bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Modelo de la Corteza Continental en Tegucigalpa por medio del análisis de la Función Receptora
Authors: Vargas Luis
Published: October 2019

En este trabajo se presenta el estudio realizado de todos los eventos que han sido registrados por la estación sismológica TGUH ubicada en Tegucigalpa, Honduras desde septiembre de 2006 hasta julio de 2014. Dichos eventos fueron seleccionados bajo ciertos criterios y caracterı́sticas especificas que debı́an cumplir para poder determinar cual es el espesor de la corteza continental bajo la estación que registro los eventos, ası́ como la relación que existe entre las velocidades de propagación Vp /Vs , por medio del método de análisis de la Función Receptora que junto con el Método de Conjuntos (H - κ) se obtuvo un modelo estimado de los parámetros de Bulk, un espesor de 34.8 kilometros y una razón entre las velocidades de propagacción de 1.75, estos caracterizan a la corteza continental, haciendo un estimado de como las ondas convertidas por la discontinuidad de Mohorovičić que arriban e interactúan entre sı́ para poder recolectar la información pertinente del medio que se estudio, aplicando un modelo que se basa en dar valoración con factores de peso a cada onda que arribo con base en diferentes factores geológicos y estadı́sticos.
Discurso inaugural de la Semana de la Carrera de Física
Authors: Galo Roldán Alejandro
Published: October 2019

La Física, por su naturaleza de enfocar los fenómenos en sus causas más básicas, es entonces también capaz de dar un sustento a la explicación de todos los demás fenómenos de la otras Ciencias Naturales. Nadie niega que la química y la biología tienen su propio estamento y su propia legalidad, sin embargo las leyes primarias son las de la Física. La reacciones químicas entre átomos y moléculas tiene leyes establecidas en la química pero al final de cuentas son fenómenos que en su más profunda intimidad corresponden a intercambios de materia y energía entre partículas elementales, no son más que manifestaciones de los principios de conservación de masa, carga y energía y no son más que hermosas manifestaciones de la segunda ley de la termodinámica.
Cálculo del segundo y tercer coeficiente del virial con el potencial de Lennard-Jones, parte II
Authors: Reyes Marco Antonio , Galo Roldan Alejandro
Published: October 2019

Este articulo es la segunda parte del trabajo presentado por Reyes y Galo, calculamos el tercer coeficiente del virial usando el enfoque clásico ya que el Argón que es el gas seleccionado tiene una longitud de onda térmica menor que el diámetro de colisión ası́ el efecto cuántico es despreciable. El potencial utilizado para calcular el tercer coeficiente del virial es el potencial de Lennard-Jones, los resultados se compararon con los coeficientes experimentales reportados en la literatura cientı́fica, los resultados teóricos difieren de los resultados experimentales lo cual indica que nuestro modelo no es adecuado para describir la interacción de cúmulos con tres partı́culas. Se calcularon ecuaciones para el tercer coeficiente virial utilizando mı́nimos cuadrados, ya que mediante estas ecuaciones se pueden calcular propiedades termodinámicas de interés.
Generación de Documentos Cientı́ficos Integrando Gnuplot, R y LATEX
Authors: Salgado Ricardo A.
Published: October 2019

R, Gnuplot y L A TEX son herramientas y entornos de computación de uso libre, que han sido desarrollados para la manipulación de datos, análisis estadı́stico, generación de gráficos y elaboración de documentos de texto de alta calidad. Cada uno ofrece ventajas y una gran cantidad de opciones que resultan útiles al elaborar un documento cientı́fico, ya sea un reporte de laboratorio, un artı́culo o un sencillo análisis de datos. Al elaborar documentos cientı́ficos en muchas ocasiones nos vemos en la necesidad de trabajar por separado en varios entornos y luego unificar todo en un solo archivo, algo que al final se vuelve un procedimiento engorroso y no tan óptimo. El propósito principal de este trabajo es mostrar como se pueden integrar los entornos R, Gnuplot y LATEX através de Sweave y Gnuplottex, de manera que, exista un solo archivo fuente que contenga, tanto el texto como las lı́neas de comando de cada uno de ellos, permitiendo ası́, generar de forma óptima un documento dinámico y de calidad.
Una demostración del volumen y la medida superficial de la bola unidad
Authors: Recarte Marlon Josué
Published: October 2019

En física estadística a menudo se tiene la necesidad de expresar algunos resultados utilizando el volumen de una hiperesfera, que es una generalización de una esfera para dimensiones mayores a tres. Por otro lado, existen diversos modelos sobre la forma del universo, particularmente algunos consideran una forma curva y dicha forma puede ser modelada como una hiperesfera. En este trabajo nos concentramos en obtener el volumen y la medida superficial de una hiperesfera de radio unitario llamada muchas veces bola unidad.
Herramientas multimedia que mejoran el aprendizaje integral del electromagnetismo
Authors: Barralaga Francisco S. , Galo Roldán Alejandro
Published: October 2019

