bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
High Pressure Gas-Lift: Is Industry Missing a Potentially Huge Application to Horizontal Wells?
Authors: Elmer D. , Elmer W. , Harms L.
Published: October 2017

Traditional gas-lift technology blossomed between 1929 and 1945, with about 25000 patents being issued during this time (Wikipedia 2017). Minimal innovation other than improved materials has been realized since then, with gas-lift in the 1000 psig injection pressure range being the norm onshore. The case for high pressure gas-lift to eliminate the need for problematic gas-lift valves is made, as technology and conditions exist to implement it now, as has been done offshore.

The concept of High Pressure Gas-lift (herein after referred to as HPGL), as discussed in SPE 14347 (Dickens 1988), has two potential onshore applications. First, total elimination of gas-lift valves in horizontal wells with sub-7000 psi BHP's. This is feasible due to improvements in compressor technology created to support CNG fuel, and elevated casing pressure ratings necessitated by hydraulic fracturing requirements. A second application is replacing failure-prone submersible lift as the initial form of artificial lift in horizontal oil wells by reversing flow with high rate, high pressure gas-lift.

The case for eliminating failure-prone gas-lift valves is self-evident. However, the case for the second application will be proffered. Conventional gas-lift, while recognized as excellent for producing high volumes of solids- laden fluid from deviated wells, underperforms ESP's in new horizontal oil wells due to frictional losses associated with high tubing flowrates. The case will be made that SPGL combined with reverse flow mitigates the frictional losses associated with high flowrates. Similar to a coil tubing cleanout using high pressure nitrogen, high pressure natural gas can lift large volumes of fluid without the need for gas-lift valves.

Technology and products for HPGL currently exist. Multiple compressor designs will be summarized to show that only one additional stage of compression is needed to support HPGL, with three and four stage designs being capable of performing the task. The recommendation will be made that HPGL compressors be assembled from readily available components, and that multiple pilot tests be made by industry. The importance of maintaining temperatures through the compression process high enough to prevent hydrocarbon condensation will also be explained.
A Conceptual Shale Gas Model Validated by Pressure and Rate Data From the Haynesville Shale
Authors: Marsden J. , Kostyleva I. , Fassihi M. R. , Gringarten A. C.
Published: October 2017

This paper presents a conceptual model of the Haynesville Shale which matches dynamic pressure behaviors over periods of 2 to 5 years of all 20 wells investigated. It assumes three stages of productivity deterioration, with matrix permeability declining first, followed by decreasing fracture conductivities and the onset of pseudo-skin effects which increase linearly with time.

The shale reservoir is simulated as a two-zone repetitive element, consisting of a fractured zone in contact with the wellbore and surrounded by a matrix zone representing the rock unaffected by fracturing. The two zones have different initial permeabilities and permeability-pressure relationships. The permeability-pressure function for the matrix is obtained from laboratory measurements and is the same for all wells. That for the fractured zone is determined by history matching and is well-specific.

The matrix permeability decreases as soon as its pore pressure begins to fall whereas the decline of the fractured zone permeability only starts below a threshold pressure, and at a time which corresponds to a distinctive behavior on a normalised rate versus cumulative production plot. As the bottomhole pressure decreases further, matching between simulated and observed data requires the introduction of a pseudo-skin factor increasing linearly with time, which could correspond to the effective fractured zone becoming smaller as the pressure declines.
Rheology, Regain Fracture Conductivity and Viscous Fingering Phenomenon for Proppant Suspension in CMC Hydraulic Fracturing Fluid
Authors: Aliu Abdulmumin Omeiza
Published: October 2017

In this current work, an unconventional fracture fluid was analysed for its rheological properties, ability to have relatively higher regain fracture conductivity after clean-up from proppant pack and ability to suspend and transport proppants to the fracture. The fracture fluid uses sodium carboxy methyl cellulose (Na-CMC) as thickener and zirconium based compound was adopted as crosslinker. This work attempts to expand on previous work done on CMC fracture fluids and results presented are completely experimental.

The crosslinked Na-CMC gel was found to have a better viscosity compared to the conventionally used guar gels made from the hydroxyl propyl guar (HPG) thickener. It was also found that CMC was able to withstand considerable viscosity at elevated temperature of about 90 degrees Celsius. Images from the Scanning electron microscope (SEM.) showed that CMC's microscopic structure with strong connected bonding was responsible for its enhanced viscosity. The fracture conductivity in pack with broken CMC fluid was found to have higher regain percentage when tested using API RR 61 cell procedure. The high residue produced in boken HPG fluid was found to be highly responsible for lower regained fracture conductivity in the proppant pack. SEM structural image analysis of the proppant versus CMC interaction may also be a responsible factor for its enhanced conductivity when compared to HPG. The alternate slug fracturing method was adapted to the CMC fluid using a fluid mobility ratio of 150-200 and success was achieved to a reasonable extent.

