bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pengaruh Komposisi Ekstrak Jambu Biji Merah terhadap Kualitas Jelly Drink
Authors: Fitriani Yunita , Zahrulianingdyah Atiek
Published: March 2024

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk 1) mengetahui pengaruh komposisi ekstrak buah jambu biji merah terhadap kualitas jelly drink jambu biji merah ditinjau dari aspek kejernihan warna, aroma, tekstur, rasa manis, dan rasa asam, 2) mengetahui komposisi ekstrak buah jambu biji merah yang tepat sehingga dapat menghasilkan  jelly drink jambu biji merah yang berkualitas, 3) mengetahui kandungan vitamin C dan serat pada jelly drink jambu biji merah hasil eksperimen, 4) mengetahui kesukaan masyarakat terhadap kualitas jelly drink jambu biji merah hasil eksperimen ditinjau dari segi kejernihan warna, aroma, tekstur, rasa manis dan rasa asam. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan adalah analisis varian klasifikasi tunggal untuk menganalisis data uji inderawi, analisis deskriptif presentase untuk menganalisis uji kesukaan masyarakat dan untuk uji kandungan gizi dilakukan di laboratorium BBTPPI, Semarang. Hasil penelitian ini adalah ada perbedaan kualitas jelly drink pada aspek kejernihan warna, aroma, tekstur dan rasa. Dari segi kejernihan warna dapat disimpulkan semakin banyak penggunaan buah warna semakin baik. Aroma yang dihasilkan juga berbeda, semakin banyak penggunaan buah aroma semakin nyata. Untuk aspek tekstur hasil yang diperoleh semakin banyak jumlah buah maka tekstur akan semakin keras. Rasa manis yang dihasilkan cenderung sama namun untuk rasa asam semakin banyak penggunaan buah maka rasa akan semakin asam. Hasil uji kesukaan masyarakat yaitu sampel A disukai masyarakat, sampel B sangat disukai masyarakat, sampel C disukai masyarakat, sampel D disukai masyarakat. Kandungan vitamin C pada sampel A yaitu 138,21 mg, sampel B yaitu 150,40 mg, sampel C yaitu 162,61 mg. Kandungan serat kasar pada sampel A yaitu 0,06%, sampel B yaitu 0,09%, sampel C yaitu 0,10%.
The Effect Of Nutritional Literacy On The Adequacy Of Energy And Protein In Culinary Education Study Program Students At Semarang State University
Authors: Hanapi Roy , Fathonah Siti
Published: March 2024

Abstract

The research objectives were 1) to determine the level of nutritional literacy in college students 2) to determine energy adequacy in college students 3) to determine protein adequacy in college students 4) to determine the effect of nutritional literacy on energy adequacy 5) to determine the effect of nutritional literacy on protein adequacy. This research was a survey research and a cross-sectional research design with research subjects being students of the Culinary Education Study Program, Semarang State University. Sampling used a saturated sampling technique in which all members of the population in this study were used as samples. The sample in this study was 81 students of the Culinary Education Study Program, Semarang State University, Class of 2021. Nutritional literacy is measured by The Nutrition Literacy Assessment Instrument (NLit). Energy and protein adequacy was measured using a food recall instrument for two days. Data analysis used percentage descriptive analysis for objectives 1-3 and simple linear regression for objectives 4-5. The results showed that the level of nutritional literacy on average was in the less category with a percentage of 63.4%. Energy adequacy shows an average value in the category of moderate level deficit with a percentage of 73%. Protein adequacy shows an average value in the mild deficit category with a percentage of 87.6%. The results of simple linear regression analysis showed that there was no significant effect between nutritional literacy and energy adequacy (p = 0.698) and there was no significant effect between nutritional literacy and protein adequacy (p = 0.812). These results indicate that students' understanding of nutritional literacy has not been able to fulfill proper nutritional adequacy.

 

Keywords: Nutritional literacy, energy adequacy, protein adequacy
Evaluation of the Implementation of Healthy Food Provision for Early Childhood at Muslimat Nu Puton Kindergarten in Pekalongan
Authors: Amin Moh. Hikam Istifaul , Wahyuningsih Wahyuningsih , Fathonah Siti , Sugeng Bambang
Published: March 2024

Early Childhood Education in addition to providing educational services as well in the form of early childhood nutritional health services implemented through provision of a healthy and nutritionally balanced diet to help growth and support physical and spiritual development, as well as to help develop the potential for spiritual, intellectual, emotional and social intelligence in early childhood through the Provision of Healthy Food. The aims of this study were 1) to find out the mechanism for implementing healthy food at the Muslimat NU Puton Kindergarten in Pekalongan. 2) To find out the criteria for providing healthy food at the Muslimat NU Puton Kindergarten in Pekalongan. 3) To find out the extent of achievement in implementing healthy food at the Muslimat NU Puton Kindergarten in Pekalongan. The method used in this research is descriptive qualitative. Data collection techniques using interview techniques, observation, and documentation.

