bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The reception of west European music in Belgrade between world wars: On the examples of “Muzicki glasnik” and “Muzika” magazines
Authors: Vasic Aleksandar
Published: November 2011

The very first music magazines started in Belgrade between World Wars were
?Muzicki glasnik? (issued monthly from January to December 1922) and ?Muzika?
(also issued monthly in the period January 1928 - March 1929). These
magazines used to publish music essays, researches, debates, notes, news and
other kind of articles. This paper brings an analysis of texts on West
European music in these two journals. ?Muzicki glasnik? published only few
articles on European music. Those were on bibliographical news concerning
editions on musicology in England and on French music magazines. There was a
report on the concert held in Leipzig in1922 in honour of late Arthur
Nikisch. ?Glasnik? also published an obituary to Camille Saint-Sa?ns
containing, by contemporary standards, excessively complimentary evaluation
of his music. West European music was far more present on the pages of
?Muzika? magazine. The editorial board used to publish thematic issues
dedicated to jubilees of great European composers (such as Franz Schubert,
Ludwig van Beethoven). One issue was dedicated to English music and this
magazine also wrote about Puccini. Essays on European music were translated
from foreign languages and the authors of some were coming from Yugoslavia.
?Muzika? magazine was addressing wide, educated audience, not only musicians.
Therefore the texts giving biographical and psychological portraits of
composers used to prevail over musicological analyses of their works. Serbian
music community was not highly developed thus ?Muzika? moderately used expert
terminology. Essays, as dominant forms in Serbian musicography up to 1941,
were often written in a literary manner. This is evident in ?Muzika? as well.
?Muzika? and ?Muzicki glasnik? adopted different aesthetics and ideology. The
fact that the reception of West European music in ?Glasnik? was minimal was
not only due to the insufficient number of associates. The editorial board of
?Glasnik? was more concerned with domestic music and problems of music
institutions. Besides, the editors of this magazine were of opinion that the
Serbian music should not solely look up to West European composers but even
more to the Slav and domestic music exemplars. The editors of ?Muzika? were,
however, strongly adhering to West European tradition. They thought that only
high culture and knowledge could bring the Serbian music to a serious level,
both technique and art wise. The editors of this magazine did not desire our
composers to be epigones of Western musicians, but wanted to provide domestic
musicians and readers with information on European art. In this regard,
?Muzika? used to have an enlightening mission in our country.
Parvoviral Infections in Swine
Authors: Dosen Radoslav , Gagrcin Mladen , Prodanov Jasna , Orlic Dusan
Published: November 2011

Viral infections hold an important place among factors which can cause disorders in swine reproduction. Infections with the porcine parvovirus (PPV) are present in all herds. In the past four years, 70-77% seropositive animals have been registered in herds of the industrial type. There are increasing reports about disorders in swine reproduction, both from individual breeders and mini farmers, caused by parvoviral infections. The objective of this work is to demonstrate the latest knowledge on epizootiology, pathogenesis, diagnostics, and prophylaxis of this diseases.
Genetic monitoring in contemporary swine production
Authors: Savic Mila , Jovanovic Slobodan , Trailovic Ruzica , Dimitrijevic Vladimir
Published: November 2011

The development of molecular techniques for genome studies has led to qualitative progress in the selection of domestic animals by enabling the use of genetic markers, in addition to phenotypic selection parameters in choosing an animal. Genetic montoring has a wide application in contemporary swine production. Namely, genetic control is in the basis of all procedures pertaining to the selection of parent couples. Genetic monitoring is thus used in the genetic characterization of breeds, lines (evaluation of genetic drift and calculation of genetic distance), identification of transgenic animals (gene introduction), identification and control of origin of an animal. An especially important quality of genetic monitoring is the possibility to use genetic markers in the prenatal test of an animal. The project to map swine genomes has already resulted in the identification of several genes which are significant for resistance to causes of certain diseases (F 18+ E. coli resistent), stress, as well as genes significant for economically important characteristics (RN), which are used as commercial tests in genetic monitoring of swine.
Effect of season on fertility of sows
Authors: Stancic Blagoje , Gagrcin Mladen , Kovcin Stanimir
Published: November 2011

Reduced fertility of sows during the warmer period of the year is a well-known occurrence in practical production. Namely, during summer months gilts become sexually mature later, the interval from weaning to estrus is prolonged, there is a greater number of postlactation silent estruses anestrias and ovarian cysts, the value of conception is lower, there are more irregular failed fertilizations, there is a higher degree of embryo mortality, and the litter size is smaller. This is why this occurrence presents an important zootechnological, veterinary-medical and economic problem. Most scientific research shows that this phenomenon is a consequence of the effects of an extended daily photoperiod and a higher ambient temperature. However, the degree of the individual effect of these factors has not been determined clearly, or the physiological and endocrinological mechanisms of their action. It is probably not possible completely to avoid the negative influence of seasonal factors on reduced fertility in sows during the summer period. However, it can be significantly alleviated with a regular maintenance technology, diet, hygiene and medical protection of sows. This paper presents knowledge acquired so far on the manifestation of this phenomenon, its physiological and endocrine bases, as well as possibilities for its practical resolving.
Sterility in breeding sows as a consequence of reproductive tract diseases
Authors: Dosen Radoslav , Gagrcin Mladen , Prodanov Jasna
Published: November 2011

