bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ZNAČAJ NOVIH TEHNOLOGIJA I NJIHOV UTICAJ NA INDUSTRIJSKI RAZVOJ USLUŽNE DJELATNOSTI I NEZAPOSLENOST
Authors: Šušić Milan
Published: June 2020

Nove Informaciono-komunikacione tehnologije pronašle su svoju primjenu usvim područjima djelatnosti (prerađivačka industrija, građevinarstvo, trgovina na velikoi na malo, prevoz i skladištenje, informacije i komunikacije, obrazovanje, zdravstvenazaštita i socijalna briga i druge djelatnosti). CAD/CAM aplikacija se koriste u industrijiza projektovanje, izradu prototipova, gotovih proizvoda i realizaciju proizvodnih programa,a u uslužnim djelatnostima kao što je zdravstvena zaštita-stomatologija je proceskojim se postiže završna obrada zuba kroz fi no mljevenje gotovih keramičkih blokova radipostizanja efi kasnijeg rada. CAD/CAM tehnologija u suštini omogućava kreiranje dvodimenzionalnih,trodimenzionalnih, petodimenzionalnih modela i njihovu materijali-zacijunumeričkim kontrolisanim mašinama. Da bi efi kasnije funkcionisali, smanjili troškove,povećali efi kasnost prerađivačke industrije i usluga, postigli zadovolјstvo korisnika- pacijentai na kraju ostvarili profi t, mnoge kompanije i stomatološke ordinacije na svijetuusmjerile su pažnju na implementaciju savremenih IT rješenja u svakodnevnoj praksi. Odnamjenski izgrađenih keramičkih blokova stomatolog može vrlo brzo pružiti uslugu (preciznanadoknadu u vidu mostova i krunica) koristeći CAD/CAM tehnologiju (računarsko--pomoćno-dizajnirani / kompjuterski podržanu proizvodnju). Prednosti ove tehnologijesu predstavlјene u ovom radu. Postoje mnogi sistemi poput PoverMill, PoverShape,DeskProto 3D CAM, DeskProto V 7.0 u industriji kao i Cercon, Celai, Cerec, Lava, Everest,koji predstavlјaju imperativ moderne stomatologije.
ПРИЈЕДЛОГ НОВОГ НАЧИНА ФИНАНСИРАЊА ЗАШТИТЕ И СПАСАВАЊА/ЦИВИЛНЕ ЗАШТИТЕ У РЕПУБЛИЦИ СРПСКОЈ
Authors: Јуришић Драгиша , Максимовић Горан , Јовичић Радослав
Published: June 2020

Питање развоја и унапређења система заштите испасавања у Републици Српскојје тема која се константно покреће,посебно након полава 2014. године. Једно од најзначајнијих питањакоје је покренуто је финансирање система заштите и спасавања.Циљ овог рада је да предложи један нови приступ и један нови моделфинансирања система заштите и спасавања у Републици Српској.Ради се о формирању Фонда за заштиту и спасавање који би се у ос-нови пунио средствима међубанкарских трансакција у РепублициСрпској и средствима прикупљеним од игара на срећу.
SLIKAR PERO B. POPOVIĆ I NJEGOVI BANJALUČKI UČENICI
Authors: DAMJANOVIĆ DANKA
Published: June 2020

Slikari Vilko Gecan (1894–1973) i Milivoj Uzelac (1897–1977), ključne ličnosti hrvatskog ekspresionizma, prve slikarske pouke dobijaju od septem-bra 1911. do juna 1913. godine na Gimnaziji u Banjaluci kod profesora Pere B. Popovića (1881–1941). Zatim se obojica, iz porodičnih razloga, sele u Zagreb, gdje nastavljaju umjetničke studije. Ubrzo se razilaze. Gecan i dalje naukuje u Zagrebu, zatim u Minhenu, a Uzelac odlazi prvo u Prag i onda u Francusku, gdje ostaje do kra-ja života. Bez obzira na godine i geografsku udaljenost, Gecan i Uzelac nikada nisu prekinuli prijateljske veze, a često su se sjećali svojih banjalučkih dana, profesora Pere B. Popovića, kojem se 1937. godine jedan od njih, Vilko Gecan, obraća pismom u kojem se interesuje, traži pomoć i savjet u vezi sа njegovom eventualnom izložbom u ovom gradu. Sadržaj pisma je ostao nepoznat. Ovdje donosimo pismo ili odgovor koji profesor Popović upućuje svom učeniku Vilku Gecanu.
Часопис ''Топола'', година V, број 5, ЈУ ''Спомен-подручје Доња Градина'' Доња Градина – Козарска Дубица, Доња Градина 2019, стр. 288
Authors: РАИЛИЋ ОСТОЈА
Published: June 2020

Пети број часописа Јавне установе ''Спомен-подручје Доња Градина'' изашао је 2019. године. У четири од пет предвиђених рубрика ''Тополе'' обја-вљено је укупно 15 текстова, oд којих седам у ''Студијама о рату и геноциду'', четири у ''Прилозима'', а по два текста у ''Документима и сјећањима'' те у ''Ста-вовима''.
Interculturality in Teacher Education in Times of Unprecedented Global Challenges
Authors: Amsler Sarah , Kerr Jeannie , Andreotti Vanessa
Published: June 2020

