bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
REPERCUSSÕES CLÍNICAS EM CRIANÇAS COM TRANSTORNO DO ESPECTRO AUTISTA: RELATO DE EXPERIÊNCIA
Authors: Da Silva Carlos Henrique Pinheiro , Dixon Daniel Gregório Nunes , Lopes Graciana de Sousa
Published: December 2023

Objetivo: Descrever os desafios associados à criança com Transtorno do Espectro Autista. Metodologia: O método empregado para o desenvolvimento dessa pesquisa será o de caráter descritivo, exploratório, do tipo relato de experiência, fundamentada na abordagem qualitativa, por poder proporcionar e constituir respeitável subsídios à investigação em Ciências Sociais, mesmo reconhecendo as limitações que esse tipo de abordagem pode apresentar. Resultados: Durante a vivência foi possível observar que o tratamento se baseia exclusivamente em uso de técnicas comportamentais, assim como a realização de terapia, que de certa forma possibilitou a reinserção da criança no meio social, de modo a contribuir para melhorias em suas funções motoras, possibilitando uma maior independência. Conclusão: Através da experiência, compreendeu-se as dificuldades enfrentadas pelos familiares desde o momento do diagnóstico, até o início das intervenções, as quais ainda geram muitas dúvidas aos pais, pois não são frequentemente descritas, tornando tudo mais complicado, bem como, da importância de capacitações voltadas para o atendimento do profissional enfermeiro a estas crianças.
Epidemiology of bovine herpes virus-1 under different housing practices in cattle breeding stations
Authors: CHANDRANAIK B M , RATHNAMMA D , PATIL S S , RANGANATHA S , KOVI RAMESH C , AKHILA D S , ISLOOR SHRIKRISHNA , RENUKAPRASAD C , PRABHUDAS K
Published: December 2023

Present paper describes the dynamics of bovine herpes virus-1(BoHV-1) in breeding cattle under different housing, feeding and watering practices. Organized breeding farms A, B, C, D were selected for this study. In farm A, the animals were housed in large open shed with common grazing and drinking area. Farm B had individual pens with separate feeding facility but with common watering/drinking facility. Farm C had had individual pens, with separate feeding and drinking facility for each animal. Farm D possessed modern individual housing system with separate feeding, drinking facility, restricted personnel entry and better bio-security set up. The blood and semen samples / vaginal swabs were collected from 177 animals. Avidin- biotin ELISA recorded BoHV-1 antibodies in 56, 38.77, 21.05 and 17.5% animals in farm A, B, C and D respectively. A TaqMan probe real time PCR targeting the BoHV-1 gB gene was standardised and this assay detected BoHV-1 in 11, 3 and 3 animals in Farm A, B and C respectively. None of the samples collected from Farm D were positive for BoHV-1 by real time PCR. The study recorded higher seroprevalence as well as virus transmission in farms that had housing systems allowing closer animal to animal contacts. In view of the different modes adopted by BoHV-1 in transmission through susceptible populations, the study recommends better bio-secured housing systems that avoid closer animal to animal contacts, for production of BoHV-1 free semen and calves at breeding stations.
Isolation and genotypic characterization of rotavirus
Authors: DUBAL Z B , BHILEGAONKAR K N , KOLHE R P , KAUR SIMRANPREET , RAWAT SHRIYA , SHAKUNTALA I , VAIDYA V M
Published: December 2023

Two out of 12 fecal samples from children were found to be positive for rotavirus. Both the strains of rotaviruses were successfully isolated on MA 104 cell line where characteristic CPE was observed after 3 passages. The presence of virus was confirmed by SDS-PAGE and RT-PCR. Genotypic characterization was carried out by amplification of VP7 and VP4 genes followed by 2 separate multiplex PCR for G genotyping and another 2 for P genotyping using genotype specific primers. These isolates were characterized as G1P[6] and G11P[8] by RT-PCR and confirmed by nucleotide sequencing. Epidemiological investigation in the field need to be performed continuously at molecular level to ascertain whether G11P[8] specificity will predominate in human, and also to know the nucleotide exchange between porcine and human strains of rotavirus. Such type of emergence of noval strains may lead to change or update of exhisting anti-rotaviral vaccine component strains. Therefore, proper molecular epidemiological investigation is required not only in humans but also in animals.
Epidemiological aspects of gastro-intestinal parasites in buffalo in Bhola, Bangladesh
Authors: BISWAS HIRANMOY , DEY ANITA RANI , BEGUM NURJAHAN , DAS PRIYA MOHAN
Published: December 2023

A survey was conducted to investigate the prevalence of parasitic infections of buffalo in Bhola district from September 2011 to August 2012. Out of 497 examined buffaloes 419 (84.90%) were found infected with gastro- intestinal parasites. Thirteen (13) species of gastro-intestinal parasites were identified, of them 4 species were trematodes (Fasciola gigantica (25.40%), Paramphistomum cervi (41.40%), Schistosoma indicum (5.80%), Schistosoma spindale (2.40%)); 6 species of nematodes (Haemonchus contortus (9.70%), Toxocara vitulorum (3.0%), Trichuris ovis (3.0%), Strongyles (0.80%), Strongyloides papillosus (2.0%), Capillaria sp. (0.40%)), 1 species of cestode (Moniezia expansa (0.60%)), and 2 species protozoa (Eimeria zuernii (7.0%) and Buxtonella sulcata (37.40%)). In this study, prevalence of gastro-intestinal parasites in relation to age, sex, seasonal dynamics and nutritional status of the animal were studied. Significantly higher prevalence was observed in summer (84.30%) followed by rainy (83.62%) and winter (81.16%). Females (87.53%) were 1.20 times more susceptible to gastro- intestinal parasitic infection than males (84.37%). In age group, significantly higher prevalence was in adult (88.81%) followed by young (83.45%) and calves (68.05%). In nutritional status group, significantly higher rate of infection was in poor conditioned buffalo (96.61%) than that in medium body conditioned buffalo (75.51%). Egg per gram/ cyst per gram/oocyst per gram of feces was also determined and ranged from 100–1,600. The present study has not emphasized on the losses due to parasitic infection. So it is necessary to assess the economic losses due to parasitic infections and to find out effective control strategies against it.
Distribution of births within a day in Anatolian Merino Sheep
Authors: KARABACAK A , ZULKADIR U
Published: December 2023

