bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PETRO LAKHTIUK AS THE FOUNDER OF BANDURA ART ON THE TERRITORIES OF POLAND AFTER WORLD WAR II
Authors:   Borys Hrinchenko University of Kyiv, Myroniuk Taras
Published: December 2023

The biography of one person, a native of Volyn (now Rivne region), as in the mirror, reflects the fate of an entire generation of Ukrainian youth - and therefore of our entire nation - throughout the XX century. Ukrainian, a student at Warsaw University Panteleimon Bondarchuk, who, from the time of his participation in the Ukrainian Insurgent Army and until the end of his life, bore the well-known name (alias) Petro Lakhtiuk, is serving a horrific 12-year prison sentence in the tundra of the Arctic Circle, but miraculously - prayer and willpower remain alive. Released after the death of J. Stalin, he is revived physically and spiritually, goes to Poland, where he plunges into cultural and musical activities, creating in this country not yet known the art of bandura. For Christian love in the good heart of Peter Lakhtiuk, God rewarded him with a long and happy creative life: he lived a full 94 years (1907-2001). Being able to not fail despite the toughest of tests – that is heroism. To maintain dignity and Christian faith in the face of physical torment and psychological abuse – that too is heroic. To avoid anger and not become an outcast in a foreign country and foreign society – that is also heroism. To artfully play an instrument that is not known in the foreign place is selfless. To throw off downcast thoughts and pessimism, and instead to cultivate joy, beauty, song, and art, that is a blessing of the Holy Spirit. Such is the reality of the quiet heroism of Petro Lakhtiuk. It is quiet, because he was never a promoter of his own talents. He pulled his plow quietly, in accordance with his calling, his talent, and his dedication to hard work. He lived in a terrible time in history: during his lifetime there were two world wars – the first during his childhood and the second when he was an adult. In the newspapers, on radio broadcasts, as well as in literature, the 20th century is rightfully called a bloody century.
SPOKEN NARRATIVES ABOUT THE VISTULA ACTION OF 1947: TRADITION AND NOWADAYS
Authors:   Maksym Rylskyi Institute of Art History, Folklore and Ethnology, Khaliuk Lesia
Published: December 2023

The definition of the subject and sphere of folklore investigation depends on the understanding of folklore, which in turn requires the harmonisation and definition of certain theoretical concepts. In the 21st century, studies of folklore have gone beyond the village, and since then it is worth talking about different approaches and expansion of semantics of this term. The modern context of folklore differs significantly from the traditional one, since its specificity is determined by the media, which not only became one of the ways of transmitting and spreading folklore, but also significantly influence the transformations taking place in folklore. In addition, they exhibit with exceptional strength the functions of folklore, which are constantly expanding, and are the main source of productive (folklore) situations. They inspire natural situations, stimulate and create narratives, and influence the transformation of traditional forms of oral storytelling. Today researchers call such stories spoken (everyday) folklore, the most important feature of which is the image of life and thinking of society, its mass, which cannot monopolise a separate group or social layer, but which can change depending on circumstances and environment. Analysis of modern memories clearly shows that individual statement is not so much an individual form, but a peculiar essence of the group in which the person lives. Individual memory is always socially and culturally due mainly to the narrative tradition of this society, practicing specific ways of using motives and story topics. It is also worth noting that often the memories that arise from the existential need to tell (speak) give us much more information about the interlocutors as such than about specific facts from the past. The folklorist is sometimes more interested in how these facts appear in the story, how they exist and are verbalised, what emotions the narrator experiences, what means he uses to verbalise / depict them, and what emotions he wants to evoke in the listener. The modern context of folklore differs significantly from the traditional one, since its specificity is determined by the media, which not only became one of the ways of transmitting and spreading folklore, but also significantly influence the transformations taking place in folklore. Today researchers call such stories spoken (everyday) folklore, the most important feature of which is the image of life and thinking of society, its mass, which cannot monopolise a separate group or social layer, but which can change depending on circumstances and environment. Analysis of modern memories clearly shows that individual statement is not so much an individual form, but a peculiar essence of the group in which the person lives. Individual memory is always socially and culturally due mainly to the narrative tradition of this society, practicing specific ways of using motives and story topics.
THE PROBLEM OF WAR ON THE BACKGROUND OF THE IDENTIFICATION OF NATIONS AND PEOPLES IN THE „BIKINI” NOVEL BY YANUSH-LEON VYSHNEVSKY
Authors:   Lesia Ukrainka Eastern European National University, Iaruchyk Olga
Published: December 2023

