bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Enhanced ENSO-Unrelated Summer Variability in the Indo–Western Pacific under Global Warming
Authors: Wang Chuan-Yang , Zheng Xiao-Tong , Xie Shang-Ping
Published: December 2022

El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) is an important but not the only source of interannual variability over the Indo–western Pacific. Non-ENSO forced variability in the region has received recent attention because of the implications for rainy-season prediction. Using a 35-member CESM1 Large Ensemble (CESM-LE) and 30 CMIP6 models, this study shows that the ensemble means project intensified interannual variability for precipitation, low-level winds, and sea level pressure under global warming, associated with the enhanced large-scale anomalous anticyclone (AAC) over the tropical northwestern (NW) Pacific after the ENSO signal is removed. A decomposition based on the column water vapor budget reveals that enhanced precipitation variability is due to the increased background specific humidity. The resultant anomalous diabatic heating intensifies the AAC, which further strengthens the precipitation anomalies. Over the tropical NW Pacific, the wind-induced evaporative cooling on the southeastern flank of the AAC is countered by the increased shortwave radiation due to the strengthened precipitation reduction. Tropospheric temperature anomalies in the ensemble means show no significant change, suggesting no apparent change of the interbasin positive feedback between the AAC and northern Indian Ocean SST. Intermodel analysis based on CMIP6 reveals that models with a larger increase in ENSO-unrelated precipitation variability over the NW Pacific are associated with stronger background warming in the eastern equatorial Pacific, due to the modulated Walker and Hadley circulations.
Yield of Emergency Department Stool Culture Tests Among Children With Acute Gastroenteritis in Israel
Authors: Ben-Nun Yaari Efrat , Rosenbloom Ehud , Paitan Yossi , Zifman Eyal
Published: December 2022

Previous studies have attempted to predict a positive stool culture in pediatric patients with acute gastroenteritis (AGE), but most of them are either from developing countries or are outdated. In all, 276 patients with AGE and 560 control patients were analyzed for differences in clinical factors including the presence of fever, highest recorded temperature, bloody diarrhea, number of bowel movements in 24 hours prior to presentation, and the presence of seizures, as well as laboratory parameters including leukocyte count and C-reactive protein (CRP). Positive stool sample rate was 13.7%. The most common bacterial pathogen was Campylobacter jejuni. Bacterial AGE was significantly associated with fever >37.9°C, bloody diarrhea, higher stool passing frequency, seizures, and CRP levels. For pediatric patients who present to the emergency department with AGE and present without bloody diarrhea, fever, frequent stool passing, or seizures, a stool culture test is of poor yield and may not be necessary.
Tempering the Taste for Vengeance: Information About Prisoners and Policy Choices in Chile
Authors: Cafferata Fernando G. , Gingerich Daniel W. , Scartascini Carlos
Published: December 2022

Punitive anti-crime policies in the Americas have contributed to steadily increasing rates of incarceration. Harsh penalties are often demanded by citizens, making them attractive to politicians. Yet the contextual determinants of participation in crime are rarely understood by the public. In this article, we employ a survey experiment conducted in Chile in order to examine how the provision of information about the prison population shapes tastes for punitive anti-crime policies. Respondents in the treatment group received information about the low educational attainment of prisoners. This information led to substantial changes in policy preferences. Tasked with allocating resources to anti-crime policies using a fixed budget, treated respondents assigned between 20% and 50% more to socially oriented anti-crime policies (relative to punitive policies) than respondents in the control group, and they reduced their support for “ iron fist” policing. Our findings suggest that providing information to citizens might change the policy equilibrium in the Americas.
The Longitudinal Relationship between Jaw Catching/Locking and Pain
Authors: Ilgunas A. , Häggman-Henrikson B. , Visscher C.M. , Lobbezoo F. , Durham J. , Liv P. , Lövgren A.
Published: December 2022

Orofacial pain and joint-related dysfunction can negatively affect daily jaw function. A common cause for limitations in jaw movements is joint-related dysfunction such as various forms of catching and locking. However, knowledge is limited regarding the development and natural course of joint-related jaw dysfunction and its relationship to the onset and course of orofacial pain. Therefore, the aim was to evaluate the incidence, prevalence, and gender differences in jaw catching/locking over time and in relation to orofacial pain in the general population. Data from 3 validated screening questions on orofacial pain and jaw catching/locking were collected from all routine dental checkups in the Public Dental Health Services in Västerbotten, Sweden, from 2010 to 2017. Logistic generalized estimating equation was used to account for repeated observations and Poisson regression for incidence analysis. In total, 180,308 individuals (aged 5–104 y) were screened in 525,707 dental checkups. In 2010, based on 37,647 individuals, the prevalence of self-reported catching/locking was higher in women than in men (3.2% vs. 1.5%; odds ratio, 2.11; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.83–2.43), and this relationship and magnitude remained similar throughout the study period. The annual incidence rate was 1.1% in women and 0.5% in men. Women were at a higher risk than men for reporting both first onset (incidence rate ratio [IRR], 2.29; 95% CI, 2.11–2.49) and persistent (IRR, 2.31; 95% CI, 2.04–2.63) catching/locking. For the onset subcohort ( n = 135,801), an independent onset of orofacial pain or jaw catching/locking exclusively was reported by 84.1%, whereas a concurrent onset was reported by 13.4%. Our findings of higher incidence, prevalence, and persistence in women than in men indicate that the gender differences seen for orofacial pain are evident also for jaw catching/locking. The findings also suggest independent onset of self-reported catching/locking and orofacial pain, which reinforces the pathophysiological differences between these conditions.
International prices and continuing conflict: Theory and evidence from sub-Saharan Africa (1980–2017)
Authors: Caruso Raul , Echevarria-Coco Jon
Published: December 2022

