bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
TOPSIS Method Based on Intuitionistic Fuzzy Soft Set and Its Application to Diagnosis of Ovarian Cancer
Authors: Masmali Ibtisam , Ahmad Ali , Azeem Muhammad , Koam Ali N. A. , Alharbi Rehab
Published: June 2024

Fuzzy set theory is a mathematical method for dealing with uncertainty and imprecision in decision-making. Some of the challenges and complexities involved in medical diagnosis can be addressed with the help of fuzzy set theory. Ovarian cancer is a disease that affects the female reproductive system's ovaries, which also make the hormones progesterone and estrogen. The ovarian cancer stages demonstrate how far the disease has spread from the ovaries to other organs. The TOPSIS technique (Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution) aids in selecting the best option from a selection of choices by taking into account a number of variables. It provides a ranking or preference order after weighing the benefits and drawbacks of each solution. Intuitionistic fuzzy soft set (IFSS) is the framework to deal with the uncertain information with the help of the parameters. The goal of this article is to develop some basic aggregation operators (AOs) based on the IFSS and then use them to diagnose the stages of the ovarian cancer using the TOPSIS technique. Furthermore, the variation of the parameters used in the developed model AOs is also observed and graphically represented.
Short-Term Electrical Load Forecasting Based on Fuzzy Rough Set Feature Selection and Multi-kernel Extreme Learning Machine
Authors: Liu Gang , Jin ZhiYuan , Yu HongZhong
Published: June 2024

As the complexity of power systems increases, accurate load forecasting becomes crucial. This paper proposes a method for short-term electrical load forecasting that integrates fuzzy rough set (FRS) theory and multi-kernel extreme learning machine (MKELM) to improve both the accuracy and reliability of load predictions. First, we introduce the FRS theory for pre-selecting features. Next, we use correlation analysis (CA) to get rid of redundant features and choose the most important ones as prediction targets. Second, we introduce a novel prediction model based on the multi-kernel extreme learning machine (MKELM), utilizing an enhanced differential evolution algorithm (DEA) to optimize the kernel function’s parameters and the model’s weights. This approach allows for effective adaptation to various feature subsets. Experimental results on actual power load data demonstrate that our approach achieves high accuracy and reliability in short-term load forecasting. Moreover, comparative evaluations reveal that the proposed method outperforms alternative prediction models on key metrics. ANOVA and multiple comparisons further validate the statistical significance and superiority of the proposed method.
Profile distribution and edaphic controls of soil organic carbon in dominant soil orders of Chitwan, Nepal
Authors: Ghimire Sunil , Ojha Roshan Babu , Shrivastav Chandeshwor , Bhatta Sandesh , Panday Dinesh
Published: June 2024

Soil profile distribution of soil organic carbon (SOC) in different soil types provides information about the carbon (C) dynamics in terrestrial ecosystems, and is also important for understanding climate feedback mechanisms and for developing a proper farm level SOC management decision. However, there are limited studies on it when we consider soil horizons of dominant soil orders of Nepal, which mostly use a fixed depth approach rather than horizon-based approach while studying profile SOC distribution. We collected soils from master horizons (0 to 100 cm) of three dominant soil orders (Alfisols, Entisols, and Inceptisols) in Chitwan district of Nepal, to understand the controlling factors of SOC accumulation. Dominant soil order regions were identified using a soil map prepared by the National Land Use Planning Project where a pit of 1 m3 was dug for each soil order and replicated four times. The highest SOC concentration (10.1 ± 0.6 g kg−1) was found in Alfisols followed by Entisols (8.8 ± 0.3 g kg−1) and Inceptisols (7.2 ± 8.9 g kg−1). Similarly, the highest SOC stock was found in the soil profile of Alfisols (200.01 ± 15.97 t ha−1) followed by Entisols (124.67 ± 12.20 t ha−1) and Inceptisols (113.27 ± 10.30 t ha−1) horizons. Surface (A) horizons of all three-soil order had significantly higher SOC than sub-surface (B and C) horizons. Regression analysis showed significant variability in SOC to clay content (R2 = 0.45, p < 0.0001), sand (R2 = 0.19, p < 0.001), and total nitrogen (N; R2 = 0.835, p < 0.001). Principal component analysis showed that the controlling edaphic factors differ with the soil types considering SOC change in the whole soil profile. Overall, we found that soil pH, N, clay and sand contents are the major controlling factors that drive the SOC accrual in dominant soil orders of Nepal.

Graphical Abstract
Contrasts in ecological assessment and tourism sector perceptions of coral reefs: a case study at Islas Marietas National Park
Authors: Burroughs Carina , Rodríguez-Troncoso Alma Paola
Published: June 2024

