bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Influence of Chemically Treated Hemp Fibre on the Mechanical Behavior and Thermal Properties of Polylactic Acid Made with FDM
Authors: Haroon Rashid N. I. , Meenakshi Reddy R. , Venkataramanan A. R , Poures Melvin V. D. , Thanikasalam A. , Elfasakhany Ashraf , Alemayehu Agonafir
Published: August 2022

Reinforcement with natural fibre has become a common place in a range of industries in the modern day. A polymer matrix can, however, boost the strength of the reinforcing element. When it comes to natural fibres and polymers, they simply do not mix because of their different hydrophobic and hydrophilic properties. However, because the polymer matrix is designed to be hydrophobic, the natural fibres are hydrophilic. This issue can now be rectified with alkalization and a silane binding agent. This technique of modifying natural fibres may result in both rise in surface roughness and a reduction in water attraction and moisture content. In this research, the effects of alkaline and silane treatment were demonstrated using mechanical testing and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). DSC and TGA tests were used to assess the materials’ chemical compositions and thermal properties. In comparison to other composites, those with a 2 percent silane treatment showed improved strength performance. Hemp fibre composites are expected to achieve great performance in industrial applications by enduring chemical treatment.
miR-99a-5p: A Potential New Therapy for Atherosclerosis by Targeting mTOR and Then Inhibiting NLRP3 Inflammasome Activation and Promoting Macrophage Autophagy
Authors: Wang Gang , Jing Shu-Yan , Liu Gang , Guo Xue-Jia , Zhao Wei , Jia Xin-Le , Zheng Ming-Qi , Tan Wen-Yun
Published: August 2022

Objective. MicroRNAs have been revealed to be involved in the development of atherosclerosis. The present study is aimed at exploring the potential of miR-99a-5p as a therapy for atherosclerosis. We suspected that miR-99a-5p might inhibit NLRP3 inflammasome activation and promote macrophage autophagy via constraining mTOR, therefore, alleviating atherosclerosis. Methods. The cell viability in ox-LDL-induced THP-1 macrophages was assessed by CCK-8 assay. Bioinformatic analysis was used to predict the target genes of miR-99a-5p. The binding between miR-99a-5p and mTOR was confirmed by luciferase reporter assay. In vivo, a high-fat-diet-induced atherosclerosis model was established in apolipoprotein E knockout mice. Hematoxylin-eosin, oil red O, and Sirius red staining were performed for the determination of atherosclerotic lesions. MTOR and associated protein levels were detected by Western blot analysis. Results. miR-99a-5p inhibited NLRP3 inflammasome activation and promoted macrophage autophagy by targeting mTOR. Enforced miR-99a-5p significantly reduced the levels of inflammasome complex and inflammatory cytokines. Furthermore, miR-99a-5p overexpression inhibited the expression of mTOR, whereas mTOR overexpression reversed the trend of the above behaviors. In vivo, the specific overexpression of miR-99a-5p significantly reduced atherosclerotic lesions, accompanied by a significant downregulation of autophagy marker CD68 protein expression. Conclusion. We demonstrated for the first time that miR-99a-5p may be considered a therapy for atherosclerosis. The present study has revealed that miR-99a-5p might inhibit NLRP3 inflammasome activation and promote macrophage autophagy by targeting mTOR, therefore, alleviating atherosclerosis.
Transmissible Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress Mediated by Extracellular Vesicles from Adipocyte Promoting the Senescence of Adipose-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Hypertrophic Obesity
Authors: Fang Jia , Li Li , Cao Xingguo , Yue Han , Fu Wanying , Chen Yi , Xu Zhiwei , Zhao Qiongrui , Zhao Jingge , Wang Yuebo , Liang Wulong
Published: August 2022

Hypertrophic obesity, characterized by an excessive expansion of subcutaneous adipocytes, causes chronic inflammation and insulin resistance. It is the primary feature of obesity in middle-aged and elderly individuals. In the adipose microenvironment, a high level of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and changes in the extracellular vesicle (EV) composition of adipocytes may cause the senescence and restrained differentiation of progenitor cells of adipose, including adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ASCs). In this study, a hypertrophic obesity mouse model was established, and the effects of adipocytes on the ER stress and senescence of ASCs were observed in a coculture of control ASCs and hypertrophic obesity mouse adipocytes or their derived EVs. The adipocytes of hypertrophic obesity mice were treated with GW4869 or an iron chelation agent to observe the effects of EVs secreted by adipocytes and their iron contents on the ER stress and senescence of ASCs. Results showed higher ER stress level and senescence phenotypes in the ASCs from the hypertrophic obesity mice than in those from the control mice. The ER stress, senescence phenotypes, and ferritin level of ASCs can be aggravated by the coculture of ASCs with adipocytes or EVs released by them from the hypertrophic obesity mice. GW4869 or iron chelator treatment improved the ER stress and senescence of the ASCs cocultured with EVs released by the adipocytes of the hypertrophic obesity mice. Our findings suggest that EV-mediated transmissible ER stress is responsible for the senescence of ASCs in hypertrophic obesity mice.
Clinical Value of Total Intravenous Anesthesia with Sufentanil and Propofol in Radical Mastectomy
Authors: Qu Lingyan , Wu Xiaoqing
Published: August 2022

