bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Simulation of road speed-sectioning by assessing the impact of traffic and road infrastructure
Authors: Deljanin Emir , Coiret Alex , Vandanjon Pierre-Olivier
Published: October 2021

In a context of climate change, lowering road vehicles consumption is a key point to meet CO2 reduction requirements. In addition to car technological advances, eco-driving is part of the solution but the road infrastructure should ensure its development. In a previous study, a gain of 5% in the spent energy was estimated on specific route by slightly moving some speed signs, but under the assumptions that drivers practice eco-driving and the traffic is free-flow. This paper deepens and widens these first results. The base of this research is to provide a simulation model to study the impact of traffic and speed-sectioning on the environment. Inside this model, the impact of different approach speeds to a speed-sectioning is assessed. The simulation is conducted within the Trafficware Synchro environment where parameters according to road infrastructure, vehicle and driver are based on real traffic data. Moving a speed limitation sign can contribute to a reduction of fuel consumption up to 8% depending on driver structure. This new methodology improves the accuracy of our first results and detects adverse effects as the possible emergence of congestion due to the modification of speed sectioning. In perspective this methodology represents a significant argument in road managers strategy. In addition it also represents an orienting point to investigate different action scenarios and a first step to a global optimization policy in managing road infrastructure.
Assessment of track and turnout condition based on geometry measurement and railhead condition data
Authors: Madejski Janusz
Published: October 2021

The paper presents the procedure of track and turnout geometry condition assessment, taking into account also the deterioration of the rail running surface. Track geometry measurements are made using manual tools, microprocessor-based portable instruments, and geometry cars. Methods of collecting track and turnout geometry data are discussed, and an exemplary equipment design features are presented. Maintaining and possible improvement of the technical condition of the permanent way call for regular inspections providing voluminous data requiring detailed analysis. The approach based on track line-speed dependent geometry parameters analysis is explained. Several synthetic track condition assessment coefficients are described, and analysis of the temporal trend of the track and turnout geometry change. Train operation safety is also affected by changes on the running surface of the rails. In addition to the track geometry, the significant reasons for train operation safety are the railhead wear being affected by the type of transport, traffic intensity and maximum allowable axle load. Determining the permanent way condition with the continuous design and maintenance characteristics is possible if measured on the minimum 200-300 m length with the measurement steps of ca 0.5 m. Comments on employing the Artificial Intelligence tools for track and turnout condition analysis are provided. Most of the inspection data collected using various equipment, like track and turnout geometry measurement data and video inspection information, can be analysed automatically by the dedicated software agents. Such an approach yields analysis results equivalent to the standard inspections, except that the trains and self-propelled trolleys can record data at higher speeds, railways staff could achieve.
The use of fibers in cement stabilized base course of pavement
Authors: Dumanić Daniela , Breški Deana , Juradin Sandra
Published: October 2021

Nowadays, various materials are being analyzed as a possible component of pavement structure with the goal of using sustainable building materials and protecting the environment. Waste and recycled materials are added to pavement layers in order to improve it. Also, the possibility of using natural, renewable materials by incorporating them into existing standard materials is been examined. Cement-stabilized base course increases load-carrying capacity of the pavement but is prone to cracking which causes reflection cracks in an asphalt surface. Reinforcement of cement-stabilized base course can be achieved by the addition of fibers. Fibers added to the cement stabilization tend to prevent or delay the crack initiation and propagation by redistributing the resulting stresses. Considering the research conducted to-date and the need to use sustainable materials in combination with cement stabilization, some attempts are being made to achieve improvements of this pavement layer. Natural fibers are locally available, economical, renewable and degradable, and can be used as reinforcement. In the Mediterranean area, a possible source of cellulose fibers is found in the wild plant named Spanish Broom (Spartium junceum L). This paper offers an overview of research studies about fiber reinforcement of cement-stabilized base course. It also presents current research on Spanish Broom fibers in cement composites, as well as possible ways of obtaining and treating fibers. Based on the results of this research, a method for obtaining the fibers can be selected which might improve the mechanical properties of cement-stabilized course.
Vehicle mismatch – a case study
Authors: Mikulec Roman , Moravcova Pavlína , Bucsuházy Kateřina , Kostíková Martina , Motl Jakub
Published: October 2021

Sport utility vehicles (SUV) gain more popularity and with more manufacturers being involved in their production their accessibility rises as well. This however creates an opportunity for collisions with smaller passenger vehicles. There is obvious mismatch in weight, stiffness and height between SUVs and other, smaller passenger vehicles. Furthermore, the average age of passenger vehicles in Czech Republic is over 15 years. Even when these older vehicles crash even with vehicle of similar weight and build, there is a significant mismatch in stiffness and safety equipment (especially airbags). These kinds of vehicle mismatches thus create risk of more serious injuries in case of crashes. The Czech In-Depth Accident Study project (CzIDAS) collects on-site crash data and injury data for further analysis of traffic accidents in order to present traffic risk factors. Analysis of vehicles’ collision speed and damage is carried out and verified using simulation programme calculation, information about passengers’ injuries is obtained from contracted hospital facilities. The traffic accidents presented in this case study serve to showcase the risks associated with vehicle mismatch crashes, currently happening on roads of Czech Republic.
The accessibility of rail transport to people with reduced mobility – case study
Authors: Petrović Marjana , Mikulčić Matea , Mlinarić Tomislav Josip
Published: October 2021

