bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A new species of Podapolipus (Acari: Heterostigmata: Podapolipidae) from an Australian gryllacridid cricket (Orthoptera), with keys to orthopteran-associated species of the genus
Authors: LINDQUIST EVERT E. , SIDORCHUK EKATERINA A.
Published: July 2019

A new species of the ectoparasitic mite genus Podapolipus Rovelli & Grassi, 1888 from a recently described species of the raspy cricket genus Chauliogryllacris Rentz, in Rentz and John,1990 (Orthoptera: Gryllacrididae) is described. The main distinctions of Podapolipus gryllacridi n. sp. from its described congeners from orthopterans are the larval female and adult male having all dorsal and ventral idiosomatic setae, except the greatly elongated pair of scapular setae (and the caudal setae of the larval female), reduced to the size of microsetae; the larval female having separate tergites C and D; the male having an entire prodorsal shield, with apex of the aedeagus between bases of setae v1; and the adult female having smooth dorsal shields. Novel biological features of this parasite include its adult females’ dwelling in the hollow sternal apodemes of their host, and its larval females using their host’s other parasite, a gamasine mite, as phoretic and facultative hyperparasitic hosts. Keys are presented for the larval females and adult males of Podapolipus species associated with orthopterans. Problems with the generic concept of Podapolipus and closely related genera are reviewed. This is the first record of a podapolipid associated with orthopterans of the family Gryllacrididae.
Revision of the genus Athyreacarus (Acari: Athyreacaridae)
Authors: KHAUSTOV ALEXANDER A. , FROLOV ANDREY V.
Published: July 2019

Mites of the genus Athyreacarus (Acari: Athyreacaridae) associated with bolboceratine beetles (Coleoptera: Geotrupidae: Bolboceratine) of New World are revised, a new generic concept provided, and the family concept modified. Nine new species are described: A. grandis sp. nov. on Neoathyreus lanuginosus in Brazil; A. magnificus sp. nov. on Athyreus tuberifer in Brazil; A. variabilis sp. nov. on Neoathyreus cf. anthracinus in Brazil; A. similis sp. nov. on Neoathyreus centromaculatus in Bolivia; A. vazdemelloi sp. nov. on Parathyreus rectus in Brazil; A. pusillus sp. nov. on Athyreus brasilicus in Brazil; A. latus sp. nov. on Athyreus cf. bifurcatus from unknown locality; A. angustus sp. nov. on Bolbelasmus horni in USA; and A. ovalis sp. nov. on Bolbelasmus variabilis in Mexico. Bolbapium striatopunctatum, B. minutum, and B. sculpturatum are recorded as new phoretic host beetles for Athyreacarus primitivus. A key to genera and species of the family Athyreacaridae is provided.
Trichoribates sidorchukae sp. nov. (Acari, Oribatida, Ceratozetidae) from tropical montane Ecuador, with revised generic diagnosis
Authors: BEHAN-PELLETIER VALERIE M. , ERMILOV SERGEY G.
Published: July 2019

Species of the oribatid mite genus Trichoribates (Oribatida, Ceratozetidae) are primarily north temperate in distribution, with only two species known from the Neotropics. We describe Trichoribates sidorchukae sp. nov. from the tropical montane of Ecuador, based on adult morphology, the first species in the genus from Ecuador. We provide a revised generic diagnosis to include character states overlooked in previous diagnoses. An identification key to known species of Trichoribates in the Neotropical region is provided.
Description of a new Pergalumna (Acari: Oribatida: Galumnidae) species from Mexico and its postembryonic development
Authors: PÁEZ JAIR , VILLAGOMEZ FERNANDO , PALACIOS-VARGAS JÓSE G.
Published: July 2019

A new species of Pergalumna from soil and litter was reared in laboratory and a description of adult and juveniles is provided. Adults are characterized by having bands of striae in the posterior part of notogaster, the interlamellar seta are longer than all other prodorsal setae and the lenticular area covers most of the prodorsum. It differs from Pergalumna boliviana by having long interlamellar seta, bigger ellipsoidal porose area Aa and the presence of A2; it differs from Pergalumna paraboliviana by the shape of porose areas; i.e. Aa being ellipsoidal and big, A1 is the smallest, Ap is absent and there are longitudinal striate bands on the prodorsum and ventral plate.
A new myrmecophilous mite species of the genus Cosmolaelaps Berlese, 1903 (Acari, Mesostigmata, Laelapidae) from Central Europe (Slovakia)
Authors: MAŠÁN PETER , BABAEIAN ESMAEIL
Published: July 2019

A new laelapid mite of the genus Cosmolaelaps Berlese, 1903, C. ekaterinae sp. n., is described based on female and male adults found in a mixed ant colony of Lasius umbratus (Nylander, 1846) infiltrated by another congeneric species, Lasius fuliginosus (Latreille, 1798). The new species is unusual for Cosmolaelaps in having dorsal setae that are particularly elongate and tapered. In addition to the new species description, we comment on the classification of some species that were recently included in Cosmolaelaps.
A new species of Adamystis (Acari: Trombidiformes: Adamystidae) from Iran
Authors: GHASEMI-MOGHADAM SAHEBEH , AHADIYAT ALI , SABOORI ALIREZA , FATHIPOUR YAGHOUB
Published: July 2019

