bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Prevalence and predictors of self-medication drugs to prevent or treat COVID-19: experience from a Middle Eastern country
Authors: Elayeh Eman , Akour Amal , Haddadin Randa
Published: July 2021

Background Lack of definitive cure for COVID-19 and the late
introduction of a vaccine were responsible to push the general public to
look for a remedy to treat or prevent COVID-19. The objective of this
study was to evaluate patterns and factors that affect self-medication
practices in Jordan during the pandemic. Methods This was a
cross-sectional study using an online questionnaire that was developed,
piloted and distributed to the general public via various social media
platforms. The questionnaire assessed the type of drugs and treatments
used to self -medicate, the reasons behind their self- medication, and
the factors affecting their practices. Results A total of 1179
participants (females 46.4%) with a mean age of 32 (SD=12.5) completed
the questionnaire. The overall prevalence of the use of at least one
product to treat or prevent COVID-19 was 80.4 %. The most commonly used
products to self-medicate were vitamin C (57.6%), followed by
paracetamol (51.9%), zinc (44.8%) and vitamin D (32.5%). Female
gender (odds ratio [OR]) = 1.603, working in the medical field (OR
=1.697), and history of COVID-19 infection (OR =2.026) were variables
associated with self-medication. The most common sources of
participants’ information about drugs to prevent or treat COVID-19 were
newspapers (n=519, 44.0%), followed by pharmacists (43.4%), friends
(33.8%) and internet searching such as Google (30.7%). Conclusion This
study identified the main drugs and supplements used during COVID-19 and
the motives behind their use. It also identified the most influential
source of information on the public during the pandemic. Self-medication
can lead to worsening of the patient’s health and delay seeking medical
advice from healthcare professionals. Efforts should be done to help
mitigate risks of self-medications by active involvement of pharmacists
and other members of healthcare team to refute false claims about drug,
especially in the media.
Peptidylglycine α-amidating monooxygenase as a therapeutic target or biomarker
Authors: Merkler David , Hawley Aidan , Eipper Betty , Mains Richard
Published: July 2021

Peptides play a key role in controlling many physiological and
neurobiological pathways. Many bioactive peptides require a C-terminal
α-amide for full activity. The bifunctional enzyme catalyzing
α-amidation, peptidylglycine α-amidating monooxygenase (PAM), is the
sole enzyme responsible for amidated peptide biosynthesis, from
Chlamydomonas reinhardtii to Homo sapiens. Many neuronal and endocrine
functions are dependent upon amidated peptides; additional amidated
peptides are growth promoters in tumors. The amidation reaction occurs
in two steps, glycine α-hydroxylation followed by dealkylation to
generate the α-amide product. Currently, most potentially useful
inhibitors target the first reaction, which is rate-limiting. PAM is a
membrane-bound enzyme that visits the cell surface during peptide
secretion. PAM is then used again in the biosynthetic pathway, meaning
that cell-impermeable inhibitors or inactivators could have therapeutic
value for the treatment of cancer or psychiatric abnormalities. To date,
inhibitor design has not fully exploited the structures and mechanistic
details of PAM.
Aquifer-wide estimation of longitudinal dispersivity by the combination of empirical equations, inverse solution, and aquifer zoning methods
Authors: Ansarifar Mohammad Mahdi , Salarijazi Meysam , Ghorbani Khalil , Kaboli Abdol-Reza
Published: July 2021

Longitudinal dispersivity is a key parameter for numerical simulation of
groundwater quality and this parameter is highly variable in nature. The
use of empirical equations and the inverse solution are two main methods
of estimating longitudinal dispersivity. In this study, the estimation
of values and aquifer-wide spatial distribution of longitudinal
dispersivity parameter using a combined approach i.e. a combination of
empirical equation method (Pickens and Grisak, Arya, Neuman, and Xu &
Eckstein equations), the inverse solution method (using the MT3DMS model
with non-automatic calibration) and the aquifer zoning technique is
investigated. The combined approach applied to Bandar-e-Gaz aquifer in
northern Iran, and Willmott’s index of agreement was used to assess the
precision of simulation of total dissolved solids in this aquifer. The
values of this criterion were 0.9985 to 0.9999 and 0.9756 to 0.9992 in
calibration and validation periods that show the developed combined
approach resulted in obtaining high precision for both calibration and
validation periods and the simulation show remarkable consistency. Also,
the one-way sensitivity analysis indicates that the longitudinal
dispersivity is more sensitive than the effective porosity in this
simulation. The investigation of the spatial distribution of the
estimated longitudinal dispersivity by the combined approach indicates
that the value of the parameter has a decreasing trend from the south to
the north (50 to 8 m) in the aquifer environment which is consistent
with the changes in the characteristics of porous media in this study
area, and therefore it concludes that the combined approach provides a
reliable and appropriate estimation of the spatial distribution of
longitudinal dispersivity.
Pregnancy: a stepping-stone to sepsis
Authors: Sharma Simran , Rodrigues Patricia , Zaher Summia , Davies Luke , Ghazal Peter
Published: July 2021

The physiological shifts during pregnancy predispose women to a ten-fold
higher risk of developing sepsis, a life-threatening condition
characterised by a maladapted host-response to infection. We present a
comprehensive synthesis of maternal immunity during pregnancy,
addressing whether altered set-points in immune homeostasis lower the
tipping point for sepsis. This close interconnection between maternal
immunity and sepsis makes clinical diagnosis highly challenging and
translates to delayed antibiotics or overuse. We propose further
understanding of the maternal immune set-point changes are vital for
tailoring the right diagnostic tools for maternal sepsis and may unravel
pathophysiological pathways that predispose an individual to sepsis.
Análisis fisicoquímico del aceite crudo de palma proveniente del hibrido interespecífico fortuna en una plantación ubicada en Cabuyaro-Meta
Authors: Acuña Herrera Cristian Fabián , Quesada Ramírez Rafael Andrés , Lopez Muñoz Luis Gilberto
Published: July 2021

