bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
piRNA processing within non‐membrane structures is governed by constituent proteins and their functional motifs
Authors: Suyama Ritsuko , Kai Toshie
Published: December 2024

Discovered two decades ago, PIWI‐interacting RNAs (piRNAs) are crucial for silencing transposable elements (TEs) in animal gonads, thereby protecting the germline genome from harmful transposition, and ensuring species continuity. Silencing of TEs is achieved through transcriptional and post‐transcriptional suppression by piRNAs and the PIWI clade of Argonaute proteins within non‐membrane structured organelle. These structures are composed of proteins involved in piRNA processing, including PIWIs and other proteins by distinct functional motifs such as the Tudor domain, LOTUS, and intrinsic disordered regions (IDRs). This review highlights recent advances in understanding the roles of these conserved proteins and structural motifs in piRNA biogenesis. We explore the molecular mechanisms of piRNA biogenesis, with a primary focus on Drosophila as a model organism, identifying common themes and species‐specific variations. Additionally, we extend the discussion to the roles of these components in nongonadal tissues.
Applying 224Ra and 223Ra to Trace Lateral Groundwater Discharge into Lake Qinghai, China
Authors: Su Weigang , Ma Yujun , Wang Qiugui
Published: December 2024

Quantifying lacustrine groundwater discharge (LGD) is important for understanding the dynamics of lake ecosystems and their expansion. This study focuses on Lake Qinghai, employing radium isotope models to evaluate the contributions of both shallow and deep groundwater. The data indicate that the activity of 223Ra and 224Ra demonstrates a pronounced gradient, decreasing from the shoreline to the center of Lake Qinghai. Additionally, vertical stratification characteristics were observed. The spatial distribution of radium isotope activity suggests that there is discharge of both shallow and deep groundwater into the lake. Deep groundwater migrates slowly and its apparent age reflects the time elapsed since the water became enriched in Ra and was isolated from the source, in the study system this age is estimated to be 10.1 d. In contrast, shallow groundwater displayed varied apparent ages in different regions: 7.9 d in the north, 13.1 d in the south, and 7.4 d in the southeastern area of the lake. The LGDs of shallow groundwater discharge in the north, south, and southeast areas of Lake Qinghai were estimated by 224Ra as 1.89 × 106 to 2.69 × 106 m3/d, 3.25 × 106 to 3.99 × 106 m3/d, and 4.51 × 106 to 6.33 × 106 m3/d, respectively. For deep groundwater, the LGD was 0.16 × 106 to 0.29 × 106 m3/d. Annually, the total LGD fluxes of shallow and deep groundwater are 27.86 × 108 to 37.59 × 108 m3/year and 0.58 × 108 to 1.06 × 108 m3/year, respectively. This study is the first to evaluate shallow and deep groundwater discharge around the lake. Understanding these discharge dynamics is essential for developing effective management strategies to preserve lake environments.
Stone at the same location for 2 months predicts impacted stones and stone‐free status after shock wave lithotripsy for ureteral stones: A Funabashi clinic expert study
Authors: Nozumi Kazuyoshi , Sakamoto Shinichi , Zhao Xue , Pae Sangjon , Tamura Takaaki , Taguchi Kazumi , Yamada Yasutaka , Goto Yusuke , Imamura Yusuke , Sazuka Tomokazu , Awa Yusuke , Yasui Takahiro , Nozumi Kuniyoshi , Naya Yukio , Akakura Koichiro , Ichikawa Tomohiko
Published: December 2024

Objectives

To evaluate the success rate of shock wave lithotripsy and identify predictors of stone‐free status after shock wave lithotripsy for ureteral stones, focusing on the impact of stones remaining in the same location for 2 months (SSL2).

Methods

A retrospective analysis was conducted on 501 patients with ureteral stones treated with shock wave lithotripsy by expert surgeons (each with over 1000 shock wave lithotripsy operations) at a single Japanese institution in 2020. Logistic regression analysis identified predictors of stone‐free status, including stone length, skin‐to‐stone distance, stone density (Hounsfield Unit), Hounsfield Unit above/below the stone, stone position, and duration of stone at the same location (SSL2).

Results

Ninety patients were excluded, resulting in 411 patients undergoing an average of 1.15 ± 0.4 sessions (range: 1–4). 344 patients (83.7%) achieved stone‐free status after a single session. The overall 1‐month stone‐free rate was 71.4%, and the 3‐month stone‐free rate was 88.8%. Stone at the same location ≥2 months (SSL2) was an independent predictor of 1‐month stone‐free status (odds ratio = 2.25, 95%CI: 1.10–4.57, p = 0.025), while mean stone density ≥ 813 HU was an independent predictor of 3‐month stone‐free status (odds ratio = 2.66, 95% CI: 1.10–6.45, p = 0.03).

Conclusion

Stone at the same location ≥2 months (SSL2) was a potent predictor of 1‐month and 3‐month stone‐free status. This condition is associated with impacted stones and can aid in decision‐making for shock wave lithotripsy treatment selection.
Prevalence and associations of cerebral microbleeds in an Australian memory clinic cohort
Authors: Wrigley Scott , Cody Ross , Amadoru Sanka , Huynh Andrew , Galante Olivia , Mandrawa Christine , Yassi Nawaf , Yates Paul
Published: December 2024

Background

Cerebral microbleeds (CMBs) are small brain haemorrhages, identified by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). They indicate potential for cognitive decline and mortality in memory clinic attendees. The presence of more than four CMBs is exclusionary for some clinical trials of disease‐modifying therapies for Alzheimer's disease (AD). The prevalence and clinical relevance of CMBs in Australian memory clinic populations has not been reported.