Objective. To investigate the clinical value of sufentanil combined with propofol for total intravenous anesthesia (TIVA) in radical mastectomy. Methods. The data of 120 patients undergoing radical mastectomy of breast cancer in our hospital from February 2020 to February 2021 were retrospectively analyzed, and they were randomly assigned to the experimental group (EXG) (

n
=
60

) and the control group (COG) (

n
=
60

). The anesthesia maintenance scheme was 0.01–0.03 μg/(kg·min) of

sufentanil
+
80

–100 μg/(kg·min) of propofol in EXG and 3 μg/(kg·h) of

fentanyl
+
80

–100 μg/(kg·min) of propofol in COG. The hemodynamic indices, stress indexes, postoperative pain scores, and incidence of adverse reactions were compared between EXG and COG. Results. The heart rates (HR) and mean arterial pressure (MAP) after tracheal intubation (T2) and at separation of deep tissues (T3), tracheal extubation (T4), and the end of surgery (T5) were markedly lower in EXG than in COG (

P
<
0.001

). The stress indexes and postoperative pain scores at 1 h (T6), 6 h (T7), and 12 h (T8) after surgery were lower in EXG than in COG (

P
<
0.001

). The incidence of dizziness, headache, pruritus, and emergence agitation in EXG was lower compared with that in COG (

P
<
0.05

). Conclusion. Sufentanil combined with propofol for TIVA can stabilize intraoperative hemodynamic indices of patients undergoing radical mastectomy, alleviate perioperative stress response, and reduce pain perception. Therefore, this anesthesia method is safe and merits clinical promotion.
Application of User Experience Gene Extraction Model Based on Industrial Design
Authors: Yu Ziwei
Published: August 2022

Product design DNA is a new concept produced by applying the idea of genetic engineering to the field of industrial design, involving multiple knowledge fields, aiming to give products a unique shape and style image to build a brand. This paper systematically summarizes the current situation and progress of product design DNA research at home and abroad, focusing on the expression structure, application research progress, and research on key technologies. The law of DNA generation and derivation; explore the user’s cognitive mechanism for product design DNA; realize the connection between product design DNA reasoning and production. The designed user experience gene extraction based on industrial design provides new ideas for product design and has strong guiding significance.
23G Minimally Invasive Vitrectomy Combined with Glaucoma Drainage Valve Implantation and Phacoemulsification Cataract Extraction for Neovascular Glaucoma Secondary to Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy with Vitreous Hemorrhage
Authors: Shi XiaoLing , Dong Nuo , Liang Yuanyuan , Zheng Lin , Wang Xiaobo
Published: August 2022

Objective. To evaluate the clinical efficacy of the combined application of 23G minimally invasive vitrectomy, glaucoma drainage valve implantation, and phacoemulsification cataract extraction in the treatment of neovascular glaucoma (NVG) secondary to proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) combined with vitreous hemorrhage (VH). Methods. Eighty-three patients (91 eyes) with PDR diagnosed as NVG phase III complicated with VH from June 2018 to May 2020 were selected as the study subjects. The subjects were randomly divided into 3 groups: group A was treated with 23G minimally invasive vitrectomy combined with glaucoma drainage valve implantation; group B was given 23G minimally invasive vitrectomy combined with phacoemulsification cataract extraction; and group C was treated with 23G minimally invasive vitrectomy combined with glaucoma drainage valve implantation and phacoemulsification cataract extraction. The uncorrected visual acuity (UCVA), intraocular pressure (IOP), and iris neovascularization (INV) scores were recorded and compared among the 3 groups before and after operation, and then the postoperative pain relief and complications were observed. Results. Through observation, there was no significant difference in the UCVA, IOP, and INV scores in the 3 groups before operation. After the operation, the UCVA, IOP, and INV scores of the 3 groups were significantly lower than those before operation. After operation, the UCVA of the 3 groups increased first and then decreased, and it improved most significantly in the 3rd month after operation and decreased in the 4th month after operation. There were significant differences in UCVA among the 3 groups at each time point after operation. From the 1st day to the 6th month after operation, the IOP of the 3 groups showed an upward trend, and there was no significant difference among the 3 groups in IOP at each time point after operation. At the 1st, 3rd, and 6th months after operation, the INV score of group A and group B was higher than that of group C. There was no significant difference in the INV score between group A and group B. The incidence of complications was not significantly different among the 3 groups. Conclusion. 23G minimally invasive vitrectomy, glaucoma drainage valve implantation, and phacoemulsification cataract extraction can effectively improve the UCVA, IOP, and INV scores of NVG secondary to PDR with VH, and the combined application of the 3 methods has better security.
A CSI 300 Index Prediction Model Based on PSO-SVR-GRNN Hybrid Method
Authors: Chen Jialin , Yang Hanyin
Published: August 2022

In this article, a PSO-SVR-GRNN nonparametric hybrid model is proposed for the CSI 300 stock index to forecast the problem. Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) is utilized to optimize the parameters of the SVR model to enhance the prediction ability of the support vector machine's regression model for the original CSI 300 Index time series. The optimized residual sequence prediction results of the General Regression Neural Network (GRNN) are then used to optimize the time series prediction. The outcomes indicate that the PSO- SVR-GRNN model can greatly improve the prediction accuracy of the CSI 300 Index time series compared with individual models such as PSO-SVR, GRNN, GA-SVR, LSTM, PSO-LSTM, and SVR.
XAI-Based Reinforcement Learning Approach for Text Summarization of Social IoT-Based Content
Authors: Abdeljaber Hikmat A. M. , Ahmad Sultan , Alharbi Abdullah , Kumar Sudhir
Published: August 2022