This article presents a theoretical model of conflict between two parties in a two-sector economy. In a ‘contested’ sector, they struggle to appropriate the maximum possible fraction of a contestable output. In an ‘uncontested’ sector, they hold secure property rights over the production of some goods. Parties split their resource endowment between ‘butter’ and ‘guns’ (in the contested sector) and ‘ice cream’ (in the uncontested sector). The model predicts that the optimal level of ‘guns’ depends positively on the price of ‘butter’ and negatively on the price of ‘ice cream’. Theoretical results are tested by means of a panel analysis of sub-Saharan African countries for the period 1980–2017. The results show that international prices of manufactures (interpreted as the uncontested ice cream sector) are negatively associated with arms imports and military expenditure, so confirming the theoretical prediction. In addition, world prices of some commodities are positively associated with arms imports and military expenditure.
The dynamics of Appraisal II: a meta-analysis of the relationship between fortitude and the indices of psychological well-being
Authors: Pretorius Tyrone Brian , Padmanabhanunni Anita , Isaacs Serena Ann
Published: December 2022

Identifying the factors that contribute to differential vulnerability in the face of adversity is key to psychology fulfilling its mandate as a helping profession. One such factor, fortitude, which is described as the psychological strength to manage adversity and to stay well, has consistently been linked to psychological well-being. The objective of the research was to statistically integrate studies examining the relationship between fortitude and the indices of psychological well-being by using a meta-analysis. We used a random-effects model for the meta-analysis. In addition to the overall effect size, we examined publication bias and the moderating role of age and methodological quality. We also performed a subgroup analysis to compare between studies with positive and negative indicators of psychological well-being. In addition, we used robust variance estimation to account for effect-size dependencies, as some studies have reported more than one correlation coefficient. A total of 13 studies reporting 35 correlation coefficients pertaining to the relationship between fortitude and the indices of psychological well-being were extracted. The meta-analysis revealed a significant overall effect ( r = .44, p < .001). The results also indicated that age and methodological quality did not influence the effect size. Subgroup analysis indicated that the overall effect size for studies that used positive indicators ( r = .49, p < .001) was higher than that for studies that used negative indicators ( r = .36, p < .001). In addition, no visual or statistical evidence of publication bias was observed. The robust variance estimation results also confirmed that the effect-size dependencies did not influence the overall effect size. The study results provide strong evidence regarding the association between fortitude and psychological well-being. This finding has several implications for promoting mental health and suggests that interventions aimed at building fortitude can be leveraged to mitigate psychological distress.
An adaptive control framework for a class of nonlinear time-delay systems
Authors: Nguyen Kim-Doang
Published: December 2022

This paper aims to formulate an adaptive control framework capable of producing desirable tracking performance for uncertain nonlinear systems with an unknown delay in the control input and a nonlinear control coefficient matrix. Since the control framework inherits common components of the classical model-reference adaptive controller (MRAC), it is easy to implement with a low barrier to entry. In addition, the work shows that the deviation of the state of the proposed control scheme from an ideal dynamics system is bounded given that the delays are within a certain margin. Simulation results are presented to illustrate the theoretical contribution and demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed controller in comparison with an existing competing controller. The limitation of this control framework is also discussed with a suggestion for overcoming the limitation toward the end of the paper.
Speculation on infrastructural ecology: Pigeons, Gaza, and internet access
Authors: Tawil-Souri Helga
Published: December 2022

This article proposes an Internet Pigeon Network as a prototype and a critique. As a prototype, it is a speculation for a community-organized, affordable, resilient internet infrastructure for the Gaza Strip that brings together different modes of building communication networks: one draws on millennia-long history of the pigeon post and the other on contemporary local WiFi and do-it-yourself networks. As a critique, it is a commentary on the possibility of establishing an infrastructure that is equitable, adaptable, sustainable, and grounded by the collaborative effort between humans, animals, and the environment that sets it in motion. The article discusses such a prototype’s implications on mobility and the goal of an infrastructural ecology.
Endothelial progenitor cell transplantation attenuates synaptic loss associated with enhancing complement receptor 3-dependent microglial/macrophage phagocytosis in ischemic mice
Authors: Ma Yuanyuan , Liu Ze , Jiang Lu , Wang Liping , Li Yongfang , Liu Yanqun , Wang Yongting , Yang Guo-Yuan , Ding Jing , Zhang Zhijun
Published: December 2022