Aims

To highlight the prevalence of CMBs in an Australian memory clinic cohort and explore associations with diagnoses, topography and cognitive performance.

Methods

We conducted a retrospective cohort study of 393 patients who attended a memory clinic (CDAMS) in Melbourne, Australia from January 2014 to December 2016 who underwent brain MRI. Data collected included age, gender, clinical diagnosis and cognitive scores. Univariable and multivariable regression analyses were performed to identify associations of CMBs with clinical and cognitive findings.

Results

The prevalence of CMBs was 27% (n=107) with good inter‐rater reliability (κ=0.75). CMBs were significantly associated with increasing age. Prevalence of CMBs was higher in people with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) (32%) and dementia (39%) compared with other diagnostic groups (p<0.001). Lobar‐predominant CMB distribution was associated with AD diagnosis. Presence of multiple CMBs was associated with poorer cognitive performance overall.

Conclusions

CMBs are common in an Australian memory clinic population and are associated with poorer cognitive performance. “Real world” prevalence of CMBs may limit accessibility to disease‐modifying therapies for many people.
Flow loss in superplasticized limestone calcined clay cement
Authors: Moghul Sirajuddin , Zunino Franco , Flatt Robert J.
Published: December 2024

This study investigates the mechanisms behind fluidity loss in superplasticized limestone calcined clay cement (LC3), a sustainable alternative to ordinary Portland cement (OPC). Despite its environmental benefits, in presence of superplasticizers, LC3 experiences significant challenges in maintaining workability, an issue of which this paper examines the root cause. It focuses on the role that initial reactions play in creating additional surface area and the consequence thereof on the performance of polycarboxylate ether superplasticizers (PCE) in LC3. Experimental results reveal that while PCEs initially disperse the cement particles, fluidity decreases rapidly over time, primarily due to the continuous generation of those new surfaces that exceed the adsorption capacity of PCEs. The study also examines the potential intercalation of PCE side chains into calcined clays and shows that even in the worst‐case scenario with montmorillonite clays, intercalation is not a significant contributor to slump loss when the clays are calcined. These findings suggest that alternative strategies, such as slowing down the initial reactivity of the calcined clays, for example by combining PCEs with other additives like diphosphonates, may be necessary to improve flow retention in superplasticized LC3 systems.
The effects of handling on stress response markers in a reef fish model for aquaculture development, the brassy chub, Kyphosus vaigiensis
Authors: Merlo Reilly S. , Fox Bradley K. , Seale Andre P.
Published: December 2024

With the expanding global population, interest has increased in the sustainable aquaculture development of indigenous fishes. In Hawaiʻi, the brassy chub, Kyphosus vaigiensis, has drawn interest as a candidate species for production. However, little is known about its resilience in aquaculture settings where fish are exposed to acute, husbandry‐related stressors. To address the response of brassy chub to handling stress, we characterized the effects of simulated netting and confinement stress on physiological parameters indicative of the alarm and resistance phases of the stress response over a 24‐h time course. Specifically, we measured plasma osmolality and glucose, mucous cortisol, hepatic activity of the antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPX), and hepatic lipid peroxidation (LPO). Plasma osmolality in stressed fish was increased relative to controls at 1 and 6 h. Mucous cortisol levels were transiently increased in stressed fish at 1 h following handling stress. In stressed fish, plasma glucose was generally increased from 1 h to 24 h relative to controls. By contrast, SOD activity decreased in stressed fish at 6 and 12 h, returning to control levels at 24 h; GPX activity and LPO were unaffected by the handling stressor. The transient and modest responses of mucous cortisol and antioxidant enzyme activity indicate the recovery of brassy chub from handling stress. Moreover, the sustained increase in plasma glucose and lack of change in LPO suggest mobilization of energy and long‐term resiliency toward handling stressors.
Frailty screening in older patients undergoing elective colorectal surgery: Comparative study of seven screening instruments
Authors: Fagard Katleen , Geyskens Lisa , Van den Bogaert Björk , Willems Sarah , Flamaing Johan , Wolthuis Albert , Deschodt Mieke
Published: December 2024

Background

Frailty screening instruments are increasingly studied as risk predictors for adverse postoperative outcomes. However, because of the lack of comparative research, it is unclear which screening instrument performs best. This study therefore compared the diagnostic accuracy of seven frailty screening instruments for adverse postoperative outcomes in patients aged ≥70 years undergoing colorectal surgery.

Methods

We conducted a prospective cohort study at an academic hospital, examining the Fried and Robinson frailty criteria, the Edmonton Frail Scale, the Rockwood Clinical Frailty Scale, the Modified Frailty Index, the FRAIL questionnaire, and the Geriatric 8 for predicting postoperative complications with a Clavien‐Dindo (CD) severity grade ≥2. Secondary outcomes were complications with CD severity grade ≥3, prolonged length of stay, increased care level after discharge, and functional decline in basic or instrumental activities of daily living up to 1 month after surgery.

Results

The study included 172 consecutive patients. Positive frailty screening ranged from 13.4% to 73.8%. CD≥2 complications were present in 37.8% of patients. At the original cutoffs, most instruments had a high specificity (76.7%–92.4%) at the expense of sensitivity (21.5%–38.5%) with a moderate negative predictive value (NPV) for predicting CD≥2 complications. The Geriatric 8 showed the opposite pattern (sensitivity 81.5%—specificity 30.8%) and a high NPV. Diagnostic accuracy was moderate for all screening instruments, since the areas under the receiver operating characteristic curve did not exceed 0.61 across instruments. Altering the cutoff scores did not yield sufficient improvement. Comparable results were found for the secondary outcomes.

