bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Parallel speedup analysis of an adjoint ensemble-based source identification algorithm
Authors: Penenko Alexey , Gochakov Alexander
Published: January 2021

In the approach to the inverse problems, based on the sensitivity operators, the inverse problem is transformed into the family of quasi-linear operator equations. The sensitivity operator is constructed of the ensemble of the adjoint problem solutions corresponding to different adjoint problems source functions. Hence, from the theoretical point of view, sensitivity operator-based algorithms can be efficiently parallelized. The paper’s objective is to carry out the experimental study of the algorithm computation time for the different number of computation cores.
Parallel implementation of a numerical method for solving transport equations for the mesoscale meteorological model TSUNM3
Authors: Starchenko A V , Danilkin E A , Prohanov S A , Leshchinskiy D V
Published: January 2021

A parallel algorithm for numerical solution of a generalized unsteady 3-dimensional advection-diffusion equation for a mesoscale meteorological model TSUNM3 is considered. Efficiency of parallel implementation of the solver with Message Passing Interface (MPI), Open Multi-Processing (OpenMP), Open Accelerators (OpenACC), and NVidia Compute Unified Device Architecture (CUDA) technologies was compared. The efficiency of the MPI-parallelized code of TSUNM3 model with a two-dimensional domain decomposition strategy applied is not less than 75% on 256–512 processes on Cyberia supercomputer of Tomsk State University.
Preface for International Conference on Recent Trends in Applied Research (ICoRTAR2020) Proceedings
Authors: Chakraverty S , González-Gaxiola O , Edeki SO , Owino JN , Fotso TJ , Adinya I , Jena RM , Zelibe SC , Jena SK
Published: January 2021

The 1st International Conference on Recent Trends in Applied Research (ICoRTAR2020) is a virtual conference based on enabling platforms to present research results relating to global issues. ICoRTAR2020 is hosted by Research Acad HUB with channels and human resources in Nigeria, Mexico, India, and Cameroon. Thus, the conference was held virtually from September 18-19, 2020. ICoRTAR2020 aims to bring together faculty members, leading scientists, academicians, research & graduate scholars, industrial professionals, and decision-makers to discuss current trends in research with implications on global phenomena such as COVID-19, economic growth & development, and so on. Basically, the ICORTAR2020 participants discussed extensively vital topics on recent trends and issues in Applied Science, Applied Mathematics, Computational Science, Engineering Science, Physics and Nanoscience, Financial Modeling and, Artificial Intelligence, and Stochastic Dynamics.
Influence of two modes of instructional methods on students’ academic achievement in senior secondary school mathematics in Afijio Local Government Area of Oyo
Authors: Jonah B. A. , Ogundile O. P.
Published: January 2021

The increase in the failure rate of students sitting for final year exams, for example, West Africa Senior School Certificate Examination (WASSCE) in mathematics, is a serious concern to both students, teachers, and parents. A review of the WASSCE results statistics by the National Bureau of Statistics (2016-2018) indicated that the achievement of learners in mathematics knowledge, especially in Oyo State in private senior secondary schools, continued to reduce. For example, the percentage of students who have 5% credits and above, including Mathematics is 24% in 2016, the performance reduced to 16.8% in 2017 while in 2018 the result remained at 17.2% [1]. Also, a review of the Chief Examiner’s comment on students’ weaknesses in general mathematics paper two from (2009-2018) shows that students’ weaknesses are primarily expressed in the areas of circle geometry and its application, word problems, and interpretation of graphs [2]. In dealing with these weaknesses, the Chief Examiner suggested that teachers should use instructional aids in teaching and learning processes, teachers should give more worked examples during class lessons and a more appropriate teaching method be employed. Therefore, this research work was carried out to examine if a change in teaching method will influence students’ academic performance in Mathematics. In this research, the two methods adopted by the researcher are the Traditional (chalk and talk) method and the Montessori (self-discovery) method. The tools used for data collection were Mathematics Achievement Test (M. A. T), interview, and field observation. Analysis of the results gathered revealed that students that were taught using the Montessori method had a cumulative 57.1% pass. In comparison, their counterparts who used the traditional way had an overall 49.6% pass. These findings revealed that participants from the experimental group performed better than students in the control group.
Trends and usage pattern of SPSS and Minitab Software in Scientific research
Authors: Okagbue Hilary I. , Oguntunde Pelumi E. , Obasi Emmanuela C. M. , Akhmetshin Elvir M.
Published: January 2021

Most scientific research generates data. Analysis of the data from scientific research helps create new knowledge or a deep understanding of natural phenomena. Statistical software is used mainly in data analysis. SPSS and Minitab appear to be most popular, especially for those that could neither code nor mathematical inclined to handle advanced software such as R, MATLAB, Maple, etc. Trends and usage pattern of SPSS and Minitab Software in Scientific research was studied in this paper with the data obtained from the Scopus database. In their abstracts or keywords, documents that have mentioned SPSS were extracted for the years 2010 to 2019. Frequency analysis showed that the trend of using SPSS and Minitab is steadily increasing, although the use of Minitab is a fraction of SPSS. Minitab is mostly used in engineering, materials science, and computer science, while SPSS is mainly used in medicine, social science, and engineering. Analysis of the document type showed that SPSS and Minitab are mostly stated in abstracts or keywords of research articles, conference papers, review papers, and books indexed in Scopus.
Application of the regular perturbation method for the solution of first-order initial value problems
Authors: Obeya Peace O. , Akinlabi Grace O.
Published: January 2021

