bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Parapluie – Realisierung einer ultraschlanken Betonschale durch Aktivierung einer Membrantragwirkung
Authors: Eisenbach Philipp , Vasudevan Ragunath , Grohmann Manfred , Bollinger Klaus , Hauser Stephan
Published: January 2014

Der Parapluie ist eine ultraschlanke Sichtbetonschale, die für eine Serienproduktion von Haltestellendächern entwickelt wurde, bei der die gefräste Schalung mehrfach verwendet wird und dessen Prototyp bereits errichtet wurde. Dabei wurde sich eines mikrobewehrten Hochleistungsbetons mit einer Armierung aus Edelstahl bedient, die gleichmäßig über den Querschnitt bis an die Randfasern verteilt ist. Dieses Material bietet eine größtmögliche Duktilität bei gleichzeitig hoher Tragfähigkeit des Bauteils. Der so erlangte biaxial homogene Werkstoff erlaubt zudem eine annähernd linear elastische Tragwerksanalyse. Das Ziel war, eine Schale zu fertigen, die so schlank und so leicht wie möglich ist. Mithilfe eines parametrischen Formfindungsprozesses wurde ein System entwickelt, dessen Lastabtrag, analog eines in der Hand gewölbten Blatt Papiers, fast ausschließlich über eine Membrantragwirkung stattfindet. Das Ergebnis ist eine Freiformschale ohne Stahleinbauteile mit einer Plattendicke an den Rändern von weniger als 24 mm.

Parapluie – Fabrication of an Ultra Thin Concrete Shell by Activating Membrane Effects

Parapluie is an ultra thin architectural concrete shell structure for a bus stop shelter designed for a serial production by multiple reuse of the formwork. It is made of ultra‐high‐performance‐concrete that is reinforced with a layered micro mat reinforcement distributed over the whole cross section with zero distance to the outer surfaces. This material composition leads to a highly ductile behavior that is substantiated by the biaxial homogenous cross section layout that allows a linear elastic structural analysis. The aim was to achieve a concrete shell that is as slender and lightweight as possible. By a parametric form finding process a system was developed that is able to transfer the loads of the shell mostly by membrane effects with the analogy of the structure of a sheet of paper. The result is a concrete shell with no steel embedded items and an edge thickness of less than 24 mm.
Engineering the extracellular matrix for clinical applications: Endoderm, mesoderm, and ectoderm
Authors: Williams Miguel L. , Bhatia Sujata K.
Published: January 2014

Tissue engineering is rapidly progressing from a research‐based discipline to clinical applications. Emerging technologies could be utilized to develop therapeutics for a wide range of diseases, but many are contingent on a cell scaffold that can produce proper tissue ultrastructure. The extracellular matrix, which a cell scaffold simulates, is not merely a foundation for tissue growth but a dynamic participant in cellular crosstalk and organ homeostasis. Cells change their growth rates, recruitment, and differentiation in response to the composition, modulus, and patterning of the substrate on which they reside. Cell scaffolds can regulate these factors through precision design, functionalization, and application. The ideal therapy would utilize highly specialized cell scaffolds to best mimic the tissue of interest. This paper discusses advantages and challenges of optimized cell scaffold design in the endoderm, mesoderm, and ectoderm for clinical applications in tracheal transplant, cardiac regeneration, and skin grafts, respectively.
Shining light on cell death processes – a novel biosensor for necroptosis, a newly described cell death program
Authors: Sipieter François , Ladik Maria , Vandenabeele Peter , Riquet Franck
Published: January 2014

Cell death contributes to the maintenance of homeostasis, but mounting evidence has confirmed the involvement of programmed cell death in some diseases. The concept of programmed cell death, which was coined several decades ago to refer to apoptosis, now also encompasses necroptosis, a newly characterized cell death program. Research on programmed cell death has become essential for the development of some new therapies. To study cell death signaling and its molecular mechanisms, new biochemical and fluorogenic approaches have been devised. Here, we first provide an overview of programmed cell death modes and the importance of dynamic cell death studies. Next, we focus on both apoptotic and necroptotic signaling and their mechanisms by providing a systematic review of all the methods and approaches that have been used. We emphasize the contribution of advanced approaches based on fluorescent probes, reporters, and Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET)‐based biosensors for studying programmed cell death. Because apoptosis and necroptosis signaling pathways share some effectors molecules, we discuss how these new tools could be used to discriminate between apoptosis and necroptosis. We also describe how we developed specific FRET‐based biosensors for detecting necroptosis. Finally, we touch on how dynamic measurement of biomolecules in living models will play a role in personalized prognosis and therapy.
Split‐Cre recombinase effectively monitors protein–protein interactions in living bacteria
Authors: O'Brien Sean P. , DeLisa Matthew P.
Published: January 2014

The ability of Cre recombinase to excise genetic material has been used extensively for genome engineering in prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. Recently, split‐Cre fragments have been described that advance control of recombinase activity in mammalian cells. However, whether these fragments can be utilized for monitoring protein‐protein interactions has not been reported. In this work, we developed a protein‐fragment complementation assay (PCA) based on split‐Cre for monitoring and engineering pairwise protein interactions in living Escherichia coli cells. This required creation of a dual‐fluorescent reporter plasmid that permits visualization of reconstituted Cre recombinase activity by switching from red to green in the presence of an interacting protein pair. The resulting split‐Cre PCA faithfully links cell fluorescence with differences in binding affinity, thereby allowing the facile isolation of high‐affinity binders based on phenotype. Given the resolution of its activity and sensitivity to interactions, our system may prove a viable option for poorly expressed or weakly interacting protein pairs that evade detection in other PCA formats. Based on these findings, we anticipate that our split‐Cre PCA will become a highly complementary and useful new addition to the protein‐protein interaction toolbox.
ChemInform Abstract: Sodium Selenite Pentahydrate, Na2SeO3·5H2O.
Authors: Mereiter Kurt
Published: January 2014

Single crystals of Na2SeO3·5H2O are grown by evaporation of an aqueous solution of Na2SeO3.
ChemInform Abstract: [Ru(Bi8)2]6+ — A Cluster in a Highly Disordered Crystal Structure Is the Key to the Understanding of the Coordination Chemistry of Bismuth Polycations.
Authors: Groh Matthias F. , Isaeva Anna , Frey Christoph , Ruck Michael
Published: January 2014

