bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Organic substrate and organic foliar fertilizer effect on chlorophyll index and growth in Umbuzeiro seedlings
Authors: Cavalcante Alian Cássio Pereira , Cavalcante Adailza Guilherme , Henrique Josinaldo Da Silva , Zuza José Flavio Cardoso , Dantas Murielle Magda Medeiros , Araújo Raunira da Costa
Published: February 2019

The umbuzeiro (Spondias tuberosa Arr. Cam.) is a fruit tree originating from the Caatinga biome that enjoys high acceptance in the market for in natura consumption or industrialized products; as a result, its cultivation has become of great importance for the region of Northeast Brazil. The objective was to evaluate growth, substrate temperature and chlorophyll indices in umbuzeiro seedlings at organic substrate levels and with organic foliar fertilizer (EcoLife®) applications. The experimental design was a randomized block with a factorial arrangement of 5×2, with four replicates and three plants per experiment unit. The factors corresponded to the proportions of the organic compost to the substrates (0, 25, 50, 75 and 100%), with and without foliar applications of 1% organic foliar fertilizer. The growth, leaf area and chlorophyll indices of the umbuzeiro seedlings were higher in the treatments with organic compost and foliar applications of organic foliar fertilizer.
Veleszületett csírahiánnyal társuló skeletalis eltérések vizsgálata
Authors: Mártha I. Krisztina , Cămărășan Alina , Pop Silvia Izabella , Kerekes Máthé Bernadette
Published: February 2019

Abstract:

Introduction: The incidence of congenital hypodontia is increasing in daily practice. Early diagnosis of this dental disorder and the associated skeletal malocclusions is crucial for successful and stable final rehabilitation. Aim: Comparison of cephalometric findings of patients with hypodontia of 1–4 teeth with the measurement results of the control group without teeth agenesis. Material and method: We evaluated the lateral X-ray of 41 patients with 1–4 teeth agenesis selected from patients referred for orthodontic treatment to the Orthodontic Department of the University of Medicine and Pharmacy from Târgu Mureş within a two-year period. The results were compared with the values of the age and sex matched control group. Results: Bilateral upper incisor and lower bicuspid were missing in most of the hypodontia cases. When looking at the NSGn angle predicting the growth direction of the mandible, statistically significant differences were found between the male (p = 0.012), the front (p = 0.010) and the hypodontia group (p = 0.024) and the control group. Regarding the ANB angle, which shows the sagittal position of the maxilla to the mandible, statistically significant differences were found between the subgroups (women, men, anterior or posterior hypodontia) and the control group. Conclusion: Larger number of skeletal class 3 and vertical hypodivergent tendency were observed in the hypodontia group. Orv Hetil. 2019; 160(6): 214–219.
Lépéskényszerben – új feladatok az életveszélyes perioperatív vérzések ellátásában
Authors: Babik Barna , Fazakas János , Matusovits Andrea , Fülesdi Béla
Published: February 2019

Abstract:

Severe perioperative bleeding increases perioperative morbidity and mortality. The management of the consequences imposes high burden on the human and financial resources of healthcare providers. Since 2009, there has been a continued worldwide decline in demand for allogenic blood products. This tendency can mainly be attributed to Perioperative Blood Management Program and to new innovative management applying haemostatic factor concentrates, viscoelastic assays and guidelines for treatment of the severe periprocedural bleeding patients. One of the major challenges of our times is still to match blood supply with demand. The new diagnostic and therapeutic modalities for managing the bleeding patients require new financial resources on the one hand and, on the other hand, call for redistribution of the material means provided by the health care system. Achieving interoperability between financial resources allocated to allogenic blood products and factor concentrates, the current state-of-the-art approach for managing the bleeding patient can be used to save blood and the lives of patients simultaneously. Orv Hetil. 2019; 160(6): 203–213.
Teachers as curators
Authors: Zhang Shenglan
Published: February 2019

An abundance of authentic materials is available online for language learning. To locate appropriate materials is challenging for even the most motivated learners. This requires teachers to curate authentic online content to enhance and supplement learners' learning. Content curation is the process of collecting, organizing and displaying information. This article describes the procedure and strategies one may use in curating authentic content materials for Chinese language learning online. Teachers as curators need to collect the content with the consideration of difficulty level for different learners. In addition, they should put a lot of thought into content categorization based on the learners' language levels, interests, and their language skills they would like to practice so as to make it conveniently accessible to learners. Necessary pedagogical supports should be provided with the collection.
Beyond Productivity
Authors: Mendoza-Guerra José María
Published: February 2019

As it is well known, by examining the two most important competitive scales, we find that Colombia has been placed in the middle for a long period of time, according to the position achieved in each ranking. Besides, the country’s growth rates have depended more on the price fluctuations of commodities rather than on the direction of the economy for generating value in the market. These two factors have existed for a long period of time, so it can be said that the phenomenon of under competitivity, and therefore of under growth, is a structural one. The overall sensation is that Colombia has not been able to move forward on this matter.

 As it is obvious, this situation becomes commonplace and the population starts to worry about what is happening: the fact that we simply are an average country from the competitive point of view.  As an answer, economic and business people and concerning entities within the country have proposed the need to increase productivity, echoing those voices that have underlined this variable as a key element in today’s world economy. But a question must really be asked: Is productivity enough? This means, If we aim towards an increase in productivity, can we overcome the competitivity problem?
VAKIF ÜNİVERSİTESİNDE AKADEMİSYEN OLMAK: RUTİNLER VE BU RUTİNLERİ ETKİLEYEN FAKTÖRLER
Authors: ZAYİM KURTAY Merve , DURAN Aysemin
Published: February 2019

