bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Enhancing brain metastasis prediction in non-small cell lung cancer: a deep learning-based segmentation and CT radiomics-based ensemble learning model
Authors: Gong Jing , Wang Ting , Wang Zezhou , Chu Xiao , Hu Tingdan , Li Menglei , Peng Weijun , Feng Feng , Tong Tong , Gu Yajia
Published: January 2024

Background

Brain metastasis (BM) is most common in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients. This study aims to enhance BM risk prediction within three years for advanced NSCLC patients by using a deep learning-based segmentation and computed tomography (CT) radiomics-based ensemble learning model.

Methods

This retrospective study included 602 stage IIIA-IVB NSCLC patients, 309 BM patients and 293 non-BM patients, from two centers. Patients were divided into a training cohort (N = 376), an internal validation cohort (N = 161) and an external validation cohort (N = 65). Lung tumors were first segmented by using a three-dimensional (3D) deep residual U-Net network. Then, a total of 1106 radiomics features were computed by using pretreatment lung CT images to decode the imaging phenotypes of primary lung cancer. To reduce the dimensionality of the radiomics features, recursive feature elimination configured with the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regularization method was applied to select the optimal image features after removing the low-variance features. An ensemble learning algorithm of the extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost) classifier was used to train and build a prediction model by fusing radiomics features and clinical features. Finally, Kaplan‒Meier (KM) survival analysis was used to evaluate the prognostic value of the prediction score generated by the radiomics–clinical model.

Results

The fused model achieved area under the receiver operating characteristic curve values of 0.91 ± 0.01, 0.89 ± 0.02 and 0.85 ± 0.05 on the training and two validation cohorts, respectively. Through KM survival analysis, the risk score generated by our model achieved a significant prognostic value for BM-free survival (BMFS) and overall survival (OS) in the two cohorts (P < 0.05).

Conclusions

Our results demonstrated that (1) the fusion of radiomics and clinical features can improve the prediction performance in predicting BM risk, (2) the radiomics model generates higher performance than the clinical model, and (3) the radiomics-clinical fusion model has prognostic value in predicting the BMFS and OS of NSCLC patients.
Beyond invasive biopsies: using VASARI MRI features to predict grade and molecular parameters in gliomas
Authors: Setyawan Nurhuda Hendra , Choridah Lina , Nugroho Hanung Adi , Malueka Rusdy Ghazali , Dwianingsih Ery Kus
Published: January 2024

Background

Gliomas present a significant economic burden and patient management challenge. The 2021 WHO classification incorporates molecular parameters, which guide treatment decisions. However, acquiring these molecular data involves invasive biopsies, prompting a need for non-invasive diagnostic methods. This study aims to assess the potential of Visually AcceSAble Rembrandt Images (VASARI) MRI features to predict glioma characteristics such as grade, IDH mutation, and MGMT methylation status.

Methods

This study enrolled 107 glioma patients treated between 2017 and 2022, meeting specific criteria including the absence of prior chemotherapy/radiation therapy, and the presence of molecular and MRI data. Images were assessed using the 27 VASARI MRI features by two blinded radiologists. Pathological and molecular assessments were conducted according to WHO 2021 CNS Tumor classification. Cross-validation Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator (CV-LASSO) logistic regression was applied for statistical analysis to identify significant VASARI features in determining glioma grade, IDH mutation, and MGMT methylation status.

Results

The study demonstrated substantial observer agreement in VASARI feature evaluation (inter- and intra-observer κ = 0.714 - 0.831 and 0.910, respectively). Patient imaging characteristics varied significantly with glioma grade, IDH mutation, and MGMT methylation. A predictive model was established using VASARI features for glioma grade prediction, exhibiting an AUC of 0.995 (95% CI = 0.986 – 0.998), 100% sensitivity, and 92.86% specificity. IDH mutation status was predicted with AUC 0.930 (95% CI = 0.882 - 0.977), and improved slightly to 0.933 with 'age-at-diagnosis' added. A model predicting MGMT methylation had a satisfactory performance (AUC 0.757, 95% CI = 0.645 - 0.868), improving to 0.791 when 'age-at-diagnosis' was added.

Conclusions

The T1/FLAIR ratio, enhancement quality, hemorrhage, and proportion enhancing predict glioma grade with excellent accuracy. The proportion enhancing, thickness of enhancing margin, and T1/FLAIR ratio are significant predictors for IDH mutation status. Lastly, MGMT methylation is related to the longest diameter of the lesion, edema crossing the midline, and the proportion of the non-enhancing lesion. VASARI MRI features offer non-invasive and accurate predictive models for glioma grade, IDH mutation, and MGMT methylation status, enhancing glioma patient management.
A novel strategy of combining abdominal surgery and endoscopy for the quick hemostasis of acute duodenal ulcer bleeding: a case report
Authors: Luo Bixian , Liu Han , Gong Weihua
Published: January 2024

Background

Uncontrolled ulcer bleeding of duodenal ulcer (DU) after endoscopic therapy often needs surgery. At present, cutting the bottom of the ulcer with ligation and performing its excision-lesion are the common ways to achieve immediate efficacy in stopping bleeding. For the problem of its great trauma, we seek an easy and useful technical method to reach the same therapeutic effect to stop acute bleeding.

