bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Geosynthetic-reinforced pile-supported embankments: state of the art
Authors: van Eekelen S. J. M. , Han J.
Published: January 2020

Geosynthetic-reinforced pile-supported embankments have been increasingly used worldwide to support earth structures. A significant amount of research has been conducted by many researchers and engineers in recent years. This paper provides a state-of-the-art review of this technology, and of important developments and results obtained throughout the years that help to better understand the mechanisms that play an important role in the design, construction, and performance of these systems. This paper begins with terminologies and historical developments. It then focuses on load transfer mechanisms and practical design and proposes topics for future research. The supplemental material gives tips for construction details and instrumentation for performance evaluation.
Imagineering: a model approach for futuristic design thinking in urbanism
Authors: Çalışkan Olgu , Tümtürk Onur , Yavuz Irmak
Published: January 2020

Under the prevailing condition of uncertainty that postulates the impossibility of predicting the long-term future of the contemporary urban societies, spatial planning and design seemingly require new methodologies for an effective future perspective on the human settlements. Used to rely on forecasting as an extrapolation technique projecting no further than 15–20 years ahead in practice, the profession largely falls insufficient to suggest a forward-thinking approach, today. To transcend such settled ‘short-termism’ in urbanism, new futuristic methods enabling designers to come up with more articulated ideas on future forms and patterns (despite the restricting cognitive effects of complexity, and those of the actual context) are needed. In this regard, the paper revisits the idea of ‘imagineering’ to increase the foresight capacity of urban designers in the generation of futuristic urban scenarios in an effective manner. Based on some selected works conducted in METU Master of Urban Design Studio, Ankara, Turkey, the cognitive power of imagination and the methodical use of ‘backcasting’ are argued as the proper methodical framework to empower futurist design thinking in urbanism.
Inhibition of Endothelial PHD2 Suppresses Post-Ischemic Kidney Inflammation through Hypoxia-Inducible Factor-1
Authors: Rajendran Ganeshkumar , Schonfeld Michael P. , Tiwari Ratnakar , Huang Shengping , Torosyan Rafael , Fields Timothy , Park Jihwan , Susztak Katalin , Kapitsinou Pinelopi P.
Published: January 2020

Significance Statement

The hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs) HIF-1 and HIF-2 promote cellular adaptation to oxygen deprivation and their activity is controlled by prolyl-4-hydroxylase domain-containing proteins 1 to 3 (PHD1 to PHD3), PHD2 thought to be the main oxygen sensor. Here the authors examined the effects of endothelial-specific ablation of PHD2 on renal injury in mice, demonstrating that endothelial Phd2 ablation offered protection by suppressing expression of proinflammatory genes and recruitment of inflammatory cells in a manner that was dependent on HIF-1—but not on HIF-2. Phd2 inhibition was insufficient to induce detectable HIF activity in the kidney endothelium, but in vitro experiments implicated a humoral factor in the anti-inflammatory effects of endothelial PHD2/HIF-1 signaling. Targeting the endothelial PHD2/HIF-1 axis might offer a novel therapeutic strategy to improve outcomes in AKI.

Background

Prolyl-4-hydroxylase domain-containing proteins 1–3 (PHD1 to PHD3) regulate the activity of the hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs) HIF-1 and HIF-2, transcription factors that are key regulators of hypoxic vascular responses. We previously reported that deficiency of endothelial HIF-2 exacerbated renal ischemia-reperfusion injury, whereas inactivation of endothelial PHD2, the main oxygen sensor, provided renoprotection. Nevertheless, the molecular mechanisms by which endothelial PHD2 dictates AKI outcomes remain undefined.

Methods

To investigate the function of the endothelial PHD2/HIF axis in ischemic AKI, we examined the effects of endothelial-specific ablation of PHD2 in a mouse model of renal ischemia-reperfusion injury. We also interrogated the contribution of each HIF isoform by concurrent endothelial deletion of both PHD2 and HIF-1 or both PHD2 and HIF-2.

Results

Endothelial deletion of Phd2 preserved kidney function and limited transition to CKD. Mechanistically, we found that endothelial Phd2 ablation protected against renal ischemia-reperfusion injury by suppressing the expression of proinflammatory genes and recruitment of inflammatory cells in a manner that was dependent on HIF-1 but not HIF-2. Persistence of renoprotective responses after acute inducible endothelial-specific loss of Phd2 in adult mice ruled out a requirement for PHD2 signaling in hematopoietic cells. Although Phd2 inhibition was not sufficient to induce detectable HIF activity in the kidney endothelium, in vitro experiments implicated a humoral factor in the anti-inflammatory effects generated by endothelial PHD2/HIF-1 signaling.

