bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Clinical profile of patients with hypertensive crisis in a tertiary care hospital in Haryana, India – A retrospective cross-sectional study
Authors: Singh Navtej , Tarun  , Pal Ravinder , Chamoli Ankit
Published: January 2022

Background: A hypertensive crisis may manifest as hypertensive emergency or urgency. Hypertensive emergency is characterized by target organ damage and poses immediate threat to life, a situation not seen in urgency.
Aims and Objectives: The aims of the study were as follows: (1) To determine the prevalence of hypertensive crisis classified as emergency, urgency, and pseudocrisis. (2) To assess the various systems (neurological, cardiovascular, and renal) affected in relation to a particular type of hypertensive crisis.
Materials and Methods: The retrospective study comprised analysis of medical records of 100 patients of hypertensive crisis admitted to emergency unit of BPS Government Medical College and Hospital for Women, Sonepat, Haryana, India, in the 2 years period from January 2018 to December 2019 and study their prevalence among hospital emergencies and clinical presentation.
Results: Total number of clinical emergencies analyzed during this time interval was 6666. The prevalence of hypertensive crisis accounted to 1.5% of all the clinical emergencies received. About 66% presented as hypertensive emergencies, 32% as hypertensive urgency, and 2% presented as hypertensive pseudocrisis. Males of the fifth decade of life while females of the sixth decade of life were most affected by hypertensive crisis. Headache (58%) followed by giddiness (44%) was the most common clinical presentation in the emergency. About 34% of patients had associated neurological deficit. Only 16% of patients had cardiovascular system involvement.
Conclusion: Symptoms provided by patients in the emergency department are of paramount importance for the outcome of hypertensive crisis. Severe complication of hypertensive crisis can be prevented if hypertension is timely diagnosed and appropriately managed.
Case series of maternal mortality and maternal near miss due to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2
Authors: Vanremmawii  , Lalrinfela  , Lalduhchhungi  , Harvey Vanlalpeka  , Lalramhluna PC
Published: January 2022

The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-COV-2) that causes the COVID-19 pandemic has affected every household of the remotest part of North East India, Mizoram. The pregnant women do not have a higher chance of getting infected, yet the infection seems to be more severe. We are reporting five cases of maternal death and two cases of maternal near miss in ZMC of Mizoram. Case 1 to 5 were maternal death due to COVID-19. All of them were multigravida within the age group of 27–41 years with a period of gestation 24–37 weeks. The presenting complaints were fever and cough more than 3 days with an investigation report revealing raised C-reactive protein (CRP) and severe pneumonia. Case 6 (Near miss) was 20 years, primigravida at term pregnancy in labor with a history of fever for 2 days with an investigation report revealing raised CRP and severe pneumonia, the baby was delivered asphyxiated and died. Case 7 (Near miss) was 17 years old primigravida at term pregnancy admitted as asymptomatic COVID-19 positive, elective caesarean section was done for Obstetrics indication, the patient later developed fever and moderate pneumonia on 5 days of hospitalization, she also developed eclampsia on 7th hospital day, she survived after intensive care in the intensive care unit.
A clinical registry of multisystemic presentation of hypovitaminosis D in hospital attendees in Kolkata
Authors: Roy Choudhury Jayati , Bandyopadhyay Debasmita , Mukherjee Kheya , Bhattacharjee Debojyoti
Published: January 2022

Background: Vitamin D (Vit D) is a steroid hormone essential for maintaining functional homeostasis in the body. Hypovitaminosis D has been a recognized worldwide problem affecting all age groups and sex. Its prevalence is very high in South Asia.
Aims and Objectives: Therefore, this study was aimed to determine the spectrum of presentation of biochemical levels of hypovitaminosis D in Indian population in terms of age, sex, and multisystemic disorders.
Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study carried out on selective study population attending a tertiary care hospital from July 2019 to December 2020 with clinical presentations suspected to arise due to Vit D deficiency. Serum 25OH Vit D level was estimated by chemiluminescence method. Data were analyzed using GraphPad Prism 8.
Results: Of the study population (n = 685), average serum 25(OH)D level in females and males was 24.13 ng/ml and 28.59 ng/ml, respectively. Significant difference in mean value of Vit D existed in males and females in the 21–40 years age group (p = 0.0048). Females in the Vit D deficient group (Vit D level<20) mostly presented with mastalgia (20.45%), low back pain (17.61%), and joint pain (11.36%). Common clinical presentation in males with Vit D levels less than 20 ng/ml was diabetes mellitus without CKD (18.34%), non-diabetic CKD (19.27%), and low back pain (16.51%).
Conclusion: Low Vit D levels manifest itself as signs and symptoms involving various multisystemic disorders involving different age groups in both sexes. Early recognition and replacement can prevent the progress of complications which Vit D deficiency makes us prone to develop.
Bacteriological profile, antibiotic susceptibility pattern and other factors related to neonatal meningitis: A cross-sectional hospital-based study from West Bengal
Authors: Barik Kanai Lal , Biswas Projesh , Das Kuntal Kanti , Laha Sumanta , Paul Sudipto , Mondal Saikat
Published: January 2022

