bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Yetişkin hastalarda basınç yarası gelişme riskini değerlendirmede kullanılan ölçekler
Authors: ADIBELLİ Şeyma , KORKMAZ Fatoş
Published: September 2018

Basınç
yaraları hasta güvenliğini tehdit eden önlenebilir sağlık bakım
sorunlarındandır. Basınç yaralarıyla ilişkili komplikasyonlar nedeniyle hastaların
hastanede yatış süresi uzamakta, bakım-tedavi maliyeti, sağlık personelinin iş
yükü ve mortalite artmaktadır. Bu nedenlerle basınç yaralarının gelişmeden
önlenmesi önemlidir. Basınç yaralarını önlemek için ilk adım risk
değerlendirmedir. Risk değerlendirmede hasta populasyonuna uygun, geçerli,
güvenilir risk değerlendirme araçları ile yapılmalıdır. Böylece hastada basınç
yarasına neden olabilecek risk faktörleri belirlenebilir ve bunları önlemeye
yönelik girişimler planlanabilir. Bu derlemede de yetişkin hastalarda kullanılan
risk değerlendirme araçları, bu araçların kullanım alanları, geçerlik ve
güvenirliklerinin paylaşılması amaçlanmıştır.AbstractPressure
injuries are preventable health care problems that threaten patient
safety.  Complications related to
pressure injury lead to  prolonged length
of hospital stay, increased health care costs, workload and mortality.
Therefore, it is important to prevent the pressure injuries before developing.
The first step in preventing pressure injuries is risk assessment. Risk
assessment should be done with appropriate to the patient population, valid and
reliable risk assessment tools. Thus risk factors that can cause pressure
injuries, can be identified and interventions to prevent them can be planned.
So in this review, it is aimed to share the areas of use, validity and
reliability of the pressure injury risk assessment tools used in adult
patients.

Keywords:
Pressure Sore, Risk assessment, Reliability and Validity, Patient safety
Nöroinflamasyonun Epileptogenezdeki Rolü ve Antiepileptojenik Tedavide Nöroinflamasyona Yönelik Hedefler
Authors: AKSÖZ Erkan
Published: September 2018

Özet

Deneysel epilepsi
modellerinde ve epilepsi hastalarında yapılan klinik çalışmalar sonucunda,
nöroinflamasyonun epilepsi patofizyolojisinde etkin bir rolü olduğuna dair
önemli kanıtlar elde edilmiştir. 
Özellikle, nöroinflamasyonla ilişkili yolaklar ve mediyatörlerin
epileptogenez sürecindeki etkisi yoğun araştırma konusu olmuş,
antiepileptojenik tedavilerin ve epileptojenik biyobelirteçlerin geliştirilebilmesi
için bu süreçlerin aydınlatılması önem kazanmıştır. Bu çalışmalar sonucunda
birçok patofizyolojik süreç incelenmiş ve antiepileptojenik tedavi hedefleri
tanımlanmıştır. Bu derlemede epileptogenez sürecinde nöroinflamasyon ile
ilişkili başlıca mekanizmalar ele alınmış, antiepileptojenik tedavi
geliştirilmesi  odaklı olarak potansiyel
hedefler gözden geçirilmiştir.Abstract

Research in experimental epilepsy
models and clinical investigations on epilepsy patients have provided important
evidence that neuroinflammation has an effective role in epilepsy
pathophysiology. Particularly, the effects of neuroinflammation-related
pathways and mediators in the epileptogenesis process have been the subject of
intensive research, and the elucidation of these processes has become important
for the development of antiepileptogenic therapies and epileptogenic
biomarkers. As a result of these studies, many pathophysiological processes
have been determined and antiepileptogenic therapeutic targets have been
defined. In this review, the main mechanisms involved in neuroinflammation in
the epileptogenesis process are addressed and potential targets are reviewed
focusing on developing antiepileptogenic therapy.
Effect Of Intraoperative Cystofix Device on Postoperative Complications In Distal Hypospadias Cases
Authors: GUL Murat , GÜL Abdullah
Published: September 2018

Objective: To investigate the effect of
suprapubic diversion on postoperative complications in distal hypospadias
repair performed with tubularized incised plate urethroplasty (TIPU). Materials
and Methods:
Twenty-three patients with distal hypospadias who were treated with TIPU in Van
Training and Research Hospital were evaluated retrospectively. Patients were
divided into two groups as follows; Group I consisted  only stented patients while Group II  was consisted of patients with both anterior
urethral stent and suprapubic diversion. Post-operative complications were
documented and statistically compared thereafter. Results: Eleven patients who had only
urethral stenting constituted Group I, while 12 patients with anterior urethral
stent and cystofix were group II. Statistical analysis revealed less early and
late post-operative complications in the suprapubic diversion group compared to
only stented group. 

Conclusion: We think that suprapubic diversion
in distal hypospadias cases treated with TIPU is a method that can be preferred
in terms of less complication rates and more patient comfort than urethral
stent alone.
Ankilozan Spondilitli Erkek Hastalarda Cinsel Disfonksiyonun Değerlendirilmesi
Authors: ÖZGEN ÖLMEZTÜRK Özge , DOĞRU Atalay , SAHİN Mehmet
Published: September 2018

Amaç:
Ankilozan spondilit (AS) aksiyel iskeleti etkileyen kronik inflamatuar bir
hastalıktır. Kronik bel ağrısına ve omurganın progresif ankilozuna neden
olmaktadır. AS'de hastalığın yarattığı fiziksel bozukluk ve duygusal sorunlara
bağlı olarak cinsel fonksiyon bozukluğu görülebilir. Çalışmamızda, AS tanılı
erkek hastalarda erektil disfonksiyon ve cinsel fonksiyonlarının hastaya ve
hastalığa bağlı değişkenlerle ilişkisini değerlendirmeyi amaçladık.

