bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
"GERİ KAZANILAN KENT ATIKSULARININ SULAMADA KULLANIMI VE UYGULAMA ÖRNEKLERİ"
Authors: AYDIN Mehmet Emin , AYDIN Senar
Published: September 2023

"Urban wastewater disposal, agricultural water demand, limited water resources, climatic constraints, population growth and increasing water consumption per capita are important problems especially in arid and semi-arid regions and developing countries. Unsustainable management of existing water resources and pollution due to anthropological effects exacerbate this problem. According to the predictions of the UNESCO (2006) World Water Report on current consumption habits, according to the most negative estimate, approximately 7 billion people in 60 countries will experience water scarcity by the middle of this century; in the best case, at least 2 billion people in 48 countries will have to suffer from water shortages. In addition, according to the IPCC (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change) (2007) report, it is estimated that global water scarcity will worsen due to the effects of climate change in the world. Therefore, reuse of water is essential for the sustainable management of water resources. Agricultural irrigation accounts for the largest portion of water needs worldwide. The reuse of recovered wastewater for agricultural irrigation has a particularly great potential for the conservation of freshwater resources. In many developing countries, the reuse of untreated or insufficiently treated wastewater is very common. In particular, urban raw wastewater is used for irrigation as it is freely available and independent of dry periods and has a high value as a fertilizer. However, in order to reuse water, it is necessary to treat wastewater, to set standards by making national regulations on treatment technology, and to consider different country-specific restrictions. For sustainable water resources management, it is essential to accept wastewater as a resource. However, in order to minimize human health and environmental risks associated with uncontrolled reuse, relevant treatment processes and monitoring of practices should be implemented. In this study, information about the reuse of water, Türkiye’s water potential and use, the use of wastewater for agricultural irrigation and landscaping purposes, the legal regulations regarding the reuse of wastewater in our country, Konya closed basin and water resources are presented. The use of reclaimed wastewater in irrigation has been evaluated with the application examples of Konya and Braunschweig, Germany."
SEASONAL FLU SHOTS: YOUR BEST DEFENSE AGAINST ANNUAL INFLUENZA VARIANTS
Authors: Layla Moged AL Otaibi, , Aljazi Awadh Al Anizi, , Hammad Aleyt Al Enazy, , Turki Abdullah Al Qahtani, , Fahad Marzouq Al Otaibi, , Abdullah Hoede Al Rowais, , Ali Kawaji Kawaji,
Published: September 2023

Influenza, commonly known as the flu, is a seasonal viral infection that impacts millions each year and can lead to severe illness or even death. This article aims to illuminate the crucial role of seasonal flu shots in preventing infection from annual influenza variants. Vaccination offers multifaceted benefits including personal protection, reduced transmission rates, and a lesser burden on healthcare systems. Contrary to popular belief, the vaccine has a well-established safety profile and can significantly reduce the severity of illness even if one contracts the flu post-vaccination. Moreover, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention recommend annual vaccination due to the virus's frequent mutations. The article also clarifies common misconceptions about the vaccine's safety and effectiveness, advocating that a flu shot is the best defense against influenza for the majority of the population.
Biorisk Management and Antibiotic Susceptibility Pattern of Biofilm producing Pseudomonas aeruginosa Isolated from Broiler Chicken: A Public Health Concern
Authors: Mehmood Shahab , Ali Kashif , Bashir Asma , Farid Neha , Fatima Kiran , Naz Sheeba
Published: September 2023

Control of biosecurity and biosecurity within poultry consists of a set of practical measures meant to prevent and control the spread of disease between people and animals. Infections, caused mainly by zoonotic agents, occur frequently due to the lack of safety monitoring regulations, as well as the inappropriate use of antimicrobial products, leading to the emergence of antimicrobial-resistant microorganisms. Pseudomonas aeruginosa, often known as the MDR pathogen has evolved resistance to multiple antibiotics. Because of its propensity to build biofilms in meat and other food products, P. aeruginosa is even more resilient to the phenomenon of drug resistance which is a major public health issue. Standard microbiological and biochemical tests were used to isolate and identify P. aeruginosa from a total of 100 meat samples (20 from each district from broiler chicken meat) gathered from various butcher shops and supermarkets. The Kirby Bauer method was used to identify antibiotic resistance, while the microtiter plate test was used to monitor biofilm formation. It was found that P. aeruginosa was identified from 22% of the broiler chicken meat samples and showed resistance to Cloxacillin, teicoplanin, ciprofloxacin, imipenem, and meropenem, followed by linezolid, streptomycin, amikacin, compound sulphonamide, aztreonam and cefepime which showed intermediate resistance. Multiple Antibiotic Resistance Index (MARI) was calculated as 0.45 for a total of 11 antibiotics. Also, all 22 MDR isolates of P. aeruginosa tested positive for the presence of the biofilm. In conclusion, it was determined that chicken meat was contaminated with Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and these strains that produce biofilms are more resistant to antibiotics. Thus, there is a serious threat to public health from biofilm-forming isolates found in broiler chickens.
SAPAAN BAHASA BATAK SIMALUNGUN PADA MAHASISWA BATAK SIMALUNGUN
Authors: Barus Brema Sanjay , Rotty Victory N. J. , Monoarfa Susan
Published: September 2023

