bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Comparative Study on Strength of Concrete Using Wood Ash as Partial Replacement of Cement
Authors: Hamid Zubaid , Rafiq Suhail
Published: November 2020

The study here presents the conduct of wood ash as partial replacement by weight of cement in concrete. Portland cement as a binder in concrete is one of the fundamental development materials generally utilized particularly in creating nations. The expanding demand for cement can be met by partial replacement of cement. And also involves use of a waste product to create eco-friendly alternative supplement to binding in concrete. Two wood ashes from two different sources of woods were picked for the examination. The concrete mixes were blended with 0%, 10%, 15%, 20% and 25% from two sources of wood ash as a partial replacement by weight of cement and tested for compressive strength respectively. M25 grade of concrete was prepared for the examination. Concrete cubes were casted and cured for 7 and 28 days respectively, for test results. Shear slump was seen with the incorporation of wood ash in concrete which indicates the harshness of the mix because of less use of cement. Test outcome indicated that the wood ash is marginally pozzolanic, water demand increments as the wood ash increments in concrete mix consequently admixture was required to increase the workability of concrete mix. Just one type of wood ash indicated positive outcomes when compared with standard mix limits. Therefore 10% WA1 partial replacement showed highest value of strength however, our examination recommended wood ash as low potential to partial replacement of cement and composition of different types of wood ash may wary thus influencing the properties of concrete.
Utilization of Industrial Wastes in Manufacture of Self Compacting Concrete and Examining Its Flexural Behaviour
Authors: Subramaniyan Yuvaraj , Baskaran Jeyanth , Krishnaswami Nirmal Kumar
Published: November 2020

Recent studies indicate that marble processing industries and limestone quarries produce tons of waste in the form of powder which is found as a major concern for disposal. Considering significant high degree of fineness of these filler materials in contrast to cement, they may be employed for manufacture of Self Compacting Concrete (SCC). For the study, Self-Compacting Concrete is achieved by partially replacing Cement (70%) with filler materials like Limestone Powder (LP) and Marble Powder (MP) at different percentages by mass of cement and M-sand is used as fine aggregate as a complete replacement for river sand. The study focuses on determination of macro properties of concrete mixes and flexural behaviour of Self Compacting Concrete beams using the above materials. A total of 4 mixes were taken for the study namely Conventional mix, 15% lime powder(LP), 15% marble powder(MP) and 30%LPMP (15% LP and 15% MP). As per EFNARC conditions, following tests like Slump flow, V-funnel, L-Box tests were conducted to qualify the achieved concrete mix as SCC. At the age of 7 and 28 days respectively, strength aspects such as compressive strength, split tensile strength, and flexural strength tests of different proportioned mixes were determined. Flexural behaviour of casted SCC beams with and without filler materials was also examined and studied. Results proved that mix incorporated with lime powder and marble powder (30LPMP) reported the higher strength values than other mixes and exhibited better flexural behaviour.
Feasibility of Construction Demolition waste in Concrete as a Coarse Aggregate
Authors: Baskaran Jeyanth , Veerasamy Prabhakaran , Manibharathi Vijay
Published: November 2020

Concrete is an efficient and versatile material for construction. The rapid urbanization results in huge increase in new construction activities which ends with exploitation of natural resources, whereas demolition of structure ends up in the generation of Construction & Demolition wastes (CDW) in a huge amount that causes solid waste disposal issues. This research reveals utilization of CDW effectively in Concrete, to attain the property of natural aggregates as well as to reduce the solid waste disposal issues. Initially, the debris from the building waste is collected, crushed, and separated as C-Coarse and C-Sand. The M40 concrete specimens is done by using the cultivated aggregates in 25, 50, 75 and 100 % replacement with that of the natural aggregates. From the test result the 50% replacement of cultivated aggregate is optimum and M3 mix is a suitable mix. The effective depth of beam is also almost similar with M3 mix makes the use of CDW as a feasible one. Use of CDW will save about 12.075 m3 of fine aggregate and 21.625 m3 of coarse aggregate for every 100 m3 of concreting work makes it as a suitable alternative for the conventional aggregates. Thus, the 50% replacement of CDW for aggregates is feasible in terms of strength characteristics of concrete that makes it as best material for natural aggregates and may decrease its requirement. Further, the rise in the use of CDW will reduce the volume of solid waste generated and corresponding environmental pollution which leads to achieving the sustainability of natural resources.
Experimental Study on Mechanical Properties of Concrete Using Plastics as Fiber (PP) and Partial Replacement of Fine Aggregate (PET)
Authors: Ambika Devarajan , Sabitha Marimuthu , Pravinraj Sureshram
Published: November 2020

