bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Performing on and off the Stage: The Place(s) of Performance in Arts-Based Approaches to Qualitative Inquiry
Authors: Gray Ross E.
Published: April 2003

This article is about performance, especially as it is revealed through arts-based approaches to qualitative inquiry. Three layers of performance are highlighted. First, there is the layer of the artistic performance itself—with a focus on the author’s work with research-based drama. Then there is the layer of performance having to do with promoting the original artistic event. To best reveal the dangerous immediacy of this type of performance, the author includes in the body of the text a transcript from an interview with him conducted on national radio, about one of his dramas. Finally, there is the performance in everyday life of the arts-engaged researcher, revealed through descriptions of his responses prior to, during, and following the radio interview.
Voices From the Garden: A Performance Ethnography
Authors: Thorp Laurie
Published: April 2003

Dad died. He wasn’t supposed to. Not yet. We had hoped for one more summer together in the garden. It was not to be. Then, there was the dissertation; none of it made sense anymore. Until, until—the sages (Annie Dillard, Peter Reason, Orlando Fals-Borda, and so many others) whispered in my ear that human inquiry should “work along the nerve of our most intimate sensitivity.” Here was permission to write my way through this loss. The gift of the garden was what I was left with and where I must move forward. And who knew so many little ones were waiting to come home.
Women’s Accounts of Domestic Violence Versus Tactics-Based Outcome Categories
Authors: Gondolf Edward W. , Beeman Angie K.
Published: April 2003

This study compared battered women’s accounts of violence with tactics-based outcomes to assess the measurement limitations in predicting recurring violence. Accounts of 536 incidents were collected from 299 women at batterer program intake and at 3-month intervals over a 15-month follow-up. Each incident was coded using a sequential, situational model of violence, and the incident codings were summarized for each woman. The components of violent incidents did not correspond to any particular tactics-based outcomes. The female partners of men who repeatedly reassaulted them were, however, less assertive than those of non-reassaulters. A small subgroup did commit unrelenting and excessive violence across the reassault categories.
A Comparison of Risk Factors for Intimate Partner Violence–Related Injury Across Two National Surveys on Violence Against Women
Authors: Thompson Martie P. , Saltzman Linda E. , Johnson Holly
Published: April 2003

This study compares risk factors for intimate partner violence–related injury across two national data sources on violence against women, the Canadian Violence Against Women Survey and the National Violence Against Women Survey in the United States. After equating the data sets as much as possible on the types of violence experienced and risk factors, the authors determined which risk factors in each data source predicted injury and compared the magnitudes of associations between risk factors and injury across the data sets. The article presents results on bivariate and multivariate findings, model fit across the data sets, and statistical comparisons of findings across the data sets. Obtaining convergent findings across data sources on risk factors for injury will allow public health practitioners to intervene more effectively with women at risk for experiencing violence-related injuries perpetrated by spouses.
Comparative Urban Governance
Authors: DiGaetano Alan , Strom Elizabeth
Published: April 2003

This article develops an integrated framework for comparing urban governance cross nationally. Joining together structural, cultural, and rational actor approaches to cross-national comparison, it explains the institutional milieux of urban governance in the United States, Great Britain, France, and Germany. Comparison of public-private partnership arrangements in cities of these four countries is used to demonstrate the utility of this integrated framework.
The Critical Role of the Base Curve for the Qualitative Behavior of Shearable Rods
Authors: Antman Stuart S. , Schuricht Friedemann
Published: April 2003

In this paper, we treat several aspects of the induced geometrically exact theory of shearable rods, of central importance for contact problems, for which the regularity of solutions depends crucially on the presence of shearability. (An induced theory is one derived from three-dimensional theory by the imposition of constraints. Because the role of thickness enters into our theory in an essential way, it is an exact version of what has been called the theory of “moderately thick” rods.) In particular, we study how the theory and constitutive restrictions depend upon the choice of the base curve, and we show how this choice has major qualitative consequences, which are illustrated with several concrete examples.
Borderlands: A Blurring of Two Worlds—Implications for International Home Health
Authors: Roberts Elaine , Ross Carl A.
Published: April 2003

The 2000-mile border between the United States and Mexico has been the subject of much discourse in relation to economics, immigration, and human rights issues. Home health care professionals who choose to practice in the 42 km border region are faced with a uniquely diverse practice setting. As persons of different cultures in the border area experience daily contact due to the ease of border crossing, challenges arise in providing culturally congruent care to the millions of people who live in this unique, multicultural area. Annually, an estimated 200 million persons cross the border to work, shop, visit relatives, and partake in other experiences on either side of the border, leading some to refer to the area as “Amexica.” This cultural mix has implications for providers of health care in the border communities. Understanding the complexities of the border region will enable international health care professionals to provide culturally congruent care to the residents of this dynamic area. This article explores the implications of providing culturally congruent care to residents of the area along the border area between the United States and Mexico.
The Caregivers’ Story: Home Caregiving for Persons with Dementia
Authors: Kelly Ann Wilde , Buckwalter Kathleen Coen , Hall Geri , Weaver Amy L. , Butcher Howard K.
Published: April 2003