Black platelets of Bi39.67Ru2Br35.0 are crystallized from a melt of Bi, BiBr3, and Ru (evacuated silica tube, 450 °C, 8 h).
ChemInform Abstract: Zn3 and Ga3 Triangles as Building Units in Sr2Au6Zn3 and Sr2Au6Ga3.
Authors: Gerke Birgit , Hoffmann Rolf‐Dieter , Poettgen Rainer
Published: January 2014

Sr2Au6.52Zn2.48 (I), Sr2Au6Zn3 (II), and Sr2Au6Ga3 (III) intermetallic compounds are obtained by induction melting of the elements in sealed Ta tubes (1.
ChemInform Abstract: Room‐Temperature Large Magnetic‐Dielectric Coupling in New Phase Anatase VTiO4.
Authors: Wu Changzheng , et al. et al.
Published: January 2014

The new title phase is hydrothermally synthesized from a mixture of VO(acac)2, K2TiO(C2O4)2, and H2O (autoclave, 200 °C, 10 h).
ChemInform Abstract: An Investigation on Synthesis and Photocatalytic Properties of Eu‐Doped Anatase TiO2 Coated Magnetite.
Authors: Yao Shuhua , Zhang Yaxing , Shi Zhongliang , Wang Shaofeng
Published: January 2014

The TiO2:Eu coated magnetite nanocomposite photocatalyst is prepared by hydrolysis of a Ti(O‐Bu)4 microemulsion in cyclohexane in presence of Fe3O4 and appropriate amounts of Eu(NO3)3.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Crystal Structure of Triammine Pentafluorido Tantalum(V) [TaF5(NH3)3].
Authors: Baer Sebastian A. , Lozinsek Matic , Kraus Florian
Published: January 2014

TaF5(NH3)3 is prepared by reaction of Sr(HF)3(TaF6)2 with liquid NH3 (‐40 °C, several months of crystal growth).
ChemInform Abstract: Crystal Structure and Morphology Control of Molybdenum Carbide Nanomaterials Synthesized from an Amine—Metal Oxide Composite.
Authors: Wan Cheng , Knight Nicole A. , Leonard Brian M.
Published: January 2014

Molybdenum carbide nanomaterials are synthesized by thermal decomposition (625—900 °C) of precipitates obtained from mixtures of (NH4)6Mo7O24 and an amine in water (pH <3 adjusted with HCl, 50 °C, 2.5 h).
ChemInform Abstract: Isolation of the Large {Actinide}38 Poly‐oxo Cluster with Uranium.
Authors: Falaise Clement , Volkringer Christophe , Vigier Jean‐Francois , Beaurain Arnaud , Roussel Pascal , Rabu Pierre , Loiseau Thierry
Published: January 2014

Black crystals of U38O56Cl18(thf)8 (BzO)24·8THF are solvothermally synthesized from a mixture of UCl4, Bz‐OH, THF, and a controlled amount of H2O (autoclave, Ar, 130 °C, 36 h, 72% yield).
ChemInform Abstract: Mild Solvothermal Syntheses of Thioargentates A—Ag—S (A: K, Rb, Cs) and A—Ag—Ge—S (A: Na, Rb): Crucial Role of Excess Sulfur.
Authors: Zhang Chi , Wang Kai‐Ni , Ji Min , An Yong‐Lin
Published: January 2014

Compounds (IVa,b), (VI), (IX), and (XII) are solvothermally synthesized in the presence of excess sulfur under mild conditions.
ChemInform Abstract: Enantioselective Ir‐Catalyzed Hydrogenation of Minimally Functionalized Olefins Using Pyranoside Phosphinite‐Oxazoline Ligands.
Authors: Mazuela Javier , Pamies Oscar , Dieguez Montserrat
Published: January 2014

A novel iridium complex containing a pyranoside phosphinite‐oxazoline ligand is prepared and successfully applied as catalyst for the asymmetric hydrogenation of different di‐ and trisubstituted alkenes.
ChemInform Abstract: Enantioselective Synthesis of δ‐/γ‐Alkoxy‐β‐hydroxy‐α‐alkyl‐substituted Weinreb Amides via DKR—ATH: Application to the Synthesis of Advanced Intermediate of (‐)‐Brevisamide.
Authors: Kumaraswamy Gullapalli , Murthy Akula Narayana , Narayanarao Vykunthapu , Vemulapalli Sahithya Phani Babu , Bharatam Jagadeesh
Published: January 2014

A series of enantiopure δ‐ and γ‐alkoxy‐β‐hydroxy‐substituted Weinreb amides (II) and (V) is readily prepared via a dynamic kinetic resolution (DKR)‐Ru‐catalyzed asymmetric transfer hydrogenation (ATH) of corresponding ketones.
ChemInform Abstract: Metal Free Catalytic Hydroboration of Multiple Bonds in Methanol Using N‐Heterocyclic Carbenes under Open Atmosphere.
Authors: Wen Kun , Chen Jinbo , Gao Feng , Bhadury Pinaki S. , Fan Erkang , Sun Zhihua
Published: January 2014

Various aldimines, ketimines, α,β‐unsaturated carbonyl compounds and alkynes are efficiently hydroborated by bis(pinacolato)diboron in the presence of an N‐heterocyclic carbene catalyst.
ChemInform Abstract: PCP‐Pincer Palladium Nanoparticles Supported on Modified Merrifield Resin: A Novel and Efficient Heterogeneous Catalyst for Carbon—Carbon Cross‐Coupling Reactions.
Authors: Tamami Bahman , Nezhad Molki Mohaghegh , Ghasemi Soheila , Farjadian Fatemeh
Published: January 2014

The catalyst can be re‐used up to 10 times without significant loss in activity.
ChemInform Abstract: Enantioselective α‐Alkenylation of Aldehydes with Boronic Acids via the Synergistic Combination of Copper(II) and Amine Catalysis.
Authors: Stevens Jason M. , MacMillan David W. C.
Published: January 2014

The new method can be applied to various aldehydes and boronic acids giving products that can further be converted into β‐iodo‐γ‐butyrolactones [e.g. (VIII)].
ChemInform Abstract: Enantioselective Ullmann Ether Couplings: Syntheses of (—)‐Myricatomentogenin (VIII), (—)‐Jugcathanin (X), (+)‐Galeon (III), and (+)‐Pterocarine (IV).
Authors: Salih M. Quamar , Beaudry Christopher M.
Published: January 2014

