bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Do pandemics reduce support for democracy? A survey experiment in Myanmar
Authors: Mon Swe Oo , Yamada Kyohei
Published: August 2024

This paper focuses on people's attitudes towards democracy and authoritarian regimes in Myanmar and whether the extent to which they prefer democracy is moderated by the severity of the coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. If people view the authoritarian regime's capacity to take swift action favourably, their opposition to it may be lower. We explored this hypothesis by conducting a survey of 756 individuals in Myanmar in June 2022 that incorporated a vignette experiment. A hypothetical scenario of Myanmar society in 2023 was presented with a two-by-two design – the conditions of the government (election is restored or not) and the pandemic situation (good or bad) were randomly varied, and the respondents were asked to report their favourability of the hypothetical scenario. The results reveal: (1) regardless of the pandemic condition, respondents prefer democracy to authoritarian regimes by a wide margin; and (2) the extent to which democracy is preferred is lower when the COVID-19 condition is more severe. Similar results were obtained from supplementary analyses using a conjoint experiment.
Anthropogenic Influence Has Increased the Nighttime Heat Stress Risks in Eastern China
Authors: He Wenyue , Chen Huopo
Published: August 2024

Nights with high temperatures and humidity often bring more fatal consequences during the human sleeping process. A significantly increasing trend in the intensity and frequency of humid‐heat nights has been observed in eastern China from 1961 to 2014. Detection analyses show that the fingerprinting of anthropogenic forcing, in which the greenhouse gas forcing is critical, can be identified for changes in the humid‐heat nights in eastern China. However, the roles of anthropogenic aerosols and external natural forcings cannot be detected, and their effects on the observed changes in humid‐heat nights over eastern China are generally negligible. Under different warming scenarios, there is a projected continuation of increasing intensity and frequency of humid‐heat nights, although the magnitudes are reduced after constraining. In eastern China, the areal mean intensity of humid‐heat nights is projected to increase by approximately 0.9, 1.5, 2.5, and 3.5°C (relative to 1995–2014) for 1.5, 2.0, 3.0, and 4.0°C global warming, while the occurrence of extreme humid‐heat night is 1.1, 1.2, 1.2, and 1.3 times more than the current period. Moreover, the population exposed to humid‐heat nights in eastern China, particularly in the northern regions, is expected to increase in the future. Our results enhance the understanding of the potential risks of humid‐heat nights, which is critical for climate‐change policy in China.
An Emulator of Stratocumulus Cloud Response to Two Cloud‐Controlling Factors Accounting for Internal Variability
Authors: Sansom Rachel W. N. , Carslaw Ken S. , Johnson Jill S. , Lee Lindsay
Published: August 2024

Large uncertainties persist in modeling shallow, low clouds because of many interacting nonlinear processes and multiple cloud‐controlling environmental factors. In addition, sharp changes in behavior occur when environmental thresholds are met. Model studies that follow a traditional approach of exploring the effects of factors “one‐at‐a‐time” are unable to capture interactions between factors. We simulate a stratocumulus cloud based on the Second Dynamics and Chemistry of Marine Stratocumulus field study using a large‐eddy simulation model coupled with a two‐moment cloud microphysics scheme. The simulations are used to train a Gaussian process emulator, which we then use to visualize the relationships between two cloud‐controlling factors and domain‐averaged cloud properties. Only 29 model simulations were required to train the emulators, which then predicted cloud properties at thousands of new combinations of the two factors. Emulator response surfaces of cloud liquid water path and cloud fraction show two behavioral regimes, one of thin and patchy yet steady stratocumulus and one of thick, growing stratocumulus with cloud fraction near 1. Internal variability (initial‐condition uncertainty) creates unrealistic “bumpy” response surfaces. However, we show that the variability causing the bumpiness can be characterized in an emulator “nugget term” that is adjusted to match the distribution of a small number of initial‐condition ensemble simulations at various points on the surface, thereby allowing a smoother, deterministic response surface to be constructed. Accounting for variability allows the transition between regimes, and the joint interactions of parameters, to be visualized in a more deterministic way that has not been done before.
Coordinated Geostationary, Multispectral Satellite Observations Are Critical for Climate and Air Quality Progress
Authors: Millet Dylan B. , Palmer Paul I. , Levelt Pieternel F. , Gallardo Laura , Shikwambana Lerato
Published: August 2024

Satellite observations are critical for air quality and climate monitoring, and for developing the process understanding needed for reliable planning and predictions. Our current space‐based observing system stands at a crossroads with the early missions approaching their end‐of‐life. We articulate the challenges and needs to sustain and develop these environmental records into the future, focusing specifically on observations of gas‐phase atmospheric composition.
Stratospheric Chlorine Processing After the Unprecedented Hunga Tonga Eruption
Authors: Zhang Jun , Wang Peidong , Kinnison Douglas , Solomon Susan , Guan Jian , Stone Kane , Zhu Yunqian
Published: August 2024

