bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Heydar Aliyev is the architect of the formation of an independent national economy of Azerbaijan
Authors: Azər Maarif oğlu Pənahov
Published: May 2023

Great leader Heydar Aliyev, as a national leader, devoted his entire life and political activity to serving his people, and during both periods of his leadership in Azerbaijan he managed to lead our country to progress, leading it out of difficult trials. As a result of the multifaceted, balanced, active foreign policy of Azerbaijan, aimed at ensuring peaceful and favorable international conditions for the protection and strengthening of state independence and integration of our country into the world community, our republic has taken a worthy place on the political map of the planet, and has an important position in solving global problems, problems of the region and the international community. Thanks to the activities of Heydar Aliyev, the national system of governance of the country was completely changed and conditions were created for improving the areas that stimulate the development of the economy of the Republic of Azerbaijan.
Heydar Aliyev's multifaceted economic policy and the development of entrepreneurship in Azerbaijan
Authors: Tofiq Məmməd oğlu Əliyev
Published: May 2023

The return of the Great leader Heydar Aliyev marked the beginning of a qualitatively new era - the great path leading to the center of independent state building. Under the leadership of Heydar Aliyev, radical reforms were carried out, and the economic policy related to its development turned into a state strategy that transformed the country into development, and a large number of programs ensuring its independence were developed.

Macroeconomic stability of the state was achieved under the leadership of the great leader, the legislative framework for the organization of entrepreneurship, which is the driving force of market economy, and measures aimed at bringing the private sector to the fore were started.

The formation of entrepreneurial relations in the market economy model are integral economic parts of the system. The need for the economic development of the country to be the private sector - entrepreneurial activity came to the fore. That is why the formation and development of entrepreneurship is a threat as a priority direction of economic policy.

During his leadership, Heydar Aliyev tried to realize the national economic development model with radical reforms, to form powerful entrepreneurs, and to strengthen their positions in society.

It is from this economic point of view that special assistance is given to scientific research of Heydar Aliyev's multifaceted policy in the organization and development of Entrepreneurship in Azerbaijan.
Kajian Sifat Fisis dan Kimia Bio-Briket Campuran Tempurung Kelapa dan Sekam Padi
Authors: Siu Kristina , Pingak Redi K. , Johannes Albert Zicko
Published: May 2023

Telah dilakukan penelitian tentang kajian sifat fisis dan kimia biobriket tempurung kelapa dan sekam padi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan pengaruh variasi komposisi sekam padi terhadap sifat fisis dan kimia briket tempurung kelapa juga pengaruh variasi komposisi sekam padi terhadap kualitas briket. Briket bioarang merupakan salah satu jenis bahan bakar yang dibuat dari aneka macam bahan hayati atau biomassa. Biomassa yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah tempurung kelapa dan sekam padi. Persentase tempurung kelapa dan sekam padi yang digunakan adalah 100:0, 85:15, 70:30, 65:35 dan 40:60 dengan ukuran partikel arang yang lolos mesh 60 atau 0,250 mm dan perekat kanji 10%. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa nilai densitas, nilai porositas, nilai kadar air, nilai kadar abu, nilai zat kadar menguap dan kadar karbon terikat secara berturut-turut berkisar antara 0,786 gram/cm3 - 1,263 gram/cm3, 15,22 - 45,39, 4,04 - 4,90, 20,34 - 21,24 , 17,354 - 21,032 dan 59,36 - 61,86.  Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa penambahan sekam padi pada pembuatan briket tempurung kelapa memberikan pengaruh yang berbeda untuk sifat-sifat fisis dan kimia briket. Dari hasil peneltitian ini secara umum dapat disimpulkan bahwa semua sampel telah memenuhi syarat standar kualitas briket.
Penentuan Kualitas Air Tanah sebagai Air Minum dengan Metode Indeks Pencemaran
Authors: Nipu Lidia Paskalia
Published: May 2023

Air tanah dalam perannya sebagai sumber air untuk memenuhi kebutuhan air minum masyarakat perlu dipertimbangkan faktor kualitasnya. Suatu sumber air dalam waktu tertentu akan menunjukkan kondisi atau status bila dibandingkan terhadap standar yang telah ditetapkan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan kualitas atau status mutu pada empat sampel air tanah di Kabupaten Kupang dan Kota Kupang dengan metode indeks pencemaran. Hasil pengujian terhadap sampel air kemudian dibandingkan dengan baku mutu air minum yang ditetapkan dalam PERMENKES No.492/MENKES/Per/IV/2010 tentang Persyaratan Kualitas Air Minum. Penentuan indeks pencemaran berdasarkan Keputusan Menteri Negara Lingkungan Hidup No. 115 Tahun 2003 tentang Pedoman Penentuan Status Mutu Air. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa parameter yang masih sesuai dengan baku mutu antara lain bau, pH, nitrat, nitrit, fosfat, nikel, kromium, mangan, tembaga, alumunium, fluor, dan seng, sedangkan parameter yang telah melampaui baku mutu antara lain warna, Sulfat dan Besi. Hasil perhitungan indeks pencemaran menunjukkan bahwa air tanah tersebut dikategorikan tercemar ringan dan tidak layak untuk dikonsumsi sebagai air minum.
Naïve theories of emotions: Why people might (not) be uncertain or in conflict about felt emotions
Authors: Zammuner Vanda Lucia
Published: May 2023

