bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Learning From the Enemies of Freedom: Freedom of Expression and Collective Power
Authors: Kurtulmus Faik
Published: February 2025

This paper develops an account of freedom of expression by drawing lessons from the strategic logic of China’s censorship regime. It argues that freedom of expression helps build the common knowledge needed for overcoming coordination problems and is, thus, a source of collective power. However, realizing the full empowering potential of freedom of expression requires supplementing it with (a) public sources of information that are reliable, trusted, and democratically accountable and (b) measures that will provide citizens with equal opportunity to speak and be heard in ways that will enable them to contribute to their society’s stock of common knowledge.
The cognitive model of negative symptoms: a systematic review and meta-analysis of the dysfunctional belief systems associated with negative symptoms in schizophrenia spectrum disorders
Authors: Saperia Sarah , Plahouras Joanne , Best Michael , Kidd Sean , Zakzanis Konstantine , Foussias George
Published: February 2025

Background

The hypothesized cognitive model of negative symptoms, proposed nearly twenty years ago, is the most prevalent psychological framework for conceptualizing negative symptoms in schizophrenia spectrum disorders (SSDs). The aim of this study was to comprehensively validate the model for the first time, specifically by quantifying the relationships between negative symptom severity and all related dysfunctional beliefs.

Methods

A systematic search was conducted using MEDLINE and PsychINFO, supplemented by manual reviews of reference lists and Google Scholar. Eligible studies were peer-reviewed with data on the direct cross-sectional association between negative symptoms and at least one relevant dysfunctional belief in SSD patients. Screening and data extraction were completed by independent reviewers. Random-effects meta-analyses were performed to pool effect size estimates of z-transformed Pearson’s r correlations. Moderators of these relationships, as well as subset analyses for negative symptom domains and measurement instruments, were also assessed.

Results

Significant effects emerged for the relationships between negative symptoms and defeatist performance beliefs (k = 38, n = 2808), r = 0.23 (95% CI, 0.18–0.27), asocial beliefs (k = 8, n = 578), r = 0.21 (95% CI, 0.12–0.28), low expectancies for success (k = 55, n = 5664), r = −0.21 (95% CI, −0.15 – −0.26), low expectancies for pleasure (k = 5, n = 249), r = −0.19 (95% CI, −0.06 – −0.31), and internalized stigma (k = 81, n = 9766), r = 0.17 (95% CI, 0.12–0.22), but not perception of limited resources (k = 10, n = 463), r = 0.08 (95% CI, −0.13 – 0.27).

Conclusions

This meta-analysis provides support for the cognitive model of negative symptoms. The identification of specific dysfunctional beliefs associated with negative symptoms is essential for the development of precision-based cognitive-behavioral interventions.
Psychotic experiences and disorders in adolescents and young adults with borderline intellectual functioning and intellectual disabilities: evidence from a population-based birth cohort in the United Kingdom
Authors: Dardani Christina , Underwood Jack , Jones Hannah , Rammos Alexandros , Sullivan Sarah , Hull Laura , Khandaker Golam , Zammit Stan , Rai Dheeraj , Madley-Dowd Paul
Published: February 2025

Background

Individuals with borderline intellectual functioning and intellectual disabilities (intellectual impairment) may be at increased risk of psychosis. However, studies have been limited by small and selected samples. Moreover, the role of early life trauma, a key risk factor for psychosis, in the associations is unknown.

Methods

Using data from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC) birth cohort, we investigated the associations between intellectual impairment, psychotic disorders, and psychotic experiences, and assessed the mediating role of trauma in childhood. Individuals with intellectual impairment were identified using a multisource measure utilizing indicators from ALSPAC combined with health and administrative records. Psychotic disorder diagnoses were extracted through linkage to primary care records. Psychotic experiences were assessed at ages 18 and 24 using the semi-structured Psychosis-Like Symptoms interview (PLIKSi). Trauma between ages 5 and 11 was assessed with questionnaires and interviews administered to children and parents at multiple ages. Multiple imputation was performed to mitigate bias due to missing data.

Results

The maximum sample after multiple imputation was 9,407. We found associations between intellectual impairment and psychotic disorders (OR = 4.57; 95%CI: 1.56–13.39). Evidence was weaker in the case of psychotic experiences (OR = 1.63; 95%CI: 0.93–2.84). There was some evidence suggesting a mediating role of trauma in the associations between intellectual impairment and psychotic experiences (OR = 1.09; 95%CI: 1.03–1.15). Complete records analyses yielded comparable estimates.

Conclusions

Intellectual impairment is associated with psychotic disorders and experiences in adulthood. Research into the contribution of trauma could shape intervention strategies for psychotic disorders in this population.
Incorporating control inputs in continuous-time Gaussian process state estimation for robotics
Authors: Lilge Sven , Barfoot Timothy D.
Published: February 2025

Continuous-time batch state estimation using Gaussian processes is an efficient approach to estimate the trajectories of robots over time. In the past, relatively simple physics-motivated priors have been considered for such approaches, using assumptions such as constant velocity or acceleration. This paper presents an approach to incorporating exogenous control inputs, such as velocity or acceleration commands, into the continuous Gaussian process state estimation framework. It is shown that this approach generalizes across different domains in robotics, making it applicable to both the estimation of continuous-time trajectories for mobile robots and the estimation of quasi-static continuum-robot shapes. Results show that incorporating control inputs leads to more informed priors, potentially requiring less measurements and estimation nodes to obtain accurate estimates. This makes the approach particularly useful in situations in which limited sensing is available. For example, in a mobile robot localization experiment with sparse landmark distance measurements and frequent odometry control inputs, our approach provides accurate trajectory estimates with root-mean-square errors around 3-4 cm and 4-5 degrees, even with time intervals up to five seconds between discrete estimation nodes, which significantly reduces computation time.
P Values, Educational Studies, and Reporting Guidelines: Updates to the Prehospital and Disaster Medicine Instructions for Authors
Authors: Franc Jeffrey M.
Published: February 2025

