bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Upper Paleolithic in the Bistrița Valley (Northeastern Romania): a preliminary review
Authors: Cârciumaru Marin , Anghelinu Mircea , Niţă Loredana
Published: March 2022

The paper deals with the Upper Palaeolithic in the Bistrita Valley (northeastern Romania). In spite of the richness of the Palaeolithic sites from this Carpathian area, the Palaeolithic record has remained largely ignored by Western studies. Apart from the most obvious reason, the language barrier, another particularly important motive for this cautious attitude seems to have been the chrono-cultural framework proposed by Romanian archaeologists, which hardly fitted the accepted European evolutionary model for the Aurignacian and Gravettian technocomplexes. According to the first excavators, the Upper Palaeolithic industries in the Bistrita Valley display some original features, such as atypical techno-typological structure and the late chronology for the so-called Aurignacian assemblages, and the apparent geological contemporaneity between the two technocomplexes. However, a closer and critical look at the most important feature of the Upper Palaeolithic from this Carpathian area reveals quite a different picture. The Gravettian layers always overly the so-called Aurignacian industries and therefore there are no in situ stratigraphic grounds to sustain an argument of contemporaneity between the two technocomplexes, despite similar radiocarbon chronology between sites. On the other hand, the description and the published references of the Aurignacian assemblages strongly suggest that the original attribution was wrong. Most if not all of these industries belong rather to the Gravettian, which may also explain their late radiocarbon chronology (25,000-21,000 uncal. BP). The authors stress the need for a systematic reevaluation of all the old collections, even more imperative given the recent results from Mitoc-Malul Galben and Poiana Cire ului, which challenge once again the acknowledged cultural framework for the Upper Palaeolithic in the Bistrita Valley.
Le matériel lithique taillé de l’établissement énéolithique de Mălăieştii de Jos, département de Prahova. Quelques données préliminaires sur les découvertes des campagnes 2002-2005
Authors: Frînculeasa Alin , Niţă Loredana
Published: March 2022

L’établissement énéolithique de Malaiestii de Jos se trouve dans la région des collines sous carpatiques, ou les recherches concernant l’époque énéolithique se sont déroulées seulement d’une manière sporadique. Les résultats des fouilles entreprises de 2002 à 2005 comprennent vases et fragments céramiques typiques pour la culture Gumelni ! a et pour la variante régionale Stoicani-Aldeni, mais aussi de statuettes anthropomorphes et de la céramique du type Precucuteni.
Considérations générales concernant la technique Levallois et ses produits. Principes généraux de réalisation et representations dans le Paléolithique moyen de la Roumanie
Authors: Niţu Elena-Cristina
Published: March 2022

The Levallois technique characterizes particularly the Middle Paleolithic and essentially consists in the minute preparation of the core, so that the products achieved by this kind of debitage have a predetermined form. The Levallois debitage was defined in 1961 by F. Bordes, and since then numerous studies have been achieved concerning this kind of debitage. The analysis of the Levallois technique in time has proved its complexity, as well as the difficulty of interpreting the lithic clusters achieved by means of a Levallois debitage. In Romania the existence of this type of debitage has been identified, though no complex studies concerning the Levallois have been undertaken so far. The presence of the Levallois debitage in Romania is more significant in the open air settlements of the Middle Paleolithic and less obvious in the Carpathian Musterian.
Aspetti inediti dell’arte paleolitica italiana
Authors: Vintilă Monica
Published: March 2022

The Italian paleolithic art is known and evident through its mediteranean specific component and through the franco-cantabric, naturalistic one. The better known and in the same time unique mobiliar art discoveries have been revealed in sites like : Vado all’Arancio – the bearbed man with toque, Polesini Cave – the hunted wolf, Paglicci Cave – the hourse shot with arrows. Altrough less than in the franco-cantabric area, in Italy you can find sites with wall art that are worth mentioning. The most important representation is that of the horses on the walls of Paglicci Cave and the carved scene found in Addaura Cave.
The conservation and restoration of organic material (bone, antler, and teeth) discovered in the 2006 campaign at Piatra Neamț - Poiana Cireșului
Authors: Iamandi Daniela
Published: March 2022

The faunal remains, weather they are bones, ivory, antler, teeth or shells, require special treatment, depending on their conservation state at the time of their recovery. This paper aims at presenting some of the most suitable methods of restoration and conservation treatment, starting from the very moment of the revealing of such items.
The abrupt end of a promising start: the Romanian – Finnish diplomatic relations a the beginning of the 1920’s
Authors: Miloiu Silviu
Published: March 2022

This article approaches on the basis of fresh archival research some of the key reasons which led to the failure of the region-building process at the western periphery of Soviet Russia (Union). This research of the relations between Romania and Finland, two distant nations located at the two extremities of Soviet western border, points out to the role played by domestic agendas, cultural and political identities, lack of knowledge of each other, regional skirmishes, and outside powers intrusions as viable explanations for the fact that the cooperation between Border States remained to some extent restricted to diplomatic and intelligence sharing cooperation. It is a paradox that although the importance of the cooperation between Border States was rapidly acknowledged by policy-makers and public opinion the achievements remained well behind the projects, ambitions and interests.
Détente and the events from Czechoslovakia, 1968
Authors: Dragomir Elena
Published: March 2022

