bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Antibacterial activity of silver-killed bacteria: the "zombies" effect
Authors: Wakshlak Racheli Ben-Knaz , Pedahzur Rami , Avnir David
Published: April 2015

We report a previously unrecognized mechanism for the prolonged action of biocidal agents, which we denote as the zombies effect: biocidally-killed bacteria are capable of killing living bacteria. The concept is demonstrated by first killing Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 with silver nitrate and then challenging, with the dead bacteria, a viable culture of the same bacterium: Efficient antibacterial activity of the killed bacteria is observed. A mechanism is suggested in terms of the action of the dead bacteria as a reservoir of silver, which, due to Le-Chatelier's principle, is re-targeted to the living bacteria. Langmuirian behavior, as well as deviations from it, support the proposed mechanism.
Oxygen-induced cell migration and on-line monitoring biomarkers modulation of cervical cancers on a microfluidic system
Authors: Lin Xuexia , Chen Qiushui , Liu Wu , Zhang Jie , Wang Shiqi , Lin Zhixiong , Lin Jin-Ming
Published: April 2015

In this work, we report an integrated microfluidic device for cell co-culture under different concentrations of oxygen, in which the secreted protein VEGF165 was on-line qualitatively and semi-quantitatively analyzed by functional nucleic acid, hemin, ABTS and peroxide system. This microfluidic platform allowed investigation of various oxygen and distances effect on cell-to-cell communication. Besides, the microfluidic device was used for real-time analysis of VEGF165 protein by aptamer-functionalized microchannels. Under 5% O2 condition, we found that the migration of CaSki cells was faster than the migration of human umbilical vein endothelial cells. However, the migration of CaSki cells was slower than the migration of HUVECs under 15% O2 condition. Moreover, the shorter intercellular distances, the quicker cells migration. Furthermore, HIF-1α and VEGF165 genes, ROS were analyzed and the results would provide new perspectives for the diagnosis and medical treatment of cervical cancer.
Illusory ownership of an invisible body reduces autonomic and subjective social anxiety responses
Authors: Guterstam Arvid , Abdulkarim Zakaryah , Ehrsson H. Henrik
Published: April 2015

What is it like to be invisible? This question has long fascinated man and has been the central theme of many classic literary works. Recent advances in materials science suggest that invisibility cloaking of the human body may be possible in the not-so-distant future. However, it remains unknown how invisibility affects body perception and embodied cognition. To address these questions, we developed a perceptual illusion of having an entire invisible body. Through a series of experiments, we characterized the multisensory rules that govern the elicitation of the illusion and show that the experience of having an invisible body reduces the social anxiety response to standing in front of an audience. This study provides an experimental model of what it is like to be invisible and shows that this experience affects bodily self-perception and social cognition.
Development of a 3D printer using scanning projection stereolithography
Authors: Lee Michael P. , Cooper Geoffrey J. T. , Hinkley Trevor , Gibson Graham M. , Padgett Miles J. , Cronin Leroy
Published: April 2015

We have developed a system for the rapid fabrication of low cost 3D devices and systems in the laboratory with micro-scale features yet cm-scale objects. Our system is inspired by maskless lithography, where a digital micromirror device (DMD) is used to project patterns with resolution up to 10 µm onto a layer of photoresist. Large area objects can be fabricated by stitching projected images over a 5cm2 area. The addition of a z-stage allows multiple layers to be stacked to create 3D objects, removing the need for any developing or etching steps but at the same time leading to true 3D devices which are robust, configurable and scalable. We demonstrate the applications of the system by printing a range of micro-scale objects as well as a fully functioning microfluidic droplet device and test its integrity by pumping dye through the channels.
Loss of superhydrophobicity of hydrophobic micro/nano structures during condensation
Authors: Jo HangJin , Hwang Kyung Won , Kim DongHyun , Kiyofumi Moriyama , Park Hyun Sun , Kim Moo Hwan , Ahn Ho Seon
Published: April 2015

Condensed liquid behavior on hydrophobic micro/nano-structured surfaces is a subject with multiple practical applications, but remains poorly understood. In particular, the loss of superhydrophobicity of hydrophobic micro/nanostructures during condensation, even when the same surface shows water-repellant characteristics when exposed to air, requires intensive investigation to improve and apply our understanding of the fundamental physics of condensation. Here, we postulate the criterion required for condensation to form from inside the surface structures by examining the grand potentials of a condensation system, including the properties of the condensed liquid and the conditions required for condensation. The results imply that the same hydrophobic micro/nano-structured surface could exhibit different liquid droplet behavior depending on the conditions. Our findings are supported by the observed phenomena: the initiation of a condensed droplet from inside a hydrophobic cavity, the apparent wetted state changes and the presence of sticky condensed droplets on the hydrophobic micro/nano-structured surface.
Association of CD8+ T lymphocyte repertoire spreading with the severity of DRESS syndrome
Authors: Niu Jun , Jia Qingzhu , Ni Qingshan , Yang Yi , Chen Gang , Yang Xichuan , Zhai Zhifang , Yu Haili , Guan Peng , Lin Regina , Song Zhiqiang , Li Qi-Jing , Hao Fei , Zhong Hua , Wan Ying
Published: April 2015