La agroindustria de la palma de aceite es de las más promisorias del país. Hoy en día para posicionar un código en el mercado de las semillas, es importante contar con la ficha técnica del producto a comercializar. Las investigaciones adelantadas por Hacienda La Cabaña dieron como resultado un nuevo hibrido denominado Fortuna, que presento mayor rendimiento en fruta fresca y mayor porcentaje de extracción de aceite. El objetivo de este trabajo, fue analizar fisicoquímicamente el aceite de palma crudo, del híbrido Interespecífico Elaeis oleifera Coari x Elaeis guineensis La Mé, denominado Fortuna, para poder comparar los resultados con los valores teóricos del aceite del híbrido Interespecífico Classic e identificar los parámetros de calidad del aceite crudo de palma de acuerdo a la NTC 431. Los resultados obtenidos con la palma tradicional y el híbrido Classic muestran que algunos componentes de ácidos grasos conservan sus valores relativos muy similares, sin embargo, el aceite del hibrido código Fortuna tiene más triglicéridos que contienen ácido oleico, y un menor contenido de ácido palmítico.
PROBLEMS OF BASIC HEALTH SERVICES IN THE BORDER AREAS OF INDONESIA’S NUSA TENGGARA TIMUR PROVINCE
Authors: Kennedy Posma Sariguna Johnson
Published: July 2021

This study aims to learn about the implementation of health policies dealing with malnutrition, as well as the factors that drive and hinder the application of these policies, in the Nusa Tenggara Timur (NTT) Province of Indonesia (East Nusa Tenggara, in English). The results show that the border regions, specifically the Kupang and Timor Tengah Utara (North Central Timor) Regencies, suffer the worst conditions and have the greatest need for priority attention. Areas with better conditions are the Alor and Malaka Regencies, which should be given second priority. The Belu Regency produces better results than the other regencies and should be given third priority. Some programs and health service improvements must be carried out, such as the development and empowerment of Human Resources in the health sector, and improvement of the facilities and infrastructure of Community Health Centers (Puskemas) with their networks.
Independent analysis of μδ data of ILS and INDLS catalogs to obtain the spin of the bright Gaia DR2 reference frame
Authors: Damljanovic G. , Stojanovic M. , Aleksic J.
Published: July 2021

The Gaia DR2 reference frame should be without relative rotation to the quasars (QSOs) and consistent with the International Celestial Reference System (ICRS). For the faint part of DR2 (stars with Gaia magnitude G ? 16) that task was done via Gaia's observations of QSOs (G ? 17 mag), but the bright DR2 (G ? 13 mag) is difficult to validate and it rotates relative to the faint DR2 at rate of the order of 0.1 mas/yr. Very bright DR2 stars (G ? 6 mag) mostly have inferior astrometry. Here, the aim is to determine two spin components (?X and ?Y ) of the bright DR2 using International Latitude Service (ILS, for 387 stars) and independent latitude stations (INDLS, for 682 stars) catalogs of proper motion in declination ??; both are referred to the Hipparcos reference frame and their stars are mostly from 4 to 8 mag in the V-band (critical part of DR2). Also, using the new Hipparcos (NHIP) values ?? for ILS and INDLS stars, we can see that the merit of the ILS and INDLS is the long time baseline (?t ? 90 years) important for ?? because the standard deviation of ?? is opposite to ?t. Applying the least squares method (LSM) to the differences of ?? between two catalogs (ILS-DR2, INDLS-DR2, etc.), our results support the mentioned spin. The 3? criterion and Tukey's fences method were used to reject some stars, the Abbe criterion to explain the variability in ILS-DR2 and other ?? differences, and the Shapiro-Wilk test to check the standard distribution of differences. The obtained ?? is significant at the 2? level, and the ILS and INDLS catalogs could be useful for validation of the bright reference frame of Gaia DR2.
Advances in Stem Cell Technologies for Disease Therapy: A Current Review
Authors: Patel Nadiya
Published: July 2021

Stem cells have the capability of differentiating into limitless cell types, alongside the function of exceptional proliferative capacity. There are three main types of stem cells: embryonic stem cells (ESCs), induced pluripotent stem cells (IPSCs) and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). ESCs are highly versatile and hold great therapeutic potential but have great ethical barriers and considerations that are yet to be overcome. IPSCs have become increasingly popular within research as they are not restrained by any ethical issues and do not require approval for their usage. The aim of this review was to expand on the background and therapeutic potential of ESCs and IPSCs whilst linking this to their use within disease therapy with a specific focus on ethics, tumorigenesis and survivability. The analysis found some conflicting results and a delay in the advance of overcoming the problems of tumorigenesis and survivability of stem cells. Both stem cells types have shown good efficacy but do also come with their disadvantages.
Cervical Lesion: Types and Etiology
Authors: Samuel Ayobami Fasogbon
Published: July 2021