Endothelial progenitor cell (EPC) transplantation has therapeutic effects in cerebral ischemia. However, how EPCs modulate microglial activity remains unclear. In the study, we explored whether EPCs modulated microglial/macrophage activity and facilitated injured brain repair. Adult male mice (n = 184) underwent transient middle cerebral artery occlusion, and EPCs were transplanted into the brain immediately after ischemia. Microglial/macrophage activity and complement receptor 3 (CR3) expression were evaluated in ischemic brains and cultured microglia. CR3 agonist leukadherin-1 was administrated into mice immediately after ischemia to imitate the effects of EPCs. Synaptophysin and postsynaptic density protein 95 (PSD-95) expressions were detected in EPC- and leukadherin-1 treated mice. We found that EPC transplantation increased the number of M2 microglia/macrophage-phagocytizing apoptotic cells and CR3 expression in ischemic brains at 3 days after ischemia ( p < 0.05). EPC-conditional medium or cultured EPCs increased microglial migration and phagocytosis and upregulated CR3 expression in cultured microglia under oxygen-glucose deprivation condition ( p < 0.05). Leukadherin-1 reduced brain atrophy volume and neurological deficits at 14 days after ischemia ( p < 0.05). Both EPC transplantation and leukadherin-1 increased synaptophysin and PSD-95 expression at 14 days after ischemia ( p < 0.05). EPC transplantation promoted CR3-mediated microglial/macrophage phagocytosis and subsequently attenuated synaptic loss. Our study provided a novel therapeutic mechanism for EPCs.
Contemporary class composition analysis: The politics of production and the autonomy of the political
Authors: Pitts Frederick Harry
Published: December 2022

The political and organisational routes opened up on the contemporary left following the financial crisis have seen a revival of class composition analysis as a means of comprehending a broad array of social and economic phenomena both within and beyond the workplace. Contextualising contemporary class composition analysis as a long-standing component of autonomist Marxism, this article argues that its application amid the left’s electoral turn exposes to scrutiny deeper-running weaknesses. The article first presents a history of class composition analysis through operaismo into postoperaismo. The second part of the article discusses four interconnected new directions in class composition analysis: Hardt and Negri’s Assembly; the analysis of social composition offered by the Notes from Below collective; Keir Milburn’s analysis of ‘generation left’; and, finally, the uptake of some of these ideas among commentators on the left of the British Labour Party like Paul Mason. The article then discusses the theoretical and strategic implications of these contributions through the prism of critiques of class composition analysis put forward by other theorists in the autonomist Marxist tradition. Noting the possible limitations confronting the application of class composition analysis to contemporary challenges faced by the post-crisis left, the penultimate section considers Labour Process Theory as a theoretical alternative implicit in recent critiques of contemporary class composition analysis, arguing that while Labour Process Theory’s analysis of the ‘politics of production’ captures the contingency of the connection between the workplace and formal politics, it leaves unresolved the lack of a distinctive theory of the latter on the contemporary left. The final section reconnects the discussion to the legacy of operaismo by exploring Mario Tronti’s recently translated work on the ‘autonomy of the political’ as a more substantial articulation of the specificity of politics against the backdrop of class conflict at the point of production. The conclusion relates this back to recent strategic issues in the Labour Party and broader labour movement.
Effect of high temperature on mechanical properties and porosity of carbon fiber/epoxy composites
Authors: Wen Junjie , Wu Yi , Hou Xiao , Yan Mi , Xiao Yachao
Published: December 2022

In this study, the mechanical behavior and porosity of a T700/epoxy composite material under high temperature conditions were investigated. The 0°/90° compression, tensile, interlaminar, and in-plane shear experiments of composite samples were performed at temperatures from 23°C to 170°C. The true strain–stress curves of composite samples were obtained. The cross section and fracture regions of the tested samples were analyzed by Scanning Electron Microscopy and X-ray tomography to understand the microstructure property relationships. It was observed that the mechanical performance of carbon fiber/epoxy composites generally decreased with increasing temperature. By comparing the fracture morphology, it was found that the fracture mechanism of the composites changed from interfacial debonding to matrix failure with increasing temperature. Three-dimensional visualization of porosities after mechanical experiments under high temperature conditions was reconstituted from X-ray tomography scan images. The results showed that the porosity fraction of the tested samples under high temperature conditions was generally higher than that under lower temperature conditions. Moreover, for the 90° tensile test, the diameter of the pores was mainly located at 4–12 μm and was almost constant along different distances to the failure edge. Meanwhile, compared with the tensile test, larger size of pores in samples of 90° compression tests were observed.
Marketing's Role in Promoting the Common Good: A Systematic Examination and an Agenda for Future Inquiry
Authors: DeBerry-Spence Benét , Trujillo-Torres Lez E. , Sengupta Rumela , Matsumoto Kohei , Chen Jia
Published: December 2022

