bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Designing Electrocatalytic Mediators and Understanding Site-selectivity for C(sp3)-H Activation Using First-Principles Calculations
Authors: Tanwar Mayank , Kawamata Yu , Baran Phil S. , Neurock Matthew
Published: December 2024

Selective C-H bond activation is one of the most critical molecular transformations in synthesizing chemicals, pharmaceuticals, and natural product intermediates with broad applications. Recent efforts have focused on developing electrocatalytic mediators that rapidly and selectively activate specific C-H bonds. These mediated activations offer multiple benefits over direct electrochemical oxidation as they can occur at lower overpotentials, leading to higher faradaic efficiency and selectivity with reduced solvent oxidation. Our previous work described the development of N-alkyl ammonium ylides as a new class of electro-oxidative mediators. Despite its importance, the underlying principles of designing efficient mediators and understanding their site-selectivity are yet to be fully elucidated. The work discussed herein scrutinized mediator design using density functional theory calculations to highlight the critical features of mediators that govern C(sp3)-H activation. The design of newer mediators is guided by scaling relationships between the thermodynamic descriptors associated with the elementary steps involved in C(sp3)-H activation. We subsequently examine the results from detailed transition state calculations to elucidate the site-selectivity for C(sp3)-H activation for various substrates with quinuclidine and ylide mediators. The results show the critical interplay of thermodynamic, steric, and electronic features of the substrate and mediator that govern the corresponding site-selectivity. Finally, we present unifying trends across multiple substrates and mediators to understand the site-selectivity for mediated electrocatalytic C(sp3)-H activations and push our efforts toward predicting regio-selectivity in the future.
Including physics-informed atomization constraints in neural networks for reactive chemistry
Authors: Zhang Shuhao , Chigaev Michael , Isayev Olexandr , Messerly Richard , Lubbers Nicholas
Published: December 2024

Machine learning interatomic potentials (MLIPs) have emerged as powerful tools for investigating atomistic systems with high accuracy and relatively low computational cost. However, a common challenge with current MLIPs is their limited ability to accurately predict the relative energies of systems containing isolated or nearly isolated atoms, which often appear in various chemical processes. To address this limitation, we present a technique for modifying existing neural network architectures in a minimal way which accounts for the energies of isolated atoms and the atomization energy (AE) of a system. Using this technique, we build a model architecture we call HIP-NN-AE, an enhanced version of the Hierarchically Interacting Particle Neural Network (HIP-NN). Our results demonstrate that the HIP-NN-AE model significantly outperforms the previous HIP-NN model in multiple scenarios involving isolated atoms, such as complete atomization and bond dissociation processes. We also show that this innovation does not compromise the model performance on other tasks, including barrier height and conformational energy variation. The HIP-NN-AE model thus offers a robust solution to the challenges posed by isolated atoms in energy prediction tasks.
Halogen Bond-catalyzed Pictet-Spengler Reaction
Authors: Damrath Mattis , Döring Alessandra , Nachtsheim Boris Johannes
Published: December 2024

We report an efficient halogen bond-catalyzed Pictet-Spengler reaction using diaryliodonium salts as catalysts as a metal-free alternative to traditional acid catalysis. Through systematic optimization, exceptional catalytic activity was achieved with only 0.5 mol-% of a simple dibenzoiodolium with a perfluorinated borate counterion. The protocol demonstrates a broad substrate scope, converting various N-protected tryptamines and diverse carbonyl compounds (aromatic, heteroaromatic, and aliphatic aldehydes) to the corresponding tetrahydro-β-carbolines (THβCs) in up to 98% yield. The reaction versatility was further demonstrated by a successful oxa-variant using tryptophol. Control experiments revealed the crucial role of halogen bonding in promoting both the initial condensation and the final cyclization steps.
Una mirada de la sostenibilidad desde la Ontología del Lenguaje
Authors: Ortiz Leopoldo
Published: December 2024

La propuesta de la ontología del lenguaje de Rafael Echeverría ofrece una perspectiva clave sobre la sostenibilidad al proponer que el lenguaje no solo describe la realidad, sino que también la crea.
Crisis climática: apuntes sobre un planeta en emergencia
Authors: García Blesa Fernando
Published: December 2024

En la presente entrevista, Ronny Fischer, director del Centro de Sostenibilidad de la Universidad de Lima, expone sus perspectivas sobre la crisis climática que atravesamos hoy
Assessing expectations of European house prices
Authors: Kumar Verma Akhilesh , McQuinn Kieran
Published: December 2024

Using a new database of consumers’ expectations, this paper examines the nature of house price forecasts across a select sample of European Union (EU) member states for the period 2020 to 2024. Across many EU countries, post COVID-19, house price increases have been apparent. Therefore, understanding the dynamics of house price movements is especially important at this time. In particular, we examine the rationality or otherwise of consumers’ house price expectations, and then examine the relationship between the expectations and forecasts of key fundamental determinants of house prices, such as interest rates and income levels. In this way we distinguish our work from most other studies of house price forecasts, which have not examined links between house price forecasts themselves and forecasts of the variables typically assumed to be determining prices. This is particularly relevant as oftentimes house price expectations themselves are influenced by changes in market fundamentals.
Estimating Ireland’s labour share
Authors: O'Shea Dónal
Published: December 2024

