bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Elevated prostate-specific antigen in Paget’s disease
Authors: Solav Shrikant Vasantrao , Inamdar Manohar , Savale Shailendra V.
Published: October 2023

A 70-year-old man diagnosed with acinar adenocarcinoma prostate (Gleason score 4 + 4 = 8) underwent bone scintigraphy due to high serum prostate-specific antigen level (224 ng/mL; normal <4 ng/mL). Bone scan revealed moderately increased diffuse tracer uptake in the right hemipelvis, while the rest of the scan appeared normal, leading to suspicion of Paget’s disease. Gallium-68-prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) positron emission tomography–computed tomography scan (CT) showed a PSMA-avid lesion in the left lobe of the prostate, with no PSMA uptake in the areas of diffuse sclerosis in the right hemipelvis, as seen on CT. This confirmed the diagnosis of Paget’s disease.
Pelvic lymph node dissection before or after laparoscopic radical cystectomy: An ambispective study comparing ease of surgery and operative outcomes
Authors: Kumaraswamy Santosh , Das Manoj Kumar , Pandey Abhishek , Mandal Swarnendu , Tripathy Sambit , Nayak Prasant
Published: October 2023

Introduction:

It is unclear when pelvic lymph node dissection (PLND) should be performed during laparoscopic radical cystectomy. Proponents of PLND performed before cystectomy claim that early PLND skeletonizes the urinary bladder’s vascular pedicles, making cystectomy easy. Others contend that an early cystectomy provides space and flexibility during subsequent PLND. This first-of-its-kind study compared PLND before and after cystectomy for the ease of performing surgery (total operative time, cystectomy time, and PLND time) and the operative outcomes (number of lymph nodes removed, blood loss, and complication rates).

Methods:

This ambispective cohort study included a predetermined sample size of 44 patients. The first 22 patients underwent PLND after cystectomy (Group 1), and the following 22 underwent PLND before cystectomy (Group 2). The primary outcome was total operative time. Secondary outcomes included cystectomy time, PLND time, number of lymph nodes removed, blood loss, and complication rates.

Results:

The baseline characteristics were similar in both groups. The total operative time (344.23 ± 41.58 min vs. 326.95 ± 43.63 min, P = 0.19), cystectomy time (119.36 ± 34.44 min vs. 120.91 ± 35.16 min, P = 0.53), PLND time (126.82 ± 18.75 min vs. 119.36 ± 23.34 min, 0.25), number of dissected lymph nodes (13.27 ± 4.86 vs. 14.5 ± 4.76, P = 0.40), and blood loss (620.45 ± 96.23 ml vs. 642.27 ± 131.8 ml, P = 0.20) were similar in the two groups. The complication rates categorized by Clavien–Dindo grading were identical in the two groups.

Conclusions:

PLND done after cystectomy was comparable to PLND done before cystectomy regarding the ease of surgery and the operative outcomes.
Effectiveness of video role play with PowerPoint lecture on knowledge domain among medical students—An open label randomized control trial
Authors: Ramanathan Divya , George Neethu , Menon Aparna
Published: October 2023

BACKGROUND:

Video is an effective teaching and learning tool as it is one of the few mediums that has been used effectually in all facades of medical education both with face-to-face teaching and at a distance. During a specified amount of space and time, video description can provide more details, converting complex concepts into simpler ones. The aim of the study is to assess the effectiveness of video role play (VRP) on knowledge domain among medical students.

MATERIAL AND METHODS:

The study was done as an open label randomized control trial among first-year medical students in a private medical college in a rural district in Tamil Nadu, where the subjects were randomized into two groups. The intervention group was given video role-play demonstration of the specified topic with a minute description. The control group was given PowerPoint lecture of the same topic. Baseline pretest and posttest score after two weeks was done to assess the effectiveness of video role play on knowledge domain among the students.

RESULTS:

The mean age of the population was 18.72 (0.71) years. The gender distribution showed that 70 (47.3%) were males and 78 (52.7%) were females. The result showed that Mean ± SD score of VRP posttest [9.36 ± 0.92] was significantly more in comparison with that of post score of PowerPoint [5.16 ± 1.98].

CONCLUSION:

This concludes that VRP can act more effectively in understanding a lecture than using PowerPoint method. It is an interesting and exciting teaching–learning method involving the active participation of the students and the faculty.
Effectiveness of feedback type on performance quality and satisfaction of nursing student: A comparative interventional study
Authors: Imanipour Masoomeh , Mirzaeipour Farshid , Hazaryan Mahsa
Published: October 2023

BACKGROUND:

Although feedback has a major impact on teaching and learning, the type and way of providing it can have diverse effects. The purpose of this study was to compare the effect of two types of verbal and written feedback on nursing students' performance quality and satisfaction.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:

This experimental study, that carried out in 2019, has a crossover design. The participants included 30 bachelors of science in nursing at Shushtar Faculty of Medical Sciences, who were assigned to two groups of 15. The first group received first verbal feedback and then written, during basic nursing skills training. The second group received first written feedback and then verbal. At the end of each half of the training sessions, students' performance and their satisfaction were assessed by, researchermade observational checklists, and a satisfaction questionnaire, respectively. Data were analyzed using SPSS16 software and analyzed using Chi-square and paired t test. Significance level < 0.01 was considered.

