bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
THE EFFECT OF COSTLY–TO-IMITATE CAPABILITIES ON SUSTAINED COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGE IN MANUFACTURING FIRMS IN NIGERIA
Authors:   Department of Management, Faculty of Business Studies, Ignatius Ajuru University of Education, Port Harcourt., Baridula Vito , Mekuri-Ndimele Adanma ,   Department of Office and Information Management, Faculty of Business Studies, Ignatus Ajuru University of Education, Port Harcourt.
Published: May 2021

The study examined the effect of costly–to-imitate capabilities on sustained competitive advantage in manufacturing firms in Nigeria. A sample size of 248 was determined from a population of 700 respondents using Taro Yamene’s sampling technique. Data were collected through structured questionnaire and 248 copies of questionnaire were distributed out of which 232 copies were found useful for data analysis. The data were analyzed using Regression Analysis which was facilitated through Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS Version 23.0). The findings showed a significant effect of costly–to-imitate capabilities on sustained competitive advantage in manufacturing firms in Nigeria. Based on the findings, the study concludes that costly–to-imitate capabilities significantly affect sustained competitive advantage in manufacturing firms in Nigeria. Hence, the study recommended that management should cultivate a distinctive unique organizational culture that other businesses will find it challenging to emulate. They should establish and pursue ambiguous cause that other firms find it hard to embark on and social complexity that focus on the relationship between managers and employees; managers and directors; the firm and the society (supplier, customers, government and union and associations) in order to gain sustained competitive advantage.
COLLABORATIVE MANAGEMENT AND ORGANISATIONAL RESILIENCE: EVIDENCE FROM THE OIL AND GAS INDUSTRY OF A DEVELOPING ECONOMY
Authors:   University of Port Harcourt Business School, Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria., ACHEBELEMA Christiana , ACHEBELEMA Damiebi ,   Department of Management, Ignatius Ajuru University of Education, Rumuolumeni, Rivers State, Nigeria.
Published: May 2021

This study examined the link between collaborative management and organizational resilience in the oil and gas industry in Rivers State. The quasi-experimental and cross-sectional research designs were adopted. The population is made of 72 managers, supervisors, and HODs of oil and gas firms in Rivers State. The census technique was used for the sampling since the population is relatively small. The Spearman's Rank Order Correlation Coefficient (Rho) was used for the analysis with the aid of SPSS. It was concluded that a sound leadership climate can change the direction of any organization towards achieving its stated goals. This means a good leadership climate could induce high-level firm alliance. Organizational leadership climate is a composition variable that can be brought to bear in proffering varying solutions to the underlying issues in any organization. The outcome of this study resulted in the following recommendations: Collaborative management encourages positive bahaviours towards robustness. Hence, management ought to take decisional actions to increase awareness and improve productivity towards developing timely diverse solutions in handling organizational challenges. Collaborative management improves top-level decision-making to enhance resourcefulness. Therefore, management should encourage employees to make personal decisions about the disturbances and complex problems they face in their job towards preserving their position in the industry. Organizational leadership should build a climate designed to encourage robustness and resourcefulness as that will induce the needed growth towards its desired heights to foster resilience.
EFFECTS OF PERCEIVED LEADERSHIP STYLE AND ORGANIZATIONAL COMMITMENT ON JOB SATISFACTION AMONG NON-TEACHING EMPLOYEES OF FEDERAL UNIVERSITIES IN SOUTH-EAST NIGERIA
Authors:   DEPARTMENT OF PSYCHOLOGY, NNAMDI AZIKIWE UNIVERSITY, AWKA, Nweke Onyibor , Okoye P.V.C. ,   DEPARTMENT OF ACCOUNTANCY, NNAMDI AZIKIWE UNIVERSITY, AWKA, Dike-Aghanya Adannia ,   DEPARTMENT OF PSYCHOLOGY, NNAMDI AZIKIWE UNIVERSITY, AWKA
Published: May 2021

The study examined effects of perceived leadership style and organizational commitment on job satisfaction among non-teaching employees of federal universities in South-East Nigeria. Participants in the study were eight hundred and eighty-four non-teaching employees who were randomly selected from three federal universities in South-East Nigeria. The participants were made up of 323 (36.5%) males and 561 (63.5%) females with age range 22 years to 60 years, mean 35.04 years and standard deviation 9.96. The study deployed three instruments: Multi factor leadership questionnaire (MLQ-5X) developed by Avolio & Bass (1990), Minesota Satisfaction Questionnaire (MSQ) developed by Weiss, Dawis, England & Lofquist (1967), and Organizational Commitment Scale (OCS) developed by Mowday, Porter & Steers (1979). The study adopted correlation design and data analysis was done using multiple regression analysis Enter method. Hypothesis one result showed that dimension of perceived leadership style (transactional) predicted job satisfaction at B = 1.18**, P< .001, while hypothesis two result showed that organizational commitment significantly and positively predicted job satisfaction at B = .53**, P< .001. Hence, perceived leadership styles and organizational commitment are significant and positive predictors of job satisfaction among non-teaching employees of federal universities in south-east Nigeria. It was recommended that management within federal universities in south-east should adopt transactional leadership style.
Discours de campagne politique et relations entre les instances
Authors: ADAMOU NOUSSAÏBA
Published: May 2021

L’article se propose d’analyser les productions discursives en période de campagne présidentielle au Cameroun. La campagne électorale étant un espace de discussion et de propagande de la pensée et de la vision politiques, elle s’effectue par une production discursive visant à négocier la conquête du pouvoir. Dès lors, les candidats à l’élection présidentielle sont amenés à établir des relations avec l’électorat et à produire des discours divers et variés dans le but d’intéresser ce dernier et le pousser ainsi à adhérer à l’offre politique proposée. Le genre discursif choisi comme objet d’étude se caractérise par l’influence qu’il exerce sur le destinataire, il contribue à le manipuler, car ce discours a avant tout une visée persuasive. Le texte se propose dès lors d’analyser quelques discours de campagne produits par le parti au pouvoir et quelques partis de l’opposition.
Discours médiatique et impact sur la construction du vivre ensemble au Cameroun. Regard panoramique de deux quotidiens : « Cameroon Tribune » et « Le Messager »
Authors: KAMENI WENDEU ANNE-CLOTILDE
Published: May 2021

