bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Justification of the Manufacturing Plywood Technology on Dry Glues
Authors: Mazurchuk Serhii , Tsapko Yuriy , Horbachova Oleksandra , Tsapko Oleksii
Published: August 2023

The use of environmentally safe technologies in the plywood production encourages the use of dry powder mixtures of polyester resin used for gluing veneer. The work presents the results of studies of some characteristics for plywood, which was product on the basis of polyester resin. As a result of experimental studies, the expediency of manufacturing plywood on dry adhesive mixtures of polyester resins has been substantiated. Since the limit of static bending strength along the fibers of the plywood face layers exceeds the standard value. The resistance to chipping on the glued layer of plywood also did not decrease and exceeds the standard value both after dry exposure and after soaking. The studied plywood is characterized by reduced moisture absorption properties. This is due to the thermal modification of the veneer. It was established that with an increase in the modification temperature to , moisture absorption decreases by more than 3.5 %. Thus, the obtained research results allow us to purposefully solve further problems related to the creation of new technologies for the wood products manufacture and to determine the conditions of their operation at various facilities.
Analysis of Mechanical Performance of Cementitious Materials with Spent Garnets as Fine Grain Aggregate Partial Replacement
Authors: Baeră Cornelia , Gruin Aurelian , Bolborea Bogdan , Perianu Ion Aurel , Varga Luiza
Published: August 2023

The present research aims to simultaneously have positive contribution in two environmental issues identified on global scale, but also locally, in Romania: the waste generation due to industrial processes, on one hand, and on the other hand, the exhaustible natural resources constant increasing demand and consumption, in the construction industry as well. The use of abrasive waterjet (AWJ) sand in specific industries, for material processing purpose, represents an advantageous and efficient methodology, with increased domain of applicability and experiencing a significant development and improvement in the last years; still, besides the numerous benefits of the AWJ cutting and material processing techniques, they also generate collateral by-products, mostly converted into wastes: the abrasive materials (Garnet Sands) used during the AWJ cutting generate a sludge, generally unutilized and randomly deserted into damps (Spent Garnets, SG). In the same time, the construction industry and the corresponding mortar and concrete production segments, present accelerated growth, associated with global population fast increase (mainly in urban poles) and also with the industrial drive. The population growth and the industry expansion demand the corresponding infrastructure, civil, industrial, agrozootechnical, road and energetic, etc., leading to related request for building materials, concrete and natural resource consumption, like aggregates. This was the context which induced the idea of potentially valorizing the SG industrial by-products, generated by the local AWJ cutting industry, into construction materials, namely fine grain aggregates substitution in mortar and concrete. In order to evaluate the waste compatibility to a typical composition of cementitious material, a regular mortar was developed, considered the Reference (R) and further partial substitution of the usual sand was performed, by using the Spent Garnet wastes generated by two local companies. The substitution percentage was established in accordance to the previous studies in the topic, and ranged from 10 to 50% with respect to the sand quantity in the Reference mix. The mechanical performance of the mortars was analyzed at specific ages, in order to establish the viability of the substitution: 7day-testing, 14-day testing, 28 day-testing. The first results of the experimental study, focused on mechanical and physical characteristics of the mixes, are clearly encouraging, leading to the conclusion that SG by-products could be efficiently integrated in concrete and mortar mixes, as partial replacement of the regular sand; thus, the study opens the path to a sustainable, preventive solution for industrial waste generation and natural resources consumption as well. The potential use of SG as aggregate partial replacement in pavement eco-blocks is also considered, as future direction of research.
Alkali Activation of Solid Waste from Cable Wire Manufacturing Industry for Building and Construction
Authors: Mashifana Tebogo
Published: August 2023

Iron-laden tailings have received a lot of attention in recent years, especially for their potential use in civil engineering projects. Alkaline activation was studied as a method to use iron sludge from cable wire manufacturing industry (CWI). Two reagents, namely sodium silicate and sodium hydroxide concentrations of 1 M, 5 M, and 10 M were studied for alkaline activation. To make a paste, the solutions were combined with CWI waste. Using 50x50x50 mm3 molds, the paste was cast into triplicates and allowed to set. The molds were demolished once the paste had solidified, and the specimens were cured at increased temperatures and at room temperature. The specimens were cured for days, 7 days, and 14 days at ambient temperature. The specimens were subjected to geochemical and geotechnical testing after the curing period to determine the mechanism that contributed to unconfined compressive strength (UCS) development. The findings demonstrated that when the two reagents were compared, sodium hydroxide proved to be a better activator, resulting in a greater unconfined compressive strength, particularly when the specimen was cured at a high temperature. When cured at both elevated and ambient temperatures, the sodium silicate did not perform well as an activator, as the specimen were not durable.
Material Analysis: A Century Old Beam's Steel Compared to Modern Structural Steels
Authors: Geana Alexandru Adrian , Duma Iuliana , Murariu Alin Constantin , Perianu Ion Aurel , Marin-Corciu Matei , Constantin Vlad-Ștefan
Published: August 2023

