bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Multifactorial Approach to Biosurfactant Production by Adaptive Strain Candida tropicalis MTCC 230 in the Presence of Hydrocarbons
Authors: Verma Ashish , Gupta Neeraj , Verma Shiv Kr. , Das Mira Debnath
Published: June 2014

In this study, Candida tropicalis MTCC 230 was used to adapted in hydrocarbon along with glucose for biosurfactant production, showing diauxic growth during the production. Biosurfactant was characterized through TLC and FTIR analysis as surfactin, a lipopeptide. Process parameters were optimized one factor at a time, showing the highest emulsification index (%E24) at 54 %. The production of biosurfactant was enhanced by using biostatistically based experimental design with the interactive effect of different parameters. On the basis of Placket–Burman design, four factors, hydrocarbon, ammonium chloride, microelements and temperature are found to be significant (P < 0.05) for the production of biosurfactant. A second order polynomial regression model in central composite design estimated the maximum biosurfactant production in terms of the emulsification index (%E24). The optimum combination of different parameters for the biosurfactant production, obtained for hydrocarbon, ammonium chloride, microelements and temperature are 81.41 %, 1.63 (g/l), 1.69 (g/l) and 35.25 °C, respectively. The biosurfactant production was increased twofold after optimization and selection of interactive parameters by response surface methodology.
Re‐esterified Palm Oils, Compared to Native Palm Oil, do not Alter Fat Absorption, Postprandial Lipemia or Growth Performance in Broiler Chicks
Authors: Vilarrasa E. , Tres A. , Bayés‐García L. , Parella T. , Esteve‐Garcia E. , Barroeta A. C.
Published: June 2014

Re‐esterified palm oils are obtained from the chemical esterification of palm acid oils (rich in free fatty acids) with glycerol, both economically interesting by‐products from oil refining and biodiesel industries, respectively. Thus, re‐esterified palm oils could be an economically interesting alternative to native palm oil in broiler chick diets. However, because they may have different physicochemical properties than have their corresponding native oil, we assessed the effect of fatty acid (FA) positional distribution within acylglycerol molecules and the effect of acylglycerol composition on FA apparent absorption, and their possible consequences on the evolution of postprandial lipemia and growth performance in broiler chicks. Seventy‐two 1‐day‐old female broiler chicks were randomly distributed into 18 cages. The three treatments used were the result of a basal diet supplemented with 6 wt% of native palm oil (N‐TAG), re‐esterified palm oil (E‐TAG), or re‐esterified palm oil high in mono‐ and diacylglycerols (E‐MDAG). Chemical esterification raised the fraction of palmitic acid at the sn‐2 position from 9.63 mol% in N‐TAG oil to 17.9 mol% in E‐TAG oil. Furthermore, E‐MDAG oil presented a high proportion of mono‐ (23.1 wt%) and diacylglycerols (51.2 wt%), with FA mainly located at the sn‐1,3 positions, which resulted in a lower gross‐energy content and an increased solid‐fat index at the chicken's body temperature. However, re‐esterified palm oils did not alter fat absorption, postprandial lipemia, or growth performance, compared to native palm oil, so they can be used as alternative fat sources in broiler chick diets.
Sterol and Fatty Acid Compositions of Olive Oil as an Indicator of Cultivar and Growing Area
Authors: Noorali Mehri , Barzegar Mohsen , Sahari Mohammad Ali
Published: June 2014

Because of the importance of cultivar and growing area on the quality and quantity of extracted olive oil, this study examined the effects of two different growing areas (Qom (subdesertic) and Gorgan (Caspian zone) that have important differences in altitude, latitude, and climatic conditions on the physicochemical characteristics of extracted oils from three common cultivars (Beleydi, Mission and Koroneiki) growing in Iran. Independently of the growing area conditions, Beleydi cultivars showed the lowest values of oil content (16.93 ± 1.55 and 43.54 ± 0.18 % in Qom and Gorgan, respectively) the greatest acidity, even higher than the limits specified by the International Olive Council (IOC) regulations (1.04 and 0.46 % in Qom and Gorgan, respectively), and the lowest oxidative stability (9.0 and 6.7 h in Qom and Gorgan, respectively) among the studied cultivars. All cultivars growing in Qom had lower oil contents, but they had higher oleic acid and β‐sitosterol content and lower PUFA/SFA ratios in comparison with cultivars grown in Gorgan. Therefore, cultivars grown in Qom had higher oxidative stability. Finally, when principal component analysis (PCA) was applied, the fatty acid and sterol profiles could be used to separate olive samples according to their cultivar and growing area, respectively.
Tailoring medical education to meet speciality needs
Authors: Vivekanantham Sayinthen , Ravindran Rahul , Gnanappiragasam Dushyanth
Published: June 2014

None
Approach and avoidant emotion regulation prevent depressive symptoms in children with an Autism Spectrum Disorder
Authors: Rieffe Carolien , De Bruine Marieke , De Rooij Mark , Stockmann Lex
Published: June 2014

