bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
EXTENDED RELEASE MICRO-PELLETS OF CHIRAL MOLECULE OF METOPROLOL SUCCINATE BY FLUID BED TECHNOLOGY
Authors: Patel Dipesh , Prajapati Bhupendra
Published: July 2017

The objective is to prepare extended release micro-pellets of the s-Metoprolol Succinate which is chirally pure molecules. Commercially Metoprolol Succinate is available the racemic mixture of the s and r isomers. Out of both the isomers s-isomer is predominantly responsible for the cardiac beta blocking activity. So to use the more desirable beta blocking activity of s-Metoprolol Succinate, extended release micro-pellets of the s-Metoprolol Succinate was prepared. Due to pure chiral molecules the dose was also reduced to half to that of the racemic mixture. Extended release micro-pellets of the s-Metoprolol Succinate was prepared by the fluid bed technology, in which s-Metoprolol Succinate along with binder and anti-adherent material was sprayed on the inert core. These drug loaded pellets of the s-Metoprolol Succinate was than coated with ethyl cellulose as extended release polymer, hypromellose as pore former and acetyl tri butyl as novel plasticizer and talc as an anti-adherent. The formulation was further optimized for drug release, as per USP recommended dissolution condition, using central composite design (CC). Results shows that at level of 58-66% w/w extended release coating with any studied concentration of acetyl tri butyl citrate and hypromellose gives desired drug release profile.
A Foray into Fauré
Authors: Chellew Megan
Published: July 2017

The Rare Books and Special Collections department at McGill University Library holds an original manuscript of a song by Gabriel Fauré. This article discusses the cataloguing of the manuscript, including the principles of cataloguing rare material, tracing provenance, and the decision-making process commonly known as “cataloguer’s judgement.”
Music for Silent Film: A Guide to North American Resources – by Kendra Preston Leonard (book review)
Authors: Stephen J. Drew
Published: July 2017

[no abstract]
Conceito de Comunidade de Prática: um olhar para as pesquisas na área da Educação e Ensino no Brasil
Authors: Rodrigues Márcio Urel , Silva Luciano Duarte , Miskulin Rosana Giaretta Sguerra
Published: July 2017

Este artigo apresenta um excerto relacionado a um aspecto da pesquisa de doutorado que foi desenvolvida na Unesp – Rio Claro. Tal excerto objetiva compreender o desenvolvimento conceitual das Comunidades de Práticas nas três obras de Etienne Wenger e identificar os reflexos desse referencial teórico nas pesquisas na área da Educação e Ensino no Brasil. Para isso, realizamos um mapeamento das pesquisas em Educação e Ensino seguindo os procedimentos das investigações do tipo “estado da arte”. Assim sendo, o corpus foi constituído por 46 pesquisas (20 dissertações e 26 teses) defendidas no período de 2005 a 2016. Esses procedimentos nos conduziram à identificação do desenvolvimento conceitual das Comunidades de Prática nas três obras que Etienne Wenger participa como autor. Notamos que após a publicação da terceira obra - Wenger, Mcdermott e Snyder (2002) -, Wenger apresenta o conceito de Comunidade de Prática próximo da definição enfatizada na referida obra. Apesar disso, constatamos que existe uma predominância da obra Wenger (1998) nas pesquisas que utilizam os pressupostos teóricos das Comunidades de Práticas na área da Educação e Ensino no Brasil; Percebemos a predominância de quatro programas de pós-graduação de quatro IES – Unesp – Rio Claro/SP; Unicamp – Campinas/SP; PUC – São Paulo/SP; e UEL – Londrina/PR - no Brasil que desenvolvem pesquisas na área da Educação e Ensino com os pressupostos das Comunidades de Práticas na perspectiva de Etienne Wenger em suas três obras principais.
O papel de um grupo colaborativo na superação dos desafios enfrentados por professores principiantes de matemática
Authors: Tinti Douglas da Silva
Published: July 2017

O presente artigo é fruto de reflexões e investigações desencadeadas por um grupo, que assume características colaborativas, constituído a partir do Programa Observatório da Educação (OBEDUC) e tem por objetivo identificar e descrever os desafios enfrentadas por dois professores de matemática em início de carreira e evidenciar o papel de um grupo colaborativo no enfrentamento e superação destes desafios. Para tanto foram analisados os memoriais de dois professores de matemática, membros do grupo analisado, que estavam em início de carreira. A análise realizada evidencia que os dilemas enfrentados por eles foram semelhantes, entretanto a superação foi distinta isso pois, foi possível observar que a inserção profissional de um dos professores culminou com sua inserção no grupo e que este professor teve diferentes subsídios para o enfrentamento do “choque com a realidade”, tão expressivo nesta fase do desenvolvimento profissional docente. Os resultados sinalizam a importância de espaços formativos diferenciados, como por exemplo os grupos colaborativos, como suporte a professores em início de carreira além de apontar a necessidade de ampliação de Políticas Públicas voltadas à formação docente e a professores principiantes.
Análise de trabalhos que investigaram contextos de formação de professores em Comunidades de Prática
Authors: Rodrigues Paulo Henrique , Cyrino Márcia Cristina de Costa Trindade
Published: July 2017

