Chuanhui , Han Zixiao , Ji Tingyu , Samorì Paolo , Zhang Lei
Published: December 2022

The mutual conversion between light and electricity lies at the heart of optoelectronic and photonic applications. Maximization of the photoelectric conversion is a long‐term goal that can be pursued via the fabrication of devices with ad‐hoc architectures. In this framework, it is of utter importance to harvest and transform light irradiation into high electric potential in specific area for driving functional dielectrics that respond to pure electric field. Here, a nano‐fabrication technology has been devised featuring double self‐alignment that is applied to construct zebra‐like asymmetric heterojunction arrays. Such nanostructured composite, which covers a surface area of 5 × 4 mm2 and contains 500 periodic repeating units, is capable of photo generating voltages as high as 140 V on a flexible substrate. This approach represents a leap over the traditional functionalization process based on simply embedding materials into devices by demonstrating the disruptive potential of integrating oriented nanoscale device components into meta‐material.
Oxygen‐Insensitive Delayed Fluorescence Based on Singlet Manifold
Authors: Wu Yingnan , Zhao Yanliang , Hou Haoran , Hong Gaobo , Guo Yanhui , Zhang Ruiling , Chen Wenlong , Tian Jiarui , Lv Shibo , Wang Honglei , Wang Meishan , Wu Chenyu , Song Fengling
Published: December 2022

Delayed fluorescence molecules have important applications in time‐resolved luminescence imaging (including lifetime imaging) systems. However, existing approaches of generating delayed fluorescence in organic molecules rely on triplets as long‐lived intermediate states. As such, this triplet‐based delayed fluorescence can be severely plagued by its oxygen sensitivity. As the presence of oxygen or ambient air can hardly be avoided in living biosystems, oxygen‐insensitive delayed fluorescence is highly desirable. Herein, a new pathway is reported for oxygen‐insensitive delayed fluorescence which is produced only within the singlet manifold. Such an example is found in a cyto‐compatible and water‐soluble trimethine cyanine dye C3T‐H, which bears a very high molar extinction coefficient and a narrow‐band red emission. It is demonstrated that this dye exhibits notable delayed fluorescence which cannot be diminished by the presence of oxygen or ambient air. Time‐resolved imaging of living cells in the presence of oxygen is successfully achieved. Through quantum chemical calculations, a nonemissive dark‐state structure in the S1 state is found to be thermodynamically viable (energy barrier ≈8 kcal mol−1) through the molecular twisting around the trimethine bridge of C3T‐H, which serves as a “reservoir” of the excitation energy to enable the oxygen‐insensitive delayed fluorescence.
Impact of COVID‐19 on emergency medicine resident procedure performance
Authors: Bruno Tony W. , Janwadkar Rohan , Clayton Lisa M. , Hughes Patrick G. , Solano Joshua J. , Shih Richard D. , Bilello Leslie A. , Hughes Mary J. , Alter Scott M.
Published: December 2022

Background

As a result of the COVID‐19 pandemic, patterns of patient presentations and medical education have changed, potentially resulting in fewer and different types of patient encounters. Procedural proficiency is a cornerstone of emergency medicine (EM) training, and residents must meet Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) requirements to graduate. It is feared there may have been a pandemic‐induced decrease in opportunities for residents to perform procedures. This study investigates the change in procedures performed by EM residents during the initial year of the pandemic.

Methods

This study utilized a multicenter retrospective design. Across three EM residency programs, logs of 14 ACGME‐required procedures performed by residents were reviewed. For each procedure, counts were compared prepandemic year (March 2019 to February 2020) to during pandemic year (March 2020 to February 2021). Procedures were further grouped into 4‐month periods: March to June, July to October, and November to February.

Results

A total of 113 EM resident physicians were included in this study. Procedures performed by EM residents tended to decrease during the COVID‐19 pandemic. There were statistically significant decreases in number of annual cricothyrotomies (2.4 vs. 0.9, p < 0.001) and pediatric trauma resuscitations (5.7 vs. 3.9, p = 0.024). Comparing the first 4‐month periods of each year, there were significant decreases in cardiac pacing (6.3 vs. 5.4, p = 0.038), chest tubes (2.2 vs. 1.0, p < 0.001), cricothyrotomies (0.6 vs. 0.1, p = 0.001), intubations (8.2 vs. 4.4, p = 0.002), and pericardiocenteses (1.7 vs. 0.2, p < 0.001).

