bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Los efectos de 1968 sobre la historiografía occidental
Authors: Aguirre Rojas Carlos Antonio
Published: October 2018

Cincuenta años después de ese gran “acontecimiento-ruptura” que ha sido el simbólico año de 1968, resulta mucho más fácil tratar de medir y de comprender adecuadamente su verdadera y profunda significación. Porque con la distancia de estas cinco décadas transcurridas, es ahora más claro que 1968 es solamente el punto de concentración, y el reflejo más evidente y espectacular, de un momento más amplio de profundos cambios revolucionarios, que recorren prácticamente todo el planeta y que abarcan lo mismo a la gran Revolución Cultural china desatada en 1966 que al otoño caliente italiano de 1969, pasando obviamente por el célebre mayo francés, la primavera de Praga checoslovaca, la trágica masacre de los estudiantes y de la población mexicana en octubre de 1968, el breve ensayo de insurrección del “Cordobazo” argentino o los distintos movimientos de ocupación de instalaciones en Nueva York o Berkeley en los Estados Unidos, entre tantos y tantos otros.
Profile of physically active elderly women with urinary incontinence
Authors: Silva Gabriela , Krüger Ana Paula , Alves Junior Edmundo , Gurgel Jonas , Camacho Alessandra
Published: October 2018

Objective: To design the profile of active elderly women with urinary incontinence (UI) participating in a physical activity program according to sociodemographic characteristics, health conditions, life habits and conditions associated with urinary loss. Methods: A quantitative, cross-sectional, non-probabilistic study of 59 active elderly women. The elderly woman whose score was ≥ 3 according to the International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire - Short Form (ICIQ-SF) was considered incontinent. A descriptive analysis was performed by calculating the absolute and relative frequencies. Results: Predominant age between 70 and 79 years (44.1%), widows (32.2%), white (59.3%), complete high school (40.6%) and living alone (52.5%) . The largest proportion never smoked (64.4%) or drank (47.5%), it did not fall in the last year (64.4%), hypertensive (55.9%), had between one and three births (71.2%), were overweight (42.4%) and it did not use an intimate protector (67.8%). Urgency UI was more frequent (50.9%), small amount losses (54.3%), frequency ≤ 1 time per week (42.6%), complaint of nocturia (81.4%) and time of UI between 1 and 4 years (64.4%). Conclusion: The study made it possible to design the profile of active elderly women with UI, which in this study resemble those found in the literature. It is important to emphasize the importance of multidisciplinary work in the search for preventive actions and specialized treatments, aiming to maintain and/or improve the quality of life of incontinent elderly.
Optimization of product manufacturability for methods of electrical treatment
Authors: Смоленцев Владислав , Smolentsev Vladislav , Портных Александр , Portnykh Aleksandr , Скрыгин Олег , Skrygin Oleg
Published: October 2018

The peculiarities of manufacturability optimization of designs and produce the machining of which is performed with the use of electro-physical and electro-chemical methods including the combination of different physical effects in a single process are considered.
Pengembangan Sistem Informasi Rencana Studi Berbasis Web Dengan Metode Agile Dan Six Sigma
Authors: FAJRILLAH
Published: October 2018

Keberhasilan dalam mengembangkan aplikasi sistem informasi rencana studi berbasis web dikarenakan saat pengembangan sistem informasi rencana studi langsung berkomunikasi dengan para pengguna sistem sesuai dengan konsep metode agile dan six sigma. Memang semua orang setuju, saat ini tidak ada sistem yang ideal, kita tahu bahwa di dunia ini tidak mudah melakukan sesuatu yang ideal tapi bagaimanapun juga harus membangun perangkat lunak yang lebih dekat ke ideal dengan menerapkan metode agile dan six sigma. Berpedoman pada pendekatan metode six sigma memudahkan tugas dan mengurangi kesulitan ketika mengembangkan perangkat lunak dengan metode agile. Mahasiswa, staf akademik, dan pimpinan, berkerja sama dengan baik akan memenuhi kebutuhan sistem akademik yang baik.
STUDI METODE PENELITIAN CAMPURAN UNTUK MENGHASILKAN SOLUSI DAN INOVASI DI BIDANG SI/TI AGAR DAPAT MENINGKATKAN DAYA SAING
Authors: FAJRILLAH
Published: October 2018

Dalam penelitian yang terpenting adanya masalah, tanpa adanya masalah maka tidak ada penelitian. Berawal dari masalah sehingga terbentuk rumusan masalah. Penelitian adalah merupakan bagian pemecahan masalah sehingga memberi solusi dan inovasi terbaik. Penelitian memiliki metodologi penelitian yaitu metode kualitatif dan metode kuantitatif. Pada bidang sistem informasi (SI)/teknologi informasi (TI) dalam proses pengembangan perangkat lunak memiliki beberapa model proses pengembangan perangkat lunak, tetapi tidak menjamin perangkat lunak begitu selesai dimanfaatkan secara optimal. Penelitian ini melakukan studi terhadap gabungan metode penelitian yang ada dengan istilah metode penelitian campuran di bidang SI/TI untuk menghasilkan penelitian yang memberi solusi dan inovasi penggunaan teknologi informasi secara optimal, terutama pada pengembangan perangkat lunak.
First approximation to the Gravettian shell bead assemblage from Cova Foradada
Authors: García-Argudo Gala , Morales Juan I , Cebrià Artur , Fullola Josep M.
Published: October 2018