Background: Neonatal sepsis and meningitis is an important cause of neonatal mortality and morbidity especially in the developing countries. Bacteriological profile of meningitis and antibiotic sensitivity pattern may vary from one region to another.
Aims and Objectives: We have planned this study to know the etiological agent of neonatal meningitis with its antibiotic sensitivity profile and to evaluate some other associated risk factors of meningitis.
Materials and Methods: This observational, cross-sectional study was done for a period of 1 year in the SNCU and NICU of a district Medical College of West Bengal in neonates presented with clinical sepsis and meningitis. Sepsis screen, blood culture, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) study, and culture sensitivity was done and recorded along with demographic data, clinical presentation, outcome, and other associated factors.
Results: We found meningitis in 55 neonates out of 250 clinical sepsis. CSF culture was positive in 42 cases with Escherichia coli (30.9%), Klebsiella (26.1%), Staphylococcus aureus (16.6%), Acinetobacter (14.2%) and Coagulase negative Staphylococcus (CoNS 11.9%) as prevalent organism. E. coli and Klebsiella were mostly sensitive to Amikacin, Levofloxacin, and Colistin whereas less sensitive to Cefotaxime, Pipercilin-tazobactam or Meropenem and Acinetobacter showed good sensitivity only to Levofloxacin. Among the gram-positive organism, S. aureus and CoNS were only sensitive to Linezolid, Vancomycin, and Teicoplanin.
Conclusion: This type of study should help to make a proper antibiotic policy for an institution so that the empirical first-line antibiotic can be started with good effect in cases of neonatal sepsis and meningitis before the arrival of culture sensitivity report.
Knowledge, attitude, and practice of medical students regarding immunization and National Maternal and Child Health program in India
Authors: Singh Lily , Saxena Pranjali , Faridi MMA
Published: January 2022

Background: There are gaps in knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) regarding immunization and National Maternal and Child Health program among health care workers.
Aims and Objectives: This study aims to study the KAP gaps related with immunization among medical students at a teaching institute.
Materials and Methods: A total of 321 medical students were evaluated using a 54-item pre-validated inventory containing 36 items on knowledge, 8 on attitude, and 10 on practice with total possible scores of 55, 8, and 17, respectively. Details regarding type of student (undergraduates, intern, and postgraduates), sex, age, and marital status were noted. For illustrative purposes, the domain scores were transformed to percentages. Data were analyzed using SPSS 21.0 Software. Kruskal–Wallis, Mann–Whitney U tests, and Pearson correlation coefficient were employed for statistical analysis.
Results: Maximum were final year MBBS (n=146) followed by interns (n=106) and 1st year postgraduate students (n=69). Majority were female (55.8%), aged 22–25 years (74.8%), and unmarried (91.9%). Mean percentage scores for knowledge and attitude were 51.44±13.35% and 65.54±31.05%. For immunization subdomain of knowledge, attitude, and practice, these were 58.45±16.15%, 72.20±32.59%, and 36.74±13.10%, respectively. Knowledge and practice scores showed a significant association with type of student. Attitude scores did not show a significant association with demographic profile of student. Maximum scores for all the domains were observed among postgraduates. Overall practice scores were much lower than knowledge and attitude. A significant correlationwas observed between knowledge, attitude, and practice scores.
Conclusion: The study identifies wide gaps in KAP of medical students that indicate need for strategic interventions.
Knowledge, Attitude and Practice towards COVID-19 among Undergraduate Students in Nepal
Authors: Budha Magar Esther , Khushbu Deo
Published: January 2022

Background: Nepal is a landlocked country standing highly vulnerable to unfolding pandemic. As per a UNDP survey in May, three in five employees had lost their job during COVID-19 and most of them were youths. During the first 74 days of lockdown, 16 people committed suicide per day (total 1227 cases). Hence, the main objective of the study was to assess knowledge, attitude, and practice toward COVID-19 in undergraduate students of Nepal.
Aims and Objectives: This study aims to assess the knowledge, attitude, and practice among undergraduates of Nepal.
Materials and Methods: This study is a cross-sectional study conducted among undergraduates residing in Nepal through online Google Forms for the conduction of online survey using purposive sampling technique. The participants were called through social media and the process about the use of Google Forms was explained by the researcher. The questionnaires were taken from open-access pre-published article. Univariate and bivariate analyses were applied for assessing knowledge, attitude, and practice and their association with independent variables.
Results: In this study, among the 120 respondent who had agreed to take part in the research study, the overall knowledge level was found to be high toward COVID-19 among Nepalese undergraduates (Mean=0.74, SD=0.16), Majority of the participants, that is, 92.5% of participants had positive attitude regarding improved immunity as a measure to protect from COVID-19 and had good practice to prevent COVID-19 (Mean=0.84, SD=0.28).
Conclusion: The knowledge was found to be high. Furthermore, optimistic attitude and proactive practice was seen among the undergraduates toward the battle against this pandemic. Contradiction to previous studies, significant association of provincial habitat with attitude towards COVID-19 was found.
Non-descent vaginal hysterectomy surgery associated with less complications and good prognosis
Authors: Pranita Somani  , Priyanka Singh  , Mangala Shinde
Published: January 2022

