bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Scientific Tourism Leveraging Resilience: An Initiative on Providence and Ketlina Islands, Colombia
Authors: Ramírez Daniel Calderón , Gardella Narcís Bassols , Castellanos López Juan Esteban , Garavito González Leonardo
Published: January 2025

This case study is a report which sums up a recent initiative on nature conservation and tourism. It discusses a low degree of resilience observed on Providence and Ketlina Islands (Colombian Caribbean) in the aftermath of COVID-19 and the devastating hurricanes which have hit them in past years. The impact of COVID-19 and recent meteorological events have revealed a low degree of community resilience because of a lack of solid infrastructures and low community cohesion. Consequently, proposals have emerged for community-led tourism, including a bottom-up initiative for scientific tourism which is outlined in this case study. The project will train and empower the community, who ultimately are the guardians of the destination. In this context, the project revolves around reinforcing the conservation of endangered species such as local sea turtles. More visitor involvement is also proposed, as tourists are encouraged to become guardians of the destination and its natural environment. With a more focused strategy on tourism fostering social cohesion and generating higher revenue, the islands’ resilience is expected to improve in the future.

Information

© The Authors 2025
Diverse microtubule-binding repeats regulate TPX2 activities at distinct locations within the spindle
Authors: Liang Zhuobi , Huang Junjie , Wang Yong , Hua Shasha , Jiang Kai
Published: January 2025

TPX2 is an elongated molecule containing multiple α-helical repeats. It stabilizes microtubules (MTs), promotes MT nucleation, and is essential for spindle assembly. However, the molecular basis of how TPX2 performs these functions remains elusive. Here, we systematically characterized the MT-binding activities of all TPX2 modules individually and in combinations and investigated their respective contributions both in vitro and in cells. We show that TPX2 contains α-helical repeats with opposite preferences for “extended” and “compacted” tubulin dimer spacing, and their distinct combinations produce divergent outcomes, making TPX2 activity highly robust yet tunable. Importantly, a repeat group at the C terminus, R8-9, is the key determinant of the TPX2 function. It stabilizes MTs by promoting rescues in vitro and is critical in spindle assembly. We propose a model where TPX2 activities are spatially regulated via its diverse MT-binding repeats to accommodate its varied functions in distinct locations within the spindle. Furthermore, we reveal a synergy between TPX2 and HURP in stabilizing spindle MTs.
Pushing limits: probing new gravity using a satellite constellation
Authors: Toth Viktor T
Published: January 2025

Building upon earlier work, we explore the limits of using a configuration of satellites to measure the trace of the gravitational gradient tensor using intersatellite laser ranging and timing observables without relying on high-precision external observables such as deep space radio navigation or astrometry with unrealistic accuracy. A refined model, calculated with extended numerical precision, confirms that exceptional sensitivity is possible, placing within reach observational tests of certain modified gravity theories (e.g. Yukawa terms, Galileons) using heliocentric orbits in the vicinity of the Earth. The sensitivity of the experiment improves at larger heliocentric distances. A constellation placed at 30 astronomical units, still well within the domain of feasibility using available propulsion and deep space communication technologies, may approach sensitivities that are sufficient to detect not just the gravitational contribution of the interplanetary medium but perhaps even cosmological dark matter and dark energy constituents.
An analytic model for climate and climate change suitable for advanced physics education
Authors: Embacher Franz
Published: January 2025

A simple analytic model for climate and climate change suitable for physics education in upper secondary and tertiary education is presented. It falls into the class of zero-dimensional energy balance models, comprises five independent variables and uses mathematical techniques only at a moderate level. It allows for the definition and discussion of key concepts of climate science such as radiative forcing, climate sensitivity and feedback factors, including an elementary feedback analysis for the four most important fast climate feedbacks. To round off the text, it is briefly shown how the model can be coupled to the ocean as a heat reservoir, providing a rough estimate for the characteristic time scales of climate change. The analysis is formulated rigorously in terms of the model variables.
Norms in sinogram space and stability estimates for the Radon transform
Authors: Kindermann Stefan , Hubmer Simon
Published: January 2025

We consider different norms for the Radon transform Rf of a function f and investigate under which conditions they can be estimated from above or below by some standard norms for f. We define Fourier-based norms for Rf which can be related to Bessel-potential space norms for f. Furthermore, we define a variant of a total-variation norm for Rf and provide conditions under which it is equivalent to the total-variation norm of f. To illustrate potential applications of these results, we propose a novel nonlinear backprojection method for inverting the Radon transform and present numerical results on simulated and experimental data.
The effects of surface kink nucleation on the dislocation mobility for bcc metals: a kinetic Monte Carlo study
Authors: Tang Xiaochuan , Brumblay Hunter K , Thompson Gregory B , Weinberger Christopher R
Published: January 2025