This paper aims to analyse in detail a structural support steel beam from the years 1920 which has been in-use since then. Some tests will show that the steels from the analysed beams are not consistent, which given the time it was manufactured it does make sense since the metallurgy was not nearly as developed as it is now. It will present the analysis of the beam’s chemical composition; tensile and impact properties as well as the hardness of the material.
Experimental Investigation of Monotonic and Cyclic Behaviour of High-Performance Steels
Authors: Ene Anna , Both Ioan , Abrudan Ovidiu , Stratan Aurel , Daşcău Horia Florin , Sîrbu Nicuşor Alin
Published: August 2023

As a new trend in modern structural design, the high-performance steels are increasingly used in steel structures, due to their superior mechanical properties, which could have decisive impact on the resistance and deformation capacity of structural components. High-performance steels include stainless and high-strength steels. The higher proof stress of the high-strength steels allows using thinner sections and material economy for those structural elements that do not experience stability problems. Austenitic stainless steel shows a series of advantages, including low maintenance costs and an excellent toughness at low temperatures. But the main characteristic which matters especially in seismic design, is the higher ductility, larger strain hardening and elongation at fracture in comparison with carbon steels. In this paper, the analysis of the behaviour of 1.4404 austenitic stainless steel and of S690 high-strength steel, in comparison with a reference S235 mild carbon steel is presented. This paper presents the assessment of the monotonic and cyclic performance of these steel grades, as well as the failure pattern, in order to assess the potential use in structural applications.
Monotonic and Cyclic Modelling of Structural Steel for Finite Element Analysis
Authors: Ene Anna , Stratan Aurel
Published: August 2023

Nowadays, as a response to the promoted concept of performance-based seismic design, the finite element method (FEM) has become an omnipresent practice that supports the simulation of structural elements. This approach requires constitutive numerical models, which could reproduce both elastic and plastic behaviour of steel. Looking forward to a reliable FEM simulation, the modelling and calibration of steel undergoing monotonic and cyclic loading tests is investigated in this paper. With respect to monotonic tensile test, a sensitivity analysis regarding mesh refinement and finite element type is developed. Another inspected issue, such as high-strength steel modelling, taking into consideration low ductility and absence of yield plateau, is also presented. And finally, a model for structural steel, using the combined isotropic-kinematic hardening model, is introduced to simulate metal non-linear behaviour under ultra-low-cycle fatigue regime. All these numerical simulations are processed via Abaqus software package, and are validated by a set of experimental tests.
Alzheimer’s Disease: Treatment Today and Tomorrow
Authors: Gorthi Sankar P. , Gupta Dulari
Published: August 2023

Background and Aims:

The scope of treatment in Alzheimer’s Disease has widened in recent times with FDA approval of new drugs. This review looks at established treatments in AD as well as critically analyses the newer drugs available.

Methods:

Data in this review was gathered from PubMed; Google Scholar and MEDLINE from January-March 2023. Search words used were ‘Alzheimer’s Disease treatment’ and ‘Dementia treatment’.

Results:

Older time tested drugs like Acetyl Choline Receptor Inhibitors and NMDA Receptor antagonists remain the mainstay of pharmacological treatment in AD. Despite a lot of excitement about newer FDA approved drugs; we have to be cautious in their use. Aducanumab showed good reduction in CSF amyloid levels (biomarker of AD); but this did not necessarily translate into better clinical outcomes of patients.

Conclusion:

Despite the recent advances and approval of drugs in treatment of AD, we have to exhibit caution while prescribing these drugs. Even with a sound mechanism of action, these drugs do not always show improvement in clinical outcomes. More clinical trials are required for development of drugs in treatment of AD which explore various different mechanisms of action.
Five-Year Outcomes and Predictors of Mortality following Sepsis in a Large Cohort of Patients in a General Medical Ward: A Cohort Study from South India
Authors: Kalimuthu Murugabharathy , Chandiraseharan Vignesh Kumar , Sunny Ansa , Lakshmanan Jeyaseelan , Babu Malavika , Turaka Vijay Prakash , George Tina , Mishra Ajay Kumar , Gowri Mahasampath , Sudarsanam Thambu David
Published: August 2023

Background:

Although sepsis is a well-known cause of in-hospital mortality, data on long term outcomes are scarce.

Aim:

This study aims to estimate the cumulative 5-year mortality among patients with infection requiring admission.

Methods:

This was a cohort study done in tertiary care center in South India, with recruitment of those admitted with an infection between January 1st, 2009 and July 31st, 2014 in a medical unit. The patients were followed up by telephonic call or case record review. Kaplan–Meier survival curve was plotted and Cox-proportional hazard model was used as multivariable analysis to identify the independent risk factors of long-term mortality.

Results:

One thousand four hundred and fifty three patients were followed up in this cohort study. The mean survival by Kaplan–Meier survival analysis was 3.78 years (95% confidence interval [CI] 3.33, 4.22) in quick sepsis-related organ failure assessment (qSOFA) score positive patients and 6.07 years (95% CI 5.73, 6.41) in qSOFA negative patients which was statistically significant by the log-rank test. The cumulative 1-year mortality was 44.9% and 21.8% for qSOFA score of 2 or more and nonsepsis patients, respectively. The median survival of qSOFA score of 2 or more patients was 0.75 years (95% CI 0–2.1 years). The mortality among sepsis patients at discharge, 1 year, 5 and 8 years was 38.2%, 44.9%, 47.4%, and 47.8%, respectively. Cox regression analysis showed age hazard ratio (HR) 1.02 (1.01, 1.04), male gender 1.45 (1.03, 2.04), >qSOFA score HR 1.89 (1.32, 2.72), Charlson Comorbidity Index HR 1.29 (1.14, 1.46), respiratory tract infection HR 1.81 (1.10, 2.95), and inotrope requirement HR 3.24 (1.98, 5.29) were the independent predictors of long-term mortality.