This research was conducted to investigate the relevance of lamb sex, birth type and birth rate on birth distribution within the 24 h daily cycle in Anatolian Merino sheep. The aim is to find solutions to problems that could arise in this subject. Birth records from 981 ewes and their 1,175 lambs from 2010–2011 were used for the study. The twin birth rate was 19.78% and the females were 54.54% and males 45.46%. The percentage of lambs born between 22: 01 and 04: 00, 04: 01 and 10:00, 10: 01 and 16: 00, and 16: 01 and 22: 00 was 25.99%, 29.36%, 25.57% and 20.08% respectively. For sheep giving birth for the first time, the highest birth rate (27.18%) was between 04: 01 and 10: 00, while for sheep giving birth for the second, third or fourth time the percentages were 28.88, 31.78 and 29.26%, respectively, and the births occurred at the same time. In the study, 53.93% of births took place during daylight hours while 46.07% of births took place at night. The percentage of births between 22: 00 and 04: 00 was 25.99%.
Efficacy of zinc in amelioration of aflatoxicosis in broiler chickens
Authors: SHARMA MAMTA , SINGH RAM , MANDAL A B , GUPTA VIVEK PRASAD
Published: December 2023

In the present study the effect of zinc supplementation in ameliorating aflatoxicosis in broiler chickens was studied. Day-old broiler chicks (240) were divided into 6 treatment groups containing 5 replicates of 8 birds each (T1–control; T2- T1+ 250 ppb AFB1; T3- T1+ 20 mg Zn/kg; T4- T1+ 40 mg Zn/kg; T5– T2 + 20 mg Zn/kg; T6- T2 + 40 mg Zn/kg diet) and the experiment was conducted from day 1 to 42 days of age. During overall growth period (0–6 weeks), the weight gain of broilers in control (T1) was 1,341.90 g as against 1,123.43 g in aflatoxin (AF) fed group (T2) which was significantly lower. The body weight gain (BWG) in T3, T4 and T6 was statistically similar to that of control, however the BWG in T5 was higher than T2 but could not match with that of control (T1). Supplementation of 40 mg Zn/kg in AF contaminated diet significantly improved the BWG. The overall feed intake (FI) in groups (T3, T4, T5 and T6) was statistically similar to that of control group, however, the FI in group T2 was significantly reduced compared to control. The overall FCR in AF fed group (T2) was higher than that of control. The FCR in all other treatment groups was statistically similar to that of control. AF increased the relative weights of liver and spleen while decreased in weight of bursa. These effects of AF were ameliorated by supplementation of 40 mg Zn/kg feed. It was concluded that aflatoxin contamination (250 ppb) in broiler diet impaired the performance in terms of body weight gain, feed intake and feed conversion efficiency and relative organ weights. Supplementation of 40 mg Zn/kg to the aflatoxin contaminated diet ameliorated the ill effects of aflatoxicosis on performance of the birds.
Medicinal plants as alternative to anthelmintics for livestock : An overview with particular reference to Indian subcontinent
Authors: PATHAK K M L , CHHABRA M B
Published: December 2023

In livestock farming helminthiasis remains a major constraint to productivity, performance and profitability. Anthelmintics have been in use since long to combat the problem, but the emergence of anthelmintic resistance, particularly in gastrointestinal (g.i.) parasites has compelled a relook at alternative control strategies. The application of ethno-veterinary practices and plant derivatives as deworming agents is gaining popularity worldwide. The acceptability of this approach depends on the scientific validation of the plant products for their anthelmintic properties. Several controlled studies recently carried out in the Indian subcontinent, generated a large volume of data on in vitro, in vivo and clinical efficacies of plants and herbs singly and in combination. Most have used internationally accepted guidelines as parameters for evaluation of the candidate plants. The target helminths in these studies belonged to 3 major classes, but gastrointestinal (g.i.) nematodes, liver flukes of ruminants and intestinal worms of poultry were predominant. Active principles and mode of action were identified in majority of plants, which have proven anthelmintic potential. Lately, the use of forages containing condensed tannins, is finding favour in the management of g.i. nematodes in ruminants. A cross-section of recent studies, an overview of the current scenario, and the road ahead, are presented in this review.
Meta-Learning in Computer Vision
Authors: Wang Wen-Feng
Published: December 2023

Early machine learning was not end-to-end, that is, it did not directly input raw data at the input end, but based on human prior knowledge, preprocessed the raw data and used the extracted features as input. So early machine learning was also known as feature engineering. Due to the fact that the input raw data is manually processed before being used to train the model, it is impossible to avoid situations such as incorrect feature selection, inaccurate feature extraction, and even significant deviation in feature calculation results. With the development of machine learning, especially the emergence of multi-layer neural networks, the end-to-end learning process has been achieved, marking the transition of machine learning from feature engineering to representation learning. Deep learning is further developed on this basis. Deep learning models have the ability to learn features. Because by configuring relevant parameters, multi-layer feedforward neural networks can approximate any function. Metalearning belongs to the category of machine learning. The ultimate goal of machine learning algorithm research is to enable machines to have learning abilities that are close to those of humans. This is a very big challenge! The current mainstream machine learning methods, whether classical machine learning theories or more advanced deep learning models, cannot achieve this. The emergence of meta learning is precisely to enable machines to have learning abilities that are close to those of humans. Machine learning theory is evolving from "mechanical memory" to "active learning and application", which is an inevitable trend. Just like a person's pursuit of a student career. At the beginning, we had relatively little consideration for learning methods, mainly relying on the matching of memory and knowledge to complete our preliminary understanding of the world. When the difficulty of knowledge increases, simple memory and matching can no longer meet the needs of learning, we have to start to pay attention to learning methods. This book will provide a learning-to-learn theory for the machine brain, which will help overcome the limitations of existing machine learning algorithms.
O Polimorfismo da Enzima Glicose-6-Fosfatase Desidrogenase (G6PD) no Carcinoma Hepatocelular
Authors: Ribeiro Luiza Matos , Tedeschi Rodrigo Prudêncio , Cosac Livia Maria Della Porta
Published: December 2023