Bir vakıf üniversitesinde görev yapan bir grup akademisyenle
yapılan bu çalışmanın amacı katılımcıların rutinlerini, bu rutinleri etkileyen
faktörleri, devlet üniversitelerine göre farklı olan yönetim anlayışı ve
üniversite uygulamalarından nasıl etkilendiklerini ve bu süreçte YÖK’ün
politikalarını kendi algı ve deneyimleriyle ortaya çıkarmaktır. Bu bağlamda,
nitel araştırma desenlerinden genel nitel araştırma deseni kullanılmış ve
maksimum çeşitlilik örneklemesi yoluyla seçilen 19 akademisyenden yarı
yapılandırılmış görüşmeler yoluyla veri toplanmıştır. Görüşmelerden elde edilen
veriler içerik analizi yöntemiyle analiz edilmiştir. Kodlardan yola çıkarak
oluşturulan temalar; algılanan iş yükü, vakıf/devlet üniversitesi koşulları,
üniversitenin koşulları ve akademik beklentiler şeklindedir. Çalışmanın
bulguları; vakıf üniversitesinde görev yapan akademisyenlerin ders çeşitliliği
ve yükünün fazlalığından ve öğrenciyle sürekli iletişim halinde olmaktan
kaynaklı olarak iş yüklerini devlet üniversitelerindeki meslektaşlarına göre
daha fazla algıladıklarını; vakıf üniversitelerinde çalışmaktan en memnun olan
profilin emekli olmuş olan profesörler olduğunu; vakıf üniversitelerinde
araştırma görevlisi yetiştirme anlayışının bulunmadığını ve YÖK’ün sisteme
direkt müdahale etmekten ziyade düzenleyici olarak görev yapması gerektiğini
göstermiştir.
OKUL MÜDÜRLERİNİN ZÜMRE ÇALIŞMALARINI YÖNETEBİLME DURUMU
Authors: YENİPINAR Şenyurt
Published: February 2019

Türk
Eğitim Sisteminde sınıf/alan öğretmenlerinin birbirlerini desteklemeleri ve
birlikte çalışmaları amacıyla zümreler oluşturulmuştur.
Zümrelerin yönetilmesi okul müdürlerinin yetki ve sorumluluğundadır. Bu sebeple okul müdürleri, yönetim süreçlerini
zümre faaliyetlerine uygulamak durumundadırlar. Araştırmada okul müdürlerinin zümre çalışmalarında yönetim süreçlerini nasıl uyguladıkları öğretmen algılarına dayalı olarak belirlemeye
çalışılmıştır. Araştırmada nitel araştırma desenlerinden durum çalışmasının iç içe geçmiş çoklu durum deseni
kullanılmıştır. Katılımcılar Türkiye’nin farklı bölgelerinde bulunan illerinden okulöncesi, ilkokul,
ortaokul ve lise kademelerinden köy, ilçe ve şehir merkezindeki farklı
büyüklüklerdeki okullarda görevli farklı deneyim sürelerine sahip
öğretmenlerden oluşmuştur. Verilerin toplanmasında odak grup görüşmesi ve yarı-yapılandırılmış görüşme teknikleri kullanılmıştır.
Veriler betimsel analizi yöntemi ile analiz edilerek sonuçlara ulaşılmıştır. Çalışma sonunda okul müdürlerinin, yönetim
süreçlerini zümre çalışmalarına uygulamada tam etkili olamadıkları
saptanmıştır. Planlama ve doküman temelli denetimde etkili olmalarına karşın
zümre faaliyetlerinin amaçlarına ulaşabilmesi için gerekli örgütleme ve
liderlik etmede etkili olmadıkları belirlenmiştir. Okul müdürleri, zümre
faaliyetlerinin dışında kalmayı tercih etmektedirler. Sonuçlar ilgili alan
yazınla ilişki kurularak tartışılmış, uygulamaya dönük olarak yöneticilerin,
zümre yönetimi konusunda bilinçlendirilmeleri; öğretmenlerin zümre çalışmaların
önemi konusunda eğitilmesi, mevzuat düzenlemelerinde zümre çalışmaları
yönetiminin dikkate alınması araştırmacılara yönelik olarak; başka
yöntem ve örneklemlerle araştırmaların yapılması, zümre çalışmaları ile ilgi
dokümanların incelenmesi, orta ve üst kademe eğitim yöneticilerinin katıldığı
araştırmaların yapılması önerilerinde
bulunulmuştur.
OKUL ÖNCESİ EĞİTİMİ ÖĞRETMENLERİNİN BİLİMSEL SÜREÇ BECERİLERİNE İLİŞKİN GÖRÜŞLERİ VE SINIF İÇİ UYGULAMALARI
Authors: BARTAN Murat , BAŞAL Handan Asûde
Published: February 2019

Bu çalışmanın amacı, Okul Öncesi Eğitimi Öğretmenlerinin Bilimsel Süreç Becerileri ne ilişkin görüşleri ve bu öğretmenlerin
sınıf içi bilimsel süreç uygulamalarına ilişkin yaptıklarını belirlemektir.

Çalışmanın örneklemi;
Araştırmada hem nicel, hem nitel araştırma yöntemleri birlikte kullanıldığı
için, araştırmanın amacına uygun olarak araştırma yöntemi Karma Yöntem olarak
belirlenmiştir. Karma Yöntemin kullanıldığı bu çalışmada veriler; ölçek, anket,
mülakat yolu ile araştırma kapsamına giren öğretmenlerden elde edilmiştir.
Çalışma grubu amaçlı örneklem yöntemi ile belirlenmeye çalışılmıştır Bunun için
araştırma, Kütahya il merkezinde görev yapan 81 okul öncesi eğitim öğretmen
üzerinde ölçek ve anket çalışmaları yürütülmüş, ayrıca bu öğretmenlerin
içindeki 10 öğretmenle de mülakat yapılmıştır.

Araştırmadan elde
edilen veriler üzerinde betimleyici istatistiksel analizler yapılarak yüzde,
frekans, ortalama, standart sapma değerleri hesaplanmış ve tablolar halinde
gösterilmiştir. Ayrıca öğretmenlerin bilimsel süreç becerilerini kullanma
düzeyleri ise görüşme analizleri ile saptanmıştır.

