bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Covid-19 Healthcare Providers Experiences in Kumakwane
Authors: Mhaladi K. , Maripe K.
Published: March 2023

The covid-19 risk was more amongst healthcare providers because of the risk factors they face daily at work. The risk was complicated by the shortage of personal protective equipment, lack of access to information, and exposure daily to Covid-19 patients / suspected cases. The experiences of the Covid-19 crisis and associated risks by healthcare providers at the A.S. Dada Kumakwane clinic are crucial to describe the roles of stakeholders and identify interventions necessary to support healthcare providers in their line of duty. This study adopted qualitative descriptive and exploratory designs to analyze factors that contributed to the experiences of Covid-19 crisis healthcare providers. It used a judgmental (purposive) sampling technique to identify, select, and collect data from thirteen (13) participants. Furthermore, the study was grounded on stress theory [1]. It was found that during Covid-19, healthcare providers experienced severe stress, increased workload, shortage of personal protective gears, and stigmatization. The concern was the fear of contracting the disease and inadequate safety measures and treatment. The following strategies: counseling, provision of risk allowance, availability of personal protective equipment, and increased workforce are necessary to reduce the stress experienced by healthcare providers.
Virtually Grounded
Authors: Zygowiec Jonathan
Published: March 2023

In this narrative essay, an emergency medicine physician who is undergoing treatment for stage IV colorectal cancer discusses the role that virtual reality might play in end-of-life care in the future to help patients virtually travel the world and connect with others.
A National Hepatitis C Elimination Program in the United States
Authors: Fleurence Rachael L. , Collins Francis S.
Published: March 2023

This Viewpoint introduces a proposed 5-year program from the Biden-Harris administration that would use direct-acting antivirals to eliminate hepatitis C in the United States.
Regorafenib, Ipilimumab, and Nivolumab for Patients With Microsatellite Stable Colorectal Cancer and Disease Progression With Prior Chemotherapy
Authors: Fakih Marwan , Sandhu Jaideep , Lim Dean , Li Xiaochen , Li Sierra , Wang Chongkai
Published: March 2023

Importance

Immunotherapy combinations with activity in patients with microsatellite stable (MSS) metastatic colorectal cancer need to be identified.

Objective

To determine the recommended phase 2 dose (RP2D) of regorafenib, ipilimumab, and nivolumab (RIN) and evaluate its activity in an expansion cohort of patients with MSS metastatic colorectal cancer.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This nonrandomized clinical trial was a single-center 3 + 3 dose de-escalation study with an effectiveness expansion cohort at the RP2D. After the identification of the RP2D, a study amendment was executed to explore a regorafenib dose optimization strategy to mitigate skin-related toxic effects. Study enrollment occurred between May 12, 2020, and January 21, 2022. The trial was conducted at a single academic center. A total of 39 patients with MSS metastatic colorectal cancer whose disease progressed after standard chemotherapy and who had not received prior regorafenib or anti–programmed cell death protein 1 therapy were included.

Interventions

Patients received regorafenib daily for 21 days every 4 weeks; fixed-dose ipilimumab, 1 mg/kg, intravenously every 6 weeks; and fixed-dose nivolumab, 240 mg intravenously every 2 weeks. Patients were treated until progression, unacceptable toxic effects, or completion of 2 years of therapy.

Main Outcomes and Measures

The primary end point was RP2D selection. Secondary end points were safety and overall response rate (ORR) according to the Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumours at the RP2D level.

Results

A total of 39 patients were enrolled, 23 (59.0%) were female, median age was 54 years (range, 25-75 years), 3 were Black (7.7%), and 26 were White (66.7%). No dose-limiting toxic effects were noted in the first 9 patients at the starting dose of RIN, with regorafenib dosed at 80 mg daily. No dose de-escalation was needed. This dose was declared the RP2D. Twenty more patients were enrolled at this level. The ORR, median progression-free survival (PFS), and overall survival (OS) in the RP2D cohort were 27.6%, 4 months (IQR, 2-9 months), and 20 months (IQR, 7 months to not estimable), respectively. For the 22 patients without liver metastases, the ORR, PFS, and OS were 36.4%, 5 months (IQR, 2-11), and greater than 22 months, respectively. A dose optimization cohort with regorafenib at 40 mg/d on cycle 1 and 80 mg/d on cycle 2 and beyond was associated with lower skin and immune toxic effects but had limited activity with stable disease for 5 of 10 patients as the best response.

Conclusions and Relevance

Results of this nonrandomized clinical trial suggest that RIN at the RP2D demonstrated interesting clinical activity in patients with advanced MSS colorectal cancer without liver metastases. These findings should be confirmed in randomized clinical trials.

Trial Registration

ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04362839
Slow-Growing Pediatric Neck Mass
Authors: Schauwecker Natalie , Correa Hernan , Belcher Ryan
Published: March 2023

An 11-year-old girl with no significant medical history was referred to the pediatric otolaryngology department for a painless, left-sided neck mass that had been slowly enlarging for 8 months. What is your diagnosis?
Association of Complex Lymphatic Drainage in Head and Neck Cutaneous Melanoma With Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy Outcomes
Authors: Pasha Terouz , Arain Zohaib , Buscombe John , Aloj Luigi , Durrani Amer , Patel Animesh , Roshan Amit
Published: March 2023

Importance

Although sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) is a vital staging tool, its application in head and neck melanoma (HNM) is complicated by a higher false-negative rate (FNR) compared with other regions. This may be due to the complex lymphatic drainage in the head and neck.

Objective

To compare the accuracy, prognostic value, and long-term outcomes of SLNB in HNM with melanoma from the trunk and limb, focusing on the lymphatic drainage pattern.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This cohort observational study at a single UK University cancer center included all patients with primary cutaneous melanoma undergoing SLNB between 2010 to 2020. Data analysis was conducted during December 2022.

