bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Analysis of upper and lower limb movement in infants in response to optic flow - preliminary research
Authors: Pawlak-Andryszczyk Żaneta , Andryszczyk Marek , Topoliński Tomasz , Sobieska Magdalena
Published: November 2022

Introduction: optic flow is studied in many scientific areas such as automation, robotics, biomechanics and neuropsychology. People who are not visually impaired use this mechanism to move around, usually without realising its complexity. It consists of information provided by the sense of sight and analysed in the central nervous system about the speed and direction of a moving object and the direction and amplitude of the angular and linear components of one's body. However, little is known about how this mechanism develops in the young child.

Objective: Observation of upper and lower limb movement in infants between 4 and 12 weeks. of age under the influence of optic flow stimulation as a stimulus. Development of an optimal test protocol and adaptation of the author's research station.

Material and method: 16 infants aged from 4 to 12 weeks were initially invited to the study, of which 14 infants were finally included in the study group. The motor response test consisted of two stages. Stage I (static trial): the stimulus was a stationary black and white chessboard pattern; stage II (dynamic trial): the chessboard pattern moved toward the child at a speed of 0.17m/s. Cameras recorded the test in both stages.

Results: the children showed increased limb movement under the influence of optical flow (test stage II: dynamic test) compared to stimulation with a fixed pattern (test stage I: static test).

Conclusions: a response to dynamic versus static stimuli was observed in 11 of 14 children, but testing in one-month-olds is unreliable due to poor head control.
Application of Remote Sensing Data in Crop Yield and Quality: Systematic Literature Review
Authors: Čorňák Anton , Delina Radoslav
Published: November 2022

Purpose: Covering current state of the art in the field of application of remotely sensed data in crop quality improvement.
Methodology/Approach: Systematic literature review using novel text mining techniques.
Findings: Relevance of topic, measured by number of relevant studies, is rising, best performing input data types and modelling techniques are identified.
Research Limitation/Implication: Review to a certain point of time in a rapidly evolving field of research.
Originality/Value of paper: There was no similar review article on the topic at the time of conducting this research.
Emergence of Product and Service Innovations of Different Level of Novelty in Knowledge Intensive SMEs: The Role of Open Innovation Patterns
Authors: Hrivnák Michal
Published: November 2022

Purpose: The aim of the contribution is to evaluate the importance of domestic and foreign collaborative ties between knowledge-intensive SMEs and knowledge sources for the creation of product and service innovations which we differentiate according to the spatial level of novelty.
Methodology/Approach: In order to test the validity of the hypotheses which were justified in the context of previous research we adopt an econometric approach and specifically, due to the nature of the dependent variable, the logistic regression.
Findings: The results support the hypotheses that the determinants of innovation in SMEs vary in case of innovations with different level of novelty. Open innovation practices are crucial rather for SMEs delivering innovations of products and services novel on national and international markets.
Research Limitation/Implication: The research does not reflect the frequency of innovative products and services at the enterprise level as well as the impact of new products and services on turnover.
Originality/Value of paper: In particular, the study brings new insights into the determinants of product innovation of a lower degree of novelty applied in local and regional markets which can be an important source of development for low-density economies.
Kornel Ujejski jako tłumacz pianistycznych interpretacji Leonii Wildowej. Wokół Marsza pogrzebowego z cyklu Tłumaczeń Szopena
Authors: Korczyńska Klaudia
Published: November 2022