Araştırmanın sonuçlarına
göre; okul öncesi eğitimi öğretmenlerinin bilimsel süreç becerilerine ilişkin
bilgi düzeylerinin orta düzeyde, aşinalık ve farkındalıklarının da düşük olduğu
ve sınıf içi uygulamalarda ise yetersiz kaldıkları belirlenmiştir
EVLİLİKTE BAĞIŞLAMA ÖLÇEĞİ-OLAY: TÜRKÇE’YE UYARLAMA, GEÇERLİK ve GÜVENİRLİK ÇALIŞMASI
Authors: DURMUŞ Emine , MANAP Abdullah
Published: February 2019

Bu çalışmanın amacı, Fincham, Beach & Davila tarafından 2004
yılında geliştirilen Evlilikte Bağışlama Ölçeği-Olay “Marital Forgiveness
Scale-Event”ın Türkçe formunun evli bireylerde kullanılmak
üzere psikometrik özelliklerinin sınanmasıdır. Araştırmanın örneklemini 18-64
yaşları arasındaki 521 evli birey oluşturmaktadır. Ölçeğin Türkçe formu istatistiksel analizler
kullanılarak, faktör yapısı, ölçüt geçerliği, iç tutarlılığı, madde analizi
(düzeltilmiş madde-toplam korelasyonu, alt %27-üst %27 t testi) açısından
değerlendirilmiştir. Elde edilen bulgulara göre ölçek orjinalinde olduğu gibi 9
maddelik bir yapıya sahiptir. Ayrıca ortak faktör varyansının .55 ile .76
arasında değiştiği, Kaiser Meyer Olkin sonucunun .782 olduğu, doğrulayıcı
faktör analizi sonuçlarının mükemmel ve kabul edilebilir seviyelerde olduğu
saptanmıştır. Bu araştırma, Evlilikte Bağışlama Ölçeği-Olay’ın yurtiçinde
uygulanabilir psikometrik özellikler taşıdığını ve evli bireylerde bağışlama
düzeyini belirlemek amacıyla kullanılabilir olduğunu ortaya koymaktadır.
APARTMANLAR OYUNUNUN ORTAOKUL MATEMATİK ÖĞRETMEN ADAYLARININ UZAMSAL GÖRSELLEŞTİRME YETENEKLERİNE OLAN ETKİSİ
Authors: ZEYBEK Nilüfer , SAYGI Elif
Published: February 2019

Bu çalışmanın amacı zeka oyunlarından
biri olan Apartmanlar Oyununun ortaokul matematik öğretmen adaylarının uzamsal
görselleştirme yeteneklerine olan etkisini incelemektir. Bu amaçla bir devlet
üniversitesinde 2.sınıfta öğrenim gören 30 adet ortaokul matematik öğretmen
adayıyla çalışılmıştır. Çalışmada uygulama 15 oturumda gerçekleştirilmiştir.
Uygulama sürecinde Ortaokul Zeka Oyunları Programı’nda (2013) belirtildiği gibi
Düzey 1 (başlangıç), Düzey 2 (orta) ve Düzey 3 (ileri) olmak üzere üç düzeyde
Apartmanlar Oyunu oynatılmıştır. Uygulama başlangıcında ve sonunda uzamsal
görselleştirme yeteneğinin ölçülmesi amacıyla MGMP Uzamsal Görselleştirme Testi
uygulanmıştır. Testten elde edilen veriler nicel olarak analiz edilmiştir.
Yapılan analizler sonucunda Apartmanlar Oyunu oynamanın ortaokul matematik
öğretmen adaylarının uzamsal görselleştirme yeteneklerine pozitif yönde etkisi
olduğu belirlenmiştir.
In situ sequencing for RNA analysis in tissue sections v1
Authors: Gyllborg Daniel , Yokota Chika , Nilsson Mats
Published: February 2019

In situ sequencing method for parallel targeted analysis of short RNA fragments in morphologically preserved tissue. This protocol can be used to detect RNA molecules at the single cell level to aid in the identification of cell types according to their gene expression. The technique uses padlock probes to target desired genes of interest and rolling circle amplification to amplify signal for a high throughput methodolgy of spatial transcriptomics. With the use of barcode sequencing, identification of numerous genes is possible through multiplexing.
Single-cell mapping of lineage and identity via CellTagging v6
Authors: A. Biddy Brent , Kong Wenjun , Kamimoto Kenji , Guo Chuner , Waye Sarah , Sun Tao , A Morris Samantha
Published: February 2019

Single-cell technologies are offering unprecedented insight into complex biology, revealing the behavior of rare cell populations that are typically masked in bulk population analyses. One current limitation of single-cell approaches is that lineage relationships are lost as a result of cell processing, restricting interpretations of the data collected. Elegant computational approaches have been developed in an effort to infer these missing observations, but it remains a challenge to reconstruct true reprogramming trajectories using these tools. Although sophisticated lineage tracing solutions to connect cell history with fate are emerging, these protocols are either not compatible with high-throughput scRNA-seq, or require genome editing strategies that are not readily deployed in some systems. Here, our protocol describes a single-cell resolution clonal tracking approach, ‘CellTagging’, based on combinatorial cell indexing, permitting the parallel capture of lineage information and cell identity. CellTagging integrates with high-throughput single-cell RNA-sequencing, where iterative rounds of cell labeling enable the construction of multi-level lineage trees. This straightforward lentiviral-labeling approach can be applied to an array of cell biological applications to simultaneously profile lineage and identity, at single-cell resolution.
REPUBLIC OF SERBIAN KRAINA: FROM THE BIRTH TO THE FALL
Authors: Demeshchuk A.
Published: February 2019