Dislocation plasticity in bcc metals at low temperatures and stresses is well known to be controlled by screw dislocation mobility. Screw dislocations move by the nucleation of kink-pairs on the dislocation line and is a relatively well studied phenomenon. However, how screw dislocation mobility is influenced by interfaces and surfaces has not been well-studied. To provide insight into the role interfaces play in screw dislocation mobility, this study proposes an empirical model to treat a grain boundary as a dislocation source, which is then implemented into kinetic Monte Carlo simulations for body-centered-cubic (bcc) metals. This effort focuses on the roles of kink nucleation and migration processes at the interface, comparing the energetics of these events on interfaces versus those on the interior of the dislocation line. The findings reveal that interfaces can either enhance dislocation motion or not affect it at all, depending on temperature, stress, and dislocation length. This work provides insights into the mesoscale behavior of bcc metals and bridges the gap between experimental observations and computational models at small scales.
Finite time mixing and enhanced dissipation for 2D Navier-Stokes equations by Ornstein–Uhlenbeck flow
Authors: Liu Chang , Luo Dejun
Published: January 2025

We consider the vorticity form of 2D Navier–Stokes equations perturbed by an Ornstein–Uhlenbeck flow of transport type. Contrary to previous works where the random perturbation was interpreted as Stratonovich transport noise, here we understand the equation in a pathwise manner and show the properties of mixing and enhanced dissipation for suitable choice of the flow.
GENE simulations of GAM-turbulence interactions in FT-2 tokamak
Authors: Albert F , Kiviniemi T P , Chôné L , Janhunen S , Leerink S , Hirvijoki E , Iorio R N
Published: January 2025

In an experiment conducted in the FT-2 tokamak, intermittencies in the GAM (Geodesic Acoustic Mode) and turbulence intensities were observed over a 13 ms time interval. Notably, the changes in the density and temperature profiles were insignificant. Two reflectometers recorded a 21

%

suppression in turbulence fluctuations in the radial region x/a = 0.4 to 0.8 during the GAM period. To gain a deeper understanding of the mechanisms behind the energy transfer between GAMs and turbulence, several local linear simulations and one global linear and nonlinear simulation were performed using the gyrokinetic code GENE. The global simulations covered the radial range x/a from 0.2 to 0.9. Linear simulations were conducted to identify the dominant instability and its growth rate at various radial locations between x/a = 0.3 and 0.8. The nonlinear simulation results were analyzed to elucidate the interplay between GAMs and turbulence within the FT-2 tokamak. The global nonlinear simulation revealed intermittencies in the GAM activity around the rational surface at x/a = 0.54 with a safety factor q = 3. The nonlinear coupling between GAMs and turbulence was investigated by calculating the cross-bicoherence and Reynolds force at x/a = 0.54. The temporal behavior of these quantities was compared with the observed intermittency.
Scale effects in BEOL compatible ferroelectric field-effect transistor memories with random phase fluctuation
Authors: Yang Yu-Xi , Li Qiang , Li Jia-Cheng , Cheng Tian-Tong , Zheng Zhi-Wei
Published: January 2025

In this study, we investigate the effects of dimensional scaling on device variation of back-end-of-line (BEOL) compatible ferroelectric field-effect transistor (FeFET) memory with amorphous oxide-semiconductor channel by considering random ferroelectric/dielectric (FE/DE) phase fluctuation. Our study based on TCAD simulation indicates that: (i) For a given FE phase, scaling gate length not only improves memory window (MW) due to the sufficient ferroelectric switching during erase, but also increases MW variation (σ
MW), which is mainly dominated by high-voltage threshold (HVT) variation induced by erase operation. (ii) For a given device size, reducing FE phase results in decreased MW with increased σ
MW. This σ
MW degradation could be suppressed at longer gate length due to the weak erase. (iii) For gate width scaling, it has negligible effect on MW but induces the σ
MW increase, which could be ascribed to the increased probability of forming DE paths with larger grain-to-channel area ratio. Therefore, although scaling BEOL FeFET device size could increase MW, the increased σ
MW due to random FE/DE phase fluctuation may also need to be considered. These findings may provide insights for future FeFET design.
Assessment of flake graphite cathode performance with dissimilar surfaces in relativistic magnetrons
Authors: Chen Tingxu , Li Tianming , Li Hao , Zhou Hao , Wang Haiyang , Wang Jiaoyin , Cheng Renjie , Hu Biao
Published: January 2025

In order to achieve better microwave output performance for relativistic magnetrons, cathode material technology for suppressing surface emission defects has been developed significantly. However, for some commonly used materials, such as graphite, the upper and lower limits of its performance in RM operation are still unclear. Therefore, in this paper, the smooth flake graphite cathode and the varying degrees of roughened one are tested in permanent magnet packaging rising-sun relativistic magnetron. Then, particle in cell simulations were performed to evaluate the results of the experiments. The results show that, under a peak voltage of ~400 kV，the peak microwave power of relativistic magnetron with smooth scaled graphite is 156 WM, while that of graphite with completely roughened surface is 335 MW. This work seeks to elucidate the performance level and improvement room of flake graphite in relativistic magnetrons. This work also facilitates relativistic magnetron cathode design and experimental analysis.
Anisotropic temperature dependence of the electronic band structure in black phosphorus
Authors: Zhao Lei , Shi Dandan , Wang Bo , Liu Yi , Sun Zhe , Dong Jingwei , Chen Zhongwei
Published: January 2025