As societies face unprecedented challenges that are global in scope and “more-than-wicked” in nature, educators and educational policy makers emphasize the importance of deepening knowledge about the causes of these problems, creating policies to address them more efficiently,
and offering more compelling moral arguments that might persuade people to change their convictions, and ‐ as a consequence ‐ their behaviour. These concerns shape how policies on the study of interculturality are approached in contemporary teacher education in our contexts in
Canada and the UK. Our research, however, positions these as problems that cannot be solved with improved information, enhanced cross-cultural skills, or moral claims, because they are rooted in modernity’s systems, which structure the possibilities for co-existence on the planet. We
see these problems as ontological challenges of being that emerge from a modernist ontology rooted in colonial violences. Our approach therefore explores an orientation to intercultural education which enables student teachers to expand their understanding of cultural and ecological
relationships beyond existing frameworks of modernist knowledge, politics, and economic systems. In this paper, we share some of our current learning about the affordances and limitations of dominant approaches to intercultural education, and then explore how the method of “social cartography”
can enable engagement with ontological problems in teacher education in a way that generates possibilities for imagining decolonial learning futures, beyond modernity.
Online intercultural dialogue amongst student teachers from seven countries: a study of IPC global discussions
Authors: Margrain Valerie , Fredholm Kent , Schultheis Klaudia
Published: June 2020

This article shares qualitative analysis of online discussion threads between student teachers in seven countries. The student teachers engaged together online to share intercultural perspectives and experiences on a range of topics of relevance to education systems, policy, teacher
education, and childhood. In 2017, participating countries were: Australia, Bulgaria, Germany, Japan, Spain, Sweden, and the USA. Through the process of discussing and documenting diverse cultural and educational practices ‐ for example the age children start school, the involvement
of parents in education, uniforms, daily routines, inclusion, and technology ‐ student teachers reflected on values, beliefs, traditions and aspirations. Findings relate to intercultural communication and intercultural praxis. Thematic analysis of 675 posts identified a range of open
and closed discourses, and three intercultural positions. The conclusion of the study is that online engagement provides a sustainable and accessible strategy to enrich interculturality in teacher education.
Hippocampal neural stem cells facilitate access from circulation via apical cytoplasmic processes
Authors: Licht Tamar , Sasson Esther , Bell Batia , Grunewald Myriam , Kumar Saran , Kreisel Tirzah , Ben-Zvi Ayal , Keshet Eli
Published: June 2020

Blood vessels (BVs) are considered an integral component of neural stem cells (NSCs) niches. NSCs in the dentate gyrus (DG(have enigmatic elaborated apical cellular processes that are associated with BVs. Whether this contact serves as a mechanism for delivering circulating molecules is not known. Here we uncovered a previously unrecognized communication route allowing exclusive direct access of blood-borne substances to hippocampal NSCs. BBB-impermeable fluorescent tracer injected transcardially to mice is selectively uptaken by DG NSCs within a minute, via the vessel-associated apical processes. These processes, measured >30 nm in diameter, establish direct membrane-to-membrane contact with endothelial cells in specialized areas of irregular endothelial basement membrane and enriched with vesicular activity. Doxorubicin, a brain-impermeable chemotherapeutic agent, is also readily and selectively uptaken by NSCs and reduces their proliferation, which might explain its problematic anti-neurogenic or cognitive side-effect. The newly-discovered NSC-BV communication route explains how circulatory neurogenic mediators are 'sensed' by NSCs.
Genome-wide sequence identification and expression analysis of ARF family in sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.) under salinity stresses
Authors: Cui Jie , Li Xinyan , Li Junliang , Wang Congyu , Cheng Dayou , Dai Cuihong
Published: June 2020

Auxin response factor (ARF) proteins respond to biological and abiotic stresses and play important roles in regulating plant growth and development. In this study, based on the genome-wide database of sugar beet, 16 BvARF proteins were identified. A detailed investigation into the BvARF family is performed, including analysis of the conserved domains, chromosomal locations, phylogeny, exon-intron structure, conserved motifs, subcellular localization, gene ontology (GO) annotations and expression profiles of BvARF under salt-tolerant condition. The majority of BvARF proteins contain B3 domain, AUX_RESP domain and AUX/IAA domain and a few lacked of AUX/IAA domain. Phylogenetic analysis suggests that the 16 BvARF proteins are clustered into six groups. Expression profile analysis shows that most of these BvARF genes in sugar beet under salinity stress were up-regulated or down-regulated to varying degrees and nine of the BvARF genes changed significantly. They were thought to have a significant response to salinity stress. The current study provides basic information for the BvARF genes and will pave the way for further studies on the roles of BvARF genes in regulating sugar beet’s growth, development and responses to salinity stress.
Contributions of Latin American researchers in the understanding of the novel coronavirus outbreak: a literature review
Authors: Fiesco-Sepúlveda Karen Y. , Serrano-Bermúdez Luis Miguel
Published: June 2020

This article aimed to give the visibility of Latin American researchers’ contributions to the comprehension of COVID-19; our method was a literature review. Currently, the world is facing a health and socioeconomic crisis caused by the novel coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, and its disease COVID-19. Therefore, in less than 4 months, researchers have published a significant number of articles related to this novel virus. For instance, a search focused on the Scopus database on 10 April 2020, showed 1,224 documents published by authors with 1,797 affiliations from 80 countries. A total of 25.4%, 24.0% and 12.6% of these national affiliations were from China, Europe and the USA, respectively, making these regions leaders in COVID-19 research. In the case of Latin America, on 10 April 2020, we searched different databases, such as Scopus, PubMed and Web of Science, finding that the contribution of this region was 2.7 ± 0.6% of the total publications found. In other words, we found 153 publications related to COVID-19 with at least one Latin American researcher. We summarized and processed the information from these 153 publications, finding active participation in topics like medical, social and environmental considerations, bioinformatics and epidemiology.
Effects of Heterosis for Yield and Yield Contributing Characters in Rice (Oryza sativa L.) under Sodic Soil
Authors: Shukla Durgesh Kumar , Singh S. N. , Gaur S. C. , Kumar Anil
Published: June 2020

Aim: The current experiment was conducted to know the genetic architecture of 12 physio-morphological traits under sodic soil through Line × Tester analysis.