Conclusions

Comparing the predictive value of the screening instruments showed that frailty screening cannot be used in isolation as risk predictor for adverse postoperative outcomes. Further research should focus on a two‐step approach in which additional diagnosis of frailty by means of comprehensive geriatric assessment is included in the prediction model.
Bad behaviours because of a dead‐end job? Effects of career plateau on counterproductive work behaviours
Authors: Zhao Jun , Chen Ziguang , Lam Wing , Xie Yuping , Liu Zhiqiang , Long Lirong
Published: December 2024

Career advancement offers employee motivation, but what happens when an upward path reaches a plateau? With a three‐wave survey of 244 members of 58 work teams, the current study explores how and when career plateaus influence counterproductive work behaviours (CWBs), in accordance with negative reciprocity theory. The results show that at the individual level, individual job content plateaus relate positively to individual CWBs, through individual work alienation; individual task crafting weakens this mediating effect. At the team level, the team hierarchical plateaus relate positively to team CWBs through team work alienation, and team participation in decision‐making weakens this mediating effect. This multi‐level perspective establishes both theoretical contributions and practical implications.
Nations, corrective justice and state creation: How normative are normative remedial theories of secession?
Authors: Pavlović Jovica , Pavković Aleksandar , Đurković Miša
Published: December 2024

Proponents of remedial secession theory (henceforth RST) claim that a group obtains the right to secede when it is wronged by the state, given that other preconditions – which can be more or less restrictive, depending on the theory's author – are also fulfilled. However, in doing so, they face multiple moral challenges and problems. Here, we identify five major problems with their normative claims while paying particular attention to the ethical and practical implications of the “implementation” and the “appropriateness” problem. With the help of Pollock's method for evaluating moral theories, we conclude that the critical problems encountered by RST remain unresolved due to the untenability of its fundamental premise: that secession is an instrument suitable for achieving corrective justice.
A Comparative Evaluation of Presurgical Infant Orthopaedics of Modified Grayson's Technique With Rhinoplasty Appliance System in Patients With Unilateral Cleft Lip and Palate
Authors: Mejia Martha , Batra Puneet , Dominguez Monica , Escobar Daniela Scarlett , Alvarez Mayra , Castillo Tatiana , Ahuja Dhruv
Published: December 2024

Objective

To evaluate the effects of presurgical infant orthopaedics using the Modified Grayson technique and Rhinoplasty Appliance System on the maxillary alveolus and nasolabial region in infants with unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP).

Materials and Methods

This prospective study looked at 26 patients with a mean age of 6.3 ± 1.48 days, having complete UCLP. The study sample was divided into two groups of 13 UCLP infants: Group 1, treated by the modified Grayson technique, and Group 2, treated with the Rhinoplasty Appliance System (RAS). The scanned cast parameters were assessed before and after PSIO treatment, assessing treatment changes in the alveolar arch, which was further supplemented with standardised anteroposterior, Worms‐eye view and profile photographs assessing sift tissue facial parameters. Descriptive statistics were applied, and a two‐tailed t‐test for intergroup comparison was used to determine cast and facial parameters across the two techniques.

Results

Intra‐group assessment of cast and facial parameters showed a significant difference (p < 0.005) across pre and post‐treatment assessment using two different treatment modalities. However, intergroup comparison showed no significant difference (p > 0.005) between modified Grayson's and RAS techniques.

Conclusion

In infants with UCLP, both techniques significantly impacted the alveolus and nasolabial region while reducing cleft defects. However, an intergroup comparison of both the treatment modalities showed similar effects on intraoral and extraoral parameters. Integrating RAS into PSIO protocols shows promise in treating lip‐and‐palate cleft deformities. The study emphasises the value of digital technology in enhancing PSIO protocols, with potential benefits for treatment standardisation and improvement in patient experience.
Advanced Harmonic Mitigation in Photovoltaic Grid-Connected Systems: Jellyfish Search Optimization Approach
Authors: Ali I. Gony Hashim , Izat Rashed Ghamgeen , Badjan Ansuman , O. M. Bahageel Ahmed , I. Shaheen Husam
Published: December 2024

Increasing prevalence of nonlinear loads (NLL) in modern power systems poses significant challenges, particularly in terms of harmonic distortion. This distortion degrades the performance and efficiency of photovoltaic (PV) grid-connected systems (PV-GCS), demanding advanced control strategies. This study presents a unique optimization-based method that employs the Jellyfish Search Optimization (JSO) algorithm to enhance the Shunt Active Power Filter (SAPF) for effective harmonic reduction in PV-GCS with a high penetration of NLL in the distribution network. The study aims to reduce total harmonic distortion (THD) and regulate the DC-bus voltage (Vdc) in SAPF. A comprehensive comparison examination is performed between JSO and three frequently utilized optimization algorithms: genetic algorithm (GA), particle swarm optimization (PSO), and golden eagle algorithm (GE), to investigate the efficiency of JSO algorithm. The reduced THD by the JSO is only 1.32 percent, smoothly regulated the Vdc with a short settling time, without overshooting. These findings indicate that JSO outperforms others, emphasizing that it has the potential to improve power quality (PQ) in PV-GCS with NLL. This study presents a strong foundation for minimizing harmonics in PV integrating to the grids, which contributes to improved system reliability and efficiency.
Subduction zone rocks oxidized by supercritical fluid: Constraints from an ultrahigh-pressure eclogite-vein system in the Dabie orogen, China
Authors: Chen Tie-Nan , Chen Ren-Xu , Zheng Yong-Fei , Zhou Kun , Li Wan-Cai
Published: December 2024