Understanding and incorporating stakeholders' perceptions is fundamental to effectively managing marine protected areas (MPAs). Islas Marietas National Park (IMNP), an ecologically important coral reef ecosystem in the Central Mexican Pacific (CMP), has experienced major fluctuations in tourism pressures, environmental health, and regulatory changes in the past decade, which has led to efforts in its monitoring and restoration; however, limited research has been conducted to understand stakeholders’ perceptions of the social-ecological system. The present study integrates ecological attributes of the park, primarily changes in live coral cover (LCC), and stakeholders’ perceptions of the coral reef ecosystem to determine how users and tourism operators perceive the ecological changes in the area. It employs a mixed-methods approach, including ecological markers such as changes in live coral cover from 2012 to 2022 and recent surveys collected from tourism stakeholders. The results show that while live coral cover increased from 12.11 ± 6.21% in 2012 to 25.29 ± 15.00%, tourists and tourism operators perceive a decrease and degradation of the natural environment. In addition, tourists perceive a major ecological decline than tourism operators, and this perception is not correlated with their age range. Perceptions of environmental health do not align with the health status assessed by ecological monitoring, and the lack of awareness of ecological recovery at IMNP may hinder management efforts’ continued and expanded success. Therefore, developing more effective communication initiatives, citizen involvement, and education is important for conserving and managing coral communities in the park.
Aging and homeostasis of the hypodermis in the age-related deterioration of skin function
Authors: Liu Meiqi , Lu Feng , Feng Jingwei
Published: June 2024

Adipose tissues in the hypodermis, the crucial stem cell reservoir in the skin and the endocrine organ for the maintenance of skin homeostasis undergo significant changes during skin aging. Dermal white adipose tissue (dWAT) has recently been recognized as an important organ for both non-metabolic and metabolic health in skin regeneration and rejuvenation. Defective differentiation, adipogenesis, improper adipocytokine production, and immunological dissonance dysfunction in dWAT lead to age-associated clinical changes. Here, we review age-related alterations in dWAT across levels, emphasizing the mechanisms underlying the regulation of aging. We also discuss the pathogenic changes involved in age-related fat dysfunction and the unfavorable consequences of accelerated skin aging, such as chronic inflammaging, immunosenescence, delayed wound healing, and fibrosis. Research has shown that adipose aging is an early initiation event and a potential target for extending longevity. We believe that adipose tissues play an essential role in aging and form a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of age-related skin diseases. Further research is needed to improve our understanding of this phenomenon.
Ocular vs neurosyphilis. are they the same? A guide to investigation and management
Authors: Reid Gerard A. , Halmagyi Gabor Michael , Whyte Claudia , McCluskey Peter J.
Published: June 2024

This article reviews key concepts in the epidemiology, clinical features, diagnosis and management of ocular syphilis. It is not a systematic review or meta-analysis, but highlights the critical clinical features and investigations in patients with ocular syphilis. It reviews the overlap and interplay between ocular and neuro syphilis and provides practical guidance to diagnose and manage patients with ocular syphilis.
Functional phenotypes in schizophrenia spectrum disorders: defining the constructs and identifying biopsychosocial correlates using data-driven methods
Authors: Tang Sunny X. , Hänsel Katrin , Oliver Lindsay D. , Dickie Erin W. , Hawco Colin , John Majnu , Voineskos Aristotle , Gold James M. , Buchanan Robert W. , Malhotra Anil K.
Published: June 2024

Functional impairments contribute to poor quality of life in schizophrenia spectrum disorders (SSD). We sought to (Objective I) define the main functional phenotypes in SSD, then (Objective II) identify key biopsychosocial correlates, emphasizing interpretable data-driven methods. Objective I was tested on independent samples: Dataset I (N = 282) and Dataset II (N = 317), with SSD participants who underwent assessment of multiple functioning areas. Participants were clustered based on functioning. Objective II was evaluated in Dataset I by identifying key features for classifying functional phenotype clusters from among 65 sociodemographic, psychological, clinical, cognitive, and brain volume measures. Findings were replicated across latent discriminant analyses (LDA) and one-vs.-rest binomial regularized regressions to identify key predictors. We identified three clusters of participants in each dataset, demonstrating replicable functional phenotypes: Cluster 1—poor functioning across domains; Cluster 2—impaired Role Functioning, but partially preserved Independent and Social Functioning; Cluster 3—good functioning across domains. Key correlates were Avolition, anhedonia, left hippocampal volume, and measures of emotional intelligence and subjective social experience. Avolition appeared more closely tied to role functioning, and anhedonia to independent and social functioning. Thus, we found three replicable functional phenotypes with evidence that recovery may not be uniform across domains. Avolition and anhedonia were both critical but played different roles for different functional domains. It may be important to identify critical functional areas for individual patients and target interventions accordingly.
Confinement of Dirac fermions in gapped graphene
Authors: Pakdel Fatemeh , Maleki Mohammad Ali
Published: June 2024

We explore the electronic transport characteristics of gapped graphene subjected to a perpendicular magnetic field and scalar potential barriers. Employing the Dirac–Weyl Hamiltonian and the transfer-matrix method, we calculate the transmission and conductance of the system. Our investigation delves into the impact of the energy, the gap energy parameter ($$\Delta $$
Δ
) and the magnetic flux parameters, including the number of magnetic barriers (N), the magnetic field strength (B) and the width of the magnetic barriers. We demonstrate that manipulating energy and total magnetic flux parameters allow precise control over the range of incident angle variation. Moreover, adjusting the tunable parameter $$\Delta $$
Δ
effectively confines quasiparticles within the magnetic system under study. Notably, an increase in N results in a strong wave vector filtering effect. The resonance effects and the peaks in the transmission and conductance versus $$\Delta $$
Δ
are observed for $$N>1$$