Study Design: The experiment was laid out in randomized complete block design with three replications adopting a recommended spacing of 20 x 15 cm in the field. Recommended package of practices was followed to establish the crop.

Place and Duration of Study: Present investigation was conducted at Farmer Field of village Amwa Bhaluhi of Bhathat Block District: Gorakhpur, India.

Methodology: The hybrids along with parental lines and checks were evaluated through Line × Tester analysis. Lines were used as female while testers were used as male parents where the climate is semi-arid with hot summer and cold winter (sub-tropical) and the soil of experimental field was sodic [ECe = 2.21 (dSm-1 ); pH =9.2]. The water used for irrigating the experimental field was taken from the bore well with pH 9.00 and RSC is 10 meq/L.

Results: An outset on perusal of data for hybrids based on the cross combinations Jhona x Pusa 169 resulted from crossing between parents having high genetic distance showed high positive significant standard heterosis for seed yield. However, the crosses viz., Shriram 434 x PB 1, Halchal x IR 24, Magic x Pusa 169 and Super Moti x Pusa 169, gives sparingly high significant negative standard heterosis for seed yield although their parents having high genetic distance.

Conclusion: These cross combinations merit consideration for extensive testing across space and time in the target environment to verify their suitability for commercial exploitation. The reason for this could have been the linkage of alleles in repulsive phase for biomass and yield. As there was dominance gene action involved, inter se matings followed by recombination breeding might be advocated for the improvement of yield under sodicity. The cross combinations Jhona x Pusa 169 emerged as lines to be recommended for exploitation in hybridization programme to enhance the production and productivity of sodic soil.
Trends in Multiresidue Analysis
Authors: Hernández‐Mesa Maykel , Lara Francisco J. , Moreno‐González David , del Olmo‐Iruela Monsalud , García‐Campaña Ana M.
Published: June 2020

The global concern about food safety and environment quality has produced the development of a legal framework to control residues of organic compounds (e.g. pesticides and veterinary and human drugs). In this context, the establishment of analytical methods achieving satisfactory performances in terms of sensitivity, selectivity, resolution, identification, sample throughput, and applicability, is mandatory. Multiresidue methods mainly based on chromatographic techniques [i.e., gas chromatography (GC) and liquid chromatography (LC)] coupled to mass spectrometry (MS) are currently applied in routine laboratories. Furthermore, capillary electrophoresis (CE) has emerged as an alternative to LC and GC, owing to the development of on‐line preconcentration strategies for sensitivity enhancement. The recent integration of ion mobility spectrometry (IMS) in LC‐MS workflows also involves new possibilities for the separation of isomeric and isobaric residues, as well as for the separation of analytes of interest from background noise. New trends in multiresidue analysis point towards ambient ionization mass spectrometry (AIMS) strategies, which avoid chromatographic separations and substantially reduce analysis time. On the other hand, sample preparation has evolved through the development of miniaturized and environmentally friendly procedures according to the Green Chemistry principles. In addition, generic extraction procedures for multiclass analysis have been optimized, increasing sample throughput. This article aims to show an overview of the current trends in the analysis of pesticide and drugs in food and environmental samples, discussing the relevant advances in sample treatments and the technological evolution of the instrumental techniques. We hope to offer with this article a critical review of the analytical possibilities for routine analysis laboratories focused on monitoring of residues.
Derivatization and Modification of Chemical Warfare Agents and Their Related Compounds for LC‐MS‐Based Analytical Applications
Authors: Weissberg Avi , Madmon Moran , Dagan Shai
Published: June 2020

The development of novel analytical methods to detect and identify chemical warfare agents (CWAs), their degradation products, metabolites, and precursors is of high importance as terrorist groups and radical regimes use or plan to use chemical weapons against civilians or military targets. Gas chromatography (GC) and liquid chromatography (LC), usually hyphenated with mass spectrometry (MS), are the major techniques used to detect and identify chemicals of concern according to the chemical convention. In this mini‐review, we describe the present state of research on the derivatization and modification of CWAs and related compounds for LC‐MS and atmospheric pressure ionization (API)‐based analysis reported in the open literature during the last 15 years. The more polar, reactive, or highly volatile agents are derivatized to expedite chromatography and to impart properties valuable for sensitive detection and identification by MS. In this article, we focus on trace analysis of CWAs, mostly G‐type nerve agents, blister agents (sulfur mustard (HD)), and the most famous blood agent, cyanide. Analytical applications are mainly in environmental matrices but also in biomedical matrices that support the investigation of CWAs use and monitoring of possible exposure to CWAs.
Displacive Order–Disorder Behavior and Intrinsic Clustering of Lattice Distortions in Bi‐Substituted NaNbO3
Authors: Levin Igor , Yang Fan , Maier Russell , Laws William J. , Keeble Dean S. , Cibin Giannantonio , Sinclair Derek C.
Published: June 2020

