bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A strategy for computing seismic attributes on depth-migrated data using time-shift gathers
Authors: Roberts Mark
Published: February 2017

Assumptions made during postprocessing can be as important as those made during migration. Prestack depth migration (PSDM) is often used due to its ability to handle lateral velocity variations and dipping events. However, most postprocessing flows still use a simple 1D “depth-to-time” vertical stretch, violating the very assumptions that led us to use PSDM. Postprocessing workflows based on time-shift depth image gathers allow for postprocessing flows that make no further approximations other than those made in migration. For cases in which time-shift gathers are not computed during migration, they can be approximated by use of the “exploding-reflector” model or through an orthogonal shift and interpolation method.
Closing the seismic resolution gap of fractures through seismic and image-log analysis, a North Sea case study
Authors: Williams Ryan Michael , Pascual-Cebrian Enric , Gutmanis Jon Charles , Paton Gaynor Suzanne
Published: February 2017

The “seismic resolution gap” has been an area of ambiguity ever since the results of 3D seismic interpretation have been used as inputs for modeling purposes because many important structural events such as fractures are at or below seismic resolution, which can impinge reservoir properties such as porosity and permeability. Having the means to accurately map these events with confidence has always been a challenge. More often than not, localized mapping of these features at borehole conditions can be achieved by core or image-log analysis. Seismic-derived attributes have assisted in improving the interwell geologic understanding in a lateral sense, but they are always hampered by vertical resolution. Enhanced imaging, such as cyan-magenta-yellow blending of attributes, has helped improve the lateral understanding of fracture patterns and networks, as shown in this workflow, but the challenge with vertical resolution still persists. However, by combining borehole and seismic data studies in a distinct workflow, it has become possible to identify overlaps and misalignments, which in turn has assisted in identification of discrete structural patterns not previously identified because of the seismic resolution gap. These results will then be used to improve the confidence of structural interpretation and static fracture models, which all go toward improving reservoir simulation models and geologic understanding.
An electric-based dual-mode tomography system for interpretation on two-phase flow in oil wells
Authors: Zhang Kuo , Wu Xiling , Yan Jingfu , Cai Jiatie
Published: February 2017

The difficulty for most existing electric/magnetic tomography approaches is the ill-posed characteristic of the inverse problem. Multimode measurement aims to improve the accuracy and efficiency of imaging by fusion of different data forms. We have established an electric-based dual-mode tomography system especially including an innovative image reconstruction algorithm with objectivity. The quality of the reconstructed images is assessed through the comparative study of various algorithms for four typical two-phase flow distributions in oil wells. The most precise result of the newly proposed algorithm indicates the development potential of electric-based dual-mode tomography for well-logging interpretation.
tBRD-1 and tBRD-2 regulate expression of genes necessary for spermatid differentiation
Authors: Theofel Ina , Bartkuhn Marek , Boettger Thomas , Gärtner Stefanie M. K. , Kreher Judith , Brehm Alexander , Rathke Christina
Published: February 2017

Male germ cell differentiation proceeds to a large extent in the absence of active gene transcription. In Drosophila, hundreds of genes whose proteins are required during post-meiotic spermatid differentiation (spermiogenesis) are transcribed in primary spermatocytes. Transcription of these genes depends on the sequential action of the testis meiotic arrest complex (tMAC), Mediator complex, and testis-specific TFIID (tTFIID) complex. How the action of these protein complexes is coordinated and which other factors are involved in the regulation of transcription in spermatocytes is not well understood. Here, we show that the bromodomain proteins tBRD-1 and tBRD-2 regulate gene expression in primary spermatocytes and share a subset of target genes. The function of tBRD-1 was essential for the sub-cellular localization of endogenous tBRD-2 but dispensable for its protein stability. Our comparison of different microarray data sets showed that in primary spermatocytes, the expression of a defined number of genes depend on the function of the bromodomain proteins tBRD-1 and tBRD-2, the tMAC component Aly, the Mediator component Med22, and the tTAF Sa.
Transient translational quiescence in primordial germ cells
Authors: Oulhen Nathalie , Swartz S. Zachary , Laird Jessica , Mascaro Alexandra , Wessel Gary M.
Published: February 2017

Stem cells in animals often exhibit a slow cell cycle and/or low transcriptional activity referred to as quiescence. Here, we report that the translational activity in the primordial germ cells (PGCs) of the sea urchin embryo (Strongylocentrotus purpuratus) is quiescent. We measured new protein synthesis with O-propargyl-puromycin and L-homopropargylglycine Click-iT technologies, and determined that these cells synthesize protein at only 6% the level of their adjacent somatic cells. Knockdown of translation of the RNA-binding protein Nanos2 by morpholino antisense oligonucleotides, or knockout of the Nanos2 gene by CRISPR/Cas9 resulted in a significant, but partial, increase (47%) in general translation specifically in the PGCs. We found that the mRNA of the translation factor eEF1A is excluded from the PGCs in a Nanos2-dependent manner, a consequence of a Nanos/Pumilio response element (PRE) in its 3′UTR. In addition to eEF1A, the cytoplasmic pH of the PGCs appears to repress translation and simply increasing the pH also significantly restores translation selectively in the PGCs. We conclude that the PGCs of this sea urchin institute parallel pathways to quiesce translation thoroughly but transiently.
Genetic dissection of anterior segment dysgenesis caused by aCol4a1mutation
Authors: Mao Mao , Kiss Márton , Ou Yvonne , Gould Douglas B.
Published: February 2017