This study identified the salient issues of caregiving for family members of persons with dementia using computer-assisted content analysis followed by factor analysis. Differences in responses between caregivers in two treatment groups were also noted. Caregivers (N = 226) were interviewed on three occasions over 12 months. They consistently identified the following themes of caregiving in order of significance: (a) making meaning of the experience; (b) defining the caregiver role; (c) identifying specific caregiving strategies; (d) dealing with change, unpredictability, and vulnerability; (e) evaluating past and future decisions and quality of care; and (f) finding help and support. This representation of the caregiving experience is useful to home care nurses by providing a framework to address issues most important to caregivers and upon which therapeutic interventions can be developed.
Youthful Aging: A Medical Wellness System for Home Health Care
Authors: Kobritz Nicci
Published: April 2003

A look at a wellness-focused approach to aging, this article presents home health care from a new perspective. Client-centered physician partnering in caring for the aging at home is featured in this article on meeting the independence needs of the elderly.
Lessons from a Dog Musher
Authors: Whitman Jeannie
Published: April 2003

Through the analogy of an Alaskan Iditarod dog-mushing team, this article will identify how the critical elements of motivation, understanding, synergy, and hunger underscore the vital role motivation plays in the delivery of quality care and positive outcomes. Whether it is in the thorough completion of a care assessment at intake or discharge or the education of a patient, all outcomes seek to measure and promote the “best practices” in care. Successful outcomes and the impetus to maintain standards of excellence regardless of circumstances stem from the out-growth of what researchers call intrinsic motivation. The personal nature of motivation is explored as well as the critical role that planning plays in sustaining personal and professional mastery.
Outcome-Based Quality Improvement: The Future for Home Care Quality Improvement Activities from an Agency Perspective
Authors: Bennett Catherine
Published: April 2003

Outcome-Based Quality Improvement will give home care agencies an opportunity to demonstrate that they provide quality care to their patients and that services received in the home can and do affect patient outcomes. This information will also facilitate the identification of clinical practice behaviors that should be reinforced or investigated and changed to enhance the quality of care received by home care patients. The collection of Outcome and Assessment Information Set data and their accuracy take on new meaning, significance, and importance as this initiative takes root.
High-Tech Care in a Hospice Setting
Authors: Plettau Laurie L. , Palmer Cora
Published: April 2003

Technology calls for health care providers to become more skilled in giving care; this carries over to all clinical areas, including home care hospices. Hospice patients are now requiring more high-tech care to remain at home and have their symptoms managed adequately. We, as nurses, can no longer just care for the dying patient in the home without being up-to-date and well-informed of different intravenous access devices, feeding tubes and pumps, and high-risk management for multiple medical diagnoses. In many cases, an early referral into hospice can allow for a much more beneficial and insightful experience by all people involved. A case study is presented on a patient who received high-tech care yet high-touch, empathetic hospice care.
The Epidemiology of Pain
Authors: Jennings P. J.
Published: April 2003

Inadequate pain relief is a global concern for patients and practitioners. Many barriers still exist within the health care system to properly assess and treat pain. This article identifies the need to properly assess pain and develop a treatment plan that includes a discussion with the patient. Pain is not always cured and requires medical management the same as any other disease process.
Improving Pain Management at the End of Life in the Home Care Environment
Authors: Childress Susan B. , Stromness Anne R.
Published: April 2003

Pain management for terminal or end-of-life patients in the home environment is an important quality-of-life issue. Providers in home care have a responsibility to evaluate the quality of their pain management and make changes as necessary to meet patient needs and national guidelines. This article explores some of the specific challenges seen in the home care environment and makes suggestions for addressing these challenges.
Organizing Against Multinational Corporate Power In Cancer Alley
Authors: Berry Gregory R.
Published: April 2003

This article documents how a small, oppressed, and seemingly powerless community in Louisiana persevered to defeat the strategic plans of a multinational chemical company that was supported by local and state government elites. The evolving construct of environmental justice played a significant part in this battle as community groups formed coalitions with local, state, and national agents and organizations to challenge the decision to site a hazardous facility. Lawsuits resulted in costs, lengthy delays, and uncertainty for the corporation, leading Shintech to abandon its original site of choice. Data were gathered from media archives and coded and analyzed using grounded theory methodology. Implications of the study are discussed for stakeholder theory, environmental justice scholars, and community advocacy groups, as it is even more clear from this landmark case that noxious industries can be thwarted as they attempt expansion, start-up, or even permit renewal, especially in minority or economically deprived communities.
Hierarchy, Domination, Nature
Authors: White Damian Finbar
Published: April 2003

