bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Perceptions of Spatiality: Supramodal Meanings and Metaphors in Therapeutic Environments
Authors: Liddicoat Stephanie
Published: August 2018

This paper explores the perceptions of the spatiality of individuals who self-harm, with the aim of understanding the design aspects which foster supportive therapeutic environments. Analysis of responses found that there were key similarities in areas of perception of architectural interior space, refuting the commonly held view that all architectural response is purely subjective, and that subjective experience cannot be shared. Three examples of perceptions of interior therapeutic environments are discussed to highlight how the perceptions of spatiality of individuals who self-harm consists of a particular cluster of spatial understandings, behaviours and focuses, manifesting as a strong emotional overtone overlaid onto built environments. This includes common kinds of triggers and emotional reactions provoked by aspects of the built environment. This paper discusses architectural aspects in relation to subjectivity in perception, constructs of interiority, and the role of supramodal engagement in influencing perceptual responses to interior space. By understanding how individuals who self-harm experience a space, a greater comprehension of the design of these environments delivering mental health services may be enabled. This paper tables a series of research-derived design suggestions to facilitate supportive therapeutic spaces. This paper also proposes a series of further research directions to explore the relationships between constructs of interiority, the physical interior space, and the therapeutic function for which they are designed.
indeterminate duration
Authors: Carey James
Published: August 2018

Interiority, in relation to my practice, is the inherent curiosity to the notions of process, time and duration. It is a practice of mark making, marking time, making time, and time making; foregrounding duration and marking an occurrence. My technique is one of working responsively to interiors, allowing particular temporal conditions to surface within specific sites and situations. The marks – whether they be on a canvas, a house, a building, or within a gallery – materialise immateriality and allow the residue of particular processes to be assembled as collections of materialised and spatialised time. This paper discusses an artist residency undertaken in Detroit, USA 2017. Informed by existing watermarks, stains and rust encountered within abandoned spaces in Detroit, I initially responded by using found materials such as charcoal and ash from burnt houses, plant materials and liquids, to assemble process-based compositions on canvas. Further temporal interventions were then assembled in a number of situations within Detroit. This paper, and practice, notions that interiority is a field of interiors where the indeterminate is celebrated through the force of duration; immersion in time as ow. The temporal, material and immaterial are considered as a dynamic and confluence of forces; assembled in time, materialising immateriality.
Sensorial Interior: Museum Diorama as Phenomenal Space
Authors: Edwards Sarah
Published: August 2018

Museum dioramas are widely recognised as historic visual tropes used to frame the grandeur of the outside world within an interior viewing space. With the development of digital technologies, data projection and soundscape have increasingly replaced diorama production as a means to transform these once static-animal-posed-in-painted- habitat with immersive interiors that engage the visual and aural senses alike. Andre Breton proposes that two modes of consciousness exist: an exterior world of facts and an interior world of emotions. These interiors and exteriors produce an interface and exchange. An invitation to respond to the interior of RMIT University’s First Site gallery provided an opportunity to experiment with the three traditional dioramic elements used to bring the exterior world into an interior employing taxidermy, model making and set painting. By engaging digital technologies in response to these three elements, I developed a sensorial interior, where the exterior world of facts was set into dialogue with the interior world of emotion. A physical encounter that expanded on ‘interior’ as an experiential, relational, phenomenal and emotive space.
A new megaspilid wasp from Eocene Baltic amber (Hymenoptera: Ceraphronoidea), with notes on two non-ceraphronoid families: Radiophronidae and Stigmaphronidae
Authors: Mikó István , van de Kamp Thomas , Trietsch Carolyn , Ulmer Jonah M. , Zuber Marcus , Baumbach Tilo , Deans Andrew R.
Published: August 2018

Ceraphronoids are some of the most commonly collected hymenopterans, yet they remain rare in the fossil record.Conostigmus talamasiMikó and Trietsch, sp. nov. from Baltic amber represents an intermediate form between the type genus,Megaspilus, and one of the most species-rich megaspilid genera,Conostigmus. We describe the new species using 3D data collected with synchrotron-based micro-CT equipment. This non-invasive technique allows for quick data collection in unusually high resolution, revealing morphological traits that are otherwise obscured by the amber. In describing this new species, we revise the diagnostic characters for Ceraphronoidea and discuss possible reasons why minute wasps with a pterostigma are often misidentified as ceraphronoids. Based on the lack of ceraphronoid characteristics, we removeDendrocerus dubitatusBrues, 1937, Stigmaphronidae, and Radiophronidae from Ceraphronoidea and consider them asincertae sedis. We also provide some guidance for their future classification.
The larva and female ofPerigomphus basicornisAmaya-Vallejo, Novelo-Gutiérrez & Realpe, 2017, and the first record ofPerigomphus pallidistylus(Belle, 1972) for Colombia (Insecta: Odonata: Gomphidae)
Authors: Amaya-Vallejo Vanessa , Novelo-Gutiérrez Rodolfo , Realpe Emilio
Published: August 2018

