bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
$W^{1,N}$ versus $C^1$ local minimizer for a singular functional with Neumann boundary condition
Authors: Saoudi Kamel
Published: September 2017

Let $\Omega\subset\R^N,$ be a bounded domain with smooth boundary. Let $g:\R^+\to\R^+$ be a continuous on $(0,+\infty)$ non-increasing and satisfying $$c_1=\liminf_{t\to 0^+}g(t)t^{\delta}\leq\underset{t\to 0^+}{\limsup} g(t)t^{\delta}=c_2,$$ for some $c_1,c_2>0$ and $0<\delta<1.$ Let $f(x,s) = h(x,s)e^{bs^{\frac{N}{N-1}}},$ $b>0$ is a constant.Consider the singular functional $I: W^{1,N}(\Omega)\to \R$ defined as \begin{eqnarray*}&&I(u)\eqdef\frac{1}{N}\|u\|^N_{W^{1,N}(\Omega)}-\int_{\Omega}G(u^+)\,{\rm d} x-\int_{\Omega}F(x,u^+) \,{\rm d} x\nonumber\\&& -\frac{1}{q+1}||u||^{q+1}_{L^{q+1}(\partial\Omega)}\nonumber\end{eqnarray*} where $F(x,u)=\int_0^sf(x,s)\,{\rm d}s$, $G(u)=\int_0^s g(s)\,{\rm d}s$. We show that if $u_0\in C^1(\overline{\Omega})$ satisfying $u_0\geq \eta \mbox{dist}(x,\partial\Omega)$, for some $0<\eta$, is a local minimum of $I$ in the $C^1(\overline{\Omega})\cap C_0(\overline{\Omega})$ topology, then it is also a local minimum in $W^{1,N}(\Omega)$ topology. This result is useful %for proving multiple solutions to the associated Euler-lagrange equation ${\rm (P)}$ defined below.to prove the multiplicity of positive solutions to critical growth problems with co-normalboundary conditions.
Encerrado a oscuras: significado de vivir con esquizofrenia para diagnosticados y sus cuidadores, Medellín-Colombia
Authors: Zaraza-Morales Daniel Ricardo , Hernández-Holguín Dora María
Published: September 2017

Vivir con esquizofrenia representa un enigma para todas aquellas personas que no presentan la enfermedad o conviven con alguien que la padece. Objetivo: comprender el significado de vivir con esquizofrenia para personas que presentan la enfermedad y sus familiares, quienes acudieron a una institución estatal para la atención de problemas de salud mental de alta complejidad en Colombia durante el 2014 y 2015. Materiales y método: se utilizó un enfoque cualitativo y la información fue analizada por medio del método de la teoría fundamentada. Las técnicas de recolección de información fueron ocho entrevistas a profundidad y dos grupos focales, con una participación de 21 personas diagnosticadas y sus cuidadores. Resultados: por medio de la codificación, el muestreo teórico, la comparación constante y los memos analíticos, se llegó a la categoría “Vivir con esquizofrenia es vivir encerrado, a oscuras y con los sueños truncados”. Conclusiones: para los pacientes, la familia y para los cuidadores, vivir con esquizofrenia conlleva una sensación de encerramiento que afecta el proyecto de vida de unos y otros.
Selected Aspects of Medical Care for Patients with Asthma and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) in Poland
Authors: Miłkowska-Dymanowska Joanna , Białas Adam , Górski Paweł
Published: September 2017

Introduction: Noncompliance with healthcare undoubtedly has a strong influence on the high prevalence of uncontrolled obstructive diseases. The aim of our study was to evaluate the quality of medical conduct in patients with asthma or chronic obstructive lung diseases (COPD), with encompassed two-levelled system of health care. Material and methods: A survey of general practitioners (GP), allergists and pulmonologists practicing in Poland was performed between September and December 2016. The basic survey included the data concerning the number of treated patients, the course of the visits, treatment regimens and whether the patients follow the instructions of the physician. The specialist survey recorded the details of the specialist visits, their frequency and character, an evaluation of the pharmacological and non-pharmacological therapies and an evaluation of the GP’s actions. Results: The basic questionnaire was completed by 807 doctors with an average of 21 ± 9.85 years of medical experience. Most of the interviewed individuals were GPs (56%), followed by pulmonologists (28%) and allergists (16%). The GP reported 47 cases/month with obstructive pulmonary conditions, including 48.94% asthma and 51.06% COPD patients. They diagnosed three new asthma and COPD patients per month. The allergists treated patients with asthma (105 patients/ month), with 19 newly-diagnosed patients/month. The pulmonologists treated fewer asthma cases than COPD: 71 and 98 patients respectively. They reported 14 patients/month of newly-diagnosed COPD cases. The patients took inhaled glucocorticoids and long-acting β adrenoceptor agonists in separate inhalers. The most frequently-used device was a disc. In opinion of the specialists, half of the therapies initiated recently by GPs for patients with asthma and COPD required modifications. Conclusions: There is a disparity between the true state of medical care of asthma and COPD patients and globally-accepted standards.
Pulmonary Hypertension in Diffuse Parenchymal Lung Diseases—Is There Any Benefit of PAH-Specific Therapy?
Authors: Szturmowicz Monika , Kacprzak Aneta , Kuś Jan
Published: September 2017

Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is diagnosed in 40–50% of the patients with end-stage diffuse parenchymal lung diseases (DPLD), and it is associated with significant worsening of life expectancy. Latest ERS/ESC guidelines recommend best available treatment of DPLD, and long-term oxygen therapy in the patients with PaO2 less than 60 mm Hg. Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH)-targeted drugs are not recommended in PH-DPLD patients, due to the risk of increasing the ventilation-perfusion mismatch, and consequently worsening of hypoxaemia. Nevertheless, PAH-oriented treatment may be beneficial to selected groups of patients. The authors try to find the answer to several important questions: is there any benefit of PAH-specific therapy in PH-DPLD, who should be the candidate for PAH-specific therapy, what class of drugs is most promising, and what outcome measures should be employed?
Brincar na educação infantil como experiência de cultura e formação para a vida
Authors: Nicolielo Maria Elisa , Sommerhalder Aline , Alves Fernando Donizete
Published: September 2017

The article is the result of an academic research completed that aimed to know and understand what children teach and learn in social practice to play in early childhood education. The research was participant observation, in the qualitative approach with daily records of course, moments of play free of 14 children with an average age of three years and their teacher in a public early childhood education room. It held a discussion on the qualitative perspective, in light of the theoretical framework, based on three axes of analysis. The results showed that when playing together, children experienced moments of sharing and bargain of toys and play, strengthened bonds of friendship, expressed preferences and ideas, were created strategies to the dynamics of the play, experiencing formation opportunities for life
Cotidiano escolar e (des)respeito: o que dizem os livros de ocorrência escolar
Authors: Spencer Quevedo Goethel Elisiane , Cardoso Priscila Carla , Fonseca Débora Cristina
Published: September 2017

A questão do respeito/desrespeito tem sido um tema recorrente nas falas e nos registros dos educadores quando se trata de estudos que investigam a violência no âmbito escolar. Neste contexto este artigo objetiva refletir sobre os registros feitos nos Livros de Ocorrência Escolar (LOE), com foco na categoria respeito/desrespeito. Trata-se, pois, de uma pesquisa documental e que teve como aporte teórico a teoria histórico-cultural. Em nossa análise apontamos a necessidade da compreensão de como se dá a construção do respeito por parte daqueles que atuam no ambiente escolar, bem como seu importante papel nesse processo, sem deixar de levar em consideração questões como cultura, autoridade e comprometimento com a garantia ao acesso do conhecimento.
La compleja configuración de un derecho-libertad poliédrico, el Derecho a la información. Referencias históricas
Authors: Sánchez Ferriz Remedio , Corredoira y Alfonso Loreto
Published: September 2017

ResumenEste estudio sobre la configuración del derecho a la información trata de poner de relieve las peculiaridades del mismo que explican que, por más que existan precedentes doctrinales bien lejanos, no haya podido constitucionalizarse en Europa hasta avanzado el siglo xx. Debiendo insistir en la necesidad de que no sea confundido con la libertad de expresión, muchas referencias que se hacen en perspectiva histórica tratan justamente de subrayar esa diferencia entre ambosderechos-libertades y por consiguiente se trata de negar que se pueda considerar información lo que solo es expresión. Si bien la mayor soleray maduración de la libertad de expresión tiende a absorver en si misma el derecho a la información como una facultad más de aquella, en el texto se justifica la diversa funcionalidad política de ambos y la diversa fundamentación filosófica de los regímenes que dan cobertura a una y otro.Abstract:This work focuses on the origins of the right to communicate and aims to highlight some of the peculiarities that help explain that, even if there is a legal precedent that dates back centuries, its Constitutional adoption in Europe only happened well into the 20th century. We must insist that this right must not be confused with freedom of expression, as many references that deal with this topic from a historical perspective aim to highlight the differences between bothrights/freedoms. Even if the stronger tradition and development of freedom of expression as a right tends to absorb the right to communicate as one of its parts, this text explains the different political function of both rights and points out the differences in the philosophical foundations of the legal framework that establishes one or the other.
Un vestigio de otros tiempos: el rezo en el Congreso de Estados Unidos
Authors: Cuenca Miranda Alfonso
Published: September 2017

Resumen:El origen de la institución parlamentaria está íntimamente ligado a la escenografía religiosa. Frente a lo sucedido en el parlamentarismo continental contemporáneo, en donde su eliminación se derivó de la corriente laicizadora propia del período revolucionario, la antigua costumbre de abrir las sesiones parlamentarias con el rezo de una oración ha pervivido en el contexto del parlamentarismo anglosajón, bajo la égida de la praxis seguida en Westminster. En Estados Unidos su origen se halla en las propias sesiones del Congreso Continental y en la conformación del texto constitucional de Filadelfia, celebrándose desde entonces las correspondientes oraciones a cargo de capellanes contratados por las Cámaras. Planteada la constitucionalidad del rezoen las mismas desde la óptica de la Cláusula de Establecimiento (I Enmienda), la Corte Suprema la ha afirmado en dos sentencias (Marsh v. Chambers y Town of Greece v. Galloway) bajo argumentos históricos a condición de no ser proselitistas. La pervivencia de las oraciones parlamentarias se explica en determinados contextos como símbolos o elementos de autoafirmación e integración de la propia institución parlamentaria, conectándose con la denominada religión civil cuya presencia se ha afirmado en el caso norteamericano. Abstract:The origin of Parliaments is closely linked with the religious scenography. In contrast with what happened in the contemporary continental parliamentarism, where its elimination derived from the laicist stream of the revolutionary parliament, the ancient costume consisting of opening the parliamentary sessions with a prayer has survived in the context of the anglo-saxon parliamentarism, under the influence of the praxis followed in Westminster. In the United States its origins coincide with the sessions of the Continental Congress and the approval of the Philadelphia Constitution, since then the prayers have been recited by the chaplains hired by the Chambers. Although it has been disputed the prayer´s constitutionality due to the text of the Establishment Clause (I Amendment), the Supreme Court has confirmed it in two decisions (Marsh v. Chambers y Town of Greece v. Galloway) invoking historic arguments and under the condition that the prayers should not have a proselytizing purpose. Prayer´s survival is explained in certain contexts as elements of self-recognition and integration of the parliamentary institution, connected with the so called civil religion whose presence has been maintained in the U. S.
Obergefell contra Hodges: la sentencia de la Corte Suprema de los Estados Unidos sobre el matrimonio entre personas del mismo sexo
Authors: Delgado Ramos David
Published: September 2017