The optimized Ullmann ether couplings by using N‐methyl‐L‐proline as chiral catalyst render possible the enantioselective cyclization of compounds (I) and (V) to give the axial chiral cyclophane products which can be selectively deprotected to give the title species without loss of enantioselectivity.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of trans‐2‐(Trifluoromethyl)cyclopropanes via Suzuki Reactions with an N‐Methyliminodiacetic Acid Boronate.
Authors: Duncton Matthew A. J. , Singh Rajinder
Published: January 2014

Diastereomerically pure MIDA‐boronate (I) is used as stable precursor for the introduction of a trifluoromethylcyclopropyl group into a variety of aryl or heteroaryl substrates via Suzuki cross‐coupling reaction.
ChemInform Abstract: Minimizing the Amount of Nitromethane in Palladium‐Catalyzed Cross‐Coupling with Aryl Halides.
Authors: Walvoord Ryan R. , Kozlowski Marisa C.
Published: January 2014

With only 2 equivalents of nitroalkane substrate the reaction takes longer and yields less product.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of [Zn(II)BHPPDAH] as New Heterogeneous Catalyst Without Being Immobilized on Any Support and Applied for Mannich Reaction.
Authors: Khalifeh Reza , Sharghi Hashem , Rashidi Zahra
Published: January 2014

The newly synthesized Zn complex is used as a catalyst for the three‐component coupling reaction of aldehydes, alkynes, and secondary amines.
ChemInform Abstract: Reaction of Arynes with Vinylogous Amides: Nucleophilic Addition to the ortho‐Quinodimethide Intermediate.
Authors: Li Ran , Wang Xuemei , Wei Zhibin , Wu Chunrui , Shi Feng
Published: January 2014

Vinylogous amides react with arynes in a [2 + 2] cycloaddition/ring‐opening sequence to furnish an electronically instable ortho‐quinodimethide intermediate.
ChemInform Abstract: Copper‐Mediated Trifluoromethylation of Propiolic Acids: Facile Synthesis of α‐Trifluoromethyl Ketones.
Authors: He Zhengbiao , Zhang Rui , Hu Mingyou , Li Lingchun , Ni Chuanfa , Hu Jinbo
Published: January 2014

The reaction differs from the previously known decarboxylative trifluoromethylation protocols as water is involved as a reagent in the reaction.
ChemInform Abstract: Silver Carboxylate Promoted Lactonization: A General Method Applicable to Prepare Medium and Large‐Sized Lactones Without High Dilution or Slow Addition.
Authors: Liu Le , Xu Shimin , Zhou Hongwei
Published: January 2014

The title method is advantageous with regards to simple operation and ready availability of starting materials.
ChemInform Abstract: Cobalt—Salen Complex‐Catalyzed Oxidative Generation of Alkyl Radicals from Aldehydes for the Preparation of Hydroperoxides.
Authors: Watanabe Eiichi , Kaiho Atsushi , Kusama Hiroyuki , Iwasawa Nobuharu
Published: January 2014

The new method can also be applied to get primary alkyl radicals which are usually difficult to generate from aldehydes.
ChemInform Abstract: Copper‐Catalyzed C—N Cross‐Coupling of Sulfondiimines with Boronic Acids.
Authors: Bohmann Rebekka Anna , Bolm Carsten
Published: January 2014

The copper‐catalyzed C—N cross‐coupling of sulfondiimines with boronic acids opens access to a variety of N,N′‐disubstituted sulfondiimines, including N‐(hetero)aryl derivatives and the first reported N‐alkenylated sulfondiimine (V).
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium‐Catalyzed Three‐Component Reaction of Allenes, Aryl Iodides, and Diazo Compounds: Approach to 1,3‐Dienes.
Authors: Xiao Qing , Wang Binglong , Tian Leiming , Yang Yang , Ma Jian , Zhang Yan , Chen Shufeng , Wang Jianbo
Published: January 2014

This new method provides a wide range of different substituted total E configured 1,3‐dienes starting from simple substrates by using the title multicomponent reaction.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Diverse Indene Derivatives from 1‐Diazonaphthalen‐2(1H)‐ones via Thermal Cascade Reactions.
Authors: Magar Krishna Bahadur Somai , Lee Yong Rok
Published: January 2014

A sequential Wolff rearrangement of 1‐diazonaphthalen‐2(1H)‐ones (I) followed by trapping of the ketene intermediate with primary and aromatic amines or alcohols and phenols in the presence of various aldehydes generates 1H‐indene‐3‐carboxamides or 1H‐indene‐3‐carboxylates.
ChemInform Abstract: Fusion at the Non‐K‐Region of Pyrene: An Alternative Strategy to Extend the π‐Conjugated Plane of Pyrene.
Authors: Zou Lin , Wang Xiao‐Ye , Shi Ke , Wang Jie‐Yu , Pei Jian
Published: January 2014

A large fused pyrene derivative (IV) is easily prepared by fusion at the non‐K‐region of pyrene for the first time.
ChemInform Abstract: Convergent Access to Bis‐Spiroacetals Through a Sila‐Stetter—Ketalization Cascade.
Authors: Labarre‐Laine Jessica , Beniazza Redouane , Desvergnes Valerie , Landais Yannick
Published: January 2014

The NHC‐catalyzed title reaction between aliphatic acylsilanes and vinylketones bearing silyl ether groups affords bis‐spiroacetals (IV) and (XV) in two steps.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 3,3‐Disubstituted Oxindoles by Palladium‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Intramolecular α‐Arylation of Amides: Reaction Development and Mechanistic Studies.
Authors: Katayev Dmitry , Jia Yi‐Xia , Sharma Akhilesh K. , Banerjee Dipshikha , Besnard Celine , Sunoj Raghavan B. , Kuendig E. Peter
Published: January 2014

Novel types of naphthyl‐containing chiral NHC‐precursors are designed and utilized as ligands for the Pd‐catalyzed intramolecular α‐arylation of amides.
ChemInform Abstract: Bifunctionalized Allenes. Part 10. An Electrophilic Cyclization Protocol for Convenient Highly Regioselective Synthesis of 3‐Sulfonylfuran‐2(5H)‐ones from 2‐Sulfonylallenoates
Authors: Chritov Valerij Ch. , Ivanov Ivaylo K. , Ismailov Ismail E.
Published: January 2014

scope and limitations
ChemInform Abstract: A General, Flexible, Ring Closing Metathesis (RCM) Based Strategy for Accessing the Fused Furo[3,2‐b]furanone Moiety Present in Diverse Bioactive Natural Products.
Authors: Lone Ali Mohd , Bhat Bilal Ahmad , Mehta Goverdhan
Published: January 2014

