bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The pragmatic cycle of knowledge work: Unlocking cross-domain collaboration in open innovation spaces
Authors: Dionne Karl-Emanuel , Carlile Paul R
Published: March 2024

Collaborating is increasingly characterized by working across domains and organizations. Teams rapidly form and dissolve, actors and settings frequently change, yet most academic research focuses on stable organizations and team configurations with familiar domains. This leads to the question: how do people successfully collaborate across domains and organizations in circumstances where there is little shared knowledge? We explored this question within the nascent digital health sector when Hacking Health—a non-profit organization—used an open innovation approach to bring together actors from different domains and organizations in temporary spaces to spur new collaborations. We found that actors faced many challenges and engaged in four interconnected types of knowledge work to address them: exploring, complementing, mapping, and modeling. This article reveals how Hacking Health’s open innovation approach used different kinds of temporary spaces to progressively orient actors in their knowledge work to develop sustainable collaborations to create digital health solutions.
The Effect of Food and Financial Remittances on Household Food Security in Northern Nigeria
Authors: Barnabas Bulus , Bavorova Miroslava , Zhllima Edvin , Imami Drini , Pilarova Tereza , Madaki Mustapha Yakubu , Awalu Umar
Published: March 2024

Remittances from migrants are an important livelihood strategy to mitigate the impact of adverse economic conditions, particularly in developing countries and rural areas. This study examines how migration and remittances affect household food security by analyzing data collected from 180 farmers in northern Nigeria in 2018. The descriptive results show that households use remittances mainly for health care and education. Remittances are most commonly provided in the form of finances and food. Binary logit regression results show that food remittances have a significant positive impact on food security status. Financial remittances did not have a statistically significant impact on food security. As the number of migrants in a household increases, the probability that the household is food secure decreases. The propensity scores matching result also showed that migrant households receiving food remittances were more food secure. In light of these findings, we emphasized the need to include both financial and food remittances in studies to understand the effect on food security.
Decomposition of the Change in Child Mortality by Income Groups in India, 2005–2021
Authors: Ranjan Chaurasia Aalok
Published: March 2024

This paper analyses how change in child mortality in different income sub-groups has contributed to change in child mortality in India during 2005–2021. The poorest and poor populations have primarily contributed to the decrease in child mortality while the contribution of the richest population has been negative. The contribution of the change in child mortality in different income sub-groups has been different in different states. In many states, it has been negative in the richest population. The contribution of the change is also sensitive to the measure of child mortality. The paper calls for reinvigorating India’s healthcare system.
Polygenic Indices (aka Polygenic Scores) in Social Science: A Guide for Interpretation and Evaluation
Authors: Burt Callie H.
Published: March 2024

Polygenic indices (PGI)—the new recommended label for polygenic scores in social science applications—are genetic summary scales often used to represent an individual’s liability for a disease, trait, or behavior on the basis of the additive effects of measured genetic variants. Enthusiasm for linking genetic data with social outcomes and the inclusion of premade PGIs in social science data sets have facilitated increased uptake of PGIs in social science research, a trend that will likely continue. Yet most social scientists lack the expertise to interpret and evaluate PGIs in social science research. Here, I provide a primer on PGIs for social scientists focusing on key concepts, unique statistical genetic considerations, and best practices in calculation, estimation, reporting, and interpretation. I summarize recommended best practices as a checklist to aid social scientists in evaluating and interpreting studies with PGIs. I conclude by discussing the similarities between PGIs and standard social science scales and unique interpretative considerations.
Facies and geochemical characteristics of the Middle-Lower Ordovician Yingshan Formation in the Tarim Basin, NW China: Implications for the high-frequency sequence stratigraphy in shallow-water carbonate platform
Authors: Yang Xiaoqun , Peng Shoutao , Fan Tailiang , Gao Zhiqian , Wang Shi
Published: March 2024

Shallow-water carbonates from the Yingshan Formation are important target of hydrocarbon exploration in Tarim Basin. Detailed descriptions of outcrop, core, and thin sections, isotopic composition analysis, and trace element analysis were conducted. Seven lithofacies which consists of two facies belt groups were identified and used to interpret deposition environments of Yingshan Formation: (1) peritidal carbonate, with relatively lower δ13C values from −4.2% to −1.9%, mainly represented by intertidal to supratidal facies and restricted subtidal facies and (2) open-marine subtidal carbonate, with higher δ13C values (−1.5% to −0.3%), mainly consists of shoal facies and interbank sea facies. On the basis of the lithology sets, four types of meter-scale cycle model (types A–D) were grouped into peritidal sequences and subtidal sequences. On the basis of vertical lithofacies, cycle stacking patterns, and accommodation variations in Fischer plots, two third-order depositional sequences (SQ1–SQ2) were recognized. The sequence boundary between SQ1 and SQ2 is not only a surface of a positive shift of δ13C values, but also the transitional zone of cycle stacking patterns. The sequences can be further divided into four fourth-order sequence sets: Sq1–Sq4. The lower sequences (Sq1–Sq2) are dominated by peritidal facies and characterized by a progressive decreasing in accommodation space probably indicates a longer-term fall in sea level. The upper sequences (Sq3–Sq4) are mainly dominated by subtidal facies and characterized by the accommodation space with a progressive increasement, likely indicates a rising sea level with a longer term. The facies-controlled reservoirs are mainly present in the Sq3, related to the sequence boundary between SQ1 and SQ2.
Optimization of natural rubber foams: Effect of foaming agent content and processing conditions on the cellular structure and mechanical properties
Authors: Rostami-Tapeh-Esmaeil Ehsan , Ahmad Hibal , Kazemi Hossein , Rodrigue Denis
Published: March 2024

