bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Connection, Fragmentation, and Intentionality
Authors: Watts Christopher
Published: August 2012

Social software forms new kinds of collectives and expands the means of producing and disseminating knowledge. Yet the combination of persistent connection and fragmented communication can undermine intentionality. Philosophies of technology that privilege data over users exacerbate this danger; more humanistic approaches to software design are now required. Through personal observation and an examination of recent literature (largely drawn from the popular press), the author examines the philosophies that underlie social software designs, explores ways they affect interaction, describes potential pitfalls, and theorizes a reimagining of expertise in this context—complementing, rather than replacing, the scholarly traditions of the academy.
Reviewing in the Age of Web 2.0
Authors: Landes Lilian
Published: August 2012

With digitalization increasing, scholars’ reading habits and communication methods are also changing, thus affecting the field of traditional reviewing in the humanities. The expert formulating a comprehensive review of a recently published work, will, in the medium term, see a scholarly community working together. In the age of Web 2.0, the disadvantages of a traditional book review, which usually does not allow for a reply or an open discussion, become apparent. This chapter describes (the preconditions for) these changes, as well as other issues in the current field of reviewing, that will eventually not only increase the speed of reviewing new publications in general, but will also, in compliance with the nature of this field, make it more focused on process and detail, more interdisciplinary, more flexible, and more international, thus adapting the model of “live” reviewing procedures as already established in the commercial book market.
Working toward Expert Status
Authors: Girardi Tamara
Published: August 2012

Twitter represents a virtual, global classroom of collective intelligence and an epistemological shift in which the “experts” in the exchange are not necessarily the traditional teachers. The experts on Twitter are those who share information of value and do so often, a definition that could and should include students engaging the medium for academic purposes. As an academic tool, Twitter offers students the opportunity to engage in a wider discourse than the classroom environment and to gain confidence in their knowledge and potential “expert” status. Furthermore, the nature of Twitter closely aligns with Tapscott’s (2009) identified norms for the Net Generation, which includes current high school and college-aged students. The eight norms—freedom, customization, scrutiny, integrity, collaboration, entertainment, speed, and innovation—provide an appropriate theoretical framework for a curriculum-related question such as: What is the value of implementing Twitter into classroom instruction?
How to Develop the Competitive Agriculture of Kosovo to Compete in the Regional Markets
Authors: Pllana Mustafa , Aliu Sali , Gjergjizi Halim , Miftari Iliriana Rahoveanu , Gjonbalaj Muje , Bytyci Njazi
Published: August 2012

Presently, development levels of Kosovo agriculture is under the level of development opportunities and of what’s desired. Its potential is enormous and become counted as one of the pillars of Kosovo economic development. Its participation in GDP in 2011 was 20% (while in 2004 was 25%), and participation in employment by 42%. A high turnout of agriculture in GDP is not a result of its development but the stalemate of industry and other sectors of economy. It now has an installed processor capacity but used 10-20% and the absence of a vertical and horizontal integration between agricultural producers, processing and trade in the manufacture of final products which are offered to consumers. The cost of inputs is high and this makes the final products have high costs and are not competitive in the market. These final products produced in Kosovo are more cumulative but face a strong competition from foreign producers. Although the imports of food and beverages has a higher participation in the total import with trend of increasing trade deficit (in 2008 the general trade deficit was EUR 1.7 million). Efforts go toward activities which have to undertake in order to develop competitive advantages to be faced in the market.
How to Trust
Authors: Felici Massimo
Published: August 2012

This paper concerns decision-making processes that rely on trust. In particular, it analyzes how different aspects of trust (e.g., trust, trustworthiness, trustworthy evidence) influence trust decisions, and acting on them eventually. It proposes a trust decision model that structures the analysis of contextualized trust problems. Rather than seeking a general definition of trust, this paper advocates the necessity to have a structured way to analyze and characterize situational trust problems systematically.
A New Hybrid Distributed Double Guided Genetic Swarm Algorithm for Optimization and Constraint Reasoning
Authors: Khadhraoui Asma , Bouamama Sadok
Published: August 2012

In this paper the authors propose a new distributed double guided hybrid algorithm combining the particle swarm optimization (PSO) with genetic algorithms (GA) to resolve maximal constraint satisfaction problems (Max-CSPs). It consists on a multi-agent approach inspired by a centralized version of hybrid algorithm called Genetical Swarm Optimization (GSO). Their approach consists of a set of evolutionary agents dynamically created and cooperating in order to find an optimal solution. Each agent executes its own hybrid algorithm and it is able to compute its own parameters. The authors’ approach is compared to the GSO. It demonstrates its superiority. They reached these results thanks to the distribution using multi-agent systems, diversification and intensification mechanisms.
Legal Issues of the French Law on Creation and Internet (Hadopi 1 and 2)
Authors: Metaxa Eleni , Sarigiannidis Miltiadis , Folinas Dimitris
Published: August 2012

The French law on “Creation and Internet,” or more commonly known as the “Hadopi 1” Law, passed on June 2009, and its complementary, the “Law for the Protection under Criminal Law of Artistic and Literary Works on the Internet” (“Hadopi 2”), passed on October 2009, were intended to put an end to the illegal distribution of creative works on the Internet and at the same time control the internet access for every user. However, the implementation decree of March 2010 on the “specific negligence” aims exclusively at the peer-to-peer networks, leaving out of the criminal framework the direct download and the streaming options. After presenting and analyzing the French laws “Hadopi 1 & 2,” the authors discuss the controversial findings of a recent French research of the first months of their application in France and eventually question the achievement of the ultimate goal, which is the protection of the French intellectual property rights on the Internet.
A multi-model assessment of last interglacial temperatures
Authors: Lunt D. J. , Abe-Ouchi A. , Bakker P. , Berger A. , Braconnot P. , Charbit S. , Fischer N. , Herold N. , Jungclaus J. H. , Khon V. C. , Krebs-Kanzow U. , Lohmann G. , Otto-Bliesner B. , Park W. , Pfeiffer M. , Prange M. , Rachmayani R. , Renssen H. , Rosenbloom N. , Schneider B. , Stone E. J. , Takahashi K. , Wei W. , Yin Q.
Published: August 2012