T-cell receptor (TCR)-mediated cross-recognition is a major mechanism in the pathogenesis of drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DRESS) syndrome. However, the characteristics of the TCR repertoire and the clinical significance of repertoire reformation throughout the course of DRESS are unknown. Here, we isolated CD4+ and CD8+ T-cells from peripheral blood of 8 DRESS patients at 10-day intervals and, sequenced CDR3-regions of the TCRB chain by high-throughput sequencing to analyze the dynamic reformation in the T-cell repertoire hierarchy. Compared with healthy donors, T-cell expanded in peripheral repertoires from DRESS patient. The extent of fluctuation of dominant CD8+ T-cell clones, but not of CD4+ counterparts, correlated positively with the clinical severity and helped classify the enrolled subjects into “fluctuant” and “flat” repertoire groups. The anti-herpesvirus response, which was measured using anti-EBV/HHV antibodies and the proportion of the homologous CD8+ EBV-specific clonotypes, in the “fluctuant” group was substantial higher than that in the “flat” group. Furthermore, autoimmune sequelae were observed in a cured “fluctuant” patient. Collectively, the clinical relevance of the fluctuant CD8+ T-cell repertoires supports the notion that herpes virus-mediated continuously de novo priming of newly pathogenic CD8+ T-cell clones is an alternate mechanism responsible for the pathogenicity of DRESS.
Mechanistic Insights into Elastin Degradation by Pseudolysin, the Major Virulence Factor of the Opportunistic Pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Authors: Yang Jie , Zhao Hui-Lin , Ran Li-Yuan , Li Chun-Yang , Zhang Xi-Ying , Su Hai-Nan , Shi Mei , Zhou Bai-Cheng , Chen Xiu-Lan , Zhang Yu-Zhong
Published: April 2015

Pseudolysin is the most abundant protease secreted byPseudomonas aeruginosaand is the major extracellular virulence factor of this opportunistic human pathogen. Pseudolysin destroys human tissues by solubilizing elastin. However, the mechanisms by which pseudolysin binds to and degrades elastin remain elusive. In this study, we investigated the mechanism of action of pseudolysin on elastin binding and degradation by biochemical assay, microscopy and site-directed mutagenesis. Pseudolysin bound to bovine elastin fibers and preferred to attack peptide bonds with hydrophobic residues at the P1 and P1’ positions in the hydrophobic domains of elastin. The time-course degradation processes of both bovine elastin fibers and cross-linked human tropoelastin by pseudolysin were further investigated by microscopy. Altogether, the results indicate that elastin degradation by pseudolysin began with the hydrophobic domains on the fiber surface, followed by the progressive disassembly of macroscopic elastin fibers into primary structural elements. Moreover, our site-directed mutational results indicate that five hydrophobic residues in the S1-S1’ sub-sites played key roles in the binding of pseudolysin to elastin. This study sheds lights on the pathogenesis ofP. aeruginosainfection.
Introduction to Structural Studies on 2-Oxoglutarate-Dependent Oxygenases and Related Enzymes
Authors: Aik Wei Shen , Chowdhury Rasheduzzaman , Clifton Ian J. , Hopkinson Richard J. , Leissing Thomas , McDonough Michael A. , Nowak Radosław , Schofield Christopher J. , Walport Louise J.
Published: April 2015

Crystallographic studies have revealed that the Fe(ii)- and 2-oxoglutarate (2OG)-dependent oxygenases and structurally related enzymes employ a conserved double-stranded β-helix (DSBH, or jelly-roll) fold to enable oxidation of a wide range of substrates. The N- and C-terminal ends of the DSBH are modified, including by addition of α-helices and β-strands, in a 2OG oxygenase characteristic manner. In some cases inserts occur between the eight β-strands that comprise the core DSBH, most commonly between the fourth and fifth DSBH strands. The DSBH supports residues that enable binding of Fe(ii) and 2OG in a subfamily conserved manner. The single iron ion at the active site is normally relatively deeply bound and ligated by the side chains of three protein residues which form a conserved His-X-Asp/Glu⋯His motif. In some cases, e.g. the 2OG-dependent halogenases, only two iron ligands are present. The sizes of 2OG oxygenases vary considerably, from less than 300 residues, as observed in some small-molecule hydroxylases, to greater than 1000 residues, found in 2OG oxygenases involved in the regulation of protein biosynthesis. In the latter case additional discrete domains are commonly observed, some of which are related to dimerization or to determining substrate selectivity. The structures have revealed conservation in the general mode of 2OG binding, involving bidentate iron coordination and binding of the 2OG C-5 carboxylate by basic (Lys or Arg) and alcohol-bearing residues, but also differences which can be exploited in the generation of highly selective inhibitors. There is considerable variation in the modes of prime substrate binding, which can involve very substantial conformational changes. However, the topology of the DSBH and surrounding elements limits the residues that are involved in substrate binding and, in some cases, dimerization. In this chapter we provide an introduction to the structural biology of 2OG oxygenases and related DSBH enzymes.
Synthetic Models of 2-Oxoglutarate-Dependent Oxygenases
Authors: Allpress Caleb J. , Kleespies Scott T. , Que Jr Lawrence
Published: April 2015

The 2-oxoglutarate (2OG)-dependent oxygenases utilize dioxygen and 2OG to oxidize a wide variety of substrates. Over the past two decades, a number of Fe(ii)-containing model systems of structural relevance to 2OG-dependent enzymes utilizing tripodal ligand frameworks and 2-oxo acids have provided great insight into the reactivity of these enzymes. Like the 2OG-dependent enzymes, the model complexes react with dioxygen and carry out the oxidative decarboxylation of a 2-oxoacid to generate a potent oxidant that is likely to be an Fe(iv)O intermediate. Over the past 12 years, many Fe(iv)O complexes have been synthesized, spanning a variety of ligand motifs, coordination geometries and spin states. This chapter reviews the synthetic strategies applied to generating both functional models of the reactions carried out by 2OG-dependent enzymes, as well as spectroscopic models of relevance to transient reaction intermediates. A focus is given to advances in understanding of the enzymatic reaction obtained from studying the reactivity of these synthetic systems.
The Role of 2-Oxoglutarate-Dependent Oxygenases in Hypoxia Sensing
Authors: Wilkins Sarah E. , Flashman Emily , Scotti John S. , Hopkinson Richard J. , Chowdhury Rasheduzzaman , Schofield Christopher J.
Published: April 2015

