bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Depletion of the floodplain-channel complex of the river (Belaya river, Republic of Bashkortostan)
Authors: Nafikova Elvira , Alexandrov Dmitry , Platonova Anastasia , Gayanova Kamila , Chuvashaeva Kamilla
Published: March 2021

The article presents a comprehensive assessment of the geoecological risk of the Belaya River floodplain (Republic of Bashkortostan, Russia). The risk assessment of the floodplain-channel complex includes the risk of depletion by the plant species composition and the risk of depletion of the ecological and hydrological states. Geographic information maps of the floodplain were compiled for vegetation and floodplain forests and wetlands. The extent of forest cover was chosen as an indicator of the floodplain’s resilience to the risk of depletion and decline. The calculation of the risk of depletion of floodplains based on the ecological and hydrological state was carried out taking into account the changes in floodplain areas over the past 10 years, data on the catchment of ground and surface waters, “sealed” areas and the annual average discharge. The assessment and zoning of the river floodplain territory was carried out according to the proposed method.
Applying 25% of cypermethrine against ectoparasites
Authors: Mavlanov S. , Gaipova M. , Askarkhodjaev S. , Kholov S.H. , Irgashev U. , Toshpulatov C.H.
Published: March 2021

Recently, tangible results have been achieved in veterinary medicine in the use of biological methods for combating zoophilic insects and ectoparasites, and the use of microbiological and pyrethroid preparations with a plant base. Zoophilic insects and mites as ecto- and endoparasites parasitize on the body of animals and humans cause infestation, that is, parasitosis (entomoses and acarosis), as a result of which the milk productivity of cattle decreases to 30-40 percent, meat productivity annually decreases by 10-12 kilograms, and also negatively affect the growth and development of young animals and lead to death.
Influence of sowing methods on biometric indicators of domestic and international rice varieties
Authors: Tellyaev R. , Ergashev M. , Kodirov B. , Kholboev A.
Published: March 2021

This article presents the results of a study on the introduction of South Korean rice varieties, the influence of transplanting methods on the biometric indicators of local and foreign varieties, as well as the selection of varieties adapted for transplanting method using mechanization.
Effectiveness of lightning pheromone application against mulberry Glyphodes pylaialis W.
Authors: Nosirova Z. , Tojieva M.
Published: March 2021

An analysis of the results of experiments to determine the effectiveness of the use of illuminated pheromone catchers in the fight against mulberry moth was presented. The experiments used pheromone handles impregnated with antioxidant pheromone material and placed on a lamp based on 2 light-emitting diodes operating in the ultraviolet radiation range of 365-370 nm. According to the analysis of the results, it was observed that mulberry moths caught on illuminated pheromone traps were 2.15 times more than non-illuminated catches, and the number of moths caught at night was about 1.75 times higher than the number of moths caught daytime.
Secondary plant metabolites as promising pesticides for increasing crop yields
Authors: Zakirov Salokhiddin , Atamirzaev Nodirbek , Mukhidova Zulfiya , Ziyaev Rikhsivoy
Published: March 2021

This article presents the results of biological tests in rice growing, cotton growing, sericulture, as well as against termites of insecticidal, mutagenic and growth activity of a number of ecologically safe effective plant terpenoids.
Main pests of the elm (Ulmaceae) tree and their bioecological characteristics
Authors: Sulaymonov Botirjon , Yakubov Farrukh , Anorbaev Azimjan
Published: March 2021

This paper defines the types of elm trees pests in the Khorezm province in Uzbekistan, carries out their systematic analysis, and also determines the degree of their occurrence, as well as their natural types of enemies. The main phytophagous pests of elm trees in the Khorezm province belong to 4 genera and 14 species from 8 families. The vast majority of these pest species have been identified as Coleoptera pests. Pests were found to be mainly species that infect the body part of elm trees. In addition, 10 species of wild and parasitic entomophagous species have been identified as natural enemies. These species are phytophagous during the growing season and are important in managing their quantity.
System of indicators for monitoring specially protected natural areas
Authors: Okmyanskaya Valentina , Bogdanova Olga
Published: March 2021

In the context of the aggravation of environmental problems, in particular those related to the use of forest resources, mineral and fuel and energy resources, the violation and degradation of natural ecosystems in large areas, it became necessary to preserve unique areas of the earth’s surface. Monitoring of protected areas is an effective tool for maintaining unique natural complexes in a high-quality condition, reducing the level of degradation of the components of the natural environment. Currently, specially protected natural areas of the Tyumen region are experiencing high anthropogenic loads associated with industrial, tourism, and investment activities. To develop a methodology for monitoring the lands of unique natural complexes and objects of the Tyumen region, the main factors that have a negative impact on natural complexes are identified.
Technology for creating electronic soil maps based on archival materials for land management engineering
Authors: Garmanov Vitaly , Osipov Aleksey , Bogdanov Vladimir , Pavlova Viktoriia , Uvarova Ekaterina , Zavarin Boris , Efimova Galina , Terleev Vitaly , Nikonorov Aleksandr
Published: March 2021