The results showed that 1) The implementation of healthy food for young children in Muslimat Kindergarten NU Puton Pekalongan is given once a week which is held every Thursday at 10.00 WIB for lunch for children after carrying out learning and playing activities, the menu given every week is different Different, namely in the form of healthy snacks/snacks and main meals so that children don't get bored of receiving healthy food at school. 2) The criteria for providing healthy food to children at the Muslimat NU Puton Pekalongan Kindergarten have not been fully implemented in accordance with the existing criteria, the criteria that have not been implemented are that in the process of making food for cooks they have not used personal protective equipment (PPE) and the food ingredients used have not been fully using local ingredients. 3) The achievement of implementing healthy food at the Muslimat NU Puton Kindergarten in Pekalongan seen from the aspect of increasing children's development according to their age stages, increasing children's weight and height, as well as parental involvement in parenting activities can be said to be successful.
Rheology of Dispersions as Two Phase Systems
Authors:   Department of Paper Science, Western Michigan University, Kline James E.
Published: March 2024

Following a brief review of past practices, an equation for the relationship between measured viscosity and volume solids is derived. The derivation of the equation is based on the concept of shear induced anisotropy, which is also presented. Using data developed on polystyrene and titanium dioxide dispersions, the equation is shown to be valid over a wide solids range. The equation allows the calculation of the degree of packing of the dispersed particles through the use of the relative shear volume. The equation and the shear induced anisotropy concept are then applied to the known properties of paper coatings. This discussion gives further insight into the hydrodynamics of blade coating and the nature of pseudoplastic and dilatant systems.
Mechanism of Self-Sizing of Paper
Authors:   Pulp and Paper Research Institute of Canada, Aspler J. S. , Chauret N. ,   Pulp and Paper Research Institute of Canada, Lyne M. B. ,   Pulp and Paper Research Institute of Canada
Published: March 2024

Investigations on the self-sizing of a pure cellulose paper show that surfactant acts to prevent self-sizing by solubilizing fatty acid molecules and forming a physical barrier to chemical bond formation between cellulose and fatty acid molecules. The acceleration of self-sizing by alum has a mechanism similar to that of conventional rosin-alum sizing: the formation and polymerization of aluminum soaps on the fibre surface. It is suggested that the reaction between cellulose hydroxyl groups and aluminum soaps, as proposed in the literature, is not likely. Instead, material that is not solvent-extractable is either extensively polymerized or reacted with residual carboxyl groups on the fibre surface.
Determination of Ion-Exchanged Capacity of Carboxymethylated Cellulose Fibers Using Colloid and Conductometric Titrations
Authors:   Swedish Forest Products Research Laboratory, Paper Technology Department, Wagberg Lars , Winter Lars ,   Swedish Forest Products Research Laboratory, Paper Technology Department, Lindstrom Tom ,   Swedish Forest Products Research Laboratory, Paper Technology Department
Published: March 2024

The carboxyl group content of a series of carboxymethylated pulps has been determined by a colloid titration method, by conductometric titration and by means of 14C-labelling and the values obtained by the different methods have been compared. It is shown that, under certain experimental conditions, the colloid titration method can be used to determine the carboxyl group content of cellulose fibers.
Improving the methord of collaborative filtering by integrating semantic and temporal factors and the methord of cluster analysis.
Authors:   Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Ukraine, Ye Ivohin , G Shelyakin ,   Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Ukraine, M Makhno ,   Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Ukraine
Published: March 2024

The article examines the algorithm for generating recommendations based on collaborative filtering, taking into account the influence of semantic and time factors and its improvement using cluster analysis methods in order to reduce the load on the recommendation system and improve the quality of recommendations by filtering out meaningless content and preserving the context during the generation of recommendations. The impact of semantic and time factors on the quality of the recommendation system (error in estimation approximation) and the application of the cluster analysis method on the speed of the system with a large set of data are analyzed. A technique for accelerating the processing of received data about users is proposed, which consists in an attempt to take into account the fact that users' interests change over time and the possibility of breaking down the content of statistical data by a set of specific features. A data preprocessing procedure (data aggregation) was formulated for the method of collaborative filtering based on comparisons of objects using the clustering method, which made it possible to reduce the complexity of calculations and, accordingly, the time for the formation of recommendations. An algorithm for calculating the object's assessment is presented, taking into account temporal and semantic factors. The software was developed, the adequacy of the proposed method was verified using data sets from different domain areas. As a result of the verification, it was found that the modified algorithm has better performance indicators compared to the naive method
Treatments for ADHD in Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Review
Authors: Peterson Bradley S. , Trampush Joey , Maglione Margaret , Bolshakova Maria , Rozelle Mary , Miles Jeremy , Pakdaman Sheila , Brown Morah , Yagyu Sachi , Motala Aneesa , Hempel Susanne
Published: March 2024

CONTEXT

Effective treatment of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is essential to improving youth outcomes.

OBJECTIVES

This systematic review provides an overview of the available treatment options.

DATA SOURCES

We identified controlled treatment evaluations in 12 databases published from 1980 to June 2023; treatments were not restricted by intervention content.

STUDY SELECTION

Studies in children and adolescents with clinically diagnosed ADHD, reporting patient health and psychosocial outcomes, were eligible. Publications were screened by trained reviewers, supported by machine learning.