O objetivo deste artigo é apresentar características de contextos de formação de professores, em Comunidades de Prática, que promoveram o desenvolvimento profissional de professores que ensinam matemática, investigados nos últimos anos por membros do Grupo de Estudo e Pesquisa sobre Formação de Professores que Ensinam Matemática – GEPEFOPEM. Para tanto, foi realizada uma leitura crítica das considerações finais de dissertações e teses vinculadas a esse grupo, para identificar as aprendizagens de professores em formação, a constituição/mobilização de conhecimentos e o desenvolvimento da identidade profissional. Foi possível observar que a oportunidade dos envolvidos, nestes contextos, de trabalhar coletivamente; preparar/organizar possíveis trabalhos a serem desenvolvidos em sala de aula; partilhar experiências; estudar e discutir conceitos matemáticos; trabalhar individualmente ou em pequenos grupos resolvendo tarefas, de modo a discutir as resoluções coletivamente; participar ativamente em seus processos de formação; expor seus erros sem constrangimentos; representam características recorrentes nas investigações e foram consideradas como potenciais para o desenvolvimento profissional de professores.
Physico-Chemical Analysis of the Aerial Parts of Diplazium esculentum (Retz.) SW. (Family: Athyriaceae)
Authors: Dash Gouri Kumar , Khadidi Siti Khadijah Jusof , Shamsuddin Ahmad Fuad
Published: July 2017

Diplazium esculentum (Retz.) Sw. (Family: Athyriaceae) is one of the very popular edible ferns, a common pteridophytes
usually included in one of the major ingredients in the traditional 'Ulam' (salads) preparations in Malaysia. The plant is
highly valued for its several medicinal attributes. The present paper reports the physicochemical studies of the aerial parts.
Diagnostic characteristics of the aerial parts powder showed presence of lignified xylem fibres and non-lignified phloem
fibres, fragments of epidermal cells containing anomocytic stomata, mesophyll, palisade cells, parenchyma and
collenchyma tissues, covering trichomes and prismatic crystals of calcium oxalate. Preliminary phytochemical screening
of different extracts showed presence of steroids, triterpenoids, tannins and phenolic substances, flavonoids, carbohydrates,
gum and mucilage. The findings of the study will provide substantial information for the proper identification of the plant
drug to the future investigators.
Antiulcer Activity of Chloroform Extract of Cyperus rotundus
Authors: Gangwar Atul Kumar , Ghosh Ashoke K
Published: July 2017

Cyperous rotundus Linn. belonging to family Graminae, commonly known as “Nut Grass”, contains number of chemical
constituents, mainly cyperenone, cyperol, cyperolone, cyperone camphene, limonene, oleanolic acid and sitosterol etc..
Chloroform extract of Cyperous rotundus two doses, viz., 200 and 400 mg /kg were evaluated by ethanol induced method
using Ranitidine (50mg/kg) as standards. The standard drugs and the test drugs were administered orally for 14 days in
ethanol induced method. The results of the present study showed that the chloroform extract of Cyperous rotundus
possessed gastro protective activity as evidenced by its significant inhibition of mean ulcer score and ulcer index. The
present experimental findings suggest that Cyperous rotundus may be useful for treating peptic ulcers. Preliminary
phytochemical screening of extracts revealed the presence of the bioactive compounds, such as alkaloids, anthroquinones,
flavonoids, phenolic compounds, saponins, steroids and tannins. The study revealed specific identities for Cyperous
rotundus linn.
Phytochemical Screening, HPTLC Fingerprint Analysis of Leaf Extract of Bridelia montana (Roxb) Willd
Authors: Vinatha B. , Kuchana Vijaya , Shreelekha J. , Sreeharshini K. , Reddy I Anvesh , Kute Vaishali
Published: July 2017

ABSTRACT
This research analyzed the major chemical constituents present in the ethanolic extract of the leaves of Bridelia montana
(ROXB) WILLD. The leaves of Bridelia montana were collected, powdered, de-fatted with n-hexane and then extracted
with 90%ethyl alcohol. Preliminary phytochemical screening of the ethanolic leaf extract of Bridelia montana showed the
presence of chemical constituents like alkaloids, glycosides, phenolic compounds, tannins and resins. HPTLC fingerprint
analysis of the extract was carried out using CAMAG HPTLC system equipped with Linomat 5 sample applicator, UV
cabinet and WIN-CATS-4 software. The results from HPTLC fingerprint analysis of the ethanolic leaf extract of Bridelia
montana revealed the presence of 6 polyvalent constituents.
Phytochemical and Phytotherapeutic Properties of Celosia species- A Review
Authors: Varadharaj Vanitha , Muniyappan Jayalakshmi
Published: July 2017

Medicinal plants have been used basically in all cultures as a source of medicine. Medicinal plants play an important role
in public health, especially in developed and developing countries and leads to examination for therapeutic and
pharmacological applications. Medicinal Plants have been used for thousands of years to flavor and conserve food, to treat
different health issues and to prevent diseases including epidemics. Active compounds produced during secondary
metabolism are usually posses the biological properties of plant species used throughout the globe for various purposes,
including treatment of infectious diseases. Based on the medicinal values, the Celosia species has been chosen for this
study. Celosia species plays an important role in traditional medicine to cure several disorders such as fever, diarrohea,
mouth sores, itching, wounds, jaundice, gonorrhea, and inflammation. A variety of phytoconstituents are isolated from the
Celosia species which includes triterpenoids, saponins, alkaloids, phenols, tannins, flavonoids, cardiac glycosides,
steroids, phytosterols, and phlobatannins. The plant having potential pharmacological values screened for its various
pharmacological activities, namely, anti-inflammatory, immune-stimulating, anticancer, hepatoprotective, antioxidant,
wound healing, antidiabetic, antinociceptive effect and antibacterial activities which are reported in the extracts of different
parts of the plant. The objective of this study was to provide an overview of the ecology, phytoconstituents, pharmacology
of Celosia species and to confess their therapeutic potentials and secure an evidence base for further research works on
Celosia.
Phytochemical Analysis of Muntingia calabura Extracts Possessing Anti-Microbial and Anti-Fouling Activities
Authors: R. Singh , S. Iye , S. Prasad , N. Deshmukh , U. Gupta , A. Zanje , S. Patil , S. Joshi
Published: July 2017