Beliefs about conflict and uncertainty over felt emotions—for Joy, Pride, Sadness, Jealousy and Envy events—were studied by means of Yes/No and Why questions. Each participant (N = 1,156) judged a typical antecedent for a single emotion—e.g., Jealousy: story protagonist SP sees his or her partner kiss someone. The Yes/No results showed that SP was frequently expected to experience both phenomena, the more so the greater the event impact (Yes range: 40–86%). Beliefs associated with Yes answers (BY) were categorized into 4 categories: (BY1) reason-emotion opposition—felt emotions are unreasonable, inadequate ways of reacting; (BY2) ambivalent emotions—e.g., joy and sadness; (BY3) unclear emotions; (BY4) other causes—e.g., focused on event implications, SP’s personality. No conflict or uncertainty answers (BN; range 14–60%) mirrored BY categories: (BN1) no reason-emotion opposition, (BN2) no ambivalent emotions, (BN3) clear emotions, (BN4) other causes. Attributions and beliefs about causes did not generally differ by gender. As a collective entity, expressed beliefs were complex, focusing on one or more emotion component—e.g., appraisal, regulation, expression—as well as on emotion intensity, duration, and on self-concept issues. Overall, expressed beliefs seemed to imply a malleability theory of emotions, and emotion awareness. Results overall confirmed the hypotheses that conflict and uncertainty attributions are more likely for: unpleasant experiences; when emotions are norm-incongruent for the judged event; when mixed, ambivalent emotions are felt. The study confirms that people interpret emotion processes according to their lay theories.
The contribution of meaning making and religiosity to individuals’ psychological wellbeing during the Covid-19 pandemic: Prosocial orientation matters
Authors: Villani Daniela , Sorgente Angela , Antonietti Alessandro , Iannello Paola
Published: May 2023

The COVID-19 pandemic has dramatically affected individuals’ psychological well-being worldwide, thus representing a challenge for flourishing among emerging adults. To understand psychological processes involved in the positive adaptation to this challenge, the present study examined the role of meaning in life and religious identity as crucial resources for flourishing in a sample of 255 Italian emerging adults. Specifically, as in the midst of a stressful event individuals may experience the potential for flourishing through the process of search for meaning, the study examined the mediated role of existential, spiritual/religious and prosocial orientations as the three primary trajectories for building meaning. Results from path analytic mediation models revealed a positive influence of presence of meaning and in-depth exploration on flourishing. Findings also suggested the contribution of prosocial orientation in building meaning and, ultimately, in increasing flourishing. Implications are discussed.
Job Characteristics and Employees’ Organizational Citizenship Behavior in Healthcare Sector of Pakistan
Authors: Ullah Muhammad Asad , Summayyah Khattak  , Naqvi Syeda Kiran Rubab
Published: May 2023

We tested job characteristics model (JCM) of Hackman & Oldham (1976) in predicting the organizational citizenship behavior of healthcare sector employees in Pakistan. A cross-sectional design was employed by collected data from the 183 healthcare employees working at three tertiary healthcare centers in twin cities of Rawalpindi and Islamabad. The results of study reported that all the five job characteristics of JCM of Hackman & Oldham (1976) predicted organizational citizenship behavior of healthcare sector employees in Pakistan. The study also presents implications for the theory and practice along with directions for future research. The results of the study could be generalized in other field since data is collected from the health sector however, it is suggested that the study could be replicated with a relatively larger sample size to obtain a larger picture of the relationship between employees; job characteristics and citizenship behavior in Pakistan healthcare institutions.
Potential threats the rise of China's economic and military power in the Asia Pacific region
Authors: Tse Kay , Ablaev Ildar , Malkan Omer
Published: May 2023

Since long ago, international scholars have predicted that China will rise as one of the great powers in the international political economy. Based on China's potential to rise as the world’s number two power, this paper will discuss the forms of China's potential threats through economic and military means that can threaten the security of the Asia Pacific region. The main objective of this study is to examine the factors behind China's rise as a new power in the world economy and to identify the potential threat of China's military to the security of the Asia Pacific region. This study uses the concept of human security and security dilemma. The results of the study show that China has indeed succeeded in becoming a major power in the world economy after joining the WTO. However, the development of the international political economy today, shows that China has not fully challenged the existing international order through its military. China is seen to have worked hard to establish cooperation based on the spirit of the neighborhood and sustainable economic relations with countries in the Asia Pacific region and the United States.
On Intercultural Interactions
Authors: Ghassib Humam Bishara
Published: May 2023

In this article, physical models and ideas are invoked to describe some overall aspects of intercultural interactions. It is emphasized, however, that actual intercultural interactions are much more complex than any physical or mathematical model can encompass. They constitute, in fact, just one more example of what scientists call complex systems. These ideas are applied to the following examples: (1) Stuart Hall’s The West [versus] the Rest and Samuel Huntington’s weltanschauung; (2) interactions through Science and Technology as well as Science Diplomacy, focusing on Silk-Road interactions. The article is concluded with a partial list of necessary conditions condusive to constructive intercultural interactions, although these cannot possibly be sufficient. The wider implications for Cosmopolitan Education are also underlined.
Travelling in a Cosmopolitan Milieu: An Intercultural Exchange of Two Artists as Educators in Conversation at a UK University
Authors: Hayward Beverly
Published: May 2023

