bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ареалы высотно-зональных лесов Тувы
Authors: Макунина Н. И. , Егорова А. В. , Писаренко О. Ю.
Published: July 2019

Тува – горный регион со сложной мозаикой распределения рельефа, климатических факторов ирастительности. Она расположена в пределах трех биоклиматических секторов (семигумидного, семиаридного, аридного) и одного переходного района (аналог семиаридного сектора в семигумидном). Высотно-зональныелеса – это коренные леса, распространенные на горных плакорах в лесном и лесостепном поясах. В Туве их разнообразие представлено семи ассоциациями флористической классификации. Потенциальные ареалы этих ассоциаций построены с помощью программы MaxEnt на основе 61 растрового изображения, содержащего информацию об орографических, климатических и биоклиматических параметрах. Данными о локалитетах послужилиGPS-координаты 158 геоботанических описаний зональных лесов, выполненных Н. И. Макуниной. Потенциальные ареалы ассоциаций высотно-зональных лесов подтверждают концепцию биоклиматического деления Тувы.
Мелкоклеточные центрические диатомеи в доминантном комплексе осеннего фитопланктона Телецкого озера (Алтай, Россия)
Authors: Митрофанова Е. Ю.
Published: July 2019

В работе представлены результаты исследования мелкоклеточных центрических диатомей в доминантном комплексе фитопланктона Телецкого озера на трех участках его акватории – Кыгинский залив, литораль(начало озера), Яйлю, пелагиаль (середина, на стыке широтной и меридиональной частей водоема) и Артыбаш,пелагиаль (окончание водоема перед истоком р. Бии) – в октябре 2018 г. Выявлено, что среди четырех видов-доминантов преобладала Cyclotella delicatula Genkal, составляя от 85 до 94 % от общей численности доминантовна разных участках. По размерным характеристикам большую долю в численности имели клетки C. delicatula сосредними размерами – 4,00–4,99 μm.
Наука и инновации в исследовании биоразнообразия растительного мира Байкальской Сибири
Authors: Намзалов Б. Б.
Published: July 2019

Растительный мир Байкальской Сибири (БС) сформировался на стыке нескольких биогеографических провинций Северной и Центральной Азии и характеризуется богатством биоразнообразия. Флора Бурятии как часть БС включает 2206 видов сосудистых растений (610 родов и 136 семейств). Из них в Красную книгу РБ включены 158 видов, что составляет 7,2 %. В горных долинах Прибайкалья и Забайкалья выявлены очагиновейшего эндемизма. Помимо эндемиков характерны реликты, из них к древнейшим плиоценовым относится27 видов. В рамках инновационных программ исследования создана система мониторинга за состоянием лесовБайкальского побережья, уникальными популяциями редких растений. В основе ее лежит центр АПИК (атмосферно-почвенный измерительный комплекс) для мониторинга за состоянием среды, что позволяет составить «паспорт» биоразнообразия экосистем. Практические разработки позволили расширить ассортимент полезных растений (пищевые, лекарственные, кормовые и др.) из природной флоры, а также выявить долю социально опасныхи вредных (наркотических, сорных, ядовитых) растений в растительности БС, Бурятии.
Рефугиум третичных реликтов растений в долине р. Белокурихи (предгорья Алтая)
Authors: Ревякина Н. В. , Козырева Ю. В.
Published: July 2019

Выявлены неморальные реликты растений во флоре долины р. Белокурихи. Верховья долины включают 48 % реликтов третичной флоры, зафиксированных в крае. Предложено два новых вида для добавления кперечню третичных реликтов: Serratula coronata, Leersia oryzoides.
Gymnadenia conopsea (L.) R. Br. на выходах известняковых пород по склонам долины р. Вятки
Authors: Егорова Н. Ю. , Сулейманова В. Н. , Егошина Т. Л.
Published: July 2019

Изучены морфологические признаки Gymnadenia conopsea (L.) R. Br. в трёх ценопопуляциях навыходах известняковых пород по склонам долины р. Вятки. Все изученные признаки генеративных особей G.conopsea характеризуются от среднего до высокого уровнями варьирования. Наименее изменчивыми признакамиявляются число листьев надземного побега, длина листа второго от основания побега метамера. Наиболее изменчивым признаком выступает длина соцветия.
Сравнительный анализ структуры мезофилла листьев у растений из семейств Juncaceae Juss., Cyperaceae Juss. и Poaceaе Barnhart
Authors: Зверева Г. К.
Published: July 2019

Проведено сравнительное изучение клеточной организации мезофилла листовых пластинок растений из семейств Juncaceae, Cyperaceae и Poaceaе. Показано, что ассимиляционная паренхима растений семействJuncaceae и Cyperaceae состоит из клеток простой формы. Лишь у некоторых видов растений в глубине мезофилла имеются лопастные клетки, близкие к таковым у злаков. В листьях растений Poaceaе широко распространеныклетки сложной ячеистой и лопастной формы, у многих видов отмечаются и более усложнённые клеточные конфигурации. Рассмотрены особенности строения и основные адаптации дифференцированного и недифференцированного мезофилла листьев растений к световому режиму.
Фитомониторинг состояния рекреационных зон г. Костаная методом флуктуирующей асимметрии на примере тополя бальзамического (Populus balsamifera)
Authors: Кобланова С. А.
Published: July 2019

В статье приведены результаты фитомониторинга состояния рекреационной зоны г. Костаная напримере парка «Бульвар молодежи». Исследование проводилось с помощью метода флуктуирующей асимметриина примере тополя бальзамического (Populus balsamifera).
Сравнительная характеристика декоративности коры Padus maackii в зависимости от места произрастания в урбанизированной среде города Ижевска
Authors: Кузьмина Н. М.
Published: July 2019

