bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Preliminary Study to Determine the Reference Plane of Patients with a Unilateral Cleft Lip and Palate
Authors: Kim Na-Ri , Park Soo-Byung , Shin Sang Min , Choi Yong-Seok , Kim Seong-Sik , Son Woo-Sung , Kim Yong-Il
Published: August 2016

Objective

The objective of this study was to determine the three-dimensional midsagittal reference planes for unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP) patients that can be easily applied in a clinical setting.

Design

This was a retrospective analysis.

Patients

There were 35 UCLP patients (25 men, 10 women; 28.1 ± 6.9 years old) in this study.

Methods

With landmark's three-dimensional coordinates obtained from cone-beam computed tomography, the symmetric midsagittal reference planes were calculated by applying the ordinary Procrustes superimposition method using the original and mirror images. Procrustes analysis was also used to find the closest landmarks to the calculated symmetric midsagittal reference plane and test its compatibility with the symmetrical midsagittal reference plane.

Main Outcome Measure

The three nearest landmarks to the symmetric midsagittal reference plane were Opisthion, Basion, and Nasion.

Results

The averages of the sums of the squared Euclidean distance and squared Procrustes distance differences between the two configurations and shapes fabricated by the symmetrical and landmark-based midsagittal reference planes, respectively, were calculated as 1.836 ± 3.295 and 1.519 × 10–5 ± 2.351 × 10–5.

Conclusion

It was confirmed that the midsagittal reference planes from these selected landmarks for UCLP patients were compatible with symmetric midsagittal reference planes from the Procrustes analysis and the asymmetric measurements.
Characterization of Wisconsin Giant Ragweed (Ambrosia trifida) Resistant to Cloransulam
Authors: Marion Stacey M. , Davis Vince M. , Stoltenberg David E.
Published: August 2016

A giant ragweed population with putative resistance to cloransulam was identified in a long-term corn–soybean rotation located in southern Wisconsin. The population represented the first potential instance of giant ragweed resistance to acetolactate synthase (ALS) inhibitors in the state. Seeds were collected from several plants and pooled for subsequent experiments. Whole-plant dose–response experiments showed a high level of resistance (>500-fold) of the resistant (R) accession to cloransulam compared with a sensitive (S) accession. In vivo ALS bioassays showed that the target enzyme was 10.6- to 13.6-fold less sensitive to cloransulam in R than in S plants. Partial sequence analysis of the ALS gene found a tryptophan-to-leucine substitution at the 574 amino acid position (W574L) in the R phenotype. To better understand the potential fitness costs associated with the target-site substitution, replacement series experiments performed under greenhouse conditions characterized the relative growth, development, and fecundity of the R accession compared with an S accession in the absence of cloransulam. Growth over time did not differ between the R and S accessions for plant height during the vegetative phase (21 to 98 d after planting [DAP]) or for plant leaf area (21 to 80 DAP). At the estimated maximum, proportional shoot dry mass of each accession did not differ from theoretical proportions representing competitive equivalence, indicating no difference in vegetative competitive ability. Fecundity of R plants (430±53 seeds plant−1) did not differ from that of S plants (451±47 seeds plant−1), nor did seed viability (74 to 75% across accessions). This is the first report of equal competitive ability, fecundity, and seed viability between giant ragweed accessions R or S to cloransulam. The results suggest that the cloransulam resistance trait may persist and spread in the giant ragweed field population over time, even in the absence of selection by cloransulam.
Interactions in offshore foundation design
Authors: Houlsby G. T.
Published: August 2016

This paper presents some examples of design problems for offshore foundations, drawn from the jack-up industry and the wind turbine industry. The examples are chosen to illustrate some general points about foundation design, geotechnical engineering and its interaction with other disciplines. The first example is drawn from the assessment of the safety of installation of jack-up units (large mobile offshore drilling rigs). It illustrates how more rational approaches can be achieved through a deeper use of probabilistic methods in both the prediction of performance and the assessment of field observations. The second example also comes from jack-up practice, but has wider application too: it addresses the classical problem of the performance of foundations under combined loading, and how this can be understood in a simple theoretical and practical framework based on plasticity theory. The final example comes from the renewables sector, where the rapidly expanding offshore wind industry poses new foundation challenges for geotechnical engineers. Practical and economic foundation solutions are required if the UK is to meet its ambitious plans to exploit larger turbines in deeper waters. Both conventional (monopile) and novel solutions (suction caissons, screw piles) to the foundation problem are discussed. The paper also demonstrates how interactions with other disciplines can enrich geotechnical engineering, illustrated by specific practical examples from the author's experience.
Gauging the Ability of the FOMC to Respond to Future Recessions
Authors: Reifschneider David
Published: August 2016

Current forecasts suggest that the federal funds rate in the future is likely to level out at a rather low level by historical standards. If so, then the FOMC will have less ability than in the past to cut short-term interest rates in response to a future recession, suggesting a risk that economic downturns could turn out to be more severe as a result. However, simulations of the FRB/US model of a severe recession suggest that large-scale asset purchases and forward guidance about the future path of the federal funds rate should be able to provide enough additional accommodation to fully compensate for a more limited to cut short-term interest rates in most, but probably not all, circumstances.
A Survey Report of Chinese College Students’ Perceptions of the College English Course
Authors: Li Ming , Zhao Guofu , Cao Gaigai
Published: August 2016

This study examined Chinese college students’ perceptions of the college English course. The participants were freshmen and sophomores in a Chinese university. We handed out the original English version questionnaires to 419 students. The results indicated that there were learning problems in students’ motivation with respect to empowerment, interest, and success. There were also gender and class standing differences among the participants. Data from exploratory factor analysis (EFA) illustrated that the factors of usefulness, empowerment and interest received the most attention from the participants (n=367). The results indicated that it was necessary to implement the communicative language teaching (CLT) approach in the college English course. Suggestions on how to change the classroom environment were also discussed.
The Study of Kurdish & Persian Languages Use in Kermanshah
Authors: Tabar Farahnaz Jalilian , Sabouri Narjes Banou
Published: August 2016

