bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Year in Industry Scheme: A Partnership that Works
Authors: Helsby George
Published: May 2006

Traces the origins of the “Year in Industry” scheme,
describes its progress over the past five years, highlights the
importance of industry‐based training for pregraduate engineers and the
mutual benefits to industry and polytechnic or university‐based students
of set project work during the one‐year placement programme.
Management Challenge
Authors: Parkes David
Published: May 2006

Details the Management Challenge competition, run by the British
Institute of Management, which aims to encourage links between education
and industry. It teaches the fundamentals of running a business through
the use of a computer‐based simulation of a medium‐sized company.
Describes what 1991 competition winners learned from the exercise.
″Open Campus″ – Georgia Links Education with Training
Authors: Pyatt Gill
Published: May 2006

Investigates the high school drop‐out rate of students in the
14‐and 15‐years age group in Georgia, USA. Considers a study of a new
initiative that aims to link education based at community schools with
on‐the‐job training. There would seem to be potential in the US scheme
for adaptation to the UK system.
Graduates into Engineering: Attitudes and Intentions of Final‐Year Undergraduate Engineers
Authors: Hepburn Bruce
Published: May 2006

Describes a postal questionnaire survey to explore the attitudes
and intentions of final‐year undergraduate engineers. Addresses the
perceptions of the engineer and engineering. Concludes that the most
commercially minded students intended to leave engineering; the
manufacturing industry has a poorer image than oil or chemical
companies; sex discrimination is still pronounced within engineering;
those intending careers in engineering see Europe as a less important
part of their career.
Women Managers – The Way Forward?
Authors: Whittaker Lesley
Published: May 2006

Discusses the barriers to women′s advancement, identifying the
“male equals management” paradigm as a constraint. Also
considers the implications of women′s role in the family, individual
characteristics and the importance of language. Notes the impact of the
formal and informal organization as factors which create the
“glass ceiling”, inhibiting women′s ability to climb the
corporate ladder. Identifies initiatives such as Opportunity 2000 and
training courses as potential solutions to the problem. Also suggests
that male managers and organizations per se should be more
flexible, which would create greater achievement opportunities for women
managers.
The Relationship between Age and Job Satisfaction: Curvilinear Results from an Empirical Study – A Research Note
Authors: Luthans F. , Thomas Linda T.
Published: May 2006

After controlling for social desirability and length of service, this study found a positive curvilinear relationship between age and job satisfaction. The significance of these findings, and their implications for human resources management, are discussed.
The Curse of the Working Classes: Alcohol as a Workplace Issue
Authors: Fenley Anthony
Published: May 2006

The purpose of this article is to consider the main
issues for managers in dealing with problem
drinking. It reviews legal and medical criteria, and
society’s ambivalent attitude towards alcohol. The
importance of the work nexus in devising policies
and approaching situations is explored.
Based on a thorough review of tribunal cases – it
looks at some of the errors management make
in dealing with the issue as a discipline problem.
The article considers current medical and legal
opinion and the views of ACAS in treating alcohol
abuse as an ill health issue, and expresses
reservations about the danger of creating an
“alcoholic elite”.
Can Trade Unions Help the Unemployed?
Authors: Lewis Paul
Published: May 2006

In the 1980s trade unions developed a policy
commitment to the unemployed, but research
suggests that unions are seen solely as
organisations for people in work. What benefits
and services can trade unions usefully provide for
the unemployed? How can trade union provision
for the unemployed be improved? What
organisational structures might be developed for
the unemployed? These are the questions that this
article attempts to address. Providing job
information, retraining and legal services appear
to be the most promising way forward. Moreover,
there is support among the unemployed for these
to be provided within a trade union context.
However, finance is a problem because the
unemployed cannot pay for what they receive.
Unions should see provision for the unemployed
as an investment in goodwill which is likely to have
a pay‐off in terms of future membership stability
and strength.
Obstacles to Japanisation: The Case of Ford UK
Authors: Wilkinson Barry , Oliver Nick
Published: May 2006

The issues and dilemmas facing companies, their
unions and their workers as they attempt to
emulate Japanese‐style production practices are
discussed. Using the case of Ford UK as an
example, the causes and effects of the 1988 strike
and the withdrawal from the proposed electronics
plant at Dundee are explored. Major obstacles to
the successful introduction of practices such as
just‐in‐time production are identified; however,
once implemented these practices carry significant
implications for unions and workers.
Stress and Trade Union Officers: Towards an Agenda for Research
Authors: Miller Douglas
Published: May 2006

Little consideration has been given to the question
of stress among trade union officers. Some
explanations for this are offered and, on the basis
of pilot research carried out in the north east of
England, class and gender are revealed as crucial
variables is shown both in terms of stressors and
coping strategies for male officers. This yields a
new viewpoint for considering traditional theories
of union democracy. In a follow‐up article the
question of stress management in trade unions
will be considered.
An Overview of Canadian Labour Law
Authors: Miller Kenneth
Published: May 2006