The means of rail transport as well as other modes of transport primarily enable people to easily overcome certain distances over a period of time. This implies the need for it to be adapted to such specificities, together with other elements in places where high concentrations of passengers are exchanged. This paper deals with a common problem of accessibility of rail transport to people with reduced mobility (PRM). PRM refers to people whose mobility is reduced due to physical incapacity, an intellectual deficiency, age, illness or any other cause of disability when using transport. Therefore, a thorough analysis of accessibility of rail transport to this group of passengers will be conducted for the city of Zagreb according to certain indicators. The rail station is considered to be accessible if a PRM passenger can enter passenger terminal, consume services available there and if is able to get to the platform from where the train will depart. The rolling stock is accessible if a PRM passenger can buy a ticket, enter the train and have predicted and available space in the train. By determining the real state of accessibility to PRM passengers of all railway stations and used rolling stock in suburban rail transit in the city of Zagreb, measures will be proposed to increase accessibility to these passengers and thus facilitate their integration into society in this segment and increase their quality of life.
Impact of liberalization on the taxi market in the Republic of Croatia
Authors: Slavulj Marko , Brčić Davor , Sikirić Matija , Radulović Božo
Published: October 2021

Market liberalization is an important objective of the European Union. It is a process of removing government restrictions and opening up markets for private companies. Road Transport Act which entered into force on 12 May 2018, enabled a completely free market for taxi services on the territory of the Republic of Croatia. Local self-government units, by this Law, are obliged to enable the provision of taxi services in their administrative area to all business entities that are eligible for taxi transportation. The paper will present a cross-section of the impact of liberalization on the taxi market in the cities of the European Union, as well as analyse specific features in the legal regulations of individual EU member states. The analysis will be made in order to better understand the new situation in the Republic of Croatia. The purpose of this paper is to determine the effects of liberalization of the taxi service market, and to what extent auto-taxi transportation contributes to the congestion of urban roads in Croatian cities. The aim of the paper is to analyse the structure of traffic flow, the share of taxi vehicles in traffic flow, and to draw guidelines and conclusions based on the analysis.
Military road interpolation into public roads network in conditions of natural disaster
Authors: Tandarić Tihomir , Nikolić Peko , Dragčević Vesna
Published: October 2021

The traffic connection of an area is important for the economic development of the country, but it is of decisive importance for defence purposes. Unlike carefully planned public roads, the concept of military road construction must include solutions for "sudden and non-standard" or sudden and unusual circumstances and events, whether military forces participate in war or peacetime (natural disasters) operations. The paper presents the military roads partition and methods of construction in specific terrain. Military engineering units have a key role in the provision of traffic communications. The example shows the construction of a road for evacuation of the population after a natural disaster by bridging the river with a launch bridge with a tank bridge carrier MT-55A with a construction time framework.
Policy proposal to solve road traffic accidents in Pakistan
Authors: Tayyab Saad , Hussain Arshad , Haq Fazal , Ahmed Sarfraz
Published: October 2021

The road traffic accidents (RTAs) have raised concern globally and become worsen with the passage of time that expedite issues of social exclusion and public health. There are approximately 1.35 million people involved annually in road crashes and 3,700 people died on daily basis. A ratio of happening an accident has found greater in developing countries due to govern of their socio-economic factors. It would contribute in long-lasting cost of pain and sufferings at micro to macro level at large. Pakistan has been experiencing the same with an annual trend of increase in RTAs. There are many demographic factors involved particular to urbanization, and willingness to pay etc. where policies had contributed a major role. A loss of 30 thousand lives on annual basis has placed Pakistan at 67th position on global ranking of having higher percentage of RTAs. This number could expect to be doubled with the functional operation of road projects associated with China Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC). Currently, the main challenge is to sustain the growing number of RTAs by promoting mitigation measures that aimed to move ahead on sustainable and balanced development. An adequate response to address these challenges will require best available scientific knowledge and constant re-evaluation of the developments. It will fulfil the scope of this study to identify frequent causes and propose strategies for traffic calming measures in light of those findings, and also to make ensure that it would respond to emerging needs. A comparative investigation into the literature has assisted to identify key issues for occurrence of road accident fatalities (RAFs) and severe injuries. It has highlighted and recommended those gap areas either in policy or strategy domain that need to consider in dealing with RTAs mitigation tactics (e.g., licencing system upgradation, enforcing safety laws, and etc.).
Design of median ends at at-grade intersection layout plans
Authors: Ilić Vladan , Trpčevski Filip , Gavran Dejan , Fric Sanja , Vranjevac Stefan , Lukić Miloš
Published: October 2021