Dalam praktik penggunaannya, bahasa Batak Simalungun memiliki bentuk sapaan yang digunakan untuk menyapa gelar atau nama seseorang. Penelitian ini disusun untuk mendeskripsikan bentuk sapaan dalam bahasa Batak Simalungun sebagai alat komunikasi mahasiswa UNIMA (Unvierstas Negeri Manado) yang berasal dari Sumatera Utara. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode deskriptif kualitatif dengan teknik pengumpulan data observasi dan wawancara. Sumber data penelitian adalah mahasiswa Batak di UNIMA yang tergabung dalam HIMAPSI (Himpunan Mahasiswa dan Pemuda Simalungun). Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, ditemukan beberapa faktor yang menyebabkan terjadinya perbedaan sapaan. Sebagai contoh, faktor umur untuk kakak laki-laki disapa “abang” untuk kakak perempuan disapa “botou” untuk adik disapa “anggi”. Ditemukan bahwa sapaan bahasa Batak Simalungun tidak hanya digunakan di kalangan masyarakat Batak secara umum dimanapun berada, tanpa melihat segi kekeluargaan atau hubungan darah bisa saling terhubung atau jadi berkeluarga dengan menggunakan sapaan saat bertemu dengan seseorang yang bukan saudara atau keluarga.
Antibacterial activity of Rhizopus specie isolated from rhizosphere of Mentha Piperita
Authors: Farooq Sidra , Qayum Nabila , Amir Noora , Bukhari Nain Taara , Nisa Iqbal , Khan Baber , Qayum Sumayya , Uddin Muhammad Nazir , Khan Amjad , Ahmad Majid
Published: September 2023

Soil is loaded by microbes which are capable of producing antibiotics. These compounds were used therapeutically and sometimes prophylactically in the control of infectious disease. Soil microbes can be grouped into Bacteria, Actinomycetes, Fungi, Algae, Protozoa and Nematodes. Fungi are unique eukaryotes which ingest food from outside and take nutrients through its cell walls and consists of tiny tubular mycelia known as hyphae. The fungi are well known in medical field due to the production of a wide variety of secondary metabolites. The current research study was focused on isolation, identification and antibacterial activity of fungi isolated from rhizosphere of Mentha Piperita (Mint), Abasyn University, Peshawar. The research study was conducted in the Microbiology Research Laboratory (MRL) of Abasyn University Peshawar. The soil sample was collected from rhizosphere by using sterile techniques. Serial dilution method was used to dilute the concentration of microbes present in soil sample. The Potato Dextrose Agar media was prepared and by pour plate method the sample was streaked on the plate. The plates were incubated at 280C for 72hours. The fungus was isolated by sub culturing technique and then identified by morphological and microscopic examination using Lactophenol cotton blue stain (LPCB).
Erodabilidad en suelos Andisoles, Mollisoles y Vertisoles de la región del Pacífico de Nicaragua
Authors: Treminio Corea Maykeling Lisbeth , Mendoza Corrales Reynaldo Bismarck , Garmendia Zapata Miguel Angel
Published: September 2023

Los modelos de predicción son una alternativa para reducir costos por monitoreo de la erosión en campo. El objetivo de esta investigación fue proponer un modelo local de mayor predicción de la erodabilidad, para esto, treinta muestras de suelo fueron colectadas en siete municipios de la región del Pacífico de Nicaragua en suelos Andisoles, Mollisoles, y Vertisoles, bajo diferentes usos productivos. Las variables estudiadas en campo fueron: permeabilidad superficial y tipo de estructura. En laboratorio; granulometría, materia orgánica y estabilidad de agregados. Los análisis estadísticos se realizaron en el software RStudio (2022), aplicándose pruebas de normalidad de Shapiro-Wilks, análisis no paramétrico de Kruskal-Wallis y el Modelo de Regresión Lineal Múltiple. Donde las variables con mayor incidencia en la erodabilidad son el porcentaje de limo, porcentaje de arena muy fina y la permeabilidad superficial. El modelo de Regresión Lineal Múltiple propuesto K=-0.0608+0.0076(a)+0.0123(b)-0.0261(c) -0.000056(d)+0.0011(e) , encontró que las variables: porcentaje de limo (a ), porcentaje de arena muy fina (b), contenido de materia orgánica (c), permeabilidad superficial (d) y estabilidad  de agregados (e), presentan alto y significativo poder predictivo de 87.64 %, con una  Pr(>|t|)= 2.06×10-10, 5.34×10-5, 8×104, 12×102 y 11×102  respectivamente.
Hetero-Alkali Catalyst for Production of Biodiesel from Domesticated Waste: (Used Waste oil)
Authors: Keke Mabel , Rockson-Itiveh David Emoefe , Ozioko Fabian Chidiebere , Adepoju Tunde Folorunsho
Published: September 2023