In the past decades, natural rubber (NR) foams became popular in the automotive, construction and aerospace industries because of their lightweight, flexibility and shock-absorbing properties. The selection of optimal formulation and processing parameters is critical to produce foam with specific properties depending on the application. In this study, the effect of foaming agent concentration, foaming temperature and time on the morphological and mechanical properties of NR foams was investigated. First, increasing the foaming agent content from 5 to 9 phr (parts per hundred rubber) increased the cell size (16%), while decreasing the compression modulus (28%). In the second part, increasing the foaming temperature (145 to 155°C) resulted in larger cell size (163%); while decreasing the cell density (28%), compression modulus (2%), and hardness (1%). In the third part, increasing the foaming time (25 to 45 min) led to smaller cell size (63%) combined with higher cell density (100%), compression modulus (16%), and hardness (3%). Based on all the results obtained, the best NR foam was obtained with 7 phr of foaming agent and produced at 150°C for 35 min leading to superior morphological and mechanical performance: the smallest cell size (25 µm) and the most uniform cell size distribution ( Đ = 1.03) generating the highest compression modulus (3.36 MPa). Finally, the experimental compression results were combined to build a nonlinear regression model to optimize the formulation and processing conditions leading to 6.5 phr of OBSH molded at 150°C for 36 min. The model showed good agreement with a validation test with less than 2% deviation observed for both compression modulus and strength.
Plasma hyperosmolality during cardiopulmonary bypass is a risk factor for postoperative acute kidney injury: Results from double blind randomised controlled trial
Authors: Svenmarker Staffan , Claesson Lingehall Helena , Malmqvist Gunnar , Appelblad Micael
Published: March 2024

Introduction

The study objective was to investigate whether a Ringer’s acetate based priming solution with addition of Mannitol and sodium concentrate increases the risk of cardiac surgery associated kidney injury (CSA-AKI).

Methods

This is a double blind, prospective randomized controlled trial from a single tertiary teaching hospital in Sweden including patients aged ≥65 years ( n = 195) admitted for routine cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass. Patients in the study group received Ringer’s acetate 1000 mL + 400 mL Mannitol (60 g) + sodium chloride 40 mL (160 mmol) and heparin 2 mL (10 000 IU) 966 mOsmol ( n = 98), while patients in the control group received Ringer’s acetate 1400 mL + heparin 2 mL (10 000 IU), 388 mOsmol ( n = 97) as pump prime. Acute kidney injury was analysed based on the Kidney Disease Improving Outcomes (KDIGO 1-3) definition.

Results

The overall incidence of CSA-AKI (KDIGO stage 1) was 2.6% on day 1 in the ICU and 5.6% on day 3, postoperatively. The serum creatinine level did not show any postoperative intergroup differences, when compared to baseline preoperative values. Six patients in the Ringer and five patients in the Mannitol group developed CSA-AKI (KDIGO 1-3), all with glomerular filtration rates <60 mL/min/1.73 m2. These patients showed significantly higher plasma osmolality levels compared to preoperative values. Hyperosmolality together with patient age and the duration of the surgery were independent risk factors for postoperative acute kidney injury (KDIGO 1-3).

Conclusions

The use of a hyperosmolar prime solution did not increase the incidence of postoperative CSA-AKI in this study, while high plasma osmolality alone increased the associated risk by 30%. The data suggests further examination of plasma hyperosmolality as a relative risk factor of CSA-AKI.
Alterations of the blood-brain barrier during aging
Authors: Cao Yufan , Xu Weihai , Liu Qing
Published: March 2024

The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is a complex and dynamic interface that regulates the exchange of molecules and cells between the blood and the central nervous system. It undergoes structural and functional changes during aging, which may compromise its integrity and contribute to the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases. In recent years, advances in microscopy and high-throughput bioinformatics have allowed a more in-depth investigation of the aging mechanisms of BBB. This review summarizes age-related alterations of the BBB structure and function from six perspectives: endothelial cells, astrocytes, pericytes, basement membrane, microglia and perivascular macrophages, and fibroblasts, ranging from the molecular level to the human multi-system level. These basic components are essential for the proper functioning of the BBB. Recent imaging methods of BBB were also reviewed. Elucidation of age-associated BBB changes may offer insights into BBB homeostasis and may provide effective therapeutic strategies to protect it during aging.
Evaluation of Rheological and Failure-Based Recycling Agent Optimization Methods
Authors: Haghshenas Hamzeh F. , Andriescu Adrian , Dongre Raj , Veginati Varun , Mensching David , Youtcheff Jack
Published: March 2024