Black phosphorus (BP) has attracted much attention because of its anisotropic layer-dependent optical and electronic structure and ultrahigh carrier mobility. Despite the importance of manipulating the optical and electronic properties of BP by temperature variation, the response of the electronic band structure to temperature and the underlying mechanism which are crucial to understand the related applications haven’t been reported yet. Herein, temperature dependence of the electronic band structure of BP has been measured by angle-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy (ARPES) and the band dispersions are quantitatively characterized. While the hole effective mass along k

x
(m

x
) decreases with temperature, that along k

y
(m

y
) increases with temperature. We argue that the electronic band dispersion along k

x
is decreased because it is dictated by the weakened interlayer and intralayer couplings, and the increase of m

y
with temperature is ascribed to the enhanced electron–phonon scattering. This work reports the anisotropic temperature dependence of the electronic band dispersion of BP and reveals the underlying mechanisms, which will expand the knowledge of electronic structure and benefit the understanding of temperature dependent phenomena in this material.
Implementation of model free fuzzy control on a novel magnetorheological elastomer-based handle for a rotary hammer
Authors: Kamath Nagaraja , Praveen Shenoy K , Susheelkumar GN , Gangadharan K V
Published: January 2025

This study presents a novel application of a Magnetorheological Elastomer-based handle (MREH) designed to improve the user’s comfort, specifically by reducing hand-arm vibrations. Various control logics were used on the MREH system attached to a rotary hammer to fully utilize the ability to adapt to various operating conditions, and each logic’s performance was evaluated. On/Off, PID, and fuzzy methods have been implemented in real-time. A case-based control logic where the frequency of the rotary hammer is given as an input to the control logic is developed to reduce the decision time as the events occur at a higher rate for on/off and fuzzy. PID gains are obtained directly from the experimental setup through PID autotuning. The performance of these logics is evaluated by performing a drilling operation on a M45 concrete block. Further, the fuzzy logic is investigated by operating at different locations on the same block. Based on the present research, fuzzy logic has demonstrated superior performance in aligning with the system by exhibiting a maximum 3 Hz increase from the natural frequency
A prediction technique based on deep learning for deformation and missing data in the context of insufficient sensor data
Authors: Yan Dongming , Li Ruihang , Xiong Weihua , Huang Xiaotong
Published: January 2025

There is some interpretability in predicting deformation based on key control points, but mispredicting the deformation of the test model can result from missing sensor data due to physical obstruction and going outside the equipment’s measuring range. In order to address the issue, we propose a CNN BiLSTM CBAM network architecture. The network has a faster convergence rate, according to experiments, and its maximum deformation prediction deviation is only 0.28 mm. In the meantime, the prediction approach uses standardization to make up for the missing control point data; this results in a corrective impact that ranges from 37.76% to 90.89%. The method proposed in this paper complements the missing sensor data while predicting the deformation in real time, which is essential for establishing an accurate dynamic prediction model and realizing comprehensive data sensing.
Thermal annealing effects on optical and dielectric properties of TiOPc thin films for optoelectronic and photonic applications
Authors: Al-Qarni Amjad M , Darwish A A A , Al-Zahrani Asmaa S , Al-Muaiqly Jalana F , Youssef Nouf K , Hamdalla Taymour A
Published: January 2025

Titanyl phthalocyanine (TiOPc) is a metal phthalocyanine compound with interesting electronic and catalytic properties, making it useful in various applications. This study investigates the effects of thermal annealing on the optical and dielectric properties of vacuum-evaporated TiOPc films. The optical and structural characteristics were examined before and after annealing. FTIR spectra show a correlation between the peak positions of the films before and after the annealing process. Additionally, the spectra of the annealed sample show a decrease in C=O and the formation of a coordination bond between the Ti dopant and the phthalocyanine molecule. X-ray diffraction shows an amorphous behavior before and after annealing for TiOPc films. The AFM images show the presence of peaks and valleys of varied sizes. This leads to enhanced light trapping and scattering, improving light absorption and optical properties of the film. Thermal annealing at 473 K for 2 h resulted in a significant reduction in the optical energy gap, with E

g1
decreasing by approximately 7% (from 1.58 eV to 1.47 eV) and E

g2
by about 6% (from 3.0 eV to 2.83 eV), which indicates the thermal stability of these films. Moreover, the real part of dielectric constants reached appreciable improvements of about 30% at low frequencies. These changes are ascribed to the decreased structural defects and enhanced molecular ordering induced by annealing. The thermal stability of TiOPc films and improvement in the performance of optoelectronic devices such as photodetectors and optical switches by applying TiOPc films can be understood from these explorations. Moreover, the simple and cost-effective vacuum evaporation and annealing fabrication enable large-scale industrial production that would be attractive for application engineers to fully utilize these films in practice.
The streaming model for the three-point correlation function and its connection to standard perturbation theory
Authors: Pugno A. , Eggemeier A. , Porciani C. , Kuruvilla J.
Published: January 2025

