bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The French Third Republic: Popular Education, Conceptions of Citizenship and the Flemish Immigrants
Authors: Kusters Walter , Depaepe Marc
Published: March 2020

This article focuses on the influence of the (educational) policy of the Third Republic and the specific conceptions of citizenship that were implied in the reshaping of primary education. Particular attention will be drawn to the way children, as future citizens, were being addressed and ‘moulded’ through the then popular education practices, against the background of a severe assimilationist language policy and a fierce battle against religious institutions. One of its consequences certainly concerns the non-recognition, educationally as well as politically, of the problem of ‘immigrants’. The expansive definition of French citizenship vis-à-vis immigrants, with strong roots in the jus soli approach, implied that no special educational measures were taken to ‘adapt’ the Flemish, non-native speakers to their new situation, while at the same time a number of pragmatic motives on the part of the (children of) migrants themselves strengthened their integration and assimilation.
The Appeal of Technical Education in Tough Times: A Comparison of the Toronto and Windsor Experiences, 1890–1930
Authors: Sharman Kathleen Yolande , Glassford Larry A.
Published: March 2020

This paper examines the establishment of two pioneering technical schools in Ontario - the Toronto Technical School in the 1890s, and Windsor-Walkervile Technical School in the 1920's - in a comparative perspective. Though separated by geography and chronological era, there are significant similarities in their development, from idealistic schemes in the minds of a few visionaries to bricks-and-mortar reality as thriving stand-alone technical high schools. The analysis, while based on primary documents from the historical period, utilizes both the classical interpretation of Robert Stamp and the work of subsequent revisionists. An examination of evolving educational policy and changes in regional economic geography helps to situate this comparative institutional study in a broader interpretive perspective. The conclusion, that each school in its time was innovative, popular and respected, will provide valuable historical context for current debates about the appropriate role, if any, of technical schools in public education.
Organizational culture in public and non-public higher education institutions in Poland: A study based on Cameron and Quinn’s model
Authors: Dębski Maciej , Cieciora Małgorzata , Pietrzak Piotr , Bołkunow Wiktor
Published: March 2020

BACKGROUND:

Non-public higher schools have developed dynamically since the transformative changes of 1989 and now play a remarkable role in the Polish educational market. However, the public schools are considered to be more prestigious. A study on the organizational culture of the two types of institutions should provide more insight into the nature of their effectiveness.

OBJECTIVE:

The purpose of this paper is to present differences between public and non-public higher education institutions in Poland with regard to their organizational culture.

METHODS:

A synthetic review of the literature on organizational culture was conducted and presented. Research in the form of a survey based on Cameron and Quinn’s model was conducted in eight universities in Poland. A sample of opinions of 186 workers was gathered and analyzed.

RESULTS:

In Poland public universities have a predominantly hierarchical culture while their non-public counterparts function in a less hierarchical market culture.

CONCLUSIONS:

The findings suggest that it may be necessary to use different management systems in the two types of institutions. A further, more comprehensive research into the subject will be worth conducting.
Body composition isokinetic knee extensor strength and balance as predictors of competition performance in junior weightlifters
Authors: İnce İ. , Ulupinar S. , Özbay S.
Published: March 2020

BACKGROUND:

Although it is known that isokinetic knee extensor strength and balance ability are important, valid and reliable parameters, they have not been used hitherto to predict the performance of junior weightlifters.

OBJECTIVE:

To investigate the relationship among body composition, isokinetic knee extensor strength, balance, and weightlifting performance and to determine whether these factors predict competition performance in junior men weightlifters.

METHODS:

Fifty-one male junior weightlifters (age: 15.9 [Formula: see text] 1.2 years, height: 161.9 [Formula: see text] 7.7 cm, body mass: 62.7 [Formula: see text] 11.3 kg) participated in this study. Participants performed isokinetic knee extensor strength tests in concentric mode (at 60 and 180[Formula: see text]/s) and balance tests (static and dynamic). Competition performance was calculated according to the Sinclair equation, which was used as the dependent variable in the statistical analysis. The extent to which the independent variables predicted competition performance was determined by bivariate correlations and multiple linear regression analysis.

RESULTS:

Significant correlations were found between the Sinclair score and the independent variables ([Formula: see text] 0.496–0.804, [Formula: see text] 0.05). Three models were fitted by hierarchical linear regression analysis. Body fat percentage was determined as a control variable in step one, isokinetic knee extensor strength at 180[Formula: see text]/s was included in step two, and static balance was included in step three, with all three contributing to the models significantly ([Formula: see text] 0.0001, [Formula: see text] 0.0001, and [Formula: see text] 0.003, respectively). The variance of competition performance was explained by approximately 65% in step one, approximately 78% in step two, and approximately 82% in step three.

CONCLUSIONS:

The results of this study suggest that isokinetic knee extensor strength, static balance, and body fat percentage are effective for predicting competition performance in junior weightlifters.
The influence of whole-body electromyostimulation training in middle-aged women
Authors: Sánchez-Infante Jorge , Bravo-Sánchez Alfredo , Abián Pablo , Esteban Paula , Jimenez Fernando , Abián-Vicén Javier
Published: March 2020

BACKGROUND:

Whole-body electromyostimulation (WB-EMS) is a new tendency in training used to complement conventional training.