The purpose of automatic text summarising technology is to condense a given text while properly portraying the main information in the original text in a summary. To present generative text summarising approaches, on the other hand, restructure the original language and introduce new words when constructing summary sentences, which can easily lead to incoherence and poor readability. This research proposes a XAI (explainable artificial intelligence)-based Reinforcement Learning-based Text Summarization of Social IoT-Based Content using Reinforcement Learning. Furthermore, standard supervised training based on labelled data to improve the coherence of summary sentences has substantial data costs, which restricts practical applications. In order to do this, a ground-truth-dependent text summarization (generation) model (XAI-RL) is presented for coherence augmentation. On the one hand, based on the encoding result of the original text, a sentence extraction identifier is generated, and the screening process of the vital information of the original text is described. Following the establishment of the overall benefits of the two types of abstract writings, the self-judgment approach gradient assists the model in learning crucial sentence selection and decoding the selected key phrases, resulting in a summary text with high sentence coherence and good content quality. Experiments show that the proposed model's summary content index surpasses text summarising ways overall, even when there is no pre-annotated summary ground-truth; information redundancy, lexical originality, and abstract perplexity also outperform the current methods.
Characterization of Humic Acids Isolated from Selected Soils of Livingston Island by CP/MAS 13C NMR and ESR Spectroscopy
Authors: Abakumov Evgeny , Yaneva Rositsa , Polyakov Vyacheslav , Zhiyanski Miglena
Published: August 2022

The tundra and tundra barrens of the maritime Antarctica represent a unique type of terrestrial ecosystem, geographically confined to the region of the Antarctic Peninsula and a number of surrounding archipelagos. Antarctic soils are underestimated in the quantity of organic matter (OM) pools, organic remnant humification/mineralization rates, and biogenic-abiogenic interactions. The structure of reserves for humic substances within the permafrost zone, as well as the role of the molecular composition of organic substances, are still poorly understood. In this study, we investigate humic acids of selected sub-Antarctic soils in terms of elemental and structural composition to evaluate OM stabilization degree and to assess carbon distributions in the molecules by solid-state CP/MAS 13C NMR and ESR spectroscopy. The results obtained show that the studied humic acids consist mainly of aliphatic structural fragments. According to ESR spectroscopy, it was noted that the most stable molecules by the data of ESR spectroscopy are formed in postornithogenic soils. In contrast, the average portion of the aromatic compounds is about 30% in humic acids, extracted from soils with evident ornithogenic effect.
Differential Susceptibility of the Gut Microbiota to DSS Treatment Interferes in the Conserved Microbiome Association in Mouse Models of Colitis and Is Related to the Initial Gut Microbiota Difference
Authors: Khan Israr , Bai Yanrui , Ullah Naeem , Liu Guanlan , Rajoka Muhammad Shahid Riaz , Zhang Chunjiang
Published: August 2022

Dysbiosis is a well-known factor in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). However, the discovery of a conserved microbiome association in colitis is largely unknown. The study’s goal was to look into a core microbiome linked to DSS-induced colitis in mice, which could aid in the development of microbiome-based diagnostics and therapeutics. The dextran sulfate sodium- (DSS-) induced acute colitis model was established in mice in a controlled experimental setting, and the gut microbial community analysis from fecal samples was carried out on the Illumina MiSeq platform using the 16S rRNA gene. The findings revealed that the gut microbiota’s overall structure had changed dramatically in mice with DSS-induced colitis. However, this change was not consistent across all groups, as evidenced by the linear discriminant analysis (LDA) score, which revealed that all DSS-treated groups D, M, TA, TC, and TH had different associated microbes as highly abundant taxa during the colitis period. Moreover, groups D and TA had more severe colitis pathology than the other groups. Finally, we discovered significant structural and compositional differences in the initial gut microbiota among DSS-treated groups, which could explain why each group’s associated microbiota pattern differed during colitis. In conclusion, the results showed that the gut microbiota alteration that occurred in DSS colitis is not confined to a specific core microbiome but varies concerning the group or individual animals’ initial gut microbiota structure and composition.
Complete Spontaneous Bone Regeneration following Surgical Enucleation of a Mandibular Cemento-Ossifying Fibroma
Authors: Shirafkan Saeed , Gholamian Mehdi , Rohani Ali , Mahmoudinezhad Sadaf Sadat , Razavi Mahshid , Moradi Kooshan
Published: August 2022

Background. Cemento-ossifying fibroma (COF) is a type of benign fibro-osseous tumor that mainly occurs in the maxillofacial region. Bone reconstruction after the surgery is often performed with bone transplantation. However, the present case report describes the accurate diagnosis and successful surgical resection of a COF with periosteum preservation, after which the defect was completely and spontaneously filled with the newly formed bone through a natural process. Case Presentation. A 32-year-old Iranian female patient presented with a history of gradual development of painful swelling, spontaneous pain, and lower lip and chin hypoesthesia in the lower third of the left side of her face. The dome-shaped swelling was tender. The patient was suffering from renal infection and urethral prolapse and was taking folic acid. She also mentioned a positive family history of similar swellings in her mother and uncle. Intraoral examination indicated a lesion in buccal and lingual vestibules extending from the first premolar to the third molar teeth. It had a firm consistency, and the covering mucosa was normal in terms of color and texture. The aspiration test was negative. The lesion had caused severe mobility of the second premolar and first and second molar teeth. Panoramic radiography revealed an extensive well-defined unilocular radiolucency. Significant knife-edge resorption of the first and second molar roots at the involved site and thinning of the alveolar crest and inferior border of the mandible were also clear. Cone-beam computed tomography showed severe expansion in the buccal and moderate expansion in the lingual aspect, causing thinning of both the buccal and lingual cortical plates. Histopathological analysis revealed neoplastic tissue mixed with fibrous connective tissue and several round and oval-shaped calcification foci. Immunohistochemical analysis confirmed the final diagnosis (COF) with the presence of SMA-8. The lesion was removed by enucleation and curettage, while the periosteum was carefully preserved. Fixation with screw and plate was also performed. Conclusions. Correct diagnosis of COF and precise implementation of the periosteal osteogenesis technique, in this case, resulted in entirely and spontaneously bone regeneration, which was a rare and favorable outcome with minimum cost and complications for the patient.
[Retracted] Research on Segmentation of Brain Tumor in MRI Image Based on Convolutional Neural Network
Authors: Feng Yurong , Li Jiao , Zhang Xi
Published: August 2022