Biodiesel, a fuel derived from renewable sources, has garnered significant attention from energy researchers over the past two decades as a clean alternative to diesel fuel. This increased interest can be attributed to the alarming impact of climate change caused by the use of traditional diesel fuel. This paper focuses on showcasing the qualities of biodiesel produced from used waste oil and the positive impact on the alarming change in climate today. The observable characteristics of used waste oil for the synthesis of biodiesel in the presence of an ethanolic CaO-K2 O-SiO2 base catalyst created from leftover palm kernel empty bunches was rigorously explored in this study. The catalyst obtained from Palm Kernel Bunch Stem (PKBS) was characterized using Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Extended RangeSpectroscopy - Flame Photometry (XRS-FP), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller analyzer (BET) isothermal adsorption and qualitative analysis. Reusability of catalyst and economic evaluation of the synthesized biodiesel were also evaluated. The quality of the Oil was identified through standard techniques by examining its physicochemical characteristics as well as other elements. According to the findings, the improved Used Waste Oil (UWO) characteristics met the specifications for oil required to produce biodiesel. The Used Waste Oil’s physicochemical properties included the oil’s physical condition as liquid/dark brownish at 28, acid value of 0.96 (mg KOH/g oil), FFA (% oleic acid), 0.48, iodine value of 152.00 (I2g/100g), and peroxide value of 5.1 milli-equivalent of peroxide/kg of oil, among others. The obtained catalyst demonstrated high basic strength with potassium oxide (61.63 wt/%) being the predominant component. At run 5 with 98.52 (%wt /wt), 65 minutes reaction time, 4.0 (%wt) catalyst amount, reaction temperature of 70 , and a 7:1 ethanol to oil ratio produced the highest biodiesel yield. The study concluded that, UWO can possibly be utilized as an economically benign feedstock for the production of biodiesel, and the resultant catalyst could potentially be employed in industries as bio-base.
Role of gastrointestinal health in managing children with autism spectrum disorder
Authors: Al-Beltagi Mohammed , Saeed Nermin Kamal , Bediwy Adel Salah , Elbeltagi Reem , Alhawamdeh Rawan
Published: September 2023

Investigating gastrointestinal (GI) motility disorders relies on diagnostic tools to assess muscular contractions, peristalsis propagation and the integrity and coordination of various sphincters. Manometries are the gold standard to study the GI motor function but it is increasingly acknowledged that manometries do not provide a complete picture in relation to sphincters competencies and muscle fibrosis. Endolumenal functional lumen imaging probe (EndoFLIP) an emerging technology, uses impedance planimetry to measure hollow organs cross sectional area, distensibility and compliance. It has been successfully used as a complementary tool in the assessment of the upper and lower oesophageal sphincters, oesophageal body, the pylorus and the anal canal. In this article, we aim to review the uses of EndoFLIP as a tool to investigate GI motility disorders with a special focus on paediatric practice. The majority of EndoFLIP studies were conducted in adult patients but the uptake of the technology in paediatrics is increasing. EndoFLIP can provide a useful complementary data to the existing GI motility investigation in both children and adults.
Radiation dose analysis of computed tomography coronary angiography in Children with Kawasaki disease
Authors: Bhatt Mahesh Chandra , Singhal Manphool , Pilania Rakesh Kumar , Bansal Subhash Chand , Khandelwal Niranjan , Gupta Pankaj , Singh Surjit
Published: September 2023

Investigating gastrointestinal (GI) motility disorders relies on diagnostic tools to assess muscular contractions, peristalsis propagation and the integrity and coordination of various sphincters. Manometries are the gold standard to study the GI motor function but it is increasingly acknowledged that manometries do not provide a complete picture in relation to sphincters competencies and muscle fibrosis. Endolumenal functional lumen imaging probe (EndoFLIP) an emerging technology, uses impedance planimetry to measure hollow organs cross sectional area, distensibility and compliance. It has been successfully used as a complementary tool in the assessment of the upper and lower oesophageal sphincters, oesophageal body, the pylorus and the anal canal. In this article, we aim to review the uses of EndoFLIP as a tool to investigate GI motility disorders with a special focus on paediatric practice. The majority of EndoFLIP studies were conducted in adult patients but the uptake of the technology in paediatrics is increasing. EndoFLIP can provide a useful complementary data to the existing GI motility investigation in both children and adults.
ASSESSMENT OF NUTRITIONAL STATUS, SELF-ESTEEM, AND QUALITY OF LIFE IN STOMATIZED PATIENTS
Authors: NAWAZ A , RASOOL F , ANWAR M
Published: September 2023

The prospective study of Nishtar Hospital Multan from January 2022 to January 2023 to assess the impact of intestinal stomas on patients' quality of life and nutritional status. Patients of both genders, aged > 18 years, having intestinal stoma, were included. A total of 100 participants were included in the study. A questionnaire including demographic details, information regarding the stoma, and the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale/UNIFESP-EPM quality of Life Scale was used to collect data.59 respondents had low self-esteem (<15), having a mean Score of 0.56; 11 had normal self-esteem with a mean value of 0.64, and 30 had high self-esteem (>25), having a mean of 0.62. A significant association and positive correlation existed between self-esteem and nutritional status (P= 0.04). Linear regression analysis showed a significant association between nutritional status and duration of stoma (P=0.011), type of stoma (P=0.05), monthly income (P=0.01), and number of meals/day (P=0.002). Moreover, there was a significant difference between median QoL – SeSi scores of urostomy patients (Mdn=18.5) compared to those who had a stoma (Mdn=16.5) or an inflamed appendix (16.0) (P= 0.04). Analysis of QoL-FF Score (relation with friends and family) showed urostomy patients (Mdn = 34.5) had substantially higher ratings than colostomy patients (median = 33.5, p = 0.02), and ileostomy patients (Mdn = 32.0, p = 0.025). There was no discernible difference between colostomy as well as ileostomy ratings. It was concluded that stoma patients' quality of life, self-esteem, and nutritional status are interconnected.
EVALUATION OF SELF-HARM AND SUICIDAL ATTEMPTS AMONG UNIVERSITY STUDENTS
Authors: SIYAL FJ , JISKANI SA , SUNIL R , ALI A , BUGHIO N , BULEDI A , SHAIKH B , ABBAS W , SIYAL S , SHAIKH ZA , NADEEM . , KHOSO MH , MALIK E
Published: September 2023

