bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Parathyroid Reimplantation in Forearm Subcutaneous Tissue During Thyroidectomy: A Simple and Effective Way to Avoid Hypoparathyroidism
Authors: Cavallaro Giuseppe , Iorio Olga , Centanni Marco , Porta Natale , Iossa Angelo , Gargano Lucilla , Del Duca Susanna , Gurrado Angela , Testini Mario , Petrozza Vincenzo , Silecchia Gianfranco
Published: April 2015

Introduction

Parathyroid autotransplantation plays an important role in preventing hypoparathyroidism following thyroidectomy. The preferred reimplantation site is still the sternocleidomastoid muscle, but this approach does not permit to check graft vitality postoperatively. The authors report the first prospective evaluation of normal parathyroid gland reimplantation in forearm subcutaneous tissue (using the same technique proposed during parathyroidectomy for hyperplasia) in case of devascularized or inadvertently removed glands during thyroid surgery.

Materials and methods

From January 2013 to August 2014, we performed 348 consecutive thyroidectomies for various disease, both benign and malignant. In 25 cases, due to inadvertent parathyroid removal or evidence of insufficient blood supply, we removed and fragmented the gland into 0.5–1 mm slices (one for frozen section) and reimplanted it into two subcutaneous pockets on the non‐dominant forearm. After surgery we checked grafted gland function by evaluation of serum parathormone gradient between reimplanted versus non‐reimplanted arm (considering significant a ratio of 1.5 or more), at 1 week, 1 and 3 months after surgery.

Results

We observed recovery of reimplanted graft function in 48, 88 and 96 % of patients respectively at 1 week, 1 and 3 months after surgery. All patients showed normal parathormone levels in peripheral blood (non‐reimplanted arm). In one case we observed post‐operative wound hematoma on graft‐site. This patient showed no graft functionality in post‐operative period (even at 3 months follow‐up).

Conclusions

Parathyroid gland reimplantation in forearm subcutaneous tissue during thyroid surgery is a safe, easy and effective procedure; furthermore, it allows a good control of graft functionality and would allow an easy grafted gland removal if needed.
Mixing geopolitics and business: How ruling elites in the Caspian states justify their choice of export pipelines
Authors: Heinrich Andreas , Pleines Heiko
Published: April 2015

As political elites in the Caspian countries see themselves as actors who determine the fate of their countries and not as mere objects of international power struggles or as managers of pipeline projects, this contribution examines how domestic elites assess different pipeline projects. Based on close to 1,500 TV reports from national TV stations, which are seen as the mouthpiece of the ruling elites, we analyze the arguments surrounding oil and gas pipeline debate and construction in Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan and Turkmenistan.
Fluorescence quenching studies of structure and dynamics in calmodulin–eNOS complexes
Authors: Arnett David C. , Persechini Anthony , Tran Quang-Kim , Black D.J. , Johnson Carey K.
Published: April 2015

Activation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) by calmodulin (CaM) facilitates formation of a sequence of conformational states that is not well understood. Fluorescence decays of fluorescently labeled CaM bound to eNOS reveal four distinct conformational states and single‐molecule fluorescence trajectories show multiple fluorescence states with transitions between states occurring on time scales of milliseconds to seconds. A model is proposed relating fluorescence quenching states to enzyme conformations. Specifically, we propose that the most highly quenched state corresponds to CaM docked to an oxygenase domain of the enzyme. In single‐molecule trajectories, this state occurs with time lags consistent with the oxygenase activity of the enzyme.
Amino acid substitutions contributing to α2,6‐sialic acid linkage binding specificity of human parainfluenza virus type 3 hemagglutinin–neuraminidase
Authors: Fukushima Keijo , Takahashi Tadanobu , Ueyama Hiroo , Takaguchi Masahiro , Ito Seigo , Oishi Kenta , Minami Akira , Ishitsubo Erika , Tokiwa Hiroaki , Takimoto Toru , Suzuki Takashi
Published: April 2015

Human parainfluenza virus type 3 (hPIV3) recognizes both α2,3‐ and α2,6‐linked sialic acids, whereas human parainfluenza virus type 1 (hPIV1) recognizes only α2,3‐linked sialic acids. To identify amino acid residues that confer α2,6‐linked sialic acid recognition of hPIV3, amino acid residues in or neighboring the sialic acid binding pocket of the hPIV3 hemagglutinin–neuraminidase (HN) glycoprotein were substituted for the corresponding residues of hPIV1 HN. Hemadsorption assay with sialyl linkage‐modified red blood cells indicated that amino acid residues at positions 275, 277, 372, and 426 contribute to α2,6‐linked sialic acid recognition of the HN3 glycoprotein.
Structural and functional characterization of tumor suppressors TIG3 and H‐REV107
Authors: Wei Hejia , Wang Lei , Ren Xiaobai , Yu Wenyu , Lin Jian , Jin Changwen , Xia Bin
Published: April 2015

H‐REV107‐like family proteins TIG3 and H‐REV107 are class II tumor suppressors. Here we report that the C‐terminal domains (CTDs) of TIG3 and H‐REV107 can induce HeLa cell death independently. The N‐terminal domain (NTD) of TIG3 enhances the cell death inducing ability of CTD, while NTD of H‐REV107 plays an inhibitory role. The solution structure of TIG3 NTD is very similar to that of H‐REV107 in overall fold. However, the CTD binding regions on NTD are different between TIG3 and H‐REV107, which may explain their functional difference. As a result, the flexible main loop of H‐REV107, but not that of TIG3, is critical for its NTD to modulate its CTD in inducing cell death.
Expression of nephronectin is inhibited by oncostatin M via both JAK/STAT and MAPK pathways
Authors: Kurosawa Tamaki , Yamada Atsushi , Takami Masamichi , Suzuki Dai , Saito Yoshiro , Hiranuma Katsuhiro , Enomoto Takuya , Morimura Naoko , Yamamoto Matsuo , Iijima Takehiko , Shirota Tatsuo , Itabe Hiroyuki , Kamijo Ryutaro
Published: April 2015