RESULTS:

The mean scores of students' performance in the stages of verbal and written feedback were 15.7 ± 2.5 and 17.7 ± 2.3, respectively. Written feedback was more effective in students' performance (P = 0.001) and students were more satisfied with this type of feedback (P = 0.001).

CONCLUSIONS:

According to the present study, using written feedback can improve the quality of students' performances and is associated with high satisfaction. Thus, professors should pay more attention to feedback in their educational processes and use different types of feedback, especially written feedback, in line with the context.
Investigating the role of mobile health in epilepsy management: A systematic review
Authors: Khoshkangin Atefeh , Agha Seyyed Esmaeil Amiri Fariba Sadat , Ghaddaripouri Kosar , Noroozi Navid , Mazaheri Habibi Mohammad Reza
Published: October 2023

Epilepsy is the most common chronic neurologic disease which is characterized by recurrent attacks of headache after seizure. Researches show that self-management is an important factor in improving the quality of life and quality of care of people affected by epilepsy. Mobile phone technologies play a potential role in patient care assistance and treatment of epilepsy. This systematic review was conducted with an aim to study the role of mobile health in the management of epilepsy. This study was conducted by searching databases such as PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google scholar search engines using the following keywords: “m-health,” “mobile health,” “Telemedicine,” “Mobile Application,” “Smartphone,” “epilepsy,” and “epilepsy management.” Articles published from January 1, 1990 to September 1, 2021 were searched. Inclusion criteria included all articles published in English with a focus on the role of mHealth in the management of epilepsy. Review articles and studies that were not about patients were omitted. In this study, of a total of 4225 retrieved articles, 10 studies met the full-text inclusion criteria. Three types of researches (30%) were done in the USA, five studies (50%) were conducted as randomized controlled trials, and eight articles (80%) had the highest quality. Among the considered articles, three articles (30%) were engaged in training users in epilepsy management. Five articles (50%) reported improvement in seizure control in patients with epilepsy and two articles (20%) did not report any significant improvement. Mobile technologies have a promising role in providing health assessment, education, and other services for patients, and they also help in controlling seizures attack and improvement of epilepsy management. These technologies enjoy great attractiveness, and utilizing them will lead to patient satisfaction.
Estimation of type 2 diabetes risk score using diabetes risk test in Neishabour-Iran
Authors: Batani Fateme Zahra , Assarroudi Abdolghader , Armat Mohammad Reza , Vafaie Seyed Majid
Published: October 2023

BACKGROUND:

Preventing diabetes and identifying patients who are at risk for it is very important. This study was conducted to estimate the risk score of type 2 diabetes among adults living in Neishabour city in 2020.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:

This descriptive-analytical study was performed on 1000 people aged 25 years and older living in Neishabour (Iran) using a multi-stage sampling method. The data collection instrument included the American Diabetes Association Diabetes Risk Test (DRT), which is a screening instrument to assess the risk of type 2 diabetes. Data analysis was carried out using SPSS ver. 18, using independent t-test, Chi-squared, Fisher's Exact test, Mann-Whitney, path analysis, and regression of generalized estimating equation model at 95% confidence interval.

RESULTS:

The mean age of the subjects was 43.87 years (SD = 0.419) and 50.7% (n = 507) were female and the rest were male (n = 493). The risk of developing type 2 diabetes was high in 18.4% (n = 184) of the subjects. And the average risk of diabetes in people was 2.76 (SD = 0.057) out of 10 points. There was no significant relationship between gender and gestational diabetes with the risk of diabetes, but there was a significant relationship between age over 40 years, history of hypertension, family history of diabetes, lack of physical activity, and being overweight with the risk of type 2 diabetes.

CONCLUSION:

Approximately, one-fifth of the subjects had a high risk of developing type 2 diabetes. Therefore, the use of a simple and practical instrument such as DRT can be suitable for screening and early detection of Prediabetic state and type 2 diabetes.
Art-based assignment in head and neck anatomical course, a dynamic experience
Authors: Kermanian Fatemeh , Zamani Shokoofeh , Mahakizadeh Simin
Published: October 2023

