bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Strengthening Romani Voices in Colombia: Reflections on a Participatory Approach
Authors: Marsh Hazel , Cabanzo Esteban Acuña
Published: August 2024

Latin America’s diverse Romani populations are seldom represented in policy debates, and frequently misrepresented in popular culture and the mainstream media. In Colombia, the Proceso Organizativo del Pueblo Rrom de Colombia (Organizational Process of the Roma People of Colombia, Prorrom), among other organisations, was established to promote Romani inclusion in the country’s multicultural policies. But despite legal recognition of Romani populations in Colombia, their identity continues to be framed officially in aesthetic terms that reinforce prevailing stereotypes. This article reflects on our collaboration with Prorrom in the design and delivery of two workshops in Bogotá, where 32 appointed Romani cultural mediators are hired by the District Secretaries and other official institutions to provide input around census-taking and policy actions. Although government agencies rely on Romani mediators for decision-making, the mediators receive little if any training for their role, and often find it difficult to overcome stereotypes that stigmatise or exoticise. Our collaborative workshops addressed this problem, creating spaces for the co-creation of tools and resources to better engage with government bodies, strengthening Romani capacity to better advocate for inclusion and anti-racism. The article offers a brief history of Romani presence in Colombia, and an outline of the specific issues Romani populations face in the country. We then examine the problems identified by Romani mediators, which our collaborative workshops addressed. Finally, we explore how Romani participants viewed the collaborative process and its outcome, in their own words, and reflect on our own learning.
‘ORIGEM’: Queering Indigeneity through Participatory (Audio)visual Methods in Northeastern Brazil
Authors: Machada Laryssa , Pankararu Antônio Vital Neto , Pankararu Bia , Pankararu Fykyá , Pepe Paulo , Pitman Thea
Published: August 2024

‘ORIGEM’ (2020) was a queer kind of research project from its inception. Its original funding was for research impact, yet no formal research project came before it. Instead, academics based at the University of Leeds (Paulo Pepe and Thea Pitman) used a modest pot of impact funding to support the work of two emerging artists (Laryssa Machada and Antônio Vital Neto Pankararu) with personal contacts in Queer Indigenous circles in Northeastern Brazil who set out to creatively honour and reflect on their relationships within those communities through digital photographic portraits and short video interviews. The UK-based researchers remained in the UK throughout the process, leaving the artists free to travel between the communities involved (the Pankararu community at Brejo dos Padres in southern Pernambuco, and the Tupinambá community at Olivença de Ilhéus in Southern Bahia) and explore the topic as they saw fit. Since then, during the Covid-19 pandemic, the results were circulated online via a website and promoted on social media, and, with the post-pandemic return to offline encounters, they were also exhibited at the Bolivia International Digital Art Fair in Cochabamba in September 2022. The present article seeks to showcase the project and the work that came out of it, interpreting it as a form of decolonial research using participatory, creative methodologies (arts-based Participatory Action Research), and to explore the perspectives of a cross-section of those involved in the project – the artists, their friends and relatives who agreed to be interviewed and photographed (including most notably Fykyá and Bia Pankararu) and the academics too – as they engaged in the original project and its subsequent exhibitions. In so doing, it seeks to reveal the deep learning to be derived from the project without shying away from any tensions that this form of working can engender.
Preventing Inadvertent Parathyroidectomy during Thyroid Surgery - A Literature Narrative
Authors: Zaman Balakh Sher , Ali Muhammad Mohsin , Gulzar Raza , Afzal Ameer
Published: August 2024

Background: Accidental parathyroidectomy during thyroid surgery can lead to temporary or permanent hypocalcemia and serious morbidity. Proper identification of parathyroid glands during surgery can be an effective way to prevent this complication.
Methods: The keywords “parathyroid gland,” “preserve,” “protect,” “inadvertent or accidental parathyroidectomy,” “surgery,” and “dissection” were used to search Medline and Embase databases. A total of 133 articles were selected after preliminary review, of which 80 indexed papers were reviewed for subject relevance.
Results: Imaging techniques, such as the use of carbon nanoparticles or indocyanine green angiography, and operative techniques, such as meticulous capsular dissection of the thyroid gland, were associated with significantly improved rates of avoidance of inadvertent parathyroidectomy.
Conclusion: During thyroid surgery, the use of imaging and careful operative techniques can prevent parathyroid injury. This, in turn, can prevent complications resulting from hypoparathyroidism such as tetany, ECG changes, and neurological sequelae.
Case Report on Stab Injury to the Heart by Knife
Authors: Shirazi Zara , Kumari Usha , Abbas Fakhar , Manjunath Keerthana , Bangash Sohail
Published: August 2024

We present a rare case of a child with penetrating cardiac injury (PCI) with a knife and its successful repair. A 10-year-old boy was brought to the emergency department with penetrating injury under the nipple on the left side of the chest, with entrance sized 1x0.5 cm, in a hemodynamically unstable condition. Physical examination showed findings suggestive of cardiac tamponade and shock. Focused Assessment with Sonography in Trauma (FAST) and echocardiography visualized pericardial effusion, and chest X-ray showed left pleural effusion.  Needle thoracentesis was performed, followed by urgent sternotomy. Right ventricular tear of size 1x1cm visualized and repaired. The left pleura was drained blood up to 800 milliliters.  The pericardium was closed with sutures. We then placed retrosternal and pericardial drains and sealed the chest with wire sutures at the sternum. During the induction of anesthesia, the patient underwent cardiac arrest, immediate cardiopulmonary resuscitation revived the patient and surgery was performed. Here, expertise lies in performing the procedure on a pumping heart without cardiac bypass. In addition, the most common cause of PCI is an intentional gunshot injury in adults. In contrast, our case presents the accidental nature of injury in children by knife, which makes this interesting. Therefore, we documented our experience of this rare finding. In addition, we present a literature review about penetrating injury to the heart, focused on the pediatric population and survival, morbidity, and mortality of the condition with and without access to the hospital.
Obstetric Outcomes of Severe COVID-19 Pneumonia in Pregnant Lady After Caesarean Delivery: A Case report
Authors: Kumari Usha , Manjunath Keerthana , Hassan Zair , Abbas Fakhar
Published: August 2024