Following the Hunga Tonga–Hunga Ha'apai (HTHH) eruption in January 2022, significant reductions in stratospheric hydrochloric acid (HCl) were observed in the Southern Hemisphere mid‐latitudes during the latter half of 2022, suggesting potential chlorine activation. The objective of this study is to comprehensively understand the loss of HCl in the aftermath of HTHH. Satellite measurements and a global chemistry‐climate model are employed for the analysis. We find strong agreement of 2022 anomalies between the modeled and the measured data. The observed tracer‐tracer relations between nitrous oxide (N2O) and HCl indicate a significant role of chemical processing in the observed HCl reduction, especially during the austral winter of 2022. Further examining the roles of chlorine gas‐phase and heterogeneous chemistry, we find that heterogeneous chemistry emerges as the primary driver for the chemical loss of HCl, and the reaction between hypobromous acid (HOBr) and HCl on sulfate aerosols is the dominant loss process.
Increased somatic mosaicism in autosomal and X chromosomes for suicide death
Authors: Otsuka Ikuo , Uchiyama Shunsuke , Shirai Toshiyuki , Liu Xiaoxi , Takahashi Motonori , Kamatani Yoichiro , Terao Chikashi , Hishimoto Akitoyo
Published: August 2024

Mosaic chromosomal alterations (mCAs) are classified as mosaic deletions (loss), copy-neutral loss of heterozygosity (CN-LOH), and duplications (gain), attracting special attention as biological aging-related acquired genetic alterations. While these mCAs have been linked with aging and various diseases, no study has investigated their association with suicide risk which is associated with abnormal biological aging. Here, we examined the association between suicide deaths and mCAs, including mosaic loss of the X (mLOX) and Y chromosomes, by leveraging blood-derived single nucleotide polymorphism-array data. The first (410 suicide decedents and 88,870 controls) and the second (363 suicide decedents and 88,870 controls) cohorts were analyzed and integrated using meta-analyses (773 suicide decedents and 177,740 controls). Total mCAs in autosomal chromosomes were significantly increased in suicide (p = 1.28 × 10−6, odds ratio [OR] = 1.78), mostly driven by loss (p = 4.05 × 10−9, OR = 2.70) and gain (p = 1.08 × 10−3, OR = 2.23). mLOX were significantly increased in female suicide (p = 2.66 × 10−21, OR = 4.00). The directions of effects of all mCAs in autosomal and sex chromosomes on suicide were the same in the first and second sets. Subgroup analyses suggest that our findings were mostly driven by suicide itself, and not confounded by comorbid psychiatric disorders or physical diseases, smoking status, sample location, or postmortem sample status. In conclusion, we provide the first evidence for aberrant mCAs in somatic autosomal and X chromosomes in suicide, which may contribute to an improved understanding of the genomic pathophysiology underlying suicide.
Dual pathway inhibition with faricimab for previously treated neovascular age-related macular degeneration and diabetic macular oedema: guidance from a UK panel of retina specialists
Authors: Downey Louise , Sivaprasad Sobha , Chhabra Ramandeep , Bailey Clare , Chakrabarti Soma , Elsherbiny Samer , Patel Jignesh , Silvestri Giuliana , Watson Sarah-Lucie , Williams Gwyn , Parker Antony , Khokhar Saima , Lotery Andrew
Published: August 2024

Background/objectives

Some eyes with neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD) and centre-involving diabetic macular oedema (DMO) fail to respond sufficiently or lose response over time to standard of care intravitreal anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) therapy. This paper explores clinical scenarios for switching to dual action angiopoietin-2 (Ang-2)/VEGF-A inhibitor faricimab (Vabysmo, Roche Products Limited) in previously anti-VEGF-treated patients.

Methods

A national steering group meeting of UK retina specialists was held in London on 27 October 2023. Clinician practice and experience were reviewed together with pivotal clinical trial data and early findings from real-world settings. Roche Products Limited facilitated and funded the meeting.

Results

While there is no standardised protocol for identifying suboptimal response, the authors review relevant clinical biomarkers of disease activity used in routine clinical practice to determine patient response and guide treatment decisions. Common reasons identified for considering a change of treatment were lack of efficacy demonstrated by suboptimal anatomic or visual improvement and insufficient durability of response. The panel outline strategies for switching to faricimab among eligible patients with a prior anti-VEGF treatment history, with initial monthly loading doses or maintaining the previous treatment interval before attempting to extend, that may be integrated into current treat-and-extend (T&E) clinical pathways for treating patients with nAMD and DMO. General considerations for switching between treatments are also reviewed.

Conclusion

Clinicians may consider a treatment switch to faricimab in nAMD and DMO patients who have suboptimal disease control or insufficient durability of response on initial anti-VEGF therapy.
Energetics and quantumness of Fano coherence generation
Authors: Donati Ludovica , Cataliotti Francesco Saverio , Gherardini Stefano
Published: August 2024

In a multi-level quantum system Fano coherences stand for the formation of quantum coherences due to the interaction with the continuum of modes characterizing an incoherent process. In this paper we propose a V-type three-level quantum system on which we certify the presence of genuinely quantum traits underlying the generation of Fano coherences. We do this by determining work conditions that allows for the loss of positivity of the Kirkwood-Dirac quasiprobability distribution of the stochastic energy changes within the discrete system. We also show the existence of nonequilibrium regimes where the generation of Fano coherences leads to a non-negligible excess energy given by the amount of energy that is left over with respect to the energy of the system at the beginning of the transformation. Excess energy is attained provided the initial state of the discrete system is in a superposition of the energy eigenbasis. We conclude the paper by studying the thermodynamic efficiency of the whole process.
miR-21, miR-29a, and miR-106b: serum and tissue biomarkers with diagnostic potential in metastatic testicular cancer
Authors: Ujfaludi Zsuzsanna , Fazekas Fruzsina , Biró Krisztina , Oláh-Németh Orsolya , Buzogany Istvan , Sükösd Farkas , Beöthe Tamás , Pankotai Tibor
Published: August 2024