The overall result implies that CMC fracture fluid could be an effective substitute for guar based fracture fluid based on the improved rheology, better regain fracture conductivity and excellent proppant suspension ability of the CMC when compared the conventional guar based fluids.
Geochemical Modeling of the Interplay Between Potential Determining Ions During Brine-Dependent Recovery in Carbonate Rocks
Authors: Awolayo Adedapo
Published: October 2017

Brine-dependent oil recovery in carbonate rocks has developed into an active area of research in the past two decades. It is well documented in the literature that wettability of carbonate rocks is altered due to desorption of oil acid groups from rock surfaces by the adsorbed sulfate, while the divalent cations co-adsorbed to maintain the surface charge balance as well as to reverse the oil-surface charge. Though the symbiotic interaction between active ions (Ca2+, Mg2+, and SO42−) and the rock surface has been established but how they systematically interplay at different conditions have not been well explored and available data seems inconsistent. In the present work, we develop a reactive transport model that includes various reaction sets like aqueous reactions, mineral reactions in terms of precipitation and dissolution, and surface sorption reactions in terms of adsorption and ion exchange to investigate and discuss the affinity of these active ions toward the rock surface. The important thermodynamic properties were obtained by using the model to interpret single-phase experiments. The model results were in remarkable agreement with the produced ion histories reported from the single-phase experiments. There were delays observed in the produced active ion concentrations because of retention at the rock surface. For two-phase experiments, the model excellently replicated the produced ion histories and oil recoveries obtained during various brines injections, using the same thermodynamic parameters. Although, the ion transports are impacted by the presence of oil because of reduced surface area accessible to the active ions. The established thermodynamic parameter can be applied to predict various brine-dependent recovery processes in different carbonate lithology as no significant difference was observed for the interplay between active ions and either chalk or limestone rocks.
An Investigation on Qualitative Analysis of Hydraulic Fracture Simulation for Field Development Planning
Authors: Bhore Niranjan
Published: October 2017

Hydraulic fracture simulation in a variety of methods is being undertaken to better describe the stimulated reservoir in a commercial full field reservoir simulator. Studies so far suggest that the reliable evaluation of the stimulation performance is critical for field development planning. Therefore, pressure transient studies, near wellbore simulation techniques, variety of gridding techniques, LGR, cross platform tools, equivalent effective wellbore radius concept, etc. are being incorporated in simulating hydraulically fractured reservoirs.

The objective of this paper involves in presenting a critical review of the LGR and PeBi techniques utilized by the industry for dynamic modelling and simulation of the hydraulically fractured wells. One of the most critical issues in simulation studies is saving run time, in order to achieve this feat, many different methods as mentioned above have been incorporated till date in the industry. Optimizing the hydraulic fracture model, to save run time, trial and error method has been utilized. A tight reservoir model is used to incorporate sensitivities in gridding techniques and well placement.
Is Waterflooding the Clearfork Viable? Using Reservoir Simulation and Analog Data to Overcome High Uncertainty
Authors: Edwards Sara
Published: October 2017

Potentially generating an estimated $1.3 million in net present value, a proposed pilot waterflood in the Permian Basin of West Texas was determined to be technically and economically viable by using a reservoir model and analog data. Located in Winkler County, the lease has produced conventionally from various formations since its discovery in 1944. Primary production from the prospective waterflood interval, the Clearfork, began in 1994, and the daily oil rate has since declined 95%. At the current decline rate, commodity price, and operating expenditure, the lease is expected to become uneconomic by Spring 2017.

An analysis was conducted to determine the technical and economic viability of implementing a waterflood of the Clearfork formation to extend the life of the lease. A reservoir model of the field was created and history matched to validate reliability before predicting reservoir response to the pilot waterflood.

A secondary independent analysis used an offset operator's Clearfork waterflood as an analog to generate a production forecast using dimensionless curves, and the results confirmed the numerical model forecast. The predicted reservoir response using both methods revealed that implementing this project would result in over 40 MBO net reserves per producer. Economic analysis indicated that the project would be viable at $51/bbl oil price.
Investigation of the Optimum Production Strategies for the Economic Recovery of Gas Condensate Reservoirs with Different Aquifer Strength
Authors: Fawzy Farah
Published: October 2017

Gas condensate reservoirs are characterized by the surface production of both natural gas and light oil which is called condensate. The economic value added in the recovery of the gas condensate reservoirs makes key considerations in developing optimized production strategies for optimum oil recovery. Oil recovery from gas condensate reservoirs can be enhanced by maintaining the reservoir pressure above the due point pressure. This paper investigates the effect of varying the production rates on oil and gas recoveries from a gas condensate reservoir in the presecmce of a water aquifer with varying strength. The paper concludes production guidelines for the economic recovery of gas condensate reservoirs in the presence of a strong and a weak water aquifer.
Impact of Reservoir Mixing on Surfactant Slug Size Optimization
Authors: Galimberti Evan
Published: October 2017

Surfactant flooding is a common enhanced oil recovery technique that has been researched for its scientific potential, but inhibited by its economics. This method relies on greatly reducing interfacial tensions between phases, allowing the displacement of previously immobile oil. For this process to succeed on an industry scale the high chemical cost involved must be outweighed by the increased oil production. One way to decrease the cost of surfactant chemicals, is to ensure the slug sized used is no larger than necessary. Accounting for the physical mixing in a compositional simulator plays a large role in determining the optimum slug size and success of the project.