OBJECTIVE:

The aim was to analyze the effects of training with WB-EMS on body composition, strength and balance in middle-aged women.

METHODS:

Twenty-eight women were randomly assigned to two groups: the WB-EMS group (age [Formula: see text] 48.1 [Formula: see text] 4.3 years) or the control group (CG) (age [Formula: see text] 51.1 [Formula: see text] 5.4 years). All participants continued their training of 2 days[Formula: see text]week[Formula: see text] and 60 min[Formula: see text]day[Formula: see text] of endurance-dynamic strength exercises and additionally did 20 minutes more of dynamic strength exercises one day[Formula: see text]week[Formula: see text]: the WB-EMS group did the additional training with WB-EMS and the CG did the same training but without WB-EMS. Body composition, muscle isokinetic strength of the knee flexors/extensors and postural stability were measured before and after 8 weeks of training.

RESULTS:

After the training program, the WB-EMS group showed lower values for the waist circumference (83.00 [Formula: see text] 7.37 vs. 78.50 [Formula: see text] 7.30 cm; [Formula: see text] 0.01), hip circumference (104.80 [Formula: see text] 8.61 vs. 101.00 [Formula: see text] 6.78 cm; [Formula: see text] 0.05) and total fat mass (37.04 [Formula: see text] 6.08 vs. 36.26 [Formula: see text] 5.78%; [Formula: see text] 0.05). In balance stability the WB-EMS group reduced their Fall Risk Index (1.70 [Formula: see text] 0.51 vs. 1.30 [Formula: see text] 0.38 AU; [Formula: see text] 0.01) and deviation (1.50 [Formula: see text] 0.43 vs. 1.03 [Formula: see text] 0.74 AU; [Formula: see text] 0.01) after training and showed lower values in the Fall Risk Index ([Formula: see text] 0.007) and deviation ([Formula: see text] 0.024).

CONCLUSIONS:

The WB-EMS training program helps reduce the risk of falling and improves body composition variables and balance results in middle-aged physically active women.
From Polygenic Scores to Precision Medicine in Alzheimer’s Disease: A Systematic Review
Authors: Harrison Judith R. , Mistry Sumit , Muskett Natalie , Escott-Price Valentina
Published: March 2020

Background:

Late-onset Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is highly heritable. The effect of many common genetic variants, single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), confer risk. Variants are clustered in areas of biology, notably immunity and inflammation, cholesterol metabolism, endocytosis, and ubiquitination. Polygenic scores (PRS), which weight the sum of an individual’s risk alleles, have been used to draw inferences about the pathological processes underpinning AD.

Objective:

This paper aims to systematically review how AD PRS are being used to study a range of outcomes and phenotypes related to neurodegeneration.

Methods:

We searched the literature from July 2008–July 2018 following PRISMA guidelines.

Results:

57 studies met criteria. The AD PRS can distinguish AD cases from controls. The ability of AD PRS to predict conversion from mild cognitive impairment (MCI) to AD was less clear. There was strong evidence of association between AD PRS and cognitive impairment. AD PRS were correlated with a number of biological phenotypes associated with AD pathology, such as neuroimaging changes and amyloid and tau measures. Pathway-specific polygenic scores were also associated with AD-related biologically relevant phenotypes.

Conclusion:

PRS can predict AD effectively and are associated with cognitive impairment. There is also evidence of association between AD PRS and other phenotypes relevant to neurodegeneration. The associations between pathway specific polygenic scores and phenotypic changes may allow us to define the biology of the disease in individuals and indicate who may benefit from specific treatments. Longitudinal cohort studies are required to test the ability of PGS to delineate pathway-specific disease activity.
Theorizing Bell-Bottoms Dominating Aesthetics
Authors: Sheeha Stephen
Published: March 2020

Bell-bottom pants invoke in me a memory of innumerable black and white newspaper photos of women marching behind banners in the student and youth demonstrations that marked the sixties and early seventies. But nostalgia is painfully ironic. Forgetting makes remembering a dangerous and tricky act.
Women in Arab Society
Authors: American University Lebanese
Published: March 2020

Setaney Shami, Lucine Taminian, Soheir A. Morsy, Zeinab Bashir El Bakri, El-Wathig Kameir. Women in Arab Society: Work Patterns and Gender Relations in Egypt, Jordan and Sudan. New York: Burg Publishers/Unesco. 1990. ISBN:O-85496-724-9 or 92-3-102655-0 Unesco Review taken from Inside Jacket.
Why Will We Grow Old
Authors: Nogma Jumble
Published: March 2020

Taken from the article of Anu Talvivaara, "Justice, Peace andCreation: A Youth Perspective" in ECHOES, of the World Council of Churches Programme ill on Justice, Peace and Creation, No.1, 1992
A Turbulent Spring
Authors: Abul-Husn Randa
Published: March 2020

Algeria, Sudan, Egypt, Lebanon, Iraq, The Occupied Territories, Afghanistan, Turkey, Yugoslavia, The new Republics of the Ex-Soviet Union, Peru, Mexico, Burma, The Philippines, Sri Lanka, Sera Leone, Germany, and the United States of America. This is only part of the list of uprisings, chaos, violence and instability in the spring of 1992.
Children's Book Carnival and Play
Authors: Abul-Husn Randa
Published: March 2020