Worldwide research has been conducted concerning the use of Fiber and PET (Poly Ethylene Teraphthalate) in the area of strengthening of the reinforced concrete members. The PET bottles are the remaining from the storage of cold beverages or drinks or even water. On the other side ultra-high strength with high performance becomes the need of the hour in order to make the structure durable, sensitive to the environment and even economical sometimes. Composite material has been developing these days to satisfy the construction industry by producing concrete which are more flexible and durable. Disposing plastics in any form is the big challenge to the producers and users of plastic. Producing eco-friendly plastics have not reached its height in today’s scenario. Here is an attempt to dispose the same effectively by incorporating it in to the concrete as effective component. Crushed PET bottles have found its way in concrete when replaced for fine and coarse aggregates by its improvised strength. PET bottles ad fine aggregate and polypropylene fiber to enhance the tensile property of concrete has been made a try with M35 grade concrete in order to make it effective light weight and efficient concrete. The mechanical properties have been assessed and the performance of the concrete has been evaluated in this study.
Strength aspects of High Performance Concrete by using Waste Material as replacement of Fine Aggregate in various percentages
Authors: Moorthy Gnanasundar Valarmathi , Thangaraj Palanisamy , Shanmugam Thirugnanam
Published: November 2020

High Performance Concrete (HPC) is becoming extremely popular now a day in applications, which require substantial improvements in structural capacity and resistance to aggressive environments. Several researchers have tried different mineral admixtures like Fly Ash (FA), Silica Fume (SF) and Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag (GGBS) in producing HPC. These admixtures are generally by-products of other industries and hence their properties are not identical and it is very difficult to assure the quality. This paper proposes a relatively new mineral admixture called High-Reactivity Metakaolin (HRM) with potential utility in the production of High Performance Concrete. In recent years Metakaolin is identified as a new pozzolanic admixture which is cost effective, cheaper and can also be considered as best alternative to micro silica. To achieve the economy, Metakaolin which is derived from purified kaolin clay is adding with ordinary Portland cement as partial replacement. In additional strength add with Glass fiber to use for ordinary Portland cement. The Fiber used in this investigation is E – Glass fiber made from glass material of size 6mm and 12mm diameter respectively. Except for control concrete, quarry waste fine aggregate was used in all concretes as a partial replacement of natural sand. The effects of quarry waste fine aggregate on several fresh and hardened properties of the concretes were investigated. It was found that quarry waste fine aggregate and waste recycling coarse aggregate enhanced the slump and slump flow of the fresh concretes. But the unit weight and air content of the concretes were not affected. The overall test results revealed that quarry waste fine aggregate can be utilized in concrete mixtures as a good substitute of natural sand. The experimental work comprises of Compressive Strength test, Split Tensile strength test and Flexure test was conducted. In this experimental investigation, M30 grade were obtained by replacing 0 to 15% replacement of quarry dust instead of Fine aggregate, 0 to 10% of Metakaolin added as supplementary in cement. It shows better result in the mix of 7.5% of Metakaoiln, 0.5% of fiber and 10% of quarry dust in concrete.
Utilization of waste for building materials – a review
Authors: Priya Pandiaraj Karthigai , Vanitha Sankararajan , Meyyappan Palaniappan
Published: November 2020

Since ancient times naturally available materials are being used for the purpose of construction. Due to overutilization of these resources leads to its unavailability or depletion of these materials. On the other hand, lots of industrial wastes, municipal solid wastes are generated which are sent to landfill. The produced industrial and municipal wastes are not disposed properly. If they are not disposed safely or properly it will pose threats to the human community and also to the environment. These wastes need to be managed properly for safe disposal or alternate ways need to be identified for its utilization. This paper reviews the various types of waste that are used in construction and their usage as building material, its various application and the extent they can be used in building materials are discussed. Sugarcane bagasse ash, municipal solid waste incinerator ash, paper pulp, ground granulated blast furnace slag, copper slag are the wastes reviewed in this study. Many past researches have been identified for utilizing these industrial wastes sustainably in construction sector for manufacturing of bricks, concrete, special concrete etc. The general conclusion from the studies were that GGBS is a good alternative pozzolanic material for cement while the copper slag can be used in many forms as a replacement material in concrete. The MSWI ash is most suitable for use in cement and clay bricks whereas the sugarcane bagasse ash can be ideally used both in cement and clay bricks.
Strength Analysis on Concrete with Full Replacement of River Sand
Authors: Vellingiri Jayanthi , Murthy Balraj Narayana , Kumar Kathiravan Sampath , Samy Arun Prabhakaran Rathana
Published: November 2020

Our nation is enhanced with many natural resources. Because of industrial development, natural resources are being looted. One of the natural resources is sand used in the construction of buildings and road pavements which is quarried from the river bed causes depletion of bed, lowering the water table, and bed coarsening. So, the emerging need is to find an alternative material equivalence to sand and confirming an economical and environmental indebted solution. Simultaneously, squander from ventures makes hurt nature. To manage both the issues, the waste is prescribed to supplant the fine total really taking shape of cement. From the past studies, it is confirmed that the replacement of river sand with other fine materials increases the compressive strength of concrete. This project manages the supplanting of waterway sand with other waste, which is gathered from the business and dump yard which are liberated from harmful materials. The inclusion of this waste in the concrete showed better performance in terms of compressive strength. Among all the waste, the iron slag gives more strength compares to the others. In this way, in the development field, the iron slag will be proposed as a brilliant material regarding cost-effectiveness, accessibility, the productivity of the material, and so on.
Performance Study on Utilisation of Dry Precipitate as Fine Aggregate in Concrete
Authors: Suresh Vigneshkannan , Arumugam Rangaraj , Settu Kanchidurai , Neelamegam Prakhash , Thatheyus Anto Joseph
Published: November 2020