Kornel Ujejski as a Translator of the Piano Interpretations by Leonia Wild: On “The Funeral March” from the Cycle Translations of Chopin The aim of this article is to analyse the influence which Kornel Ujejski’s acquaintance with the pianist Leonia Wild had on his cycle Tłumaczenia Chopina [Translations of Chopin]. The analysis focuses on one of the poems in the cycle, Marsz żałobny [The Funeral March], which, according to the author, is not merely a verbal attempt to illustrate the meanings contained in its intertext. Ujejski’s creative imagination was particularly influenced by Leonia Wild’s piano interpretations of Chopin’s works. The characterization of the third movement of the Sonata in B flat minor included in the analysis demonstrates a multi-layered relationship between the musical piece and the poem, but it also draws attention to differences in themes, probably resulting from the fact that the works drew inspiration from different sources. The article is thus a contribution to the study of the relationship between Romantic music and literature, which developed thanks to, among other things, salon culture.
Stochastic Zeroth-Order Functional Constrained Optimization: Oracle Complexity and Applications
Authors: Nguyen Anthony , Balasubramanian Krishnakumar
Published: November 2022

Functionally constrained stochastic optimization problems, where neither the objective function nor the constraint functions are analytically available, arise frequently in machine learning applications. In this work, assuming we only have access to the noisy evaluations of the objective and constraint functions, we propose and analyze stochastic zeroth-order algorithms for solving this class of stochastic optimization problem. When the domain of the functions is [Formula: see text], assuming there are m constraint functions, we establish oracle complexities of order [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] in the convex and nonconvex settings, respectively, where ϵ represents the accuracy of the solutions required in appropriately defined metrics. The established oracle complexities are, to our knowledge, the first such results in the literature for functionally constrained stochastic zeroth-order optimization problems. We demonstrate the applicability of our algorithms by illustrating their superior performance on the problem of hyperparameter tuning for sampling algorithms and neural network training.

Funding: K. Balasubramanian was partially supported by a seed grant from the Center for Data Science and Artificial Intelligence Research, University of California–Davis, and the National Science Foundation [Grant DMS-2053918].
Station-Based or Free-Floating? An Integrated Carsharing System with Dual Service Types
Authors: Ke Hua , Mo Yutong
Published: November 2022

A specific service type is applied by most one-way carsharing operators, either station-based or free-floating, which depends on whether users are required to pick up and return vehicles in fixed parking lots. However, both of them have inherent limitations. The station-based carsharing system encounters the weakness of low parking-space utilization, whereas the free-floating system needs to face high parking and relocation costs. To overcome the limitations of single-type carsharing systems, this paper proposes an integrated system to apply the two types in different parts of the service area. A mixed-integer linear-programming model is established to maximize the operator profit, considering both strategic decisions of service type and operational decisions of relocation and trip selection. Despite the fact that the model can be solved by the CPLEX solver, it is limited by excessive memory usage and too long solving time in large-scale cases. To enhance the solving feasibility of the proposed model, a heuristic algorithm is proposed to effectively iterate feasible strategic options and solve the operational subproblem. The numerical results of the case study show that the proposed algorithm can achieve comparable objectives with the CPLEX solver in a much shorter computational time. Through system comparison, the integrated system achieves a larger profit and higher demand-fulfillment rate, compared with the single station-based or free-floating system.

History: This paper has been accepted for the Service Science Special Issue on Innovation in Transportation-Enabled Urban Services.
A Rare Case of Osteoblastoma of Calcaneum with Secondary Aneurysmal Cyst Like Changes and its Management- A Case Report
Authors: Nallakumarasamy Arulkumar , Arya Rajkumar , Singh Ajit , Yadav Rahul , Mohaniya Devanshu
Published: November 2022

Background: Osteoblastoma is a rare bone forming neoplasm and it is very rare to present with secondary cystic changes that too in the heel bone. The incidence is <0.6 % among all and its prevalence is yet to be reported in our population. owing to its rare presentation the early diagnosis of Osteoblastoma of calcaneum with secondary aneurysmal cyst like changes are difficult and hence affects the outcome. Material: In this report we detailed the diagnostic methods and surgical management of osteoblastoma of calcaneum associated with secondary aneurysmal cyst like changes in a 12year old boy with 2 year follow up. Result: It shown that the expansile lytic lesion was healed at appropriate time period and ankle & subtalar range of movements were satisfactory with no limitation in inversion and eversion. Conclusion: Benign expansile bone tumors in heel bone are difficult to find in the literature. This study addresses the diagnostic modality, proper surgical management in terms of approach and using sandwich bone grafting technique to improve the long term functional outcome. Keywords: Osteoblastoma of calcaneum, Secondary aneurysmal cyst like changes, Curettage and bone grafting.
DA ESCRITA DIVINA AO LUGAR DO IMAGINÁRIO: O DESEJO DA INVISIBILIDADE NOS CAMINHOS DA TRADUÇÃO LITERÁRIA.
Authors: Vallerius de Oliveira Denise
Published: November 2022

