bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PERAN PEMERINTAH DAERAH DALAM PELAKSANAAN TATA PEMERINTAHAN YANG BAIK (GOOD GOVERNANCE) DALAM PERSPEKTIF HUKUM KEPEGAWAIAN
Authors: S.Sos, SH.MH Adrie
Published: February 2024

Tata pemerintahan yang baik adalah hal penting dalam merumuskan strategi pembangunan dan dinamika penyelenggaraan pemerintahan daerah di Indonesia selalu mengalami perubahan sesuai dengan perubahan politik hukum ketatanegaraan.Tujuan dari penulisan karya ilmiah ini adalah untuk mengetahui tata pemerintahan yang baik menurut hukum kepegawaian dan untuk mengetahui dukungan pemerintah daerah terhadap pelaksanaan tata pemerintahan yang baik. Penulisan karya tulis ini menggunakan metode penelitian hukum normatif atau metode penelitian hukum kepustakaan dengan mengutip buku-buku literatur ilmu hukum, ketentuan perundang-undangan serta karangan-karangan ilmiah yang ada kaitannya dengan judul karya ilmiah. Kesimpulan dari pokok bahasan karya ilmiah ini yaitu: (1) tata pemerintahan yang baik menurut hukum kepegawaian harus mampu mewujudkan Aparatur Sipil Negara yang profesional melayani masyarakat serta taat dan patuh pada aturan yang berlaku untuk menjaga integritasnya sesuai Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 42 Tahun 2004 tentang Pembinaan Jiwa Korps dan Kode Etik Pegawai Negeri Sipil, Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 53 Tahun 2010 tentang Disiplin Pegawai Negeri Sipil, dan Undang-Undang Nomor 5 tahun 2014 tentang Aparatur Sipil Negara; (2) bentuk dukungan pemerintah daerah terhadap pelaksanaan tata pemerintahan yang baik yaitu dengan kemandirian, mengadakan evaluasi penyelenggaraan pemerintahan daerah dan juga melakukan pengawasan kebijakan daerah.
TANGGUNG JAWAB PERDATA PELAKU USAHA PROPERTI YANG TERLAMBAT MENYELESAIKAN PEMBANGUNAN
Authors: Dewi Kadek Ary Purnama
Published: February 2024

Industri perumahan merupakan sektor penting dalam perekonomian, hal ini disebabkan karena kebutuhan akan perumahan merupakan kebutuhan pokok. Sektor perumahan di sisi lain juga melibatkan banyak pihak. Dalam praktik, keterlambatan dalam penyelesaian bangunan merupakan masalah hukum yang cukup sering ditemui. Dalam penelitian ini akan membahas mengenai perjanjian konstruksi dalam hubungan hukum antara pengusaha properti dengan konsumen dan tanggung jawab perdata atas wanprestasi yang dilakukan pelaku usaha properti. Perjanjian konstruksi dalam hubungan hukum antara pengusaha properti dengan konsumen dituangkan dalam dokumen hukum dan disebut sebagai kontrak jasa konstruksi. Undang-Undang Republik Indonesia Nomor 2 Tahun 2017 Tentang Jasa Konstruksi mengatur klausul minimum dalam Kontrak Kerja Konstruksi. Keterlambatan menyelesaikan bangunan merupakan bentuk wanprestasi yang dilakukan oleh pelaku usaha. Dalam kondisi tersebut pelaku usaha properti dapat dipertanggungjawabkan, kecuali keterlambatan tersebut terjadi karena force majeur.
DESA ADAT SEBAGAI SUBYEK HUKUM DALAM STRUKTUR PEMERINTAHAN PROVINSI BALI
Authors: PRATHAMA ANAK AGUNG GEDE AGUNG INDRA
Published: February 2024

Desa Adat menurut Pasal 1 Angka 8 Peraturan Daerah Provinsi Bali Nomor 4 Tahun 2019 tentang Desa Adat di Bali (selanjutnya disebut dengan Perda Bali 4 Tahun 2019) adalah kesatuan masyarakat hukum adat di Bali. Tidak ada penjelasan dalam Perda Bali Tahun 2019 batas-batas kewenangan desa adat sebagai subjek hukum yang berbentuk badan hukum apa. Dari Uraian diatas maka dapat disampaikan permasalahan yaitu: Bagaimanakah pengaturan desa adat sebagai subyek hukum dalam struktur pemerintahan Provinsi Bali. Apakah desa adat  dapat melaksanakan Hak dan Kewajiban sebagai subyek hukum. Dalam teori negara hukum, Undang-Undang Dasar Tahun 1945 adalah merupakan sumber hukum tertinggi di Indonesia, konsep otonomi daerah, hak, wewenang, dan kewajiban daerah otonomi untuk mengatur dan mengurus sendiri urusan pemerintahan dan kepentingan masyarakat setempat dalam sistem Negara Kesatuan Republik Indonesia. Teori hukum yang berjenjang disebutkan bahwa norma hukum tersusun secara berjenjang yang membentuk piramida hukum (stufen theory). Konsep desa adat adalah meliputi kesatuan-kesatuan pemerintahan, kesatuan ekonomi, kesatuan kultur dan tradisional yang kokoh dan kuat, dan disana-sini sudah atau sedang mengalami perubahan maju ke arah perkembangan sebagai akibat pengaruh perkembangan teknologi. Penyusunan substansi peraturan daerah itu tidak mengacu pada Undang-Undang No. 6 Tahun 2014 tentang Desa, tetapi pada Undang-Undang No. 23 Tahun 2014 tentang Pemerintahan Daerah. Sebagai badan hukum publik, pengaturannya dalam Perda perlu diatur dengan tegas pada muatan substansi perda tersebut. Sebagai sebuah subyek hukum, maka keberadaan masyarakat adat masuk kategori sebagai badan hukum publik, karena pengaturannya oleh negara yaitu Undang-Undang desa. Desa adat memiliki hak menjaga dan mengatur kekayaan desa adat yang dimiliki termasuk hak ulayat. Pengaturan dalam perda belum sepenuhnya menjelaskan kedudukan desa adat sebagai Badan hukum publik maka perda yang akan datang memasukkan muatan muatan substansi desa adat sebagai badan hukum publik.
KOMPILASI DELIK ADAT DALAM PERATURAN DAERAH SEBAGAI DASAR PEMIDANAAN DALAM RANCANGAN UNDANG-UNDANG KITAB UNDANG-UNDANG HUKUM PIDANA (RUU KUHP)
Authors: SETYANINGSIH NI PUTU ARI , KAYUAN PUTU CHANDRA KINANDANA
Published: February 2024

