bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evaluating the Effects of Self-Monitoring of Performance with a Peer Component on Disruptive Behavior and Task Completion of Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder
Authors: Gural Isabella , Cividini-Motta Catia , Del Vecchio Marissa L. , Risse Madeline R.
Published: June 2024

Self-monitoring (SM) is a widely used intervention to address a myriad of problem behaviors exhibited by individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and other disabilities (e.g., specific learning disability). SM of performance (SMP) interventions have been effective in increasing task completion and on-task behaviors in the general education setting. However, most of the research on SM interventions has been completed in a school setting, and few have evaluated the inclusion of a peer mediator component within a SM treatment package. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of a SMP intervention on disruptive behavior and task completion in three children with ASD. This study extends previous research by incorporating a peer mediator component, including children with ASD, and implementing the intervention in a clinic setting. The results show that the SM treatment package was effective, as the level of disruptive behavior and task completion improved for all three participants compared to baseline levels.
Mechanical Properties and Mesoscopic Numerical Simulation of Local Weakening in High-Performance Concrete after 10 Years of Alkali Solution Immersion
Authors: Guo Juan , Guo Jianbo , Yu Hongfa , Ma Haiyan , Zhang Jinhua , Yan Jun , Wang Fang , Zhang Lifang
Published: June 2024

The natural environment in the high-altitude regions of Northwest China is extremely harsh, characterized by numerous salt lakes. The high concentrations of chloride salts, sulfates, and alkali metal ions in these areas can induce alkali–silica reactions (ASRs) in concrete. These reactions generate harmful gel within the concrete, causing expansion and cracking, which significantly impacts the durability of concrete structures. This study investigates the evolution of the mechanical properties in high-performance concrete (HPC) under long-term ASR by incorporating different admixtures and varying the equivalent alkali content. A three-dimensional random aggregate mesoscopic model was used to simulate static compression tests under various operational conditions. Non-destructive testing methods were utilized to determine the expansion rate, internal, and surface damage variables of the concrete. The experimental results indicate that the 10-year expansion rate differs from the 1-year rate by approximately 1%, and under long-term ASR mitigation measures, the internal damage in the HPC is minimal, though the surface damage is more severe. As the equivalent alkali content increases, the compressive strength of the concrete cubes decreases, initially rising before falling by 5–15% over time. The HPC with only air-entraining agent added exhibited better mechanical performance than the HPC with both air-entraining and corrosion inhibitors added, with the poorest performance observed in the HPC with only a corrosion inhibitor. A relationship was established between the surface and internal damage variables, with the surface damage initially increasing rapidly before stabilizing as the internal damage rose. Numerical simulations effectively describe the damage behavior of HPC under static uniaxial compression. Comparisons with actual failure morphologies revealed that, in the cube compression tests, crack propagation directly penetrated both coarse and fine aggregates rather than circumventing them. The simulations closely matched the experimental outcomes, demonstrating their accuracy in modeling experiments. This study discusses the compressive mechanical properties of concrete under prolonged ASR through a combination of experimental and simulation approaches. It also delves into the impact of surface damage on the overall mechanical performance and failure modes of concrete. The findings provide experimental and simulation support for the concrete structures in regions with high alkali contents.
Liver Transplantation for Hepatocellular Carcinoma in the Era of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors
Authors: De Stefano Nicola , Patrono Damiano , Colli Fabio , Rizza Giorgia , Paraluppi Gianluca , Romagnoli Renato
Published: June 2024

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains the leading oncological indication for liver transplantation (LT), with evolving and broadened inclusion criteria. Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) gained a central role in systemic HCC treatment and showed potential in the peri-transplant setting as downstaging/bridging therapy before LT or as a treatment for HCC recurrence following LT. However, the antagonistic mechanisms of action between ICIs and immunosuppressive drugs pose significant challenges, particularly regarding the risk of acute rejection (AR). This review analyzes the main signaling pathways targeted by ICI therapies and summarizes current studies on ICI therapy before and after LT. The literature on this topic is limited and highly heterogeneous, precluding definitive evidence-based conclusions. The use of ICIs before LT appears promising, provided that a sufficient wash-out period is implemented. In contrast, the results of post-LT ICI therapy do not support its wide clinical application due to high AR rates and overall poor response to treatment. In the future, modern graft preservation techniques might support the selection of good ICI responders, but data from high-level studies are urgently needed.
Exploring Selenoprotein P in Liver Cancer: Advanced Statistical Analysis and Machine Learning Approaches
Authors: Razaghi Ali , Björnstedt Mikael
Published: June 2024

