Selective Laser Trabeculoplasty After Medical Treatment for Glaucoma or Ocular Hypertension
Authors: Konstantakopoulou Evgenia , Gazzard Gus , Garway-Heath David , Adeleke Mariam , Ambler Gareth , Vickerstaff Victoria , Bunce Catey , Nathwani Neil , Barton Keith ,   LiGHT Trial Study Group, Bourne Rupert , Broadway David , Buszewicz Marta , Crabb David , Davis Amanda , Garg Anurag , Hornan Daniel , Hunter Rachael , Jayaram Hari , Jiang Yuzhen , Lim Sheng , Liput Joanna , Manners Timothy , Montesano Giovanni , Morris Stephen , Ometto Giovanni , Rubin Gary , Strouthidis Nicholas , Wilson Sarah , Wormald Richard , Wright David , Zhu Haogang 
Published: February 2025

Importance

Primary selective laser trabeculoplasty (SLT) is a safe primary treatment for open-angle glaucoma (OAG) and ocular hypertension (OHT). However, there is limited evidence on its use as a secondary treatment, ie, after prior use of ocular hypotensive eye drops.

Objective

To evaluate outcomes following SLT after using hypotensive eye drops for at least 3 years.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This is a post hoc exploratory analysis of data from a multicenter randomized clinical trial conducted within the UK National Health Service. Participants were patients with OAG or OHT who participated in the LiGHT trial. Data were analyzed from February 2021 to December 2024.

Intervention

Participants were initially randomized to either primary SLT or primary hypotensive eye drops and remained on the allocated treatment pathway for 3 years. Participants using eye drops were then allowed to have secondary SLT as a treatment switch (to reduce their medication load) or as a treatment escalation (if more intense treatment was needed). Participants were treated and monitored according to a predefined protocol.

Main Outcomes and Measures

The outcomes of interest were rates of incisional glaucoma surgery, medication use, and intraocular pressure.

Results

In total, 633 participants entered the extension of the LiGHT trial, and 524 participants (82.8%) completed the extension (72 months). Of 320 participants receiving primary hypotensive eye drops, 112 (35.0%) received SLT: 70 participants switched to SLT, 29 participants had SLT as a treatment escalation, and 13 participants had SLT as a treatment escalation in 1 eye and as a treatment switch in the other eye. Switching to SLT was associated with a reduction in the number of medications (mean [SD], 1.38 [0.62] to 0.59 [0.92] active ingredients; mean difference, 0.79 [95% CI 0.66 to 0.93] active ingredients; P &amp;lt; .001). At 72 months, 69 eyes that switched to SLT (60.5%) needed no medical or surgical treatment, and 62 eyes receiving 1 drug before switching (83.8%) needed no medical treatment. Escalating to SLT was associated with a mean intraocular pressure reduction of 4.6 mm Hg (21.8%), and 30 eyes (62.5%) reached target intraocular pressure at 72 months without the need for surgery; 9 eyes (18.7%) needed a trabeculectomy.

Conclusions and Relevance

This secondary analysis of a randomized clinical trial found that secondary SLT was associated with a reduction in the medication load for stable, medically treated eyes. For medically uncontrolled eyes, there is evidence that SLT could provide additional intraocular pressure control, but the need for trabeculectomy was not eliminated.

Trial Registration

isrctn.org Identifier: ISRCTN32038223