Methods

We determined the distribution of the lesion and its innervated blood vessels under the guidance of the endoscopy and then performed suture and hemostasis on the external surface of the stomach and duodenum.

Results

An immediate efficacy in stopping bleeding was shown and the hemoglobin (Hb) level returned to normal after operation with no recurrence of bleeding.

Conclusion

We created a successful and novel strategy for laparotomy-endoscopic assisted suture for DU emergency hemostasis without duodenectomy.
Factors associated with postpartum family planning use in Rwanda
Authors: Sylvain Muzungu Hirwa , Valens Rwema
Published: January 2024

Background

Resumption and initiation of contraceptive methods after delivery are of critical importance in ensuring the well-being of the mother and the newborn. However, evidence related with postpartum family planning in Rwanda is scanty. This study employed survival analysis techniques to study the time to resumption or initiation of contraceptive methods after childbirth in Rwandan women and the associated factors.

Methods

Data were collected from the 2020 Rwanda Demographic and Health Survey (RDHS). Descriptive statistics were obtained after adjusting for study design. Initial analysis was conducted using the Kaplan-Meier method, followed by univariate and multivariable Cox Hazard proportional models to study factors associated with the initiation of contraceptive use after delivery. Cox Model assumptions were tested using scaled Schoenfeld Residuals.

Results

5682 women who delivered in the five years preceding the survey were included in this research. The percentage of women who used modern contraceptives was 32%, 55%, 67%, and 79% at one month, six months, one year and two years respectively. Delivery by cesarean section, access to health insurance, and an increase in the number of children under five years of age were associated with increased chances of utilizing modern contraceptives after delivery. An increase in women’s age and in the ideal number of children and women with a history of terminated pregnancy were associated with reduced chances of using postpartum family planning. The influence of religion was highlighted, with Catholic women associated with high contraceptive use.

Conclusion

There is a need to strengthen postpartum family planning in Rwanda. Policy makers and clinicians should provide additional customized interventions for women with factors associated with low use.
High disparity in repellent gland anatomy across major lineages of stick and leaf insects (Insecta: Phasmatodea)
Authors: Niekampf Marco , Meyer Paul , Quade Felix S. C. , Schmidt Alexander R. , Salditt Tim , Bradler Sven
Published: January 2024

Background

Phasmatodea are well known for their ability to disguise themselves by mimicking twigs, leaves, or bark, and are therefore commonly referred to as stick and leaf insects. In addition to this and other defensive strategies, many phasmatodean species use paired prothoracic repellent glands to release defensive chemicals when disturbed by predators or parasites. These glands are considered as an autapomorphic trait of the Phasmatodea. However, detailed knowledge of the gland anatomy and chemical compounds is scarce and only a few species were studied until now. We investigated the repellent glands for a global sampling of stick and leaf insects that represents all major phasmatodean lineages morphologically via µCT scans and analyzed the anatomical traits in a phylogenetic context.

Results

All twelve investigated species possess prothoracic repellent glands that we classify into four distinct gland types. 1: lobe-like glands, 2: sac-like glands without ejaculatory duct, 3: sac-like glands with ejaculatory duct and 4: tube-like glands. Lobe-like glands are exclusively present in Timema, sac-like glands without ejaculatory duct are only found in Orthomeria, whereas the other two types are distributed across all other taxa (= Neophasmatodea). The relative size differences of these glands vary significantly between species, with some glands not exceeding in length the anterior quarter of the prothorax, and other glands extending to the end of the metathorax.

Conclusions

We could not detect any strong correlation between aposematic or cryptic coloration of the examined phasmatodeans and gland type or size. We hypothesize that a comparatively small gland was present in the last common ancestor of Phasmatodea and Euphasmatodea, and that the gland volume increased independently in subordinate lineages of the Occidophasmata and Oriophasmata. Alternatively, the stem species of Neophasmatodea already developed large glands that were reduced in size several times independently. In any case, our results indicate a convergent evolution of the gland types, which was probably closely linked to properties of the chemical components and different predator selection pressures. Our study is the first showing the great anatomical variability of repellent glands in stick and leaf insects.
Regulatory scoping exercise for the future adoption of autonomous inland ships in Europe
Authors: Orzechowski Sophie C.
Published: January 2024

Shipping is a heavily regulated sector, and autonomous ships will by no means be able to escape the public regulator’s agenda. Furthermore, regulatory adaptation is necessary because current laws oppose the introduction of this new technology. In contrast to maritime shipping, in which considerable regulatory work on autonomous ships has already been achieved, the process of adapting inland shipping regulations for autonomous vessels is rather slow, thereby considerably hindering the further development of the sector. An important reason for this is the multi-levelled regulatory institutional structure in European inland shipping, which consequently has less unified rules than its maritime counterpart. In addition, previous research on regulatory obstacles is highly fragmented and restricted in scope. This study presents a systematic regulatory analysis of relevant inland shipping regulations by following the approach adopted by the International Maritime Organisation with respect to maritime shipping regulations, with the objective of identifying potential obstacles in relevant regulatory instruments and common themes across them. It also discusses the existing possibilities under current European Union law for the exceptional operation of autonomous inland ships and describes the latest policy directions taken by the European legislator to foster innovation development within the sector.
Women in low- and middle-income countries receive antenatal care at health institutions, yet not delivered there: a multilevel analysis of 2016–2021 DHS data
Authors: Merid Mehari Woldemariam , Chilot Dagmawi , Yigzaw Zeamanuel Anteneh , Melesse Alemakef Wagnew , Ferede Menberesibhat Getie , Aragaw Fantu Mamo , Bitew Desalegn Anmut
Published: January 2024