Exposures

Primary cutaneous melanoma undergoing SLNB between 2010 to 2020.

Main Outcomes and Measures

This cohort study compared the FNR (defined as the ratio between false-negative results and the sum of false-negative and true-positive results) and false omission rate (defined as the ratio between false-negative results and the sum of false-negative and true-negative results) for SLNB stratified by 3 body regions (HNM, limb, and trunk). Kaplan-Meier survival analysis was used to compare recurrence-free survival (RFS) and melanoma-specific survival (MSS). Comparative analysis of detected lymph nodes on lymphoscintigraphy (LSG) and SLNB was performed by quantifying lymphatic drainage patterns by number of nodes and lymph node basins. Multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression identified independent risk factors.

Results

Overall, 1080 patients were included (552 [51.1%] men, 528 [48.9%] women; median age at diagnosis 59.8 years), with a median (IQR) follow-up 4.8 (IQR, 2.7-7.2) years. Head and neck melanoma had a higher median age at diagnosis (66.2 years) and higher Breslow thickness (2.2 mm). The FNR was highest in HNM (34.5% vs 14.8% trunk or 10.4% limb, respectively). Similarly, the false omission rate was 7.8% in HNM compared with 5.7% trunk or 3.0% limbs. The MSS was no different (HR, 0.81; 95% CI, 0.43-1.53), but RFS was lower in HNM (HR, 0.55; 95% CI, 0.36-0.85). On LSG, patients with HNM had the highest proportion of multiple hotspots (28.6% with ≥3 hotspots vs 23.2% trunk and 7.2% limbs). The RFS was lower for patients with HNM with 3 or more affected lymph nodes found on LSG than those with fewer than 3 affected lymph nodes (HR, 0.37; 95% CI, 0.18-0.77). Cox regression analysis showed head and neck location to be an independent risk factor for RFS (HR, 1.60; 95% CI, 1.01-2.50), but not for MSS (HR, 0.80; 95% CI, 0.35-1.71).

Conclusions and Relevance

This cohort study found higher rates of complex lymphatic drainage, FNR, and regional recurrence in HNM compared with other body sites on long-term follow-up. We advocate considering surveillance imaging for HNM for high-risk melanomas irrespective of sentinel lymph node status.
ER+, HER2− advanced breast cancer treated with taselisib and fulvestrant: genomic landscape and associated clinical outcomes
Authors: Chen Jessica W. , Jacot William , Cortés Javier , Krop Ian E. , Dent Susan , Harbeck Nadia , De Laurentiis Michelino , Diéras Véronique , Im Young‐Hyuck , Stout Thomas J. , Schimmoller Frauke , Savage Heidi M. , Hutchinson Katherine E. , Wilson Timothy R.
Published: March 2023

Taselisib is a potent β‐sparing phosphatidylinositol 3‐kinase (PI3K) inhibitor that, with endocrine therapy, improves outcomes in phosphatidylinositol‐4,5‐bisphosphate 3‐kinase catalytic subunit alpha (PIK3CA)‐mutated (PIK3CAmut) advanced breast cancer. To understand alterations associated with response to PI3K inhibition, we analysed circulating tumour DNA (ctDNA) from participants enrolled in the SANDPIPER trial. Participants were designated as either PIK3CAmut or PIK3CA no mutation was detected (NMD) per baseline ctDNA. The top mutated genes and tumour fraction estimates identified were analysed for their association with outcomes. In participants with PIK3CAmut ctDNA treated with taselisib + fulvestrant, tumour protein p53 (TP53; encoding p53) and fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 (FGFR1) alterations were associated with shorter progression‐free survival (PFS) compared to participants with NMD in these genes. Conversely, participants with PIK3CAmut ctDNA harbouring a neurofibromin 1 (NF1) alteration or high baseline tumour fraction estimate experienced improved PFS upon treatment with taselisib + fulvestrant compared to placebo + fulvestrant. Broadly, alterations in oestrogen receptor (ER), PI3K and p53 pathway genes were associated with resistance to taselisib + fulvestrant in participants with PIK3CAmut ctDNA. Altogether, we demonstrated the impact of genomic (co‐)alterations on outcomes with one of the largest clinico‐genomic datasets of ER+, HER2−, PIK3CAmut breast cancer patients treated with a PI3K inhibitor.
Two‐Photon Polymerization of Sugar Responsive 4D Microstructures
Authors: Ennis Alexa , Nicdao Deanna , Kolagatla Srikanth , Dowling Luke , Tskhe Yekaterina , Thompson Alex J. , Trimble Daniel , Delaney Colm , Florea Larisa
Published: March 2023

Stimuli‐responsive hydrogels have attracted much attention owing to the versatility of their programmed response in offering intelligent solutions for biomimicry applications, such as soft robotics, tissue engineering, and drug delivery. To achieve the complexity of biomimetic structures, two photon polymerization (2PP) has provided a means of fabricating intricate 3D structures from stimuli‐responsive hydrogels. Rapid swelling hydrogel microstructures are advantageous for osmotically driven stimuli‐response, where actuation speed, that is reliant on the diffusion of analytes or bioanalytes, can be optimized. Herein, the flexibility of 2PP is exploited to showcase a novel sugar‐responsive, phenylboronic acid‐based photoresist. This offers a remarkable solution for achieving fast response hydrogel systems that have been often hindered by the volume‐dependent diffusion times of analytes to receptor sites. A phenylboronic acid‐based photoresist compatible with 2PP is presented to fabricate stimuli‐responsive microstructures with accelerated response times. Moreover, microstructures with programmable actuation (i.e., bending and opening) are fabricated using the same photoresist within a one‐step fabrication process. By combining the flexibility of 2PP with an easily adaptable photoresist, an accessible fabrication method is showcased for sophisticated and chemo‐responsive 3D hydrogel actuators.
Toward the Practical and Scalable Fabrication of Sulfide‐Based All‐Solid‐State Batteries: Exploration of Slurry Process and Performance Enhancement Via the Addition of LiClO4
Authors: Jing Shenghao , Shen Huaqing , Huang Yuting , Kuang Wuqi , Zhang Zongliang , Liu Siliang , Yin Shuo , Lai Yanqing , Liu Fangyang
Published: March 2023