This study is an attempt to explore the extent people of Kermanshah use Kurdish and Persian languages. Three hundred eighty-four samples were chosen out of 857048 population (adopted from Cochran (Cochran, 1977) randomly. The subjects were selected in terms of gender (male of female), age group (Under 10, 11-16, 17-25, 65 to over), education (Illiterate, Primary, Secondary, High school, AD, BA, MA, or higher). The questionnaire is designed on the basis of Parasher pattern (1980). The selection of Kurdish and Persian languages were under study in six social contexts of “family, friendship, neighborhood, business, education, and office” into the four Licker Scale of “Always, Often, Sometimes, and Never”.  The collected data were analyzed via SPSS Software. The results showed that the differences in the use of Persian and Kurdish languages are statistically significant in terms of age, gender, and social context. However, the average use is not meaningful on the side of education.
The Significance of Listening Comprehension in English Language Teaching
Authors: Gilakjani Abbas Pourhosein , Sabouri Narjes Banou
Published: August 2016

Listening is a significant language skill to develop in second language learning. Despite its importance, language learners consider listening as the most difficult language skill to learn. Since the role of listening comprehension in language teaching has been repeatedly emphasized, many teachers do not pay enough attention to its importance in their classes. In this paper, the researchers review some important issues concerning listening comprehension to provide a basis for developing listening skill in English language teaching. It starts with a definition of listening and listening comprehension, a brief discussion of reasons for listening, followed by reviewing listening comprehension process, the importance of listening, teachers’ roles in listening comprehension, and discuss strategies, techniques, and goals of listening. The review of literature indicated that learners can improve their listening comprehension through the help of teachers, using suitable materials and activities, and practicing a lot.
Effects of physiotherapy associated to virtual games in pain perception and heart rate variability in cases of low back pain
Authors: Zavarize Sergio Fernando , Paschoal Mário Augusto , Wechsler Solange Muglia
Published: August 2016

Introduction: The virtual games when appropriately used can stimulate brain activity and excite the creative energy. Therefore, it is important to assess the implications of their use in pain perception in individuals with low back pain (LBP), a disease that affects about 80% of the world’s population. Objective: was to evaluate the effects of virtual games combined with a physiotherapy program on the pain perception and Heart Rate Variability (HRV) in people with LBP. Method: the participants were 21 adults with clinical diagnosis of LBP, aged 24-61 years, of both sexes, divided into two groups. Five weekly meetings were provided. Group 1 participated in a physical therapy program and group 2 participated in the same physical therapy program plus joint sessions with virtual games. The instruments used were a heart rate monitor; a tablet for games; a shortwave equipment; visual analogue scale (VAS); and McGill’s Pain Questionnaire. The measurements were performed before and after the program. Results: Reduction in pain was observed in both groups, being higher in group 2, the one that used the games. Conclusion: There was a decrease in parasympathetic activity in group 2, which indicates that the distraction factor promoted by the games influenced the pain perception.
Çürümeye Başlamış Bir Cesette Hidrojen Sülfür ile İntiharın Tespiti
Authors: Özdemirel Rifat Özgür , Kömür İlhami , Başpınar Bünyamin , Demir Muhammet , Yılmaz Süleyman
Published: August 2016

H2S poisoning is found rarely. It’s often encountered in industrial accidents and in the sewage works. Deaths due to H2S poisoning occur as a result of inhalation. When the level of the H2S in ambient air is higher than 500 ppm, death occurs within minutes.Our case was a 23-year-old man, who was found dead at home with putrefaction findings. In our case, metabolites of hemoglobin were found in the first toxicological analysis. It is thought that these metabolites may occur due to putrefaction, so a certain comment has not been made about the cause of death. Detection of sulfur in the bottles at the scene and written notes was hung outside the door of the house which includes “Attention!, H2S is very toxic, take notes, get out, close the door” suggested that death outcomes from H2S poisoning.In cases which suspected poisoning and signs of putrefaction has begun, detailed crime scene investigation often be ahead of postmortem examination and toxicological analysis while determining the cause of death.Keywords: Hydrogen sulfur, Suicide, Death, Autopsy.
Presentación
Authors: José Ignacio Claros V.
Published: August 2016

Introduction to Vol.9 No. 19 (Oct-Dic, 2011) of Sistemas y Telemática, S&T, Journal.
Dimensionamento amostral para caracterização física e química em frutos de ciriguela
Authors: Silva Wilton , Bianco Anna Caroline , Oliari Layane Segantini , Giles João Antonio Dutra , Schmildt Omar , Schmildt Edilson Romais
Published: August 2016

Embora apresente boa potencialidade econômica, no Brasil, a ciriguela é um fruto pouco explorado, necessitando, ainda, de caracterização para determinar suas possíveis utilidades. O dimensionamento amostral é uma ferramenta que propicia economia para a estimação da média de determinada variável importante quando a população não pode ser mensurada, o que conduz à otimização dos recursos humanos e financeiros. Assim, objetivou-se quantificar o tamanho mínimo de amostra necessário para estimar as características físicas e químicas do fruto in natura. Uma amostra de 170 frutos foi colhida aleatoriamente em diferentes cidades no norte do Espírito Santo em estádio de maturação cinco. As características avaliadas foram: diâmetro polar, diâmetro equatorial, massa do fruto, massa de polpa, rendimento de polpa, teor de sólidos solúveis totais (SST), acidez total titulável (ATT), massa do caroço, Ratio (Relação SST/ATT) e a relação entre o diâmetro polar e o diâmetro equatorial do fruto (DP/DE). Para cada variável mensurada, foi calculada a média, a máxima e a mínima variância, bem como o coeficiente de variação, a simetria e, também, verificou-se a normalidade. Em seguida, foi calculado o tamanho de amostra para todas as características. Conclui-se que 85 frutos são suficientes para a caracterização física e química, com 10% de estimativa de erro em torno da média. Se forem consideradas apenas características físicas, 31 frutos serão suficientes, com a mesma margem de erro.
Uncertainties of the rainfall regime in a tropical semi-arid region: the case of the State of Ceará
Authors: Andrade Eunice Maia de , Torres Sena Maria Gina , Rodrigues da Silva Antonio Givanilson , Soares Pereira Francisco Jairo , Bezerra Lopes Fernando
Published: August 2016

