bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Genetic risk factors for sclerotic graft-versus-host disease
Authors: Inamoto Yoshihiro , Martin Paul J. , Flowers Mary E. D. , Lee Stephanie J. , Carpenter Paul A. , Warren Edus H. , Geraghty Daniel E. , Lee Ni , Boeckh Michael J. , Storer Barry E. , Levine David M. , Fan Wenhong , Zhao Lue-Ping , Hansen John A.
Published: June 2016

Key Points

SNPs in BANK1, CD247, and HLA-DPA1 were associated with risk of sclerotic GVHD. HLA-DPA1∼B1 haplotypes and amino acid substitutions in the HLA-DP P1 peptide-binding pocket were associated with risk of sclerotic GVHD.
Read mapping on de Bruijn graphs
Authors: Limasset Antoine , Cazaux Bastien , Rivals Eric , Peterlongo Pierre
Published: June 2016

Background

Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) has dramatically enhanced our ability to sequence genomes, but not to assemble them. In practice, many published genome sequences remain in the state of a large set of contigs. Each contig describes the sequence found along some path of the assembly graph, however, the set of contigs does not record all the sequence information contained in that graph. Although many subsequent analyses can be performed with the set of contigs, one may ask whether mapping reads on the contigs is as informative as mapping them on the paths of the assembly graph. Currently, one lacks practical tools to perform mapping on such graphs.

Results

Here, we propose a formal definition of mapping on a de Bruijn graph, analyse the problem complexity which turns out to be NP-complete, and provide a practical solution. We propose a pipeline called GGMAP (Greedy Graph MAPping). Its novelty is a procedure to map reads on branching paths of the graph, for which we designed a heuristic algorithm called BGREAT (de Bruijn Graph REAd mapping Tool). For the sake of efficiency, BGREAT rewrites a read sequence as a succession of unitigs sequences. GGMAP can map millions of reads per CPU hour on a de Bruijn graph built from a large set of human genomic reads. Surprisingly, results show that up to 22 % more reads can be mapped on the graph but not on the contig set.

Conclusions

Although mapping reads on a de Bruijn graph is complex task, our proposal offers a practical solution combining efficiency with an improved mapping capacity compared to assembly-based mapping even for complex eukaryotic data.
High-quality draft genome sequence of Flavobacterium suncheonense GH29-5T (DSM 17707T) isolated from greenhouse soil in South Korea, and emended description of Flavobacterium suncheonense GH29-5T
Authors: Tashkandy Nisreen , Sabban Sari , Fakieh Mohammad , Meier-Kolthoff Jan P. , Huang Sixing , Tindall Brian J. , Rohde Manfred , Baeshen Mohammed N. , Baeshen Nabih A. , Lapidus Alla , Copeland Alex , Pillay Manoj , Reddy T. B. K. , Huntemann Marcel , Pati Amrita , Ivanova Natalia , Markowitz Victor , Woyke Tanja , Göker Markus , Klenk Hans-Peter , Kyrpides Nikos C. , Hahnke Richard L.
Published: June 2016

Flavobacterium suncheonense is a member of the family Flavobacteriaceae in the phylum Bacteroidetes. Strain GH29-5T (DSM 17707T) was isolated from greenhouse soil in Suncheon, South Korea. F. suncheonense GH29-5T is part of the GenomicEncyclopedia ofBacteria andArchaea project. The 2,880,663 bp long draft genome consists of 54 scaffolds with 2739 protein-coding genes and 82 RNA genes. The genome of strain GH29-5T has 117 genes encoding peptidases but a small number of genes encoding carbohydrate active enzymes (51 CAZymes). Metallo and serine peptidases were found most frequently. Among CAZymes, eight glycoside hydrolase families, nine glycosyl transferase families, two carbohydrate binding module families and four carbohydrate esterase families were identified. Suprisingly, polysaccharides utilization loci (PULs) were not found in strain GH29-5T. Based on the coherent physiological and genomic characteristics we suggest that F. suncheonense GH29-5T feeds rather on proteins than saccharides and lipids.
Estimation of rock physics properties from seismic attributes — Part 2: Applications
Authors: Dupuy Bastien , Garambois Stéphane , Asnaashari Amir , Balhareth Hadi M. , Landrø Martin , Stovas Alexey , Virieux Jean
Published: June 2016

