bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
HARK! Hands up who really loves their classroom reading program? TRI this: three approaches to reading instruction
Authors: Green Mel
Published: August 2022

There is unequivocal evidence that student engagement in reading for enjoyment has many wide-ranging and long-term benefits. Yet, obstacles are mounting in terms of complexities, constraints and contentions. In light of growing concerns around students’ reading attainment and the place of contemporary children’s literature, as well as the imminent release of theAustralian Curriculum: English Version 9.0, this article is well-timed to elucidate reading instruction. As educators prepare for the revised curriculum, it is important to examine reading demands, student entitlements and classroom practices. In this article, I consider and categorise curriculum content for coherence and cohesion. I outline different facets of reading instruction. I emphasise the vitalness of student engagement in reading for enjoyment (RfE) and the need for a dedicated RfE program. With reference to Dewey’s (1934) theory of aesthetic experience, Maxwell’s (1974) definitions of reading and Kalantzis’ et al. (2016)Learning by designmodel, I address complications and impediments. I situate RfE as one of three different but concurrent approaches to the teaching of reading. I position children’s literature at the heart of reading instruction. I aim to expand understanding around reading instruction with improved outcomes for students and teachers alike. In the spirit of promoting high-quality children’s literature, I employ playful palimpsests from prized picture bookHark. It’s me Ruby Lee!(Shanahan & Binny, 2017). I draw on literary devices from children’s literature to encourage its classroom usage. My hope is that this article not only advocates enjoyable reading experience, but also constitutes one.
Recycling waste nickel-laden biochar to pseudo-capacitive material by hydrothermal treatment: roles of nickel-carbon interaction
Authors: Li Deping , Ma Jing , Xu Huacheng , Xu Xiaoyun , Qiu Hao , Cao Xinde , Zhao Ling
Published: August 2022

Biochar as an absorbent is used to remove heavy metals from industrial wastewater, while the disposal of the residual has received little attention. This study attempted to convert the waste Ni-laden biochar into the pseudo-capacitive materials by hydrothermal treatment, investigated the optimal temperature (90–180 °C) and Ni content (100 and 500 mg g− 1), and explored the role of Ni-C interactions in the formation of the pseudo-capacitive materials. The highest pseudo-capacitance of 386.7 F g− 1 was obtained with the highest Ni content and the lowest temperature. The high temperature (180 °C) induced thicker lamellar crystal Ni(OH)2, while thinner flower-like Ni(OH)2 crystal was observed at 90 °C. Low temperature enabled the Ni(OH)2 crystals to disperse homogeneously on the carbon surface. The infrared spectroscopy showed that Ni promoted the disappearance of functional groups, indicating the catalytic effect of Ni on carbon structure, which also benefited their recrystallization and mutual encapsulation. Moreover, a combination of X-ray diffraction and thermogravimetry verified that Ni inserted into biochar graphite layer and enlarged the layer distance. This study provides a strategy for transforming hazardous nickel-laden biochar into the capacitive material and reveals that nickel can amplify the graphite layer and improve the stability of biochar-based pseudo-capacitive material during the hydrothermal treatment.

Graphical Abstract
Staying with the Culture Struggle: The African Union and Eliminating Violence Against Women
Authors: Tornius Karmen
Published: August 2022

An analysis of the African Union approach to eliminating violence against women shows that while the Protocol on the Rights of Women in Africa (the Maputo Protocol) refined the culture/violence nexus, the subsequent regional frameworks reverted to culture-centered explanations. Tornius’s critical analysis reveals how the relationship between culture and gender discourses has changed over time, entangled with processes of colonialism, decolonization, emergence of African socialisms, the end of the Cold War, and the advent of African feminisms. Articulating gendered violence through undefined ahistorical and apolitical notions of “culture” has real life adverse effects for women through ineffective policy and development interventions.
The Tax Models in Japan and Korea: Concepts and Evidence from a Comparative Perspective
Authors: Park Sung Ho
Published: August 2022

Existing studies have relied on the notion of developmentalism to explain key aspects of the tax policies in Japan and Korea. However, limited efforts have been made to explore these cases from a comparative perspective based on relevant evidence. Far fewer studies have been conducted for examining the contemporary evolution of the tax policies following major reforms since the 1990s. This article seeks to fill these gaps in the research. Employing an analytic framework of tax structure, it provides key definitions of the old and new tax models in Japan and Korea in a way that is comparable with other OECD cases. “Residualism” and “constrained activism,” two heuristic models drawn from low-tax OECD countries, provide useful references for this comparative task. To validate key assessments, the author utilizes and replicates extensive tax data that operationalize important aspects of the tax structure from the 1980s to 2018.
Strongly Jordan property and free actions of non-abelian free groups
Authors: Kim Jin Hong
Published: August 2022

Let $X$ be a connected complex manifold and let $Z$ be a compact complex subspace of $X$. Assume that ${\rm Aut}(Z)$ is strongly Jordan. In this paper, we show that the automorphism group ${\rm Aut}(X,\, Z)$ of all biholomorphisms of $X$ preserving $Z$ is strongly Jordan. A similar result has been proved by Meng et al. for a compact Kähler submanifold $Z$ of $X$ instead of a compact complex subspace $Z$ of $X$. In addition, we also show some rigidity result for free actions of large groups on complex manifolds.
Sedimentological and Geochemical Perspectives on a Marginal Lake Environment Recorded in the Hartmann's Valley and Karasburg Members of the Murray Formation, Gale Crater, Mars
Authors: Gwizd S. , Fedo C. , Grotzinger J. , Banham S. , Rivera‐Hernández F. , Stack K. M. , Siebach K. , Thorpe M. , Thompson L. , O’Connell‐Cooper C. , Stein N. , Edgar L. , Gupta S. , Rubin D. , Sumner D. , Vasavada A. R.
Published: August 2022