Ocular anterior segment dysgenesis (ASD) describes a spectrum of clinically and genetically heterogeneous congenital disorders affecting anterior structures that often lead to impaired vision. More importantly, between 50–75% of patients with ASD develop early onset and aggressive glaucoma. Although several genes have been implicated in the etiology of ASD, the underlying mechanisms remain elusive. Type IV collagen alpha 1 (COL4A1) is an extracellular matrix protein and a critical component of nearly all basement membranes. COL4A1 mutations cause multi-system disorders in patients, including ASD (congenital cataracts, Axenfeld-Rieger's anomaly, Peter's anomaly and microphthalmia) and congenital or juvenile glaucoma. Here, we use a conditional Col4a1 mutation in mice to determine the location and timing of pathogenic events underlying COL4A1-related ocular dysgenesis. Our results suggest that selective expression of the Col4a1 mutation in neural crest cells and their derivatives is not sufficient to cause ocular dysgenesis and that selective expression of the Col4a1 mutation in vascular endothelial cells can lead to mild ASD and optic nerve hypoplasia but only on a sensitized background. In contrast, lens-specific expression of the conditional Col4a1 mutant allele led to cataracts, mild ASD and optic nerve hypoplasia, and age-related intraocular pressure dysregulation and optic nerve damage. Finally, ubiquitous expression of the conditional Col4a1 mutation at distinct developmental stages suggests that pathogenesis likely takes place before E12.5. Our results support that lens and possibly vasculature play important roles in Col4a1-related ASD and that the pathogenic events occur at mid-embryogenesis in mice, during early stages of ocular development.
Vulnerability to oxygen-glucose deprivation of primary neurons derived from Tg2576 Alzheimer mice: role of intraneuronal Abeta accumulation and astrocytes.
Authors: Baldassarro Vito Antonio , Marchesini Alessandra , Giardino Luciana , Calzà Laura
Published: February 2017

Microvascular dysfunction is considered an integral part of Alzheimer disease (AD) pathogenesis, but the possible relationship between amyloid pathology, microvascular dysfunction and cell death is still unclear. In order to investigate the influence of intraneuronal Abeta (Aβ) accumulation on vulnerability to hypoxia, we isolated primary cortical neurons from Tg2576 (carrying the APPSwe mutation) and Wt fetal mice. We first demonstrated that neurons isolated from Tg2576 new-born mice show an increase in VEGFa mRNA expression and a decrease in the expression of the two VEGF receptors, i.e. Flt1 and Kdr, compared to Wt cells. Moreover, APPSwe primary neurons displayed higher spontaneous and glutamate-induced cell death. We then exposed the cultures to Oxygen Glucose Deprivation (OGD) as an in vitro model of hypoxia. When exposed to OGD, APPSwe neurons also display higher cell death in terms of percentage of pyknotic/fragmented nuclei and mitochondrial depolarization, accompanied by an increase in the Amyloid beta intraneuronal content. To explore the influence of intraneuroal amyloid peptide accumulation, we used the gamma-secretase inhibitor LY450139, which showed that the reduction of the intracellular amyloid fully protects APPSwe neurons from OGD-induced degeneration. To explore the possible role of astrocytes in OGD, conditioned media from OGD-exposed astrocyte obtained from either Tg2576 and Wt animals were used during neuron exposure to OGD, showing that they protect both Wt and APPSwe neurons during OGD. In conclusion, we showed that the presence of the mutated human APP gene, leading to the intracellular accumulation of APP and Abeta fragments worsens OGD toxicity. Neuroprotection of APPSwe neurons can be obtained either using a γ-secretase inhibitor or astrocyte conditioned medium.
Drosophilamodel of myeloproliferative neoplasm reveals a feed-forward loop in the JAK pathway mediated by p38 MAPK signalling
Authors: Terriente-Félix Ana , Pérez Lidia , Bray Sarah J. , Nebreda Angel R. , Milán Marco
Published: February 2017

Myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs) of the Philadelphia-negative class comprise polycythemia vera, essential thrombocythemia and primary myelofibrosis (PMF). They are associated with aberrant amounts of myeloid lineage cells in the blood, and in the case of overt PMF, with the development of myelofibrosis in the bone marrow and the failure to produce normal blood cells. These diseases are usually caused by gain-of-function mutations in the kinase JAK2. Here we use Drosophila to investigate the consequences of activation of the JAK2 ortholog in hematopoiesis. We have identified the maturing hemocytes in the lymph gland, the major hematopoietic organ in the fly, as the cell population susceptible to induce hypertrophy upon targeted overexpression of JAK. We show that JAK activates a feed-forward loop including the cytokine-like ligand Upd3 and its receptor Domeless, which are required to induce lymph gland hypertrophy. Moreover, we present evidence that p38 MAPK signalling plays a key role in this process by inducing the expression of the ligand Upd3. Interestingly, we also show that forced activation of the p38 MAPK pathway in maturing hemocytes suffices to generate hypertrophic organs and the appearance of melanotic tumours. Our results illustrate a novel pro-tumorigenic cross-talk between the p38 MAPK pathway and JAK signalling in a Drosophila model of MPNs. Based on the shared molecular mechanisms underlying MPNs in flies and humans, the interplay between Drosophila JAK and p38 signalling pathways unravelled in this work might have translational relevance for human MPNs.
Heterozygous Vangl2
Looptail mice reveal novel roles for the planar cell polarity pathway in adult lung homeostasis and repair
Authors: Poobalasingam Thanushiyan , Yates Laura L. , Walker Simone A. , Pereira Miguel , Gross Nina Y. , Ali Akmol , Kolatsi-Joannou Maria , Jarvelin Marjo-Riitta , Pekkanen Juha , Papakrivopoulou Eugenia , Long David A. , Griffiths Mark , Wagner Darcy , Königshoff Melanie , Hind Matthew , Minelli Cosetta , Lloyd Clare M. , Dean Charlotte H.
Published: February 2017

Lung diseases impose a huge economic and health burden worldwide. A key aspect of several adult lung diseases, such as Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) and Chronic Obstructive pulmonary Disease (COPD), including emphysema, is aberrant tissue repair, which leads to an accumulation of damage and impaired respiratory function. Currently, there are few effective treatments available for these diseases and their incidence is rising.

The Planar Cell Polarity (PCP) pathway is critical for the embryonic development of many organs, including kidney and lung. We have previously shown that perturbation of the PCP pathway impairs tissue morphogenesis, which disrupts the number and shape of epithelial tubes formed within these organs during embryogenesis. However, very little is known about the role of the PCP pathway beyond birth, partly due to the perinatal lethality of many PCP mouse mutant lines.

Here we have investigated heterozygous Looptail (Lp) mice, in which a single copy of the core PCP gene, Vangl2, is disrupted. We show that these mice are viable but display severe airspace enlargement and impaired adult lung function. Underlying these defects, we find that Vangl2Lp/+ lungs exhibit altered distribution of actin microfilaments and abnormal regulation of the actin modifying protein cofilin. In addition, we show that Vangl2Lp/+ lungs exhibit many of the hallmarks of tissue damage including an altered macrophage population, abnormal elastin deposition and elevated levels of the elastin-modifying enzyme, Mmp12, all of which are observed in the lung disease, emphysema.

In vitro, VANGL2 disruption impairs directed cell migration and reduces the rate of repair following scratch wounding of human alveolar epithelial cells. Moreover, using population data from a birth cohort of young adults, all aged 31, we found evidence of an interactive effect between VANGL2 and smoking (a tissue damaging insult) on lung function. Finally, we show that that PCP genes VANGL2 and SCRIBBLE (SCRIB) are significantly downregulated in lung tissue from patients with emphysema.

Our data reveals an important novel role for the PCP pathway in adult lung homeostasis and repair and sheds new light on the genetic factors which may modify destructive lung diseases such as emphysema.
The centriolar satellite protein CCDC66 interacts with CEP290 and functions in cilium formation and trafficking
Authors: Conkar Deniz , Culfa Efraim , Odabasi Ezgi , Rauniyar Navin , Yates John R. , Firat-Karalar Elif N.
Published: February 2017

Centriolar satellites are membrane-less structures that localize and move around the centrosome and cilium complex in a microtubule-dependent manner. They play important roles in centrosome- and cilium-related processes, including protein trafficking to the centrosome and cilium complex, and ciliogenesis, and they are implicated in ciliopathies. Despite the important regulatory roles of centriolar satellites in the assembly and function of the centrosome and cilium complex, the molecular mechanisms of their functions remain poorly understood. To dissect the mechanism for their regulatory roles during ciliogenesis, we performed an analysis to determine the proteins that localize in close proximity to the satellite protein CEP72, among which was the retinal degeneration gene product CCDC66. We identified CCDC66 as a microtubule-associated protein that dynamically localizes to the centrosome, centriolar satellites and the primary cilium throughout the cell cycle. Like the BBSome component BBS4, CCDC66 distributes between satellites and the primary cilium during ciliogenesis. CCDC66 has extensive proximity interactions with centrosome and centriolar satellite proteins, and co-immunoprecipitation experiments revealed interactions between CCDC66, CEP290 and PCM1. Ciliogenesis, ciliary recruitment of BBS4 and centriolar satellite organization are impaired in cells depleted for CCDC66. Taken together, our findings identify CCDC66 as a targeting factor for centrosome and cilium proteins.
Non-coding Y RNAs associate with early replicating euchromatin in concordance with the origin recognition complex
Authors: Kheir Eyemen , Krude Torsten
Published: February 2017