DATA EXTRACTION

Data were abstracted and critically appraised by 1 reviewer and checked by a methodologist. Data were pooled using random-effects models. Strength of evidence and applicability assessments followed Evidence-based Practice Center standards.

RESULTS

In total, 312 studies reported in 540 publications were included. We grouped evidence for medication, psychosocial interventions, parent support, nutrition and supplements, neurofeedback, neurostimulation, physical exercise, complementary medicine, school interventions, and provider approaches. Several treatments improved ADHD symptoms. Medications had the strongest evidence base for improving outcomes, including disruptive behaviors and broadband measures, but were associated with adverse events.

LIMITATIONS

We found limited evidence of studies comparing alternative treatments directly and indirect analyses identified few systematic differences across stimulants and nonstimulants. Identified combination of medication with youth-directed psychosocial interventions did not systematically produce better results than monotherapy, though few combinations have been evaluated.

CONCLUSIONS

A growing number of treatments are available that improve ADHD symptoms and other outcomes, in particular for school-aged youth. Medication therapies remain important treatment options but are associated with adverse events.
Aproximación a los proyectos de colonias ganaderas alemanas en Chile y sus discursos imperialistas (Llanquihue, 1898-1912)
Authors: Muñoz Sougarret Jorge Ernesto
Published: March 2024

A inicios del siglo XX, la posición diplomática del gobierno chileno se había debilitado como resultado de la condena internacional a sus actuaciones posteriores a la Guerra del Pacífico. Con miras a revertir este proceso, Chile buscó respaldo en los países europeos, particularmente en Alemania. Los grupos empresariales de Bremen vieron allí una oportunidad para establecerse y producir lana para ser exportada, formándose compañías en alianza con prominentes actores políticos chilenos, que presionaron al Gobierno para obtener concesiones de tierra pública. Este artículo problematiza la tesis del proyecto colonialista alemán en Chile, indicando que respondió a un recurso retórico del canciller alemán en Chile y que no tuvo correlato en la política exterior de Alemania.
Euroscepticism in the Discourse of “Russian Parties” in Estonia
Authors: Tambi Sergey A.
Published: March 2024

Introduction. The party-political system of Estonia, with traditionally Euro-optimistic elites leading it, was previously characterized by the presence of a number of so-called “Russian political parties”, which traditionally professed Euroscepticism and criticized the European Union as whole or certain areas of its activities. The purpose of the article is to determine the specific features of the Eurosceptic party discourse of “Russian parties” in Estonia. Materials and Methods. The information basis of the paper consisted of the results obtained using a combination of the comparative method (method of comparative analysis) and the method of discourse analysis. A single case study design was chosen for the paper. The data obtained as a result of using the discourse analysis method made it possible to study the indicators of the Eurosceptic discourse of “Russian parties” and process their programs, manifestos, electoral platforms, as well as statements of their high-ranking representatives. Results. It was revealed that the use of Euroscepticism by the analyzed “Russian parties” when targeting the Russian-speaking diaspora of the state in a number of cases (for example, in case of the Estonian Center Party) has shown some efficacy, allowing it to mobilize the electorate among Russian-speaking citizens. However, it was found that for small marginal “Russian parties” in Estonia this did not demonstrate productivity and benefit, since such efforts did not bring them a significant number of votes in elections at various levels. Most of them, adhering to Eurosceptic protest declarations, were never able to take part in “mainstream politics” of Estonia; thereby they failed to implement their Eurosceptic political agenda. Discussion and Conclusion. The results allow us to conclude that a specific characteristic of the Eurosceptic party discourse of the majority of “Russian parties” in Estonia is its focus on pragmatism for ethnic Russian residents living in this state in the form of concrete results that are useful for them: the desire to improve the existing discriminatory position of ethnic Russian population in Estonia through appealing to Brussels, to solve the problem of so called non-citizens, and, finally, to establish good relations between Estonia and its eastern neighbor state – Russia. The results of this study can find application in the academic activities of universities in our country, may be of interest to political and regional scientists studying political processes in the Baltic States.
The Correlation Between STE(A)M Education and Teachers' Digital Competence
Authors: Zhelyazkova Mariya , Nikolova Mariyana
Published: March 2024

The current article discusses teachers' digital competence and possible ways to enhance it through STEAM approach. It also provides examples and parameters related to using the potential of digital technologies in the application of STEAM, including the development of educators' knowledge and skills in all areas of digital competence. An analysis of the results of a survey among 200 Bulgarian teachers on their attitude towards STEAM learning and the competences developed through the approach is presented.
Cumulative effect of arsenic on the number of mouse offspring and the female reproductive hormones in mice
Authors: Birinji Anita , Pogrmić-Majkić Kristina , Mihaljev Željko , Marin Marija , Lalošević Dušan
Published: March 2024