The larva and female ofPerigomphus basicornisare described and illustrated, and compared with the larva and female ofP. pallidistylus.The larva ofP. basicornisdiffers from that ofP. pallidistylusin having sternum 8 divided in five sclerites, abdominal segments 8 and 9 with small, low protuberances on the tergites and male’s epiproct as long as its basal width, mainly. The female ofP. basicornisdiffers from that ofP. pallidistylusin having the apical lobes of vulvar lamina wider, with divergent tips.P. pallidistylusis recorded for Colombia for the first time.
Killer whale (Orcinus orca) interactions with blue-eye trevalla (Hyperoglyphe antarctica) longline fisheries
Authors: Tixier Paul , Lea Mary-Anne , Hindell Mark A. , Guinet Christophe , Gasco Nicolas , Duhamel Guy , Arnould John P.Y.
Published: August 2018

Over the past five decades, marine mammal interactions with fisheries have become a major human-wildlife conflict globally. The emergence of longline fishing is concomitant with the development of depredation-type interactions i.e., marine mammals feeding on fish caught on hooks. The killer whale (Orcinus orca) is one of the species most involved in depredation on longline fisheries. The issue was first reported in high latitudes but, with increasing expansion of this fishing method, other fisheries have begun to experience interactions. The present study investigated killer whale interactions with two geographically isolated blue-eye trevalla (Hyperoglyphe antarctica) fisheries operating in temperate waters off Amsterdam/St. Paul Islands (Indian Ocean) and south-eastern Australia. These two fisheries differ in the fishing technique used (verticalvs.demersal longlines), effort, catch, fleet size and fishing area size. Using 7-year (2010–16) long fishing and observation datasets, this study estimated the levels of killer whale interactions and examined the influence of spatio-temporal and operational variables on the probability of vessels to experience interactions. Killer whales interactions occurred during 58.4% and 21.2% of all fishing days, and over 94% and 47.4% of the fishing area for both fisheries, respectively. In south-eastern Australia, the probability of occurrence of killer whale interactions during fishing days varied seasonally with a decrease in spring, increased with the daily fishing effort and decreased with the distance travelled by the vessel between fishing days. In Amsterdam/St. Paul, this probability was only influenced by latitude, with an increase in the southern part of the area. Together, these findings document two previously unreported cases of high killer whale depredation, and provide insights on ways to avoid the issue. The study also emphasizes the need to further examine the local characteristics of fisheries and the ecology of local depredating killer whale populations in as important drivers of depredation.
AANATtransgenic sheep generated via OPS vitrified-microinjected pronuclear embryos and reproduction efficiency of the transgenic offspring
Authors: Tian Xiuzhi , Lv Dongying , Ma Teng , Deng Shoulong , Yang Minghui , Song Yukun , Zhang Xiaosheng , Zhang Jinglong , Fu Juncai , Lian Zhengxing , Zhu Shien , Wu Yingjie , Xing Yiming , Liu Guoshi
Published: August 2018

Background

The open pulled straw (OPS) vitrification method has been successfully applied in mouse, pig, and goat embryos as well as in buffalo oocytes, but it has not yet been applied to the microinjected embryos. This study examined the effects of OPS vitrification on embryo development and the reproductive capacity of the transgenic offspring in order to establish a method for preservation of microinjected embryos.

Methods

Ovine pronuclear embryos were microinjected with the exogenous aralkylamine N-acetyltransferase gene (AANAT), frozen by the OPS method, and subsequently thawed for embryo transplantation. Pregnancy rate, lambing rate, survival rate, average birth weight and transgenic positive rate as well as reproduction efficiency and hormone level of the transgenic offspring were investigated to analyze the effect of OPS vitrification on microinjectd pronuclear embryos.

Results

No significant differences were observed in the birth rate, lamb survival rate and transgenic positive rate between the frozen and non-frozenAANAT-microinjected pronuclear embryos. The average birth weight of the frozen embryos offspring was greater than that of the non-frozen embryos. Importantly, the transgenic offspring that overexpressed theAANATgene showed improved ovulation efficiency and lambing rate by regulating their hormone levels.

Conclusions

The OPS vitrification approach may be a valuable method in microinjected- embryo transfer technology, which could reserve embryos and result in fewer unnecessary animal sacrifices. In addition, theAANAT+ transgenic offspring exhibited improved reproductive capacity on account of regulation effect of melatonin on reproductive hormone. These data may provide available references for human-assisted reproduction.
Incentivizing Network Adequacy in Medicare Advantage
Authors: Graves John A. , Lyons Gabrielle
Published: November 2024

This Viewpoint discusses enrollment in Medicare Advantage vs traditional Medicare among older adults and common reasons for plan disenrollment, including the lack of in-network physicians and hospitals.
Online Retailer Nonadherence to Age Verification, Shipping, and Flavor Restrictions on E-Cigarettes
Authors: Harati Raquel M. , Ellis Shannon E. , Satybaldiyeva Nora , Mejorado Tomas , Benitez Gustavo , Henriksen Lisa , Leas Eric C.
Published: November 2024

This study assesses whether online vaping retailers adhere to age verification, shipping method, and flavor restrictions in California.
Air Purifiers and Acute Respiratory Infections in Residential Aged Care
Authors: Thottiyil Sultanmuhammed Abdul Khadar Bismi , Sim Jenny , McDonald Vanessa M. , McDonagh Julee , Clapham Matthew , Mitchell Brett G.
Published: November 2024

Importance

The effectiveness of in-room air purification for the reduction of acute respiratory infections (ARIs) in residential aged-care facilities (RACFs) is unknown.