Las dificultades inherentes al estudio de tópicos de electromagnetismo, han motivado una creciente actividad en las instituciones educativas del mundo dirigida a desarrollar opciones que generen en los estudiantes, mejoras significativas en los niveles de aprendizaje de estos temas. Estas herramientas hacen uso, en forma cada vez más extensiva, de las facilidades multimedia que brindan las tecnologı́as de información y computación. Se ha desarrollado una gran variedad de herramientas didácticas en el campo de la fı́sica, muchas hacen uso de recursos computacionales costosos, pero existen algunas que han sido implementadas con recursos multimedia o de programación que están disponibles al público en forma gratuita en plataformas de recursos de código abierto . Este artı́culo es el resultado de una investigación bibliográfica reciente sobre las tendencias de la enseñanza de las ciencias fı́sicas en el mundo, particularmente en el campo del electromagnetismo. Se discuten algunas implementaciones importantes para ambientes Windows que fueron encontradas en el proceso de esta investigación, a fin de señalas su disponibilidad y motivar su uso para desarrollar e implementar opciones didáctica propias que ayuden a resolver las dificultades que presentan nuestros estudiantes de ciencias e ingenierı́a en la asimilación integral de los conceptos de la Teorı́a Electromagnética.
Uso de Tracker para Análisis y Modelado de Datos Experimentales en Laboratorios Tradicionales de Fı́sica
Authors: Domínguez Merly
Published: October 2019

El propósito de este artı́culo es dar a conocer los múltiples beneficios del uso de programas computacionales y simuladores durante las clases magistrales y actividades de laboratorio para el análisis y tratamientos de problemas como estrategia de enseñanza. Como ejemplo del beneficio de programas computacionales en los salones de clase se presentan los resultados de la comparación del valor de la aceleración gravitatoria partiendo de los datos analizados con Tracker; estos resultados se comparan con el valor de la aceleración gravitatoria obtenida durante el desarrollo de experimentos de enseñanza tradicional como el péndulo simple. Además se muestran algunas aplicaciones de Tracker para el análisis y mediciones de magnitudes fı́sicas estudiadas en clases y actividades experimentales.
Medición de la Vida Media del Muón
Authors: Valle Andrés , García Lilian , Pérez Héctor
Published: October 2019

Se obtuvo la vida media del muon utilizando como fuente muones generados por la interacción de la atmósfera con los rayos cósmicos. Usando un arreglo de tres placas centelladoras acopladas a diodos fotomultiplicadores, se registraron eventos en los que un muon pasa por las dos placas superiores, pierde toda su energía y decae en la placa inferior. Al medir la diferencia de tiempo entre la señal producida entre las placas superiores y la placa inferior para 916 eventos válidos se construyó una distribución estadística, a partir de la cual se obtuvo una vida media de(2.19± 0.09) μs. Dicho valor concuerda con el promedio mundial (2.1969811± 0.0000022) μs.
Solución de onda unidimensional por diferencias finitas
Authors: Barralaga Francisco , Galo Alejandro
Published: October 2019

La ecuación de onda unidimensional es un tema obligado en el estudio de los fenómenos ondulatorios y de las vibraciones mecánicas. Su solución analítica se aborda en el campo de las ecuaciones diferenciales con derivadas parciales, un tema no siempre incluido en el pensum de los estudiantes de ingenierías y ciencias. Aun menos posible es que los estudiantes de estas carreras tengan la oportunidad de estudiar la aplicación de métodos numéricos para obtener la solución de esta importante ecuación. En este contexto y con el objetivo de proveer opciones didácticas auxiliares para el estudio de esta importante temática, fue desarrollado un sistema en un entorno basado en Java que hace uso de la simulación en computadora para visualizar el proceso de convergencia de un algoritmo numérico definido en términos del método de diferencias finitas, para dar solución a la ecuación de onda unidimensional. La interfaz gráfica de usuario del sistema simulador, FDTDM-EcOnda, permite comparar gráficamente la solución obtenida por el algoritmo numérico con la solución analítica. Con el simulador es posible variar los parámetros del algoritmo numérico y verificar de inmediato los efectos de estos cambios en la solución numérica generada. El simulador incluye un módulo con opciones de ajuste de curvas y análisis estadístico con el que es posible estimar el grado de correlación entre ambas soluciones.
Mejoras en el diseño y uso de LED para medir la constante h de Planck
Authors: Vargas Luis , Suazo Maximino
Published: October 2019

El cálculo de la constante de Planck ha sido un experimento discutido por muchos catedráticos en el ámbito académico y experimental en donde la búsqueda de un resultado fiable ha sido el enfoque primordial. En este artículo se presentan diferentes enfoques y metodologías analizadas desde diversos puntos de vista para cada experimento, considerando el uso de LED y circuitos RC. Estos se discuten para encontrar un diseño y/o metodologías que permitan cálculos más precisos y confiables. El diseño elaborado presento un resultado para el valor de la constante de Planck de (6.7±0.8) ×10−34J · s, el cual es un valor exacto y con una buena aproximaci´on al valor te´orico.
Comprensión conceptual: Mecánica Cuántica en una dimensión. El Pozo Cuadrado Infinito
Authors: Turcios Uzzy Merary , Euceda Armando
Published: October 2019