The labour share of income is a crucial economic indicator that captures income distribution between the factors of production. Its importance as a parameter in macroeconomic models motivates this detailed study of methods for estimating the Irish labour share. International comparisons of the labour share that rely on distorted measures of Irish national income are misleading. Modified gross national income (GNI*) should be used as the denominator for the Irish labour share when conducting international comparisons. The numerator of the labour share is a measure of total compensation for labour, including the labour income of the self-employed. This note evaluates existing methods for imputing the labour income of the self-employed and proposes a new method, which applies a sectoral approach to the common assumption of equal total earnings between employees and the self-employed. Using the proposed method, there is no evidence of a decline in the labour share since 1998.
Pulling Ourselves Together: Embracing Black Feminist Reparative Theory and Pedagogy in “Post-George Floyd” Higher Education
Authors: Jeffries Chasia Elzina , Rowland Mariel , Willoughby-Herard Tiffany
Published: December 2024

This article considers how institutions of higher education participated in the national “racial reckoning” that followed the murder of George Floyd in May 2020. Using the work of Pan-Africanist jurist Motsoko Pheko, memoirist Sisonke Msimang, poet Audre Lorde, and Black queer feminist critics Tiffany Willoughby-Herard and M. Jacqui Alexander, the authors reflect on the principled research practices and ethos that catalyze sustainable repair. Durable forms of repair include reconnecting the feeling body with the knowing self, stillness, and tarrying. The authors (two doctoral students and a professor colleague) also consider repair through attention to the material conditions of knowledge production (collaborative writing, reclaiming the sacred, and questioning what it means to make something whole without reproducing a singular dominating episteme) to disrupt academic hierarchies. Arguing that repairing society, the planet, or the ways that questions are asked and answered requires ongoing wrestling with our current climate of racial terror in higher education, this article embodies the authors’ reparative principles and envisions paths towards educational justice.
Some Bivariate Replacement Policies Under Partial Product Process in an Alternative Repair Model
Authors: Raajpandiyan TR  , Syed Tahir Hussainy  , Rizwan U
Published: December 2024

A common assumption in replacement problems is that the repair of a failed system may yield a functioning system, which may be either as good as new (complete repair) or as old as just prior to failure (partial repair). In this paper, we study the partial product process and replacement model for a deteriorating system under various conditions and a repairable system of an alternative repair model, called the Negligible Or Non-Negligible (NONN) repair times introduced by Thangaraj and Rizwan [2001] to develop a new repair model, some replacement policies (T;N) and (T+;N) with NONN repair times where T is the working age of the system and N is the number of failures of the system and T+ is the system replaced at the first failure point after the cumulative operating time exceeds T are studied. Furthermore, explicit expressions for the long-run average cost of the policies are derived. Optimal replacement policies for the deteriorating systems using partial product process is developed.
On Direct Sum of Four Intuitionistic Fuzzy Graphs
Authors: Geethalakshmi S  , Joshvarajarathinam J  , Iruthayaraj S
Published: December 2024

In this paper, the direct sum GAGBGCGD of four intuitionistic fuzzy graphs (IFGs) GA,GB,GC,GD is defined. The Direct sum of regular,connected and effective IFG are also investigated. The degree of the vertices in GAGBGCGD of the GA,GB,GC,GD IFGs is calculated.
Homomorphisms And Derivations of a Generalized Functional Equation in Various Algebras
Authors: Arunkumar M  , Sathya E  , Divyakumari P
Published: December 2024

In this paper, we investigate the generalized Ulam - Hyers stability of homomorphisms and derivations of a generalized additive functional equation in Banach, Quasi - Banach, C*, Lie C*, Jordan C* Algebras.
The
effects of vertical jump and sprint fatigue on whole-body biomechanics
Authors: Mosier Eric M. , Fry Andrew C. , Nicoll Justin X. , Sontag Stephanie A. , Cabarkapa Dimitrije , Beemer Rhonda C.
Published: December 2024

This study compared the kinetic and kinematic variables measured by a three-dimensional markerless motion capture system (MCS) to identify alterations in lower-extremity performance following vertical jump (VJ) and sprint anaerobic fatiguing tasks. Eleven females (±SD; 20.8±1.1 years, 72.2±7.4 cm, 68.0±7.2 kg) and eleven males (23.0±2.6 years., 180.3±4.8 cm, 80.4±7.3 kg) volunteered to participate in the present investigation. Participants were screened using the Functional Motion Analysis (FMA) protocol, consisting of 19 full-body motions, from which algorithm-derived scores were calculated [i.e. composite, power, functional strength, dysfunction, vulnerability, and exercise readiness score (ERS)] pre- and post-fatiguing tests. Each participant completed one familiarization session and three randomized acute fatiguing protocols [i.e. control, repeated vertical jump test (RVJT), 25-second resisted sprint test]. The repeated measures MANOVA indicated a statistically significant three-way interaction (score x condition x time). Follow-up analyses indicated differences between pre- and post-tests in composite score (1556.43±307.8; 1368.00±264.62), power score (813.34±242.39; 687.32±164.83), and ERS (18.16±4.75; 16.02±3.54) during the RVJT experimental sessions, respectively. The FMA scores suggested decrements in performance are first observed in the decreases in power production during high velocity movements (i.e., RVJTs), and the viability of a MCS to evaluate biomechanical alterations following fatiguing tasks.
Centennial city: the City of Auckland model
Authors: Hill Marguerite
Published: December 2024