This study examined rheological and failure-based approaches for the optimization of two bio-based and two petroleum-based recycling agents (RAs). The results showed that optimizing the RAs based on the performance grade (PG) approach did not fully achieve the rheological and failure characteristics of the target asphalt binder. This was observed for both a bio-based and a petroleum-based RA. The asphalt binder quality test (ABQT) and Glover–Rowe (G-R) approaches showed potential as surrogate methods for estimating the optimum dosage of RAs, whereas the double-edge notched tension (DENT) approach provided a more cost-effective dosage. This needs to be further evaluated through future mixture-level testing and in situ experiments. The selected dosage of each RA, based on the high-end PG, was then applied to a mixture containing 40% reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP) to achieve the target performance, which was a mixture with 20% RAP. The mixture characteristics were evaluated using the Hamburg wheel tracking test (HWTT) for rutting and moisture damage characterization and the indirect tensile asphalt cracking test (IDEAL-CT) for cracking characterization. The results showed that the addition of RAs improved the cracking resistance of the 40% RAP mixtures without significantly affecting their rutting resistance. The RAs used in this study did not negatively affect the moisture damage resistance of the mixtures. After long-term aging conditions, all mixtures exhibited diminished cracking resistance. The comparison between the aging protocols highlights varied performance among these mixtures, underscoring the necessity for further research in the selection of appropriate aging protocols. Overall, the results revealed that bio-oil-based RAs compare favorably with petroleum-based ones.
Real Entrance Capacity of a Single-Lane Roundabout Owing to Congestion on the Circular Lane
Authors: Brilon Werner , Wu Ning
Published: March 2024

In contrast to conventional methods, this study took a holistic approach to investigating roundabout capacity. Conventional methods aim to identify the capacities of each single entrance, without any consideration of mutual interactions between all the entrances and exits of the roundabout. This study investigated the interrelationships between traffic operations at the elements of a single-lane roundabout based on probabilistic considerations obtained from queueing theory. Here the spread of potential congestion on the circle plays a decisive role. As a starting point, the elements of the roundabout were defined as points of conflict. Equations for the capacity of these points were then derived. These equations were combined into an iterative procedure that took into account the potential congestion on the circle. As a result, based on a given origin–destination matrix of traffic volumes, the entry capacities of the roundabout were calculated. These were then applied to calculate estimates for delays and queue lengths in the conventional way. Application of the model for several examples—two of which are described in this paper—showed rather drastically that conventional evaluations of traffic performance at roundabouts may be misleading, with overestimated capacity and underestimated delays. This happens preferably in a range with volume/capacity values above 0.7 and under significant pedestrian traffic. The study underlines that the current assessment methods of analytical performance at roundabouts fall short.
Application of Satellite-Based Remote Sensing for the Management of Pavement Infrastructure Assets
Authors: Gajurel Amit , Puppala Anand J. , Biswas Nripojyoti , Chimauriya Hiramani Raj
Published: March 2024

The long-term monitoring of transportation infrastructure assets at a lower cost and with short mobilization time is of significant interest to both state and federal transportation agencies in the U.S. Because of the significant improvement in spatial and temporal resolution of synthetic aperture radar (SAR) remote sensing systems and a notable reduction in the cost of data acquisition, SAR has now become a viable method to provide economic and rapid condition assessment of transportation assets. A research study was developed and performed to comprehensively perform the inspection and characterization of a pavement surface based on the amplitude of backscattering of an X-band radar. In situ characterization of the test site was first performed using traditional inertial profilers and aerial photogrammetry with unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) surveys. The results from these in situ methods were compared with the corrected amplitude of the SAR data, which indicated that the distribution of surface roughness values computed from the inertial profiler, UAV, and SAR exhibited similar probability densities at various segmental lengths considered in this study. This suggested that the problematic areas that are evident during in situ characterization can be delineated and quantified based on the normalized radar cross section of the pavement surface. Overall, the outcome of this research exhibits the potential of SAR for future transportation asset management undertakings, and the systematic framework developed as a part of this research could be of significant interest to engineers and transportation practitioners.
Concrete Pavement Design Analysis Using AASHTOWare Pavement Mechanistic-Empirical Design Software
Authors: Wu Xingdong , Motaharitabari Seyedarmin , Hossain Mustaque , Kulesza Stacey Elizabeth , Velasquez Nat
Published: March 2024