A cervical lesion is an area of abnormal tissue found on the cervix, which is the lower end of a woman’s uterus. The type of the lesion can be atypical squamous cells, squamous intraepithelianeoplasia, and atypical glandular cells. The early stages of cervical cancer may be asymptomatic. In advanced disease, there may be metastases to the abdomen, lungs or any other organ. Infection with some types of human papilloma virus (HPV) is the highest risk factor for cervical cancer which can be transmitted due to multiple sex partners, followed by smoking. Other risk factors include human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), early age at first sexual intercourse, early age at first pregnancy, tobacco use, exposure to passive smoke and other related factors. It is therefore recommended that all the risk factors should be avoided to reduce cervical cancer in the society and women should go for regular cervical screening as early detection can easily be treated.
Planning Method for Safety Neurosurgical and Computed Tomography Contrast-Data Set Visualization
Authors: Ismail Saied Husham Farouk
Published: July 2021

Discussed the issues' associated with the development of a computed neurosurgery planning system. An important part is to determine the value of invasive surgical access. The study purpose is to design a methodology for finding the shortest distance between surgical target and peripheral point of the brain tissue with strict adherence considering the type of the brain anatomical structure existing in the path of surgical track (risk map), these two condition used in companion to determine the risk value of the surgical access. The study method consists of two algorithms for calculating the shortest surgical access to the target and assuring the safety by avoiding high-density tissues identification method “internal map” describing the anatomy of the brain such as bones. An algorithm for automatic identification of brain vascular system also was designed. The structural diagram of the contrast data visualization system, using computed tomography data, was thoroughly discussed. Also, trying to contribute in solving issues facing developers of modern medical imaging visualization systems to select the most appropriate method from the whole arsenal of algorithms and processing models concerning displaying brain surgical zone using image registration and optical tracking system. The visualization of the target zone is carried out according to an internal reference landmark points inside the center of the brain as well as an automatic algorithm for contour recognition was applied. Moreover, the optical tracking system was used to assess the navigation accuracy of determining the position of the surgical instrument outside the patient head. Algorithms necessary for operational planning also was included, and the proposed method was applied in a pilot study with simulation mode to human brain model, in order to target a specific surgical zone, and as a result, the system suggested (24) possible surgical track, among them, were selected the best and safest access. The total error of a surgical instrument targeting was less than 3 mm (in average 2.6 mm).
Dose-Dependent Effect of Short-Term Repeated Exposure to Amitraz on Some Reproductive Parameters in Male Albino Rats
Authors: Samuel Adinoyi Seriki
Published: July 2021

Amitraz is a pesticide used in agriculture and public health to control insects, weeds, animals, and vectors of disease. Although the use of pesticides is of benefit in general, abuse of the pesticides is harmful due to their potential toxicity to humans and animals. Present study examined the effect of the pesticide on the male reproductive parameters of the male albino rats. 20 rats were grouped into four. Group 1 was control, Group 2 was given low dose Amitraz, Group 3 was median dose, and Group 4 was high dose. The administration was for a period of 21 days. Results showed that Amitraz has dose dependent toxicity effect on the reproductive parameter of the rat. Amitraz is toxic to the reproductive parameters of the albino rat, and could lower sperm concentration, sperm motility, and sperm morphology. By implication, Amitraz is toxic to the reproductive system and could cause infertility in male.
Autophagy: Vanquisher of the "Unseen Dangers" in Neurodegenerative Diseases?
Authors: Chun Koon Alex
Published: July 2021

Aggregation of misfolded proteins is a hallmark of many neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and polyglutamine (polyQ) diseases. Clearance of misfolded proteins in the cell relies on the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) and the autophagy-lysosome system. Since their discoveries, the UPS and autophagy were once thought to be independent of each other in terms of components, mechanisms and substrate selectivity. The UPS was believed to be responsible for degrading soluble proteins, whereas autophagy for degrading insoluble protein aggregates. However, recent studies have demonstrated that the insoluble protein aggregates may not be cytotoxic. By contrast, after deaggregation, multimers and microaggregates may still be present in the cell causing cytotoxicity. The UPS is incapable of degrading these soluble and semi-soluble species, and the vital task of degradation these toxic species rests upon the autophagy-lysosome system. Therefore, apart from degrading the visible protein aggregates, autophagy is also responsible for eliminating these “invisible dangers” to protect the cell in neurodegenerative diseases.
Epilepsy: A Stigma More than Disease
Authors: Khalid Iqbal Rana
Published: July 2021

Epilepsy is a common neurological disorder that occurs from ancient times and accompanying with convulsions or seizures. Epilepsy has revealed a genetic basis. Epilepsy which is considered as a neurodevelopmental disorder has reduced the life expectancy and associated with various stigmatized attitudes or beliefs. Epilepsy and seizures can develop in any person both in male and female at any age. Head trauma and brain strokes are the major causes of epilepsy in adults. Epilepsy accompanied by changes in behavior, personality, and cognition. Several aspects of epilepsy can affect the brain and behavior. Stigma is a reality for a lot of people with a mental disorder. It is a mark of disgrace which sets a person apart from others. Negative attitudes and beliefs create prejudice which leads to negative actions and discrimination. Stigma and social exclusions are stereotyped characteristics of epilepsy. Someone with a mental illness known to be a dangerous and senseless rather than saying in poor health conditions. There are no effective cures for an epileptic people. Besides, many epileptic therapies or cures are still available for the diagnosis and prevention of people with epilepsy. Epilepsy treatment entails how epilepsy is treated and which techniques and antiepileptic drugs are used.
Delirium: An Acute Confusional State
Authors: Khalid Iqbal Rana
Published: July 2021