Median represents a portion of an urban road separating opposing directions of the traveled way. Due to their function to provide enough space for separate traffic lane and storage of left-turning vehicles, the medians are highly desirable on city arteries carrying two or more lanes per travel direction. Type and dimensions of turning vehicles significantly affect the design of a median openings and median ends. The design solution and the geometry of median ends should be based on the composition of all left-turning movements occurring simultaneously at at-grade intersection. After selection of design vehicles for swept path analysis of the characteristic turning maneuvers in intersection, larger vehicles should be further checked for their ability to turn without undue encroachment on adjacent traffic lanes. The critical design parameter is the median width, especially at the ends of the median openings. Dragging paths of left-turning vehicles shape the median ends geometry. In traditional design practice established in Europe, three-centered compound curves with radii rations R1 : R2 : R3 = 2 : 1 : 3 and R1 : R2 : R3 = 2.5 : 1 : 5.5 are used to approximate dragging pahs of turning vehicles. In this paper, considering the median width, the deficiencies of the traditional design approach are revealed and new findings regarding the design of the median ends at at-grade intersections are presented.
Implementation of BIM in public transport infrastructure works in the Czech Republic with respect to the FIDIC standards
Authors: Fazekas Karel , Vébr Ludvík , Valentin Jan , Pánek Petr
Published: October 2021

The paper describes the situation in BIM implementation in public projects in the transport sector within global powers and the Czech Republic, emphasising the specificities of the construction market and legislation base in the Czech Republic. The specialised part presents the proposed methodology of BIM implementation in road construction, and demonstrates the different levels of detail and information using a BIM model. Last but not least, there is a risk analysis and the risks identified are briefly introduced.
Comparative ride comfort analysis of in-service trams on extreme alignment configurations using smartphone-based sensing
Authors: Vinkó Ákos
Published: October 2021

In this paper, a cost-effective method for monitoring and evaluating the tramway passenger comfort and ride quality are presented using motion sensor data of smartphone fitted to in-service vehicles. Running vehicles experience a broad spectrum of vibrations and oscillations that occur in response to excitation inputs of vehicle-track coupled dynamics. Android mobile platform-based acquisition software is developed (CAFat) for commercial use, and the data from smartphone built-in sensors such as accelerometer and gyroscope are processed by sensor fusion and are coupled with local and global positioning using GNSS data to identify sections with poor ride quality. Results are promising and demonstrate that poor ride quality can be accurately localized on a tramway network. The proposed method enables infrastructure monitoring done by conventional passenger cars and makes the possibility of comparing the ride quality of traditional old-designed and the modular multi-articulated in-service vehicles.
Persons Acting for and on Behalf of a Policyholder ("Zośki")
Authors: Orlicki Marcin
Published: October 2021

The article examines the status, subject and principles of actions in respect of persons who act for and on behalf of the policyholder in group insurance as well as the remuneration and liability rules for such persons. Having emphasized that these persons are not insurance distributors, the author indicates how the provisions of the Insurance Distribution Act should be properly applied to them. In particular, his analysis aims at understanding the obligation to act in a reliable, fair and professional manner, in the best interests of the client. An important element of the analysis are the rules for remunerating persons acting on behalf of the policyholder in group insurance.
A Prevention Fund in Insurance Activity
Authors: Mrozowska - Bartkiewicz Beata , Kędziora Katarzyna
Published: October 2021

The article presents specific features of the prevention fund, discusses both an accounting and a tax approach to the treatment of expenditure on prevention, as well as examines the importance of marketing activities in insurance prevention and indicates various similarities and differences. The activities financed from the prevention fund can also play an important role in shaping the price of a product, thereby influencing the overall technical result. A certain preventive action included in the product price may become a part of an insurance offer. A possible marketing aspect of using the prevention fund is only an indirect consequence of expenditure from the fund, incurred by the insurance company in accordance with its statutory purpose. In addition to that, the authors discuss the possibility of transferring the fund's resources to policyholders so that they can meet preventive objectives in the light of Article 18 (1) of the Insurance and Reinsurance Activity Act, according to which in the case of insurance for someone else's account, the policyholder receives neither remuneration nor other benefits in connection with offering insurance protection nor activities related to the performance of an insurance contract.
Prevention activities are targeted at insurers’ customers directly or indirectly and may be of a more universal nature, with their beneficiaries being other members of society (e.g. the purchase of a fire truck may bring a benefit to other insured in the future). A specified action financed from the prevention fund may cover only the customers of an insurer in question (e.g. subsidizing preventive examinations of its customers) provided that the basic principles are met and the participation in it does not depend on the conclusion of a contract with the insurer. Therefore, as long as the prevention fund is used in a manner serving directly the purpose of reducing the risk of occurrence of random events as well as their consequences, it ought to be assumed that the benefit obtained by a specified group of customers should not be qualified as a marketing activity.
Overview of the recent legal developments in respect of their impact on the Polish (re)insurance activity – selected legal and practical aspects
Authors: Orzechowska Renata
Published: October 2021

The present article deals with several most important recent developments which have had an impact on the Polish (re)insurance markets. The article aims at assisting the readers in gaining a full understanding of principles of insurance and reinsurance activities in Poland as well as concerns arising out of them. The author concentrates on selected topics, such as an opportunity to cooperate with US reinsurers, the letter of Ministry of Finance allowing for cooperation with third-country reinsurers, consequences of Brexit, the Polish regulations of this matter, and expiration of Japan Solvency II equivalence decision in regard to reinsurance activities. Interestingly, some of above-mentioned issues could influence insurance and reinsurance activity in different ways, which is briefly discussed in the article, as well.
Prevention and Rescue in Liability Insurance, i.e. the Opinion of the World Community of Compulsory Insurance in the Light of Interpretation of Article 439 of the Civil Code
Authors: Fuchs Dariusz
Published: October 2021