Selenoprotein P (SELENOP) acts as a crucial mediator, distributing selenium from the liver to other tissues within the body. Despite its established role in selenium metabolism, the specific functions of SELENOP in the development of liver cancer remain enigmatic. This study aims to unravel SELENOP’s associations in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) by scrutinizing its expression in correlation with disease characteristics and investigating links to hormonal and lipid/triglyceride metabolism biomarkers as well as its potential as a prognosticator for overall survival and predictor of hypoxia. SELENOP mRNA expression was analyzed in 372 HCC patients sourced from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), utilizing statistical methodologies in R programming and machine learning techniques in Python. SELENOP expression significantly varied across HCC grades (p < 0.000001) and among racial groups (p = 0.0246), with lower levels in higher grades and Asian individuals, respectively. Gender significantly influenced SELENOP expression (p < 0.000001), with females showing lower altered expression compared to males. Notably, the Spearman correlation revealed strong positive connections of SELENOP with hormonal markers (AR, ESR1, THRB) and key lipid/triglyceride metabolism markers (PPARA, APOC3, APOA5). Regarding prognosis, SELENOP showed a significant association with overall survival (p = 0.0142) but explained only a limited proportion of variability (~10%). Machine learning suggested its potential as a predictive biomarker for hypoxia, explaining approximately 18.89% of the variance in hypoxia scores. Future directions include validating SELENOP’s prognostic and diagnostic value in serum for personalized HCC treatment. Large-scale prospective studies correlating serum SELENOP levels with patient outcomes are essential, along with integrating them with clinical parameters for enhanced prognostic accuracy and tailored therapeutic strategies.
Anti-Leukemic Effects Induced by Dendritic Cells of Leukemic Origin from Leukemic Blood Samples Are Comparable under Hypoxic vs. Normoxic Conditions
Authors: Doraneh-Gard Fatemeh , Amberger Daniel Christoph , Amend Carina , Weinmann Melanie , Schwepcke Christoph , Klauer Lara , Schutti Olga , Hosseini Hedayatollah , Krämer Doris , Rank Andreas , Schmid Christoph , Schmetzer Helga Maria
Published: June 2024

Hypoxia can modulate the immune system by affecting the function and activity of immune cells, potentially leading to altered immune responses. This study investigated the generation of leukemia-derived dendritic cells (DCleu) from leukemic blasts and their impact on immune cell activation under hypoxic (5–10% O2) compared to normoxic (21% O2) conditions using various immunomodulatory Kits. The results revealed that DC/DCleu-generation was similar under hypoxic and normoxic conditions, with no significant differences observed in frequencies of generated DC/DCleu. Furthermore, the study showed that the activation of immune cells and their anti-leukemic activity improved when T cell-enriched immunoreactive cells were co-cultured with DC/DCleu which were generated with Kit I and M compared to the control after mixed lymphocyte cultures. The anti-leukemic activity was improved under hypoxic compared to normoxic conditions after MLCWB-DC Kit M. These findings suggest that DC/DCleu-cultures of leukemic whole blood with Kits under hypoxic conditions yield comparable frequencies of DC/DCleu and can even increase the anti-leukemic activity compared to normoxic conditions. Overall, this research highlights the potential of utilizing DC/DCleu (potentially induced in vivo with Kits) as a promising approach to enhance immune response in patients with acute myeloid leukemia.
Adjacent Reaction Sites of Atomic Mn2O3 and Oxygen Vacancies Facilitate CO2 Activation for Enhanced CH4 Production on TiO2-Supported Nickel-Hydroxide Nanoparticles
Authors: Saravanan Praveen Kumar , Bhalothia Dinesh , Beniwal Amisha , Tsai Cheng-Hung , Liu Pin-Yu , Chen Tsan-Yao , Ku Hong-Ming , Chen Po-Chun
Published: June 2024

The catalytic conversion of carbon dioxide (CO2) to methane (CH4) through the “Sabatier reaction”, also known as CO2 methanation, presents a promising avenue for establishing a closed carbon loop. However, the competitive reverse water gas shift (RWGS) reaction severely limits CH4 production at lower temperatures; therefore, developing highly efficient and selective catalysts for CO2 methanation is imperative. In this regard, we have developed a novel nanocatalyst comprising atomic scale Mn2O3 species decorated in the defect sites of TiO2-supported Ni-hydroxide nanoparticles with abundant oxygen vacancies (hereafter denoted as NiMn-1). The as-prepared NiMn-1 catalyst initiates the CO2 methanation at a temperature of 523 K and delivers an optimal CH4 production yield of 21,312 mmol g−1 h−1 with a CH4 selectivity as high as ~92% at 573 K, which is 45% higher as compared to its monometallic counterpart Ni-TiO2 (14,741 mmol g−1 h−1). Physical investigations combined with gas chromatography analysis corroborate that the exceptional activity and selectivity of the NiMn-1 catalyst stem from the synergistic cooperation between adjacent active sites on its surface. Specifically, the high density of oxygen vacancies in Ni-hydroxide and adjacent Mn2O3 domains facilitate CO2 activation, while the metallic Ni domains trigger H2 splitting. We envision that the obtained results pave the way for the design of highly active and selective catalysts for CO2 methanation.
Correction: Aldana et al. Nanocomposite PVDF/TiO2 Photocatalytic Membranes for Micropollutant Removal in Secondary Effluent. Catalysts 2024, 14, 109
Authors: Aldana Juan C. , Pedrosa Marta , Silva Adrián M. T. , Faria Joaquim L. , Acero Juan L. , Álvarez Pedro M.
Published: June 2024

