bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Climate records in ancient Chinese diaries and their application in historical climate reconstruction – a case study of Yunshan Diary
Authors: Chen Siying , Su Yun , Fang Xiuqi , He Jia
Published: October 2020

Abstract. Private diaries are important sources of historical data
for research on climate change. Their advantages include a high veracity and
reliability, accurate time and location information, a high temporal
resolution, seasonal integrity, and rich content. In particular, these data
are suitable for reconstructing short-term, high-resolution climate series
and extreme climatic events. Through a case study of Yunshan Diary, authored by Bi Guo of
the Yuan dynasty of China, this article demonstrates how to delve into
climate information in diaries, including species distribution records,
phenological records, daily weather descriptions and personal experiences
of meteorological conditions. In addition, this article considers how to use
these records, supplemented by other data, to reconstruct climate change and
extreme climatic events on various timescales, from multidecadal to annual
or daily. The study of Yunshan Diary finds that there was a relatively low amount of
precipitation in central and southern Jiangsu Province in the summer of
1309; the winter of 1308–1309 was abnormally cold in the Taihu Lake basin.
In the early 14th century at the latest, the climate in eastern China
had begun to turn cold, which reflects the transition from the Medieval Warm
Period to the Little Ice Age.
Assessing the effect of lithological setting, block characteristic and slope topography on the runout length of rockfalls in the Alps and on the La Réunion island
Authors: Wegner Kerstin , Haas Florian , Heckmann Tobias , Mangeney Anne , Durand Virginie , Villeneuve Nicolas , Kowalski Philippe , Peltier Aline , Becht Michael
Published: October 2020

Abstract. In high mountain regions, rockfalls are common processes, which transport different volumes of material and therefore endanger populated areas and infrastructure facilities. In four study areas within different lithological settings, LiDAR (light detection and ranging) data were acquired for a morphometric analysis of block sizes, block shapes and talus cone characteristics. Based on these high-resolution terrestrial laser scanning (TLS) data, the three axes of every block larger than 0.5 m in the referenced point cloud were measured. Block sizes and shapes are used to investigate them in the context of runout distances and to analyse the spatial distribution of blocks on the talus cone. We also investigate the influence of terrain parameters such as slope inclination, roughness and profile curvature (longitudinal profiles). Our study shows that the relation of block size within different lithological settings on runout length is complex, because we can neither confirm nor reject the theory of gravitational sorting. We also found that the block shape (axial ratio) does not have a simple influence on runout length, as it plays the role of a moderating parameter in two study sites (Gampenalm: GA, Dreitorspitze: DTS) while we could not confirm this for Piton de la Fournaise (PF) and Zwieselbach valley (ZBT). The derived roughness values show a clear difference between the four study sites. This also applies for the parameter of slope inclination and longitudinal profiles.
Comment on Estimating the depth and evolution of intrusions at resurgent
calderas: Los Humeros (Mexico) by Urbani et al. (2020)
Authors: Norini Gianluca , Groppelli Gianluca
Published: October 2020

Abstract. A multiple shallow–seated magmatic intrusions model has been proposed by Urbani et al. (2020) for the resurgence of the Los Potreros caldera floor, in the Los Humeros Volcanic Complex. This model predicts (1) the occurrence of localized bulges in the otherwise undeformed caldera floor, and (2) that the faults corresponding to different bulges exhibit different spatial and temporal evolution. Published data and a morphological analysis show that these two conditions are not met at Los Potreros caldera. A geothermal well (H4), located at the youngest supposed bulge (Loma Blanca) for which Urbani et al. (2020) calculated an intrusion depth (425±170 m), doesn’t show any thermal and lithological evidence of such a shallow–seated cryptodome. Finally, published stratigraphic data and radiometric dating disprove the proposed common genesis of Holocene resurgence faulting and viscous lavas extruded in the centre of the caldera. Even if recent shallow intrusions may exist in the area, published data indicate that the pressurization of the LHVC magmatic/hydrothermal system driving resurgence faulting occurs at greater depth. Thus, we suggest that the model and calculation proposed by Urbani et al. (2020) are unlikely to have any relevance to the location, age and emplacement depth of magma intrusions driving resurgence at the Los Potreros caldera.
A Method for Preliminary Rotor Design – Part 1: Radially Independent Actuator Disk model
Authors: Loenbaek Kenneth , Bak Christian , Madsen Jens I. , McWilliam Michael
Published: October 2020

Abstract. We present an analytical model for assessing the aerodynamic performance of a wind turbine rotor though a different parametrization of the the classical Blade Element Momentum (BEM) model. The model is named the Radially Independent Actuator Disc model (RIAD) and it establishes an analytical relationship between the local-thrust loading and the local-power, known as the Local-Thrust-Coefficient and the Local-Power-Coefficient respectively. The model has a direct physical interpretation, showing the contribution for each of the 3 losses: wake-rotation-loss, tip-loss and viscous-loss. The gradients for RIAD is found through the use of the Complex-step-method and power optimization is used to show how easily the method can be used for rotor optimization. The main benefit of RIAD is the ease at which it can be applied for rotor optimization, and especially load constraint power optimization as it is described in Loenbaek et al. (2020). The relationship between the RIAD input and the rotor chord and twist is established and it is validate against a BEM solver.
A Method for Preliminary Rotor Design – Part 2: Wind Turbine Rotor Optimization with Radial Independence
Authors: Loenbaek Kenneth , Bak Christian , McWilliam Michael
Published: October 2020