Redshift-space distortions (RSDs) present a significant challenge in building models for
the three-point correlation function (3PCF). We compare two possible lines of attack: the
streaming model and standard perturbation theory (SPT). The two approaches differ in their
treatment of the non-linear mapping from real to redshift space: SPT expands this mapping
perturbatively, while the streaming model retains its non-linear form but relies on simplifying
assumptions about the probability density function (PDF) of line-of-sight velocity differences
between pairs or triplets of tracers. To assess the quality of the predictions and the validity
of the assumptions of these models, we measure the monopole of the matter 3PCF and the first two
moments of the pair- and triplewise velocity PDF from a suite of N-body simulations. We also
evaluate the large-scale limit of the streaming model and determine under which conditions it
aligns to SPT. On scales larger than 10 h
-1 Mpc, we find that the streaming model
for the 3PCF monopole is dominated by the first two velocity moments, making the exact shape of
the PDF irrelevant. This model can match the accuracy of a Stage-IV galaxy survey, if the
velocity moments are measured directly from the simulations. However, replacing the measurements
with perturbative expressions to leading order generates large errors already on scales of
60–70 h
-1 Mpc. This is the primary drawback of the streaming model. On the
other hand, the SPT model for the 3PCF cannot account for the significant velocity dispersion that
is present at all scales, and consequently provides predictions with limited accuracy. We
demonstrate that this issue can be approximately addressed by isolating the large-scale limit of
the dispersion, which leads to typical Fingers-of-God damping functions. Overall, the SPT model
with a damping function provides the best compromise in terms of accuracy and computing time.
Electrical impedance tomography meets reduced order modelling: a framework for faster and more reliable electrical conductivity estimations
Authors: Walker Matthew R , Fernández-Corazza Mariano , Turovets Sergei , Beltrachini Leandro
Published: January 2025

Objective. Inclusion of individualised electrical conductivities of head tissues is crucial for the accuracy of electrical source imaging techniques based on electro/magnetoencephalography and the efficacy of transcranial electrical stimulation. Parametric electrical impedance tomography (pEIT) is a method to cheaply and non-invasively estimate them using electrode arrays on the scalp to apply currents and measure the resulting potential distribution. Conductivities are then estimated by iteratively fitting a forward model to the measurements, incurring a prohibitive computational cost that is generally lowered at the expense of accuracy. Reducing the computational cost associated with the forward solutions would improve the accessibility of this method and unlock new capabilities. Approach. We introduce reduced order modelling (ROM) to massively speed up the calculations of these solutions for arbitrary conductivity values. Main results. We demonstrate this new ROM-pEIT framework using a realistic head model with six tissue compartments, with minimal errors in both the approximated numerical solutions and conductivity estimations. We show that the computational complexity required to reach a multi-parameter estimation with a negligible relative error is reduced by more than an order of magnitude when using this framework. Furthermore, we illustrate the benefits of this new framework in a number of practical cases, including its application to real pEIT data from three subjects. Significance. Results suggest that this framework can transform the use of pEIT for seeking personalised head conductivities, making it a valuable tool for researchers and clinicians.
Design, test and performance of a PicoTDC based board
Authors: Falchieri Davide , Antonioli Pietro , Baldanza Casimiro , Cavazza Daniele , Giacalone Marco , Geminiani Sandro , Succi Jacopo , Veri Carlo
Published: January 2025

This work describes a custom electronics card named PicoTDC board developed at INFN Bologna, whose goal is to provide fast timing measurements to generic detectors. The board is able to connect to different front-end electronics using a common FMC (FPGA Mezzanine Connector) interface. The fast timing measurements are provided by 2 PicoTDC ASICs from CERN, which supply 128 channels with 3.05 ps LSB. Design choices and performance of the card are discussed. We are also designing a family of front-end cards compatible with the PicoTDC board to improve the flexibility of the board itself and ease the connection to generic detectors and their front end electronics. We then measured the timing resolution achievable with this board, which is compatible with the PicoTDC expected performances.
Magnetic materials and devices
Authors: Chaudhary Varun , Nirmala R , Huang Yulong
Published: January 2025

Magnetic materials are omnipresent in everyday life, with applications spanning a wide range of fields. This focus collection provides a comprehensive overview of recent developments in the synthesis and characterization of advanced magnetic materials, both in their bulk and low-dimensional forms. These studies aim to enhance our understanding of fundamental physical properties and identify suitable candidate materials for various device applications. We believe that this focus collection will serve not only as a valuable reference but also as a source of inspiration for further research on advanced magnetic materials.
Amorphization dependent recrystallisation of Sb2Te3
Authors: Adanan Nur Qalishah , Wredh Simon , Yang Joel K W , Simpson Robert E
Published: January 2025

Understanding state-dependent crystallisation kinetics is important for the modelling and design of phase change material (PCM)—based devices, such as multi-level switches. We show how the level of amorphousness (disorder) of antimony-telluride (Sb2Te3) can be controlled using pulsed laser heating, and that the recrystallisation temperature strongly depends on the local atomic configurations in the amorphous structure. Indeed, when Sb2Te3 is amorphized with higher laser powers, its subsequent recrystallisation temperature increases by up to 23 °C yet, and counterintuitively the recrystallisation activation energy decreases. This leads to shorter minimum recrystallisation times. This effect is important because it provides a means to switch PCM devices at higher rates through a catalyst-like effect. The optical properties of Sb2Te3 can be gradually tuned by the level of crystallographic disorder. The amorphousness of PCMs provides a further degree-of-freedom to achieve multi-level programmability and tune the switching energy of devices.
Phonon-mediated renormalization of exciton energies and absorption spectra in polar semiconductors
Authors: Schebek Maximilian , Pavone Pasquale , Draxl Claudia , Caruso Fabio
Published: January 2025