Delirium is a frequent ineffectiveness in brain functioning. It is a disturbance in attention and awareness that develops over a short period of time and it is a neurocognitive disorder. Delirium provides an idiosyncratic chance for a better understanding of the neurocognitive reserve. Acute illness considered as a basis of delirium and it is usually activated by head trauma and recent surgeries. Delirium like dementia is clearly remarkable by a general disability in which a condition of being unable to perform as a consequence of physical and mental unfitness. It has also been observed that delirium can increase the rate of development of dementia. Unfortunately, the development of delirium or acute brain dysfunction is considered a non-essential component of a critical or unfavorable disease. The agitation and inactivity that is occurred in a delirium can increase the risk or danger of complications. Delirium is a major cause and the problem of hospitalization and should be considered a medical crisis. For these reasons its identification, prescription, and effective treatment are essential. For delirium treatment, the most common antipsychotic drugs are used. Emerging pharmacological strategies which include various antipsychotics drugs for addressing delirium should be combined with non-pharmacological approaches which are designed as a first line interventions.
Traditional Chinese Medicine Herbs and Gut Microbiota
Authors: Yuan Su Zheng
Published: July 2021

The gut microbiota plays an important role in the human body, for example, they are responsible for the metabolism of some dietary factors. Many diseases are related to the imbalances in the gut microbiota. Accumulating evidence shows that traditional Chinese medicine herbs may prevent or treat some diseases through interacting with gut microbiota. Oral administration of Chinese herbs may change the composition of intestinal flora, and the ingredients in Chinese herbs can be catalyzed into bioactive metabolites by some intestinal microbes, resulting in their pharmacological effects. However, the interaction between Chinese herbs and gut microbiota remains unclear. One of the main challenges is the complexity and diversity of the components of Chinese herbs and intestinal flora. Recently, the correction among diseases, gut microbiota, and Chinese herbs through many methodologies are studied by using novel methods and techniques, such as high-throughput gene sequencing, real-time quantitative PCR, and metabolomics analysis as well as the multivariate data statistics. In the future, the clarified mechanism will open a new avenue for the prevention or treatment of diseases by taking Chinese herbs which regulate the composition of gut microbiota, which may achieve the goals of the personalized medicine.
Plant Noncoding RNAs Identification and Characterization - A Short Review
Authors: Paul Parameswari
Published: July 2021

Advances in sequencing technologies have facilitated multitudinal research analysis. Ample number of genes, transcriptional factors, gene families and genes associated to agronomical traits has been discovered. Similarly, several noncoding RNA (ncRNA) transcripts have also been identified which are researchers interest these days. RNA molecules that are not translated to a protein molecule are marked as ncRNA. They are categorized based on their size to small and long non-coding RNAs (lncRNA). Several ncRNAs have been identified in plants and animals, however many among them are yet to be characterized or proven with any biological roles. In this review we discuss the advancement of ncRNA research in plants and focus in their identification, types and characterization with the available resources.
What is Compared in a Clinical Trial?
Authors: Mehmet Yusuf Emin
Published: July 2021

In a randomized clinical trial (RCT), there are universally accepted rules of thumb for choice of alpha (α: 0.05) and power (1-β: 0.80). These choices require consideration and need to be anything but automatic. Next level of consideration should be given to what we actually chose to compare: the value / effect of the intervention per se or that of the intervention strategy. There is a subtle difference which hinges on which dataset we analyze. Possible data sets are intention to treat (ITT), per protocol or on treatment (PP), as treated (AT). And on the highest level, are we interested in how likely we are to observe the data (that suggests the intervention has some effect) in the event that the null hypothesis (that our intervention has no effect) is, in fact, true or as an entirely different construct, how likely is it that the intervention has some effect given our observed data? These are fundamental questions that we appear to decide on, when we chose alpha (α: 0.05) and power (1-β: 0.80) automatically, without giving them the thought process they deserve.
Rapid, Automated Tissue Processing Techniques for Small Biopsies Can be used to Produce Quality Sections for Diagnostic Reporting in Histopathology
Authors: Finall Alison
Published: July 2021

Surgical histopathologists are currently working in a context of high demand and requirement for fast turnaround times to report small diagnostic biopsies. Use of automated rapid cycle processing could improve turnaround times for reporting small biopsies. There are few papers in the medical literature describing detailed assessment of staining quality in verification of automated rapid cycle processing methods. This study assessed quality of immunohistochemical and haematoxylin and eosin staining of 62 paired endometrial biopsy samples processed using standard overnight cycles compared with rapid cycles of either 2, 3 or 4 hours duration. We found that small biopsies adequately fixed in 10% neutral buffered formalin were of sufficient staining quality for use in diagnostic reporting if they were processed for 3 or 4 hours. Five samples in our 2-hour group were of insufficient staining quality for full microscopic evaluation and histopathological diagnosis. As such, the 2-hour method was rejected. Rapid cycles of three hours duration will be adopted in our laboratory for processing small samples. Prospective monitoring of report turnaround times will be needed to assess impact on future outcomes for patients.
Field Performance of BAU-Biofungicaide for Management of Narrow Brown Leaf Spot and Bacterial Leaf Blight Disease of Rice CV. BRRI Dhan29
Authors: Mahmud Hyat
Published: July 2021

