bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Description and Safety Overview of Irreversible Electroporation for Prostate Tissue Ablation in Intermediate-Risk Prostate Cancer Patients: Preliminary Results from the PRESERVE Trial
Authors: George Arvin K. , Miocinovic Ranko , Patel Amit R. , Lomas Derek J. , Correa Andres F. , Chen David Y. T. , Rastinehad Ardeshir R. , Schwartz Michael J. , Uchio Edward M. , Sidana Abhinav , Helfand Brian T. , Gahan Jeffrey C. , Yu Alice , Vourganti Srinivas , Barqawi Al Baha , Brisbane Wayne G. , Wysock James S. , Polascik Thomas J. , McClure Timothy D. , Coleman Jonathan A.
Published: June 2024

The PRESERVE study (NCT04972097) aims to evaluate the safety and effectiveness of the NanoKnife System to ablate prostate tissue in patients with intermediate-risk prostate cancer (PCa). The NanoKnife uses irreversible electroporation (IRE) to deliver high-voltage electrical pulses to change the permeability of cell membranes, leading to cell death. A total of 121 subjects with organ-confined PCa ≤ T2c, prostate-specific antigens (PSAs) ≤ 15 ng/mL, and a Gleason score of 3 + 4 or 4 + 3 underwent focal ablation of the index lesion. The primary endpoints included negative in-field biopsy and adverse event incidence, type, and severity through 12 months. At the time of analysis, the trial had completed accrual with preliminary follow-up available. Demographics, disease characteristics, procedural details, PSA responses, and adverse events (AEs) are presented. The median (IQR) age at screening was 67.0 (61.0–72.0) years and Gleason distribution 3 + 4 (80.2%) and 4 + 3 (19.8%). At 6 months, all patients with available data (n = 74) experienced a median (IQR) percent reduction in PSA of 67.6% (52.3–82.2%). Only ten subjects (8.3%) experienced a Grade 3 adverse event; five were procedure-related. No Grade ≥ 4 AEs were reported. This study supports prior findings that IRE prostate ablation with the NanoKnife System can be performed safely. Final results are required to fully assess oncological, functional, and safety outcomes.
Recommendations for the Management of Patients with Hairy-Cell Leukemia and Hairy-Cell Leukemia-like Disorders: A Work by French-Speaking Experts and French Innovative Leukemia Organization (FILO) Group
Authors: Paillassa Jérôme , Maitre Elsa , Belarbi Boudjerra Nadia , Madani Abdallah , Benlakhal Raihane , Matthes Thomas , Van Den Neste Eric , Cailly Laura , Inchiappa Luca , Bekadja Mohammed Amine , Tomowiak Cécile , Troussard Xavier
Published: June 2024

Introduction: Hairy-cell leukemia (HCL) is a rare B-cell chronic lymphoproliferative disorder (B-CLPD), whose favorable prognosis has changed with the use of purine nucleoside analogs (PNAs), such as cladribine (CDA) or pentostatin (P). However, some patients eventually relapse and over time HCL becomes resistant to chemotherapy. Many discoveries have been made in the pathophysiology of HCL during the last decade, especially in genomics, with the identification of the BRAFV600E mutation and cellular biology, including the importance of signaling pathways as well as tumor microenvironment. All of these new developments led to targeted treatments, especially BRAF inhibitors (BRAFis), MEK inhibitors (MEKis), Bruton’s tyrosine kinase (BTK) inhibitors (BTKis) and recombinant anti-CD22 immunoconjugates. Results: The following major changes or additions were introduced in these updated guidelines: the clinical relevance of the changes in the classification of splenic B-cell lymphomas and leukemias; the increasingly important diagnostic role of BRAFV600E mutation; and the prognostic role of the immunoglobulin (IG) variable (V) heavy chain (H) (IGHV) mutational status and repertory. We also wish to insist on the specific involvement of bones, skin, brain and/or cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of the disease at diagnosis or during the follow-up, the novel targeted drugs (BRAFi and MEKi) used for HCL treatment, and the increasing role of minimal residual disease (MRD) assessment. Conclusion: Here we present recommendations for the diagnosis of HCL, treatment in first line and in relapsed/refractory patients as well as for HCL-like disorders including HCL variant (HCL-V)/splenic B-cell lymphomas/leukemias with prominent nucleoli (SBLPN) and splenic diffuse red pulp lymphoma (SDRPL).
Early Inhibition of Phosphodiesterase 4B (PDE4B) Instills Cognitive Resilience in APPswe/PS1dE9 Mice
Authors: Rombaut Ben , Schepers Melissa , Tiane Assia , Mussen Femke , Koole Lisa , Kessels Sofie , Trippaers Chloë , Jacobs Ruben , Wouters Kristiaan , Willems Emily , Veggel Lieve van , Koulousakis Philippos , Deluyker Dorien , Bito Virginie , Prickaerts Jos , Wens Inez , Brône Bert , van den Hove Daniel L. A. , Vanmierlo Tim
Published: June 2024

