bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Antidiabetic and cardiovascular beneficial effects of a liver-localized mitochondrial uncoupler
Authors: Kanemoto Naohide , Okamoto Takashi , Tanabe Koji , Shimada Takahiro , Minoshima Hitomi , Hidoh Yuya , Aoyama Masashi , Ban Takashi , Kobayashi Yusuke , Ando Hikaru , Inoue Yuki , Itotani Motohiro , Sato Seiji
Published: May 2019

Inducing mitochondrial uncoupling (mUncoupling) is an attractive therapeutic strategy for treating metabolic diseases because it leads to calorie-wasting by reducing the efficiency of oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) in mitochondria. Here we report a safe mUncoupler, OPC-163493, which has unique pharmacokinetic characteristics. OPC-163493 shows a good bioavailability upon oral administration and primarily distributed to specific organs: the liver and kidneys, avoiding systemic toxicities. It exhibits insulin-independent antidiabetic effects in multiple animal models of type I and type II diabetes and antisteatotic effects in fatty liver models. These beneficial effects can be explained by the improvement of glucose metabolism and enhancement of energy expenditure by OPC-163493 in the liver. Moreover, OPC-163493 treatment lowered blood pressure, extended survival, and improved renal function in the rat model of stroke/hypertension, possibly by enhancing NO bioavailability in blood vessels and reducing mitochondrial ROS production. OPC-163493 is a liver-localized/targeted mUncoupler that ameliorates various complications of diabetes.
Local floods induce large-scale abrupt failures of road networks
Authors: Wang Weiping , Yang Saini , Stanley H. Eugene , Gao Jianxi
Published: May 2019

The adverse effect of climate change continues to expand, and the risks of flooding are increasing. Despite advances in network science and risk analysis, we lack a systematic mathematical framework for road network percolation under the disturbance of flooding. The difficulty is rooted in the unique three-dimensional nature of a flood, where altitude plays a critical role as the third dimension, and the current network-based framework is unsuitable for it. Here we develop a failure model to study the effect of floods on road networks; the result covers 90.6% of road closures and 94.1% of flooded streets resulting from Hurricane Harvey. We study the effects of floods on road networks in China and the United States, showing a discontinuous phase transition, indicating that a small local disturbance may lead to a large-scale systematic malfunction of the entire road network at a critical point. Our integrated approach opens avenues for understanding the resilience of critical infrastructure networks against floods.
Interferon inducible X-linked gene CXorf21 may contribute to sexual dimorphism in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
Authors: Odhams Christopher A. , Roberts Amy L. , Vester Susan K. , Duarte Carolina S. T. , Beales Charlie T. , Clarke Alexander J. , Lindinger Sonja , Daffern Samuel J. , Zito Antonino , Chen Lingyan , Jones Leonardo L. , Boteva Lora , Morris David L. , Small Kerrin S. , Fernando Michelle M. A. , Cunninghame Graham Deborah S. , Vyse Timothy J.
Published: May 2019

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease, characterised by increased expression of type I interferon (IFN)-regulated genes and a striking sex imbalance towards females. Through combined genetic, in silico, in vitro, and ex vivo approaches, we defineCXorf21, a gene of hitherto unknown function, which escapes X-chromosome inactivation, as a candidate underlying the Xp21.2 SLE association. We demonstrate thatCXorf21is an IFN-response gene and that the sexual dimorphism in expression is magnified by immunological challenge. Fine-mapping reveals a single haplotype as a potential causal cis-eQTL forCXorf21. We propose that expression is amplified through modification of promoter and 3′-UTR chromatin interactions. Finally, we show that the CXORF21 protein colocalises with TLR7, a pathway implicated in SLE pathogenesis. Our study reveals modulation in gene expression affected by the combination of two hallmarks of SLE:CXorf21expression increases in a both an IFN-inducible and sex-specific manner.
Hydro-Seq enables contamination-free high-throughput single-cell RNA-sequencing for circulating tumor cells
Authors: Cheng Yu-Heng , Chen Yu-Chih , Lin Eric , Brien Riley , Jung Seungwon , Chen Yu-Ting , Lee Woncheol , Hao Zhijian , Sahoo Saswat , Min Kang Hyun , Cong Jason , Burness Monika , Nagrath Sunitha , S. Wicha Max , Yoon Euisik
Published: May 2019

Molecular analysis of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) at single-cell resolution offers great promise for cancer diagnostics and therapeutics from simple liquid biopsy. Recent development of massively parallel single-cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-seq) provides a powerful method to resolve the cellular heterogeneity from gene expression and pathway regulation analysis. However, the scarcity of CTCs and the massive contamination of blood cells limit the utility of currently available technologies. Here, we present Hydro-Seq, a scalable hydrodynamic scRNA-seq barcoding technique, for high-throughput CTC analysis. High cell-capture efficiency and contamination removal capability of Hydro-Seq enables successful scRNA-seq of 666 CTCs from 21 breast cancer patient samples at high throughput. We identify breast cancer drug targets for hormone and targeted therapies and tracked individual cells that express markers of cancer stem cells (CSCs) as well as of epithelial/mesenchymal cell state transitions. Transcriptome analysis of these cells provides insights into monitoring target therapeutics and processes underlying tumor metastasis.
Reconstructed Skin Models Revealed Unexpected Differences in Epidermal African and Caucasian Skin
Authors: Girardeau-Hubert Sarah , Deneuville Céline , Pageon Hervé , Abed Kahina , Tacheau Charlotte , Cavusoglu Nükhet , Donovan Mark , Bernard Dominique , Asselineau Daniel
Published: May 2019