A general method to construct sterically encumbered furo[3,2‐b]furanone scaffolds is developed using sequential Grubbs ring closing metathesis and oxy‐Michael addition reactions as key steps.
ChemInform Abstract: Benzofuran synthesis via Copper‐Mediated Oxidative Annulation of Phenols and Unactivated Internal Alkynes.
Authors: Zhu Ruyi , Wei Jiangbo , Shi Zhangjie
Published: January 2014

The first example of copper‐mediated oxidative annulation of phenols and unactivated internal alkynes is demonstrated.
ChemInform Abstract: Reductive Iodonio‐Claisen Rearrangement of Iodothiophene Diacetates with Allylsilanes: Formal Synthesis of Plavix®.
Authors: Nguyen Hai , Khatri Hem Raj , Zhu Jianglong
Published: January 2014

Iodothiophene diacetates react with allyltrimethylsilanes in the presence of boron trifluoride diethyl etherate to afford the corresponding ortho‐allyliodothiophenes via a reductive iodonio‐Claisen rearrangement.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium‐ and Ruthenium‐Catalyzed Cycloisomerization of Enynamides and Enynhydrazides: A Rapid Approach to Diverse Azacyclic Frameworks.
Authors: Walker P. Ross , Campbell Craig D. , Suleman Abid , Carr Greg , Anderson Edward A.
Published: January 2014

A highly efficient, stereo‐ and regioselective method for the cycloisomerizations of readily prepared alkynyl amides is developed to furnish a wide range of products having the attractive azacyclic scaffold.
ChemInform Abstract: Aromatic C—H Coupling with Hindered Arylboronic Acids by Pd/Fe Dual Catalysts.
Authors: Yamaguchi Kazuya , Kondo Hiroki , Yamaguchi Junichiro , Itami Kenichiro
Published: January 2014

The dual catalytic system enables the synthesis of sterically hindered heteroaryls and styrene derivatives under aerobic conditions without any stoichiometric co‐oxidants.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Construction of Vicinal All‐Carbon Quaternary Stereocenters and Its Application to the Synthesis of Cyclotryptamine Alkaloids.
Authors: Trost Barry M. , Osipov Maksim
Published: January 2014

Chiral bisallyl oxindole (II) can be easily obtained in gram quantities and further transformations gives bisindole (III), which is a known intermediate for the syntheses of the cyclotryptamine alkaloids chimonanthine, folicanthine, or calycanthine.
ChemInform Abstract: Regioselective C2 Oxidative Olefination of Indoles and Pyrroles Through Cationic Rhodium(III)‐Catalyzed C—H Bond Activation.
Authors: Li Bin , Ma Jianfeng , Xie Weijia , Song Haibin , Xu Shansheng , Wang Baiquan
Published: January 2014

Reaction conditions are optimized for the efficient Rh‐catalyzed oxidative olefination of 2‐unsubstituted indoles using N,N‐dimethylcarbamoyl as readily removable N‐protecting and directing group.
ChemInform Abstract: Enantioselective Synthesis of 3‐Hydroxy Oxindoles by Ytterbium‐Catalyzed Decarboxylative Addition of β‐Ketoacids to Isatins.
Authors: Duan Zhiqiang , Han Jianlin , Qian Ping , Zhang Zirui , Wang Yi , Pan Yi
Published: January 2014

A series of biologically important 3‐hydroxy oxindoles (III) is prepared in generally high yields and enantioselectivities via a Y(III)—indapybox catalyzed decarboxylative addition reaction.
ChemInform Abstract: Mild, Efficient Fischer Indole Synthesis Using 2,4,6‐Trichloro‐1,3,5‐triazine (TCT).
Authors: Siddalingamurthy Eranna , Mahadevan Kittappa M. , Masagalli Jagadeesh N. , Harishkumar Hosanagara N.
Published: January 2014

The title method is advantageous with regards to functional group tolerance and the ease of product isolation.
ChemInform Abstract: Copper(II) Chloride Mediated (Aza)oxindole Synthesis by Oxidative Coupling of C(sp2)—H and C(sp3)—H Centers: Substrate Scope and DFT Study.
Authors: Dey Chandan , Larionov Evgeny , Kuendig E. Peter
Published: January 2014

A simple procedure is elaborated for the preparation of oxindoles as well as azaoxindoles by an intramolecular oxidative cyclization of corresponding amides.
ChemInform Abstract: One‐Shot Indole‐to‐Carbazole π‐Extension by a Pd—Cu—Ag Trimetallic System.
Authors: Ozaki Kyohei , Zhang Hua , Ito Hideto , Lei Aiwen , Itami Kenichiro
Published: January 2014

The reaction proceeds via Pd/Cu‐catalyzed indole C—H alkenylation, Ag‐promoted Diels—Alder reaction and dehydrogenative aromatization.
ChemInform Abstract: Efficient Synthesis of 1,4‐Disubstituted Triazolyl N‐Carboxamides via a Simple and Convenient MCR Using Basic Alumina as Solid Support.
Authors: Pal Rammyani , Sarkar Swarbhanu , Chatterjee Nivedita , Sen Asish Kumar
Published: January 2014

The synthesis of the title compounds involves in situ formation of organic azides, 1,3‐dipolar cycloaddition of the latter with terminal alkynes and amide or ester bond formation.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of 2‐Arylamino‐5‐(3′‐indolyl)‐1,3,4‐oxadiazoles as Potent Cytotoxic Agents.
Authors: Tantak Mukund P. , Kumar Anil , Noel Brett , Shah Kavita , Kumar Dalip
Published: January 2014

All compounds (II) possess significant antiproliferative activity against the cancer cell lines HEK293, HeLa, LNCaP, MCF‐7, PC3, and MDA‐MB‐231.
ChemInform Abstract: Catalytic Cascade Hydroalkoxylation/Isomerization/[4 + 2] Cycloaddition Using Enyne Alcohols as Latent Dienes or Dienophiles.
Authors: Guo Rui , Li Kang‐Nan , Gong Liu‐Zhu
Published: January 2014

Enyne alcohols (I) are convenient starting materials for the preparation of oxa‐bridged tricyclic dione (III) and chiral furo[3,4‐c]pyran derivatives (V) via unprecedented cascade reactions.
ChemInform Abstract: Rhodium(III)‐Catalyzed Coupling of Arenes with 7‐Oxa/Azabenzonorbornadienes by C—H Activation.
Authors: Qi Zisong , Li Xingwei
Published: January 2014