Several analytical and numerical methods are globally used in the solution of linear and non-linear ordinary differential equations. In recent times, an analytical method called the perturbation method was proposed by JiHuan He. This technique involves the use of the perturbation parameter, ε. The types of perturbation method which are usually used in Mathematics are the regular perturbation method and the singular perturbation method. In this research, various numerical examples of first-order IVPs are solved using the regular perturbation method. This method gives an approximate analytical solution to the first order IVPs and are discovered to be efficient and easy to adopt.
Fractional coupled decomposition approach for the solution of a linear Klein–Gordon equation
Authors: Edeki S. O. , Ogundile O. P. , Achudume C. , Odo C. E.
Published: January 2021

In this article, the solution of the time-fractional linear Klein-Gordon Equation (TFLKGE) is considered. This is in combination with Laplace Decomposition Method (LDM) and Fractional Complex Transform (FCT), herein referred to as FCLDM. In contrast with the standard LDM, this proposed approach demonstrates a feasible improvement and efficiency in use. Considerations are made Illustratively using some examples, and a closed solution of the problem is obtained with ease. The FCLDM is recommended for physical modeling of real-life problems both in pure and applied sciences and for strongly non-linear differential models.
The impacts of outdoor concentration of nitrogen dioxide on its indoor level
Authors: Elehinafe F. B. , Okedere O. B. , Fakinle B. S. , Sonibare J. A.
Published: January 2021

This study examined the infiltration of oxides of nitrogen (NOx) from outdoor into the indoor environments in the commercial areas of Osogbo, Nigeria. Outdoor NOx concentrations were monitored at four different locations with a high volume of commercial and vehicular activities using Toxirae II NOx monitor. A control sampling point was also set at another location with no commercial and vehicular activities. The indoor concentrations at each location were simulated using IAQX 1.0f simulation tool of the US EPA. The mean measured outdoor NOx concentration over the entire commercial area ranged between 0.14 and 0.58 ppm with an average of 0.351 ppm but at the control point it ranged between 0.0 and 0.2 ppm with an average of 0.027 ppm. A simulation of the indoor concentration revealed an unhealthy indoor air quality. The stabilized indoor concentrations at commercial areas ranged between 0.054 and 0.169 ppm but it was 0.00917 ppm at the control point. The study establishes that emissions associated commercial activities may contribute significantly to indoor air quality degradation in an unplanned area thus calls for appropriate regulatory measures to protect public health.
Challenges and clarification on creating input files for metallic materials in the noncollinear spin-orbit case and band structure within GGA in Quantum Espresso: Ni as a case study
Authors: Pasanaje Adewale H , Bolarinwa Sherifdeen O , AlShaikhi Abdullah A
Published: January 2021

We have explicitly illustrated the challenges faced in creating input files for metallic materials in Quantum espresso by calculating the band structure of Ni and clarifying with the flags provided in this work. In this paper, we calculated the band structure of Ni after optimizations of the lattice constant, kinetic energy cutoff, ecutrho, k-points and described the basic parameters required for metallic materials. The input files provided in our work have been set such that the problem of spin/noncolin parameters and challenges faced by researchers trying to find the band structure of metallic materials have been solved. Some of these are presence of smearing, tprnfor, default nbnd, lspinorb, e.t.c.
Evaluation of the effect of silver nanoparticles and bio-polymer on modified Nigeria bentonite rheological properties
Authors: Okunoye K. W. , Ogundile O. P. , Adeyemo K. K. , Badmus F. O. , Arijaje T. E. , Ajayi S. O.
Published: January 2021

During drilling mud preparation, large quantities of imported Bentonite clay are consumed by activities to develop petroleum and underground natural resources. In this research, locally made Bentonite clay was used, its rheological properties were investigated and compared with the stipulated America petroleum institute (API) standard values. The raw bentonite obtained in Gombe state, Nigeria, was weighed, crushed, and prepared to remove the impurities at room temperature. The cake gotten was sundried and broken into powder. The clay’s swelling ability was studied using a design expert software to generate the combined ratio of 3.75g of clay, and 0.3g of sodium carbonate (Na2CO3) dispersed in a fixed volume of distilled water in a measuring cylinder for 24hours. The procedure was then repeated for other runs. The clay beneficiation was done by scaling up the optimal value obtained for both clay and Na2CO3. Beneficiated clay was impregnated with silver nanoparticles (Ag/NPs) acquired from the Department of Biology, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology. The food gum obtained from the market was peeled and pounded; the liquor extracted was sundried and reduced to a particle size of 0.12 μm. In determining the rheological properties, a viscometer (OFITE model 900 viscometer) was used. It was observed in this study that the local made Bentonite rheological properties like plastic and apparent viscosity, gel strength, and yield point were significantly improved at various temperatures of 23°C and 100°C when compared with API standard values. Similarly, the impregnation of beneficiated clay with Ag/NPs has no significant effect on the of the Gombe Bentonite clay’s rheological properties.
On the deterministic and stochastic model applications to typhoid fever disease dynamics
Authors: Ogunlade Temitope Olu , Ogunmiloro Oluwatayo Michael , Fatoyinbo Grace Ebunoluwa
Published: January 2021