In this paper we examined the effects of certain pathological conditions on the sterility of breeding sows. Pathomorphological investigations were performed on 185 reproductive organs. We analyzed the reasons for elimination from local records. The biggest number of sows with pathological changes on reproductive organs were in the group of barren sows, 48.68% followed by anestric sows, 30.26%, and the smallest number in sows with failed fertilizations, 21.05%. Cysts in ovaries, ovarian tubes, oviducts and ?the mesosalpinx were found in 23.77% of the examined sows. Lutein cysts were found in a significantly higher percentage in sows which fail to be fertilized than in barren or anestric animals. Small granular degeneration of the ovaries was determined in barren sows and those which cannot be fertilized, while it was not determined in anestric sows. Cysts on uterus ligaments and ovaries and on ovarian tubes and oviducts were found in significantly higher numbers in sows which fail be fertilized than in barren or anestric sows. Their presence can be connected to obstructions in the transport process of spermatozoa, eggs, and the fertilization process in sows which fail to be fertilized, especially in cases of cysts located on the very serosa of ovarian tubes which we found in these sows. We determined small granular degeneration of the ovaries in barren sows and those which fail to fertilized, but not in anestric sows. Ovarian insufficiency was mostly connected to anestric sows. Vaginitis, endometritis, periometritis and oocytis present an important factor in the occurrence of sterility primarily in sows which are barren or which fail to be fertilized.
Diagnosis and therapy of oral cavity diseases in small domestic animals
Authors: Krstic Nikola , Macanovic Mirjana , Milosavljevic Zeljko , Tepavcevic Zvezdana
Published: November 2011

In parallel with the stepped up urbanisation of modern man, there is an increasing number of house pets of different breeds and species who suffer certain biological and physiological changes because of the specific manner of breeding and upkeep. The altered conditions of their natural environment can lead to disorders in the animal genetic fund, which is why numerous diseases include cases of constitutional flaws (caries, periodontosis and related complications, cysts, abscesses, malformations of hereditary origin - hypodontia, andontia, impacted teeth, and others). The paper presents cases of the most frequent diseases of teeth and supporting tissues, as well as the optimal manner of therapy. It also points out certain limitations in practicing veterinary orthodontia aimed at avoiding situations when certain congenital or acquired anomalies are corrected but result in the animal no longer meeting the required standards for its species.
Avoiding Recolonisation in Early Childhood: Promoting Local Values as Mediators in the Spread of Globalisation
Authors: Pearson Emma
Published: November 2011

This article seeks to draw attention to ways in which culturally based values and practices can and should influence implementation of globalised approaches to early childhood education and care across diverse contexts. Recent discussions have drawn attention to complexities associated with assimilation of globalised notions across diverse cultural contexts. This article is situated within such discussions, highlighting patterns of differentiation in the spread of globalisation across aspects of policy and practice. The article's position is that wider promotion of such patterns, as processes through which local values might mediate the impact of globalisation on early childhood services, will support avoidance of global ‘recolonisation’ of policy and practice. To illustrate, the article draws on examples from Hong Kong, where wide-ranging educational reforms were implemented following withdrawal of the British colonial government in 1997. A range of mixed responses to the reforms has prompted valuable discussions around challenges associated with framing educational development around globalised ideals. These responses are taken as a basis from which to suggest that, while governments across the globe may share a commitment to key goals for early childhood, local values can and should inform approaches to achieving such goals at the level of everyday practice.
The State and Level of Involvement among Jordanian Kindergarten Parents and its Relationship to Teachers' Efforts of Outreach
Authors: Fayez Merfat , Sabah Saed A. , Rudwan Enaam Abu
Published: November 2011

This study explored both the school- and home-based involvement practices of parents of children attending kindergarten in the city of Zarqa, Jordan. The study also examined the effect of some selected parental demographic variables (i.e. socioeconomic levels and levels of education) on parent involvement and the relationship between kindergarten parental involvement practices and parents' perceptions of teachers' efforts of outreach. Data were collected from 310 kindergarten parents using a 33-item questionnaire. Results of the study revealed that kindergarten parents involve themselves in different ways and assume different roles in their children's education at home and school. In general, parents were more participatory in home than in the school. Furthermore, there were no significant effects of parents' socioeconomic levels and levels of education on their home and school involvement practices. On the other hand, the results indicated a weak but significant relationship between parents' perceptions of teachers' efforts of outreach and both their home and school-based involvement practices. Different suggestions and recommendations for enhancing the involvement of kindergarten parents were addressed and presented based on the findings of this study.
Deleuze's Pedagogies as a Theory of ‘Bildung’: Becoming-Pedagogue and the Concept of a New School
Authors: Sanders Olaf
Published: November 2011

This article argues that Deleuze and Deleuze and Guattari's later works can be read as a theory of ‘Bildung’ with Deleuze's three pedagogies as important ‘knots’. ‘Bildung’ happens in refrains. The article finally sketches the outline of an imaginary school based on Deleuzian philosophy. The discussions with local politicians regarding the founding of this school are now in progress.
‘Pedagogy of Perception’: Notes on Film-Bildung with Deleuze
Authors: Zahn Manuel
Published: November 2011