Les régions du Nord-Ouest et du Sud-Ouest du Cameroun sont affectées par une crise qui fragilise l’unité de ce pays. Cette crise, qui a débuté depuis 2016, remet en question le vivre-ensemble, une valeur pourtant très chère au peuple camerounais. Dans ce climat de confusion, la presse y joue un rôle majeur puisqu’elle participe au débat politique. Dès lors, ce texte ambitionne de décrypter l’impact du discours médiatique sur la construction du vivre ensemble au Cameroun. Le corpus d’étude, composé des quotidiens Cameroon Tribune et Le Messager permet de comprendre comment ce type de discours concourt à construire le vivre-ensemble dans un contexte de crise. Il en ressort que l’orientation argumentative de la construction discursive du vivre ensemble est fortement influencée par le positionnement idéologico-discursif des deux quotidiens.
Psycho-social Impact of COVID 19 Pandemic on University Students of Himachal Pradesh
Authors: Katoch Madhur
Published: May 2021

College students are recognized as a vulnerable population these days who suffer from varied levels of anxiety, depression, substance abuse, disrupted eating and sleeping patterns as compared to general population. Therefore, when the nature of their daily life and educational experience changes like during the COVID-19 pandemic—the weight of mental health of this vulnerable population is magnified. The objectives of this study were to assess the impact of Covid 19 pandemic on psycho-social health of University students. Questionnaires were mailed to Under Graduate students of CSKHPKV, Palampur students. A total of 160 responses were received and results were interpreted. The results revealed that 45 per cent respondents experienced severe anxiety, followed by (42.5 %) who had moderate level of anxiety. On the other hand, 58.7 per cent experienced moderate level of stress during lockdown. No significant difference was found between male and female students regarding anxiety and stress. A positive correlation was observed between age and anxiety among respondents. Lockdown resulted in increased frustration due to uncertainty characterising immediate future plans, academic stress and feelings of helplessness among students.
Focusing Technique for Holographic Subsurface Radar Based on Image Entropy
Authors: Jung Haewon , Yun Dal-Jae , Kang Hoon
Published: May 2021

An image focusing method for holographic subsurface radar (HSR) is proposed herein. HSR is increasingly being utilized to survey objects buried at shallow depths and the acquired signals are converted into an image by a reconstruction algorithm. However,
that algorithm requires actual depth and material information or depends on human decisions. In this paper, an entropy-based image focusing technique is proposed and validated by numerical simulation software package based on finite-difference time-domain method and experiment. The resulting images show good agreement with the actual positions and shapes of the targets.
Analysis and Modeling of Film Capacitor Radiation Generic Radiating Model for the Rectangular Capacitors
Authors: Labiedh Walid , Zitouna Bessem , Tlig Mohamed , Slama Jaleleddine
Published: May 2021

Capacitors are sources of EM field emissions whose characterization is crucial for electronic circuits EMC. This paper presents the modeling of equivalent radiating sources of rectangular film capacitors. It presents and analyses the magnetic near field measured above plastic and polyester capacitors. The measurements are then used by the inverse method to create a radiating source model for the capacitor. The results show a good agreement between the measured cartography and the one obtained when using radiating sources model. Finally, a generic radiating model is proposed for various types of rectangular film capacitors. The generic model is validated using the measurements on a rectangular capacitor. The suggested radiating model accelerates solving the inverse method. It can be used by circuit designers to optimize the placement of capacitors on the
printed circuit board to reduce their coupling with other components of the studied system.
Prediction and Suppression of Twisted-wire Pair Crosstalk Based on Beetle Swarm Optimization Algorithm
Authors: Zhou Jianming , Li Shijin , Zhang Wu , Yan Wei , Zhao Yang , Ji Yanxing , Liu Xingfa
Published: May 2021

Based on the theory of multi-conductor transmission lines (MTL), this paper proposes a new method for predicting and suppressing crosstalk of twisted-wire pair (TWP). The per unit length (p.u.l) RLCG parameters change caused by the inconsistent cross-sectional shape of TWP, changes in parameters make it difficult to solve the telegraph equation. In this paper, the method of transmission lines cascade is used. TWP is divided into several segments, and p.u.l parameters of each segment are predicted. Compared with before method, we propose a higher precision algorithm—beetle swarm optimization (BSO) to optimize the weights of back-propagation (BP) neural network, which predict p.u.l parameters at each segment. On this basis, it is divided into two steps: 1) Use MTL frequency domain method combined with lines’ terminal conditions to solve crosstalk and compare with CST simulation results; 2) Use the singular value decomposition (SVD)
method to add matrix modules at both ends of lines for suppressing crosstalk. The results show that proposed method in this paper is consistent with the simulation, and the accuracy is higher than before
Miniature Dual Band Button Antenna Using Cylindrical Dielectric Resonator
Authors: Banafaa Mohammed , Jamaluddin Mohmed , Dahlan Samsul , Althuwayb Ayman
Published: May 2021

This paper presents miniature dual-band cylindrical dielectric resonator antenna (CDRA) based on button antenna for wireless body area network (WBAN) applications. A button antenna is designed by stacking two CDRAs (low and high permittivity) fed by coaxial probe through the ground plane and penetrates the bottom CDRA. The prime contributions of using DRAs are to enhance the performance and to provide a compact size of antenna. However, the coaxial probe realizes two radiation patterns, monopole and broadside patterns. A comprehensive validation using CST microwave studio is carried out to determine the characteristics of the proposed button antenna. In addition, to ensure that the results are acceptable to the practitioner in this field, a prototype was fabricated and tested. The superiority of the proposed antenna is confirmed by possessing 39% more compact size compared to previously reported studies, efficiency of more than 63% and bandwidth of 4.9% and 6.6% for lower and upper band, respectively. This proposed design is a promising candidate to benefit on/off body communication devices operating at 2.4 and 5.6 GHz.
Evaluating the home isolation of COVID-19 patients in primary care
Authors: Yılmaz Zeynep Unus , Duman Sevgi , Öztürk Güzin Zeren , Özdemir Hacı Mustafa , Hogan Gözde Günindi , Karataş Elif
Published: May 2021

Background: This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of home isolation and medical follow-up by analyzing data collected over the phone from isolated individuals.