In the original publication [...]
CO2 Electroreduction by Engineering the Cu2O/RGO Interphase
Authors: Bisetto Matteo , Rej Sourav , Naldoni Alberto , Montini Tiziano , Bevilacqua Manuela , Fornasiero Paolo
Published: June 2024

In the present investigation, Cu2O-based composites were successfully prepared through a multistep method where cubic Cu2O nanoparticles (CU Cu2O) have been grown on Reduced Graphene Oxide (RGO) nanosheets. The structural and morphological properties of the materials have been studied through a comprehensive characterization, confirming the coexistence of crystalline Cu2O and RGO. Microscopical imaging revealed the intimate contact between the two materials, affecting the size and the distribution of Cu2O nanoparticles on the support. The features of the improved morphology strongly affected the electrochemical behavior of the composites, increasing the activity and the faradaic efficiencies towards the electrochemical CO2 reduction reaction process. CU Cu2O/RGO 2:1 composite displayed selective CO formation over H2, with higher currents compared to pristine Cu2O (−0.34 mA/cm2 for Cu2O and −0.64 mA/cm2 for CU Cu2O/RGO 2:1 at the voltage of −0.8 vs. RHE and in a CO2 atmosphere) and a faradaic efficiency of 50% at −0.9 V vs. RHE. This composition exhibited significantly higher CO production compared to the pristine materials, indicating a favorable *CO intermediate pathway even at lower voltages. The systematic investigation on the effects of nanostructuration on composition, morphology and catalytic behavior is a valuable solution for the formation of effective interphases for the promotion of catalytic properties providing crucial insights for future catalysts design and applications.
Increased Semantic Memorization in Children with ADHD during a Paradigm of Motor Priming: Exploratory Findings
Authors: Moscoso Ana , Louisin Clarisse , Caldani Simona , Worms Ehrminger Mickael , Fefeu Mylene , Acquaviva Eric , Delorme Richard , Bucci Maria Pia
Published: June 2024

Aim: The aim was to evaluate the effect of body actions on learning process, particularly semantic memory capabilities in drug-naïve children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Method: Thirty children had to listen to a story which was repeated three times in a row and then a fourth time five minutes later. After each listen, the child was asked what she/he remembered from the story. The whole sample was split randomly into three subgroups of equal IQ (mean 102.2 ± 12.7), age (mean age 8 ± 0.6 years), sex (ratio female to male 1:5) and severity of ADHD symptoms (34.2 ± 7.4); a G1 “Freeze” subgroup, which implied listening to the story while sitting on a chair without moving; a G2 “Minimal” subgroup, which implied listening to the story while sitting on a chair but free movement was allowed; a G3 “Prescribed movement” subgroup, which implied listening to the story standing up, while copying the experimenter movements that mimicked the actions told in the story. Results: Although our sample was limited in size, interestingly, children in the G3 subgroup showed the highest short-term semantic memory retention compared to G1. In all subgroups, repetition allowed an increase in performance. Conclusions: Our exploratory findings stress the positive role of movement in children with ADHD to increase semantic memorization. Hyperactivity may counteract the deficit of memorization related to attention impairment in children with ADHD. Our results may encourage parents or teachers to allow children with ADHD to move around during short-term memory-retention tasks.
Factors Predicting In-School and Electronic Bullying among High School Students in the United States: An Analysis of the 2021 Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance System
Authors: Nguyen Tran H. , Shah Gulzar H. , Kaur Ravneet , Muzamil Maham , Ikhile Osaremhen , Ayangunna Elizabeth
Published: June 2024

Background: Bullying is a global public health problem with severe adverse effects on behavioral health. Understanding the predictors of victimization by bullying is essential for public policy initiatives to respond to the problem effectively. In addition to traditional in-person bullying, electronic bullying has become more prevalent due to increasing social interaction and identity formation in virtual communities. This study aims to determine the predictors of in-school and electronic bullying. Methods: We employed multivariable logistic regression to analyze a nationally representative sample of 17,232 high school students in the United States, the 2021 Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance System national component. The survey was conducted during the COVID-19 pandemic, from September through December 2021. The factors examined included sociodemographic characteristics (age, gender, race), appearance (obesity), physically active lifestyles (being physically active, spending a long time on digital games), and risk-taking behavior (using marijuana). Results: Our results indicated that sociodemographic characteristics were strong predictors of being bullied in school and electronically. Being obese is more likely to result in bullying in school (AOR = 1.32, p = 0.003) and electronically (AOR = 1.30, p = 0.004). Adolescent students showing marijuana use had higher odds of being bullied in school (AOR = 2.15, p < 0.001) and electronically (AOR = 1.81, p < 0.001). While spending a long time on digital devices raises the risk of being electronically bullied (AOR = 1.25, p = 0.014), being physically active is not associated with being bullied. Neither of the two lifestyle factors was associated with in-school bullying. Conclusions: Interventions addressing violence among adolescents can benefit from empirical evidence of risk factors for bullying victimization in high school.
Complications and Outcomes of Surgically Treated Pediatric Supracondylar Humerus Fractures
Authors: Hahn Sebastian G. , Schuller Andrea , Pichler Lorenz , Hohensteiner Anna , Sator Thomas , Bamer Oskar , Chocholka Britta , Jaindl Manuela , Schwendenwein Elisabeth , Parajuli Bikash , Rapole Sanika , Tiefenboeck Thomas , Payr Stephan
Published: June 2024