The role of subducting slab-derived supercritical fluids in transferring oxidized components in subduction zones remains poorly constrained. We investigated the oxidation state and effect of supercritical fluids by a combined study of petrology and geochemistry on an ultrahigh-pressure eclogite-vein system from the Dabie orogen, China. These samples record the composition and evolution of supercritical fluids at subarc depths. Multiphase crystal inclusions trapped within minerals in the vein encompass calcite, anhydrite, and magnetite, suggesting that the supercritical fluids contain such cations as S6+, C4+, and Fe3+. Whole-rock and mineral compositions of the eclogites vary systematically with distance from the vein, suggesting that the eclogites adjacent to the vein were metasomatized by vein-forming supercritical fluids. The garnet-clinopyroxene oxybarometric results indicate that the metasomatism of supercritical fluids resulted in the elevation of oxygen fugacity in the eclogites. The metasomatized eclogites exhibit decreases in Fe and S contents, Fe3+/Fetotal ratios, and modes of omphacite and pyrite. This observation suggests that the supercritical fluids dissolving omphacite and pyrite were accompanied by a Fe-S redox coupling process during fluid-rock reactions. This process further releases Fe3+ and S6+ from the eclogites to supercritical fluids. In combination with the mineral composition of the vein, it is inferred that sulfur was likely transported farther by the supercritical fluids. Therefore, some supercritical fluids were oxidizing at the subducting slab-mantle wedge interface and thus can oxidize the metasomatized rocks. Therefore, supercritical fluids are efficient carriers of oxidized components from the subducting slab to the mantle wedge, eventually contributing to the oxidization of arc magma sources.
A sustainable route for producing reduced graphene oxide nanosheets from recycled plastic waste for high-performance supercapacitor applications
Authors: Aboraia Abdelaziz M. , Aldosari F. M. , Almohammdy Abdullah , Madkhali Nawal , Saad Mohamed , Elewa Nancy N. , Mohamed Mohaned M.M.
Published: December 2024

Among the environmental issues, plastic waste is one of the most significant problems, and thus, searching for ways to solve it is critical. In the present work, a green process is proposed for synthesizing RGO nanosheets from recycled plastic waste for efficient supercapacitor applications. The suggested approach consists of the transformation of plastic waste into GO using a direct and reproducible strategy and then the transformation of GO to RGO via an eco-friendly reducing agent. The synthesized RGO nanosheets possessed desirable electrochemical characteristics such as a specific capacitance of 104[Formula: see text]F/g at 0.5[Formula: see text]A/g, 90% capacitance retention after 5000 cycles, and good rate capability. The RGO nanosheets were further employed as electrode materials for the supercapacitor devices which has been evidenced with high energy density and power density. Physical properties have been characterized by XRD, Raman spectroscopy and transmission electron microscope have clearly observed the structure and the morphology of Graphene nanosheets has been established. The electrochemical properties of RGO have been examined and demonstrated to be regular. The proposed structure exhibits a nearly rectangular shape within the range of the potential window, conforming to the standard characteristics of an ideal capacitor. The findings of this study represent a viable and techno-economically feasible strategy to address the global issue of plastic waste and generate high-value graphene materials for energy storage technologies.
Superconductivity and surface structures in iron-doped bulk compound Bi2Sr2Ca2(Cu0.99Fe0.01)3O10+δ
Authors: Kumar Rohitash , Singh Yadunath
Published: December 2024

Nowadays, researchers are extremely fascinated with the study of the doping effects of nanostructures of different materials, sizes and concentrations in high [Formula: see text] superconductors. This paper presents the presence of nanorods (N) structures, which have not previously been observed in the bulk HTSCs materials, and the influence of Iron doping in Bi-2223 superconductor using composition Bi2Sr2Ca[Formula: see text](Cu[Formula: see text]Fex)nO[Formula: see text], ([Formula: see text]) for ([Formula: see text] and 0.01). The composition is prepared through a solid state route (SSR). The obtained samples are characterized with XRD, FESEM with EDX, HR-TEM and FTIR, and categorized into two samples ([Formula: see text]) and ([Formula: see text]) Bi2Sr2Ca2Cu3O[Formula: see text], and Bi2Sr2Ca2(Cu[Formula: see text]Fe[Formula: see text])3O[Formula: see text], respectively, which show Lattice dimensions [Formula: see text][Formula: see text]Å, [Formula: see text][Formula: see text]Å, [Formula: see text][Formula: see text]Å and [Formula: see text][Formula: see text]Å, [Formula: see text][Formula: see text]Å, [Formula: see text][Formula: see text]Å with Orthorhombic crystal structure, respectively. The FE-SEM micrographs show plate-like layered structures and (N) in the samples, which are uniformly distributed. The obtained size of crystallite nanoparticles is 2[Formula: see text]nm–100[Formula: see text]nm, calculated by the Scherrer method, and verified with HR-TEM data. The HR-TEM study also confirmed the layered form in the orthorhombic phase. The FESEM-EDX energy peaks in the spectrum confirm the presence of the elements in both samples ([Formula: see text]) and ([Formula: see text]). The HRTEM-EDX confirms the extant iron in the sample in the form of (N). The FTIR bond stretching 1630.89[Formula: see text]cm[Formula: see text] and 1629.657[Formula: see text]cm[Formula: see text] of the samples ([Formula: see text]) and ([Formula: see text]), respectively, confirms the superconductor bismuth-based 2223 phase, respectively. The electrical resistivity study of ([Formula: see text]) and ([Formula: see text]) samples shows the critical temperature ([Formula: see text]) of 63.083[Formula: see text]K and 22.8195[Formula: see text]K, respectively. The onset temperature for both samples is measured at 115.1785[Formula: see text]K and 68.314[Formula: see text]K, which represent the Bi-2223 phase. The magnetoresistance is obtained at low temperatures by a physical properties measurement system (PPMS) and with the increasing order of applied magnetic field from 0 to 12 Tesla, an increase in the resistivity in the pure sample ([Formula: see text]) and also a decrease in transition temperature are observed. These results are as similar to those obtained in the Bi-2223 Superconductor. The results show the growth of nanoparticles in the iron-doped Bisco superconductors.
Toward a microscopic picture of superfluid Helium-4
Authors: Yu Yongle , Luo Hailin
Published: December 2024