The estimation of quantitative rock physics properties is of great importance for reservoir characterization and monitoring in [Formula: see text] storage or enhanced oil recovery as an example. We have combined the high-resolution results of full-waveform inversion (FWI) methods with rock physics inversion. Because we consider a generic and dynamic rock physics model, our method is applicable to most kinds of rocks for a wide range of frequencies. The first step allows determination of viscoelastic effective properties, i.e., quantitative seismic attributes, whereas the rock physics inversion estimates rock physics properties (porosity, solid frame moduli, fluid phase properties, or saturation). This two-step workflow is applied to time-lapse synthetic and field cases. The sensitivity tests that we had previously carried out showed that it can be crucial to use multiparameter inputs to accurately recover fluid saturations and fluid properties. However, due to the limited data availability and difficulties in getting reliable multiparameter FWI results, we are limited to acoustic FWI results. The synthetic tests are conclusive even if they are favorable cases. For the first time-lapse fluid substitution synthetic case, we first characterize the rock frame parameters on the baseline model using P-wave velocity estimations obtained by acoustic FWI. Then, we obtain an accurate estimation of fluid bulk modulus from the time-lapse P-wave velocity. In the Marmousi synthetic case, the rock frame properties are accurately recovered for the baseline model, whereas the gas saturation change in the monitor model is not estimated correctly. On the field data example (time-lapse monitoring of an underground blowout in the North Sea), the estimation of rock frame properties gives results on a relatively narrow range, and we use this estimation as a starting model for the gas saturation inversion. We have found that the estimation of the gas saturation is not accurate enough, and the use of attenuation data is then required. However, the uncertainty on the estimation of baseline rock frame properties is not critical to monitor gas saturation changes.
Effect of Individual Surgeons and Anesthesiologists on Operating Room Time
Authors: van Eijk Ruben P. A. , van Veen-Berkx Elizabeth , Kazemier Geert , Eijkemans Marinus J. C.
Published: June 2016

BACKGROUND:

Variability in operating room (OR) time causes overutilization and underutilization of the available ORs. There is evidence that for a given type of procedure, the surgeon is the major source of variability in OR time. The primary aim was to quantify the variability between surgeons and anesthesiologists. As illustration, the value of modeling the individual surgeons and anesthesiologist for OR time prediction was estimated.

METHODS:

OR data containing 16,480 cases were obtained from a general surgery department. The total amount of variability in OR time accounted for by the type of procedure, first and second surgeon, and the anesthesiologist was determined with the use of linear mixed models. The effect on OR time prediction was evaluated as reduction in overtime and idle time per case.

RESULTS:

Differences between first surgeons can account for only 2.9% (2.0%–4.2%) of the variability in OR time. Differences between anesthesiologists can account for 0.1% (0.0%–0.3%) of the variability in OR time. Incorporating the individual surgeons and anesthesiologists led to an average reduction of overtime and idle time of 1.8 (95% confidence interval, 1.7–2.0, 10.5% reduction) minutes and 3.0 (95% confidence interval, 2.8%–3.2, 17.0% reduction) minutes, respectively.

CONCLUSIONS:

In comparison with the type of procedure, differences between surgeons account for a small part of OR time variability. The impact of differences between anesthesiologists on OR time is negligible. A prediction model incorporating the individual surgeons and anesthesiologists has an increased precision, but improvements are likely too marginal to have practical consequences for OR scheduling.
“A Nother World” In Indra Sinha’s Animal’s People
Authors: Johnston Justin Omar
Published: June 2016

This article examines Indra Sinha’s novel Animal’s People, an engagement with the consequences of the 1984 toxic chemical spill in Bhopal, India, in order to critique the humanist discourse of Dow Chemical’s massive rebranding effort, “The Human Element,” that began in 2006. The novel’s narrator, when his spine is twisted forward by the chemical toxins, adopts the name “Animal.” In contesting Western definitions of what constitutes a human, he helps to reimagine postcolonial activism by broadening its coalition to include nonhuman subjects. Sinha’s version of postcolonial environmentalism, this article thus suggests, searches out the possibilities and limitations of a posthuman postcolonialism.
“Solitary Bartlebies”: Kerouac’s On the Road and the Ideology of the Superhighway
Authors: Vredenburg Jason
Published: June 2016

In both the critical literature and the popular imagination, Jack Kerouac’s seminal road narrative On the Road is often viewed as a celebration of American individualism and frontier myth. Placing the novel within the context of the changing approach to automotive infrastructure, however, challenges this conventional reading. Setting the text against the emerging superhighway ethic-which values the individuated automobile over established communities, conquest of nature over integration with nature, and productivity over all else-reveals a more nuanced and forceful critique of postwar consumer culture and illuminates Kerouac’s investment in nature and community.
Manakins can produce iridescent and bright feather colours without melanosomes
Authors: Igic Branislav , D'Alba Liliana , Shawkey Matthew D.
Published: June 2016

Males of many species often use colourful and conspicuous ornaments to attract females. Among these, male manakins (family: Pipridae) provide classic examples of sexual selection favouring the evolution of bright and colourful plumage coloration. The highly iridescent feather colours of birds are most commonly produced by the periodic arrangement of melanin-containing organelles (melanosomes) within barbules. Melanin increases the saturation of iridescent colours seen from optimal viewing angles by absorbing back-scattered light; however, this may reduce the wide-angle brightness of these signals, contributing to a dark background appearance. We examined the nanostructure of four manakin species (Lepidothrix isidorei, L. iris, L. nattereri and L. coeruleocapilla) to identify how they produce their bright plumage colours. Feather barbs of all four species were characterized by dense and fibrous internal spongy matrices that likely increase scattering of light within the barb. The iridescent, yet pale or whitish colours of L. iris and L. nattereri feathers were produced not by periodically arranged melanosomes within barbules, but by periodic matrices of air and β-keratin within barbs. Lepidothrix iris crown feathers were able to produce a dazzling display of colours with small shifts in viewing geometry, likely because of a periodic nanostructure, a flattened barb morphology and disorder at a microstructural level. We hypothesize that iridescent plumage ornaments of male L. iris and L. nattereri are under selection to increase brightness or luminance across wide viewing angles, which may potentially increase their detectability by females during dynamic and fast-paced courtship displays in dim light environments.
The extraordinary joint material of an articulated coralline alga. II. Modeling the structural basis of its mechanical properties
Authors: Denny Mark W. , King Felicia A.
Published: June 2016