Abstract. A novel wind turbine rotor optimization methodology is presented. Using an assumption of radial independence it is possible to obtain an optimal relationship between the global power- (CP) and load-coefficient (CT, CFM) through the use of KKT-multipliers, leaving an optimization problem that can be solved at each radial station independently. It allows to solve load constraint power and Annual-Energy-Production (AEP) optimization problems where the optimization variables are only the KKT-multipliers (scalars), one for each of the constraint. For the paper two constraints, namely the thrust and blade-root-flap-moment is used, leading to two optimization variables. Applying the optimization methodology to maximize power (P) or Annual-Energy-Production (AEP) for a given thrust and blade-root-flap-moment, but without a cost-function, leads to the same overall result with the global optimum being unbounded in terms of rotor radius (R~) with a global optimum being at R~ → ∞. The increase in power and AEP is in this case ΔP = 50 % and ΔAEP = 70 %, with a baseline being the Betz-optimum rotor. With a simple cost function and with the same setup of the problem a Power-per-Cost (PpC) optimization resulted in a Power-per-Cost increase of ΔPpC = 4.2 % with a radius increase of ΔR = 7.9 % as well as a power increase of ΔP = 9.1 %. This was obtained while keeping the same flap-moment and reaching a lower thrust of ΔT = −3.8 %. The equivalent for AEP-per-Cost (AEPpC) optimization leads to an increased cost efficiency of ΔAEPpC = 2.9 % with a radius increase of a ΔR = 17 % and an AEP increase of ΔAEP = 13 %, again with the same, maximum flap-moment, while the maximum thrust is −9.0 % lower than the baseline.
Olympia oyster, Ostrea lurida, in Puget Sound: stable isotope shell profiles as potential indicators of a changing climate
Authors: Bucci John P , Aytur Semra A , Staudigel Philip
Published: October 2020

There is a need to monitor environmental changes in situ across aquatic ecosystems. Sclerochronology, a systematic biogeochemical method that assesses variations in the accretionary hard tissues of invertebrates, can be useful in studying these changes. Further studies are needed to
evaluate whether an equilibrium relationship exists between seasonal annual temperature variations in bivalve shells of species with multiple geographic ranges. We present one of the first sclerochronology reports to characterize the δ18O and δ13C shell profiles
of the Olympia oyster, Ostrea lurida Carpenter, 1864. We evaluated its utility as a proxy for past water temperature relating to seasonal cycles. The objectives were to: (1) assess shell δ18O and δ13C values from specimens sampled over time; and (2)
evaluate whether δ18O shell profiles correlate with seasonal temperature patterns. Seven O. lurida specimens were collected, and measurements were taken across shell growth. Results from generalized linear mixed models (GLMM) showed that O. lurida produced δ18O
profiles consistent with a sinusoidal time pattern. The δ18O values ranged from –2.74‰ to –1.05‰, and there was a significant third-order polynomial temporal relationship. Covariation between profiles of shell δ18O and δ13C
values was observed over time. Two independently estimated measures of δ18Owater, accounting for salinity, temperature, and shell carbonate, were also positively correlated over time. Implications support the theory that O. lurida shell δ18O
profiles may be in isotopic equilibrium with ambient water conditions with applications for monitoring programs.
ASSOCIAÇÃO ENTRE OS EVENTOS DE ENOS E A DISTRIBUIÇÃO ESPAÇO-TEMPORAL DA PRECIPITAÇÃO NA BACIA HIDROGRÁFICA DO RIO CAPIM (MA-PA)
Authors: Dias Gustavo Francesco de Morais , Gomes Dênis José Cardoso , Serrão Edivaldo Afonso de Oliveira , Lima Aline Maria Meiguins de , Miranda Sarah Brasil de Araújo de , Júnior João De Athaydes Silva , Souza Adriano Marlisom Leão de
Published: October 2020

A bacia hidrográfica do rio Capim está localizada no nordeste do estado do Pará, compondo o eixo de maior circulação econômica estadual direcionado ao longo da rodovia Belém-Brasília. O estudo da variabilidade espaço-temporal da precipitação relacionadas á eventos climáticos são muito importantes para determinar a sua influência no ciclo hidrológico, na agricultura, geração de energia, além da caracterização do regime hídrico da bacia hidrográfica, tornando-se fundamental para o gerenciamento dos recursos hídricos na mesma. O presente trabalho tem como objetivo analisar a distribuição espacial e temporal da precipitação na bacia hidrográfica do rio Capim, no período de 1983 a 2014, definindo-se as regiões de maior e menor potencial hídrico. Utilizou-se os dados de reanálise de precipitação do GPCC, devido à baixa densidade de pluviômetros na região. Para validação dos dados foram feitos cálculos estatísticos (R, R², N-S, IC e U) entre os dados do GPCC e da ANA. As anomalias pluviométricas foram obtidas através do cálculo do desvio padrão. Os resultados apontam que por meio da espacialização da precipitação foram observados maiores valores para a região do baixo-médio Capim e menores valores para o alto Capim. Além da identificação de uma estação chuvosa com início em dezembro e término em maio que estão associadas a padrões climáticos do acoplamento oceano-atmosfera.
ANÁLISE DOS EFEITOS DE UM EVENTO EXTREMO DE CHUVA SOBRE O ESCOAMENTO SUPERFICIAL EM UMA PEQUENA BACIA HIDROGRÁFICA RURAL AMAZÔNICA
Authors: Silva Rodrigues Rodrigo Silvano , Alves da Silva Maria De Nazaré , Ferreira Filho David Figueiredo , Bezerra Paulo Eduardo Silva , De Figueiredo Nélio Moura
Published: October 2020