Local calibration of pavement performance models embedded in the AASHTOWare Pavement Mechanistic-Empirical Design (PMED) software may be needed to implement this design methodology. A recent survey showed that, despite local calibration, several state highway agencies in the U.S. are using the American Association of State Highway Transportation Officials (AASHTO) Guide for Design of Pavement Structures (1993 version) and the PMED software for comparative design of jointed plain concrete pavement (JPCP). This paper describes the recalibration process of the JPCP distress models in the PMED software and comparative designs obtained by the PMED software and 1993 AASHTO design guide. The results show that the calibration/recalibration process depends on the availability of measured performance data. Not all global coefficients must be changed in the calibration/recalibration process. The 1993 AASHTO design guide yielded higher JPCP slab thickness for projects with high truck traffic than the PMED software when no friction is assumed between the slab and a cementitious base. An assumption of full friction will have a discernible effect on the slab thickness obtained from PMED.
Impact of Clay Contamination on Rutting Performance of Asphalt Mixtures
Authors: Afsha Sharmila , Vaid Suhail R. , Montoya Miguel A. , Abdallah Imad , Nazarian Soheil
Published: March 2024

Natural sands improve the sustainability of asphalt mixtures by enhancing workability and lowering the required asphalt binder and manufactured fine aggregates. One of the primary concerns with incorporating natural sands in a mixture is the potential for clay contamination. Harmful active clays swell when in contact with moisture and diminish the bonding between the aggregate and asphalt binder. This paper investigates the impact of clay contamination on the performance of asphalt mixtures with respect to rutting and moisture susceptibility. Twenty-one combinations of passing no. 200 sieve (minus 0.075 mm) material with various contamination levels were prepared using inactive (i.e., calcium carbonate and dolomite) and active (i.e., bentonite and natural) clays. The methylene blue value (MBV) was used to classify the level of chemical activity of those combinations. Each of the 21 permutations was added to a reference Superpave mixture to produce asphalt mixture specimens. The rutting and moisture susceptibility of each mix were then evaluated by subjecting them to Hamburg wheel tracking tests. X-ray diffraction (XRD) was also used to characterize the mineral composition of the inactive and active clay materials used for this study. The experimental results showed that mixtures having a MBV above 6 mg/g are most likely to suffer rutting and moisture damage. Moreover, XRD testing corroborated that the active clays used in this study contained detrimental minerals to asphalt mixture performance, such as sulfuric acid, quartz low, and microline.
The Birth and Development of the Lactation Consultant Profession (1980–2007): An Interview With Chele Marmet (Part II)
Authors: Marmet Chele , Dodgson Joan E.
Published: March 2024

The remarkable world-changing growth of International Board Certified Lactation Consultants (globally over 35,000 IBCLCs in 2023), as the internationally recognized lactation professional since Chele Marmet conceptualized the field in 1977, demonstrates its importance for society and breastfeeding dyads. The early 1980s was a seminal time in the development of lactation care as a allied health field with specialized knowledge, study, and certification. Chele Marmet played a significant role as an innovator and activist during all these major changes. In this interview, she details these historic events, which she is elaborating further in her upcoming memoir.

Although the terms LC and lactation professional have commonly been used to refer to those working clinically with breastfeeding families, in this article both terms refer only to the International Board Certified Lactation Consultant (IBCLC). JHL has a policy not to use the term LC (Dodgson, 2016, 2020); our rationale is that this term is currently too vague and is often misused by those with less education and experience than IBCLCs. However, we have used LC in this article at times when referring to lactation professionals prior to the development of the international board examination. This article is the second part of the interview; Part I was published in the previous JHL issue (February 2014). This interview has been transcribed with minor editing for ease of reading. (CM = Chele Marmet, JD = Joan Dodgson)
Impact of renewable energy expansion policies on the economy, income distribution, and air pollution reduction
Authors: Oh Inha , Kim Kihwan
Published: March 2024

This study employs a recursive dynamic computable general equilibrium model to evaluate the consequences of renewable energy (RE) expansion policies in South Korea, focusing on their impact on the economy, income distribution, and air pollution reduction. It assumes a scenario in which RE generation constitutes 20% of the total electricity generation by 2030. Various scenarios are explored, including those with and without emission regulations and those considering increased productivity of RE technology. Key findings suggest that expanding RE policies stimulates labor demand and revitalizes upstream industries. However, its effectiveness depends on increasing the efficiency of RE technologies. Carbon regulation, such as emissions trading schemes, reduces greenhouse gases and air pollutants, with environmental benefits outweighing GDP reductions. It decreases income inequality, whereas policies to promote RE exacerbate it, requiring corrective measures. Nevertheless, productivity improvements in the RE sector enhance income distribution.
Fault-tolerant control of the main drive system of rolling mill based on fault reconfiguration
Authors: Zhang Ruicheng , Li Pengfei , Liang Weizheng
Published: March 2024

