bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The impact of dissonance in schema based leadership perceptions on employee engagement
Authors: Mariappanadar Sugumar
Published: June 2018

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to explore the possible consequences of the intra-individual level-based perceptions of participative, supportive and instrumental leadership styles and the dissonance factors of leadership styles perceptions on employee engagement using the information-processing and connectionist perspectives of leadership perceptions.

Design/methodology/approach

Hypotheses relating to direct and moderated effects of perceptions of leadership styles on employee engagement were tested using a two-stage intra-individual level study (n=172 in each stage). Hierarchical regression analysis was used to test the hypotheses.

Findings

The findings revealed that perceptions of preferred and experienced supportive leadership styles are individually important predictors of employee engagement. It was also revealed that differentiated leadership styles have stronger (complementary) effect on employee engagement when the perceptions of experienced participative and supportive leadership styles were aligned with perceptions of respective preferred leadership styles. Furthermore, it was also found that the low level compared to the high level of dissonance factor or the difference between preferred and experienced instrumental leadership style acted as a complementer on employee engagement.

Research limitations/implications

This study has made contributions to facilitate scholars to build better information-processing models and implicit theories for differentiated leadership and employee engagement links. Finally, the study provides new information on the consequence of perceptions of leadership style and the dissonance factor of leadership perceptions on followers’ actions such as employee engagement.

Originality/value

This will be the first empirical study examining the relationships between the dissonance factor of leadership perceptions of participative, supportive and instrumental styles and employee engagement.
Synergistic Information Processing Encrypts Strategic Reasoning in Poker
Authors: Frey Seth , Albino Dominic K. , Williams Paul L.
Published: June 2018

There is a tendency in decision‐making research to treat uncertainty only as a problem to be overcome. But it is also a feature that can be leveraged, particularly in social interaction. Comparing the behavior of profitable and unprofitable poker players, we reveal a strategic use of information processing that keeps decision makers unpredictable. To win at poker, a player must exploit public signals from others. But using public inputs makes it easier for an observer to reconstruct that player's strategy and predict his or her behavior. How should players trade off between exploiting profitable opportunities and remaining unexploitable themselves? Using a recent multivariate approach to information theoretic data analysis and 1.75 million hands of online two‐player No‐Limit Texas Hold'em, we find that the important difference between winning and losing players is not in the amount of information they process, but how they process it. In particular, winning players are better at integrative information processing—creating new information from the interaction between their cards and their opponents’ signals. We argue that integrative information processing does not just produce better decisions, it makes decision‐making harder for others to reverse engineer, as an expert poker player's cards act like the private key in public‐key cryptography. Poker players encrypt their reasoning with the way they process information. The encryption function of integrative information processing makes it possible for players to exploit others while remaining unexploitable. By recognizing the act of information processing as a strategic behavior in its own right, we offer a detailed account of how experts use endemic uncertainty to conceal their intentions in high‐stakes competitive environments, and we highlight new opportunities between cognitive science, information theory, and game theory.
Powdery mildew on hazelnut (Corylus avellana) caused by Erysiphe corylacearum in Iran
Authors: Arzanlou Mahdi , Torbati Mohsen , Golmohammadi Hadi
Published: June 2018

Common hazel (Corylus avellana) is an economically valuable nut crop worldwide. Phyllactinia guttata is a widespread powdery mildew species on this host in many hazelnut‐producing countries including Iran. Here, we report a new powdery mildew species on C. avellana in Iran. Hazelnut trees showing severe powdery mildew infection symptoms on leaves and fruit clusters were collected from forest areas in the Ahar (East Azerbaijan province) and the Khodaafarin (Ardabil province) regions of Iran. Based on a polyphasic taxonomic approach including morphological features of asexual and sexual states and phylogenetic inference based on ITS‐rDNA sequences, the identity of the species was determined as Erysiphe corylacearum. This study provides the first report on the occurrence of E. corylacearum on common hazel in Iran.
Abnormalities in cortical interneuron subtypes in ephrin‐B mutant mice
Authors: Talebian Asghar , Britton Rachel , Henkemeyer Mark
Published: June 2018

To explore roles for ephrin‐B/EphB signaling in cortical interneurons, we previously generated ephrin‐B (Efnb1/b2/b3) conditional triple mutant (TMlz) mice using a Dlx1/2.Cre inhibitory neuron driver and green fluorescent protein (GFP) reporters for the two main inhibitory interneuron groups distinguished by expression of either glutamic acid decarboxylase 1 (GAD1; GAD67‐GFP) or 2 (GAD2; GAD65‐GFP). This work showed a general involvement of ephrin‐B in migration and population of interneurons into the embryonic neocortex. We now determined whether specific interneurons are selectively affected in the adult brains of TMlz.Cre mice by immunostaining with antibodies that identify the different subtypes. The results indicate that GAD67‐GFP‐expressing interneurons that also express parvalbumin (PV), calretinin (CR) and, to a lesser extent, somatostatin (SST) and Reelin (Rln) were significantly reduced in the cortex and hippocampal CA1 region in TMlz.Cre mutant mice. Neuropeptide Y (NPY) interneurons that also express GAD67‐GFP were reduced in the hippocampal CA1 region, but much less so in the cortex, although these cells exhibited abnormal cortical layering. In GAD65‐GFP‐expressing interneurons, CR subtypes were reduced in both cortex and hippocampal CA1 region, whereas Rln interneurons were reduced exclusively in hippocampus, and the numbers of NPY and vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) subtypes appeared normal. PV and CR subtype interneurons in TMlz.Cre mice also exhibited reductions in their perisomatic area, suggesting abnormalities in dendritic/axonal complexity. Altogether, our data indicate that ephrin‐B expression within forebrain interneurons is required in specific subtypes for their normal population, cortical layering and elaboration of cell processes.
Parental age and risk of epilepsy: A nationwide register‐based study
Authors: Dreier Julie W. , Petersen Liselotte , Pedersen Carsten B. , Christensen Jakob
Published: June 2018

Objective

This study aims to examine the association between maternal age, paternal age, and parental age difference at the time of birth and the risk of epilepsy in the offspring.