Auckland Council is lucky to care for the surviving portion of a city model made for the New Zealand Centennial Exhibition in 1940. The model represents a section of Auckland central, covering the area from Albert Park to Nelson Street, and Waitematā Harbour to what is now Aotea Square. The model was displayed in Dominion Court, one of a dozen models which represented New Zealand's main cities and towns. Fletchersʹ architects Ronald Muston and Lewis Walker were responsible for the design of Dominion Court and the interpretive models and dioramas within. Muston had a special interest in the models and even travelled to Hollywood to learn about current trends in movie model design and advertising techniques.
The ingenuity of the model makers included ships that ʺsailedʺ on the harbours, faux glow worms in the papier mâché Waitomo Caves, and a model of Aoraki/Mount Cook which was over 7.5m high. Thousands of wooden model buildings were made and hand‐painted by artists and technical college students and were based on aerial and street‐level photographs and specific colour palettes for each city. The model came to Auckland City Council after the exhibition closed and has been displayed inside and outside of council. It was recently conserved and is once again on public display.
Impact of Shari’ah and Corporate Governance on Islamic Banks Performance: Evidence from Pakistan
Authors: Rani Asia , Bibi Samina , Gilani Syed  Burhan , Shahid Junaid
Published: December 2024

Purpose: The objective of this paper is to examine the effect of Shari’ah and corporate governance on the performance of the Islamic banks in Pakistan.
Design/methodology/approach: This research uses a hand-gathered data on Shari’ah and corporate governance of the major Islamic banks in Pakistan for the period of 2018 to 2023. The selection of index uses the Islamic Corporate Governance (ICG) where various necessary attributes of Shari’ah board (SB) is considered. By way of data analysis, basic measures such as mean, mode, and standard deviation used, as well as correlation coefficient and panel REM regression.
Findings: The conclusion of the study establishes that Shari’ah governance factors especially the functioning of Shari’ah boards have bigger impact toward financial performance of Islamic banks than corporate governance factors. Further, capital adequacy has a positive effect (Equity to Total Assets, EQTA) on the performance but loan provision has a negative effect on the performance (Net Loans to Total Assets, NLTA). Preposterously, Shari’ah Board Education (SBE) takes negative signs, stating that excessive education on the Shari’ah board may cause such board to make extra conservative decisions no longer brought about by way of profitability but through compliance.
Research limitations/implications: Strong, autonomous Shari’ah boards positioned to focus solely on the supervisory contexts can improve stakeholder confidence and performance of Islamic banks. The results presented in this study can be beneficial for Pakistan’s policymakers and those authorities that regulate IFIs.
Originality/value: This research enhances the stock of knowledge on Shari’ah governance, corporate governance and their effects on financial performance in the context of Pakistan’s Islamic banking sector.
Struktur Lagu Sunua dalam Tradisi Musik Gandang Tambua di Desa Pasir Sunur, Pariaman
Authors: Yubbi Al , Desmawardi Desmawardi , Ediwar Ediwar
Published: December 2024

Penelitian ini mengkaji bentuk dan struktur lagu Sunua dalam musik tradisi Gandang Tambua oleh kelompok seni di Desa Pasir Sunur, Kecamatan Pariaman Selatan, Kota Pariaman. Menggunakan metode kualitatif deskriptif, penelitian ini menganalisis struktur lagu Sunua yang terdiri dari tiga bagian utama: Pangka Matam, Maatam Panjang, dan Ikua Matam. Lagu Sunua, terinspirasi dari alam, khususnya "Endek Ambacang," memiliki karakteristik unik yang membedakannya dari lagu-lagu Gandang Tambua lainnya. Struktur musik yang interlocking dan dinamis menjadikan lagu ini sebagai kebanggaan masyarakat setempat, sering dimainkan dalam berbagai acara seperti arak-arakan penganten dan penyambutan tamu. Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa lagu Sunua tidak hanya berfungsi sebagai hiburan, tetapi juga sebagai simbol identitas budaya Desa Pasir Sunur. Selain itu, lagu ini juga merepresentasikan adat istiadat dan nilai-nilai budaya yang hidup di tengah masyarakat. Dengan demikian, pelestarian lagu Sunua menjadi penting untuk menjaga warisan budaya lokal.
КОМПЛЕКСУВАННЯ ВИМІРЮВАНЬ В БОРТОВОМУ РАДІОПЕЛЕНГАТОРІ, ЩО ВХОДИТЬ ДО СКЛАДУ СИСТЕМИ АВТОНОМНОЇ НАВІГАЦІЇ БПЛА
Authors: Tserne E. , Zhyla C. , Popov A. , Volkov Ye. , Shevchuk S. , Hrybskyi O. , Vlasenko D. , Kosharskyi V. , Kovalchuk D.
Published: December 2024

