bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Oral Fast Dissolving Films Containing Lyophilized Labetalol HCL with Hydroxy Propyl β-Cyclodextrin/ Soluplus: Formulation Development, In Vitro Evaluation
Authors: KULKARNI NILESH , Wakase Puja , Indore Pratiksha , Dhole Shashikant
Published: August 2022

Introduction: Labetalol HCL is an antihypertensive drug used to treat high blood pressure in the long term management of angina. Labetalol HCL is readily absorbed after oral administration. Labetalol HCl undergoes considerable hepatic first-pass metabolism due to its lipid-soluble nature. 

Objective: The drug has an absolute bioavailability of approximately 25%.  To overcome extensive hepatic first-pass metabolism the oral fast-dissolving film for labetalol HCL need to be developed.  Lyophilized inclusion complexes of Labetalol HCL were developed with the hydrophilic carrier as Soluplus a Polyvinyl acetate polyethene glycol graft copolymer and Hydroxy Propyl β-cyclodextrin.

Experimental: Lyophilized inclusion complexes of labetalol: Soluplus and labetalol HCL: HP-β-CD were prepared with 1:0.5 weight ratios. The prepared lyophilized inclusion complexes were evaluated for solubility estimation, drug content, and In-vitro dissolution study. 

Results: The prepared inclusion complexes were characterized by Fourier transforms infrared spectroscopy and differential scanning calorimetry. Characterization of the lyophilized complex showed changed crystallinity of labetalol HCL. The fast dissolving oral film of labetalol HCL was prepared by solvent casting method by adding film-forming polymer as HPMC K 4M/ PVA in different proportions and Propylene Glycol was used as a plasticizer. The prepared batches of films were evaluated for weight variation, tensile strength, folding, endurance, disintegration time, surface pH, and drug content uniformity. All formulations prepared among F5 and F 7 showed a better result as compared to other formulations. 

Conclusion:  The study confirms the use of a lyophilized product containing Soluplus is best as that of HP-βCD for the preparation of fast dissolving film with HPMC/ PVA as film forming agent and propylene glycol as plasticizer respectively to improve dissolution rate and oral bioavailability of Labetalol HCl.
Model Pembelajaran Blended Learning: Sebagai Strategi Dalam Meningkatkan Daya Tarik Peserta Didik Pada Mata Pelajaran Sejarah
Authors: Hari Naredi  , Ahmad Ruslan  , Lestari Anis Sanijan
Published: August 2022

Penulisan ini bertujuan untuk mendapati keefektivitasan digunakannya model pembelajaran blended learning pada mata pelajaran sejarah. Guna memberikan dampak positif terhadap daya tarik siswa pada pelajaran sejarah. Model pembelajaran blended learning adalah suatu model pembelajaran yang banyak diterapkan ketika pembelajaran daring dengan cara memadukan antara pembelajaran luring dan pembelajaran daring. Model pembelajaran blended learning ini sangat efisien dan dapat meningkatkan diskusi kelas serta banyak diterapkan diberbagai pembelajaran salah satunya dalam pembelajaran sejarah. WhatsApp, Google Classroom, Zoom dan Google Meet merupakan media yang digunakan dalam pembelajaran blended learning. Media-media tersebut memiliki tujuan sebagai penghubung dalam meningkatkan interaksi antara pendidik dengan peserta didik. Fokus utama dalam pembelajaran blended learning adalah peserta didik (Student centered) guru bukan sebagai sumber utama belajar melainkan hanya sebagai fasilitator peserta didik, sumber-sumber belajar dapat diakses dengan tanpa terbatas oleh siswa.
Community Empowerment Assistance Based on Tourism Potential in Cibiru Tourism Village
Authors: Astiana Rachmat , Titing Kartika  , Muhammad Iqbal Tawakal
Published: August 2022

Cibiru is one of the sub-districts in the east of the city of Bandung and located at the foot of Mount Manglayang, has been blessed with various kinds of extraordinary natural, cultural and craft resources. Natural wealth in the form of hilly areas, agricultural plantations and abundant water resources. Some areas have also been arranged in such a way by the relevant parties from what were originally in the form of shrubs to green open spaces and beautiful gardens which can also be used for tourism activities. In addition, this sub-district also has the largest arts and culture group in the city of Bandung, which maintains many traditions and cultures that have been passed down from generation to generation and maintains the typical arts of West Java such as Silat, Benjang, Reak and so on. Tourism activities in Cibiru have not been managed properly because there is no legal management to carry out tourism activities. In addition to the absence of mapping and packaging of tourism potential that is owned so that it does not yet have a selling value that can provide economic benefits for the surrounding community. This service activity is carried out as part of an effort to help empower the community so that all tourism potential that is owned can provide great value for the community. The activities carried out are in the form of tourism management training and workshop activities to identify superior tourism potential so that a mapping of tourism potential is obtained as outlined in a tourist map as well as making simple tour packages that can be used as basic capital in marketing tourism potential
Penertiban Administrasi Posyandu RW 5 Desa Mekarmanik Kecamatan Cimenyan Kabupaten Bandung Propinsi Jawa Barat
Authors: Rendi Pramuja  , Tharisa Putri Shafa  , Rafi Azkia Hendriazmi  , Anelka Oktaviandri  , Sarah Mulya  , Fanny Safitriani Sundara  , Hanim Wasifah
Published: August 2022