Methods: A cross-sectional phone-based survey designed to evaluate the home isolated COVID-19 suspected patients at the Şişli Hamidiye Etfal Family Health Center in Istanbul city between 16th  March  5th May 2020.  A semi-structured questionnaire and the universal sampling technique were recruited to collect data about the socio-demographic and the COVID-19 related laboratory and clinical findings. The SPSS for Windows program was used to perform a univariate and bivariate statistical analysis. The Statistical alpha significance level was accepted at less than 0.05.

Results: A total of 463 confirmed, probable, or suspected cases of COVID-19 took part in this study with a mean age of 35.38 ∓17.1 (range: 0-86 years). Tow-third 310 (67.0%) underwent the PCR tests, and 67 (21.6%) confirmed positive results. Moreover, one-third (159, 34.3%) exposed to CT scans; however, 51(32.3%) were compatible with COVID-19. The median age of individuals with PCR positive was 38 years. More than half (40, 59.7%) were males, compared to 27 (40.3%) were females. There was no significant relationship between PCR positivity and pandemic period, age, or gender (P = 0.149; P = 0.545; P = 0.285), respectively. Although older individuals had a higher rate of CT scan compatible with COVID-19, the relation between increased age and COVID-19 compatible CT was found not to be statistically significant (P = 0.053). Moreover, there was  significant relationship between CT scan positivity and coughing, the tobacco smoking and diabetes (P = 0.003; P = 0.032; P = 0.016),  respectively.

Conclusion: Combining PCR, symptoms, and CT together doubles the likelihood of a correct diagnosis. Quarantined patients must be regularly monitored.
Anorectal malformations: Early outcome analysis in a tertiary care center in India
Authors: Mathew Priya , Gupta Arun Kumar , Gupta Rahul , Sharma Dharmesh
Published: May 2021

Background: Delayed diagnosis, referral, and presence of associated anomalies may influence the outcome of Anorectal malformations (ARM). The aim of this study was to analyze the early outcomes (1 month postoperatively) of ARM presenting in the neonatal period.
Methods: A prospective study was carried out in our tertiary care teaching institute from December 2018 to March 2020. All neonates admitted in the NICU with ARM were studied.
Results: There were 315 neonates; out of these, 236 (74.92%) were male and 79 (25.07%) were female. High ARM (HARM) was present in 265 (84.13%) and low ARM (LARM) in 50 (15.87%). Associated congenital anomalies were noted in 121 (38.41%). Major associated anomalies consisted of gastrointestinal (GIT) (41.32%), oesophageal (31.4%), and genitourinary (GU) (19.83%). Out of 306 procedures for ARM, 196 (64.05%) neonates underwent left transverse colostomy (LTC). The most frequent postoperative complications were thrombocytopenia (115) followed by sepsis (98). Colostomy prolapse was uncommon (2). The overall mortality was 87/315 (27.61%) neonates - 82/265 (30.94%) in HARM and 5/50 (10%) in LARM. Neonatal mortality was significantly high with birth weight <2500gm 55/153 (35.94%; p value= 0.0001), associated malformations 82 (67.76%, p value= 0.003); and delayed presentation 40/87 (45%), and with primary perforation 5/6 (83.33%).
Conclusions:  Higher mortality was associated with low birth weight, double/ triple atresia, neonatal GIT perforation, sepsis on admission, and those with oesophageal and cardiac anomalies. More than 1/3rd (38.41%) patients had associated anomalies; thus, a detailed systematic evaluation of all subtypes is paramount.
EL NUEVO RÉGIMEN JURÍDICO DE LOS CENTROS DE INTERNAMIENTO DE EXTRANJEROS
Authors: LÓPEZ BENÍTEZ MARIANO
Published: May 2021

Los Centros de Internamiento de Extranjeros son unos establecimientos
públicos dedicados a asegurar el cumplimiento de las resoluciones administrativas que, en
su día, decidan la expulsión, devolución o regreso de los extranjeros que se encuentren
o pretendan ingresar ilegalmente en España. Aunque ni por su naturaleza ni por su finalidad
son establecimientos penitenciarios, generan, sin embargo, un régimen jurídico entre
la Administración y los extranjeros ingresados que presenta fuertes concomitancias con
aquéllos. El presente trabajo se dedica precisamente a analizar su régimen jurídico.

Atzerritarrak barneratzeko zentroak establezimendu publikoak dira eta
helburu hau dute: Espainian legez kanpo egon edo sartzen saiatzen diren atzerritarrei buruzko
administrazio-ebazpenak (kanporatzea, itzulketa edo itzulera) betetzen direla bermatzea.
Izaeraz eta helburuz espetxeak ez badira ere, zentro horietan barneratutakoen eta
administrazioaren artean sortutako araubideak antzekotasun handiak ditu espetxeen araubidearekin.
Lan honetan, zentro horien araubidea aztertzen da, hain zuzen.

