bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
THE USE OF HYALURONIC ACID FOR CORRECTING FACE DEFORMITIES
Authors: Dias Machado Daniel
Published: March 2023

The use of injectable hyaluronic acid (HA) fillers has become increasingly widespread in facial contouring and rejuvenation. We report our experiences to emphasize the role of HA fillers as tools in addition to aesthetic treatments in cases of post-surgical facial sequelae. HA fillers are generally used for aesthetic rejuvenation, but a new potential horizon could be their application in traumatic, reconstructive and craniofacial surgeries. This study was carried out retrospectively through a bibliographic survey of books, public health manuals and scientific articles in Portuguese and English published in the databases of VHL (Virtual Health Library), SciELO (Scientific Electronic Library Online) and PUBMED. The search for references was developed by looking for publications referring to the period of the last 10 years. Visual analogue scale (VAS) assessment was performed to assess patient satisfaction. No major complications (ie impending necrosis or visual loss) were reported. Bruising and swelling have been reported for 48 hours after lip injection. In the immediate VAS assessment, 67% of the patients were “extremely satisfied” and 33% “satisfied”. In those 33%, VAS scores changed to “extremely satisfied” at 6–9 weeks and 3–6 months of VAS assessment (contextually for improvement in flexibility, elasticity, and aesthetic appearance of the tissue). The results indicate that this minimally invasive approach achieves a high level of aesthetic enhancement, improving patient satisfaction. The concept of HA filler applications may be a frontier that may be applicable to other areas of reconstructive facial plastic surgery.
THE USE OF LASER THERAPY/ PHOTOBIOMODULATION IN THE MANAGEMENT OF AGING IN OROFACIAL HARMONIZATION
Authors: Brasil Juliana Arioli Nieto , Carlos Menezes Blasca Joao , Pilon Muknickas Daniella , Ribeiro Marques Brenda , Teodora Ribeiro Eunice , Teruo Suguihara Roberto
Published: March 2023

The biophotonic therapies produced by LASERS/LED (low intensity), have aroused great interest in the area of Orofacial Harmonization. These therapies promote important beneficial biological effects, analgesic, anti-inflammatory character through a biostimulation phenomenon. The radiation emitted by therapeutic LASER/LED affects the metabolic processes of target cells, producing biostimulating effects that result in the occurrence of cellular and vascular events, which directly interfere with the tissue repair process. Thus, this work aims to review the literature and demonstrate a clinical case, highlighting the biostimulating effects of LASERS/LED (low power) on tissue repair and their associations in aging management, providing better results for Orofacial Harmonization.
Alcotrista
Authors: Pina-Burón María Rosa
Published: March 2023

Ficha del yacimiento Alcotrista ubicado a Écija (Sevilla) incluida en el proyecto "Figlinae Hispanae (FIGHISP). Catálogo en red de las alfarerías hispanorromanas y estudio de la comercialización de sus productos".
San Bartolomé
Authors: Pina-Burón María Rosa
Published: March 2023

Ficha del yacimiento San Bartolomé ubicado a Écija (Sevilla) incluida en el proyecto "Figlinae Hispanae (FIGHISP). Catálogo en red de las alfarerías hispanorromanas y estudio de la comercialización de sus productos".
Garrocheira
Authors: Gonçalves Amaro Clementino José , Martins Gonçalves Fernanda Cristina , Garrido Prudêncio Maria Isabel , Marques Dias Maria Isabel
Published: March 2023

Ficha del yacimiento Garrocheira ubicado a Benavente (Alentejo) incluida en el proyecto "Figlinae Hispanae (FIGHISP). Catálogo en red de las alfarerías hispanorromanas y estudio de la comercialización de sus productos".
Quinta do Lago
Authors: Arruda Ana Margarida
Published: March 2023

Ficha del yacimiento Quinta do Lago ubicado a Loulé (Algarve) incluida en el proyecto "Figlinae Hispanae (FIGHISP). Catálogo en red de las alfarerías hispanorromanas y estudio de la comercialización de sus productos".
Agra de Liñares
Authors: Mosquera Castro Tania , Bartolomé Abraira Roberto , César Vila Mario , Martín Hernández Esperanza , Alonso Toucido Francisco
Published: March 2023

Ficha del yacimiento Agra de Liñares ubicado a Santiso (A Coruña) incluida en el proyecto "Figlinae Hispanae (FIGHISP). Catálogo en red de las alfarerías hispanorromanas y estudio de la comercialización de sus productos".
Agro de Parapar
Authors: Mosquera Castro Tania , Bartolomé Abraira Roberto , César Vila Mario , Martín Hernández Esperanza , Alonso Toucido Francisco
Published: March 2023

Ficha del yacimiento Agro de Parapar ubicado a Lugo (Lugo) incluida en el proyecto "Figlinae Hispanae (FIGHISP). Catálogo en red de las alfarerías hispanorromanas y estudio de la comercialización de sus productos".
Santa María de Caldas
Authors: Mosquera Castro Tania , Bartolomé Abraira Roberto , César Vila Mario , Martín Hernández Esperanza , Alonso Toucido Francisco
Published: March 2023