Nephronectin (Npnt), also called POEM, is an extracellular matrix protein considered to play critical roles as an adhesion molecule in the development and functions of various tissues, such as the kidneys, liver, and bones. In the present study, we examined the molecular mechanism ofNpnt gene expression and found that oncostatin M (OSM) strongly inhibitedNpnt mRNA expression in MC3T3‐E1 cells from a mouse osteoblastic cell line. OSM also induced a decrease inNpnt expression in both time‐ and dose‐dependent manners via both the JAK/STAT and MAPK pathways. In addition, OSM‐induced inhibition of osteoblast differentiation was recovered by over‐expression ofNpnt. These results suggest that OSM inhibitsNpnt expression via the JAK/STAT and MAPK pathways, while down‐regulation ofNpnt by OSM influences inhibition of osteoblast differentiation.
The AhR agonist VAF347 augments retinoic acid‐induced differentiation in leukemia cells
Authors: Ibabao Christopher N. , Bunaciu Rodica P. , Schaefer Deanna M.W. , Yen Andrew
Published: April 2015

In binary cell‐fate decisions, driving one lineage and suppressing the other are conjoined. We have previously reported that aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) promotes retinoic acid (RA)‐induced granulocytic differentiation of lineage bipotent HL‐60 myeloblastic leukemia cells. VAF347, an AhR agonist, impairs the development of CD14+CD11b+ monocytes from granulo‐monocytic (GM) stage precursors. We thus hypothesized that VAF347 propels RA‐induced granulocytic differentiation and impairs D3‐induced monocytic differentiation of HL‐60 cells. Our results show that VAF347 enhanced RA‐induced cell cycle arrest, CD11b integrin expression and neutrophil respiratory burst. Granulocytic differentiation is known to be driven by MAPK signaling events regulated by Fgr and Lyn Src‐family kinases, the CD38 cell membrane receptor, the Vav1 GEF, the c‐Cbl adaptor, as well as AhR, all of which are embodied in a putative signalsome. We found that the VAF347 AhR ligand regulates the signalsome. VAF347 augments RA‐induced expression of AhR, Lyn, Vav1, and c‐Cbl as well as p47phox. Several interactions of partners in the signalsome appear to be enhanced: Fgr interaction with c‐Cbl, CD38, and with pS259c‐Raf and AhR interaction with c‐Cbl and Lyn. Thus, we report that, while VAF347 impedes monocytic differentiation induced by 1,25‐dihydroxyvitamin D3, VAF347 promotes RA‐induced differentiation. This effect seems to involve but not to be limited to Lyn, Vav1, c‐Cbl, AhR, and Fgr.
HIV‐1 matrix domain removal ameliorates virus assembly and processing defects incurred by positive nucleocapsid charge elimination
Authors: Ko Li-Jung , Yu Fu-Hsien , Huang Kuo-Jung , Wang Chin-Tien
Published: April 2015

Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 nucleocapsid (NC) basic residues presumably contribute to virus assembly via RNA, which serves as a scaffold for Gag–Gag interaction during particle assembly. To determine whether NC basic residues play a role in Gag cleavage (thereby impacting virus assembly), Gag processing efficiency and virus particle production were analyzed for an HIV‐1 mutant NC15A, with alanine serving as a substitute for all NC basic residues. Results indicate that NC15A significantly impaired virus maturation in addition to significantly affecting Gag membrane binding and assembly. Interestingly, removal of the matrix (MA) central globular domain ameliorated the NC15A assembly and processing defects, likely through enhancement of Gag multimerization and membrane binding capacities.
A meta‐analysis of maternal and fetal outcomes of pregnancy after bariatric surgery
Authors: Yi Xiao‐yan , Li Qi‐fu , Zhang Jun , Wang Zhi‐hong
Published: April 2015

Background

The effects of bariatric surgery (BS) on outcomes in subsequent pregnancies are unclear.

Objectives

To compare maternal and fetal outcomes among women who become pregnant after BS and obese women who have not undergone BS before pregnancy.

Search strategy

PubMed and Embase were searched for relevant reports, and the reference lists of identified articles were hand‐searched.

Selection criteria

Cohort studies that compared outcomes among women who had undergone any type of BS and obese women who had not undergone surgery were included when results were reported as risk ratios or odds ratios (ORs).

Data collection and analysis

Summary ORs were estimated using a random effects model.

Main results

Eleven studies were included. Compared with obese women who had not undergone BS, women who had undergone BS had significantly lower odds of gestational diabetes (OR 0.31; 95% CI 0.15–0.65), hypertensive disorders (OR 0.42; 95% CI 0.23–0.78), and macrosomia (OR 0.40; 95% CI 0.24–0.67). However, their odds of small‐for‐gestational‐age newborns were increased (OR 2.16; 95% CI 1.28–3.66). No significant differences were recorded for cesarean, postpartum hemorrhage, and preterm delivery.