The present study was carried out to determine the possible antifouling and anti microbial activity of plant extracts prepared
from Muntingia calabura and phytochemical screening was demonstrated. The extracts from the following plant parts like
stem, leaves, fruits, flower and stems were prepared in different aqueous solvents like ethanol, methanol, acetone,
acetonitrile and water. The highest antimicrobial potentials were observed for the methanolic extracts against K.
pneumonia, B. subtilis, B. megaterium and P. aeruginosa. Its efficacy was comparable to the standard drug, ampicillin.
Significant amount of tannins, alkaloids, steroids and flavonoids were found. Interestingly, the present study showed anti
fouling effect against pathogenic biofilm forming bacteria. These extracts also contain high hemagglutination activity. The
present study provides evidence that solvent extract of M. calabura contains medicinally important bioactive compounds
and this justifies the use of plant species as traditional medicine for treatment of various diseases.
Development of Quality Control Parameters for Standardization of Cyperus scariosus R.Br. Roots
Authors: Sharma Nidhi , Singh Sumitra , Singh Shailendra Kumar
Published: July 2017

Cyperus scariosus R.Br. (Family: Cyperaceae) is perennial and delicate slender sedge found wildly in damp or marshy
areas. The present study was undertaken for the development of quality control parameters of Cyperus scariosus R.Br.
roots. The study includes determination of various standardization parameters like morphological characters, microscopic
studies, histochemical detection and physicochemical evaluation of Cyperus scariosus R.Br. roots. The morphological
studies exhibited the organoleptic and surface characteristics of the roots. The microscopic study showed the presence of
various characteristic features of roots like cortex, lignified endodermis, pericycle, scalariform xylem vessels, tracheids
and phloem. Physicochemical constants such as moisture content, ash values, extractive values, swelling index and foaming
index were established. Preliminary phytochemical analysis of root extracts revealed the presence of alkaloids,
anthraquinone glycosides, phenols, flavonoids, tannins, saponins, steroids and terpenoids. These pharmacognostic features
established in this study would helpful for the establishment of pharmacopoeial standards to facilitate quality control and
correct identification of Cyperus scariosus R.Br. roots, also to minimize adulteration and substitution.
Phytochemical Studies on Nerium oleander L. Using GC-MS
Authors: Hase Goraksh J. , Deshmukh Keshav K. , Pokharkar Raghunath D. , Gaje Tukaram R. , Phatanagre Narendra D.
Published: July 2017

Phytoconstituents are chemical compounds often referred to as secondary metabolites. Fifty eight bioactive phytochemical
compounds were identified in the solvent free extract of Nerium Oleander L. root using Keshav Narean Apparatus3
[IP no.
2343/MUM/2013A] .The identification of phytochemical compounds is based on the peak area, retention time, molecular
weight and molecular formula. A wide range of fatty acids, heterocyclic compound which are having anticancer, antifungal,
anti-inflammatory and antibiotic activity were identified so that it can be recommended as a plant of
phytopharmaceutical importance. The GCMS analyse Fifty eight phytochemical compounds in Nerium oleander L. root
extract. The major phytoconstituents were 2-methoxy-5-methyl phenol and isomers (2.92%), 2, 6-dimethoxyphenyl ester
(4.47%), trans-Isogenol (4.89%),5-ter-butylpyrogallol(2.25%),2-hydroxy-4-isopropyl-7 methoxytropone
(3.72%),l-(+)-ascorbic-acid-2,6-dihexadecanoate,(4.47%),trans-Isogenol(4.89%),2,3,5-trimetho oxyamphetamine
(2.25%), 2-hydroxy-4-isopropyl-7-methoxytropone (3.72 %), Oleic acid(1.09 %), 2-( 9,12- octadecadienyloxy)-,(Z,Z)-
ethanol (9.48 %), 9-hexadecenoic acid (2.24%), 9-octadecenamide (3.13%), α-amyrin (10.85 %).
DEVELOPMENT QUALITY INDEX METHOD (QIM) TO ASSESS THE FRESHNESS AND SHELF LIFE OF BLACK TIGER SHRIMP(PENAEUS MONODON) STORED AT 00C
Authors: Tam Le Nhat , Giao Nguyen Nam , Nhung Tran Thi Ngoc , Duyen Đao Bich , Nhung Le Thi Hong , Thanh Nguyen Ba , Thi Tran Thi Van
Published: July 2017