Conclusions:

The median survival of patients with possible infection with qSOFA score of 2 or more patients was 0.75 years (95% CI 0–2.1 years). Older age, male gender, qSOFA score of 2 or more, Charlson Comorbidity Index, respiratory tract infection, and inotrope requirement HR 3.24 were the independent predictors of long-term mortality.
Antitoxic Principles from Moringa oleifera (Mo11) and Musa sapientum (Ms06) Ameliorated Cadmium Chloride-Induced Renal Hyperplasia and Apoptosis through Ki67/P53-Mediated Pathway in Rats
Authors: Akinlolu Adelaja , Ameen Mubarak , Ebito Gabriel , Asogwa Nnaemeka , Akindele Raheem , Fagbohunka Bamidele , Arowolo Zainab , Garuba Taofeeq
Published: August 2023

Background:

Cadmium (Cd) is an established carcinogen. Cd-induced renotoxicity resulted in oxidative stress, loss of excretory kidney functions, and apoptosis of murine kidney cells.

Objectives:

This study evaluated renoprotective potentials of MO11 (isolated from Moringa oleifera leaves) and MS06 (isolated from Musa sapientum suckers) against Cd chloride (CdCl2)-induced renotoxicity, renal hyperplasia, and apoptosis in rats.

Materials and Methods:

Twenty-four adult male Wistar rats (average weight of 155 g) were randomly divided into seven groups (n = 4). Group 1 received physiological saline. Groups 2–4 and 6 received single intraperitoneal (i.p) administration of 1.5 mg/kg body weight of CdCl2 (i.p) (Day 1). Groups 3–4 and 6 were posttreated with 15 mg/kg body weight of MO11, 15 mg/kg body weight of MO11 +7 mg/kg body weight of MS06, and 3.35 mg/kg body weight of doxorubicin, respectively (days: 1–17). Group 5 received only olive oil dose (vehicle), respectively (days: 1–17). Kidney histopathology (hematoxylin and eosin technique) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay concentrations of biomarkers of proliferation (Ki67) and apoptosis (p53) in kidney homogenates of rats of Groups 1–6 were evaluated.

Results:

Histopathological analyses showed normal kidney histology in the rats of Groups 1–6. Posttreatments of CdCl2-induced renotoxicity with MO11, MO11+MS06, and doxorubicin resulted in downregulations of Ki67 and p53 in Groups 3, 4, and 6 as compared with Group 2.

Conclusion:

MO11 and MS06 possess renoprotective, anti-proliferation, and anti-apoptosis potentials.
Standardization of Objective Structured Practical Examination in Terms of Validity and Reliability in Biochemistry: Our First Experience
Authors: Suneja Shilpa
Published: August 2023

Objective:

The present study is an effort to standardize and establish the validity and reliability of objective structured practical examination (OSPE) as a formative assessment tool in biochemistry.

Materials and Methods:

After institutional ethical clearance, brainstorming was done to plan the logistics necessary for the standardization of OSPE in biochemistry at undergraduate level. An assessment blueprint was established, structured checklists for individual procedure stations along with the student’s and examiners’ instruction manuals were designed. Review and revision of the planned OSPE stations were done and the validity and reliability of the tool were established. The internal reliability of the OSPE stations was determined by calculating Cronbach’s alpha from the mean scores obtained by the students in each station during the formative assessments. A pilot study was conducted on a group of 14 volunteer students to establish the homogeneity of the study. The content validity index (CVI) and the coefficient of reliability of the feedback questionnaire for faculty and students were calculated. Feedback taken from students and faculty was analyzed through the Satisfaction Index for 5-point Likert Scale questions and thematic analysis for open-ended questions.

Results:

Cronbach’s alpha of the OSPE questions, during the four formative assessments in sessional examinations, showed high internal consistency of 0.832, 0.861, 0.796, and 0.845. Homogeneity was determined by a split-half estimate of pilot OSPE with Cronbach’s alpha value of 0.9. The S-CVI/Ave scores for the students and faculty questionnaire were 0.86 and 0.91 respectively with the internal consistency of 0.83 and 0.89.

