bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A new density core graph-cut class decomposition to improve neural network classification performance
Authors: Tantamjarik Eakawat , Tanprasert Thitipong
Published: October 2022

This research presents a new pre-processed class decomposition technique called density core graph-cut (DCGC). The method uses supervised clustering instead of a traditional unsupervised one to decompose the class. Supervised clustering requires additional label information to function and with that it gains a better understanding of the distribution. DCGC employs nearest neighbors to form a density core graph for each class. Then, the edges of each graph to be removed or cut is identified utilizing class information. Lastly, it yields final clusters by grouping all connected cores and assigning the remaining samples to a cluster where the nearest core belongs. Training neural network classifiers on complex label data will yield a better accuracy with the modified class representation. Intuitively, the decision boundaries separating classes based on the modified labels are less complex, and classifiers’ chance to reach these hyperplanes is higher. The results present that training neural networks using label representations from DCGC significantly helps improve the classification accuracy of neural networks on syntactic datasets as high as 30%. For real-world problems, the experiment presents a mixed result in which some datasets moderately benefit from DCGC.
Proposed security mechanism for preventing fake router advertisement attack in IPv6 link-local network
Authors: Al-Shareeda Mahmood A. , Manickam Selvakumar , Saare Murtaja Ali , Arjuman Navaneethan C.
Published: October 2022

The design of router discovery (RD) is a trust mechanism to confirm the legitimacy of the host and router. Fake router advertisement (RA) attacks have been made possible by this RD protocol design defect. Studies show that the standard RD protocol is vulnerable to a fake RA attack where the host will be denied a valid gateway. To cope with this problem, several prevention techniques have been proposed in the past to secure the RD process. Nevertheless, these methods have a significant temporal complexity as well as other flaws, including the bootstrapping issue and hash collision attacks. Thus, the SecMac-secure router discovery (SecMac-SRD) technique, which requires reduced processing time and may thwart fake RA assaults, is proposed in this study as an improved secure RD mechanism. SecMac-SRD is built based on a UMAC hashing algorithm with ElGamal public key distribution cryptosystem that hides the RD message exchange in the IPv6 link-local network. Based on the obtained expected results display that the SecMac-SRD mechanism achieved less processing time compared to the existing secure RD mechanism and can resist fake RA attacks. The outcome of the expected results clearly proves that the SecMac-SRD mechanism effectively copes with the fake RA attacks during the RD process.
Automatic learning algorithm for troubleshooting in hydraulic machinery
Authors: Castro-Puma Jose , Castro-Puma Miguel , More-Sánchez Verónica , Marcos-Romero Juana , Huamán-Flores Elio , Poma-Garcia Claudia , Alejos-Ipanaque Rufino
Published: October 2022

In Peru, there are many companies linked to the category of heavy machinery maintenance, in which, on the one hand, although it is true they generate a record of events linked to equipment maintenance indicators, on the other hand they do not make efficient use of these data generating operational patterns, through machine learning, that contribute to the improvement of processes linked to the service. In this sense, the objective of this article is to generate a tool based on automatic learning algorithms that allows predicting the location of faults in hydraulic excavators, in order to improve the management of the maintenance service. When developing the research, it was obtained that the algorithm that assembles bagged trees presents an accuracy of 97.15%, showing a level of specificity of 99.04%, an accuracy of 98.56% and a sensitivity of 97.12%. Therefore, the predictive model using the ensemble bagged trees algorithm shows significant performance in locating the system where failures occur in hydraulic excavator fleets. It is concluded then that it was possible to improve aspects associated with the planning and availability of supplies or components of the maintenance service, also optimizing the continuity and response capacity in the maintenance process.
Shooting swarm algorithm for solving two-point boundary value problems
Authors: Altamir Suhaib Abduljabbar , Kahya Mohammed Abdulrazaq , Aladool Azzam Salahuddin Younus
Published: October 2022

Boundary value problems (BVPs) are solved using the more detailed swarm algorithm (SA) based on particle swarm optimization (PSO) and firefly algorithm (FA). In the field of optimization techniques, both PSO and FA have good features to solve many problems in applied mathematics. Due to the sensitivity of the use of the controversial shooting method for solving BVPs, which can not able to reach the exact solution oftentimes. A shooting Swarm algorithm (SSA) is proposed based on PSO and FA. Several BVPs including stiff BVPs were principally used to investigate the SSA. The numerical experiments and analyses revealed that the algorithm was able to overcome the shooing method drawbacks. On another hand, the proposed method that is based on FA significantly reduces the number of iterations required for solving BVPs, because of its flexible properties in the exploration and exploitation phases, and it is in good agreement with the exact solution of BVPs. The SSA was investigated to solve stiff BVPs and Its efficacy has been proven with the accurate solutions.
Design of photovoltaic system for public school building
Authors: Abdillah Muhammad , Satria Fathan Mujahid , Pertiwi Nita Indriani , Setiadi Herlambang
Published: October 2022