Resumen:El 26 de junio de 2015, la Corte Suprema de los Estados Unidos, mediante su sentencia Obergefell v. Hodges, consagró la constitucionalidad del matrimonio entre personas del mismo sexo, poniendo fin a un intenso y extenso debate que había dividido profundamente a la sociedad estadounidense desde el último tercio del siglo xx. A lo largo de este trabajo se analiza el derecho al matrimonio en los Estados Unidos desde la perspectiva de su marco jurídico-constitucional ysu evolución jurisprudencial, tanto a nivel estatal como federal, para concluir con un análisis de la sentencia Obergefell v. Hodges y sus votos particulares.Abstract:On 26 June 2015, the Supreme Court of the United States through its judgement Obergefell v. Hodges consecrated the constitutionality of same-sex marriage, ending an intensive and extensive debate which had deeply divided American society since the last third of the 20th century. Throughout this work the right to marry in the United States is analyzed from the perspective of its legal frame and its jurisprudential evolution, both at State and federal levels, to conclude with an analysis of Obergefell v. Hodges and their dissenting opinions.
The mystery of the tiny Urticaceae-feeders: documentation of the first leaf-mining Nepticulidae (Lepidoptera) species from equatorial America associated with Phenax, Boehmeria and Pilea
Authors: Stonis Jonas R. , Diškus Arūnas , Remeikis Andrius , Monro Alex K.
Published: September 2017

The paper presents the first documentation of Urticaceae-feeding Nepticulidae species in South America and describes four new species: two species feeding on Phenax Wedd. (Stigmella singularia Diškus & Stonis, sp. nov. and S. lata Diškus & Stonis, sp. nov.), one species on Boehmeria Jacq. (S. boehmeriphaga Diškus & Stonis, sp. nov.), and one species on Pilea Lindl. (S. auripurpurata Diškus & Stonis, sp. nov.); all from the equatorial Andes. In addition, leaf-mines of an unknown Stigmella taxa feeding on Phenax are documented. The newly discovered Urticaceae-feeding Nepticulidae exhibit some morphological and taxonomical diversity: two species groups, Stigmella singularia and S. marmorea, are revealed (the latter is designated in the current paper).
Percepção ambiental dos projetos de conservação dos quelônios do Tocantins, Brasil
Authors: Carvalho Aluísio Vasconcelos de , Lopes Thays Kelly Marinho , Malvasio Adriana
Published: September 2017

O presente estudo tem por objetivo contribuir no estudo das comunidades tradicionais com a efetividade dos projetos de conservação dos quelônios e seus derivados, em especial a comunidade do distrito Café da Roça no município de Pium-TO. Utilizou-se questionário com perguntas abertas e fechadas privilegiando a opinião dos entrevistados. Identificou-se que os moradores conhecem os projetos de proteção aos quelônios, seus objetivos e quem os executa.  Os moradores concordam que os quelônios precisam ser protegidos, porém não abrem mão do consumo, portanto, deve-se associar as comunidades tradicionais como participantes integrais no processo de transformação da sociedade sem perder as características culturais fundamentais que as compõe.
Determinação da capacidade suporte de trilhas do Parque Estadual Mata do Limoeiro, Itabira (MG), Brasil
Authors: Ferreira Isadora Figueiredo Monteiro , Maciel Amanda Lopes , Vieira Giuliana Camargo , Medeiros Gabriel Martins de , Caldeira Bianca Cabral
Published: September 2017

O estudo da capacidade suporte de uma trilha é essencial para estimar o número de visitantes que o local comporta, além de ser possível analisar os prováveis impactos causados e mitigá-los. Dessa forma, o presente artigo teve como objetivo pesquisar e estudar a capacidade suporte das trilhas do Bosque; do Ribeirão; e do Sítio Jorge, as quais estão localizadas na Unidade de Conservação denominada Parque Estadual Mata do Limoeiro (PEML), no Distrito de Ipoema, Itabira - MG. Assim, a questão deste estudo é: quantos visitantes cada trilha analisada comporta por dia? A metodologia da pesquisa baseia-se na obra de Cifuentes (1992). Primeiramente, foi feito o reconhecimento das demandas das trilhas de acordo com o gestor e estas foram estudadas. Em seguida, os dados foram dispostos em tabela e realizaram-se cálculos e análises desses. Dessa forma, os resultados obtidos são que a Trilha do Bosque comporta 969 pessoas por dia; a Trilha do Ribeirão, 1034; e a Trilha do Sítio Jorge, 721. Em suma, a capacidade suporte adquirida em cada trilha indicia um número significativo em relação à quantidade de visitantes que o PEML recebe por dia atualmente, visto que o Parque foi criado recentemente. A capacidade suporte pode ser utilizada para favorecer o uso público de forma sustentável, não garantindo que obedecer somente à capacidade suporte da área fará com que a mesma mantenha-se preservada, sendo necessário promover a educação ambiental dos visitantes.
Clinical outcomes in children and adolescents initiating antiretroviral therapy in decentralized healthcare settings in Zimbabwe
Authors: McHugh Grace , Simms Victoria , Dauya Ethel , Bandason Tsitsi , Chonzi Prosper , Metaxa Dafni , Munyati Shungu , Nathoo Kusum , Mujuru Hilda , Kranzer Katharina , Ferrand Rashida A.
Published: September 2017

Introduction: Decentralized HIV care for adults does not appear to compromise clinical outcomes. HIV care for children poses additional clinical and social complexities. We conducted a prospective cohort study to investigate clinical outcomes in children aged 6–15 years who registered for HIV care at seven primary healthcare clinics (PHCs) in Harare, Zimbabwe.