Conclusions:

OSPE is a valid and reliable assessment tool after standardization that provides a structured approach to assessment and can be used for formative assessments of medical undergraduate students in biochemistry.
Occupational Stress: An Impediment to Quality Nurse–Patient Relationship – A Rapid Review
Authors: Akpor Oluwaseyi Abiodun , Olusayo Aina Victoria , Olorunfemi Olaolorunpo
Published: August 2023

Given the complex nature of the effect of occupational stress also known as work or job stress, on the quality of nurse- patient relationship, it appears a daunting task reaching a unified definition of work stress because of the acknowledged fact that a singular approach may not be able to encompass the breadth of the phenomenon. This study aims to provide a general review of some of the challenges of stress on nurse–patient relationship, and causes of occupational stress were examined in light of the conceptual typology that portrays various sources of workplace stress and strategies in preventing occupational stress. The data for this study were from published studies. Electronic databases of Medline, Scopus, PubMed, CINAHL, and Google Scholar were searched using keywords: occupational stress, nurse- patient relationship and quality of nursing care literatures were retrieved and screened for eligibility. The date limit considered in the literature search was from 2016 to 2023 to capture only the variables identified in this study objective. Stress sources are consequentially known to produce dire organization and extra-organizational outcomes such as low morale, poor performance, career uncertainty, poor care, health problems, work-life conflict, turnover, and other reverse that undermine the competitive objectives of business. Stress curative measures are discussed to assist nurses to understand the significance of providing effective stress management interventions that can enhance employee well-being and organizational productivity.
Assessment of Foot Pressure in Patients with Diabetes by Using Mat Scan in a Tertiary Care Teaching Hospital in North India
Authors: Totaganti Manjunath , Kant Ravi , Yadav Raj Kumar , Khapre Minakshi
Published: August 2023

Introduction:

Diabetic foot ulcers are a common diabetic complication that can be lethal. Abnormal plantar pressures are hypothesized to influence the pathogenesis of neuropathic ulcers in the diabetic foot.

Aim:

To analyze the maximum plantar pressures and average plantar pressures in diabetic patients.

Materials and Methods:

The study used 62 diabetes individuals as participants. Body mass index was calculated, as well as illness duration and hemoglobin A1c. Plantar pressure was measured in static (standing) and dynamic (walking/taking a step on the mat) settings for all patients using the BTS (BTS is a bioengineering company based in Italy) walk system. The plantar pressures (kPa) at the five metatarsal regions, the mid-foot region, and the medial and lateral heel regions were measured.

Results:

We found that the maximum dynamic pressures were higher in at metatarsal region, which were above 600 kPa, which were considered a risk for ulceration.

Conclusion:

Persons with diabetes have higher maximum plantar pressures. These people are at high risk for foot ulceration in the metatarsal and mid-foot regions. This can be used as an indicator of the development of ulcers.
Age-Related Peripheral Vestibular Dysfunction: A Review
Authors: Swain Santosh Kumar
Published: August 2023

Age-related peripheral vestibular dysfunction is usually associated with an imbalance that has a major impact on morbidity, mortality, and health-care resources. Age-related vestibular hypofunction has been shown to correlate with the age-related reduction in the number of vestibular hair cells and neurons. Progressive disequilibrium of aging is a complex and multifactorial condition leading to dizziness and a higher chance of risk of falls. The stability of the posture and gaze during standing and walking is maintained by the processing of vestibular, visual, and somatosensory inputs in the central nervous systems, followed by outputs to the musculoskeletal and visual systems. Every component in this stem deteriorates as the age increases or in the aging process. Vestibular rehabilitation is an effective treatment option for both unilateral and bilateral vestibular dysfunction in the elderly age group. There are different prosthetic devices developed to enhance the postural balance in the older person. Although there is no definitive medical treatment available for age-related peripheral vestibular dysfunction, new medical treatments such as mitochondrial antioxidants or caloric restriction which have been useful for preventing age-related hearing impairment should be investigated in the future for treating age-related peripheral vestibular dysfunction.
A Comparative Clinical Study of Marham-e-raal and Povidone-Iodine 5% Ointment in Nonhealing Ulcers
Authors: Ahmad Waseem , Alam Saiyad Shah , Sahibole Suhail Yunus
Published: August 2023

Introduction:

Nonhealing ulcers are those that have not proceeded through timely and orderly reparation to produce anatomic and functional integrity. Povidone iodine is widely used ointment among physician and surgeons globally for wound dressings. In texts of Unani medicine literature, Marham-e-raal has been described as a potent ointment for gaining timely healing of wounds. The aim of this study is to compare the effects of povidone iodine and Marham-e-raal in nonhealing ulcers/chronic wounds.

Methods:

A randomized controlled study was carried out in the Department of Jarahat (Surgery) in National Institute of Unani Medicine, Bengaluru. A total of 45 subjects were included and randomized into Marham-e-raal and betadine dressing groups based on inclusion criteria. Dressing was done on daily basis and subjects were assessed on every 15 day from baseline to day 45 for primary outcomes (appearance of healthy granulation, epithelialization, and reduction in wound surface area) and secondary outcomes (decreases in tenderness score and depth of wound).

Results:

Nineteen out of 27 subjects in Marham-e-raal dressing group achieved complete healing as compared to one in povidone-iodine dressing group. There was significant reduction in wound surface area, median tenderness score and depth of wounds among subjects in Marham-e-raal dressing group at 0.05 level of significance.