The increase in energy needs to support sustainable development will trigger a large additional power supply. Unfortunately, a current energy source is mostly produced by fossil fuels. This condition can affect the increase of global warming and climate change. Nowadays, many countries including Indonesia are aware of the effect of the use of fossil fuels on environmental devastation. Therefore, the use of clean energy gets more attention from many countries since its energy source is unlimited and harvested from nature. One of the clean energy sources that are widely utilized over the world is photovoltaic (PV). PV is an appropriate clean energy technology to be utilized in Indonesia since this country lies on the equator line and gets solar irradiance over the year. This paper proposed the design of PV systems for a public-school building. These PV schemes proposed in this study are classified into off-grid, on-grid, and hybrid PV systems. From the simulation results, it is shown that the hybrid PV system with energy supplied by PT. PLN (State Electricity Company) results in the highest saving annual cost and provides an environmentally friendly energy source for public-school buildings.
Automatic essay assessment in e-learning using winnowing algorithm
Authors: Amalia Eka Larasati , Lestari Vivin Ayu , Wijayaningrum Vivi Nur , Ridla Ali Ar
Published: October 2022

The pandemic has caused almost all educational institutions to use online learning media to support learning activities. E-learning is a technology that is widely used because it can accommodate all learning activities. However, in general, e-learning can only perform automatic assessments for multiple choice answers but not for essay answers, so that manual assessment by the teacher becomes difficult and takes a long time. In this study, the winnowing algorithm was applied to the automatic assessment process on students' essay answers by measuring their similarity to the teacher's answer key. The stages in the automatic assessment using the winnowing algorithm begin with forming a series of k-grams, calculating the hash value, forming a window from the hash value, calculating the fingerprint value, and calculating the Jaccard Coefficient to obtain the percentage of text similarity results. The test results show that the winnowing algorithm can provide good performance when the answers to questions are in the form of short entries with the number of hashes not smaller than the window value. Meanwhile, on questions with long answers, the winnowing algorithm can still work well with an average difference of 5.2% from the results of the assessment carried out by the teacher.
Construct an efficient distributed denial of service attack detection system based on data mining techniques
Authors: Gharkan Dhurgham Kareem , Abdulrahman Amer A.
Published: October 2022

Distributed denial-of-service (DDoS) attack is bluster to network security that purpose at exhausted the networks with malicious traffic. Although several techniques have been designed for DDoS attack detection, intrusion detection system (IDS) It has a great role in protecting the network system and has the ability to collect and analyze data from various network sources to discover any unauthorized access. The goal of IDS is to detect malicious traffic and defend the system against any fraudulent activity or illegal traffic. Therefore, IDS monitors outgoing and incoming network traffic. This paper contains a based intrusion detection system for DDoS attack, and has the ability to detect the attack intelligently, dynamically and periodically by evaluating the set of attackers of the current node with its neighbors. We use dataset named CICDDoS2019 that contains on binary classes benign and DDoS. Performance has evaluated by applying data mining algorithms as well as applying the best features to discover potential attack classes.
Latest trends and their adoptions in electrical power systems – an industrial perspective
Authors: Koti Reddy Butukuri , Srirajvarun Reddy Bhanur , Prakash Palavarapu , Vamshy Dongari , Ram Kishore Kumar Reddy Penubaka , M. Alhaider Mohammed
Published: October 2022

Electricity is a vital part in every day’s life and is one of the greatest gifts given by science to the mankind. It has provided all the comfort to the human beings right from lighting to large machines through computers and amusement equipment. Electrical power system (EPS) is moving fast into new horizons and making the entire world dynamic just like the speed of electron. In this paper, the latest trends that are happening globally in electrical power systems are highlighted. The major changes that are taking place in all applicable fields such renewable energy, especially photovoltaics (PV), smart grids (SG), ulta high voltage (UHV) transmission, distributed generation, micro grids, de-regulation and e-mobility are reviewed for updating all the stake holders of it. Also, the adoption of latest technologies such as internet of things (IoT) and artificial intelligence (AI) are briefly mentioned.
Water injection control modelling by using model-based calibration
Authors: Kamaludin Khairul Khusairi , Mamat Aman Mohd Ihsan , Mohamed Zulkifli , Wan Salim Wan Saiful-Islam
Published: October 2022

This study presents the development of water injection system for turbocharged spark ignition engine. The water injection control system is built for turbocharged spark ignition (SI) engine where water was injected at the intake port just before the throttle body. The data was collected from the simulation through the GT-Power software to determine the optimized injection output for the engine. Single-stage statistical engine responses and boundary models were established by using Model-Based Calibration Toolbox. Control system was built using Simulink and simulation tests were conducted based on the speed and throttle position as the variables. The highest value of brake torque achieved in the GT-Power simulation was taken as the base value to determine the injection amount. The mean value of the predicted injection was recorded at 12.29 g/s while the variance of the predicted injection to the optimized injection was below 1%. The control system was simulated with the set predicted injection and the standard deviation of the predicted injection was 1.18. The control system simulation recorded a low percentage of 0.04% variance to the optimized injection with the pulse width modulation signal. The control system is ideal to be constructed and tested on actual engine test bed.
Exercícios de indignação: escritos de educação e psicologia
Authors:   Universidade de São Paulo. Instituto de Psicologia, Patto Maria Helena Souza
Published: October 2022