Methods: Participants were recruited between January 2013 and December 2014 and followed for 18 months. Rates of and reasons for mortality, hospitalization and unscheduled PHC attendances were ascertained. Cox proportional modelling was used to determine the hazard of death, unscheduled attendances and hospitalization.

Results: We recruited 385 participants, median age 11 years (IQR: 9–13) and 52% were female. The median CD4 count was 375 cells/mm3 (IQR: 215–599) and 77% commenced ART over the study period, with 64% of those who had viral load measured achieving an HIV viral load <400 copies/ml. At 18 months, 4% of those who started ART vs. 24% of those who remained ART‐naïve were lost‐to‐follow‐up (p < 0.001). Hospitalization and mortality rates were low (8.14/100 person‐years (pyrs) and 2.86/100 pyrs, respectively). There was a high rate of unscheduled PHC attendances (34.94/100 pyrs), but only 7% resulted in hospitalization. Respiratory disease was the major cause of hospitalization, unscheduled attendances and death. CD4 count <350cells/mm3 was a risk factor for hospitalization (aHR 3.6 (95%CI 1.6–8.2)).

Conclusions: Despite only 64% of participants achieving virological suppression, clinical outcomes were good and high rates of retention in care were observed. This demonstrates that in an era moving towards differentiated care in addition to implementation of universal treatment, decentralized HIV care for children is achievable. Interventions to improve adherence in this age‐group are urgently needed.
Transitioning young adults from paediatric to adult care and the HIV care continuum in Atlanta, Georgia, USA: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Hussen Sophia A. , Chakraborty Rana , Knezevic Andrea , Camacho‐Gonzalez Andres , Huang Eugene , Stephenson Rob , del Rio Carlos
Published: September 2017

Introduction: The transition from paediatric to adult HIV care is a particularly high‐risk time for disengagement among young adults; however, empirical data are lacking.

Methods: We reviewed medical records of 72 youth seen in both the paediatric and the adult clinics of the Grady Infectious Disease Program in Atlanta, Georgia, USA, from 2004 to 2014. We abstracted clinical data on linkage, retention and virologic suppression from the last two years in the paediatric clinic through the first two years in the adult clinic.

Results: Of patients with at least one visit scheduled in adult clinic, 97% were eventually seen by an adult provider (median time between last paediatric and first adult clinic visit = 10 months, interquartile range 2–18 months). Half of the patients were enrolled in paediatric care immediately prior to transition, while the other half experienced a gap in paediatric care and re‐enrolled in the clinic as adults. A total of 89% of patients were retained (at least two visits at least three months apart) in the first year and 56% in the second year after transition. Patients who were seen in adult clinic within three months of their last paediatric visit were more likely to be virologically suppressed after transition than those who took longer (Relative risk (RR): 1.76; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.07–2.9; p = 0.03). Patients with virologic suppression (HIV‐1 RNA below the level of detection of the assay) at the last paediatric visit were also more likely to be suppressed at the most recent adult visit (RR: 2.3; 95% CI: 1.34–3.9; p = 0.002).

Conclusions: Retention rates once in adult care, though high initially, declined significantly by the second year after transition. Pre‐transition viral suppression and shorter linkage time between paediatric and adult clinic were associated with better outcomes post‐transition. Optimizing transition will require intensive transition support for patients who are not virologically controlled, as well as support for youth beyond the first year in the adult setting.
False‐negative HIV tests using oral fluid tests in children taking antiretroviral therapy from Harare, Zimbabwe
Authors: Olaru Ioana D. , McHugh Grace , Dakshina Suba , Majonga Edith , Dauya Ethel , Bandason Tsitsi , Kranzer Katharina , Mujuru Hilda , Ferrand Rashida A.
Published: September 2017

Introduction: Rapid diagnostic tests (RDT) for HIV infection have high sensitivity and specificity, but in the setting of longstanding antiretroviral therapy (ART), can give false results that can lead to misinterpretation, confusion and inadequate management. The objective of this study was to evaluate the proportion of falsely negative results of a RDT performed on oral fluid in HIV‐infected children on longstanding ART.

Methods: One hundred and twenty‐nine children with known HIV infection and receiving ART were recruited from the HIV Clinic at the Harare Central Hospital, Zimbabwe. HIV testing was performed on oral fluid and on finger‐stick blood.

Results and Discussion: Children included in the study had a median age of 12 years (IQR 10–14) and 67 (51.9%) were female. Median age at HIV diagnosis was 5 years (IQR 3–6) and the median time on ART was 6.3 years (IQR 4.3–8.1). The oral fluid test was negative in 11 (8.5%) patients and indeterminate in 2 (1.6%). Finger‐stick blood test was negative in 1 patient. Patients with a negative oral fluid test had a higher CD4 cell count (967 vs. 723 cells/mm3, p = 0.016) and a longer time on ART (8.5 vs. 6 years, p = 0.016).