Abstract. The Last Interglaciation (∼130 to 116 ka) is a time period with a strong astronomically-induced seasonal forcing of insolation compared to modern. Proxy records indicate a significantly different climate to that of the modern, in particular Arctic summer warming and higher eustatic sea level. Because the forcings are relatively well constrained, it provides an opportunity to test numerical models which are used for future climate prediction. In this paper, we compile a set of climate model simulations of the early Last Interglaciation (130 to 125 ka), encompassing a range of model complexity. We compare the models to each other, and to a recently published compilation of Last Interglacial temperature estimates. We show that the annual mean response of the models is rather small, with no clear signal in many regions. However, the seasonal response is more robust, and there is significant agreement amongst models as to the regions of warming vs. cooling. However, the quantitative agreement of the models with data is poor, with the models in general underestimating the magnitude of response seen in the proxies. Taking possible seasonal biases in the proxies into account improves the agreement marginally, but the agreement is still far from perfect. However, a lack of uncertainty estimates in the data does not allow us to draw firm conclusions. Instead, this paper points to several ways in which both modelling and data could be improved, to allow a more robust model-data comparison.
Sermon-Writing Women:
Authors: Patricia Stoop
Published: August 2012

On December 8, 1459, Maria van Pee, canoness regular in the Brussels convent of Jericho, decided to write down the sermon that she heard her confessor, Jan Storm, deliver in the convent's church. Her initiative laid the foundation for a long and carefully maintained tradition of sermon writing, which would endure until the beginning of the eighteenth century. After providing a short historical background, this article focuses on the convent's literary production and especially on the sermon collections and their prologues in which the female scribes account for their contribution to the writing and editing of the sermons and the composition of the manuscripts. By concentrating on the collection of Maria van Pee, it demonstrates how the sisters handled the sermons they heard their confessors preach in order to keep them from oblivion and how they thereby designed a creative and collective “authorship” for themselves, a role that was unusual for the Middle Ages.
Effect of Austempering and Martempering on the Properties of AISI 52100 Steel
Authors: Krishna P. Vamsi , Srikant R. R. , Iqbal Mustafa , Sriram N.
Published: August 2012

The mechanical properties of steel decide its applicability for a particular condition. Heat treatment processes are commonly used to enhance the required properties of steel. The present work aims at experimentally investigating the effect of austempering and martempering on AISI 52100 steel. Different tests like microstructure analysis, hardness test, impact test, and wear test are carried out after heat treatment process. It was found that annealed steel was least hard and more wear prone, while martempered steel was hardest and least vulnerable to wear. Austempered steel had the highest impact strength and it is increased with soaking time up to certain level. Least wear rate is observed in martempered sample both in abrasion and dry sliding. However, least friction coefficient is shown by annealed samples.
First environmental monitoring of offshore gas drilling discharges in the Deltana Platform, Venezuela
Authors: García E , Cróquer A , Bastidas C , Bone D , Ramos R
Published: August 2012

The benthic macrofauna of two Deltana Platform offshore gas wells was assessed for the first time in Venezuela and correlated with changes in sediment chemistry after exploratory perforation. A gradient analysis was performed at four distance intervals from the perforation site to 1000 m away. At the Ballena well, samples were collected 15 days, 13 months, 19 months, and 30 months after the perforation at 190 m depth. At the Cocuina well, sampling occurred immediately before, and 15 days and 12 months after the perforation at 350 m depth. Principal component analysis and multidimensional scaling were used to assess spatial and temporal patterns of environmental and biotic variables. The temporal pattern was clear, as differences between samples decreased with time after perforation. The results suggest that drilling muds initially changed the chemistry of sediments, but that these changes apparently disappeared approximately two years after perforation and were homogenous at a spatial scale of up to 1 km from the perforation site. A larger spatial scale and more frequent monitoring would be necessary to further understand the potential mechanisms underlying the dispersion and transportation of drilling fluids and muds. This study provides baseline data and the first desciption of the relevant spatial and temporal scales for monitoring the potential effects of chemicals associated with the exploration of offshore gas in Venezuela.
Hormone-induced spawning of wild and captive-grown spotted rose snapper Lutjanus guttatus using carp pituitary suspension and human chorionic gonadotropin
Authors: Boza-Abarca J , Valverde-Chavarría S , Calvo-Vargas E , Ramírez-Alvarado M , Rodríguez-Gómez E
Published: August 2012