Microglia activity can drive excessive synaptic loss during the prodromal phase of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and is associated with lowered cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) due to cAMP phosphodiesterase 4B (PDE4B). This study aimed to investigate whether long-term inhibition of PDE4B by A33 (3 mg/kg/day) can prevent synapse loss and its associated cognitive decline in APPswe/PS1dE9 mice. This model is characterized by a chimeric mouse/human APP with the Swedish mutation and human PSEN1 lacking exon 9 (dE9), both under the control of the mouse prion protein promoter. The effects on cognitive function of prolonged A33 treatment from 20 days to 4 months of age, was assessed at 7–8 months. PDE4B inhibition significantly improved both the working and spatial memory of APPswe/PSdE9 mice after treatment ended. At the cellular level, in vitro inhibition of PDE4B induced microglial filopodia formation, suggesting that regulation of PDE4B activity can counteract microglia activation. Further research is needed to investigate if this could prevent microglia from adopting their ‘disease-associated microglia (DAM)’ phenotype in vivo. These findings support the possibility that PDE4B is a potential target in combating AD pathology and that early intervention using A33 may be a promising treatment strategy for AD.
Epigenetic Regulation of DLK1-DIO3 Region in Thyroid Carcinoma
Authors: Alves Letícia F. , da Silva Isabelle N. , de Mello Diego C. , Fuziwara Cesar S. , Guil Sonia , Esteller Manel , Geraldo Murilo V.
Published: June 2024

Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) have emerged as pivotal regulators in cellular biology, dispelling their former perception as ‘junk transcripts’. Notably, the DLK1-DIO3 region harbors numerous ncRNAs, including long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) and over 50 microRNA genes. While papillary thyroid cancer showcases a pervasive decrease in DLK1-DIO3-derived ncRNA expression, the precise mechanisms driving this alteration remain elusive. We hypothesized that epigenetic alterations underlie shifts in ncRNA expression during thyroid cancer initiation and progression. This study aimed to elucidate the epigenetic mechanisms governing DLK1-DIO3 region expression in this malignancy. We have combined the analysis of DNA methylation by bisulfite sequencing together with that of histone modifications through ChIP-qPCR to gain insights into the epigenetic contribution to thyroid cancer in cell lines representing malignancies with different genetic backgrounds. Our findings characterize the region’s epigenetic signature in thyroid cancer, uncovering distinctive DNA methylation patterns, particularly within CpG islands on the lncRNA MEG3-DMR, which potentially account for its downregulation in tumors. Pharmacological intervention targeting DNA methylation combined with histone deacetylation restored ncRNA expression. These results contribute to the understanding of the epigenetic mechanisms controlling the DLK1-DIO3 region in thyroid cancer, highlighting the combined role of DNA methylation and histone marks in regulating the locus’ expression.
D-MAINS: A Deep-Learning Model for the Label-Free Detection of Mitosis, Apoptosis, Interphase, Necrosis, and Senescence in Cancer Cells
Authors: He Sarah , Sillah Muhammed , Cole Aidan R. , Uboveja Apoorva , Aird Katherine M. , Chen Yu-Chih , Gong Yi-Nan
Published: June 2024

Background: Identifying cells engaged in fundamental cellular processes, such as proliferation or living/death statuses, is pivotal across numerous research fields. However, prevailing methods relying on molecular biomarkers are constrained by high costs, limited specificity, protracted sample preparation, and reliance on fluorescence imaging. Methods: Based on cellular morphology in phase contrast images, we developed a deep-learning model named Detector of Mitosis, Apoptosis, Interphase, Necrosis, and Senescence (D-MAINS). Results: D-MAINS utilizes machine learning and image processing techniques, enabling swift and label-free categorization of cell death, division, and senescence at a single-cell resolution. Impressively, D-MAINS achieved an accuracy of 96.4 ± 0.5% and was validated with established molecular biomarkers. D-MAINS underwent rigorous testing under varied conditions not initially present in the training dataset. It demonstrated proficiency across diverse scenarios, encompassing additional cell lines, drug treatments, and distinct microscopes with different objective lenses and magnifications, affirming the robustness and adaptability of D-MAINS across multiple experimental setups. Conclusions: D-MAINS is an example showcasing the feasibility of a low-cost, rapid, and label-free methodology for distinguishing various cellular states. Its versatility makes it a promising tool applicable across a broad spectrum of biomedical research contexts, particularly in cell death and oncology studies.
CD3ζ-Mediated Signaling Protects Retinal Ganglion Cells in Glutamate Excitotoxicity of the Retina
Authors: Du Rui , Wang Ping , Tian Ning
Published: June 2024

Excessive levels of glutamate activity could potentially damage and kill neurons. Glutamate excitotoxicity is thought to play a critical role in many CNS and retinal diseases. Accordingly, glutamate excitotoxicity has been used as a model to study neuronal diseases. Immune proteins, such as major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I molecules and their receptors, play important roles in many neuronal diseases, while T-cell receptors (TCR) are the primary receptors of MHCI. We previously showed that a critical component of TCR, CD3ζ, is expressed by mouse retinal ganglion cells (RGCs). The mutation of CD3ζ or MHCI molecules compromises the development of RGC structure and function. In this study, we investigated whether CD3ζ-mediated molecular signaling regulates RGC death in glutamate excitotoxicity. We show that mutation of CD3ζ significantly increased RGC survival in NMDA-induced excitotoxicity. In addition, we found that several downstream molecules of TCR, including Src (proto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase) family kinases (SFKs) and spleen tyrosine kinase (Syk), are expressed by RGCs. Selective inhibition of an SFK member, Hck, or Syk members, Syk or Zap70, significantly increased RGC survival in NMDA-induced excitotoxicity. These results provide direct evidence to reveal the underlying molecular mechanisms that control RGC death under disease conditions.
Different Lengths of Gestational Exposure to Secondhand Smoke or e-Cigarette Vapor Induce the Development of Placental Disease Symptoms
Authors: Kirkham Madison N. , Cooper Christian , Broberg Emily , Robertson Peter , Clarke Derek , Pickett Brett E. , Bikman Benjamin , Reynolds Paul R. , Arroyo Juan A.
Published: June 2024

