bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Draft Genome Sequences of
bla
KPC
-Containing Enterobacter aerogenes, Citrobacter freundii, and Citrobacter koseri Strains
Authors: Hazen Tracy H. , Mettus Roberta T. , McElheny Christi L. , Bowler Sarah L. , Doi Yohei , Rasko David A.
Published: February 2018

We report here the draft genome sequences of four
bla
KPC
-containing bacteria identified as
Klebsiella aerogenes
,
Citrobacter freundii
, and
Citrobacter koseri
. Additionally, we report the draft genome sequence of a
K. aerogenes
strain that did not contain a
bla
KPC
gene but was isolated from the patient who had the
bla
KPC-2
-containing
K. aerogenes
strain.
Genome Sequence of Azospirillum brasilense REC3, Isolated from Strawberry Plants
Authors: Fontana Cecilia Alejandra , Salazar Sergio Miguel , Bassi Daniela , Puglisi Edoardo , Lovaisa Nadia , Toffoli Lucía Mercedes , Pedraza Raúl , Cocconcelli Pier Sandro
Published: February 2018

The genome sequence of a plant growth-promoting bacterium and biocontrol agent,
Azospirillum brasilense
REC3, isolated from strawberry roots, is reported here. The
A. brasilense
REC3 total genome contains 7,229,924 bp and has a G+C content of 68.7 mol%.
Draft Genome Sequence of Microcystis aeruginosa NIES-87, a Bloom-Forming Cyanobacterium from Lake Kasumigaura, Japan
Authors: Yamaguchi Haruyo , Suzuki Shigekatsu , Kawachi Masanobu
Published: February 2018

Microcystis aeruginosa
is a problematic cyanobacterium in freshwater lakes distributed worldwide. Here, we report the draft genome sequence of
M. aeruginosa
NIES-87, isolated from Lake Kasumigaura, Japan. The genome is approximately 4.9 Mb in size, with an average G+C content of 42.9% and 4,355 predicted protein-coding genes.
Uniting science and stories: Perspectives on the value of storytelling for communicating science
Authors: Green Stephanie J. , Grorud-Colvert Kirsten , Mannix Heather
Published: February 2018

Science helps us identify problems, understand their extent, and begin to find solutions; it helps us understand future directions for our society. Scientists bear witness to scenes of change and discovery that most people will never experience. Yet the vividness of these experiences is often left out when scientists talk and write about their work. A growing community of practice is showing that scientists can share their message in an engaging way using a strategy that most are already familiar with: storytelling. Here we draw on our experiences leading scientist communication training and hosting science storytelling events at the International Marine Conservation Congress to share basic techniques, tips, and resources for incorporating storytelling into any scientist’s communication toolbox.
Spectroscopic study of β-delayed particle emission from proton-rich nucleus 23Si
Authors: Wang K. , Fang D. Q. , Wang Y. T. , Xu X. X. , Sun L. J. , Bai Z. , Huang M. R. , Jin S. L. , Li C. , Li H. , Li J. , Li X. F. , Lin C. J. , Ma J. B. , Ma P. , Ma W. H. , Nie M. W. , Shi C. Z. , Wang H. W. , Wang J. G. , Wang J. S. , Yang L. , Yang Y. Y. , Zhang H. Q. , Zhou Y. J. , Ma Y. G. , Shen W. Q.
Published: February 2018

The [Formula: see text]-delayed particle emission from the exotic nucleus [Formula: see text]Si has been studied using a detection system with silicon array and clover-type high-purity germanium (HPGe) detectors. The [Formula: see text]-delayed charged-particle spectrum and [Formula: see text]-ray spectrum were identified. The half-life of [Formula: see text]Si has been determined. A new [Formula: see text]-delayed proton branch with an energy of 3811[Formula: see text]keV was observed. The [Formula: see text]-delayed two-proton emission was confirmed.
MEAN REVERSION TRADING WITH SEQUENTIAL DEADLINES AND TRANSACTION COSTS
Authors: KITAPBAYEV YERKIN , LEUNG TIM
Published: February 2018

We study the optimal timing strategies for trading a mean-reverting price process with a finite deadline to enter and a separate finite deadline to exit the market. The price process is modeled by a diffusion with an affine drift that encapsulates a number of well-known models, including the Ornstein–Uhlenbeck (OU) model, Cox–Ingersoll–Ross (CIR) model, Jacobi model, and inhomogeneous geometric Brownian motion (IGBM) model. We analyze three types of trading strategies: (i) the long–short (long to open, short to close) strategy; (ii) the short–long (short to open, long to close) strategy, and (iii) the chooser strategy whereby the trader has the added flexibility to enter the market by taking either a long or short position, and subsequently close the position. For each strategy, we solve an optimal double stopping problem with sequential deadlines, and determine the optimal timing of trades. Our solution methodology utilizes the local time-space calculus of [Peskir (2005) A change-of-variable formula with local time on curves, Journal of Theoretical Probability 18, 499–535] to derive nonlinear integral equations of Volterra-type that uniquely characterize the trading boundaries. The numerical implementation of the integral equations provides examples of the optimal trading boundaries.
Synthesis, characterization of new phthalocyanines and investigation of photophysical, photochemical properties and theoretical studies
Authors: Tayfuroğlu Ömer , Kılıçarslan Fatma Aytan , Atmaca Göknur Yasa , Erdoğmuş Ali
Published: February 2018