In this study, we evaluated the cumulative effects of arsenic (III) oxide on the number of mouse offspring over three consecutive generations and monitored changes in levels of the reproductive hormones, oestradiol and progesterone in female mice during the dioestrus phase of the cycle. The control group received water from the mains. In two experimental groups, mice were given drinking water containing dissolved arsenic (III) oxide at concentrations of 10.6 mg L−1 and 106 mg L−1, respectively. These concentrations represent the values converted from a human model to an animal model (mice) thus correspond to the arsenic content of the groundwater in the southern part of the Pannonian Basin, in the province of Vojvodina, in the Banat region, in particular in the town of Zrenjanin. The average number of newborn mice in both experimental groups decreased for three consecutive generations. The total arsenic content of day-old mice did not show significant differences between the experimental groups. Arsenic (III) oxide affected the reproductive hormone levels of female mice at both concentrations.
Characterisation of probiotic fermented milks produced from goat milk containing low or high somatic cell counts
Authors:   Ege University, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Dairy Technology, Izmir, Turkey, Karagözlü Cem
Published: March 2024

Probiotic fermented milks were produced from goat milk containing two different somatic cell counts (SCC) at low (<500.000 cells/mL) and high (>1.500.000 cells/mL) levels. The produced samples were analysed for some chemical, textural, microbiological and sensory properties. The samples made from high SCC goat milk had higher lipolytic activity. The viscosity and hardness of probiotic fermented milks with low SCC were higher than that of the higher SCC samples. Probiotic fermented milks produced with low SCC achieved higher sensory scores and the viability of the starter bacteria was more stable in these samples.
Generating Genre-Based Automatic Feedback on English for Research Publication Purposes
Authors: Link Stephanie , Redmon Robert , Shamsi Yaser , Hagan Martin
Published: March 2024

Artificial intelligence (AI) for supporting second language (L2) writing processes and practices has garnered increasing interest in recent years, establishing AI-mediated L2 writing as a new norm for many multilingual classrooms. As such, the emergence of AI-mediated technologies has challenged L2 writing instructors and their philosophies regarding computer-assisted language learning (CALL) and teaching. Technologies that can combine principled pedagogical practices and the benefits of AI can help to change the landscape of L2 writing instruction while maintaining the integrity of knowledge production that is so important to CALL instructors. To align L2 instructional practices and CALL technologies, we discuss the development of an AI-mediated L2 writing technology that leverages genre-based instruction (GBI) and large language models to provide L2 writers and instructors with tools to enhance English for research publication purposes. Our work reports on the accuracy, precision, and recall of our network classification, which surpass previously reported research in the field of genre-based automated writing evaluation by offering a faster network training approach with higher accuracy of feedback provision and new beginnings for genre-based learning systems. Implications for tool development and GBI are discussed.
Superficial venous arterialization with the great saphenous vein in situ: a single-center experience
Authors: Silva Karlene Thayane Barros da , Manhanelli Filho Marcos Antonio Bonacorso , Morad José Francisco Moron , Linardi Fábio , Costa José Augusto
Published: March 2024

Abstract Background Arterialization of the dorsal venous arch of the foot is a technique indicated in cases of critical lower limb ischemia that do not have a distal bed that is adequate to enable conventional treatment such as revascularization, angioplasty, or clinical treatment. Objectives The purpose of this study is to present the result of arterialization of the venous arch of the foot in 16 patients who underwent treatment with this technique. Methods This is a cross-sectional retrospective descriptive analytical study based on a review of the medical records of 16 patients who underwent arterialization of the dorsal venous arch of the foot for limb salvage from January 2016 to January 2021. Results Four (25%) of the 16 patients who underwent arterialization of the venous arch of the foot underwent a major amputation during the same hospital stay and one patient (6.25%) had a major amputation within 6 months. The other 11 patients (68.75%) had their limbs preserved, with 10 undergoing minor amputations (toes and forefoot) and one patient having no additional procedures. Conclusions We conclude that the technique of arterialization of the dorsal venous arch of the foot should be considered in selected cases. It is a valid alternative for limb salvage when conventional treatment is impossible.
Economía sexual macua: reciprocidad, sexualidad y género en Mozambique
Authors: Gracia Ane Sesma , Cerdeño Soledad Vieitez , Ruiz Roser Manzanera
Published: March 2024

Resumen: El mito de origen de la matrilinealidad macua conecta las relaciones sexuales y el intercambio económico entre mujeres y hombres. El objetivo de este artículo es analizar las continuidades en las concepciones sobre sexualidad y agencia por parte de las mujeres macua a través del mito. Este artículo se basa en la investigación etnográfica realizada por la primera autora durante 12 meses (2018-2019). Los resultados muestran una actualización de este mito a la realidad macua, sumergida en la economía global, que sirve como instrumento para redefinir y renegociar las relaciones de género.
Pensando una metodología feminista desde el trabajo de Pandora Colectivo Teatral
Authors: Cifuentes-Padilla Javiera Pamela
Published: March 2024

Resumen: El presente estudio reflexiona sobre las potencialidades de una metodología feminista a partir del proceso creativo de la obra De género. El opresor no sería tan fuerte si no tuviese cómplices entre los propios oprimidos de Pandora Colectivo Teatral, Chile. Para el cometido, realizo una caracterización del patriarcado como forma de producción de conocimiento vigente que estructura las relaciones sociales y todo vínculo con la vida. Indago en las contestaciones de distintos feminismos desde dimensiones epistemológicas y metodológicas, y reflexiono cómo es que el trabajo teatral de Colectivo Pandora se articula como una metodología con principios feministas y cuáles son sus potencialidades. Nuestras luchas como mujeres en el mundo nos exigen subvertir los límites normativos de una construcción del saber patriarcal, para reconocer, valorar y potenciar prácticas que nos permitan repensar el conocimiento más allá de las fronteras académicas.
Tinta y espejos: la autoetnografía como apuesta feminista
Authors: Romero Plana Virginia
Published: March 2024