One of the most important characteristics of the international system during the Cold War is that the world was bipolar and the international politics was almost entirely monopolized by the 2 great polls of power, the Soviet Union and the United States. The international politics, even within the subsystems level, was controlled by these 2 superpowers (Andrei Miroiu, Radu Sebastian Ungureanu, Polirom, 2005, p. 33-37). At the beginning of the 1960s, the world entered on the road of a new relaxation. The relaxation appeared between the 2 great powers of that time, the Soviet Union and the United States and it had also a very important influence over the relations between some socialist countries and the “ big brother” or between the East and West in general. Although the signs of détente were visible from the beginning of the 1960s, détente’s beginning is chronologically and approximately set in 1968. This could be seen as a paradox, considering the events from Czechoslovakia that could have affected the East-West relations. This article will try to show through the light of some archive documents how the 1968 Czech events influenced or not the détente phenomenon at the end of the ‘60.
The cultural agreement of March 1942 as a key factor in the development of the Spanish-Romanian relations
Authors: Dumitrescu Mihai Bogdan
Published: March 2022

Resumen : Firmado en el 5 de Marzo 1942 el convenio cultural ha representado un capítulo esencial en la evolucion de las relaciones dentre los dos estados. Situada en la periferia de los intereses economicos rumanos, España ha representado, más bien, un horisonte de la colaboracion cultural, más que, un partenerio economico viable. La experiencia de la medio de siglo de relaciones diplomaticas rumanos-españoles, ha determinado en el contexto del Segundo Guerra Mundial para cooperar en unos zonas mas poco valorificados en el pasado. Contra el fondo común de origen latino, ambos países se han encontrado en la escena política internacional.
Aspects regarding English-Romanian military relations on the verge of the Second World War
Authors: Cîrstea Marusia
Published: March 2022

Abstract : On the verge of the Second World War Great Britain was interested in attracting countries from Eastern Europe and reaching both economical and military cooperation agreements. Under these circumstances the British Ministry R. Hoare considered that “ an agreement with Romania is important from a military point of view if we could ever effectively act in the Balcans”. This is why the English Romanian military cooperation in 1939 – as one can see from the published documents – was relatively close between the two countries.
The Truman Doctrine (1947): official and unofficial reactions
Authors: Plopeanu Emanuel
Published: March 2022

Abrégé : L’adresse présidentielle à partir du 12 mars 1947, également connu comme doctrine de Truman, est venue dans un moment où le concept de Roosevelt de la collaboration d’après-guerre est devenu seulement une illusion. Beaucoup de problèmes opposés à une telle possibilité et, entre eux, les crises grecques et turques tiennent des positions importantes. Notre papier est concentré sur l’impact mentionné ci-dessus d’initiative dans davantage ou moins de cercles de fonctionnaire, d’Américain, de Soviétique et de Turc. Tels analysent sont basés sur les documents édités, articles de journal, mémoires et se rappellent des participants ou des spectateurs au processus de élaboration de doctrine de Truman. Nous pourrions remarquer que le nouvel U. S. l’initiative a été intensément discutée, en cercles officiels et cercles d’opinion publique. Le programme de secours lancé par le Président Truman ne rassemble pas, sans quelques critiques, toutes structures de directeur et la pression. Quelques voix pourraient être entendues, avertissant que la nouvelle initiative est plus qu’une aide étrangère et pourraient des dommages sérieux facilement produits dans le nouveau contexte géopolitique. Dans le même temps, la pression américaine a soulevé quelques questions au sujet de doctrine de Truman mais, d’une manière générale, les commentaires étaient favorables. Évident, ce n’était le cas pour la «pression » soviétique qui, après des ordres de gouvernement, a condamné la doctrine de Truman comme geste hégémonique mais, à la fin, ni les critiques internes des Etats-Unis ni les réactions d’Union Soviétique ne change pas le nouveau programme.
Deux nouveaux habitats sur la carte du Paléolithique de Roumanie, découverts en 2008 à Şinca Nouă (département de Brașov)
Authors: Cârciumaru Marin , Niţu Elena-Cristina , Murătoreanu George , Ştefănescu Radu
Published: March 2022

Abstract : The recent field research we carried out in order to identify raw lithic matter used by man during the Paleolithic gave us a special surprise by the discovery at inca Nou of the first Paleolithic tools. The items discovered are located mostly in two areas of the commune and belong, from a techno-typological viewpoint, to the Middle and Upper Paleolithic, though we are not able, in our present state of the research, to make more accurate chrono-cultural evaluations. We hope that our future diggings may bring further clarifications.
Outillages lithiques préhistoriques découvertes pendent les recherches en surface de l’année 2008 de Fundăţica, commune de Fundata, département Braşov
Authors: Niţu Elena-Cristina , Cârciumaru Marin , Sora Viorel-Aurelian
Published: March 2022

Abstract : The recent field research carried out in order to identify the sources of raw lithic matter used by man during the Paleolithic helped us discover a few Paleolithic items in the village of Fund ica, the commune Fundata, Bra ov County. They could belong to the Upper Paleolithic, a thing we hope to clarify during our next research.
On the Beginnings of the Town of Roman
Authors: Căprăroiu Denis
Published: March 2022