В работе приведены данные исследования декоративности коры Padus maackii (Rupr.) Kom. в различных экологических группах насаждений города Ижевска. Приводится характеристика местопроизрастанияданных экологических групп. Выявлены периоды с экстремальными климатическими условиями в годы исследований (2012–2015 гг.). Приводится сравнительная характеристика изменения оценки декоративности коры в период 2012–2015 гг. Определены причины ухудшения декоративности насаждений.
Фенологические и морфометрические характеристики Padus asiatica Kom. при интродукции в Кольской Субарктике
Authors: Гончарова О. А. , Липпонен И. Н.
Published: July 2019

В условиях интродукции Кольского полуострова Padus asiatica характеризуется ранним началом икороткой продолжительностью вегетации, своевременным завершением процессов роста и одревеснения побегов, ежегодным цветением и плодоношением. Ритм развития P. asiatica близок ритмам местных видов черемухи.В 2018 г. P. asiatica характеризовалась бо́льшим годичным приростом по сравнению с образцами местной дендрофлоры. Морфометрические показатели соцветий занимают промежуточное положение между P. avium и P. borealis. Растения P. asiatica, P. avium, P. borealis характеризуются высоким уровнем жизнеспособности и декоративности, дают всхожие семена, способны к естественному и искусственному вегетативному размножению, но имеютповреждения различного происхождения.
Сезонный ритм развития видов Tilia L. в дендрарии Хакасии
Authors: Гордеева Г. Н.
Published: July 2019

В статье приведен анализ роста и развития восьми видов Tilia L., произрастающих в дендрарии Хакасии и имеющих разное происхождение. Установлены период и сроки цветения растений, ритм развития, периоды вегетации, а также особенности реакции видов липы в засушливых условиях степной зоны республики.Выявлены малые и средние значения коэффициента вариации дат наступлении основных фаз развития растений,доказывающие стабильность произрастания определенных видов липы. Используя общеизвестные методы фенологических наблюдений за древесными растениями, статистической обработки данных за 10 лет, с учетом семипоказателей, выделены вполне перспективные (75,0 %), перспективные (12,5 %) виды липы для внедрения в озеленение селитебных территорий республики и юга Красноярского края.
Некоторые весеннецветущие виды растений флоры Дальнего Востока и Сибири в биоколлекциях ботанического сада ВИЛАР
Authors: Кытина М. А.
Published: July 2019

По многолетним данным представлены результаты изучения особенностей сезонного ритма развития некоторых весеннецветущих травянистых видов растений флоры Дальнего Востока и Сибири в условиях Ботанического сада ВИЛАР. Исследуемые виды в условиях Ботанического сада проявляют устойчивость и долголетие популяций.
Интродукция представителей рода Hemerocallis L. в коллекции ботанического сада Саратовского государственного университета
Authors: Шакина Т. Н. , Куликова Л. В. , Петрова Н. А.
Published: July 2019

В статье представлены результаты изучения феноритмов и интродукционной оценки трех видовHemerocallis citrina Baroni, H. fulva (L.) L., H. lilio-asphodelus L. и 15-ти сортов лилейника гибридного (H. hybrida × hort.): 'Carry Queen', 'Date Book', 'Regal Air', 'Sabina Bauer', 'Глория', 'Americane Revolution', 'Grand Palase', 'Nigrette', 'Prairie Blue Eyes', 'Luxury Lice', 'Cara Mia', 'Тejas', 'Winnie-The-Pooh', 'Night Beacon', 'Theresa Hall'. В ходефенологических наблюдений в период с 2010 по 2018 гг. в УНЦ «Ботанический сад» СГУ г. Саратова были установлены календарные даты основных фаз развития, определены средние значения сроков и продолжительностьцветения у изученных видов и сортов. Проведенное исследование показало, что изученные образцы устойчивыв культуре, так как они зимостойкие, невосприимчивые к болезням и вредителям, отличаются декоративностьюцветения. Сорта лилейника гибридного адаптировались и в течение ряда лет успешно произрастают, не потерявсвоих сортовых особенностей. Оценка успешности интродукции показала, что изученные виды и сорта лилейников оказались очень перспективными для введения в культуру и могут быть рекомендованы для озеленения в условиях г. Саратова. Использование изученных видов и сортов лилейника разных сроков цветения расширяет возможности их применения в ландшафтном дизайне и создания композиций непрерывного цветения.
К вопросу охраны Bulbocodium versicolor (Ker-Gawl.) Spreng. (Melanthiaceae) в Саратовской области
Authors: Куликова Л. В.
Published: July 2019

В статье представлены результаты изучения ценопопуляций брандушки разноцветной (Bulbocodium versicolor (Ker-Gawl.) Spreng.) в Саратовской области. Вид является охраняемым, включен в Красную книгуРФ. С помощью интегрированного показателя SC, основанного на пяти параметрах (площадь популяции и плотность особей, жизненность ценопопуляций, выраженность защитной стратегии на морфологическом уровне, степень антропогенного воздействия), было оценено общее состояние ценопопуляций. Выявлены две ценопопуляции, меньше всего вызывающие беспокойство, семь – находящиеся в состоянии, близком к угрожающему; не выявлено ценопопуляций, находящихся в лучшем состоянии и требующих только мероприятий по их сохранению
Самовосстановление степных экосистем на постцелинном пространстве в свете концепции титульных видов степей, его экосистемного и природоохранного значения
Authors: Левыкин С. В. , Казачков Г. В. , Яковлев И. Г. , Грудинин Д. А.
Published: July 2019

На основе результатов многолетних полевых обследований постцелинного пространства в его западном секторе и на стыке центрального и восточного секторов изучена специфика процессов самовосстановления титульных степных видов, показывающая их особую экосистемную и природоохранную ценность.
Состав сообществ эталонных площадок в степной зоне на территогии Государтсвенного национального природного парка «Кульсайские озера»
Authors: Отрадных И. Г. , Съедина И. А. , Уалиева Б. Б.
Published: July 2019

Приводится описание флористического состава степных сообществ на трех эталонных участках натерритории национального парка «Кульсайские озера». Видовая насыщенность колеблется от 31 до 55 видов. Ведущими семействами являются Asteraceae, Poaceae, Lamiaceae, Fabaceae.
The theory of everything
Authors: LI xiaohong
Published: July 2019

Abstract: is there a unified theory of nature, the theory of everything, behind the natural phenomena observed by different disciplines and dispersed?