Mixing occurs when the surface area between concentration gradients expands, increasing diffusion. In reservoir simulators, the amount of numerical dispersion can alter greatly depending on the model structure. To achieve a model reflecting a physical case, the mixing influencing surfactant concentrations must match the mixing occurring in the reservoir. The more heterogeneous a reservoir is, the more physical mixing will occur as the area of contact increases significantly with length traveled. Because dispersion is scale dependent, matching the physical amount of dispersion by varying the gridblock size can be challenging. As a numerical model is upscaled, the physical mixing decreases while the numerical dispersion associated with the grid increases.

To show the effects of the changing gridblock scale and heterogeneities, two dimensionless parameters were used to test various models for their optimum surfactant-polymer slug size. Both one and two-dimensional models were created in UTCHEM to simulate a surfactant injection process by altering one of the dimensionless parameters, and observing the optimal slug size. A matured water flood was followed by chemical flooding. The optimal was found using the incremental efficiency of the surfactant, taking the incremental oil recovered divided by the mass of chemical injected. The incremental efficiency curves display a single optimum for each case, which closely tie to the economic potential of the process. With knowledge from core flood experimentation, when looking to apply at field scale, it is vital to account for the difference in the mixing effects. This work could result in a better understanding of the optimal surfactant volume needed, greatly reducing chemical costs.
Pore Structure Analysis Using Subcritical Gas Adsorption Method
Authors: Murugesu Manju Pharkavi
Published: October 2017

The oil and gas industry has been tapping into tight reservoirs with low permeability and porosity. This calls for methods to enhance our understanding of tight reservoirs, such as shale. A large percentage of gas in place in shale reservoirs is in the form of adsorbed gas on the surfaces of pores. The pores of shale reservoirs range from micro-, meso- to macropores. Small pores contribute to large surface area accessible for adsorption, emphasizing the importance of studying pore structure in nanoscale. Subcritical gas adsorption isauseful methodto characterize pore structures in nanoscale in terms of quantifying pore volume, determining the presence of micropores, predicting pore geometries and the accessible surface area for adsorption.

This paper discusses results obtained from running adsorption on samples of four different formations: Niobrara shale, Lokpanta oil shale, Hawaiian basaltic rock and Berea sandstone. Some of the results used to both qualitatively and quantitatively study pore structures are isotherm, pore size distribution and specific surface area. These results both affirm and debunk generalizations tied to certain formations. For instance, sandstone typically has large grains and this is confirmed by the zero micropores shown in both its isotherm and pore size distribution. On the contrary, some of the basaltic rocks are expected to have highspecific surface area due to its high clay content, yet the samples showed low specific surface area instead. This informs the lack of information available on the sample, thus, initiating more tests to understand other factors that may be causing low specific surface area. Moreover, Lokpanta oilshale does not have any external information provided, but the isotherms and pore size distribution help to intuitively grasp the image of the samples' pore structures. This paper illustrates how best to analyze and compare the experimental results.

Subcritical gas adsorption makes it easy to picture pore structures at nanoscale. Understanding pore structures, specific surface area available for adsorption and micropore volume for storage purposes is crucial for applications, such as carbon capture and storage (CCS).
Determining The Resistivity Anisotropy of High-Resistivity Sediments, Based on Lateral Logging Sounding Data From Vertical Wells
Authors: Petrov Aleksei
Published: October 2017

In studying and development of unconventional reservoirs, it is important to know vertical component of resistivity. This information can be obtained by HRLA or Rt-Scanner type devices, but due to low oil prices, using of them in Russia is becoming economically inexpedient. This leads to the necessity to develop a quantitative interpretation of the data of traditional Russian electrologging methods, which can provide information of the structure and properties of deposits with minimal cost. In vertical wells, in high-resistivity deposits similar to the Bazhenov formation, gradient sondes are sensitive to anisotropy, which was shown by the results of modeling and interpretation of signals on a one-dimensional cylindrical-layered model (Sukhorukova et al. 2013). A set of gradient sondes with different lengths is included in the equipment of the lateral logging sounding (BKZor also Russian lateral logging) method and is often used in Russia in the vertical wells survey. However, the application of the method is difficult if the thickness of the beds is small.