Taking inspiration from F. Bloch’s seminal work (PRA 7, 2187 (1973)), we investigate the quantum many-body states of superfluid 4He, unveiling a novel characteristic in the system’s energy levels. Below the transition temperature, the thermally active low-energy levels exhibit a distinctive grouping behavior, with each level belonging exclusively to a single group. In a superflow state, the system establishes thermal equilibrium with its surroundings on a group-specific basis. Specifically, the levels within a chosen group, initially populated, undergo thermal redistribution, while the remaining groups of levels stay vacant due to absence of transitions between groups. The macroscopic properties of the system, such as its superflow velocity and thermal energy density, are statistically determined by the thermal distribution of the occupied group. Additionally, we infer that the thermal energy of a superflow has an unusual relationship with flow velocity, such that the larger the flow velocity, the smaller the thermal energy. This relationship is responsible for a range of intriguing phenomena, including the mechano-caloric effect and the fountain effect, which demonstrate a fundamental coupling between the thermal motion and hydrodynamic motion of the system. Furthermore, we present experimental evidence of a self-heating effect in 4He superflows, confirming that a 4He superflow carries significant thermal energy related to its velocity.
Significance of Hamilton–Crosser’s model for thermal improvement in transient ternary nanofluid problem from multiple physical aspects
Authors: Adnan  , Sarfraz Ghulfam , Ullah Khan Sami , Mahmood Zafar , Khan Yasir , Walelign Tadesse
Published: December 2024

The structure of nanoparticles and their thermophysical characteristics potentially affect the performance of nanofluids. The thermal conductivity model termed as Hamilton–Crosser’s model accommodates the influence of nanoparticles shapes for thermal enhancement applications. Hence, this research aims to analyze the thermal transport in ternary nanofluids using Hamilton–Crosser’s model. The problem is formulated for stagnation point flow using the similarity variables in the governing laws. The traditional nanofluid problem is modified for ternary nanofluids with additional physical aspects of heat generation, thermal radiations, thermal slip effects over the convectively heated domain, and dissipation effects. Then, the numerical scheme (shooting method coupled with RK technique) is implemented for the results. The physical outcomes revealed that stronger unsteady effects [Formula: see text] increased the movement of the fluid while nanoparticles concentration [Formula: see text] abstain the fluid motion. The thermal transport in spherical-type nanoparticles is observed dominant when the Biot number varies [Formula: see text]. However, the increasing transient effects [Formula: see text] slow down the model efficiency. Addition of platelet nanoparticles is observed as good for cooling of the nanofluidic system followed by the hexahedron and spherical nanomaterial. Moreover, higher dissipation energy, heat generation, and radiation effects are examined as excellent physical parameters to make the fluidic system more efficient.
Theoretical study of the optical and thermodynamic properties of aluminum oxide (Al2O3) with high pressures at elevated temperatures
Authors: Ali Shabir , Wang Xinhua , Rasool Ghulam , Ali Amjad , Ali Rawaid , Naveed-ur-Rehman  , Razzaq Izzat
Published: December 2024

The optical and thermodynamic properties of aluminum oxide (Al2O3) were investigated through the density functional theory. In this paper, to examine the structural parameters the GGA-PBEsol potential was used. The Becke–Johnson (TB-mBJ) potential was applied to estimate the optical properties, and the Gibbs2 code was used to examine the thermodynamic behavior of Al2O3. The optical analysis shows that the optical properties were improved and the spectrum red-shifted occurs under high pressure. The thermodynamics behavior of the Al2O3 in temperatures ranging from 0[Formula: see text]K to 1400[Formula: see text]K and the pressure ranging from 0[Formula: see text]GPa to 60[Formula: see text]GPa were achieved using the quasi-harmonic Debye model to elucidate the relationships between thermodynamic parameters and temperature under variant pressure. The results show that the optical and thermodynamic properties of Al2O3 are significantly improved under high pressure. This enhancement suggests that Al2O3 could be used more effectively in many industrial applications, including high-performance ceramics, thermal barrier coatings and as an optical material in devices such as lasers and sensors. In addition, the findings provide important insights into the behavior of Al2O3 compounds under high-pressure environments, which could enhance material design procedures for advanced technologies.
Exploring Artificial Intelligence for Enhanced Endodontic Practice: Applications, Challenges, and Future Directions
Authors: Patil Santosh R. , Karobari Mohmed Isaqali
Published: December 2024