Since the outbreak of coronavirus (COVID-19) in December 2019, understanding regarding coronavirus symptoms has been evolving. Medical issues in pregnancy usually resolve after delivery. Similarly, pregnant ladies with COVID-19 pneumonia had improvement in their condition after giving birth. However, in this case, the patient tested positive for "SARS-Cov-19 antigen PCR" and intended for vaginal birth, which was unsuccessful and resulted in a caesarean surgery. After the healthy baby was delivered, she experienced a life-threatening cytokine storm that necessitated elective intubation and mechanical breathing, as well as anti-viral medication. She was extubated after two weeks and then discharged on recovery. Previously, the Middle Eastern Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-SARS) and the Influenza virus (H1N1) were the most well-known viruses for generating potentially fatal results in pregnancy. This is first reported instance in Pakistan of a pregnant lady developing severe COVID-19 pneumonia. This research fills a vacuum in the medical literature and alerts obstetricians and clinicians to the likelihood of life-threatening postpartum, COVID-19 pneumonia complications.
Race to Digitalization – Sustainability Challenges for Developing Countries
Authors: Akhtar Muhammad Shoaib , Maab Iffat
Published: August 2024

By the beginning of the twenty-first century, the trend of digitalization has been widely appreciated. At first, digitalization became famous for social networks (e.g., Facebook, Twitter etc.), professional networks (e.g., LinkedIn, ResearchGate etc.), online banking, cryptocurrencies (e.g., Bitcoin etc.), education (e.g., Coursera etc.), and dating (e.g., Tinder etc.). Digitalization has been widely accepted by governments for state businesses. International chambers of commerce and multinational companies are utilizing digital means to access new markets and to operate and expand their businesses. A revolutionary shift in digitalization occurred in famous start-ups, such as Uber and Airbnb etc. The current COVID-19 pandemic has promoted digitalization on a mass scale, when social distancing has become a primary infection prevention measure (Qian and Jiang, 2020).
Europe and the United States (US) have been points of origin for digital products, later extending to China, India, and the rest of the world. Digitalization has been a good management practice for developed economies but a challenge for developing countries. Usually, developing countries develop digitalization from foreign aid because of a lack of local funding and economic instability. Dependence on foreign aid usually limits independent policymaking because of the funding agency’s interests. In this editorial, we present digitalization in Pakistan as an example of sustainability challenges faced by developing countries.
Evaluation of the ETV Success Score to Improve Decision Making on the Management of Hydrocephalus Secondary to Pediatric Posterior Fossa Tumors
Authors: Khan Atta ur Rehman , Rasheed Sarwat , Fahad Malik
Published: August 2024

Introduction: Children with posterior fossa tumors (PFT) often have hydrocephalus, which can be treated via endoscopic third ventriculostomy (ETV) before the tumor is removed, thereby improving surgical outcomes. Additionally, a scoring system that forecasts ETV success can help with this procedure's decision-making. The purpose of the research is to assess the effectiveness of electrotherapy (ETV) in treating PFT-related hydrocephalus and the predictive validity of the ETV effectiveness score.
Materials and Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted on patients aged < 18 years who received ETV prior to PFT resection between 2022 and 2023. For every patient, the ETV success score was acquired retroactively, and its ability to forecast success contrasted with the actual success was noted.
Results: In the first six months after ETV, a worldwide success rate of 61.7% was observed in 40 surgical patients. For patients who were reviewed a year after surgery, this percentage decreased to 52.8%. The histological level of the tumor and the age of the victim did not correlate with the recovery rate. At both time periods, the ETV effectiveness score showed adequate accuracy (AUC = 0.671 at six months, AUC = 0.649 at one year). Conclusion: In summary, ETV has been shown to be a safe treatment that may effectively cure hydrocephalus in individuals with PFT. In addition, the ETV efficacy score can be a valuable tool for predicting the likelihood of successful endoscopic surgery.
Correlation Between Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D Content and Testosterone Content in Young Healthy Males: A Single Center Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Khan Sara , Bashir Sibgha , Siddiqa Ayesha , Hafeez Rizwan , Iftikhar Anum , Ehsan Urwah
Published: August 2024