Objective

To investigate the effectiveness of in-room air purifiers with high-efficiency particulate air (HEPA)–14 filters in reducing the incidence of ARIs among residents of RACFs.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This randomized clinical trial used a multicenter, double-blind, 2-period, 2-treatment crossover design for 6 months from April 7 to October 26, 2023, in 3 RACFs with a bed capacity of 50 to 100 in New South Wales, Australia. The purposive sampling approach included permanent residents in private rooms in the enrolled RACFs. Data collection was performed every 2 weeks and required no additional follow-up beyond the final data collection on October 31, 2023.

Intervention

An air purifier containing a HEPA-14 filter was placed in rooms of participants in the intervention group, and an air purifier without a HEPA-14 filter was placed in rooms of the control participants. The groups crossed over after 3 months.

Main Outcomes and Measures

The primary outcome was the incidence of ARIs, assessed with logistic mixed-model regression.

Results

Among 135 participants randomized (70 to the intervention-first group and 65 to the control-first group), 78 (57.8%) were female; mean (SD) age was 85.2 (8.6) years. In the intention-to-treat analysis, the use of air purifiers with HEPA-14 filters did not reduce ARIs compared with the control (OR, 0.57; 95% CI, 0.32-1.04; P = .07). Among the 104 participants who completed the entire study, the intervention reduced ARI incidence from 35.6% (37 participants) in the control group to 24.0% (25 participants) in the intervention group (OR, 0.53; 95% CI, 0.28-1.00; P = .048).

Conclusions and Relevance

In this clinical trial investigating use of air purifiers with HEPA-14 filters for reducing ARIs, no significant between-group difference was found in the intention-to-treat analysis. However, a significant reduction in ARIs was identified among participants who completed the entire study. These findings may help inform future large-scale studies of respiratory infectious diseases.

Trial Registration

ANZCTR identification: ACTRN12623000347662
Prevalence of Adverse Childhood Experiences in Child Population Samples
Authors: Madigan Sheri , Thiemann Raela , Deneault Audrey-Ann , Fearon R. M. Pasco , Racine Nicole , Park Julianna , Lunney Carole A. , Dimitropoulos Gina , Jenkins Serena , Williamson Tyler , Neville Ross D.
Published: November 2024

Importance

Exposure to adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) before the age of 18 years is a major contributor to the global burden of disease and disability.

Objective

To meta-analyze data from samples with children 18 years or younger to estimate the average prevalence of ACEs, identify characteristics and contexts associated with higher or lower ACE exposure, and explore methodological factors that might influence these prevalence estimates.

Design, Setting, and Participants

Studies that were published between January 1, 1998 and February 19, 2024, were sourced from MEDLINE, PsycINFO, CINHAL, and Embase. Inclusion criteria required studies to report the prevalence of 0, 1, 2, 3, or 4 or more ACEs using an 8- or 10-item ACEs questionnaire (plus or minus 2 items), include population samples of children 18 years or younger, and be published in English. Data from 65 studies, representing 490 423 children from 18 countries, were extracted and synthesized using a multicategory prevalence meta-analysis. These data were analyzed from February 20, 2024, through May 17, 2024.

Main Outcomes and Measures

ACEs.

Results

The mean age of children across studies was 11.9 (SD, 4.3) years, the age range across samples was 0 to 18 years, and 50.5% were female. The estimated mean prevalences were 42.3% for 0 ACEs (95% CI, 25.3%-52.7%), 22.0% for 1 ACE (95% CI, 9.9%-32.7%), 12.7% for 2 ACEs (95% CI, 3.8%-22.3%), 8.1% for 3 ACEs (95% CI, 1.4%-16.8%), and 14.8% for 4 or more ACEs (95% CI, 5.1%-24.8%). The prevalence of 4 or more ACEs was higher among adolescents vs children (prevalence ratio, 1.16; 95% CI, 1.04-1.30), children in residential care (1.26; 95% CI, 1.10-1.43), with a history of juvenile offending (95% CI, 1.29; 1.24-1.34), and in Indigenous peoples (1.63; 95% CI, 1.28-2.08), as well as in studies where file review was the primary assessment method (1.29; 95% CI, 1.23-1.34). The prevalence of 0 ACEs was lower in questionnaire-based studies where children vs parents were informants (0.85; 95% CI, 0.80-0.90).

Conclusions

In this study, ACEs were prevalent among children with notable disparities across participant demographic characteristics and contexts. As principal antecedent threats to child and adolescent well-being that can affect later life prospects, ACEs represent a pressing global social issue. Effective early identification and prevention strategies, including targeted codesigned community interventions, can reduce the prevalence of ACEs and mitigate their severe effects, thereby minimizing the harmful health consequences of childhood adversity in future generations.
Narrow‐Gap‐Integrated Ring Arrays (GRA) as Ultrahigh Field‐Enhancement Optical Resonators
Authors: Wang Mengcheng , Cai Han , Su Zhijuan , Yang Zhuoqing , Ding Guifu , Zang Faheng
Published: November 2024