For 2025, three new additions will be made to the instructions for authors. This includes an updated policy on P values, more detailed instructions for educational studies, and the use of existing reporting guidelines for many study designs.
The Practical Politics of Doughnut Economics and Climate Crisis
Authors: Taylor-Gooby Peter
Published: February 2025

An attractive way to address both the climate crisis and the problem of global inequality is to tax rich countries, individuals and businesses, who are responsible for the greater part of carbon emissions, and redistribute the proceeds to create carbon-neutral infrastructure and address human needs through state action (see Raworth 2017 Doughnut Economics: Seven Ways to Think Like a 21st-Century Economist, Penguin Random House; Gough 2017 Heat, Need and Human Greed, Cheltenham: Edward Elgar.). However the dominant value framework in which ideas about wealth, need, and redistribution are embedded centres on deservingness. This largely justifies existing poverty and wealth-holdings, making redistribution within and beyond the rich countries of the global North hard to achieve. Two developments – the ‘deliberative wave’ of citizen participation in government, and the impact of crises in nurturing prosocial values – point to a rapid and sustained value shift. This paper reviews and analyses evidence to consider the practical politics of oughnut economics.
A Hybrid Model Coupling Data and Hydraulic Transient Laws for Water Distribution Systems
Authors: Yan Hexiang , Li Shixun , Tian Wenchong , Wang Jiaying , Li Fei , Duan Huanfeng , Tao Tao , Xin Kunlun
Published: February 2025

The physics‐informed neural network (PINN) method has been applied to solve water hammer equations in pipeline systems due to its ability of seamlessly integrate measurement data with conservation laws, offering advantages over traditional numerical method. However, existing PINN approaches require multiple neural networks to construct composite models for complex water distribution systems (WDS). This situation treats nodal information as boundary condition or labeled data during training, leading to a weaker robustness and a high demand for data. To address these issues, a hybrid water hammer model based on eXtended Physics‐Informed Neural Networks for WDS (WDS‐XPINN) is developed in this study. Unlike the standard PINN, WDS‐XPINN incorporates the nodal mechanistic model directly into the loss function, enabling to synchronously train a unified neural network jointly through sparse augmented measurement data for pipeline system. Additionally, an adaptive weights method is introduced to improve model robustness by balancing the contributions of flowrates and pressures. The proposed WDS‐XPINN is evaluated in two case studies: a series pipeline system with different operational events and noise perturbation, as well as a topological structure with looped and branched pipe. According to the simulation results and uncertainty analysis, the WDS‐XPINN model demonstrates its excellent capacity of modeling fluid transient accurately in pipeline system, even without exact operational conditions or true pipe parameters.
Constraining Soil Hydrothermal CO2 Degassing Across the Changbaishan Volcanic Area: Insights From 13C‐14C Perspective
Authors: Wang Linan , Zhong Jun , Zhang Mao‐Liang , Liu Guo‐Ming , Li Si‐Liang , Xu Sheng
Published: February 2025

Soil hydrothermal CO2 represents important forms of diffuse degassing in volcanic areas, but the corresponding CO2 output remains unclear. Herein, we investigated geochemical features of soil gas, that is, soil gas components, carbon isotopic compositions of soil CO2 (δ13C‐CO2 and Δ14C‐CO2), and soil CO2 fluxes in the Changbaishan volcanic area (CHV). The geochemical characteristics of soil gas in diffuse degassing structures differed significantly from those in volcano‐affected structures. Specifically, soil CO2 concentrations were up to 2.5 × 105 ppm, with δ13C‐CO2 values ranging from −6.2‰ to −1.6‰ and Δ14C‐CO2 values spanning from −996‰ to −845‰, showing significant hydrothermal CO2 signatures. The isotopic mixing model was constructed to estimate the contribution of hydrothermal, biogenic, and atmospheric CO2 to soil CO2. The results showed that soil CO2 in diffuse degassing structures was predominantly derived from hydrothermal CO2, while soil CO2 in the volcano‐affected structures was mainly derived from biogenic CO2. Combined with the soil CO2 fluxes, it was concluded that the hydrothermal CO2 output through soil degassing was 5.83 × 104 t yr−1 in CHV, significantly lower than previous estimates. We found that hydrothermal CO2 release in CHV exceeded the CO2 consumption through silicate weathering, thereby acting as the carbon source. We also estimated the hydrothermal soil CO2 output from global volcanoes based on literature‐published values from 80‐degassing volcanoes, which was ∼150 Mt yr−1. Our results highlighted the importance of conducting 13C‐14C investigations in global volcanic areas to replenish the database of hydrothermal CO2 output in different forms and subsequently evaluate their climatic implications.
Crustal Structure Beneath the Namche Barwa Massif, Eastern Himalayan Syntaxis: Evidence of Magma Underplating?
Authors: Cheng Siyuan , Shen Xuzhang , Li Lun , Wang Wentian , Gao Rui , Liu Mian , Li Haifeng
Published: February 2025