The article considers the structural and logical scheme of the methodology for creating electronic soil maps for land management engineering based on analog archival cartographic materials. The proposed scheme includes seven blocks: 1) building frames for 1:50,000 scale topographic map sheets in the geoinformation environment “Map 2011”; 2) scanning analog topographic maps with a scale of 1:50000; 3) binding a bitmap images of topographic maps to the sheet frames and cropping the frame image; 4) converting data from the GIS “Map 2011” to the GIS “MapInfo”; 5) scanning of archive analogue 1:10,000 scale soil maps and their binding to electronic 1:50000 topographic map in GIS “MapInfo”; 6) defining precision of referencing the raster 1:10,000 scale soil map to topographic 1:50,000 scale map; 7) bitmap image vectorization of a 1:10000 scale soil map in the GIS “MapInfo”. The content of methodology’s each block is disclosed. The developed methodology can be used for cartographic support of land management engineering and territorial planning.
Development of the agricultural sector and its importance in Uzbekistan
Authors: Eshov Mansur , Amirov Lochinbek , Askarova Mavluda
Published: March 2021

The purpose of the study is to analyze the future prospective development of the agricultural sector of the Republic of Uzbekistan, in the context of the current pandemic. The study of this topic is of particular interest, since the pandemic around the world includes all spheres of the field of life. The pandemic negatively affected the development of the agricultural sector, which led to a recession. In this regard, the authors of this study tried to study the current state and consequences of the impact of the pandemic, and make appropriate recommendations. In the course of writing the work, the land rights of farmers, the food market, the level of modernization of agro-industrial production were studied. A theoretical method of analysis is used, data for the last 5 years, from 2015 to the present, are analyzed. The data characterizing the agrarian state of the Republic are grouped by regions and by branches of agriculture. With the help of deduction methods, proposals were made to improve the state of the agrarian sector. The study identified measures to further strengthen food security not only in the country, but throughout the world. The decisive factor should be the national agriculture strategy of the Republic of Uzbekistan for 2019-2030, which will contribute to the implementation of the proposed measures to ensure the well-being of the population.
Immersion of grains in a liquid along an inclined plane
Authors: Saitov Viktor , Farafonov Vyacheslav , Saitov Aleksey , Gataullin Rinat
Published: March 2021

Grain material delivered from combine harvesters to post-harvest processing points is a mixture of grain, weed and harmful impurities. Toxic ergot sclerotia are among the harmful impurities. Modern grain cleaning machines do not provide the separation of toxic ergot from grain material in one technological process. This is due to the closeness of the most toxic of ergot sclerotia and the of the grain. Ergot sclerotia are less dense than grain. Then the release of ergot from grain in one technological process is possible in an aqueous solution of salt. To develop a device for cleaning grain material by density in a liquid, practical experiments were carried out to supply grains of winter rye varieties Falenskaya 4 with a moisture content of 14% to an inclined plate placed in water. This plate mimicked the sloping bottom of an ergot seed separator. The statistical results of the experiments are presented by the distributions of the proportion of immersion of winter rye grains in water (ρzh = 1000 kg/m3) over the surface of the inclined plate from the angle α of its inclination to the horizon. It has been established that 100% immersion of the grains in water occurs at an angle of inclination of the plate of 60°. When developing a machine for the extraction of ergot from rye grain, the angle of inclination of the bath bottom must be taken at least 65° to the horizon for guaranteed immersion of grains in an aqueous solution of salt.
Application of wavelets and conformal reflections to finding optimal scheme of fiber placement at 3d printing constructions from composition materials
Authors: Bityukov Yuri , Deniskin Yuri , Deniskina Galina , Pocebneva Irina
Published: March 2021

The article is devoted to finding the optimal schemes of fiber placement at the production of constructions, reinforced with continuous fibers by 3D printing method. As the optimization of the objective function one of the criteria for the destruction of the composite was chosen. For the process acceleration of multiple solution of the system of partial differential equations describing the stress-strain state of the structure, a computational algorithm based on wavelets built through subdivision schemes is proposed. To set the local coordinate system, it is proposed to use analytical functions, which will be constructed using the well-known Dini and Cisotti formulas, just by specifying the direction of laying the fiber at the product boundary. The article also presents a lifting scheme (lifting scheme) allowing to construct biorthogonal wavelet systems with specified properties using some initial biorthogonal wavelet systems with filters.
Model studies of flow parameters in the area of bridge supports
Authors: Gladkov Gennady , Morgunov Konstantin , Ivanovsky Yuri
Published: March 2021