A Book is a Window into the World! Choose a book you like and begin to read. The more books you read the more you learn about the world in which you grow and which you will change and improve. It must be a world oj friendshio and peace. A world of beautiful books and happy children Choose your books wisely, books you will want 10 read again. (Wojciech Zukrowski, uncle from Poland who writes books for children, IBBY)
Tradition versus Modernity: Urban Southern Sudanese Women
Authors: Yoh John-Gay N.
Published: March 2020

Thirty years ago, it was impossible for a researcher to discuss views pertaining to women's rights in this part of the world. In fact, it was irrational to speak of any rights for women, for there was no such thing as women's rights.
Woman and her Rights in Lebanese Law Lecture by Dr. Lamia Shehadeh
Authors: American University Lebanese
Published: March 2020

It is with ancient Greek myths describing women as devilish and needing to be taimed to obey men that Dr. Lamia Shehadeh, Chairperson of the Civilization Sequence Studies department of the American University of Beirut began her lecture about Woman's legislative rights in Lebanon.
Has Feminism Failed?
Authors: American University Lebanese
Published: March 2020

Twenty years have passed since the movement began. The relevant questions today are: «What have they (women) done?», «Where do they stand today?» and «What is the outcome in Africa , in Europe , in Asia and in America?»
AI Mar'a Fi AI-Islam (The Status of Women in Islam)
Authors: Accad Evelyne
Published: March 2020

AI Mar'a Fi AI-Islam (The Status of Women in Islam), by Dr. Subhi Al-Saleh.
The Fate of Women In Yemen After National Unification?
Authors: American University Lebanese
Published: March 2020

Yemen - political unification (North and South)! What is in store for women? Which formula will the unified government adopt with respect to women: that of the traditional North Yemen community; or that of the progressive South Yemencommunity?
And Life Goes On
Authors: Abu-Khadra Intisar
Published: March 2020

When my husband was hit by cancer, five years before he passed away , I started to prepare myself for the devastating event. It was not easy for me to accept the fact then . We had shared a lifetime together at home and at work.
1990, International Literacy Year
Authors: American University Lebanese
Published: March 2020

The moment the United Nations declared 1990 as International Literacy Year, the international literacy movement began to consider how the year could strenghten the movement in every corner of the world. The U.N. plan of action is to "help member states in all regions to eradicate illiteracy by the year 2000".
Women in Management
Authors: American University Lebanese
Published: March 2020

Woman in Management» has become a major subject for Forums sponsored by the Middle East Industrial Consultants (MEIRC) held consecutively in 1988, 1989 and 1990 in the Arab Gulf.
IWSAW Announcements
Authors: American University Lebanese
Published: March 2020

News from IWSAW
Why a Women's Liberation Movement?
Authors: Ghurayyib Rose
Published: March 2020

"Stop that frantic interest in the Women's Liberation Movement! Rise, unite, but concentrate on a more important issue such as the political dissensions which afflict your country and tear it into pieces!" This call came from a sociologist who sometimes participated in the editing of IWSA W publications and became exceedingly worried about the spread of terrorism and the menace of complete disruption in Lebanon.
A Survey of the Stages of the Women's Liberation Movement in the Arab World
Authors: Ghurayyib Rose
Published: March 2020

Paper presented at the Conference for the Integration of ArabWomen in Economic Development organized by IWSAW -Nicosia, Cyprus, June 1985.
Measuring Women's Economic Activity
Authors: American University Lebanese
Published: March 2020

Over the last decade interest in the role of women in economic development has increased greatly. The measurement of female labour force activity is often underreported in censuses and surveys. Statistical data on women's economic activity are either inaccurate or incomplete and show lower activity rates for women than expected.
Nour Salman
Authors: American University Lebanese
Published: March 2020

The most recent collection of letters by Dr. Nour Salman is her book «Ila Rajol Lam Y'ati»* (To a Man Who Never Was).
At the Crossroads of Development
Authors: American University Lebanese
Published: March 2020

The following article is an excerpt from a paper presented by Dr. Lubna Ahmed Alkazi at the regional conference on Planning for the Integration of Arab Women in Economic Development, which was organized by the Institute for Women's Studies in the Arab World.
Kuwait: Fats and Figures
Authors: American University Lebanese
Published: March 2020

Kuwait: Fats and Figures
Saudi Women and Education
Authors: Stephan Wafa
Published: March 2020

In 1985, Saudi Arabia celebrated 25 years of state education for wOll1en who constitute 25 per cent of the total students of the Kingdom. Moreover, although Saudi Arabia is considered to be a conservative society, available data show that significant advances have taken place in the field of education since 1960.
The Lebanese Family Planning Association
Authors: Arasoghli Aida
Published: March 2020

The Lebanese Family Planning Organization held its fourth conference on «The Image of Women in the Media» to assess and evaluate the conditions of women in Lebanon. Among the participants were fifty delegates representing women's groups, federations, social and health centers, as well as members of the association.
Edvick Jureidini Shayboub
Authors: American University Lebanese
Published: March 2020

Edvick Jureidini Shayboub
Nissa, A New Women's Journal
Authors: American University Lebanese
Published: March 2020

