bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Association of muscle strength and cardiorespiratory fitness with all-cause and cancer-specific mortality in patients diagnosed with cancer: a systematic review with meta-analysis
Authors: Bettariga Francesco , Galvao Daniel , Taaffe Dennis , Bishop Chris , Lopez Pedro , Maestroni Luca , Quinto Giulia , Crainich Umberto , Verdini Enrico , Bandini Enrico , Natalucci Valentina , Newton Robert U
Published: January 2025

Objectives

To examine the association between muscle strength and cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) with all-cause and cancer-specific mortality in patients diagnosed with cancer, and whether these associations are affected by type and/or stage of cancer.

Method

A systematic review with meta-analysis was carried out. Five bibliographic databases were searched to August 2023.

Results

Forty-two studies were included (n=46 694). Overall, cancer patients with high muscle strength or CRF levels (when dichotomised as high vs low) had a significant reduction in risk of all-cause mortality by 31–46% compared with those with low physical fitness levels. Similarly, a significant 11% reduction was found for change per unit increments in muscle strength. In addition, muscle strength and CRF were associated with an 8–46% reduced risk of all-cause mortality in patients with advanced cancer stages, and a 19–41% reduced risk of all-cause mortality was observed in lung and digestive cancers. Lastly, unit increments in CRF were associated with a significant 18% reduced risk of cancer-specific mortality.

Conclusion

High muscle strength and CRF were significantly associated with a lower risk of all-cause mortality. In addition, increases in CRF were associated with a reduced risk of cancer-specific mortality. These fitness components were especially predictive in patients with advanced cancer stages as well as in lung and digestive cancers. This highlights the importance of assessing fitness measures for predicting mortality in cancer patients. Given these findings, tailored exercise prescriptions to improve muscle strength and CRF in patients with cancer may contribute to reducing cancer-related mortality.
Risk of renal complications and death in young and middle-aged Swedes with parental type 1 diabetes: a nation-wide, prospective cohort study
Authors: Fredriksson Marie , Persson Emma , Möllsten Anna , Lind Torbjörn
Published: January 2025

Introduction

This study aimed to investigate if individuals with childhood-onset type 1 diabetes having a parent with the same condition (parental diabetes) had worse metabolic control and an increased risk of death and renal failure compared with those with parents without type 1 diabetes (sporadic diabetes).

Research design and methods

We conducted a population-based cohort study using data from the Swedish Childhood Diabetes Register, including cases with onset of type 1 diabetes before the age of 15 and recorded between 1977 and 2010. The cohort was linked to national registers to compare mortality, renal failure, and glycated hemoglobin (HBA1c) levels.

Results

We identified 16 572 incident cases of childhood-onset type 1 diabetes. Of these, 15 701 had data on parental diabetes status, with 1390 (8.9%) having at least one parent with this condition. HbA1c data were available in 9105 individuals at 20–30 years of age, with the parental group showing higher levels compared with the sporadic diabetes group (8.4% (68 mmol/mol) vs 8.2% (66 mmol/mol), p=0.004). The Cox proportional HR for death in parental diabetes was 1.33 (95% CI 1.00 to 1.75), and the competing risk HR for renal failure was 1.27 (95% CI 1.08 to 1.50). Women in the parental diabetes group had a higher risk of early death (HR 1.79, 95% CI 1.17 to 2.72) compared with the sporadic diabetes group.

Conclusions

Individuals with parental diabetes had slightly higher HbA1c and elevated risks of renal failure and death compared with those with sporadic diabetes, especially pronounced in women. Although the exact mechanisms behind these differences are unclear, we suggest that individualized care may benefit individuals with parental type 1 diabetes.
Global comparison of the economic costs of coronary heart disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Shakya Sangita , Shrestha Anita , Robinson Suzanne , Randall Sean , Mnatzaganian George , Brown Helen , Boyd James , Xu Dan , Lee Crystal Man Ying , Brumby Susan , Peeters Anna , Lucas James , Gauci Sarah , Huxley Rachel , O’Neil Adrienne , Gao Lan
Published: January 2025

Objectives

Coronary heart disease (CHD) is the leading cause of global morbidity and mortality, yet no comprehensive evaluation of its global economic costs exists. We conducted a systematic review with meta-analysis to examine the costs of CHD treatment by region and CHD subtypes, examine whether there are cost difference by sex, and examine costing methodologies.

Design

We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of non-randomised studies.

Data sources

We searched Medline, Embase, CINAHL, EconLit and Google Scholar from 1 January 2000 to February 2023.

Eligibility criteria for selecting studies

We included observational studies reporting economic costs of CHD treatment and outcomes for adults that were published in English.

Data extraction and synthesis

Data extraction and quality assessment were independently undertaken by two reviewers. Costs were converted to percentage of gross domestic product (GDP) per capita of corresponding country. A random-effects model was used for meta-analysis using StataSE V.18 to calculate the pooled percentage. Heterogeneity was assessed using the I2statistic. Meta-regression and bias assessment were performed.