Ficha del yacimiento Santa María de Caldas ubicado a Caldas de Reis (Pontevedra) incluida en el proyecto "Figlinae Hispanae (FIGHISP). Catálogo en red de las alfarerías hispanorromanas y estudio de la comercialización de sus productos".
Late summer transition from a free-tropospheric to boundary layer source of Aitken mode aerosol in the high Arctic
Authors: Price Ruth , Baccarini Andrea , Schmale Julia , Zieger Paul , Brooks Ian M. , Field Paul , Carslaw Ken S.
Published: March 2023

Abstract. In the Arctic, the aerosol budget plays a particular role in determining the behaviour of clouds, which are important for the surface energy balance and thus for the region’s climate. A key question is the extent to which cloud condensation nuclei in the high Arctic summertime boundary layer are controlled by local emission and formation processes as opposed to transport from outside. Each of these sources is likely to respond differently to future changes in ice cover. Here we use a global model and observations from ship and aircraft field campaigns to understand the source of high Arctic aerosol in late summer. We find that particles formed remotely, i.e. at latitudes outside the Arctic, are the dominant source of boundary layer Aitken mode particles during the sea ice melt period up to the end of August. Particles from such remote sources, entrained into the boundary layer from the free troposphere, account for nucleation and Aitken mode particle concentrations that are otherwise underestimated by the model. This source from outside the high Arctic declines as photochemical rates decrease towards the end of summer and is largely replaced by local new particle formation driven by iodic acid created during freeze-up. Such a local source increases the simulated Aitken mode particle concentrations by 2 orders of magnitude during sea ice freeze-up and is consistent with strong fluctuations in nucleation mode concentrations that occur in September. Our results suggest a high-Arctic aerosol regime shift in late summer, and only after this shift do cloud condensation nuclei become sensitive to local aerosol processes.
Quality assessment of aerosol lidars at 1064 nm in the framework of the MEMO campaign
Authors: Wang Longlong , Yin Zhenping , Bu Zhichao , Wang Anzhou , Mao Song , Yi Yang , Müller Detlef , Chen Yubao , Wang Xuan
Published: March 2023

Abstract. Aerosol lidar network can play an important role on revealing structural characteristics of atmospheric boundary layer, urban heat island effect, spatial distribution of aerosols, especially monitoring atmospheric pollution in a megacity. To fulfill the need of monitoring and numerical forecast of atmospheric pollution, an aerosol lidar network is proposed by China Meteorological Administration, which serves as an important part of "MegaCity Experiment on Integrated Meteorological Observation in China" (MEMO). To ensure high standard of data quality and traceability of measurement error, an inter-comparison campaign, dedicated for quality assessment of lidar systems from different institutes and manufacturers, was designed and performed at Beijing Southern Suburb Observatory in September 2021. Six Mie-Rayleigh lidar systems at 1064 nm were involved in this campaign. The strategies for lidar self-evaluations and inter-comparisons were predefined. A lidar system at 1064 nm, which was developed by Atmospheric Remote Sensing group at Wuhan University, was selected as the reference lidar system after passing all self-evaluations quality checks in a strict way. The reference lidar system serves as the corner stone for evaluating the performance of other lidar systems. After using the self-test of Rayleigh fit and signalto- noise evaluation for each individual lidar system to fast check the data quality, the range-corrected signal and backscatter coefficient obtained from all the lidar systems were inter-compared with a reference lidar system. In the end, the lidar systems were quality assured, of which the standard deviation of range-corrected signal can be controlled within 5 % at 500–2000 m while 10 % at 2000–5000 m. For the derived aerosol backscatter coefficients, standard deviations can be controlled within 10 % at 500–2000 m and 2000–5000 m. The quality assurance strategy lays down a solid basis for atmospheric lidar at near-infrared wavelength and will be applied in Chinese lidar network development.
Capabilities of optical and radar Earth observation data for up-scaling methane emissions linked to subsidence and permafrost degradation in sub-Arctic peatlands
Authors: Sjogersten Sofie , Ledger Martha , Siewert Matthias , de la Barreda-Bautista Betsabé , Sowter Andrew , Gee David , Foody Giles , Boyd Doreen S.
Published: March 2023