Résumé : Les problèmes spécifiques liés à l’histoire de la ville de Roman (Târgul de Jos), situé sur le cours inférieur de la Moldova, à la confluence avec le Siret, ont attiré de manière particulière l’attention des historiens roumains, ce qui a été bien reflété, d’ailleurs, dans la fréquence des références bibliographiques. L’importance spéciale dont la ville a joui dans l’histoire politique et sociale de la Moldavie a constitué, sans doute, l’argument principal de cet intérêt assidu, alimenté, également, par le statut particulier et la nature très originale de l’évolution précoce de la ville de Roman. Le fait que cette préoccupation constante a permis un grand nombre d’erreurs et de confusions va de soi, si l’on tient compte de la rareté et l’imprécision des sources documentaires, aussi que de l’absence des monuments archéologiques de surface capables de remédier à ce manque. De cette perspective, la nécessité de clarifier le contexte où la ville médiévale de Roman est apparue semble impérative, et c’est pour cette raison qu’elle fait l’objet de notre étude.
Management of archaeological sites in Tulcea County using an integrated geospatial system for their positioning and protection
Authors: Topoleanu Florin , Popescu Oana , Tache Antonio , Petrisor Alexandru-Ionuţ , Bica Ion , Bajenaru Oana
Published: March 2022

Abstract : Management of archaeological sites in Tulcea County using an integrated geospatial system for their positioning and protection. While conservation is a key component of sustainable development, cultural landscapes preserve traditional interactions between nature and culture. Within the cultural landscapes, the protection of historical monuments presents an importance underlined by numerous international and European political documents. The importance increases when historical monuments receive additional educational and informational value through their inclusion in touristic circuits. Consequently, different institution started their involvement in historical conservation all over the world. New technologies, particularly the Geographical Information Systems (used to integrate spatially referenced data in a problem solving environment) and the Global Positioning Systems (used to accurately position and represent different objects in a geodatabase), had found applications in the conservation of historical monuments. Unfortunately, approaches differ by place, and no common methodology could be used for a joint management of the worldwide heritage. Two pieces of legislation tackle the issues related to the protection of historical monuments in Romania, and each of them introduces different classifications. This paper introduces a novel methodology that has a potential of integrating other approaches and databases, and also for being used in conjunction with other planning and research instruments. The methodology had been applied in Tulcea County, due to its richness in historical monuments, to build and query a geodatabase of all historical monuments, regardless of their inclusion in other databases. The database consists of the following elements : literature reviews, archeological database, digital elevation model, thematic maps, satellite imagery, digital maps, integrated maps, and WEB site. Results suggest that the methodology allows for integrating new elements to existing database, join databases owned by different agencies, easily update information and perform spatial queries for informative, research or planning purposes. Furthermore, the project leading to the creation of the PATRIMON database had proposed a lighting system used for the possible inclusion of identified monuments in touristic circuits.
Victor Place et l’Union des Principautés (1856-1859)
Authors: Oncescu Iulian
Published: March 2022

Abstract. Victor Place and Unification of the Principalities (1856-1859). The French consuls in Bucharest and Iasi, respectively Léon Béclard and Victor Place presented frequently, exactly and with perspicacity the arguments used by the Romanians for the union of Moldova and Wallachia, sometimes describing with plenty of details some of the significant events of the Principalities. They were trying to provide convincing information to their superiors about the ideals and interests of the Romanian society in the problematic context of those times. Victor Place, consul in Iasi, totally won in favor of the Romanian cause, in general, and especially of the Union, proved to have a more energetic, more enterprising and more enthusiastic nature. He considered that his mission included not just the observation and comment of the events, but also a personal involvement in the promotion and defense of the French interests along the political and diplomatic line that was set to him. Consequently, he carried out a remarkable activity in support of the Romanians during the years 1856-1859.
Considérations d’ordre démographique et social concernant le complexe culturel Precucuteni – Cucuteni – Tripolye
Authors: Preoteasa Constantin
Published: March 2022

Abstract : Demographical and Social Considerations concerning the Precucuteni-Cucuteni-Tripolye Cultural Complex. The Romanian archaeological literature is less familiar with the issues regarding the demography of the Precucuteni-Cucuteni-Tripolye Cultural Complex than, for example, the ex-Soviet archaeology. Normally, for the prehistoric civilizations, which lack a writing system, such an approach is difficult or even impossible to achieve, because it involves a great level of subjectivity and approximation due to the criteria concerned when elaborated. In time, the scholars made a series of evaluations concerning the population of this civilization for different areas or periods of evolution. They considered first of all the number of family members – counted according to each case to 5-10 persons, adults and children – and then the available living space, directly influenced by the different types of houses belonging to the settlement. The present paper emphasizes both the causes and the effects of the explosive demographical growth characteristic for this civilization and also presents the hypothetical typology of the settlements belonging to this civilization taking into account their size, the number of houses and the supposed number of the population. We also intend to analyze the hypothetical organization structures and social hierarchy of the Precucuteni-Cucuteni-Tripolye Cultural Complex, probably the most complex of that time. We must take into consideration the fact that we are dealing with the most important European prehistoric civilization through its high cultural development and its chronological evolution, which outlines the very good adjustment of this human communities to the environmental conditions.
Influences occidentales dans l’orfèvrerie brancovane
Authors: Georgescu Maria
Published: March 2022