In this article we analize a historical experience of self-declared Rebublic of Serbian Kraina, that appeared in 1991 on a territory of Croatia and was destroyed in 1995. The consideration goes on in context of Serbian-Croatian military opposition during Yugoslav crisis of 1990-es. The historical background of Serbian separatism and the course of Serbian secession from new independent Republic of Croatia are being analyzed there. We course such aspects of Republic of Serbian Kraina’s existence like state-political development, inner political struggle (special attention) and foreign affairs, social-economical domain, cultural and educational policy and military building. The history of military defeat of this self-declared republic from Croatia, causes and consequenses of it are also shortly described. On the basis of this material we make the conclusions about the experience of Croatian Serbs’ state building and about their main problems and contradictions. Serbian and Croatian scientifical literature, weakly known in Ukraine, was used during the writing of this article.
UKRAINIAN LANGUAGE AND IDENTITY OF THE SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC ELITE OF UKRAINE (THE LATE 19 – EARLY 20TH CC.)
Authors: Kazakevych O.
Published: February 2019

The article discusses the problem of national identity and linguistic consciousness of the Ukrainian social and economic elite in turn of the 19-20 cc. In contrast to the widespread opinion, the author states that a lot of the Ukrainian entrepreneurs and rich landowners were deeply involved in the process of the Ukrainian nation building. They shared the Ukrainian identity and promoted the usage of the Ukrainian language. Some of them, including O. Alchevskyi, V. Symyrenko, E. Miloradovych, H. Galagan, E. Chykalenko, belonged to the upper class of the Ukrainian society and invested large sums of money into the development of the Ukrainian studies and teaching in Ukrainian language in both Russian and Austro-Hungarian empires. Their financial support potentiated the activity of Ukrainian research, literary and artistic societies, including the Kyiv Hromada, Prosvita, South-Western branch of the Russian Geographical society, Shevchenko Scientific Society, publishing the Ukrainian journals and newspapers “Osnova”, “Kievskaya Starina”, “Hromada”, “Literaturno-naukovyi visnyk”, “Hromadska dumka”, “Rada” etc. In conclusion it is stated that during the late 19 – early 20th cc. the financial support provided by the social and economic elite was critically important for the formation of the modern Ukrainian nation.
GEOCHRONOLOGY OF LITHIUM-BEARING GRANITOIDS OF INGUL MEGABLOCK (UKRAINIAN SHIELD)
Authors: Stepanyuk L. , Hrinchenko O. , Slobodian B. , Semka V. , Kurylo S. , Dovbush T.
Published: February 2019

Rare-metal elements are strategic metals which, in general, are extremely important for economic development or maintenance of defence capability of any country at the modern level. The list of needs for these strategic metals ranges depending on the level of economic development of certain country, but in general it includes such elements as Li, Ta, Nb, Be, Sb, W, REE and others. The majority of these elements has the lithophilous nature and, therefore, is characterized by close genetic relations with granites and pegmatites associated with them. In the world, industrial production of lithium is shared between deposits to lithium-bearing brine of saline depositions of marine basins (Argentina, Chile), some granites (China) and rare-metal pegmatites (Australia, China, Zimmbabve). In pegmatites lithium mineralization is represented mainly by spodumene (LiAlSi2O6), But other lithium-containing metallic minerals can also play an important role in production of this metal – petalite (LiAlSi4O10), minerals of lepidolite (Sa [Li,Al]3[Si,Al]4O10[F,OH]2) and amblygonite-montebrasite (LiAlPO4 [F,OH]) series. Rare-metal pegmatite of Ingul megablock of Ukrainian Shield can be treated as unique (insufficiently studied in world practice) pegmatitic formations in which the main metallic mineral is represented by petalite. In metallogenic interpretations two ore districts can be distinguished within the megablok, that are specialized on rare metals (Li, Rb, Cs, Be, Ta, Nb, Sn) – Polohivka and Stankuvatka. Deposits and numerous ore manifestations of rare metals formed in rather similar geological and tectonic conditions and have many common features – both country rocks composition and mineralogic composition of ores. Within Ingul megablock (Shpola-Tashlyk rare-metal district) a number of lithium rare-metal deposits associated with pegmatites is discovered. In order to determine the age of lithium mineralization in granites of Lypniazhka, Taburyshche massifs and vein bodies of pegmatitic and aplito-pegmatitic granites, which are selected from different localities of this megablock, are dated by U-Pd isotopic method by monazites. It is established that emplacement of vein granites of Ingul megablock occurred within rather narrow age interval – 2040-2020 Ma and it is not significantly separated in time from formation of most granitoids they are spatially associated with. This fact, together with geological evidences, gives grounds to make the assumption that rare-metal lithium pegmatite are formed in the same age interval.
Infective Endocarditis on the Tricuspid Valve in a Neonate
Authors: Ismaili Hajrije Hajro , Jashari Haki , Merovci Besart , Hasbahta Teuta , Kusari Zana , Kerleshi Donika , Henein Michael
Published: February 2019

A full-term female neonate with infective endocarditis was reviewed. Transthoracic echocardiography showed vegetations attached to the tricuspid valve. The baby had clinical signs of septicaemia and positive blood culture Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Thus, echocardiography remains an important tool in the diagnosis and follow-up of infective endocarditis.
Algorithm of molecular genetic investigation to identify hereditary BRCA-associated breast cancer
Authors: Snigireva G. P. , Rumyantseva V. A. , Novikova E. I. , Novitskaya N. N. , Telysheva E. N. , Khazins E. D. , Shaikhaev E. G.
Published: February 2019

Background: About 30%  of cases of hereditary breast cancer (BC) are associated with the BRCA1 and BRCA2 gene mutations. The absence of the programs of mandatory genetic screening for hereditary BRCA-associated BC in Russia, as well as of an algorithm for molecular genetic testing does not allow fully accomplishing the necessary preventive, diagnostic and medical measures.

Aim: To elaborate an algorithm for molecular genetic testing of BC patients in order to improve the efficacy of identification of the hereditary nature of the disease.

