bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Role of Crystal Control Agent in the Formation of Needlelike Calcium Carbonate Nano Particles
Authors: Ye Yu Qian , Chen Xue Mei
Published: May 2011

In this work, needlelike precipitated calcium carbonate (PCC) nanometer particles were synthesized by industrial carbonation route using EDTA as crystal control agent. The morphological characterization shows that the as-synthesized needlelike PCC particles have an average diameter of 52 nm and an aspect ratio of around 14:1. The results indicate that EDTA plays a crucial role in the formation of needlelike PCC nanometer particles. A possible mechanism for the formation of needlelike PCC particles assisted by the crystal control agent EDTA is also proposed.
Magnetism Driven by Intrinsic Defect in GaN Nanowires
Authors: Sun Zhen Hui , Chen Lan Li , Xiong Zhi Hua
Published: May 2011

We have investigated the magnetic properties, the electronic structure, and the formation energy of wurtzite GaN nanowires (NWs) with gallium vacancies by using the density-functional theory. The NW has been constructed along the [0001] direction. It was found that Ga vacancies prior to reside on the NW surface due to the lower formation energy. Interestingly, it was found that the GaN NWs with a Ga vacancy can show induced local magnetic moment in N atoms, with a magnetic moment about 0.60 uB. The study of vacancy-vacancy interactions indicates that the NWs prefer ferromagnetic ground state. We further confirmed that the total magnetic moments can be increased by increasing the Ga vacancy concentration without significant energy cost. The theoretical results are in good agreement with the recent experimental observations. Our findings are helpful to gain a more novel understanding of structural and spin properties of Ga vacancy in wurtzite GaN NWs, and also provide a possible way to generate the low dimensional magnetic GaN nanostructures by introducing Ga vacancies instead of doping with transition-metal atoms.
Decoloration of Methylene Blue Via Mesoporous Silica Microspheres Doped with TiO2
Authors: Wei Hong Juan , Cao Yuan , Liu Bo Lin , Wang Xiao , Xu Yan Qin
Published: May 2011

Mesoporous silica microsphere was prepared by microwave hydrothermal synthesis，using hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB) as template agent and tetraethylorthosilicate (TEOS) as silica source. And mesoporous silica microspheres doped with TiO2 was prepared by sol-gel method. They were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), infrared spectroscopy (IR) and N2 adsorption-desorption analysis. Then methylene blue decoloration test was investigated to verify the mechanism proposed elsewhere, with respect to concentration, amount of samples, pH and light illumination. Results indicate that low concentration, large amounts of samples, alkaline and UV illumination are more favorable to adsorption, and TiO2/MSM has higher decoloration rate than MSM.
Study on Modification of the Banana Peel in the Extrusion
Authors: Du Bing , Jiao Yan Li , Li Yan Jie , Yin Guan Xiu , Yang Gong Ming
Published: May 2011

Using self-determined design of SPJ-40 experimental twin-screw extruder to extrude the banana peel is investigated in this study. Results revealed that the best extrusion conditions were: banana peel and starch at rate of 2:8, feed moisture at 16%, screw speed at 268r/min, extrusion temperature at 150°C, and feeding rate at 20r/min. The structures of the products were determined after the extrusion. The electron microscopy showed that the structure of the starch powders and fibers had been greatly damaged, leading to the great increasing of surface area of processed products. Compared to the raw material, the crystallinity of products was down to 13.06% from 19.85%, but soluble dietary fiber was increased by 30.3 percent. The final product tastes delicate with palatable aroma. Overall, this extrusion technology for processing banana peel has bright prospect in application.
Mechanical Properties and Morphologies of Rice Husk Silica/Epoxy Nanocomposites
Authors: Liu Xue Qing , Liu Ji Yan
Published: May 2011

Amorphous rice husk silica with purity of 99.3% and the specific surface area value of 212 mP2P/g was obtained by burning the dilute HCl treated rice husk at 600°C. After being modified with γ-glycidyloxipropyltrimethoxysilane (KH-550), silica particles with size ranging from 30 to 50 nm were obtained and subsequently used as filler to prepare epoxy-based nanocomposites with 0, 1, 3, 5 and 10 wt% silica content. The mechanical properties of the nanocomposites were characterized in terms of tensile and flexural test. The morphologies of fracture surfaces of nanocomposites were investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Depending on the silica content, the stiffness, strength and toughness of the nanocomposites can be increased more or less compared with neat resin.
Study on the Influence of Ultrasound on the Sulphitation and Neutralization Process in Cane Juice
Authors: Huang Yong Chun , Liu Zheng Xi , Zhao Xiao Jin , Yang Feng
Published: May 2011

The factors such as power, action mode and action time of ultrasound were studied about their effects on the sulphitation and neutralization process in cane juice. The best result was achieved when the ultrasound was applied at the power of 300 W and in the progress of neutralization. The result showed that ultrasound could help to improve the quality of clarified juice. Compared with those without ultrasound field, the residuals of Ca2+ and SO2 decreased by 4% and 21.4%, respectively, and the color value decreased by 10.2%, and apparent purity improved by 0.91% in average. The result of this study provided reference for the application of ultrasound in the sulphitation and neutralization process.
Influence of Post-Treatment with Methanol Vapor on the Properties of SF/P(LLA-CL) Nanofibrous Scaffolds
Authors: Zhang Kui Hua , Mo Xiu Mei
Published: May 2011