Conclusions

The COVID‐19 pandemic has led to a decrease in the number of procedures performed per EM resident in many of the domains required by the ACGME. Although only some procedures had statically significant decreases, it remains to be seen if this will lead to decreased resident procedural competency. Further research may be required in this area to determine any such effect.
The research escape hunt: An escape room–scavenger hunt for resident education
Authors: Fallon Timothy S. , Germann Carl A. , Anderson Robert S. , Strout Tania D.
Published: December 2022

Objectives

Research and evidence‐based medicine (EBM) education are important elements of emergency medicine (EM) residency training; however, curricular time is limited and integrating novel strategies to engage learners and improve understanding of complex concepts is challenging. We sought to develop a unique research escape hunt educational experience to teach EM residents basic research and EBM skills using an active‐learning, team‐based strategy.

Methods

A nine‐station escape room–scavenger hunt was designed around educational content including (1) predictive statistics and diagnostic test characteristics, (2) interpretation of data and statistical analysis, (3) study design, (4) informed consent for research, and (5) the ethical principles guiding research. Stations required participants to use a variety of strategies to solve puzzles, with a correct response required to progress through the escape hunt. Teams worked together to solve each station's puzzles, with opportunities to reinforce the content in real time. Subsequent sessions were presented in a virtual format using Zoom breakout rooms over the past 2 years.

Results

Postactivity assessments were grounded in Kirkpatrick's model and focused on participants' reactions, learning, and behavior. Participants reported high levels of satisfaction (100% [21/21] “satisfied” or “extremely satisfied”) and engagement (95% [20/21] “engaged” or “very engaged”) with the activity, as well as increased comfort with the research and EBM concepts covered (91% [19/21] “agree” or “strongly agree” increased comfort), and demonstrated improvements in knowledge across each content area presented (91% [19/21]).

Reflective Discussion

This practical, team‐based curriculum was found to be a successful way to engage residents with research methodology and EBM content. This curriculum is feasible for both in‐person and virtual formats and we will continue to use this as a component of our EM residency program moving forward.
Educator's blueprint: A how‐to guide for collecting validity evidence in survey‐ based research
Authors: Hill Jeffery , Ogle Kathleen , Gottlieb Michael , Santen Sally A. , Artino Anthony R.
Published: December 2022

Surveys are descriptive assessment tools. Like other assessment tools, the validity and reliability of the data obtained from surveys depend, in large part, on the rigor of the development process. Without validity evidence, data from surveys may lack meaning, leading to uncertainty as to how well the survey truly measures the intended constructs. In documenting the evidence for the validity of survey results and their intended use, it is incumbent on the survey creator to have a firm understanding of validity frameworks. Having an understanding of validity evidence and how each step in the survey development process can support the validity argument makes it easier for the researcher to develop, implement, and publish a high‐quality survey.
Improving estimates of growth for pearl perch (Glaucosoma scapulare) in Queensland, Australia
Authors: Campbell Matthew J. , McLennan Mark F. , Nicolson Jamie R. , Garland Anna , Prosser Robert M. , Midgley Ricky F.
Published: December 2022

The pearl perch (Glaucosoma scapulare) is endemic to the east coast of Australia in depths to 150 m. The species has a long history of exploitation, and the stock is currently depleted. Previous research indicated the species is long lived and slow growing based on fishery‐dependent sampling undertaken in the late 1990s and early 2000s on traditional fishing grounds at the southern end of the species’ range. Increasing fishing power has facilitated the expansion of the fishery to areas to the north and east of traditional grounds, which has resulted in the appearance of older fish (>10 yr) in fishery‐dependent samples not previously observed. The current study estimated the growth parameters using 1153 length‐at‐age observations from fish collected in Queensland between January 2020 and December 2021. The lack of significant numbers of individuals at either end of the age frequency distribution necessitated the estimation of growth in a Bayesian framework with informative priors for length‐at‐age‐zero and maximum length using a multi‐model approach. The von Bertalanffy growth function (VBGF) was found to best fit the observed length‐at‐age data and the estimated VBGF parameters were L∞ = 562 mm FL, L0 = 2.02 mm FL and k = 0.295 yr−1. The high proportion of older fish in samples, combined with prior information on relevant parameters, improves growth parameter estimation by reducing bias and facilitating improved model fits to observed length‐at‐age data.
Ganoderic Acid A targeting leucine‐rich repeat kinase 2 involved in Parkinson's disease–A computational study
Authors: Ahmad Faizan
Published: December 2022

Objective

This study aims to find the most promising Ganoderma lucidium targeting LRRK2 involved in PD.

Methods

First ADMET analysis was performed for five compounds followed by molecular docking of each compound. Then, we perform molecular dynamics simulation of all five compounds and finally MMGBSA of all five compounds.