Here is the formula for chord language, similar to Planck's formula.

S=HV, (S= semitone, H= average law constant, V= frequency), minimum discrete value.

I=H^n.V (I= interval, n= interval value), allowing discrete values.

C=H^n1,n2,n3,n*.V (C= chord), discrete value spectrum.

Chord language consists of chord spectrum, with quantum, string (opening, closing string, N string), symmetry, mirroring and other mathematical, geometric features, manifested in music (time), painting (space), life (meridian), spiritual and other phenomena, has accumulated for thousands of years;a more complete mathematical model;can be observed and verified;It should be a feature of the theory of everything.

Similarly, physics also has the characteristics of chord language (quantization, string theory, etc.). Is it a phenomenon of chord language?

Music (time), painting (space) contains the theory of everything?
FRESH STATE PROPERTIES OF LIME MORTARS WITH FLAX OIL ADMIXTURE
Authors: Bauerová Pavla , Reiterman Pavel , Pavlíková Milena , Kracík Štorkánová Magdalena , Keppert Martin
Published: July 2019

Flax oil has been used as mortar improving, hydrophobic, admixture already in ancient times. The paper describes the identification of flax oil in mosaic mortar from ca. 1900 by help of FTIR spectroscopy. This historic mortar was reproduced by nowadays raw materials and the influence of flax oil on consistency and air entraining of fresh mortar was tested. It was found that already small amount of oil caused significant air entrainment, which, simultaneously with water repellency action, may contribute to higher durability of mortar with oil admixture. The flux oil influenced also consistency of mortar; its presence caused higher flow value of mortar. Moreover, the introduction of the paper summarizes principal knowledge about action of natural admixtures in lime mortars and plasters on basis of current literature.
OPTIMIZATION OF MIX-DESIGN OF CHEMICALLY RESISTANT SPRAYED CONCRETE
Authors: Hermann Radek , Drochytka Rostislav , Kolísko Jiří , Reiterman Pavel
Published: July 2019

This paper addresses optimization of mix-design and granulometric curves of aggregate of chemically resistant cementitious sprayed mix. The target of the paper is to improve properties of currently developed mix-design, which has no chemical resistance, and to utilize the secondary raw materials. The mix was optimized by additions improving chemical resistance and binder substituted by secondary raw materials. The binder was substituted by finely ground waste glass and high-temperature fly ash. Filler was substituted with slag from deposit yard and waste sand with soluble glass from steel manufacture. Main observed properties for design of optimized mix were workability time, consistence and physical-mechanical properties. Optimized mix-design successfully replaced all fine parts of filler and up to 30% of binder while the physical-mechanical properties were preserved or even enhanced. Optimized mix-designs show the same consistencies and workability times.
MONITORING AND PROTECTION OF TIMBER-CONCRETE BRIDGES
Authors: Kuklík Petr , Velebil Lukáš , Gregorová Anna , Svora Petr
Published: July 2019

The majority of timber bridges for ordinary road traffic are often made as timber-concrete composite structures. Concrete slab is something like as umbrella for timber. The reason for problems in timber-concrete bridges is nearly always poor detailing for durability and neglected maintenance. Mainly all aspects of timber protection and maintenance should therefore be considered even during the planning phase of bridge. Paper deals with evaluation of timber properties, system of opto-fiber sensors for monitoring and diagnostics of mechanical stress of timber-concrete bridges, and degradation of timber due to UV radiation, atmospheric conditions and biological agents after application of photocatalytic materials on surface.
CHARACTERIZATION OF LIGHTWEIGHT LIME MORTARS CONTAINING BRICK WASTE POWDER
Authors: Vyšvařil Martin , Žižlavský Tomáš , Bayer Patrik , Rovnaníková Pavla
Published: July 2019

This work deals with the effects of an expanded perlite (EP) on the hardened properties of air lime mortars with a 50% brick waste powder content. The influence of different substitution of quartz sand by EP is also monitored here. A relationship between EP content and physical-mechanical properties of mortar (flexural and compressive strength, pore system) and mortar frost resistance has been found. Very good contact between the binder matrix and EP surface was observed in microstructural images of mortars that conclusively exhibits the formation of products by pozzolanic reaction on the surface of EP. This work could be helpful for the establishment of the essential proportions of EP and quartz sand to be used in air lime mortars designed for restoration works.
CONSOLIDAÇÃO DO MODELO DAS ALAVANCAS DE CONTROLE DE SIMONS: ANÁLISE SOB A LENTE DA TEORIA ATOR-REDE
Authors: Degenhart Larissa , Beuren Ilse Maria
Published: July 2019