We investigate the influence of vibrational screening on the excitonic and optical properties of solids based on first-principles electronic-structure calculations. We solve the Bethe–Salpeter equation–the state-of-the-art description of excitons–by explicitly accounting for phonon-assisted screening effects in the screened Coulomb interaction. We go beyond recently studied absorption onsets and account for screening effects on all excitonic states. In the examples of the polar semiconductors ZnS, MgO, and GaN, the exciton binding energies at the absorption onset are found to be renormalized by a few tens of meV. Similar effects are also found for higher-lying unbound electron–hole pairs, leading to red–shifts of the absorption peaks by up to 50 meV. Our analysis reveals that vibrational screening is dictated by long-range Fröhlich coupling involving polar longitudinal optical phonons, whereas the remaining vibrational degrees of freedom are negligible. Overall, by elucidating the influence of phonon screening on the excitonic states and absorption spectra of these selected ionic semiconductors, this study contributes to advancing the ab initio methodology and the fundamental understanding of exciton–phonon coupling in solids.
Exploring the role of electrode density in capturing spatiotemporal dynamics of resting-state networks with EEG
Authors: Bertuzzo Matheus Mangini , Rocha Rodrigo P. , Gonçalves Ricardo Spyrides Boabaid Pimentel , Dos Santos Adair Roberto Soares , Gasparotto Odival Cezar
Published: January 2025

This study investigates the role of electrode density in capturing resting-state brain activity, an area of significant clinical relevance, where electroencephalography (EEG) is favored for its cost-efficiency. We analyze how different electrode configurations affect the precision of cortical current density estimation in EEG recordings. Using exact Low-Resolution Electromagnetic Tomography (eLORETA), we estimated the cortical current density in regions of interest linked to Resting State Networks (RSN). Point process analysis was employed to identify regions of high activity over time, revealing dynamic brain salient activity patterns, or brain maps. We evaluated the impact of electrode density by comparing 64-channel and 20-channel configurations and found that both configurations yielded similar and consistent brain maps. To confirm the robustness of our approach, we assessed the Berger effect in eyes-closed (EC) versus eyes-open (EO) conditions, observing that the functional differences between EC and EO states remained stable regardless of electrode density, aligning with previous research. Conversely, randomization of data or the use of non-homogeneous electrode configurations disrupted the resulting patterns, highlighting the physiological relevance of our methodology. Overall, our results demonstrate that this approach reliably captures the spatiotemporal dynamics of brain activity, even with fewer electrodes, and holds promise for broader clinical applications.
The influence of surface properties on colour centres in diamond
Authors: Sadzak Anja , Krueger Anke
Published: January 2025

Colour centres in diamonds have attracted considerable interest for quantum sensing applications. Boasting great photostability, long coherence times at room temperature and unique electronic properties that allow for optical initialization and readout of their quantum state, colour centres have found use in a variety of techniques for thermometry, magnetometry and nanoscale spectroscopy. Coupled with the possibility of preparing nanoparticles, their excellent biocompatibility and versatile surface chemistry that allows for functionalization and fine-tuning of surface properties, diamonds hosting colour centres have proven to be a versatile and flexible platform for measurements of local properties in a wide range of biological and biochemical systems. In this perspective, we summarize the key properties of the colour centres in diamonds and how different surface chemistry impacts their electronic properties. Finally, we discuss the crucial role of surface chemistry in various sensing applications and highlight the potential of diamond materials to address current challenges in quantum science and technology.
Notes for Oboists
Authors: Lewis Nora Anderson
Published: January 2025

Notes for Oboists: A Guide to the Repertoire offers important historical and analytical information about thirty-five of the best-known pieces composed for the instrument. Numerous contextual and theoretical insights make it an essential resource for professional, amateur, and student oboists. With engaging prose supported by fact-filled analytical charts, the book offers rich biographical information and informative analyses to help oboists gain a more complete understanding of works including Alessandro Marcello’s Concerto in D Minor, Robert Schumann’s Three Romances Op. 94, Francis Poulenc’s Sonata for Oboe and Piano, Isang Yun’s Piri for Oboe Solo, and Reena Esmail’s Jhula Jhule for Oboe and Piano, and thirty other masterpieces. This comprehensive guide to key works from the oboe repertoire from the eighteenth through the twenty-first century includes sonatas, concertos, chamber music, and works for solo oboe by a wide range of composers, including Georg Philipp Telemann, Richard Strauss, William Grant Still, Luciano Berio, and Alyssa Morris. The chapter offers clear structural analyses of these compositions and situates them in their historical contexts as she highlights interesting biographical information for each composer and explores the circumstances of the development and performance of each work. By connecting performance studies with scholarship, this indispensable handbook for students and professionals allows readers to gain a more complete picture of each work and encourages them to approach other compositions in a similarly analytical manner.
Alessandro Marcello, Oboe Concerto in D Minor, S D935 (c. 1716)
Authors: Lewis Nora Anderson
Published: January 2025