A glicose-6-fosfatase desidrogenase é uma enzima de importante papel bioquímico. Cuja deficiência pode estar relacionada a supressão do crescimento celular, metástase e geração de tumor. Oferecendo expectativa de proteção para o desenvolvimento de alguns carcinomas, como o hepatocelular (CHC), foco desse estudo. Trata-se de uma revisão bibliográfica, de artigos buscados em plataformas digitais e literatura consolidada. Revisando a fisiopatologia do desenvolvimento de CHC, buscando entender como a G6PD e sua deficiência poderiam estar relacionada.
Memória e identidade: “Cabra marcado para morrer”
Authors: Guerra Pedro Jorge Coutinho
Published: December 2023

O clima tenso e violento na zona rural da paraiba, a partir dos anos de 1950 era intenso, ao ponto de tornar-se em um filme documentário. Assim, o presente artigo aborda algumas questões referentes à relevância da memória e identidade daquela gente com base no filme documentário dirigido pelo cineasta Eduardo Coutinho, em que se baseou na vida de João Pedro Teixeira e a Liga Camponesa de Sapé. Para isso, o texto foi discutido em Joël Candau, teórico que aborda as questões da memória e identidade.
A arte como ferramenta de aprendizado para humanização da medicina
Authors: Aragao Jose Aderval , Mendonça Deise Maria Furtado de , Andrade Jéssica Cândido Silva , Aragão Felipe Matheus Sant’anna , Aragão Iapunira Catarina Sant’anna , Feitosa Vera Lúcia Corrêa , Reis Francisco Prado
Published: December 2023

Paciência e empatia são dois importantes requisitos na arte de ensinar. Tal compreensão foi se desenvolvendo em minha mente gradativamente ao longo dos mais de 25 anos dedicados à docência. Diante de toda essa análise, atentei-me para a necessidade de “quebrar o gelo” inicial com os alunos do primeiro período do curso de Medicina, matriculados na disciplina Anatomia I, a qual leciono. Pensei ser necessário promover a interação tanto entre os novos estudantes quanto deles comigo. Mas como eu poderia fazer isso? A resposta veio como uma luz: desenvolver uma atividade extraclasse que focasse o conhecimento sobre questões médicas e de saúde, mas que, também, levantasse discussões e reflexões sobre outros temas associados à medicina, como a humanização.
’n Oorsigtelike ondersoek na die oorweging en toepassing van openbare belang tydens Suid-Afrikaanse samesmeltings en oornames
Authors:   Noordwes-Universiteit, van Wyk Anton , Pretorius Anmar ,   Noordwes-Universiteit, Blaauw Derick ,   Noordwes-Universiteit
Published: December 2023

Opsomming Samesmeltings en oornames (S&O’s) vorm ’n onlosmaaklike deel van die internasionale ekonomiese en ondernemingslandskap. Die nuutste hoëprofieltransaksie in Suid-Afrika is op 9 Maart 2023 aangekondig toe die Mededingingstribunaal die verkryging van Distell deur Heineken goedgekeur het met verskeie voorwaardes (openbarebelang-oorwegings oftewel OBO’s) aan die transaksie gekoppel. Alhoewel die Suid-Afrikaanse Mededingingswet (Wet 89 van 1998) duidelik uitspel watter faktore betreffende openbare belang as deel van die proses oorweeg moet word, is daar geen riglyne of standaarde wat aandui watter faktore in elke spesifieke geval oorweeg moet word nie. Hierdie artikel evalueer gevolglik vorige besluite (2010 tot 2019) aangaande openbare belang in ’n poging om spesifieke tendense te identifiseer en te bepaal watter faktore moontlik die finale besluite beïnvloed. ’n Unieke databasis is deur die outeurs saamgestel om as basis vir die ontledings te dien. Die ontleding is gebaseer op 221 samesmeltings met OBO’s as ’n voorwaarde. Die resultate van die ontleding toon dat gemiddeld sewe uit elke 100 samesmeltings in Suid-Afrika van 2010 tot 2019 aan die een of ander OBO moes voldoen. Internasionale samesmeltings was gedurende dié tydperk oor die algemeen aansienlik meer onderhewig aan OBO’s as hul plaaslike eweknieë. Die vereiste wat bykans deurgaans gestel is, is indiensname. Meer as 80% van die samesmeltings was onderhewig aan indiensnamevereistes. Die aantal samesmeltings met vereistes betreffende swart ekonomiese bemagtiging (SEB), industriële bevordering, indiensneming en ontwikkelingsfondse het oor die algemeen ook toegeneem. Die aantal en omvang van voorwaardes tot internasionale S&O-transaksies het binne drie jaar aansienlik uitgebrei. Dit sluit voorwaardes oor ’n breër aantal sosio-ekonomiese terreine in. Die vraag is egter of dit terreine van die samelewing is waar mededingingsowerhede op so ’n direkte wyse betrokke moet wees. Professor Duncan Reekie (1999) het reeds in 1999 ’n ekonomiese oorsig en evaluering van die nuwe Mededingingswet gepubliseer waarin hy gewaarsku het dat die insluiting van die openbarebelang-klousule tot subjektiewe en buigsame interpretasies kan lei (Reekie 1999). Plaaslike en internasionale ondernemings mag huiwerig wees om samesmeltings te oorweeg weens die onsekere toepassing van die openbarebelang-vereistes. Mededingingsbeleid is dus nie noodwendig die beste opsie om Suid-Afrika se verskeie sosio-ekonomiese probleme aan te spreek nie. Trefwoorde: mededingingsbeleid; nie-mededingingsdoelwitte; openbare belang; samesmeltings
Die boek Habakuk as teodisee en teologiese trauma
Authors:   Universiteit van die Vrystaat, Snyman S.D. (Fanie)
Published: December 2023