Proses penyusunan Rancangan Undang-Undang Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Pidana (RUU KUHP) dipenuhi dengan pro dan kontra terkait ketentuan yang diatur didalamnya. Salah satu yang menjadi perdebatan dari RUU KUHP adalah upaya pengaturan hukum yang hidup dalam masyarakat. Pasal 2 ayat (1) RUU KUHP memberikan legalisasi hukum yang hidup dalam masyarakat sebagai dasar pemidanaan. Pembatasan hukum adat yang dapat menjadi dasar pemidanaan oleh Pasal 2 ayat (2) menyebabkan perlunya dilakukan kompilasi delik adat untuk memberikan dasar hukum mengenai delik adat apa saja yang diakomodir oleh RUU KUHP. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis relevansi pengkompilasian delik adat dalam peraturan daerah dengan hakikat hukum adat dan implikasi dari dilakukannya kompilasi delik adat tersebut. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan metode yuridis normatif dan pendekatan perundang-undangan dan pendekatan konseptual. Penelitian ini menumukan bahwa pengkompilasian delik adat tidak sesuai dengan sifat delik adat yang dinamis dan tidak Prae Existance Regels sehingga tidak relevan dengan hakikat hukum adat itu sendiri. Implikasi dari pengkompilasian delik adat dalam peraturan daerah adalah terjadinya distorsi terhadap sifat hukum adat yang seharunya dinamis dan fleksibel sesuai dengan kebutuhan dan dalam masyarakat dan menciptakan dualisme delik adat yaitu delik adat yang diatur dalam peraturan daerah dan delik adat diluar kompilasi namun keberadaanya tetap diakui oleh masyarakat.
PEMUTUSAN KONTRAK KERJA ANTARA PEMAIN SEPAKBOLA PROFESIONAL DENGAN KLUB SEBELUM BERAKHIRNYA JANGKA WAKTU PERJANJIAN KERJA
Authors: WIRADHARMA SUMERTAJAYA I KETUT SATRIA
Published: February 2024

Tulisan ini dilatarbelakangi oleh terciptanya hubungan hukum dari perjanjian kerja antara pemain sepakbola profesional dengan klub yang menimbulkan hubungan kerja. Hubungan hukum yang timbul dari perjanjian kerja antara pemain sepak bola dengan klub dapat menimbulkan suatu akibat hukum apabila pemain sepak bola tersebut di putus kontrak secara sepihak oleh klub. Permasalahan yang diangkat dalam tulisan ini adalah bagaimanakah akibat hukum atas pemutusan kontrak kerja yang dilakukan klub terhadap pemain? Pentingnya dilakukan penelitian ini agar mengetahui akibat hukum atas pemutusan kontrak kerja yang dilakukan secara sepihak.

Dalam penelitian ini penulis menggunakan metode penelitian yuridis normatif, menggunakan pendekatan perundang-undangan dan pendekatan konseptual.

Kesimpulan yang dapat ditarik dalam tulisan ini adalah akibat hukum atas pemutusan kontrak kerja yang dilakukan klub terhadap pemain batal demi hukum apabila klub melanggar Pasal 153 ayat (1) Undang-Undang Ketenagakerjaan. Pemutusan kontrak kerja sah jika pemain terbukti melakukan kesalahan berat sebagaimana yang tercantum dalam Pasal 158 ayat (1) Undang-Undang Ketenagakerjaan. Sebaiknya kontrak yang disepakati oleh pemain dengan klub disesuaikan dengan peraturan Perundang-undangan yang berlaku sehingga tidak menimbulkan akibat hukum yang batal demi hukum.
PEMBAHARUAN HUKUM PERTANGGUNGJAWABAN PIDANA DALAM TINDAK PIDANA EKONOMI
Authors: D. PANJAITAN ANANDA CHRISNA
Published: February 2024