A deterministic and stochastic model depicting typhoid fever spread in human host community is considered. The deterministic model is analyzed and found to be positively invariant, well – posed and meaningful in the sense of typhoid infection spread. Using the typhoid fever – absent equilibrium points, the control basic reproduction threshold (Rtyp
) of the model is obtained and the estimation yields Rtyp
≈ 0.744. This value implies that controls of vaccination, screening and treatment is effective enough to drive Rtyp
below unity, that is, the level of infection is not effective to cause a typhoid epidemic. Also, the deterministic model is changed into a stochastic model system and the mean and variance of the stochastic model are obtained. The existence and uniqueness of the stochastic model is discussed and the corresponding graphical description of the impact of some parameters against is Rtyp
plotted, while the stochastic simulations are done using the Euler - Maruyama numerical scheme coded in matlab to describe the behavior of each sub - population of human individuals of the model system.
Analysis and control measures for Lassa fever model under socio-economic conditions
Authors: Collins O C , Okeke J E
Published: January 2021

Lassa fever is one of the animal-borne diseases that is affecting people in some of the West Africa countries. A mathematical model for dynamics of Lassa fever is formulated. It is assumed that individuals in the population comprises of two socio-economic classes (lower and higher socio-economic class). The significant features of the model are determined and analyzed accordingly. The effects of the control measures such as treatment, external protection, and rodent control are determined and their epidemiological implications discussed.
Optimal portfolio of an investor in a financial market
Authors: Achudume Celestine , Ugbebor Olabisi O.
Published: January 2021

An investor seeks to diversify assets and optimal portfolio, which provide the maximum expected returns at a given level of risk. Optimal portfolio problems of an investor with logarithmic utility have been studied. However, there is scarce information on other utility functions, such as power utility function, which captures the concept of diversification of portfolios. This study was therefore designed to consider the general expected utility of an investor in the financial market. Ito’s integral where extended by the lofty properties of forward integral to diversify the investor’s portfolio. A filtration was built and used as a set of information for the investor. A semimartingale was used to enlarge the investor’s information. Matlab Mathematical software was used to compute the investors varying rates of return.
On the application of optimal control strategies to a generalized SVIR model
Authors: Oke M. O. , Ogunmiloro O. M. , Akinwumi C. T. , Ayinde S. O. , Ogunlade T. O. , Adebayo K. J.
Published: January 2021

In this paper, a deterministic optimal control problem involving a Susceptible - Vaccinated - Infected - Recovered (SVIR) epidemic model is considered. The optimal control problem is characterized using the Pontryagin’s maximum principle involving three control strategies namely, social mobilization, screening and sanitation. The derived optimality system is numerically solved using the forward - backward Runge - Kutta fourth order method via the computational software matlab. The numerical simulations depict that each of the control strategy has its significance in minimizing the spread of diseases, but the optimal combination of these controls are more effective in stemming the emergence and spread of an epidemic.
On a jump-diffusion process driven by the asymmetric Laplace distribution for stock price models
Authors: Adeosun Mabel Eruore , Ugbebor Olabisi Oreofe
Published: January 2021

In this paper, a generalized jump-diffusion process driven by the Asymmetric Laplace (AL) Distribution for stock price modeling was proposed. The probability density function was derived for the dynamics of the log-returns when the random process of the jump amplitude obeys the AL distribution. Based on the derived density function, a Lévy-Khintchine formula for the process was obtained, which proved useful for the computation of moments of the process. Hence, the Asymmetric Laplace jump diffusion model can be useful for modelling of stock price processes with empirical features like discontinuous paths, asymmetry and high peaks found in the empirical distribution of most financial data.
Stock price prediction using machine learning on least-squares linear regression basis
Authors: Emioma C. C. , Edeki S. O.
Published: January 2021

Predicting the future of a stock price is a difficult task due to the high level of randomness in the movement of prices. This research aims to use a machine-learning algorithm to estimate the closing stock price of a dataset to help aid in the prediction of stock prices leading to higher accuracy in prediction. The intention of the model is for it to be used as a day trading guide. The algorithm being used is called the least-squares linear regression model. It takes in a dependent variable, in this case, would be our closing price of the stock and an independent variable, which is the day each stock price was recorded.
Study of antioxidant activities, acceptability, and shelf life prediction of Ciplukan (Physalis angulata L.) juice drinks
Authors: Luthfiyanti R , Iwansyah A C , Rahayu Y , Achyadi N S
Published: January 2021

Antioxidants are free radical scavenger compounds that can reduce or prevent the adverse effects of reactive oxygen species and reactive nitrogen species (ROS/RNS). This study aims to study the antioxidant activity, acceptability, and shelf life of fruit extract drinks and ciplukan buds (Physalis angulataL.). The experimental design used factorial completely randomized design (FCRD), with two factors, namely the ratio of juice extracts and ciplukan buds (a) and stabilizer concentrations (b), three replications. The organoleptic analyzed by hedonic test, antioxidant activity by DPPH method, and total phenolic contents, total flavonoid contents and alkaloid using each of the Folin-Ciocalteau, aluminum chloride and gravimetric methods. The estimated shelf life is calculated using the Arrhenius method at 28°C for 28 days. The results showed that the ratio of fruit extracts and buds (a) affected the preference for taste, aroma, and color attributes. The interaction between juice extract ratio with a bud (a) and stabilizer concentration, (b) influences antioxidant activity, color attributes, and viscosity. The best ciplukan drink samples based on organoleptic calculations are juice with fruit extracts with buds 15:1 and stabilizer concentration of 0.1% (a3b1) and fruit extracts with buds 20:1 and stabilizer concentration of 0.1% (a4b1). The highest total phenolic and flavonoid contents obtained sample code a3b1, while the highest alkaloid content from code sample a4b1. Based on the estimated shelf life of total microbes, ciplukan bud extract has a shelf life of 9 months at 28°C.
Optimization process for ethylene glycol production using the Pareto solution
Authors: Sulaiman M S , Rohman F S S , Aziz N
Published: January 2021