Gold nanoring nanoantenna are increasingly being utilized in biological and chemical sensing owing to their favorable spatially expanded hotspot distribution and distinctive field focusing capabilities. However, it is extremely challenging to further elevate the local electric field of nanorings for higher sensitivity without trading off the two aforementioned features. Here, a new nanoantenna design integrates conventional nanorings with nanogaps is introduced: in conjunction with metal sputtering and ion milling on a nanopillar template, narrow‐gap‐integrated ring arrays (GRA) are successfully nanofabricated featuring monolithic integration of nanoring arrays with sub‐5 nm nanogaps on‐chip. This new GRA nanophotonic structure simultaneously preserves the intrinsic benefits of the nanoring and amplifies the local electric field, achieving a field enhancement factor of up to 104 magnitudes. Using both top‐down and bottom‐up thin‐film processes, the GRA shows high degree‐of‐freedom in nanoantenna geometry, leading to tunable resonances throughout visible and near‐infrared wavelengths. These results combined showcased the potential of using GRA's tunable resonance, high e‐field enhancement, and wide hotspot‐distribution features in the creation of a universal molecular sensing platform for enhanced fluorescence.
Boosting Carrier Transport in Quasi‐2D/3D Perovskite Heterojunction for High‐Performance Perovskite/Organic Tandems
Authors: Kang Shuaiqing , Wang Ziyue , Chen Weijie , Zhang Zhichao , Cao Jianlei , Zheng Jialei , Jiang Xingxing , Xu Jiacheng , Yuan Jixiang , Zhu Juan , Chen Haiyang , Chen Xining , Li Yaowen , Li Yongfang
Published: November 2024

Wide‐bandgap (WBG) perovskites are continuously in the limelight owing to their applicability in tandem solar cells. The main bottlenecks of WBG perovskites are interfacial non‐radiative recombination and carrier transport loss caused by interfacial defects and large energy‐level offsets, which induce additional energy losses when WBG perovskites are stacked with organic solar cells in series because of unbalanced carrier recombination in interconnecting layer (ICL). To solve these issues, 1,3‐propanediammonium iodide (PDADI) is incorporated to form Dion–Jacobson ‐phase quasi‐2D perovskites with mixed high‐n‐values in WBG perovskites. PDADI simultaneously repairs the shallow/deep defects and establishes a Type‐II energy‐level alignment between quasi‐2D/3D and 3D perovskites for rapid carrier extraction. More importantly, the short‐chain diammonium cation in quasi‐2D perovskite with high n‐values results in a short Pb–I inorganic layer spacing, which enhances the interlayer electronic coupling and weakens the quantum‐well confinement effect that restricts carrier transport. The suppressed transport loss increases the electron concentration in the ICL for balanced carrier recombination. The 0.0628 and 1.004 cm2 perovskite/organic tandems achieve remarkable efficiencies of 25.92% and 24.63%, respectively. The quasi‐2D capping layer can inhibit ion migration, allowing perovskite/organic tandems to show excellent operational stability (T85 > 1000 h).
In‐Device Ballistic‐Electron‐Emission Spectroscopy for Accurately In Situ Mapping Energy Level Alignment at Metal–Organic Semiconductors Interface
Authors: Meng Ke , Zheng Ruiheng , Gu Xianrong , Zhang Rui , Guo Lidan , Qin Yang , Yang Tingting , Li Min , Hu Shunhua , Zhang Cheng , Wu Meng , Guo Ankang , Yang Xueli , Zhang Jianqi , Sun Xiangnan
Published: November 2024

Energy level alignment at metal/organic semiconductors (OSCs) interface governs electronic processes in organic electronics devices, making its precise determination essential for understanding carrier transport behaviors and optimizing device performance. However, it is proven that accurately characterizing the energy barrier at metal/OSC interface under operational conditions remains challenging due to the technical limitations of traditional methods. Herein, through integrating highly‐improved device constructions with an ingenious derivative‐assisted data processing method, this study demonstrates an in‐device ballistic‐electron‐emission spectroscopy using hot‐electron transistors to accurately characterize the energy barrier at metal/OSC interface under in‐operando conditions. This technique is found that a remarkable improvement in measurement accuracy, reaching up to ±0.03 eV, can be achieved—surpassing previous techniques (±0.1–0.2 eV). The high accuracy allows us to monitor subtle changes in energy barriers at metal/OSC interface caused by variations in the aggregation state of OSCs, a phenomenon that is theoretically possible but failed to be directly demonstrated through conventional methods. Moreover, this study makes demonstration that this technology is universally applicable to various metal/OSC interfaces consisting of electron‐transporting, hole‐transporting, and ambipolar OSCs. These findings manifest the great potential of this method to advance both theoretical exploration and technical applications in organic electronics.
Tailoring Cell Attachment onto Melt Electrowritten Scaffolds via a Phase Separated Hydrogel Coating with Peptide Functionalization
Authors: O'Neill Kelly L. , Kurtz Amanda , Liashenko Ievgenii , Rocha Guilherme , Paxton Naomi C. , Dalton Paul D.
Published: November 2024

