bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
New records of crustose seaweeds associated with subtidal maërl beds and gravel bottoms in Galicia (NW Spain)
Authors: Peña Viviana , Bárbara Ignacio
Published: February 2010

We studied crustose seaweeds associated with subtidal maërl beds and gravel bottoms in the Galician rías (NW Iberian Peninsula). Each species is described as well as its habitat and occurrence in maërl beds and gravel bottoms. We confirmed the great crustose species richness associated with European Atlantic maërl beds. We report a new species for the Atlantic Ocean (Contarinia peyssonneliaeformis) and six new records for the Iberian Peninsula (Atractophora hypnoides stage “Rhododiscus pulcherrimus”, Peyssonnelia immersa, Scytosiphon lomentaria stage “Microspongium gelatinosum”, Petroderma maculiforme, Pseudolithoderma roscoffense and Phycocelis foecunda). Peyssonnelia armorica is a new record for the Atlantic Iberian Peninsula and Peyssonnelia harveyana is a new record for the Galician coast. We provide for the first time observations on spermatangial structures in Cruoria cruoriaeformis occurring on the Atlantic Iberian Peninsula. The Galician crustose algal flora of subtidal maërl beds and gravel bottoms is increased up to 23 species (15 Rhodophyta and 8 Ochrophyta). Peyssonnelia rubra is excluded from the Galician flora.
Palisada flagellifera(Ceramiales, Rhodophyta) from the Canary Islands, Spain: a new record for the eastern Atlantic Ocean based on morphological and molecular evidence
Authors: Gil-Rodríguez M. Candelaria , Cassano Valéria , Aylagas Eva , Sentíes Abel , Díaz-Larrea Jhoana , Oliveira Mariana C. , Fujii Mutue T.
Published: February 2010

Palisada flagellifera(Ceramiales, Rhodophyta) is recorded for the first time in the eastern Atlantic Ocean off Tenerife, La Gomera, La Palma and Fuerteventura, Canary Islands, Spain. The specimens were collected in 2006–2009 growing from the lower intertidal to subtidal zones to 2 m depth at sites exposed to wave action. The species possesses a palisade-like arrangement of cortical cells in cross section, lacks secondary pit connections between them, and has tetrasporangia produced by three fertile pericentral cells (the third and the fourth additional and the second that becomes fertile), and a right-angled arrangement of tetrasporangia. Gametangia were not observed. The phylogenetic relationships were inferred by analyses of the chloroplast-encodedrbcL gene sequences from 46 taxa. The Canarian and BrazilianP. flagelliferaspecimens formed a highly supported clade with a low level of genetic variation in therbcL sequences (0.02–0.04%), confirming that they are the same taxonomic entity. This study expands the geographical distribution ofP.flagelliferato the eastern Atlantic Ocean.
Nonsuicidal Self‐Injury in College Students: The Role of Perfectionism and Rumination
Authors: Hoff Erica R. , Muehlenkamp Jennifer J.
Published: February 2010

A paucity of research exists examining personality and cognitive characteristics that may contribute to nonsuicidal self‐injury (NSSI). The purpose of the current study was to clarify the contribution of perfectionism and rumination, along with depression and anxiety, to NSSI within a sample of 170 college students. Group comparisons revealed that participants with a history of NSSI endorsed significantly more rumination and depressive and anxious symptoms then non‐NSSI controls. Results regarding perfectionism were mixed, with NSSI participants differing from controls on select aspects of perfectionism. Results suggest higher levels of depression and anxiety and a ruminative cognitive style may increase vulnerability for NSSI; however, further research is needed to clarify the contribution of perfectionism.
Chain of Care for Patients with Intentional Self‐Harm: An Effective Strategy to Reduce Suicide Rates?
Authors: Rossow Ingeborg , Mehlum Lars , Gjertsen Finn , Møller Bjørn
Published: February 2010

Chain of care for patients with intentional self‐harm was important in the Norwegian national action plan to prevent suicide. In this study there were two aims: (1) to calculate the potential effects of chain of care on reducing suicide rates, and (2) to assess whether suicide rates decreased more in areas where chain of care had been implemented than in other areas. We observed no differences in changes in suicide rates between areas with and without the intervention. The calculated potential effects of chain of care on national suicide rates were very small, even under unrealistically favorable conditions.
Emotional Impact of a Video‐Based Suicide Prevention Program on Suicidal Viewers and Suicide Survivors
Authors: Bryan Craig J. , Dhillon‐Davis Luther E. , Dhillon‐Davis Kieran K.
Published: February 2010

In light of continuing concerns about iatrogenic effects associated with suicide prevention efforts utilizing video‐based media, the impact of emotionally‐charged videos on two vulnerable subgroups—suicidal viewers and suicide survivors—was explored. Following participation in routine suicide education as a part of the U.S. Air Force Suicide Prevention Program's video‐based community briefing, a sample of young active duty airmen demonstrated small decreases in positive emotional states and larger decreases in negative emotional states, especially among suicidal females. No evidence of iatrogenic effects were observed among suicidal or survivor subgroups when compared to controls. Results support the use of video‐based media as a safe educational strategy that might actually serve to decrease emotional distress among vulnerable subgroups.
No Evidence of Suicide Increase Following Terrorist Attacks in the United States: An Interrupted Time‐Series Analysis of September 11 and Oklahoma City
Authors: Pridemore William Alex , Trahan Adam , Chamlin Mitchell B.
Published: February 2010