Abstract : Western influences in the Brancovan Silverware. In the last decades of the XVIIth century the relations between the Romanian countries and West, especially Venice intensify, representing an attempt to get closer to the Western Latin world. Artistically, these relations are expressed by a large number of imported silverware objects. The Cantacusins would bring their art objects from Venice. A number of silverware objects offered to the Cotroceni, Radu Vodă dintr-un Lemn, Supratele and Comana monasteries bear the imprint of Venitian craftsmen. Constantin Brâncoveau gave to the Mănăstirea dintr-un Lemn a piece of silverware signed by the Venitian artist Gerolamo Campagniani. The integration of objects bearing the imprint of famous craftsmen from silverware centers (Ausburg. Nürnberg, Riga, Venice, etc.) within the Romanian Silverware, the relations with Transylvania, were already traditional as far as silverware was concerned, as well as the relations with the already known Balkan silverware (chiproviceni masters -Fr. Marcanić), and Hey prove the existence of economic relations and wider preoccupation for the European art. The preference for objects made in the style of late Renaissance and Baroque, by foreign craftsmen, is significant for the tastes and inclinations of the Brancovan time and can be regarded as an influence of the western spirit. The orders for foreign craftsmen express an orientation of the commanditaires’ taste towards those forms of art that were to influence the works of Romanian craftsmen. The role of the silverware objects in the whole of the Romanian art in the Brancovan epoch is very important throurgh the spreading of typical floral motifs, though the silverware made in Transylvania, stone carving, wood carving, embroydery and the decoration of old books during Șerban Cantacuzino and Constantin Brâncoveanu times.
Aspects of the economic relations between Romania and Italy (1879-1914)
Authors: Oncescu Laura
Published: March 2022

Abstract : Aspects of the economic relations between Romania and Italy (1879-1914). By the end of the 19th century, Italy showed an increased interest in establishing more and more fruitful economic relations with Romania. The continually growing Italian population represented an important market for the Romanian agricultural products. The development of the car industry and the marine industry in Italy required a massive acquisition of Romanian oil products. On the other hand, Romania imported from Italy textile products, vegetal oil, rice etc. A large number of Italian workers were to be found in the industry of the forest exploitations in the southern and eastern Carpathians. The birth of the Society for the Romanian Forest Exploitations was the very initiative of an Italian bank. By the beginning of the 20th century, Italy and Romania witness a real impetus in their economic relations, especially because of the presence of the Italian navy on the Danube and the Black Sea. The considerable inflow of foreign capital, until the First World War broke up, led to the internationalization of the Romanian oil, a fact highlighted as well by a statistics carried out by Nicolae Xenopol, which situated Italy on the fifth place among eight states concerning the capital investment in the Romanian oil industry.
Etude techno-typologique préliminaire de l’échantillon lithique du site paléolithique de Lapoş, Poiana Roman (département de Prahova). Les fouilles de la Colline D
Authors: Cîrstina Ovidiu , Niţă Loredana
Published: March 2022

Abstract : A Preliminary Techno-Typological Study of the Paleolithic Lithic Assemblage from Lapo – Poiana Roman (Prahova County), Following Archaeological Researches in the “ Colina D” Area. Between 1993 and 2006, archeological researches of the Paleolithic site Lapo -Poiana Roman were located in two main areas : „ Colina D” and „ Liziera P durii”, resulting in the discovery of a large and diversified lithic sample. Unfortunately, outside several quite extended lithic amassing, no other structures or types of artifacts were uncovered ; therefore, the cultural and chronological features of the Lapo sequence remain highly uncertain, since they were inferred only on stratigraphical, palynological and lithic techno-typology basis. Nevertheless, most features of the lithic industry point towards a possible late Epigravettian influence, which, according to some recent synthetic papers, is not an isolated phenomenon, at least for the Eastern Carpathian area.
Ritual depositions of Sus domesticus from Poduri – Dealul Ghindaru (Cucuteni culture, Bacău County, Romania)
Authors: Bãlãsescu Adrian
Published: March 2022

Résumé : Les dépôts rituels de Sus domesticus trouvés à Poduri-Dealul Ghindaru (culture Cucuteni, département Bac u, Roumanie). Sur le site de Poduri (département Bac u, Roumanie), l’étude archéozoologique a mis en évidence le dépôt intentionnel de deux individus juvéniles de porc (Sus domesticus) quasiment complets (S1 et S2) sous une habitation attribuée à la phase A2 de la culture Cucuteni. Ces deux suinés auraient en outre été déposés dans deux fosses distinctes (Gr. 56 et Gr. 55). De telles découvertes sont rares pour la culture Cucuteni, ce qui ajoute encore au caractère exceptionnel du dépôt mis au jour à Poduri. L’étude taphonomique a montré, pour les deux individus, que l’homme était intervenu au niveau de la cage thoracique : une éviscération partielle a été pratiquée dans le cas de S1, elle a été totale dans le cas de S2. Les interventions anthropiques mises en évidence sur les squelettes indiquent également des différences de traitement entre les deux suinés : S2 a ainsi probablement été écorché avant d’être déposé dans la fosse. Les animaux ont été sacrifiés à l’âge de 10 mois (S1) et de 11-12 mois (S2). À cet âge les porcs n’ont pas atteint leur maturité pondérale (c’est-à-dire le poids permettant une rentabilité maximale du point de vue économique). Par ailleurs, il est vraisemblable que l’individu S2 ait été une femelle, un os attribué à un foetus de suiné ayant été identifié dans la même fosse (Gr. 55).
Concernant l’expédition hongroise au sud de la Moldavie (1345)
Authors: Cârciumaru Radu
Published: March 2022