The prevalence of depression is high in children with Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASDs), but its etiology has not yet been studied in this group. Emotion dysregulation is a well‐known contributor to the development of depression in typically developing (TD) children, which might also apply to children with ASD. In this study, we examined the longitudinal relationship between three different ways of emotion regulation (approach, avoidance and worry/rumination) and depressive symptoms in children with ASD and a group of TD children which were compatible with the ASD group (age 9–15‐years old). Children filled out self‐report questionnaires at 3 time points (with a 9‐month break between each session). To account for missing data multiple imputations were used. A regression model with clustered bootstrapping was used to establish which factors contributed to depression and to identify possible differences between the ASD and TD group. Approach and avoidant strategies prevented the development of depressive symptoms in both respective groups, whereas elevated levels of worry/rumination in turn increased children's depressive symptoms. Besides differences in absolute levels (children with ASD scored higher on symptoms of depression and lower on approach strategies than the TD group), no other differences between the groups emerged.
Computational analysis of image‐based drug profiling predicts synergistic drug combinations: Applications in triple‐negative breast cancer
Authors: Brandl Miriam B. , Pasquier Eddy , Li Fuhai , Beck Dominik , Zhang Sufang , Zhao Hong , Kavallaris Maria , Wong Stephen T.C.
Published: June 2014

An imaged‐based profiling and analysis system was developed to predict clinically effective synergistic drug combinations that could accelerate the identification of effective multi‐drug therapies for the treatment of triple‐negative breast cancer and other challenging malignancies. The identification of effective drug combinations for the treatment of triple‐negative breast cancer (TNBC) was achieved by integrating high‐content screening, computational analysis, and experimental biology. The approach was based on altered cellular phenotypes induced by 55 FDA‐approved drugs and biologically active compounds, acquired using fluorescence microscopy and retained in multivariate compound profiles. Dissimilarities between compound profiles guided the identification of 5 combinations, which were assessed for qualitative interaction on TNBC cell growth. The combination of the microtubule‐targeting drug vinblastine with KSP/Eg5 motor protein inhibitors monastrol or ispinesib showed potent synergism in 3 independent TNBC cell lines, which was not substantiated in normal fibroblasts. The synergistic interaction was mediated by an increase in mitotic arrest with cells demonstrating typical ispinesib‐induced monopolar mitotic spindles, which translated into enhanced apoptosis induction. The antitumour activity of the combination vinblastine/ispinesib was confirmed in an orthotopic mouse model of TNBC. Compared to single drug treatment, combination treatment significantly reduced tumour growth without causing increased toxicity. Image‐based profiling and analysis led to the rapid discovery of a drug combination effective against TNBC in vitro and in vivo, and has the potential to lead to the development of new therapeutic options in other hard‐to‐treat cancers.
Extreme Altitude: Words From on High
Authors: Lankford Harvey V.
Published: June 2014

Medical science has its own objective language for describing the effects of high altitude. Mountaineers’ words and metaphors tell the story with subjectivity and feeling. This essay will include only limited physiology about lowlanders and high altitude. Instead, the focus will be literary, using the quotations of 20th-century mountaineers and mountaineer physicians to provide color commentary about the hardship. These are Words From on High.
Gambling: an Irish perspective
Authors: Subramanian N.
Published: June 2014

Gambling legislation in Ireland has not been amended for the last several decades. The proposed Gambling Control Bill 2013 provides the opportunity to enact a bill in accordance with the current trends in gambling. The classification of Gambling Disorder in DSM 5 under Substance Use Disorders in 2013 highlights the addiction potential of gambling and the perils associated with the same. This editorial discusses the prevalence of gambling disorders, its societal implications, mental health conditions co-morbid with gambling disorders, screening tools available for gambling disorders, and the treatment options available for gambling disorders at present. Furthermore, factors to be considered before enacting the proposed Gambling Control Bill 2013 into legislation have also been discussed.
Clinical Experience in Late Antiquity: Alexander of Tralles and the Therapy of Epilepsy
Authors: Bouras-vallianatos Petros
Published: June 2014

Alexander of Tralles, writing in the late sixth century, combined his wide-ranging practical knowledge with earlier medical theories. This article shows how clinical experience is used in Alexander’s works by concentrating on his therapeutic advice on epilepsy and, in particular, on pharmacology and the group of so-called natural remedies. I argue that clinical testing is used not only for the introduction of new medicines but also as an instrument for checking the therapeutic effect of popular healing practices. On another level, this article discusses Alexander’s role as the author of a medical compendium; it suggests that by marking the cases of clinical testing with a set of recurrent expressions, Alexander leads his audience to reflect on his medical authority and personal contribution.
Making Modern Migraine Medieval: Men of Science, Hildegard of Bingen and the Life of a Retrospective Diagnosis
Authors: Foxhall Katherine
Published: June 2014

Charles Singer’s retrospective diagnosis of Hildegard of Bingen as a migraine sufferer, first made in 1913, has become commonly accepted. This article uses Hildegard as a case study to shift our focus from a polarised debate about the merits or otherwise of retrospective diagnosis, to examine instead what happens when diagnoses take on lives of their own. It argues that simply championing or rejecting retrospective diagnosis is not enough; that we need instead to appreciate how, at the moment of creation, a diagnosis reflects the significance of particular medical signs and theories in historical context and how, when and why such diagnoses can come to do meaningful work when subsequently mobilised as scientific ‘fact’. This article first traces the emergence of a new formulation of migraine in the nineteenth century, then shows how this context enabled Singer to retrospectively diagnose Hildegard’s migraine and finally examines some of the ways in which this idea has gained popular and academic currency in the second half of the twentieth century. The case of Hildegard’s migraine reminds us of the need to historicise scientific evidence just as rigorously as we historicise our other material and it exposes the cumulative methodological problems that can occur when historians use science, and scientists use history on a casual basis.
Paracelsian Medicine and Theory of Generation in ‘Exterior homo’, a Manuscript Probably Authored by Jan Baptist Van Helmont (1579–1644)
Authors: Hedesan Georgiana D.
Published: June 2014