By incorporating joints into their otherwise rigid fronds, erect coralline algae have evolved to be as flexible as other seaweeds, which allows them to thrive – and even dominate space – on wave-washed shores around the globe. However, to provide the required flexibility, the joint tissue of Calliarthron cheilosporioides, a representative articulated coralline alga, relies on an extraordinary tissue that is stronger, more extensible and more fatigue resistant than that of other algae. Here, we used the results from recent experiments to parameterize a conceptual model that links the microscale architecture of cell walls to the adaptive mechanical properties of joint tissue. Our analysis suggests that the theory of discontinuous fiber-wound composite materials (with cellulose fibrils as the fibers and galactan gel as the matrix) can explain key aspects of the material's mechanics. In particular, its adaptive viscoelastic behavior can be characterized by two, widely separated time constants. We speculate that the short time constant (∼14 s) results from the viscous response of the matrix to the change in cell-wall shape as a joint is stretched, a response that allows the material both to remain flexible and to dissipate energy as a frond is lashed by waves. We propose that the long time constant (∼35 h), is governed by the shearing of the matrix between cellulose fibrils. The resulting high apparent viscosity ensures that joints avoid accumulating lethal deformation in the course of a frond's lifetime. Our synthesis of experimental measurements allows us to draw a chain of mechanistic inference from molecules to cell walls to fronds and community ecology.
From crypsis to mimicry: changes in colour and the configuration of the visual system during ontogenetic habitat transitions in a coral reef fish
Authors: Cortesi Fabio , Musilová Zuzana , Stieb Sara M. , Hart Nathan S. , Siebeck Ulrike E. , Cheney Karen L. , Salzburger Walter , Marshall N. Justin
Published: June 2016

Animals often change their habitat throughout ontogeny; yet, the triggers for habitat transitions and how these correlate with developmental changes – e.g. physiological, morphological, and behavioural – remain largely unknown. Here, we investigated how ontogenetic changes in body colouration and of the visual system relate to habitat transitions in a coral-reef fish. Adult dusky dottybacks, Pseudochromis fuscus, are aggressive mimics that change colour to imitate various fishes in their surroundings; however, little is known about the early life stages of this fish. Using a developmental time-series in combination with the examination of wild caught specimens we uncover that dottybacks change colour twice during development: (i) nearly translucent cryptic pelagic larvae change to a grey camouflage colouration when settling on coral reefs; and (ii) juveniles change to mimic yellow or brown coloured fishes when reaching a size capable of consuming juvenile fish prey. Moreover, microspectrophotometric (MSP) and quantitative real time PCR (qRT-PCR) experiments show developmental changes of the dottyback visual system, including the use of a novel adult specific visual gene (RH2 opsin). This gene is likely to be coexpressed with other visual pigments to form broad spectral sensitivities that cover the medium-wavelength part of the visible spectrum. Surprisingly, the visual modifications precede changes in habitat and colour, possibly because dottybacks need to first acquire the appropriate visual performance before transitioning into novel life stages.
Hemolymph metabolites and osmolality are tightly linked to cold tolerance ofDrosophilaspecies: a comparative study
Authors: Olsson Trine , MacMillan Heath A. , Nyberg Nils , Stærk Dan , Malmendal Anders , Overgaard Johannes
Published: June 2016

Drosophila, like most insects, are susceptible to low temperatures, and will succumb to temperatures above the freezing point of their hemolymph. For these insects, cold exposure causes a loss of extracellular ion and water homeostasis, leading to chill injury and eventually death. Chill tolerant species are characterized by lower hemolymph [Na+] than chill susceptible species and this lowered hemolymph [Na+] is suggested to improve ion and water homeostasis during cold exposure. It has therefore also been hypothesized that hemolymph Na+ is replaced by other “cryoprotective” osmolytes in cold tolerant species. Here, we compare the hemolymph metabolite profiles of five drosophilid species with marked difference in chill tolerance. All species were examined under “normal” thermal conditions (i.e. 20°C) and following cold exposure (4 hours at 0°C). Under benign conditions total hemolymph osmolality was similar among all species despite chill tolerant species having lower hemolymph [Na+]. Using NMR spectroscopy we found that chill tolerant species instead have higher levels of sugars and free amino acids in their hemolymph, including classical “cryoprotectants” such as trehalose and proline. In addition, we found that chill tolerant species maintain a relatively stable hemolymph osmolality and metabolite profile when exposed to cold stress while sensitive species suffer from large increases in osmolality and massive changes in their metabolic profiles during a cold stress. We suggest that the larger contribution of classical “cryoprotectants” in chill tolerant Drosophila play a non-colligative role for cold tolerance that contributes to osmotic and ion homeostasis during cold exposures and in addition we discuss how these comparative differences may represent an evolutionary pathway toward more extreme cold tolerance of insects.
Evidence of trapline foraging in honeybees
Authors: Buatois Alexis , Lihoreau Mathieu
Published: June 2016