Sulfide‐based all‐solid‐state batteries (ASSBs) have a wide application prospect because of the advantages of higher energy density and better intrinsic safety over conventional lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs). The compatibility of sulfide‐based electrolytes with various organic solvents and the possibilities of the slurry coating process with these systems remain veiled that limits the large‐scale fabrication of sulfide‐based ASSBs. In this study, polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) binder and isobutyl isobutyrate (IBB) are selected as the combination of binder and solvent to achieve scalable slurry process after examining the chemical and electrochemical compatibility of Li6PS5Cl (LPSC) solid electrolyte, PVDF, and IBB. A comparative investigation of sheet‐type LiNi0.83Co0.11Mn0.06O2 (NCM811) electrodes and pellet‐type NCM811 electrodes shows that PVDF hinders the transport of Li+ and electron, but it benignantly works as a buffer layer, which alleviates the side reaction in the composite cathode electrode. Further, PVDF is modified by LiClO4 to facilitate interfacial Li+ transport, which improves the capacity retention of the cell at 0.5 C to 97.05% after 100 cycles. Finally, NCM811/graphite full‐cell is successfully fabricated by the slurry coating process, which demonstrates the feasibility of practical and scalable fabrication of sulfide‐based ASSBs with slurry process and its performance enhancement effect via LiClO4 modification.
In Situ Enzyme‐Induced Self‐Assembly of Antimicrobial‐Antioxidative Peptides to Promote Wound Healing
Authors: Teng Runxin , Yang Yuying , Zhang Zhuo , Yang Kexin , Sun Min , Li Chang , Fan Zhen , Du Jianzhong
Published: March 2023

Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) with dual intrinsic antibacterial and antioxidative functions have emerged as promising choice to cure infected wound. However, the most widely applied approach to endow AMPs with antioxidative function is to combine with antioxidative moieties, which may affect the spatial structure and physiological stability of AMPs. Herein, a new type of AMPs with inherent desired stability, antibacterial activity, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging is developed to effectively heal the infected wound. This formulation is in situ formed at wound site by tyrosinase‐triggered oxidation and self‐assembly of lyophilized antimicrobial peptide Trp‐Arg‐Trp‐Arg‐Trp‐Tyr, providing enhanced stability and a fourfold and sevenfold increasement in antibacterial efficiency against E. coli and S. aureus compared to peptide monomers. The antimicrobial peptide is first oxidized and then assembled into nanoparticles. The melanin‐like structure has been demonstrated with efficient antioxidant properties, and the experimental data show that peptide nanoparticles to scavenge superoxide radicals, hydroxyl radicals, and H2O2. In vivo experiments confirmed that peptide nanoparticles effectively heal infected wounds and obviously reduce ROS. Overall, the research provides a new approach to formulating antimicrobial peptides to treat wound with high healing efficiency.
Advances in Microgravity Directed Tissue Engineering
Authors: Cui Yi , Liu Weiyuan , Zhao Shuaijing , Zhao Yannan , Dai Jianwu
Published: March 2023

Tissue engineering aims to generate functional biological substitutes to repair, sustain, improve, or replace tissue function affected by disease. With the rapid development of space science, the application of simulated microgravity has become an active topic in the field of tissue engineering. There is a growing body of evidence demonstrating that microgravity offers excellent advantages for tissue engineering by modulating cellular morphology, metabolism, secretion, proliferation, and stem cell differentiation. To date, there have been many achievements in constructing bioartificial spheroids, organoids, or tissue analogs with or without scaffolds in vitro under simulated microgravity conditions. Herein, the current status, recent advances, challenges, and prospects of microgravity related to tissue engineering are reviewed. Current simulated‐microgravity devices and cutting‐edge advances of microgravity for biomaterials‐dependent or biomaterials‐independent tissue engineering to offer a reference for guiding further exploration of simulated microgravity strategies to produce engineered tissues are summarized and discussed.
Ultrabroadband Imaging Based on Wafer‐Scale Tellurene
Authors: Lu Jianting , He Yan , Ma Churong , Ye Qiaojue , Yi Huaxin , Zheng Zhaoqiang , Yao Jiandong , Yang Guowei
Published: March 2023

High‐resolution imaging is at the heart of the revolutionary breakthroughs of intelligent technologies, and it is established as an important approach toward high‐sensitivity information extraction/storage. However, due to the incompatibility between non‐silicon optoelectronic materials and traditional integrated circuits as well as the lack of competent photosensitive semiconductors in the infrared region, the development of ultrabroadband imaging is severely impeded. Herein, the monolithic integration of wafer‐scale tellurene photoelectric functional units by exploiting room‐temperature pulsed‐laser deposition is realized. Taking advantage of the surface plasmon polaritons of tellurene, which results in the thermal perturbation promoted exciton separation, in situ formation of out‐of‐plane homojunction and negative expansion promoted carrier transport, as well as the band bending promoted electron–hole pair separation enabled by the unique interconnected nanostrip morphology, the tellurene photodetectors demonstrate wide‐spectrum photoresponse from 370.6 to 2240 nm and unprecedented photosensitivity with the optimized responsivity, external quantum efficiency and detectivity of 2.7 × 107 A W−1, 8.2 × 109% and 4.5 × 1015 Jones. An ultrabroadband imager is demonstrated and high‐resolution photoelectric imaging is realized. The proof‐of‐concept wafer‐scale tellurene‐based ultrabroadband photoelectric imaging system depicts a fascinating paradigm for the development of an advanced 2D imaging platform toward next‐generation intelligent equipment.
Blue Transparent OLEDs with High Stability and Transmittance for Modulating Sleep Disorders
Authors: Chae Hyeonwook , Park Yongjin , Jo Yehhyun , Jeon Yongmin , Lee Hyunjoo Jenny , Yoo Seunghyup , Choi Kyung Cheol
Published: March 2023