Abstract : Concerning the Hungarian expedition in the south of Moldova (1345). The Hungarian military expedition started, very probably, some time towards the beginning of the year 1345. Its aim was to stop the Tatar raids on Transylvania coming from this direction. The result of this action was the appearance of a political-military structure east of the Carpathians, controlled by the Hungarian kingdom, and completed shortly after that, by a religious one, through the recreation of the episcopate of Milcovia, in 1347. The new structure, set up here by the Hungarian royalty, managed to contribute, during the following two decennia, to pushing the Mongolian domination towards the maritime area. However, the Hungarian control east of the Carpathians will not resist in front of the pressure exerted by the leaders of the local society, who will manage to impose their own political leader coming through under the protection of Hungary.
La place de la pierre dans l'Âge de la pierre: la perspective de la documentation dans la recherche du Paléolithique
Authors: Anghelinu Mircea , Niţă Loredana
Published: March 2022

Abstract : How much does the stone of the Stone Age matter ? The perspective of the archaeological record on the Palaeolithic research Prehistoric archaeology researches usually face the difficult challenge of random and heavily fragmented data, which persuades a rather materialist approach, especially when it comes to Palaeolithic studies. The latter are typically reduced to more or less imaginative or sophisticated interpretations of the lithic samples, so that the entire chronological and cultural Palaeolithic framework stands on the grounds of lithic implements characteristics. Furthermore, the narrow perspective induced by the lithic data is more often than not used to infer the general cognitive, social and cultural features of the Palaeolithic hunter-gatherers. Questioning the standard view on human technology as adaptive, the paper consequently cast into doubt the relative importance of the lithic toolkits during the Palaeolithic and asks for a more socially informed perspective on technological behaviours. As the authors argue, the complexity of the past technological systems cannot and should not be reduced to the variability expressed in a single set of behaviours (i. e. lithic technology). They paper advocates an integrated approach, able to incorporate all the categories of archaeological information.
Modalitá di abbordo dello studio del materiale duro di origine animale nella zona Portile de Fier, nella perspettiva di uno studio tecnologico microscopico
Authors: Vintilă Monica
Published: March 2022

Abstract : A technological study of the praehistoric bone tools in the Iron Gates Area : The microscopical approach. After the beginning of archaeological researches back in 1964, the most interesting and spectacular discoveries in the Iron Gates area could be considered the bone objects and tool fragments, with different signs and geometrical figures inlaid on their surfaces. At the time of the discovery, archeologists described the markings only from a typological perspective. Later, there were attempts of reading their technological features, but because of the technical possibilities this materialized only on macroscopical level. With the help of technology and with a well prepared methodology we hope that in the nearest future we will realize a technological study on microscopical basis, using the digital fiber optical microscope VHX-600 from Keyence, with resolution power up to 200x and wide possibilities of image processing.
Moldavian Towns in the Political Context of the 17th-18th Century. General aspects
Authors: Şchiopu Ştefan
Published: March 2022

Résumé : Les villes Moldave dans le contexte politique du XVII e – XVIII e siècles-Aspects général. Les XVIIe -XVIIIe siècles ont change fondamentalement les coordonnées de l’evolution du société roumaine. L’imposition des obligations de plus en plus, souvent insupportable, jusqu’à la deuxième moitié de XVIIIe siècles, a ralenti le développement de la nature des procès de production et a empêché l’accumulation de capital, d’où résulte meme l’augmenté du décalage en rapport avec d’autres zones européennes. Malgré la poursuite meme dans le XVIIIe siècles, a l’effort pour établir des relations commerciales avec d’autres espaces, le caractère cvasiagrar de l’économie moldave il a mis fortement l’empreinte sur l’affirmation précoce des elements bourgeois. À peine vers la fin de XVIIIe siècles, avec la limitation des obligations vers la Porte, après la déséquilibration du balance des forces en rapport avec Russie, la société moldave connaîtra les premiers signes d’improvise des relations capitalistes. On pourrait dire que l’évolution politique interne et externe des XVIIe – XVIIIe siècles a avantagé la féodalité consummation et conservatrice, la couche sociale active d’ambiance urbaine étant empêchée permanent en définition d’une position qui corresponde leurs aspirations.
Écrivains d’origine roumaine et d’expression française et hommes politiques français
Authors: Rujan Ştefania Viorica
Published: March 2022