In this paper, I propose a technique for processing BKZ data measured in complicated geological medium with small thicknesses of interlayers. To increase the accuracy of determining the parameters of an anisotropic medium, a two-dimensional geoelectric model and finite-element algorithms for solving direct problems are used. The geological object of study is a major source of unconventional oil in Russia – the Bazhenov formation, but the proposed technique is applicable to other objects. Based on the results of data processing for 18 wells from the Fedorovskoe and Russkinskoye fields, the features of resistivity anisotropy coefficient distribution by depth at intervals of the Bazhenov formation have been revealed.
Automatic exchange of tax information: initiation, implementation and guidelines in Bulgarian context
Authors: Filipova-Slancheva Atanaska
Published: October 2017

The paper aims to introduce and clarify automatic exchange of tax information as a global and European Union initiative in order to curb tax evasion via cross-border tax avoidance, along with aggressive tax competition. It investigates the role of Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) which developed Common Reporting Standard (CRS) and endorsed it in 2014. CRS is a framework for automatic exchange of tax information with the purpose to promote cooperation among various jurisdictions. For EU Member States, CRS is transposed by the amended EU Directive on Administrative Cooperation (DAC2). Bulgaria as a member state has transposed the Directive in the national law. This study examined automatic exchange of tax information (AETI) from Bulgarian perspective – historic development, legal framework, responsible and competent authorities and application of DAC2 and expectations for newly approved DAC3. In the study, Bulgarian financial institutions (banks) are examined, implementation status and how the challenge of AETI, including client information and data protection, are addressed. Primary data for banks are collected from publicly available sources (website of the respective bank), as company websites of top 5 Bulgarian banks were examined for information related to automatic exchange of financial information/tax information. Results show that major Bulgarian banks, within First Group in terms of assets, are initiating the process, internal due diligence and preparation for the new reporting requirements. General conclusion is that currently there are some critical issues to be addressed, new DAC3 might introduce higher challenges, as practical guidance is the solution.
Innovation in organizations having founder's syndrome
Authors: Mallah Boustani Nada , El Boustani Zaher
Published: October 2017

The founder’s syndrome is considered a management weakness and leadership disorder affecting every entrepreneur envisioning and planning a long-term journey for his/her established business. The challenge, with expanding companies, is that the bigger they become, the more re-organization they require through re-design, processes re-engineering, restructuring, reforming corporate governance structure and more innovation plans and strategies they would need to withhold the complexities and uncertainties of their external environments they are exposed to. Therefore, re-organizing growing businesses can become very difficult if the decision-making process remains caught at the upper level of hierarchy. The major risk factor in a business-growing journey is to be confronted with the founder’s syndrome. A growing company led by an entrepreneur suffering from the founder’s syndrome who is afraid to let go and resist organizational re-alignment, development of strategies and introduction of advanced management systems, can never survive the complex external environmental challenges due to the excessive lack of innovation. Business innovation in complex and uncertain environments requires innovative strategy setting which, if applied, should be complemented by a re-organizational structure and design compatible with the roadmap of strategy innovation. In fact, to support and stand for innovation, the business corporate leadership culture should not be contaminated with the effect of founder’s syndrome. On the contrary, the founder should have enough creativity and empowerment skills to accept the compromise of power and control with more open communication and information sharing combined with lean organizational design, to facilitate and encourage innovation for an extended long term organizational survival.
Analytical coupling characterization of multi-stage planetary gear free vibration considering flexible structure
Authors: Zhang Aiqiang , Wei Jing , Qin Datong , Hou Shaoshuai
Published: October 2017

The mode characteristics and the parameter sensitivity for a two-stage NGW spur planetary gear system are studied based on the principles of structure natural dynamical characteristics. Considering the influence of flexible structure including shaft, the planet carrier, and the ring-gear, the coupled lateral-torsional-axial vibration dynamical model of the planetary gear system is established under the generalized coordinate system using the shafting element method. With the model, the natural frequency and vibration mode are solved, and the results indicate that the flexibility of ring-gear has a greater effect on natural frequency. Several distinct types of vibration mode are summarized, such as planet torsional mode, sun-gear shaft axial mode, ring-gear axial mode and so on. However, the translational mode which is one of the modes in the coupled lateral-torsional lumped mass model is not found in this study. Within the scope of the time-varying, mesh stiffness mainly affects the planet torsional mode of corresponding stage. Furthermore, the variation of radial bearing stiffness will also do effect on axial vibration mode, and the variation of bearing stiffness not only affects the vibration modes of adjacent stage of planetary gear train, but also affects the nonadjacent stage. The results demonstrate the coupling characteristics of the system under the free vibration condition.
Experimental research and finite element analysis on the dynamic characteristics of concrete steel bridges with multi-cracks
Authors: Cui Kai , Yang Wen-heng , Gou Hong-ye
Published: October 2017

Complex bridges will inevitably have cracks in operation. Dynamic characteristics with crack structures have been researched central issues. In the past, few researches were conducted from the whole structure of bridges with multi-cracks. In the meanwhile, related experimental research and systematic numerical simulation were lacking. In addition, researches on cracks seldom considered the high-order vibration characteristics of structures with multi-cracks. Aimed at this problem, this paper selected the whole bridge structure which was widely applied in engineering to study dynamic characteristics. For the concrete steel bridge with two cracks, this paper established finite element models for concrete steel beam and bridge with cracks under three different conditions and obtained vibration frequency and three order modes through simulation. Then, this paper analyzed and verified the correctness of numerical simulation result through experiment. Based on the verified model, this paper conducted a systematic analysis and summary, and obtained the following findings: The vibration frequency of concrete steel beams with cracks was obviously affected by cracks. The higher the order was, the greater the impact of cracks on frequency would be and the smaller the impact of cracks on the amplitude of modes would be. With the increased crack depth, the impact on the vibration frequency of concrete steel beams was more obvious. Additionally, crack distance also had some impacts on the dynamic characteristics of concrete steel beams. Numerical simulation model and method in this paper provided foundation and reference for continuing to analyze concrete steel beams with other crack forms or other structural forms. In the meanwhile, the three-dimensional analytical contour in this paper could help engineers to more intuitively understand and valuably apply the change rule of impact of crack depth and position on concrete steel beams.
Rubbing dynamics behavior of a flywheel shafting with a single point flexible support
Authors: Tang Changliang , Han Dongjiang , Yang Jinfu
Published: October 2017