Self–harm and suicidal attempts are very important public health concerns and emerging issues affecting millions globally, especially young and adults. Suicidal attempts and self–harm are essential predictors of suicide in future and intolerable suffering. Assessment in this domain is challenging as no agreement is observed to conceptualize the behaviors. Our study aims to assess the prevalence rate of suicidal attempts and thoughts and self–harm thoughts in young adults. This cross-sectional study was conducted at Shaheed Mohtarma Benazir Bhutto Medical University for 6 months. An online questionnaire was prepared and circulated among young adults. Informed consent was obtained from all participants. The questionnaire included many demographic questions, including age, gender, living status, and relationship status. The data was analyzed using SPSS 24.0. For all qualitative variables, frequencies and percentages were measured. A total of 401 responses were collected. The number of female participants was more (66.6%) than male participants (33.4%). The majority of participants (70.3%) were aged between 18-23 years, followed by 24-29 years (23.7%) and 30-35 years (6%). In questions regarding self–harm and suicidal thoughts, 27.2% of respondents said that they had serious thoughts about suicide but never attempted it, 17.2% responded that they had such thoughts before attending university, and 11.7% said that they tried to attempt suicide in some manner. Thoughts of suicide and self–harm were observed among university students. Various factors influence students' mental health, including parental help, home environment, and university workload. Stress–free environment and social support to students may decrease the prevalence of suicidal tendencies among students.
Inhibitory effects of Buddleja scordioides (salvilla) leaves on digestive enzymes and carbohydrate absorption in vivo
Authors: Barragan Zuñiga Laura Jazel , Simental Mendía Luis E. , Herrera Mayra Denise , González Laredo Rubén Francisco , Gallegos Infante José Alberto , Salas Pacheco José , Moreno Jiménez Martha Rocío , Rocha Guzmán Nuria Elizabeth , Gamboa-Gomez Claudia Ivette
Published: September 2023

The effects of Buddleja scordioides (BsLI) leaf infusions on digestive enzymes and carbohydrate absorption were evaluated. The BsLI yield was 21.64 %. In addition, a chemical characterization was carried out identifying hydroxybenzoic acids, hydroxycinnamic acids, flavonols, flavanones and flavones. In vitro studies were performed to determine the inhibitory action of BsLI on lipase, α-amylase, and α-glucosidase. Then, in rats, oral starch tolerance tests (OSTT) were carried out using BsLI at a dose of 9.5 mg/kg body weight. Results showed moderate inhibition of lipase and α-glucosidase, but greater inhibition of α-amylase compared to positive controls. During the OSTT trial, the group receiving BsLI showed a significant reduction in glucose levels compared to the negative control group. Bioactive compounds, such as naringenin, luteolin, quercetin, and coumaric acid, were identified after BsLI administration. Furthermore, the consumption of BsLI was safe and showed antioxidant activity like Trolox. In conclusion, BsLI may have an enhanced effect on glucose metabolism by inhibiting carbohydrate absorption.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.54167/tch.v17i2.1221
Variability and Character Association in Twisted and Normal Trees of Chirpine
Authors: Sehgal R. , Anand K. , Sankhyan Hari
Published: September 2023

Comparative studies were made to know the differences between twisted and normal trees found in high resin yielding stands. Field observations were made for different quantitative and qualitative traits and samples were analysed in the laboratory. Coefficient of variation, genetic parameters and correlation coefficients were computed. The two types of tree exhibit similar correlations among the characters but there were differences in the genetic parameters.
Introduction to Symbolic 2-Plithogenic Probability Theory
Authors:   Department of Mathematical Statistics, Faculty of Science, University of Aleppo, Aleppo, Syria, Zeina Mohamed Bisher ,   Faculty of Science, Department of Mathematical Statistics, University of Aleppo, Aleppo, Syria,   Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Science, Tishreen University, Latakia, Syria,   Faculty of Science, Department of Mathematical Statistics, University of Aleppo, Aleppo, Syria, Altounji Nizar , Abobala Mohammad , Karmouta Yasin
Published: September 2023

In this paper we present for the first time the concept of symbolic plithogenic random variables and study its properties including expected value and variance. We build the plithogenic formal form of two important distributions that are exponential and uniform distributions. We find its probability density function and cumulative distribution function in its plithogenic form. We also derived its expected values and variance and the formulas of its random numbers generating. We finally present the fundamental form of plithogenic probability density and cumulative distribution functions. All the theorems were proved depending on algebraic approach using isomorphisms. This paper can be considered the base of symbolic plithogenic probability theory.
Neutrosophic Monte Carlo Simulation Approach for Decision Making In Medical Diagnostic Process Under Uncertain Environment
Authors:   Department of Mathematics, Ch. Charan Singh University, Meerut, India, Sharma M. K. ,   Department of Mathematics, Ch. Charan Singh University, Meerut, India; Department of Mathematics, Zakir Husain Delhi College, New Delhi, India-110002,   Department of Mathematics, Ch. Charan Singh University, Meerut, India,   Department of Mathematics, National Institute of Technology, Chaltlang, Aizawl 796 012, Mizoram, India,   Department of Mathematics, Indira Gandhi National Tribal University, Lalpur, Amarkantak, Anuppur, Madhya Pradesh 484 887, India, Dhiman Nitesh , Kumar Shubham , Rathour Laxmi , Mishra Vishnu Narayan
Published: September 2023