La comprensión conceptual de la Mecánica Cuántica ha sido de mucho interés en los últimos años en la educación de la fı́sica, se han realizado numerosas investigaciones con el fin de identificar, documentar y diseñar estrategias de aprendizaje para la asimilación de los conceptos cuánticos. En Honduras se realizó una investigación sobre la comprensión conceptual de la Mecánica Cuántica no relativista en una dimensión espacial que tienen los estudiantes de pregrado de la Carrera de Fı́sica de la UNAH, se aplicó una prueba especializada de fı́sica a 15 estudiantes que habı́an finalizado el curso Mecánica Cuántica I, esta prueba fue diseñada y publicada por profesores de Universidades de Estados Unidos de América. En el presente artı́culo se comparan los resultados obtenidos por los estudiantes de la UNAH y estudiantes de Universidades de EE. UU, se eligieron los ı́tems que relacionan el pozo cuadrado infinito con los conceptos de: principio de superposición, estados estacionarios y no estacionarios, medidas y colapso de la función de onda, mediciones continuas de observables fı́sicos, dependencia temporal, discriminación de posibles funciones de onda de un sistema.
Amplitudes de Dispersión ππ → KK en el canal de decaimiento B± → π± K⁻ K⁺
Authors: Cruz Torres Melissa Maria
Published: October 2019

La comparación de dos amplitudes de dispersión ππ → KK es reportada para el canal de decaimiento B± → π± K− K+ usando datos simulados. La estructura resonante de este canal es extraía a partir del modelo dado por la colaboración LHCb. Se encuentra que la región ππ → KK, 0.9 < mK + K− < 1.5 GeV/c2 , es compatiblemente descrita por ambas parametrizaciones, siendo que la segunda amplitud ofrece una mejor descripción en el umbral K− K+ . Esto provee de una indicación sobre el potencial de esta segunda amplitud en la descripción de los datos reales, lo cual puede ayudar en el entendimiento del papel de la dispersión fuerte en el fenómeno de violación CP.
Estado Actual de la Generación de Energía Eléctrica a través de Biomasa en Honduras. Análisis de 2007 al 2017
Authors: Vásquez Lia , Álvarez Herson
Published: October 2019

A continuación se muestra el desarrollo del sector Biomasa respecto a generación de Energía Eléctrica en el país de Honduras. A través de una recopilación de datos obtenidos de la Empresa Nacional de Energía Eléctrica (ENEE) comprendida entre los años 2007 al 2017 respecto a producción de energía, capacidad instalada, contribución energética, distribución geográfica de las plantas y proyectos en funcionamiento, que definiran el estado actual del sector. Y finalmente analizaremos uno de los ingenios que se encuentra funcionando en la actualidad como cogenerador de energía eléctrica.
El conde de Oñate y la diplomacia entre Madrid y Viena a principios de la Guerra de los Treinta Años
Authors: Marek Pavel
Published: October 2019

El estallido de la Guerra de los Treinta Años fortaleció notablemente la unidad de las dos ramas de la casa de Habsburgo. La solidaridad dinástica se convirtió durante los años 1618-1620 en el eje central de la política internacional de la Monarquía hispánica, la cual desde el comienzo del conflicto prestó al emperador socorro económico y militar. Ayuda que sirvió también para que los españoles procuraran incrementar su influencia en el Sacro Imperio. El objetivo principal de esta contribución es presentar cómo se reaccionó en la corte imperial a esta pretensión y cuál fue el papel del embajador Íñigo Vélez de Guevara, conde de Oñate, en el proceso de la implementación de la política hispánica.
Desenvolvimento de um software educacional para apoio ao ensino de localização e roteirização
Authors: Almeida Junior José Aurir Gonçalves , Pontes Heráclito Lopes Jaguaribe , Albertin Marcos Ronaldo
Published: October 2019

Os processos educacionais passam por constantes alterações para se adaptarem às novas realidades digitais, oriundas da existência de um desenvolvimento tecnológico incessante, causador de profundas transformações sociais. Neste contexto, softwares apresentam-se como ferramentas importantes na educação há décadas. Considerando esta importância, a motivação deste trabalho parte da identificação de uma oportunidade de contribuir para o ensino de métodos de localização e roteirização em disciplinas de logística, através de um software desenvolvido com foco educacional. Para tanto, este trabalho inicia pela definição de tecnologias adequadas ao seu desenvolvimento, utilizando-as para a elaboração de algoritmos e de uma interface gráfica capazes de proporcionar ao usuário a aplicação de métodos de localização e roteirização, complementando o ensino teórico destes temas. O sistema desenvolvido é então verificado em comparação com outros sistemas, como o LogWare®, Google® Maps e Excel®, permitindo sua validação como software educacional, mostrando suas vantagens, limitações e oportunidades de melhoria.
A linear programming optimization model applied to the decision-making process of a Brazilian e-commerce company
Authors: Almeida Fabrício , Barbieri João Paulo , Montevechi José Arnaldo , Gomes José Henrique , Pinho Alexandre
Published: October 2019

The decision-making process is not always simple and requires a more careful analysis to maximize the company's revenue. This paper proposes a linear programming model applied to the decision-making of the section of quality monitoring and packaging of a Brazilian company of e-commerce, in which the simplex method was used to maximize the company's revenue from historical time data of the activities for each type of product. From the results, it was verified which products should be prioritized, providing a revenue of US$ 74,681.50. In addition, a simulation was applied to include two employees in the process, which would provide a 32.76% increase in the company's profitability and a new revenue of US$ 99,145.00.
Lean Six Sigma in the logistics of the loading process of a paper mill
Authors: Linares Marina Langoni , Christo Eliane Da Silva , Costa Kelly Alonso
Published: October 2019