Materyal-Method:
Çalışmaya 18-65 yaş arası 70 erkek AS hastası alındı. Hastalık aktivitesi Bath
Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Index (BASDAİ) kullanılarak ölçüldü.
Hastalar Vizüel analog skala-ağrı (VAS), 
Ankilozan Spondilit Yaşam Kalitesi Anketi (ASQoL) ve BECK depresyon
ölçeği ile değerlendirildi. Cinsel fonksiyon, Uluslararası Erektil Fonksiyon
İndeksinin (IIEF) kullanılarak belirlendi. Çalışmaya alınan hastaların rutin
laboratuar tetkikleri ve aldıkları tedaviler kaydedildi.

Bulgular:
AS’li hastalarda VAS ile IIEF’nin 5 alanından elde edilen skorlar arasında
negatif korelasyon saptandı. Bunun dışında IIEF’nin hiçbir ilgi alanı ile AS
indeksleri ve laboratuvar parametreleri arasında anlamlı ilişki bulunmadı.
Tedavi gruplarında cinsel işlev bozukluğu açısından anlamlı fark saptanmadı.
Hastalık aktivitesi ile IIEF skorları, CRP ve ESH düzeyi arasında anlamlı
ilişki bulunmadı. Sigara ve HLA-B27 durumu da cinsel işlev bozukluğu ile
ilişkili bulunmadı.

Sonuç:
Kronik ağrı AS hastalarının cinsel yaşamını olumsuz etkileyebilir. AS
hastalarında ağrının cinsel bozukluğun önemli bir etkeni olduğu akılda
bulundurulmalı ve hasta takibinde bu sorun göz ardı edilmemelidir.
Perkütan nefrolitotomi işleminde başarıyı, komplikasyonları ve ameliyat süresini etkileyen faktörlerin değerlendirilmesi
Authors: BAŞ Ercan , Koşar Alim
Published: September 2018

Amaç: Bugün perkütan
nefrolitotomide (PNL), ESWL (extracorperal shock wave litotripsy) tedavisinin
başarısız olduğu büyük ya da multipl böbrek taşları ve alt kaliks taşları için
primer tedavi seçeneği olmuştur. Çalışmamızda PNL ameliyatlarında başarıyı ve
komplikasyonların gelişimini öngören etkenleri inceledik.

Materyal-Metot: Aralık 2008
ile Haziran 2009 tarihleri arasında böbrek taşı olan ve tek uzman hekim
tarafından, sadece PNL operasyonu yapılacak olan 18 yaş ve üzeri 64 olgu
çalışmaya dahil edildi. Hastaların bilgileri prospektif olarak toplandı.
Perkütan giriş kanalı, hasta yüzüstü pozisyondayken C-kollu floroskopi altında
Amplatz dilatasyon sistemi kullanılarak oluşturuldu. İşlem sırasında taş kırmak
için pnömotik litotriptör kullanıldı. Taşa (boyutu ve yerleşim yeri), işleme
(giriş sayısı ve yeri) ve hastaya (yaş) ait etkenlerin PNL başarı ve
komplikasyonlarına olan etkisi incelendi.

Bulgular: Klinik
önemsiz taşlarla birlikte başarı oranımız %89,1’di. Ek tedavilerle bu oran %
93,8’e yükseldi. Hastaların %10,9’da ek tedavi seçeneklerine başvuruldu. Taş
boyutu, yerleşimi, dilatasyon derecesi, başarıyı öngören etkenler arasındaydı.
Çok sayıda perkütan giriş yapmanın başarıyı etkilemediği görüldü. Çalışmamıza
dahil edilen hastalarda tüm komplikasyon oranımız %59,4’tü (38 hasta da).
Olguların 14(%21,9)’ünde, postoperatif dönemde yüksek ateş görüldü ve en sık
karşılaşılan komplikasyondu. Tüm komplikasyon oranımız %12,5’ti ve kan transfüzyonu
gerektiren kanama dışında ciddi komplikasyonumuz olmadı. Taş yükünün fazla ve
kompleks olduğu, interkostal ve çok sayıda giriş yapılan olgularda komplikasyon
oranları fazlaydı. Hasta ile ilgili faktörlerin PNL başarı ve komplikasyon
oranını etkilemediği görüldü.

Sonuç:
Çalışmamızda, taş yerleşimi ve boyutunun, dilatasyon derecesinin PNL
ameliyatlarında başarıyı, perkütan giriş yeri ve sayısının ise komplikasyon
gelişimini öngören bağımsız etkenler olabileceği sonucuna varıldı. Çalışmamızda
PNL’nin kısa dönem sonuçlarında hasta ile ilişkili değişkenlerin esas olarak
etkili olmadığı gösterilmiştir. İleri yaşlı hastalarda dahi, PNL’nin etkili,
güvenli ve uygulanabilir olduğu sonucu varıldı.
Beden Dışı Şok Dalga ile Taş Kırma Tedavisinin Başarı ve Sonucu Üzerine Etkili Faktörler
Authors: ERGÜN Osman
Published: September 2018

Amaç:
Beden dışı şok dalga ile taş kırma tedavisinin sonucu ve başarısı üzerine
etkili olabilecek faktörleri analiz etmek

Materyal-metod:
Konya Eğitim Araştırma Hastanesi Üroloji Kliniği taş kırma ünitesine başvuran
ve çalışmaya dahil edilme kriterlerine uyan 220 hastanın verileri retrospektif
olarak analiz edildi. Beden dışı şok dalga ile taş kırma tedavisi için
kontraendikasyonu olmayan ve kontrastsız alt-üst abdominal bilgisayarlı
tomografide en uzun boyutu 0,5-2,5 cm olan, tek orta pol böbrek taşına sahip
hastalar çalışmaya dahil edildi. Vücut kitle indeksinin, taş boyutunun, taş
dansitesinin, cilt-taş mesafesinin, yaşın ve cinsiyetin beden dışı şok dalga
ile taş kırma tedavisinin başarı ve sonucu üzerine etkileri değerlendirildi.