Clinical observations of both normal and pathological skin have shown that there is a heterogeneity based on the skin origin type. Beside external factors, intrinsic differences in skin cells could be a central element to determine skin types. This study aimed to understand the in vitro behaviour of epidermal cells of African and Caucasian skin types in the context of 3D reconstructed skin. Full-thickness skin models were constructed with site matched human keratinocytes and papillary fibroblasts to investigate potential skin type related differences. We report that reconstructed skin epidermis exhibited remarkable differences regarding stratification and differentiation according to skin types, as demonstrated by histological appearance, gene expression analysed by DNA microarray and quantitative proteomic analysis. Signalling pathways and processes related to terminal differentiation and lipid/ceramide metabolism were up-regulated in epidermis constructed with keratinocytes from Caucasian skin type when compared to that of keratinocytes from African skin type. Specifically, the expression of proteins involved in the processing of filaggrins was found different between skin models. Overall, we show unexpected differences in epidermal morphogenesis and differentiation between keratinocytes of Caucasian and African skin types in in vitro reconstructed skin containing papillary fibroblasts that could explain the differences in ethnic related skin behaviour.
Unusual terahertz waveforms from a resonant medium controlled by diffractive optical elements
Authors: Pakhomov A. V. , Arkhipov R. M. , Arkhipov M. V. , Demircan A. , Morgner U. , Rosanov N. N. , Babushkin I.
Published: May 2019

Up to now, full tunability of waveforms was possible only in electronics, up to radio-frequencies. Here we propose a new concept of producing few-cycle terahertz (THz) pulses with widely tunable waveforms. It is based on control of the phase delay between different parts of the THz wavefront using linear diffractive optical elements. Suitable subcycle THz wavefronts can be generated via coherent excitation of nonlinear low-frequency oscillators by few-cycle optical pulses. Using this approach it is possible to shape the electric field rather than the slow pulse envelope, obtaining, for instance, rectangular or triangular waveforms in the THz range. The method is upscalable to the optical range if the attosecond pump pulses are used.
Ancient DNA from mastics solidifies connection between material culture and genetics of mesolithic hunter–gatherers in Scandinavia
Authors: Kashuba Natalija , Kırdök Emrah , Damlien Hege , Manninen Mikael A. , Nordqvist Bengt , Persson Per , Götherström Anders
Published: May 2019

Human demography research in grounded on the information derived from ancient DNA and archaeology. For example, the study on the early postglacial dual-route colonisation of the Scandinavian Peninsula is largely based on associating genomic data with the early dispersal of lithic technology from the East European Plain. However, a clear connection between material culture and genetics has been lacking. Here, we demonstrate that direct connection by analysing human DNA from chewed birch bark pitch mastics. These samples were discovered at Huseby Klev in western Sweden, a Mesolithic site with eastern lithic technology. We generated genome-wide data for three individuals, and show their affinity to the Scandinavian hunter–gatherers. Our samples date to 9880-9540 calBP, expanding the temporal range and distribution of the early Scandinavian genetic group. We propose that DNA from ancient mastics can be used to study environment and ecology of prehistoric populations.
Ag+-coordinated oligonucleotides on gold nanoparticles for anodic-stripping voltammetric immunoassay of cancer antigen 125 for cervical carcinoma
Authors: Xue Huifeng , Zheng Jinwen , Chen Qiaoyun , Wang Qingshui , Lin Yao , Chen Jianchui
Published: May 2019

A simple and enzyme-free electrochemical immunoassay was developed for the sensitive screening of cancer antigen 125 using anodic-stripping voltammetry.
Monitoring 111In-labelled polyisocyanopeptide (PIC) hydrogel wound dressings in full-thickness wounds
Authors: op 't Veld Roel C. , Joosten Lieke , van den Boomen Onno I. , Boerman Otto C. , Kouwer Paul , Middelkoop Esther , Rowan Alan E. , Jansen John A. , Walboomers X. Frank , Wagener Frank A. D. T. G.
Published: May 2019

Applying PIC hydrogel wound dressings functionalized and labelled with 111In-DTPA to skin wounds allows monitoring of biodistribution with SPECT/CT.
Synthesis of fused B,N-heterocycles by alkyne cleavage, NHC ring-expansion and C–H activation at a diboryne
Authors: Brückner Tobias , Arrowsmith Merle , Heß Merlin , Hammond Kai , Müller Marcel , Braunschweig Holger
Published: May 2019

The addition of alkynes to a saturated N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC)-supported diboryne results in spontaneous cycloaddition, with complete BB and CC triple bond cleavage, NHC ring-expansion and activation of a variety of C–H bonds, leading to the formation of complex mixtures of fused B,N-heterocycles.
A palladium/norbornene cooperative catalysis to access N-containing bridged scaffolds
Authors: Gao Qianwen , Liu Ze-Shui , Hua Yu , Li Lisha , Cheng Hong-Gang , Cong Hengjiang , Zhou Qianghui
Published: May 2019

A palladium/norbornene cooperative catalysis promoted annulation involving an ortho-C–H amination and intramolecular Heck cascade between aryl iodides and functionalized amination reagents is reported, thereby providing a highly convergent access to the unique N-containing bridged scaffolds: hexahydro-2,6-methano-1-benzazocine.
Lysozyme–luteolin binding: molecular insights into the complexation process and the inhibitory effects of luteolin towards protein modification
Authors: Das Sourav , Pahari Somdev , Sarmah Sharat , Rohman Mostofa Ataur , Paul Debojit , Jana Madhurima , Singha Roy Atanu
Published: May 2019