Non-coding Y RNAs are essential for the initiation of chromosomal DNA replication in vertebrates, yet their association with chromatin during the cell cycle is not characterised. Here, we quantify human Y RNA levels in soluble and chromatin-associated intracellular fractions and investigate, topographically, their dynamic association with chromatin during the cell cycle. We find that, on average, about a million Y RNA molecules are present in the soluble fraction of a proliferating cell, and 5–10-fold less are in association with chromatin. These levels decrease substantially during quiescence. No significant differences are apparent between cancer and non-cancer cell lines. Y RNAs associate with euchromatin throughout the cell cycle. Their levels are 2–4-fold higher in S phase than in G1 phase or mitosis. Y RNAs are not detectable at active DNA replication foci, and re-associate with replicated euchromatin during mid and late S phase. The dynamics and sites of Y1 RNA association with chromatin are in concordance with those of the origin recognition complex (ORC). Our data therefore suggest a functional role of Y RNAs in a common pathway with ORC.
Speed-dependent modulation of wing muscle recruitment intensity and kinematics in two bat species
Authors: Konow Nicolai , Cheney Jorn A. , Roberts Thomas J. , Iriarte-Díaz Jose , Breuer Kenneth S. , Waldman J. Rhea S. , Swartz Sharon M.
Published: February 2017

Animals respond to changes in power requirements during locomotion by modulating the intensity of recruitment of their propulsive musculature, but many questions concerning how muscle recruitment varies with speed across modes of locomotion remain unanswered. We measured average muscle recruitment intensity (aEMG) for pectoralis major and biceps brachii at different flight speeds in two relatively distantly related bat species: the aerial insectivore Eptesicus fuscus, and the primarily fruit eating Carollia perspicillata. These ecologically distinct species employ different flight behaviors but possess similar wing aspect ratio, wing loading and body mass. Because propulsive requirements usually correlate with body size, and aEMG likely reflects force, we hypothesized that these species would deploy similar speed-dependent aEMG modulation. Instead, we found that aEMG was speed-independent in E. fuscus and modulated in a U-shaped or linearly increasing relationship with speed in C. perspicillata. This interspecific difference may be related to differences in muscle fiber type composition and/or overall patterns of recruitment of the large ensemble of muscles that participate in actuating the highly articulated bat wing. We also found interspecific differences in the speed-dependence of 3D wing kinematics: E. fuscus modulates wing flexion during upstroke significantly more than C. perspicillata. Overall, we observe two different strategies to increase flight speed; C. perspicillata tends to modulate aEMG and E. fuscus tends to modulate wing kinematics. These strategies may reflect different requirements for avoiding negative lift and overcoming drag during slow and fast flight respectively, a subject we suggest merits further study.
Potencies of effector genes in silencing odor-guided behavior inDrosophila melanogaster
Authors: Retzke Tom , Thoma Michael , Hansson Bill S. , Knaden Markus
Published: February 2017

The genetic toolbox in Drosophila offers a multitude of different effector constructs to silence neurons and neuron populations. In this study we investigated the potencies of several effector genes – when expressed in olfactory sensory neurons (OSNs) – to abolish odor-guided behavior in three different bioassays. We find that two of the tested effectors (tetanus toxin and Kir2.1) are capable of mimicking the Orco mutant phenotype in all of our behavioral paradigms. In both cases the effectiveness depended on effector expression levels as full suppression of odor-guided behavior was observed only in flies homozygous for both Gal4-driver and UAS-effector constructs. Interestingly, the impact of the effector genes differed between chemotactic assays (i.e. the fly has to follow an odor gradient to localize the odor source) and anemotactic assays (i.e. the fly has to walk upwind after detecting an attractive odorant). In conclusion, our results underline the importance of performing appropriate control experiments when exploiting the Drosophila genetic toolbox and demonstrate that some odor-guided behaviors are more resistant to genetic perturbations than others.
Competitive folding of RNA structures at a termination–antitermination site
Authors: Ait-Bara Soraya , Clerté Caroline , Declerck Nathalie , Margeat Emmanuel
Published: February 2017

Antitermination is a regulatory process based on the competitive folding of terminator–antiterminator structures that can form in the leader region of nascent transcripts. In the case of the Bacillus subtilis licS gene involved in β-glucosides utilization, the binding of the antitermination protein LicT to a short RNA hairpin (RAT) prevents the formation of an overlapping terminator and thereby allows transcription to proceed. Here, we monitored in vitro the competition between termination and antitermination by combining bulk and single-molecule fluorescence-based assays using labeled RNA oligonucleotide constructs of increasing length that mimic the progressive transcription of the terminator invading the antiterminator hairpin. Although high affinity binding is abolished as soon as the antiterminator basal stem is disrupted by the invading terminator, LicT can still bind and promote closing of the partially unfolded RAT hairpin. However, binding no longer occurs once the antiterminator structure has been disrupted by the full-length terminator. Based on these findings, we propose a kinetic competition model for the sequential events taking place at the termination–antitermination site, where LicT needs to capture its RAT target before completion of the terminator to remain tightly bound during RNAP pausing, before finally dissociating irreversibly from the elongated licS transcript.
Focal Biliary System Obstruction and Atypical Liver Mass: Intrabiliary Ruptured Cyst Hydatid Case Report
Authors: Mermi Esra Ummuhan , Fidan Nurdan , Murat Muammer
Published: February 2017

Background: Hydatid disease can involve any part of the body, but the liver is the most frequently affected organ. Intrabiliary rupture is one of the most serious complications of a hepatic hydatid cyst. Radiological findings, especially magnetic resonance imaging and magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRI/MRCP), are helpful in the diagnosis of hydatid disease.