The objective of the research work is to produce a concrete with the use of dry precipitate as replacement of fine aggregate with optimum dosage of mineral admixture that enhances the mechanical properties of concrete thereby eliminating the early shrinkage occurring in hardened concrete. A dry precipitate encourage is viewed as the build-up delivered by the STP, amid which fluids and solids are being isolated. Thus, the solid can be further dried into a coarse powdered form. This powdered form of similar property satisfies the fine aggregate. To Study the strength, conduct of fine aggregate by supplanting of 0, 5%, 15% and 20.0% in M35 grade of concrete then determination of fine aggregate to examination this proposition on impact of fine aggregate at different laboratory tests as for compressive strength test, flexural strength test and split tensile strength test at various phases of restoring 7th and 28th days will be breaking down. When the added dry precipitate as fine aggregate which is a sewage treatment plant disposal waste is used in concrete and our nation to become saved from land pollution and also good produces an Ever “greener concrete: to Civil field”.
Utilization of plastic waste and polystyrene in making light weight red soil fly ash bricks
Authors: Thatheyus Anto Joseph , Kandasamy Mohan , Sivarethinamohan Sujatha , Ramakrishan Devananth , Suresh Vigneshkannan
Published: November 2020

The plastic industry is the important sector in India which is more valuable and playing vital role in economy of our country. Even though it is an important industry, it produces few environmental brunt causing land and water impairment with some ill effects. The methods following for dumping, leads to ground water contamination and thereby cause other adverse effects. Many investigations have been organized in this area and found that the contamination level is greater in ground water and having problem mainly in dumping area premises. In the current study, an experiment had been made to reuse the plastic waste chips in manufacturing of building materials. The objective of this project is to identify the possibilities of using the waste plastic obtained from plastic product manufacturing industry as a brick material. The various test had been carried out such as compressive strength test, crushing strength test, water absorption test, efflorescence test, hardness test, soundness test and fire test for proving the modified bricks with conventional brick. The final outcome the test results shows that the lightest brick samples among the all tested four various samples produced the strength of 68.8% greater than the third class brick and its weight is around 33% of the conventional bricks. Light weight bricks are making by using lime, fly ash, red soil, polystyrene layer, decreased the self weight of the building which improved stability in earthquake situations.
Study on Partial Replacement of Natural Aggregate Concrete (NAC) With Recycled Aggregate Concrete (RAC)
Authors: Ramasamy Monisha , Jaganathan Dhanusuya , Soundararajan Kaasurajan , Shanmugam DhivyaBharathi
Published: November 2020

This paper is about the use of the recycled aggregate concrete(RAC) instead of using the normal conventional concrete to reduce the usage of naturally available aggregate and it’s an alternate to preserve our natural resources, utilize the construction and demolition waste(C&D). The upgradation of living life needs a replacement and new design to remove or rehabilitate the old buildings. Will lead to tones of C& D wastes; there is limited place to dispose it. Main reason is to tackle the problems based on the waste management that has become one of the tremendous problems that cannot be resolved. The squanders that can be reused once on the off chance that it is utilized is generally best in this colossal populace society don’t have the foggiest idea where to dump every one of these squanders. Instead of disposal, our government along with researchers started utilizing this waste again in the construction in the form of Recycle aggregates like fine particle and Recycle concrete aggregate. Most of the states in India having plants in disposal area to recycle this C&D waste. From the studies it says that recycle aggregate concrete can be used for M25, M30, M35, M40 and also use in Self compacting concrete. In this paper we did experimental studies on Recycle aggregate concrete (M25) near area has been used and identify its basic properties. The cement is supplanted with reused coarse total (RCA) of two unique proportions (40, 60& 80) and their compressive quality and brace rigidity of the solid are tried. The outcomes show that the RCA of proportion 80 % has higher quality than the solid with half substitution.
Research Analysis of Paper Sludge and Paper Ash Bricks
Authors: Ganesan Yogabalaji , Sakthivel Kirubhakaran , Murugan Vivekanandhan , Duraisamy Saranyadevi
Published: November 2020