Central-place foragers exploiting floral resources often use multi-destination routes (traplines) to maximise their foraging efficiency. Recent studies on bumblebees have showed how solitary foragers can learn traplines, minimising travel costs between multiple replenishing feeding locations. Here we demonstrate a similar routing strategy in the honeybee (Apis mellifera), a major pollinator known to recruit nestmates to discovered food resources. Individual honeybees trained to collect sucrose solution from four artificial flowers arranged within 10 m of the hive location developed repeatable visitation sequences both in the laboratory and in the field. A 10-fold increase of between-flower distances considerably intensified this routing behaviour, with bees establishing more stable and more efficient routes at larger spatial scales. In these advanced social insects, trapline foraging may complement cooperative foraging for exploiting food resources near the hive (where dance recruitment is not used) or when resources are not large enough to sustain multiple foragers at once.
mRNA bound to the 30S subunit is a HigB toxin substrate
Authors: Schureck Marc A. , Maehigashi Tatsuya , Miles Stacey J. , Marquez Jhomar , Dunham Christine M.
Published: June 2016

Activation of bacterial toxins during stress results in cleavage of mRNAs in the context of the ribosome. These toxins are thought to function as global translational inhibitors yet recent studies suggest each may have distinct mRNA specificities that result in selective translation for bacterial survival. Here we demonstrate that mRNA in the context of a bacterial 30S subunit is sufficient for ribosome-dependent toxin HigB endonucleolytic activity, suggesting that HigB interferes with the initiation step of translation. We determined the X-ray crystal structure of HigB bound to the 30S, revealing that two solvent-exposed clusters of HigB basic residues directly interact with 30S 16S rRNA helices 18, 30, and 31. We further show that these HigB residues are essential for ribosome recognition and function. Comparison with other ribosome-dependent toxins RelE and YoeB reveals that each interacts with similar features of the 30S aminoacyl (A) site yet does so through presentation of diverse structural motifs.
Ποιότητα ζωής και αίσθημα ευτυχίας σε γηγενείς Έλληνες, Πόντιους παλιννοστούντες και Αλβανούς μετανάστες
Authors: Πράπας Χρήστος , Μαυρέας Βενετσάνος
Published: June 2016

Σκοπός αυτού του άρθρου ήταν να διερευνηθούν οι αντιλήψεις γηγενών, μεταναστών από την Αλβανία και παλιννοστούντων από την πρώην Σοβιετική Ένωση σχετικά με την ποιότητα ζωής, την ικανοποίηση από τη ζωή και το αίσθημα ευτυχίας. Στην έρευνα συμμετείχαν 303 (58.3%) Έλληνες, 114 (21.9%) μετανάστες από την Αλβανία και 103 (19.8%) Πόντιοι παλιννοστούντες. Από αυτούς οι  257 (49.4%) ήταν άντρες και οι 263 (50.6%) γυναίκες με μέση ηλικία 36.3 έτη και εύρος από 18 έως 64 έτη. Η έννοια της ποιότητας ζωής εξετάστηκε με το Ερωτηματολόγιο Ποιότητας Ζωής (WHOQOL, WHO, 1993, σελ.  1-7), το οποίο αξιολογεί Σωματική, Ψυχολογική-Συναισθηματική, Διαπροσωπική και Κοινωνική Ευημερία. Το υποκειμενικό αίσθημα ευτυχίας εκτιμήθηκε με το Ερωτηματολόγιο «Υποκειμενικό Αίσθημα Ευτυχίας-Συναισθηματική πλευρά» («Affect Balance Scale» Bradburn, 1969, σελ. 78), και την κλίμακα «Ικανοποίηση από τη Ζωή» («Satisfaction with life scale» Diener, 2000, σελ. 40). Τα αποτελέσματα έδειξαν ανισότητα στην ποιότητα ζωής και στην ικανοποίηση από τη ζωή μεταξύ γηγενών, μεταναστών από την Αλβανία και παλιννοστούντων από την πρώην Σοβιετική Ένωση, ενώ δεν βρέθηκαν σημαντικές διαφορές στην προσλαμβανόμενη αντίληψη της ευτυχίας. Ανεξάρτητα από αυτό, οι Αλβανοί μετανάστες φαίνεται να παρουσιάζουν υψηλότερες τιμές, εκφράζουν υψηλότερο επίπεδο διαπροσωπικής και κοινωνικής ευημερίας από ό,τι οι Πόντιοι παλιννοστούντες.
Μαθηματικά και εξ αποστάσεως εκπαίδευση στο Ελληνικό Ανοικτό Πανεπιστήμιο
Authors: Χατζηνικολάου Μαρία
Published: June 2016