If one looks at the German educational debate on media, one can find a broad interest in film and its implicit formative ( bildenden) effects on its spectator. But despite this increased awareness of the importance of audiovisual media arrangements for individual formation ( Bildung), almost all of the theoretical perspectives on this phenomenon still argue in a ‘Kantian tradition’ with a given and autonomous subject. In this article the author suggests another, aesthetic, perspective that focuses on the complex relations between the film and its spectator, listener or ‘reader’; namely, the film experience. The research questions are: what are the pedagogical implications of film? Or is there something like a filmic ‘pedagogy of perception’ as Deleuze claims? Which kinds of perception, affection, thinking or action are offered by the film experience? Or, which individuation generates the film experience? The article also presents a short outline of the author's current research project, where I am thinking about Bildung, in reference to Gilles Deleuze, as Film-Bildung, which is a becoming concept of Bildung that draws a line of flight between an encyclopaedic and a technical conceptualisation of Bildung.
Multiple Literacies Theory: Exploring Futures
Authors: Masny Diana
Published: November 2011

This article focuses on the contributions of philosophy, art and science to education through the conceptual, theoretical, and methodological usefulness of a Deleuze–Guattarian conceptual framework that informs multiple literacies theory (MLT). Education lends itself to Deleuze's notion of connecting and creating through philosophy, art and science. How do they come together and connect in education and with MLT? Accordingly the first part focuses on some key concepts related to MLT. The second part presents MLT. The third part centres on vignettes from a two-year study involving multilingual children acquiring multiple writing systems simultaneously. The fourth part brings together possible lines of flight as rhizomatic connections in order to consider what MLT offers as a concept for educational future.
Attributes of Corporate Risk Disclosure: An International Investigation in the Manufacturing Sector
Authors: Dobler Michael , Lajili Kaouthar , Zéghal Daniel
Published: November 2011

This paper is the first multi-country investigation of comprehensive corporate risk disclosure. Based on a detailed content analysis of 160 annual reports, we analyze the attributes and the quantity of risk disclosure and its association with the level of firm risk in the U.S., Canadian, U.K., and German settings. We find a consistent pattern where risk disclosure is most prevalent in management reports, concentrates on financial risk categories, and comprises little quantitative and forward-looking disclosure across sample countries. In terms of risk disclosure quantity, U.S. firms generally dominate, followed by German firms. Cross-country variation in risk disclosure attributes can only partly be linked to domestic disclosure regulation, suggesting that risk disclosure incentives play an important role. While risk disclosure quantity appears to be positively associated with proxies of firm risk in the North American settings, we find a negative association with leverage for Germany. This coincides with a “concealing motive” implied by an insider role of banks in the German financial setting.
Gipr Is Essential for Adrenocortical Steroidogenesis; However, Corticosterone Deficiency Does Not Mediate the Favorable Metabolic Phenotype of Gipr−/− Mice
Authors: Bates Holly E. , Campbell Jonathan E. , Ussher John R. , Baggio Laurie L. , Maida Adriano , Seino Yutaka , Drucker Daniel J.
Published: November 2011

Glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) promotes glucose-dependent insulin secretion. However, GIP also enhances glucocorticoid secretion and promotes adiposity. Because obesity and diabetes are glucocorticoid dependent, we examined whether the effects of GIP on energy balance and glycemia are regulated by glucocorticoids using pharmacological activation of GIP receptor (GIPR) signaling with [d-Ala2]GIP in mice and in Y1 adrenocortical cells. Genetic elimination of GIPR activity was also studied in normal- and high-fat (HF)-fed Gipr-deficient (Gipr−/−) mice. [d-Ala2]GIP increased murine corticosterone levels in a GIPR-dependent manner. Conversely, basal corticosterone levels were reduced, whereas food deprivation resulted in significantly enhanced plasma corticosterone levels in Gipr−/− mice. [d-Ala2]GIP increased cAMP levels, activated extracellular signal\x{2013}related kinase (ERK)1/2, increased expression of steroidogenic genes, and increased neutral lipid storage in Y1GIPR cells. Gipr−/− adrenal glands demonstrated a twofold upregulation of the ACTH receptor mRNA and increased sensitivity to ACTH ex vivo. Although HF-fed Gipr−/− mice exhibited significantly lower plasma corticosterone, glucocorticoid-treated HF-fed Gipr−/− mice had similar energy balance and glycemia compared with Gipr+/+ controls. Hence, although the Gipr is essential for adrenal steroidogenesis and links HF feeding to increased levels of corticosterone, reduced glucocorticoid levels do not significantly contribute to the enhanced metabolic phenotypes in HF-fed Gipr−/− mice.
Short-Term Exenatide Treatment Leads to Significant Weight Loss in a Subset of Obese Women Without Diabetes
Authors: Dushay Jody , Gao Chuanyun , Gopalakrishnan Gosala S. , Crawley Meghan , Mitten Emilie K. , Wilker Elissa , Mullington Janet , Maratos-Flier Eleftheria
Published: November 2011

OBJECTIVE

To investigate the effect of treatment with the glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonist exenatide on weight loss and metabolic parameters in obese nondiabetic women.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

Forty-one obese women (aged 48 ± 11 years and BMI 33.1 ± 4.1 kg/m2) participated in a 35-week randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover study, including two 16-week treatment periods separated by a 3-week washout period. There was no lifestyle intervention. The primary outcome was change in body weight.