Abstract. Permafrost thaw in Arctic regions is increasing methane (CH4) emissions to the atmosphere but quantification of such emissions is difficult given the large and remote areas impacted. Hence, Earth Observation (EO) data are critical for assessing both permafrost thaw, associated ecosystem change, and increased CH4 emissions. Often extrapolation from field measurements using EO is the approach employed. However, there are key challenges to consider – that landscape CH4 emissions result from a complex local-scale mixture of micro-topographies and vegetation types that support widely differing CH4 emissions and the difficulty in detecting the initial stages of permafrost degradation before vegetation transitions have occurred. This study considers the use of a combination of ultra-high resolution unoccupied aerial vehicle (UAV) data, together with Sentinel-1 and -2 data to extrapolate field measurements of CH4 emissions from a set of vegetation types which capture the local variation in vegetation on degrading palsa wetlands. We show that the ultra-high resolution UAV data can map spatial variation in vegetation relevant to variation in CH4 emissions and extrapolate these across the wider landscape. We further show how Sentinel-1 and Sentinel-2 can be used. By way of a soft classification, and simple correction of misclassification bias of a hard classification, the output vegetation mapping and subsequent extrapolation of CH4 emissions matched closely that generated using the UAV data. InSAR assessment of subsidence together with the vegetation classification suggested that high subsidence rates of palsa wetland can be used to quantify areas at risk of increased CH4 emissions. We estimate that a transition of an area currently experiencing subsidence to fen type vegetation are estimated to increase emissions from 116 kg CH4 season−1 from the 50 ha study area, to emissions as high as 6500 to 13000 kg CH4 season−1. The key outcome from this study is that a fusion of EO data types provides the ability to estimate CH4 emissions from large geographies covered by a fine mixture of vegetation types and vulnerable to transitioning to CH4 emitters in the near future. This points to an opportunity to measure and monitor CH4 from the Arctic over space and time with confidence.
Chromophoric dissolved organic matter dynamics revealed through the optimization of an optical-biogeochemical model in the NW Mediterranean Sea
Authors: Álvarez Eva , Cossarini Gianpiero , Teruzzi Anna , Bruggeman Jorn , Bolding Karsten , Ciavatta Stefano , Vellucci Vincenzo , D’Ortenzio Fabrizio , Antoine David , Lazzari Paolo
Published: March 2023

Abstract. Chromophoric dissolved organic matter (CDOM) significantly contributes to the non-water absorption budget in the Mediterranean Sea. The absorption coefficient of CDOM, αCDOM(λ), is measurable in situ and remotely from different platforms and can be used as an indicator of the concentration of other relevant biogeochemical variables, e.g., dissolved organic carbon. However, our ability to model the biogeochemical processes that determine CDOM concentrations is still limited. Here we propose a novel parametrisation of the CDOM cycle that accounts for the interplay between the light- and nutrient-dependent dynamics of local CDOM production and degradation, as well as its vertical transport. The parameterization is included in a one-dimensional (1D) configuration of the Biogeochemical Flux Model (BFM), which is here coupled to the General Ocean Turbulence Model (GOTM) through the Framework for Aquatic Biogeochemical Models (FABM). Here BFM is augmented with a bio-optical component that revolves spectrally the underwater light transmission. We did run this new GOTM-FABM-BFM configuration to simulate the seasonal αCDOM(λ) cycle at the deep-water site of the BOUSSOLE project in the North-Western Mediterranean Sea. Our results show that accounting for both nutrient and light dependence of CDOM production improves the simulation of the seasonal and vertical dynamics of αCDOM(λ), including a subsurface maximum that forms in spring and progressively intensifies in summer. Furthermore, the model consistently reproduces the higher-than-average concentrations of CDOM per unit chlorophyll concentration observed at BOUSSOLE. The configuration, outputs and sensitivity analyses from this 1D model application will be instrumental for future applications of BFM to the entire Mediterranean Sea in a 3D configuration.
Chronological and sedimentological investigations of the Late Pleistocene succession in Osterbylund (Schleswig-Holstein, Germany)
Authors: Thiel Christine , Kenzler Michael , Stephan Hans-Jürgen , Frechen Manfred , Urban Brigitte , Sierralta Melanie
Published: March 2023

Abstract. The age of the push moraine complex Wallsbüll-Böxlund,
Schleswig-Holstein, is unclear despite investigations in this area for
decades. To address the timing of formation of both the push moraine complex
and the peat and soils found in its depressions, an outcrop in Osterbylund
(OBL) was investigated. Optically stimulated luminescence and 230Th/U
dating, as well as pollen analyses, were undertaken with the aim to correlate
the soils OBL 1 to OBL 4 to interglacials and interstadials. The
chronological studies were accompanied by detailed sedimentological
investigations. The results of the pollen analyses put the peat
unambiguously to the Eemian; the peat is equivalent to OBL 1. The overlying
sands and the other intercalated soils are to be placed into the early
Weichselian. While for OBL 2 the assignment to the Brörup interstadial
is clear, it is more difficult to clearly correlate OBL 3 and OBL 4 to an
interstadial due to poor luminescence signal resetting of the sands,
especially above OBL 4. Considering all data available, it is most likely
that OBL 3 formed during the Odderade interstadial and OBL 4 during the
Keller interstadial. From the Eemian to early Weichselian ages of the peat
and soils it is evident that the push moraine complex is of Saalian age; a
Weichselian ice margin further in the west, as assumed in other studies, can
therefore be excluded.
Winter sensitivity of glacial states to orbits and ice sheet heights in CESM1.2
Authors: Buzan Jonathan Robert , Russo Emmanuele , Kim Woon Mi , Raible Christoph C.
Published: March 2023