By travelling in a cosmopolitan milieu in a UK university, pedagogies of possibilities are explored. Over a period of five years the exploration narrates the journeys of, what Clover (2010) calls, “artists as educators,” documenting conversations and creative pedagogic practises. This is despite the closure of the university campus in 2023, due to an overt neoliberal agenda. The findings of two feminist cosmopolitans in conversation, illustrates that when stories require repetition, that is the retelling of a certain narrative as well as stories that are whispered, they are of a particular significance. Represented are resistance, resilience and rebellion. In addition to the tone and context of conversations being important, the findings in the research suggest that by adhering to a feminist cosmopolitan ontology, encouraged is a sensitive, ethical encounter with others. This approach suggests that those marginalised in the academy and the artworld, then are seen and heard. Their voice and artwork are visualised as challenges to the norms of the academy.
Knowing What Works: Creating Circles of Courage
Authors: Van Bockern Steve , Brendtro Larry K. , Brokenleg Martin
Published: May 2023

Early attempts to help children experiencing academic or behavorial problems were based on an eclectic mix of inconsistent and sometimes harsh and punitive strategies. Drawing from Indigenous cultures, the Circle of Courage embodies four key growth needs that are essential to human wellbeing in any culture: Belonging, Mastery, Independence, and Generosity. This paper analyzes some of the diverse interventions that would support these four components.
Making the Case for Cosmopolitan Pathways for Canada’s Diversity
Authors: Sfeir Ghada
Published: May 2023

This article seeks to develop the argument that it is time for a national roundtable negotiation among Indigenous peoples, the two English and French settler nations, the BIPOC communities and the various immigrant groups to consider the merits of cosmopolitanism as a moral and cultural framework of our interrelated relationships and intercultural encounters in Canada. In an interdependent globalized world that is becoming “superdiverse,” I argue that it is time to shift from the language of “tolerance” of the “Other” to the language of “engagement” with “fellow human beings” guided by the moral and cultural cosmopolitanism for social and global justice, equality and equity, and inclusion through the fulfillment of human rights. The purpose of this public discussion is to urge the Canadian Council of Ministers of Education as well as the federal government to put this question on their agenda for consideration as a new framework for Canada’s educational, social, economic and political policies. This argumentative paper has the potential to benefit policymakers, curriculum designers, educators, and ministries of education across Canada and beyond to consolidate moral and cultural cosmopolitanism as a national and international approach to harmonious human coexistence.
Rehabilitation of the idea of German regional hegemony in German political thought (1989-2013)
Authors: Tret'yakov Artemii Dmitrievich
Published: May 2023

The author examines the perception of the idea of German hegemony in Europe in German political thought from the end of the Cold War to the end of the European debt crisis of 2009-2013. During this period, there was a discussion in the German analytical community about the future role of Germany in the region. In the study are distinguished a number of stages in the perception of the idea of the hegemony of the FRG. As part of the first stage, after the end of the Cold War, the so-called "normalization debate" takes place, during which the issue of increasing the political weight of a united Germany was discussed. The next stages were marked by the understanding of German hegemony as a leader in the processes of European integration, the rehabilitation of the use of military force, a temporary period of renationalization, and then, during the leadership of A. Merkel as Chancellor of the Federal Republic of Germany, the adoption of the role of the financial leader of Europe. The conclusion is made about the legitimization of the idea of German regional hegemony in German political thought following the results of the European debt crisis.
The RNA helicase DDX39B activates FOXP3 RNA splicing to control T regulatory cell fate
Authors: Hirano Minato , Galarza-Muñoz Gaddiel , Nagasawa Chloe , Schott Geraldine , Wang Liuyang , Antonia Alejandro L , Jain Vaibhav , Yu Xiaoying , Widen Steven G , Briggs Farren BS , Gregory Simon G , Ko Dennis C , Fagg William S , Bradrick Shelton , Garcia-Blanco Mariano A
Published: May 2023

Genes associated with increased susceptibility to multiple sclerosis (MS) have been identified, but their functions are incompletely understood. One of these genes codes for the RNA helicase DExD/H-Box Polypeptide 39B (DDX39B), which shows genetic and functional epistasis with interleukin-7 receptor-α gene (IL7R) in MS-risk. Based on evolutionary and functional arguments, we postulated that DDX39B enhances immune tolerance thereby decreasing MS risk. Consistent with such a role we show that DDX39B controls the expression of many MS susceptibility genes and important immune-related genes. Among these we identified Forkhead Box P3 (FOXP3), which codes for the master transcriptional factor in CD4+/CD25+ T regulatory cells. DDX39B knockdown led to loss of immune-regulatory and gain of immune-effector expression signatures. Splicing of FOXP3 introns, which belong to a previously unrecognized type of introns with C-rich polypyrimidine tracts, was exquisitely sensitive to DDX39B levels. Given the importance of FOXP3 in autoimmunity, this work cements DDX39B as an important guardian of immune tolerance.
Concurrent decoding of distinct neurophysiological fingerprints of tremor and bradykinesia in Parkinson’s disease
Authors: Lauro Peter M , Lee Shane , Amaya Daniel E , Liu David D , Akbar Umer , Asaad Wael F
Published: May 2023