Canadian labour legislation is not simply a pale
imitation of that of the United States. In fact,
Canada′s labour laws possess a number of unique
and original features which distinguishes them from
those stipulated by the United States Labor Relations
Act. These basic features are examined and
their origins traced, with particular emphasis on
the provisions laid out by the Ontario Labour
Relations Act, the Labour Code for Canada′s
largest province.
Behavioural Analysis of Grievances: Episodes, Actions and Outcomes
Authors: Bouwen René , Salipante Paul F.
Published: May 2006

By focusing on grievants′ formulation of their
grievances, behavioural analysis can further our
understanding of grievants′ actions and their
assessment of grievance outcomes. Building on
concepts reported in the preceding issue of this
journal and examining the grievance reports of
over 200 Belgian and American employees, a
multi‐episodic model of grievance formulation,
actions, outcomes and reformulation is developed
and examined. Persistence in pursuing a grievance
through several episodes, while risky for the
grievant, was positively related to the grievant′s
satisfaction with outcomes. This effect is explained
by increased opportunities for reformulation,
including learning which action strategies are most
likely to lead to success. Successful action
strategies differed between Belgian and US
contexts, in ways consistent with their structural
and institutional characteristics. Implications for
researchers and third party intervenors include
the need to manage grievances in a manner that
favourably influences grievants′ beliefs about the
organisation.
Do Bosses Still Love the Closed Shop?
Authors: Geare A.J.
Published: May 2006

This paper examines a number of propositions put
forward in the literature concerning the closed
shop or compulsory unionism, and examines the
level of agreement amongst 280 Western
Australian managers. The research shows a
generally strong anti‐closed shop sentiment with
a tendency to reject propositions which imply that
the closed shop can be beneficial to management,
and acceptance of propositions which imply the
closed shop merely benefits unions or is in itself
undesirable.
Repeal of the National Dock Labour Scheme: Britain′s Ports in an Era of Industrial Relations Change
Authors: Finney Nicholas
Published: May 2006

Based on a talk first given to the Manchester
Industrial Relations Society, the process of change
is charted – especially in recent times – in
Britain′s ports. In particular, a detailed analysis
is provided of the moves by the port employers
to repeal the National Dock Labour Scheme, and
their attempt to reorganise industrial relations in
this industry. A fascinating insight is offered into
the processes and consequences of change in a
highly turbulent environment.
Promises Kept, Promises Broken: Reciprocity and the Scanlon Plan
Authors: Thornicroft Kenneth W.
Published: May 2006

Productivity gainsharing plans may well experience
a resurgence as firms attempt to meet the
competitive challenges posed by the new global
marketplace. This qualitative ethnographic research
investigates the particular problems one US firm
experienced when it implemented a Scanlon
productivity gainsharing plan. It is argued that such
plans should not be treated as simple quid pro quos
for collective bargaining concessions because they
necessarily pose significant impediments to the
maintenance of the status quo. Successful
implementation requires both a sound programme
structure, especially concerning the bonus formula,
and a change in the organisation′s culture whereby
all employees are able to participate meaningfully
in the decision‐making process.
Childcare Provisions – The Perk Whose Time is Yet to Come
Authors: Berridge John
Published: May 2006

Childcare facilities and assistance for working
parents are widely advocated on demographic,
economic, political and socio‐psychological grounds
– which are all scrutinised. Yet the provision in
Britain, as documented in this article, remains
unsystematic, uneven and ill‐adapted to the criteria
on which it is advocated. The relationship is
examined between the provision in the not‐for‐profit
sector with that in the private sector, financed
by employees and/or employers. Recent political
pronouncements and manifestos on the topic are
critically compared. Future likely patterns of
childcare provision in Britain are assessed, in
particular the potential industrial concentration
among commercial childcare providers, the
questions of standards and financing, and
international comparisons. The concluding theme
is the implications for human resource management
policy makers of childcare as an employee benefit
in changing labour markets.
RESOURCE SHARING: PRACTICE AND PROBLEMS
Authors: Bakewell K.G.B.
Published: May 2006

Resource sharing is an important element in
the national planning of library and
information services to meet the needs of
information, education and culture of the
whole community at all levels. An overview
of resource sharing practices is presented,
with particular reference to the British scene.
It is also argued that, with the approach of
the Single Market in 1992, resource sharing
should now be considered on a European
scale. In conclusion, some problems
associated with the practice of resource
sharing are considered.
WHAT PRICE THE WOMAN RETURNER?
Authors: Morris Beryl
Published: May 2006

A brief overview of some of the approaches being used to attract
women back into work is given, providing examples from a number of
organisations. A brief list of helpful sources of further information is
provided.
LIBRARIES AND 1992
Authors: Armstrong Christine , Ramberan Kate , Bakewell K.G.B.
Published: May 2006