Abstract. The changing climate system between icehouse and greenhouse states during the Quaternary Period were dramatic, yet the magnitude of these changes are still uncertain due to unconstrained ice sheets and a lack of transition mechanisms. In this study, we investigate the individual and combined impact of ice sheet heights, orbital configurations, and greenhouse gas changes for a range of Quaternary climate states to assess the linearity or non-linearity of the climate system’s response. To this end, we conduct two sets of sensitivity experiments: a series on the Preindustrial (PI) climate and experiments on Quaternary glacial states. First, modifying the PI conditions with respect to orbit, Greenland ice sheet height, and greenhouse gasses, we find that the climate system’s response to the individual factors do not superimpose on the combined response of the climate system. Thus, already under PI conditions the climate system responds in a non-linear fashion. Second, our results on Quaternary glacial states show that changing ice sheet height is the primary cause of changes in climate systems, regardless of orbit. But the subtle regional effects that orbit has are not always explained by ice sheet height changes. As for the PI simulations we find a strong, non-linear behavior in combined orbital-ice sheet height effect, where the response of the atmospheric circulation plays an important role. Therefore, orbit, ice sheets, and greenhouse gasses evolve through time by specific pathways and imply a theoretical constraint on the real climate state. As the spatial and temporal resolution of the Quaternary proxy data improves, combined with these modeled climates, we expect to generate substantial constraints on the number of realistic Quaternary climate states.
Direct Rupture Speed Estimation from "Rupture Phase" of the 2023 Turkey Mw 7.8 Earthquake
Authors: Yao Suli , Yang Hongfeng
Published: March 2023

Rupture speed is a fundamental dynamic characteristic of earthquakes, which can be inferred by multiple approaches such as the back projection (BP) and kinematic fault slip inversion with near-field or far-field data as constraints. Here we propose a rapid estimate for rupture speed directly from the strong motion records along the southern segment of the Mw 7.8 Turkey earthquake on 6 Jan 2023. We collect data on 12 strong motion stations that are located within 3 km from the major fault trace. Due to the short distances to the fault, the ground motions on these stations can approximate a very local rupture phase, with the peak amplitudes of fault-parallel velocities corresponding to the rupture front passage. We pick peak velocities on three components and obtain an apparent propagation speed of ~ 3 km/s. To validate the correlation between the rupture speed and the apparent rupture-phase speed, we conduct 3-D dynamic rupture simulations for this Mw 7.8 event and compare the synthetic rupture front with the rupture phase. We find that the rupture speed is slightly higher than the rupture-phase speed with a difference of 5% - 10%. Based on our modeling results, we infer the actual rupture speed of ~3.2 km/s along the south segment in the Mw 7.8 Turkey earthquake. Different from those waveform-fitting methods that require certain assumptions on the earthquake source, such as the relation between the rupture front and the radiation process or the slip rate function, our approach provide a fast and robust rupture speed estimation that can be done in real time.
The 4D Reconstruction of Dynamic Geologic Processes for Renowned Geologic Features
Authors: Guo Jiateng , Liu Zhibin , Wang Xulei , Wu Lixin , Liu Shanjun , Li Yunqiang
Published: March 2023

Abstract. The three-dimensional (3D) visualization of geological structures and the dynamic simulation of geologic evolutionary processes are helpful when studying the formation of renowned geologic features. However, most of the existing 3D modelling software is based on raster models, which is unable to generate smooth geologic boundaries. This work proposes a three-dimensional and temporally dynamic (i.e., 4D) modelling method using parametric functions and vector data structures, which can dynamically build geologic evolutionary vector models of well-known geologic features. First, we extract the typical features of different kinds of geologic formations and represent them using different parameters. Next, appropriate parametric functions are selected to simulate these geologic formations according to the characteristics of the individual structures. Then, we designed and developed a 4D vector modelling software to simulate the geologic evolution of these features. Finally, we simulated an area with complex geologic structures and selected six real-world geologic features, such as the Piqiang Fault in China and the Eye of the Sahara in the Sahara Desert, as case studies. The modelling results show that a regional geologic evolutionary model that contains smooth boundaries can be established quickly using this method. This work will support studies into the formation of these renowned geological features and make the representation of geologic processes more intuitive.
A calculation method of unsaturated soil water content based on thermodynamic equilibrium
Authors: Su Danhui , Zhou Jianwei , Yin Zuocong , Feng Haibo , Zheng Xiaoming , Han Xu , Hou Qingqiu
Published: March 2023

Abstract. Accurate determination of soil water content is crucial for studying the local ecological water cycle, agriculture, forests and grasslands management, slope stability, environmental processes, and ecological problems. Current measurement methods of soil water content have challenges with the complicated operation, high costs, significant system errors, and soil type-specific accuracy. In this study, we proposed an alternative method to measure soil water content using the ratios of mass and density of water to vapor based on system science and thermodynamics. We derived the mass ratio and density ratio of water to vapor as a function of temperature from published data and validated the accuracy of the proposed method using observed temperature, relative humidity, and volumetric water content in two soil textures of medium and fine sand. We further demonstrated that the mass ratio function is independent of the nature of the water-containing media using theoretical and statistical analysis. The absolute error of soil water content between the calculated and measured ones is less than 1 % and is positively correlated with temperature. This study significantly improves the measurement accuracy of soil water content, eliminates the effect of water-containing medium on soil water content measuring, and has excellent potential for application in the field soil and even rock water content measurement.
Controls on flood managed aquifer recharge through a heterogeneous vadose zone: hydrologic modeling at a site characterized with surface geophysics
Authors: Perzan Zach , Osterman Gordon , Maher Kate
Published: March 2023