Background: Removal of the uterus through vagina when performed in a case without uterine descent or prolapse is known as “non-descent vaginal hysterectomy” or NDVH. Vaginal route is preferred as compared to laparoscopic and abdominal methods. The advantages of vaginal hysterectomy being fewer complications, less post-operative stay, cost effective, and useful in bulky uterus.
Aims and Objectives: The aims of the study were as follows: (1) To study the intraoperative and post-operative complications encountered during NDVH and their management. (2) To assess the intraoperative blood loss, the operative time, and post-operative hospital stay. (3) To study and check the feasibility of vaginal route as the primary route for all hysterectomies in the absence of uterine prolapse.
Materials and Methods: A total of 50 patients were included in the study. Detailed history was taken including obstetric history and menstrual history and clinical examination was performed. After taking written, informed consent and doing proper pre-operative preparation, the patient was posted for NDVH. Post-operative complications were noted. Patients were asked to come for follow-up after 15 days.
Results: In 92% of cases operated, no intraoperative complications were found suggesting low morbidity associated with the procedure. Hemorrhage requiring blood transfusion was found in 4% of cases. Average operative time was 61.2 ± 27.89 min, average blood loss was 170 ± 81.44 ml, and average hospital stay was 5.94 ± 4.95 days. On histopathological examination, 40% were having leiomyoma and dysfunctional uterine bleeding was seen in 22% of cases. Pain was the most common complication seen in 30% of cases while vaginal discharge was seen in just 4% of cases. About 80% of patients were discharged on post-operative day 5.
Conclusion: In 92% of NDVH cases, no intraoperative complications were found suggesting low morbidity associated with the procedure. The post-operative hospital stay was restricted to 5 days in 80% of cases which indicates early discharge of the patient. Post-operative complications such as vaginal discharge and fever were seen only in 4% of cases. NDVH should, therefore, be considered as the primary route for all hysterectomies unless contraindicated in the absence of prolapse.
Ara C face: Cytarabine related dermatological toxicity
Authors: Maji Manideepa , Radhakrishnan Nita
Published: January 2022

This is Letter to the Editor
COVID like illness versus COVID-19 (CLIC STUDY) – Clinical profile and outcome
Authors: Jeetendra Kumar J Mood  , Rajanna Avinash H , Vaibhav S Bellary  , Gowda Gowtham S , Marimuthu Yamini
Published: January 2022

Background: In December 2019, several cases of acute respiratory illness were detected in Wuhan city of China. This SARS-CoV-2 has been rapidly spreading worldwide ever since. SARS-CoV-2 has the potential to damage the vital organs such as lung, heart, liver, and kidney, and infection poses a considerable risk to patients by the high prevalence of pneumonia.
Aims and Objectives: The objectives of the study are as follows: (1) To study clinical profile and biochemical markers in SARI patients. (2) To compare the clinical profile and biochemical markers between SARS-CoV-2 positive and negative patients and their outcomes.
Materials and Methods: The present study is a hospital-based prospective cross-sectional study conducted on a total of 350 patients (150 SARI+200 COVID-19) in Bengaluru during the study period from June 2020 to May 2021.
Results: Diabetes mellitus was present in 30% of SARI and 42% in COVID-19 patients (P=0.03). Leukocytosis (Total Leukocyte Count [TLC] >11000 cells/mm3) was more common among SARI patients than COVID-19 patients (49.3% vs. 24.3%). Leukopenia (TLC <4000 cells/mm3) was significantly more common in COVID-19 patients than in SARI patients (10.2% vs. 3.6%, P<0.001).
Conclusion: COVID-19 infection is more common in patients with comorbidities such as diabetes mellitus and hypertension than SARI. Leukopenia was more common in COVID-19 patients whereas leukocytosis was more common in SARI patients.
Cross-sectional study on prevalence and consequences of screen time on physical and mental health in children in the era of COVID-19
Authors: Thakur (Rai) Neha , Singh Arvind Kumar , Rai Narendra , Shukla Devesh Kumar
Published: January 2022

Background: With the ongoing growth and expansion of digital media and COVID-19 pandemic, children are inclining more and more toward spending time on digital media as compared to outdoor sports, leading to poor physical and mental growth. Developed nations have already set up a screen time guideline which is yet to be established in developing nations. This study was conducted with the objectives of identifying the needs of screen time guidelines and to study the impact of screen time on mental and physical health in children.
Aims and Objectives: This study aims to check the screen time in children aged 2–18 and find the health consequences both physical and psychological in those children.
Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study on children aged 2–18 years was conducted between 2019 and 2020. Parents were asked to fill a pre-structured questionnaire. Impact on health physical and mental were assessed by pediatrician and psychologist.
Results: A total of 155 children were enrolled in the study. Mean child hours in children aged 2–5 years, 5–10 years, and 10–18 years were 4 h, 5.83 h, and 6.29 h on week days and 5.64 h, 5.76 h, and 7.69 h on weekends, respectively. More than one-third of children had age of onset of screen time below 2 years of age. About 70% of children had malnutrition. Only 18% of parents were aware of concept of screen free days. Screen time had negative impact on health (P=0.0001) and on behavior of child (P=0.001). Average increase in screen time during COVID-19 was nearly 3 times the pre-COVID era.
Conclusion: This study has paved the way for the need of larger study and development of guidelines on impact of screen time on children in developing nations where screen time guidelines is yet to be set more so in era of COVID 19 pandemic.
Comparative assessment of umbilical cord blood with peripheral venous blood using hematological scoring system as an early predictive screening method for the detection of early-onset neonatal sepsis in the tertiary care center of Central India
Authors: Arya Sunil , Shukla Gagandeep , Goyal Prachi , Channa Urvashi
Published: January 2022