Conclusion:

Marham-e-raal is an effective wound dressing and healing agent as compared to povidone-iodine ointment.
Petrology, age, and tectonic setting of the Park Spur pluton, Aspy terrane, central Cape Breton Highlands, Nova Scotia, Canada
Authors: Smith Amanda M. , Barr Sandra M. , White Chris E. , Van Rooyen Deanne , Sunatori Évelyne
Published: August 2023

The Park Spur pluton was emplaced in the Aspy terrane of the central Cape Breton Highlands at 374.2 ± 2.9 Ma (U–Pb zircon). It consists mainly of muscovite-biotite monzogranite with small areas of garnet-bearing muscovite monzogranite and abundant pegmatite and aplite dykes. On its northern margin the pluton intruded metamorphic rocks of the Ordovician–Silurian Cape North Group and associated orthogneiss and on the south it intruded low-grade metamorphic rocks of the Silurian Calumruadh Brook Formation. Deformation along the southern margin of the Park Spur pluton is consistent with emplacement during dextral transpression between the Bras d’Or and Aspy terranes. The Late Devonian age combined with S-type petrological characteristics show that the Park Spur pluton and nearby Canal pluton are related to the ca. 375 Ma Black Brook Granitic Suite, all interpreted to have been emplaced during later stages of the Acadian orogeny in Ganderia as a result of delamination.
Amenability and profinite completions of finitely generated groups
Authors: Kionke Steffen , Schesler Eduard
Published: August 2023

This article explores the interplay between the finite quotients of finitely generated residually finite groups and the concept of amenability. We construct a finitely generated, residually finite, amenable group

A

and an uncountable family of finitely generated, residually finite non-amenable groups, all of which are profinitely isomorphic to

A

. All of these groups are branch groups. Moreover, picking up Grothendieck's problem, the group

A

embeds in these groups such that the inclusion induces an isomorphism of profinite completions. In addition, we review the concept of uniform amenability, a strengthening of amenability introduced in the 70s, and we prove that uniform amenability is indeed detectable from the profinite completion.
Nonorthogonal multiple access multiple input multiple output communications with harvested energy: Performance evaluation
Authors: Le‐Thanh Toi , Ho‐Van Khuong
Published: August 2023

This paper demonstrates improved throughput and energy efficiency of wireless communications by exploiting nonorthogonal multiple access (NOMA), multiple input–multiple output (MIMO), and radio frequency energy harvesting (EH) technologies. To assess the performance of NOMA MIMO communications with EH (MMe), we consider the nonlinear characteristics of EH devices and propose explicit expressions for throughput and outage probability. Based on our results, the system performance is significantly mitigated by EH nonlinearity and is considerably improved by increasing the number of antennas. Additionally, by appropriately adjusting the system parameters, our NOMA MMe innovation can avert complete outages while optimizing system performance. Moreover, the results demonstrate the superiority of the NOMA MMe over its orthogonal multiple access MMe counterparts.
Interferon-gamma and tumor necrosis factor-alpha synergistically enhance the immunosuppressive capacity of human umbilical-cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells by increasing PD-L1 expression
Authors: Chen Zhuo , Yao Meng-Wei , Shen Zhi-Lin , Li Shi-Dan , Xing Wei , Guo Wei , Li Zhan , Wu Xiao-Feng , Ao Luo-Quan , Lu Wen-Yong , Lian Qi-Zhou , Xu Xiang , Ao Xiang
Published: August 2023

The art of constructing an insightful literature review manuscript has witnessed an exemplar in the work of Oz et al (2023), wherein concept progression harmoniously merges with figures and tables. Reflecting on retrospective data science, it is evident that well-cited articles can wield a transformative influence on the Journal Citation Reports Impact Factor score, as exemplified by Robert Weinberg’s landmark on cancer (Hanahan and Weinberg, 2011). Here, we aim to spotlight a commendable contribution by Tuba Oz, Ajeet Kaushik, and Małgorzata Kujawska in this issue while pivoting towards identifying the hallmarks of a subpar literature review-elements that hinder rather than promote advancement. The hurdles and roadblocks encountered within subpar literature reviews are multifold. Anticipation of emerging trends, identification of challenges, and exploration of solutions remain conspicuously absent. Original Contributions fail to surface amidst the vast sea of pre-existing literature, with noticeable gaps amplified by the lack of illustrative figures and tables. The manuscript, at times, assumes a skeletal form, reflecting an attempt to accommodate an excess of references, leading to convoluted sentences laden with citations. In contrast, a potent solution lies in adopting a comprehensive approach. A nuanced and critical evaluation of sources can culminate in a robust discussion, surpassing the mere summarization of conclusions drawn by others. This approach, often dismissed, holds the potential to elevate clarity, coherence, and logical flow, ultimately inviting engaged readership and coveted citations. The critical necessity of integrating visionary insights is underscored and achieved through a rigorous analysis of pivotal concepts and innovative ideas. Examples can be harnessed to elucidate the application of these solutions. We advocate a paradigm shift, urging literature review writers to embrace the readers’ perspective. A literature review’s purpose extends beyond providing a comprehensive panorama; it should illuminate avenues for concept development within a specific field of interest. By achieving this balance, literature reviews stand to captivate a devoted readership, paving the way for manuscripts that are both widely read and frequently cited. The pathway forward requires a fusion of astute analysis and visionary insights, shaping the future of literature review composition.
IT and territory : the location paradox
Authors: Savy Michel
Published: August 2023

As their development gets stronger, the influence of IT on location of activities gets weaker : this effect will be called the "paradox of location". But the role of IT is essential in the setting up of a new spatial organisation of production, according to a network scheme, where the connection between functions and between firms is more important than their physical vicinity. The territory of flows restructures the territory of places.