Potent (0.1%) and BAU-Biofungicide (2%) revealed the significant reduction both in disease severity and incidence of narrow brown leaf spot disease, and the lowest disease severity and incidence of bacterial leaf blight disease were 3.00% and 5.83%, respectively in BRRI dhan29 in 2012 year. BAU-Biofungicide (Trichoderma based preparation), extract of garlic (Allium sativum) and neem (Azadirachta indica), Bavistin DF (Carbandazim) and Potent 250 EC (Propiconazole) were evaluated in controlling narrow brown leaf spot and bacterial leaf blight disease (Xanthomonas oryzae pv. Oryzae) under field condition for producing seed quality and controlling seed borne pathogen of rice cv BRRI dhan29 during 2012 and 2013 years. Maximum normal seedling (87.67%) and 37.49% higher increase in vigour index on seed quality test of harvested seeds were observed with BAU-Biofungicide (3%) over control. BAU-Biofungicide (2 and 3%) and Potent 250 EC (0.1%) were found to be effective in controlling seed borne pathogens. BAU-Biofungicide has also been attributed as profound contribution on quality seed production of harvested seed of BAU-Biofungicide sprayed plot.
Establishment of BM-TRIZ Biomedical Inventive Principles and Design-thinking Methods for Innovative Design of Medical Devices Based on A New Polymeric Biomaterial Containing Polyvinyl Alcohol Foam via an Air-foaming Procedure
Authors: Cheng Huang Ching
Published: July 2021

A new biomaterial containing polyvinyl alcohol foam with a fully open-cell microstructure would be designed and prepared via air-foaming procedure in this study. The resulting biomaterials might provide several functional properties for various clinic potential applications. Also, the resulting biomaterial containing polyvinyl alcohol foam could be employed to prepare a series of new medical device for the clinic potential applications. Further, a systematic design-thinking method for innovative design of medical device would be built up and provided. A series of new medical devices would be designed and obtained.
Use of problem-based learning technology in institutions of higher education
Authors: Berezovska Liudmyla , Pyatnitska-Pozdnyakova Iryna , Tyurina Valentyna , Mordovtseva Nataliia , Pylaieva Tetiana , Karakoz Olena
Published: July 2021

The aim of the article is to establish the basic elements of the use of problem-based learning in HEIs. The three-phase process of implementing the technology of problem-based learning is presented. The results of the implementation of problem-based learning aimed at the development of pre-professional competencies, knowledge transfer, satisfaction and achievement, adequacy of time and effort are presented. The positive role of problem-based learning through understanding the meaning of the course; ability to self-study; ability to learn together; interest in science; ability to solve scientific problems in everyday life. The best models of problem-based learning (Flipped learning-PBL, TBL, CPS, AL-models) are identified. Were noted strategies of activation, which were used in the system PBL (a clear presentation of the focus; confidence in the student potential; stimulation of desire to solve difficult problems; planning for participation; presentation and enticement of unique point of view of the student; the possibility of presentation; gaining competence). The practical value of the study was to present the links of the elements of problem-based learning aimed at its successful implementation in HEIs.
Development of readiness of future preschool teachers to innovative activity
Authors: Taytelieva Laura , Iskakova Aigul , Zhienbaeva Saira , Nabuova Rosa , Balabaeva Aiymkul
Published: July 2021

One of the important components of professional competence of teachers today is their involvement in innovation. In pedagogical science innovative activity is defined as purposeful pedagogical activity based on understanding of own pedagogical experience by means of comparison and studying, change and development of educational process for the purpose of achievement of higher results, receiving new knowledge, introduction of qualitatively other pedagogical practice. The relevance of our article is determined by the society's order for a creative teacher with a high level of readiness for innovative pedagogical activity, the need to develop a holistic system of improving readiness for innovative activity. The system-forming factor of readiness of the teacher for innovative activity is the need for transformation, improvement of pedagogical activity through innovative technologies of education.
Criminal-legal counteraction to illegal trafficking of narcotic and psychotropic substances in the Russian Federation
Authors: Alontseva Dina , Lavrishcheva Olga
Published: July 2021

The article substantiates that the existing nationwide system of countering illegal drug trafficking (including psychotropic substances) in Russia needs to be re-evaluated and improved considering the changing situation. The methodological basis of the research was made up of general scientific, private and special methods of cognition. The general scientific dialectical method allowed us to consider the problem of legal relations arising in the field of legal regulation of countering crimes in the field of illicit trafficking in narcotic and psychotropic substances. On the basis of the conducted research, modern general social, individual and special criminological measures were developed to prevent crimes related to illegal (illegal) drug trafficking (including psychotropic substances), the use of which together will lay the foundation for the harmonization of existing domestic legislative acts in order to increase the level of coherence in the actions of state authorities in this area.
SOSIALISASI PENGIMPLEMENTASIAN PEDOMAN AKUNTANSI PESANTREN BERBASIS DIGITAL PADA PESANTREN DI INDONESIA
Authors: Sukmadilaga Citra
Published: July 2021

Tujuan dilakukannya pelatihan akuntansi Pesantren membantu mewujudkan pesantren yang transparan, akuntabel, partisipatif, tertib dan disiplin keuangan serta menambah pengetahuan pengelola pesantren betapa pentingnya peranan akuntansi pesantren dalam rangka akuntabilitas public. Metode penelitian ini dilakukan dengan Focus Group Discussion yang dihadiri oleh 38 orang pengelola keuangan pesantren yang tersebar di wilayah Kalimantan, Jawa Barat, Jawa Tengah. Hasil yang diperoleh adalah akuntansi pesantren masih sangat sulit untuk diimplementasikan karena pesantren pada umumnya bersifat tertutup, terpusat dan kekeluargaan. Lebih-lebih jika menyangkut persoalan keuangan, hanya kiyai dan keluarganyalah yang boleh mengetahuinya. Selain itu, banyak pesantren yang tidak memisahkan antara harta kekayaan pesantren dengan individu, walaupun disadari bahwa pembiayaan pesantren justru lebih banyak bersumber dari kekayaan individu sebab sumber-sumberlain penopang pesantren kurang memadai. Terdapat beberapa faktor yang berperan dalam kesuksesan implementasi akuntansi pesantren yaitu manajemen sebagai faktor Upaya, organisasi sebagai faktor Sarana, dan administrasi sebagai faktor Karsa. Ketiga faktor ini memberi arah dan perpaduan dalam merumuskan, mengendalikan penyelenggaraan, mengawasi serta menilai pelaksanaan kebijakan-kebijakan dalam usaha menyelenggarakan akuntansi yang sesuai dengan tujuan Pondok Pesantren masing-masing.
PENERAPAN TEKNOLOGI KULTUR STARTER DAN GRAINS KEFIR UNTUK MENGHASILKAN MINUMAN SEHAT PADA KELOMPOK TANI TERNAK (KTT) MARGO MULYO BATURADEN
Authors: Setyawardani Triana
Published: July 2021