Resumen: El artículo presenta un análisis de las inquietudes, las resistencias y los aportes (intra)personales que las autoetnografías feministas recogen en su haber desde y para el quehacer de los distintos feminismos. A partir de una revisión integradora y sistematizada de la producción científica de mujeres en las últimas dos décadas, se analiza la elección de la autoetnografía como vía de exploración profunda de sus experiencias de ser, estar, sentir, pensar y hacer como mujeres desde la crítica feminista, abordando la construcción de miradas autoanalíticas, la herencia de la etnografía feminista y la inclusión de nuevos posicionamientos desde y hacia los feminismos. La autoetnografía se configura como una herramienta de empoderamiento, agencia política, solidaridad, sanación, conciliación y vinculación con los retos feministas actuales. Este trabajo reflexiona y contribuye a subrayar la autoetnografía como una apuesta feminista.
“Como en familia”: Relaciones sociales en centros comunitarios
Authors: Robles-Silva Leticia
Published: March 2024

Resumen: El objetivo es analizar las relaciones sociales resignificadas “como en familia” en centros comunitarios. El estudio es una etnografía realizada en Paysandú, Uruguay, con 84 personas ancianas quienes viven solas, y que participaron en entrevistas individuales y en grupos focales. Para el análisis de las narrativas se utilizó análisis de discurso, análisis de metáforas y análisis de contenido. Los resultados muestran un proceso de resignificación de las relaciones entre compañeros en términos de relaciones familiares, cuyo sentido se sustentan en los significados y prácticas del sistema de parentesco consanguíneo. Esta resignificación es realizada por las mujeres ancianas, pero no por los ancianos varones. En base a los hallazgos, la familia continúa como un fuerte referente cultural entre estas mujeres ancianas, al resignificar relaciones entre extraños en términos de familia.
Color measurements in annatto (Bixa orellana L.) seeds
Authors: Carvalho Paulo Roberto Nogueira , Silva Mariana Aparecida Almeida da , Oliveira João Victor Silva de , Fabri Eliane Gomes , Silva Marta Gomes da
Published: March 2024

Abstract Brazil has emerged as the world's largest producer of annatto seeds (Bixa orellana L.). Fortunately, the increase in national production has been accompanied by an improvement in the quality of this raw material. Annatto is a typical crop of small producers who usually use their empirical knowledge to evaluate the quality of the crop. Thefore, the visual observation of the color of annatto seeds has been considered a quality standard by many producers. To evaluate the scientific evidence, the present study evaluated annatto seeds from 51 accessions of the germplasm bank of the Agronomic Institute (Instituto Agronômico de Campinas - IAC) to determine a possible correlation between the pigment’s contents and the color of annatto seeds as well as the influence of humidity on this correlation. The correlations between the concentrations of pigments, humidity, lipids, and color (L*, a*, b*) were also evaluated. The color was evaluated using a colorimeter with measurements of the CIE L*, a*, b* scale. Only the correlation between the variables moisture and lipids was considered strong through the simple correlation, while the variables bixin content and coordinate a* presented a significant correlation while eliminating the effect of moisture (partial correlation). Thus, a correlation between the red color and the bixin concentration of annatto seeds was observed even though it was a weak correlation. In turn, the color difference (ΔEab) between the samples with higher and lower bixin contents was only 1.44. This difference indicates that large variations in the bixin concentrations may lead to small color changes in the annatto seeds, impairing the use of this criterion for quality control of these seeds.
A Liderança Vai Embora, e Agora? Mudança Organizacional em um Parque Tecnológico
Authors: Costa Isabel de Sá Affonso da , Tavares Elaine Maria
Published: March 2024

RESUMO Este caso para ensino descreve o processo de mudança organizacional do Parque Tecnológico da Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro - PTEC-UFRJ, organização que desempenha papel fundamental no ecossistema de inovação da universidade e do estado em que se localiza. A mudança vem sendo implantada desde 2019 com base na visão de uma liderança que entende que a sustentabilidade econômica do Parque depende de redirecionamento estratégico e transformação das atitudes e comportamentos dos colaboradores, além de revisões nas configurações internas de processos e responsabilidades. No entanto, o PTEC-UFRJ apresenta a particularidade de ter sua liderança escolhida pela Reitoria da UFRJ. Nesse contexto, iniciativas gerenciais adequadas para sustentação e continuidade das mudanças são aspectos fundamentais para assegurar as conquistas alcançadas. O caso relata as decisões e ações que o diretor executivo do PTEC-UFRJ tomou no sentido de orientar a mudança estratégica no Parque, frente aos desafios enfrentados. Tendo em vista os resultados e objetivos já atingidos, o mais relevante é discutir as perspectivas futuras, o papel da liderança e as políticas e práticas organizacionais que garantam a sustentação da mudança.
ICT4D Research: The Lame Duck of the Brazilian Academy of Management
Authors: Joia Luiz Antonio
Published: March 2024