Hormone-induced spawning of the spotted rose snapper Lutjanus guttatus was studied using wild and cage-grown fish. Carp pituitary suspension (CPS) and human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) were assessed. Wild females (0.7–2.1 kg body weight (BW), n = 18) were collected by hook and line in the Gulf of Nicoya, Costa Rica, to induce final maturation and ovulation in the laboratory. In the first experiment, five doses of CPS were evaluated and spawning was only observed at the higher doses (4.0 and 4.5 mg CPS kg–1 BW); the doses used were lower than for other species under similar conditions. In the second experiment, CPS and hCG protocols were compared using cage-grown broodstock (n = 30 females, 462–995 g; n = 60 males, 400–600 g); egg production was more consistent for the hCG protocol. In the third experiment, cage-grown fish (n = 12 females, 368–977 g; n = 24 males, 400–600 g) were used to assess the female response to hCG and the fertility of the spawned eggs; two successive injections of different hCG doses were tested. The results confirm that two successive doses of 900 and 700 IU hCG kg–1 BW result in the highest number of eggs spawned and the best fertilization rates.
Comparison of No-Test Telehealth and In-Person Medication Abortion
Authors: Ralph Lauren J. , Baba C. Finley , Biggs M. Antonia , McNicholas Colleen , Hagstrom Miller Amy , Grossman Daniel
Published: June 2024

Importance

In the US, access to medication abortion using history-based (no-test) eligibility assessment, including through telehealth and mailing of mifepristone, has grown rapidly. Additional evidence on the effectiveness and safety of these models is needed.

Objective

To evaluate whether medication abortion with no-test eligibility assessment and mailing of medications is as effective as in-person care with ultrasonography and safe overall.

Design, Setting, and Participants

Prospective, observational study with noninferiority analysis. Sites included 4 abortion-providing organizations in Colorado, Illinois, Maryland, Minnesota, Virginia, and Washington from May 2021 to March 2023. Eligible patients were seeking medication abortion up to and including 70 days’ gestation, spoke English or Spanish, and were aged 15 years or older.

Exposure

Study groups reflected the model of care selected by the patient and clinicians and included: (1) no-test (telehealth) eligibility assessment and mailing of medications (no-test + mail) (n = 228); (2) no-test eligibility assessment and pickup of medications (no-test + pickup) (n = 119); or (3) in-person with ultrasonography (n = 238).

Main Outcomes and Measures

Effectiveness, defined as a complete abortion without the need for repeating the mifepristone and misoprostol regimen or a follow-up procedure, and safety, defined as an abortion-related serious adverse event, including overnight hospital admission, surgery, or blood transfusion. Outcomes were derived from patient surveys and medical records. Primary analysis focused on the comparison of the no-test + mail group with the in-person with ultrasonography group.

Results

The mean age of the participants (N = 585) was 27.3 years; most identified as non-Hispanic White (48.6%) or non-Hispanic Black (28.1%). Median (IQR) gestational duration was 45 days (39-53) and comparable between study groups (P = .30). Outcome data were available for 91.8% of participants. Overall effectiveness was 94.4% (95% CI, 90.7%-99.2%) in the no-test + mail group and 93.3% (95% CI, 88.3%-98.2%) in the in-person with ultrasonography group in adjusted models (adjusted risk difference, 1.2 [95% CI, −4.1 to 6.4]), meeting the prespecified 5% noninferiority margin. Serious adverse events included overnight hospitalization (n = 4), blood transfusion (n = 2), and emergency surgery (n = 1) and were reported by 1.1% (95% CI, 0.4%-2.4%) of participants, with 3 in the no-test + mail group, 3 in the in-person with ultrasonography group, and none in the no-test + pickup group.

Conclusions and Relevance

This prospective, observational study found that medication abortion obtained following no-test telehealth screening and mailing of medications was associated with similar rates of complete abortion compared with in-person care with ultrasonography and met prespecified criteria for noninferiority, with a low prevalence of adverse events.
All‐Photonic Synapses for Biomimetic Ocular System
Authors: Zhang Yincheng , Chen Hao , Sun Wanqi , Hou Yuqi , Cai Yunhao , Huang Hui
Published: June 2024

The human visual system to process real‐time light signals and safeguard against excessive light exposure serves as a model for artificial vision systems. Despite the wide use of optoelectronic synaptic devices in such simulations, their complex circuitry and high energy consumption have impeded further development. Herein, a biomimetic ocular system utilizing organic all‐photonic synapses is constructed to realize sensation, memory, processing, and protective light reflex abilities. The synaptic performances are facially regulated by simple molecular engineering to afford a record PPF value of 430%. Impressively, a large area (400 cm2) synaptic device with a high uniformity (96%) exhibited four fundamental functions of an ocular system for the first time, which significantly simplified the circuit system and reduced energy consumption. This work provides a facial strategy to construct all‐photonic synapses, holding great potential in prosthetics and neurorobotics.
Surface Gradient Ni‐Rich Cathode for Li‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Chen Huan , Yuan Huihui , Dai Zhongqin , Feng Sheng , Zheng Mengting , Zheng Chujun , Jin Jun , Wu Meifen , Wu Xiangwei , Lu Jun , Lu Yan , Wen Zhaoyin
Published: June 2024

Nickel‐rich layered oxide cathode material LiNixCoyMnzO2 (NCM) has emerged as a promising candidate for next‐generation lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs). These cathode materials possess high theoretical specific capacity, fast electron/ion transfer rate, and high output voltage. However, their potential is impeded by interface instability, irreversible phase transition, and the resultant significant capacity loss, limiting their practical application in LIBs. In this work, a simple and scalable approach is proposed to prepare gradient cathode material (M‐NCM) with excellent structural stability and rate performance. Taking advantage of the strong coordination of Ni2+ with ammonia and the reduction reaction of KMnO4, the elemental compositions of the Ni‐rich cathode are reasonably adjusted. The resulted gradient compositional design plays a crucial role in stabilizing the crystal structure, which effectively mitigates Li/Ni mixing and suppresses unwanted surficial parasitic reactions. As a result, the M‐NCM cathode maintains 98.6% capacity after 200 cycles, and a rapid charging ability of 107.5 mAh g−1 at 15 C. Furthermore, a 1.2 Ah pouch cell configurated with graphite anode demonstrates a lifespan of over 500 cycles with only 8% capacity loss. This work provides a simple and scalable approach for the in situ construction of gradient cathode materials via cooperative coordination and deposition reactions.
Chiral Cationic Chromophores: A New Class of Efficient Ultrabroadband Organic THz Crystals
Authors: Yang Jeong‐A , Lee Chae‐Won , Kim Chaeyoon , Auer Michael , Yu In Cheol , OH Jungkwon , Yoon Woojin , Yun Hoseop , Kim Dongwook , Jazbinsek Mojca , Rotermund Fabian , Kwon O‐Pil
Published: June 2024