In recent years, alternative uses of art within medical education have been explored and extended. We report here a method of art-based assignments in anatomy and histology, which we have incorporated into the head and neck course as a means of enlivening didactic lectures. One hundred and two first-year medical students at the Alborz University of Medical Sciences participated in a 15-week educational intervention, in which an art-based assignment method was employed. The learning module focuses on the human anatomy and histology of head and neck. In each session, after the teacher's lecture and practical work, students were given an assignment based on the topics of that session and based on the drawing. The learning outcome was evaluated twice, 1 week and 4 weeks after the course. Student's feedbacks were collected via an anonymous questionnaire at the end of the module. The data were analyzed by using the SPSS 20 software by paired and independent t-tests and the normality of data was evaluated by the Kolmogorov–Smirnov test. Most of students (90%) had rated the new format as very informative. Exam scores were significantly higher at 4 weeks tests (P ≤ 0.05) and data showed significant difference in long-term retention of knowledge. The use of this module by medical students during their head and neck course improves their confidence through drawing. Teacher's feedback provides a step-wise approach that simplifies the learning of anatomy and histology. The strategy has appeal for visual, auditory, read/write, and kinesthetic learners.
Effectiveness of online sexual education based on the extended PLISSIT model on sexual function and sexual satisfaction in women undergoing breast cancer treatment
Authors: Zangeneh Sanaz , Savabi-Esfahani Mitra , Taleghani Fariba , Sharbafchi Mohammad R. , Salehi Mehrdad
Published: October 2023

BACKGROUND:

Despite therapeutic interventions having increased the survival rate of women with breast cancer, sexual dysfunction occurs in cancer survivors due to treatment. The aim of this study is to determine the effect of online sexual education, based on the Ex-PLISSIT model on sexual function and satisfaction, on women undergoing breast cancer treatment.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:

The present study was a quasi-experimental and interventional control study. It was conducted with a pretest–posttest design between April and July 2022 in Isfahan, Iran. The participants were divided into an intervention (n = 40) and a control group (n = 40). The intervention group received sexual education based on the Ex-PLISSIT model that consisted of four levels of intervention, namely, permission (P), limited information (LI), specific suggestions (SS), and intensive therapy (IT), presented in four sessions. The Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI) and Larson's Sexual Satisfaction Questionnaire were used to measure the sexual function and sexual satisfaction of the participants. Data were analyzed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 21. P values below 0.05 were considered statistically significant.

RESULTS:

The results showed that the mean of sexual satisfaction and function scores in the intervention group significantly increased after intervention. Moreover, the results showed a statistically significant difference in the mean of sexual satisfaction scores between the intervention and control groups after intervention (P = 0.020). Although there was a difference between the mean of sexual function scores in the intervention and control groups after the intervention, the t-test showed no statistically significant difference (P = 0.176).

CONCLUSIONS:

According to the results of the study, sexual education based on the Ex-PLISSIT model could effectively enhance sexual satisfaction of women undergoing breast cancer treatment. It seems that this model can help health care providers evaluate the sexual needs of the patients and provide appropriate suggestions in order to decrease sexual problems.
The effect of educational program based on the clinical practice protocol on treatment adherence, self-efficacy and quality of life of patients undergoing coronary artery bypass graft surgery
Authors: Nourali Nastaran , Hosseini Meimanat , Ghasemi Saeed , Nasiri Malihe
Published: October 2023

BACKGROUND AND AIM:

Educating the patients undergoing coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) before and after surgery is one of the most important factors for success in this surgery, as it improves their treatment adherence, self-efficacy, and quality of life. The aim of this study was to determine the impact of the educational program based on clinical practice protocol upon treatment adherence, self-efficacy, and quality of life of patients undergoing CABG surgery in Tehran, Iran, during the period 2021–2022.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:

This experimental study was conducted on 100 patients who were undergoing CABG and were hospitalized in a public hospital (Shahid Modarres Educational Hospital) in Tehran, Iran, in 2021–2022. Patients were randomly assigned to intervention (n = 50) and control (n = 50) groups. Four questionnaires (demographic–clinical questionnaire, Modanloo's adherence to treatment questionnaire, Sullivan's self-efficacy questionnaire, and McNew's quality of life questionnaire) were completed by both intervention and control groups before and 1 month after the educational intervention. The intervention group received an education program based on the clinical practice protocol. Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential methods in Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) 22 software.

RESULTS:

The results of the study showed that the intervention and control groups were similar in terms of demographic and clinical characteristics. The average scores of treatment adherence, self-efficacy, and quality of life 1 month after the intervention were significantly higher in the intervention group compared to the control group. Also, the average scores of treatment adherence, self-efficacy, and quality of life were significantly higher 1 month after the intervention than before in the intervention group (P < 0.001).

CONCLUSIONS:

The results of this study showed that education program based on the clinical practice protocol can be effective and useful for increasing the level of treatment adherence, self-efficacy, and quality of life of patients undergoing CABG.
Identifying dimensions and components of student support system in virtual learning: A scoping review
Authors: Ahmady Soleiman , Khoshgoftar Zohreh , Toofaninejad Ehsan , Sohrabi Somaye , Kalantarion Masoumeh , Simpson Ormond
Published: October 2023