This study utilizes instruments from the Curiosity rover payload to develop an integrated paleoenvironmental and compositional reconstruction for the 65‐m thick interval of stratigraphy comprising the Hartmann's Valley and Karasburg members of the Murray formation, Gale crater, Mars. The stratigraphy consists of cross‐stratified sandstone (Facies 1), planar‐laminated sandstone (Facies 2), and planar‐laminated mudstone (Facies 3). Facies 1 is composed of sandstone showing truncated sets of concave‐curvilinear laminae stacked into cosets. Sets are estimated to be meter‐to sub‐meter‐scale, consistent with low‐height dunes. Thin stratigraphic intervals of Facies 1 and stacking patterns with Facies 2 and 3 support a wet aeolian dune interpretation. Meter‐thick packages of planar‐laminated sandstone (Facies 2) are interpreted to represent interfingering dune‐interdune strata. Facies 3 consists of meter‐thick packages of planar‐laminated mudstone interpreted to represent lacustrine deposition with persistent standing water. Integration of geochemistry with each facies reveals some compositional control based on the depositional process. Models for source rock composition from Alpha Particle X‐Ray Spectrometer measurements show that facies derived from a basaltic source. Alteration indices and geochemical trends provide evidence that moderate chemical weathering occurred before compositional changes due to diagenesis. Differences in wt% FeO(T) and TiO2 between facies are minimal, though trends point to sediment sorting in transport. Comparisons to terrestrial basaltic sedimentary systems indicate that the Hartmann's Valley and Karasburg facies reflect deposition in an environment where diverse subaqueous and subaerial facies persisted adjacent to a long‐lived body of water.
A Decentralized Approach for Modeling Organized Convection Based on Thermal Populations on Microgrids
Authors: Neggers R. A. J. , Griewank P. J.
Published: August 2022

In this study, a spectral model for convective transport is coupled to a thermal population model on a two‐dimensional horizontal “microgrid,” covering the typical gridbox size of general circulation models. The goal is to explore new ways of representing impacts of spatial organization in cumulus cloud fields. The thermals are considered the smallest building block of convection, with thermal life cycle and movement represented through binomial functions. Thermals interact through two simple rules, reflecting pulsating growth and environmental deformation. Long‐lived thermal clusters thus form on the microgrid, exhibiting scale growth and spacing that represent simple forms of spatial organization and memory. Size distributions of cluster number are diagnosed from the microgrid through an online clustering algorithm, and provided as input to a spectral multiplume eddy‐diffusivity mass flux scheme. This yields a decentralized transport system, in that the thermal clusters acting as independent but interacting nodes that carry information about spatial structure. The main objectives of this study are (a) to seek proof of concept of this approach, and (b) to gain insight into impacts of spatial organization on convective transport. Single‐column model experiments demonstrate satisfactory skill in reproducing two observed cases of continental shallow convection. Metrics expressing self‐organization and spatial organization match well with large‐eddy simulation results. We find that in this coupled system, spatial organization impacts convective transport primarily through the scale break in the size distribution of cluster number. The rooting of saturated plumes in the subcloud mixed layer plays a key role in this process.
Clonal diversification and histogenesis of malignant germ cell tumours
Authors: Oliver Thomas R. W. , Chappell Lia , Sanghvi Rashesh , Deighton Lauren , Ansari-Pour Naser , Dentro Stefan C. , Young Matthew D. , Coorens Tim H. H. , Jung Hyunchul , Butler Tim , Neville Matthew D. C. , Leongamornlert Daniel , Sanders Mathijs A. , Hooks Yvette , Cagan Alex , Mitchell Thomas J. , Cortes-Ciriano Isidro , Warren Anne Y. , Wedge David C. , Heer Rakesh , Coleman Nicholas , Murray Matthew J. , Campbell Peter J. , Rahbari Raheleh , Behjati Sam
Published: August 2022

Germ cell tumours (GCTs) are a collection of benign and malignant neoplasms derived from primordial germ cells. They are uniquely able to recapitulate embryonic and extraembryonic tissues, which carries prognostic and therapeutic significance. The developmental pathways underpinning GCT initiation and histogenesis are incompletely understood. Here, we study the relationship of histogenesis and clonal diversification in GCTs by analysing the genomes and transcriptomes of 547 microdissected histological units. We find no correlation between genomic and histological heterogeneity. However, we identify unifying features including the retention of fetal developmental transcripts across tissues, expression changes on chromosome 12p, and a conserved somatic evolutionary sequence of whole genome duplication followed by clonal diversification. While this pattern is preserved across all GCTs, the developmental timing of the duplication varies between prepubertal and postpubertal cases. In addition, tumours of younger children exhibit distinct substitution signatures which may lend themselves as potential biomarkers for risk stratification. Our findings portray the extensive diversification of GCT tissues and genetic subclones as randomly distributed, while identifying overarching transcriptional and genomic features.
SARS-CoV-2 and other respiratory pathogens are detected in continuous air samples from congregate settings
Authors: Ramuta Mitchell D. , Newman Christina M. , Brakefield Savannah F. , Stauss Miranda R. , Wiseman Roger W. , Kita-Yarbro Amanda , O’Connor Eli J. , Dahal Neeti , Lim Ailam , Poulsen Keith P. , Safdar Nasia , Marx John A. , Accola Molly A. , Rehrauer William M. , Zimmer Julia A. , Khubbar Manjeet , Beversdorf Lucas J. , Boehm Emma C. , Castañeda David , Rushford Clayton , Gregory Devon A. , Yao Joseph D. , Bhattacharyya Sanjib , Johnson Marc C. , Aliota Matthew T. , Friedrich Thomas C. , O’Connor David H. , O’Connor Shelby L.
Published: August 2022