The work of Murray Bookchin stands as one of the most ambitious attempts in recent times to produce a post-Marxist critical social theory that places ecological concerns at its core. This article argues that this richly elaborated theory has highlighted the distinct limitations of "high modernist" formulations of historical materialism and liberalism. However, it is also maintained that Bookchin's "organic society" thesis and his theorising about social hierarchy, social domination, and the domination of nature ultimately suffer from significant theoretical and empirical inconsistencies. Bringing Bookchin's more valuable insights into dialogue with the recent interface between "historical-geographical materialism" and poststructuralism, a dynamic, discontinuous view of eco-social relations is recommended that recognises that human societies are always involved in the production, reproduction, and enframing of disruptive, active, and generative natures. How forms of social domination relate to these processes is viewed as complex, contingent, and spatially and historically varied.
Capital-Intensive Privatization
Authors: Watson Douglas J. , Hassett Wendy L.
Published: April 2003

The City of Auburn, Alabama, a university city of 45,000, privatized its wastewater treatment facilities in the early 1980s. At the time, the city was faced with outdated wastewater facilities that were built in the 1950s. Overflows from the many pump stations into local creeks were common occurrences. Federal financial assistance was several years away because of Auburn’s lower priority on the funding list, and interest rates were very high for municipal bond issues. Federal tax law favored private investment in public facilities so the city choose a private company to build, own, and operate two new treatment plants. In 2001, the city purchased the treatment facilities from the private owner because it needed to expand treatment capacity and build a major new sewer line. This article presents the case study of the privatization and subsequent return to public ownership of a capital-intensive privatization project of the early 1980s.
Freight Transportation Policy
Authors: Field Mary
Published: April 2003

A significant effort is underway within the federal, state, and local transportation community to address the highway needs for freight transportation into the 21st century, but more can and should be done. Identification of deficiencies and implementation of strategies to improve the highway component of the system are essential to avoidgrid lock as the number of vehicles using the system continues to increase. This article identifies some significant freight generators and many initiatives underway to address the highway side of freight transport. A national best practices inventory wouldbe useful for policy makers. This article focuses on the highway component of the transportation system in the United States andthe increasing demand for capacity resulting from domestic and international commerce in a global economy. It provides an overview of various factors and events of significance affecting traffic operations on the highway andillustr ates examples of how transportation leaders are attempting to cope.
Evaluating The Credibility Of Current State Policy In Governing The Management Of Stormwater Pond Sediment
Authors: Watkins Curtis E. , Gowan T. Dave , Walker Kim , Freeman Richard
Published: April 2003

Florida state policy—not promulgated regulation—governs stormwater pond sediment disposal, considers sediment a solid waste, and restricts disposal to specific facility types. The policy’s restrictions and lack of regulatory criteria provide no disposal management options for local government. The unnecessarily restrictive state policy prompted the city of Tallahassee to conduct a stormwater pond sediment study to determine whether existing sediment is contaminated, if land use can provide guidance in evaluating disposal options, and whether acceptable disposal alternatives exist. Study findings reveal that considerable variation of contaminant concentrations exists, that land-use features influence contaminant concentration, and that all ponds do not contain or are not likely to contain sediment contaminated to a level requiring restrictive disposal. Findings compared with regulatory criteria reveal public health and the environment can be protected without the current state policy provided local government examines sediment and considers restrictions.
Benchmarking Airline Service Performance
Authors: Bowen Brent , Headley Dean E. , Lu Chien-Tsung
Published: April 2003

The Airline Quality Rating (AQR) was first announced in the early 1990s as an objective mechanism of measuring airline service performance based on multiple selected criteria important to air travel consumers. Since then, AQR results have assisted the government in decision making and airlines in measuring service quality. Initially, annual AQR reports used weighted averages and monthly performance data in the areas of on-time arrivals, involuntary denied boardings, mishandled baggage and a combination category of customer complaints for which major airline comparative performances were reported. To further strengthen the significance of national AQR results, this article revisited AQR data sets and benchmarked four former reports. This article contains an introduction of benchmarking technique, AQR data collection and calculation, benchmarked results, and charts that help to track comparative service quality for major U.S. airlines’ domestic operations.
A Dozen Reasons For Gasoline Taxes
Authors: Wachs Martin
Published: April 2003