Background

The institutional delivery dropout (IDD) is a major problem that disproportionately affects low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). It is associated with increased risks of adverse birth outcomes among pregnant women. Hence, this study assessed the pooled estimate and determinants of IDD after antenatal care (ANC) visit among women in LMICs.

Method

The Demographic and Health Survey (DHS) data from 29 LMICs were used for this study. Data analysis was performed with STATA version 14. The forest plot was used to estimate the pooled prevalence of IDD. Multilevel binary logistic regression was fitted to identify determinants of IDD. The statistical significance level between the outcome and independent variables was determined through the adjusted odds ratio (AOR) with 95% CI and p-value less than 0.05.

Result

The pooled prevalence of IDD after ANC booking among reproductive age women in LMICs was 22.25% (95%CI: 18.25, 26.25). Additionally, the prevalence of IDD was highest (29.83%) among women from the South and Central Europe and the Caribbean countries and lowest (13.72%) in Central/Western Asia and the Oceania.

In the multilevel analysis; no education (AOR = 2.92; 95% CI: 2.72, 3.13), poorest wealth index (AOR = 3.46; 95% CI: 3.28, 3.66), inadequate ANC visits (AOR = 1.73; 95% CI: 1.39, 1.77), no media exposure (AOR = 1.27; 95% CI: 1.23, 1.30), rural (AOR = 1.50; 95% CI: 1.43, 1.54), distance a big problem (AOR = 1.28; 95% CI: 1.25, 1.31), and women located in the South/Eastern Europe and Caribbean region 6.67 (AOR = 6.67; 95% CI: 6.20, 7.20), women lived in low-income countries 7.05 (AOR = 7.05; 95% CI: 6.57, 7.56), and women from lower middle-income countries 5.34 (AOR = 5.57; 95% CI: 4.93, 5.78), had increased odds of IDD after ANC among women in LMICs. However, women who had ever born one child (AOR = 0.29; 95% CI: 0.28, 0.31), and women from Central and Western Asia and the Oceania (AOR = 0.78; 95%CI: 0.74, 0.82) had decreased odds of IDD.

Conclusion

The IDD was high among women in LMICs and significantly increased among women with no education, from poorest household, had inadequate ANC visit, no media exposure, rural, distance a big problem. Hence, interventions to reduce IDD should focus on addressing the gaps related to maternal education, access to media, and number of ANC visits among women in LMICs.
Integrated health reporting within the UN architecture: learning from maternal, newborn and child health
Authors: Akselrod Svetlana , Collins Téa , Berlina Daria , Collins Amy , Allen Luke
Published: January 2024

Despite a proliferation of the United Nations General Assembly high-level meetings on a range of health issues and developmental challenges, global funding continues to flow disproportionately to HIV and maternal, newborn and child health (MNCH). Using the experience of MNCH, this short article argues that successful human rights framing and the development of robust and regular reporting mechanisms in the international development architecture has contributed to these areas receiving attention. Taking non-communicable diseases (NCDs) as an example of a relatively neglected health area, we propose mechanisms that would improve integrated reporting of health issues in a way that aligns with the move toward cross-cutting themes and matching political and financial commitments with impact. As new frameworks are being developed to support multi-agency approaches to achieving SDG 3—including reporting and accountability—there are opportunities to ensure MNCH and NCDs jointly seek data collection measures that can support specific targets and indicators that link NCDs with early childhood development.
The use of patient reported outcome measures in oncology clinical practice across Australia and New Zealand
Authors: Maharaj Ashika D. , Roberts Natasha , Jefford Michael , Ng Jerome , Rutherford Claudia , Koczwara Bogda
Published: January 2024

Background

While there is increasing evidence on the benefits of PROMs in cancer care, the extent of routine collection and use of PROMs in clinical cancer practice across Australia and New Zealand (ANZ) is unknown. This study examined the prevalence and characteristics of PROMs use in routine clinical cancer care in ANZ.

Methods

An online survey was designed and disseminated via professional societies and organisations using a snowball sampling approach to clinical and health administration professionals managing cancer care in ANZ. A poster advertising the study was also circulated on professional social media networks via LinkedIn and Twitter inviting health professionals from ANZ to participate if they were using or intending to use PROMs in clinical cancer practice. Responders opted into the survey via the survey link.