Conclusions

BS reduces the odds of some adverse maternal and fetal outcomes among obese women.
Profile of ostomy patients residing in Pouso Alegre city
Authors: Salomé Geraldo Magela , Carvalho Maiume Roana Ferreira , Massahud Marcelo Renato , Mendes Bruno
Published: April 2015

The objective was to characterize the clientele of ostomy patients living in Pouso Alegre, Minas Gerais, Brazil. Among the causes that led patients to acquire an ostomy, the most prevalent was neoplasia; the type of ostomy was a permanent colostomy. Most people were not told that they would be submitted to the stoma. In addition, individuals were not subject to stoma demarcation, and irrigation was not performed. Regarding the type of complication, 34 (48.60%) had dermatitis; 14 (20%), retraction; and 13 (18.60%), prolapse. With respect to stoma diameter, 34 (48.60%) had 20–40 mm and 23 (32.90%), 40–60 mm. With this study, we became aware of the profile of ostomized patients treated at the municipality of Pouso Alegre/MG; it is expected that, with these data, the improvement of care to this population can be subsidized. We suggest that nursing professionals think of health action strategies with respect to guidance on stoma manufacture and to measures aiming for the prevention of possible complications, promoting ways to help these patients to make decisions and to verbalize feelings, so that they feel supported in coping with changes in their body image, for the sake of survival.
The Ecumenical Potential of Church Polity
Authors: Koffeman Leo J
Published: April 2015

This article is a reflection on Norman Doe's bookChristian Law: contemporary principles (2013)from a Protestant and Continental perspective. Against the background of the self-evident impact of ecumenical progress in terms of church polity, it explores the relation between ecumenism and church polity from the opposite perspective: can the academic discipline of church polity foster ecumenism, as Doe suggests in his statement that ‘whilst doctrines divide, laws link Christians in common action’? After stating that a more nuanced understanding of the concept of ‘normativity’ is of fundamental importance in this respect, the article then indicates the possible risk of an ideological use of church law. Five reasons are given as to why church polity often hampers rather than fosters ecumenical progress, even if traditional doctrinal issues have been resolved. Finally, the fundamental category of divine law is explored, and its impact on ecumenical progress.
Queen of Canada and Not of Babylon: The Constitutional Status of the Crown in Canada and Freedom of Religion
Authors: Ogilvie M H
Published: April 2015

In August 2014 the Court of Appeal for Ontario handed down two decisions concerned with the constitutional status of the Crown in Canada in relation to freedom of conscience and religion pursuant to the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms. In one decision,Teskey v Canada (Attorney General), the court denied that the UK legislative changes to the succession rules to which Canada agreed constituted an infringement of the religious equality rights of a Canadian Roman Catholic pursuant to section 15 (the equality provision) of the Charter. In the other decision,McAteer v Canada (Attorney General)the court denied that the statutory requirement that a person take an oath to Her Majesty as Queen of Canada to obtain Canadian citizenship constituted an infringement of the freedoms of conscience, religion and expression provisions in sections 2(a) and 2(b) of the Charter of persons who regarded her as an ‘Anglican Queen’.
Mass modelling from stellar streams in the Milky Way
Authors: Helmi Amina , Sanderson Robyn E.
Published: April 2015

Arguably two of the most important questions in Astrophysics today are: what is the Universe made of? and, how do galaxies form and evolve? Quite astonishingly we know only the properties of < 5% of the mass in the Universe (the atoms we are made of), while the nature of the dominant mass component (the dark matter) remains elusive. However, because of its abundance, dark matter is a significant driver of both the dynamics of stars and galaxies and of their formation and evolution.
Dynamical Mass Determinations and Scaling Relations of Early-Type Galaxies
Authors: Cappellari Michele
Published: April 2015

I review our understanding of classic dynamical scaling relations, relating luminosity, size and kinematics of early-type galaxies. Using unbiased determinations of galaxy mass profiles from stellar dynamical models, a simple picture has emerged in which scaling relations are driven by virial equilibrium, accompanied by a trend in the stellar mass-to-light ratio (M/L). This picture confirms the earliest insights. The trend is mainly due to the combined variation of age, metallicity and the stellar initial mass function (IMF). The systematic variations best correlate with the galaxy velocity dispersion, which traces the bulge mass fraction. This indicates a link between bulge growth and quenching of star formation. Dark matter is unimportant within the half-light radius, where the total mass profile is close to isothermal (ρ ∝r−2).
Reconstructing the mass assembly history with kinematics and nuclear light profiles
Authors: Krajnović Davor
Published: April 2015

In this contribution I show that by combining imaging and integral-field spectroscopy it is possible to unravel the internal structure of galaxies. In particular, I will present the photometric and kinematic evidence for discs linking them with stellar angular momentum content of early-type galaxies. Furthermore, I show that the existence of both fast rotators with core and slow rotators with core-less nuclear light profiles challenges the standard formation scenarios for fast and slow rotators and suggests new pathways of mass assembly.
Angular Momentum across the Hubble sequence from the CALIFA survey
Authors: Falcón-Barroso Jesús , Lyubenova Mariya , van de Ven Glenn ,   the CALIFA collaboration
Published: April 2015

We investigate the stellar angular momentum of galaxies across the Hubble sequence from the CALIFA survey. The distribution of CALIFA elliptical and lenticular galaxies in the λRe - εe diagram is consistent with that shown by the Atlas3D survey. Our data, however, show that the location of spiral galaxies in this diagram is significantly different. We have found two families of spiral galaxies with particularly peculiar properties: (a) spiral galaxies with much higher λRe values than any elliptical and lenticular galaxy; (b) low-mass spiral galaxies with observed λRe values much lower than expected for their apparent flattening. We use these two families of objects to argue that (1) fading alone cannot explain the transformation of spiral to lenticular galaxies, and (2) that those low-mass spiral galaxies are in fact dark matter dominated, which explains the unusually low angular momentum.
Galaxy Halo Masses from Weak Gravitational Lensing
Authors: Mandelbaum Rachel
Published: April 2015