Two years after the emergence of SARS-CoV-2, there is still a need for better ways to assess the risk of transmission in congregate spaces. We deployed active air samplers to monitor the presence of SARS-CoV-2 in real-world settings across communities in the Upper Midwestern states of Wisconsin and Minnesota. Over 29 weeks, we collected 527 air samples from 15 congregate settings. We detected 106 samples that were positive for SARS-CoV-2 viral RNA, demonstrating that SARS-CoV-2 can be detected in continuous air samples collected from a variety of real-world settings. We expanded the utility of air surveillance to test for 40 other respiratory pathogens. Surveillance data revealed differences in timing and location of SARS-CoV-2 and influenza A virus detection. In addition, we obtained SARS-CoV-2 genome sequences from air samples to identify variant lineages. Collectively, this shows air sampling is a scalable, high throughput surveillance tool that could be used in conjunction with other methods for detecting respiratory pathogens in congregate settings.
Dearomative di- and trifunctionalization of aryl sulfoxides via [5,5]-rearrangement
Authors: Hu Mengjie , Liu Yanping , Liang Yuchen , Dong Taotao , Kong Lichun , Bao Ming , Wang Zhi-Xiang , Peng Bo
Published: August 2022

Aromatic [5,5]-rearrangement can in principle be an ideal protocol to access dearomative compounds. However, the lack of competent [5,5]-rearrangement impedes the advance of the protocol. In this Article, we showcase the power of [5,5]-rearrangement recently developed in our laboratory for constructing an intriguing dearomative sulfonium specie which features versatile and unique reactivities to perform nucleophilic 1,2- and 1,4-addition and cyclization, thus achieving dearomative di- and trifunctionalization of easily accessible aryl sulfoxides. Impressively, the dearomatization products can be readily converted to sulfur-removed cyclohexenones, naphthalenones, bicyclic cyclohexadienones, and multi-substituted benzenes. Mechanistic studies shed light on the key intermediates and the remarkable chemo-, regio- and stereoselectivities of the reactions.
Megahertz pulse trains enable multi-hit serial femtosecond crystallography experiments at X-ray free electron lasers
Authors: Holmes Susannah , Kirkwood Henry J. , Bean Richard , Giewekemeyer Klaus , Martin Andrew V. , Hadian-Jazi Marjan , Wiedorn Max O. , Oberthür Dominik , Marman Hugh , Adriano Luigi , Al-Qudami Nasser , Bajt Saša , Barák Imrich , Bari Sadia , Bielecki Johan , Brockhauser Sandor , Coleman Mathew A. , Cruz-Mazo Francisco , Danilevski Cyril , Dörner Katerina , Gañán-Calvo Alfonso M. , Graceffa Rita , Fanghor Hans , Heymann Michael , Frank Matthias , Kaukher Alexander , Kim Yoonhee , Kobe Bostjan , Knoška Juraj , Laurus Torsten , Letrun Romain , Maia Luis , Messerschmidt Marc , Metz Markus , Michelat Thomas , Mills Grant , Molodtsov Serguei , Monteiro Diana C. F. , Morgan Andrew J. , Münnich Astrid , Peña Murillo Gisel E. , Previtali Gianpietro , Round Adam , Sato Tokushi , Schubert Robin , Schulz Joachim , Shelby Megan , Seuring Carolin , Sellberg Jonas A. , Sikorski Marcin , Silenzi Alessandro , Stern Stephan , Sztuk-Dambietz Jola , Szuba Janusz , Trebbin Martin , Vagovic Patrick , Ve Thomas , Weinhausen Britta , Wrona Krzysztof , Xavier Paul Lourdu , Xu Chen , Yefanov Oleksandr , Nugent Keith A. , Chapman Henry N. , Mancuso Adrian P. , Barty Anton , Abbey Brian , Darmanin Connie
Published: August 2022

The European X-ray Free Electron Laser (XFEL) and Linac Coherent Light Source (LCLS) II are extremely intense sources of X-rays capable of generating Serial Femtosecond Crystallography (SFX) data at megahertz (MHz) repetition rates. Previous work has shown that it is possible to use consecutive X-ray pulses to collect diffraction patterns from individual crystals. Here, we exploit the MHz pulse structure of the European XFEL to obtain two complete datasets from the same lysozyme crystal, first hit and the second hit, before it exits the beam. The two datasets, separated by <1 µs, yield up to 2.1 Å resolution structures. Comparisons between the two structures reveal no indications of radiation damage or significant changes within the active site, consistent with the calculated dose estimates. This demonstrates MHz SFX can be used as a tool for tracking sub-microsecond structural changes in individual single crystals, a technique we refer to as multi-hit SFX.
In-conduit capture of sub-micron volcanic ash particles via turbophoresis and sintering
Authors: Farquharson Jamie I. , Tuffen Hugh , Wadsworth Fabian B. , Castro Jonathan M. , Unwin Holly , Schipper C. Ian
Published: August 2022