N
>
1

. The tunability of the system’s transport properties, capable of being toggled on or off, is demonstrated by adjusting $$\Delta $$
Δ
and B. As $$\Delta $$
Δ
or B increases, we observe suppression of the transmission and conductance beyond critical parameter values.
A dual-track feature fusion model utilizing Group Shuffle Residual DeformNet and swin transformer for the classification of grape leaf diseases
Authors: Karthik R. , Vardhan Gadige Vishnu , Khaitan Shreyansh , Harisankar R. N. R. , Menaka R. , Lingaswamy Sindhia , Won Daehan
Published: June 2024

Grape cultivation is important globally, contributing to the agricultural economy and providing diverse grape-based products. However, the susceptibility of grapes to disease poses a significant threat to yield and quality. Traditional disease identification methods demand expert knowledge, which limits scalability and efficiency. To address these limitations our research aims to design an automated deep learning approach for grape leaf disease detection. This research introduces a novel dual-track network for classifying grape leaf diseases, employing a combination of the Swin Transformer and Group Shuffle Residual DeformNet (GSRDN) tracks. The Swin Transformer track exploits shifted window techniques to construct hierarchical feature maps, enhancing global feature extraction. Simultaneously, the GSRDN track combines Group Shuffle Depthwise Residual block and Deformable Convolution block to extract local features with reduced computational complexity. The features from both tracks are concatenated and processed through Triplet Attention for cross-dimensional interaction. The proposed model achieved an accuracy of 98.6%, the precision, recall, and F1-score are recorded as 98.7%, 98.59%, and 98.64%, respectively as validated on a dataset containing grape leaf disease information from the PlantVillage dataset, demonstrating its potential for efficient grape disease classification.
Unobtrusive measurement of gait parameters using seismographs: An observational study
Authors: Single Michael , Bruhin Lena C. , Naef Aileen C. , Krack Paul , Nef Tobias , Gerber Stephan M.
Published: June 2024

Analyzing irregularities in walking patterns helps detect human locomotion abnormalities that can signal health changes. Traditional observation-based assessments have limitations due to subjective biases and capture only a single time point. Ambient and wearable sensor technologies allow continuous and objective locomotion monitoring but face challenges due to the need for specialized expertise and user compliance. This work proposes a seismograph-based algorithm for quantifying human gait, incorporating a step extraction algorithm derived from mathematical morphologies, with the goal of achieving the accuracy of clinical reference systems. To evaluate our method, we compared the gait parameters of 50 healthy participants, as recorded by seismographs, and those obtained from reference systems (a pressure-sensitive walkway and a camera system). Participants performed four walking tests, including traversing a walkway and completing the timed up-and-go (TUG) test. In our findings, we observed linear relationships with strong positive correlations (R2 > 0.9) and tight 95% confidence intervals for all gait parameters (step time, cycle time, ambulation time, and cadence). We demonstrated that clinical gait parameters and TUG mobility test timings can be accurately derived from seismographic signals, with our method exhibiting no significant differences from established clinical reference systems.
Temporal analysis of prevalence and antibiotic-resistance patterns in Stenotrophomonas maltophilia clinical isolates in a 19-year retrospective study
Authors: AlFonaisan Meshal K. , Mubaraki Murad A. , Althawadi Sahar I. , Obeid Dalia A. , Al-Qahtani Ahmed A. , Almaghrabi Reem S. , Alhamlan Fatimah S.
Published: June 2024

Stenotrophomonas maltophilia is a nonfermenting gram-negative bacterium associated with multiple nosocomial outbreaks. Antibiotic resistance increases healthcare costs, disease severity, and mortality. Multidrug-resistant infections (such as S. maltophilia infection) are difficult to treat with conventional antimicrobials. This study aimed to investigate the isolation rates, and resistance trends of S. maltophilia infections over the past 19 years, and provide future projections until 2030. In total, 4466 patients with S. maltophilia infection were identified. The adult and main surgical intensive care unit (ICU) had the highest numbers of patients (32.2%), followed by the cardiology department (29.8%), and the paediatric ICU (10%). The prevalence of S. maltophilia isolation increased from 7% [95% confidence interval (CI) 6.3–7.7%] in 2004–2007 to 15% [95% CI 10.7–19.9%] in 2020–2022. Most S. maltophilia isolates were resistant to ceftazidime (72.5%), levofloxacin (56%), and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (14.05%), according to our study. A consistent and significant difference was found between S. maltophilia-positive ICU patients and non-ICU patients (P = 0.0017) during the three-year pandemic of COVID-19 (2019–2021). The prevalence of S. maltophilia isolates is expected to reach 15.08% [95% CI 12.58–17.59%] by 2030. Swift global action is needed to address this growing issue; healthcare authorities must set priorities and monitor infection escalations and treatment shortages.
Prediction of fluid responsiveness in spontaneously breathing patients with hemodynamic stability: a prospective repeated-measures study
Authors: Kim Yong Hwan , Lee Jae Hoon
Published: June 2024