A mathematical model of the main drive system of rolling mill is developed for the motor armature faults in the main drive system of rolling mill, taking into account the effects of nonlinear damping, friction damping between rolls and external perturbations on the system during operation. The unknown input observer is designed to process perturbations and errors as unknown inputs, and the [Formula: see text] performance index is designed to improve the robustness of the unknown input observer to fault reconfiguration. At the same time, in order to ensure the stability of the main drive system of rolling mill after the occurrence of faults, an active fault-tolerant controller is designed for the main drive system of rolling mill after obtaining the accurate fault reconfiguration value, which realizes the active fault-tolerant control of the main drive system of rolling mill. Through the simulation study on the main drive system of 2030 mm cold rolling mill stand F4, it is shown that the system is restored to the normal state after adding the fault-tolerant controller, and the motor angular speed error and roll angular speed error are 2.12% and 2.43%, respectively. Comparing with the fault-tolerant control method based on fault estimation, the root-mean-square errors of the motor angular speed and roll angular speed estimates of the designed fault-tolerant control method are reduced by 4.24% and 3.28%, respectively. Simulation verifies the effectiveness of the proposed method.
A picture is worth a thousand words: Developing the general curriculum map of Library and Information Science to get integrated learning
Authors: Zeynali-Tazehkandi Mahdi , Nowkarizi Mohsen , Budd John M
Published: March 2024

Developing the curriculum is the heart of all educational institutions. The aim of study is to reveal and visualize the elements and sub-elements of the curriculum with emphasizing on Library and Information Science one to assist the curriculum developer for integrated curriculum development. This will improve the teaching of beginning lectures as well as to help the students to gain a comprehensive view of the major. However, developing the curriculum will be done successfully when all its aspects are considered. In this respect, this is a theory adoption conceptual article that the related search terms put down in the five key databases to find relevant literature for developing a general curriculum map for the major. Literature review indicated that the four levels of system, school, class and individual can be considered for the curriculum. Curriculum includes objectives, content, activities, teachers, resources, group, location, time and assessment, all of which are determined by the philosophy of the curriculum designer. Integrated learning will be achieved when the curriculum philosophy of a discipline is determined and all the mentioned aspects are taken into account in developing the curriculum.
A latent class linear mixed model for monotonic continuous processes measured with error
Authors: Espin-Garcia Osvaldo , Naranjo Lizbeth , Fuentes-García Ruth
Published: March 2024

Motivated by measurement errors in radiographic diagnosis of osteoarthritis, we propose a Bayesian approach to identify latent classes in a model with continuous response subject to a monotonic, that is, non-decreasing or non-increasing, process with measurement error. A latent class linear mixed model has been introduced to consider measurement error while the monotonic process is accounted for via truncated normal distributions. The main purpose is to classify the response trajectories through the latent classes to better describe the disease progression within homogeneous subpopulations.
Constructing Adolescent Sexuality Through Schooling: Analysis on Gender Socialisation in All-girls Schools at the Secondary Level in Kerala
Authors: Narendran Sathya
Published: March 2024

This article seeks to understand the processes of gender socialisation in schools. The article endeavours to analyse the construction of normative femininity in the strict contours of schooling and to capture the response of students to it. The context of this article is the critique of the celebrated Kerala development model, suggesting that a better status for women continues to be a challenging process. The research was carried out on adolescents in two all-girls schools in Kerala, a convent private school and a government school. Qualitative research methods were used for the study. The research foregrounds how schooling continues to perpetuate the social control of girls that undercuts the efforts and aims of the curriculum. The article presents key aspects of the socialisation of female sexuality that spawns a stereotypical and rigid femininity.
The Adequacy of Health System Measures in Reducing Vulnerability to COVID-19 Among the Health Care Providers Working in Primary Health Care in Rajasthan, India: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Das Arup Kumar , Srivastava Ambey Kumar , Ghosh Saswata , Bhargava Ruchi , Gupta Rajan , Singh Rajesh Ranjan
Published: March 2024