This work describes the synthesis, spectral, aggregation and fluorescence properties of bis 4-[(4-tert-butylbenzyl)oxy substituted metal free (2), magnesium (3), zinc (4) and nickel (5) phthalocyanines. The syntheses of the novel compounds were confirmed by FT-IR, UV-vis, mass and NMR spectroscopy techniques, as well as elemental analysis. The effects of the nature of the central metal on the photophysical parameters of the phthalocyanine complexes are reported in this study. The photochemical properties (singlet oxygen quantum yields and photodegradation quantum yields) and photophysical properties (fluorescence behavior and fluorescence quantum yield) of the complexes were reported in different solutions (dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and dimethyl formamide (DMF) and tetrahydrofuran (THF)). However, energy minimized structure, vibrational frequency, molecular orbital levels and electronic absorption spectra were obtained by DFT calculations which supported the experimental results.
Bitcoin's underlying incentives
Authors: Sompolinsky Yonatan , Zohar Aviv
Published: February 2018

The unseen economic forces that govern the Bitcoin protocol.
Analysis of SSL certificate reissues and revocations in the wake of heartbleed
Authors: Zhang Liang , Choffnes David , Dumitraş Tudor , Levin Dave , Mislove Alan , Schulman Aaron , Wilson Christo
Published: February 2018

A properly managed public key infrastructure (PKI) is critical to ensure secure communication on the Internet. Surprisingly, some of the most important administrative steps---in particular, reissuing new X.509 certificates and revoking old ones---are manual and remained unstudied, largely because it is difficult to measure these manual processes at scale.

We use Heartbleed, a widespread OpenSSL vulnerability from 2014, as a natural experiment to determine whether administrators are properly managing their certificates. All domains affected by Heartbleed should have patched their software, revoked their old (possibly compromised) certificates, and reissued new ones, all as quickly as possible. We find the reality to be far from the ideal: over 73% of vulnerable certificates were not reissued and over 87% were not revoked three weeks after Heartbleed was disclosed. Our results also show a drastic decline in revocations on the weekends, even immediately following the Heartbleed announcement. These results are an important step in understanding the manual processes on which users rely for secure, authenticated communication.
The costs and pleasures of a computer science teacher
Authors: Guzdial Mark , Meyer Bertrand
Published: February 2018

The
Communications
Web site, http://cacm.acm.org, features more than a dozen bloggers in the BLOG@CACM community. In each issue of
Communications
, we'll publish selected posts or excerpts.

twitter

Follow us on Twitter at http://twitter.com/blogCACM

http://cacm.acm.org/blogs/blog-cacm

Mark Guzdial considers the enormous opportunity costs of computer science teachers, while Bertrand Meyer ponders the pleasures of arguing with graduate students.
Improving the translational potential of rodent models to study the behavioral and pathophysiological effects of repetitive mild traumatic brain injury
Authors: Huibregtse Megan E.
Published: February 2018

Chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE) is thought to be caused by repetitive head impacts. Consequently, there is a need to develop rodent models to better understand the behavioral and pathophysiological changes of repetitive mild traumatic brain injury (rmTBI) and to determine the link between rmTBI and CTE. This Neuro Forum article reviews recent rodent rmTBI models, comparing the impact methods and outcome measures in terms of translational potential.
Origin and Consequences of Necroinflammation
Authors: Sarhan Maysa , Land Walter G. , Tonnus Wulf , Hugo Christian P. , Linkermann Andreas
Published: February 2018

When cells undergo necrotic cell death in either physiological or pathophysiological settings in vivo, they release highly immunogenic intracellular molecules and organelles into the interstitium and thereby represent the strongest known trigger of the immune system. With our increasing understanding of necrosis as a regulated and genetically determined process (RN, regulated necrosis), necrosis and necroinflammation can be pharmacologically prevented. This review discusses our current knowledge about signaling pathways of necrotic cell death as the origin of necroinflammation. Multiple pathways of RN such as necroptosis, ferroptosis, and pyroptosis have been evolutionary conserved most likely because of their differences in immunogenicity. As the consequence of necrosis, however, all necrotic cells release damage associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) that have been extensively investigated over the last two decades. Analysis of necroinflammation allows characterizing specific signatures for each particular pathway of cell death. While all RN-pathways share the release of DAMPs in general, most of them actively regulate the immune system by the additional expression and/or maturation of either pro- or anti-inflammatory cytokines/chemokines. In addition, DAMPs have been demonstrated to modulate the process of regeneration. For the purpose of better understanding of necroinflammation, we introduce a novel classification of DAMPs in this review to help detect the relative contribution of each RN-pathway to certain physiological and pathophysiological conditions.
The Designing of Magnetic-Driven Micromirror for Portable FTIRs
Authors: Wang Shaoxi , Yuan Xuan
Published: February 2018

Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy is a widely used instrument to analyze and test different materials including organic and inorganic. Most of current commercial Fourier transform infrared spectrometers are limited in miniaturization and scanning velocity by their macroscopic components. MEMS FTIR spectroscopy is one of the important applications of translational actuator-driven systems by using MEMS technology. The critical component in MEMS FTIRs is the large displacement translating micromirror and its actuator. The paper presents a large displacement and high-surface quality micromirror. The micromirror consists of a micromagnetic actuator and a micromirror plate. The mirror plate and the actuator are fabricated separately and bonded together afterwards, and its size is 3.6 × 3.6 mm2 high-surface quality square mirror plate and a 1cm2 moving part. The microactuator’s moving part is fabricated using MetalMUMPS, and its fixed part includes a ring permanent magnet and a solenoid to realize a large displacement. The mirror plate is fabricated using polished silicon coated with metal layer with high-surface prototypes that are fabricated and experimentally tested. A maximum stroke of 400 μm has been achieved in pull-in whereas only 140 μm stroke have been measured for a 4 to 5-volt DC-controlled displacement, and the resonance frequency is 10 Hz.
Enabling the Analysis of Emergent Behavior in Future Electrical Distribution Systems Using Agent‐Based Modeling and Simulation
Authors: Kolen Sonja , Dähling Stefan , Isermann Timo , Monti Antonello
Published: February 2018

In future electrical distribution systems, component heterogeneity and their cyber‐physical interactions through electrical lines and communication lead to emergent system behavior. As the distribution systems represent the largest part of an energy system with respect to the number of nodes and components, large‐scale studies of their emergent behavior are vital for the development of decentralized control strategies. This paper presents and evaluates DistAIX, a novel agent‐based modeling and simulation tool to conduct such studies. The major novelty is a parallelization of the entire model—including the power system, communication system, control, and all interactions—using processes instead of threads. Thereby, a distribution of the simulation to multiple computing nodes with a distributed memory architecture becomes possible. This makes DistAIX scalable and allows the inclusion of as many processing units in the simulation as desired. The scalability of DistAIX is demonstrated by simulations of large‐scale scenarios. Additionally, the capability of observing emergent behavior is demonstrated for an exemplary distribution grid with a large number of interacting components.
Melatonin for Atypical Antipsychotic-Induced Metabolic Adverse Effects: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
Authors: Kamath Ashwin , Rather Zahoor Ahmad
Published: February 2018

The objective of our study was to determine the effect of melatonin administration on atypical antipsychotic-induced metabolic adverse effects in patients with psychiatric disorders. A systematic search was performed in PUBMED, Cochrane Library, Scopus, Web of Science, and EBSCOhost electronic databases. Randomized controlled trials studying the effect of melatonin on antipsychotic-induced metabolic adverse effects were identified and subjected to meta-analysis. Four studies were included in the meta-analysis, including 57 patients on melatonin and 61 patients on placebo. Melatonin produced a significant decrease in the diastolic blood pressure compared with placebo (mean difference = −4.44 [95% CI, −7.00 to −1.88]; p=0.0007; I2 = 13%), but not the systolic blood pressure (mean difference = −4.23 [95% CI, −8.11 to −0.36]; p=0.03; I2 = 0%). Although a decrease in the body mass index was seen in the melatonin group, the difference was not significant in the random-effects analysis model. To conclude, in patients on atypical antipsychotics, melatonin at a dose of up to 5 mg/day for a treatment duration of up to 12 weeks attenuated the rise in diastolic blood pressure compared with placebo but had no significant effects on other metabolic parameters.
Quantum Cryptography for the Future Internet and the Security Analysis
Authors: Zhou Tianqi , Shen Jian , Li Xiong , Wang Chen , Shen Jun
Published: February 2018

Cyberspace has become the most popular carrier of information exchange in every corner of our life, which is beneficial for our life in almost all aspects. With the continuous development of science and technology, especially the quantum computer, cyberspace security has become the most critical problem for the Internet in near future. In this paper, we focus on analyzing characteristics of the quantum cryptography and exploring of the advantages of it in the future Internet. It is worth noting that we analyze the quantum key distribution (QKD) protocol in the noise-free channel. Moreover, in order to simulate real situations in the future Internet, we also search the QKD protocol in the noisy channel. The results reflect the unconditional security of quantum cryptography theoretically, which is suitable for the Internet as ever-increasing challenges are inevitable in the future.
The Efficiency of Anterior Repositioning Splints in the Management of Pain Related to Temporomandibular Joint Disc Displacement with Reduction
Authors: Pihut Malgorzata , Gorecka Malgorzata , Ceranowicz Piotr , Wieckiewicz Mieszko
Published: February 2018

Background and Objective. Intra-articular temporomandibular disorders are often related to pain in the area of the temporomandibular joint, ear, and temple. The aim of the study was to investigate the efficiency of anterior repositioning splints in decreasing pain related to temporomandibular joint disc displacement with reduction. Methods. The research material consisted of 112 patients, aged 24 to 45 years, of both genders, who reported for treatment at the Consulting Room of Temporomandibular Joint Dysfunctions at the Jagiellonian University in Cracow between 2014 and 2016 due to pain in the area of the temporomandibular joint(s) and noise(s) of temporomandibular joint(s) present during jaw movements with comorbid contracture of masticatory muscles. Subjects were examined according to the Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders (DC/TMD) protocol and, after diagnosis of painful disc displacement with reduction and masticatory muscle contracture, they were assigned randomly to either the study or control groups (56 patients in each). In the study group, we used an anterior repositioning splint on the full lower arch for about 20 hours usage over a 4-month period. In the control group, a noninvasive therapy was applied using a biostimulation laser over 12 sessions performed every second day on the area of both temporomandibular joints with mouth open and while performing muscle self-exercises with a dominant protrusive position of the mandible. Pain intensity was evaluated using the Verbal Numerical Rating Scale (VNRS) immediately before the treatment and then after 4 and 16 weeks. The obtained data were analyzed using the Mann–Whitney U test p≤0.005. Results. The VNRS values reported during the final examination for the study group were significantly lower than for the control group p=0.0004. Conclusions. The anterior repositioning splint is an efficient tool in decreasing pain related to disc displacement with reduction. This trial is registered with Clinicaltrials.gov NCT03057262.
Microscopic Features of Fractured Fragment of Nickel-Titanium Endodontic Instruments by Two Different Modes of Torsional Loading
Authors: Abu-Tahun Ibrahim H. , Kwak Sang Won , Ha Jung-Hong , Kim Hyeon-Cheol
Published: February 2018