In this review, I discuss the use of galaxy-galaxy weak lensing measurements to study the masses of dark matter halos in which galaxies reside. After summarizing how weak gravitational lensing measurements can be interpreted in terms of halo mass, I review measurements that were used to derive the relationship between optical galaxy mass tracers, such as stellar mass or luminosity, and dark matter halo mass. Measurements of galaxy-galaxy lensing from the past decade have led to increasingly tight constraints on the connection between dark matter halo mass and optical mass tracers, including both the mean relationships between these quantities and the intrinsic scatter between them. I also review some of the factors that can complicate analysis, such as the choice of modeling procedure, and choices made when dividing up samples of lens galaxies.
The SAMI Galaxy Survey: early data release and first science
Authors: Croom Scott M. , Allen James T. , Cortese Luca , Fogarty Lisa , Ho I-Ting ,   the SAMI Galaxy Survey Team
Published: April 2015

The Sydney–AAO Multi-object Integral field spectrograph (SAMI) Galaxy Survey is an ongoing project to obtain spatially resolved spectroscopic observations of ~3400 galaxies by mid-2016. To date, a total of ~1000 galaxies have been observed, making the SAMI Galaxy Survey the largest integral field survey in existence. In July 2014 the early data release for the SAMI galaxy Survey occurred, with over 100 galaxies available to the community. The richness of the SAMI dataset allows a vast array of science. We highlight some of the early science results from the project, including the discovery and analysis of galactic winds, the distribution of fast and slow rotating early type galaxies, and the unification of galaxy scaling relations.
The KMOS Galaxy Clusters Project
Authors: Davies Roger L. , Beifiori A. , Bender R. , Cappellari M. , Chan J. , Houghton R. , Mendel T. , Saglia R. , Sharples R. , Stott J. , Smith R. , Wilman D.
Published: April 2015

KMOS is a cryogenic infrared spectrograph fed by twentyfour deployable integral field units that patrol a 7.2 arcminute diameter field of view at the Nasmyth focus of the ESO VLT. It is well suited to the study of galaxy clusters at 1 < z < 2 where the well understood features in the restframe V-band are shifted into the KMOS spectral bands. Coupled with HST imagining, KMOS offers a window on the critical epoch for galaxy evolution, 7-10 Gyrs ago, when the key properties of cluster galaxies were established. We aim to investigate the size, mass, morphology and star formation history of galaxies in the clusters. Here we describe the instrument, discuss the status of the observations and report some preliminary results.
The growth channel of massive galaxies
Authors: Trujillo Ignacio
Published: April 2015

There is growing evidence suggesting that massive galaxies have growth both in mass and size mainly by the accretion of smaller satellites. This evolutionary path qualitative explains many different observations. However, there is still much work to do on trying to quantify whether this merging scenario is enough to explain the significant growth of massive galaxies since z~2. In this contribution, we show that both the number of satellite galaxies around massive galaxies at all redshifts, and the existence of massive relic galaxies in the nearby Universe are in quantitative agreement with this merging picture. Nonetheless, there is still open questions related to the properties of the stellar halos of present-day massive galaxies and the number density of massive relics at all redshifts that remain open.
The Dwarfs Beyond: Relating Stellar and Halo Mass in Dwarf Galaxies to z ~ 1
Authors: Miller Sarah H.
Published: April 2015

Do the kinematics and mass profiles of dwarf galaxies present a fundamental challenge to standard cold dark matter (CDM) models? New, deep spectroscopy using DEIMOS on Keck for hundreds of low stellar mass (107-109 M⊙ star-forming galaxies at intermediate redshift (0.2 < z < 1) addresses this inquiry in a way that is less subject to cosmic variance and environmental bias than previous, more local work. Half of this sample reveals resolved, doppler-shifted nebular emission, used to constrain rotation curves. From these we can construct the stellar mass Tully-Fisher relation to masses as low as ~107 M⊙, and a persistent discrepancy is found between predictions from simulations and models compared to our observations. We suggest on-going and future tests that will be more effective in distinguishing between the effects of baryonic feedback and alternative models of dark matter in this remarkable regime.
Förderung von Klassenführungsfähigkeiten im Lehramtsstudium
Authors: Hellermann Christina , Gold Bernadette , Holodynski Manfred
Published: April 2015

Unterrichtsvideos werden immer häufiger in der Lehrerbildung eingesetzt. Es gibt jedoch bisher erst wenige Studien darüber, wie sich unterschiedliche Lehrkonzepte auf das Lernen auswirken. In der vorliegenden Interventionsstudie wurden zwei videobasierte universitäre Trainings im Bereich Klassenführung im Grundschulunterricht in einem quasi-experimentellen Prä-Post-Design verglichen. Eine Gruppe (N = 36) analysierte die Klassenführung von fremden Lehrpersonen anhand mehrerer Videoszenen. Die zweite Trainingsgruppe (N = 32) analysierte sowohl Videomaterial aus fremdem als auch aus eigenem Unterricht. Die Lernzuwächse beider Trainingsgruppen wurden mit einer unbehandelten Kontrollgruppe (N = 28) kontrastiert. Die Ergebnisse von Kovarianzanalysen stützen die Hypothese, dass das Training anhand von fremden und eigenen Unterrichtsvideos die professionelle Wahrnehmung ([Formula: see text] = .147) am besten schult. Doch auch das Training anhand fremder Videos zeigt Lerneffekte.
Implizite und explizite Motive von Leistungs- und Freizeitsporttreibenden
Authors: Gröpel Peter , Schoene Lena , Wegner Mirko
Published: April 2015