This work emphasis on the basic notions regarding the Neutrosophic Fuzzy Sets (NFSs) with operations and their applicability in medical diagnostic process. In this manuscript, we developed neutrosophic fuzzy set-based Monte Carlo simulation technique for the decision making in medical diagnostic processin fuzzy environment. In this work, we managed the waiting time and idle time of the doctor during the treatment process of the patients. The various parameters are stated as linguistic variable in the form of NFSs. The developed neutrosophic Monte Carlo simulation technique (NMCST) is extended in the planning strategy of a doctor to treat the patient in a neutrosophic fuzzy environment. For the validation and authentication of the efficiency of the proposed NMCST, numerical computations are carried out with the examples of medical problems.
Positive Implicative and Commutative BS-Neutrosophic Ideals of BCK/BCI-Algebra
Authors:   Department of Mathematics, Acharya Nagarjuna University, Nagarjuna Nagar,Guntur-522 510,Andhra Pradesh,India, Satyanarayana B. ,   Department of Mathematics, Sir C.R.Reddy College of Engineering,Eluru-534007,Andhra Pradesh,India,   Department Of Engineering Mathematics,College of Engineering,Koneru Lakshmaih Educational Fondation,Vaddeswaram-522302,Guntur(DT),Andhra Pradesh,India,   Laboratory of Information Processing, Faculty of Science Ben M’Sik, University Hassan II, B.P 7955, Morocco, Baji Shake , Ramesh D. , Broumi Said
Published: September 2023

The notion of Positive Implicative BS-Neutrosophic Ideal, Commutative BS-Neutrosophic Ideal and related properties are investigated. Characterizations of Positive Implicative BS-Neutrosophic Ideal, Commutative BS- Neutrosophic Ideal are discussed.
Internal organizational factors driving digital transformation for business model innovation in SMEs
Authors: Van Tonder Chanté , Sandra Hasanefendic  , Bart Bossink  , Chris Schachtebeck  , Cecile Nieuwenhuizen
Published: September 2023

Purpose - The primary purpose of this paper is to investigate which internal organizational factors drive digital transformation for business model innovation in small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs).

Design/methodology/approach – The paper builds on a Delphi study from both a South African and Dutch scholarly and industry perspective. The Delphi study uses a questionnaire to query the commonly cited internal organizational factors that drive digital transformation for business model innovation in SMEs in an emerging and a developed economy.

Findings – The paper identifies two important internal organizational factors driving digital transformation for business model innovation in SMEs: (a) a renewal of business strategy and (b) a renewal of business culture. It identifies various subfactors within these two internal organizational factors.  

Originality/value – The study contributes to the current understanding of the internal organizational factors that drive digital transformation for business model innovation in SMEs. Researchers can use these factors and associated subfactors as a basis for future research. To practitioners, the findings provide a guideline on which business activities in SMEs to (re)arrange to enable digital transformation-induced business model innovation.
Operationalizing Collaborative Business Models: A Practitioner Capabilities Lens
Authors: Coombes Philip
Published: September 2023

This paper offers insight into the boundary-spanning practitioners and the operationalization of their capabilities that are critical to sustainable value co-creation, delivery, and capture within collaborative business models. Few empirical studies have focused on the concept of collaborative business models - those business models in which value is co-created, delivered, and captured between practitioners outside the boundaries of a single firm - and research into the dynamic/ordinary capabilities of their boundary-spanning practitioners appears neglected. The study is centered on three firms that form a solutions collaborative (public-private) business model. A case study methodology is deployed to examine the firms as three embedded units of analysis. The data sources consist ofsemi-structured interviews supplemented by archives of publications. The findings advance understanding of practitioner dynamic/ordinary capabilities in solutions collaborative business models that are critical to support value co-creation, delivery, and capture.
The impact of exogenous shocks on business models and business relationships: An empirical analysis of the Italian music industry
Authors: Nasta Luigi , Pirolo Luca , Di Fabio Adriano
Published: September 2023

Purpose Scholars have been increasingly interested in understanding business models. However, little attention has been paid to how business models change in reaction to exogenous circumstances and how business relationships alter as a result of business model changes. This paper investigates how the business model paradigm of the Italian music industry altered in response to two major exogenous influences that impacted the sector: the digital revolution and the COVID-19 pandemic.

Design/methodology/approach As the purpose of this study is to investigate phenomena in a real-world setting, qualitative research methodology has been selected as the most appropriate one. We decided to conduct sixteen semi-structured interviews with professionals active in the Italian music business that have been selected by a combination of snowball and convenience sampling

Findings Our empirical findings indicate that the digital revolution and COVID-19 pushed Italian music companies to revise their business models by either reducing the number of linkages to the existing ones or adding new linkages to the existing ones. This was done in order for the companies to remain competitive in an environment that is constantly changing and to outcompete competitors.