This review explores the transformative potential of artificial intelligence (AI) in endodontics, focusing on its applications in enhancing diagnostic accuracy, treatment planning, and clinical outcomes. The primary objective is to synthesize current knowledge on AI technologies such as machine learning, deep learning, and neural networks and their integration into endodontic practice. The review methodology involves a critical analysis of existing literature, highlighting advancements in diagnostic imaging, predictive analytics, and procedural assistance. Key findings demonstrate that AI improves the precision of diagnostics, facilitates personalized treatment planning, and supports clinical decision‐making, ultimately enhancing efficiency and patient care. However, challenges such as data privacy issues, algorithmic biases, and integration barriers must be addressed to enable broader adoption. This review concludes that responsible utilization of AI technologies can revolutionize endodontic practice, with future directions emphasizing innovations in augmented reality, robotics, and telehealth to advance patient‐centered care and procedural precision.
Intellectual Capital and Social Media Analytics: The Ripple Effect on Competitive Intelligence and Banking Entrepreneurship
Authors: Al-Omoush Khaled Saleh , Alghusin Nawaf Salem
Published: December 2024

This study explores intellectual capital’s impact on social media analytics adoption in the banking industry. It also examines the impact of social media analytics on competitive intelligence and banking entrepreneurship. Furthermore, this study explores the mediating role of competitive intelligence in the impact of social media analytics on banking entrepreneurship. Data were collected from 320 bank managers and specialists and analyzed using Smart PLS, Version 4. The findings indicated that human, structural, and relational capital significantly impact the adoption of social media analytics. This study also revealed that social media analytics significantly impacts competitive intelligence and banking entrepreneurship. Furthermore, the results showed a significant mediating role of competitive intelligence in the impact of social media analytics on banking entrepreneurship. This study provides invaluable contributions for both academic discourse and industry professionals. It thoroughly investigates the interrelationships among intellectual capital, social media analytics, competitive intelligence, and banking entrepreneurship. This study advances our understanding of how these capabilities operate within the ever‐changing banking realm. Moreover, this study provides novel practical insights for bank managers and policymakers, emphasizing the importance of intellectual capital as well as the contributions of social media analytics and competitive intelligence in driving banking entrepreneurship.
Desarrollo e implementación de telesimulación con paciente entrenado en un curso de internado de farmacia en contexto de pandemia COVID19
Authors: Paredes-Kunst Cristian Leonardo , Guerra-Ferrada Carolina , Mellado-Suazo Rosmarie , Plaza-Plaza José Cristián , Paulós-Arenas Claudio
Published: December 2024

Introducción: El curso Internado Clínico de la Escuela de Química y Farmacia de la Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile (PUC), enfrentó durante 2020 su paralización debido a las cuarentenas implementadas por el Ministerio de Salud para frenar el avance del COVID19. Dada la importancia del curso, se requirió urgentemente la implementación de metodologías educativas que permitan su continuidad vía telemática. Materiales y método: Se estructuraron los objetivos en 3 etapas: 1) Diseño de la metodología, elección de la actividad, vinculación con los recursos relevantes y desarrollo; 2) Implementación: articulación de la actividad dentro del curso y 3) Evaluación. Resultados: Se desarrollaron 18 escenarios de telesimulación de patologías observadas en rotaciones previas del curso, ejecutando escenarios de entrevistas de ingreso a seguimiento farmacoterapéutico conforme a la metodología del Manual MINSAL. Cada sesión requirió 1 actor entrenado, donde participaron 3 internos y tuvo una duración de 1 hora, cada jornada se ejecutaron 3 escenarios. Cada sesión consideraba la bienvenida y contextualización, la ejecución del caso, debriefing y feedback a las habilidades comunicativas desde el actor y técnico profesional por los docentes. 48 internos participaron de esta metodología y no retrasaron su progreso curricular por la pandemia. Conclusiones: La telesimulación permitió desarrollar escenarios farmacoterapéuticos complejos de distintas enfermedades con alta fidelidad y bajo costo operacional. Incorporó nuevos polos de desarrollo educacional para nuestra unidad académica como modelaje, debriefing y feedback. Sirvió para demostrar que la telesimulación como educación de emergencia permite cumplir objetivos educacionales propuestos. Los internos y docentes reaccionaron de forma positiva a la metodología.
Figure 4 from Tumor Expression of CD83 Reduces Glioma Progression and Is Associated with Reduced Immunosuppression
Authors: McDonald Malcolm F. , Curry Rachel Naomi , O’Reilly Isabella , Lozzi Brittney , Cervantes Alexis , Lee Zhung-Fu , Rosenbaum Anna , He Peihao , Mohila Carrie , Harmanci Arif O. , Serin Harmanci Akdes , Deneen Benjamin , Rao Ganesh
Published: December 2024

Tumoral CD83 influences expression of T-cell exhaustion markers. Immunofluorescence for CD8 and CD3 in pB-IUE control, CD83OE, and Cd83KO tumors (A). Increased number of CD3 and Cd8 T cells in CD83KO compared with CD83OE (two-way RM ANOVA P value < 0.0001, tumor type P value = 0.0183. Tukey MCT CD3: CD83KO vs. CD83OEP value = 0.0094, CD83KO vs. control P value = 0.0897, and OE CD83OE vs. control P value = 0.6658. Tukey MCT CD8: CD83KO vs. CD83OEP value = 0.0270, CD83KO vs. control P value = 0.1466, and CD83OE vs. control P value = 0.7514; B). Expression of T-cell exhaustion markers in subset T-cells from scRNA-seq in pB-IUE IUE control, CD83OE, and CD83KO tumors (C). Immunofluorescence for PD-1 and TIM3 in pB-IUE control, CD83OE, and CD83KO tumors (D and F). Increased number of PD-1–positive cells in CD83KO compared with control and CD83OE tumors and in control compared with CD83OE OE (one-way ANOVA P value < 0.0001. Tukey MCT: CD83KO vs. CD83OEP value < 0.0001, CD83KO vs. control P value = 0.0120, and CD83OE vs. control P value = 0.0003; E). Increased number of TIM3-positive cells in CD83KO compared with control and control compared with CD83OE tumors and in control compared with CD83OE (one-way ANOVA P value < 0.0001. Tukey MCT: CD83KO vs. CD83OEP value < 0.0001, CD83KO vs. control P value = 0.9737, and CD83OE vs. control P value < 0.0001; G). *, P value < 0.05; **, P value < 0.01; ***, P value < 0.001; ****, P value < 0.0001. CTLA4, cytotoxic T lymphocyte–associated antigen 4. (Created with Biorender.com.)
Safety and efficacy of dose-dense methotrexate, vinblastine, doxorubicin, and cisplatin with pegfilgrastim in Japanese patients with advanced or metastatic urothelial carcinoma
Authors: Harano Takahiro , Ikeda Masaomi , Hirano Shuhei , Shimura Soichiro , Toyoda Masayoshi , Okuda Satoshi , Koguchi Dai , Tsumura Hideyasu , Ishii Daisuke , Matsumoto Kazumasa
Published: December 2024