Стаття присвячена розробленню методу функціонування недорогого, простого за реалізацією, але водночас високоточного бортового радіопеленгатора, що визначає кутове положення джерел радіовипромінювання для подальшої автономної навігації БПЛА. Метою статті є створення високоточного методу комплексування вимірювань в бортовому радіопеленгаторі, розташованого на крилатих БПЛА з автономним наведенням, надання практичних рекомендацій з його алгоритмічної реалізації та проведення апробації основних операцій обробки сигналів методами імітаційного моделювання. Завдання дослідження включають: 1) аналіз статистичної теорії оптимізації алгоритмів обробки сигналів у радіовимірювальних системах; 2) розробку алгоритмів пеленгації джерел радіовипромінювання, здатних забезпечувати високу точність у широкому діапазоні кутів спостереження; 3) синтез структурної схеми радіопеленгатора; 4) імітаційне моделювання основних алгоритмічних операцій та оцінка точності вимірювання кутового положення. Отриманий результат: підтверджено теоретичні розробки методу, що за рахунок комплексування вимірювань з двоантенного амплітудного пеленгатора з вузькими діаграмами, двоантенного пеленгатора з широкими діаграмами і двоантенного фазового пеленгатора здатен подолати протиріччя між високою точністю і широким діапазоном однозначних вимірювань. Галузь застосування: отримані результати є теоретичним підґрунтям для подальших експериментальних розробок радіопеленгаторів різного призначення, розкривають теоретичні основи синтезу методів комплексування вимірювань в радіосистемах різного призначення, а також сприяють підвищенню автономності польотів крилатих БПЛА.
МЕТОДИ ЗБОРУ ІНФОРМАЦІЇ ТА РЕАЛІЗАЦІЇ АЛГОРИТМУ ДОПОВНЮВАЛЬНИХ НАВАНТАЖЕНЬ
Authors: Dmytrenko О. , Skulysh M.
Published: December 2024

У статті розглядається проблема ефективного використання ресурсів у хмарних обчислювальних середовищах, що стає дедалі актуальнішою через зростання попиту на обчислювальні потужності. Представлений алгоритм оптимізації розподілу навантаження створеного мікросервісами та монолітами на серверні вузли, спрямований на максимізацію використання доступних ресурсів. Стаття зосереджена на описані технологій, які допоможуть повторити алгоритм локально з метою його тестування для власних потреб. Порівнюються методи збору метрик, а також середовища, у яких можна впровадити цей алгоритм. Особливу увагу приділено Kubernetes і можливості застосування різних механізмів розподілу мікросервісів, таких як Node Affinity, Pod Affinity/Anti-Affinity, а також власні планувальники (Custom Schedulers). Для проактивного масштабування включаючи "гарячий розігрів" вузлів запропоновано використання Horizontal Pod Autoscaler з використанням метрик роботи елементів системи.
EVOLUTION AND DISTRIBUTION ANALYSIS OF MULTIMODAL ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE SYSTEMS
Authors: Kapiton A. , Tyshсhenko D. , Desiatko A. , Lazorenko V.
Published: December 2024

The article considers the main aspects of evolution and performs a thorough analysis of the stages of formation of multimodal artificial intelligence systems (AIS). It was determined that in modern realities, artificial intelligence has undergone a transformational shift towards embracing multimodality in large language models. Modern approaches and ways of improving large language models by means of processing and generating a large amount of data are analyzed. The stages of transformation of artificial intelligence in the direction of multimodality of innovative development in large language models have been studied. The issue of verification and interaction of information systems with the surrounding world is considered. It was determined that they are inherently multimodal, multicomponent. Ways of improving large language models with the help of the ability to process and generate different data modalities are analyzed. It has been investigated that modern multimodal artificial intelligence systems are effectively used in various fields of science, education, and economics and require further development and improvement. It was determined that due to the rapid development of information technologies and systems in various spectrums of life, AI is experiencing a rapid modification, where generative models, which are becoming more and more perfect, deserve special attention. An overview of the architecture of the AnyGPT model is performed, where modalities are tokenized into discrete tokens, on the basis of which LLM performs multimodal perception and generation in autoregression. The methodology underlying AnyGPT was found to be multi-component, with the model demonstrating capabilities on par with specialized models in all assessment modalities tested. It has been established that tools designed to detect objects generated by artificial intelligence are in a state of development and are constantly being modified.
ТЕХНОЛОГІЯ ВЗАЄМОДІЇ МІЖ ВУЗЛАМИ ГРАНИЧНОГО ШАРУ ІНТЕРНЕТУ РЕЧЕЙ
Authors: Kozhevnikov H. , Markevych M. , Matyash O.
Published: December 2024

Актуальність. Все більшу популярність у різних галузях на сьогодні отримають системи Інтернету речей (ІоТ). Для обробки інформаційних потоків, що надходять з великої кількості кінцевих датчиків застосовується хмарна технологія. Але при надходженні до хмари оперативних транзакцій недотримаються вимоги QoS. Вирішенню даної проблеми сприяло появлення на граничному шарі Інтернету речей одноплатних комп’ютерів, Мета статті – вибір технології взаємодії між вузлами граничного шару Інтернету речей, яка орієнтована на обмежені обчислювальні ресурси вузлів, що наближені до датчиків ІоТ. Результати дослідження. Проведений аналіз характеристики існуючих технологій взаємодії обчислювальних вузлів нижнього шару Інтернету речей, виділені переваги та недоліки кожної технології. В результаті в якості базової обрано технологію віддаленого виклику процедур. Проведено моделювання процесу призначення завдань на нижньому шарі Інтернету речей з використанням обраної технології. Висновок. Запропонований підхід до організації взаємодії обчислювальних вузлів нижнього шару Інтернету речей з використанням технології віддаленого виклику процедур дозволив виконати вимоги QoS до оперативних транзакцій ІоТ.
МОЖЛИВОСТІ ЗАБЕЗПЕЧЕННЯ ЗАДАНОЇ ЗАВАДОЗАХИЩЕНОСТІ СИСТЕМ РАДІОЗВ’ЯЗКУ ТА РАДІОЛОКАЦІЇ В РЕАЛЬНИХ УМОВАХ РОЗПОВСЮДЖЕННЯ РАДІОХВИЛЬ
Authors: Kuznietsov O. , Vasylyshyn V. , Kolomiitsev О. , Bolbas Y.
Published: December 2024