Brain tumors are the brain diseases with the highest mortality and prevalence, and magnetic resonance imaging has high‐resolution and multiparameter. As the basis for realizing the quantitative analysis of brain tumors, automatic segmentation plays a vital role in diagnosis and treatment. A new network model is proposed to improve the accuracy of convolutional neural network segmentation of brain tumor regions and control the parameter space scale of the network model. The model first uses a convolutional layer composed of a series of 3D convolution filters to construct a backbone network for feature learning of input 3D MRI image blocks. Then, a pyramid structure constructed by a 3D convolutional layer is designed to extract and fuse features of tumor lesions and context information of different scales and then classify the fused feature at the voxel level to obtain segmentation results. Finally, a conditional random field is used to postprocess segmentation results for structured refinement. By designing massive ablation experiments to analyze the sensitivity of the essential modules of the comparison network, the results confirm that our method can better solve the problems faced by the traditional fully connected convolutional neural network.
A Denoising Method for Ship-Radiated Noise Based on Optimized Variational Mode Decomposition with Snake Optimization and Dual-Threshold Criteria of Correlation Coefficient
Authors: Li Yuxing , Xiao Luqi , Tang Bingzhao , Liang Lili , Lou Yilan , Guo Xinyao , Xue Xiaohui
Published: August 2022

The ship-radiated noise (SN) is easily affected by other hydroacoustic objects or complex ocean noise when it spreads through water. In order to reduce the impact from the environment, a denoising method for SN based on optimized variational mode decomposition with snake optimization (SO-VMD) and dual-threshold criteria of correlation coefficient (CC) is proposed in this paper. The first step is to optimize the parameter combination, that is, decomposition number K and penalty factor α, of variational mode decomposition (VMD) by snake optimization (SO) with envelope entropy (EE). Then, the input signal using the optimized results is decomposed and the intrinsic mode functions (IMFs) are obtained. After that, the IMFs are classified into three classes with the dual-threshold criteria of CC, including signal components, signal-noise components, and noise components. Finally, all the signal components and the processed signal-noise components denoised by wavelet threshold (WT) are reconstructed together. Simulations performed in this paper demonstrate that SO is the more appropriate optimization for VMD and the proposed method has the more outstanding performance in denoising different kinds of test signals. In addition, experiments on measured SNs show that the proposed method is effective and accurate in denoising.
[Retracted] Exploration and Analysis of the Educational Management of University Students in the Context of Environmental Constraints
Authors: Teng Jing
Published: August 2022

In order to solve the problem of the educational management of university students in the context of environmental constraints, a method based on the exploration and analysis of the educational management of university students in the context of environmental constraints was proposed. The method was combined with practical thinking, by which big data analysis strategies were introduced and the evaluation index system in the educational management of university students was explored. With the help of empirical testing, it was verified that whether the on‐campus information system can bring benefits to the educational management of university students. At the same time, the method of summary analysis was used, with the training set parameters 8000 and the testing set parameters 4000. The data within the information management system were elaborated by the way of formula to ensure the stable operation of the new management system and avoid mistakes in the educational management work of university students. It aimed at increasing the application of teaching staff with high comprehensive quality ability to ensure that it had strong comprehensive benefits. And then the exploration and analysis of the educational management of university students was completed under the background of environmental constraints.
The Predominance of a Specific Genotype of Cryptococcus neoformans var. Grubii in China and Japan
Authors: Zhu Jian , Cao Jiafei , Li Tingying , Liu Qi , Kang Yingqian , Chen Zhenghong , Meyer Wieland , Mikami Yuzuru , Long Mei
Published: August 2022

Background. The extensive deployment of molecular genotyping methods is the top reliable keyword to characterize the population genetic structure of C. neoformans in the past decade. However, studies involving genotypic analysis of C. neoformans var. grubii from China and Japan are limited. Objectives. We address this challenge to determine the genotype distribution of C. neoformans var. grubii strains from China and Japan. Methods. Genotypic analysis of 52 C. neoformans var. grubii isolates was performed using multilocus microsatellite typing (MLMT) based on the sequence analysis of 3 functional genes. In order to place the herein-studied strains into the global picture, 22 strains randomly selected from the 52 strains studied by MLMT were also analyzed by restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis of the orotidine monophosphate pyrophosphorylase gene (URA5-RFLP), M13 PCR-fingerprinting, and multilocus sequence typing (MLST). Results. MLMT classified 46 (88.5%) of the 52 strains as genotype MLMT-17. The high prevalence of the MLMT-17 type was observed for environmental and clinical isolates from China and Japan. URA5-RFLP analysis, M13 PCR-fingerprinting, and MLST showed that most of these belong to the VNI/ST5 (M5) genotype. Conclusions. Our study suggests the predominance of a specific genotype of C. neoformans var. grubii in China and Japan.
Glycine Improved Cryopreserved Spermatozoa Quality in Achai Bull
Authors: Nazif Muhammad Sohail , Rehman Zia ur , Khan Humayun , Khan Farhan Anwar , Hussain Tarique , Ahmad Adnan , Farmanullah  , Husnain Ali , Muhammad Safdar , Murtaza Ghulam , Gang Liu
Published: August 2022