Bulgular:
Hastaların yaş ortalaması 43,4±12,6
idi ve vücut kitle indeksi ortalamaları 27,7±4,9 kg/m2 idi. Ortalama taş
boyutu 11,9±3,1mm  idi ve ortalama taş dansitesi 798,6±170,6 HÜ idi. 30 (%13,6) hastada beden
dışı şok dalga ile taş kırma tedavisi işleminde başarısızlık tespit edildi. Başarısızlık
gelişen 21 hastaya perkütan nefrolitotomi, 9 hastaya retrograt ürterorenoskopi
uygulandı.

Sonuç:
Beden dışı şok dalga ile taş kırma tedavisinin başarısızlığı ile kadın
cinsiyete sahip olma, vücut kitle indeksi, obezite, cilt-taş mesafesi, taş
boyutu ve taş dansitesinin > 1000 HÜ olması arasında ilişki vardır.
Opinions Of Students In Dentistry Faculty On Interactive Anatomy Education
Authors: DOĞAN Zümrüt , ULUDAĞ Öznur , ATEŞOĞLU Sibel , ÜÇKARDEŞ Fatih , AYDIN Ali
Published: September 2018

Recently, dentistry has determined its characteristic values ​​in scientific sense. As in all branches of education in the field of health, Anatomy education is given in the first year of curriculum in Faculties of Dentistry.  Evaluating and understanding the perspectives of the students on anatomy education is of great importance in the development of anatomy education and teaching methods. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the students' thoughts about anatomy education and the contributions of team work and interactive education to the learning of anatomy. Material and Method: In this study, 60 first-year students of Adıyaman University Faculty of Dentistry who took Anatomy lecture in the spring semester of 2016-2017 academic year were included.  Data were obtained by using a questionnaire consisting of 29 closed-ended questions. The questionnaires have been prepared to be answered with a scale of 5 likert. The data were analyzed using the IBM SPSS statistics package program.Results: According to the results, the students used lecture notes for theoretical part and textbook for practical part mostly. A satisfaction level of  88.3% and 85 % was detected for  theoretical part and practical part respectively. It was determined that 71.7% of the students completed their homework in 1-3 weeks, in 70.0% these homeworks made them like anatomy, in 91.7% they made contribution to anatomy learning  and in 73.4% of the studentes the homeworks broke the bias of “anatomy is difficult to study and understand”. Conclusion: We believe that the data obtained will be useful in developing educational alternatives related to anatomy, in overcoming existing deficiencies and in providing students with assignments and active participation in education. In addition, we have also pointed out that the education given in dentistry faculties can reach better points by applying feedback questionnaires in anatomy education which needs a lot of time and effort.
Genel Anestezi Altında Dental Cerrahi Yapılan Hastalarda HBsAg, Anti-HCV, Anti-HIV Preoperatif Seroprevalansı
Authors: AKPINAR Orhan , AKPINAR Hatice
Published: September 2018

Amaç: Kanla bulaşan patojenlere maruz kalmak sağlık
çalışanlarının karşılaştığı en ciddi mesleki risktir. Bu çalışma , genel
anestezi altında dental cerrahi yapılan hastaların HBsAg, anti-HCV ve anti-HIV
preoperatif seroprevalanslarını değerlendirmek ve sağlık çalışanlarının kan
kaynaklı hastalıklara karşı farkındalığını artırmak amacıyla yapılmıştır. Materyal-Method:
Ekim 2016 ve Şubat 2018  tarihleri
arasında elektif dental
cerrahi girişimler için başvuran 2440 hastanın kan örneği sonuçları hepatit B yüzey antijeni (HBsAg), HCV antikoru (anti-HCV) ve HIV
antikoru (anti-HIV)
seroprevalansı  yönünden geriye dönük olarak değerlendirildi.Bulgular:Hastaların ortalama yaşının 13.23 ±
11.02 olduğu görüldü. Hastaların% 54.3'ü erkek,% 45.7'si ise kadındı.
Preoperatif hastalarda HBsAg ve anti-HCV seroprevalansı; sırasıyla % 0,25 ve %
0,17 bulunmuştur. HBsAg ve Anti-HCV'nin pozitiflik oranları literatürden elde
edilen verilerden daha düşük olarak bulundu. Hastalarda anti-HIV

Sonuç: Hepatit-B, Hepatit-C ve HIV enfekte vücut sıvıları
ile bulaşabilen virüslerdir. Preoperatif hastalarda enfeksiyon sıklığını bilmek
hastalıktan korumak için önemlidir. Hastalığın erken teşhisi, hastayı
gelecekteki komplikasyonlardan koruyacağından aşılama ve tedavi için önemli
avantajlar sağlayacaktır. Ayrıca hastalara müdahaleden önce HBsAg, anti-HCV ve
HIV pozitifliğinin bilinmesi; doktorlar ve diğer sağlık çalışanlarının hastalık
bulaşmasına karşı önleyici tedbirler almalarını sağlayacaktır. Tüm sağlık
çalışanları, meslek hastalıkları konusunda eğitilmeli ve hepatit B'ye karşı
aşılanmalıdır. Ayrıca tüm hastalar potansiyel taşıyıcı olarak kabul edilerek,
genel önlemlerin alınmalı ve bu önlemler özellikle ameliyathanede sıkı bir
şekilde uygulanmalıdır.
Complete homotopy invariants for translation invariant symmetric quantum walks on a chain
Authors: Cedzich C. , Geib T. , Stahl C. , Velázquez L. , Werner A. H. , Werner R. F.
Published: September 2018