Nissa is a feminist, bilingual journal issued by a group of women who decided they would like to contribute to the shaping of women's image different from that portrayed by the traditional media or by sexist discourse.
Is There a Renewal in Tunisian Feminine Literature
Authors: Fontaine Jean
Published: March 2020

Jean Fontaine , one of the founders of IBLA, the Institute of Arab Literature (Institut des Belles Lettres Arabes) , has often written about Tunisian literature. In his latest critique, he questions whether there has been a renewal of literary efforts by Tunisian women between the years 1971 and 1981.
Ordalie des Voix, les Femmes Arabes Parlent, by Aicha Lemsine
Authors: Yarek Nazik
Published: March 2020

Aicha Lemsine, Ordalie des Voix, les Femmes Arabes Parlent
We Have a City to Patch Up
Authors: Accad Evelyne
Published: March 2020

We Have a City to Patch Up by Evelyne Accad
Dr. Jamal Karam Harfouche
Authors: American University Lebanese
Published: March 2020

When Jamal Karam received her medical degree in pediatrics in 1941, she was the first woman doctor from South Lebanon, her birthplace being the resort village of Jezzine.
The Problem of Illiteracy in Egypt
Authors: American University Lebanese
Published: March 2020

Outline of an article by Khaled Abdallah Loutf i, PopulationStudies, no. 62, July/September 1982, pp. 79-82_
Breast-Feeding Patterns
Authors: Stephan Wafa
Published: March 2020

Breast- Feeding Patterns is the title of a 1982 publication by the WHO/EMRO, prepared by Dr. J.K. Harfouche, M.D., Professor Emeritus of Maternal and Child Health at the American University of Beirut.
Small Industries and the Population and Development Project (PDP) in Egypt
Authors: Fattah Ahmed Abdel
Published: March 2020

Condensed from an article by Ahmed Abdel Fallah, in Population Studies Quarterly Review, no. 58, Cairo, July/September 1981 , pp. 37-42.
"The Coming of Age"
Authors: Simonian Azadouhi Kalaidjian
Published: March 2020

How do the old view their age? What are their attitudes towards old age? What is the psychology of the old? These are some of the questions posed in the second part of Simone de Beauvoir's The Coming of Age. (1 The author has used the examples of the privileged few (writers, artists etc.) who were the only people to record their attitudes, feelings and views ofold age.
Integration of Women in Development Plans Within the United Arab Emirates
Authors: Ali Dr. Haidar Ibrahim
Published: March 2020

Abstract of a study prepared in Arabic by Dr. Haidar Ibrahim Ali, Professor in the Sociology Department, School of Arts, University of the United Arab Emirates, presented at the Second Regional Conference for Arab Gulf Women, March 28-31 , 1981.
The Armenian Women in Lebanon
Authors: Kalaidjia Azadouhi
Published: March 2020

The history of the Armenian community in Lebanon begins in 1921 when the French transferred the remnants of the Armenians of Cilicia, Syria and Anatolia to Beirut after the massacres perpetrated by the Turks in 1915.
Attitudes of University Students Toward Working Women in Jordan
Authors: Barhoum Dr. M.I.
Published: March 2020

Abstract of a study prepared by Dr. M.1. Barhoum, Sociology Department, University of Jordan, Amman, for the Institute for Womens' studies in the Arab World
A Friend of the Disabled
Authors: Langworthy Esther Johnson
Published: March 2020

Faculty and students of Beirut University College in the forties and fifties, when it was successively called «American Junior College» and «Beirut College for Women», will surely remember a lively teacher who, besides her multiple talents and varied intellectual interests, had an unusual ability to befriend everyone. A gifted pianist, a teacher of humanities,Esther Johnson was also a dynamic social worker, a believer in a humane socialism which she tried to put into practice and did not restrict to mere talk.
Why a Women's Liberation Movement?
Authors: American University Lebanese
Published: March 2020

When asked about her opinion regarding the Women's Liberation Movement, one of our Lebanese social leaders said: «I do not think we need it here. Our constitution gives women equality with men in all fields». From a scientific point of view, this answer may be called a generalization or a sweeping statement which requires revision.
Continuing Education For Women
Authors: American University Lebanese
Published: March 2020

Selections from a report, given in a workshop, by Mrs. Lily Badre on November 20,1980, about ithe trip she made to the Far East during September 1980, as a consultant for AWl on Continuing Education.
Women and Work in Lebanon
Authors: American University Lebanese
Published: March 2020

Between 1972 and 1975, women in Lebanon represented 48.1 % of the total population. The economically active women represented 17.5% of the female population and 18.4% of the total labor force(2). According to a later survey no change inthese figures has occurred since 1975.
IYDP (International Year of Disabled Persons)
Authors: American University Lebanese
Published: March 2020

The International Year of Disabled Persons (IYDP) 1981, following the International Year of the Child 1979 and the International Year of Women, 1975, aims to create and spread general awareness regard ing the problems of the disabled just as the former two international years tried to spread general awareness regarding the problems of women and children all over the world.
Family-Planning Week, Organized by the Lebanon Family Planning Association
Authors: American University Lebanese
Published: March 2020

Founded in 1969, readily affiliated with the International Planned Parenthood Federation (lPPF), which provided it with financial aid, the Lebanon Family-Planning Association (LFPA) was able to gain full recognition within a few years.
Another Development in Health
Authors: American University Lebanese
Published: March 2020