This article examines preventive obligations imposed on the insurer and other entities of the insurance relationship in liability insurance. Not only does the analysis consider comparative legal aspects, but it also shows the evolution of regulations of Polish private law. Moreover, it refers to a specificity of the Compulsory Insurance Act. Having paid particular attention to the interpretation and practical relevance of Article 439 of the Polish Civil Code, the author invokes possible differences in the interpretation of the injured party status in liability insurance and of the person threatened by damage within the meaning of Article 439 of the Polish Civil Code. Furthermore, the discussion in Polish specialist literature on the range of designates of the term "consumer" in insurance law has been referred to. Finally, conclusions de lege ferenda have been drawn, as well as postulates presented for the interpretation of the above-mentioned Article 439 in the context of private insurance.
A Gloss to the Judgment of the Court of Appeal in Warsaw of 6 November 2020 (I ACa 17/20) Regarding the Invalidity of a Unit-linked Life Insurance Contract
Authors: Szczepańska Magdalena
Published: October 2021

The gloss presents the issue of invalidity of a unit-linked life insurance contract. A characteristic feature of such a contract is the combination of insurance and investment elements in one agreement. Since some contracts have a predominant investment character, their basic function is, in principle, to invest money in a way specified in the agreement – in the form of a clearly distinct unit-linked fund, which is an immanent element of the contract. As far as unit-linked life insurance contracts are concerned, it should be generally assumed that the legislator has left a lot of leeway to form the contents of the agreement, especially with regard to the determination of the amount of benefits, establishment and liquidation of unit-linked funds, terms of premium allocation as well as transfer of the accumulated means between specific unit-linked funds.
Legal Regulation of Bodies of the Mutual Insurance Society
Authors: Sewerynik Jakub
Published: October 2021

Mutual insurance societies constitute a small part of the Polish insurance market, dominated by insurers operating in the form of joint-stock companies. However, recent years have seen a kind of renaissance of mutual insurance, including the establishment of mutual insurance companies for specific industries. At the same time, the legal framework for this form of insurance activity remains incomplete and does not keep up with the changing market environment. It applies, in particular, to the regulations of the bodies of mutual societies, which do not comply with the dynamic modifications introduced in commercial law in recent years. The author of the article discusses the basic issues related to the design and operation of the bodies of a mutual society, reviews the historical changes to those regulations, analyzes the application of joint-stock company regulations to bodies of mutual societies and finally formulates de lege ferenda conclusions.
A Gloss to the Judgment of the Supreme Court of 17 September 2020 (I CSK 628/18)
Authors: Serwach Małgorzata
Published: October 2021

The judgment of the Supreme Court of 17 September 2020 (I CSK 628/18) refers to the infringement of personal interests and so-called outsourcing, which is increasingly being applied by insurers during winding-up proceedings and subsequently in the course of activities aimed at determining whether the circumstances justifying the payment of a cash benefit have not changed. In the contentious factual circumstances, which became the basis for the Supreme Court’s deliberations, a detective agency, having concluded a contract of mandate with the insurer, performed verification procedures to confirm the legitimacy and the amount of the compensation annuity received by the victim of a traffic accident. However, the investigation was conducted in an inappropriate way, using psychological coercion, copying medical records, test results and medicines – including recording and taking pictures of the victim, having conversations with neighbours about his daily routine, and finally obtaining the victim’s blank signature on a sheet of paper where detectives later added his consent to conduct verification and an unlawful receipt of a declaration of liability for giving false statements. Their conduct led to an infringement of personal interests, including the right to privacy and the right to security. The courts of different instances interpreted the facts differently and adopted various legal interpretations: from the acceptance of the insurer's liability for infringement of the victim’s personal interests by the outsourced detective company (district court), through ruling on the lack of liability and, above all, the lack of insurer’s capacity to initiate proceedings (court of appeal), to the confirmation of liability under certain conditions. The author of this generally positive gloss presents and evaluates arguments cited by the Supreme Court. She also organizes and verifies disputable issues. In addition to identifying a variety of legal problems and doubts in this respect, she emphasizes the practical importance of this judgment and the question of the insurer's liability for activities or omissions by third parties providing outsourced services.
Regały magazynowe wysokiego składowania.
Zasady ogólne projektowania
Authors: Papadopoulos-Woźniak Magdalena
Published: October 2021

: Stalowe regały wysokiego składowania są jedną z najbardziej popularnych
cienkościennych konstrukcji szkieletowych,
można je spotkać w centrach magazynowych
oraz w sklepach wielkopowierzchniowych.
Specyfika ich pracy sprawia, że przed projektantami stoi niełatwe zadanie: muszą stworzyć
konstrukcję, która będzie nie tylko bezpieczna
i ekonomiczna, ale także możliwie najbardziej
elastyczna podczas użytkowania. Wszystko to
sprawia, że badania eksperymentalne są nierozerwalną częścią procesu projektowego.
Obszarowe i punktowe sposoby regeneracji
tkanki miejskiej na przykładzie Łodzi
Authors: Warsza Robert , Tomczak Anna Aneta
Published: October 2021