This study describes the outcome of supracondylar humerus fractures in children using crossed K-wires after closed or open reduction with the medial, lateral or bilateral approach. Patients treated between January 2000 and December 2019 were classified according to the Von Laer classification, complications were classified according to the Sink classification and clinical outcomes were classified according to modified Flynn criteria. In total, 364 patients with a mean age of 5.23 ± 2.45 years were included. The majority were type IV fractures (156; 42.9%) and 94 (60.3%) needed an open reduction for which the medial approach (53; 56.4%) was predominantly used. Overall, of 50 complications (31 using closed reduction, 19 open reduction), 17/50 (34%) needed revision surgery. An excellent clinical outcome was achieved in 348/364 (95.6%) patients. The approach used for open reduction as such had no influence on the complication rate or clinical outcome. For severely displaced fractures, the data showed that an open approach for crossed K-wires tended to result in fewer complications and better clinical outcomes than a closed reduction. If an open reduction is indicated, the required approach (medial, lateral or bilateral) should be primarily selected according to the requirements of the fracture pattern and eventual cosmetic considerations.
The Role of Microbiota-Related Co-Metabolites in MASLD Progression: A Narrative Review
Authors: Martin-Grau Maria , Monleón Daniel
Published: June 2024

Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) represents a growing health concern due to its increasing prevalence worldwide. Metabolic homeostasis encompasses the stable internal conditions vital for efficient metabolism. This equilibrium extends to the intestinal microbiota, whose metabolic activities profoundly influence overall metabolic balance and organ health. The metabolites derived from the gut microbiota metabolism can be defined as microbiota-related co-metabolites. They serve as mediators between the gut microbiota and the host, influencing various physiological processes. The recent redefinition of the term MASLD has highlighted the metabolic dysfunction that characterize the disease. Metabolic dysfunction encompasses a spectrum of abnormalities, including impaired glucose regulation, dyslipidemia, mitochondrial dysfunction, inflammation, and accumulation of toxic byproducts. In addition, MASLD progression has been linked to dysregulation in the gut microbiota and associated co-metabolites. Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), hippurate, indole derivatives, branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs), and bile acids (BAs) are among the key co-metabolites implicated in MASLD progression. In this review, we will unravel the relationship between the microbiota-related metabolites which have been associated with MASLD and that could play an important role for developing effective therapeutic interventions for MASLD and related metabolic disorders.
Safety of Exposure to 0.2 T and 4 Hz Rotating Magnetic Field: A Ten-Month Study on C57BL/6 Mice
Authors: Yang Hua , Han Yu , Zhou Cai , Nie Shenglan , Li Mengqing , Yu Qinyao , Wei Yunpeng , Wang Xiaomei
Published: June 2024

Amidst the burgeoning interest in rotating magnetic fields (RMF) within biological research, there remains a notable gap in the scientific evidence concerning the long-term safety of RMF. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the safety of protracted exposure to a 0.2 T, 4 Hz RMF over 10 months in mice. Two-month-old female C57BL/6 mice were randomly allocated to either the RMF group (exposed to 0.2 T, 4 Hz real RMF) or the SHAM group (exposed to 0 T, 4 Hz sham RMF). Throughout the experiment, the murine weekly body weights were recorded, and their behavioral traits were assessed via open field tests. In the final month, a comprehensive evaluation of the murine overall health was conducted, encompassing analyses of blood parameters, histomorphological examination of major organs, and skeletal assessments using X-ray and micro-CT imaging. The murine immune system and lipid metabolism were evaluated through immunochip analysis and metabolomics. Notably, no discernible adverse effects with RMF exposure were observed. Murine body weight, locomotor behavior, organ histomorphology, and skeletal health remained unaffected by RMF. Blood analysis revealed subtle changes in hormone and lipid levels between the SHAM and RMF groups, yet these differences did not reach statistical significance. Moreover, RMF led to elevated serum interleukin-28 (IL-28) levels, albeit within the normal range, and modest alterations in serum lipid metabolites. Conclusively, mice exposed to the 0.2 T, 4 Hz RMF for 10 months displayed no significant signs of chronic toxicity, indicating its potential clinical application as a physical therapy.
Implications of a De Novo Variant in the SOX12 Gene in a Patient with Generalized Epilepsy, Intellectual Disability, and Childhood Emotional Behavioral Disorders
Authors: Treccarichi Simone , Calì Francesco , Vinci Mirella , Ragalmuto Alda , Musumeci Antonino , Federico Concetta , Costanza Carola , Bottitta Maria , Greco Donatella , Saccone Salvatore , Elia Maurizio
Published: June 2024