The main goal of this paper is to approach the techno-cultural behaviour of the Gravettian groups in NE Iberia through the study of the shell ornaments. Here we present the archaeo-malacological assemblage recovered at the Early Upper Palaeolithic sequence of Foradada Cave (Calafell, Tarragona). Recent excavations have uncovered a stratigraphic sequence formed by three main layers corresponding to the Late Pleistocene. The patterns of thearchaeological record points to short and ephemeral human occupations, while most of the time the cave is occupied by medium and large size carnivores.The techno-typology and the first chronological approaches place these occupations along the Middle-to-Upper Palaeolithic transition, from the Chatelperronian to the Gravettian. The uppermost of these layers has provided a malacological assemblage composed of more than 160 shell beads that were mostly recovered in less than 1m2. A ?first direct AMS C14 age on a single Homalopoma sanguineum specimen date this layer ca.31 kyr cal BP, consistent with an attribution to the Early Gravettian.Traditionally the studies of perforation technology of shell beads have been based on subjective methods, like the typological characterization of their morphologies. Trying to overcome this, we have developed a 2D outline characterization of the perforations through an Elliptical Fourier Analysis. This test allows the preliminary evaluation of the shape differences between the species and their diferential technological management. To semi-automatically process the large amount data generated, the software package SHAPE has been used.The perforation techniques and suspension systems (as well as the use-wear traces) have been analysed first by digital microscopy equipment, allowing to create 3D models of the perforations. Later Environmental Scanning Electron Microscope (ESEM) was used to identify polished areas and wear features. Most of the ornaments are smeared in red ochre. The residue analysis was performed first visually with the digital microscope, and then complemented with the ESEM Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy.The further development of this work will allow to understand the role of shell beads as a group identity marker in the NE Iberia coastline during the Early Upper Palaeolithic.
Raspberry Pi based pH Control for Nutrient Film Hydroponic System
Authors: Singgeta Ryan Laksmana , Chang Yeong-Hwa , Lin Hung-Wei
Published: October 2018

This paper presents an automated hydroponic system, where a Raspberry Pi is used to maintain the pH level in the presence of time-delay. The Ziegler-Nichols method is used for tuning the parameters of the PID controller. Moreover, a Web user interface is developed to control, monitor, and record the pH level, temperature, and water level. Experimental results illustrate that the required pH level can be attained by the proposed control scheme.
PENGARUH KOMUNIKASI PEMASARAN TERPADU DAN KOMITMEN TERHADAP LOYALITAS NASABAH
Authors: Siregar Hasrul
Published: October 2018

This study aims to determine the effect of integrated marketing communication and commitment to customer loyalty deposits of PT Bank DBS Indonesia. The research method used is quantitative descriptive research. Data collection techniques with questionnaires. Population and sample in the study amounted to 112 respondents. The results of the discussion are explained that shows that integrated marketing communication and commitment have a positive and significant influence on customer loyalty deposits of PT Bank DBS Indonesia. The magnitude of the determination coefficient Adjusted R Square of 0.266 means that the independent variable consisting of integrated marketing communication and commitment can explain customer loyalty by 26.6% and the remaining 73.4% explained other variables not included in the research model, such as product quality, brand image , quality of service and so on.
Reformasi Birokrasi di Era Desentralisasi
Authors: Habibi Muhammad
Published: October 2018

Indonesia dapat dikatakan merupakansalah satu negara yang memiliki sistem politik yang menggerakkan birokrasi sebagai salah satu aktor utama dalam segala kegiatan politik. Terlebih lagi pada masa Orde Baru, birokrasi merupakansatu-satunya lembaga yang dapat melaksanakan kegiatan politik secara mandiri, dimana hampir semua kegiatan masyarakat di kontrol dan dikendalikan oleh birokrasi. Hal tersebut menunjukkan bahwa setiap proses pembuatan kebijakan di Indonesia bersifat birokratik.
Osteohistology of the hadrosauroid (Dinosauria: Ornithopoda) from Labirinta cave, Bulgaria: An example of insular dwarfism or simply young giant?
Authors: Nikolov Vladimir Georgiev
Published: October 2018

The hadrosauroid remains from Kajlâka Formation (Upper Maastrichtian) limestones of the Labirinta Cave, NW Bulgaria, are most interesting for their small size but without paleohistological data it was not possible to affirm whether they belong to young individual/s or to small-sized mature animal/s. To elucidate their histology and ontogenetic state, 6 associated cortical fragments and one partial diaphysis were sectioned and studied. Thin-sections reveal cortex build of highly vascularized tissues of the woven-parallel complex. Vascularization patterns are somewhat intermediate between those of derived hadrosauroids and non-hadrosauroid ornithopods, yet characterized by thick sequences of laminar bone. Bone tissue matrix consists largely of parallel-fibered or lamellar bone tissue. Cortical tissues are affected by processes of secondary remodeling that locally results in dense Haversian tissue reaching the subperiosteal cortex. No growth marks or external fundamental system are observed in any of the specimens. The transition from bone tissues with predominantly longitudinally oriented osteons to true laminar bone, the thickness of the latter, the extensive secondary bone remodeling and Haversian tissue with at least 3 generations of secondary osteons, as well as the presence of endosteal bone in one of studied specimens all suggest that the material pertains to animal/s at a late sub-adult ontogenetic stage. The high presence of parallel-fibered and lamellar tissues in the cortex indicates significantly slower growth rates in comparison with similarly sized but ontogenetically younger derived hadrosauroids. The osteohistology of the Bulgarian hadrosauroid reveals yet another example of dinosaurian insular dwarfism in latest Cretaceous European archipelago.
Often claimed, rarely tested: differences in individual drug response
Authors: Homan Stephanie , Leucht Stefan , Kane John M. , Homan Philipp
Published: October 2018