The pursuit of the common good is an important endeavor in business and marketing. The benefits of this pursuit to society are reflected in the increasing number of journal special issues dedicated to common good–related research and the recent observation that the marketing discipline is supportive of business research as a catalyst for positive change. Despite its importance, little is known about the nature of the common good within marketing scholarship. This article presents a systematic, multimethod inquiry to assess the representation and impact of the common good, with a focus on equity. The authors analyze publications in the Journal of Public Policy & Marketing and marketing journals on the Financial Times 50 list. This work acknowledges the significant influence of the United Nations Millennium Development Goals and Sustainable Development Goals on global policy and the benefits to people around the world. It also responds to the call for marketing scholars to pay more attention to the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals. The authors use insights from their inquiry to identify a promising agenda for future research that contributes to the promotion of the common good in relation to eradicating poverty, improving health, achieving universal education, and promoting gender equality.
Progress Update on the Epidemiology of COVID-19 Variants and the Assessment Status of Developed Vaccines
Authors: Venugopala Katharigatta N.
Published: December 2022

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) has spread rapidly and diffused to more than 180 countries at varying severities. This pandemic has accounted for increased mortality and morbidity in developed as well as developing nations. The WHO has announced that there is a persistent need for the evaluation of the COVID-19 vaccine effectiveness (VE) against major outcomes, which include severe diseases, symptomatic COVID-19, and mortalities related to COVID-19. Therefore, mass vaccination programs using vaccines of high effectiveness are among the strategies that have been used by governments worldwide to impede the COVID-19 pandemic transmission. In this regard, massive efforts were made by governments, scientists, biomedical researchers, and healthcare professionals leading to the successful development of various vaccines to bring this pandemic under control. This editorial aims to shed light on the epidemiological status of COVID-19 variants, namely, Delta, Omicron, and Deltacron variants as well as discuss the effectiveness of the currently available COVID-19 vaccines.
Historical Gendered Institutional Violence: A Research Agenda for Criminologists
Authors: Black Lynsey , Ring Sinéad
Published: December 2022

This article considers the phenomenon of historical gendered institutional harm, examining the widespread incarceration of women and girls in Ireland through the decades following independence in 1922. In this period, thousands of women and girls were confined in a network of sites including Magdalene Laundries and Mother and Baby Homes. The article considers the responses to this history, focusing on those fields which concern themselves with matters of “wrongdoing” and “harm,” responses grounded in law and legalism. We explore both the utility and the limits of these approaches before proposing a criminological research agenda which draws on the centrality of the state in the perpetration of gendered violence. Although Ireland has become a by-word as a case of historical institutional abuse internationally, it remains remarkably understudied by criminologists. The article explores how the Irish example can speak to the discipline of criminology by forcing us to reimagine how we conceive of gendered harms and state-perpetrated harms.
The Consequences of Childhood Emotional Abuse: A Systematic Review and Content Analysis
Authors: Korolevskaia Anastasiia , Yampolskaya Svetlana
Published: December 2022

Emotional abuse is a prevalent type of child maltreatment and is associated with various adverse outcomes. Although it rarely occurs in isolation, emotional abuse has been linked to unique outcomes that differ from physical and sexual abuse. This study aimed to explore unique outcomes of emotional abuse and to determine which outcomes are the most prevalent. A systematic review and content analysis of peer-reviewed articles were conducted. Results indicated that emotional abuse is positively associated with mental health, behavioral health, and all health problems. These findings suggest that psychopathology is the most prevalent outcome of child emotional abuse. Implications of this work highlight the importance of prevention for at risk caregivers and the need for legal interventions in severe cases.
Reoperation for Hirschsprung Disease: Two cases of Vanishing Ganglion Cells and Review of the Literature
Authors: Vickery Jasmine M. , Shehata Bahig M. , Chang Eric P. , Husain Aliya N.
Published: December 2022