Methods

We carried out a prospective population‐based register study of all singletons born in Denmark between 1981 and 2012. Cox regression was used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) of epilepsy and their corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs), adjusted for relevant confounders.

Results

We followed 1 587 897 individuals for a total of ~25 million person‐years and identified 21 797 persons with epilepsy during the study period. An excess risk of epilepsy was found in individuals born to mothers younger than 20 years (HR = 1.17, 95% CI = 1.07‐1.29) and born to parental couples where paternal age exceeded maternal age by at least 5 years. The risk of epilepsy increased with increasing parental age gap and was highest when the father was ≥15 years older than the mother (adjusted HR = 1.28, 95% CI = 1.16‐1.41). In contrast to maternal age, we found that paternal age did not independently contribute to offspring epilepsy risk, once we accounted for the parental age difference (P = .1418). The observed associations with maternal age and parental age gap were invariant to epilepsy subtypes, but were modified by age of epilepsy onset, with the effect being most pronounced in the first 10 years of the child's life.

Significance

Maternal age and parental age gap, but not paternal age, were associated with the offspring's risk of epilepsy. Our results do not support the hypothesis that de novo mutations associated with advanced paternal age increase the risk of epilepsy in the offspring.
Overreaction to growth opportunities: An explanation of the asset growth anomaly
Authors: Cai Charlie X. , Li Peng , Zhang Qi
Published: June 2018

The negative relation between asset growth and subsequent stock returns is known as the asset growth anomaly. We propose that overreaction to growth opportunities is the source of the asset growth anomaly. This suggests that growth firms as opposed to mature firms, and firms with longer series of asset growth should experience a stronger asset growth anomaly. Our evidence supports these predictions.
Gromwell (Lithospermum erythrorhizon) root extract protects against glycation and related inflammatory and oxidative stress while offering UV absorption capability
Authors: Glynn Kelly M. , Anderson Penny , Fast David J. , Koedam James , Rebhun John F. , Velliquette Rodney A.
Published: June 2018

Glycation and advanced glycation end products (AGE) damage skin which is compounded by AGE‐induced oxidative stress and inflammation. Lip and facial skin could be susceptible to glycation damage as they are chronically stressed. As Gromwell (Lithospermum erythrorhizon) root (GR) has an extensive traditional medicine history that includes providing multiple skin benefits, our objective was to determine whether GR extract and its base naphthoquinone, shikonin, might protect skin by inhibiting glycation, increasing oxidative defenses, suppressing inflammatory responses and offering ultraviolet (UV) absorptive potential in lip and facial cosmetic matrices. We show GR extract and shikonin dose‐dependently inhibited glycation and enhanced oxidative defenses through nuclear factor erythroid 2‐related factor 2 (Nrf2)/antioxidant response element activation. Inflammatory targets, nuclear factor kappa‐light‐chain‐enhancer of activated B cells (NFκB) and tumor necrosis factor alpha, were suppressed by GR extract and shikonin. Glyoxalase 1 (GLO1) and glutathione synthesis genes were significantly upregulated by GR extract and shikonin. GR extract boosted higher wavelength UV absorption in select cosmetic matrices. Rationale for the use of GR extract and shikonin are supported by our research. By inhibiting glycation, modulating oxidative stress, suppressing inflammation and UV‐absorptive properties, GR extract and shikonin potentially offer multiple skin benefits.
Helicobacter pylori eradication with bismuth quadruple therapy leads to dysbiosis of gut microbiota with an increased relative abundance of Proteobacteria and decreased relative abundances of Bacteroidetes and Actinobacteria
Authors: Hsu Ping‐I , Pan Chao‐Yu , Kao John Y. , Tsay Feng‐Woei , Peng Nan‐Jing , Kao Sung‐Shuo , Wang Huay‐Min , Tsai Tzung‐Jiun , Wu Deng‐Chyang , Chen Chien‐Lin , Tsai Kuo‐Wang ,   the Taiwan Acid‐related Disease (TARD) Study Group
Published: June 2018

Background

Bismuth quadruple therapy is the treatment of choice for the first‐line therapy of Helicobacter pylori infection in areas of high clarithromycin resistance. Currently, the impact of the promising treatment on gut microbiota remains unclear.

Aim

To investigate the short‐term and long‐term impacts of bismuth quadruple therapy on gut microbiota.

Methods

Adult patients with H. pylori‐related gastritis were treated with 14‐day bismuth quadruple therapy. Fecal samples were collected before treatment at week 2, week 8, and week 48. Nucleic acid extraction from fecal samples was performed. The V3‐V4 region of the bacterial 16S rRNA gene was amplified by polymerase chain reaction and sequenced with the MiSeq followed by data analysis using Qiime pipeline.