The implications of the Single European Market for libraries and
information services are considered with some examples of what is being
done. After a general introduction to 1992, the Plan of Action for
Libraries in the EC is considered and the library implications of the
five Action Lines. The roles of European Documentation Centres, EC
Depository Libraries, European Reference Centres; Euro Information
Centres and online databases are considered, together with developments
in co‐operation and also the human implications.
STAFF DEVELOPMENT FOR COMPUTERISATION: AN ACCOUNT OF
ABUBAKAR TAFAWA BALEWA UNIVERSITY LIBRARY, BAUCHI
Authors: Nwali L.O.
Published: May 2006

Staff development efforts by Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University
Library, Bauchi are discussed, with particular reference to the area of
computer literacy courses. The purchase of a microcomputer (Turbowriter)
and steps being taken to acquire CD‐ROM are reviewed as practical
efforts towards computerisation in the University Library and
suggestions are made for its success. Staff development and retention
are advocated for effective computerisation of any library system.
The Role of Management: Introducing and Operating New
Manufacturing Technology
Authors: Barclay Ian , Lunt Patricia
Published: May 2006

When a company considers the introduction of new technology, a
complete appraisal is required. Such an appraisal should encompass not
only the short‐term factors of a financial and technology nature, but
also the longer‐term factors of the people and management skills that
need to be identified and developed.
Elements of the Cultural Network: The Communicators of
Corporate Values
Authors: Sutton Charlotte D. , Nelson Debra L.
Published: May 2006

Chief executive officers of organisations are the major managers of
corporate culture. CEOs must be able to influence culture through such
explicit means as policy statements and slogans as well as through more
subtle, implicit means such as rites, ceremonies, and symbols. A
cultural network hierarchy is presented which classifies these tools
according to the CEO′s personal involvement with each element.
Guidelines are presented for using the tools of cultural communication
to change or maintain culture at both the managerial level and the
operational level of the organisation.
Approaches to Management Development in the UK
Authors: Hamlin Bob , Stewart Jim
Published: May 2006

An empirical study of the criteria of managerial effectiveness in
UK secondary schools is described, and the implications of the findings
are discussed in relation to the current controversial debate in the UK
surrounding the “universal competence approach” versus the
“process approach” to Management Education, Training and
Development (METD). Using critical incident technique and factor
analysis to generate job dimensions from behavioural data, 16 criteria
were identified. When compared with those applying in industrial,
commercial and public sector organisations, as reported in the UK and
USA literature, seven appeared to be held in common. These were deemed
to be “universal” but made up less than half the total job
domain; the other nine criteria appeared to be “situation”
specific. The results suggest that to some extent the “universally
effective manager” does exist, however, other strong evidence
supports the views of those who promote the alternative “process
approach”.
Leadership for Change in a Turbulent Environment
Authors: Darcy Tom , Kleiner Brian H.
Published: May 2006

Critical management and leadership issues relating to managing
major organisational change are examined. It is shown that the key to
leading change successfully through turbulent times is to recognise and
respond to the needs, fears, and interests of the people who will be
most affected by the change. The management techniques suggested have
two primary goals. The first is aimed at optimising the attitude and
leadership skills of the manager responsible for making the change
happen. The second is to provide the means by which the manager can
obtain the full support and co‐operation of his/her employees during the
change. If both of these goals are met, the probability of success in
leading major change becomes far more attainable than might otherwise be
the case.
Reinforcement Theory: A Practical Tool
Authors: Villere Maurice F. , Hartman Sandra S.
Published: May 2006

A “process” theory of motivation is explored, namely
reinforcement theory. Reinforcement theory is defined
and the four primary strategies for implementing it – positive
reinforcement, negative reinforcement,
punishment and extinction – are described. The
advantages and disadvantages of each strategy and the
ways of scheduling these are outlined, together with
a discussion of current research and practical
implications of the theory.
Can Computers Simulate Managerial Creativity?
Authors: Proctor R.A.
Published: May 2006

Development in micro‐computer software packages is examined as they
impinge on the area of creative problem solving in business. It is
argued that skills in creative problem solving can do much to further
organisational efficiency and effectiveness and that interactive
computer systems have an important role to play. A review is provided of
different computer aids to creative problem solving and an overview is
given of the different approaches to management games. Many of the
different kinds of management game are amenable to computerisation.
Leading People: A Model of Choice and Fate for Leadership Development
Authors: Davies George , Smith Malcolm , Twigger Wendy
Published: May 2006

Leadership is best seen as the psychological
process of accepting responsibility for task, self
and the fate of others. There are variations in the
scope and impact of these responsibilities which
can be considered as instrumental, developmental,
regulatory and symbolic, but they all weigh upon
us to some degree. Both as individuals and as
groups in organisations we are ceaselessly,
awarely and unawarely, accepting, rejecting or
avoiding these responsibilities. As we watch
individuals and groups become more aware of how
they make these choices, we see leadership
develop.
The Impact of the Budget on Lifetime Income: A Survey
Authors: Welham P.J.
Published: May 2006