Objectives: The current study is conducted to compare serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations and total testosterone in young, physically fit adult males.
Study Design: the study was based on cross sectional design.
Study Settings: The research was conducted in Department of Pathology, Shahida Islam Medical and Dental College situated in District Lodhran between 1st July, 2023 and December, 2023.
Methods:  This cross-sectional research, which took place at the Department of Pathology at Shahida Islam Medical and Dental College in Lodhran from July 1, 2023, to December 31, 2023, had 176 young male volunteers, all between the ages of 18 and 35. Each participant was given questionnaires to fill out on their prior medical history, food habits, and rigorous exercise levels. Every participant had their blood drawn following a 12-hour fast and a 24-hour period without physical exercise. Separating serum was done with a centrifuge. The blood concentration of LH, FSH, total testosterone, and 25-hydroxyvitamin D were measured by electrochemiluminescence (ECLIA).
Results: A total of 176 individuals in good health were registered, with a mean age of 26.62±5.20 years. The presence of vitamin D of less than 10 ng/ml, between 10–20 ng/ml, and greater than 20 ng/ml were reported in 70 (39.8%), 76 (43.2%), and 30 (17.0%) individuals, accordingly. The mean hormone levels (TT, FSH, and LH) in the three 25(OH)D groups did not vary statistically. Our findings showed that there existed no statistically substantial relationship in the categories under study between 25(OH)D and LH, FSH, and TT.
Conclusion: We found little variation in the condition of the 25(OH)D concentration and the average hormonal measurements (LH, FSH, and TT). Based on these data, we concluded that in young, healthy guys, there is no relationship between testosterone concentrations and deficient or inadequate 25(OH)D level.
Analysis of the Concept of al-Akhlak al-Karimah Based on the Thoughts of Sheikh Abd al-Wahhab al-Sya'rani and Sheikh Muhammad Abd al-Aziz al-Khawli
Authors: Baihaqi Moh. Hamdan , Imron Ali , Arifin Bustanul
Published: August 2024

Morals are the implementation of one's faith when meeting other people, other creatures or even meeting their Lord. So the discussion will not run out of time. Then in modern times, people begin to appear who heresy someone else just because they think that person does not practice morals in accordance with the guidance of the Prophet. The accusation is often leveled at the Sufis, especially the Sufis who often 'uzlah and do things outside the habits of other humans. Even though this is not true, the true Sufis are people who do worship both socially and individually in a way that is based on the Prophet Muhammad Saw and they will do it with sincerity. So we aim to combine the thoughts of a hadith expert with a Sufism expert to see how true the irregularities they throw at the Sufis are. This study uses a literature review method or literature study with analytical techniques comparing the opinions of two figures related to noble character. This study aims to find common ground between the opinions of Sheikh Abdul Wahhab al-Sya'rani and Sheikh Muhammad Abdul Aziz al-Khawli regarding morality.
فعالية استخدام كتاب التسهيل في علم النحو لترقية كفاءة الطلاب في فهم قواعد النحوية بمعهد الرفاعي مالانج
Authors: Masnun  , Ahmad Zawawi
Published: August 2024

كثير من التلاميذ في هذا المعهد لم يسيطروا على القواعد النحوية، لأن عبارات النحاة المطروحة في كتبهم عَوِيصَة ولم يألفها المبتدؤون. هذا يؤدي إلى انفرارهم من هذا الفن و يجرّهم إلى عدم السيطرة في القواعد النحوية و فاتت منهم مهارة القراءة. هذه العوامل التي دفعت الباحثَين إلى استخدام كتاب التسهيل في علم النحو كحل للمشكلات التي واجهها الطلاب. وأهداف الرئيسية لهذا البحث هي معرفة فعالية استخدام هذا الكتاب لترقية كفاءة الطلاب في فهم قواعد النحوية. و المدخل المستخدم هو المدخل الكمي بالمنهج التجريبي. والبيانات صدرت من سائر ما الذي استعمله الباحثان من الملاحظة و المقابلة و الاختبار قبليا أو بعديا. وحُلِّل البيانات المجموعة من الاختبار القبلي و البعدي برمز اختبار-ت (T-test). وبعد أن قام الباحثان بعرض البيانات ثم تحليلها ومناقشتها استخلصا النتائج أن استـخدام كتاب التسهيل في علم النحو لترقية كفاءة الطلاب في فهم قواعد النحوية فعال، اعتمادا على النتائج المحصولة والقواعد لاختبار الفرض أن درجة تاء حساب في هذا البحث (3,54) أكبر من درجة تاء جدول على مستوى 5 % (2,06) و من درجة تاء الجدول على مستوى 1 % (2,80) فلَخّص الباحثان أن الفرض مقبول.
تأثير استخدام وسيلة سجل القصاصات في تحسين مهارة الكتابة لطلاب الصف العاشر في المدرسة الثانوية الإسلامية الإصلاح بوكيت تنجي
Authors: Ahmad Jezy  , Oktarina Yusra  , Eka Rizal  , Nurhasnah  , Mohd Shauki Bik Bin Mohd Kasim
Published: August 2024

يهدف هذا البحث لمعرفة كيفية إتمام استخدام وسيلة سجل القصاصات في تعليم مهارة الكتابة في المدرسة الثانوية الإسلامية الإصلاح بوكيت تنجي. ولمعرفة مدى تأثير استخدام وسيلة سجل القصاصات في تحسين مهارة الكتابة لطلاب الصف العاشر في المدرسة الثانوية الإسلامية الإصلاح بوكيت تنجي. يستخدم الباحث المدخل الكمي وطريقة شبه التجربة. يستخدم الباحث المدخل الكمي انتجه الطريقة شبه التجربة (Quasi Experiment). ويستخدم الباحث تصميم مجموعة غير متكافئ (Nonequivalent control Group Design). يستخدم الباحث أسلوب الاختبار التائي (T tes) لتحليل البيانات. معدل نتائج الاختبار القبلي لدى الطلاب في تعليم مهارة الكتابة 68,17 للفصل التجربي و69,96 للفصل الضابط. وبعد استخدام وسيلة سجل القصاصات في تعليم مهارة الكتابة، قام الباحث الاختبار البعدي، وكان معدل نتائج الطلاب 78,46 للفصل التجربي و71,38 للفصل الضابط. أما نتائج هذا البحث فيما يلي: كيفية استخدام وسيلة سجل القصاصات في تعليم مهارة الكتابة تتكون من ثلاث مراحل، وهي إعداد، وتنفيذ، وتقويم.  ومن نتائج الاختبار معامل التحديد ((r squer أن مدى تأثير استخدام وسيلة سجل القصاصات في تحسين مهارة الكتابة لطلاب هو 70,2%. ووصل الباحث إلى الخلصة أن استخدام وسيلة سجل القصاصات لها  تأثير إيجابي في تحسين مهارة الكتابة لطلاب الصف العاشر في المدرسة الثانوية الإسلامية الإصلاح بوكيت تنجي. وهذا يعني أن استخدام وسيلة سجل القصاصات في تعليم مهارة الكتابة يمكن أن يحسن مهارة الكتابة لدى الطلاب.
The Influence Of The Make A Match Method For Mastering Mufradat At Al-Qur'an Middle School Salafiyyah Syafi'iyyah Sukorejo Bangorejo Banyuwangi
Authors: Alya Afifah Maliyanah  , Munirul Abidin  , Muhammad Ichsan
Published: August 2024