Construction sector is found to be the largest consumer of non-renewable resources at any age of development. Among the total cost of construction, 80% of cost is only due to the construction materials and the rest is due to the hands and brains behind it. In order to reduce the consumption rate of resources, alternative sources of materials are being investigated. With this note, the use of recycled paper in nominal brick began. Among 3.04 trillion trees around the world, 4 billion trees are being consumed for paper each year. i.e.15 full grown trees for a single ton of paper. Recycling of such paper can be done by adding them into the brick by ratio less than 50%. They have good chemical bonding with concrete. While maintaining the strength to the required limit. This concept makes the system more sustainable and cheap to produce.
CFST Compression members with steel slag as a partial replacement for fine aggregate
Authors: Arumugam Vijayakumar , Muthukumaran Nithya , Ellappan Prabakaran
Published: November 2020

Global warming and environmental destruction have become major issues in the last few decades. Use of more and more economical friendly materials in construction is important. Presently in India, steel slag production is about 12 million tonnes per annum, due to limited modes of practices of utilization, steel slags are dumped in yards of each production and engage large area. To overcome these problems steel slag can be used in construction. This paper deals with the study of axial compressive behaviour of Composite column with partial replacement of fine aggregate by steel slag in concrete-filled steel tubular column with different cross-sections. Partial replacement of fine aggregate in Concrete filled steel tubular column will reduce the damage to the ecological balance due to excessive sand lifting from river beds, affecting the ground level. Tests are carried out on the specimens with varying cross-sections and hollow tubular members under axial compression.
Expansive Subgrade Strength Improvement using Geogrid and Geotextile Layers
Authors: Jayakumar Jayashree , Venkatesh Jeevanantham , Selvaraju Yamini Roja
Published: November 2020

Clay is fine grained soil, which is plastic due to its cohesive nature at relative moisture content. Clay soils exhibits alternate swell and shrink in variation with moisture content and possess low CBR value. In this study, stabilization of subgrade has been done by the introducing geosynthetics as layers. Non-woven geotextiles and geogrids layers are the geosynthetics used. Engineering properties such as shear strength and CBR value and index properties such as Atterberg limits and grain size distribution of the clay specimen are evaluated. CBR Test value obtained for control sample is 3.54 %, when the geogrid were placed at top & middle, CBR Values had been increased 4 % and 5.56 % respectively. The performance of Geogrid is increased when it placed together with geotextile as combined layer. CBR test conducted over the combined layers positioned at top and middle give the value 6.31 % and 6.9 % respectively.
A critical review on soil stabilization using bacteria
Authors: Soundara Balu , Kulanthaivel Ponnusamy , Nithipandian Subramaniam , Soundaryan Venkatasalapathi
Published: November 2020

To gratify the escalating need for land, it is vital to improve the lands with loose weak soils. These problematic loose soils can be optimized by nurturing the shear strength, lessening the time and potential for settlement and also reducing the hydraulic conductivity of soil, by using Microbial induced calcite precipitation (MICP) process. This process of MICP is carried out by adding bacterial solution into soil specimen which is continued with inoculation of cementation reagents having urea and one calcium salt (CaCl2) for enormous times. As a result, calcite precipitate (CaCO3) is formed in the soil and stabilize the soil. In this study, a number of factors that are responsible for better formation of calcite precipitate are examined. This process mainly depends upon soil type, bacteria species, concentration of cementation solution, injection methods and also on pH, temperature conditions and curing period. The aim of this paper is to review the main factors that influence the MICP process, such as soil properties, bacterial species, nutrients, concentration of cementation solution, pH, temperature and injection methods.
Influence of Natural Fibres in Strengthening of Black Cotton Soil
Authors: Ellappan Prabakaran , Arumugam Vijayakumar , Muthukumaran Nithya
Published: November 2020

The expansive soil like black cotton soil spread over southern Indian terrain. As a fast-growing nation like India, the need for infrastructure activities quickly takes place. For better structural capacity the geotechnical features are important. The soil stabilization is a technique in the part of improving the soil engineering properties like California Bearing Ratio (CBR), shear strength and compaction factors. In the present study, the black cotton soil stabilized with fibres to improve the engineering properties of soil. The study carried with natural fibres like sisal, banana and jute fibres. The ratio of 0.2%, 0.4% and 0.6% added in the dry weight of soil fraction with the soil for the strength gaining. The addition fibres increase the strength in the reasonable value for CBR up to 21.55% in 0.4% of banana, 0.6% of sisal and 0.6% of jute fibre combination. Optimum Moisture Content (OMC) increased up to 20% for the same combination. The results provide the combined scattered fibre effect to increase the strength parameters of soil.
ANN Based Model for Prediction of Energy Requirement for Water-Energy Nexus Studies
Authors: Sivapragasam Chandrasekaran , Baranitharan Balakrishnan , Rajesh Krishnasamy
Published: November 2020