The problems involved in trying to measure the effect of the budget on the distribution of lifetime income are reviewed. A comparison is made of the likely differences between the stylised facts of annual incidence studies and the possible lifetime impact of the budget. Annual studies show that redistribution to the poor occurs, primarily as a result of pensions. It is likely that the lifetime incidence of the budget is broadly neutral since pensions will not accrue mainly to the lowest deciles when a lifetime income perspective is taken.
An Empirical Analysis of YTS, Employment and Earnings
Authors: Whitfield Keith , Bourlakis Constantine
Published: May 2006

An analysis is made of the effect of YTS participation on the
subsequent employment and earnings of participants. It uses data from
the first cohort of the England and Wales Youth Cohort Studies. These
focus on a cohort of young persons who reached the minimum
school‐leaving age in 1984 and were eligible for entry into the original
one‐year version of YTS. The results indicate that participation is
positively associated with subsequent employment and negatively
associated with subsequent earnings.
Radon – how dangerous is it?
Authors: Fremlin J.H.
Published: May 2006

Discusses the radioactive gas radon, highlighting various methods
of experimentation carried out in order to assess the actual health risk
associated with the gas. Explores the means of eliminating indoor radon.
Suggests that there is a lack of evidence of any ill effects caused by
low doses of any kind of ionizing radiation.
Finishing off – using limewash and distemper in old buildings
Authors: Schofield Jane
Published: May 2006

Discusses the identification, treatment and application of the
right finishes to early buildings, with particular emphasis on
lime‐based materials. Examines the role of lime in historical building
construction and the lime cycle. Outlines limewash varieties and looks
at its traditional use, mentioning its advantageous ability to breathe
and cut down on condensation problems. Describes removing old paint and
the appropriate use of distemper. Suggests that despite drawbacks,
lime‐based materials are cheaper and more enjoyable to use than modern
equivalents.
Alderham farmhouse – the dismantling and re‐erection of a timber frame
Authors: Ross Peter
Published: May 2006

Describes the process of dismantling and re‐erecting Alderham
farmhouse, a timber frame Grade II listed building.
Estate improvement – strategies for success
Authors: Davies Hilary
Published: May 2006

Summarizes the currently available strategies for success in
carrying out improvements in the state of housing estates. Discusses the
symptoms of the degeneration and outlines the actual problem as estate
design, poverty, bad estate management and fuel poverty. Suggests
solutions based on improved estate design and estate management, and
affordable heating. Declares that the only method of measuring the
success of these solutions is in terms of alleviating the symptoms of
social breakdown.
Simultaneous Assembly: Shortening Production Time
Authors: Wiendahl H.‐P. , Brosch A.
Published: May 2006

The duration between product design and its successful introduction
into the market, also called “Time to Market”, emerges along
with cost and quality as one of the crucial factors that decide
competition. Considering this trend, several strategies and tools
together with examples for a time‐minimising assembly automation are
presented.
Inventory Performance in Egyptian Industry: Analysis and
Insights
Authors: Tawfik Mady M.
Published: May 2006

The inventory performance in industry in Egypt over a six‐year
period for a sample of 44 manufacturing companies representing five
industry groups is analysed. This will help in highlighting areas of
opportunity to improve inventory management in the industrial public
enterprises (IPEs) with an ultimate goal of increasing profitability and
productivity. The conventional inventory turnover ratio (ITR) and the
value added inventory turnover rate (ITR2) were used as measures of
inventory performance in this study. Kruskal‐Wallis H‐Test was utilised
to compare the different industry group means. An effort was also made
to identify some independent variables that might have an effect on
inventory performance at the company level. This study revealed that
type of industry is a determinant factor of the achieved ITR at the firm
level. When compared with some industrial nations, it was clear that
manufacturing companies in Egypt were suffering from a relatively low
ITR, and a very low ITR2. Another important finding of this study is
that ITR2 was always significantly correlated with the return on
investment ratio at the company level. This finding shows the
significant role that the inventory management function could play in
improving profitability and productivity in the industrial public
enterprises in the country.
Managing Information Overload
Authors: Meglio Christian E. , Kleiner Brian H.
Published: May 2006

Information is a valuable component to life and one that cannot be
avoided. The ability to manage the constant flow of information received
every day can enhance life itself. This article is taken from a report
which identifies key areas which must be practised in order to improve
management of information overload. We must remember that the quality of information far outweighs the quantity of
information. Trying to acquire too much information will leave us with
little time to react when truly important facts enter our lives.
Project Management: A Necessary Skill?
Authors: Thomas Colin‐Coulson
Published: May 2006