Animals respond to chronic limiting oxygen availability by activation of the hypoxia inducible factor (HIF) system. As shown by pioneering work on erythropoietin regulation, HIF is an α,β-heterodimeric transcription factor which contains basic-helix-loop-helix PAS domains that bind to hypoxia response elements associated with hundreds of human genes. Both the levels and activity of HIF isoforms are affected by their post-translational hydroxylation that is catalysed by the HIF-α hydroxylases, which are Fe(ii)- and 2-oxoglutarate (2OG)-dependent oxygenases. The HIF prolyl hydroxylases (PHDs or EGLN enzymes) catalyse C-4 trans-hydroxylation of prolyl residues in the C- and N-terminal oxygen-dependent degradation domains in HIF-α. These modifications signal for substantially increased HIF-α degradation via the proteasome system by promoting the binding of HIF-α to the von Hippel Lindau protein, which is a targeting component for a ubiquitin E3 ligase. There is accumulating evidence that the activity of the PHDs is limited by oxygen availability. Thus, it is proposed that degradation of HIF-α is limited by oxygen availability, at least in many normal circumstances, and the PHDs act as hypoxia sensors. In a second mechanism of 2OG-dependent oxygenase mediated control of HIF, factor inhibiting HIF (FIH) catalyses asparaginyl hydroxylation in the C-terminal transcriptional activation domain of HIF-α, a modification that reduces the interaction of HIF with transcriptional co-activator proteins, and so reduces the transcription of HIF target genes. Inhibition of the HIF hydroxylases leads to upregulation of HIF target gene expression. PHD inhibitors are presently in trials for the treatment of anaemia via upregulation of erythropoietin. This chapter focuses on the biochemical roles of the HIF hydroxylases in the hypoxic response in animals and it describes how the discovery of the roles of the 2OG-dependent oxygenases in signalling hypoxia has promoted work on their roles in other aspects of the regulation of protein biosynthesis, at both transcriptional and translational levels.
RNA Demethylation by FTO and ALKBH5
Authors: Zheng Guanqun , He Chuan
Published: April 2015

RNA plays a central role in the flow of genetic information in the central dogma. Over 100 structurally distinct post-transcriptional modifications have been identified in RNA, yet little is known about the functions of most of these modifications. N6-methyladenosine (m6A) is one of the most intriguing RNA modifications and is also the most abundant internal modification in mammalian messenger RNA (mRNA). Here we describe the first two RNA m6A demethylases, FTO and ALKBH5, discovered by us. Both belong to the Fe(ii)/2-oxoglutarate-dependent dioxygenases and use an oxidative demethylation mechanism. We review their structures, functions, oxidation mechanisms, as well as biological significance. The emerging field of reversible m6A RNA methylation in biological regulation is also discussed.
Role of ALKBH8 in the Synthesis of Wobble Uridine Modifications in tRNA
Authors: Falnes Pål Ø. , Yen Ho Angela Yeuan
Published: April 2015

Human ALKBH8 is one of nine AlkB homologues (ALKBHs) related to the Escherichia coli AlkB protein, a 2-oxoglutarate- and Fe(ii)-dependent oxygenase that catalyses the hydroxylation of damaging methyl groups in DNA leading to their spontaneous release. ALKBH8 was recently shown to be a bifunctional tRNA modification enzyme, carrying both oxygenase and methyltransferase activities, and is involved in the formation of specific modified uridines found on the wobble position of tRNAs. Here, we describe the discovery of the ALKBH8 function and we elaborate on the presence of ALKBH8 homologues in other organisms. The possible functional and regulatory roles of ALKBH8-mediated tRNA modification are discussed.
Role of 2-Oxoglutarate-Dependent Oxygenases in Flavonoid Metabolism
Authors: Martens Stefan , Matern Ulrich
Published: April 2015

Plants are capable of producing a vast array of secondary metabolites, probably amounting to more than 200 000 diverse compounds. The enormous chemical complexity and variety of these structures are enabled by the selective expression of biosynthetic genes encoding for enzymes such as regio- and stereospecific oxygenases and hydroxylases. Many of these enzymes are rather labile and access has been gained in recent years only by reverse genetics. For example, the extensively studied biosynthesis of flavonoids, which form the third largest group of phytochemicals and are responsible for peculiar tissue colourations, requires several mono- and dioxygenase activities. Most plant dioxygenases depend on 2-oxoglutarate (2OG) as a substrate and constitute the largest group of mononuclear, non-haem ferrous ion-dependent oxidizing enzymes and the second largest enzyme family in plant genomes. So far six 2OG-dependent dioxygenases have been assigned to flavonoid biosynthesis. Recently, this family has been grouped into three subfamilies (DOXA-C) based on polypeptide sequence alignments. The vast majority of plant 2OG-dependent dioxygenases involved in the formation of land plant secondary metabolites were classified to the DOXC subfamily, including those committed to flavonoid biosynthesis.
2-Oxoglutarate-Dependent Oxygenases of Cephalosporin Synthesis
Authors: Andersson Inger , Valegård Karin
Published: April 2015

Central steps in the biosynthetic pathways of some of the most commonly used antibiotics, the cephalosporins, are catalysed by 2-oxoglutarate (2OG)-dependent oxygenases. Deacetoxycephalosporin C synthase (DAOCS) catalyses the 2OG-dependent oxidative expansion of the five-membered thiazolidine ring of the penicillin nucleus into the six-membered dihydrothiazine ring of the cephalosporin nucleus. DAOCS uses dioxygen to create a reactive iron–oxygen intermediate from ferrous ion to drive the reaction. In prokaryotic cephalosporin producers, the cephalosporin product, DAOC, is hydroxylated at the 3′-position to form deacetylcephalosporin C (DAC) as catalysed by a second 2OG-dependent enzyme, DAC synthase (DACS). In eukaryotic cephalosporin producers, the reaction is catalysed by a bifunctional enzyme, DAOC/DACS, that catalyses both the ring expansion and the 3′-hydroxylation reactions. The prokaryotic and eukaryotic enzymes are closely related to DAOCS by sequence, suggesting these enzymes may have evolved by gene duplication. Cephamycin C-producing microorganisms use two enzymes, encoded by the genes cmcI/J, to convert cephalosporins to their 7α-methoxy derivatives that are less vulnerable to β-lactam hydrolysing enzymes. The methoxylation reaction is dependent on Fe(ii), 2OG and S-adenosylmethionine, suggesting the involvement of another 2OG-dependent oxygenase. Herein, structural and mechanistic features are summarized for these 2OG enzymes that utilize this common and flexible mode of dioxygen activation.
Recent Advances in the Structural and Mechanistic Biology of Non-Haem Fe(ii), 2-Oxoglutarate and O2-Dependent Halogenases
Authors: Smith Janet L. , Khare Dheeraj
Published: April 2015