In order to improve water-resistant ability silk fibroin (SF) and SF/P(LLA-CL) blended nanofibrous scaffolds for tissue engineering applications, methanol vapor were used to treat electrospun nanofibers. SEM indicated SF and SF/ P(LLA-CL) scaffolds maintained nanofibrous structure after treated with methanol vapor and possessed good water-resistant ability. Characterization of13C NMR clarified methanol vapor induced SF conformation from random coil or α- helix to β-sheet. Moreover, treated SF/ P (LLA-CL) nanofibrous scaffolds still kept good mechanical properties. Methanol vapor could be ideal method to treat SF and SF/ P(LLA-CL) nanofibrous scaffolds for biomedical applications.
Preparation and Capability of Activated Carbons with High Specific Surface Area by Microbial Enzymatic and Chemical Activation
Authors: Wang Xing Min , Xu Long Jun , Xu Jiang He , Zhang Gui Zhi , Wu Shao Bo
Published: May 2011

High surface area activated carbon was prepared from waste tobacco after extracting nicotine with microbial enzymatic and chemical activation. Surface properties of the prepared carbons were performed using nitrogen adsorption, and the adsorption behavior of the prepared carbons under different operation conditions on methyl orange was investigated by a batch adsorption experiment. The experimental results show that: using waste tobacco 5.0035g and white- rot fungi volume is 2.0ml, under the conditions of enzymatic time of 36h, activation temperature at 600°C and activation time of 2h, the concentration of ZnCl2 activation is 20%,The BET surface area of carbons prepared reach 1356.53m2/g, the average aperture is3.78nm, and the hole dimension is0.17 ml/g. The adsorption amount on methyl orange of 43mg/L reach 4979.31mg/g, and it show high adsorption capacity.
Experimental Study on the Early Shrinkage-cracking Property of the Polypropylene Fibe Concrete
Authors: Xie Xian Song
Published: May 2011

Early shrinkage of concrete includes plastic shrinkage before the final setting, drying shrinkage during hardening process and autogenous shrinkage. Concrete drying shrinkage which is caused by evaporation is a major factor for the concrete volume change. By ring constrained test and free shrinkage CONCEN test, this paper studies the impact of polypropylene fibers on the shrinkage properties of concrete at the early age. The test shows that the polypropylene fibers can significantly reduce the early shrinkage of concrete, the best content of C30 concrete should be 0.9kg/m3.
Characterization, Physical Stability, and Dissolution Behavior of Naringenin / Mannitol Solid Dispersions Prepared by Solvent Evaporation Method with Three Drying Methods
Authors: Wang Guang Fa , Dai Chun Lan , Liao Zheng Gen , Zhao Guo Wei , Liang Xin Li , Yang Ming , Zhong Shao Jin , Zhang Nan
Published: May 2011

Solid dispersions (SD) were prepared with naringenin and mannitol by the solvent evaporation method with three drying methods (vacuum drying, VD; microwave-vacuum drying, MVD; and spray drying, SPD). The SD was characterized by Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), Powder X-ray Diffractometry (PXRD), Scanning Electronic Microscope (SEM), and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR).In vitrodissolution of naringenin and physical stability was investigated, and the energy consumption of different processing methods was measured. The results showed that the vitro dissolution rate and extent of naringenin was significantly improved by SD prepared with different drying methods compared to that of the pure drug and physical mixture (PM), and the dissolution rate of SD-SPD and SD-MVD was much higher than the SD-VD. The results of FT-IR showed that naringenin is possibly interacted with mannitol via intermolecular hydrogen bond; The PXRD showed that the crystallinity of the SD prepared with three drying methods was reduced sharply as compared with pure naringenin and PM. There results showed that the physical state of SD-MVD was more stable than SD-SPD and SD-VD that stored in the 40 °C/75% RH chamber in three month. Compared with other drying methods, the MVD method can save time and energy. These results suggest that MVD is feasible to replace the traditional time-consuming and low efficiency drying procedure for preparation of solid dispersions.
Applications of Computational Fluid Dynamics(CFD) in the Food Industry
Authors: Ren Hai Wei , Zhang Yi
Published: May 2011

The application of computational fluid dynamics(CFD) in the food industry such as drying, thermal sterilization, mixing, refrigeration and humidification of cold storage was reviewed. The results from previous studies have shown that CFD was a powerful numerical tool that is applied to model fluid flow situations and aid in the optimal design of engineering equipment and food process. With the development of computer technology, it is conceivable that CFD will continue to provide more explanations for physical modeling of fluid flow and process system design for the food industry.
Optimization of Reaction Conditions of Octenyl Succinic Anhydride Potato Starch and its Morphology, Crystalline Structure and Thermal Characterization
Authors: Han Shun Yu , Zhu Xia , Zhang Bo
Published: May 2011

The octenyl succinate starch is a stabilization-modified starch produced by esterification of native starch with octenyl succinic anhydride (OSA). When modified in this way the starch tends to improve its functional characteristics, can be used to tailor starch to specific food applications. Therefore, optimization of reaction conditions of octenyl succinate starch is critical for modification. The preparation of OSA starches from potato starch in an aqueous alkaline solution was investigated. The reaction conditions, including reaction temperature, OSA concentration, concentration of starch slurry, reaction time and pH, were studied and optimized, as they influence esterification. Under the optimization conditions, the degree of substitution (DS) could reach 0.01862. The products were confirmed by the presence of the carbonxylate signal around 1558 cm-1 in the fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectra. By scanning electron microscope (SEM), OSA starch granules were proved to transfer to some smaller anomalistic ellipses and had slight rough on their surfaces. X-ray diffraction showed that esterification occurred primarily in the amorphous regions and the crystalline pattern of starches did not change. The thermal characteristics of the OSA starch were studied by using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). TGA revealed that the OSA starch were thermally more stable than the native starch. The OSA starch exhibited 50 % weight loss at 320°C, while the native starch underwent 50 % weight loss at 312°C. The DSC results showed that amorphous region increased after esterification.
Effect of Emulsion Type Sizing Agents on the Properties of Carbon Fiber and Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer Matrix Composite
Authors: Chen Juan , Liu Jian Ye , Wang Dong Zhi
Published: May 2011