Nach Krug und Kuhl (2006) sollten die Motivprofile von Leistungssportlern eine Passung zu den Anforderungen der jeweiligen Sportart aufweisen. Diesen Annahmen zufolge sollten bei Leistungssporttreibenden insbesondere das Leistungs- und Machtmotiv dominant sein. Im Rahmen zweier Studien wurde die Stärke des Macht-, Leistungs- und Anschlussmotivs von Leistungssporttreibenden mit denen von Freizeitsporttreibenden verglichen. In Studie 1 wurden die Motivprofile von 29 Leistungssporttreibenden mit denen von 34 Freizeitsportreibenden aus technik- und ausdauerorientierten Sportarten verglichen. An Studie 2 nahmen 86 Tennis-, Tischtennis- und Badmintonspieler als Hochleistungssportler teil deren Motivprofile mit denen von 57 Freizeitsporttreibenden aus interaktiven Sportarten verglichen wurden. Die impliziten Motive wurden mit Bildgeschichtenübungen (Picture Story Exercise, Operanter Motive Test) erhoben, die expliziten Motive mit Fragebögen (Zielsetzungsinventar, Personality Research Form). Die Ergebnisse bestätigen die Annahmen, dass Leistungssporttreibende höhere implizite und explizite Leistungsmotive als Freizeitsporttreibende zeigen. Die Unterschiede in den Anschlussmotiven und impliziten Machtmotiv wurden nur bei Hochleistungssportlern aus interaktiven Sportarten (Studie 2) gefunden.
Tracking the Elusive Actual-Ideal Discrepancy Model Within Latent Subpopulations
Authors: Morin Alexandre J. S. , Scalas L. Francesca , Marsh Herbert W.
Published: April 2015

This substantive-methodological synergy applies mixture modeling to verify whether the elusive, yet widely endorsed, actual-ideal discrepancy (AID) model might be verified in specific subgroups. Relations between Actual and Ideal Appearance, Physical Self-Concept (PSC), and Global Self-Esteem (GSE) were assessed with Mixture Structural Equation Models in a large sample of youth (N = 1,693). The results revealed three profiles, one of which (25.7%) supported the predicted negative effect of Ideal Appearance on PSC. The relations seem to be more complex than assumed, such that the effects of Actual Appearance on PSC/GSE increase as ideal standards increase, and that the negative effects of ideal standards on PSC are only apparent when these standards are lower. These results suggest the need for a revised AID model where ideals play a weighting role in the relations between Actual Appearance, PSC, and GSE.
The Extraverted Chameleon
Authors: Kurzius Elena
Published: April 2015

Although mimicking behavior has been shown to relate to trait affiliation, there are no investigations of its relations to broader concepts of personality. In this study, personality was assessed in terms of the Big Five and mimicry was operationalized as adaptation in speech rates. In a within-subjects design, participants interacted with two confederates who differed in speech rate (slow, fast) and the participants’ speech rates in each condition were measured as words uttered per minute of speaking. Data were analyzed employing a multilevel modeling approach. Extraversion and openness significantly predicted participants’ adaptation in speech rate, whereas agreeableness did not. The role of affiliation and status, being building-blocks of extraversion and openness, as a sine qua non for the emergence of mimicry is discussed.
Toward Evidence-Based Decision Making in Aviation
Authors: Mavin Timothy J. , Roth Wolff-Michael , Soo Kassandra , Munro Ian
Published: April 2015

Academic institutions and airlines have always worked together to develop and conduct research studies. However, most often the expertise or areas of interest of the academics have driven these studies. In this paper, we illustrate the results of an industry–university collaboration that generated data that the airline could use to engage in evidence-based decision making. The example given regards issues emerging from mixed-fleet flying, generally related to reverse transition from glass to analogue cockpits.
Experimental Evaluation of the AIRWOLF Weather Advisory Tool for En Route Air Traffic Controllers
Authors: Ahlstrom Ulf
Published: April 2015

The objective of this study was to examine the potential benefits for air traffic controllers from the use of automated weather advisories. In a part-task simulation, we used a weather support tool called Automatic Identification of Risky Weather Objects in Line of Flight (AIRWOLF) that (a) detects conflicts between aircraft and hazardous weather, (b) alerts the controller, and (c) generates automatic weather advisories. During the simulation, air traffic control (ATC) subject matter experts responded to AIRWOLF alerts and either provided weather advisories to pilots via radio in two main conditions or provided data link communication in a third control condition. Automated advisories (a) eliminate the need for a manual production of weather advisories; (b) reduce the production time, voice duration, and overall advisory duration; and (c) reduce the cognitive workload associated with the dissemination of weather advisories. The results showed that the AIRWOLF tool could support air traffic controller weather avoidance actions and provide accurate and timely weather advisories to pilots. The weather advisory tool could support en route controllers for the safe, efficient, and strategic efforts required to handle adverse weather conditions in the en route environment.
Tipping Point for Nuisance Coastal Flooding May Come by 2050
Authors: Wheeling Kate
Published: April 2015

By midcentury, many U.S. cities along the Mid-Atlantic, Gulf, and West coasts may experience 30 or more days a year with minor flooding.
Impact of revisions of the JSCCR guidelines on the treatment of T1 colorectal carcinomas in Japan
Authors: Urabe Y. , Tanaka S. , Saito Y. , Igarashi M. , Watanabe T. , Sugihara K.
Published: April 2015

Purpose: In 1977, the Japanese Society for Cancer of the Colon and Rectum (JSCCR) published the first edition of the general guidelines that described how to record clinical and histopathological findings of colorectal carcinomas (CRCs) and how to treat these cancers, and since then, the guidelines were revised several times. The aim of this study was to examine the impact of the revisions of the JSCCR guidelines on the treatment of submucosal CRCs (T1-CRCs) in Japanese clinical settings.

