bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
De la caridad religiosa a la beneficencia burguesa, la dádiva social y sus imágenes
Authors: Velázquez Guadarrama Angélica
Published: October 2016

En el contexto de las luchas ideológicas, políticas y militares que libraron liberales y conservadores en México durante el siglo XIX, el texto encadena un conjunto de imágenes religiosas, alegóricas, devocionales y costumbristas con el tema de la caridad producidas en diferentes soportes y para diferentes públicos. A partir de una puntual investigación en la prensa, los archivos y otras fuentes primarias, el artículo da cuenta de las acciones de las Hermanas de la Caridad, de los civiles organizados en Conferencias y, particularmente de las mujeres, para paliar los estragos producidos por la modernidad. El análisis de las obras seleccionadas devela la capacidad simbólica de la cultura visual en el proceso de construcción de una sociedad moderna.
Religión, política y espectáculo: narrativas del martirio en la primera modernidad
Authors: Salamanca Villamizar Carlos Arturo
Published: October 2016

Se analizan las representaciones del martirio en el contexto de las guerras de religión, centrándose en sus procesos de producción y circulación. Los vínculos pueden trazarse entre acontecimiento y registro, sitúo el surgimiento del martirologio en un contexto de adelantos técnicos, polémicas religiosas e intensificación de la conquista y la colonización. Después estudio tres martirologios: el primero caracterizado por un dispositivo de glorificación que busca evadir la exaltación sacralizada de los mártires. El segundo que evidencia la tensión entre verdad “teológica” y verdad “histórica”, y un tercero en el que la crueldad es puesta en escena sin ambigüedades ni matices. Concluyo estableciendo una síntesis del aporte que este análisis ofrece a las discusiones sobre la violencia y sus representaciones.
Los diseños en la cestería seri: ensayo sobre técnicas de vinculación social
Authors: Martínez Ramírez María Isabel
Published: October 2016

El objeto de este artículo es describir, desde la organización del co-nocimiento y de la práctica de algunas tejedoras seris de El Desemboque, Sonora, qué significan los diseños en la cestería. Mostraré que éstos son a) índices de las relaciones que se establecen durante su elaboración y transmisión (la variación individual, la construcción del consenso familiar y de la “tradición”) y b) técnicas de vinculación para producir, reproducir e intensificar su sociedad. Asimismo, exploro el problema de la variabilidad individual en la manufactura y denominación de los diseños, lo cual implica desplazar el análisis desde el significado de los diseños hacia el sentido otorgado por sus productoras dentro del contexto de uso y práctica.
IMPULSIVIDAD Y FACETAS DE LA PERSONALIDAD: RELACIÓN ENTRE INSTRUMENTOS DE MEDIDA
Authors: Rueda Fabián J. M. , Pinto Lariana Paula , Ávila-Batista Ana Cristina
Published: October 2016

El objetivo fue relacionar la impulsividad con rasgos de personalidad, estudiando evidencia de validez convergente-discriminante para la Bateria Fatorial de Personalidade (BFP) y para la Escala de Avaliação da Impulsividade (EsAvI). Participaron 178 integrantes de la policía militar del estado de Minas Gerais, Brasil. En los resultados se recurrió al análisis de regresión stepwise, por el cual fueron identificados modelos predictores constituidos por facetas de los cinco factores de la personalidad, destacándose los factores ‘Inestabilidad Emocional’ y ‘Responsabilidad y Extraversión’ como los más relacionados a la Impulsividad. También se observó que el factor ‘Falta de Concentración y de Persistencia’ de la EsAvI fue el que reveló modelos con mayor variancia explicada por un conjunto de facetas de la BFP.
EVIDENCE OF VALIDITY OF THE LSB-50: CROSS-VALIDATION, FACTORIAL INVARIANCE AND EXTERNAL CRITERION ANALYSIS
Authors: De la Iglesia Guadalupe , Castro Solano Alejandro , Fernández Liporace Mercedes
Published: October 2016

The aim of this paper was to obtain evidence of the validity of the LSB-50 (de Rivera & Abuín, 2012), a screening measure of psychopathology, in Argentinean adolescents. The sample consisted of 1002 individuals (49.7% male; 50.3% female) between 12 and 18 years-old (M = 14.98; SD = 1.99). A cross-validation study and factorial invariance studies were performed in samples divided by sex and age to test if a seven-factor structure that corresponds to seven clinical scales (Hypersensitivity, Obsessive-Compulsive, Anxiety, Hostility, Somatization, Depression, and Sleep disturbance) was adequate for the LSB-50. The seven-factor structure proved to be suitable for all the subsamples. Next, the fit of the seven-factor structure was studied simultaneously? in the aforementioned subsamples through hierarchical models that imposed different constrains of equivalency?. Results indicated the invariance of the seven clinical dimensions of the LSB-50. Ordinal alphas showed good internal consistency for all the scales. Finally, the correlations with a diagnostic measure of psychopathology (PAI-A) indicated moderate convergence. It is concluded that the analyses performed provide robust evidence of construct validity for the LSB-50.
Miocardiocitos conducentes ventriculares
Authors: Rosero Salazar Doris Haydee , Ortiz Salazar Mario Alejandro , Salazar Monsalve Liliana
Published: October 2016