In the article the author focuses on the coverage of the problems of World War II against the background of the identification of nations and peoples in the popular Bianchi best-selling novel by Janusz-Leon Vyshnevsky, in which the military theme and its modern interpretation are presented very sharply and vividly. The contemporary Polish writer does not resort to pathos, because in the new environment they would sound insincere. He himself, like many other writers of the twentieth century, was not an eyewitness to the described military events, so the documentary accuracy of his facts is drawn from the archives. The artistic word helped the artist to move beyond the cold ascertainment of historical material and to present anti-militant motives in such a way that their heart was squeezed and frost went down. The author of the article emphasises that the novel “Bikini” is unsurpassed in terms of emotional saturation. Contributed to this are ordinary paintings of the humanistic worldview, superimposed on several dimensions of time space – past and present. In Vyshnevsky’s work we trace the change of the typical military plot atypical – the author enters into a hostile environment with the desire to find a human beginning there and find elements of humanity. Some antiheroes turn into positive characters who have ordinary human traits that are common to ordinary people. Separate images are not common. It is the humanism of the ordinary human face to which the seal of war is imposed. With great artistic skill is depicted the inner world of man in times of war, its consequences and threats to the modern world. Through the music, literature, art of photography, and other cultural attributes, the spirituality of the novel’s heroes takes a toll on war. “Bikini” by Y.-L. Vyshnevsky – a work of life-affirming and at the same time realistic. Based on the tradition of antiwar writing of previous generations, the danger of war and all the realities associated with it are individually created. The man in Vishnevsky’s work comes to the fore. The future, not only of one country or nation, but of the entire planet, depends on its views, hopes and activities.
LOS VERHAERENA BY TADEUSZ MICIŃSKI: WARTIME MANIFESTO
Authors:   University of Białystok, Ławski Jarosław
Published: December 2023

The article is an analysis of an article found in 2017 in the Polish press from the period of World War I (Gazeta Polska; 1917, issue 35) published in Russia, “Los Verhaerena”. The eminent Polish modernist writer Tadeusz Miciński (1878-1918) took up a polemic about the fate of the outstanding Belgian poet Emil Verhaeren (1855-1916), who died in 1916 under the wheels of a train. The Russian writer and anthroposophile Maximilian Voloshin (1878-1932) presented this death as a consequence of Verhaeren’s abandonment of esoteric doctrine and pacifist attitude. Miciński formulated his own writing credo in a polemic with Voloshin’s views, pointing out that the writer’s duty in the face of the cruelty and evil of war is active resistance, which is an injunction against the attacked national community, but also art.
Green Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles from Phyllanthus emblica (Indian Gooseberry) for Potent Antimicrobial Efficacy
Authors: K. Ajintha  , J. Shifa Vanmathi  , M. Sithi Jameela
Published: December 2023

Nowadays cost-effective and environmentally friendly technologies for nanomaterial synthesis have gained attention in the biosynthesis of nanoparticles. The present study is focused on synthesizing silver nanoparticles using Phyllanthus emblica for a green approach. UV-Vis Spectrophotometry, XRD, SEM, and FTIR were used to characterise the synthesised silver nanoparticles. It was determined that spherical shaped nanoparticles by SEM examination, which revealed that the average particle size was 20 nm. Antibacterial activity of AgNPs analyzed with the help of Staphylococcus aureus, Vibrio cholerae, Pseudomonas auriginosa, and Bacillus subtilis bacteria, and the result shows that a higher concentration of AgNPs is increasing as well as a zone of inhibition increased.
Exploring the Antibacterial Potency of Citrus Fruit Peel Extracts Using Various Solvents
Authors: Prakash Shoba S  , Punitha A.  , Sona S. M.  , Thirunirai Selvi G.  , Venci Candida X  , Anitha C
Published: December 2023

The study evaluates the inhibitory effect of different solvent-extracted citrus peel extracts (Citrus lemon, Citrus sinensis, Citrus maxima, Citrus reticulata and Citrus aurantiifolia) on the growth of various bacterial strains (Klebsiella. pneumonia, Staphylococcus. aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Escherichia coli). Citrus lemon extract demonstrated the most significant inhibition with methanol and acetone showing the highest zones of inhibition. Citrus sinensis extract showed antibacterial activity, with the choice of solvent influencing the effectiveness. Methanol and acetone generally performed well.  Citrus maxima extract demonstrated antibacterial activity, with methanol and butanol being effective solvents. Citrus reticulata extract's effectiveness varied depending on the solvent and bacterial strain tested. Ethanol and butanol were more effective solvents for inhibiting the growth of some bacteria, while acetone and methanol showed limited effectiveness. The Citrus aurentiifolia peel extract exhibited varying degrees of antibacterial activity against the tested bacteria. The effectiveness of the extract depended on the solvent used and the type of bacteria. For some bacteria, such as E. coli and S. aureus, the extract showed significant inhibitory effects, particularly when using Ethanol as the solvent. Further research and optimization may be necessary to enhance the antibacterial properties of Citrus aurentiifolia peel extract.
Impact of ingenious pre-treatments on performance indices and dimensional properties of kodo millet
Authors: Tatapudi Paul Pradeepa Roberts, Dr. Lt. S. Sharada
Published: December 2023

The present study focussed on standardisation of suitable method for kodo dehulling and evaluated the outcome percentage of dehulled kodo millet. A combination of abrasive and centrifugal type of dehulling  and hydrothermal treatment followed by centrifugal dehulling was applied on whole kodo millet. Only centrifugal dehulled millet was taken as control. Dehulling index, Coefficient of dehulling, degree of dehulling and overall dehulling efficiency was more compared to control samples. Principal axial dimensions, dimensional parameters such as sphericity, aspect ratio, geometric and arithmetic mean diameter was calculated and had significant difference between control and experimental samples.
A New Hybrid Diffie-Hellman and Caesar Cipher Algorithm for Cryptography
Authors: Manoj Sharma V  , Manthan N R  , Lalith Kumar Nitesh Kumar Mehtha  , Krishnapuram Kalyan Kumar Reddy  , Shaik Hussain Shaik Ibrahim
Published: December 2023