This study compared the microscopic features of the fractured endodontic nickel-titanium (NiTi) rotary instruments by two different torsional loadings: repetitive torsional loading (RTL) and single torsional loading (STL) based on the International Organization for Standardization (ISO). ProTaper Next, HyFlex EDM, and V-Taper 2 were compared in this study. In the STL method, the torsional load was applied after fixing the 3 mm tip of the file, by continuous clockwise rotation (2 rpm) until fracture. In the RTL method, a preset rotational loading (0.5 N·cm) was applied and the clockwise loading to the preset torque and counterclockwise unloading to original position were repeated at 50 rpm until the file fractured. Fractured fragments by two methods were compared under a scanning electron microscope (SEM) to examine the topographic features of the fractured surfaces and longitudinal aspects. SEM examinations showed significantly different features according to the loading methods. Specimens from the RTL method showed ruptured aspects on cross sections, with multiple areas of initiated cracks while the STL method showed the typical features of torsional failure, such as circular abrasion marks and fatigue dimples. This study suggested a new repetitive torsional loading method which is much more clinically relevant and may result in a different fracture feature from STL method.
Knockout of Low Molecular Weight FGF2 Attenuates Atherosclerosis by Reducing Macrophage Infiltration and Oxidative Stress in Mice
Authors: Liang Wenjing , Wang Qian , Ma Hui , Yan Wenjiang , Yang Jingjing
Published: February 2018

Background/Aims: Fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2) plays a predominant role during angiogenesis in the adventitia and in atherosclerotic plaque. A dilemma exists, however, as to whether angiogenic stimulation by FGF2 for the prevention and treatment of atherogenesis is feasible. The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of the 18-kDa FGF-2 isoform on atherosclerosis progression in high-fat diet-fed apolipoprotein E knockout (ApoE-/-) mice. Methods: We established a model of atherosclerosis using ApoE and 18-kDa FGF-2 gene double knockout mice. They were randomly divided into three groups depending on the duration of diet: 8 weeks, 12 weeks and 16 weeks. Then, we studied the morphology and inflammatory factor staining in the atherosclerosis plaque of these mice. Results: Knockout of the 18-kDa FGF-2 isoform did not change the metabolic characteristics of the mice. Compared to the control group, knockout of the 18-kDa FGF-2 isoform significantly attenuated atherogenesis, reduced aortic plaques, reduced macrophage infiltration and suppressed oxidative stress in mice fed with a high fat diet at all-time points. Conclusions: 18-kDa FGF-2 aggravated the inflammatory reaction of atherosclerosis.
FOXO1, a Potential Therapeutic Target, Regulates Autophagic Flux, Oxidative Stress, Mitochondrial Dysfunction, and Apoptosis in Human Cholangiocarcinoma QBC939 Cells
Authors: He Wei , Zhang Aiqing , Qi Lei , Na Chen , Jiang Rui , Fan Zhining , Chen Jianping
Published: February 2018

Background/Aims: Autophagy is an evolutionarily conserved catabolic mechanism to maintain energy homeostasis and to remove damaged cellular components, which plays an important role in the survival of various cells. Inhibiting autophagy is often applied as a new strategy to halt the growth of cancer cells. Methods: The effect of FOXO1 gene on cellular function and apoptosis and its underlying mechanisms were investigated in cultured QBC939 cells by the methylthiazoletetrazolium (MTT) assay, western blot, DCFDA mitochondrial membrane potential, and ATP content measurement. FOXO1 siRNA was applied to down-regulate FOXO1 expression in QBC939 cells. Results: Here we reported that FOXO1, acetylation of FOXO1 (Ac-FOXO1) and the following interaction between Ac-FOXO1 and Atg7 regulated the basal and serum starvation (SS)-induced autophagy as evidenced by light chain 3 (LC3) accumulation and p62 degration. Either treatment with FOXO1 siRNA or resveratrol, a sirt1 agonist, inhibited autophagic flux, resulting in oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction (MtD) and apoptosis in QBC939 cells, which were attenuated by enhancing autophagy with rapamycin. On the contrary, inhibiting autophagic flux with 3-MA worsened all these effects in QBC939 cells. Conclusions: Taken together, our study for the first time identified FOXO1 as a potential therapeutic target to cure against human cholangiocarcinoma via regulation of autophagy, oxidative stress and MtD.
Strong genetic subdivision in Leptobrachium hendricksoni (Anura: Megophryidae) in Southeast Asia
Authors: Draškić Gordon , Wangkulangkul Sansareeya , Martínez-Solano Iñigo , Vörös Judit
Published: February 2018