The imperative need for sensitive and precise tools is underscored in cancer diagnostics, with biomarkers playing a pivotal role in facilitating early detection and tumor diagnosis. Despite their classical pathological classification, testicular tumors lack valuable markers, emphasizing the necessity to identify and apply serum tumor markers in clinical management. Unfortunately, existing biomarkers exhibit limited sensitivities and specificities. Recent years have witnessed the discovery of novel RNA molecules, presenting a potential breakthrough as diagnostic tools and promising biomarkers. This report presents compelling evidence supporting the detection of early testicular cancer by applying a set of nine microRNAs (miRNAs), establishing them as valuable serum biomarkers for diagnosis. We developed a standardized serum-based measurement protocol and conducted comprehensive statistical analyses on the dataset to underscore the diagnostic accuracy of the miRNA pool. Notably, with a sensitivity exceeding 93%, miR-21, miR-29a, and miR-106b surpass classical serum tumor markers in the context of testicular cancer. Specifically, these miRNAs are poised to enhance clinical decision-making in testicular cancer detection and hold the potential for assessing tumor growth in monitoring chemotherapy outcomes.
M2 macrophage-derived lncRNA NORAD in EVs promotes NSCLC progression via miR-520g-3p/SMIM22/GALE axis
Authors: Zhao Qingtao , Li Bin , Zhang Xiaopeng , Zhao Huanfen , Xue Wenfei , Yuan Zheng , Xu Shun , Duan Guochen
Published: August 2024

Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) constitutes the majority of lung cancer cases, accounting for over 80%. RNAs in EVs play a pivotal role in various biological and pathological processes mediated by extracellular vesicle (EV). Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are widely associated with cancer-related functions, including cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and drug resistance. Tumor-associated macrophages are recognized as pivotal contributors to tumorigenesis. Given these insights, this study aims to uncover the impact of lncRNA NORAD in EVs derived from M2 macrophages in NSCLC cell lines and xenograft mouse models of NSCLC. EVs were meticulously isolated and verified based on their morphology and specific biomarkers. The interaction between lncRNA NORAD and SMIM22 was investigated using immunoprecipitation. The influence of SMIM22/GALE or lncRNA NORAD in EVs on glycolysis was assessed in NSCLC cell lines. Additionally, we evaluated the effects of M2 macrophage-derived lncRNA NORAD in EVs on cell proliferation and apoptosis through colony formation and flow cytometry assays. Furthermore, the impact of M2 macrophage-derived lncRNA NORAD in EVs on tumor growth was confirmed using xenograft tumor animal models. The results underscored the potential role of M2 macrophage-derived lncRNA NORAD in EVs in NSCLC. SMIM22/GALE promoted glycolysis and the proliferation of NSCLC cells. Furthermore, lncRNA NORAD in EVs targeted SMIM22 and miR-520g-3p in NSCLC cells. Notably, lncRNA NORAD in EVs promoted the proliferation of NSCLC cells and facilitated NSCLC tumor growth through the miR-520g-3p axis. In conclusion, M2 macrophage-derived lncRNA NORAD in EVs promotes NSCLC progression through the miR-520g-3p/SMIM22/GALE axis.
Synthesis and electric field response of titanium dioxide nano-particles dispersed in hydrophobic solvents
Authors: Kurebayashi Tetsuya , Inoue Seki , Masuda Yuichi , Shinoda Hiroyuki , Sasaki Takehiko
Published: August 2024

We present a novel synthesis method for producing stable titanium dioxide nanoparticles (<10 nm) dispersed in hydrophobic solvents using organophosphates.
Unveiling the potential of MOF-based single-atom photocatalysts for the production of clean fuel and valuable chemical
Authors: Chen Rundong , Liu Gaoxiong , Xia Bingquan , Liu Teng , Xia Yang , Liu Shantang , Talebian-Kiakalaieh Amin , Ran Jingrun
Published: August 2024

Our highlight provides a comprehensive/insightful review on the achievement of combining a MOF and single atoms to generate high-performance photocatalysts for energy-related reactions.
Anionic aza 8π-electrocyclization as an unprecedented pathway versus 7-endo-dig: DFT study on the mechanism of base-catalyzed benzofuroazepine synthesis via cyclization of (2-alkynylbenzyl)oxy nitriles
Authors: Amiri Omid , Bazgir Ayoob
Published: August 2024

DFT calculations are used to disclose the mechanism of Brønsted base-mediated cyclization of 2-alkynylbenzyloxy nitriles for the synthesis of benzofuroazepines.
An endogenous oxygen self-supplied nanoplatform with GSH-depleted and NIR-II triggered electron–hole separation for enhanced photocatalytic anti-tumor therapy
Authors: Huang Yao , Wei Hanlin , Feng Hui , Tian Fengyu , Zheng Qi , Deng Zhiming
Published: August 2024

The use of artificial enzymes and light energy in photocatalytic therapy, a developing drug-free therapeutic approach, can treat malignant tumors in vivo.
Probing the structure and dynamics of the heterocyclic PAH xanthene and its water complexes with infrared and microwave spectroscopy
Authors: Loru Donatella , Sun Wenhao , Nootebos Hugo , Steber Amanda L. , Ferrari Piero , Schnell Melanie
Published: August 2024