Customers are each day more demanding with costs reduction, sustainability, quality improvement and shorter lead times. Since logistics operation is involved in every step of the chain, it becomes an important asset for companies to win market share. Seeking to attend the organizations and customers’ needs, Lean Six Sigma methodology could bring benefits to logistics services. Aiming to study those benefits, this article presents a case study about the interaction between the LSS and the loading process in a paper mill located in Brazil. The site had already adopted the DMAIC method in the manufacturing areas, but not in the service ones, which made it easier the implementation, guaranteeing the support and involvement of management. In the end of the study, it was possible to notice several benefits in implementing the LSS, as reduction of 32% of cycle time and 43% of performance improvement.
Uso da técnica DEA-Sharpe na análise do comportamento de carteiras de investimento
Authors: Longaray André Andrade , Sa Alisson Fabras , Machado Catia Maria Dos Santos , Munhoz Paulo Roberto , Tondolo Vilmar Gonçalves
Published: October 2019

O risco inerente ao mercado de ações permeia o processo de tomada de decisão no instante em que se deve decidir quais ativos farão parte do portfólio para formar uma carteira de investimentos eficiente. A busca por modelos de otimização que fornecem uma melhor forma de dirimir e minimizar os riscos atraem o olhar de investidores e pesquisadores. O objetivo deste artigo é analisar o comportamento de carteiras de investimento formadas por ativos selecionados por meio da ferramenta Análise Envoltória de Dados [DEA] e utilizando o Índice de Sharpe como indicador, para assim, compará-las com carteiras sem a utilização do mesmo. Ao decorrer da análise, foi possivel observar que a aplicação do DEA demostrou-se exequível e oportunizou que a descriminação das unidades de análise transcorresse de forma coesa e coerente.
Terrorist threat in Poland – the assessment of the phenomenon and the measures of counteracting attacks in 2010–2016
Authors: Gąsiorowski Jerzy
Published: October 2019

Modern terrorism is often associated with Middle East Islamic fundamentalists. This association is a result of violent terrorist attacks that have been carried out in the past few years, in various forms and according to diverse methods. As a consequence, terrorism started to be perceived as a serious problem by the public. It is also the case in Poland, where real terrorist threats occur. The paper presents a multi-faceted assessment, with respect to substantive law and statistics, of the level of terrorist threats in Poland in the years 2010–2016, regarding specific threats as well as the response of special services. The results show that the level of terrorist threat in Poland is not high, even though terrorism encompasses a whole range of crimes penalised in many legal statutes. The high efficiency of Polish special services and the Polish police in this field results from them using in an effective way legally allowed measures of counteracting terrorism.
Znaczenie modelu westminsterskiego w kształtowaniu się pozycji ustrojowej parlamentu w Papui-Nowej Gwinei
Authors: Eska-Mikołajewska Justyna
Published: October 2019

The article presents the issues of the political position of the parliament in one of the largest states of the South Pacific subregion – Papua New Guinea. Shaping its legal and political system, the state profoundly derived from the British practice. This process was initiated in the first decade of the 20th century as a result of Australian rule, which had lasted by that time the state gained its independence in 1975. As a consequence, all the basic features of Westminster democracy were adopted, with the unitary form of government and the unicameral parliament. The analysis allowed to indicate that the character of Papuan democracy has evolved over the years, and therefore some elements of the Westminster model have become inadequate and not very effective. These changes concerned mainly superior state structures, including the parliament. It is a body increasingly controlled by the executive nowadays, that lost its original representative character. In this article, the author has adopted the following research methods: an analysis of legal sources and a critical analysis as well as a descriptive method. The text was divided into three main parts, the introduction and the conclusion.
Dwuizbowy parlament i reformy instytucjonalne w Republice Włoskiej
Authors: Machelski Zbigniew
Published: October 2019

Parliaments are dual institutions by nature, as they connect society with the legal structure of the state power. An analysis of the structural properties of contemporary legislative bodies indicates the particular importance of the factor of internal organization, which makes it possible to distinguish a symmetrical bicameralism. The case of Italy is attractive for researchers of political systems for many reasons. One of them is a fact, that both chambers hold the identical legal and political positions, have the same five years’ terms of office and identical scopes of authority. The proportional voting system guaranteed (with two exceptions) that the legislative branch was a mirror image of society, allowing the meeting of various ideologies, including the most radical ones. Italy’s bicameral parliament manifested its ability to absorb a peaceful confrontation between the opposite poles of the political life in the conditions of a politically and culturally divided society.
Legalność religijnego uboju zwierząt w polskim porządku prawnym na tle norm prawa unijnego
Authors: Piech Karolina
Published: October 2019

The article raises the issue of the constitutionality of the ritual slaughter in the Polish legal system. The author compared together the issue of freedom of religion and the legal protection of animals in the Republic of Poland. The first of the issues is the rule of freedom of conscience and religion in national law and EU law. Next, the author presented some of the regulations introduced by the act on protection of animals of 1997 and the position of the Polish Constitutional Court, and compares them with the legal norms of the European Union. An article was ended by remarks called as de lege ferenda; the author pays attention on the problems of commercial ritual slaughter and inconsistency of Polish law with the EU law.
Instytucja parlamentu w państwach byłej Jugosławii
Authors: Podolak Małgorzata
Published: October 2019