A growing number of halogenases have been characterized that use non-haem iron, 2-oxoglutarate and molecular oxygen to enable catalysis via a substrate-free radical at the site of halogenation. The halogenases and related hydroxylases have near identical reaction mechanisms, leading to outstanding questions about what determines whether transfer of halide or hydroxyl resolves the substrate-free radical. Intriguing results indicate that the position of the substrate in the active site is a strong determinant of reaction outcome. All the halogenases are found in natural product biosynthetic pathways, and their substrates are covalently tethered to the phosphopantetheine cofactor of a carrier protein. Crystal structures for three halogenases show a remarkable degree of tailoring of the active site for the biological function of each enzyme.
Sensitive determination of two major mercapturic acid metabolites of 1,3-butadiene in human urine based on the isotope dilution ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry
Authors: Li Wei , Chen Jindong , Jiang Dafeng , Xin Chenglong , Cao Yanping , Li Fenghua
Published: April 2015

1,3-Butadiene is widely used as a chemical intermediate to produce chemicals and is a worldwide environmental pollutant.
Radical anions of hypervalent silicon compounds: 1-substituted silatranes
Authors: Belogolova Elena F. , Vakul'skaya Tamara I. , Sidorkin Valery F.
Published: April 2015

The first representatives of the radical anions of silatranes XSi(OCH2CH2)3N were obtained and studied using the EPR and quantum chemistry methods. Depending on X, the addition of an electron to silatranes is accompanied by the retention of the dative Si–N contact, its significant weakening, or a change in the nature of the coordination center.
Hyperbranched polymers: advances from synthesis to applications
Authors: Zheng Yaochen , Li Sipei , Weng Zhulin , Gao Chao
Published: April 2015

This review summarizes the advances in hyperbranched polymers from the viewpoint of structure, click synthesis and functionalization towards their applications in the last decade.
Mapping water uptake in organic coatings using AFM-IR
Authors: Morsch S. , Lyon S. , Greensmith P. , Smith S. D. , Gibbon S. R.
Published: April 2015

The long-term failure of seemingly intact corrosion resistant organic coatings is thought to occur via the development of ionic transport channels, which spontaneously evolve from hydrophilic regions on immersion, i.e., as a result of localized water uptake. To this end, we investigate water uptake characteristics for industrial epoxy–phenolic can coatings after immersion in deionized water and drying. Moisture sorption and the changing nature of polymer–water interactions are assessed using FTIR for dry and pre-soaked films. More water is found to be absorbed by the pre-soaked coatings on exposure to a humid environment, with a greater degree of hydrogen-bonding between the polymer and water. Furthermore, morphological changes are then correlated to localized water uptake using the AFM-IR technique. Nanoscale softened regions develop on soaking, and these are found to absorb a greater proportion of water from a humid environment.
Protein interactions with corroding metal surfaces: comparison of Mg and Fe
Authors: Wagener Victoria , Faltz Anne-Sophie , Killian Manuela S. , Schmuki Patrik , Virtanen Sannakaisa
Published: April 2015

The influence of bovine serum albumin (BSA) on the electrochemical behaviour of pure Mg and Fe was studied in simulated body fluid (SBF), in view of the possible application of these materials as biodegradable metals. Results indicate a different trend for the BSA-effect on corrosion for the two metals: for Mg, a strong corrosion-inhibiting effect is observed in the presence of BSA in solution, especially for short-term exposure, whereas for Fe only a slight acceleration of corrosion is caused by the addition of BSA to the solution. For both metals, the protein-effect on the electrochemical behaviour shows a complex time-dependence. Surface analysis indicates that stronger BSA adsorption takes place on Mg than on Fe. Moreover, adsorption experiments with BSA and a second protein (lysozyme) were conducted. The results are discussed in view of electrostatic interactions between differently charged metal oxide/hydroxide surfaces and proteins.
A thermodynamic gauge for mobile counter-ions from colloids and nanoparticles
Authors: Philipse Albert P. , Kuipers Bonny W. M. , Vrij Agienus
Published: April 2015

A thermodynamic equilibrium sensor is proposed that measures the ratio of the number of elementary charges z to the mass m of charged solutes such as charged colloids and nanoparticles. The sensor comprises a small, membrane-encapsulated salt solution volume that absorbs neutral salt molecules in response to the release of mobile counter-ions by charge carriers in the surrounding suspension. The sensor state emerges as a limiting case of the equilibrium salt imbalance, and the ensuing osmotic pressure difference, between arbitrary salt and suspension volumes. A weight concentration of charge carriers c is predicted to significantly increase the sensor's salt number density from its initial value ρs,0 to ρRs, according to the relation (ρRs/ρs,0)2 − 1 = zc/mρs,0, under the assumption that the mobile ions involved in the thermodynamic sensor-suspension equilibrium are ideal and homogeneously distributed.
Optimization of a 48Ca–43Ca double-spike MC-TIMS method for measuring Ca isotope ratios (δ44/40Ca and δ44/42Ca): limitations from filament reservoir mixing
Authors: Lehn Gregory O. , Jacobson Andrew D.
Published: April 2015