Optoelectronics devices utilizing organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs) are emerging as new platforms for healthcare applications. In particular, wearable optoelectronics such as visual stimulus systems offer a distinctive advantage to intervene in and improve sleep disorders. In this study, two improvements are proposed for transparent OLEDs (TrOLEDs) that will be critical for visual applications. First, zinc sulfide with high surface energy and a high refractive index is explored as a seed and capping layer. An ultra‐thin silver cathode of 8 nm is demonstrated to be feasible in TrOLEDs, and luminous transmittance of 91% is achieved. Second, in general, achieving the operational stability of TrOLEDs with high transmittance is challenging due to the vulnerability of thin electrodes. By introducing a doping process to the electron transport layer, a lifetime comparable to that of control OLEDs with thick cathodes (>90%) is secured. Last, a preclinical model using blue light is proposed to modulate sleep patterns. Melanopsin is stimulated at the highest level of sleep desire, reducing non‐rapid eye movement sleep duration in mice by up to 14%. Based on these results, the proposed TrOLEDs are promising candidates for modulating sleep disorders such as insomnia and narcolepsy–cataplexy with the convenience of wearable form factors.
Photochemical Imaging of Near‐Field and Dissymmetry Factor in Chiral Nanostructures
Authors: Aoudjit Thinhinane , Horrer Andreas , Kostcheev Sergei , Bachelot Renaud , Plain Jérôme , Gérard Davy
Published: March 2023

Chiral nanostructures interact differently with right‐ or left‐handed circularly polarized light. Due to the lack of experimental approaches able to unveil the optical near‐field around chiral nanostructures, their optical characterization generally relies either on far‐field techniques or on numerical simulations. Here, a subwavelength imaging approach based on the interaction between the enhanced optical near‐field around chiral nanoparticles and an azobenzene molecular probe is reported. Under the action of light, the azobenzene molecules undergo isomerization cycles resulting in a measurable displacement of matter. The resulting imprint of the optical near‐field can then be imaged using atomic force microscopy. Using two shifted gold nanorods separated by a nanogap as a canonical chiral structure, a dissymmetry in the near‐field of the chiral structures under left and right circular polarizations is experimentally evidenced. Notably, it is observed that the gap mode is excited only when the handedness of the exciting light matches the handedness of the nanostructure, evidencing a chiral hot spot inside the gap. Moreover, it is shown that it is possible to experimentally map the near‐field dissymmetry factor, a quantity related to the local circular dichroism of the near‐field intensity.
Multimodal Visualization of Bioorthogonal Systems by Off–On Luminescence and Enhanced Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Authors: Xie Chen , Wu Yue , Chau Ho‐Fai , Zhang Tao , Wong Carlos Tinlong , Yeung Yik‐Hoi , Lam Pak‐Lun , Bünzli Jean‐Claude G. , Charbonnière Loïc J. , Law Ga‐Lai , Wong Ka‐Leung
Published: March 2023

Bioorthogonal chemistry is a rising field investigating chemical reactions in physiological environments with high specificity. However, only very few examples concern the real‐time monitoring of bioorthogonal reactions by luminescence or magnetic relaxivity. To fill this gap, herein, the Eu(III)‐based complex is reported as a small‐molecule optical imaging agent which shows off–on luminescence and provides quantitative analysis for the progress of the bioorthogonal reaction. The characteristic signal is achieved through efficient energy harvesting and transferring to the Eu(III) from the expansion of the conjugated system of the antenna. Moreover, the gadolinium(III) counterpart significantly enhances relaxivity in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) after the bioorthogonal reaction since the rotational correlation time is shortened with increased molecular sizes and weights.
Full Complex‐Amplitude Engineering by Orientation‐Assisted Bilayer Metasurfaces
Authors: Deng Liangui , Li Zile , Guan Zhiqiang , Tao Jin , Li Gongfa , Zhu Xiaoli , Dai Qi , Fu Rao , Zhou Zhou , Yang Yan , Yu Shaohua , Zheng Guoxing
Published: March 2023

Optical complex‐amplitude determines the propagation behavior of light in free space to the maximum extent. Precise control of complex‐amplitude is the key to generating user‐defined light fields. Current attempts to control optical complex‐amplitude using metasurface, however, either have limited amplitude/phase step numbers or lost high lateral resolution since amplitude and phase are usually manipulated with size‐varied nanostructures or several nanostructures integrated into a unit‐pixel. Here, it is shown that bilayer metasurface can readily decouple optical amplitude and phase, thus achieving arbitrary complex‐amplitude modulation only by arranging the orientation angles of nanostructures. In this design, each unit‐pixel in one layer has only one nanostructure with the same size, thus significantly increasing the lateral resolution of complex‐amplitude modulation. More importantly, the approach of controlling optical complex‐amplitude merely by changing nanostructure orientation can significantly simplify the metasurface design and aggrandize the fabrication tolerance, thus enhancing the robustness of metasurfaces toward practical applications.
Superflexible Inorganic Ag2Te0.6S0.4 Fiber with High Thermoelectric Performance
Authors: Fu Yanqing , Kang Shiliang , Gu Hao , Tan Linling , Gao Chengwei , Fang Zaijin , Dai Shixun , Lin Changgui
Published: March 2023