Ash emission in explosive silicic eruptions can have widespread impacts for human health, agriculture, infrastructure, and aviation. Estimates of the total grainsize distribution (TGSD) generated during explosive magma fragmentation underpins eruption models and ash dispersal forecasts. Conventionally, the TGSD constrained via erupted deposits is assumed to match the TGSD produced at explosive fragmentation. Here we present observations from within the vent of a recent rhyolitic eruption (Cordón Caulle, Chile, 2011–2012), demonstrating that fine (<63 μm diameter) and ultra-fine (<2.5 μm diameter) ash particles are captured and sintered to fracture surfaces, and thus sequestered in the shallow subsurface, rather than emitted. We establish a conceptual model—uniquely contextualised through a combination of syn-eruptive observations and detailed post-eruption field investigation—in which turbophoresis (particle migration towards zones of lower turbulence) and rapid sintering create an inverse relationship between particle size and the probability of its subsurface capture. Such size-dependent capture efficiency preferentially removes submicron-diameter ash from the erupted componentry, decoupling the erupted size distribution from magmatic source conditions and potentially playing an important role in modulating eruption dynamics.
Cingulate cortex morphology impacts on neurofunctional activity and behavioral performance in interference tasks
Authors: Fedeli Davide , Del Maschio Nicola , Del Mauro Gianpaolo , Defendenti Federica , Sulpizio Simone , Abutalebi Jubin
Published: August 2022

Inhibitory control is the capacity to withhold or suppress a thought or action intentionally. The anterior Midcingulate Cortex (aMCC) participates in response inhibition, a proxy measure of inhibitory control. Recent research suggests that response inhibition is modulated by individual variability in the aMCC sulcal morphology. However, no study has investigated if this phenomenon is associated with neurofunctional differences during a task. In this study, 42 participants performed an Attention Network Task and a Numerical Stroop task in an MRI scanner. We investigated differences in brain activity and response inhibition efficiency between individuals with symmetric and asymmetric aMCC sulcal patterns. The results showed that aMCC morphological variability is partly associated with inhibitory control, and revealed greater activation in individuals with symmetric patterns during the Stroop task. Our findings provide novel insights into the functional correlates of the relationship between aMCC morphology and executive abilities.
Neural activity in afferent projections to the infralimbic cortex is associated with individual differences in the recall of fear extinction
Authors: Russo Amanda S. , Parsons Ryan G.
Published: August 2022

Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is characterized by an impaired ability to extinguish fear responses to trauma-associated cues. Studies in humans and non-human animals point to differences in the engagement of certain frontal cortical regions as key mediators determining whether or not fear extinction is successful, however the neural circuit interactions that dictate the differential involvement of these regions are not well understood. To better understand how individual differences in extinction recall are reflected in differences in neural circuit activity, we labeled projections to the infralimbic cortex (IL) in rats using a retrograde tracer and compared neural activity within, and outside, of IL-projecting neurons. We analyzed these data in groups separated on the basis of how well rats retained extinction memory. We found that within IL-projecting cells, neurons in the posterior paraventricular thalamus showed heightened activity in rats that showed good extinction recall. Outside of the IL-projecting cells, increased Fos activity was observed in good extinction rats in select regions of the claustrum and ventral hippocampus. Our results indicate that differences in extinction recall are associated with a specific pattern of neural activity both within and outside of projections to the IL.
Optimization of target biochar for the adsorption of target heavy metal ion
Authors: Zhou Runjuan , Zhang Ming , Shao Shuai
Published: August 2022

The purpose of this work is to study the pyrolysis conditions of target biochar suitable for target heavy metal ion, to characterize the optimized target biochar, and to study the adsorption performance of biochar. With Cu2+ and Zn2+ as the target pollutants, the pyrolysis conditions involved in the preparation process as pyrolysis temperature, pyrolysis time, and heating rate were evaluated and optimized from Box–Behnken Design (BBD), response surface methodology (RSM) and desirability function, the optimized pyrolysis conditions of target biochar for Cu2+ (Cu-BC) and Zn2+ (Zn-BC) were obtained. The optimum pyrolysis parameters for Cu-BC and Zn-BC were pyrolysis time of 3.09 and 2.19 h, pyrolysis temperature of 425.27 and 421.97 °C, and heating rate of 19.65 and 15.88 °C/min. The pseudo-second-order kinetic and Langmuir isotherm model proved to be the best fit for the equilibrium data, with a maximum adsorption capacity (Qmax) fitted by Langmuir model were 210.56 mg/g for Cu2+ by Cu-BC and 223.32 mg/g for Zn2+ by Zn-BC, which were both higher than the Qmax of unoptimized biochar (BC) for Cu2+ (177.66 mg/g) and Zn2+ (146.14 mg/g). The physical properties, chemical structure, surface chemistry properties of Cu-BC and Zn-BC were characterized by Zeta potential meter, Scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDX), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). This study puts forward a new perspective for optimizing target biochar production for special environmental application.
Transcriptomic response of Pseudomonas nicosulfuronedens LAM1902 to the sulfonylurea herbicide nicosulfuron
Authors: Li Miaomiao , Li Qingqing , Yao Jun , Sunahara Geoffrey , Duran Robert , Zhang Qinghua , Ruan Zhiyong
Published: August 2022