The Namche Barwa massif (NBM) in the Eastern Himalayan Syntaxis (EHS) hosts some of the most active Cenozoic crustal deformation, magmatism, metamorphism, and extreme topographic relief on earth. The crust‐mantle dynamics responsible for the tectono‐magmatism in the NBM remains debated. We image the detailed crustal structures under the NBM using the recordings of a dense seismic array of 400 3‐component node geophones and 4,290 P‐wave receiver functions (PRFs). Our results show a wide range of negative seismic phases in the middle and lower crust and weak Moho signal in the northern part of the NBM, under the Yarlung‐Zangbo River (YZR). The upper crustal discontinuities show “hut” shape structures, and these features were validated with the forward simulation and PRFs from three broadband seismic stations in the region. These crustal structures indicate the presence of magma underplating in the upper mantle under the NBM.
GP73-mediated secretion of PKM2 and GP73 promotes angiogenesis and M2-like macrophage polarization in hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Wang Shujie , Zhang Tongjia , Zhou Yue , Jiao Zitao , Lu Kejia , Liu Xinyi , Jiang Wei , Yang Zhe , Li Hui , Zhang Xiaowei
Published: February 2025

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common malignant tumors. Abnormally high expression of Golgi protein 73 (GP73) and pyruvate kinase M2 (PKM2) is intimately associated with HCC progression. However, as secreted proteins, the role of their extracellular secretions in HCC progression remains unclear. Here, we demonstrated that the expression of extracellular GP73 was positively correlated with extracellular PKM2. GP73 interacted with PKM2 to promote SUMO1 modification of PKM2, which in turn enhanced the interaction of GP73 and PKM2. This process continuously promoted the transfer of PKM2 from the cytoplasm to the membrane in HCC cells, and finally secretion. Extracellular PKM2 and GP73 synergistically promoted angiogenesis and polarization of M2-type macrophages, thereby leading to malignant progression and sorafenib resistance in HCC. Sorafenib combined with shikonin, a specific inhibitor of PKM2, has a strong anti-tumor effect. This study reveals the role of GP73 in enhancing PKM2 and GP73 secretion in promoting HCC progression, providing a theoretical basis and drug targets for HCC therapy.
TMEM45A enhances palbociclib resistance and cellular glycolysis by activating AKT/mTOR signaling pathway in HR+ breast cancer
Authors: Chen Cui , Chen Zehong , Zhao Jinze , Wen Xinyun , Yao Hanming , Weng Zijin , Xiong Huiping , Zheng Zongheng , Wu Juekun
Published: February 2025

Palbociclib, a CDK4/6 inhibitor, plays a crucial role in the treatment of HR+ breast cancer. However, resistance to palbociclib is a significant concern that merits further investigation. Our investigation identifies TMEM45A as a potential driver of palbociclib resistance and its association with increased cellular glycolysis. We demonstrate that TMEM45A is highly expressed in palbociclib-resistant breast cancer (BRCA) cells, correlating with enhanced tumor progression. Silencing TMEM45A enhances sensitivity to palbociclib, promotes cell cycle arrest and apoptosis, and inhibits the proliferation of BRCA cells. Moreover, attenuation of TMEM45A expression reduces cancer aggressiveness by decreasing the expression of EMT and glycolysis-related proteins. Subsequent gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) confirms that TMEM45A activates the AKT/mTOR signaling pathway, which is integral to cell cycle progression and glycolysis. In a cell line-derived xenograft (CDX) mouse model, TMEM45A knockdown significantly restores sensitivity to palbociclib and suppresses tumor growth. Additionally, the use of engineered exosomes loaded with siRNA targeting TMEM45A presents a promising strategy for enhancing CDK4/6 inhibitor sensitivity without observable toxic side effects in a patient-derived xenograft (PDX) model. Collectively, our findings suggest that TMEM45A may be a therapeutic target for overcoming palbociclib resistance, and exosomal siRNA delivery could be a viable strategy for precision medicine in HR+ breast cancer.
A genetic perspective on the recent demographic history of Ireland and Britain
Authors: Shanmugam Ashwini , Merrigan Michael , O’Reilly Seamus , Molloy Anne M. , Brody Lawrence , Hardiman Orla , Bodmer Walter , McLaughlin Russell L. , Cavalleri Gianpiero L. , Byrne Ross P. , Gilbert Edmund H.
Published: February 2025

While subtle yet discrete clusters of genetic identity across Ireland and Britain have been identified, their recent demographic history is unclear. Using genotype data from 6574 individuals with associated regional Irish or British ancestry, we identified genetic communities by applying Leiden community detection. Using haplotype segments segregated by length as proxy for time, we inferred regional Irish and British demographic histories. Using a subset of Irish participants, we provide genealogical context by estimating the enrichment/depletion of surnames within the Irish genetic communities. Through patterns of haplotype sharing, we find evidence of recent population bottlenecks in Orcadian, Manx and Welsh genetic communities. We observed temporal changes in genetic affinities within and between genetic communities in Ireland and Britain. Structure in Ireland is subtler compared to neighbouring British communities, with the Irish groups sharing relatively more short haplotype segments. In addition, we detected varying degrees of genetic isolation in peripheral Irish and British genetic communities across different time periods. Further, we observe a stable migration corridor between north-east Ireland and south-west Scotland while there is a recent migration barrier between south-east and west Ireland. Genealogical analysis of surnames in Ireland reflects history—Anglo-Norman surnames are enriched in the Wexford community while Scottish and Gallowglass surnames were enriched in the Ulster community. Using these new insights into the regional demographic history of Ireland and Britain across different time periods, we hope to understand the driving forces of rare allele frequencies and disease risk association within these populations.
Coalescence of carbon nanotubes while preserving the chiral angles
Authors: Takakura Akira , Nishihara Taishi , Harano Koji , Cretu Ovidiu , Tanaka Takeshi , Kataura Hiromichi , Miyauchi Yuhei
Published: February 2025