A new species, Adamystis ekaterinae Ghasemi-Moghadam & Saboori sp. nov. is described and illustrated based on adult females collected from soil in the Chitgar Forest Park, Iran. This new species is distinguished by having dimpled vacuoles between sci and sce on lateral propodosoma; one pair of eyes associated with postocular bodies; smooth dorsal idiosomal shield; setae h1, h2, ps1 and ps2 on smooth platelets and lacking lens like structures.
The Origin of Soil Moisture Evaporation “Regimes”
Authors: Vargas Zeppetello Lucas R. , Battisti David S. , Baker Marcia B.
Published: July 2019

Evaporation plays an extremely important role in determining summertime surface temperature variability over land. Observations show the relationship between evaporation and soil moisture generally conforms to the Budyko “two regime” framework; namely, that evaporation is limited by available soil moisture in dry climates and by radiation in wet climates. This framework has led climate models to different parameterizations of the relationship between evaporation and soil moisture in wet and dry regions. We have developed the Simple Land–Atmosphere Model (SLAM) as a tool for studying land–atmosphere interaction in general, and summertime temperature variability in particular. We use the SLAM to show that a negative feedback between evaporation and surface temperature gives rise to the two apparent evaporation “regimes” and provide analytic solutions for evaporative cooling anomalies that demonstrate the nonlinear impact of soil moisture perturbations. Stemming from the temperature dependence of vapor pressure deficit, the feedback we identify has important implications for how transitions between wet and dry land surfaces may impact temperature variability as the climate warms. We also elucidate the impacts of surface moisture and insolation perturbations on latent and sensible heat fluxes and on surface temperature variability.
Multivariate Ensemble Sensitivity Analysis for Super Typhoon Haiyan (2013)
Authors: Ren Sijing , Lei Lili , Tan Zhe-Min , Zhang Yi
Published: July 2019

Ensemble sensitivity is often a diagonal approximation to the multivariate regression, leading to a simple univariate regression. Comparatively, the multivariate ensemble sensitivity retains the full covariance matrix when computing the multivariate regression. The performances of both univariate and multivariate ensemble sensitivities in multiscale flows have not been thoroughly examined, and the demonstration of the latter in realistic applications has been sparse. A high-resolution ensemble forecast of Typhoon Haiyan (2013) is used to examine the performances of the two ensemble sensitivities. Compared to the multivariate sensitivity, the univariate sensitivity overestimates the forecast metric, especially at higher levels. To increase the predicted Haiyan’s intensity, multivariate ensemble sensitivity gives initial perturbations characterized by a warming area around the center of the storm, an increased moisture area around the eyewall, a stronger primary circulation around the radius of maximum wind, and stronger inflow at low levels and stronger outflow at high levels. Perturbed initial condition experiments verify that the predicted response from the multivariate sensitivity is more accurate than that from the univariate sensitivity. Therefore, the ability of multivariate sensitivity to provide more accurate predicted responses than the univariate sensitivity has been demonstrated in a realistic multiscale flow application.
A Black Epistemology for the Social and Solidarity Economy: The Black Social Economy
Authors: Hossein Caroline Shenaz
Published: July 2019

A Black epistemology in economics is needed to bring ethics back into business. Contributions of racialized people in the economy are ignored. Black and racialized scholars also find that their work is not cited, even by the most liberal-minded social economists. In the Americas, Black and racialized citizens innovate in the social and solidarity economy; yet their work goes unnoticed in the academic literature, or scholars approach them as the “Other” without invoking theory that reflects the very people they are writing about. Although the ills of neoliberal variants of capitalism are known, the diverse economies in which Black folk engage are less understood. Forcing White and European ideas on a non-White experience is limited in what it can do effect social change. Nor can we sever the Western ideologies in the field because it is this very bias why the Black radical tradition and other Black theories come into being. There is no shortage of Black writings on solidarity economics and they can now be housed in Black social economy. A Black social economy epistemology is politicized for goodness, and it is grounded theory, inclusive of the Black radical tradition, and lived experience because of the explanatory powers of these theoretical approaches to disrupt mainstream business and society.
Martin Luther at the Women’s March?
Authors: Marga Amy
Published: July 2019

This article was given as a lecture for the Pitts Library Reformation Day at Emory University, October, 25, 2019. It explores if and how the German, medieval monk Martin Luther could be helpful to white feminist theology today as it stretches beyond itself to join the community of global feminist theologians. It demonstrates how specific ideas of Luther, such as his trust in bodily experiences and the outward turn to the neighbor in his doctrine of salvation, can be helpful to the feminist theological conversation today. But it also shows his limits, especially in his attitudes towards women, difference, and his upholding of patriarchal ideas.
Perceived Accent Discrimination: Psychosocial Consequences and Perceived Legitimacy
Authors: Freynet Nathalie , Clément Richard
Published: July 2019