Results

Out of 20 100 records identified, 37 studies (including 2 564 189 individuals) from 22 countries were included in the qualitative synthesis and the quantitative meta-analysis. In most countries, the annual cost of CHD exceeds many times the total health expenditure per capita. The pooled direct annual cost of CHD per patient varied from 4.9% to 137.8% of GDP per capita (Int$ purchasing power parity), with pooled percentage of 21.7% (95% CI 15.3, 28.1) for those with CHD. Slight difference in the annual pooled cost of CHD was observed, with a 2% of GDP per capita higher cost in men (95% CI 0.8, 3.2). Most studies applied a top-down costing approach (n=21).

Conclusions

The review illustrates the expense associated with CHD, which is varied by region and CHD subtypes. The observed cost difference by sex warrants further exploration of sex-specific factors influencing cost disparities. Exploring advanced costing methods such as time-driven activity-based costing can optimise resource allocation and identify opportunities to reduce unnecessary costs and cost disparities.

PROSPERO registration number

CRD42023412044.
Knowledge, attitudes and practices regarding pulmonary rehabilitation among patients with chronic respiratory diseases: a cross-sectional questionnaire-based study in a tertiary hospital in China
Authors: Su Lin , Wang Lingling , Ding Jie , Zhang Xiaohong , Wang Ruiying , Bai Xueli , Chen Yuan , Liu Xiansheng , Wei Shuang
Published: January 2025

Objectives

This study aimed to evaluate the knowledge, attitudes and practices (KAP) of patients with chronic respiratory diseases towards pulmonary rehabilitation.

Design

Cross-sectional, web-based questionnaire study.

Setting

Tertiary healthcare hospital in Taiyuan, Shanxi Province, China.

Participants

A total of 511 patients with chronic respiratory diseases were recruited from the hospital’s outpatient and inpatient departments. After data cleaning, 501 valid responses (98.04% valid response rate) were analysed. Participants were aged 18 or older, able to complete the questionnaire independently or with assistance and included individuals from diverse demographic backgrounds.

Primary and secondary outcome measures

Primary outcomes included KAP scores related to pulmonary rehabilitation. The secondary outcome assessed the association between demographic factors (age, gender, income, education, smoking status) and KAP scores using structural equation modelling (SEM).

Results

The mean KAP scores were 1.26±2.85 for knowledge, 30.46±3.63 for attitudes and 34.58±5.55 for practices. SEM analysis showed that knowledge directly influenced attitudes (β=−0.538, p<0.001) and both knowledge (β=0.668, p<0.001) and attitudes (β=0.668, p<0.001) significantly influenced practices. Additionally, demographic factors, such as monthly household income, type of chronic respiratory disease, educational level and smoking status were significantly associated with variations in KAP scores (all p<0.05).

Conclusions

Patients demonstrated poor knowledge, generally positive attitudes, and moderate practices regarding pulmonary rehabilitation. Tailored educational interventions focusing on bridging the knowledge gap and promoting positive behavioural changes are essential for improving pulmonary rehabilitation engagement among chronic respiratory disease patients.

Trial registration number

ChiCTR2400080271.
Cultural humility strategies for recruitment and retention of minoritised participants: a scoping review protocol
Authors: Chehade Mireille , McLean Kellie , Ashmawi Samar Mohsen , Fernandez Cajavilca Moroni , Phung Baomi T , Clark-Cutaia Maya N , Campbell Rice Brynne
Published: January 2025

Introduction

Cultural humility practices are shown to be effective when working with diverse populations in healthcare settings. Research recruitment and retention among minoritised groups are essential to address health inequities. Given the successful application to healthcare settings, cultural humility practices may hold promise for recruiting and retaining minoritised individuals. However, little is known about how these practices may be applied to health research. The objective of this scoping review is to understand the extent to which cultural humility practices are applied to health research and how they may be leveraged to optimise recruitment and retention among minoritised populations.

Methods and analysis

This scoping review will follow the Joanna Briggs Institute methodology for scoping reviews. Databases to be searched will include Medline (Ovid), CINAHL (EBSCOhost), EMBASE (Ovid), PsycINFO (Ovid) and Web of Science Core Collection. Literature from 1993 to 2024 that captures the concept of cultural humility in health research with racial and ethnic or gender and sexual minoritised populations in the USA will be considered. The identified pool of records will be imported to Covidence, an online data management software. At the first screening stage, two independent reviewers will screen for title and abstract relevance. A third reviewer will be recruited to resolve discrepancies, if any. Records achieving consensus will have their full texts screened against the eligibility criteria and included in the final pool. Two tables will be developed to guide the data extraction process. The tabular format will be piloted and agreed on by all research team members. Descriptive content analysis will outline the operationalisation of cultural humility and identify strategies found effective in improving the representation of minoritised populations.

Ethics and dissemination

Ethical approval is not required in line with the scoping review methodology. Dissemination of the findings mapping the cultural humility strategies found effective in health research will be conducted through a peer-reviewed publication.

Trial registration number

Open Science Frameworkhttps://osf.io/vra7h.
How do health, spirituality and well-being intersect in the Métis Nation of Alberta (MNA) Region 3? A Métis-guided, community-based, participatory study
Authors: Ginn Carla , Ginn Craig W C , Barnabe Cheryl , Dumont/Vaness Bergum Doreen , Gentes Judy , Tatrallyay Priscilla
Published: January 2025

Objectives

The purpose of our research was to understand intersections between health, spirituality and well-being in the Métis Nation of Alberta (MNA) Region 3.