There is substantial evidence of detrimental psychological sequelae following disasters, including terrorist attacks. The effect of these events on extreme responses such as suicide, however, is unclear. We tested competing hypotheses about such effects by employing autoregressive integrated moving average techniques to model the impact of September 11 and the Oklahoma City bombing on monthly suicide counts at the local, state, and national level. Unlike prior studies that provided conflicting evidence, rigorous time series techniques revealed no support for an increase or decrease in suicides following these events. We conclude that while terrorist attacks produce subsequent psychological morbidity and may affect self and collective efficacy well beyond their immediate impact, these effects are not strong enough to influence levels of suicide mortality.
Multiple Functional Domains of the Yeast l,3-β-Glucan Synthase Subunit Fks1p Revealed by Quantitative Phenotypic Analysis of Temperature-Sensitive Mutants
Authors: Okada Hiroki , Abe Mitsuhiro , Asakawa-Minemura Masayo , Hirata Aiko , Qadota Hiroshi , Morishita Kana , Ohnuki Shinsuke , Nogami Satoru , Ohya Yoshikazu
Published: February 2010

The main filamentous structural component of the cell wall of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae is 1,3-β-glucan, which is synthesized by a plasma membrane-localized enzyme called 1,3-β-glucan synthase (GS). Here we analyzed the quantitative cell morphology and biochemical properties of 10 different temperature-sensitive mutants of FKS1, a putative catalytic subunit of GS. To untangle their pleiotropic phenotypes, the mutants were classified into three functional groups. In the first group, mutants fail to synthesize 1,3-β-glucan at the proper subcellular location, although GS activity is normal in vitro. In the second group, mutants have normal 1,3-β-glucan content but are defective in polarized growth and endocytosis. In the third group, mutations in the putative catalytic domain of Fks1p result in a loss of the catalytic activity of GS. The differences among the three groups suggest that Fks1p consists of multiple domains that are required for cell wall construction and cellular morphogenesis.
Drosophila Rab23 Is Involved in the Regulation of the Number and Planar Polarization of the Adult Cuticular Hairs
Authors: Pataki Csilla , Matusek Tamás , Kurucz Éva , Andó István , Jenny Andreas , Mihály József
Published: February 2010

The planar coordination of cellular polarization is an important, yet not well-understood aspect of animal development. In a screen for genes regulating planar cell polarization in Drosophila, we identified Rab23, encoding a putative vesicular trafficking protein. Mutations in the Drosophila Rab23 ortholog result in abnormal trichome orientation and the formation of multiple hairs on the wing, leg, and abdomen. We show that Rab23 is required for hexagonal packing of the wing cells. We found that Rab23 is able to associate with the proximally accumulated Prickle protein, although Rab23 itself does not seem to display a polarized subcellular distribution in wing cells, and it appears to play a relatively subtle role in cortical polarization of the polarity proteins. The absence of Rab23 leads to increased actin accumulation in the subapical region of the pupal wing cells that fail to restrict prehair initiation to a single site. Rab23 acts as a dominant enhancer of the weak multiple hair phenotype exhibited by the core polarity mutations, whereas the Rab23 homozygous mutant phenotype is sensitive to the gene dose of the planar polarity effector genes. Together, our data suggest that Rab23 contributes to the mechanism that inhibits hair formation at positions outside of the distal vertex by activating the planar polarity effector system.
Systematic Review of Interventions for Low Bone Mineral Density in Children With Cerebral Palsy
Authors: Hough Janet P. , Boyd Roslyn N. , Keating Jennifer L.
Published: February 2010

AIM:

To systematically review the efficacy of interventions to improve low bone mineral density (LBMD) in children and adolescents with cerebral palsy (CP).

METHODS:

We performed a systematic search for published randomized, controlled trials (RCTs) and controlled clinical trials (CCTs) of children with CP (aged 0–20 years, all Gross Motor Function Classification System [GMFCS] levels) who received various medical and physical interventions for LBMD compared with no intervention or standard care. Study validity was evaluated by using the Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro) scale. Standardized mean differences (SMDs) were calculated when data were sufficient.

RESULTS:

Eight of 2034 articles met the inclusion criteria (6 RCTs, 2 CCTs). There were 3 trials of bisphosphonates, one of which (Henderson RC, Lark RK, Kecskemethy HH, Miller F, Harcke HT, Bachrach SJ. J Pediatr. 2002;141[5]:644–651) revealed a large and significant effect on BMD in 1 of 3 sites in the distal femur (SMD: 1.88 [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.52–3.24]). There were 3 trials of weight-bearing through varying approaches, one of which (Caulton JM, Ward KA, Alsop CW, Dunn G, Adams JE, Mughal MZ. Arch Dis Child. 2004;89[2]:131–135) showed a large and significant effect on the lumbar spine when increasing static standing time (SMD: 1.03 [95% CI: 0.21–1.85]). The administration of vitamin D and calcium produced a large, nonsignificant effect on BMD in the lumbar spine (Jekovec-Vrhovsek M, Kocijancic A, Prezelj J. Dev Med Child Neurol. 2000;42[6]:403–405) (SMD: 0.88 [95% CI: −0.07 to 1.84). Growth hormone combined with vitamin D and/or calcium resulted in effects comparable with vitamin D and/or calcium on BMD in the lumbar spine (Ali O, Shim M, Fowler E, et al. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2007;92[3]:932–937) (SMD 0 [95% CI: −1.24 to 1.24]).