This chapter offers historical context and musical analysis of Alessandro Marcello’s Oboe Concerto in D Minor. Marcello, a versatile figure in eighteenth-century Venice, made significant contributions to several disciplines, including poetry and government. This chapter explores Marcello’s background, offering cultural context, and discusses the rhetorical nature of music in the Baroque era, emphasizing the communication between the composer, performer, and audience. The commentary extends to J.S. Bach’s harpsichord transcription of Marcello’s concerto and the various editions that emerged, to highlight the importance of treating Marcello’s original composition as the true form of the text. The analysis focuses on the structure and affective qualities of each movement, including the ritornello format of the first movement, the harmonic intricacies of the second movement, and the sprightly character of the third movement. Contemporaneous key associations with D minor regarded as a serious and devout key are also considered.
George Frideric Handel, Sonata in C Minor, Op. 1, No. 8, HWV 366 (1711–1712)
Authors: Lewis Nora Anderson
Published: January 2025

This chapter explores the life and music of George Frideric Handel, with a focus on his Sonata Op. 1, No. 8. Handel, born in 1685, grew up in a middle-class family in Halle, Germany, and showed exceptional musical ability from a young age. He received patronage and support from influential figures, which led him to Italy, where he gained further recognition and composed numerous works. Handel’s oboe sonatas, including Op. 1, No. 8, offer serious and expressive movements. From the lyrical Largo to the imitative Allegro and expressive Adagio, the work culminates with a lively Bourée angloise combining elements from both camera and chiesa formats. Handel’s ability to evoke emotional states through instrumental music and his entrepreneurial approach to composition are highlighted as well. Despite the perception that Handel focused more on vocal music, his chamber works, including his oboe sonatas, showcase Handel’s compositional mastery.
Henri Dutilleux, Sonata for Oboe and Piano (1947)
Authors: Lewis Nora Anderson
Published: January 2025

This chapter examines the artistic journey and stylistic evolution of French composer Henri Dutilleux, focusing specifically on his Sonata for Oboe and Piano (1947). Dutilleux’s musical development was influenced by his familial artistic heritage, early exposure to chamber music, and formal education at the Paris Conservatory. His eclectic musical language reflects his fascination with both traditional and modern elements, leading to compositions marked by alternating simplicity and complex structures. The Sonata for Oboe and Piano, initially composed as a test piece, exemplifies Dutilleux’s unique blend of tonality, modality, and octatonic scales. Despite his own disapproval of his early works, these compositions—particularly the Oboe Sonata—have been regarded as crucial to Dutilleux’s musical development. The Sonata’s innovative use of form, cyclicity, and polytonality illuminate his approach to composition, blending traditional techniques with an innovative approach to color, structural variety, and harmonic complexity.
Madeleine Dring, Three Piece Suite for Oboe and Piano, trans. Roger Lord (1984)
Authors: Lewis Nora Anderson
Published: January 2025

Madeleine Dring (1923–1977) was a British composer known for her lyrical and dramatic works. Born into a musical family, her innate talent was evident at an early age, and she attended the Royal College of Music. Her compositions for piano, voice, and notably, for her husband, oboist Roger Lord, solidified her place in twentieth-century British music. As a dedicated performer, Dring’s works offer profound reflections of her life, radiating with her creativity, wit, and spiritual depth. After her death, her composition, Three Piece Suite for Oboe and Piano (1984), was transcribed by Lord from the original work for harmonica. Organized in a fast-slow-fast format, each movement exhibits thematically driven structures and evocative moods. The suite’s distinctive fusion of theatrical brilliance, lyricism, and chromatic innovation stands as a testament to Dring’s creative genius and her unique contribution to the music of her era.
Luciano Berio, Sequenza VII for Oboe (1969)
Authors: Lewis Nora Anderson
Published: January 2025

This chapter offers historical context and musical analysis of Luciano Berio’s Sequenza VII (1969). Born in Italy during the interwar period, Berio was a key figure in the midcentury European avant-garde, developing his compositional voice amid the significant cultural shifts and technological advancements of the time. Discussion includes Berio’s formative influences, encompassing his familial musical background and his exposure to diverse styles during his studies at the Milan Conservatory and the Darmstadt Summer School. Sequenza VII for oboe emerges from Berio’s belief in the transformative power of art, underpinned by the notion of musical hybridity. Strongly tied to the virtuosity of Heinz Holliger, this piece is notable for its transformational unfolding of a registrally fixed harmonic field, extended techniques, spatial notation, and use of a drone pitch, B1, throughout. Analysis of this work reveals Berio’s innovative use of chromatic saturation, temporal pacing, and motivic structuring.
Ronald Roseman, Partita for Solo Oboe (1997)
Authors: Lewis Nora Anderson
Published: January 2025