Results

Based on molecular dynamics and MMGBSA result we reach the conclusion that Ganoderic Acid A (GAA) is the most promising compound targeting LRRK2. Therefore, GAA needs further validation through in vitro and in vivo studies.

Conclusion

Ganoderma lucidum exhibits cytotoxic, hepatoprotective, antioxidative, anticancer, and antinociceptive activities. This study predicted that Ganoderma lucidum could even be used to treat neurological disorders like PD. This study suggest that the best‐identified molecule against LRRK2 is GAA and it needs rigorous in vitro and in vivo validations.
Epigenetic alterations—The silent indicator for early aging and age‐associated health‐risks
Authors: Dhar Poulami , Moodithaya Shailaja S. , Patil Prakash
Published: December 2022

Aging is the process of gradual physiological deterioration till death and this process perpetually reduce the functionality of an individual. To address the rationale and provide geriatric care, the constant target of geroscience is to identify reliable biomarkers for aging. Over the past decades, diversified advancements in epigenetic studies crescively support the fact that the accumulation of epigenetic changes accompanies the process of aging. A growing number of studies have suggested that alterations occur through three fundamental mechanisms like methylation of DNA, histone protein modification, and production of non‐coding microRNAs. Each of these changes occurs silently and provokes alterations in the circumstantial expression of genetic material without altering the underlying gene sequences. The changes in gene expression due to epigenetic alterations are suggested to be the cause of early aging and the onset of age‐related health risks. This review would attempt to give an integrated overview of epigenetic changes related to aging and age‐associated health risks. This review also discussed epigenomes influencing early aging and factors modulating it. Since epigenetic changes are reversible, early identification of epigenetic markers can be a hope for future geriatric medicine. Finally, this review emphasizes the identification of blood‐based epigenetic biomarkers in order to enlighten the future scope for therapeutic intervention to slow down the aging process.
First case of desmosterolosis diagnosed by prenatal whole exome sequencing
Authors: Hill Chloe , Noureldein Mona , Karkhanis Pallavi , Kinning Esther , Vijay Suresh , Gowda Harsha
Published: December 2022

Desmosterolosis is a rare autosomal recessive disorder of cholesterol biosynthesis resulting in multiple congenital abnormalities and syndromic intellectual disability. It is caused by defects in DHCR24, the gene encoding 3‐β‐hydroxysterol‐24‐reductase (24‐dehydrocholesterol reductase), which acts in conversion of cholesterol precursor desmosterol, hence resulting in elevated plasma desmosterol levels. To date, desmosterolosis has been reported in 10 patients. Here we report an eleventh patient with desmosterolosis, and the first one to be diagnosed antenatally. Diagnosis was made on whole exome sequencing after amniocentesis due to complex antenatal abnormalities including cerebellar hypoplasia, microgyria, aortic stenosis, and renal tract abnormalities. Sterol quantitation was subsequently done postnatally, which supported the diagnosis. Although the nonspecific features make desmosterolosis difficult to suspect, we demonstrate that disorders of cholesterol synthesis can be considered as a differential diagnosis antenatally.
Evaluating individual biomarkers for predicting health risks in zoo‐housed chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) and bonobos (Pan paniscus)
Authors: Edes Ashley N. , Brown Janine L. , Edwards Katie L.
Published: December 2022

Although biomarkers are often used for predicting morbidity and mortality in humans, similar data are lacking in our closest relatives. This study analyzed 16 biomarkers in zoo‐housed chimpanzees and bonobos from serum samples collected during both routine and nonroutine veterinary immobilizations. Generalized linear and generalized linear mixed models were used to determine the efficacy of each biomarker to predict all‐cause morbidity, defined as the presence of at least one chronic condition, or cardiac disease as a subset of all‐cause morbidity. Cox proportional hazards models were used to examine associations between biomarkers and mortality risk from any cause. Analyses were conducted using two data sets for each species, one with all values retained (chimpanzees:n = 148; bonobos:n = 33) and the other from samples collected during routine immobilizations only (chimpanzees:n = 95; bonobos:n = 23). Consistent results across both data sets in chimpanzees included associations of higher cortisol with all‐cause morbidity risk, lower creatinine with cardiac disease risk, and higher creatinine with mortality risk, and in bonobos were increased cardiac disease risk with higher cortisol and lower dehydroepiandrosterone‐sulfate, fructosamine, and triglycerides. However, there were some inconsistencies between data sets, such as tumor necrosis factor‐α predicting mortality risk positively in chimpanzees when all values were retained, but negatively for routine values only. Despite the close evolutionary relationships between chimpanzees and bonobos, the only result observed in both species was a negative association between albumin and mortality risk in the all values retained data sets. Thus, data suggest some biomarkers may be useful predictors of future health outcomes, although a better understanding of both individual and species variation in biomarkers and their contribution to health risks is needed.
APOE missense variant R145C is associated with increased Alzheimer's disease risk in African ancestry individuals with the APOE 3/4 genotype
Authors: Guen Yann Le , Belloy Michael E , Eger Sarah J , Chen Annabel , Kennedy Gabriel , Thornton Timothy A , Farrer Lindsay A. , Napolioni Valerio , He Zihuai , Greicius Michael D
Published: December 2022