Methods: Questionnaires were sent to all 391 member institutions of the JSCCR. The questionnaires consisted of 2 parts: details of the institutions and treatment strategies for T1-CRCs.

Results: 73 (19 %) institutions responded to the survey. The number of treated T1-CRCs has increased year by year, and the rate of endoscopic resection for T1-CRCs has significantly increased with revisions of the guidelines (1417 [47 %] of 2985 T1-CRCs in 2003 – 2005, 2110 [50 %] of 4212 in 2006 – 2008, and 2546 [54 %] of 4686 in 2009 – 2011, P<.05).

Conclusion: The revisions of the JSCCR guidelines have influenced the treatment of T1-CRCs in Japanese clinical settings. There is room to revise the criteria for curative endoscopic resection to avoid unnecessary surgeries.
Positionspapier der DGHNO und der DGPP – Stand der klinischen und endoskopischen Diagnostik, Evaluation und Therapie von Schluckstörungen bei Kindern und Erwachsenen
Authors: Arens C. , Herrmann I. F. , Rohrbach S. , Schwemmle C. , Nawka T.
Published: April 2015

Schluckstörungen sind häufig. Sie können zu erhöhter Mortalität durch aspirationsbedingte Lungenkomplikationen und Mangelernährung einerseits sowie einer erheblichen Beeinträchtigung der Lebensqualität andererseits führen. Die demografische Entwicklung in Deutschland lässt einen kontinuierlichen Anstieg der Dysphagie in den kommenden Jahren erwarten. Schwerpunkte sind dabei neurodegenerative Erkrankungen, die Tumoren im Verlauf der Schluckstraße und die Folgen der Tumorbehandlung im oberen Aerodigestivtrakt.

Vorrangig sind die Ärzte aus dem HNO-Bereich und der Phoniatrie als kompetente Fachgruppen zentrale Ansprechpartner für die Diagnostik und Therapieplanung der Dysphagie.

Die meist komplexen Störungen verlangen eine differenzierte Anamnese, Diagnostik und eine symptomorientierte Behandlung.

Das Einbeziehen auch von nicht-ärztlichen Fachgruppen wie Logopäden, Physiotherapeuten und Ergotherapeuten in die Planung einer effizienten Therapie erweitert und komplettiert die kompetente patientenzentrierte Betreuung. Die konservative Dysphagietherapie durch Logopäden und ähnliche Fachgruppen ist, auch längerfristig, ein wichtiges Standbein der Behandlung. Zudem können Anteile der spezifischen Diagnostik in enger Kooperation übernommen werden.

Eine interdisziplinäre Zusammenarbeit insbesondere mit den intensivmedizinischen neurologischen und internistischen Fachgruppen ist erforderlich.

Die in diesem Positionspapier beschriebenen Verfahren der speziellen Endoskopie gehören zu den originären ärztlichen Leistungen, vornehmlich der Fachärzte für Hals-, Nasen-, und Ohrenheilkunde bzw. für Sprach-, Stimm- und kindliche Hörstörungen (Phoniatrie und Pädaudiologie).

Die Endoskopie ist eine ärztliche Leistung, die grundsätzlich nicht delegierbar ist „In keinem Fall delegierbar sind Leistungen der Endoskopie (außer Kapselendoskopien, die durch speziell ausgebildete nichtärztliche Mitarbeiter geführt werden können) und der Sonografie“ siehe 278. Entsprechend ist eine Substitution des Arztes ausgeschlossen.
Effects of partitioned enthalpy of mixing on glass-forming ability
Authors: Song Wen-Xiong , Zhao Shi-Jin
Published: April 2015

We explore the inherent reason at atomic level for the glass-forming ability of alloys by molecular simulation, in which the effect of partitioned enthalpy of mixing is studied. Based on Morse potential, we divide the enthalpy of mixing into three parts: the chemical part (Δ Enn), strain part (Δ Estrain), and non-bond part (Δ Ennn). We find that a large negative Δ Enn value represents strong AB chemical bonding in AB alloy and is the driving force to form a local ordered structure, meanwhile the transformed local ordered structure needs to satisfy the condition (Δ Enn/2 + Δ Estrain) < 0 to be stabilized. Understanding the chemical and strain parts of enthalpy of mixing is helpful to design a new metallic glass with a good glass forming ability. Moreover, two types of metallic glasses (i.e., “strain dominant” and “chemical dominant”) are classified according to the relative importance between chemical effect and strain effect, which enriches our knowledge of the forming mechanism of metallic glass. Finally, a soft sphere model is established, different from the common hard sphere model.
Interaction between counterpropagating Rossby waves and capillary waves in planar shear flows
Authors: Biancofiore L. , Gallaire F. , Heifetz E.
Published: April 2015