This article discusses a Latin manuscript that can be found in the Jan Baptist Van Helmont (1579–1644) archives in Mechelen (Malines), Belgium. The manuscript bears no author and no title, and begins with the words ‘Exterior homo’, hence being referred by this provisional title in the analysis. Ecclesiastical prosecutors investigating Van Helmont for heresy in 1634 considered that it was written by him, but this was vehemently denied by the Flemish physician. The present article takes a first detailed look at the content of the treatise and ideas contained therein. It hence identifies the manuscript as belonging to a seventeenth-century physician influenced by the ideas of Theophrastus Paracelsus (1493–1541) and his interpreter Petrus Severinus (1542–1602), and containing a complex medical philosophy drawn on alchemical thought. Thus, the anonymous author presents a comprehensive view on the nature and structure of man, as well as an idiosyncratic theory of human generation. Following the analysis of the treatise, the article further compares it with the known works of J.B. Van Helmont, and finds that it is very similar to his ideas. Hence, the article concludes that it is ‘likely’ that the manuscript is indeed written by Van Helmont, although lack of direct evidence prevents certain attribution.
A new primitive eucryptodiran turtle from the Upper Jurassic Phu Kradung Formation of the Khorat Plateau, NE Thailand
Authors: TONG HAIYAN , NAKSRI WILAILUCK , BUFFETAUT ERIC , SUTEETHORN VARAVUDH , SUTEETHORN SURAVECH , DEESRI UTHUMPORN , SILA SAITONG , CHANTHASIT PHORNPHEN , CLAUDE JULIEN
Published: June 2014

A new genus and new species of primitive eucryptodiran turtle, Phunoichelys thirakhupti gen. et sp. nov., is described on the basis of shell remains from the lower part of the Phu Kradung Formation, at Phu Noi locality, Kalasin Province, NE Thailand. It is assigned to Xinjiangchelyidae on the basis of the marginals covering the lateral end of the costals and the anal scutes invading the hypoplastra. The new taxon is further characterized by a low and rounded carapace without a cervical notch; the whole carapace and plastron covered with a clear ornamentation consisting of tiny irregular vermiculated furrows; a complete neural series that reaches the suprapygal; a very wide and short cervical scute; relatively wide vertebral scutes; and a long first thoracic rib that extends along the full width of the first costal. The sutured plastron/carapace connection and the marginals covering the lateral end of the second to seventh costals suggest that the turtles from Phu Noi may be related to some primitive xinjiangchelyids from the Sichuan Basin. The discovery of a xinjiangchelyid turtle in the lower part of the Phu Kradung Formation supports a Late Jurassic age for that part of the formation.
Narratives of home and place: findings from the Housing and Independent Living Study
Authors: MACKENZIE LYNETTE , CURRYER CASSIE , BYLES JULIE E.
Published: June 2014

As populations age, increased focus is given to the importance of enabling older people to age in place. The study reported in this paper explored the extent to which older people considered their homes and neighbourhoods to be ‘supportive’, and sought to increase understanding of the needs and experiences of older people and their expectations of future housing needs. This paper reports qualitative data from the Housing and Independent Living (HAIL) study carried out in Australia. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 202 community-dwelling people aged 75–79 years. Interviews were transcribed, coded and analysed using computer-assisted qualitative analysis and a narrative approach to identify broad themes. Thematic analysis was used to examine and understand how occupants subjectively viewed their homes, and how they planned to adapt/modify either their activities or homes to accommodate changing needs. Six key themes emerged, namely housing choice, attachment to place, financial issues, changes to the home over time, transport, and anticipating the future. In this study, people who most strongly identified with and felt connected to their neighbours/communities had more positive perceptions of their homes and communities, and may be better able to remain in their home despite increasing disability or frailty. Housing policies and home and urban design should ensure home and neighbourhood environments are safe, accessible, promote positive associations, and are adaptable to facilitate independence and accommodate change as people age.
Hausdorff dimension of level sets of generalized Takagi functions
Authors: ALLAART PIETER C.
Published: June 2014

This paper examines the Hausdorff dimension of the level setsf−1(y) of continuous functions of the form\begin{equation*} f(x)=\sum_{n=0}^\infty 2^{-n}\omega_n(x)\phi(2^n x), \quad 0\leq x\leq 1, \end{equation*}where φ(x) is the distance fromxto the nearest integer, and for eachn, ωnis a {−1,1}-valued function which is constant on each interval [j/2n,(j+1)/2n),j=0,1,. . .,2n− 1. This class of functions includes Takagi's continuous but nowhere differentiable function. It is shown that the largest possible Hausdorff dimension off−1(y) is$\log ((9+\sqrt{105})/2)/\log 16\approx .8166$, but in case each ωnis constant, the largest possible dimension is 1/2. These results are extended to the intersection of the graph offwith lines of arbitrary integer slope. Furthermore, two natural models of choosing the signs ωn(x) at random are considered, and almost-sure results are obtained for the Hausdorff dimension of the zero set and the set of maximum points off. The paper ends with a list of open problems.
A large multi-pathogen gastroenteritis outbreak caused by drinking contaminated water from antique neighbourhood fountains, Erzurum city, Turkey, December 2012
Authors: SEZEN F. , AVAL E. , AĞKURT T. , YILMAZ Ş. , TEMEL F. , GÜLEŞEN R. , KORUKLUOĞLU G. , SUCAKLI M. B. , TORUNOĞLU M. A. , ZHU B.-P.
Published: June 2014