Design

This Métis-guided, community-based, participatory research builds on our previous patient-oriented community-based study where we co-developed a qualitative structured survey with leaders, Elders and community members to explore health, spirituality and well-being in the MNA Region 3.

Setting

Métis people are affected by historical and contemporary impacts of colonisation. This includes the residential school experience, impacting how Métis people relate to themselves, to others and to their culture. Alberta has the highest Métis population in Canada, and our research is based in the most densely populated region.

Participants

101 surveys were completed between September and November 2021, via Qualtrics. Twenty-five participants who completed surveys participated in community-based participatory research sharing circle data analysis groups in January 2022, via Zoom.

Results

Six overarching themes were developed in our participatory data analysis: (1) searching, (2) interconnectedness, (3) colonisation and systems, (4) traditional practices and teachings, (5) spiritual and religious practices and (6) relationship with Métis identity.

Conclusions

We discovered multiple intersections between health, spirituality and well-being within the MNA Region 3. Our results indicate that the impacts of colonisation for Métis people are poorly understood. More research is needed to understand the ongoing impacts of colonisation, including increased understanding about Métis identity, health, spirituality, religion and well-being. In particular, more research is needed about the effects of intergenerational trauma in the broader MNA, and across Canada.
Development and validation of machine-learning models for predicting the risk of hypertriglyceridemia in critically ill patients receiving propofol sedation using retrospective data: a protocol
Authors: Deng Jiawen , Heybati Kiyan , Yadav Hemang
Published: January 2025

Introduction

Propofol is a widely used sedative-hypnotic agent for critically ill patients requiring invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV). Despite its clinical benefits, propofol is associated with increased risks of hypertriglyceridemia. Early identification of patients at risk for propofol-associated hypertriglyceridemia is crucial for optimising sedation strategies and preventing adverse outcomes. Machine-learning (ML) models offer a promising approach for predicting individualised patient risks of propofol-associated hypertriglyceridemia.

Methods and analysis

We propose the development of an ML model aimed at predicting the risk of propofol-associated hypertriglyceridemia in ICU patients receiving IMV. The study will use retrospective data from four Mayo Clinic sites. Nested cross validation (CV) will be employed, with a tenfold inner CV loop for model tuning and selection as well as an outer loop using leave-one-site-out CV for external validation. Feature selection will be conducted using Boruta and least absolute shrinkage and selection operator-penalised logistic regression. Data preprocessing steps include missing data imputation, feature scaling and dimensionality reduction techniques. Six ML algorithms will be tuned and evaluated. Bayesian optimisation will be used for hyperparameter selection. Global model explainability will be assessed using permutation importance, and local model explainability will be assessed using SHapley Additive exPlanations.

Ethics and dissemination

The proposed ML model aims to provide a reliable and interpretable tool for clinicians to predict the risk of propofol-associated hypertriglyceridemia in ICU patients. The final model will be deployed in a web-based clinical risk calculator. The model development process and performance measures obtained during nested CV will be described in a study publication to be disseminated in a peer-reviewed journal. The proposed study has received ethics approval from the Mayo Clinic Institutional Review Board (IRB #23–0 07 416).
Feasibility of implementing family-integrated newborn care for hospitalised preterm and low birthweight infants in newborn care units of Ethiopia: a mixed-methods design
Authors: Kahsay Znabu Hadush , Medhanyie Araya Abrha , Mariam Damen Haile , Ersdal Hege Langli , Rettedal Siren
Published: January 2025

Objective

To evaluate the feasibility of implementing family-integrated newborn care (FINC) for hospitalised preterm and low birthweight infants in Ethiopia. Despite the WHO’s call for family engagement in newborn care, evidence of the feasibility of implementation remains scarce.

Design

An observational feasibility study employing a mixed-methods design comprising a quantitative cross-sectional survey among 157 healthcare providers (HCPs) and a qualitative Participatory Rural Appraisal.

Setting

The study was conducted in 30 neonatal care units (NCUs) of hospitals in Tigray, Northern Ethiopia.

Participants

HCPs who were on duty in NCUs during the data collection period were included in the study.

Analysis

Descriptive statistics were obtained for the quantitative data using STATA V.16, while qualitative data were coded and analysed using a framework analysis approach with qualitative data analysis software (Atlas.ti V.9).

Results

In total, 157 HCPs were enrolled with a mean (SD) age of 32 (±6.8) years. Participants scored a higher weighted mean score for implementability (0.75) and a lower mean score for adaptability (0.50). Out of the 157 HCPs, the majority perceived that FINC was technically implementable (96%), conceptually acceptable (74%) and ethically correct (88%). Furthermore, 49% perceived that integrating FINC into the existing system was technically manageable, while 52% agreed that it was expandable to other healthcare facilities. However, HCPs reported lower confidence regarding its practicality (32%), integration (31%) and adaptability (16%). NCU space (97%), number of NCU rooms (87%) and increased risk of infection (83%) were perceived as potential challenges to the feasibility of FINC. More importantly, only 33% of HCPs felt that there was an organisational demand to consider FINC in NCUs. Furthermore, there was a statistically significant variation in the mean score for acceptability and perception of additional burden between age groups (p=0.04).