Abstract. In water-stressed regions of the world, managed aquifer recharge (MAR), the process of intentionally recharging depleted aquifers, is an essential tool for combating groundwater depletion. Many groundwater-dependent regions, including the Central Valley in California, USA, are underlain by thick unsaturated zones (ca. 10 to 40 m thick), nested within complex valley-fill deposits that can hinder or facilitate recharge. Within the saturated zone, interconnected deposits of coarse-grained material (sands and gravel) can act as preferential recharge pathways, while fine-textured facies (silts and clays) accommodate the majority of the long-term increase in aquifer storage. However, this relationship is more complex within the vadose zone. Coarse facies can act as capillary barriers that restrict flow, and contrasts in matric potential can draw water from coarse-grained flow paths into fine-grained, low-permeability zones. To determine the impact of unsaturated-zone stratigraphic heterogeneity on MAR effectiveness, we simulate recharge at a Central Valley almond orchard surveyed with a towed transient electromagnetic system. First, we identified three outcomes of interest for MAR sites: infiltration rate at the surface, residence time of water in the root zone and saturated-zone recharge efficiency, which is defined as the increase in saturated-zone storage induced by MAR. Next, we developed a geostatistical approach for parameterizing a 3D variably saturated groundwater flow model using geophysical data. We use the resulting workflow to evaluate the three outcomes of interest and perform Monte Carlo simulations to quantify their uncertainty as a function of model input parameters and spatial uncertainty. Model results show that coarse-grained facies accommodate rapid infiltration rates and that contiguous blocks of fine-grained sediments within the root zone are >20 % likely to remain saturated longer than almond trees can tolerate. Simulations also reveal that capillary-driven flow draws recharge water into unsaturated, fine-grained sediments, limiting saturated-zone recharge efficiency. Two years after inundation, fine-grained facies within the vadose zone retain an average of 37 % of recharge water across all simulations, where it is inaccessible to either plants or pumping wells. Global sensitivity analyses demonstrate that each outcome of interest is most sensitive to parameters that describe the fine facies, implying that future work to reduce MAR uncertainty should focus on characterizing fine-grained sediments.
The solid-state DNP effect in liquids
Authors: Sezer Deniz
Published: March 2023

Abstract. The solid-state effect of dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP) is operative also in viscous liquids where the dipolar interaction between the electronic and nuclear spins is partially averaged. The proper way to quantify the degree of averaging, and thus calculate the efficiency of the effect, should be based on the time-correlation function of the dipolar interaction. Here we develop a general theoretical description which can take different dipolar correlations functions depending on the assumed motional model. At high magnetic fields, the theory predicts DNP enhancements at small offsets, far from the classical solid-effect positions that are displaced by one nuclear Larmor frequency from the electronic resonance. The predictions are in quantitative agreement with such enhancement peaks observed at 9.4 T [Kuzhelev et al. JACS, 144, 1164 (2022)]. These non-canonical peaks are not due to thermal mixing or the cross effect but exactly follow the dispersive component of the EPR line.
Brief communication: New sonde to unravel the mystery of polar subglacial lakes
Authors: Sun Youhong , Li Bing , Fan Xiaopeng , Li Yuansheng , Li Guopin , Yu Haibin , Li Hongzhi , Wang Dongliang , Zhang Nan , Gong Da , Wang Rusheng , Li Yazhou , Talalay Pavel G.
Published: March 2023

Abstract. The newly developed RECoverable Autonomous Sonde (RECAS)
allows sampling and analysis of subglacial water while the subglacial lake
remains isolated from the surface. The sonde was successfully tested in East Antarctica during the 2021–2022 field season: it reached the ice-sheet base at a depth of 200.3 m, sampled basal meltwater and measured its pressure, temperature, pH and conductivity and returned to the ice surface. The average downward penetration rate was 1.85 m h−1, and the average upward penetration rate was 2.94 m h−1. The successful test of a self-melting, recoverable probe in Antarctica marks further progress towards the clean exploration of subglacial water bodies.
The response of sea ice and high-salinity shelf water in the Ross Ice Shelf Polynya to cyclonic atmosphere circulations
Authors: Wang Xiaoqiao , Zhang Zhaoru , Dinniman Michael S. , Uotila Petteri , Li Xichen , Zhou Meng
Published: March 2023

Abstract. Coastal polynyas in the Ross Sea are important source regions of high-salinity shelf water (HSSW) – the precursor of Antarctic Bottom Water that
supplies the lower limb of the thermohaline circulation. Here, the response
of sea ice production and HSSW formation to synoptic-scale and mesoscale
cyclones was investigated for the Ross Ice Shelf Polynya (RISP) using a
coupled ocean–sea ice–ice shelf model targeted on the Ross Sea. When
synoptic-scale cyclones prevailed over RISP, sea ice production (SIP)
increased rapidly by 20 %–30 % over the entire RISP. During the passage of mesoscale cyclones, SIP increased by about 2 times over the western RISP but decreased over the eastern RISP, resulting respectively from enhancement in
the offshore and onshore winds. HSSW formation mainly occurred in the
western RISP and was enhanced responding to the SIP increase under both
types of cyclones. Promoted HSSW formation could persist for 12–60 h after the decay of the cyclones. The HSSW exports across the Drygalski
Trough and the Glomar Challenger Trough were positively correlated with the
meridional wind. Such correlations are mainly controlled by variations in
geostrophic ocean currents that result from sea surface elevation change and density differences.
Impact of shallow sills on heat transport and stratification regimes in proglacial fjords
Authors: Bao Weiyang , Moffat Carlos
Published: March 2023