The results of laboratory modeling of the influence of the bridge crossing supports erected during the construction of the highway near the existing railway bridge on the flow characteristics in the channel of the Neva River are presented. Modeling was carried out for two options for the location of the new bridge supports relative to the existing bridge structures. The limits of changes in the characteristics of the river flow are taken into account - the maximum, minimum and residual flows and benchmarks of the water level in the channel. Studies have shown that the construction of the designed bridge supports in the channel does not cause significant changes in the flow structure. There is a redistribution of the flow rate in the sections of the existing and designed bridges. The average velocities in the navigable span of the existing bridge are somewhat reduced when new supports are built. The velocity diagram is aligned along the width of the central and side spans, and a vortex wake is more clearly formed in the area behind the supports.
Test water areas for testing technical means of unmanned water transport. The main directions of patenting the results of research and development
Authors: Karetnikov Vladimir , Shakhnov Sergey , Ivanova Aleksandra
Published: March 2021

The test water area is designed for testing, monitoring and navigation of unmanned surface vessel, both in offline mode and in remote control mode. The paper presents the results of the analysis of the thematic search for security documents (applications, patents for inventions and utility models, certificates for computer programs) in the field of testing of technical means of unmanned water transport. There are six groups of patents in this area: test water area; experimental (test) basin; method (technique) of the test (system, complex for tests); test device; test program; remote control (management, monitoring) of the vessel. The distribution of patent documents by type, years, and countries is presented. It was found that almost half of the selected patent documents are applications for inventions, and in 2017-2018, the largest number of protection documents were registered. It is revealed that the Republic of Korea patents the most inventions in this field of research and development, Chinese organizations take the lead in applications for inventions, and Russia mainly registers computer programs. The overall leadership in the development of technical means for the control, management and monitoring, as well as testing of unmanned surface vessels belongs to China. China actively patents its developments in such areas as “test methods” and “remote control, management and monitoring of an unmanned surface vessel”. Russia is a leader in the following areas: “programs for test water areas and experimental basins” and “programs for testing unmanned surface vessels”. The Republic of Korea is a leader in the field of “devices for testing unmanned surface vessels”.
Estimation of optical speed measurement error for traffic monitoring systems
Authors: Khutornoi Iaroslav
Published: March 2021

This article is devoted to the problem of accurate vehicle speed measurement from video images. The analysis of existing methods of optical speed measurement is carried out, and the need to estimate the measurement error is justified. An idealized mathematical model of speed measurement based on binding to the size of the license plate is studied and the influence of various factors on the measurement accuracy is shown: the influence of the intrinsic and extrinsic camera parameters, the influence of license plate size in images, influence of data averaging. A comparison of the obtained results with the accuracy of widely used in practice radar technologies is shown.
Application of ethylene glycol in ventilation systems with variable air flow
Authors: Shichkin Vitaly , Zherlykina Maria , Sheps Roman , Yaremenko Sergey
Published: March 2021

The relevance of the use of ethylene glycol as an intermediate heat carrier in the ventilation system during the treatment of supply air is justified. A description of the operation scheme of a cooling system with an intermediate heat carrier at a variable supply air flow rate is presented. On the Id-diagram of the state of the humid air, the construction of air treatment processes in the central air conditioner for all purposes of the transformed room is performed. The authors have established the need for cooling and dehumidification of the supply air in all operating modes. In order to determine the maximum possible load on the elements of the building’s air conditioning system, the type of room with the highest supply air consumption was selected and the air treatment process was constructed on an Id diagram at different outdoor temperatures. A method for calculating the parameters of the cooling medium is developed and graphs are constructed that allow us to establish the relationship between the parameters of the heat exchange equipment and the purpose of the room. The regularities in the change of the parameters of the heat and cold carrier when regulating the operation of the system depending on the change in the load on it are revealed. The operating ranges of the proposed scheme of air treatment with an intermediate heat carrier in the warm period of the year with variable flow rate of the treated air and various parameters of the outdoor air are given. Based on this, the possibility of creating an algorithm for automating the ventilation system adapted for buildings of cultural and entertainment purposes is justified.
Non-visual platform components for a system of polyvariant calculation of dynamic models of the production process
Authors: Medvedev Sergey , Terleev Vitaly , Vasilyeva Olga
Published: March 2021