Conclusions: This study found that a substantial proportion of false‐negative HIV test results in children on longstanding ART when using an oral fluid test. This could lead to misinterpretation of HIV test results and in the false perception of cure or delayed diagnosis.
Genetic epidemiology of dengue viruses in phase III trials of the CYD tetravalent dengue vaccine and implications for efficacy
Authors: Rabaa Maia A , Girerd-Chambaz Yves , Duong Thi Hue Kien , Vu Tuan Trung , Wills Bridget , Bonaparte Matthew , van der Vliet Diane , Langevin Edith , Cortes Margarita , Zambrano Betzana , Dunod Corinne , Wartel-Tram Anh , Jackson Nicholas , Simmons Cameron P
Published: September 2017

This study defined the genetic epidemiology of dengue viruses (DENV) in two pivotal phase III trials of the tetravalent dengue vaccine, CYD-TDV, and thereby enabled virus genotype-specific estimates of vaccine efficacy (VE). Envelope gene sequences (n = 661) from 11 DENV genotypes in 10 endemic countries provided a contemporaneous global snapshot of DENV population genetics and revealed high amino acid identity between the E genes of vaccine strains and wild-type viruses from trial participants, including at epitope sites targeted by virus neutralising human monoclonal antibodies. Post-hoc analysis of all CYD14/15 trial participants revealed a statistically significant genotype-level VE association within DENV-4, where efficacy was lowest against genotype I. In subgroup analysis of trial participants age 9–16 years, VE estimates appeared more balanced within each serotype, suggesting that genotype-level heterogeneity may be limited in older children. Post-licensure surveillance is needed to monitor vaccine performance against the backdrop of DENV sequence diversity and evolution.
Magnetic eye tracking in mice
Authors: Payne Hannah L , Raymond Jennifer L
Published: September 2017

Eye movements provide insights about a wide range of brain functions, from sensorimotor integration to cognition; hence, the measurement of eye movements is an important tool in neuroscience research. We describe a method, based on magnetic sensing, for measuring eye movements in head-fixed and freely moving mice. A small magnet was surgically implanted on the eye, and changes in the magnet angle as the eye rotated were detected by a magnetic field sensor. Systematic testing demonstrated high resolution measurements of eye position of <0.1°. Magnetic eye tracking offers several advantages over the well-established eye coil and video-oculography methods. Most notably, it provides the first method for reliable, high-resolution measurement of eye movements in freely moving mice, revealing increased eye movements and altered binocular coordination compared to head-fixed mice. Overall, magnetic eye tracking provides a lightweight, inexpensive, easily implemented, and high-resolution method suitable for a wide range of applications.
Epidemiological and ecological determinants of Zika virus transmission in an urban setting
Authors: Lourenço José , Maia de Lima Maricelia , Faria Nuno Rodrigues , Walker Andrew , Kraemer Moritz UG , Villabona-Arenas Christian Julian , Lambert Ben , Marques de Cerqueira Erenilde , Pybus Oliver G , Alcantara Luiz CJ , Recker Mario
Published: September 2017

The Zika virus has emerged as a global public health concern. Its rapid geographic expansion is attributed to the success of Aedes mosquito vectors, but local epidemiological drivers are still poorly understood. Feira de Santana played a pivotal role in the Chikungunya epidemic in Brazil and was one of the first urban centres to report Zika infections. Using a climate-driven transmission model and notified Zika case data, we show that a low observation rate and high vectorial capacity translated into a significant attack rate during the 2015 outbreak, with a subsequent decline in 2016 and fade-out in 2017 due to herd-immunity. We find a potential Zika-related, low risk for microcephaly per pregnancy, but with significant public health impact given high attack rates. The balance between the loss of herd-immunity and viral re-importation will dictate future transmission potential of Zika in this urban setting.
Effects of tire leachate on the invasive mosquito Aedes albopictus and the native congener Aedes triseriatus
Authors: Villena Oswaldo C. , Terry Ivana , Iwata Kayoko , Landa Edward R. , LaDeau Shannon L. , Leisnham Paul T.
Published: September 2017

Discarded vehicle tire casings are an important artificial habitat for the developmental stages of numerous vector mosquitoes. Discarded vehicle tires degrade under ultraviolet light and leach numerous soluble metals (e.g., barium, cadmium, zinc) and organic substances (e.g., benzothiazole and its derivatives [BZTs], polyaromatic hydrocarbons [PAHs]) that could affect mosquito larvae that inhabit the tire casing. This study examined the relationship between soluble zinc, a common marker of tire leachate, on mosquito densities in tire habitats in the field, and tested the effects of tire leachate on the survival and development of newly hatched Aedes albopictus and Aedes triseriatus larvae in a controlled laboratory dose-response experiment. In the field, zinc concentrations were as high as 7.26 mg/L in a single tire and averaged as high as 2.39 (SE ± 1.17) mg/L among tires at a single site. Aedes albopictus (37/42 tires, 81.1%) and A. triseriatus (23/42, 54.8%) were the most widespread mosquito species, co-occurred in over half (22/42, 52.4%) of all tires, and A. triseriatus was only collected without A. albopictus in one tire. Aedes triseriatus was more strongly negatively associated with zinc concentration than A. albopictus, and another common mosquito, C. pipiens, which was found in 17 tires. In the laboratory experiment, A. albopictus per capita rate of population change (λ′) was over 1.0, indicating positive population growth, from 0–8.9 mg/L zinc concentration (0–10,000 mg/L tire leachate), but steeply declined to zero from 44.50–89.00 mg/L zinc (50,000–100,000 mg/L tire leachate). In contrast, A. triseriatus λ′ declined at the lower concentration of 0.05 mg/L zinc (100 mg/L tire leachate), and was zero at 0.45, 8.90, 44.50, and 89.00 mg/L zinc (500, 10,000, 50,000 and 100,000 mg/L tire leachate). These results indicate that tire leachate can have severe negative effects on populations of container-utilizing mosquitoes at concentrations commonly found in the field. Superior tolerance to tire leachate of A. albopictus compared to A. triseriatus, and possibly other native mosquito species, may have facilitated the replacement of these native species as A. albopictus has invaded North America and other regions around the world.
SITE BARRIER OPTIMIZATION ON INTEGRATING THERMAL COMFORT WITH NOISE PROPAGATION CONTROL
Authors: Samodra FX Teddy Badai
Published: September 2017