Evaluating fluid responsiveness with dynamic parameters is recommended for fluid management. However, in hemodynamically stable patients who are breathing spontaneously, accurately measuring stroke volume variation via echocardiography and passive leg raising is challenging due to subtle SV changes. This study aimed to identify normal SV changes in healthy volunteers and evaluate the precision of hemodynamic parameters in screening mild hypovolemia in patients. This prospective, repeated-measures, cross-sectional study screened 269 subjects via echocardiography. Initially, 45 healthy volunteers underwent a fluid challenge test, the outcomes of which served as criteria to screen 215 ICU patients. Among these patients, 53 underwent additional fluid challenge testing. Hemodynamic parameters, including medians of maximum velocity time integrals (VTImaxs), peak velocity of VTImax (PV), internal jugular vein diameters (IJVD), and area (IJVA) were repeatedly measured first at a 60° upper body elevation (UBE), second in a supine position, third at UBE, fourth in a supine position, and lastly in a supine position after fluid loading. The hemodynamic responses to the position changes were compared between 83 fluid non-responders and 15 fluid responders. Fluid responsiveness was defined as fluid-induced medians’ change of VTImaxs (fluid-induced median VTImax change) ≥ 10%. None of the healthy volunteers showed the mean value of repeatedly measured medians of VTImaxs ≥ 7%, following either UBE position (UBE-induced median VTImax change) or fluid loading (fluid-induced median VTImax change). UBE-induced median VTImax and PV changes were significantly correlated with fluid responsiveness (p < 0.001, AUC 0.959; p < 0.001, AUC 0.804). The significant correlations were demonstrated via multivariable analysis using binary logistic regression (p = 0.001, OR 90.1) and the correlation coefficient (R2 = 0.793) using linear regression analysis. UBE-induced median VTImax changes (≥ 11.8% and 7.98%) predicted fluid-induced median VTImax changes ≥ 10% and 7% (AUC 0.959 and 0.939). The collapsibility and variation of IJVD and IJVA showed no significant correlation. An increase in the mean value of medians of repeatedly measured VTImaxs transitioning from an UBE to a supine position, effectively screened mild hypovolemia and demonstrated a significant correlation with fluid responsiveness in spontaneously breathing patients maintaining hemodynamic stability.
Phase II trial of pembrolizumab, ipilimumab, and aspirin in melanoma: clinical outcomes and translational predictors of response
Authors: Quandt Zoe , Jacob Saya , Fadlullah Muhammad Zaki Hidayatullah , Wu Chaorong , Wu Clinton , Huppert Laura , Levine Lauren S. , Sison Paula , Tsai Katy K. , Chow Melissa , Kang Jee Hye , Hwang Jimmy , Lee James C. , Oglesby Ariel , Venegas Jessica , Brintz Ben J. , Tan Aik Choon , Anderson Mark S. , Rosenblum Michael D. , Young Arabella , Daud Adil I.
Published: June 2024

Objective

Many patients with melanoma treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) do not derive response. Preclinical and retrospective studies identified that inhibition of the cyclooxygenase (COX) pathway may improve response to ICI treatment.

Methods

This prospective single site phase II trial accrued patients with advanced/metastatic melanoma. Participants underwent high-dose aspirin daily combined with pembrolizumab and ipilimumab every 3 weeks for 4 cycles followed by high-dose aspirin and pembrolizumab monotherapy. The primary endpoint was objective response rate (ORR). Longitudinal sampling of blood was performed to assess peripheral immune correlates.

Results

Twenty-seven subjects were enrolled with median follow-up of 32 months. An ORR of 62.9% was reached prior to discontinuation due to low likelihood of achieving the pre-specified ORR of 80%. 17 patients (63%) experienced a treatment-related adverse event (TRAEs) grade 3 or higher. A per-protocol analysis showed that patients able to continue aspirin alongside ICI through the induction period experienced significant survival benefit. Ten cytokines and increased regulatory T cells in the periphery correlated with beneficial response.

Conclusions

The addition of high-dose aspirin to combination ICI within this study results in response comparable to ICI alone. Future clinical studies of COX inhibition will need to focus on mitigation of AEs to establish the clinical utility of this combination.
Design issues with lutetium-177 PSMA-617 registration studies that bias the outcome of the experimental arm reflect an increasing misalignment of contemporary oncology trials with true patient benefit
Authors: Schnog J. B. , Duits A. J. , Samson M. J.
Published: June 2024

In the PSMAfore randomized controlled trial patients with chemotherapy naïve castrate resistant metastasized prostate cancer (CRPC) progressing after one line of a second-generation androgen receptor signaling inhibitor (ARSI) were randomized to the experimental arm of lutetium-177 PSMA-617 or the control arm of another ARSI. The trial showed an increase in the primary endpoint radiographic progression free survival in the experimental arm. Previously, the VISION trial led to the approval of lutetium-177 PSMA-617 in patients with CRPC progressing after at least 1 second generation ARSI and at least 1 line of chemotherapy with a taxane. We highlight several shortcomings in both trials concerning use of putative surrogate endpoints, control arm treatments not reflective of contemporary standards of care, informative censoring and inappropriate cross-over, that all bias results in favor of the experimental arms. Additional regulatory approval of lutetium-177 PSMA-617 for patients prior to receiving chemotherapy would not only lead to further exposure of patients to a treatment without proper proof of benefit but to unsubstantiated health care spending as well.
Challenges and recent advances in MOF-based gas separation membranes
Authors: Su Wenjun , Xiang Yangyang , Dai Yangyang , Wang Yuanyuan , Zhong Suyue , Li Jian
Published: June 2024