Perovskite‐like NaNbO3‐Bi1/3NbO3 solid solutions are studied to understand the interactions between octahedral rotations, which dominate the structural behavior of NaNbO3 and displacive disorder of Bi present in Bi1/3NbO3. Models of instantaneous structures for representative compositions are obtained by refining atomic coordinates against X‐ray total scattering and extended X‐ray‐absorption fine structure data, with additional input obtained from transmission electron microscopy. A mixture of distinct cations and vacancies on the cuboctahedral A‐sites in Na1−3xBixNbO3 (x ≤ 0.2) results in 3D nanoscale modulations of structural distortions. This phenomenon is determined by the inevitable correlations in the chemical composition of adjacent unit cells according to the structure type—an intrinsic property of any nonmolecular crystals. Octahedral rotations become suppressed as x increases. Out‐of‐phase rotations vanish for x > 0.1, whereas in‐phase tilts persist up to x = 0.2, although for this composition their correlation length becomes limited to the nanoscale. The loss of out‐of‐phase tilting is accompanied by qualitative changes in the probability density distributions for Bi and Nb, with both species becoming disordered over loci offset from the centers of their respective oxygen cages. Symmetry arguments are used to attribute this effect to different strengths of the coupling between the cation displacements and out‐of‐phase versus in‐phase rotations. The displacive disorder of Bi and Nb combined with nanoscale clustering of lattice distortions are primarily responsible for the anomalous broadening of the temperature dependence of the dielectric constant.
Synergistic Roll‐to‐Roll Transfer and Doping of CVD‐Graphene Using Parylene for Ambient‐Stable and Ultra‐Lightweight Photovoltaics
Authors: Tavakoli Mohammad Mahdi , Azzellino Giovanni , Hempel Marek , Lu Ang‐Yu , Martin‐Martinez Francisco J. , Zhao Jiayuan , Yeo Jingjie , Palacios Tomas , Buehler Markus J. , Kong Jing
Published: June 2020

A roll‐to‐roll (R2R) transfer technique is employed to improve the electrical properties of transferred graphene on flexible substrates using parylene as an interfacial layer. A layer of parylene is deposited on graphene/copper (Cu) foils grown by chemical vapor deposition and are laminated onto ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA)/poly(ethylene terephthalate). Then, the samples are delaminated from the Cu using an electrochemical transfer process, resulting in flexible and conductive substrates with sheet resistances of below 300 Ω sq−1, which is significantly better (fourfold) than the sample transferred by R2R without parylene (1200 Ω sq−1). The characterization results indicate that parylene C and D dope graphene due to the presence of chlorine atoms in their structure, resulting in higher carrier density and thus lower sheet resistance. Density functional theory calculations reveal that the binding energy between parylene and graphene is stronger than that of EVA and graphene, which may lead to less tear in graphene during the R2R transfer. Finally, organic solar cells are fabricated on the ultrathin and flexible parylene/graphene substrates and an ultra‐lightweight device is achieved with a power conversion efficiency of 5.86%. Additionally, the device shows a high power per weight of 6.46 W g−1 with superior air stability.
Operando Differential Electrochemical Pressiometry for Probing Electrochemo‐Mechanics in All‐Solid‐State Batteries
Authors: Jun Seunggoo , Nam Young Jin , Kwak Hiram , Kim Kyu Tae , Oh Dae Yang , Jung Yoon Seok
Published: June 2020

Owing to an absence or lack of soft (and/or liquid) components, electrochemo‐mechanical effects are imperative for all‐solid‐state batteries (ASBs) based on inorganic solid electrolytes (SEs). As this aspect has been overlooked, relevant investigation has remained scarce. In this work, the development of a new operando differential electrochemical pressiometry (DEP) for ASBs is reported. The time‐ (or capacity‐) derivative differential pressure signals (dP/dt or dP/dQ) reflecting corresponding differential volume changes of electrode active materials feature the specific state of charges (SOCs). This finding leads to a precise estimation of the SOCs of graphite (Gr) electrodes in LiNi0.70Co0.15Mn0.15O2 (NCM)/Gr all‐solid‐state full cells using sulfide SEs with varying capacity ratios of negative to positive electrodes (n/p ratios); this is corroborated by complementary analysis using a three‐electrode electrochemical cell and ex situ X‐ray diffraction measurements. Furthermore, electrochemo‐mechanical behaviors of NCM/Gr full cells with Gr electrodes employing SEs excluding or including reductively unstable Li10GeP2S12 are investigated. Notable volume changes caused by lithiation of Li10GeP2S12 are detected. Importantly, significantly delayed SOC for Gr caused by a severe side reaction with Li10GeP2S12 is disclosed by the operando DEP result.
Structure‐Dependent Wear and Shear Mechanics of Nanostructured MoS2 Coatings
Authors: Serles Peter , Sun Hao , Colas Guillaume , Tam Jason , Nicholson Eric , Wang Guorui , Howe Jane , Saulot Aurélien , Singh Chandra Veer , Filleter Tobin
Published: June 2020

Sputter‐deposited molybdenum disulfide coatings are one of the most common lubricants for extreme environments. However, their performance predictability remains limited by the complexity of van der Waals wear and shear mechanics in bulk materials resulting in unexpected premature failure. In the present study, two nanostructured MoS2 coatings of similar macroscopic properties are shown to exhibit entirely different wear and shear mechanics due to their nanostructure. Friction force microscopy with steel‐beaded cantilevers is used to measure the per‐cycle evolution of friction, wear, and topography in situ over the lubricant lifetime under an inert nitrogen environment. Molecular dynamics simulations confirm the subsurface structural failure mechanisms of the coatings under shear stress, and atomic force microscope phase imaging and Raman spectroscopy are used to identify tribofilm formation mechanics. The nanocrystal–amorphous composite structure shows improved wear resistance but at the cost of limited stress relaxation which creates high‐stress failure and fracture‐dominated wear. The purely nanocrystalline coating exhibits lower shear resistance but consistent stress relaxation by van der Waals cleavage and triple junction fracture which results in higher wear rates with predictable abrasion‐dominated failure. The contrast in nanoscale performance of the coatings allows for the lubricant nanostructure to be tuned for ideal applications for extreme environments.
Elucidation of the Controversial Layer Growth Mechanism of Vapor Phase Polymerization in the Preparation of Conductive Poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene)‐SiO2 Hybrid Films
Authors: Nodora Kerguelen Mae A. , Yim Jin‐Heong
Published: June 2020