Introduction: Dose-dense methotrexate, vinblastine, doxorubicin, and cisplatin (ddMVAC) therapy is indicated as first-line or neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) for patients with advanced or metastatic urothelial carcinoma (UC). However, no studies reported ddMVAC therapy with pegfilgrastim (3.6 mg) in Japanese patients. We investigated the safety and efficacy of ddMVAC therapy with pegfilgrastim in patients with advanced or metastatic UC.
Methods: A total of 43 patients received ddMVAC therapy with pegfilgrastim (3.6 mg) from February 2021 to August 2023. Among them, 25 and 18 patients received this regimen as first-line chemotherapy and NAC, respectively. We assessed toxicity and efficacy using Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events version 4.0 and Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors version 1.1, respectively.
Results: The median number of ddMVAC therapy cycles was 3 (range: 1–5), with a total of 131 cycles. Cisplatin at the full dose without reduction was administered to 24 (56%) patients. Grade ≥3 hematologic toxicity occurred in 15 (35%) patients. Among them, anemia, neutropenia, thrombocytopenia, and febrile neutropenia were 13.9%, 9.3%, 11.7%, and 7.0%, respectively. Regarding non-hematologic toxicity, grade 3 appetite loss was observed in 2 (5%) patients. Complete response was observed in 7 (16%) patients and partial response in 26 patients (60%), yielding an objective response rate of 76%. Pathologic complete response (pCR; ypT0pN0) was observed in 3 (16.7%) patients and downstaging occurred in 13 (72.2%) patients. The median progression-free survival and overall survival of first-line treatment with ddMVAC were 18.6 months and not reached, respectively.
Conclusion: The ddMVAC with pegfilgrastim (3.6 mg) reduced injection-related patient burden, caused fewer grade ≥3 adverse events, and demonstrated similar efficacy when compared to the original ddMVAC regimen that used G-CSF for 7 consecutive days.
Does Chemotherapy Induce Autolytic Debridement in Cancer Wounds?: A Case Study
Authors: Anam Khoirul , Yusuf Saldy
Published: December 2024

Cancer wounds are complex wounds with various challenges, and one of essential interventions used is chemotherapy. However, the clin-ical effects of chemotherapy on the status of cancer wounds have not been extensively reviewed, raising the question of whether it has bene-ficial or detrimental effects. The study wanted to identify whether chemotherapy can induce autolytic debridement. A prospective case study involved a patient who underwent four treatment sessions in a regional hospital in eastern Indonesia. Wound assessment was per-formed using the Bates-Jensen Wound Assessment Tool (BWAT). In the first wound treatment, the BWAT score was 38; by the fourth treat-ment, the score increased to 45, suggesting a worsening of the wound status. However, this anomaly is positive for the wound status, as au-tolysis occurred in the slough and necrotic tissue resulting from the chemotherapy.This case study illustrates the positive effect of chemo-therapy on necrotic and slough tissue by inducing autolytic debride-ment.
Beyond Understanding of Student Attitudes Towards 'Grammar Naziness' in Facebook Discourse - Basis for Grammar Teaching
Authors: Alimonsurin Anthony
Published: December 2024

Facebook is one of the most widely used social media applications of the learners of todays’ generation. However, the respondents showed reluctance in engaging in discussions about English grammar in the Facebook comment section, indicating a preference for private correction rather than public discourse. Additionally, the study revealed that non-native speakers of English perceived making grammar mistakes on Facebook as a valuable learning experience. Based on these findings, it can be concluded that students are receptive to corrective feedback but prefer a more discreet approach to grammar teaching on Facebook. The study also highlights the potential of Facebook as a platform for teaching English grammar, emphasizing the importance of positive reinforcement and sensitivity when providing feedback. To optimize the use of Facebook for grammar teaching, the researchers recommend careful planning to ensure students do not feel ashamed or demotivated when posting their statuses. It is crucial to incorporate positive reinforcement and consider the sensitivity of students when providing insights on teaching grammar in the Facebook context. Furthermore, it is advised to conduct a thorough investigation into the openness of respondents to accept corrective feedback on Facebook and provide an orientation to the subjects regarding the observation of their Facebook posts. Overall, this study provides valuable insights into student attitudes towards 'Grammar Naziness' on Facebook and offers practical recommendations for effective grammar teaching in an online discourse setting.
ВПЛИВ МОДУЛЯТОРІВ ОБМІНУ ГІДРОГЕН СУЛЬФІДУ НА БІОХІМІЧНІ МЕХАНІЗМИ УРАЖЕННЯ МІОКАРДА ЗА АЛКОГОЛЬНОЇ КАРДІОМІОПАТІЇ
Authors: Матяш О. Р. , Волощук Н. І.
Published: December 2024