Case Report: We present a 48-year-old female patient with complaints of abdominal pain and jaundice. Radiological examination showed a heterogeneous lesion that contained cystic-solid components and millimetric calcifications in the liver. Adjacent intrahepatic bile ducts were dilated.

Conclusions: In geographical areas endemic for hydatid disease, cyst rapture into the bile ducts should be included in the differential diagnosis even in seronegative cases, although it is not typical for hydatid cyst to be found as a mass lesion in the liver on US in patients with right upper quadrant pain and jaundice. Detailed imaging by MRI/MRCP should be done.
ANALYSIS OF LIFTING MECHANISM OPERATION OF HOISTING MACHNIES
Authors: Мудров  , Mudrov Aleksandr
Published: March 2017

The lifting mechanism of hoisting machines is presented as a compound-chain mechanism, parts of which perform different movements. In the study this mechanism is replaced by a two-tier mechanism, equivalent to the action with the real scheme. Based on the principles of theoretical mechanics, theory mechanisms and Dalamber principle, we received a model of work in three periods: start abd acceleration, steady movement, braking and stopping. The model allows to evaluate the existing static and dynamic moments and to take concrete practical solutions. Numerical examples of using the model was offered, the calculated values of moments and power in three periods of work on a particular lifting mechanism were determined. The model is convenient in practical use, because it doesn´t require cumbersome calculations.
Short credits and micro-loans for individuals: advantages, disadvantages, the main options
Authors: Дмитриева  , Dmitrieva Olga
Published: March 2017

In everyday life, unforeseen or unplanned purchases lead to a desire to borrow a small amount on the short term. This problem is known to many people. Currently, the only viable option is short-term loans from commercial banks or micro-loans provided by microfinance institutions. They have their own advantages and disadvantages, and it is designed for a specific audience of potential borrowers. Short-term bank credit is available at any bank that deals with consumer credit borrowers. There are four main types of loans in the short term: a term loan; line of credit; overdraft on a personal map; quick loans. The potential borrower has the ability to get a loan only if certain conditions of the credit institution. Microfinance institutions are engaged in issuing microloans. There are two main types of micro-loans to individuals: consumer loans for a period of one year; term loans to payday. In this type of lending the solvency of the borrower is not evaluated, not studied his income, credit history is not analyzed. The creditworthiness of the borrower is assessed through informal criteria. Despite some limitations and high cost, short-term loans and micro-loans is a great opportunity to purchase desired and necessary goods or solve other consumer problems.
The results of experimental research of rotational conical working unit in the soil canal
Authors: Яруллин  , Yarullin Fanis , Ибятов  , Ibyatov Ravil , Валиев  , Valiev Ayrat , Шириязданов  , Shiriyazdanov Rustem
Published: March 2017

The article presents the results of experimental research of the rotary conical tillage working unit in the soil canal. The authors established a functional dependence of driving force and the rotation speed of the conical working unit from the angles of attack α and inclination to the horizontal level β, as well as the depth of tillage a. The rational value of angles of attack α and inclination of rotation axis to the horizon β was determined, which is providing the minimum driving force or the maximum speed of rotation of working unit. At the same time the extreme points on the tractive effort and the rotational speed are different. Therefore, the rational value of angles α and β can be chosen only as a compromise for different depths of soil treatment are in the following ranges. For а=8 cm: 44 ≤α ≤48, 25 ≤ β ≤28; for а=10 cm: 39 ≤α ≤44, 30 ≤ β ≤31; for а=12 cm: 34 ≤α ≤40, 33 ≤ β ≤37. When operating a conical working unit, we can recommend the following. The angle of inclination of the axis of rotation to the horizontal β and the angle of attack α need to be changed, depending on the processing conditions of the soil. During autumn tillage, you must install the angles α and β to provide the least traction so that to reduce fuel consumption. In spring, when preparing the fields for sowing, in the first place it is placed the quality of the soil, which increases with increasing ω. Therefore, it is necessary to set the angles α and β so, as to maximize the speed of rotation of the working unit.
Canine articular cartilage regeneration using mesenchymal stem cells seeded on platelet rich fibrin
Authors: Kazemi D. , Shams Asenjan K. , Dehdilani N. , Parsa H.
Published: February 2017

Objectives

Mesenchymal stem cells have the ability to differentiate into various cell types, and thus have emerged as promising alternatives to chondrocytes in cell-based cartilage repair methods. The aim of this experimental study was to investigate the effect of bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells combined with platelet rich fibrin on osteochondral defect repair and articular cartilage regeneration in a canine model.

Methods

Osteochondral defects were created on the medial femoral condyles of 12 adult male mixed breed dogs. They were either treated with stem cells seeded on platelet rich fibrin or left empty. Macroscopic and histological evaluation of the repair tissue was conducted after four, 16 and 24 weeks using the International Cartilage Repair Society macroscopic and the O’Driscoll histological grading systems. Results were reported as mean and standard deviation (sd) and compared at different time points between the two groups using the Mann-Whitney U test, with a value < 0.05 considered statistically significant.