Parliament is the body of legislative power and, along with the government and the head of state, it plays the most important role in the state. The article concerns the analysis of the parliamentary institutions in the countries of the former Yugoslavia, i.e. Bosnia and Herzegovina, the Republic of Croatia, the Republic of Montenegro, the Republic of Kosovo, the Republic of Serbia, the Republic of Slovenia and the Republic of Macedonia. The method used in the study was a system analysis and a comparative method, thanks to which we can see the similarities and differences in the functioning of the parliaments. In the analyzed countries, parliaments are subjects that influence political processes and the creation of law. The creators of the constitution had to take into account the traditions of parliamentarism as well as the complicated nationality situation in the countries.
Pozycja ustrojowa parlamentu finlandzkiego Eduskunty
Authors: Serzhanova Viktoria
Published: October 2019

The hereby paper takes up the analysis of the constitutional position of the Finnish parliament Eduskunta from the moment of its establishment and as a result of its development during the centuries, with a special attention paid to the present normative state and on the basis of the hitherto constitutional practice. It aims at deriving the origin and presenting the evolution of this authority at the Finnish lands, which in consequence leads to reliable conclusions in the scope of determining its current constitutional position in the system of the supreme state authorities of Finland. The subject of the paper focuses on the analysis of the beginnings of Eduskunta’s formation and Finnish parliamentarianism, its further evolution, current composition, internal structure, functions and competences presented on the basis of the exegesis of the provisions of the binding basic law of 1999 and the parliament’s rules of procedure. The constitutional principles referring to the parliament and the analysis of Eduskunta’s relations with the other supreme state authorities, which determine the state’s form of government, seem to be of particular significance in this context, as they contribute to a more precise definition of Eduskunta’s constitutional position, as well as to pointing out its originality and dissimilarity regarding other contemporary democratic states.
Stosunek Rosjan do Dumy Państwowej na podstawie wszechrosyjskich sondaży Centrum Lewady i WCIOM przeprowadzonych w latach 2001–2017
Authors: Goworko-Składanek Beata
Published: October 2019

The Russian State Duma after 12 years of office in Russian Empire at the beginning of the twentieth century, permanently settled in the Russian Federation after 1993. Surveys show that many Russians consider the Duma to be a non-autonomous institution, totally dependent on the executive and fulfills all of its wishes. It does not enjoy as much support or trust from the Russians as the President, the government or even the Federation Council. It also plays a much smaller role in relation to the organs referred to. The constitutional position of the Duma affects its political role and in the eyes of the Russians limited influence on the activities of the state. This role is definitely smaller than the role of the media or even the oligarchs.
Przyszłość Unii Europejskiej po Brexicie. Rosyjski punkt widzenia
Authors: Prudskaya Valentina
Published: October 2019

In recent years, it is difficult not to notice the growing number of serious crises experienced by the European Union. It is clear that the old methods of overcoming crises in today’s reality do not work anymore. The United Kingdom European Union membership referendum in June 2016 (the so-called Brexit) can undoubtedly be called a special turning point in the existence and functioning of the EU. The aim of the article is to present, analyse and compare opinions and assessments created in the expert and academic environment in Russia on the future of the European Union after the referendum in Great Britain. Another goal is to find an answer to the question of what future of relations between the EU and Russia is expected by Russian researchers and experts. In the article the following research methods were used: desk research, critical analysis, comparative method and analysis of media discourse.
Child abduction proceedings
Authors: Kucbelová Lucia , Kazanský Rastislav
Published: October 2019

This article deals with the legal processing of a serious problem regarding societal security, human rights and the rights of minors, i.e. child abduction. The procedure of the returning of an abducted child is one of the most challenging types of court proceedings. Courts decide within the statutory time limit of six weeks after filing the petition. There is a foreign element in the proceedings, embodied either by the parties to the proceedings or by the necessity of clarifying the child’s habitual residence. Translators or interpreters are recruited to guarantee the parties’ right to act in their mother tongues. The court, as a rule, executes and orders expert evidence within a short period of time, for example to determine the circumstances that rule out the return of the minor to his/her country. As a rule, hearings take place all day or several days in a row. Courts apply international treaties and EU law when making decisions. The difficulty of bringing proceedings is additionally increased by frequent requests from the court hearing the authorities of the Member State of the habitual residence of the minor. The return of the child is usually accompanied by tensions between the parties, emotions and stress.
Juvenile delinquency rates in Ukraine in 2016–2017
Authors: Minchenko Serhii I. , Shcherbakova Hanna V.
Published: October 2019

The article presents current tendencies related to juvenile delinquency in Ukraine based on data from the 2016–2017 period. Quantitative juvenile delinquency indices differ substantially from quantitative adult crime indices. This is primarily caused by the fact that the former apply to a four-year period (14–18 years of age), while the latter apply to the period after reaching the age of majority. Differences between juvenile and adult crime also manifest in the form of e.g. the nature and degree of social harm inflicted by the crimes, which is determined by the age of the perpetrators. Their age is not only related to the socio-psychological profiles of offenders, but also their position in society (which is why juvenile delinquency does not encompass e.g. economic crimes, professional offences etc.). The article presents the fundamental determinants of juvenile delinquency, based on the premise that a thorough analysis of crimes committed by persons under 18 years of age is necessary to effectively combat the phenomenon in Ukraine. The article also identifies the major methods currently used to prevent and counteract this type of crimes.
Changing the enemy into the ally in the light of the security logic of Academia Diplomatica Europaea
Authors: Ochmann Jerzy
Published: October 2019