In this work, ε -constraint approach within ASPEN Plus environment is used to generate the Pareto solutions for two objectives: maximize productivity and minimize energy consumption, for the ethylene glycol production. Each point of Pareto solutions consists of different optimal temperature and hydrogen flowrate values, which lead to distinct amount of energy consumption and ethylene glycol product rate. These solutions give flexibility in evaluating the trade-offs and selecting the most suitable operating policy. The most satisfactory optimum and trade-off of both objectives is determined. The optimum value for ethylene glycol production and energy consumption are 109.92 kmol/hr and 11227860.10 kJ/hr, respectively, while the trade-off values are 18.02 kmol/hr and 10903846.2 kJ/hr, respectively. The comparison between multi-objective optimization and single-objective optimization concludes that a high benefit against disadvantages is achieved by implementing multi-objective optimization. The difference between multi-objective optimization and single-objective optimization for ethylene glycol production and energy consumption are –5.65 kmol/hr and 17526931.8 kJ/hr, respectively.
Application of feed forward neural network model to predict the limiting current of tin magneto electrodeposition
Authors: Sudibyo  , Aziz N , Wijaya A , Fathona R S
Published: January 2021

Predicting the value of Tin Magneto electrodeposition (MED) is very important since the optimum mass transport occurred at the limiting current. The MED limiting current able to detect using electroanalytical chemistry, but this method is expensive; it needs some method, which able to predict the limiting current of tin MED. However, predicting the limiting current under magnetic field effect is more complicated due to the highly nonlinear characteristic and complicated of its multiple inputs single-output (MISO) system. The nonlinear model that able to predict the limiting current of tin MED is Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs). One of the ANNs which able to simulate the Multiple-Input-Single-Output (MISO) model is the Feed Forward Neural Network (FFNN). In this work, MISO FFNN will model a matrix data set with six variable inputs and one output. The data was obtained from the results of the experiments using electroanalytical chemistry. The output of this model is the limiting current of tin MED, meanwhile, the inputs are by the concentration of tin (Sn2+) in the electrolyte (C), viscosity(v), diffusion coefficient (D), area of the electrode (A), the number of electroactive species (n) and magnetic field strength (B). To get the best model, the performance of FFNN was tested with three variations of the algorithm (Levenberg-Marquardt, Bayesian Regularization, and Scaled Conjugate Gradient) and ten variations of the number of neurons (10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40, 45 and 50). The best model obtained for this MISO FFNN model is which uses the Levenberg-Marquardt algorithm and the highest number of neurons (50 neurons).
Fe-Cr pillared clay as catalysts for the ethanol to gasoline conversion
Authors: Widjaya Robert R , Saridewi Nanda , Putri Alda A , Rinaldi Nino , Dwiatmoko Adid A
Published: January 2021

Bentonite is a clay mineral type of montmorillonite that can be used as a catalyst. The use of bentonite as a catalyst has weaknesses, namely small surface area, pore volume and low thermal stability, so it is necessary to modify the structure. Modification of bentonite structure carried out in this research used the pillarization method (Pillared Clay or PILC) with the addition of Fe and Cr metals to form Cr/PILC, Fe/PILC, and Fe-Cr/PILC catalysts. The PILC catalysts can be used as a catalyst in the ethanol to gasoline conversion processess for alternative fuels. The XRD result shows that the pillarization process with the addition of Fe and Cr metals was succeeded so it can increase the interlayer spacing by 22,03 Å, 15,79 Å, and 15,85 Å on the Cr/PILC, Fe/PILC, and Fe-Cr/PILC catalysts. The SAA result shows an increase in surface area and pore volume in the Cr/PILC, Fe/PILC, and Fe-Cr/PILC catalysts structure. The presence of Brønsted acid type is indicated through the absorption peaks at 1515-1640 cm−1 and Lewis acid type at 1435-1470 cm−1 from the FTIR result. The TGA result shows an increase in thermal stability on the Cr/PILC, Fe/PILC, and Fe-Cr/PILC catalysts. The Fe-Cr/PILC catalyst shows the best activity results on the ethanol to gasoline conversion process with the acquisition of percent conversion and selectivity by 43.30% and 87.15% respectively.
The dispersion pattern of PM10 and SO2 on Highway Kuin Utara and Kuin Selatan Banjarmasin City based on GIS spatial model
Authors: Prasetia H , Annisa N , Riduan R , Setyowati E R , Tasfiyati A N , Maryana R
Published: January 2021