Abstract : Writers of Romanian writing in French and french politicians. This article concerning several French politicians in the perception of several writers of Romanian origin who wrote in French deals with the larger topic of the French-Romanian relations which date especially since the 19 th century and developed throughout the years, continuing on nowadays. The Romanian writers Marthe Bibesco, Emile Cioran, Hélène Vacaresco, and Panaït Istrati expressed, in their memories and in articles, opinions on different French politicians, whom they had the chance to know. The opinions they expressed help us to better understand the personalities of these politicians, such as the general de Gaulle, Aristide Briand, Raymond Poincaré, a socialist like Francis de Pressensé or a communard like Emile Landrin, and at the same time they reveal a lot of things about the authors themselves. Though they had different political conceptions and opinions, they all proved themselves European and universal spirits and true citizens of the world.
De l’empirisme à la restauration scientifique
Authors: Iamandi Daniela
Published: March 2022

From empiricism to scientific restoration.

Generally speaking, the restoration is a difficult process that implies choosing compatible working materials that will be used through the intervention state, until the final execution. But the most causes of degradation for a ceramic object that were identified throughout its existence, from the discovery moment, comes in great part from the human factor, starting with the archeologist, collection conservator, owner, restorer, the last being the most wrongdoer for the object's poor state of restoration.
Étude de cas : L’évolution de l’habitat humain préhistorique dans le bassin hidrographique de la rivière Ilişeşti
Authors: Andronic Mugur
Published: March 2022

Case study : the evolution of the pre-historical human habitation in the hydrographical basin of Ilisesti Stream.

The article summarizes the archeological pre-historical discoveries, most of them unique, that have been made along the time around the hydrographic basin of Ilisesti Stream (around 80 km2)-important affluent of Suceava River. In the same time, some considerations could be made regarding the pre-historical human habitation in the area, based on the comparisons with the observations already made about the neighbor hydrographical area of Solonet River. In both areas, were found evidences of an important demographical growth during the Bronze Age and during Hallstatt.
L’Abri des Pêcheurs (Ardèche, sud-est France). Des occupations néandertaliennes dans une «grotte en forme de fissure »
Authors: Moncel Marie-Hélène
Published: March 2022

The Abri des Pêcheurs (Ardèche, south-east France). Neanderthal occupations in a cavehole.

The Abri des Pêcheurs has yielded an extraordinary sequence with Middle and Upper Palaeolithic levels. Humans came and stayed in a ditch-cave which has been filled in along time. During Middle Palaeolithic occupations, they used first quartz, and this site is the only case in this area. Assemblages show similar technological behaviour along time. Flint is few employed and arrived as flakes from different long-distance areas if we consider its geological variety. Functions of the site are not well established. The base of the sequence has yielded sediments with a mixing of ibex, carnivore bones and artefacts. The study of the lithic assemblages brings information on the processing systems used on quartz and flint during occupations which left few evidence and used local stones while flint is available not far from the site. Hypothesis on short and specialized occupations is discussed.
The database of prehistoric bone and antler industry from Transylvania, Romania: some remarks about the Miercurea Sibiului – “Petriş” site
Authors: Sztancs Diana-Maria , Luca Sabin Adrian , Beldiman Corneliu
Published: March 2022

Base de données de l’industrie préhistorique des matières dures animales de Transylvanie, Roumanie : quelques considérations sur le site de Miercurea Sibiului – “Petriş”. L’industrie des matières dures animales représente la totalité des artefacts produits en série par l’application d’une chaîne opératoire standardisée bien définie (choix des matières premières, procédées de débitage et de façonnage etc.). L’article utilise les données insérées dans la thèse de doctorat élaboré par l’auteur principal (“L’industrie des matières dures animales du Néo-Énéolithique de la Transylvanie”) et propose un exemple de application de Microsoft Access database pour l’étude des 88 artefacts datés du Néo-Énéolithique en provenance du site de Miercurea Sibiului – “Petriş”, dép. de Sibiu (fouilles menées par Professeur Sabin Adrian Luca). L’analyse adopte la trame méthodologique proposée récemment par Corneliu Beldiman (2007). Tous les paramètres quantifiables des objets ont été utilisés comme descripteurs de la base de données : le contexte de la découverte, le numéro unique de l’artefact, le code typologique, l’état de conservation, la morphométrie, la description intégrale (forme, les procédées/opérations de débitage et de façonnage, mode d’utilisation supposé, datation absolue, images). Les interrogations peuvent offrir éléments relevants concernant les paramètres des artefacts, les associations in complexes et l’évolution de divers components de l’ensemble analysé pour chaque culture ou par l’approche comparative des cultures attestées dans le site (Starčevo-Criş, Vinča, Petresti).
Quelques considérations techno-typologiques sur un nombre de découvertes paléolithiques isolées des départements de Sibiu et Hunedoara
Authors: Niţu Elena-Cristina
Published: March 2022

Some techno-typological considerations on isolated discoveries of Sibiu and Hunedoara County.

In this paper, we will present several techno-typological considerations on a number of isolated discoveries attributed to the Paleolithic. Following the observations made, the point Orăştie-Dealul Pemilor may represent an interesting area for new archeological discoveries, and the discovery from Şelimbăr is a proof of the existence of the Middle Paleolithic in the area under analysis.
L’art mobilier paléolithique et mésolithique de Roumanie et de la République Moldova - connexions culturelles avec l'Europe Centrale et Orientale
Authors: Mărgărit Monica
Published: March 2022

The Upper Paleolithic and Mesolithic Portable Art of Romania and of the Republic of Moldova.