Prior research has documented that nonstandard ways of speaking can be subject to discrimination, and that nonstandard speakers are aware of the biases toward their accents. However, few studies have investigated the consequences of this for the stigmatized speaker. The objectives of this study are to explore how perceived legitimacy of discrimination moderates the relationship between perceived accent discrimination and the following two variables: (a) situated francophone identity and (b) French language confidence. Participants were nonnative ( n = 113) and native ( n = 225) speakers of French who completed questionnaires assessing the above constructs. Moderated regression analyses revealed that language discrimination is significantly and negatively related to language confidence. For native speakers from a high vitality region, legitimacy was found to moderate the relation between language discrimination and identity. When discrimination was perceived to be less legitimate, the relation between perceived discrimination and situated identity was positive.
When men choose to be childless: An interpretative phenomenological analysis
Authors: Smith Imogene , Knight Tess , Fletcher Richard , Macdonald Jacqui A.
Published: July 2019

A growing number of individuals expressly choose to remain childless, yet research exploring these intentions in men remains scarce. This study examines the experiences, subjective reasoning, and decision-making processes of voluntarily childless Australian men near the median age for first-time fatherhood. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 11 Australian-resident men (28–34 years; M = 31; SD = 1.48). Participants were selected from the Men and Parenting Pathways longitudinal cohort study ( N = 609) based on having stated they did not want to have children “at all.” Data were collected and analyzed using interpretative phenomenological analysis. Analysis identified a superordinate theme; Fatherhood: The door is still ajar, which was marked by the men’s reluctance to unequivocally commit to a childless future. Subordinate themes were The Realization, The Talk (or lack of…), The Rationale, and The Pressure. At the normative age for transitioning to parenthood, role choices are salient. Overall, men’s decision-making process to not have children appears to be fluid and influenced by intrinsic and extrinsic factors. Despite changing social trends and acceptance of divergent life trajectories, these men are acutely aware that their intentions place them outside the norm. In policy and practice, it is important to recognize the changing norms around fatherhood timing and support voluntarily childless men and couples in constructing their identities, life course, incongruent decisions, and relationships.
Clozapine and tardive dyskinesia in patients with schizophrenia: A systematic review
Authors: Pardis Parnian , Remington Gary , Panda Roshni , Lemez Milan , Agid Ofer
Published: July 2019

Background:

It is commonly recommended that a switch to clozapine be implemented in the face of tardive dyskinesia, even if current treatment involves another “atypical” agent. However, reports do indicate clozapine carries a liability for tardive dyskinesia.

Aims:

This review sought to evaluate clozapine in relation to tardive dyskinesia in the context of available evidence.

Methods:

Medline, Embase, and PsycINFO databases were searched for studies published in English, using the keywords: clozapine AND tardive dyskinesia OR TD. References from major review articles were searched for additional relevant publications. Studies were included if they investigated: tardive dyskinesia in clozapine-treated patients diagnosed with schizophrenia spectrum disorders, and reported on two or more assessments of tardive dyskinesia severity measured by the Abnormal Involuntary Movement Scale; or clozapine’s tardive dyskinesia liability.

Results:

In total, 513 unique citations were identified and 29 reports met the inclusion criteria. Thirteen studies suggest clozapine reduces dyskinetic symptoms over time ( n=905 clozapine-treated participants); however, the minimum required dose and effect of withdrawal requires further investigation. The majority of reports which address clozapine’s liability for tardive dyskinesia are case studies (11 of 14 reports, 79%), and clozapine was only the first-line treatment in one of the remaining three studies reporting treatment-emergent dyskinetic symptoms with clozapine in 12% of patients. No significant between-drug differences were identified comparing clozapine’s risk to other atypical antipsychotics.

Conclusions:

Research to date supports switching to clozapine for the purpose of reducing tardive dyskinesia risk and/or treating existing tardive dyskinesia, but prospective randomized controlled trials are necessary if we are to substantiate existing recommendations.
Performativity and convergence in comparative corporate governance
Authors: Veldman Jeroen , Willmott Hugh
Published: July 2019

We engage with the convergence/divergence debate in the comparative study of corporate governance by commending a nuanced formulation of the convergence thesis. Directing attention to the precarious constitution and adoption of knowledge claims about corporate status and architecture in the field of corporate governance we suggest that the study of comparative corporate governance might usefully incorporate consideration of claims about corporate governance as potentially performative statements that function to stabilize particular ideas of status and architecture of the modern corporation with substantive outcomes for political economy, thereby influencing the shape of the institutions comprising the field of corporate governance. We conclude that the predominantly epistemological preoccupations of participants in the convergence/divergence debate could be usefully refined and supplemented by giving closer attention, empirical as well as theoretical, to the relation between performativity, convergence/divergence, and political economy.
Surface characterization of nanostructured commercially pure titanium modified by sandblasting and acid-etching for implant applications
Authors: Reshadi F , Khorasani S , Faraji G
Published: July 2019