The transportation sector primarily causes urban air pollution in Indonesia and has a significant role in environmental emissions. Emissions resulting from vehicles are particulate matter, SO2, CO2, CO, HC, and NOx. The concentration and dispersion of PM10 and SO2 from the activity of the traffic on the roads Kuin Utara and Kuin Selatan, Banjarmasin City, observed in this study. The dispersion model of the concentration of PM10 and SO2 from traffic activity using GIS Spatial Models has been conducted. Research has been carried out for two days as representing weekend and weekdays at the three stations. After modeling and mapping the highest value for the concentration of PM10 on the weekend, it was obtained at station three, which was 167.3 μg.m−3. The highest level of PM10 on weekdays was achieved at station 3 with an amount of 236.3 μg.m−3. Based on modeling, the highest level SO2 on weekdays reached in station 3, which was 423 µg.m−3.
The stability study of electrolytic conductivity synthetic wastewater
Authors: Herwahyu Krismastuti Fransiska Sri
Published: January 2021

The accurate and traceable measurement of electrochemical parameters, such as electrolytic conductivity, in water environment is crucial for water quality monitoring. This can be achieved by the use of metrological traceable certified reference material produced according to ISO 17034. It requires stability test of the reference material candidate as part of the certification for a new reference material. This study is focused on monitoring of the stability of electrolytic conductivity synthetic wastewater, as an example of complex solution containing high concentration of ions. The stability study is focused on the material of the packaging bottle, the shelf-life duration and the high temperature representing a shipping condition. The results demonstrate that the electrolytic conductivity synthetic wastewater is stable for all the conditions tested, but the synthetic wastewater packaged in glass bottle has longer shelf-life. The results confirmed that the synthetic wastewater has potential to be developed as a certified reference material.
Potential of carbonized rice husk as a filter media rain garden to decrease the turbidity of water and Coli bacteria in the Stormwater Runoff. a review of current research
Authors: Annisa N , Prasetia H , Sholihah Q
Published: January 2021

The rapid development of physical infrastructure and infrastructure activities in several metropolitans in Indonesia, followed by industrial, transportation, construction, trade, and office canters, have had an impact on the environment. Such facilities cause a reduction in a green open space. The existence of high rainfall causes uncontrolled stormwater run-off. As a result of the massive floods that frequently happen. The problem that often found that stormwater run-off tends to result in high turbidity and pollution of Coli bacteria, so processing of the treatment is necessary. One of the methods of maintaining the quality of water can use rain gardens that can be made in a run-off water source, by using carbonized rice husk filters. This research method was carried out with the technique of literature review, such as national and international journals, books, websites, and other documents related to the topic of study. Based on the results of the study, carbonized rice husks were able to decrease turbidity and Coli bacteria with decent removal efficiency approaching 90%. The carbonized rice husk becomes an alternative for the media filter rain garden to decrease the value of turbidity and the number of Coli bacteria, as it has large pores and has a content of high Silica (Si).
Quality of physicochemical and sensory of mushroom (Pleurotus ostreatus) chicken nuggets with carrageenan and konjac as hydrocolloids
Authors: Setiaboma W , Kristanti D
Published: January 2021

Nuggets are mostly made of meat however reducing meat in meat product impact on characterization products. The present study was to investigate the effect of various hydrocolloids (carrageenan and konjac) on the physicochemical characteristic of chicken mushroom nuggets. Four formulations of mushroom chicken nuggets were N0 (non-hydrocolloid), N1 (sodium tripolyphosphate -STPP), N2 (konjac), and N3 (carrageenan). All nuggets were evaluated for moisture content, ash content, color, texture, pH, cooking loss, and sensory evaluation. The moisture content was less than 60 %. The cooking loss and texture of the nuggets was affected (P<0.05) additional of hydrocolloids. The N3 increased cooking loss (11.34) and hardness (1360.14 N). The sensory attributes were not influenced of the additional hydrocolloids. This current study indicated that N2 could be potential as thickener in mushroom chicken nuggets caused the pH value, cohesiveness, and chewiness of N2 were similar (P>0.05) to N1.
Artocarpanone isolated from Artocarpus heterophyllus heartwoods enhances cytotoxic effect of cisplatin against H460 and MCF-7 cell lines
Authors: Septama Abdi Wira , Nik Mat Daud Nik Nurul Najihah
Published: January 2021

Artocarpus heterophyllus has been used as a folk medicine in Asian countries. Flavonoid possessed a wide-range of therapeutic compounds for the treatment of several diseases including cancer prevention. Artocarponanone is s flavonoid isolated from the heartwoods of A. heterophyllus. This study was undertaken to investigate the interaction of natural compound and commercial anticancer, cisplatin against two cancer cell lines. MTT assay was performed to determine the cytotoxic effect of the combination. Isobologram analysis was used to predict the interaction of combination against cancer cell lines. The effect of this combination was then confirmed using AO/PI staining method. It showed that artocarpanone demonstrated cytotoxic effect against H460 and MCF-7 cell lines with IC50 values of 16.88 and 23.34 µg/mL, respectively. While cisplatin exhibited the cytotoxic effect against H460 and MCF-7 cell lines with IC50 values of 12.95 and 10.29 µg/mL. The combination of these compounds produced the synergistic effect on MCF-7 cell lines with a combination index (CI) of 0.09 and 0.13, respectively. Fluorescence microscope using AO/PI staining showed that the combination caused the morphological change of cancer cell lines and lead to necrosis and apoptosis. This result indicated that artocarpanone may enhance the cytotoxic effect of cisplatin against H460 and MCF-7 cell lines.
Inhibition activity of α-glucosidase enzyme, phenolic content and toxicity of Mara (Macaranga tanarius (L.) Mull. Arg) Leaf
Authors: Megawati  , Hariyanti  , Pebriani Resta , Fajriah Sofa
Published: January 2021