Originality/value Few studies have evaluated how business relationships alter in response to the many business models emerging in the music industry due to external causes. Our research is one of the first to examine music companies' reactions to exogenous events such as crises or disruptive advances that affect the competitive landscape.
Isolation of Facultative Anaerobic Bacterial Pathogens from Canned Food and Use of Lactobacillus Plantarum as A Bio-Control Agent
Authors: Malik Khudija , Ibne Shoukani Hussan , Hassan Sabayyel , Bibi Saima , Bano Syeda Asma
Published: September 2023

Preserved foods can play a significant role in causing food poisoning when they are not handled, processed, or stored properly. Objective: To investigate facultative anaerobic foodborne bacterial pathogens from canned foods and to control their growth Lactobacillus plantarum was used as a bio-control agent. Methods: Different canned food samples were collected to isolate and identify facultative anaerobic bacterial pathogens. Results: Out of n=65 samples, n=13 samples cultured positive as facultative anaerobes. They were further confirmed with biochemical and molecular identifications as foodborne bacterial pathogens with a ratio of 62% Escherichia coli, 30% Salmonella typhimurium, and 8% Vibrio cholerae. During bio-control studies, the results revealed possible inhibition of facultative anaerobic bacterial pathogens by using purified compounds of Lactobacillus plantarum. Conclusions: The use of probiotics in canned foods requires careful consideration, as factors such as the specific strain, food matrix, processing conditions, and storage practices can influence its effectiveness.
Medical Research Ethics and Integrity in Pakistan: Ensuring Rigorous and Responsible Research Practices
Authors: Asif Naveed Muhammad
Published: September 2023

Medical research stands as a cornerstone of progress in healthcare, yielding insights that drive advancements in diagnosis, treatment, and patient care. In Pakistan, a country with a rapidly evolving healthcare landscape, the significance of upholding impeccable research ethics and integrity cannot be overstated. Ethical considerations are not mere formalities; they are the bedrock on which reliable and credible research rests. Striving for scientific excellence demands a commitment to transparency, honesty, and adherence to ethical principles at every stage of research.

The pursuit of robust research ethics encompasses several key dimensions. Foremost among these is the protection of human subjects. The ethical responsibility to ensure the well-being, rights, and informed consent of participants cannot be compromised. Equally vital is the need to safeguard the credibility of research findings. Fabrication, falsification, and selective reporting erode the very foundation of scientific inquiry and trust. In this regard, fostering a culture of accountability, where researchers are held to high standards of integrity, is imperative. Pakistan's research institutions must provide clear guidelines and promote educational programs that empower researchers to navigate complex ethical dilemmas.

As Pakistan's healthcare system becomes more interconnected with the global scientific community, harmonizing ethical standards is of paramount importance. International collaborations demand mutual respect for research ethics and data integrity. However, to achieve this, Pakistan must continue strengthening its regulatory framework and research oversight mechanisms. Regulatory bodies play a pivotal role in ensuring compliance with ethical guidelines and in investigating allegations of misconduct. By bolstering these mechanisms, Pakistan can inspire confidence in the quality and credibility of its research endeavors.

In conclusion, upholding medical research ethics and integrity in Pakistan is not a mere formality but a pledge to scientific rigor and societal well-being. The research community, regulatory bodies, and educational institutions must unite to foster a culture where ethical considerations are central to every research endeavor. Through unwavering commitment to rigorous and responsible research practices, Pakistan can both contribute meaningfully to the global body of knowledge and elevate its healthcare system for the benefit of its citizens.
Sonographic Changes in Endometrium after Use of Tamoxifen in Breast Cancer
Authors: Ramchand Aakash , Haider Ghulam , Rehman Abdul , Muneeza . , Jabeen Damisha , Abro Nargis Aalam , Abid Khadijah
Published: September 2023

Breast cancer poses a significant global health concern affecting a large number of women. Treatment strategies for breast cancer often involve the use of hormonal therapy, such as tamoxifen. However, the use of tamoxifen is associated with potential side effects, particularly in the endometrium. Objective: To evaluate the sonographic changes in the endometrium following the use of tamoxifen therapy in breast cancer patients. Methods: It was a quasi-experimental trial conducted at the Department of medical oncology, Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Center, Karachi, Pakistan from Jan 2023 to Jun 2023. Patients aged 18 years or older, histologically confirmed hormone receptor-positive breast cancer, and having tamoxifen treatment with a dose of 20mg/day for at least six months were included. Endometrial evaluation using transvaginal ultrasonography performed by experienced sonographer and sonographic parameters were assessed. Endometrial evaluation was conducted at baseline and 6 months after start of tamoxifen at regular interval as determined by the treating physician. Results: The median duration of tamoxifen therapy was 24 months with IQR as 10 to 36 months. There was statistically significant difference in pre-treatment and post-treatment endometrial thickness with p-value=0.0001. About 80.5% of the females had endometrial thickness difference of less and equal to 5mm and polyps were observed in 5 cases. Conclusions: Tamoxifen increases the risk of endometrial abnormality; this study highlights the need for monitoring endometrial changes before and after starting tamoxifen therapy in breast cancer patients to detect early suspected neoplastic changes in endometrium.
Efficacy and Safety Profile of Lenalidomide vs Lenalidomide + R-CHOP in patients with Diffuse Large B Cell Lymphoma: A Systematic Review
Authors: Ali Muhammad Sajjad , Maqbool Shahzaib , Razzaq Azeen , Rehman Abdur , Yousaf Salman , Farhan Muhammad , Farhan Baloch Maryam , Khaliq Khan Muhammad Abdul
Published: September 2023