Results

Eleven patients received complete follow‐up. Before treatment, the most abundant phyla were Firmicutes (45.3%), Bacteroidetes (24.3%), Proteobacteria (9.9%), and Actinobacteria (5.0%). At the end of bismuth therapy, the relative abundances of Bacteroidetes and Actinobacteria decreased to 0.5% (P < .001) and 1.3% (P = .038), respectively. Additionally, the relative abundance of Verrucomicrobia also decreased from 3.2% to 1.11E−3% (P = .034). In contrast, the relative abundances of Proteobacteria and Cyanobacteria increased (P < .001 and P = .003, respectively). At week 8, the relative abundances of all phyla restored to the levels at baseline. The relative abundances of all phyla at week 48 also did not significantly differ from those at baseline. During eradication therapy, 6 patients (55%) reported at least 1 adverse event. The relative abundance of phylum Proteobacteria in patients with adverse effects was more than that in patients without adverse effects (68.7% ± 8.8% vs 43.4% ± 25.5%; P = .048).

Conclusions

Bismuth quadruple therapy for H. pylori eradication can lead to short‐term dysbiosis of gut microbiota. The increase in Proteobacteria in gut microbiota may attribute to the development of adverse effects during bismuth quadruple therapy.
Reliability of the skin blotting method when used on the elderly
Authors: Koyano Yuiko , Nakagami Gojiro , Minematsu Takeo , Sanada Hiromi
Published: June 2018

The aim of this study was to compare protein secretion on intact skin of extremities and verify the relationship between the marker proteins on abdominal skin and systemic factors using skin blotting. A cross‐sectional study was conducted among elderly patients aged 65 years and older (N = 73) at a long‐term medical facility in Japan. Skin blotting was performed on the right and left forearms, right and left lower legs, and abdomen. Pearson's correlations and Bland–Altman plots were utilised for comparing the protein secretion from the skin between the right or left forearms or lower legs. Multiple regression analysis was applied to determine the relationship between intensity levels of 3 proteins on the abdominal skin and the systemic factors. Bland–Altman plots demonstrated that there was no significant difference between right and left secretion levels on the forearms and lower legs among 3 proteins. Multiple regression analysis showed that age and antiplatelet use was positively associated with decreased collagen type IV and increased matrix metalloproteinase 2 levels, respectively. Our findings suggested that collecting samples from either the right or the left skin would be sufficient if skin properties between arms and legs are evaluated using skin blotting.
Prevalence of self‐reported gingival bleeding in a representative sample of the Brazilian adolescent population
Authors: Nadanovsky Paulo , dos Santos Ana Paula Pires , Bloch Katia Vergetti
Published: June 2018

Aim

To estimate the prevalence of self‐reported gingival bleeding in a representative sample of 12‐ to 17‐year‐old Brazilian adolescents.

Materials and Methods

Sociodemographic and oral health information were obtained through a self‐administered questionnaire of the Study of Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Adolescents. The adolescents answered “yes” or “no” to the question “Do your gums bleed?”

Results

74,589 of the 102,327 eligible adolescents answered the questionnaire and 18.4% (95% CI 17.5–19.3) reported having bleeding gums. The prevalence of self‐reported gingival bleeding varied as following: 21.4% (95% CI 20.3–22.6) in girls and 15.3% (95% CI 14.3–16.4) in boys; 20.5% (95% CI 19.2–21.8) in older and 17.5% (95% CI 16.4–18.6) in younger adolescents; 20.6% (95% CI 18.5–22.9) in Black people and 17.1% (95% CI 16.1–18.1) in White people. Regarding mother's level of education, the prevalences were 18.1% (95% CI 16.2–20.3), 17.6% (95% CI 16.4–18.9) and 19.3% (95% CI 17.9–20.9) for high, middle and low levels, respectively. For socioeconomic status, the equivalent figures were 16.4% (95% CI 14.3–18.7), 18.4% (95% CI 17.5–19.4) and 23.0% (95% CI 17.3–29.9).

Conclusion

Nearly one in five Brazilian adolescents reported having gingival bleeding, which might not be a serious condition, but reflect the disease and the adolescents’ perception of oral health status.
Colonization ability as an indicator of enhanced biocontrol capacity—An example using two Bacillus amyloliquefaciens strains and Botrytis cinerea infection of tomatoes
Authors: Salvatierra‐Martinez Ricardo , Arancibia Williams , Araya Michael , Aguilera Selene , Olalde Víctor , Bravo Jaime , Stoll Alexandra
Published: June 2018

An understanding of biocontrol activities is important when developing microorganism‐based alternatives to conventional fungicides. From our bacterial collection, we selected two strains (BBC023 and BBC047) for their outstanding antagonistic capacity against fungal phytopathogens and growth‐promoting abilities towards Arabidopsis thaliana. According to physiological and molecular characterizations, both strains were classified as Bacillus amyloliquefaciens and were tested against Botrytis cinerea in vitro and in a tomato. Both strains secrete lipopeptide‐like compounds that contribute to their in vitro antagonism. SEM‐images showed altered B. cinerea mycelial structures that were consistent with previous reports of the direct action of lipopeptides against fungal hyphae. The strains were applied to the roots (R), leaves (foliar ‐ F) or root/leaves (R/F) on tomato plants. All treatments significantly reduced the severity of B. cinerea infection (measured as a control index). However, only root applications (R and R/F) led to growth promotion in the tomato plants. We detected the production of indole acetic acid (IAA) and 2,3‐butanediol as growth promotion traits in the two strains. For both strains, the R/F treatment showed the highest control index, suggesting a synergic effect of direct antagonism against B. cinerea and resistance induction in the plant. In addition, in vitro antagonism of BBC023 and BBC047 against B. cinerea was similar; whereas in the F application, strain BBC047 significantly improved plant resistance and maintained a higher population density over time on tomato leaves, compared to BBC023. BBC047 was also able to produce a complex and robust biofilm in Msgg medium compared with that of BBC023. We linked the reduced biocontrol of BBC023 on leaves with its limited ability to generate robust biofilms and colonize the phylloplane. At last, we highlight the potential of the native Bacillus strains as promising alternatives for the development of bioproducts for sustainable agriculture.
Effects of tear film dynamics on quality of vision
Authors: Koh Shizuka , Tung Cynthia I , Inoue Yasushi , Jhanji Vishal
Published: June 2018