Alien Internment Centres ¿best know by their Spanish abbreviation
CIES¿ are public establishments dedicated to ensure the fulfilment of the administrative
resolutions deciding on the expulsion, devolution or returning of foreigners either already
illegally in Spain or willing to enter the country illegally. Neither their nature nor their finality
is to serve as penitentiary centres. Nevertheless the legal functioning of CIES and prisons
share some similarities. The aim of the present essay is to analyze their legal status.
REFLEXIONES SOBRE EL DOCTORADO EN DERECHO
Authors: LÓPEZ RAMÓN FERNANDO
Published: May 2021

El objeto de este trabajo es recapacitar sobre los objetivos de los estudios
de Derecho, particularmente de los relativos al doctorado. Se sostiene aquí que la función
prioritaria de los programas de doctorado es formar en las tareas investigadoras a los futuros
profesores, por lo que las Universidades han de prestar especial atención a las condiciones
y al proceso de la investigación científica. Sobre tales aspectos se realizan algunas
consideraciones, tratando de contribuir a su adecuado diseño y desarrollo.

Lan honen helburua da gogoeta egitea Zuzenbideko ikerketen eta batik
bat doktoretzako ikerketen helburuei buruz. Hemen defendatzen denez, doktoretza-programen
funtzio nagusia da etorkizuneko irakasleak ikerketa-lanetan prestatzea, eta, hortaz,
unibertsitateek arreta bereziz zaindu behar dituzte ikerketa zientifikoaren baldintzak eta prozesua.
Hainbat azalpen ematen dira alderdi horiei buruz, behar bezala diseinatzen eta garatzen
laguntzeko.

The object of this article is to reflect on the objectives of the Law Studies,
particularly those relating to the PhD programmers. The article argues that the main role of
PhD degrees is to train future lecturers in their research competencies. Universities should
consequently pay special attention to the conditions and the process of scientific research.
The paper makes some considerations on how to contribute to the proper design and
development of the PhD programmers.
ASPECTOS JURÍDICOS DE LA IMPLANTACIÓN DE CENTROS COMERCIALES EN LOS MERCADOS MUNICIPALES Y LA PROTECCIÓN DEL MEDIO AMBIENTE Y DEL ENTORNO URBANO. LA CONSIDERACIÓN DE LAS RAZONES IMPERIOSAS DEL INTERÉS
Authors: LÓPEZ TUBIA EVA MARÍA
Published: May 2021

El presente artículo analiza la evolución normativa de la implantación de
los centros comerciales en el territorio del País vasco y Navarra, como estrategia complementaria
de protección de los mercados tradicionales, que goza de una creciente vitalidad
y posibilidades de futuro tras la aprobación de la Directiva Bolkestein. En especial, se trata
la evolución de los mecanismos de autorización y protección ambiental que, si bien descansaban
en el ejercicio unilateral de potestades administrativas, hoy en día se orientan a
estrategias acordadas con los sectores interesados y afectados, como modo de garantizar
el derecho a un medio ambiente adecuado y el pacífico disfrute del derecho de los vecinos
a la prestación y establecimiento de los servicios públicos como son los mercados municipales
tradicionales.

Artikulu hau ezartzeko erosketa Euskal Autonomia Erkidegoko eta Nafarroako
lurraldean zentroetako arauak duen bilakaera aztertzen du, merkatu tradizionalen babesaren
osagarria den estrategia bezalakoen, bizitasun hazkorraz gozatzen duen bilakaera
arau-emailea eta Bolkestein Zuzentarauren onespenaren ondoren etorkizunaren posibilitateak.
Batez ere, baimeneko eta ingurumenaren babeseko mekanismoen bilakaera tratatzen
da, administrazio-ahaletako ariketa unilateralean egon arren, gaur egun sektore interesatuekin
oroitutako estrategietara orientatzen dira eta eraginda, ingurumen egokirako eskubidea
eta auzotarren eskubidearen gozamen baketsua prestazioari eta zerbitzu publikoen ezarpenari.

This article analyzes the legal evolution of the shopping centers in the
territory of the Basque Country and Navarra; this is a complementary protection strategy
of traditional market, which enjoys a growing vitality and future expectations before
the Bolkestein Directive. Specially, the evolution of the authorization and environmental
protection mechanisms, which in the past relied in the unilateral exercise of administrative
authority and now are increasingly oriented to shared strategies with the stakeholders,
as a way to guaranteeing the right to enjoy an adequate environment and the right to
peaceful enjoyment of neighbors in achieving collective aims, in this case, the traditional
city markets.
EL DEBER DE CONSERVACIÓN DESDE EL PRISMA DEL ESTADO SOCIAL
Authors: MENÉNDEZ SEBASTIÁN EVA Mª
Published: May 2021

Si siempre ha sido fundamental para el Derecho Administrativo el estudio
del papel del Estado en la Sociedad, hoy en día nos encontramos ante una etapa de cambio
y, fundamentalmente, ante la importantísima crisis del Estado Social en que se hace
imprescindible reformular las relaciones entre ambos.
Así, a través de un tema tan concreto como es el deber de conservación de los propietarios,
especialmente de inmuebles, se tratará una cuestión tan primordial de nuestro
tiempo como es el Estado Social y la situación de crisis que el mismo afronta en estos momentos.
A tales efectos, se analiza cómo una definición u otra de este deber, así como su regulación
concreta, puede incidir en dar un paso hacia delante o hacia atrás en la consecución
de la vivienda digna como derecho social integrante de nuestro Estado.

Estatuak gizartean duen eginkizuna aztertzea Administrazio Zuzenbiderako
betidanik funtsezkoa izan da, eta gaur egun bizi dugun aldaketa-fasean funtsezkoagoa,
estatu soziala krisialdi larrian baitago. Horrenbestez, ezinbestekoa da bien arteko loturak
berrikustea.
Hala, estatu soziala, egungo oso gai garrantzitsua, eta haren krisialdia aztertuko ditugu, jabeen,
batez ere higiezinen jabeen, kontserbazio-betebeharra bezalako gai zehatz baten bidez.
Horretarako, betebehar horren definizio ezberdinek eta erregulazio zehatzak izan dezaketen
eragina aztertuko dugu, gure Estatuaren gizarte-eskubide bat lortzeko, etxebizitza
duina edukitzeko, aurrerapausoak edo atzerapausoak izan baitaitezke.