Ο σκοπός, η φιλοσοφία, οι αρχές, το περιεχόμενο, τα μέσα και οι μέθοδοι διδασκαλίας των Μαθηματικών, στο πλαίσιο της Ανοικτής και εξ Αποστάσεως Εκπαίδευσης (ΑεξΑΕ) παρουσιάζονται και αναλύονται στην περίπτωση του Προγράμματος Σπουδών «Μεταπτυχιακές σπουδές στα Μαθηματικά» ΜΣΜ. Από τα πρώτα οργανωμένα μεταπτυχιακά προγράμματα σπουδών Ελληνικών Πανεπιστημίων για τα μαθηματικά, προσφέρεται από το 2006 από το ΕΑΠ, με στόχο την κάλυψη των αναγκών της μαθηματικής κοινότητας για αναβάθμιση των γνώσεων και συνέχιση των σπουδών σε μεταπτυχιακό επίπεδο. Το πρόγραμμα ΜΣΜ,  υπηρετεί το σκοπό αυτό προσφέροντες δύο κατευθύνσεις. Η μία οδηγεί σε ειδίκευση με έμφαση στην ιστορική εξέλιξη και διδακτική των μαθηματικών, ενώ η δεύτερη σε ειδίκευση με έμφαση στη μαθηματική προτυποποίηση και τις εφαρμογές των Μαθηματικών στις επιστήμες και την τεχνολογία.
High prevalence of diabetes mellitus and impaired glucose tolerance in liver cancer patients: A hospital based study of 4610 patients with benign tumors or specific cancers
Authors: Roujun Chen , Yanhua Yi , Bixun Li
Published: June 2016

Objective: The prevalence of diabetes mellitus (DM), impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) and impaired fasting glucose (IFG) were hypothesised to be different among different tumor patients. This study aimed to study the association between the prevalence of DM, IGT and IFG and liver cancer, colorectal cancer, breast cancer, cervical cancer, nasopharyngeal cancer and benign tumor.

Methods:  A hospital based retrospective study was conducted on 4610 patients admitted to the Internal Medical Department of the Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, China. Logistic regression was used to examine the association between gender, age group, ethnicity , cancer types or benign tumors and prevalence of DM, IFG, IGT.

Results: Among 4610 patients, there were 1000 liver cancer patients, 373 breast cancer patients, 415 nasopharyngeal cancer patients, 230 cervical cancer patients, 405 colorectal cancer patients, and 2187 benign tumor patients. The prevalence of DM and IGT in liver cancer patients was 14.7% and 22.1%, respectively. The prevalence of DM and IGT was 13.8% and 20%, respectively, in colorectal cancer patients, significantly higher than that of benign cancers. After adjusting for gender, age group, and ethnicity, the prevalence of DM and IGT in liver cancers patients was 1.29 times (CI :1.12-1.66) and 1.49 times (CI :1.20-1.86) higher than that of benign tumors, respectively.

Conclusion: There was a high prevalence of DM and IGT in liver cancer patients.
search.bioPreprint: a discovery tool for cutting edge, preprint biomedical research articles
Authors: Iwema Carrie L. , LaDue John , Zack Angela , Chattopadhyay Ansuman
Published: June 2016

The time it takes for a completed manuscript to be published traditionally can be extremely lengthy. Article publication delay, which occurs in part due to constraints associated with peer review, can prevent the timely dissemination of critical and actionable data associated with new information on rare diseases or developing health concerns such as Zika virus. Preprint servers are open access online repositories housing preprint research articles that enable authors (1) to make their research immediately and freely available and (2) to receive commentary and peer review prior to journal submission. There is a growing movement of preprint advocates aiming to change the current journal publication and peer review system, proposing that preprints catalyze biomedical discovery, support career advancement, and improve scientific communication. While the number of articles submitted to and hosted by preprint servers are gradually increasing, there has been no simple way to identify biomedical research published in a preprint format, as they are not typically indexed and are only discoverable by directly searching the specific preprint server websites. To address this issue, we created a search engine that quickly compiles preprints from disparate host repositories and provides a one-stop search solution. Additionally, we developed a web application that bolsters the discovery of preprints by enabling each and every word or phrase appearing to with articles from preprint servers. This tool, search.bioPreprint, is publicly available at http://www.hsls.pitt.edu/resources/preprint.
Trends in the development of the food sector in tourist-recreational complex of the Krasnodar region
Authors: Кружков Денис , Kruzhkov Denis , Джум Татьяна , Dzhum Tatyana , Ксенз Марина , Ksenz Marina
Published: June 2016

This article describes the specifics of enterprises functioning of tourist-recreational complex, which includes food service companies of Krasnodar Krai. The authors analyze and illustrate by the examples the main trends in the food industry of the region, the most promising among which are: healthy eating growth in popularity, increasing the interest of the population in the national cuisine, more precise positioning of enterprises in their market segments, development of market of corporate food companies through extending the range of catering services.

The authors place greater focus on the need to diversify the catering services, taking into account the variety of forms of customer service, enterprise-type specificity, accounting the subjectivity of assess of service quality that in totality defines the market strategy. The authors define the specific feature of the regional restaurant business, which is based mainly on the small business, but at the same time tends towards consolidation of enterprises and the creation of restaurant chains.