The rural population of a tropical semi-arid region such as the northeast of Brazil is directly dependent on rainfall for agricultural production, pasture for livestock, and the storage of drinking water for human consumption. The region is characterised by the frequent occurrence of dry years and consecutive dry days (CDD) during the rainy season, demonstrating the vulnerability of rainfed agriculture. The aim of this study therefore, was to identify homogeneous regions of the State of Ceará where there is greater or lesser uncertainty of the rainfall regime. Accordingly, the occurrence of dry and very dry years were investigated as uncertainties between years, together with the occurrence of two classes of CDD (10-20 and 21-30 days) during the rainy season. To define similar regions as to the uncertainty of the rainfall regime, the technique of Hierarchical Cluster Analysis (HCA) was used. The study considered time series of least 30 years, from 77 rain gauge stations around the state of Ceará. The use of HCA resulted in the formation of seven homogenous groups in both of the phenomena being investigated. Municipalities in the Central Backlands, the Inhamuns Backlands and the Jaguaribana Region displayed a higher frequency of both inter-annual (dry years) and intra-annual (CDD) uncertainty, demonstrating the greater vulnerability of rainfed agriculture. The occurrence of a CDD event is not dependent on the total annual rainfall, as several stations with an average rainfall higher than that of the state showed potential for the occurrence of CDD. The number of CDD events recorded in the 11-20 day class was higher than in the 21-30 day class.
O espaço dos jornalistas da economia brasileiros: gerações, origem social e dinâmica profissional
Authors: José Pedroso Neto Antonio
Published: August 2016

Este artigo apresenta uma objetivação do espaço dos jornalistas de economia brasileiros. Para isso, foi realizada uma análise de correspondências múltiplas de 69 prosopografias de jornalistas atuantes durante 2011. São apresentadas as fontes de dados, as variáveis, suas categorias e o conteúdo correspondente. A análise demonstra que esse espaço é estruturado, fundamentalmente, a partir de princípios geracionais e que, atualmente, três gerações nele convivem. Por fim, demonstra as características específicas de cada geração vis-à-vis outras.
A construção jurídica de uma política de notáveis: o jogo duplo da elite do judiciário indiano no mercado da virtude cívica
Authors: Dezalay Yves , Garth Bryant
Published: August 2016

A construção legal de uma política de notáveis. A história do Bar Indiano ilustra os fatores sociais que determinam o entrelaçamento entre direito e política – assim como seus altos e baixos. Assim, a mobilização do Bar contra o estado de emergência imposto por Indira Gandhi não foi suficiente para restaurar seu crédito político, obtido durante as lutas pela independência e perdido por conta da sua oposição às reformas agrárias. Por outro lado, ao tornarse a heroína dos desprivilegiados, a Suprema Corte emergiu como o árbitro de querelas políticas. Isto pode ser visto como uma divisão simbólica do trabalho no campo do poder.
A produção de Os Herdeiros
Authors: Masson Philippe
Published: August 2016

Os Herdeiros de Pierre Bourdieu e Jean-Claude Passeron se tornou um “clássico”da sociologia francesa da educação. Este artigo examina os principais elementos pertinentes, hoje esquecidos, do contexto intelectual, social e institucional no qual a obra foi elaborada. Ele apresenta o lugar da obra na sociologia da educação nascente, no início dos anos 1960, quando grande parte dos trabalhos era consagrada à democratização do ensino. A obra se distingue em vários pontos dos estudos anteriores sobre a escolarização, em particular, os de Alain Girard. Enfim, o artigo analisa os modos de coleta e de tratamento de dados adotados pelos autores de Os Herdeiros. Se o modo de coleta de dados parece muito “artesanal”, o modo de tratamento analítico parece introduzir certa inovação em relação às pesquisas anteriores. O exame crítico desse caso particular revela alguns traços característicos da história da sociologia francesa nos anos 1970.
Políticos paranaenses no período provincial (1853-1889): a análise genealógica e prosopográfica
Authors: Alves Alessandro Cavassin
Published: August 2016

O objetivo deste trabalho é verificar quem foram os políticos paranaenses no período provincial, entre 1853, momento da emancipação política do Paraná, até a proclamação da República, em 1889 ‒ senadores, deputados gerais e deputados provinciais, num universo de 188 indivíduos, utilizando da metodologia proposta pela genealogia e prosopografia. Por meio das características comuns desses políticos, busca-se verificar um fenômeno descrito por Oliveira Viana (1949), existente no Brasil: a presença de “clãs parentais” que, por atuarem na política, formavam também os chamados “clãs eleitorais”. E, a partir dessa província específica, conclui-se que política era interesse de família no Brasil Império.
Barragi sta finkadu ma nós nu fika disariadu: espaços de afrontamento entre as dúvidas do presente e as incert ezas do futuro na comunidade de Boaventura, Figueira Gorda, Ilha de Santiago, Cabo Verde
Authors: Silves Ferreira Vladmir Antero Delgado
Published: August 2016