RESULTS

Subjects treated with exenatide lost an average of 2.49 ± 0.66 kg compared with a 0.43 ± 0.63 kg weight gain during placebo treatment. Weight loss with exenatide treatment was noted at 2 weeks. The degree of weight loss could be stratified. A total of 30% of subjects were high responders who lost ≥5% body weight (−7.96 ± 0.52%), 39% were moderate responders who lost <5% body weight (−2.43 ± 0.45%), and 31% were nonresponders who gained weight (1.93 ± 0.53%). Waist circumference also decreased significantly with exenatide treatment. Subjects experienced more nausea during exenatide treatment compared with placebo, but the severity decreased over time and did not correlate with weight loss.

CONCLUSIONS

Short-term exenatide treatment was associated with modest weight loss and decreased waist circumference in a cohort of obese nondiabetic women. A subset of individuals demonstrated robust weight loss that was detected very early in the course of treatment.
Vitamin D Levels and Asymptomatic Coronary Artery Disease in Type 2 Diabetic Patients With Elevated Urinary Albumin Excretion Rate
Authors: Joergensen Christel , Reinhard Henrik , Schmedes Anne , Hansen Peter R. , Wiinberg Niels , Petersen Claus L. , Winther Kaj , Parving Hans-Henrik , Jacobsen Peter K. , Rossing Peter
Published: November 2011

OBJECTIVE

Coronary artery disease (CAD) is the major cause of morbidity and mortality in type 2 diabetic patients. Severe vitamin D deficiency has been shown to predict cardiovascular mortality in type 2 diabetic patients.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

We investigated the association among severe vitamin D deficiency, coronary calcium score (CCS), and asymptomatic CAD in type 2 diabetic patients with elevated urinary albumin excretion rate (UAER) >30 mg/24 h. This was a cross-sectional study including 200 type 2 diabetic patients without a history of CAD. Severe vitamin D deficiency was defined as plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D (p-25[OH]D3) <12.5 nmol/L. Patients with plasma N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide >45.2 ng/L or CCS ≥400 were stratified as being high risk for CAD (n= 133). High-risk patients were examined by myocardial perfusion imaging (MPI; n = 109), computed tomography angiography (n = 20), or coronary angiography (CAG; n = 86). Patients’ p-25(OH)D3 levels were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry.

RESULTS

The median (range) vitamin D level was 36.9 (3.8–118.6) nmol/L. The prevalence of severe vitamin D deficiency was 9.5% (19/200). MPI or CAG demonstrated significant CAD in 70 patients (35%). The prevalence of CCS ≥400 was 34% (68/200). Severe vitamin D deficiency was associated with CCS ≥400 (odds ratio [OR] 4.3, 95% CI [1.5–12.1], P = 0.005). This association persisted after adjusting for risk factors (4.6, 1.5–13.9, P = 0.007). Furthermore, severe vitamin D deficiency was associated with asymptomatic CAD (adjusted OR 2.9, 1.02–7.66, P = 0.047).

CONCLUSIONS

In high-risk type 2 diabetic patients with elevated UAER, low levels of vitamin D are associated with asymptomatic CAD.
Hepatic and Peripheral Insulin Sensitivity and Diabetes Remission at 1 Month After Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass Surgery in Patients Randomized to Omentectomy
Authors: Dunn Julia P. , Abumrad Naji N. , Breitman Igal , Marks-Shulman Pamela A. , Flynn Charles Robb , Jabbour Kareem , Feurer Irene D. , Tamboli Robyn A.
Published: November 2011

OBJECTIVE

Early after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB), there is improvement in type 2 diabetes, which is characterized by insulin resistance. We determined the acute effects of RYGB, with and without omentectomy, on hepatic and peripheral insulin sensitivity. We also investigated whether preoperative diabetes or postoperative diabetes remission influenced tissue-specific insulin sensitivity after RYGB.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

We studied 40 obese (BMI 48 ± 8 kg/m2) participants, 17 with diabetes. Participants were randomized to RYGB alone or in conjunction with omentectomy. Hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamps with isotopic-tracer infusion were completed at baseline and at 1 month postoperatively to assess insulin sensitivity.

RESULTS

Participants lost 11 ± 4% of body weight at 1 month after RYGB, without an improvement in peripheral insulin sensitivity; these outcomes were not affected by omentectomy, preoperative diabetes, or remission of diabetes. Hepatic glucose production (HGP) and the hepatic insulin sensitivity index improved in all subjects, irrespective of omentectomy (P ≤ 0.001). Participants with diabetes had higher baseline HGP values (P = 0.003) that improved to a greater extent after RYGB (P = 0.006). Of the 17 participants with diabetes, 10 (59%) had remission at 1 month. Diabetes remission had a group × time effect (P = 0.041) on HGP; those with diabetes remission had lower preoperative and postoperative HGP.

