bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pengaruh Kemampuan Membaca Pemahaman dan Minat Belajar terhadap Kemampuan Menulis Cerita Pendek
Authors: Marinan Marinan
Published: April 2021

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui Pengaruh kemampuan membaca pemahaman dan minat belajar terhadap Kemampuan Menulis cerita pendek. Metode Penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode survey deskriptif yaitu suatu metoda penelitian yang mengambil sampel dari suatu populasi dan menggunakan kuesioner sebagai alat pengumpulan data. Jumlah sampel yang diambil sebanyak 4 kelas dari 2 sekolah yaitu SMP PGRI 338 dan MTs Daarussalam Kabupaten Tangerang. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa: 1). Terdapat pengaruh yang signifikan kemampuan membaca pemahaman dan minat belajar secara bersama-sama terhadap kemampuan menulis cerita pendek siswa SMP Swasta Kabupaten Tangerang. Hal ini dibuktikan dengan perolehan nilai Sig. 0,005 < 0,05 dan Fhitung = 5,744 Secara bersama-sama variabel kemampuan membaca pemahaman dan minat belajar memberikan kontribusi sebesar 13% terhadap variabel kemampuan menulis cerita pendek. (2) terdapat pengaruh yang signifikan kemampuan membaca pemahaman terhadap kemampuan menulis cerita pendek siswa SMP Swasta Kabupaten Tangerang.  Hal ini dibuktikan dengan perolehan nilai Sig. 0,010 < 0,05 dan thitung = 2,645. Kontribusi yang diberikan variabel membaca pemahaman terhadap kemampuan menulis cerita pendek sebesar 7,24 %. (3) terdapat pengaruh yang signifikan minat belajar terhadap kemampuan menulis cerita pendek siswa SMP Swasta Kabupaten Tangerang.  Hal ini dibuktikan dengan perolehan nilai Sig. 0,019 < 0,05 dan thitung = 2,387.  Variabel minat belajar ini memberikan kontribusi kepada peningkatkan kemampuan menulis cerita pendek siswa sebesar 5,74%.
Kata Kunci: membaca pemahaman siswa, minat belajar, dan menulis cerita pendek
Aspek Citraan dan Bahasa Figuratif pada Buku Antologi Puisi “Suluk Nang, Ning, Nung” Karya Handoko F. Zainsam
Authors: Fatmawati Nadia Eka
Published: April 2021

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui citraan dana bahasa figuratif yang terdapat dalam buku antologi puisi “Suluk, Nang, Ning, Nung” karya Handoko F. Zainsam. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode analisis isi berupa analisis deskriptif. Fokus penelitian adalah analisis seluruh jenis citraan dan bahasa figuratif pada antologi puisi “Suluk Nang, Ning, Nung” karya Handoko F. Zainsam. Objek dalam penelitian adalah 10 puisi yang dianalisis dari 48 puisi. Instrumen yang digunakan adalah dengan menggunakan pengumpulan data atau kartu data. Teknik analisis data adalah dengan membaca puisi tersebut, menganalisis puisi tersebut dan memasukan kedalam tabel rekapitulasi, setelah itu mendeskripsikanya. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa 1). Berdasarkan analisis penggunaan seluruh jenis citraan pada buku kumpulan puisi “Suluk Nang, Ning, Nung” dapat disimpulkan bahwa citraan yang paling dominan digunakan adalah citraan penglihatan yang, sedangkan citraan yang paling sedikit digunakan adalah citraan pencecapan dan citraan perabaan sejumlah. 2). Dalam bahasa figuratif dapat disimpulkan bahwa yang paling dominan digunakan buku kumpulan puisi “Suluk Nang, Ning, Nung” adalah metafora, sedangkan yang paling sedikit digunakan adalah simile.Kata Kunci: Puisi, Jenis-jenis Citraan, Bahasa Figuratif.
Representasi Sosial dalam Film “Surat Kecil Untuk Tuhan” (Kajian Semiotika dan Sosiologi Sastra)
Authors: Majid Abdul
Published: April 2021

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengungkap sosiologi sastra dan struktur tanda dalam film “surat kecil untuk tuhan” karya Agnes Davonar. Metode penelitian yang digunakan kualitatif dengan pendekatan analisis semiotika model Charles Sander Peirce dan sosiologi sastra. Sementara aspek teoretis yang digunakan adalah teori yang berkaitan dengan teori tanda dan makna Charles Sanders Peirce, kategori film, dan aplikasi analisis semiotika pada film. Hasil penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa terdapat tanda-tanda sinematik/ film yang signifikan dan bersifat struktural dalam film “Surat Kecil Untuk Tuhan” serta ada beberapa relasi dalam film ini yang menjadikan cerita kuat dalam hubungan sosial. Akhirnya penulis dapat menarik simpulan: 1) Representasi sosial yang terdapat dalam film “Surat Kecil untuk Tuhan” adalah makna relasi sosial, mewujud dalam berbagai dimensi hubungan. 2) Bentuk penyampaian struktur tanda yang digunakan oleh sutradara, menyimpulkan bahwa terdapat tanda-tanda sinematik/film yang signifikan dan bersifat struktural.Kata Kunci: Representasi Sosial, Sosiologi Sastra dan Semiotika
Kritik Sosial dalam Dua Puisi Dikumpulan Puisi “Malu (Aku) Jadi Orang Indonesia (Majoi)” Karya Taufiq Ismail
Authors: Sukmawati Esa Klara
Published: April 2021

Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui berbagai masalah sosial, serta siapa saja yang dikritik, isi kritik dan cara penyampaian dalam dua puisi di kumpulan puisi “Majoi” karya Taufiq Ismail. Penelitian dilakukan dengan metode penelitian kualitatif, menganalisis, dan mendeskripsikan kritik sosial yang terdapat dalam dua puisi dengan pendekatan semiotika. Penelitian ini menggunakan teknik analisis isi. Hasil penelitian memperoleh simpulan sebagai berikut: 1) Masalah yang terjadi pada puisi “Majoi” dan Puisi “12 Mei 1998” adalah saling berkaitan di kedua puisi tersebut di mana pada puisi “Majoi” adalah masalah perselingkuhan birokrasi, kecurangan dalam berbisnis, keputusan pengadilan yang dapat tawar-menawar sehingga hukum bisa dibeli, masalah politik di mana pemilu dapat dipermainkan terang-terangan dan masyarakat kelas bawah dan menengah dapat ditindas oleh pemerintah. Dalam puisi “12 Mei 1998” menjelaskan ketidaksetujuan sistem pemerintahan Orde Baru sehingga KAMI (Kesatuan Aksi Mahasiswa Indonesia) dan empat syuhada tersebut menggelar aksi untuk revolusi total. Hingga aksi tersebut diberi nama Tragedi Trisakti. 2) Sasaran yang ditujukan pada puisi “Majoi” adalah pemerintah, pengusaha, dan masyarakat. Puisi “12 Mei 1998” ditujukan untuk lembaga pendidikan. 3) Cara menyampaikan kritikan pada kedua puisi tersebut yaitu di sampaikan secara jelas, lugas dengan penuh bahasa sindiran yang disusun secara sistematis tanpa ada satu peristiwa yang terlewati.

 

Kata Kunci: kritik, sosial, puisi
Nilai Moral dan Sosial pada Novel Sirkus Pohon Karya Andrea Hirata
Authors: Daryumi Yuyum
Published: April 2021

Penelitian ini membahas masalah nilai moral dan sosial pada novel Sirkus Pohon karya Andrea Hirata. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode analisis isi yang menjadikan teks novel Sirkus Pohon karya Andrea Hirata sebagai objek kajiannya. Sampel yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah keseluruhan isi dan teks novel tersebut. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa dari 155 nukilan yang terdapat dalam teks novel tersebut terdapat nilai moral yang terdiri atas sikap sebanyak 52, budi pekerti sebanyak 23, dan kewajiban sebanyak 14. Nilai sosial terdiri atas rohani sebanyak 31, material sebanyak 21, dan vital sebanyak 14. Berdasarkan hasil tersebut, penulis menyimpulkan bahwa nilai moral yang dominan dalam novel Sirkus Pohon adalah sikap, sedangkan nilai sosial yang dominan adalah rohani.Kata Kunci: Nilai sosial, nilai moral, novel
Status Sosial dalam Kaitannya dengan Etika, Moral, dan Kesetaraan Gender dalam Cerpen Istri Konsul Karya Nh. Dini
Authors: Nana Nana
Published: April 2021

Tujuan dalam penelitian ini adalah untuk mengungkapkan dimensi etika, moral dan kaitan dengan kesetaraan gender dalam cerpen Istri Konsul  karya Nh. Dini. Hipotesis yang diuji meliputi 1) Dimensi stasus sosial. 2) Dimensi etika dan moral dan 3). Kaitan status sosial, etika dan moral dengan kesetaraan gender. Metode yang digunakan adalah kualitatif. Metode ini merupakan salah satu bentuk motode deskripsi, yaitu suatu metode dalam meneliti status kelompok manusia, suatu objek, suatuset kondisi, suatu sistem pemikiran ataupun suatu kelas peristiwa pada masa sekarang. Proses  yang dilakukan adalah dengan membuat Inferensi melalui proses identifikasi dan penafsiran terhadap dimensi etika, moral dan kesetaraan gender yang terdapat dalam dalam cerpen Istri Konsul. Setelah melakukan analisis, penulis menarik kesimpulan bahwa (1) Terdapat Nilai Etika dalam cerpen Istri Konsul yaitu baik buruknya di bermasyarakat ditunjukkan oleh perilaku sehari-hari yang mengakibatkan cemoohan dari masyarakat. (2) Terdapat nilai Moral dalam cerpen Istri Konsul yang bertentangan dengan larangan/ aturan yang dilanggar dalam kehidupan sehari-hari sehingga hasil dari larangan aturan yang dilanggar mengakibatkan penyesalan. (3) Terdapat Kesetaraan gender antara laki-laki dalam cerpen Istri Konsul  yang seharusnya seorang perempuan dapat menjalankan kodratnya sebagai perempuan.

Kata Kunci: Status Sosial, Etika, Moral, Keseteraan Gender, Cerpen Istri Konsul.
Pengaruh Minat Baca dan Penguasaan Kosakata terhadap Kemampuan Menulis Teks Narasi
Authors: Samini Elisabeth , Suendarti Mamik
Published: April 2021

Tujuan Penenelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh minat baca dan  penguasaan kosakata secara bersama-sama  terhadap  kemampuan menulis narasi siswa SMP Negeri di Kota Tangerang. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode survei yang dilakukan pada sampel yang berjumlah  90 orang. Teknik Pengambilan sampel adalah dengan Proporsional Rundem Sampling. Hasil penelitian menyimpulkan: 1) Terdapat pengaruh yang signifikan minat baca dan penguasaan kosakata secara bersama-sama terhadap kemampuan menulis teks narasi siswa SMP Negeri di wilayah Kota Tangerang. Hal ini dibuktikan dengan perolehan nilai Sig. 0,000 < 0,05 dan Fh = 23,528, 2) Terdapat pengaruh yang signifikan minat baca terhadap kemampuan menulis teks narasi siswa SMP Negeri di wilayah Kota Tangerang. Hal ini dibuktikan dengan perolehan nilai Sig. 0,031 < 0,05 dan th = 2,187, 3) Terdapat pengaruh yang signifikan penguasaan kosakata terhadap kemampuan menulis teks narasi siswa SMP Negeri di wilayah Kota Tangerang. Hal ini dibuktikan dengan perolehan nilai Sig. 0,000 < 0,05 dan th = 5,848.Kata Kunci: Minat Baca, Penguasaan Kosakata, dan Kemampuan Menulis Teks Narasi
Analisis Gaya Bahasa dan Nilai Pendidikan dalam Novel Pulang Karya Tere Liye
Authors: Rahmayanti Windi , Arifin E. Zaenal
Published: April 2021