Conclusions and recommendations

The current study shows that FINC is conceptually acceptable, technically implementable and expandable to other settings, with weighted mean scores of 0.75, 0.72 and 0.66, respectively. However, its practicality (0.53), integration (0.52) and adaptability (0.50) could be generally constrained mainly by the poor organisational infrastructure related to NCU space and infection prevention measures. Addressing motivational, attitudinal and competency gaps of NCU HCPs, along with organisational capacity, would be required.
What is the current state of precision rehabilitation? Protocol for a scoping study with a consultation phase
Authors: Pouliot-Laforte Annie , Dubé Evemie , Kairy Dahlia , Levac Danielle E
Published: January 2025

Introduction

Precision health can be described as the right intervention, at the right time, for the right person, with a focus on monitoring and maintaining health in a longitudinal approach. Despite an increasing focus on precision approaches in medicine, their application in a rehabilitation context remains unexplored. As such, a greater understanding of the current state of the literature is required, in combination with clinician, researcher and healthcare manager perspectives regarding barriers and facilitators to the practical implementation of precision rehabilitation in clinical practice.

Objective

Describe and map the current state of knowledge regarding precision rehabilitation to identify gaps in knowledge and inform future research directions and clinical implementation strategies.

Methods and analysis

A scoping study will be conducted following current methodological recommendations (Peterset al, 2021) and reported according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses—Scoping Review Extension guidelines. A convergent mixed-methods design will combine quantitative and qualitative findings. A search in Medline, CINAHL, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science and PsycINFO databases will be conducted for articles published between 2010 and 2023 referring to the concept of precision rehabilitation. Two reviewers will complete an abstract and full-text review based on eligibility criteria; data will be extracted from accepted papers using a data extraction framework. Results will be aggregated and synthesised using descriptive and thematic analyses. The consultation phase will involve a purposeful sampling of key stakeholders (clinicians, researchers and managers) in large North American rehabilitation centres. Semi-structured individual interviews will be conducted and analysed using deductive thematic analysis. Convergent mixed-methods data analyses will combine quantitative and qualitative datasets to highlight similarities and differences between the current literature on the subject and the understanding of stakeholders.

Ethics and dissemination

Ethical approval has been obtained from the Research Ethics Board of the Sainte-Justine University Health Centre (no. 2024–6324). Results will be disseminated through professional networks, conference presentations and publications in scientific journals.
Stress dynamics between clinical supervisors and allied health students: a scoping review protocol
Authors: Wang Piao , Peebles Laurie , O'Connor Aine , Li Xinrong , Wang Yongsheng
Published: January 2025

Introduction

The aim of this scoping review is to connect theoretical research related to stress with practical applications to supervision experiences within allied health professions. Understanding the implications of stress between clinical supervisors and allied health students will allow for better insights to improve supervisory methods within clinical training, stronger mentorship and lead to better quality patient care.

Methods and analysis

This review is conducted according to Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) methodology for scoping reviews, which includes defining the research question, developing inclusion criteria and searching for, selecting, extracting and analysing the evidence. A literature search will be conducted in MEDLINE (PubMed), CINAHL (EBSCO), ERIC (EBSCO), PsycINFO (EBSCO) and Embase (Elsevier), as well as various grey literature resources. Studies will be included if they focus on undergraduate or graduate allied health students in a clinical setting and allied health clinical educators, and report on outcomes related to stress dynamics between these two populations. Results will pass through title/abstract and full-text screening before data are extracted using a tool developed by the reviewers. Data will be analysed and summarised descriptively and presented in both tabular and narrative formats.

Ethics and dissemination

Ethical approval is not required for this scoping review. Results will be disseminated in peer-reviewed publications and professional conferences.

Trial registration number

The protocol was registered with Open Science Framework on 2 October 2024 (https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/REK7Z).
Disappearance of spinal catheter tip due to catheter stretching: a case report
Authors: McGrath Jack , Hussein Kareem
Published: January 2025

Background

Continuous spinal anesthesia (CSA) offers precise, prolonged neuraxial anesthesia suitable for high-risk patients. This technique minimizes hemodynamic instability but comes with notable challenges. Vigilant catheter management is crucial to avoid complications, including the risk of catheter retention. We report a case where the mechanical properties of a spinal catheter led to diagnostic uncertainty.

Case

An ASA4 patient underwent a revision of total knee replacement surgery under CSA using a Pajunk IntraLong catheter set. Following successful insertion, the surgery proceeded uneventfully. During catheter removal, the expected tip markings were absent, raising concern for a retained fragment. Imaging confirmed no retained foreign body. To investigate further, stretching of a new catheter replicated the disappearance of tip markings. This finding suggested that the catheter’s material had the potential to stretch under tension, leading to fading of the markings and mimicking a retained fragment.