Luteolin shows inhibitory effects towards fibrillation andd-ribose mediated glycation of HEWL.
Reply to the ‘Comment on “A universal approach for calculating the Judd–Ofelt parameters of RE3+ in powdered phosphors and its application for the β-NaYF4:Er3+/Yb3+ phosphor derived from auto-combustion-assisted fluoridation”’ by D. Zhang, Q. Xu and Y. Zhang, Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., 2019, 21, DOI: 10.1039/C8CP07577H
Authors: Zhang Yanqiu , Chen Baojiu , Xu Sai , Li Xiangping , Zhang Jinsu , Sun Jiashi , Zhang Xiangqing , Xia Haiping , Hua Ruinian
Published: May 2019

This is a Reply to the corresponding Comment and the strategy for the application of Judd–Ofelt theory was discussed.
Fluorinated alkyl-phosphate-based electrolytes with controlled lithium-ion coordination structure
Authors: Sawayama Saki , Todorov Yanko M. , Mimura Hideyuki , Morita Masayuki , Fujii Kenta
Published: May 2019

Graphite electrode reaction in coordination-controlled LiFSA/TFEP electrolytes.
Reactions of a tetrasilabicyclo[1.1.0]but-1(3)-ene with carbon tetrachloride and methanol
Authors: Nukazawa Takumi , Kosai Tomoyuki , Honda Shunya , Ishida Shintaro , Iwamoto Takeaki
Published: May 2019

A tetrasilabicyclo[1.1.0]but-1(3)-ene was synthesized as orange crystals and its reactions were investigated.
Optimizing ligand structure for low-loading and fast catalysis for alkynyl-alcohol and -amine cyclization
Authors: Stubbs James M. , Bridge Benjamin J. , Blacquiere Johanna M.
Published: May 2019

The catalytic performance was evaluated for a series of [Ru(Cp/Cp*)(PR2NR′2)(MeCN)]PF6 complexes, in which the steric and electronic properties of the primary coordination sphere were varied (R = Ph, t-Bu, Bn; and Cp vs. Cp*).
Correction: Mercapto-benzothiazolyl based ruthenium(ii) borate complexes: synthesis and reactivity towards various phosphines
Authors: Zafar Mohammad , Ramalakshmi Rongala , Pradhan Alaka Nanda , Pathak Kriti , Roisnel Thierry , Halet Jean-François , Ghosh Sundargopal
Published: May 2019

Correction for ‘Mercapto-benzothiazolyl based ruthenium(ii) borate complexes: synthesis and reactivity towards various phosphines’ by Mohammad Zafar, et al., Dalton Trans., 2019, DOI: 10.1039/c9dt00498j.
Quantum-confined superfluid
Authors: Hao Yuwei , Zhang Xiqi , Jiang Lei
Published: May 2019

The quantum-confined superfluid concept is introduced, and its applications in chemistry and biology are summarized.
A mechanism of the luminescent covalent organic framework for the detection of NH3
Authors: Yang Yanan , Zhao Zhengyan , Yan Yang , Li Guanglan , Hao Ce
Published: May 2019

The comparison of the two systems shows that the addition of NH3 can affect the luminescence behavior of Ph-An-COF.
Silver doped reduced graphene oxide as a promising plasmonic photocatalyst for oxidative coupling of benzylamines under visible light irradiation
Authors: Kumar Anurag , Sadanandhan Aathira M. , Jain Suman L.
Published: May 2019

Visible light assisted photocatalytic reduction of nitro-compounds has been found as an efficient and sustainable approach for the production of amines.
Preparation of an Ni5P4/Ni porous composite using a Ni foam as the skeleton and its application in the treatment of large-volume effluent with a high concentration of 4-nitrophenol at room temperature
Authors: Liu Xing , Dou Xiaomeng , Li Xiangqing , Qin Lixia , Han Sheng , Kang Shi-Zhao
Published: May 2019

In the present work, an Ni5P4/Ni porous composite with a Ni foam as the skeleton was prepared through phosphorization calcination at 500 °C.
Synthesis, characterization and performance evaluation of an environmentally benign scale inhibitor IA/AMPS co-polymer
Authors: Cui Chuanchuan , Zhang Shuguang
Published: May 2019

An IA/AMPS co-polymer is a promising scale inhibitor applied to circulating cooling water systems against CaCO3and CaSO4.
Employing LiCl salt gradient in the wild-type α-hemolysin nanopore to slow down DNA translocation and detect methylated cytosine
Authors: Vu Trang , Borgesi Julia , Soyring Joanna , D'Alia Melissa , Davidson Shanna-Leigh , Shim Jiwook
Published: May 2019

In this research, we demonstrate a label-free detection, biological nanopore-based method to distinguish methylated cytosine (mC) from naked cytosine (C) in sample mixtures containing both C and mC at a prolonged translocation duration.
Binding orientation and reactivity of alkyl α,ω-dibromides in water-soluble cavitands
Authors: Angamuthu Venkatachalam , Petroselli Manuel , Rahman Faiz-Ur , Yu Yang , Rebek Julius
Published: May 2019

Host–guest complexation of α,ω-dibromides showed rabid tumbling conformation on NMR timescales and afforded mono hydroxyl bromides after hydrolysis in D2O.
High field antiferroelectric-like dielectric of poly(vinylidene fluoride-co-trifluoroethylene-co-chlorotrifluoroethylene)-graft-poly(styrene-methyl methacrylate) for high pulse capacitors with high energy density and low loss
Authors: Liu Jingjing , Liao Jiani , Liao Yu , Zhang Zhicheng
Published: May 2019