ABSTRACT Objectives: nearly 50% of people in developing countries suffer from extreme poverty. Consequently, a debate has emerged about the potential of ICT to improve socio-economic conditions prevailing in impoverished nations. This discussion has given rise to a burgeoning field of research known as ICT for development (ICT4D). However, most academics in the ICT4D arena do not come from developing countries, nor do they reside in these regions - the main beneficiaries of ICT4D initiatives. This is the case of Brazil, a country characterized by significant socioeconomic disparities, where this field of study has aroused little interest among the scientific community and thus continues to be largely under-researched. Thus, the objective of this paper is to make sense of that phenomenon. Provocations: as most of the ICT4D knowledge base has been generated either by academics who are not originally from developing countries or by academics native to developing countries who currently reside in developed countries, a provocation can be made, namely, considering that ICT4D initiatives can improve the quality of life of people, why haven’t Brazilian scholars prioritized research in this area? Conclusion: as a provocative paper, our main objective is to debate on the aforementioned issue. For this, we should listen to the Brazilian Academy of Management - mainly the academics of the ANPAD’s Information Management division - to address and solve this puzzle, so that ICT4D research in Brazil can be encouraged with a view to causing a real impact on our society.
Execução das penas alternativas: análise gerencial e criminológica
Authors: Gagliardi Ricardo , Medina Patrícia
Published: March 2024

Resumo Este artigo analisa a execução das penas alternativas, sob os enfoques gerencial e criminológico, a partir dos critérios da eficiência e da eficácia. Para tanto, baseamo-nos em pesquisa documental de processos judiciais baixados entre os anos de 2015 e 2016 e que abrangiam as unidades judiciárias do estado do Tocantins, bem como em revisões sistemáticas de literatura e de jurisprudência. A análise crítica dos dados segue pressupostos teóricos dos modelos da administração pública gerencial e da criminologia de terceira geração das inter-relações sociais, especialmente a teorização da criminologia clínica de inclusão social. Ao final, podem-se extrair evidências concretas acerca da ineficiência e da ineficácia gerencial e criminológica da execução das penas alternativas. Isso coloca em crise o modelo de responsabilização em meio aberto, diante de seus métodos e instrumentos vigentes, pelo fato de não serem capazes de romper com a atual racionalidade punitiva.
Vidas bagaços! Os processos de vulnerabilização enfrentados pelos trabalhadores-migrantes nos canaviais de São Paulo e da Bahia
Authors: Costa Polyana Felipe Ferreira da , Costa André Monteiro , Silva Marcelo Saturnino da
Published: March 2024

Resumo Objetivo: compreender os processos de vulnerabilização enfrentados pelos trabalhadores-migrantes canavieiros diante do avanço da mecanização. Métodos: abordagem qualitativa pautada na abordagem metodológica da Reprodução Social da Saúde proposta por Juan Samaja, nas dimensões biocumunal, tecnoeconômica e política. Foram realizadas 18 entrevistas semiestruturadas com trabalhadores-migrantes canavieiros no período de abril de 2020 a dezembro de 2021. Resultados: na dimensão tecnoeconômica verificou-se que na usina A o trabalhador se tornou polivalente, com a presença do trabalho em equipe e a introdução de tecnologias para aumentar o controle do trabalho. Na usina B, os trabalhadores encontram piores condições de trabalho devido à irrigação, à irregularidade dos terrenos, à presença de pedras e à exposição às queimadas. Na dimensão biocomunal, foram identificados potencialização dos acidentes, uso de agrotóxicos, distúrbios hidroeletrolíticos e problemas cardiovasculares. Na dimensão política, foi observada a precariedade da assistência à saúde do trabalhador canavieiro. Conclusão: a intensificação da mecanização na colheita de cana-de-açúcar não melhorou as condições de trabalho dos cortadores, ao contrário, provocou a perpetuação de velhos e a inserção de novos processos de vulnerabilização.
Como se escolhem os escolhidos?: nota metodológica sobre a definição do grupo-alvo em prosopografia
Authors: Heinz Flavio M.
Published: March 2024

Resumo Este artigo aborda o método da prosopografia e oferece recomendações práticas para sua aplicação na pesquisa histórica. O autor baseia-se em suas próprias experiências e compartilha casos reais e desafios enfrentados por pesquisadores, em especial estudantes de pós-graduação, para enfatizar soluções práticas, sobretudo na definição do grupo-alvo da pesquisa. Ele destaca os desafios envolvidos nessa etapa crítica e os potenciais riscos de uma definição inadequada do grupo para as fases posteriores do processo de pesquisa, bem como o imenso potencial da prosopografia no campo da história social contemporânea e da micro-história. Além disso, o artigo destaca a necessidade e os benefícios do trabalho colaborativo em pesquisa, na reunião de recursos, no treinamento de jovens pesquisadores, no compartilhamento de experiências e na disseminação de técnicas, oferecendo uma alternativa às experiências de pesquisa solitárias. Em resumo, este artigo fornece insights sobre procedimentos práticos em prosopografia, com foco na definição do grupo-alvo.
Neural Embeddings for kNN Search in Biological Sequence
Authors: Chang Zhihao , Yu Linzhu , Xu Yanchao , Hu Wentao
Published: March 2024

