bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Introductory Information for Therapists
Authors: Gallagher-Thompson Dolores , Thompson Larry W.
Published: June 2017

This chapter presents introductory information for therapists on this cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) program for depression in late life, including diagnostic criteria for depression, development of this treatment program and evidence base, recommendations for program implementation, the CBT model of depression in the elderly, risks and benefits of the treatment program, alternative treatments, and an online of the treatment program itself.
Module 3: Doing Tools
Authors: Gallagher-Thompson Dolores , Thompson Larry W.
Published: June 2017

This chapter describes the third module of CBT for late-life depression, which focuses on activity tools, including behavioral activation, activity monitoring, activity scheduling, the importance of pleasant activities, the California Older Person’s Pleasant Events Schedule (COPPES), and graphing the relationship between pleasant events and mood, as well as problem-solving steps and techniques.
Information About Adult ADHD
Authors: Safren Steven A. , Sprich Susan E. , Perlman Carol A. , Otto Michael W.
Published: June 2017

This introductory chapter provides psychoeducation about ADHD and how it manifests in adults. The symptoms of ADHD are described. The cognitive-behavioral model of adult ADHD is presented. The chapter explains why adults sometimes need additional therapy, even if they have been treated with medication for ADHD. Attention is paid to debunking some myths about ADHD, such that individuals with ADHD are lazy or unintelligent.
Overview of This Treatment Program for ADHD in Adulthood
Authors: Safren Steven A. , Sprich Susan E. , Perlman Carol A. , Otto Michael W.
Published: June 2017

This chapter provides an overview of the treatment program for adults with ADHD. Background information is supplied on how this cognitive-behavioral program was developed. The supporting research studies for the treatment program are described. The three modules of the program are outlined. After reading this chapter, clients should have a good idea about what the program will involve.
Organizational Systems
Authors: Safren Steven A. , Sprich Susan E. , Perlman Carol A. , Otto Michael W.
Published: June 2017

This chapter covers how therapists can help clients with ADHD to develop organizational systems. Information is presented on how to help clients develop a system for sorting mail, reducing the chance that important mail and bills will be misplaced. Worksheet 2: Steps for Sorting Mail and Worksheet 3: Developing an Organizational System are introduced. The chapter discusses how to develop systems for other items that might be problematic for the client with ADHD, including papers, electronic files, emails, and household items. A case vignette is provided to illustrate the techniques.
Modifying the Environment
Authors: Safren Steven A. , Sprich Susan E. , Perlman Carol A. , Otto Michael W.
Published: June 2017

This chapter focuses on more ways in which the therapist can help clients with ADHD to reduce distractibility. Clients are instructed to identify distractions in their work environment and then to modify the environment accordingly. The therapist stresses the importance of keeping track of important objects such as keys, wallet, and phone, and teaches the client how to set up organizational systems to help with this. Clients should use periodic reminders such as alarms to check in and see if they are on track or if they have gotten distracted. A case vignette illustrates ways to modify the client’s environment to minimize distractions.
Adaptive Thinking
Authors: Safren Steven A. , Sprich Susan E. , Perlman Carol A. , Otto Michael W.
Published: June 2017

This chapter continues the discussion of the cognitive component of treatment for ADHD introduced in Chapter 8. It includes instructions for the therapist regarding how to review thought records with clients. Therapists can use a coaching story to contrast positive and negative ways of thinking. Therapists learn information about helping clients learn adaptive thinking, which involves formulating helpful rational responses to use in place of negative automatic thoughts. A case vignette illustrates how clients can begin putting these cognitive restructuring techniques into place.
Understanding the Child’s Firesetting
Authors: Kolko David J. , Vernberg Eric M.
Published: June 2017

This chapter deals with understanding a child’s firesetting, an essential element for the practitioner in planning how to address the issue for a particular child. It discusses how to introduce the purpose of working with the child (to reduce the risk of the child getting hurt by firesetting, or hurting others). It further describes methods to evaluate the child’s general capacity for self-reflection. The chapter indicates useful tools for gathering the facts of a firesetting incident, as well as eliciting the child’s feelings about it. The main tool described is a graph, which indicates the factual elements of the firesetting incident and the child’s feelings at various points during the incident. The rationale for making the graph is discussed, as well as procedures to elicit details for the graph and follow-up discussion for clarification.
Basic Parent Management Skills: Using Consequences to Correct Problem Behavior
Authors: Kolko David J. , Vernberg Eric M.
Published: June 2017