Many biodiversity hotspots are located in areas with a complex geological history, like Southeast Asia, where species diversity may still be far underestimated, especially in morphologically conservative groups like amphibians. Recent phylogenetic studies on the frog genus Leptobrachium from Southeast Asia revealed the presence of deeply divergent mitochondrial clades in Leptobrachium hendricksoni from Malaysia and Sumatra but populations from Thailand have not been studied so far. In this study, we re-evaluate patterns of intraspecific genetic diversity in L. hendricksoni based on the analysis of combined sequences of mitochondrial 12S and 16S genes (1310 base pairs) including for the first time samples from southern Thailand. Thai populations of L. hendricksoni formed a distinct clade with respect to populations from central and southern Malaysia and Sumatra. High sequence divergence between lineages from Thailand, Malaysia and Sumatra suggests the possible presence of cryptic species in L. hendricksoni. Divergence within L. hendricksoni dates back to the late Miocene, around 6 Mya, when lineages from Thailand, north Malaysia and Sumatra split from a lineage in south Malaysia, at about the same time as rising sea levels isolated the Thai-Malay peninsula. Subsequent splits took place later in the Pliocene, around 4.5 and 2.6 Mya. Our results highlight the role of geological history in promoting population divergence and speciation.
Behavioral Dynamics of Rhythm and Meter Perception: The Effect of Musical Expertise in Deviance Detection
Authors: Perna Francesca , Pavani Francesco , Zampini Massimiliano , Mazza Veronica
Published: February 2018

In two behavioral experiments, we explored effects of long-term musical training on the implicit processing of temporal structures (rhythm, non-rhythm and meter), manipulating deviance detection under different conditions. We used a task that did not require an explicit processing of the temporal aspect of stimuli, as this was irrelevant for the task. In Experiment 1, we investigated whether long-term musical training results in a superior processing of auditory rhythm, and thus boosts the detection of auditory deviants inserted within rhythmic compared to non-rhythmic auditory series. In Experiment 2, we focused on the influence of the metrical positions of a rhythmic series, and we compared musicians and non-musicians’ responses to deviant sounds inserted on strong versus weak metrical positions. We hypothesized that musicians would show enhanced rhythmic processing as compared to non-musicians. Furthermore, we hypothesized that musicians’ expectancy level would differ more across metrical positions compared to non-musicians. In both experiments, musicians were faster and more sensitive than non-musicians. Although both groups were overall faster and showed a higher sensitivity for the detection of deviants in rhythmic compared to non-rhythmic series (Experiment 1), only musicians were faster in the detection of deviants on strong positions compared to weak ones (Experiment 2). While rhythm modulates deviance processing also in non-musicians, specific effects of long-term musical training arise when a refined comparison of hierarchical metrical positions is considered. This suggests that long-term musical training enhances sensitivity to the metrical structure and improves temporal prediction mechanisms, even during implicit processing of meter.
Translingualism as Dialogism in Romanian-American Poetry
Authors: Popescu-Sandu Oana
Published: February 2018

This essay examines how translingual poetry by immigrant Romanian writers who live in or travel to the United States requires a transnational community framing rather than a national one and raises new questions about cultural and linguistic identity formation that reflect on both national and world literature issues. This analysis of the Romanian-American contemporary poets Mihaela Moscaliuc, Andrei Guruianu, Claudia Serea, and Aura Maru uses literary and rhetorical translingual theory to show that the “national literature” framing is no longer sufficient to address works created between two languages in a globalized world—Romanian and English, in this case. Born between two cultures and languages, their poetry does not belong entirely to either. In its turn, the national framing—both the Romanian and the American one—can become more porous and inclusive if read through a sociolinguistic “regime of mobility” (Blommaert) lens that gives a more powerful voice to migrant writers.
Blue Jeans, Red Country
Authors: Răduță Magda
Published: February 2018

From their very debut, the writers of the Romanian so-called “’80s Generation” dropped altogether the Thaw literary1 formula, which was based on half-truths. Instead, they developed a programmatic discourse that showed a great self-awareness of “the real reality.” Their need to reconquer the real was radically different from propagandist make-believe, and from the ideological verbiage that constituted the official discourse. This essay looks into the specific configuration of a new poetic paradigm by examining critically the challenges of its relation with the material, that is to say everyday reality (with a special focus on the Romanian youth culture in the ’80s) as one of the defining elements of the young generation’s poetry.
A new species of Formicomotes Sevastianov (Acari: Heterostigmata: Dolichocybidae) associated with termites (Isoptera: Termitidae) from Brazil, with redescription of Formicomotes octipes Sevastianov, 1980
Authors: KHAUSTOV ALEXANDER A. , FROLOV ANDREY V.
Published: February 2018

The new species Formicomotes brasiliensis sp. nov. (Acari: Heterostigmata: Dolichocybidae), phoretic on the termite genus Nasutitermes Dudley (Insecta: Isoptera) from Brazil, is described. The genus Formicomotes Sevastianov, 1980 is recorded from the Neotropical region for the first time. Formicomotes octipes Sevastianov, 1980 is redescribed based on type material collected on the ant species Lasius fuliginosus and new specimens from Crimea collected from forest litter.
Comparison of Linear Predictability of Surface Wind Components from Observations with Simulations from RCMs and Reanalysis
Authors: Mao Yiwen , Monahan Adam
Published: February 2018