Depending on the substrate, these methods yield either 2‐naphthyl‐substituted arenes (from (II)) or cis‐fused dihydrocarbazole derivatives (from (XVI)).
ChemInform Abstract: Core‐Structure‐Motivated Design of Iminium—Enolate Organocascade Reactions: Enantioselective Syntheses of 5,6‐Dihydroindolizines.
Authors: Jiang Xianxing , Tan Bin , Barbas Carlos F. III
Published: January 2014

This highly efficient method affords diverse substituted dihydroindolizines with high enantioselectivities via the title cascade reaction by using simple starting materials.
ChemInform Abstract: Design, Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Aryl Pyrimidine Derivatives as Potential Leishmanicidal Agents.
Authors: Suryawanshi S. N. , Kumar Santosh , Shivahare Rahul , Pandey Susmita , Tiwari Avinash , Gupta Suman
Published: January 2014

Compound (IIIc) exhibits a significant inhibition of parasitic multiplication of 88.4% at a daily dosis of 50mg/kg x 5 days when administered intraperitoneally.
ChemInform Abstract: Pd(0)‐Catalyzed Benzylic Arylation—Oxidation of 4‐Methylquinazolines via sp3 C—H Activation under Air Conditions.
Authors: Zhao Dan , Zhu Min‐Xue , Wang Yue , Shen Qi , Li Jian‐Xin
Published: January 2014

The title reaction enables the introduction of an aryl ketone at the benzylic position of quinazolines (I) without the use of an additional directing group.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Novel Pyrazole‐Based Heterocycles via a Copper(II)‐Catalyzed Domino Annulation.
Authors: Gyuris Mario , Puskas Laszlo G. , Toth Gabor K. , Kanizsai Ivan
Published: January 2014

Pyrazole‐based β‐aminonitriles (I) and ‐carbaldehydes (VI) are introduced as bifunctional building blocks in a two‐step one‐pot domino reaction with chloroalkyl isocyanates.
ChemInform Abstract: Convenient Synthesis of 6‐Amino‐3,4‐dihydro‐2H‐pyrimido[2,1a]isoquinoline‐7‐carbonitriles and 5‐Amino‐2,3‐dihydroimidazo[2,1‐a]isoquinoline‐6‐carbonitriles
Authors: Kobayashi Kazuhiro , Ezaki Kosuke , Komatsu Toshihide
Published: January 2014

by Cu(I)‐catalyzed reaction of 2‐(o‐bromophenyl)‐dihydroimidazoles (I) or ‐tetrahydropyrimidines (IV) with malononitrile, respectively
ChemInform Abstract: Desymmetrization of meso‐2,5‐Diallylpyrrolidinyl Ureas Through Asymmetric Palladium‐Catalyzed Carboamination: Stereocontrolled Synthesis of Bicyclic Ureas.
Authors: Babij Nicholas R. , Wolfe John P.
Published: January 2014

This novel title reaction allows the asymmetric synthesis of bicyclic urea derivatives bearing three stereocenters.
ChemInform Abstract: Novel Isocyanide‐Based Three‐Component Reaction: A Facile Synthesis of Substituted 1H‐Chromeno[2,3‐d]pyrimidine‐5‐carboxamides.
Authors: Soleimani Ebrahim , Ghorbani Somayeh , Ghasempour Hamid Reza
Published: January 2014

Under optimized conditions, the one‐pot three‐component reaction of salicylaldehydes, barbituric acid, and isocyanides affords the title compounds in high yields under mild conditions.
ChemInform Abstract: An Expedient, Ionic Liquid Mediated Multi‐Component Synthesis of Novel Piperidone Grafted Cholinesterase Enzymes Inhibitors and Their Molecular Modeling Study.
Authors: Basiri Alireza , Murugaiyah Vikneswaran , Osman Hasnah , Kumar Raju Suresh , Kia Yalda , Awang Khalijah Binti , Ali Mohamed Ashraf
Published: January 2014

Title compounds (IV) are synthesized and evaluated for their inhibitory activities against AChE and BChE enzymes with (IVa,d,e) displaying superior activities.
ChemInform Abstract: Facile Domino Access to Unexpected Alkyl 3‐Substituted‐2‐hydroxy‐3,4‐dihydro‐2H‐1,4‐benzoxazine‐2‐carboxylates.
Authors: Zhang Ya‐Ru , Huang Xiao , Xu Dong‐Cheng , Xie Jian‐Wu
Published: January 2014

A new domino alkylation‐cyclization‐air oxidation of 2‐halo‐1,3‐dicarbonyl compounds such as (II) and (V) with 2‐aminophenols (I) is developed.
ChemInform Abstract: A Convenient Method to Construct (Z)‐Oxazines via 6‐Exo‐dig Iodocyclization and Synthesis of Indolin‐3‐one.
Authors: Vandavasi Jaya Kishore , Kuo Kung‐Kai , Hu Wan‐Ping , Shen Ho‐Chanu , Lo Wei‐Sheng , Wang Jeh‐Jeng
Published: January 2014

A novel method for the preparation of (Z)‐isomers of 4‐(iodomethylidene)‐1,3‐benzoxazines (II) via 6‐exo‐dig cyclization is reported.
ChemInform Abstract: N‐Benzylation/Benzylic C—H Amidation Cascade by the (η3‐Benzyl)palladium System in Aqueous Media: An Effective Pathway for the Direct Construction of 3‐Phenyl‐3,4‐dihydro‐(2H)‐1,2,4‐benzothiadiazine 1,1‐Dioxides.
Authors: Hikawa Hidemasa , Matsuda Naoya , Suzuki Hideharu , Yokoyama Yuusaku , Azumaya Isao
Published: January 2014

Water plays a crucial role in the activation of the benzylic alcohols.
ChemInform Abstract: Rh(III)‐Catalyzed C—H Activation/Cycloaddition of Benzamides and Methylenecyclopropanes: Divergence in Ring Formation.
Authors: Cui Sunliang , Zhang Yan , Wu Qifan
Published: January 2014

The title reaction affords a variety of spiro dihydroisoquinolinones and furan‐fused azepinones.
ChemInform Abstract: Structure, Theoretical Studies, and Coupling Reactions of Some New Cyclic Boronic Esters.
Authors: Kuttler Andrew , Durganala Srananthi , Fratini Albert , Morgan Alexander B. , Benin Vladimir
Published: January 2014