CONCLUSIONS

Peripheral insulin sensitivity did not improve 1 month after RYGB, irrespective of omentectomy, diabetes, or diabetes remission. Hepatic insulin sensitivity improved at 1 month after RYGB and was more pronounced in patients with diabetes. Improvement in HGP may influence diabetes remission early after RYGB.
Usefulness of the High Triglyceride-to-HDL Cholesterol Ratio to Identify Cardiometabolic Risk Factors and Preclinical Signs of Organ Damage in Outpatient Children
Authors: Di Bonito Procolo , Moio Nicola , Scilla Carolina , Cavuto Luigi , Sibilio Gerolamo , Sanguigno Eduardo , Forziato Claudia , Saitta Francesco , Iardino Maria Rosaria , Di Carluccio Carla , Capaldo Brunella
Published: November 2011

OBJECTIVE

To evaluate whether the high triglyceride-to-HDL cholesterol (TG-to-HDL-C) ratio is associated with cardiometabolic risk (CMR) factors and preclinical signs of organ damage in an outpatient population of white children and adolescents.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

The study population included 884 subjects (aged 6–16 years), of whom 206 (23%) were normal weight, 135 (15%) were overweight, and 543 (61%) were obese. Biochemical variables were analyzed in the whole sample, whereas homocysteine and left ventricular (LV) geometry and function were evaluated in 536 and 258 children, respectively.

RESULTS

The percentage of pubertal children (P < 0.001), as well as measurements of BMI, waist circumference, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance, white blood cell count, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), systolic blood pressure (P < 0.0001, for all), creatinine (P < 0.001), and diastolic blood pressure (P < 0.02), increased from the lowest to the highest tertile of the TG-to-HDL-C ratio. Age, sex, homocysteine, and glomerular filtration rate did not change. Moreover, interventricular septum thickness, relative wall thickness, and LV mass index (P = 0.01 to P < 0.0001) increased across tertiles of the TG-to-HDL-C ratio. Children with a TG-to-HDL-C ratio ≥2.0 showed a two- to threefold higher risk of elevated ALT levels and concentric LV hypertrophy than those with a TG-to-HDL-C ratio <2.0, independent of confounding factors.

CONCLUSIONS

The high TG-to-HDL-C ratio is associated with several CMR factors and preclinical signs of liver and cardiac abnormalities in the outpatient, white pediatric population. Thus, a TG-to-HDL-C ratio ≥2.0 may be useful in clinical practice to detect children with a worsened CMR profile who need monitoring to prevent cardiovascular disease in adulthood.
Mass-to-splenic volume ratio and splenic weight as a percentage of body weight in dogs with malignant and benign splenic masses: 65 cases (2007–2008)
Authors: Mallinckrodt Mary Jo , Gottfried Sharon D.
Published: November 2011

Objective—To determine whether mass-to-splenic volume ratio or splenic weight as a percentage of body weight was significantly different between dogs with benign versus malignant splenic masses.

Design—Retrospective case series.

Animals—65 dogs that underwent splenectomy.

Procedures—Medical records of dogs examined between October 2007 and June 2008 because of a splenic mass were reviewed. Information obtained included dog age, breed, and weight; whether hemoperitoneum was present; splenic weight and dimensions (length, width, and height) at the time of splenectomy; dimensions (length, width, and height) of the splenic mass; and histologic diagnosis. Information on survival time was recorded when available.

Results—30 (46%) dogs had hemangiosarcoma, 10 (15%) had other types of malignant masses, and 25 (39%) had benign masses. Dogs with benign splenic masses had a significantly higher mean mass-to-splenic volume ratio and higher mean splenic weight as a percentage of body weight than did dogs with hemangiosarcoma.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results suggested that mass-to-splenic volume ratio and splenic weight as a percentage of body weight may be useful in differentiating between hemangiosarcoma and benign lesions in dogs with splenic masses.
Use of intravenous lipid emulsion to treat ivermectin toxicosis in a Border Collie
Authors: Clarke Dana L. , Lee Justine A. , Murphy Lisa A. , Reineke Erica L.
Published: November 2011

Case Description—A 2-year-old spayed female Border Collie was treated with IV lipid emulsion (ILE) after ingesting 6 mg/kg (2.73 mg/lb) of an equine ivermectin anthelmintic paste 8 hours prior to examination.

Clinical Findings—On initial examination, the dog had stable cardiovascular signs but had diffuse muscle tremors and was hyperthermic. Neurologic evaluation revealed that the dog was ataxic and had mydriasis with bilaterally absent menace responses and pupillary light reflexes. The remaining physical examination findings were unremarkable. Results of CBC, serum biochemical analysis, venous blood gas analysis, and measurement of plasma lactate concentration were also within reference limits.