Abstract. The increased melting and rapid retreat of glaciers is a main contributor to sea level rise. In shallow-silled fjords common in Patagonia, Alaska, and other systems, these bathymetric features may act as the first-order control on the dynamics, constraining fjord-shelf exchange and thereby modulating glacial melting. However, we still lack a clear understanding of how circulation and associated heat transport in shallow-silled glacial fjords are modulated by fjord-glacier geometry and fjord-shelf properties. To address this, idealized numerical simulations are conducted using a coupled plume-ocean fjord model. The steady-state fjord exhibits strong mixing and vertical transport over the sill. Relatively colder water from the upper-layer outflow is refluxed into the deeper layer, cooling the incoming warm oceanic water and modifying water properties near the glacier front. Driven by a shallow sill, up to ~70 % of the outflow is refluxed downward and leads to ~10 % cooling of the inflow and the deep fjord. A range of sensitivity experiments indicate that sill depth, subglacial discharge, ambient fjord temperature and stratification are key parameters that modulate the heat transport to the glacier terminus. In particular, the relative depth of the fjord, the sill, and the terminal height of meltwater plume are used to characterize four circulation and heat transport regimes. The sill-driven reflux is found to result in a decrease of both deep fjord temperature and stratification, which have opposite effects on the glacial melt rate. These results underscore the importance of sill bathymetry and associated fjord processes in the variability of oceanic heat supply to melting glaciers.
The value of wake steering wind farm control in U.S. energy markets
Authors: Simley Eric , Millstein Dev , Jeong Seongeun , Fleming Paul
Published: March 2023

Abstract. Wind farm flow control represents a category of control strategies for increasing wind plant power production and/or reducing structural loads by mitigating the impact of wake interactions between wind turbines. Wake steering is a wind farm flow control technology in which specific turbines are misaligned with the wind to deflect their wakes away from downstream turbines, thus increasing overall wind plant power production. In addition to promising results from simulation studies, wake steering has been shown to successfully increase energy production through several recent field trials. However, to better understand the benefits of wind farm flow control strategies such as wake steering, the value of the additional energy to the electrical grid should be evaluated—for example, by considering the price of electricity when the additional energy is produced. In this study, we investigate the potential for wake steering to increase the value of wind plant energy production by combining model predictions of power gains using the FLOw Redirection and Induction in Steady State (FLORIS) engineering wind farm control tool with historical electricity price data for 15 existing U.S. wind plants in four different electricity market regions. Specifically, for each wind plant, we use FLORIS to estimate power gains from wake steering for a time series of hourly wind speeds and wind directions spanning the years 2018–2020, obtained from the ERA5 reanalysis data set. The modeled power gains are then correlated with hourly electricity prices for the nearest transmission node. Through this process we find that wake steering increases annual energy production (AEP) between 0.5 % and 2 %, depending on the wind plant, with average increases in potential annual revenue (i.e., annual value production (AVP)) 10 % higher than the AEP gains. For all wind plants, AVP gain was found to exceed AEP gain. But the ratio between AVP gain and AEP gain is greater for wind plants in regions with high wind penetration because electricity prices tend to be relatively higher during periods with below-rated wind plant power production, when wake losses occur and wake steering is active; for wind plants in the Southwest Power Pool—the region with the highest wind penetration analyzed (31 %)—the increase in AVP from wake steering is 21 % higher than the AEP gain. Consequently, we expect the value of wake steering, and other types of wind farm flow control, to increase as wind penetration continues to grow.
Evropski koncept neodvisnega sodstva in kvantifikacija formalne neodvisnosti sodstva v izbranih državah Evropske unije
Authors: Lipič Plohl Danaja , Ferčič Aleš
Published: March 2023