The overuse of the herbicide nicosulfuron has become a global environmental concern. As a potential bioremediation technology, the microbial degradation of nicosulfuron shows much promise; however, the mechanism by which microorganisms respond to nicosulfuron exposure requires further study. An isolated soil-borne bacteria Pseudomonas nicosulfuronedens LAM1902 displaying nicosulfuron, chlorimuron-ethyl, and cinosulfuron degradabilities in the presence of glucose, was used to determine the transcriptional responses to nicosulfuron exposure. RNA-Seq results indicated that 1102 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were up-regulated and 702 down-regulated under nicosulfuron stress. DEGs were significantly enriched in “ABC transporters”, “sulfur metabolism”, and “ribosome” pathways (p ≤ 0.05). Several pathways (glycolysis and pentose phosphate pathways, a two-component regulation system, as well as in bacterial chemotaxis metabolisms) were affected by nicosulfuron exposure. Surprisingly, nicosulfuron exposure showed positive effects on the production of oxalic acid that is synthesized by genes encoding glycolate oxidase through the glyoxylate cycle pathway. The results suggest that P. nicosulfuronedens LAM1902 adopt acid metabolites production strategies in response to nicosulfuron, with concomitant nicosulfuron degradation. Data indicates that glucose metabolism is required during the degradation and adaptation of strain LAM1902 to nicosulfuron stress. The present studies provide a glimpse at the molecular response of microorganisms to sulfonylurea pesticide toxicity and a potential framework for future mechanistic studies.
Genomic analysis of hypervirulent Klebsiella pneumoniae reveals potential genetic markers for differentiation from classical strains
Authors: Spadar Anton , Perdigão João , Campino Susana , Clark Taane G.
Published: August 2022

The majority of Klebsiella pneumoniae (Kp) infections are nosocomial, but a growing number of community-acquired infections are caused by hypervirulent strains (hvKp) characterised by liver invasion and rapid metastasis. Unlike nosocomial Kp infections, hvKp are generally susceptible to antibiotics. Due to the rapid progression of hvKp infections, timely and accurate diagnosis is required for effective treatment. To identify potential drivers of the hypervirulent phenotype, we performed a genome-wide association study (GWAS) analysis on single nucleotide variants and accessory genome loci across 79 publicly available Kp isolates collected from patients’ liver and a diverse global Kp dataset (n = 646). The GWAS analysis revealed 29 putative genes (P < 10–10) associated with higher risk of liver phenotype, including hypervirulence linked salmochelin iro (odds ratio (OR): 29.8) and aerobactin iuc (OR: 14.1) loci. A minority of liver isolates (n = 15, 19%) had neither of these siderophores nor any other shared biomarker, suggesting possible unknown drivers of hypervirulence and an intrinsic ability of Kp to invade the liver. Despite identifying potential novel loci linked to a liver invasive Kp phenotype, our work highlights the need for large-scale studies involving more sequence types to identify further hypervirulence biomarkers to assist clinical decision making.
Functional and ecomorphological evolution of orbit shape in mesozoic archosaurs is driven by body size and diet
Authors: Lautenschlager Stephan
Published: August 2022

The orbit is one of several skull openings in the archosauromorph skull. Intuitively, it could be assumed that orbit shape would closely approximate the shape and size of the eyeball resulting in a predominantly circular morphology. However, a quantification of orbit shape across Archosauromorpha using a geometric morphometric approach demonstrates a large morphological diversity despite the fact that the majority of species retained a circular orbit. This morphological diversity is nearly exclusively driven by large (skull length > 1000 mm) and carnivorous species in all studied archosauromorph groups, but particularly prominently in theropod dinosaurs. While circular orbit shapes are retained in most herbivores and smaller species, as well as in juveniles and early ontogenetic stages, large carnivores adopted elliptical and keyhole-shaped orbits. Biomechanical modelling using finite element analysis reveals that these morphologies are beneficial in mitigating and dissipating feeding-induced stresses without additional reinforcement of the bony structure of the skull.
Molecular epidemiology and antimicrobial resistance phenotype of paediatric bloodstream infections caused by Gram-negative bacteria
Authors: Lipworth Sam , Vihta Karina-Doris , Davies Tim , Wright Sarah , Tabirao Merline , Chau Kevin , Vaughan Alison , Kavanagh James , Barker Leanne , George Sophie , Segal Shelley , Paulus Stephane , Barrett Lucinda , Oakley Sarah , Jeffery Katie , Butcher Lisa , Peto Tim , Crook Derrick , Walker Sarah , Kadambari Seilesh , Stoesser Nicole
Published: August 2022

Background

Gram-negative organisms are common causes of bloodstream infection (BSI) during the neonatal period and early childhood. Whilst several large studies have characterised these isolates in adults, equivalent data (particularly incorporating whole genome sequencing) is lacking in the paediatric population.

Methods

We perform an epidemiological and sequencing based analysis of Gram-negative bloodstream infections (327 isolates (296 successfully sequenced) from 287 patients) in children <18 years old between 2008 and 2018 in Oxfordshire, UK.

Results

Here we show that the burden of infection lies predominantly in neonates and that most infections are caused by Escherichia coli, Klebsiella spp. and Enterobacter hormaechei. There is no evidence in our setting that the proportion of antimicrobial resistant isolates is increasing in the paediatric population although we identify some evidence of sub-breakpoint increases in gentamicin resistance. The population structure of E. coli BSI isolates in neonates and children mirrors that in adults with a predominance of STs 131/95/73/69 and the same proportions of O-antigen serotypes. In most cases in our setting there is no evidence of transmission/point-source acquisition and we demonstrate the utility of whole genome sequencing to refute a previously suspected outbreak.