Caesar cipher algorithm is one of the ancient algorithms. However, due to advances in technology the algorithm is now much simple to breach. This is because; each letter in the message is replaced by the same letter as specified. To raise the safety, some changes can be made. So, here we are going to use another arithmetic algorithm Diffie - Hellman's mode of changing the key to find the secret key and use simple calculations to verify data encryption. After obtaining a private shared key using the Diffie-Hellman method, depending on the operating mode with 26 keys to get the value of 26 or less, then the current character is taken with the key when the additional value of the new character. In any letter in the position of an 'x', the key first increases with an 'x' and is adjusted to get the encrypted letter. Therefore, 2 messages are repeated 2 times and the third letter has 3. This increases safety. This technology can be
Convolution Neural Network Based Prediction for Eye Gaze Estimation
Authors: Arpitha G  , Meenakshi Sundaram  A
Published: December 2023

Levels of progress in progress have truly made it possible to get various kinds of biometric information from individuals, enabling bases on assessment of human conditions in cure, auto prospering, advancing, and various zones. These evaluations have particularly featured eye improvement as a convincing marker with respect to human conditions, and assessment on its applications is adequately being pursued. The contraptions as of now for the most part used for assessing eye overhauls rely on the video-oculography (VOG) procedure, wherein the course of look is outlined by managing eye pictures crushed a camera. Applying convolutional neural network (ConvNet) to the getting ready of eye pictures has been seemed to enable exact and unprecedented look assessment. Ordinary picture overseeing, in any case, is begun on execution using a PC, making it difficult to finish consistent look. We hence propose another eye picture overseeing framework that cycles look assessment and event disclosure starting with one fulfillment then onto the accompanying using a self-governing engineered lightweight ConvNet. This paper evaluates the course of action of the proposed lightweight ConvNet, the frameworks for learning and appraisal used, and the proposed methodology's ability to meanwhile see look heading and event occasion using a truly unassuming memory and at lower computational complex nature than standard ways of thinking.
Health Care Chatbot Assistant System
Authors: ADARSH H J  , Bhaskar Reddy P.V  , Suhasini S Hosamani  , Sharat S K  , Pavana Shivaram
Published: December 2023

Rasa stack consists of many open source AI apparatuses solely utilized in plan to make a logical chatbot. It consists of incredible APIs embedded along the Rasa stack that incorporates  Natural language understanding. It incorporates the sack of words calculation helping in streamlining portrayl utilized in measurable displaying and AI stages and furthermore trend setting innovation. The proposed framework is to make an option in contrast to this ordinary strategy for visiting a clinic and making a meeting with a specialist to get analysis. From the user queries chatbot will, predicts the infection and prescribes treatment along with necessary medicine. It like wise support the utilization of this RASA stage for the client specific format according to their prerequisites and furthermore elevates in building up the system for better efficiency.
Machine Learning Based Method to Design a Facial Emotion Detection and Chat Bot System
Authors: Tanisha Majumder  , Kajal  , Vijay B  , Santhosh S R  , Vinay Kumar M
Published: December 2023

One of the active areas of research trends is recognizing emotions in images. This project aims to identify facial emotions. The research concept in Emotion Recognition is included in the flow of our emotion recognition. These involve image acquisition, image pre-processing, face detection, feature extraction, and classification, with the machine being applied after the emotion have been classified.  Our framework relies on already-existing still images. This project aims to improve automated facial emotion recognition and build interaction between the system and the user (bot).
NIDS: An Efficient Network Intrusion Detection Model for Security of Big Data Using Different Machine Learning classifiers
Authors: A. P. Bhuvaneswari  , R.Praveen Sam  , C.Shoba Bindu
Published: December 2023

Security of the big data is one of the important challenges which needs to be addressed by designing an efficient network intrusion model for detecting the unauthenticated intruders in the network. The model should be able to detect the validity of the packet. The detection of intrusions in network was already represented by multiple researchers using different algorithms which still needs instant addressing. Proposing a machine learning classifier algorithm for intrusion detection. The KDD intrusion dataset is used in training the machine for identifying the different intrusions of the network traffic. The machine must be trained efficiently using the different classification algorithms and the security for the data needs to be attained by identifying the invalid network packets. The experimental results demonstrate that the random forest ensemble machine learning classifier is having highest accuracy of 0.2 % when compared with the existing research results in the identification of different intrusions towards the network packets.
SITE-directed mutagenesis for producing grain sorgum mutants with improved kafirine digestibility
Authors: Elkonin Lev A. , Gerashchenkov Grigoryi A. , Borisenko Natalie V. , Kenzhegulov Odissey A. , Sarsenova Saule Kh. , Panin Valery M. , Rozhnova Natalia A.
Published: December 2023