O presente estudo tem objetivo analisar os efeitos sobre o escoamento superficial de um evento extremo de chuva em uma pequena bacia hidrográfica rural da Amazônia e comparar com os hidrograma de vazões de projeto. Neste estudo foi o coeficiente de escoamento superficial (C) foi obtido a partir do registro de um evento extremo (chuva) ocorrido entre os dias 11 e 12 de abril de 2018, em que os pluviógrafos indicaram que choveu 130 mm em 2 horas, ou seja, uma intensidade de 65 mm/h resultando no rompimento de barragens e o transbordamento do igarapé Paragominas. Para tanto foi aplicada a relação intensidade-duração-frequência, juntamente com a análise do hietograma de projeto a partir do método dos blocos alternados. Os períodos analisados foram os anos de 1988 e 2018, de forma a permitir a identificação das alterações ocorridas na bacia durante esses 10 anos entre as observações. Como resultado obteve-se um tempo de retorno para esse evento extremo de 320 anos e um aumento de 23% nos valores C entre os dois períodos analisados. Da mesma forma os hidrograma de projeto mostraram variação considerável no comportamento do escoamento.
A RELAÇÃO ENTRE A OROGRAFIA E OS EVENTOS EXTREMOS DE PRECIPITAÇÃO PARA O MUNICÍPIO DE PETRÓPOLIS- RJ
Authors: Tavares Camila de Moraes Gomes , Ferreira Cássia de Castro Martins
Published: October 2020

O município de Petrópolis é historicamente marcado por eventos extremos de precipitação que provocam significativos impactos no espaço urbano. Um dos elementos que pode influenciar na distribuição e intensificação dos eventos sobre o município é a localização dele na serra do mar fluminense. Dessa forma, considerações a respeito das escalas de análise climática, assim como os processos e sistemas atmosféricos que atuam sobre áreas ocupadas por cidades edificadas sob relevo acentuado são, sobremaneira, salutares. Considerando tal contexto, o objetivo do presente trabalho foi avaliar, a partir da espacialização dos eventos mais extremos de chuva, a relação desses eventos com a orografia já que, a depender do sistema atmosférico atuante, a orografia pode exercer papel fundamental na distribuição da precipitação, alterando, por conseguinte as áreas com maiores ou menores volumes de chuva. A partir da análise dos dados pôde-se observar significativo papel da orografia na distribuição dos eventos extremos de precipitação tanto em escala regional (considerando a hipsometria do estado do Rio de Janeiro) quando localmente (a partir da espacialização dos eventos extremos de chuva em concomitante análise à hipsometria do município de Petrópolis). Foi possível considerar ainda que os sistemas frontais provocaram maiores volumes pluviométricos nas estações à barlavento da serra do mar, enquanto que os sistemas carregadores de umidade provenientes do interior do continente foram responsáveis pelos maiores volumes a sotavento.
VARIAÇÃO DAS TEMPERATURAS E DA UMIDADE RELATIVA DO AR NO EXTREMO INVERNO E VERÃO NA CIDADE DE BARRA DO GARÇAS-MT
Authors: Lira Francisco Sousa , Araújo Rildo Vieira , Melo Leonardo José de , Costa Reginaldo Brito , Sousa Romário Rosa de
Published: October 2020

Este trabalho teve como objetivo conhecer as variações de temperaturas e umidade relativa do ar no extremo inverno e verão na cidade de Barra do Garças-MT. Quanto a metodologia utilizada, pautou-se na aquisição dos dados diários coletados a cada 30 minutos a partir de 9 termohigrômetros digitais. Foram utilizados dados diários proveniente do Banco de Dados Meteorológicos para Ensino e Pesquisa BDMEP/INMET, referentes as estações meteorológicas de Aragarças-GO, Nova Xavantina-MT, Poxoréo-MT e Jataí-GO. As imagens orbitais digitais gratuitas do município de Barra do Garças-MT, foram obtidas do satélite Landsat-8 no Serviço de Levantamento Geológico Americano (USGS), sensor OLI (Operational Land Imager) orbita 224, ponto 71, com data de passagem 13/07/2017 e 21/01/2108 e horário central 10:30 horas, banda: 10 com resolução espacial de 30 metros e banda 10 infravermelho termal. A composição colorida e as aplicações das modelagens foram realizadas no software ERDAS Imagine versão 2013. As temperaturas no mês de julho de 2017, se destacou com valores mais elevados, e a umidade relativa do ar baixa com 52%, apresentando uma insolação total de 260,1w/m², precipitação 0,0mm, e a velocidade do vento em 0,486471m/s. Já para o mês de janeiro de 2018, este apresentou valores menores de temperaturas e alta umidade relativa do ar com 81%, e insolação com uma medida de 163,9w/m², e precipitação acumulada em 255,4mm, e a velocidade do vento em 0,497845 m/s. Constatou-se uma variação de temperaturas e da umidade relativa do ar e um diagnóstico da dinâmica climática urbana.
MODELAGEM HIDROCLIMATOLOGICA UTILIZANDO REDES NEURAIS MULTI LAYER PERCEPTRON EM BACIA HIDROGRÁFICA NO SUDOESTE DA AMAZÔNIA
Authors: Santos Neto Luiz Alves dos , Maniesi Vanderlei , Querino Carlos Alexandre Santos , Silva Marcelo José Gama da , Brown Vera Reis
Published: October 2020

O rio Acre apresentou, nos últimos anos, uma grande frequência de cheias nas cidades à sua margem, principalmente em Rio Branco, capital do estado do Acre. Na década atual ocorreram 2 das 3 maiores enchentes já observadas na capital acreana desde que se tem registro, que fizeram a cidade entrar em situação de emergência e provocou danos e prejuízos a toda população. O objetivo deste trabalho foi apresentar uma proposta de criação de um modelo hidroclimatológico com aplicação da técnica das Redes Neurais Artificiais (RNA) do tipo Multi Layer Perceptron. Dados mensais de Temperatura da Superfície do Mar (TSM) dos Oceanos Pacífico e Atlântico tropicais, além do Atlântico Sudoeste e de pressão média mensal em Darwin e Tahiti do período de 1971 até 2016 foram utilizados como dados de entrada da RNA. As previsões da cota máxima mensal com antecedência de 1 a até 4 meses foram feitas com simulações de 1 até 30 neurônios na camada escondida para cada horizonte de previsão e usado métricas de desempenho para avaliar sua eficiência do modelo. As simulações obtiveram índices satisfatórios e, dado sua eficiência, sugere-se sua aplicação nos órgãos gestores da Bacia Hidrográfica do rio Acre para conseguir se antecipar com meses de antecedência aos eventos de cheia e facilitar na mitigação de tomadas de decisão antes do acontecimento deste extremo hidrológico.
Effects of Phosphorus Fertilization on Hybrid Varieties of mungbean [Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek] in a Salinity Prone Area of the Subtropics
Authors: Jahan Mst. Nusrat , Barua Sushama , Ali Hasan , Ali Md. Noyon , Chowdhury Md. Sazzad Hossain , Hasan Md Mahmudul , Ferdous Tahmina , Eti Fatiha Sultana , Khayer Abul , Hossen Kawsar
Published: October 2020