Denise Vallerius de Oliveira, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul(UFRGS)
A GENDERED VOICE IN TRANSLATION: TRANSLATING LIKE A FEMINIST
Authors: Espasa Eva
Published: November 2022

Eva Espasa, Universitat de Vic
ARAMBURU, C. (Universidad de Salamanca): UGO BETTI, ‘CORRUZIONE AL PALAZZO DI GIUSTIZIA’. EL DRAMA, SU CONTEXTO Y SU TRADUCCIÓN
Authors: Aramburu Sánchez Celia
Published: November 2022

Corruzione al palazzo di giustizia es un drama muy polémico puesto que cuestiona la honestidad y la eficiencia de la justicia, uno de los pilares del estado moderno.  Esta obra se estrenó en Roma en 1949. Por entonces, Italia atravesaba un momento culminante en su transformación como estado dentro del conjunto de Europa. La traducción española es de 1952, y se produjo durante la sexta legislatura del régimen de Franco, cuando aún estaba vigente la censura. En ese contexto resulta bastante extraño que un hombre de teatro como José Luis Alonso se atreviera a traducir y publicar un drama de Ugo Betti, que, leído entre líneas, podía suscitar suspicacias entre los censores.
GONZÁLEZ DE SANDE, Mª M. (Universidad de Oviedo): LA PROYECCIÓN DE ALBA DE CÉSPEDES EN ESPAÑA
Authors: GONZÁLEZ DE SANDE Mercedes
Published: November 2022

A pesar de que Alba De Céspedes fue una de las escritoras más influyentes de la literatura italiana del siglo XIX, hoy ocupa un lugar marginal en la historia literaria y la crítica italianas. En este artículo nos proponemos recuperar su personalidad literaria, centrándonos en su proyección en España a través de las muchas traducciones que se llevaron a cabo de sus obras, casi contemporáneamente a la publicación de las mismas en Italia. Ëstas contaron, en muchas ocasiones, con varias ediciones, lo cual demuestra el éxito de que gozó la escritora italiana en nuestro país, y que, sin embargo, fue decreciendo desde la posguerra hasta la actualidad.
ROMANO MARTÍN, Y. (Universidad de Salamanca): TRAS LAS HUELLAS DE GIORGIO SCERBANENCO EN ESPAÑA: EDICIONES Y TRADUCCIONES
Authors: ROMANO MARTÍN Yolanda
Published: November 2022

En este artículo, abordamos el estudio de la figura de Giorgio Scerbanenco, uno de los escritores italianos más prolíficos, en el centenario de su nacimiento. Giorgio Scerbanenco está considerado el padre de la ficción criminal en su país. Fue un gran renovador de un género que consiguió liberar de los clichés impuestos por la ficción anglosajona, encontrando su propia personalidad. Su obra fue una verdadera fuente de inspiración para los autores actuales del género en Italia, como  Pinketts, Camilleri, Lucarelli, De Cataldo o Carofiglio. Este artículo se propone ofrecer un panorama de la recepción de su obra en España (ediciones y traducciones) desde los años 40 hasta la actualidad.
LUNA, A. (Universidade de Vigo): LA REVISTA ‘GRIAL’ COMO IMPORTADORA DE TEXTOS ITALIANOS (1951-1975)
Authors: LUNA ALONSO Ana
Published: November 2022