We investigated a gastroenteritis outbreak in Erzurum city, Turkey in December 2012 to identify its cause and mode of transmission. We defined a probable case as onset of diarrhoea (⩾3 episodes/day) or vomiting, plus fever or nausea or abdominal pain during 19–27 December, 2012 in an Erzurum city resident. In a case-control study we compared exposures of 95 randomly selected probable cases and 95 neighbourhood-matched controls. We conducted bacterial culture and real-time multiplex PCR for identification of pathogens. During the week before illness onset, 72% of cases and 15% of controls only drank water from antique neighbourhood fountains; conversely, 16% of cases and 65% of controls only drank bottled or tap water (adjusted odds ratio 20, 95% confidence interval 4·6–84, after controlling for age and sex using conditional logistic regression). Of eight stool specimens collected, two were positive forShigella sonnei, one for astrovirus, one for astrovirus and norovirus, and one for astrovirus and rotavirus. Water samples from the fountains had elevated total coliform (38–300/100 ml) andEscherichia coli(22–198/100 ml) counts. In conclusion, drinking contaminated fountain water caused this multi-pathogen outbreak. Residents should stop drinking water from these fountains, and clean water from the water treatment plant should be connected to the fountains.
Analyzing Text Complexity in Political Science Research
Authors: Cann Damon M. , Goelzhauser Greg , Johnson Kaylee
Published: June 2014

This article analyzes the text complexity of political science research. Using automated text analysis, we examine the text complexity of a sample of articles from three leading generalist journals and four leading subfield journals. We also examine changes in text complexity across time by analyzing a sample of articles from the discipline’s flagship journal during a 100-year span. Although it is not surprising that a typical political science article is difficult to read, it is accessible to intelligent lay readers. We found little difference in text complexity across time or subfield.
Trends im Substanzkonsum Jugendlicher: Gibt es regionale Unterschiede?
Authors: Matos Elena Gomes de , Kraus Ludwig , Pabst Alexander , Piontek Daniela
Published: June 2014

Fragestellung: Es wurde untersucht, ob auf Bundeslandebene Unterschiede im Alkohol-, Tabak- und Cannabiskonsum Jugendlicher und seiner Zeitverläufe bestehen. Methodik: Daten von 23.997 Jugendlichen aus drei Erhebungswellen (2003; 2007; 2011) der Europäischen Schülerstudie zu Alkohol und anderen Drogen (ESPAD) der 9. und 10. Klasse aus fünf Bundesländern (Bayern, Berlin, Brandenburg, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Thüringen) wurden deskriptiv und regressionsanalytisch ausgewertet. Ergebnisse: Länderübergreifend zeigen sich für alle drei Substanzen sinkende Konsumwerte über die Zeit. Für den Cannabiskonsum ist dieser Trend nur bis 2007 zu beobachten. Berlin weist den geringsten Alkohol- und höchsten Cannabiskonsum auf. Der Tabakkonsum ist in Brandenburg und Mecklenburg-Vorpommern am höchsten und zeigt den stärksten Rückgang in Thüringen. Schlussfolgerungen: Trotz einiger Unterschiede in den Konsumprofilen der Bundesländer sind die Trends sehr homogen. Insgesamt betrachtet sind die beobachteten Konsumparameter, die sich im europäischen Vergleich auf hohem bis mittlerem Niveau befinden, rückläufig.
Vanillin formation from ferulic acid in Vanilla planifolia is catalysed by a single enzyme
Authors: Gallage Nethaji J. , Hansen Esben H. , Kannangara Rubini , Olsen Carl Erik , Motawia Mohammed Saddik , Jørgensen Kirsten , Holme Inger , Hebelstrup Kim , Grisoni Michel , Møller Birger Lindberg
Published: June 2014

Vanillin is a popular and valuable flavour compound. It is the key constituent of the natural vanilla flavour obtained from cured vanilla pods. Here we show that a single hydratase/lyase type enzyme designated vanillin synthase (VpVAN) catalyses direct conversion of ferulic acid and its glucoside into vanillin and its glucoside, respectively. The enzyme shows high sequence similarity to cysteine proteinases and is specific to the substitution pattern at the aromatic ring and does not metabolize caffeic acid and p-coumaric acid as demonstrated by coupled transcription/translation assays. VpVAN localizes to the inner part of the vanilla pod and high transcript levels are found in single cells located a few cell layers from the inner epidermis. Transient expression of VpVAN in tobacco and stable expression in barley in combination with the action of endogenous alcohol dehydrogenases and UDP-glucosyltransferases result in vanillyl alcohol glucoside formation from endogenous ferulic acid. A gene encoding an enzyme showing 71% sequence identity to VpVAN was identified in another vanillin-producing plant species Glechoma hederacea and was also shown to be a vanillin synthase as demonstrated by transient expression in tobacco.
Magnetically mixed hemimicelles solid-phase extraction based on ionic liquid-coated Fe3O4 nanoparticles for the analysis of trace organic contaminants in water
Authors: Dong Sheying , Huang Guiqi , Wang Xiaohong , Hu Qing , Huang Tinglin
Published: June 2014

Magnetically mixed hemimicelles formed by ionic liquid-coated Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles (IL-coated Fe3O4 NPs) as an adsorbent of solid-phase extraction are proposed for the preconcentration of five organic contaminants.
Modulation of argentophilic interactions by bridging amine ligands: photoluminescence tuneable by excitation energy or temperature
Authors: Zheng Ji , Yu Ya-Dong , Liu Fang-Fang , Liu Bao-Yu , Wei Gang , Huang Xiao-Chun
Published: June 2014