Atomically precise coalescence of graphitic nanocarbon molecules is one of the most challenging reactions in sp
2 carbon chemistry. Here, we demonstrate that two carbon nanotubes with the same chiral indices (n, m) are efficiently coalesced into a single (2n, 2 m) nanotube with preserved chiral angles via heat treatment at less than 1000 °C. The (2n, 2 m) nanotubes constitute up to ≈ 20%–40% of the final sample in the most efficient case. Additional optical absorption peaks of the (2n, 2 m) nanotubes emerge, indicating that the reaction occurs over the entire sample. The reaction efficiency strongly depends on the chiral angle, implying that C–C bond cleavage and recombination occurs sequentially. Furthermore, the reaction occurs efficiently even at 600 °C in an atmosphere containing trace amounts of oxygen. These findings offer routes for the structure-selective synthesis of large-diameter nanotubes and modification of the properties of nanotube assemblies via postprocessing.
Leveraging public AI tools to explore systems biology resources in mathematical modeling
Authors: Kannan Meera , Bridgewater Gabrielle , Zhang Ming , Blinov Michael L.
Published: February 2025

Predictive mathematical modeling is an essential part of systems biology and is interconnected with information management. Systems biology information is often stored in specialized formats to facilitate data storage and analysis. These formats are not designed for easy human readability and thus require specialized software to visualize and interpret results. Therefore, comprehending modeling and underlying networks and pathways is contingent on mastering systems biology tools, which is particularly challenging for users with no or little background in data science or system biology. To address this challenge, we investigated the usage of public Artificial Intelligence (AI) tools in exploring systems biology resources in mathematical modeling. We tested public AI’s understanding of mathematics in models, related systems biology data, and the complexity of model structures. Our approach can enhance the accessibility of systems biology for non-system biologists and help them understand systems biology without a deep learning curve.
Transforming US agriculture for carbon removal with enhanced weathering
Authors: Beerling David J. , Kantzas Euripides P. , Lomas Mark R. , Taylor Lyla L. , Zhang Shuang , Kanzaki Yoshiki , Eufrasio Rafael M. , Renforth Phil , Mecure Jean-Francois , Pollitt Hector , Holden Philip B. , Edwards Neil R. , Koh Lenny , Epihov Dimitar Z. , Wolf Adam , Hansen James E. , Banwart Steven A. , Pidgeon Nick F. , Reinhard Christopher T. , Planavsky Noah J. , Val Martin Maria
Published: February 2025

Enhanced weathering (EW) with agriculture uses crushed silicate rocks to drive carbon dioxide removal (CDR)1,2. If widely adopted on farmlands, it could help achieve net-zero emissions by 20502–4. Here we show, with a detailed US state-specific carbon cycle analysis constrained by resource provision, that EW deployed on agricultural land could sequester 0.16–0.30 GtCO2 yr−1 by 2050, rising to 0.25–0.49 GtCO2 yr−1 by 2070. Geochemical assessment of rivers and oceans suggests effective transport of dissolved products from EW from soils, offering CDR on intergenerational timescales. Our analysis further indicates that EW may temporarily help lower ground-level ozone and concentrations of secondary aerosols in agricultural regions. Geospatially mapped CDR costs show heterogeneity across the USA, reflecting a combination of cropland distance from basalt source regions, timing of EW deployment and evolving CDR rates. CDR costs are highest in the first two decades before declining to about US$100–150 tCO2
−1 by 2050, including for states that contribute most to total national CDR. Although EW cannot be a substitute for emission reductions, our assessment strengthens the case for EW as an overlooked practical innovation for helping the USA meet net-zero 2050 goals5,6. Public awareness of EW and equity impacts of EW deployment across the USA require further exploration7,8 and we note that mobilizing an EW industry at the necessary scale could take decades.
Antibody prophylaxis may mask subclinical SIV infections in macaques
Authors: Gonelli Christopher A. , King Hannah A. D. , Ko SungYoul , Fennessey Christine M. , Iwamoto Nami , Mason Rosemarie D. , Heimann Ashley , Flebbe Dillon R. , Todd John-Paul , Foulds Kathryn E. , Keele Brandon F. , Lifson Jeffrey D. , Koup Richard A. , Roederer Mario
Published: February 2025

Broadly neutralizing antibodies (bNAbs) show potential to prevent human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1) infection in humans1. However, there are limited data on the antibody concentrations required to prevent infection. Clinical trials of bNAb prophylaxis have demonstrated partial efficacy2, but the sampling frequency typically does not allow precise timing of infection events and concurrent antibody levels. Here, using simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) infection of rhesus macaques, we show that although potent bNAbs can delay the onset of acute viremia, subclinical infections occur while bNAb levels remain high. Serial SIV challenge of monkeys given partially and fully neutralizing bNAbs revealed that ‘viral blips’—low and transient plasma viremia—often occur while serum bNAb concentrations are well above currently accepted protective levels. To understand the precise timing of the infections resulting in such blips, we performed plasma viral sequencing on monkeys that were serially challenged with genetically barcoded SIV after bNAb administration. These analyses showed that subclinical infections occurred in most animals that were given potent bNAb prophylaxis. These subclinical infections occurred while antibody concentrations were 2- to 400-fold higher than the levels required to prevent fully viremic breakthrough infection. This study demonstrates that immunoprophylaxis can mask subclinical infections, which may affect the interpretation of prophylactic HIV-1 bNAb clinical trials.
Rapid and sensitive protein complex alignment with Foldseek-Multimer
Authors: Kim Woosub , Mirdita Milot , Levy Karin Eli , Gilchrist Cameron L. M. , Schweke Hugo , Söding Johannes , Levy Emmanuel D. , Steinegger Martin
Published: February 2025