Results

Higher cumulative macroscopic and histological scores were observed in stem cell treated defects throughout the study period with significant differences noted at four and 24 weeks (9.25, sd 0.5 vs 7.25, sd 0.95, and 10, sd 0.81 vs 7.5, sd 0.57; p < 0.05) and 16 weeks (16.5, sd 4.04 vs 11, sd 1.15; p < 0.05), respectively. Superior gross and histological characteristics were also observed in stem cell treated defects.

Conclusion

The use of autologous culture expanded bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells on platelet rich fibrin is a novel method for articular cartilage regeneration. It is postulated that platelet rich fibrin creates a suitable environment for proliferation and differentiation of stem cells by releasing endogenous growth factors resulting in creation of a hyaline-like reparative tissue. Cite this article: D. Kazemi, K. Shams Asenjan, N. Dehdilani, H. Parsa. Canine articular cartilage regeneration using mesenchymal stem cells seeded on platelet rich fibrin: Macroscopic and histological assessments. Bone Joint Res 2017;6:98–107. DOI: 10.1302/2046-3758.62.BJR-2016-0188.R1.
Interferon β-1a for the treatment of Ebola virus disease: A historically controlled, single-arm proof-of-concept trial
Authors: Konde Mandy Kader , Baker Darren P. , Traore Fode Amara , Sow Mamadou Saliou , Camara Alioune , Barry Alpha Amadou , Mara Doussou , Barry Abdoulaye , Cone Moussa , Kaba Ibrahima , Richard Amento Ablam , Beavogui Abdoul Habib , Günther Stephan ,   on behalf of European Mobile Laboratory Consortium, Pintilie Melania , Fish Eleanor N.
Published: February 2017

To date there are no approved antiviral drugs for the treatment of Ebola virus disease (EVD). Based on our in vitro evidence of antiviral activity of interferon (IFN)-ß activity against Ebola virus, we conducted a single arm clinical study in Guinea to evaluate the safety and therapeutic efficacy of IFN β-1a treatment for EVD. Nine individuals infected with Ebola virus were treated with IFN β-1a and compared retrospectively with a matched cohort of 21 infected patients receiving standardized supportive care only during the same time period at the same treatment unit. Cognizant of the limitations of having treated only 9 individuals with EVD, the data collected are cautiously considered. When compared to supportive care only, IFN β-1a treatment seemed to facilitate viral clearance from the blood and appeared associated with earlier resolution of disease symptoms. Survival, calculated from the date of consent for those in the trial and date of admission from those in the control cohort, to the date of death, was 19% for those receiving supportive care only, compared to 67% for those receiving supportive care plus IFN β-1a. Given the differences in baseline blood viremia between the control cohort and the IFN-treated cohort, an additional 17 controls were included for a subset analysis, from other treatment units in Guinea, matched with the IFN-treated patients based on age and baseline blood viremia. Subset analyses using this expanded control cohort suggests that patients without IFN β-1a treatment were ~ 1.5–1.9 fold more likely to die than those treated. Viewed altogether the results suggest a rationale for further clinical evaluation of IFN β-1a.
Indigenous Knowledge & Intellectual Property: Negotiating the Spaces
Authors: Janke Terri
Published: February 2017

Abstract
Indigenous knowledge is an integral part of Indigenous
cultural heritage. Knowledge about land, seas, places and
associated songs, stories, social practices, and oral
traditions are important assets for Indigenous communities.
Transmitted from generation to generation, Indigenous
knowledge is constantly reinterpreted by Indigenous people.
Through the existence and transmission of this intangible
cultural heritage, Indigenous people are able to associate
with a communal identity. The recording and fixing of
Indigenous knowledge creates intellectual property (IP),
rights of ownership to the material which the written or
recorded in documents, sound recordings or films.
Intellectual property rights allow the rights owners to
control reproductions of the fixed form. IP laws are
individual based and economic in nature. A concern for
Indigenous people is that the ownership of the intellectual
property which is generated from such processes, if often,
not owned by them. The IP laws impact on the rights of
traditional and Indigenous communities to their cultural
heritage. This paper will explore the international
developments, case studies, published protocols and policy
initiatives concerning the recording, dissemination,
digitisation, and commercial use of Indigenous
knowledge.
Universities as the Gatekeepers of the Intellectual Property of Indigenous People's Medical Knowledge
Authors: Kavelin Chris
Published: February 2017

Abstract This paper will explore the role of universities as one of the most important gatekeepers that facilitate the appropriation of Indigenous medical knowledge (IMK) from Indigenous communities to transnational pharmaceutical corporations. The first section will deconstruct the “denial of dependency” upon IMK. Using case studies, the critique will demonstrate a complex mystification of Indigenous knowledge and labour, and a de-identification of Indigenous people and nature as the source of the medicines appropriated. The last section will analyse the law and policy context of the past 20 years that is responsible for creating a process of academic capitalism that has strengthened this phenomenon.
Indigenous Knowledge and the Convention on Biological Diversity
Authors: Quiggin Robynne
Published: February 2017

Abstract
Australia is rich in biological diversity and Indigenous
Australians hold substantial knowledge about how to care
for and utilise a diverse range of plants and other
biological elements which occur here. Australia has a
specific set of legal and policy obligations arising from
its ratification of the Convention on Biological Diversity
in 1993. This paper looks at some of the ethical,
strategic, and practical issues for Indigenous peoples.
‘Japan Fight. Aboriginal People Fight. European People Fight’: Yolngu Stories from World War II
Authors: Riseman Noah
Published: February 2017