We provide a classification of translation invariant one-dimensional quantum walks with respect to continuous deformations preserving unitarity, locality, translation invariance, a gap condition, and some symmetry of the tenfold way. The classification largely matches the one recently obtained (arXiv:1611.04439) for a similar setting leaving out translation invariance. However, the translation invariant case has some finer distinctions, because some walks may be connected only by breaking translation invariance along the way, retaining only invariance by an even number of sites. Similarly, if walks are considered equivalent when they differ only by adding a trivial walk, i.e., one that allows no jumps between cells, then the classification collapses also to the general one. The indices of the general classification can be computed in practice only for walks closely related to some translation invariant ones. We prove a completed collection of simple formulas in terms of winding numbers of band structures covering all symmetry types. Furthermore, we determine the strength of the locality conditions, and show that the continuity of the band structure, which is a minimal requirement for topological classifications in terms of winding numbers to make sense, implies the compactness of the commutator of the walk with a half-space projection, a condition which was also the basis of the general theory. In order to apply the theory to the joining of large but finite bulk pieces, one needs to determine the asymptotic behaviour of a stationary Schrödinger equation. We show exponential behaviour, and give a practical method for computing the decay constants.
Expression of epidermal growth factor receptor in advance stage nonkeratinizing nasopharyngeal carcinoma in west Sumatra, Indonesia
Authors: Rahman Sukri , Subroto Histawara , Budiman Bestari , Asri Aswiyanti , Bachtiar Hafni
Published: September 2018

Introduction: Nasopharyngeal carcinoma is a head and neck cancer with a unique geographic distribution. Indonesia is one of the countries with an intermediate incidence of nasopharyngeal carcinoma where 13,000 new cases are found every year or 6.2 cases/100,000 in population per year. The subcellular mechanism of the nasopharyngeal carcinoma has not been clearly confirmed, but in several studies overexpression of the epidermal growth factor receptor was found. Based on histopathological classification, nonkeratinizing subtypes consisting of differentiated (WHO II) and undifferentiated (WHO III) are the most frequent types in endemic areas, whereas in non-endemic areas the majority of cases are keratinizing subtype (WHO I). The objective of this study was to evaluate the expression of epidermal growth factor receptor in advanced stage nonkeratinizing nasopharyngeal carcinoma as well as to evaluate difference in the expression between differentiated nonkeratinizing (WHO II) and undifferentiated (WHO III) nasopharyngeal carcinoma that may affect the anti-epidermal growth factor receptor therapy for nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Methods: Biopsies from 34 advance stage (stage III and stage IV) nonkeratinizing nasopharyngeal carcinoma consisting of 17 differentiated nonkeratinizing and 17 undifferentiated carcinomas were included in the study. Expression of epidermal growth factor receptor in tumor tissues was investigated by immunohistochemistry (IHC). Results: Our results demonstrated that epidermal growth factor receptor was expressed in 23 out of 34 subjects (67.65%). Expression in differentiated nonkeratinizing nasopharyngeal carcinoma was 76.47% (13 out of 17), and it was higher than in undifferentiated carcinoma (58.82%), but there was no statistically significant difference between the two histopathological subtypes (p=0.465). Conclusions: The epidermal growth factor receptor was expressed in most cases of advance stage nonkeratinizing nasopharyngeal carcinoma, and there was no difference in the expression between differentiated nonkeratinizing (WHO II) and undifferentiated nonkeratinizing nasopharyngeal carcinoma (WHO III).
Allocation of weights using simultaneous optimization of inputs and outputs contribution in cross-efficiency evaluation of DEA
Authors: Nasseri Seyed , Kiaei Hamid
Published: September 2018

Cross-efficiency evaluation, an extension of the data envelopment analysis (DEA), has found an appropriate function in ranking decision making units (DMU). However, DEA suffers from a potential aw, that is, the existence of multiple optimal solutions. Different methods have been proposed to obtain a unique solution (based on a specific criterion). In this paper, we refer to Wang's method for ranking DMUs but argue that his way of selecting the weights is not the appropriate one. Namely, in the cross-efficiency evaluation of DMUs, we always search for the weights which use minimum resources to increase the production. Therefore, we suggest that the selection of weights among the multiple weights should be determined by decreasing the contribution of inputs in the use of resources, and increasing the contribution of outputs in the production, which should overtly prevent the selection of zero solutions to the extent possible. To this end, some examples are given to illustrate differences and advantages of our method compared to those usually used.
Att bedöma pedagogisk skicklighet – är det verkligen så svårt? – en studie av skillnader i bedömningar mellan vetenskapligt och pedagogiskt sakkunniga
Authors: Bolander Laksov Klara
Published: September 2018

Pedagogisk skicklighet ska enligt högskoleförordningen ägnas lika stor omsorg somvetenskaplig skicklighet i anställningsförfaranden vid svenska högskolor och universitet.Vilka förutsättningar som finns att visa omsorg om pedagogisk skicklighet och ägna denuppmärksamhet ter sig dock tämligen olika vid lärosätena. I denna fallstudie undersöksskillnader i de sätt på vilket pedagogisk skicklighet kommer till uttryck i utlåtanden frånsärskilt tillsatta pedagogiskt sakkunniga och vetenskapligt sakkunniga i anställnings- ochbefordringsärenden vid en fakultet vid ett svenskt lärosäte. Studien visar på flera skillnaderi utlåtandena där de pedagogiskt sakkunniga gör mer omfattande, mer kvalitativa och mersystematiska utlåtanden än de vetenskapligt sakkunniga redovisar. Dessutom diskuterasnågra återkommande utmaningar som formuleras i sakkunnigutlåtandena, och hur dessautmaningar hanteras.
Therapeutic strategies for targeting cancer stem cells
Authors: Alkon N. S , Ivanova A. E , Frolova E. I , Chumakov S. P
Published: September 2018

Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are gaining extensive acknowledge as crucial therapeutic targets for treatment of malignant tumors. CSCs are able to maintain their population and to constantly generate newly differentiated tumor cells. Cancer stem cells that escape treatment are often considered the main source of tumor relapse. Resulting clinical significance had led to extensive studies of stem phenotype-contributing signaling pathways that are often abnormally active in cancer stem cells and CSC-specific traits, that could be used as selective therapeutic targets. Many CSC-targeting therapeutic strategies are currently undergoing clinical trials and evaluation, including various stem cell-specific signaling pathway inhibitors, cancer vaccines based on CSC-primed dendritic cells, monoclonal antibodies and chimeric antigen receptors for adoptive cell immunotherapy.
Molecular mechanisms of neuroinflammation initiation and development in a model of post-traumatic stress disorder
Authors: Tuchina O. P , Sidorova M. V , Turkin A. V , Shvaiko D. A , Shalaginova I. G , Vakolyuk I. A
Published: September 2018

Neuroinflammation causes morphological and functional changes in the nervous tissue and it can be triggered by different kind of stressors. Progress of neuroinflammation as a result of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is associated with morphological changes in neurons and glial cells, as well as activation of microglia, however the exact molecular mechanisms of these changes are still unknown. In this review we discuss the connections between endocrine, immune and limbic systems during stress, the contributions of each system, the role of blood-brain barrier, as well as current methods and approaches in studying neuroinflammation.
Tissue morphogenesis features of the laboratory rats cervix a day before and in labor
Authors: Grigoryeva Y. V , Suvorova G. N , Iukhimets S. N , Pavlova O. N , Devyatkin A. A , Tulayeva O. N , Kulakova O. V
Published: September 2018

The series of the morphological changes allowing providing timely disclosure of the cervical channel for a free foetus expulsion from the uterus cavity are observed in cervix a day before and during labour. The processes of morphogenesis in the cervix during delivery, with all realised functioning mechanisms in this organ, is essential for the development of the most effective methods of patrimonial process management. Therefore, the purpose of our research was studying of structural transformations in cervix a day before and in labour. We used the laboratory rat as a biological model. We applied several histological methods: light microscopy (stained with hematoxilin and eosin, by Masson), immunohistochemistry with a set of antibodies to type III collagen, and an electron transmission microscopy. We established that the basic supporting protein in the cervix is collagen III type; this type defines its mechanical features and leads key role in morphogenesis processes. The particular role in the cervix during parturition assigned to the type III collagen, which probably promotes to preserve cervix structures during parturition and prevents the emergence of disruptures. Intercellular substance components secretion, including collagen, is carried out by clasmacytosis in cervix leyomyocytes.
Dynamics of humanin release and consumption of amino acids by differentiating C2C12 myoblasts
Authors: Zhloba A. A , Subbotina T. F , Smolina N. A , Kostareva A. A
Published: September 2018

In the differentiating culture of myoblasts, the formation of myofibrils is accompanied by the consumption of amino acids and the release of their derivatives into the medium. The enhancement of mitochondrial metabolism precedes the formation of myofibrils. In this work, the release of a humanin-like peptide (HNLP, mt-RNR-peptide) and amino acid derivatives into the medium was studied in the differentiation of C2C12 myoblasts. Cells of the C2C12 line were cultured using standard techniques in plates with control of myofibril formation and samples selection for analysis at 0 (induction), 2, 4, 7, 9 and 11 days of differentiation. HNLP was determined by enzyme immunoassay, and amino acids and their metabolites by liquid chromatography. From the essential amino acids, branched chain - Val, Leu, Ile were most intensively consumed up to day 7 of differentiation. There was observed a mutual correlation between the daily production of arginine derivatives - homoarginine (hArg) and ornithine (r = 0.53, p = 0.008) with a maximum on day 2, a significant decrease of hArg production on day 4 and trace secretion after day 7. The release of HNLP, unlike hArg, lasts up to 4 days. Secretion of HNLP in course differentiating myoblasts is an early marker of the mitochondrial metabolism development. Its decrease by day 7 is associated to inhibition of the further existence of already differentiated myocytes. The early stage of cell culture differentiation is more clearly checked not by the level of essential amino acids intake, which presented in the cultivation medium at high concentrations, but by the formation of amino acid products of specialized metabolic pathways, including hArg and ornithine. The metabolic activity of mitochondria is confirmed by the secretion of HNLP. The specific functional activity of myocytes depends on the metabolic activity of the mitochondria, which can be checked without violating the integrity of the culture, according to the level of secreted HNLP.
Place of the discipline "Human Anatomy” in Medical Education of the 21st Century
Authors: Pavlov A. V
Published: September 2018

Domestic higher medical education is going through a difficult period of reform of its training programs. These reforms are aimed at integrating Russian specialists into the global professional community. At the same time, the teaching of basic morphological disciplines, such as human anatomy and topographic anatomy with operative surgery, in most universities does not correspond to the main vectors of this process. In the presented article the main problems of teaching these disciplines are examined and ways of their solution are suggested. To maintain the background level of knowledge on human anatomy, two blocks are proposed: "General Anatomy” for the first year and "Special Anatomy” for the fourth year. This from the author's point of view makes it easier to learn the basics of body structure by undergraduate students and motivates undergraduates to more detailed study of anatomy in close integration with the clinic. Teaching of topographic anatomy and operative surgery is suggested to be carried out not only on 3-4 courses, but also on the postgraduate stage of training, then the level of training of specialists in domestic medicine will be higher.
Crossing the Line
Authors: Doostdar Alireza
Published: September 2018

This chapter narrates a woman's encounter with the rammal, an occult specialist, that took her into the world of the metaphysical. The woman, Nafiseh, was a twenty-nine-year-old divorcée and an avid enthusiast of metaphysical experimentation. Nafiseh had honed her skills at lucid dreaming and claimed that she could pick up nonverbal communications from other people while asleep. She had encountered jinn on more than one occasion. She read widely on all matters related to the metaphysical and the occult, and attributed the greater part of her dedication to metaphysical inquiry to an unsetling meeting with a rammal. The chapter shows how Nafiseh discovered a new world when she crossed the line, a world filled with novel experiences, friendships, and insight. According to Nafiseh, she had learned to accept certain notions and discard others in the course of her spiritual journeys.
Empirical Spirits
Authors: Doostdar Alireza
Published: September 2018