Posyandu memiliki peran penting dan strategis dalam memperluas jangkauan pelayanan kesehatan ibu dan anak. Disamping itu Posyandu adalah garda terdepan dalam mendeteksi dan intervensi dini pada tumbuh kembang anak balita melalui penimbangan dan pengukuran tinggi badan anak. Bahkan saat ini dengan adanya pandemic Covid 19 posyandu bertindak ujung tombak dalam pengendalian stunting. Dengan adanya posyandu pemerintah dapat memperluas jangkauan pelayanan kesehatan masyarakat terutama untuk ibu dan anak.  Untuk mendukung kinerja posyandu diperlukan Administrasi Posyandu yang memadai. Selama ini Sistem pencatatan dan pelaporan bersifat manual sehingga sering terjadi kesalahan atau ketidakakuratan data. Untuk perlu dilakukan perbaikan administrasi posyandu agar lebih teratur dan sistematis. Metode pelaksanaan kegiatan dilakukan dengan metode partisipatif yaitu kerja sama antara kader posyandu dengan mahasiswa KKN. Kegiatan diawali dengan sosialisasi dan diskusi interaktif antara kader dengan mahasiswa sehingga mendapat solusi bentuk format buku administasi posyandu yang memudahkan kader dalam melaksanakan tugasnya. Hasil dari kegiatan ini adalah administrasi posyandu yang dibuat dengan cara manual tetapi tetap rapi, teratur dan sistematis. Dengan adanya kegiatan ini kader-kader posyandu mendapat tambahan pengetahuan tentang bagaimana menyusun administrasi posyandu tertib dan memudahkan dalam bekerja
Post-radiation second malignant tumors after combined treatment of diseases of the upper respiratory tract. Literature review and description of clinical observations
Authors: Андреев Вячеслав , Акки Эрнест , Барышев Владимир , Севрюков Феликс , Полькин Вячеслав , Рожнов Виталий , Вдовина Светлана , Панкратов Владимир
Published: August 2022

The problem of the development of the second tumors after radiation therapy of malignant neoplasms has recently become quite relevant. However, there are no serious studies on this topic. A study of modern databases PubMed, Google Scholar, Scopus, RSCI showed that in 1908 first report on radiation-induced skin cancer was published. In 1948, criteria were formulated that allows us to speak about the radiation-induced nature of the second tumors that developed in the area of the radiation portals used for the irradiation of primary tumors. At the same time, the second tumors, as a rule, have the structure of sarcomas with a frequency of occurrence from 0.03 to 0.8%.
The aim of the work is to systematize and generalize the literature data and present our own clinical observations as well.
An analysis of the data at our disposal allows us to conclude that the timing of the onset of radiation-induced tumors ranges from 2 to 34 years. In this regard, the terms of observation of all patients who received both independent and pre- and postoperative radiation treatment should be constant throughout the life of the treated patients.
A Atuação do Ministério Público frente à Pandemia do Coronavírus numa Visão Ético Humanista para uma Fraternidade Universal
Authors: Bark Chede Mamedio , Moro Sergio Fernando , Portela Irene
Published: August 2022

O presente estudo, que utilizou, primordialmente, o método dedutivo com base em fontes bibliográficas, visa estabelecer uma discussão sobre a atuação do Ministério Público, frente a pandemia do Coronavírus, nesta doença que assola o Mundo, a partir de uma abordagem ético/humanista, visando uma fraternidade universal. Partiremos de uma análise epistemológica, acerca da ética e da moralidade, acenando com os ensinamentos dos gregos e do direito romano, ingressando no arcabouço de nosso texto constitucional, proposto sob a visão da atuação institucional do ente ministerial, e de sua responsabilização no âmbito social, frente aos problemas enfrentados em nível mundial no caso da Pandemia do Novo Coronavírus, visualizado por um enfoque fraterno universal. Sob a ótica doutrinária visualizaremos a questão da ética frente a nossa realidade social e econômica, procurando demonstrar que o fator da atuação ministerial não pode se resumir a uma visão meramente funcional, indo mais além, ou seja, com ingerência no campo econômico, social ambiental e cultural. Enfim, acenamos para uma discussão que possa desembocar numa visão ético humanista, pautada para colimarmos uma abordagem axiológica, nesta visão da moralidade pública, que deve se expandir num olhar da responsabilidade social do ente público, perante toda a sociedade, na procura de soluções, diante da pandemia do Coronavírus, em cujo comprometimento se espera de um verdadeiro Estado Democrático de Direito, nesta visão de fraternidade à nível mundial.
Compliance No Poder Judiciário: Considerações Práticas Sobre Programas de Cumprimento Normativo Aplicados Aos Tribunais de Justiça
Authors: Netto José Laurindo de Souza , Piaskoski Augusto Cesar , Garcel Adriane , Hippertt Karen Paiva , Séllos-Knoerr Viviane Coêlho de
Published: August 2022

O presente trabalho tem por objetivo expor e debater questões atinentes à implementação de programas de compliance no âmbito dos órgãos que integram a Administração Pública, notadamente aqueles que compõe o Poder Judiciário. Nesse sentido, buscaremos definir parâmetros práticos para a elaboração e implementação de programas de compliance nos tribunais de justiça, dividindo o  trabalho  em duas abordagens específicas: Em primeiro lugar, buscaremos expor conceitos introdutórios sobre compliance e sobre a utilização destes programas no Poder Judiciário. Após, buscaremos definir parâmetros práticos para o desenvolvimento destes programas dentro dos tribunais de justiça, vinculando às regras de Direito público vigentes  para  estes  órgãos  com  a  possibilidade   de  desenvolvimento de estruturas de autorregulação interna, antevendo a possibilidades de que os tribunais de justiça possam estabelecer políticas de integridade que nortearão às atividades desenvolvidas pelos servidores e colaboradores do Tribunal.
3-D Printing: Its Applications in Pediatric Dental Practice: A Review of Literature
Authors: Yashodhora Hazra  , Arathi Rao  , Suprabha BS
Published: August 2022

Background: Over the last few years, Three-dimensional (3-D) printing, and prototyping has gained popularitywithin medical and dental profession and among patients alike. 3-D printing is an additive manufacturingtechnique in which objects are formed by deposition of material layer by layer. 3-D printers are machines thatproduce representations of objects either planned with a CAD program or scanned with a 3-D scanner. Thisarticle highlights the evolution, benefits and application of 3-D printers in pediatric dentistry.
THE SUPREME COURT OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION AS THE HIGHEST LINK OF THE FEDERAL JUDICIAL SYSTEM: PROBLEMS
Authors: Чудин Георгий Николаевич
Published: August 2022

В настоящем исследовании анализируется проблематика Верховного Суда РФ.