This chapter reviews parenting techniques and provides and in depth discussion of the parent’s use of consequences to the child’s behavior. It teaches how to identify problem behaviors and desired behaviors, and provides the use of point systems as a way to improve child behavior. Topics covered include ensuring consequences are logical and suitable; removing a reward or privilege; and making restitution to another person after causing that person to suffer a loss or an injury, particularly by misuse of fire. There is a discussion of a home management (consequence) program, including a rationale for combining positive and problem behaviors in one program. Forms and worksheets from the appendix are used for parents to learn and review the concepts discussed. Potential problems to home practice are addressed.
Is Private Practice for You?
Authors: Barnett Jeffrey E. , Zimmerman Jeffrey
Published: June 2017

This chapter provides useful guidance on the nature and characteristics of private practice in the mental health professions. Unique features of the private practice setting, differences from other practice settings, and the personal characteristics the practitioner needs to be happy and successful in private practice are discussed. Essential features of private practice are explained, the roles a private practitioner will serve in are reviewed, and different practice models and options for the business entrepreneur are described. Pros and cons of private practice are reviewed to assist the reader in making an informed decision about the appropriateness of choosing a career as a private practitioner. Recommendations are provided for what one may do while in graduate school and after graduation to prepare to be a successful private practitioner. Resources and suggested readings are provided to further educate the reader on private practice as a career option.
Startup Finances
Authors: Stout Chris E. , Wang Grace
Published: June 2017

This chapter discusses the costs and approaches to meeting the expenses involved in starting a private practice. Practical aspects of business management and budgeting are examined. These include what items to account for (e.g., rent, equipment, insurance, fees, retirement), differences in costs depending on the nature of one’s practice, reflections and advice from other entrepreneurs, and assessment of business viability. Both traditional (e.g., loans, personal savings, help from family or friends) and nontraditional (e.g., crowd funding) financing options are discussed. Essential and practical information about lender evaluation and the loan application process is offered as well.
Measuring Clinical Progress with the OQ-45 in a Private Practice Setting
Authors: Lambert Michael J.
Published: June 2017

This chapter makes a case for the value of tracking mental health functioning over the course of psychotherapy. The need for progress monitoring in psychotherapy arises from the fact that about 8% of clients worsen during treatment, and clinicians have a difficult time identifying such treatment failures. A tracking measure (Outcome Questionnaire-45 [OQ-45]) consisting of 45 self-report items used to rate symptoms, interpersonal problems, and social role dysfunction is described and recommended for use in private practice with adults. The consequences for clients identified as at-risk cases in several clinical trials are presented. The data show that by using these outcome measures, deterioration rates can be substantially reduced and positive outcomes are doubled.
Developing a Business Plan
Authors: Fairchild Jesse
Published: June 2017

To be successful, private practitioners must take a thoughtful approach to establishing and running their business. This chapter explains the valuable role that a well-thought-out business plan can play in a private practice. It outlines the elements of a business plan for a private practice and explains how thoughtful consideration of each can affect the viability and success of the business. The author discusses the importance of setting goals and using one’s guiding principles, vision statement, and mission statement when preparing all aspects of the business plan. This chapter reviews the basics of a business plan, including a marketing plan, an operational plan, and a financial plan, and provides real-world examples for developing each of these organizational building blocks.
Basic Bookkeeping and Accounting for the Private Practitioner
Authors: Zimmerman Jeffrey , Libby Diane V.
Published: June 2017

Running a practice with sound financial management practices is not as complex as many believe. The concepts require basic math skills and the establishment of an infrastructure that provides an awareness of what is happening financially in the business. Ways of approaching common business decisions about purchases, leases, managed care contracts, and accounts receivables are discussed. Basic bookkeeping and accounting systems are described. Common accounting terms and financial reports, such as profit and loss statements, are defined and described. Budgets, practice “dashboards” for consolidating practice data, and safeguards for loss prevention are described.
Opportunities and Challenges of Medicare
Authors: Rosett Amy S.
Published: June 2017

Medicare is the federal health insurance program for people aged 65 and older, and those with permanent disabilities, end-stage renal disease, or amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. This chapter details how the program is structured and the opportunities and challenges of being a Medicare provider. Federal law requires that all healthcare professionals who provide services to Medicare beneficiaries either enroll in Medicare or formally opt out of the program. Currently only psychologists and social workers are eligible to enroll. By enrolling, Medicare providers have numerous opportunities to conduct assessments, psychotherapy, and other clinical services with diverse patients in a wide range of settings. Most clinicians with a strong interest in geropsychology are Medicare providers. Nonetheless, Medicare has certain challenging rules, regulations, and expectations that are clarified (or explained) in this chapter (or something like that). The information in this chapter allows readers to make an informed decision to enroll in or opt out of Medicare that is in line with their clinical experiences and interests.
The Basics of Marketing Applied to Private Practice
Authors: Wallin Pauline
Published: June 2017