A field experiment was conducted comprising two varieties of mungbean, BARI Mung-5 (V1) and BARI Mung-6 (V2), and five levels of phosphorus fertilizer: triple super phosphate [Ca(H2PO4)] viz. T1 (control), T2 (42.5 kg P ha−1), T3 (85 kg P ha−1), T4 (127.5 kg P ha−1), and T5 (170 kg P ha−1). The experiment was organized in a randomized complete block design with three replications. V1 produced the highest number of pods per plant (7.65), whereas the maximum 1,000-seed weight (49 g) was produced by V2. The maximum plant height (30.89 cm), number of branches per plant (8.55), number of leaves per plant (19.05), number of pods per plant (10.25), pod length (8.95 cm), number of seeds per pod (9.11), 1,000-seed weight (48.17 g), and yield (1.05 t ha−1) were obtained from the T4 treatment. The interaction of phosphorus levels and varieties had a considerable effect on the growth, yield, and yield attributes of mungbean. The highest number of leaves (20.44) and number of pods (10.39) were obtained from V1 when 127.5 kg P ha−1 (T4) was applied, whereas the maximum number of seeds per pod (9.25) and maximum pod length (9.09 cm) were obtained when  85 kg P ha−1 and 42.5 kg P ha−1, respectively, were used. The highest number of branches per plant (8.87), 1,000-seed weight (52.83 g), and the maximum seed yield (1.14 t ha−1) were achieved from the treatment V2T4 owing to the interactive effect of phosphorus dose and mungbean variety.
The Investigation on the Fabrication and Characterization of the Multicomponent Ceramics Based on PZT and the Relaxor PZN-PMnN Ferroelectric Materials
Authors: Dai Vuong Le , Thanh Tung Vo , Dinh Gio Phan
Published: October 2020

This chapter presents the investigation of fabrication and the physical properties of the Pb(Zr1−xTix)O3-Pb(Zn1/3Nb2/3)O3-Pb(Mn1/3Nb2/3)O3 multicomponent ceramics. The multicomponent yPb(Zr1−xTix)O3-(0.925 − y)Pb(Zn1/3Nb2/3)O3-0.075Pb(Mn1/3Nb2/3)O3 (PZT-PZN-PMnN) ceramics were synthesized by conventional solid-state reaction method (MO) combined with the B-site oxide mixing technique (BO). Research results show that the electrical properties of PZT-PZN-PMnN ceramics are optimal at a PZT content of 0.8 mol and Zr/Ti ratio of 48/52. At these contents, the ceramics have the following optimal properties: electromechanical coupling factor, kp = 0.62 and kt = 0.51; piezoelectric constant (d31) of 130 pC/N; mechanical quality factor (Qm) of 1112; dielectric loss (tan δ) of 0.005; high remanent polarization (Pr) of 30.4 μC.cm−2; and low coercive field (EC) of 6.2 kV.cm−1. Investigation of the domain structure of the two ferroelectric phases (tetragonal and rhombohedral) in the ZnO-doped PZT-PZN-PMnN with compositions at near the morphotropic phase boundary is described as follows: the 90 and 180° domains exist in the tetragonal phase, while the 71, 109, and 90° domains are located in the rhombohedral phase, and the widths of these domains were about 100 nm. Besides, the ceramics exhibited excellent temperature stability, which makes them a promising material for high-intensity ultrasound applications.
What Do We Need to Consider for Pain Management?
Authors: Chary Srini
Published: October 2020

Chronic pain in palliative care is viewed as an illness but remains as a subjective symptom. Hence, we must consider genetics, pain experience, coping skills, epigenetic effects, mental health, social determinants of health, interventions, and molecular biology. Acute pain transitions to chronic pain in some individuals following an injury, and there is poor evidence to stop such change. Acute, Chronic, and mixed pain can occur in patients with trauma, cancer, organ failure due to primary illness and other co-morbidities. The response to interventions may include biopsychosocial, non-pharmacological, surgery, radiation, chemotherapy, interventional radiology, pharmacological and depending upon survivorship, consider what is appropriate with peer reviewed medical evidence. Neurobiology is important in relation to physical and psychological issues; it affects an expression of pain. Manageable pain and relief are considered as being Human Right. Lack of adequate knowledge and treatment resources are common for care providers and patients. Cancer and noncancer pain ought to consider collaborating with interdisciplinary palliative approach, palliative care, and end of life care along with acute, chronic, and mixed pain management. Cancer patients with survivorship is increasing and risk management with chemicals, noncancer individuals appear similar. Barriers include health professional education, lack of treatment resources, medical, economic, ethical, and legal reasons. Pain management as an illness, care providers considers patient and family centered approach, useful to the community.
Occupational Heat Stress: A Technical Scan
Authors: Srinivasan Krishnan , Mohan Smisha , Berlin Raj T Jeneth
Published: October 2020