Hirschsprung disease (HD) is characterized by circumferential aganglionosis of the rectum with variable proximal bowel involvement. The underlying pathogenesis is due to failure of caudal migration of neural crest cells during pre-natal development, causing functional bowel obstruction. Definitive therapy is surgical resection; however, a subset of patients will require reoperation. An important cause of reoperation is the rare but distinct entity described as the ganglion cell “vanishing” phenomenon. In this phenomenon, affected patients have normal circumferential ganglion cells present at the proximal margin during primary resection. They undergo a variable asymptomatic period post-primary resection but ultimately develop recurrent symptoms. Upon reoperation, ganglion cells seemingly vanish and are no longer present in the previously functioning and ganglionated bowel proximal to the initial anastomotic site. To further characterize and investigate this poorly understood pathology, here we present 2 cases of HD patients who required reoperation. Our small series implicates that an immune component may contribute as patient 2 had a brisk neurotrophic eosinophilic infiltrate only present in the reoperation specimen. However, this was not observed in patient 1. Other possible etiologies include post-operative ischemia/hypoxia, visceral neuropathy, or signaling abnormalities within the residual ganglion cells themselves.
Expanding the Spectrum of Perioral Myogenic Tumors in Pediatric Patients: An SRF::NCOA2 Fused Perivascular Tumor of the Philtrum
Authors: Slack Jonathan C. , Hollowell Monica L. , Khouri Kimberly S. , Church Alanna J. , Ganske Ingrid M. , Delano Sophia , Al-Ibraheemi Alyaa
Published: December 2022

Background:

Perivascular tumors, which include myopericytoma and myofibroma, are rare benign soft tissue neoplasms composed of perivascular smooth muscle cells. Most demonstrate characteristic morphology and are readily diagnosed. However, a recently identified hypercellular subset shows atypical histologic features and harbor unique SRF gene fusions. These cellular perivascular tumors can mimic other more common sarcomas with myogenic differentiation.

Methods:

Clinical, radiological, morphological, immunohistochemical, and molecular findings were reviewed.

Results:

A slow-growing, fluctuant mass was noted within the philtrum at 16 months. Ultrasonography revealed a well-circumscribed cystic hypoechoic lesion. A small (1.0 cm), tan, well-circumscribed soft-tissue mass was excised after continued growth. Histologically, the encapsulated tumor was hypercellular and composed of spindle cells with predominantly-storiform architecture, focal perivascular condensation, dilated branching thin-walled vessels, increased mitoses, and a smooth muscle immunophenotype. An SRF::NCOA2 fusion was identified.

Conclusion:

We report the first case of an SRF-rearranged cellular myopericytoma in the perioral region in a young child. This case expands the differential diagnosis of perioral soft tissue tumors with myogenic differentiation. We highlight key clinical, pathological, and molecular features. As we illustrate, these rare tumors pose a considerable diagnostic challenge, and risk misdiagnosis as sarcoma, most notably spindle cell rhabdomyosarcoma.
Planned or unplanned? Understanding the shopping behaviors and experiences of tourists
Authors: Baek Eunsoo , Park Sangwon
Published: December 2022

As borders reopen after years of lockdown due to the pandemic, the tourism economy is recovering and creating a wave of consumer demand. Travelers are expected to be more conscious of planning a trip and embarking to a destination. Therefore, it is necessary to comprehensively understand tourist behaviors. This study proposes the concept of planned and unplanned tourist shoppers, based on whether shopping is a primary trip goal for travelers. The findings reveal that shopping and experiences vary by tourist shopper types. This study provides a novel insight into destination marketing for tourist shoppers.
Research on dynamic characteristics of cracked gear pair considering time-varying friction
Authors: Mo Shuai , Hu Xiaosong , Wang Dongdong , Bao Heyun , Cen Guojian , Huang Yunsheng
Published: December 2022

During the actual operation of gears, phenomena such as friction and cracking occur. Based on the energy method, a time-varying mesh stiffness solution model of the gear pair is established, and a dynamics model of the gear transmission system is built, and the sensitivity of the vibration signal and its response is analysed using wavelet transform as well as statistical indicators. The results show that cracks promote the effect of friction on the mesh stiffness as they enter the mesh. Friction will make the vibration displacement increase, and crack will cause vibration displacement to produce vibration shock, the wavelet diagram at the crack will become bright, kurtosis is the most effective indicator to determine the crack damage, which provides a theoretical basis to study the dynamic characteristics of friction and crack under actual working conditions and vibration and noise reduction.
Typical products for outside audiences: The role of typicality when products traverse countries
Authors: Ubisch Sverre , Wang Pengfei
Published: December 2022

While organization theorists have established the importance of typicality, most studies examine situations where producers and audiences dwell within the same category system (e.g. a country, industry, or market). However, much less attention is paid to the role of typicality when products are introduced from one system to another. Since defining what is typical is commonly system-specific, typical products in one category system may be perceived as being atypical in others. It is therefore important to understand how typicality shapes market exchanges when products traverse category systems. To shed light on this, we introduce two key concepts—home typicality and host typicality—and examine specifically how they affect the performance of products distributed across countries. By analyzing a large sample of films, we find that films are more successful in international markets, when they are more typical of their home countries and/or more atypical of their host countries.
Meditations on an Expanded, Narrative Inquiry Methodology Combining Clinical Dynamic Understanding and Biography
Authors: Kulsa Mila Kirstie C.
Published: December 2022