From binuclear to tetranuclear silver(i) oligomers through short bridging amine ligands replacing the terminal ones: difference in argentophilicity leads to dual emission modulated by excitation energy and temperature, giving different emission colours.
Stereoselective synthesis of triarylethylenes via copper–palladium catalyzed decarboxylative cross-coupling: synthesis of (Z)-tamoxifen
Authors: Cahiez Gérard , Moyeux Alban , Poizat Maël
Published: June 2014

The first Cu/Pd-catalyzed decarboxylative cross-coupling of 3,3-diarylacrylic acids with aryl bromides is described.
Synthesis of N-aryl substituted, five- and six-membered azacycles using aluminum-amide complexes
Authors: Korbad Balaji L. , Lee Sang-Hyeup
Published: June 2014

N-Aryl substituted, five- and six-membered azacycles, isoindoles and tetrahydroisoquinolines, were synthesized from the reaction of corresponding cyclic ethers (n = 1, 2) with dimethylaluminum-amide reagents.
Effects of biomineralization peptide topology on the structure and catalytic activity of Pd nanomaterials
Authors: Janairo Jose Isagani B. , Sakaguchi Tatsuya , Hara Kenji , Fukuoka Atsushi , Sakaguchi Kazuyasu
Published: June 2014

Three dimensional porous structures of Pd were formed through a designed peptide with precisely defined topological features. The hierarchical materials exhibited excellent catalytic performance in the reduction of nitrophenol isomers with preference for the meta isomer.
Disintegration of graphene nanoribbons in large electrostatic fields
Authors: Huang Haiming , Li Zhibing , Kreuzer H. J. , Wang Weiliang
Published: June 2014

The deformation and disintegration of a graphene nanoribbon under external electrostatic fields are investigated by first principle quantum mechanical calculations to establish its stability range.
Near constant loss regime in fast ionic conductors analyzed by impedance and NMR spectroscopies
Authors: Bucheli Wilmer , Arbi Kamel , Sanz Jesús , Nuzhnyy Dmitry , Kamba Stanislav , Várez Alejandro , Jimenez Ricardo
Published: June 2014

Broadband impedance spectroscopy and NMR measurements experimentally prove that strong near constant loss contribution to the conductivity is not mandatory to present the highest Li ion conductivity in solid electrolytes.
Charge-carrier generation in organic solar cells using crystalline donor polymers
Authors: Tamai Yasunari , Tsuda Kazuki , Ohkita Hideo , Benten Hiroaki , Ito Shinzaburo
Published: June 2014

Crystalline donor polymers can promote delocalization of hole polarons and hence result in highly efficient charge-carrier generation in organic solar cells.
Well-controlled metal co-catalysts synthesised by chemical vapour impregnation for photocatalytic hydrogen production and water purification
Authors: Su Ren , Forde Michael M. , He Qian , Shen Yanbin , Wang Xueqin , Dimitratos Nikolaos , Wendt Stefan , Huang Yudong , Iversen Bo B. , Kiely Christopher J. , Besenbacher Flemming , Hutchings Graham J.
Published: June 2014

Engineered fine metal nanoparticles prepared by chemical vapour impregnation method improve the photocatalytic performance of titanium dioxide.
Antrodia camphorata induces G1cell-cycle arrest in human premyelocytic leukemia (HL-60) cells and suppresses tumor growth in athymic nude mice
Authors: Yang Hsin-Ling , Kumar K. J. Senthil , Kuo Ya-Ting , Chang Hebron C. , Liao Jiunn-Wang , Hsu Li-Sung , Hseu You-Cheng
Published: June 2014

Antrodia camphoratais a well-known medicinal mushroom in Taiwan.
A theoretical study of the nornicotine-catalyzed Mannich reaction in wet solvents and water
Authors: Yang Sheng-Che , Lankau Timm , Yu Chin-Hui
Published: June 2014

Quantum calculations lead the way to a green version of the versatile Mannich reaction in water catalysed by nornicotine.
Ferrocenyl methylene units and copper(ii) phenanthroline complex units anchored on branched poly(ethyleneimine) – DNA binding, antimicrobial and anticancer activity
Authors: Pradeep Ilayaperumal , Megarajan Sengan , Arunachalam Sankaralingam , Dhivya Rajakumar , Vinothkanna Annadurai , Akbarsha Mohammad Abdulkadher , Sekar Soundarapandian
Published: June 2014

Polymer conjugates ([Cu(phen)2–(Fc-BPEI)]Cl2) were synthesized and characterized by spectroscopic and analytical techniques:in vitroantimicrobial and anticancer studies.
Controlled growth of CuO–Cu3Pt/Cu micro-nano binary architectures on copper substrate and its superhydrophobic behavior
Authors: Zhang Nan , Lu Shixiang , Xu Wenguo , Zhang Yan
Published: June 2014

A stable superhydrophobic surface was effectively fabricated on a copper substrateviaspontaneous deposition and annealing without organic modification.
Rational design of a thermalresponsive-polymer-switchable FRET system for enhancing the temperature sensitivity of upconversion nanophosphors
Authors: Xiao Qingbo , Li Yanfang , Li Fujin , Zhang Mengxin , Zhang Zhijun , Lin Hongzhen
Published: June 2014

A novel FRET switching method for enhancing the temperature sensitivity of upconversion nanophosphors was developed by employing the thermalresponsive polymer as a spacer and the Au nanoparticles as the energy acceptor.
Mercaptobenzoic acid-palladium(0) complexes as active catalysts for S-benzylation with benzylic alcohols via (η3-benzyl)palladium(ii) cations in water
Authors: Hikawa Hidemasa , Azumaya Isao
Published: June 2014