Tujuan penelitian ini untuk menganalisis penggunaan gaya Bahasa dalam novel Pulang karya Tere Liye dan menganalisis nilai Pendidikan yang terdapat dalam novel Pulang karya Tere Liye. Dengan memahami gaya Bahasa dan nilai-nilai Pendidikan, pembaca memperoleh dua manfaat yaitu pemahaman tentang gaya Bahasa dan pengetahuan tentang nilai Pendidikan religi, moral dan sosial. Gaya Bahasa yang akan dianalisis peneliti hanya meliputi gaya Bahasa personifikasi, metafora dan hiperbola. Metode penelitian yang digunakan peneliti dalam menganalisis novel ini adalah metode kualitatif dengan Teknik deskriptif analitik, yaitu menguraikan sekaligus menganalisis kata-kata yang mengandung gaya Bahasa personifikasi, metafora dah hiperbola, serta nilai pedidikan yang terkandung dalam novel tersebut. Adapun langkah-langkah dalam menganalisis data adalah 1) membaca keseluruhan novel agar memperoleh gambaran tentang isinya; 2) menganalisis kalimat yang mengandung gaya bahasa personifikasi, metafora dan hiperbola yang terkandung dalam novel Pulang karya Tere Liye; 3) menganalisis kalimat yang mengandung nilai-nilai Pendidikan yang terkandung dalam novel Pulang karya Tere Liye.  Setelah penulis menganalisis novel maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa dari gaya bahasa personifikasi, metafora dan hiperbola, penulis lebih dominan menggunakan gaya Bahasa personifikasi berjumlah 39,62%, kemudian gaya bahasa metafora berjumlah 33.96% dan gaya bahasa hiperbola berjumlah 26,42%. lebih sedikit digunakan pengarang. Novel Pulang juga mengandung nilai Pendidikan religi berjumlah 18,75%, nilai moral berjumlah 50% dan nilai sosial berjumlah 31,25%.

 
Kata Kunci: Analisis gaya bahasa, Nilai Pendidikan
Kesalahan Penggunaan Tanda Baca dan Kosakata dalam Penulisan Karangan Deskripsi
Authors: Yunita Desti Alvi , Sugono Dendy , Suendarti Mamik
Published: April 2021

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui: 1) Kesalahan penggunaan tanda baca pada karangan deskripsi siswa SMP Negeri di Kabupaten Tangerang. 2) Kesalahan penggunaan kosakata pada karangan deskripsi siswa SMP Negeri di Kabupaten Tangerang. 3) Tingkat kesalahan penggunaan tanda baca pada karangan deskripsi siswa SMP Negeri di Kabupaten Tangerang. 4) Tingkat kesalahan penggunaan kosakata pada karangan deskripsi siswa SMP Negeri di Kabupaten Tangerang. Sampel yang digunakan 60 siswa dengan metode deskriptif kualitatif dengan jenis penelitian non hipotesis. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa: hasil persentase kesalahan yang ditemukan dalam karangan deskripsi pada penggunaan tanda baca titik (.) 25%, tanda koma (,) 31%, dan tanda baca hubung (-) 4%. Kesalahan terbanyak terdapat pada penggunaan tanda baca koma (,) sedangkan kesalahan kosakata 40%. Jadi, kesalahan yang dilakukan siswa kurang dari 55% sehingga masih perlu bimbingan dan pengarahan lebih serius lagi tentang penggunaan ejaan dan kosakata  dalam karangan deskripsi sehingga tulisan yang dihasilkan lebih tepat penggunaanya..tentang penggunaan tanda baca titik (.), tanda baca koma (,), tanda baca hubung (-) dan kosakata.

 
Kata kunci: Tanda Baca, Kosakata, Karangan Deskripsi
Motivasi dan Lingkungan Pembelajaran Bahasa Indonesia dalam Keluarga bagi Anak Berprestasi
Authors: Atmawijaya Atmawijaya , Arifin E. Zaenal , Sugono Dendy
Published: April 2021

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk memperoleh pemahaman yang mendalam tentang bentuk motivasi dari orang tua dan lingkungan pembelajaran bahasa Indonesia dalam keluarga bagi siswa kelas XI. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan metode fenomenologi untuk memperoleh pemahaman tentang bentuk motivasi dan lingkungan pembelajaran siswa dalam keluarga berdasarkan pengalaman siswa. Hasil penelitian: Pertama, terdapat beberapa bentuk motivasi dari orang tua kepada siswa di lingkungan keluarga, yaitu menyampaikan tujuan belajar, memberikan hadiah dan pujian, membentuk kebiasaan belajar yang baik, memperbolehkan anak untuk belajar bersama teman-teman kelasnya, dan memberikan hukuman kepada anak apabila malas/ tidak belajar. Kedua, untuk menciptakan lingkungan pembelajaran yang kondusif dan nyaman, maka tersedia beberapa fasilitas pembelajaran, yaitu siswa memiliki kamar pribadi untuk tidur dan belajar, memiliki pencahayaan yang ruangan yang baik untuk kegiatan belajar, memiliki alat pengatur suhu ruangan berupa kipas angin, memiliki suasana belajar yang nyaman dan kondusif baik secara fisik maupun sosial, tidak memiliki kursi dan meja belajar, tetapi tetap nyaman belajar di lantai atau di atas tempat tidur, memiliki lemari dan rak buku, memiliki semua perlengkapan belajar yang dibutuhkan, dan semua siswa menyatakan bahwa mereka sudah nyaman belajar di rumah/ lingkungan keluarga. Berdasarkan temuan tersebut, dapat disimpulkan bahwa motivasi dari orang tua dan dukungan lingkungan pembelajaran yang lengkap dan kondusif membuat siswa dapat belajar dengan nyaman sehingga mampu meraih prestasi belajarnya di sekolah.