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is characterized by distinct motor phenomena that are expressed asynchronously. Understanding the neurophysiological correlates of these motor states could facilitate monitoring of disease progression and allow improved assessments of therapeutic efficacy, as well as enable optimal closed-loop neuromodulation. We examined neural activity in the basal ganglia and cortex of 31 subjects with PD during a quantitative motor task to decode tremor and bradykinesia – two cardinal motor signs of PD – and relatively asymptomatic periods of behavior. Support vector regression analysis of microelectrode and electrocorticography recordings revealed that tremor and bradykinesia had nearly opposite neural signatures, while effective motor control displayed unique, differentiating features. The neurophysiological signatures of these motor states depended on the signal type and location. Cortical decoding generally outperformed subcortical decoding. Within the subthalamic nucleus (STN), tremor and bradykinesia were better decoded from distinct subregions. These results demonstrate how to leverage neurophysiology to more precisely treat PD.
The Uso1 globular head interacts with SNAREs to maintain viability even in the absence of the coiled-coil domain
Authors: Bravo-Plaza Ignacio , Tagua Victor G , Arst Herbert N , Alonso Ana , Pinar Mario , Monterroso Begoña , Galindo Antonio , Peñalva Miguel A
Published: May 2023

Uso1/p115 and RAB1 tether ER-derived vesicles to the Golgi. Uso1/p115 contains a globular-head-domain (GHD), a coiled-coil (CC) mediating dimerization/tethering, and a C-terminal region (CTR) interacting with golgins. Uso1/p115 is recruited to vesicles by RAB1. Genetic studies placed Uso1 paradoxically acting upstream of, or in conjunction with RAB1 (Sapperstein et al., 1996). We selected two missense mutations in uso1 resulting in E6K and G540S in the GHD that rescued lethality of rab1-deficient Aspergillus nidulans. The mutations are phenotypically additive, their combination suppressing the complete absence of RAB1, which emphasizes the key physiological role of the GHD. In living hyphae Uso1 recurs on puncta (60 s half-life) colocalizing partially with the Golgi markers RAB1, Sed5, and GeaA/Gea1/Gea2, and totally with the retrograde cargo receptor Rer1, consistent with Uso1 dwelling in a very early Golgi compartment from which ER residents reaching the Golgi recycle back to the ER. Localization of Uso1, but not of Uso1E6K/G540S, to puncta is abolished by compromising RAB1 function, indicating that E6K/G540S creates interactions bypassing RAB1. That Uso1 delocalization correlates with a decrease in the number of Gea1 cisternae supports that Uso1-and-Rer1-containing puncta are where the protein exerts its physiological role. In S-tag-coprecipitation experiments, Uso1 is an associate of the Sed5/Bos1/Bet1/Sec22 SNARE complex zippering vesicles with the Golgi, with Uso1E6K/G540S showing a stronger association. Using purified proteins, we show that Bos1 and Bet1 bind the Uso1 GHD directly. However, Bet1 is a strong E6K/G540S-independent binder, whereas Bos1 is weaker but becomes as strong as Bet1 when the GHD carries E6K/G540S. G540S alone markedly increases GHD binding to Bos1, whereas E6K causes a weaker effect, correlating with their phenotypic contributions. AlphaFold2 predicts that G540S increases the binding of the GHD to the Bos1 Habc domain. In contrast, E6K lies in an N-terminal, potentially alpha-helical, region that sensitive genetic tests indicate as required for full Uso1 function. Remarkably, this region is at the end of the GHD basket opposite to the end predicted to interact with Bos1. We show that, unlike dimeric full-length and CTR∆ Uso1 proteins, the GHD lacking the CC/CTR dimerization domain, whether originating from bacteria or Aspergillus extracts and irrespective of whether it carries or not E6K/G540S, would appear to be monomeric. With the finding that overexpression of E6K/G540S and wild-type GHD complement uso1∆, our data indicate that the GHD monomer is capable of providing, at least partially, the essential Uso1 functions, and that long-range tethering activity is dispensable. Rather, these findings strongly suggest that the essential role of Uso1 involves the regulation of SNAREs.
Evolution of an extreme hemoglobin phenotype contributed to the sub-Arctic specialization of extinct Steller’s sea cows
Authors: Signore Anthony V , Morrison Phillip R , Brauner Colin J , Fago Angela , Weber Roy E , Campbell Kevin L
Published: May 2023