Treatment and Outcome—The dog was treated with ILE in addition to supportive care with IV fluid therapy and cardiovascular, respiratory, and neurologic monitoring. The use of ILE treatment was initiated in this patient on the basis of previous clinical and experimental evidence supporting its use for toxicosis resulting from lipid-soluble agents. An initial bolus of 1.5 mL/kg (0.68 mL/lb) of a 20% sterile lipid solution was administered IV over 10 minutes, followed by a constant rate infusion of 0.25 mL/kg/min (0.11 mL/lb/min) over 60 minutes that was administered twice to treat clinical signs of ivermectin toxicosis. The dog was discharged from the hospital 48 hours after admission and was clinically normal within 4 days after ivermectin ingestion. Further diagnostic evaluation subsequently revealed that this dog was unaffected by the multidrug resistance gene (MDR-1) deletion, known as the ATP-binding cassette polymorphism.

Clinical Relevance—Ivermectin toxicosis in veterinary patients can result in death without aggressive treatment, and severe toxicosis often requires mechanical ventilation and intensive supportive care. This is particularly true in dogs affected by the ATP-binding cassette polymorphism. Novel ILE treatment has been shown to be effective in human patients with lipid-soluble drug toxicoses, although the exact mechanism is unknown. In the patient in the present report, ILE was used successfully to treat ivermectin toxicosis, and results of serial measurement of serum ivermectin concentration supported the proposed lipid sink mechanism of action.
Assessment of the tissue diffusion of anesthetic agent following administration of a low palmar nerve block in horses
Authors: Seabaugh Kathryn A. , Selberg Kurt T. , Valdés-Martínez Alejandro , Rao Sangeeta , Baxter Gary M.
Published: November 2011

Objective—To investigate tissue diffusion of anesthetic agent following administration of low palmar nerve blocks (LPBs) in horses.

Design—Randomized clinical trial.

Animals—12 adult horses.

Procedures—In 9 horses, mepivacaine hydrochloride–iohexol (50:50 dilution) injections were administered bilaterally (2 or 4 mL/site) to affect the medial and lateral palmar and palmar metacarpal nerves (4 sites). Lateral radiographic views of both metacarpal regions were obtained before and at 5, 15, 30, 60, 90, and 120 minutes after block administration; proximal and distal extents of contrast medium (and presumably anesthetic agent) diffusion from palmar and palmar metacarpal injection sites were measured and summed to determine total diffusion. Methylene blue solution was injected in forelimbs of 3 other horses that were subsequently euthanized to determine the potential route of anesthetic agent diffusion to the proximal suspensory ligament region.

Results—Mean extents of proximal and total contrast medium diffusion were 4.0 and 6.6 cm, respectively, for the palmar metacarpal nerves and 4.3 and 7.1 cm, respectively, for the palmar nerves. Subtle proximal diffusion secondary to lymphatic drainage was evident in 17 of the 18 limbs. Contrast medium was detected in the metacarpophalangeal joint or within the digital flexor tendon sheath in 8 and 7 limbs, respectively. In the cadaver limbs, methylene blue solution did not extend to the proximal suspensory ligament region.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—In horses, LPBs resulted in minimal proximal diffusion of anesthetic agent from the injection sites. Limbs should be aseptically prepared prior to LPB administration because inadvertent intrasynovial injection may occur.
Agreement between arterial partial pressure of carbon dioxide and saturation of hemoglobin with oxygen values obtained by direct arterial blood measurements versus noninvasive methods in conscious healthy and ill foals
Authors: Wong David M. , Alcott Cody J. , Wang Chong , Bornkamp Jennifer L. , Young Jessica L. , Sponseller Brett A.
Published: November 2011

Objective—To investigate tissue diffusion of anesthetic agent following administration of low palmar nerve blocks (LPBs) in horses.

Design—Randomized clinical trial.

Animals—12 adult horses.

Procedures—In 9 horses, mepivacaine hydrochloride–iohexol (50:50 dilution) injections were administered bilaterally (2 or 4 mL/site) to affect the medial and lateral palmar and palmar metacarpal nerves (4 sites). Lateral radiographic views of both metacarpal regions were obtained before and at 5, 15, 30, 60, 90, and 120 minutes after block administration; proximal and distal extents of contrast medium (and presumably anesthetic agent) diffusion from palmar and palmar metacarpal injection sites were measured and summed to determine total diffusion. Methylene blue solution was injected in forelimbs of 3 other horses that were subsequently euthanized to determine the potential route of anesthetic agent diffusion to the proximal suspensory ligament region.

Results—Mean extents of proximal and total contrast medium diffusion were 4.0 and 6.6 cm, respectively, for the palmar metacarpal nerves and 4.3 and 7.1 cm, respectively, for the palmar nerves. Subtle proximal diffusion secondary to lymphatic drainage was evident in 17 of the 18 limbs. Contrast medium was detected in the metacarpophalangeal joint or within the digital flexor tendon sheath in 8 and 7 limbs, respectively. In the cadaver limbs, methylene blue solution did not extend to the proximal suspensory ligament region.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—In horses, LPBs resulted in minimal proximal diffusion of anesthetic agent from the injection sites. Limbs should be aseptically prepared prior to LPB administration because inadvertent intrasynovial injection may occur.
Nondegenerate dual atomic parametric amplifier: entangled atomic fields
Authors: Kumar Tarun , Bhattacherjee Aranya , Verma Priyanka , Gevorgyan Narine , Mohan Man
Published: November 2011