Neste estudo analisa-se a consolidação do modelo das alavancas de controle (Levers of Control – LoC) proposto por Simons (1995) sob a lente da Teoria Ator-Rede (TAR). O reconhecimento da relevância das LoC enquanto mecanismos de controle e as críticas atribuídas para cada uma das alavancas é analisada no ensaio teórico sob o enfoque da Teoria Ator-Rede, que auxilia no entendimento das relações entre os atores e os mecanismos de construção da rede do conhecimento. As pesquisas que analisaram as LoC em diferentes contextos, mais recentemente passaram a contemplar as quatro alavancas de controle com uma rede mais forte, que discute os seus conceitos a partir das críticas e busca soluções por meio de pesquisas empíricas que fomentam as discussões. A TAR permitiu inferir sobre a consolidação do modelo das LoC do Sistema de Controle Gerencial proposto por Simons (1995), visto que os atores perceberam ao longo dos anos a necessidade da análise das quatro alavancas de controle de forma conjunta. A TAR também mostrou a instabilidade e variabilidade dos estudos das LoC para o fortalecimento da rede, uma barreira para a consolidação das LoC enquanto área de pesquisa.
Study of the Change of the Specialists' Isolative Garment Properties Against the Effects of Peroxide Decontamination Mixture
Authors: Melichařík Zdeněk , Otřísal Pavel
Published: July 2019

The influence of the peroxide decontamination mixture on the barrier polymeric material used for the construction of the anti-gas protective garment OPCH-05 has been study. This kind of mixture is used with the help of the decontamination vehicle ACHR-90 and its EDS mixture. The both soldiers and operators of the ACHR-90 or the EDS mixture can be in a direct contact with spattering decontamination mixture that can cause significant damages of the anti-gas protective garment OPCH-05. For evaluation of protective properties and their potential changes the MIKROTEST method and methodology has been used. This paper is another publication which deals with the influences of decontamination mixtures introduced in the Czech Armed Forces Chemical Corps armament on the barrier material composed of the butyl-rubber polymeric mixture in combination with the polyamide textile.
Chemical Warfare Agents Permeation Through Layered Adsorption Materials
Authors: Otřísal Pavel , Slabotinský Jiří , Vaněk Jakub , Florus Stanislav
Published: July 2019

The adsorption of permeating chemical compounds on the textile materials active surface is one of many principles of personal protection against dangerous chemical compounds including chemical warfare agents. The adsorption principle is generally known. However, its effective application especially in connection with the enhancing protection efficacy follows certain significant rules. A development of new textile materials based on the application of adsorbents in the combination with nanofibrous materials is the main topic of contemporary research in this area. This contribution sums up the theoretical basis of adsorption-based protective efficacy and also brings new experimental results of sorption and permeation of live CWA agents and their simulants through different samples of layered composite materials. Results are related to the basic structural parameters of nanotextiles and applied adsorbents.
The crystal structure of (E)-4-(7-methoxy-2-oxo-2H-chromen-8-yl)-2-methylbut-2-en-1-yl 4-nitrobenzoate, C22H19NO7
Authors: Yu Xiang , Peng Lu , Wang Xin , Chen Ya-Fang
Published: July 2019

C22H19NO7, monoclinic, P21/n (no. 14), a = 7.5742(4) Å, b = 20.0688(12) Å, c = 13.2932(8) Å, β = 102.469(2)°, V = 1973.0(2) Å3, Z = 4, R
gt(F) = 0.0726, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.1777, T = 198 K.
Surface plasmon-polaritons in deformed graphene excited by attenuated total internal reflection
Authors: Usik Maksim O. , Bychkov Igor V. , Shavrov Vladimir G. , Kuzmin Dmitry A.
Published: July 2019

In the present work we theoretically investigated the excitation of surface plasmon-polaritons (SPPs) in deformed graphene by attenuated total reflection method. We considered the Otto geometry for SPPs excitation in graphene. Efficiency of SPPs excitation strongly depends on the SPPs propagation direction. The frequency and the incident angle of the most effective excitation of SPPs strongly depend on the polarization of the incident light. Our results may open up the new possibilities for strain-induced molding flow of light at nanoscales.
2D-Coordination polymer containing lead(II) in a hemidirected PbO4S3 environment formed by molecular breaking of the 1,3-oxathiolane ligand
Authors: Mardani Zahra , Akbari Samira , Moeini Keyvan , Darroudi Majid , Carpenter-Warren Cameron , Slawin Alexandra M. Z. , Woollins J. Derek
Published: July 2019

A new 1,3-oxathiolane-based ligand, 2-(1,3-oxathiolan-2-yl)pyridine, was prepared and its coordination to lead(II) was investigated. Experiments revealed a ligand-breaking reaction during the complexation process, which leads to the formation of a 2D-coordination polymer of lead(II), [Pb(μ
3-HME)(μ-OAc)]
n
; H2ME: 2-mercaptoethanol. The compounds have been characterized by elemental analysis, FT-IR, 1H NMR spectroscopy and single-crystal X-ray diffraction. X-ray analysis revealed a 2D-coordination polymer extending via acetato bridges. The lead(II) center adopts a rare PbO4S3-distorted pentagonal bipyramidal geometry with a hemidirected arrangement. Upon coordination, the thiol group of the H2ME ligand is deprotonated to coordinate as an anionic ligand. The network extends in sheets in the crystallographic ab plane via Pb–S–Pb and Pb–O–Pb bridges, aided by O–H⋯O hydrogen bonds.
Römische Strafgerechtigkeit
Authors: Heepe Moritz
Published: July 2019

Roman Criminal Justice. Legal-philosophical Traces in Aulus Gellius' "Noctes Atticae". The study reviews discussions of just punishment in Aulus Gellius' „Noctes Atticae". It embeds them in contemporary legal discussions based mainly on Cicero's and Seneca's works. The resulting picture of the Roman philosophy of criminal law stands in striking contrast to the historical prejudice of the sheer technicality and philosophical infertility of Roman legal culture. The analysed and partially highly sophisticated arguments belong nevertheless especially to the applied part of legal philosophy.
Die aestimatio damni der Lex Aquilia nach dem Verständnis der Juristen des Usus Modernus Pandectarum
Authors: Dondorp Harry
Published: July 2019