Coordination of enterprise activities with educational institutions and training centers for the address training of the contact personnel and improving the quality of service in the field is the one of the key factors of optimization of. food services development in Krasnodar Krai. The appearance on the market of new players from other types of businesses intensifies competition, which has a positive impact on the industry development as a whole, and contributes to increasing the indicators of service quality and makes them closer to the world standards.
The potential of agro-tourism and the possibility of its use in Russian conditions (on example of Moscow region)
Authors: Пинаев Антон , Pinaev Anton
Published: June 2016

Tourism in the Russian Federation is developing rapidly, exerting a significant influence on socio-economic processes of the regions. This influence can be followed especially strong in certain types of tourism: rural tourism and of one of its directions - agro-tourism. Today, agrotourism is quite new trend of territory development, including and Moscow region, but it has already proven itself. The Moscow region has enormous resources and great, but at the same time not fully realized potential, unique cultural heritage, history and unique nature for the possible development of agro-tourism. The Moscow region has enormous resources and great, but at the same time not fully realized potential, unique cultural heritage, history and nature. All this can be used for agrotourism development. Moscow region occupies a worthy place in the Russian Federation by the number of sites of cultural heritage. The famous manor complexes, the city with unique architecture, historical monuments and other are situated in the region. The article considers the potential of agrotourism of Moscow region, the available resources and agro-tourism complexes that are already working across the territory of localities near Moscow. Moscow region has all development prerequisites for this type of tourism. This conclusion can be done based on what has already been achieved in this area. Such well-known agrotourism complexes as "Kuznetsova", "Konovalovo", "Olkhovo" are the examples.
As a tourist route network in the polar regions of the Russian Federation
Authors: Лазарева Марина , Lazareva Marina , Саранча Михаил , Sarancha Mikhail , Кривопуск Светлана , Krivopusk Svetlana
Published: June 2016

The article is devoted to the study condition of tourist routes and associated with them the programs in the polar regions of the Russian Federation. At the first stage of the study the territories that can be attributed to the Russian Arctic have been identified. Further, the technique, allowed the authors to identify the basic properties of the tourist routes and programs by means of scale to measure each of which, has been established. The obtained materials became the basis for the development of form of tourism route passports, according to which collecting of relevant information through open sources was conducted. The information collected on 343 objects was put in a unified database. The research results show that the majority of the properties of tourist routes and programs are very different from the typical situation in the country, identified in previous studies. The most developed route network is represented in Murmansk and Arkhangelsk regions. In other regions the tourism development has a local character, and the state of the route network and implemented programs is specific and variably. The following research methods and approaches have been used: situational and systemic approaches, methods of mathematics and statistics, comparative method, analysis and synthesis, abstraction, induction and deduction, geoinformation and cartographic methods. The study results reflect the current state of the tourism route network in the Russian Arctic. It is a factual basis for state policy in Arctic tourism, as well as developing new products for the tourist business. The generated database of tourist routes and programs will allow to improve the information support of subjects of tourism sector (including directly tourists) both in Russia and abroad.
Rating of the Largest Audit and Consulting Groups in Russia at Year-End 2015
Authors: Ханферян  , Khanferyan V.
Published: June 2016

Th e Rating of the leading audit and consulting groups prepared by Expert RA Rating Agency showed the transition

of this market from stagnation to recession. Auditors pin hops on performance of comprehensive set of measures aimed to

improvement of market regulation, required in the recently issued instruction of the Russian President.
Spanish monarchy and the Portuguese Republic: Two routes to democratization
Authors: Roda Federico Martínez , Rezola Maria Inácia
Published: June 2016

From 1974 to 1986 the Iberian Peninsula was the arena of major political changes. The process then undertaken was characterized by the transition from two Iberian authoritarian regimes to two democracies, which enabled both countries to join the European Economic Community (EEC) on 1 January 1986. However, the political vicissitudes until full membership of what became the European Union (EU) was achieved were very different and were decisively, although not exclusively, influenced by the fact Portugal was a republic and Spain a monarchy. In Portugal the 1974 revolution took place with consequent shift of the head of state while in Spain the engine of change was precisely the head of state: King Juan Carlos I. It is also true that despite the dangers to democracy (terrorism in Spain and some radicalism in Portugal) both societies supported the political parties committed to the democratic process in elections, which helped avoid tensions that could have defeated the process. Likewise, it is possible to argue that in Spain a plan to achieve democracy within the rule of law (an archetypal transition) was designed by the head of state, while in Portugal there was no pre-established plan – the programme of the Armed Forces Movement (Movimento das Forças Armadas [MFA]) was a weak and precarious compromise between different visions of the road to follow, enabling an intense political struggle that almost led to civil war and a dangerous state of crisis.
Book Review
Authors: Martinho Francisco Carlos Palomanes
Published: June 2016

Marcello Caetano: Uma Biografia Política, J. M. T. Castilho (2012) hb, Coimbra: Almedina, 1012 pp., ISBN: 9789724049861, €35.00
Migrations, daily mobility, local identity, housing projects in Italy: A biographical approach
Authors: Bottai Marco , Benassi Federico
Published: June 2016

Starting from the description of sample surveys and research on spatial mobility (migration and daily mobility) and on other dimensions strictly connected with this topic (local identity and housing projects) organized and conducted by the University of Pisa over the last fifteen years, this article presents an extensive and in-depth overview of methods that can to be used for analysing this type of statistical information and the type of results that can be achieved, with particular focus on the biographical approach.
Residential trajectories in the Lisbon Metropolitan Area: Social profiles, mobility and tenure status
Authors: Pinto Teresa Costa , Ferreira Ana Cristina , Guerra isabel
Published: June 2016