Opsomming Daar het in die onlangse verlede ’n belangstelling ontstaan in die ondersoek na die verband tussen ’n ervaring van trauma en tekste in die Ou Testament. In hierdie ondersoek word die profeet Habakuk se ervaring van trauma ondersoek. Dit is ’n veld van ondersoek wat nog braak lê. Na ’n kursoriese oorsig oor wat met die begrip trauma bedoel word ook wanneer dit in die konteks van die Ou Testament gebruik word, word die ondersoek in vier fases metodologies uitgevoer. Die boek word eerstens literêr ondersoek om die samestelling en inhoud daarvan te bepaal. Tweedens word die boek binne ’n bepaalde historiese konteks geplaas. Vir die doeleindes van die ondersoek is daar gekies vir ’n datering kort voor die optrede van die Babiloniërs teen Juda rondom 589–586 v.C. ’n Dominante tema in die boek is die teodiseevraagstuk. Gevolglik word daar ’n ondersoek gedoen na die hantering van teodisee in die boek as die derde fase van die ondersoek. In die vierde fase word ondersoek gedoen na wat genoem word Habakuk se belewing van teologiese trauma. Teologiese trauma is anders as kulturele of kollektiewe trauma en is die term wat hier gemunt is om die omstandigheid of situasie te beskryf wanneer ’n persoon of groep se ervaring van trauma nie klop met die beeld of idee wat hy/sy of hulle van God het nie. Met teologiese trauma word dus bedoel die ervaring of belewing van God se passiwiteit in ’n situasie van trauma en die gevolglike bevraagtekening van God in dié verband. Trauma word in verband gebring met God en daar ontstaan ’n spanning tussen dit wat as traumaties beleef word en God se betrokkenheid al dan nie by die trauma. Habakuk se ervaring van teologiese trauma verdiep algaande in die loop van die boek totdat dit in die laaste drie verse ontlont word wanneer die profeet se aanvanklike vrae aan JHWH verander in ’n jubelkreet ten spyte van ’n mislukte oes. Trefwoorde: geweld; Habakuk; teodisee; teologiese trauma; trauma; traumateorie
Al is my stem gebroke, my asem sonder krag ... Geleefde religie en die werking van die kerklied
Authors:   Universiteit van die Vrystaat, Kloppers Elsabé
Published: December 2023

Opsomming Die krag van kuns, musiek, ontmoetings, religieuse ervarings en spesifiek mense se belewenis van die kerklied in godsdiens wat geleef word (“geleefde religie”), word in hierdie artikel bespreek en verbind met die moontlikheid vir die sangers van ’n lied om daardeur troos en heling te ervaar. Die teoretiese vertrekpunt is die studie van geleefde religie in die vakgebied van die Praktiese Teologie, vanuit ’n estetiese benadering gerig op die kunste. Teologiebeoefening as kuns word ook prakties geïllustreer. ’n Kerklied van die Nederlandse lieddigter Sytze de Vries (gebore 1945), “Zolang wij ademhalen”, word bespreek, met verwysing na die teks, melodie, die woord-toonverhouding, die ontstaansgeskiedenis van die teks, die keuse vir die melodie, agtergrond oor die lieddigter en aspekte van die resepsie van die lied. Die himnologiese gegewens word in narratiewe vorm verweef met ervarings in ’n outobiografiese verhaal: ’n essay of ’n voordrag wat bedoel was om in persoon tydens die 75ste verjaardagviering van die digter gelewer te word. Die fokus is die belewenis van die lied, die verband met religieuse ervaring, die interpretasie van die ervarings en betekenisgewing deur die outeur in ’n bepaalde konteks van verlies tydens die Covid-pandemie – dus geleefde religie. Inleidend word die vakwetenskaplike uitgangspunte aangebied, gevolg deur die essay waarin die himnologiese bespreking geïntegreer is. Eindnotas en verwysings begrond en ondersteun aspekte van die verhaal teologies en himnologies. Aspekte vanuit die musiekpsigologie kom ook ter sprake. Die gevolgtrekking is dat sang in gemeenskap met ander ’n wesenlike rol in mense se lewens kan speel en dat ’n kerklied, verweef met iemand se lewenservaring of kontekstuele situasie, die krag het om troos, hoop en heling te bied. Dit kan mense transformeer en bevry. In verdere ondersoek kan die verhaal in ’n hermeneutiese proses met ander verhale of gevallestudies in verband gebring en geïnterpreteer word om tot verdere gevolgtrekkings rakende geleefde religie, geleefde teologie en die werking van die kerklied te kom. Trefwoorde: asem; belewenis; Covid; ervaring; estetiese benadering; geleefde religie; geloofsliedere; gemeenskap; heling; hermeneutiese interpretasie; hoop; kerklied; kuns; liedtekste; melodie; musiek; narratief; ontstaansgeskiedenis; resepsie; resonans; troos; verhale; vertaling; weerklank; woord-toonverhouding
’n Verkennende studie vir die implementering van ’n nagraadse diploma in taalonderwys by ’n Suid-Afrikaanse hoëronderwysinstelling
Authors:   Akademia, de Vries Annelise , de Jager Nic ,   Akademia, Cloete DJ ,   Akademia, Alberts Monique ,   Akademia, Brits Karien ,   Akademia
Published: December 2023