How a private practice is marketed is crucial for its financial success. This chapter summarizes misconceptions about marketing and presents a simple framework for marketing your practice. Topics covered include why you should not try to appeal to everyone, how to reach the types of people you want to work with, and how to communicate your value to them. Several online and offline marketing tools and activities are described: public education, your website, blogging, social media, community presentations, media commentary, and business cards. This chapter also explains the difference between marketing and advertising and provides suggestions for free and low-cost advertising, as well as how to track your return on investment in advertising.
Collaborating with the Educational Community
Authors: Mihalas Stephanie T. , Gottlieb Lev
Published: June 2017

This chapter on school collaboration uses a case study approach to highlight the four steps of the collaborative problem-solving model: problem identification, problem analysis, plan implementation, and plan evaluation. The authors explain how to use an interdisciplinary model for assessment and intervention as a private practitioner working in schools, with considerations of the client, family, teachers, and other school personnel. Ways to build an effective collaboration, such as identifying key stakeholders and developing rapport, are reviewed. Practical examples are provided from the different vantage points of the two authors. Barriers that may impede a successful union between school and private practice professionals, such as systemic and national variables, are also considered.
Managing High-Risk Suicidal Clients in Private Practice
Authors: Sung Jeffrey C. , Jobes David A.
Published: June 2017

Managing high-risk suicidal clients in private practice requires clinical skills to manage and treat suicide risk within a framework of care. This chapter reviews and recommends practices for the therapeutic assessment, initial management, and collaborative treatment of suicide risk. Management of suicide risk is differentiated from treatment of suicide risk. Guidelines are provided for ending care and avoiding abandonment under conditions that are noncollaborative. Other topics covered are management of malpractice liability, documentation of clinical work, and the importance of clarifying personal limits when working with suicidal clients. This chapter outlines decision-making principles for facilitating hospitalization and breaking confidentiality. With a set of skills for assessment, management, and treatment of suicide risk, the prepared practitioner can play a key role in clinically saving lives.
Issues in Planned and Unplanned Disruptions in Clinical Practice
Authors: Frankel A. Steven
Published: June 2017

Disruptions in clinical practice that are not adequately planned for can have a significant negative impact on clients, family members, and colleagues. This chapter addresses the problem of unanticipated disruptions in clinical practice due to death, disability, and illness. Challenges associated with each of these situations are illustrated. Proactive and thoughtful ways of preparing for them are presented. Topics include the professional will (with descriptions of needed elements), approaches involving groups of cooperative colleagues, and a “quasi-insurance model” that was developed because many mental health professionals have not embraced the first two approaches. Recommendations for addressing these situations with our clients’ best interests in mind are presented.
Assessment of Egg and Sperm Donors
Authors: Rodríguez Adam J.
Published: June 2017

The assessment of egg and sperm donors is an important area of niche practice for mental health professionals. With the appropriate training, mental health practitioners can offer these much-needed services to prospective parents who are using assisted reproductive technologies (ART) to deal with infertility. Due to the invasiveness of these procedures, as well as their physical and emotional ramifications, many clinics and hospitals require a psychological evaluation of any individual who provides egg donation or becomes a gestational carrier or surrogate. This chapter describes the details of this niche area of practice and how the author developed an interest in it. The author covers its joys and challenges, the business aspects of this area of practice, guidance on developing this niche area of practice, and resources to assist in this process.
Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy for Hoarding Disorder
Authors: Tompkins Michael A.
Published: June 2017

Hoarding disorder is a fascinating psychological problem. Because it is a low-insight condition, few individuals seek treatment for the condition. The author of this chapter encourages mental health professionals who wish to develop a niche practice in the treatment of hoarding disorder to broaden their expertise to include not only cognitive-behavioral therapy but also consultations to family members and to agencies who work with people who hoard; to develop or to participate on hoarding taskforces in their communities; and to educate communities by making presentations to organizations who may serve people who hoard. Guidance is provided on the training needed to enter this practice niche, the business aspects of this type of practice, and the joys and challenges of this work. Resources are provided for those interested in pursuing this niche area of practice.
Psychotherapy with College Students
Authors: Smook Rachel G.
Published: June 2017

Psychotherapy with college students and young adults is an important and dynamic niche practice option for mental health professionals. Young adults are navigating crucial human development tasks, and the range of mental health services they often require as they do so is varied and dynamic. Mental health professionals who choose to specialize with the college and young adult population can expect a steady stream of clients in need of services, and with appropriate training and marketing, it is possible to build a busy, successful practice around this clientele. This chapter describes the niche practice area of college and young adult mental health, the author’s history in training and working with this population, and the business and ethical challenges associated with a practice in young adult mental health. Guidance in developing a young adult mental health specialty niche and resources for doing so are also included.
Social Skills (Social Competence) Training for Children and Adolescents
Authors: Alvord Mary Karapetian , Berghorst Lisa H.
Published: June 2017