To aid the interstellar search for OPAHs and gain insights into their microsolvation, we investigated xanthene and its hydrated clusters with up to four water molecules using IR-UV ion dip and broadband rotational spectroscopy.
Pd-catalyzed regioselective activation of C(sp2)–H and C(sp3)–H bonds
Authors: Ali Wajid , Oliver Gwyndaf A. , Werz Daniel B. , Maiti Debabrata
Published: August 2024

In the last decade numerous techniques have been developed in Pd-catalysed distal C–H activation ranging from template-assisted to the use of inherent functional groups as the directing auxiliary including ligand-enabled transformations.
Catalytic pyrolysis mechanism of lignin moieties driven by aldehyde, hydroxyl, methoxy, and allyl functionalization: the role of reactive quinone methide and ketene intermediates
Authors: Pan Zeyou , Wu Xiangkun , Bodi Andras , van Bokhoven Jeroen A. , Hemberger Patrick
Published: August 2024

The complex catalytic pyrolysis mechanism of key lignin monomers demonstrates how functional groups dictate product pathways, revealing insights to enhance desired chemical yields and minimize catalyst deactivation.
Acid-catalyzed regioselective remote heteroarylation of alkenes via CC bond migration
Authors: Qin Shengxiang , Zhang Yaqi , Jiang Long , Tse Man Kin , Chan Albert S. C. , Qiu Liqin
Published: August 2024

An effective path for acid-catalyzed regioselective remote heteroarylation and reductive alkylation of alkenes is reported, which exhibits excellent functional group compatibility, regioselectivity, practicality and potential applications.
Quantification of impurities in diatomite via sensitivity-improved calibration-free laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy
Authors: Belkhir Nabila , Beldjilali Sid Ahmed , Benelmouaz Mohamed Amine , Hamzaoui Saad , Alloncle Anne-Patricia , Gerhard Christoph , Hermann Jörg
Published: August 2024

The detection of impurities in diatomite is a critical issue during the silicon extraction process.
Microfluidic preparation of monodisperse PLGA-PEG/PLGA microspheres with controllable morphology for drug release
Authors: Chen Wenwen , Li Hao , Zhang Xinyue , Sang Yutao , Nie Zhihong
Published: August 2024

Monodisperse polymer microspheres with tailored surface morphologies were produced using microfluidics and interfacial instability. These unique surface structures enhanced drug release, presenting diverse options for drug delivery systems.
Next-generation EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors to overcome C797S mutation in non-small cell lung cancer (2019–2024)
Authors: Das Debasis , Xie Lingzhi , Hong Jian
Published: August 2024

Prospects of novel fourth-generation EGFR-TKIs overcoming C797S-mediated resistance in non-small cell lung cancer.
Supramolecular assembly of phenanthrene–DNA conjugates into light-harvesting nanospheres
Authors: Thiede Jan , Schneeberger Thomas , Iacovache Ioan , Langenegger Simon M. , Zuber Benoît , Häner Robert
Published: August 2024

The self-assembly of DNA–chromophore conjugates into nanospheres is demonstrated. Phenanthrenes are arranged in light-harvesting chromophore arrays collecting excitation energy via FRET.
Synthesis of the novel (BiO)4CO3(OH)2/BiOBr heterostructure with enhanced photocatalytic reduction of Cr(vi) and degradation of tetracycline
Authors: Li Yuchen , Zhang Yi , Zhou Ze Yu , Peng Bin , Peng Yin
Published: August 2024

The (BiO)4CO3(OH)2/BiOBr heterojunction with outstanding photocatalytic performance was developed using (BiO)4CO3(OH)2 and HBr acid as raw materials.
The composite metal cluster catalyst Ni–MCM enhances the non-radical pathway for efficient catalytic degradation of norfloxacin
Authors: Xing Chuhan , Chen Yaoyao , Song Zhi , Liu Boxia , Zhang Xiayan , Liu Jialu , Huang Yeqiong , Han Dongxu
Published: August 2024

Norfloxacin (NOR) is a synthetic antibacterial agent that is extensively applied in the management of various infectious conditions.
Size matters: altering the metal-surface coordination in micropores via structural confinement effects
Authors: Southern Scott A. , Thompson Austin , Sadow Aaron D. , Perras Frédéric A.
Published: August 2024

NMR experiments reveal how surface curvature can impact metal coordination. It was observed that under extreme confinement, secondary support–metal interactions are prevented, leading to a dynamic complex with an open coordination site.
Thermal-induced coloration and photothermal conversion of an Ag-based coordination polymer with stable radicals
Authors: Ke Hua , Xie Tong , Liao Jian-Zhen
Published: August 2024

An exceptional crystalline material only composed of non-radical components, exhibits radical-doping nature both under ambient conditions and high temperature of 400 °C. Temperature can induce its color, spectra and photothermal property variations.
General and versatile synthesis of highly recyclable chiral phosphoric acid organocatalysts
Authors: Maestro Aitor , Ötvös Sándor B. , Auer Gerald , Kappe C. Oliver
Published: August 2024

We report a general and concise 9-step approach to heterogeneous chiral phosphoric acids and their application as highly recyclable organocatalysts in batch and continuous flow.
Design and synthesis of non-hydroxamate lipophilic inhibitors of 1-deoxy-d-xylulose 5-phosphate reductoisomerase (DXR): in silico, in vitro and antibacterial studies
Authors: Kesharwani Sharyu , Eeba  , Tandi Mukesh , Agarwal Nisheeth , Sundriyal Sandeep
Published: August 2024