Resumen Objetivo: Exponer las características histológicas y funcionales que se presentan en el tejido muscular estriado cardíaco especializado en la conducción del estímulo eléctrico y sus implicaciones actuales en las arritmias cardíacas. Materiales y métodos: Se seleccionaron publicaciones en revistas indexadas en las bases PubMed, Wiley, Ovid-Medline y Science Direct. Los descriptores MESH utilizados para la búsqueda fueron cardiac myocytes, myocardium, heart conduction system. Se acoplaron los conceptos histology y arrhythmia. Se revisaron artículos publicados entre 1990 a 2014, originales, reportes de caso y revisiones, relacionados con los conceptos de desarrollo embrionario, diferenciación celular, morfología normal y alteración de los miocardiocitos conducentes ventriculares. Se revisó el resumen de 317 artículos, de los que se clasificaron 75 para lectura completa y de estos, 52 se seleccionaron para la redacción del presente artículo. Conclusión: Los estudios actuales se encaminan hacia las simulaciones del sistema de conducción para establecer otras causas de arritmia y opciones de tratamiento. La terapia con células indiferenciadas y las técnicas moleculares de modificación genética hacen parte de estos estudios, así como la implementación de terapias alternativas no invasivas en el tratamiento de las arritmias cardíacas.Abstract Objective: To expose the histological and functional characteristics that occur in heart striated muscle tissue specialized in the conduction of electrical stimulation and its current implications for cardiac arrhythmias. Materials and methods: Publications in indexed journals in PubMed, Wiley, Ovid-Medline and Science Direct databases were selected. The MESH descriptors used for the search were cardiac myocytes, myocardium and heart conduction system. The concepts of histology and arrhythmia were mated. Articles published from 1990 to 2014 were reviewed as well as the original ones, case reports and reviews related to the concepts of embryonic development, cell differentiation and normal morphology alteration of the leading ventricular cardiomyocytes. The summary of 317 articles were read, from which 75 were classified to complete reading and finally 52 were selected for the drafting of this article. Conclusion: Current studies are directed towards the driving system simulation to establish other causes of arrhythmia and its treatment options. Not only therapies with undifferentiated cells and molecular genetic modification techniques are part of these studies but also the implementation of alternative therapies that are not invasive in the treatment of cardiac arrhythmias.
La inaceptable exclusión de género del principio pro homine en salud y las subreglas de su aplicación
Authors: Goyes Moreno Isabel , Hidalgo Oviedo Mónica
Published: October 2016

Resumen La obligación de garantizar la equidad de género no es un asunto exclusivamente jurídico. Por el contrario, se trata de una necesidad social que le compete a todas las disciplinas. Las Ciencias de la Salud y el Derecho deben comprender y comprometerse con dicho mandato así uno de los principios (pro homine) de la nueva Ley Estatutaria de la Salud sea patriarcal, en tanto mantiene el lenguaje que otorga predominio a lo masculino sobre lo femenino. La novedad e importancia de este artículo radica en la reflexión sobre el carácter orientador que la mencionada Ley está llamada a cumplir en los próximos años y en los compromisos internacionales del Estado colombiano con la equidad de género. Sólo la comprensión general de que por principio “pro homine” debe entenderse como principio “pro persona”, evitará mantener factores discriminatorios en un sistema de salud en el que aún persisten exclusiones y que con las subreglas jurisprudenciales permitirá una aplicación a favor del derecho a la salud de todas las personas. Abstract The obligation to ensure gender equality is not a merely legal issue. On the contrary, it is a social need that is the responsibility of all disciplines. The health sciences and law need to understand and engage with such a mandate, so one of the new statutory law of health principles (pro homine) is patriarchal, as long as it maintains a male language over the feminine one. The novelty and importance of this article lies in the reflection on the guiding character that the mentioned law is called to meet in the coming years and in the international commitments of the Colombian State with gender equality. Only the general understanding that the principle "pro homine", which should be understood as the principle "pro person", will prevent discriminatory factors in a health system in which there are still exclusions, and with the help of the jurisprudence sub-rules, it will enable an application in favor of the right to health of all people.
Derecho a la alimentación en población en situación de desplazamiento forzado en Bucaramanga, Colombia
Authors: Herrán Oscar F. , Patiño Gonzalo A.
Published: October 2016