Advances in computational structure prediction will vastly augment the hundreds of thousands of currently available protein complex structures. Translating these into discoveries requires aligning them, which is computationally prohibitive. Foldseek-Multimer computes complex alignments from compatible chain-to-chain alignments, identified by efficiently clustering their superposition vectors. Foldseek-Multimer is 3–4 orders of magnitudes faster than the gold standard, while producing comparable alignments; this allows it to compare billions of complex pairs in 11 h. Foldseek-Multimer is open-source software available at GitHub via https://github.com/steineggerlab/foldseek/, https://search.foldseek.com/search/ and the BFMD database.
Pause before action: Waiting short time as a simple and resource-rational boost
Authors: Shirasuna Masaru , Kagawa Rina , Honda Hidehito
Published: February 2025

Many workers today engage in straightforward judgment tasks, increasing the need for interventions to improve accuracy. We propose a resource-rational and psychohygienic intervention, “wait short time”, which introduces a brief pause before displaying alternatives. This pause works as a harmonious triad: it clears the mind of prior judgment bias, restores present attention, and prepares the mind for future judgments; and all this without additional instructions. Based on a resource rationality framework, cognitive costs (e.g., irritation, cognitive conflict) are associated with prolonged thinking because of humans limited cognitive resources. Therefore, there should be an appropriately short thinking time to achieve higher accuracy with minimal workload. We investigated the effectiveness of the proposed intervention both theoretically and empirically. The computer simulations demonstrated that, under assumptions of limited cognitive resources, there was an optimal time at the early stages for maximizing total benefits. The results of behavioral experiment was consistent with the theoretical findings: Providing a waiting time (1 s or 2.5 s) improved judgment accuracy, but cognitive conflicts increased over time and an unnecessarily long time (2.5 s) induced more subjective irritation. Consequently, an appropriate time (1 s) could enhance judgment accuracy with less workload. We discuss the implications and limitations of the proposed intervention.
Hybrid quantum neural networks show strongly reduced need for free parameters in entity matching
Authors: Bischof Lukas , Teodoropol Stefan , Füchslin Rudolf M. , Stockinger Kurt
Published: February 2025

Modern technology and scientific experiments increasingly generate larger and larger amounts of data. This data is sometimes redundant, incomplete or inaccurate and needs to be cleaned and merged with other data before becoming useful for scientific exploration. Hence, entity matching, i.e. the process of linking data about a given entity gathered from multiple data sets, is a major problem in artificial intelligence with applications in science and industry. Typical methods for entity matching either use specialized algorithms or supervised machine learning. Although the problem has been well studied on classical computers, it is unclear how quantum approaches would tackle these challenges. In this paper, we evaluate quantum machine learning algorithms for entity matching on a hand-crafted data set and compare them to similar classical algorithms. We do this by implementing a neural network with a classical embedding layer and extending it with quantum layers. Our experimental results suggest that our hybrid quantum neural network reaches similar performance as classical approaches while requiring an order of magnitude fewer parameters than its classical counterpart. Furthermore, we also show that a model trained on a quantum simulator is portable and thus transferable to a real quantum computer. From a practical perspective and as long as quantum hardware is a scarce resource, experiments, e.g. addressing performance, can profit from producing good initial configurations for quantum neural networks via a simulator, thus only leaving the fine-tuning to quantum computations.
Innovative zero-valent cobalt decoration on MIL-88 A(Fe)@β-CD for high-efficiency and reusable cr(VI) removal
Authors: Abd El-Monaem Eman M. , Al Harby Nouf , El Batouti Mervette , Eltaweil Abdelazeem S.
Published: February 2025

Herein, the magnetic ZVCo-MIL-88 A(Fe)@β-CD composite was fabricated via post-synthetic decoration of MIL-88 A(Fe)@β-CD with ZVCo to produce a magnetic efficient adsorbent for Cr(VI) removal. The experimental findings denoted that the ZVCo decoration boosted the adsorption capability of MIL-88 A(Fe)@β-CD, where the adsorption % of Cr(VI) improved from 73.07 to 94.02% after its decoration with 10 wt% of ZVCo. Furthermore, the ZVCo decoration ameliorated the recycling feature of MIL-88 A(Fe)@β-CD since the removal % of Cr(VI) by MIL-88 A(Fe)@β-CD and ZVCo-MIL-88 A(Fe)@β-CD reached 27.24 and 84.98%, respectively. The optimization experiments of the Cr(VI) ions clarified that the higher adsorption % fulfilled 94.02% at pH = 3, using ZVCo-MIL-88 A(Fe)@β-CD dosage = 0.5 g/L, Cr(VI) concentration = 50 mg/L, and at room temperature. Notably, the concentration of the adsorbed Cr(VI) brings off the equilibrium stage within an hour, implying the fast adsorption property of ZVCo-MIL-88 A(Fe)@β-CD. The kinetic and isotherms assessments denoted the contribution of the physical and chemical adsorption pathways in adsorbing the Cr(VI) species onto ZVCo-MIL-88 A(Fe)@β-CD. In addition, the XPS spectra and zeta potential results supposed that the process inside the Cr(VI)/ZVCo-MIL-88 A(Fe)@β-CD system proceeded through reduction reaction, coordination bonds, electrostatic interactions, and pore-filling mechanisms.
Whole genome sequencing in early onset advanced heart failure
Authors: Linnér Erik , Czuba Tomasz , Gidlöf Olof , Lundgren Jakob , Bollano Entela , Hellberg Maria , Celik Selvi , Pimpalwar Neha , Rentzsch Philipp , Martorella Molly , Gummesson Anders , Melander Olle , Albinsson Sebastian , Dellgren Göran , Borén Jan , Jeppsson Anders , Lumbers R. Thomas , Shah Sonia , Nilsson Johan , Natarajan Pradeep , Lappalainen Tuuli , Levin Malin , Ehrencrona Hans , Smith J. Gustav
Published: February 2025