Vocabulary teaching is an important aspect in language acquisition because mufradat is the key to the teaching and learning process. The researcher used the make a match method for mastery of mufradat at SMP Al-Qur'an Salafiyyah Syafi'iyyah Sukorejo Bangorejo Banyuwangi. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect and results of student learning using the make a match method for mufradat mastery at SMP Al-Qur'an Salafiyyah Syafi'iyyah Sukorejo Bangorejo Banyuwangi. This research method uses quantitative methods using Experimental with the research design using the One-Group Pretest-Posttest Design. The sample of the research was 15 grade 9 students of SMP Al-Qur'an. Data collection techniques using observation, interviews, documents, pretest and posttest. The results of the normality test, there is a normal distribution population that is used in the experimental post-test and control post-test. the results of the homogeneity test produce a sig value > 0.05 = homogeneous, meaning that the data is taken from the same population. And in the Paired T-Test there is a significant effect on the pretest and posttest classes, namely from an average of 77.00 it has increased to 82.33.
تأثير تطبيق نموذج التعليم القبيح (المزاج، الفهم، التكرار، المطالعة، التنميّة، المراجعة) على نتائج تعليمية اللّغة العربية للطلاب في المدرسة المتوسطة الإسلامية الإصلاح بوكيت تنجي
Authors: Sri Wahyuni  , Nurhasnah  , Fajriyani Arsya  , Oktarina Yusra  , Mochammad Indra Yumanto
Published: August 2024

غرض هذا البحث لمعرفة تأثير تطبيق نموذج التعليم MURDER  على نتائج تعليم اللّغة العربية للطلاب في المدرسة المتوسطة الإسلامية الإصلاح بوكيت تنجي. تستخدم الباحثة المدخل الكمي انتجه الطريقة شبه التجربة (Quasi Experiment). المجتمع في هذا البحث هو جميع طلاب الصف الثامن. وأمّا عينة البحث أربعة وخمسون (54) طالبا. أخذت الباحثة 27 طالبا للفصل التجربي و27 طالبا للفصل الضابط. أم أدوات البحث المستخدمة في هذا البحث هي الاختبار والتوثيق. استخدم الباحث أسلوب الاختبار التاء (T-tes) لتحليل البيانات. معدل نتائج الاختبار القبلي للفصل التجريبي 70.37 وللفصل الضابط 71.48، وبعد تطبيق نموذج التعليم MURDER    في تعليم اللغة العربية قامت الباحثة بالاختبار البعدي، وكان معدل نتائج الطلاب للفصل التجريبي 78.88، وللفصل الضابط 72.22. وبناء على اختبار t أن نتيجة الاحتمال الأصغر من مستوى الأهمية (0.000 < 0.05) أن الفرضية البديلة (Ha) مقبولة ويتم رفض الفرضية الصفرية (H0). ووصلت الباحثة إلى الخلصة أن تطبيق نموذج التعليم MURDER  لها  تأثير إيجابي على نتائج تعلم اللّغة العربية للطلاب في المدرسة المتوسطة الإسلامية الإصلاح بوكيت تنجي.
Systematic Review: Determinants of Economic Growth in East Africa
Authors: H. Yusuf Shab’an
Published: August 2024

This systematic review focuses at determinants of economic growth in East Africa, covering those factors that help or hinder the economic growth of the region. The research thus underlines serious requirements for growth in the economy of East Africa with emphasis placed on the poorest continent in the world. It also underscores the dual challenge facing the countries of East Africa in driving high economic growth while managing fast-growing populations. The findings pinpoint the requirement for addressing these drivers so that the growth of the economy is more sustainable, the alleviation of poverty, and the creation of jobs in the region.
Environmental Literacy and Academic Performance of Grade 5 Learners
Authors: R. Lapas Junar
Published: August 2024

This study investigated the relationship between environmental literacy and academic performance among Grade 5 learners. Employing a descriptive correlational research design, the research aimed to determine the extent of environmental literacy in five dimensions: knowledge of environmental concepts, awareness of environmental issues, attitudes towards the environment, environmental behavior, and civic engagement. Additionally, it assessed the academic performance of learners in Health, Science, and Araling Panlipunan. The study involved purposive sampling of Grade 5 students from Paquibato District, with data collected through adapted questionnaires. The findings revealed that environmental literacy, particularly in knowledge of environmental concepts, attitudes towards the environment, and environmental behavior, significantly affects academic performance. A high degree of relationship was observed between overall environmental literacy and academic performance, indicating that enhanced environmental literacy correlates with better academic outcomes. The study emphasized the importance of integrating environmental education across various subjects and levels, highlighting its role not only in fostering environmental awareness and responsibility but also in enhancing academic achievement. These insights are crucial for educational stakeholders in formulating strategies to incorporate environmental literacy effectively in the curriculum.
Kétséges kriminalisztikai bizonyítás
Authors: Redmayne Mike , Roberts Paul , Aitken Colin , Jackson Graham
Published: August 2024