Conclusions

This case underscores the need for awareness of the mechanical properties of spinal catheters, especially their potential for stretching and loss of tip markings. Understanding these characteristics can prevent unnecessary imaging and reduce patient and clinician anxiety.
A reconfigurable entanglement distribution network suitable for connecting multiple ground nodes with a satellite
Authors: Vinet Stéphane , Tannous Ramy , Jennewein Thomas
Published: January 2025

Satellite-based quantum communication channels are important for ultra-long distances. Given the short duration of a satellite pass, it can be challenging to efficiently connect multiple users of a city-wide network while the satellite is passing over that area. We propose a network with dual-functionality: during a brief satellite pass, the ground network is configured as a multipoint-to-point topology where all ground nodes establish entanglement with a satellite receiver. During times when this satellite is not available, the satellite up-link is rerouted via a single optical switch to the ground nodes, and the network is configured as a pair-wise ground network. We numerically simulate a pulsed hyper-entangled photon source and study the performance of the proposed network configurations for quantum key distribution. We find favourable scaling in the case that the satellite receiver exploits time-multiplexing whereas the ground nodes utilize frequency-multiplexing. The scalability, simple reconfigurability, and easy integration with fibre networks make this architecture a promising candidate for quantum communication of many ground nodes and a satellite, an important step towards interconnection of ground nodes at a global scale.
Cryptocurrency Market Volatility and Forecasting: A Comparative Analysis of Modern Machine Learning Models for Cryptocurrencies Predicting Accuracy
Authors: Iqbal Robina , Riaz Madhia , Sorwar Ghulam , Qadir Junaid
Published: January 2025

Cryptocurrency (CRP) has grown in popularity over the last decade. Since there is no central body to control the Bitcoin (BTC) markets, they are extremely volatile. However, several similar variables that cause price volatility in traditional markets also affect cryptocurrencies. Several bubble phases have taken place in BTC prices, mostly during the years 2013 and 2017. Other digital currencies of primary importance, such as Ethereum and Litecoin, also exhibited several bubble phases. Among traditional methods of analysis for this volatile market, only a small number of studies focused on Machine Learning (ML) techniques. The present study objective is to get an in-depth knowledge of the time series properties of CRP data and combine volatility models with ML models. In the hybrid method, we first apply the Nonlinear Generalized Autoregressive Conditional Heteroskedasticity (NGARCH) model with asymmetric distribution to calculate standardized returns, then forecast the UP and DOWN movement of standardized returns through ML models such as Logistic Regression (LR), Linear Discrimination Analysis (LDA), Quadratic Discrimination Analysis (QDA), Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs), K-Nearest Neighbors (KNN), and Support Vector Machine (SVM). The findings show that the proposed hybrid approach of time series models and ML accurately predicts prices; specifically, the KNN model reveals that the scheme can be applicable to CRP market prediction. It is deduced that ML methods combined with volatility models have the tendency to better forecast this volatile market.
Transplacental sirolimus for reversal of fetal heart failure due to fetal cardiac rhabdomyoma: fetal and maternal considerations
Authors: Gonçalves Maria Beatriz Siggia , Carvalho Mariana Azevedo , Favaro Gustavo Antonio Guimarães , Mihich Juliana Salem , Leite Juliana Pavan , Correia de Melo Aline Franciele , Camargo Fabricio Marcondes , de Queiroz Soares Diogo Cordeiro , Schmidt Arenholt Louise Thomsen , Leutscher Peter Christian , Bernardes Lisandra Stein
Published: January 2025

Background: Rhabdomyoma is the most common cardiac tumor in fetal life. It has frequent association with tuberous sclerosis complex and may lead to heart failure, a potentially fatal condition. The use of transplacental sirolimus, a mTOR inhibitor, has emerged as a novel treatment in symptomatic fetal rhabdomyomas, there are, though, only few cases described.
Case Presentation: A 37-years old at 29 weeks and 4 days had diagnosis of fetal cardiac tumor, adhered adjacent to the left ventricle, associated with heart dysfunction and polyhydramnios. Therapy with oral Sirolimus was started, and, once serum levels were achieved, cardiac tumor reduction was observed, with progressive resolution of cardiac dysfunction. However, maternal hypertriglyceridemia was developed as a side effect, a rarely discussed theme on previous articles, and was successfully controlled with dose reduction. The patient delivered a male infant at 38 weeks and 2 days of pregnancy with no need of any resuscitation maneuver.
Conclusion: Transplacental treatment with Sirolimus is a promising therapeutic option to treat symptomatic fetal rhabdomyomas, but more data is demanded to determine its efficacy and safety during pregnancy. A close maternal follow up concerning triglycerides levels is mandatory.
Association of Cumulative Remnant Cholesterol with Kidney Function Decline in Chinese Population: A Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Liu Lei , Wang Changfa , Hu Zhongyang , Yang Pingting , Li Ying , Zhou Yufu , Yang Saiqi , Chen Kui , Deng Shuwen , Zhu Xiaoling , Liu Xuelian , Wang Yaqin
Published: January 2025