Motor fuel taxes at state and federal levels have traditionally been earmarked for transportation investments, supporting road construction, maintenance, operations, and increasing public transit. Recently, elected officials have been reluctant to raise fuel taxes despite increases in the cost of transportation programs. Other forms of support, especially borrowing and local sales taxes, are playing larger roles in transportation finance. Raising fuel taxes would be more effective, efficient, and equitable than the alternatives that are increasingly more popular.
Decommodification and Homicide Rates in the 20th-Century United States
Authors: Batton Candice , Jensen Gary
Published: April 2003

This study uses time-series regression techniques to examine the impact of decommodification on homicide rates in the United States from the institutional anomie perspective. Although recent studies have examined the impact of decommodification on cross-national variations in homicide rates, little attention has been paid to historical trends in this relationship. Our findings support institutional anomie theory when decommodification is conceptualized as a historically variant and contextual variable. No support was found for more intricate specifications measuring annual variation in the level of decommodification, and no support was found for alternative modes of periodization. Finally, the results also point to a temporal shift in the correlates of homicide rates between the two distinct historical periods, and the results have methodological implications for conducting time-series analyses.
A Longitudinal Analysis of the Welfare-Homicide Relationship
Authors: Chamlin Mitchell B. , Cochran John K. , Lowenkamp Christopher T.
Published: April 2003

Drawingon the social altruism and social threat hypotheses, the present investigation challenges prior macro-level studies that assume that there is a nonrecursive relationship between welfare transfers and the aggregate level of homicide. The bivariate autoregressive integrated moving average analyses of the number of individuals receiving Aid to Families With Dependent Children (AFDC) benefits and total and disaggregated counts of homicide reveal no evidence of simultaneity bias. However, as predicted by social altruism theory, the results support the conclusion that prior research is probably tainted by offense aggregation bias. That is, the number of AFDC recipients is, as predicted, negatively associated with the level of familial homicides but is not associated with either the level of nonfamily, felony-related, nonfelony-related, or total homicides. The implications of these findings for the welfare-crime relationship are discussed.
The Interchangeability of Homicide Data Sources
Authors: Baller Robert D. , Messner Steven F. , Anselin Luc , Deane Glenn
Published: April 2003

The authors extend the work of Wiersema, Loftin and McDowall (2000) by assessing the interchangeability of Supplemental Homicide Report (SHR) and National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS) homicide rates in the context of spatial analysis. Conclusions drawn from spatial analyses may be affected by the choice of data source if the underrecording of homicide tends to cluster in geographic space more strongly in one data source than the other. Such a situation could alter indications of homicide rate clustering and substantive conclusions drawn from multivariate spatial regression models. Results indicate that although these data sources are interchangeable for urban counties, spatial effects and the effects of social structural factors vary by data source for rural counties.
Forces of Production and Direction
Authors: He Ni , Cao Liqun , Wells William , Maguire Edward R.
Published: April 2003

This research examines the utility of the stream analogy of lethal violence. Based on frustration/aggression thesis and attribution thesis, expanded integrated models of total lethal violence and the suicide-homicide ratio are proposed. Using updated cross-national data, the results of regression analysis indicate that income inequality and economic development remain to be the predictors for the direction of lethal violence expressed as suicide, as the stream analogy predicts, after the divorce rate and unemployment rate are controlled for. The authors’ data also reveal that the divorce rate greatly increases the total amount of violence but does not influence the percentage of lethal violence that is expressed as suicide over homicide.
Losing Control
Authors: Johnson Holly , Hotton Tina
Published: April 2003

Using data from Statistics Canada’s Homicide Survey, this article explores the dynamics of intimate partner homicides in Canada between 1991 and 2000 among a range of relationships. The authors’ findings are consistent with previous studies that document an elevated risk of intimate partner homicide for women who have separated compared to women in intact relationships. Using bivariate and multivariate techniques, the authors find that a number of incident characteristics set apart homicides that occur in intact and estranged intimate relationships for women but not for men. Similarly, this study finds that the circumstances and motivational contexts of intimate homicides differ for female victims depending on relationship type (legal marriages, common-law unions, and other intimate relationships). These results support recommendations from Dawson and Gartner (1998) that researchers continue to develop conceptually meaningful categorizations of intimate partner homicides.
Promoting Repeat Mammography Use: Insights From a Systematic Needs Assessment
Authors: Partin Melissa R. , Slater Jonathan S.
Published: April 2003