This study investigated the surface characteristics of ultrafine-grain commercially pure titanium (UFG CP-Ti) substrates produced by equal channel angular pressing (ECAP), compared with those of coarse-grain commercially pure titanium (CG CP-Ti) and Ti–6Al–4V (Ti-64) substrates. All Ti surfaces were sandblasted and acid-etched (SLA-treated) to produce micro-rough surfaces. Tensile and microhardness tests were carried out to measure the mechanical properties of fabricated samples. Then the surface characteristics of samples including contact angle measurements, surface morphology and in vitro cell response were evaluated after polishing, sandblasting and acid etching procedures. The results showed that after applying four passes of ECAP, the average grain size of microstructure decreased from 25 µm to 170 nm, while the ultimate tensile strength increased from 545 ± 24 MPa to 971 ± 38 MPa. Investigation of surface morphologies carried out by scanning electron microscopy indicated that ECAP-processed substrate exhibits nano-topography compared with CG CP-Ti and Ti-64 substrates after applying SLA process. In addition, the contact angle of SLA-treated CG CP-Ti and UFG CP-Ti substrates decreased from 68.3° to 9.5° and 51.9° to 7.4°, respectively, indicating a significant improvement of surface wettability. The morphologies of MG63 cells cultured on the developed surfaces proved the potential superior osteoblast cell compatibility of the micro-roughened surface made of UFG CP-Ti substrates over CG CP-Ti and Ti-64 substrates.
‘Russell Brand’s a joke, right?’ Contrasting perceptions of Russell Brand’s legitimacy in grassroots and electoral politics
Authors: Watts Ellen
Published: July 2019

Russell Brand’s interventions in the political field have taken multiple forms since he famously told Jeremy Paxman in October 2013 that he had never voted. The following year Brand joined the campaign to save the New Era estate in East London, seeking to ‘amplify’ the voices of residents by attracting positive mainstream media coverage and promoting their cause to his large social media audience. This audience, supposedly outside the ‘empty stadium’ of the mainstream campaign, was Labour leader Ed Miliband’s justification for being interviewed and endorsed by Brand during the 2015 election campaign. While the attention Brand received in both cases demonstrates his celebrity capital in the United Kingdom, he also faced contestation. Brand’s wealth complicated his claims to represent housing campaigners, while during the election his background as a working-class comedian conflicted with formal political norms. Using Saward’s theory of representative claims, this article explores how Brand made claims to represent citizens in each context and how these were evaluated. Brand’s negotiation of his status and the response he received in different political contexts is analysed drawing on fieldwork, Brand’s social media and YouTube content, and media coverage of his interventions. I argue that while Brand’s celebrity capital allowed him to work across the fields of entertainment and politics with ease, his status in the political field is dependent on successfully making claims to represent citizens.
Data agency at stake: MyData activism and alternative frames of equal participation
Authors: Lehtiniemi Tuukka , Haapoja Jesse
Published: July 2019

Data activism has emerged as a response to asymmetries in how data and the means of knowledge production are distributed. This article examines MyData, a data activism initiative developing principles for a new technical and commercial ecosystem in which individuals control the use of personal data. Analyzing material collected at a formative event shaping MyData activism, we examine how more just data arrangements are framed to enhance equal participation. Our analysis shows agreement on what is ultimately at stake: individual data agency and fair competition in the data economy. However, two alternatives are offered for what participation involves. Collaboration with commercial actors favors framing participation as agency in data markets, thereby potentially limiting the scope of what is at stake. The alternative framing presents a rights-based understanding of economic and civic agency, potentially leading to a broader understanding of participation in a datafied society.
Effect of physical, chemical and biological extraction methods on the physical behaviour of banana pseudo-stem fibres: Based on fibres extracted from five common Sri Lankan cultivars
Authors: Mumthas Abdul Cader Salahudeen Izzathul , Wickramasinghe Ganemulle Lekamalage Dharmasri , Gunasekera Ujithe SW
Published: July 2019

This article presents the strength, diameter, elongation and tenacity variations of banana pseudo-stem fibres extracted from five common Sri Lankan cultivars. The banana plants that were selected represent the dry and wet climatic zones of Sri Lanka. Mixtures of all layers of stem from the selected cultivars were subjected to three different extraction methods. Decortication technique was used for mechanical extraction, sodium hydroxide was used for chemical extraction and pectinase enzyme was used for biological extraction. The mechanical extraction method resulted in coarser fibres, chemical extraction resulted in a 30% reduction in the fibre diameter, while the biologically extracted fibre presented a 40% increase in fibre strength compared with the mechanically extracted fibres. Scanning electron microscopy analysis revealed the presence of damaged fibrils in mechanical extraction and removal of binder material in the chemical and biological extraction methods. Furthermore, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analysis proved the removal of lignin in chemical and biological extraction. Different cultivars presented different behaviours in extensibility, which is common in natural fibres.
Magnetic properties of smart textile fabrics through a coating method with NdFeB flake-like microparticles
Authors: Zhou Yan , Zhu Wei , Zhang Lifang , Gong Jingyu , Zhao Dandan , Liu Min , Lin Long , Meng Qi , Thompson Richard , Sun Ying
Published: July 2019