Entre os impasses do presente e as incertezas do futuro se desponta timidamente ações de autodefesa dos atingidos pela construção da Barragem de Figueira Gorda, Ilha de Santiago, Cabo Verde. Os Boaventurenses se mobilizam e definem formas de resposta a processos externos de apropriação dos seus territórios e que provocará alterações radicais no espaço e na vida da comunidade. Num recorte temporal, que vai do lançamento oficial da construção da Barragem, em fevereiro de 2012, até à inauguração da infraestrutura, em novembro de 2014, este artigo examina os momentos de diálogo, de disputa e reposicionamento dos vários agentes envolvidos neste processo de deslocalização de grupos desprotegidos e muitas vezes impossibilitados de contrariar um processo de implementação de grandes projetos desenvolvimentistas.
Cajueiro revisitado: ou dez anos de relato crítico em construção
Authors: Mendonça Bartolomeu Rodrigues , Marinho Samarone Carvalho
Published: August 2016

Este artigo apresenta os processos de luta vividos nos últimos dez anos (2005-2015) pela comunidade Cajueiro, situada no município de São Luís - MA, e suas coirmãs. Relatam-se os processos de desarticulação que, combinando ação estatal e empresarial, colocam em risco a sociabilidade, os meios e os modos de vida de comunidades como Cajueiro. Por fim, pontuam-se os relatos de resistência face à lógica de desenvolvimento hegemônico e suas consequências para toda a Ilha do Maranhão.
EMDR Therapy and Psycho-Oncology
Authors: Maxfield Louise
Published: August 2016

Cancer is not only a debilitating disease; it can also have devastating effects on a patient’s mental health and quality of life. Although the literature shows that mortality rates may be improved with the provision of effective treatment, most psychotherapy provided to patients with cancer tends to be quite generic and not always effective. Very few research studies have investigated the provision of trauma-focused therapies to this underserved population. Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) therapy has well-established efficacy in the treatment of traumatic stress and preliminary evidence in the treatment of depression and anxiety. It is a very effective and accessible treatment for patients with cancer. Because it does not require homework, it is less demanding than many other forms of treatment. It can be provided on an intensive (twice) daily basis, making it available to patients traveling from out of town for their cancer treatment. For those patients unable to manage trauma-focused treatment during a difficult time, it can be used to enhance personal resources. EMDR therapy can be administered in individual, group, and couple formats and is suitable for children as well as adults. New research provides promising results for the application of EMDR for patients with cancer.
Couple Therapy When One Spouse Has Cancer: Integration of EMDR and Relationship Enhancement Therapies
Authors: Moore Margaret V.
Published: August 2016

A diagnosis of cancer can be a major challenge for a couple. Some will navigate without major upheaval, but others will face difficulties that shake the foundations of the relationship. Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) therapy can be beneficial to both individuals in helping them resolve the present issues as well as past traumas that are hindering their ability to cope with the illness in the most effective way. This article describes how a couple therapy treatment developed by Johnson and Moore (2012, 2014) can be used for couples facing medical challenges. The treatment integrates individual EMDR therapy for each partner with conjoint couple therapy using Nonviolent Communication (Rosenberg, 2003) and Relationship Enhancement therapy (Guerney, 1987). The goals are to create a calming atmosphere between the couple, resolve the presenting problems, improve communication between the partners, and deepen the relationship. A descriptive case example describes the application of this treatment model to a couple who were struggling with the impact of the husband’s serious medical problems on the marriage. The article also provides direction for addressing various challenges in couple work.
García Jurado, Francisco, Teoría de la tradición clásica. Concepto, historia y métodos, México, Instituto de Investigaciones Filológicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 2016, 272 págs.
Authors: Espino Martín Javier
Published: August 2016

La Teoría de la tradición clásica representa no sólo una visión históricoanalíticade la obra de Highet, sino que, por sus páginas, desfilan toda una serie de teorías que enriquecen las perspectivas de la tradición clásica y le dan sentido y sustancia como materia científica y disciplina universitaria. En el libro se van sucediendo las tesis de Genette, la de los polisistemas de Even Zohar, la teoría de las metáforas cotidianas de Lakoff, o la teoría que desarrolla el propio García Jurado sobre “encuentros complejos”, en la que podemos destacar el interesante modelo “a en b” que plantea la tradición clásica, frente al “a y b” que propone la recepción.
XIV Congreso Internacional de la FIEC (Burdeos, 25 a 30 de agosto de 2014)
Authors: Irigoyen Troconis Martha Patricia
Published: August 2016

En la ciudad de Burdeos, Francia, del 25 al 30 de agosto de 2014, se llevó a cabo el XIV Congreso de la Fédération Internationale des Associations d’Études Classiques (FIEC), cuya organización comenzó a planearse con cinco años de antelación, prácticamente de manera inmediata al congreso anterior, celebrado exitosamente en Berlín en 2009.
DOMESTIFIKASI IKAN BETOK Anabas testudineus MELALUI PEMIJAHAN DI WADAH BUDIDAYA (CLIMBING PERCH, Anabas testudineus DOMESTICATION THROUGH SPAWNING)
Authors: Bijaksana Untung , R Balantek Septiodrian
Published: August 2016

Penelitian ini dimaksudkan sebagai upaya domestikasi Ikan Betok melalui pemijahan dalam wadah budidaya. Penelitian ini dilakukan di Laboratorium Basah Program Studi Budidaya Perairan Universitas Lambung Mangkurat . Tiga poin utama dalam mendukung keberhasilan pemijahan ikan, yaitu : perkembangan gonad , ovulasi dan pemijahan . Tentu perkembangan panjat bertengger gonad ikan terjadi pada awal musim kemarau puncak musim dan di awal musim hujan atau saat musim hujan , pemijahan terjadi . Keadaan alami ini mencoba untuk diadopsi dalam budidaya kontainer , dengan fashting selama 1 , 2 dan 3 hari dengan tingkat air , 10 , 15 dan 20 cm . Hasilnya adalah waktu yang laten dari 11,7 jam sampai 39 jam , fekunditas antara 5310-7376 butir , diameter telur 0,5 hingga 0,8 mm , tingkat fertilisasi antara 88,2-93,2 persen dan tingkat menetas antara 87 , 0-91,6 persen.