Building on judicial practice, the authors provide an overview of the methodology of forensic scientists and expert witnesses in criminal trials.
A kriminalisztika piramismodelljének második változata
Authors: Fenyvesi Csaba
Published: August 2024

The author draws a three-level pyramid-model that incoroporates all the categories of evidence defined by the Hungarian Criminal Procedure Act.
An Expanding Accretion Disk and a Warm Disk Wind as Seen in the Spectral Evolution of HBC 722
Authors: Carvalho Adolfo , Hillenbrand Lynne , Seebeck Jerome , Covey Kevin
Published: August 2024

We present a comprehensive analysis of the post-outburst evolution of the FU Ori object HBC 722 in optical/near-infrared (NIR) photometry and spectroscopy. Using a modified viscous accretion disk model, we fit the outburst epoch spectral energy distribution to determine the physical parameters of the disk, including

M

̇

acc

=

10

−
4.0

M

⊙

yr−1, R
inner = 3.65 R
⊙, i = 79°, and a maximum disk temperature of

T

max

=
5700

K. We then use a decade of optical/NIR spectra to demonstrate a changing accretion rate drives the visible-range photometric variation, while the NIR shows the outer radius of the active accretion disk expands outward as the outburst progresses. We also identify the major components of the disk system: a plane-parallel disk atmosphere in Keplerian rotation and a two-part warm disk wind that is collimated near the star and wide-angle at larger radii. The wind is traced by classic wind lines, and appears as a narrow, low-velocity, deep absorption component in several atomic lines spanning the visible spectrum and in the CO 2.29 μm band. We compare the wind lines to those computed from wind models for other FU Ori systems and rapidly accreting young stellar disks and find a 4000–6000 K wind can explain the observed line profiles. Fitting the progenitor spectrum, we find M
* = 0.2 M
⊙ and

M

̇

progenitor

=
7.8
×

10

−
8

M

⊙

yr

−
1

. Finally, we discuss HBC 722 relative to V960 Mon, another FU Ori object we have previously studied in detail.
Diverse Oxygen Abundance in Early Galaxies Unveiled by Auroral Line Analysis with JWST
Authors: Morishita Takahiro , Stiavelli Massimo , Grillo Claudio , Rosati Piero , Schuldt Stefan , Trenti Michele , Bergamini Pietro , Boyett Kit , Chary Ranga-Ram , Leethochawalit Nicha , Roberts-Borsani Guido , Treu Tommaso , Vanzella Eros
Published: August 2024

We present deep JWST NIRSpec observations in the sight line of MACS J1149.5+2223, a massive cluster of galaxies at z = 0.54. We report the spectroscopic redshift of 28 sources at 3 < z < 9.1, including nine sources with the detection of the

O

III

λ
4363

auroral line. Combining these with 16

O

III

λ
4363

-detected sources from publicly available JWST data, our sample consists of 25 galaxies with robust gas-phase metallicity measurements via the direct method. We observe a positive correlation between stellar mass and metallicity, with an ∼0.5 dex offset down below the local relation. Interestingly, we find a larger-than-expected scatter of ∼0.3 dex around the relation, which cannot be explained by redshift evolution among our sample or other third parameters. The scatter increases at higher redshift, and we tentatively attribute this to the enrichment process having higher stochasticity, due to shallower potential wells, more intense feedback processes, and a higher galaxy merger rate. Despite reaching a considerably low-mass regime (

log

M

*

/

M

⊙

∼
7.3

), our samples have metallicity of

log
(
O

/

H
)

+12 ≳ 7, i.e., comparable to the most metal-poor galaxies in the local Universe. The search for primordial galaxies may be accomplished by extending toward a lower mass and/or by investigating inhomogeneities at smaller spatial scales. Lastly, we investigate potential systematics caused by the limitation of JWST’s Micro-Shutter Assembly observations. Caution is warranted when the target exceeds the slit size, as this situation could allow an overestimation of global metallicity, especially under the presence of a strong negative metallicity gradient.
Star Formation, Nebulae, and Active Galactic Nuclei in CLASH Brightest Cluster Galaxies. I. Dependence on Core Entropy of Intracluster Medium
Authors: Levitskiy Arsen , Lim Jeremy , Ohyama Youichi , Li Juno , Donahue Megan
Published: August 2024

We set the stage for reassessing how star formation, emission-line nebulae, and active galactic nuclei (AGNs) in brightest cluster galaxies (BCGs) depend on the thermodynamics of the intracluster medium (ICM). Our work is based on the 25 clusters observed in the CLASH program for which the aforementioned attributes in their BCGs can be well scrutinized, as has the thermodynamics of their ICM. Nine of these BCGs display complex UV morphologies tracing recent star formation, whereas the remaining 16 are characterized by a relatively compact central UV enhancement. Here, we show definitively that three of the latter BCGs also display star formation, whereas the diffuse UV of the remaining 13 is entirely consistent with old low-mass stars. The overall results support the previously established dependence of star formation and nebulae in BCGs on an “excess core entropy,” K
0, for the ICM: all 11 clusters with K
0 ≤ 24 keV cm2 (but only one of 14 clusters with K
0 ≥ 42 keV cm2) host star-forming BCGs that almost if not always possess nebulae. Instead of an entropy floor, we show that K
0 reflects the degree to which the radial entropy profile decreases inward within ∼100 kpc rather than (except perhaps at large K
0) actually flattening: clusters with lower ICM entropies and hence shorter cooling times at their cores preferentially host BCGs displaying star formation, nebulae, and more radio-luminous AGNs. Nearly all BCGs possess detectable AGNs, however, indicating multiple pathways for fuelling their AGNs.
Sensitivity-improved Polarization Maps at 40 GHz with CLASS and WMAP Data
Authors: Shi 时 Rui 瑞 , Appel John W. , Bennett Charles L. , Bustos Ricardo , Chuss David T. , Dahal Sumit , Denes Couto Jullianna , Eimer Joseph R. , Essinger-Hileman Thomas , Harrington Kathleen , Iuliano Jeffrey , Li 李 Yunyang 云炀 , Marriage Tobias A. , Petroff Matthew A. , Rostem Karwan , Song 宋 Zeya 泽雅 , Valle Deniz A. N. , Watts Duncan J. , Weiland Janet L. , Wollack Edward J. , Xu 徐 Zhilei 智磊
Published: August 2024