Exposure to cigarette smoke is known to induce disease during pregnancy. Recent evidence showed that exposure to secondhand smoke (SHS) negatively impacts fetal and placental weights, leading to the development of intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR). Electronic cigarettes (eCigs) represent a phenomenon that has recently emerged, and their use is also steadily rising. Even so, the effects of SHS or eCigs during gestation remain limited. In the present study, we wanted to characterize the effects of SHS or eCig exposure at two different important gestational points during mouse pregnancy. C57/Bl6 mice were exposed to SHS or eCigs via a nose-only delivery system for 4 days (from 14.5 to 17.5 gestational days (dGA) or for 6 days (from 12.5 dGA to 17.5 dGA)). At the time of necropsy (18.5 dGA), placental and fetal weights were recorded, maternal blood pressure was determined, and a dipstick test to measure proteinuria was performed. Placental tissues were collected, and inflammatory molecules in the placenta were identified. Treatment with SHS showed the following: (1) a significant decrease in placental and fetal weights following four days of exposure, (2) higher systolic and diastolic blood pressure following six days of exposure, and (3) increased proteinuria after six days of exposure. Treatment with eCigs showed the following: (1) a significant decrease in placental weight and fetal weight following four or six days of exposure, (2) higher systolic and diastolic blood pressure following six days of exposure, and (3) increased proteinuria after six days of exposure. We also observed different inflammatory markers associated with the development of IUGR or PE. We conclude that the detrimental effects of SHS or eCig treatment coincide with the length of maternal exposure. These results could be beneficial in understanding the long-term effects of SHS or eCig exposure in the development of placental diseases.
The Role of KACh Channels in Atrial Fibrillation
Authors: Mitrokhin Vadim , Hadzi-Petrushev Nikola , Kazanski Viktor , Schileyko Stanislav , Kamkina Olga , Rodina Anastasija , Zolotareva Alexandra , Zolotarev Valentin , Kamkin Andre , Mladenov Mitko
Published: June 2024

This manuscript explores the intricate role of acetylcholine-activated inward rectifier potassium (KACh) channels in the pathogenesis of atrial fibrillation (AF), a common cardiac arrhythmia. It delves into the molecular and cellular mechanisms that underpin AF, emphasizing the vital function of KACh channels in modulating the atrial action potential and facilitating arrhythmogenic conditions. This study underscores the dual nature of KACh activation and its genetic regulation, revealing that specific variations in potassium channel genes, such as Kir3.4 and K2P3.1, significantly influence the electrophysiological remodeling associated with AF. Furthermore, this manuscript identifies the crucial role of the KACh-mediated current, IKACh, in sustaining arrhythmia through facilitating shorter re-entry circuits and stabilizing the re-entrant circuits, particularly in response to vagal nerve stimulation. Experimental findings from animal models, which could not induce AF in the absence of muscarinic activation, highlight the dependency of AF induction on KACh channel activity. This is complemented by discussions on therapeutic interventions, where KACh channel blockers have shown promise in AF management. Additionally, this study discusses the broader implications of KACh channel behavior, including its ubiquitous presence across different cardiac regions and species, contributing to a comprehensive understanding of AF dynamics. The implications of these findings are profound, suggesting that targeting KACh channels might offer new therapeutic avenues for AF treatment, particularly in cases resistant to conventional approaches. By integrating genetic, cellular, and pharmacological perspectives, this manuscript offers a holistic view of the potential mechanisms and therapeutic targets in AF, making a significant contribution to the field of cardiac arrhythmia research.
An Efficient and Eco-Friendly Procedure for Electrophilic Thiocyanation of Anilines and 1-(Substituted benzylidene)-2-phenyl Hydrazines
Authors: Mallikarjunaswamy A. M. M. , Kuruvalli Gouthami , Syed Khajamohiddin , Reddy Vaddi Damodara , Nair Vipin A.
Published: June 2024

Thiocyanates form an important class of organic compounds commonly found in natural products that exhibit excellent antimicrobial activity. The electrophilic thiocyanation is one of the most effective methods of introducing a -SCN functional group to the parent organic molecule. In this work, we explored an eco-friendly and highly efficient method for thiocyanation of anilines and 1-(substituted benzylidene)-2-phenylhydrazines using commercially available N-bromoscuccinimide (NBS) and potassium thiocyanate (KSCN). The optimized protocol afforded thiocyanates with good regioselectivity and excellent yields in comparison to the available methods.
Parent–Child Associations in Accelerometer-Measured Physical Activity and Sedentary Behaviour: The FAMIPASS Study
Authors: Sigmundová Dagmar , Voráčová Jaroslava , Dygrýn Jan , Vorlíček Michal , Sigmund Erik
Published: June 2024