Conclusions

Our findings support continued use of current empirical treatment guidelines and suggest that O-antigen targeted vaccines may have a role in reducing the incidence of neonatal sepsis.
Genomic surveillance of SARS-CoV-2 in Puerto Rico enabled early detection and tracking of variants
Authors: Santiago Gilberto A. , Flores Betzabel , González Glenda L. , Charriez Keyla N. , Huertas Limari Cora , Volkman Hannah R. , Van Belleghem Steven M. , Rivera-Amill Vanessa , Adams Laura E. , Marzán Melissa , Hernández Lorena , Cardona Iris , O’Neill Eduardo , Paz-Bailey Gabriela , Papa Riccardo , Muñoz-Jordan Jorge L.
Published: August 2022

Background

Puerto Rico has experienced the full impact of the COVID-19 pandemic. Since SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19, was first detected on the island in March of 2020, it spread rapidly though the island’s population and became a critical threat to public health.

Methods

We conducted a genomic surveillance study through a partnership with health agencies and academic institutions to understand the emergence and molecular epidemiology of the virus on the island. We sampled COVID-19 cases monthly over 19 months and sequenced a total of 753 SARS-CoV-2 genomes between March 2020 and September 2021 to reconstruct the local epidemic in a regional context using phylogenetic inference.

Results

Our analyses reveal that multiple importation events propelled the emergence and spread of the virus throughout the study period, including the introduction and spread of most SARS-CoV-2 variants detected world-wide. Lineage turnover cycles through various phases of the local epidemic were observed, where the predominant lineage was replaced by the next competing lineage or variant after ~4 months of circulation locally. We also identified the emergence of lineage B.1.588, an autochthonous lineage that predominated in Puerto Rico from September to December 2020 and subsequently spread to the United States.

Conclusions

The results of this collaborative approach highlight the importance of timely collection and analysis of SARS-CoV-2 genomic surveillance data to inform public health responses.
New insight into the evaluation of complex mixture biodegradability: an UHPLC-qToF “all-ion MS/MS” acquisition technique for the untargeted and targeted analysis of pharmaceutical formulation biodegradation
Authors: Mattoli Luisa , Proietti Giacomo , Quintiero Claudio Marzio , Fodaroni Giada , Burico Michela , Gianni Mattia , Giovagnoni Emiliano , Mercati Valentino , Santi Claudio
Published: August 2022

New technologies to improve the investigation of biodegradability and the environmental fate of pharmaceutical formulations.
A Δ-machine learning approach for force fields, illustrated by a CCSD(T) 4-body correction to the MB-pol water potential
Authors: Qu Chen , Yu Qi , Conte Riccardo , Houston Paul L. , Nandi Apurba , Bomwan Joel M.
Published: August 2022

In this paper we proposed a Δ-machine learning approach to correct general many-body force fields. We illustrate this approach by adding a 4-body correction to the MB-pol water potential to bring it to a higher level of accuracy.
Prdx6-induced inhibition of ferroptosis in epithelial cells contributes to liquiritin-exerted alleviation of colitis
Authors: Liu Jinming , Sun Liqun , Chen Dapeng , Huo Xiaokui , Tian Xiangge , Li Juan , Liu Min , Yu Zhenlong , Zhang Baojing , Yang Yuewen , Qiu Yang , Liu Yuejian , Guo Huishu , Zhou Changjiang , Ma Xiaochi , Xiong Yongjian
Published: August 2022

Inhibition of ferroptosis in intestinal epithelial cells ameliorates clinical symptoms and improves endoscopic presentations in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD).
Enhancing the electrical performance of InAs nanowire field-effect transistors by improving the surface and interface properties by coating with thermally oxidized Y2O3
Authors: Jiang Yifan , Shen Rui , Li Tong , Tian Jiamin , Li Shuo , Tan Hark Hoe , Jagadish Chennupati , Chen Qing
Published: August 2022

High-performance InAs nanowire transistors are realized by improving the surface and interfaces by coating with thermally oxidized Y2O3.
Towards novel tacrine analogues: Pd(dppf)Cl2·CH2Cl2catalyzed improved synthesis,in silicodocking and hepatotoxicity studies
Authors: Babu Aravinda , Joy Muthipeedika Nibin , Sunil K. , Sajith Ayyiliath Meleveetil , Santra Sougata , Zyryanov Grigory V. , Konovalova Olga A. , Butorin Ilya I. , Muniraju Keesaram
Published: August 2022

24 synthesized compounds by various cross-coupling reactions on 6-bromo tacrine. Molecular docking and toxicity prediction studies were also performed.
A metal–covalent organic framework catalyst with pincer coordination units for boosting transfer hydrogenation of quinolines with ammonia borane
Authors: Ai Wenying , Du Xiao , Yang Yu , Zheng Zelin , Zhai Lipeng , Ma Baiwei , Cui Siwen , Li Pengyu , Mi Liwei , Qu Lingbo
Published: August 2022

A metal–covalent organic framework (MCOF) catalyst with bipy pincer active sites.
Electrochemically induced catalytic adsorption sites in spent lithium-ion battery cathodes for high-rate vanadium redox flow batteries
Authors: Park Jeongmok , Jin Hongsoo , Kim Minseong , Jang Haeseong , Ko Minseong
Published: August 2022

Spent LIB cathode active materials (spent LCO/LMO/LFP), which have undergone many cycles and Li electrochemical tuning, show promising results as an electrocatalyst with a change in the electronic structure and an increase in oxygen vacancies.
Light-stimulated artificial synapses based on Si-doped GaN thin films
Authors: Mo Youhan , Luo Bingcheng , Dong Huijuan , Hou Boyu
Published: August 2022