Nesta segunda edição da obra, agora digital, a autora retoma e atualiza alguns temas relevantes nas áreas da educação e da psicologia. Na área da educação, a política dos anos 1990 esteve longe de atacar os reais problemas que instalaram a dualidade escolar no coração da sociedade brasileira. Ministros e secretários da educação buscaram, como regra, a melhoria das estatísticas educacionais e o barateamento dos investimentos públicos em educação. Como cortina de fumaça, a retórica da “inclusão escolar”, como se não soubessem de sua impossibilidade em um país cuja política educacional foi pautada em crescente e espantoso descaso pela formação intelectual. No campo da Psicologia, aponta-se a invasão do discurso dos psicólogos por expressões fundidas nos fornos da indústria editorial: “autoestima”, “inteligência emocional” e “pedagogia do amor” são novas mercadorias vendidas no atacado e no varejo por editoras e livrarias, empresas de assessoria e consultórios de psicologia.
Critical Reanalysis of the Mechanisms Underlying the Cardiorenal Benefits of SGLT2 Inhibitors and Reaffirmation of the Nutrient Deprivation Signaling/Autophagy Hypothesis
Authors: Packer Milton
Published: October 2022

SGLT2 (sodium-glucose cotransporter 2) inhibitors produce a distinctive pattern of benefits on the evolution and progression of cardiomyopathy and nephropathy, which is characterized by a reduction in oxidative and endoplasmic reticulum stress, restoration of mitochondrial health and enhanced mitochondrial biogenesis, a decrease in proinflammatory and profibrotic pathways, and preservation of cellular and organ integrity and viability. A substantial body of evidence indicates that this characteristic pattern of responses can be explained by the action of SGLT2 inhibitors to promote cellular housekeeping by enhancing autophagic flux, an effect that may be related to the action of these drugs to produce simultaneous upregulation of nutrient deprivation signaling and downregulation of nutrient surplus signaling, as manifested by an increase in the expression and activity of AMPK (adenosine monophosphate–activated protein kinase), SIRT1 (sirtuin 1), SIRT3 (sirtuin 3), SIRT6 (sirtuin 6), and PGC1-α (peroxisome proliferator–activated receptor γ coactivator 1-α) and decreased activation of mTOR (mammalian target of rapamycin). The distinctive pattern of cardioprotective and renoprotective effects of SGLT2 inhibitors is abolished by specific inhibition or knockdown of autophagy, AMPK, and sirtuins. In the clinical setting, the pattern of differentially increased proteins identified in proteomics analyses of blood collected in randomized trials is consistent with these findings. Clinical studies have also shown that SGLT2 inhibitors promote gluconeogenesis, ketogenesis, and erythrocytosis and reduce uricemia, the hallmarks of nutrient deprivation signaling and the principal statistical mediators of the ability of SGLT2 inhibitors to reduce the risk of heart failure and serious renal events. The action of SGLT2 inhibitors to augment autophagic flux is seen in isolated cells and tissues that do not express SGLT2 and are not exposed to changes in environmental glucose or ketones and may be related to an ability of these drugs to bind directly to sirtuins or mTOR. Changes in renal or cardiovascular physiology or metabolism cannot explain the benefits of SGLT2 inhibitors either experimentally or clinically. The direct molecular effects of SGLT2 inhibitors in isolated cells are consistent with the concept that SGLT2 acts as a nutrient surplus sensor, and thus, its inhibition causes enhanced nutrient deprivation signaling and its attendant cytoprotective effects, which can be abolished by specific inhibition or knockdown of AMPK, sirtuins, and autophagic flux.
Left Atrial Strain and the Risk of Atrial Arrhythmias From Extended Ambulatory Cardiac Monitoring: MESA
Authors: Huber Matthew P. , Pandit Jay A. , Jensen Paul N. , Wiggins Kerri L. , Patel Ravi B. , Freed Benjamin H. , Bertoni Alain G. , Shah Sanjiv J. , Heckbert Susan R. , Floyd James S.
Published: October 2022

Background

Abnormalities in left atrial (LA) function often occur before LA structural changes and clinically identified atrial fibrillation (AF). Little is known about the relationship between LA strain and the risk of subclinical atrial arrhythmias detected from extended ambulatory cardiac monitoring.