Diperlukan suatu penataan kembali terhadap pengaturan pertanggung jawaban pidanakorporasi yang menyangkut pengaturan tentang kapan suatu korporasi dikatakan telah melakukantindak pidana, siapa dalam korporasi yang dapat dipertanggungjawabkan dan sanksi yang tepatbagi korporasi yang melakukan kejahatan, sehingga terjadi keharmonisan aturan yang berdampakpada pencapaian tujuan hukum.Berdasarkan latar belakang tersebut maka penelitian ini menggunaan dua rumusan masalah,yang pertama bagaimana pengaturan pertanggungjawaban pidana korporasi dalam tindak pidanaekonomi dan bagaiman pembaharuan hukum pertanggungjawaban pidana korporasi dalam tindakpidana ekonomi di Indonesia ?Metode penelitian ini menggunakan metode normatif berawal dari perbedaan pengaturanterhadap pertanggung jawaban pidana bagi korporasi yang melakukan tindak pidana dalamundang-undang di Indonesia akan berakibat pada lemahnya penegakan hukum terhadap kejahatankorporasi.Hasil penelitian ini adalah yang pertama pertanggungjawaban korporasi telah diatur dibeberapa perundang-undangan di Indonesia akan tetapi setiap peraturan perundang-undangan yangmengatur tentang kejahatan korporasi dari segi ruang lingkup, definisi dan subjek berbeda-bedaoleh karena itu perlu adanya kodifikasi serta harmonisasi ketentuan mengenai kejahatan korporasiagar tercipta kepastian hukum. Selanjutnya perbedaan ini dapat membawa perdebatan hukum,khususnya terkait dengan apakah dalam hal ini, UU Tipikor tetap dapat dikecualikan sebagai lexspesialis. Dalam arti bahwa dalam penegakan tindak pidana korupsi terhadap korporasi, kriteria“perbuatan korporasi” yang digunakan tetap mengacu pada UU Tipikor dan bukan pada buku IKUHP (bila kemudian RUU telah menjadi UU).
SISTEM HUKUM DALAM PERJANJIAN PERKAWINAN PADA PERKAWINAN CAMPURAN
Authors: Dewi Cok Istri Dian Laksmi
Published: February 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji akibat hukum perkawinan campuran danhukum yang digunakan dalam perjanjian perkawinan. Perkawinan campuran adalahperkawinan antara laki-laki dan perempuan yang berbeda kewarganegaraan. Akibathukum perkawinan campuran ini akan terletak pada bidang harta kekayaan, misalnyahak milik atas tanah hanya dapat dimiliki oleh warga negara Indonesia, jenis PT dansebagainya. Solusi dari hal ini adalah akad nikah untuk memisahkan harta. Sistem hukumyang digunakan adalah sistem hukum Indonesia selama perkawinan berlangsung diIndonesia
KEDUDUKAN PERATURAN DESA (PERDES) DALAM SISTEM HUKUM INDONESIA
Authors: Damayanti Komang Mila , Saravistha Deli Bunga
Published: February 2024

Seperti kita ketahui level pemerintahan desa, kekuasaan dipegang oleh Kepala Desa bersamaperangkat desa yang berada dibawah kepemimpinan seorang Bupati sebagai pemegang kekuasaanpemerintahan tertinggi di Kabupaten dan/atau Walikota di tingkatan Kota. Penyelenggaraanpemerintahan desa baik juga dalam hal pembangunan, pembinaaan masyarakat desa harusdidasari atas Pancasila sebagai Staaffundamentalnorm, UUD 1945, konsep Negara KesatuanRepublik Indonesia dan juga Bhineka Tunggal Ika. Pedoman mutlak dalam penyelenggaraanpemerintahan desa tersebut diatur dalam Pasal 2 Undang-Undang Nomor 6 Tahun 2014 TentangDesa. menjalankan pemerintahan, pemegang kekuasaan pemerintahan baik pusat maupun didaerah berwenang untuk mengeluarkan suatu kebijakan terkait diskresi dalam jabatannya.Walaupun demikian, kebijakan tersebut tetaplah harus berlandasakan pada hukum positifyang berlaku. Dalam pembentukan peraturan pemerintah baik pusat maupun daerah tetap wajibberpedoman pada ketentuan dalam Undang-Undang Nomor 12 Tahun 2011 Tentang PembentukanPeraturan Perundang-Undangan (selanjutnya disebut “UU 12/2011”). Dalam kaitannya denganpemerintahan desa, terdapat bentuk peraturan yang dikenal dengan Peraturan Desa atau Perdes.Hal ini diatur dalam Pasal 26 UU Desa sebagai landasan yuridis. Namun, dalam Pasal 7 UU12/2011 tidak ditemukan bentuk peraturan tersebut dalam hierarki peraturan perundang-undangandi Indonesia. Perdes merupakan bentuk diskresi aparatur pemerintahan di level desa, berdasarkanFreies Ermessen. Kendatipun demikian, pelaksanaannya bukanlah tanpa batasan. Hukum bertugasuntuk mengambil peranan mencegah dan mengantisipasi kesewenang-wenangan.
KEBIJAKAN PEMBERDAYAAN PEREMPUAN KELOMPOK MARJINAL (PEKERJA RUMAH TANGGA) DALAM PEMENUHAN HAK EKONOMI DI MASA PANDEMI COVID-19
Authors: Nurimaniar Yuditia , Rahmanto Tony Yuri
Published: February 2024

Pemberdayaan perempuan menjadi salah satu faktor dalam membangun ketahanankeluarga. Kendati demikian munculnya wabah Pandemi Corona Virus Disease (COVID)19 menyebabkan kelompok perempuan khususnya pekerja rumah tangga kesulitan untukmemperoleh hak ekonomi. Tujuan kajian dimaksudkan untuk mengidentifikasi danmenganalisa upaya pemerintah dan pandangan kelompok perempuan dalam pemenuhanhak ekonomi di masa pandemi covid-19.Kajian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan teknik analisa data memakailima elemen dalam kerangka kerja Longwe mengenai pemberdayaan perempuan yaknikesejahteraan, akses, kesadaran kritis, partisipasi, dan pengendalian.Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa Pemerintah Pusat dan Daerah sejatinya telahmengupayakan bantuan sesuai kebutuhan di lokasi masing-masing atas permintaanmasyarakat kelompok perempuan Meskipun tidak terfokus pada bantuan bagi pekerjarumah tangga. Disisi lain dalam pandangan kelompok perempuan terdapat kendalautamanya dalam hal akses dan partisipasi yang mengakibatkan upaya yang dilakukanpemerintah belum optimal bagi perempuan pekerja rumah tangga. Oleh karenanyasejumlah langkah direkomendasikan kepada beberapa stakeholder terkait dalam halsosialisasi sejumlah kebijakan untuk mempermudah akses mendapatkan informasi sertamendorong untuk perluasan akses partisipasi bagi perempuan pekerja rumah tangga dalamproses penyusunan, implementasi dan evaluasi terhadap kebijakan agar dapat terpenuhihak-haknya khususnya dalam pemenuhan hak di bidang
PELAKSANAAN RESTITUSI LPSK UNTUK KORBAN KDRT DALAM SISTEM PERADILAN PIDANA INDONESIA
Authors: . Siswandi , Sulistiani Lies , Takariawan H. Agus
Published: February 2024