Background: Sepsis is one of the major causes of neonatal morbidity and mortality. Early recognition and diagnosis of early-onset neonatal sepsis (EONS) is difficult because of the variable and non-specific clinical presentation of this condition. Hence, there is a need for early predictive screening method for EONS.
Aims and Objectives: To compare the umbilical cord blood Haematological Scoring System (HSS) with peripheral venous blood as an early predictive screening method for detection of EONS.
Materials and Methods: 100 inborn neonates with two or more risk factors for EONS, chosen by sequential sampling method were included in this prospective analytical study. Blood samples were collected from the umbilical cord and peripheral vein analyzed for hematological parameters, sepsis screen, and peripheral smear for HSS of Rodwell et al., send for blood culture. Blood cultures were performed as gold standard for diagnosing neonatal sepsis and sepsis screen was done to corroborate the diagnosis of neonatal sepsis.
Results: Of 100 neonates, 21 belongs to sepsis; 14 to probable sepsis; 65 to no sepsis. HSS in umbilical cord blood (UCB) had Sensitivity-74.28%, Specificity-92.30%, PPV-83.87%, NPV-86.95% and HSS in PVB had Sensitivity-62.85%, Specificity- 87.69%, PPV-75.86%, NPV-81.69%.
Conclusion: HSS score in UCB can be used as a simple, quick, cost-effective, and readily available screening test with decent sensitivity and high specificity, for the detection of EONS.
A study on the demographic, clinical, and radiological profile of lineage B.1.1.7 (United Kingdom) strain Covid-19 patients at Telangana institute of medical sciences and research, Hyderabad
Authors: Gali Jayasri Helen , Musku Manasa , Reddy Devireddy Pallavi , Thomas Vimala , Khan Ehsan Ahmed
Published: January 2022

Background: Emergence of variants with specific mutations in key epitopes in the spike protein of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) raises concerns pertinent to its severity.
Aims and Objectives: To assess the demographics, clinico-radiological pattern, and outcome of reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) positive isolated coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients arrived from the United Kingdom (UK).
Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional, observational study was conducted in RT-PCR positive COVID-19 patients arrived from the UK, from December 2020 to February 2021. Nasopharyngeal samples of all patients were sent for whole-genome sequencing of SARS-CoV-2. The aimed parameters were compared between the B.1.17 positive and non-B.1.1.7 groups, among the people, arrived from the UK. All statistical tests with P<0.05 were considered significant.
Results: A total of 59 SARS-CoV2 infected patients, who arrived from the UK, were isolated from December 2020 to February 2021 at Telangana Institute of Medical Sciences hospital, Hyderabad, were enrolled in the study. Of these, 27 patients (mean age-31.81±11.28 years) were infected with the B.1.1.7, diagnosed by whole genomic sequencing. Males were predominant in our study. Personal habits such as smoking, alcohol intake were higher among the sequenced group with a significant P<0.05. The most common symptoms observed in the sequenced group were cough (22.22%), sore throat (22.22%), cold (11.11%), fever (11.11%), and in the unsequenced group were cough (22.22%), cold (6.25%), fever (6.25%). In the sequenced group, chest X-ray posteroanterior view was normal in 74%, patchy ground-glass opacities was observed in 25.92% patients, whereas in the unsequenced group it was 84.37% and 15.62%, respectively. Asymptomatic patients, observed in the sequenced and unsequenced group were 48.18% and 78.12%, respectively, and symptomatic patients were 51.85% and 21.87%, respectively. We found a statistically significant difference between sequenced and unsequenced patients in the asymptomatic group with a significant P<0.05. In the sequenced and unsequenced group, mild cases were 48.18% and 18.75%, moderate cases were 3.7% and 3.12%, respectively. We found no evidence of an association between disease severity and lineage B.1.17.
Conclusion: Our data, within the context and limitations of a real-world study, provide initial reassurance that severity in hospitalized patients with B.1.1.7 is not markedly different from severity in those without B.1.1.7.
A comparative prospective observational study on the use of ulipristal acetate versus mifepristone in reduction of the size of uterine leiomyoma
Authors: Lipika Ghosh  , Rakshit Abhijit , Madhumita De
Published: January 2022

Background: Fibroid or uterine leiomyoma is the most common benign tumor of the uterus in the reproductive age group and found in one out of every four women. They are symptomatic in 50% of women, with the peak incidence occurring among women in their 30s or 40s. Fibroid can cause a variety of symptoms which include menstrual disturbances commonly menorrhagia and dysmenorrhea. It is a common indication of hysterectomy in Indians. An effective medical treatment option may reduce hysterectomy-associated morbidity and mortality. This study is undertaken to evaluate the efficacy and safety of medical management of myoma and contribution in the reduction of myoma size comparing the two drugs ulipristal and mifepristone.
Aims and Objectives: The study was conducted to compare reduction of menorrhagia (By pictorial blood loss assessment chart score), reduction of fibroid size (using transvaginal ultrasonography), and improvement of hemoglobin (Hb) level. We are also evaluating safety or side effects using these drugs.
Materials and Methods: The study includes 210 patients who are divided into two groups. Group A includes 105 patients who are treated with tablet Ulipristal Acetate 5 mg daily for 3 months and Group B includes 105 patients who are treated with tablet mifepristone 25 mg daily for 3 months.
Results: Ulipristal and mifepristone both are effective in reduction of menorrhagia and improvement of Hb levels, but Ulipristal is more effective in reduction of size of uterine myoma than mifepristone after 3 months of treatment.
Conclusion: Multicentric study over a larger population is required to reach a valid conclusion.
A study on outcome of controlled ovarian hyperstimulation and intrauterine insemination (husband) in a medical college in Kolkata
Authors: Roy Rajib , Agniv Sarkar  , Dalal Bibhas Saha
Published: January 2022