A strategic approach to develop efficient ultra‐broadband terahertz (THz) crystals involves the incorporation of different electron donating groups (EDGs) into cationic chromophores. In contrast to the widely utilized non‐cyclic 4‐(dimethylamino)phenyl (DA) EDG, cyclic 5‐membered 4‐(2‐(hydroxymethyl)pyrrolidine‐1‐yl)phenyl (PB) and cyclic 6‐membered 4‐(3‐(hydroxymethyl)piperidin‐1‐yl)phenyl (PN) EDGs exhibit an asymmetrical shape with a strongly interacting hydroxymethyl group at the chiral center. Notably, the PB EDG shows narrower intrinsic vibrational states with lower conformational flexibility and smaller ring flips compared to the PN EDG. In the crystalline state, introducing the PB EDG leads to the formation of a new class of nonlinear optical assembly, the so‐called stair‐type cation‐anion assembly. This assembly demonstrates optimal chromophore alignment with state‐of‐the‐art effective first hyperpolarizability (209 × 10−30 esu). Furthermore, the PB EDG‐based crystals exhibit significantly lower THz absorption compared to previously reported benchmark crystals. In THz wave generation experiments, PB EDG‐based crystals demonstrate state‐of‐the‐art efficiency and ultrabroad spectral bandwidth, featuring a cut‐off frequency of up to 16 THz.
Insight on Strain Relaxation Effect in Perovskites for High‐Temperature Hydrogen Oxidation Reaction
Authors: Kim Hyunmin , Lim Chaesung , Gu Jiamin , Jeong Hu Young , Han Jeong Woo , Jang Ji‐Hyun , Bu Yunfei
Published: June 2024

The size of in situ exsolved nanoparticles (NPs) significantly affects the electrochemical and electro‐catalytic properties of oxide supports. Unfortunately, the instrumental factor affecting the exsolved NP size in poly‐crystalline perovskite oxides is still unexplored. Herein, the inherent micro‐strain (ε) value as an unprecedented factor in controlling the exsolved NP size of Pr0.5Ba0.5‐xSrxFe0.85Ni0.15O3‐δ (x = 0.3, 0.4, and 0.5) is introduced, wherein smaller NP size is successfully obtained via strain relaxation strategy. The effect of exsolved NP size on the fuel oxidation reaction kinetics at high‐temperature regimes is evaluated in‐depth by using density functional theory (DFT) calculations. In accordance with the insights provided by DFT calculations, the electro‐catalyst featuring the smallest Fe3Ni NP size via strain relaxation strategy demonstrates exceptional electrochemical performance along with robust durability toward high‐temperature hydrogen oxidation reaction. This work presents scientific guidance for tailoring the exsolved NP size in perovskites, thereby paving the way for designing rational perovskite electro‐catalysts in various energy‐related applications.
Highly Asymmetric CuSA‐Ov‐Ti3c Atomic Sites Catalyst for Unprecedented Solar Hydrogen Generation
Authors: Kumar Dileep , Mishra Ankit , Shubham  , Hemant  , Bhattacharjee Sudip , Urkude Rajashri R. , Ghosh Biplab , Bhaumik Asim , Sinha Anil Kumar , Sinha A. S. K. , Amoli Vipin
Published: June 2024

Atomic‐level tailoring of active sites is an efficient strategy for designing high‐performance photocatalysts for clean energy. Asymmetric atomic sites (AAS) like MSA‐Ov‐M2 created through hetero‐metal single atoms (MSA) doping on defect‐rich metal oxides (M2‐Ov‐M2) are favored for better activation of targeted molecules. However, creating AAS typically demands high energy input, hindering their widespread use in photocatalytic H2 production. Furthermore, precise control over surface defects to create AAS remains challenging. Here, CuSA‐Ov‐Ti3c highly asymmetric atomic sites catalyst (HAASC) is constructed by strategically trapping Cu single atoms on high‐index (111) faceted TiO2. This material combines single‐atom catalysis and facet engineering, achieving unprecedented H2 production rates (8.3 mmol h−1 g−1 in pure water and 784.5 mmol h−1 g−1 in water/methanol mixture). Experimental and theoretical analyses reveal CuSA substituting five‐coordinated Ti atoms (Ti5c) next to three‐coordinated (Ti3c) ones, forming CuSA‐Ov‐Ti3c HAAS. HAAS plays multiple roles in i) improving light harvesting, charge‐transfer dynamics, and redox capability of photoexcited electrons; ii) enhanced adsorption and polarization of H2O molecules; iii) facilitating electron transfer from CuSA‐Ov‐Ti3c to H2O molecules, and iv) raising d‐band center toward Fermi level resulting in ≈250‐fold enhanced H2 production than Ti5c‐O‐Ti3c AASC. This work opens new avenues for future structural designs in heterogeneous catalysis for energy‐related applications.
Zeolitic Imidazolate Framework ‐8‐Based Passive Daytime Radiative Cooling Paint for Energy‐Efficient Cooling
Authors: Lim Hangyu , Park Jaein , Chae Dongwoo , Park Seongwoo , Kim Sooyoung , Lee Heon
Published: June 2024