Mercaptobenzoic acid-palladium(0) complexes show high catalytic activity for S-benzylation with benzylic alcohols via the (η3-benzyl)palladium(ii) cation in water. The catalytic system can be performed using only 2.5 mol% Pd2(dba)3 without the phosphine ligand or other additives.
An indolocarbazole dimer as a new stereodynamic probe for chiral 1,2-diamines
Authors: Jeon Hae-Geun , Kim Min Jun , Jeong Kyu-Sung
Published: June 2014

An indolocarbazole dimer functions as a new stereodynamic probe determining the absolute configurations of chiral 1,2-diamines.
Enhancing the melt stability of polylactide stereocomplexes using a solid-state cross-linking strategy during a melt-blending process
Authors: Bai Hongwei , Liu Huili , Bai Dongyu , Zhang Qin , Wang Ke , Deng Hua , Chen Feng , Fu Qiang
Published: June 2014

Selective cross-linking of PLLA and PDLA chain couples in the amorphous phase allows for the formation of stereocomplex (sc) crystallites in the continuous melting and recrystallization process to be perfectly reversible.
Synthesis of conductive polyaniline-modified polymers via a combination of nitroxide-mediated polymerization and “click chemistry”
Authors: Hatamzadeh Maryam , Jaymand Mehdi
Published: June 2014

A new strategy for graft copolymerization of aniline onto polystyrene by a multi step process is suggested.
Trends and demands in the solid–liquid equilibrium of lipidic mixtures
Authors: Maximo Guilherme J. , Costa Mariana C. , Coutinho João A. P. , Meirelles Antonio J. A.
Published: June 2014

The increasing importance of oil chemistry in industry and academic research demands a deeper understanding of solid–liquid equilibria of lipidic systems that is still far from complete.
CdS nanoparticles anchored on the surface of yeast via a hydrothermal processes for environmental applications
Authors: Qin Fang , Bai Bo , Jing Dengwei , Chen Lan , Song Rui , Suo Yourui
Published: June 2014

CdS@yeast hybrid microspheres synthesized via hydrothermal method were applied for removal of methylene blue (MB).
The effect of temperature on the dynamics of a homogeneous oscillatory system operated in batch and under flow
Authors: Nogueira Paulo A. , Batista Bruno C. , Faria Roberto B. , Varela Hamilton
Published: June 2014

Dependence of the oscillation frequency on the temperature under flow and batch regimes.
Organo-metal perovskite based solar cells: sensitized versus planar architecture
Authors: Gamliel Shany , Etgar Lioz
Published: June 2014

This review describes studies in the field of perovskite solar cells comparing two solar cell architectures sensitized versus planar structure.
Peptidomimetic organocatalysts: efficient Michael addition of ketones onto nitroolefins with very low catalyst loading
Authors: Chandrasekhar Srivari , Kumar Chintakunta Praveen , Kumar Togapur Pavan , Haribabu Kothapalli , Jagadeesh Bharatam , Lakshmi Jerripothula K. , Mainkar Prathama S.
Published: June 2014

The syntheses and applications of peptidomimetic triazole-based catalysts are described as efficient organocatalysts in Michael reaction with low loading.
Dihydrobenzofuran production from catalytic tandem Claisen rearrangement–intramolecular hydroaryloxylation of allyl phenyl ethers in subcritical water
Authors: Luo Ligang , Liu Chunze , Hou Zhiqiang , Wang Yuanyuan , Dai Liyi
Published: June 2014

The one pot rapid and high-yielding Claisen hydroaryloxylation of allyl phenyl ethers in subcritical water is described (see scheme).
pH-control of the protein resistance of thin hydrogel gradient films
Authors: Tai Feng-I , Sterner Olof , Andersson Olof , Ekblad Tobias , Ederth Thomas
Published: June 2014

pH-dependent control of protein resistance, surface charge, and swelling is obtained on two-component ampholytic thickness-gradient films.
Hot injection thermolysis of heterometallic pivalate clusters for the synthesis of monodisperse zinc and nickel ferrite nanoparticles
Authors: Abdulwahab Khadijat O. , Malik Mohammad A. , O'Brien Paul , Timco Grigore A. , Tuna Floriana , Winpenny Richard E. P. , Pattrick Richard A. D. , Coker Victoria S. , Arenholz Elke
Published: June 2014

The heterometallic pivalate clusters have been used as single source precursors to synthesise zinc ferrite or nickel ferrite nanoparticles. The different reaction parameters, magnetic properties and XMCD were studied.
Fractionation of Memory in Patient Populations: A Memory Systems Perspective
Authors: Mahoney Elaine J. , Hannula Deborah E.
Published: June 2014

Memory complaints and impairments characterize a number of different neurological and neurodegenerative disorders. Exactly how these impairments manifest (e.g., the type of memory that is affected, the severity of the deficit, whether the impairment is temporally-limited or extensive) can vary considerably across patient populations and depends upon which memory systems or brain structures have been compromised. Following some historical context and a brief overview of the multiple memory systems perspective, several conditions with memory deficit as a primary or secondary symptom are described (i.e., MTL amnesia, diencephalic amnesia, Alzheimer's disease, semantic dementia, and Parkinson's disease). Patterns of spared and impaired performances across conditions are compared, and the pathological profiles of each disorder are summarized. It is concluded that while neuropsychological studies support the multiple memory systems perspective, they have also been instrumental in shaping our ever-evolving views of how brain systems support memory and how they interact.
Sparse/dense channel estimation with non‐zero tap detection for 60‐GHz beam training
Authors: Gao Bo , Xiao Zhenyu , Zhang Changming , Jin Depeng , Zeng Lieguang
Published: June 2014