The flywheel energy storage system is a new kind conversion device which realizes electric energy and kinetic energy transform into each other. The dynamic characteristics of flywheel energy storage system have been studied extensively in recent years. A single point flexible support is suitable for the small flywheel system, because the friction loss is very low. The flywheel spin test system with a single point flexible support was built. The dynamic model of the flywheel shafting was established to calculate the critical speeds, modal shape and modal damping ratio at different speeds. The results show that the dynamic characteristics of the flywheel shaft are stable, and its structure is simple and efficient. The comparison between the calculated unbalance response and the experimental response indicates that the dynamic model is appropriate. When the flywheel started up and rotated at different speeds, the rubbing dynamics behavior was obtained by the experiment. Full rubbing occurred at high speed would damage the flywheel and stop, which should be tried to avoid.
Systematical research on the aerodynamic noise of the high-lift airfoil based on FW-H method
Authors: Tang Cun Dong , Wang Zhi Ping , Sima Yu Zhou
Published: October 2017

In numerical computation of aerodynamic noises, the solution accuracy of flow fields has an obvious impact on detailed computation of eddy turbulence and acoustic results. In this paper, LES (Large Eddy Simulation) was used to conduct numerical simulation of flow fields of three-dimensional high-lift L1T2 airfoil. Unsteady flow field data on the solid wall face was extracted as the noise source. The integration method FW-H (Ffowcs Williams-Hawkings) was used to compute far-field noises. The numerical computation method was verified by experiments. Results show that: the numerical computation method used in this paper can provide an accurate solution for computing far-field aerodynamic noises. Finally, based on the verified numerical model, contribution amounts made by each high-lift airfoil component to noises as well as major factors affecting aerodynamic noises were analyzed. Computational results show that: the leading edge slats generated aerodynamic noises mainly because of the unsteady waves which were caused by the grooves between the slat and main wing, as well as small wake eddies generated on the trailing edge of slats; flaps generated aerodynamic noises mainly because of mixing between high-frequency small-scale eddies and low-frequency large-scale eddies caused by flow separation around the wing flaps. Acoustic directivity of leading edge slats and trailing edge flaps showed an obvious dipole characteristic. For both of them, the sound pressure levels reached the maximum value in the direction perpendicular to the chord line.
The basaltic volcanism of the Dumisseau Formation in the Sierra de Bahoruco, SW Dominican Republic: a record of the mantle plume magmatism of the Caribbean Large Igneous Province
Authors: Escuder-Viruete J. , Joubert M. , Abad M. , Pérez-Valera F. , Gabites J. , Pérez-Estaún A.
Published: October 2017

The Dumisseau Formation outcropping in the Sierra de Bahoruco offers the opportunity for studying on land the mantle plume magmatism generator of the Caribbean Large Igneous Province (CLIP) during the Late Cretaceous. It consists of a sequence of about 1.0-1.5 km-thick mainly composed of mafic basaltic flows and pyroclastic deposits, with subordinated volcanogenic sedimentary deposits and syn-volcanic doleritic sills and dikes. All the volcanic rocks were erupted or re-sedimented in relatively deep-marine conditions, as evidenced by the rare interbedded chert and pelagic limestone. On the basis of the MgO, TiO2 and incompatible trace elements contents three geochemical groups have been identified in the Dumisseau Formation: low-Ti tholeiites; high-Ti or transitional basalts; and high-Ti and LREE alkaline basalts. Geochemical modelling indicates a derivation from melts generated and incorporated at different depths in the mantle, which is consistent with the processes that take place during the rise of a mantle plume beneath the oceanic crust. Two 40Ar/39Ar whole-rock ages indicate the extrusion of magmas at least in the 92-74 Ma time interval (Turonian-Coniacian boundary to Maastrichtian), resulting coeval with the formation of the CLIP. As a result, the Dumisseau Formation is an emerged fragment of the CLIP, with which it must have continuity through the Beata Ridge. These rocks are unconformably overlain by carbonate red algae facies of the middle-upper Eocene, constituting the volcanic basement of the Sierra de Bahoruco.
High resolution magnetic, regional gravity and petrophysical characterization of the Dominican Republic tectonic domains with special focus on the Central Cordillera
Authors: Ayala C. , García-Lobón J. L. , Escuder-Viruete J. , Rey-Moral C. , Pérez-Estaún A. , Padín-Debén A.
Published: October 2017