A seminar on "Another Development in Health," organized in June 1977 at the Dag Hammarskjold Center at Uppsala, Sweden, declared that the crisis in health care "is not limited to the Third World but is becoming increasingly evident in the industrialized countries as well." It was made clear that development based on economic growth is not a guarantee of general health and welfare unless it is man-centered and works to improve the quality of life that man is leading.
Family Status in Syria
Authors: Akhras Dr. M.S
Published: March 2020

Modernism and social evolution have had a definite impact on the status and functions of the family everywhere . As an example, woman's education and her integration in work outside the home has affected the structure of the family as well as the woman's attitude toward marriage and her choice of a mate .
The Tunisian Woman and Her Place in Positive Law
Authors: American University Lebanese
Published: March 2020

The Tunisian Woman and Her Place in Positive Law, by Lawyer Naziha Lakehal-Ayat.
Image of the Mother in the Novels of North African Men
Authors: Accad Evelyne
Published: March 2020

Taken from Evelyne Accad's book: Veil of Shame: The Role of Women in the Contemporary Fiction of North Africa and the Arab World. Sherbrooke: Naaman, 1978.
Integration of the Arab Woman in Development Discussed at a U.N. Regional Conference
Authors: American University Lebanese
Published: March 2020

The Regional Conference for the integration of women in West Asian development was held in Amman, Jordan, 29 May·4 June, 1978. . It was convened by the U.N. Center of Social Development and Humanitarian affairs, in cooperation with the Economic Commission for West Asia (ECWA). Ten Arab countries were represented by their ECWA members. The Arab League Secretariat and seven U.N. organizations were represented by observers.
Post-War Thoughts
Authors: American University Lebanese
Published: March 2020

Betore the Lebanese war, when we women came across another woman whom we knew or did not know, we automatically started discussing her appearance: was she pretty or not? Had the years left their mark on her face and figure? Was she elegant and well-dressed? To-day, the question which imposes itself on us is: what does she do? what kind of work or profession does she practice?
Role of Women's Colleges and Universities
Authors: American University Lebanese
Published: March 2020

"Higher education for women, whether taken up by a women's university or by a co-educational institution, has a certain role to acknowledge and perform."
Rural Household Resource Allocation
Authors: Faris Joseph
Published: March 2020

This study is a survey of rural households in Lebanon, covering ten families in each of four villages and representing different human and ecological zones in this country. The four villages are Maad {Jubail, Mt. Lebanon}, Sa'adin {Akkar}, Ain-Zebdeh {Beka'a}, Hassin (Kesrouan, Mt. Lebanon). The ten families were studied in depth, on the basis of family size, permanent residency, employment of head household, income, and land ownership.
Family Planning and Women's Development
Authors: American University Lebanese
Published: March 2020

This conference was organized by the National Women's Union of Tunisia and was attended by representatives of Family Planning Associations from various Arab countries: Egypt, Syria, Lebanon, Iraq, Morocco, Sudan, Tunis, Jordan, Algeria, Yemen Democratic Republic.
Various Conference Reports
Authors: American University Lebanese
Published: March 2020

Various Conference Reports
The Importance of Music in my Writing and ‘Engagement’
Authors: Accad Evelyne
Published: March 2020

I started composing songs in 1975 when the war broke out in Lebanon. My grief was so overwhelming I could not sleep or lead a normal existence thinking about what my loved ones and the country I cherished were going through. Songs – music and words – came out of my body like a long plaintive shriek. They helped relieve the pain, anger, frustrations, and communicate my feelings to others. Recently I discovered that mixing songs with my presentation was a powerful tool to better express what I want to say and that I can better capture an audience by using my music.
Homecoming refugee / Qara: beneath an endless sky
Authors: Hilal Dima
Published: March 2020

Homecoming refugeea refugee in the wombI feel my world shakeevery time my mother doesmy sky moveswith her every sway Qara: beneath an endless skyin this land where wateronce flowed into winecrimson now stainsthe cracked earthbeneath our feet
Loubna Haikal: By Way of an Interview
Authors: Nikro Saadi
Published: March 2020

The following text is based on an email interview with Loubna Haikal, a novelist and playwright living in Sydney. In what follows she responds to some questions and themes Saadi Nikro asked her to consider, in late 2006.
Another place
Authors: Majaj Lisa Suheir
Published: March 2020

Who knew the past would follow us so far, years collapsing like an ancient accordion, scraps of memory tucked like torn photographs into the sockets of our eyes Remember the gray Beirut seafront
Writing Um Said: Representation of Motherhood in Edward Said’s Out of Place
Authors: Issa Rana
Published: March 2020

I chose to read Edward Said’s memoir Out of Place expecting to find an alternativehistory of Palestine from one of the most ferocious fighters for the Palestinian cause.I did not find much of Palestine, but I did read an intimate narrative of an Arab boy’s coming of age. Said’s focus on his family was a deliberate opening up of the structure of the Arab household, as he attests in the preface to the Arabic translation of the book. This gesture resonated deeply with my own feminist political position on existing family structures as oppressive units that attempt to control and undermine women’s roles in society.
Excerpts taken from the book by Mai Ghoussoub Leaving Beirut: Women and Wars Within
Authors: Ghoussoub Mai
Published: March 2020