Avtorja obravnavata pravne standarde, ki jih glede neodvisnega sodstva vsebujejo dokumenti oziroma pravni akti Sveta Evrope ter sodne prakse Evropskega sodišča za človekove pravice in Sodišča Evropske unije. Iz njih izpeljeta evropski koncept neodvisnega sodstva. Za operacionalizacijo tega koncepta sta izdelala poseben test, ki je priložen članku in ki
omogoča kvantifikacijo formalne neodvisnosti sodstva v posameznih državah, zlasti pa v državah članicah Evropske unije. Na podlagi prej omenjenega testa sta analizirala hrvaško, madžarsko, nemško, poljsko
in slovensko pravno ureditev na področju sodstva. Glede tega sta ugotovila, da v poljski in madžarski pravni ureditvi obstajajo sistemske pomanjkljivosti, ki po mnenju avtorjev ne zagotavljajo nekaterih temeljnih evropskih pravnih standardov neodvisnega sodstva, takih pomanjkljivosti pa nista ugotovila v hrvaški, nemški in slovenski pravni ureditvi. V zvezi s slednjimi sta ugotovila razlike pri posameznih pravnih standardih, ki kažejo, da so v vsaki od opazovanih pravnih ureditev mogoče, pravzaprav zaželene izboljšave, celokupno gledano pa so pravne ureditve teh držav primerljive, saj dosegajo rezultat okrog 0,8 (80 odstotkov), kar zadošča za sklep, da je zagotovljena formalna neodvisnost sodstva v Hrvaški, Nemčiji in Sloveniji. Avtorja posebno pozornost namenjata primerom, ki so morda na prvi pogled videti skladni z evropskim standardi neodvisnega sodstva, dejansko pa niso. Glede tega na primeru sodnega sveta poleg zunanjih vplivov oziroma napadov na neodvisno sodstvo opozarjata na tako imenovane notranje napade, ki lastnost značaj trojanskega konja
Determining the Ability of the Vision, Aphasia, and Neglect (VAN) Stroke Scale to Identify Large Vessel Occlusion Strokes Within the Prehospital Setting: A Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Lydia Leavitt
Published: March 2023

Introduction: There are several stroke assessment scales designed to identify large vessel occlusions (LVOs), and a rising area of research is concerned with identifying those that outperform others in accuracy. One scale that has shown promise in identifying identify large vessel occlusions (LVOs) is the vision, aphasia, and neglect (VAN) scale. Our understanding of this scale’s true performance, however, is limited as a majority of studies have been carried out in the hospital setting. The objective of this study is to evaluate the ability of the VAN scale to predict LVOs in the prehospital setting.
Methods: Prospective cohort study comparing emergency medical service personnel administered VAN results to hospital discharge diagnoses to evaluate VAN’s ability to predict a large vessel occlusion stroke. Main outcome measures included VAN sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values, positive and negative likelihood ratios, and accuracy. 
Results: Emergency medical service personnel administered the VAN assessment to 185 patients suspected of having a stroke. VAN had a sensitivity of 0.81 (CI, 0.61 to 0.93), specificity 0.56 (CI, 0.48 to 0.64), positive predictive value 0.24 (CI, 0.61 to 0.34), negative predictive value 0.95 (CI, 0.87 to 0.98), positive likelihood ratio 1.87 (CI, 1.45 – 2.40), negative likelihood ratio 0.33 (CI, 0.15 – 0.73), and 60% accuracy (CI, 53% - 61%) for large vessel occlusion identification.
Conclusion: When negative, VAN offers relatively high assurance that the patient is not suffering a large vessel occlusion stroke. However, VAN is non-specific for large vessel occlusions and results in many false positives. Therefore, pre-hospital decision-making regarding triage should not rely exclusively on VAN due to possible over-triage to facilities with endovascular capabilities.
Myasthenia Gravis Exacerbation Following COVID-19 Vaccine: A Case Report
Authors: Gabralla Thoybah Yousif Ibrahim , Bashir Hayat Abdoallah Ahmed , Mohamed Omaima Abdalla Hajahmed
Published: March 2023

Background: As of December 2021, the World Health Organization (WHO) reports that Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) led to about 5,403,662 deaths. While COVID-19 has resulted in millions of deaths worldwide to date, vaccination remains the mainstay of infection control. AZD1222 (AstraZeneca vaccine) was distributed in Sudan by the COVID-19 Vaccines Global Access facility in March 2021. It was added to the emergency use list by WHO in the middle of February 2021. However, vaccine safety among patients with autoimmune diseases, such as myasthenia gravis (MG), is yet to be established. MG is a relatively rare illness that could result in life-threatening complications. Myasthenic crisis is considered the most serious complication of MG that can lead to death due to aspiration and respiratory failure. Plasma exchange (PLEX), Immunoadsorption (IA), and intravenous Immunoglobulin (IVIG) are the first-line treatment for myasthenic crisis. It is proven that cortisone has a positive effect when used as add-on therapy with PLEX/IA and IVIG.

 

The case: We report the case of a 37-year-old Sudanese female who presented to the emergency room with an exacerbation of her previously well-controlled MG following her second dose of AZD1222 vaccination. The exacerbation symptoms at time of presentation were severe generalized body weakness that increasing overtime and shortness of breath. Computerized tomography of the chest was performed, and it revealed no evidence of COVID-19. Management at the ER started with rehydration and IV methylprednisolone 1g, followed by IV hydrocortisone 200mg. She continued to deteriorate and was admitted to the intensive care unit where she was intubated and placed on a mechanical ventilator. IVIG was requested but couldn't be obtained due to the low-income setting, and fourteen days after admission patient died due to circulatory collapse. Our study aims to present an MG case with features of MG exacerbation following the administration of the second dose of AZD1222.