A student support system (SSS) has a crucial role in the absorption, retention, and success of students in virtual learning. The purpose of this scoping review was to identify and map the available evidence regarding the dimensions and components of the SSS in virtual learning. This study was conducted in accordance with the methodology of the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) for scoping reviews. Our search strategy was based on using search engines, such as MEDLINE, EMBASE, Scopus, WoS, CINAHL, ERIC, PsycINFO, ProQuest, and Google Scholar. The articles were published in renowned medical education journals, including Medical Education, Medical Teacher, and Academic Medicine, and the reference lists of identified and reviewed articles were searched manually. The search results were imported into EndNote X20, and after removing duplicates and screenings, 42 studies met the inclusion criteria and were included in the review. A descriptive– analytical approach was employed, including a numerical count of study characteristics (quantitative) and template analysis (qualitative). Five dimensions were identified in the SSS in virtual learning: types of support, domains of support, stages of support, instigating of support, levels of support, and their components and subcomponents. The findings of this study depict a comprehensive roadmap and have an important contribution to the knowledge body of SSS in virtual learning. We suggest system developers, planners, and higher education officials to improve the quality of virtual learning by applying these findings in their planning and decision-making.
Happiness index of medical students and related factors in Andaman and Nicobar Islands, India
Authors: Kumar Deepak , Yadav Priyanka , Joshy Vidhu M. , Thomas Beeson
Published: October 2023

BACKGROUND:

Happiness is an important factor for everyone's good health and general well-being. Medical students need to manage a lengthy medical curriculum, clinical postings, and the stressful environment of hospital setting, which may have considerable effects on their happiness. No such studies have been conducted in the remotely located Andaman and Nicobar (A and N) islands. Hence, the current study was conducted to determine the level of happiness and associated factors among medical college students of the Andaman and Nicobar islands.

METHODS AND MATERIALS:

A cross-sectional study was conducted among 315 medical students of the A and N islands. The happiness of students was measured using the Oxford Happiness Questionnaire. Chi-square test and multiple logistic regression were used for data analysis.

RESULTS:

Among all the students, 42.5% were happy. There was a significant association between happiness and the relationship of students with family and friends, physical exercise, spiritual beliefs, the presence of stress, and traumatic events. The multiple logistic regression revealed that good relationship with friends increased the odds of happiness of students significantly with an adjusted odd ratio (OR) of 3.204 (1.641–6.257), whereas the presence of stress decreased the happiness of students significantly with an adjusted OR of 0.430 (0.254–0.730).

CONCLUSION:

Good relations with friends emerged as a positive predictor of happiness, whereas stress emerged as a negative predictor of happiness among the students. Hence, human relationships, stress management, physical exercise or sports, and orientation to spiritual health should be given emphasis in the medical curriculum.
Perceived leadership quality and empathy among Indian undergraduate medical students
Authors: Mondal Himel , Soni Sachin , Sahoo Manas Ranjan , Mondal Shaikat , Saha Koushik , Maharana Biswajit , Priyadarshini Bhagyajyoti , Behera Joshil Kumar
Published: October 2023

BACKGROUND:

Efficient leaders from the medical fraternity may understand healthcare in depth. Empathy is important for patient care, job satisfaction, and the psychological well-being of doctors. Empathic leadership is concerned with an interest in the people around them. This study aimed to observe the perceived leadership quality and empathy among Indian medical undergraduate students, find any correlation between them, and assess age, sex, and semester of study as predictor variables for leadership and empathy.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:

An online cross-sectional survey was conducted on Google Forms with undergraduate medical students in India with a convenient snowball sample. The Abbreviated Self Leadership Quality (ASQL) was used to find the leadership quality and the eight-item Empathy Quotient (EQ-8) to find the empathy. Spearman's correlation coefficient was calculated between ASQL and EQ-8 score. Age, sex, and semester were used as predictor variables in regression analysis with leadership and empathy as dependent variables.

RESULT:

A total of 439 (50.8% male, 49.2% female) Indian undergraduate students participated in the study. Males showed higher leadership qualities. There was no gender difference in empathy. Leadership was positively correlated (r
s =0.13, P = .006) with empathy in the overall sample. The age (P = .001), sex (P < .0001), and semester of study (P < .0001) successfully predicts leadership (F = 57.167, P < .0001). Although age, sex, and semester combined successfully predict empathy (F = 5.31, P = .001), individually, only a semester of study (P = .009) significantly contributes to the prediction.

CONCLUSION:

Male and female medical students show a similar level of empathy but male shows higher leadership quality. Leadership and empathy are positively correlated; hence, students with higher leadership quality would show higher empathy and vice versa. The age, sex, and semester of study are determinants of leadership whereas semester of study is the determinant of empathy.
Study of test anxiety amongst undergraduate medical students from the state of Gujarat
Authors: Patel Rujvee , Varma Jagdish , Phatak Ajay , Nimbalkar Somashekhar Marutirao
Published: October 2023

BACKGROUND:

Test anxiety is physiological and behavioral response that accompanies concerns about possible negative consequences of failure on an exam. Undergraduate medical students had their academics disrupted during COVID-19 pandemic. This study was done to assess levels of test anxiety among undergraduate medical students, its variance in relation to demography, COVID-19 pandemic, learning experiences, and individual factors.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:

Online questionnaire-based survey was done among undergraduate medical students from medical schools of Gujarat. Students from 1st, 2nd, and 3rd years who were about to appear in final exams from March to June 2021 and were asked to enroll on the survey. Apart from demography, COVID-19-related factors, learning experiences during lockdown, 10-item Westside test anxiety (WTA) scale was used to assess test anxiety levels and Kessler Psychological distress (K10) scale was used to assess level of psychological distress.