As a meditation on a method of narrative inquiry, this paper describes an ongoing project which integrates a narrative, portrait-based approach to clinical storytelling with a clinically-focused dialogical process. Expanding upon previous narrative work completed by Michael O’Loughlin and colleagues, this research is a single-case, longitudinal, qualitative exploratory study of an individual who has struggled with psychosis, been exposed to the psychiatric care system, and transmuted their life history through artistic sublimation. In addition to producing a biographical portrait, the purpose of this study’s expanded methodology is to invite a reflective, dialogical process that allows for autobiographical engagement, verification and co-construction of the emerging life story, and deepening conversations about the complexities of human struggle. It is my hope that, through a version of dialogical exchange and narrative practice in the tradition of Michael White, this research provides a way in which clinicians and researchers can facilitate curative, biographical spaces for those with painful lived experience and inherited trauma. By receiving, tracking, and validating human thought and experience, this work aims to combine the portraiture of rendering a life with an in-depth exploration of the complexities of and intersectionality between subjectivity, severe psychiatric distress, creativity, counter-storying, and narrative healing.
Design of point-type heavy load connection and low impact separation mechanism based on energy flow analysis
Authors: Wang Gang , Yao Yimeng , Wang Jingtian , Yang Fei , Yue Honghao , Zhang Yuliang
Published: December 2022

In this paper, based on the development of the non-pyrotechnic low impact connection and separation device for heavy load connection of large space vehicles, the design method of connection and separation device is studied. The traditional heavy load connection separation device has a strong loading capacity, but the release of system energy will cause a huge impact during separation. This paper considers the transfer of impact energy in the mechanism design process, reduces separation impact based on energy flow analysis. Based on the analysis of the DOF (Degree of Freedom) constraint function of the separation system and the working requirements of the separation mechanism, the movability model of separation system was established. According to the research on DOF constraints and release, the key of force constraints in DOF constraints of the separation mechanism is obtained, and the separation mechanism that can implement the force constraints and release is analyzed. Furthermore, based on the energy flow analysis of the separation mechanism, the design method of the low impact separation mechanism is proposed, obtained a non-self-locking thread pair connection separation mechanism. The effectiveness of the design method was verified by the energy conversion analysis of the separation mechanism.
Community pharmacists’ perceptions of the CARD (Comfort Ask Relax Distract) system for use during vaccinations
Authors: Gudzak Victoria , Freedman Tamlyn , Logeman Charlotte , Bucci Lucie M. , Taddio Anna
Published: December 2022

Introduction:

We explored Canadian community pharmacists’ perceptions of the CARD (Comfort Ask Relax Distract) system, a vaccine delivery framework that integrates evidence-based interventions that reduce immunization stress-related responses (ISRRs). The objective was to introduce CARD to pharmacists and obtain their feedback to guide future implementation efforts for community pharmacy-based vaccinations.

Methods:

Eighteen pharmacists across all provinces participated in one-on-one moderated virtual interviews. A semistructured interview guide was used to guide the discussion and included questions about experiences with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccine administration and perceptions of CARD as a framework for vaccination delivery in the pharmacy. In this report, we focus on feedback about CARD. Interviews were audio-recorded and transcribed verbatim and deductively coded using the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR).

Results:

The study was conducted from May 28 to August 16, 2021. Pharmacists’ responses were categorized in 3 CFIR domains: intervention characteristics, inner setting and characteristics of individuals. Overall, pharmacists were receptive towards CARD and thought it filled a current gap in practice, particularly for childhood vaccinations. Pharmacists reported learning techniques to make vaccinations more comfortable for their clients. They provided feedback on how specific interventions could be adapted for their practice (e.g., dissemination of client-directed education via appointment booking portals, provision of distraction items in waiting and vaccinating spaces).

Discussion:

This study provided preliminary evidence that pharmacists found CARD acceptable and appropriate for community pharmacy-based vaccinations. The data collected from this study were used to inform a small-scale implementation project with CARD during COVID-19 vaccine administration in children aged 5 to 11 years.
Contextual dynamics in lexical encoding across the ageing spectrum: A simulation study
Authors: Johns Brendan T , Taler Vanessa , Jones Michael N
Published: December 2022