Resumen Objetivo: Se analizó el acceso a la alimentación en el marco del goce efectivo de derechos en población en situación de desplazamiento forzado en el Área Metropolitana de Bucaramanga, Colombia. Materiales y métodos: Durante el segundo semestre de 2010 y el primero de 2011, se entrevistaron 272 familias siguiendo los parámetros de las Encuestas Nacionales de Verificación (ENV2007-ENV2010). Resultados: La principal causa de desplazamiento fue la amenaza directa (71,8%), seguida de los asesinatos (11,3%). El 91,2% de las familias se encontraba en el Registro Único de Población Desplazada (RUDP). El 33,5% de las familias, afirmó consumir menos alimentos de los necesarios, porque la comida no alcanzó. En el 24,6%, dejó de consumir al menos una comida principal por falta de dinero. Estar inscrito en el RUDP no se traduce en ventajas relativas con respecto al derecho a la alimentación. Conclusión: La situación de la población del Área Metropolitana de Bucaramanga en materia del goce efectivo del derecho a la alimentación no se cumple y corrobora la existencia de un estado de cosas inconstitucional. La situación de inseguridad alimentaria que atraviesan las familias en situación de desplazamiento forzado es similar a la que se registra en el país a través de las Encuestas Nacionales de Verificación.Abstract Objective: The access to food in the framework of the full enjoyment of rights in population in a situation of forced displacement in the Metropolitan Area of Bucaramanga, Colombia was analyzed. Materials and methods: 272 families were interviewed during the second half of 2010 and the first half of 2011 taking into account the parameters of the National Surveys of Verification (ENV2007-ENV2010). Results: The main cause of displacement was the direct threat (71.8%), followed by murder (11.3%). 91.2% of the families was registered in the Single Register of Displaced Population (RUDP). 33.5% of the families claimed they were consuming less food than needed because the food was not enough. 24.6% of the families stopped eating at least one main meal due to lack of money. Being enrolled in RUDP does not mean they have relative advantages with respect to the right to food. Conclusion: The situation of the population of the Metropolitan Area of Bucaramanga in terms of the effective enjoyment of the right to food is not fulfilled and confirms the existence of an unconstitutional state of affairs. The situation of food insecurity that families in a situation of forced displacement deal with is similar to that registered around the country through the National Surveys of Verification.
Mortalidad de niños menores de 5 años después de la implementación de la estrategia atención integrada a las enfermedades prevalentes en la infancia (AIEPI) - Antioquia, Colombia 2002 – 2011
Authors: Quiroz Jiménez Karen Sofía , Pulgarín Piedrahita Lina María , Cardona Arango Doris
Published: October 2016

Resumen Objetivo: Analizar el comportamiento de la mortalidad por enfermedad diarreica aguda, infección respiratoria aguda y desnutrición en niños menores de 5 años en las regiones del departamento de Antioquia entre 2002 y 2011, a partir de la implementación de la estrategia AIEPI. Materiales y métodos: Estudio descriptivo retrospectivo con enfoque cuantitativo de fuente secundaria, con registros de defunciones de menores de cinco años del Departamento de Antioquia 2002-2011, consignados en el Departamento Administrativo Nacional de Estadísticas; el análisis fue univariado y bivariado, con comparación de proporciones y tasas de mortalidad. Resultados: Las regiones muestran descenso en las cifras de mortalidad infantil por las tres causas, con diferencias entre ellas. Los hombres menores de un año presentaron una mayor proporción de muertes, con diferencias significativas, superiores al 80%. Se encontró asociación entre las causas de muerte y las regiones de origen de los fallecidos (p=0,000). Conclusión: Aunque hay descenso en las cifras de mortalidad en menores de cinco años, la implementación de AIEPI ha cumplido un papel importante en el control por estas causas de muerte, pero no hay evidencia que haya sido determinante para que ocurriera este descenso.Abstract Objective: To analyze the behavior of mortality from acute diarrheal disease, acute respiratory infection and malnutrition in children under 5 years old in the regions of the department of Antioquia between 2002 and 2011 by implementing the AIEPI strategy. Materials and methods: A retrospective descriptive study with quantitative approach of secondary source was made by using the records of deaths of children under five years old in the department of Antioquia between 2002 and 2011 which were listed in the National Administrative Department of statistics. The analysis was univariate and bivariate, with comparison of proportions and mortality rates. Results: The regions show a decline in infant mortality due to the three causes with differences between them. Men and children under a year showed a greater proportion of deaths, with significant differences higher to 80%. An association between the causes of death and the regions of origin of the deceased was found (p = 0, 000). Conclusion: Although there is decline in the figures of mortality in children under five years old, the implementation of AIEPI has played an important role in controlling these causes of death, but there is no evidence that it has been the main cause for this fall to occur.
Revisión sistemática sobre el Inventario Multifásico de Personalidad de Minnesota (MMPI)
Authors: Zambrano-Guerrero Christian Alexander , Caicedo Padilla Diego Andrés , Matabanchoy Tulcán Sonia Maritza
Published: October 2016

Resumen El presente artículo buscó determinar la aplicabilidad de la prueba de personalidad Inventario Multifásico de Personalidad de Minnesota (MMPI) a través de los últimos 25 años, por medio de la metodología de revisión sistemática de la literatura de 41 estudios en bases de datos de libre acceso como: Organización de las Naciones Unidas para la Alimentación y la Cultura, MedlinePlus, Open Journal Systems, Dialnet, Scielo, Wiley Open Access, UNESCO, Latindex, Ebsco Host, Scielo y Redalyc; que permitieron recopilar información sobre el instrumento y su aplicación en diferentes contextos y momentos del tiempo, desde el año 1990 hasta el 2015. Se concluye que en la mayoría de las investigaciones se ha demostrado la validez y confiabilidad del MMPI y se reconoce la necesidad de continuar estudios en relación a la aplicación, validación y sistematización del instrumento.Abstract This article sought to determine the applicability of the test of personality Minnesota multiphasic personality inventory (MMPI) through the last 25 years, through the methodology of systematic review of the literature in 41 studies in free access database such as: Organization of the United Nations for food and culture, MedlinePlus, Open Journal Systems , Dialnet, Scielo, Wiley Open Access, UNESCO, Latindex, Ebsco Host and Redalyc; which allowed to collect information about the instrument and its application in different contexts and moments from 1990 to 2015. It is concluded that most of the investigations have shown the validity and reliability of the MMPI as well as the need to continue studies in relation to the implementation, validation and systematization of the instrument.
La educación para la salud: “Concepto abstracto, práctica intangible”
Authors: Ocampo Rivera Diana Carolina , Arango Rojas María Eugenia
Published: October 2016