We demonstrate, with analyses and modeling, how filament reservoir mixing limits the reproducibility of Ca isotope measurements by double-spike TIMS.
A transient signal acquisition and processing method for micro-droplet injection system inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (M-DIS-ICP-MS)
Authors: Iwai Takahiro , Shigeta Kaori , Aida Mari , Ishihara Yukiko , Miyahara Hidekazu , Okino Akitoshi
Published: April 2015

An optimal signal acquisition and processing method for use with intermittent small-sized sample introduction techniques, such as the micro-droplet injection system (M-DIS), was investigated.
Involvement of secondary metabolites in the pathogenesis of the American foulbrood of honey bees caused by Paenibacillus larvae
Authors: Müller Sebastian , Garcia-Gonzalez Eva , Genersch Elke , Süssmuth Roderich D.
Published: April 2015

The Gram-positive spore-forming bacteriumPaenibacillus larvaeis the causative agent of the fatal disease American Foulbrood of the western honey bee. This article highlights recent findings on secondary metabolites synthesized byP. larvae.
Screen-printed back-to-back electroanalytical sensors: heavy metal ion sensing
Authors: Ruas de Souza Ana P. , Foster Christopher W. , Kolliopoulos Athanasios V. , Bertotti Mauro , Banks Craig E.
Published: April 2015

The back-to-back screen-printed electrochemical sensing approach is applied to the quantification of lead(ii) in drinking water which is independently verified with ICP-OES.
Restricted accessed nanoparticles for direct magnetic solid phase extraction of trace metal ions from human fluids followed by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry detection
Authors: Yan Ping , He Man , Chen Beibei , Hu Bin
Published: April 2015

Restricted accessed magnetic nanoparticles were synthesized and applied for direct extraction of trace metals from human fluids.
Chemical analysis of multicellular tumour spheroids
Authors: Jamieson L. E. , Harrison D. J. , Campbell C. J.
Published: April 2015

Analytical chemistry applied to 3D tissue culture models.
Multiple amplification detection of microRNA based on the host–guest interaction between β-cyclodextrin polymer and pyrene
Authors: Guo Xiaochen , Yang Xiaohai , Liu Pei , Wang Kemin , Wang Qing , Guo Qiuping , Huang Jin , Li Wenshan , Xu Fengzhou , Song Chunxia
Published: April 2015

The proposed multiple amplification strategy based on the host–guest interaction between β-CDP and pyrene is homogeneous, sensitive and rapid.
Electrochemical sensor based on a polyaniline-modified SnO2 nanocomposite for detecting ethephon
Authors: Zhang Zhihong , Zhai Shuyong , Wang Minghua , He Linghao , Peng Donglai , Liu Shunli , Yang Yanqin , Fang Shaoming , Zhang Hongzhong
Published: April 2015

Nanocomposites from polyaniline and stannic oxide (SnO2@PANI) were synthesized and developed as electrode materials for sensitive and selective ethephon detection.
Stereoselective synthesis of glycosides using (salen)Co catalysts as promoters
Authors: Medina Sandra , Henderson Alexander S. , Bower John F. , Galan M. Carmen
Published: April 2015

The use of (salen)Co catalysts as a new class of bench-stable stereoselective glycosylation promoters of trichloroacetimidate glycosyl donors at room temperature is described.
Rational design of one-dimensional vanadium(v) oxide nanocrystals: an insight into the physico-chemical parameters controlling the crystal structure, morphology and size of particles
Authors: Steunou Nathalie , Livage Jacques
Published: April 2015

This highlight deals with the recent advances on the synthesis in aqueous solution of one-dimensional vanadium(v) oxide nanocrystals.
A molecular dynamics study of CaCO3 nanoparticles in a hydrophobic solvent with a stearate co-surfactant
Authors: Bodnarchuk Michael S. , Heyes David M. , Breakspear Angela , Chahine Samir , Dini Daniele
Published: April 2015

MD snapshots showcase the association between a water droplet (red) and a surfactant stabilised CaCO3 nanoparticle, mimicking the neutralisation process.
Perspectives on external electric fields in molecular simulation: progress, prospects and challenges
Authors: English Niall J. , Waldron Conor J.
Published: April 2015

This review examines, for the first time, the exciting, emerging area of non-equilibrium molecular simulation in externally-applied electric fields.
Interfacial thermal transport and structural preferences in carbon nanotube–polyamide-6,6 nanocomposites: how important are chemical functionalization effects?
Authors: Gharib-Zahedi Mohammad Reza , Tafazzoli Mohsen , Böhm Michael C. , Alaghemandi Mohammad
Published: April 2015

We investigate the influence of chemically functionalized CNTs on the structural properties of the surrounding polyamide-6,6 matrix as well as the interfacial thermal conductivity of polymer–CNT nanocomposites.
A low-surface energy carbon allotrope: the case for bcc-C6
Authors: Yin Wen-Jin , Chen Yuan-Ping , Xie Yue-E. , Liu Li-Min , Zhang S. B.
Published: April 2015

Graphite may be viewed as a low-surface-energy carbon allotrope with little layer–layer interaction.
Generating hydrated electrons through photoredox catalysis with 9-anthrolate
Authors: Kerzig Christoph , Goez Martin
Published: April 2015

Generating a “super reductant” through photoredoxcatalysis: the anion of 9-anthrol is an efficient source of hydrated electronseaq˙−in a mechanism that consumes only the ascorbate dianion as a sacrificial donor and near-UV photons.
Molecular and supramolecular switches on mesoporous silica nanoparticles
Authors: Song Nan , Yang Ying-Wei
Published: April 2015

This review summarizes the recent advances of molecular and supramolecular switches installed on mesoporous silica nanoparticles.
Synthesis of an unexpected [Zn2]2+ species utilizing an MFI-type zeolite as a nano-reaction pot and its manipulation with light and heat
Authors: Oda Akira , Ohkubo Takahiro , Yumura Takashi , Kobayashi Hisayoshi , Kuroda Yasushige
Published: April 2015