Conclusions

Our findings suggest that activation of endothelial HIF-1 signaling through PHD2 inhibition may offer a novel therapeutic approach against ischemic AKI.
The Effect of Experiential Learning Models on High School Students Learning Scores and Disaster Countermeasures Education Abilities
Authors: SUMARMİ Sumarmi , BACHRİ Syamsul , YUDA IRAWAN Listyo , PERDANA PUTRA Dimas Bayu , RİSNANİ Risnani , ALİMAN Muhammad
Published: January 2020

Learning experiences are useful in increasing
the learning scores. The purpose of this study was to: (1) Determine the effect
of problem-based learning on learning outcomes; (2) Determine the effect of
problem-based learning on disaster education abilities; (3) Know the effect of
experiential learning on learning outcomes; and (4) Know the effect of
experiential learning learning on disaster education abilities. This study used
an experimental design with a pretest-posttest control group design. Data
collection used observation sheets, questionnaires as an instrument of the
implementation of learning models and education education, and tests that were
used to know the learning scores. The results obtained  was tested by ANOVA using SPSS for windows
version 21. The results showed: There is a significant influence of
problem-based learning models on learning scores; There is a significant influence
of the problem based learning model on the disaster education ability; There is
a significant influence of experiential learning model on the learning scores;
There is a significant influence of the experiential learning model on disaster
education abilities. The experiential learning model has higher influence to
learning value than to problem based learning. The experiential learning model
has higher priority on the disaster education abilities than on problem based
learning.
Writing Motivation and The Ability in Writing a Research Proposal of Generation Z Students Based on Cognitive Style
Authors: ANDHESKA Harry , SUPARNO Suparno , DAWUD Dawud , SUYİTNO İmam
Published: January 2020

This article presents a comprehensive analysis of writing
motivation and the ability in writing a research proposal of Generation Z
students based on differences in their cognitive styles. The research involved
70 Generation Z students in Faculty of Teacher Training and Education,
Universitas Maritim Raja Ali Haji, Indonesia. After going through the Group
Embedded Figures Test (GEFT) stages, these students were divided into 2 groups
based on their cognitive style, field independent (FI) and field dependent
(FD). Writing motivation data was collected through a questionnaire and the
writing ability of writing a research proposal was collected through an
assessment rubric. Analysis of research data using t-test and linear regression
with SPSS 23. The results of this study stated that the writing motivation of
Generation Z students between the FI group and the FD group did not differ
significantly. Meanwhile, the ability in writing research proposals for
Generation Z students in the FI group was higher than for Generation Z students
in the FD group. Writing motivation has a significant effect on the ability in
writing research proposals in both groups. The results of this study recommend for
analysis other perspectives and the exploration of thinking characteristics of
Generation Z students in written language.
Numerical Skills Analysis Gifted Young Scientists: The Impact of the Team Assisted Individualization (TAI) Learning Model
Authors: HASPANİ Novalia , AHİD Nur , CAHYADİ Rahman , FAELASOFİ Rahma , PERTİWİ Sindy , GANDA PUTRA Fredi , JERMSİTTİPARSERT Kittisak
Published: January 2020

Indonesia has many gifted young scientists, who need to get support and good opportunities to work. Numerical ability is one of element that must be mastered in mathematics. This study aims to determine the effect of numerical ability of students who take part in learning using the Team Assisted Individualization (TAI) learning model with those who follow conventional learning models. The type of research is quasi experimental design. The instrument used was a numerical ability test on sequence topic and a series of essay tests. Data were analyzed from the results of the posttest using t-test. Based on the calculation results obtained tcount of 3,977 and ttable of 2,005, it can be concluded that ttable = table means that the Team Assisted Individualization (TAI) learning model has a good impact on the numerical ability of students.
Phenol/Chloroform Genomic DNA extraction from Tissue Culture cells v1
Authors: Tyson John
Published: January 2020

Old-School Phenol/Chloroform Genomic HMW DNA Preparation In order to mitigate damage/shearing of genomic DNA we have avoided kits etc. that employ beads or a matrix that your DNA must associate with or sieve through (blend :o)). We have not gone the whole hog at this point and used nuclei preps, dialysis or plug extractions etc. as we have found that material produced from a simple and rapid phenol/chloroform prep is more than adequate and high yielding. We have done some limited salting out experiments as a substitute for the phenol/chloroform approach but have some remaining questions around size and stability in the fridge for extended periods that need resolving. We will be revisiting this. The jumping off point for us was using methods detailed in “Molecular Cloning: A laboratory Manual” by Sambrooke and Russell. If you are at a large institution there will probably be copies around on people’s shelves or in the library collecting dust. It’s time to dust those off, they have been patiently waiting for their day in the sun again :o)). Chapter 6 is a good place to start. This approach produces DNA that is more than large enough for any nanopore sequencing currently.
DNaseI and flowcell clearing for increasing long read yields and multi-sample sequencing v1
Authors: Tyson John
Published: January 2020

DNaseI and flowcell clearing for increasing long read yields and multi-sample sequencing The use of the Nuclease flush protocol (DNaseI digestion of DNA on the surface of the flowcell) has become an integral part of our long reads sequencing efforts. These can be seen in the figure above (Protocol 'Modified LSK109 ligation prep with needle shear and bead clean up') and can be seen as increases in data yield accumulations on the curves. In the case of our native rat genomic sequencing we see an accumulation of pore blockage over time that is DNA fragment length dependent. Shown below are two libraries produced from an identical sample sheared to an increasingly smaller size and run. Using DNaseI surface clearing we often see recovery of an additional 50 – 80 % of total reported pores on top of what a mux scan reports before treatment as long as the flowcell surface has not been “damaged” in some other way. You can monitor the process live if you restart a run and then pipette in the DNaseI clearing solution and watch the duty plots (see below). Once complete in ~30 mins flushing back to FLB/PFB and re-tethering will on a restart produce a pore count of what you have left to use. The flowcell is “reset” ready for the next library addition and run restart. That may be the same library again or something different…… With our “blocky” rat genomic samples sheared to 18-34kb we have been performing these resets every 16 – 24 hrs. For larger fragment lengths we will likely shorten this time period so the flowcell is not sitting there in an unproductive “blocked” state. It might be time for some MinKNOW scripted automated yield monitoring and hardware surface clearing hacks ;o).
Size Selective Precipitation of DNA using PEG & Salt v1
Authors: Tyson John
Published: January 2020