Black tiger shrimps (Penaeus monodon) wereharvested andstored at 00Cfor study. The quality index method (QIM) was developed to evaluate the freshness of black tiger shrimp, and was presented in this study. The terms used to describe all the changes related to the texture, color, and odor are carefully chosen. The development of a QIM scheme included three main steps:A preliminary scheme to evaluate all the changes of attributes related to quality – Final QIM scheme and training – Validation of QIM scheme and comparison estimate the remaining shelf life and actual shelf life. The results show that shelf life of black tiger shrimp in the ice storage is 8 days. Quality score involving attributes decreases during the storage timeand have a correlation close to the linear regression equation. The scheme validation quality of black tiger shrimp by QIM method allows the estimation of the remaining shelf life.
Transaction Costs and Evolution of New Institutions in Farmers’ Managed Irrigation System in Nepal
Authors: Bhattarai Ram Chandra , Bhusal Tara Prasad
Published: July 2017

The paper examines the impact of transaction costs on institutional development and agricultural productivity in Nepal and analyzes the factors influencing transaction costs. A field survey of in the Kathmandu and Palpa districts of Nepal, reveals that transaction costs amount to 3 %of the net farm return and 3.3 % of the total cost of production. It is rational for farmers to invest in ensuring reliable irrigation and better institutional management because farmers with reliable irrigation and better institution reported higher productivity.Economic Journal of Development IssuesVol. 19 & 20 No. 1-2 (2015) Combined Issue, page: 1-21
Determinants of Non-Performing Loan in Nepalese Commercial Banks
Authors: Bhattarai Seema
Published: July 2017

The non-performing loans (NPL) of financial institutions are considered as a significant issue in the context of Nepal for last few decades. The paper aims to identify the impact of macroeconomic variables (GDP, Inflation, and Real Effective Exchange Rate) and bank specific variables (size, change in loan, real lending rate of interest, and share of loan to total assets) on the non-performing loan of the commercial banks in Nepal. The study was conducted mainly with secondary sources. The data were collected for 26 commercial banks covering the period of 2002-2012 with 227 observations. The study found that macroeconomic variables such as the real effective exchange rate have significantly negative impact on non-performing loan. The impact of GDP growth rate was found to be insignificant in this study. One year lagged inflation rate has significant positive impact on non-performing loan. The banks which charge relatively higher real interest rate have higher non-performing loan, which is consistent with the findings of previous studies. The ownership dummy has positive coefficient and significant at one percent level showing that if the bank is government owned the non-performing loan would be higher than that of the private owned banks. As well, more lending in the previous years and current year reduces the non-performing loan since the coefficient of change in loan in current and previous years have negative coefficient and significant at one percent level.Economic Journal of Development Issues Vol. 19 & 20 No. 1-2 (2015) Combined Issue, Page: 22-38
How Much Money Can an Equation Really Save? Standard Test Method for Calculating Cetane Index via Four Variable Equation
Authors: Khadka Chakra Bahadur
Published: July 2017

The life of the people of a nation is not only affected by the availability and non-availability of petroleum product but also by the quality of the product made available. The purity and impurity of the available petroleum product impacts the physical health of people by affecting the environment in which they live in. To improve the testing procedures and enhance fuel quality standard, immediate attention should be paid to regulating some key parameters that are not in practice nowadays; in the measurement of PAH in diesel, only density and KV test is used in Nepal which is not sufficient methods to identify diesel adulteration. The Calculated Cetane Index by Four Variable Equation is not a discretionary method for articulating ASTM cetane number. Sample of diesel fuel were collected from different zone of Nepal and the collected sample were tested in the laboratory of Intermediate Technology Development Group, Nepal, Environment Assessment and Material Testing Division, Nepal, Nepal Bureau Standard and Metrology, Nepal Oil Corporation and produced the data of CI. The results show recovery at 10%, 50% and 90% volume at a given temperature. The calculation of minimum CI value is 32, then the recovery % is at 170, 205 and 269 which indicates lower density type, e.g., kerosene is added in diesel fuel. Lower the CI, higher the strength of kerosene and vice versa. The result shows the cetane index of diesel fuel in Birgunj (BRJ) group is maximum 42, minimum 30 and average was 38. Whereas Raxual (RXL) delivered diesel has an average 48 cetane value. In the view of cetane value, average 10 cetane value is decreasing in diesel fuel in BRJ group sample. In the Kathmandu valley, results were maximum 43, minimum 32 and the average 38. Applying the law of altitude, the calculated value of cetane index strength is at an average of 34. The value of calculated cetane index is lower in the Kathmandu valley than RXL by 14. This lower calculated value of cetane index indicates that there is about 50% adulteration in diesel fuel in Nepali fuel market. The equation is an accompanying tool for assessing cetane number when a result by Test Method D613 is not available and if cetane improver is not used. As a supplementary tool, the Calculated Cetane Index by Four Variable equation should be used with due regard for its limitations. Four-variable equation really saves the cost to calculate cetane index of diesel (ASTM D 4737). Therefore, the study recommends for the use of the equation rather than cetane engine to estimate to CN for diesel supplied in Nepal.Economic Journal of Development Issues Vol. 19 & 20 No. 1-2 (2015) Combined Issue, Page: 60-76
L’analyse logique comme outil de soutien à l’application des connaissances dans le domaine psychosocial
Authors: Ouimet Anne-Marie , Morin Daphné
Published: July 2017

Abstract: For fifteen years, social services organizations, such as those working with people with intellectual disabilities, have been deploying numerous efforts to enhance their practices by making them more consistent with scientific knowledge. Logical analysis, a theory-based evaluation approach, is a promising avenue for knowledge translation in practice settings. By describing the experience of applying that particular analysis framework to a social skill program, this article sheds light on the benefits of using that approach, such as implementing a practice consistent with current scientific knowledge and valuing the program designers’ experience-based knowledge.
Comment évaluer les effets des évaluations d’impact sur la santé : le potentiel de l’analyse de contribution
Authors: Buregeya Jean Marie , Brousselle Astrid , Nour Kareen , Loignon Christine
Published: July 2017