CONCLUSIONS:

Important effects on LBMD have been observed in small and diverse cohorts of children with CP. It is unclear whether small sample sizes or variable treatment responses account for nonsignificant findings. Additional large RCTs are needed of both physical and medical approaches.
Using the Postpartum Hospital Stay to Address Mothers' and Fathers' Smoking: The NEWS Study
Authors: Winickoff Jonathan P. , Healey Erica A. , Regan Susan , Park Elyse R. , Cole Clare , Friebely Joan , Rigotti Nancy A.
Published: February 2010

OBJECTIVE:

The objective of this study was to test the feasibility and acceptability of introducing an intervention to address mothers' and fathers' smoking during the postpartum hospitalization.

METHODS:

During a 14-month period (February 2005 to April 2006), we assessed the smoking status of both parents of all newborns who were delivered at a hospital child birth center. Parents who were current smokers (1 cigarette, even a puff, in past 30 days) or recent quitters (smoked since 1 month before conception) were eligible for the study. Parents were assigned to intervention or usual care control condition on the basis of day of study enrollment. Smoking outcomes were assessed at 3 months by telephone survey and cotinine confirmation; quitline use was assessed at 3 months by using quitline database.

RESULTS:

A total of 101 (64%) of 159 eligible parents enrolled in the study (n = 53 control subject, n = 48 intervention), including 72 (71%) current smokers and 29 (29%) recent quitters. All parents in the intervention group received the in-hospital counseling session, 94% had a fax sent to a provider, and 36 (75%) accepted quitline enrollment. In an intention-to-treat analysis that included both current smokers and recent quitters, self-reported 7-day abstinence decreased from 31% to 25% among intervention parents versus 38% to 23% among control subjects (effect size 9.4%; nonsignificant). Among current smokers at baseline who were reached at follow-up (n = 36), self-reported 24-hour quit attempts were higher in the intervention group versus control group (64% vs 18%; P = .005), whereas the cotinine-confirmed 7-day abstinence rates at follow-up were 9% in the intervention group and 3% in the control group (nonsignificant).

CONCLUSIONS:

Enrolling mothers and fathers into tobacco treatment services during the immediate postpartum hospital stay is feasible and seems to stimulate quit attempts. The birth of an infant presents a teachable moment to reach both parents and to provide cessation assistance.
NICU Practices and Outcomes Associated With 9 Years of Quality Improvement Collaboratives
Authors: Payne Nathaniel R. , Finkelstein Marsha J. , Liu Meixia , Kaempf Joseph W. , Sharek Paul J. , Olsen Sam
Published: February 2010

OBJECTIVE:

Quality improvement collaboratives (QICs) can improve short-term outcomes, but few have examined their long-term results. This study evaluated the changes in treatment practices and outcomes associated with participation in multiple sequential QICs.

DESIGN AND METHODS:

This retrospective, 9-year, pre-post study of very low birth weight infants, we assessed treatment and outcomes from the 8 NICUs of the Reduce Lung Injury (ReLI) group of a QIC sponsored by the Vermont Oxford Network (VON). We analyzed data from 1998 (pre-ReLI), 2001 (last ReLI year), and 2006 (5 years after ReLI) by using univariate and multiple regression.

RESULTS:

A total of 4065 very low birth weight infants were treated in ReLI NICUs in 1998, 2001, and 2006. From 1998 to 2006, the ReLI group decreased delivery room intubation (70% vs 52%; adjusted odds ratio [aOR]: 0.2 [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.2–0.3]; P < .001), conventional ventilation (75% vs 62%; aOR: 0.3 [95% CI: 0.2–0.4]; P < .001), and postnatal steroids for BPD (35% vs 10%; aOR: 0.09 [95% CI: 0.07–0.1]; P < .001). They increased the use of nasal continuous positive airway pressure (57% vs 78%; aOR: 3.3 [95% CI: 2.7–3.9]; P < .001). BPD-free survival remained unchanged (68% vs 66%; aOR: 0.9 [95% CI: 0.7–1.1]; P = .16), the BPD rate increased (25% vs 29%; aOR: 1.3 [95% CI: 1.1–1.6]; P = .017), survival to discharge increased (90% vs 93%; aOR: 1.5 [95% CI: 1.1–2.2]; P < .001), and nosocomial infections decreased (18% vs 15%; aOR: 0.8 [95% CI: 0.6–0.99]; P = .045).

CONCLUSIONS:

Participation in VON–sponsored QICs was associated with sustained implementation of potentially better respiratory practices, increased survival, and reduced nosocomial infections. The BPD-free survival rate did not change, and the BPD rate increased. Implemented changes endured for at least 5 years after the QIC.
Correlates of Reinjury Risk in Sibling Groups: A Prospective Observational Study
Authors: Johnston Brian D. , Martin-Herz Susanne P.
Published: February 2010

OBJECTIVES:

The objective of this study was to identify child, parent, and family characteristics that are associated with short-term recurrence of injury within sibling groups.

METHODS:

A prospective cohort study was conducted of 92 children who were aged 0 to 15 years and treated for injury at a regional pediatric trauma center and their 166 siblings. The outcome of interest was a second or subsequent injury in the sibling group, occurring within 3 months of the index injury event. Explanatory variables included injury variables, child factors (age, gender, previous injury experience, behavior problems, and traumatic stress symptoms), parental factors (age, education, social support, depressive symptoms, and traumatic stress symptoms), and family factors (socioeconomic status, family function, family structure, and life events). Poisson regression was used in multivariable models with statistical adjustment for clustering within sibling groups.