Results

From 132 survey views, 91(response rate, 69%) respondents from 56 clinical practices across ANZ agreed to participate in the survey, and of these 55 (n = 55/91, 60%) respondents reported collecting PROMs within their clinical practice. The majority of the respondents were from the State of New South Wales in Australia (n = 21/55, 38%), hospital (n = 35/55, 64%), and a public setting (n = 46/55, 83%). PROMs were collected in all cancer types (n = 21/36, 58%), in all stages of the disease (n = 31/36, 86%), in an adult population (n = 33/36, 92%), applied in English (n = 33/36, 92%), and used to facilitate communication with other reasons (27/36, 75%). A geospatial map analysis provided insights into the variation in PROMs uptake between the two countries and in certain jurisdictions within Australia. This study also highlights the limited resources for PROMs implementation, and a lack of systematic priority driven approach.

Conclusion

PROM use across Australia and New Zealand seems variable and occurring predominantly in larger metropolitan centres with limited standardisation of approach and implementation. A greater focus on equitable adoption of PROMs in diverse cancer care settings is urgently needed.
Foraminal and far lateral lumbar disc herniation: outcome of unilateral full facetectomy with instrumented fusion
Authors: Elnaggar Ahmed Gabry , Habib Hosam Abdel-Azim
Published: January 2024

Background

Far lateral lumbar disc herniation is a clinical condition characterized by nerve root compression out of the spinal canal, in its extraforaminal/extracanalicular course at the inferior or lateral aspect of the facet joint.

Objective

To analyze the effect of unilateral full facetectomy with instrumented fusion in management of foraminal and far lateral lumbar disc herniation.

Methods

This retrospective trial carried out on 34 cases (24 males, 10 females) aged from 27 to 68, with mean value of 49 years who were entered to the Neurosurgery Department, Menoufia University Hospital from January 2018 and January 2022. All patients suffered from foraminal and/or far lateral lumbar disc herniation and were treated with unilateral full facetectomy with instrumented fusion.

Results

The herniation level was at L2-3, L3-4, L4-5, and L5-S1 in 2, 10, 18, and 4 patients, respectively. Overall, the mean preoperative VAS score decreased from 8.6 to 2.3 in the short-term. When the long-term functional outcome following surgery was analyzed according to the MacNab Criteria, the recovery was excellent, good, fair, and poor in 26, 8, 0, and 0, respectively.

Conclusions

Full facetectomy ± laminectomy technique provides direct visualization of the complete course of the nerve root extending far laterally to avoid missed disc fragments and protect the nerve root from inadvertent trauma. Pedicle fixation for stabilization following full facetectomy has been indicated to avoid postoperative pain syndromes due to `micro-instability'.
Evaluation of the effect of ozonated water in treatment of denture stomatitis associated with removable prosthetics
Authors: Mostafa Basma , Elboraey Asmaa Nabil , El-Masry Hossam M. , Dehis Wessam M.
Published: January 2024

Background

Ozone therapy is highly demarcated in the dental field owing to its efficient antimicrobial action in its gaseous and aqueous forms. One of the most common difficulties accompanied by utilizing dentures is denture stomatitis (DS) which is principally triggered by Candida albicans (C. albicans).

Objectives

Assessing and comparing the impact of ozonated water versus chlorhexidine mouthwash on healing of intra-oral inflammations associated with complete dentures.

Subjects and methods

Fifty middle-aged male completely edentulous patients wearing complete dentures were screened for the possibility of having any accompanied DS and/or C. albicans. Patients were randomly distributed into two groups. Group I patients were treated with chlorhexidine mouthwash and oral hygiene measures (OHM); while, Group II patients received ozonated water as a mouthwash and OHM. Evaluation of inflammation, pain grade, and oral Candidiasis count took place for all patients in all visits; from the initial day of treatment and after 7, 14, and 30 days.

Results

The inflammation’s area and severity together with pain grade showed a significant decrease with time when using both chlorhexidine mouthwash and ozonated water. Comparing the use of chlorhexidine mouthwash and ozonated water together showed insignificant differences. Regarding the Candida forming units (CFU) there was a significant decrease in the colonies number over time, but with insignificant difference between the two groups.

Conclusions

Ozonated water showed favorable results in reducing the area and severity of inflammation and pain grade. Ozonated water has an antifungal effect and can be used as an alternative mouth rinse in treating denture stomatitis.
Predictors associated with symptoms of depression & anxiety during the COVID-19 among MENA immigrants in Houston, Texas
Authors: Zamil Jenna , Fatima Bilqees , Yazdanfard Sahar , Atrooz Fatin , Abughosh Susan , Salim Samina
Published: January 2024