Ostatnia dekada przyniosła
Łodzi wielką rewolucję przestrzenną. Miasto
stało się liderem rewitalizacji w Polsce, a mnogość zastosowanych rozwiązań może służyć
jako dobry i zły przykład dla innych samorządów czy organizacji. Działania te można podzielić na proste i złożone, punktowe i obszarowe, publiczne i prywatne. Ich celem jest podnoszenie jakości życia, pobudzanie świadomości wartości lokalnych, poprawa samodzielności ekonomicznej wspólnot w tkance materialnej kontynuującej historyczną ciągłość
obszaru.
Określenie możliwości zwiększenia
izolacyjności akustycznej ścian z pustaków
styropianowych – ochrona przed hałasem
Authors: Jabłoński Marek , Wójcik Andrzej
Published: October 2021

Celem badań było określenie możliwości oraz wskazanie sposobu zwiększenia izolacyjności akustycznej ścian wewnętrznych i zewnętrznych wykonanych w technologii szalunku traconego ICF (ang. Insulated Concrete Forms) z pustaków styropianowych. Wykonano szereg badań doświadczalnych izolacyjności akustycznej modeli ścian z pustaków styropianowych z rdzeniem betonowym niemodyfikowanym oraz modyfikowanym różnymi dodatkami i ścian z dodatkowymi warstwami. Analiza wyników badań pozwala na stwierdzenie, że wprowadzenie wypełniaczy do betonu (perlit drobny, perlit gruby, guma drobna, guma gruba) nie powoduje wyraźnej poprawy izolacyjności akustycznej. Modyfikacje polegające na dodaniu warstw zewnętrznych w postaci płyt gipsowo-kartonowych nie prowadziły do poprawy izolacyjności akustycznej. W wielu przypadkach po modyfikacji rdzenia betonowego pojawiła się dodatkowa częstotliwość rezonansowa, co powodowało pogorszenie wskaźników izolacyjności akustycznej. Wyraźną poprawę własności akustycznej uzyskano dla ściany z dodatkowymi warstwami zewnętrznymi w postaci kratownicy drewnianej wypełnionej wełną mineralną.
Nieprawidłowości występujące
w zewnętrznych elementach budynków
wielkopłytowych oraz sposoby ich naprawy
w ramach prawidłowej działalności
remontowo-użytkowej
Authors: Kanoniczak Marcin , Knyziak Piotr
Published: October 2021

W artykule poruszono temat potencjalnych skutków braku właściwej polityki remontowej dla budynków wykonanych
w technologii prefabrykowanej wielkopłytowej. Zwrócono uwagę na słabe miejsca w tego typu
obiektach oraz na problem niewłaściwie przeprowadzonych robót renowacyjnych lub ich
niewykonywania przez długi czas. Przedstawiono przykłady zewnętrznych elementów budynku wykazujących oznaki zniszczenia.
Ocena nośności pali CFA z podstawą poszerzoną metodą iniekcji strumieniowej
na budowie drogi ekspresowej S6
Authors: Szymankiewicz Czesław , Rafalski Leszek , Głowacki Paweł , Jachacy Andrzej
Published: October 2021

W artykule przedstawiono wyniki badań pali CFA z podstawą poszerzoną metodą iniekcji strumieniowej, wykonanych podczas budowy obiektów mostowych drogi ekspresowej S6 na odcinku Kiełpino – Kołobrzeg. Wykonano badania 15 pali i na podstawie tych badań oceniono nośność obliczeniową oraz graniczną pali, które porównano
z obciążeniem obliczeniowym według projektu.
Z przeprowadzonych badań wynikało, że średnia wartość wskaźnika nośności obliczeniowej pali na podstawie przeprowadzonych badań wyniosła 1,08. Trzy pale usytuowane w lewej części podpory A w obiekcie MS-74 charakteryzowały się mniejszą nośnością obliczeniową na podstawie badania w porównaniu do obciążenia obliczeniowego według projektu. Na podstawie badań sondą CPT stwierdzono, że grunty w tym miejscu charakteryzowały się słabszymi parametrami geotechnicznymi niż wynikało z wcześniejszych badań. Z tego powodu we wszystkich palach lewej części tej podpory wykonano pod podstawami pali metodą iniekcji strumieniowej dodatkowe kolumny z cementogruntu, co spowodowało istotne zwiększenie nośności tych pali.
Preface
Authors: Robbins Schug Gwen , Halcrow Siân
Published: October 2021

Preface to Volume 5, Number 1 of Bioarchaeology International
Lifestyle Factors and Obesity
Authors: Mihaela Hâncu Anca
Published: October 2021

Obesity, with growing prevalence around the world, is a disease and a major risk factor for noncommunicable diseases and death. Lifestyle medicine integrates modern lifestyle practices with scientific evidence-based medicine in order to lower risk factors for chronic diseases and to support therapy if the disease is already present. Considering adiposity-based chronic disease conceptual model and new abdominal obesity classification, this article intends to describe healthy lifestyle pillars that must be considered in obesity prevention and treatment. Right nutrition, regular physical activity, optimal sleep, moderation in alcohol consumption, absence of smoking, and mindfulness should be considered in the effort to prevent and treat obesity. Doctor-patient partnership, patient empowerment, and doctor as a role model will complete the basic principle of lifestyle medicine.
Enhanced Abdominal Contouring
Authors: R. Kleban Shawna , Bharti Gaurav , G. Kortesis Bill
Published: October 2021