The precorneal tear film is maintained by blinking and exhibits different phases in the tear cycle. The tear film serves as the most anterior surface of the eye and plays an important role as a first refractive component of the eye. Alterations in tear film dynamics may cause both vision-related and ocular surface-related symptoms. Although the optical quality associated with the tear film dynamics previously received little attention, objective measurements of optical quality using wavefront sensors have enabled us to quantify optical aberrations induced by the tear film. This has provided an objective method for assessing reduced optical quality in dry eye; thus, visual disturbances were included in the definition of dry eye disease in the 2007 Dry Eye Workshop report. In addition, sequential measurements of wavefront aberrations have provided us with valuable insights into the dynamic optical changes associated with tear film dynamics. This review will focus on the current knowledge of the mechanisms of wavefront variations that are caused by different aspects of tear film dynamics: specifically, quality, quantity and properties of the tear film, demonstrating the respective effects of dry eye, epiphora and instillation of eye drops on the quality of vision.
Pragmatic and evidence-based approach to paediatric cerebrospinal fluid reference limits for white cell count and concentrations of total protein and glucose
Authors: Josman Nicky , Tee Nancy W S , Maiwald Matthias , Loo Liat Hui , Ho Clement K M
Published: June 2018

Background

It is often impractical for each laboratory to establish its own paediatric reference intervals. This is particularly true for specimen types collected using invasive procedures, for example, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF).

Methods

Published CSF reference intervals for white cell count, and concentrations of total protein and glucose were reviewed by stakeholders in a paediatric hospital. Consensus reference intervals for the three CSF parameters were then subjected to verification using guidelines from the Clinical Laboratory Standards Institute and residual CSF specimens.

Results

Consensus paediatric reference intervals adapted from published studies with minor modifications were locally verified as follows. White cell count (x106cells/L): 0–20 (<1 month); 0–10 (1–2 months); 0–5 (>2 months). Total protein (g/L): 0.3–1.2 (<1 month); 0.2–0.6 (1–3 months); 0.1–0.4 (>3 months). Glucose (mmol/L): 2.0–5.6 (<6 months); 2.4–4.3 (6 months or older).
Environmental tobacco smoke exposure and risk of habitual snoring in children: a meta-analysis
Authors: Sun Ke , Zhang Yue , Tian Yue , Jiang Xiubo
Published: June 2018

Background

The association between environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) exposure and habitual snoring (HS) risk in children remains controversial. Therefore, a meta-analysis was carried out to evaluate and compare the effect of ETS by different family members and prenatal smoke exposure on the risk of HS in children.

Methods

Relevant studies published in English were identified by a search of PubMed, Embase and Web of Science up to December 2017. Random effect model and fixed effect model were used to pool the findings. Restricted cubic splines were used to assess the dose-response relationship.

Results

A total of 24 studies with 87 829 participants were included in the present meta-analysis. When comparing ETS exposed with non-ETS exposed, the pooled OR of HS were 1.46 (95% CI, 1.29 to 1.65) for household smoking exposure, 1.45 (95% CI, 1.27 to 1.65) for paternal smoking exposure, 1.87 (95% CI, 1.56 to 2.23) for maternal smoking exposure and 1.95 (95% CI, 1.63 to 2.34) for prenatal tobacco smoke exposure. For dose-response analysis, evidence of a linear association was found between household smoking exposure and HS, and the risk of HS increased by 2.1% (OR=1.02, 95% CI, 1.00 to 1.04, p=0.022) for every 1 cigarette/day increment of smoking by people living with children.

Conclusions

This meta-analysis of observational studies indicates that exposure to ETS, in particularly prenatal tobacco smoke exposure and maternal smoking, is associated with an increased risk of HS.
Swipe and Tell
Authors: Nelissen Klaas , Snoeck Monique , Broucke Seppe Vanden , Baesens Bart
Published: June 2018

When content consumers explicitly judge content positively, we consider them to be engaged. Unfortunately, explicit user evaluations are difficult to collect, as they require user effort. Therefore, we propose to use device interactions as implicit feedback to detect engagement.

We assess the usefulness of swipe interactions on tablets for predicting engagement and make the comparison with using traditional features based on time spent.

We gathered two unique datasets of more than 250,000 swipes, 100,000 unique article visits, and over 35,000 explicitly judged news articles by modifying two commonly used tablet apps of two newspapers. We tracked all device interactions of 407 experiment participants during one month of habitual news reading.

We employed a behavioral metric as a proxy for engagement, because our analysis needed to be scalable to many users, and scanning behavior required us to allow users to indicate engagement quickly.

We point out the importance of taking into account content ordering, report the most predictive features, zoom in on briefly read content and on the most frequently read articles.