 

Kata Kunci: Motivasi, Lingkungan, Prestasi, Fenomenologi
THE INTERPLAY BETWEEN LEARNING MEDIA, MOTIVATION AND LEARNING OUTCOMES: INSIGHTS FROM INDONESIAN EFL CONTEXT
Authors: Iswadi Iswadi
Published: April 2021

The objectives of the study are to explore the impact of English comic learning media towards English’s learning outcomes, the  impact of   learning motivation towards English’s learning outcomes, and the  interaction effect between  English comic learning media and learning motivation towards English’s learning outcomes. The method of research is experimental with 2x2 factorial design. Data collection techniques are multiple choice and questionnaires. Population of the study are 175 students. Sample of the study are 60 students. Random sampling are  used for gaining sample. The researcher used SPSS 22.0 version to analyze data. The  conclusions of  this study are: (1) There is a significant  impact of English comic learning media towards English’s learning outcomes because significant value is 0.000 < 0.05.(2) There is a significant impact of learning motivation towards English’s learning outcomes because significant value is 0.000 < 0.05. (3) There is a significant  interaction impact between  English comic learning media and learning motivation towards English’s learning outcomes because significant value is 0.004 < 0.05.   
IMPLEMENTASI PENDIDIKAN KARAKTER DI PESANTREN MODERN EL-ALAMIA DENGAN MEMBERIKAN KETELADANAN DAN PEMBIASAAN
Authors: Ranam Sanudin , Muslim Ibnu Fiqhan , Priyono Priyono
Published: April 2021

Pendidikan karakter merupakan segala usaha yang dilakukan oleh seseorang di keluarga, sekolah dan masyarakat untuk membangun karakter dari peserta didik agar memiliki karakter yang baik atau mempunyai kepedulian, berpendirian, dan bertanggung jawab. Menyikapi pentingnya hal tersebut, pendidikan karakter diperlukan di sebuah pondok pesantren untuk mewujudkan peradaban bangsa dengan memberikan keteladanan dan pembiasaan. Pondok pesantren menjadi tempat belajar formal sekaligus nonformal yang mampu banyak memberikan perubahan terhadap karakter peserta didik melalui pembiasaan yang dilakukan selama peserta didik menimba ilmu di pesantren. Pendidikan karakter merupakan upaya yang dilakukan dalam mendidik sesorang yang dapat membantu membentuk/menguatkan karakter seseorang yang dilakukan di lingkungan keluarga sekolah, dan lingkungan dengan memanfaatkan media belajar. Tujuan dari penelitian ini yaitu untuk mengetahui implementasi yang sudah dilakukan oleh Pondok Pesantren El Alamia, Bogor. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode penelitian kualitatif sebagai suatu penelitian ilmiah. Hasil penelitian ini adalah terdapat lima fokus pendidikan karakter yang terdapat di Pondok Pesantren El Alamia. Pendidikan karakter religius, nasionalis, integritas, mandiri, dan gotong royong. Dengan memiliki kelima karakter tersebut, diharapkan para santri di Pondok Pesantren El Alamia dapat menghadapi tantangan dan perkembangan zaman.
Differential expression of FXYD1 in cancers of the breast.
Authors: Mamoor Shahan
Published: April 2021

Breast cancer affects women at relatively high frequency (1). We mined published microarray datasets (2, 3) to determine in an unbiased fashion and at the systems level genes most differentially expressed in the primary tumors of patients with breast cancer. We report here significant differential expression of the gene encoding FXYD domain containing ion transport regulator 1, FXYD1, when comparing primary tumors of the breast to the tissue of origin, the normal breast. FXYD1 mRNA was present at significantly reduced quantity in tumors of the breast as compared to normal breast tissue. Analysis of human survival data revealed that expression of FXYD1 in primary tumors of the breast was correlated with overall survival in patients with basal and luminal A subtype cancers, demonstrating a relationship between correlation of primary tumor expression with overall survival based on molecular subtype. FXYD1 may be of relevance to initiation, maintenance or progression of cancers of the female breast.
Memória, Patrimônio Digital e Políticas de Informação: Prefácio
Authors: PALETTA FRANCISCO CARLOS
Published: April 2021

Abstract“Memória, Patrimônio Digital e Políticas de informação: trilhas abertas no Brasil e Espanha” -Memoria, patrimonio digital y políticas de información: caminos abiertos en Brasil y España- tiene como objetivo consolidar los resultados del VIII Seminario Hispano-Brasileño de Investigación sobre Información, Documentación y Sociedad, así como promover el intercambio académico, científico y cultural entre las comunidades brasileña e hispana. La memoria, el patrimonio digital y las políticas de información están intrínsecamente asociadas a las estrategias de preservación digital y actúan como directrices legales para la gestión de la preservación y para el acceso permanente a los objetos digitales producidos, seleccionados y almacenados. Pretende superar la obsolescencia tecnológica tanto de los objetos como de sus propios soportes. Una política de esta naturaleza se elabora a partir de resoluciones, normas, actos administrativos, leyes, modelos y estándares. Se puede analizar bajo los aspectos organizativos, legales y técnicos. Se reúnen aquí los trabajos escogidos que abordaron esta temática.Resumen (otros idiomas)“Memória, Patrimônio Digital e Políticas de informação: trilhas abertas no Brasil e Espanha” -Memoria, patrimonio digital y políticas de información: caminos abiertos en Brasil y España- tem como objetivo consolidar os resultados do VIII Seminário Hispano-Brasileiro de Pesquisa em Informação, Documentação e Sociedade bem como promover o intercâmbio acadêmico, científico e cultural entre as comunidades brasileira e hispana. Memória, Patrimônio Digital e Políticas de informação estão intrinsecamente associados com estratégias de preservação digital e atuam como orientação legal para a gestão da preservação e para o acesso permanente aos objetos digitais produzidos, selecionados e armazenados. Visa à superação da obsolescência tecnológica tanto dos objetos como dos seus próprios suportes. Uma política dessa natureza é elaborada com base em resoluções, normas, atos administrativos, leis, modelos e padrões. Pode ser analisada sob o aspecto organizacional, legal e técnico
越南经济发展的政治经济学
Authors: Si H.L. Cu
Published: April 2021