The insulating performance of PSt segments in MMA offers a strategy for the synthesis of low loss dielectrics.
Nitrogen and fluorine co-doped holey graphene hydrogel as a binder-free electrode material for flexible solid-state supercapacitors
Authors: Chen Yulin , Li Yu , Yao Fengnan , Peng Cong , Cao Chen , Feng Yiyu , Feng Wei
Published: May 2019

This paper presents a flexible NF-HGH with many active sites and doped heteroatoms, showing superb power density.
Mechanochemically tuned structural annealing: a new pathway to enhancing Li-ion intercalation activity in nanosized βII Li2FeSiO4
Authors: Rasool Majid , Chiu Hsien-Chieh , Lu Xia , Voisard Frédéric , Gauvin Raynald , Jiang De-Tong , Paolella Andrea , Zaghib Karim , Demopoulos George P.
Published: May 2019

Controlled mechano-activation of ortho-LFS nanocrystals induces structural annealing that leads to enhanced Li-ion intercalation.
Stable and self-healable LbL coating with antibiofilm efficacy based on alkylated polyethyleneimine micelles
Authors: Wang Qianqian , Wang Lin , Gao Lingling , Yu Luofeng , Feng Wei , Liu Nian , Xu Miao , Li Xiaozhou , Li Peng , Huang Wei
Published: May 2019

An antibacterial and self-healing coating was fabricated via LbL assembly based on N-decyl PEI (DPEI) micelles.
BODIPY derivatives as light-induced free radical generators for hypoxic cancer treatment
Authors: Song Nan , Li Yuanyuan , Chen Li , Hu Xiuli , Xie Zhigang
Published: May 2019

NBDP can self-assemble into nanoparticles (NBDP NPs), which could be internalized by cells via endocytosis. After being irradiated with an 808 nm laser, the BODIPY unit could convert photons into heat and further initiates the production of alkyl radicals. The generated tumor hyperthermia and alkyl radicals synergistically kill cancer cells.
Zinc induces iron uptake and DMT1 expression in Caco-2 cells via a PI3K/IRP2 dependent mechanism
Authors: Kondaiah Palsa , Aslam Mohamad F. , Mashurabad Purna Chandra , Sharp Paul A. , Pullakhandam Raghu
Published: May 2019

The absorption of iron is influenced by numerous dietary and physiological factors. We have previously demonstrated that zinc treatment of intestinal cells increases iron absorption via induction of the apical membrane iron transporter divalent metal ion transporter-1 (DMT1). To better understand the mechanisms of zinc-induced iron absorption, we have studied the effect of zinc on iron uptake, iron transporter and iron regulatory protein (IRP 1 and 2) expression and the impact of the PI3K pathway in differentiated Caco-2 cells, an intestinal cell culture model. We found that zinc induces DMT1 protein and mRNA expression. Zinc-induced DMT1 expression and iron absorption were inhibited by siRNA silencing of DMT1. Furthermore, zinc treatment led to increased abundance of IRP2 protein in cell lysates and in polysomal fractions, implying its binding to target mRNAs. Zinc treatment induced Akt phosphorylation, indicating the activation of the PI3K pathway. LY294002, a specific inhibitor of PI3K inhibited zinc-induced Akt phosphorylation, iron uptake, DMT1 and IRP2 expression. Furthermore, LY294002 also decreased the basal level of DMT1 mRNA but not protein expression. siRNA silencing of IRP2 led to down-regulation of both basal and zinc-induced DMT1 protein expression, implying possible involvement of post-transcriptional regulatory mechanisms. In agreement with these findings, zinc treatment stabilized DMT1 mRNA levels in actinomycin D-treated cells. Based on these findings, we conclude that zinc-induced iron absorption involves elevation of DMT1 expression by stabilization of its mRNA, by a PI3K/IRP2-dependent mechanism.
Perceived Gaps in Genetics Training Among Audiologists and Speech-Language Pathologists: Lessons From a National Survey
Authors: Peter Beate , Dougherty Michael J. , Reed E. Kate , Edelman Emily , Hanson Karen
Published: May 2019

Purpose

The aim of this study was to assess knowledge, self-rated confidence, and perceived relevance of genetics in the clinical practice of audiologists and speech-language pathologists (SLPs) toward a better understanding of the need for genetics education, given that genetics plays a growing role in the diagnosis of hearing impairment and communication disorders.

Method

A survey consisting of 8 demographic items and 16 content questions was returned by 233 audiologists and 283 SLPs. Knowledge of applied genetics was queried with clinical scenarios in a multiple-choice format. Self-assessment of clinical confidence and perceived relevance of genetics in one's field was queried with questions and statements rated on 5-point Likert scales. The benefit of additional training in genetics was rated with a yes/no question, and if answered with yes, suggested topics were entered.

Results

A large significant gap between confidence in one's own genetics skills and the perceived relevance of genetics was evident, regardless of professional group. Over one third of the audiologists and over two thirds of the SLPs indicated low or somewhat low confidence in their own ability to implement principles of genetics, whereas over two thirds of both groups agreed that genetics is relevant for their field. Regardless of group, confidence scores were significantly and positively associated with relevance scores. Over 80% of respondents in both groups indicated that they would benefit from additional training in genetics. Most commonly suggested topics included genetic causes, general information about genetics, and making referrals.