This study analyzes the problems of the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation.
MONITORING OF RESERVOIR DEVELOPMENT, CONDITION AND OPERATION OF WELLS AND BOREHOLE EQUIPMENT
Authors: Деряев Аннагулы Реджепович
Published: August 2022

При одновременно раздельной эксплуатации (ОРЭ) двух горизонтов пласты разделяются друг от друга пакером. В скважину спускаются один или два ряда насосно-компрессорных труб, которые спускают параллельно или концентрично. Промысловый опыт эксплуатации двух пластов одной скважиной методом ОРЭ указывает на его высокую эффективность. В среднем на 30% сокращаются капитальные вложения и эксплуатационные затраты в сопоставлении с затратами на бурение и эксплуатацию месторождений самостоятельными сетками на каждый пласт.

When two horizons are operated separately at the same time, the layers are separated from each other by a packer. One or two rows of pumping and compressor pipes descend into the well, which are lowered in parallel or concentrically. The field experience of operating two layers with one well by the ORE method indicates its high efficiency. On average, capital investments and operating costs are reduced by 30% in comparison with the costs of drilling and operating fields with independent grids for each formation.
ASSESSMENT OF CRYPTOCURRENCY SECURITY IN MODERN ECONOMY
Authors: Гудакова Людмила Владимировна , Мороз Александр Евгеньевич
Published: August 2022

В исследовании оценивается безопасность криптовалюты в современной экономики. Анализ проводится на основе главных характеристик криптовалюты как типа цифрового финансового актива. В результате исследования обнаружено, что основной проблемой регулирования правоотношений в сфере цифровых транзакций является отсутствие законодательных норм и децентрализация.

The study evaluates the security of cryptocurrencies in the modern economy. The analysis is based on the main characteristics of cryptocurrency as a type of digital financial asset. As a result of the study, it was found that the main problem of regulating legal relations in the field of digital transactions is the lack of legislative norms and decentralization.
PROBLEMS OF THE PROSECUTOR'S PARTICIPATION IN COURT CASES ON THE PROTECTION OF THE RIGHTS AND LEGITIMATE INTERESTS OF MINORS
Authors: Шаталова Полина Вячеславовна , Чуракова Екатерина Николаевна
Published: August 2022

В статье рассматриваются основные проблемы, возникающие в процессе участия прокурора в судебных делах, предметом которых выступает защита прав и законных интересов несовершеннолетних, предложены возможные пути решения выявленных проблем.

The article examines the main problems arising in the process of the prosecutor's participation in court cases, the subject of which is the protection of the rights and legitimate interests of minors, suggests possible solutions to the identified problems.
MODERN ASPECTS OF ANTI-CRISIS FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT OF THE ENTERPRISE
Authors: Дзыгман Александр Сергеевич , Малыхин Евгений Валентинович , Кругляк Людмила Ивановна
Published: August 2022

В статье систематизированы основные финансовые показатели, позволяющие прогнозировать вероятность банкротства (финансово-экономической несостоятельности) предприятий и разрабатывать антикризисную стратегию их развития.

The article systematizes the main financial indicators that allow predicting the probability of bankruptcy (financial and economic insolvency) of enterprises and developing an anti-crisis strategy for their development.
DIGITAL TECHNOLOGIES IN THE MECHANISM OF RESOCIALIZATION OF CONVICTS
Authors: Марков Владимир Петрович
Published: August 2022

В условиях реформирования российской пенитенциарной системы проблема использования цифровых технологий в ресоциализации лиц, отбывших наказание, приобретает особую остроту. Проанализированы современные проблемы использования цифровых технологий осужденными. Систематизированы перспективные направления использования цифровых технологий в ресоциализации осужденных.

In the context of reforming the Russian penitentiary system, the problem of using digital technologies in the resocialization of persons who have served their sentences is becoming particularly acute. Modern problems of using digital technologies by convicts are analyzed. Systematized are promising areas for the use of digital technologies in the resocialization of convicts.
PRAGMALINGUISTIC FEATURES OF LINGUISTIC AND CULTURAL ADAPTATION OF THE USER OF THE GERMAN TEXTBOOK «AUSBLICK»
Authors: Кучеров Егор Дмитриевич
Published: August 2022

В статье анализируются прагмалингвистические основы процесса лингвокультурной адаптации пользователей учебника немецкого языка для иностранцев AusBlick.

The article analyzes the pragmalinguistic foundations of the process of linguistic and cultural adaptation of users of the German textbook for foreigners AusBlick.
HYDRODYNAMICS OF LIQUID LAMINAR FILM FLOW ALONG MESH PACKING
Authors: Тутанина Екатерина Михайловна , Степыкин Антон Викторович , Тарлаковская Елена Александровна
Published: August 2022

В статье приводятся уравнения распределения скорости по поверхности сетчатого элемента, при стекании жидкости в ламинарном режиме. Преобразование формул происходит на основе принятых допущений. Произведён анализ полученных уравнений и даны рекомендации к дальнейшему использованию.