This study compares the predictability of surface wind components by linear statistical downscaling using data from both observations and comprehensive models [regional climate models (RCM) and NCEP-2 reanalysis] in three domains: North America (NAM), Europe–Mediterranean Basin (EMB), and East Asia (EAS). A particular emphasis is placed on predictive anisotropy, a phenomenon referring to unequal predictability of surface wind components in different directions. Simulated predictability by comprehensive models is generally close to that found in observations in flat regions of NAM and EMB, but it is overestimated relative to observations in mountainous terrain. Simulated predictability in EAS shows different structures. In particular, there are regions in EAS where predictability simulated by RCMs is lower than that in observations. Overestimation of predictability by comprehensive models tends to occur in regions of low predictability in observations and can be attributed to small-scale physical processes not resolved by comprehensive models. An idealized mathematical model is used to characterize the predictability of wind components. It is found that the signal strength along the direction of minimum predictability is the dominant control on the strength of predictive anisotropy. The biases in the model representation of the statistical relationship between free-tropospheric circulation and surface winds are interpreted in terms of inadequate simulation of small-scale processes in regional and global models, and the primary cause of predictive anisotropy is attributed to such small-scale processes.
The Diurnal Variability of Precipitating Cloud Populations during DYNAMO
Authors: Sakaeda Naoko , Powell Scott W. , Dias Juliana , Kiladis George N.
Published: February 2018

This study uses high-resolution rainfall estimates from the S-Polka radar during the DYNAMO field campaign to examine variability of the diurnal cycle of rainfall associated with MJO convection over the Indian Ocean. Two types of diurnal rainfall peaks were found: 1) a late afternoon rainfall peak associated with the diurnal peak in sea surface temperatures (SSTs) and surface fluxes and 2) an early to late morning rainfall peak associated with increased low-tropospheric moisture. Both peaks appear during the MJO suppressed phase, which tends to have stronger SST warming in the afternoon, while the morning peak is dominant during the MJO enhanced phase. The morning peak occurs on average at 0000–0300 LST during the MJO suppressed phase, while it is delayed until 0400–0800 LST during the MJO enhanced phase. This delay partly results from an increased upscale growth of deep convection to broader stratiform rain regions during the MJO enhanced phase. During the MJO suppressed phase, rainfall is dominated by deep and isolated convective cells that are short-lived and peak in association with either the afternoon SST warming or nocturnal moisture increase. This study demonstrates that knowledge of the evolution of cloud and rain types is critical to explaining the diurnal cycle of rainfall and its variability. Some insights into the role of the complex interactions between radiation, moisture, and clouds in driving the diurnal cycle of rainfall are also discussed.
Comparative in vivo evaluation of novel formulations based on alginate and silver nanoparticles for wound treatments
Authors: Stojkovska Jasmina , Djurdjevic Zeljka , Jancic Ivan , Bufan Biljana , Milenkovic Marina , Jankovic Radmila , Miskovic-Stankovic Vesna , Obradovic Bojana
Published: February 2018

In the present study, possibilities for using novel nanocomposites based on alginate and silver nanoparticles for wound treatment were investigated in a second-degree thermal burn model in Wistar rats. Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were electrochemically synthesized in alginate solutions that were further utilized to obtain the Ag/alginate solution and microfibers for subsequent in vivo studies. Daily applications of the Ag/alginate colloid solution, containing AgNPs, alginate and ascorbic acid (G3), wet Ag/alginate microfibers containing AgNPs (G5) and dry Ag/alginate microfibers containing AgNPs (G6) were compared to treatments with a commercial cream containing silver sulfadiazine (G2) and a commercial Ca-alginate wound dressing containing silver ions (G4), as well as to the untreated controls (G1). Results of the in vivo study have shown faster healing in treated wounds, which completely healed on day 19 (G4, G5 and G6) and 21 (G2 and G3) after the thermal injury, while the period for complete reepitelization of untreated wounds (G1) was 25 days. The macroscopic analysis has shown that scabs fell off between day 10 and 12 after the thermal injury induction in treated groups, whereas between day 15 and 16 in the control group. These macroscopic findings were supported by the results of histopathological analyses, which have shown enhanced granulation and reepithelization, reduced inflammation and improved organization of the extracellular matrix in treated groups without adverse effects. Among the treated groups, dressings based on Ca-alginate (G4-G6) induced enhanced healing as compared to the other two groups (G2, G3), which could be attributed to additional stimuli of released Ca2+. The obtained results indicated potentials of novel nanocomposites based on alginate and AgNPs for therapeutic applications in wound treatments.
Clinical Relevance of Gastrointestinal Microbiota During Pregnancy: A Primer for Nurses
Authors: Chung Seon-Yoon , Ravel Jacques , Regan Mary
Published: February 2018