Production process models have been used for many years in decision support systems in agriculture. They allow solving the problems of forecasting the yield, operational support, integration with GIS, calculating pedotransfer functions, etc. A high-performance, efficient platform has been developed to create powerful yet lightweight applications for a wide range of tasks. These tasks were solved in the RW.Ring platform, which was developed specifically for the new version of the APEX polyvariant calculation system instead of the outdated kernel of the old system, which contained many non-optimal solutions that impede the effective development of the system. While the new version of the polyvariant calculation system itself is currently under development, the platform itself already contains debugged working modules and can be used for a large number of similar applications.The platform’s performance is confirmed by the successful development of the Schicksal statistical analysis program. In the future, the platform will develop in parallel with the new version of the APEX polyvariant analysis system, as well as other programs based on it. The RW.Ring platform can be recommended as a set of standard libraries designed for building any shells for a large number of models.
Development of energy companies in a digital environment, taking into account business risk factors
Authors: Kazmina Irina , Rodionova Valentina , Shchegoleva Tatiana , Muratova Olga , Sudakov and Oleg
Published: March 2021

The paper deals with the development of energy companies, taking into account business risk factors. It has been established that the identification and assessment of business risk factors makes it possible to identify areas of development on which it is advisable to focus the available management resources of energy companies. The paper discusses the assessment of business risks in the framework of design work, which play a key role in the implementation of development programs for individual functional subsystems of energy companies. The presented descriptive model of the formation of the reaction of the management of a high-tech enterprise to the occurrence of risk is based on the subject’s ideas about risk. At the same time, it was determined that the line between acceptable and unacceptable for the enterprise level of risk in the implementation of priority areas of development in different periods of the enterprise’s life cycle is different. The identification of business risk factors results in a list of risk factors for energy companies, which is presented in the paper by two groups reflecting internal and external factors. Risk identification is carried out in accordance with the process of detecting and establishing temporal, quantitative and spatial characteristics that are necessary and sufficient for the development of preventive and operational measures aimed at ensuring the effective implementation of the risk management process.
Impact of improving the regulatory legal framework on the energy efficiency strategy of the fuel and energy complex
Authors: Smorodina Elena , Belyantseva Oksana , Revunova Svetlana , Bolgov Vladimir
Published: March 2021

The paper provides an overview of the main regulatory framework governing public relations in the energy sector. The fuel and energy complex is of great importance for the economy and development of Russia, but full use is impossible until a solution to the problem of improving the regulatory legal framework is achieved. The adoption of the Energy Strategy is aimed at solving the listed problems. The main provisions of regulatory legal acts are analyzed. The tasks of improving the legislative framework can be achieved through unification. The scientific research used the method of comparative analysis. This paper examines and analyzes the legislation applied in the energy sector, the concept of energy legislation, energy efficiency, the fuel and energy complex, the problems of developing and adopting the Energy Code of the Russian Federation. The urgency of improving the regulatory legal support for the energy efficiency of the fuel and energy complex is formulated. The main problems and the need for the adoption of regulations in the energy sector are identified.
Assessment of the environmental organization development strategy
Authors: Petrova Elena , Petrov Igor , Shivrina Tatyana , Narezhnaya Tamara
Published: March 2021

Assessment of feasibility of applying the chosen organization development strategy should be based on assessment of its effectiveness. The proposed methods for assessing the development strategy provide for defining indexes that, in accordance with set strategic goals, should take into account an entire set of target strategic indexes. The methodology consists in calculating integral indexes characterizing achievement of set strategic goals. As such indexes, which take into account key strategic parameters, estimated development indexes and assessments of the organization sustainable development potential are proposed. These indexes should be used as an indicator of the development strategy and achievement of strategic goals.
Effectiveness of integration transactions of companies in the environmental sector
Authors: Aleksandrov Igor , Fedorova Marina , Parshukov Aleksey
Published: March 2021

This article is aimed at improving the processes of evaluation by enterprises of the agro-industrial complex of planned decisions on acquisitions and mergers. The work is based on the analysis of integration evaluation problems, known approaches to their solution, and the development of the conceptual framework for evaluating these transactions. The article offers a method developed by the authors to assess the effectiveness of merger processes. The proposed method for evaluating mergers is developed on the basis of assessing the change in the company’s potential after the merger. The assessment of potential changes resulting from the implementation of integration projects will allow assessing the economic impact of merger options, taking into account the environmental consequences for the territory. The proposed method is aimed at more accurate accounting of changes in the intangible assets of the combined company as a result of integration. Rationalizing the evaluation of the effectiveness of mergers will allow the owners of the evaluated companies to improve the quality of preparation of integration transactions and reduce the risks of making inefficient decisions.
Socio-economic model of sustainable development
Authors: Rublev Gennady , Bogdanova Lyudmila , Kurbatova Svetlana , Krasnousov Sergey , Kolmakov Vladimir
Published: March 2021

The article considers the socio-economic model of sustainable development. The study analyzes the conceptual and theoretical foundations of the political, social, economic, spiritual, environmental, scientific, technical and information stability of the state and development of the socioeconomic system. The definition of the concept of the “sustainable state and development” was given, the structural model of the stability of the socioeconomic system was developed. The characteristics of the varieties of the sustainable state and development were defined. The prerequisites for further development of the theoretical foundations of the sustainable development of the socio-economic system were determined.
Running event quality: conceptualization and measurement scale
Authors: Simasathiansophon Nalin
Published: March 2021