Materials and methods: The study is based on the analysis of the results of molecular genetic testing of 3826 BC patients aged from 22 to 90 years, who were examined and treated in the Russian Research Center of Roentgenoradiology (Moscow) from 2010 to 2016. At the first stage of the study, germinal mutation in the BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes prevalent in the Russian population were identified by the real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). At the second stage, we searched for rare genetic variants of these genes by the ‘next generation sequencing’ (NGS) method.

Results: The real-time PCR (the first stage) showed that the prevalence of the most typical for the Russian population mutations in the BRCA1 gene, associated with BC risk, was 3.5% (132/3826 BC patients). No carriers of the BRCA2 mutations were identified. Based on the analysis of a  questionnaire survey and primary medical documentation, a group of 717 patients was selected from the total cohort, who had clinical features of the hereditary disease (CFHD). In this group, the BRCA1 and BRCA2 gene mutations were found in 126 patients (17.6%). At the second stage, a group of 193 patients with CFHD and no BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations prevalent in the Russian population was investigated by NGS. Rare pathogenic mutations of these genes were found in 27  patients (14%). In total, it may be concluded that at least 30% of the BC patients with CFHD have germinal mutations in the BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes. Based on the data obtained, we have developed the algorithm of molecular genetic testing of BC patients aimed at identification of the hereditary nature of the disease.

Conclusion: The high frequency of mutations in the BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes found in this study in BC patients with CFHD confirms the necessity of genetic testing for this hereditary disease. The information on its hereditary nature allows for the introduction of essential therapy modification with a personalized approach. Regular follow-up of patients with hereditary BC and prevention of new BC cases and other cancers (ovarian, gastric, pancreatic and prostate cancer, as well as melanoma) in their relatives with BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations have to be implemented by a multidisciplinary team (specialists in mammology, gynecology, oncology, medical genetics, chemotherapy and psychotherapy).
Characteristics of the mutation spectrum identified by comprehensive investigation of the CFTR gene in the Russian patients
Authors: Petrova N. V. , Marakhonov A. Yu. , Vasilyeva T. A. , Kashirskaya N. Yu. , Kondratyeva E. I. , Zhekayte E. K. , Voronkova A. Yu. , Sherman V. D. , Galkina V. A. , Ginter E. K. , Kutsev S. I. , Zinchenko R. A.
Published: February 2019

Rationale: Cystic fibrosis (CF; OMIM 219700) is a  common hereditary disease caused by mutations in the CFTR gene (OMIM 602421). The distribution and frequencies of the CFTR gene mutations vary considerably between countries and ethnic groups. By now about 11%  alleles of the CFTR gene remain unidentified after testing for frequent mutations in the Russian patients. A full determination of the mutation spectrum in the CFTR gene is necessary to optimize medical and genetic assistance to the population and to implement the achievements of targeted therapy in the treatment of CF patients.

Materials and methods: The sample included 121 Russian CF patients, in whom testing for 34 routinely analyzed mutations did not identify one (n = 107) or both (n = 14) mutant alleles. Assessment of the coding sequence of the CFTR gene, including the regions of exon-intron junctions, 5’- and 3’-untranslated regions was performed by the Sanger sequencing method; in addition, the search for large rearrangements was conducted by the multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (MLPA) method.

Results: In addition to the previously identified, 88  more variants were determined, including 28  missense mutations, 15  nonsense mutations, 18 frameshift mutations (14 deletions, 4  insertions), 14  splicing mutations, 1  in-frame insertion, 1  in-frame deletion, 1  in/del mutation, and 10  large rearrangements (7  deletions, 3  duplications). Twenty three (23) novel variants were sequenced. Four (4) complex mutant alleles were found. Sixty (60) variants are found once each. One hundred and thirty four (134) of 135 tested mutant alleles were identified.

Conclusion: Consequent use of the sequencing and MLPA methods has allowed for identification of a high proportion of the tested mutant alleles in CF patients from Russia (134/135, > 99%), to detect a  significant diversity of the CFTR mutation spectrum (88  additional variants, 32  of them novel), a  number of repeated mutations (c.2353C>T, c.1240_1244delCAAAA, c.1766+1G>A and c.3929G>A) encountered in 5 or more unrelated patients, which could be included in the panel of routinely analyzed variants in the Russian CF patients; and a high proportion of large rearrangements of the CFTR gene.
Transformaciones sociales educativas desde procesos investigativos
Authors: Buitrago-Bonilla Rafael Enrique
Published: February 2019

Si bien es cierto que la investigación en Colombia ha venido ganando terreno de una manera importante y que el país se encuentra en lugares intermedios en el contexto latinoamericano en cuanto a productividad e inversión, así como en políticas investigativas, aún es bajo el impacto de las revistas científicas nacionales (Colciencias, 2016). La investigación se sigue relegando de manera preponderante a las instituciones de educación superior [IES], las cuales con recursos incipientes y con un limitado tiempo para los investigadores deben generar indicadores, productividad e intentar impactos tangibles en los contextos sociales y educativos.
AÇÕES SOCIAIS E OS SERVIÇOS DE SAÚDE PÚBLICA DOS MUNICÍPIOS MEMBROS DA COMISSÃO INTERSETORIAL REGIONAL - CIR - ITAPEVA (SP)
Authors: Picchiai Djair , Deppa Renata Corrêa
Published: February 2019