 

Conclusion: Little is known about the effect of different COVID-19 vaccines on subgroups of patients with autoimmune diseases like MG. Although the safety profile of AZD1222 is generally reassuring, people with severe underlying diseases were excluded from trials. Therefore, more efforts and experimental studies may be needed, with closer vigilance in MG patients. It has not been elucidated how the COVID-19 vaccine might provoke autoimmunity, but several theories have been proposed. Molecular mimicry theory can explain how the genetic material of a virus could provoke autoimmunity, it describes the cross-reactivity of antibodies produced against proteins that are encoded by viral genetic material with the proteins located at the post-synaptic membrane. There is a debate about whether vaccine benefit outweighs the risk in MG patients or not. However, we believed that MG patients should be informed about the benefit and risks of COVID-19 vaccination.
Medical & Dental Students' Perceptions of Health and Well-Being
Authors: Mumtaz Hassan , Rahat Manahil , Javed Mehwish , Zohair Nadia , Qayyum Shazia
Published: March 2023

Objective: As a way to examine how medical & dental students adhere to different dimensions of well-being within the framework of physical, emotional and spiritual well-being,
Methods: A cross-sectional questionnaire study of Riphah International University's 300 medical & dental students from each gender was done from January to December 2010. Predictive Analysis Software (PASW) version 18 assessed the replies ranging from "no," "sometimes," "usually," and "yes/always" (numbered 0-4).
Results: The study population consisted of 287 out of the 300 questionnaires, or 95.7% of the total. A total of 103 men (35.89 percent) and 184 women (64.11 percent) participated in the poll. P values of 0.0159 and 0.0240 show that illness and athletic participation have an effect on physical well-being based on gender. Mood swings and family friends had p values of 0.0059 and 0.00, respectively, in relation to emotional well-being. P values of 0.0024 and 0.0116 show that prayer and spiritual fasting have an effect on spiritual well-being. It is clear that spiritual wellbeing is distinct from emotional and bodily wellness, as shown by Tukey's simultaneous comparison t-values (d.f. = 858).
Conclusion: As part of their basic curriculum, medical students should be taught stress and time management methods in order to better handle the stress and demands of practicing medicine. Colleges and institutions need to increase and enhance their research on gender bias in health and wellness.
Prevalence of Anemia Among Pregnant Women in Rural Village of Sindhupalchowk District of Nepal - A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Thapa Biyas , Bohara Smriti , KC Sistu , Sapkota Madan , Dhakal Bibek , Gaire Binod
Published: March 2023

Background:
Anemia is a global public health problem all around the world, principally the developing countries like Nepal. Anemia results in maternal mortality alongside low birth weight which contributes to an increased infant mortality rate. The prevalence of anemia ranges from 27% to 42% among pregnant women depending on geographical regions. Iron and folic acid tablets are supplied free of charge to pregnant women as part of the Nepal government's National Anemia Control Strategy and Iron Intensification Program. 
Methods: 
A cross-sectional study was carried out among pregnant women attending Manekharka health center for an antenatal checkup. Hemoglobin levels of pregnant women from April 2018-2020 were obtained and analyzed. Hemoglobin level was determined using the indirect cyanmethemoglobin method.
Results:
 We used the World Health Organization (WHO) standard classification of hemoglobin levels below 11 gm/dl to determine the prevalence of anemia in pregnant women. The result suggested that a total of 30.7%, (n=63) of the pregnant women were anemic. Among which 4.76% had moderate anemia (hemoglobin 7-9.9gm/dl) and 96.58% had mild anemia (hemoglobin ≥9.9mg/dl to <11gm/dl).
Conclusion: 
The study and its results suggest that the women in the age group 16-19 had a higher prevalence of anemia whereas the age group 25-29 had the lowest prevalence of anemia. Moreover, the study revealed that the prevalence of anemia in hills is substantial.
The Impact of COVID-19 on People’s Access to Healthcare and Health Behavior in a Sample of Indian Population: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Dandge Shailendra , Kanumuri Manisha , Eppalapally Akhil Kumar
Published: March 2023

Background: The threat of COVID-19 is likely to have contributed to changes in people's behavior related to accessing healthcare, modifying lifestyles, and exploring alternative methods of securing health. The objectives, therefore, were to characterize the challenges in accessing healthcare, and the countermeasures that people adopted to mitigate such challenges. 
Methods:  A cross-sectional survey was conducted using a 26-item questionnaire on google forms. It was administered to individuals 18 years and older. The participants were family members of medical students at MediCiti Institute of Medical Sciences, Hyderabad, India. Continuous data are summarized as mean and standard deviation, while categorical data are represented in proportions and percentages. Data analysis was done using STATA Version 14.2.
Results: Of the expected 600 participants, 247 responded (41.7% response rate), and nearly 63% reported difficulties in accessing healthcare during the lockdown. About 40% of the participants reported that they visited a hospital for non-COVID-19 health concerns. However, none of them felt comfortable with the hospital visit for the risk of acquiring COVID-19 infection. Similarly, nearly 62% of those with chronic illnesses defaulted on their regular follow-up visits. Further, nearly 50% reported taking unprescribed medications or supplements, and about 65% reported adopting preventive measures such as steam inhalation or diet modification. Nearly 50% expressed that given an option, they would not prefer online consultations.
Conclusion: The majority of participants reported difficulties in accessing healthcare during the lockdown and subsequent unlock phases. Self-medication with multivitamins, use of home remedies, and traditional and alternative forms of medicine were high. However, the preference for online consultations was low.