This chapter examines some of the earliest attempts at synthesizing theological speculation with the methods of the empirical sciences, drawing special attention to the epistemic and moral consequences of such syntheses. It also considers the neglected influence of Spiritism and psychical research among Iranian intellectuals in the first half of the twentieth century. The chapter first discusses the role of Mirza Khalil Khan Saqafi in bringing Spiritism to Iran and Spiritists' method of communication with disembodied souls, which they claimed were the fruit of modern scientific discovery. It then explores how experimental spirit science atracted interest from outside the network of commited Spiritists, focusing on Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini's views on hypnotism and séances with disembodied spirits. Finally, it shows how the Spiritists promoted empirical observation as a reliable means for verifying the existence of souls.
Specters of Doubt
Authors: Doostdar Alireza
Published: September 2018

This chapter examines the Cosmic Mystics' relationship to science and the skepticism against their claims. A hesitation lies at the very heart of Cosmic Mysticism's epistemology, where science is claimed as a privileged path to truth but empirical methods are circumvented at crucial points in favor of intuition and mystical unveiling. According to Mohammad ʻAli Taheri, founder of Cosmic Mysticism, by connecting to the Cosmic Intelligence, one can receive “consciousness” comprising knowledge of both self and world, microcosm and macrocosm. This, he explains, is how he received the knowledge that constitutes the doctrines and practices of Cosmic Mysticism. The chapter considers some of the criticisms against Cosmic Mysticism and its doctrines as well as the skeptical stirrings against Taheri's scientific credentials.
Introductory Considerations
Authors: von Neumann John
Published: September 2018

This chapter presents the origins of the transformation theory and related concepts. It shows how, in 1925, a procedure initiated by Werner Heisenberg was developed by himself, Max Born, Pascual Jordan, and a little later by Paul Dirac, into a new system of quantum theory—the first complete system of quantum theory which physics has possessed. A little later Erwin Schrödinger developed the “wave mechanics” from an entirely different starting point. This accomplished the same ends, and soon proved to be equivalent to the Heisenberg, Born, Jordan, and Dirac system. On the basis of the Born statistical interpretation of the quantum theoretical description of nature, it was possible for Dirac and Jordan to join the two theories into one, the “transformation theory,” in which they make possible a grasp of physical problems which is especially simple mathematically.
Sociability
Authors: Sagar Paul
Published: September 2018

This chapter examines David Hume's science of man as yielding a science of human sociability, placing his writings in opposition to Thomas Hobbes's theory of human nature and his supervening science of politics. It first considers Hobbes's theory of human nature, which he articulates in his 1642 De Cive, and his arguments about pride, as well as his depiction of humans' natural unsociability in Leviathan. It then discusses the views of Anthony Ashley Cooper, third Earl of Shaftesbury, who rejected Hobbes's vision of human sociability, and Bernard Mandeville's claim that human beings were primarily driven by pride. It also analyzes Hume's theory of sociability, showing that it is tripartite in nature: sympathy and imagination must undergird and then supplement utility, even if utility remains the central factor. Finally, it looks at Hume's views on justice and government.
Conclusion
Authors: Hamill Heather
Published: September 2018

This concluding chapter comments on the changing political scene in Northern Ireland and reflects on the effect that these changes will have on the roles and functions of the various Republican and Loyalist paramilitary groups. As the number of PPAs diminishes, and the phenomenon perhaps ceases altogether, the chapter considers what effect this will have on the behavior of young people who, for so many years, have been victims of this violence. Furthermore, the chapter argues that a strong and legitimate government that provides effective legal policing and protection is needed to prevent and combat organized crime. The dramatic shifts in the political landscape in Northern Ireland have laid the foundations for this, but it may be that the demand for certain goods and services such as cheap fuel are so strong that some forms of organized criminal activity are now entrenched.
Introduction: “One of the Most Interesting Pairs of Breeches Recorded in Modern History”
Authors: Sonenscher Michael
Published: September 2018

This chapter discusses the phrase, sans culottes, and its key role within the larger context of the French Revolution. The phrase has a bearing on the sequence of events that led from the fall of the Bastille to the beginning of the Terror. This is because the name sans-culottes was actually a neologism with a rather curious history. Although it can be taken initially to refer to someone simply wearing ordinary trousers, rather than the breeches usually worn in eighteenth-century public or professional life, the words themselves also had a more figurative sense. In this latter usage, the condition of not having breeches, or being sans culottes, had to do with the arrangements and values of eighteenth-century French salons. In this setting, the condition of not having breeches, or being sans culottes, was associated with a late seventeenth- or early eighteenth-century salon society joke.
An Ingenious Emblem
Authors: Sonenscher Michael
Published: September 2018

This chapter delves deeper into the history of the phrase, sans culottes. It shows that the point of the joke about breeches was that someone without culottes had the wrong kind of status, emotion, and decorum on which salon society was based. One further reason for the joke's late eighteenth-century resonance was that it fitted a real writer remarkably well. The chapter reveals that the writer in question was the satirical poet Nicolas-Joseph-Laurent Gilbert. Gilbert seems to have led a life that was something like a literal version of the tale of literary ambition, abject poverty, and unscrupulous exploitation told by Voltaire in his satirical poem Le pauvre diable (The Poor Devil, 1760). Finally, the chapter discusses some debates between Louis-Sébastien Mercier and Jean-Jacques Rousseau on vitalist and contractual conceptions of political society.
Diogenes and Rousseau: Music, Morality, and Society
Authors: Sonenscher Michael
Published: September 2018