Background: A combination of controlled ovarian hyperstimulation and intrauterine insemination (IUI) remains an important treatment option for couple having infertility. Success rate of IUI with ovulation induction ranges from 8-20% depending on many factors.
Aims and Objectives: To assess the factors affecting the success rate of IUI and to evaluate the success of ovulation Induction by different methods of controlled stimulation protocol.
Materials and Methods: It is a duration-based prospective cross-sectional study where total of 67 couples were included by inclusion and exclusion criteria. They underwent 90 cycles of IUI with each couple having a maximum of three cycles. Ovulation induction was done by clomiphene citrate or letrozole or gonadotrophins. Semen preparation was done by density gradient method. The outcomewas measured by positive urine pregnancy test. Range, percentage, confidence interval, mean with standard deviation, median, range, and P-value were calculated. P<0.05 was taken as statistically significant.
Results: Out of 90 IUI cycles 8 were successful resulting in a success rate of 8.8% per cycle and 11.9% per couple. Factors that had a positive impact were follicle size >21 sqmm, endometrial thickness >9 mm, post wash count >15 million/ml, >2 cycles of IUI and on the number of follicles 2 or more on the day of trigger.
Conclusion: The study concluded that IUI after ovulation induction can be a simple and safe cost-effective procedure in selected group of infertile couple. Clinical significance IUI following ovulation induction can be a successful approach for specific indications in a low-resource setting where options for other ART interventions are absent or limited.
Unveiling the omicron B.1.1. 529: The variant of concern that is rattling the globe
Authors: Dhar Ruby , Talukdar Joyeeta , Nayek Arnab , Ajmeriya Swati , Kumar Arun , Karmakar Subhradip
Published: January 2022

Most viruses–including SARS-CoV-2, seem to have evolved over time. The lack of stringent proofreading mechanisms makes viral DNA/RNA replication error-prone. When a virus replicates, it sometimes changes a little bit, which is called mutations. Any virus with one or more new mutations can be referred to as a “variant” of the original virus. The last 2 years have witnessed the emergence of a large number of variants. Since the pandemic’s beginning, the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus has mutated extensively, resulting in the emergence of different variants of the virus. One of these is the delta variant (arising from Pango lineage B.1.617.2) that took the word in a storm this year (February-July). The current a variant of concern is the B.1.1.529 (Omicron) variant reported first from South Africa on November 24, 2021. In recent weeks, infections have been widely reported, along with the increased detection of the B.1.1.529 variant. We reviewed the emergence of the new variant (B1.1.529) and its possible outcomes.
Cell to cell hijacking: Role of membrane nanotubes
Authors: Pethusamy Karthikeyan , Dhar Ruby , Kumar Arun , Karmakar Subhradip
Published: January 2022

Cell to Cell communications is the pivot for life processes. Any event that disrupts this leads to the loss of physiological function, eventually leading to cell death. Evolutionarily, cells developed an elaborate mechanism to undertake this paramount responsibility through cell surface glycocalyx, receptors, integrins, and other recognition molecules. Cells also exchange through local acting soluble mediators as well as through vesicles and exosomes. Recent development in this field led to the identification of a spectacular network of membrane process that seems to be the supremo of all that was known about cellular communications. These are called membrane nanotubes or tunneling nanotubes (TNT). Cellular communication can be subdivided into contact and contactless. The former provides more rapid and molecule transfer as compared to the latter. Tunneling nanotubes (TNTs) are a novel type of contact-based communication. TNTs are straight, thin membrane extensions connecting cells over long distances first reported in PC12 cells in 2004. TNT is believed to form from actin-based membrane protrusion. There are three different models of TNT formation. a>Protrusions from one cell grow and extend until it reaches the other cell, followed by a membrane fusion. b> Membrane protrusions grow from both cells until they meet and establish a connection c> TNT formation by cell dislodgement when cells migrate further apart from each other, and during this movement, TNT is formed. It is possible that all these three models may be operational depending on cell types and context.
Tunneling nanotubes (TNT) are dynamic connections between cells, representing a novel route for cell-to-cell communication. TNT was reported in various cell types, like epithelial cells, neuronal cells, mesenchyma cells, and immune cells engaged in intercellular exchanges of molecules, subcellular organelles, and pathogen and viruses transport routes. TNT can extend up to 200 µm in length and about 50 nm to 1500 nm in diameter in macrophages. TNT can be established between similar cell types (homo-TNT) or between one cell type and another ( hetro TNT) and thus may be involved in the initiation and growth of cancer as well as dissemination of cancer cells. TNTs are also assumed to play a role in treatment resistance, e.g., in chemotherapy treatment of cancer. Recently, TNT has been used to hijack mitochondria from healthy cells by the cancer cells as a source of energy. TNT was also reported to transport miRNA and other RNA to the surrounding stroma creating an environment suitable for cancer growth. More research in this discipline is needed to understand the full function of these wonderful nanostructures.
Impact of body mass index on critically ill COVID-19 patients admitted in a tertiary care hospital : a retrospective observational study
Authors: Gupta Savita , Goel Varun , Nazir Nazia , Srivastava Saurabh , Srivastava Anurag
Published: January 2022