ResumenObjetivo: Comprender las concepciones y las prácticas que los estudiantes de enfermería tienen sobre educación para la salud, durante su formación de pregrado. Materiales y métodos: Estudio cualitativo, de tipo etnográfico,  focalizado, realizado con estudiantes de pregrado. Resultados: Las prácticas de Educación para la Salud en la formación de enfermería, desde la perspectiva de los estudiantes, se configuran a partir de experiencias de aprendizaje del cuidado, en las que se reproducen concepciones y significados sobre salud y educación que van, desde visiones tradicionales, hasta las alternativas. Esta multiplicidad de visiones genera tensiones y contradicciones entre el discurso y la práctica de educación para la salud, porque no se identifica una postura conceptual y pedagógica clara frente a esta categoría; asunto que se agudiza cuando en los procesos curriculares los estudiantes no encuentran el sustrato que cimente el fortalecimiento del rol educador durante la formación de pregrado. Conclusiones: La comprensión de las particularidades del proceso educativo en la formación de profesionales de enfermería y específicamente, de la formación en Educación para la Salud, exige el desarrollo de procesos pedagógicos que permitan trascender la formación técnica, centrada en el contenido y en lo procedimental y repensar la actual enseñanza hacia una enseñanza que promueva procesos reflexivos para formar enfermeros educadores para la salud.AbstractObjective: To comprehend the conceptions and practices that nursing students have on health education during their undergraduate career. Materials and methods: A qualitative, ethnographic focused study was made on undergraduate students. Results: The practices of health education in the training of nurses, from the perspective of students, are configured from the learning experiences of health care where the conceptions and meanings about health and education are reproduced from traditional views until alternative ones. These multiplicity of views generate tensions and contradictions between the discourse and the practice of health education of EPS because it is hard to identify a clear conceptual and pedagogical stance facing this category which sharpens when in the curriculum, students do not find the substratum that cements the fortification of the educator role in the formative process of the career. Conclusions: The understanding of the particularities of the education process of nurse training, specifically of the health education training, requires the development of pedagogical processes that transcend technical training of the nurse, which is centered on the content and procedure, and rethink current teaching toward a teaching that promotes reflective processes to form health educators not just professionals.
Glycoxidated ferritin induces the release of microparticles positive for Toll-like receptors derived from peripheral blood CD14+ cells
Authors: López-Soto Luis , Galván-Moroyoqui José , Martínez-Soto Manuel , Almada-Balderrama Martín , Rosales-Ruiz Ashley , Álvarez-Hernández Gerardo , Camacho Villa , Bolado Martínez , Soto-Guzmán Adriana , Candia-Plata Maria
Published: October 2016

Both increased serum ferritin levels and Toll-like receptor (TLR) activation
show independent association with the inflammatory processes. During
inflammation, cell activation and apoptosis are accompanied by the release of
membrane-derived microparticles (MPs), which are considered to be mediators
of intercellular communication as they induce specific responses in target
cells. The aim of this study was to determine whether glycated and
glycoxidated ferritin induce in vitro release TLR microparticles from CD14+
peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were
stimulated with glycated, glycoxidated and native ferritin. The release of
microparticles from CD14+ cells, the presence of TLR2+ and TLR4+ on the
microparticles surface and the presence of interleukins-6 and -8 (IL-6 and
IL-8) inside the microparticles after stimulation were determined by flow
cytometry. The role of nuclear factor ?B (NF-?B) was evaluated by
pretreatment of the cells with the Bay 11-7085 inhibitor. Glycated and
glycoxidated ferritin induced the release of microparticles from CD14+ cells,
the majority of which expressed TLR2+ and TLR4+ on their surface and
contained IL-6 and IL-8. These effects were dependent on NF-?B activation.
Our findings show that glycated and glycoxidated ferritin might be involved
in the release of microparticles and stimulation of inflammatory responses.
Retraction: Lacramioara Serban I, Hogas M, Ciobica A, Dobrin R, Petrariu F. The effects of chronic manganese administration on blood pressure in rats. Arch Biol Sci. 2014;66(1):157-60. DOI:10.2298/ABS1401157L
Authors: Editorial E
Published: October 2016

We are retracting the article Lacramioara SI, Hogas M, Ciobica A, Dobrin R,
Petrariu F. The effects of chronic manganese administration on blood
pressure in rats. Arch Biol Sci. 2014;66(1):157-60. DOI:10.2298/ABS1401157L
as a redundant publication of the article Lacramioara Serban I, Hogas M,
Ciobica A. The effects of chronic manganese administration on blood pressure
in rats. Arch Biol Sci. 2013;65(3):1195-8. DOI:10.2298/ABS1303195S. The
current editorial team cannot establish why this error occurred. We conclude
that this is the best step to take in order to correct the literature and
alert readers to a redundant article.