The author hypothesizes that in the era of information technology, logic is the crucial tool of security sciences, and logicians have a greater role to play in this field than politicians. This viewpoint is held by two significant institutions dealing with the logic of security: Academia Diplomatica Europaea (ADE) in Brussels and US Army War College in Carlisle, Pennsylvania. The author focuses on the assumptions and activities of Academia Diplomatica Europaea. ADE assumes that the major challenge to contemporary security is to change the enemy’s mentality into the mentality of an ally. To do this, one should analyse the following logical categories: the category of relations (between individuals and societies) and the category of hostility. ADE mainly focuses on social relations, with their sociological and psychological aspects, assuming that enemies have not only official, explicit opinions but also implicit ones, and learning these implicit opinions is a key to change the enemy’s mentality according to the aforementioned pattern. The author then discusses the methods relating to the logic of security used by ADE. Finally, in the light of the assumptions stated by ADE, he analyses the institution’s activities aimed at contemporary threats, the major threat being, according to ADE, terrorism.
Protection of the mental health of soldiers as a guarantee of their personal safety
Authors: Wądołowska Dominika
Published: October 2019

While on duty, soldiers are exposed to severe stress, and mental condition has a direct impact on the efficacy of their performance. The paper shows how the specificity of soldiers’ work affects their mental health. The importance of the role of psychologists in the army is emphasized, and the consequences of negligence in soldiers’ mental care are indicated. The way in which the mental health of soldiers is protected in Poland, by the state itself and by the institutions established for this purpose, is also characterised. Special attention is paid to mental health care for the soldiers that take part in foreign military missions, who are exposed to psychological trauma as a result of isolation from the family and friends, and as a result of being placed in a new cultural and religious environment. On the basis of the above, the necessity of implementing new system solutions to ensure the effective psychological protection of soldiers is indicated.
State border protection from the perspective of the tasks and functions of the border guard and border checkpoints
Authors: Wiśniewski Bernard
Published: October 2019

The aim of the article is to present the major issues related to the protection of the Polish border from the perspective of the tasks and functions of the Border Guard and border checkpoints. The present analysis is a result of research conducted with use of theoretical research methods used in the social sciences. The aforementioned research was carried out with the purpose of diagnosing the functioning of the state border protection and traffic control system. The result of the research leads to the conclusion that the Polish border protection and traffic control system is being gradually improved, which is a result of changes in the security environment, primarily related to the emergence of new threats and increasing levels of existing threats. This leads to the expansion of the range of functions performed not by the Border Guard in general, but specifically by border checkpoints, which are closely related to field government and local authority administration bodies. These bodies have a definitive influence on local security, and thus on the security of areas controlled by the Border Guard.
Cloud Computing Contracts as Contracts for the Supply of Digital Content: Classification and Information Duty
Authors: Żok Krzysztof
Published: October 2019

Cloud computing contracts are among the most frequently concluded contracts over the Internet. Until now, however, they have been considered mainly from the perspective of data protection and intellectual property laws. Although these analyses provide valuable insights, they do not fully cover an important area, i.e. consumer protection. The article focuses on the latter issue, taking Consumer Rights Directive as a reference point. The Directive is one of the latest acts concerning consumer protection in the European Union. It also introduces a new type of agreement that should cover cloud computing contracts. In addition, characteristically for European law, it provides for an information duty as a means of consumer protection. The article examines these two aspects by seeking an answer to the following questions: (1) do cloud computing contracts classify as contracts for the supply of digital content? And (2) do the provisions on information duty suit well cloud computing contracts? The analysis includes the results of empirical studies of these contracts. In the conclusion, the article states that the new type of contract may not significantly improve consumer protection, mainly due to the ambiguity resulting from recital 19 of the Directive. On the other hand, consumers may benefit from the provisions on information duty, though it does not directly address the main problems connected with cloud computing contracts.The article is divided into four parts. The first provides an introduction to the topic. The second discusses cloud computing contracts as contracts for the supply of digital content. The third analyses the provisions on information duty from the point of view of the contracts under consideration. Finally, the fourth summarises previous comments.
Shareholder Ledger Using Distributed Ledger Technology: The Estonian Perspective
Authors: Veerpalu Anne
Published: October 2019

The article focuses on whether it is possible to use new technologies such as distributed ledger technology (DLT) in shareholder ledger maintenance systems. The article uses Estonia as an example to describe the shortcomings of shareholder ledger maintenance regulation and possible suggestions for reform and applies the principle of technology-neutrality to the subject matter to assess whether the regulation allows the adoption of new technologies, such as DLT, in ledger maintenance. The aim of the principle of technology-neutrality is to secure that the regulator does not create regulation that prefers any particular technology and discriminates against other technologies. Any regulation that is built around a pre-existing technology could suffer from preferring the use of that particular technology and consequently hinder innovation. In the article it is examined whether the ledger maintenance models used in Estonia are benefitting or suffering from the non-existence of technology-neutral technical standards for ledger maintenance and whether the differentiation of treatment of shareholder  ledger administrators is justified on the basis of the principle of technology-neutrality.
Kvantitatívny pohľad na vplyv asymetrickej informácie na teóriu dôvery a teóriu reciprocity
Authors: Kubák Matúš , Gazda Vladimír , Lejková Zuzana , Nemec Jozef
Published: October 2019