Project management is of growing importance as bureaucratic
organisations pass through transition to be more flexible “network
organisations”. Work is increasingly undertaken by groups and
teams, and the focus of assessment shifts from input to output. In
certain sectors, companies are coming to resemble portfolios of
projects. This article considers a survey of the role and status of
project management undertaken by Adaptation Ltd, for the Association of
Project Managers. It concludes that project management requires distinct
skills and competencies and that these will need to be developed by an
increasing number of managers.
Waste Management: A Systems Perspective
Authors: Sushil
Published: May 2006

A systems perspective of waste management allows an integrated
approach not only to the five basic functional elements of waste
management itself (generation, reduction, collection, recycling,
disposal), but to the problems arising at the interfaces with the
management of energy, nature conservation, environmental protection,
economic factors like unemployment and productivity, etc. This monograph
separately describes present practices and the problems to be solved in
each of the functional areas of waste management and at the important
interfaces. Strategies for more efficient control are then proposed from
a systems perspective. Systematic and objective means of solving
problems become possible leading to optimal management and a positive
contribution to economic development, not least through resource
conservation. India is the particular context within which waste
generation and management are discussed. In considering waste disposal
techniques, special attention is given to sewage and radioactive wastes.
Pre‐implementation Strategy for CIM
Authors: Hillman Willis T. , Mitchell Donna L.
Published: May 2006

The probability of a successful CIM implementation
is enhanced when the firm takes certain measures
to provide the proper environment prior to
implementation. A pre‐implementation strategy
that stresses the importance of continuous
improvement in processes is described. The pre‐implementation
strategy is based on a systems
analysis and design project procedure that
extricates sources of inefficiencies and establishes
a foundation of sound management practices.
Globalisation Strategies: Their Implementation
Authors: Meffert Heribert , Bloch Brian
Published: May 2006

The starting‐point is a discussion of the current
controversy regarding globalisation strategies. The
conditions for success and barriers to worldwide
marketing strategies are analysed and suggestions
made for their successful implementation. Against
the background of a global strategic orientation,
the selection of an appropriate organisational
structure, the adaptation of management systems
and the global reorientation of organisational culture
are examined. These issues are analysed within
the context of a temporal and stepwise country‐by‐country
concept. Both English language and
German literature are integrated in the globalisation
field.
Robin Hood in Interlending: Charging the information rich
to help the information poor
Authors: Myers Glenda
Published: May 2006

Addresses the issues of charging for interlibrary loans with
particular reference to the experience at the University of
Wittwatersrand, South Africa. Considers definitions of the information
poor and the information rich and the cost of equal access to
information. Proposes a method of charging the ′rich′ in order to offer
free services to the ′poor′.
Interlending and document supply: A review of recent
literature: XIX
Authors: Barwick Margaret M
Published: May 2006

Interlending activities in various countries, particularly in
academic libraries, are examined. The growth of networking and the
importance of a strong infrastructure are discussed. A system of cost
recovery for large net‐lenders is outlined. Developments in copyright
are reviewed.
Interlending between academic libraries in France – A
review
Authors: Deschamps Christine
Published: May 2006

Describes interlending activities in French academic libraries.
Explains their use of new technologies including electronic document
delivery and electronic mail. Charging policies are discussed and a list
of specialised resource centres is provided.
The role of the LINC in the automation of interlibrary loan
and document supply in the United Kingdom
Authors: Braid Andrew
Published: May 2006

Discusses why interlibrary loan (ILL) has not been the subject of
substantial automation and briefly discusses the current state of ILL
automation in the UK. Suggests that the Library and Information
Co‐operation Council (LINC) is uniquely placed to monitor developments.
Recommends further action for LINC including its role in collection and
dissemination of information and influencing developments in ILL
automation.
The philosophy behind international interlending and its
implications for the visually‐handicapped
Authors: Cornish Graham P
Published: May 2006

Argues that the visually impaired should be able to benefit from
international interlending. Considers some of the problem areas
including difficulties with transmitting documents, need for formal
systems, customs, copyright and incompatible formats. Concludes that an
international network needs to be established in particular for the
visually impaired.
Empirical Insights into British Countertrade with Eastern
Bloc Countries
Authors: Neale C.W. , Shipley David
Published: May 2006

Countertrade is a widely prevalent mode of trading among Eastern
bloc nations. Countries and companies which wish to export to them can
gain a strong competitive edge by incorporating a willingness to
countertrade into their product offering. This article reports findings
regarding the perceptions of benefits and problems held by British
executives whose companies do practice countertrading with Eastern bloc
customers. It also sheds some light on why the incidence of East‐West
countertrade appears to be inaeasing.
Impact of Financial Services Act on Investment Products
Authors: Shelton David W.
Published: May 2006