Yuenan jing ji fa zhan de zheng zhi jing ji xue / Sun Guoxiang zhu.越南经济发展的政治经济学 / 孙国祥 著.Publisher: Taibei Shi : Han lu tu shu chu ban you xian gong si, 2020. 台北市 : 翰芦图书出版有限公司, 2020.Format:BooksPhysical Description: 378 pages ;23 cm.Series Title: Ren shi Yuenan. 认识越南.Notes: Text written in traditional Chinese scripts. 繁体字本.Identifier: (ISBN)9789869974813 (ISBN)9869974813 (OCoLC)1237563973
Differential expression of ATP binding cassette subfamily A member 10 in cancers of the breast.
Authors: Mamoor Shahan
Published: April 2021

Breast cancer affects women at relatively high frequency (1). We mined published microarray datasets (2, 3) to determine in an unbiased fashion and at the systems level genes most differentially expressed in the primary tumors of patients with breast cancer. We report here significant differential expression of the gene encoding ATP binding cassette subfamily A member 10, ABCA10, when comparing primary tumors of the breast to the tissue of origin, the normal breast. ABCA10 was also differentially expressed in the tumor cells of patients with triple negative breast cancer. ABCA10 mRNA was present at significantly reduced quantity in tumors of the breast as compared to normal breast tissue. Analysis of human survival data revealed that expression of ABCA10 in primary tumors of the breast was correlated with overall survival in patients with stage III cancer, demonstrating a relationship between primary tumor expression of a differentially expressed gene and patient survival outcomes influenced by cancer progression. ABCA10 may be of relevance to initiation, maintenance or progression of cancers of the female breast.
Word learning in 14-month-old monolinguals and bilinguals: Challenges and methodological opportunities
Authors: Gonzalez-Barrero Ana Maria , Dal Ben Rodrigo , Killam Hilary , Byers-Heinlein Krista
Published: April 2021

Infants can learn words in their daily interactions early in life, and many studies have demonstrated that they can also learn words from brief in-lab exposures. While most studies have included monolingual infants, less is known about bilingual infants’ word learning and the role that language familiarity plays in this ability. In this study we examined word learning in a large sample (up to N = 155) of bilingual and monolingual 14-month-olds using a preferential looking paradigm. To support word learning, novel words were presented within sentence frames in one language (single-language condition) or two languages (dual-language condition). We predicted that infants would exhibit greater word–object learning when they were more familiar with the language of the sentence frame. Using both traditional (t-tests) and updated (linear mixed-effects models) analyses, we found no evidence for successful word learning, nor an effect of familiarity. Our results suggest that word learning in experimental settings can be challenging for 14-month-olds, even when sentence frames are provided. We discuss these results in relation to prior work and suggest how open science practices can contribute to more reliable findings about early word learning.
Clustering and switching in divergent thinking: Neurophysiological correlates underlying flexibility during idea generation
Authors: Mastria Serena , Agnoli Sergio , Zanon Marco , Acar Selcuk , Runco Mark , CORAZZA GIOVANNI EMANUELE
Published: April 2021

EEG alpha synchronization, especially in posterior parietal cortical regions of the right hemisphere, is indicative of high internal processing demands that are typically involved in divergent thinking (DT). During the course of DT, as ideation proceeds, ideas tend to become more creative, being more likely to be drawn from new conceptual categories through the use of the cognitive mechanism of flexibility. The present study investigated whether EEG alpha synchronization can be modulated by flexibility in DT by comparing cortical activation patterns during the switch of category (switching) and the stay in the same category (clustering). Twenty participants were required to generate alternative uses of everyday objects during EEG recording. Differential results were specifically found in the lower alpha band (8-10 Hz): whereas clustering showed synchronization typically lateralized in the right posterior parietal areas, switching induced posterior parietal synchronization over both right and left hemispheres. These findings indicate that the two distinct cognitive mechanisms subsuming flexibility (switching and clustering) are associated with a different hemispheric modulation of lower alpha activity, as switching, in comparison to clustering, is related to higher power in the lower alpha band over the left hemisphere. Switching in comparison to clustering may thus require a larger investment of cognitive resources due to the exploratory process of moving from one semantic conceptual category to another in the course of creative ideation.
Narrative Expectations in Financial Forecasting
Authors: Johnson Samuel Gregory Blane , Tuckett David
Published: April 2021

How do people form expectations about the future? We use amateur and expert investors’ expectations about financial asset prices to study this question. Three experiments contrast the rational expectations assumption from neoclassical economics (investors forecast according to neoclassical financial theory) against two psychological theories of expectation-formation—behaviorally-informed expectations (investors understand empirical market anomalies and expect these anomalies to occur) and narrative expectations (investors use narrative thinking to predict future prices). Whereas neoclassical financial theory maintains that past public information cannot be used to predict future prices, participants used company performance information revealed before a base price quotation to project future price trends after that quotation (Experiment 1), contradicting rational expectations. Importantly, these projections were stronger when information concerned predictions about a company’s future performance rather than actual data about its past performance, suggesting that people not only rely on financially irrelevant (but narratively relevant) information for making predictions, but erroneously impose temporal order on that information. These biased predictions had downstream consequences for asset allocation choices (Experiment 2) and these choices were driven in part by affective reactions to the company performance news (Experiment 3). There were some mild effects of expertise, but overall the effects of narrative appear to be consistent across all levels of expertise studied, including professional financial analysts. We conclude by discussing the prospects for a narrative theory of choice that provide new micro-foundational insights about economic behavior.
Comparing Theories with the Ising Model of Explanatory Coherence
Authors: Maier Maximilian , van Dongen Noah N'Djaye Nikolai , Borsboom Denny
Published: April 2021