Системи радіозв’язку та радіолокації функціонують в умовах впливу тропосферних неоднорідностей та підстильної поверхні, що є причиною виникнення флуктуацій фазового фронту електромагнітних хвиль. Зокрема, флуктуації фронту завадових хвиль призводять до зниження завадозахищеності даних систем. Предметом вивчення в статті є вплив флуктуацій фазового фронту хвилі активної маскувальної завади на ефективність її подавлення в системах радіозв’язку та радіолокації. Метою статті є оцінювання можливостей систем радіозв’язку та радіолокації щодо забезпечення заданої завадозахищеності в реальних умовах розповсюдження радіохвиль. Завданням є дослідження залежності ефективності подавлення активної завади від напрямку її приходу при різних розмірах та рознесеннях фазових центрів антен систем радіозв’язку та радіолокації, а також визначення пропозиції щодо її підвищення. В ході розв’язання вказаного завдання доведено перспективність використання в системах радіозв’язку та радіолокації у якості антенних систем адаптивних цифрових антенних решіток. За допомогою методів математичної статистики оцінено ступінь впливу флуктуацій фазового фронту активної завади в залежності від їх статистичних характеристик, що відповідають реальним умовам розповсюдження радіохвиль. Проаналізовано залежність коефіцієнта подавлення активної завади від ступеня впливу фазових флуктуацій в елементах приймальної апертури при фіксованих значеннях відхилень кута приходу завади від напрямку максимуму бічної пелюстки діаграми спрямованості антени. Проведено оцінювання вказаного коефіцієнта від розмірів та рознесення фазових центрів основної та допоміжної антен радіотехнічної системи. Визначено умови найкращого подавлення активної завади в системах радіозв’язку та радіолокації. Перспективним напрямком подальших досліджень може бути застосування отриманих результатів стосовно забезпечення заданої завадозахищеності вказаних систем в умовах впливу комбінованих активно-пасивних завад.
Improvisational practice: engaging neurodivergent young people with addiction and mental health problems
Authors: Murray Denis Dominic
Published: December 2024

Issues and trends in relation to substance misuse, normally develop in the transitional phase of adolescence, as young people begin looking to their peers for connection and simultaneously question the values/attitudes of their parents and other non-parental adults. Risk factors are predictors of the likelihood that an individual or group may become involved in activity leading to adverse consequences. In relation to substance misuse, it is recognised that risk and protective factors exist in equal measure within different context including within the individual, family, peer group, community and school settings. Research indicates that young people, who are neurodivergent, are at increased risk of developing problems in relation to substance use, due to their sense of otherness and potential inability to read social cues, combined with a strong desire to fit in.
From Photon to Neuron: Light, Imaging, Vision
Authors: Jafri Mishkat Ali , Ulfat Intikhab
Published: December 2024

We present a book review of "From Photon to Neuron: Light, Imaging, Vision" by Philip Nelson. The book offers a remarkable journey at the intersection of physics and biology, authored by a distinguished professor of physics at the University of Pennsylvania. With a focus on fundamental concepts of light, imaging, and vision, the book caters to a diverse audience, from undergraduates to advanced researchers. Organized into three parts, it explores topics such as direct image formation, visual perception mechanisms, and advanced quantum behaviors of electrons and photons. While the book excels in its interdisciplinary approach and practical learning emphasis, potential areas for improvement include enhancing accessibility for readers without a background in quantum physics and adapting content to diverse audiences. "From Photon to Neuron" stands as a pioneering masterpiece that educates and empowers students with essential skills for navigating the complex realms of physics and biology.
Understanding Multispecies Biofilm development on Dental Prostheses and its impact on Systemic Health: A Preliminary Investigation.
Authors: Kazmi Syed Ali Danish , Rimsha  , Khan Fouzia Zeeshan , Jabeen Bushra , Abbas Tanveer , Mirani Zulfiqar Ali
Published: December 2024

Background: Dental health is intricately linked to overall systemic well-being, with microbial imbalances in the oral cavity often associated with systemic disorders. Multispecies biofilm development on dental prostheses is a potential reservoir for pathogenic microorganisms, exacerbating oral health complications in individuals with systemic conditions. The study aimed to investigate the correlation between multispecies biofilm development on dental prostheses and systemic disorders, including diabetes, hypertension, cardiovascular diseases (CVD), and anxiety, using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis.
Methodology: A cohort of 55 patients participated in the study, allowing for comprehensive isolation of dental prostheses followed by microbial analysis.
Results: Our findings revealed a heightened microbial presence in diabetic patients, with notable percentages in Aerobic Plate Count (APC) (80%) and Yeast Count (YC) (73%). However, correlation analysis indicated a weak association between microbial presence and diabetes. Notably, diabetic patients exhibited dominance in microbial species, including Candida (69.4%), Streptococcus (S) (68%), Mutans (70.2%), Staphylococcus (70.8%), Actinomyces (68.1%), and Pseudomonas (P) aeruginosa (74%). Hypertensive patients displayed a moderate microbial presence (APC: 12%, YC: 9.70%), with varied percentages for different microbes, correlating negatively with hypertension. Conversely, anxiety patients exhibited a modest microbial presence (APC: 4.46%, YC: 3.70%) with a negative correlation. Furthermore, cardiovascular patients demonstrated minimal microbial colonization (APC: 0.17%, absent yeast) with varying percentages for different microbes. SEM analysis of biofilms unveiled dense structures on prosthesis surfaces, comprising cocci, coccobacilli, and bacilli-shaped bacteria.
Conclusion: This research significantly advances our understanding of the microbial landscape associated with diverse health conditions, providing valuable insights for developing targeted interventions in oral health management.
Assessing neonatal complications of intrauterine growth restriction; A one-week assessment at the National Institute of Child Health, Karachi.
Authors: Ahmed Naseem , Amanullah  , Iqbal Javaid , Ali Irfan , Hussain Ehtisham , Ahmed Fayaz
Published: December 2024