The aim of this study is twofold: to make a geological interpretation of available ground gravity and high resolution airborne magnetic surveys carried out over the Dominican Republic, and to define the spatial limits of key tectonic units of the Central Cordillera. Potential fields and petrophysical data allow the establishment of the spatial limits and the relationships of the key tectonic units at local and regional scale. Therefore, gravity and magnetic data have been integrated to produce models of the upper crustal structure across the Central Cordillera following corresponding geological cross-sections that have been extended in depth. Since there are no seismic or borehole data to constrain the models in our study area, modeling is based on potential field data and the analysis of the physical properties that have been measured from surface rocks (586 density and magnetic susceptibility samples). The main features of the potential fields maps are: (1) NW-SE-trending anomalies delineating the main tectonic units, which coincide with the major strike-slip fault zones that limit those units; (2) exceptional geophysical mapping examples of volcano-sedimentary units; and (3) significant anomalies due to a magmatism widely spread all over Hispaniola Island. The modeling results reveal the petrophysical heterogeneities and subsurface geometry of the tectonic units, faults, and shear zones. The model shows that Tireo Fm extends up to 7 km in depth. The Duarte Complex has been modeled as a layer of c. 5-7 km in thickness beneath the Tireo Fm and the S. Juan Basin. Some of the intrusive bodies may reach depths of c. 8 km.
Marine terraces of the Promontorio de Cabrera (Pleistocene, northern Dominican Republic)
Authors: Díaz de Neira J. A. , Braga J. C. , Pérez Cerdán F. , Lopera E.
Published: October 2017

Eleven marine terraces, locally faulted and southward-tilted, can be recognized in the Promontorio de Cabrera, at the eastern end of the Cordillera Septentrional in the northern Dominican Republic. The lower terraces (T1-T7) are reefal platforms belonging to the La Isabela Formation, whereas the upper ones (T8-T11) are abrasion platforms sculpted in the carbonates of the Los Haitises Formation. The terraces formed during Pleistocene uplift, initially as a series of erosional steps and later as staircase offlapping depositional terraces. According to available radiometric data, the lower terrace (T1) formed in the MIS 5e and its uplift rate can be estimated as 0.15-0.17 mm/year in the northern sector. This uplift rate suggests that T2 formed in the Middle Pleistocene, T3 in the Middle Pleistocene-Calabrian boundary, T4-T8 in the Calabrian, and T9-T11 in the Gelasian. The Promontorio de Cabrera has been built by the continuous uplift and emersion of successive terraces since the Early Pleistocene (Gelasian).
Petrographic contribution on the larimar host rock (Dominican Republic) and some notes about its origen
Authors: Alvarado G. E. , Verdeja E. , Rodríguez J. , Barrantes M.
Published: October 2017

Larimar is an ornamental and semiprecious stone known worldwide as being iconic of the Dominican Republic. This rock is composed mainly of pectolite, usually seen associated with natrolite and calcite, as well as carbonaceous material, chalcocite and hematites. Sometimes, disseminations such as native copper, also occur amongst several other minerals. The rock crops out in a very small area (< 0.3 km2 , Los Checheses-Los Chupaderos mine or simply the Larimar mine) as a result of the transpressional movement of the Arroyo Seco fault which exposed the basement. The host rock is composed mainly of olivine basaltic lava flows (15 - 18% olivine, 6 - 8% pyroxene, 5 - 10% plagioclase and < 1% opaque minerals in a 64 to 72% groundmass), as well as related basaltic breccias. These volcanic rocks are strongly altered (by hydrothermal, tectonic and weathering processes) at different scales. Olivine phenocrysts were highly serpentinized and altered to iddingsite; pyroxene phenocrysts have some degrees of argillization and sericite; and carbonate has formed minerals from plagioclase crystals. Clays and quartz veinlets are also present as secondary minerals. Pectolite and natrolite minerals fill open spaces in the volcanic rock (vesicules, fractures, cavities, crustification and comb structure vugs) and substitute organic pieces (wood) by an epygenic process as a result of temperatures of 200°- 340°C, during a phyllic epithermal transition to mesothermal (quarz-sericitic) alteration. Larimar is not just a unique gemstone but it is also a very rare petrification process. Therefore we propose the term xilolarimar. The formation environment is suggested to be an oceanic island  construction prior to the Eocene time, probably Late Cretaceous. Further studies are necessary to understand the blue pectolite (a colour mainly linked to Mn, V and Cu), its formation mode and its petrogenic environment.
Probability Theory on Fuzzy Sets
Authors: Bartková Renáta , Riečan Beloslav , Tirpáková Anna
Published: October 2017

Similarly as the Kolmogorov probability theory in the first half of the 20th century, the Zadeh fuzzy set theory played a significant role in the second half of the 20th century. In this chapter we present probability theory on intuitionisic fuzzy sets as well as probability spaces on multivalued logic.
Probability Theory for Fuzzy Quantum Spaces with Statistical Applications
Authors: Bartková Renáta , Riečan Beloslav , Tirpáková Anna
Published: October 2017