Program Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat dengan judul Penerapan Teknologi Kultur Starter Dan Kefir Grains Untuk Menghasilkan Minuman Sehat di KTT Margo Mulyo Baturaden.,dilaksanakan pada bulan Maret-Mei 2018, bertempat di desa Kemutug Lor, Kecamatan Baturaden, Jawa Tengah.Tujuan kegiatan adalah: (1) menghasilkan kefir sebagai minuman sehat, (2) menghasilkan es krim berbahan dasar susu kefir (3) untuk meningkatkan ketrampilan tentang cara mengolah susu menjadi produk kefir dan es krim kefir. Kegiatan diikuti oleh 15 peserta yang merupakan anggota kelompok KTT Margo Mulyo. Metode pengabdian dan tahapan yang dilakukan adalah ceramah, diskusi dan partisipasif (praktek pembuatan olahan). Hasil pengabdian yang dilakukan menunjukkan bahwa (1) peningkatan partisipasi pengetahuan sebesar 46,154%, (2) peningkatan ketrampilan pembuatan es krim peserta sebesar 50.667%, (3) dan peningkatan untuk mengolah minuman kefir sebesar 61,33%. Kesimpulan dari kegiatan ini adalah kelompok KTT Margo Mulyo sudah melakukan pengolahan susu menjadi minuman kefir dan es krim berbahan dasar kefir.
UPAYA PENINGKATAN PEMAHAMAN GURU BAHASA INGGRIS SMA MENGENAI MODEL PEMBELAJARAN SASTRA BERBAHASA INGGRIS
Authors: Delvi Wahyuni Delvi Wahyuni , Witri Oktavia Witri Oktavia , Halma Zakiyah Halma Zakiyah , Silva Afdian Silva Afdian
Published: July 2021

Tujuan dari kegiatan ini adalah menyelesaikan permasalahan yang dihadapi oleh guru bahasa Inggris SMA dalam mengajarkan teks sastra berbahasa Inggris. Solusi yang ditawarkan oleh Tim Pelaksana adalah pelatihan mengenai model pembelajaran sastra terintegrasi (Integrated Approaches to Teaching Literature). Metode yang digunakan adalah metode workshop yang berlangsung selama kurun waktu empat bulan (Agustus-November, 2019) di SMAN 1 IV Angkek. Peserta dari kegiatan ini adalah empat orang guru bahasa Inggris yang mengajar di SMAN 1 IV Angkek dan SMAN 1 Canduang, Kabupaten Agam, Sumatera Barat. Selain itu terdapat sepuluh orang siswa yang dilibatkan dalam kegiatan ini untuk keperluan demonstrasi materi yang diberikan dalam pelatihan ini. Berdasarkan hasil evaluasi, kegiatan ini terlaksana dengan baik. Kemudian, peserta juga memetik manfaat dari kegiatan ini dalam hal membantu mereka memahami materi sastra berbahasa Inggris serta pembelajarannya. Peserta juga menyukai materi yang diberikan. Dalam hal ini, peserta guru paling menyukai materi tentang puisi berbahasa Inggris. Sementara itu, peserta siswa paling menyukai materi lagu berbahasa Inggris. Kemudian, capaian yang dapat dilaporkan adalah peserta sudah memiliki pemahaman yang baik mengenai sastra berbahasa Inggris dan pembelajarannya.
EKSPLORASI POTENSI DESA SUKAMENAK UNTUK KETAHANAN PANGAN KELUARGA DI MASA PANDEMIK COVID-19
Authors: Rohmatullayaly Eneng Nunuz , Irawan Budi , Iskandar Johan
Published: July 2021