This chapter will discuss the various energy-based modalities that are available to optimize circumferential trunk liposuction to enhance patient results. We will discuss multimodal liposuction using power assisted liposuction, ultrasonic energy addition, as well as radiofrequency assisted modalities to achieve adipose reduction and concurrent skin and soft tissue contraction. An in-depth look at patient selection and intraoperative technique will be presented. The postoperative management for each modality will be discussed in detail, including expected results from each modality and potential complications and their ensuing management. We will also discuss the application of different modalities alone and in combination to achieve superior results.
Taxonomic revision of the Deltohyboma Lane, 1946 gilli species group (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae: Deltochilum)
Authors: González-Alvarado Arturo , Vaz-de-Mello Fernando Z.
Published: October 2021

The dung beetles belonging to the genus Deltochilum Eschscholtz, 1822 are widely distributed in the Neotropical region. This genus is divided into eight subgenera, of these, the subgenus Deltohyboma Lane, 1946 is the most diverse, with an estimated 212 species. The most recent revision of Deltohyboma divided the subgenus into 19 species group. Here, taxonomy of the gilli species group is revised. Four new species (D. jocelynae sp. nov., D. nonstriatum sp. nov., D. quasistriatum sp. nov. and D. tenuistriatum sp. nov.) are described, making a total of five species within the species group. Keys for species identification and habitus as well as male genitalia morphology are illustrated.
Priority Assessment of Key Factors of IMO-MSC/Circular.834 for Ship Engine Room Safety and Efficiency Based on Human Aspects
Authors: Ölmez Hasan , Bastürk Selim , Çolak Köksal
Published: October 2021

International Maritime Organization (IMO) has published technical circular (MSC/Circular. 834) including nonmandatory guidelines with five main criteria about engine room layout, design, and arrangement. The purpose of this study is to present the most important priority criteria of seafarers about engine room design according to the criteria from IMO MSC/Circular.834 guidelines. Since there are no obligations, the priority and importance of these criteria are not clearly emphasized. Therefore, the determination of seafarers’ priorities for arrangement in terms of safety and efficiency become important to make decision. For this, fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) technique, which is one of the most used fuzzy Multiple Criteria Decision Making (MCDM)methods is employed.

Introduction

Maritime transportation, known for oldest and widespread transportation around the world, with 11 billion tons weight and 80% rate of world trade volume (UNCTAD 2019). Maritime transportation has many components and one of the most important and effective parts of these components are ships and seafarers. Because of the difficulty of ship conditions, ships should be present optimum working conditions for seafarers in order to achieve effective and safe operations on board. At the present time, there are previous studies about the difficulty of working studies on board. It is a scientific and cultural fact that seafarers are under higher risk of working conditions comparing to other jobs (Bloor et al. 2000; Havold 2005; Hetherington et al. 2006; Mallam et al. 2015). Due to this reason, International Maritime Organization (IMO) has made various regulations for years in order to improve seafarers’ safety and efficiency on board. One of the goals of these regulations is to design optimum working conditions on board for seafarers. Based on complex structure and having various danger conditions, engine room design is considerable to ensure safety and efficiency for engine room department seafarers.
Contribution of Estonian Architect Karl Tarvas (1885–1975), a Graduate of Riga Polytechnic Institute, to Estonian Housing During the Interwar Period
Authors: Mälk Sandra
Published: October 2021

Riga Polytechnicum (RP) / Riga Polytechnic Institute (RPI) was the only higher education institution in the territory of the present Baltic States where it was possible to obtain higher technical education in the 19th century and early 20th century. Well-known Estonian architects, engineers and industrialists also studied there. Karl Tarvas (1885–1975), a famous Estonian architect, studied at RPI from 1906 to 1915. His creative heritage significantly influenced and shaped the architecture of Tallinn and its suburbs in the 1920s and 1940s. During the Interwar period in the Republic of Estonia, K. Tarvas deliberately chose to improve the living conditions of the less affluent population by designing standard wooden buildings, which we now know as the Tallinn House (Estonian: Tallinna maja). This research provides an insight into the study years of K. Tarvas and critically evaluates his professional activity. K. Tarvas was one of the founders of Riga Estonian Students’ Society (Estonian: Riia Eesti Üliõpilaste Selts; REÜS) established in 1909, which united Estonian students at RPI. He also was among the creators of the Estonian Association of Architects (Estonian: Eesti Arhitektide Ühing) in 1921. His three sons Paul, Peeter and Pärtel also chose the profession of an architect, Peeter Tarvas (1916–1987) was the most prominent of the three.
Valerijs Bitenieks – From a Student of Riga Polytechnic Institute to a Construction Contractor in the Independent Latvia
Authors: Lanka Ērika
Published: October 2021

A paper on Valerijs Bitenieks, a graduate (1986) of the Faculty of Architecture and Civil Engineering of Riga Polytechnic Institute (RPI), reflects on the daily life of the Soviet students in the 1980s, the work of a young engineer while he was trying various opportunities in the labour market and the engineer’s growth as a successful contractor in the independent Latvia in the 21st century. It traces the life of V. Bitenieks from his childhood to the present day, paying attention to his professional activities. The research provides an insight into students’ internships and extracurricular activities during the Soviet era. Unpublished photographic material unknown to the general public has been obtained.
Effect of SARS-CoV-2 infection on host competing endogenous RNA and miRNA network
Authors: Ari Yuka Selcen , Yilmaz Alper
Published: October 2021