SRY-box transcription factor (SOX) genes, a recently discovered gene family, play crucial roles in the regulation of neuronal stem cell proliferation and glial differentiation during nervous system development and neurogenesis. Whole exome sequencing (WES) in patients presenting with generalized epilepsy, intellectual disability, and childhood emotional behavioral disorder, uncovered a de novo variation within SOX12 gene. Notably, this gene has never been associated with neurodevelopmental disorders. No variants in known genes linked with the patient’s symptoms have been detected by the WES Trio analysis. To date, any MIM phenotype number associated with intellectual developmental disorder has not been assigned for SOX12. In contrast, both SOX4 and SOX11 genes within the same C group (SoxC) of the Sox gene family have been associated with neurodevelopmental disorders. The variant identified in the patient here described was situated within the critical high-mobility group (HMG) functional site of the SOX12 protein. This domain, in the Sox protein family, is essential for DNA binding and bending, as well as being responsible for transcriptional activation or repression during the early stages of gene expression. Sequence alignment within SoxC (SOX12, SOX4 and SOX11) revealed a high conservation rate of the HMG region. The in silico predictive analysis described this novel variant as likely pathogenic. Furthermore, the mutated protein structure predictions unveiled notable changes with potential deleterious effects on the protein structure. The aim of this study is to establish a correlation between the SOX12 gene and the symptoms diagnosed in the patient.
Hereditary Gastrointestinal Tumor Syndromes: When Risk Comes with Your Genes
Authors: Fernández Aceñero María Jesús , Díaz del Arco Cristina
Published: June 2024

Despite recent campaigns for screening and the latest advances in cancer therapy and molecular biology, gastrointestinal (GI) neoplasms remain among the most frequent and lethal human tumors. Most GI neoplasms are sporadic, but there are some well-known familial syndromes associated with a significant risk of developing both benign and malignant GI tumors. Although some of these entities were described more than a century ago based on clinical grounds, the increasing molecular information obtained with high-throughput techniques has shed light on the pathogenesis of several of them. The vast amount of information gained from next-generation sequencing has led to the identification of some high-risk genetic variants, although others remain to be discovered. The opportunity for genetic assessment and counseling in these families has dramatically changed the management of these syndromes, though it has also resulted in significant psychological distress for the affected patients, especially those with indeterminate variants. Herein, we aim to summarize the most relevant hereditary cancer syndromes involving the stomach and colon, with an emphasis on new molecular findings, novel entities, and recent changes in the management of these patients.
In Silico Approach: Anti-Tuberculosis Activity of Caespitate in the H37Rv Strain
Authors: Moreno-Ceballos Andrea , Caballero Norma A. , Castro María Eugenia , Perez-Aguilar Jose Manuel , Mammino Liliana , Melendez Francisco J.
Published: June 2024

Tuberculosis is a highly lethal bacterial disease worldwide caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb). Caespitate is a phytochemical isolated from Helichrysum caespititium, a plant used in African traditional medicine that shows anti-tubercular activity, but its mode of action remains unknown. It is suggested that there are four potential targets in Mtb, specifically in the H37Rv strain: InhA, MabA, and UGM, enzymes involved in the formation of Mtb’s cell wall, and PanK, which plays a role in cell growth. Two caespitate conformational structures from DFT conformational analysis in the gas phase (GC) and in solution with DMSO (CS) were selected. Molecular docking calculations, MM/GBSA analysis, and ADME parameter evaluations were performed. The docking results suggest that CS is the preferred caespitate conformation when interacting with PanK and UGM. In both cases, the two intramolecular hydrogen bonds characteristic of caespitate’s molecular structure were maintained to achieve the most stable complexes. The MM/GBSA study confirmed that PanK/caespitate and UGM/caespitate were the most stable complexes. Caespitate showed favorable pharmacokinetic characteristics, suggesting rapid absorption, permeability, and high bioavailability. Additionally, it is proposed that caespitate may exhibit antibacterial and antimonial activity. This research lays the foundation for the design of anti-tuberculosis drugs from natural sources, especially by identifying potential drug targets in Mtb.
Validation of Selected MicroRNA Transcriptome Data in the Bovine Corpus Luteum during Early Pregnancy by RT-qPCR
Authors: Gecaj Rreze M. , Behluli Behlul , Youngs Curtis R.
Published: June 2024

In cattle, the corpus luteum (CL) is pivotal in maintaining early pregnancy by secreting progesterone. To establish pregnancy, the conceptus produces interferon-τ, preventing luteolysis and initiating the transformation of the CL spurium into a CL verum. Although this transformation is tightly regulated, limited data are available on the expression of microRNAs (miRNAs) during and after this process. To address this gap, we re-analyzed previously published RNA-Seq data of CL from pregnant cows and regressed CL from non-pregnant cows. This analysis identified 44 differentially expressed miRNAs. From this pool, three miRNAs—bta-miR-222-3p, bta-miR-29c, and bta-miR-2411-3p—were randomly selected for relative quantification. Using bovine ovaries (n = 14) obtained from an abattoir, total RNA (including miRNAs) was extracted and converted to cDNA for RT-qPCR. The results revealed that bta-miR-222-3p was downregulated (p = 0.016) in pregnant females compared to non-pregnant cows with regressed CL. However, no differences in miRNA expression were observed between CL of pregnant and non-pregnant cows for bta-miR-29c (p > 0.32) or bta-miR-2411-3p (p > 0.60). In silico prediction approaches indicated that these miRNAs are involved in pathways regulating pregnancy maintenance, such as the VEGF- and FoxO-signaling pathways. Additionally, their biogenesis is regulated by GABPA and E2F4 transcription factors. The validation of selected miRNA expression in the CL during pregnancy by RT-qPCR provides novel insights that could potentially lead to the identification of biomarkers related to CL physiology and pregnancy outcome.
Quantifying Drought Impacts Based on the Reliability–Resiliency–Vulnerability Framework over East Africa
Authors: Babaousmail Hassen , Ayugi Brian Odhiambo , Hammad Zulfiqar , Alupot Donnata , Posset Kokou Romaric , Mumo Richard , Rajasekar Adharsh
Published: June 2024