The use of genome editing technologies opens wide opportunities for the targeted mutagenesis in important agricultural crops. In the context of global warming, sorghum, an important drought- and heat-tolerant crop is of particular importance. However, compared to other cereals, sorghum grain has a lower nutritional value, due to the resistance of its storage proteins (kafirins) to proteolytic digestion. A decrease in the synthesis of kafirins as a result of mutations or the expression of the RNAi genetic constructs modifies the ultrastructure of protein bodies and improves their digestibility by proteases. To obtain mutants with improved protein digestibility, we created four binary vectors for site-directed mutagenesis of the k1C5 and gKAF1 genes encoding α- and γ-kafirin, respectively. Each of these vectors contained the cas9 endonuclease gene and a guide RNA targeted the nucleotide sequences encoding the kafirin signal polypeptides. By means of agrobacterial transformation, the created vectors were introduced into the genome of the grain sorghum cv. Avans. 14 transgenic plants were regenerated. Sequencing of 5 regenerants obtained using a vector for the k1C5 mutagenesis revealed 3 plants with mutations. The offspring of these mutants had a higher digestibility of grain proteins in vitro (86–92%) compared to the initial cv. Avans (63–67%). Notably, the T1 plants lacked the cas9 gene and the bar marker gene, which indicates the production of mutants with the edited k1C5 gene sequence, which lack the genetic construct that induced this mutation. Two mutants with mutations in the gKAF1 sequence were obtained. Thus, using the CRISPR/Cas technology, we have obtained mutants with improved digestibility of kafirins, which can be used in practical sorghum breeding.
Evaluation of non-specific CRISPR/Cas9 activity in a yeast model
Authors: Shumega Andrey R. , Stepchenkova Elena I. , Inge-Vechtomov Sergey G.
Published: December 2023

CRISPR/Cas9-based genome editing systems are widely used for genetic modification of different organisms. One of the drawbacks of CRISPR/Cas9 methods is the non-specific activity of Cas9, which can lead to accumulation of unwanted mutations in the edited genome [1]. Therefore, the development ofin vivomodels for high-throughput analysis of factors influencing the frequency of mutagenesis associated with the use of CRISPR/Cas9 technologies is a relevant task. YeastSaccharomycescerevisiaeis a convenient object for developing such models [2].
Here we represent a yeastin vivomodel that allows us to evaluate the effects of nucleotide sequence of the protospacer adjacent motif (PAM) and the guide RNA (gRNA) on the efficiency of binding between the gRNA/Cas9 complex and the target sequence in the genome. Since the Cas9 activity is lethal in cells lacking a donor sequence for homologous repair of double-strand breaks caused by this endonuclease, in the proposed test-system, the reduced efficiency of transformation by a plasmid encoding Cas9 and various gRNA variants reflects the efficiency of recognition of the target gene by the gRNA/Cas9 complex.
To study the influence of different PAM variants, with a consensus of NGG, on CRISPR/Cas9 activity, we obtained four isogenic strains that differ in their PAM sequence (AGG, TGG, CGG, GGG) in the codon 202 of the chromosomal copy of the reporter geneURA3. To evaluate the effect of incomplete matching between gRNA and the target site sequences, we propose using a series of plasmids based on the pML107 vector, encoding Cas9 and one of the 20 possible gRNA variants with single nucleotide substitutions at each of the 20 positions. The results obtained so far indicate the potential of the proposed approach.
Transgene-free genome editing of plants
Authors: Mikhaylova Elena V.
Published: December 2023

The presence of foreign DNA is the main obstacle to the application of biotechnological plant varieties. However, transgene-free technologies in the field of genome editing make it possible to overcome this problem. In most countries that already have legislation in this area, plants without foreign DNA do not require field trials and safety tests.
The easiest way to avoid integration of transgenes is the delivery of RNP complexes directly into the cell without the use of plasmids. However subsequent selection of edited cells in the absence of a selective marker and plant regeneration are quite difficult. Therefore, traditional genetic constructs are used more often, despite that the elements of the CRISPR system are integrated into the genome. Backcrossing and cross-pollination are used to get rid of unwanted inserts. There are opportunities to accelerate the selection process, such as the Transgene Killer CRISPR system, which ensures the death of plants carrying transgenes in the early embryonic stages [1].
Constructs based on viral replicons integrated into T-DNA are an alternative option. They provide a high level of transient expression of CRISPR elements which are not integrated into the genome. Such vectors were created on the basis of geminiviruses, rhabdoviruses, potexviruses, potyviruses, bunyaviruses [2]. The ability of viruses to move between cells can be both preserved and lost due to the removal of the corresponding proteins.
One of the newest approaches is grafting of shoots onto roots expressing Cas and guide RNA [3]. The addition of tRNA-like motifs to the transcripts ensured their mobility and dispersal along the shoot. Heritable edits were observed in the progeny of grafted plants.
Thus, for transgene-free editing technologies of plant genomes are rapidly developing, which will accelerate the commercialization of new varieties with economically valuable traits.
Application of yeast display method in biotechnology and agriculture
Authors: Tsygankov Mikhail A. , Rumyantsev Andrei M. , Padkina Marina V.
Published: December 2023