Size Selective Precipitation of DNA using PEG & Salt We and others have been thinking about the possibility of providing DNA size selection / clean up / and removal of expensive reagents in the library preparation process for a little while now. There are a number of possible routes but we have focused more recently on Polyethylene Glycol (PEG) and salt precipitation of DNA as it is cheap, non-toxic and known to be compatible with the existing library preparation process. One of the early demonstrations of combining PEG and salt to selectively size fractionate DNA by selective precipitation was by Lis & Schleif in 1975 ( Size fractionation of double-stranded DNA by precipitation with polyethylene glycol. NAR 2:(3) p383). We have been screening different sizes and concentrations of PEG combined with different salt amounts to find suitable combinations for removal of short “contaminating” DNA fragments. This is useful for situations where you are not starting with a DNA sample of HMW and want to target the longest DNA strands you have or want to try and remove shorter fragments produced during a preparation. Shown below are some of our current best combinations but the hunt goes on, with changes to type and concentration of PEG, and different cations with different charge densities. The commercially available Circulomics buffers perform a similar task, and are performing a little better at this stage. We do not know what exactly has been used in their solutions. One advantage of knowing that PEG/NaCl can be used in this fashion came with the realisation that given ligation buffers often use high PEG concentrations to crowd the DNA fragments we could probably use straight NaCl addition into the ligation reaction once complete to precipitate our adapted DNA. This is shown below with testing on a Lambda+DNA ladder sample and the ONT LNB buffer +/- 600 mM NaCl (There is also the hint there that some level of HMW DNA is even coming out of solution without the salt addition…….). This idea together with PEG/NaCl precipitation when coming out of the LSK109 library End-Prep reaction was taken and used to develop the Bead-free LSK109 ligation prep for ultra-long DNA detailed below in the next section. If people feel so inclined I can provide further details on the current matrix of PEG size / concentrations and salt type / concentrations we have looked at so far and then we can perhaps speed up the search. There are obviously other possibilities that can be explored around size selection using charged polymers and higher charge density ion induced precipitation. Only so many hours in the day :o)).
Library Preparation of Bee 18S and 28S rRNA amplicons for High-Throughput Illumina Sequencing v1
Authors: Darby Brian , Bryant Russ , Keller Abby , Jochim Madison , Moe Josephine , Schreiner Zoe , Pratt Carrie , H. Euliss Jr. Ned , Park Mia , Simmons Rebecca , Otto Clint
Published: January 2020

The objective of this protocol is to prepare amplicon sequencing libraries for high-throughput sequencing (via Illumina MiSeq) of the 18S SSU rRNA and 28 LSU rRNA loci for molecular identification of bee communities.
TissueCyte Troubleshooting Guide v1
Authors: Institute for Brain Science Allen
Published: January 2020

This protocol outlines strategies to solve common problems that occur when setting up the TissueCyte 1000 system for normal operation.
TissueCyte Image QC v1
Authors: Institute for Brain Science Allen
Published: January 2020

This protocol describes the QC step that occurs after the week of TissueCyte runs, and prior to analysis.
ON LINGUISTIC DEFINITION OF THE TERM “WORD ASSOCIATION”
Authors: Bilyk K.A.
Published: January 2020

The analysis of dictionary definitions of the term «association» in various Ukrainian, English, German, and Russian linguistic sources has revealed the lack of an inherently linguistic definition of this term, whose roots can be traced back to its psychological origin. The article discusses distinctive traits of the word association, similar linguistic phenomena and the types of the word association. A new text-based understanding of word association is suggested, as well as a new definition of this term, giving more possibilities for its linguistic research.
TECHNICAL TRANSLATION TRAINING: EXPERIENCE AND OUTLOOK
Authors: Kuchma O.I.
Published: January 2020

This article presents experience in technical translation German to Ukrainian and in technical translation teaching. Some typical problems of technical translation into Ukrainian are analyzed, which must be paid attention to for training technical translators.
A Meta-Analysis of Oral Health Status of Children with Autism
Authors: Pi Xiaoqin , Liu Chang , Li Zhen , Guo Haiying , Jiang Han , Du Minquan
Published: January 2020