The reference considers probability theory in two main domains: fuzzy set theory, and quantum models. Readers will learn about the Kolmogorov probability theory and its implications in these two areas. Other topics covered include intuitionistic fuzzy sets (IF-set) limit theorems, individual ergodic theorem and relevant statistical applications (examples from correlation theory and factor analysis in Atanassov intuitionistic fuzzy sets systems, the individual ergodic theorem and the Poincaré recurrence theorem). This book is a useful resource for mathematics students and researchers seeking information about fuzzy sets in quantum spaces.
Treatment of tardive dyskinesia with tetrabenazine or valbenazine: a systematic review
Authors: Caroff Stanley N , Aggarwal Saurabh , Yonan Charles
Published: October 2017

Up to 30% of patients taking antipsychotics may develop tardive dyskinesia (TD). Recent evidence-based recommendations demonstrate an unmet need for effective TD management. This systematic review was designed to update the evidence for TD treatment, comparing two vesicular monoamine transporter 2 (VMAT2) inhibitors, tetrabenazine and valbenazine. Of 487 PubMed/Embase search results, 11 studies met the review criteria. Valbenazine efficacy was demonstrated in rigorously designed clinical trials that meet the guidelines for AAN Class I evidence. Due to differences in study designs and a lack of standardized and controlled trials with tetrabenazine, a formal meta-analysis comparing the agents was not possible. However, valbenazine appears to have fewer side effects and a more favorable once-daily dosing regimen for the treatment of TD.
Aplicación de la mercadotecnia relacional en una empresa de venta de café de Baja California
Authors: Cruz Estrada Isaac
Published: October 2017

El objetivo de esta investigación es proponer un proceso de mercadotecnia relacional en una empresa de venta de café en Baja California, como estudio de caso. Primero se conceptualiza la mercadotecnia relacional y su contribución para la creación de valor en las organizaciones, además se incluyen estudios empíricos de diversos autores, quienes señalan la influencia de este proceso en la satisfacción del cliente. Se aplicaron 149 encuestas para obtener la correlación entre la garantía de ofrecer un producto o servicio, y la generación de valor mediante la entrega de elementos tangibles e intangibles para la satisfacción del cliente. La propuesta pertenece a la empresa en la que se realizó la investigación, y es posible adaptarla a organizaciones que ofrezcan un servicio, que presenten la situación estudiada.
Analysis of errors of long holes and methods for their control
Authors: Skobeleva V V , Shchenyatskiy A V , Bryzgalov Yu B
Published: October 2017

С целью исследования влияния отделочных и конечных операций на геометрию ствола определены принципы работы создаваемого мобильного мехатронного устройства. Задачей изобретения является апробация предлагаемого способа измерения диаметра канала ствола, на основе которого можно создать гамму устройств, пригодных для проведения контроля стволов любых калибров. Одними из предъявляемых требований к устройству являются низкая стоимость, долговечность, простота процесса измерения при сохранении высокой точности. Технический результат - повышение точности измерений при уменьшении стоимости измерительного оборудования, выявление дефектов диаметра канала ствола. В статье приведен анализ параметров, влияющих на кучность и точность стрельбы. Рассматриваются современные устройства и способы измерения длинных отверстий с макрорельефом. В данной статье рассмотрены наиболее известные измерительные приборы. Для наглядности устройства представлены в сравнительной таблице, в которой указаны: чувствительный элемент, комплектующие, преимущества и недостатки. Рассматриваются датчики, работающие по различным признакам, с помощью которых может быть реализовано разрабатываемое устройство. Также приведена сравнительная таблица чувствительных элементов, где рассматриваются принцип работы, преимущества и недостатки. На основе анализа одним из перспективных видов измерения параметров отверстия с малым диаметром является контактный метод, основанный на применении в качестве чувствительного элемента пьезодатчика. Стоимость измерительного комплекса незначительная и может быть изготовлена в большом количестве по доступным для простого потребителя ценам. С точки зрения промышленности легок в изготовлении. Наличие такого устройства позволит провести контроль параметров канала ствола как российских, так и зарубежных производителей, для проведения анализа, спустя некоторое время, позволит установить, как происходит износ канала ствола во время его эксплуатации, и выявить закономерность износа.
(Conflict Resolution of Irrigation Development: Case Study in Ibu subdistrict of West Halmahera District)
Authors: Sahabu Budi , . Saharuddin , M. Kolopaking Lala
Published: October 2017

ABSTRACT
The objective of this research is to understand the conflict resolution of dam and irrigation development in three subdistrict villages of Ibu Halmahera Barat district 2013. This research uses analysis of dispute style (AGATA) in the form of: avoidance, accommodating, compromise, competitive, and collaboration. The results showed that there are two styles of conflict that is avoid and competitive style. Both style of disputes are transformed into a compromise style after the opposing party offers negotiation of land compensation. Based on this it can reduce the two parties, so that the mediator easily deal with the conflict. The settlement path is through mediation and facilitation by bringing the two conflicting parties together with the mediator of West Halmahera people’s parliament. The decision taken is to stop the construction of dam and irrigation channels under construction. The decision, in addition to reducing the escalation of tensions, also to anticipates violet conflict between the two parties (the pros and cons of development).
Keyword: Conflict resolution, irrigation development, dispute style