Yeast display (DD) is an efficient technology for exposure and fixation of target proteins on the surface of yeast cells by their fusion with cell wall proteins. The scope of application of DD is very wide. It can be used in the study of protein-protein interactions and antibody screening; for the processing of industrial waste, in the processes of bioadsorption of heavy and rare metals, in the production of chemical compounds and biofuels, and in the production of vaccines. DD has a number of advantages over other cell systems. This is due to the fact that yeast, being eukaryotes, unlike bacteria, can carry out various post-translational modifications, correct folding and secretion of eukaryotic proteins.
In our work, we compared the effectiveness of different cell wall proteins for exposing target proteins to the surface ofKomagataella phaffiiyeast cells. Two reporter systems were used, based on the eGFP and the beta-galactosidase genes.
The most efficient exposure to the surface was provided by the anchor protein ScAGα1p from the yeastSaccharomyces cerevisiae. The genetic constructs obtained in the work can be used for the production of whole-cell biocatalysts. A yeast strainK. phaffiiwas obtained, containing in its genome a construct for the excretion of the Gumboro disease virus antigen protein — VP2. This strain can be used for the production of a vaccine.
This work was supported by the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation in accordance with agreement No. 075-15-2022-322 date 22.04.2022 on providing a grant in the form of subsidies from the Federal budget of Russian Federation. The grant was provided for state support for the creation and development of a World-class Scientific Center “Agrotechnologies for the Future”.
Development of a system for the formation of transgenic somatic embryos in the liquid medium in Medicago truncatula
Authors: Artemiuk Anastasiya M. , Tvorogova Varvara E. , Lutova Ludmila A.
Published: December 2023

Somatic embryogenesis is the formation of embryos from plant’s somatic cells. It is widely used in biotechnology for reproduction of plants, studying of regeneration process and it also represents a convenient way to obtain transgenic plants. Currently, a solid medium is usually used for the formation of transgenic somatic embryos, which has a number of disadvantages.
We are developing a system for cultivating explants in a liquid medium for the transformation and formation of somatic embryos forMedicago truncatula. Unlike a solid medium, it should allow using petioles as explants, simplify the renewal of the medium, replace disposable cultivation containers with reusable ones, and also reduce the time required for the formation of somatic embryos.
Currently, the optimal concentration of hygromycin as a selective agent in such a system was found. Interestingly, it appeared to be lower than the selective hygromycin concentration in a solid medium.
The addition of cefotaxime to the medium reduces the number of somatic embryos formed, but does not completely suppress their formation. Thus, cefotaxime can be used to eliminate agrobacteria during transformation using this cultivation system.
Embryos withGUSoverexpression transformed with this method were successfully obtained.
Knockout of the tomato translational elongation factor using CRISPR-Cas9 technology
Authors: Baranov Denis Yu. , Dolgov Sergey V. , Timerbaev Vadim R.
Published: December 2023

Pathogenic viruses cause severe tomato losses around the world despite the development of both classical breeding and biotechnological methods. Since replication of phytoviruses involves the interaction between viral components and host plant factors, therefore loss-of-function mutations in the latters can confer viral resistance in plants. There are evidences that eukaryotic translation elongation factor 1 (eEF1) proteins are involved in the replication of some plant viruses. However, the involvement of individual subunits of the eEF1B in the viral cycle is still poorly understood.
This work is devoted to the study of the role of the eEF1B factor in the development of tomato virus infection. The contribution of each of the α, β and γ subunits of the eEF1B factor to tomato viral resistance will be determined by CRISPR-Cas9-induced targeted mutagenesis of corresponding gene sequences. As an applied aspect, we expect to find ways to create tomato plants with increased resistance to certain viral diseases. A series of binary vectors contained sequences encoded different RNAs targeting the eEF1B subunit genes was constructed. As a result of Agrobacterium-mediated transformation of tomato, more than 300 independent transgenic lines were obtained. The presence of expression cassettes with functional genes (Cas9 and sgRNAs) was confirmed by PCR. The presence of mutations in target sequences was detected using T7E1 analysis and sequencing. It turned out that the majority of transgenic lines carrying mutations have a chimeric genotype, and mutations of the target genes in the homozygous state were not detected. The propagation of self-pollinated transgenic plants under greenhouse condition and following analyses of target genes to segregate the insertion of foreign DNA and obtain homozygous mutations in eEF1B subunit sequences are in progress.
Study of functional features of plant root systems using CRISPR/Cas-mediated genome editing
Authors: Kiryushkin Alexey S. , Ilina Elena L. , Demchenko Kirill N.
Published: December 2023