Opsomming Hierdie verkennende studie bied ’n omvattende oorsig van ’n akademiese oeuvre toegespits op die nagraadse opleiding van taalonderwysers, en die voortdurende praktiese en teoretiese vraagstukke wat met hierdie veld verband hou in die Suid-Afrikaanse hoëronderwyskonteks. Vir die doeleindes van hierdie artikel word daar spesifiek gefokus op die noodsaak vir verdere opleiding in taalonderrig; die beste praktyke oftewel modelle vir taalonderrig; die fasilitering van taalaanleer en -verwerwing oor die kurrikulumraamwerk heen; meertaligheid en diversiteit in die plaaslike taalonderrigkonteks; die gebruik van inligtingstegnologie (IT) in taalonderrig; en laastens die beste praktyke vir assessering van, vir en as leer binne die bestek van die veld. Daar word ’n onderskeid getref tussen die onderrig van ’n eerste taal en ’n addisionele taal, waar daar telkens verwys gaan word na hoofsaaklik Afrikaans, Engels en Sepedi. Op hul beurt kan hierdie fasette van ondersoek ‒ en enige bevindinge wat daaruit voortvloei ‒ hulself leen tot die ontwikkeling van ’n haalbare, betekenisvolle en lewensvatbare program genaamd Nagraadse Diploma (NGDip) in Taalonderwys, met ’n beoogde implementeringsdatum van 2024 by ’n privaat hoëronderwysinstelling, gebaseer in Pretoria. Voortspruitend uit hierdie begrondingsdokument is ’n volwaardige empiriese studie, ’n vraelys vir kwantitatiewe data-ontleding, sowel as ander navorsingsverslae wat die uiteindelike implementering van die program voorloop. Trefwoorde: assessering; hoër onderwys; inligtingstegnologie; meertaligheid; taalonderwysersopleiding; taalonderrig; taalaanleer en -verwerwing
Geslagsgelykheid in opvoedkundige ruimtes en praktyke: ’n feministies-pedagogiese ondersoek
Authors:   Sol Plaatje-universiteit (SPU), Pietersen Doniwen
Published: December 2023

Opsomming Hierdie artikel is ’n konseptuele dokument wat die toenemende geslagsongelykheid in die postdemokrasie Suid-Afrikaanse onderwysomgewing ondersoek. Ek argumenteer dat terme/frases soos feministiese pedagogiek, gelyke kanse en gelyke toegang vir vroue in onderwyspraktyke en ‑ruimtes nie bloot leë frases moet wees nie, maar verstaan moet word as die aftakeling van ongelykheid met betrekking tot ruimtes en praktyke in onderwys om meisies en jong vroue in staat te stel om hul doel in die lewe te vind en hul loopbaanambisies te verwesenlik deur gelyke geleenthede in onderwyspraktyke en -ruimtes te skep. Die konstruksie van transformasionele verandering met gelykheid vir almal as die riglyn lei nie noodwendig tot geslagsgelykheid nie. Hierdie artikel ondersoek krities die insluiting van geslagskwessies wat dikwels in die onderwys deur ’n postkoloniale feministiese lens misgekyk word, as ’n manier om opvoedkundige ruimtes en praktyke te verander met betrekking tot ongelykhede waaraan vroue steeds blootgestel word. Resultate toon dat gemarginaliseerde stemme (dié van wit en swart vroue en LGBTQI+-persone) in ag geneem moet word wanneer opvoedkundige praktyke en ruimtes geskep word en diegene in magsposisies (patriargie) wat steeds as hekwagters optree, moet uitdaag. Trefwoorde: Afrika; aftakeling; dekolonialisering van onderwys; feministiese pedagogiek; koloniale en postkoloniale onderwysstelsels; opvoedkundige ongelykhede; praktyke en ruimtes; Suid-Afrika; verandering
Wat behels ’n lewenslange vonnis? ’n Uiteensetting van die paroolproses in Suid-Afrika, asook moontlike remedies vir misdaadslagoffers wat by dié proses uitgesluit word
Authors:   Akademia, Venter Natasha
Published: December 2023

Opsomming Parool en die paroolproses, asook die konsep van lewenslange gevangenisstraf, is dikwels verwarrend vir die algemene publiek. Onlangse mediaberigte oor slagoffers wat beweer dat hulle nie by die paroolproses betrek is nie, noodsaak ’n verduideliking van die regte van slagoffers van misdade (of hul naasbestaandes) ten opsigte van hierdie proses. Die bydrae ondersoek ook moontlike remedies wat sulke persone kan inspan indien hul reg om deel te neem aan die paroolproses verontagsaam is. Hierdie remedies sluit in ’n aansoek ten opsigte van die reg op toegang tot inligting, asook die tersydestelling van ’n besluit jeens parool op grond van ’n bewering van arbitrêre administratiewe optrede. Die bydrae oorweeg en analiseer verskeie relevante hofuitsprake, asook die toepaslike wetgewing om die betreklik ingewikkelde konsep van parool op ’n logiese en eenvoudige wyse te verduidelik. Trefwoorde: Departement van Korrektiewe Dienste; gemeenskapskorreksies; korreksies; Korrektiewe Dienste; lewenslange gevangenisstraf; Minister van Korrektiewe Dienste; parool; paroolraad; straf; vonnis
Suid-Afrikaanse ouers se dilemma: Is die muis nou baas? Die soeke na groter sekerheid oor lyfstraf tuis
Authors:   Universiteit van die Vrystaat, Botha Rinda
Published: December 2023