Parent–child patterns in objectively measured movement behaviours were the highlight of this study. A total of 381 families (337 mothers, 256 fathers, 190 daughters, and 191 sons) from 36 randomly selected schools and kindergartens provided valid accelerometer data. Sedentary behaviour and physical activity (PA) were assessed using ActiGraph accelerometers. Spearman’s rho was used to evaluate parent–child associations, while logistic regression analysis (the backward LR method) was used to recognize factors related to children’s achievement of PA recommendations. Results indicated that girls engaged more in light PA, while boys showed higher levels of moderate and vigorous PA. Mothers spent less time sitting and more time in light PA compared to fathers, resulting in higher total PA levels. Father–son pairs showed a stronger association in total PA than mother–son pairs. Children aged 6–10 years and those with mothers who engaged in more vigorous PA were more likely to meet PA recommendations compared to younger children and those with less active mothers.
The Emotional Impact of Family Involvement during Homework in Children with Neurodevelopmental Disorders: A Systematic Review
Authors: Abín Amanda , Pasarín-Lavín Tania , Areces Débora , Rodríguez Celestino , Núñez José Carlos
Published: June 2024

Neurodevelopmental disorders can be studied from two distinct perspectives: an internal approach, which examines the causes and consequences of these disorders; and a contextual approach, which considers the role of the family in the lives of children and adolescents. Research has demonstrated that the most significant form of family involvement in families raising a child with NDD is through homework. This involvement has been shown to have an emotional impact on children with neurodevelopmental disorders such as ADHD or dyslexia. The objective of this study is to review published articles on homework and neurodevelopmental disorders, with particular attention to the role of the family and the emotional health of children and families. Method: The review followed the PRISMA guidelines. The final sample consisted of 11 articles, with samples ranging from less than 30 participants to more than 100 at the international level. Results: The results demonstrate the complex methodological and bibliometric picture of the final sample, as well as the many emotional and contextual variables that influence the relationship between homework and neurodevelopmental disorders. Conclusions: Future research should consider how emotional health affects the engagement of families with children with neurodevelopmental disorders.
The Role of Social Problem-Solving and Prosocial Behavior in First Aid Willingness among Adolescents in Hungary
Authors: Katona Zsolt , Tarkó Klára , Petrovszki Zita , Győri Ferenc , Vári Beáta , Polcsik Balázs , Berki Tamás
Published: June 2024

First aid is a key factor in preventing further deterioration in an accident, saving lives, or improving treatment in emergencies. However, the reasons behind the willingness to provide first aid are still unclear. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the role of social problem-solving and prosocial behavior in the dimension of first aid willingness. Self-administered questionnaires were used to evaluate the dimensions of first aid willingness (first aid willingness for peers, first aid willingness for strangers, knowledge, and negative emotions), social problem solving (positive problem orientation, negative problem orientation, rational problem solving, avoidance style, and impulsivity/carelessness) and prosocial behavior. A total of 497 school-aged students between the ages of 12 and 15 years (201 boys and 296 girls) participated in this study. Our results showed that positive problem orientation (p < 0.05) and rational problem solving (p < 0.001) are significant factors in determining first aid willingness for both peers and strangers. On the other hand, avoidance style orientation (p < 0.05) has a negative influence on the willingness to provide first aid to peers and strangers. Negative problem orientation (p < 0.001) only predicted negative emotions related to emergencies. Furthermore, prosocial behavior (p < 0.001) was more strongly associated with first aid willingness than social problem solving. Our study suggested that improving social competence could be a key factor in increasing first aid provision in real time, which could save lives in emergencies.
The Corrosion Resistance of Tartaric-Sulfuric Acid Anodic Films on the 2024 Al Alloy Sealed Using Different Methods
Authors: Wang Chao , Sun Shineng , Ling Yunhe , Tan Haifeng , He Chunlin
Published: June 2024

Tartaric-sulfuric acid anodic (TSA) films were prepared on the surface of the 2024 Al alloy. These films were sealed with cerium salts at 25 °C and 65 °C, hot water, and dichromate. The morphology and corrosion resistance of the anodic films were investigated using a field emission scanning electron microscope/energy-dispersive spectrometer, an electrochemical workstation, an acidic spot test, and an immersion test. The results indicated that the surface of the TSA film sealed with cerium salt at 65 °C had a slightly lower cerium content compared to the TSA film sealed at 25 °C. It was found that increasing the sealing temperature of cerium salt could enhance the corrosion resistance of the TSA film. After immersion in a 3.5 wt.% NaCl solution for 336 h, no obvious corrosion pits were observed on the surface of the TSA film sealed at 65 °C, whereas many larger corrosion pits appeared on the surface of the TSA film sealed at 25 °C. The improved corrosion resistance of the TSA film sealed at 65 °C could be attributed to the synergistic effect of cerium oxide deposition and the hydration reaction. The corrosion resistance of the TSA film sealed at 65 °C was significantly better than that of the film sealed with hot water, but it was still lower than that of the TSA film sealed with dichromate.
In Situ Synthesis and Tribological Characterization of TiC–Diamond Composites: Effect of the Counterface Material on Wear Rate and Mechanism
Authors: Chen Yuqi , Li Jin , Li Liang , Han Ming , He Junbao
Published: June 2024