CRISPR/Cas-mediated genome editing is a powerful tool of plant functional genomics. Hairy root transformation is a rapid and convenient approach for obtaining transgenic roots. When combined, these techniques represent a fast and effective means of studying gene function [1, 2].
A common construct for efficient genome editing and selection of hairy roots is comprised of three components, i.e., a cassette carrying the gene encoding the Cas nuclease, a cassette expressing the guide RNA (gRNA), and a cassette encoding a screenable or selectable marker [2]. After design and construction, the resulting vector is used to transform plant using appropriateRhizobium rhizogenesstrain.
Over 26 plant species have been used in experiments combining genome editing and hairy root transformation to date [2]. Possible applications of CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing using hairy root transformation include different directions like test the efficiency of the CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing; obtaining whole genome-edited plants regenerated from individual edited hairy roots; investigation of root development or root function, root nodule symbiosis, resistance to biotic or abiotic stresses, or metabolic engineering [2].
The basic principles of plant CRISPR/Cas genome editing like the different components of CRISPR/Cas vectors, the types of Cas nuclease, design principles of gRNAs, as well as the possible applications of CRISPR/Cas genome editing in hairy roots will discuss. The application of this method for multigene editing strategy will also be demonstrated onDEEPER ROOTING1genes of cucumber.
The study was supported by the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation (Grant No. 075-15-2021-1056).
The MtWOX genes in the regulation of Medicago truncatula somatic embryogenesis
Authors: Efremova Elena P. , Tvorogova Varvara E. , Lutova Ludmila A.
Published: December 2023

Plant somatic cells can be reprogrammed into totipotent embryonic cells that are able to form embryos in a process called somatic embryogenesis (SE). SE can occur naturally in some plant species and it is widely used for the plant’s genetic transformation and regeneration.
This process is regulated by hormone treatment and many proteins, among which WUSCHEL-related homeobox (WOX) transcription factors are believed to play crucial roles. Our previous studies have shown thatMtWOX9-1stimulates SE inMedicago truncatula. The aim of the present research was to search for newMtWOXgenes regulating SE. In this study, using transcriptomic data and literature data, we had selected several genes with an increased expression level during SE or in the generative organs and examined the overexpression effect of these genes on the SE ability. It was found that explants of theM.truncatulaembryogenic line, transformed with the construct forMtWOX6-likeoverexpression, develop more somatic embryos compared to the control.
Our findings could be a helpful point for searching and studying new morphogenic regulators controlling SE and could have a positive impact on plant biotechnology in improving the transformation and regeneration capacity for other legumes.
This work was supported by the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation in accordance with agreement No. 075-15-2022-322 date 22.04.2022 on providing a grant in the form of subsidies from the Federal budget of Russian Federation. The grant was provided for state support for the creation and development of a World-class Scientific Center “Agrotechnologies for the Future”.
Transplastomic plants — new approaches to solving “old” problems
Authors: Sidorchuk Yuriy V. , Belavin Pavel A. , Zagorskaya Alla A. , Khairulina Elena S. , Deineko Elena V.
Published: December 2023

Transplastomic plants are capable to accumulate the significant amounts (up to 70% of TSP) of target recombinant proteins in tissues. However, the production of such forms is severely limited by the low yield of initial transformants. This problem requires the development and optimization of new approaches to the delivery of transgenes into chloroplasts and an increase in the frequency of their integration into the plastome. Transplastomic tobacco plants expressing thegfpreporter gene and theaadAselectable marker under the control of thePrrnG10Lpromoter and theTpsbAterminator were obtained in the laboratory of plant bioengineering. It is known that the selected promoter and insertion region (between the tRNA genes of isoleucine and alanine) are capable to provide a high yield of recombinant proteins in the leaves of transplastomic plants [1]. However, the content of recombinant GFP in the leaves of the obtained transplastomic plants was determined at the level of 0.12%, and the variability for this trait was minimal and ranged from 0.09 to 0.16% of TSP. Insufficient accumulation of the target protein in transformants is not associated with transcription disorders or the presence of non-transgenic copies of the plastome. Probably, the low frequency of transformation and the lack of variability between the transformants are the reasons that make it difficult to select highly productive forms. It is proposed to increase the efficiency of targeted delivery of genetic constructs to plastids using single-walled carbon nanotubes loaded with recombinant DNA. This process can also be facilitated by our proposed approach to increase the frequency of DNA double-strand breaks in target regions of the plastome through the use of the CRISPR-Cas9 genome editing system.
This work was supported by the Russian Science Foundation grant No. 23-24-00545.
Teaching interdisciplinary courses on responsible conduct in the life sciences — implications for biorisk assessments of GMOs
Authors: Himmel Mirko , Malygina Anastasia A. , Dukhinova Marina S.
Published: December 2023

Genetic engineering is a powerful set of methods used in basic research, biomedicine, and biotechnology. In the molecular biology laboratory, there are established standards in biosafety to protect humans and the environment from unwanted consequences of genetic engineering although internationally agreed, legally binding biosafety standards have not been developed yet. The World Health Organisation as one international actor provides a “Laboratory Biosafety Manual” outlining key biosafety standards and a “Guidance framework for the responsible use of the life sciences” to foster biorisk assessment strategies which could be implemented by national research institutions [1, 2]. Practitioners in both the life sciences and in biotechnology should be trained in comprehensive biorisk assessments which would also further strengthen the implementation of the international agreement on banning biological weapons [3]. Recently, we reported about lessons learned from conducting two iterations of an international interdisciplinary online workshop on responsible conduct in the life sciences [4]. Here, we provide insights from the third workshop and the impact of the lessons learned from this long-standing workshop series on the own work in the molecular biology laboratories of the organisers in respect to biorisk assessments and science communication.
CRISPR/Cas based genome editing in microalgae
Authors: Virolainen Pavel A. , Chekunova Elena M.
Published: December 2023