Methods and Results

A total of 1441 participants of MESA (Multi‐Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis) completed speckle‐tracking echocardiography and cardiac monitoring during 2016 to 2018 (mean age, 73 years); participants in AF during echocardiography or during the entire cardiac monitoring period were excluded. Absolute values of LA reservoir, booster pump, and conduit strains were measured. We evaluated associations of LA strain with monitor‐detected AF, premature atrial contractions, and supraventricular tachycardia. Primary analyses adjusted for demographic variables, blood pressure, diabetes, smoking, and clinical cardiovascular disease. Cardiac monitoring (median, 14 days) detected AF in 3%. Each SD (4.0%) lower (worse) LA booster pump strain was associated with 84% higher risk of monitor‐detected AF (95% CI, 30%–162%), 39% higher premature atrial contraction frequency (95% CI, 27%–53%), and 19% higher supraventricular tachycardia frequency (95% CI, 10%–29%). Additional adjustment for NT‐proBNP (N‐terminal pro‐B‐type natriuretic peptide), LA volume index, tissue Doppler a′ peak velocity, left ventricular ejection fraction, and global longitudinal strain had little impact on associations. Findings were similar for LA reservoir strain and null for LA conduit strain.

Conclusions

In a multiethnic community‐based cohort, impaired LA strain was an important correlate of subclinical atrial arrhythmias, even after adjustment for conventional measures of LA structure and function.
Evaluation of Speech and Pause Alterations in Patients With Acute and Chronic Heart Failure
Authors: Schöbi Dario , Zhang Yan‐Ping , Kehl Joelle , Aissani Meriam , Pfister Otmar , Strahm Martin , van Haelst Paul , Zhou Qian
Published: October 2022

Background

Acute heart failure is the most frequent cause of unplanned hospital admission in elderly patients. Various biomarkers have been evaluated to better assess the status of these patients and prevent decompensation. Recently, voice has been suggested as a cost‐effective and noninvasive way to monitor disease progression. This study evaluates speech and pause alterations in patients with acute decompensated and stable heart failure. Specifically, we aim to identify a vocal biomarker that could be used to monitor patients with heart failure and to prevent decompensation.

Methods and Results

Speech and pause patterns were evaluated in 68 patients with acute and 36 patients with stable heart failure. Voice recordings were performed using a web‐browser based application that consisted of 5 tasks. Speech and pause patterns were automatically extracted and compared between acute and stable patients and with clinical markers. Compared with stable patients, pause ratio was up to 14.9% increased in patients with acute heart failure. This increase was largely independent of sex, age, and ejection fraction and persisted in patients with lower degrees of edema or dyspnea. Furthermore, pause ratio was positively correlated with NT‐proBNP (N‐terminal pro‐B‐type natriuretic peptide) after controlling for acute versus stable heart failure. Collectively, our findings indicate that the pause ratio could be useful in identifying acute heart failure, particularly in patients who do not display traditional indicators of decompensation.

Conclusions

Speech and pause patterns are altered in patients with acute heart failure. Particularly, we identified pause ratio as an easily interpretable vocal biomarker to support the monitoring of heart failure decompensation.
Optimal Cerebral Perfusion Pressure and Brain Tissue Oxygen in Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage
Authors: Megjhani Murad , Weiss Miriam , Ford Jenna , Terilli Kalijah , Kastenholz Nick , Nametz Daniel , Kwon Soon Bin , Velazquez Angela , Agarwal Sachin , Roh David J. , Conzen-Dilger Catharina , Albanna Walid , Veldeman Michael , Connolly E. Sander , Claassen Jan , Aries Marcel , Schubert Gerrit A. , Park Soojin
Published: October 2022

Background:

Targeting a cerebral perfusion pressure optimal for cerebral autoregulation (CPPopt) has been gaining more attention to prevent secondary damage after acute neurological injury. Brain tissue oxygenation (PbtO
2
) can identify insufficient cerebral blood flow and secondary brain injury. Defining the relationship between CPPopt and PbtO
2
after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage may result in (1) mechanistic insights into whether and how CPPopt-based strategies might be beneficial and (2) establishing support for the use of PbtO
2
as an adjunctive monitor for adequate or optimal local perfusion.

Methods:

We performed a retrospective analysis of a prospectively collected 2-center dataset of patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage with or without later diagnosis of delayed cerebral ischemia (DCI). CPPopt was calculated as the cerebral perfusion pressure (CPP) value corresponding to the lowest pressure reactivity index (moving correlation coefficient of mean arterial and intracranial pressure). The relationship of (hourly) deltaCPP (CPP−CPPopt) and PbtO
2
was investigated using natural spline regression analysis. Data after DCI diagnosis were excluded. Brain tissue hypoxia was defined as PbtO
2
<20 mmHg.

Results:

One hundred thirty-one patients were included with a median of 44.0 (interquartile range, 20.8–78.3) hourly CPPopt/PbtO2 datapoints. The regression plot revealed a nonlinear relationship between PbtO
2
and deltaCPP (
P
<0.001) with PbtO
2
decrease with deltaCPP <0 mmHg and stable PbtO
2
with deltaCPP ≥0mmHg, although there was substantial individual variation. Brain tissue hypoxia (34.6% of all measurements) was more frequent with deltaCPP <0 mmHg. These dynamics were similar in patients with or without DCI.