Schematic diagram of high performance gas separation membrane.
Aptamer-assisted phage display: enhancing checkpoint inhibition with a peptide and an aptamer targeting distinct sites on a single PD-L1 protein
Authors: Arya Satya Prakash , Thennakoon Siddhartha Kalpa Samadhi , Phuoc Chien Minh Tran , Silwal Achut Prasad , Jahan Raunak , Postema Rick Mason , Timilsina Hari , Reynolds Andrew Michael , Tan Xiaohong
Published: June 2024

Utilizing a novel approach known as aptamer-assisted phage display (APD), we identified an anti-PD-L1 peptide, NV Pep, capable of simultaneous binding to PD-L1 alongside the DNA aptamer MJ5C.
Alkyl nitrite-enabled palladium-catalyzed terminal selective oxidative cyclization of 4-penten-1-ols
Authors: Iwanami Ayaka , Komori Saki , Ura Yasuyuki
Published: June 2024

Oxidative cyclization of 4-penten-1-ols using a Pd catalyst and n-BuONO or n-BuONO/p-benzoquinone afforded 3-hydroxy- and 3-methoxytetrahydropyrans via terminal attack.
Reactive capture and electrochemical conversion of CO2 with ionic liquids and deep eutectic solvents
Authors: Dongare Saudagar , Zeeshan Muhammad , Aydogdu Ahmet Safa , Dikki Ruth , Kurtoğlu-Öztulum Samira F. , Coskun Oguz Kagan , Muñoz Miguel , Banerjee Avishek , Gautam Manu , Ross R. Dominic , Stanley Jared S. , Brower Rowan S. , Muchharla Baleeswaraiah , Sacci Robert L. , Velázquez Jesús M. , Kumar Bijandra , Yang Jenny Y. , Hahn Christopher , Keskin Seda , Morales-Guio Carlos G. , Uzun Alper , Spurgeon Joshua M. , Gurkan Burcu
Published: June 2024

Ionic liquids (ILs) and deep eutectic solvents (DESs) have tremendous potential for reactive capture of CO2, due to their highly properties, including a wide electrochemical stability window, low volatility, and high CO2 solubility.
Synthesis, magnetic and NMR spectroscopic properties of the MAl5Pt3 series (M = Ca, Y, La–Nd, Sm–Er)
Authors: Engel Stefan , Gießelmann Elias C. J. , Schumacher Lars , Zhang Yuemei , Müller Frank , Janka Oliver
Published: June 2024

Synthesis, structure and bonding, magnetic, NMR as well as XPS properties of several new ternary aluminum intermetallics are reported.
Individual and interaction effects of monounsaturated fatty acids on their associations with hypertension in Chinese residents
Authors: Liu Yuyan , Liang Yuanhong , Zhao Xiaoyu , Ma Shuxian , Sun Guifan , Li Yongfang
Published: June 2024

Hypertension was inversely associated with MUFA17, MUFA18 and MUFA20 and positively associated with MUFA15. Mutual interactions existed among these MUFAs, and fat accumulation might potentially underlie their associations with hypertension.
Uranium isotopic analysis in unpurified solutions by ICP-MS
Authors: Scott Sean R. , Hobbs Kirby P. , French Amanda D. , Arnquist Isaac J. , Alcantar Anguiano Sonia , Sullivan Daniel L. , Herman Staci M.
Published: June 2024

Uranium isotope analysis in unpurified samples using ICP-MS provides accurate results across platforms.
Polymer macroligands passivate halide perovskite surfaces
Authors: Dementyev Mykyta , Jones Lindsay F. , Brennan Michael C. , Grusenmeyer Tod A. , Waugaman Seth D. , Mathers Robert T. , Hickey Robert J.
Published: June 2024

Polymers with nitrogen-containing groups act as polymer macroligands that will preferentially bind to and passivate perovskite surface, resulting in enhanced optical properties.
Ion transport in fibrous electrodes for desalination cells: a three-dimensional Boltzmann simulation
Authors: Yao Shouguang , Yao Hongjiang , Yang Yihao , Liu Rui
Published: June 2024

A 3-dimensional (3D) model was used to capture a realistic geometry of the fibrous electrodes and accurately simulate the internal electrochemical reactions.
Halogen bonded associates of iodonium salts with 18-crown-6: does structural flexibility or structural rigidity of the σ-hole donor provide efficient substrate ligation?
Authors: Sysoeva Alexandra A. , Novikov Alexander S. , Il’in Mikhail V. , Bolotin Dmitrii S.
Published: June 2024

An acyclic diphenyliodonium cation forms stronger interactions with a bulky Lewis base than a cyclic dibenziodolium cation.
Dynamic memristor for physical reservoir computing
Authors: Zhang Qi-Rui , Ouyang Wei-Lun , Wang Xue-Mei , Yang Fan , Chen Jian-Gang , Wen Zhi-Xing , Liu Jia-Xin , Wang Ge , Liu Qing , Liu Fu-Cai
Published: June 2024

This minireview explores the tunable dynamic properties and potential applications of memristor-based physical reservoir computing.
Cross-coupling of CO and an isocyanide mediated by a tetrameric magnesium hydride cluster
Authors: Yang Wenbang , White Andrew J. P. , Crimmin Mark R.
Published: June 2024

Sequential addition of CNXyl (Xyl = 2,6-dimethylphenyl) and CO to a tetrametallic magnesium hydride cluster results in stepwise reduction and cross-coupling of these substrates.
Advancing the enzymatic toolkit for 2′-fluoro arabino nucleic acid (FANA) manipulation: phosphorylation, ligation, replication, and templating RNA transcription
Authors: Liu Yingyu , Wang Jun , Wu Yashu , Wang Yajun
Published: June 2024