Abstract
Did you know that a Bathurst Islander captured the first
Japanese prisoner of war on Australian soil? Or that a
crucifix saved the life of a crashed American pilot in the
Gulf of Carpentaria? These are excerpts from the rich array
of oral histories of Aboriginal participation in World War
II. This paper presents “highlights” from Yolngu oral
histories of World War II in Arnhem Land, Northern
Territory. Using these stories, the paper begins to explore
some of the following questions: Why did Yolngu participate
in the war effort? How did Yolngu see their role in
relation to white Australia? In what ways did Yolngu
contribute to the security of Australia? How integral was
Yolngu assistance to defence of Australia? Although the
answers to these questions are not finite, this paper aims
to survey some of the Yolngu history of World War II.
Just Push Play: Where Research Meets Video, Online
Authors: Santolo Jason De , Ypinazar Juanita
Published: February 2017

Abstract The term “research” means different things to different people. In terms of outcomes, it is often associated with purely academic formats – the journal article, the chapter, the lecture. However, things are rapidly changing, especially in the way knowledges are generated and shared. So, what happens when we grab some Indigenous legal and policy analysis and mix it up with Web 2.0 design/development expertise? What we get is an exciting pilot project that aims to enhance research dissemination through digital video and online interfaces. This paper shares insights into the collaborative process of creating a pilot research portal.
Australian University Approaches to Indigenous Policy
Authors: Gunstone Andrew
Published: February 2017

Abstract In this paper, I discuss several key issues – governance, employment, research, culture, anti-racism policies, curriculum, student support and student success – that are critically important in enabling universities to meet the educational needs of Indigenous peoples. I also analyse a representative sample of Australian universities and argue that Australian universities have generally failed to adequately address these key issues. Further, I compare this study to a similar study that I conducted in 2000 and analyse any similarities and differences between the two studies.
Beneath the Teaching Iceberg: Exposing the Hidden Support Dimensions of Indigenous Academic Work
Authors: Page Susan , Asmar Christine
Published: February 2017

Abstract
Indigenous students everywhere are known to require
particular types and levels of support as they enter, and
continue their studies within universities. Such support is
often provided by designated support workers employed for
that purpose. Our study of Aboriginal and Torres Strait
Islander academic staff around Australia, however, found
that teaching staff also spend considerable time and effort
supporting their students' learning experiences both in and
out of the classroom. Our findings suggest that this issue
is multi-dimensional and complex. Outwardly, visible
dimensions of Indigenous academic support roles, we found,
are often just the tip of an iceberg. We argue that, while
students' need for support is increasingly well documented,
the informal support roles played by the few Indigenous
academics have been under-reported and may not be visible,
or recognised. Going further, we propose a new conceptual
framework for analysing the unique context in which
Indigenous academic work occurs.
Quality and Efficacy of the Indigenous Tutorial Assistance Scheme (ITAS) for University Students
Authors: Whatman Sue , McLaughlin Juliana , Willsteed Susan , Tyhuis Annie , Beetson Susan
Published: February 2017

Abstract
Designed as a “supplementary” tuition scheme, the
Indigenous Tutorial Assistance Scheme (hereafter referred
to as ITAS) is a strategic initiative of the National
Indigenous Education Policy (DEET, 1989). This paper seeks
to contribute to the literature of the analysis of the
quality and efficacy of ITAS. Currently, the delivery of
ITAS to Indigenous students requires enormous
administration and commitment by the staff of Indigenous
education support centres. In exploring the essential but
problematic provision of ITAS to Indigenous university
students, this paper provides insights into significant
aspects of our program that move beyond assumptions of
student deficit, by researching the quality of teaching and
learning through ITAS, analysing administrative workload,
and sharing innovations to our program as a result of
participatory research with important ITAS
stakeholders.
Critical Reflections on the Central Role of Indigenous Program Facilitators in Education for Social Change
Authors: Pearce Sonya
Published: February 2017

Abstract
This paper is based on my reflections as an Indigenous
academic, working at the coalface with Indigenous students
in the Faculty of Business at the University of Technology
Sydney. These reflections are informed through my
experience of designing, facilitating and teaching a
block-mode program developed specifically for Indigenous
Australians – the Bachelor of Arts in Community Management
and Adult Education. I speak to the challenges of
developing appropriate programs for Indigenous Australians
attempting to effect social change on the ground in
communities and community organisations. The underlying
principles, considerations, and effective strategies for
program design and delivery are described. These highlight
the complex role of facilitators who must manage the
interface between Indigenous community contexts and
knowledge, those of academic knowledge and institutional
practices, and the needs of Indigenous students as learners
and future professionals.
Approaches to theAcademic Preparation andSupport ofAustralian Indigenous Students forTertiary Studies
Authors: Nakata Martin , Nakata Vicky , Chin Michael
Published: February 2017