The new cyclic boronic esters (III), (VIII), and (X) are prepared, their X‐ray‐structures are given and their conformations are discussed on the basis of theoretical calculations using the SHELXTL software.
ChemInform Abstract: Iridium‐Catalyzed Diastereoselective Dehydrogenative Silylation of Terminal Alkenes with (TMSO)2MeSiH.
Authors: Cheng Chen , Simmons Eric M. , Hartwig John F.
Published: January 2014

Depending on the reaction conditions, this silylation method yields either Z‐ or E‐silyl‐alkenes (III) or (IX).
ChemInform Abstract: A Simple Route to New Cyclic (Chloroalkyl)phosphane‐, Diphosphane‐, and Aminophosphane Derivatives.
Authors: Boga Carla , Micheletti Gabriele , Delpivo Camilla , Mazzacurati Marzia
Published: January 2014

The reaction of benzothiadiphosphole (BTD) with bis‐Grignard reagent (I) followed by reactions with a second Grignard reagent (II) and elemental sulfur affords new phosphane derivatives of type (III).
ChemInform Abstract: Isolation and Characterization of Limonoids from Kigelia africana.
Authors: Riaz Naheed , et al. et al.
Published: January 2014

Two new limonoids, 1‐O‐deacetyl‐2α‐methoxykhayanolide (I) and kigelianolide (II), are isolated along with three known limonoids.
ChemInform Abstract: Cycloartanes from the Gum Resin of Gardenia gummifera L.f.
Authors: Kunert Olaf , et al. et al.
Published: January 2014

isolation and structure elucidation of eight new cycloartanes, gummiferartanes‐2 to ‐9, of type (I)—(III)
ChemInform Abstract: Diterpenoids from Acanthopanax brachypus HARMS.
Authors: Hu Hao‐Bin , Zheng Xu‐Dong , Hu Huai‐Sheng , Wu Yun
Published: January 2014

Noracanthopanin A (I) and acanthopanolide B (II) are isolated along with two known diterpenoids from the stem bark of Acanthopanax brachypus HARMS.
ChemInform Abstract: Microwave‐Assisted Synthesis of N‐Glycolylneuraminic Acid Derivatives.
Authors: Chopra Pradeep , Madge Paul D. , Thomson Robin J. , Grice I. Darren , von Itzstein Mark
Published: January 2014

A rapid, efficient, and scalable synthesis of the title compounds is achieved from the natural N‐acetyl precursors via sequential microwave‐assisted N‐deacetylation and further N‐glycolylation, e.g. synthesis of compound (IV).
ChemInform Abstract: Armillariols A to C from the Culture broth of Armillaria sp.
Authors: Kobori Hajime , Sekiya Atsushi , Yasuda Nobuhiro , Noguchi Keiichi , Suzuki Tomohiro , Choi Jae‐Hoon , Hirai Hirofumi , Kawagishi Hirokazu
Published: January 2014

Three novel lettuce hypocotyl and root growth regulating compounds, armillariols A (I), B (II), and C (III), are isolated from the culture broth of Armillaria sp.
ChemInform Abstract: Laminar MoS2 Membranes for Molecule Separation.
Authors: Sun Luwei , Huang Hubiao , Peng Xinsheng
Published: January 2014

New laminar separation membranes are prepared from atom‐thick chemically exfoliated micrometer sized MoS2 sheets by the vacuum filtration technique.
ChemInform Abstract: Spark Plasma Sintered/Synthesized Dense and Nanostructured Materials for Solid‐State Li‐Ion Batteries: Overview and Perspective
Authors: Kali Ravi , Mukhopadhyay Amartya
Published: January 2014

Review: 86 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Metal‐Organic Frameworks: A Mini Review
Authors: Lee Yu‐Ri , Kim Jun , Ahn Wha‐Seung
Published: January 2014

Review: 124 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Water‐Soluble Au(I) Complexes, Their Synthesis and Applications
Authors: Hristova Yana R. , Kemper Benedict , Besenius Pol
Published: January 2014

Review: 97 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Serendipity in Boron Chemistry: A 50 Year Perspective
Authors: Grimes Russell N.
Published: January 2014

Review: 89 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Catalytic Functionalization of C(sp2)—H and C(sp3)—H Bonds by Using Bidentate Directing Groups
Authors: Rouquet Guy , Chatani Naoto
Published: January 2014

Review: 133 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Nitroxide‐Catalyzed Transition‐Metal‐Free Aerobic Oxidation Processes
Authors: Wertz Sebastian , Studer Armido
Published: January 2014

Review: 195 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Reductive Deoxygenation of Alcohols: Catalytic Methods Beyond Barton—McCombie Deoxygenation
Authors: Herrmann Josef M. , Koenig Burkhard
Published: January 2014

Review: 113 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: One‐Pot Procedures for the Formation of Secondary Aryl Amines from Nitro Aryls
Authors: Lunde Sindre Aa. , Sydnes Magne O.
Published: January 2014

Review: 41 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthetic Applications of Arylboronic Acid via an Aryl Radical Transfer Pathway
Authors: Yan Guobing , Yang Minghua , Wu Xiangmei
Published: January 2014

Review: 66 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Finding the Right Path: Baldwin “Rules for Ring Closure” and Stereoelectronic Control of Cyclizations
Authors: Alabugin Igor V. , Gilmore Kerry
Published: January 2014

Review: 30 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Development of Synthetic Transformations by Control of Acid‐Catalyzed Reactions of Diazocarbonyl Compounds
Authors: Hashimoto Takuya , Maruoka Keiji
Published: January 2014

Review: 67 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Versatilities of Graphene‐Based Catalysts in Organic Transformations
Authors: Garg Bhaskar , Ling Yong‐Chien
Published: January 2014

Review: 108 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Zinc(II)‐1,3,5‐triazapentadienate Complex as Effective Catalyst in Henry Reaction
Authors: Shixaliyev Namiq Q. , Maharramov Abel M. , Gurbanov Atash V. , Nenajdenko Valentine G. , Muzalevskiy Vasily M. , Mahmudov Kamran T. , Kopylovich Maximilian N.
Published: January 2014

Review: 35 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: S‐Layer Protein Self‐Assembly
Authors: Pum Dietmar , Toca‐Herrera Jose Luis , Sleytr Uwe B.
Published: January 2014