An assumption among clinicians and researchers is that patients with schizophrenia vary considerably in their response to antipsychotic drugs in randomized clinical trials (RCTs). To evaluate the overall variation in individual treatment response from random variation by comparing the variability between treatment and control groups. DATA SOURCES Cochrane Schizophrenia, MEDLINE/PubMed, Embase, PsycINFO, Cochrane CENTRAL, BIOSIS Previews, ClinicalTrials.gov, and World Health Organization International Clinical Trials Registry Platform from January 1, 1955, to December 31, 2016. Double-blind, placebo-controlled, RCTs of adults with a diagnosis of schizophrenia spectrum disorders and prescription for licensed antipsychoticdrugs. Means and SDs of the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale pretreatmentand posttreatment outcome difference scores were extracted. Data quality and validity were ensured by following the PRISMA guidelines. The outcome measurewas the overall variability ratio of treatment to control in ameta-analysis across RCTs. Individual variability ratios were weighted by the inverse-variance method and entered into a random-effects model. A personal element of response was hypothesized to be reflected by a substantial overall increase in variability in the treatment group compared with the control group. An RCT was simulated, comprising 30 patients with schizophrenia randomized to either the treatment or the control group. The different components of variation in RCTs were illustrated with simulated data. In addition, we assessed the variability ratio in 52 RCTs involving 15 360 patients with a schizophrenia or schizoaffective diagnosis. The variability was slightly lower in the treatment compared with the control group (variability ratio = 0.97; 95% CI, 0.95-0.99; P = .01). In this study, no evidence was found in RCTs that antipsychotic drugs increased the outcome variance, suggesting no personal element of response to treatment but instead indicating that the variance was slightly lower in the treatment group than in the control group; although the study cannot rule out that subsets of patients respond differently to treatment, it suggests that the averagetreatment effect is a reasonable assumption for the individual patient.
Where There's Smoke, There's Fire: Error Management Theory as a Framework for the Perception of Heterosexist Microaggressions
Authors: Moroz Sarah , Campbell Lorne
Published: October 2018

Microaggressions are subtle behaviours that communicate messages of hostility to members of stigmatized groups based on their identity. The current work assess the perception of microaggressions through the lens of Error Management Theory, framing microaggressions as potential warning signs for stigmatized groups. Heterosexual and sexual minority participants were exposed to descriptions of “ambiguous” situations in which classic heterosexist microaggressions were enacted, and asked to report on how this behaviour affected them. Results showed that sexual minority participants interpreted these behaviours quite differently than heterosexual participants; they reported more negative feelings in response to the situation and indicated that the situation had impacted them more significantly. Further, they were more likely to identify the behaviour as being discriminatory. These effects were not moderated by past experiences with discrimination. These results, consistent with Error Management Theory, suggest that sexual minorities may be more sensitive to microaggressive scenarios as a means of mitigating risk.
Adults are more efficient in creating and transmitting novel signalling systems than children
Authors: Kempe Vera , Gauvrit Nicolas , Gibson Alison , Jamieson Margaret
Published: October 2018

Iterated language learning experiments have shown that meaningful and structured signalling systems emerge when there is pressure for signals to be both learnable and expressive. Yet such experiments have mainly been conducted with adults using language-like signals. Here we explore whether structured signalling systems can also emerge when signalling domains are unfamiliar and when the learners are children with their well-attested cognitive and pragmatic limitations. In Experiment 1, we compared iterated learning of binary auditory sequences denoting small sets of meanings in chains of adults and 5-7-year old children. Signalling systems became more learnable even though iconicity and structure did not emerge despite applying a homonymy filter designed to keep the systems expressive. When the same types of signals were used in referential communication by adult and child dyads in Experiment 2, only the adults, but not the children, were able to negotiate shared iconic and structured signals. Referential communication using their native language by 4-5-year old children in Experiment 3 showed that only interaction with adults, but not with peers resulted in informative expressions. These findings suggest that emergence and transmission of communication systems is unlikely to be driven by children, and point to the importance of cognitive maturity and pragmatic expertise of learners as well as feedback-based scaffolding of communicative effectiveness by experts during language evolution.
The Rise of Political Islam in Turkey: The Role of Socio-Psychological Factors
Authors: Hasanov Eldar T.
Published: October 2018