Conclusions:

We found a nonlinear relationship between PbtO
2
and deviation of patients’ CPP from CPPopt in aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage patients in the pre-DCI period. CPP values below calculated CPPopt were associated with lower PbtO
2
. Nevertheless, the nature of PbtO
2
measurements is complex, and the variability is high. Combined multimodality monitoring with CPP/CPPopt and PbtO
2
should be recommended to redefine individual pressure targets (CPP/CPPopt) and retain the option to detect local perfusion deficits during DCI (PbtO
2
), which cannot be fulfilled by both measurements interchangeably.
Nowhere to Hide? Global Policing and the Politics of Extradition
Authors: Krcmaric Daniel
Published: October 2022

Global policing efforts go far beyond combatting terrorism. The United States has tracked down war criminals in the former Yugoslavia, prosecuted Mexican drug kingpins in U.S. courts, transferred a Congolese warlord to the International Criminal Court, and even invaded foreign countries to apprehend wanted suspects. Likewise, Chinese police and intelligence forces crisscross the globe engaging in surveillance, abductions, and forced repatriations. But global policing activities are hard to study because they tend to occur “in the shadows.” Extradition treaties—agreements that facilitate the formal surrender of wanted fugitives from one country to another—represent a unique part of the global policing architecture that is directly observable. An original dataset of every extradition treaty that the United States has signed since its independence shows that extradition cooperation is not an automatic response to the globalization of crime. Instead, it is an extension of geopolitical competition. Geopolitical concerns are crucial because many states try to weaponize extradition treaties to target their political opponents living abroad, not just common criminals. Future research should reconceptualize the role of individuals in international security because many governments believe that a single person—whether a dissident, a rebel, or a terrorist—can imperil their national security.
China's Party-State Capitalism and International Backlash: From Interdependence to Insecurity
Authors: Pearson Margaret M. , Rithmire Meg , Tsai Kellee S.
Published: October 2022

Contrary to expectations, economic interdependence has not tempered security conflict between China and the United States. In response to perceived domestic and external threats, the Chinese Communist Party's actions to ensure regime security have generated insecurity in other states, causing them to adopt measures to constrain Chinese firms. Security dilemma dynamics best explain the subsequent reactions from many advanced industrialized countries to the evolution of China's political economy into party-state capitalism. Party-state capitalism manifests in two signature ways: (1) expansion of party-state authority in firms through changes in corporate governance and state-led financial instruments; and (2) enforcement of political fealty among various economic actors. Together, these trends have blurred the distinction between state and private capital in China and resulted in backlash, including intensified investment reviews, campaigns to exclude Chinese firms from strategic sectors, and the creation of novel domestic and international institutions to address perceived threats from Chinese actors. The uniqueness of China's model has prompted significant reorganization of the rules governing capitalism, both nationally and globally.
Editorial: Focus feature on consciousness and cognition
Authors: McIntosh Randy , Hill Sean , Sporns Olaf
Published: October 2022

Consciousness and cognition are an increasing focus of theoretical and experimental research in neuroscience, leveraging the methods and tools of brain dynamics and connectivity. This Focus Feature brings together a collection of articles that examine the various roles of brain networks in computational and dynamic models, and in studies of physiological and neuroimaging processes that underpin and enable behavioral and cognitive function.
A new species of the alpheid shrimp genus Salmoneus Holthuis, 1955 (Decapoda: Caridea) from the Seto Inland Sea, Japan
Authors: KOMAI TOMOYUKI
Published: October 2022

A new species of the alpheid shrimp genus Salmoneus Holthuis, 1955 is described based on two specimens from the Seto Inland Sea, Japan. Salmoneus aduncus n. sp. is strikingly similar to S. rostratus Barnard, 1962, which is distributed widely in the tropical Indo-West Pacific, but the new species is distinguished from the latter by the proportionally wider telson, the less pronounced longitudinal grooves on the major cheliped palm, and the weaker occlusal teeth on the major cheliped fingers. The living colouration is also different between the two. Phylogenetic analysis using the mitochondrial 16S rRNA gene supports the recognition of the new species. Salmoneus is primarily distributed in tropical and subtropical waters, and in temperate waters in East Asia, only S. gracilipes Miya, 1972, has been the sole representative of the genus. The new species is the second to be recorded from the warm temperate areas in East Asia, although its real distribution remains to be clarified.
The Power of Stories
Authors: Kulish Nancy
Published: October 2022

Stories hold an important role in the theory and practice of psychoanalysis. Their power derives in part from the fact that humans are biologically programmed for storytelling. Stories foster connection with others, socialization, and identity formation. They are integral to all psychoanalytic theories of therapeutic action, and their telling is therapeutic in itself. Psychoanalytic theoretical paradigms can be considered stories, as well. A positive outcome of analytic treatment has the individual emerging with an open-ended story that encompasses past, present, and future. Finally, an autobiographical example demonstrates how shared stories consolidate group identities, uphold and perpetuate a group’s power over others, and perpetuate racial and ethnic stereotypes.
Georges Perec’s Zeit-Raum: Creating a Space of Remembrance
Authors: Tzur Mahalel Anat
Published: October 2022