In recent times, there have been debates to ascertain whether the growth mechanism in vapor phase polymerization is a top‐down or a bottom‐up process. The objective of the present study is to identify the formation mechanisms of the organic–inorganic hybrid film prepared in the gaseous phase on the basis of the practical importance of the hybridization of materials. To this end, poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene)‐SiO2 conductive hybrid films with different layered structures are successfully fabricated. The growth mechanism of the layered organic–inorganic conductive hybrid thin film is elucidated by investigating the variations in the morphological and chemical compositions of its surface. Additionally, a cross‐sectional analysis is performed using a scanning electron microscope‐energy dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The results indicate a “bottom‐up” growth mechanism, wherein the oxidant diffused through the recently formed layer, generating novel layers; this ultimately leads to formation of the organic–inorganic conductive hybrid film. Moreover, the optoelectronic and mechanical properties of the hybrid conductive films are precisely controlled by adjusting the order of incorporation of monomers in the process and the duration of polymerization of each monomer. Thus, this study achieves the fabrication of a mechanically robust and optically enhanced conductive hybrid film.
Surface Treatment of Perovskite Layer with Guanidinium Iodide Leads to Enhanced Moisture Stability and Improved Efficiency of Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Chavan Rohit D. , Prochowicz Daniel , Tavakoli Mohammad Mahdi , Yadav Pankaj , Hong Chang Kook
Published: June 2020

Interfacial engineering between the perovskite and hole transport layers has emerged as an effective way to improve perovskite solar cell (PSC) performance. A variety of organic halide salts are developed to passivate the traps and enhance the charge carrier transport. Here, the use of guanidinium iodide (GuaI) for interfacial modification of mixed‐cation (Cs)x(FA)1−xPbI3 perovskite films, which results in the formation of a low‐dimensional δ‐FAPbI3‐like phase on the 3D perovskite surface, is reported. The presence of this thin layer facilitates charge transfer at interfaces and reduces charge carrier recombination pathways as evidenced by enhanced carrier lifetimes and favorable interfacial band alignment. As a result, the power conversion efficiency of the control device is boosted from 19.22% to 20.07%, mainly due to improved open‐circuit voltage (Voc) and fill factor. Furthermore, the post‐treatment with GuaI improves the moisture stability of perovskite polycrystalline films and ambient stability of PSCs.
DPAGT1‐Mediated Protein N‐Glycosylation Is Indispensable for Oocyte and Follicle Development in Mice
Authors: Li Hui , You Liji , Tian Yufeng , Guo Jing , Fang Xianbao , Zhou Chenmin , Shi Lanying , Su You‐Qiang
Published: June 2020

Post‐translational modification of proteins by N‐linked glycosylation is crucial for many life processes. However, the exact contribution of N‐glycosylation to mammalian female reproduction remains largely undefined. Here, DPAGT1, the enzyme that catalyzes the first step of protein N‐glycosylation, is identified to be indispensable for oocyte development in mice. Dpagt1 missense mutation (c. 497A>G; p. Asp166Gly) causes female subfertility without grossly affecting other functions. Mutant females ovulate fewer eggs owing to defective development of growing follicles. Mutant oocytes have a thin and fragile zona pellucida (ZP) due to the reduction in glycosylation of ZP proteins, and display poor developmental competence after fertilization in vitro. Moreover, completion of the first meiosis is accelerated in mutant oocytes, which is coincident with the elevation of aneuploidy. Mechanistically, transcriptomic analysis reveals the downregulation of a number of transcripts essential for oocyte meiotic progression and preimplantation development (e.g., Pttgt1, Esco2, Orc6, and Npm2) in mutant oocytes, which could account for the defects observed. Furthermore, conditional knockout of Dpagt1 in oocytes recapitulates the phenotypes observed in Dpagt1 mutant females, and causes complete infertility. Taken together, these data indicate that protein N‐glycosylation in oocytes is essential for female fertility in mammals by specific control of oocyte development.
Highly stable and Efficient Perovskite Solar Cells Based on FAMA‐Perovskite‐Cu:NiO Composites with 20.7% Efficiency and 80.5% Fill Factor
Authors: Wang Yousheng , Mahmoudi Tahmineh , Hahn Yoon‐Bong
Published: June 2020

To solve critical issues related to device stability and performance of perovskite solar cells (PSCs), FA0.026MA0.974PbI3−yCly‐Cu:NiO (formamidinium methylammonium (FAMA)‐perovskite‐Cu:NiO) and Al2O3/Cu:NiO composites are developed and utilized for fabrication of highly stable and efficient PSCs through fully‐ambient‐air processes. The FAMA‐perovskite‐Cu:NiO composite crystals prepared without using any antisolvents not only improve the perovskite film quality with large‐size crystals and less grain boundaries but also tailor optical and electronic properties and suppress charge recombination with reduction of trap density. A champion device based on the composites as light absorber and Al2O3/Cu:NiO interfacial layer between electron transport layer and active layer yields power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 20.67% with VOC of 1.047 V, JSC of 24.51 mA cm−2, and fill factor of 80.54%. More importantly, such composite‐based PSCs without encapsulation show significant enhancement in long‐term air‐stability, thermal‐ and photostability with retaining 97% of PCE over 240 d under ambient conditions (25–30 °C, 45–55% humidity).
Detection of interspecific hybrids between creeping bentgrass and colonial bentgrass using DNA marker analysis
Authors: Warnke Scott E.
Published: June 2020