TiC bonded diamond composites were prepared from a mixture of Ti, graphite, and diamond powders as raw materials, with Si as sintering additives, through high-temperature and high-pressure (HTHP) technology. The reaction between Ti and graphite under 4.5–5 GPa pressure and 1.7–2.3 kW output power can produce TiC as the main phase. The diamond particles are surrounded by TiC, and the interface is firmly bonded. The coefficient of friction (COF) of TiC–diamond composites with POM and PP balls decreases with increasing load for a specific friction velocity. However, the COF of TiC–diamond composites with agate, Cu and Al balls increases with the rising load because of the enhanced adhesive wear effect. The COF of PP, Cu and Al balls slightly increases with the increase in friction velocity at a certain load. SEM results show that the surface of agate balls has rough, pear-shaped grooves and shallow scratches. The scratches on the surface of POM balls are wrinkled. The PP balls have pear-shaped groove scratches on their wear surfaces. The wear mechanism of TiC–diamond composites with Cu ball pairs is primarily adhesive wear. The abrasion of TiC–diamond composites with Cu ball pairs remains almost unchanged as the load increases. However, the depth and width of the pear-shaped grooves on the wear surface of TiC–diamond composites are significantly increased. This phenomenon may be attributed to the high rotational speed, which helps to remove the residual abrasive debris from the friction grooves. As a result, there is a decrease in both the depth and width of the pear-shaped grooves, leading to a smoother overall surface. The wear mechanism of TiC–diamond composites with Al ball pairs is abrasive wear, which increases with an increasing load. When the load is constant, as the speed increases, the wear morphology of TiC–diamond composites with Al ball pairs transitions from rough to smooth and then back to rough again. This phenomenon may be attributed to the wear mechanism at low speeds being groove wear and adhesive wear. As the speed increases, the wear particles are more easily removed from the wear track, leading to a reduction in abrasiveness. As the speed increases, the wear surface becomes roughened by a combination of grooves and dispersed wear debris. This can be attributed to the increased dynamic interaction between surfaces caused by higher speed, resulting in a combination of abrasive and adhesive wear. In addition, Cu and Al ball wear debris appeared as irregular particles that permeated and adhered to the surface of the TiC phase among the diamond particles. The results suggest that TiC–diamond composites are a very promising friction material.
Biocomposite Films of Amylose Reinforced with Polylactic Acid by Solvent Casting Method Using a Pickering Emulsion Approach
Authors: Faisal Marwa , Kirkensgaard Jacob Judas Kain , Jørgensen Bodil , Ulvskov Peter , Rée Max , Kang Sue , Andersson Nikolai , Jørgensen Mikkel , Simonsen Jonas , Hebelstrup Kim H. , Blennow Andreas
Published: June 2024

Binary and ternary blends of amylose (AM), polylactic acid (PLA), and glycerol were prepared using a Pickering emulsion approach. Various formulations of AM/PLA with low PLA contents ranging from 3% to 12% were mixed with AM matrix and reinforced with 25% cellulose nanofibers (CNF), and PLA-grafted cellulose nanofibers (g-CNF), the latter to enhance miscibility. Polymeric films were fabricated through solvent casting and characterized using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), and Wide-Angle X-ray Scattering (WAXS), and the evaluations of physical, mechanical properties, and wettability were performed using contact angle measurements. The binary blends of AM and PLA produced films suitable for packaging, pharmaceutical, or biomedical applications with excellent water barrier properties. The ternary blends of AM/CNF/PLA and AM/g-CNF/PLA nanocomposite films demonstrated enhanced tensile strength and reduced water permeability compared to AM/PLA films. Adding g-CNF resulted in better homogeneity and increased relative crystallinity from 33% to 35% compared to unmodified CNF. The application of Pickering emulsion in creating AM-based CNF/ PLA composites resulted in a notable enhancement in tensile strength by 47%. This study presents an effective approach for producing biodegradable and reinforced PLA-based nanocomposite films, which show promise as bio-nanocomposite materials for food packaging applications.
Fractional Boundary Element Solution for Nonlinear Nonlocal Thermoelastic Problems of Anisotropic Fibrous Polymer Nanomaterials
Authors: Fahmy Mohamed Abdelsabour , Toujani Moncef
Published: June 2024

This paper provides a new fractional boundary element method (BEM) solution for nonlinear nonlocal thermoelastic problems with anisotropic fibrous polymer nanoparticles. This comprehensive BEM solution comprises two solutions: the anisotropic fibrous polymer nanoparticles problem solution and the nonlinear nonlocal thermoelasticity problem. The nonlinear nonlocal thermoelasticity problem solution separates the displacement field into complimentary and specific components. The overall displacement is obtained using the boundary element methodology, which solves a Navier-type problem, and the specific displacement is derived using the local radial point interpolation method (LRPIM). The new modified shift-splitting (NMSS) technique, which minimizes memory and processing time requirements, was utilized to solve BEM-created linear systems. The performance of NMSS was evaluated. The numerical results show how fractional and graded parameters influence the thermal stresses of nonlinear nonlocal thermoelastic issues involving anisotropic fibrous polymer nanoparticles. The numerical findings further reveal that the BEM results correlate very well with the finite element method (FEM) and analytical results, demonstrating the validity and correctness of the proposed methodology.
Multifunctional Experimental Studies of Sm-Ion-Influenced Pseudo-Cubic Morphotropic Phase Boundary Regional BiFeO3-xSrTiO3 Ceramics for High-Temperature Applications
Authors: Hussain Ahmad , Jabeen Nawishta , Tabassum Aasma , Khan Muhammad Usman , Basharat Laiba , El Azab Islam H.
Published: June 2024