Georges Perec’s memoir of his analysis, “The Scene of a Stratagem” (1977), is part of a literary oeuvre characterized by innovative forms addressing the paradoxical task of telling a story that cannot be told. His life history was constructed from memory traces, veiled behind the untimely death of his parents in World War II. The memoir tells the story of his analysis in adulthood with Jean-Bertrand Pontalis, at a time when Perec was struggling with depression and writer’s block. Beneath doubts and the tedious analytic routine, Perec presents analysis as a space in which memory traces can be given new life. The historical past takes place in a space Walter Benjamin calls time-space ( Zeit-raum), or time-dream ( Zeit-traum). This space is created in a flash of co-incidence between dreaming and waking. History, then, is created in a space where archived memory traces are transformed into present experience. Perec creates a kind of Benjaminian dream-space of the past to deal with the fragmentation of memory that follows traumatic loss. The significance of this distinct space is discussed in relation to the challenge of representing traumatic experiences while remaining faithful to the dreamlike and fragmented nature of the space.
A Unique Clinical Tool for the Evaluation of Oral Feeding Skills in Infants
Authors: Fucile Sandra , Dow Kimberly
Published: October 2022

Background. Occupational therapy practice for oral feeding assessment is based on clinical observation of infants’ sucking, swallowing, and breathing ability, which is influenced by clinical experience and provides poor evidence on explanatory factors. Purpose. To test the clinical utility and safety of a nipple monitoring device for the quantitative evaluation of oral feeding skills. Method. Sixteen infants, with no severe medical complications, participated in a pre-experimental pilot study. Oral feeding performances (duration, intake volume, and rate of transfer), and occurrence of adverse events (apnea, bradycardia, and oxygen desaturations) were recorded to ensure the tool does not interfere with infant's feeding ability or does not create any adverse effects. Findings. There was no significant difference in duration, intake volume, rate of transfer between the two monitored sessions, and no occurrence in adverse events. Implications. The findings suggest that the nipple monitoring device may be used for quantitative assessment and intervention planning of oral feeding difficulties in infants.
National Strategy for a Barrier-Free Environment: Problems, tolerance and implementation
Authors: Yaroshenko Oleg M , Anisimova Hanna V , Koliesnik Tetiana V , Kaplina Halyna A , Babych Nadiya O
Published: October 2022

The aim of this article is to study the issues of inclusiveness in Ukraine and analyse the National Strategy for Creating a Barrier-Free Environment regarding its consistency with the facts of life in Ukraine. It considers the international experience in creating a barrier-free inclusive society and the implementation of the most effective achievements in Ukraine. It analyses the National Strategy and singles out its specific features, key elements, and main aims in creating a barrier-free environment in Ukraine. Analysis of the National Strategy was conducted in the context of inclusion and ensuring equal opportunities.
Let not the world change us: Critical consciousness as a moderator in the relationship between role stress and burnout among social workers in China
Authors: Chen Anna , Zheng Guanghuai , Gao Xianda , Wu Yaojian
Published: October 2022

Critical consciousness, as a core competence of western social workers and a type of personal resource, has been diminished in China. This study examined whether critical consciousness buffered the effect of role stress on burnout with a nationally representative sample. Results showed that critical consciousness prevented emotional exhaustion and depersonalization in social workers suffering from role stress while it did not enable them to perceive personal accomplishment. The results carry implications for maintaining social workers’ workplace well-being and professional pursuits by incorporating critical consciousness into their professional competence and personal resources.
Experimental and statistical investigation of the three-point bending strength of the composite sandwich beams with trapezoidal core
Authors: Azadi Reza , Pashaei Mohammad Hadi , Gorji Hamid , Bakhshi Jooybari Mohammad , Rostamiyan Yasser
Published: October 2022

This paper aims to evaluate the influence of graphene nanoparticles and the structural configuration of the core as independent variables on the flexural strength of the composite sandwich beams by combining experimental and statistical methods. Composite sandwich beams with trapezoidal cores were fabricated using carbon fiber/epoxy and vacuum infusion process. Central composite design (CCD), a subset of response surface methodology (RSM), was employed to statistically analyze the main effect of three input variables, core height, core angle, and graphene content on the flexural strength of the beams. The flexural properties of the beams were derived using a three-point bending test. The experimental and statistical results indicated that the maximum bending load was increased by increasing the height and angle of the core, and the optimal mixing percentage of graphene and epoxy was 0.2 to 0.3 weight percentage. In addition, the experimental results were compared with the numerical simulation obtained from ABAQUS finite element software and the numerical results were found to be in good agreement with the experimental results.
Persistent Orofacial Pain Attendances at General Medical Practitioners
Authors: Currie C.C. , Palmer J. , Stone S.J. , Brocklehurst P. , Aggarwal V.R. , Dorman P.J. , Pearce M.S. , Durham J.
Published: October 2022