A counterintuitive destabilizing effect of the surface tension in planar wakes has been observed by Tammisola et al. [“Effect of surface tension on global modes of confined wake flows,” Phys. Fluids 23, 014108 (2011)] and Biancofiore et al. [“Direct numerical simulations of two-phase immiscible wakes,” Fluid Dyn. Res. 46, 041409 (2014)] by means of linear global analyses and direct numerical simulations, respectively. In the present study, we approximate the velocity profile of a wake flow through a piecewise broken-line profile and explain the presence of temporal unstable modes using an interfacial wave interaction perspective. With this perspective, we associate to each vorticity discontinuity an individual counterpropagating Rossby wave (RW), while the introduction of a finite amount of surface tension at the interface creates two capillary waves (CWs) which propagate with respect to the interface velocity with the same relative velocity but in opposite directions. The addition of the surface tension generates a new unstable mode, which is a Rossby-capillary mode, since it is due to the interaction between one RW and one CW. Furthermore, we capture the spatio-temporal evolution of the interacting four-waves system by means of an impulse response analysis. The spreading of the wavepacket, and consequently the absolute nature of the instability, is enhanced by a moderate surface tension, especially if the interface is located close to the faster edge of the broken-line wake profile. This can be explained by the influence of the surface tension on the group velocities of the waves, taken in isolation.
Does the topography’s specific shape matter in general for the stability of film flows?
Authors: Schörner Mario , Reck Daniel , Aksel Nuri
Published: April 2015

In our experimental study on the linear stability of gravity-driven films flowing over inclined topographies, we consider a fundamental question: does the topography’s specific shape matter in general for the stability of film flows? In order to understand this complex problem, we used five topographies of different shapes. For each topography, we characterized the basic flow by measuring the flow field and the free surface contour. Experiments on the flow’s linear stability followed. We obtained astonishing results on how the topography’s shape can manipulate both the basic flow and the linear stability of gravity-driven films.
Influence of inherent structure shear stress of supercooled liquids on their shear moduli
Authors: Fuereder Ingo , Ilg Patrick
Published: April 2015

Configurations of supercooled liquids residing in their local potential minimum (i.e., in their inherent structure, IS) were found to support a non-zero shear stress. This IS stress was attributed to the constraint to the energy minimization imposed by boundary conditions, which keep size and shape of the simulation cell fixed. In this paper, we further investigate the influence of these boundary conditions on the IS stress. We investigate its importance for the computation of the low frequency shear modulus of a glass obtaining a consistent picture for the low- and high frequency shear moduli over the full temperature range. Hence, we find that the IS stress corresponds to a non-thermal contribution to the fluctuation term in the Born-Green expression. This leads to an unphysical divergence of the moduli in the low temperature limit if no proper correction for this term is applied. Furthermore, we clarify the IS stress dependence on the system size and put its origin on a more formal basis.
A self-analyzing double-loop digital controller in laser frequency stabilization for inter-satellite laser ranging
Authors: Luo Yingxin , Li Hongyin , Yeh Hsien-Chi , Luo Jun
Published: April 2015

We present a digital controller specially designed for laser frequency stabilization in the application of inter-satellite laser ranging. The prototype of controller is developed using field programmable gate arrays programmed with National Instruments LabVIEW software. The controller is flexible, self-analyzing, and easily optimized with build-in system analysis. Application and performance of the controller to a laser frequency stabilization system designed for spaceborne scientific missions are demonstrated.
Microwave properties of ferromagnetic nanowire arrays patterned with periodic and quasi-periodic structures
Authors: Lei Yuxiong , Chen Zheng , Li Liangliang
Published: April 2015

Microwave properties of ferromagnetic nanowire arrays patterned with periodic and quasi-periodic structures were investigated in this study. The periodic and quasi-periodic structures were designed based on Fibonacci sequence and golden ratio. Ni nanowires arrays were electrodeposited in anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) templates with patterned Cu electrodes, and then the AAO templates were attached to the coplanar waveguide lines fabricated on quartz substrate for measurement. The S21 of both periodic and quasi-periodic structure-patterned Ni nanowire arrays showed an extra absorption peak besides the absorption peak due to the ferromagnetic resonance of Ni nanowires. The frequency of the absorption peak caused by the patterned structure could be higher than 40 GHz when the length and arrangement of the structural units were modified. In addition, the frequency of the absorption peak due to the quasi-periodic structure was calculated based on a simple analytical model, and the calculated value was consistent with the measured one. The experimental data showed that it could be a feasible approach to tune the performance of microwave devices by patterning ferromagnetic nanowires.
Observation of weak carrier localization in green emitting InGaN/GaN multi-quantum well structure
Authors: Mohanta Antaryami , Wang Shiang-Fu , Young Tai-Fa , Yeh Ping-Hung , Ling Dah-Chin , Lee Meng-En , Jang Der-Jun
Published: April 2015

Green emitting InGaN/GaN multi-quantum well samples were investigated using transmission electron microscopy, photoluminescence (PL), and time-resolved photoluminescence (TRPL) spectroscopy. Weak carrier localization with characteristic energy of ∼12 meV due to an inhomogeneous distribution of In in the InGaN quantum (QW) layer is observed. The temperature dependence of the PL peak energy exhibits S-shape phenomenon and is comparatively discussed within the framework of the Varshni's empirical formula. The full width at half maximum of the PL emission band shows an increasing-decreasing-increasing behavior with increasing temperature arising from the localized states caused by potential fluctuations. The radiative life time, τr, extracted from the TRPL profile shows ∼T3/2 dependence on temperature above 200 K, which confirms the absence of the effect of carrier localization at room temperature.
Evidence of a reduction reaction of oxidized iron/cobalt by boron atoms diffused toward naturally oxidized surface of CoFeB layer during annealing
Authors: Sato Soshi , Honjo Hiroaki , Ikeda Shoji , Ohno Hideo , Endoh Tetsuo , Niwa Masaaki
Published: April 2015