Au fur et à mesure que leur usage se renforce, l'influence des Techniques d'Information et de Communication (TIC) sur l'implantation d'activités s'affaiblit : c'est le "paradoxe de localisation". Leur rôle est toutefois primordial dans la mise en place d'une nouvelle organisation spatiale de la production, fonctionnant en réseau, où la connexion entre fonctions et entreprises importe plus que leur proximité. Le territoire des flux reconfigure le territoire des lieux.
Motorways, activities and regions: Results and methodological proposals for research
Authors: Faivre Emmanuel
Published: August 2023

Can a motorway fix activities? In order to answer this question, three research directions were investigated :- spatial analysis of business location dynamics,- opinion poll of motorway perception by firms,- study of the interplay of the regional bodies.This information we gathered have been organized in a location system for understanding the machinery impacted by a new motorway. This leads to a research proposal where one does not try to isolate the motorway factor anymore, but rather considers the system conditioning business location, and analyses the role played by the motorway therein. The result is a systemic analysis board for understanding and explaining the business location machinery impacted by a new motorway.

L'autoroute est-elle capable de fixer des activités ? Afin d'y répondre, trois angles de recherche ont été abordés :- analyse spatiale des dynamiques de localisation d'établissements,- enquête de perception de l’autoroute par les entreprises,- étude du jeu des acteurs territoriaux et de leurs projets (ZAE).Les connaissances ainsi recueillies ont été organisées au sein d’un système de localisation afin de comprendre les mécanismes mis en jeu par l’arrivée d’une autoroute. Aussi, la proposition de recherche qui en découle consiste à ne plus essayer d’isoler le facteur autoroutier mais à tenter de se fixer sur le système qui conditionne les localisations d’activités pour y analyser le rôle joué par l’autoroute. L’aboutissement de nos recherches se matérialise par la réalisation d’une grille d’analyse résolument systémique visant à comprendre et expliquer les interactions entre autoroutes et système de localisation des activités.
Urban road pricing and equity: a survey of literature
Authors: Souche Stéphanie
Published: August 2023

Cet article peut être téléchargé sur le site de la revue : http://www.afitl.com/CST/precedents-numeros/N43/Souch43.pdf (lien visité le 04/04/2007)

The equity of the road pricing focuses many search works: Richardson (1974), Jara-Diaz (1989), Jones (1991, 1992, 2002), Giuliano (1992), Gomez-Ibanez (1992), Banister (1994), Emmerink and alii (1995), Rietveld, Verhoef (1998), Wardman and alii (2002). The high number and their contradictory conclusions of those works imply to tack stock of their main results. The subject of this paper is to make a survey of the literature on the equity of the urban road pricing. Through display of the different search work, firstly we show the different equity senses in the case of road pricing, for finally establish or not a " common learning " on this topic. Then, we detail two central questions to judge the equity of this new measure: ermarking [Goodwin (1989), Jones (1991, 2002), Small (1992, 1993), Hau (1992), Verhoef and alii (1997)], and influence of the liberty of choice [Jones (1991), Baron, Jurney (1993), Frey, Pommerehne (1993), Schlag, Teubel (1997), Jakobsson and alii (2000)]. Finally, it is necessary to take into account the local (existing alternatives, location of households and employments, new infrastructure) and national contexts (national taxes, competitivity of the transport sector, objective of this measure).

La question de l'équité du péage urbain ne cesse de susciter des travaux de recherche : Richardson (1974), Jara-Diaz (1989), Jones (1991, 1992, 2002), Giuliano (1992), Gomez-Ibanez (1992), Banister (1994), Emmerink et alii (1995), Rietveld, Verhoef (1998), Wardman et alii (2002). Le nombre élevé et les conclusions souvent contradictoires de ces derniers impliquent de faire le point sur leurs principaux résultats. L'objet de ce papier est donc de faire une revue de la littérature sur l'équité du péage urbain. A travers l'exposé de différents travaux, nous montrons d'abord les différentes acceptions de l'équité dans le cas du péage urbain, pour finalement établir s'il existe ou non un " savoir partagé " sur cette question. Nous détaillons ensuite deux questions centrales pour juger du caractère équitable de cette nouvelle mesure : l'affectation des recettes du péage [Goodwin (1989), Jones (1991, 2002), Small (1992, 1993), Hau (1992), Verhoef et alii (1997)], et son influence sur la liberté de choix des individus [Jones (1991), Baron, Jurney (1993), Frey, Pommerehne (1993), Schlag, Teubel (1997), Jakobsson et alii (2000)]. Il apparaît finalement qu'il est nécessaire de prendre en compte le contexte local (alternatives existantes, localisations des ménages et des emplois, nouvelle infrastructure) et national (autres taxes existantes, compétitivité du secteur des transports, objectif de la mesure) de cette nouvelle mesure.
The Port Authority of New York and New Jersey: Global Changes, Regional Gains and Local Challenges in Port Development
Authors: Rodrigue Jean-Paul
Published: August 2023

The interplay between globalization and maritime transportation has been the focus of much attention. Under such a context, the port authority is often perceived as an entity increasingly under the pressure to cope with the demands of global maritime shippers and with local constraints pertaining to port development (e.g. better terminals, efficient inland distribution and environmental protection). This article investigates the relationships between global changes and the local challenges of the Port Authority of New York and New Jersey, one of the most diversified port authorities in the world. A wide array of facilities including office space, bridges and tunnels, industrial development zones, waterfront developments, airports, transit systems and, finally, port terminals are under its jurisdiction. It is argued that even if port activities represent a small share of the port authority’s assets, it has an enduring commitment to port development. From traditional responses such as terminal improvements and dredging, the port authority is developing new strategies aimed at port regionalization such as terminal access and inland distribution systems.