Achai is a small size cattle breed, resilient to harsh and cold environment. Cryopreservation of Achai bull semen may help to improve its genetics and preserve the germplasm. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) affects the structural and functional integrity of the spermatozoa. During freezing and thawing processes, the ROS make changes in the spermatozoa quality parameters and reduce total antioxidant capacity (T‐AOC) of semen that is considered as marker of oxidative stress. This study was designed to determine the effect of glycine along with vitamin E on post‐thawed spermatozoa quality and total antioxidant capacity in Achai cattle. The semen collection was done twice a week from four mature fertile Achai cattle bulls (n = 4). The glycine was utilized as 0 mM, 5 mM, 10 mM, 15 mM, and 20 mM along with vitamin E @ 2.3 mM added constantly in each concentration. The control group contained all extenders except glycine. The results revealed that post‐thawed spermatozoa motility was found significantly higher (P < 0.05) at 10 mM as compared to 5 mM, 15 mM, and 20 mM. Compared with control group, glycine concentration at 10 mM and other concentrations increased progressive and fast motility (%), curvilinear, straight line, and average path velocity (μm/s). Moreover, beat cross frequency (Hz) was higher (P < 0.05), and post‐thaw viability (%), plasma membrane integrity, and mitochondrial membrane potential were significantly higher (P < 0.05) at 10 mM of glycine concentration in comparison to control and other glycine concentrations. Besides, acrosome integrity (%) and DNA integrity (%) as well as post‐thawed T‐AOC were also significantly higher (P < 0.05) at 10 mM of glycine concentration as compared to other glycine concentrations and control group. It is concluded that 10 mM of glycine along with vitamin E @ 2.3 mM improved cryopreserved semen quality of Achai bull.
mRNA-Modified FUS/NRF2 Signalling Inhibits Ferroptosis and Promotes Prostate Cancer Growth
Authors: Wang Ning , Yu Ying , Wang Rongjiang , Chen Yu , Tang Jianer
Published: August 2022

Objective. Regarding the imperfect mechanism of occurrence and development of prostate adenocarcinoma (PRAD), this study investigated mRNA-modified FUS/NRF2 signalling to inhibit ferroptosis and promote prostate adenocarcinoma growth. Methods. Bioinformatics analysis was used to obtain the expression of FUS and its mRNA modification in PRAD. The expression of FUS in prostate cells (CRPC) and the level of m6A methylation modification, ferroptosis (P53 and GPX4), apoptosis (Caspase3), ferroptosis (P53 and GPX4), and apoptosis (Caspase3) in CRPC after ferroptosis inducer Erastin, ferroptosis inhibitor, and FUS knockdown were detected. Autophagy (LC3B), oxidative stress (GSH and ROS), and expression of NRF2/HO-1 pathway are indicators. Results. FUS was highly expressed in PRAD and phenomenally reduced the survival rate of patients. After knocking down FUS, the level of m6A methylation was significantly reduced, and the expressions of ferroptosis markers P53 and GPX4 were phenomenally reduced, while the levels of apoptosis and autophagy markers Caspase3 and LC3B remained unchanged. Upregulated and NRF2/HO-1 pathway indicators were upregulated. It shows that m6A methylation modification is reduced when FUS is the low expression, inhibits the expression of P53 and GPX4, downregulates GSH, upregulates ROS, activates the NRF2/HO-1 pathway, and promotes ferroptosis to inhibit the occurrence of RPAD. Conclusions. The increase of m6A methylation modification can increase the expression of FUS, thereby promoting the expression of P53 and GPX4, upregulating GSH, downregulating ROS, inhibiting the NRF2/HO-1 pathway, inhibiting ferroptosis, and promoting the growth of PRAD.
Effect of CICARE Communication Mode on Disease Uncertainty, Self-Nursing Ability, and Quality of Life in Patients with Coronary Atherosclerotic Heart Disease after Percutaneous Coronary Intervention
Authors: Hu Hui , Zhang Ayong , Wang Zhen
Published: August 2022