Background: Increased body mass index (BMI) is a known risk factor for respiratory infection and is being recognized as a predisposing factor in the COVID‐19 pandemic caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus‐2.
Aims and Objectives: This study aimed to assess the association between different body mass index categories with severe COVID-19 patients leading to death.
Materials and Methods: This retrospective study of six months included the laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 patients admitted to an ICU of a tertiary care academic health care organization. The medical records were reviewed at least 14 days after admission. 
Results: 484 patients were included, and BMI data were available for 306 patients. 40.19% had a normal weight, 26.79% were overweight, 17.97% had BMI 30-34.9 Kg/m2 and 15.03% had BMI ≥ 35 Kg/m2. Overall, 58 patients (18.95%) died within 14 days of ICU admission, 50.98% were discharged alive or referred from the hospital within 14 days, and 30.06% remained hospitalized at 14 days. After controlling for all covariates, there was a significantly increased risk of mortality in the patients with obesity class I (RR 2.03, 95% CI 1.07-3.85, P = 0.030) and patients with obesity class II & III (RR 2.83, 95% CI 1.54–5.22, P <0.001) compared with those with normal BMI.
Conclusions: Obesity was associated with an unfavorable outcome among patients with COVID-19. Patients with obesity should be more closely monitored when hospitalized for COVID-19 as there is increasing evidence of relation of severity of COVID-19 and obesity which appears to be a factor in the health risks.
Insights into Knowledge, Attitude and Perception about Dental Ergonomics and Work-Related Musculo Skeletal Disorders (MSD) among Dental Professionals at Chengalpet District, Tamil Nadu, India: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Karthikeyan GR , Balaguhan Balasubramaniyam , Mathanmohan Aiyathurai , Deepak Velu , Indrapriyadharshini K , Devar Mrugesh Nirmala
Published: January 2022

Introduction: Despite all modern technological advances, dentistry is a profession still being affected by various musculoskeletal disorders, because of their prolonged working hours and difficult postures. Hence, this study was undertaken to assess the basic knowledge, attitude and practice of dental ergonomics during routine dental procedures among dental professionals and the second aim of the study focused on knowledge, attitude and practice of dental ergonomics by gender.
Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 203 dental professionals from January 2021 to February 2021. A structured questionnaire consisting of 15 questions was administered. Descriptive analysis of demographic variables was done and knowledge, attitude and perception scores were performed using the chi-square test.
Results: Among the 203 participants, a considerable majority of the participants which is about 75.9% (male: 71.1% and female: 79.6%) reported that they have awareness of dental ergonomics. There were no statistically significant differences between males and females regarding knowledge score of p=1.280. About 46.4% of participants (male: 54.3 % and female: 43.9%), complained of neck pain followed by 44.3% (male 41.3% and female 45.2%) complained of back pain. About 58.6% reported that the pain was caused strictly because of improper posture and non-ergonomically designed equipment. The difference between the gender variations was statistically significant regarding perception about dental ergonomics (p=0.001*)
Conclusion: Dental professionals have considerable awareness of ergonomics in dental practice. The current study highlights the situation of ergonomics in dental practice in the form of knowledge, attitude, and practices.
Occupational health hazards and use of personal protective equipment among automobile mechanics in Surulere local government area of Lagos State, Nigeria - a descriptive study
Authors: Ozomata Ebenezer Adeiza , Osagiede Emmanuel Friday , Onyebujoh Thelma Joy
Published: January 2022

Introduction: The job of an automobile mechanic is associated with hazards, illness, and injuries, which may result in sickness, absenteeism, economic loss, disability, or even death. This study assessed the level of knowledge and workplace safety practice by automobile mechanics.

Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out among 120 registered automobile mechanics in Surulere Local Government Area of Lagos State, Nigeria. A questionnaire was used to obtain information on socio-demography and occupational health practices. Data entry and analysis were done with Epi-info 3.5.1(2008). Chi-square and Fischer Exact tests were used to test for significance.

Results: The respondents were all males with a mean age of 39.9±7.5 years, the majority learned the trade through apprenticeship (95.80%) and on full-time work (98.30%). Most respondents (95.8%) were aware of at least one health problem associated with its hazards. Over 75% of respondents were aware of physical hazards. Over eighty percent (84.17%) of respondents used their own overalls, 40% of them used overalls regularly, and only 26.67% of respondents used overalls appropriately.

Conclusion: Many respondents were aware of health problems, occupational hazards, and PPE used in the Automobile workplace but did not translate to good practice of workplace safety as seen in only 1.67%. The respondents did not deem the use of PPE necessary and lack, or inadequate training on the ‘how’ and ‘why’ PPE were identified as factors hindering PPE use. Workers' training and adherence monitoring could help improve good workplace safety practices in Lagos, Nigeria.
Occupational radiation safety studies in Nepal – a review
Authors: Nyaichyai Kanchan Sarga
Published: January 2022

Occupational radiation safety and health is the most neglected aspect in the health sector in Nepal. There has been gross negligence in occupational safety and health as a whole in Nepal. This paper is a review of previously published articles on topics of occupational radiation safety and health in Nepal. Keywords such as Nepal, occupational safety, radiation safety, radiation risk, and health were used to search for relevant articles in PUBMED and Google Scholar.

A total of 15 research articles were reviewed, which dealt with different forms of occupational radiation risks and exposure, regulatory works and consequently its knowledge and awareness among the professionals. The reviewed articles are basically of 3 types: analytical or progress reports, knowledge or awareness assessment, and measurement-based research articles.