Este artigo apresenta um estudo sobre ações sociais e os serviços de Saúde Pública dos quinze municípios que compõem a Comissão Intersetorial Regional (CIR) de Itapeva – SP. É um estudo de caso composto por aplicação de um questionário sobre a percepção dos usuários dos serviços dos Postos de Saúde. Discorre sobre os conceitos de empreendedorismo social, histórico dos serviços, estrutura e funcionamento do SUS e gestão em Saúde. Descreve aspectos da estrutura da saúde pública no Estado de São Paulo e dos municípios que compõem a CIR de Itapeva – SP. Com base nos resultados dos questionários respondidos pelos usuários e uma apuração de indicadores sociais e de Saúde Pública dos municípios da CIR Itapeva e de municípios com referencial de excelência em Saúde Pública no Brasil, a pesquisa aponta que há uma percepção de ações sociais desenvolvidas nos municípios da CIR Itapeva - SP, porém, o envolvimento dos colaboradores dos serviços de Saúde Pública ainda é limitado. Aponta que uma cobertura ampla da Atenção Básica é um dos principais fatores para melhoria nos índices de desempenho em saúde pública no município.
PENINGKATAN KEPERCAYAAN DIRI SISWA TERHADAP MATEMATIKA DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN PENDEKATAN CTL (REACT)
Authors: Ibrahim Malik
Published: February 2019

The current study aims to describe the effectiveness of CTL approach (REACT) to improve students' self confidence in mathematics. It is a classroom action research (PTK). The subjects of the study were students of grade VIII MTs Nurul Ihsan Sukarara in the academic year 2017/2018 consisting of 29 students. Data analysis technique used is descriptive analysis. The findings show that students' confidence in mathematics in the first cycle reached 10.3% for high category, 55.2% for moderate, and 34.5% for low category. Meanwhile, in the second cycle students' self-confidence score on mathematics reached 6.9% for very high category, 72.41% for high category, and 20.69% for moderate. This study indicates that there is an increase of students' self confidence in mathematics due to CTL approach (REACT).
Functional Outcome and Revision Rate Are Independent of Limb Alignment Following Oxford Medial Unicompartmental Knee Replacement
Authors: Kennedy J.A. , Molloy J. , Jenkins C. , Mellon S.J. , Dodd C.A.F. , Murray D.W.
Published: February 2019

Background:

There is controversy about optimal limb alignment following knee replacement. An aim of using Oxford medial unicompartmental knee replacement (UKR) implants is to accurately restore normal ligament tension in the knee, thereby restoring normal kinematics. This return to normal tension typically results in a return to prearthritic alignment, which is frequently varus. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between postoperative limb alignment and postoperative patient-reported outcome and implant revision rate.

Methods:

We used a consecutive cohort of 891 knees with cemented Oxford medial UKR implants with a mean 10-year follow-up and recorded alignment. We grouped knees according to postoperative mechanical alignment as marked varus (estimated at 10°), mild varus (estimated at 5°), neutral, and valgus. The mean Oxford Knee Score (OKS) was calculated at 5 and 10 years postoperatively. Revision risk was assessed by survival analysis and component-time incidence rates.

Results:

Postoperatively, 67 (8%) of the 891 knees were in marked varus; 308 (35%), in mild varus; 508 (57%), in neutral; and 8 (1%), in valgus. The valgus group (8 knees) was too small for further analysis. The mean OKS (and standard deviation [SD]) at 10 years postoperatively was 41.7 ± 7 for marked varus, 40.5 ± 8 for mild varus, and 39.4 ± 9 for neutral alignment (p = 0.28). At 10 years, 92%, 85%, and 76% achieved a good or excellent OKS outcome, respectively (p = 0.02). Twelve-year survival rates were 93.3% for marked varus, 93.2% for mild varus, and 93.6% for neutral alignment, respectively (p = 0.53). Revision incidence rates per 100 component-years were 0.49 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.2 to 1.5), 0.36 (95% CI, 0.2 to 0.7), and 0.54 (95% CI, 0.4 to 0.8), respectively, and were not significantly different (p = 0.53).

Conclusions:

Marked postoperative varus mechanical alignment of an estimated 10° was present in 8%, and mild varus of about 5° was present in 35%. Increasing varus alignment was associated with an increasing percentage of good or excellent OKS outcomes, but otherwise there were no significant differences between alignment groups in patient-reported outcome or revision rate. These data support the standard operative technique for the Oxford UKR, which aims to restore ligament tension and therefore prearthritic alignment rather than neutral mechanical alignment.

Level of Evidence:

Therapeutic Level IV. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
LA INSTRUMENTACIÓN DE UNA DEUDA PREEXISTENTE EN PAGARÉS PREVIA A LA DECLARACIÓN DE CONCURSO
Authors: Espigres Huete José Carlos
Published: February 2019

Planteamiento: ingeniería del jurista y acto concreto que se pretende rescindir.
Corn Response to Long‐Term Phosphorus Fertilizer Application Rate and Placement with Strip‐Tillage
Authors: Preston C.L. , Ruiz Diaz D.A. , Mengel D.B.
Published: February 2019

Core Ideas

Results showed a significant effect of P fertilizer rate and placement in early season whole plant P uptake, ear leaf P concentration, grain P concentration, and yield over the course of this study but particularly after multiple years of treatment application.

Early P uptake in corn was consistently higher with deep band P fertilizer applications and with starter fertilizer with the planter.

The long‐term evaluation of P fertilizer placement showed that deep‐band P placement only seldom resulted in higher yields. The use of starter fertilizer increased average grain yield, particularly for high‐yielding systems.