Abstract: Health impact assessments (HIA) allow the potential impact of non-health-related actions (policy, project, program) on health to be analyzed. For example, municipal projects, for urban renewal or urban planning, have an impact on health drivers relating to the created environment, and thus, on public health. In the province of Quebec, the government and affiliated organizations have to comment on potential impacts; they use HIAs to ensure health is factored into public actions. We know little about HIAs’ capacity to influence public policies; every policy and program is different and is often implemented only once, greatly complicating evaluation. Our goal is to analyze the potential of contribution analysis for evaluating the impact of HIAs at the municipal level. To this end, we present the HIA process as implemented in Montérégie, we identify evaluation challenges, and put forth, through contribution analysis, an evaluation strategy to analyze effects.
Cost of Independent Bicycle and Pedestrian Projects
Authors: Pulugurtha Srinivas S. , Duddu Venkata R. , Tagar Synthia
Published: July 2017

State, regional, and local agencies need an established cost estimation method to improve the accuracy of programmed project funds. In particular, accurately estimating the cost of independent bicycle and pedestrian facilities helps improve prioritization, decision making, and the efficient allocation of funds for bicycle and pedestrian projects. The cost estimates vary by category as well as by the construction cost element. Obtaining cost data for an adequate number of projects of each facility type, although important, is challenging because of either the lack of available information or a reluctance in the sharing of information. This paper ( a) outlines methods to achieve a statistically significant sampling of cost data for bicycle and pedestrian facilities, ( b) addresses challenges associated with collecting the data from various agencies, and ( c) examines variations to better understand the estimates of individual construction cost elements. Recommendations pertaining to cost categories and cost elements that can help planners and engineers estimate the costs of independent bicycle and pedestrian projects are discussed.
Comprendre la relation collaborative d’échange de temps au sein des Accorderies
Authors: Guillard Valérie
Published: July 2017

Cet article a pour objectif de comprendre la nature des relations interpersonnelles en œuvre dans la consommation collaborative et plus particulièrement dans l’échange de temps. Passée au crible de la théorie de l’échange social, une étude qualitative auprès de vingt-trois consommateurs a permis de 1) comprendre les attentes et les difficultés d’une relation collaborative basée sur l’échange de temps ; 2) dresser une typologie des relations collaboratives d’échange de temps selon le degré d’implication des offreurs/receveurs dans la tâche et selon le degré d’ouverture à une relation personnelle. Les implications pour les organisations marchandes et non marchandes sont discutées.
Role of endoscopic transnasal surgery for skull base chondrosarcoma: a retrospective analysis of 19 cases at a single institution
Authors: Hasegawa Hirotaka , Shin Masahiro , Kondo Kenji , Hanakita Shunya , Mukasa Akitake , Kin Taichi , Saito Nobuhito
Published: July 2017

OBJECTIVE

Skull base chondrosarcoma is one of the most intractable tumors because of its aggressive biological behavior and involvement of the internal carotid artery and cranial nerves (CNs). One of the most accepted treatment strategies for skull base chondrosarcoma has been surgical removal of the tumor in conjunction with proactive extensive radiation therapy (RT) to the original tumor bed. However, the optimal strategy has not been determined. The goal of this study was to evaluate the early results of endoscopic transnasal surgery (ETS).

METHODS

The authors retrospectively analyzed 19 consecutive patients who underwent ETS at their institution since 2010. Adjuvant stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) was performed only for the small residual tumors that were not resected to avoid critical neurological complications. Histological confirmation and evaluation of the MIB-1 index was performed in all cases. The Kaplan-Meier method was used to determine the actuarial rate of tumor-free survival.

RESULTS

The median tumor volume and maximal diameter were 14.5 cm3 (range 1.4–88.4 cm3) and 3.8 cm (range 1.5–6.7 cm), respectively. Nine patients (47%) had intradural extension of the tumor. Gross-total resection was achieved in 15 (78.9%) of the 19 patients, without any disabling complications. In 4 patients, the surgery resulted in subtotal (n = 2, 11%) or partial (n = 2, 11%) resection because the tumors involved critical structures, including the basilar artery or the lower CNs. These 4 patients were additionally treated with SRS. The median follow-up duration was 47, 28, and 27 months after the diagnosis, ETS, and SRS, respectively. In 1 patient with an anterior skull base chondrosarcoma, the tumor relapsed in the optic canal 1 year later and was treated with a second ETS. Favorable tumor control was achieved in all other patients. The actuarial tumor control rate was 93% at 5 years. At the final follow-up, all patients were alive and able to perform independent activities of daily living without continuous neurological sequelae.

CONCLUSIONS

These preliminary results suggest that ETS can achieve sufficient radical tumor removal, resulting in comparative resection rates with fewer neurological complications to those in previous reports. Although the follow-up periods of these cases were relatively short, elective SRS to the small tumor remnant may be rational, achieving successful tumor control in some cases, instead of using proactive extensive RT. Thus, the addition of RT should be discussed with each patient, after due consideration of histological grading and biological behavior. To determine the efficacy of this strategy, a larger case series with a longer follow-up period is essential. However, this strategy may be able to establish evidence in the management of skull base chondrosarcoma, providing less-invasive and effective options as an initial step of treatment.
Management of peripheral nerve sheath tumors: 17 years of experience at Toronto Western Hospital
Authors: Guha Daipayan , Davidson Benjamin , Nadi Mustafa , Alotaibi Naif M. , Fehlings Michael G. , Gentili Fred , Valiante Taufik A. , Tator Charles H. , Tymianski Michael , Guha Abhijit , Zadeh Gelareh
Published: July 2017

OBJECTIVE

A surgical series of 201 benign and malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors (PNSTs) was assessed to characterize the anatomical and clinical presentation of tumors and identify predictors of neurological outcome, recurrence, and extent of resection.