The trouble for every person is to competently interact with his/her environmental variables. India being a tropical country will have a huge impact on individuals’ health as a result of this global warming. Workers who are working in a hot environment pose an extra risk as they are exposed to additional heat in the workplace. The diversity in Indian climatic systems necessitates scientific study in different regions of the country. Methods to quantify the heat strain vary in different countries & different professional groups. Most of the previous studies on assessing the health effects have been conducted on simulation settings rather than actual field settings. Research in occupational heat stress is much needed to find out the health impacts and suitable intervention to protect workers health which subsequently reduces the morbidity.
Nabývání vlastnického práva k nedobrovolně pozbyté věci podle § 1110–1111 OZ
Authors: Dořičák Lukáš
Published: October 2020

Právní úprava nabytí vlastnického práva od neoprávněného pracuje s pojmy „věc pozbytá ztrátou“ či „věc odňatá svémocně“ (§ 1110 OZ) a „věc pozbytá činem povahy úmyslného trestného činu“ (§ 1111 OZ). Ve vztahu k těmto věcem je pak v § 1110–1111 OZ upraven jejich specifický právní režim. Účelem tohoto článku je u těchto věcí určit okamžik vzniku vlastnického práva a dale dovodit, k jakému okamžiku se posuzuje dobrá víra nabyvatele.
Vacatio legis – nenápadná změna tuzemského folklóru
Authors: Malaník Michal , Malaníková Klára
Published: October 2020

V současné době se často setkáváme s názorem, že právní předpisy se v České republice mění příliš rychle a příliš často. Tato přebujelost právního řádu je předmětem kritiky zástupců akademie i právní praxe. Přesto se dá naleznout řada právních norem, které jsou zářnými stálicemi, které se tomuto trendu nepoddávají. Tento článek se bude věnovat právě jedné z nich – operativní normě stanovující obecnou legisvakanční dobu mezi platností a účinností právních předpisů. Přestože se jedná o ustanovení právních předpisů, délka obecné legisvakanční doby je mezi právníky relativně neměnným folklórem, jehož znalost hraničí s notorietou. Tento článek upozorňuje na důležitou změnu koncepce legisvakanční doby, která zpočátku zůstala bez povšimnutí širší veřejnosti, a nabízí zamyšlení nad možnými implikacemi.
Medzinárodné diplomatické právo a medicína v podmienkach pandémie COVID-19
Authors: Rosputinský Peter
Published: October 2020

Právne postavenie diplomatov v zahraničí upravuje okrem iného aj medzinárodné diplomatické právo. Článok skúma, či sa toto právo prelína s medicínskymi otázkami a ak áno, ako. Článok identifikuje príslušné práva a povinnosti jednak na strane prijímajúceho štátu a jednak na strane diplomatických zástupcov vysielajúcich štátov, pričom dôraz kladie na všetky dotknuté diplomatické výsady a imunity. Podrobnejšie analyzuje najmä poskytovanie zdravotnej starostlivosti diplomatom v prijímajúcom štáte, účasť diplomatov na zdravotnom a úrazovom poistení v prijímajúcom štáte, ich povinné očkovanie v prijímajúcom štáte, odbery biologických materiálov diplomatom v prijímajúcom štáte, ako aj pitvy a karantény diplomatov v prijímajúcom štáte.
Guia de Orientação Para o Desenvolvimento de Projetos - GODP - Aplicado à Prática Projetual no Design de Moda
Authors:   Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina, Merino Giselle Schmidt Alves Díaz , Varnier Thiago , Makara Elen
Published: October 2020

A prática projetual do designer de moda está associada ao desenvolvimento de uma coleção, a qual passa por várias etapas até sua materialização e disponibilização no mercado. Assim, para coordenar sua criação, torna-se importante a aplicação de uma metodologia que auxilie e sistematize todo o processo de desenvolvimento do produto de vestuário. Desta maneira, este artigo tem como objetivo aplicar o Guia de Orientação para o desenvolvimento de Projetos, na prática projetual do Design de Moda. Foi utilizado a pesquisa aplicada, qualitativa de cunho descritivo, por meio de uma pesquisa bibliográfica. Os resultados apontam que o GODP aplicado a prática projetual do Design de moda, pode auxiliar os projetistas na compreensão das necessidades dos usuários e na gestão do processo operacional de desenvolvimento de vestuário. Contudo utilizar uma metodologia centrada no usuário permite a obtenção de informações relevantes para o projeto, além de levantar dados sobre o público-alvo, favorecendo o conforto, segurança e usabilidade das vestimentas.
A Cryptic BCR-PDGFRB Fusion Resulting in a Chronic Myeloid Neoplasm With Monocytosis and Eosinophilia: A Novel Finding With Treatment Implications
Authors: Gupta Sanjeev Kumar , Jain Nitin , Tang Guilin , Futreal Andrew , Wang Sa A. , Khoury Joseph D. , Yang Richard K. , Fang Hong , Patel Keyur P. , Luthra Rajyalakshmi , Routbort Mark , Barkoh Bedia A. , Chen Wei , Mao Xizeng , Zhang Jianhua , Medeiros L. Jeffrey , Bueso-Ramos Carlos E. , Loghavi Sanam
Published: October 2020

RNA-seq was used to identify the partner gene and confirm the presence of a BCR-PDGFRB fusion. Identification of this fusion product resulted in successful treatment and long-term remission of this myeloid neoplasm. Based on our results, we suggest that despite current WHO recommendations, screening for PDGFRB rearrangement in cases of leukocytosis with eosinophilia and no other etiologic explanation is necessary, even if the karyotype is normal.
THE EFFECT OF A VARNISH CONTAINING SELF-CURING RESIN ON THE SOFTNESS OF TWO TYPES OF TISSUE CONDITIONERS
Authors: GASEMİ Shima , SADR Katayoun , GHORBANİ Negar , ESMAİLZADEH Mahdieh , AKHGARİ Elaheh , BABALOO Amir Reza
Published: October 2020