The implementation of the Financial Services Act
1986 has forced retailers of investment products
to become tied to a single insurance company or
to act as an independent by selecting the best
product for the customer from the entire market.
As a result of this many retailers of investment
products have become tied to single insurance
companies leading to a significant change in the
relationship between the manufacturers and
retailers of financial products. In addition there
has been a sharp reduction in the levels of
business transacted through the independent
channel and the availability of independent financial
advice. This has affected manufacturers in
different ways depending upon their existing
sources and mix of business. In the longer term
this is likely to lead to a reduction in the number
of life offices and the more rapid creation of
financial conglomerates based upon the top ten
banks and building societies.
Bank Selection Criteria of Multiple Bank Users in Hong Kong
Authors: Denton Luther , Chan Allan K.K.
Published: May 2006

Investigates multiple banking behaviour in Hong Kong (in the retail
sector) by questionnaire survey. The survey includes analyses of the
number of banks used by each person, the types of services used at each
bank, and the factors that influence this type of consumer behaviour.
Reports that multiple banking is widespread and is heavily influenced by
such factors as risk reduction, convenience in terms of number of
branches and automatic teller machines, the relative advantage of
selected banks, prestige, need for credit and credit cards, and special
circumstances. Statistically significant differences were found in the
evaluation of the relative importance of these factors on multiple
banking behaviour based on sex, age, marital status, income and
education discriminators.
Marketing Strategy and Company Performance: A Discriminant
Analysis in the Retail Financial Services Industry
Authors: Speed Richard , Smith Gareth
Published: May 2006

A report on the empirical findings of a research project examining
the marketing practices, strategies and organisational characteristics
of a sample of 23 banks and other companies in the UK retail financial
services market. The better performing companies, which were identified
by peer admiration, could be distinguished from the less successful
companies by wealthier customers and greater skill at controlling the
costs of supplying their services. The implications of these findings
for banks and other financial companies are discussed.
Strategic Situational Impact on Commercial Banks in Saudi
Arabia
Authors: At‐Twaijri Mohammad I.
Published: May 2006

A study is described involving the use of questionnaires to
investigate the situational factors (economy, government, technology,
competition, culture, demography) that affect the banking industry in
Saudi Arabia. The results reveal that culture and technology are viewed
as less important than the government and the economy. It is advisable
for banking strategists to start thinking about the importance of
culture, demography, and technology in Saudi Arabia. Considering the
rise in Islamic awareness, bankers should in some way create an
atmosphere to benefit from this trend and change it to a positive
factor. More attention should be directed towards integrating
technology, culture and demography.
An Exponentially Weighted Moving Average Combined Shewhart Cumulative Score Quality Control Procedure
Authors: Ncube Matoteng M.
Published: May 2006

The proposed exponentially weighted moving average combined Shewhart cumulative score (EWMA‐CUSCORE) procedure for controlling the process mean cumulate scores of ‐1, 0, 1 or 2h assigned to each moving average of the current and past sample mean values depending on a preassigned interval in which its value falls. It will be shown by average run length (ARL) comparisons that the proposed scheme performs better than the Shewhart type schemes, the combined Shewhart cumulative score type schemes, the cusum type schemes and the standard EWMA type schemes for detecting shifts in the process mean when the underlying process control variable is normal.
An Efficient Algorithm to Solve Integer‐programming Problems in Reliability Optimisation
Authors: Sharma Usha , Misra K.B.
Published: May 2006

A large number of research articles have appeared in the literature during the last two decades on the subject of system reliability optimisation, each with a view to providing simple, exact and efficient techniques. Here, an efficient, fast and exact technique is proposed for solving integer‐programming problems that normally arise in optimal reliability design problems. The algorithm presented is superior to any of the earlier methods available so far, being based on functional evaluations and a limited systematic search close to the boundary of resources. Thus it can quickly solve even very large system problems. It can also be effectively used with other operations research problems involving integer‐programming formulations.
The Development of Quality Circles in the FRG
Authors: Deppe Joachim
Published: May 2006

With the foundation of the National Quality Circle Society in the Federal Republic of Germany, a forum has been established for small group work and the promotion of Quality Circle ideas. The number of firms in the FRG who use Quality Circles is growing and a historical account is provided. Examples of Quality Circle work in German firms is given.
Optimizing Process Control Parameters
Authors: Gupta A.D. , Sachdev Anil
Published: May 2006

Presents a modification of Saniga′s model for joint economic design of process control parameters, i.e. sample size, sampling frequency and critical regions for X and R charts. The objective is to minimize the total system cost, which consists of the cost of sampling and charting, the cost of searching for and correcting the assignable causes of quality variation, the cost of downtime or production loss, and the cost of producing defective items which have to be reworked or scrapped. The modified model has been applied to control the internal profile milling of steam‐turbine blades. Highlights the saving potential of the optimum design of process control parameters.
The Reliability of Artificial Heart Valves ‐ A Case Study for the Proportional Hazards Model
Authors: Bunday Brian D. , Kiri Victor A. , Stoodley Keith D.C.
Published: May 2006