Background: Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) is characterized by fetal growth below the expected rate for a given infant's potential due to genetic or environmental factors. Neonates with IUGR are at risk for various short-term and long-term complications, which can lead to increased mortality and morbidity. Preterm IUGR affects approximately 7% to 9% of newborns, and it is associated with 50% of unexplained stillbirths. This study aimed to determine the frequency of complications associated with IUGR within one week of birth among neonates admitted to the National Institute of Child Health (NICH) neonatal department in Karachi, Pakistan.
Methodology: This study was conducted at NICH Karachi, Pakistan. Neonates diagnosed with IUGR were included after obtaining informed consent. Outcomes, including complications such as hypocalcemia, hypothermia, sepsis, jaundice, persistent pulmonary hypertension, and hypoglycemia, were systematically assessed.
Results: The mean age of neonates was 4.9 ± 1.3 days. Among the 191 neonates studied, 61.3% were male and 38.7% were female. Complications observed included hypocalcemia (8.3%), hypothermia (5.2%), sepsis (15.2%), jaundice (23.6%), hypoglycemia (6.2%), and persistent pulmonary hypertension (10.6%). Notably, 30.9% of the neonates exhibited no complications.
Conclusion: Jaundice was identified as the most common complication of IUGR, followed by sepsis and persistent pulmonary hypertension. These findings underscore the need for further research to explore the risk factors associated with IUGR complications and to develop strategies for early detection and management to improve neonatal outcomes.
Visual and anatomical outcomes of pars plana vitrectomy for dropped intraocular lens: A Retrospective Study.
Authors: Khaqan Hussain Ahmad , Naz Raheela , Ur Rehman Hafiz Ateeq , Hassan Laraib , Akram Nabeel , Farooqui Hafiz Mubashir , Fauzan Ahmad , Khan Asad Mahmood , Asif Muhammad Iqbal , Maheshwary Neeta , Ahmed Arjumand , Khan Muhammad Athar
Published: December 2024

Background: Intraocular lens (IOL) dislocation is a serious cataract surgery complication that can cause significant visual impairment, often necessitating surgical intervention. Pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) has become the preferred method for treating dislocated IOLs, effectively managing both the lens and related vitreous issues. This study aims to assess the visual and anatomical outcomes of PPV in patients who experienced IOL dislocation following complicated phacoemulsification (PE).
Methodology: A retrospective analysis was conducted at the Ophthalmology Department of Lahore General Hospital. The study included 51 patients (33 males, 18 females) aged 35 to 85 years who were referred after experiencing IOL dislocation post-complicated PE. Data were collected on the interval between PE and PPV, preoperative and postoperative visual acuity (VA), and complications. All patients underwent 23-gauge PPV, involving the removal and re-implantation of the IOL.
Results: The average interval between cataract surgery and PPV was 14 days. All patients presented with aphakia and preoperative visual acuity at the counting finger (CF) level. PPV was successfully performed in all cases, with the dislocated IOL being completely freed from any residual vitreous adhesions. Postoperatively, 38 patients (74.51%) achieved a final best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) between 20/20 and 20/50, while 12 patients (23.53%) attained BCVA ranging from 20/60 to 20/200. Visual acuity remained unchanged in 1 patient (1.96%) due to bullous keratopathy following anterior chamber (AC) IOL implantation.
Conclusion: Pars plana vitrectomy for the removal of a dislocated IOL following complicated phacoemulsification yields excellent visual and anatomical outcomes with a low incidence of postoperative complications.
Comparative effects of liraglutide doses with and without exercise on glycemic control and lipid profiles: A Randomized Controlled Trial.
Authors: Uzma Dost Muhammad Rajar  , Shaikh Irfan , Qazi Sumayya , Kazi Navaid , Nizamani Yar Muhammad , Kazi Sadia , Asif Muhammad Iqbal , Maheshwary Neeta , Ahmed Arjumand
Published: December 2024