Coatings were prepared by using NdFeB flake-like microparticles with aqueous polyurethane polyol dispersions and were coated onto the surface of textile fabrics in order to obtain textile fabrics with good magnetic properties. X-ray diffraction and energy dispersive spectroscopy analysis showed that there was no significant oxidation and magnetic decline in the samples after 6 months. The surface morphologies of the textiles were characterized using scanning electron microscopy and optical microscopy. The results showed that the crack density (the number of cracks per unit area) increased with increasing magnetic microparticle content, which can be attributed to two reasons: on one hand, the stress concentration at areas of high powder concentrations fractured more easily; on the other hand, the expansion coefficients of magnetic microparticles and polymer materials are different. Three kinds of textile fabrics with different microparticle concentrations were magnetized by means of a magnetizing machine. It was found that the cotton knitted fabrics had the highest average surface magnetic induction intensity, reaching 19 mT when the content of magnetic microparticle was 50 wt%. It was considered that this was related to the magnetic field distribution, due to the surface friction coefficient of the textile fabrics and the positions/angles of the flake-like microparticles. The hysteresis loops were measured using a vibrating sample magnetometer, and the results showed that the higher the concentration of magnetic microparticles, the higher the magnetization of the fabric. In short, this method can be used to prepare fabrics with high magnetization required under special conditions.
Influence of the addition of styrene-butadiene rubber on the dynamic properties of polymer concrete for machine tool applications
Authors: Kepczak Norbert
Published: July 2019

In this study, the influence of the addition of styrene-butadiene rubber on the dynamic properties of polymer concrete was investigated. A 10% volume addition of styrene-butadiene rubber granulate with three different grain gradations was used for the tests. The modal study was carried out in the 0 to 2000 Hz frequency range. The response function for a single impulse excitation was tested. The relaxation time after excitation, the modes of natural vibrations and the amplitude of the transfer function values as well as vibration damping ratios were also compared. Finally, conclusions were formulated regarding the application of the styrene-butadiene rubber additive as a material to improve the dynamic properties of polymer concrete. The best results were obtained for a sample made with a 10% styrene-butadiene rubber volume addition with grain sizes from 0.6 to 2 mm. In this case, the biggest decrease of the amplitude of the transfer function value was 76%, while the biggest increase of the damping ratio was 431.5%, in comparison with the clear polymer concrete sample. The worst results were obtained for a sample made with a 10% styrene-butadiene rubber volume addition with grain sizes from 2.5 to 6 mm. In this case, the longest relaxation time of the sample, the increase of the amplitude of the transfer function value and the decrease in the damping coefficient were recorded.
Open science: The open clinical trials data journey
Authors: Rockhold Frank , Bromley Christina , Wagner Erin K , Buyse Marc
Published: July 2019

Open data sharing and access has the potential to promote transparency and reproducibility in research, contribute to education and training, and prompt innovative secondary research. Yet, there are many reasons why researchers don’t share their data. These include, among others, time and resource constraints, patient data privacy issues, lack of access to appropriate funding, insufficient recognition of the data originators’ contribution, and the concern that commercial or academic competitors may benefit from analyses based on shared data. Nevertheless, there is a positive interest within and across the research and patient communities to create shared data resources. In this perspective, we will try to highlight the spectrum of “openness” and “data access” that exists at present and highlight the strengths and weakness of current data access platforms, present current examples of data sharing platforms, and propose guidelines to revise current data sharing practices going forward.
Vitamin D metabolites are lower with active Crohn’s disease and spontaneously recover with development of remission
Authors: Haifer Craig , Lawrance Ian C. , Center Jacqueline R. , Clarke Michael W. , Hart Prue H. , Eisman John A. , Lucas Robyn , Ghaly Simon
Published: July 2019

Background:

Vitamin D deficiency is associated with active Crohn’s disease (CD). However, it remains unclear if lower 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] concentration is the cause, or consequence, of intestinal inflammation. Existing literature has focused on circulating 25(OH)D rather than the active metabolite 1,25(OH)2D, or its breakdown product, 24,25(OH)2D. We aimed to characterise vitamin D metabolism in a cohort of patients with active and inactive CD.

Methods:

Fifty-four patients with CD and not on corticosteroids or vitamin D supplements, were enrolled in a 6-month prospective cohort study. Sera were collected on enrolment and at 6 months and tested for 25(OH)D, 1,25(OH)2D, 24,25(OH)2D using liquid chromatography tandem mass spectroscopy as well as vitamin-D-binding protein.

Results:

There were no differences in 25(OH)D or 1,25(OH)2D levels between participants with active versus inactive disease. Levels of 24,25(OH)2D were significantly lower in those with active compared with inactive disease (mean 3.9 versus 6.0 µmol/l; p = 0.007) and therefore the ratio of 25(OH)D:24,25(OH)2D was higher (mean 17.3 versus 11.1; p = 0.001). In those patients with active disease who achieved remission, there was a mean increase in 25(OH)D of 32.3 nmol/l (i.e. to a level in the sufficient range) and 24,25(OH)2D of 2.1 µmol/l. These increases were not seen in patients with persistently active or inactive disease.