Scheme of the amplification of DNA–FANA chimera via single-fNTP substitutional PCR, the synthesis of RNA from DNA–FANA chimeric templates via IVT, followed by the activation of the fluorescent spinach aptamer upon the addition of DFHBI.
Extraction of bioactive compounds from beach-cast brown algae: a review on accelerated solvent extraction and subcritical water extraction
Authors: Zhang Yu , Hawboldt Kelly , MacQuarrie Stephanie
Published: June 2024

Pressurized water extraction techniques (ASE and SCWE) are potentially more sustainable for extracting bioactive compounds from beach-cast brown algae than conventional solvent extraction on both small and large scales.
Optimising the tumour elimination payoff in cancer therapy
Authors: Burroughs Nigel J. , Leuridan Mathilde L. C.
Published: June 2024

A new payoff function is proposed for cancer treatment optimisation, the tumour elimination payoff (TEP), that incorporates the increase in lifespan if tumour elimination is achieved. The TEP is discounted by drug toxicity and by potential risks, such as metastasis and mutation. An approximation is used for the probability of tumour elimination, , giving a terminal payoff with an exponential dependence on the final tumour size . The optimal solutions for this payoff for simple tumour growth models, (logistic and Gompertz growth), are determined. Using Pontryagin's maximum principle it is proved that bang–bang optimal solutions exist with a single switch; specifically delayed treatment and treat‐and‐stop solutions at maximum tolerated dose (MTD) exist. There is also a singular arc with constant tumour size. Solutions either have a high probability, respectively, low probability of tumour elimination; these correspond to a post‐treatment high probability of cure, and a high probability of relapse, respectively. Optimising over the time horizon results in solutions that are either MTD throughout or no treatment, that is, treatment is either beneficial or detrimental. For the logistic growth model, the treatment benefit phase diagram is derived with respect to the patient's expected increase in lifespan and tumour size.
Enhanced target detection using fractional Fourier transform features with threshold‐modified normalization
Authors: Guan Jian , Jiang Xingyu , Liu Ningbo , Ding Hao , Dong Yunlong , Liu Tong
Published: June 2024

Feature extraction from the normalized transformation domain is a key technique in target detection. Traditional normalization approaches assume that matrix elements follow a normal distribution, but any deviations from this assumption can lead to significant systematic errors. This article presents a novel method that modifies the normalization process in the fractional Fourier transform (FRFT) domain by incorporating a threshold mechanism to counteract the effects of non‐normal distributions. Three modified FRFT features are then extracted from this modified FRFT domain. Furthermore, a target detection method that utilizes these three adjusted features is proposed. Experimental results based on measured data indicate that the modified FRFT features exhibit superior classification capabilities for sea clutter and targets compared to the original ones. Additionally, the experiments also demonstrate that under the same conditions, the proposed detection method outperforms traditional FRFT feature detector and the tri‐feature based detector.
Role of Anti-Müllerian Hormone in Male Reproduction and Sperm Motility
Authors: Benderradji Hamza , Prasivoravong Julie , Marcelli François , Leroy Clara
Published: June 2024

Anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) is secreted by Sertoli cells and is responsible for the regression of Müllerian ducts in the male fetus as part of the sexual differentiation process. Serum AMH concentrations are at their lowest levels in the first days after birth but increase after the first week, likely reflecting active Sertoli cell proliferation. AMH rises rapidly in concentration in boys during the first month, reaching a peak level at ∼6 months of age, and it remains high during childhood, then they will slowly decline during puberty, falling to low levels in adulthood. Serum AMH measurement is used by pediatric endocrinologist as a specific marker of immature Sertoli cell number and function during childhood. After puberty, AMH is released especially by the apical pole of the Sertoli cells toward the lumen of the seminiferous tubules, resulting in higher levels in the seminal plasma than in the serum. Recently, AMH has received increasing attention in research on male fertility–related disorders. This article reviews and summarizes the potential contribution of serum AMH measurement in different male fertility–related disorders.
Compact computer controlled biaxial tensile device for low-temperature transport measurements of layered materials
Authors: Zaitsev-Zotov S. V.
Published: June 2024

A biaxial tensile device for the transport study of layered materials is described. The device is mounted on the standard 24 pin zero force connector and can be moved between various setups. The compact design of the device makes it suitable for a wide range of studies. In our case, it is placed inside a 50 mm diameter chamber in the cryocooler and is used in the temperature range 9–310 K. A sample is glued in the center of a polyimide cruciform substrate, the ends of which are connected to a tension system driven by four computer-controlled stepper motors providing tensile force up to 30 N. Computer simulation results and their experimental verification show that tensile strain along one axis depends on the tensile load along the perpendicular direction, and this dependence turns out to be relatively strong and exceeds 40%. The operation of the device is demonstrated by studying the effect of deformation on the electrical conductivity of the layered compound 2H-NbS2.
Sign reversal and amplitude enhancement of unidirectional magnetoresistance in CoFe2O4/Pt heterostructures due to spin canting
Authors: Guo J. Q. , Meng K. K. , Zhang T. Z. , Liu J. J. , Chen J. K. , Wu Y. , Xu X. G. , Jiang Y.
Published: June 2024