Purpose: To present a meta-analysis whether the risks of caries and periodontal problems in autistic children are higher than those in healthy children. Study design: A literature search that included PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Wan fang, and Chinese Scientific and Technological Journal (VIP) databases was conducted. The primary outcomes of interest included the DMFT index, Plaque index (PI), Gingival index (GI), and Salivary pH. Quality assessment was performed in accordance with the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS). Dichotomous variables are presented as relative risk (RR), and continuous variables are presented as weighted mean difference (WMD). Results: Eight studies were included in this meta-analysis. Among these 8 studies, six studies compared the DMFT index, three studies compared PI, three studies compared GI, and three studies compared salivary pH. Meta-analysis showed that the mean DMFT index in autistic children was higher than that in healthy children, and the difference was statistically significant {MD = 0.50, 95% CI [0.04–0.96], P<0.00001}. Similarly, PI and GI in autistic children were higher than those in healthy children, and the difference between PI was statistically significant {MD = 0.59, 95%CI [0.36–0.82], P=0.02}, while the difference between GI was not statistically significant {MD = 0.52, 95%CI [0.30–0.75], P=0.08}. But the salivary pH in autistic children was lower than that in healthy children {MD = −0.28, 95%CI [−0.54–−0.02], P = 0.02}, and the difference was statistically significant. Conclusion: The present analysis suggests that children with autism have poorer oral hygiene, higher risk of caries, and a lower salivary pH than healthy children.
Features of the manifestation of type 1 diabetes in children and teenagers in the Perm Region
Authors: Khudorozhkova Olga M. , Smirnova Elena N.
Published: January 2020

Clinical manifestations of type 1 diabetes mellitus (type 1 diabetes) in children largely depend on the age of the child and the degree of decompensation of metabolic processes at the time of its diagnosis. Early detection of diabetes and early treatment can improve the prognosis of the disease and reduce the risk of further complications and adverse outcomes.

The purposeof this work: to identify the features of the manifestation of type 1 diabetes in children in the Perm Region, who fell ill from 2002 to 2017.

Methods.The data of anamnesis, clinical and instrumental methods of research were analyzed in 378 patients with newly diagnosed diabetes mellitus type 1 in the period of hospitalization from 2002 to 2017 (378 people).

Results.It is revealed that boys and girls get diabetes with the same frequency. The incidence of disease in recent years among rural residents remains at a lower level than in the cities of the region. There is a high incidence of disease throughout the year, regardless of the season. Initiating factors are infectious diseases, as well as various stressful situations. A standard examination in patients revealed changes corresponding to the state of hyperglycemia. One third of patients had ketoacidosis of varying severity. In11% of children, diabetes mellitus was suspected during routine follow-up. Among the comorbidities most frequently encountered are problems of the nervous system and other endocrine diseases. Almost a quarter of patients had burdened heredity according to type 1 diabetes. When comparing the data of anamnesis and manifestation of type 1 diabetes with the data of other regions, no significant difference was found.
Recovering Analog-Tape Seismograms from the 1980 Mount St. Helens Pre-Eruption Period
Authors: Malone Stephen D.
Published: January 2020

Mount St. Helens in Washington State erupted violently (Volcano Explosivity Index = 5) on 18 May 1980. During the previous two months, intense seismic activity at the volcano was recorded by a combination of continuous analog-tape recordings, paper drum recordings, and a recently installed triggered digital event computer system. Because of the technological constraints of the time, the digital data available cover only a little more than 1% of the two-month period. The paper drum records only exist for a few of the seismic stations and are also quite incomplete. However, the analog-tape data from some stations is near complete for almost the whole two months. During the period 2005–2014, these old analog tapes were recovered from storage and digitized to generate standard digital data for archiving at the Incorporated Research Institutions for Seismology Data Management Center. This recovery process was long and complicated but, for the most part, was fairly successful. Although the quality of these recovered data is nowhere near as good as modern digital seismograms, this dataset does provide a near-continuous record of the significant seismic sequence that led up to the major volcanic eruption. It includes the large variety of seismic signals from different types of volcanic earthquakes and harmonic tremor and should be a valuable resource for those studying volcanic seismicity.
Güney Kore Sanat Eğitiminin Yapı, Eğitim ve Kültür Bağlamında Değerlendirilmesi
Authors: ÖZALP Hatice Kübra , ÖZDEMİR Selma
Published: January 2020

Bu araştırmanın amacı, Güney Kore ilkokul ve ortaokul kurumlarının sanat eğitimi anlayışının yapısal, kültürel ve eğitim açısından incelemektir. Nitel araştırma türlerinden temel nitel araştırma yaklaşımı ile desenlenen araştırmada görüşme yöntemi kullanılmıştır. İncelenen literatür kaynakları ışığında sanat eğitimi derslerinin yapısal, kültürel ve eğitim özelliklerini anlamaya yönelik görüşme soruları oluşturulmuştur. Araştırmanın çalışma grubunda Güney Kore'de ve Ankara Kore Kültür Merkezi’nde sanat eğitimcisi olarak görev yapan toplamda 7 kişi yer almaktadır. Araştırma verileri yarı yapılandırılmış görüşme formu aracılığıyla toplanmıştır. Elde edilen veriler Türkçe diline çevrilmiştir. Alınan veriler betimsel analiz ile ortak özellikleri bakımından irdelenerek yapısal, kültürel ve eğitim olmak üzere üç açıdan değerlendirilmiştir. Görüşmelerden elde edilen sonuçlara göre Güney Kore sanat eğitiminin, öğrencilerin yaratıcılığını, kültür okuryazarlığını ve eleştirel düşünme becerisini geliştirmeyi hedefleyen bir anlayışa sahip olduğu, sanat eğitimi derslerinde lavi, hat, seramik gibi geleneksel halk sanatlarından faydalanıldığı anlaşılmaktadır. Dinsel ve siyasi semboller, dini ritüelleri temsil eden görsellerin resimlerde kullanılması sakıncalı görülmektedir. Bunun yanında Güney Kore çağdaş sanat eğitimi anlayışına göre sanat derslerinde görsel ve popüler kültür ürünleri geleneksel sanatla bütünleştirilmeye çalışılmaktadır. Katılımcıların derslerinde Türk kültürü ve sanatı hakkında herhangi bir inceleme yapmadıkları ortaya çıkmıştır.
Vakıf Üniversitelerinin Ekonomik Etkinliğinin Öğrenci Sayısı ve Gelir Değişkenleri Bağlamında İncelenmesi
Authors: KESİM Eren
Published: January 2020