The overall status of occupational radiation safety and health does not look satisfactory. Although occupational radiation safety and health is a very important issue at an individual, social and national level in any hospital, agricultural or industrial sector, it has not received much attention so far in Nepal. This is evident by the minimal number of literature available on the status of occupational radiation safety and health in Nepal. Standard work situations and criteria have to be set up and regular radiation monitoring should be done to ensure the maintenance of quality at work. In addition, workshops, seminars, symposiums, training courses, and Continuing Professional Education (CPE) programs should be organized regularly to raise the level of radiation awareness in the profession. The state agencies need to develop and update respective national laws, policy and programs for occupational radiation safety and health. There is an utmost need for extensive researches to be performed covering overall radiation health and other services of the professionals in Nepal where radiation is being used for their advantageous purposes.
The fate of a Military Pilot in Malaysia: Lingering on the ground after young stroke
Authors: Mohammad Zulkefley , Ibrahim Ariff Azfarahim , Ismail Rosnah , Abdul Manaf Mohd Rizal
Published: January 2022

Strokes in young pilots can result in the devastating loss of productive years of life, especially for pilots at the peak of their careers. A 32-yr-old male military helicopter pilot was diagnosed with superior sagittal sinus thrombosis and bilateral parietal hemorrhages secondary to protein S deficiency after 15 years in military service. Two years post-stroke, he was carefully evaluated for a possible return to work after aeromedical assessment and the 1 percent rule being considered. A decision was made by the medical board for him to be disqualified to fly and grounded with work accommodation. The authors recommend that there is a need for reassessment up to two years using the objective PULHEEMS method for young pilots who failed aeromedical assessment due to stroke for returning to work as their experiences and knowledge is highly valuable.
CRITICAL SUCCESS FACTORS FOR BUILDING INFORMATION MODELLING (BIM) IMPLEMENTATION FOR POWER PLANT PROJECTS IN MALAYSIA
Authors: Aziz Mohd Azrul , Wong Chee Fui , Haron Nuzul Azam , Ales@Alias Aidi Hizami , Raja Ahmad Effendi Raja Ahmad Azmeer , Tan Ooi Kuan
Published: January 2022

Building Information Modelling (BIM) has become increasingly important for the construction industry in Malaysia. BIM implementation process requires proper strategic planning and considerations from many aspects.Malaysian government has realised the importance of BIM as an emerging technology to transform the construction industry in Malaysia,and thus has classified BIM as one of the twelve main technology in  CIDB “Construction 4.0 Strategic Plan 2021-2025”. BIM implementation offer significant benefits to the power generation sector in Malaysia Thisstudy was conducted using the quantitaive research method in which questionnaires survey were distributed to the clients‘ representatives in the Malaysian power sector. This study has identified the 13 critical success factors to be considered by clients for BIM implementation in power plant projects in Malaysia. The success factors were classified based on the four (4) main fields or factors namely management, people, process and technology. The study findings show that management support is the most important success factor for the power plant projects while other success factors such as people, process and technology were also identified and discussed.
ABSTRAK: Model Pembangunan Maklumat (BIM) merupakan sebuah konsep penting bagi industri pembinaan di Malaysia. Proses pelaksanaan BIM memerlukan perancangan strategik dan pertimbangan wajar dari pelbagai aspek. Kerajaan Malaysia sedar akan kepentingan BIM sebagai teknologi pemangkin dalam transformasi industri pembinaan Malaysia di mana BIM telah disenaraikan sebagai salah satu daripada 12 teknologi utama dalam CIDB “Plan Strategik 4.0 Pembangunan 2021-2025”. Pelaksanaan BIM memberi faedah ketara kepada sektor jana kuasa di Malaysia. Kajian ini dibuat menggunakan kaedah kuantitatif melalui kaji selidik ke atas wakil klien dalam sektor tenaga Malaysia. Kajian ini telah mengenal pasti 13 faktor kejayaan kritikal yang perlu dipertimbangkan oleh klien bagi menghasilkan projek loji jana kuasa di Malaysia. Faktor kejayan ini telah diklasifikasi berdasarkan 4 bidang utama seperti pengurusan, pekerja, proses dan teknologi. Dapatan kajian menunjukkan bahawa sokongan daripada pihak pengurusan merupakan faktor utama bagi kejayaan sesebuah projek jana kuasa, di samping faktor-faktor lain seperti pekerja, proses dan teknologi juga telah dikenal pasti dan dibincangkan.
AVALIAÇÃO DA QUALIDADE FÍSICO-QUÍMICOS DE MÉIS OBTIDOS DE PRODUTORES RURAIS DA REGIÃO DO ALTO URUGUAI – RS
Authors: Bastos Gabriela , Steffens Juliana , Steffens Clarice
Published: January 2022

O objetivo desse trabalho foi determinar as características físico-químicas de 9 amostras de mel de abelhas Apis mellífera, oriundas de diferentes munícipios da região do Alto Uruguai do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul. Desta maneira, os méis foram analisados em relação ao pH, umidade, açúcares redutores, cinzas, hidroximetilfurfural e análises qualitativas de adulterantes (reação de Lugol e reação de Lund). De acordo com os resultados obtidos, verificou-se que para o pH os valores se encontram dentro do permitido pela legislação. Para os açucares redutores algumas amostras (44,44%), ficaram acima do permitido, o que pode ser por influência da flora local. Para as análises de cinzas e hidroximetilfurfural, todas as amostras apresentaram-se dentro do limite e, para acidez livre, os resultados encontrados se enquadraram dentro do valor máximo permitido, exceto por 11,11% das amostras que não se adequaram. Conclui-se que em relação ao pH, cinzas e hidroximetilfurfural e a reação de Lugol, os valores para todas as amostras analisadas, apresentaram-se dentro do permitido pela legislação brasileira. Para o teor de umidade (33,33%) e açucares redutores (44,44%) das amostras apresentaram valores acima do permitido pela legislação. Conforme as análises de adulterantes, entre as amostras de mel analisadas para a reação de Lund, 44,44% apresentaram teores abaixo do permitido.
ESTUDO DE OPERAÇÕES DE ADIÇÃO E DE SUBTRAÇÃO DE NÚMEROS INTEIROS POR MEIO DO USO DO SOFTWARE PIFE MATEMÁTICO
Authors: Hepp Rehfeldt Márcia Jussara , Marques de Rezende Lucinei
Published: January 2022