Fiber‐based inorganic thermoelectric (TE) devices, owing to the small size, light‐weight, flexibility, and high TE performance, are promising for applications in flexible thermoelectrics. Unfortunately, current inorganic TE fibers are strictly constrained by limited mechanical freedom because of the undesirable tensile strain, typically limited to a value of 1.5%, posing a strong obstacle for further application in large‐scale wearable systems. Here, a superflexible Ag2Te0.6S0.4 inorganic TE fiber is demonstrated that provides a record tensile strain of 21.2%, such that it enables various complex deformations. Importantly, the TE performance of the fiber shows high stability after ≈1000 cycles of bending and releasing processes with a small bending radius of 5 mm. This allows for the integration of the inorganic TE fiber into 3D wearable fabric, yielding a normalized power density of 0.4 µW m−1 K−2 under the temperature difference of 20 K, which is approaching the high‐performance Bi2Te3‐based inorganic TE fabric and is nearly two orders of magnitude higher than the organic TE fabrics. These results highlight that the inorganic TE fiber with both superior shape‐conformable ability and high TE performance may find potential applications in wearable electronics.
Reinforcing Native Solid‐Electrolyte Interphase Layers via Electrolyte‐Swellable Soft‐Scaffold for Lithium Metal Anode
Authors: Bae Jaehyeong , Choi Keonwoo , Song Hyunsub , Kim Do Heung , Youn Doo Young , Cho Su‐Ho , Jeon Dogyeong , Lee Jiyoung , Lee Junyoung , Jang Wontae , Lee Changhyeon , Kim Youson , Kim Chanhoon , Jung Ji‐Won , Im Sung Gap , Kim Il‐Doo
Published: March 2023

The lithium metal anode is notoriously unstable and reactive to electrolytes, forming brittle solid‐electrolyte interphase (SEI) layers with uneven distribution, exacerbating Li dendrites that ultimately limit the battery life. Here, this work passivates Li metal with electrolyte‐swellable polymer nanolayers deposited monolithically by the initiated chemical vapor deposition (iCVD) to reinforce the native SEI layers and stabilize their interface. The 100 nm iCVD poly(dimethylaminomethyl styrene) (pDMAMS) layer is swelled by 264% under a carbonate electrolyte, establishing the electrolyte‐filled soft scaffold for Li‐ion transport. Notably, the solvogel accommodates homogeneous Li2O‐free and Li2CO3‐rich native SEI layers, providing a record‐high Li‐ion transference number of 0.95 and ionic conductivity of 6.54 mS cm−1. The developed pDMAMS‐Li anodes extend the cycle life by 550% in Li–Li symmetric cells and 600% in LiNi0.6Mn0.2Co0.2O2 full cells compared to pristine Li metal. The mechanistic details of the swollen‐soft‐scaffold strategy are elucidated by depth profile analysis of the pDMAMS homopolymer compared to pDMAMS/electrolyte‐phobic copolymers, providing new insights to manage the interface of liquid‐state electrolyte and solid‐state Li metal by using a novel class of bifunctional solvogel.
Electronic and Lattice Engineering of Ruthenium Oxide towards Highly Active and Stable Water Splitting
Authors: Hou Liqiang , Li Zijian , Jang Haeseong , wang Yu , Cui Xuemei , Gu Xiumin , Kim Min Gyu , Feng Ligang , Liu Shangguo , Liu Xien
Published: March 2023

The development of efficiently active and stable bifunctional noble‐metal‐based electrocatalysts toward overall water splitting is urgent and challenging. In this work, a rutile‐structured ruthenium‐zinc solid solution oxide with oxygen vacancies (Ru0.85Zn0.15O2‐δ) is developed by a simple molten salt method. With naturally abundant edges of ultrasmall nanoparticles clusters, Ru0.85Zn0.15O2‐δ requires ultralow overpotentials, 190 mV for acidic oxygen evolution reaction (OER) and 14 mV for alkaline hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), to reach 10 mA cm−2. Moreover, it shows superior activity and durability for overall water splitting in different electrolytes. Experimental characterizations and density functional theory calculations indicate that the incorporation of Zn and oxygen vacancies can optimize the electronic structure of RuO2 by charge redistribution, which dramatically suppresses the generation of soluble Rux>4 and allows optimized adsorption energies of oxygen intermediates for OER. Meanwhile, the incorporation of Zn can distort local structure to activate the dangling O atoms on the distorted Ru0.85Zn0.15O2‐δ as proton acceptors, which firmly bonds the H atom in H2O* to stabilize the H2O and considerably improves the HER activity.
Trials for Slowly Progressive Neurogenetic Diseases Need Surrogate Endpoints
Authors: Reilly Mary M. , Herrmann David N. , Pareyson Davide , Scherer Steven S. , Finkel Richard S. , Züchner Stephan , Burns Joshua , Shy Michael E.
Published: March 2023

Heritable neurological disorders provide insights into disease mechanisms that permit development of novel therapeutic approaches including antisense oligonucleotides, RNA interference, and gene replacement. Many neurogenetic diseases are rare and slowly progressive making it challenging to measure disease progression within short time frames. We share our experience developing clinical outcome assessments and disease biomarkers in the inherited peripheral neuropathies. We posit that carefully developed biomarkers from imaging, plasma, or skin can predict meaningful progression in functional and patient reported outcome assessments such that clinical trials of less than 2 years will be feasible for these rare and ultra‐rare disorders. ANN NEUROL 2023;93:906–910
Regio‐ and Stereoselective Hydroelementation of SF5‐Alkynes and Further Functionalizations.
Authors: Popek Lucas , Cabrera‐Trujillo Jorge Juan , Debrauwer Vincent , Blanchard Nicolas , Miqueu Karinne , Bizet Vincent
Published: March 2023