Emerging evidence about the human microbiome, a collective term for all the microorganisms living in and on the human body, consistently demonstrates the critical influence it has on host physiology and disease risk. The microbiota in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract has the most significant and far-reaching effect on human physiology. The maternal GI microbiota can decrease the risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes by modulating energy extraction, glucose metabolism, vitamin production, and host immunity essential for optimal maternal and neonatal health. Moreover, the maternal GI microbiota is thought to influence colonization of the fetus and neonate that may predispose them to different health trajectories. This article provides a basic understanding about the influence of the structure of the maternal GI microbiota, the fundamental role it plays during pregnancy, and the factors that influence the structure, and subsequently function, of the GI microbiota in the general and pregnant population. While only a small number of studies have examined this topic during pregnancy, the preponderance of the evidence supports the need to clarify baseline structure and function of GI microbiota and its associations with pregnancy outcomes. In addition, the results from the studies conducted in the general population can be extrapolated to pregnancy in many cases. This knowledge is essential for clinicians who need to understand the implications of the microbiota for disease and wellness in order to address the care factors that may adversely influence the GI microbiota during pregnancy.
Somatic IL4R mutations in primary mediastinal large B-cell lymphoma lead to constitutive JAK-STAT signaling activation
Authors: Viganò Elena , Gunawardana Jay , Mottok Anja , Van Tol Tessa , Mak Katina , Chan Fong Chun , Chong Lauren , Chavez Elizabeth , Woolcock Bruce , Takata Katsuyoshi , Twa David , Shulha Hennady P. , Telenius Adèle , Kutovaya Olga , Hung Stacy S. , Healy Shannon , Ben-Neriah Susana , Leroy Karen , Gaulard Philippe , Diepstra Arjan , Kridel Robert , Savage Kerry J. , Rimsza Lisa , Gascoyne Randy , Steidl Christian
Published: February 2018

Key Points

Somatic IL4R mutations were identified in 24% of primary PMBCL cases (n = 62) and in 100% of PMBCL-derived cell lines. IL4R mutations lead to hyperphosphorylation of STAT proteins activating downstream immunoregulatory genes (CD23, CCL17).
Correlation analysis of monocyte subsets and insulin resistance considering fetuin‐A involvement in patients with type 2 diabetes
Authors: Maruo Saori , Mori Katsuhito , Motoyama Koka , Nakamura Miyuki , Kawarabayashi Reina , Kakutani Yoshinori , Yamazaki Yuko , Morioka Tomoaki , Shoji Tetsuo , Inaba Masaaki , Emoto Masanori
Published: February 2018

Background

Fetuin‐A is a multifunctional circulating glycoprotein that can induce insulin resistance. Lately, adipose tissue has gained prominence as an effector site of fetuin‐A. Although fetuin‐A—induced proinflammatory polarization and migration of macrophages plays a crucial role, it remains obscure whether monocyte subsets in circulation could simulate characteristics of macrophages in adipose tissues. This study aims to investigate the correlation between monocyte subsets with fetuin‐A and its relevant insulin resistance.

Results

We evaluated serum fetuin‐A levels in 107 patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D). Using flow cytometry, we classified monocyte subsets into three subtypes: (a) classical, CD14++CD16−; (b) intermediate, CD14++CD16+, the most proinflammatory one; (c) and nonclassical, CD14+CD16++. We assessed the insulin resistance by the homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA‐IR) in 68 patients without insulin injections. We observed no correlation between fetuin‐A levels and classical (ρ = − 0.005; P = 0.959), intermediate (ρ = 0.022; P = 0.826), and nonclassical monocyte counts (ρ = 0.063; P = 0.516), respectively. In addition, no significant correlation was found between log (HOMA‐IR) and classical (ρ = 0.052; P = 0.688), intermediate (ρ = 0.054; P = 0.676), and nonclassical monocyte counts (ρ = 0.012; P = 0.353), respectively. However, serum fetuin‐A levels showed positive correlation with log (HOMA‐IR) (ρ = 0.340; P = 0.007). Multiple regression analyses revealed a significant relationship between fetuin‐A and log (HOMA‐IR) (β = 0.313; P = 0.016), but not with monocyte subsets.

Conclusions

Monocyte subsets in circulation, including proinflammatory intermediate monocytes, were not associated with fetuin‐A and insulin resistance.
Characterization of a novel RP2–OSTF1 interaction and its implication for actin remodelling
Authors: Lyraki Rodanthi , Lokaj Mandy , Soares Dinesh C. , Little Abigail , Vermeren Matthieu , Marsh Joseph A. , Wittinghofer Alfred , Hurd Toby
Published: February 2018

Retinitis pigmentosa 2 (RP2) is the causative gene for a form of X-linked retinal degeneration. RP2 was previously shown to have GTPase-activating protein (GAP) activity towards the small GTPase ARL3 via its N-terminus, but the function of the C-terminus remains elusive. Here, we report a novel interaction between RP2 and osteoclast-stimulating factor 1 (OSTF1), an intracellular protein that indirectly enhances osteoclast formation and activity and is a negative regulator of cell motility. Moreover, this interaction is abolished by a human pathogenic mutation in RP2. We utilized a structure-based approach to pinpoint the binding interface to a strictly conserved cluster of residues on the surface of RP2 that spans both the C- and N-terminal domains of the protein, and which is structurally distinct from the ARL3-binding site. In addition, we show that RP2 is a positive regulator of cell motility in vitro, recruiting OSTF1 to the cell membrane and preventing its interaction with the migration regulator Myo1E.
Proton Relaxation Time in Water-soluble Metal Complex Nanoparticles
Authors: Tsukiashi Asami , Min Kil Sik , Terasawa Hiroaki , Yoshinaga Sosuke , Takeda Mitsuhiro , Ohtani Ryo , Nakamura Masaaki , Lindoy Leonard F , Hayami Shinya
Published: February 2018

Water dispersible metal complex nanoparticles were synthesized using the polyethylene glycol (PEG) coating method. The χmT values at room temperature for the NPs 1–3 were calculated using the Evans method, and the proton relaxation times, T1 and T2, were measured employing MRI. Both relaxation times were observed to decrease with increasing χmT value.
Blueprint for change in AF: the Scottish national inquiry
Authors: Neubeck Lis , Barclay Kylie , Dunn Morven , Oliver Colin , Armitage Wendy , Hodson Paul , Bruce James , Grubb Neil , Quinn Terence J.
Published: February 2018

Background:

Understanding atrial fibrillation (AF) management in Scotland was identified as a key priority at the Cross Party Group (CPG) for Heart Disease and Stroke, which meets regularly at the Scottish Parliament. Therefore, a national inquiry was launched to provide clear recommendations to government to improve health for people living with AF.