Very limited knowledge is available regarding the mental health of the immigrant population in the USA. We aim to assess the factors affecting the mental health of immigrants living in Houston from war-inflicted and stable countries of Middle Eastern and North African (MENA) origin during the pandemic. This cross-sectional study was conducted among the MENA immigrants using a validated survey of sociodemographic, general health, and COVID-19 questions. Multivariable logistic regression models assessed sociodemographic and clinical predictors of depression and anxiety. The outcome of interest was categorized as “moderate or severe” versus “minimal or mild” for depression and anxiety. Total of 94 participants completed the study, with the sample rate of "moderate or severe" symptoms of anxiety and depression being 29.78% and 64.89%, respectively. Multivariable regression analysis for depression showed that immigrants from war-inflicted countries of origin were less likely to report “moderate or severe” depression compared to immigrants from stable countries (OR = 0.082, 95% CI 0.012–0.551). Individuals with excellent overall health (OR = 0.074, 95% CI = 0.013–0.414) had a significantly lower likelihood of “moderate or severe” depression than those who reported fair/poor health. Non-smokers (OR = 0.068, 95% CI = 0.012–0.377) were less likely to report “moderate or severe” depression in comparison to those who engage in smoking behavior. Participants who responded to the question that they tried hard to avoid thoughts of COVID-19 were less likely to have symptoms of “moderate or severe” depression compared to participants who responded, “No” (OR = 0.110, 95% CI = 0.017–0.712). Those who have” excellent/good knowledge” (OR = 0.0146, 95% CI = 0.022–0.946) about the prevention of COVID-19 spread were less likely to have “moderate or severe” depression compared to those who had “average/poor/terrible”. Multivariable regression analysis revealed smoking as a significant predictor of anxiety, with non-smokers demonstrating a lower likelihood of experiencing "moderate or severe" anxiety than smokers (OR = 0.21, 95% CI = 0.06–0.84). MENA immigrant communities in the USA have diverse immigration experiences, cultural backgrounds, and instability issues in their home countries, possibly elevating the risk of depression and anxiety during the COVID-19 crisis. Predictors identified should be considered by policymakers when developing targeted interventions to ensure the mental and social well-being of immigrant communities in the USA.
Morphological and molecular assessment of Livoneca redmanii Leach, 1818, and Anilocra alloceraea Koelbel, 1878 (Isopoda: Cymothoidae) from Egyptian waters
Authors: Zayed Osama El-Sayed , Hellal Ahmed Metwally , Zeina Amr Farag , Tayel Safaa Ismail , El‑Tabakh Mohamed A. M.
Published: January 2024

Background

Two cymothoid isopod species, Livoneca redmanii Leach, 1818 and Anilocra alloceraea Koelbel, 1878, have been discovered throughout the research period. These species have been morphologically compared to other closely related species. Their species sequences have been determined using mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) gene fragments and compared to previously identified Livoneca and Anilocra species. The present study aims to provide a detailed morphological description along with parasitological indices of the L. redmanii species in the Mediterranean, which has previously been described in Egypt by several researchers using various misidentifications.

Results

According to the study findings, Livoneca redmanii was accidentally introduced into Qarun Lake with fish fry from the Mediterranean Sea. The morphological and parasitological descriptions of Anilocra alloceraea and L. redmanii are discussed. Additionally, A. alloceraea species is considered the first to be documented on the Egyptian marine coast.

Conclusions

Livoneca redmanii species can rapidly adapt to favorable conditions and be found among the most prevalent species in Egyptian marine environments. Our study supports the description of L. redmanii males, as well as some additional morphological features of both cymothoid species females. The discovery of these species in Egyptian waters has extended their geographic distribution. Additionally, this study marks a significant advancement in our knowledge of the dynamics of some parasitic isopod distribution among their preferred species as well as a critical step toward identifying the species that indeed inhabit Egyptian waters.
Patients with longstanding psoriatic arthritis can achieve DAPSA remission or low disease activity and it correlates to better functional outcomes: results from a Latin-American real-life cohort
Authors: Cruz Larissa Vargas , Farani Júlia Boechat , Costa Júlia Rabello , de Andrade Águas João Victor , Ruschel Bruna , de Almeida Menegat Franciele , Gasparin Andrese Aline , Brenol Claiton Viegas , Kohem Charles Lubianca , Bessa Adrieli , Forestiero Francisco , Thies Felipe , Palominos Penélope Esther
Published: January 2024

Background

Patients with psoriatic arthritis (PsA) experience reduced physical function and impaired quality of life. Better patient-reported functional outcomes are found when lower disease activity is achieved.

Objectives

To evaluate the variation of physical function by HAQ-DI over time in PsA patients treated with standard therapy in a real-life setting: to verify predictors of achieving a minimum clinically important difference (MCID) in function by HAQ-DI (ΔHAQ-DI ≤ − 0.35) and to measure the impact of achieving REM/LDA on long-term function by HAQ-DI.

Methods

This is a longitudinal analysis of a real-life retrospective cohort. Data from PsA patients with at least 4 years of follow-up in the PsA clinic from 2011 to 2019 were extracted from electronic medical records. The variations of physical function by HAQ-DI and disease activity by DAPSA over time were calculated. A multivariate hierarchical regression model was applied to verify predictors of MCID in HAQ-DI. A comparison of HAQ-DI variation between patients with DAPSA REM, LDA, moderate and high disease activity was made using the generalized estimating equation model (GEE), adjusted by Bonferroni test. The Spearman correlation method was applied to verify the correlation of ΔDAPSA and ΔHAQ-DI over time. Statistical analysis was performed in SPSS program version 21.0.

Results

Seventy-three patients were included in the analysis. Physical function measured by HAQ-DI was determined by PsA disease activity measured by DAPSA (p < 0.000). A moderate and statistically significant correlation between ΔDAPSA and ΔHAQ-DI was observed (rs = 0.60; p < 0.001). Only patients in DAPSA REM demonstrated a constant decline in HAQ-DI scores during the follow-up. White ethnicity and older age at baseline were predictors for not achieving MCID in HAQ-DI [RR 0.33 (0.16–0.6795% CI p = 0.002) and RR 0.96 (0.93–0.9895% CI p < 0.000), respectively, while higher scores of HAQ-DI at baseline were predictors of achieving MCID [RR 1.71 (1.12–2.6095%CI p = 0.013)].