Competing endogenous RNAs (ceRNA) play a crucial role in cell functions. Computational methods that provide large-scale analysis of the interactions between miRNAs and their competitive targets can contribute to the understanding of ceRNA regulations and critical regulatory functions. Recent reports showed that viral RNAs can compete with host RNAs against host miRNAs. Regarding SARS-CoV-2 RNA, no comprehensive study had been reported about its competition with cellular ceRNAs. In this study, for the first time, we used the ceRNAnetsim package to assess ceRNA network effects per individual cell and competitive behavior of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in the infected cells using single-cell sequencing data. Our computations identified 195 genes and 29 miRNAs which vary in competitive behavior specifically in presence of SARS-CoV-2 RNA. We also investigated 18 genes that are affected by genes that lost perturbation ability in presence of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in the human miRNA:ceRNA network. These transcripts have associations with COVID-19-related symptoms as well as many dysfunctions such as metabolic diseases, carcinomas, heart failure. Our results showed that the effects of the SARS-CoV-2 genome on host ceRNA interactions and consequent dysfunctions can be explained by competition among various miRNA targets. Our perturbation ability perspective has the potential to reveal yet to be discovered SARS-CoV-2 induced effects invisible to conventional approaches.
Research on Endpoint Detection Algorithm in High Altitude Explosion Point Location Technology
Authors: Wang Yafei , Bin Wen
Published: October 2021

Aiming at the problem of inadequate positioning accuracy of sound endpoints by the dual-element single-threshold endpoint detection algorithm and the single-element dual-threshold endpoint detection algorithm in the process of locating the sound source of weather modification bombs at high altitudes during artificial weather modification, a multi-element dual threshold endpoint detection algorithm. First, according to the characteristics of high-altitude explosion of weather modification bombs and ground reception, the sound signal is filtered and denoised, divided into frames, and windowed. Then, the time-domain feature short-term energy, short-term zero-crossing rate and frequency domain feature short-term information entropy of each frame of the sound signal are calculated, and double thresholds are set for detection. In this way, the start and end points of the explosion sound in the collected sound signal are found, and the data is imported into the positioning algorithm for processing, and then the explosion point of the weather modification bombs in the high air is located. The test results show that the method can accurately distinguish the end point of effective explosion sound, and has practical application value for the location of the sound source of the high-altitude explosion point of the weather modification bombs.
Evaluación del score de calcio coronario y valvular aórtico mediante TC de tórax no gatillada de baja dosis
Authors: Rodríguez Granillo Gastón , Cerón Marcos , Fontana Lucía , Di Luca Pablo , Ingino Carlos , Rubilar Alejandra , Lylyk Pedro
Published: October 2021

Introducción: El score de calcio coronario (SCC) es una herramienta de prevención subutilizada, en parte debido a su elevado costo, que no debería diferir del de una tomografía computarizada (TC) de tórax. El SCC puede ser evaluado mediante una TC de tórax convencional, generalmente utilizando escalas visuales o semicuantitativas, y con valor pronóstico similar al gatillado. Material y métodos: En este estudio observacional retrospectivo, incluimos pacientes (n = 35) en quienes se realizó dentro de la misma internación una TC de tórax no gatillada de baja dosis y un SCC gatillado. Resultados: Identificamos una buena concordancia entre los métodos tanto en su valoración cualitativa como cuantitativa, con una media de 3,86 ± 0,7 segmentos con calcificaciones arteriales coronarias mediante SCC gatillado, comparado con 3,79 ± 0,6 segmentos mediante TC de tórax no gatillada de baja dosis (coeficiente de correlación de concordancia 0,98 [IC 95% 0,95-0,99]) y una subestimación del SCC evaluado mediante unidades Agatston del 9,8%. Conclusión: En este estudio, demostramos que el SCC podría ser evaluado con precisión de forma tanto cualitativa como cuantitativa mediante estudios de TC de tórax no gatillada de baja dosis.
Cuantificación automática de los volúmenes y función de ambos ventrículos en resonancia cardíaca. Propuesta y evaluación de un método de inteligencia artificial
Authors: Curiale Ariel H. , Calandrelli Matías E. , Dellazoppa Lucca , Trevisán Mariano , Bocián Jorge Luis , Bonifacio Juan Pablo , Mato Germán
Published: October 2021