Our findings demonstrate that fine-grained tablet interactions are useful indicators of engagement for newsreaders on tablets. The best features successfully combine both time-based aspects and swipe interactions.
The Medial Axis of a Multi-Layered Environment and Its Application as a Navigation Mesh
Authors: Toll Wouter Van , Iv Atlas F. Cook , Kreveld Marc J. Van , Geraerts Roland
Published: June 2018

Path planning for walking characters in complicated virtual environments is a fundamental task in simulations and games. A
navigation mesh
is a data structure that allows efficient path planning. The Explicit Corridor Map (ECM) is a navigation mesh based on the
medial axis
. It enables path planning for disk-shaped characters of any radius.

In this article, we formally extend the medial axis (and therefore the ECM) to 3D environments in which characters are constrained to walkable surfaces. Typical examples of such environments are multi-storey buildings, train stations, and sports stadiums. We give improved definitions of a
walkable environment
(WE: a description of walkable surfaces in 3D) and a
multi-layered environment
(MLE: a subdivision of a WE into connected layers). We define the medial axis of such environments based on projected distances on the ground plane. For an MLE with
n
boundary vertices and
k
connections, we show that the medial axis has size
O
(
n
), and we present an improved algorithm that constructs the medial axis in
O
(
n
log
n
log
k
) time.

The medial axis can be annotated with nearest-obstacle information to obtain the ECM navigation mesh. Our implementations show that the ECM can be computed efficiently for large 2D and multi-layered environments and that it can be used to compute paths within milliseconds. This enables simulations of large virtual crowds of heterogeneous characters in real-time.
Non-Invasive Detection of Anastomotic Leakage Following Esophageal and Pancreatic Surgery by Urinary Analysis
Authors: Plat Victor D. , van Gaal Nora , Covington James A. , Neal Matthew , de Meij Tim G.J. , van der Peet Donald L. , Zonderhuis Babs , Kazemier Geert , de Boer Nanne K.H. , Daams Freek
Published: June 2018

Background: Esophagectomy or pancreaticoduodenectomy is the standard surgical approach for patients with tumors of the esophagus or pancreatic head. Postoperative mortality is strongly correlated with the occurrence of anastomotic leakage (AL). Delay in diagnosis leads to delay in treatment, which ratifies the need for development of novel and accurate non-invasive diagnostic tests for detection of AL. Urinary volatile organic compounds (VOCs) reflect the metabolic status of an individual, which is associated with a systemic immunological response. The aim of this study was to determine the diagnostic accuracy of urinary VOCs to detect AL after esophagectomy or pancreaticoduodenectomy. Methods: In the present study, urinary VOCs of 63 patients after esophagectomy (n = 31) or pancreaticoduodenectomy (n = 32) were analyzed by means of field asymmetric ion mobility spectrometry. AL was defined according to international study groups. Results: AL was observed in 15 patients (24%). Urinary VOCs of patients with AL after pancreaticoduodenectomy could be distinguished from uncomplicated controls, area under the curve 0.85 (95% CI 0.76–0.93), sensitivity 76%, and specificity 77%. However, this was not observed following esophagectomy, area under the curve 0.51 (95% CI 0.37–0.65). Conclusion: In our study population AL following pancreaticoduodenectomy could be discriminated from uncomplicated controls by means of urinary VOC analysis, NTC03203434.
НЕОБХІДНІСТЬ УЧАСТІ ЛІКАРЯ-ІНФЕКЦІОНІСТА У НАДАННІ МЕДИЧНОЇ ДОПОМОГИ ХВОРИМ В АМБУЛАТОРІЯХ СІМЕЙНОЇ МЕДИЦИНИ
Authors: Hrytsko R. Yu. , Martynyuk I. I.
Published: June 2018

Мета роботи – показати необхідність участі лікаря-інфекціоніста у наданні медичної допомоги у первинній ланці. Консультування лікарями-інфекціоністами є дуже важливим і потрібним підрозділом в амбулаторіях сімейної медицини для надання організаційно-методичної та лікувально-профілактичної допомоги, заходом боротьби з інфекційними хворобами.Нами пропонуються нові підходи до реорганізації первинної медичної допомоги (ПМД) на засадах сімейної медицини, а саме створення клінік інтегративної сімейної медицини на базі клінічних амбулаторій-поліклінік з консультативним клініко-діагностичним центром, в яких працювали б вузькі спеціалісти різних спеціальностей, у тому числі інфекціоністи. Розглянуті питання якості лікувально-діагностичної та профілактичної роботи лікарів загальної практики – сімейних лікарів самостійно і разом (консультативно) з лікарями-інфекціоністами центрів первинної медичної допомоги, кабінетів інфекційних захворювань, клінік інтегративної сімейної медицини з метою ранньої діагностики інфекційних та інвазивних захворювань, визначення подальших медичних маршрутів кожного хворого.
Imigração como relato: experiências de viajantes croatas
Authors: Puh Milan
Published: June 2018

Neste trabalho será realizada uma abordagem das relações entre o relato de viagem e as diversas experiências de imigrantes croatas no Brasil. Especificamente, trataremos das experiências migratórias ocorridas entre 1850 e o fim da Primeira Guerra mundial (até 1918), arco temporal tido como o primeiro período de imigração croata para o país. Nesse sentido, foram abordados os relatos, as histórias e dados referentes aos imigrantes croatas que chegaram com passaportes do Império Austro-húngaro, sendo registrados, desta forma, como “austríacos”. Trata-se de três relatos: de imigrantes croatas produzido e publicado por uma agência propagandista de navegação, de um imigrante-regressado que volta alguns meses após a sua chegada na nova terra e de viajantes-exploradores contratados pelo Governo brasileiro para mapearem o Estado do Mato Grosso. O nosso quadro teórico-metodológico se baseia na historiografia croata sobre o século XIX e sobre as causas de emigração; e na historiografia brasileira, que trata do mesmo período em que procuramos entender as razões de caracterizam a sua imigração e o contato com a população já presente. Além disso, utilizamo-nos de autores que abordam os relatos de viagem e as imagens, entraves e questionamentos que eles nos trazem na nossa tentativa de analisar os relatos vinculados à imigração em sua multiplicidade.
O Ensino Superior e a Formação de Professores com Ênfase nas Engenharias
Authors: Coelho Luciana Guidon , Grimoni José Aquiles Baesso
Published: June 2018