We report the observation of unidirectional magnetoresistance (UMR) in the ferrimagnetic insulator CoFe2O4(CFO)/Pt heterostructures, which stem from the giant interfacial Rashba–Edelstein effect. Furthermore, UMR has been found to show sign reversal and amplitude enhancement characteristics with decrease in temperature. We have ascribed it to the modulated distortion of Fermi contours due to pronounced spin canting at low temperatures. The presence of spin canting induced interfacial magnetic state has also been demonstrated by spin Hall magnetoresistance in CFO/Pt/Co/Al2O3 films. Our work reveals the interfacial magnetic state modulated UMR in CFO/Pt bilayers, thereby paving the way for extending its applications in ferrimagnet-based spintronic devices.
Verification and characteristics of continuous rotating detonation waves in a novel rounded-rectangle hollow combustor
Authors: Fan Weijie , Peng Haoyang , Liu Shijie , Zhong Shenghui , Liu Weidong , Zhang Hailong , Yuan Xueqiang
Published: June 2024

A noncircular cross-sectioned combustor holds the potential to facilitate the flexible design of continuous rotating detonation (CRD) engines, meeting the demands of airframe/engine integration. In this study, we propose and validate a novel rounded-rectangle hollow combustor comprising arc and straight segments. We conduct experimental and numerical investigations into the detailed propagation and combustion characteristics of the CRD wave in this combustor. The results demonstrate that a single hydrogen–air CRD wave can be achieved and sustained over a wide equivalence ratio (ER) range. As the ER increases from 0.71 to 1.25, the CRD wave's propagation velocity escalates from 1837.1 to 2190.8 m/s, with a substantial decrease in the relative standard deviation from 9.76% to 0.85%. The curvature variation along the combustor circumference influences the local propagation velocity, combustion intensity, shock wave strength, and shock wave system. Specifically, the constraints imposed by the arc segment significantly enhance combustion intensity and amplify shock wave strength. This is evident through a higher heat release rate fraction (fHRR), increased pressure peaks, and elevated propagation velocity. At the straight segment, the shock wave system comprises the CRD wave, leading, and trailing diffracted shock waves. However, the constraint from the arc segment leads to the formation of an additional reflected shock wave, altering the shock wave system to include the CRD wave, the reflected shock wave, and the leading diffracted shock wave. Thus, this study advances our understanding of CRD characteristics in noncircular cross-sectioned combustors, providing insight to the design theory for CRD engine combustors.
Structure and slow dynamics of protein hydration water with cryopreserving DMSO and trehalose upon cooling
Authors: Iorio Antonio , Perin Leonardo , Gallo Paola
Published: June 2024

We study, through molecular dynamics simulations, three aqueous solutions with one lysozyme protein and three different concentrations of trehalose and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO). We analyze the structural and dynamical properties of the protein hydration water upon cooling. We find that trehalose plays a major role in modifying the structure of the network of HBs between water molecules in the hydration layer of the protein. The dynamics of hydration water presents, in addition to the α-relaxation, typical of glass formers, a slower long-time relaxation process, which greatly slows down the dynamics of water, particularly in the systems with trehalose, where it becomes dominant at low temperatures. In all the solutions, we observe, from the behavior of the α-relaxation times, a shift of the Mode Coupling Theory crossover temperature and the fragile-to-strong crossover temperature toward higher values with respect to bulk water. We also observe a strong-to-strong crossover from the temperature behavior of the long-relaxation times. In the aqueous solution with only DMSO, the transition shifts to a lower temperature than in the case with only lysozyme reported in the literature. We observe that the addition of trehalose to the mixture has the opposite effect of restoring the original location of the strong-to-strong crossover. In all the solutions analyzed in this work, the observed temperature of the protein dynamical transition is slightly shifted at lower temperatures than that of the strong-to-strong crossover, but their relative order is the same, showing a correlation between the motion of the protein and that of the hydration water.
A combined model based on POA-VMD secondary decomposition and LSTM for ultra-short-term wind power forecasting
Authors: Yang Shaomei , Qian Xiangyi
Published: June 2024

As the application of wind power expands, precise prediction of wind energy becomes essential for the effective plan and reliable functioning in the realm of the power system. Aiming to enhance wind power utilization efficiency and minimize error relating to ultra-short-term wind power forecasting, a novel model grounded in sliding time window, Pelican optimization algorithm-variational mode decomposition (POA-VMD) secondary decomposition, sample entropy calculation, sequence reconstruction, and long short-term memory (LSTM) prediction is introduced in this paper. First, in the training set, the sliding time window technique is employed to identify the optimal parameters for the forecasting algorithm, aiming to closely replicate the actual forecasting performance. Subsequently, the VMD algorithm is enhanced through optimization with the POA. This involves utilizing POA to dynamically ascertain the optimal parameters [k, α] for VMD, allowing for an adaptive decomposition of the raw wind power data sequence and effectively diminishing data noise. After calculating each modal's sample entropy, the modal with the highest sample entropy is further decomposed using POA-VMD. The decomposed sequence is predicted using LSTM to get the final prediction. The experiment ultimately demonstrated that the introduced model markedly improves the accuracy of forecasting. By adding POA-VMD secondary decomposition residuals, the prediction errors, as measured by mean absolute error, root mean square error, and mean absolute percentage error, are decreased by 52.03%, 30.34%, and 39.87%, respectively, and coefficient of determination (R2) is increased by 7.75%.
A profile inversion method for vertical ionograms
Authors: Niu Longlong , Wen Liu , Zhou Chen , Deng Min
Published: June 2024