The genetic contributions to early onset heart failure (HF) are incompletely understood. Genetic testing in advanced HF patients undergoing heart transplantation (HTx) may yield clinical benefits, but data is limited. We performed deep-coverage whole genome sequencing (WGS) in 102 Swedish HTx recipients. Gene lists were compiled through a systematic literature review. Variants were prioritized for pathogenicity and classified manually. We also compared polygenic HF risk scores to a population-based cohort. We found a pathogenic (LP/P) variant in 34 individuals (34%). Testing yield was highest in hypertrophic (63% LP/P carriers), dilated (40%) and arrhythmogenic right ventricular (33%) cardiomyopathy and lower in ischemic cardiomyopathy (10%). A family history was more common in LP/P variant carriers than in non-carriers but was present in less than half of carriers (44% vs 13%, P < 0.001), whereas age was similar. Polygenic risk scores were similar in HTx recipients and the population cohort. In conclusion, we observed a high prevalence of pathogenic cardiomyopathy gene variants in individuals with early-onset advanced HF, which could not accurately be ruled out by family history and age. In contrast, we did not observe higher polygenic risk scores in early onset advanced HF cases than in the general population.
Non-state actor perceptions of legitimacy and meaningful participation in international climate governance
Authors: Dellmuth Lisa , Gustafsson Maria-Therese , Segovia-Tzompa Suanne Mistel
Published: February 2025

There is a lively debate about the legitimacy of the international climate regime, as represented by the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, and the quality of non-state actor participation in the regime. This commentary examines perceptions of involved non-state actors from 2021–2022 regarding their participation and regime legitimacy. The findings reveal no legitimacy crisis for the adaptation and mitigation regimes, but the surveyed NSAs are divided in their legitimacy beliefs. NSAs also express significant disappointment about their opportunities for participation.
The relationship between tumour necrosis, systemic inflammation, body composition and survival in patients with colon cancer
Authors: Dolan Ross D. , Pennel Kathryn , Thompson Joshua , McKenzie Molly , Alexander Peter , Richards Colin , Black Douglas , Abbass Tanvir , Maka Noori , McGovern Josh , Roseweir Antonia , McSorley Stephen T. , Horgan Paul G. , Roxburgh Campbell , McMillan Donald C. , Edwards Joanne
Published: February 2025

Background

In cancer cachexia the relationship between the tumour, its environment and the systemic inflammatory response is not clear. This study aims to examine this relationship in greater detail.

Methods

Host characteristics included the presence of a Systemic Inflammatory Response (SIR) as measured by Systemic Inflammatory Grade (SIG), sarcopenia (SMI) and myosteatosis (SMD) were measured. Categorical variables were analysed using χ2 test for linear-by-linear association, or χ2 test for 2 by 2 tables. Survival analysis was carried out using univariate and multivariate Cox regression.

Results

A total of 473 patients were included. Of these, 70.4% were over 65 years of age, 54.8% were male and 49.8% had an ASA grade of 1 or 2. Pathological examination showed that the majority of patients had a T3 (53.7%) or a T4 (34.0%) cancer and 73.0% had evidence of necrosis. A SIG score of 0 or 1 was present in 57.7% of patients. Tumour necrosis was associated with age (p < 0.01), tumour location (p < 0.01), T-stage (p < 0.001), margin involvement (p < 0.05), SIG (p < 0.001), SMI (p < 0.01), SMD (p < 0.05) and 5-year survival (p < 0.001). On multivariate survival analysis in patients with T3 cancers age (HR: 1.45 95% CI 1.13–1.86 p < 0.01), ASA grade (HR: 1.50 95% CI 1.15–1.95 p < 0.01) and SIG (HR: 1.28 95% CI 1.11–1.48 p < 0.001) remained independently associated with survival.

Conclusion

These results suggest that tumour necrosis and the subsequent SIR could result in profound changes in body composition and survival. Further pre-clinical and clinical work is required to prove causation.
Synthesis of photocatalyst composite films from recycled plastics via hot pressing for dye wastewater treatment
Authors: Chuang Kui-Hao , Lin Zhe-Ai , Wey Ming-Yen
Published: February 2025

Recycled plastic-derived photocatalyst films efficiently degrade dye wastewater, offering a sustainable method for waste recycling and environmental protection.
A trade-off between migration and association energies for hydride-ion conductivity in the SrLiH3–CaLiH3–NaLiH2 system
Authors: Hirose Takashi , Matsui Naoki , Watanabe Kenta , Saito Takashi , Mori Kazuhiro , Suzuki Kota , Hirayama Masaaki , Kanno Ryoji
Published: February 2025

Perovskite-type hydride-ion conductors were explored in the SrLiH3–CaLiH3–NaLiH2 system, with Sr0.8Na0.2LiH2.8 achieving the highest H− conductivity of 5.1 × 10−6 S cm−1 at 25 °C.
Remarkable ionic thermoelectric performance of high-entropy gel thermocell near room temperature
Authors: Yang Lijuan , Chen Jiawei , Han Cheng-Gong , Zhu Yongbin , Xie Chunxia , Liu Zhenbang , Wang Haoyu , Bao Yu , Han Dongxue , Niu Li
Published: February 2025

A concept of high-entropy was introduced in ionic thermoelectric gels through multi-ions interactions. Adding multi-ions rearranged the hydration shell of redox couples, boosting reaction entropy change and resulting in a remarkable performance.
Iron clusters and single atom sites cooperatively promote bifunctional oxygen reaction activity in ultra-stable flexible zinc–air batteries
Authors: Liu Qi , Qiao Panzhe , Shen Di , Xie Ying , Wang Baoluo , Han Tianyu , Shi Hongtu , Wang Lei , Fu Honggang
Published: February 2025