In this manuscript, for the first time, the exploration of the microstructural, ferroelectric, piezoelectric, and dielectric performances are measured for Sm-ion-influenced pseudo-cubic, morphotropic phase boundary (MPB) regional 0.62BiFeO3−0.38SrTiO3:xwt%Sm2O3 (BFST:xSm) ceramics with x = 0–0.25. All the compositions maintained their pseudo-cubic MPB structural stability. The composition of BFST:0.15Sm ceramics exhibited an excellent remnant polarization (Pr) of ~52.11 μC/cm2, an enhanced d33 of 101 pC/N, and the highest relative dielectric constant (ɛr) of ~1152, which are much improved as compared to that of pure BFST ceramics. BFST:0.15Sm ceramics demonstrated a Curie temperature (TC) of 378 °C. Moreover, the composition exhibited high thermal stability for d33 72 pC/N (only a 28% decrease), even at a high temperature of 300 °C. Such outstanding outcomes make BFST:0.15Sm ceramics an ideal applicant for high-temperature piezoelectric applications.
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Features of Plantar Vein Thrombosis
Authors: Miranda Frederico , Castro Adham , Obrigon Ariadne , Godoy-Santos Alexandre , Santos Durval , Rosemberg Laercio , Taneja Atul
Published: June 2024

Plantar vein thrombosis (PVT) is an underdiagnosed condition affecting the deep plantar veins, with challenging clinical diagnosis, often presenting with non-specific symptoms that mimic other foot pathologies. This study assessed the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) features of patients diagnosed with PVT to contribute to the understanding of this condition. We performed the comprehensive analysis of a substantial dataset, including 112 patients, with a total of 130 positive MRI scans (86 of the forefoot and 44 of the ankle) presenting with PVT. Upon evaluating all the veins of the feet, we observed a higher frequency of involvement of the lateral plantar veins (53.1%) when compared to the medial veins (3.8%). The most affected vascular segments in the forefeet were the plantar metatarsal veins (45.4%), the plantar venous arch (38.5%), and the plantar communicating veins (25.4%). The characteristic findings on MRI were perivascular edema (100%), muscular edema (86.2%), venous ectasia (100%), perivascular enhancement (100%), and intravenous filling defects (97.7%). Our study provides valuable insights into the imaging evaluation of PVT and shows that MRI is a reliable resource for such diagnosis.
Changes of Dissociative Properties of Hemoglobin in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease
Authors: Korus Justyna , Wydro Maria , Gołębiowski Maciej , Krakowska Kornelia , Poznański Paweł , Musiał Kinga , Konieczny Andrzej , Augustyniak-Bartosik Hanna , Stojanowski Jakub , Kusztal Mariusz Andrzej , Gołębiowski Tomasz
Published: June 2024

Background: The ability of hemoglobin to bind and dissociate oxygen is crucial in delivering oxygen to tissues and is influenced by a range of physiological states, compensatory mechanisms, and pathological conditions. This may be illustrated by the oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve (ODC). The key parameter for evaluating the oxygen affinity to hemoglobin is p50. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of hemodialysis on p50 in a group of patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). An additional goal was to assess the correlation between p50 and the parameters of erythropoiesis, point-of-care testing (POCT), and other laboratory parameters. Methods: One hundred and eighty patients (106 male, 74 female), mean age 62.5 ± 17 years, with CKD stage G4 and G5 were enrolled in this cross-sectional study. Patients were divided into two groups, including 65 hemodialysis (HD) patients and 115 patients not receiving dialysis (non-HD). During the standard procedure of arteriovenous fistula creation, blood samples from the artery (A) and the vein (V) were taken for POCT. The causes of CKD, as well as demographic and comorbidity data, were obtained from medical records and direct interviews. Results: The weekly dose of erythropoietin was higher in HD patients than in non-HD patients (4914 ± 2253 UI vs. 403 ± 798 UI, p < 0.01), but hemoglobin levels did not differ between these groups. In the group of non-HD patients, more advanced metabolic acidosis (MA) was found, compared to the group with HD. In arterial and venosus blood samples, the non-HD group had significantly lower pH, pCO2 and HCO3−. This group had a higher proportion of individuals with MA with HCO3− < 22 mmol/L (42% vs. 24%, p < 0.01). The absolute difference of p50 in arterial and venous blood was determined using the formula Δp50 = (p50-A) − (p50-V). Δp50 was significantly higher in the HD group in comparison to non-HD (0.08 ± 2.05 mmHg vs. −0.66 ± 1.93 mmHg, p = 0,02). There was a negative correlation between pH and the p50 value in arterial (pH-A vs. p50-A, r = −0.56, p < 0.01) and venous blood (pH-V vs. p50-V, r = −0.45, p < 0.01). In non-HD patients, hemoglobin levels correlated negatively with p50 (r = −0.29, p < 0.01), whereas no significant relation was found in HD patients. Conclusions: The ODC in pre-dialysis CKD (non-HD) patients is shifted to the right due to MA, and this is an additional factor influencing erythropoiesis. Hemodialysis restores the natural differences in hemoglobin’s dissociation characteristics in the arterial and venous circulation.
A Survey on Reputation Systems for UAV Networks
Authors: Ogunbunmi Simeon , Chen Yu , Blasch Erik , Chen Genshe
Published: June 2024