RESULTS:

Total of 370 students participated. Mean WTA Score was 3.15 ± 1; 60.2% of the respondents had moderate or higher levels of test anxiety. On bivariate analysis, WTA score was found significantly associated with year of study, coming from vernacular medium, various lockdown-related issues (poor internet connection, family financial problem, lack of information, worry about future), various learning experiences (self-rated proficiency with computers, feeling ill prepared for exams, feeling ill prepared for practical), and K10 score. Of these associations with K10 score, coming from vernacular medium and feeling ill-prepared for exams were maintained on multiple-linear regression.

CONCLUSIONS:

Vernacular medium of study during high school was found associated with test anxiety among medical students and can be a potential area of intervention. There may be merit in using WTA scale as a surrogate marker for distress in medical students.
Promoting students' health awareness and higher order thinking skills using E-projects strategy in learning physical and health education
Authors: Ahmed Taghread Elsayed , Seleem Heba Ali Ibrahim , Elsayed Ghada Mohamed Youssef , Housen Nour Taha Ebrahem , Abdelmoneim Mona , Eltanahi Nagla , Sofy Naglaa Mohamed Roby , Elshltawy Sara Nashat Housny
Published: October 2023

BACKGROUND:

Health awareness and higher-order thinking skills have become important requirements for higher education students because these skills make students effective problem-solvers. So, this study aimed to promote students' health awareness and higher-order thinking skills through the E-projects strategy in learning physical and health education.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:

The experimental study was conducted at Imam Abdulrahman bin Faisal University, KSA, from September 5 to December 23, 2021. The study was conducted on 250 students (age: 18.23 ± 0.66 years). They were divided into 10 groups each group prepared a different E-project according to the intended learning outcomes of the physical and health education course. To collect data, two scales were designed, the first to measure health awareness and the second to measure higher-order thinking skills. Moreover, the ADDIE model was used during the implementation of the E-projects strategy in learning. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS version 22 software. The level of significance was set at P ≤ 0.05.

RESULTS:

The results showed that there were statistically significant differences between pre and post-measurement in all studied variables in favor of post-tests for the experimental group, as the mean differences in health awareness were (29.33) and ranged from (8.63: 10.01) in higher-order thinking skills (HOTS), the percentages of improvement for health awareness was 14.66%. While the rates of improvement in the higher-order thinking skills ranged between 26.28% to 48.78%.

CONCLUSION:

The major conclusion drawn from this study was that the application of the E-projects strategy in learning physical and health education using the ADDIE model significantly influences the improvement of students' health awareness and higher-order thinking skills in higher education.
Evaluation of childbirth self-efficacy and associated factors among pregnant women
Authors: Donyaei-Mobarrez Yalda , Rezasoltani Parvaneh , Rafat Fatemeh , Kazemnejad Leyli Ehsan
Published: October 2023

BACKGROUND:

Increasing the rate of Normal Vaginal Delivery (NVD) and reducing elective cesarean section is one of the important concerns, especially in Iran. Childbirth self-efficacy can play an important role in managing the fear of childbirth and increasing the rate of NVD. The aim of this study was to determine demographic, fertility, and social factors related to childbirth self-efficacy.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:

The present study was a single-group, single-stage, multivariate, cross-sectional study that assessed childbirth self-efficacy and associated factors in 358 eligible pregnant women with gestational age of 37 weeks and over in Guilan (North Iranian province) from November 2018 to July 2019. Data collection was performed based on consecutive sampling method from the pregnant women referring to the prenatal clinic. Data collection tools included a demographic and reproductive characteristics questionnaire; Lowe's childbirth self-efficacy Inventory and Zimet's perceived social support multidimensional questionnaire.

RESULTS:

There was a significant relationship between the educational level of pregnant women and Outcome Expectancy (OE) and Self-efficacy Expectancy (EE) and also between the spousal level of education and OE (P < 0.05). Parity, previous experience of birth, participation in pregnancy preparation classes, access to information sources about childbirth, and birth preference were significantly related to OE and EE (P < 0.05). There was a significant relationship between the two domains of perceived social support, spouse and friends, and the OE and EE (P < 0.05). The multivariate logistic regression model revealed that birth preference was a predictor for OE and EE, while a pregnant woman's education level and perceived social support in the domain of significant others were predictors for OE. Spousal age, mean family income, and participation in the prenatal preparation classes were predictors for EE.