Ketahanan pangan merujuk pada keadaan dimana semua orang memiliki akses secara fisik, sosial, dan ekonomi terhadap makanan yang meliputi aspek ketersediaan, aksesibilitas, pemanfaatan, dan stabilitas. Saat ini, pandemi Covid-19 menjadi ancaman serius bagi ketahanan pangan dan telah menambah angka kekurangan gizi penduduk. Tanpa pengetahuan yang cukup, masyarakat akan kesulitan memenuhi kebutuhan pangan keluarga. Oleh karena itu, kegiatan penelitian dan pengabdian pada masyarakat (PPM) ini dilakukan dengan metode kualitatif (wawancara dan observasi) guna mengekplorasi potensi desa termasuk sumber daya alamnya, serta sosialisasi untuk penyadartahuan dan pemberdayaan masyarakat baik petani berskala kecil maupun ibu rumah tangga. Masyarakat Desa Sukamenak dahulunya bermata pencaharian sebagai petani, becocok tanaman padi (Oryza sativa) dan tembakau (Nicotiana tabacum). Namun saat ini, masyarakat lebih banyak bekerja sebagai buruh tani di luar desa seiring keterbatasan lahan yang mereka miliki, dikarenakan adanya alih fungsi lahan menjadi Waduk Jatigede. Masyarakat juga mulai beralih ke sektor pariwisata dengan menyediakan jasa sewa perahu rakit untuk memancing ikan di Waduk Jatigede. Ada lima sektor teridentifikasi baik kondisi dan potensinya, yaitu pertanian, peternakan, perikanan, pariwisata, serta perdagangan dan lainnya yang dapat dikembangkan dalam skala rumah tangga. Kelima potensi ini disosialisasikan kepada pemerintah desa dan masyarakat dalam bentuk artikel popular dan infografis mengingat adanya aturan physical/social distancing selama pandemi.
Peel Off Gel Mask containing Green Tea Leaf Extract (Camellia sinesis L) with Antioxidant Activity
Authors: Chaerunisaa Anis Yohana , Surachman Emma , Khuzaimah Zila
Published: July 2021

Peel off mask has been very popular and preferred due to its ease in application. Gel base has been preferred for its cold and moist sensation during application. When herbal ingredients such as extract is  introduced into gel formulation, the stability then will become an issue. The aim of the study was to formulate the peel-off mask gels containing green tea leaves extract (Camellia sinensis L.) which effective, stable, and safe to be used. The antioxidant study was conducted by using  Diphenylhydrazylpicryl (DPPH) method. The peel-off mask gel formula were Hidroxypropyl Methylcelulosa (HPMC) as gel base at 0.5% concentration and plasticizer Polyvinyl Alcohol (PVA) at concentration of 12%. Evaluation of peel-off mask gel included observation on pH, viscosity, dispersing power, and drying time during the 90 days of storage at room temperature. The IC50 values of the green tea (Camellia sinensis L.) extract was 5.511 ppm. The concentration of green tea leaves extract in the preparation were 1x IC50 (F1); 2x IC50 (F2)  and 3x IC50 (F3). The result showed that all preparations were stable in the aspect of consistency, color, and odor. Viscosity, drying time and dispersing power remained unchanged after 90 days of storage. The pH value changed, but still in the range of acceptable pH of topical preparations. The results of antioxidant activity study showed that formula F3 (peel-off mask gels with 3 x IC50 of green tea extracts) had the highest antioxidant activity.Keywords: antioxidant, Camellia sinensis L., peel off gel masks, green tea
Pharmaceutical Industrial Waste Regulation in Five Countries in Asia
Authors: Azzahra Luthfia , Saptarini Nyi Mekar
Published: July 2021

The pharmaceutical industry produces a various toxic wastes. Generated waste increases the risk of environmental and ecosystem pollution. It is necessary to have proper waste management to prevent waste pollution to the environment. In 1999, WHO published “Guidelines for the Safe Disposal of Unwanted Pharmaceuticals in and after Emergencies”, that contain treatments and safe disposal method, which is appropriate for any country. Many countries had developed and published regulations and guidelines on waste management. This article aimed to review the handling of pharmaceutical industrial waste in five countries in Asia. This review included studies from ProQuest, Crossref, and Google Scholar.  The pharmaceutical industries in Indonesia, India, Japan, Thailand, and China has their own state regulations in order to protect the environment. They also had implemented pharmaceutical industrial waste management following their regulation and guidelines. The method used to treat the waste is similar with WHO guideline. Some factors affecting the country regulations are the insufficient of land and waste management facilities, lack of awareness, low penalties, limited infrastructures, lack of waste testing facilities. The challenge in the future to handle pharmaceutical waste are increasing waste volume, decreasing land for waste management, sewer methods may contaminate water, possible air pollution due to incineration, so it is necessary to have more advanced methods in waste management that are safe for the environment and humans.Keywordz: Industry, Pharmaceutical, Waste Regulation, Asia
Veterinary Drug Development from Indonesian Herbal Origin: Challenges and Opportunities
Authors: Herdiana Yedi , Wathoni Nasrul , Sriwidodo Sriwidodo , Adnyane I Ketut Madite
Published: July 2021

Herbal medicine is increasingly being used in human and veterinary medicine to reduce and prevent minor ailments and support conventional treatment using allopathic medicine. The medicinal properties of the plants used in phytotherapy are due to the large number of active compounds found in the plant kingdom. The active compounds extracted from the plant is often equivalent to a synthetic drug according to its therapeutic efficacy; thus, they are used in veterinary medicine, primarily as antibacterial, antimycotic, antiparasitic, disinfect, and immunostimulant.pharmaceutical quality, ensuring safety, specific standards of purity, and consistency. These standards apply throughout the production and formulation process. This review describes the development of herbs that can be used as veterinary drugs with the possibility of dosage form technology. Veterinary dosage forms show great promise for the future of the herbal veterinary delivery system.Keywords: Veterinary drug, herbal medicine, dosage form, drug delivery.
PENGARUH LIKUIDITAS (QUICK RATIO) DAN PERPUTARAN MODAL KERJA TERHADAP RETURN ON ASSET (Studi Kasus pada Perusahaan Sub Sektor Logam yang Terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia Periode 2011-2015)
Authors: Ning Tias Utami Prihati , Purwanti Arni , Surtikanti Surtikanti
Published: July 2021