Investigates the medical factors affecting the reliability of artificial heart valves using the proportional hazards model. The data, from a database which is still being assembled at Killingbeck Hospital, Leeds, refer to patients who have had artificial heart valves implanted. The analysis of the data has been carried out using a suite of programs not specifically designed with this application in mind. Illustrates the exploratory analysis, the parameter estimation for the model and the validation of the model, being a preliminary study to assess the value of the proportional hazards model for this area. Follow‐up work, as the database is revised and augmented, is intended.
An Economic Inspection Model for a Multi‐component System
Authors: Arnold Bernhard F.
Published: May 2006

Presents an economic approach to inspecting a system consisting of several components, the questions of whether or when it is better to look at it as one unit or to divide it into its components or into subsets of its components. The objective function can be interpreted as the long‐term profit per time unit of operation which‐in the case of a production device with a constant production rate ‐ is equivalent to the long‐term profit per item produced. Gives a simple method on how to determine the economic design of an inspection policy.
JOB INSECURITY IN STOCKBROKERS: EFFECTS ON SATISFACTION AND
HEALTH
Authors: Burke Ronald J.
Published: May 2006

This investigation examined the consequences of several threats to
job security in an organisation under siege. Data were collected from 73
stockbrokers in a financial institution about four months after Black
Monday. Five threats to job security were considered: stock market
volatility, merger threat, retrenchment and cutbacks, job loss threat,
and job future ambiguity. In general, stockbrokers reporting greater
threats to job security also reported less satisfaction and poorer
emotional wellbeing.
DYNAMICS OF MIDDLE MANAGERIAL ROLES: A STUDY IN FOUR INDIAN
ORGANISATIONS
Authors: Nilakant V.
Published: May 2006

Middle level managers, a typical feature of large hierarchical
organisations, are a critical resource for ensuring performance and
growth. Few studies, however, have specifically examined the nature of
middle managerial roles, their causes and consequences for
organisational performance and change. This research is based on
in‐depth case studies of four Indian manufacturing companies. The study
examines the nature of middle managerial roles in these organisations
and their impact on current performance and change. It also discusses
factors which have led to the evolution of these middle managerial
roles. The study concludes with suggestions for improving utilisation of
middle management potential in such organisations.
The Advertising of External Audit
Authors: Yap Teoh Hai
Published: May 2006

This study reports the results of a survey designed to examine the
factors or attributes that finance managers consider important in their
choice of accounting firms. The results indicated that accounting firms
contemplating advertising emphasise qualitative factors focusing on
expertise, experience and reputation rather than physical factors
relating to fees, location and size of accounting firms. Differences in
demographic characteristics based on presence or absence of previous
public accounting experience, age and educational level were found to
have no effect on finance managers′ perceptions. The findings should
provide useful input for the advertising strategies of practising
accountants.
Strategic Management and Audit in a Deregulated Environment
Authors: Mounter Julian
Published: May 2006

Factors explaining how Television New Zealand (TVNZ) managed its
way to success in the face of a radically deregulated business
environment are examined. To understand the scope of the challenge a
brief history of TVNZ is outlined; the values and problems which that
history had produced by the mid‐1980s are discussed; and the strategy
pursued to change the legacy and the results TVNZ is achieving today are
detailed. Transforming TVNZ into a modern, outward looking company
required a change in organisational structure; reforming staff
attitudes, structure and accounting systems; introducing total costing
and zero‐based budgeting; and breaking the company into strategic
business units. A more dynamic marketing policy was adopted –
giving the customers exactly what they wanted; greater emphasis
on product differentiation, with the adoption of “brands”
for its two channels; and an aggressive advertising campaign using
company videotapes and publicity in the National Business Review
. TVNZ is now the undisputed market leader, with its channels ranking
first and second in the popularity stakes. In conclusion, Michael Cox,
Group Internal Audit Manager at TVNZ, provides a brief internal audit
perspective.
A City Perspective on Environmental Audits
Authors: Bade Roger
Published: May 2006

Financial institutions, banks, insurance and fund management
companies are starting to use environmental audits as management tools.
As more attention is given to the environment, fund managers will become
anxious to monitor the environmental performance of the companies in
which they invest. One effective tool in monitoring environmental
performance is the environmental audit. They not only highlight the
environmental risks but also indicate business opportunities. In order
to monitor the investments on the Commercial Union Environmental Exempt
Pension Fund, the “Outline System for Good Environmental
Management” and the “Environmental Management Check
List” has been developed. The latter is intended to focus the
attention of analysts and fund managers on key aspects of good
environmental management.
The Auditing Profession and the “Valdez Principles”
Authors: Stevens William P.
Published: May 2006