Methods:

An advisory panel was convened comprising major third-sector representatives, academics, clinicians, Members of Scottish Parliament (MSPs), and people living with AF. Two questionnaires—one for clinicians, one for people living with AF—were circulated through multiple channels and four roundtable events were held.

Results:

In total, there were 262 responses to the questionnaires (n=203 clinician; n=59 people living with AF); and roundtables were attended by 35 people, including members of the advisory panel, MSPs, clinicians, academics and people living with AF. Ten key recommendations emerged relating to the detection and diagnosis of AF; initial treatment and subsequent management of AF; use of data to improve detection, diagnosis and treatment of AF in Scotland; and patient information and public awareness.

Conclusions:

It is hoped that the results of the inquiry discussed in the current article will provide the blueprint for change that will improve AF management across Scotland.
Nursing considerations of physical activity in AF
Authors: Ting Fang Feng
Published: February 2018

Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the commonest type of heart arrhythmia and is most frequently observed in older people who have associated risk factors such as hypertension, structural heart disease, pulmonary disease, hyperthyroidism, diabetes, obstructive sleep apnoea or stroke. Sympathetic hyperactivity is a main factor in the aggravation of arrhythmia. Physical activity can increase an individual's wellbeing and promoted cardiovascular health. However, several case-control studies have reported that endurance, high-intensity physical activity increases the risk of AF in young and middle-aged men. The evidence though is neither robust nor consistent. Both long-term vigorous physical activity and a lack of physical activity have been associated with an increased risk of developing AF. With regard to nursing considerations and providing individualised advice for patients with AF in terms of physical activity, arrhythmia nurses should use the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) and European Society of Cardiology (ESC) guidelines as their basis for recommendations. The ESC guidelines recommend patient-centred care and shared decision-making in managing AF. When giving advice regarding physical activity, it is important to consider its positive effects on preventing multiple medical conditions. Patients with AF should always be encouraged to engage in moderate levels of physical activity.
HAEMATOGENOUS OSTEITIS IN CHILDREN
Authors: Dennison Wallace M.
Published: February 2018

1. Acute osteitis as seen in a large children's hospital is described briefly.

2. Treatment of a series of cases of acute osteitis with penicillin is discussed under the headings of investigation, penicillin administration, surgical procedure, radiographic appearance and results. The findings are tabulated.

3. Recent investigations suggest that no time limit can be set to the duration of penicillin administration. At present, routine marrow puncture appears to be the only certain method of control. We see no reason to alter the dosage set out in Table III. Administration should be continued until the marrow culture is sterile.

4. The methods adopted in subacute and chronic pyogenic bone infections are described separately.
PARAPLEGIA IN CERVICAL SPINE INJURIES
Authors: Barnes Roland
Published: February 2018

Twenty-two cases of paraplegia complicating injury of the cervical column have been reviewed. The vertebral injury may be due to flexion or hyperextension violence. Flexion injuryâThere are three types of flexion injury: 1) dislocation; 2) compression fracture of a vertebral body; 3) acute retropulsion of an intervertebral disc. Evidence is presented in support of the view that disc protrusion is the cause of the cord lesion when there is no radiographic evidence of bone injury, and in some cases at least when there is a compression fracture. Treatment is discussed and the indications for caliper traction and laminectomy are presented.

Hyperextension injurvâThere are two types of hyperextension injury: 1) dislocation; 2) injury to arthritic spines. Hyperextension injury of an arthritic spine is the usual cause of paraplegia in patients over fifty years of age. The mechanism of hyperextension injury is described. The possible causes of spinal cord injury, and its treatment, are discussed.
THE CLINICAL DIAGNOSIS OF FAT EMBOLISM
Authors: Newman P. H.
Published: February 2018

1. Fat embolism occurs in a high percentage of all cases of injury and it is a relatively frequent complication of fractures of the long bones in civilian accidents as well as battle casualties.

2. The diagnosis can usually be established by the clinical features together with certain physical signs which must however be sought deliberately.

3. Important clinical features are the mental disturbance, alternation of coma with full consciousness, petechial haemorrhages in the conjunctiva and skin, and typical changes in the retina.

4. Evidence is still conflicting as to whether the fat arises by embolism from an injured bone, or by general metabolic disturbance.

5. The fat is harmful not so much by reason of mechanical obstruction of vessels as by erosion and rupture of the vessel wall clue to the liberation of fatty acids.

6. Preventive treatment appears to be of some value but no satisfactory specific treatment is yet available for the established case.

7. Ligation of the profunda vein has been tried in two patients, one of whom recovered and the other died.