CRISPR/Cas systems are presently the most attractive genome editing technology, that is widely used for genetic engineering of various crops and industrial microorganisms. Currently, application of the CRISPR/Cas based genome editing promises advances in microalgae biotechnology aimed at boosting the output of biofuels and valuable bioactive compounds. However, algae remain relatively complex objects for genetic manipulation [1]. The main problems are associated with the need of a species-oriented approach when creating a transformation toolbox due to the peculiarities in the structure of membranes and the cell wall of a particular taxon. The proper selection and design of a CRISPR construct is also required due to the possible presence of a powerful silencing system against introduced genetic constructs in the cell. These difficulties explain the low efficiency of microalgae transformation and the meager list of successfully edited species [1, 2].
The first instance of genome editing in microalgae using CRISPR/Cas was reported inChlamydomonas reinhardtiiP.A. Dang [3]. To date, four transformation methods (Agrobacterium-mediated, particle bombardment, glass beads agitation, electroporation) have been successfully used for editing (knock-in and knock-out) theC. reinhardtiigenome with two types of CRISPR constructs (plasmid and ribonucleoprotein). The developed protocols make it possible to achieve high efficiency of genomic editing — for example, in our study it varied from 10.6% to 68.8% [4]. These benefits along with completely sequenced genome, well-studied genetics, accessibility and haplontic life cycle makesC.reinhardtiian outstanding model organism for CRISPR/Cas application in microalgae research [5].
Genetically modified legume plants as a basis for studying the signal regulation of symbiosis with nodule bacteria
Authors: Dolgikh Elena A. , Kantsurova Elizaveta S. , Kozyulina Polina Yu. , Bovin Andrey D. , Dolgikh Alexandra V. , Dymo Alina M. , Kozlov Nikolai V.
Published: December 2023

The development of legume-rhizobium symbiosis is based on signal exchange between partners, which leads to the formation of nitrogen-fixing root nodules. Under the influence of rhizobial signal molecules, the Nod factors, the signal transduction cascade is activated, where the LysM-type receptor kinases and a complex of intracellular regulators, a significant part of which are still unknown, can play an important role.
Using transcriptomic and proteomic analysis, we searched for new regulators of the signal pathway in pea Pisum sativum L., which are activated under the influence of Nod factors. Phospholipases C and D, GTPases, calcium-dependent protein kinases, and mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) have been identified among such novel regulators. The influence of one of such regulators, the MAPK6, on the development of symbiosis was studied in more detail. Using genetic engineering approaches, we increased the transcriptional activity of MAPK6 in transgenic roots, which led to an increase in the number of nodules and the biomass of pea plants. A similar effect was also found for the homologous MAPK6 gene in another legume Medicago truncatula, which has a type of nodulation similar to that one in pea. New approaches have been developed to obtain stable pea transformants with enhanced level of MAPK6 transcription using the constitutive p35S promoter. A comprehensive study of such plants inoculated with rhizobia was carried out. In addition, the approaches for genome editing of pea plants have been designed using the CRISPR/Cas system, when the MAPK6 gene was used as a target. Thus, the possibility of using genetic engineering methods to obtain plants with increased symbiosis efficiency was investigated.
Residual Neural Networks for Human Action Recognition from RGB-D Videos
Authors: Subbareddy K. Venkata , Pavani B. Pavani , Sowmya G. , Ramadevi N.
Published: December 2023

Recently, the RGB-D based Human Action Recognition (HAR) has gained significant research attention due to the provision of complimentary information by different data modalities. However, the current models have experienced still unsatisfactory results due to several problems including noises and view point variations between different actions. To sort out these problems, this paper proposes two new action descriptors namely Modified Depth Motion Map (MDMM) and Spherical Redundant Joint Descriptor (SRJD). MDMM eliminates the noises from depth maps and preserves only the action related information. Further SRJD ensures resilience against view point variations and reduces the misclassifications between different actions with similar view properties. Further, to maximize the recognition accuracy, standard deep learning algorithm called as Residual Neural Network (ResNet) is used to train the system through the features extracted from MDMM and SRJD. Simulation experiments prove that the multiple data modalities are better than single data modality. The proposed approach was tested on two public datasets namely NTURGB+D dataset and UTD-MHAD dataset. The testing results declare that the proposed approach is superior to the earlier HAR methods. On an average, the proposed system gained an accuracy of 90.0442% and 92.3850% at Cross-subject and Cross-view validations respectively.
Melanoma Detection Based on SVM Using MATLAB
Authors: Khaleel Radhwan M. W. , Basheer Nasseer M.
Published: December 2023