This chapter describes how to implement social competence group treatment for children and adolescents in a private practice setting. The authors outline key aspects of the Resilience Builder Program® (RBP), which has been integral to the growth and expansion of their group practice. The RBP uses a cognitive-behavioral framework and a comprehensive approach that incorporates self-regulation skills and emphasizes application and generalization across settings. The chapter describes the authors’ paths to this niche area of practice, related challenges and rewards, business aspects, and methods of development and implementation. Relevant resources are provided for those interested in pursuing a niche practice of social skills training.
Anticipatory feelings
Authors: MacLeod Andrew
Published: June 2017

Emotional states do not simply arise in response to events that have happened, but can arise when we think about what might happen in the future. These anticipatory affective states are mediated by distinct neural systems different from those involved in emotional responses to events as they occur. Hope and fear are the typical anticipatory feelings that arise in response to possibilities of future positive and negative events, respectively. Anticipatory feeling states are often quite subtle and elusive, but Chapter 5 reviews some of the attempts to measure these kinds of feeling states. The chapter also discusses the clinically important phenomenon of avoidance of emotions, including the idea that worry functions as a form of emotional avoidance.
Goals
Authors: MacLeod Andrew
Published: June 2017

Goals are desired future outcomes that we are willing to work towards and believe are possible to bring about. Chapter 7 reviews how goals link to mental health and well-being. Aspects covered include the content of the goals that people have, why they have them, whether the goals are about attaining new desired outcomes, or avoiding future outcomes that people do not want. How personally invested in their goals people are, and whether they disengage from goals that are not looking likely to be successful or develop a state of painful engagement with goals are also discussed in relation to well-being and mental health. Ways that goals might contribute to well-being are reviewed, including impact on anticipatory affect and satisfaction with progress, both of which are disrupted in depression.
Development of the IDAS and IDAS-II
Authors: Watson David , O’Hara Michael W.
Published: June 2017

This chapter describes the creation of an instrument providing comprehensive assessment of emotional disorder symptoms. The original Inventory of Depression and Anxiety Symptoms (IDAS) was created to address limitations associated with older measures of these disorders. The original IDAS contained symptom scales assessing depression (General Depression, Dysphoria, Suicidality, Lassitude, Insomnia, Appetite Loss, Appetite Gain), anxiety (Panic, Social Anxiety, Traumatic Intrusions), anger (Ill Temper), and positive mood (Well-Being). The Expanded Form of the IDAS (IDAS-II) subsequently was created to provide additional coverage of anxiety (Claustrophobia, Traumatic Avoidance), obsessive-compulsive (Checking, Ordering, Cleaning), and bipolar (Mania, Euphoria) symptoms. The IDAS-II scales are internally consistent and stable over short time intervals. Most scales show substantial elevations in clinical samples. Structural analyses of the IDAS-II scales reveal three underlying factors: distress, obsessions/fear, and positive mood. Finally, nationally representative norms are presented for the IDAS-II scales.
Toward a Comprehensive Symptom-Based Model of Psychopathology
Authors: Watson David , O’Hara Michael W.
Published: June 2017

This chapter reviews major findings reported in earlier chapters. First, previous findings confirm the existence of specific symptom dimensions that are highly robust and that show strong convergent and discriminant validity. Second, they establish the existence of multiple symptom dimensions within several disorders. Third, they demonstrate that these specific symptom dimensions have differential criterion validity, differential diagnostic specificity, and differential incremental validity. These symptom data can be used to improve various DSM diagnoses, such as major depression and posttraumatic stress disorder. More fundamentally, they provide the basis for a comprehensive symptom-based model of psychopathology. In addition to the IDAS-II, other instruments assess dimensions underlying sleep disorders, eating disorders, schizotypy, personality disorder, and hypochondriasis. These instruments jointly provide broad coverage of the 19 diagnostic classes contained in DSM-5. These measures support movement away from disorder-based models of psychopathology to ones focused on homogeneous symptom dimensions.
Why Suicide?
Authors: Kendrick Victoria , Holleran Lori , Hart David , Lockwood Dana , Vargo Tracy , Bongar Bruce
Published: June 2017

In today’s culture, suicide is predominantly viewed with a negative outlook, specifically, that suicidal behavior is a symptom of emotional disturbance or mental illness. However, throughout history suicide has not always been regarded as aversive, at times being considered a rational choice or an act that could restore one’s honor. With these differences in perspective, the reasons for suicide have varied throughout time and have transformed along with cultural norms and societal beliefs. This chapter focuses on the theoretical perspective of why people commit suicide, specifically looking from antiquity to the present day, and considers the lineages of suicide researchers who have influenced the theories and prevention techniques employed today.
Suicide Risk Assessment with Combat Veterans—Part II
Authors: Kleespies Phillip M. , Adler Abby , AhnAllen Christopher G.
Published: June 2017