Highly porous scaffolds with a high surface area can be designed and fabricated via melt electrowriting (MEW). Here, the study introduces morphological features onto the MEW microfibers via a hydrogel coating of phase‐separated poly(2‐hydroxyethyl methacrylate) (pHEMA). This coating is achieved by capturing phase‐separated droplets of pHEMA onto poly(ε‐caprolactone) (PCL) microfibers via dip‐coating, resulting in a hydrogel coating with webbed structures across pores of the MEW scaffold. Excess pHEMA droplets are removed and phase separation is quenched by washing in water, and then functionalized by dipping the pHEMA coated scaffold into a buffered peptide solution. It is demonstrated that a cysteine‐terminated peptide sequence (Cys‐Gly‐Arg‐Gly‐Asp‐Ser‐Gly (CG‐RGD‐SG)) promotes fibroblast adhesion on the hydrogel‐coated MEW scaffolds compared to unmodified pHEMA and compared to scrambled peptide sequence. Due to the protein‐resistant nature of pHEMA, the hydrogel‐coated scaffolds show less cell attachment than non‐coated PCL scaffolds, while RGD‐functionalized pHEMA scaffolds achieve 2.8‐fold increase in cell attachment (p = 0.02) when compared to non‐functionalized pHEMA. The study therefore presents a platform that combines PCL scaffolds of microscale fibers with a phase‐separated pHEMA hydrogel coating that maintains the high porosity of MEW scaffolds yet increases surface area and, importantly, introduces the capability for tailoring cell attachment via peptide functionalization.
STAMBPL1/TRIM21 Balances AXL Stability Impacting Mesenchymal Phenotype and Immune Response in KIRC
Authors: Huang Shiyu , Qin Xuke , Fu Shujie , Hu Juncheng , Jiang Zhengyu , Hu Min , Zhang Banghua , Liu Jiachen , Chen Yujie , Wang Minghui , Liu Xiuheng , Chen Zhiyuan , Wang Lei
Published: November 2024

Kidney renal clear cell carcinoma (KIRC) is recognized as an immunogenic tumor, and immunotherapy is incorporated into its treatment landscape for decades. The acquisition of a tumor mesenchymal phenotype through epithelial‐to‐mesenchymal transition (EMT) is associated with immune evasion and can contribute to immunotherapy resistance. Here, the involvement of STAM Binding Protein Like 1 (STAMBPL1) is reported in the development of mesenchymal and immune evasion phenotypes in KIRC cells. Mechanistically, STAMBPL1 elevated protein abundance and surface accumulation of TAM Receptor AXL through diminishing the TRIM21‐mediated K63‐linked ubiquitination and subsequent lysosomal degradation of AXL, thereby enhancing the expression of mesenchymal genes while suppressing chemokines CXCL9/10 and HLA/B/C. In addition, STAMBPL1 enhanced PD‐L1 transcription via facilitating nuclear translocation of p65, and knockdown (KD) of STAMBPL1 augmented antitumor effects of PD‐1 blockade. Furthermore, STAMBPL1 silencing and the tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) sunitinib also exhibited a synergistic effect on the suppression of KIRC. Collectively, targeting the STAMBPL1/TRIM21/AXL axis can decrease mesenchymal phenotype and potentiate anti‐tumor efficacy of cancer therapy.
Stretchable and High‐Performance Fibrous Sensors Based on Ionic Capacitive Sensing for Wearable Healthcare Monitoring
Authors: Liu Jiawei , Yang Yan , Chen Guangchuan , Sun Hongbiao , Xie Xin , Hou Yanfeng , Zhang Lishen , Wang Jinhui , Wang Jiangxin
Published: November 2024

Electronic textiles with remarkable breathability, lightweight, and comfort hold great potential in wearable technologies and smart human‐machine interfaces. Ionic capacitive sensors, leveraging the advantages of the electric double layer, offer higher sensitivity compared to traditional capacitive sensors. Current research on wearable ion‐capacitive sensors has focused mainly on two‐dimensional (2D) or three‐dimensional (3D) device architectures, which show substantial challenges for direct integration with textiles and compromise their wearing experience on conformability and permeability. One‐dimensional (1D) stretchable fiber materials serve as vital components in constructing electronic textiles, allowing for rich structural design, patterning, and device integration through mature textile techniques. Here, a stretchable functional fiber with robust mechanical and electrical performances is fabricated based on semi‐solid metal and ionic polymer, which provided a high stretchability and good electrical conductivity, enabling seamless integration with textiles. Consequently, high‐performance stretchable fiber sensors are developed through different device architecture designs, including pressure sensors with high sensitivity (7.21 kPa−1), fast response (60 ms/30 ms), and excellent stability, as well as strain sensors with high sensitivity (GF = 1.05), wide detection range (0–300% strain), and excellent sensing stability under dynamic deformations.
Toward Flexible and Stretchable Organic Solar Cells: A Comprehensive Review of Transparent Conductive Electrodes, Photoactive Materials, and Device Performance
Authors: Yan Yongdie , Duan Bowen , Ru Min , Gu Qinyin , Li Sunsun , Zhao Wenchao
Published: November 2024

Flexible and stretchable organic solar cells (FOSCs and SOSCs) hold immense potential due to their versatility and applicability in emerging areas such as wearable electronics, foldable devices, and biointegrated systems. Despite these promising applications, several challenges remain, primarily related to the mechanical durability, material performance, and scalability required for commercialization. This review comprehensively highlights recent advancements in the design and fabrication of FOSCs and SOSCs, with a particular emphasis on key functional layers, including transparent conductive electrodes, interfacial layers, photoactive materials, and top electrodes. Innovations in material design, such as active layers and transparent conductive electrodes with improved flexibility, are discussed alongside developments in device processes to achieve power conversion efficiencies exceeding 19%. Furthermore, the review addresses remaining challenges, including the need for scalable manufacturing techniques and enhanced mechanical robustness under strain. Finally, the prospects of FOSCs and SOSCs are analyzed, providing insights into how these technologies can contribute to the development of sustainable, high‐performance power sources for wearable electronic devices and other flexible electronics. This review offers valuable insights, bringing the commercialization of wearable, high‐performance FOSCs and SOSCs closer to reality.
Completely Fused Non‐Fullerene Acceptor Enables Efficient Postprocessing‐Free Organic Photovoltaics Cells
Authors: Wang Wenxuan , Zhang Shaoqing , Zhang Tao , Wang Chaoyi , Chen Zhihao , Cheng Shuohan , Xiao Yang , Wang Jianqiu , Cui Yong , Hou Jianhui
Published: November 2024