O objetivo deste artigo é discutir e promover a reflexão sobre o papel do ensino superior e da docência, a necessidade da formação e desenvolvimento profissional de professores e a importância da educação em engenharia como área de conhecimento. As mudanças ocorridas no ensino superior brasileiro e a demanda por mais engenheiros mais bem qualificados, principalmente no que tange às competências transversais, foram a motivação para este trabalho. A mudança na formação dos engenheiros requer diversas transformações, sobretudo nas estratégias das aulas, o que claramente passa pela formação do corpo docente e por modificações institucionais.
Avaliação da Aprendizagem em Gerenciamento de Custos de Materiais Aplicado à Enfermagem Hospitalar
Authors: Pereira Marta Cristiane Alves , Isaac Igor Simões da Silva , Bodnar Josana Camilo , Moraes Jéssica Amici , Silva Geovana Cristina Teso da , Camargo Rosângela Andrade Aukar de
Published: June 2018

Pesquisa exploratório-descritiva com objetivo de descrever as contribuições da WebQuest sobre gerenciamento de custos aplicados à Enfermagem, na perspectiva dos estudantes de enfermagem. Participaram 25 estudantes do curso de graduação em Enfermagem, mediante aprovação pelo Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa. A plataforma Moodle foi utilizada para disponibilização da WebQuest. Na avaliação da aprendizagem, foi identificada a predominância de acertos e não foi constatada diferença estatisticamente significante entre as notas dos questionários aplicados antes e depois da aula. Por outro lado, observou-se diferença na redução do tempo utilizado para se responder ao questionário. Na avaliação da proposta, considerando-se a autoavaliação e a avaliação do grupo, foi atribuída nota média de 96,34, com predominância de desempenho excelente e satisfatório, no atendimento aos requisitos estabelecidos. Os estudantes reconheceram a importância da temática na formação do enfermeiro; manifestaram satisfação na utilização de estratégias ativas e colaborativas para simulação da realidade, utilizando tecnologias da informática e informação; apresentaram sugestões relacionadas ao tempo disponibilizado para as atividades em sala de aula. Os resultados evidenciam o potencial de aprendizagem proporcionado pela WebQuest como estratégia de ensino crítica e reflexiva, que contribui para o desenvolvimento de competências inerentes ao processo de tomada de decisão, enquanto fundamento para o gerenciamento de custos de materiais em Enfermagem.
Life-Threatening Pancreatitis in Jehovah’s Witness Patients With Severe Anemia Treated Without Transfusions and by Interventional Radiology Techniques
Authors: Kishi Patrick , vanSonnenberg Eric , Stroker Misa
Published: June 2018

Blood transfusions in anemic patients frequently are used for critically ill patients as a life-saving therapeutic maneuver. Jehovah’s Witness (JW) patients typically refuse blood transfusions due to religious beliefs. Numerous clinical reports, in a wide spectrum of medical specialties, have shown no greater morbidity or mortality in JW patients or others who refused transfusions compared to those patients who accept transfusions. We report our experience with two JW patients who presented with severe anemia and life-threatening pancreatitis. Despite undergoing percutaneous drainages by interventional radiology (IR) for complex pancreatic collections (and other IR drainages), neither patient suffered any adverse effect from the IR procedures, even though they refused blood transfusions. Our experience suggests that IR procedures also may be successful with this more limited blood product protocol.
Chinstrap penguin population genetic structure: one or more populations along the Southern Ocean?
Authors: Mura-Jornet Isidora , Pimentel Carolina , Dantas Gisele P. M. , Petry Maria Virginia , González-Acuña Daniel , Barbosa Andrés , Lowther Andrew D. , Kovacs Kit M. , Poulin Elie , Vianna Juliana A.
Published: June 2018

Background

Historical factors, demography, reproduction and dispersal are crucial in determining the genetic structure of seabirds. In the Antarctic marine environment, penguins are a major component of the avian biomass, dominant predators and important bioindicators of ecological change. Populations of chinstrap penguins have decreased in nearly all their breeding sites, and their range is expanding throughout the Antarctic Peninsula. Population genetic structure of this species has been studied in some colonies, but not between breeding colonies in the Antarctic Peninsula or at the species’ easternmost breeding colony (Bouvetøya).

Results

Connectivity, sex-biased dispersal, diversity, genetic structure and demographic history were studied using 12 microsatellitelociand a mitochondrial DNA region (HVRI) in 12 breeding colonies in the South Shetland Islands (SSI) and the Western Antarctic Peninsula (WAP), and one previously unstudied sub-Antarctic island, 3600 km away from the WAP (Bouvetøya). High genetic diversity, evidence of female bias-dispersal and a sign of population expansion after the last glacial maximum around 10,000 mya were detected. Limited population genetic structure and lack of isolation by distance throughout the region were found, along with no differentiation between the WAP and Bouvetøya (overall microsatelliteFST = 0.002, p = 0.273;mtDNAFST = − 0.004, p = 0.766), indicating long distance dispersal. Therefore, genetic assignment tests could not assign individuals to their population(s) of origin. The most differentiated location was Georges Point, one of the southernmost breeding colonies of this species in the WAP.