A simple, two-terminated, light-stimulated synaptic device based on GaN thin films was reported, which enables multiple functionalities of biological synapses including the transition from short-term to long-term memory, and cognitive behavior.
A breathable and reliable thermoplastic polyurethane/Ag@K2Ti4O9composite film with an asymmetrical porous structure for wearable piezoresistive sensors
Authors: Chen Ziwei , Wang Mingxu , Zhang Chenyang , Wei Zhongrui , Wang Yuhang , Gao Chunxia , Zhu Jiadeng , Gao Jiefeng , Shen Ming , Gao Qiang
Published: August 2022

Hierarchical porous TPU/Ag@K2Ti4O9hybrid membranes with qualities of durable, breathable, easy to recycle, as well as the sensing properties were successfully prepared by a modified-NIPS method for wearable tactile sensors.
Fehler bei der Aufklärung kann zum Wegfall des
Vergütungsanspruchs führen
Authors: Häser Isabel
Published: August 2022

Im GKV-Recht dient die Aufklärung auch der Wahrung des
Wirtschaftlichkeitsgebots und kann daher Auswirkungen auf den
Vergütungsanspruch des Krankenhauses haben (Urteil vom 19.03.2020 –
B 1 KR 20/19 R).
Optimierung der extrakorporalen Photopherese
Authors: Hähnel Viola , Brosig Andreas Michael , Burkhardt Ralph , Ahrens Norbert , Offner Robert
Published: August 2022

Die Extrakorporale Photopherese ist ein etabliertes Therapieverfahren für
Patienten mit T-Zell vermittelten Erkrankungen. Dabei besteht das Verfahren aus
der Gewinnung autologer mononukleärer Zellen, deren Behandlung mit
8-Methoxypsoralen und UVA-Licht und die Retransfusion der behandelten
Zellen.

Die Wirkmechanismen der Photopherese sind zwar noch nicht vollständig
geklärt, ein zentraler Mechanismus stellt jedoch die Apoptose
mononukleärer Zellen dar. Das Ziel der Studie war eine Optimierung der
Photopherese im Hinblick auf die Behandlung der Zellen mit
8-Methoxypsoralen/UVA und der daraus induzierten verstärkten
Apoptose der Lymphozyten. Dabei sind einige Faktoren bekannt, welche die
Effektivität der 8-Methoxypsoralen/UVA-Behandlung der Zellen
beeinflussen können, wie z.B. der Hämatokrit oder die UVA-Dosis.
Unser Fokus lag auf der Verfügbarkeit der photoaktiven Substanz und dem
Einfluss der Zellsuspensionsmatrix auf die Apoptose der Lymphozyten.

Die Verfügbarkeit von 8-Methoxypsoralen für die Aufnahme in die
Zellen reduzierte sich durch Absorption an Kunststoffe der Bestrahlungssysteme
sowie durch Bindung an Proteine bei der Verwendung von autologem Plasma bei der
Suspendierung der Zellen. Eine Steigerung der Zugabe von 8-Methoxypsoralen auf
340 ng/mL anstelle von 200 ng/mL führte
zu einem Anstieg der T-Zell Apoptose, die sich unter Verwendung von
physiologischer Kochsalzlösung als Zellsuspensionsmatrix weiter
erhöhte. Eine Anpassung des Verfahrens mit NaCl anstelle von Plasma und
die Verwendung einer höheren 8-Methoxypsoralen Konzentration
führte zu einer gesteigerten Apoptoseinduktion der T-Zellen. Inwiefern
sich eine Erhöhung der Apoptose auf die klinische Wirksamkeit auswirkt,
bedarf hingegen noch weiterer klinischen Untersuchungen.
Application of the Force-velocity-power Concept to the 3-min all-out Running Test
Authors: Kramer Mark , Thomas Emma Jayne , Pretorius Christiaan
Published: August 2022

Force-velocity-power (FVP) profiling offers insights related to key factors that may enhance or hinder sprinting performances. Whether the same FVP principles could be applied to the sprinting portion of the 3-minute all-out test for running (3MT) has not been previously investigated. Twenty moderately trained participants volunteered for the study (age: 24.75 ± 3.58 yrs; height: 1.69±0.11 m; mass: 73.74±12.26 kg). After familiarization of all testing procedures, participants completed: (i) a 40-m all-out sprint test, and (ii) a 3MT. Theoretical maximal force and power, but not velocity, were significantly higher for the 40-m sprint test. Most FVP variables from the two tests were weakly to moderately correlated, with the exception of maximal velocity. Finally, maximal velocity and relative peak power were predictive of D’, explaining approximately 51% of the variance in D’. Although similar maximal velocities are attained during both the 40-m sprint and the 3MT, the underlying mechanisms are markedly different. The FVP parameters obtained from either test are likely not interchangeable but do provide valuable insights regarding the potential mechanisms by which D’ may be improved.
Place attachment in stigmatized settings: a study based on community experience in Costa Rica (Apego al lugar en contextos estigmatizados: un estudio desde la experiencia comunitaria en Costa Rica)
Authors: Jara-Sanabria Fiorella
Published: August 2022

Research into place attachment theory has traditionally focused on the positive values associated with territories, leaving to one side the analysis of phenomena where the construction of socio-physical bonds is marked by ambivalence, as in the case of territorial stigma. With a view to contributing further information to existing knowledge on this topic, the research presented here aims to explore the dimensions involved in place attachment in relation to stigmatized urban communities in Costa Rica. This study applies a qualitative approach, carrying out interviews and applying participatory mapping. The results have been grouped into five dimensions and three maps, which show that place attachment in the communities studied here is marked by socio-affective bonds, the socio-demographic characteristics of their residents, urban centrality, territorial management and criminality. Based on the information generated, we conclude that place attachment is a complex phenomenon and is shaped by socio-political attributes that require more in-depth exploration.
Infrared imaging of photovoltaic modules: a review of the state of the art and future challenges facing gigawatt photovoltaic power stations
Authors: Buerhop Claudia , Bommes Lukas , Schlipf Jan , Pickel Tobias , Fladung Andreas , Peters Ian Marius
Published: August 2022