This article describes the process and outcome of a needs assessment conducted to guide the development of interventions to increase repeat mammography use among participants in a federally funded cancer screening program. Health behavior theory and data from a phone survey are used to uncover key barriers to repeat mammography use and to identify fruitful intervention approaches for modifying them. Estimates of (a) compliance with mammography guidelines, (b) readiness to adopt regular mammography use, (c) the most common reasons for not being rescreened, and (d) population attributable risks associated with various predictors of repeat mammography use are presented and, with guidance from the transtheoretical model of behavior change, used to make inferences about the type of intervention strategies most appropriate for promoting repeat mammography use in this population.
Adolescent Smoking Cessation Services of School-Based Health Centers
Authors: Price James H. , Yingling Faith , Dake Joseph A. , Telljohann Susan K.
Published: April 2003

A national sample of 390 junior and senior high school–based centers were mailed an 18-item survey to assess their institutional stages of change regarding smoking cessation education, referral, and prescription nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) services and their perceived barriers and benefits regarding the provision of these services. Nearly half were in the maintenance stage for cessation education programs, one-third were in maintenance stage for referral services, and 12% were in the maintenance stage for NRT. The most frequently cited perceived benefits included an increased awareness of short- and long-term effects of smoking (education programs and referral services) and increasing student access to cessation methods (NRT). The greatest barriers cited were a lack of financial resources (education programs), problems with student transportation (referral services), and staff not having the authority to provide prescription services (NRT). School-based centers can do more to help stop adolescents from using tobacco.
NATO Peacekeeping and Burden Sharing: 1994-2000
Authors: Shimizu Hirofumi , Sandler Todd
Published: April 2003

This article examines peacekeeping burden sharing among NATO allies for the period from 1994 to 2000. Unlike studies for earlier periods, the analysis here systematically includes both UN-led and non-UN-led peacekeeping operations. For the recent past, the nonparametric test results indicate a greater disproportionality of peacekeeping burden sharing, in which the large NATO allies carry a greater burden for the small allies. These findings are consistent with peacekeeping assuming a larger share of purely public benefits. As a consequence, suboptimality is expected to worsen.
Have State and Local Fiscal Policies Become More Alike? Evidence of Beta Convergence Among Fiscal Policy Variables
Authors: Annala Christopher N.
Published: April 2003

This article examines the convergence of state and local fiscal policies among the United States. Based on the standard assumptions of the neoclassical growth model with a public sector, it is shown that state and local fiscal policies have indeed converged over the past 20 years, at a rate substantially faster than real per capita gross state product. These results are contradictory to the Tiebout hypothesis.
Customer Reactions to Service Provider Overgenerosity
Authors: Estelami Hooman , De Maeyer Peter
Published: April 2003

Existing research in services marketing has mostly focused on service encounters in which the service provider fails to meet customer expectations. Service encounters in which customer expectations are exceeded have not been as thoroughly examined. This article focuses on service encounters characterized by service provider generosity: the act of giving customers value beyond their expectations. Utilizing an experimental research design, the authors demonstrate that consumer reactions to such behavior are moderated by the organizational level of the service provider as well as the existence of a past purchase history. Counter to conventional belief, under certain conditions, overgenerosity may hinder customer assessments of a service. The article concludes with a discussion of the implications for services marketing strategy and research.
Understanding Relationship Marketing Outcomes
Authors: Hennig-Thurau Thorsten , Gwinner Kevin P. , Gremler Dwayne D.
Published: April 2003

The importance of developing and maintaining enduring relationships with customers of service businesses is generally accepted in the marketing literature. A key challenge for researchers is to identify and understand how managerially controlled antecedent variables influence important relationship marketing outcomes (e.g., customer loyalty and word-of-mouth communication). Relational benefits, which have a focus on the benefits consumers receive apart from the core service, and relationship quality, which focuses on the overall nature of the relationship, represent two approaches to understanding customer loyalty and word of mouth. This article integrates these two concepts by positioning customer satisfaction and commitment as relationship quality dimensions that partially mediate the relationship between three relational benefits (confidence benefits, social benefits, and special treatment benefits) and the two outcome variables. The results provide support for the model and indicate that the concepts of customer satisfaction, commitment, confidence benefits, and social benefits serve to significantly contribute to relationship marketing outcomes in services.
Relating Brandand Customer Perspectives on Marketing Management
Authors: Ambler Tim , Bhattacharya C. B. , Edell Julie , Keller Kevin Lane , Lemon Katherine N. , Mittal Vikas
Published: April 2003

What is the difference between brand equity and customer equity? Does the distinction matter? Is there a difference between the firm’s brand asset and customer asset? What are the implications of taking a brand perspective versus a customer perspective when designing and implementing marketing programs? The objective of this article is to examine these two perspectives in depth so that researchers and managers can improve their understanding and use of customer and brand perspectives on marketing. The authors seek to determine the relationship between the two assets and perspectives in terms of similarities and differences. They examine the development of customer and brand perspectives and describe how each adds value to the firm and to the customer. Subsequently, they delineate possible approaches for measuring marketing assets. They discuss key issues researchers and practitioners should consider in managing marketing assets, particularly for multibrand companies. They conclude by suggesting future research directions.
Building a Man on Stage
Authors: Zuhur Sherifa
Published: April 2003