Previous studies have shown that mara leaves (Macaranga tanarius (L) Mull. Arg) can be used as medicinal plants because they have antibacterial and anti-inflammatory activity. Compounds containing flavonoids, tannins, saponins. But there is still little research on mara leaves as inhibition α-glucosidase. The purpose of this study was to determine the antidiabetic activity by the α-glucosidase method and its toxicity by the BSLT method and the results of fractionation. This test can be done by looking at the IC50 values obtained from linear regression analysis. Whereas the acute toxicity test uses BSLT (method of Shrimp Lethality Test). Using concentrations of 1000 ppm, 500 ppm, 100 ppm and 10 ppm. At each concentration using 10 larvae Artemia salina Leachand analyzed mortality. LC50 values were obtained from linear regression of mortality percentages and log doses. The results of this study prove the ethyl acetate fraction of Macaranga tanarius (L) Mull. Arg leaves has a high value inhibition activity that is 0.74 μg/mL and is non-toxic so it can be considered as inhibition α-glucosidase.
Investigation of the potential covid-19 inhibitor from Cassia alata and Dendrophthoe petandra using computational approach
Authors: Ernawati Teni , Angelina Marissa , Dewi Rizna Triana , Fajriah Sofa , Rokip
Published: January 2021

COVID-19 is a recent coronavirus outbreak caused by SARS-CoV-2 beginning in early December 2019 in Wuhan China raising global health problems. The SARS coronavirus main peptidase (SARS-CoV M(pro)) plays an essential role in the life-cycle of the virus and is a primary target for the development of anti-SARS agents. Also, the viral 3-chymotrypsin-like cysteine protease 3 (3CLpro) enzyme controls coronavirus replication and is essential for its life cycle. Therefore, herein, we performed in silico virtual screening of the compounds fromCassia alataandDendrophthoe petandrasuch as; aloe-emodin, emodin, kaempferol, quercetin and quercitrin against SARS-CoV-2 Mproand also 3CLprothrough molecular docking approach using Autodock 4.2, with the Lamarckian Genetic Algorithm. The binding energies obtained from the result of molecular docking of SARS-CoV-2 Mproand also 3CLproquercetin, kaempferol and aloe-emodin appeared to have the best potential to act as COVID-19 inhibitors.
Modified cassava flour (mocaf) as food additive on infant instant cream soup using fortificant of natural folic acid
Authors: Susilowati Agustine , Maryati Yati , Melanie Hakiki , Lotulung Puspa D. , Aspiyanto  , Artanti Nina , Budiari Setyani
Published: January 2021

Modified cassava flour (Mocaf) can be used for food additive on the formulation of infant instant cream soup as thickener and binder of folic acid. The main objective of this study was to determine the optimum formulation condition of added mocaf and folic acid fortificant on infant cream soup for complementary feeding. Infant cream soup was prepared by adding mocaf at concentration 0, 6, 12, 18, 24, and 30% (w/w, base formula of cream soup), fortificant A (mixture of soy tempeh, nixtamalized corn, and fermented broccoli), and fortificant B (mixture of mung beans, nixtamalized corn and fermented broccoli). The optimum condition was achieved by adding mocaf at the concentration 30% and fortificant A, with composition of folic acid 191.14 µg/mL, dissolved protein 39.72 mg/mL, total solids 91.43 %, total sugars 926.73 mg/mL and reducing sugars 52.1 mg/mL. This formulation was able to increase folic acid by 10.27-folds in comparison with base formula of infant soup. LC-MS analysis showed folic acid monomer with molecular weight 442.75 m/z. Volatile compounds were dominated by acetic acid, furan and, fatty acid. Particle size distribution at quantities 10, 50 and 90% (v/w) had particle size of 10.58, 22.46, and 470.52 μm, respectively or average 141.26 μm.
Synthesis and characterization of magnetite (Fe3O4) nanoparticles from iron sand in Batanghari Beach
Authors: Safitri I , Wibowo Y G , Rosarina D , Sudibyo
Published: January 2021

The utilization of sand is still limited as a building material, so development is needed to increase the use-value of iron sand from the Batanghari River. No one study was found to improve iron sand in this field into magnetic material. This paper informs a case study of the synthesis and characterization of Fe3O4 nanoparticles from the Batanghari Jambi river iron sand using the coprecipitation method. Sintering temperature variations were carried out to see the effect of sintering temperature on crystal size, crystal structure, and optical properties of the sample. Sintering temperature variations used are 300°C, 400°C, and 500°C. The synthesis results showed that the sintering temperature of iron sand extract did not affect the crystal structure formed. However, the sintering temperature affects the size of the crystal; the higher the sintering temperature, the size of the crystal will be even greater. At a temperature of 300°C, a Fe3O4 crystal size was 6.94 nm, at a temperature of 400°C a Fe3O4 crystal size was 8.29 nm and at a temperature of 500°C a crystal size of 10.15 nm was obtained. The synthesis results also show that the higher the sintering temperature, the optical properties of the iron sand extract, the better. The decreasing energy gap value indicates this. At a temperature of 300°C, a gap energy value of 2.0 eV was obtained, at a temperature of 400°C a gap energy value of 1.9 eV was obtained and at a temperature of 500°C, the energy gap obtained was 1.8 eV.
Antifungal activities of lactic acid bacteria and yeast isolated from various types of Tempe
Authors: Damayanti Ema , Shabrina Nur , Prihantoro Faisal Azis , Shovitri Maya
Published: January 2021