Herein is described a fully regio‐ and stereoselective hydroelementation reaction of SF5‐alkynes with N, O and S‐nucleophiles and further functionalization of the corresponding Z‐(hetero)vinyl‐SF5 intermediates, a suitable platform to access α‐SF5 ketones and esters, β‐SF5 amines and alcohols under mild reaction conditions. Experimental and computational comparative studies between SF5‐ and CF3‐alkynes have been performed to highlight and explain the difference of reactivity and selectivity observed between these two fluorinated motifs.
Come, tell me how you live: Habitat suitability analysis for Ostrea edulis restoration
Authors: Pogoda Bernadette , Hausen Tanja , Rothe Marko , Bakker Felix , Hauser Sarah , Colsoul Bérenger , Dureuil Manuel , Krause Jochen , Heinicke Kathrin , Pusch Christian , Eisenbarth Simone , Kreutle Axel , Peter Corina , Pesch Roland
Published: March 2023

Against the background of the UN decade on ecosystem restoration and the new EU Biodiversity Strategy for 2030, and in the context of marine spatial planning and complex maritime user conflicts, reliable information on habitat suitability for large‐scale restoration is an important prerequisite for implementing conservation management and for supporting successful, sustainable, and ecologically efficient restoration measures.

In this study, habitat suitability was assessed using multicriteria decision analysis (MCDA) for the restoration of the European oyster, Ostrea edulis, in marine protected areas (MPAs) of the German Bight in the North Sea: Borkum Reef Ground (Borkum Riffgrund, BRG) and Sylt Outer Reef – Eastern German Bight (Sylter Außenriff, SAR).

Based on site selection criteria, exclusion and suitability factors for the MCDA were defined. Results were integrated with the available geodata to produce habitat suitability maps for oyster restoration in the area of interest.

Suitable as well as unsuitable habitats have been successfully identified for both MPAs: several hundred square kilometres (≥97.2% of BRG) or several thousand square kilometres (≥74.5% of SAR) were classified as ecologically and logistically suitable for oyster restoration measures in the respective MPAs. As oyster restoration is significantly limited by human activities (e.g. bottom trawl fisheries), the management of fisheries is an important prerequisite for successful oyster restoration in both MPAs. Results show that designated fishery management measures will increase the possibilities for oyster restoration.

In BRG, our results correspond to the known historical distribution. In SAR, our results significantly exceed the historically known distribution. The habitat suitability analysis will facilitate decision‐making regarding ocean use, and will reduce restoration costs through targeted management activities in areas of high suitability and expand species recovery by improving the survival of reintroduced individuals.

The habitat suitability analysis procedure is easily adaptable for application to other areas, other species, or other habitat restoration projects, or to other conservation management settings. The software applied is open source and the suitability calculation is described in detail to inform wider applications.
Materialeffiziente hybride Tragstrukturen – Hochbauprojekt BSCW München
Authors: Pürgstaller Andreas , Taras Andreas , Bergmeister Konrad
Published: March 2023

Der Neubau der Berufsschulen für Farben und Gestaltung in München (BSCW) erforderte eine Vielzahl von Lösungsansätzen, welche ihn von Out‐of‐the‐box‐Hochbauprojekten unterscheiden. Der Beitrag gibt Einblicke in die Tragwerksfindung, numerische Modellbildung, wichtige Meilensteine der Baustelle sowie Überlegungen zu Ressourceneffizienz und zirkulärem Bauen mit Verbundkonstruktionen. Hybride Tragstrukturen des Stahl‐, Beton‐ und Verbundbaus können einen wichtigen Beitrag zur Steigerung der Ressourceneffizienz leisten, wenn die Baustoffe Beton und Stahl funktionsgerecht und effizient ausgenutzt werden. Das weitgespannte und integrale Tragwerk mit den markanten sichtbaren Stahl‐Fachwerkträgern als Lastabfangebene im Erdgeschoss kombiniert die Vorteile der Just‐in‐time‐Montage und hohen Vorfertigungsrate mit stark reduziertem Konstruktionseigengewicht. Der numerischen Modellbildung, Lastpfadfindung und konstruktiven Durchbildung kommen entscheidende Bedeutung zu. Tragwerksfindung, Modellbildung und Ressourceneffizienz als zentrale Aufgaben erfordern Kreativität und Mut, neue, ungewohnte Wege aufzuzeigen. Den Tragwerksplanern kommt hierbei eine entscheidende Rolle zu.
A neutral comparison of statistical methods for analyzing longitudinally measured ordinal outcomes in rare diseases
Authors: Geroldinger Martin , Verbeeck Johan , Thiel Konstantin E. , Molenberghs Geert , Bathke Arne C. , Laimer Martin , Zimmermann Georg
Published: March 2023