Emulsion type sizing agents for carbon fiber were prepared by phase inversion emulsification. Standing stabilization and particle size analysis measurements were used to characterize the sizing agents. Meanwhile, the processability and surface morphology of carbon fiber were investigated. The effect of sizing agents on interfacial adhesion of carbon fiber/resin composite was estimated by interlaminar shear strength(ILSS). The results showed that the sizing agent emulsified by polyoxyethylene nonylphenol ethers phosphate ester ammonium salt (NP-10 PA) and emulsifier 602 had good stabilization. The sizing agent could significantly improve processability of carbon fiber. SEM micrographs demonstrated that the sized carbon fiber had smooth surface. By adding epoxidized polybutadiene (EPB) and adjusting the ratio to epoxy resin (E-51), the flexibility of carbon fiber was ameliorated, the ILSS of composites was increased.
A Systematic Investigation on the Preparation of 2, 6-Diamino-3, 5-Dinitropyridine
Authors: Wang Yan Hong , Zhao He , Huang Y.D.
Published: May 2011

In this paper, the preparation of 2, 6-diamino-3, 5-dinitropyridine (DADNP) were systematically investigated. The optimal method was found. The key parameters have been systematically studied, such as the synthesis route, temperature, solvent, time, the reactant ratio, and the purification route. The optimal route was confirmed and would have an important reference for pilot plant scale-up.
The Residual Life Estimation of Thermo-Mechanical Fatigue of Coke Tower
Authors: Zhang Wen Xiao , Gao Guo Dong , Mu Guang Yu
Published: May 2011

In this paper, the tests of the thermo-mechanical fatigue of the material, cut from a coke tower were performed. The tower made of 20G has been in service for 20 years. Then, we calculated the temperature and stress-strain. The results showed that the tower can be in service for another four years．
Optimization of Preparation of Sweet Potato Starch Phosphates of High Paste Stability by Response Surface Methodology
Authors: Li Guang Lei , Lu Fei , Du Su Juan , Zeng Jie
Published: May 2011

The preparation of sweet potato starch phosphates which possess height stable paste was optimized in this study. A central composite design of response surface methodology involving phosphate (sodium dihydrogen phosphate and disodium hydrogen phosphate) concentration, the ratio of sodium dihydrogen phosphate and disodium hydrogen phosphate, phosphorylation temperature and urea concentration was used, and second-order model for paste stability was employed to generate the response surface. The optimum condition for preparation of sweet potato starch phosphates was as follows: phosphate concentration 4.89%, the ratio of sodium dihydrogen phosphate and disodium hydrogen 0.50, phosphorylation temperature 143°C, urea concentration 2.0%. The predicted value for paste stability of sweet potato starch phosphates at the optimum condition was 0.5721. Experimental verification gave values of 0.5708±0.0003.
Free-Radical Scavenging Capacity of Sasanquasaponin from Camellia Oleifera Abel
Authors: Qiu Song Shan , Wang Zhi Hui , Jiang Cui Cui
Published: May 2011

In this study, the antioxidant activity of sasanquasaponin fromCamellia oleifera Abel.was determined by various antioxidant assays. The results of reducing power of sample indicated sasanquasaponin were electron donors and could react with free radicals to convert them into more stable products, terminating the radical chain reactions.The results indicated that sasanquasaponin can clear active oxygen radicals producing in the chemical reactions and have stronger antioxidant ability. Therefore they could be used as natural antioxidant that are stable at high temperatures and can serve as substitutes for synthetic antioxidants.
Chitosanase Immobilization Using Composite Carrier of Sodium Alginate/Cellulose
Authors: Wang Yan , Zhang Chen Lu , Li Ping , Zhou Pei Gen , Pan Xiao Rong
Published: May 2011

Sodium alginate and cellulose were combined to use as a composite carrier forPseudomonassp. CUY8 chitosanase immobilization. For free enzyme, immobilized chitosanase within different carriers of sodium alginate and composite carrier, Km values were 1.919, 9.27, and 5.91µM, respectively. The increase of Km value of immobilized chitosanase with composite carrier was lower than that of single carrier. This indicates that the composite carrier of sodium alginate/ cellulose improves the affinity of chitosanase to the substrate. Furthermore, chitosanase immobilization using composite carrier shows improved thermal stability ranging from 65 to 80°C, and enzyme residual activities were more than 75%. The effects of ratio of enzyme to substrate on chitooligosaccharides (COS) production were determined, and COS yields with composite carrier was 68% at optimum ratio of 1:1. Since the immobilization process using composite carrier is simple and effective, this method could be used for the industrial production of COS.
Synthesis of Novel Drug Benvitimod
Authors: Gao Jun Gang , Zhang Yue , Zheng He Tang , Wang Chun Fang , Liu Hui Xian , Zhao Shu Chun
Published: May 2011

Benvitimod (3,5-dihydroxy-4-i-propylstilbene) is a novel drug developed for common skin disorders such as atopic dermatitis by Welichem Biotech Inc. in Canada and Celestial Pharmaceuticals (Shenzhen) Co. Ltd. in China. But the ideal synthesis method is not reported so far. Herein an efficient synthesis method which is operated under the mild conditions is reported. According this route, the total yield will reach 40.3 - 48.1% and the benefits of the improved method are easily operating and environment friendly.
Preparation and Properties of Thermosensitive 5-Fu-ACS Hydrogel
Authors: Li He Ping , Yu Tao , Liu Shao Peng , Li Shan , Qin Long
Published: May 2011