Improved polarization measurements at frequencies below 70 GHz with degree-level angular resolution are crucial for advancing our understanding of the Galactic synchrotron radiation and the potential polarized anomalous microwave emission and ultimately benefiting the detection of primordial B modes. In this study, we present sensitivity-improved 40 GHz polarization maps obtained by combining the CLASS 40 GHz and Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe (WMAP) Q-band data through a weighted average in the harmonic domain. The decision to include WMAP Q-band data stems from similarities in the bandpasses. Leveraging the accurate large-scale measurements from the WMAP Q band and the high-sensitivity information from the CLASS 40 GHz band at intermediate scales, the noise level at ℓ ∈ [30, 100] is reduced by a factor of 2–3 in the map space. A pixel domain analysis of the polarized synchrotron spectral index (β

s
) using the WMAP K band and the combined maps (mean and 16th/84th percentiles across the β

s
map:

−

3.08

−
0.20

+
0.20

) reveals a stronger preference for spatial variation (probability to exceed for a uniform β

s
hypothesis smaller than 0.001) than the results obtained using WMAP K and Ka bands (

−

3.08

−
0.14

+
0.14

). The cross-power spectra of the combined maps follow the same trend as other low-frequency data, and validation through simulations indicates negligible bias introduced by the combination method (subpercent level in the power spectra). The products of this work are publicly available on LAMBDA (https://lambda.gsfc.nasa.gov/product/class/class_prod_table.html).
Reliability of In-band and Broadband Spectral Index Measurement: Systematic Study of the Effect of Signal-to-noise Ratio for uGMRT Data
Authors: Rashid Md , Roy Nirupam , Pandian J. D. , Dutta Prasun , Dokara R. , Vig S. , Menten K. M.
Published: August 2024

Low-radio-frequency spectral index measurements are a powerful tool for distinguishing between different emission mechanisms and, in turn, understanding the nature of the sources. Besides the standard method of estimating the “broadband” spectral index of sources from observations in two different frequency “bands,” if the observations were made with large instantaneous bandwidth, the “in-band” spectral index can be determined, either using images of emission at multiple frequency ranges within a band or using the novel Multi Term-Multi Frequency Synthesis (MT-MFS) imaging algorithm. Here, using simulated upgraded Giant Metrewave Radio Telescope (uGMRT) data, we have systematically studied the reliability of various methods of spectral index estimation for sources with a wide range of signal-to-noise ratios (S/Ns). It is found that for synthetic uGMRT point-source data, the MT-MFS imaging algorithm produces in-band spectral indices for S/N ≲ 100 that have errors ≳0.2, making them unreliable. However, at a similar S/N, the sub-band splitting method produces errors ≲0.2, which are more accurate and unbiased than the in-band spectral indices. The broadband spectral indices produce errors ≲0.2 even for S/N ≳ 15, and hence they are most reliable if there are no higher-order variations in the spectral index. These results may be used to improve the uGMRT observation and data analysis strategies, depending on the brightness of the target source.
Connections between Planetary Populations and Chemical Characteristics of Their Host Stars
Authors: Yun Sol , Lee Young Sun , Kim Young Kwang , Beers Timothy C. , Togay Berfin , Lim Dongwook
Published: August 2024

Chemical anomalies in planet-hosting stars (PHSs) are studied in order to assess how the planetary nature and multiplicity affect the atmospheric chemical abundances of their host stars. We employ APOGEE DR17 to select thin-disk stars of the Milky Way, and crossmatch them with the Kepler Input Catalog to identify confirmed PHSs, which results in 227 PHSs with available chemical abundance ratios for six refractory elements. We also examine an ensemble of stars without planet signals, which are equivalent to the selected PHSs in terms of evolutionary stage and stellar parameters, to correct for Galactic chemical evolution effects, and derive the abundance gradient of refractory elements over the condensation temperature for the PHSs. Using the Galactic chemical evolution corrected abundances, we find that our PHSs do not show a significant difference in abundance slope from the stars without planets. However, when we examine the trends of the refractory elements of PHSs, based on the total number of their planets and their planet types, we find that the PHSs with giant planets are more depleted in refractory elements than those with rocky planets. Among the PHSs with rocky planets, the refractory depletion trends are potentially correlated with the terrestrial planets’ radii and multiplicity. In the cases of PHSs with giant planets, sub-Jovian PHSs demonstrate more depleted refractory trends than stars hosting Jovian-mass planets, raising questions on different planetary formation processes for Neptune-like and Jupiter-like planets.
Imaging the Jet of MWC 349A with Resolved Radio Recombination Line Emission from ALMA
Authors: Martínez-Henares Antonio , Zhang Qizhou , Jiménez-Serra Izaskun , Martín-Pintado Jesús , Huélamo Nuria , Prasad Sirina , Moran James , Báez-Rubio Alejandro
Published: August 2024