If the study of State¿s role within society has always been fundamental as
far as Administrative Law is concerned, nowadays we find ourselves in a changing period
and principally, before the so important crisis of the Welfare State, where the relationships
between both of them need to be reformulated.
Hence, by means of such a specific subject as the duty of preservation by the owners,
specially of properties, we deal with a key issue of our times as it is Social State
and the crisis situation it faces nowadays.
To that end, it is analyzed how one or another definition for this duty together with
its specific regulation will have an impact to move forward or backward so as to
achieve a dignified housing as a social right which is to be part of our State.
LA PROTECCIÓN CONSTITUCIONAL DE LOS DERECHOS A LA INTIMIDAD Y A LA PROPIA IMAGEN EN LAS RELACIONES LABORALES: UNA VISIÓN DESDE LA JURISPRUDENCIA CONSTITUCIONAL
Authors: MIERES MIERES LUIS JAVIER
Published: May 2021

La protección del derecho fundamental a la intimidad en el ámbito de las
relaciones laborales ha dado lugar a una amplia y rica jurisprudencia constitucional. Dentro
del ámbito protegido por el derecho a la intimidad cabe distinguir entre intimidad en sentido
fuerte (o intimidad socialmente reconocida) y en sentido débil (intimidad subjetivamente
reservada). Ambas manifestaciones del derecho se proyectan sobre el desarrollo de
la prestación laboral imponiendo límites a los poderes empresariales de vigilancia y control,
cuyo ejercicio debe ajustarse al principio de proporcional. Aunque el artículo 18.1 CE no
protege lo que puede denominarse la libertad de la vida privada, la jurisprudencia constitucional
ha articulado distintas técnicas a fin de amparar ciertas manifestaciones del libre desarrollo
de la personalidad de los trabajadores directamente vinculadas con la vida privada.

Lan-harremanen arloan funtsezkoa den intimitatearen eskubidea babesteak
jurisprudentzia konstituzional zabala eta aberatsa eragin du. Intimitate-eskubideak babesten
duen eremuaren baitan, intimitatearen zentzu sendoa (edo gizarteak onartzen duena)
eta zentzu ahula dago (intimitate subjektiboa). Biak ala biak proiektatzen dira lan-prestazioan,
enpresen zaintza-eta kontrol-ahalmenak mugatuz, eta proportzionaltasunaren printzipioa
betearaziz. EKaren 18.1 artikuluak ez du babesten bizitza pribatuaren askatasuna esan ahal
zaiona, baina jurisprudentzia konstituzionalak hainbat teknikaren bidez babesten ditu langileen
nortasunaren garapen librearen zenbait alderdi, zuzenean bizitza pribatuarekin lotuak.

The protection of the fundamental right to privacy in the area of the work
relations has caused a rich and wide-ranging constitutional jurisprudence. In the protected
area for the right to privacy, it can be distinguished among a hard privacy (or socially recognized
privacy) and a weak privacy (privacy subjectively reserved). Both manifestations
of the right to privacy are projected on the workplace and they limit the entrepreneurial
powers of surveillance and control, the exercise of which it has to fit the principle of proportionality.
Although article 18.1 CE does not protect what can be denominated the freedom
of the private life, the constitutional jurisprudence has articulated different techniques
in order to protect certain manifestations of the free development of the personality of the
workers directly linked to the private life.
LA PRIMAVERA GRIS. SOBRE EL DECLIVE DE LAS ABEJAS
Authors: ORTIZ GARCÍA MERCEDES
Published: May 2021

La primavera gris o primavera sin flores, sin colores ¿dada la masiva desaparición de abejas y con ellas la acción clave de la polinización¿ es una reflexión sobre la necesidad y urgencia de gestionar ambientalmente bien el planeta. Precisamente en dicha materia destacaba nuestro vitalista y querido profesor Demetrio Loperena Rota, cuyo recuerdo y buen hacer coadyuvan para encauzar la gobernanza ambiental. El trabajo, después de exponer la importancia de los servicios ecosistémicos de la polinización que realizan fundamentalmente las abejas y las causas de su declive, propone soluciones para abordar tan alarmante pérdida de biodiversidad. Las propuestas consisten, fundamentalmente, en establecer límites a la expansión de la esfera económica, aunque sea como estrategia conservacionista, mediante la implantación de una regulación colectiva renovada sobre los usos de los territorios y de sus servicios ecosistémicos, augurando una vida buena para todos.

Udaberri grisa edo lorerik gabekoa, kolorerik gabekoa ¿erleekin batera ari baita desagertzen hain funtsezkoa den polinizazioa¿, ingurumena ongi kudeatu beharrari buruzko gogoeta da. Arlo horretantxe nabarmentzen zen Demetrio Loperena Rota, gure irakasle bizizale eta maitea, eta haren oroitzapenak eta lan onak ingurumenaren gobernantza bideratzen laguntzen digu. Batik bat erleek egiten duten polinizazioak ekosisteman duen garrantzia eta haien gainbeheraren arrazoiak aurkeztu ostean, biodibertsitatearen galera kezkagarri horri aurre egiteko soluzioak proposatzen ditugu. Hala, mugak jarri dizkiogu ekonomiaren hazkundeari, kontserbaziorako estrategia moduan bada ere, eta lurraldeen eta ekosistema-zerbitzuen erabilerari buruzko arautegi kolektibo berritu bat ezarri dugu, denok hobeto bizitzeko balio izango duelakoan.