We report the design, synthesis, and evaluation of the lipophilic DXR inhibitors as potential antimicrobial agents by replacing the hydroxamate metal-binding groups with other metal chelators.
Porous carbon/Fe3O4 nanocomposite as a new magnetically recoverable catalyst for the preparation of polyhydroquinolines
Authors: Goudarziafshar Hamid , Zafari Maryam , Moosavi-Zare Ahmad Reza
Published: August 2024

A porous carbon/Fe3O4 nanocomposite (PC/Fe3O4 nanocomposite) was prepared through the pyrolysis of peanut shells as biowaste with ferrous ferric oxide to give a new magnetically recoverable catalyst and successfully tested on the synthesis of polyhydroquinolines.
Poly(arylene piperidinium) terpolymer membranes with dual piperidinium cations and semi-fluoroalkyl pendants for anion exchange membrane water electrolyzers
Authors: Yadav Vikrant , Miyatake Kenji , Ahmed Mahmoud Ahmed Mohamed , Liu Fanghua , Xian Fang , Guo Lin , Wong Chun Yik , Iwataki Toshio , Uchida Makoto , Kakinuma Katsuyoshi
Published: August 2024

The effect of the length of semi-fluoroalkyl pendants on physical and electrochemical properties was investigated for poly(arylene piperidinium) terpolymer-based anion exchange membranes for applications in alkaline water electrolyzers.
Crystalline phase effects of zirconia in Ag/ZrO2 catalysts: oxygen vacancy-mediated new pathways to promote carbon–oxygen bond hydrogenation
Authors: Guo Menghan , Shang Xiaofang , Li Jiawei , Yang Chenxi , Ding Jie , Zhong Qin , Chen Yixin
Published: August 2024

Elucidation of the crystalline phase effect of zirconia in Ag/ZrO2 catalysts and exploration of a new way for promoting the hydrogenation of carbon–oxygen bonds with the involvement of oxygen vacancies.
Design of alkali lead oxybromides with a strong second-harmonic generation response and large birefringence
Authors: Zeng Jialin , Li Shuangcheng , Zhu Yahui , Geng Zilong , Luo Yiting , Fu Ruibiao , Ma Zuju
Published: August 2024

New lead oxybromides featuring large [Pb2Br7(OOC(CH2)3COO)] groups containing distorted [PbBr4O2] polyhedrons that are induced by Rb+/Cs+ cations into an oriented alignment exhibit a strong second-harmonic generation response and large birefringence.
Understanding Work Rhythms in Software Development and Their Effects on Technical Performance
Authors: Zhang Jiayun , Gong Qingyuan , Chen Yang , Xiao Yu , Wang Xin , Ding Aaron Yi
Published: August 2024

The temporal patterns of code submissions, denoted as work rhythms, provide valuable insight into the work habits and productivity in software development. In this paper, we investigate the work rhythms in software development and their effects on technical performance by analyzing the profiles of developers and projects from 110 international organizations and their commit activities on GitHub. Using clustering, we identify four work rhythms among individual developers and three work rhythms among software projects. Strong correlations are found between work rhythms and work regions, seniority, and collaboration roles. We then define practical measures for technical performance and examine the effects of different work rhythms on them. Our findings suggest that moderate overtime is related to good technical performance, whereas fixed office hours are associated with receiving less attention. Furthermore, we survey 92 developers to understand their experience with working overtime and the reasons behind it. The survey reveals that developers often work longer than required. A positive attitude towards extended working hours is associated with situations that require addressing unexpected issues or when clear incentives are provided. In addition to the insights from our quantitative and qualitative studies, this work sheds light on tangible measures for both software companies and individual developers to improve the recruitment process, project planning, and productivity assessment.
Online parameter adaptive control of mobile robots based on deep reinforcement learning under multiple optimisation objectives
Authors: Sui Xiuli , Chen Haiyong
Published: August 2024

Fixed control parameters and various optimisation objectives significantly limit the robot control performance. To address such issues, a parameter adaptive controller based on deep reinforcement learning is introduced firstly to adjust control parameters according to the real‐time system state. Further, multiple evaluation mechanisms are constructed to take account of optimisation objectives so that the controller can adapt to different control performance indexes by different evaluation mechanisms. Finally, the target pedestrian tracking control with mobile robots is selected as the validation case study, and the Proportional‐Derivative Controller is chosen as the foundation controller. Several simulation and experimental examples are designed, and the results demonstrate that the proposed method shows satisfactory performance while taking account of multiple optimisation objectives.
Preliminary study of the ability of indigenous fungi from river as an alternative to degrade pesticides and their effect on insect larvae
Authors: Dewi Ratna Stia , Sastranegara Moh. Husein , Ayunda Batari Citra
Published: August 2024