Objectives: One of the limitations of tissue conditioners (TC) is the gradual hardening of the material in a short time after insertion in the mouth. This study aimed to determine the softness of two different tissue conditioners with and without the coating made up of 1,1,1trichloroethan and self-curing acrylic resin.Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, Acrosoft (Marlic, Tehran, Iran) and GC (GC corporation, Tokyo, Japan) tissue conditioners were examined. 28 discs of 20 x 3 mm dimensions were prepared for each tissue conditioner (n=14). Half of the samples in each group were coated with varnish coating made up of 1,1,1trichloroethan and self-curing acrylic resin. The hardness of all samples was measured at five intervals of 1,3,7,14, and28 days by a Shore-A Durometer with a conical indenter. The data were analyzed by descriptive statistics and Friedman analyses. P<0.05 was considered statistically significant.Results: The mean hardness of the GC and Acrosoft tissue conditioners on days 1, 3, 7, 14, and 28 in both varnish-coated and non-varnish-coated groups were statistically different and Acrosoft tissue conditioner was harder than the GC. In the paired mean hardness comparison on days 1, 3, 7, 14, and 28 in the GV and G0 groups: this trend was the same in AV and A0 groups. The comparison of hardness in the GV and G0 groups at each time interval indicated that only on day 3, the control group(G0) was harder than the surface coating group(GV). The comparison of the hardness in the AV and A0 groups showed that on days 3 and 7, the hardness in the control group (A0) was higher than the surface coating group(AV).Conclusions: The varnish containing self-curing resin can soften the Acrosoft and GC tissue conditioner in a short time. Moreover, this varnish can be clinically applied in the borders between the soft liner and acrylic denture, which is usually the starting point for debonding.
Un imperio emocional. Los matrimonios desiguales en la Provincia de Antioquia, siglo XVIII
Authors: Mejía Zea Érika
Published: October 2020

Objective/Context: The article argues that the lawsuits for unequal marriages in the Province of Antioquia, at the end of the 18th century, highlighted the emotional dimensions of the Spanish Empire by showing the strategies in language, practices, and dilemmas of those involved in these judicial proceedings, who sought to move within the limits of an emotional empire. Through policies such as the Pragmática Sanción of 1776 and the Real Cédula of 1778, to fend off unequal marriages in Spain and the colonies in America, the Empire endeavored to maintain and monitor the social order by controlling moral sentiments such as honor. Methodology: An analysis is made of how judicial mechanisms and ecclesiastical collaboration worked in cases of lawsuits for unequal marriages. Next, we debate how and who established the inequality or equality of those who wanted to marry. The concept of honor structuring an emotional empire, with the figure of the King as the father, brings us to a close. The research stems from an analysis of “unequal marriage” lawsuits in Antioquia at the end of the 18th century and the secondary bibliography about the family, the public and private life of Hispanic America in the 18th century, and the historiography of moral sentiments. Originality: The article contributes to transcending historiographic barriers by proposing that moral sentiments are crosscutting to the spheres of politics, the economy, and public and private life. We highlight that the Spanish Empire at the end of the 18th century functioned on the basis of an emotional regime of honor. Conclusions: We conclude that the Spanish Empire operated as an emotional regime, in which honor was the structuring element of the politics and the relations between the subjects and the King.
The tale of springs and streams: how different aquatic ecosystems impacted the mtDNA population structure of two riffle beetles in the Western Carpathians
Authors: Bozáňová Jana , Čiamporová Zat’ovičová Zuzana , Čiampor Jr Fedor , Mamos Tomasz , Grabowski Michał
Published: October 2020

The Western Carpathians are a particularly interesting part of the Carpathian Arc. According to recent molecular data upon aquatic and terrestrial taxa, this mountain area is an important biodiversity hotspot of Europe. Moreover, the W Carpathians include rich systems of karst springs inhabited by specific fauna, where molecular diversity and phylogeographic patterns are yet to be fully explored. Our study aims to compare population genetic structure and molecular diversity of two related and commonly co-occurring riffle beetles,Elmis aenea(PWJ Müller, 1806) andLimnius perrisi(Dufour, 1843) in the springs and streams of the W Carpathians using the mitochondrial DNA barcoding fragment of the cytochrome c oxidase subunit I gene (COI). The relatively stable thermal and chemical conditions of springs throughout unfavourable climatic settings make these highly specific lotic systems potentially ideal for a long-term survival of some aquatic biota. Populations of both elmid species were relatively homogeneous genetically, with a single dominant haplotype. However, we revealed thatE. aeneasignificantly dominated in the springs, whileL. perrisipreferred streams. Relative isolation of the springs and their stable conditions were reflected in significantly higher molecular diversity of theE. aeneapopulation in comparison toL. perrisi. The results of Bayesian Skyline Plot analysis also indicated the exceptional position of springs regarding maintaining the population size ofE. aenea. On the other hand, it seems that streams in the W Carpathians provide more effective dispersal channels forL. perrisi, whose population expanded much earlier compared toE. aenea. Present study points out that different demographic histories of these two closely related elmid species are manifested by their different habitat preference and molecular diversity.
Validation and clinical application of a targeted next-generation sequencing gene panel for solid and hematologic malignancies
Authors: Prieto-Potin Iván , Carvajal Nerea , Plaza-Sánchez Jenifer , Manso Rebeca , Aúz-Alexandre Carmen Laura , Chamizo Cristina , Zazo Sandra , López-Sánchez Almudena , Rodríguez-Pinilla Socorro María , Camacho Laura , Longarón Raquel , Bellosillo Beatriz , Somoza Rosa , Hernández-Losa Javier , Fernández-Soria Víctor Manuel , Ramos-Ruiz Ricardo , Cristóbal Ion , García-Foncillas Jesús , Rojo Federico
Published: October 2020

Background

Next-generation sequencing (NGS) is a high-throughput technology that has become widely integrated in molecular diagnostics laboratories. Among the large diversity of NGS-based panels, the Trusight Tumor 26 (TsT26) enables the detection of low-frequency variants across 26 genes using the MiSeq platform.