A specific field emanating from zeolite with a specific Al-array makes it possible to synthesize the “ultra-state ion, [Zn2]2+” and to manipulate between a dimer and a monomer with light and heat.
Water recycling in Australia – during and after the drought
Authors: Radcliffe John C.
Published: April 2015

Australia responded to drought with water reform and the use of alternative water sources to ensure security of water supply, but at a cost.
A study of the effect of dietary fiber fractions obtained from artichoke (Cynara cardunculus L. var. scolymus) on the growth of intestinal bacteria associated with health
Authors: Fissore Eliana N. , Santo Domingo Cinthia , Gerschenson Lía N. , Giannuzzi Leda
Published: April 2015

The effect of different fractions enriched in soluble fiber obtained from artichoke using citric acid or citric acid/hemicellulase on the selective growth ofLactobacillus plantarum8114 andBifidobacterium bifidumATCC 11863 was evaluated.
Application of handheld energy-dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometry to carbonate studies: opportunities and challenges
Authors: Quye-Sawyer Jennifer , Vandeginste Veerle , Johnston Kimberley J.
Published: April 2015

In situ rapid quantitative geochemical measurements of carbonate using handheld XRF.
Centrifugal step emulsification applied for absolute quantification of nucleic acids by digital droplet RPA
Authors: Schuler Friedrich , Schwemmer Frank , Trotter Martin , Wadle Simon , Zengerle Roland , von Stetten Felix , Paust Nils
Published: April 2015

Centrifugal step emulsification enables dead volume free emulsification, it was applied to the first digital droplet recombinase polymerase amplification (RPA).
Study on the inter- and intra-peptide salt-bridge mechanism of Aβ23–28oligomer interaction with small molecules: QM/MM method
Authors: Boopathi Subramaniam , Kolandaivel Ponmalai
Published: April 2015

A typical QM/MM approach divides the studied system into a QM core and a MM surround. The MM-treated part of Val24–Asn27 is shown in ribbon representation, and the QM core is highlighted in ball and stick form, where Asp23and Lys28interact with TPT.
1H NMR brain metabonomics of scrapie exposed sheep
Authors: Scano Paola , Rosa Antonella , Incani Alessandra , Maestrale Caterina , Santucciu Cinzia , Perra Daniela , Vascellari Sarah , Pani Alessandra , Ligios Ciriaco
Published: April 2015

While neurochemical metabolite modifications, determined by different techniques, have been diffusely reported in human and mice brains affected by transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSEs), this aspect has been little studied in the natural animal hosts with the same pathological conditions so far.
Synthesis and biodistribution of novel 99mTc labeled 4-nitroimidazole dithiocarbamate complexes as potential agents to target tumor hypoxia
Authors: Li Zhenxiang , Zhang Junbo , Jin Zhonghui , Zhang Weifang , Zhang Yanyan
Published: April 2015

99mTcO-N4IPDTC was prepared from a kit without the need for purification and would be a promising hypoxia imaging agent.
Synthesis and photoelectric performances of blue-green emitting iridium phenylpyridine complexes using N,N′-heteroaromatic ancillary ligands
Authors: Huixia Xu , Peng Sun , Dan Zhao , Tingting Yang , Yuying Hao , Hua Wang , Heping Shi , Bingshe Xu
Published: April 2015

Four (ppy)2Ir(N∧N) complexes were synthesized and the effects of their molecular structures on photoelectric performances were investigated in detail.
Scalable synthesis of the unusual amino acid segment (ADMOA unit) of marine anti-inflammatory peptide: solomonamide A
Authors: Kavitha Nerella , Chandrasekhar Srivari
Published: April 2015

A new approach has been developed for the synthesis of the unusual amino acid segment (ADMOA unit) of solomonamide A starting fromd-glucose.
Thiocyanation of BODIPY dyes and their conversion to thioalkylated derivatives
Authors: de Rezende Lucas Cunha Dias , de Melo Shaiani Maria Gil , Boodts Stijn , Verbelen Bram , Dehaen Wim , da Silva Emery Flavio
Published: April 2015

Thiocyanation and formation of thioalkylated BODIPYs is a simple and reliable way for their chemical modification and photophysical tuning.
Quantifying bacterial adhesion on antifouling polymer brushes via single-cell force spectroscopy
Authors: Rodriguez-Emmenegger Cesar , Janel Sébastien , de los Santos Pereira Andres , Bruns Michael , Lafont Frank
Published: April 2015

The adhesion forces between a single bacterial cell and different polymer brushes were measured directly with an atomic force microscope and correlated with their resistance to fouling.
Limitation factors for the performance of kesterite Cu2ZnSnS4thin film solar cells studied by defect characterization
Authors: Yin Ling , Cheng Guanming , Feng Ye , Li Zhaohui , Yang Chunlei , Xiao Xudong
Published: April 2015

PL, AS and DLCP have been performed to study the limitation factors for the performance of CZTS solar cells.
Synthesis of ammonia directly from wet nitrogen using a redox stable La0.75Sr0.25Cr0.5Fe0.5O3−δ–Ce0.8Gd0.18Ca0.02O2−δcomposite cathode
Authors: Amar Ibrahim A. , Lan Rong , Tao Shanwen
Published: April 2015

Introduction of Cr3+ions at the B-site of doped LaFeO3improves both the chemical stability and catalytic activity for ammonia synthesis.
Micro structure fabrication with a simplified hot embossing method
Authors: He Yong , Wu WenBin , Zhang Ting , Fu JianZhong
Published: April 2015

A facile hot embossing method—low pressure hot embossing (LPHE)—is reported in this paper.
Synthesis and characterization of RGO/zeolite composites for the removal of arsenic from contaminated water
Authors: Khatamian M. , Khodakarampoor N. , Saket Oskoui M. , Kazemian N.
Published: April 2015