Water and energy are intricately connected. In order to have systematic planning of water resources to meet the future energy demands in a region, it is necessary to forecast the energy requirements appropriately. This work proposes development of an effective forecasting model. At the first level, forecasting of energy requirement is done with energy availability as the input information. At the second level, it is desired to forecast the energy requirement with weather parameters such as temperature and rainfall as the inputs. The variation in these parameters has a significant influence on the energy requirements. The proposed models are developed for 2 States in India with monthly data on energy requirement, energy availability and weather parameters for 11 years. Artificial Neural Network (ANN) is used as the forecasting tool because of its wide usage and acceptability by various researchers as an effective modelling tool and is implemented using MATLAB platform in this study. The results indicate that the propose ANN models are able to predict the energy requirements for two states with a CC of about 0.70, but fails to predict the peak, which needs further investigations. The importance of considering weather parameter changes as important source of information for planning water and energy related studies is found to be necessary.
Facing Energy Trilemma with Solar Power Generation as Future Main Player in Infrastructure Development
Authors: Amran Mohd , Radzi Mohd
Published: November 2020

Energy trilemma provides huge challenges for policy makers and implementers to reform the energy systems. One of the key efforts is to improve renewable energy (RE) participation, which is not only applicable in infrastructure development of urban areas, but also covering rural areas. Meanwhile, the growth of solar power generation can be seen clearly, and the increased generation could contribute significantly to supply electricity in both urban and rural areas with different challenges. Thus, this paper will address the strategies of facing Energy Trilemma and followed by role of photovoltaic (PV) systems in supplying electricity for urban and rural areas. The works done will be seen important equally in order to finally address full coverage of electricity with stable and reliable systems.
PV-Wind-Battery based Bidirectional DC-DC Converter for Grid Connected Systems
Authors: Thaveedu Alex Stanley Raja , Ramaswamy Senthil Kumar , Thirumurugan Shivaprakash
Published: November 2020

The control strategy of solar, wind, battery that connected with bi-directional DC to DC converter are used for grid connected power flow management. Generally all sources of produce the power that should satisfy the load demand without scarifies our basic needs. The power can be acquired from different source and should manage the power flow to the all places in the horizontal level. The surplus power is injected to the grid and the battery should charge from grid, it can be used for latter when it required. A half bridge boost converter coupled with transformer is utilized to collect the power from wind, meanwhile a bi-directional buck-boost converter is utilized to collect the power from solar and battery charging/discharging. AC power is fed to AC load through single phase full bridge bidirectional converter and this helps to communication with grid. The proposed method that reduces the number of switches components losses and mainly the power conversion stage. The simulation results are obtained by using MATLAB/Simulink that shows the performance of control strategy of power flow management in different modes.
Household Energy Conservation Using Piezoelectric Tiles and solar Tracker
Authors: Shanmugam Saranya , Selvaraj Vigneshwaran , Kasirajan Roobini , Sivakumar Harikirubha , Kandasamy Keerthana
Published: November 2020

For a growing nation like India, energy criterion determines the development of the country. The demand for energy in our country is exponentially growing. Conservation of energy could be the best solution to increased energy demand. In this paper, we use piezoelectric tiles and solar tracking systems in the household requirements for energy conservation. The piezoelectric tiles convert surface stress into electrical energy and solar tracker tracks the sun whole day and convert heat energy to electrical energy. We save that energy in the battery for household purposes for future uses. Here we use IR sensors and LDR sensors in various places in the house such as the kitchen, the entrance of the bathroom, and house entrance, etc. When these sensors sense, the light turns ON when we enter or in the bathroom, kitchen, house, hall, etc. The LDR sensor is most commonly used as light-sensitive devices to indicate the absence or presence of light or to measure the light intensity. Depending upon the light intensity the lights will turn ON or OFF condition. If it is daytime, the LDR sensor senses the higher light intensity, so the lights will not be turned on even if the IR sensor senses. This simple model based on sensors is designed to cut energy consumption. The proposed system as energy harvesting and energy conservation is subdivided into two stages. In this paper, the survey on Indian electricity consumption and weight analysis of piezoelectric tiles is conducted.
Performance studies of Solar Air Collector through Design of Experiment approach
Authors: Gorawar M B , Balikai Veeresh G , Revankar P P , Khatawate Vinayak H
Published: November 2020

Energy has made an immutable place in the human society as a driver to socio-economic engine that control each and every activity of existing biosphere on the planet Earth. The human activities during first Industrial Revolution (early part of 18th century to mid-19th century) were limited due small scale of production. However subsequent developments that followed as I-2.0, I-3.0 and Industry-4.0 were in a totally different arena where energy demand grew at exponential rate and climatic restrictions to power generation became more stringent. The sustainability principles are today the order of the day owing to excessive environmental degradation due to alarming rate of fossil fuel usage. The carbon footprint has a marked impact on each and every process envisaged by engineering community under the concept termed as eco-friendly design. The promotion of renewable energy has been one of the promising strategies to mitigate the environmental impact due to the use of fossil fuels. The United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) has promulgated the 17 Sustainable Development Goals that aim to bring in improved overall living standards. The work presented deals with application of Design of Experiment concept in optimizing the suitable operating conditions for solar air heater. The approach has been reported to be a novel route in product realization and its optimization that ensures better resource utilization with least environmental and social impact. The study has resulted in appropriate choice of air flow rate in solar flat plate air heater useful for crop drying.
Simulation of solar irradiation assessment for power generation
Authors: Shet Amit , Balikai Veeresh G , Gorawar M B , Revankar P P , Khatawate Vinayak H
Published: November 2020