The article presents the equations of the velocity distribution over the surface of the mesh element, when the liquid flows in the laminar mode. The transformation of formulas takes place on the basis of accepted assumptions. The obtained equations are analyzed and recommendations for further use are given.
Analisa dan Perancangan Aplikasi Layanan Pusat Panggilan
Authors: Husain Adam , Hartanto
Published: August 2022

Saat ini aplikasi layanan Pusat Panggilan telah menjadi bagian yang penting dalam manajemen hubungan pelanggan. Aplikasi ini memiliki peran sebagai antarmuka antara pelanggan dan perusahaan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisa dan merancang aplikasi layanan Pusat Panggilan berbasis web untuk meningkatkan kualitas dan efisiensi layanan di suatu Pusat Panggilan. Studi Kasus ini didasarkan pada suatu perusahaan yang berperan dalam menyediakan aplikasi layanan Pusat Panggilan yang dapat digunakan oleh Perusahaan yang memiliki mitra dengan jumlah pelanggan yang sangat banyak. Dengan mempertimbangkan beberapa masalah signifikan yang secara langsung mempengaruhi tingkat kepuasan pelanggan, maka adanya aplikasi layanan Pusat Panggilan ini diharapkan dapat mengatur jadwal agen untuk menghubungi pelanggan (klien) dan memfasilitasi penyelesaian masalah yang lebih baik dari masalah yang belum terselesaikan dalam jangka waktu tertentu serta menghasilkan berbagai jenis laporan untuk pihak manajemen dalam hal menilai kinerja para agen dan supervisor.
Temperature and chemical effects on the interfacial energy between a Ga–In–Sn eutectic liquid alloy and nanoscopic asperities
Authors: Han Yujin , Thebault Pierre-Marie , Audes Corentin , Wang Xuelin , Park Haiwoong , Jiang Jian-Zhong , Caron Arnaud
Published: August 2022

The interfacial energies between a eutectic Ga–In–Sn liquid alloy and single nanoscopic asperities of SiOx, Au, and PtSi have been determined in the temperature range between room temperature and 90 °C by atomic force spectroscopy. For all asperities used here, we find that the interfacial tension of the eutectic Ga–In–Sn liquid alloy is smaller than its free surface energy by a factor of two (for SiOx) to eight (for PtSi). Any significant oxide growth upon heating studied was not detected here, and the measured interfacial energies strongly depend on the chemistry of the asperities. We also observe a weak increase of the interfacial energy as a function of the temperature, which can be explained by the reactivity between SiOx and Ga and the occurrence of chemical segregation at the liquid alloy surface.
Facile and diastereoselective arylation of the privileged 1,4-dihydroisoquinolin-3(2H)-one scaffold
Authors: Dar’in Dmitry , Kantin Grigory , Bunev Alexander , Krasavin Mikhail
Published: August 2022

A practically convenient and streamlined protocol for the trans-diastereoselective introduction of an aryl substituent at position 4 of the 1,4-dihydroisoquinol-3-one (1,4-DHIQ) scaffold is presented. The protocol involves direct Regitz diazo transfer onto readily available 3(2H)-isoquinolones followed by TfOH-promoted hydroarylation by an arene molecule. Screening of the novel 1,2,4-trisubstituted 1,4-DHIQs against cancer cell lines confirmed high cytotoxicity of selected analogs, which validates this new chemotype for further investigations as anticancer cytotoxic agents.
KEMAMPUAN KOMUNIKASI INTERPERSONAL SISWA
Authors: Yaniasti Ni Luh
Published: August 2022

Komunikasi merupakan salah satu aspek yang penting dalam kehidupan manusia. Setiap individu tidak akan lepas dari kegiatan komunikasi, khusunya komunikasi interpersonal dengan individu lain. Komunikasi interpersonal merupakan komunikasi yang dilakukan secara tatap muka, yang memungkinkan setiap individu mampu memaknai reaksi orang lain secara langsung. Adanya perubahan yang dinamis, menyebabkan siswa sebagai remaja rentan untuk menghadapi permasalahan yang cukup kompleks. Siswa mencari bantuan untuk penyelesaian masalahnya pada teman sebayanya. Adanya siswa bermasalah yang berkonsultasi pada temannya, dapat memberikan efek positif namun bisa juga memberikan efek negatif. Untuk mengatasi hal tersebut perlu dikembangkan model layanan bimbingan dan konseling yang mampu melayani siswa serta meningkatkan komunikasi interpersonal siswa. Salah satu yang dapat dikembangkan adalah konseling sebaya. Pengembangan konseling sebaya diprediksi dapat menjadi alternatif solusi permasalahan yang sering dihadapi oleh siswa khususnya remaja. Langkah yang dapat ditempuh dalam upaya pengembangan kemampuan komunikasi interpersonal melalui peer counseling yaitu meliputi pemilihan calon ―konselor sebaya, pembekalan calon ―konselor sebaya dan pengorganisasian pelaksanaan konseling sebaya.
CYBER COUNSELING BERBASIS COGNTIVE BEHAVIORAL
Authors: Setiawan Gede Danu
Published: August 2022