Grey spring or spring without flowers, without colours ¿due to the massive disparition of bees and with them the key action to pollination¿ is a reflection on the necessity and urgency to manage environmentally the world. Precisely on this subject our vital and beloved professor Demetrio Loperena Rota used to stand out, whose memory and good work help to straighten out the environmental governance. This work, after explaining the importance of ecosistemic services of pollination that are mainly carried out by bees and the causes of its deterioration, proposes solutions to deal with the so alarming lost of biodiversity. The proposal to respond to the challege of the crisis of biodiversity sets limits to the expansion of the economic sphere albeit as a conservationist strategy, by means of a renewed colective regulaton on the uses of territories and their ecosistemic services, predicting a good life for all of them.
EL DERECHO HUMANO AL MEDIO AMBIENTE Y SU PROTECCIÓN EFECTIVA
Authors: PEÑALVER I CABRÉ ALEXANDRE
Published: May 2021

El derecho humano al medio ambiente reconocido por el Convenio de Aarhus clarifica su reconomiento, también, a nivel europeo, español y catalán, ya sea como una situación jurídica subjetiva (derecho o interés legítimo colectivo) u objetiva (legalidad ambiental). El objetivo más importante de dicho Convenio es otorgar una protección real y efectiva al derecho humano al medio ambiente. Si bien este objetivo se ha plasmado en la legislación europea, española y catalana, es necesario y urgente un importante desarrollo normativo y jurisprudencial del mismo.

Aarhusko Hitzarmenak ingurumen-eskubidearen berri ematen du Europa, Espainia eta Katalunia mailan, egoera juridiko subjektibo (legezko eskubide edo interes kolektiboa) edo objektibo gisa (ingurumen-legeak). Gizakiaren ingurumen-eskubideari benetako babesa ematea da Hitzarmen horren helburu nagusia. Helburu hori gauzatuta dago Europa, Espainia eta Kataluniako legeetan, baina lehenbailehen garatu behar da araueta jurisprudentzia-mailan.

The human right to enviroment acknowledged by the Aarhus Convention clarifies its acknowledgment also at european, spanish and catalan level either as a subjective legal situation (right or collective legitimate interest) or as objective (enviromental legislation). The most important objective of the already said Convention is to confer a real and effective protection to the human right of enviroment. Even though this objective was enshrined in the european, spanish and catalan legislation, an important development in normative and case law is necessary and urgent.
LA IMPORTANCIA DE LAS MEDIDAS CAUTELARES EN EL PROCESO CONTENCIOSO-ADMINISTRATIVO. SU EFICACIA EN EL PROCESO
Authors: PEREZ ESTRADA MIREN JOSUNE
Published: May 2021

Se analiza la justicia cautelar en el proceso contencioso-administrativo. Se
explica su crecimiento en los últimos años y su fundamento constitucional. Se aborda el
tratamiento especial que tiene la tutela cautelar en esta jurisdicción como límite del privilegio
de la autotutela ejecutiva de la administración. Se trata de ayudar a mejorar nuestros
instrumentos procesales y acercar al ciudadano a una justicia real, más cerca del derecho
fundamental a la tutela judicial efectiva.

Administrazioarekiko auzien prozesuko kautelazko justizia aztertzen da.
Azken urteotan izan duen hazkundea eta haren oinarri konstituzionala azaltzen dira. Kautelazko
tutoretzak jurisdikzio honetan duen tratamendu berezia aztertzen da, administrazioaren
auto-tutoretza exekutiboaren pribilegioaren muga gisa erabiltzen baita. Gure tresna prozesalak
hobetzea eta herritarrei benetako justizia bat eskaintza da xedea, tutoretza judizial
eraginkorrerako oinarrizko eskubidetik hurbilago.

Precautionary justice within the administrative contentious procedure
is analyzed. Its last years¿ development and it constitutional foundations are explained. It
deals with the special approach given to precautionary protection within this jurisdiction as
a limit to the privilege of executive self-protection owned by the Administration. It purports
to promote our procedural tools and to make real justice closer to the citizen, closer to the
fundamental right to effective judicial protection.
SEGURTASUN PRIBATUAREN ARLOKO AZKEN BERRITASUNAK
Authors: PRIETO ETXANO EUNATE
Published: May 2021

En el actual modelo español de seguridad no existe una seguridad privada
versus una seguridad pública. La Ley 5/2014 considera a la seguridad privada como una actividad
con entidad propia, pero a la vez como parte integrante de la seguridad pública; afirma
que su relación se sustenta en los principios de subordinación y de complementariedad.
Ahora bien, en el art. 149.1.29 CE sólo se hace mención a la seguridad pública como garantía
necesaria para el libre ejercicio de los derechos y libertades de las personas. Por tanto, el
TC al interpretar la materia seguridad privada se encuentra condicionado por la CE y entiende
que los servicios de seguridad privada forman parte del núcleo esencial de la competencia
exclusiva en materia de seguridad pública, que el art. 149.1.29 CE atribuye al Estado. Todo
ello, sin perjuicio de la que a la luz de la jurisprudencia del TJUE la seguridad privada y la seguridad
pública constituyen ámbitos distintos.

Gaur egungo espainiar segurtasun-ereduan, segurtasun publikoak eta
pribatuak bat egiten dute; hau da, ez dira segurtasuna eskaintzeko zerbitzu kontrajarriak.
Segurtasun-enpresa nahiz langile pribatuek burutzen dituzten jarduerek berariazko izaera
eduki arren, segurtasun pribatuaren 5/2014 Legeak azpimarratzen du, segurtasun-zerbitzu
pribatuak segurtasun publikoaren zatitzat jotzen direla eta hortaz, segurtasun publikoa
bermatzea eta osatzea dutela helburu. Europar Batasuneko Justizia Auzitegiaren jurisprudentziak
zalantzan jartzen dituen ideia hauen oinarrian espainiar Konstituzioaren 149.1.29
artikulua dago. Izan ere, xedapen honek soilik segurtasun publikoari aipamena egiten dio,
gizakiek euren eskubide zein askatasunak libreki egikari ditzaten ezinbesteko berme bezala.
Eta Konstituzio Auzitegiak, ildo beretik, espainiar Konstituzioaren 149.1.29 artikuluak
ezartzen duenari jarraiki, zera ulertzen du: aipatu artikuluak segurtasun publikoaren arloan
Estatuari esleitzen dion eskuduntza esklusiboaren funtsezko edukiaren zati baino ez dela
segurtasun pribatua.