In the article, a new thermosensitive 5-Fu-ACS hydrogel was prepared as control release drug carrier, and its in vitro release capability in phosphate buffer solution (PBS) were determined by UV spectrum
Analysis of Main Flavor Substances of Low- and Full-Fat Cheese Fermented by Lactobacillus acidophilus during Ripening Process
Authors: Zhao Rui Xiang , Hu Cui Qing , Niu Sheng Yang , Sun Hua Di , Ge Xiao Hong
Published: May 2011

Low- and full-fat cheeses were fermented by Lactobacillus acidophilus and adjunct cultures Streptococcus thermophilus. After ripening for 90d at 4°C, the main flavor substances were determined by gas chromatograph. The results showed that more than 28 main flavor components were founded in full-fat cheese, and at least 19 were founded in low-fat cheese. In low-fat cheese, there was a higher content of 9-(Z)- octadecenoic acid and 10-hydroxy-octanoic acid methyl ester, which their relative mass fraction were 19.20% and 18.79% respectively. In full-fat cheese, there was a higher content of hexadecanoic acid methyl ester and 9-Octadecenoic acid(Z)-methyl ester, which their relative mass fraction were 24.27%and 23.37% respectively.
Phenolic Foam from Liquefied Products of Walnut Shell in Phenol
Authors: Huang Yuan Bo , Zheng Zhi Feng , Feng Hao , Pan Hui
Published: May 2011

The resol-type resin was prepared with a high yield from the liquefied products of walnut shell in phenol, which was reacted with formaldehyde under low alkaline conditions. The effects of reaction temperature and time on the yield and viscosity of the resol resin were investigated. Results showed that the optimum resol resinification conditions were a reaction temperature of 80°C and a reaction time of 2 h. The biomass-based resol resin from liquefied products of walnut shell was successfully applied to produce phenolic foam with diisopropyl ether as the blowing agent, Tween 80 as the surfactant and hydrochloric acid as the catalyst, respectively. The obtained foams showed satisfactory mechanical properties and a uniform fine cellular structure.
Study of Control for Phenol and Chlorophenols Sudden Pollution in Drinking Water by Using PAC Adsorption
Authors: Zhou Mo , Wu Hai Bo , Ren Gang , Li Ming Yu
Published: May 2011

Phenol and chlorophenols (CPs) are main toxic organic pollutants detected generally in source water. In the present studies, removal efficiency of phenol and CPs by using PAC adsorption was investigated, base on the control of drinking water sudden pollution. The results showed that the removal of phenol and CPs was essentially complete within 2 hours, and that the adsorption ratio in proper order was: 2, 4, 6- TCP > 2, 4- DCP > 2- MCP > PCP > phenol. The adsorption isotherm of phenol and CPs by PAC was consistent with the Freundlich and Langmuir adsorption mode. The study on the raw water collected from a lake in a university also provided the evidence that water quality affected the adsorption rate and adsorption capacity apparently. The phenol and CPs in sudden water pollution accidents was removed by addition of 20mgL-1 PAC. Results provided technical solution for water pollution accidents to cope with phenol and CPs sudden.
Preparation, Characterization and Evaluation In Vitro of Naringenin-PVP K-30 Solid Dispersions
Authors: Zhong Shao Jin , Wang Guang Fa , Dai Chun Lan , Liao Zheng Gen , Zhang Nan , Wang Chun Liu , Han Xi Zhen
Published: May 2011

Solid dispersions (SD) were prepared with naringenin and polyvinyl pyrrolidone k-30 (PVP k-30) by the solvent evaporation method with three drying methods (microwave-vacuum drying, MVD; and spray drying, SPD; vacuum drying, VD). The physical state was characterized by DSC, PXRD, SEM, and FT-IR. The results showed that the vitro dissolution rate and extent of naringenin was improved significantly by SD as compared with the pure drug and physical mixtures (PM). The results of FT-IR showed that naringenin is possibly interacted with PVP k-30 via intermolecular hydrogen bond, the results of DSC and PXRD showed that all of the SD prepared with three drying methods was completely amorphous. Compared with other drying methods, the MVD method can save time and energy. The physical state of SD prepared with the three drying methods that stored in the 40 °C/75% RH chamber was stable in three month. These results suggest that MVD is feasible to replace the traditional time-consuming and low efficiency drying procedure for preparation of SD.
Evaluation of Wondfo Chlamydia Trachomatis Rapid Diagnostic Cassette Based on Nano-Gold Immunochromatography Gssay（GICA）
Authors: Peng Yun Ping , Wang Ji Hua , Li Wen Mei , Wu Jun Lin , Yu Shu Juan
Published: May 2011