Inversion of ionograms from vertical measurements is significant for studying the ionospheric structure and ionospheric wave propagation, and it has attracted widespread attention. The model method is a relatively common inversion method for vertical ionograms. In this paper, a model inversion algorithm based on the multivariate QP model (single quasi-parabolic ionospheric profile model) is proposed, which is different from the traditional QPS model (where the multiple quasi-parabolic segment ionospheric profile model uses quasi-parabolic or anti-parabolic models to represent E, valley, and F1 and F2 layers). In other words, the electron density height profile of each layer in the ionosphere is no longer described by a single QP model. Still, it is based on QP as the basic unit and characterized by a combination of multiple QP units, and the entire vertical ionospheric profile consists of a series of QP unit models. Moreover, in the case of the multivariate QP model, determining the parameters of each layer becomes more complex. This study provides a more straightforward method, which can determine the entire QP unit profile by selecting one of the three parameters of each unit QP. Based on this model, the inversion of vertical ionograms was achieved, and the effectiveness of the inversion algorithm was verified based on typical vertical ionogram data.
Pentagonal
a
-BCP: With ultra-high theoretical storage capacity and low diffusion barrier as an anode for lithium-ion batteries
Authors: Wang Xiao-Han , Gao Guo-Xiang , Cao Hong-Bao , Liu Chun-Sheng , Ye Xiao-Juan
Published: June 2024

Unique structure of two-dimensional (2D) pentagonal materials makes them potentially valuable for applications in many fields, especially in electrode applications for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). By means of first-principles calculations, we propose a 2D pentagonal material with an indirect bandgap of 2.551 eV, named a-BCP, exhibiting excellent thermodynamic, kinetic, and mechanical stabilities. Additionally, the structure remains stable with a cohesive energy of −5.827 eV at temperatures up to 1400 K, indicating the great chemical stability of a-BCP. Most importantly, a-BCP acting as the anode of LIBs demonstrates an ultra-high theoretical capacity of 2989.51 mA h g−1, a very low diffusion barrier of 0.13 eV, and small volume changes (−6.5%) in the intercalation/decalcification process, suggesting the potential of high energy density and high charge/discharge rate of LIBs. Furthermore, a-BCP possesses the appropriate reduction and oxidation potentials during water decomposition, making it an ideal material for photocatalytic water splitting.
Ultra-scaled deep learning temperature reconstruction in turbulent airflow ventilation
Authors: Sofos Filippos , Drikakis Dimitris , Kokkinakis Ioannis William
Published: June 2024

A deep learning super-resolution scheme is proposed to reconstruct a coarse, turbulent temperature field into a detailed, continuous field. The fluid mechanics application here refers to an airflow ventilation process in an indoor setting. Large eddy simulations are performed from a dense simulation grid and provide temperature data in two-dimensional images. The images are fed to a deep learning flow reconstruction model after being scaled down to 100 times. Training and testing are performed on these images, and the model learns to map such highly coarse fields to their high-resolution counterparts. This computational, super-resolution approach mimics the process of employing sparse sensor measurements and trying to upscale to a dense field. Notably, the model achieves high performance when the input images are scaled down by 5–20 times their original dimension, acceptable performance when 30, and poor performance at higher scales. The peak signal-to-noise ratio, the structure similarity index, and the relative error between the original and the reconstructed output are given and compared to common image processing techniques, such as linear and bicubic interpolation. The proposed super-resolution pipeline suggests a high-performance platform that calculates spatial temperature values from sparse measurements and can bypass the installation of a wide sensor array, making it a cost-effective solution for relevant applications.
Tunable topological domain structures in high-density PbTiO3 nanodots array
Authors: Chen Hongying , Liu Zhiyu , Tian Guo , Wang Gui , Guo Yihang , Duan Zongwen , Wu Di , Deng Yu , Wang Guoyu , Hou Zhipeng , Chen Deyang , Fan Zhen , Qin Minghui , Dai Ji-Yan , Liu Jun-Ming , Gao Xingsen
Published: June 2024

In this work, we demonstrated that tunable topological domain structures, e.g., center-type domains and skyrmion-like polar bubbles, can be generated at room temperature in high-density epitaxial PbTiO3 nanodots fabricated via the template-assisted tailoring of thin films. These topological domain structures can be manipulated electrically by applying an appropriate bias on the conductive atomic force microscopy tip, allowing for writing, erasing, and rewriting of topological domains into the nanodot. Moreover, ring-shaped conductive channels are observed around the center-type domain states. These findings provide a playground for further exploring their emerging functionalities and application potentials for nanoelectronics.
Perdew Festschrift editorial
Authors: Burke Kieron , Sun Jianwei , Yang Weitao
Published: June 2024

This Special Issue of the Journal of Chemical Physics is dedicated to the work and life of John P. Perdew. A short bio is available within the issue [J. P. Perdew, J. Chem. Phys. 160, 010402 (2024)]. Here, we briefly summarize key publications in density functional theory by Perdew and his collaborators, followed by a structured guide to the papers contributed to this Special Issue.