The aestimatio damni under the lex Aquilia in Early Modern German Jurisprudence. Early-Modern German jurisprudence thus interpreted the estimation clauses of the lex Aquilia, that it was the damaged object which had to be valued, not the plaintiff's loss (unless his damage exceeded the thing's value). Thus derives from the way killed and injured lifestock were cal-culated.
Kein Volk der Gesetze: Anmerkungen zu Mantovanis These der legum multitudo im römischen Privatrecht
Authors: Forschner Benedikt , Haubner David
Published: July 2019

„Die Begriffe und Sätze ihrer Wissenschaft erscheinen ihnen nicht wie durch ihre Willkühr hervorgebracht, es sind wirkliche Wesen, deren Daseyn und deren Genealogie ihnen durch langen vertrauten Umgang bekannt geworden ist"

F.C. v. Savigny, Vom Beruf unserer Zeit für Gesetzgebung und Rechtswissenschaft, Heidelberg 1814, 29.

.

No People of Statutes. Notes on Mantovani’s Thesis regarding a legum multitudo inRoman Private Law. It is commonly shared by Roman law scholars that the development of Roman private law has been driven by lawyers rather than by legislation. This assumption has recently been challenged by Dario Mantovani, according to whom the role of statutory law within Ro-man private law has been significantly underestimated since the 19th century until today. The paper critically appraises Mantovani's approach and reviews his line of reasoning.
GPR88 in D1R-Type and D2R-Type Medium Spiny Neurons Differentially Regulates Affective and Motor Behavior
Authors: Meirsman A. C. , Ben Hamida Sami , Clarke E. , de Kerchove d’Exaerde A. , Darcq E. , Kieffer B. L.
Published: July 2019

The orphan receptor GPR88 is highly expressed in D1 receptor (D1R)- and D2R-medium spiny neurons (MSNs) and has been associated to striatum-dependent functions in rodents. The total deletion ofGpr88in mice was shown to decrease anxiety-like behaviors, increase stereotypies and locomotion, and impair motor coordination and motor learning. Knowing the opposing role of D1R- and D2R-MSNs, we here investigated the respective roles of GPR88 in the two MSN subtypes for these behaviors. To do so, we compared effects of a conditionalGpr88gene knock-out (KO) in D1R-MSNs (D1R-Gpr88mice) or D2R-MSNs (A2AR-Gpr88mice) with effects of the totalGpr88KO (CMV-Gpr88mice). Overall, most phenotypes of CMV-Gpr88mice were recapitulated in A2AR-Gpr88mice, including reduced marble burying, increased social interactions, increased locomotor activity and stereotypies in the open field, and reduced motor coordination in the rotarod. Exceptions were the reduced habituation to the open field and reduced motor skill learning, which were observed in CMV-Gpr88and D1R-Gpr88mice, but not in A2AR-Gpr88mice. D1R-Gpr88mice otherwise showed no other phenotype in this study. Our data together show that GPR88 modulates the function of both D1R- and D2R-MSNs, and that GPR88 activity in these two neuron populations has very different and dissociable impacts on behavior. We suggest that GPR88 in D2R-MSNs shapes defensive and social behavior and contributes in maintaining the inhibition of basal ganglia outputs to control locomotion, stereotypies and motor coordination, while GPR88 in D1R-MSNs promotes novelty habituation and motor learning.
Cyclic-Prešić–Ćirić operators in metric-like spaces and fixed point theorems
Authors: Shukla Satish , Nashine Hemant Kumar Kumar
Published: July 2019

In this paper, we define the cyclic-Prešić–Ćirić operators in metric-like spaces and prove some fixed point results for such operators. Our results generalize that of S.B. Prešić [Sur une classe d'inéquations aux différences finite et sur la convergence de certaines suites, Publications de l'Institut Mathématique (N.S.), 5(19):75–78, 1965] and several later results. An example is given which shows that the results proved herein are the proper generalizations of existing ones.
Fuzzy fixed points of generalized F-2-Geraghty type fuzzy mappings and complementary results
Authors: Abbas Mujahid , Ali Basit , Rizzo Ornella , Vetro Calogero
Published: July 2019

The aim of this paper is to introduce generalized F2-Geraghty type fuzzy mappings on a metric space for establishing the existence of fuzzy fixed points of such mappings. As an application of our result, we obtain the existence of common fuzzy fixed point for a generalized F2-Geraghty type fuzzy hybrid pair. These results unify, generalize and complement various known comparable results in the literature. An example and an application to theoretical computer science are presented to support the theory proved herein. Also, to suggest further research on fuzzy mappings, a Feng–Liu type theorem is proved.
Synchronization for a class of generalized neural networks with interval time-varying delays and reaction-diffusion terms
Authors: Gan Qintao , Liu Tielin , Liu Chang , Lv Tianshi
Published: July 2019

In this paper, the synchronization problem for a class of generalized neural networks with interval time-varying delays and reaction-diffusion terms is investigated under Dirichlet boundary conditions and Neumann boundary conditions, respectively. Based on Lyapunov stability theory, both delay-derivative-dependent and delay-range-dependent conditions are derived in terms of linear matrix inequalities (LMIs), whose solvability heavily depends on the information of reaction-diffusion terms. The proposed generalized neural networks model includes reaction-diffusion local field neural networks and reaction-diffusion static neural networks as its special cases. The obtained synchronization results are easy to check and improve upon the existing ones. In our results, the assumptions for the differentiability and monotonicity on the activation functions are removed. It is assumed that the state delay belongs to a given interval, which means that the lower bound of delay is not restricted to be zero. Finally, the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed methods is shown by simulation examples.
Determinación experimental del equilibrio de fases en el sistema Ti- Nb-Mn a temperaturas entre 1150°C y 1200°C
Authors: Manzo Garrido Hernán Joaquín , Tapia Patricio Häberle , Zapata Héctor Henao
Published: July 2019