CONCLUSIONS:

Regarding the importance of self-efficacy in childbirth in encouraging pregnant women to perform NVD, pregnancy and childbirth preparation classes with an emphasis on concepts including self-efficacy of childbirth should be focused by midwives and other health-care workers in order to improve pregnant women's knowledge regarding the benefits of NVD and to strengthen their belief in the benefits of pain-compatible actions.
Recurrence of medical errors despite years of preventive measures: A grounded theory study
Authors: Aryankhesal Aidin , Aghighi Negar , Raeissi Pouran , Najafpour Zhila
Published: October 2023

BACKGROUND:

Despite great efforts to improve patient safety, serious preventable medical errors continue to occur. Accurate rooting causes of error recurrence are essential for reviewing methods to prevent them. This study aimed to identify the main causes of the recurrence of medical errors despite their previous occurrence.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:

This qualitative study was performed using the grounded theory method, with theoretical sampling from April to July 2021, through semi-structured interviews with 25 experts and treatment staff of hospitals under the auspices of four universities of medical sciences in Iran.

RESULTS:

Four main parts were identified: 1) primary and secondary factors leading to the occurrence of errors, 2) error prevention policies, 3) causes of error repetition, and 4) contextual factors.

CONCLUSION:

The attention, seriousness, and commitment of health system managers, from top to bottom, to patient safety are essential for preventing error recurrence. The institutionalization of patient safety education from universities and attention to individual, social, and cultural factors should also be given serious attention.
Level of happiness among medical students in Bihar-An online survey
Authors: Rao Rajath , Naik Bijaya Nanda , Shekhar Saket , Nirala Santosh Kumar , Singh C. M. , Verma Manisha , Ramalingam Anuvarshini
Published: October 2023

BACKGROUND:

Happiness is a state of mental well-being and influences the learning and performance of an individual. Medical education due to its academic culture and longer course duration affects the performance and happiness of the students. So, this study was done to assess the level of happiness and the factors associated with it among medical students in Bihar.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:

A cross-sectional online survey was conducted among 321 medical students of all academic years from various medical colleges in Bihar. This study used a self-administered study tool using the online Google Form platform for data collection and assessed the level of happiness using Oxford Happiness Questionnaire. A multivariable binary logistic regression analysis was done to find out the predictors of happiness.

RESULTS:

A total of 34.6% (95% CI: 29.5–39.9%) medical students were happy. Male (38.2%) students were found to be happier than female (29.2%) students. Age, place of stay, physical activity, meditation and yoga, frequent socialization, absence of psychiatric illness, and stressful situation in the family were the independent predictors of happiness. Around 42.4% of students had another career option, and 32.1% had a second thought about a career due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The presence of any psychiatric illness had a significant effect on the happiness level of the students.

CONCLUSION:

Only one in three medical students is happy. Promotion of physical activity, meditation and yoga, and socialization will improve the happiness and thereby learning among medical students.
Menstrual cup webinar series: A developing model of modified pre- and post-tests in the online teaching-learning of primary health care workers
Authors: Gupta Arti , Aravindakshan Rajeev , Sharmila Vijayan , Reddy Venkatashiva B , Marimuthu Yamini , Naidu Navya Krishna
Published: October 2023

Menstrual hygiene management, especially in resource-limited settings, is challenging. The acceptability of the menstrual cup is increasing recently in western countries whereas, in developing countries like India, the awareness, acceptability, and use of menstrual cups are very limited. We assessed the effectiveness of modified pre-post-test teaching-learning methodology in an online webinar series on menstrual cups using Moore's outcome assessment. An online webinar series on menstrual hygiene and the menstrual cup was conducted to raise awareness about the usage of menstrual cups among the health care workers like Auxiliary Nurse Midwife (ANMs), Accredited Social Health Activist (ASHAs), and Anganwadi Workers (AWWs) of the Guntur district, Andhra Pradesh, India. The questions of modified pre- and post-test were displayed. The questions were displayed to participants using the polling option in zoom. A total of 1597 health care workers participated in the menstrual cup webinar series. Of the total, 72.7% of participants responded to the job title question of which ASHA, ANMs, and AWWs were 16.8%, 34.2%, and 41.9%, respectively. The baseline knowledge of menstrual cups among primary health care workers for “heard of the menstrual cup” and “ever used/know anyone using menstrual cup” was 36.89% and 11.67%, respectively. After the webinar among the primary health care workers, the maximum gain in knowledge was seen for “menstrual cup can be cleaned in the home,” 94.53%, and the minimum gain in knowledge was on “unmarried girls can use menstrual cups,” 50.42%. The modified pre- and post-test model predicted an overall 50 percent rise in the knowledge of primary health care workers by the webinar series about a different aspect of the menstrual cup. As online webinar providers aim to provide more performance-based learning activities, current approaches to continuing medical education may become obsolete. The single most essential shift in online webinar planners can make is to incorporate modified pre-and post-test to allow for interactive and formative assessment during webinar activities.
Development of an IEC resource (brochure) on suicide prevention for college students: A qualitative study in the Indian context
Authors: Dasgupta Madhuporna , Meena Kolar Sridara Murthy , Krishnamurthy Latha , Bhola Poornima , Bordoloi Sumedha , Yadav Chandrasen , Chaturvedi Santosh K.
Published: October 2023