The evidence for combat experience per se as a risk factor for suicide is reviewed in this chapter. The chapter discusses assessing the risk of suicide with combat veterans with a particular emphasis on suicide risk factors associated with combat-related PTSD. A controversy about whether combat-related PTSD actually is a risk factor for suicide is reviewed. In conducting a risk assessment with veterans, clinicians are encouraged to be sensitive to issues of particular relevance to veterans who have experienced combat. Finally, the chapter offers suggestions for the management of suicide risk, including comments on when and how suicidal patients can be managed on an outpatient basis and when an emergency intervention might be needed.
Evidence-Based Treatments for PTSD
Authors: Eftekhari Afsoon , Landes Sara J. , Bailey Katherine C. , Shin Hana J. , Ruzek Josef I.
Published: June 2017

Because suicide risk appears to be heightened with individuals who have posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), it is crucial that PTSD treatment providers assess for suicidal ideation and that, when mental health clinicians are working with a suicidal patient, they assess for PTSD. Evidence-based treatments for PTSD can significantly help those experiencing both PTSD and suicidality. Although co-occurring suicidality does not prohibit proceeding with these treatments, it does involve additional considerations in delivery of care. Good PTSD assessment involves both diagnostic interviewing and ongoing assessment via administration of self-report measures. A written safety plan should also be developed, actively engaging veterans and minimizing barriers to treatment. Once the decision is made to proceed with PTSD care, all treatments are implemented as usual with ongoing monitoring of suicidal ideation. Strong therapeutic rapport is a critical part of all evidence-based treatments for PTSD, as well as for effective response to suicide risk.
Application of Low-dose Stereoradiography in In Vivo Vertebral Morphologic Measurements: Comparison With Computed Tomography
Authors: Pasha Saba , Schlösser Tom , Zhu Xiaowei , Mellor Xochitl , Castelein René , Flynn John
Published: June 2017

Background:

Though computed tomography (CT) and 3 dimensional (3D) reconstruction of the spine and ribcage are powerful techniques for detailed monitoring of spinal growth and surgical planning of patients, drawbacks can arise. We explored the application of low-dose stereoradiography of the spine to calculate distinct morphologic parameters of the vertebral body in a juvenile patient population with early-onset scoliosis or congenital scoliosis. This study compares the 3D vertebral morphology measurements using low-dose stereoradiography with the currently accepted imaging modality for such measurements, CT scans.

Methods:

A total of 86 vertebrae of 6 patients with early-onset scoliosis and 3 patients with congenital scoliosis, age ranged between 7.8 and 12.5 years, who had both thoracic spine CT scan and low-dose stereoradiography of the spine were included. 3D reconstructions of CT and low-dose stereoradiography were generated. Using previously validated image processing techniques, vertebral anterior (A), posterior (P), left (L), and right (R) heights, superior and inferior endplates depth and width (S-D, I-D, S-W, I-W) were measured on the CTs’ 3D reconstructions and were compared with the same parameters measured on low-dose stereoradiography reconstructions using a postprocessing custom code. The agreement between the 2 techniques in measurement of the vertebral morphology was assessed using the Bland-Altman plots.

Results:

No significant difference was observed in the A, P, L, R, S-W, and I-W between the stereoradiography and CT measurements (P>0.05). S-D and I-D were significantly greater in low-dose stereoradiography measurements P<0.05. Bland-Altman plots showed an agreement between the stereoradiography and CT techniques in vertebral height measurements (A, P, L, R); however, larger measurement bias and greater limits of agreement in S-D, I-D, S-W, and I-W measurements were shown.

Conclusions:

In vivo measurements of the vertebral heights using low-dose stereoradiography 3D reconstructions were comparable with CT measurements except for the superior and inferior vertebral depths. The low-dose stereoradiography imaging modality and the postprocessing platform can be used for assessment of the vertebral heights and monitoring asymmetric growth in patients undergoing growth-sparing treatment except for the vertebral levels with congenital deformities.

Level of Evidence:

Level IV.
The Impact of Incident Disclosure Behaviors on Medical Malpractice Claims
Authors: Giraldo Priscila , Sato Luke , Castells Xavier
Published: June 2017

Objectives

To provide preliminary estimates of incident disclosure behaviors on medical malpractice claims.

Methods

We conducted a descriptive analysis of data on medical malpractice claims obtained from the Controlled Risk Insurance Company and Risk Management Foundation of Harvard Medical Institutions (Cambridge, Massachusetts) between 2012 and 2013 (n = 434). The characteristics of disclosure and apology after medical errors were analyzed.