I was lucky. I had the possibility of leaving. Many were stuck in the war and didn’t have the luxury of avoiding involvement in it. But the bliss of amnesia seems to be shortlived, and the desire to ignore my own responsibilities was a flimsy subterfuge against guilt. The most difficult thing for me to acknowledge is that I blinded myself deliberately for such a long time. It took the ripped and torn body of my brother to release me. What right do I have now to blame those who continued indulging in the abnormality of war?
The Role of French-Arab Women in Constructing a Postcolonial France
Authors: Sutherland Nina
Published: March 2020

In the years following 2000, French society finally started to address problematic issues emanating from its colonial past (massacres, slavery, and forced labor) and to question what it means to be a postcolonial nation. The discussion of such pointed and problematic subjects had for so long been repressed by successive French governments who feared civil unrest among France's postcolonial immigrant communities and who were ofte composed of and influenced by powerful and nostalgic ex-settler pressure groups. The concept of “postcolonialism” also challenges the fundamental ideals of the French Republic whereby citizens should meld into the dominant social norms of French society and renounce their respective individual history or culture.
Gender Mainstreaming Forced Migration Research
Authors: Hourani Guita , Sensenig-Dabbous Eugene
Published: March 2020

Lebanese from all social and economic classes were attracted by the international migration movement of the nineteenth century. Men and women, married and single, middle class and underprivileged all sought their fortune through migration. Rather surprisingly, given the patriarchal norms of Middle Eastern society, Christian as well as Muslim married women sometimes emigrated without their husbands and families, for, as A. Khater notes, they “had their [own] reasons to leave… Some wanted to escape an unhappy marriage, others sought a better financial status, and a few were after adventure, but most went looking for the 'family’.”
Arab Women Cyberfeminism
Authors: Stephan Rita
Published: March 2020

In 1999, members of the San Francisco chapter of the Arab Women Solidarity Association (AWSA-United) launched a website and an email listserv to connect Arab women internationally. The aim of this listserv was to provide a space for Arab women and their allies to share information and discuss issues relevant to Arab women's lives and experiences. It also serves as a springboard for activism related to Arab women's issues in the modern world (AWSA website). Through conducting an online survey, I use the case study of AWSA-United to understand how Arab women use cyberspace to construct their identity in terms of their ethnicities as Arabs or hyphenated-Arabs, their religions as Muslims, Christians or others, and their activism as feminists or activists.
Session 1: Empowerment of Women in Politics and Media
Authors: Dabbous-Sensenig Dima
Published: March 2020

When I was asked to participate in this forum, I thought it was clear what I was getting myself into. As [then] Acting Director of the Institute for Women's Studies in the Arab World (IWSAW) and a media scholar, I thought this was going to be a presentation on media and gender, the intersection of two fields I am quite familiar with from an academic perspective. Easy, I thought. However, when I talked a few weeks ago with Ms. Nakash concerning the details of the presentation, she explained that she expected something personal. I wasn't so sure anymore. Not because I can't be personal, but because I have never done that in public, especially in relation to politics. This is indeed one situation, I thought, where I was not sure I wanted the personal to be political, no offence to sister feminists intended.
Al-Raida Explores Female Criminality in the Arab World
Authors: Nashabe Omar
Published: March 2020

Criminal activities are usually attributed to men, whereas women are often considered victims, and there are fewer women in prisons and who violate the law, especially in the Arab region. This issue of Al-Raida explores women as perpetrators of crime. However, it seems that female criminality cannot be explored without first understanding female victimization.
IWSAW News
Authors: American University Lebanese
Published: March 2020

The Institute for Women’s Studies in the Arab World (IWSAW) at the Lebanese American University held on February 28 training sessions for 27 Centers of the Ministry of Social Affairs conducted by Ms. Anita Nassar (IWSAW, Program Officer)on the use of the new version of the Basic Living Skills Program (BLSP).
Women's Crimes and the Criminalization of Sex
Authors: Zuhur Sherifa
Published: March 2020

The penal or criminal codes of the Middle East and the Islamic world essentially treat women as reproductive beings whose sexuality must be constrained by men, the family and the state. Those interested in the evolution of laws should take into account the incomplete Islamization of customary or tribal law (`urf, but as this is not monolithic, `a`raf is more accurate) followed by legal codification in most countries that introduced principles of premodern Western laws. These codifications transferred authority over women (and their bodies) from their extended families to their husbands, or governments serving as the guardians of public order.
Proposed Procedures to Fight Discrimination Against Women in Marriage and Inheritance
Authors: Atiyah Sonia Ibrahim
Published: March 2020

Lebanese society is multi-religious. The state legally recognizes 19 sects, leaving to each matters of personal status pertaining to its own community. Thus, each sect isgoverned by different laws and has its own courts to implement them. The different codes discriminate between men and women of the same sect, as well as between men and men and women and women, of different sects. This is in addition to the discrepancies in customs and traditions between the various communities.
Lebanese Women and Discriminatory Legislation: The Case of Nationality Law
Authors: Beydoun Lina Osseiran
Published: March 2020

Nationality is a legal relationship between the individual and the state, but goes beyond that to provide individuals with a sense of belonging, security, and protection, and determines the individual's ability to fully exercise all his/her citizenship rights. Nationality and citizenship are, therefore, interrelated and intertwined.
Mixed Marriage in the Lebanese Law
Authors: Zalzal Marie-Rose
Published: March 2020