Methods

We describe the inter-laboratory validation and subsequent clinical application of the panel in 399 patients presenting a range of tumor types, including gastrointestinal (GI, 29%), hematologic (18%), lung (13%), gynecological and breast (8% each), among others.

Results

The panel is highly accurate with a test sensitivity of 92%, and demonstrated high specificity and positive predictive values (95% and 96%, respectively). Sequencing testing was successful in two-thirds of patients, while the remaining third failed due to unsuccessful quality-control filtering. Most detected variants were observed in the TP53 (28%), KRAS (16%), APC (10%) and PIK3CA (8%) genes. Overall, 372 variants were identified, primarily distributed as missense (81%), stop gain (9%) and frameshift (7%) altered sequences and mostly reported as pathogenic (78%) and variants of uncertain significance (19%). Only 14% of patients received targeted treatment based on the variant determined by the panel. The variants most frequently observed in GI and lung tumors were: KRAS c.35G > A (p.G12D), c.35G > T (p.G12V) and c.34G > T (p.G12C).

Conclusions

Prior panel validation allowed its use in the laboratory daily practice by providing several relevant and potentially targetable variants across multiple tumors. However, this study is limited by high sample inadequacy rate, raising doubts as to continuity in the clinical setting.
Mathematical achievement: the role of spatial and motor skills in 6–8 year-old children
Authors: Fernández-Méndez Laura M. , Contreras María José , Mammarella Irene Cristina , Feraco Tommaso , Meneghetti Chiara
Published: October 2020

Several studies have tried to establish the factors that underlie mathematical ability across development. Among them, spatial and motor abilities might play a relevant role, but no studies jointly contemplate both types of abilities to account for mathematical performance. The present study was designed to observe the roles of spatial and motor skills in mathematical performance. A total of 305 children aged between 6 and 8 years took part in this study. A generalized linear regression model with mathematical performance as a dependent variable was performed. Results revealed that Block design (as a visuospatial reasoning measure) accounted for mathematical performance, especially among 6- and 7-year-olds but not in 8-year-olds. After controlling for the effect of the block design, mental rotation and manual dexterity predicted mathematical performance. These findings highlight the role of underlying cognitive (spatial) and motor abilities in supporting mathematical achievement in primary school children.
The highly rearranged mitochondrial genomes of three economically important scale insects and the mitochondrial phylogeny of Coccoidea (Hemiptera: Sternorrhyncha)
Authors: Liu Hong-Ling , Chen Qing-Dong , Chen Song , Pu De-Qiang , Chen Zhi-Teng , Liu Yue-Yue , Liu Xu
Published: October 2020

The mitochondrial genomes (mitogenomes) of scale insects are less known in comparison to other insects, which hinders the phylogenetic and evolutionary studies of Coccoidea and higher taxa. Herein, the complete mitogenomes of Unaspis yanonensis, Planococcus citri and Ceroplastes rubens were sequenced for Coccoidea. The 15,220-bp long mitogenome of U. yanonensis contained the typical set of 37 genes including 13 PCGs, 22 tRNA genes and two rRNA genes; the 15,549-bp long mitogenome of P. citri lacked the tRNA gene trnV; the 15,387-bp long mitogenome of C. rubens exhibited several shortened PCGs and lacked five tRNA genes. The mitochondrial gene arrangement of the three mitogenomes was different from other scale insects and Drosophila yakuba. Most PCGs used standard ATN (ATA, ATT, ATC and ATG) start codons and complete TAN (TAA or TAG) termination codons. The ND4L had the highest evolutionary rate but COX1 and CYTB were the lowest. Most tRNA genes had cloverleaf secondary structures, whereas the reduction of dihydrouridine (DHU) arms and TψC arms were detected. Tandem repeats, stem-loop (SL) structures and poly-[TA]n stretch were found in the control regions (CRs) of the three mitogenomes. The phylogenetic analyses using Bayesian inference (BI) and maximum likelihood methods (ML) showed identical results, both supporting the inner relationship of Coccoidea as Coccidae + (Pseudococcidae + Diaspididae).
Master regulator genes and their impact on major diseases
Authors: Cai Wanwan , Zhou Wanbang , Han Zhe , Lei Junrong , Zhuang Jian , Zhu Ping , Wu Xiushan , Yuan Wuzhou
Published: October 2020

Master regulator genes (MRGs) have become a hot topic in recent decades. They not only affect the development of tissue and organ systems but also play a role in other signal pathways by regulating additional MRGs. Because a MRG can regulate the concurrent expression of several genes, its mutation often leads to major diseases. Moreover, the occurrence of many tumors and cardiovascular and nervous system diseases are closely related to MRG changes. With the development in omics technology, an increasing amount of investigations will be directed toward MRGs because their regulation involves all aspects of an organism’s development. This review focuses on the definition and classification of MRGs as well as their influence on disease regulation.
Striving for Balance and Resilience: Ontario Farmers’ Perceptions of Mental Health
Authors: Bondy Madeleine , Cole Donald C.
Published: October 2020

Farmers face multiple stressors and are becoming alert to mental health, yet their views are underresearched. We conducted, recorded, and thematically analyzed 16 semi-structured interviews with Ontario small-holder farmers recruited through county farm organizations. A subset mapped stress effects on their health. Farmers believed their health was fundamental to their farms’ viability and they approached challenges to their health and mental health similarly to how they would approach challenges to their farm. Health was a balancing act amidst stressors; good stress challenging them, and bad stress occasionally overwhelming them. Poor mental health was a barrier, while good mental health was essential for resilience. Multiple opportunities exist to work with farmers, farm organizations, and their rural communities to better support farmers striving for balance and resilience in their mental health.
Analysis of Heavy Metals Concentrations in Food Spices from Some Markets in Port Harcourt Meteropolis, Rivers State, Nigeria
Authors: Okwelle Austin A. , Pepple Tamunosisi F. Mac-
Published: October 2020