Pada masa revolusi industry 4.0 internet menjadi bagian kehidupan masyarakat modern, termasuk siswa. Media internet digunakan oleh para siswa untuk berkomunikasi, mencari sumber belajar, bermain, menonton video, youtube, mendengarkan musik, bisnis, dan lain sebagainya. Media tersebut mudah digunakan, memiliki asas kerahasiaan, praktis, dan dapat diakses dari mana saja, bahkan dapat diaplikasikan dalam layanan bimbingan dan konseling. Teramati terdapat kendala di sekolah yaitu keterbatasan waktu konselor dalam memberikan layanan konseling, sedangkan beban belajar siswa sangat padat, sehingga mereka kurang mendapat pelayanan konseling secara face to face. Oleh karena itu layanan konseling online atau disebut cybercounseling menjadi pilihan utama konselor sekolah. Model konseling yang dipilih di antaranya Konseling Kognitif Perilaku atau disebut dengan Cognituive Behavioral.
MENGELOLA SISWA DENGAN KESULITAN BELAJAR MENULIS (DISGRAFIA)
Authors: Dewi Kadek Yati Fitria
Published: August 2022

Gangguan Belajar (Learning Disorder) adalah suatu gangguan neurologis yang mempengaruhi kemampuan untuk menerima, memproses, menganalisis atau menyimpan informasi. Salah satu gangguan belajar tersebut adalah kesulitan belajar menulis (disgrafia). Anak dengan disgrafia mungkin mempunyai tingkat intelegensia yang sama atau bahkan lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan teman sebayanya, tetapi sering berjuang untuk belajar secepat orang di sekitar mereka. Disgrafia adalah kesulitan khusus dimana anak – anak tidak bisa menuliskan atau mengekspresikan pikirannya kedalam bentuk tulisan, karena mereka tidak bisa menyusun kata dengan baik dan mengkoordinasikan motorik halusnya (tangan) untuk menulis. Secara spesifik penyebab disgrafia tidak diketahui secara pasti, namun apabila disgrafia terjadi secara tiba – tiba pada anak maupun orang yang telah dewasa maka diduga disgrafia disebabkan oleh trauma kepala entah karena kecelakaan, penyakit, dan seterusnya. Disamping itu para ahli juga menemukan bahwa anak dengan gejala disgrafia terkadang mempunyai anggota keluarga yang memiliki gejala serup.
Influence of the Secondary Arc on the Operation of Single Phase Autoreclosure of the 400 kV interconnection between Hungary and Croatia
Authors: L. Prikler  , G. Bán  , M. Kizilcay  , G. Tari  , A. Tombor  , J. Zerenyi
Published: August 2022

Sažetak: Faults on EHV lines are generally single-phase-to-ground ones and not permanent in the majority of cases. Thus single phase auto reclosure (SPAR), at which the faulty phases are tripped for a short time, eliminates the predominant part of the faults [1,2]. The secondary arc, which follows the high power arc after tripping the faulty phases at both side of the line may endanger the successfulness of reclosing if the duration of the switched off interval (dead time) is not long enough to ensure the extinction of the arc. The secondary arcing times recorded on different EHV lines or measured in laboratory tests show significant spread, consequently, to select a dead time according to the longest experimental secondary arc extinction time is not feasible. During commissioning of the double circuit 420 kV interconnection between Hungary and Croatia several staged faults were initiated to analyze the arc extinction performance. Initially the line was in operation by connecting the two circuits in parallel along the 1/3rd of the full length. In this configuration the longest secondary arc extinction time was 4 seconds and the secondary arc has not extinguished in 27s in one of the tests, so the line had to be tripped out to clear the staged fault. Later on, the length of the Croatian section of the line has been significantly shortened after putting a new substation into service. The increased performance of SPAR of the new arrangement has been proved with field tests. A realistic representation of the secondary arcs is essential in determining the auto-reclosure performance of EHV transmission lines. As shown in the paper, the random variation of the arc parameters influences significantly the arc extinction time. The results of the field tests confirmed the importance of the distributed nature of the transmission line and the nonlinear characteristic of the arc resistance in the intermittent region of arcing, where temporary extinctions and sudden re-ignitions in the arc channel produce transient wave processes along the line.
Electromagnetic compatibility in various kinds of substations in Croatian transmission networks and mitigation measures
Authors: Srećko Bojić  , A. Sekso Telento  , I. Dolić
Published: August 2022

In the last two decades have been studied the conditions of electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) in different kind of substations in transmission networks of Croatia. Investigations have been done by measuring method using special measuring technique and also by computing simulations. In this paper will be shown conditions of EMC which have been studied by measuring method during normal or fault switching operations of disconnectors and circuit breakers. Conditions of EMC with particular stress on transient voltages in secondary circuits within various kind of transmission network objects have been carefully studied (AIS, GIS, old and new substation design type, rated voltages from 110 kV to 400 kV). In the paper will be given the review of some main data from those investigations made in the long period of time. Then main findings will be given and the differences in EMC conditions will be shown taking into account various parameters such as: design details of substations (distances, cable types, protective measures etc.). Also, it will be given a review of measuring methods and tools (oscilloscopes with low and deep acquisition memory, statistical tools for data processing, etc.). Generally, it was shown that overvoltatges in secondary equipment follows normal or Gaussian statistical distribution from which some typical data have been taken, such as 98% - probability values etc. Consequently, different kind of the mitigation measures have been proposed in cases of high overvoltages in secondary circuits. Typically, changes in earthing systems, in cable sheets connections etc. have been proposed to utilities. All proposed measures have been tested by measuring methods too and the effects have been very satisfactory in ensuring EMC conditions within substations. Some most interesting ways in reducing high level of TEVR in GIS substations will be shown in pictures. Given results and effects of mitigation measures in Croatian transmission network substations clearly show that the best method is experimental investigation which usually was followed by some necessary mitigation measures which ensure the conditions of EMC within substations according to international standards and recommendations.
Discussion on the Interaction between Transformers and the Power Systems
Authors: Guilherme Sarcinelli Luz
Published: August 2022