Korban tindak pidana kekerasan dalam rumah tangga merupakan bagian dalam sistemperadilan pidana di Indonesia, sehingga korban tindak pidana kekerasan dalam rumahtangga memiliki hak untuk memperoleh keadilan, karena korban tindak pidana kekerasandalam rumah tangga mengalami kerugian material dan immaterial, korban tindak pidanakekerasan dalam rumah tangga memiliki hak mendapatkan pertanggungjawaban pemulihandari pelaku. Jaminan pemberian hak restitusi terhadap korban tindak pidana kekerasandalam rumah tangga belum terlaksana dengan baik, karena belum ada jaminan keadilanyang diberikan oleh pemerintah, penegak hukum, lembaga sosial, maupun dari pelaku.Sehingga kesejahteraan dan pemulihan fisik dan psikis yang seharusnya diperoleh korbantindak pidana kekerasan dalam rumah tangga sulit terpenuhi. Akibatnya, pemberian hakrestitusi yang seharusnya diberikan kepada korban tindak pidana kekerasan dalam rumahtangga masih banyak mengalami permasalahan dalam pelaksanaannya. Peran LembagaPerlindungan Saksi dan Korban (LPSK) dalam pemenuhan hak korban tindak pidanauntuk memperoleh keadilan berupa restitusi, Sehingga Salah satu hak korban tindakpidana memperoleh keadilan yakni berupa restitusi.
Video Recorded Presentations (VRP) and their impact on students’ learning: A mixed method research on blended mode programs at MNU
Authors: MUMTHAZ FATHIMATH
Published: February 2024

Accommodating technology and flexibility in distance education have been part of higher education in the last decade at several higher education institutions of the Maldives. Blending technology in teaching and learning has increased higher education opportunities across the Maldives. This study was conducted to explore the impact of Video Recorded Presentations (VRP) on students’ learning when used as an assessment tool for blended learning students of the Maldives National University(MNU). Adopting a mixed method approach, the study was conducted among students involved in blended learning, who had submitted assessments using VRP. Lecturers from MNU who assessed the VRP contributed to the study by adding their observation on students’ learning from the videos. The students were chosen among learners who submitted assessments using VRP from July 2017 to the end of 2018. Both groups, students and lecturers, expressed that the use of VRP as an assessment tool increased student’s confidence in their presentation skills and provided the opportunity to self-evaluate and submit the best performances. Although there were challenges in VRP recording and submission, students and lecturers found it as a convenient alternative method for in-class presentations that allow useful learning opportunities for blended learners.
Salt content of processed food products available in Dh. Kudahuvadhoo, Maldives
Authors: MUNEER AISHATH , ZOONA ATHIMATH , NAILA AISHATH
Published: February 2024

ome of the processed food are junk food which are unhealthy when consumed in excess amount. Commonly used junk food include fast food, chips, candy, gum, sweets, desserts as well as fizzy drinks. These food types consist of salt, sugar, fat and are high in calories. Junk food are easy to make and are easily accessible for consumption making this the main reason people use junk food even though it is not healthy. Consumption of salty junk food regularly increases the amount of salt intake which is undesirable for a healthy life. High amount of salt intake increases blood pressure and other adverse effect to health. A market survey at Dh. Kudahuvadhoo grocery shops (5 shops) was conducted. A convenient sampling was used to collect 30 processed food products. Nutritional values of these products were recorded and analyzed using Microsoft Excel 2016. The salt levels in the products were compared to that of WHO recommended level of salt (< 5g/day). The highest amount of salt among the 30 items was found in Amexicana flour tortillas (2.6g salts per 100g). Cotton candy had zero amount of salt. The mean value of salt in the 30 types of food products was 0.324 g. The salt content processed food products varied, by types, production company, and the country of the production. Although the amount of salt was less than the WHO recommendation level in the selected junk food, daily meals, and intake in high quantity may lead to exceed the WHO recommended level of salt intake.
Temporal Variation of Indoor (a residential space) and Outdoor PM2.5 in Male’, Maldives
Authors: KHALEEL NOORA , MD FIROZ KHAN  , SITI JARIANI MOHD JANI
Published: February 2024

This study aims to assess the Indoor Air Quality (IAQ) inside a one room apartment of about 240 square feet in the Henveiru district in Male’, Maldives. Concentrations of Particulate Matter (PM2.5), one of the most detrimental air pollutants, were measured every 15 minutes from 10-09-2021 to 18-12-2021 using low-cost PM  BlueSky sensors inside the building (indoor) and simultaneously outdoor, about 300m  away from the indoor sensor. The BlueSky monitors were co-located and harmonized before starting the monitoring. The mean concentrations observed indoor and outdoor for  93 days were 10.1±13.1 µg/m3 and 6.5±4.9 µg/m3, respectively. Both results surpass the  annual average of 5 µg/m3 guideline of World Health Organization (WHO). The number  of days that surpassed the 24-hour WHO limit was 9 for indoor and 7 for outdoors. The diurnal pattern of PM2.5 shows a drastic accumulation of the pollutant inside the building when the only available ventilation (the window) was closed, which was identified at night and also during the daytime. The recorded PM2.5 levels also aligned with household activities like cooking, cleaning, and dusting. There was a significant moderate correlation (r= 0.48) between outdoor and indoor PM2.5. The I/O ratio was 1.95±3.01 indicating the presence of more indoor sources. This study serves as a preliminary assessment of indoor air quality in Male’, Maldives. Based on its findings, efforts should be directed towards  ensuring proper ventilation in residential spaces and continuously monitoring air quality  in more location for longer periods to ensure healthy IAQ.
Exploring ethnomathematics in the Maldives: Counting and measuring
Authors: SHEHENAZ ADAM AISHATH
Published: February 2024