Opsomming Die uitoefening van ouerlike tug deur middel van lyfstraf is tans ongrondwetlik ná die Konstitusionele Hof-uitspraak in Freedom of Religion South Africa v Minister of Justice and Constitutional Development 2020 1 SA 1 (KH) (hierna FOR SA). Die ongrondwetlikheidsverklaring kom te midde van ’n krisis oor geweld teen vroue en kinders in Suid-Afrika en is in daardie opsig begryplik. Nogtans val dit ook saam met ’n drastiese agteruitgang in kinderdissipline en -gedrag en onrusbarende jeugmisdaadsyfers. Boonop het die hof etlike vrae onbeantwoord gelaat en die saak aan die parlement oorgelaat om op ’n reguleringsraamwerk te besluit. Dít het ouers wat tot dusver redelike en matige lyfstraf tuis toegepas het, in onsekerheid gedompel. Hierdie artikel ondersoek die daarstel van ’n reguleringsraamwerk wat ’n balans tref tussen geweldsvergrype en redelike ouertug. Dit word gedoen deur eerstens die plaaslike ontwikkelings ten opsigte van lyfstraf as vonnisopsie, in skole en in die huis in besonderhede te bestudeer. Daarna word die regstandpunt in ander, vergelykbare Afrikalande en Kanada verken. Lyfstraf tuis word tans nog in al dié lande toegelaat. Die regstandpunt in veral Botswana en Kanada is glashelder ten gunste van redelike en matige lyfstraf by die huis, met duidelike voorskrifte oor wat aanvaarbaar is en wat nié. Regskenners se kritiek op hoe die ongrondwetlikheidsverklaring in FOR SA plaasgevind het, is geregverdig. Om ouers te verbied om (selfs redelike en matige) lyfstraf in die huis toe te dien, maar geen duidelike riglyne te bied nie, is nie doelmatig nie. Sonder enige leiding is die aanname dat ouers wat voortgaan om (redelike en matige) lyfstraf tuis toe te dien, die gevaar loop om strafregtelik vervolg te word. FOR SA laat die deur net op ’n skrefie oop vir die geringste toediening van lyfstraf, wat as de minimis beskou kan word. Die verskil tussen wat as matige en de minimis-lyfstraf beskou word, kos egter kopkrap en moet tans op voetsoolvlak van geval tot geval bepaal word. ’n Mens kan dus groot verskille in die uitleg daarvan verwag. Die enigste oplossing vir Suid-Afrika blyk die uitvaardiging van wetgewing te wees. Duidelik geformuleerde wetgewing sal nie net behoorlike riglyne aan ouers gee nie, maar ook ’n geleentheid bied om toepaslike strafmaatreëls in te stel vir ouers wat die grense oorskry. Nietemin het die parlement vorige pogings om die Kinderwet in dié verband te wysig afgeskiet. Of Suid-Afrika dus uiteindelik wetswysigings oor lyfstraf sal sien, sal net die tyd leer. Trefwoorde: de minimis; gemeenregtelike verweer; lyfstraf tuis; ongrondwetlik; ouerlike tugtiging; redelik en matig
Vraagtekengebruik in gebruikerskommentaar op Afrikaanse webtuistes: ’n korpuslinguistiese studie
Authors:   Noordwes-Universiteit, Kruger Lisa
Published: December 2023

Opsomming Tydens rekenaarondersteunde kommunikasie (ROK) kan daar ’n behoefte wees om sekere paralinguistiese betekenisse uit te druk, aangesien deelnemers mekaar nie kan sien of hoor nie. Leestekens soos die vraagteken word byvoorbeeld gebruik om buitetalige elemente soos intonasie uit te druk. In gevalle waar die bestaande of standaardleestekengebruik egter nie vir internetgebruikers voldoende is om hulself mee uit te druk nie, kan leestekens op ongewone wyses gebruik word. Heelwat van die bestaande Afrikaanse literatuur oor leestekengebruik in ROK handel oor ROK wat werklike gespreksituasies, soos SMS-gesprekke, naboots. Daar is egter vorme van ROK, soos gebruikerskommentaar, wat vanweë die doel van en platform waarop die kommunikasie plaasvind, heelwat van die bestudeerde ROK-kontekste verskil. Die doel van hierdie artikel is om die gebruik van die vraagteken in gebruikerskommentaar op Afrikaanse webtuistes te beskryf. Hierdie gebruik word vergelyk met die standaardvraagtekengebruik in Afrikaans, asook met bestaande literatuur oor leestekengebruik in ROK. Aanvullend tot die literatuurstudie word ’n korpusondersoek oor die gebruik van vraagtekens in die NWU-Kommentaarkorpus gedoen. Daar word getoon dat vraagtekens in gebruikerskommentaar meestal op die standaardwyse gebruik word. Dit word egter ook op ander wyses gebruik, wat ooreenstem met bestaande literatuur oor leestekengebruik in ROK. Die soorte vraagtekengebruik wat in die literatuur oor gespreksgebaseerde ROK, soos SMS-taal, voorgekom het, het ook in die gebruikerskommentaar in die steekproef voorgekom. Die gebruik van vraagtekens en ander leestekens om elemente soos intonasie, luidheid, tempo en pouses aan te dui, dui daarop dat daar by informele geskrewe internettaal ’n behoefte is om paralinguistiese tekens te gebruik. Verder dui dit daarop dat hierdie behoefte in Afrikaanse gebruikerskommentaar, net soos in ander vorme van ROK, op allerlei skeppende wyses deur leestekens bevredig word. Trefwoorde: gebruikerskommentaar; internettaal; kommentaarkorpus; korpuslinguistiek; leestekens; rekenaarondersteunde kommunikasie; ROK; toevloeiing; vraagteken
Social Responsibility: A bibliometric analysis of research state and its trend
Authors: Eslava Zapata Rolando , Montilla Rómulo Esteban , Guerrero Edixon Chacón , Gómez Cano Carlos Alberto , Gómez Ortiz Edgar
Published: December 2023

Introduction: Social responsibility is related to organizations' commitment to society and the environment. Recent research has shown the relationship between organizations' performance and some indicators such as economic performance or corporate image.Objective: This study analyzes the research on social responsibility to know the trend of studies. Method: Based on qualitative and quantitative research and with bibliometric techniques, a statistical analysis is made with the Vosviewer program of 1639 publications from the Scopus database to map the research based on publications, authors, and citations.Results: The geographical distribution shows that the United States and the United Kingdom have the most published documents. They have the greatest scientific impact and a strong collaboration network. From the above, it is evident that social responsibility research has been approached from different angles to verify its relationship with economic, societal, or environmental variables. There is a wide field of knowledge that scholars can address.Conclusions: The results indicate that central research topics include the connection of social responsibility with advancing technologies, globalization, and climate change. Mapping the co-occurrence of keywords by authors reveals four clusters related to ethics and social responsibility, corporate governance, corporate social responsibility, and sustainable development.
CHEMICAL COMPOSITION AND IN SITU EVALUATION OF FRESH AND ENSILED SUGARCANE (Saccharum officinarum)
Authors: Reyes Gutierrez Jose Andres , Guerra Medina Candido Enrique , Montañez Valdez Oziel Dante
Published: December 2023