In this paper, we investigate the dynamics of two coupled quantum degenerate atomic fields (BEC) interacting with two classical optical fields in the nonlinear atom optics regime. Two-photon interaction produces entangled atom-atom pairs which exhibit nonclassical correlations. Since the system involves the creation of two correlated atom pairs, we call it the nondegenerate dual atomic parametric amplifier.
Overview of University Sport in Iran
Authors: Mirsafian Hamidreza , Mohamadinejad Azadeh
Published: November 2011

Overview of University Sport in Iran

This article focuses on the structure and management systems of sport at Iranian universities. The method of this research was through an analysis of documents. Sport in the system of Iranian universities is divided into three different categories. The physical education department of the Ministry of Science, Research and Technology of Iran is responsible for sport at universities in the country, and managing sport affairs. Authority was granted to secretariats in the various regions so that decision making would be decentralized due to the large size of the country and the large number of universities in the various geographical regions. Due to this great geographical diversity, universities should continue their activities under the supervision of sport secretariats in their given regions. The participation of students in sport activities at Iranian universities was calculated in three categories; students with different interests and skills can participate in various numbers of sports, championships, and sport festivals. At this time, with regards to the scientific attitudes towards sport and physical activities and the expanding culture of sport at Iranian universities, the number of participants in sport activities is increasing. In the conclusion it is stated that improving the knowledge and attention of students regarding the importance of sport in different aspects of education and life, as well as the recognition of present barriers and support of campus volunteers, could help to increase the participation of students in sport activities. Moreover, the allocation of more power and authority to each region, as well as holding different local and traditional sport festivals, could help to improve the development of sport at Iranian universities.
Magnetic Resonance Imaging: Fundamental Safety Issues
Authors: Durbridge Gail
Published: November 2011

Synopsis

Medical practitioners have a variety of imaging modalities at their disposal. The exquisite soft tissue delineation available with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has resulted in the rising utilization of this particular modality. Increasingly, physical therapists around the world are actively involved in not only referring patients with musculoskeletal conditions for MRI but also in the acquisition of MRI data in both the clinical and research arenas. The MRI process involves the use of a very strong static magnetic field, time-varying (gradient) fields, and radiofrequency energy. To ensure the well-being of patients, staff, and visitors, an understanding of the primary hazards of this environment and the rigorous safety procedures that must be followed is imperative to the clinician. This paper describes the basic components of an MRI system, discusses various MRI safety issues, and presents the screening procedure necessary prior to using MRI. Primary hazards associated with the imaging process are also reviewed. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2011;41(11):820–828. doi:10.2519/jospt.2011.3906
Direct Measurements of Volatile and Semivolatile Organic Compounds from Hot- and Warm-Mix Asphalt
Authors: Farshidi Frank , Jones David , Kumar Anuj , Green Peter G. , Harvey John T.
Published: November 2011

Emissions from the production and paving of hot-mix asphalt are increasingly being scrutinized. The introduction of warm-mix asphalt (WMA) technologies could potentially lead to a reduction in these emissions. However, the measurement of these emissions is both complex and expensive. To overcome these obstacles, the University of California Pavement Research Center has developed a simplified protocol that can be used in addition to conventional methods and that allows direct comparison of emissions from different mixes measured at the pavement surface during construction. A portable flux chamber is used to capture and directly measure emissions before, immediately after, and 2 h after compaction. Emissions are collected in activated charcoal sorbent tubes and analyzed by using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry in the laboratory to identify individual compounds. The protocol was evaluated during the construction of a test track that will be used in an accelerated pavement test to compare the performance of three rubberized hot-mix asphalt controls against seven rubberized WMA sections. The measured reactive organic gases included selected volatile and semivolatile organic compounds. The results demonstrated that WMA technology type, temperature, and level of compaction greatly influence emissions characteristics. On the basis of the success of the pilot study, the project is being extended to measure other types of emissions, including polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, and to assess real-time analysis methods.
Effects of Physical Hardening on Stress Relaxation in Asphalt Cements
Authors: Evans Michael , Marchildon Ryan , Hesp Simon A. M.
Published: November 2011

This paper documents and discusses an investigation of how physical hardening phenomena during isothermal conditioning affect stress relaxation in asphalt cement. The importance of physical hardening is reviewed with data from trial sections and regular contracts. Seven asphalts were recovered from an Ontario, Canada, pavement trial. Tensile specimens were poured and conditioned for either 20 min or 72 h at low temperatures before being subjected to a stress relaxation test at −10°C. The extended conditioning period could more than double the residual thermal stress at the end of the test. The one asphalt to show no physical hardening came from the section that remained largely free of cracking. A second material that showed a moderate degree of physical hardening only recently started to crack by an appreciable amount. In contrast, the remaining five materials significantly hardened during the extended conditioning period and cracked prematurely and excessively in service. These findings clearly refute the hypotheses that physical hardening is not important and that stress relaxation can reverse the effect or reduce it to insignificance. Materials with an unstable colloidal structure were found most sensitive to physical hardening. The results of this study agree with earlier creep data obtained according to an extended bending beam rheometer test method. Hence, it is imperative that pavements be designed with criteria that take physical hardening effects into account to limit premature and excessive performance failures.
New Low-Temperature Performance-Grading Method
Authors: Sui Changping , Farrar Michael J. , Harnsberger P. Michael , Tuminello William H. , Turner Thomas F.
Published: November 2011