What are the underlying causes of the spectacular rise of political Islam in Turkey? The factors behind the rise of Islamism in Turkey remain the subject of intense scholarly debate. There are interesting relationships between the rise of Islamism and preceding changes in population dynamics in Turkey. Rapid urbanization and large-scale migration of Kurds and other ethnic minorities from the east of the county to major cities in the west created a situation when Kemalist ideology, that was based on Turkish nationalism and secularism, could not continue to play its nation-building role anymore. The changes in demographics created a need for a social transformation that can bring people with different ethnic identities together based on a shared aspect of their identity. There was a need for a bond that can link members of different ethnic groups to one another and to the country as a whole. This need found its realization in Islamism because the main shared aspect of the identity of the majority of ethnic Turks and Kurds is their religion - Sunni Islam. Islamism offered a sense of a new superseding identity that helped to restrain existing Turkish, Kurdish and other ethnic identities and helped to reconcile and stabilize social relationships by reducing ethnic antagonism, tension and potential conflict. This new consolidating mechanism helped to create a state of a strong and substantial common ground between different ethnic groups concentrated in major metropolitan areas of Turkey. The rise of political Islam in Turkey was the political consequence of changing social preferences and motivation that resulted in inventing the reason for the social and political change, without recognizing and acknowledging the real underlying motives behind it.
Etiological Profile of Atrial Fibrillation (AF) In Nepalgunj Medical College: A Hospital Based Study
Authors: Kidwai A
Published: October 2018

Introduction: Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the commonest cardiac arrhythmia encountered in clinical practice. The hall mark sign of atrial fibrillation is an irregular rhythm in ECG with no obvious P wave. In Western countries, Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) is the commonest cause of AF. Plenty of data and studies are available regarding the epidemiology and etiology of AF in the Western Population but similar studies and data in Nepal are scarce. This study was therefore conducted with an objective to establish the etiological profile of atrial fibrillation patients in mid western Nepal.Materials and Methods: This was a hospital based study, carried out in the Department of Internal Medicine, Nepalgunj Medical College Teaching Hospital, Nepalgunj, for a duration of 1 year from th th 14 September 2013 to 13 September 2014. A total of 74 consecutive cases diagnosed as AF were included in the study on the basis of inclusion and exclusion criteria.Results: A total of 74 consecutive patients were included in the study. The mean age of the subjects was 39.2 years. The majority of the subjects were below 50 years of age (70.27%). There were only 2 subjects below 19 and 3 patients above 70 years of age. Out of the 74 patients 52(70.2%) were from the age group of below 50 years of age. In western countries the incidence is higher in the elder population. Rheumatic heart disease was the most common etiology in this study with a total of 29 (39.2%) cases. CAD in our study was seen in 12 patients (16.2%). Overall structural heart disease was seen in 64(86.5%) cases and in the rest of the cases echocardiography was normal.Conclusion: This study has shown that the etiological profile of AF is different in patients attending our hospital situated in mid-western Nepal from western countries. Unlike the western countries AF is more common in the younger age group and the most common etiology in Nepal is RHD, whereas in western countries it is CAD.JNGMC, Vol. 14 No. 2 December 2016, Page: 23-25
Evaluation of Febrile Seizures in NGMC And Assessment of Risk Factors For Recurrences
Authors: KM Roma , Pyakurel Manita , Ranhotra Anoop Singh , Kanodia Piush , Ahmad Shakeel , Gupta Veena
Published: October 2018

Background: Febrile seizures (FS) are commonly confronted pediatric emergencies in the age group of 6 months to five years. Recurrences of febrile seizures are common. The objective of this study was to evaluate febrile seizures and identification of risk factors for recurrence of febrile seizures in children.Methods: This is a prospective hospital based study conducted in the Department of Pediatrics at Nepalgunj Medical College from July 2015 to June 2016, between age group of 6 months to 5 years meeting inclusion criteria. A complete history, detailed neurological examination and necessary investigations were done. Statistical analysis was computed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) 16 version.Results: A total number of 72 children with febrile seizure were included in the study. Among them 49 (68%) were males and 23 (32%) were females. Maximum cases i.e. 43(60%) were in the age group of 7 months to 2 years and p value was 0.02 followed by 20(27%) in the age group of 2 years to 3.5 years and minimum were in the age group of 3.5-5 years i. e 9(13%). Simple febrile seizure was seen in 45(63%) and complex febrile seizures was seen in 27(37%). Recurrence of seizure was present in 13(18%) patients. Most common precipitating factor for febrile seizure was upper respiratory tract infection seen in 51(71%) followed by lower tract respiratory infection in 8(11%), acute gastroenteritis in 5(7%) and others 8(11%). Generalized tonic clonic seizures (GTCS) were most common present in 56(78%) patients.Conclusions: Febrile seizures are common amongst male children. Risk of febrile seizures decreases with age. One fourth of children with febrile seizures are at risk for recurrence. Generalized tonic clonic seizures are found to be predominant type of febrile seizures. Most common risk factor for febrile seizure was upper respiratory tract infections (URTI). JNGMC, Vol. 14 No. 2 December 2016, Page: 30-33
Intermittent Self Dilation – An Option For The Prevention of Urethral Stricture Recurrence After Filliform Follower Urethral Dilation
Authors: Shrestha N M
Published: October 2018