Estimation of the multipath channel in 60‐GHz communications is challenging, because the channel may be sparse or dense during beam training. Specifically, because of the variation of the number of non‐zero taps, it is hard for common estimators to obtain robust and prominent performance. In order to address this problem, the authors propose a sparse/dense channel estimation with non‐zero tap detection (SDCE‐NTD). The estimation is conducted in a three‐stage fashion, including initial estimation with the unstructured least‐square (LS) algorithm, non‐zero‐tap detection with the generalised likelihood ratio test approach, and posterior estimation with the structured LS algorithm. The false‐alarm and detection probability of the tap detector, as well as the mean square error (MSE) of SDCE‐NTD, are derived and confirmed via simulations. Comparisons are conducted between SDCE‐NTD and the common estimators in the beam training scenarios, where both dense and sparse channels exist. Results show that SDCE‐NTD reveals a significant gain in terms of MSE over both the conventional LS algorithm, which does not exploit the sparse nature of the channel, and the matching pursuit algorithm, which endeavours to exploit the sparsity. In addition, it is also demonstrated that the proposed estimator can approach the lower bound with high signal‐to‐noise ratio.
Überblick – Grundlagenwissen zum motorischen Lernen
Authors: Stein Thorsten , Bös Klaus
Published: June 2014

Bewegungen sind die einzige Möglichkeit des Menschen, mit seiner Umwelt zu interagieren (z. B. Sprechen, Gesten oder Objektmanipulationen). Wie wichtig Bewegungen sind, fällt häufig erst auf, wenn motorische Störungen vorliegen. Andererseits ist es durch jahrelanges Training in Sport oder Musik möglich, Bewegungen in einer Art und Weise auszuführen, die für den Laien unvorstellbar ist. In diesem Beitrag werden Befunde zum motorischen Lernen aus der Sportwissenschaft, der Psychologie und der Neurowissenschaft aufgearbeitet und im Kontext der Neurorehabilitation diskutiert.
AtomicJ: An open source software for analysis of force curves
Authors: Hermanowicz Paweł , Sarna Michał , Burda Kvetoslava , Gabryś Halina
Published: June 2014

We present an open source Java application for analysis of force curves and images recorded with the Atomic Force Microscope. AtomicJ supports a wide range of contact mechanics models and implements procedures that reduce the influence of deviations from the contact model. It generates maps of mechanical properties, including maps of Young's modulus, adhesion force, and sample height. It can also calculate stacks, which reveal how sample's response to deformation changes with indentation depth. AtomicJ analyzes force curves concurrently on multiple threads, which allows for high speed of analysis. It runs on all popular operating systems, including Windows, Linux, and Macintosh.
The pentagon relation and incidence geometry
Authors: Doliwa Adam , Sergeev Sergey M.
Published: June 2014

We define a map \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\begin{document}$S:{\mathbb {D}}^2\times {\mathbb {D}}^2 \dashrightarrow {\mathbb {D}}^2\times {\mathbb {D}}^2$\end{document}S:D2×D2⤏D2×D2, where \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\begin{document}${\mathbb {D}}$\end{document}D is an arbitrary division ring (skew field), associated with the Veblen configuration, and we show that such a map provides solutions to the functional dynamical pentagon equation. We explain that fact in elementary geometric terms using the symmetry of the Veblen and Desargues configurations. We introduce also another map of a geometric origin with the pentagon property. We show equivalence of these maps with recently introduced Desargues maps which provide geometric interpretation to a non-commutative version of Hirota's discrete Kadomtsev–Petviashvili equation. Finally, we demonstrate that in an appropriate gauge the (commutative version of the) maps preserves a natural Poisson structure—the quasiclassical limit of the Weyl commutation relations. The corresponding quantum reduction is then studied. In particular, we discuss uniqueness of the Weyl relations for the ultra-local reduction of the map. We give then the corresponding solution of the quantum pentagon equation in terms of the non-compact quantum dilogarithm function.
A new combined nuclear magnetic resonance and Raman spectroscopic probe applied to in situ investigations of catalysts and catalytic processes
Authors: Camp Jules C. J. , Mantle Michael D. , York Andrew P. E. , McGregor James
Published: June 2014

Both Raman and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopies are valuable analytical techniques capable of providing mechanistic information and thereby providing insights into chemical processes, including catalytic reactions. Since both techniques are chemically sensitive, they yield not only structural information but also quantitative analysis. In this work, for the first time, the combination of the two techniques in a single experimental apparatus is reported. This entailed the design of a new experimental probe capable of recording simultaneous measurements on the same sample and/or system of interest. The individual datasets acquired by each spectroscopic method are compared to their unmodified, stand-alone equivalents on a single sample as a means to benchmark this novel piece of equipment. The application towards monitoring reaction progress is demonstrated through the evolution of the homogeneous catalysed metathesis of 1‑hexene, with both experimental techniques able to detect reactant consumption and product evolution. This is extended by inclusion of magic angle spinning (MAS) NMR capabilities with a custom made MAS 7 mm rotor capable of spinning speeds up to 1600 Hz, quantified by analysis of the spinning sidebands of a sample of KBr. The value of this is demonstrated through an application involving heterogeneous catalysis, namely the metathesis of 2-pentene and ethene. This provides the added benefit of being able to monitor both the reaction progress (by NMR spectroscopy) and also the structure of the catalyst (by Raman spectroscopy) on the very same sample, facilitating the development of structure-performance relationships.
Modeling time-coincident ultrafast electron transfer and solvation processes at molecule-semiconductor interfaces
Authors: Li Lesheng , Giokas Paul G. , Kanai Yosuke , Moran Andrew M.
Published: June 2014