Conclusion

Both audiologists and SLPs felt that genetics is relevant for their fields and that additional training in genetics would be beneficial. Future studies should evaluate the effect of genetics training on patient outcomes and the need for incorporating genetics more extensively into audiology and speech-language pathology training programs.
Practical distributed voltage control method for efficient and equitable intervention of distributed devices
Authors: Heslop Simon , MacGill Iain , Fletcher John
Published: May 2019

Growing penetrations of distributed photovoltaic (PV) generation in low‐voltage electrical networks are raising new challenges for electricity industry operation. Voltage rise is a particular concern and new distributed voltage management techniques have been proposed in the literature. In this study, a novel distributed voltage control method is presented. The method is designed to be used by both PV systems and controllable loads and uses both a voltage and a power set point to manage control. These set points, along with a voltage sensitivity measure, are then used to control PV system generation and load‐shedding. The objective of the control is to keep voltage levels within operational limits with reasonable accuracy. The method is practical; local measurements of net‐power and voltage are used with no additional communication infrastructure required. The proposed method is compared to a power set point only and a voltage set point only control method. Results show the proposed method improves on both methods in terms of both voltage accuracy and the equity of intervention.
Interleaving‐based converter system with features of external auxiliary triggering and universal line input for driving medical laser equipment
Authors: Shen Chih‐Lung , Chen Li‐Zhong , Shen You‐Sheng
Published: May 2019

A novel power converter system to drive medical laser equipment is proposed here, which has the major features of interleaving, external auxiliary triggering, and lighting period control. The converter system can deal with universal line input and provide instantaneous high power for medical laser equipment. This system mainly includes an interleaved‐boost front end (IBFE), a lighting‐period control unit (LPCU), an energy‐stored capacitor bank (ESCB), an igniting and arc‐sustaining circuit (IASC), external auxiliary triggering circuit (EATC), and a system controller (SC). With them, it is able to fulfil power factor correction (PFC), lower input current ripple, deal with universal line voltage, provide a larger current to xenon lamp, ignite xenon lamp at a lower voltage, and sustain lamp arc. The sustained arc will be beneficial to light the xenon lamp again. As a result, much more precise timing of laser output control can be accomplished. The operation of the converter system is discussed. In addition, a 2‐kW prototype to deal with the line voltage range of 90 to 265 V ac is built and examined. Key waveforms and practical measurements have demonstrated the feasibility of the proposed converter system.
Reducing energy consumption of wireless sensor networks using rules and extreme learning machine algorithm
Authors: Duraisamy Sathya , Pugalendhi Ganesh Kumar , Balaji Prasanalakshmi
Published: May 2019

Wireless sensor networks consist of a collection of sensors to monitor physical or environmental events. Nowadays, the sensor networks are used in important applications like military, health and civilian monitoring. Since it is a wireless medium, deployed in remote locations and resource‐constrained nature, the sensor networks are easily vulnerable to attacks. The attack creates significant damages to the sensor networks. To avoid these problems, intrusion detection system (IDS) is implemented at the base station to filter any abnormal packets. In the proposed system, a survey is made on the attacks and rules to detect the attacks. Filtering the attacks using rule‐based IDS at the sensor nodes would reduce the amount of packet transmission to the base station which, in turn, would reduce the energy consumption of the sensor network. Extreme learning machine (ELM) algorithm is implemented at the base station to detect the abnormal packets. The experimental result shows the performance of different classification techniques and cross‐layer rules over the NSL‐KDD and real‐time datasets. The detection rate of the ELM algorithm is higher compared to other systems.
Energy hub model for energy management in energy internet
Authors: Yu Yuan , Zhang Tieyan , Du Yuanzhuo , Shao Qianzhi
Published: May 2019

In this study, a novel model of energy hub is proposed, which can promote the utilisation of clean energy and energy efficiency, and achieve the purpose of the local energy consumption. Secondly, based on the framework of interconnected energy hubs, call action is applied in energy internet. Then, a distributed energy management strategy is designed for energy hubs by consistency theory. Case studies show that the price adjustment mechanism is stable with more than 500 energy hubs and the price adjustment tends to a constant value after 15 times. Compared with traditional energy management, the management strategy proposed in this study is more beneficial for both surplus‐hubs and short‐hubs.
60 GHz compact broadband antenna arrays with wide‐angle beam steering
Authors: Aziz Imran , Dahlbäck Robin , Öjefors Erik , Sjögren Kristoffer , Rydberg Anders , Dancila Dragos
Published: May 2019

Highly integrated multilayered printed circuit board‐based patch antenna arrays are proposed in this study for 60 GHz wireless communications. Electromagnetic coupling between two stacked patches is used to achieve the broadband performance. Different structures of single element antennas, two‐element antenna arrays and four‐element antenna arrays are presented. The two compact four‐element antenna arrays show < −10 dB impedance bandwidth of 13 and 14.6% with 12 dBi peak gain. The arrays have the 3 dB gain bandwidth of 9 and 13%. A single column, four‐element sub‐array is used to design 4 × 16 antenna array. This array delivers 20.8 dBi peak gain with 13% impedance and gain bandwidth. Furthermore, a two‐element series fed array is used to realise a 2 × 16 phased antenna array. This array is fed through a 16 × channel radio frequency IC to achieve the beam steering in range.
Effects of proton irradiation on 60 GHz CMOS transceiver chip for multi‐Gbps communication in high‐energy physics experiments
Authors: Aziz Imran , Dancila Dragos , Dittmeier Sebastian , Siligaris Alexandre , Dehos Cedric , De Lurgio Patrik Martin , Djurcic Zelimir , Drake Gary , Gonzalez Jimenez Jose Luis , Gustaffson Leif , Kim Don‐Won , Locci Elizabeth , Pfeiffer Ulrich , Rodriquez Vazquez Pedro , Röhrich Dieter , Schöning Andre , Soltveit Hans Kristian , Ullaland Kjetil , Vincent Pierre , Yang Shiming , Brenner Richard
Published: May 2019