Solar Energy forms the perennial source to all living processes existing on Earth, directly or indirectly owing to its widespread usage to support the primary energy producers of the eco-system. The solar energy has been an important driver to all activities, supporting the civilizations as it has been used in different applications ranging from, drying of hide to sophisticated application of powering a satellite. The world today has found relief, through use of eco-friendly sources, of which solar energy has been primary form. The study has identified typical solar system design for household application through computational tool. The solar power module performance and variation in incident solar intensity on both horizontal and inclined surfaces are compared with load variation. The energy gain by integrating equations for Hubballi city was evolved, along with its comparison with locations like Delhi and Hamburg (Germany). It was observed that existing fixed SPV device was inadequate to meet the anticipated energy demand. The four different types of solar tracking modes were investigated using Empirical equations on MATLAB computational tool as a measure to enhance energy gain at the location. It was observed that operating in sun-tracking mode, SPV module programmed on basis of the objective function to minimize incidence angle, yielded higher solar energy throughout the year.
Offshore Integrated Renewable Power System
Authors: Karumalai Deepandurai , Palanisamy Arun Prasath , Palanisamy Ajith Kumar , Muthusamy Deepak
Published: November 2020

This paper deals with integration of three energy sources for generating surplus amount of energy. As, India is a fast developing country though it needs millions of kilowatts of electricity per year for its industries. The increase in population, rapid industrialization and upgradation to E-vehicles needs ten times the electricity than we use today. Day by Day the amount of toxic substances released by non-renewable sources into the environment were tremendously increased. So, in order to overcome all this problem we have integrated the three renewable energy sources into a single system named as ‘Integrated Renewable Power System’(IRPS) and trying to implement in offshore. The Oceans will produce constant energy with this system as wind is season based but placing this system in seashore and Delta regions it will constantly produce power and will result in solar efficiency and reduction in Tidal setup cost.
Fault detection and Induction motor safety using Programmable Logic Controller and Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition system
Authors: Simon Edwardwilson Solomon , Rangasamy Shivakumar , Boopathy Niruba , Chinnarasu Priya , Venkatachalam Sharmila
Published: November 2020

Aiming at high accuracy and time consumption in classical method by eliminating the mechanical components, this work focuses on an automation process for fault detection and Induction motor safety using PLC and SCADA. The software of the system uses RS Logix 500 English to construct a ladder logic program and In-touch to design the operation process taking place in Induction motor. The communication between these two software is achieved by Dynamic Data Exchange. The problems such as voltages, currents, over speed, vibration alert and temperature sensing values of the Induction motor are monitored. By communicating the Programmable Logic Controller (PLC) to Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition System (SCADA) the warning messages are displayed on the computer screen. This PLC and SCADA system based protection method provides a visual environment to analyze and rectify the faults occurring in a three phase induction motor comparing to a Programmable Integrated Circuit (PIC) based protection system.
Identification of Air Pollution Index of certain local available plants at industrial area on the basis of Air Pollution Tolerance index
Authors: Gautam Poonam , Shukla A K
Published: November 2020

Air pollution is a grave problem which affects the health of living organisms (human, animal and plants). Plants act as bio indicator and reduces air pollution due to their physiological and biochemical characteristic. The study was conducted at Talkatora industrial area, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India. The ambient air quality status and annual average concentration of major air pollutants (SO2, NO2 and PM2.5) was monitored for 2019 at the Industrial site. The annual average concentration of PM2.5 was reported 119.54 μg/m3, and for NO2 was 42.69μg/m3which is higher than the prescribed CPCB limits. The concentration of gaseous pollutant (SO2) is found to be within the permissible range of 50μg/m3 at the industrial site as concentration of sulphur dioxide was 13.34 μg/m3. Air Pollution Tolerance Index (APTI) of 6 plant species which was pick out from both experimental as well as control site was calculated to determine their biochemical parameters viz. Total chlorophyll content, leaf extract pH, ascorbic acid and RWC (relative water content). According to APTI Ficus religiosa and Azadirachta indica were tolerant species as their APTI was greater than 17 and P. pinnata be the sensitive species reporting APTI lower than 11. In Pearson correlation of biochemical parameter, it shows that Ascorbic acid (R2 = 0.9763) shows significance correlation with APTI.
GIS based evaluation of contamination of fluoride in groundwater quality and occurrence of dental fluorosis in Coimbatore district, TamilNadu, India
Authors: Kinattinkara Sapna , Arumugam Thangavelu , Balakrishnan Sujithra
Published: November 2020