This article examines the role of individual, facility and system-level preparedness in reducing physiological and psychological vulnerability among primary-level health care providers (HCPs) during the COVID-19 pandemic in Rajasthan, India. Online and telephonic interviews are conducted among 274 HCPs working in 24 primary health centres (PHCs) (17 rural and 7 urban) across 13 districts of Rajasthan. Five dimensions of vulnerability, covering awareness, exposure to infection (daily contact; contact with high-risk individuals), physical and mental health conditions, while three aspects of preparedness—at individual (personal care) and facility (provider safety; management and supervision) level—are measured by employing factor analysis. Generalised ordered logit regression model is used to measure the effect of preparedness on COVID-19-related vulnerability. Among the 274 HCPs, majority of the staff are from rural PHCs (76%), less than 35 years old (87%), female (57%) and married (57%). Almost half have high level of exposure to COVID-19, with mean contact rate of 90. Overall, 26% have comprehensive knowledge of COVID-19, and 32% have any mental health issues. Although more than 70% of HCPs have reported more than one individual-level preparedness, mental health measures adopted by the HCPs are comparably low. The facility-level preparedness for enhancing safety is high such as social distancing (79%) and maintaining record of each visitor (75%). However, management-related measures adopted by the PHCs are perceived to be lower than the safety measures. The regression analyses suggest that safety-related preparedness is significantly associated with reduction of vulnerability by 50%. The management-level preparedness has statistically no significant effect in explaining the variations in level of vulnerability. The facility-level safety measures, which lower chances of acquiring infection, have a positive effect on reducing vulnerability to COVID-19. However, the HCPs do not have adequate preparedness at individual, facility management (PHC) and system levels to reduce COVID-19 vulnerability. Findings suggest that there is a need for a non-conventional approach of monitoring and supervision. In the absence of such measures, there is a chance of moral injury that will make the HCPs at the primary level vulnerable both physiologically and psychologically.
The Social Pillar of ESG: Exploring the Link Between Social Sustainability and Stock Price Synchronicity
Authors: Potharla Srikanth , Turubilli Surya Kumari , Shekar Mylavaram Chandra
Published: March 2024

This study examined the association between the social sustainability aspects of environmental, social and governance (ESG) initiatives and stock price synchronicity in 146 publicly listed companies in India from 2011 to 2021. Social sustainability is gauged using indicators such as community engagement, adherence to human rights, customer loyalty, consumer health and safety protection, and employee welfare. Panel data regression with industry-year fixed effects reveals a positive association between social sustainability and stock price synchronicity. This finding suggests that the stocks of companies with strong social issue management are more aligned with market movements. The findings indicate that investors value ethical management, commitment to human rights and employee satisfaction. The insights provided by this study are vital for investors’ fund allocation decisions, highlighting the importance of workforce and supply chain diversity, fair workplace practices, human rights compliance and product integrity in informed investment decision-making. Overall, the research confirms the economic benefits that social sustainability bestows on companies and their investors.
Does Greater Visibility Benefit Minority Businesses? Evidence from an Online Review Platform
Authors: Son Yoonseock , Wowak Kaitlin D , Angst Corey M
Published: March 2024

In the wake of the Black Lives Matter protests, numerous companies took action to advance racial equality. Several online platforms added a feature that identified “minority-owned” businesses to help users locate and, thus, support them. In this study, we investigate how reviews and ratings of restaurants in New York City change after being identified as Black-owned on an online platform. We find that the number of reviews increases, but the average rating decreases after restaurants are identified as Black-owned. We investigate how various contextual factors, such as the number of hate crimes where the restaurant is located and restaurant popularity, as well as reviewer characteristics, such as reviewer race and gender, impact this relationship. We also examine mechanisms that could be contributing to our findings. Collectively, and in contrast to the positive findings in other studies, our results reveal a possible unintended consequence of identity disclosure for minority-owned businesses. Findings from our study offer important implications for society, business owners, and online platforms.
Workplace Corporate Social Irresponsibility in Supply Chain Operations: Generation and Gender Impacts on New Talent Recruitment
Authors: Darby Jessica L , Thornton LaDonna M , Davis-Sramek Beth
Published: March 2024

Amidst stakeholder demands for transparency and the recent pandemic, the inner workings of supply chains have become more visible. This visibility has shone a spotlight on workplace corporate social irresponsibility (CSI)—actions within a company's internal supply chain operations perceived to harm the well-being of its employees. At the same time, companies scrambling to recruit new talent for operations and supply chain management (OM/SCM) face dual challenges in the shortage of diverse talent and the emergence of new generations in the workforce. Research indicates that younger generations and women more broadly expect social responsibility from their employers, but it is unclear how they perceive social irresponsibility when evaluating job offers. To begin to address this gap, we draw on attribution theory and develop hypotheses that examine prospective employees’ responses to workplace CSI in supply chain operations and whether their responses vary with gender and pay. Results from a conjoint task and mixed effects models reveal that both young men and young women respond negatively to job offers from firms with pervasive workplace CSI across their supply chain operations and atypical levels of workplace CSI relative to other firms. Although we do not find gender differences in general, supplementary analyses offer more nuanced insights (e.g., young men respond less favorably than young women when workplace CSI is pervasive, whereas young women respond more favorably than young men to above-average pay). Overall, our study advances understanding of the spillover effects of workplace CSI on new talent recruitment and highlights that the new generation's preferences run deeper than traditional gender-based expectations. In doing so, we offer timely guidance for executives and human resource managers as companies struggle to recruit diverse new OM/SCM talent.
The Role of Self-Efficacy in Coping With the Psychological Challenges of Job Loss: Application of the Social Cognitive Career Self-Management Model
Authors: Wang Ruogu J. , Lent Robert W.
Published: March 2024