Bu çalışmanın amacı; 55 vakıf üniversitesi kapsamında 2004-2016 yılları arasında her yıl hazırlık ve birinci sınıflar için beklenen ve gerçekleşen öğrenci sayıları ile beklenen ve gerçekleşen gelirlerin bir analizini yapmaktır. Araştırma kapsamında, 2016 yılı itibariyle Türkiye’de hizmet vermekte olan toplam 55 vakıf üniversitesine ilişkin öğrenci kontenjanları ve bu kontenjanlara yerleştirilen öğrencilerden sağlanan gelir miktarları, 2004-2016 yılları arasındaki veriler bağlamında analiz edilmiştir. Her bir grup için ayrı olarak yürütülen Wilcoxon İşaretli Sıralar testleri sonucunda, üniversitelerin bekledikleri ve elde ettikleri ortalama gelirler arasındaki farkın istatistiksel olarak anlamlı olduğu görülmüştür. Her bir grupta bulunan üniversiteler için genel bir değerlendirme yapıldığında, üniversitelerin hedefledikleri mali kazanca ulaşamadıkları söylenebilir. Bu sonuç, ayrıca doluluk oranlarının her bir kategorideki üniversiteler için ortalama olarak %70 civarında olmasıyla da paralellik göstermektedir. Kruskall Wallis H testi sonucunda üniversitelerin ortalama doluluk oranlarının, hizmet yıllarına göre anlamlı bir farklılık göstermediği görülmüştür. Genel olarak her üç hizmet yılı kategorisinde yer alan üniversitelerin aktif oldukları yıllardan itibaren ortalama doluluk bakımından %70’lik bir hedefi tutturdukları görülmektedir. Ortalama TL gelir miktarları için yapılan Kruskall Wallis H Testi sonucunda ise en az iki hizmet yılı kategorisi arasında anlamlı bir farklılık tespit edilmiştir. İkili karşılaştırma testleri sonrasında bu anlamlı farklılığın 10 yıl ve üzerinde geçmişe sahip üniversiteler ile diğer iki kategoride yer alan üniversiteler arasında olduğu görülmüştür. 6-10 yıl ile 5 yıl ve altı kategorilerinde yer alan üniversitelerin ortalama gelirleri ise anlamlı bir farklılık göstermemiştir.
A study evaluation of tubal factors of infertility by hystero-salpingography and diagnostic laparoscopy
Authors: Devada Kirti M. , Brahmbhatt Jagruti K. , Jetani Nirav J. , Modi Dimpi M. , Chaudhari Amit M. , Sharma Suman S.
Published: January 2020

Background: Infertility is one of the commonest problems encountered in gynecology. Infertility appears to be a problem in 10-15% of Indian population. Tubal factors account for (20-40%) of infertility. The objective of the study was to demonstrate the role of hystero-salpingography and hystero-laparoscopy in evaluation of tubal factors for female infertility.Methods: Present study was carried out on 70 women attending the gynaecology OPD for investigation of infertility admitted between March 2014 to December 2014 in Gynecology ward, SSG Hospital attached to Government Medical College, Vadodara, Gujarat.Results: Out of 70 patients who underwent HSG tubal block was detected in 34 cases. Out of these 34 cases tubal block was detected only in 17 cases by laparoscopy and chromopertubation. One case which showed patent tubes on HSG had unilateral tubal block on chromopertubation test. Accordingly, sensitivity of HSG for tubal patency comes out to be 0.72, specificity of 0.94, positive predictive value of 97.43%, negative predictive value of 51.61%, positive likelihood ratio of 12.28 and negative likelihood ratio of 0.30.Conclusions: HSG being simple and less invasive technique along with higher specificity and lesser complications. Hystero-laparoscopy is a valuable technique for the complete assessment of female infertility.
Study of validity of risk of malignancy index in perimenopausal women with ovarian mass in a tertiary care hospital in India
Authors: Mahadik Kalpana , Singh Nandini , Swami M. B.
Published: January 2020