Increased energy consumption, driven by climate change and the rise of new industries, has spurred a demand for alternative cooling technologies to replace energy‐intensive systems and mitigate environmental pollution. Radiative cooling, leveraging the optical properties of materials to cool without emitting pollutants or consuming energy, is considered a suitable solution. Among the various form of radiative cooling devices, paint stands out as a practical application for radiative cooling. Hence, a passive daytime radiative cooling (PDRC) paint is developed using a polyurethane binder and zeolitic imidazolate framework (ZIF)‐8. ZIF‐8 is synthesized in an environmentally friendly manner using deionized water as the solvent, resulting in paint with a reflectance of 94.9%, emissivity of 94%, and cooling power of 113 W m−2. Temperature measurements reveal that the paint reduced ambient temperatures by an average of 5.7 °C, reaching up to 8.1 °C during the day. Additionally, with a self‐assembly monolayer coating, the PDRC surface exhibited super‐hydrophobicity and self‐cleaning capabilities. Therefore, the proposed ZIF‐8‐based PDRC paint offers sub‐room temperature cooling potential and is anticipated to reduce energy consumption for cooling, thereby alleviating environmental pollution in various applications, particularly in building exteriors.
Sulfato‐β‐cyclodextrin induced multivalent supramolecular directional aggregation of cyanovinylene derivatives for achieving reversible near‐infrared fluorescence
Authors: Liu Zhixue , Chen Haiqi , Tian Mengdi , Sun Xinyao , Li Yong‐Xue , Wu Jie , Wang Ruotong , Li Bin , Li Chunju , Liu Yu
Published: June 2024

Molecular aggregation or supramolecular aggregation‐induced emission is one of the research hotspots in chemistry, biology, and materials. Herein, we report negatively charged sulfato‐β‐cyclodextrin (SCD) induced cyanovinylene derivatives (DPy‐6C) directional aggregation to form regular nanorods (DPy‐6C@SCD) through supramolecular multivalent interactions, not only achieves ultraviolet‐visible absorption redshifted from 453 to 521 nm but also displays near‐infrared (NIR) aggregation‐induced emission with a large spectral redshift of 135 nm. The DPy‐6C monomer presents random nanosheets with weak fluorescence but obtains regular aggregates after assembly with SCD through electrostatic interactions. In the presence of H+, the DPy‐6C@SCD can further aggregate into elliptical nanosheets without fluorescence changes due to the protonation of secondary amines. In contrast, the morphology of DPy‐6C@SCD becomes flexible and sticks together upon the addition of OH− with an emission blue shift of 72 nm and a 90‐fold intensity increase because of disrupting the stacking mode of aggregates, thereby achieving acid‐base regulated reversible fluorescence behaviors that cannot be realized by DPy‐6C monomer. The DPy‐6C@SCD can efficiently select the detection of volatile organic amines both in liquid and gas phases within 5 s at the nanomolar level. Taking advantage of RGB analysis and calculation formula application, the DPy‐6C@SCD has been successfully used to monitor various organic amines on a smartphone, accompanied by naked‐eye visible photoluminescence. Therefore, the present research provides an efficient directional aggregation method through supramolecular multivalent interactions, which not only realizes topological morphology transformation but also achieves reversible NIR luminescent molecular switch and high sensitivity organic amines fluorescent sensing devices.
Two siblings with acute necrotizing encephalopathy associated with variants of LARS1
Authors: Uehara Takeshi , Seki Eijun , Nonoda Yutaka , Kumaki Tatsuro , Tsuyusaki Yu , Aida Noriko , Enomoto Yumi , Ishikura Kenji , Kurosawa Kenji
Published: June 2024

Acute necrotizing encephalopathy (ANE) is a rapidly progressive encephalopathy of unknown etiology. The underlying mechanisms are highly heterogeneous, often including genetic backgrounds. Variants of LARS1, encoding the leucyl‐tRNA synthetase 1, are responsible for infantile liver failure syndrome 1. We describe two siblings with ANE caused by compound heterozygous variants of LARS1. Patient 1 was a 17‐month‐old girl. She presented with generalized seizure and liver dysfunction due to influenza type A infection. Brain magnetic resonance imaging on day 4 of onset showed diffuse high‐intensity signals consistent with ANE. She died on day 10. Patient 2, a younger male sibling of patient 1, had mild to moderate developmental delay and growth failure at the age of 18 months. He showed a markedly elevated level of transaminases triggered by infection with human herpesvirus 6. On day 4 of onset, he had generalized seizures. Brain computed tomography showed a diffuse symmetrical hypodensity consistent with ANE. He died on day 7. Whole exome sequencing identified the compound heterozygous variants in LARS1 (NM_020117.11) as c.83_88delinsAATGGGATA, p.(Arg28_Phe30delinsLysTryAspIle) and c.1283C>T, p.(Pro428Leu) in both siblings. The severe neurologic phenotype, found in our patients, reflects the complicated pathogenesis of LARS1‐related disorder.
COVID‐19 in a common woolly monkey (Lagothrix lagothricha): First evidence of fatal outcome in a nonhuman primate after natural SARS‐CoV‐2 infection
Authors: Diaz Eduardo A. , Sáenz Carolina , Cabrera Francisco , Rodríguez Javier , Carvajal Mateo , Barragán Verónica
Published: June 2024