Introduction: Limited data regarding the association between remnant cholesterol (RC), an emerging novel lipid marker, and chronic kidney disease (CKD). This study aims to investigate the association of baseline and cumulative exposure of RC (CumRC) with kidney function decline (KFD) risk in the general population of China.
Methods: Using data from the physical examination database in the Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University (Changsha, China). 22,702 participants (age ≥18 years) without KFD, who underwent 3 consecutive annual health examinations between 2012 and 2015, were included. KFD was recorded during the interval between the third examination and the end of follow-up through 2020.
Results: The cumRC was classified into 4 groups according to these cut-off value: 0.92, 1.33 and 1.99 (mmol/L). During a median follow-up of 3.17 years, 1,085 new KFD events were confirmed. Participants in the highest quartile of cumRC had 43% higher risk of KFD (hazard ratio, 1.43 [95% confidence interval, 1.16–1.77]), compared with the lowest quartile. Similarly, restricted cubic spline analysis showed a significant dose–response relationship between cumRC and the risk of KFD (P non-linearity = 0.0314). However, baseline RC did not show any typical dose dependent positive relationship with KFD development. In the discordance analysis, high baseline RC/low baseline low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) or high cumRC/ low cumLDL-C were all associated with KFD in adjusted models.
Conclusion: These data suggest a significant association between cumRC and risk of KFD independent of traditional CVD risk factors as well as LDL-C level. Therefore, consistent RC monitoring should be given to individuals for early KFD prevention, especially in population with normal LDL-C levels who are often overlooked.
Sarkoidose: Zusammenhang zwischen Luftverschmutzung und Lungenfunktion
Authors: Drakopanagiotakis Fotios , Günther Andreas
Published: January 2025

Background: Sarcoidosis is a granulomatous disease with varying courses of disease progression. Environmental exposures are thought to be contributors to disease onset. Exposure to air pollutants such as fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) have been identified as contributors to health disparities in lung diseases; little is known about these environmental exposures’ associations with disease outcomes in sarcoidosis. Research Question: Is higher exposure to PM2.5 and NO2 associated with worse lung function in sarcoidosis? Study Design and Methods: We conducted a retrospective, cross-sectional study of individuals with pulmonary sarcoidosis seen from 2005 to 2015. Home addresses at the year of enrollment were geocoded, and exposure to PM2.5 and NO2 was modeled using high-resolution 1 km × 1 km annual surface exposure data during the year of enrollment. Racial and sex differences in exposure were determined. Multivariable linear regression models were used to examine the associations between PM2.5 and NO2 and the pulmonary function test (PFT) measures FVC, FEV1, and DLco. Results: Among the 415 individuals in the analysis, Black individuals had significantly higher exposure to PM2.5 and NO2 compared with non-Hispanic White individuals, 12.2 μg/m3 (SD 2.4) vs 11 μg/m3 (SD 2.2) and 6.3 ppb (SD 1.9) vs 5.0 ppb (SD 2.0), respectively. Every 1 μg/m3 higher exposure to PM2.5 was associated with 1.12% lower DLco% predicted (95% CI, –1.83 to –0.41; P < .05). Every 1 ppb higher exposure to NO2 was associated with 1.04% lower DLco% predicted (95% CI, –1.91 to –0.18; P < .05) in fully adjusted models. There were no significant associations between these pollutants and either FVC or FEV1% predicted. Interpretation: Higher exposure to PM2.5 and NO2 was associated with worse DLco% predicted. Black individuals with sarcoidosis were exposed to higher PM2.5 and NO2 than non-Hispanic White individuals. Air pollution exposure may be a contributor to reported health disparities in sarcoidosis.
Bronchiolitis in adults: etiology, diagnostic and therapeutic approach
Authors: Viskens Karolien , Van Ballaer Valerie , Dubbeldam Adriana , Weynand Birgit , Dupont Lieven
Published: January 2025

Background: Bronchiolitis is a heterogeneous group of disorders, each with its own clinical and radiographic presentation, treatment options and prognosis. Until now classifications were based on pathology and radiology.
Summary: Bronchioles are smaller than 2mm in diameter and do not contain cartilage and mucous glands in their walls. Bronchiolitis is the term used to designate a disorder of the bronchioles and can have multiple etiologies. A specific diagnosis requires an extensive anamnesis, physical examination, pulmonary function testing, radiographic studies and pathological investigation. We made a classification of bronchiolitis based on etiology, in order to give a diagnostic and therapeutic guidance. Further investigation is needed to optimize treatment for specific types of bronchiolitis.
Key messages: In this paper, a classification of bronchiolitis based on etiology is made. The paper provides in the diagnostic and therapeutic approach, although further investigation is needed to optimize treatment for specific types of bronchiolitis.
Hair Follicle Mesenchymal Stem Cells Induce Neural Regeneration and Repair after Transient Ischemic Stroke
Authors: Yang Chen , Yu Lei , Wang Jia , Wang Xiaokun , Yang Yuhan , He Ni , Zhang Shijing , Tang Hao , Zou Chen dan
Published: January 2025