Bentgrasses (Agrostis spp.) are cool‐season turfgrasses that have utility on golf courses or other turf applications requiring low mowing heights. Interspecific hybridization of Agrostis species is a strategy that has been proposed to enhance biotic and abiotic stress tolerance in this genus. Non‐transgenic, efficient, and cost‐effective methods for interspecific hybrid detection are needed. In this study two bentgrass species creeping bentgrass (A. stolonifera L.), and colonial bentgrass (A. capillaris L.) were allowed to intercross under field conditions. Progeny plant DNA was extracted and stored using Flinders Technology Associates (FTA) PlantSaver cards followed by primer specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and high‐resolution melt analysis. Species identifying PCR primers were optimized for real‐time PCR through fragment resequencing of species‐specific sequence characterized amplified region (SCAR) markers. A total of 2289 potential interspecific hybrid bentgrass progeny were screened with 99.4% of the DNA extractions successful. The percent interspecific hybridization, on an individual plant basis, ranged from 1 to 85% and a total of 524 interspecific‐hybrid bentgrasses were identified representing 23% of plants tested. Interspecific hybridization is common between these bentgrass species and the proposed detection method provides a non‐transgenic, efficient, and cost‐effective method for interspecific hybrid identification.
Preliminary results of robotic inguinal hernia repair following its introduction in a single‐center trial
Authors: Saito Takuya , Fukami Yasuyuki , Uchino Tairin , Kurahashi Shintaro , Matsumura Tatsuki , Osawa Takaaki , Arikawa Takashi , Komatsu Shunichiro , Kaneko Kenitiro , Sano Tsuyoshi
Published: June 2020

Aim

Robotic surgery using the da Vinci system has markedly increased worldwide. However, robotic inguinal hernia repair remains unpopular outside the United States. We introduced and evaluated a robotic transabdominal preperitoneal repair (R‐TAPP) technique for inguinal hernia in our hospital.

Methods

First, we designed a task protocol according to the surgical results of 388 laparoscopic TAPP (L‐TAPP) procedures performed during the 4 years prior to introducing R‐TAPP. Our task protocol included several time limitations during a step‐wise procedure: creating the peritoneal flap (<60 minutes), mesh placement with fixation (<30 minutes), and peritoneal suture closure (<30 minutes) under experienced supervision. We investigated the preliminary clinical results of R‐TAPP performed by a single operator between December 2018 and January 2020.

Results

We identified 27 lesions in 20 patients (unilateral in 13 and bilateral in seven). According to the Japan Hernia Society Classification, our cohort included eight type I, five type II, and seven bilateral hernias (nine type I, four type II, and one type IV). The median operation time was 124 minutes (range, 81‐164 minutes), and the median console operation time was 85 minutes (range, 50‐132). The median time required for the peritoneal incision was 30 minutes (range, 18‐54 minutes), that for mesh placement (including tucking) was 13 minutes (range, 7‐27 minutes), and that for peritoneal suturing was 9 minutes (range, 3‐20 minutes).

Conclusion

Our preliminary results suggest that our task protocol for R‐TAPP is feasible. However, refinement of our task protocol is essential for standardization.
Secret lifestyles of pyrophilous fungi in the genus Sphaerosporella
Authors: Hughes Karen W. , Case Alexis , Matheny P. Brandon , Kivlin Stephanie , Petersen Ronald H. , Miller Andrew N. , Iturriaga Teresa
Published: June 2020

Premise

Pyrophilous fungi form aboveground fruiting structures (ascocarps) following wildfires, but their ecology, natural history, and life cycles in the absence of wildfires are largely unknown. Sphaerosporella is considered to be pyrophilous. This study explores Sphaerosporella ascocarp appearance following a rare 2016 wildfire in the Great Smoky Mountains National Park (GSMNP), compares the timing of ascocarp formation with recovery of Sphaerosporella DNA sequences in soils, and explores the association of Sphaerosporella with post‐fire Table Mountain pine (Pinus pungens) seedlings.

Methods

Burned sites in the GSMNP were surveyed for pyrophilous fungal ascocarps over 2 years. Ascocarps, mycorrhizae, and endophyte cultures were evaluated morphologically and by Sanger sequencing of the nuclear ribosomal ITS gene region (fungal barcode; Schoch et al., 2012). DNA from soil cores was subjected to Illumina sequencing.

Results

The timing and location of post‐fire Sphaerosporella ascocarp formation was correlated with recovery of Sphaerosporella DNA sequences in soils. Genetic markers (fungal barcode) of Sphaerosporella were also recovered from mycorrhizal root tips and endophyte cultures from seedlings of Pinus pungens.