Drought poses a significant threat to water resources in East Africa, necessitating a comprehensive assessment of its impacts for effective mitigation strategies. This study utilizes two global gridded SPEI datasets to analyze drought characteristics (i.e., frequency, duration, and severity) in East Africa from 1981 to 2021. To estimate the sustainability of water resources over the region, the study employed the Reliability–Resiliency–Vulnerability framework (RRV) that aggregates the drought characteristics (i.e., frequency, duration, and severity). Drought is deemed to have occurred when the SPEI value falls below −1, so the threshold for water demand (RRV) is also computed at a threshold level of −1. The findings indicate pronounced changes in drought patterns across East Africa, with evidence of varying degrees of recovery and resilience in different regions. Employing the RRV framework over the East Africa region to determine how the region can cope with the effects of drought revealed a median range of RRV of 0.61 to 0.80, indicating a sustainable situation during the study period. This indicates that despite the recorded drought incidences, the water catchments of lakes, rivers, and major water towers are not threatened and, thus, less vulnerable. Although certain regions exhibit declining resilience and vulnerability to drought impacts, there is a need for targeted mitigation measures and policy interventions to safeguard water resources.
The Impact of Sleep on Haematological Parameters in Firefighters
Authors: Alves Sara , Silva Francisca , Esteves Filipa , Costa Solange , Slezakova Klara , Alves Maria , Pereira Maria , Teixeira João , Morais Simone , Fernandes Adília , Queiroga Felisbina , Vaz Josiana
Published: June 2024

Sleep is a vital process that impacts biological functions such as cell renewal, bone regeneration, and immune system support. Disrupted sleep can interrupt erythropoiesis, leading to fewer red blood cells, reduced haemoglobin concentration, and decreased haematocrit levels, potentially contributing to haematological disorders. This is particularly concerning for shift workers for example firefighters. While previous studies have explored sleep’s adverse effects on various professions, research specific to firefighters is limited. This study investigates the relationship between sleep quality and haematological parameters among firefighters in Northeast Portugal. From a sample of 201 firefighters, variations in red blood cells, haemoglobin, and haematocrit values were linked to sleep quality. The study utilised non-parametric tests (Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney, Spearman’s correlation) to explore the connection between sleep quality and haematological profile. The impact of covariates on haematological parameters was assessed using non-parametric ANCOVA (Quade’s). A multiple regression analysis was employed to further understand how sleep quality and various confounding variables impact haematological levels. Findings suggest a negative link between sleep quality and haematological levels, meaning that as sleep quality deteriorates, there is a tendency for haematological levels to decrease, as indicated by Spearman’s correlation (rRBC = −0.157, pRBC = 0.026; rHb = −0.158, pHb = 0.025; rHCT = −0.175, pHCT = 0.013). As observed in scientific literature, the correlation found suggests a possible inhibition of erythropoiesis, the process responsible for red blood cell production. Despite firefighters presenting a haematological profile within the reference range (RBC: 5.1 × 106/mm3 (SD ± 0.4), Hb: 15.6 g/dL (SD ± 1.3), 47% (SD ± 1.0), there is already an observable trend towards lower levels. The analysis of co-variables did not reveal a significant impact of sleep quality on haematological levels. In conclusion, this study underscores the importance of sleep quality in determining haematological parameters among firefighters. Future research should investigate the underlying mechanisms and long-term implications of poor sleep quality on firefighter health. Exploring interventions to enhance sleep quality is vital for evidence-based strategies promoting firefighter well-being.
Research on Micro-Triangular Pyramid Array-Based Fly-Cutting Technology Using the Orthogonal Test Method
Authors: Gao Jiashun , Lei Yu , Xu Zhilong
Published: June 2024

The copper mold of the micro-triangular pyramid (MTP) is a key component of MTP plastic film manufacturing, and its optical functional surface comprises micro-triangular pyramid arrays (MTPAs). The edge burrs of MTPAs severely affect the optical properties of MTP plastic film. To solve the problem of excessive edge burr of MTPA machining using the fly-cutting method, the orthogonal experimental method was used to optimize the four influencing factors: fly-cutting speed, feed speed, cutting depth, and cooling mode. The results show that the impact of these influencing factors on surface roughness, the projected area of the exit edge burr, and exit edge burr thickness are ranked from largest to the smallest as follows: fly-cutting speed, feed speed, cutting depth, and cooling mode. The factors affecting tool nose wear in descending order are fly-cutting speed, feed speed, cooling mode, and cutting depth. The optimal conditions for minimizing the thickness of the edge burr were a fly-cutting speed of 7.85 m/s, a feed speed of 50 mm/min, a finishing cutting depth of 15 μm, and using compressed air with oil mist for cooling. This study lays a foundation for improving the anti-reflection performance of MTP plastic film.
Emotions, Risk Perception and Preventive Behavior during the COVID-19 Pandemic: The Mediating Role of Media Use
Authors: Shahrabani Shosh , Garyn-Tal Sharon
Published: June 2024