The study is intended as an attempt domestication through climbing perch spawning in the container cultivation. The research was conducted at the Laboratory of Wetlands Program University Faculty of Fisheries Aquaculture Lambung Mangkurat. Three main points in support of the spawning success of fish, namely: gonadal development, ovulation and spawning. Naturally development climbing perch fish gonads occurred in the early dry season to peak season and at the beginning of the rainy season or during the rainy season, spawning occurred. This natural state is trying to be adopted in the cultivation of container, with fashting for 1, 2 and 3 days with water levels, 10, 15 and 20 cm. The result is a latent time of 11.7 hours to 39 hours, fecundity between 5310 to 7376 grains, egg diameter 0.5 to 0.8 mm, the degree of fertilization between 88.2 to 93.2 percent and the degree of hatching between 87, 0 to 91.6 percent.
PENGARUH PERBEDAAN TINGKAT PROTEIN DAN RASIO PROTEIN PAKAN TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN IKAN SEPAT (Trichogaster pectoralis)
Authors: Fran Syachradjad , Akbar Junius
Published: August 2016

Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui tingkat protein dan energi pakan terbaik pada ikan sepat. Manfaat penelitian ini untuk dapat dijadikan informasi dasar mengenai tingkat protein dan energi yang sesuai bagi kebutuhan konsumsi pakan dan pertumbuhan benih ikan sepat. Ikan uji yang digunakan ikan sepat (Trichogaster pectoralis) dengan bobot individu berkisar antara 5±2 gram dan panjang baku berkisar 5±3 cm. Penelitian dilakukan secara eksperimen, menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) dengan 6 macam perlakuan dan masing-masing diulang sebanyak 3 kali. Perlakuan yang diberikan terdiri atas tingkat  energi protein yang berbeda, yaitu perlakuan A (2800 kkal/35%), perlakuan B (3150 kkal/35%), perlakuan C (3150 kkal/40%), perlakuan D (3600 kkal/ 40%), perlakuan E (3600 kkal/45%), dan perlakuan F (4050 kkal/45%). Parameter yang diamati meliputi pertumbuhan mutlak, laju pertumbuhan relatif, konversi pakan, efisiensi pakan, kelangsungan hidup, dan kualitas air. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pakan dengan tingkat protein 40% dan energi 3150 kkal/kg menghasilkan pertumbuhan mutlak, laju pertumbuhan relatif, konversi pakan, dan efisiensi pemberian pakan yang terbaik dibandingkan dengan perlakuan lainnya. Kelangsungan hidup ikan sepat berkisar antar 96,67-100%. Kualitas air (suhu, pH, DO, NH3, dan CO2) pada tiap perlakuan masih memenuhi standar untuk  kehidupan ikan sepat.
PENGARUH WAKTU PERPINDAHAN PAKAN ALAMI KE PAKAN BUATAN BERENZIM TERHADAP SINTASAN, PERTUMBUHAN PADA PEMELIHARAAN LARVA IKAN BAUNG (Mystus nemurus cv)
Authors: Aysah Siti
Published: August 2016

This study aimed to determine the switching time from natural food to artificial food with the addition of mix enzyme in baung larval rearing. The results showed that the survival rate of baung larvae had the highest  score in treatment E (natural feed Artemia salina aged 3 days to 7 days followed by artificial feed in the form of pasta until age 30 days), did not differ with treatment A. Treatment A (Natural Food Artemia salina was given at the age of 3 days to 8 days and then followed by artificial food (shrimp flour + mix enzyme) from the age of 9 days to 15 days  artificial feeding was continued until the age of 30 days) showed the highest absolute growth was 0.62 grams and the value of relative growth rate of 14.25 grams did not differ  with B, C and E treatments. The highest Individual weight, protein content and  mix enzyme activity on all measurement  of baung larvae found in treatment A.  Water quality of maintenance media of eel was the temperature 27,33oC, pH 7,86, dissolve oxygen  4,76 mg/l and ammonia 0,93 mg/l.
The Establishment and Application of an Evaluation Model for Land-Use Change and Eco-Security
Authors: Chen Han-Shen
Published: August 2016

Land use and cover change (LUCC) is an important method to investigate the causes of global environment change. We utilized the emergy ecological footprint (EEF) model to construct a land-use change model to be used as a systematic measuring tool for monitoring sustainable development trends. In particular, we estimated the eco-security of the Cing-jing region as a case study so that responsible agencies can use it to maintain a balance between ecological preservation and tourism development. The results indicated the following: First, the ecological environment of the Cing-jing region satisfied the safety standard in 2008–2014; however, the related indices increased considerably. Second, the grey model predicted a decrease in 2015–2024 ecological carrying capacities of Cing-jing and a large increase in capita EFs, resulting in a larger ecological deficit and higher EFI. The eco-security from 2015–2024 was higher compared to 7 years ago and is predicted to reach the Grade 2 intermediate level in 2022; thus the Cing-jing region is gradually becoming ecologically unsustainable. Strengths of our study included the use of EEF theory in a quantitative analysis of slope lands for the effective evaluation of ecological security. Finally, we expanded our research to include ecological security issues.
A Local Mechanism by which Alcohol Consumption Causes Cancer
Authors: López-Lázaro Miguel
Published: August 2016