This study analysed the levels of some heavy metals like copper (Cu), cadmium (Cd), chromium(Cr), nickel (Ni) and lead (Pb) present in selected food spices widely used in Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria. The Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS) and wet digestion was used for analysis. The results revealed different concentrations of heavy metals in the food spices analysed. The mean and standard deviation of heavy metals across the samples revealed that copper had the highest concentration in tomatoes (15.45±5.09 mg/Kg), curry (10.30±2.03 mg/Kg), garlic (8.65±2.08 mg/Kg), onions (6.50±2.52 mg/Kg) and uda (6.15±3.75 mg/Kg) respectively. Chromium was only detected in curry (2.75±1.00 mg/Kg), pepper (0.65±0.02 mg/Kg) and salt (0.05±0.00 mg/kg). The detected level of nickel was high in tomatoes (6.90±4.89 mg/Kg), curry (4.09±1.90 mg/Kg), salt (6.15±3.70 mg/Kg) and onions (3.09±2.10 mg/Kg). Lead occurred more in uda (3.08±2.87 mg/Kg), tomatoes (3.80±1.28 mg/Kg), curry (2.86±1.34 mg/Kg) and salt (2.60±0.76 mg/Kg) respectively. Cadmium was not detected in any of the food spices, while in chilles spice no heavy metals was detected. The daily intake limit was calculated and compared with minimum risk level (MRL) values. The concentrations of lead in some of the food spices were much larger than those of MRL values. The regular consumption of the spices can lead to accumulation of these toxic heavy metals in human beings.
Physical and Mechanical Properties of Tissue Culture Banana Plantlets for the Design of Planting Mechanism
Authors: Prasad B. Hari , Sivakumar S. S. , Gunasekar J. John , Surendrakumar A. , Albert V. Alex
Published: October 2020

Aims: To design a mechanical transplanting mechanism for tissue culture banana plantlets, physical and mechanical properties such as mass, height of plantlet, pseudostem height from tray to first leaf, pseudostem diameter between root plug and first leaf, root plug dimension, moisture content of root plug, pulling force and compression resistance are needed.

Place and Duration of Study: Department of Farm Machinery and Power Engineering, AEC&RI, Kumulur, Department of Farm Machinery and Power Engineering, AEC&RI, Coimbatore and Post-Harvest Technology Centre, Coimbatore between August 2019 to December 2019.

Methodology: For three local varieties used by the farmers to culivate tissue culture banana namely ‘Grand Naine-G9’ (AAA), ‘Red Banana’ (AAA) and ‘Nendran’ (BAA), physical and mechanical properties were studied.

Results: ‘G9’, ‘Red Banana’ and ‘Nendran’ were 120.5±12.3, 117.2± 9.0 and 113.5±9.0 g mass and 379.3±21.72, 360±26.23, 467.6±13.06 mm height, pseudostem diameter near root plug was observed as 10.7 ± 1.0, 10.2 ± 0.8 and 10.9 ± 1.4 mm respectively. The height of pseudostem till the first leaf was minimum for ‘Red’ variety (37.1±4.3 mm), maximum for ‘Nendran’ (102.1±2.3 mm). The pulling force for three varieties were observed as 4.96±2, 4.97±1.1 and 5.05±1.6 N with little difference in-between them. The minimum compressive resistance offered by the three varieties are 47.16 ± 3.08, 46.42 ± 5.43 and 38.55 ± 1.86 N near the base and 44.07 ± 2.55, 37.89 ± 6.6 and 32.36 ± 1.58 N at 25 mm above root plug for ‘G9’, ‘Red’ and ‘Nendran’ respectively.

Conclusion: The maximum plantlet weight was observed as 132.8 mm for ‘G9’ variety and plantlet height as 480 mm for ‘Nendran’ variety. The minimum height of pseudostem till the first leaf was 31 mm for ‘Red’ variety and picking gripper height should be less than 30 mm. The minimum pulling force should be 7 N to remove the plantlet from the pro-tray and force applied by the gripper to hold the plantlet on pseudostem shouldn’t exceed 30 N.
Role of Monoaminergic Neurotransmission on the Antidepressant Effect of Leaf and Root Extracts of Rauwolfia vomitoria on the Locomotion and Immobility of Sprague-Dawley Rats
Authors: Asoro Iroghama I. , Ebuehi Osaretin A. T. , Ezikpe Mariam N. Igwo-
Published: October 2020

Rauwolfia vomitoria is one of the medicinal plants which is used traditionally to manage hypertension, diabetes and mental disorder. The scientific evidence to suggest its medicinal use especially in mental health treatment is lacking. This study aimed to investigate the antidepressant-like effect of the leaf and root extracts of R. vomitoria in the rat model using neurobehavioural indices; open field test and forced swimming test. Subsequently, the effect of the extracts on monoamine neurotransmitters system was investigated. The neurobehavioral response of rats by open field test and forced swim test showed that there was a reduction in the explorative tendencies of the rats administered the aqueous and ethanol root extracts (125, 250, 500 mg/kg) compared to the control while forced swim test reduced the immobility time of rats across all treatment groups except 500 mg/kg group. Neurotransmitter levels (serotonin, dopamine and norepinephrine) in plasma and brain of rats administered the different concentration of root extracts exhibited significant (p<0.05) increase. Thus, the mode of action may be due in part to the increase in monoamine levels or by suppression of the reuptake of the monoamine neurotransmitters. This study established that R. vomitoria root extract has antidepressant-like effect in rats.