The extinct Steller’s sea cow (Hydrodamalis gigas; †1768) was a whale-sized marine mammal that manifested profound morphological specializations to exploit the harsh coastal climate of the North Pacific. Yet despite first-hand accounts of their biology, little is known regarding the physiological adjustments underlying their evolution to this environment. Here, the adult-expressed hemoglobin (Hb; α2β/δ2) of this sirenian is shown to harbor a fixed amino acid replacement at an otherwise invariant position (β/δ82Lys→Asn) that alters multiple aspects of Hb function. First, our functional characterization of recombinant sirenian Hb proteins demonstrates that the Hb-O2 affinity of this sub-Arctic species was less affected by temperature than those of living (sub)tropical sea cows. This phenotype presumably safeguarded O2 delivery to cool peripheral tissues and largely arises from a reduced intrinsic temperature sensitivity of the H. gigas protein. Additional experiments on H. gigas β/δ82Asn→Lys mutant Hb further reveal this exchange renders Steller’s sea cow Hb unresponsive to the potent intraerythrocytic allosteric effector 2,3-diphosphoglycerate, a radical modification that is the first documented example of this phenotype among mammals. Notably, β/δ82Lys→Asn moreover underlies the secondary evolution of a reduced blood-O2 affinity phenotype that would have promoted heightened tissue and maternal/fetal O2 delivery. This conclusion is bolstered by analyses of two Steller’s sea cow prenatal Hb proteins (Hb Gower I; ζ2ε2 and HbF; α2γ2) that suggest an exclusive embryonic stage expression pattern, and reveal uncommon replacements in H. gigas HbF (γ38Thr→Ile and γ101Glu→Asp) that increased Hb-O2 affinity relative to dugong HbF. Finally, the β/δ82Lys→Asn replacement of the adult/fetal protein is shown to increase protein solubility, which may have elevated red blood cell Hb content within both the adult and fetal circulations and contributed to meeting the elevated metabolic (thermoregulatory) requirements and fetal growth rates associated with this species cold adaptation.
Host and viral determinants of airborne transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in the Syrian hamster
Authors: Port Julia R , Morris Dylan H , Riopelle Jade C , Yinda Claude Kwe , Avanzato Victoria A , Holbrook Myndi G , Bushmaker Trenton , Schulz Jonathan E , Saturday Taylor A , Barbian Kent , Russell Colin A , Perry-Gottschalk Rose , Shaia Carl , Martens Craig , Lloyd-Smith James O , Fischer Robert J , Munster Vincent J
Published: May 2023

It remains poorly understood how SARS-CoV-2 infection influences the physiological host factors important for aerosol transmission. We assessed breathing pattern, exhaled droplets, and infectious virus after infection with Alpha and Delta variants of concern (VOC) in the Syrian hamster. Both VOCs displayed a confined window of detectable airborne virus (24–48 hr), shorter than compared to oropharyngeal swabs. The loss of airborne shedding was linked to airway constriction resulting in a decrease of fine aerosols (1–10 µm) produced, which are suspected to be the major driver of airborne transmission. Male sex was associated with increased viral replication and virus shedding in the air. Next, we compared the transmission efficiency of both variants and found no significant differences. Transmission efficiency varied mostly among donors, 0–100% (including a superspreading event), and aerosol transmission over multiple chain links was representative of natural heterogeneity of exposure dose and downstream viral kinetics. Co-infection with VOCs only occurred when both viruses were shed by the same donor during an increased exposure timeframe (24–48 hr). This highlights that assessment of host and virus factors resulting in a differential exhaled particle profile is critical for understanding airborne transmission.
Bactabolize is a tool for high-throughput generation of bacterial strain-specific metabolic models
Authors: Vezina Ben , Watts Stephen C , Hawkey Jane , Cooper Helena B , Judd Louise M , Jenney Adam WJ , Monk Jonathan M , Holt Kathryn E , Wyres Kelly L
Published: May 2023

Metabolic capacity can vary substantially within a bacterial species, leading to ecological niche separation, as well as differences in virulence and antimicrobial susceptibility. Genome-scale metabolic models are useful tools for studying the metabolic potential of individuals, and with the rapid expansion of genomic sequencing there is a wealth of data that can be leveraged for comparative analysis. However, there exist few tools to construct strain-specific metabolic models at scale. Here, we describe Bactabolize, a reference-based tool which rapidly produces strain-specific metabolic models and growth phenotype predictions. We describe a pan reference model for the priority antimicrobial-resistant pathogen, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and a quality control framework for using draft genome assemblies as input for Bactabolize. The Bactabolize-derived model for K. pneumoniae reference strain KPPR1 performed comparatively or better than currently available automated approaches CarveMe and gapseq across 507 substrate and 2317 knockout mutant growth predictions. Novel draft genomes passing our systematically defined quality control criteria resulted in models with a high degree of completeness (≥99% genes and reactions captured compared to models derived from matched complete genomes) and high accuracy (mean 0.97, n=10). We anticipate the tools and framework described herein will facilitate large-scale metabolic modelling analyses that broaden our understanding of diversity within bacterial species and inform novel control strategies for priority pathogens.
Replisome loading reduces chromatin motion independent of DNA synthesis
Authors: Pabba Maruthi Kumar , Ritter Christian , Chagin Vadim O , Meyer Janis , Celikay Kerem , Stear Jeffrey H , Loerke Dinah , Kolobynina Ksenia , Prorok Paulina , Schmid Alice Kristin , Leonhardt Heinrich , Rohr Karl , Cardoso M Cristina
Published: May 2023

Chromatin has been shown to undergo diffusional motion, which is affected during gene transcription by RNA polymerase activity. However, the relationship between chromatin mobility and other genomic processes remains unclear. Hence, we set out to label the DNA directly in a sequence unbiased manner and followed labeled chromatin dynamics in interphase human cells expressing GFP-tagged proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), a cell cycle marker and core component of the DNA replication machinery. We detected decreased chromatin mobility during the S-phase compared to G1 and G2 phases in tumor as well as normal diploid cells using automated particle tracking. To gain insight into the dynamical organization of the genome during DNA replication, we determined labeled chromatin domain sizes and analyzed their motion in replicating cells. By correlating chromatin mobility proximal to the active sites of DNA synthesis, we showed that chromatin motion was locally constrained at the sites of DNA replication. Furthermore, inhibiting DNA synthesis led to increased loading of DNA polymerases. This was accompanied by accumulation of the single-stranded DNA binding protein on the chromatin and activation of DNA helicases further restricting local chromatin motion. We, therefore, propose that it is the loading of replisomes but not their catalytic activity that reduces the dynamics of replicating chromatin segments in the S-phase as well as their accessibility and probability of interactions with other genomic regions.
Gastric Mucosa-associated Lymphoid Tissue Lymphoma Mimicking Signet Ring Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Choi Han Il , Lee Bong Eun , Kim Kyung Bin , Kim Gwang Ha , Lee Moon Won , Joo Dong Chan
Published: May 2023