METHODS

All surgically treated PNSTs from the Division of Neurosurgery at Toronto Western Hospital from 1993 to 2010 were reviewed retrospectively. Data were collected on patient demographics, clinical presentation, surgical technique, extent of resection, postoperative neurological outcomes, and recurrence.

RESULTS

One hundred seventy-five patients with 201 tumors had adequate follow-up for analysis. There were 182 benign and 19 malignant PNSTs. Of the benign lesions, 133 were schwannomas, 21 of which were associated with a diagnosis of schwannomatosis. There were 49 neurofibromas, and 26 were associated with neurofibromatosis Type 1 (NF1). Patients presenting with schwannomas were significantly older than those with neurofibromas. Schwannomas were more readily resected than neurofibromas, with the extent of resection of the former influenced by tumor location. Patients with benign PNSTs typically presented with a painful mass and less frequently with motor deficits. The likelihood of worsened postoperative motor function was decreased in patients with fully resected tumors or preoperative deficits. Recurrence of schwannomas and neurofibromas were seen more frequently in patients diagnosed with NF3 and NF1, respectively. Subtotal resection was associated with the increased recurrence of all benign lesions.

CONCLUSIONS

Outcomes following resection of benign PNSTs depend on tumor histopathology, tumor location, and genetic predisposition syndrome. Gross-total resection should be attempted for benign lesions where possible. The management of malignant PNSTs remains challenging, requiring a multimodal approach.
Specific Verbal Memory Measures May Distinguish Alzheimer’s Disease from Dementia with Lewy Bodies
Authors: Bussè Cinzia , Anselmi Pasquale , Pompanin Sara , Zorzi Giovanni , Fragiacomo Federica , Camporese Giulia , Di Bernardo Gian Antonio , Semenza Carlo , Caffarra Paolo , Cagnin Annachiara
Published: July 2017

Background:

Standard measures of commonly used memory tests may not be appropriate to distinguish different neurodegenerative diseases affecting memory.

Objective:

To study whether specific measures of verbal memory obtained with the Rey Auditory Verbal Learning test (RAVLT) could help distinguish dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) from Alzheimer’s disease (AD).

Methods:

Twenty-nine DLB and 32 AD patients participated in the study and were followed longitudinally for 3 years until the diagnosis was confirmed according to standard clinical criteria. Twenty-eight healthy elderly subjects served as controls. The following verbal memory measures were evaluated: verbal learning (VL), verbal forgetting (VF), percentage of verbal forgetting (VF%), and serial position effects of the immediate recall performance.

Results:

DLB and AD groups have comparable performances at the RAVLT immediate and delayed recall tasks. However, VL was higher in DLB than AD while VF% was greater in AD. With a VF% cut-off ≥75%, AD and DLB patients were differently distributed, with 58% of AD versus 21% of DLB above this cut-off. The recency effect was significant higher in AD than DLB.

Discussion:

DLB patients had a better performance in VL than AD, but worse VF and recency effect. These specific measures of verbal memory could be used as cognitive markers in the differential diagnosis between these two conditions.
Reduced Cerebrospinal Fluid Concentration of Apolipoprotein A-I in Patients with Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: Johansson Per , Almqvist Erik G. , Bjerke Maria , Wallin Anders , Johansson Jan-Ove , Andreasson Ulf , Blennow Kaj , Zetterberg Henrik , Svensson Johan
Published: July 2017

Background:

Apolipoprotein E (ApoE) has been extensively studied in Alzheimer’s disease (AD), but little is known of apolipoprotein A-I (ApoA-I) in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF).

Objective:

Plasma lipids as well as ApoA-I and ApoE in plasma and CSF were determined and related to Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) score, APOE genotype, and CSF AD biomarkers.

Methods:

Consecutive patients with AD ( n = 29), stable mild cognitive impairment ( n = 13), other dementias ( n = 14), and healthy controls ( n = 18) were included at a single center.

Results:

AD patients had higher plasma triglycerides and lower CSF ApoA-I concentration than controls (both p < 0.05). CSF ApoE concentration was reduced in other dementias ( p < 0.01). In AD as well as other dementias, the ratios between CSF and plasma concentrations of both ApoA-I and ApoE were lower than those in the controls. ApoA-I and ApoE in plasma and CSF were not influenced by APOE ɛ4 allele distribution. In the total study population ( n = 74), CSF ApoA-I correlated positively with MMSE score ( r = 0.26, p < 0.05) and negatively with CSF P-tau ( r = –0.25, p < 0.05). CSF ApoE correlated positively with CSF concentrations of T-tau and P-tau in the total study population and in AD patients.