BACKGROUND:

Information Education Communication (IEC) materials play a vital role in behavior change by raising awareness about health issues. In India, suicide is the leading cause of death in the age group of 15–39 years, exemplifying the pressing need for raising awareness about suicide prevention. This study aimed to develop a brochure on suicide prevention for young adults with the help of scientific methodology.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:

A cross-sectional qualitative research design was used in the study, and purposive sampling was used to collect the data. The study analyzed the awareness level and existing knowledge gap about suicide prevention among college students with the help of focus group discussions (FGDs) conducted independently among mental health experts, college teachers, and college students. Based on the findings from the FGDs, a comprehensive brochure was developed. The qualitative data collected by FGDs were analyzed using direct content analysis.

RESULTS:

The findings of the FGDs helped identify the knowledge gaps with regard to young adult suicide prevention, and a brochure was prepared to address the same.

CONCLUSION:

The development of young adult suicide prevention IEC resources pertinent to Indian settings is crucial. To bridge the knowledge gap on suicide prevention among college students and raise awareness, a brochure was developed based on scientific findings of the FGDs.
Strengthening of early children's character education stunting children in Indonesia
Authors: Arifuddin Adhar , Zuchdi Darmiyati , Rosana Dadan , Arovah Novita Intan , Setiawan Caly , Prihatni Yuli , Setiawan Ari , Nur A Fahira , Dyastuti Nur Eka , Arifuddin Hidayanti
Published: October 2023

BACKGROUND:

Forming human resources (HR) with character is challenged by social phenomena that show degradation of morality, ethics, and morals, as well as violent extremism. This is the basic reason for the importance of the strengthening character education (SCE) movement, which involves education units, families, and communities, and education must be implemented from early childhood, especially for children who are stunted. This study aimed to describe how the strategy for SCE is based on early childhood education classes for stunted children.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:

This type of research is qualitative research with a phenomenological approach. The participants in this study were the headmaster and teachers of Kindergarten PGRI Donggala Regency, Indonesia, in 2022. Collecting data using a questionnaire was equipped with interviews. The data were analyzed by content analysis, namely the process of identifying, coding, and categorizing important patterns from the results of in-depth interviews.

RESULTS:

The results of the study showed various patterns that became research themes as strategies for strengthening SCE in early childhood including integrating character values in learning for stunted children, introduction of SCE to stunted children, SCE habituation to stunted children, strengthening SCE for stunted children, and reflection on SCE for stunted children. Various character values produced in SCE include religiosity, creativity, curiosity, hard work, honesty, discipline, friendship, social care, independence, and responsibility.

CONCLUSIONS:

Each school for early childhood has a learning program that focuses on developing children's abilities in terms of motor, cognitive, social–emotional, language, and religious and moral values. However, schools must also have an adequate character education program, especially in dealing with children who are stunted, social–emotional, language, and religious and moral values.
Analysis of computational intelligence approaches for predicting disease severity in humans: Challenges and research guidelines
Authors: Narasimhan Geetha , Victor Akila
Published: October 2023

The word disease is a common word and there are many diseases like heart disease, diabetes, breast cancer, COVID-19, and kidney disease that threaten humans. Data-mining methods are proving to be increasingly beneficial in the present day, especially in the field of medical applications; through the use of machine-learning methods, that are used to extract valuable information from healthcare data, which can then be used to predict and treat diseases early, reducing the risk of human life. Machine-learning techniques are useful especially in the field of health care in extracting information from healthcare data. These data are very much helpful in predicting the disease early and treating the patients to reduce the risk of human life. For classification and decision-making, data mining is very much suitable. In this paper, a comprehensive study on several diseases and diverse machine-learning approaches that are functional to predict those diseases and also the different datasets used in prediction and making decisions are discussed in detail. The drawbacks of the models from various research papers have been observed and reveal countless computational intelligence approaches. Naïve Bayes, logistic regression (LR), SVM, and random forest are able to produce the best accuracy. With further optimization algorithms like genetic algorithm, particle swarm optimization, and ant colony optimization combined with machine learning, better performance can be achieved in terms of accuracy, specificity, precision, recall, and specificity.
Addressing the challenges of AI-based telemedicine: Best practices and lessons learned
Authors: Sharma Sachin , Rawal Raj , Shah Dharmesh
Published: October 2023