As a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, media consumption has begun playing a more significant role in shaping public perceptions and well-being. The current study examines the effects of risk perception, economic situation, and negative emotions during the COVID-19 pandemic on preventive behaviors, while focusing on the mediating role of media exposure levels. An online survey was conducted during the 2020 outbreak of COVID-19 in Israel. SEM analysis results show that during the pandemic, media exposure increased with negative emotions levels, increased with higher exposure to the pandemic and increased as the economic impact of the pandemic increased. In addition, preventive behavior increased with media exposure. Moreover, the media exposure variable was found to mediate the effect of negative emotions and of the perceived risk of being infected with coronavirus on preventive behavior. Implications for government policy are discussed.
Effect of SARS-CoV-2 Infection on Renal and Hepatic Function after NSAID and Paracetamol Therapy
Authors: Pahud de Mortanges Aurélie , Liakoni Evangelia , Schöning Verena , Hammann Felix
Published: June 2024

NSAIDs and paracetamol are commonly used as antipyretic treatments, which may impair renal and hepatic function, respectively. Both organ systems are also negatively affected by COVID-19. In two retrospective case–control studies, we investigated whether COVID-19 is a risk factor for the development of renal or hepatic function impairment after NSAID and paracetamol use, respectively. In the NSAID study, we defined cases as patients with a decrease of ≥15% in the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR). We matched them using a 1:2 ratio with controls who did not show a decrease in the eGFR. For the paracetamol study, we matched patients with ALT or ALP ≥ 3x, the upper limits of normal, using a 1:3 ratio with controls whose liver enzymes did not increase. In both studies, we selected demographic data, comorbidities, drug doses, and laboratory values as predictors in addition to SARS-CoV-2 test status. We applied different machine learning models to predict renal and hepatic function impairment. From the cohort of 12,263 unique adult inpatients, we found 288 cases of renal function impairment, which were matched with 576 controls, and 213 cases of liver function impairment, which were matched with 639 controls. In both case–control studies, testing positive for SARS-CoV-2 was not an independent risk factor for the studied adverse drug effects.
Rock Surface Colonization by Groundwater Microorganisms in an Aquifer System in Quebec, Canada
Authors: Patel Divya , Blouin Vincent , Kirkpatrick Jamie , Lazar Cassandre Sara
Published: June 2024

Aquifers are rich in microbial diversity. However, there is a lack of information about sessile communities in these environments because of the difficulty in sampling fresh in situ rock surfaces. Thus, this study’s objective was to better understand the sessile community in a fractured aquifer. Additionally, the impact of the rock mineral composition on microbial community composition during colonization was explored. Using a system of bioreactors, we recreated the environmental conditions of a 1.5 m deep aquifer in Covey Hill (QC, Canada) using groundwater samples collected from the site. We carried out 16S/18S rRNA amplicon sequencing of the water and sessile communities after 24 days of incubation. Our data showed that many microbial taxa overlapped between the sessile and planktonic communities, indicating colonization of the solid surfaces. Quartz and feldspar had a significant impact on bacterial community structure. Sessile communities were dominated by Gaillonella, Alkanindiges, unclassified Acetobacteraceae, Apoikiales, Glissomonadida, and Synurales. We could not detect any Archaea in the sessile community. The sessile communities contained bacterial genera involved in iron cycling and adapted to acidic and low-carbon-concentration environments. Eukaryotic predators dominated the sessile community.
Advancements in Camel Milk Drying Technology: A Comprehensive Review of Methods, Chemical Composition, and Nutritional Preservation
Authors: Rakhmatulina Ayaulym , Dikhanbayeva Fatima , Tlevlessova Dinara , Zagorska Jelena , Aralbayev Nurbek , Majore Kristine , Yessenova Aidana
Published: June 2024

With interest in camel milk growing due to its nutrients and biologically active compounds, research into methods of processing and drying it is crucial. In recent decades, extensive studies have explored its chemical composition and health benefits with a focus on drying techniques and their effects on its properties. This review systematically summarizes the available literature on camel milk drying processes and their effects on its chemical composition with a view to shortening the drying time. To achieve this goal, we meticulously reviewed numerous studies published between 2014 and 2024 to identify optimal drying methods that maximize the preservation of camel milk’s nutrient components and bioactive compounds. Our analysis revealed significant findings: freeze drying preserves nutrients better than spray drying, but is less efficient. Spray drying, while faster, tends to compromise some nutritional values. Conclusively, optimizing drying parameters can improve production efficiency and nutrient retention.
Gender Distribution of Scientific Prizes Is Associated with Naming of Awards after Men, Women or Neutral
Authors: Gehmlich Katja , Krause Stefan
Published: June 2024