The difference in geographical altitudes in tropical environment not only causes variations in climate and environment leading to influences on thermal comfort, but also effects on noise propagation variation. This study proposes the site barrier optimization and integrated control on thermal performance and environmental noise to reach the standards using ANSYS Fluent and MATLAB simulations method. The research locations are in Surabaya as the lowland area and Malang as highland area, all are representatives of tropical urban environment of Indonesia. The results highlighted that the minimum barrier distance to receiver for the lowest barrier height (1.5 m) for both thermal and noise improvement is 5.63 m. Meanwhile, at minimum distance for noise control (1.8 m), the minimum reference height of aperture is 1.02 m when it uses lowest barrier height.
SPATIAL AND STRUCTURAL ASPECTS OF AN ADAPTABLE BUILDING
Authors: Julistiono Eunike Kristi , Hosana Nikolas , Liemansetyo Fida , Wijaya Irene Felicia
Published: September 2017

At the moment, in the era of energy crisis and climate change, designing a sustainable building is mandatory to minimize building construction and operational impacts, and to ensure the sustainability of the ecology. Prolong the life span of the building is one important strategy to achieve a sustainable building. Longer life span can be achieved if the building has continual adaptability towards changes of needs along its life span. This paper presents the design of an adaptable building with a modular, movable, and knock-down construction. In here, two important aspects in the creation of an adaptable building – the spatial and structural aspects, are considered. The result is a sustainable building with flexible and fluctuating space which is able to adapt to different functional requirements
Ancient Continental Lithosphere Dislocated Beneath Ocean Basins Along the Mid‐Lithosphere Discontinuity: A Hypothesis
Authors: Wang Zhensheng , Kusky Timothy M. , Capitanio Fabio A.
Published: September 2017

The documented occurrence of ancient continental cratonic roots beneath several oceanic basins remains poorly explained by the plate tectonic paradigm. These roots are found beneath some ocean‐continent boundaries, on the trailing sides of some continents, extending for hundreds of kilometers or farther into oceanic basins. We postulate that these cratonic roots were left behind during plate motion, by differential shearing along the seismically imaged mid‐lithosphere discontinuity (MLD), and then emplaced beneath the ocean‐continent boundary. Here we use numerical models of cratons with realistic crustal rheologies drifting at observed plate velocities to support the idea that the mid‐lithosphere weak layer fostered the decoupling and offset of the African continent's buoyant cratonic root, which was left behind during Meso‐Cenozoic continental drift and emplaced beneath the Atlantic Ocean. We show that in some cratonic areas, the MLD plays a similar role as the lithosphere‐asthenosphere boundary for accommodating lateral plate tectonic displacements.
Magnesium Isotopic Evidence for Ancient Subducted Oceanic Crust in LOMU‐Like Potassium‐Rich Volcanic Rocks
Authors: Sun Yang , Teng Fang‐Zhen , Ying Ji‐Feng , Su Ben‐Xun , Hu Yan , Fan Qi‐Cheng , Zhou Xin‐Hua
Published: September 2017

To evaluate the role of subducted oceanic crust in the genesis of potassium‐rich magmas, we report high‐precision Mg isotopic data for a set of Cenozoic volcanic rocks from Northeast China. These rocks overall are lighter in Mg isotopic composition than the normal mantle and display considerable Mg isotopic variations, with δ26Mg ranging from −0.61 to −0.23. The covariation of δ26Mg with TiO2 in these rocks suggests that their light Mg isotopic compositions were derived from recycled oceanic crust in the form of carbonated eclogite in the source region. The strong correlations between δ26Mg and (Gd/Yb)N ratio as well as Sr‐Pb isotopes further indicate a multicomponent and multistage origin of these rocks. Magnesium isotopes may thus be used as a novel tracer of recycled oceanic crust in the source region of mantle‐derived magmas.
Improvements to GPS Airborne Radio Occultation in the Lower Troposphere Through Implementation of the Phase Matching Method
Authors: Wang K.‐N. , Garrison J. L. , Haase J. S. , Murphy B. J.
Published: September 2017

Airborne radio occultation (ARO) is a remote sensing technique for atmospheric sounding using Global Positioning System signals received by an airborne instrument. The atmospheric refractivity profile, which depends on pressure, temperature, and water vapor, can be retrieved by measuring the signal delay due to the refractive medium through which the signal traverses. The ARO system was developed to make repeated observations within an individual meteorological event such as a tropical storm, regardless of the presence of clouds and precipitation, and complements existing observation techniques such as dropsondes and satellite remote sensing. RO systems can suffer multipath ray propagation in the lower troposphere if there are strong refractivity gradients, for example, due to a highly variable moisture distribution or a sharp boundary layer, interfering with continuous carrier phase tracking as well as complicating retrievals. The phase matching method has now been adapted for ARO and is shown to reduce negative biases in the refractivity retrieval by providing robust retrievals of bending angle in the presence of multipath. The retrieval results are presented for a flight campaign in September 2010 for Hurricane Karl in the Caribbean Sea. The accuracy is assessed through comparison with the European Centre for Medium Range Weather Forecasts Interim Reanalysis. The fractional difference in refractivity can be maintained at a standard deviation of 2% from flight level down to a height of 2 km. The phase matching method decreases the negative refractivity bias by as much as 4% over the classical geometrical optics retrieval method.
Aerosol Properties Observed in the Subtropical North Pacific Boundary Layer
Authors: Royalty T. M. , Phillips B. N. , Dawson K. W. , Reed R. , Meskhidze N. , Petters M. D.
Published: September 2017