El aumento y envejecimiento de la población mundial conlleva un progresivo uso de implantes biomédicos. Las aleaciones base titanio, han sido aplicadas extensamente. Aleaciones Ti-Mn, Ti-Nb, Ti-Nb-Mn y Ti-Ta-Nb-Mn se han postulado con un potencial uso biomédico para las siguientes generaciones. Información disponible del sistema en equilibrio Ti-Nb-Mn es escasa en la literatura. El presente trabajo contribuye en el estudio experimental de las isotermas 1150°C y 1200°C del diagrama ternario Ti-Nb-Mn, establecidas mediante técnicas de microscopia electrónica de barrido, espectroscopia por dispersión de energía  y  comparados con secciones isotérmicas simuladas mediante Thermo-Calc®. Se encuentran diferencias entre simulaciones ternarias y binarias. Los experimentos muestran la aparición de bTiMn a diferencia de lo reportado y simulado. Se presentan zonas obtenidas experimentalmente cercanas a composiciones líquidas de los diagramas ternarios a 1150°C y 1200°C. A 1150°C se presenta coexistencia de bTiMn y TiMn2. A 1200°C existe coexistencia de fases líquida, bTiMn y TiMn2.
Cambio climático en la ciudad de Medellín – Colombia, en un periodo de cincuenta años (1960-2010)
Authors: Martínez Gonzalez María Fernanda , Peña Serna Carolina , Restrepo Betancur Luis Fernando
Published: July 2019

La evaluación del cambio climático es de gran interés para la comunidad científica y los entes gubernamentales ya que permite planear y realizar acciones correctivas a fin de mitigar sus efectos. El objetivo de este estudio fue comparar las variaciones de temperatura media, máxima y mínima al igual que humedad relativa en la ciudad de Medellín, Colombia durante 1960 y 2010. Los datos evaluados fueron reportados por la estación meteorológica 801100 (SKMD) y su análisis estadístico se llevó a cabo mediante el Modelo Lineal General(GLM) incorporando la técnica multivariada de la varianza MANOVA con contraste canónico ortogonal. Se estableció que en un periodo de cincuenta años la ciudad de Medellín experimentó un cambio climático, mostrando un aumento en la temperatura media de 0,8ºC, 1,3ºC en la temperatura mínima, 0,5ºC en la temperatura máxima y una tendencia decreciente en la humedad relativa con disminución media de2,3%.
Análisis de la eficiencia de reactores UASB en una planta de tratamiento de aguas residuales municipales
Authors: Salazar Larrota Luis , Uribe García Ludwing , Gómez Torres Luisa , Zafra Mejía Carlos
Published: July 2019

Se evaluó la eficiencia de los reactores UASB (Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket) en una planta de tratamiento de aguas residuales (PTAR) municipales durante un periodo de 9 años. La PTAR trata un caudal promedio de 500 l/s, con eficiencias de remoción de demanda bioquímica de oxigeno (DBO5), demanda química de oxigeno (DQO) y sólidos suspendidos (SS) de 66 %, 52 % y 60 %, respectivamente. La producción de biogás alcanzó 37541 m3/mes (82.4% de metano), y con una producción de lodo de 334 m3/mes. El tiempo de retención hidráulico (TRH, ϴ) estuvo entre 7 y 8 horas, intervalo típico de sistemas UASB para una temperatura de 26 °C. No se encontró remoción de nitrógeno y fósforo. Las eficiencias, y resultados similares en Indonesia y América Latina, sirven para concluir que la digestión anaeróbica es un proceso promisorio para el pretratamiento de aguas residuales en países tropicales.
Assessing the effect of adding maize and rice brans in the development by twin-screw extrusion of a ready-to-eat cereal formulated with flours of quality protein maize and zinc biofortified rice
Authors: Guevara Guerrero Beatriz , Montero-Montero Juan Carlos , Fernández-Quintero Alejandro , Rivera-Agredo Yenny Jovana , Ospina-Patiño Bernardo , Gallego-Castillo Sonia
Published: July 2019

A ready-to-eat cereal processed by a twin-screw extrusion was formulated, using flour and bran from a quality protein maize (QPM) variety and a zinc biofortified rice. The effect of variation of the content of bran in the formulation on the physical quality of the extruded product was studied. The maize-rice meal mixtures contained rice and maize bran formulated at two levels, 25 and 30 % of the total; within the bran mixture the rice bran content was formulated at levels ranging from 0 to 10 %. Physical characteristics of the extrudates such as expansion ratio (ER) and crispness work indicator (WC), were determined. The treatments with lower content of rice bran showed a better behavior, in terms of the physical variables. The products with higher ER and lower WC had desirable sensorial characteristics. Analysis of the extrudates confirmed an increased content of Zn, lysine, tryptophan in relation to raw materials.
Propuesta de seguridad basada en el comportamiento para una empresa de transporte público en Colombia. Continuación de un caso de estudio
Authors: Torres Sandoval Fabian Alfredo
Published: July 2019