This chapter offers musical analysis and historical context for Ronald Roseman’s Partita for Solo Oboe (1997). Born into a culturally vibrant environment in Brooklyn, New York, in 1933, Ronald Roseman became an influential oboist and composer with a passion for Baroque and contemporary music. This chapter contextualizes Roseman’s musical contributions within his broader career as a performer, composer, recording artist, and pedagogue at Yale, Juilliard, Stony Brook, and the Aaron Copland School of Music at Queens College. His performance experience intimately informed his compositional style and process, and his Partita for Solo Oboe, inspired by J.S. Bach’s Partita in A Minor, reflects this synergistic relationship. All of his pieces were written for specific individuals and demonstrate his love of collaboration. This chapter offers an analysis of Roseman’s Partita, examining the eclectic mix of Baroque, blues, and jazz influences, as well as unbridled virtuosity and the expressive capacity of the oboe.
Reena Esmail, Jhula Jhule (2013)
Authors: Lewis Nora Anderson
Published: January 2025

This chapter offers historical context and analysis of Reena Esmail’s Jhula Jhule (2013), a work that intricately combines Indian folk music and Western classical music. As a first-generation Indian American composer, Esmail’s compositions often explore and express her dual cultural identity. She received her training in Western classical music at prestigious institutions such as the Juilliard School and Yale University. However, feeling a cultural disconnect, Esmail sought to incorporate her Indian heritage into her music. This led to a year-long study of Hindustani music in India as a Fulbright Scholar under the guidance of sitarist Gaurav Mazumdar. In Jhula Jhule, Esmail skillfully interweaves two Indian folk songs from her familial heritage, creating a poignant musical tapestry. The analysis shows how Esmail employs Western musical concepts while honoring traditional Indian musical techniques and principles. This examination highlights Esmail’s unique contribution to contemporary music through her innovative approach to transcultural composition.
Body Contouring Finesse: Dynamic Definition Liposculpture and Bipolar Radiofrequency Microneedling
Authors: Hoyos Alfredo E , Perez Pachon Mauricio E , Vranis Neil M
Published: January 2025

Dynamic definition liposculpture (HD2) is considered a highly sought after procedure in body sculpting surgery by patients. Radiofrequency microneedling is a cutting edge technology with evidence-based outcomes demonstrating skin tightening and retraction. These ancillary procedures complement and enhance the results of dynamic definition liposculpture. A retrospective review of patient records from 2022 to 2024 was conducted. All patients who underwent high definition (HD) or HD2 in combination with fractional radiofrequency microneedling treatments by the senior author (A.E.H.) were included. Data collected included patient demographics, areas treated, and any complications. A total of 86 patients were included: 16 in 2022, 62 in 2023, and 8 in 2024. The most frequently treated area was the abdomen, followed by the back, face, neck, thighs, and arms. The average age of patients was 40.0 years in 2022, 40.8 years in 2023, and 44.4 years in 2024. The average BMI was 23.9 kg/m2 in 2022, 24.3 kg/m2 in 2023, and 25.2 kg/m2 in 2024. Minimal complications were observed, with some patients requiring further interventions such as scar correction and nevus resection. Avoiding superficial liposuction by relying on radiofrequency microneedling to target the adipose tissue directly beneath the dermis decreases the risk for iatrogenic (cannula related) superficial contour irregularities and makes the overall operation safer and more reliable.
Percutaneous cryoablation therapy for abdominal wall endometriosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Kaça do Carmo Letícia Helena , Brito Ceolin de Faria Stephanie , da Cruz Fagundes Marília , Costa de Oliveira Lima Laura , Verdan Moreira Sarah , Strieder de Oliveira Guilherme , Vidal Leão Renata , Mendes Junqueira de Barros Emanuela , Mariussi Miriana , Moretti Monsignore Lucas , Giansante Abud Daniel
Published: January 2025

Objectives

Abdominal wall endometriosis (AWE) consists of endometrial tissue between the peritoneum and the abdominal wall. The established treatment involves amenorrheic drugs—not always successful and tolerated—or invasive surgery. In this scenario, minimally invasive techniques such as cryoablation are a potential option. In this study, we primarily aimed to evaluate the efficacy of percutaneous cryoablation in reducing pain scores of AWE patients and analyze their satisfaction with the procedure and its related adverse events.

Materials and Methods

MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Cochrane’s databases were systematically searched for studies that employed percutaneous cryoablation therapy for AWE and reported any of the outcomes of interest. The primary outcome was the reduction in the visual analog scale (VAS) score after treatment. R Software was used for the statistical analysis. Heterogeneity was assessed using I2 statistics. The Risk Of Bias In Non-Randomized Studies—of Interventions framework assessed potential bias in each selected study.

Results

We included 4 studies, containing 126 patients. All articles were retrospective studies. The difference between the VAS scores before and after treatment was on average 5.97 points (95% CI 5.42-6.52; P <.01; I2 = 0%). The pooled satisfaction rate among patients in the selected studies was 93.1% (95% CI 88.66-97.34; P = .51; I2 = 0%). The pooled prevalence of adverse events was only 5.48% (95% CI 1.71-11.20; P = .58; I2 = 0%). Bias analysis showed an overall moderate risk in all included articles.

Conclusion

Our study demonstrated that cryoablation could reduce pain complaints in patients, while presenting a low incidence rate of adverse effects. Randomized clinical trials with a larger number of patients are necessary for greater conclusions.