Aim: To investigate the effect of hair follicle mesenchymal stem cells (HFMSCs) in ischemic stroke. Materials & methods: Rat transient ischemic stroke model was established to verify the effect of HFMSC transplantation. Behavioral experiment and TTC staining were used to estimate neurological outcome after HFMSC therapy. Pathological experiments were used to investigate the therapeutic roles of HFMSCs. Results: HFMSCs inhibited neural apoptosis and promoted neural proliferation. The number of neural cells around ischemic core increased after HFMSC transplantation. Besides, the grafted HFMSCs expressed neuron-specific marker in the penumbra. Finally, HFMSCs diminished infarct area and improved neurological scores. Conclusion: HFMSCs can improve neurological outcome via anti-apoptosis and promoting neural stem cells proliferation, indicating their therapeutic potential in ischemic stroke.
Neurological Complications of Cupping Therapy: A Comprehensive Review
Authors: Daneshfard Babak , Sadeghi Sajjad , Cordato Dennis
Published: January 2025

Background: Cupping therapy, a traditional treatment method, has been shown to be effective in various studies. However, there have been reports of significant neurological complications following cupping therapy. This comprehensive review aimed to investigate the important and potentially severe neurological complications documented in the literature.
Summary: The review analyzed case reports and case studies published in three major databases (PubMed, Google Scholar, and Cochrane) up to June 2024. The search strategy involved a three-step process, where two traditional medicine experts independently searched for case reports and published case series, and then a 3-person committee consisting of two traditional medicine experts and a neurologist reviewed the selected articles. Out of 280 case reports and case series, 12 studies were included in the review, reporting 14 patients with neurological complications. The majority of cases (7/14) involved interventions combining cupping with other traditional medicine manual therapies. Complications reported included vascular and infectious complications, with subdural hemorrhage being the most common (4/14). Most patients (11/14) were free of underlying diseases, and all but three patients recovered from their complications with surgical and medical treatments.
Key Messages: The study concludes that although rare, neurological complications of cupping therapy can be severe and potentially life-threatening. Therefore, it is essential for traditional medicine practitioners to be aware of these risks and take necessary precautions to prevent them. Adopting proper techniques and adhering to health guidelines can help mitigate the likelihood of complications. The creation of an international system to record and report the side effects of cupping therapy is also recommended.
Understanding the growing burden of Malignant Pleural Effusion – epidemiology, health care utilization and cost, a Canadian perspective
Authors: Czarnecka-Kujawa Kasia , Krahn Murray D. , Wu Fangyun , Stanbrook Matthew , Tomlinson George , Yasufuku Kazuhiro , Paterson Michael , Bremner Karen E.
Published: January 2025

Introduction: Malignant Pleural Effusion (MPE) is common in advanced malignancy. Data are needed on health care utilization and costs.
Methods: This population-based retrospective cohort study included patients aged ≥18 years with an MPE diagnosed between January 1, 2004 and December 31, 2018. We described the incidence and prevalence of MPE from 2004 to 2018, and trends in hospital admissions, emergency department (ED) visits, and pleural-based procedures. In patients diagnosed with MPE from 2006 to 2016 we estimated 2-year health care costs (2018 US dollars) from the public payer perspective.
Results: The annual incidence and prevalence of MPE increased from 5,090 and 14,579 in 2004 to 6,977 and 23,204 in 2018, respectively. Annual mortality among prevalent patients decreased from 32% to 28%. In 2004, 57% of patients were hospitalized, decreasing to 50% in 2018. ED visits increased (59% to 61%). From 2004 to 2018, the number of patients who had insertions of thoracostomy tube (2,211 to 3,664) and tunnelled pleural catheter (383 to 1,164) increased. The number of patients receiving pleurodesis declined (565 to 284). No change occurred in the number of patients receiving video-assisted thoracoscopy (range 140 – 208/year). Between 2004 and 2016, 76,190 patients were diagnosed with MPE (mean age 71.2; 52% female). The median (interquartile range) health care cost during follow-up was $45,641 ($23,237-$86,700), with $19,753 ($9,590-$38,746) for inpatient hospitalization.
Conclusion: Hospitalization and temporizing MPE procedures are associated with high costs. This population-based study may guide clinicians and policy makers to improve MPE management and reduce health care costs.
What Are the Implications of Choosing a TAVR-First Strategy in the Lifetime Management of Aortic Stenosis?: A Critical Review of TAVR-Explant- and Redo-TAVR
Authors: Reddy Pavan , Cohen Jeffrey , Chitturi Kalyan R. , Merdler Ilan , Ben-Dor Itsik , Satler Lowell F. , Waksman Ron , MacGillivray Thomas , Rogers Toby
Published: January 2025

Some patients with aortic stenosis may require multiple valve interventions in their lifetime, and choosing transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) as the initial intervention may be appealing to many. If their transcatheter heart valve degenerates later in life, most will hope to undergo redo-TAVR. However, if redo-TAVR is not feasible, some may have to undergo surgical explantation of their transcatheter heart valve (TAVR-explant). With rising numbers of TAVR in younger patients, we address the practical implications of choosing a TAVR-first strategy. In this review we explore potential factors contributing to higher-than-expected mortality after TAVR-explant, synthesize available outcomes data for TAVR-explant for structurally degenerated valves, and describe strategies to standardize and optimize surgical techniques for TAVR-explant. We also discuss clinical outcomes of redo-TAVR within the context of limitations in currently published series and highlight the potential benefit of virtual planning to assess the feasibility of future redo-TAVR before implanting the first valve. Finally, we highlight areas for future investigation to inform management strategies in patients who may require multiple aortic valve interventions.
Sphingosine-1-Phosphate, a Marker of Endothelial Injury and Disease Severity in Preeclampsia
Authors: Edvinsson Camilla , Piani Federica , Matthes Frank , Vanherle Lotte , Erlandsson Lena , Meissner Anja , Hansson Stefan Rocco
Published: January 2025