Background: Ovarian carcinoma is a silent killer because it presents in advanced stage. In India, it ranks third after carcinoma cervix and breast. Incidence of ovarian cancer is 5.4-8.0 per 100,000 in India. Various versions of risk of malignancy index have been studied to show its validity in different settings. We have studied third version of risk of malignancy index in a resource poor setting in India.Methods: In this prospective observational study 74 perimenopausal and postmenopausal women with ovarian mass were recruited. Menopausal score (M), Ultrasonography score (U) and CA-125 are components of Risk of Malignancy Index 3. Patients underwent preoperative ultrasonography and CA-125 level was assessed. Scores of M 1-3, U 1-3 and absolute value of CA-125 was multiplied. This product was value of Risk of Malignancy Index 3. If it is less than 250 it suggests absence of malignancy and more than 250 strongly suggests malignancy. Results were confirmed by histopathology.Results: Fifty six percent women were cancer positive. Ovarian malignancy was more common in postmenopausal age group. Ultrasonography and CA-125 had high sensitivity of 90% but poor specificity. Risk of malignancy index 3 had a sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value of 90%, 91%, 78% and 96% respectively at a cut off value of 250.Conclusions: Risk of malignancy index was concluded to be a multimodal approach with better diagnostic scoring index in preoperative stage in women of ovarian masses. It is simple and easily applicable clinical tool in resource poor setting.
Comparison of fresh and frozen thawed embryo transfer in terms of clinical pregnancy rate
Authors: Anitha Adaboina , Rani Burri Sandhya
Published: January 2020

Background: In a standard IVF (in-vivo fertilization) procedure, the embryos formed after the fertilization of male and female gametes are allowed to grow for 3-5 days and then transferred back to the uterine cavity of the female, where they might get attached and start to grow. Objective of this study was to compare clinical pregnancy rate of fresh embryo transfers and frozen-thawed embryo transfers.Methods: This is a retrospective case control study in patients undergoing IVF /ICSI cycles from January 2018 to December 2018 were enrolled in assisted reproduction. Total of 200 women which contains 118 fresh embryo transfers and 82 frozen-thawed embryo transfers are studied.Results: Clinical pregnancy rates of fresh cleavage-stage embryo transfers compared with frozen-thawed cleavage-stage embryo transfers, were (53.3% versus 39.6%). Ectopic pregnancy is also significant in comparison. In patients under 35 years of ages and (57.1% versus 12.5%). In patients older than 35 years old, respectively. The multiple pregnancy rates, abortion rates and ectopic pregnancy rates did not differ significantly among the groups. Multiple pregnancy rate and abortion rate is significantly high in frozen-thawed blastocyst transfer than fresh embryo transfer. Whereas the ectopic pregnancy rates had no difference in both groups.Conclusions: The clinical pregnancy rates in fresh embryo transfer is high than that of frozen-thawed blastocyst.
Vaginal stenosis with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia in a postmenopausal patient with pyometra: a diagnostic dilemma
Authors: Ahmad Jenifer , Satia Meena N. , Badhwar V. R.
Published: January 2020

Postmenopausal patient presenting with pain and lump in abdomen should be considered as a complication caused by gynaecological malignancy unless proved otherwise pyometra is most common in postmenopausal women but it can affect women of child bearing age as well. Usually it is caused by impairment of natural drainage of the cervix due to malignant diseases of genital tract and consequences of their treatment with radiotherapy. Authors report one such case with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia with uterus markedly enlarged to 26-28 weeks size with Vaginal stenosis in an eighty-year-old postmenopausal patient.
A rare case of toxic epidermal necrolysis in pregnancy
Authors: Yadav Reena , Srivastava Astha , Pawar Preeti , Mendiratta Vibhu , Tayal Prerna
Published: January 2020

Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS) is a group of toxic necrolytic group of disorder of skin and mucous membrane with significant morbidity and mortality. It is a highly serious allergic reaction to medications affecting the skin and mucous membranes. Pregnant women with SJS or toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN) are a unique subset, and both conditions can simultaneously affect the mother and fetus. It is a rare condition with a reported incidence of one case per million people per year. Till date, few cases of pregnancy with SJS/TEN have been reported. We are reporting a case of 20-year-old primigravida with 31+3 weeks of gestation presenting with extensive toxic epidermal necrosis. Attack of SJS developing in pregnancy can be fatal because immunity is compromised. This patient was managed in our institute with involvement of multidisciplinary team and had a successful pregnancy outcome. Perinatal outcome was also good in this case.
Pregnancy and delivery of a women with Von Willebrand disease type 3: a case report
Authors: Bhatt Reema Kumar , Panda Shakti , Kaur Tripatpal
Published: January 2020

Von Willebrand disease (VWB) is the most common inherited bleeding disorder, found in approximately 1% of the general population, without ethnic differences. A multidisciplinary team ensuring readiness of availability of blood and blood products, perfect intraoperative hemostatis and administration of timely Von Willebrands factor are essential to prevent complications and improve perinatal outcome.
Analysis of the time of provision of outpatient medical record documents at Bhayangkara Hospital in Padang 2019
Authors: Oktavia Dewi
Published: January 2020