This paper explains and demonstrates how to evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of wondfo chlamydia trachomatis rapid diagnostic cassette with GICA for detection of chlamydia trachomatis. 1026 genital specimens were collected from 630 females and 396 males.Two cassettes of wondfo and ClearView were used for the detection of Chlamydia trachomatis samples with blind detection simultaneously, inconsistent results by DFA. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value of wondfo cassette were analyzed. Out of 1026 samples detected, 83 were positive by both of wondfo and ClearView and 13 showed different results by wondfo and ClearView. Out of the 13 samples, the DFA confirmed 9 were positive. Therefore, 92 samples were truly positive and 934 were truly negative. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value of wondfo were 96.74% ,99.6% , 95.7% , 99.68%, respectively. The consistent rates of test results of the chlamydia trachomatis rapid diagnostic cassette , wondfo and ClearView, both were the same 98.64%. Of the three standard strains and two clinical strains of dilution test results showed that the sensitivity of wondfo slightly ClearView.The sensitivity and specificity of wondfo for the detection of Chlamydia trachomatis have the accept tability for clinical diagnostic and surveillance data.
Study of the Effect of Electric Field on Superoxide Dismutase Activity by Spectroscopy
Authors: Xu Qiang , Wang Miao , Yang Zhi Huai
Published: May 2011

After the SOD was treated with different strength of electric field, the interactional mechanism of electric field on SOD activity was studied by circular dichroism. The activity of SOD was enhanced under the treatment by different strength of electric field. Circular dichroism spectra showed that the secondary structure of SOD was greatly changed by electric field, as β-sheet and β-turn contents decreased, while α-helix and random coil contents increased. It was considered that the increase of the α-helix structure near the active center would lead to the inactivation of SOD. The result of this study has important meaning to explain the biological effect of electric treatment seeds.
Discussion of Paleocene-Eocene Boundary of SanShui Basin
Authors: Chen Liang , Xie Yan Shi
Published: May 2011

Core SB-01 , located in SanShui Basin, contained two ostracode assemblages and two charophyte assemblages. Ostracode assemblages included Sinocypris nitela-Cyprois buxinensis-Limnocythere honggangensis assemblages (89.0-73.38m) and Sinocypris nitela-Cyprois buxinensis-Limnocythere honggangensis assemblages(73.38-0m); Charophyte assemblages consisted of Peckichara subspherica-Rhabdochara jiangduensis assemblages (89.0-73.38m) and Gyrogona qianjiangica-Obtusochara brevicylindrica（73.38-53.75m）assemblages. At 73.38 core depth, the abrupt change of microfossil assemblages took place, and δ13C and δ18O values of bulk carbonates also changed rapidly, the former decreased and the latter enhanced respectively. It consisted with the geological records of the Paleocene- Eocene Thermal Maximum ( PETM), hence Paleocene-Eocene boundary of SanShui Basin should be roughly placed at 73.38m core depth.
Dry Characteristics and Kinetics of Explosion Puffing Dried Crispy Winter Jujube at Different Vacuum Drying Temperature
Authors: He Xin Yi , Liu Jin Fu , Cheng Li Li , Wang Bu Jiang
Published: May 2011

Drying characteristics of crispy winter jujube dried by explosion puffing drying at different vacuum drying temperature were investigated. Selection of the best model was examined by comparing the determination of coefficient (R2), root means square error (RMSE), and mean relative percentage error (P) between the experimental and predicted values. As expected, higher drying rates were obtained with higher vacuum drying temperature. The results showed that the Modified Henderson and Pabis model provided better simulation of drying curves for crispy winter jujube according to thin-layer drying theory. The effective moisture diffusivity of crispy winter jujube dried by explosion puffing drying with higher vacuum drying temperature was higher than the others.
Study on the Leaching of Sodium Nitrate from Nitratine
Authors: Ma Xi Xi , Yuan Jian Jun
Published: May 2011

The technology on the leaching process of sodium nitrate from nitratine was developed in this work. The effects of leaching duration, solid-to-liquid ratio on the leaching were studied. The results show that the utilizable sodium nitrate leaching ratio from the nitratine reach 90.2%, for leaching duration of 15 minute and at the solid-to-liquid ratio of 1.0 g.g-1. A new scheme of step-by-step spray is advanced, according to the result of leaching repeatedly, which increased the concentration of lixiviation up to 29.58%( 400g.L-1) at 25°C. The results reported will be useful for leaching process design and control.
Antimicrobial Activities of Extracts of Apocynum venetum Fibers
Authors: Li Ming Hua , Han Guang Ting , Zhang Yuan Ming , Yu Jian Yong
Published: May 2011

The total content of flavonoids of extracts of Apocynum venetum (AV) fibers were determined by UV spectrophotometer. The antimicrobial activities of AV extracts were also tested using agar plate diffusion method. The results showed that the total content of flavonoids of extracts of AV fibers was 0.76 mg/g. The ethanol extract of AV fibers were partitioned by EtOH, n-BuOH and H2O. Each part was screened for antibacterial activities. The EtOH faction of extract was the most effective against Staphylococcus aureus, Staphyloccus edidernidis,Bacillus lentus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Candida albicans. The fractions of n-BuOH and H2O did not show any inhibitory effect on the tested bacterial and fungi. The present work is the foundation for further isolating and purifying the bioactive components in AV fibers.
Latrunculin a Enhances the Parthenogenetic Developmental Potentials of Electrically Activated Porcine Oocytes Matured In Vitro
Authors: Wang Jian Hui , Liu Dong Min , Liu Yong Le
Published: May 2011