Kinetic models based on Fermi's Golden Rule are commonly employed to understand photoinduced electron transfer dynamics at molecule-semiconductor interfaces. Implicit in such second-order perturbative descriptions is the assumption that nuclear relaxation of the photoexcited electron donor is fast compared to electron injection into the semiconductor. This approximation breaks down in systems where electron transfer transitions occur on 100-fs time scale. Here, we present a fourth-order perturbative model that captures the interplay between time-coincident electron transfer and nuclear relaxation processes initiated by light absorption. The model consists of a fairly small number of parameters, which can be derived from standard spectroscopic measurements (e.g., linear absorbance, fluorescence) and/or first-principles electronic structure calculations. Insights provided by the model are illustrated for a two-level donor molecule coupled to both (i) a single acceptor level and (ii) a density of states (DOS) calculated for TiO2 using a first-principles electronic structure theory. These numerical calculations show that second-order kinetic theories fail to capture basic physical effects when the DOS exhibits narrow maxima near the energy of the molecular excited state. Overall, we conclude that the present fourth-order rate formula constitutes a rigorous and intuitive framework for understanding photoinduced electron transfer dynamics that occur on the 100-fs time scale.
The link between shocks, turbulence, and magnetic reconnection in collisionless plasmas
Authors: Karimabadi H. , Roytershteyn V. , Vu H. X. , Omelchenko Y. A. , Scudder J. , Daughton W. , Dimmock A. , Nykyri K. , Wan M. , Sibeck D. , Tatineni M. , Majumdar A. , Loring B. , Geveci B.
Published: June 2014

Global hybrid (electron fluid, kinetic ions) and fully kinetic simulations of the magnetosphere have been used to show surprising interconnection between shocks, turbulence, and magnetic reconnection. In particular, collisionless shocks with their reflected ions that can get upstream before retransmission can generate previously unforeseen phenomena in the post shocked flows: (i) formation of reconnecting current sheets and magnetic islands with sizes up to tens of ion inertial length. (ii) Generation of large scale low frequency electromagnetic waves that are compressed and amplified as they cross the shock. These “wavefronts” maintain their integrity for tens of ion cyclotron times but eventually disrupt and dissipate their energy. (iii) Rippling of the shock front, which can in turn lead to formation of fast collimated jets extending to hundreds of ion inertial lengths downstream of the shock. The jets, which have high dynamical pressure, “stir” the downstream region, creating large scale disturbances such as vortices, sunward flows, and can trigger flux ropes along the magnetopause. This phenomenology closes the loop between shocks, turbulence, and magnetic reconnection in ways previously unrealized. These interconnections appear generic for the collisionless plasmas typical of space and are expected even at planar shocks, although they will also occur at curved shocks as occur at planets or around ejecta.
Driven polymer transport through a periodically patterned channel
Authors: Ikonen Timo
Published: June 2014

We study the driven transport of polymers in a periodically patterned channel using Langevin dynamics simulations in two dimensions. The channel walls are patterned with periodically alternating patches of attractive and non-attractive particles that act as trapping sites for the polymer. We find that the system shows rich dynamical behavior, observing giant diffusion, negative differential mobility, and several different transition mechanisms between the attractive patches. We also show that the channel can act as an efficient high-pass filter for polymers longer than a threshold length Nthr, which can be tuned by adjusting the length of the attractive patches and the driving force. Our findings suggest the possibility of fabricating polymer filtration devices based on patterned nanochannels.
Fluctuational electrodynamics of hyperbolic metamaterials
Authors: Guo Yu , Jacob Zubin
Published: June 2014

We give a detailed account of equilibrium and non-equilibrium fluctuational electrodynamics of hyperbolic metamaterials. We show the unifying aspects of two different approaches; one utilizes the second kind of fluctuation dissipation theorem and the other makes use of the scattering method. We analyze the near-field of hyperbolic media at finite temperatures and show that the lack of spatial coherence can be attributed to the multi-modal nature of super-Planckian thermal emission. We also adopt the analysis to phonon-polaritonic super-lattice metamaterials and describe the regimes suitable for experimental verification of our predicted effects. The results reveal that far-field thermal emission spectra are dominated by epsilon-near-zero and epsilon-near-pole responses as expected from Kirchoff's laws. Our work should aid both theorists and experimentalists to study complex media and engineer equilibrium and non-equilibrium fluctuations for applications in thermal photonics.
Rayleigh-Taylor instability of steady fronts described by the Kuramoto-Sivashinsky equation
Authors: Vilela P. M. , Vasquez Desiderio A.
Published: June 2014

We study steady thin reaction fronts described by the Kuramoto-Sivashinsky equation that separates fluids of different densities. This system may lead to hydrodynamic instabilities as buoyancy forces interact with the propagating fronts in a two-dimensional slab. We use Darcy's law to describe the fluid motion in this geometry. Steady front profiles can be flat, axisymmetric, or nonaxisymmetric, depending on the slab width, the density gradient, and fluid viscosity. Unstable flat fronts can be stabilized having a density gradient with the less dense fluid on top of a denser fluid. We find the steady front solutions from the nonlinear equations executing a linear stability analysis to determine their stability. We show regions of bistability where stable nonaxisymmetric and axisymmetric fronts can coexist. We also consider the stability of steady solutions in large domains, which can be constructed by dividing the domain into smaller parts or cells.