Conclusions

In PsA, patients who maintained DAPSA REM/LDA over time had better long-term functional outcomes. Higher HAQ-DI scores at baseline, non-white ethnicity and younger age were predictors for achieving a clinical meaningful improvement of HAQ-DI.
The randomized clinical trial trustworthiness crisis
Authors: Butt Furqan A. , Fawzy Mohammad , Al Wattar Bassel H. , Bueno-Cavanillas Aurora , Khan Khalid S. , Khalaf Yacoub
Published: January 2024

Background

The rising number of retracted randomised clinical trials (RCTs) is a concern over their trustworthiness. In today's digital landscape electronic observational data is easily accessible for research purposes. This emerging perspective, in tandem with the growing scrutiny of RCT credibility, may steer some researchers towards favouring non-randomized studies. It is crucial to emphasize the ongoing need for robust RCTs, shedding light on the areas within trial design that require enhancements and addressing existing gaps in trial execution.

Main body

Evidence-based medicine pivots on the nexus between empirical medical research and the theoretical and applied facets of clinical care. Healthcare systems regularly amass patient data, creating a vast reservoir of information. This facilitates large-scale observational studies, which may appear as potential substitutes for RCTs. These large-scale studies inherently possess biases that place them a notch below randomized evidence. Honest errors, data manipulation, lapses in professionalism, and methodological shortcomings tarnish the integrity of RCTs, compromising trust in trials. Research institutions, funding agencies, journal editors and other stakeholders have the responsibility to establish robust frameworks to prevent both deliberate and inadvertent mishandling of RCT design, conduct and analysis. Systematic reviews that collate robust RCTs are invaluable. They amalgamate superior evidence instrumental in improving patient outcomes via informed health policy decisions. For systematic reviews to continue to retain trust, validated integrity assessment tools must be developed and routinely applied. This way it will be possible to prevent false or untrustworthy research from becoming part of the recommendations based on the evidence.

Conclusion

High-quality RCTs and their systematic reviews play a crucial role in acquiring valid and reliable evidence that is instrumental in improving patient outcomes. They provide vital information on healthcare effectiveness, and their trustworthiness is key to evidence-based medicine.
An insight into the associated factors with recurrent endometriomas after surgical excision
Authors: Fashkhami Faezeh , Beykian Ali
Published: January 2024

Atwa et al.’s study shed light on endometrioma management and factors affecting recurrence. However, the exclusion of open ovarian surgery patients and the potential impact of laparoscopic surgery on ovarian reserve and outcomes warrant consideration. Including both surgical approaches in future studies would enable a comprehensive assessment of their effectiveness and influence on endometrioma recurrence, enhancing our understanding of surgical excision outcomes.
Latest advances in hepatocellular carcinoma management and prevention through advanced technologies
Authors: Addissouky Tamer A. , Sayed Ibrahim El Tantawy El , Ali Majeed M. A. , Wang Yuliang , Baz Ayman El , Khalil Ahmed A. , Elarabany Naglaa
Published: January 2024

Background

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a common type of liver cancer, with a high mortality rate. Hepatocellular carcinoma is a type of liver cancer that can be effectively managed through early detection and accurate diagnosis, followed by a personalized treatment plan that may include surgical resection, liver transplantation, minimally-invasive techniques, immunotherapy, or targeted therapy depending on the stage and severity of the cancer.

Main body of the abstract

This paper discusses recent advances in the early detection, management, and prevention of HCC. The use of newer imaging techniques, such as Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and contrast-enhanced ultrasound, along with image segmentation technology and deep learning models, have greatly enhanced the accuracy of HCC detection and diagnosis. Minimally-invasive techniques, such as thermal ablation and radiofrequency ablation, have allowed for more precise and targeted destruction of tumors, while Nanoparticles, immunotherapy and targeted therapy have shown promise in the management of advanced stage HCC. The use of Artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning has revolutionized HCC research, aiding in the identification of high-risk patients and predicting outcomes. Lifestyle modifications, such as weight management, alcohol avoidance, and hepatitis B vaccinations, can play a critical role in preventing HCC development.

Short conclusion

Recent advances in early detection, management, and prevention of HCC have shown promise in improving patient outcomes. The use of newer imaging techniques, minimally-invasive techniques, immunotherapy, targeted therapy, and AI and machine learning have greatly enhanced HCC research and management, while lifestyle modifications can play a critical role in prevention. However, further research is required to fully understand the potential benefits of nanoparticles, traditional Chinese medicine and herbal medicines in HCC treatment.