Background

The APOE gene has two common missense variants that greatly impact the risk of late‐onset Alzheimer's disease (AD). Here we examined the risk of a third APOE missense variant, R145C, that is rare in European‐Americans but common in African‐Americans and always in phase with APOEε3 (Table 1).

Method

We included 11,790 individuals of African ancestry (Table 2). The discovery sample was composed of next generation sequencing data (2,888 cases and 4,957 controls), and the replication was composed of imputed data (1,201 cases and 2,744 controls). In primary analyses, the AD risk associated with R145C was estimated using a linear‐mixed‐model regression on case‐control diagnosis. In secondary analyses, we estimated the influence of R145C on age‐at‐onset using linear‐mixed‐model regression, and risk of conversion to AD using competing risk regression.

Result

In ε3/ε4‐stratified meta‐analyses (Table 3), R145C carriers had a nearly three‐fold increased risk compared to non‐carriers (OR=2.75[1.84;4.11]; P=8.3x10‐7) and had a reported AD age‐at‐onset nearly 6 years younger (β=‐5.72[7.87;3.56]; P=2.0x10‐7). Competing risk regression showed that the cumulative incidence of AD grows faster with age in R145C carriers compared to non‐carriers (HR=2.42[1.81;3.25]; P=3.7x10‐9; Figure 1).

Conclusion

The R145C variant is a potent risk factor for AD among African ancestry individuals with the ε3/ε4 genotype. Our findings should enhance AD risk prediction in African ancestry individuals and help elucidate the mechanisms linking the apoE protein to AD pathogenesis. The findings add to the growing body of evidence demonstrating the importance of including ancestrally‐diverse populations in genetic studies.
Oxidative stress mediated neuroinflammation induced by chronic sleep restriction as triggers for Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: R.P. Parameswari , Ramesh Girish , Chidambaram Saravana Babu , Thangavelu Lakshmi
Published: December 2022

Background

Overactivation of brain renin angiotensin system (RAS) has shown to be associated with initiation and progression of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) through increased production of amyloid beta and oxidative stress resulting in cognitive impairment. Further, chronic sleep restriction (CSR) also shown to induce increased production of amyloid beta. Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors has been stated to possess beneficial effect against AD. However, the mechanisms still needs to be studied. In the present study we have investigated the effect of CSR on memory and biological functions in mice for better understanding of its effect in initiating AD and also the protective effect of ACEI, Captopril

Materials and Methods

Chronic sleep restriction was induced in C57BL/6J mice for 18 h continuously, with intermittent recovery for 6h using multiple platform method for 21 days. Captopril 20mg/kg b.wt. was administered for 21 days, 30 mins before subjecting the animals to CSR. Memory functions were assessed by novel object recognition test and radial arm maze. Oxidative stress markers and antioxidant enzymes were determined in the hippocampus. Protein levels of Aβ and tau protein and inflammatory markers in the hippocampus was done by immunoblot and ELISA. The ultrastructure of the hippocampus was observed.

Key Results

Mice chronically restricted of sleep demonstrated significant impairment in the memory function which was found to be significantly improved by captopril pre‐treatment. Further, CSR mice showed elevated level of oxidative stress marker, LPO with concomitant decrease in antioxidants viz., SOD, and GSH which was also restored by captopril. Captopril pre‐treatment has markedly reduced Aβ and tau protein levels with concomitant decrease in the levels of inflammatory markers. The ultrastructure of CSR mice showed shrunken nuclear membrane with abnormal mitochondria in CSR mice which was moderately restored by Captopril.

Conclusion

The present study showed impaired memory functions with increased incidence of oxidative stress in CSR mice which might act as a trigger for neuroinflammation. The present study data support the implication of oxidative stress and neuroinflammation in the onset and progression of Alzheimer’s disease. Further, the results of the present study also showed that captopril exert protective effect against Alzheimer’s disease by attenuating oxidative stress.