Groundwater is the major source of drinking water in urban and rural India. Groundwater is primarily used for various purposes like drinking, washing, irrigation, etc. Groundwater can become contaminated in many ways. The study has been carried out to assess the fluoride in groundwater of Coimbatore district. The secondary data of groundwater has been collected from PWD, Chennai, Tamil Nadu for the years of 2014 to 2018. Geographic information system (GIS) approach is used to develop spatial information and knowledge about fluoride in groundwater quality. Fluoride plays an important role in human metabolism within the permissible limit. But it is exceeded by many activities mainly by the human activities. High level of fluoride cause major impact on human health. It can replace calcium ion in bones and teeth, which can lead to fluorosis. Therefore this study was aimed to identify the high and low risk of fluoride contamination in groundwater. The study revealed that high level of fluoride 2014 (2.83mg/l), 2015 (1.86mg/l), 2016 (3.6mg/l), 2017 (1.56mg/l), and 2018 (1.68mg/l). It provides an understanding into the problem of fluorosis among people in the study area, where fluorosis is a public health problem of significant impact. Ambrampalayam, Puliampatti, Puravaipalayam, Ettimadai, Sirumugai and Therampalayam where the places shows the high level fluoride and people experiences the symptoms of dental fluorosis. There is compulsory need for defluoridation of the groundwater before consumption.
Surveillance of groundwater quality of selected rural and industrial areas of Coimbatore: A GIS Approach
Authors: Kinattinkara Sapna , Arumugam Thangavelu , Poongodi Kaarmuhil Shanmugam
Published: November 2020

Ground water is the water present inside the solid surface in the pore soil space. In cities, the people use ground water for their domestic use, in village the people use ground water for the agriculture process. Industries use ground water for their production purpose. The present study has been carried out to evaluate hydrochemical characteristic of ground water of Coimbatore district, TamilNadu, India. Geographical information system (GIS) has been applied to visualize the spatial distribution of groundwater quality in the study area. Twenty different samples were collected and analyzed for different hydrochemical parameters. The ground water in the study area is alkaline in nature. Nine samples within the area have more than maximum level of total dissolved solids. Five samples are having sodium in above maximum allowable limit. Only six samples have permissible limit in potassium in the area. Based on chloride, 90% of samples are within permissible limit. In total hardness, seven samples were exceed the allowable limit. In this agriculture area and industrial area water qualities are not much different maybe all agriculture area also has some industries or dump yard is a reason. The results obtained in this study and the spatial database established in GIS will be helpful for monitoring and managing ground water pollution in this study area.
Assessment of groundwater quality for drinking purposes in Amaravathi river basin
Authors: Annamalai Valliammai , Dhanaraju Muthumanickam , Alphonse Christopher Lourduraj , Shanmugam Panneerselvam
Published: November 2020

Groundwater assessment has become a demanding issue due to the scarcity of freshwater. Heavy textile based industrialization in Amaravathi river basin has caused over exploitation, decline in water levels and deterioration of water quality. Pre and Post monsoon analysis of samples from 31 observation wells over the period of thirty years (1988-2017) revealed that pH (8.18-8.22), Ca (67.87-73.79 mg/L), SO4 (122.37-125.64 mg/L), HCO3 (226.36-243.85 mg/L) and F (0.31-0.42 mg/L) are within the admissible limits and EC (0.05-0.50 d Sm-1), TH (489.4-518.29 mg/L), TDS (1021-1022 mg/L), Cl (304.68-306.51 mg/L), NO3 (24.90-26.21 mg/L)and Mg (78.76-82.75 mg/L) exceeds the admissible limits for the entire basin during Pre and Post monsoon periods. The quality of groundwater is classified as excellent (<25), good (25-50), Poor (50-75) very poor (75-100) or unfit (>100) for human consumption based on the calculated Water Quality Index values (WQI). Hydro chemical assessment of groundwater quality for domestic and drinking utility were worked out using WQI and ranged from 8.1 to 56.8 during Pre monsoon and 9.0 to 66.7 during post monsoon periods, indicating the water quality of excellent to poor and excellent to very poor categories for potable purposes during pre and post monsoon respectively. Instantaneously some proportion of excellent water quality wells are shifted into good quality wells over three decades.
Solvent Extraction and Characterization of Essential Oil from Allamanda voilacea
Authors: Abinaya Duraisamy , Harshini Jayaprakash , Narayanan Natarajan , Manikandan Dhayalan , SenthilKumar Dineshkumar
Published: November 2020

The objective of this study is extraction and characterization to identify the chemical composition present in the leaves extract of Allamanda voilacea (Apocynaceae family) collected from Pollachi, Tamil Nadu. The extraction process is achieved by solvent extraction method using soxhlet apparatus, followed by characterization using gas-chromatography – (GC-MS) Gas-Mass spectrometry. Iso-propyl alcohol ((CH3)2-CH-OH) was used as a solvent in the extraction process. A total of 21 compounds were extracted from the leaves extract. The major compounds in the extract include Eticyclidine (23.96%), Alpha. Terpineol(17%),1,4-Methano-1H-indene, octahydro-4-methyl-8-methylene-7-(1-methylethyl)-,[1S(1.alpha.,3a.beta.,4.alpha.,7.alpha.,7a.beta.)] (10.96%), Endo-borneol (8.74%),.alpha.-ylangene (7.77%), Benzene,1-chloro-3,5-difluoro-(7.37%), 2,5-di-tert-Butylnitrobenzene (5.46%). Considering the properties of the above compounds, they can be used in perfume and drug industries.
Food Processing Industry Waste and Circular Economy
Authors: Narasimmalu Abishek , Ramasamy Rajam
Published: November 2020