Gastric mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma is the most common type of extranodal non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Endoscopic findings are nonspecific and variable; therefore, differentiation of this malignancy from early gastric cancer is challenging during endoscopy. Although an endoscopic biopsy is the gold standard for diagnosis, a biopsy may not conclusively establish the diagnosis in all cases. Diagnostic confirmation requires interpretation of the biopsy specimen findings by an experienced histopathologist, and an additional immunoglobulin heavy chain (IgH) rearrangement test may aid with accurate diagnosis. We present a case of gastric MALT lymphoma that histopathologically mimicked signet ring cell carcinoma (SRCC) on evaluation of repeat endoscopic biopsies. Following endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD), we confirmed the final diagnosis of gastric MALT lymphoma based on histopathological findings of prominent lymphoid infiltrates accompanied by lymphoepithelial lesions and results of the monoclonal IgH rearrangement test. Notably, a few carcinoma-like signet ring cells (SRCs) in the specimen were attributed to a reactive change. Clinicians should be mindful of possible SRCs in gastric MALT lymphoma specimens to avoid misdiagnosis of SRCC in patients with gastric MALT lymphoma. Confirmatory ESD may be useful for accurate diagnosis and appropriate management of such lesions.
The multi-modal fusion in visual question answering: a review of attention mechanisms
Authors: Lu Siyu , Liu Mingzhe , Yin Lirong , Yin Zhengtong , Liu Xuan , Zheng Wenfeng
Published: May 2023

Visual Question Answering (VQA) is a significant cross-disciplinary issue in the fields of computer vision and natural language processing that requires a computer to output a natural language answer based on pictures and questions posed based on the pictures. This requires simultaneous processing of multimodal fusion of text features and visual features, and the key task that can ensure its success is the attention mechanism. Bringing in attention mechanisms makes it better to integrate text features and image features into a compact multi-modal representation. Therefore, it is necessary to clarify the development status of attention mechanism, understand the most advanced attention mechanism methods, and look forward to its future development direction. In this article, we first conduct a bibliometric analysis of the correlation through CiteSpace, then we find and reasonably speculate that the attention mechanism has great development potential in cross-modal retrieval. Secondly, we discuss the classification and application of existing attention mechanisms in VQA tasks, analysis their shortcomings, and summarize current improvement methods. Finally, through the continuous exploration of attention mechanisms, we believe that VQA will evolve in a smarter and more human direction.
Impact of green technology innovation based on IoT and industrial supply chain on the promotion of enterprise digital economy
Authors: Song Ruilin , Hu Hui
Published: May 2023

With the gradual deterioration of the natural environment, a green economy has become a competing goal for all countries. As a trend of green innovation development, the digital economy has become a research hotspot for scientists. In this article, we study the supply chain management of enterprises in green innovation and digital economy development and complete the identification and demand prediction of warehouse goods through the Internet of Things (IoT) and artificial intelligence (AI). As the stuff meets the goods detection and storage, we employ an intelligent method to detect and classify the goods. The demand prediction analysis is carried out based on historical data on goods demand in the enterprise. The absolute error between the prediction result and the actual demand within 1 week is less than 30 goods by the particle swarm optimization-support vector machine (PSO-SVM) method used in this article. First, the goods identification task is completed based on video surveillance data using YOLOv4, and the recognition rate is as high as 98.3%. This article realises enterprises’ intelligent supply chain management through the intelligent identification of goods and the demand forecasting analysis of goods in the warehouse, which provides new ideas for green innovation and digital economy development.
Exposure to mass media family planning messages among men in Nigeria: analysis of the Demographic and Health Survey data
Authors: Amoak Daniel , Konkor Irenius , Mohammed Kamaldeen , Saaka Sulemana Ansumah , Antabe Roger
Published: May 2023

Background

Family planning (FP) is essential for improving health and achieving reproductive goals. Although men are important participants in FP decision-making within households in Nigeria, a country with one of the highest rates of maternal mortality, we know very little about their exposure to mass media FP messages.

Methods

Drawing theoretical insights from the structural influence model of health communication and using the 2018 Nigeria Demographic and Health Survey (n = 13,294), and applying logistic regression analysis, we explored the factors associated with men’s exposure to mass media FP messages in Nigeria.

Results

A range of socioeconomic, locational, and demographic factors were associated with men’s exposure to mass media FP messages. For example, wealthier, more educated, and employed men were more likely to be exposed to mass media FP messages than their poorer, less educated, and unemployed counterparts. In addition, compared to those in rural areas and other regions, men in urban areas as well as South East Region, were more likely to be exposed to mass media FP messages. Finally, younger men and those who belong to the traditional religion were less likely to be exposed to mass media FP messages, compared to their older and Christian counterparts.