Agriculture relies on pesticides for crop protection, but their negative impacts on the environment, human health, and ecosystems are concerning. Pesticide residues in river water, especially in agricultural areas, threaten organism survival. This study aims to explore fungi's role in mitigating these negative effects and their potential to degrade pesticide residues. Fungi were isolated from river water in Banyumas regency's Mengaji and Prukut rivers, where pesticides are used in surrounding rice fields. The fungi's potential was tested by inoculating them on PDAchlorpyrifos medium, measuring mycelium diameter, and conducting a clear zone test to assess pesticide degradation capability. Indigenous fungal isolates from Mengaji and Prukut showed diameters ranging from 1.0-7.1 cm. Eleven isolates demonstrated pesticide degradation abilities, producing clear zones, including I12, 121, I24, and I25. Isolate I24, identified as Trichoderma sp., was the most effective. Environmental parameters (current speed, temperature, pH, O2) were measured at nine collection sites, influencing fungal diversity. Additionally, Trichoderma sp. is effective at rapidly degrading pesticides and are safe for non-target insects. This preliminary study highlights fungi's potential as future agricultural technology for managing pesticide residues.
Genetic variation of sand crab Albunea symmysta (Crustacea: Albuneidae) from Enggano Island and adjacent region
Authors: Farajallah Achmad , Azizah Elaeisa , Perwitasari Dyah , Mashar Ali , Alfiyan Achmad , Sipriyadi Sipriyadi
Published: August 2024

The sand crab Albunea symmysta is widespread in the Pacific, including Indonesia. Its lifestyle of burying its body in the sand in the intertidal area near to the river estuaries means that this albuneid crab is rarely found and studied. This research aimed to elucidate the genetic diversity of albuneid crab in the intertidal area of Enggano Island, which is characterized by calcaerous sand based on DNA barcoding of the CO1 gene. We conducted DNA sequencing of the CO1 gene of A. symmysta samples caught in Enggano (n=14), North Bengkulu (n=11), And South Bengkulu (n=6). All DNA sequence data were combined with data obtained from previous studies (n=36) and Albunea spp (n=18, four species). The result showed that in Enggano, two species of albuneid crab, namely A. symmysta and Albunea sp1 (NJ genetic distance 17.3%), were determined. The genetic distance of A. symmysta Enggano to several other albuneid crab species (Albunea sp2, Albunea sp3, Albunea sp4) ranges from 14.9% to 20.2%. A. symmysta Enggano is closest to different locations, ranging from 0.2% to 6.6%. We found six haplotypes in Enggano out of 26 haplotypes in Indonesia. DNA barcoding revealed the existence of a cryptic species of albuneid crab in Enggano and another region in Indonesia. That way, we have to work more to determine the species of albuneid crab other than A. symmysta which was found in Enggano (n=2).
The Antioxidant Activity and Sensory Quality of Mayonnaise Supplemented with Calamansi Peel Flour (Citrofortunella microcarpa)
Authors: Afifah Najla , Kartikasari Lilik Retna , Nuhriawangsa Adi Magna Patriadi
Published: August 2024

The study aimed to evaluate the level of costumers preference of mayonnaise with the addition of calamansi peel flour (Citrofortunella microcarpa). The research design used a complete randomized design (CRD) with 4 treatments. Organoleptic evaluation used hedonic test method with 9-point hedonic scale. The test was conducted by 25 semi trained panelists. The treatment levels of calamansi peel flour addition were 0 (P0); 1.5 (P1); 3.0 (P2); and 4.5% (P3). Parameters observed were antioxidant activity (antioxidant content, total phenolics, fiber content) and consumer preference (hedonic test). The results of the analysis of Calamansi peel flour had an antioxidant activity value of 723.92 ppm, a total phenol of 10.36 mg GAE/g, and a fiber content of 35.21%. The average score of perception of sensory attributes was between 4 (dislike slightly) and 5 (neither like nor dislike). The results showed the addition of Calamansi peel flour had a significant effect on organoleptic. In conclusion that the treatment of adding 1.5% calamansi peel flour produces mayonnaise that is acceptable to consumers.
Simple sequence repeats (SSRs) discovery and characterization from Phoenix dactylifera genome
Authors: Nugroho Aditya , Romadhon Muhammad Roiyan , Depari Efratenta Katherina
Published: August 2024

The date palm is a palm plant belonging to the Arecaceae family. Date palms have several benefits, such as leaves used in various religious ceremonies, tree trunks as firewood, and fruit with various health benefits. In addition, date palm flowers undergo cross-pollination, are dioecious, and consist of 18 chromosomes, resulting in a heterozygous genetic constitution that can lead to high genetic diversity. The development of Next Generation Sequencing technology can detect genetic diversity using whole genome sequencing approaches. Therefore, this study aims to discover and develop SSR markers using an in-silico approach from Phoenix dactylifera genome data. Genome data from male Phoenix dactylifera leaf tissue was obtained from NCBI with GenBank assembly accession: GCA_009389715.1. Quality analysis of de novo assembly using Busco Analysis result in single-copy completeness of 76.7%, duplicated completeness of 19.0%, fragmented completeness of 2.8%, and missing completeness of 1.5%. A total of 36,764 genes and 29,239 protein-coding genes were found. SSRs were identified and extracted using the Microsatellite (MISA) program, resulting in the distribution of dinucleotide SSR motifs (68.37%), trinucleotide (24.22%), tetranucleotide (6.36%), pentanucleotide (0.59%), and heptanucleotide (0.47%). Based on these perfect SSRs, 15 primer pairs were designed. The SSR markers developed will be expected to help further research on the genetic diversity of P. dactylifera.
Management of water sources and liquid waste in dairy farming environments
Authors: Harlia Ellin , Mauludin M. Ali , Nurlina Lilis , Annisa  , Marlina Eulis Tanti
Published: August 2024