Epidemiological data indicate that 5.8% of cancer deaths world-wide are attributable to alcohol consumption. The risk of cancer is higher in tissues in closest contact on ingestion of alcohol, such as the oral cavity, pharynx and esophagus. The risk of these cancers is increased even in people who have only one alcoholic drink per day. However, since ethanol is not mutagenic and the carcinogenic metabolite of ethanol (acetaldehyde) is mostly produced in the liver, it is not clear why alcohol use preferentially exerts a local carcinogenic effect. It is well known that ethanol causes cell death at the concentrations present in alcoholic beverages; however, this effect has been overlooked probably because dead cells cannot give rise to cancer. Here I discuss that the cytotoxic effect of ethanol on the cells lining the oral cavity, pharynx and esophagus activates the division of the stem cells located in deeper layers of the mucosa to replace the dead cells. Every time stem cells divide, they become exposed to unavoidable errors associated with cell division (e.g., mutations arising during DNA replication and chromosomal alterations occurring during mitosis) and also become highly vulnerable to the genotoxic activity of endogenous and exogenous DNA-damaging agents (e.g., reactive oxygen species, acetaldehyde and tobacco carcinogens). Alcohol consumption probably increases the risk of developing cancer of the oral cavity, pharynx and esophagus by promoting the accumulation of cell divisions in the stem cells that maintain these tissues in homeostasis. Because the cytotoxic activity of ethanol is concentration-dependent, the risk of these cancers will not only increase with increasing amounts of ethanol, but also with increasing concentrations; an ounce of whisky is probably more carcinogenic when taken undiluted than when taken mixed with non-alcoholic beverages. The local cytotoxic effect of ethanol can also explain the known synergistic effect of alcohol and tobacco use on the risk of these cancers. Understanding the mechanisms of carcinogenicity of alcohol is important to reinforce the epidemiological evidence and to raise public awareness of the strong link between alcohol consumption and cancer.
Development of Autonomous Mobile Robot “MML-05” Based on i-Cart Mini for Tsukuba Challenge 2015
Authors: Eda Tomoyoshi ,   Shibaura Institute of Technology, Hasegawa Tadahiro , Nakamura Shingo , Yuta Shin’ichi
Published: August 2016

[abstFig src='/00280004/04.jpg' width='300' text='Autonomous mobile robots entered in the Tsukuba Challenge 2015' ] This paper describes a self-localization method for autonomous mobile robots entered in the Tsukuba Challenge 2015. One of the important issues in autonomous mobile robots is accurately estimating self-localization. An occupancy grid map, created manually before self-localization has typically been utilized to estimate the self-localization of autonomous mobile robots. However, it is difficult to create an accurate map of complex courses. We created an occupancy grid map combining local grid maps built using a leaser range finder (LRF) and wheel odometry. In addition, the self-localization of a mobile robot was calculated by integrating self-localization estimated by a map and matching it to wheel odometry information. The experimental results in the final run of the Tsukuba Challenge 2015 showed that the mobile robot traveled autonomously until the 600 m point of the course, where the occupancy grid map ended.
Bipedal Locomotion Control Based on Simultaneous Trajectory and Foot Step Planning
Authors: Goto Kouta ,   Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Tazaki Yuichi , Suzuki Tatsuya
Published: August 2016

[abstFig src='/00280004/11.jpg' width='300' text='Snapshots of a bipedal robot walking forward (upper figure) and walking sideways (lower figure)' ] This paper proposes a trajectory planner for bipedal locomotion that determines a center-of-mass (CoM) trajectory, footsteps, and step durations simultaneously. Trajectory planning based on a linear inverted pendulum model is formulated as a nonlinear constraint satisfaction problem. The proposed iterative constraint solving algorithm is able to solve this problem in a short amount of time so that trajectory replanning at every walking step is possible. Unlike existing planning methods that determine footsteps and a CoM trajectory sequentially under fixed walking period, the proposed planner can produce complex walking patterns that fully utilize the interdependency of these physical quantities. The proposed trajectory planner and a trajectory tracking controller is implemented on a real robot and their performance is evaluated.
Visual Servoing for Underwater Vehicle Using Dual-Eyes Evolutionary Real-Time Pose Tracking
Authors: Myint Myo ,   Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, Yonemori Kenta , Yanou Akira , Lwin Khin Nwe , Minami Mamoru , Ishiyama Shintaro
Published: August 2016

[abstFig src='/00280004/12.jpg' width='300' text='ROV with dual-eyes cameras and 3D marker' ] Recently, a number of researches related to underwater vehicle has been conducted worldwide with the huge demand in different applications. In this paper, we propose visual servoing for underwater vehicle using dual-eyes cameras. A new method of pose estimation scheme that is based on 3D model-based recognition is proposed for real-time pose tracking to be applied in Autonomous Underwater Vehicle (AUV). In this method, we use 3D marker as a passive target that is simple but enough rich of information. 1-step Genetic Algorithm (GA) is utilized in searching process of pose in term of optimization, because of its effectiveness, simplicity and promising performance of recursive evaluation, for real-time pose tracking performance. The proposed system is implemented as software implementation and Remotely Operated Vehicle (ROV) is used as a test-bed. In simulated experiment, the ROV recognizes the target, estimates the relative pose of vehicle with respect to the target and controls the vehicle to be regulated in desired pose. PID control concept is adapted for proper regulation function. Finally, the robustness of the proposed system is verified in the case when there is physical disturbance and in the case when the target object is partially occluded. Experiments are conducted in indoor pool. Experimental results show recognition accuracy and regulating performance with errors kept in centimeter level.
ELAIDIC ACID AND VACCENIC ACID IN THE PLASMA OF PREGNANT WOMEN AND UMBILICAL BLOOD PLASMA
Authors: Jamioł-Milc Dominika , Stachowska Ewa , Janus Tomasz , Barcz Anna , Chlubek Dariusz
Published: August 2016