There is substantial evidence that involuntary job loss can have major implications for workers’ well-being. Yet research on coping with unemployment has most often focused on the job search process and progress toward re-employment, with less emphasis on the process of coping with the myriad psychological challenges of job loss. This study adapted the social cognitive model of career self-management as a framework for understanding well-being and psychological distress during unemployment. Participants were 602 unemployed workers who completed social cognitive measures representing two coping sub-domains, job searching and psychological coping. Within each sub-domain, measures included coping behaviors, self-efficacy, and support. Measures of proactive personality, financial strain, and two psychological functioning criteria (emotional well-being and distress) were also completed. The findings provided initial psychometric support for a novel measure of psychological coping self-efficacy and suggested the utility of the psychological coping variables as predictors of well-being and distress above and beyond job search coping in the context of unemployment. The study’s implications for practice and future research on coping with unemployment are discussed.
Working the Edge: The Emotional Experiences of Commissioning and Funding Arrangements for Service Leaders in the Sexual Violence Voluntary Sector
Authors: Gunby Clare , Isham Louise , Smailes Harriet , Bradbury-Jones Caroline , Damery Sarah , Harlock Jenny , Maxted Fay , Smith Deb , Taylor Julie
Published: March 2024

The specialist voluntary sector plays a crucial role in supporting survivors of sexual violence. However, in England, short-term funding underpins the sector's financial stability. This article examines sector leaders’ ways of coping, resisting and being affected by funding practices. Using the concept of edgework, we show how funding and commissioning dynamics push individuals to the edge of service sustainability, job satisfaction, and emotional well-being. We examine how these edges are “worked,” for example, by circumventing and remolding the edge. We offer an original way to theorize participants, make visible the emotional toll of service precarity and offer suggestions for support.
Dosing of 7 + 3 induction chemotherapy in a patient with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and morbid obesity
Authors: Franco Stephanie , Khan Talha , Dinner Shira , Karmali Reem , Melody Megan
Published: March 2024

Introduction

Traditional chemotherapy dosing is based on body surface area (BSA) using standard formulas, which can pose challenges in dosing patients at body weight extremes. Studies suggest that chemotherapy dosing according to actual body weight does not increase toxicity in obese patients and current guidelines recommend full weight-based dosing of chemotherapy regardless of body mass index (BMI). However, the dosing of anthracyclines in obese patients can be challenging given limitations in maximum cumulative dosage, particularly in those at very extreme BMI. In this case, we highlight the difficulties of dosing anthracycline-based induction chemotherapy in a patient with newly diagnosed acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and BMI >90 kg/m2.

Case report

A 40-year-old female with morbid obesity is diagnosed with AML (nucleophosmin 1 (NPMI) and isocitrate dehydrogenase-2 mutated, FMS-like tyrosine kinase 3-Internal tandem duplication negative).

Management and Outcome

The patient was initiated on induction therapy with 7 + 3 with dose capping of BSA at 2.75 m2 (cytarabine 200 mg/m2 continuous infusion over 24 h for 7 days, plus daunorubicin 60 mg/m2 slow intravenous push for 3 days), followed by two cycles of high-dose cytarabine consolidation therapy using actual BSA. The patient achieved morphologic complete remission; however, measurable residual disease testing for NPM1 remained positive after induction therapy.

Discussion

This case suggests that dose capping of anthracyclines in the treatment of newly diagnosed AML may be an effective and safe treatment alternative in those with extreme BMI elevations beyond what has been studied in the literature. Given the increasing incidence of morbid obesity, further studies are needed to confirm appropriate dosing of anthracycline-based regimens at upper BMI extremes (>60 kg/m2).
Technological properties, shelf life and consumers’ acceptance of high-fibre cookies prepared with juice processing by-products
Authors: Belović Miona , Torbica Aleksandra , Vujasinović Vesna , Radivojević Goran , Perović Lidija , Bokić Jelena
Published: March 2024

High dietary fibre cookies were manufactured from non-wheat (triticale, spelt and rye) flours with apple, beetroot and pumpkin pomace powders added as natural colourants. Cookies were characterized by nutritional composition, colour, texture and sensory profile and subjected to a 2-month shelf-life study. Additionally, an acceptability study was done to determine consumers’ acceptance of cookies. Cookies prepared from rye flour and pumpkin pomace, as well as cookies prepared from spelt flour and beetroot pomace, can be labelled as ‘high fibre’ (dietary fibre content of 8.90% and 7.09%, respectively), while cookies prepared from triticale flour and apple pomace can be labelled as a ‘source of fibre’ (dietary fibre content of 4.50%). No obvious trend in the colour of cookies was observed after storage at room temperature and 40 °C, indicating the stability of natural colourants. Hardness decrease was observed in all samples after storage; however, the acceptability study showed that consumers prefer softer cookies. Sensory analysis showed that there were no signs of rancidity in samples after storage. Although triticale flour and apple pomace sample received the highest liking scores for appearance, odour and taste, all samples had liking ratings higher than 4 (indifferent) and can be further modified to satisfy consumers’ demands.
Time, the state system and the double chronopolitics of managing ‘migrants’: implications of the Windrush scandal
Authors: Zehfuss Maja
Published: March 2024