Theories are among the most important tools of science. Lewin (1943) already noted “[t]here is nothing as practical as a good theory”. Although psychologists discussed problems of theory in their discipline for a long time, weak theories are still widespread in most subfields. One possible reason for this is that psychologists lack the tools to systematically assess the quality of their theories. Thagard (1989) developed a computational model for formal theory evaluation based on the concept of explanatory coherence. However, there are possible improvements to Thagard’s (1989) model and it is not available in software that psychologists typically use. Therefore, we developed a new implementation of explanatory coherence based on the Ising model. We demonstrate the capabilities of this new Ising Model of Explanatory Coherence (IMEC) on several examples from psychology and other sciences. It is also available in the R-package IMEC so that it can help scientists to evaluate the quality of their theories in practice.
The effect of antibody test result knowledge on transmission reducing behaviours
Authors: Morrow Alison , Jenks Sara , Batchelor Becky , Dale Hannah
Published: April 2021

This study explored the effect knowledge of antibody status has on compliance with transmission reducing behaviours (TRBs). Participants (n=82) comprised of NHS Lothian staff and individuals enrolled in the BioResource study with community diagnosed and treated SARS-CoV-2 infections. They completed a baseline health beliefs questionnaire, provided blood samples for antibody testing and received result 2-4 weeks later. Around 2-4 weeks later, participants completed follow-up health belief questionnaires. The questionnaire was designed based on the constructs of the Health Belief Model, the most prominent framework for understanding why individuals may or may not act in the face of a threat. Fifty-six participants completed the follow-up health belief questionnaires. Knowledge of antibody status did not affect compliance with TRBs. Increased perceived benefits, cues to action and self-efficacy, and decreased perceived barriers, to comply with TRBs was significantly associated with higher compliance. No significant correlation was found between measures of susceptibility or severity and compliance with TRBs. Interventions to increase perceived benefits, cues to action and self-efficacy, and decrease barriers, to engaging in TRBs should be explored.
Surprise! Measuring Novelty as Expectation Violation
Authors: Foster Jacob G. , Shi Feng , Evans James
Published: April 2021

Novelty assessment is central to the study and management of innovation. Here we argue that new technologies, discoveries, and cultural products are deemed novel insofar as they seem unlikely or improbable, conditional on perceptions of prior knowledge and estimations of the inventive search process. This implies that novelty has different manifestations in fields with distinct prior knowledge and processes of invention; that measuring novelty is sensitive to context and therefore “objectively subjective.” Consequently, different novelty measures will be appropriate for different fields. We then survey and systematize existing ex ante novelty measures. We array them according to the speed of simulated search and the complexity of the space over which search is simulated. Using data from 157,595 U.S. patents granted in 2000 and 90,421 patents granted in 1990, we demonstrate that inventive fields vary in their distribution of novelty measures. We also find that familiar impact-based correlates of novelty are predicted by distinct characterizations of novelty in different fields. Consistent with our hypothesis that different inventive processes imply different novelty measures, we find that nearby fields, which share similar inventive processes, also manifest similar profiles in the relationship between novelty and impact. We conclude with principles of measure selection that could lead to more credible analyses of innovation.
Pre-Service History Teacher’s Opinions About the Use of Virtual Museum Applications in History Courses
Authors: OKUMUŞ Osman , VURGUN Ahmet
Published: April 2021

The opportunities offered by technology are used in educational processes to make education more qualified. One of the technology-based applications is virtual museums. Virtual museums make important contributions to bringing the works of art in museums to the classroom environment and making the lesson more concrete and understandable. Especially considering the exhibition of the past, virtual museums could be used for history courses but more research needs to be done on the subject. This study aimed at exploring pre-service history teachers’ opinions and experiences about virtual museum applications. The research was conducted via qualitative research approach and phenomenology design in line with the nature of this approach. The study group of the research consists of 15, 3rd grade teacher candidates studying in Department of History Teaching at Marmara University Atatürk Education Faculty in 2020-2021 academic year. The data was collected via semi-structured interview form and analysed using the content analysis method. Considering the results obtained, it was reported that the participants responded considering the pandemic conditions, they regarded technology as a way to facilitate the learning-teaching processes of history courses and stated that virtual museum applications would contribute to history courses.
Future life expectancy in Europe taking into account the impact of smoking, obesity and alcohol
Authors: Janssen Fanny , Bardoutsos Anastasios , Gewily Shady El , de Beer Joop
Published: April 2021

In Europe, women can expect to live on average 82 years, and men 75 years. Forecasting how life expectancy will develop in the future is essential for society. Most forecasts rely on a mechanical extrapolation of past mortality trends, which leads to inaccurate outcomes because of temporal fluctuations in the past trends due to lifestyle “epidemics”. We project life expectancy for 18 European countries by taking into account the impact of smoking, obesity, and alcohol on mortality, and the mortality experiences of forerunner populations. We project that life expectancy will increase from, on average, 83.4 years for women and 78.3 years for men in 2014 to 92.8 years for women and 90.5 years for men in 2065. Compared to others (Lee-Carter, Eurostat, United Nations), we project higher future life expectancy values and more realistic differences between countries and sexes. Our results imply longer individual lifespans, and more elderly in society.
Interpersonal Intelligence: A Strengthening in Efforts to Improve Student Learning Achievement
Authors: Istapra Eva , Sasongko Rambat Nur , Kristiawan Muhammad , Kusumah Raden Gamal Tamrin , Sasongko Rambat Nur
Published: April 2021