Multiple years of phosphorus (P) fertilizer application may be needed before the agronomic and environmental effect of P fertilizer placement and application rate become noticeable. The objective of this study was to evaluate the long‐term effects of P placement on corn (Zea mays L.) with strip‐tillage. The study was conducted for 10 yr at two locations in Kansas in a corn and soybean (Glycine max L.) rotation from 2006 to 2015. Strip‐tillage was conducted before corn and soybean were planted without previous tillage. Phosphorus fertilizer placement and rate treatments included a control, broadcast at 20 kg P ha−1 and 39 kg P ha−1, deep‐band at 20 kg P ha−1, and 39 kg P ha−1, in a factorial combination with two starter fertilizer treatments (with and without starter fertilizer). Response parameters included V6 whole plant P uptake, ear leaf P, grain P concentration, and yield. Phosphorus fertilizer increased crop response parameters when compared to the control including yield for some years or across years at the two locations. However, corn response was similar among the P rate‐place treatments with generally higher values for the P rate of 39 kg P ha−1. The use of starter fertilizers in combination with broadcast or deep‐band P fertilizer resulted in greater P uptake, ear leaf P and grain P; however only increased yield at one location. Results from this study showed similar corn yield for deep‐band and broadcast P fertilizer under strip‐tillage and starter fertilizer increased yield for a high‐yielding, low soil test P location.
Dual Application of Ethephon and DCPTA Increases Maize Yield and Stalk Strength
Authors: Li L.L. , Gu W.R. , Li C.F. , Li W.H. , Chen X.C. , Zhang L.G. , Wei S.
Published: February 2019

Core Ideas

Combined treatment with ethephon and DCPTA enhanced stalk mechanical strength of maize.

Combined treatment with ethephon and DCPTA improved the post‐anthesis dry matter accumulation of maize.

Combined treatment with ethephon and DCPTA improved the grain yield of maize.

The combination of ethephon (2‐chloroethyl phosphonic acid, ETH) and 2‐diethylaminoethyl‐3,4‐dichlorophenylether (DCPTA) has been used in maize (Zea mays L.) production in Northeast China, but limited information is available on the effectiveness of ETH+DCPTA. In this study, field experiments were conducted with two maize hybrids, ZhengDan 958 (‘ZD958’) and DongNong 254 (‘DN254’), which were planted at a density of 75,000 plants ha−1, to study the influence of ETH, DCPTA, and ETH+DCPTA on stalk quality (rind penetration strength [RPS], stalk bending strength [SBS], dry weight per unit, cross‐sectional area, and rind thickness), photosynthetic characteristics, bleeding sap, dry matter accumulation (DMA), and yield. Ethephon significantly reduced the lodging rate, plant height, ear height, and center of gravity of both maize hybrids and increased the RPS, SBS, dry weight per unit, cross‐sectional area, and thickness over the 2 yr. Ethephon also significantly decreased the leaf area index (LAI), chlorophyll content (SPAD value), net photosynthetic rate (Pn) and bleeding sap levels and accelerated leaf senescence, which ultimately decreased the yields. Although the application of DCPTA tended to increase the LAI, Pn, and bleeding sap levels and delayed leaf senescence, the plant height, ear height and the center of gravity also increased markedly, resulting in poorer stalk lodging resistance and higher lodging rate. Greater green leaf area, photosynthetic ability and bleeding sap levels and delayed leaf senescence in response to ETH+DCPTA mainly contributed to the increased postanthesis DMA. Thus, the application of ETH+DCPTA could provide a stable method for increasing the maize grain yield.
QTL Mapping of Charcoal Rot Resistance in PI 567562A Soybean Accession
Authors: da Silva Marcos P. , Klepadlo Mariola , Gbur Edward E. , Pereira Andy , Mason Richard E. , Rupe John C. , Bluhm Burt H. , Wood Lisa , Mozzoni Leandro A. , Chen Pengyin
Published: February 2019

Charcoal rot of soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.], caused by the soilborne fungus Macrophomina phaseolina (Tassi) Goid., has ranked among the most important soybean diseases in the United States. Disease management is typically done in a multifaceted approach through crop rotation, tillage, irrigation, and seed treatments aimed at minimizing damage caused by the pathogen. Development of genetic resistance to charcoal rot appears to be the most efficient strategy to control the disease; however, there are no reports of genetic regions associated with resistance to the disease. The objective of this study was to identify quantitative trait loci (QTLs) governing resistance to charcoal rot in soybean using a biparental population of PI 567562A (resistant) × PI 567437 (susceptible). A total of 140 F2–derived lines were genotyped with 5403 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers covering 20 chromosomes, of which 2283 were polymorphic. Resistance to charcoal rot was evaluated in the F2:3 lines using the cut‐stem inoculation technique under greenhouse conditions. The QTL mapping analysis indicated one QTL on chromosome 15 explaining 29.4% of phenotypic variation, and two QTLs on chromosome 16 explaining 25.4 and 8.4% of phenotypic variation for resistance to M. phaseliona. To our knowledge, this is the first report of genomic regions harboring resistance to charcoal rot in soybean, and it may facilitate breeding and molecular engineering progress to combat charcoal rot disease in the future.
Estudo de viabilidade do aproveitamento energético do gás de aterro na Cidade de Juiz de Fora (Minas Gerais, Brasil) considerando três cenários diferentes
Authors: Mensah Jonhson Herlich Roslee , Rita Carla Sonaria
Published: February 2019

Impactos ambientais negativos tais que a poluição ambiental, o aquecimento global, a degradação do solo e lençol freático e também as doenças relacionadas são consequências das ações antrópicas realizadas pelo ser humano. Note-se que a base de todos esses problemas ambientais é a geração de resíduos sólidos que está diretamente relacionada ao crescimento populacional. Assim, tornou-se importante o estudo desses resíduos gerados para ter um conhecimento sobre suas composições e classifica-las além de trata-las e dar um destino final adequado a eles a fim de garantir uma qualidade de vida melhor para as gerações futuras. Diante desse fato, surgiu a Política Nacional de Resíduos Sólidos (PNRS), que descreveu a necessidade de limpeza urbana e coleta seletiva, a partir da implantação de metas para melhor destinação desses resíduos. Para ter uma noção da quantidade de resíduos sólidos gerada na cidade de Juiz de Fora (MG), realizou-se uma projeção populacional para um período de 20 anos, seguida de uma análise da construção de um aterro sanitário para o mesmo período de projeto. Em seguida, através do programa Waste Reduction Model (WARM) foi feita a análise de três cenários, considerando a reciclagem de materiais e uso para compostagem, sendo os cenários 2 e 3 com o aproveitamento de gás para geração energética. De posse dos resultados obtidos para cada cenário, realizou-se a análise comparativa da viabilidade econômica deles e por fim determinou-se o melhor cenário a ser adotado para a cidade de Juiz de Fora (MG).
Comments on: The Knowledge Level of Turkish Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients about Their Diseases
Authors: Karpuz Savaş
Published: February 2019