Water resource management in a dairy farming environment is very important. Properly managing dairy farm wastewater and converting it into products that can increase soil fertility is needed to prevent pollution of water sources. Pollution can change the physical, chemical and biological properties of water, resulting in eutrophication. The aim of this research is to find out how livestock activities cause pollution to water sources and whether aerobic fermentation treatment of liquid waste can produce products that are beneficial to the agricultural environment. The water resources management study was carried out in an exploratory manner, water samples were taken from several points, namely household, domestic and river, followed by a liquid waste processing experiment using a completely randomized design, samples were obtained from holding ponds, treated with 4% Molasses, a starter consisting of from silage leachate 4%, and fish meal 1-5% fermentation was carried out aerobically for 3 weeks, with two repetitions. The results of the research obtained a soil conditioner product with an organic carbon content of close to 10, pH according to standard, heavy metal and micronutrient content below standard, biological results did not find E.coli bacteria. and Salmonella bacteria.
Productivity and LER (Land Equivalent Ratio) Napier grass-based intercropping with Legume Cover Crop (LCC)
Authors: Irsyammawati Artharini , Subagiyo Ifar , Mashudi Mashudi , Marjuki Marjuki
Published: August 2024

The aim of the study was to evaluate productivity and Land Equivalent Ratio (LER) Napier grass-based intercropping with Legume Cover Crop (LCC). The experiment conducted at Teaching Farm Faculty of Animal Science, Universitas Brawijaya. Three type of LCC (A) were Clitoria ternatea, Centrocema pubescens and Pueraria javanica and number of row of LCC (B) that nested on factor A. Each treatment repeated 4 times. One plot of experiment were 5 × 4 m (30 plants, 5 row). Parameters that observed were productivity (fresh and dry matter forage production) and LER. Data analyzed with Variance Analysis using Completely Randomized Block Nested Design. The result has shown that type of LCC had influenced on fresh and dry matter forage production while row number of LCC had not influenced. Land Equivalent Ratio Napier grass-based intercropping with two row of LCC were higher than one row of LCC, especially intercropping with Clitoria ternatea and Pueraria javanica have LER > 1, in order 1.073 and 1.028. It can be concluded that type of LCC on intercropping had influence on forage production and intercropping Napier grass with two rows of LCC are more effective to maintain forage production and sustainable animal production with high quality forage.
Fatty acid composition of two new pandanus oil from Lanny Jaya District, Papua: Pandanus iwen and Pandanus jiulianettii seed oil
Authors: Dianingsih Nurlita , Zebua Lisye Iriana , Purnamasari Vita , Suyono Ign Joko
Published: August 2024

Papua has the highest number of flora species in Indonesia. One of the endemic species is the screw palm (Pandanus) fruits which can be potential plant oil. Plant oil has attracted many interests because of its function for food and non-food product development. The objective of this research was to identify the fatty acid composition of Pandanus iwen and Pandanus jiulianettii oil extracted using the method of wet rendering with an aluminium pan. The fatty acid composition was analysed using gas chromatography-FID method. The result showed eleven fatty acids found in both Pandanus iwen and Pandanus jiulianettii. They are C12:0, C14:0, C16:0, C18:0, C20:0, C22:0, C16:1, C18:1, C18:2, C18:3, and C20:1. Both the saturated and unsaturated fatty acid composition of Pandanus iwen (saturated 24.48%, unsaturated 35.10%) is higher than Pandanus jiulianettii (saturated 21.95%, unsaturated 32.58%).
Transesterification of Kapok (Ceiba pentandra) Oil Using Sonication
Authors: Samudra Rizki Putra , Susilo Bambang , Hawa La Choviya , Azra Wafa Nida Faida
Published: August 2024

The high fatty acid content and non-edible nature of kapok (Ceiba Pentandra) oil make it a promising raw material for biodiesel production. However, the traditional transesterification process involves long durations and high energy consumption, necessitating a more efficient method. Sonication, using ultrasonic waves at 20-40kHz, is a leading method that reduces transesterification duration from hours to minutes. It induces cavitation, the formation and collapse of microbubbles, raising the temperature of the reaction environment and accelerating the transesterification reaction. The purpose of this research is to study the transesterification of kapok oil into biodiesel using sonication. The results showed that the biodiesel produced had a viscosity value of 5.6-5.9 cSt, which is still below the maximum value of SNI. The density value is in the range of 913.533 to 951.43 Kg/m3, this value still exceeds the SNI value of 890 Kg.m3. Both parameters were measured at 25oC which should be 40oC based on SNI. The viscosity and density values will decrease as the measurement temperature increases. The highest yield value was produced at 2 min sonication time, 65.7%, while the lowest yield value was produced at 6 min, 53.3%.
Study of energy regularities of direct evaporative air-cooling modes
Authors: Yarashev Siroj , Azizova Gulnoza , Usmonov Nizomjon
Published: August 2024

The state of the air environment in modern agricultural buildings is ensured using microclimate air conditioning systems. However, traditional climate control systems and their equipment are quite expensive, energy-intensive and difficult to operate. Therefore, the problem of developing and using simpler, more reliable, energy-efficient microclimate conditioning systems and devices to create and maintain the required technological parameters of the air environment, ensuring a reduction in energy costs and increasing the productivity of agricultural production (for example, poultry houses), remains relevant, which in addition to being economic for both governments and for individual farms it has important social significance. The microclimate conditioning system of an agricultural building should be a complex application of active (air conditioning systems) and passive (external fences) engineering means. Thus, there was a scientific substantiation of methods for creating and maintaining recommended microclimate parameters in energy-efficient agricultural buildings with air-permeable external fences and the development of a methodology for their calculation.
Study on the heat and vapor transfer resistance of the basement’s outer walls and calculation of moisture regime: A case study of Uzbekistan
Authors: Tulakov Elmurad , Kurbonov Alijon , Inoyatov Dilovar , Eshatov Ikrom , Abdullayeva Sohiba
Published: August 2024