The photovoltaic performance of organic photovoltaic (OPV) cells can be significantly improved by regulating the aggregation structure and film formation kinetics of the constituent materials. However, many regulation strategies, including the use of additives and annealing, require complex fabrication processes and additional investments, which poses challenges for the industrialization of OPV cells. In this work, a completely fused non‐fullerene acceptor, GS‐20 is designed and synthesized, with strong aggregation properties. The incorporation of GS‐20 as a third component into the PBQx‐TF:eC9‐2Cl‐based cell accelerates aggregation of eC9‐2Cl and improves molecular stacking by promoting film deposition. The as‐cast ternary OPV cells fabricated without any post‐treatments exhibited a high VOC of 0.890 V and a maximum PCE of 19.0%. Moreover, a postprocessing‐free OPV module is fabricated using the blade coating method and obtains a satisfactory PCE of 13.5%, indicating excellent feasibility for large‐scale preparation. This work realizes an efficient postprocessing‐free OPV cell through molecular design and ternary strategy, facilitating the industrialization of OPV technology.
Deep Learning Methods in Soft Robotics: Architectures and Applications
Authors: Čakurda Tomáš , Trojanová Monika , Pomin Pavlo , Hošovský Alexander
Published: November 2024

The area of soft robotics has been subject to intense research efforts in the past two decades and constitutes a paradigm for advanced machine design in future robotic applications. However, standard methods for industrial robotics may be difficult to apply when analyzing soft robots. Deep learning, which has undergone rapid and transformative advancements in recent years, offers a set of powerful tools for analyzing and designing complex soft machines capable of operating in unstructured environments and interacting with humans and objects in a delicate manner. This review summarizes the most important state‐of‐the‐art deep learning architectures classified under supervised, unsupervised, semisupervised, and reinforcement learning scenarios and discusses their main features and benefits for different soft robotic applications, including soft robot manipulators, soft grippers, soft sensors, and e‐skins, as well as bioinspired soft robots. Specific properties of recent deep learning architectures and the usefulness of their features in addressing various types of issues found in soft robotics are analyzed. The existing challenges and future prospects are identified and discussed in view of the enhanced integration of both areas, which improves the performance of next‐generation soft machines operating in real‐world conditions.
Risk factors, complications and biomarkers associated with acute kidney injury after craniotomy: a comprehensive mini‐review
Authors: Dalil Davood , Kianparsa Joben , Isakhani Mahdi , Ostadzadeh Mahdieh , Ravand Fatemeh
Published: November 2024

Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a devastating medical condition that occurs mostly in hospitalized patients after a serious illness or major surgery and imposes a great health and financial burden on patients. Craniotomy is one of the major surgeries in which people who undergo this operation experience critical clinical conditions. Systemic inflammation, hemodynamic variation, and pharmacological agents administered during and after craniotomy can lead to the development of AKI and a poor prognosis. Moreover, AKI itself could cause other significant complications and increase the mortality rate in patients who undergo craniotomy. Determining the pre‐, peri‐, and postoperative risk factors associated with AKI after craniotomy is important for its prevention. Efficient care of patients after craniotomy and effective treatment approaches should be implemented to maintain normal metabolism, enhance nerve function recovery, and control inflammation. Novel biomarkers have been recognized as reliable indicators for the diagnosis and prognosis of AKI after brain surgery. This study aimed to summarize the most relevant literature regarding the risk factors, postoperative complications, and mortality associated with AKI after craniotomy. Moreover, we reviewed the approaches to postoperative care, followed by an overview of the significant diagnostic or prognostic biomarkers of AKI following craniotomy to provide a basis for preventing and decreasing AKI.
Cation Migration‐Induced Lattice Oxygen Oxidation in Spinel Oxide for Superior Oxygen Evolution Reaction
Authors: Ahmed Mahmoud G. , Tay Ying Fan , Chi Xiao , Razeen Ahmed S. , Fang Yanan , Zhang Mengyuan , Sng Anqi , Chiam Sing Yang , Rusydi Andrivo , Wong Lydia H.
Published: November 2024

Activating the lattice oxygen can significantly improve the kinetics of oxygen evolution reaction (OER), however, it often results in reduced stability due to the bulk structure degradation. Here, we develop a spinel Fe0.3Co0.9Cr1.8O4 with active lattice oxygen by high‐throughput methods, achieving high OER activity and stability, superior to the benchmark IrO2. The oxide exhibits an ultralow overpotential (190 mV at 10 mA cm−2) with outstanding stability for over 170 h at 100 mA cm−2. Soft X‐ray absorption‐ and Raman‐spectroscopies, combined with 18O isotope‐labelling experiments, reveal that lattice oxygen activation is driven by Cr oxidation, which induces a cation migration from CrO6 octahedrons to CrO4 tetrahedrons. The geometry conversion creates accessible non‐bonding oxygen states, crucial for lattice oxygen oxidation. Upon oxidation, peroxo O−O bond is formed and further stabilized by Cr6+ (CrO4 tetrahedra) via dimerization. This work establishes a new approach for designing efficient catalysts that feature active and stable lattice oxygen without compromising structural integrity.
Localized corrosion behavior on a heterogeneous surface involving multicomponent reactive transport and morphology evolution
Authors: Chen Jukai , Wang Xiaodan , Li Ruidong , Wang Yueshe , Li Haisheng , Chen Yinghua
Published: November 2024