Conclusion:

Levels of 24,25(OH)2D, but not 25(OH)D, were lower in patients with active CD, and spontaneously increased with resolution of underlying inflammation. The utility of 24,25(OH)2D as a biomarker of disease activity and vitamin D status in CD warrants further exploration.
Students’ Perceptions of a Special Program for Developing Exceptional Talent in STEM
Authors: Wu I-Chen , Pease Randal , Maker C. June
Published: July 2019

This investigation was to explore perceptions of students who participated in the Cultivating Diverse Talents in STEM project in an R1 university through (a) university-based summer internship program, (b) subsequent school-year research internships, and (c) successive summer workshops or internships. Thirteen high school juniors from diverse backgrounds and low-income families were selected using a series of identification and assessment methods. Both the performance-based and paper-and-pencil assessments were measures of creative problem solving and application of conceptual understandings. A questionnaire was administered after students’ participation in the summer internship. The core theme, active involvement in problem solving inspired and motivated students with exceptional talent, was identified, including three categories: (a) academic initiative and engagement, (b) transition preparation, and (c) practical skill development. Strengths of diverse, underrepresented students with exceptional talent in STEM (spatial analytical skills, high academic resilience, and persistence) and critical elements of a quality STEM program (focusing on individual research interests and real-world problems, providing enriched and varied experiences, and creating supportive mentoring relationships) are included in the research implications.
Exercise chronotropic incompetence phenotypes the level of cardiovascular risk and exercise gas exchange impairment in the general population. An analysis of the Euro-EX prevention trial
Authors: Laforgia Pietro , Bandera Francesco , Alfonzetti Eleonora , Guazzi Marco
Published: July 2019

Background

Chronotropic insufficiency (CI) is defined as the inability of the heart to increase its rate commensurate with increased demand. Exercise CI is an established predictor of major adverse cardiovascular events in patients with cardiovascular diseases.

Aim

The aim of this study was to evaluate how exercise CI phenotypes different levels of cardiovascular risk and how it may better perform in defining cardiovascular risk when analysed in the context of cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPET)-derived measures and standard echocardiography in a healthy population with variable cardiovascular risk profile.

Methods

Apparently healthy individuals ( N = 702, 53.8% females) with at least one major cardiovascular risk factor (MCVRF; hypertension, diabetes, tabagism, dyslipidaemia, body mass index > 25), enrolled in the Euro-EX prevention trial, underwent CPET. CI was defined as the inability to reach 80% of the chronotropic index, that is, the ratio of peak heart rate – rest heart rate/peak heart rate – age predicted maximal heart rate (AMPHR: 220 – age), they were divided into four groups according to the heart rate reserve (<80%>) and respiratory gas exchange ratio (RER; < 1.05>) as a marker of achieved maximal performance. Subjects with a RER < 1.05 ( n = 103) were excluded and the final population ( n = 599) was divided into CI group ( n = 472) and no-CI group ( n = 177).

Results

Compared with no-CI, CI subjects were more frequently females with a history of hypertension in a high rate. CI subjects also exhibited a significantly lower peak oxygen uptake (VO2) and circulatory power and an echocardiographic pattern indicative of higher left atrial volume index and left ventricular mass index. An inverse stepwise relationship between heart rate reserve and number of MCVRFs was observed (one MCVRF: 0.71 ± 0.23; two MCVRFs: 0.68 ± 0.24, three MCVRFs: 0.64 ± 0.20; four MCVRFs: 0.64 ± 0.23; five MCVRFs: 0.57 ± 18; p < 0.01). In multivariate analysis the only variable found predicting CI was peak VO2 ( p < 0.05; odds ratio 0.91; confidence interval 0.85–0.97).

Conclusions

In a population of apparently healthy subjects, exercise CI is common and phenotypes the progressive level of cardiovascular risk by a tight relationship with MCVRFs. CI patients exhibit some peculiar abnormal exercise gas exchange patterns (lower peak VO2 and exercise oscillatory ventilation) and echo-derived measures (higher left atrium size and left ventricle mass) that may well anticipate evolution toward heart failure.
Understanding TEFL Academics’ Research Motivation and Its Relations With Research Productivity
Authors: Peng Jian-E , Gao Xuesong (Andy)
Published: July 2019

Motivation is considered an important impetus driving and sustaining individuals’ efforts to fulfill their goals. Against the backdrop that university academics worldwide are increasingly expected to produce research output in prestigious journals for both individual and institutional development, it is necessary to understand academics’ research motivation and its relations with research productivity in international and local journals. This study, being descriptive and explanatory in nature, surveyed 309 academics who taught English as a foreign language (TEFL) in China. Results showed that the participants exhibited stronger extrinsic motivation, in the form of external and identified regulations, than intrinsic motivation. However, these two subtypes of extrinsic motivation were significantly negatively associated with academic publishing, whereas intrinsic motivation was the significant positive factor associated with the participants’ publication in international journals. These findings remind both academics and educational managers of the importance of enhancing intrinsic motivation and refining contextual support in improving academics’ research productivity.
Epidemiology of Clavicle Fractures Among US High School Athletes, 2008-2009 Through 2016-2017
Authors: McCarthy Meagan M. , Bihl Jonathan H. , Frank Rachel M. , Salem Hytham S. , McCarty Eric C. , Comstock R. Dawn
Published: July 2019

Background:

Little is known about the epidemiology of clavicle fractures in United States (US) high school athletes. Sports participation among high school students has increased steadily, placing increased numbers at risk of sports-related injury.

Purpose:

To describe the epidemiology of clavicle fractures among high school athletes, including injury rates by sex, sport, and type of play and trends in operative versus nonoperative treatment.