Abstract
This paper explores how the academic performance of
Indigenous students has been investigated in the higher
education literature and where this fits within the
academic support context and teaching and learning
developments in Australian universities. The authors
suggest an approach to Indigenous academic skills support
that equips Indigenous students with tools for managing
their engagements with the content of Western disciplines.
A case is made for more focussed research around Indigenous
students' approaches to processing intellectual content
while developing their own Indigenous standpoints.
Indigenous Pedagogy as a Force for Change
Authors: Biermann Soenke , Townsend-Cross Marcelle
Published: February 2017

Abstract Indigenous academics over the past decade and a half have been focusing strongly, in terms of theory development, on Indigenous epistemologies and research methodologies. What has not been given equal academic attention is the theoretical articulation of Indigenous pedagogy, not only as a valid system of knowledge and skill transfer, but also as one that conveys meaning, values and identity. In this paper, we want to explore some of the practical aspects of Indigenous pedagogy in a tertiary setting by way of a student-teacher dialogue and also discuss the wider implications of a theoretical articulation from our perspective as researchers and academics. We argue that at the intersection of the discourses on transformative pedagogy and Indigenous education in Australia lays an unexplored concept which, properly articulated and implemented, could have great benefits for all learners. Having been afforded attention elsewhere, particularly in North America, it is time to discuss Indigenous pedagogy as a teaching methodology based on Indigenous values and philosophies in Australia today.
Indigenous Higher Education Student Equity: Focusing on What Works
Authors: Devlin Marcia
Published: February 2017

Abstract The rates of higher education access, participation and completion for Indigenous students are much lower than those for non-Indigenous students in Australia. This paper argues for a research-led focus on what works in terms of Indigenous student equity in higher education. Undertaking independent evaluation of existing initiatives and leveraging the experience of hundreds of successful Indigenous graduates, it may be possible to articulate some of the ways in which success has been, and can be, achieved, despite the challenges that face Indigenous students. In other words, it may be possible to articulate some aspects of what works for some Indigenous people in relation to higher education. A focus on articulating strategies that Indigenous individuals and communities might adopt in relation to higher education should be developed alongside the management of systemic problems through a range of means. The “success-focused” approach would provide one of a suite of approaches that may be helpful in addressing Indigenous student equity.
Build it and They Will Come: Building the Capacity of Indigenous Units in Universities to Provide Better Support for Indigenous Australian Postgraduate Students
Authors: Trudgett Michelle
Published: February 2017

Abstract
Indigenous participation rates in higher education are
significantly lower than the rates reported for
non-Indigenous people in Australia – with the greatest
disparity evident in the area of postgraduate studies. This
problem needs to be addressed by providing culturally
appropriate support mechanisms to Indigenous postgraduate
students. This article draws on the findings of a doctoral
thesis in which the support provided to Indigenous
postgraduate students in Australia was investigated
(Trudgett, 2008). Several issues and problems emerged from
the data surrounding the support, or lack thereof, provided
to this cohort by the Indigenous Units or centres in
universities today. Nine recommendations for consideration
and implementation by the Indigenous Units within
Australian universities are provided. These recommendations
have the potential to reduce this disparity by helping to
close the gap between Indigenous and non-Indigenous
participation and, most importantly, completion rates in
postgraduate studies.
“It's Not About me, it's About the Community”: Culturally Relevant Health Career Promotion for Indigenous Students in Australia
Authors: Kelly Heather , Robinson Anske , Drysdale Marlene , Chesters Janice , Faulkner Susan , Ellender Isabel , Turnbull Leanne
Published: February 2017

Abstract
The numbers of Indigenous students studying in health
career courses at the tertiary level is low. This paper
describes a forum conducted as part of a project of
national significance which examines the solutions and
barriers for Indigenous student entry to medical and other
health science education. Small group discussions and
observations were used to determine how a group of
Indigenous students, school age and mature, became
interested in a health career, what influenced them, their
expectations and where they sourced information. The
initial design of the forum, based on other successful
non-Indigenous health career events, was deemed
inappropriate. When an Indigenous educator intervened, and
used a more culturally appropriate approach, the engagement
of the Indigenous students increased. The importance of
culturally relevant health career promotion is a vital part
of a complex series of actions needed to increase the
recruitment and retention of Indigenous students into
health science careers.
Re-Presenting Urban Aboriginal Identities: Self-Representation in Children of the Sun
Authors: Lumby Bronwyn , McGloin Colleen
Published: February 2017

Abstract
Teaching Aboriginal studies to a diverse student cohort
presents challenges in the pursuit of developing a critical
pedagogy. In this paper, we present
Children of the Sun(2006), a local film
made by Indigenous youth in the Illawarra region south of
Sydney, New South Wales. We outline the film's genesis and
its utilisation in our praxis. The film is a useful
resource in the teaching of urban Aboriginal identity to
primarily non-Indigenous students in the discipline of
Aboriginal studies. It contributes to the development of
critical thinking, and our own critical practice as
educators and offers a starting point to address
pre-conceived and stereotypical notions about race and
colour. We situate this paper within a theoretical
framework of identity and whiteness studies to explore the
issue of light skin in relation to the constraints of
identity surrounding urban Aboriginal youth, as represented
in
Children of the Sun. We discuss the
usefulness of this film as a self-representational text
that subverts and challenges pre-conceived notions of
Aboriginal identity.