This paper aims to develop event quality measurement scale in running event context. This particular type of track event became more popular in many countries in recent years. The Big Five destinations of running events: Berlin, Boston, Chicago, London, and New York are among those final destinations of runners around the world. To attract these runners, quality of the event would be the key success factor. For this paper, the measurement scale has been divided into three dimensions: physical environment, staff attitude and experience of runner after participating in the running event. Samples has been selected using, first, cluster sampling method according to the running event organized in Bangkok during March 2019. The Ultra Park Run Thailand 100 was selected due to the number of participants, approximately 5,000 runners, and it was the only big running event during that time. Second, 109 runners who participated in running events has been selected using simple random sampling method. There are 18 items for this measurement scale. The result of exploratory factor analysis illustrated that all items have factor loading more than 0.4 exempt one item, st-att5 has factor loading close to 0.4 with communalities is 0.268, thus it is deleted during this stage. Furthermore, result of reliability coefficient test shows that all dimensions have Cronbach’s a higher than 0.7. The alpha coefficient for physical environment dimension was 0.868, staff attitude was 0.821, and experience was 0.771. Therefore, all items are correlate to each other and it is sufficient to explain the running event quality construct.
Project team acquiring based on digital footprint
Authors: Ganebnykh Elena , Fokina Olga , Lunyakov Mikhail , Milchik Irina
Published: March 2021

Project management issues are closely related to a team acquiring. Traditionally considered factors are the level of experience, interest level, personal qualification, availability, and knowledge - do not take into account the interaction of team members. In this regard, the increased conflictogenic situation may complicates communication in the project and reduces its effectiveness. The proposed methodology analyzes the digital footprint of candidates who are the potential project team members in an intracorporate messenger. The analyzed elements are words nominating emotions, words describing emotions and emotive means (emoji, punctuation marks, Caps Lock symbols). Based on the analysis of the digital footprint, the diagnostics of the expected and avoidable characteristics of team members is carried out, a homogeneous environment is formed based on the median indicators. Selected project team members must correspond to discovered indicators or have minimal deviations. This technique can also be adapted for recruiting members into an already established team. Diagnostics must be done in a similar way, the group-specific characteristic must be identified, and suitable candidates should not deviate from the median value by more than 1 point. Thus, there is no model of an “ideal” team, since it is formed in the format of an ideal combination of existing members.
A systematic approach to modeling sustainable production and economic activities of transport organizations
Authors: Drozdov Nikita , Kuzina Elena , Vasilenko Marina , Tagiltseva Julia , Galkin Vyacheslav , Prokopchuk Vladimir , Korenyakina Natalia , Laponogova Anastasia
Published: March 2021

Business decisions, transport organizations are guide by the principles of maximizing economic efficiency, reducing costs, and corporate social responsibility. Nevertheless, in the production and economic activities of transport enterprises, there are non-productive costs associated with their environmental activities: payment for excess and permissible pollution, costs of eliminating the consequences, accumulated damage, etc. To minimize this type of costs, it is propose to build a model of the activity of transport organizations from the standpoint of a systematic approach, which includes production processes, elements of production processes, management functions, and components of transport impact and aspects of corporate and social liability. The developed model can find its application in planning organizational and technical measures during their formation. The article presents information on unproductive excess costs of the transport industry of the Russian Federation in the period 2013-2016 y.o. The components of transport impact in transport organizations are considered. A model of production and economic activity of transport organizations from the standpoint of a systematic approach is proposed.
Company’s management in case of emergency and ecological disaster
Authors: Savelieva Ekaterina , Danilina Marina , Kostromina Elena , Kondrashov Ivan , Blekus Vadim , Golikova Yulia
Published: March 2021

Emergency is the violation of normal living conditions and activities of people at the facility and a certain territory that arose as a result of an accident, catastrophe, natural disaster, epidemic, as well as the use of modern weapons by the enemy, which led to human casualties, damage to health and the environment, material losses. This article discusses the management of the work of enterprises and organizations in emergency, problems associated with natural emergencies (natural disasters). Emergency management involves the creation of a system consisting of a number of subsystems. The authors analyse the possible ways of solution the problem of the company’s management in emergency.
Transformation of indigenous peoples’ Ecological conciousness
Authors: Shostak Oksana , Drotianko Liubov , Bazova Vira
Published: March 2021