Telemedicine is the use of technology to provide healthcare services and information remotely, without requiring physical proximity between patients and healthcare providers. The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has accelerated the rapid growth of telemedicine worldwide. Integrating artificial intelligence (AI) into telemedicine has the potential to enhance and expand its capabilities in addressing various healthcare needs, such as patient monitoring, healthcare information technology (IT), intelligent diagnosis, and assistance. Despite the potential benefits, implementing AI in telemedicine presents challenges that can be overcome with physician-guided implementation. AI can assist physicians in decision-making, improve healthcare delivery, and automate administrative tasks. To ensure optimal effectiveness, AI-powered telemedicine should comply with existing clinical practices and adhere to a framework adaptable to various technologies. It should also consider technical and scientific factors, including trustworthiness, reproducibility, usability, availability, and cost. Education and training are crucial for the appropriate use of new healthcare technologies such as AI-enabled telemedicine. This article examines the benefits and limitations of AI-based telemedicine in various medical domains and underscores the importance of physician-guided implementation, compliance with existing clinical practices, and appropriate education and training for healthcare providers.
Comparison of infection severity of vaccinated and unvaccinated health workers with Corona Virus: A cohort study
Authors: Ayed Alaa Y. , Younis Nasir M. , Ahmed Mahmoud M.
Published: October 2023

BACKGROUND:

Hospital staff members are most susceptible to the COVID-19 illness, which is currently prevented through vaccination. Hospital staff members also refuse vaccinations, albeit the underlying causes have not been identified. The study aimed to compare the severity of the symptoms of the disease on the body for health workers who took the coronavirus vaccine and those who did not take the vaccine.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:

This cohort study aimed to estimate the of infection severity of vaccinated and unvaccinated health workers with Corona Virus in Mosul Hospital, Iraq. Data were obtained from the General Mosul Hospital, Nineveh, Iraq. The first of the three components of this questionnaire outlined the demographic characteristics. Second part: First group of unvaccinated Health care workers included those who had not received the COVID-19 immunization or had only gotten one dose of the vaccine; the second group included those who had received their first dose of Corona vaccine and the third group included those who had received two doses of Corona Vaccine. HCWs who got corona vaccine were included in the three-dose final group.

RESULTS:

The study's findings indicate that as compared to the corona vaccination, the vaccinated experienced less severe infection symptoms and fewer dosage stays. The high share of healthcare workers among the 20- to 30-year-olds who received vaccinations accounts for the gender gap between the vaccinated and unvaccinated groups.

CONCLUSION:

This study concluded that the results of the corona vaccine are not consistent among the various groups of HCWs. The acceptability of vaccinations is practically unanimous among nurses, but less so among doctors and other healthcare professionals.
Blended learning and simulation in nursing education: A quasi-experimental study on a nursing institute
Authors: Merrou Soumia , Baslam Abdelmounaim , Idrissi Jouicha Abdellah , Ouhaz Zakaria , El Adib Ahmed Rhassan
Published: October 2023

BACKGROUND:

The nursing module teaches basic nursing principles and procedures to undergraduate nursing students. This course is important for the acquisition of procedural and psychomotor skills. The aim of the present study is to evaluate the influence of blended training on the acquisition of practical skills related to gastric insertion tubes.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:

A quasi-experimental study was undertaken, containing three groups: The blended group benefited from e-learning, followed by simulation), while the two groups benefited from theoretical teaching and procedural simulation. Then, the degrees of acquisition of declarative and procedural knowledge and the time of completion were measured.

RESULTS:

The declarative knowledge grade was higher in the Simulation (16.07) and Blended (15.21) groups than in the Traditional Group (11.66), with a statistically significant difference (P < 0.001). The results also showed a statistically significant difference between the procedural knowledge grades of the three groups (P < 0.001). A statistically significant correlation was detected between declarative and procedural knowledge scores (r = 0.58, P < 0.001) and a negative correlation between procedural knowledge and the time of completion (r = -0.422, P < 0.001).

CONCLUSIONS:

The results of this experimentation confirm the positive effect of the blended learning approach on the acquisition of declarative and procedural knowledge as well as the time management allocated to teaching.
Post-discharge follow-up system in psychiatric patients: A case study of Farabi Hospital in Isfahan
Authors: Yaghoubi Maryam , Behzadnezhad Mohammad Mahdi , Shaarbafchizadeh Nasrin , Javadi Marzieh , Alizade Mojtaba
Published: October 2023

BACKGROUND:

Mental illness is one of the most common problems in human societies and the continuation of care and post-discharge follow-up. This study was conducted to define a post-discharge follow-up framework for Farabi Hospital in Isfahan.

MATERIAL AND METHODS:

This was a multistage study, including, interviews literature review, and focus group discussions. Participants included 18 purposefully selected nurses, physicians, and managers, directly involved in the discharge process of Farabi Hospital in Isfahan. The interviews were semi-structured. Data were organized using MAXQDA10 software. The initial framework was set through the extraction of semantic main and secondary codes. The framework was finalized through three several focus group discussion sessions.

RESULTS:

Results included of 17 sub-categories and seven main categories as “education,” organizational arrangement,” “team-building,” “patient and family participation and trust,” “engaging some supportive institutions of community,” “process management” and “information management.”

CONCLUSIONS:

To implement a post-discharge follow-up system for psychiatric patients in Farabi Hospital of Isfahan must be concentrated to patient and family education, team building, organizational arrangements, participation, and trust of patients and family, while engaging community health centers and notice to information and management and process management.