We have investigated the redox reaction on the surface of Ta/CoFeB/MgO/CoFeB magnetic tunnel junction stack samples after annealing at 300, 350, and 400 °C for 1 h using angle-resolved X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy for precise analysis of the chemical bonding states. At a capping tantalum layer thickness of 1 nm, both the capping tantalum layer and the surface of the underneath CoFeB layer in the as-deposited stack sample were naturally oxidized. By comparison of the Co 2p and Fe 2p spectra among the as-deposited and annealed samples, reduction of the naturally oxidized cobalt and iron atoms occurred on the surface of the CoFeB layer. The reduction reaction was more significant at higher annealing temperature. Oxidized cobalt and iron were reduced by boron atoms that diffused toward the surface of the top CoFeB layer. A single CoFeB layer was prepared on SiO2, and a confirmatory evidence of the redox reaction with boron diffusion was obtained by angle-resolved X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis of the naturally oxidized surface of the CoFeB single layer after annealing. The redox reaction is theoretically reasonable based on the Ellingham diagram.
Modeling of graphene Hall effect sensors for microbead detection
Authors: Manzin A. , Simonetto E. , Amato G. , Panchal V. , Kazakova O.
Published: April 2015

This paper deals with the modeling of sensitivity of epitaxial graphene Hall bars, from sub-micrometer to micrometer size, to the stray field generated by a magnetic microbead. To demonstrate experiment feasibility, the model is first validated by comparison to measurement results, considering an ac-dc detection scheme. Then, a comprehensive numerical analysis is performed to investigate signal detriment caused by sensor material heterogeneities, saturation of bead magnetization at high fields, increment of bead distance from sensor surface, and device width increase.
Systematic study of the spin stiffness dependence on phosphorus alloying in the ferromagnetic semiconductor (Ga,Mn)As
Authors: Shihab S. , Riahi H. , Thevenard L. , von Bardeleben H. J. , Lemaître A. , Gourdon C.
Published: April 2015

We study the dependence of the spin stiffness constant on the phosphorus concentration in the ferromagnetic semiconductor (Ga,Mn)(As,P) with the aim of determining whether alloying with phosphorus is detrimental, neutral, or advantageous to the spin stiffness. Time-resolved magneto-optical experiments are carried out in thin epilayers. Laser pulses excite two perpendicular standing spin wave modes, which are exchange related. We show that the first mode is spatially uniform across the layer corresponding to a k≈0 wavevector. From the two frequencies and k-vector spacings we obtain the spin stiffness constant for different phosphorus concentrations using weak surface pinning conditions. The mode assessment is checked by comparison to the spin stiffness obtained from domain pattern analysis for samples with out-of-plane magnetization. The spin stiffness is found to exhibit little variation with phosphorus concentration in contradiction with ab-initio predictions.
Temperature dependent exchange bias training effect in single-crystalline BiFeO3/Co bilayers
Authors: He M. C. , You B. , Tu H. Q. , Sheng Y. , Xu Q. Y. , Rui W. B. , Gao Y. , Zhang Y. Q. , Xu Y. B. , Du J.
Published: April 2015

Single-crystalline BiFeO3 (BFO)/Co bilayers were prepared by combined pulsed laser deposition and magnetron sputtering on (001) SrTiO3 substrates. Exchange bias (EB) and accompanying training effect have been studied as a function of temperature (T) between 5 K and 300 K. A non-monotonic exchange field variation with sharp increase below 100 K has been observed. In the meanwhile, strong training effect was recorded when T < 100 K and it weakens monotonically with increasing T up to 300 K. These temperature dependent EB and training effect may be caused by the uncompensated spins in both the interfacial spin-glass (SG) phase at low temperature and the antiferromagnetic BFO layer at higher temperature. The low temperature EB training results can be well fitted by a modified Binek's model considering asymmetric changes of the pinning SG spins at the descending and the ascending branches.
Ultrafast magneto-photocurrents in GaAs: Separation of surface and bulk contributions
Authors: Schmidt Christian B. , Priyadarshi Shekhar , Tarasenko Sergey A. , Bieler Mark
Published: April 2015

We induce ultrafast magneto-photocurrents in a GaAs crystal employing interband excitation with femtosecond laser pulses at room temperature and non-invasively separate surface and bulk contributions to the overall current response. The separation between the different symmetry contributions is achieved by measuring the simultaneously emitted terahertz radiation for different sample orientations. Excitation intensity and photon energy dependences of the magneto-photocurrents for linearly and circularly polarized excitations reveal an involvement of different microscopic origins, one of which is the inverse spin Hall effect. Our experiments are important for a better understanding of the complex momentum-space carrier dynamics in magnetic fields.
Channel length specific broadspectral photosensitivity of robust chemically grown CdS photodetector
Authors: Sharma Alka , Kaur Mandeep , Bhattacharyya Biplab , Karuppiah Stalin , Singh Surinder P. , Senguttuvan T. D. , Husale Sudhir
Published: April 2015

CdS grown by chemical bath deposition (CBD) technique is very simple, robust, economical method and has potential large scale applications in solar cells, photovoltaic, photodetectors, sensors and optoelectronic devices. Here we report channel lengths (CLs) specific broadspectral photoresponse properties of commonly grown robust CdS films by CBD. The broadspectral dependent current flow has been observed in all CLs and the rise and decay times have been measured in milliseconds for visible wavelengths (400-700nm). The rise time curves showed linear dependency when measured for CLs 300, 500 and 700nm and non-linearity was observed for CLs 7μm, 45μm and 350μm. We have noticed that decrease in channel lengths down to nanometers (300 nm) increases the response time. Three steps decay time has been noticed for all CLs. The shorter channels (nm) showed two trends in decay time, small increase for wavelengths <550nm and significant increase for wavelengths >550nm. Finally, CLs specific broadspectral photosensitivity has been investigated which indicates the device geometry and fabrication method play an important role for defining the CdS based photodetectors or simulating the characteristics of a photodetector.