Objective. To study the effect of CICARE (Connect, Introduce, Communicate, Ask, Respond, Exit) communication mode on disease uncertainty, self-nursing ability, and quality of life in patients with coronary atherosclerotic heart disease (CAD) after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Methods. From January 2021 to December 2021, 102 patients with CAD after PCI were randomly divided into a research group (

n

 =51) and a control group (

n

 =51). The former received CICARE communication model nursing intervention, and the latter received routine doctor-patient communication nursing. To study the scores of disease uncertainty scale (MUIS), Frankl treatment compliance scale (Frankl), self-care ability scale (exercise of self-care-a), quality of life scale (WHOQOL-BREF), and Newcastle nursing satisfaction scale (NSNS) before and 1 week after nursing. Results. After one week of nursing, the MUIS score of the research group was lower than that of the control group, and the score of Frankl treatment compliance scale of the research group was higher than that of the control group. After 1 week of nursing, the ESCA score of the research group was higher compared to the control group (

p
<
0.05

), and the WHOQOL-BREF score of the research group was higher compared to the control group (

p
<
0.05

). After one week of nursing, the NSNS score of the research group was higher compared to the control group (

p
<
0.05

). Conclusion. The application value of CICARE communication mode nursing intervention in patients with CAD after PCI is more remarkable, and it is more helpful to reduce patients’ disease uncertainty, enhance treatment compliance, promote patients’ self-nursing ability, and strengthen quality of life and nursing satisfaction.
Techno-Economic Assessment of Voltage Sags Mitigation in Distribution System Connected to DGs
Authors: Tantawy Elham M. , Badran Ebrahim A. , Abdel-Rahman Mansour H.
Published: August 2022

The penetration of DG in electrical distribution systems has many benefits. The paper highlights the impact of DG penetration at different load centers and different operating conditions in a distribution feeder. The impact of DG penetration on feeder voltage profile that depends on the size and location of DG in the system is illustrated. Mitigating methods are used to reduce the effect of voltage disturbances. Economic assessment studies are used for assisting in the economic choice of mitigating methods. Economical aspects of distribution systems connected to DGs are considered through the analysis of the life cycle cost of these distribution generation sources. Maintenance strategies are illustrated and discussed to keep these sources always ready for operation regarding minimization of maintenance cost. Technical and economical assessments depend on the availability of historical data for disturbances cost including damages and cost of disturbance mitigation using different mitigation methods. These data are difficult to be available for different types of loads. Therefore, load indices, K1, K2, and K3, are proposed in this paper for the different loads as referring it to reference load has available data to overcome the challenge of data shortage. Also, a techno-economic assessment index F is proposed for the assessment of the impact of mitigating device improving cost and its feasibility. PSCAD/EMTDC simulation software package is used in this analysis. The results show that the proposed techno-economic assessment methodology facilitates the decision of choosing the mitigation method for power quality problems and to overcome the challenge of data shortage in the techno-economic assessment.
Novel Diagnostic Biomarkers Related to Oxidative Stress and Macrophage Ferroptosis in Atherosclerosis
Authors: Li Minhui , Xin Siyuan , Gu Ruiyuan , Zheng Lin , Hu Jie , Zhang Ruijing , Dong Honglin
Published: August 2022

Atherosclerosis (AS) is a chronic inflammatory disease, which has a complex interplay between altered immune metabolism and oxidative stress. Therefore, we aimed to determine the oxidative stress and immune-related biomarkers in AS. Differential gene expression analyses are based on the GSE100927 dataset in the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO), and 389 oxidative stress (OS) genes are identified based on gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA). We identified 74 differentially expressed genes related to oxidative stress (DEOSGs). “CIBERSORT” and “WGCNA” R Packages were used to compare the differences in immune infiltration levels between AS and control samples. The DEOSGs (

N
=
74

) were intersected with the key module’s genes of WGCNA (

N
=
972

), and 27 differentially expressed immune-related oxidative stress genes (DEIOSGs) were obtained. To identify the pivotal genes, a protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was constructed using the STRING database and the Cytoscape software. MMP9, ALOX5, NCF2, NCF, and NCF4 were identified as diagnostic markers of AS, and we validated them in the GSE57691 dataset. The expression levels of the five diagnostic genes were significantly highly expressed in the AS group. Correlation analysis and single-cell analysis revealed that five diagnostic genes were mainly correlated with macrophages M1. We, respectively, intersected differentially expressed genes (DEGs) with ferroptosis gene set, necroptosis gene set, and pyroptosis gene set. The findings suggested that ALOX5 and NCF2 were differentially expressed genes of ferroptosis. High expression of five hub genes in RAW264.7 macrophages were confirmed by PCR. High ALOX5 and NCF2 expression levels in plaque tissues were confirmed by immunohistochemistry (IHC) and western blotting. Our study identified that MMP9, ALOX5, NCF2, NCF1, and NCF4 were diagnostic genes of AS and associated with oxidative stress. ALOX5 and NCF2 may be involved in the formation of the necrotic core in AS by regulating macrophage ferroptosis.
Exploring the Impact of ACE Inhibition in Immunity and Disease
Authors: Oosthuizen Delia , Sturrock Edward D.
Published: August 2022

Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) is a zinc-dependent dipeptidyl carboxypeptidase and is crucial in the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) but also implicated in immune regulation. Intrinsic ACE has been detected in several immune cell populations, including macrophages and neutrophils, where its overexpression results in enhanced bactericidal and antitumour responses, independent of angiotensin II. With roles in antigen presentation and inflammation, the impact of ACE inhibitors must be explored to understand how ACE inhibition may impact our ability to clear infections or malignancy, particularly in the wake of the coronavirus (SARS-CoV2) pandemic and as antibiotic resistance grows. Patients using ACE inhibitors may be more at risk of postsurgical complications as ACE inhibition in human neutrophils results in decreased ROS and phagocytosis whilst angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) have no effect. In contrast, ACE is also elevated in certain autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis and lupus, and its inhibition benefits patient outcome where inflammatory immune cells are overactive. Although the ACE autoimmune landscape is changing, some studies have conflicting results and require further input. This review seeks to highlight the need for further research covering ACE inhibitor therapeutics and their potential role in improving autoimmune conditions, cancer, or how they may contribute to immunocompromise during infection and neurodegenerative diseases. Understanding ACE inhibition in immune cells is a developing field that will alter how ACE inhibitors are designed in future and aid in developing therapeutic interventions.
A Novel MAGDM Approach Based on Cubic
q
-Rung Orthopair Fuzzy Power Generalized Maclaurin Symmetric Mean Operator
Authors: Khan Qaisar , Garg Harish , Khattak Hizbullah , Al-Babtain Abdulhakim A. , Elbatal I. , Elgarhy Mohammed
Published: August 2022