Background: Liraglutide, a GLP-1 receptor agonist, is widely used to manage type 2 diabetes and obesity, showing potential benefits in improving glycemic control and lipid profiles, yet its effects across different doses and combined with exercise remain underexplored. This study seeks to determine the effects of three different doses of liraglutide, both with and without exercise, on blood glucose levels and lipid profiles in individuals with varying degrees of diabetes and metabolic risk.
Methodology: This three-arm randomized controlled trial at Isra University Hospital, Hyderabad, assessed the effects of varying doses of Liraglutide (Saxenda) on Glycated Hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels and lipid profiles over six months. Sixty participants aged 20-60 were randomly assigned to receive different doses of Liraglutide, with or without an exercise regimen.
Results: In Group A, Subgroup (i) exhibited a non-significant reduction in HbA1c from 4.85±1.35 to 4.77±1.2 after six months (p>0.05). However, Subgroup (ii) showed a significant reduction (p<0.05) in HbA1c levels after six months. Similarly, Groups B and C also demonstrated significant reductions in HbA1c after three months of intervention, with continued improvements over six months.
Conclusion: Liraglutide demonstrates significant potential as a therapeutic option for improving both glycemic control and lipid profiles. The study suggests that liraglutide has cardiovascular protective effects that extend beyond the reduction of LDL-C, highlighting its broader clinical benefits.
Assessment of injection safety practices among anesthesiologists in tertiary care hospitals in Karachi
Authors: Kumar Ajeet , Ur Rehman Adeel , Aziz Tarique , Naeem Kashif , Wanwari Mahendar , Kumar Harmit
Published: December 2024

Background: Injections play a critical role in the medical management of patients, particularly those with severe health conditions, across hospitals and healthcare institutions. However, ensuring adherence to proper injection safety protocols is essential to prevent avoidable medical errors and infections. The objective of this study was to evaluate the compliance with injection safety protocols among anesthesiologists working in tertiary care institutions in Karachi.
Methodology: A cross-sectional study was conducted in tertiary care hospitals in Karachi between November 2021 and April 2022, with a study duration of six months. A total of 200 anesthesiologists participated in the study. Data were collected through a pre-designed questionnaire, which was completed by the participants. All responses were kept confidential to ensure anonymity. The study aimed to assess adherence to injection safety protocols among anesthesiologists working in these institutions.
Results: Among the 200 anesthesiologists surveyed, 18.5% were found to engage in malpractice regarding injection safety practices, while the remaining 81.5% adhered to acceptable injection safety protocols. Statistical analyses were performed to explore the relationship between age, years of experience, and other demographic factors, revealing no significant differences between those following acceptable practices and those engaging in malpractice.
Conclusion: The study concludes that enhancing awareness and providing training on injection safety for healthcare professionals can significantly improve compliance and reduce the incidence of needle-stick injuries. It is recommended that regular training sessions and updated safety protocols be implemented in all healthcare facilities to further minimize the risks associated with unsafe injection practices.
Prevalence of benign prostatic hyperplasia among obese patients at a tertiary care hospital in Karachi.
Authors: Seerat Ul Uroos  , Waqas Memon  , Sumaiya Noor  , Zubda Malik  , Muhammad Rashid  , Ali Khowaja
Published: December 2024

Background: Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is a prevalent condition in older men, marked by the noncancerous enlargement of the prostate gland. Obesity and various lifestyle factors have been linked to an increased risk of developing BPH, though the exact relationship remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the frequency of BPH in obese patients and explore the potential association between obesity and BPH, alongside other factors such as smoking, hypertension, and age.
Methodology: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 182 male patients aged 45–85 years diagnosed with BPH at the Urology Outpatient Department of a tertiary care hospital between January and February 2024. Body mass index (BMI) was calculated from patients’ height and weight, and all patients underwent transabdominal ultrasound to confirm BPH. Additional demographic and clinical data, including smoking status, hypertension, and diabetes, were recorded.
Results: The mean age of participants was 64.45±2.95 years, with all patients classified as obese (Class 1: 33%, Class 2: 33%, Class 3: 34.1%). The majority (72.5%) of participants had BPH, while none were diabetic, 47.8% were hypertensive, and 34.7% were smokers. Statistical analysis revealed no significant association between BPH and obesity (P-value=0.06), smoking (P-value=0.42), hypertension (P-value=0.13), or age (P-value=0.64).
Conclusion: This study found no significant association between BPH and obesity, despite the high prevalence of BPH in the obese population. Further longitudinal research is warranted to examine whether targeted obesity management could meaningfully impact BPH progression and treatment outcomes.
Factors Influencing Purchase Interest in LOCKNLOCK Products
Authors: Nazar Muhammad , Siregar Widyana Verawaty , Bachri Naufal , Heriyana
Published: December 2024

This study analyzes the factors that affect the buying interest in LocknLock products, especially from the perspective of consumer value who care about the environment and attitudes towards products. This study uses a quantitative method with a purposive sampling technique. The sample consisted of 120 respondents who were consumers in Lhokseumawe City who had never bought or used environmentally friendly products. The sample was selected to represent potential consumers for eco-friendly products, such as LocknLock products. The findings showed that the variables of attitude on products had a positive and significant effect on buying interest, while the variables of altruism, innovation, environmentally friendly consumer values, and perception of communication behavior did not have a significant effect on bell interest. These results underscore the importance of increasing certain factors to increase buying interest. The study provides a new perspective with a focus on consumers in Lhokseumawe, which is different from previous research in Germany. In addition, this study shows that attitudes towards products have a more significant influence than other factors such as altruism, innovation, environmentally friendly consumer values, and perception of communication behaviors that were previously considered important in many studies. This research provides practical benefits for companies by helping them understand the importance of increasing consumers' positive attitudes towards eco-friendly products to encourage buying interest. This research also helps companies in designing more effective communication strategies to increase buying interest.
VIRTUAL MEETINGS UNDER ATTACK: ASSESSING THE LEGAL AND SECURITY RISKS OF ZOOM BOMBING IN THE DIGITAL ERA
Authors: Ranjan Radha , Meena Bheem Singh , Anand Shyam Kumar
Published: December 2024