The present study was carried out to determine the effect of latrunculin A (Lat-A) and FBS on the developmental potentials of electrically activated porcine oocytes maturedin vitro. Electrically activated MII oocytes were incubated for 2 hr in mPZM-3 supplemented either with 0、20 nM、1 μM Lat-A or 2.2 μg/ml cytochalasin B (CB). They were then removed and placed in mPZM-3 with or without 10% FBS (addition) on Day 4 for further development. The nuclear activation rate was significantly improved when activated oocytes were cultured in mPZM-3 with Lat-A (P<0.05). At higher dosage (1μM) of Lat-A, the extrusion of second polar body was inhibited while the cleavage rate increased significantly (P<0.05). Significant interaction between Lat-A and FBS supplementation on Day 4 was observed duringin vitrodevelopment (P<0.05). The hatched blastocyst rates and cell numbers per blastocyst were significantly enhanced with the supplementation of FBS (P<0.05). The blastocyst formation, hatched blastocyst rates and mean cell numbers per blastocyst of 1 μM Lat-A treatment with FBS supplementation were significantly higher than those of 20 nM Lat-A and CB treatments with FBS supplementation (P<0.05), but the individual effect of FBS supplementation was not observed on blastocyst formation in 20 nM and 1 μM Lat-A treatments. While significant difference was seen in blastocyst formation and cell numbers per blastocyst among all the treatments without FBS supplementation (P<0.05). These results indicate that Lat-A especially at the dosage of 1 μM can significantly improve the developmental potential of electrically activated porcine oocytes, and the FBS supplementation on Day 4 of development have an additional effect on porcine embryo development.
Effect of Ultrafine Pulverization on Properties of Apple Pomace Powder
Authors: Liu Jie Chao , Jiao Zhong Gao , Liang Xin Hong , Han Lei , Liu Hui
Published: May 2011

Ultrafine pulverization technology was applied for producing apple pomace powder, and the physical-chemical properties of the ultrafine powder including fluidity, water solubility, water holding capacity, fat binding capacity, and solubility of total phenolics and sugars were investigated. Results suggested that ultrafine pulverization had distinct effect on surface properties of apple pomace powder. With decreasing the size of apple pomace powder, the flow behavior and water solubility were improved, and the dissolubility of total phenolics and sugars increased significantly, while the water holding capacity and fat binding capacity decreased. These results would provide useful insight for exploiting the potential applications of apple pomace ultrafine powder in functional foods as well as extracting polyphenols and polysaccharides for commercial practices.
Antioxidant Activities of the Pyroligneous Acid in Living Caenorhabditis Elegans
Authors: Cai Ke Zhou , He Yu Jie
Published: May 2011

Pyroligneous acid (PA), obtained from charcoal production, has been reported excellent capability in antioxidant by chemical examination. However, the biological effect of PA in living animal is still unknown. In this study, a simple model organism, the nematodeCaenorhabditis elegans, was used as anin vivosystem to assess the biological effects of PA treatment. The worms were exposed to concentrated pyroligneous acid (CPA) and extraction (CPAE) thereof in a 0.5-5.0 mg/mL concentration and their brood size and germline cell apoptotisis were examined. The results showed that CPA and CPAE rescued the germline cell apoptosis induced by paraquat, a reactive oxygen species (ROS) generator. Additionally, CPA and CPAE did not show negative effect on the brood size and germline cell apoptosis in wild type at normal culture condition, suggesting safety of PA in living worms. To further scrutinize the antioxidant ability of PA, the apoptotic cell of germline induced by parapuat was assayed after treatment of 0.5 mg/mL CPA, CPAE, L-ascorbic acid and alpha-tocopherol. Treatment with CPAE or L-ascorbic acid could almost completely rescue the germline apoptosis to control level, indicating a potential material in food and biomedicine of PA.
Synthesis and Potent Biological Activity of 1-Sulfonyl Substituted Imidazole and Benzo[d]imidazole Compounds
Authors: Ren Yu Jie , Wu Fan Hong , Shu Chun Feng , Liu Ma
Published: May 2011

A new series of 1-sulfonly substituted imidazole compounds (containing 19 compounds) were synthesized and characterized by1HNMR,13CNMR and HRMS. 2d, 2e, 2h, 2i showed promising activities in animal test (in rats) for anti-inflammation. 2k - 2t were used in Chemokine Receptors CXCR4 receptor agonist Calcium assay showed no activities.
Chemical Composition of Broussonetia Papyrifera Flowers
Authors: Sun Jie , Zhang Chu Shu , Yu Li Na , Bi Jie , Liu Shao Fang , Zhu Feng , Yang Qing Li
Published: May 2011

Corolla and receptacle of Broussonetia papyrifera from South China were analyzed separately for chemical composition. In this plant’s corolla，the crude protein, crude fat and carbohydrates were 7.08％, 3.72％ and 64.73% respectively in dry weight. In the receptacle, the crude protein, crude fat and carbohydrates were 4.75％, 8.08％ and 67.03% respectively. Unsaturated fatty acids concentration was 68% of total fatty acids. The percentage of the essential amino acids (EAAs) in total amino acids was 34.52%in corolla and 27.96% in receptacle. Furthermore，many mineral celements composition and vitamins are rich in B. papyrifera flowers. In corolla, calcium is 10015 mg/kg, magnesium is 1989.6 mg／kg, zinc is 62.6 mg／kg, iron is 306.6 mg／kg, VE is 1.35mg/100g．These results suggest that, the fiowers could be used in dietary supplements preparations or as food additives.
The Research on Freeze-Thaw De-Emulsification Technology in Enzyme-Assisted Aqueous Extraction Processing
Authors: Li Yang , Jiang Lian Zhou , Sui Xiao Nan
Published: May 2011

Experiments were carried out to analysis optimization of freeze-thaw regression model with Response Surface Analysis Method. The optimal response result is: freeze temperature: -18°C, freeze time: 12.5h, thaw temperature: 57°C, released oil yield: 93.16%, total free oil yield rate: 89.28%. The mechanism of demulsification was studied using Micro-imaging, SEM cooling stage, DSC, FTIR spectrometer. DSSP was changed and part of hydrogen bond was broken and α－helix structure conversed to random coil during the freeze process were found the effective freeze-thaw method to destabilize the emulsion.
Extraction and Separation of Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitor from Enzymatic Hydrolysate of Oyster
Authors: Huang Ru Qiang , Li Niang Hui , Zeng Qing Zhu , Deng Qian , Chen Bin
Published: May 2011