A general increase in transformer dielectric failures in the Brazilian transmission system, some of them with no specific causes, motivated the start up of a Cigré Joint Working Group JWG A2/C4–03 Electrical Transient Interaction between Transformers and the Power System. This group has been gathered to assess and discuss the different types of electrical transient interaction between transformers and other components of the T&D power system that could explain some of these failures. The main focus of the JWG is to pursue an improvement of the system reliability based on recommendations regarding the electrical transient interaction between transformers and the power system. This takes into account the necessity of detailed transient studies looking for an upgrade in equipment specifications, system planning and operation criteria. The working group started its activities in May 2005 and is composed of around 30 members, representing utilities, research center, manufacturers, universities and the national grid system operator. The objective of this paper is to present the work that has been carried out so far by the JWG including the main discussions and the conclusions already reached.
At the Edge of Voltage Collapse in Slovenian Power System After Outage of NPP Krško and 400 kV Node Tumbri
Authors: Milan Stojsavljević  , D. Nemec  , I. Toljan
Published: August 2022

A major disturbance that resulted in the tripping of the 400 kV line Tumbri (HR) – Hévíz (H) and the entire 400 kV node Tumbri in the Croatian system occurred on 27 August 2003 and almost led to a voltage collapse in that area. The disturbance was initiated by an accidental outage of a generator at NPP Krško (SLO) due to a human error during regular maintenance work. Its further development was the consequence of a hidden fault of the numeric protection at the 400 kV switchyard Tumbri. In the specific system operating conditions (network configuration and generator scheduling) at that moment, the systems of Slovenia and Austria in the central part of the UCTE system were brought near voltage collapse. At the same time the operational security level of the power systems of Croatia and BiH, then at the perimeter of the UCTE system, was also decreased. The sequence of events is described and discussed in the paper. Recordings of frequency and active power in representative transmission lines, taken at NDC Zagreb, are also given. A simulation analysis was performed first for the real disturbance scenario and then for the hypothetical scenario in which there was no failure of the protection at Tumbri substation and consequently the 400 kV node Tumbri would have remained in operation. The simulations showed that the loss of a NPP Krško generator would have only a local impact and would be barely noticeable at the UCTE level had the 400 kV node Tumbri remained in operation. Simulation results are in accordance with information obtained from the Slovenian power system where severely depressed voltages were recorded, particularly in the area around NPP Krško. It was also observed that the Slovenian system was acting as a reactive power sink while active power was flowing in the opposite direction, i.e. towards Croatia. Assessment of Croatian system security during the disturbance with respect to voltage stability, frequency and angle stability and congestion criteria was done on the basis of measurements and simulation results. The conclusion was that Croatian system security with respect to all the above mentioned criteria was preserved but it must be stressed that the initial system operating conditions were rather favorable from the stability point of view.
DECREASING BACKFLASHOVER NUMBERS ON MEDIUM VOLTAGE OVERHEAD LINES LOCATED IN REGIONS WITH HIGH SOIL RESISTIVITY
Authors: Davor Mišković  , Ivo Uglešić
Published: August 2022

The possibility of decreasing backflashover numbers on medium voltage overhead lines located in regions with high soil resistivity has been analyzed in this paper. Until now, activities in this field of protecting overhead lines have been limited by existing surge protection equipment and possibilities of grounding systems. The possibility of using chemical rods for getting better ground resistance and introducing metal oxide surge arresters like line arresters alongside the medium voltage overhead lines is analyzed here. The idea of this paper is based on facts that metal oxide surge arresters have become very high quality products with low prices, and so many important experiences in using them like line arresters exist in the world; and we, in Croatia, have a 10-year-old experience in using chemical rods like part of grounding system. The paper treats the problems of backflashover on medium voltage overhead lines, chemical rods working principles and ways of designing grounding systems like this. Finally the techno – economic analysis of using chemical rods and metal oxide surge arresters possibilities has been made, with determining justifiability criteria of using them. In the conclusion, comparison with knowledge until now has been made, as well as a suggestion for future use.
Line Arrester Application on a 110 kV High Alpine Overhead Line to reduce Lightning-Caused Outages
Authors: T. Judendorfer  , S. Pack  , M. Muhr
Published: August 2022

This contribution discusses a project, which aims to increase the reliability in an existing 110 kV overhead transmission network by taking measures addressing lightning and grounding issues. Due to the fault statistic in the past, a single overhead line was identified as a main reason for the lightning-caused outages in the area. In this work a number of possibilities for the reduction of lightning-caused outages are discussed and the measures taken in the network are described. All considerations took the special geographical situation of 2300 meter above sea level, the grounding resistance of up to 1200 Ohm and the local lightning activity of more than 6 lightning strikes per km² and year into account (4 to 5 times higher than in other Austrian regions). An analytical process was carried out to evaluate relevant parameters and to develop a concept of practical measures. Within these evaluations, the footing resistance, the effectiveness of the shielding angle of the shielding wires and the line arrester locations were analyzed. A multiplicity of numerical calculations were performed to assess the application of surge arresters regarding the insulation coordination for the system. To improve the line performance and to decrease the line outage rate, a number of practical measures were applied to the 110 kV line. In the past, the double three phase systems of the 110 kV overhead line was constructional converted into one active single three phase system with two additional earth wires. According to the numerical results, 18 surge arresters have been installed in a line section of 9 towers, located in a high alpine part and in an area of high lightning activity. Three years of field experiences have shown that the theoretical investigations and the practical measures led to a significant decrease of lightning caused outages. In the year 2007 a new project was started to evaluate a reconstruction of the line into the original double three phase system. New numerical calculation routines were made to apply line arresters at this important 110 kV system in an Austrian extreme mountain region. Based on this results, a new application of line arresters and the constructional change of the system is planned.
Discurso sobre la Amazonía de la selva central. El caso de Las mariposas blancas de José T. Torres Lara (1898)
Authors: Laya Alcedo Ana Esther
Published: August 2022