At present, the specialized circles admit the fact that portable art objects have commonly been created by all human societies beginning with the Upper Paleolithic (and, according to the most recent finds, even by the human groups previous to Homo sapiens) up to the so-called “ primitive” societies that are contemporary to us. The list of the functions they accomplish in these societies demonstrates that they are capable of offering various information on the human groups and individuals that created them. The objective of the present approach is to draw a few defining elements of the art of the area under analysis, for a possible identification of the ethnic groups, of the social stratification and of the exchange systems practiced at that time.
The relations between Hungary and the principality on the right side of Olt River during the second half of the 13th century. Brief observations
Authors: Cârciumaru Radu
Published: March 2022

The Romanian extra-Carpathian area during the second half of the 13th century is insufficiently known on the level of its political evolution, of its relations with the main power of the area, Hungary. The major event mentioned in documents is the revolt from Oltenia of voivode Litovoi, which triggered a Hungarian military campaign led by magister Georgius. There are still unelucidated aspects concerning the chronology and the consequences of this event on the process of territorial unification.
Bone and antler artefacts dated from Early Neolithic discovered recently in South-Western Transylvania,Romania
Authors: Beldiman Corneliu , Alexandru-Barbat Ioan , Sztancs Diana-Maria
Published: March 2022

The article presents an Early Neolithic assemblage made of 11 artefacts of bone and antler discovered recently in South-Western Transylvania, Hunedoara and Alba Counties. The osseous materials artefacts were discovered at Lunca Târnavei-“ Valley” during a periegesis and at Şoimuş/“ Pe Teleci”/“ Teleghi” where due to the extent of the Deva-Orăştie Motorway, more than 500 m of the site were excavated. The Western part of the site was researched by a team from Museum of Dacian and Roman Civilisation of Deva (Cătălin Rişcuţa, Ioan Alexandru Bărbat and Antoniu Marc) ; the artefacts analysed in this article were discovered in this sector. Even if they are only few (N = 13), the pieces are both ordinary and rare or even unique ones. The typology comprises ordinary pieces like : points made of fragments of long bones or scrapers made of ribs. The rare pieces are : red deer antler sleeve, the blank of bone spoon and the fragment of red deer skull cap. Artefacts discovered at Şoimuş can be dated from Starčevo-Criş IC-IIIB.
Funerary Venus cult in Roman Dacia
Authors: Antal Adriana
Published: March 2022

Le culte funéraire de Vénus dans la Dacie romaine.

Neuf Venus représentations ont été découverts dans les tombes romaines de Dacia dans l'inventaire funéraire. Venus statues d'argile et de bronze ont joué un rôle apotropaïque dans la protection de l'âme après la mort. Déesse attributs comme la beauté, la vertu et la modestie avait des connotations nouvelles au cours de l'Empire deviennent des vertus essentielles pour l''accès aux Champs Elysées. Par conséquent Vénus iconographie sera imitée par les mortels dans le but d'acquérir ces vertus. L’invocatio in formam Veneris phénomène commence à l'intérieur de la famille impériale, puis se propage parmi les peuples ordinaires.
Vitreous Beads Found at the Bronze Age Cemetery from Câmpina (Prahova)
Authors: Frînculeasa Alin , Stihi Claudia
Published: March 2022

Vitreous Beads Found at the Bronze Age Cemetery from Câmpina (Prahova). The present study focuses on the analysis of a number of beads made of vitreous material found at the Late Bronze Age cemetery from Câmpina (Prahova County). We shall describe the primary and chronological context and broadly discuss the more or less close/contemporary analogies. Several physical analyses on four pieces produced in a specialised laboratory from Valahia University of Târgovişte bring up for discussion the chemical composition of the raw matter used. The results of these analyses have allowed a short introduction to the physicochemical analyses on vitreous materials found in archaeological contexts in advanced phases in Western Europe, but strangely unknown in Romania.
Wooden Church from Târnăvița, Hunedoara County
Authors: Dăneasă Cristina Maria
Published: March 2022

Wooden Church from Târnăvita, Hunedoara County. The wooden church from Târnăvita village is one of the most beautiful and valorous from Mureş Meadow, in Hunedoara County. This church from seventh decade of 17th century preserve the archaic forms and dimensions, with a interior paint from two periods – from 17th and 18th centuries. Is a listed monument in A class, but its state of conservation is poor. This monument is representative for wooden churches from Mureş Valley in Hunedoara County and its integral saving must to be a priority for the specialized teams.
3D reconstruction of ancient pottery using drawn profiles. A case study: reconstructing a Dacian fruit bowl
Authors: Berzovan Alexandru , Toma Claudiu
Published: March 2022