Background: The hospital is a health service institution that plays a role in efforts to improve the degree of public health. One of the important roles in a hospital is the medical recorder installation. One of the minimum service standards for medical records at a hospital is the length of time to provide medical records for outpatient services, which is less than 10 minutes. The purpose of this study was to determine the length of time and to analyze the factors causing the length of time for the provision of medical records for inpatients at Bhayangkara Hospital in 2019.Methods: This research is a combination of research with a sequential explanatory design conducted at the Bhayangkara Hospital in Padang in November 2018 to June 2019. In quantitative research, the sampling technique was by means of the accidental sampling technique and descriptive analysis. While the qualitative research techniques for determining informants were used by purposive sampling and analysis by using content analysis techniques.Results: Quantitative research results, obtained an average time for providing medical records for outpatients is 9 minutes 6 seconds. The qualitative research results obtained that the input of the implementation of the medical record service system is not optimal and the process of implementing the medical record is also not well implemented.Conclusions: The time for providing outpatient medical records is fast according to the minimum hospital medical record service standard, but the implementation is not in accordance with standard operating procedures.
Determinants of open-air defecation in rural Chidambaram, Tamil Nadu
Authors: Vasudevan Swarnapriya , Nallasamy Srinivasan , Loganathan Arjun
Published: January 2020

Background: Open defecation refers to the practice whereby people go out in fields, bushes, forests, open bodies of water, or other open spaces rather than using toilet to defecate. This practice contributes to the emergence of infectious diseases which forms a threat to health of people. This study attempts to find the prevalence of open-air defecation (OAD) and to explore factors influencing the practice.Methods: The present study was a community based cross-sectional study taken up in the C. Manampadi village covering 153 households. A semi structured questionnaire along with the Swachh Bharat Mission (Gramin) questionnaire was used to collect data.Results: Our study results show that 35.3% of the households had no toilet facility in their houses and were practicing open air defecation. There was a significant association between open air defection and variables like literacy level of head of the family, community and water adequacy.Conclusions: This study highlights that the study population practices OAD not due to economic in sufficiency but due to social constraints.
Usefulness of serology in diagnosis of different clinical presentations of ocular toxoplasmosis
Authors: Krishnankutty Saritha V. , Philip Reni , Narayani Vijayamma
Published: January 2020

Background: Large proportions of acquired cases of ocular toxoplasmosis are reported with atypical presentations. The objectives of the study were to find out whether any correlation existed between serological findings of typical and atypical presentations of ocular toxoplasmosis as compared to cases presenting with non-toxoplasmic uveitis and to find out the proportion of various atypical presentations of ocular toxoplasmosis.Methods: It was a prospective observational study.The study subjects of ocular toxoplasmosis were tested for immunoglobulin M (IgM) and immunoglobulin G (IgG) toxoplasma antibody levels in serum by ELISA (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) technique. The proportion of atypical presentation among total toxoplasma cases and distribution of atypical cases were calculated.  Fisher’s exact test, one-way analysis of variance and Kruskal-wallis test were used as applicable.Results: Among the cases (n=35) thirteen patients had typical presentation of a retinochoroidal focus with an adjacent scar and 22 patients had atypical features. Control group consisted of 24 patients. Various types of presentations in atypical cases were retinitis patch without an adjacent scar (31.8%), intermediate uveitis (27.3%), papillitis (22.7%) retinal vasculitis and dense vitritis (9.09% each).  Mean IgG levels in typical cases (85.3±82.9 IU/ml) and atypical cases (47.5±66.2) were significantly higher than control group (6.6±3.4, p<0.001).Conclusions: Serology is a useful tool in the diagnosis of ocular toxoplasmosis with a compatible clinical picture as serum IgG levels are significantly elevated in both typical and atypical presentations of ocular toxoplasmosis as compared to cases presenting with non-toxoplasmic uveitis.
Assessment of iodine deficiency disorders among population of district Chamba, Himachal Pradesh
Authors: Sandhu Sumita Kumari , Dhiman Arvind Kumar
Published: January 2020

Background: Iodine insufficiency is prevalent throughout the world, and is rated as one of the most significant public health concerns in more than 125 countries. Secondary to the insufficient dietary consumption of iodine, almost two billion individuals are prone to suffer from iodine deficiency disorders worldwide. The present survey was conducted in district Chamba of Himachal Pradesh in order to assess the extent of iodine deficiency disorders, 55 years after the initiation of salt iodisation programme.Methods: A cross sectional survey was conducted in district Chamba of Himachal Pradesh. A close ended pretested questionnaire was used to collect the socio-demographic information of the participants. Iodine content of salt and water was assessed with the use of I-Check and AQUA test kits in the households.Results: A total of 230 households were surveyed for the consumption of iodised salt which showed that 100% of the study population was using packet iodised salt for consumption. Majority of the population (92.6%) were placing their salt container near chulah in their kitchen and 73.5% were adding the salt in the beginning of the cooking followed by 16.1% in the middle of the cooking. Iodine content of salt sample collected revealed that 95.7% contain only 7 ppm iodine and 99.6% of the water sample contains less than 0.1 level iodine in water testing.Conclusions: The results of study indicated that population of district Chamba is using iodised salt but there is still need of strengthening of monitoring system as well as health education regarding the cooking practices in the households.
Lack of awareness and knowledge among people with scabies in a questionnaire based cross sectional and observational study
Authors: Rawat Ritu , Thakur Dilbag Singh
Published: January 2020