En este artículo se analiza el discurso sobre la Amazonía de la Selva Central expuesto por el militar y escritor peruano José T. Torres Lara en Las mariposas blancas. En este diario de viaje novelado, publicado en Lima en 1898, se describen las experiencias de la Expedición Jessup, comisionada por el gobierno peruano a seguir la Vía Central para contener el levantamiento federalista surgido en Loreto y para probar la factibilidad de dicho camino en 1896. En este relato subyacen reflexiones bajo una visión positivista, darwinista social y progresista sobre la naturaleza, la cultura y los habitantes amazónicos. Torres Lara, letrado de la Reconstrucción Nacional y República Aristocrática, entiende como necesidad imperiosa la articulación eficiente del territorio de frontera interna, así como la «domesticación» de la población indígena, reafirmando viejos tópicos de lejanía, exotismo y extrañeza.
Simulasi Deteksi Golongan Kendaraan pada Gerbang Tol Menggunakan YOLOv4
Authors: Taufiq Reny Medikawati , Sunanto  , Rizki Yoze , Pratama M. Rizki Amanda
Published: August 2022

Jalan tol merupakan infrastruktur vital yang  membuat pelayanan distribusi barang dan jasa menjadi lebih produktif dan efisien. Namun pada kenyataannya, di kota besar tingginya kemacetan juga terjadi di jalan tol. Salah satu titik rawan kemacetan adalah di gerbang tol. Kemacetan ini tidak hanya terjadi pada jam sibuk, tetapi juga  terjadi sepanjang hari. Kemacetan disebabkan waktu tunggu pada proses pembayaran. Kemacetan yang terjadi di Gerbang Tol Otomatis (GTO) Multi Kendaraan salah satunya disebabkan oleh adanya proses penentuan golongan kendaraan secara manual oleh petugas pada control room. Kendaraan yang menggunakan jalan tol digolongkan kedalam 5 golongan berdasarkan jumlah gandar. Petugas melihat satu persatu kendaraan yang melintas dan menentukan golongan kendaraan tersebut, biaya tol yang harus dibayar oleh pengguna jalan tol adalah bedasarkan golongan kendaraan yang digunakan.

Kemacetan pada  jalan tol menimbulkan dampak negatif seperti seperti pemborosan bahan bakar dan waktu, dan juga dampak lingkungan yang dapat menyebabkan kerugian secara ekonomi. Oleh sebab itu, pada penelitian ini akan dilakukan simulasi deteksi golongan kendaraan pada gerbang tol dengan menggunakan teknologi computer vision dan deep learning, dengan algoritma Yolov4. Dengan adanya pendeteksian golongan kendaraan secara otomatis maka diharapkan waktu tunggu pada gerbang tol dapat memenuhi Standar Pelayanan Minimal (SPM) Jalan Tol yaitu maksimal 5 detik. Dataset berupa 650 gambar golongan kendaraan, setelah di augmentasi menjadi 1547 gambar. Proses training dilakukan menggunakan Google Colabs. Video rekaman lalu lintas kendaraan yang sedang berjalan akan menjadi inputan pada pengujian implementasi aplikasi Python. Dari pengujian yang telah dilakukan dapat dilihat bahwa model sudah dapat mendeteksi golongan kendaraan dengan baik.
Biochemical and Histopathological Investigation of the Protective Effect of Lutein in Rat Kidney Exposed to Cisplatin
Authors: BİLGİÇ Sedat , GÜR Fatih Mehmet , AKTAŞ İbrahim
Published: August 2022

Aim: The aim of this study was to determine the protection of lutein (L) (100 mg/kg, orally) against kidney damage caused by cisplatin (Cis) (10mg/kg, intraperitoneal).

Materials and Methods: Twenty-eight rats aged 8 weeks were used and divided into four equal groups (n=7): Control, L, Cis, and Cis + L.

Results: As a result of biochemical findings, serum Cr and BUN levels of the Cis group were significantly increased compared to the control group (p
Sleep Habits and Changes in Pregnant Women
Authors: GÜNDOĞDU Nevhiz , ÖZKAPLAN Esra , GUNEL KARADENİZ Pinar
Published: August 2022

Aim: The aim of this study is to evaluate pregnant women admitted to the outpatient clinic in terms of sleep apnea risk and sleep quality.

Materials and Method: 31 women were included in this retrospective descriptive study which were conducted at Obstetrics and Gynecology Outpatient Clinic of the Hospital, between January 2016 and January 2017. Demographic characteristics, results of sleep questionnaires, pulmonary function test values, and information about delivery of the patients were obtained retrospectively for the 8th week and last trimester.

Results: The mean sleep time was 7.9±1.3 hours at 8th week and 7.3±2.0 hours at last trimester; with no significant difference in two periods (p=0.077). According to sleep questionnaires there was no statistically significant difference between 8th week and the last trimester (p>0.05), except Stanford Sleepiness Scale score (p=0.047). There was no significant difference according to pulmonary function test values between 8th week and last trimester (p>0.05), there was a statistical difference between two periods only in terms of FEV1% (p=0.047). No significant difference was found between the mean birth weight of babies of 13 pregnant women with poor sleep quality and mean birth weight of babies of 18 pregnant women with good sleep quality (p=0.565).