This chapter considers how the joke about breeches fitted into a way of thinking about human association that set decorum alongside justice, reciprocity alongside property, distinction alongside equality, fashion alongside price competition, equity alongside legality, honnêteté alongside charity, and “sublime” self-love alongside ordinary human selfishness. More fundamentally, it also fitted into the type of claim about the relationship between the passions and the arts that could be found in the works of Jean-Baptiste Dubos or Voltaire, and of how, in conjunction, they could keep morality alive. For Rousseau, the alternative to “the masterpiece of politics of our century” involved a rather limited array of individual interests and relied heavily on the part played by public opinion in shaping social behaviour. With these in place, self-interest and the common interest would coincide, without requiring any further motivation to be supplied by benevolence or altruism.
Authors: Sunarji Aji , Sufyani Mujibah
Published: September 2018

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis rasio keuangan dalam memprediksi kondisi financial distress, serta untuk mengetahui faktor penyebab terjadinya kebangkrutan pada perusahaan tekstil dan garmen yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia. Metode penelitian yang digunakan untuk memprediksi financial distress adalah dengan menggunakan metode Zmijewski (X-Score), Ohlson (Y-Score), Altman (Z-Score), Grover (G-Score), dan metode Springate (S-Score). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat 5 perusahaan yang mengalami financial distress dengan menggunakan metode Zmijewski (X-Score), 10 perusahaan dengan metode Ohlson (Y-Score), 9 perusahaan dengan metode Altman (Z-Score), 6 perusahaan dengan metode Grover (G-Score), dan 13 perusahaan dengan metode Springate (S-Score). Financial distress disebabkan oleh 2 faktor utama yang berasal dari internal dan eksternal. Faktor internal yaitu kesalahan struktur keuangan, alokasi sumber dana, kerugian yang berturut-turut selama 2 tahun, dan manajemen yang buruk. Faktor eksternal yaitu kebijakan pemerintah, permintaan pasar, kondisi makro yang buruk, dan persaingan yang ketat.
Memorias chacareras sobre el peronismo histórico en el sur de la provincia de Santa Fe
Authors: Tifni Evangelina Ana
Published: September 2018

El objetivo de este artículo es presentar las representaciones de los productores del sur de la provincia de Santa Fe en torno a la política agraria implementada durante los dos primeros gobiernos de Perón (1946-1955). En este período fueron muchas las medidas implementadas para el desarrollo del agro pampeano. Optamos por un diseño metodológico netamente cualitativo basado en entrevistas en profundidad y análisis de fuentes documentales emitidas por las cooperativas agrarias durante el periodo en estudio. Así, vemos como los productores (re)construyen la historia, su historia, a partir de la narración de hechos cotidianos. Este artículo es una síntesis de la tesis doctoral “Memorias del mundo chacarero en torno a la expansión del cooperativismo agrario pampeano en el sur de la provincia de Santa Fe. 1946-55”.
Mendoza: vitivinicultura y transferencia de ingresos. Del sobrestock a la importación
Authors: Ferreyra Martín Alejandro , Vera Jorge Andres
Published: September 2018

Considerando que los mercados son construcciones sociales y, por lo tanto, los precios no son determinados ─exclusivamente─ por las fuerzas de la oferta y la demanda, el presente trabajo analiza el comportamiento económico de la industria vitivinícola mendocina en los últimos años, ponderando la capacidad de apropiación del excedente económico por parte de los agentes intervinientes del circuito productivo. En este marco, se parte de la hipótesis de que los agentes líderes construyen elementos ideológicos y dinámicos que les permiten configurar una relación asimétrica con respecto a los productores primarios.
La inclusión de la Agricultura Familiar. Discusión de su uso en programas de desarrollo rural en Argentina
Authors: Villarreal Federico
Published: September 2018

La noción de inclusión tiene su origen a principios de 1970, cobró importancia durante los 90 y desde 2010 es incorporada en discursos y documentos relacionados a políticas públicas. El objetivo en este artículo es profundizar en el significado de la inclusión, lo que expresa, lo que oculta y lo que se propone desde la política pública de desarrollo rural para la agricultura familiar en Argentina. Para esto, se describen aspectos sobre el origen e incorporación del término en el discurso político y su utilización en los programas de desarrollo rural en vigencia durante 2017 en la Unidad para el Cambio Rural (UCAR). Concluimos que precisar y explicitar la definición de la inclusión que se promueve permitiría avanzar sobre las causas estructurales que expulsan a los agricultores familiares de sus ámbitos de residencia y formas de vida
Fiebelkorn, Ayelen. De Marco, Celeste. Colonizar en el periurbano. El caso de la Colonia Agrícola 17 de octubre - La Capilla, Florencio Varela, 1946-1966. Bernal: Universidad Nacional de Quilmes, 2017, 224 pp.
Authors: Fiebelkorn Ayelen
Published: September 2018

La investigación histórica de Celeste De Marco reconstruye las primeras décadas de funcionamiento de la colonia agrícola 17 de octubre (La Capilla) situada en el área rural del partido bonaerense de Florencio Varela. Ponderaremos aquí los principales aportes de esta nueva investigación editada en 2017 por la Universidad de Quilmes.
La física ¿Es una matemática?
Authors: Avendaño R. Álvaro E.
Published: September 2018

El objetivo del artículo es indagar las posibilidades metodológicas de la imaginación en la solución de problemas matemáticos originados en situaciones físicas. Para ello, se utiliza el método de inducción matemática comparándolo con el método intuitivo. Se concluye que la intuición es un camino rápido y elegante que limita el margen de incertidumbre que nospueden dejar los largos procesos analíticos.
Authors: Ngo Huong Thi Thuy
Published: September 2018

Abstract:

This study aims to initially assess the potential use of Monto vetiver (Chrysopogon zizanioides L.) in mitigating dioxin contamination and the treatment of arsenic contaminated soils. The experiment was carried out in the field, consisting of 3 lots of 100 m2 each. Monto vetiver grass was planted on November 25, 2014 in two groups, lots 1 and 2, with the initial dioxin levels in soil of about 1000-1800 ppt TEQ. Of which, The first group (G1) received DECOM 1, a soil supplement promoting growth of indigenous microorganisms in the rhizosphere, and the second group (G2) as a control, without supplement; the third group, lots 3, was left as blank (without vetiver). The analyzed results showed that vetiver grass was able to absorb dioxin into grass roots and was then transported to grass shoots; dioxin in soil was significantly decreased in both G1 and G2 and was slightly stronger in G1 compared to G2. The correlation between dioxin content in soil samples and root samples (p = 0.02, r = 0.53) showed the tight relationship between them. In addition, the results also showed that vetiver can take up arsenic into its roots and tranported to the shoots and the abiliy of vetiver in remediation of arsenic contaminated soils.