Iron clusters coupled with single atom sites have been developed as bifunctional oxygen reaction electrocatalysts for constructing ultra-stable, flexible zinc–air batteries operable in a temperature range from +40 °C to −40 °C.
A review on low-concentration electrolytes for rechargeable batteries
Authors: Liu Lin , Chen Zi-Jian , Zhu Guo-Yu , Huang Bai-Hua , Wang Bo , Yao Yu , Bin De-Shan , Rui Xianhong , Yu Yan
Published: February 2025

Due to their lower cost, better wettability, and more salt options, low concentration electrolytes (LCEs) have inspired numerous interests. This review outlines the current knowledge on the design and application of LCEs in rechargeable batteries.
Additive manufacturing in space research: hybrid mass analyser for laser ablation ionisation mass spectrometry
Authors: Riedo Andreas , Schmidt Peter Keresztes , Boeren Nikita J. , Gruchola Salome , Knecht Luca N. , Tulej Marek , Wurz Peter
Published: February 2025

Additive manufacturing of ion optical components for rapid prototyping in mass spectrometry. 3D printed reflectron shows similar performance to conventionally manufactured system.
Synthesis of a new olivine reference material by a novel method for in situ iron and magnesium isotope analyses using laser ablation MC-ICP-MS
Authors: Zeng Xianli , Li Ming , Zhang Wen , Jin Hongyun , Liu Yongsheng , Hu Zhaochu , Luo Tao , Yang Shengjun , Liu Zhenyan , Wang Jingyuan
Published: February 2025

A homogeneous olivine reference material has been developed via a novel synthesis approach combining ultrafine powder preparation and solid-phase sintering, showing potential for in situ Fe and Mg isotopic analyses using LA-MC-ICP-MS.
Design and simulation of biomimetic microfluidic designs to achieve uniform flow and DNA capture for high-throughput multiplexing
Authors: Osman Enas , L'Heureux-Hache Jonathan , Li Phoebe , Soleymani Leyla
Published: February 2025

Bioinspired microfluidics enable high-throughput multiplexed detection of analytes in a biosensing system.
Evaluation of biomolecular interactions and in vitro cytotoxic activity of mononuclear and polymeric copper(ii)-based complexes against triple-negative breast cancer cells
Authors: Mantoo Imtiyaz Ahmad , Prasad Chandra Prakash , Yousuf Imtiyaz
Published: February 2025

In vitro biomolecular & cytotoxic assessment of a mononuclear & polymeric copper based chemotherutic agents.
Synergy between microelectrolysis and trimetallic MOFs activates perovskite monosulfate for ofloxacin degradation
Authors: Yu Fangke , Hao Huiqi , Gou Jie , Li Haoqing
Published: February 2025

Based on the carbonization of metal–organic frameworks, this study developed and synthesized a catalyst, referred to as tri-metallic MOF carbonization (TMC), that enhanced electron transfer to facilitate the generation of singlet oxygen.
Rare earth orthovanadate (REM-VO4; REM = Pr, Gd, and Sm)-based sensors for selective and simultaneous detection of furazolidone and metronidazole
Authors: Bharathi Pandiyan , Wang Sea-Fue
Published: February 2025

A detailed differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) study on the electrochemical determination of furazolidone (FD) and metronidazole (MD), employing rare-earth orthovanadates (REM-VO4; REM = Pr, Gd, and Sm) as electrode modifiers.
Epoxy-based vitrimeric semi-interpenetrating network/MXene nanocomposites for hydrogen gas barrier applications
Authors: Bhattacharyya Anandarup , Saha Subhabrata , Jena Sambedan , Nguyen Hoang Tuan , Tran Duy Thanh , Kim Nam Hoon , Lee Joong Hee
Published: February 2025

The H2 gas-barrier performance of a nylon 6 substrate is improved by an MXene-reinforced semi-interpenetrating network comprised of a poly(ethylene-co-vinyl alcohol)/epoxy vitrimer nanocomposite with the added feature of self-healing characteristics.
Palladaelectro-catalyzed ortho-C–H-monoarylation of 2-phenylpyridines with arenediazonium salts
Authors: Kher Krishna , Verma Rashmi , Regar Ankita , Baroliya Prabhat Kumar
Published: February 2025

This paper demonstrates the electrochemical palladium-catalyzed selective C–H arylation of arenes using diazonium salts as a cost-effective aryl source, eliminating the need for chemical oxidants.
Structural disproportionation of Ag20Cu10 highlights the impact of cluster structure on electrocatalytic properties for CO2 reduction
Authors: Wang Yujiao , Xiong Lin , Cheng Qian , Hu Daqiao , Jin Shan , Zhu Manzhou
Published: February 2025

Driven by SbF6−, the AgCu)30 nanocluster undergoes size disproportionation into AgCu)32 and AgCu)20, exhibiting structure-dependent electrocatalytic performance for CO2 reduction.
Proof of concept for brain organoid-on-a-chip to create multiple domains in forebrain organoids
Authors: Tsai Yuan-Chen , Ozaki Hajime , Morikawa Ango , Shiraiwa Kaori , Pin Andy Prosvey , Salem Aya Galal , Phommahasay Kenneth Akady , Sugita Bret Kiyoshi , Vu Christine Hein , Hammad Saba Mamoun , Kamei Ken-ichiro , Watanabe Momoko
Published: February 2025