Localized corrosion sometimes brings about unanticipated and catastrophic damages in petrochemical pipelines and pressure vessels. For localized corrosion modeling, multicomponent reactive transport and corrosion morphology evolution are two arduous problems that involve multi–physical‐(electro) chemical processes along with multi–temporal and spatial scales. In this study, the lattice Boltzmann method (LBM) is employed to shed some light on the evolution of localized corrosion on a heterogeneous surface focusing on the effects of electrolyte ohmic resistance and diffusion. The corrosion pit is always initiated at the junction of anode and cathode sites; however, quite different morphologies are prompted under ohmic control or ohmic‐diffusion control. Under ohmic control, the pit propagates along the interface of the anode and cathode. Under ohmic‐diffusion control, the pathway of reactive species is broadened, and the corrosion morphology is developed into a more regular shape, like a flattened semicircle in 2‐D modeling. This work presents the huge potential of LBM in long‐term corrosion modeling.
Epithelial Folding Through Local Degradation of an Elastic Basement Membrane Plate
Authors: Santillán K. Yanín Guerra , Jantzen Caroline , Dahmann Christian , Fischer‐Friedrich Elisabeth
Published: November 2024

Epithelia are polarized layers of cells that line the outer and inner surfaces of organs. At the basal side, the epithelial cell layer is supported by a basement membrane, which is a thin polymeric layer of self‐assembled extracellular matrix (ECM) that tightly adheres to the basal cell surface. Proper shaping of epithelial layers is an important prerequisite for the development of healthy organs during the morphogenesis of an organism. Experimental evidence suggests that local degradation of the basement membrane is one of the mechanisms that can drive epithelial folding. However, how folding emerges in the absence of tissue growth remains elusive. Here, we present a coarse‐grained plate theory model of the basement membrane that assumes force balance between i) cell‐transduced active forces and ii) deformation‐induced elastic forces. We verify key assumptions of this model through experiments in the Drosophila wing disc epithelium and demonstrate that the model can explain the emergence of outward epithelial folds upon local plate degradation. The model accounts for local degradation of the basement membrane as a mechanism for the generation of epithelial folds in the absence of epithelial growth.
Signal shape analysis in single‐entity electrochemistry: Understanding electrochemical reaction dynamics
Authors: Park Huichang , Na Jaedo , Han Yujin , Heo Dain , Yoon Seongkyeong , Geum Sunwoo , Kwon Seong Jung
Published: November 2024

Single‐entity electrochemistry (SEE) has transformed the study of electrochemical processes, allowing for the observation of discrete electrochemical events at the level of individual entities such as nanoparticles (NPs) and biomolecules. This review categorizes SEE signals ranging from typical staircase, spike, and blip signals to more complex combined responses based on their shape, each providing insight into the reaction mechanism. Papers exploring reaction mechanisms based on changes in SEE signals under varying experimental conditions, such as applied potential or pH, are also discussed. By analyzing the experimental systems that generate these signals, a better understanding of electrocatalytic reactions mediated by single entities, such as NPs and biomolecules, can be achieved. This review offers insight into interpreting new signal types and paves the way for further research into electrochemical processes and the applications of SEE in sensing, catalysis, and diagnostics.
Enhanced electrocatalytic activity by nanoconfinement effects at nanoporous indium tin oxide electrodes
Authors: Seo Minjee , Bae Je Hyun
Published: November 2024

Among various strategies to enhance electrocatalytic activity, nanoporous structured electrodes have been widely utilized owing to their improved performance. Along with enlarged electrode surface, modified crystalline facets, and surface defects of nanoporous electrodes, recent studies have reported their unique electrocatalytic characteristics originating from the nanoconfined space, denoted as the nanoconfinement effect. Introducing nanoporous electrodes with controllable thickness made of indium tin oxide, an electrochemically inert material, has provided an optimal platform for analyzing the contribution of nanoporous structures to the catalytic effects. Nevertheless, the scope of reactants that has been studied based on this system so far is mostly limited to ferric/ferrous redox species in sulfate anion environment. Here, using the nanoporous indium tin oxide electrodes, we demonstrate the nanoconfinement effect toward the ferric/ferrous reaction in a different chemical environment that alters its electrokinetic characteristics compared to the previous studies. Furthermore, a complex multi‐electron transfer reaction of oxygen reduction is employed to explore the effects of nanoporous structure toward inner‐sphere reactions. Our work suggests that the nanoconfinement effects can be applied to a wider range of electrochemical reactions taking place in nanoporous electrodes.
Do SMEs have an ESG communication strategy? Exploring the quality and influencing factors of voluntary ESG disclosures using web‐based and annual report channels
Authors: Cardoni Andrea , Kiseleva Evgeniia
Published: November 2024