Results

Of 434 medical malpractice claims, 4.6% (n = 20) medical errors had been disclosed to the patient at the time of the error, and 5.9% (n = 26) had been followed by disclosure and apology. The highest number of disclosed injuries occurred in 2011 (23.9%; n = 11) and 2012 (34.8%; n = 16). There was no incremental increase during the financial years studied (2012–2013). The mean age of informed patients was 52.96 years, 58.7 % of the patients were female, and 52.2% were inpatients. Of the disclosed errors, 26.1% led to an adverse reaction, and 17.4% were fatal. The cause of disclosed medical error was improper surgical performance in 17.4% (95% confidence interval, 6.4-28.4). Disclosed medical errors were classified as medium severity in 67.4%. No apology statement was issued in 54.5% of medical errors classified as high severity.

Conclusions

At the health-care centers studied, when a claim followed a medical error, providers infrequently disclosed medical errors or apologized to the patient or relatives. Most of the medical errors followed by disclosure and apology were classified as being of high and medium severity. No changes were detected in the volume of lawsuits over time.
Errors During Resuscitation: The Impact of Perceived Authority on Delivery of Care
Authors: Delaloye Nicole Jane , Tobler Kathy , O'Neill Thomas , Kotsakis Afrothite , Cooper Jessica , Bank Ilana , Gilfoyle Elaine
Published: June 2017

Objective

The aim of this study was to determine the influence of perceived authority on pediatric resuscitation teams' response to an incorrect order given by a medical superior.

Methods

As part of a larger multicenter prospective interventional study, interprofessional pediatric resuscitation teams (n = 48) participated in a video-recorded simulated resuscitation scenario with an infant in unstable, refractory supraventricular tachycardia. A confederate actor playing a senior physician entered the scenario partway through and ordered the incorrect dose and delivery method of the antiarrhythmic, procainamide. Video recordings were analyzed with a modified Advocacy Inquiry Scale, assessing the teams' ability to challenge the incorrect order, and a novel confederate hierarchical demeanor rating. The association between Advocacy Inquiry score and hierarchical demeanor rating, and whether or not the confederate's incorrect order was followed were determined.

Results

Fifty percent (n = 24) of resuscitation teams followed the confederate's incorrect order. The teams' ability to challenge the incorrect order (P < 0.0001) and confederate hierarchical demeanor rating (P < 0.05) were significantly associated with whether or not the incorrect order was followed. Significant differences between rates of following the incorrect order at different study sites were observed (P < 0.05).

Conclusions

The reluctance of resuscitation teams to appropriately challenge the incorrect order resulted in a high rate of inappropriate medication administration. The rate of teams following the incorrect order was significantly associated with poor challenging of the incorrect order and the hierarchical demeanor of the perceived authority figure. Institution-based factors may impact this rate of incorrect medication administration.
Analysis of financial close delay in PPP infrastructure projects in developing countries
Authors: Babatunde Solomon Olusola , Perera Srinath
Published: June 2017

Purpose

The presence of previous awarded public-private partnership (PPP) infrastructure projects that significantly delays reaching financial close constrain the likely success of new PPP projects. However, effort at investigating financial close delays of PPP projects through empirical studies by the research community received scant attention. Thus, the purpose of this paper is to identify and assess the factors causing delays in PPP projects from reaching financial close in developing countries.

Design/methodology/approach

The study adopted literature review and questionnaire survey. In order to capture a broad perception, a questionnaire survey was adopted, which was administered to three different primary stakeholder categories comprised public sector authorities (i.e. ministries, department, and agencies), concessionaires, and lenders/banks already involved in PPP infrastructure projects implementation in Nigeria. The data obtained were analysed using mean score, Kruskal-Wallis test, and factor analysis.

Findings

The study revealed the mean score ranking of 39 identified causes of financial close delays in PPP projects, and the mean score values for all the identified 39 causes of financial close delays are very high. The study, through factor analysis, categorised the 39 identified causes of financial close delays into eight principal factors. The factors are: decreased bankability of PPP projects; unstable economic policy; weak financial, technical, and managerial capabilities of the concessionaires; weak public institutions; lack of creditworthiness of both the project sponsors and active partner; unfavourable economy of the host country; weak legal and unfavourable environment; and high contingent liabilities, respectively.

Practical implications

The identification and evaluation of the factors delaying PPP projects development from reaching financial close in a reasonable time manner would be useful for PPP primary stakeholders to develop strategies to safeguard the present and future PPP projects implementation in developing countries.

Originality/value

The study findings would be useful for both policymakers considering PPP projects and private investors seeking to finance PPP projects in developing countries. This study is crucial as not many empirical studies have been conducted in developing countries.
The relationship of Muslims with non-Muslims based on the concept of muwālāt (loyalty) in the Qurʾān
Authors: Kanani Iman , Ahmadi Ramchahi Abdullatif , Zarasi Mohammad , Zulkifli Mohd Yusoff , Raja Yusof Raja Jamilah
Published: June 2017

Purpose

This paper aims to clarify the relationship between Muslims and non-Muslims in human society, based on the concept of muwālāt (commonly translated as “loyalty”) in the Qurʾān.