The article is the result of the research project ‘Residential Trajectories and Metropolization: Continuities and Changes in the Lisbon Metropolitan Area’ and analyses the residential trajectories of families in Lisbon. Following some international studies, our overriding objective is to examine the relationship between housing dynamics and family and professional contexts related to moving house. We observe three generations (born between 1945–1954, 1955–1964 and 1965–1975) in central Lisbon and the northern and southern metropolitan areas. More specifically, this article aims to explore three fundamental dimensions: (1) the intensity of the residential mobility of households in Lisbon and the profiles associated with more and less mobility; (2) the typology of trajectories in relation to tenure status as well as an analysis of the profiles associated with each type of trajectory; and 3) the different reasons for moving house during the residential trajectory. The research outcomes on housing trajectories seem to indicate limited residential mobility due to the historical dynamics of the housing market in Portugal and the social and cultural options of families that tend to prefer home ownership. Moreover, the research indicates that family and social class are pertinent variables when analysing housing movements in the Lisbon Metropolitan Area.
Interpreting as a stressful activity: physiological measures of stress in simultaneous interpreting
Authors: Korpal Paweł
Published: June 2016

The question of interpreter aptitude has been widely discussed in Interpreting Studies (e.g.
Cloud point extraction in flow-based systems
Authors: Melchert Wanessa R. , Rocha Fábio R.P.
Published: June 2016

Cloud point extraction is a green alternative for separation and preconcentration, whose advantages are magnified by coupling with flow analysis. This results in fast extractions, with improved precision and lower reagent consumption and waste generation. Mechanization has been carried out mainly by flow injection analysis, but feasibility of innovative approaches including sequential injection analysis, multipumping flow systems and lab-in-syringe approaches have also been demonstrated. The approaches for flow-based cloud point extraction are critically revised by taking system designs and operational aspects into account. Applications in environmental, agronomic and food samples as well as biological fluids are also discussed.
Media Bias and Advertising: Evidence from a German Car Magazine
Authors: Dewenter Ralf , Heimeshoff Ulrich
Published: June 2016

This paper investigates the existence of a possible media bias by analyzing the impact of automobile manufacturers’ advertisements on automobile reviews in a leading German car magazine. By accounting for both endogeneity and sample selection using a two-step procedure, we find a positive impact of advertising volumes on test scores. The main advantage of our study is the measurement of technical characteristics of cars to explain test scores. Due to this kind of measurement, we avoid serious biases in estimating media bias caused by omitted variables.
Does the Level of Work Effort Influence Tax Evasion? Experimental Evidence
Authors: Bühren Christoph , Kundt Thorben C.
Published: June 2016

Using a real effort experiment, we analyze the dependence of tax evasion on the amount of effort invested to generate income. In three treatments, subjects were either endowed with income or had to work moderately or arduously to earn it. In line with prospect theory, subjects evaded more taxes when they worked hard for their income. We find little evidence for the prediction that tax evasion in the endowed treatment is higher than that in the moderate-effort treatment.
Dynamics of Military Conflict: an Economics Perspective
Authors: Beckmann Klaus B. , Reimer Lennart
Published: June 2016

This paper is concerned with methods for analysing patterns of conflict. We survey dynamic games, differential games, and simulation as alternative ways of extending the standard static economic model of conflict to study patterns of conflict dynamics, giving examples for each type of model.

It turns out that computational requirements and theoretical difficulties impose tight limits on what can be achieved using the first two approaches. In particular, we appear to be forced to model the outcome of conflict as being decided in a single final confrontation if we employ non-linear contest success functions.

A simulation study based on a new model of adaptive, boundedly rational decision making, however, is shown not to be subject to this limitation. Plausible patterns of conflict dynamics emerge, which we can link to both historical conflict and standard tenets of military theory.
The Regional Pattern of the U.S. House Price Bubble – An Application of SPC to City Level Data
Authors: Freese Julia
Published: June 2016

The recent U.S. house price bubble and the subsequent deep financial crisis have renewed the interest in reliable identification methods for asset price bubbles. While there is a growing number of studies focussing on the detection of U.S. regional bubbles, estimations of the likely starting points in different local U.S. markets are still rare. Using regional data from 1990 to 2010 methods of Statistical Process Control (SPC) are used to test for house price bubbles in 17 major U.S. cities. Based on the EWMA control chart we also present estimations of the likely starting point of the regional bubbles. As a result, we find indications of house price bubbles in all 17 considered cities. Interestingly enough, the recent bubble was not a homogeneous event since regional starting points range from 1996 to 2002.
The Total Cost of Water-Related Disasters
Authors: Balbi Stefano , Giupponi Carlo , Olschewski Roland , Mojtahed Vahid
Published: June 2016

Water-related disasters have caused increasing losses in recent years. Efficient risk reduction policies require accurate assessment approaches, with careful consideration of costs, beyond material damages, which are commonly used in practice. Faced with possible risk reduction scenarios, limited financial resources require an improvement in the quality of cost estimation, thereby contributing to an efficient allocation of resources. This paper reviews the concept of total cost in the context of water-related disasters, elaborating on the typical direct/indirect and tangible/intangible cost categories. These categories are defined and explained, supported by a comprehensive assessment of economic valuation methods. Based on this information, practice relevant suggestions are made concerning the most appropriate methods for different cases in terms of scale, availability of data and of technical resources.
RALS-LM unit root test with trend breaks and non-normal errors: application to the Prebisch-Singer hypothesis
Authors: Meng Ming , Lee Junsoo , Payne James E.
Published: June 2016