Study Design:

Descriptive epidemiology study.

Methods:

The study data set included all athlete-exposure (AE) and clavicle fracture data collected from 2008-2009 through 2016-2017 from a large sample of US high schools as part of the National High School Sports-Related Injury Surveillance Study for students participating in boys’ football, boys’/girls’ soccer, boys’/girls’ basketball, boys’/girls’ volleyball, boys’ wrestling, boys’ baseball, girls’ softball, girls’ field hockey, boys’ ice hockey, boys’/girls’ lacrosse, boys’/girls’ swimming and diving, boys’/girls’ track and field, girls’ gymnastics, girls’ cheerleading, boys’/girls’ tennis, and boys’/girls’ cross-country.

Results:

Overall, 567 clavicle fractures were reported during 31,520,765 AEs, an injury rate of 1.80 per 100,000 AEs. Injury rates varied by sport, with the highest rates in the boys’ full-contact sports of ice hockey (5.27), lacrosse (5.26), football (4.98), and wrestling (2.21). Among girls’ sports, the highest rates were in soccer (0.92), lacrosse (0.26), and basketball (0.25). In sex-comparable sports, injury rates were still significantly higher among boys (1.03) than girls (0.35) (rate ratio, 2.91; 95% CI, 1.97-4.30). Injury rates were significantly higher in competition (4.58) as compared with practice (0.87) (rate ratio, 5.27; 95% CI, 4.44-6.26). Most injuries were treated conservatively (82.7%) rather than operatively (17.3%). Time to return to sports varied, with a greater proportion of medical disqualifications among those treated operatively (40.0%) as compared with those treated conservatively (22.6%) (injury proportion ratio, 1.77; 95% CI, 1.31-2.39).

Conclusion:

Although clavicle fracture rates are relatively low, they vary by sport, sex, and activity. Understanding such differences should drive more effective, targeted injury prevention efforts. Increased time loss from sports with surgical versus conservative treatment may have been influenced by factors including injury severity and its timing relative to the season’s progress.
Observations of Participation in Development Initiatives on Enterprise Income and Asset in Peninsular Malaysia
Authors: Mamun Abdullah Al , Ibrahim Mohd Asrul Hery Bin , Muniady Rajennd A/L , Ismail Mohammad Bin , Nawi Noorshella Binti Che , Nasir Noorul Azwin Binti Md
Published: July 2019

This study examined the impact of access to working capital and microenterprise development training programmes on microenterprise income and assets among participants from various development initiatives in the eKasih (National Poverty Data Bank) in Peninsular Malaysia. Adopting a cross-sectional design, we collected data from randomly selected 300 micro-entrepreneurs from the list of development organizations available in the eKasih (National Poverty Data Bank), located in four states in Peninsular Malaysia. Quantitative data were collected through structured interviews from October to November 2017. Findings revealed that the ‘length of participation in development programs’ increased microenterprise income and assets among low-income participants in Peninsular Malaysia. The total amount of economic loan received was also found to increase microenterprise assets. However, the effect on microenterprise income was not clear. In addition, development training programmes were found to have no substantial effect on both microenterprise income and assets. This article ascertained a mixed result of participation in development programmes on microenterprise income and assets among low-income households in Peninsular Malaysia. Development policymakers and organizations should review the effectiveness of the programmes and redesign their products and services to achieve their objectives.
Impact of concurrent indolent lymphoma on the clinical outcome of newly diagnosed diffuse large B-cell lymphoma
Authors: Wang Yucai , Link Brian K. , Witzig Thomas E. , Maurer Matthew J. , Allmer Cristine , King Rebecca L. , Feldman Andrew L. , Habermann Thomas M. , Ansell Stephen M. , Slager Susan L. , Cerhan James R. , Nowakowski Grzegorz S.
Published: July 2019

In this month's CME article, an analysis of over 1300 patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL), Wang et al demonstrate that the approximately 13% of patients with concurrent indolent lymphoma at diagnosis had the same prognosis as those patients with isolated DLBCL.
Structurally tailored 3D anisotropic controlled-source electromagnetic resistivity inversion with cross-gradient criterion and simultaneous model calibration
Authors: Meju Max A. , Mackie Randall L. , Miorelli Federico , Saleh Ahmad Shahir , Miller Roger V.
Published: July 2019