Thermography is a frequently used and appreciated method to detect underperforming Photovoltaic modules in solar power stations. With the review, we give insights on two aspects: (a) are the developed measurement strategies highly efficient (about 1 module s−1) to derive timely answers from the images for operators of multi-Mega Warr peak power stations, and (b) do Photovoltaic stakeholders get answers on the relevance of thermal anomalies for further decisions. Following these questions, the influence of measurement conditions, image and data collection, image evaluation as well as image assessment are discussed. From the literature it is clear that automated image acquisition with manned and unmanned aircrafts allow to capture more than 1 module s−1. This makes it possible to achieve almost identical measurement conditions for the modules; however, it is documented to what extent the increase in speed is achieved at the expense of image resolution. Many image processing tools based on machine learning (ML) have been developed and show the potential for analysis of infrared (IR) images and defect classification. There are different approaches to evaluating IR anomalies in terms of impact on performance, yield or degradation, of individual modules or modules in a string configuration. It is clear that the problem is very complex and multi-layered. On the one hand, information on the electrical interconnection is necessary, and on the other hand, there is a lack of sufficient and suitable data sets to adapt existing computer vision tools to Photovolatics. This is where we see the greatest need for action and further development to increase the expressiveness of IR images for PV stakeholder. We conclude with recommendations to improve the outcome of IR-images and encourage the generation of suitable public data sets of IR-footage for the development of ML tools.
Dwarf vipers on a small island: body size, diet and fecundity correlates
Authors: Tomović Ljiljana , Anđelković Marko , Golubović Ana , Arsovski Dragan , Ajtić Rastko , Sterijovski Bogoljub , Nikolić Sonja , Crnobrnja-Isailović Jelka , Lakušić Margareta , Bonnet Xavier
Published: August 2022

Insular populations offer excellent opportunities to study the factors that influence phenotypes. We observed island dwarfism in a widespread snake, the nose-horned viper (Vipera ammodytes). Island vipers were ~20% smaller than mainland individuals. They also produced fewer and smaller offspring. In snakes, food availability has a positive influence on body size, fecundity and offspring size. Consequently, low energy intake is a plausible explanation for insular dwarfism. The diet of island vipers was principally represented by lizards and centipedes, whereas the most profitable prey items (e.g. rodents) were regularly found in the stomach of mainland vipers. Furthermore, the proportion of individuals captured with a full stomach and good body condition were lower on the island compared with the mainland. Thus, island vipers were likely to be experiencing permanent energy restriction, with cascading effects on adult body size and reproductive output. Large prey promotes high relative jaw length in snakes. Island vipers displayed smaller relative jaw length compared with mainland populations, suggesting that plasticity played a role in insular dwarfism. But the difference in relative tail length between island and mainland populations, a trait not subjected to food-induced plasticity, indicates local adaptation. Both plasticity and adaptation might influence the phenotype of island vipers.
Effectiveness and safety of P2Y12 inhibitors in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention: a nationwide registry-based study
Authors: Godtfredsen Sissel J , Kragholm Kristian H , Leutscher Peter , Jørgensen Steen Hylgaard , Christensen Martin Kirk , Butt Jawad H , Gislason Gunnar , Køber Lars , Fosbøl Emil L , Sessa Maurizio , Bhatt Deepak L , Torp-Pedersen Christian , Pareek Manan
Published: August 2022

Aims

To compare the effectiveness and safety of clopidogrel, ticagrelor, and prasugrel in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI).

Methods and results

Nationwide, registry-based study of STEMI patients treated with primary PCI (2011–17) and subsequently with aspirin and a P2Y12 inhibitor. The effectiveness outcome was major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) defined as a composite of recurrent myocardial infarction, repeat revascularization, stroke, or cardiovascular death at 12 months. The safety outcome was bleeding requiring hospitalization at 12 months. Multivariable logistic regression with average treatment effect modeling was used to calculate absolute and relative risks for outcomes standardized to the distributions of demographic characteristics of all included subjects. We included 10 832 patients; 1 697 were treated with clopidogrel, 7 508 with ticagrelor, and 1,627 with prasugrel. Median ages were 66, 63, and 59 years (P < 0.001). Standardized relative risks of MACE were 0.75 for ticagrelor vs. clopidogrel (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.64–0.83), 0.84 for prasugrel vs. clopidogrel (95% CI, 0.73–0.94), and 1.12 for prasugrel vs. ticagrelor (95% CI, 1.00–1.24). Standardized relative risks of bleeding were 0.77 for ticagrelor vs. clopidogrel (95% CI, 0.59–0.93), 0.89 for prasugrel vs. clopidogrel (95% CI, 0.64–1.15), and 1.17 for prasugrel vs. ticagrelor (95% CI, 0.89–1.45).

Conclusion

Ticagrelor and prasugrel were associated with lower risks of MACE after STEMI than clopidogrel, and ticagrelor was associated with a marginal reduction compared with prasugrel. The risk of bleeding was lower with ticagrelor compared with clopidogrel, but did not significantly differ between ticagrelor and prasugrel.