Woman scientists have for long been under-represented as recipients of academic prizes. The reasons for this lack of recognition are manifold, including potential gender bias amongst award panels and nomination practices. This dataset of the gender distribution of 8747 recipients of 345 scientific medals and prizes awarded by 11 General Scientific Societies as well as subject-specific societies in the Earth and Environmental Sciences and in Cardiology between 1731 and 2021 explores the magnitude, temporal trends and potential drivers of observed gender imbalances. Our analysis revealed women were particularly underrepresented in awards named after men with awards not named after a person or named after a woman being more frequently awarded to woman scientists. Time-series analysis confirmed persisting trends that are only starting to change since the early 2000s, indicating that a lot remains to be accomplished to achieve true equity. We encourage the scientific community to extend our data and analysis, as they represent important evidence of the recognition of academic achievements towards other under-represented groups and including also nomination information.
Synergistic Solutions: Exploring Clotrimazole’s Potential in Prostate and Bladder Cancer Cell Lines
Authors: Pereira Mariana , Vale Nuno
Published: June 2024

Clotrimazole (CLZ), traditionally an antifungal agent, unveils promising avenues in cancer therapy, particularly in addressing bladder and prostate cancers. In vitro assessments underscore its remarkable efficacy as a standalone treatment, significantly diminishing cancer cell viability. Mechanistically, CLZ operates through multifaceted pathways, including the inhibition of Ca2+-dependent K+ channels, suppression of glycolysis-related enzymes, and modulation of the ERK-p65 signaling cascade, thus underscoring its potential as a versatile therapeutic agent. Our investigation sheds light on intriguing observations regarding the resilience of UM-UC-5 bladder cancer cells against high doses of paclitaxel (PTX), potentially attributed to heightened levels of the apoptosis-regulating protein Mcl-1. However, synergistic studies demonstrate that the combination of Doxorubicin (DOXO) and CLZ emerges as particularly potent, especially in prostate cancer contexts. This effectiveness could be associated with the inhibition of drug efflux mediated by multidrug resistance-associated protein 1 (MRP1), underscoring the importance of exploring combination therapies in cancer treatment paradigms. In essence, our findings shed light on the anticancer potential of CLZ, emphasizing the significance of tailored approaches considering specific cancer types and molecular pathways in drug repurposing endeavors. While further validation and clinical exploration are warranted, the insights gleaned from this study offer promising prospects for enhancing cancer therapy efficacy.
Marine Applications and Design of High-Efficiency Small-Scale Gas Turbines
Authors: Barsi Dario , Frezza Luciano , Satta Francesca , Luan Yigang , Zunino Pietro
Published: June 2024

In today’s era of heightened environmental awareness, industries and means of transport are under increasing pressure to minimize their ecological footprint. In particular, small-scale power plants for the marine sector pose environmental challenges due to their pollutant emissions. One promising technology to address this purpose is represented by small-scale gas turbines. In this work, the design of a radial turbine and a centrifugal compressor for a 5 MW engine to be employed onboard ships is developed. After a one-dimensional design, the project involves the aerodynamic and structural design optimization of the two machines using fluid dynamic and structural simulation software. The final configuration obtained by the optimization process and its performance are analyzed, demonstrating that the use of a radial architecture for the construction of a 5 MW small gas-turbine assembly for marine propulsion is feasible. Both the compressor and the turbine optimization procedures led to final values of polytropic efficiencies that were three percentage points larger than the first-guess design machine values, simultaneously allowing for reductions in stress usage factors by more than 38% and 32% for the compressor and the turbine, respectively.
Clinical Implications and Management of Spontaneous Portosystemic Shunts in Liver Cirrhosis
Authors: Juncu Simona , Minea Horia , Girleanu Irina , Huiban Laura , Muzica Cristina , Chiriac Stefan , Timofeiov Sergiu , Mihai Florin , Cojocariu Camelia , Stanciu Carol , Trifan Anca , Singeap Ana-Maria
Published: June 2024

Portal hypertension from chronic liver disease leads to the formation of collateral blood vessels called spontaneous portosystemic shunts (SPSS). These shunts may form from existing vessels or through neo-angiogenesis. Their location affects clinical outcomes due to varying risks and complications. This review summarizes current knowledge on SPSS, covering their clinical impact and management strategies. Recent data suggest that SPSS increases the risk of variceal bleeding, regardless of shunt size. The size of the shunt is crucial in the rising incidence of hepatic encephalopathy (HE) linked to SPSS. It also increases the risk of portopulmonary hypertension and portal vein thrombosis. Detecting and assessing SPSS rely on computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging. CT enables precise measurements and the prediction of cirrhosis progression. Management focuses on liver disease progression and SPSS-related complications, like HE, variceal bleeding, and portopulmonary hypertension. Interventional radiology techniques such as balloon-occluded, plug-assisted, and coil-assisted retrograde transvenous obliteration play a pivotal role. Surgical options are rare but are considered when other methods fail. Liver transplantation (LT) often resolves SPSS. Intraoperative SPSS ligation is still recommended in patients at high risk for developing HE or graft hypoperfusion.