Design/methodology/approach

The present study follows a contextual and analytical methodology.

Findings

This paper concludes that muwālāt is not only ideological but can be contractual too. A historical study of the Prophet’s (PBUH) interaction with non-Muslims in Mecca and Medina illustrates that as long as non-Muslims did not behave treacherously or turn to violence, a peaceful relationship was established and alliances and coalitions were formed. And this paper concludes that the categorisation of previous Muslim scholars, which was is in terms of prohibited and permitted, is inappropriate.

Originality/value

This paper clarifies that the categorisation of previous Muslim scholars, which was in terms of prohibited and permitted, is inappropriate, and muwālāt is not only belongs to faith.
Reunion or disconnection? Emotional labor among individual roots tourists who are second-generation Chinese Americans
Authors: U. Maruyama Naho
Published: June 2017

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to illustrate the process of emotional work undertaken by Chinese Americans who independently visit their ancestral land without joining organized tours to define who they are and where they belong.

Design/methodology/approach

A qualitative approach was chosen, as few studies have investigated the experiences of individual roots tourists. Face-to-face, in-depth individual interviews were conducted with 25 Chinese American roots tourists. To analyze the data, a cross-case approach was used.

Findings

The interview narratives revealed that the interviewees have mixed feelings about being identified as Americans while they also made negative remarks about being identified as local Chinese. The close interaction with the locals emphasized, rather than blurred, the differences in language, political loyalty and economic status between the diaspora and local residents. The results show that Chinese Americans draw a clear boundary between themselves as “we” and locals as “they”.

Originality/value

This study explores the experiences of roots tourists who visit their ancestral land without joining an organized tour. This is a focus that has been lacking in the literature because past studies of roots tourism, particularly among second- and later-generation of immigrants, have predominantly focused on the experiences of those who join group tours to visit their ancestral country. The findings showed that similar to organized roots tourists, independent roots tourists experienced intense “emotional labor” in negotiating and making sense of competing identities, indicating that the social boundaries between the diaspora and local residents are enmeshed in their daily lives. This finding adds important knowledge to the literature on the tourism experiences of the diaspora, a growing segment of visiting friends and relatives market.
The asymmetric effect of portfolio and image abstractness
Authors: Stoner Jennifer L. , Torelli Carlos J. , Monga Alokparna Basu
Published: June 2017

Purpose

This research distinguishes between abstract brand concepts built through the development of diverse product portfolios (i.e. portfolio abstractness) and those built through establishing human-like images (i.e. image abstractness), and investigates the joint effect of the two types of brand abstractness on building brand equity.

Design/methodology/approach

The three studies presented use experimental design with participants in a laboratory setting and members of an online participant panel.

Findings

Three studies demonstrate that while building abstractness by expanding a brand’s product portfolio can generate favorable brand evaluations, this positive effect is marginal compared to when the brand is imbued with human-like characteristics. Furthermore, the favorable effects on brand equity because of abstractness associated with a human-like brand image are evident in protection from brand dilution in the face of negative publicity.

Research limitations/implications

The findings suggest that a consideration of different forms of abstractness is key to unlocking the complexities of understanding customer-based brand equity.

Practical implications

This research shows that although building abstractness through a diversified product portfolio or a symbolic, human-like brand image can favorably impact customer-based brand equity (i.e. attitudes and responses to negative publicity), the former strategy has a marginal effect compared to the latter.

Originality/value

This is the first research to conceptualize brand abstractness as stemming from broad portfolios or from human-like brand images. Additionally, it provides a holistic understanding of how these two forms of abstractness jointly influence brand evaluations and responses to negative publicity.
Thinking about students: a personal perspective
Authors: Scott Robert A.
Published: June 2017

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to reflect on undergraduate student education, consider how campuses can address student needs as reported by the Lumina Foundation project, and provide suggestions to campus leaders for ways in which they can place higher priority on meeting student needs.

Design/methodology/approach

This paper takes the form of a reflective essay.

Findings

The campus president should be the chief education officer as well as the chief executive officer.

Research limitations/implications

While this essay is based on a single president’s experiences, it provides new dimensions for assessing leadership.

Practical implications

This essay provides a way of setting criteria for presidential searches and for assessing presidential performance.

Social implications

This essay provides examples of how a president can add value to the campus setting and local community.

Originality/value

This is an original approach and an original piece of work that draws on my experience and talks on campus.
The art and science of attracting today’s next-gen workforce is digital by design
Authors: Grooms Jignasha Amin
Published: June 2017

Purpose

The digital transformation of talent acquisition is underway. In fact, for the global software company Epicor Software, it has been de facto standard for some time now and has been playing a vital role in helping fuel the company’s growth.