Background: Urethral stricture and its recurrence is still a major problem in male. Several procedures are present for the treatment of the disease. Lapides introduced the concept of intermittent self dilatation (ISD) which has decreased the incidence of recurrence of urethral stricture if doing properly. The aim of the this study was to report the outcomes of ISD for the treatment of urethral stricture after Filliform follower urethral dilatation (FFUD).Method: This was a prospective comparative study, conducted in the department of surgery, urology unit from March 2013 to February 2016. Total of 49 patients were enrolled and were randomly divided into Group A and Group B. In Group A, all the patients were taught ISD with Nelaton Catheter after FFUD. In group B, all patients underwent only FFUD for urethral stricture. In both groups, Foley's catheter was removed after 2 weeks of FFUD. These patients who had difficulty In passing urine or having lower urinary tract syndrome after removal of catheter, were evaluated for urethral stricture recurrency by clinical symptoms, ultrasonography, urine test for culture and sensitivity, cystoscopy/urethrogram as necessarily.Result: In Group A, 4 patients out of 20(20%)developed urethral stricture recurrency where as in Group B,18 patients out of 23 (78.26%) developed urethral stricture recurrency. Therefore, the rate of urethral stricture recurrence is significantly more in group B than the Group A (p< 0.001).Conclusion: ISD is an effective way for the prevention of urethtral stricture recurrence after FFUD. JNGMC,  Vol. 14 No. 2 December 2016, Page: 38-40
Profile of Hand Surgery Cases at Kirtipur Hospital
Authors: Karki Bikash , Nakarmi Kiran , Magar Mangal Gharti , Nagarkoti Krishna , Rai Shankar Man
Published: October 2018

Background: There can be multiple hand problems with which patients can present. Such hand problems can be because of any kind of trauma, birth defects, tumours, infection or other conditions. Hand surgery is a special field of plastic surgery, which deals with these hand problems. The Department of Burns, Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery of Kirtipur Hospital run by Public Health Concern Trust-Nepal has been providing hand surgery service to the patients with these hand problems.Aim of Study: To analyse the various types of surgical hand problems in patients attending Kirtipur Hospital.Material and Methods: It is a cross sectional retrospective  observational study of the patients with different hand problems done at the Department of Burns, Plastic & Reconstructive surgery of Kirtipur Hospital from January to December 2016.Results: There were 124 patients who presented with various hand problems. There was male preponderance and the most common age group affected was between 15-60 years. Hand trauma was the most common cause of hand problems followed by post burn contractures.Conclusion: Hand is a complicated organ which can give rise to various problems. Hand surgery is an essential component of reconstructive surgery to deal with these problems. JNGMC,  Vol. 14 No. 2 December 2016, Page: 41-43
Study Of Nutrient Foramina In Adult Human Femur Bones
Authors: Gupta Anil Kumar , Ambekar M. N.
Published: October 2018

Background: The role of nutrient foramen (NF) in nutrition and growth of the bones is evident from term Nutrient itself. The nutrient foramen is opening of nutrient canal on the surface of shaft of the bone which conducts the nutrient artery and the peripheral nerves to bones. Long bones receive most of the interosseous blood supply (70% to 80%) from the nutrient arteries and remaning (20% to 30%) through the periosteal vessels. Nutrient arteries play an important role in nutrition and growth of the bones particularly during early phases of ossification and growth. The present study is of great importance to orthopedic surgeons in planning repair of fracture, amputation and bone grafting procedures.Aim and objective of study: A study regarding nutrient foramina in femur was not conducted in the past in Nepal. Its importance in orthopedic procedures has inspired us to undertake this study.Materials and methods: This study was conducted on 100 adult dry femur bones (50 right and 50 left). All the important parameters were studied using osteometric board, vernier calipers, and needles of different gauges.Results: Mean distance of nutrient foramen from upper end was 18.09 cms. The most common location of NF was on lateral surface 58.8%. In 71% femur only one NF was seen, while 25% had two NF, 1% femur had three NF and 3% femur had no NFs. In 64.5% femur big size or dominant NFs were seen in present study.Conclusions: The findings of this study on nutrient foramen adds to the information from studies in the past by other authors. The fact that maximum number of the nutrient foramina are present in the middle third of the shaft of the femur is of clinical importance for proper diagnosis, planning of surgery and predict the prognosis. JNGMC,  Vol. 14 No. 2 December 2016, Page: 44-49
Neonatal Outcome Among Adolescent and Adult Pregnancy in a Tertiary Care Center of Nepal
Authors: Adhikari Jyoti , Kharel Shristi , Bahl Lalita , Poudel Deepal , K.C. Rajesh
Published: October 2018