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2), was declared a pandemic by the World Health Organization in March 2020. Since then, viral spread from humans to animals has occurred worldwide. Nonhuman primates (NHPs) have been found to be susceptible to reverse‐zoonosis transmission of SARS‐CoV‐2, but initial research suggested that platyrrhine primates are less susceptible than catarrhine primates. Here we report the natural SARS‐CoV‐2 infection of a common woolly monkey (Lagothrix lagothricha) from a wildlife rehabilitation center in Ecuador. The course of the disease, the eventual death of the specimen, and the pathological findings are described. Our results show the susceptibility of a new platyrrhine species to SARS‐CoV‐2 and provide evidence for the first time of a COVID‐19‐associated death in a naturally infected NHP. The putative route of transmission from humans, and implications for captive NHPs management, are also discussed. Given that common woolly monkeys are at risk of extinction in Ecuador, further understanding of the potential threat of SARS‐CoV‐2 to their health should be a conservation priority. A One Health approach is the best way to protect NHPs from a new virus in the same way that we would protect the human population.
Manipulating the Spin State of Spinel Octahedral Sites via a π–π Type Orbital Coupling to Boost Water Oxidation
Authors: Guo Zhangtao , Zhu Qian , Wang Shaohua , Jiang Mengpei , Fan Xinxin , Zhang Wanyu , Han Mei , Wu Xiaotian , Hou Xiangyan , Zhang Yaowen , Shao Zhiyu , Shi Jingyu , Zhong Xia , Li Shuting , Wu Xiaofeng , Huang Keke , Feng Shouhua
Published: June 2024

Spin state is often regarded as the crucial valve to release the reactivity of energy‐related catalysts, yet it is also challenging to precisely manipulate, especially for the active center ions occupied at the specific geometric sites. Herein, a π–π type orbital coupling of 3d (Co)‐2p (O)‐4f (Ce) was employed to regulate the spin state of octahedral cobalt sites (CoOh) in the composite of Co3O4/CeO2. More specifically, the equivalent high‐spin ratio of CoOh can reach to 54.7 % via tuning the CeO2 content, thereby triggering the average eg filling (1.094) close to the theoretical optimum value. The corresponding catalyst exhibits a superior water oxidation performance with an overpotential of 251 mV at 10 mA cm−2, rivaling most cobalt‐based oxides state‐of‐the‐art. The π–π type coupling corroborated by the matched energy levels between Ce t1u/t2u‐O and CoOh t2g‐O π type bond in the calculated crystal orbital Hamilton population and partial density of states profiles, stimulates a π‐donation between O 2p and π‐symmetric Ce 4fyz2 orbital, consequently facilitating the electrons hopping from t2g to eg orbital of CoOh. This work offers an in‐depth insight into understanding the 4f and 3d orbital coupling for spin state optimization in composite oxides.
Total Syntheses of Streptamidine and Klebsazolicin Using Biomimetic On‐Resin Ring‐Closing Amidine Formation
Authors: Liu Shunhe , Tang Yang , Chen Sheng , Li Xuechen , Liu Han
Published: June 2024

Diketopiperazine (DKP) derived cyclic amidine structures widely exist in peptide natural products according to the genome mining result. The largely unknown bioactivity and mode of action are partially caused by the poor availability of the compounds via microbiological and chemical approaches. To tackle this challenge, in this work, we have developed the on‐resin ring‐closing amidine formation strategy to synthesize peptides containing N‐terminal DKP derived cyclic amidine structure, in which the 6‐exo‐trig cyclization mediated by HgCl2 activation of thioamides was the key step. Leveraging from this new strategy, we finished the total syntheses of streptamidine and klebsazolicin. Meanwhile, eleven klebsazolicin analogues were synthesized for its structure–activity relationship study.
Biophysical aspects of migrasome organelle formation and their diverse cellular functions
Authors: Dharan Raviv , Sorkin Raya
Published: June 2024

The transient cellular organelles known as migrasomes, which form during cell migration along retraction fibers, have emerged as a crutial factor in various fundamental cellular processes and pathologies. These membrane vesicles originate from local membrane swellings, encapsulate specific cytoplasmic content, and are eventually released to the extracellular environment or taken up by recipient cells. Migrasome biogenesis entails a sequential membrane remodeling process involving a complex interplay between various molecular factors such as tetraspanin proteins, and mechanical properties like membrane tension and bending rigidity. In this review, we summarize recent studies exploring the mechanism of migrasome formation. We emphasize how physical forces, together with molecular factors, shape migrasome biogenesis, and detail the involvement of migrasomes in various cellular processes and pathologies. A comprehensive understanding of the exact mechanism underlying migrasome formation and the identification of key molecules involved hold promise for advancing their therapeutic and diagnostic applications.
Induction of resistance to neurotrophic tropomyosin‐receptor kinase inhibitors by HMGCS2 via a mevalonate pathway
Authors: Kato Yasuhiro , Matsumoto Masaru , Takano Natsuki , Hirao Mariko , Matsuda Kuniko , Tozuka Takehiro , Onda Naomi , Nakamichi Shinji , Takeuchi Susumu , Miyanaga Akihiko , Noro Rintaro , Gemma Akihiko , Seike Masahiro
Published: June 2024

Introduction

A neurotrophic tropomyosin receptor kinase (NTRK)‐tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) has shown dramatic efficacy against malignant tumors harboring an NTRK fusion gene. However, almost all tumors eventually acquire resistance to NTRK‐TKIs.

Method

To investigate the mechanism of resistance to NTRK‐TKIs, we established cells resistant to three types of NTRK‐TKIs (larotrectinib, entrectinib, and selitrectinib) using KM12 colon cancer cells with a TPM3‐NTRK1 rearrangement.