Design/methodology/approach

This is an opinion paper based on real-world experience and industry-related education.

Findings

The HR professional of today must master many skills in this area that are digital by design.

Originality/value

This is an original paper written for Strategic HR Review.
Refining Stable Oxygen and Hydrogen Isoscapes for the Identification of Human Remains in Mississippi,
Authors: Warner Monica M. , Plemons Amber M. , Herrmann Nicholas P. , Regan Laura A.
Published: June 2017

Isoscape refinement is an essential component for accurately predicting region‐of‐origin in forensic investigations involving isotope analysis of unidentified human remains. Stable oxygen (δ18O) and hydrogen (δ2H) isotopes were measured from 57 tap water samples collected across Mississippi to model refined isoscapes for the state. A tap water conversion equation, δ18Otw=1.64 δ18Op−31.35, was developed for the southeastern USA to test the prediction accuracy of the δ18Otw isoscape using individuals with known residential histories. A local Mississippi resident (USAFA‐134) was assigned with 90% probability to the correct region‐of‐origin reported by the participant. Assignments for Georgia residents (USAFA‐118 and USAFA‐205) had variable results, predicting USAFA‐118 from Mississippi and USAFA‐205 as a nonlocal resident. Stable isotope values often overlap geographically and a multi‐isotope approach should be used when narrowing region(s)‐of‐origin(s). This study demonstrates the utility of refining isoscapes and the importance of tissue calibration in prediction assignments of human remains.
The Dark Side of China's Economic Rise
Authors: Wuttke Jörg
Published: June 2017

Since China acceded to the World Trade Organisation (WTO) in 2001, the country's importance to and impact on the global economy has expanded rapidly. This has been particularly notable since the global financial crisis in 2008. While this has created new opportunities and benefits for Europe, it has also brought with it important new challenges. One such challenge is the impact of industrial overcapacity in industries like steel that have resulted from the allocation of capital on non‐commercial terms. Going forward the China Manufacturing 2025 (CM2025) initiative that was announced in 2015 is another. The latter represents an attempt by the Chinese authorities to maintain a position as ‘masters’ of China's economy instead of allowing the market to drive innovation and industrial upgrading. Since CM2025 also allocates capital on non‐commercial terms, including through subsidies and government‐backed investment funds, there is a risk that it will lead to overcapacity in advanced industries of importance to China's economy. This concern is further exacerbated by the fact that as Chinese investment rapidly expands in Europe, the authorities continue to deny European business reciprocity in the Chinese market.
Resveratrol and polydatin as modulators of Ca2+mobilization in the cardiovascular system
Authors: Liu Wenjuan , Chen Peiya , Deng Jianxin , Lv Jingzhang , Liu Jie
Published: June 2017

In the cardiovascular system, Ca2+controls cardiac excitation–contraction coupling and vascular contraction and dilation. Disturbances in intracellular Ca2+homeostasis induce malfunctions of the cardiovascular system, including cardiac pump dysfunction, arrhythmia, remodeling, and apoptosis, as well as hypertension and impairment of vascular reactivity. Therefore, developing drugs and strategies manipulating Ca2+handling are highly valued in the treatment of cardiovascular disease. Resveratrol (Res) and polydatin (PD), a Res glucoside, have been well established to have beneficial effects on improving cardiovascular function. Studies from our laboratory and others have demonstrated that they exhibit inotropic effects on normal heart and therapeutic effects on hypertension, cardiac ischemia/reperfusion injury, hypertrophy, and heart failure by manipulating Ca2+mobilization. The actions of Res and PD on Ca2+signals delicately manipulated by multiple Ca2+‐handling proteins are pleiotropic and somewhat controversial, depending on cellular species and intracellular oxidative status. Here, we focus on the effects of Res and PD on controlling Ca2+homeostasis in the heart and vasculature under normal and diseased conditions and highlight the key direct and indirect molecules mediating these effects.
Catch‐up cycle: A general equilibrium framework
Authors: Liu Peilin , Jia Shen , Zhang Xun
Published: June 2017

Successful latecomers have certain stylized facts: an inverse U‐shaped GDP and capital per capita growth rates, high growth rates during the catch‐up period, and rapid structural changes. This paper proposes a general equilibrium framework and documents a catch‐up cycle that successful latecomers are likely to experience. Technology adoption or imitation and the diminishing marginal return to capital are the two driving forces of the catch‐up cycle. Technical gap and speed/efficiency of technical catching‐up are two fundamental determinants for successful catching‐up. Market competition, a beneficial financial system for resource allocation and openness are essential factors associated with speed/efficiency of technical catching‐up and thus with successful catching‐up. This paper concludes by a case study of China and sheds light on the different policy choices in various stages of the catch‐up cycle.