The proliferation of unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) networks is increasing, driven by their capacity to deliver automated services tailored to the varied demands of numerous smart city applications. Trust, security, and privacy remain paramount in the public domain. Traditional centralized network designs fall short of ensuring device authentication, data integrity, and privacy within the highly dynamic and adaptable environments of UAV networks. Decentralized reputation systems have emerged as a promising solution for enhancing the reliability and trustworthiness of data and communications within these networks while safeguarding UAV security. This paper presents an exhaustive survey of trust and reputation systems, exploring existing frameworks and proposed innovations alongside their inherent challenges. The crucial role of reputation systems is to strengthen trust, security, and privacy throughout these networks, and various strategies can be incorporated to mitigate existing vulnerabilities. As a useful resource for researchers and practitioners seeking to advance the state of the art in UAV network security, we hope this survey will spark further community discussion and stimulate innovative ideas in this burgeoning field.
Design of a UAV Trajectory Prediction System Based on Multi-Flight Modes
Authors: Shi Zhuoyong , Zhang Jiandong , Shi Guoqing , Ji Longmeng , Wang Dinghan , Wu Yong
Published: June 2024

With the burgeoning impact of artificial intelligence on the traditional UAV industry, the pursuit of autonomous UAV flight has emerged as a focal point of contemporary research. Addressing the imperative for advancing critical technologies in autonomous flight, this paper delves into the realm of UAV flight state recognition and trajectory prediction. Presenting an innovative approach focused on improving the precision of unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) path forecasting via the identification of flight states, this study demonstrates its efficacy through the implementation of two prediction models. Firstly, UAV flight data acquisition was realized in this paper by the use of multi-sensors. Finally, two models for UAV trajectory prediction were designed based on machine learning methods and classical mathematical prediction methods, respectively, and the results before and after flight pattern recognition are compared. The experimental results show that the prediction error of the UAV trajectory prediction method based on multiple flight modes is smaller than the traditional trajectory prediction method in different flight stages.
Regional Hydro-Chemistry of Hydrothermal Springs in Northeastern Algeria, Case of Guelma, Souk Ahras, Tebessa and Khenchela Regions
Authors: Djaafri Ibtissem , Seghir Karima , Valles Vincent , Barbiero Laurent
Published: June 2024

Hydrothermal units are characterized by the emergence of several large-flow thermo-mineral springs (griffons), each with varying temperature and physico-chemical characteristics depending on the point of emergence. It seems, however, that there is variability between the different systems, although it is not easy to characterize it because the variability within each system is high. The regional dimension of the chemical composition of thermal waters is, therefore, an aspect that has received very little attention in the literature due to the lack of access to the deep reservoir. In this study, we investigated the spatial variability, on a regional scale, in the characteristics of thermal waters in northeastern Algeria, and more specifically the hydrothermal systems of Guelma, Souk Ahras, Khenchela and Tébessa. Thirty-two hot water samples were taken between December 2018 and October 2019, including five samples of low-temperature mineral spring water. Standard physico-chemical parameters, major anions and cations and lithium were analyzed. The data were log-transformed data and processed via principal component analysis, discriminant analysis and unsupervised classification. The results show that thermal waters are the result of a mixture of hot waters, whose chemical profile has a certain local character, and contaminated by cold surface waters. These surface waters may also have several chemical profiles depending on the location. In addition to the internal variability in each resource, there are differences in water quality between these different hydrothermal systems. The Guelma region differs the most from the other thermal regions studied, with a specific calcic sulfate chemical profile. This question is essential for the rational development of these regional resources in any field whatsoever.
Aspects of Throughput Rate and Scientific Output in Doctoral Education: Changes over Time at the Departmental Level
Authors: Wirestam Ronnie
Published: June 2024

Doctoral education has been shaped by a continuous interaction between the research community and representatives of the governmental authorities. In Sweden, doctorates were organised into structured educational programmes in 1969. In this study, the development of doctoral education in Medical Radiation Physics at Lund University, Sweden, was analysed over approximately 50 years, in terms of quantitative parameters related to throughput rate and scientific production making up the doctoral theses. Theses from two time periods (1970 to 1999 versus 2001 to 2023) were compared in terms of the total number of full papers (either accepted or in manuscript form), number of accepted full papers and number of accepted full papers as first author. For all three categories of included papers, median values were not significantly different between the two time periods while the variances were significantly smaller for the period 2001 to 2023 (level of significance 0.05). The time between admission and thesis defence decreased with time, according to linear correlation analysis, while the number of supervisors increased. Doctoral theses showed a significantly more uniform composition after a major political reform in 1998. Hence, doctoral education can be described as becoming more efficient and predictable. It is suggested that the primary causes include the introduction of individual study plans and secured personal financial support. The increased efficiency can also be problematised regarding, for example, insufficient independence and limited freedom of research.
Science Identity in Undergraduates: A Comparison of First-Year Biology Majors, Senior Biology Majors, and Non-STEM Majors
Authors: Lucas Krista L. , Vandergon Thomas L.
Published: June 2024