RESULTS:

More than 19% of families had at least 1 child injured or reinjured during 3 months of follow-up. The rate of reinjury to index children (8.7%) was similar to that in siblings (7.2%). Controlling for age, gender, and race, the risk for reinjury during follow-up was increased with single-parent family structure (relative risk [RR]: 3.39 [95% confidence interval (CI): 1.69–6.80]), receipt of public assistance (RR: 3.65 [95% CI: 1.61–8.28]), and clinically significant posttraumatic stress disorder arousal symptoms in the child (RR: 3.76 [95% CI: 1.51–9.33]).

CONCLUSIONS:

Along with their siblings, children who receive treatment for injury are at short-term risk for additional injury. Children in single-parent households, in families who receive public assistance, and those with posttraumatic stress disorder arousal symptoms 1 month after injury to themselves or a sibling are at highest risk. These associations could be used to develop interventions to identify and support families through periods of high injury risk.
Neurologic Involvement in a Child With Systemic Capillary Leak Syndrome
Authors: Sion-Sarid Racheli , Lerman-Sagie Tally , Blumkin Lubov , Ben-Ami Dominique , Cohen Ilan , Houri Sion
Published: February 2010

Idiopathic systemic capillary leak syndrome (SCLS) is a rare and life-threatening disorder of unknown pathology. It is characterized by recurrent episodes of shock resulting from leakage of plasma, which is reflected by accompanying hemoconcentration, hypoalbuminemia, and edema. Since its first description (Clarkson B, Thompson D, Horwith M, Luckey A. Am J Med. 1960;29:193–216), there have been only 3 descriptions of children with the disorder. Familial cases have not been reported. Brain involvement has only been described for adults and with minimal radiologic findings. We report here an unusual case of an 8-year-old boy with multiple episodes of SCLS since the age of 5 months and an exceptional presentation characterized by substantial neurologic involvement with cerebellar edema and autonomic dysfunction. The patient's family history was remarkable for 8 more relatives with the disorder, including his sister who died during a similar episode in infancy and a first-degree cousin of his father who was diagnosed as suffering from recurrent episodes of SCLS. Our patient is, to our knowledge, the first patient with SCLS with a family history of the disorder. Additional genetic studies in the extended family might shed light on the pathogenesis of this rare disorder.
Vesico-cutaneous fistula revealing abdominal wall malakoplakia accompanied by Boeck’s sarcoidosis
Authors: Knausz József , Lipták József , Andrásovszky Zsolt , Baranyay Ferenc
Published: February 2010

A malacoplakia szerzett granulomatosus megbetegedés, amelyet elsőkéntMichaelisésGutmannírtak le 1902-ben. Patogenezise nem tisztázott, feltehetően a macrophagok baktericid defektusa miatt másodlagosan, többnyire immunszupprimált betegekben alakul ki.Esetismertetés:A 63 éves nőbeteg 10 éve pulmonalis sarcoidosis miatt methylprednisolonterápiában részesült. Fél éve visszatérő alhasi (hasfali) tályog alakult ki, amelynek kórszövettani vizsgálata malacoplakiát igazolt. A folyamat vesicocutan fistulával szövődött. A tályogbólE. colitenyészett ki.Módszer:A vizsgálati anyagon hematoxilin-eozin festést, perjódsavas Schiff-, berlinikék és Kossa-reakciókat végeztek.Eredmények:Mikroszkóposan von Hansemann-féle macrophagok, PAS- és Kossa-reakcióval Michaelis–Gutmann-testek voltak megfigyelhetők. Az urológiai-sebészi ellátás (fistulareszekció) és az azt követő antibiotikus kezelés hatására a beteg panasz- és tünetmentessé vált.Megbeszélés:A malacoplakia – bár számos anatómiai lokalizációban leírták – leggyakrabban az urogenitalis rendszer szerveiben fordul elő. Hasfali, kismedencei fistulákkal járó esetek ismeretesek.Következtetés:Betegüknél a sarcoidosis és a következményes tízéves methylprednisolonterápia immunszuppresszív állapotot tarthatott fenn, amely a kialakult vesicocutan fistulát okozó malacoplakiával összefüggésbe hozható. Sebészi és antibiotikus kezelésre a beteg meggyógyult.
How to help and promote Hungarian medical publications?
Authors: Rurik Imre
Published: February 2010

A folyóiratok impaktfaktorát (IF) a tudományos színvonal értékmérőjének tekintik annak ellenére, hogy nagy fokban befolyásolja az újság témája, szakterülete, kiadója, szerkesztője, tudományos és gazdasági háttere. Bár sok javaslat született már ennek a fontos scientometria-paraméternek a módosítására, széles körben alkalmazzák újságok, személyek, osztályok tudományos teljesítményének összehasonlítása, a tudományos előmenetel megítélése, előléptetéssel való jutalmazás és pályázati források elosztása során. A legtöbb kutató nemzetközi adatbázisokat használ a kutatásaihoz szükséges publikációk megkeresésére – sajnálatos, hogy ezen adatbázisok csak kis számban tartalmaznak magyar folyóiratokat. Javasoljuk egy magyar elektronikus orvostudományi adatbázis felállítását, amelybe a különböző szakterületek alapján (pl. diabetológia, gasztroenterológia, népegészségügy, urológia stb.) töltenék fel a magyar szerzők dolgozataikat. Így segíthetnék egymást munkáik megismertetésével és idézésével. Ennek a honlapnak a leendő szervezőjét, gazdáját és támogatóit keressük.
Socioeconomic inequities in the health and nutrition of children in low/middle income countries
Authors: Barros Fernando C , Victora Cesar G , Scherpbier Robert , Gwatkin Davidson
Published: February 2010