Se realizó un estudio observacional de corte transversal con enfoque descriptivo en una muestra probabilística de 127 conductores con el objetivo de realizar una propuesta de seguridad basada en el comportamiento para una empresa de transporte público en Colombia. Los resultados muestran que las conductas inseguras más frecuentes en los conductores fueron exceso de velocidad y no utilizar direccionales. En promedio el 90% de los conductores son conscientes del riesgo que tienen de sufrir accidentes de tránsito con consecuencias mortales al realizar conductas inseguras. Los principales motivos que tuvieron los conductores para realizar conductas inseguras fueron falta de tiempo y realizar los recorridos sin auxiliar. Los incentivos que motivan a una mayor cantidad de conductores a realizar conductas seguras son tiempo de descanso, recibir una bonificación y recreación. Los procedimientos de prevención que pueden generar una mayor reducción de conductas inseguras son: plan formativo, retroalimentación, reforzamiento positivo y castigo negativo.
Synthesis and mechanical characterization of a non-woven nanofiber by the electrospinning technique
Authors: Espinel Blanco Edwin Edgardo , Escobar-Mora Nelson , Hoyos-Palacio Lina Marcela , Sarmiento-Gaviria Martin Fabián
Published: July 2019

A non-woven nanofiber or polymeric cover is synthesized with nylon-6 as the base polymeric material. Different acid relationships (formic/acetic) were tested in the electrospinning equipment, until defining by macroscopic observations and SEM Scanning Electron Microscopy analysis the adequate acid ratio 3:2 and the average diameter of the nanofibers in 350nm, defining the parameters to operate the electrospinning. According to ASTM D 882 standard, the Tensile Strength was calculated for stresses applied horizontally and vertically to the direction of the nanofibers. With the standards ASTM D 7490 and ASTM G-15 the wettability was determined by measuring the contact angle, finding that it has hydrophilic properties with high wettability, adhesiveness and surface energy. Nanostructured polymer covers can be used for biological isolation in health care areas, as a protective barrier to control the spread of infections.
Physicochemical and mineralogical properties of clays used in ceramic industry at North East Colombia
Authors: Torres Sanchez Diana Alexandra , Mora Basto Ricardo León , Chaparro García Amanda Lucía , Sánchez Molina Jorge
Published: July 2019

AbstractGeneral properties of clays from Ceramica Murano Mine, in the municipality of El Zulia, Norte de Santander, have been investigated.  Five clay samples were collected from different mantles of the mine. All the samples were characterized using chemical and mineralogical analysis, as well as physical properties like particle size, plasticity, drying and firing shrinkage and water absorption capacity. The chemical and mineralogical results indicated that all samples contained different amount of kaolinite and quartz, followed by hematite and anatase. Low amounts of muscovite were found mainly in samples F2 and F5. These clays are suitable for use as a raw material in creating ceramic construction products, especially for the manufacture of roof tiles and bricks according to the Winkler methodology. The variations found in the characterization of the raw material influence the technological properties of the ceramic that can be obtained from the clays under study.
Extraction of total carotenoids from peach palm fruit (Bactris gasipaes) peel by means of ultrasound application and vegetable oil
Authors: Martínez Girón Jader , Ordoñez Santos Luis Eduardo , Rodríguez-Rodríguez Diana Ximena
Published: July 2019

Ultrasonic-assisted extraction (UAE) was applied to extract total carotenoids from dried peach palm peel using soy oil as extraction solvent. Optimization of UAE parameters of total carotenoid extraction from dried peel was done using Response Surface Methodology (RSM) and Central Composite Design (CCD). The extraction parameters were temperature, extraction time and solid to solvent ratio. The optimum UAE conditions were 48°C, extraction time of 28 min, and solid to solvent ratio of 0.0037 g/mL, with a predicted carotenoids content of 151.50 mg/100 g dried peel. To validate the optimized model, the experimental values were compared with the predicted values to check the adequacy of the model. Ultrasound extraction was 33.60% higher than maceration technique. This study indicated that UAE should contribute to a green process for valorization of peach palm by-products.
Petrología y geoquímica de los Esquistos del Silgará en el area de Silos, Macizo de Santander, Colombia
Authors: García-Ramírez Carlos Alberto , Casadiegos-Agudelo Luisa , Castellanos-Melendez María Paula
Published: July 2019

Los Esquistos del Silgará consisten en metapelitas, metasemipelitas, rocas cuarzofeldespáticas, rocas carbonatadas puras y rocas calcosilicatadas. El contenido y patrón de REE y las relaciones Zr/Sc, Th/Sc y los altos contenidos de Hf y Zr, apuntan a una fuente de composición félsica de la corteza superior con alto grado de reciclaje. Los Esquistos del Silgará fueron metamorfizados en condiciones de pico indicado por la paragénesis Bt + Grt + St + Qz + Ky + Pl a condiciones de T = 670 – 770° C y P = 7.8 – 11.3 Kbar. La litología y las condiciones P-T del metamorfismo barroviense de los Esquistos del Silgará de la franja de Silos son muy similares a las del área de Mutiscua.
Efecto del residuo de mampostería en la hidratación de pastas de cemento Portland
Authors: Silva Urrego Yimmy Fernando , Izquierdo Silvia Raquel , Delvasto Silvio
Published: July 2019