We argue it is important for everyone to possess basic scientific literacy for multiple reasons. Viewing oneself as a science person or not can impact one’s confidence and willingness to engage with science content thereby improving science literacy. Identifying as a science person may develop early but is not fixed and may shift through science identity work. We investigated science identity views between STEM (science, technology, engineering, and mathematics) and non-STEM majors and assessed whether these views may be influenced by science identity work. Our questions were as follows: (1) How does science identity perception differ between non-STEM and STEM majors? (2) How do non-STEM and STEM students’ perceptions of their science identity change over time? (3) How do non-STEM majors describe a science person compared to STEM majors? We surveyed first-year biology majors, senior biology majors, and non-STEM majors to address our research questions. We found significant shifts in science identity in non-STEM majors taking a general education lab science class pre-course and post-course, differences in agreement regarding science identity between groups, and differences in how a science person is defined among the groups. Our data suggest that instructors can scaffold and support students’ science identity work to increase confidence, STEM retention, and ultimately can improve overall scientific literacy.
Design of a Switching Strategy for Output Voltage Tracking Control in a DC-DC Buck Power Converter
Authors: Hernández-Márquez Eduardo , Cruz-Francisco Panuncio , Hernández-Castillo Eric , Martinez-Peón Dulce , Castro-Linares Rafael , García-Sánchez José Rafael , Roldán-Caballero Alfredo , Siordia-Vásquez Xóchitl , Valdivia-Corona Juan Carlos
Published: June 2024

This work proposes the design of a commutation function to solve the output voltage trajectory tracking problem in the DC-DC Buck power electronic converter. Through a Lyapunov-type analysis, sufficient conditions are established, taking into account the discontinuous model, to ensure asymptotic convergence to the desired trajectories. Based on this analysis, a state-dependent switching function was designed to guarantee the closed-loop stability of the tracking error. To validate the control performance, circuit numerical simulations were carried out under abrupt disturbances in the source and load of the converter. The results demonstrate that the voltage tracking at the output of the converter is satisfactorily achieved.
A Simple Scan Driver Circuit Suitable for Depletion-Mode Metal-Oxide Thin-Film Transistors in Active-Matrix Displays
Authors: You Yikyoung , Lim Junhyung , Son Kyoungseok , Kim Jaybum , Kim Youngoo , Lee Kyunghoe , Chung Kyunghoon , Park Keechan
Published: June 2024

Metal-oxide (MOx) thin-film transistors (TFTs) require complex circuit structures to cope with their depletion mode characteristics, making them applicable only to large-area active matrix (AM) displays despite their low manufacturing cost and decent performance. In this paper, we report a simple MOx 10T-2C scan driver circuit that overcomes the depletion mode characteristics using a series-connected two transistor (STT) configuration and clock signals with two kinds of low-voltage levels. The proposed circuit has a wide operating range of TFT characteristics, i.e., −2.8 V ≤ VTH ≤ +3.0 V. Through the measurement results of the manufactured sample, it was confirmed that the performance and area of our circuit are suitable for high-resolution mobile displays.
SPICE-Compatible Circuit Models of Multiports Described by Scattering Parameters with Arbitrary Reference Impedances
Authors: Nałęcz Marek
Published: June 2024

New SPICE-compatible circuit models of a multiport are presented here that are suitable for the frequency-domain and time-domain analyses of hybrid systems containing linear distributed elements and possibly non-linear lumped elements. Distributed elements models are based on scattering parameters with potentially complex reference impedances, which are not necessarily equal for all ports. Both exact and approximated (lumped) models are proposed. The scattering parameters are directly taken as the model element values in the former case. In the latter case, the model element values are equal to the real and imaginary parts of the poles and residues of the rational approximation. The models comprise a multiport (with an admittance matrix numerically equal to the modeled scattering matrix or approximating it) equipped with a pair of coupled impedances at each port. A few examples validate the proposed approach and prove its efficiency in terms of matrix size and analysis time compared to some selected commercial counterparts.
Privacy Essentials
Authors: Taylor James , Henriksen-Bulmer Jane , Yucel Cagatay
Published: June 2024

Following a series of legislative changes around privacy over the past 25 years, this study highlights data protection regulations and the complexities of applying these frameworks. To address this, we created a privacy framework to guide organisations in what steps they need to undertake to achieve compliance with the UK GDPR, highlighting the existing privacy frameworks for best practice and the requirements from the Information Commissioners Office. We applied our framework to a UK charity sector; to account for the specific nuances that working in a charity brings, we worked closely with local charities to understand their requirements, and interviewed privacy experts to develop a framework that is readily accessible and provides genuine value. Feeding the results into our privacy framework, a decision tree artefact has been developed for compliance. The artefact has been tested against black-box tests, System Usability Tests and UX Honeycomb tests. Results show that Privacy Essentials! provides the foundation of a data protection management framework and offers organisations the catalyst to start, enhance, or even validate a solid and effective data privacy programme.