The novel composite RGO/Cu-ZEA (1 : 1) (prepared from reduced graphene oxide (RGO) and Cu-exchanged zeolite A) revealed the highest efficiency for arsenic removal from contaminated water.
Ordered mesoporous hematite promoted by magnesium selective leaching as a highly efficient heterogeneous Fenton-like catalyst
Authors: Zheng Chunming , Cheng Xiangzhi , Chen Peipei , Yang Chuanwu , Bao Shoumin , Xia Jun , Guo Minglin , Sun Xiaohong
Published: April 2015

Selective leaching of Mg in Mg modified mesoporous hematite promotes highly efficient wet peroxide oxidation of methylene blue.
Hyaluronic acid–PEI–cyclodextrin polyplexes: implications for in vitro and in vivo transfection efficiency and toxicity
Authors: Jain S. , Kumar S. , Agrawal A. K. , Thanki K. , Banerjee U. C.
Published: April 2015

The present study reveals novel HA–PEI–CyD polyplexes as non-viral vectors for gene delivery.
Graphene oxide as a covalent-crosslinking agent for EVM-g-PA6 thermoplastic elastomeric nanocomposites
Authors: Wu Wenjing , Wan Chaoying , Zhang Yong
Published: April 2015

A novel polyamide 6 grafted ethylene-vinyl acetate rubber copolymer (EVM-g-PA6) was synthesized in the presence of graphene oxide (GO),viaa sequential ring-opening polymerisation and ester–amide exchange reaction.
Spheres-on-sphere silica microspheres as matrix for horseradish peroxidase immobilization and detection of hydrogen peroxide
Authors: Lei Zhen , Liu Xia , Ma Lina , Liu Dianjun , Zhang Haifei , Wang Zhenxin
Published: April 2015

Spheres-on-sphere (SOS) silica microspheres are employed as a matrix for horseradish peroxidase (HRP) immobilization. The SOS-COOH-HRP shows excellent catalytic performance and stability.
Decomposition mechanisms and kinetics of amine/anhydride-cured DGEBA epoxy resin in near-critical water
Authors: Gong Xianyun , Kang Hongjun , Liu Yuyan , Wu Songquan
Published: April 2015

A reaction mechanism based on the homolysis of the bonds of epoxy resins system in near-critical water was discussed. Based on the observed information, a probable macroscopic mechanism was proposed.
Electrical conductivity equations derived with the rate process theory and free volume concept
Authors: Hao Tian
Published: April 2015

Inspired by the Marcus theory of electron transfer, electrical conductivity equations without reference to any specific materials are derived on the basis of Eyring’s rate process theory and the free volume concept.
Morphogenesis of ZnO nanostructures: role of acetate (COOH−) and nitrate (NO3−) ligand donors from zinc salt precursors in synthesis and morphology dependent photocatalytic properties
Authors: Kumar Neeraj , Mittal Hemant , Reddy Leelakrishna , Nair Padmanabhan , Ngila Jane Catherine , Parashar Vyom
Published: April 2015

We investigated how the presence of one anion effects the overall ZnO growth in the presence of another anion.
Anisotropic optical properties of large-scale aligned silver nanowire films via controlled coffee ring effects
Authors: Zhou Weiping , Hu Anming , Bai Shi , Ma Ying , Bridges Denzel
Published: April 2015

Preparation of thin films with one-dimensional nanostructures and unique physical properties for high-performance electronic, optoelectronic, and electromechanical systems.
Light emission properties and self-assembly of a tolane-based luminogen
Authors: Zang Ying , Li Yi , Li Baozong , Li Hongkun , Yang Yonggang
Published: April 2015

Fluorescent micro/nanostructures were formed by self-assembly of a tolane derivative with intramolecular charge transfer and aggregation-induced emission properties.
Elucidation of the wettability of graphene through a multi-length-scale investigation approach
Authors: Amadei Carlo A. , Lai Chia-Yun , Esplandiu Maria José , Alzina Francesc , Vecitis Chad D. , Verdaguer Albert , Chiesa Matteo
Published: April 2015

Multi-length-scale approach was employed to attempt to reach univocal conclusions around the wettability of graphene exposed to environmental conditions.
Organic template-free synthesis of SAPO-34 molecular sieve membranes for CO2–CH4 separation
Authors: Shi Hua
Published: April 2015

Continuous SAPO-34 molecular sieve membranes have been synthesized in the absence of organic templates used for CO2–CH4 separation.
Formation of orthorhombic SnO2 originated from lattice distortion by Mn-doped tetragonal SnO2
Authors: Zhang Qian , Liu Peng , Miao Chunjie , Chen Zhiwen , Lawrence Wu C. M. , Shek Chan-Hung
Published: April 2015

In this article, orthorhombic phase SnO2 from Mn-doped tetragonal phase SnO2 has been successfully prepared by a chemical co-precipitation method.
Nanotoxicity of polyelectrolyte-functionalized titania nanoparticles towards microalgae and yeast: role of the particle concentration, size and surface charge
Authors: Al-Awady Mohammed J. , Greenway Gillian M. , Paunov Vesselin N.
Published: April 2015

We explore the effects of the particle size and the surface charge of polyelectrolyte-coated titania nanoparticles on their toxicity towards green microalgae and yeast cells in UV/vis light.
Development of a novel solid lipid nanoparticles-loaded dual-reverse thermosensitive nanomicelle for intramuscular administration with sustained release and reduced toxicity
Authors: Din Fakhar ud , Rashid Rehmana , Mustapha Omer , Kim Dong Wuk , Park Jong Hyuck , Ku Sae Kwang , Oh Yu-Kyoung , Kim Jong Oh , Youn Yu Seok , Yong Chul Soon , Choi Han-Gon
Published: April 2015

The DRTN was prepared with flurbiprofen-loaded SLNs, poloxamers and water. The suspension transformed into a hydrogel at body temperature. The rheological characterization, release, pharmacokinetics and morphology were evaluated.
Design and application of the recyclable poly(l-proline-co-piperidine) catalyst for the synthesis of mesityl oxide from acetone
Authors: Xu Lin , Huang Jiejun , Liu Yubing , Wang Yining , Xu Bolian , Ding Kehong , Ding Yuanhua , Xu Qing , Yu Lei , Fan Yining
Published: April 2015