This article examines the double chronopolitics of managing migrants through tracing how the spatialised state system positions migrants as ‘out of place’. Taking its cue from the 2018 Windrush scandal in the United Kingdom, which revealed that the state had declared long-term legal residents illegal, the article interrogates the moral order engendered by the imaginary of the state system. It shows how thinking time unsettles hierarchies that the apparently timeless imaginary legitimises. First, the article briefly explores literatures that highlight the significance of time in making the state system and migration. Second, it examines migrantisation and racialisation in the Windrush scandal by tracing how time is imagined as shared. Third, it investigates how ‘migrants’ are governed through time and a logic of linear progression. Finally, it shows how ‘migrants’, who appear to introduce temporal tensions into the community’s shared time, are exposed to a double chronopolitics: being imagined as both in the past and of the future. Managing ‘migrants’ in response involves attempts to (impossibly) govern the future. The article argues that this double chronopolitics faces its own impossibility in the subject position of the more-than migrant, which – by exceeding the system – offers an opportunity to think beyond migration as crisis.
The purpose of primary physical education: The views of teacher educators
Authors: Jess Mike , Parker Melissa , Carse Nicola , Douglass Andrew , Keay Jeanne , Martinez Alvarez Lucio , Murray Alison , Pearson Julie , Randall Vicky , Sweeney Tony
Published: March 2024

This paper reports on the first phase of a longitudinal project investigating the perceived purposes that different stakeholders have for primary physical education (PE). In the study, the views of 19 teacher educators from seven countries across Europe were sought. While teacher educators may have some influence across the layers of an education system, little is known about this stakeholder group and their views about primary PE. Analysis of focus group conversations depicts that, while the teacher educators come from a wide range of contexts, their views on the purposes of primary PE were more similar than different. With primary PE in danger of disconnecting into different schools of thought, this finding is important because it suggests that more coherent and connected approaches have the potential to be developed. In line with most government policies from the seven countries, similarities focused on both an educational and outward-looking view of primary PE. Significantly, while the teacher educators recognised the key role of physical learning in primary PE, they also highlighted how children's social, emotional, and cognitive learning form part of an integrated view of primary PE. Teacher educators recognised the importance of primary PE expanding beyond the hall/gymnasium and into classroom, school, and community settings. However, some concerns were voiced about the influence of outsourcing and sport agendas that currently dominate. The views of these teacher educators offer a useful starting point for further investigation, particularly as they present the purposes of primary PE from both an integrated and educational perspective.
The triality of roles for the trilingual researcher: Processes from a community-engaged qualitative cross-language health study
Authors: Hawkins Maren , Johnson Derek , Winters Noelani , Peschio Joseph , Familiant Nina , Ogurtsova Olga , Graf Maria Del Carmen , Perez Torres Shary , Santacruz Salas Esmeralda , Mkandawire-Valhmu Lucy , Kako Peninnah , Florsheim Paul , Cho Young , Weinhardt Lance
Published: March 2024

There are numerous ethical and procedural challenges when conducting cross-language research, and there is a need to discuss the role of multilingual researchers, as much of the existing literature focuses on working with third-party interpreters or translators. In this article, we expand the recommendations for cross-language research for multilingual researchers and health studies, through an examination of literature and processes from a Community-Engaged Qualitative Photovoice project. We present adapted cross-language research methods for future cross-language research studies. These adapted methods include seven considerations: (i) What and why? Considerations for Study Design, (ii) When do we translate, and how many times? Question development, pilot testing, transcription, and translation, (iii) Who? The role of the translator/interpreter during the research process, (iv) Who again? Translator/interpreter credentials, (v) What are you really saying? Dynamic equivalence, (vi) Do your ears deceive you? Reflexive reflective reflexivity, and (vii) Triality, not just Duality, of the role of the Researcher.
A history of home mechanical ventilation: The past, present and future
Authors: D’Cruz Rebecca F , Hart Nicholas
Published: March 2024

This state-of-the-art review provides an overview of the history of home mechanical ventilation (HMV), including early descriptions of mechanical ventilation from ancient and Renaissance perspectives and the mass development of ventilators designed for long-term use during the poliomyelitis epidemic. Seminal data from key clinical trials supports the application of HMV in certain patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, neuromuscular disease and obesity-related respiratory failure. Innovative engineering coupled with refined physiological understanding now permits widespread delivery of home mechanical ventilation to a global population, using portable devices with advanced ventilatory modes and telemonitoring capabilities. Exponential growth in digital technology continues, and ongoing research is needed to understand how to harness clinical and physiological data to benefit patients and healthcare services in a clinically- and cost-effective manner.