Ethnomathematics is the study of mathematics that takes into consideration the culture in which mathematics arises. It is a subject that values and recognises the contributions of all cultures to the development of mathematics. The aim of this study was to explore the nature of indigenous thinking in the Maldives with respect to counting and measuring that are found in the Maldivian society and are related to traditional and cultural contexts, so that these ideas can be considered for inclusion in future primary mathematics curricula in the Maldives. The fieldwork and data collection was done in the Maldives. Data was collected through interviews with people who do practical work as part of their everyday life, and informal discussions held with historians, mathematicians, mathematics teachers, teacher educators and mathematics students. In total, 91 interviews and informal discussions were conducted. The study also involved the analysis of documents focussed on finding the sources of mathematics, and mathematics currently used in the Maldives. The data from interviews and document analysis show that counting and measuring are in the Maldivian culture even though people may not identify these as mathematics. Cultural contexts in the Maldivian society where counting and measuring are evident include fishing, boat building, building and construction, agriculture, astronomy and navigation, house work, mat weaving, rope making and toddy collecting. The evidence from informal interviews with historians and mathematicians, and document analysis show that initially Arabia and South Asia (mainly India) influenced Maldivian mathematics, and later the Britain. In conclusion, this study identified the Maldivian mathematical ideas related to counting and measuring thereby arguing that mathematics is not culture free. Mathematics exists in every culture even though the way ideas are expressed and emphasised vary from culture to culture.
Prevalence and influencing factors of energy drink consumption among youth in Laamu Hithadhoo Maldives
Authors: FATHIMATH SHIMLA
Published: February 2024

Consumption of energy drinks has been popular among different age groups, especially among the youth, since the introduction of the highly demanded drink called Red Bull, in Austria in the year 1987. Energy drink (ED) consumption among youth has become an escalating health problem throughout the world including Maldives. The main purpose of this study is to identify the prevalence and influencing factors of energy drink consumption among the youth living in Laamu Hithadhoo, the Maldives. A quantitative descriptive study was conducted using systematic sampling. The questionnaire was shared with 152 participants who belonged to the age group 18-40 years... The study revealed that more than half, (65.1%) of the youth population aged between 18-40years who live in Laamu Hithadhoo consume energy drinks and have high chances of using energy drinks due lack of understanding and awareness about the adverse effects of ED consumption. The result of the present study can contribute to promote awareness programs among the youth to reduce chronic long-term diseases and as well as minimize obesity.
Psychological experiences of nurses during COVID-19 pandemic in the Maldives
Authors: HASSAN SALMA
Published: February 2024

The Maldivian nurses had to face and deal with unique challenges during the coronavirus outbreak. As a result, they often faced extreme psychological pressure as a result of working constantly with a high risk of infection from patients and working in temporary setups with limited resources and manpower who were not well equipped to deal with a pandemic for the first time. This study aimed to explore the psychological experiences of nurses during the COVID-19 pandemic in the Maldives. A descriptive qualitative research design was used for this study. Five female nurses working in the COVID-19 related in-patient facilities participated in semi-structured, virtual (telephone or online) interviews. The data were analyzed using thematic analysis. Three themes emerged from the data analysis: Overwhelming experience, nurses being treated differently, and valuing family support. The participants described the experience of being emotionally overwhelmed. Many experienced feelings of uncertainty and grief, mainly when they had to handle the death of COVID-19 patients under their care. Most significantly when they had to handle the dead bodies in a body bag as it was very painful for the families not being able to perform their last respect and rituals as per cultural practices. The second main theme was nurses’ grievance owing to the differential treatment they were subjected to by the public. When nurses had to go back to their resident islands, the island community was scared of contracting the disease from the nurses and as a result the public rejected interacting with the nurses. This further isolated the nurses subjecting them to loneliness. Finally, family is the most important and valuable support to overcome their psychological burden. Family members including husbands and mothers were very supportive of taking care of the nurses’ children while they worked long hours. The Maldivian nurses in COVID-19 facilities faced psychological adversities during the COVID-19 pandemic. The findings from this study can help in identifying issues and experiences of nurses, in order to implement appropriate interventions to monitor and support nurses during contagious disease outbreaks.
Dengue serotype detection from wild caught mosquito by reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification
Authors: TANZILA   RAWNUCK  , ZEBA   UN   NAHER  , SAIF ULLAH MUNSHI  , SHAHINA TABASSUM  , MD SELIM REZA
Published: February 2024

Dengue viruses are mainly transmitted by the Aedes aegypti mosquito which grows in breeding containers maintained by rain or human activity. The Reverse Transcription Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification (RT-LAMP) reaction was found more sensitive and can detect 10-copies of RNA template whereas; real-time PCR (qPCR) had detection limits of 100 copies. To detect the dengue serotypes from wild-caught Aedes aegypti mosquitoes using a molecular technique RT-LAMP, and compare with qPCR to detect the same dengue serotype. This prospective analytical study was conducted at the Department of Virology, BSMMU, Dhaka, Bangladesh from January 2017 to December 2017. RT-LAMP was performed to detect dengue serotypes from wild-caught mosquitoes. Four different visual detection methods of RT-LAMP were conducted simultaneously. To confirm the test result, qPCR was done. Out of the 1348 wild-caught mosquitoes, 217(16.10%) were found positive for the dengue virus by RT-LAMP assay. Among this DEN-2 serotype was by far the highest percentage 184(84.79%) whereas, DEN-1 was 33(15.21%). The RT-LAMP is a relatively inexpensive, rapid, and simple tool for the accurate detection and serotyping of DENV from wild-caught mosquitoes.
A narrative review comparing SARS-CoV-2, SARS-CoV-1 and MERS-CoV highlighting their characteristic features, evolution and clinical outcomes
Authors: SUBBARAM KANNAN , ALI SHEEZA
Published: February 2024