Conclusions

Based on these findings, we discuss implications and recommendations for policymakers as well as directions for future research.
Comparative Effect of Bioagents and Microalgae against Anthracnose (Colletotrichum capsici) Disease of Chilli (Capsicum annum L.)
Authors: Lakshmi Potnuri Hema Prasanthi , Simon S. , Lal A. A.
Published: May 2023

A survey was conducted during Rabi 2020 - 2021 to know the severity of Anthracnose of chilli in fields ofeight villages in Krishna district of Andhra Pradesh. The disease severity ranged from 13.30 to 29.65 per cent irrespective of location surveyed. The disease severity was least in Tadikilapudi village (13.3%) and highest in kamavarapukota village (29.65%) during the month of December 2020. To manage the disease severity evaluate the efficacy of bio-agents viz.., Seed Treatment with Pseudomonas fluorescens, Trichodermaviride and Microalgae.The foliar application of Neem oil is given to all the treatments. Among the Treatments disease intensity (%) was significantly decreased in treatment T6 - Pseudomonas fluorescens + Trichodermaviride + microalgae (16.03%). The plant height (cm) was significantly increased in treatment T6 – Pseudomonas fluorescens + Trichodermaviride + microalgae (62.2 cm) respectively, fruit length (cm) was significantly increased (15.96cm), yield was significantly increased in treatment T6 (128.33 q/ha) as compared to control T0.
Assessment of Soil Quality Index in the Southern Coastal Sandy Soils of Kerala, India
Authors: Athulya B. M. , Priya Gowri , Rani B. , Aparna B. , Nishan M. A.
Published: May 2023

Context: The Indian state of Kerala has a long coastline of 589.50 km all along its western border, which has a great potential in biomass production. The agro-ecological unit 1 (AEU 1) in Kerala represents the southern coastal plains, with typical sandy soils.  The major constraints of these coastal sandy soil with regard to agriculture are: low organic matter and clay content, as well as their poor water holding capacity, resulting in limited ability to hold nutrients.

Aims: A study was carried out to evaluate the physico-chemical parameters and quality of the soils of coastal sandy soils in AEU 1.

Methods: Fifty geo-referenced composite soil samples were taken from different locations of AEU-1 in Thiruvananthapuram district, and were characterised for physical, chemical and biological attributes. Principal component analysis (PCA) was carried out for the analysed soil properties which resulted in 6 principal components (PCs) and a minimum data set (MDS) was obtained using the selected indicators i.e., texture (clay %), water holding capacity, bulk density, soil pH, organic carbon, available nutrients such as potassium, sulphur, zinc, manganese and boron. The soil indicators were changed to unit-less scores after the development of MDS, and were assigned with appropriate weights based on existing soil conditions and soil nutrient content.

Key Results: Value of SQI recorted the highest in Kadakkavoor and the lowest in Anchuthengu. Further, the locations were classified into three groups namely poor, medium, and good, based on the relative soil quality index (RSQI). Less than 50% of RSQI is considered poor, from 50% to 70% is medium, while more than 70% is considered good. From the study, majority of the land area (60% of samples) in AEU 1 of Thiruvananthapuram district were observed to have a medium level of relative soil quality index.
Volunteering, Health, and Well-being of Children and Adolescents in the United States
Authors: Lanza Kevin , Hunt Ethan T. , Mantey Dale S. , Omega-Njemnobi Onyinye , Cristol Benjamin , Kelder Steven H.
Published: May 2023

This cross-sectional study examines whether there is an association between volunteering and well-being among children and adolescents across the United States.
Microgels as Platforms for Antibody‐Mediated Cytokine Scavenging
Authors: Boesveld Sarah , Kittel Yonca , Luo Yizhao , Jans Alexander , Oezcifci Burak , Bartneck Matthias , Preisinger Christian , Rommel Dirk , Haraszti Tamás , Centeno Silvia P. , Boersma Arnold J. , De Laporte Laura , Trautwein Christian , Kuehne Alexander J. C. , Strnad Pavel
Published: May 2023

Therapeutic antibodies are the key treatment option for various cytokine‐mediated diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis, psoriasis, and inflammatory bowel disease. However, systemic injection of these antibodies can cause side effects and suppress the immune system. Moreover, clearance of therapeutic antibodies from the blood is limiting their efficacy. Here, water‐swollen microgels are produced with a size of 25 µm using droplet‐based microfluidics. The microgels are functionalized with TNFα antibodies to locally scavenge the pro‐inflammatory cytokine TNFα. Homogeneous distribution of TNFα‐antibodies is shown throughout the microgel network and demonstrates specific antibody‐antigen binding using confocal microscopy and FLIM‐FRET measurements. Due to the large internal accessibility of the microgel network, its capacity to bind TNFα is extremely high. At a TNFα concentration of 2.5 µg mL−1, the microgels are able to scavenge 88% of the cytokine. Cell culture experiments reveal the therapeutic potential of these microgels by protecting HT29 colorectal adenocarcinoma cells from TNFα toxicity and resulting in a significant reduction of COX II and IL8 production of the cells. When the microgels are incubated with stimulated human macrophages, to mimic the in vivo situation of inflammatory bowel disease, the microgels scavenge almost all TNFα that is produced by the cells.
A “Chase and Block” Strategy for Enhanced Cancer Therapy with Hypoxia‐Promoted Photodynamic Therapy and Autophagy Inhibition Based on Upconversion Nanocomposites
Authors: Sun Qianqian , Chen Weilin , Wang Man , Zheng Pan , Gao Minghong , Song Fengling , Li Chunxia
Published: May 2023