Conclusion:

CSF ApoA-I was reduced in AD patients and associated with measures of cognitive function and AD disease status. The mechanisms underlying the decreased CSF:plasma ratios of ApoA-I and ApoE in AD and other dementias need to be explored in further studies.
Medical imaging technology shock and volatility of macro economics: Analysis using a three-sector dynamical stochastic general equilibrium REC model
Authors: Han Shurong , Huang Yeqing
Published: July 2017

The study analysed the medical imaging technology business cycle from 1981 to 2009 and found that the volatility of consumption in Chinese medical imaging business was higher than that of the developed countries. The volatility of gross domestic product (GDP) and the correlation between consumption and GDP is also higher than that of the developed countries. Prior to the early 1990s the volatility of consumption is even higher than GDP. This fact makes it difficult to explain the volatile market using the standard one sector real economic cycle (REC) model. Contrary to the other domestic studies, this study considers a three-sector dynamical stochastic general equilibrium REC model. In this model there are two consumption sectors, whereby one is labour intensive and another is capital intensive. The more capital intensive investment sector only introduces technology shocks in the medical imaging market. Our response functions and Monte-Carlo simulation results show that the model can explain 90% of the volatility of consummation relative to GDP, and explain the correlation between consumption and GDP. The results demonstrated the significant correlation between the technological reform in medical imaging and volatility in the labour market on Chinese macro economy development.
Altered gray matter volume and functional connectivity of the motor network in young divers
Authors: Liu Xia , Liu Liansheng , Hou Fen , Zhou Zhifeng , Wu Qingying , Li Hengguo
Published: July 2017

BACKGROUND:

Motor learning and professional sports training can induce plastic changes in brain structures that are associated with distinct training demands.

OBJECTIVE:

To testify the hypothesis of that regional gray matter structures in the motor-related cortex and its functional connectivity (FC) are altered in young divers.

METHODS:

We undertook T1-voxel-based morphometry (VBM) structural and resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging in groups of diving athletes (DAs) and demographically-matched healthy controls.

RESULTS:

Gray matter volume was lower in some regions in Das. By selecting the five most reduced regions, i.e. superior frontal gyrus, orbitofrontal cortex (OFC), insula, hippocampus, and cerebellum posterior lobe, as regions of interest (ROIs) for FC analysis, results showed that DAs had greater FC between the inferior temporal gyrus and superior frontal gyrus, OFC and cerebellum posterior lobe. Conversely, the divers had lesser FC between OFC and putamen, superior frontal gyrus and caudate.

CONCLUSIONS:

VBM differences suggest that diving training entails more effective synaptic and/or neuronal pruning processes in motor structures. Indeed, cortical volumetric decreases in the DAs group are associated with increased FC among certain motor-related regions. We conclude that motor learning in adolescence alters brain structure in association with changes in FC between the relevant cortical and subcortical regions.
Constructal Theory and Aeroelastic Design of Flexible Flying Wing Aircraft
Authors: Mardanpour Pezhman , Rastkar Siavash
Published: July 2017

The aeroelastic behavior of high-aspect-ratio very flexible flying wing is highly affected by the geometric nonlinearities of the aircraft structure. This paper reviews the findings on how these nonlinearities influence the structural and flight dynamics, and it shows that the aeroelastic flight envelope could significantly be extended with proper choices of design parameters such as engine placement. Moreover, in order to investigate the physics behind the effects of design parameters, constructal theory of design is reviewed. The constructal theory advances the philosophy of design as science, it states that the better structural design emerges when stress flow strangulation is avoided. Furthermore, it shows that airplanes, through their evolution, have obeyed theoretical allometric rules that unite their designs.
Reappraising the Visionary Work of Arata Isozaki: Six Decades and Four Phases
Authors: Lehmann Steffen
Published: July 2017

This article analyses the work and presents a portrait of Japanese architect Arata Isozaki. His designs and buildings span six decades and it is suggested that these can be categorised into four distinctively different phases. As a former collaborator of Isozaki during the 1990s, the author is able to draw from first-hand observations and knowledge to explain relevant projects. As the discussion points out, Isozaki’s work is highly unusual, original, complex and personal in its absorption of a multitude of influences and its interdisciplinary approach; thus, one could say that he has created ideas and concepts for spaces that defy characterisation as belonging to any single school of thought.
Estimation of Optical Properties for HULIS Aerosols at Anmyeon Island, Korea
Authors: Lee Ji , Jung Chang , Kim Yong
Published: July 2017

In this study, the sensitivity of the optical properties of carbonaceous aerosols, especially humic-like substances (HULIS), are investigated based on a one-year measurement of ambient fine atmospheric particulate matter (PM2.5) at a Global Atmospheric Watch (GAW) station in South Korea. The extinction, absorption coefficient, and radiative forcing (RF) are calculated from the analysis data of water soluble (WSOC) and insoluble (WISOC) organic aerosols, elemental carbon (EC), and HULIS. The sensitivity of the optical properties on the variations of refractive index, hygroscopicity, and light absorption properties of HULIS as well as the polydispersity of organic aerosols are studied. The results showed that the seasonal absorption coefficient of HULIS varied from 0.09 to 11.64 Mm−1 and EC varied from 0.11 to 3.04 Mm−1 if the geometric mean diameter varied from 0.1 to 1.0 µm and the geometric standard deviation varied from 1.1 to 2.0, with the imaginary refractive index (IRI) of HULIS varying from 0.006 to 0.3. Subsequently, this study shows that the RF of HULIS was larger than other constituents, which suggested that HULIS contributed significantly to radiative forcing.
Performance and Compatibility of Phosphonate-Based Superplasticizers for Concrete
Authors: Coppola Luigi , Lorenzi Sergio , Kara Patricia , Garlati Stefano
Published: July 2017