The cubic

q

-rung orthopair fuzzy set (Cq-ROFS) is a basic simplification of several fuzzy notions, including fuzzy set (FS), interval valued FS (INVFS), intuitionistic FS (INTFS),

q

-rung orthopair FS (q-ROFS), and INV

q

-rung orthopair FS (INVq-ROFS). By the degrees of INVq-ROFS and q-ROFS, Cq-ROFS exposes fuzzy judgement, and this is one of the advanced mathematical tools to handle more complicated assessment information in multiple attribute group decision-making (MAGDM) problems. In this article, firstly, encouraged from power average (PA) operator, generalized MSM operator, and generalized dual MSM operator, two novel aggregation operators (AOs) such as cubic

q

-rung orthopair fuzzy power generalized Maclaurin symmetric mean (Cq-ROFPWGMSM) operator and cubic

q

-rung orthopair fuzzy power generalized dual Maclaurin symmetric mean (Cq-ROFPWGDMSM) operator are initiated by merging PA operator with GMSM and GDMSM operators and some core characteristics of these AOs are investigated. Furthermore, some core cases with respect to different general parameters values are also investigated and found that some aggregation operators are special cases of the initiated AOs. Secondly, the weighted form of these newly initiated aggregation operators is also offered. Thirdly, two MAGDM models are offered based on Cq-OFPGWMSM and Cq-ROFPGWDMSM operators. Lastly, a numerical example about the selection of the best assistant professor of the year is taken as an application to show the effectiveness and capability of the initiated approaches. There is also a comparison with existing decision-making models.
Vision-Based Branch Road Detection for Intersection Navigation in Unstructured Environment Using Multi-Task Network
Authors: Ahn Joonwoo , Lee Yangwoo , Kim Minsoo , Park Jaeheung
Published: August 2022

Autonomous vehicles need a driving method to be less dependent on localization data to navigate intersections in unstructured environments because these data may not be accurate in such environments. Methods of distinguishing branch roads existing at intersections using vision and applying them to intersection navigation have been studied. Model-based detection methods recognize patterns of the branch roads, but are sensitive to sensor noise and difficult to apply to various complex situations. Therefore, this study proposes a method for detecting the branch roads at the intersection using deep learning. The proposed multi-task deep neural network distinguishes the branch road into a shape of rotated bounding boxes and also recognizes the drivable area to consider obstacles inside the box. Through the output of the network, an occupancy grid map consisting of one branch road at an intersection is obtained, which can be used as an input to the existing motion-planning algorithms that do not consider intersections. Experiments in real environments show that the proposed method detected the branch roads more accurately than the model-based detection method, and the vehicle drove safely at the intersection.
The Comparison of Life Quality between Ultrasound-Guided High-Intensity Focused Ultrasound and Laparoscopic Myomectomy for the Treatment of Uterine Fibroids
Authors: Yuan Bilin , Qin Xinyi , Xi Jie
Published: August 2022

Objective. This study is aimed at comparing the uterine fibroids patients’ postoperative living quality between ultrasound-guided high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) and laparoscopic myomectomy. Materials and Methods. A total of 164 patients were included with uterine fibroids who underwent laparoscopic myomectomy and HIFU in Cangzhou Central Hospital from September 2020 to November 2021. This study divided these objects into HIFU group and laparoscopic group, and both groups were followed up 6 months after surgery. After obtaining the results, Uterine Fibroid Symptom and health-related Quality Of Life questionnaire (UFS-QOL) and 36-Item Short Form Health Survey (SF-36) were performed before and after treatment to assess patient outcome. Results. After treatments, the living quality in both groups was significantly improved compared with that before surgery, which had statistical significant (

P
<
0.05

). After treatment, the scores of the two scales in HIFU group were significantly better than those in the laparoscopic group (

P
<
0.05

). Conclusion. In comparison with laparoscopic myomectomy, ultrasound-guided high-intensity focused ultrasound could improve the life quality of patients more effectively than traditional laparoscopic myomectomy and was helpful to the recovery and prognosis of uterine fibroids after treatment. The outcomes will provide a reference for clinicians to select a more appropriate treatment for uterine fibroids.
Characterization of Immune-Related Alternative Polyadenylation Events in Cancer Immunotherapy
Authors: Wang Gaoyang , Xie Zuozhong , Su Juan , Chen Meishan , Du Yanhua , Gao Qian , Zhang Guanxiong , Zhang Hailun , Chen Xiang , Liu Hong , Han Leng , Ye Youqiong
Published: August 2022

Alternative polyadenylation (APA) is an important posttranscriptional modification commonly involved in tumor development. However, the functional roles of APA in tumor immunity remain largely unknown. Here, we performed an in-depth analysis of the 3′UTR usage of protein-coding genes and tumor immune response in 10,303 tumor samples across 31 cancer types to develop the immune-related APA event (ImmAPA) score pipeline, an integrated algorithm to characterize the regulatory landscape of APA events in cancer immunity–related pathways. Tumor-specific ImmAPAs that strongly correlate with immune cell infiltration and immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) treatment–related biomarkers were identified. Among these ImmAPAs, the top-ranking COL1A1 3′UTR usage was strongly associated with worse prognosis and tumor immune evasion. Furthermore, a machine learning approach to construct an ICB-related ImmAPA score model predicted immunotherapy efficacy. Overall, the characterization of immune-related APA that corresponds to tumor progression and tumor immunity highlights the clinical utility of APA events as potential biomarkers in cancer immunotherapy.