Důvěra a reciprocita vstupují do většiny osobních, sociálních a ekonomických interakcí. Zatímco kooperativní chování se může realizovat k užitku partnerů interakce, sobeckost a nereciproční jednání mohou škodit. V článku prezentujeme investiční hru s plnou (symetrickou) informací a parciální (asymetrickou) informací. V experimentu též zavádíme očekávání subjektů ohledně chování  protistrany interakce. To nám umožňuje pozorovat vedlejší motivy chování účastníků experimentu. Experiment opakujeme v pěti kolech a pozorujeme vliv symetrické a asymetrické informace na vývoj důvěry a reciprocity. Pozorujeme odklon ekonomických agentů od neohraničeně racionálního a sobeckého chování. Subjekty se odchylují od nashovských ekvilibrií. Dokumentujeme důkaz toho, že důvěra indikuje reciprocitu. Účastníci experimentu jsou averzní vůči nespravedlnosti, ale pozorujeme nepatrně oportunistické chování v experimentu s asymetrickou informací, kde subjekty využívají informační disparitu. Efekt reputace nebyl potvrzený a teda důvěra a reciprocita se v průběhu interakce podstatně nevyvíjejí. Step out efekt nebyl taktéž potvrzený, a teda subjekty nemají tendenci ke zběhnutí z kooperace. Subjekty si v prezentovaném experimentu zasílají sumy podobné sumám, jaké si zasílali subjekty v referenčních experimentech. Avšak Sendeři na Slovensku zasílají sumy, které jsou menší než sumy zasílané v jiných zemích. Sendeři nejsou averzní vůči nespravedlnosti a teda nevěří, že jim Receiveři zašlou férové rozdělení zisku z investice. Receiveři v symetrické verzi experimentu jsou více averzní vůči nespravedlnosti než Receiveři v asymetrické verzi experimentu. Důvěra subjektů narůstá s jejich očekáváními. Pozorujeme též nepatrný vliv jednání v předešlých kolech experimentu na jednání v aktuálním kole. Tento vliv však není statisticky významný.
Bergerova konstruktivistická sociologie vědění jako kritika vědomí
Authors: Hlaváček Karel
Published: October 2019

The article deals with the tension between „value-freeness“ or „objectivity“ and the critical intention in the sociology of Peter L. Berger. I put forward the thesis that Berger’s approach to this problem is inconsistent: Berger often claims his sociology to be value-free, but close investigation discovers implied value-laden contents, consisting in an appeal to human freedom in existentialist sense of the word and critique of what is inconsistent with this appeal. In the article, I analyse this inconsistency and identify the points through which these values leak into Berger’s sociology. I suggest that the value contents are essential to Berger’s sociology, which is why his work should be read as an outline of a critique of consciousness.
Analýza české institucionální kultury. Proměny hranic mezi soukromou a veřejnou sférou v podmínkách každodennosti a svátečnosti od poloviny 19. století do současnosti
Authors: Müller Karel B.
Published: October 2019

The aim of this article is to propose an interpretation and a critical assessment ofinstitutional culture and its transformation in the Czech historical context. The framework of the analysiscovers four succeeding nation-forming periods, from the mid-19th century up until the present day. Itdraws upon a sociological interpretation of the visual fact depicting a memorial of statehood, whichwas erected in 1919 in the village of Dolní Černošice. The analysis is further based on seven semistructuredinterviews with local councillors (from Černošice), on the quantitative questioner, and onparticipant observation. Silhouetted against the interpretation of the statehood memorial, the articleattempts to answer questions regarding the main determinants of the transformation of institutionalculture by drawing upon the dynamics of the relationships between the public and private spheres, theirconfigurations and implications. The article contends that historically rooted asymmetries between thepublic and private spheres, which were embedded in the emancipation process of modern Czech society,have been greatly strengthened by the Communist period. In the post-communist period, institutionalculture in the Czech Republic has been characterised by a high degree of institutional distrust and publicstigmatisation of politics, as well as by a weakly developed virtue of (cognitive and political) oppositionwhich is imbued with a discernible disrespect for discursive civic culture. A system of civic education isurgently needed if Czechs want to overcome the ominous deficits of their institutional culture.
„A přišel ti naproti?“: dohled rodičů jako neviditelná bariéra prostorového chování jejich dcer ve vzdálených univerzitních městech
Authors: Osman Robert , Jíchová Jana
Published: October 2019

Research on perceptions of security has long focused on exploring fear for oneself, but fear for other person, so-called altruistic fear, which can contribute significantly to the overall perception of security, is equally important. Fear for others is also related to the need for surveillance and control over those for whom we worry. This article focuses on the importance of transferred, spatially absent parental control for the perception of fear for daughters who moved from a small municipality to a large, distant university city. Through semi-structured interviews with female first and second year college students, we examine how their feelings of safety and danger in the new environment transformed during their transition to university, how parents approached their leaving home and how they communicated with their daughters, and how the parents continued to supervise them despite the spatial divide. Our analysis shows the different forms that the relationship between parental control and their daughter’s fear can take, and how fear for oneself can be interwoven with fear for others.
Vizuální nevědomí: vizuální organizace nevizuálního města
Authors: Osman Robert , Doboš Pavel
Published: October 2019