Patients with persistent orofacial pain (POFP) can go through complex care pathways to receive a diagnosis and management, which can negatively affect their pain. This study aimed to describe 44-y trends in attendances at Welsh medical practices for POFP and establish the number of attendances per patient and referrals associated with orofacial pain and factors that may predict whether a patient is referred. A retrospective observational study was completed using the nationwide Secure Anonymised Information Linkage Databank of visits to general medical practices in Wales (UK). Data were extracted using diagnostic codes (“Read codes”). Orofacial and migraine Read codes were extracted between 1974 and 2017. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and univariate and multivariable logistic regression. Over the 44-y period, there were 468,827 POFP and migraine diagnostic codes, accounting for 468,137 patient attendances, or 301,832 patients. The overall attendance rate was 4.22 attendances per 1,000 patient-years (95% confidence interval [CI], 4.21–4.23). The attendance rate increased over the study period. Almost one-third of patients ( n = 92,192, 30.54%) attended more than once over the study period, and 15.83% attended more than once within a 12-mo period. There were 20,103 referral codes that were associated with 8,183 patients, with over half these patients being referred more than once. Odds of receiving a referral were highest in females (odds ratio [OR], 1.23; 95% CI, 1.17–1.29), in those living in rural locations (OR, 1.17; 95% CI, 1.12–1.22), and in the least deprived quintile (OR, 1.39; 95% CI, 1.29–1.48). Odds also increased with increasing age (OR, 1.03; 95% CI, 1.03–1.03). The increasing attendance may be explained by the increasing incidence of POFP within the population. These patients can attend on a repeated basis, and very few are referred, but when they are, this may occur multiple times; therefore, current care pathways could be improved.
Issues and problems involving acid attacks against male victims in India
Authors: Kaur Navpreet , Byard Roger W
Published: October 2022

Acid attacks involve dousing a victim with a concentrated acidic or caustic fluid. The head and face are most often targeted to maximize the chances of disfigurement, as the intention is usually to cause life-long disability, pain and lack of psychological wellbeing rather than death. In India it is often regarded as a form of gender-based violence aimed predominantly at women, frequently following the rejection of a proposed sexual relationship, however, a significant subset of cases involve males. Four cases are reported to demonstrate the different reasons for such attacks in males including revenge for reporting criminal activity, intra-familial disputes and apparently random episodes. Male acid attack victims may represent an over-looked subgroup that often does not receive adequate compensation or government support to access disability services, despite this being mandated by recent legislation.
Unified Response to COVID-19 Case Investigation and Contact Tracing, Chicago, December 2020–April 2021
Authors: Kern David , Tabidze Irina , Modali Laxmi , Stonehouse Patrick , Karamustafa Ayla
Published: October 2022

Objectives:

We evaluated 2 innovative approaches that supported COVID-19 case investigation and contact tracing (CI/CT) in Chicago communities: (1) early engagement of people diagnosed with COVID-19 by leveraging the existing Healthcare Alert Network to send automated telephone calls and text messages and (2) establishment of a network of on-site case investigators and contact tracers within partner health care facilities (HCFs) and community-based organizations (CBOs).

Methods:

The Chicago Department of Public Health used Healthcare Alert Network data to calculate the proportion of people with confirmed COVID-19 who successfully received an automated telephone call or text message during December 27, 2020–April 24, 2021. The department also used CI/CT data to calculate the proportion of cases successfully interviewed and named contacts successfully notified, as well as the time to successful case interview and to successful contact notification.

Results:

Of 67 882 people with COVID-19, 94.3% (n = 64 011) received an automated telephone call and 91.7% (n = 62 239) received a text message. Of the 65 470 COVID-19 cases pulled from CI/CT data, 24 450 (37.3%) interviews were completed, including 6212 (61.3%) of the 10 126 cases diagnosed in HCFs. The median time from testing to successful case interview was 3 days for Chicago Department of Public Health investigators and 4 days for HCF investigators. Overall, 34 083 contacts were named; 13 117 (38.5%) were successfully notified, including 9068 (36.6%) of the 24 761 contacts assigned to CBOs. The median time from contact elicitation to completed notification by CBOs was <24 hours.

Conclusions:

Partnerships with HCFs and CBOs helped deliver timely CI/CT during the COVID-19 pandemic, suggesting a potential benefit of engaging non–public health institutions in CI/CT for existing and emerging diseases.
Distractions in a disruption: The soothing effect of the heritage bus ride during London Tube strikes
Authors: Tsang Kevin KH
Published: October 2022

This paper explores the cultural significance of replacement bus services during three London Tube strikes in 2018. Strikes cause delays to journeys, and are often anticipated, framed, and reported as nuisances. Empirically informed by participant observation, the paper discusses how social interaction among passengers, triggered by a heritage bus journey, could redefine a disrupted commuter trip as a collective heritage journey, via its unusual materialities and sensations. Passengers notice the different material configuration of heritage buses, leading to the creation of an affective atmosphere, which then spreads among passengers as if by affective contagion. The resulting initiation of a temporary guide–audience relationship in this unexpected space enabled different forms of intercultural dialogue and knowledge exchange, which transformed an ordinary everyday experience into something extraordinary, in which heightened awareness of the bus environment and an increase in social interaction somewhat resembled a guided tour of the city combined with commuter transport. While the economic injustices at the heart of Tube strikes should not be neglected, I propose that the use of heritage buses as replacement transport contributes to the formation of affective atmosphere via the increase in social interactions triggered by their material configuration, and consequently to the sharing of everyday history.
A Multidimensional Framework for Examining the Effects of Social Class on Organizational Behavior
Authors: Côté Stéphane
Published: October 2022