There does not exist private security versus public security within the
current Spanish model of security. Act 5/2014 considers private security as an activity with
its own entity but at the same time part of public security: it states that its relationship is
grounded on the principles of subordination and complementariy. However, article 149.1.29
of the Constitution does only mention public security as a necessary guarantee for the
free exercise of rights and freedoms of individuals. Therefore, when interpreting the issue
of private security the Constitutional Court finds itself subjected to the Constitution and it
understands that private security services are part of the core of the exclusive competence
in public security which article 149.1.29 gives to the State. All of this without prejudice that
in the light of the case law by Court of Justice of the European Union private and public
security are different fields.
RESPONSABILIDAD DE LOS AUTORES DE LAS INFRACCIONES Y DE LOS PARTÍCIPES
Authors: REBOLLO PUIG MANUEL
Published: May 2021

Salvo que una ley disponga otra cosa, sólo son responsables de las infracciones
sus autores en sentido estricto. Se restringe la posibilidad de autoría por culpa in
eligendo o in vigilando, así como la utilización amplia de la figura del garante. Pueden ser
responsables otros partícipes en virtud de previsión legal; y debe acogerse a este respecto
el criterio de la «accesoriedad limitada». Las normas legales que enumeran una serie de
sujetos como responsables de infracciones sólo son admisibles en la medida en que reduzcan
el ámbito de responsables de entre los que hayan incurrido en una conducta culpable
de contribución a la infracción.

Legeren batek besterik xedatu ezean, zentzu hertsian arau-hausteak
egin dituztenak bakarrik dira erantzule. Mugatu egiten da egiletza-aukera in eligendo edo
in vigilando errua dela-eta, bai eta bermatzailearen figura zabal erabiltzea ere. Erantzule
izan daitezke beste parte-hartzaile batzuk, legeak ezarritakoa betez, eta, horri dagokionez,
«eransgarritasun mugatuaren» irizpidea bete behar da. Subjektu jakin batzuk arau-hausteen
erantzuletzat zerrendatzen dituzten lege-arauak onargarriak dira soilik baldin eta murriztu
egiten badute erantzuleen esparrua arau-haustea egiten laguntzeko erruzko portaera izan
dutenen artean.

Save as otherwise provided by one Act, the responsibles of the infractions
are only their authors. The authorship for blame in eligendo or in vigilando is restricted,
together with the broad use of the institution of the guarantor. They can be responsibles
other participants under legal provision and it had to be admitted in this regard the criteria
of ¿limited accessory¿. The legal norms that list series of subjects as responsibles of the
infractions can only be acceptable to the extent that they reduce the ambit of responsibles
among those that had engaged in a fault that contributed to the infraction.
EL PERMISO DE EXPLOTACIÓN DE LA CENTRAL NUCLEAR DE GAROÑA Y SU CONTINUA INCERTIDUMBRE A LA LUZ DEL ORDENAMIENTO JURÍDICO NUCLEAR ESPAÑOL
Authors: RUIZ DE APODACA ESPINOSA ÁNGEL
Published: May 2021

El presente trabajo aborda el análisis de los permisos de explotación de
las centrales nucleares a la luz del ordenamiento jurídico español, los aspectos relacionados
con su procedimiento administrativo de renovación y sus aspectos mejorables a la
vista de los últimos acontecimientos, jurisprudencia y reformas normativas acaecidas. El
estudio se centra en el devenir de la central nuclear de Garoña y su reciente solicitud de
explotación hasta 2031, tras su aparente cese definitivo a finales de 2012. Una solicitud sin
precedentes que ha vuelto a reavivar la percepción del riesgo nuclear, la conveniencia de
tal solicitud y el procedimiento a seguir en su tramitación incluso dentro del propio Consejo
de Seguridad Nuclear.

Lan honetan, honako hauek aztertzen dira: zentral nuklearren ustiatzebaimenak,
Espainiako araubideari erreparatuta, baimenak berritzeko administrazio-prozedurarekin
lotutako alderdiak, bai eta hobetu daitezkeen alderdiak ere, azken gertaerak, jurisprudentzia
eta izandako legedi-aldaketak kontuan hartuta. Azterketak Garoñako zentral nuklearraren
gorabeherak hartzen ditu ardatz, bai eta 2031. urtera arte ustiatzeko baimen-eskaera ere
(duela gutxi eskatu da baimen hori, 2012an itxuraz zentrala betirako itxi ondoren). Aurrekaririk
gabeko eskaera horrek berpiztu egin du gai hauen inguruko eztabaida (Segurtasun Nuklearreko
Kontseiluan ere): arrisku nuklearraren pertzepzioa, eskaera horren egokitasuna, eta eskaera
izapidetzeko prozedura.

This current work deals with the analysis of the operation permits of
nuclear power plants in the light of the Spanish legal order, the aspects related to its
administrative procedure for renovation and the facets to be improved considering the last
events, case law and normative reforms that have happened. The study focus itself on the
future of the nuclear power plant of Garoña and its recent petition of operation until 2031
after its apparent final stoppage at the end of 2012. An unprecedented petition which has
revived the perception of nuclear risk, the advantange of that petition and the procedure to
be followed even within the own Council for Nuclear Security.
ANTE LA CONFLICTIVIDAD AMBIENTAL QUE VIENE DEL MAR: EL CASO DE LOS SONDEOS PETROLÍFEROS EN CANARIAS
Authors: SANZ LARRUGA FRANCISCO JAVIER
Published: May 2021

Sobre la base del contencioso-administrativo producido en las Islas Canarias con motivo de las prospecciones petrolíferas que se han solicitado por parte de la empresa REPSOL S.A. a la Administración General del Estado, en sus aguas circundantes, se trata de aportar algunas soluciones jurídicas que pueden reducir la conflictividad ambiental originada por tal actividad. Las nuevas normas comunitarias sobre la seguridad de las operaciones relativas al petróleo y el gas mar adentro (Directiva 2013/30/UE) y sobre ordenación del espacio marítimo (Directiva 2014/89/UE) pueden aportar algunas soluciones que permitan, en su caso, una explotación sostenible y segura de los recursos energéticos marinos.