In conclusion, the results confirm that Monto vetiver is suitable for phytoremediation of moderately dioxin and arsenic contaminated sites, particularly when combined with DECOM1
HIỆN TRẠNG THẢM THỰC VẬT NGẬP MẶN XÃ ĐỒNG RUI, HUYỆN TIÊN YÊN, TỈNH QUẢNG NINH
Authors: Nguyen Hanh
Published: September 2018

Các phương pháp điều tra thực địa, phân tích ảnh vệ tính, thiết bị bay không người lái đã được sử dụng để nghiên cứu, đánh giá hiện trạng thảm thực vật rừng ngập mặn xã Đồng Rui, huyện Tiên Yên, tỉnh Quảng Ninh và xây dựng bản đồ phân bố các kiểu quần xã thực vật rừng ngập mặn. Tổng số 145 loài thực vật thuộc 116 chi, 55 họ và hai ngành thực vật có mạch, gồm Dương xỉ (Polypodiophyta) và Ngọc lan (Magnoliophyta) đã được ghi nhận ở rừng ngập mặn xã Đồng Rui. Trong đó có 16 loài thuộc nhóm cây ngập mặn thực sự. Các loài Trang (Kandelia obovata), Đâng (Rhizophora. stylosa), Vẹt dù (Bruguiera gymnorrhiza), Mắm (Avicennia spp.) Sú (A. corniculatum), là nhóm loài ưu thế. Kết quả nghiên cứu đã ghi nhận hai loài sẽ nguy cấp và nguy cấp được ghi trong Sách đỏ Việt Nam là Hà thủ ô đỏ (Fallopia multiflora) và Cỏ ngạn (Scirpus kimsonensis). Khoảng 87,6% tổng số loài có công dụng, chủ yếu được sử dụng làm dược liệu và làm thức ăn. Đã xác định  và xây dựng bản đồ phân bố của 14 quần xã thực vật thuộc thảm thực vật rừng ngập mặn xã Đồng Rui.
The Building low power wireless sensor network with TCP/IP for agriculture
Authors: Thảo Lê Quang
Published: September 2018

This paper presents a low cost Wireless Sensor Network using TCP/IP to use Ethernet configuration and hybrid networks to extend range or improve connectivity in distant areas, in particular is agriculture. The system is designed with soil moisture sensor based on Atmega8L and Nordic nRF24L01 to monitor environmental parameter. Moreover, to make data available globally, we have connected the wireless sensor network to GSM/GPRS. The system not only uses a low power but also has a compact size and applies advantages of TCP/IP
The studies of energy transfer between Sm3+ ions in lead sodium telluroborate glasses using Inokuti-Hirayama model
Authors: Độ Phan Văn
Published: September 2018

Lead sodium telluroborate (LSTB) glasses doped with different concentrations of Sm3+ ions were prepared by melting method. The excitation, emission spectra and lifetimes of LSTB:Sm3+ have been investigated. The quenching of luminescence intensity happens after 0.75 mol% concentration of Sm3+ ions. The non-exponential decay curves are fitted to the Inokuti and Hirayama model to give the energy transfer parameters between Sm3+ ions. The dominant interaction mechanism for energy transfer process is dipole–dipole interaction. The energy transfer probability (WDA) increases whereas lifetime (τexp) decreases with the increase of Sm3+ concentration in glass.
Catalytic Enantioselective Benzylation Directly from Aryl Acetic Acids
Authors: Moon Patrick , Wie Zhongyu , Lundgren Rylan
Published: September 2018

The stability and wide availability of carboxylic acids make them valuable reagents in chemical synthesis. Most transition metal catalyzed processes using carboxylic acid substrates are initiated by a decarboxylation event that generates reactive carbanion or radical intermediates. Developing enantioselective methodologies relying on these principles can be challenging, as highly reactive species tend to react indiscriminately without selectivity. Furthermore, anionic or radical intermediates generated from decarboxylation can be incompatible with protic and electrophilic functionality, or groups that undergo trapping with radicals. We demonstrate that metal-catalyzed enantioselective benzylation reactions of allylic electrophiles can occur directly from aryl acetic acids. The reaction proceeds via a pathway in which decarboxylation is the terminal event, occurring after stereoselective carbon–carbon bond formation. The mechanistic features of the process enable enantioselective benzylation without the generation of a highly basic nucleophile. Thus, the process has broad functional group compatibility that would not be possible employing established protocols.
Inovação e responsabilidade social corporativa: um estudo bibliométrico da produção científica na base Web of Science no período de 2012-2017
Authors: Barbieri da Rosa Luciana Aparecida , Martins Rodrigues Maria Carolina , Camargo Caroline Rossseto , Gomes Clandia Maffini , Barbieri Larissa Cristina
Published: September 2018

Este artigo pretende discutir as interfaces e articulações entre os constructos Inovação e Responsabilidade Social Corporativa. Dessa forma, o objetivo deste artigo é compreender as características da literatura científica internacional relacionadas com o tema Inovação e Responsabilidade Social Corporativa: no período de 2012 a 2017. A metodologia utilizada foi uma pesquisa bibliométrica, descritiva. A pesquisa foi realizada através da base de dados Web of Science da ISI Web of Knowledge, totalizando 507 artigos selecionados. Nos resultados da pesquisa constata-se que o ano de maior número de publicações foi 2016 com 141 artigos. O Journal of Business Ethics apresentou o maior número de publicações com o total de 31.