Perolehan keuntungan maksimal atau laba yang sebesar-besarnya adalah salah satu tujuan didirikannya suatu perusahaan. Pada setiap kegiatan perusahaan ada unsur-unsur yang menimbulkan sebab akibat naik atau turunnya kemampuan perusahaan dalam menghasilkan laba, dan hal tersebut dapat dilihat dari beberapa faktor yang diindikasikan berpengaruh dalam naik atau turunnya kemampuan perusahaan dalam menghasilkan laba seperti, Likuiditas (Quick Ratio) dan Perputaran Modal Kerja. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan tujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh Likuiditas (Quick Ratio) dan Perputaran Modal Kerja terhadap Return on Asset pada Perusahaan Sub Sektor Logam Yang Terdaftar Di Bursa Efek Indonesia. Pengujian pada penelitian ini dilakukan dengan menggunakan bantuan software SPSS Versi 16.0. Metode analisis yang digunakan adalah analisis deskriptif dan verifikatif dengan pendekatan kuantitatif. Populasi dalam penelitian ini sebanyak 7 perusahaan Sub Sektor Logam yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia periode penelitian 2011-2015. Sampel menggunakan metode purposive sampling dengan kriteria-kriteria tertentu. Metode analisis yang digunakan adalah analisis regresi linier berganda. Hasil pengujian hipotesis dalam penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa (1) Likuiditas (Quick Ratio) memiliki pengaruh negatif dan signifikan pada Return on Asset (2) Perputaran Modal Kerja memiliki pengaruh positif dan signifikan pada Return on Asset di perusahaan manufaktur sub sektor makanan dan minuman yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia periode penelitian 2011-2015.  Obtaining maximum profit is one of the purposes of the establishment of a company. In every company actions or activities there are elements which give the cause and effect of the company in generating profits, and this can be seen from some of the factors indicated in rise or decline in the company's ability in producing such profits, liquidity (Quick Ratio) and Working Capital Turnover. The purpose of this research is to acknowledge the influence of liquidity (Quick Ratio) and Working Capital Turnover against Return on Asset on metal sub sector companies enlisted in Indonesia Stock Exchange. In this study, the test of mediation variables is also done by using SPSS v. 16.0. The methods used were descriptive and verificative analysis. The population in this research are 7 metal sub sectors companies enlisted in Indonesia stock exchange period 2011-2015. Sampling method was using purposive sampling with specific criteria. Analysis method was using multi-linear regression analysis. The results of hypothesis testing in this study suggest that (1) Liquidity (Quick Ratio) has negative and significant influence on Return on Asset (2) Turnover of working capital has positive and significant effect on Return on Asset in the metal manufacturing sub sector company enlisted on the Indonesia Stock Exchange period 2011-2015.
DETERMINASI PERPUTARAN MODAL KERJA TERHADAP PROFITABILITAS
Authors: Anggadini Sri Dewi , Herdiani Rini
Published: July 2021

This research was conducted at various industry companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange 2014-2018. The phenomenon that occurs is an increase in company working capital turnover, but the company's profitability decreases. The purpose of this study is to learn more about working capital turnover towards profitability in various industry companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange 2014-2018. This research uses descriptive analysis method and verification method using quantitative analysis. The population used in this study is the financial position financial statements and earnings reports of various industrial companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange 2014-2018. Sampling with purposive sampling technique with data of 5 years. The statistical method used is multiple linear regression analysis using the SPSS 21.0 application assistance program. The results of the study showed that the working capital turnover had a significant effect on profitability in various industry companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange 2014-2018.
ANALISIS PENGARUH GAYA KEPEMIMPINAN TRANSFORMASIONAL, POLA KOMUNIKASI DAN MANAJEMEN KONFLIK TERHADAP KEPUASAN KERJA KARYAWAN
Authors: Pragiwani Meita , Lesmana Aditya Surya , Alexandri Moch. Benny
Published: July 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui seberapa besar pengaruh gaya keemimpinan ransformasional, pola komunikasi, dan manajemen konflik terhadap kepuasan kerja karyawan. Strategi penelitian ini adalah strategi asosiatif.Metode pengumpulan data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah survei sampel, dimana peneliti membagikan kuesioner untuk mengumpulkan data. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah karyawan PT Bank Maybank Indonesia Tbk Cabang Area Juanda Jakarta berjumlah 60. Sampel dalam penelitian ini diambil dengan menggunakan rumus slovin dengan tingkat eror (e) = 5%, Dengan demikian jumlah sampel yang digunakan untuk penelitian ini berjumlah 52 karyawan.Hasil penelitian menunjukan, pengaruh positif gaya kepemimpinan transformasional terhadap kepuasan kerja karyawan sebesar 0,294 atau 29,4% dan signifikan, pengaruh positif pola komunikasi terhadap kepuasan kerja karyawan sebesar 0,343 atau 34,3% dan signifikan, pengaruh positif manajemen konflik terhadap kepuasan kerja karyawan sebesar 0,334 atau 33,4 % dan signifikan. This study aims to determine how much influence the informational leadership style, communication patterns, and conflict management on employee job satisfaction. This research strategy is an associative strategy. The data collection method used in this study is a sample survey, where researchers distribute questionnaires to collect data. The population in this study were employees of PT Bank Maybank Indonesia Tbk Juanda Area Jakarta Branch totaling 60. The sample in this study was taken using the Slovin formula with an error rate (e) = 5%, Thus the number of samples used for this study amounted to 52 employees. The results showed, the positive influence of transformational leadership style on employee job satisfaction of 0.294 or 29.4% and significant, positive influence of communication patterns on employee job satisfaction of 0.343 or 34.3% and significant, positive effect of conflict management on employee job satisfaction of 0.334 or 33.4% and significant.