This article explores the life and career of male singing star, instrumental talent, and Composer Farid al-Atrash, who created a prototype of the romantic male musical star from the 1930s until his death in 1974. An immigrant to Egypt and a member of a distinctive religious sect, the Druze, he arose from poverty and the invisibility of the previous generation of musicians thanks to his talent, ambition, and investment in his own film productions. A lifelong bachelor, he constructed a popular image with references to the authentic Arab Islamic poetic/historical past and an idealized version of modernity. Tales of his love affairs enhanced his popularity during his lifetime and were seemingly merged with the lyrics of his love songs. From Arabic sources, the author attempts to uncover the psychological rationale of a man whose life goals were shaped by his mother, who was overshadowed by his sister, and who consciously elevated music making to a professionalized art form.
Narrative Therapy as a Counter-Hegemonic Practice
Authors: Nylund David , Nylund Debora A.
Published: April 2003

This article illustrates the practice of narrative therapy as an application of pro-feminist men’s scholarship. Narrative therapy examines gender discourses that support women’s oppression and men’s engagement in practices of entitlement and dominance. By engaging in collaborative conversations, men in narrative therapy may develop a reflexive awareness that creates space for alternative ways of being. A case example illustrates narrative practices, such as deconstructing dominant discourses, separating the problem of male training from individual men, inviting men to examine their relationship with patriarchy and its effects on their lives and relationships, and inspiring men to perform alternative narratives of self that have preferred real effects and counter the practices of hegemonic masculinity.
Design of Two-Dimensionally Curved Panels for Sandwich Cores
Authors: O’Sullivan Donald Q. , Slocum Alexander H.
Published: April 2003

Alternatives to honeycomb and corrugated core sandwich designs are explored to provide inexpensive and comparable performing sub-laminates that can be easily manufactured into more complex shapes. The core designs utilize two-dimensionally curved1 panels that can be manufactured using common manufacturing methods such as rolling, thermoforming, and stamping. The panels are designed using mathematical formulas and algorithms to provide quasi-isotropic behavior in bending. Experimental results indicate that these designs can provide comparable performance to honeycomb core laminates.
Predicting Risk of Preterm Birth: The Roles of Stress, Clinical Risk Factors, and Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone
Authors: Ruiz R. Jeanne , Fullerton Judith , Brown Charles E. L. , Dudley Donald J.
Published: April 2003

The relationships and predictive abilities of perceived stress, selected clinical risk factors, and corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) levels in maternal plasma were investigated for their association with preterm labor (PTL), preterm birth, and gestational age at delivery. An exploratory, prospective, longitudinal research design was used to measure CRH 4 times over pregnancy, perceived stress at 24 and 32 weeks of pregnancy, clinical risk factors, and genitourinary infections in low-income women. Multiple regression analyses revealed that a model of measurement of perceived stress at 24 or 32 weeks, CRH at 24 or 32 weeks, and PTL (indicated by a diagnosis by the physicians on the medical record and greater than 5 contractions per hour on the fetal monitor) was predictive of as much as 0.23 to 0.27 of the variance in gestational age at birth. Entering ethnicity as a variable into a model did not improve the predictive value. An analysis of variance between Caucasian and Hispanic ethnic groups revealed differences in CRH levels. However, simple regression analysis of ethnicity as a predictor showed a weak r 2 with no significance for prediction. There was some evidence of an association of smoking with stress and both PTL and preterm birth. The measurement of stress combined with the measurement of CRH from maternal plasma may improve the prediction of which pregnant women are at risk for preterm birth. The measurement of CRH has potential as an early biological marker of preterm birth.
Laboratory Measures of Alcohol (Ethanol) Consumption: Strategies to Assess Drinking Patterns with Biochemical Measures
Authors: Sommers Marilyn Sawyer , Savage Christine , Wray Janet , Dyehouse Janice M.
Published: April 2003

Alcohol (ethanol) use is a global, health-related problem that spans a continuum ranging from low-risk, at-risk, and problem drinking to alcohol dependence and chronic abuse. Clinicians and researchers alike have the need to quantify drinking patterns to determine the risk for adverse, health-related events such as injury, liver damage, and cancer. Biochemical measures of ethanol consumption are affected by temporal patterns of drinking as well as individual characteristics such as gender and age. The choice of a laboratory analysis to determine ethanol consumption is complex; no single laboratory test will predict drinking accurately across all drinking patterns, across the life span, and across gender. In conjunction with interviews and physical assessment, however, biochemical laboratory tests are sensitive tools used to measure both recent and long-term patterns of alcohol consumption.
Women Learning to Become Managers: Learning to Fit in or to Play a Different Game?
Authors: Bryans Patricia , Mavin Sharon
Published: April 2003