This study evaluated chemical composition and in situ degradability of dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM) and ruminal pH of fresh (FSC) and ensiled (SCS) sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum) forage diets. In situ digestibility was determined using the nylon bag technique with four cows fitted with a rumen cannula. Cows were fed with fresh or ensiled sugar cane and supplemented with 1 kg of commercial dairy concentrate (18% CP). Ground sample (5g) for each sugar cane (FSC, and SCS) were incubated in rumen for 0, 8, 12, 24, 36, 48, 72 and 96 h. Treatments were distributed in a completely randomized design with six replicates. ESC showed significant changes (P<0.05) in DM, ADF, NDF and ash.Â  In situ digestibility of dry matter (ISDDM, %) was higher (P<0.05) for FCS in most incubation periods with respect to SCS, except at 24 h of incubation in which no difference (P>0.05) was noted. In situ digestibility of organic matter (ISDOM, %) was higher (P<0.05) for FCS at incubation periods of 8, 36, 48 and 96 h; however at 24 h of incubation was higher (P<0.05) in SCS. The ISDOM was similar (P>0.05) at 12 and 76 h of incubation. The ruminal pH showed no differences (P>0.05) between treatments. It is concluded that the silage of sugar cane is an alternative to provide forage in the season of low growth and quality of the grass.

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BAYESIAN MODELS FOR SPECIES DISTRIBUTION MODELLING WITH ONLY-PRESENCE RECORDS
Authors: Villar-HernÃ¡ndez Bartolo de Jesus , Perez-Elizalde Sergio
Published: December 2023

One of the central issues in ecology is the study of geographical distribution of species of flora and fauna through Species Distribution Models (SDM). Recently, scientific interest has focused on presence-only records. Two recent approaches have been proposed for this problem: a model based on maximum likelihood method (Maxlike) and an inhomogeneous poisson process model (IPP). In this paper we discussed two bayesian approaches called MaxBayes and IPPBayes based on Maxlike and IPP model, respectively. To illustrate these proposals, we implemented two study examples: (1) both models were implemented on a simulated dataset, and (2) we modeled the potencial distribution of genus Dalea in the Tehuacan-CuicatlÃ¡n biosphere reserve with both models, the results was compared with that of Maxent. The results show that both models, MaxBayes and IPPBayes, are viable alternatives when species distribution are modeled with only-presence records. For simulated dataset, MaxBayes achieved prevalence estimation, even when the number of records was small. In the real dataset example, both models predict similar potential distributions like Maxent does.

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In vitro CULTURE OF RUMEN CILIATE PROTOZOA BASED ON Parmentiera aculeata Kunth MEDIUM
Authors: De-Coss Alejandro Ley , Aguirre-Medina Juan Francisco , Arce-Espino Consepción , De-León-De-León Williams , Posada-Cruz Saul , Pinto-Rui­z René , Guevara-Hernandez Francisco , Gayon-Amaro Susana Gabriela
Published: December 2023

The present research aims to measure the ciliated protozoa concentration, pH, the concentration of volatile fatty acids (VFA) and the in-vitro dry matter degradation in a culture environment based Parmentiera aculeata Kunth. The treatments were: T1, 300 ÂµL of Avena sativa; T2, T3 and T4 had 150, 300 y 450 ÂµL of P. aculeata Kunth, respectively; and T5, 300 ÂµL of Chenopodium ambrosioides L. Every treatment was inoculated with ruminal fluid and incubated for 3, 6, 12, 24, 48 and 72 hours to 38Â±0.5 Â°C. Based on a randomly experimental design, the data was analyzed by GLM and the means were compared with Tukey (pâ‰¤0.05) while the protozoa concentration was analyzed with a rank test. There were differences in the protozoa concentration and pH between treatments; T3 and T4 had the largest amounts (pâ‰¤0.05) compared with the other treatments, especially with T5. There was no difference (pâ‰¤0.05) in the acetic acid concentration between T1, T2 and T3 compared with T4 at 72 hours and with T5 from 6 hours of incubation, besides for the concentration of butyric acid T5 had the lowest amount (pâ‰¤0.05) at 72 hours. The smallest concentration of total VFA was for T4 and T5 from 48 hours. P. aculeata Kunth used like subtract helps to preserve for 3 days a ciliated protozoa population of 104 without alterate the fermentation process.

Keywords: Agroforestry, Livestock, Animal nutrition, Wildlife rumen.

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NUTRITIVE VALUE OF FRESH, DRIED (HAY) AND ENSILED VINES OF FOUR SWEET POTATO (Ipomoea batatas) VARIETIES GROWN IN SOUTHERN ETHIOPIA
Authors: Hadgu Gebreegziabher Zereu , Negesse Tegene , Nurfeta Ajebu
Published: December 2023