Conclusions

This study demonstrates that Sphaerosporella species, in the absence of fire, are biotrophic, forming both mycorrhizal and endophytic associations with developing Pinus pungens seedlings and may persist in nature in the absence of wildfire as a conifer symbiont. We speculate that Sphaerosporella may fruit only after the host plant is damaged or destroyed and that after wildfires, deep roots, needle endophytes, or heat‐resistant spores could serve as a source of soil mycelium.
Respiratory protection for health care workers: A 2020 COVID‐19 perspective
Authors: Petsonk Edward L. , Harber Philip
Published: June 2020

As the US health care system began to respond to the coronavirus disease‐2019 pandemic, demand for respiratory personal protective equipment (PPE) increased precipitously, as did the number of users. This commentary discusses ensuing deviations from accepted respiratory PPE program practices, which potentially increased risk to health care workers. Such lapses included omitting user training and fit testing, provision of unapproved devices, and application of devices in settings and ways for which they were not intended. The temporary compromise of professionally accepted standards due to exigencies must not become the new normal. Rather, the current attention to PPE should be leveraged to enhance practice, motivate vital research, and strengthen professional, governmental, and institutional capabilities to control health care worker exposures to infectious hazards.
Dibromoisocyanuric Acid: Applications in Brominations and Oxidation Processes for the Synthesis of High Value Compounds
Authors: Day David P. , Alsenani Nawaf I.
Published: June 2020

In recent years, synthetic chemists continue to search for new methodologies to access organic molecules of value. Bromine containing molecules persist to yield interesting discoveries when employed in new (and known) transformations. Whilst a plethora of bromine containing compounds exist in the literature at a chemist's disposal for organic synthesis, this minireview will pay close attention to one of the more understudied reagents in comparison, dibromoisocyanuric acid (DBI) (and its closely related mono‐ or tri‐ bromo derivatives). The scope of this minireview looks to explore the most recent implementations of DBI and its derivatives over the period of 2015–2020, looking closely at its uses in organic transformations, employed as a brominating reagent in dye syntheses amongst other applications.
MRI in Neuromuscular Diseases: An Emerging Diagnostic Tool and Biomarker for Prognosis and Efficacy
Authors: Dahlqvist Julia R. , Widholm Per , Leinhard Olof Dahlqvist , Vissing John
Published: June 2020

There is an unmet need to identify biomarkers sensitive to change in rare, slowly progressive neuromuscular diseases. Quantitative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of muscle may offer this opportunity, as it is noninvasive and can be carried out almost independent of patient cooperation and disease severity. Muscle fat content correlates with muscle function in neuromuscular diseases, and changes in fat content precede changes in function, which suggests that muscle MRI is a strong biomarker candidate to predict prognosis and treatment efficacy. In this paper, we review the evidence suggesting that muscle MRI may be an important biomarker for diagnosis and to monitor change in disease severity. ANN NEUROL 2020;88:669–681
Ørsted und Bunsen: Voltaische Batterien, Elektrische Lichtbögen, Elektromagnetismus und Elektrolyse
Authors: Wentrup Curt
Published: June 2020

Vor 200 Jahren legte Ørsted mit seiner berühmten Entdeckung der Drehung einer Magnetnadel im elektrischen Feld eines Platindrahtes das Fundament für Elektromagnetismus. Dazu verwendete er seine eigene Cu‐Zn‐Kasten‐Batterie, die damals eine der besten war, aber 21 Jahre später von Bunsens Kohle‐Zink‐Batterie übertroffen wurde, die bald höchst erfolgreich und anerkannt wurde. In diesem Jahr, 1841, machte Bunsen seinen ersten direkten Kontakt mit Skandinavien, als er Berzelius in Stockholm, Palmstedt in Göteborg sowie Ørsted, Scharling und Zeise in Kopenhagen besuchte. Ørsted, wie fast alle auf dem europäischen Kontinent, übernahm Bunsens Batterie und verwendete sie für seine Experimente mit einem großen Elektromagneten. Die Pfade von Ørsteds und Bunsens Forschungen kreuzten sich wieder viel später im Rahmen der Synthese vom elementarem Aluminium, die zuerst Ørsted 1825 gelang (obwohl es wahrscheinlich nicht als reines Metall erhalten wurde). Von Bunsen wurde sie 1854 durch Elektrolyse mithilfe seiner Kohle‐Zink‐Batterie verwirklicht.
Untargeted Metabolomics Screen of Mid‐pregnancy Maternal Serum and Autism in Offspring
Authors: Ritz Beate , Yan Qi , Uppal Karan , Liew Zeyan , Cui Xin , Ling Chenxiao , Inoue Kosuke , von Ehrenstein Ondine , Walker Douglas I. , Jones Dean P.
Published: June 2020

Discovering pathophysiologic networks in a blood‐based approach may help to generate valuable tools for early treatment or preventive measures in autism. To date targeted or untargeted metabolomics approaches to identify metabolic features and pathways affecting fetal neurodevelopment have rarely been applied to pregnancy samples, that is, an early period potentially relevant for the development of autism spectrum disorders (ASD). We conducted a population‐based study relying on autism diagnoses retrieved from California Department of Developmental Services record. After linking cases to and sampling controls from birth certificates, we retrieved stored maternal mid‐pregnancy serum samples collected as part of the California Prenatal Screening Program from the California Biobank for children born 2004 to 2010 in the central valley of California. We retrieved serum for 52 mothers whose children developed autism and 62 population controls originally selected from all eligible children matched by birth year and child's sex. Also, we required that these mothers were relatively low or unexposed to air pollution and select pesticides during early pregnancy. We identified differences in metabolite levels in several metabolic pathways, including glycosphingolipid biosynthesis and metabolism, N‐glycan and pyrimidine metabolism, bile acid pathways and, importantly, C21‐steroid hormone biosynthesis and metabolism. Disturbances in these pathways have been shown to be relevant for neurodevelopment in rare genetic syndromes or implicated in previous studies of autism. This study provides new insight into maternal mid‐pregnancy metabolic features possibly related to the development of autism and an incentive to explore whether these pathways and metabolites are useful for early diagnosis, treatment, or prevention.