La réciprocité entre la mondialisation et le transport maritime a été l’objet de nombreuses recherches. Dans un tel contexte, l’autorité portuaire est souvent perçue comme une entité de plus en plus contrainte de subvenir aux besoins des armateurs et de satisfaire le développement portuaire (meilleurs terminaux, efficacité du système de distribution terrestre, protection environnementale, etc.). Cet article se penche sur les relations entre les changements globaux et la problématique locale de l’autorité portuaire de New York et du New Jersey, une des autorités portuaires les plus diversifiées au monde. Elle a sous sa juridiction une grande variété d’installations incluant de l’immobilier de bureaux, des ponts et tunnels, des zones de développement industriel, des aéroports, des systèmes de transport en commun et, enfin, des terminaux maritimes. Il est souligné que même si les activités portuaires représentent une faible part des actifs de l’autorité portuaire, cette dernière a continué à soutenir le développement portuaire par diverses stratégies. Parallèlement aux réponses conventionnelles pour favoriser le développement portuaire tels que l’amélioration des terminaux et le dragage, l’autorité portuaire développe de nouvelles stratégies de régionalisation portuaire en portant une attention particulière à l’accessibilité des terminaux et au développement de systèmes terrestres de distribution de marchandises conteneurisées.
Travel Time Budgets: Facing the paradoxical management of the "scarcest good"
Authors: Crozet Yves , Joly Iragaël
Published: August 2023

The underlying increase of income changes our daily time use. According to the fact that the daily time budget is strictly stable, time becomes, in relative terms, the scarcest resource. Facing this growing feeling of time scarcity, faster transport modes are developed to help us to save time. Nevertheless, everything happens as if, despite the speed increase, the scarcity of time is growing. To enlighten this paradox, travel time budgets of industrialised cities are analysed. First the Zahavi's conjecture of the travel time budget (TTB) stability is reviewed. With the reinvestment, in new trips, of travel time savings due to higher speed, we obtain a space and time urban sprawl. Such a mechanism is observed in North American and Oceanic towns. An "extensive urban model" can be characterised by increasing travel distances and TTB. In opposition, Asian and European cities form the "intensive urban model", with stable TTB. What is the signification of this European specificity? Is Europe simply lagging behind the North-American "model". Or is it a different way of managing the scarcity of time?

La croissance tendancielle des revenus transforme notre gestion du temps. Comme le budget temps quotidien est rigoureusement stable, le temps devient, en termes relatifs, " le bien le plus rare ". Face à cette situation de rareté radicale, les moyens de transport rapides, cherchent à nous faire " gagner du temps ". Pourtant, tout se passe comme si, avec l'accroissement de la vitesse, l'impression de rareté du temps augmentait. Pour éclairer ce paradoxe, nous nous intéressons au budget temps de transport (BTT) dans les agglomérations des pays industrialisés en reprenant la conjecture de Zahavi ou hypothèse de constance des BTT. Dans cette hypothèse, l'amélioration des vitesses se traduit par un réinvestissement du temps gagné dans d'autres déplacements. Il en résulte une dilatation des espaces-temps de la ville, une sorte de fuite en avant qui aiguise le sentiment d'une rareté croissante du temps. Un tel mécanisme est visible dans les agglomérations d'Amérique du Nord et d'Océanie. Un " modèle extensif de ville " peut ainsi être distingué, où se conjuguent accroissement des distances parcourues et des BTT. Face à ce " modèle extensif ", les villes européennes et les métropoles asiatiques présentent un " modèle intensif ", caractérisé par une stabilité des BTT. Comment interpréter cette spécificité européenne ? S'agit-il d'un décalage temporel, d'un simple retard en regard du " modèle " nord américain ? Ou sommes nous au contraire en présence d'un autre " modèle " de gestion de la rareté du temps ?
From the comparative advantages of the compact city to the urban form – mobility patterns interaction. Method and first results
Authors: Pouyanne Guillaume
Published: August 2023

Urban Sustainable development has underlined the necessity to decrease automobile use in metropolitan areas. Urban sprawl is seen as a major factor of automobile dependence. Therefore, the comparative advantages of the compact city are a strong incentive to adopt compacification measures. Nevertheless, some critics have questioned these advantages as much as the feasibility of such policies. By listing the arguments from each side of the debate, we try to build a method to understand the urban form-mobility patterns interaction. Some results on the metropolitan area of Bordeaux are presented.