 Link to the retracted article 10.2298/ABS1401157L
ECB policy responses between 2007 and 2014: A chronological analysis and an assessment of their effects
Authors: Rodríguez Carlos , Carrasco Carlos
Published: October 2016

The paper analyses the monetary policy responses of the European Central Bank
(ECB) to the global financial crisis and the European sovereign debt crisis.
Our goals are on the one hand to explain chronologically the main measures in
conventional and unconventional policies adopted by the ECB and on the other
hand to analyse their effects on key interest rates, monetary aggregates and
the money multiplier. The assessment is that the ECB?s monetary policy
responses to the crisis have been ?too little, too late?, constrained by the
institutional framework, which prevents the ECB from acting as a true central
bank with the role of lender of last resort.
Subreption, radical institutionalism, and economic evolution
Authors: Hall John , Dunlap Alexander , Mitchell-Nelson Joe
Published: October 2016

This inquiry seeks to establish the importance of subreption as an approach
to economic and social evolution that also proves integral to the tradition
of radical institutionalism. We relate subreption?s etymology and appearances
in Roman, Canon and Scots Law, as well as in Philosophy, to its applications
found in writings advanced by Thorstein Veblen and carried on later as
William Dugger details the rise of corporate hegemony. Understood as an
approach derivable from selected philosophical writings of Immanuel Kant, in
social science subreption is suggested to occur through the introduction of
an outside value that sets off a form of institutional evolution that we
characterize as an ?volution noire. Considering subreption and the rise of
big business, we can mark a movement away from a past governed by
comparatively noble values and towards a deteriorated, debased and degraded
economic and social reality overtly influenced by comparatively ignoble,
pecuniary values.
Hydroxyurea and nonmelanoma skin cancers: Report of three cases and review of the literature
Authors: Ros Tatjana , Gajic Branislava , Gajinov Zorica , Ivkov-Simic Milana , Stojanovic Slobodan , Golusin Zoran
Published: October 2016

Introduction. Hydroxyurea (HU) is a cytostatic agent, frequently used for the treatment of myeloproliferative disorders, sickle cell anemia and severe forms of psoriasis. Cutaneous side effects occur in up to one third of patients taking hydroxyurea, with the most serious side effect being susceptibility to develop non-melanoma skin cancers. Case report. We report 3 patients using HU that have developed multiple skin malignancies on the head and neck region and dorsa of the hands, arranged according to the level of the overall squamous dysplasia expressed. Conclusion. A cumulative dose of hydroxyurea affects skin cancer promotion in concordance with other risk factors determining cumulative ultraviolet exposure (age of the patients, skin phototype, sun habits), but the exact influence of each of them and enrollment of other possible cofactors remains to be elucidated. We point out the importance of adequate skin cancer preventive and therapeutic approach to the patients treated with hydroxyurea.
A new pathophysiological concept and new classification of pre-eclampsia
Authors: Mirkovic Ljiljana , Nejkovic Lazar , Micic Jelena
Published: October 2016

nema
The frequency of metabolic syndrome in patients with the subclinical hypothyroidism
Authors: Mulic Mersudin , Skrijeljm Fadil , Hajrovic Sefcet , Prelevic Rade , Milev Bosko
Published: October 2016

Background/Aim. An increased cardiovascular risk of thyroid dysfunction is associated with the impairment of lipid and lipoprotein metabolism, endothelial dysfunction, metabolic, hormonal, hemodynamic changes and coagulation disorders. Subclinical hypothyroidism is characterized by supernormal thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) level along with normal values of thyroid hormones. The association of subclinical hypothyroidism with higher cardiovascular risk has not been fully clarified. The aim of the study was to determine the frequency of metabolic syndrome and the associated cardiovascular risk factors in patients with the subclinical hypothyroidism. Method. The study included 140 subjects aged from 18 to 65 years, out of which 105 subjects had subclinical hypothyroidism and 35 subjects were the euthyroid controls. The clinical trial program, completed in all subjects, included: detailed medical history and physical examination, waist circumference, and laboratory tests [fasting glycemia, lipid and lipoprotein status, free triiodothyronine (FT3) and free thyroxine (FT4) and TSH levels]. Results. Out of 105 patients with the subclinical hypothyroidism, mean age 44.15 ? 11.23 years, 77 (73.3%) patients had metabolic syndrome. In the control group consisting of 35 subjects, mean age 33.80 ? 10.60 years, only 3 (8.6%) subjects had metabolic syndrome. Mean values of the waist circumference, fasting glycemia, triglycerides, systolic and diastolic blood pressure were higher in subclinical hypothyroidism group in relation to the controls (p < 0.0001). Mean value of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol was lower in subclinical hypothyroidism group as compared to the controls (p < 0.002). Conclusion. The frequency of metabolic syndrome was 9 times higher in subjects with the subclinical hypothyroidism in relation to subjects without any subclinical hypothyroidism.
Influence of HbA1c and BMI on Lipid Trajectories in Youths and Young Adults With Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: Katz Michelle L. , Kollman Craig R. , Dougher Carly E. , Mubasher Mohamed , Laffel Lori M.B.
Published: October 2016

OBJECTIVE

To assess the influence of HbA1c and BMI (measured as BMI z score [zBMI]) on LDL, HDL, and non-HDL trajectories as youths with type 1 diabetes age into early adulthood.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

Dynamic, retrospective cohort study examining changes in lipid values in 572 youths with type 1 diabetes followed longitudinally for a median of 9.3 years. Through longitudinal modeling, we describe the relationship of HbA1c and zBMI on lipid values as subjects age after adjusting for other relevant factors, including lipid-lowering medication use.