This article explores women's experiences of learning to become managers. We do not provide a comparison of women and men learning to become managers but highlight women s experiences and therefore `change the subject'. This includes the subject as person and the subject as topic, leading us to look at women rather than men as managers, investigating women learning to become managers rather than men. In the article we discuss empirical data resulting from a questionnaire and subsequent thematic group discussion with `average' women managers. We highlight the importance to women managers of learning from and with others and focus on the contradiction women managers face, that of whether to learn to fit in to the dominant paradigm of management or to play a different game, to do management differently.
The `Neo-Bureaucratic' State: Professionals, Managers and Professional Managers in Schools, General Practices and Social Work
Authors: Farrell Catherine , Morris Jonathan
Published: April 2003

The major shifts in public policy during the past two decades have led to equally momentous changes in policy provision and its supporting structures. This has been characterized as `post-bureaucracy' or `beyond bureaucracy'. This article argues that while new governance forms have emerged, they do not fit the post-bureaucratic model in that while they may have reduced hierarchy, paradoxically, the changes have increased bureaucratic tendencies. The new governance structures also have implications for public-sector workers, and specifically for managers and professionals. The article explores the impact of the new governance of these groups of public-sector professionals, teachers, and social workers and doctors (general practitioners).
Rewriting Memories: Family Recollections of the National Socialist Past in Germany
Authors: Tschuggnall Karoline , Welzer Harald
Published: April 2003

This article deals with the question of how personal memories of the national socialist past in Germany are passed on to younger generations. Rather than viewing this process as an unidirectional handing down of memories from generation to generation, examination is made of how memories are negotiated and re-created in intergenerational discourse. Drawing on a series of case studies, there is discussion of how the meaning of past experiences is construed and organized within particular narrative genres. In order to understand the ways memories are recomposed in the course of social transmission, the analysis highlights the role of group concerns. Against this backdrop, Bartlett’s observations on the repeated reproduction of narratives and Halbwachs’ ideas on the collective memory of the family are presented and discussed as early versions of a sociocultural approach in psychology.
The External Brain: Eco-Cultural Roots of Distancing and Mediation
Authors: del RÌo Pablo
Published: April 2003

First, this article attempts to approach the problem of distancing from the psychocultural perspective, relating it with the basic mechanism of mediation that was proposed by Vygotsky. Secondly, it is a reflection on the combined process of approaching and distancing in human biological and mental processes, and the limitations of contemplating the development as a process that is assumed to proceed only in the direction of ever greater cognitive distancing. Finally, it is proposed that instead of conceiving contact and distance as divergent developmental paths, models should articulate both processes of approaching and distancing, as well as of social mediation and instrumental mediation. I suggest the ecological and situated nature of psychological operators of distancing as a process in an extra-cortical mise-en-scËne.
Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis and the New Genetics
Authors: Chapman Elizabeth , Smith Jonathan A.
Published: April 2003

This article offers an introduction to the use of interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA) to conduct research on psychological and social issues in the new genetics. Some key methodological points in the employment of IPA are highlighted. The article examines some of the important issues for health psychologists that arise following advances in new genetic technologies and introduces the articles in this special issue. The article discusses the particular contribution that IPA can make to research in health psychology generally, and to the new genetics in particular.
Tauiwi1 General Practitioners’ Explanations of Maori2 Health: Colonial Relations in Primary Healthcare in Aotearoa/New Zealand?
Authors: Mccreanor Timothy , Nairn Raymond
Published: April 2003

This article reports initial findings from qualitative research investigating how general practitioners talk about Maori health. Transcripts of semistructured interviews with 25 general practitioners from urban Auckland were subjected to critical discursive analyses. Through this process of intensive, analytic reading, interpretative repertoires—patterns of words and images about a particular topic—were identified. This article presents the main features of one such repertoire, termed Maori Morbidity, that the general practitioners used in accounting for poor Maori health status. Our participants were drawing upon a circumscribed pool of ideas and explaining the inequalities in health between Maori and Tauiwi in ways that gave primacy to characteristics of Maori and their culture. We discuss the implications of this conclusion for relations between Maori patients and Tauiwi doctors in primary healthcare settings.
To Be Stricken with Acute Myocardial Infarction: A Grounded Theory Study of Symptom Perception and Care-seeking Behaviour
Authors: Brink Eva , Karlson Björn W. , Hallberg Lillemor R.-M.
Published: April 2003