Durante años, Grial fue “la revista” por excelencia en Galicia, y, si bien es cierto que no produjo una cantidad significativa de traducciones, las que tradujo eran cualitativamente importantes. El espíritu universal que le imprimieron sobre todo sus fundadores, orientándola a actuar como un vehículo de cultura en Galicia y promoviendo el establecimiento de puentes entre la cultura universal y la gallega, se halla aún presente en la actualidad. La revista está abierta a los nuevos valores de la cultura contemporánea. Los artículos publicados en Grial muestran una doble orientación: la de ofrecer información sobre la realidad gallega, y, a la vez, la de reflejar los diferentes aspectos de la cultura universal. Grial es aún hoy en día una fuente esencial de información para investigadores de varias disciplinas, especialmente literatura, lingüística, filología, historia y traducción, especialidades a las que esta revista ha dedicado una gran cantidad de páginas desde su creación.
MUÑOZ RAYA, E. (Universidad de Granada): EL TEATRO DE UGO BETTI EN LOS ESCENARIOS ESPAÑOLES DURANTE EL FRANQUISMO
Authors: MUÑOZ RAYA Eva
Published: November 2022

El propósito de este artículo es estudiar las traducciones y representaciones teatrales de la obra de Ugo Betti (uno de los dramaturgos más importantes del siglo XX) en los teatros españoles durante la dictadura de Franco. Para ello habrá que prestar atención a los principales parámetros, como el género literario (el drama), el contexto socio-político, el perfil de los traductores o adaptadores, su concepción de la traducción, y el público al que iban dirigidas estas traducciones. La producción dramática (traducciones o adaptaciones), incluso cuando no se publica, juega un papel crucial en la recepción de un gran dramaturgo a nivel global.
SERRA Pfennig, Isabel (UAM): Una nueva imagen de Berlín: Desde la “Berliner Kindheit um neunzehnhundert” de Walter Benjamin hasta el Berlín después del muro.
Authors: SERRA PFENNIG Isabel
Published: November 2022

El objetivo de este artículo es analizar  los cambios sociopolíticos y culturales que ha tenido  la ciudad de Berlín a lo largo de la historia reciente.  Se ha enfocado el análisis como fenómeno histórico en sus múltiples facetas, analizando la situación sociohistórica a través de algunas obras literarias que han sido fundamentales para entender la evolución cultural de Berlín desde principios del siglo XX hasta la caída del muro.
ARAMBURU SÁNCHEZ, Celia (USAL). ‘Motti, bufonerie et burle’ del Piovano Arlotto.
Authors: ARAMBURU SÁNCHEZ Celia
Published: November 2022

Estudio de la obra del año 1568 encontrada en la Biblioteca Histórica de la Universidad de Salamanca, y que se centra en torno a tres aspectos fundamentales: La Questione della Lingua, la Vita del Piovano Arlotto siguiendo la introducción de la obra, y la traducción y análisis de uno de los hechos y dichos atribuidos al autor.
FERNÁNDEZ RODRÍGUEZ, Áurea (U. Vigo). Álvaro Cunqueiro, una semilla en la historia de la traducción literaria gallega del siglo XX.
Authors: FERNÁNDEZ RODRÍGUEZ Áurea
Published: November 2022

La reciente historia de la traducción literaria en Galicia cuenta, por razones obvias, con momentos y resultados muy diferentes en cuanto a la fortuna de esas obras traducidas se refiere. En este estudio comparamos las traducciones que vieron la luz en el periodo autárquico (1936-1975) y en el democrático (1976-2000). Para describir el primero nos basamos en el repertorio de los textos traducidos por Álvaro Cunqueiro y para el segundo, nos dejamos llevar por los datos que arroja el Catálogo da Biblioteca de Tradución Galega (BITRAGA). Nuestro principal objetivo consiste en analizar las tendencias en las prácticas de importación de literatura extranjera al gallego en las dos últimas décadas del siglo XX para compararlas con el periodo preautonómico tanto en términos cuantitativos como cualitativos.
CAMPS, Assumpta. El papel de la traducción en el desarrollo cultural
Authors: Camps Assumpta
Published: November 2022