Mechanical measurements on asphalt binders to determine the performance grade of the low-temperature specification are typically carried out with a bending beam rheometer (BBR). The BBR test requires considerable material to fabricate a specimen (approximately 15 g per beam). The relatively large amount of asphalt binder required for the BBR limits its applications. The BBR is difficult to apply to extracted asphalt binder or to other situations in which there is a limited amount of binder, for example, residue from emulsions. This paper proposes an alternate mechanical test to the BBR to determine low-temperature PG. Only approximately 25 mg of asphalt binder are required to perform a test. The test employs 4-mm-diameter parallel plates on a dynamic shear rheometer (DSR) and includes a correction for machine compliance. This correction allows testing to −40°C. A low-temperature specification from the 4-mm rheometry is suggested by the establishment of a correlation between BBR creep stiffness data and DSR stress relaxation data. The shear stress relaxation data used in this work were interconverted from dynamic frequency sweep data. A strong linear correlation was observed between BBR and DSR data from 11 asphalt binders.
Influence of Aging and Temperature on Intrinsic Healing of Asphalt Binders
Authors: Bhasin Amit , Palvadi Sundeep , Little Dallas N.
Published: November 2011

It is well recognized that asphalt binders have the ability to self-heal or reverse microdamage during rest periods between load cycles. The ability of an asphalt mixture to self-heal depends on the physical and chemical properties of the asphalt binder, mixture properties, magnitude of damage before the rest period, and external conditions such as temperature. A thorough understanding of the healing mechanism is required to develop a comprehensive damage model that accounts for both fracture and healing on the basis of material properties and external factors such as temperature. Previous studies have hypothesized that healing was a two-step process comprising microcrack closing, referred to as crack wetting, and strength gain, referred to as intrinsic healing. Intrinsic healing or strength gain was further demonstrated to be the sum of two components: instantaneous strength gain immediately on wetting and time-dependent strength gain. A test method using the dynamic shear rheometer was developed to measure the rate of intrinsic healing, which was modeled with a modified form of the Avrami equation. The influence of temperature and aging on the rate of intrinsic healing of asphalt binders was investigated. The intrinsic healing of three asphalt binders was measured at three temperatures and two aging conditions. Results support the hypothesis that time-dependent intrinsic healing increases with an increase in temperature and that the overall capacity of the asphalt binder to heal decreases with aging of the asphalt binder.
Separation of Thixotropy from Fatigue Process of Asphalt Binder
Authors: Shan Liyan , Tan Yiqiu , Underwood B. Shane , Kim Y. Richard
Published: November 2011

The fatigue performance of asphalt binder is critical to understanding the fatigue performance of asphalt mixtures. For the fatigue process to be modeled properly, the mechanism responsible for the fatigue behavior must be understood properly. In asphalt binder, it is widely accepted that the fatigue process is related to damage. However, some researchers have used the concept of thixotropy to describe the fatigue process in binder with equal success. If the real mechanism responsible for the observed reduction in modulus during a fatigue test is not properly understood, misinterpretation may occur. Such misinterpretation may lead to an improper assessment of a given material's quality and the acceptance of bad or rejection of good materials. This study attempted to separate the influence of thixotropy from other mechanisms during a fatigue experiment Tests were performed to characterize the exponential thixotropy model of four typical asphalt binders. The relationships between dynamic modulus and phase angle in a fatigue test and in a healing test were compared to determine the thixotropy-influence phase. According to the thixotropy model and fatigue test results, thixotropy is separated from the damage process for the entire fatigue test. A value of 50% |G*| after separation is put forward to evaluate the true fatigue characteristics of asphalt binder. The findings from this study, although based on a limited number of binders, suggest that thixotropy plays an important role in the fatigue characteristics of asphalt binder. The findings also provide a reasonable failure criterion for defining a fatigue evaluation index.
Hot-Mix Asphalt that Contains Nickel Slag Aggregate
Authors: Wang George , Thompson Russell G. , Wang Yuhong
Published: November 2011

Air-cooled (AC) nickel slag is evaluated for highway construction applications as an aggregate in hot-mix asphalt (HMA). The AC nickel slag is a liquid coproduct of nickel production that is solidified under ambient conditions. The laboratory evaluation program, which was carried out to determine the characteristics of the AC nickel slag, included physical and mechanical properties testing, petrographic examinations, and HMA mixture designs. Accelerated laboratory testing was completed on the mixtures by using an asphalt pavement analyzer to assess their performance characteristics. Additional testing included autoclave disruption tests for free lime and free magnesia, chemical and mineralogical analyses, polished stone value, and aggregate abrasion value. This study indicated that suitably processed nickel slag was environmentally, mineralogically, and physically stable. From the accelerated laboratory testing that was completed, it was concluded that the AC nickel slag was suitable for use as coarse and fine aggregates in HMA. The use of nickel slag in a highway construction is also presented.