The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between interpersonal intelligence and student learning outcomes so that there is an increase and strengthening of student achievement. The method used in this research is field research with a correlational quantitative approach which aims to analyze the relationship between interpersonal intelligence and student achievement. The results of this study found that there is a significant relationship between interpersonal intelligence and student achievement. This can be proven from statistical calculations, namely r count is greater than r table (0.995> 0.347) with a significant stage of 5%. Thus the alternative hypothesis (Ha) in this study is accepted and the hypothesis (H0) in this study is rejected.
ON V. EROFEEV’S POEM «MOSCOW - PETUSHKI»
Authors:   INION RAN, Yurchenko Tatiana
Published: April 2021

Some aspects of the poetics of Erofeev’s poem in prose are concerned, in particular the transformation of the image of a «small man», the protagonist’s association with the Son of man, the problem of salvation, the significance of the subtext of «The Arabian Nights».
N.A. BERDYAEV ON THE RESULTS OF THE INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS OF WRITERS IN DEFENSE OF CULTURE (PARIS, 1935) AND CREATIVE FREEDOM
Authors:   INION RAN, Petrova Tatiana
Published: April 2021

ust like the Russian literary emigration generally, Berdyaev expected at the International Congress of Writers a fundamental discussion on freedom, humanism and rights of individuals. However, the Congress did not meet the hopes of the intellectual elite of the Russian diaspora. According to Berdyaev, an era of the «deep crisis of freedom» has begun, while it is precisely the «spiritual understanding of freedom», which presupposes in a person an element independent of state and society, that «can save freedom».
RUSSIA VERSUS ENGLAND: W.S. MAUGHAM - THE AUTHOR OF «ASHENDEN», «CHRISTMAS HOLIDAY» AND «WRITER’S NOTEBOOK»
Authors:   INION RAN, Krasavshenko Tatiana
Published: April 2021

The article demonstrates that the works by William Somerset Maugham (1874-1965) are «a real storehouse» of Western ideas about Russia, the focus of British stereotypes of Russians, because he was not an «elite», but a «minor» writer - a brilliant witty storyteller and a «copier of life». It is evident that young and mature Maugham perceived the Russian world in a book of stories «Ashenden, or the British agent» (1928), in a novel «Christmas Holiday» (1939), in «A Writer’s Notebook» through the prism of Dostoevsky’s novels, he argued with the Russian writer and in a way was even obsessed with him. But when Maugham became old he lost his attraction to the Russian world.
Sistem Pembelajaran Online Sebagai Upaya Peningkatan Mutu Pembelajaran di Tengah Pandemi Covid 19
Authors: Wijayanti Esti , Latubessy Anastasya
Published: April 2021

Saat ini wabah COVID-19 atau yang masyarakat sering bicarakan adalah korona. Sehingga seluruh aktivitas manusia dibatasi agar dapat mengurangi penyebaran virus ini, termasuk kegiatan pembelajara baik di jenjang sekolah dasar, sekolah menengah pertama, sekolah menengah atas,sampai jenjang perkuliahan mulai menerapkan kegiatan belajar dari rumah atau pembelajaran online. Seluruh dosen serta guru di setiap daerah yang terdampak, diminta untuk menghentikan aktivitas kegiatan akademik seperti pembelajaran tatap muka dan perkuliahan secara tatap muka. Sebagai tindak lanjut dari surat edaran tersebut seluruh perguruan tinggi dan sekolah juga diminta untuk mengeluarkan kebijakan tentang proses pembelajaran secara daring bagi siswa di sekolahan. Guru serta dosen juga merasakan perubahan dari tatap muka menjadi tatap maya. Yang mau tidak mau guru dan dosen melaksanakan pembelajaran jarak jauh. Pembuatan aplikasi untuk pembelajaran daring sangat penting untuk pengajar khususnya. Aplikasi dibuat berbasis web untuk memenuhi kebutuhan guru, yang dapat diakses melalui smart phone.  Luaran yang diharapkan guru dapat melakukan pembelajaran online dengan mengunakan aplikasi berbasis web yang dapat di terapkan di sekolahan
Pengembangan Wisata Kota Semarang
Authors: Sumastuti Efriyani , Prabowo Heri , Violinda Qristin
Published: April 2021

AbstrakMultiplier effect sektor pariwisata terhadap sektor lain relatif tinggi. Hal tersebut terlihat pada dampak positif di sektor lain apabila sektor pariwisata mengalami peningkatan, khususnya di sektor perdagangan, hotel, restoran dan perhubungan. Pemberdayaan potensi wilayah sebagai daya tarik wisata, sampai saat ini masih belum optimal dan keterlibatan dari pihak terkait juga belum optimal. Untuk keperluan tersebut maka penelitian  ini dilakukan. Penelitian ini bertujuan  untuk menganalisis keterlibatan stakeholder dalam pengelolaan wisata dan pengembangan wisata Kota Semarang. Objek penelitian adalah wisata budaya (Gubug rembug), wisata sejarah/alam (Goa Kreo) dan wisata kuliner (pusat oleh-oleh Jl. Pandanaran). Sebanyak 12 keyperson diwawancarai sebagi sumber data penelitian. Data hasil wawancara dianalisis dengan software Nvivo 12. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa keterlibatan stakeholders dalam pengelolaan dan pengembangan wisata Kota Semarang adalah berupa pembinaan dalam proses pengelolaan wisata sejarah, alam dan kuliner. Kata kunci : pengembangan, pariwisata, Kota Semarang Tourism Development In Semarang CityAbstractThe multiplier effect of the tourism sector on other sectors is relatively high. This can be seen from the positive impact in other sectors if the tourism sector has increased, especially in the trade, hotel, restaurant and transportation sectors. The empowerment of the region's potential as a tourist attraction has not been optimal and the involvement of related parties has not been optimal. For this purpose, this research was conducted. The purpose of this study was to analyze stakeholder involvement in tourism management and tourism development in the city of Semarang. The object of research is cultural tourism (Gubug Rembug), historical / natural tourism (Goa Kreo) and culinary tourism (souvenir center Jl. Pandanaran). A total of 12 keypersons were interviewed as a source of research data. Interview data were analyzed using Nvivo 12 software. The results showed that the involvement of stakeholders in the management and development of tourism in the city of Semarang was in the form of guidance in the process of managing natural and culinary tourism.Keywords: development, tourism, Semarang City
The diagnosis and therapy of comorbid anxiety and depression disorders in clinical practice
Authors: Petrova N. N. , Savickaya K. S.
Published: April 2021

Objective: to discuss problems of diagnostics and psychopharmacotherapy of associated depressive disorders and anxiety circle disorders.