This letter contains a brief comment about the "The Knowledge Level
of Turkish Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients about Their Diseases " that
presented by Bozbas and Gurer. In
this trial authors attracts the attention of the readers on patient education
in a chronic disease. Study aimed to assess
the level of disease specific knowledge of the patients with Rheumatoid
Arthritis. Patients with Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) were evaluated
about the awareness level of patients, and the “Patient Knowledge Questionnaire
in Rheumatoid Arthritis (PKQ-RA)” was used in this high-quality study. Firstly,
studied internal consistency of the
Turkish version of PKQ-RA was high with Cronbach’s alpha of 0.71. and according to the results most of
the patients (86.7%) reported that they had gained the information about RA
from their physicians.  Age, education, socioeconomic status, and family
history of disease were associated with the Patients’ knowledge levels. But in conclusion authors unnoticed a previous
study titled as “The assessment of knowledge level about their disease in
patients with rheumatoid arthritis” and published by Karahan et al. In this
earlier study authors firstly used the Turkish version of the PKQ-RA to
evaluate the level of knowledge about the disease of patients with RA. Also,
authors reported the very low level of knowledge.

These two
papers gain important contribution about the needs of the patient education.
Patient education is important step of the treatment in the chronic disease and
more clinical studies need especially from developed countries such as Turkey.
Ailelerin Sarsılmış Bebek Sendromu Hakkında Bilgi Düzeyi
Authors: Meral Gülsen , Çelik Yusuf , Tunaligil Verda , Yaşar Ruveyda , Kılınç Tuğba , Güngör Ebru , Tahiroğlu Secda , Yapaner Ecenur , Zengin Kübra , Kaymaz Hatice
Published: February 2019

Amaç: Sarsılmış Bebek Sendromu psikomotor gelişimin
gecikmesi, öğrenme, konuşma zorlukları, fiziksel, zihinsel bozukluklar gibi
beyin hasarlarına yol açabilir, Çalışmamızın amacı ailelerin sarsılmış bebek
sendromunu hakkında bilgilerini ölçmektir. Gereç ve Yöntemler: Çalışma Ocak-Mart 2016 tarihleri
arasında 170 kadın 16 erkek ebeveyni içermektedir. Ebeveynlerin bebeklerini
avutma yöntemleri ve sarsılmış bebek sendromun hakkındaki bilgi düzeyi 32
soruluk olan anket ile değerlendirildi. Kullanılan anketin nominal soruları
dışındaki, sorular için güvenilirlik analizi Cronbach's Alpha katsayısı % 85
olarak bulundu.Bulgular: Çalışma %8,6'sı (n=16) baba,
%91,4'ü anne (n=170) toplam 186 olgu
ile gerçekleştirildi. Ebeveynlerin sarsılmış bebek sendromu hakkında bilgi
sahibi olma oranı %16 olarak belirlendi. “Bebekleri sarsmanın zararı var mı?”
sorusuna %87,6 evet yanıt verdi, “Annenin eğitim durumunun bebeği sarsmanın
bebeğe zararı var mıdır?” sorusuna istatistik olarak anlamlı fark bulundu (p=0,019).
Annenin eğitim durumu ile bebeklerin ayakta sallanmaması durumu
karşılaştırıldığında fark önemli bulundu (p=0,001). Kız ve erkek bebeği olan
ebeveynler aynı karşılaştırma için farkın önemli olduğu belirlendi (p=0,045).

Tartışma ve Sonuç: Sarsılmış bebek
sendromu ve bebeklerini avutma yöntemleri konusunda ebeveynlerin bilgileri
yetersiz olduğu görüldü.  Sarsılmış bebek
sendromu hakkında ve bebekleri avutma yöntemleri konusunda yapılacak
eğitimin sarsılmış bebek sendromu önlenmesi açısından önemli sonuçlar vereceği
bulundu.
Comparison of Thermal Foot Maps between Diabetic Patients with Neuropathic, Vascular, Neurovascular, and No Complications
Authors: Astasio-Picado Álvaro , Martínez Elena Escamilla , Gómez-Martín Beatriz
Published: February 2019

Background:

Diabetes mellitus is a public health problem worldwide. The diabetic foot has
a degenerate vascular structure, and its patients present neurological problems, which require the earliest
possible identification.

Introduction:

The objective of the research was to use infrared thermography to analyze the temperature
difference of the feet of users with diabetes mellitus with neuropathy, vasculopathy, neurovascular
disease, or none of them, segmenting the sole of the foot in four areas for the study.

Methods:

A type of descriptive, cross-sectional and observational study was developed in a group of
277 patients with diabetic pathology (138 men and 139 women), with an average age of 63.41 ± 17.69
years and a body mass index of 29.08 ± 5.86, delimited in four groups: 22 (7.94%) with neuropathy, 32
(11.55%) with vasculopathy, 83 (29.96%) with neurovasculopathy and 140 (50.54%) without previous
pathology. Thus, almost half of the sample (49.46%) presented some type of complication (neuropathic,
vasculopathic or both). The photographic images were made with an infrared camera model FLIR
E60bx®. The data obtained were analyzed using the IBM SPSS Statistics 22 statistical program.

Results:

There were lower temperatures under the 1st metatarsal head, the 5th metatarsal head, the heel,
and pulp of the big toe of both left and right feet of the patients in the neuropathy, vasculopathy, and
neurovasculopathy groups relative to the group with neither pathology.

Conclusion:

Infrared thermography can be useful in assessing the foot at risk to reveal the variability of
temperature according to the study area, which may be useful for medical judgment and the predisposition
to identify lesions in compromised regions of the foot.