In the article, the type of effective thermal insulation materials used as a solution to increase the resistance to heat transfer of the outer walls of the basement of the buildings (residential and public) being built in the climatic conditions of Uzbekistan, the solution for determining its thickness, the resistance to vapor transmission of the outer walls of the basement, the appearance of moisture in the barrier structure, Experimental results are presented on the calculation of the moisture regime and its effect on the energy efficiency of the barrier structure. Experiments were conducted in the basement of a public building in use. It contains practical recommendations on the use of thermal insulation material.
The influence of soluble salts in water and soil salinity on the formation of cracks in concrete channels
Authors: Bakiev Masharif , Kulumbetov Bakhodir , Nazarov Komiljon , Khasanov Khojiakbar
Published: August 2024

The Republic of Karakalpakstan in Uzbekistan characterized by a sharply continental climate and precipitation of less than 150 mm per year, saline soils and groundwater with high salt concentrations are widely distributed. The situation is exacerbated by the drying up of the Aral Sea and the appearance of salt aerosols in the region. The Bustan Canal is located in this area and is intended for irrigating 100,000 hectares of farmland. The reconstruction of the canal allows for the abandonment of mechanical irrigation and the transition of the system to gravity irrigation. After the canal was put into operation, longitudinal cracks appeared at three stations: 47+20, 202+80, and 218+00. To identify the causes, concealed work was carried out at these locations where cracks appeared. Laboratory analysis of water and soil was conducted to examine the concrete strength, soil particle size distribution, and free swell index. This article presents the results of water analysis for concrete and its maintenance, as well as chemical analysis of the soil. All analyses were performed in licensed laboratories following the relevant national standards. Water for moistening the soil to optimal moisture during embankment construction, for concrete, and for concrete maintenance was sourced from two wells drilled at PK 183+20 and PK 218+45. The analysis showed that the pH of the water was between 4 and 12.5, with a value of 8.2. The sulfate ions (SO4) were 845.54 mg/L, below the limit of 2700 mg/L; chloride ions were 222.7 mg/L, below the limit of 4500 mg/L; suspended particles were 800 mg/L, exceeding the norm of 300 mg/L. The total content of sodium ions (Na+) and potassium ions (K+) was 319.47 mg/L, below the norm of 1500 mg/L. The water from the wells did not contain films of petroleum products, oils, fats, or coloring impurities. Overall, the water was suitable for concrete and concrete maintenance. Further compression strength tests on the concrete showed that the design strength of V 15 (M200) was achieved. The chemical analysis of the soil was conducted using the water and salt-acid extraction method. The sum of the percentage contents of the main ions ranged from 0.159% to 0.289%, indicating a low degree of overall salinity. The content of sulfate ions reached 37.5 eq.%, and sodium and potassium cations reached 41.951 eq.%. The gypsum content was 1.185%, which is below the norm of 5%. The soil was not gypsumized and was sulfide-stable. The soil pH was within the normal range, at pH = 7.4 ± 7.6.
Development a model of an adaptive fuzzy neural network controller for the control system of a synchronous motor with permanent magnet throttle bypass in the ammonia synthesis process
Authors: Khalilov Azim
Published: August 2024

In this work, we present an adaptive fuzzy controller utilizing a fuzzy neural network for the control system of a synchronous motor with permanent magnet throttle bypass in the ammonia synthesis process. This approach offers a straightforward design, eliminates the need for a system model, and removes the constraints of a fixed universal range for fuzzy output. By employing a fuzzy neural network, our method can dynamically identify and adjust to the control system, enabling effective adaptation without prior knowledge of the system's dynamics. Mathematical models and algorithms for the control system are developed, integrating motor dynamics with fuzzy logic and neural networks. Simulation and testing show the effectiveness of the proposed control system in regulating motor speed and torque. The study contributes to the advancement of motor control systems in industrial processes.
Study on stem pests of elm tree in Uzbekistan
Authors: Esanbaev Shamsi , Jumaev Rasul
Published: August 2024

Forest stem pests are of great interest as permanent components of forest biocenosis. In the forest they perform different roles; in a healthy forest they participate in the process of thinning and recycling the wood of naturally dying trees. In turn, they serve as food for other forest inhabitants. When the biological stability of plantings is violated, they act as pests and cause the death of still living trees. Many of them cause great physiological and technical harm. Stem pests constitute a large ecological group of insects that feed on the bark and wood of trunks and branches and have varied economic significance. Some colonize trees without visible signs of weakening, others are very weakened and even felled trees. Trees infested with stem pests die differently, this is due to the nature of the weakening of the tree and the infestation by pests. One of the main factors for the mass reproduction of stem pests is the physiological weakening of plantings, which provides food for pests. And the reasons that ensure the weakening of plantings are environmental factors: climatic (drought, excessive moisture, saline groundwater, windbreaks, snow banks, fires and others), and biotic (leaf-eating pests, tree diseases and human economic activity).