Background: Scabies awareness can decrease the disease health burden. The objective was to assess the awareness and knowledge among people with scabies in a questionnaire based cross sectional, observational study.Methods: Study was questionnaire based, cross sectional, descriptive study. 200 consecutive patients with scabies were enrolled for it.Results: Of the 200 participants, 125 (62.5%) were males and 75 (37.5%) were females. People of all educational levels were affected from scabies ranging from illiterate 25 (12.5%) to graduates 44 (22%). 95 (47.5%) participants did not knew that itching can be because of scabies. 171 (85.5%) participants had no idea of mode of spread of the disease. 199 (99.5%) participants had no knowledge of treatment. None of the participants knew that scabies is preventable.Conclusions: There is a general lack of awareness and knowledge among the people regarding various aspects of scabies. Increased health awareness programmes with more educational and psychosocial support should be provided to the people. Mass drug treatment of scabies in the area should be provided instead of treating the individual patients.
Occupational and social hazards among domestic solid waste collectors: a cross sectional study
Authors: Patil Tanvi , Raje Swati S.
Published: January 2020

Background: Domestic solid waste collectors play important role in maintain hygiene of a community, especially in developing countries. Yet not many efforts are done to identify their health needs. The main objective of this study is to identify the morbidity pattern and social problems of solid waste collectors in urban Maharashtra.Methods: It was a cross sectional study.  Study population consisted of domestic solid waste collectors who are registered under municipal corporation. Sampling was purposive. All the domestic solid waste collectors who came for specially arranged health check-up were included in the sample. Social and demographic information along with clinical history was collected using a structured questionnaire. General physical exam, eye checkup, skin examination and lab investigations were done in a specially organized camp, after obtaining prior consent of the participants. Data was analyzed using SPSS 19 software.Results: More than 90% of 98 solid waste collectors, who participated in the study had frequent cough, fever and diarrhea. Over 85% had back or/and leg pain. More than half of the study population had dryness of skin and 47% of them complained of itching. 15 solid waste collectors were discriminated in marriages.Conclusions: High prevalence of common frequent symptoms such as fever, cough and diarrhea can be controlled by conducting regular health checkups for this community. The need is to reach them rather than waiting for them to come to health facility. Sensitization of community towards importance of work done by the solid waste collectors is also required.
What ails the urban slums - morbidity profile of urban slum dwellers from three major cities of India
Authors: Giri Ashish , Wassey M. Abdul , Dogra Vishal
Published: January 2020

Background: India today has over 61 million people residing in urban slums. Slums, on one hand, lack the basic requirements of housing, sanitation, and water supply that are detrimental for good health and on the other hand subject its residents to extreme poverty, unemployment and stress. Exposure to these environmental factors is expected to cause a distinct sort of morbidity pattern, which this study seeks to explore.Methods: This cross-sectional study was a secondary data analysis of aggregated data of patients who availed health services at the mobile medical unit (MMU) of the Ujjivan program run by Piramal Swasthya in the last one year. The project has a fleet of MMUs that makes at least one predestined monthly visit to each service point in urban slums of Bangalore (42 sites), Pune (18 sites) and Mumbai (19 sites).Results: Musculoskeletal disorders (30.69%) and cardiovascular diseases (25.56%) together accounted for 56.25% of the total disease burden. The analysis of blood pressure readings of all the registrations showed that the mean systolic and diastolic pressures were 129.71 and 84.92 mmHg respectively. 51.58% of all individuals had hypertension and 23.51 % had diabetes.Conclusions: According to the study a major proportion of urban populous seeking healthcare at the MMU are women and elderly and do so for non-communicable diseases. Hypertension and diabetes are major health threats among them. MMU could be used as an effective mode of service delivery for women and the elderly especially, for chronic diseases.
Anemia among 6 - 59 months children in a rural area of Bareilly district: a cross sectional study
Authors: Gupta Dharmendra , Mishra Saurabh , Singh Meenakshi , Sharma Sanjeev , Agarwal Ajay , Mittal Sneha
Published: January 2020

Background: Anemia is a global health problem affecting mostly in developing countries.  Iron deficiency anemia is a significant health problem and especially in developing countries. It’s the most neglected micronutrient deficiency disorder among under-five children. The objective of the study was to assess the prevalence and determinants of anemia among under-five children and to suggest suitable remediable measures to prevent and control of anemia.Method: This is a cross-sectional study. Household survey carried out in twelve villages in a rural practice area Dhaura, Bareilly. A total of 396 children were contacted for obtaining blood samples by taking 33 children from each village. Blood samples were taken from all children between the 6th month to 59 months of age using simple random sampling. After the collection, data will be analyzed using the SPSS software version 20.Result: A total of 47.5% of the children were found to have anemia. Among them 25.5% had mild, 63.3% had moderate and 11.2% had severe anemia. The majority of them were male 269 (67.9%). The mean age of participating children was 17.351±7.785 months. 48.2% of anemic children were low birth weight.Conclusion: High prevalence could be due to deficiency in iron nutrition among under-five children associated with poor food availability, due to lack of nutritional education and other sociodemographic conditions, child’s age and worse household conditions also contributed to the prevalence of anemia.