The most frequent cause of non-Hodgkin lymphoma, which accounts for around one-third of cases, is diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL). Immune chemotherapy combined with rituximab, cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone (R-CHOP) is the standard therapy for DLBCL. Objective: To analysing the utilization of Lenalidomide versus Lenalidomide R-CHOP regimen in treatment of DLBCL in terms of treatment efficacy and safety. Methods: PRISMA guidelines were followed for conducting this study. A thorough literature search was done from November 15 to November 25, 2022. A variety of databases, including PubMed, Google Scholar, and other, were used to conduct the literature search. Finally, for this systematic review, 10 studies were chosen. Results: In our study the monotherapy with Lenalidomide was found less significant in terms of improvement in Overall response rate, complete response among patients with DLBCL. However; Lenalidomide + R-CHOP was more effective in improving overall response rate (ORR) with ORR of 92.89% vs 30.58% and complete response rate (CRR) of 80.20% vs 12.53%. The partial response rate (PR) was comparable between two therapies.  similarly, the Progression free survival was also better in combination therapy. Haematological and Non-Hematological adverse effects of grade >3 were found higher among patients with combination therapy and Neutropenia was commonly observed adverse effect. Conclusions: Combination therapy was associated with significant improvement in disease outcome, however; the adverse effects were reported high in combination therapy vs monotherapy.
Blood Donors Hemovigilance in Public Sector Tertiary Care Hospitals of Peshawar
Authors: Nawaz Safia , Ayub Ayaz , Ahmad Bilal , Nawaz Tahira
Published: September 2023

Hemovigilance of blood donors is an integral part of blood transfusion system, conferring to lessen the blood donation complications and enhancing the safety of blood donors. Objective: To determine the prevalence, severity, and associated factors of acute hemovigilance reactions in the blood donors of public sector tertiary care hospital bank banks in Peshawar. Methods: A multi-centered, cross-sectional approach was applied on blood donors` population selected via random proportionate sampling, visiting 6 Public sector tertiary care hospitals in Peshawar. Adverse reactions were reported on national guidelines reporting form during and after the blood donation. Results: Out of 420 blood donors selected via random proportionate sampling of total blood donors` population, prevalence of acute adverse hemovigilance reaction was 8.57% while no adverse reactions occurred in 91.43% of the blood donors. The most frequent hemovigilance reaction was vasovagal reactions (5.2%). All the reactions were of mild to moderate severity with no life threatening hemovigilance reactions. Conclusions: The overall prevalence rate was 8.57% of all healthy blood donors` which strengthens the fact that adverse reactions are avoidable complication of blood donations among the voluntary and replacement blood donors, and can be prevented with centralized hemovigilance data base for a sustainable base of voluntary blood donors.
Association of Diet Consumption with Gallbladder Changes in Females After Birth of Child
Authors: Abdul Razzak Asma , Rahu Sara Shafi , Usmani Javeria
Published: September 2023

The postpartum period is characterized by remarkable physiological adaptations to accommodate the demands of childbirth and lactation. These physiological changes, coupled with the unique nutritional needs of both the mother and newborn, can lead to gallbladder stasis and increased cholesterol absorption in the gallbladder. Objective: To assess the correlation between diet consumption and gallbladder changes in females after childbirth. Methods: This observational study was conducted at the department of Gastroenterology, Jinnah Medical and Dental College, Sohail University, Karachi, Pakistan from December 2022 to June 2022. Females of reproductive age who had normal child delivery were evaluated after 6 weeks of delivery. The medical examination, anthropometric measures, nutritional assessment, and laboratory testing were performed in all eligible females. An ultrasonographic was done after a typical fatty food in order to assess gallbladder changes. SPSS version 21.0 was used to do statistically analysis. Results: The mean age was 28.89 ± 4.73 and mean BMI was 22.78 ± 4.09 kg/m2. Of 100 females, 17% had gallbladder stasis, 26% had gallstones, and 17% had sludge. The females with low protein consumption had significantly higher proportion of gallbladder stasis as compared to females with high protein consumption in diet (76.5% vs 23.5%, p=0.001). Furthermore, females with high carbohydrate (61.5% vs 38.5%, p=0.011) and fructose (53.8% vs 46.2%, p=0.037) consumption had significantly higher proportion of gallstones as compared to females with low consumption. Conclusions: High protein consumption was linked to gallbladder stasis, while high carbohydrate and fructose intake were associated with an increased proportion of gallstones.
Association Between Screen Time and Tear Film Stability
Authors: Zahid Mawra , Rehmat Maimoona , Imtiaz Hifza
Published: September 2023