Wstęp: W wielu badaniach wykazano, że nienasycone kwasy tłuszczowe typu trans są najbardziej szkodliwym rodzajem kwasów tłuszczowych, a ich spożywanie może prowadzić do nasilenia stresu oksydacyjnego, niekorzystnych zmian stężenia frakcji cholesterolu LDL oraz zaburzać metabolizm kwasów tłuszczowych z rodziny omega-6 i omega-3. Celem pracy było określenie tego, jak kształtują się stężenia kwasu elaidynowego i wakcenowego w osoczu krwi kobiet w okresie okołoporodowym, osoczu krwi pobranej z żyły pępowinowej oraz ustalenie, czy istnieją zależności pomiędzy stężeniami nienasyconych kwasów tłuszczowych typu trans we krwi matek i ich dzieci, co mogłoby wskazywać na istnienie przezłożyskowego transportu tych kwasów. Określono także korelacje pomiędzy stężeniami nienasyconych kwasów tłuszczowych typu trans we krwi matek i krwi żyły pępowinowej a masą i długością ciała noworodków.Materiał i metody: Badaniami objęto 53 kobiety w wieku 18–39 lat, pacjentki bloku operacyjno-porodowego Kliniki Położnictwa i Perinatologii Pomorskiego Uniwersytetu Medycznego w Szczecinie oraz ich noworodki. W osoczu krwi ciężarnych i krwi pępowinowej oznaczono zawartość kwasu elaidynowego i wakcenowego. Estry metylowe kwasów tłuszczowych nastrzykiwano na kolumnę kapilarną chromatografu gazowego 6890M Agilent wyposażonego w autosampler. Izomery geometryczne i pozycyjne kwasów tłuszczowych były identyfikowane na podstawie porównania czasów retencji z wzorcami kwasów tłuszczowych firmy Sigma-Aldrich. Zawartość poszczególnych kwasów tłuszczowych odczytywano na podstawie krzywych wzorcowych i wyrażono w mg/mL.Wyniki: Najniższe stężenie obydwu kwasów tłuszczowych zaobserwowano w osoczu krwi pępowinowej. Stężenie kwasu elaidynowego kształtowało się na poziomie 0,0019 mg/mL±0,0013 mg/mL, natomiast kwasu wakcenowego: 0,0007 mg/mL±0,0011 mg/mL. Zaobserwowano istotną statystycznie ujemną korelacje pomiędzy stężeniem kwasu wakcenowego w osoczu matki i osoczu krwi pępowinowej. Wnioski: Obecność kwasu wakcenowego i kwasu elaidynowego w osoczu krwi z żyły pępowinowej jest dowodem na istnienie ich transportu przezłożyskowego. Istotnie większe stężenie kwasu elaidynowego w osoczu krwi pępowinowej w porównaniu ze stężeniem kwasu wakcenowego może świadczyć o większym natężeniu metabolizmu kwasu wakcenowego w łożysku. Stężenia nienasyconych kwasów tłuszczowych typu trans nie miały wpływu na masę urodzeniową i długość ciała noworodków.
INTERDISCIPLINARY INDEX OF PROSTHODONTIC/SUBSTITUTION ORTHODONTIC TREATMENT NEED FOR PATIENTS WITH MISSING TEETH
Authors: Janiszewska-Olszowska Joanna , Grocholewicz Katarzyna , Czerniawska-Kliman Luiza
Published: August 2016

W przypadku braku zębów potrzeba leczenia dyktowana jest zarówno względami estetycznymi, jak i funkcjonalnymi. Brak pojedynczego zęba nie musi wymagać uzupełnienia protetycznego, gdyż w wybranych przypadkach leczenie można zastąpić autotransplantacją zębów lub zastępczym leczeniem ortodontycznym. Autorzy starali się opisać wskaźnik opierający się nie na braku konkretnych zębów, ale obecności przestrzeni wymagających uzupełnienia. Podjęto próbę sklasyfikowania potrzeb leczenia odtwórczego. Rozważano leczenie ortodontyczne, gdy można było całkowicie wyeliminować potrzebę leczenia protetycznego. Proponowana klasyfikacja może być wykorzystywana do podjęcia decyzji o refundacji publicznej lub zastępczego leczenia ortodontycznego, a także motywować pacjentów do uzupełnienia braków zębowych. Powinien być indywidualnie rozważony plan leczenia i podjęta decyzja, które postępowanie – ortodontyczne przesuwanie zębów czy uzupełnienie protetyczne – jest dla pacjenta bardziej opłacalne.
PORÓWNANIE SKUTECZNOŚCI DEZYNFEKCJI SYSTEMU KANAŁOWEGO WYKONYWANEJ Z ZASTOSOWANIEM ORAZ BEZ STOSOWANIA KOFERDAMU
Authors: Bieżanek Tomasz , Bachanek Teresa
Published: August 2016

Wstęp: Leczenie endodontyczne polega na usunięciu martwej lub zapalnie zmienionej miazgi, odpowiednim poszerzeniu i opracowaniu kanałów korzeniowych oraz ich szczelnym wypełnieniu biokompatybilnym materiałem. Skuteczność leczenia zależy od dokładnego oczyszczenia systemu kanałowego z obecnych w nim drobnoustrojów. Współczesna endodoncja zaleca stosowanie koferdamu, nie tylko w celu zabezpieczenia pacjenta przed aspiracją narzędzi endodontycznych, ale także w celu ochrony systemu kanałowego leczonego zęba przed zakażeniem bakteriami znajdującymi się w ślinie. Celem pracy było porównanie skuteczności dezynfekcji kanałów korzeniowych u pacjentów leczonych w osłonie z koferdamu oraz u pacjentów leczonych bez stosowania koferdamu.Materiał i metody: Przeprowadzono leczenie endodontyczne u 36 pacjentów zgłaszających się do Zakładu Stomatologii Zachowawczej z Endodoncją Uniwersytetu Medycznego w Lublinie. Do leczenia zakwalifikowano 36 zębów. W 17 przypadkach zabieg wykonano w osłonie koferdamu OptiDam firmy Kerr Hawe, w 19 pozostałych (II grupa) opracowany ząb został osłonięty jedynie wałkami z ligniny. Bezpośrednio po trepanacji komory oraz po chemiczno-mechanicznym opracowaniu kanałów korzeniowych pobierano materiał do badań mikrobiologicznych. Po 24 godz. inkubacji oceniano gęstość optyczną zawiesiny bakteryjnej przy użyciu spektrofotometru BioPhotometer firmy Eppendorf AG.Wyniki: W obu grupach pacjentów uzyskano bardzo zbliżone wyniki: dużą gęstość optyczną zawiesiny bakteryjnej w próbkach pobieranych przed leczeniem oraz istotnie statystycznie niższą w próbkach pobieranych po chemiczno-mechanicznym opracowaniu kanałów.Wnioski: W przeprowadzonych badaniach zastosowanie koferdamu bądź jego brak nie wpłynęło na skuteczność dezynfekcji kanałów korzeniowych.
SPEKTROFOTOMETRYCZNE OZNACZANIE ZAWARTOŚCI BIAŁKA W MONOCYTACH/MAKROFAGACH THP-1 – OPIS METODY
Authors: Wolska Jolanta , Janda Katarzyna , Gutowska Izabela
Published: August 2016