RESULTS

The median number of lipid assessments was 7 (range 2–39). Every 1% increase in HbA1c was associated with an ∼2–6 mg/dL increase in LDL levels, with a greater increase in LDL levels as subjects progressed from prepubertal to postpubertal age ranges. A 1-SD increase in BMI was associated with a mean LDL increase of 2.1 mg/dL when subjects were 10 years old and increased to a mean of 8.2 mg/dL when subjects were 19 years old. The association between changes in HbA1c level and zBMI and changes in non-HDL levels as youths aged were similar to the associations found with LDL. The influence of HbA1c and zBMI on HDL levels was small and not dependent on age.

CONCLUSIONS

Changes in HbA1c level and zBMI modestly impact LDL and non-HDL cholesterol and have greater impacts as children age. Addressing elevations in HbA1c and zBMI as children enter into adolescence and beyond may lead to improvements in lipid levels.
Influence of germanate anomaly on elastic, structural, and optical properties of xNa2O-(99–x)[80GeO2:20PbO]-1Er2O3 lead–germanate glasses
Authors: Maulud Mohd Fauzi , Yahya Ahmad Kamal
Published: October 2016

A sodium–lead–germanate glass system, with a composition of xNa2O-((100–y)–x)[80GeO2:20PbO]-yEr2O3 (x = 0–25 mol.%, y = 0, 1 mol.%), was prepared by melt quenching and used to investigate the effect of Na2O and Er2O3 on the germanate anomaly. The structural and optical properties of the glass samples were investigated using X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared, and UV–Vis spectroscopy analyses. Elastic properties of Er2O3-doped glasses (y = 1) were studied by measuring longitudinal and shear velocities through the pulse-echo method at 5 MHz. Based on Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analysis of Er2O3-doped glasses, the conversion of GeO4 into GeO6 indicates that the glass system possesses the germanate anomaly characteristic but has no density anomaly. Longitudinal, shear, bulk, and Young's moduli (C
L, μ, K, and E, respectively) increased to their maximum values at x = 10 mol.% but decreased with increasing amount of Na2O added. This finding reveals the elastic nature of the germanate anomaly. Increase in elastic moduli indicates enhanced network rigidity of the glass system in the germanate anomaly region, where the coordination number increased with the transformation of GeO4 to GeO6. Subsequent decrease in elastic moduli (x > 10 mol.%) denotes weakened network rigidity of the glass system because of enhanced formation of non-bridging oxygen. Furthermore, analysis using bulk compression and ring deformation models reveals the nonlinear trends of K
bc
/K
e ratio and average ring size diameter as a result of the germanate anomaly. The anomaly also influenced optical properties of both Er2O3-doped (y = 1) and Er2O3-free (y = 0) glasses, where the optical energy gap (E
opt) decreased with the addition of Na2O up to 10 mol.% and slightly increased with more than 10 mol.% Na2O. By contrast, Urbach energy (E
U) and refractive index (n) showed opposite trends to that of E
opt. The behavior of E
U indicates changes in defect concentration, which affects E
opt and n.
A systematic review of 30-day readmission after cranial neurosurgery
Authors: Cusimano Michael D. , Pshonyak Iryna , Lee Michael Y. , Ilie Gabriela
Published: October 2016

OBJECTIVE

The 30-day readmission rate has emerged as an important marker of the quality of in-hospital care in several fields of medicine. This review aims to summarize available research reporting readmission rates after cranial procedures and to establish an association with demographic, clinical, and system-related factors and clinical outcomes.

METHODS

The authors conducted a systematic review of several databases; a manual search of the Journal of Neurosurgery, Neurosurgery, Acta Neurochirurgica, Canadian Journal of Neurological Sciences; and the cited references of the selected articles. Quality review was performed using the STROBE (Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology) criteria. Findings are reported according to the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines.

RESULTS

A total of 1344 articles published between 1947 and 2015 were identified; 25 were considered potentially eligible, of which 12 met inclusion criteria. The 30-day readmission rates varied from 6.9% to 23.89%. Complications arising during or after neurosurgical procedures were a prime reason for readmission. Race, comorbidities, and longer hospital stay put patients at risk for readmission.

CONCLUSIONS

Although readmission may be an important indicator for good care for the subset of acutely declining patients, neurosurgery should aim to reduce 30-day readmission rates with improved quality of care through systemic changes in the care of neurosurgical patients that promote preventive measures.
Convenient Synthesis of Unsymmetrical N,N′-disubstituted Thioureas in Water
Authors: Li Zhengyi , Chen Yuan , Yin Yue , Wang Zhiming , Sun Xiaoqiang
Published: October 2016

A simple and convenient two-step method has been developed and used to synthesise 25 (4 of which are novel) unsymmetrical N,N′-disubstituted thioureas in water. Alkylamines or variously substituted arylamines reacted smoothly with phenyl chlorothionoformate at room temperature to form thiocarbamates, which were then reacted with another alkyl- or arylamine in water at reflux to afford the unsymmetrical N,N′-disubstituted thioureas in good to excellent yields. Mild conditions, simple work-up, high yields as well as using water as solvent are the major advantages of the method.
RP-HPLC/MS/MS Analysis of the Phenolic Compounds, Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Activities of Salvia L. Species
Authors: Tohma Hatice , Köksal Ekrem , Kılıç Ömer , Alan Yusuf , Yılmaz Mustafa , Gülçin İlhami , Bursal Ercan , Alwasel Saleh
Published: October 2016