BACKGROUND:

Preeclampsia is a hypertensive pregnancy disorder marked by endothelial damage. Healthy endothelium is covered by a protective glycocalyx layer, which, when degraded, releases detectable products into the blood. Sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) is a cardiovascular biomarker involved in glycocalyx preservation, linked to placentation and preeclampsia development. The study aimed to test the hypothesis that plasma S1P is altered alongside glycocalyx degradation products in severe preeclampsia compared with controls.

METHODS:

We included 121 females: 41 with severe preeclampsia requiring treatment in the intensive care unit, 40 with preeclampsia but no need of intensive care unit treatment, and 40 with normotensive pregnancies. Plasma levels of S1P and glycocalyx degradation products—hyaluronic acid, SDC-1 (syndecan-1), and HSPG2 (heparan sulfate proteoglycan-2)—were analyzed from blood samples taken within 27 hours postpartum.

RESULTS:

Postpartum plasma S1P was significantly lower in the intensive care unit cohort compared with both preeclampsia controls and normotensive controls (
P
<0.001). Hyaluronic acid and SDC-1 levels were elevated in the intensive care unit group versus normotensive controls (
P
=0.009 and
P
=0.023), while HSPG2 was lower (
P
<0.001). Plasma S1P correlated with hyaluronic acid and blood pressure.

CONCLUSION:

Intensive care patients with severe preeclampsia have lower plasma S1P levels and higher concentrations of glycocalyx degradation products, indicating more pronounced endothelial damage. These findings suggest that S1P is associated with preeclampsia severity and may serve as a biomarker to assess vascular damage in this patient population. Further studies are needed to explore the potential role of S1P in long-term cardiovascular risk assessment for patients with preeclampsia.
Pandemic-Era School Staff Shortages: Evidence from Unfilled Position Data in Illinois
Authors: Bruno Paul
Published: January 2025

Concerns about school staff shortages are longstanding. However, data on shortages are limited, dated, and rare for non-teaching staff. I use administrative data on unfilled certificated positions in Illinois public schools from the fall of 2022 to paint a detailed picture of shortages across teaching, administrative, and other roles, between districts, and between schools. Teacher and administrator shortage rates are low on average, but shortages of other staff - mostly paraprofessionals - are more severe. However, staff-to-student ratios have increased recently for all staff types. Shortages vary substantially between schools within districts and across urbanicity, grade level, and student characteristics, often in ways that likely exacerbate inequities.
Dichorisandra fadenii (Commelinaceae), a new villose species from southwestern Amazonia
Authors: AONA LIDYANNE YURIKO SALEME , SOUZA EVERTON HILO DE , BITTRICH VOLKER , AMARAL MARIA DO CARMO ESTANISLAU DO
Published: January 2025

We describe, discuss, and illustrate Dichorisandra fadenii, a new species endemic in an area of southwestern Amazonia (Brazil, Peru and Bolivia). The new species can be differentiated from its congeneric species by having villose stem and leaves, whitish flowers with six stamens, yellowish anthers, opening by 2 apical pores, and lanceoloid, acuminate fruits. Discussion of relevant characters, comparisons with similar species, description, distribution map, and illustrations are provided. The species is assessed as ‘Vulnerable’, due to its restricted and fragmented distribution and plausible threats to the habitats in Amazonian forests.
High Efficient Cellulose Nanofiber/Nano-SiO2 Separator for Sodium-Ion Batteries
Authors: Li Jiupu , Li Zaifeng , Zhang Weiwei , Yang Shuhua
Published: January 2025

Sodium-ion batteries (SIB), with their relatively high energy density and good thermal stability, are currently attracting widespread attention. The separator is the key component of the SIB, which greatly affects the electrochemical performances and safety of the battery. Conventional
polymer based separators cannot meet the requirements of the large scale application because of the high cost and poor thermal stability. Herein, the novel composite separators which are composed of cellulose nanofibers (CNFs) and nano-SiO2 by a simple slurry sieving process and paper making
route were fabricated and utilized for the SIBs. The composite mass ratio are range from 100:0 to 40:60, and the composite separator exhibited excellent performance. As the content of nano-SiO2 reaches to 60%, the tensile strength and length at break are 5.73 MPa and 4.16%, respectively. The
porosity, electrolyte, and ionic conductivity are 80.63%, 259.43% and 2.79 mS/cm, respectively. Importantly, the separators exhibited excellent electrolyte wetting property (contact angle almost reaches to 0), and can be heated at 200 °C for 2 hours without significant change. The assembled
half SIB shows superior rate capacity and cycling performance (capacity retention of 96.5% after 100 cycles at 1C). The proposed fabrication of separators will play a significant contribution to sustainable development of renewable energy storage systems.