This article presents the experimental results of 17 MeV proton irradiation on a 60 GHz low power, half‐duplex transceiver (TRX) chip implemented in 65 nm CMOS technology. It supports short range point‐to‐point data rate up to 6 Gbps by employing on‐off keying (OOK). To investigate the irradiation hardness for high‐energy physics (HEP) applications, two TRX chips were irradiated with total ionising doses (TID) of 74 and 42 kGy and fluence of and for RX and TX modes, respectively. The chips were characterised by pre‐ and post‐irradiation analogue voltage measurements on different circuit blocks as well as through the analysis of wireless transmission parameters like bit error rate (BER), eye diagram, jitter etc. Post‐irradiation measurements have shown certain reduction in performance but both TRX chips have been found operational through over the air measurements at 5 Gbps. Moreover, very small shift in the carrier frequency was observed after the irradiation.
FEM approach for diagnosis of induction machines' non‐adjacent broken rotor bars by short‐time Fourier transform spectrogram
Authors: Panagiotou Panagiotis A. , Arvanitakis Ioannis , Lophitis Neophytos , Antonino‐Daviu Jose A. , Gyftakis Konstantinos N.
Published: May 2019

Rotor electrical faults are an issue frequently encountered when applying condition monitoring and fault diagnosis on induction machines. The detection via the analysis of the stator current becomes challenging when the rotor cage suffers from multiple breakages at non‐adjacent positions. In that case, electromagnetic asymmetries induced by the broken bars can be masked in such a way, that the diagnostic ability is highly likely to be obscured, thus leading to misinterpretation of the monitored signals' signatures. A new approach is proposed in this work to overcome this problem while the motor is at steady state. In this study, an industrial 6.6 kV, 1.1 MW induction motor is simulated with finite element analysis (FEM) and its electromagnetic variables are analysed and studied under healthy state and several faulty conditions. The analysis of the stator current and stray flux waveforms is executed in both the transient and the steady state and aims to diagnose the challenging cases where the rotor breakages are non‐consecutive with regard to their spatial location. The results show the potential of flux analysis to fault severity regardless of the spatial position of the broken bars.
rPICARD: A CASA-based calibration pipeline for VLBI data
Authors: Janssen M. , Goddi C. , van Bemmel I. M. , Kettenis M. , Small D. , Liuzzo E. , Rygl K. , Martí-Vidal I. , Blackburn L. , Wielgus M. , Falcke H.
Published: May 2019

Context. The Common Astronomy Software Application (CASA) software suite, which is a state-of-the-art package for radio astronomy, can now reduce very long baseline interferometry (VLBI) data with the recent addition of a fringe fitter.

Aims. Here, we present the Radboud PIpeline for the Calibration of high Angular Resolution Data (rPICARD), which is an open-source VLBI calibration and imaging pipeline built on top of the CASA framework. The pipeline is capable of reducing data from different VLBI arrays. It can be run non-interactively after only a few non-default input parameters are set and delivers high-quality calibrated data. CPU scalability based on a message-passing interface (MPI) implementation ensures that large bandwidth data from future arrays can be processed within reasonable computing times.

Methods. Phase calibration is done with a Schwab–Cotton fringe fit algorithm. For the calibration of residual atmospheric effects, optimal solution intervals are determined based on the signal-to-noise ratio (S/N) of the data for each scan. Different solution intervals can be set for different antennas in the same scan to increase the number of detections in the low S/N regime. These novel techniques allow rPICARD to calibrate data from different arrays, including high-frequency and low-sensitivity arrays. The amplitude calibration is based on standard telescope metadata, and a robust algorithm can solve for atmospheric opacity attenuation in the high-frequency regime. Standard CASA tasks are used for CLEAN imaging and self-calibration.

Results. In this work we demonstrate the capabilities of rPICARD by calibrating and imaging 7 mm Very Long Baseline Array (VLBA) data of the central radio source in the M 87 galaxy. The reconstructed jet image reveals a complex collimation profile and edge-brightened structure, in accordance with previous results. A potential counter-jet is detected that has 10% of the brightness of the approaching jet. This constrains jet speeds close to the radio core to about half the speed of light for small inclination angles.
Pistacia lentiscusL. edible oil: green extraction with bio-based solvents, metabolite profiling andin vitroanti-inflammatory activity
Authors: Chaabani Emna , Abert Vian Maryline , Dakhlaoui Sarra , Bourgou Soumaya , Chemat Farid , Ksouri Riadh
Published: May 2019

This study assesses, qualitatively and quantitatively, the performance of ten bio-based solvents to replace hexane for the extraction of oil fromPistacia lentiscusedible fruits. Solvent screening was achieved through theoretical approach using the COnductor-like Screening MOdel for Realistic Solvation (COSMO-RS) predictions and an experimental protocol based on GC-FID and HPTLC analysis. Unsupervised multivariate analyses were performed on GC-FID and HPTLC data. Experiments corroborated theoretical predictions indicating that MeTHF was the best alternative solvent to replace hexane. Moreover, the obtained extract exhibited a good anti-inflammatory activity, inhibiting by 91.9% NO release in RAW 264.7 macrophages. These findings highlighted the potential of green solvents especially MeTHF in lipid extraction and exhibited thatP. lentiscusoil presents a potential anti-inflammatory property and great nutritional value, notably high amount of oleic and linoleic acid, thus encouraging its valorization in food, cosmetic or pharmaceutical industry.
Nicht nur ein Verdauungsförderer – der Gelbe Enzian (Gentiana lutea L.)
Authors: Brendieck-Worm Cäcilia
Published: May 2019