The identification and quantification of the phenolic contents of methanolic extracts of three Salvia L. species namely S. brachyantha (Bordz.) Pobed, S. aethiopis L., and S. microstegia Boiss. and Bal. were evaluated using reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography, UV adsorption, and mass spectrometry (RP-HPLC/MS). In order to determine the antioxidant capacity of these species, cupric ions (Cu2+) reducing assay (CUPRAC) and ferric ions (Fe3+) reducing assay (FRAP) were performed to screen the reducing capacity and 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay was employed for evaluation of the radical scavenging activity for both solvents. In further investigation, the antimicrobial activities of Salvia species were tested using the disc diffusion method against three Gram-positive and four Gram-negative microbial species, as well as three fungi species. The results showed that there is a total of 18 detectable phenols, the most abundant of which was kaempferol in S. microstegia and rosmarinic acids in S. brachyantha and S aethiopis. The other major phenols were found to be apigenin, luteolin, p-coumaric acid, and chlorogenic acid. All species tested showed moderate and lower antioxidant activity than standard antioxidants such as butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA), butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT), and ascorbic acid. The ethanolic extracts of Salvia species revealed a wide range of antimicrobial activity. S. brachyantha and S. microstegia showed the highest antimicrobial activities against B. subtilis, whereas S. aethiopis was more effective on Y. lipolytica. None of the extracts showed anti-fungal activity against S. cerevisiae. Thus these species could be valuable due to their bioactive compounds.
A Multi-Compartment Hybrid Computational Model Predicts Key Roles for Dendritic Cells in Tuberculosis Infection
Authors: Marino Simeone , Kirschner Denise
Published: October 2016

Tuberculosis (TB) is a world-wide health problem with approximately 2 billion people infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb, the causative bacterium of TB). The pathologic hallmark of Mtb infection in humans and Non-Human Primates (NHPs) is the formation of spherical structures, primarily in lungs, called granulomas. Infection occurs after inhalation of bacteria into lungs, where resident antigen-presenting cells (APCs), take up bacteria and initiate the immune response to Mtb infection. APCs traffic from the site of infection (lung) to lung-draining lymph nodes (LNs) where they prime T cells to recognize Mtb. These T cells, circulating back through blood, migrate back to lungs to perform their immune effector functions. We have previously developed a hybrid agent-based model (ABM, labeled GranSim) describing in silico immune cell, bacterial (Mtb) and molecular behaviors during tuberculosis infection and recently linked that model to operate across three physiological compartments: lung (infection site where granulomas form), lung draining lymph node (LN, site of generation of adaptive immunity) and blood (a measurable compartment). Granuloma formation and function is captured by a spatio-temporal model (i.e., ABM), while LN and blood compartments represent temporal dynamics of the whole body in response to infection and are captured with ordinary differential equations (ODEs). In order to have a more mechanistic representation of APC trafficking from the lung to the lymph node, and to better capture antigen presentation in a draining LN, this current study incorporates the role of dendritic cells (DCs) in a computational fashion into GranSim. Results: The model was calibrated using experimental data from the lungs and blood of NHPs. The addition of DCs allowed us to investigate in greater detail mechanisms of recruitment, trafficking and antigen presentation and their role in tuberculosis infection. Conclusion: The main conclusion of this study is that early events after Mtb infection are critical to establishing a timely and effective response. Manipulating CD8+ and CD4+ T cell proliferation rates, as well as DC migration early on during infection can determine the difference between bacterial clearance vs. uncontrolled bacterial growth and dissemination.
Revenue Risk of U.S. Tight-Oil Firms
Authors: Abadie Luis , Chamorro José
Published: October 2016

American U.S. crude oil prices have dropped significantly of late down to a low of less than $30 a barrel in early 2016. At the same time price volatility has increased and crude in storage has reached record amounts in the U.S. America. Low oil prices in particular pose quite a challenge for the survival of U.S. America’s tight-oil industry. In this paper we assess the current profitability and future prospects of this industry. The question could be broadly stated as: should producers stop operation immediately or continue in the hope that prices will rise in the medium term? Our assessment is based on a stochastic volatility model with three risk factors, namely the oil spot price, the long-term oil price, and the spot price volatility; we allow for these sources of risk to be correlated and display mean reversion. We then use information from spot and futures West Texas Intermediate (WTI) oil prices to estimate this model. Our aim is to show how the development of the oil price in the future may affect the prospective revenues of firms and hence their operation decisions at present. With the numerical estimates of the model’s parameters we can compute the value of an operating tight-oil field over a certain time horizon. Thus, the present value (PV) of the prospective revenues up to ten years from now is $37.07/bbl in the base case. Consequently, provided that the cost of producing a barrel of oil is less than $37.07 production from an operating field would make economic sense. Obviously this is just a point estimate. We further perform a Monte Carlo (MC) simulation to derive the risk profile of this activity and calculate two standard measures of risk, namely the value at risk (VaR) and the expected shortfall (ES) (for a given confidence level). In this sense, the PV of the prospective revenues will fall below $22.22/bbl in the worst 5% of the cases; and the average value across these worst scenarios is $19.77/bbl. Last we undertake two sensitivity analyses with respect to the spot price and the long-term price. The former is shown to have a stronger impact on the field’s value than the latter. This bodes well with the usual time profile of tight oil production: intense depletion initially, followed by steep decline thereafter.
Hydrogen Production from Sea Wave for Alternative Energy Vehicles for Public Transport in Trapani (Italy)
Authors: Franzitta Vincenzo , Curto Domenico , Rao Davide , Viola Alessia
Published: October 2016