Tear film is a layer that nourishes, lubricates and protects the anterior surface of eye. The usage of electronic gadgets can affect the tear film stability causing ocular dryness. Recently, due to the increased frequency of online educational and leisure activities, there has been reported increase in the prevalence of dry eye among users of electronic gadgets. Objective: To evaluate association between screen time and stability of tear film. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted from January to august 2021 at The University of Lahore. 120 participants aged above 18 years were recruited using nonprobability sampling technique. After taking consent from the participant’s questionnaire was completed, followed by slit lamp examination for evaluation tear film breakup time (TBUT). Results: 120 healthy people of either gender who were at least 18 years old participated in this study, selected through random sampling, informed consent was acquired from all participants. The TBUT test was performed on all subjects, 74 had severe dry eyes, 21 had moderate dry eyes, and just 24 had normal eyes. Each subject's screen time was tracked after the subjects were divided into four groups. The Chi square was used to assess the relationship between screen time and tear film break up time. Results had a p value less than 0.01 and were statistically significant. Conclusions: This study concluded that as the screen time increases it effects the stability of tear film.
Assessing the lean-green practices in the automotive industry: Perspectives from academia and industry
Authors: Hammou Ikram Ait , Oulfarsi Salah , Hebaz Ali , Sahib Eddine Abdelhak
Published: September 2023

Since the emergence of rising environmental issues, firms urgently require a supply chain strategy that will allow them to compete effectively in the marketplace. Implementing lean and green supply chain management strategies have been recommended to achieve sustainability and competitiveness. Yet, there is some ambiguity about how these practices must interact with one another. While lean practices have been around for a while and are widely adopted by businesses, the green movement is still evolving in the supply chains for most industries. This paper aims to identify the most important lean-green practices in supply chain management and their relative importance to firms’ sustainable performance in automotive industry context using Best Worst Method. The results reveal that green related practices are the most important to achieve environmental, economic, and social performance respectively. Whereas most lean practices remain the least important. As mentioned by the results three green practices, namely Environmental Management System (EMS), Green Purchasing (GP), and Reduce, Reuse and Recycle (3R), are the most important, while Small Lot Sizing (SLZ) is the least important lean practice. These practices contribute to the improvement of environmental, economic, and social performance respectively. The findings of this research offer a theoretical and empirical roadmap for decision makers seeking to identify key practices that are most likely to contribute to improving various aspects of sustainable performance in automotive context.
EVALUATION OF ARTEMISININ CONTENT AS AFFECTED BY SOIL AND WATER MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES UNDER GRAVITY-DRIP IRRIGATION SYSTEM I SAMARU, NIGERIA
Authors: ISMAIL Habib , JIGO Faisal , ABUBAKAR Sadiq
Published: September 2023

ABSTRACT
Malaria has been among the dangerous diseases not only in Nigeria but Africa as whole. Artemisia crop has an artemisinin, which is a strong anti- malaria drug. However, despite its importance in curing this disease, it is only produced under rain-fed but hardly produced under irrigation in Nigeria. The experiment consisted of three levels of irrigation water application at 100, 80, and 60% ETo (reference evapotranspiration); two mulch levels (rice straw mulch and no mulch) giving a total number of six treatments, replicated three times, totaling eighteen treatments laid in Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD). The soil moisture was monitored throughout the crop growing season with access tubes installed at different incremental depth of 0-20 cm, 20-40 cm and 40-60 cm below the soil surface. The artemisinin content was determined in the Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria. The artemisinin content obtained ranges from 0.27 % w/w to 1.84 % w/w. The least artemisinin content was obtained from the treatment with irrigation at 60% ETo with no mulch. While the highest value was obtained with irrigation at 100% ETo with rice straw mulch. The artemisinin content of artemisia annua is affected by water stress. Irrigating the crop fully results in higher artemisinin content of artemisia annua followed by 20 % deficit. The least artemisinin content of artemisia annua was obtained at much water stress of 40 %. The study, recommends a full irrigation could be practiced for effective production of artemisia crop under drip irrigation. However, up to 40 % irrigation water deficit could be applied in areas of high water scarcity. Moreover, since rice straw is cost effective, it is recommended for use as mulching material for the cultivation of artemisia crop under irrigation.
Perceptions of 1st-year MBBS students and 1st-year medical faculties toward AETCOM-based medical curriculum
Authors: Verma Abhishek , Shete Shrikant
Published: September 2023

Background: The field of medical education is constantly evolving to meet the demands of an ever-changing health-care landscape. To address the dynamic challenges faced by medical professionals, medical colleges across the globe are adopting innovative and comprehensive approaches to curriculum design. One such approach that has gained significant attention is the attitude, ethics, and communication (AETCOM) based medical curriculum, which emphasizes developing not only clinical knowledge and technical skills but also ethical values, empathetic communication, and a patient-centric approach among medical students.

Aim and Objective: This study aims to record the perceptions of medical students and faculties regarding the effectiveness of AETCOM modules.

Materials and Methods: This is an analytical cross-sectional study performed in October 2022 where a pre-validated questionnaire consisting of components of AETCOM was e-mailed to the 1st-year MBBS students of Jhalawar Medical College and teaching faculties of Jhalawar Medical College through Google Forms. The results were analyzed by statistics is a statistical software suite 23.0 (trail version) and the Chi-square test was used for data analysis and P < 0.05 is considered significant.

Results: About 95% of students have positive perceptions regarding the mandatory inclusion of AETCOM competencies. However, only 73.3% of faculties have positive perceptions regarding the mandatory inclusion of AETCOM competencies and 26.7% completely disagree with the beneficial role of mandatory inclusion of AETCOM competencies in competency-based medical education curriculum.

Conclusions: A hybrid problem-oriented approach is one of the most effective ways for students to promote communication skills, in building doctor-patient relationships and understanding the professional qualities and roles of a physician.