Este artigo apresenta os resultados parciais de uma prática pedagógica desenvolvida em uma Escola Estadual no Norte do Estado do Mato Grosso, com alunos do sétimo ano do Ensino Fundamental, que no contraturno frequentam da Sala de Recursos Multifuncionais. O objetivo da prática foi investigar as contribuições de um conjunto de atividades por meio do uso do recurso “Pife Matemático”, no processo de ensino das operações de adição e subtração com números inteiros, para estudantes com Transtorno de Déficit de Atenção e Hiperatividade (TDAH). Os dados foram coletados por meio da gravação de áudios, observações feitas no diário de campo, fotos, além de atividades escritas por dois alunos[1], envolvendo operações com números inteiros com a exploração do software "Pife Matemático". Entre os resultados obtidos percebeu-se a satisfação dos alunos em trabalhar com a matemática neste contexto, haja vista que os estudantes se mostraram predispostos e motivados a aprender os conceitos e operações com os números inteiros. Ademais, mostraram-se concentrados e atentos nas atividades, superando as limitações de distração do seu cotidiano.
 
[1] Um terceiro aluno esteve presente em toda a pesquisa, mas não desenvolveu nenhuma atividade no decorrer dos encontros.
O ARCO DE MAGUEREZ COMO PROPOSTA METODOLÓGICA PARA FORMAÇÃO EM EDUCAÇÃO EM SAÚDE
Authors: BECKER ENGERS PATRÍCIA , Godinho Soares Renata , Copetti Jaqueline , Vilanova Ilha Phillip
Published: January 2022

O objetivo do presente estudo foi verificar a aplicabilidade e as possibilidades da Metodologia da Problematização enquanto método de formação em educação em saúde. Trata-se de um estudo qualitativo de caráter exploratório. Participaram do mesmo 18 sujeitos, sendo estes professores da educação básica, acadêmicos e profissionais da área da saúde. Foi realizada uma formação em educação em saúde em formato de oficina tendo como base a Metodologia da Problematização com Arco de Maguerez. A recolha de dados se deu através da observação participante, ficha de registro utilizada por cada grupo de trabalho e questionário elaborado pelos autores, visando investigar questões sobre o perfil acadêmico e profissional dos participantes, o conhecimento e as percepções sobre a aplicabilidade da metodologia. Os dados foram analisados de forma descritiva através de frequência de respostas e com base na análise de conteúdo. A proposta metodológica de desenvolvimento da oficina foi bem aceita pelos participantes, para o qual, todos consideraram a realização da oficina a partir desta metodologia, eficiente para aperfeiçoar sua formação e apontaram que pretendem aplicar em algum momento as reflexões e hipóteses levantadas durante a oficina com seus públicos de trabalho. Quatro dos participantes relataram não conhecer a metodologia anteriormente, entretanto, apenas um dos professores havia utilizado a mesma em suas aulas. Conclui-se que a utilização da Metodologia da Problematização com base no Arco de Maguerez apresenta potencialidades enquanto metodologia para formação continuada, possibilitando uma formação interativa-reflexiva, através da participação de forma colaborativa desde o início do percurso do Arco.
AÇÕES DE EDUCAÇÃO EM SAÚDE VOLTADAS À PESSOA IDOSA
Authors: Santos Paola Maria Freitas , Oliveira Priscila Andreja , Alves Flávia Ribeiro , Santos Álvaro da Silva
Published: January 2022

Resumo: Com o envelhecimento populacional, a Atenção Primária à Saúde vem desempenhando papel fundamental em ações essenciais que promovem saúde e previnem agravos, sendo apoiada pela Educação em Saúde, a qual proporciona a alfabetização em saúde. Trata-se de uma Revisão Integrativa da Literatura que considerou o período de 2010 a 2019, nas bases de dados BVS, Lilacs, Medline, Ibecs, Scielo, Redalyc, Pubmed, Cinahl, Psycinfo em português, inglês e espanhol, sendo realizada a busca em maio de 2020. A seleção dos artigos atingiu o total de artigos de 184.117, os quais após o refinamento foram considerados 20 deles e identificadas duas categorias: “Educação em Saúde na Atenção Primária à Saúde enquanto promotora do bem-estar biopsicossocial”, e “Educação em Saúde no engajamento do saber popular”. O predomínio da população idosa do sexo feminino nas atividades de Educação em Saúde mostrou que o público masculino ainda apresenta resistência na adesão às atividades. Houve destaque para promoção, prevenção da saúde e a prática de atividades físicas. O presente estudo ressaltou a importância do investimento em políticas públicas que visem medidas com foco na inserção da pessoa idosa em atividades de Educação em Saúde, e que os profissionais desenvolvam estratégias que atendam às necessidades da população idosa.
Palavras-chave: Educação em Saúde. Grupos de Educação em Saúde. Idoso; Orientação em saúde.