COVID‑19 pandemic caused by SARS‑CoV‑2 created a bio threat situation throughout the world. This article features evolution and clinical outcomes of SARS‑CoV‑2, SARS‑CoV‑1 and MERS‑CoV. COVID‑19 originated in Wuhan, China and resulted in severe morbidity and mortality. Features of SARS are similar to COVID‑19. MERS exhibited a relatively milder disease, mainly in Middle East countries. Coronaviruses are large (100 nm) viruses exhibiting a spherical shape with a lipoprotein envelope and can cause diseases in animals and humans. All coronaviruses are sensitive to physicochemical agents. They attach to angiotensin Converting Enzyme ‑2 (ACE‑2) and serine protease receptors of lungs. Literature review and genetic homology were conducted using data sources and bioinformatics tools for the comparison of SARS‑CoV‑2 with SARS‑CoV‑1 and MERS‑CoV. Genome analysis between SARS‑CoV‑2 with SARS‑CoV‑1 and MERS‑CoV revealed that SARS‑CoV‑2 and SARS‑CoV‑1 are 95% related with each other whereas SARS‑CoV‑2 and MERS‑CoV are 65% related. SARS‑CoV‑2 and SARS‑CoV‑1 are genetically more related than MERS‑CoV. Animal reservoirs for SARS‑CoV‑2 and SARS‑CoV‑1 may be bats, pangolins, etc. MERS can be transmitted from infected camels. SARS‑CoV‑2 might have evolved from SARS‑CoV‑1 or from another animal reservoir coronavirus. It can be transmitted from infected animals and humans through respiratory route. Strict public health measures such as physical distancing and maintaining good hygiene should be taken to contain their community spread. SARS‑CoV‑2 can undergo antigenic variation resulting in difficulty to develop drugs and vaccines. COVID‑19 has caused a severe blow to the economy of both developed and developing nations.
Foreign direct investment, foreign aid and economic growth nexus in Kenya
Authors: Musakwa Mercy T. , Odhiambo Nicholas M.
Published: February 2024

The increasing role of foreign capital inflows in reducing the disparity between government revenues and costs as well as impellent economic growth has motivated this study to establish the direction of causality between foreign direct investment (FDI), foreign aid, and economic growth in Kenya. By using annual time series data from 1970 to 2020 within bounds testing approach to cointegration and the error correction model ECM-based Granger-causality, the study found a bidirectional causality between foreign aid and economic growth in the short run and a unidirectional causal flow from foreign aid to economic growth in the long run. The results also support evidences of bidirectional causality between FDI and foreign aid in the short run and a unidirectional causal flow from foreign aid to FDI in the long run. However, the study found no causal relationship between FDI and economic growth, irrespective of whether the causality test is conducted in the short run or in the long run. These empirical findings are encouragement to policy makers in Kenya to carefully channel foreign aid in productive sectors to positively influence economic growth and foreign direct investment, as most relevant targets in achieving Vision 2030 and the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).
Uloga produktivnosti ustanova rehabilitacije u hrvatskom zdravstvenom turizmu
Authors: Kordić Lana
Published: February 2024

Razvoj zdravstvenog turizma ponajviše je definiran globalnim zdravstvenim trendovima, koji osim promjena odnosa potrošača prema zdravlju, uključuju personalizaciju zdravstvenih usluga, implementaciju novih tehnologija i inovacija te održive medicinske prakse. Dodatno, ponuda zdravstvenog turizma se intenzivirala uslijed COVID-19 pandemije i stoga zdravstveni turizam ima veliki potencijal postati jedan od vodećih turističkih proizvoda. Sukladno navedenim razvojnim potencijalom, ali i trendovima na koje pružatelji usluga moraju odgovoriti, cilj rada je istražiti ukupnu faktorsku produktivnost lječilišta i specijalnih bolnica za medicinsku rehabilitaciju u Hrvatskoj tijekom razdoblja 2016. - 2021. Time će se utvrditi je li se u promatranom periodu promijenila produktivnost navedenih zdravstvenih ustanova, koje pružaju pretežito lječilišne usluge i na međunarodnom tržištu te koji su uzroci mogućih promjena. U tu je svrhu korištena analiza omeđivanja podataka (AOMP) i Malmquist indeks produktivnosti (MI). U promatranom je razdoblju ukupna faktorska produktivnost rasla za 1,63% godišnje kao rezultat pozitivnih tehnoloških promjena u prosjeku od 0,55%, dok je tehnička djelotvornosti porasla za 0,42%. Stoga se zaključuje kako su ustanove zdravstvenog turizma, inovacijama poboljšale usluge u skladu s navedenim trendovima, uz istodoban rast relativne tehničke djelotvornosti, koji pak ukazuje na poboljšanje djelotvornosti upravljačkih tijela u istim tim ustanovama.
Seasonal variation of certain nutrients and micro components of water and four hydrophytes in different polluted sites, Nile River, Aswan, Egypt
Authors: Mohamed Amal , Metwally Elzahraa , Sheded Mohamed
Published: February 2024