The impact of anthropogenic aerosol on climate forcing remains uncertain largely due to inadequate representation of natural aerosols in climate models. The marine boundary layer (MBL) might serve as a model location to study natural aerosol processes. Yet source and sink mechanisms controlling the MBL aerosol number, size distribution, chemical composition, and hygroscopic properties remain poorly constrained. Here aerosol size distribution and water uptake measurements were made aboard the R/V Hi'ialakai from 27 June to 3 July 2016 in the subtropical North Pacific Ocean. Size distributions were predominantly bimodal with an average integrated number concentration of 197 ± 98 cm−3. Hygroscopic growth factors were measured using the tandem differential mobility analyzer technique for dry 48, 96, and 144 nm particles. Mode kappa values for these were 0.57 ± 0.12, 0.51 ± 0.09, and 0.52 ± 0.08, respectively. To better understand remote MBL aerosol sources, a new algorithm was developed which decomposes hygroscopicity distributions into three classes: carbon‐containing particles, sulfate‐like particles, and sodium‐containing particles. Results from this algorithm showed low and steady sodium‐containing particle concentrations while the sulfate‐like and carbon‐containing particle concentrations varied during the cruise. According to the classification scheme, carbon‐containing particles contributed at least 3–7%, sulfate‐like particles contributed at most 77–88% and sodium‐containing particles at least contributed 9–16% to the total aerosol number concentration. Size distribution and hygroscopicity data, in conjunction with air mass back trajectory analysis, suggested that the aerosol budget in the subtropical North Pacific MBL may be controlled by aerosol entrainment from the free troposphere.
Solar Wind Sputtering Rates of Small Bodies and Ion Mass Spectrometry Detection of Secondary Ions
Authors: Schaible M. J. , Dukes C. A. , Hutcherson A. C. , Lee P. , Collier M. R. , Johnson R. E.
Published: September 2017

Solar wind interactions with the surfaces of asteroids and small moons eject atoms and molecules from the uppermost several nanometers of regolith grains through a process called sputtering. A small fraction of the sputtered species, called secondary ions, leave the surface in an ionized state, and these are diagnostic of the surface composition. Detection of secondary ions using ion mass spectrometry (IMS) provides a powerful method of analysis due to low backgrounds and high instrument sensitivities. However, the sputtered secondary ion yield and the atomic composition of the surface are not 1‐to‐1 correlated. Thus, relative yield fractions based on experimental measurements are needed to convert measured spectra to surface composition. Here available experimental results are combined with computationally derived solar wind sputtering yields to estimate secondary ion fluxes from asteroid‐sized bodies in the solar system. The Monte Carlo simulation code SDTrimSP is used to estimate the total sputtering yield due to solar wind ion bombardment for a diverse suite of meteorite and lunar soil compositions. Experimentally measured relative secondary ion yields are analyzed to determine the abundance of refractory species (Mg+, Al+, Ca+, and Fe+) relative to Si+, and it is shown that relative abundances indicate whether a body is primitive or has undergone significant geologic reprocessing. Finally, estimates of the sputtered secondary ion fluxes are used to determine the IMS sensitivity required to adequately resolve major element ratios for nominal orbital geometries.
Halobaculum
Authors: Oren Aharon
Published: September 2017

Ha.lo.ba'cu.lum. Gr. n.
hals, halos
salt; L. neut. n.
baculum
, a stick; N.L. neut. n.
Halobaculum
salt stick.

Euryarchaeota / Halobacteria / Haloferacales / Halorubraceae / Halobaculum

The genus
Halobaculum
, classified within the family
Halorubraceae
, order
Haloferacales
in the class
Halobacteria
, consists of pleomorphic rod‐shaped cells with colonies pigmented red by bacterioruberin carotenoids. All species are extremely halophilic, and some tolerate and even require very high magnesium concentrations for growth. They are obligate aerobes, and catalase and oxidase reactions are variable. Nitrate is reduced to nitrite. Different sugars and organic acids stimulate growth. Polar lipids are diphytanyl diether derivatives of phosphatidylglycerol, the methyl ester of phosphatidylglycerol phosphate, and a sulfated diglycosyl diether lipids. Phosphatidylglycerol sulfate is absent. Currently, the genus consists of three species:
Hbl. magnesiiphilum
,
Hbl. gomorrense
, and
Hbl. roseum
;
Halobaculum gomorrense
is the type species. Isolates have been recovered from the Dead Sea, salt produced in Japan and Bolivia, and a salt mine in China.

DNA G + C content (mol%)
: 65.9–70.0.

Type species
:
Halobaculum gomorrense
Oren, Gurevich, Gemmell, and Teske 1995, 753
VP
.
H
aloarchaeobius
Authors: Ventosa Antonio , Amoozegar Mohammad A.
Published: September 2017

Ha.lo.ar.chae.o'bi.us. Gr. n.
hals, halos
salt; N.L. adj.
archaeos
from Gr. adj.
archaios
ancient; N.L. masc. n.
bius
from Gr. masc. n.
bios
life; N.L. masc. n.
Haloarchaeobius
halophilic ancient (archaeal) life.