OBJECTIVE: To describe the effects of social inequities on the health and nutrition of children in low and middle income countries. METHODS: We reviewed existing data on socioeconomic disparities within-countries relative to the use of services, nutritional status, morbidity, and mortality. A conceptual framework including five major hierarchical categories affecting inequities was adopted: socioeconomic context and position, differential exposure, differential vulnerability, differential health outcomes, and differential consequences. The search of the PubMed database since 1990 identified 244 articles related to the theme. Results were also analyzed from almost 100 recent national surveys, including Demographic Health Surveys and the UNICEF Multiple Indicator Cluster Surveys. RESULTS: Children from poor families are more likely, relative to those from better-off families, to be exposed to pathogenic agents; once they are exposed, they are more likely to become ill because of their lower resistance and lower coverage with preventive interventions. Once they become ill, they are less likely to have access to health services and the quality of these services is likely to be lower, with less access to life-saving treatments. As a consequence, children from poor family have higher mortality rates and are more likely to be undernourished. CONCLUSIONS: Except for child obesity and inadequate breastfeeding practices, all the other adverse conditions analyzed were more prevalent in children from less well-off families. Careful documentation of the multiple levels of determination of socioeconomic inequities in child health is essential for understanding the nature of this problem and for establishing interventions that can reduce these differences.
Experiências de discriminação entre universitários do Rio de Janeiro
Authors: Bastos João Luiz , Gonçalves Helen , Faerstein Eduardo , Barros Aluísio JD
Published: February 2010

OBJETIVO: Compreender experiências de discriminação vividas por jovens universitários e analisar sua aplicação à construção de escala brasileira de discriminação. PROCEDIMENTOS METODOLÓGICOS: Estudo qualitativo realizado com cinco grupos focais com 43 universitários do Rio de Janeiro, RJ, em 2008. Foram selecionados estudantes de cursos com distintas relações candidato/vaga, de ambos os sexos e autoclassificados nas categorias de cor/raça branca, parda e preta de duas instituições de ensino público superior. Foi utilizado o roteiro que abrangia os termos preconceito e discriminação e questionava os participantes acerca de suas experiências discriminatórias. Adotou-se o método de interpretação de sentidos, buscando-se apreender o contexto, as razões e as lógicas das falas dos sujeitos. ANÁLISE DOS RESULTADOS: O preconceito foi interpretado como algo pertencente ao campo das idéias e possivelmente equivocado, podendo ser tanto positivo quanto negativo. A discriminação foi atribuída ao plano dos comportamentos observáveis e com conotação invariavelmente negativa. A interpretação de um evento como discriminatório foi influenciada por fatores subjetivos, tais como os interesses particulares e o grau de afetividade estabelecido entre os indivíduos. Porém, os limites entre o que foi interpretado como discriminatório ou não dependeu fortemente do contexto específico em que ocorreu a interação entre os sujeitos. Diferentes cenários e, eventualmente, mais do que uma motivação foram simultaneamente apontados nas experiências discriminatórias. Os participantes se reconheceram tanto como vítimas quanto perpetradores de discriminação. CONCLUSÕES: A interpretação de um evento como discriminatório é complexa e as experiências de discriminação são dificilmente generalizáveis. Quando evidentes, os motivos pelos quais os sujeitos supõem que foram discriminados podem ser múltiplos e estar associados. Tais aspectos devem ser considerados na construção de escalas de discriminação.
Mapa das juventudes de Santo André, SP: instrumento de leitura das desigualdades sociais
Authors: Yonekura Tatiana , Soares Cássia Baldini , Minuci Elaine Garcia , Campos Célia Maria Sivalli , Trapé Carla Andrea
Published: February 2010

OBJETIVO: Analisar as desigualdades sociais de jovens moradores em área urbana pelo mapeamento de dados sociodemográficos e econômicos. MÉTODOS: Utilizando-se dados do Censo Demográfico 2000, 57 variáveis sociodemográficas e econômicas de jovens de 15 a 24 anos do município de Santo André, SP, foram distribuídas por 43 regiões de dados estatísticos que correspondem a um recorte do território em distritos menores. Os dados foram coletados no Departamento de Indicadores Sociais e Econômicos da Prefeitura Municipal de Santo André, referentes ao ano 2000. Por meio de análise fatorial, 13 variáveis foram agrupadas em dois fatores - condições de trabalho e condições de vida, que discriminaram estatisticamente regiões semelhantes entre si. Foi realizada análise por agrupamento das regiões, resultando em quatro grupos sociais. RESULTADOS: O espaço que concentrava os jovens com mais acesso à riqueza foi classificado como central e aqueles com menos acesso, como periférico. Duas gradações intermediárias puderam ser identificadas, uma mais próxima ao extremo do acesso ("quase central") e outra mais próxima à privação ("quase periférica"). As variáveis discriminantes estavam relacionadas ao trabalho, à migração, escolaridade, fecundidade, posição do jovem no domicílio, presença de cônjuge ou companheiro, condição de moradia e posse de bens. CONCLUSÕES: As diferenças entre os grupos sociais expressaram desigualdades importantes entre os jovens que vivem, estudam e/ou trabalham na cidade, o que contribuirá para o planejamento de políticas sociais públicas dirigidas a esses grupos.
Tendências da internação e da mortalidade infantil por diarréia: Brasil, 1995 a 2005
Authors: Oliveira Thais Cláudia Roma de , Latorre Maria do Rosário Dias de Oliveira
Published: February 2010