Conclusions

The subtle differentiation found may be explained by some combination of low natal philopatric behavior, high rates of dispersal and/or generally high mobility among colonies of chinstrap penguins compared to otherPygoscelisspecies.
3D seismic characterization of fractures with random spacing using the double-beam method
Authors: Hu Hao , Zheng Yingcai , Fang Xinding , Fehler Michael C.
Published: June 2018

Obtaining information on the spatial distribution of subsurface natural and induced fractures is critical in the production of geothermal or hydrocarbon fluids. Traditional seismic characterization methods for subsurface fractures are based on the assumption of effective anisotropy medium theory, which may not be true in reality when the fracture distribution is random. We have tested the recently proposed double-beam method to characterize nonuniformly distributed fractures. We built a 3D layered reservoir model; the reservoir layer was geometrically irregular, and it contained a set of randomly spaced fractures with spatially varying fracture compliances. We used an elastic full-wave finite-difference method to model the wavefield, where we treat the fractures as linear-slip boundaries and the data include all elastic multiple scattering. Taking the surface seismic data as input, the double-beam method forms a focusing source beam and a focusing receiver beam toward the fracture target. The fracture information is derived from the interference pattern of these two beams, which includes fracture orientation, fracture spacing, and fracture compliance as a function of spatial location. The fracture orientation parameter is the most readily determined parameter even for multiple nonorthogonal coexistent fracture sets. The beam-interference amplitude depends on the fracture spacing and compliance in a local average sense for random fractures. The beam-interference amplitude is large when there are many fractures or the compliance value is large, which is important in the interpretation of the fluid-transport properties of a reservoir.
An investigation into the validity of utilising the CDRAD 2.0 phantom for optimisation studies in digital radiography
Authors: Al-Murshedi Sadeq , Hogg Peter , England Andrew
Published: June 2018

Objectives:

To determine if a relationship exists between low contrast detail (LCD) detectability using the CDRAD 2.0 phantom, visual measures of image quality (IQ) and simulated lesion visibility (LV) when performing digital chest radiography (CXR).

Methods:

Using a range of acquisition parameters, a CDRAD 2.0 phantom was used to acquire a set of images with different levels of image quality. LCD detectability using the CDRAD 2.0 phantom, represented by an image quality figure inverse (IQFinv) metric, was determined using the phantom analyser software. A Lungman chest phantom was loaded with two simulated lesions, of different sizes/placed in different locations, and was imaged using the same acquisition factors as the CDRAD 2.0 phantom. A relative visual grading analysis (VGA) was used by seven observers for IQ and LV evaluation of the Lungman images. Correlations between IQFinv, IQ and LV were investigated. Results: Pearson’s correlation demonstrated a strong positive correlation (r = 0.91; p < 0.001) between the IQ and the IQFinv. Spearman’s correlation showed a good positive correlation (r = 0.79; p < 0.001) and (r = 0.68; p < 0.001) between the IQFinv and the LV for the first lesion (left upper lobe) and the second lesion (right middle lobe), respectively.

Conclusions:

From results presented in this study, the automated evaluation of LCD detectability using CDRAD 2.0 phantom is likely to be a suitable option for IQ and LV evaluation in digital CXR optimisation studies.

Advances in knowledge:

This research establishes the potential of the CDRAD 2.0 phantom in digital CXR optimisation studies.
Searching for context – 1984
Authors: Sibila Iva Nerina
Published: June 2018

An overview of the pivotal personalities on the Zagreb dance scene as related to the programming of the first Dance Week Festival in 1984. These are the School of Rhythmics and Dance, Contemporary Dance Studio, Free Dance Chamber Company and Zagreb Dance Company. By making a note on the progress of these entities, aesthetic orientations and positions in the social environment and reviewing the performances, a dynamics of the scene of the period is delineated.
Meta-morphic punk
Authors: Vevar Rok , Založnik Jasmina
Published: June 2018

The article takes a renewed interest in the artistic practices of the 1980s in Slovenia, aiming to build bridges between individual actors of the 1980s alternative scene in Ljubljana and to account for certain actors, who have been up to now lacking in interpretations of this period, and related phenomena ought nevertheless to be included in this narrative. By analysing new cultural phenomena, the article shows that one of the crucial vectors is a revision of the conception, perception and use of the public. Punk, as a catalyst for new social, cultural and artistic phenomena, is here understood as an ideological rather than aesthetic position. The contribution thus analyses the spectrum of tactics and strategies that enabled a specific cultural interregnum to inhabit the dissolving context of late-Yugoslav socialism. The conceptual framework given here perverts the traditional theatrical dichotomy between performers and audience, as performance suddenly includes everyone: urban space is transformed into performative materiality and theatrical semiotics. Space understood in this way, in which a multiplication of bodies can be perceived, can be thought of as a space of a different type of politics and can be sensitivized anew. To actualize punk’s starting points within the horizon of a new policy, what is needed is a spectrum of differences, i.e. regimes of corporeality, with which choreographic and dance practices are manifested as a proactive partner in an opening up of the public.
Pouvreauren Hiztegiaren antolakuntzaz / On the organization of Pouvreau's dictionary
Authors: Etxagibel Javier
Published: June 2018