The oyster shell was a common sort of marine shellfish, and its meat and shell serve as traditional medicinal materials. To invest the method in which ACEI (Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitor) can be prepared, this experiment took oyster as study objective, employed inhibitory coefficient as standard and utilized tryptase as an enzyme. Moreover, this study carried out the chromatogram separation of the hydrolysate by using Sephadex G-25, and measured inhibition coefficient as well as relative molecular weight distribution of ACEI from hydrolysate. The result showed that after the chromatogram separation, the highest activity was determined at the second elution peak at which the active coefficient of ACEI was 89.51%, and that the relative molecular weight distributed between 1842Da and 1396Da.
Antioxidant Activity of Flavonoids from Sweet Potato Vines In Vitro
Authors: Li Ying Chang
Published: May 2011

Flavonoids from Sweet potato vines are often regarded as a functional ingredient to promote nutritional value of food. In this study, the antioxidant activity of flavonoids from Sweet potato vines was evaluated by various methods with ascorbic acid as control standards. The results showed that flavonoids could inhibit lipid peroxidation, increase reducing power, scavenge hydroxyl free radicals, superoxide anions and DPPH radicals. Those antioxidant properties of the flavonoids depended on flavonoids content and increased with increasing of sample content. The flavonoids were better than ascorbic acids on inhibiting lipid peroxidation, but it was weaker than ascorbic acids on reducing power and scavenging hydroxyl free radicals, superoxide anions and DPPH radicals. ID50 (50% inhibiting dose) of inhibiting lipid peroxidation, scavenging hydroxyl free radicals, superoxide anions and DPPH radicals of the flavonoids was 17.48μg, 204.95μg, 139.02μg, 138.35μg separately. Therefore, the flavonoids from sweet potato vines is a kind of natural and effective antioxidant and free radical remover.
Effects of Improving Ripening Temperature on Gouda Cheese
Authors: Liu Hui Ping , Ji Ling , Yang Jie Fang , Li Li Hua
Published: May 2011

The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of improving ripening temperature on Gouda cheese. In order to evaluate the quality changes of Gouda cheese with different temperature (12°C,15°C,18°C) during its ripening period, the change of soluble nitrogen (SN）, protein hydrolysis, texture properties were measured. Ripening temperature had a significant effects on SN concentration and protein degradation. Results showed that the Gouda cheese with best quality was ripened at 15°C after 90d.
Upgrading of Methane from Biogas by Pressure Swing Adsorption
Authors: Zhou Wei Hong , Guo Ji Ping , Tan Hong Yan
Published: May 2011

The researches about upgrading of methane from biogas by pressure swing absorption are introduced in this paper. Biogas contains 55~70% methane (CH4) which is the main component of natural gas. If other components of biogas are removed, biogas is upgraded to SNG (Substitute Natural Gas). The processes of upgrading of methane from biogas by PSA or VPSA (Vacuum Pressure Swing Adsorption) are presented. Different techniques which are used for upgrading of biogas are evaluated. Finally, prospect about this process is made.
Study on Gas-Phase Catalytic Conversion of Turpentine-Based Dipentene (TBDP) by Pd/C Catalysts
Authors: Bi Liang Wu , Zhang Qiu Ge , Wang Peng , Zhao Zhen Dong , Li Da Wei , Chen Yu Xiang , Li Dong Mei , Gu Yan , Wang Jing , Liu Xian Zhang
Published: May 2011

Turpentine-based dipentene (TBDP) contains limonene 30.32 %, terpinolene 31.35 %,α-terpinene 7.55 %,γ-terpinene 6.40 % andp-cymene 12.87 %. Three Pd/C catalysts were characterized by BET, XRD, TG-DTG and atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS). The properties of the catalysts on TBDP conversion were compared. Difference of catalytic competitive reactions of TBDP by catalyst A with the change of reaction temperature was discussed in detail. The yield ofp-cymene at 280-310°C was over 95.0 %. It was important to control the reaction temperature for TBDP dehydrogenation catalyzed by Pd/C catalysts. It is valuable to probe the catalytic behaviors of Pd/C catalyst on TBDP dehydrogenation for research and development of efficient preparation technology ofp-cymene from TBDP.
Simulation for Silos Discharge with 2D DEM
Authors: Bi Shou Yi , Liang Xing Pei
Published: May 2011

In this paper, using the discrete element method (PFC2D)particle flow procedure to establish a model of cylindrical silo, in the warehouse filled with particles within the reach of static equilibrium state, then the record of its wall static lateral pressure measurement value, while monitoring the measured dynamic wall pressure during the silo discharging. It was shown that the static pressure as well as the dynamic pressure simulated with the numerical model is in good agreement with the experimental results. So the discrete element method can give a new way to study dynamic question of silos.
Determination of Prednisone Acetate at Trace Level by Flow Injection Analysis with Tris(1,10-Phenanthroline) Ruthenium(II) Chemiluminescence Detection
Authors: Gong Pi Xue , Liu Wei Hua , Liu Wen Wen , Du Kang , Liu Kang , Cao Wei
Published: May 2011