Białka są podstawowym elementem budowy tkanek, wchodzą w skład enzymów i hormonów, regulując wiele ważnych procesów życiowych. Zmiany ich stężenia kontrolują procesy metaboliczne komórki. Ilościowe oznaczanie zawartości białek podzielono na metody pośrednie (np. Kjeldahla) i bezpośrednie (biuretowa, Lowry’ego, immunoenzymatyczna, formolowa, metody oparte na wbudowaniu barwników, spektrofotometrii w zakresie nadfioletu oraz oparte na zjawisku selektywnego pochłaniania promieniowania w zakresie podczerwieni). Jednym ze sposobów oznaczania zawartości białek jest metoda spektrofotometryczna opisana przez Bradford. Procedura oznaczenia stężenia protein wykorzystuje zjawisko tworzenia się kompleksu barwnik (Coomassie Brillant Blue G-250)–białko, a natężenie barwy jest proporcjonalne do zawartości białka w roztworze. Celem pracy było sprawdzenie przydatności tej metody do oznaczania zawartości białka w komórkach THP-1 hodowanych z dodatkiem ekstraktów z owocostanów pokrzywy zwyczajnej (Urtica dioica L.). W badaniach wykorzystano wodne i alkoholowe ekstrakty w dwóch stężeniach. Wykazano, że spektrofotometryczne oznaczanie zawartości białka metodą Bradford jest skuteczną i dokładną metodą określenia stężenia protein w makrofagach THP-1. Otrzymane wyniki wskazują, że metodę tę można polecić do oznaczania zawartości białka w innych hodowlach komórkowych.
THE ROLE OF NECK WRINKLES FOR COSMETIC EFFECT DURING CAROTID ARTERY ENDARTERECTOMY
Authors: Kazimierczak Arkadiusz , Rybicka Anita , Szumiłowicz Paweł , Gutowski Piotr , Kupicz Halina , Samad Rabih , Zakrzewski Tomasz , Śledź Marcin
Published: August 2016

Wstęp: Metody małoinwazyjne w operacyjnym udrożnieniu tętnic szyjnych są aktualnie preferowane. Postulowane jest mniejsze cięcie zarówno podłużne, jak i poprzeczne oraz mapowanie położenia rozwidlenia tętnicy przy użyciu USG. Nie ma doniesień oceniających końcowy efekt kosmetyczny i preferencje samych pacjentów. Celem pracy była ocena przydatności naturalnych bruzd na skórze jako potencjalnych markerów anatomicznych rozwidlenia tętnicy szyjnej oraz kamuflażu blizny po operacji.Materiał i metoda: Grupa 50 chorych leczonych operacyjnie z powodu zwężenia tętnicy szyjnej w latach 2013–2014 w Klinice Chirurgii Naczyniowej Pomorskiego Uniwersytetu Medycznego w Szczecinie. Oceniana była anatomiczna przydatność położenia zmarszczek w stosunku do rozwidlenia tętnicy szyjnej, preferencje pacjentów w stosunku do skutku kosmetycznego proponowanego dostępu operacyjnego i przydatność USG do mapowania rozwidlenia tętnicy szyjnej.Wyniki: Tylko 50% chorych deklaruje, że zależy im na efekcie kosmetycznym, mimo to wszyscy wybierają dostęp w linii zmarszczek. Po operacji nie było widać w ogóle blizny u 76% chorych po cięciu w bruździe skórnej. Bruzdy skórne umiejscowione nad rozwidleniem tętnicy szyjnej w 80% znajdują się 4–5 cm od kąta żuchwy. Z cięcia w najczęstszych lokalizacjach bruzd skórnych na poziomach 3, 4, 5, 6 i 7 cm od kąta żuchwy można łatwo technicznie wykonać odpowiednio 55%, 77%, 79%, 45% i 21% zabiegów. Użycie USG przed zabiegiem umożliwia ustalenie optymalnego dostępu w 98% przypadków.Wnioski: Wybór cięcia poprzecznego przebiegającego w bruzdach na szyi daje dobry efekt kosmetyczny i umożliwia wykonanie udrożnienia tętnicy szyjnej w każdym przypadku, jeśli przed zabiegiem potwierdzi się korzystne położenia jej rozwidlenia.
ZAKRZEPOWA PLAMICA MAŁOPŁYTKOWA U CHOREJ NA TOCZEŃ RUMIENIOWATY UKŁADOWY – POWIKŁANIE UKŁADOWEJ CHOROBY TKANKI ŁĄCZNEJ CZY ZESPÓŁ NAKŁADANIA?
Authors: Grzegowska Dominika , Masiak Anna , Czuszyńska Zenobia , Ziętkiewicz Marcin , Homenda Wojciech , Pejska Michalina , Zdrojewski Zbigniew
Published: August 2016

Zakrzepowa plamica małopłytkowa (TTP) i toczeń rumieniowaty układowy (SLE) to dwie odrębne jednostki chorobowe, których objawy kliniczne mogą być podobne. Współistnienie tych chorób jest bardzo rzadkie. Przedstawiono przypadek 29-letniej chorej, u której jednocześnie rozpoznano TTP i SLE. Celem pracy było zwrócenie uwagi na trudności diagnostyczne, jakie może sprawić współwystępowanie obu schorzeń.