Ordinal data in a repeated measures design of a crossover study for rare diseases usually do not allow for the use of standard parametric methods, and hence, nonparametric methods should be considered instead. However, only limited simulation studies in settings with small sample sizes exist. Therefore, starting from an Epidermolysis Bullosa simplex trial with the above‐mentioned design, a rank‐based approach using the R package nparLD and different generalized pairwise comparisons (GPC) methods were compared impartially in a simulation study. The results revealed that there was not one single best method for this particular design, because a trade‐off exists between achieving high power, accounting for period effects, and for missing data. Specifically, nparLD as well as the unmatched GPC approaches do not address crossover aspects, and the univariate GPC variants partly ignore the longitudinal information. The matched GPC approaches, on the other hand, take the crossover effect into account in the sense of incorporating the within‐subject association. Overall, the prioritized unmatched GPC method achieved the highest power in the simulation scenarios, although this may be due to the specified prioritization. The rank‐based approach yielded good power even at a sample size of , whereas the matched GPC method could not control the type I error.
Fibrin gel enhanced trilayer structure in cell‐cultured constructs
Authors: Snyder Yuriy , Jana Soumen
Published: March 2023

Efficient cell seeding and subsequent support from a substrate ensure optimal cell growth and neotissue development during tissue engineering, including heart valve tissue engineering. Fibrin gel as a cell carrier may provide high cell seeding efficiency and adhesion property, improved cellular interaction, and structural support to enhance cellular growth in trilayer polycaprolactone (PCL) substrates that mimic the structure of native heart valve leaflets. This cell carrier gel coupled with a trilayer PCL substrate may enable the production of native‐like cell‐cultured leaflet constructs suitable for heart valve tissue engineering. In this study, we seeded valvular interstitial cells onto trilayer PCL substrates with fibrin gel as a cell carrier and cultured them for 1 month in vitro to determine if this gel can improve cell proliferation and production of extracellular matrix within the trilayer cell‐cultured constructs. We observed that the fibrin gel enhanced cellular proliferation, their vimentin expression, and collagen and glycosaminoglycan production, leading to improved structure and mechanical properties of the developing PCL cell‐cultured constructs. Fibrin gel as a cell carrier significantly improved the orientations of the cells and their produced tissue materials within trilayer PCL substrates that mimic the structure of native heart valve leaflets and, thus, may be highly beneficial for developing functional tissue‐engineered leaflet constructs.
Firm's biodiversity initiatives disclosure and board gender diversity: A multi‐country analysis of corporations operating in Europe
Authors: Issa Ayman , Zaid Mohammad A. A.
Published: March 2023

Environmental practices, in particular biodiversity protection, are crucial for a business to maintain its market valuation and social license. Grounded in resource dependency theory and upper echelon theory, we test the link between board gender diversity and firm's biodiversity initiatives disclosure. Also, we investigate potential moderating variables such as eco‐innovation, resource consumption reduction, and firm's corporate social responsibility (CSR) awards that could strengthen the link between board gender diversity and corporate biodiversity initiatives disclosure. To empirically test our study's framework, we rely on a sample of non‐financial firms operating in 13 European countries between 2002 and 2021. Our estimation results show that women's presence on boards is positively associated with better disclosure of biodiversity conservation initiatives of a firm. Also, our study suggests that firm's eco‐innovation, resource usage, and CSR awards are important and moderate the board gender diversity and biodiversity conservation disclosure nexus. Our results hold to a battery of sensitivity analyses.
Widely Targeted Metabolomics Analysis ofDendrobium officinaleat Different Altitudes
Authors: Jia Xiaohuan , Wu Faming , Lu Anjing , Tan Daopeng , Zhang Qianru , He Yuqi , Qin Lin
Published: March 2023

In order to investigate the differences in the chemical composition ofDendrobium officinaleat different altitudes, we collectedDendrobium officinalefrom different altitudes in Guizhou Province, China, and firstly determined its polysaccharide content by using a sulfuric acid‐phenol color development method with reference to the Chinese Pharmacopoeia, and further determined its metabolites by using widely targeted metabolomics, and explored the differences in the chemical composition ofDendrobium officinaleat different altitudes using multivariate statistical analysis. We found that the polysaccharide content was higher in plants growing at 1122 m, a total of 902 secondary metabolites were detected by wildly targeted metabolomics, and amino acids and their derivatives were more highly expressed at 1122 m, while other metabolites were more highly expressed at 835 m. Furthermore, we found that the phenolic acid compound nerugein was only present inplantsat 835 m, and two lipid compounds, namely Lyso PE 20 : 4 and its isomer, were only present at 1122 m. Taken together, these results may provide a basis for the selection and clinical application ofD. officinalecultivated at different altitudes.
Relationship Between Phenolic Content Determined by LC/MS/MS and Antioxidant Capacity and Enzyme Inhibition of Cyclotrichium niveum L.
Authors: Güzel Abdussamat
Published: March 2023

Cyclotrichium niveum (Boiss.) Manden & Scheng belonging to the Lamiaceae family, which is an endemic species in the eastern Anatolian region of Turkey, has an important place in terms of ethno‐botany. The phytochemical composition of the plant, inhibition of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) (which hydrolyzes the neurotransmitter acetylcholine), inhibition of paraoxonase for antiatherosclerotic activity (hPON 1) (which detoxifies organophosphates), and antioxidant capacity were all investigated in this study. Phytochemical content was determined by LC/MS/MS, and enzyme inhibition and antioxidant capacity studies were determined by spectrophotometer. Antioxidant capacity of C. niveum extracts (methanol, hexane, and water) was determined by applying ABTS⋅+, DPPH⋅, FRAP, and CUPRAC methods. Both the water and the methanol extracts of the C. niveum exhibited significant inhibition on the AChE (IC50 value for methanol and water extract 0.114±0.14 mg/mL (R2:0.997) and 0.178±0.12 mg/mL (R2: 0.994), respectively). In contrast, the methanol and water extracts of the C. niveum did not exhibit the inhibition effect on hPON 1. The highest activity for ABTS⋅+ was 66.53 % in the water extract, and DPPH⋅ was 55.03 % in the methanol extract. In the metal‐reducing power assay, the absorbance was 0.168±0.04 for FRAP water extract and 0.621±0.01 for CUPRAC methanol extract. According to LC/MS/MS analyses, hydroxybenzoic acid, salicylic acid, syringic acid, acetohydroxamic acid and luteolin determined in the plant extract. As a consequence, C. niveum which has antioxidant, anti‐atherogenic and anti‐neurodegenerative properties has the potential to be used as a natural medication instead of synthetic drugs used in Alzheimer's patients.
Syntheses and Antibacterial Evaluation of New Penicillium Metabolites Gregatins G and Thiocarboxylics C
Authors: Gillsch Franziska , Mbui Fredrick , Bilitewski Ursula , Schobert Rainer
Published: March 2023