Der therapeutische Einsatz des Gelben Enzians wurde schon vor ca. 2000 Jahren dokumentiert. Im Mittelalter galt Gelber Enzian nahezu als Universalheilmittel. In der Tierheilkunde spielte er eine herausragende Rolle und fand insbesondere bei Verdauungsstörungen breite Anwendung. Im 20. Jh. verlor er in der Tiermedizin massiv an Bedeutung, nicht jedoch in der Volksheilkunde. Seit der Entdeckung der ersten Bitterstoffrezeptoren im Jahr 2000 gewinnen Bitterstoffdrogen wie der Gelbe Enzian wieder an Bedeutung.
Early Basal Cortisol Level as a Predictor of Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal (HPA) Axis Function After Pituitary Tumor Surgery
Authors: Polovina Tanja Skoric , Kraljevic Ivana , Solak Mirsala , Balasko Annemarie , Haxhiu Arta , Haxhiu Arita , Dusek Tina , Poljicanin Tamara , Kastelan Darko
Published: May 2019

Purpose The purpose of this study was to evaluate the clinical relevance of the early postoperative basal cortisol level in assessing the postoperative hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis function after pituitary tumor surgery.

Methods We performed a prospective observational study that enrolled 83 patients operated for pituitary adenoma or other sellar lesions at the University Hospital Center Zagreb between December 2013 and April 2017 (44 nonfunctioning pituitary adenomas, 28 somatotropinomas, 5 craniopharyngiomas, 2 prolactinomas resistant to medical therapy and 4 other lesions - Rathke's cleft cyst, arachnoid cyst, chondroma and gangliocytoma). Exclusion criteria were Cushing's disease, chronic therapy with glucocorticoids prior to surgery and preoperative adrenal insufficiency. Early postoperative basal cortisol levels (measured on the second postoperative day) and the Synacthen stimulation test (performed 3 months after the surgery with the peak cortisol level of>500 nmol/L considered as a normal response) were analyzed to assess HPA axis function during follow-up.

Results ROC analysis showed a cut-off of the basal cortisol level of ≥300 nmol/L measured on the second postoperative day to predict normal postoperative HPA axis function with the sensitivity of 92.31%, specificity of 87.14% and positive predictive value of 57.14%.

Conclusion The basal cortisol level on the second postoperative day is a valuable tool to predict integrity of the HPA axis after pituitary tumor surgery. Our data suggest that the cortisol level of ≥300 nmol/L accurately predicts adrenal sufficiency and that in these patients glucocorticoid therapy can be withdrawn.
Thermal Ablations for Colorectal Liver Metastases
Authors: Gennaro Nicolò , Mauri Giovanni , Varano Gianluca Maria , Monfardini Lorenzo , Pedicini Vittorio , Poretti Dario , Solbiati Luigi Alessandro
Published: May 2019

Approximately 25% of colorectal cancers patients will develop hepatic metastases in the course of their disease. Surgical resection of hepatic metastases remains the first treatment choice for these patients, when feasible. However, only approximately 30% of metastatic lesions are resectable at the time of diagnosis. Thermal ablations have played an increasing role over the last few decades in the palliative and curative setting of colorectal liver metastases (CRLMs) in nonsurgical candidates with a liver-predominant disease. Several different techniques have been used to perform image-guided thermal ablations in the liver, including radiofrequency ablation, microwave ablation, cryoablation, and laser thermal ablation. We review the current ablation techniques, image-guidance modalities, indications, and debated topics of image-guided thermal ablation in CRLMs. Moreover, recent results from clinical trials are discussed along with future trends in liver thermal ablations.
Oocyte and Embryo Manipulation and Epigenetics
Authors: Osman Emily , Franasiak Jason , Scott Richard
Published: May 2019

Regulation of the epigenome is a mechanism by which the environment influences gene expression and consequently the health of the individual. The advent and refinement of novel assisted reproductive technology (ART) laboratory techniques, including vitrification, dynamic culture systems, oocyte in vitro maturation, laser-assisted hatching, intracytoplasmic sperm injection, and preimplantation genetic testing for aneuploidy have contributed to the success of ART. From fertilization through implantation, the epigenetic profile of the embryo changes dynamically. Concurrently with these changes, embryo development in vitro is dependent on laboratory intervention and manipulation to optimize outcomes. The impact of ART techniques on imprinting errors remains unclear, as the infertile population likely confers an independent risk factor for defects in expected epigenetic patterns. Alternations in epigenetic mechanisms may contribute to the incidence of aneuploidy as well as recurrent implantation failure of euploid embryos. Additional investigative efforts are needed to assess the contribution of oocyte and embryo manipulation on imprinting modifications in this vulnerable population. The development of diagnostic modalities involving the discovery of epigenetic alterations to improve in vitro fertilization outcomes is an exciting and promising area of future study.
A novel handling-free method of mounting single protein crystals for synchrotron structure analyses at room temperature
Authors: Suzuki Yoshihisa , Torii Kumi , Inaka Koji , Fujiwara Takahisa , Tanaka Hiroaki , Arai Yasutomo
Published: May 2019

We have developed a handling-free mounting method for X-ray crystallography of protein crystals at room temperatures—the glass capillary method. In this method, crystals were nucleated and grown on the capillary walls, and then, growth solutions were gently removed. The procedures for collecting data on the crystals were conducted by simply setting the capillary on the goniometer of a synchrotron beamline without touching the crystals. Crystal quality was characterized using mosaicity, resolution at I/σ(I) = 2, I/σ(I) at resolution = 2.0 Å, Rmerge, and completeness. Wilson plots were also used to characterize the quality of crystals. In particular, all samples showed very low mosaicity; the handling-free method successfully retained their low mosaicity and effectively maintained the crystal quality.
Oxygen consumption in human, tissue-engineered myobundles during basal and electrical stimulation conditions
Authors: Davis Brittany N. , Yen Ringo , Prasad Varun , Truskey George A.
Published: May 2019