The field of psycholinguistics has recently questioned the primacy of word frequency (WF) in influencing word recognition and production, instead focusing on the importance of a word’s contextual diversity (CD). WF is operationalised by counting the number of occurrences of a word in a corpus, while a word’s CD is a count of the number of contexts that a word occurs in, with repetitions within a context being ignored. Numerous studies have converged on the conclusion that CD is a better predictor of word recognition latency and accuracy than frequency. These findings support a cognitive mechanism based on the principle of likely need over the principle of repetition in lexical organisation. In the current study, we trained the semantic distinctiveness model on communication patterns in social media platforms consisting of over 55-billion-word tokens and examined the ability of theoretically distinct models to explain word recognition latency and accuracy data from over 1 million participants from the Mandera et al. English Crowdsourding Project norms, consisting of approximately 59,000 words across six age bands ranging from ages 10 to 60 years. There was a clear quantitative trend across the age bands, where there is a shift from a social environment-based attention mechanism in the “younger” models, to a clear dominance for a discourse-based attention mechanism as models “aged.” This pattern suggests that there is a dynamical interaction between the cognitive mechanisms of lexical organisation and environmental information that emerges across ageing.
Current situation and progress of drugs for reducing intraocular pressure
Authors: Liu Peiyu , Wang Feifei , Song Yuning , Wang Menghui , Zhang Xu
Published: December 2022

Glaucoma, the most common cause of irreversible blindness worldwide, usually causes characteristic optic nerve damage. Pathological intraocular pressure (IOP) elevation is a major risk factor. Drug reduction of IOP is the preferred treatment for clinicians because it can delay the progression of disease. However, the traditional IOP-lowering drugs currently used by patients may be poorly tolerated. Therefore, in recent years, some new drugs have been put into clinical application or in clinical phase I–III studies. They have a better IOP-lowering effect and fewer adverse reactions. Because glaucoma is a chronic disease, drugs need to be administered continuously for a long time. For patients, good compliance and high drug bioavailability have a positive effect on the prognosis of the disease. Therefore, clinicians and scientists have developed drug delivery systems to solve this complex problem. In addition, natural compounds and dietary supplements have a good effect of reducing IOP, and they can also protect the optic nerve through antioxidant action. We summarize the current traditional drugs, new drugs, sustained-release drug delivery systems, and complementary drugs and outline the mechanism of action and clinical effects of these drugs on glaucoma and their recent advances.
Causes of and Modifiable Factors Contributing to Neonatal Deaths at Dora Nginza Hospital in the Eastern Cape, South Africa
Authors: Nieuwoudt Liesl , Mackay Cheryl Anne , Mda Siyazi
Published: December 2022

Dora Nginza Hospital (DNH) has a neonatal mortality rate higher than global and national averages. In 2015 to 2016 the neonatal mortality rate in South Africa was 18.1/1000 live births compared with 31.3/1000 live births at DNH. A retrospective study was conducted including neonates less than 28 days of life with a birth weight ≥500 g that demised in DNH neonatal unit. The NMR for the study period was 17.7/1000 live births. There were 101 (70.6%) early and 42 (29.4%) late neonatal deaths. Causes of death included infection (n = 47; 32.9%), immaturity-related (n = 42; 29.4%), congenital abnormalities (n = 26; 18.2%), hypoxia (n = 24; 16.8%) and other (n = 4; 2.8%). There were significant associations between cause of death and administrative-related factors ( P < .01), health-personnel related factors ( P < .001) and patient-related factors ( P = .01). Key strategies to be implemented include improving infection prevention and control, appropriate resource allocation, improved attendance and quality of antenatal care, ongoing skills training, and interventions to maintain normothermia.
Let’s All Go to the Movies, Together: A Social Cognitive Perspective on Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion in Management Education Video Clips
Authors: Liu Joseph T. , Breidenthal Amy P. , Schaffer Bryan
Published: December 2022

While video clips have undoubtedly advanced the practice of management education, social cognitive theory suggests that new sources of video clips may augment ongoing diversity, equity, and inclusion (DE&I) efforts in management classrooms and organizations. In this article, we begin by reviewing social cognitive theory research that points to links between video clips and DE&I outcomes that are part of many management classes and training curricula. Based on this social cognitive theory perspective, we discuss how management educators might foster learning and inclusion in management classrooms and organizations by incorporating video clips with a greater variety of demographic populations in managerial and organizationally impactful roles. To this end, we also provide a list of video resources that can be used to refresh or supplement the resources currently being used in undergraduate, graduate, online (synchronous and asynchronous), executive education, and corporate training courses that may present more homogeneous casts.
Geopolitical priorities, governance gaps, and heritage subjectivities: The perils of heritage-making in the post-disaster reconstruction in Nepal
Authors: Sengupta Urmi
Published: December 2022