The chemical composition of hydrophytes is affected by many environmental and physiological factors. The content of certain nutrients and micro components in the tissues of four hydrophytes, Persicaria senegalensis L., Ceratophyllum demersum L., Potamogeton crispus L. and P. perfoliatus L., was investigated over four seasons. These hydrophytes were collected from different sites in the Nile River in Aswan subjected to domestic-like, industrial and agricultural pollutions and non-polluted conditions. The plant tissues were digested and nitrate (NO3-), phosphate (PO43-), sulfate (SO42-), calcium (Ca2+),  magnesium (Mg2+), chloride (Cl-), fluoride (F-) and bromide (Br-) were measured using atomic absorption spectroscopy. The distribution of the different hydrophytes was related to different levels or types of pollution. Persicaria senegalensis was the most tolerant of the pollution conditions that appeared in all sites during all seasons. Both pollution and seasonal variability affected the concentration of different nutrients in the tissues of the studied hydrophytes. In general, the concentration of all nutrients increased in the polluted conditions. The concentrations of NO3- and PO43- were low comparing to other nutrients in both water samples and plant tissues. The highest concentrations of SO42- were detected in summer for all studied hydrophytes. The highest concentrations of Ca2+ and Mg2+ in P. senegalensis were measured in autumn and spring, respectively.  The seasonal maxima of the concentrations of Ca2+ and Mg2+ of C. demersum, P. crispus and P. perfolitas were detected in winter, spring and autumn, respectively. In conclusion, Persicaria senegalensis was proven to have the widest range of tolerance of water quality, suggesting it could be a more reliable bio-indicator than the other three hydrophytes.
Assessment of wastewater toxicity from the pharmaceutical industry of salicylic acid and paracetamol on the roots of a plant species: Phaseolus vulgaris
Authors: Djebar Alia , Rouabhi Rachid , Berrebbah Houria , Djebar Mohammed Reda
Published: February 2024

Pharmaceutical compounds are currently a group of emerging environmental contaminantswhere their presence is reported in all ecosystems (water, soil, etc.). Their effects often resultin strong metabolic disturbances which affect all vital functions of organisms, including plantswhich are non-target species. During their development, plants can absorb and accumulatemany xenobiotics, including pharmaceutical compounds that are able to cross the root walls.In order to evaluate the toxic effects of salicylic Acid (SA) and Paracetamol (PAR) on bean(Phaseolus vulgaris) were investigated. The root length showed significant reduction with anincrease in the concentration of PAR in parallel, with an increase in the length of the rootsobtained at the highest concentration of SA. On increasing the concentration from PAR andSA, the gradual increase in fresh weight of roots was observed compared to the control. Afterexposure to the different concentrations, PAR and SA treatments caused damage to theprotein synthesis. In addition, a significant stimulation of proline synthesis is recorded aftertreatment with PAR compared with the value obtained in the presence of SA at the highestconcentration. Lipid peroxidation supported by a significant increase in MDA and H 2 O 2levels, particularly for PAR treatments, are also observed. The evaluation of the respiratoryactivity of the isolated bean roots shows an oxygen consumption related to the PARconcentrations. This consumption is much higher in the presence of SA. Finally, our resultsshow that pharmaceutical products and their residues (such as PAR and SA), released into theenvironment in large quantities and without treatment, can produce morphological,biochemical and metabolic changes in the roots of non-target plant species such as bean thatcan seriously disrupt root functioning.
Artificial intelligence and mental disorders: chicken-or-the egg issue
Authors: Ahmadi Ali
Published: February 2024

Mental illnesses are common worldwide and have negative impact on many aspects of human life. Mental disorders are caused by a variety of genetic and environmental factors. Recently it has been shown that the psychological problems, including mental disorders, are closely related to the pervasive use of information and communication technologies including artificial intelligence (AI) in modern society. Although the successful integration of AI into human life dramatically improved the quality of life, leading to decreased stress in some aspects of human life, there is great potential, numerous risks and challenges regarding AI application in human life. While revolution in AI generally increases productivity, it may diminish some of today's valuable employment opportunities, which in turn, may cause distress and psychological problems in the society. On the one hand, due to negative outcomes of AI integration into human life, AI has been reported to cause distress and mental disorders in many societies, on the other hand, increased rate of psychological problems including mental disorders forced health professionals to increase the use of AI in the mental health care to help psychologists and psychiatrists to control and treat mental disorders, making this paradoxical issue as a chicken-or-the egg issue. This mini-review aims to present the association of AI with mental disorders in the trend of human life.
Tolectin in vitro effects on TRP53 gene expression level in gastric adenocarcinoma cells
Authors: Tabaku Mirela , Noroozi Sanaz , Ahmadi Rahim
Published: February 2024

Tolectin is a non-steroid anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) which has a clinically analgesic and antipyretic activity. Although the mechanism of its action is not known, tolectin inhibits prostaglandin synthetase in vitro and lowers the plasma level of prostaglandin E in humans. Recently, the anticancer effects of tolectin has been reported in in vitro studies. The aim of this study was to investigate the in vitro tolectin effects on antitumor TRP53 gene expression level in gastric adenocarcinoma cells. The gastric adenocarcinoma (AGS) cells were divided to control group and groups treated with 0.0012, 0.0023, 0.0049, 0.0097, 0.0194, 0.0389 mmol/mL. MTT assay method was used to determine the cell viability. Relative TRP53 gene expression level was evaluated by quantitative Real Time PCR. Data were analyzed using ANOVA and student’s t-test. Cell viability significantly decreased in all groups of tolectin treated AGS cells compared to control group; however, expression level of the TRP53 gene did not significantly changed in cells treated with effective concentration of tolectin (0.0131 mmol/mL) compared with control group. Our findings indicated that tolectin has a significant cytotoxic effects on gastric adenocarcinoma cells, however, its effective cytotoxic concentration has not significant impact on antitumor TRP53 gene expression level.
Applications of agricultural waste in food industry
Authors: Barati Saeideh
Published: February 2024

Agricultural wastes are by-product outputs of production and processing of agricultural products that contain bioactive compounds, which have many benefits on human health. Agricultural wastes produced from various sources such as cultivation, livestock, industrial means, and etc are great concern because of the problems of environmental pollution, recycling and utilization. Therefore, application of agricultural wastes in any other environmentally friendly way like compost production by fermenting the agricultural, animal feed production, food production and energy production (bio gas) is suggested. It can be concluded that recycling agricultural wastes is important and necessary for environment and economical saving. This recycling of agriculture wastes enhance agricultural and food production along with improve their quality.
Hypnotherapy is Needed to Reduce Online Gaming Addiction in Adolescence
Authors: Syari Widya Rahma , Gusdiansyah Edo , Welly
Published: February 2024