Review: 94 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Heparin Sensing and Binding — Taking Supramolecular Chemistry Towards Clinical Applications
Authors: Bromfield Stephen M. , Wilde Ellis , Smith David K.
Published: January 2014

Review: 101 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Chemical Drug Stability in Lipids, Modified Lipids, and Polyethylene Oxide‐Containing Formulations
Authors: Stella Valentino J.
Published: January 2014

Review: 44 refs.
Adsorption Isotherms of n‐Pentane, Toluene and n‐Pentane/Water Mixtures on Activated Carbon Fibres
Authors: Fickinger Daniel , Kimmerle Klaus , Schippert Egbert , Bart Hans‐Jörg
Published: January 2014

Die Untersuchung der Materialeigenschaften und Porenstruktur von Aktivkohlefasern mit unterschiedlichen Aktivierungsgraden zeigt, dass fünf Hauptporengrößen vorliegen und engere Poren mit zunehmender Aktivierung verschwinden. Aufgrund des großen Anteils sehr enger Poren besitzen niedriger aktivierte Kohlen bei kleinen Lösemittel‐Konzentrationen höhere Gleichgewichtsbeladungen als die jeweils höher aktivierten; in feuchter Atmosphäre verstärkt sich dieser Effekt. Die Adsorptionsenthalpie nach dem ALIc‐Modell ist für niedrige Aktivierungsgrade und bei geringer Porenfüllung sehr viel größer als für den jeweils höheren Aktivierungsgrad.
Agricultural Practice and Pesticide Residues in Soils and Pool Sediments from the Pendjari Biosphere Reserve Area in Benin, West Africa
Authors: Paré Samuel , Kaboré Boukaré , Stechert Christin , Kolb Marit , Bahadir Müfit , Bonzi‐Coulibaly L. Y.
Published: January 2014

One consequence of the shift in land use from traditional food production to cotton production in West Africa is the application of different pesticides. The influence of this practice on the formation of pesticide residues in soils and sediments of seasonal dry pools was investigated in 2008 and 2009 in the region of the Pendjari biosphere reserve in Benin. The protected park area, the buffer zone with some sporadic agricultural practice and the agricultural zone of the Pendjari region were compared. GC–electron capture detector method was used to analyze selected pesticides covering the officially supplied pesticides and some organochlorine compounds. Residues of α‐ and β‐endosulfan, endosulfan sulfate, chlorpyrifos, p,p′‐dichlorodiphenyldichloroethane, p,p′‐dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (DDE) were detected in soils of cotton fields and in sediments from adjacent pools within the agricultural and buffer zone. Concentrations were in the range of below detection limit (DL) to 150 µg/kg dry mass (dm) for endosulfan and endosulfan sulfate together and of below DL to 12 µg/kg dm for chlorpyrifos. In pool sediments, concentrations of total endosulfan were in a range of below DL to 47 µg/kg dm. The occurrence of the pesticides was directly linked to the cotton growing season. No residues were detected at the beginning of cotton growing season. Concentration levels of p,p′‐DDE were in the range of below DL to 12 µg/kg dm. No pesticide residues were found in the protected park zone.
Chemoradiation therapy sequencing for resected pancreatic adenocarcinoma in the National Cancer Data Base
Authors: Colbert Lauren E. , Hall William A. , Nickleach Dana , Switchenko Jeffrey , Kooby David A. , Liu Yuan , Gillespie Theresa , Lipscomb Joseph , Kauh John , Landry Jerome C.
Published: January 2014

BACKGROUND

Pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PAC) has low overall survival (OS) rates and high recurrence rates following surgical resection. The role for preoperative radiation therapy (prRT) for PAC versus postoperative RT (poRT) remains uncertain. The authors used the National Cancer Data Base (NCDB) to report prRT outcomes for the largest multi‐institutional patient cohort to date.

METHODS

NCDB data were obtained for all patients who underwent resection and external beam radiation (RT) for PAC from 1998 to 2002. Patients with metastatic (M1) disease, intraoperative RT, RT both before and after surgery, missing OS, or missing RT variables were excluded. Univariate (UV) and multivariate (MV) analysis were run using treatment characteristics, tumor characteristics, and patient demographics. The difference in patients' known characteristics was described by a chi‐square test or analysis of variance.

RESULTS

A total of 5414 patients were identified. Of these, 277 received prRT and 5137 received poRT. Overall, 92.9% received chemotherapy and 7.1% received RT alone; 56% (2990 of 5307) of patients had stage III disease, according to American Joint Commission on Cancer (AJCC) staging manual, 5th edition. Median tumor size was 3 cm (range: 0‐9.9 cm); 82% (199 of 244) of patients with prRT had negative surgical margins; 72% (3383 of 4699) of patients with poRT had negative margins. Forty‐one percent (71 of 173) of patients with prRT were lymph node (LN)‐positive; 65% (3159 of 4833) of patients with poRT were LN‐positive. Median OS for patients with prRT was 18 months (95% CI = 18‐19 months) and for patients with poRT, 19 months (95% CI = 17‐22 months).

CONCLUSIONS

Receipt of prRT was associated with lower stage, higher rates of negative margins, and lower rates of lymph node positivity at resection. However, there was no significant difference in median OS versus that of the poRT group. Cancer 2014;120:499–506. © 2014 American Cancer Society.
Design and performance study of phase‐locked loop using fractional‐order loop filter
Authors: Tripathy Madhab Chandra , Mondal Debasmita , Biswas Karabi , Sen Siddhartha
Published: January 2014

The present work reports the realization of an analog fractional‐order phase‐locked loop (FPLL) using a fractional capacitor. The expressions for bandwidth, capture range, and lock range of the FPLL have been derived analytically and then compared with the experimental observations using LM565 IC. It has been observed that bandwidth and capture range can be extended by using FPLL. It has also been found that FPLL can provide faster response and lower phase error at the time of switching compared to its integer‐order counterpart. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The development of facial identity discrimination through learned attention
Authors: Simpson Elizabeth A. , Jakobsen Krisztina V. , Fragaszy Dorothy M. , Okada Kazunori , Frick Janet E.
Published: January 2014