The world of Indigenous ecological reality has a spatial and temporal structure. The need for a favorable natural environment, sufficient natural resources’ quantity and quality, as well as env ironmental security has been permanently present in autochtonous existence. Researchers of North American and Siberian indigenous peoples’ ecological identity agree that of the two criteria, spatial structure plays more important role than temporal. The indigenous peoples’ spatial identity is linked to their deep conviction that everything in the world “stops” periodically, so if you pray in the right locality, where higher powers are most likely to stop at that very moment, prayer would be heard. Thus the feeling of attachment to ethnic homeland is crucial in the process of creating an ethnic niche. Most of the Indigenous people believe that their nations were created at the territory they live now, so this locus is the center of the universe for them. The past and the future are understood by the natives at the level of physical perceptible sound, visual, tactile and sensory sensations, thus the concept of the sacred landscape is formed, and each nation has its own notion of it. Indigenous writers sometimes shift temporal-spatial layers, superimposing chronotopic planes, suspending astronomical time, thus destroying the boundaries of the real world and at the same time creating fascinating spaces that are an important part of the indigenous spatial identity. Thus, spatiality functions in fictional texts as a stylistic device designed to express the opposition of different worlds.
Improving the algorithm of organization and tactics in conducting separate investigative actions in the field of ecology
Authors: Nazarkin Evgeniy , Suleymanov Talat , Truntsevsky Yuri , Osokin Roman
Published: March 2021

Studying the elements of organization algorithm and tactics in conducting separate investigative actions during crime detection in the computer information area, such as incident site inspection, assignin g criminalistic expertise and using the records of the criminalistic registration system of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia. In the process of studying the problem under consideration, the following general and particular methods of scientific cognition of real and objective reality were used: dialectical, logical-legal, statistical, system analysis and specific socio-professional research methods. The authors analyzed, summarized and synthesized the problems in preparing and conducting inspection of the incident site in cases of crimes committed using computer technologies. Characteristic features, main directions and possibilities to identify traces during the inspection, and, accordingly, the purpose based on the inspection results and other investigative actions, certain recommended types of court expertise were examined. Study of possibilities to use record keeping arrays of the criminalistic registration system of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia in the course of work with traces and objects obtained was carried out. The authors studied the problems of organization and tactics in conducting investigatory inspection, appointment of court expertise, using the records of the criminalistic registration system of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia in the course of investigating crimes in the computer information area; ways were suggested to improve preparation and conduct these actions indicating the elements that increase efficiency of this investigation algorithm in the considered category of crimes.
International legal standards of advocacy in Russian environmental legislation
Authors: Kvach Irina
Published: March 2021

The article deals with conceptual questions of the role and place that international standards of advocacy take in the system of sources of advocacy in Russia. The author, relying on the decisions of the Plenum of the Supreme Court of Russian Federation, points out the priority importance of international standards and rules in matters of legal regulation of legal proceedings. Considering a significant array of international documents adopted within the framework of international organizations, including the Council of Europe, the author singles out those containing international standards of advocacy. The study of Russian national legislation through the prism of international standards of advocacy makes it possible to conclude that, as a result of prolonged legal reforms, the main fundamental provisions of national legislation have been brought into line with the requirements of international standards, but work in this direction has not yet been over. As a result, the author points out the conceptual role of international treaties as sources of advocacy. The findings became the basis for further author’s research of international standards, as a legal basis for the regulation of advocacy to protect the rights and freedoms of indigenous peoples of the north in the development of oil and gas fields on their ancestral lands.
Impact of violation of construction and environmental norms of correctional institutions on the organization of the imprisonment regime
Authors: Karavaev Ivan , Kotlyar Vladimir , Antipov Andrey , Ilyinova Ekaterina
Published: March 2021

Imprisonment is the most commonly used criminal punishment in the world. In all countries, there are specialized institutions for the maintenance of those sentenced to this punishment. In Russia they are called correctional institutions. By isolating persons who have committed crimes from the outside world, these institutions perform several tasks at once, ensuring: 1) constant monitoring of convicts; 2) access control; 3) control over the movement of convicts; 4) checking their presence; 5) carrying out activities aimed at detecting prohibited items. All these tasks are aimed at achieving a global goal - maintaining the established regime for execution of sentences in form of imprisonment. The article deals with regulation of design, construction and equipment of correctional institutions by Russian legislation. The authors analyze the norms in force in Russia in this area, highlight strengths and weaknesses, and determine the degree of influence of possible violations in design, construction and equipment on the regime of punishment execution. The actual double subordination is established in solving the current problem. On the one hand, the department executing preliminary conclusion, on the other, the department organizing and controlling process of designing and building institutions executing a preventive measure. Such inconsistency creates problems in practical application of provisions of existing norms, leads to errors and, as a result, to inadequate isolation of convicts from the outside world.
Ultrafine grain recrystallisation of a metastable-β Ti-alloy via conventional thermomechanical processing
Authors: Edwards A.J. , Vermaut P. , Guillot I. , Prima F.
Published: March 2021