The role of social class in organizations is a fledgling area of research that is revealing important insights into the causes of organizational behavior and workplace outcomes. To extend pioneering studies of social class and organizational behavior, I first highlight the importance of considering multiple dimensions in theorizing about the effects of social class on organizational behavior. I then develop a framework to guide theorizing on how multiple dimensions of social class influence organizational behavior. The framework describes how dimensions of social class may have unique linear effects as well as interactive effects on behavior and identifies candidate mechanisms underlying each type of effect. I end by identifying important areas for future inquiry—the visibility of social class dimensions and intersectionality with other demographic characteristics—to achieve a more precise understanding of how social class influences employee attitudes, performance, and outcomes.
Human Sustainability and Work: A Meta-Synthesis and New Theoretical Framework
Authors: Barnes Christopher M. , Wagner David T. , Schabram Kira , Boncoeur Dorian
Published: October 2022

How can work be accomplished while sustaining the human capital that enables it? To date, research on this question has been piecemeal and indirect with different literatures and paradigms offering important but not integrated insights. In this meta-synthesis, we reviewed 368 meta-analyses and review articles published this millennium, sampled from the vast body of research relevant to employee health and well-being. We organize our review using dynamic energy budget theory (DEB), a life-sciences framework that describes how nonhuman animals achieve biological sustainability by balancing maintenance, growth, and generativity. After identifying the ways this research fits within DEB, we develop restricted employee sustainability theory (REST), which describes the ways in which human sustainability goes beyond the fundamental biological necessities outlined in DEB and encompasses the functions (maintenance, growth, generativity) that enable humans to sustain their physical, psychological, and social health. Organization of this vast literature allows us to identify synergies and dynamic balances among the life functions; understand how humans recover after a dramatic crash in health; and articulate the distinctions among subsisting, surviving, and thriving at work. We conclude this meta-synthesis and theory development by offering a roadmap to advance research on human sustainability at work as a unified area of study, guided by our new framework—restricted employee sustainability theory (REST).
Optimistic children engage in more constructive risk-taking behaviors
Authors: Lu Monica S. , Hennefield Laura , Tillman Rebecca , Markson Lori
Published: October 2022

Optimism is linked to persistence and resilience in adults; however, how optimism might relate to children’s evaluations of potentially challenging situations and risk-taking behaviors is unknown. This study examined the role of optimism in 4- to 8-year-old children’s ( N = 121) perceptions of and willingness to engage in physical activities that ranged from low to high risk. Overall, children perceived activities with more risky elements as more dangerous and were less willing to try them, with this pattern strongest in older children. Moreover, children higher in optimism were (1) more willing to engage in moderate-risk activities relative to children lower in optimism, but (2) less willing to engage in the highest-risk activities—even though they perceived those highest-risk activities as less dangerous than children lower in optimism. These findings support the possibility that optimism motivates children to engage in beneficial moderately challenging activities and protects them from engaging in severe injury-inflicting activities.
Uncharted surgical therapy for acquired perforating dermatoses
Authors: Izzat Mohammad Bashar , Kahila Ali , Izzat Ahmad Walid , Zamlout Ali , Alashi Sami
Published: October 2022

Acquired perforating dermatoses represent an uncommon group of chronic papulonodular dermatoses of unknown aetiology, characterized clinically by intense itching; and histopathologically by transepidermal elimination of dermal components. Definitive targeted pharmacological approaches are lacking, and the disease is usually refractory to therapy. We report here a case of rapid remission of acquired perforating dermatosis following simple thymectomy. If a role for the thymus in the pathogenesis of acquired perforating dermatoses was to be established, this could pave the way for a yet uncharted surgical therapy for these debilitating conditions.
Zinc supplementation raises serum zinc and 5′-nucleotidase activities in healthy, USA middle-aged men
Authors: DiSilvestro Robert A , DiSilvestro Daniel J , Joseph Elizabeth
Published: October 2022

Background: Many types of people have been noted to show less than maximum zinc functional status. One group that has not been examined is healthy middle-aged, non-vegetarian men in the USA. Aim: To determine if supplementation with zinc improves values for two plasma indicators of zinc status. Methods: Zinc arginate (30 mg zinc/day) was given for 6 weeks to healthy middle-aged men. Results: Supplementation produced statistically significant, but small increases in plasma values for zinc and activity of 5′-nucleotidase, a zinc enzyme. Conclusion: These results suggest that middle-aged, healthy, meat-eating US males tend to show close to maximal zinc functional status. However, such men may not have a safety margin in zinc stores that covers situations where higher than normal zinc needs develop.