Introducción: Las técnicas de inteligencia artificial han demostrado tener un gran potencial en el área de la cardiología, especialmente para cuantificar la función cardíaca de ambos ventrículos, volumen, masa y fracción de eyección (FE). Sin embargo, su aplicación en la clínica no es directa, entre otros motivos por la poca reproducibilidad frente a casos de la práctica diaria. Objetivos: Propuesta y evaluación de una nueva herramienta de inteligencia artificial para cuantificar la función cardíaca de ambos ventrículos (volumen, masa y FE). Estudiar su robustez para su uso en la clínica y analizar los tiempos de cómputo respecto a los métodos convencionales. Materiales y métodos: Se analizaron en total 189 pacientes, 89 de un centro regional y 100 de un centro público. El método propuesto utiliza dos redes convolucionales incorporando información anatómica del corazón para reducir los errores de clasificación. Resultados: Se observa una alta concordancia (coeficiente de Pearson) entre la cuantificación manual y la propuesta para cuantificar la función cardíaca (0,98, 0,92, 0,96 y 0,8 para los volúmenes y para la FE de ambos ventrículos) en tiempos cercanos a los 5 seg. por estudio. Conclusiones: El método propuesto permite cuantificar los volúmenes y función de ambos ventrículos en segundos con una precisión comparable a la de un especialista.
Фукалит и его цементные друзья, "Природа"
Authors: Расцветаева Р.К.
Published: October 2021

Гидросиликаты кальция (CSH) широко распространены в природе и представляют особый интерес для цементной промышленности. Кристалло-химическое разнообразие членов семейства CSH обусловлено вариациями отношения Ca/Si и топологически различными структурными фрагментами. Ca-полиэдры (октаэдры, 7- и 8-вершинники) могут группироваться в колонки и слои разных типов, а объединяющие их Si-радикалы варьируют от изолированных тетраэдров, островных димеров, тримеров и гексамеров до протяженных группировок — линейных и слоистых. Мы выполнили рентгеноструктурное исследование цементного гидросиликата фукалита и сравнили его структуру со структурами минералов CSH-семейства, cодержащих цепочечные и слоистые фрагменты из Si-тетраэдров.
150-летие Севастопольской биологической станции — Института биологии южных морей имени А.О.Ковалевского РАН, "Природа"
Authors: Горбунов Р.В. , Чесалин М.В.
Published: October 2021

В статье в хронологическом порядке представлена краткая история образования и развития первой в России и одной из первых в мире морской биологической станции (СБС), которая была создана в 1871 г. в Севастополе замечательными учеными нашего отечества. В 1963 г. она была реорганизована в Институт биологии южных морей (ИнБЮМ). На основе обобщения материала по истории СБС—ИнБЮМ выделены основные этапы развития института. Статья отражает роль руководителей и ведущих ученых в формировании новых направлений фундаментальных и прикладных исследований и их крупнейшие достижения. Описывается история становления экспедиционных работ и исследовательского флота СБС—ИнБЮМ. Показано значение накопленного научного потенциала для дальнейшего развития морских исследований и технологий в Федеральном исследовательском центре «Институт биологии южных морей имени А.О.Ковалевского РАН» и в других учреждениях юга России.
И еще раз о площади Камчатки, "Природа"
Authors: Быкасов В.Е.
Published: October 2021

Анализ справочников и специальной географической литературы показывает, что при определении площади п-ова Камчатка примерно на равных фигурируют два числа: 370 и 270 тыс. км2. Несложная по затратам времени и усилий методология определения площадей способом квадратов или взвешиванием вырезанных контуров убеждает, что измеренная при этом площадь полуострова очень близка (с точностью ±2–3 тыс. км) к 270 тыс. км. А это означает, что ошибочная (370 тыс. км) оценка вкралась в такие авторитетные издания, как «Большая Советская энциклопедия», в изданные на ее основе энциклопедические географические словари, а затем и в новую «Большую Российскую энциклопедию».
ВЕТРОЭНЕРГЕТИКА РОССИИ, "Энергия: экономика, техника, экология"
Authors: Бутузов В.А. , БЕЗРУКИХ П.П. , Грибков С.В.
Published: October 2021

Представлен анализ 100-летнего развития отечественных научных школ, реализации их концепций, основные конструкции ВЭУ.
ИССЛЕДОВАНИЕ ОСОБЕННОСТЕЙ ФОРМИРОВАНИЯ ИМПУЛЬСНЫХ ОТКЛИКОВ В ПОДВОДНЫХ ЗВУКОВЫХ КАНАЛАХ ПРИ ДАЛЬНЕМ РАСПРОСТРАНЕНИИ ШИРОКОПОЛОСНЫХ СИГНАЛОВ, "Фундаментальная и прикладная гидрофизика"
Authors: Буренин А.В. , Войтенко Е.А. , Лебедев М.С. , Моргунов Ю.Н. , Тагильцев А.А.
Published: October 2021

Приведены результаты экспериментальных и теоретических исследований по распространению и приему в подводных звуковых каналах широкополосных импульсных сигналов на основе псевдослучайных последовательностей. Анализ экспериментально полученных импульсных характеристик указывает на наличие предпосылок для повышения помехоустойчивости приема навигационных и командных сигналов, а также увеличения дальности действия при неизменной мощности излучения. Цель специально выполненных экспериментальных работ заключалась в получении исходных данных для повышения эффективности навигационных систем дальнего радиуса действия путем оптимизации характеристик излучаемых сигналов. Исследованы особенности формирования импульсных откликов при приеме сигналов с различной частотной полосой и длительностью символов, а также динамика структуры откликов при смещениях глубины приёмного гидрофона относительно оси подводных звуковых каналов. На основе лучевых представлений осуществлена физическая интерпретация полученных экспериментальных результатов для практического применения в решении актуальных задач гидроакустики и океанологии.