One example of unforeseen vulnerabilities brought about by the development in virtual meetings as a result of digital era demands is the rise in Zoom bombing attacks. This abstract investigates the security and legal implications of zoom bombing, or the disruptive and unwelcome entry into virtual meetings. We investigate the causes of Zoom bombing and how it affects individuals, organisations, and the broader digital economy. Our study considers both the evolving security measures put in place to counter these assaults and the legal challenges posed by their multinational character. By breaking down these dangers, we highlight the significance of a comprehensive approach to develop virtual meeting places and defend the integrity of digital interactions.
Antimicrobial Activity Test of Methanol Extract of Haliclona sp. from Sibolga Waters
Authors: Mashitah Ulfa , Suryanto Dwi , Nurtjahja Kiki
Published: December 2024

Haliclona sp. is a genus of demosponges in the family Chalinidae. Demospongiae are a type of sponge that lives in marine environments and is known for its unique, often branching skeletal structure. The use of antibiotics has led to the selection of pathogenic microorganisms in humans that are more resistant to many types of drugs, resulting in poorer treatment outcomes in cases of infection. Bacteria can become resistant to antibiotics due to improper dosing, inaccurate diagnosis, and inappropriate use of antibiotics against the causative bacteria. This study aims to determine the antimicrobial activity of the methanol extract of Haliclona sp. as an inhibitor of pathogenic microbes. This research employs a descriptive method with antagonistic testing. The results of the methanol extraction process of the symbiotic bacteria in Haliclona sp. produced a thick, dark brown extract. The results of the antagonistic test showed that the clear zones formed on the three test microbes were categorized as strong.
Development of Prezi Media Based on Problem-Based Learning (PBL) Model in Natural and Social Science Subjects in Class IV Elementary School
Authors: Pratama Arga , Setyasto Novi
Published: December 2024

The basic problem in the subjects of Natural and Social Sciences is the element of social understanding, namely the use of learning media and the planning and application of learning models that are not optimal, so student learning outcomes are not good. The purpose of this research is to develop Prezi media based on the Problem-Based Learning (PBL) model in the subject of Natural and Social Sciences in class IV of elementary school. Research and Development (R&D) with the Borg and Gall model is the type of this research. The tests used are t test and N-Gain test. The results of media validation by media experts and material experts amounted to 91.25% and 88.90% with a very feasible category. The significance value shows 0.00 and the N-Gain score obtained is 0.44 so it can be said that the increase in student learning outcomes classified as moderate. This study concludes that Prezi media based on the Problem-Based Learning (PBL) model in Natural and Social Sciences subjects in class IV elementary school is very feasible and can improve student learning outcomes.
Land Vulnerability Analysis for Determining Land Rehabilitation Directions for Soil Conservation in Conservation District: Case Study of Tamansari District, Boyolali Regency
Authors: Anggana Alvian Febry , Savitri Endang , Cahyono S. Andy , Adi Rahardyan Nugroho , Putra Pamungkas Buana , N. R. P Mahardhika , Zakaria Rama , Afandi Muslim
Published: December 2024

Land vulnerability is a condition where a land is sensitive to environmental changes or human pressure. This certainly affects the productivity, quality, and sustainability of the land to recover from the impacts that may occur due to land changes. This problem certainly has a direct or indirect effect on the socio-economic life of the community. The purpose of this study is to map and recommend directions for Land Rehabilitation and Soil Conservation (RLKT) in Tamansari District, which in its development is in the Klaten Regency area, Subdas Pusur DS. The analysis method uses overlay of erosion land vulnerability, flood vulnerability, land cover, and land use capability. The results of the study indicate that the area of vulnerable land that needs to be RLKT is 4,375.7 ha covering 10 villages. The largest village that needs to be RLKT is Jemowo Village (668.9 ha) and Mriyan Village (644.7 ha). Land Rehabilitation and Soil Conservation Directions in the form of Reforestation with vegetation, cover crops, compost, reservoirs, rorak, terrace reinforcement, ridges, SPA, infiltration wells. The RLKT Direction is expected to be able to control land vulnerability to erosion, land vulnerability to flooding and water management so that it is expected to be able to improve the welfare of the community in the Tamansari District area.
HARMONI Profile: Examining Levels and Predictors of Student Well-Being in Indonesia
Authors: Miryam Wedyaswari  , Hery Susanto  , Karolina Lamtiur Dalimunthe
Published: December 2024

The HARMONI provides a multicomponent approach to measure Indonesia student well-being adapted from the PROSPER framework. We used the measure to describe the overall well-being and the seven components of HARMONI: outcomes, resilience, relationships, purpose, positivity, strengths, and engagement. A cross-sectional study was conducted with socio-demographic and school characteristics as predictors of student well-being. A total of 1579 students from 511 senior high schools completed an online survey. We found that overall well-being based on the HARMONI profile was positive (M=3.92; SD=0.53), with all components showing a trend of optimal well-being. Student well-being is significantly predicted by gender, school area, and school type but not associated with parent income, parent education, grade level, and student major (R2model 1 = .0299). The effect of gender and school type varies by grade level (R2model 2 = .0342;R2model 3 = .0347). The HARMONI can be used not only for measuring well-being but also as a structure for character education. The findings suggest that designing HARMONI-based character education needs to accommodate gender differences, grade levels, school areas, and school types.