Significance:

Elucidation of the landscape of immune-related alternative polyadenylation in cancer identifies alternative polyadenylation events that may play a role in immune modulation and immunotherapy efficacy.
89Zr-panitumumab Combined With 18F-FDG PET Improves Detection and Staging of Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Lee Yu-Jin , van den Berg Nynke S. , Duan Heying , Azevedo E. Carmen , Ferri Valentina , Hom Marisa , Raymundo Roan C. , Valencia Alex , Castillo Jessa , Shen Bin , Zhou Quan , Freeman Laura , Koran Mary Ellen , Kaplan Michael J. , Colevas A. Dimitrios , Baik Fred M. , Chin Frederick T. , Martin Brock A. , Iagaru Andrei , Rosenthal Eben L.
Published: August 2022

Purpose:

Determine the safety and specificity of a tumor-targeted radiotracer (89Zr-pan) in combination with 18F-FDG PET/CT to improve diagnostic accuracy in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC).

Experimental Design:

Adult patients with biopsy-proven HNSCC scheduled for standard-of-care surgery were enrolled in a clinical trial and underwent systemic administration of 89Zirconium-panitumumab and panitumumab-IRDye800 followed by preoperative 89Zr-pan PET/CT and intraoperative fluorescence imaging. The sensitivity, specificity, and AUC were evaluated.

Results:

A total of fourteen patients were enrolled and completed the study. Four patients (28.5%) had areas of high 18F-FDG uptake outside the head and neck region with maximum standardized uptake values (SUVmax) greater than 2.0 that were not detected on 89Zr-pan PET/CT. These four patients with incidental findings underwent further workup and had no evidence of cancer on biopsy or clinical follow-up. Forty-eight lesions (primary tumor, LNs, incidental findings) with SUVmax ranging 2.0–23.6 were visualized on 18F-FDG PET/CT; 34 lesions on 89Zr-pan PET/CT with SUVmax ranging 0.9–10.5. The combined ability of 18F-FDG PET/CT and 89Zr-pan PET/CT to detect HNSCC in the whole body was improved with higher specificity of 96.3% [confidence interval (CI), 89.2%–100%] compared to 18F-FDG PET/CT alone with specificity of 74.1% (CI, 74.1%–90.6%). One possibly related grade 1 adverse event of prolonged QTc (460 ms) was reported but resolved in follow-up.

Conclusions:

89Zr-pan PET/CT imaging is safe and may be valuable in discriminating incidental findings identified on 18F-FDG PET/CT from true positive lesions and in localizing metastatic LNs.
Preclinical Characterization of AZD5305, A Next-Generation, Highly Selective PARP1 Inhibitor and Trapper
Authors: Illuzzi Giuditta , Staniszewska Anna D. , Gill Sonja J. , Pike Andy , McWilliams Lisa , Critchlow Susan E. , Cronin Anna , Fawell Stephen , Hawthorne Glen , Jamal Kunzah , Johannes Jeffrey , Leonard Emilyanne , Macdonald Ruth , Maglennon Gareth , Nikkilä Jenni , O'Connor Mark J. , Smith Aaron , Southgate Harriet , Wilson Joanne , Yates James , Cosulich Sabina , Leo Elisabetta
Published: August 2022

Purpose:

We hypothesized that inhibition and trapping of PARP1 alone would be sufficient to achieve antitumor activity. In particular, we aimed to achieve selectivity over PARP2, which has been shown to play a role in the survival of hematopoietic/stem progenitor cells in animal models. We developed AZD5305 with the aim of achieving improved clinical efficacy and wider therapeutic window. This next-generation PARP inhibitor (PARPi) could provide a paradigm shift in clinical outcomes achieved by first-generation PARPi, particularly in combination.

Experimental Design:

AZD5305 was tested in vitro for PARylation inhibition, PARP-DNA trapping, and antiproliferative abilities. In vivo efficacy was determined in mouse xenograft and PDX models. The potential for hematologic toxicity was evaluated in rat models, as monotherapy and combination.

Results:

AZD5305 is a highly potent and selective inhibitor of PARP1 with 500-fold selectivity for PARP1 over PARP2. AZD5305 inhibits growth in cells with deficiencies in DNA repair, with minimal/no effects in other cells. Unlike first-generation PARPi, AZD5305 has minimal effects on hematologic parameters in a rat pre-clinical model at predicted clinically efficacious exposures. Animal models treated with AZD5305 at doses ≥0.1 mg/kg once daily achieved greater depth of tumor regression compared to olaparib 100 mg/kg once daily, and longer duration of response.

Conclusions:

AZD5305 potently and selectively inhibits PARP1 resulting in excellent antiproliferative activity and unprecedented selectivity for DNA repair deficient versus proficient cells. These data confirm the hypothesis that targeting only PARP1 can retain the therapeutic benefit of nonselective PARPi, while reducing potential for hematotoxicity. AZD5305 is currently in phase I trials (NCT04644068).