Without any doubt, the last years had seen an increasing deal of interest towards the Dacian culture and civilization, not just in Romania, but also in other countries. Unfortunately, most of those who are outside academia or specialized institutions do not have any sort of access to proper information about the subject. Reconstructing and bringing to life ancient artifacts could be a useful way to resolve these issues. In this paper we discuss a method for 3D reconstruction of ancient pottery using drawn profiles and we had chosen as a case study and example a reconstruction of a wheel made Dacian fruit bowl. Although the method is known, issues such as texturing are not discussed in great detail. In order to reconstruct the pot, we had used software such as Photoshop, 3ds Max and Mudbox. We processed and cleaned the original image, while importing it in 3ds Max, where, we transformed the drawing into an object and we created an UVW texture. Then, we imported our work in Mudbox, where we applied a texture. The texture was created from the photography of the original pot. We applied the texture and we obtained as a final result a pot with an authentic look. Software such as Mudbox can also be used to sculpt 3D objects in great detail, so reconstructing uneven handmade pots, painted pots, or pots with various plastic ornaments can also be possible. Reconstructing ancient pots in 3D is extremely useful especially for the larger public, as it effectively manages to " bring to life" the otherwise inert drawings that are " readable" only by the expert eye of the archaeologist.
Considérations concernant la fin du pouvoir des Petchénègues du Bas-Danube
Authors: Märculet Vasile
Published: March 2022

Considerations on the end of the Pechenegs’ power at the Lower Danube. This study addresses the political and military context of the last great invasions of the North-Danube Pechenegs in the Byzantium Empire, from 1091 and 1122-1123 and their political and military consequences. Basic information was provided by a series of Byzantine chronicles such as those of Ioannes (John) Skylitzes, Ioannes (John) Zonaras, Ioannes (John) Kynnamos, Anna Comnena, Niketas Choniates and others, or Heimskringla of the Icelandic chronicler Snorri Sturluson. The Pechengs of Turanian race entered the Lower Danube in the 10th century, laid the bases of a large “steppe empire” – Patzinakia – bounded by the lower course of the Danube and Volga. Their invasions in Byzantium, started in the third decade of the 11th century, led to some gaps of the Byzantine rule on Thema Paristrion or Paradounavon, in 1046/ 1047-1053, 1059, 1072-1091. Defeated by a categorical manner by the Emperor Alexios I Comnenos, allied with the Cumans, at Lebunion, on April 29, 1091, the Pechenegs gave them the main place of military factor in the Lower Danube. Three decades later, with their military potential restored they take their last great invasion in the Byzantine Empire, advancing to Thracia (fall 1122). In the spring of 1123 they take are, however, crouched by the Byzantine forces commanded by Emperor Ioannes (John) II Comnenos, close to Berroe. The suffered military disaster caused the permanent end of their power at the Lower Danube.
Zu einem Metallgegenstand der frühbronzezeitlichen Glina-Kultur. Die Meißel von Mironeşti
Authors: Schuster Cristian , Popa Traian
Published: March 2022

The chisel from Mironeşti. The investigations carried out in the site of the Glina culture, Early Bronze Age, from Mironeşti-Conacul Mironescu, Giurgiu County, have resulted in the recovery, among others, of a chisel made of copper. This find allowed us to make a larger discussion about this tool type – places of discovery, distribution, functionality, conception mode.
A fort at the edge of the Empire. Observations enabled by the discovery of two curved weapons at the Dacian fortress of Divici
Authors: Săcărin Caius , Berzovan Alexandru , Borangic Cătălin
Published: March 2022

Among the specific embodiments of the military phenomena, weapons occupy a leading role, as they are the most obvious physical representations. The arrival of Roman power on the lower Danube during Ist century A. D. generated a series of skirmishes in the region, with both the Dacian kingdom, as well as with various tribal factions, more or less under the influence of the said kingdom, on both sides of the great river. In our view, a special interest zone for understanding said phenomena is the Danube Gorge, where, for over a century, the armies of Rome and those of the Dacian kings were in direct and permanent contact, separated only by the great European river. The usage of modern methods of investigation, to the extent that it can be done, combining them with field research and excavations in well-defined micro zones, can provide new insights into the analysis of issues such as the spatial distribution of sites in an area and thus, the issue of relations between these archaeological sites. In this picture, curved weapons discovered in the ruins of the Dacian fortress Divici, an important fort, throws an important light on the importance of this border point. It is likely that the garrison stationed here, obviously related to the power center from the Șureanu Mountains, was composed of elite soldiers, as the weapons, the type of fortification and the geographical position converge together towards this hypothesis. Located at the meeting point of two distinct worlds, the Dacian warriors on the Danube Gorge built solid fortifications, integrated into a coherent system, which aimed at controlling access to key crossing points across the river. Consolidating their power through trade, but also through plunder, these warriors found themselves at the forefront of the advance of Roman armies towards the Danube, managing to resist until the era of the large Dacian-Roman confrontations.
Monetary deposit found in building XI of the Military Vicus at Tibiscvm (Jupa), Caraş-Severin County
Authors: Bogdan Matei Cosmin
Published: March 2022

As a result of the systematic archaeological excavations conducted at Jupa in 2008 in building XI a small bronze monetary deposit of 7 sestertii was found. The paper describes and analyses the 7 bronze coins based on : the individual presentation of each coin, the images of the obverse and reverse, the monetary workshop that issued it, the issue year, the metal, the diameter, the weight, the temporary inventory and the catalogue based on which the determination was done.