Result

Overexpression of 3‐hydroxy‐3‐methylglutaryl‐CoA synthase 2 (HMGCS2) was observed in three resistant cells (KM12‐LR, KM12‐ER, and KM12‐SR) by microarray analysis. Lower expression of sterol regulatory element‐binding protein 2 (SREBP2) and peroxisome proliferator activated receptor α (PPARα) was found in two cells (KM12‐ER and KM12‐SR) in which HMGCS2 was overexpressed compared to the parental KM12 and KM12‐LR cells. In resistant cells, knockdown of HMGCS2 using small interfering RNA improved the sensitivity to NTRK‐TKI. Further treatment with mevalonolactone after HMGCS2 knockdown reintroduced the NTRK‐TKI resistance. In addition, simvastatin and silibinin had a synergistic effect with NTRK‐TKIs in resistant cells, and delayed tolerance was observed after sustained exposure to clinical concentrations of NTRK‐TKI and simvastatin in KM12 cells. In xenograft mouse models, combination treatment with entrectinib and simvastatin reduced resistant tumor growth compared with entrectinib alone.

Conclusion

These results suggest that HMGCS2 overexpression induces resistance to NTRK‐TKIs via the mevalonate pathway in colon cancer cells. Statin inhibition of the mevalonate pathway may be useful for overcoming this mechanistic resistance.
Mitochondria fission accentuates oxidative stress in hyperglycemia‐induced H9c2 cardiomyoblasts in vitro by regulating fatty acid oxidation
Authors: Song Xiaogang , Fan Chongxi , Wei Chao , Yu Wuhan , Tang Jichao , Ma Feng , Chen Yongqing , Wu Bing
Published: June 2024

Oxidative stress plays a pivotal role in the development of diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM). Previous studies have revealed that inhibition of mitochondrial fission suppressed oxidative stress and alleviated mitochondrial dysfunction and cardiac dysfunction in diabetic mice. However, no research has confirmed whether mitochondria fission accentuates hyperglycemia‐induced cardiomyoblast oxidative stress through regulating fatty acid oxidation (FAO). We used H9c2 cardiomyoblasts exposed to high glucose (HG) 33 mM to simulate DCM in vitro. Excessive mitochondrial fission, poor cell viability, and lipid accumulation were observed in hyperglycemia‐induced H9c2 cardiomyoblasts. Also, the cells were led to oxidative stress injury, lower adenosine triphosphate (ATP) levels, and apoptosis. Dynamin‐related protein 1 (Drp1) short interfering RNA (siRNA) decreased targeted marker expression, inhibited mitochondrial fragmentation and lipid accumulation, suppressed oxidative stress, reduced cardiomyoblast apoptosis, and improved cell viability and ATP levels in HG‐exposed H9c2 cardiomyoblasts, but not in carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 (CPT1) inhibitor etomoxir treatment cells. We also found subcellular localization of CPT1 on the mitochondrial membrane, FAO, and levels of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) were suppressed after exposure to HG treatment, whereas Drp1 siRNA normalized mitochondrial CPT1, FAO, and NADPH. However, the blockade of FAO with etomoxir abolished the above effects of Drp1 siRNA in hyperglycemia‐induced H9c2 cardiomyoblasts. The preservation of mitochondrial function through the Drp1/CPT1/FAO pathway is the potential mechanism of inhibited mitochondria fission in attenuating oxidative stress injury of hyperglycemia‐induced H9c2 cardiomyoblasts.
Insights into Heterogeneous Catalysis by Tip‐Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy
Authors: Yang Jun‐Lei , Zhou Yue‐Wen , Jia Ming‐Yang , Liu Qinlei , Cai Zhen‐Feng
Published: June 2024

Heterogeneous catalysis is immensely important in the chemical industry. Understanding the molecular mechanism of heterogeneous catalytic processes is fundamental to the design of high‐performance catalysts and the development of energy conversion technology. Tip‐enhanced Raman spectroscopy (TERS) provides invaluable topographic and chemical information with nanometer‐scale spatial resolution, thus making it a promising tool for the in‐depth characterization of heterogeneous catalytic processes. In this perspective, we first introduce the background of heterogeneous catalysis and TERS, and then we systematically discuss the application of TERS in heterogeneous catalysis. Key insights related to catalyst configurations, catalytically active sites, reacting species, spillover of active species, and structure‐reactivity relationship were summarized. Finally, we discuss the challenges and future development in the field.
Role of the Controlled Periodic Illumination (CPI) for Enhancing the Photonic Efficiency of a Photocatalytic System
Authors: Bianco Ettore , Sordello Fabrizio , Prozzi Marco , Pellegrino Francesco , Maurino Valter
Published: June 2024

Photonic efficiency measurements of the photoeffects at semiconductor surfaces for pollutant abatement and value‐added product generation (e. g. H2 in the hydrogen evolution reaction, HER) are usually carried out under continuous irradiation of the catalyst. In the last decades, Controlled Periodic Illumination (CPI) was proposed as a way to increase the photonic efficiency of irradiated semiconductor systems. CPI consists in the modulation of the incident radiant power, alternating light and dark periods with given duty cycle (γ), intensity (I) and frequency (f). The rationale underlying the use of CPI to enhance photonic efficiency is the exploitation of dark periods to allow slow reactions proceed, to induce new reactions or to free up space on the surface of the catalyst. In this short review, we will highlight the strengths and weaknesses of some of the works published so far on the abatement of pollutants and the production of hydrogen using CPI.
Evaluating Phase Relations in Molten Oxides for Electrochemical Operating Windows for Selective Metal Reduction
Authors: Ford Kathryn , Newport Rebecca , Marshall Aaron , Watson Matthew , Bishop Catherine
Published: June 2024