OBJETIVO: Analisar a tendência das internações e da mortalidade por diarréia em crianças menores de um ano. MÉTODOS: Foi realizado um estudo ecológico de séries temporais entre 1995 e 2005, para o Brasil e para as capitais dos estados. Foram utilizados dados secundários do Ministério da Saúde, obtidos do Sistema de Informação Hospitalar e do Sistema de Informação sobre Mortalidade. Durante o período de estudo foram registradas 1.505.800 internações e 39.421 mortes por diarréia de crianças menores de um ano de idade. Para as análises das tendências da taxa de internação e de mortalidade foram utilizados modelos de regressão polinomial. RESULTADOS: Houve redução tanto nas internações por diarréia quanto na mortalidade infantil por diarréia no País e em 13 capitais. Oito capitais tiveram queda somente na mortalidade por diarréia, enquanto três apresentaram decréscimo somente nas taxas de internação por diarréia. Na análise conjunta dos indicadores de diarréia e dos indicadores gerais, observou-se que houve decréscimo em todas as séries históricas somente no Brasil e em quatro capitais. CONCLUSÕES: A redução nas taxas de internações e mortalidade por diarréia observada pelas séries temporais podem ser resultado das medidas de prevenção e controle empregadas.
Prevalência de doação de sangue e fatores associados, Pelotas, RS
Authors: Zago Alethea , Silveira Mariângela Freitas da , Dumith Samuel C
Published: February 2010

OBJETIVO: Estimar a prevalência de doação de sangue e fatores associados. MÉTODOS: Estudo transversal com amostra representativa de 2.986 indivíduos com 20 anos ou mais realizado em Pelotas, RS, em 2007. Foram considerados três desfechos: doação de sangue alguma vez na vida, doação no último ano e doação fidelizada (pelo menos duas doações no último ano). Cada desfecho foi analisado de acordo com variáveis demográficas, socioeconômicas, de saúde, exposição a campanhas de promoção da doação de sangue e ter parente ou amigo doador. A análise bruta e multivariável foi feita utilizando-se regressão de Poisson, com ajuste para o efeito do desenho amostral. RESULTADOS: As prevalências encontradas de doação de sangue alguma vez na vida, no último ano e de doação fidelizada, foram, respectivamente, 32%, 7,7% e 3,6%. Tais prevalências foram maiores para indivíduos do sexo masculino e aumentou conforme o nível econômico e a autopercepção da saúde. A prevalência de doação na vida foi maior para o grupo etário de 50 a 65 anos; no último ano, foi maior entre os mais jovens (20 a 29 anos); e a doação fidelizada foi maior para o grupo de 30 a 49 anos. Cor da pele, situação conjugal, religião, ter parente ou amigo doador e conhecimento sobre campanhas não apresentaram associação com nenhum dos desfechos analisados. CONCLUSÕES: A prevalência de doação de sangue foi maior para os homens e para aqueles com melhor auto-percepção de saúde e nível econômico. As campanhas de incentivo à doação deveriam diversificar o perfil dos doadores, de modo a atingir os grupos de pessoas menos propensas a doar sangue
Orientação temporal e funções executivas na predição de mortalidade entre idosos: estudo Epidoso
Authors: Xavier André Junqueira , d´Orsi Eleonora , Sigulem Daniel , Ramos Luiz Roberto
Published: February 2010

OBJETIVO: Analisar a capacidade preditiva de índice cognitivo funcional para mortalidade entre idosos. MÉTODOS: Estudo de coorte realizado com 1.667 idosos acima de 65 anos residentes no município de São Paulo, SP, no período 1991-2001. O índice cognitivo funcional foi construído a partir da orientação temporal e funções executivas (fazer compras e tomar medicação), controlado por variáveis sociodemográficas, hábitos de vida, morbidade, autopercepção de saúde, internação, edentulismo e suporte social. Os óbitos ocorridos no período foram investigados com familiares em entrevistas domiciliares, em cartórios e registros da Fundação Seade (até 2003). Foram calculados riscos relativos brutos e ajustados com respectivos intervalos com 95% de confiança por meio de análise bivariada e múltipla com regressão de Poisson, adotando-se p<0,05. RESULTADOS: No modelo multivariado final os fatores de risco independentes identificados pelo índice foram: perda parcial da orientação temporal ou funções executivas (RR=1,37; IC 95%: 1,03;1,83); perda total da orientação e parcial das funções (RR=1,71; IC 95%: 1,24;2,37); perda parcial da orientação e total das funções (RR=1,76; IC 95%: 1,35;2,28); perda total da orientação e das funções (RR=1,64; IC 95%: 1,30;2,06), Quanto às condições de saúde: internação (RR=1,45; IC 95%: 1,22;1,73); diabetes (RR=1,20; IC 95%: 1,00;1,44); edentulismo total (RR=1,34; IC 95%: 1,09;1,66). Relacionamento mensal com parentes foi identificado como fator protetor (RR=0,83; IC 95%: 0,69;1,00). CONCLUSÕES: O Índice Cognitivo Funcional pode auxiliar clínicos e planejadores em decisões sobre estratégias de seguimento e prevenção de causas tratáveis de déficit cognitivo e perda funcional para diminuir a mortalidade entre os idosos.
Papel da autonomia na auto-avaliação da saúde do idoso
Authors: Fonseca Maria das Graças Uchôa Penido , Firmo Josélia Oliveira Araújo , Loyola Filho Antônio Ignácio , Uchôa Elizabeth
Published: February 2010