According to Lebanese law, a marriage is characterized as mixed when it is contracted between two Lebanese of different confessions or between a Lebanese and a foreigner: The legal system regulating marriage is determined by confessional affiliation for the Lebanese and by national affiliation for the foreigners.
Working Women in Lebanon
Authors: Doughan Iqbal Mourad
Published: March 2020

Social legislation in Lebanon does not date back a long time. It is contemporaneous with the industrial development just prior to and after World War II.Clauses 624-656 of the Law of Obligations and Contracts are the only ones that deal with workers and labor, since economic activity used to be restricted to agriculture. But due to economic prosperity, economic openness, commercialexchange, and the mainstream economic ideas that advocate economic justice and industrial advancement, the need to adopt new laws to organize the conditionsof workers and labor emerged.
Reforming Family Laws to Promote Progress in the Middle East and North Africa
Authors: Moghadam Valentine M. , Roudi-Fahimi Farzaneh
Published: March 2020

The issue of women's rights is gaining prominence in policy debates, as pressure for democracy in the Middle East and North Africa region (MENA) continues to grow.Area experts contend that a larger role for women in the economy and society is vital to the region's progress. But women in MENA still face gender discrimination that prevents them from reaching their potential, despite their impressive gains in education and health.
Islamic Family Law in a Changing World: A Global Resource Book
Authors: Balchin Cassandra
Published: March 2020

By Abdullahi A. An-Na'im, ed. London: Zed Books, 2002As the quintessential identity battleground, family law in Muslim countries and communities is one of the hottest political and developmental topics. Those situated within these contexts constantly find themselves struggling for progressive or (more often than not) against regressive reform, while for those with the outsider's gaze, 'understanding' Muslim communities is currently a major preoccupation.
Women with Disability: the Peculiarity of the Case
Authors: Kabbara Nawaf
Published: March 2020

The question of “Women with Disability” is related to two subjects simultaneously. The first deals with the issue of women’s rights whilst the other deals with the problem of disability and its impact on the identity of the person with a disability. Whereas the literature has lately become quite rich in research and articles about the condition of women and the different aspects of feminist strategies, accomplishments and the empowerment of women, the question of disabled women is still rare and very underdeveloped. As far as the Arab world is concerned, most of its literature deals with disability as a medical and rehabilitation issue given the fact that these writings are being presented by professionals working in the field.
Integrating the Disabled in Schools
Authors: American University Lebanese
Published: March 2020

By by Professor Geryes Khoury
The Diary of a Frightened Girl
Authors: Fayad Mona
Published: March 2020

By Dr. Khawla Abou Baker
Lebanese Masculinities
Authors: Aghacy Samira
Published: March 2020

Dominant discourses surrounding gender tend to promote the view that the human race is naturally divided into male and female, where masculinity is fixed, stable and timeless, and where the natural difference between men and women is sharply emphasized. Nevertheless, gender studies are shifting from exclusive focus on women to a new interest in men, not as a monolithic group with fixed boundaries but rather as men whose masculinity is moulded in particular times and settings. There are no significant studies that treat Arab males as gendered subjects, or products of “social conditioning.”1 Indeed, masculinity in the Arab world is generally treated as timeless and universal.
Recent Publications/Announcement/Films
Authors: American University Lebanese
Published: March 2020

Announcement: From H-Gender-MidEastFilms: And Along Came a SpiderSeason Of MenAll About my Mother
From France
Authors: American University Lebanese
Published: March 2020

From France: Restoring the Clitoris
Female Genital Mutilation and Constructions of Masculinity in Twentieth Century Egypt
Authors: Johnson Amy J. , Greene Zachary D.
Published: March 2020

Masculinity in Egypt has traditionally been in part a function of control of female sexuality; Female Genital Mutilation (FGM) is one instance of this. Likewise notions of femininity have served to encourage FGM among women, as the practice can be interpreted in part as removing or reducing a portion of the female anatomy that is popularly considered more properly male in terms of both structure and function; this has been considered a necessary precondition for marriage. In recent years, as anti-FGM educational campaigns have become more common in Egypt, anecdotal evidence indicates there has been some shifting of these ideas, as educated men sometimes show a preference for “uncircumcised” girls as marriage partners, believing that they will be more sexually responsive.
Kurdish Women in the Zone of Genocide and Gendercide
Authors: Mojab Shahrazad
Published: March 2020

The first political struggles for women’s emancipation coincide with the rise of nations, nationalism, and the nation-state during the bourgeois democratic revolutions of the late eighteenth century. This formation of modern nation states has generally been associated with the use of violence. War, massacre, genocide, and ethnic cleansing are some of the forms of violence used by both premodern and modern states throughout the world. All these forms of violence have been patriarchal. State violence and patriarchal violence have been and still are inseparable.
Iraqi Women After the War
Authors: El-Amin Hazem
Published: March 2020

And now, after the dust of the momentous shift from Saddam Hussein’s Iraq to a new, still undefined Iraq, has started to settle, Iraqi women have started their soul searching all over again. But their past wounds have barely started healing when other wounds started to crack open; wounds from stories that occurred throughout the past decades, stories we are well familiar with, but avoid talking about because of our humanitarian weakness. And these stories we know are just a small part of what really happened.
The Origins of Amazigh Women’s Power in North Africa
Authors: Aït Frawsen Ulbani , Ukerdis L’Hocine
Published: March 2020