Advances in knowledge

(1) AWE affects about 3.5% of women. The standard treatment is invasive surgery. (2) This meta-analysis demonstrated that cryoablation can effectively reduce pain scores while presenting a low rate of adverse effects. (3) Cryoablation is a feasible treatment for AWE, furthermore allowing shorter hospital stays and few complications for the patients.
Prognostic relevance of CT-defined body composition in patients with acute bleeding undergoing endovascular embolization
Authors: Riegelbauer Simon , Mehdorn Matthias , Struck Manuel Florian , Tautenhahn Hans-Michael , Scheuermann Uwe , Ebel Sebastian , Denecke Timm , Meyer Hans-Jonas
Published: January 2025

Objectives

Body composition assessment includes the parameter skeletal muscle mass, subcutaneous and visceral adipose tissue (SAT and VAT). The purpose of this study was to elucidate associations of body composition parameters with mortality in patients with acute bleeding undergoing transarterial embolization (TAE).

Methods

A mixed cohort of patients from 2018 to 2022 with acute bleeding requiring treatment with a TAE was retrospectively evaluated. In every case, the triphasic CT to diagnose the source of bleeding was used to calculate the body composition parameters.

Results

A total of 251 patients (93 female, 37.1%) with a mean age of 65.5 ± 14.3 years, 30-d mortality of 40.2%, and 24-h mortality of 7.6% were included in the analysis. In the Cox regression analysis, no statistically significant correlations were found between the body composition parameters and 24-h or 30-day mortality. In the subgroup analysis of patients aged older than 65 years, skeletal muscle index was associated with short-term 24-h mortality HR of 0.95 (95% CI 0.90; 0.99, P = .035).

Conclusions

The present study demonstrated the prognostic impact of clinical, laboratory, aniography-related, and CT-defined body composition in patients with acute haemorrhage undergoing endovascular therapy. Although the overall effect of CT-defined body composition appears to be small, skeletal muscle index was a prognostic factor in the age group over 65 years.

Advances in knowledge

This is a large single-centre study to investigate the prognostic relevance of CT-defined body composition in patients undergoing TAE. The effect is overall small but might be further investigated in older patients in further trials.
Integrative taxonomic study of Coccoloba gracilis (Polygonaceae) and C. ruiziana from Amotape–Huancabamba neotropical biodiversity hotspot
Authors: Arnelas Itziar , Pérez-Collazos Ernesto , Armijos-Barros Jorge Luís , Fernanda Moreno-Aguilar María , Cueva-Agila Augusta , Ortiz-Díaz Juan Javier , Cornejo Xavier , Invernón Vanessa R
Published: January 2025

Accurate species delimitation is necessary to estimate species diversity. However, species delimitation remains challenging in the poorly studied Coccoloba genus in the northern Andes. Coccoloba gracilis and C. ruiziana are endemic related species inhabiting dry seasonal tropical forest of the Amotape–Huancabamba zone in Ecuador and Peru. The identity of C. ruiziana is widely recognized. However, some information about C. gracilis is missing and its identity has not been thoroughly checked by previous authors. We used morphological, phylogenetic, and ecological data in a robust methodological approach to investigate species boundaries. We studied 251 specimens from 17 herbaria, representing the entire distribution range of this species. Morphometric analysis suggested significant differentiation of multiple traits. Our phylogeny recovered Coccoloba gracilis related to C. ruiziana but with low statistical support. The results of ecological niche models showed a low levels of niche overlap between them. Our results support the recognition of two distinct species. Coccoloba gracilis Kunth emend. Arnelas mut. char., distributed in semi-deciduous, montane low forest and first rediscovered in Ecuador, and C. ruiziana, distributed at lower altitudes in lowland, dry seasonal tropical forest. Descriptions, photographs, and nomenclature notes are provided. One second-step lectotypification and one epitype for C. gracilis are provided.
Haemodynamic management of septic shock
Authors: Kotani Yuki , Ryan Nicholas , Udy Andrew A , Fujii Tomoko
Published: January 2025

Septic shock is a significant challenge in the management of patients with burns and traumatic injuries when complicated by infection, necessitating prompt and effective haemodynamic support. This review provides a comprehensive overview of current strategies for vasopressor and fluid management in septic shock, with the aim to optimize patient outcomes. With regard to vasopressor management, we elaborate on the pharmacologic profiles and clinical applications of catecholamines, vasopressin derivatives, angiotensin II, and other vasoactive agents. Noradrenaline remains central to septic shock management. The addition of vasopressin, when sequentially added to noradrenaline, offers a non-catecholaminergic vasoactive effect with some clinical benefits and risks of adverse effects. Emerging agents such as angiotensin II and hydroxocobalamin are highlighted for their roles in catecholamine-resistant vasodilatory shock. Next, for fluid management, crystalloids are currently preferred for initial resuscitation, with balanced crystalloids showing benefits over saline. The application of albumin in septic shock warrants further research. High-quality evidence does not support large-volume fluid resuscitation, and an individualized strategy based on haemodynamic parameters, including lactate clearance and capillary refill time, is recommended. The existing knowledge suggests that early vasopressor initiation, particularly noradrenaline, may be critical in cases where fluid resuscitation takes inadequate effect. Management of refractory septic shock remains challenging, with novel agents like angiotensin II and methylene blue showing potential in recent studies. In conclusion, Further research is needed to optimize haemodynamic management of septic shock, particularly in developing novel vasopressor usage and fluid management approaches.