Two pairs of side‐chain epimeric 3‐methoxycarbonyl‐dihydrofuran‐4‐ones with structures purported for thiocarboxylics C1/2 and gregatins G1/2, isolated from Penicillium sp. Sb62, were synthesised for the first time in five steps and 17–25 % yield. Key steps were a Suzuki cross‐coupling, a Yamaguchi esterification, and a base‐induced Knoevenagel‐type condensation. The optimum protecting group for the 10‐OH group in the dienyl side‐chain, orthogonal to necessary protecting groups on O‐10 of the furanone, was found to be t‐butyldiphenylsilyl (TBDPS). The specific rotations of our synthetic products deviated markedly from those reported for the natural isolates. In contrast to the isolates, the synthetic products were not active against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus bacteria.
Up to snuff (box): Coalescing advances in dorsal radial arterial access
Authors: Soofi Muhammad , Gilchrist Ian C.
Published: March 2023

Key Points

Publications concerning the dorsal radial approach have proliferated providing an opportunity to evaluate the present state of knowledge with meta‐analysis.

Advantage to the dorsal radial compared to conventional radial access include less radial artery occlusion, quicker hemostasis time and less bleeding.

Disadvantages to dorsal radial continue to be an increased access time and greater risk of cross‐over, both characteristics that may be attenuated by experience.
Combined use of peripheral nerve stimulation and dorsal root ganglion stimulation for refractory complex regional pain syndrome type I to avoid amputation: A case report
Authors: Aman Mansoor M. , Ibrahim Yussr M. , Buluk Figueira Merve , Werhand Jessica M.
Published: March 2023

We describe a case of left foot and ankle complex regional pain syndrome type 1 that necessitated a novel combination of a functioning dorsal root ganglion stimulation and peripheral nerve stimulation. This approach optimized pain relief, functional improvement, and avoided amputation.
Reconstruction of persistent oronasal communication using an anteriorly based tongue flap following failed cleft palate repair—Report of two cases
Authors: Guthua Symon , Sarna Krishan , Kamau Martin , Ng'ang'a Peter M.
Published: March 2023

The tongue flap is a suitable alternative to local mucoperiosteal flaps in closure of wide, persistent oronasal communications, surrounded by scarred and fibrotic tissue as a result of previously attempted palatoplasty. Herein, we report two cases with large recurrent oronasal communication closed using the anteriorly based dorsal tongue flap.
Mid‐lateral approach for revascularization of an amputated second toe: A case report
Authors: Nishimura Ken , Fukasawa Katsuyasu , Sugawara Runa , Kobayashi Koichi
Published: March 2023

The plantar or dorsal approach has been previously reported for the replantation or revascularization of a completely or incompletely amputated lesser toe. However, no reports exist describing an alternative approach for the replantation or revascularization of an amputated lesser toe, either complete or incomplete. We encountered a rare case of revascularization of an incompletely amputated second toe using a mid‐lateral approach. The purpose of this case report was to describe the mid‐lateral approach, which is novel in its nature for the replantation or revascularization of a completely or incompletely amputated lesser toe. A 43‐year‐old male was involved in a motor vehicle accident and had incomplete crush amputation of a second toe at the base of the nail, along with open dislocation of the distal interphalangeal (DIP) joint in the third toe. We performed artery‐only revascularization of the second toe using a mid‐lateral approach, with the patient in the supine position with his hip in flexion and external rotation. The postoperative course was uneventful, and the second toe was deemed viable. The Japanese Society for Surgery of the Foot (JSSF) standard rating system of the lesser toe was rated 90 and the Self‐Administered Foot Evaluation Questionnaire (SAFE‐Q) scored 100 in all the mentioned categories. The mid‐lateral approach could be an option for the replantation or revascularization of an amputated lesser toe distal to the proximal interphalangeal (PIP) joint.
Stability of a Silica‐Supported Second Generation Hoveyda‐Grubbs Catalyst Under Atmospheric Conditions: Experimental and Computational Studies
Authors: Nieres Pablo D. , Vaillard Victoria A. , Zelín Juan , Neuman Nicolás I. , Trasarti Andrés F. , Apesteguía Carlos R. , Vaillard Santiago E.
Published: March 2023

Second generation Hoveyda‐Grubbs (HG2) is a reliable and extremely useful catalyst for the synthesis of olefins. Recent studies show that supported HG2 catalyst is particularly well suited for the self‐metathesis reaction of unsaturated fatty acid methyl esters, such as methyl oleate (MO), among other applications. Within the various supports that have been studied, silica gel appears as one of the most promising for large scale application of heterogeneous HG2. In this work we found that although the catalyst supported on silica gel retains its activity when stored under strictly controlled conditions (vacuum, 253 K), the activity deeply decreases when the supported complex is stored under atmospheric conditions at 298 K, compromising the stability and applicability of the heterogeneous catalyst. We carried out a detailed experimental and spectroscopic study of the deactivation process of the supported catalyst, which, aided by electronic structure calculations, allowed us to throw some light onto the catalyst decomposition process.