Background: Teenage pregnancy is a common public health problem worldwide which is detrimental to the health of mother and child and has long been considered a high-risk situation. The risk of low birth weight (LBW) and preterm delivery is particularly high among teenagers.Methods: A comparative study was conducted in Nepalgunj Medical College Teaching Hospital, Kohalpur during the period of July 2015 to June 2016. The study was carried out to compare the immediate neonatal outcome and morbidity pattern in neonates of 50 adolescent and 50 adult mothers.Results: In the present study, 84% belonged to adolescent mother group (17-19 years) whereas 50% belonged to adult mother group (20-23 years). Illiteracy was seen more in adolescent mothers (62%) and most were from rural areas (68%). The common immediate neonatal outcome found in adolescent and adult mothers were preterm delivery (96% vs. 52%; p value 0.001), low birth weight (LBW) (70% vs. 38%; p value 0.001). The common neonatal morbidities seen significantly high in neonates of adolescent mothers, viz: Neonatal sepsis (NNS)(54% vs. 20% p value <0.02), apnea (30% vs. 14% P value <0.02), neonatal jaundice(NNJ)(44% vs. 30% p value <0.01) while the other morbidities found were birth asphyxia (20% vs. 14%; p value <0.1), Respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) (36% vs. 24% p value<0.1), anemia (16% vs. 8%; p value <0.1), seizure (10% vs. 8%; p value <0.1), meconium aspiration syndrome (MAS) (6% vs. 18%; p value<0.1) and intrauterine growth retardation(IUGR)(22% vs. 20%; p value <0.5). Similarly mortality was found to be more in neonates of adolescent mothers (14% vs. 8%; p value <0.1).Conclusion: Adolescent pregnant mothers are at risk of having poor neonatal outcome and morbidities like NNS, NNJ, RDS, apnea, IUGR, birth asphyxia, anemia and seizure. JNGMC,  Vol. 14 No. 2 December 2016, Page: 56-59
Comparative Study of Intralesional Dexamethasone Plus Hyaluronidase & Oral Colchicine in Patients with Oral Submucous Fibrosis
Authors: Neupane Ganesh Prasad , Rai Maya , Rathore R. S. , Bhargava V. K. , Mahat A. K. , Dhami D. B.
Published: October 2018

Introduction: Oral Submucous Fibrosis (OSMF) is a precancerous condition of the oral mucosa. It is characterized by excessive production of collagen leading to inelasticity of the oral mucosa and atrophic changes of the epithelium.Aim and objective: To evaluate the efficacy of oral Colchicine in comparison to intralesional injections of Dexamethasone plus Hyaluronidase in the management of OSMF patients.Materials and Methods: Fourty patients with OSMF were randomly divided equally into two groups. 20 patients in Dexamethasone group received biweekly intralesional injections of Dexamethasone (4mg/ml) plus Hyaluronidase 1500 IU in buccal mucosa for a period of 12 weeks. Other 20 patients in Colchicine group received oral Colchicine 0.5 mg tablets twice daily for 12 weeks. Parameters taken in the study were burning sensation, and mouth opening. Descriptive statistics, paired t test and unpaired t test were used for statistical analysis.Results and Conclusions: The pre- and post-treatment differences were found to be statistically significant for both the groups (p<0.001) and for both the treatment outcomes. When the average difference of the treatment outcomes was compared between the two study groups, statistically highly significant difference was noted (p <0.001) only in mouth opening but not in burning sensation.These encouraging results should prompt further clinical trials with Colchicine on a larger sample size to broaden the therapeutic usefulness of the drug in the management of OSMF. JNGMC,  Vol. 14 No. 2 December 2016, Page: 60-65
Teachers Training in Medical Colleges - Need of the Hour
Authors: Mishra S M
Published: October 2018

Not available.JNGMC,  Vol. 14 No. 2 December 2016, Page: 1-1
Central-Local Relations in Flanders
Authors: De Ceuninck Koenraad , Reynaert Herwig
Published: October 2018

The scale of Flemish municipalities keeps dominating the political agenda in Flanders. In recent years the Flemish government has stimulated the municipalities to merge on a voluntary basis. If they do so, they can receive more competences and strengthen their position. However, this policy has not generated any success so far. In this paper the authors place these efforts in a historical perspective, before addressing the current policy in Flanders concerning scale and decentralisation. In the final part of the paper the authors introduce some foreign experiences with scale and decentralisation. It is remarkable that the current debate in Flanders does not stand on its own. The authors try to determine what lessons Flanders can learn from these foreign experiences.
Status of Serbian Towns in the Light of Recent Efforts Towards a National Decentralisation Strategy
Authors: Milosavljević Bogoljub , Jerinić Jelena
Published: October 2018

Decentralisation has been recognised as one of the key
priorities of the 2014 Serbian Public Administration Reform
Strategy. To that end, the Serbian Government has
taken steps towards preparing a national decentralisation
strategy. Serbia has a single-level and almost completely
monotype structure of local government, in which towns
have the same organisation of bodies, and almost identical
competences as municipalities do, including some minimal
exceptions for the Town of Belgrade, as the country’s capital.
In the light of the ongoing discussions on decentralisation in general and, more specifically, on the reform of the
local government system, the authors comment on some
of the issues in the centre of that discussion, particularly
those relating to the status of towns in general and the status
of the capital, and provide proposals for possible overall
reforms of the local government system. Consequently,
these issues will be analysed from the perspective of the
need to alter the current constitutional framework.
Decentralisation of City Administration and Competences of Decentralised City Units
Authors: Vučetić Dejan
Published: October 2018