The coupling of renewable energy and hydrogen technologies represents in the mid-term a very interesting way to match the tasks of increasing the reliable exploitation of wind and sea wave energy and introducing clean technologies in the transportation sector. This paper presents two different feasibility studies: the first proposes two plants based on wind and sea wave resource for the production, storage and distribution of hydrogen for public transportation facilities in the West Sicily; the second applies the same approach to Pantelleria (a smaller island), including also some indications about solar resource. In both cases, all buses will be equipped with fuel-cells. A first economic analysis is presented together with the assessment of the avoidable greenhouse gas emissions during the operation phase. The scenarios addressed permit to correlate the demand of urban transport to renewable resources present in the territories and to the modern technologies available for the production of hydrogen from renewable energies. The study focuses on the possibility of tapping the renewable energy potential (wind and sea wave) for the hydrogen production by electrolysis. The use of hydrogen would significantly reduce emissions of particulate matter and greenhouse gases in urban districts under analysis. The procedures applied in the present article, as well as the main equations used, are the result of previous applications made in different technical fields that show a good replicability.
Thermochemical Characterizations of Novel Vermiculite-LiCl Composite Sorbents for Low-Temperature Heat Storage
Authors: Zhang Yannan , Wang Ruzhu , Li Tingxian , Zhao Yanjie
Published: October 2016

To store low-temperature heat below 100 °C, novel composite sorbents were developed by impregnating LiCl into expanded vermiculite (EVM) in this study. Five kinds of composite sorbents were prepared using different salt concentrations, and the optimal sorbent for application was selected by comparing both the sorption characteristics and energy storage density. Textural properties of composite sorbents were obtained by extreme-resolution field emission scanning electron microscopy (ER-SEM) and an automatic mercury porosimeter. After excluding two composite sorbents which would possibly exhibit solution leakage in practical thermal energy storage (TES) system, thermochemical characterizations were implemented through simulative sorption experiments at 30 °C and 60% RH. Analyses of thermogravimetric analysis/differential scanning calorimetry (TGA/DSC) curves indicate that water uptake of EVM/LiCl composite sorbents is divided into three parts: physical adsorption of EVM, chemical adsorption of LiCl crystal, and liquid–gas absorption of LiCl solution. Energy storage potential was evaluated by theoretical calculation based on TGA/DSC curves. Overall, EVMLiCl20 was selected as the optimal composite sorbent with water uptake of 1.41 g/g, mass energy storage density of 1.21 kWh/kg, and volume energy storage density of 171.61 kWh/m3.
Integrated Application of Multivariate Statistical Methods to Source Apportionment of Watercourses in the Liao River Basin, Northeast China
Authors: Chen Jiabo , Li Fayun , Fan Zhiping , Wang Yanjie
Published: October 2016

Source apportionment of river water pollution is critical in water resource management and aquatic conservation. Comprehensive application of various GIS-based multivariate statistical methods was performed to analyze datasets (2009–2011) on water quality in the Liao River system (China). Cluster analysis (CA) classified the 12 months of the year into three groups (May–October, February–April and November–January) and the 66 sampling sites into three groups (groups A, B and C) based on similarities in water quality characteristics. Discriminant analysis (DA) determined that temperature, dissolved oxygen (DO), pH, chemical oxygen demand (CODMn), 5-day biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5), NH4+–N, total phosphorus (TP) and volatile phenols were significant variables affecting temporal variations, with 81.2% correct assignments. Principal component analysis (PCA) and positive matrix factorization (PMF) identified eight potential pollution factors for each part of the data structure, explaining more than 61% of the total variance. Oxygen-consuming organics from cropland and woodland runoff were the main latent pollution factor for group A. For group B, the main pollutants were oxygen-consuming organics, oil, nutrients and fecal matter. For group C, the evaluated pollutants primarily included oxygen-consuming organics, oil and toxic organics.
Tobacco Control Progress in Low and Middle Income Countries in Comparison to High Income Countries
Authors: Anderson Carrie , Becher Heiko , Winkler Volker
Published: October 2016

The study aimed to describe worldwide levels and trends of tobacco control policy by comparing low and middle income countries with other income categories from 2007 to 2014 and to analyze the corresponding relation to recent changes in smoking prevalence. Policy measure data representing years 2007 to 2014 were collected from all available World Health Organization (WHO) reports on the global tobacco epidemic. Corresponding policy percentage scores (PS) were calculated based on MPOWER measures. Age-standardized smoking prevalence data for years 2010 and 2015 were collected from the WHO Global Health Observatory Data Repository. Trends of PS were analysed with respect to WHO region and OECD country income category. Scatter plots and regression analysis were used to depict the relationship between tobacco control policy of 2010 and change in smoking prevalence between 2015 and 2010 by sex and income category. Combined PS for all countries increased significantly from 47% in 2007 to 61% by 2014 (p < 0.001). When grouped by income category and region, policies were strengthened in all categories, albeit with varying progression. By 2014, tobacco control policy legislation had reached 45% in the Least Developed Countries (LDCs), 59% in Low Middle Income Countries (LMICs), 66% in Upper Middle Income Countries (UMICs) and 70% in High Income Countries (HICs). Overall, there was a negative relationship between higher policy scores and change in smoking prevalence. Although policy strengthening had been conducted between 2007 and 2014, room for considerable global improvement remains, particularly in LDCs.