In the research work "Silvain Pouvreauren hiztegiaren iturriak eta testukritikaren metodologia" (ASJU XLII-2, 2008, 69-118) we studied the Pouvreau’s literature and lexical sources with the support of the text criticism. Among the conclusions, we pointed out the need of going deep into the study of the mentioned written sources, and to approach to the aspects of the Pouvreau’s lexicography that in the previous works carried out by several researchers had been insufficiently studied or remained unstudied, i.e. the dictionary patterns apart from Voltoire’s one (ASJU XLIV-2, 2010, 221-278) on what Pouvreau could based to prepare theirs, the structuration’s process of the dictionary, their chronology, the gathered basque spoken testimonies, evolution with the time of dictionary’s entries and subentries, and so on. These objectives prompted us to carry out with the aid in this occasion the metalexicography and the text criticism, the doctoral thesis called Pouvreauren hiztegia testukritika eta metalexikografiaren argitan that we defended in november of 2014.In this number of ASJU we present the section of the thesis "Pouvreauren hiztegiaren antolakuntza" that is divided in three subsections: i) about dictionary’ structure, i.e. macro and microstructure ii) about French lexicography pattern, i.e. traces of the French lexicographers Voltoire, Oudin and Nicot in the Pouvreau’s dictionary. iii) about structuration of the dictionary.The main results we have obtained are the following: the nomenclature is organized in an ethymological order as that Nicot’s dictionary has. Regarding the microstructure, our results are not conclusive, because Pouvreau’s original manuscript has a lot of marginal entries, Spanish equivalents, proverbes and so on, that difficult to draw out any final conclusion. On the other hand, Nicot’s and Oudin’s dictionaries were the main patterns that Pouvreau utilized to organize theirs, at a greater extent than Voltoire’s one. In efect, it looks like Pouvreau consulted the two dictionaries simultaneously, but choosing the ethymological order of the Nicot’s one as the guide. Finally, and according with our hypothesis Pouvreau utilized mainly two starting languages to structure their dictionary: i) French: on one hand looking for the correspondant Basque equivalents to Nicot’s and Oudin’s entries, and on the other hand, but an a more little extent by incorporating as entries several terms from he himself translated texts from French to Basque, ii) Basque: incorporating Basque authors’ and spoken testimonies.
Integrität
Authors: Pollmann Arnd
Published: June 2018

Was bedeutet es, Integrität zu besitzen? In der kapitalistischen Spätmoderne wird es zunehmend schwieriger, »integer« zu sein und auch zu bleiben. Wachsende soziale Desintegration und Entfremdung lassen personale Attribute wie »Unbestechlichkeit«, »Selbsttreue«, »Rechtschaffenheit«, »Ganzheit« und »Unversehrtheit« an Bedeutung gewinnen. Bislang fehlte eine philosophische Theorie, die diese und weitere Bedeutungsdimensionen des Integritätsbegriffes umfassend zu erhellen und zu vermitteln vermochte. Mit »Integrität« liegt die erste deutschsprachige Monographie zum Thema vor. Sie gibt den Blick frei auf Integritätsgefährdungen und -verletzungen, die für unsere Zeit typisch sind.
TransCoding - From `Highbrow Art' to Participatory Culture
Authors: Lüneburg Barbara
Published: June 2018

Between 2014 and 2017, the artistic research project "TransCoding - From 'Highbrow Art' to Participatory Culture" encouraged creative participation in multimedia art via social media. Based on the artworks that emerged from the project, Barbara Lüneburg investigates authorship, authority, motivational factors, and aesthetics in participatory art created with the help of web 2.0 technology. The interdisciplinary approach includes perspectives from sociology, cultural and media studies, and offers an exclusive view and analysis from the inside through the method of artistic research. In addition, the study documents selected community projects and the creation processes of the artworks Slices of Life and Read me.
Fake Fotos
Authors: Chiquet Vera
Published: June 2018

»Was wir über unsere Gesellschaft, ja über die Welt, in der wir leben, wissen, wissen wir durch die Medien« - so lautet eine Feststellung Niklas Luhmanns. In der Tat werden unsere Wahrnehmung und unser Wissen von den wichtigsten zeitgenössischen Massenmedien strukturiert. Vera Chiquets Studie zu den zwischen 1930 und 1938 entstandenen Fotomontagen des deutschen Künstlers John Heartfield (1891-1968) macht den Stellenwert deutlich, den die damals technisch gerade erst möglich gewordene fotografische Manipulation in den Illustrierten Zeitungen - das zentrale Leitmedium in der Zeit der Machtergreifung durch Hitler - hatte. Sie zieht hinsichtlich des thematischen Potpourris und des Schwerpunktes auf Fotografie Vergleiche mit heutigen elektronischen Informationsportalen und zeigt, dass Fake News kein Phänomen ausschließlich des 21. Jahrhunderts sind.
Warum wir wissen, was wir tun
Authors: Schaupp Anna Magdalena
Published: June 2018

Die Frage »Was machst du?« hat einen festen Platz in unserem Alltag. Wonach erkundigt sich jemand, der wissen will, was sein Gegenüber tut? An einer gewöhnlichen Antwort - etwa: »Ich schreibe eine Geburtstagskarte.« - wird unmittelbar deutlich, was die Schreibende augenblicklich macht. Erstaunlicherweise sagt sie nicht, woran wir ihr Schreiben erkennen. Anna Magdalena Schaupp zeigt, warum wir dennoch wissen, was die Person tut, indem sie das Handeln von seinem Vollzug her aufgreift und versucht, Handlungen weder von ihren Zielen noch von ihren Ursachen oder Gründen - sondern vom Handeln - her zu denken.