The continuous rise in world human population increases the demand for food supply thereby increasing food wastage throughout the supply chain which results in environmental pollution and scarcity of natural resources. In addition, food processing industries produce huge quantity of inedible food waste. Land filling and incineration are not the promising approaches of food waste management system for environmental sustainability and economic viability. Recycle and reuse are the major principles of circular economy which focus on the energy and resource recovery from food waste for sustainable environment. Food wastes are mostly rich in organic matters such as carbohydrates, proteins and lipids which can be used as a feed stock for production and/or recovery of bio fertilizers, biofuels, bio gas, valuable bioactive compounds, natural nutrients and industrial enzymes by adapting suitable technologies including composting, anaerobic digestion, and fermentation. In addition, an integrated biological approach for recovery of energy and resources from food waste with the concept of zero solid discharge is found to be economically viable. This review highlights the technological advances in management of food waste including processing methods and product recovery.
Enhancement of soil properties using bottom ash, fly ash and coconut ash - An application of waste to wealth
Authors: Dharsini Manohar Kavya , Akalya Karuppusamy , Ragul Panneer Selvam , Sathyaseelan Kasinathan , Narayanan Natarajan , Kumar Dineshkumar Senthil
Published: November 2020

Abundant waste materials are being produced nowadays due to rapid commercialisation and urbanisation. Disposal of these waste materials is a challenging task since it causes both air and water pollution. Since the production of waste materials is inevitable, a suitable strategy has to adopted to convert this waste into wealth. In this study, the red soil was collected from the field and the same was composted with organic matter to enhance its organic carbon content. Further, bottom ash, fly ash and coconut waste ash (CWA) has been added to the composted soil in a ratio of 1:4. Subsequently, the organic carbon content and strength parameters of the mixtures were determined. Soil organic carbon content was determined using Walkley Black method while the strength parameters were determined using standard proctor compaction test (SPCT) and Vane shear test. The N, P and K of the original collected soil were 160 kg ha-1, 14 kg ha-1, and 139 kg ha-1 respectively. The soil organic carbon content is highest with 65% when composted soil is mixed with bottom ash. The maximum dry density of soil increased from 0.765 to 0.81 due to addition of bottom ash. The Shear strength increases gradually with the increase in percentage of Coconut Waste Ash (CWA) and torque of soil also attained the effective value.
Experimental study on the change in soil properties due to dumping of organic solid wastes
Authors: Ramaswamy Geethamani , Vadivel Sowbiyalakshmi , Chandramohan Sowmini , Ramasamy Subaharini
Published: November 2020

Urbanization and population growth leads to increase in solid waste generation. In order to maintain the environment clean, technique called open dumping is used widely to dump the waste material. Dumping waste in the soil has various effects which results in change in soil characteristics, generation of leachate and also affects the ground water quality. In this study, an attempt has been made to compare the properties of natural soil and waste dump soil. The collected sample has been tested for pH, chloride, electrical conductivity, hardness, alkalinity and acidity. In this experimental study, the collected soil sample was placed in a glass container to make visual inspection. The change in soil properties were investigated by dumping organic solid waste such as food waste, vegetable waste etc., on the soil surface. Test results showed that, the physic chemical and engineering properties of the soil had been changed due to contamination and the variation was not relevant since the study period was very less. Hence to predict the change in the property of contaminated soil, long term studied has to be made in the future and it has to be checked for its suitability to agricultural activities.
Nutrient Recycling From Cashew Biomass Using Vermicomposting Technology-Proposal for Sustainable Development
Authors: Ganesan Subbulakshmi , Raghavan Thiruneelakandan , kumarRamanujam Praveen , Gopalakrishnan Padmapriya
Published: November 2020

Cashew farming is one of the major crop cultivation in Cuddalore district of Tamilnadu in India. Cashew cultivation turns out a large quantity of waste will cause environmental pollution due to not have of administration by farmers; wastes are disposed of by dumping and burning. Dumping of waste will contaminate the soil and water bodies. Burning of waste is not an environmentally friendly method; it can cause land, water, and air pollution. To avoid such circumstances, a sustainable alternative way of the method is to be an approach to convert waste into useful products. Vermicomposting is a well known composting technique for stabilizing different degradable organic wastes. Biological waste treatment technologies such as vermicomposting are extensively observed as a clean and imperishable method to manage cashew biomass and review the result of organic manure on the application of cashew grafts growths.