The term “Amazigh” denotes the major linguistic minority of North Africa. However, “Berber” still remains the more widely used ethno-linguistic word for them. In antiquity, the Romans and Byzantines used this term to refer to those who did not speak the region’s “lingua franca”, Greek. During and after the arrival of Islam in the seventh century, the Arabs followed this Greco-Roman practice and referred to the indigenous peoples they encountered as “barbar.” The French and English speakers adopted the vulgarised term, “Berber”, and coined the word “Barbary,” with respect to the region of North Africa and its people.
Flights of Fancy: On Settling in a Feminine “Home” in Morocco
Authors: Curtis Maria F.
Published: March 2020

My grandmother, wise like other grandmothers, once told me that life is the stuff that happens while we are making plans. In many ways, this article adheres to her philosophy. When I asked a friend why she had come to Morocco, she told me, “Well, I was just angry in England. I was tired of the people and the society, I needed to go anywhere, and it was just Morocco I ended up going to”. That was a couple of years ago, and she still has not left.
Attitudes Toward Mixed Marriages in Bahrain: The Eroticization of Class
Authors: Nagy Sharon
Published: March 2020

Drawn from two years of ethnographic research amongst foreign residents in Bahrain this paper discusses marriages between Bahraini men and non-Arab women.1 The first half of the paper outlines the entry of non-Arab women into the migrant workforce in Bahrain and the obstacles to marriage between these women and Bahraini men. The second half of the paper discusses the cultural attitudes toward mixed marriages and compares Bahraini-European marriages to Bahraini-Filipina marriages in order to explore the intersections of race and class in shaping attitudes towards mixed marriages. Bahraini-Filipina marriages meet with greater criticism and resistance from the extended family of the groom and the participants are subject to greater stigmatization than are Bahraini-European marriages. This paper illustrates how the current economic and social hierarchies shaping migration to the Arab Gulf influence attitudes of race, class and sexual attractiveness.
The Way it Evolved ...
Authors: Khalaf Mona Chemali
Published: March 2020

No title could have been more suitable for IWSAW’s quarterly publication than Al-Raida (The Pioneer), since IWSAW was the first institute dedicated to women’s issues in the Arab world. After its establishment in 1973, the Institute’s directorship was entrusted to Dr. Julinda Abu Nasr who, from 1973 to 1997, succeeded in maintaining its pioneering role, thanks to her long-term vision and relentless efforts.
The Feminist Movement in the Gulf
Authors: Al-Najjar Sabika Muhammad
Published: March 2020

The feminist movement in the Gulf appeared long after its Egyptian or Bilad al-Sham counterparts. This was due to the weight of social traditions, which denied women presence and participation in public life, and to the delay in starting girls’ education compared to the education of boys. Gulf states did not begin educating girls until after the oil surge, which helped them set the pillars for modern states. The first state school for girls in Bahrain was inaugurated in 1938, over a quarter of a century after the inauguration of the first boys’ school. It was not until the early ‘70s of the past century that girls’ schools were inaugurated or spread in the Sultanate of Oman and some emirates on the Omani Coast (the United Arab Emirates today).
Current Challenges Facing the Arab Women’s Movements
Authors: American University Lebanese
Published: March 2020

The idea for this section arose from the realization that the historical evaluationstudies at the front of the issue needed some counterbalancing appraisal of thepresent. But this need presented us with many problems, among them the numberand diversity of the women’s movements, the small pool of specialists with aregional overview, the difficulty for grassroots activists of extricating themselvessufficiently from day-to-day activities to analyze their situation.
Women and NGOs: Lebanese Women between Doing Justice to Themselves and Serving Others
Authors: Abboud Hosn
Published: March 2020

Nisa’ wa jami’yat:Lubnaniyat beyn Insaf al-dhati wa khidmat al-gheyrBy Azza Sharara Baydoun, (Beirut: Dar al-Nahar, 2002)
Studies About/Published by Women’s Movements in the Arab Region
Authors: American University Lebanese
Published: March 2020

This bibliography is not complete. It is weak in Arabic and French sources, and has nothing in other world languages.)
Harassment, Honour, Gossip, and the Reputation of Young Women in Jordan
Authors: Droeber Julia
Published: March 2020

Salwa, who studies languages at the university, wanted to earn some extra money during the semester break. A friend had given her the address of an office that was looking for a part-time secretary. Although she first had some doubts, she eventually applied for the job (with the approval of her parents) because she desperately needed the money. The office was conveniently located in a huge office building between her home and the university, so that she could easily go there by bus, and go to the library after work.
Recent Publications/Announcement/Films
Authors: American University Lebanese
Published: March 2020

H-Gender-Mideast is an international electronic network for social scientists and humanists interested in scholarly exchange on issues of gender in the Arabic speaking Middle East & North Africa
On Combating Violence Against Women
Authors: Beydoun Azza Sharara
Published: March 2020

This paper was presented in one of the panels of the conference “A Hundred Years since the Liberation of Women”, the Higher Council for Culture, Cairo, 23-28 October 1999.