Material and methods.The article is an analysis of a clinical case with the use of clinical and catamnestic method.

Results. Diagnostics of Generalized Anxiety Disorder, issues of its comorbidity with other mental disorders including anxiety and depressive disorders are discussed. The principles of panic disorder diagnosis are analyzed. Diagnostic criteria of associated anxiety and depression in ICD-10, DSM-5 and ICD-11 are considered. Modern approaches to the choice of therapeutic tactics in comorbidal anxiety and depression are given. The analysis of the patient’s treatment is carried out with the justification of the choice of drugs. The possibilities of combined therapy of associated anxiety and depression disorders using vortioxetine are demonstrated. Achievement of qualitative remission of mental disorder without residual symptomatology and full restoration of social functioning of the patient with associated depressive and anxious disorders is shown.

Conclusion. The clinical case demonstrates a characteristic chronic fluctuating course of GTR both in combination with different depths of depression and with other anxiety disorders (panic attacks). Diagnostic difficulties and therapeutic possibilities of a patient with double diagnosis: Generalized Anxiety Disorder and Depressive Episode have been analyzed.
Heterogeneity of the mechanisms of action of antidepressants
Authors: Kozlovskii V. L. , Popov M. Yu. , Kosterin D. N. , Lepik O. V.
Published: April 2021

The article discusses the heterogeneous mechanisms of the pharmacodynamics of antidepressants that underlie the therapeutic response. Sharing the similar clinical activity, antidepressants determine the development of drug-induced homeostasis by means of different molecular mechanisms (selective or nonselective blockade of monoamine reuptake, inhibition of monoamine oxidase, blockade of certain monoamine receptors). However, an increase of serotonin and other monoamines concentrations in the synapses of the central nervous system is only the initiating factor in the development of specific clinical effects. The latter are probably determined by other neurochemical effects, including changes in the density of postsynaptic receptors and an increase in the synthesis of neurotrophic factors. However, the primary mechanisms that increase monoamine concentrations in the synapses might not always “work properly”, leading to the lack of efficacy of the initial antidepressant, while the probability of the therapeutic response to the subsequent antidepressant remains rather high. Thus, the efficacy of an antidepressant may depend on the baseline differences in the neurochemical state contributing to the pathological “depressive” homeostasis. The heterogeneous neurochemical effects of antidepressants can determine the dissociation of existing neuronal interactions, leading to the development of the new — druginduced — homeostasis. At the same time, it is possible that stimulation of general neurotrophic processes by antidepressants may contribute to the progression and chronicity of pathology due to the ambiguous influence on certain stages of the pathological process. This determines the significance of neurophysiological studies of central disturbances in depression and search of fundamentally new neurochemical targets for the treatment of depressive states associated with various mental disorders.
Outlook of applying of virtual reality (VR) technologies in the treatment of patients with mental disorders (review of foreign literature)
Authors: Freize V. V. , Malyshko L. V. , Grachev G. I. , Dutov V. B. , Semenova N. V. , Neznanov N. G.
Published: April 2021

The purpose of the study was to summarize data from foreign studies about the use of virtual reality (VR) technology in the treatment of patients with various mental disorders.

Materialsandmethods:we selected and analyzed articles from MEDLINE / PubMed databases during the period from 2000 till 2020, as well as relevant references in the bibliography of the analyzed articles. 45 articles were included in further analysis from 575 English-language articles.

Results:The use of VR technologies in the treatment of mental disorders appears to be one of the promising directions in psychiatry. The successfulness of these methods in patients with eating disorders, anxiety-phobic disorders, and obsessive-compulsive disorder is supported to be evidentiary information. There is evidence of the effectiveness of such methods in patients with schizophrenia, particularly, one of the most significant results is an increase in social functioning. The absence of side effects data makes it possible to consider t VR therapy as a safe method. It is needed to make further study the areas of application of VR therapy and conduct research to identify possible side effects of this method.

Conclusion: The obtained results are important for drawing attention to the prospect of using VR technologies in Russian psychiatry and demonstrate the need for further study of this method.
Pharmacogenetic markers of antipsychotic-induced weight gain: leptin and neuroepeptide Y
Authors: Dobrodeeva V. S. , Shnayder N. A. , Mironov K. O. , Nasyrova R. F.
Published: April 2021

Antipsychotic drugs are a critical modality in managing of schizophrenia. Although medications can be highly eﬀective, response varies and some patients derive considerably less beneﬁt than others. Long-term use of antipsychotic drugs is associated with the development of adverse reactions. Te safety advantages of the atypical drugs havebeen questioned because of their propensity to induce weight gain and alter glucose and lipid metabolism. Antipsychotic-induced weight gain is a common cause of self-discontinuation of treatment and a signiﬁcant deterioration in the quality of life in patients with schizophrenia. Te severity of adverse reactions when taking antipsychotics in diﬀerent patients varies, which be associated with genetic factors. Antipsychotic induced weight gain is a major health concern and unfortunately, there is no predictive tool to identify who are high risk individuals. Te LEP, LEPR and NRY genes represents a compellings candidates for genetic studies of antipsychotic-induced weight gain. Candidate gene selection should rely on current knowledge on the molecular pathways to weight gain, antipsychotic pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics, as well as possible disease-related genetic links to the side eﬀects under study. Pharmacogenetics will provide rational treatment based on matching antipsychotics to a patient’s DNA proﬁle, thus, potentially providing eﬀective treatment with minimal side eﬀects to outliers and mean responders to a given antipsychotic medication.