Repsol SAk Estatuko Administrazio Nagusiari Kanariar Uharteak inguratzen dituzten uretan petrolio-prospekzioak egiteko eskaerak eragin duen administrazioarekiko auzian oinarriturik, petrolioaren jarduerak sortzen dituen ingurumen-gatazkak txikitzeko hainbat irtenbide juridiko eman nahi dira. Itsasoan petrolioa eta gasa aurkitzeko eragiketei buruzko segurtasunari eta itsasoaren antolamenduari buruzko erkidego-arau berriek (2013/30/EB Zuzentaraua eta 2014/89/EB Zuzentaraua, hurrenez hurren) itsasoko baliabide energetikoak jasangarritasunez eta segurtasunez ustiatu ahal izateko hainbat irtenbide eman ditzakete.

Based on the contentious-administrative conflict in the Canary Islands as a result of the oil explorations requested by the company REPSOL S.A, to the State General Administration in their sorrounding waters, we try to provide with some legal solutions that can diminish environmental conflicts originated by that activity. The new Community provisions regarding the safety of offshore oil and gas operations (Directive 2013/30/UE) and on maritime spatial planning (Directive 2014/89/UE) can contribute with some solutions that allow, where relevant, one sustainable and safe exploitation of maritime energetic resources.
LA RESTAURACIÓN Y REPARACIÓN DEL DOMINIO PÚBLICO MARÍTIMO TERRESTRE EN EL MARCO DE LA LEY 2/2013, DE 29 DE MAYO, DE PROTECCIÓN Y USO SOSTENIBLE DEL LITORAL Y DE MODIFICACIÓN DE LA LEY DE COSTAS
Authors: SORO MATEO BLANCA
Published: May 2021

El estudio analiza el alcance de la reforma de los arts. 92 y 95 de la Ley
22/1988, de costas ¿operada por la Ley 2/2013, de 29 de mayo, de protección y uso sostenible
del litoral¿ en sede de restauración y reparación del dominio público marítimo terrestre,
desde una perspectiva crítica frente a la tendencia generalizada hacia el reconocimiento
de la imprescriptibilidad de la acción de reparación de bienes ambientales y el
reconocimiento del principio de no regresión en nuestro derecho ambiental. Asimismo, se
aborda la aplicabilidad de la Ley 26/2007 de responsabilidad ambiental a los daños a la ribera
del mar.

Lan honetan aztertzen dira kostaldeei buruzko 22/1988 Legearen 92.
eta 95. artikuluak ¿itsasertzaren babesari eta erabilera jasangarriari buruzko maiatzaren
29ko 2/2013 Legeak osatu zuen¿, itsaso eta lehorraren arteko jabari publikoa berritzearen
eta konpontzearen arloan, modu kritikoan jokatuz gure ingurumen-zuzenbidearen ohiko
joerarekin, hau da, ingurumen-ondasunak konpontzearen preskribaezintasuna eta ez-erregresioaren
printzipioa onartzea. Ingurumen-erantzukizunari buruzko 26/2007 Legea itsasertzeko
kalteei aplikatzeko modua ere aztertzen da.

This study analizes the scope of the reform of articles 92 and 95 of
Act 22/1988 about Coasts ¿operated by Act 2/2013 of May 29th about the protection
and sustainable use of litoral¿ regarding the renovation and reparation of the maritimeterrestrial
public domain from a critical perspective opposite the generalized tendency
towards the acknowledgement of the imprescriptibility of the action for damages of
enviromental goods and the recognition of the principle of not retrogression in our
enviromental law. Likewise, the applicability of Act 26/2007 on enviromental liability for
damages to the seashore is studied.
LA FORMACIÓN DE CONCEPTOS EN EL DERECHO PÚBLICO: UN COMENTARIO
Authors: VAQUER CABALLERÍA MARCOS
Published: May 2021

La doctrina del derecho administrativo se debate en las últimas décadas por efecto de su constitucionalización, su globalización y la crisis del Estado social. Como consecuencia, nuevos conceptos se nos proponen como paradigmas emergentes. En este contexto, el artículo analiza de forma crítica la formación de estos conceptos siguiendo el curso lógico de la investigación jurídica: desde las fuentes del conocimiento utilizadas, a los métodos de construcción de conceptos y las formas en que éstos de consolidan dentro de la «ciencia normal».

Zuzenbide administratiboaren doktrina eztabaidatua izan da azken hamarkadetan haren konstituzionalizazioa, globalizazioa eta estatu sozialaren krisia direla eta. Ondorioz, kontzeptu berriak proposatzen dizkigute paradigma sortu berrien modura. Testuinguru horretan, artikuluak modu kritikoan aztertzen du kontzeptu horien sorrera, ikerketa juridikoaren ibilbide logikoari jarraiki: erabilitako jakintza-iturrietatik hasi eta kontzeptuak eraikitzeko metodoetara eta horiek «zientzia normalaren» baitan sendotzeko moduetara arte.

The doctrine of administrative law is under debate in recent decades as a result of its constitutionalisation, globalisation and the crisis of the «social state». As a consequence, new concepts are often proposed as emerging paradigms. In this context, this article analyzes the formation of these concepts following the logical course of legal research: from knowledge sources to concept-building methods and the ways in which they become part of the «normal science».