This study proposes a new unit root test that allows for structural breaks in both the intercept and the slope, and adopts the residual augmented least squares (RALS) procedure to gain improved power when the error term follows a non-normal distribution. The new test using the RALS procedure is more powerful than the usual LM test which does not incorporate information on non-normal errors. Our test is free of nuisance parameters that indicate the locations of structural break. It is also free of the spurious rejection problem. Thus, the rejection of the null hypothesis can be considered as more accurate evidence of stationarity. We apply the new test on the recently extended Grilli and Yang index of 24 commodity series from 1900 to 2007. Our empirical findings provide significant evidence that primary commodity prices are stationary with one or two trend breaks. However, compared with past studies, our findings provide even weaker evidence to support the Prebisch-Singer hypothesis.
Essential sign change numbers of full sign
pattern matrices
Authors: Chen Xiaofeng , Fang Wei , Gao Wei , Gao Yubin , Jing Guangming , Li Zhongshan , Shao Yanling , Zhang Lihua
Published: June 2016

A sign pattern (matrix) is a matrix whose entries are from the set {+, −, 0} and a sign vector is a
vector whose entries are from the set {+, −, 0}. A sign pattern or sign vector is full if it does not contain any
zero entries. The minimum rank of a sign pattern matrix A is the minimum of the ranks of the real matrices
whose entries have signs equal to the corresponding entries of A. The notions of essential row sign change
number and essential column sign change number are introduced for full sign patterns and condensed sign
patterns. By inspecting the sign vectors realized by a list of real polynomials in one variable, a lower bound
on the essential row and column sign change numbers is obtained. Using point-line confiurations on the
plane, it is shown that even for full sign patterns with minimum rank 3, the essential row and column sign
change numbers can differ greatly and can be much bigger than the minimum rank. Some open problems
concerning square full sign patterns with large minimum ranks are discussed.
Ultrasonographic evaluation of periodontal changes during orthodontic tooth movement - work in progress
Authors: Zimbran Adela , Dudea Diana , Gasparik Cristina , Dudea Sorin
Published: June 2016

Background and aim. Orthodontic tooth movement (OTM) is a process whereby the application of a force induces bone resorption on the pressure side and bone apposition on the tension side of the lamina dura. However, only limited data are available on the in vivo behavior of the periodontal tissues. The aim of this study was to assess the changes of periodontal tissues, induced by the orthodontic canine retraction, using 40 MHz ultrasonography.Methods. Ultrasonographic evaluation of periodontal tissues was conducted in 5 patients with indication for orthodontic treatment. The upper first premolars were extracted bilaterally due to severe crowding, and the canines were distalized using elastomeric chain with a net force of 100 cN. Ultrasonographic scans (US scans) were performed before, during and after retraction, in three distinct areas of the canines buccal surface: mesial, middle and distal. The reference point was the bracket, which appeared hyperechoic on the US scan. Four different dimensions were obtained: D1 (depth of the sulcus), D2 (thickness of the gingiva), D3 (length of the supracrestal fibers), D4 (width of periodontal space).Results. An increase of D1 was observed in all three areas of the periodontium, during orthodontic treatment.  D3 was strongly correlated before and immediately after force delivery only for the mesial area (r=0.828, p<0.05). In total, 228 variables were statistically analyzed using Pearson’s correlation coefficients, in order to demonstrate the relationship between periodontal findings during orthodontic tooth movement.Conclusions. High-resolution ultrasonography has the capability to obviate changes in periodontal ligament space and free gingiva during orthodontic tooth movement.
ACCURACY OF TRANSVAGINAL ULTRASONOGRAPHY COMPARED TO ENDOMETRIAL BIOPSY FOR THE ETIOLOGICAL DIAGNOSIS OF ABNORMAL PERIMENOPAUSAL BLEEDING
Authors: Nicula Renata , Diculescu Doru , Lencu Codruţa Claudia , Ciortea Răzvan , Bucuri Carmen Elena , Oltean Ioana Adriana , Trif Ioana Alexandra , Mihu Dan
Published: June 2016

Background and aims. Perimenopause is marked by clinical manifestations which disturb everyday life and which may also hide a pathomorphological, more precisely endometrial, substrate. An accurate early diagnosis established by accessible, non-invasive methods is very important for the therapeutic management.Method. The study included 103 patients aged between 41.5–55.11 years, divided into 3 age groups: 40-44 years (n=10), 45-49 years (n=54) and ≥50 years (n=39).Results. Certain risk factors of endometrial neoplasm or premalignant conditions were evidenced, their accurate identification being useful in limiting the number of patients with abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB) submitted to diagnostic screening. The most common cause of AUB in our study was fibroma, followed by functional causes.Conclusions. Transvaginal ultrasound (TVUS) represents a minimally invasive method for the screening of perimenopausal patients with AUB, especially to rule out endometrial adenocarcinoma (EAC). TVUS sensitivity was higher than clinical diagnosis in case of leiomioma, polypi and EAC. TVUS was more accurate in the diagnosis of EAC, polypi and leiomioma.