A consortium of environmental groups and pension fund managers in
the United States have recently announced a set of corporate guidelines
called the “Valdez Principles”. One guideline calls for
firms to prepare annual environmental reports, which would be
independently audited. Accountants have a comparative advantage in
performing such audits, as well as preparing the underlying reports.
This advantage is explained; the potential pitfalls which may hamper the
profession are also addressed.
Islamic Economics as a Social Science
Authors: Alam Choudhury Masudul
Published: May 2006

A comparative and critical examination of the methodology, goals
and history of development of the field of Western social sciences in
Islamic perspectives is presented. Economics is treated as a parallel
case study in this respect. It is shown that the field of Western social
sciences was the outcome of the revolt against the Church in the
eighteenth century by the scholastic school to sever science from
religion. Ever since, it has gained momentum also under the Cartesian
philosophy of empiricism. Thus, the age‐long advance of the social
sciences has shown increasing independence within each of its
sub‐disciplines. An inward looking hegemony developed among the various
sub‐disciplines. Such developments have made it increasingly difficult
for the treatment of ethics and values as integrable elements in social
investigation. The essence of a human analysis of social problems is
thereby, misunderstood in modern social science analysis. The
philosophy, nature and methodology of social investigation in Islamic
framework are examined. It is argued that the Western concern with
dichotomy between science and religion is not applicable to Islam.
Consequently, there is a good possibility for studying social problems
by an integrated approach among all the sub‐disciplines of the social
sciences. This gives rise to an interdisciplinary study of social issues
and problems and the development of a generalised social equilibrium
system in the Islamic framework. We have developed one such
comprehensive model endowed by its intrinsic Islamic ethics and values
emanating fundamentally from the dynamic Quranic essence of the Unity of
God in the working of the universe, “Al‐Tawhid”. The key
principles and instruments are developed. The central role of the
“shura” in functionally endowing the integrated study of
social issues, is studied. In this context, the study of Islamic
economics as one of Islamic political economy is examined. A specific
economic problem in this area is explored. It is concluded that the
approach of the Islamic social investigation and of Islamic political
economy is what the future generation of social and economic thinkers
will be working towards.
The Value‐based Islamic Economic System and Other Optimal Economic Systems: A Critical Comparative Analysis
Authors: Reilly Bernard J. , Zangeneh Hamid
Published: May 2006

It is noted that the optimal systems of radical free enterprise and radical socialism are extremes of intellectualising science. Each excludes the thought of the other. Since both theories are logically consistent, each has a compelling intellectual support base. However, both theories are flawed insofar as they make the economic reality an independent functioning entity isolated from the concepts of interdependence and broader individual and social entities. Each simplifies reality – one defines all reality in the individual while the other defines all reality in the society. The simplicity of the intellectual framework of both is the flaw which arises from using Occam′s Razor too freely in simplifying complexity. It is argued that a system that explicitly incorporates and recognises individual freedom and societal values is preferable to all other systems that are assumed to be “value free”. This could be one explanation for the emergence of the Islamic system in different corners of the world.
The Social Self and the Need for an Alternative to Socialism
Authors: Armour Leslie
Published: May 2006

Socialism is in trouble, but some serious problems which provoked
socialist theory remain. These do not have to do so much with the class
war – which is remediable – as with the difficulties of
establishing and maintaining an effective “social self” in
an economic system which does not distinguish clearly enough between
property as a means of self‐expression and property as a reward for
performing social tasks, and which does not effectively deal with the
tension between public and private property. These difficulties go back
to David Hume as well as to Adam Smith and some clues to a solution left
by T.H. Green, Hume′s nineteenth century editor, as well as by P.J.
Proudhon, are developed.
The Food Problem of China: Institutional Shortage
Authors: Wang Kerning
Published: May 2006

China is undergoing economic and political reforms. The aspect
focused on is the problem of food supply. The Institute of Development
Studies, of the State Council′s Rural Research Centre, has done
comprehensive research on this project and found many unprecedented
features of this “food crisis”. The IDS identifies China′s
food problem as an institutional shortage and irrational food
consumption pattern, quite different from that of other countries,
capitalist or socialist. They raised some proposals in solving the
problem. This article is a detailed report on the research.
On the Causality of Great Personalities and Great Events Exemplified by Lenin and the October Revolution
Authors: Raiklin Ernest
Published: May 2006

Was the October Revolution inevitable? If yes, what was its real
character? If not, could it have been avoided or taken a different
course? What was the role played in it by Lenin? Using the dialectical
method of analysis, an attempt is made to provide answers to these
questions. The following points are stressed: (1) Given the general and
particular conditions of Russian life created by the First World War and
the February Revolution, the break with the old democratic mixed
capitalist form and the establishment of the new totalitarian state
capitalist form of the social development were inevitable. (2) The fact
that this process was headed by Lenin was accidental and, hence,
avoidable. (3) But Lenin individualised the general and particular
features of the October Revolution in terms of the names of the events
associated with the revolution, of the time of its occurrence, of its
participants and of their positions during and after the revolution.