A simple, sensitive and rapid method for flow injection with chemiluminescence analysis has been developed for the determination of prednisone acetate at trace level. This method is based on the luminescent properties of the tris(1,10-phenanthroline) ruthenium(II)-potassium permanganate -prednisone acetate in acidic medium sensitized by Na2SO3. The optimized experimental conditions are evaluated. Under the optimum experimental conditions, the linear ranges of prednisone acetate are: 4.0×10-10~4.0×10-8g·mL-1and 4.0×10-8~2.0×10-7g·mL-1with a low detection limit is 4.5×10-11g·mL-1and the relative standard deviation for 1.0×10-8g·mL-1sample is 1.04% (n=11). The proposed method has been successfully applied to the determination of prednisone acetate in tablets.
Study on Biodegradable Implant with Poly (l-Lactic Acid) and its Releasing Character In Vitro
Authors: Huang Wei Dong , Li Sheng Fang , Zou Tao , Xia Xian You
Published: May 2011

To elucidate the effects of implants fabricated by three-dimensional printing (3DP) technologies, a novel technique enables the complex implant release profiles, precise dosage control and rapid formulation in a single form. In this study, a unique implant with polylactic acid-based polymer powders was developed by the process. Test of the morphology and the releasing experiments in vitro of the implants were done to evaluate the implant devices. At about 100-day release of the implants in vitro, the drug concentration was measured and the profiles were made. The morphology of the implants of both technologies was characterized by three dimensional stereoscopy and environmental scanning electron microscope. The release behaviour and the microstructure were detected to compare the effects. 3DP technology allows the design and fabrication of implants with a novel micro- and macro-architecture which cannot be fabricated or may be fabricated with many difficulties in conventional technology.
Study on Influence of Different Desulfurization Methods of Apple Slice
Authors: Liu Shu Xing , Wang Le , Yang Da Qing
Published: May 2011

In order to decrease the residue content of sulfite of apple slices, the desulfurization by water, alkali solution and ultrasonic were studied. Results showed that the optimal parameters of the orthogonal design for eliminating the sulfur by water were: 60°C of temperature, 1:6 of solid-liquid ratio, 45 min/time of water refresh cycle, 3h of time. In this optimal condition, the desulfurization was 96.054%, and the residue content of sulfite was 0.090 g/kg. While the optimum conditions of alkali method were: using 0.06% Ca (OH) 2 with the solid-liquid ratio 1:5.4 at 54°C. In this optimal condition, the desulfurization rate was 96.673%, and the residue content was down to 0.076g/kg.The optimal parameters for eliminating the sulfur by ultrasonic were: solid-liquid ratio1:6, treatment time 25 min, ultrasonic power 120w, temperature 35°C. In this optimal condition, the desulfurization rate was 97.418%, and the residue content of sulfite was only 0.059g/kg.
Effect of Polyolefin Film on the Quality of Kiwifruit with 1-MCP Treatment in Modified Atmosphere Packages
Authors: Li Xi Hong , Wang Cheng Jun , Wang Ai Li , Xiao Yao , Tang Yao , Li Wei Li
Published: May 2011

Kiwifruit is very perishable especially at 20 °C. The quality of kiwifruit with 1-MCP treatment stored at 20 °C in modified packages was investigated. Three different polyolefin films, including 0.03mm thickness polyethylene (PE), 0.03mm and 0.05mm thickness poly (vinyl chloride) (PVC) films, were used as packaging films. Kiwifruit were fumigated with 1-MCP to delay ripeness and then packaged with the three films and control (air). O2 and CO2 concentrations in the packages, flesh firmness, soluble solids concentration (SSC), titratable acidity (TA) and ascorbic acid were measured. MAP treatments could postpone the increase of TTS, inhibit the reduction of TA, and avoid the decrease of flesh firmness. Kiwifruit packaged in 0.05mm PVC obtained 33% TA more than control fruit and approximate 25 % retention of initial firmness. However, MAP didn’t maintain more ascorbic acid content of kiwifruit. In conclusion, MAP using polyolefin films combination 1-MCP treatment, especially 0.05mm PVC, might be more effective for preserving the quality of kiwifruit.
Effect of Cross-Linked Acetylated Starch and Native Starch on the Rheological, Microstructure and Sensory Properties of Apple Jam
Authors: Cui Bo , Zhao Na , Tan Cong Ping , Jin Zheng Yu
Published: May 2011

The rheological behavior of apple jam samples which were added native starch and cross-linked acetylated starch was studied respectively, in order to understand the effect of cross-linked acetylated starch and native starch on jam characteristics. The steady-state rheological behavior of jam was described adequately by the Herschel-Buckley (HB) model. The dynamic oscillatory test indicated that the sample which was added cross-linked acetylated starch and not added any gelling agents exhibited a viscoelastic behavior, but the sample which was added native starch exhibited a liquid behavior. The spreadability of apple jam added cross-linked acetylated starch was best and the overall acceptability was highest. Microstructure of apple jam was found to be composed of network and showed that the network was stronger by adding cross-linked acetylated starch, while weaker by adding native starch.
Kinetics on the Extraction of Polyphenol from Infructescence of Platycarya strobilacea sieb. et zucc
Authors: Li Dong , Li Wen Hong , Li Xue Kun , Fan Zheng , Gao Rong , Yan Sui Hong , Wang Feng
Published: May 2011

In this paper, 60% ethanol was used as solvent to extract polyphenol from infructescence ofPlatycarya Strobilacea Sieb.et Zucc(IPSSZ), and the mass transfer kinetics of polyphenol at different temperature was investigated. According to Fick’s second law of diffusion, the kinetic equation forIPSSZ.extraction process was established with plate model, and the parameters, such asK(rate constant),Ea(activation energy) were gained. The results can provide the valuable theory basis for the technical design and further research of total polyphenol extraction process.