Lay Summary

This study found that in mid‐pregnancy the blood of mothers who give birth to a child that develops autism has some characteristic features that are different from those of blood samples taken from control mothers. These features are related to biologic mechanisms that can affect fetal brain development. In the future, these insights may help identify biomarkers for early autism diagnosis and treatment or preventive measures. Autism Res 2020, 13: 1258–1269. © 2020 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Autonomous Discovery of Materials for Intercalation Electrodes
Authors: Bölle Felix T. , Mathiesen Nicolai R. , Nielsen Alexander J. , Vegge Tejs , Garcia‐Lastra Juan Maria , Castelli Ivano E.
Published: June 2020

Invited for this month's cover picture is the Section for Atomic Scale Materials Modelling led by Prof. Tejs Vegge at the Department of Energy Conversion and Storage, Technical University of Denmark. The cover picture illustrates an autonomous workflow, implemented in the framework of Density Functional Theory, designed to automatically calculate crucial properties for battery intercalation electrodes, including thermodynamic and mechanical stability, open circuit voltages (OCV), as well as kinetic barriers for the ionic transport. Applied here to identify cathode materials for Mg‐ion batteries, this workflow enables an accelerated discovery of intercalation battery electrodes. Read the full text of the Article at 10.1002/batt.201900152.
Human intestinal microbiota derived metabolism signature from a North American native botanical Oplopanax horridus with UPLC/Q‐TOF–MS analysis
Authors: Wang Chong‐Zhi , Wan Jin‐Yi , Wan Jingxuan , Wang Shilei , Luo Yun , Zeng Jinxiang , Yao Haiqiang , Zhang Chun‐Feng , Zhang Qi‐Hui , Sawadogo Wamtinga Richard , Xu Ming , Du Wei , Qi Lian‐Wen , Li Ping , Yuan Chun‐Su
Published: June 2020

Oplopanax horridus, widely distributed in North America, is an herbal medicine traditionally used by Pacific indigenous peoples for various medical conditions. After oral ingestion, constituents in O. horridus extract (OhE) could be converted to their metabolites by the enteric microbiome before absorption. In this study, in order to mimic gut environment, the OhE was biotransformed using the enteric microbiome of healthy human subjects. For accurate and reliable data collection with optimized approaches in sample preparation and analytical conditions, ultra‐performance liquid chromatography and quadrupole time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry were used to characterize parent constituents and their metabolites. In the extract, 20 parent compounds were identified including polyynes, sesquiterpenes, monoterpeondids, phenylpropanoids and phenolic acids. After the biotransformation, a total of 78 metabolites were identified, of which 37 belonged to polyynes metabolites. The common biotransformation pathways are hydroxylation, acetylization, methylation and demethylation. Based on the pathway distributions, the metabolism signature of OhE has been explored. The metabolism pathways of OhE compounds are dependent on their structural classifications and hydrophilic/hydrophobic properties. In summary, with comprehensive analysis, we systematically investigated human microbiome‐derived OhE metabolites. The enteric microbial metabolism signature provides novel information for future effective use of O. horridus.
Chemical Knockdown of MicroRNA with Small‐Molecule Chimeras
Authors: Feng Yi , Li Jinbo , Zhang Yan
Published: June 2020

This concept article introduces the emerging area of small‐molecule chimeras (SMCs) for knocking down microRNAs (miRNAs), which are endogenous gene silencers involved in diverse pathological processes. Compared with agents for genetic knockdown, small‐molecules hold significant promise in this field due to their ideal pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties. The SMCs introduced here are hetero‐bifunctional molecules comprising small‐molecule binders (SMBs) of miRNAs and chemical functionalities that either directly cleave RNAs or recruit ribonucleases to destroy RNAs. Binding of SMBs to miRNAs brings SMCs’ chemical functionalities close to the miRNA, eventually causing miRNA degradation. Compared with parent SMBs, SMCs exhibit remarkably enhanced potency and specificity in miRNA inhibition. The development and application of SMCs for miRNAs will be discussed.
Mechanisms of programmed cell death in the midgut and salivary glands fromBradysia hygida(Diptera: Sciaridae) during pupal–adult metamorphosis
Authors: de Cassia Santos Przepiura Thaylise , Navarro Aryelle M. , da Rosa Ribeiro Rafaela , Gomes José R. , Pitthan Karina V. , de Miranda Soares Maria A.
Published: June 2020

Programmed cell death is involved with the degeneration/remodeling of larval tissues and organs during holometabolous development. The midgut is a model to study the types of programmed cell death associated with metamorphosis because its structure while degenerating is a substrate for the formation of the adult organ. Another model is the salivary glands from dipteran because their elimination involves different cell death modes. This study aimed to investigate the models of programmed cell death operating during midgut replacement and salivary gland histolysis inBradysia hygida. We carried out experiments of real‐time observations, morphological analysis, glycogen detection, filamentous‐actin localization, and nuclear acridine orange staining. Our findings allow us to establish that an intact actin cytoskeleton is required for midgut replacement inB. hygidaand nuclear condensation and acridine orange staining precede the death of the larval cells. Salivary glands in histolysis present cytoplasmic blebbing, nuclear retraction, and acridine orange staining. This process can be partially reproduced in vitro. We propose that the larval midgut death involves autophagic and apoptotic features and apoptosis is a mechanism involved with salivary gland histolysis.