Skin cancer has become the fifth-most dangerous type of cancer. Melanoma, the most ferocious type of skin cancer, should be detected and treated to reduce the risk of spreading to the rest of the body’s organs. This study aims to provide fast and painless detection of skin cancer using image processing, including enhancement and extraction of interesting features for the characterization and classification of infected skin images into melanoma or nonmelanoma in MATLAB. The features used for texture analysis of inserted images are the Gray Level Co-occurrence Matrix (GLCM) and Local Binary Pattern (LBP). The classification of melanoma and non-melanoma is done by training a Support Vector Machine (SVM) using the radial basis function kernel. The accuracy of testing is 94.87%.
Spatial Pyramid Attention Enhanced Visual Descriptors for Landmark Retrieval
Authors: Pipanmekaporn Luepol , Kamonsantiroj Suwatchai , Ratanavilisagul Chiabwoot , Prasomphan Sathit
Published: December 2023

Landmark retrieval, which aims to search for landmark images similar to a query photo within a massive image database, has received considerable attention for many years. Despite this, finding landmarks quickly and accurately still presents some unique challenges. To tackle these challenges, we present a deep learning model, called the Spatial-Pyramid Attention network (SPA). This network is an end-to-end convolutional network, incorporating a spatial-pyramid attention layer that encodes the input image, leveraging the spatial pyramid structure to highlight regional features based on their relative spatial distinctiveness. An image descriptor is then generated by aggregating these regional features. According to our experiments on benchmark datasets including Oxford5k, Paris6k, and Landmark-100, our proposed model, SPA, achieves mean Average Precision (mAP) accuracy of 85.3% with the Oxford dataset, 89.6% with the Paris dataset, and 80.4% in the Landmark-100 dataset, outperforming existing state-of-theart deep image retrieval models.
Using Random Forest Algorithm to Grading Mango's Quality Based on External Features Extracted from Captured Images
Authors: Trieu Nguyen Minh , Thinh Nguyen Truong
Published: December 2023

The grading of mango is still a manual process in agriculture. Nowadays, mangoes are classified based on human experience, which makes the grade not uniform for agricultural product export establishments. Therefore, the automated grading of mango is very important to solve these problems. In this study, a random forest algorithm is proposed for an automated mango grading system based on quality attributes such as density, surface defect, and weight. The internal features including dimensions and surface defects are extracted via the captured image. These features are combined with the weight to estimate density. This study uses 732 mangoes that are collected from several local farms. The experiment of the grading system has high accuracy with 98.3%. Instead of using Non-Destructive Testing (NDT) equipment, this grading method can be used to apply to evaluate the quality of other tropical fruits.
Exploring Stakeholders’Perceptions and Experiences at the 10-Year Mark of the Open Recruitment System
Authors:   The Korea Association of Yeolin Education, Lee Hyo Jung , Jang Hwan Young , Jeon Sue Bin
Published: December 2023

This study conducted focus group interviews with principals, teachers, and parents who participated in each type of principal search to understand their perceptions and experiences with the principal recruitment system process which began in 2012. As a result, the following three major themes and 11 sub themes were identified: first, before the start of the principal recruitment system, secondly, “lights and shadows” of the principal recruitment system operating schools, and, lastly, remaining challenges and suggestions. The results showed that the principal recruitment system was mainly initiated as a breakthrough to solve school change needs and problems, and in particular, stable customized school operation and active educational activities were mentioned as the biggest strengths. However, the perception of “hard school with a lot of work” and the negative view of the principal recruitment system still remain. Based on the current status of the principal search system, remaining challenges and suggestions were discussed.
The modified socket shield technique with immediate implant placement-A case report with procedural tips
Authors: Kanathila Hema , Pangi Ashwin , Patil Suvidha , Thomas Betsy Sara , Poojary Bharathi
Published: December 2023

The tooth root always aids in preserving the surrounding hard and soft tissues, favouring their functionality and aesthetics. Resorption of the alveolar bone following tooth extraction leads to deficits in both the hard and soft tissues. In order to prevent resorption after extraction, immediate implant placement, the use of graft materials, and the use of barrier membranes have all been reported in the literature. Despite different degrees of cortical bone preservation, none of these procedures completely avoided mid-facial recession after immediate implant placement. The socket shield technique can be used to prevent this. Here, in this clinical case report we present “the modified socket shield technique” in achieving successful aesthetic and functional outcome with procedural tips.
Rehabilitation of an ocular defect with custom ocular prosthesis- A case report
Authors: Salvi Raj Chandrakant , Chauhan Manish , Tembhurne Jyoti , Gangurde Arti , Shetty Pratiksha
Published: December 2023

This abstract introduces a custom ocular prosthesis crafted from tooth-colored acrylic. This innovative prosthesis offers a natural and aesthetically pleasing solution for individuals with ocular defects. The tooth-colored acrylic material seamlessly blends with surrounding tissues, enhancing both cosmetic appearance and comfort. The fabrication process employs advanced techniques to ensure a personalized fit and accurate color matching. The prosthesis not only restores visual symmetry but also boosts the individual's self-esteem and overall quality of life. By addressing cosmetic and functional concerns, this advancement in ocular prosthetics holds the potential to significantly improve the quality of life for those in need of such interventions.