Chemical composition and in vitro true dry matter digestibility (IVTDMD) of fresh, dried (hay) and ensiled vines of two early maturing (Belela and Temesgen) and two medium maturing varieties (Beletech and Tulla) were investigated. Hay was made by sun drying for 3 days. Silages were S1: vine alone, S2: vine+2%molasses, S3: vine+4% molasses, S4: vine+10% sweet potato root (SPR, % of wilted vine weight), S5: vine+20%SPR and S6: vine+30%SPR. They were ensiled in plastic buckets (8 liter) with airtight press cape in triplicate for 90 days in a lab at room temperature of 220C. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 20. Hay of Belela, Temesgen, Beletech and Tulla had 17.5, 13.9 and 15.2 %CP (%DM); 36.3, 35.6, 40.5 and 38.8% NDF (%DM) and 81.1, 82.2, 75.0 and 76.7% IVTDMD, respectively, were found. There was aÂ  decrease in pH of silages (p<0.05), with increasing levels of both molasses and SPR, respectively (3.91-3.66 and 3.91-3.64 in Belela; 3.92-3.72 and 3.92-3.68 in Temesgen; 3.99-3.81 and 3.99-3.75 in Beletech; 4.02-3.92 and 4.02-3.74 in Tulla); CP (19.8-15.8 and 9.8-13.9 in Belela;Â  20.0-14.2 and 20.0-12.3 in Temesgen; 17.2-11.2 and 17.2-10.9 in Beletech; 17.9-14.3 and17.9-11.6 inTulla); NDF (29.9-27.7 and 29.9-22.9 in Belela; 26.4-25.0 andÂ  26.4.0-20.8 in Temesgen;36.1-29.3 and 36.1-25.4 in Beletech; 34.5-29.0 and 34.5-24.4 in Tulla); ADF (26.7-18.2 and 26.7-15.5 in Belela; 25.5-17.1 and 25.5-14.7 in Temesgen;30.0-20.2 and 30.0-16.0 in Beletech;29.3-19.1 and 29.3-16.2 in Tulla); and ADL (7.1-4.6 and 7.1-3.5 in Belela; 6.9-4.1 and 6.9-2.7 in Temesgen;9.1- 5.1 and 9.1-4.9 in Beletech; 7.9-5.0 and 7.9-4.1 in Tulla) but increased IVTDMD ( 82.5-85.7 and 82.5-87.4, in Belela; 82.1-86.1 and 82.1-88.2 in Temesgen; 79.1-84.1 and 79.1-86.1 in Beletech; 78.9-84.0 and 78.9-85.6 in Tulla). Silages at all additive levels had acceptable pH and good IVTDMD, but 4% molasses, 20 and 30% SPR gave higher IVTDMD. Hay had lower nutrient content and IVTDMD than fresh vine and silages. In conclusion, Belela and Temesgen had better nutritive value than Beletech and Tulla; silage making was better than hay making. Animal evaluation is recommended for further confirmation of the results.

Key words: Chemical composition; In vitro true dry matter digestibility; Sweet potato varieties

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Key words: Chemical composition; In vitro true dry matter digestibility; Sweet potato varieties
THE USE OF AGRO INDUSTRIAL BY-PRODUCTS IN THE DIET OF GROWER TURKEYS
Authors: Makinde John , Inuwa M.
Published: December 2023

An experiment was conducted to evaluate the response of grower turkeys to diets containing different agro industrial by-products. A total of 120grower turkeys were used for this study. Four experimental diets were formulated and designated as T1, T2, T3, and T4. T1 (control diet) contained none of the agro industrial by products used while T2, T3 and T4 contained15% each of Wheat offal, Maize offal, Rice offal respectively. The turkeys were randomly allocated to four experimental treatments of thirty birds per treatment while each treatment was replicated three times (3) with ten (10) birds per pen in a completely randomized design. The result of growth performance revealed that average feed intake, average weight gain and feed conversion ratio of turkeys fed the control and 15% Wheat Offal diets were not significantly different (P>0.05). The result of carcass characteristics and organ weights followed similar trend. Turkeys fed 15% Maize Offal and 15% Rice Offal diets recorded the lowest values (P<0.05). There were no significant differences (P>0.05) in all the haematological parameters and serum biochemical indices measured except PCV which decreased across the treatment groups. It was concluded that 15% wheat offal can be included in the diet of grower turkeys without adverse effect on growth performance, carcass yield and health status of birds.

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TIPOLOGÍA DE UNIDADES DE PRODUCCIÓN FAMILIAR DEL SISTEMA AGROFORESTALTRADICIONAL CAFÉ- PLÁTANO-CÍTRICOS EN EL MUNICIPIO DE TLAPACOYAN, VERACRUZ
Authors: Cruz A. R. , Uribe G. M. , Leos R. J. A. , Rendon M. R. , Cruz L. A.
Published: December 2023

Coffee production is one of the most important activities in the town of Tlapacoyan, Veracruz unfortunately, prices and technologies focused on the monoculture production system have reduced the activity. The study of family production units (FPU), with the construction of a typology and an agronomic characterization of producers, carried out in the traditional agroforestry system of coffee-banana-citrus contributes to further analysis in public policies. This study was conducted in six communities through field work, coffee producers records and open interviews with authorities. A census of 33 individuals was built and questionnaires were applied as a part of the survey, which used multivariate analysis to establish categories of UPF. Each category was described in agronomic terms based on incomes and costs. Three categories were determined according to surface size, labor work and technological level, including diversification of costs of incomes. As a conclusion, this study has contributed to rethink about new supporting strategies for coffee producers, and government policies and supporting programs which will mean a better family income that will take into account differences such as the size varying from 5 to 27 ha. Labor work available varies among categories and technification defines the type and number of vehicles, because it refers to an activity that generates beneficial incomes to producers. We conclude that this heads of the UPF have traditional management of the 3 components, integrating productive practical and the system is dependent on labor.
PROPIEDADES ANTIMETANOGÉNICAS IN VITRO DE ALGUNAS PLANTAS ADAPTADAS A LAS CONDICIONES DE SABANA INUNDABLE DEL DEPARTAMENTO DE ARAUCA, COLOMBIA
Authors: Velez Terranova Oscar Mauricio , Campos Gaona R. , Sanchez-Guerrero H.
Published: December 2023

The methanogenic potential and nutritional quality of nineteen plants adapted to the dry and rainy seasons of the Arauca floodable savannas was evaluated. Each plant was incubated anaerobically with rumen fluid at 39 Â°C for 24h, after incubation period, gas production, methane, volatile fatty acids and dry matter degradation was determined. Among the plants, crude protein values ranged between 6.87-28.22%; neutral detergent fiber was between 35.2 - 71.26%, while the ether extract, ash and nonstructural carbohydrate levels ranged between 1.35 - 6.65, 2.43 - 5.27 and 11.47 - 35.64%, respectively. Gas production and methane were significant correlated (r = 0.84). The species Galactia jussiaeana, Belencita nemorosa, Ambrosia peruviana and Enterolobium schomburgkii showed high values of dry matter degradation (45.40 - 49.13%), VFA (0.84 - 1.37 mmol) and low methane production (2.18 - 6.90 ml / g DM degraded). These parameters were similar or better to those found in the species Leucaena leucocephala. The results suggest that these plants present useful compounds to reduce ruminal methanogenesis without affecting the diet digestibility, however further studies are required to assess the persistence of antimethanogenic effect, dosage, consumption and animal performance.