Jets and disk winds arise from materials with excess angular momentum ejected from the accretion disks in forming stars. How these structures are launched and how they impact the gas within the innermost regions of these objects remains poorly understood. MWC349A is a massive star that has a circumstellar disk that rotates in accord with Kepler’s Law, with an ionized wind and a high-velocity jet launched from the disk surface. The strongly maser-amplified emission of hydrogen radio recombination lines (RRLs) observed toward this system provides a comprehensive picture of its ionized environment with exquisite detail. In this Letter, we present Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array observations of the H26α RRL and continuum emission obtained with the highest angular resolution ever used toward this source (beam of ∼0.″02). The maser RRL emission is resolved for the first time and clearly delineates the ionized disk, wind, and jet. We analyzed the RRL data cubes with the 3D non-LTE radiative transfer model MORELI, confirming that the jet is poorly collimated. We found that the jet orientation is closer to the rotation axis of the system than derived from spatially unresolved data. This study confirms that hydrogen RRL masers are powerful probes of the physical structure and kinematics of the innermost ionized material around massive stars.
Spectral Variance in a Stochastic Gravitational-wave Background from a Binary Population
Authors: Lamb William G. , Taylor Stephen R.
Published: August 2024

A population of compact object binaries emitting gravitational waves that are not individually resolvable will form a stochastic gravitational-wave signal. While the expected spectrum over population realizations is well known from Phinney, its higher-order moments have not been fully studied before or computed in the case of arbitrary binary evolution. We calculate analytic scaling relationships as a function of gravitational-wave frequency for the statistical variance, skewness, and kurtosis of a stochastic gravitational-wave signal over population realizations due to finite source effects. If the time derivative of the binary orbital frequency can be expressed as a power law in frequency, we find that these moment quantities also take the form of power-law relationships. We also develop a numerical population synthesis framework against which we compare our analytic results, finding excellent agreement. These new scaling relationships provide physical context to understanding spectral fluctuations in a gravitational-wave background signal and may provide additional information that can aid in explaining the origin of the nanohertz-frequency signal observed by pulsar timing array campaigns.
Swift J1727.8–1613 Has the Largest Resolved Continuous Jet Ever Seen in an X-Ray Binary
Authors: Wood Callan M. , Miller-Jones James C. A. , Bahramian Arash , Tingay Steven J. , Prabu Steve , Russell Thomas D. , Atri Pikky , Carotenuto Francesco , Altamirano Diego , Motta Sara E. , Hyland Lucas , Reynolds Cormac , Weston Stuart , Fender Rob , Körding Elmar , Maitra Dipankar , Markoff Sera , Migliari Simone , Russell David M. , Sarazin Craig L. , Sivakoff Gregory R. , Soria Roberto , Tetarenko Alexandra J. , Tudose Valeriu
Published: August 2024

Multiwavelength polarimetry and radio observations of Swift J1727.8–1613 at the beginning of its recent 2023 outburst suggested the presence of a bright compact jet aligned in the north–south direction, which could not be confirmed without high-angular-resolution images. Using the Very Long Baseline Array and the Long Baseline Array, we imaged Swift J1727.8–1613 during the hard/hard-intermediate state, revealing a bright core and a large, two-sided, asymmetrical, resolved jet. The jet extends in the north–south direction, at a position angle of −0.60° ± 0.07° east of north. At 8.4 GHz, the entire resolved jet structure is

∼
110
(
d

/

2.7

kpc
)

/

sin
i

au long, with the southern approaching jet extending

∼
80
(
d

/

2.7

kpc
)

/

sin
i

au from the core, where d is the distance to the source and i is the inclination of the jet axis to the line of sight. These images reveal the most resolved continuous X-ray binary jet, and possibly the most physically extended continuous X-ray binary jet ever observed. Based on the brightness ratio of the approaching and receding jets, we put a lower limit on the intrinsic jet speed of β ≥ 0.27 and an upper limit on the jet inclination of i ≤ 74°. In our first observation we also detected a rapidly fading discrete jet knot 66.89 ± 0.04 mas south of the core, with a proper motion of 0.66 ± 0.05 mas hr−1, which we interpret as the result of a downstream internal shock or a jet–interstellar medium interaction, as opposed to a transient relativistic jet launched at the beginning of the outburst.
Changes in erosion susceptibility of a Chromic Haplustert pasture soil by some polymers under simulated rainfall
Authors: Yakupoglu Tugrul , Ozdemir Nutullah
Published: August 2024

Due to the climate change that has become evident especially in the last ten years, ecosystems such as forests and pastures in the Mediterranean climate zone have become even more vulnerable to degradation. High erosive precipitation increases the amount of erosion in these soils with increasing their erodibility. The aim of this study was to determine to what extent some polymers, such as polyacrylamide and polyvinylalcohol, can prevent runoff and soil loss from erosion pans where a pasture soil was placed. For this purpose, aggregates of soil samples <8 mm from the A horizon of a Chromic Haplustert were used. Polyacrylamide and polyvinylalcohol solutions at different doses (0, 3.5, 7.0 and 14.0 kg ha-1) were applied to the aggregates by spraying. Erosion pans with slopes of 9% and 15% were exposed to simulated rainfall produced by a drop former rainfall simulator for one hour. The simulation trial was planned as 2 replications according to the randomized plots trial design. During simulated rainfall, runoff water and sediment from pans were collected at 10-minute intervals. Transported soils were expressed as dry weight, and runoff waters were expressed as volumetric. According to the results obtained, the highest runoff occurred from a 15% inclined soil pan (11.06 mm) without polymer applied (control). After one hour of simulated rainfall, runoff did not occur from some pans with high-doses of applied polymer. The amount of soil transported from the control pan by runoff and by splashing to the sides is 362 and 4241 kg ha-1, respectively. The pan, in which the least soil is carried by splashing, was the one with a 9% slope and the highest dose of polyacrylamide (97 kg ha-1). Statistical results show that polyvinylalcohol was  more successful than polyacrylamide in reducing soil and water losses especially on 15% slope. These results indicate that the application of polymer to pasture soils can be a valid way to combat erosion, but the treatments should be carried out by choosing the right dose, taking into account factors such as the slope of the land, the erodibility of the soil and the erosivity of rainfall. 
Education for a Sustainable Future: The Impact of Environmental Education on Shaping Sustainable Values and Attitudes among Students
Authors: Imran Muhammad , Almusharraf Norah , Abdellatif Mohamed Sayed
Published: August 2024