Euryarchaeota / Halobacteria / Halobacteriales / Halobacteriaceae / Haloarchaeobius

The genus
Haloarchaeobius
is classified within the family
Halobacteriaceae
and the order
Halobacteriales
, in the class
Halobacteria
. The cells are rods or pleomorphic and stain Gram‐negative. Colonies are orange‐red or red pigmented. Strictly aerobic. They are extreme halophiles, growing in media containing 1.4–5.0 M NaCl, with optimal growth at 2.0–3.5 M NaCl. Cells lyse in distilled water. Neutrophilic (optimal growth at pH 6.5–7.5). Optimum temperature for growth is 37–40 °C. Polar lipids include phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol phosphate methyl ester, phosphatidylglycerol sulfate, and several glycolipids, of which two have been identified as sulfated manosyl glucosyl diether (S‐DGD‐1) and sulfated galactosyl mannosyl glucosyl diether (S‐TGD‐1). Isoprenoid quinones are MK‐8 and MK‐8(H
2
). Currently, the genus includes five species:
Haloarchaeobius iranensis
(type species of the genus),
Haloarchaeobius amylolyticus
,
Haloarchaeobius baliensis
,
Haloarchaeobius litoreus
, and
Haloarchaeobius salinus
. The strains of these species were isolated from salt lakes and from solar salterns.

DNA G + C content (mol%)
: 63.7–67.7 (HPLC and
T
m
).

Type species
:
Haloarchaeobius iranensis
Makhdoumi‐Kakhki, Amoozegar, Bagheri, Ramezani and Ventosa 2012, 1024
VP
emend. Yuan, Zhang, Han and Cui 2015c, 913.
Sporacetigenium
Authors: Chen Shuangya , Dong Xiuzhu
Published: September 2017

Spor.a.ce.ti.ge'ni.um. N.L. n. spora (from Gr.n.spora, a seed) a spore; L. n.acetum, vinegar; Gr. v.gennaô, produce, engender; N.L. neut. n.Sporacetigenium,thermophilic vinegar producer.

Firmicutes / Clostridia / Clostridiales / Clostridiaceae / Sporacetigenium

The genusSporacetigeniumcomprises the bacterial strains of gram‐positive rod with cell size of 0.9–1.0 × 3.6–7.3 µm, motile by peritrichous flagella, and forms spore. They are obligately anaerobic and do not produce oxidase and catalase. Growth occurs at 20–42°C and pH 6.0–9.5. The strains are chemoorganotrophic and use peptone as nitrogen source but only ferment a few mono‐ and disaccharides. They hydrolyze starch and aesculin but not gelatin. The major fermentation products from glucose are acetic acid, ethanol, hydrogen, and carbon dioxide. Sulfate is not reduced. The peptidoglycan of the cell wall containsmeso‐DAP. Taxonomically, the genusSporacetigeniumis accommodated in the classClostridia, familyPeptostreptococcaceae(Bacteria, Firmicutes,Clostridia,andClostridiales). The described strains were isolated from sludge treating municipal solid waste and sewage. However, culture‐independent approaches indicate thatSporacetigeniumspp. distribute in diverse ecosystems, such as bioleaching of pyrite, sediments of river, and salt lakes. In addition, 16S rRNA sequence ofS. poracetigeniumis also retrieved from the intestine of human and animals, suggesting that they might be associated with immune and metabolic processes.

DNA G + C content (mol%): 53.9–54.3 (Tm).

Type species:Sporacetigenium mesophilumChen, Song and Dong 2006, 724VP.
Sliding and Migration of Tilt Grain Boundaries in a Mg–Zn–Y Alloy
Authors: Hu Weiwei , Yang Zhiqing , Ye Hengqiang
Published: September 2017

Sliding and migration of tilt grain boundaries in a Mg–Zn–Y alloy have been investigated on the atomic scale using aberration‐corrected scanning transmission electron microscopy. Grain boundary sliding is accommodated by non‐basal dislocations moving along the grain boundary; grain boundary migration is induced by the motion of grain boundary dislocations with synchronized grain boundary diffusion. Simultaneous sliding and migration of tilt boundaries take place in both Mg matrix and long period stacking ordered phases. These results provide evidence for occurrence of grain boundary motion, which may play a role in plasticity of this kind of Mg alloys.
Mutually Synergistic Nanoparticles for Effective Thermo‐Molecularly Targeted Therapy
Authors: Luo Huanhuan , Wang Qiaoli , Deng Yibin , Yang Tao , Ke Hengte , Yang Hong , He Hui , Guo Zhengqing , Yu Dong , Wu Hong , Chen Huabing
Published: September 2017

Photothermal therapy (PTT) is of particular importance as a highly potent therapeutic modality in cancer therapy. However, a critical challenge still remains in the exploration of highly effective strategy to maximize the PTT efficiency due to tumor thermoresistance and thus frequent tumor recurrence. Here, a rational fabrication of the micelles that can achieve mutual synergy of PTT and molecularly targeted therapy (MTT) for tumor ablation is reported. The micelles generate both distinct photothermal effect from Cypate through enhanced photothermal conversion efficiency and pH‐dependent drug release. The micelles further exhibit effective cytoplasmic translocation of 17‐allylamino‐17‐demethoxygeldanamycin (17AAG) through reactive oxygen species mediated lysosomal disruption caused by Cypate under irradiation. Translocated 17AAG specifically bind with heat shock protein 90 (HSP90), thereby inhibiting antiapoptotic p‐ERK1/2 proteins for producing preferable MTT efficiency through early apoptosis. Meanwhile, translocated 17AAG molecules further block stressfully overexpressed HSP90 under irradiation and thus inhibit the overexpression of p‐Akt for achieving the reduced thermoresistance of tumor cells, thus promoting the PTT efficiency through boosting both early and late apoptosis of Cypate. Moreover, the micelles possess enhanced resistance to photobleaching, preferable cellular uptake, and effective tumor accumulation, thus facilitating mutually synergistic PTT/MTT treatments with tumor ablation. These findings represent a general approach for potent cancer therapy.