Conclusion: As a result, in our study, nearly half of the pregnant women had impaired sleep quality in the last trimester according to the Pittsburg Sleep Quality Index, but birth weight was not affected in pregnant women with poor sleep quality. Sleep quality, the presence of OSAS in pregnancy and its relationship with pregnancy and postpartum complications are not clear, OSAS pregnancy studies should be performed especially involving complicated pregnancies.
“Proverbs are the Wisdom of the Streets”: A Pragma-Stylistic Analysis of Proverbs in Kemi Adetiba’s King of Boys Movie Franchise
Authors: Okyeso Yeboah Philomena Ama , Gyimah Manu James , Freitas Philip Kwame
Published: August 2022

Various genres of literature within the African context have over the years portrayed and highlighted African cultures and traditions. One effective tool that has been used in the full realization of this has been the use of proverbs. The present study set out to examine how proverbs are used in Kemi Adetiba’s popular movie franchise, King of Boys, from the pragma-stylistic perspective. The paper opines that proverbs are not used arbitrarily by screenwriters, but are specifically used, through various figures of speech, to offer caution, warning or advice, assert one’s authority and power, and show one’s intent to achieve a goal. This study extends knowledge in the study of proverbs and presents language use in movies as a rich avenue in the promotion of knowledge in African societies.

Keywords: Proverb, Pragmatics, Stylistics, Pragma-stylistics.
NOISE IN INDONESIAN URBAN AREAS: RULES AND FACTS
Authors: Mediastika Christina E. , Sudarsono Anugrah S. , Utami Sentagi S. , Fitri Isnen , Drastiani Rizka , Winandari M. I. Ririk , Rahman Akbar , Kusno Asniawaty , Mustika N. W. Meidayanti , Mberu Yuliana B. , Yanti Ressy J. , Rachman Zulfi A.
Published: August 2022

Irresponsible noise management by the concerned authorities and society’s indifference has made noise in Indonesian urban areas a nightmare. The current noise regulation in Indonesia, which define 55 dB(A) as the lowest permissible noise level generated in residential areas, is outdated. This study investigates how urban communities reacted to the implementation of this outdated regulation. Data was collected by searching online open sources for noise-related keywords used in public complaints, court cases, authority campaigns, etc. The collected data was then plotted in an Excel sheet to create a modest statistical trend, and the detailed information on how the government and court ruled the case was treated as a transcript to be analysed qualitatively. The study results are to be compared and discussed with noise facts of those in more advanced countries. The discussion shows that the noise case in Indonesia is significantly minor compared to other countries with similar populations. Noisemakers were reported to have won in 44% of noise complaints that went to court. This may be the reason for the Indonesians’ apathy toward the settlement of noise-related complaints by the city government and the fairness of tribunal processes.
Solar Coronal Mass Ejections Plasma Diagnostics Expressed as Potential Stellar CME Signatures
Authors: Wilson Maurice L. , Raymond John C.
Published: August 2022

Solar coronal mass ejections (CMEs) have a strong association with solar flares that is not fully understood. This characteristic of our Sun’s magnetic activity may also occur on other stars, but the lack of successfully detected stellar CMEs makes it difficult to perform statistical studies that might show a similar association between CMEs and flares. Because of the potentially strong association, the search for stellar CMEs often starts with a successful search for superflares on magnetically active stars. Regardless of the flare’s presence, we emphasize the utility of searching for CME-specific spectroscopic signatures when attempting to find and confirm stellar CME candidates. We use solar CMEs as examples of why a multitude of ultraviolet emission lines, when detected simultaneously, can substantially improve the credibility of spectroscopically discovered stellar CME candidates. We make predictions on how bright CME-related emission lines can be if they are derived from distant stars. We recommend the use of three emission lines in particular (C iv 1550 Å, O vi 1032 Å, and C iii 977 Å) due to their potentially bright signal and convenient diagnostic capabilities that can be used to confirm if an observational signature truly derives from a stellar CME.
Reduced Variations in Earth’s and Mars’ Orbital Inclination and Earth’s Obliquity from 58 to 48 Myr ago due to Solar System Chaos
Authors: Zeebe Richard E.
Published: August 2022

The dynamical evolution of the solar system is chaotic with a Lyapunov time of only ∼5 Myr for the inner planets. Due to the chaos it is fundamentally impossible to accurately predict the solar system’s orbital evolution beyond ∼50 Myr based on present astronomical observations. We have recently developed a method to overcome the problem by using the geologic record to constrain astronomical solutions in the past. Our resulting optimal astronomical solution (called ZB18a) shows exceptional agreement with the geologic record to ∼58 Ma (Myr ago) and a characteristic resonance transition around 50 Ma. Here we show that ZB18a and integration of Earth’s and Mars’ spin vector based on ZB18a yield reduced variations in Earth’s and Mars’ orbital inclination and Earth’s obliquity (axial tilt) from ∼58 to ∼48 Ma—the latter being consistent with paleoclimate records. The changes in the obliquities have important implications for the climate histories of Earth and Mars. We provide a detailed analysis of solar system frequencies (gandsmodes) and show that the shifts in the variation in Earth’s and Mars’ orbital inclination and obliquity around 48 Ma are associated with the resonance transition and caused by changes in the contributions to the superposition ofsmodes, plusg–smode interactions in the inner solar system. Theg–smode interactions and the resonance transition (consistent with geologic data) are unequivocal manifestations of chaos. Dynamical chaos in the solar system hence not only affects its orbital properties but also the long-term evolution of planetary climate through eccentricity and the link between inclination and axial tilt.