Le développement durable assigne aux politiques urbaines un objectif prépondérant : limiter la place de l’automobile dans les déplacements. A cette occasion resurgit la problématique de l’étalement et, par ricochet, celle des densités. Les avantages de la ville compacte, notamment en termes de mobilité, incitent plusieurs pays à adopter des politiques de compacification. Pourtant un certain nombre de critiques questionnent la validité de ces avantages autant que la mise en œuvre de ces politiques. L’examen serré de la controverse sur les avantages comparatifs de la ville compacte nous permet de construire une démarche méthodologique personnelle qui ambitionne de traiter des relations complexes - et peu explorées à ce jour – qu’entretiennent les formes urbaines et les comportements de mobilité. Quelques résultats portant sur l’agglomération bordelaise (données 1998) sont présentés.
Métropolisation, formes urbaines et mobilité. Présentation du dossier
Authors: Aguilera Anne , Madre Jean-Loup , Mignot Dominique
Published: August 2023

La croissance de la mobilité se focalise principalement sur deux types d'espaces que sont les grands corridors européens et les métropoles, pour la plupart noeuds de ces corridors. La mobilité constitue ainsi un enjeu essentiel pour le devenir même des métropoles et plus généralement des grandes villes. Dans ce contexte, la compréhension des interaction entre la forme des localisations (population et activités), l'organisation des réseaux de transport et les comportements de déplacement suscite à juste titre un intérêt jamais démenti depuis deux décennies. (extrait de l'introduction).
Selecting the Safest Public Bathroom Stall in the Era of COVID-19
Authors: Heston Thomas F
Published: August 2023

COVID-19 and other respiratory diseases can be transmitted through contact with shared surfaces such as those found in public bathrooms. High-touch surfaces such as door handles, flush levers and toilet paper dispensers can potentially contribute to spreading disease-inducing viruses and bacteria. One strategy to mitigate this risk at an individual level is to use the least used bathroom stall, with less human traffic and potentially fewer pathogens. This study looked at occupancy rates of bathroom stalls in a public facility. Observation of stall occupancy was recorded at separate times. Only times when at least 1 stall was occupied were recorded. There were three stalls in a row. Stall 1 was located at one end, with one partition of this stall against a wall and the other partition was shared with the middle stall. Stall 2, the middle stall, shared a partition with Stall 1 and 3. Stall 3 shared a partition with Stall 2 and the other partition was adjacent to an open common area in the restroom. There was a total of 37 observations. Stall 1 was occupied 62% of the time, Stall 2 occupied 30% of the time and Stall 3 occupied 32% of the time. Stall 1, Stall 2 and Stall 3 accounted for 50%, 24% and 26% of overall occupancy. Stall 1 was significantly more likely to be occupied than Stall 2 or 3 (62% vs 30%, p = 0.0051 and 62% vs 32%, p = 0.0104). Stall 2 had the lowest occupancy, but statistically equally likely as Stall 3 to be occupied (30% vs 32%, p = 0.802). In conclusion, in a bank of 3 stalls, the least used one was the middle one and the most used was the end one with an adjoining wall.
Changes in Corneal Epithelial Thickness in Relation to Vision, Contrast Sensitivity and Ocular Aberrations After Lasik
Authors: Gialelis Themistoklis K
Published: August 2023

Purpose: The assessment of changes in corneal epithelial thickness at the center of the cornea (ET center) and at the apex of the cornea (ET peak) in relation to vision, corneal aberrations (LOAs and HOAs) and contrast sensitivity (C.S) after LASIK.

Material and Methods: Twenty-seven patients (27 eyes) with a mean age of 32 years (range 22-50), 9 males and 18 females were included in the study and underwent LASIK. Mean follow up was 12.18 +/- 1.48 (range from 9 to 18 months).

Results: A statistically significant difference was found between preoperative and postoperative measurements of ET center and ET peak as well as Zernike coefficients. No statistically significant difference was found for the variable of CS.

Conclusion: Changes in corneal aberrations after refractive surgery can be attributed to epithelial thickness increase which can be seen in patients that have undergone LASIK.
Privacy, Confidentiality, and Data Protection: Ethical Considerations in the Use of the Internet
Authors: Tri Indriasari Devi , Karman Karman
Published: August 2023

The Internet has had a profound, impact on society, enabling numerous benefits while also presenting significant challenges. While it has revolutionized communication, information access, and business operations, it has also created new ethical challenges, particularly with regards to inappropriate or negative content. Cybercrime, misinformation, disinformation, and user data exploitation are just a few examples of these issues. As the Internet's reach and influence continue to expand, it is critical to recognize and adhere to ethical principles in the digital world. This article aims to explore the importance of ethical principles in Internet use and their role in mitigating negative impacts. To achieve this objective, the paper conducts a literature review towards policy document and analyzes bibliometrics data against scholarly article databases indexed by Scopus and identify key point regarding ethical discourse.  The article delves into the ethical implications of the Internet, including privacy concerns, confidentiality, decision-making, and data protection. In conclusion, it posits that the Internet should not be viewed simply as a tool but as a cultural artifact with the potential to shape society for better or worse. Therefore, it is our responsibility as users and stakeholders to understand and uphold ethical standards to ensure the responsible and equitable use of this powerful technology.