Multilayered microfluidic chips were designed to generate morphogen gradients and topographically organized multi-region forebrain organoids.
Advances in pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidines: synthesis and their role as protein kinase inhibitors in cancer treatment
Authors: Iorkula Terungwa H. , Jude-Kelly Osayawe Osasere , Odogwu Daniel A. , Ganiyu Latifat Oluwatobi , Faderin Emmanuel , Awoyemi Raymond Femi , Akodu Busayo Odunayo , Ifijen Ikhazuagbe Hilary , Aworinde Omowunmi Rebecca , Agyemang Peter , Onyinyechi Odo Lovelyn
Published: February 2025

Pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidines are a notable class of heterocyclic compounds with potent protein kinase inhibitor (PKI) activity, playing a critical role in targeted cancer therapy.
Sticky tubes co-assembled by functionalised diphenylalanine and polydopamine nanoparticles form biocompatible antifouling coating
Authors: Sivagnanam Subramaniyam , Nayak Suman , Halder Arpita , Mukherjee Oindrilla , Saha Abhijit , Das Priyadip
Published: February 2025

Co-assembled sticky tubes obtained by co-assembling functionalized dipeptide and polydopamine nanoparticles form a stable, biocompatible coating on desired surfaces (glass and aluminium) and resist fouling.
Syntheses of cyclic polylactides and the problem of catenane formation
Authors: Kricheldorf Hans R. , Weidner Steffen M.
Published: February 2025

Cyclic poly(l-lactide)s (PLAs) were prepared in bulk either by ring-expansion polymerization (REP) or by ring-opening polymerization (ROP) with simultaneous polycondensation (ROPPOC). No evidence of substantial catenane formation was found.
Mercapto-NSAIDs generate a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) and hydrogen sulfide
Authors: Gupta Simran M. , Mohite Pratiksha S. , Chakrapani Harinath
Published: February 2025

A new class of mercapto-NSAIDs that generate persulfide, H2S, and the NSAID is reported.
Enhancing FAIRdata by providing digital workflows from data generation to the publication of data: an open source approach described for cyclic voltammetry
Authors: Herrmann David , Hodapp Patrick , Starman Martin , Huang Pei-Chi , Lin Chia-Lin , Le Lan B. Q. , Fischer Tillmann G. , Bizzarri Claudia , Röse Philipp , Oppel Niklas , Klar Jochen , Tremouilhac Pierre , Holzhauer Laura , Herres-Pawlis Sonja , Hoffmann Alexander , Seitz Tobias , Dorn Alrik , Zeitler Kirsten , Jung Nicole , Bräse Stefan
Published: February 2025

The generation of FAIR data in experimental sciences, e.g. for cyclic voltammetry datasets, involves multiple steps, including collecting data from devices, processing the data in an ELN environment, and publishing it in a repository.
The activity key of s-block single-atom catalysts for superior CO2RR: sp2 hybridization of metal sites
Authors: Liu Ce , Cao Shoufu , Wei Yuteng , Chen Zengxuan , Liu Siyuan , Chen Hongyu , Yin Yitong , Wei Shuxian , Wang Zhaojie , Lu Xiaoqing
Published: February 2025

Coordination regulation transforms the inert sp-hybridized states of s-block SACs to active sp2 hybridized states, which ensures optimal intermediate adsorption and ultra-low overpotential for selective CO2 reduction to HCOOH.
Development of an AI-derived, non-invasive, label-free 3D-printed microfluidic SERS biosensor platform utilizing Cu@Ag/carbon nanofibers for the detection of salivary biomarkers in mass screening of oral cancer
Authors: Sunil Navami , Unnathpadi Rajesh , Seenivasagam Rajkumar Kottayasamy , Abhijith T. , Latha R. , Sheen Shina , Pullithadathil Biji
Published: February 2025

An AI-driven non-invasive and label-free 3D-printed SERS biosensor based on Cu@Ag integrated carbon nanofibers for detection of salivary biomarkers has been developed for mass screening, early diagnosis, and improving treatment efficacy of oral cancer.
Precision therapeutics for inflammatory bowel disease: advancing ROS-responsive nanoparticles for targeted and multifunctional drug delivery
Authors: Wan Xiuping , Zhang Caijie , Lei Pengyu , Wang Hanbing , Chen Rongbing , Yang Qinsi , Cheng Yongwei , Wu Wei , Sun Da , Hong Xiaofei
Published: February 2025

This review discusses ROS-responsive nanoparticles in IBD therapy, highlighting challenges, solutions, and the “layered programmable delivery” strategy for enhanced drug delivery and localized treatment.
Crystal structure engineering of Prussian blue through a double-acting chelating agent for energy storage devices
Authors: Zhu Jinbo , Sun Zanyu , Wang Yuhang , Ye Feng , Guo Weihua , Li Ruoxin , Chang Guangtao
Published: February 2025

This work utilizes aspartic acid as both an acidulant and a chelant, effectively controlling the crystallization rate of Prussian blue, reducing its usage, and enhancing its electrochemical performance.
Synergistic engineering of ultraviolet metal-free crystals with exceptional birefringence via pyridine-derived dimers
Authors: Lu Jiachen , Ok Kang Min
Published: February 2025

The introduction of optimized [4-HP/4-H2P]+ cationic dimer pairs, instead of single monovalent [4-AP]+ cations, enhances birefringence by increasing the density of cationic layers and improving the alignment of anionic [3-pySO3]− groups.
Correction: Phosphatidylserine-functionalized liposomes-in-microgels for delivering genistein to effectively treat ulcerative colitis
Authors: Yan Huijia , Li Yanfei , Li Sihui , Wu Di , Xu Yu , Hu Jiangning
Published: February 2025

Correction for ‘Phosphatidylserine-functionalized liposomes-in-microgels for delivering genistein to effectively treat ulcerative colitis’ by Huijia Yan et al., J. Mater. Chem. B, 2023, 11, 10404–10417, https://doi.org/10.1039/D3TB00812F.