Graphical Abstract
Anti-Alzheimer potential of Solanum lycopersicum seeds: in vitro, in vivo, metabolomic, and computational investigations
Authors: Bakhsh Hussain T. , Abdelhafez Omnia Hesham , Elmaidomy Abeer H. , Aly Hanan F. , Younis Eman A. , Alzubaidi Mubarak A. , Algehainy Naseh A. , Altemani Faisal H. , Majrashi Mohammed , Alsenani Faisal , Bringmann Gerhard , Abdelmohsen Usama Ramadan , Mokhtar Fatma Alzahraa
Published: January 2024

Background

Solanum lycopersicum Linn. (Tomato, Family Solanaceae) is one of the fruits that are most consumed worldwide. The current research intends to emphasise the possibility of positive and therapeutic effects of S. lycopersicum seed extract (SLSE) on Alzheimer's disease's neurodegeneration effects being reversed in a study utilising rats exposed to aluminium chloride. Investigations were done on the cholinesterase and antioxidant in vitro activity of SLSE. Rats with Alzheimer's disease were given SLSE, and donepezil (500, and 10 mg/kg.b.wt., daily for six weeks, respectively) to test SLSE biological activity. Beam-balance and T-maze tests, as well as serum levels of AChE, norepinephrine, dopamine, serotonin, IL-6, glycated end product, BDNF, MDA, TAC, and GSH were assessed, accompanied with histological investigation. To impact the effectiveness of this extract, bioinformatics study was validated.

Results

Crude SLSE showed in vitro DPPH scavenging and AChE inhibition activities, indicating the extract might have anti-Alzheimer potential, which was validated using an aluminium-intoxicated rat model, in vivo. In Alzheimer's rats, in vivo studies showed considerable improvements, as seen by improved beam balance, and T-maze tests and decreased serum levels of AChE, norepinephrine, dopamine, serotonin, IL-6, glycated end product, BDNF, and MDA, with increasing in TAC, and GSH levels. Brain tissue histological tests revealed a largely typical pattern of collagen fibre distribution. LC–HRESIMS metabolomic profiling of crude SLSE identified 33 compounds. Furthermore, the bioinformatics study discovered 378 targets related to the major identified compounds, of which only 133 were related to Alzheimer's and memory disorders, with APP, AChE, and PSEN2 targets which were marked as the top genes. Gene enrichment analysis identified the arachidonic acid metabolism and PPAR signalling pathway as the biological pathways enriched by all the gene sets under investigation.

Conclusion

As a result, the study findings are expected to pave the way for the creation of dietary supplements for Alzheimer's disease management.

Graphic abstract
Emotion, Fact, and Anthropogenic Disturbances: Undergraduate Attitudes Toward Wildfire and Urbanization after a Brief Intervention
Authors: Hubert Mali M. , Weatherton Maryrose , Schussler Elisabeth E.
Published: January 2024

Special attention has been given to understanding attitudes toward climate change; however few studies exist on understanding how people perceive other anthropogenic disturbances. This research assessed attitudes of undergraduate students toward two anthropogenic disturbances, wildfire and urbanization, and students’ willingness to take action.
Content Coverage as a Persistent Exclusionary Practice: Investigating Perspectives of Health Professionals on the Influence of Undergraduate Coursework
Authors: Tripp Brie , Cozzens Sherri , Hrycyk Catherine , Tanner Kimberly D. , Schinske Jeffrey N.
Published: January 2024

Interviews with healthcare professionals suggest prerequisite course content misaligns with knowledge needed in the healthcare workforce and an overcommitment to course content might exclude capable individuals from the field. These findings challenge assumptions surrounding the justification for prerequisite STEM content for career preparation.
Characterization of anisotropy in basin-scale subsurface using teleseismic receiver function analysis
Authors: Li Yiran , Nikulin Alex
Published: January 2024

Teleseismic receiver function (RF) analysis offers a passive-source analogue to detect impedance boundaries using the converted body waves generated by earthquakes. While the technique traditionally has targeted deep earth structures such as the Moho and transition zones, there is growing interest in assessing its applicability in basin-scale seismic characterization, ultimately aimed for onshore commercial integration as a cost-effective complement to existing active-source seismic surveys. Specifically, the conventional broadband seismometers used in global observational seismic experiments are not only logistically simple in terms of data acquisition, but they also record ground motions in three mutually orthogonal time series, enabling effective detection of shear waves and directional variations of observed signals. Here, we perform teleseismic RF analysis to detect shear-wave anisotropy and related symmetry axes orientations in a basin setting, using open-source seismic data recorded at 55 closely spaced seismic stations in the LaBarge Passive Seismic Experiment deployed in Wyoming between November 2008 and June 2009. We find that the strengths and geometry of the observed anisotropy are variable along the array. Significantly, not only can anisotropy effectively delineate subsurface fault interfaces, it can also substantiate and reveal additional interpretable signals that are otherwise disregarded. The estimated fast axes orientations compare favorably with the complex fracture systems documented in the region. Finally, we show that P-to-S amplitude variations with P incidence are systematic and modelable using existing computational tools, offering an opportunity to develop an analysis technique similar to amplitude variation with offset with the products of RF analysis.
KRT17 From Keratinocytes With High Glucose Stimulation Inhibit Dermal Fibroblasts Migration Through Integrin α11
Authors: Zhou Peng , Li Yiqing , Zhang Shan , Chen Dian-Xi , Gao Ruikang , Qin Peiliang , Yang Chao , Li Qin
Published: January 2024

Objective

To investigate the effects of overexpressed keratin 17 (KRT17) on the biology of human dermal fibroblasts (HDFs) and to explore the mechanism of KRT17 in diabetic wound healing.