Mycotoxin-producing fungi are harmful contaminants in food and feed products. Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) and yeast groups are known to produce antifungals. Indonesia is known as a Tempe-producing country, an important functional fermented food. Soybean Tempe has been commonly known and well-studied, while other types of Tempe such as Tempe Gembus, Tempe Koro, Tempe Lamtoro and Oncom have not been well studied. This study aimed to determine LAB and yeast population in various types of Tempe and to select antifungal activity against mycotoxin-producing fungi. Research methods included total aflatoxin analysis in Tempe products, enumeration and isolation of LAB and yeast, and antifungal assay. The results showed that the total aflatoxins in all Tempe products were 1.99 - 3.84 ppb and it was qualified as food for consumption. The total LABs were 7.16 - 8.25 log10 cfu/g while the total yeast was 4.48 - 7.38 log10 cfu/gram. The highest antifungal activities in mycotoxin-producing fungi such as Aspergillus parasiticus and Penicillium citrinum, shown by LAB G1 isolates which were identified as Lactobacillus sp. and yeast G6K1 and G6K2 which were identified as Saccharomyces spp. All the selected isolates were isolated from Tempe Gembus. The clear zone diameter of antifungals was 15-20 mm and 3.5 mm respectively for LAB G1 and G6K1-G6K2. These selected LAB and yeast had the potential to be used as natural bio-preservatives in functional food products to prevent the growth of mycotoxin-producing fungi.
Study of isothermic absorption model of moisture content of fibrous instant corn rice
Authors: Darmajana D A , Indriati A , Rahmawati D
Published: January 2021

In general, storage of food products made from grains is carried out in an environment with uncontrolled air temperature and humidity. In this situation, changes in temperature and humidity will continue according to daily weather patterns. Food products stored in this environment will experience adsorption and desorption processes alternately and continuously throughout the day. Dried food that has not reached its equilibrium moisture content tends to absorb moisture during storage so that it will trigger a decrease in quality through a series of physical, chemical, and microbiological processes. The relationship between water activity and equilibrium moisture content during storage can be approached with an isothermic sorption model. The purpose of this research is to determine the equilibrium moisture content of fibrous instant corn rice in various relative humidity (RH) values and to find a mathematical model from isothermic sorption curve of fibrous instant corn rice. The research methodologies include the production of fibrous instant corn rice, the determination of equilibrium moisture content at various RH (40%-90%), and mathematical modeling of isothermic sorption curves with standard model approaches (Caurie, Hasley, and Oswin). The results showed that the water vapor adsorption process occurred in the isothermic sorption experiments of fibrous instant corn rice at a temperature of 30°C which was marked by an increase in the moisture content of the instant fibrous instant corn rice at 40-90% RH. Hasley equation model: (log [ln (1/aw)] = -3.2810 - 3.0945 log Me), Caurrie: (ln Me = -3.3084 + 1.8163 aw) and Oswin: (ln Me = -2.3301 + 0.2805 ln [aw/(1-aw)]) can accurately describe the isothermic adsorption of fibrous instant corn rice at 30°C because it has an Mean Relative Determination (MRD) value of less than 5.
Accelerated shelf life testing of mocatilla chip using critical moisture content approach and models of sorption Isotherms
Authors: Putri D P , Yulianti L E , Afifah N
Published: January 2021

Mocatilla is a tortilla chip made from composite flour consists of modified cassava, corn, and rice flour which is enriched by tempeh. This study aimed to estimate the shelf life of mocatilla chips when packed in polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polypropylene (PP), and aluminum foil (alufo) using the Accelerated Shelf Life Testing (ASLT) method by the critical moisture content approach. The study was conducted by determining the initial, critical, and equilibrium moisture content of the sample by thermogravimetry. Six models of moisture sorption isotherm were fitted to determine the equilibrium moisture content using six salts with relative humidity (RH) values at a range of 0.076-0.903. The result showed that the initial and critical moisture content of mocatilla chips (g H2O/g solid) was 0.0141 and 0.0532, respectively. Meanwhile the equilibrium moisture content at relative humidity 80% and temperature 30°C was 0.1471. The Guggenheim Anderson de Boer (GAB) equation was the most suitable model for describing the sorption isotherm phenomenon of mocatilla chips. Based on Labuza’s equation, the shelf life prediction of mocatilla chips (80% RH, 30°C) packed in PET, PP, and alufo was 3, 8, and 62 months, respectively.
Encapsulation of proteins with high/low pI in PLGA-particles for oral delivery
Authors: Pratiwi Riyona Desvy , Agustiyanti Dian Fitria , Agustiani Fitri , Warsito Mega Ferdina , Mustopa Apon Zaenal
Published: January 2021