The combination of hypoxia‐promoted photodynamic therapy (PDT) and autophagy modulation has shown strong potential in the treatment of hypoxic tumors. Here, a novel design is put forward for synergistic PDT and autophagy inhibition to amplify the effect of cancer therapy by a “chase and block” strategy. Specifically, the organic photosensitive molecule (denoted FL) is encapsulated in a hydrophobic layer between multi‐band emitted upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) and the amphiphilic polymer DSPE‐PEG‐COOH, allowing FL to fully exploit the luminescence spectrum of UCNPs under near‐infrared (NIR) light irradiation. The FL is specifically activated by nitroreductase in the tumor microenvironment (TME), enabling hypoxia‐promoted PDT and thus performing a "chase" strategy for cancer therapy. Additionally, the nanosystem is combined with an autophagy‐inhibiting melittin pro‐peptide (denoted as MEL), which could be triggered by the highly expressed legumain in tumor cells to inhibit the autophagy procedure by disrupting the lysosomal membrane, thus “blocking” the cancer cells from rescuing themselves and amplifying the killing effect of PDT. Both FL and MEL can be specifically activated by TME and the upconversion luminescence imaging of UCNPs offers a tracer function for the treatment. Therefore, UCNPs@FL‐MEL might be an important reference for the design and development of future nanotherapeutic agents.
Aqueous Organic Batteries Using the Proton as a Charge Carrier
Authors: Shi Mangmang , Das Pratteek , Wu Zhong‐Shuai , Liu Tie‐gen , Zhang Xiaoyan
Published: May 2023

Benefiting from the merits of low cost, nonflammability, and high operational safety, aqueous rechargeable batteries have emerged as promising candidates for large‐scale energy‐storage applications. Among various metal‐ion/non‐metallic charge carriers, the proton (H+) as a charge carrier possesses numerous unique properties such as fast proton diffusion dynamics, a low molar mass, and a small hydrated ion radius, which endow aqueous proton batteries (APBs) with a salient rate capability, a long‐term life span, and an excellent low‐temperature electrochemical performance. In addition, redox‐active organic molecules, with the advantages of structural diversity, rich proton‐storage sites, and abundant resources, are considered attractive electrode materials for APBs. However, the charge‐storage and transport mechanisms of organic electrodes in APBs are still in their infancy. Therefore, finding suitable electrode materials and uncovering the H+‐storage mechanisms are significant for the application of organic materials in APBs. Herein, the latest research progress on organic materials, such as small molecules and polymers for APBs, is reviewed. Furthermore, a comprehensive summary and evaluation of APBs employing organic electrodes as anode and/or cathode is provided, especially regarding their low‐temperature and high‐power performances, along with systematic discussions for guiding the rational design and the construction of APBs based on organic electrodes.
Educator's blueprint: A guide for clinician‐educators to achieve promotion in emergency medicine
Authors: Gore Katarzyna , Dyne Pamela , Fitch Michael T. , Mattu Amal , Pillow M. Tyson , Gottlieb Michael
Published: May 2023

Promotion and tenure (P&T) can be a complex process, which many junior faculty in academic emergency medicine may struggle navigating. This paper presents perspectives and key considerations to guide faculty through the promotions process. We explore tips through three key phases: plotting the course for a successful academic career, collecting data to support academic advancement, and packaging materials into a compelling application portfolio. This resource can inform faculty and faculty developers when planning for P&T.
Structural characterization and photoelectrochemistry of coordination polymer of Pb(II)‐naphthyl‐isonicotinohydrazide Schiff base
Authors: Debsharma Kingshuk , Dey Sunanda , Pal Sourabh , Dutta Basudeb , Ghosh Srabanti , Sinha Chittaranjan
Published: May 2023

An organic–inorganic hybrid Pb(II)‐based 1D coordination polymer, {[Pb(NSB)NO3.DMF]}n (CP) (H‐NSB = isonicotinic acid (2‐hydroxy‐naphthalen‐1‐ylmethylene)‐hydrazide; DMF = N,N‐dimethylformamide), is structurally characterized by single crystal X‐ray diffraction measurement and other spectroscopic data. The structure shows that the ligand, H‐NSB serves as a monoanionic tetradentate N2O2 chelating linker of μ3‐κN,κO;κO,N,O type, where κO (phenolato‐O) brings two Pb(II) centres together and the tridentate NO2 unit chelates (κO,N,O) with one Pb(II) unit followed by its pyridyl‐N links (κN) with nearest Pb(II) centre for propagating as a seven coordinated distorted pentagonal bi‐pyramidal PbO5N2 core (one O donor comes from DMF and another O from NO3−). Thus, 1D chain is constructed that is thermally stable. The noncovalent interactions (π…π, H‐bonding and C‐H…π) amongst the 1D chains make supramolecular 3D architecture. The Hirshfeld surface analysis approves the existence of several noncovalent interactions for the formation of 3D network. The reasonable band gap of 3.04 eV for the CP lies in the semiconducting region, which simulates fabrication of photoelectrochemical device with high magnitude of photocurrent (current density: ~2.5 μA cm−2). Mott–Schottky analysis indicates the n‐type semiconducting behaviour, and chronoamperometry plot also shows the stability of the material against photo corrosion. Present elucidation would decipher an encouraging pathway for harvesting next‐generation energy resources based on a novel Pb(II)‐naphthyl‐isonicotinohydrazide Schiff base‐based CP.