Learned attention models of perceptual discrimination predict that with age, sensitivity will increase for dimensions of stimuli useful for discrimination. We tested this prediction by examining the face dimensions 4‐ to 6‐month‐olds (n = 77), 9‐ to 12‐month‐olds (n = 66), and adults (n = 73) use for discriminating human, monkey, and sheep faces systematically varying in outer features (contour), inner features (eyes, mouth), or configuration (feature spacing). We controlled interindividual variability across species by varying faces within natural ranges and measured stimulus variability using computational image similarity. We found the most improvement with age in human face discrimination, and older participants discriminated more species and used more facial properties for discrimination, consistent with learned attention models. Older infants and adults discriminated human, monkey, and sheep faces; however, they used different facial properties for primates and sheep. Learned attention models may provide insight into the mechanisms underlying perceptual narrowing. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Dev Psychobiol 56: 1083–1101, 2014.
Telling left from right: Left‐right asymmetric controls in sea urchins
Authors: Su Yi‐Hsien
Published: January 2014

Left–right asymmetry of internal organs is a common feature in bilateria. It is generally considered that three steps are required to establish the left–right axis. These include the initial symmetry‐breaking step that leads to asymmetric gene expression and ultimately results in side‐specific organogenesis along the left–right axis. During the development of indirect‐developing sea urchins, the adult rudiments consistently form on the left side of the feeding larvae. Recent studies have revealed that several signaling molecules are required to regulate the initial right‐sided nodal expression in the archenteron. Right‐sided Nodal signaling then restricts BMP signaling to the left side. These two TGFβ signals are important for asymmetric gene expression, cell behavior, and morphogenesis along the left–right axis. Although considerable progress has been made regarding sea urchin left–right asymmetry, many questions remain unanswered. This review attempts to synthesize what is known about the left–right asymmetric controls in sea urchins. Additionally, questions raised from previous findings and possible mechanisms concerning symmetry breaking are also discussed. genesis 52:269–278. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The CLARIS LPB database: constructing a long‐term daily hydro‐meteorological dataset for La Plata Basin, Southern South America
Authors: Penalba Olga C. , Rivera Juan A. , Pántano Vanesa C.
Published: January 2014

CLARIS LPB database was built within the framework of the CLARIS LPB project “A Europe‐South America Network for climate Change Assessment and Impact Studies in La Plata Basin” of the European Community's Seventh Framework Programme (FP7). The main variables available in the database are rainfall, temperature, radiation, heliophany and streamflow, constituting a high‐quality daily hydro‐meteorological dataset for scientific purpose available at http://wp32.at.fcen.uba.ar/. The objective of this article is to describe CLARIS LPB database construction, quality control and spatial and temporal characteristics. Due to the interactions with more than 60 institutions, the network of stations expanded from 107 stations in the FP6 CLARIS to more than 9000 stations in the FP7 CLARIS LPB. More than 800 maximum and minimum temperatures series, more than 8000 rainfall series, 68 radiation series, 29 heliophany series, and 58 streamflow series are available in the database webpage. The number of stations also varied greatly as a function of time, and decadal variations were evident in both rainfall and temperature stations with at least 20% of data missing. According to the characteristics analysed, this dataset provides spatially consistent climatic time series which enable a variety of empirical climate studies. It was already used as input for hydrological models, for the validation and analysis of present‐day regional and global climate model outputs, for improvement in the analysis of recent past climate variability in La Plata Basin, for analysing palaeohydrological reconstructions of the past climate variability, among others. Finally, the spatially highly dense daily database of rainfall and maximum and minimum temperatures allowed the generation of gridded products.
Practical diagnostic approaches to composite plasma cell neoplasm and low grade B‐cell lymphoma/clonal infiltrates in the bone marrow
Authors: Hussein Shafinaz , Gill Kamraan , Baer Lea N. , Hoehn Daniela , Mansukhani Mahesh , Jobanputra Vaidehi , Bhagat Govind , Alobeid Bachir
Published: January 2014

Composite plasma cell neoplasm (PCN) and low grade B‐cell lymphoma (B‐NHL) in the bone marrow are uncommon and raise the differential diagnosis of B‐NHL with plasmacytic differentiation and PCN with lymphoplasmacytic morphology. This can be a challenging differential diagnosis, and the distinctions are important because of differences in management. We report five cases of composite PCN with B‐NHL or clonal B‐cell infiltrates involving the bone marrow. By using multiple different diagnostic modalities, including immunophenotyping by flow cytometry and immunohistochemistry, cytogenetic analysis and IGH gene rearrangement studies by polymerase chain reaction, we were able to distinguish two distinct clonally unrelated neoplasms in all cases. We describe the utility and pitfalls of these different diagnostic modalities. Flow cytometric analysis with a panel of antibodies that includes CD19, CD56, CD138, CD45 and other aberrant markers commonly expressed by PCN will allow identification of clonally unrelated PCN and B‐NHL in a composite neoplasm, and distinguish them from B‐NHL with plasmacytic differentiation and PCN with lymphoplasmacytic morphology. Cytogenetic and molecular analyses can give false‐negative or false‐positive results. In summary, a multimodal approach utilizing these different tools, including clinical data, should be used to arrive at the correct diagnosis. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Endogenous pain inhibition during menstrual cycle in migraine
Authors: Teepker M. , Kunz M. , Peters M. , Kundermann B. , Schepelmann K. , Lautenbacher S.
Published: January 2014

Background

Migraine is a common headache disorder that can vary menstrually in women and has been linked to an impairment of endogenous pain inhibitory systems. One of these endogenous pain inhibitory systems, namely conditioned pain modulation (CPM; formerly diffuse noxious inhibitory controls‐like), has been shown to be affected by the menstrual cycle. The aim of this study was to examine CPM over the menstrual cycle in migraineurs and healthy controls.

Methods

Twenty healthy women and 32 female migraineurs were examined on days 1, 4, 14 and 22 of the menstrual cycle. Detection and pain thresholds for electrocutaneous stimuli were first assessed at baseline. Second, tonic heat stimuli were applied concurrently to the electrical stimuli, and the difference in electrical thresholds to baseline were analysed as indicating CPM inhibition.

Results

Migraineurs revealed higher detection thresholds than the control group but similar pain thresholds for the electrical current. Likewise, pain sensitivity for tonic heat stimulation also did not differ between groups. With regard to our main hypotheses, we found that CPM inhibition neither differed between migraineurs and healthy volunteers nor varied over the menstrual cycle.

Conclusions

Our findings suggest that CPM inhibition is not altered in female migraineurs; thus, it is questionable whether CPM really plays a role in the development of migraine or whether migraine leads to a dysfunctional CPM inhibition.