Polylactic co-glycolic acid (PLGA) is a biocompatible and biodegradable polymer used for controlled drug delivery of small molecules or macromolecules including protein. Proteins highly requires an advanced drug delivery system because of its sensitivity towards many factors such as temperature, hygroscopicity, and biological system. Particularly for oral dosage form, protein must be encapsulated in extremely low pH resistant particle. Protein’s intrinsic characterization determines effectivity of the encapsulation. The recent method of PLGA particle preparation was more suitable for proteins with low pI. PLGA showed higher effectivity to encapsulate protein with low pI such as BSA (pI = ˜ 4.8) than that of high pI for instance lysozyme (pI = ˜ 11). In the study, protein release and physico-chemical characterizations of BSA loaded PLGA-particle were performed.
A review on factors affecting chitosan nanoparticles formation
Authors: Warsito Mega Ferdina , Agustiani Fitri
Published: January 2021

Chitosan has been widely used as an excipient in the pharmaceutical industries, due to its biodegradable, biocompatible, low toxicity, and mucoadhesive properties. Chitosan nanoparticles have been extensively investigated for delivery of drugs, herbal products, proteins or peptides and genes. The particle size of chitosan nanoparticles has an important effect on their properties in its pharmaceutical application. Smaller particle size can entrap higher concentration of therapeutic agents, improve drug stability and its bioavailability, and provide sustained delivery. Although diverse efforts have been made to obtain the chitosan nanoparticles and its potential pharmaceutical applications, optimization of the fabricating conditions and the comprehensive properties of the resultant chitosan nanoparticles is still an ongoing important study subject. In this review, we will describe several factors that affect chitosan nanoparticle formation specifically in ionic gelation method, such as chitosan characteristic, i.e. degree of deacetylation, molecular weight, and the ratio of chitosan-crosslinker, type and concentration of crosslinker, mixing procedure, and condition. We will also give an overview of the characterization process of the chitosan nanoparticles.
Catalytic conversion of ethanol to butanol over magnesium oxide catalysts
Authors: Susanto Stanley Austin , Yunarti Rika Tri , Widjaya Robert Ronal , Maryati Yati , Dwiatmoko Adid Adep , Aulia Fauzan , Rinaldi Nino
Published: January 2021

Several types of magnesium oxide (MgO) has been studied as catalyst for catalytic conversion of ethanol into butanol. The reactions have been conducted at 350 °C in batch reactor. MgO catalysts have been characterized by XRD, CO2-TPD, and N2-physisorption. It was found that of the highest yield of butanol was obtained from MgO synthesized from precipitation method. The highest butanol yield was 2.4% at our experimental conditions. This was attributed to its surface area and basicity.
Enzymatic biodelignification of Corncob by Laccase (Lac) from Cerrena Sp.B.Md.T.A.1.
Authors: Muryanto Muryanto , Muharramah Rifqa , Falah Syamsul , Hidayat Asep
Published: January 2021

Corn (Zea mays) is a commodity of food crops that are important after rice in Indonesia. Corn plantation produces waste in the form of corncob. Corncob is lignocellulosic biomass that can converted to cellulose, even sugar or another chemical like ethanol. The first step for utilization of corncob is delignification. The purpose of this study was to isolate and purify the enzyme laccase from white rot fungus Cerrena sp.B.Md.T.A.1 that inoculation in GDP media used for biodelignification of corncobs. Enzymatic biodelignification conduct with the variation of substrate was 5%, 10%, and 15% (w/v), while the time variation were 6 hours and 24 hours. The percentage of lignin concentration before pretreatment reached is 37.25%. The highest reduction of lignin content was achieved in 15% substrate for 24 hours incubation time around 42.71%.
Alternative Use of Modified Cassava Flour (Mocaf) as Carrier of Natural Folic Acid in Infant Biscuits for Complementary Feeding
Authors: Susilowati Agustine , Aspiyanto  , Melanie Hakiki , Maryati Yati , Lotulung Puspa Dewi , Devi Anastasia Fitria , Budiari Setyani
Published: January 2021

Modified cassava flour (mocaf) is an alternative food ingredient used in preparation of biscuits as a binder and a carrier of folic acid fortificant. This work aimed to evaluate the mocaf addition with natural folic acid fortificants in two infant biscuit formulations. Mocaf was added at concentration of 0, 0.3, 0.6, 1.2, and 2.4% (w/w, control formula of infant biscuit) with folic acid fortificant A (mixture of nixtamalized corn, soy tempeh and fermented broccoli) and B (mixture of nixtamalized corn, mung beans tempeh and fermented broccoli). The optimum condition was achieved at mocaf concentration of 0.3% and resulted in infant biscuits A and B with folic acid content of 212.23µg/mL and 438.74µg/mL, dissolved protein 27.41 mg/mL and 28.88 mg/mL, total sugars of 358.20 mg/mL and 322.72 mg/mL, reducing sugars of 35.10 mg/mL and 39.78 mg/mL, total solids of 94.82% and 92.43%, respectively. The formulations of biscuits A and B increased folic acid content by 80.05% and 199.55% compared to the counterpart without mocaf addition. The predominant folic acid monomers had molecular weight of 442 m/z. Volatile compounds were identified as acetic acid, furan, and fatty acids. Biscuits A and B displayed average particle size of 69.07 μm and 69.78 μm with hardness of 8.44 N and 16.94 N, and lightness of 35.68 and 36.86, respectively.