Biological sequence nearest neighbor search plays a fundamental role in bioinformatics. To alleviate the pain of quadratic complexity for conventional distance computation, neural distance embeddings, which project sequences into geometric space, have been recognized as a promising paradigm. To maintain the distance order between sequences, these models all deploy triplet loss and use intuitive methods to select a subset of triplets for training from a vast selection space. However, we observed that such training often enables models to distinguish only a fraction of distance orders, leaving others unrecognized. Moreover, naively selecting more triplets for training under the state-of-the-art network not only adds costs but also hampers model performance.
In this paper, we introduce Bio-kNN: a kNN search framework for biological sequences. It includes a systematic triplet selection method and a multi-head network, enhancing the discernment of all distance orders without increasing training expenses. Initially, we propose a clustering-based approach to partition all triplets into several clusters with similar properties, and then select triplets from these clusters using an innovative strategy. Meanwhile, we noticed that simultaneously training different types of triplets in the same network cannot achieve the expected performance, thus we propose a multi-head network to tackle this. Our network employs a convolutional neural network(CNN) to extract local features shared by all clusters, and then learns a multi-layer perception(MLP) head for each cluster separately. Besides, we treat CNN as a special head, thereby integrating crucial local features which are neglected in previous models into our model for similarity recognition. Extensive experiments show that our Bio-kNN significantly outperforms the state-of-the-art methods on two large-scale datasets without increasing the training cost.
GIN-SD: Source Detection in Graphs with Incomplete Nodes via Positional Encoding and Attentive Fusion
Authors: Cheng Le , Zhu Peican , Tang Keke , Gao Chao , Wang Zhen
Published: March 2024

Source detection in graphs has demonstrated robust efficacy in the domain of rumor source identification. Although recent solutions have enhanced performance by leveraging deep neural networks, they often require complete user data. In this paper, we address a more challenging task, rumor source detection with incomplete user data, and propose a novel framework, i.e., Source Detection in Graphs with Incomplete Nodes via Positional Encoding and Attentive Fusion (GIN-SD), to tackle this challenge. Specifically, our approach utilizes a positional embedding module to distinguish nodes that are incomplete and employs a self-attention mechanism to focus on nodes with greater information transmission capacity. To mitigate the prediction bias caused by the significant disparity between the numbers of source and non-source nodes, we also introduce a class-balancing mechanism. Extensive experiments validate the effectiveness of GIN-SD and its superiority to state-of-the-art methods.
Generalizable Sleep Staging via Multi-Level Domain Alignment
Authors: Wang Jiquan , Zhao Sha , Jiang Haiteng , Li Shijian , Li Tao , Pan Gang
Published: March 2024

Automatic sleep staging is essential for sleep assessment and disorder diagnosis. Most existing methods depend on one specific dataset and are limited to be generalized to other unseen datasets, for which the training data and testing data are from the same dataset. In this paper, we introduce domain generalization into automatic sleep staging and propose the task of generalizable sleep staging which aims to improve the model generalization ability to unseen datasets. Inspired by existing domain generalization methods, we adopt the feature alignment idea and propose a framework called SleepDG to solve it. Considering both of local salient features and sequential features are important for sleep staging, we propose a Multi-level Feature Alignment combining epoch-level and sequence-level feature alignment to learn domain-invariant feature representations. Specifically, we design an Epoch-level Feature Alignment to align the feature distribution of each single sleep epoch among different domains, and a Sequence-level Feature Alignment to minimize the discrepancy of sequential features among different domains. SleepDG is validated on five public datasets, achieving the state-of-the-art performance.
Hot or Cold? Adaptive Temperature Sampling for Code Generation with Large Language Models
Authors: Zhu Yuqi , Li Jia , Li Ge , Zhao YunFei , Li Jia , Jin Zhi , Mei Hong
Published: March 2024

Recently, Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown impressive abilities in code generation. However, existing LLMs' decoding strategies are designed for Natural Language (NL) generation, overlooking the differences between NL and programming languages (PL). Due to this oversight, a better decoding strategy for code generation remains an open question. In this paper, we conduct the first systematic study to explore a decoding strategy specialized in code generation. With an analysis of loss distributions of code tokens, we find that code tokens can be divided into two categories: challenging tokens that are difficult to predict and confident tokens that can be easily inferred. Among them, the challenging tokens mainly appear at the beginning of a code block. Inspired by the above findings, we propose a simple yet effective method: Adaptive Temperature (AdapT) sampling, which dynamically adjusts the temperature coefficient when decoding different tokens. We apply a larger temperature when sampling for challenging tokens, allowing LLMs to explore diverse choices. We employ a smaller temperature for confident tokens avoiding the influence of tail randomness noises. We apply AdapT sampling to LLMs with different sizes and conduct evaluations on two popular datasets. Results show that AdapT sampling significantly outperforms state-of-the-art decoding strategy.
Trend-Aware Supervision: On Learning Invariance for Semi-supervised Facial Action Unit Intensity Estimation
Authors: Chen Yingjie , Zhang Jiarui , Wang Tao , Liang Yun
Published: March 2024