A novel bi-component poly(l-proline-co-piperidine) catalyst was developed for the synthesis of mesityl oxide from acetone. The catalyst is more eco-friendly than traditional inorganic bases, avoiding the generation of corrosive solid, and the catalytic mechanism was studied.
Regioselective facile synthesis of novel isoxazole-linked glycoconjugates
Authors: Mishra Amrita , Mishra Bhuwan B. , Tiwari Vinod K.
Published: April 2015

One-pot regioselective synthesis of novel isoxazole-linked glycoconjugates, by the reaction ofin situgenerated glycosyl-β-nitrile oxide and different alkynes, has been devised.
Benzimidazolium-based chemosensors: selective recognition of H2PO4−, HP2O73−, F−and ATP through fluorescence and gelation studies
Authors: Ghosh Kumaresh , Kar Debasis , Sahu Debashis , Ganguly Bishwajit
Published: April 2015

Benzimidazolium-based receptors1and2exhibit sensing properties towards different anions such as H2PO4−, HP2O73−and F−under identical condition. Experimental results are correlated with the theoretical findings.
Substrate selective synthesis of pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyridines through [3 + 2] cycloaddition of N-aminopyridines and β-nitro styrenes
Authors: Ravi Chitrakar , Chandra Mohan Darapaneni , Naresh Kumar Reddy N. , Adimurthy Subbarayappa
Published: April 2015

Synthesis of 2 or 3-(hetero)aryl pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyridines through [3 + 2] cycloaddition ofN-aminopyridine with β-nitrostyrenes followed byin situdenitration under metal-free and mild conditions are described.
Tuning neuron adhesion and neurite guiding using functionalized AuNPs and backfill chemistry
Authors: Li Pinggui , Greben Kyrylo , Wördenweber Roger , Simon Ulrich , Offenhäusser Andreas , Mayer Dirk
Published: April 2015

Gold nanoparticles are used to investigate the dependence of neuron adhesion on the density of cell binding sites and particle backfill. Neurons viability and neurite development depend differently on cell attractive and cell repellant surface cues.
Poly(acrylonitrile-co-styrene sodium sulfonate-co-n-butyl acrylate) terpolymer based cation exchange membrane for water desalination via electrodialysis
Authors: Bhadja Vaibhavee , Chatterjee Uma , Jewrajka Suresh K.
Published: April 2015

One step synthesis of terpolymer-based cation exchange membrane for water desalination via electrodialysis.
Soft template mediated synthesis of Bi–In–Zn–S and its efficient visible-light-driven decomposition of methylene blue
Authors: Molla Aniruddha , Sahu Meenakshi , Kumar Yogendra , Hussain Sahid
Published: April 2015

Bi–In–Zn–S nanostructures were successfully synthesized in PEG-PPG-PEG at various temperatures and are used as recyclable photocatalysts for the degradation of methylene blue under visible light (sunlight and 200 W tungsten lamp).
Highly ordered mesoporous NiCo2O4with superior pseudocapacitance performance for supercapacitors
Authors: An Lei , Ren Qilong , Li Wenyao , Xu Kaibing , Cao Yunjiu , Ji Tao , Zou Rujia , Chen Zhigang , Hu Junqing
Published: April 2015

Highly ordered mesoporous NiCo2O4electrode material exhibited superior electrochemical performances with high specific capacitance and excellent cycling stability.
Side-chain engineering of benzodithiophene–thiophene copolymers with conjugated side chains containing the electron-withdrawing ethylrhodanine group
Authors: Chen Lixia , Shen Ping , Zhang Zhi-Guo , Li Yongfang
Published: April 2015

Four benzodithiophene–thiophene copolymers with conjugated side chains containing electron-withdrawing ethylrhodanine acceptor units were designed and synthesized. The PSCs based on the four polymers showed the highest PCE of 4.25%.
Low-bandgap thieno[3,4-c]pyrrole-4,6-dione-polymers for high-performance solar cells with significantly enhanced photocurrents
Authors: Zhang Cheng , Li Hui , Wang Jizheng , Zhang Yongfang , Qiao Yan , Huang Dazhen , Di Chong-an , Zhan Xiaowei , Zhu Xiaozhang , Zhu Daoben
Published: April 2015

Low-bandgap thieno[3,4-c]pyrrole-4,6-dione-polymers with proximal and distal configurations were synthesized for polymer solar cells.
Bottom-up and top-down methods to improve catalytic reactivity for photocatalytic production of hydrogen peroxide using a Ru-complex and water oxidation catalysts
Authors: Isaka Yusuke , Kato Satoshi , Hong Dachao , Suenobu Tomoyoshi , Yamada Yusuke , Fukuzumi Shunichi
Published: April 2015

Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) was produced from water and dioxygen using a Ru-complex photocatalyst and water oxidation catalysts of metal-containing nanoparticles produced in situ under visible light irradiation.
Ordered mesoporous titania from highly amphiphilic block copolymers: tuned solution conditions enable highly ordered morphologies and ultra-large mesopores
Authors: Stefik Morgan , Song Juho , Sai Hiroaki , Guldin Stefan , Boldrighini Patrick , Orilall M. Christopher , Steiner Ullrich , Gruner Sol M. , Wiesner Ulrich
Published: April 2015

Solubility guidelines enable the use of high molar mass block copolymers and ABC triblock terpolymers for the coassembly of titania nanostructures.
A dopant-free organic hole transport material for efficient planar heterojunction perovskite solar cells
Authors: Liu Yongsheng , Chen Qi , Duan Hsin-Sheng , Zhou Huanping , Yang Yang (Michael) , Chen Huajun , Luo Song , Song Tze-Bin , Dou Letian , Hong Ziruo , Yang Yang
Published: April 2015

Planar heterojunction perovskite solar cells using a dopant-free organic hole transport material have been developed and an efficiency of 14.9% has been demonstrated.