This paper evaluates the influencing factors and disparities between web‐based and annual report channels for environmental, social and governance (ESG) disclosures by small and medium‐sized enterprises (SMEs). In contrast to the prevalent use of case‐studies in the context of SMEs, a quantitative study was conducted by performing a content analysis of the websites and annual reports of 100 manufacturing SMEs in Italy. Based on the collected evidence, SMEs exhibited a higher level of web‐based disclosures compared to annual reports. These disclosure channels appear to be independent of each other, with financial resources significantly influencing the quality of annual reports (i.e. profitability as a proxy) and size impacting information available on websites (i.e. turnover as a proxy). Both channels may be explained by the resource‐based view, while agency characteristics (such as having a Big Four external auditor or board size) have a relevant effect on the overall voluntary ESG disclosure score.
Predicting Pancreatic Cancer in New‐Onset Diabetes Cohort Using a Novel Model With Integrated Clinical and Genetic Indicators: A Large‐Scale Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Sun Yongji , Hu Chaowen , Hu Sien , Xu Hongxia , Gong Jiali , Wu Yixuan , Fan Yiqun , Lv Changming , Song Tianyu , Lou Jianyao , Zhang Kai , Wu Jian , Li Xiawei , Wu Yulian
Published: November 2024

Introduction

Individuals who develop new‐onset diabetes have been identified as a high‐risk cohort for pancreatic cancer (PC), exhibiting an incidence rate nearly 8 times higher than the general population. Hence, the targeted screening of this specific cohort presents a promising opportunity for early pancreatic cancer detection. We aimed to develop and validate a novel model capable of identifying high‐risk individuals among those with new‐onset diabetes.

Methods

Employing the UK Biobank cohort, we focused on those developing new‐onset diabetes during follow‐up. Genetic and clinical characteristics available at registration were considered as candidate predictors. We conducted univariate regression analysis to identify potential indicators and used a 5‐fold cross‐validation method to select optimal predictors for model development. Five machine learning algorithms were used for model development.

Results

Among 12,735 patients with new‐onset diabetes, 100 (0.8%) were diagnosed with PC within 2 years. The final model (area under the curve, 0.897; 95% confidence interval, 0.865–0.929) included 5 clinical predictors and 24 single nucleotide polymorphisms. Two threshold cut‐offs were established: 1.28% and 5.26%. The recommended 1.28% cut‐off, based on model performance, reduces definitive testing to 13% of the total population while capturing 76% of PC cases. The high‐risk threshold is 5.26%. Utilizing this threshold, only 2% of the population needs definitive testing, capturing nearly half of PC cases.

Conclusions

We, for the first time, combined clinical and genetic data to develop and validate a model to determine the risk of pancreatic cancer in patients with new‐onset diabetes using machine learning algorithms. By reducing the number of unnecessary tests while ensuring that a substantial proportion of high‐risk patients are identified, this tool has the potential to improve patient outcomes and optimize healthcare sources.
Design and Synthesis of Novel Thiazole Linked Tetrahydropyridine Analogues as Anticancer Agents
Authors: Mohan Malothu Ram , Thalari Gangadhar
Published: November 2024

A library of new thiazole linked tetrahydropyridines (6a–q) synthesized and screened for their invitro anticancer activity against human breast adeno carcinoma cell viz. MCF‐7 and MDA‐MB‐231. The two compounds 6d containing −F and −Cl functions in para and meta position of phenyl ring (9.94±1.02 μM, 9.78±1.08 μM) and 6e with −Cl and −NH2 functions on pyridine ring (9.72±0.91 μM, 9.54±0.95 μM) demonstrated outstanding activity against both the cell lines when compared to Doxorubicin. The benzofuran analogue 6o presented good activity with an IC50 value of 12.19±1.03 μM (MCF‐7) and 12.22±1.07 μM (MDA‐MB‐231). The molecular docking study of potent molecule 6e against crystal structure of breast tumor kinase presented promising docking score and binding interactions. Predicted pharmacokinetics properties of compounds 6a–q and presented boiled diagram of compounds 6d and 6e implied favourable drug‐likeness properties.
COF‐SO3H‐Catalyzed Synthesis of Pyrazoline‐Pyridine Hybrids with Dual Antioxidant and Anti‐Inflammatory Activity Targeting PDE4B
Authors: Khan Nida , Hussain Mohd Kamil , Khan Mohammad Faheem , Siddiqui Zeba N.
Published: November 2024

This study explores new anti‐inflammatory agents by synthesizing pyrazoline‐pyridine hybrids with N‐butylsulfonated covalent organic framework (COF‐SO3H) as a recyclable catalyst, achieving excellent yields in just one minute. The protocol was successfully scaled up to a multi‐gram scale, highlighting its robustness and efficiency, and it operates without the need for column chromatography. Among the synthesized hybrids, compound 5d, a pyrazoline‐pyridine hybrid bearing an indole moiety, emerged as a potent anti‐inflammatory and antioxidant agent. It effectively inhibited PDE4B activation with an IC50 value of 99.38 nM, without adversely affecting HEK cells. Compound 5d demonstrated its dual activity by significantly reducing ROS production and restoring mitochondrial health in LPS‐stimulated A549 and HEK cells, while also downregulating IL‐1β and NF‐ĸB/p65 expression in LPS‐stimulated A549 cells. In silico studies confirmed compound 5d’s strong binding to PDE4B, with stable RMSD and RMSF values, indicating its potential as a stable and effective PDE4B inhibitor. The compound exhibited favorable physicochemical properties, met drug‐likeness criteria, and showed low toxicity as predicted in silico. These findings suggest that compound 5d has significant potential as a therapeutic agent for inflammatory diseases due to its dual anti‐inflammatory and antioxidant activities.