A balanced city system, coordination, and cooperation between
city units are necessary preconditions for effective
governance, as well as for avoiding internal imbalances and
underdevelopment. The first part the paper focuses on the
legal position of inner city units in European cities (primarily
those in Central Europe), with specific reference to the
effectiveness of administration and democratic processes.
The second part analyses city administration and competences
of city units in Serbian cities, internally divided into
city municipalities. Neither Serbian local government regulations
nor legal theory have sufficiently defined the legal
nature and position of city municipalities. The analysis focuses
on the statutes regulating the internal organisation of
six cities for the purpose of examining the administrative
bodies and competences of city municipalities. These statutes
do not regulate all the issues necessary for the successful
operation of city municipalities; moreover, some
municipalities exist only in statutes and not in reality.
Constitutional Position and Territorial Organisation of Local Self-Government in Bosnia and Herzegovina
Authors: Mujakić Muhamed
Published: October 2018

In addition to analysing the constitutional and normative
framework of local self-government in Bosnia and Herzegovina,
the paper aims to establish normative and other
shortcomings of the existing system of local self-government.
It also offers proposals for improving its efficiency
and quality, bringing it in line with the best existing European
practices. The paper presents and critically assesses
the status of local self-government in the three constitutional
units of Bosnia and Herzegovina, namely the Federation
of Bosnia and Herzegovina, the Srpska Republic, and
the Brčko District.
Urban Governance and Institutions in the Developed and Developing Worlds
Authors: Sellers Jefferey M.
Published: October 2018

Institutions and their historical dynamics are indispensable to understanding how the contemporary urban politics of developing world democracies differs from the present day urban politics of the developed world. The paper sketches the outline of a comparative historical account of how the local government institutions that have become familiar among the cities of developed democracies have emerged. Then, it shows how examination of institutional arrangements in the cities of contemporary developing democracies from the same broadly comparative perspective illuminates important differences between urban politics there from contemporary processes in the cities of developed countries. These reflections point to the need to bring a deeper historical understanding to comparisons
of urban governance and politics across the divide between developed
country democracies and the new democracies of the developing world. Across the developed and developing worlds, the variations in institutions and state-society relations are as important as any global commonalities. In developing and transitional democracies, efforts at local state building confront conflicts that their counterparts in earlier democratizing countries did not. These conflicts stem partly from trajectories of institutional development that have left local government capacities weak, but also from the demands of urban movements that have helped bring about democratization, and arisen in its wake. The accumulating agendas of the policy state at the local level have imposed greater expectations for local governance that have in turn helped spark civic and political action, including protest. The resulting tensions have helped make local governance infrastructures as central to the politics of contemporary developing countries as they have long been to their counterparts in the developed world.
Electrical transport phenomena in nanostructured porous-silicon films
Authors: Vásquez-A. M. A. , Romero-Paredes G. , Peña-Sierra Ramón
Published: October 2018

The charge transport mechanisms in nanostructured porous silicon (PS) films were studied through current-voltage (I-V) measurements of planar Au/PS/Au structures at 300 K. The films were formed by electrochemical etching of 1-5 Ω-cm p-type Si (100) wafers producing PS layers of 4.48 x 109 Ω-cm. The charge transport is limited both by the space charge limited currents (SCLC) and the carrier trapping-detrapping kinetics in the inherent localized PS energy levels. I-V characteristics evolve according to the trapping-detrapping carrier kinetics in the PS films showing that the electrical current can be controlled by applying external electric fields. An equivalent trap filling limiting voltage (VTFL) was identified that shifts between 1 and 3 volts by the carrier trapping-detrapping kinetics from the PS intrinsic defect states. An energy band diagram for the PS films is schematically depicted including the influence of the intrinsic PS defect states. To give a reasonable explanation of the found behavior the existence of a thin silicon oxide film covering the network-like-silicon-nanocrystallites is required, in agreement with the widely accepted PS structural models.
Modulation of argon pressure as an option to control transmittance and resistivity of ZnO:Al films deposited by DC magnetron sputtering: on the dark yellow films at 10-7 Torr base pressures
Authors: García Valenzuela Jorge Alberto , Cabrera-German Dagoberto , Cota-Leal Marcos , Suárez-Campos Guillermo , Martínez-Gil Miguel , Romo-García Frank , Baez-Gaxiola Martha Raquel , Sotelo-Lerma Mérida , Andreu Jordi , Bertomeu Joan
Published: October 2018

In a previous paper, we reported that thin films of ZnO:Al [aluminum-zinc oxide (AZO)] deposited after achieving a very low base pressure [from 4.0×10–7 Torr (5.6×10–5 Pa) to 5.7×10–7 Torr (7.6×10–5 Pa)] result dark yellow in color and are resistive. These are undesirable characteristics for the application of AZO thin films as front electrodes in solar cells. However, given the increasingly tendency in the acquisition of equipment that allow us to reach excellent vacuum levels, it is necessary to find the deposition conditions that lead to an improving of transmittance without greatly impacting the electrical properties of materials deposited after achieving these levels of vacuum. In this way, the present work is focused on AZO thin films deposited after achieving a very low base pressure value: 4.2×10–7 Torr (5.6×10–5 Pa). For this, we studied the effect of the variation of the oxygen volume percent in the argon/oxygen mixture (by maintaining the deposition pressure constant) and the effect of deposition pressure with only argon gas on the main properties of AZO thin films. The depositions were done at room temperature on glass substrates by direct-current magnetron sputtering with a power of 120 W (corresponding to a power density of 2.63 W/cm2). As results, we found that the variation of deposition pressure with only argon gas is a good option for the control of optical and electrical properties, since the addition of oxygen, although improves transmittance, greatly impacts on the electrical properties. Furthermore, an interesting correlation was found between the optical and electrical properties and the chemical composition of the AZO films, the latter depending on the argon pressure (for this, a careful X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis was performed). Also, the inverse relationship between crystallinity and deposition rate was confirmed, in which deposition rate inversely depends on argon pressure.
Casimir Energy in a Bounded Gross-Neveu model
Authors: Rojas Juan Cristóbal
Published: October 2018