Alloys with ultrafine grains (UFG) offer high strength potentially combined with ductility. Until now, producing ultrafine grains in ingot alloys has required either severe plastic deformation techniques or flash annealing, neither of which are scalable to bulk alloy production. In this work, we formed submicronic grains in the metastable β titanium alloy Ti-20Nb-6Zr (at%), using conventional cold rolling and annealing at 823K in a conventional furnace. The cold rolling (298K) transformed the β structure mostly to α” martensite, but if the rolling temperature was raised to 453K, martensite formation was supressed, and no grain refinement occurred during the subsequent similar annealing treatment. Therefore, we attribute the formation of ultrafine grains to a mechanism involving stress-induced martensite and its reverse transformation.
Evaluation of Neonatal Acute Metabolic Crisis in Maple Syrup Urine Disease with MR Diffusion and MR Spectroscopy: Case Series and Review of the Literature
Authors: Chavan Rajendra , Kadam Sandeep , Bhalke Amit , Choudhary Sohan Lal , Patil Pushpak
Published: March 2021

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings of acute metabolic crisis in maple syrup urine disease (MSUD) in neonates were reviewed. This case cohort study included six MSUD neonates imaged during acute metabolic decompensation. Specific diffusion imaging and proton spectroscopic findings were reviewed. All patients revealed extensive intramyelinic cytotoxic edema typically involving myelinated white matter structures. Brainstem, cerebellar white matter and peduncles, midbrain, posterior limbs of internal capsules, central portions of periventricular, and perirolandic white matter regions showed typical MSUD edema. Gray matter structures such as dentate nucleus and thalamus were involved in all patients. Involvement of other deep nuclei was also noted in a few patients. None of the patients showed involvement of the superficial cortex. Reduction in N-acetyl aspartate, a prominent lactate peak, and a peak representing methyl groups of amino acids were characteristic findings seen on intermediate short echo time MR spectroscopy. Our case series outlines the importance of diffusion and spectroscopy MR techniques in the diagnosis of acute neonatal MSUD metabolic crisis.
Study on the emitter infiltration of needle-capillary ionic liquid electrospray thruster
Authors: Xue Senwen , Duan Li , Kang Qi
Published: March 2021

This article proposes a new emitter structure of needle-capillary ionic liquid electrospray thruster and carries out numerical simulation and theoretical analysis to discover the emitter infiltration effect under the conditions of no liquid supply and liquid supply. Emitter physical dimensions L, d, θ, β and the contact angles α, γ between the ionic fluid and the structure jointly determine the configuration of the meniscus. By analyzing the influence of various variables on the infiltration, a complete emitter infiltration law of needle-capillary ionic liquid electrospray thruster is summarized. In addition, the phenomena of infiltration relaxation and periodical infiltration oscillation are found in the numerical simulation under the condition of liquid supply, which provide an important basis for the optimization of the emitter structure. Considering Bond number ≪ 10−2 and working in a space environment, the liquid is mainly affected by surface tension and viscous force. Meanwhile, the meniscus formed by the ionic fluid satisfies the requirement that it has rotational axis symmetry and constant mean curvature surface, thereby obtaining the mathematical analytical expression of the quasi-static meniscus, the Delaunay surface. The numerical simulation results and analytical solutions are fitted, and an excellent consistency is obtained with an extremely small fitting deviation. Besides, the classification inferences of the type of Delaunay surface to which the meniscus belongs to are explored.
Numerical investigation of the maximum thermoelectric efficiency
Authors: Limelette Patrice
Published: March 2021

The maximum thermoelectric efficiency that is given by the so-called dimensionless figure of merit ZT is investigated here numerically for various energy dependence. By involving the electrical conductivity σ, the thermopower α, and the thermal conductivity κ such that ZT = α2 × σ × T/κ, the figure of merit is computed in the frame of a semiclassical approach that implies Fermi integrals. This formalism allows us to take into account the full energy dependence in the transport integrals through a previously introduced exponent s that combines the energy dependence of the quasiparticles’ velocity, the density of states, and the relaxation time. While it has been shown that an unconventional exponent s = 4 was relevant in the context of the conducting polymers, the question of the maximum of ZT is addressed by varying s from 1 up to 4 through a materials quality factor analysis. In particular, it is found that the exponent s = 4 allows for an extended range of high figure of merit toward the slightly degenerate regime. Useful analytical asymptotic relations are given, and a generalization of the Chasmar and Stratton formula of ZT is also provided.
Numerical study on hydrodynamic behavior of flexible multi-stage propulsion foil
Authors: Feng Dakui , Yang Wenjing , Zhang Zhiguo , Wang Xianzhou , Yao Chaobang
Published: March 2021