Online game addiction has spread to be a widespread issue that impacts many people, especially adolescents. Adolescents with a gaming addiction impair their physical, mental, and social wellbeing and require treatment. Hypnotherapy is a cost-effective way to reduce online game addiction. This study aims to investigate the impact of hypnotherapy approaches on reducing online game addiction among adolescents. The research method used is a quasi-experimental, one-group pretest-posttest design. The study sample consisted of adolescents with severe online game addiction in the working area of the Kuranji Public Health Center, Padang City—as many as 20 adolescents. The sampling technique is purposive sampling. The data was analyzed using the Wilcoxon test, assisted by SPSS version 25. The results revealed that the average degree of online game addiction prior to receiving hypnotherapy was 55.55; however, after receiving hypnotherapy, the average value decreased to 42.45. The statistical results obtained have p values of 0.000. Hypnotherapy is recommended to be learned by every parent and teacher in order to control game addiction in their children. It is advised that parents of adolescent always supervise and instruct their children in proper behavior and establishing friends so as to prevent persistent online game addiction.
Analysis Using R Software: A Big Opportunity for Epidemiology and Public Health Data Analysis
Authors: Daswito Rinaldi , Besral Besral , Ilmaskal Radian
Published: February 2024

R is a programming language, open-source, developed by various of the world's most active statisticians with powerful function and visualization for data analysis from simple to complex data such as machine learning and artificial intelligence. Data visualization technologies have the ability to assist public health professionals with decision-making. Visualization appears to help decision making by increasing the quantity of information communicated and reducing the cognitive and intellectual strain of processing information. There are numerous commercially available statistical software packages that are widely utilized by epidemiologists worldwide. For industrialized nations, the price of software is not a significant issue. However, for underdeveloped nations, the true expenses are frequently excessive. Some academics in developing nations rely on software that has been illegally copied a copy of the software program. There are several benefits to using R, including the possibility of using software packages for free (open source) and the volume and availability of software packages. It is simple to retain and repeat commands on the same data analysis with multiple data frames, facilitating the work of health monitoring officers who frequently analyze data with similar variables but at different times.
PENERAPAN METODE REWARD DAN PUNISHMENT UNTUK MENINGKATKAN KEDISIPLINAN PESERTA DIDIK KELAS 5 DI TPA MADRASAH RIYADHUS SHALIHIN
Authors: Widya Rahmayanti  , Abdul Qodir
Published: February 2024

Karakter disiplin sangat penting dimiliki oleh manusia agar kemudian muncul nilai-nilai karakter yang baik lainnya. Pentingnya penguatan nilai karakter disiplin didasarkan pada alasan bahwa adanya perilaku yang bertentangan dengan norma kedisiplinan. Perilaku yang bertentangan dengan norma kedisiplinan ini ditemukan diberbagai bidang terutama pada bidang pendidikan. Adanya perilaku peserta didik yang melanggar kedisiplinan menjadi bahasan hampir disemua lembaga pendidikan formal maupun non-formal. Kondisi di TPA Madrasah Riyadhus Sholihin masih banyak peserta didik yang melanggar tata tertib kedisiplinan sehingga menghambat proses mengajar di TPA Madrasah Riyadhus Sholihin. Salah satu cara dalam menumbuhkan karakter kedisiplinan peserta didik dengan menggunakan metode reward dan punishment melalui penelitian tindakan kelas. Dengan perolehan siklus I diperoleh hasil ketertiban anak kriteria sangat baik hanya mencapai 17% (2 Anak), Kriteria Cukup baik mencapai 50% (6 Anak), kriteria kurang baik mencapai 25% (3 Anak), dan 1 anak tidak hadir dengan presentase 8%. Sedangkan pada siklus II mengalami kenaikan peroleh ketertiban anak didik dengan kriteria kriteria sangat baik mencapai 58% (7 anak), kriteria Cukup baik mencapai 8 % (1 Anak), kriteria kurang baik mencapai 25% dan 1 anak tidak hadir dengan presentase 8%.
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN INTEREST IN LEARNING AND LEARNING ACHIEVEMENT IN ISLAMIC RELIGIOUS EDUCATION
Authors: Egi Setiawan  , Abdul Kodir  , Yal Robiyansyah  , Tia Putri Pratiwi
Published: February 2024

This research aims to determine the relationship between interest in learning and learning achievement in Islamic Religious Education subjects at SMK Informatika Bina Generasi 2 Bogor   for the 2023/2024 academic year. This research is a type of quantitative research. Data collection techniques using questionnaires and documentation. The population in this study were students in Classes X and XI with a total of 133 students. The sample in this study consisted of 100 respondents. This sampling technique uses purposive sampling, the collection technique of which is based on certain considerations. Data analysis was tested using correlation analysis, validity, reliability, linear regression, and hypothesis testing. The results of the research show that there is a relationship between interest in learning and student achievement in Islamic Religious Education subjects. After carrying out a simple linear regression test, the value obtained from the formula Y= a+bX = 66.478 + 0.234X means that student learning achievement in Islamic religious education subjects is worth 66.478. The regression coefficient value of student interest in learning is 0.234. Apart from that, there is a significant relationship between interest in learning and PAI learning achievement at SMK Informatika Bina Generasi 2 Bogor, obtained rcount of 0.440 > rtable 0.195, while the Determination Coefficient contributes 19.4% to variable Y (Learning Achievement) in PAI subjects. The remaining 80.6% of student learning achievement is influenced by other factors. From the results of the research conducted, it was concluded that there is a significant relationship between interest in learning and student learning achievement.