In this letter, we study some relevant parameters of the massless Gross-Neveu (GN) model in afinite spatial dimension for different boundary conditions. It is considered the standard homogeneousHartree-Fock solution using zeta function regularization for the study the mass dynamically generated and its respective beta function. It is found that the beta function does not depend on the boundary conditions. On the other hand, it was considered the Casimir effect of the resulting effective theory. There appears a complex picture where the sign of the generated forces depends on the parameters used in the study.
Cosmological analysis of a Dvali-Gabadadze-Porrati stable model with H(z) observations
Authors: Bárcenas Gabriela , Escamilla Celia , García Aspeitia Miguel Ángel
Published: October 2018

In this paper, we will present a Dvali-Gabadadze-Porrati stable model in order to perform an observational test using $H(z)$ data and radial BAO scale in the galaxy distribution. In this vein, we study the tension between constraints on the cosmological constant $\Lambda$ and the crossover scale $r_c$, which is associated with the DGP model. Our results show that observations do not favor the DGP stable model as a possible candidate to fit to the observations of the late cosmic acceleration.
Electronic excitation of atoms by positron impact using the scaling Born approach
Authors: Lino AOE
Published: October 2018

We consider the efficacy of the scaling Born positron (SBP) approach, in calculating reliable integral cross sections (ICS) for positron impact excitation of electronic states in atoms. We will demonstrate, using specific examples as H, He, Hg, and Mg, that this relatively simple procedure can generate quite accurate ICS when compared with more sophisticated methods. In the absence of the experimental data, comparisons are made with analogous electron scattering.
Peculiarities of some classical variational treatments using the maximum entropy principle
Authors: Plastino Angelo
Published: October 2018

We study some peculiarities of the classical variational treatment that applies Jaynes’ maximum entropy principle. The associated variational treatment is usually called MaxEnt. We deal with it in connection with thermodynamics’ reciprocity relations. Two points of view are adopted: (A) One of them is purely abstract, concerned solely with ascertaining compliance of the variational solutions with the reciprocity relations in which one does not need here to have explicit values for the Lagrange multipliers. The other, (B) is a straightforward variation process in which one explicitly obtains the specific values of these multipliers. We focus on the so called q-entropy because it illustratesa situation in which the above two approaches yield different results. We detect an information loss in extracting the explicit form of the normalization-associated Lagrange multipliers.
A study of thermodynamic properties of quadratic exponential-type potential in D-dimensions
Authors: Okorie Uduakobong Sunday
Published: October 2018

We solved the Schrodinger equation with Quadratic Exponential-Type Potential (QEP) model in D-dimensions using the Modified factorization method. The energy eigenvalues and total wavefunctions were obtained in a Gauss hypergeometric form. The thermodynamic properties including vibrational partition function, vibrational mean energy, vibrational mean free energy and vibrational entropy have been calculated for the electronic state of (X1 Σ +g) Rubidium (Rb2) dimer. The QEP discussed can be applied extensively in Physics and Chemistry, especially in molecular dynamics.
Tunable Linear Fiber Laser Cavity Based on a Twisted Mechanical Long Period Grating
Authors: Estudillo-Ayala Julian Moises
Published: October 2018

The present manuscript shows linear cavity fiber laser experimental analysis. The fiber laser arrangement, use an all fiber mechanical long period grating (MLPG) to control single and dual laser emission.  Here, single laser emission centered at 1562nm with a signal to noise ratio of 27dB and a linewidth less than 0.1nm is obtained and tuned from 1562nm to 1546nm, by twisted a conventional section of single mode fiber that was set into the MLPG. Thus, when the twist is around 120º dual emission is obtained with centered wavelengths at 1533nm and 1546nm, these emissions can be switched between them when the twist is incremented and the peak centered at 1546nm is tuned in backward direction. The proposed laser offers wavelength and power stability with minimal variations of   0.5dB and 0.5nm respectively.  This laser can be applied in several fields such as sensing, optical signal analysis and optical communications.
Magnetohydrodynamic Jeffrey nanoliquid flow with thermally radiative Newtonian heat and mass species
Authors: Shehzad Sabir Ali
Published: October 2018

This study characterizes the properties of Newtonian heat and mass species conditions in three-dimensional Jeffrey nanoliquid flow generated by the movement of thermally radiative surface. The liquid flow is electrically conducting through the consideration of magnetic field. The aspects of heat absorption, generation and thermal radiation are considered in the equation of energy conservation. The boundary layer phenomenon is employed to obtain the mathematical expressions of considered physical model. These equations are solved via homotopic scheme. The convergence of homotopic solutions is validated by the numerical data. The importance of physical constraints on temperature and nanoparticle concentration of liquid is visualized by the graphical results.