To examine mechanisms of the high speed and efficiency of propulsion of aquatic animals and to apply the findings to the design of underwater vehicles, this study uses dolphins as an example. The motion of aquatic animals is divided into three stages for the convenience of analysis of bio-propulsion: the oscillation of one-third of the rear body, the oscillation of the caudal fin, and the deformation of the caudal fin. We call the case multi-stage propulsion when all the stages are contained in a bio-propulsion. We investigate the effects of the phase difference between oscillations of the first and second stages φ on hydrodynamic performance and the chordwise deformation factor δc0 on hydrodynamic performance. The results show that when the phase difference was 90°, the propulsion efficiency was the highest and an appropriate caudal chordwise deformation could increase the propulsion efficiency, which was consistent with the result of previous studies. The key part of this paper is the comparative study between different propulsion modes in terms of fluid mechanism from multiple perspectives, such as the force generated by the oscillating motion, the shedding frequency of the wake vortex, and the spacings of vortices induced by different propulsion modes. The aim of this paper is to understand the mechanism supporting a larger thrust and higher efficiency of multi-stage propulsion and provide reference for the improvement and optimization of bionic propulsion in the future.
Vertical patterns of leaf physiology and biofilm characteristics for submerged macrophytes in a shallow subtropical lake
Authors: Wang Yiping , Jiang Wei , Cheng Yi , Li Dujun , Zhang Zhuolun , Zhang Xinhou , Wang Guoxiang
Published: March 2021

Little is known about vertical patterns of leaf characteristics for submerged macrophytes in freshwater ecosystems. Here, after sampling Ceratophyllum demersum and Hydrilla verticillata in deep (3.8 m) and shallow areas (1.0 m) in a shallow subtropical lake, we cut the individuals into segments along the vertical direction, and measured leaf biofilm and physiology characteristics. In the deep area, leaf pigment concentrations showed declining trends with an increasing water depth, but the enzymatic specific activity of peroxidase (POD-ESA) was precisely the opposite. Moreover, the amount of attached biofilm matter and epiphyte biomass were greatest on leaves of upper middle segments, and lowest on bottom segments. In the shallow area, bottom leaves of C. demersum had more attached biofilm matter and epiphyte biomass, but the opposite was true for H. verticillata. Additionally, leaf chlorophyll-a concentration was higher on the bottom segments for H. verticillata, and C. demersum had a higher POD-ESA in bottom leaves. Our analysis found that vertical pattern of leaf physiology was closely related to light intensity, and biofilms played an auxiliary role. Our study highlighted vertical patterns of leaf biofilm and physiology for submerged macrophytes, and suggested that such patterns are generally species-specific, especially in shallow areas.
Patient-Chosen Gap Payment: an exploratory qualitative review of patients and general practitioner attitudes toward an alternative funding model for general practice
Authors: Epstein Daniel S. , Barton Christopher , Prathivadi Pallavi , Mazza Danielle
Published: March 2021

We explored patients’ and GPs’ perceptions of an alternative payment system, a Patient-Chosen Gap Payment, where a gap fee is determined by the patient based on their perceived value of the service, including the choice to pay nothing. Semi-structured, in-depth interviews held with GPs (n = 10) and patients (n = 10) were audio-recorded, transcribed and analysed for emerging themes. We found three emergent themes: (1) the cost of quality: health care was difficult to value for both GPs and patients; there was belief in universal coverage and the importance of quality, but trade-offs in quality of care were a common perception; (2) the doctor–patient relationship: patient-centred care was a common goal and perceived as a good measure of quality care and a way for patients to place a value on the service/care; and (3) the business of general practice: participants wanted to see sustainable business models for primary care that incentivised quality of care. A Patient-Chosen Gap Payment (PCGP) funding model could incentivise doctors to provide better care without limiting access to health care. Further research is needed to model real-world application.
First record of biological traits of the Australian endemic longfin pike (
Authors: Gray Charles A.
Published: March 2021

Dinolestes lewini (longfin pike) is a common, but little studied, fish species endemic to temperate marine-dominated waters below ~31°S on the east, south and west coasts of the Australian mainland and around Tasmania. Samples of longfin pike collected in Lake Macquarie, a large coastal lagoon in south-eastern Australia, were examined for age, growth and reproductive characteristics. Spawning occurred over an extended period between at least October and March (austral spring to autumn), and although spent individuals occurred in samples, spawning location could not be ascertained. Examination of otolith edge condition provided strong support that opaque and translucent zones were deposited annually and that counts of opaque zones on otoliths can be used to estimate ages. Sex-related differences in mean length at age and projected growth based on the von Bertalanffy growth function were evident. Growth trajectories diverged at ~1.5 years of age, after which females grew faster than males for a longer period, eventually attaining greater observed maximum lengths and ages. Observed longevity was 5+ and 9+ years for males and females, respectively. The data provide an initial knowledge-platform for incorporation in species assessments and for further comparative investigations of variation in biological traits across the species’ distribution.