Geologic interpretation of 3D anisotropic resistivity models from conventional marine controlled-source electromagnetic (CSEM) data inversion faces difficulties in low-resistivity contrast sediments and structurally complex environments that typify the new frontiers for hydrocarbon exploration. Currently, the typically reconstructed horizontal resistivity [Formula: see text] and vertical resistivity [Formula: see text] models often have conflicting depth structures that are difficult to explain in terms of subsurface geology, and the resulting resistivities may not be close to the true formation resistivities required for estimating reservoir parameters. We have investigated the concept that an objective geologically oriented or structurally tailored inversion can be achieved by requiring that the cross-product of the gradient of horizontal resistivity and the gradient of the vertical resistivity is equal to zero at significant geologic boundaries. We incorporate this boundary-shape criterion in our 3D inverse problem formulations, implemented within nonlinear model-space and conjugate-gradient contexts, for cases in which a priori calibration data from wells and/or seismically derived subsurface boundaries are available and for cases in which these are lacking. The resulting fit-for-purpose solutions serve to better analyze the peculiarity of a given data set. We applied these algorithms to synthetic and field CSEM data sets representing a fold-thrust environment with low-resistivity and low-contrast sediments. The resulting [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] models from cross-gradient joint inversion of synthetic data of appropriate frequency bandwidth without a priori information are structurally similar and consistent with the test models, whereas those from the inversions of band-limited field data are consistent with the available seismic and resistivity well-log data. This particular approach will thus be useful for lithologic correlation in frontier regions with limited a priori information using broadband CSEM data. For these band-limited field data, we found that the anisotropic bulk resistivities of the low-contrast sediments are better determined by incorporating a priori calibration data from triaxial resistivity logs and seismic horizons.
Bayesian transdimensional seismic full-waveform inversion with a dipping layer parameterization
Authors: Visser Gerhard , Guo Peng , Saygin Erdinc
Published: July 2019

Seismic full-waveform inversion (FWI) has become a popular tool for estimating subsurface models using the amplitude and phase of seismograms. Unlike the conventional gradient-based approach, Bayesian inference using Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) sampling can remove dependence on starting models and can quantify uncertainty. We have developed a Bayesian transdimensional (trans-d) MCMC seismic FWI method for estimating dipping-layer velocity models, in which the number of layers is unknown. A time-domain staggered-grid finite-difference wave equation solver is used for forward modeling. The FWI and MCMC methods are known to be computationally expensive. Two strategies are used to get practical computational performance. A layer-stripping strategy is used to accelerate sampler convergence, and a parsimonious dipping layer parameterization is used so that the MCMC algorithm can search broadly with fewer iterations. The parameters for each layer are velocity, thickness, and lower interface dip angle. We find that this parameterization has sufficient flexibility to invert for narrow 2D velocity models using small offset data. Model stitching is then used to bring several such inversions together to create larger 2D models. In turn, these can be used as starting models for gradient-based adjoint FWI to image complicated geologic settings. Two synthetic 2D numerical examples, including the Marmousi model, are considered, using seismic data dominated by reflections. Creation of good starting models traditionally requires significant human effort. We determine how much of that effort can be substituted with computation.
The importance of transfer learning in seismic modeling and imaging
Authors: Siahkoohi Ali , Louboutin Mathias , Herrmann Felix J.
Published: July 2019

Accurate forward modeling is essential for solving inverse problems in exploration seismology. Unfortunately, it is often not possible to afford being physically or numerically accurate. To overcome this conundrum, we make use of raw and processed data from nearby surveys. We have used these data, consisting of shot records or velocity models, to pretrain a neural network to correct for the effects of, for instance, the free surface or numerical dispersion, both of which can be considered as proxies for incomplete or inaccurate physics. Given this pretrained neural network, we apply transfer learning to fine-tune this pretrained neural network so it performs well on its task of mapping low-cost, but low-fidelity, solutions to high-fidelity solutions for the current survey. As long as we can limit ourselves during fine-tuning to using only a small fraction of high-fidelity data, we gain processing the current survey while using information from nearby surveys. We examined this principle by removing surface-related multiples and ghosts from shot records and the effects of numerical dispersion from migrated images and wave simulations.
Effect of Sociodemographic Variables on Patient and Diagnostic Delay of Breast Cancer at the Foremost Health Care Institution in Nigeria
Authors: Olarewaju Sunday O. , Oyekunle Emmanuel O. , Bamiro Adebukola O.
Published: July 2019

PURPOSE

Breast cancer (BC) has the highest mortality rate among women with any form of cancer in developing countries. Unfortunately, patients with BC in Nigeria commonly present with late-stage disease. The current study examined the types and magnitude of delay in BC diagnosis at the foremost hospital in Nigeria and also identified the influencing factors.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

This cross-sectional study involved questionnaires given to 275 patients with BC at University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria, from August to October 2018. Sociodemographic characteristics and information relevant to management of their health problem were obtained after ethical committee approval. Data collected were analyzed by SPSS (version 23; SPSS, Chicago, IL) to assess the types and magnitude of delay experienced by patients, as well as identify related determinants using the appropriate statistical test with P = .05.

RESULTS

The mean age of respondents was 49 (± 11.9) years with the majority being Yoruba (n = 154; 56%), Christians (n = 211; 76.7%), married (n = 193; 70.2%), employed (n = 151; 54.9%), having tertiary education (n = 142; 51.6%) and an average income of more than 18,000 naira (n = 176; 64%). Patient delay and diagnostic delay were observed among 97 respondents (35.3%) and 84 respondents (30.5%), respectively. Although patient delay was significantly associated with age, ethnicity, and marital status, the only variable significantly associated with diagnostic delay was marital status ( P < .05). Level of income, education, employment status, and religion did not significantly ( P > .05) contribute to either of these delays.

CONCLUSION

BC management at the pioneer Nigerian teaching hospital is challenged by both delays in patient presentation at clinics and delays in the process of being diagnosed. Such delays need to be addressed to achieve favorable outcome of patients with BC in Nigeria.