OBJETIVO: Compreender os significados atribuídos à auto-avaliação da saúde do idoso. PROCEDIMENTOS METODOLÓGICOS: Estudo qualitativo, realizado com 17 idosos (> 70 anos) de ambos os sexos residentes em Bambuí, MG, em 2008. Foi utilizada abordagem antropológica baseada no modelo de signos, significados e ações que relaciona ações individuais, códigos culturais e contexto macrossocial. Foram realizadas entrevistas semi-estruturadas centradas na auto-avaliação da saúde, descrição de saúde "boa" e saúde "ruim" e nos critérios utilizados pelos idosos na auto-avaliação da saúde. ANÁLISE DOS RESULTADOS: A idéia organizadora dos relatos vincula a autoavaliação da saúde do idoso às lógicas "participar da vida" e "ancoragem à vida". A primeira tem a autonomia como fio condutor, englobando as seguintes categorias: permanecer ativo dentro das capacidades funcionais instrumentais avançadas, ser dono da própria vida (como oposição a ser dependente), ser capaz de resolver problemas e poder agir como desejar. A segunda lógica unifica as seguintes categorias: capacidade de interação, estar engajado em relações significativas e poder contar com familiares, amigos ou vizinhos. CONCLUSÕES: A saúde é entendida pelos idosos como ter autonomia no exercício de competências funcionais demandadas pela sociedade, tais como capacidade de responder às obrigações familiares e capacidade de desempenhar papéis sociais. Ao definir sua saúde como boa ou razoável, o idoso não se caracteriza como pessoa livre de doenças, mas como sujeito capaz de agir sobre o ambiente.
Atuação dos coordenadores de grupos de saúde na rede docente assistencial
Authors: Santos Luciane de Medeiros dos , Oliveira Eleonora Menicucci de , Crepaldi Maria Aparecida , Aurélio Da Ros Marco
Published: February 2010

OBJETIVO: Analisar o modelo de atuação de coordenadores de grupos de promoção da saúde em unidades básicas de saúde vinculadas à formação de profissionais. PROCEDIMENTOS METODOLÓGICOS: Estudo qualitativo realizado no município de Florianópolis, SC, em 2001. Foram analisados quatro grupos, totalizando 24 sessões em unidades básicas de saúde. Procedeu-se à observação participante para iniciar o trabalho de campo. Os relatos foram analisados por meio da técnica de análise do discurso do tipo enunciativo-pragmático. ANÁLISE DOS RESULTADOS: As formas de atuação dos coordenadores congruentes ao modelo preventivista foram: opressiva, pedagógica bancária, biologicista e higienista, prescritiva de condutas e culpabilizadora, infantilizadora, redutora das problemáticas coletivas, desfavorecedora do setting grupal, além de utilização de solilóquio. As formas de atuação consonantes ao Modelo da Nova Promoção foram: facilitadora da livre expressão e autonomia, comunicadora empática, construcionista, acolhedora, utilizou a escuta ativa, além de promover a superação da violência e alienação. CONCLUSÕES: Os coordenadores atuaram primordialmente por meio do modelo preventivista e sem utilizar recursos técnicos e teóricos alusivos à metodologia grupal na área da saúde. As atuações identificadas nos modelos preventivista e a nova promoção da saúde desvelam características que se fundamentam, respectivamente, nas éticas da - opressão/subordinação e; - na cooperação/aceitação dos usuários como livres e responsáveis por suas escolhas e conseqüências.
Exporting "failure": why research from rich countries may not benefit the developing world
Authors: Miranda J Jaime , Zaman M Justin
Published: February 2010

The '10/90 gap' was first highlighted by the Global Forum for Health Research. It refers to the finding that 90% of worldwide medical research expenditure is targeted at problems affecting only 10% of the world's population. Applying research results from the rich world to the problems of the poor may be a tempting, potentially easy and convenient solution for this gap. This paper had the objective of presenting arguments that such an approach runs the risk of exporting failure. Health interventions that are shown to be effective in the specific context of a Western industrialized setting will not necessarily work in the developing world.
Attic Thin Oil Columns Horizontal Wells Optimization Through Advance Application of ICDs and Well Placement Technologies in South China
Authors: Tran T. , Huang Y. S. , TigerLian J. H. , Yu G. D. , Zhang H. , Partono Y. , GordonGoh K. F. , Lee J. S. , Kok J. , Lui Y. , Parlindungan M. H.
Published: February 2010

The horizontal wells side-track campaign at CACT’s H fields in South China Sea has been very successful and challenging over the last two years. Horizontal wells are well-recognized in developing thin-oil column within multi-stacked reservoir by exposing wellbore to maximum reservoir contact and drainage area. The lateral targets and remaining oil reserves are in attic thin oil columns in clean sands and shaly sands. Since the oil column is thin at the top of a clean sandstone reservoir with strong bottom water drive, early water break through can occur even when the lateral is well placed on the top of the reservoir.

To further optimize the reserves recovery, horizontal trajectories are placed near the top of the reservoir, and the well is completed with stand-alone screen combines with downhole inflow control devices (ICD’s). This combination provides the horizontal well optimum completion for draining and further prolongs the life of the well. The application of the field-adjustable nozzles based on real-time Logging-while-Drilling (LWD) data updates into ICD’s predrilled model, together with the precise well placement have enabled horizontal wells to be economically developed in a thin oil-bearing layer.

In this paper, some of the technical assessment and collaboration workflow between the multi disciplinary team of technology users and service providers, enrooting to the successful implementation of the first nozzle-type ICD’s installation and Distance-to-Boundary Well Placement technology in China will be highlighted. The success of the first ICD’s well completions installation was proven with better Productivity Index (PI) based on initial well performance. The first ICD’s well produced ~100% oil for almost two months since early Mar 2009. Meanwhile, a second ICD’s well with thinner net oil pay produced 100% oil for 20 days clearly showed the benefit of ICD later when water break through and increased to 85%.