The process of perceiving symptoms of illness is complex, and many patients delay seeking care when symptoms of acute myocardial infarction occur. However delayed treatment can have great consequences for the prognosis. This article reports on a grounded theory study, the aim of which was to increase our understanding of the individual’s thoughts, feelings and actions at the onset of an acute heart attack. Qualitative analysis of semi-structured interviews revealed four different ways of perceiving the onset of symptoms: understanding, misinterpretation, amazement and disregard. The symptom perception categories were related to two core categories labelled health beliefs and acute reactions. Some persons were aware of risks for coronary heart disease and were ready to seek care immediately. Several others had illusions of invulnerability. Such illusions caused people to delay seeking care at the onset of symptoms of myocardial infarction.
Development of Review Criteria to Evaluate Health Behavior Change Websites
Authors: Cummins Carol O. , Prochaska James O. , Driskell Mary-Margaret , Evers Kerry E. , Wright Julie A. , Prochaska Janice M. , Velicer Wayne F.
Published: April 2003

A growing number of major health care organizations, such as the American Heart Association and the Mayo Clinic, are investing considerable resources in developing and marketing Internet-based programs for health promotion and disease management. These programs have the potential to provide some of the best-tailored interventions in behavior change science at relatively low costs. This report discusses review criteria developed in order to conduct a systematic evaluation of Internet programs for preventive behaviors (alcohol, diet, exercise and smoking) and disease management (pediatric asthma, depression and diabetes.) These criteria can be used to develop and evaluate the quality of health promotion programs on the Internet.
Gendered Cybersupport: A Thematic Analysis of Two Online Cancer Support Groups
Authors: Sullivan Claire F.
Published: April 2003

Within the last few years numerous support groups have emerged on the Internet, presenting new opportunities for patients to communicate with health care professionals and other patients. The present study examines discourse within online cancer support groups, increasing our understanding of sex differences in cybersupport. Two reproductive cancer groups were chosen for this investigation, the Ovarian Problems Mailing List (OPML) and the Prostate Problems Mailing List (PPML), making sex of the patient recognizable. Phenomenological thematic analysis was employed to describe and interpret messages sent and received. Analyses for the two groups were compared. Generally, it was found that the two online listservs provided opportunities for cancer patients to receive support, within western society's accepted forms of gendered communication.
Early Experience with a Web-based Intervention to Inform Risk of Breast Cancer
Authors: Bowen Deborah J. , Ludwig Abi , Bush Nigel , Unruh Heidi K. , Meischke Hendrika , Wooldridge Jean A. , Robbins Robert
Published: April 2003

The Internet might transform the way in which health information is communicated to patient and general populations. Understanding differences in usage patterns will be critically important to ensuring the successful distribution of health information. The present study presents early data on the use patterns and predictors of use of a Web-based intervention in a population-based subsample of women aged 18—74 in King County, WA. By three months over half (51%) of users had logged into the website, using multiple components. Predictors of use by three months included employment, perceptions of health and mental health scores. These data have implications for how to conduct Web-based intervention research and for individuals that may not benefit from such interventions.
Justice and the deconstruction of psychological jurisprudence
Authors: Arrigo Bruce A.
Published: April 2003

Critical psychological jurisprudence draws attention to the forces of ideology, power and violence embedded in the narratives of law and psychiatry, criminal justice and mental health. Application work in this area identifies how and for whom justice is served (or denied) by prevailing medicolegal decisions and practices. One method of discursive analysis comes from deconstruction. Indeed, as Derrida has proclaimed, ‘deconstruction is justice.’ To further this perspective, the author deconstructs psychological jurisprudence by examining the competency to stand trial (CST) phenomenon in the United States. To facilitate this investigation the precedent case law on the subject is presented and reviewed. In addition, selected principles from Derridean deconstruction are recounted and then applied to the medicolegal narrative of competency to stand trial. Given these observations, the author concludes by tentatively exploring the meaning(s) of deconstruction as justice in the domain of psychological jurisprudence.
Remembering One’s Stay in Hospital: A Study in Photography, Recovery and Forgetting
Authors: Radley Alan , Taylor Diane
Published: April 2003

This article addresses the question of how people remember their time as a hospital in-patient, and what place this remembering has in the work of recovery. It is based upon a study in which patients took photographs during their time on a hospital ward, using them later on as the basis for an interview in their homes. Using one woman’s data we discuss how the photo-based interviews made legible the images of her hospital experience and the part these images played in the respondent’s account of her recovery. The use of photographs is particularly useful in showing how remembering involves an ongoing transfer between different kinds of representation, including the narrative exploration of the movement of objects between hospital and home.