This article focuses on the organization of space. The practices through which we grasp and conceive space are the paper’s concern. Practices emanating from the visual organization of space are usually so commonplace for seeing people so that these practices are only poorly reflected in seeing people’s understandings of space. This is why we turn to the experience of visually impaired people. Our understanding of this experience is based on interviews with 16 communication partners from Prague and Brno in 2014 and 2015. We use the poststructuralist approach of philosopher Gilles Deleuze, psychoanalyst Félix Guattari and geographer Marcus Doel to interpret the interviews and we show that visual impairment is not about non-seeing, but about becoming seeing differently – via the non-visual percept. Yet, such practices of seeing space differently are still shaped by the modern collective optical unconscious. Doel asserts that this unconscious has been structured by the medium of film, among others, and the film technique of montage. This has made the optical unconscious obscene. Montage unbound time and space from their firm coordinates and enabled seeing beyond screened frames. This strengthened the incorporeality of spatial experience. Visually impaired people’s practices of seeing and dealing with the optical unconscious accentuate the corporeality of sight again, however. Their practices fuse the seeing via non-visual percept and the optical unconscious into new configurations, demonstrating that no way of seeing can be incorporeal.
Recenze knihy: Bartoš, A., Raisová, M. (2015). Testy a dotazníky pro vyšetřování kognitivních funkcí, nálady a soběstačnosti. Praha: Mladá fronta.
Authors: Urbánek Tomáš , Gottfried Jaroslav
Published: October 2019

Text je recenzí knihy Testy a dotazníky pro vyšetřování kognitivních funkcí, nálady a soběstačnosti od Aleše Bartoše a Miloslavy Raisové, vydané Mladou frontou. Podobné publikace jsou potřebné a potenciálně užitečné jak pro praktiky, tak výzkumníky. Recenzovaná kniha je ale v mnoha ohledech problematická, především z psychometrického hlediska, které považujeme pro podobný typ publikací za klíčové, a sami autoři tvrdí, že je v knize akcentují. Podle našeho názoru úroveň psychometrických poznatků v této knize odpovídá začátku 90. let minulého století, což v současnosti nelze akceptovat.
Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory 2 – Recenze metody
Authors: Čurdová Jitka , Pourová Martina
Published: October 2019

MMPI-2 je metoda, která má přinést komplexní pohled na osobnost člověka. Je primárně určená pro využívání v diagnostice a klinické praxi. V současnosti se však hojně využívá i v jiných oblastech, například v psychologii organizace, při výběrových řízeních atd. V České republice je metoda oblíbeným a hojně využívaným nástrojem i přes mnoho chybějících relevantních informací a otazníků, které se objevují při bližším zkoumáním metody. Nutno však podotknout, že minimálně v zahraničí dochází k tvorbě restandardizačních studí a dalšímu následnému vylepšování metody. Jako příklad by se dalo uvést, že v reakci na častou připomínku ohledně vysoké heterogenity škál a překrývání konceptů, které škály měří, došlo k restrukturaci klinických škálSoučasný stav inventáře by bylo vhodné podrobit bližšímu výzkumnému šetření se zaměřením se na popis reliability škál a validity celé metody. Z výše uvedených důvodů by se měla zvážit revize inventáře.
Test pro identifikaci nadaných žáků v matematice – recenze metody
Authors: Urbánek Tomáš
Published: October 2019

Test TIM3-5 je užitečnou diagnostickou metodou pro identifikaci matematicky nadaných dětí ze 3.–5. tříd základních škol, která splňuje obvyklé standardy kladené na podobné psychodiagnostické metody ve světě a poměrně značně překračuje obvyklou úroveň dokumentace psychodiagnostických metod v České republice. V rukou vzdělaného uživatele (absolvent vysokoškolského studia psychologie nebo pedagogiky) může tato metoda dobře sloužit svému účelu.
Nota a Ireneo, Adversus Haereses 1, 1, 1
Authors: de Navascués Patricio ,   Instituto Patristico Augustinianum
Published: October 2019

At the beginning of Irenaeus of Lyons’ Adversus Haereses, the doctrine of the Valentinian Ptolemy is presented using terms from the semantic field of time and eternity, which were undergoing a semantic evolution in contemporary Middle Platonic philosophy. These allow us to identify three phases, from a chronological point of view, at the beginning of the Valentinian myth: strict, supra-durational, eternity – eternity of indefinite duration – moment ante tempus.
Per una rilettura dei Tempora Christiana in Agostino d’Ippona
Authors: Grossi Vittorino ,   Instituto Patristico Augustinianum
Published: October 2019

The phrase tempora christiana in Augustine has been studied from various points of view. This article illuminates the way in which it refers to the care of divine providence for individuals and society in the period when true worship is rendered to God through the Christian religion. Furthermore, we find Augustine proposing, using the idea of kairós, i.e. a new opportunity to be embraced, to create a new cycle of the human story, to which everyone will contribute.