Methods

KRT17 expression was tested in diabetic keratinocytes, animal models, and patient skin tissues (Huazhong University of Science and Technology Ethics Committee, [2022] No. 3110). Subsequently, HDFs were stimulated with different concentrations of KRT17 in vitro. Changes in the proliferation and migration of HDFs were observed. Then, identification of KRT17-induced changes in dermal fibroblast of RNA sequencing–based transcriptome analysis was performed.

Results

KRT17 expression was upregulated under pathological conditions. In vitro stimulation of HDFs with different concentrations of KRT17 inhibited cell migration. RNA-seq data showed that enriched GO terms were extracellular matrix components and their regulation. KEGG analysis revealed that the highest number of enriched genes was PI3K-Akt, in which integrin alpha-11 (ITGA11) mRNA, a key molecule that regulates cell migration, was significantly downregulated. Decreased ITGA11 expression was observed after stimulation of HDFs with KRT17 in vitro.

Conclusion

Increased expression of KRT17 in diabetic pathological surroundings inhibits fibroblast migration by downregulating the expression of ITGA11. Thus, KRT17 may be a molecular target for the treatment of diabetic wounds.
Rural entrepreneurship
Authors: Kusio Tomasz
Published: January 2024

Motivation: The issue of rural development is an important topic from the perspective of the science of territorial development for several reasons. First, from the perspective of the growing importance of cities, with which the depopulation of the countryside is associated. Secondly, from the point of view of the development opportunities of non-urbanized areas, whose position in the context of fund distribution is weak. Finally, from the point of view of the possibility of diversifying food production, to which much attention is currently being paid in Europe and around the world. However, as studies show, not only the existence, but the development of rural areas is a determinant of the development of urban areas.Aim: The purpose of the article is to demonstrate that rural development continues to be a significant challenge, while especially important for this development is the involvement of people — entrepreneurial leaders.Results: As a result of the study, it was possible to gain input in the form of knowledge regarding the differential impact of the rural development factors identified in the study. The phenomenon of the possibility of digitization of social and business life, which has emerged as globalization has progressed, and quite clearly as a result of the pandemic, has shown that it is a factor of great importance in leveling the marginalization of rural areas. What’s more, the entrepreneurship of rural leaders is a key element in building strategies for the development of these areas, even outweighing the factor of a financial and administrative nature.
Influence of financialization on the business activity of non-financial enterprises in Poland
Authors: Rydzewska Alina
Published: January 2024

Motivation: Financialization is connected with the phenomenon of dominance of the financial sphere in relation to the real sphere. Financialization, when applied to non-financial entities, means the increase of importance of financial motives in the decision-making processes of enterprises. Changes result from transformations of the system of economic incentives and development patterns, both in the economy and among economic entities, which are focused on fast earning. Enterprises for that purpose, they use leverage and financial instruments to generate profit, limiting the operational and investment activity.Aim: The aim of this paper is to examine if the processes of financialization have affected the activities of non-financial enterprises operating in Poland based on a multifaceted analysis of the financialization of enterprises: from the point of view of investment activities (assets), sources of external financing (liabilities), income and management. Moreover, an attempt was made to answer the question if these processes apply equally to particular industries and enterprises according to their size.Results: The conducted research showed that non-financial enterprises operating in Poland do not show signs of financialization of their activities. There is a noticeable upward trend in active and passive financial instruments of the balance sheet total. However, it does not translate into an increase in financial income. Research related to factors affecting ROE as a measure of shareholder value assessment, showed that it is determined by operating performance. In addition, the research showed that there were no statistically significant differences in the financialization of operations between large companies and the SME sector. With regard to sectors, the research indicated that there were sectors that differed from the others. In terms of the degree of financialization of assets, liabilities and income, it is sector L — “Real estate activities”.
Determination of the importance of job offer characteristics by students of economic studies: factor analysis
Authors: Wronowska Gabriela
Published: January 2024

Motivation: The paper addresses the current subject matter related to the students’ activity in the labour market and constitutes a part of the current research trend related to students’ search for employment.Aim: The paper presents four research questions: What is important to students of economic studies in a job? What job offers do students of economic studies look for? Which characteristics of a job offer are important for students of economic studies and why? Is there a difference in the expectations of students of economic studies regarding job offers, which is determined by gender, age, place of residence, type of study and source of income? In order to obtain data, an online questionnaire was developed and filled out by students of the Cracow University of Economics (N=756). The search for employment is based on individual preferences, but the survey can identify those that are common to the surveyed group of students. In order to analyze the collected data the Factor Analysis was implemented, with-in which the Principal Components Analysis method was used. The rotation method and the scree criterion were used to determine the number of factors. Next, the factor analysis was used to show the differences in the answers given by students, depending on the variables adopted to characterize the study group.Results: Based on the results of the factor analysis, it was confirmed that the age, gender, place of residence, educational level and source of income of the surveyed students have an impact on the employment choices they make. The conclusions resulting from the study are of cognitive and applicable nature, especially for employers and recruiters who, with this knowledge, can react flexibly and prepare accordingly to attract and hire employees from the generation “Z”.