The paper deals with the effectiveness of an innovative phosphonate-based superplasticizer (PNH) for ready mixed concrete. Concrete specimens were manufactured by considering a constant initial workability, equal to 220 mm slump at the end of the mixing procedure. Workability was measured at 0, 30, and 60 min to evaluate the workability retention performances of the innovative superplasticizer. Compressive tests at 1, 7, and 28 days were carried out to evaluate the influence of the phosphonate-based superplasticizer on concrete setting and hardening. The concrete mixes were designed by considering 13 different cements to assess the superplasticizer-cement compatibility. The PNH-based admixture showed a better performance in terms of water reduction and workability retention with respect to napthalenesulphonate based admixtures (NSF); however, a higher dosage of PNH with respect to polycarboxylate ethers (PCEs) was needed to get the same initial fluidity.
Cerium Coordination Polymer Based Composite Mimicking Peroxidase for Detection of Nitroaniline
Authors: Wang Xi , Zheng Kunkun , Ji Peijun
Published: July 2017

Cerium coordination polymer (CeCP) was synthesized with 1,3,5-benzenetricarboxylic acid as the ligand. By using the carboxyl groups on the surface of CeCP as the anchors, platinum nanoparticles were formed on CeCP forming the composite CeCP@Pt. The composite was characterized by measuring TEM images, and EDS and XPS spectra. CeCP@Pt was used to catalyze the oxidation of 3,3,5,5-tetramethylbenzidine in the presence of H2O2. The activity assay demonstrated that CeCP@Pt exhibited an activity similar to that of horseradish peroxidase, but with a much higher activity. CeCP@Pt was utilized to detect nitroaniline, being able to detect trace amount of nitroaniline (>3.125 × 10−4 mg/mL).
Comparative Review on Thin Film Growth of Iron-Based Superconductors
Authors: Imai Yoshinori , Nabeshima Fuyuki , Maeda Atsutaka
Published: July 2017

Since the discovery of the novel iron-based superconductors, both theoretical and experimental studies have been performed intensively. Because iron-based superconductors have a smaller anisotropy than high-Tc cuprates and a high superconducting transition temperature, there have been a lot of researchers working on the film fabrication of iron-based superconductors and their application. Accordingly, many novel features have been reported in the films of iron-based superconductors, for example, the fabrication of the epitaxial film with a higher Tc than bulk samples, the extraction of the metastable phase which cannot be obtained by the conventional solid state reaction, and so on. In this paper, we review the progress of research on thin film fabrications of iron-based superconductors, especially the four categories: LnFeAs(O,F) (Ln = Lanthanide), AEFe2As2 (AE = Alkaline-earth metal), FeCh (Ch = Chalcogen), and FeSe monolayer. Furthermore, we focus on two important topics in thin films of iron-based superconductors; one is the substrate material for thin film growth on the iron-based superconductors, and the other is the whole phase diagram in FeSe1-xTex which can be obtained only by using film-fabrication technique.
Doping Liquid Crystal Cells with Photocurable Monomer via Holographic Exposure to Realize Optical-Scattering-Free Infrared Phase Modulators with Fast Response Time
Authors: Chien Chun-Yu , Sheu Chia-Rong
Published: July 2017

Photocurable monomer-doped liquid crystal (LC) cells were processed via holographic exposure using a low-power He–Ne laser to generate holographic polymer networks. The polymer network LC (PNLC) cells are used to fabricate infrared phase modulators at 1550 nm wavelength possessing favorable electro-optical performance. Compared with our previous work, the percentages of ingredients in the LC mixture filled in PNLC cells underwent a slight change. The 2 wt% concentration of anisotropic monomer RM257 were in place of isotropic monomer N–vinyl–2–pyrrolidinone (NVP). As a result, the fabricated phase modulators also maintained well homogeneous LC alignments and optical-scattering-free characteristics. Furthermore, NVP dopant successfully reduced the operating voltages from 95 Vrms to 79 Vrms to prevent polymer network deformation when electrically operating with higher voltages. The fabricated infrared phase modulators had a good average response time (i.e., rising time of 0.88 ms and falling time of 0.40 ms).
An Electrically Tunable Liquid Crystal Lens with Coaxial Bi-Focus and Single Focus Switching Modes
Authors: Chien Chun-Yu , Li Cheng-Hau , Sheu Chia-Rong
Published: July 2017

A hole-patterned electrode liquid crystal (LC) lens with electrically switching coaxial bi-focus and single focus modes of tuning is demonstrated. The proposed LC lens mainly consists of a two LC layer (TLCL) structure with different thicknesses to achieve higher focusing power than the conventional hole-patterned electrode LC lens with the same aperture size. In the TLCL structure, one LC layer, doped with 3 wt % RM257, was photopolymerized to achieve a fixed focusing power of 18.5 Diopter. Due to polarization dependence in TLCL lenses, an additional 90° twisted nematic (TN) cell was used to change the incident polarization in order to switch lens functions on or off. As a result, a fixed focusing power of 18.5 Diopter was achieved when voltages of 10 Vrms were applied to the 90° TN cell. In addition, the switching capabilities of the bi-focus and single focus modes were achieved when operating individually with applied voltages from 20 Vrms to 90 Vrms, and higher voltages of over 90 Vrms, respectively. The maximum focusing power in the fabricated TLCL lens is 30.9 Diopter.