The mentioned integrated Nozzle-ICD’s design with precise Distance-To-Boundary Well Placement solution have shifted the conventional application of ICD’s, which is hardware-orientated, from being dictated one-way by hardware supplier, towards a holistic reservoir-centric design. It has become an operation that keeps all-party informed and always in communication. The "real-time" add-value of LWD and well placement data in updating the predrilled ICD’s well model has benefitted horizontal wells inflow control design. This integrated and reservoir-centric solution has optimized horizontal well application successfully in one well, but facing some reservoir and structural challenges in another well; which has provided valuable lesson-learned for future drilling.
MWD Failure Rates Due to Drilling Dynamics
Authors: Reckmann Hanno , Jogi Pushkar , Kpetehoto Franck , Chandrasekaran Sridharan , Macpherson John
Published: February 2010

Rig downtime due to MWD tool failure is expensive, particularly on offshore rigs with extremely high operating costs. There are different reasons for tool failures, one being the high vibration loads on MWD tools under extreme drilling conditions. MWD and LWD tools are usually equipped with sensors to measure and record vibrations for drilling efficiency and optimization. The goal of the study described in this paper is to establish the link between MWD or LWD tool failure, and drilling dynamics. With this knowledge, it is possible to reduce failure rates and costs with real-time monitoring of downhole drilling dynamics.

To analyze the effect of drilling dynamics on MWD tool failures, a unique database of MWD runs in challenging environments was created. This database includes vibration data recorded at 5-second intervals from more than 12,000 drilling and reaming hours, over a total footage of 425,000 feet. In addition to unique dynamics data such as weight, torque, bending moments and axial, lateral and tangential RMS and peak accelerations, the database included detailed run and failure reports, and environmental information such as well profiles and drilling operations.

A statistical study using the logistic regression indicates the types of dynamic behavior most statistically significant in MWD/LWD tool failures. These are cumulative lateral vibrations and backward whirl. Cumulative axial or tangential acceleration appears not to be significant in current MWD/LWD tool failures.

A study on the correlation between recorded MWD tool dynamics and tool failure rates established the link between time spent operating above a level of vibration and the probability of tool failure. This paper contains charts describing this relationship between dynamics, operating hours, and MWD/LWD tool failure rates. These charts are valuable in operational risk management and in developing procedures for optimal drilling practices that reduce the dynamic loads on the MWD system, resulting in prolonged tool life and reduced cost.
Improvements in Multistage Fracturing of Horizontal Wells Using a Newly Introduced Single Trip Coiled Tubing Conveyed Annular Perforating and Fracturing Tool - Benefits, Savings, and Case Histories
Authors: Hari Rob , Laun Lyle
Published: February 2010

Multi stage fracturing of horizontal wells is quickly creating the same "step change" as when vertical wells first went horizontal. As improved advances are made in drilling and completing horizontal wells, new solutions are required to address the limitations of today’s multi-stage fracturing methods.

A new process, conceived and licensed from ExxonMobil Upstream Research Company, offers an alternative to existing multi-stage fracturing methods. This paper will discuss the benefits, cost savings and case histories of a newly released single trip coiled tubing conveyed annular fracturing & perforating assembly.
Riserless Drilling With Casing: Deepwater Casing Seat Optimization
Authors: Kotow Kenneth J. , Pritchard David M.
Published: February 2010

This technical submission on Deepwater Casing Seat Optimization is a follow up to the submission of Riserless Drilling with Casing: A New Paradigm for Deepwater Well Design OTC-19914, presented in May 2009. This paper had discussed the need for a deepwater well design change for GOM due to the well documented poor performance of drilling complex wells in the GOM, and subsequently proposed a well design concept based upon setting the first two casing strings significantly deeper than the current practice. This submission continues the discussion the rational for setting the riserless casing strings deeper than current practices and reviews the feasibility and challenges of a well design to implement such a significant change in the current deepwater well design.

Riserless Casing Seating Optimization is a design method for the installation of riserless casing strings in deepwater drilling environments. The conventional deepwater well design model fails to take advantage of the early and progressive growth of the subsurface fracture gradient immediately below the mud line, due to perceived requirement to set an another casing string above anticipated shallow drilling hazards. This results in the inability to supply sufficient and safe "leak-off" for the drilling of subsequent holes and casing installations, adequately mitigate shallow hazards, and avoid "wasting" casing diameters in the riserless hole sections and thus subsequent sections to total vertical well depth. This method provides for the installation of at the minimum two riserless casing strings, beginning with the structural conductor, which is conventionally installed by "jetting" operations. The proposal is for the dual purpose use of the structural conductor in that it is installed at deeper depth so that it takes advantage of the early growth of the fracture gradient, and then becomes a true structural casing being able to support the axial loads of the BOP’s and subsequent casing strings. Furthermore this ensures sufficient leak-off protection for next string and the safe drilling of subsequent shallow hazards.

This technical presentation suggests that drilling with casing could be the mitigating technology that will allow the hole sections depths to be drilled to depths corresponding to the pore pressure / fracture gradient environment. Drilling with casing, actually liner drilling due to the water depth, improves the near wellbore shallow fracture gradient while providing better dynamic ECD control of potential shallow water or gas flows. Furthermore there is a discussion on some of the key well design issues that pertain to this proposal.