ABSTRAK
Penelitian ini bertujuan memahami resolusi konflik pembangunan bendung dan irigasi di tiga desa kecamatan Ibu kabupaten Halmahera Barat pada tahun 2013. Penelitian ini mengunakan analisis gaya bersengketa (AGATA) yang berupa: saling menghindar, akomodatif, kompromistis, kompetitif, dan kolaborasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa terdapat dua gaya berkonflik yaitu gaya menghindar dan kompotisi. Kedua gaya bersengketa tersebut berubah menjadi gaya berkompromi setelah pihak lawan (kontra) menawarkan negosiasi ganti rugi lahan. Berdasarkan hal tersebut dapat mengurangi eskalasi ketegangan antar kedua belah pihak, sehingga pihak mediator dengan mudah menangani konflik. Jalur penyelesaian yang ditempuh yaitu melalui mediasi dan fasilitasi dengan cara mempertemukan kedua belah pihak yang berseteru dengan mediator pihak dewan perwakilan rakyat daerah Halmahera Barat. Keputusan yang diambil adalah memberhentikan proyek pembangunan bendung dan saluran irigasi yang sedang dibangun. Keputusan tersebut, selain mengurangi eskalasi ketegangan juga mengantisipasi terjadinya konflik kekerasan antar kedua belah pihak (pihak pro dan kontra pembangunan).
Kata kunci: Resolusi konflik, pembangunan irigasi, gaya bersengketa
Evolusi Pemikiran Manajemen Strategik Sebelum Era 2000-An
Authors: Waskito Jati , Harsono Mugi
Published: October 2017

By the 1960s, large companies moved from the emphasis on operations, budgeting and control areas to an emphasis on the complexity of evolving planning and environmental dynamism and the need for solutions to this situation from top managers demanding planning for the future and looking globally. This article aims to describe the evolution of strategic management thinking from the 1960s to 2000. Each decade has a dominant issue whose discussion is represented by a prominent strategist of his time. They are chosen because they lead to the concept of strategic thinking, tools, and certain techniques.
PERBANDINGAN UJI TOKSISITAS FITOESTROGEN PADA GINJAL TIKUS (Sprangue dawley) YANG DIINDUKSI DAIDZEIN DAN AIR PERASAN UMBI BENGKUANG (Pachyrhizus erosus)
Authors: Irmawati Farizha , Novi Primiani Cicilia
Published: October 2017

Fitoestrogen suatu senyawa yang banyak ditemukan di lingkungan sekitar dan diketahui dapat mengacaukan keseimbangan sistem hormon binatang maupun manusiaFitoestrogen dapat terakumulasi dalam tubuh, secara prinsip untuk penggunaan fitofarmaka secara luas, memerlukan uji praklinik untuk mengetahui tingkat keamanannya secara pasti. Toksisitas merupakan sifat bawaan suatu zat, bentuk dan tingkat manifestasi toksiknya pada suatu organisme, faktor yang nyata adalah dosis dan lamanya paparan senyawa pada organ. Umbi bengkuang segar (Pachyrhizus erosus) yang mengandung fitoestrogen agar dapat digunakan secara aman, efektif dan efisien, maka diperlukan uji praklinis dengan melakukan analisis toksisitas fitoestrogen, untuk mengetahui tingkat keamanannya secara pasti. Metode yang digunakan penelitian ini merupakan penelitian eksperimen yang bertujuan untuk mengetahui perbandingan toksisitas fitoestrogen, pada daidzein dan air perasan umbi bengkuang (Pachyrhizus erosus). Rancangan penelitian eksperimen dilakukan menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL). Hasil uji statisik dengan menggunakana T-test Pairs,  menunjukkan tidak ada perbedaan nyata jumlah sel nekrosis tubulus dan glomerulus, dengan perlakuan pemberian daidzein sintetis dan air perasan umbi bengkuang (Pachyrhizus erosus). Sehingga hasil penelitian ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa fitoestrogen umbi bengkuang(Pachyrhizus erosus) tidak bersifat toksik.
A SOCIOLINGUISTIC ANALYSIS OF ADDRESSING TERMS USED IN TANGLED MOVIE MANUSCRIPT
Authors: Rifai Dian Muhammad , Prasetyaningrum Sevian Tri
Published: October 2017

This research aims at finding out the kinds of addressing terms manuscript and the reasons of using addressing terms used in Tangled Movie Manuscript. The type of this research is a descriptive qualitative research which takes a document oriented as the method of collecting data. By this method, the researchers uses Tangled movie manuscript as the data source, and the data taken are the expressions which contain addressing terms. The rate of addressing terms use first name is the biggest. Theresult of the research shows that there are five kinds namely, addressing using name (fist name, full name, and last name), addressing using intimacy, (3) addressing using kinship, (4) addressing using respect, and (5) addressing using mockery. Thestudy find seven reasons of addressing terms used in Tangled movie manuscript were showing solidarity, intimacy, mockery, power, respectful, and anger.