Natural disasters are becoming more frequent around the world, causing extensive damage to both the physical and social fabric of cities and towns. Reconstruction of a city’s architecture and built heritage becomes a priority to safeguard lives, livelihoods, traditions, and cultures. The process, however, is replete with conflict and mediation between different tiers of governance resulting in a complex ‘heritagescape’. Drawing on the post-disaster reconstruction of Durbar Square, one of the seven World Heritage Sites in Kathmandu, Nepal, this paper demonstrates how heritage reconstruction sites serve as a stage for broadcasting geopolitical interests, national agendas, and subnational motives. Global actors and donor agencies appropriate heritage and legitimize their actions within the context of weak institutions, informal governance, and lack of formal plans and policies. This is resisted and re-worked by local groups through the cracks in the post-disaster reconstruction landscape. The paper draws on the fieldwork conducted between 2016-2019 supported by interviews with 47 individuals representing 13 organizations involved in the reconstruction. The paper demonstrates challenges in striking a balance to situate heritage on an international platform while also adhering to local sentiments and sensibilities. It also points to three intersecting planes of existence, emphasizing the simultaneous significance of global, national, and local dimensions and forces in post-disaster heritage-making.
Thinking with islands, living with coasts: John Gillis and the making of a blue Atlantic
Authors: Pastore Christopher L
Published: December 2022

Exploring the legacy of historian John R. Gillis (1939–2021), this special issue introduction examines the evolution of coastal studies as a field. It shows how Gillis did much to inspire a new generation of interdisciplinary oceanic scholarship that draws from human geography, Atlantic history, global history, environmental history, the history of science and technology, and blue cultural studies. By reimagining the living sea as a subject of, rather than a backdrop for, historical and literary analysis, this swell of research has helped build a “blue Atlantic.”
Anti-FVIII antibodies in Black and White hemophilia A subjects: do F8 haplotypes play a role?
Authors: Pratt Kathleen P. , Gunasekera Devi , Vir Pooja , Tan Siyuan , Pierce Glenn F. , Olsen Cara , Butenas Saulius , Mann Kenneth G.
Published: December 2022

The most common complication in hemophilia A (HA) treatment, affecting 25% to 30% of patients with severe HA, is the development of alloimmune inhibitors that foreclose the ability of infused factor VIII (FVIII) to participate in coagulation. Inhibitors confer significant pathology on affected individuals and present major complexities in their management. Inhibitors are more common in African American patients, and it has been hypothesized that this is a consequence of haplotype (H)-treatment product mismatch. F8 haplotypes H1 to H5 are defined by nonsynonymous single-nucleotide polymorphisms encoding sequence variations at FVIII residues 1241, 2238, and 484. Haplotypes H2 to H5 are more prevalent in individuals with Black African ancestry, whereas 80% to 90% of the White population has the H1 haplotype. This study used an established multiplex fluorescence immunoassay to determine anti-FVIII antibody titers in plasma from 394 individuals with HA (188 Black, 206 White), measuring their binding to recombinant full-length H1 and H2 and B-domain–deleted (BDD) H1/H2, H3/H5, and H4 FVIII proteins. Inhibitor titers were determined using a chromogenic assay and linear B-cell epitopes characterized using peptide microarrays. FVIII-reactive antibodies were readily detected in most individuals with HA, with higher titers in those with a current inhibitor, as expected. Neither total nor inhibitory antibody titers correlated with F8 haplotype mismatches, and peptides with D1241E and M2238V polymorphisms did not comprise linear B-cell epitopes. Interestingly, compared with the full-length FVIII products, the BDD-FVIII proteins were markedly more reactive with plasma antibodies. The stronger immunoreactivity of BDD-FVIII suggests that B-domain removal might expose novel B-cell epitopes, perhaps through conformational rearrangements of FVIII domains.
JAK/STAT blockade reverses the malignant phenotype of Hodgkin and Reed-Sternberg cells
Authors: Fernández Sara , Solórzano Jose L. , Díaz Eva , Menéndez Victoria , Maestre Lorena , Palacios Sara , López Mar , Colmenero Argentina , Estévez Mónica , Montalbán Carlos , Martínez Ángel , Roncador Giovanna , García Juan F.
Published: December 2022

Constitutive activation of the JAK/STAT pathway is a common phenomenon in classic Hodgkin lymphoma (cHL). The clinical potential of anti-JAK/STAT therapy is being explored in early-stage clinical trials. Notwithstanding, very little information is available about the complex biological consequences of this blockade. Here, we investigated the effects of JAK/STAT pharmacological inhibition on cHL cell models using ruxolitinib, a JAK 1/2 inhibitor that induces apoptosis by concentration- and time-dependent mechanisms. An unbiased whole-transcriptome approach identified expression of the anti-GCSF receptor (CSF3R) as a potential surrogate biomarker of JAK/STAT overactivation. In addition, longitudinal gene expression analyses provided further mechanistic information about pertinent biological pathways involved, including 37 gene pathways distributed in 3 main clusters: cluster 1 was characterized by upregulation of the G2/M checkpoint and major histocompatibility complex-related clusters; 2 additional clusters (2 and 3) showed a progressive downregulation of the tumor-promoting inflammation signatures: JAK/STAT and interleukin 1 (IL-1)/IL-4/IL-13/IL-17. Together, our results confirm the therapeutic potential of JAK/STAT inhibitors in cHL, identify CSF3R as a new biomarker, and provide supporting genetic data and mechanistic understanding.