In the face of pressing global challenges, the role of education in shaping sustainable values and attitudes among students has become an urgent priority. This study delves into the immediate impact of education and awareness on students’ knowledge, values, and attitudes toward a sustainable future, with a specific focus on environmental education (EE). It examines various aspects of EE, including curriculum development, teacher training, environmental initiatives within educational institutions, and students’ comprehension of environmental issues. To understand the role of education in fostering a sustainable future, a 2-point Likert scale questionnaire was distributed to a randomly selected sample of 87 high school teachers. The results, analysed through multiple regression analysis, the chi-square test, the t-test, and Cronbach’s alpha value tests, underscore the urgent and significant role of EE in preparing children for a secure future. The study further highlights the increasing urgency and importance of EE in the face of climate change, positioning it as a crucial element for early childhood educational policies.
‘Are you still watching?’ – A study on the predictors of the problematic practice of binge-watching
Authors: De Jesus Almeida Rocha Oliveira Melissa , Contreras Pinochet Luis Hernan , Itacaramby Pardim Vanessa , Carvalho de Azevedo Marcia
Published: August 2024

By implementing innovative ways of accessing the media, video-on-demand services have renewed the concept of watching television, leading to the growth and popularity of social behavior of content consumption in the form of marathons, known as binge-watching. There is an increase in literature discussions about potential adverse outcomes that can arise from the excess of these marathons. It is because the adversities of its excessive use can affect its users in the social, physical, and mental spheres. Given the relevance of this social problem, this research aims to understand the main determining predictors of the problematic practice of binge-watching. The research sample consisted of binge-watching practitioners (n=467). The linear and multivariate methods used Structural Equation Modeling by Partial Least Squares (SEM-PLS) and Necessary Condition Analysis (NCA). As a result, the study showed that the practice, associated with the psychological predisposition of individuals, can lead to the development of negative symptoms similar to addiction to various technologies, compromising the individual’s life both physically and psychologically. This phenomenon intensified during the COVID-19 pandemic when binge-watching was used for distractions, entertainment, and the management of negative sensations arising from the pandemic. Finally, this research contributes to the proposition of an original theoretical model on the problematic practice of binge-watching. It brings elements to reflect from the ESG point of view, as companies must commit to their social governance, thinking of strategies to optimize the obtaining profits, in the present study, subscriptions, without compromising the health of individuals.
Beyond COVID-19
Authors: Furukawa Liton
Published: August 2024

The pandemic impacts children's physical and mental health, and children are now experiencing increased mental health and physical challenges as a result of COVID-19. This chapter presents Universal Design for Learning as a framework for curriculum reform that will improve children's learning experiences and enable more effective planning towards a more inclusive and interactive education method in early childhood education settings. This chapter focuses on a pilot study employing a mixed-methods design that explored how an innovative UDL model—interactive multi-sensory physical movements (IMPM)—was implemented in a kindergarten in Canada. This research is an evidence-based ongoing interdisciplinary study that highlights this new model with the aim of incurring long term benefits for children, parents, and ECE professionals. This research will also benefit the international ECE industry, scholars, researchers, and informed policy makers.
Navigating the Gap Between Theory and Practice in UDL Implementation Within the K-12 Sector
Authors: Gurney Pamela , Fovet Frederic
Published: August 2024

This chapter examines the gap which exists between theory and practice in the K-12 Canadian school system in relation to Universal Design for Learning (UDL) implementation. It blends the voices of two academics, one examining UDL adoption from a theoretical and conceptual point of view, and one presenting observations from the field. The chapter argues that the current academic discourse related to UDL integration in schools is misleadingly optimistic, when the reality of on terrain integration is radically grimmer. The chapter argues that this glossy perception of progress must be unpacked and re-examined as it otherwise is at risk of creating and perpetuating a false narrative regarding the efforts that remain to be applied in the area of inclusive design and UDL adoption. The chapter's recommendations include a more pragmatic and realistic assessment of the work that remains to be achieved in the field before UDL can be considered in the process of becoming a reality for teachers and students.
Difficulties and Challenges in Alzheimer's Disease
Authors: Gupta Usha Jyoti , Jacobsen Jennifer , Haider Muhammad Adnan , Mushtaq Samsam
Published: August 2024

Geriatric care refers to the specialized care and treatment plans curated exclusively for the elderly, usually those aged 65 and above. It is a holistic approach that caters to the physical, mental, and emotional wellbeing of the elderly, and focuses on the challenges and unique needs that arise with aging. Geriatric care is important because it caters to integral aspects of senior-hood like management of chronic conditions, medication management, and maintaining functional independence. Care at home for senior citizens provides personalized support and assistance in-house, offering a myriad of benefits. The aim of this article is to provide insights into the role of GM to non-geriatrician readers and to summarize the main aspects of the value of a geriatric approach across the spectrum of healthcare.