During three-dimensional culture of skeletal muscle in vitro, electrical stimulation provides an important cue to enhance skeletal muscle mimicry of the in vivo structure and function. However, increased respiration can cause oxygen transport limitations in these avascular three-dimensional constructs, leading to a hypoxic, necrotic core, or nonuniform cell distributions in larger constructs. To enhance oxygen transport with convection, oxygen concentrations were measured using an optical sensor at the inlet and outlet of an 80 μl fluid volume microphysiological system (MPS) flow chamber containing three-dimensional human skeletal muscle myobundles. Finite element model simulations of convection around myobundles and oxygen metabolism by the myobundles in the 80 μl MPS flow chamber agreed well with the oxygen consumption rate (OCR) at different flow rates, suggesting that under basal conditions, mass transfer limitations were negligible for flow rates above 1.5 μl s−1. To accommodate electrodes for electrical stimulation, a modified 450 μl chamber was constructed. Electrical stimulation for 30 min increased the measured rate of oxygen consumption by the myobundles to slightly over 2 times the basal OCR. Model simulations indicate that mass transfer limitations were significant during electrical stimulation and, in the absence of mass transfer limitations, electrical stimulation induced about a 20-fold increase in the maximum rate of oxygen consumption. The results indicate that simulated exercise conditions increase respiration of skeletal muscle and mass transfer limitations reduce the measured levels of oxygen uptake, which may affect previous studies that model exercise with engineered muscle.
Revealing surface-state transport in ultrathin topological crystalline insulator SnTe films
Authors: Zou Ke , Albright Stephen D. , Dagdeviren Omur E. , Morales-Acosta M. D. , Simon Georg H. , Zhou Chao , Mandal Subhasish , Ismail-Beigi Sohrab , Schwarz Udo D. , Altman Eric I. , Walker Frederick J. , Ahn Charles H.
Published: May 2019

SnTe is a topological crystalline insulator that exhibits crystal symmetry protected topological surface states (SS), which are useful for the development of novel devices, such as low-dissipation transistors. However, major obstacles remain to probe the SS and realize the application of SnTe and other topological insulators. Due to unintentional doping by Sn vacancies, bulk conduction may overwhelm the transport through SS in SnTe. Synthesis of SnTe films thin enough to suppress bulk conduction has proven difficult due to the formation of discontinuous domain structures. By introducing a novel deposition method that builds upon molecular beam epitaxy, we achieve ultrathin continuous films of single-orientation SnTe (001) on SrTiO3 (STO) (001) substrates. We separate the carrier concentrations in the bulk and in the SS and discover that conduction through the SS dominates (a majority of hole carriers occupy the SS) in films thinner than 40 unit cells, with a large temperature independent hole density of SS nS = 5 × 1014 cm−2. Unlike the depletion of SS carriers observed at the vacuum/SnTe interface that inhibits topological behavior, we show that SS carriers are buried and protected from depletion at the SnTe/STO interface, which is enabled by the relatively large bandgap of STO and its favorable band alignment with SnTe. This work provides an important pathway for probing and realizing SS transport in SnTe and other TIs even when bulk conduction coexists.
Effect of AuNP-AuNP vdW interaction on the mechanics and piezoresistivity of AuNP-polymer nanocomposite
Authors: Zhang Te , Wang Guotong , Wang Chengyuan , Tang Chun , Zhang Faling , Luo Ying
Published: May 2019

Gold nanoparticle (AuNP)-polymer composite has attracted considerable attention due to its high stretchability, metal-like electrical conductivity and substantial piezoresistivity. In the nanocomposite, the effect of the van der Waals (vdW) interaction increases greatly between AuNPs, which may significantly change its overall mechanical and electrical properties. In examining this issue, the nanocomposite with randomly distributed AuNPs is constructed by Monte Carlo method, tensile tests on the material are then performed via molecular dynamics simulations and finally, its piezo-resistivity is studied based on an effective resistor model. The effects of AuNP interaction are examined for the mechanics, dynamics and piezoresistivity of the nanocomposite by comparing the results obtained in the presence and absence of the vdW interaction. It is found that the AuNP attraction tends to hold the AuNPs together, leading to enhanced Young’s modulus, yield and fracture stress even at the low volume fraction 5% to 10% of AuNPs. The piezoresistive effect of the composite is also improved as the AuNP attraction substantially affects AuNP dynamics in large deformation. It is expected that similar effects of NP vdW interaction can also be obtained for the nanocomposites based on copper or silver NPs embedded in polymer.
12OHJA, 12OGlcJA, and JA-l-Val as airborne MeJA metabolites
Authors: Oki Katsunari , Masimbula Rishni , Miyawaki Kanji , Takata Yusuke , Takahashi Kosaku , Matsuura Hideyuki
Published: May 2019

It has been reported that airborne methyl jasmonate (MeJA) was metabolized into jasmonic acid (JA) and jasmonoyl isoleucine (JA-l-Ile). In this report, jasmonoyl valine (JA-l-Val), 12-hydroxy JA (12OHJA), and 12-glucosyloxy JA (12OGlcJA) were identified as metabolites originating from airborne MeJA using tomato (Solanum lycopersicum). Furthermore, the preferable conversion of (-)-MeJA (natural form) into 12OHJA, 12OGlcJA, JA-l-Ile, and JA-l-Val was observed.