With the increasing need for facial behavior analysis, semi-supervised AU intensity estimation using only keyframe annotations has emerged as a practical and effective solution to relieve the burden of annotation. However, the lack of annotations makes the spurious correlation problem caused by AU co-occurrences and subject variation much more prominent, leading to non-robust intensity estimation that is entangled among AUs and biased among subjects. We observe that trend information inherent in keyframe annotations could act as extra supervision and raising the awareness of AU-specific facial appearance changing trends during training is the key to learning invariant AU-specific features. To this end, we propose Trend-AwareSupervision (TAS), which pursues three kinds of trend awareness, including intra-trend ranking awareness, intra-trend speed awareness, and inter-trend subject awareness. TAS alleviates the spurious correlation problem by raising trend awareness during training to learn AU-specific features that represent the corresponding facial appearance changes, to achieve intensity estimation invariance. Experiments conducted on two commonly used AU benchmark datasets, BP4D and DISFA, show the effectiveness of each kind of awareness. And under trend-aware supervision, the performance can be improved without extra computational or storage costs during inference.
Successive POI Recommendation via Brain-Inspired Spatiotemporal Aware Representation
Authors: Ma Gehua , Wang He , Zhao Jingyuan , Yan Rui , Tang Huajin
Published: March 2024

Existing approaches usually perform spatiotemporal representation in the spatial and temporal dimensions, respectively, which isolates the spatial and temporal natures of the target and leads to sub-optimal embeddings. Neuroscience research has shown that the mammalian brain entorhinal-hippocampal system provides efficient graph representations for general knowledge. Moreover, entorhinal grid cells present concise spatial representations, while hippocampal place cells represent perception conjunctions effectively. Thus, the entorhinal-hippocampal system provides a novel angle for spatiotemporal representation, which inspires us to propose the SpatioTemporal aware Embedding framework (STE) and apply it to POIs (STEP). STEP considers two types of POI-specific representations: sequential representation and spatiotemporal conjunctive representation, learned using sparse unlabeled data based on the proposed graph-building policies. Notably, STEP jointly represents the spatiotemporal natures of POIs using both observations and contextual information from integrated spatiotemporal dimensions by constructing a spatiotemporal context graph. Furthermore, we introduce a successive POI recommendation method using STEP, which achieves state-of-the-art performance on two benchmarks. In addition, we demonstrate the excellent performance of the STE representation approach in other spatiotemporal representation-centered tasks through a case study of the traffic flow prediction problem. Therefore, this work provides a novel solution to spatiotemporal representation and paves a new way for spatiotemporal modeling-related tasks.
BDIQA: A New Dataset for Video Question Answering to Explore Cognitive Reasoning through Theory of Mind
Authors: Mao Yuanyuan , Lin Xin , Ni Qin , He Liang
Published: March 2024

As a foundational component of cognitive intelligence, theory of mind (ToM) can make AI more closely resemble human thought processes, thereby enhancing their interaction and collaboration with human. In particular, it can significantly improve a model's comprehension of videos in complex scenes. However, current video question answer (VideoQA) datasets focus on studying causal reasoning within events, few of them genuinely incorporating human ToM. Consequently, there is a lack of development in ToM reasoning tasks within the area of VideoQA. This paper presents BDIQA, the first benchmark to explore the cognitive reasoning capabilities of VideoQA models in the context of ToM. BDIQA is inspired by the cognitive development of children's ToM and addresses the current deficiencies in machine ToM within datasets and tasks. Specifically, it offers tasks at two difficulty levels, assessing Belief, Desire and Intention (BDI) reasoning in both simple and complex scenarios. We conduct evaluations on several mainstream methods of VideoQA and diagnose their capabilities with zero-shot, few-shot and supervised learning. We find that the performance of pre-trained models on cognitive reasoning tasks remains unsatisfactory. To counter this challenge, we undertake thorough analysis and experimentation, ultimately presenting two guidelines to enhance cognitive reasoning derived from ablation analysis.
Elijah: Eliminating Backdoors Injected in Diffusion Models via Distribution Shift
Authors: An Shengwei , Chou Sheng-Yen , Zhang Kaiyuan , Xu Qiuling , Tao Guanhong , Shen Guangyu , Cheng Siyuan , Ma Shiqing , Chen Pin-Yu , Ho Tsung-Yi , Zhang Xiangyu
Published: March 2024

Diffusion models (DM) have become state-of-the-art generative models because of their capability of generating high-quality images from noises without adversarial training. However, they are vulnerable to backdoor attacks as reported by recent studies. When a data input (e.g., some Gaussian noise) is stamped with a trigger (e.g., a white patch), the backdoored model always generates the target image (e.g., an improper photo). However, effective defense strategies to mitigate backdoors from DMs are underexplored. To bridge this gap, we propose the first backdoor detection and removal framework for DMs. We evaluate our framework Elijah on over hundreds of DMs of 3 types including DDPM, NCSN and LDM, with 13 samplers against 3 existing backdoor attacks. Extensive experiments show that our approach can have close to 100% detection accuracy and reduce the backdoor effects to close to zero without significantly sacrificing the model utility.