En este artículo se presentan los resultados de un estudio experimental sobre el efecto de la incorporación del residuo de mampostería (RM)proveniente de residuos de construcción y demolición (RCD) en la hidratación de pastas de cemento. La cinética y las reacciones exotérmicas durante edades tempranas de hidratación fueron monitoreadas mediante calorimetría, y la presencia de productos de hidratación fue determinada mediante microscopia electrónica de barrido (SEM), análisis termogravimetrico (DTG), difracción de rayosX (XRD) y espectroscopia infrarroja por transformada de Fourier (FTIR). Los resultados muestran que la presencia de RM en las pastas hace decrecer el calor de hidratación en las primeras 48 horas. Por otra parte, las técnicas de SEM, DTG, XRD y FTIR indican que los principales productos de hidratación en las pastas adicionadas con RM son silicato de calcio hidratado (C-S-H), aluminato cálcico hidratado (CAH) y silico aluminato cálcico hidratado (CASH).
Correlation between Permeability and Porosity for Pervious Concrete (PC)
Authors: Barreto sandoval Gersson Fernando , Galobardes reyes Isaac , Schwantes-Cezario Nicole , Campos Moura André , Martins Toralles Berenice
Published: July 2019

The aim of this study was to propose a correlation for the hydraulic parameters of pervious concrete (PC). Thus, three aggregates from civil construction waste and one basalt aggregate (reference) were used to produce PC. The ratio c/a (cement: aggregate) 1:3.26 and a w/c ratio of 0.34 were used in all mixtures. Compressive and flexure tensile strength tests were performed to mechanically characterize the mixtures produced, whereas porosity and constant head permeability tests were also carried out to assess the material hydraulic properties.Firstly, the experimental results were compared with the requirements established in international guidelines (ACI 522R-10, NBR 16416(2015) and VTT-R-080225-13). The results complied with the guidelines indicating it is feasible to produce pervious concretes with the sustainable aggregates used in the study in low structural applications such as walkways. On the other hand, a correlation between permeability and porosity was proposed based on Darcy’s and Bernoulli’s laws. The proposed equation, obtained by means of a non-linear regression, is an exponential equation that characterizes the hydraulic efficiency of the internal channels of the material considering the pores interconnection. The correlation between porosity and permeability was finally validated using results from the literature showing the same trend found in laboratory, and therefore it was demonstrated that the proposed correlation in an efficient tool to predict the hydraulic efficiency of pervious concrete.
Estudio piloto para el tratamiento de lixiviados generados en un botadero controlado
Authors: Pesántes Lizbeth , Ruiz Verónica , Muñoz Marcelo , Aldás María Belén
Published: July 2019

El objetivo del estudio fue evaluar la eficiencia de una laguna de estabilización aerobia piloto anexa al tratamiento primario existente para los lixiviados producidos en un botadero controlado ubicado en la Provincia de Pichincha-Ecuador. Se caracterizó el lixiviado a la entrada y salida del sistema cada 14 días por un tiempo de retención de 51 días por dos periodos. El lixiviado que alimento la laguna alcanzó una concentración máxima de DBO5 de 722 mg L-1 y DQO de 1338 mg L-1. Luego del tratamiento, el lixiviado redujo la DBO5 a 9 mg L-1 y DQO a 91 mg L-1 para el primer periodo de muestreo y 62 mg L-1 de DBO5 y 294 mg L-1 de DQO para el segundo periodo, es decir, una eficiencia de remoción en función de DQO fue del 91,17% y 98,24% de DBO5. Además, la remoción de coliformes fecales fue de 99,99%. Adicionalmente, se examinaron varios parámetros físico-químicos para analizar el aporte a la calidad del lixiviado. Con los datos de concentración de materia orgánica y aforo del lixiviado se determinó los parámetros de diseño del tratamiento biológico anexo al tratamiento primario existente.
Urgency of Law Enforcement of Law Number 41 of 2004 about Wakaf in the Perspective of Islamic Law Principles
Authors: Hasanah Neneng
Published: July 2019

Islam is present as a blessing for all nature and its contents. Islam is the solution to the problems faced by humanity, especially as a guide and a mercy for those who believe. The solution given by Islam is the grace of al-mashlahah (benefit) living in the world and the hereafter. Reviewers of Islamic law can ensure that Islamic law is built for human benefit, preventing damage and realizing the main good. The contribution of Islamic law principles in managing people's lives is undeniable. In history it was recorded, that before Islam came and was brought by the Prophet Muhammad (PBUH), the state of the pitch-black world marked by the behavior of Jahiliyah at that time. Then the Prophet (PBUH) came with the light of Islam and his teachings which up to now still have the purity of teaching and its benefits in personal life and society in general. The form of real contribution in the benefit of the people, is in the teachings of Sadaqah Jariyah in the form of waqf. In the teachings / command of the implementation of waqf contained several principles of Islamic law, among others: the principle of amar maruf nahi munkar, justice and the principle of al-ta'awun.
Market Structure and Competition Price in Islamic Economics
Authors: Mulyana Dadang
Published: July 2019

This article will discuss market structure and competition prices in islamic economics. Literature searching is the method used in writing this article. This article found that market in Islam is defined as a means of meeting between seller and buyer, where the buyer came to the market with a demand for goods membewa certain to meet with the seller that brings offers the same goods as well. And the outcome of the meeting will produce an agreement between the seller and the buyer of the price level and the number of items in the transaction. If an agreement between the seller and the buyer then there was a provision of an item in the transaction. The market structure has a notion that some form of management of the producer to the market based on their characteristics, for example, such as the type of product produced, the number of companies in an industry. Easy or not exit or enter the industry and the role of advertising in industry activity. Perfect competition is a market structure that is most ideal for systems market is considered to ensure their activities to produce goods or services is high. The conclusion of the article are: however, in practice it is not easy to realize a market that has a structure of perfect competition. pricing is one of the practices that are not allowed by the Islamic Shari'a. Government or who have economic power do not have the right and authority to determine the fixed price of a commodity, unless the government has provided for the trader’s sufficient quantities to be sold using a price has been agreed. Tabi'at (fixed) This we can see from how the attitude of the prophet Muhammad pbuh on the issue. When visited by a companion to ask for fixing the price, the Prophet pbuh stated his rejection.