Molten oxide electrolysis is a promising pathway to decarbonize primary metal production. The oxide electrolyte is less hazardous and eco‐toxic than halides (molten salt electrolysis) and, with the use of renewably generated electricity and an inert anode, oxygen is produced as a by‐product instead of CO2. Building fundamental understanding of electrolytic operating windows requires starting with simple chemistries. Here we investigate a simplified binary oxide system as an electrolyte for titanium oxide reduction to metal. The TiO2−Na2O binary system forms a eutectic, reducing the liquidus temperature over a wide composition range. FactSage 8.1 predictions suggested Ti reduction would become favorable over Na reduction for compositions greater than 0.49 mole fraction TiO2. The prediction was validated by the detection of metallic Ti after electrolysis experiments. However, the reduction efficiency was too low (0.24±0.08 % at −0.1 V vs Ti reference electrode) for the TiO2−Na2O system to be a viable industrial electrolyte for Ti production. Scoping for other binary oxide systems was performed for electrolytic production of two critical metals, tantalum and neodymium. Based on TiO2−Na2O system's predicted behavior, candidate binary oxide systems were identified that contained congruently melting line compounds flanked by eutectic reactions from the ACerS‐NIST Phase Equilibria diagrams database.
Foamability of all‐green polylactide/rice straw pulp biocomposites through continuous extrusion process: Effects of pulping and reactive compatibilization
Authors: Abbasi Danial , Jafari Mahdis , Bahrami Pedram , Hemmati Farkhondeh , Mohammadi‐Roshandeh Jamshid
Published: June 2024

In the present work, the processability of poly(lactic acid) (PLA) in the extrusion foaming process was improved by using rice straw (RS) as an agricultural waste. In order to extrude a sustainable lightweight foam, the soda‐pulping and bleaching modification were performed on the RS particles, which resulted in the attainment of purified micron‐sized cellulosic fibre with higher aspect ratio. The addition of these fibres, with larger interfacial area between filler and matrix, to the PLA melt enhanced the foam void fraction and cell density more than one order of magnitude. The use of a reactive compatibilizer in the biocomposite showed further beneficial effects on the PLA foamability. The used reactive compatibilizer, with the ability of simultaneous reactions with the end groups of PLA macromolecules and hydroxyl groups of the lignocellulosic pulp, in the biocomposite noticeably improved the viscoelastic properties of melt and lengthened the macromolecule relaxation times. As a result, the biocomposite melt with higher melt strength was obtained, which kept the melt integrity during the bubble growth stage, hindered the cell coalescence, and retained a larger volume of gas inside the melt. Contrary to these influences, the compatibilization activity of this additive weakened the heterogeneous nucleation role of the cellulosic fibres. However, by choosing proper pulp loading, the extrusion of a lightweight biodegradable PLA‐based biocomposite foam can be feasible, which can be used in interior construction applications.
In Silico Prediction of ERRα Agonists Based on Combined Features and Stacking Ensemble Method
Authors: Xu Jiahao , Huang Zejun , Duan Hao , Li Weihua , Zhuang Jingyan , Xiong Le , Tang Yun , Liu Guixia
Published: June 2024

Estrogen‐related receptor α (ERRα) is considered a very promising target for treating metabolic diseases such as type 2 diabetes. Development of a prediction model to quickly identify potential ERRα agonists can significantly reduce the time spent on virtual screening. In this study, 298 ERRα agonists and numerous nonagonists were collected from various sources to build a new dataset of ERRα agonists. Then a total of 90 models were built using a combination of different algorithms, molecular characterization methods, and data sampling techniques. The consensus model with optimal performance was also validated on the test set (AUC=0.876, BA=0.816) and external validation set (AUC=0.867, BA=0.777) based on five selected baseline models. Furthermore, the model's applicability domain and privileged substructures were examined, and the feature importance was analyzed using the SHAP method to help interpret the model. Based on the above, it's hoped that our publicly accessible data, models, codes, and analytical techniques will prove valuable in quick screening and rational designing more novel and potent ERRα agonists.
Revisiting Numerical Solutions of Weakly Bound Noble Gases’ Vibrational Energy Levels Modeled by the Improved Lennard‐Jones Potential
Authors: Bramastya Apriliyanto Yusuf , Lombardi Andrea , Mancini Luca , Pirani Fernando , Faginas‐Lago Noelia
Published: June 2024

We revisit the numerical solutions of vibrational eigenstates of weakly bound homonuclear and heteronuclear noble gas pairs by applying a Fortran program based on the Numerov method. The harmonic, Lennard‐Jones (LJ), Morse, Tang‐Toennies (TT), and Improved Lennard‐Jones (ILJ) potential models have been implemented to represent the potential energy curves (PECs). The obtained vibrational energies spectrum was tested on the experimental data and accurate ab initio calculations at CCSD(T)/CBS level. The vibrational eigenvalues and eigenfunctions can be reproduced accurately within the ILJ potential model. Moreover, considering the calculated lifetime of van der Waals (vdW) complexes, the implementation of ILJ rather than standard LJ potential model has a significant impact on the systems dynamics by providing more representative atomic trajectories when the function is incorporated in force fields for molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. Overall, the ILJ function is the best suited potential model for the representation of vibrational motions and the determination of vibrational energy levels of weakly bound systems, both at equilibrium and non‐equilibrium conditions.