РЕЗЮМЕ. Алкогольна кардіоміопатія є актуальною медико-соціальною проблемою через високу поширеність, частий розвиток ускладнень та велику смертність. На сьогодні залишається відкритим питання патогенезу алкогольного ураження серця, що значною мірою стримує розробку ефективних засобів фармакокорекції.
Мета – оцінити вплив модуляторів обміну гідроген сульфіду (натрій гідрогенсульфіду та пропаргілгліцину) на основні патогенетичні ланки ураження міокарда за експериментальної алкогольної кардіоміопатії.
Матеріал і методи. Експериментальні дослідження проведені на 65 білих нелінійних щурах-самцях. Відповідно до мети дослідження усі тварини були поділені на чотири групи (по 15–20 щурів у кожній): 1-ша група – контрольна; 2-га група – тварини, яким моделювали алкогольну кардіоміопатію шляхом інтрагастрального введення 20 % водного розчину етанолу (в дозі 8 г/кг/добу) протягом 90 діб; 3 та 4 групи – щури, яким після припинення алкоголізації протягом двох тижнів інтраперитонеально вводили відповідно донор H2S (NaHS – 3 мг/кг/добу) та пропаргілгліцин (50 мг/кг/добу). У сироватці крові визначали активність ферментів креатинфосфокінази (КФК) та аспартатамінотрансферази (АСТ). У пост’ядерному супернатанті гомогенату серця оцінювали вміст каспази-3, TNF-α, малонового діальдегіду (МДА), карбонільних груп білків (КГ), активності ендотеліальної та індуцибельної ізоформ NO-синтази (NOS), а також параметри метаболізму H2S: рівень H2S, активності ферментів цистатіонін-γ-ліази (ЦГЛ), цистеїнамінотрансферази, супряженої з 3-меркаптопіруватсульфуртрансферазою (ЦАТ/3-МСТ) та швидкість утилізації H2S.
Результати. Застосування NaHS та пропаргілгліцину має різновекторний вплив на патохімічні процеси в серці за алкогольної кардіоміопатії. Введення NaHS за алкогольної кардіоміопатії супроводжується вірогідним зменшенням пертурбацій метаболізму H2S у серці (вірогідно зростає рівень H2S, активності ЦГЛ, ЦАТ/3-МСТ на 20–31,1 % та достовірно зменшується швидкість утилізації H2S на 37,0 %), зниженням у серці активності запалення, апоптозу, оксидативного стресу та цитолізу (достовірно зменшуються рівні TNF-α, каспази-3, МДА, КГ та сироваткові активності КФК і АСТ на 20,3 – 59,8 %, р<0,05) та зменшенням дисбалансу в системі ізоформ NOS (вірогідно зменшується активність іNOS на 26,1 % та зростає активність еNOS на 36,4 %, р<0,05), порівняно з нелікованими тваринами. В той же час, застосування пропаргілгліцину збільшувало масштабність патохімічних порушень у серці дослідних щурів, індукованих тривалою алкоголізацією.
Висновки. Застосування донора гідроген сульфіду NaHS за алкогольної кардіоміопатії нормалізує обмін H2S у міокарді та супроводжується протизапальним, антиапоптотичним, антиоксидантним, цитопротекторним та ендотеліотропним ефектами в серці щурів. Натомість введення інгібітора синтезу H2S спричиняло протилежні зміни.
РОЛЬ SARS-CОV-2 У РОЗВИТКУ СЕНСОНЕВРАЛЬНОЇ ПРИГЛУХУВАТОСТІ
Authors: Бакалець О. В. , Федонюк Л. Я.
Published: December 2024

РЕЗЮМЕ. Вірус SARS-CoV-2 не тільки призводить до розвитку дихальної чи серцевої недостатності. Ця поліорганна інфекція супроводжується симптомами ураження сенсорних систем, в тому числі й слухової.
Мета – вивчення частоти, основних ланок патогенезу та прогнозу нейросенсорної приглухуватості, пов’язаної з SARS-CoV-2, на основі світового досвіду шляхом аналізу доступних інформаційних та літературних джерел.
Матеріал і методи. Було опрацьовано наукові публікації за останнє десятиліття в електронних базах даних біомедичних дослідженнь MEDLINE/PubMed та Index Medicus. Акцентовано на роботах, опублікованих англійською мовою, які мають високий індекс цитування.
Результати досліджень. Було встановлено, що волоскові клітини завитки на своїй мембрані містять рецептори ангіотензинперетворювального ферменту другого типу, до яких прикріплюється S-білковий тример вірусу SARS-CoV-2. За участі ще двох клітинних протеаз ініціюється пряме вірусне пошкодження та розвиток вірусно-індукованої кохлеарної сенсоневральної приглухуватості при COVID. Вірусна нейроінвазія слухового аналізатора ймовірно реалізується через аксональний ретроградний транспорт по волокнах нюхового і блукаючого нервів, лімфо- або гематогенно. По-друге, каскад непрямих пошкоджувальних факторів: синтез цитокінів, автоімунна реакція, тимчасова чи постійна ішемія, порушення згортання крові тощо поглиблюють патологічні зміни практично всіх клітин слухового шляху. Не виключена роль поствакцинальних ускладнень.
Висновки. Гетерогенність патофізіології аудіологічних змін, викликаних SARS-CoV-2, потребує подальших досліджень, які допоможуть пацієнтам і клініцистам краще зрозуміти причини, механізми та методи діагностики стійкого і транзиторного зниження слуху під час і після COVID для ефективного запобігання захворюванню та лікування кожного конкретного пацієнта.