CAMPS, Assumpta. El papel de la traducción en el desarrollo cultural; reseña del libro: Luna, Ana; Fernández, Áurea; Galanes, Iolanda & Montero, Silvia (eds.). Literaturas extranjeras y desarrollo cultural. Hacia un cambio de paradigma en la traducción literaria gallega. Berna: Peter Lang (“Relaciones literarias en el ámbito hispánico: Traducción, literatura y cultura”, nº 11), 243 páginas.
ZABOKLICKA, Bożena. Una dona de cap a peus
Authors: ZABOKLICKA Bożena
Published: November 2022

ZABOKLICKA, Bożena. Una dona de cap a peus; reseña del libro: Świrszczyńska, Anna (2015). Una dona de cap a peus. Selecció, traducció i nota introductòria de Josep A. Ysern i Lagarda. La Pobla Llarga: Edicions 96 (col·lecció Razefa), 56 páginas.
LÓPEZ, Gemma; REQUENA-PELEGRÍ, Teresa (UB): La traducción del cambio de código: la construcción de la hibridez formal e identitaria en “The Brief Wondrous Life of Oscar Wao”, de Junot Díaz.
Authors: LÓPEZ, Gemma; REQUENA-PELEGRÍ Teresa
Published: November 2022

En 1999, la revista The New Yorker publicó un número dedicado a jóvenes promesas literarias, entre las que se encontraban autores como Michael Chabon, David Foster Wallace, Junot Díaz y Jonathan Franzen. Este reconocimiento situó a Díaz en un lugar destacado de las letras estadounidenses y latinoamericanas, lo cual nos lleva a inferir que la producción de traducciones cuidadas constituyó un objetivo primordial para la promoción de sus textos en el ámbito internacional a partir de ese momento. En el presente capítulo abordamos los retos que presenta la traducción de la novela The Brief Wondrous Life of Oscar Wao (2007) al español en tanto que texto híbrido en a nivel lingüístico, identitario y literario. Nuestro análisis tiene en cuenta la traducción del cambio de código como reto para el traductor. En concreto, el posicionamiento político del autor y la voluntad heteroglóssica del texto fuente constituyen aspectos a tener en cuenta en el análisis que ofrecemos en este capítulo.
Traducción, multilingüismo y mediación cultural en las sociedades urbanas
Authors: Camps Assumpta
Published: November 2022

En este artículo abordaremos la práctica de la traducción centrandonuestra atención en la incómoda renegociación de la pluralidad /diversidad que se produce en las sociedades multiculturales urbanas denuestros días, resultado de las recientes migraciones y flujos depoblación. Las sociedades urbanas constituyen claramente un espaciopara el multilingüismo, dando lugar a varias prácticas de traducción ymediación cultural (incluyendo fenómenos de hibridismo cultural y“transculturación”).Desde la reflexión sobre estas situaciones, progresivamente másfrecuentes en las sociedades multiculturales, analizaremos las nuevascondiciones de los encuentros sociales y la nueva producción literaria,que pueden conducir a repensar la noción misma de traducción
TRADUCIR LA FILOSOFÍA FEMENINA. ANÁLISIS Y ENFOQUE TRADUCTIVO A TRAVÉS DE LE DEUXIÈME SEXE, DE SIMONE DE BEAUVOIR Y SPECULUM. DE L’AUTRE FEMME, DE LUCE IRIGARAY
Authors: Simona Eva Giuseppa Parisi Salvatore Bartolotta    -
Published: November 2022

Estudios recientes demuestran que tanto en la práctica de la traducción como en los estudios de traducción la presencia femenina  es absolutamente dominante, siendo la mujer un sujeto activo en la actividad traductora. Pero también tiene un papel central como autora y, por lo tanto, es a la vez objeto de traducción. Es fundamental, de este modo, examinar el discurso filosófico femenino y el vínculo entre la escritura de las filosofas y la traducción. Además, en la práctica traductora de las obras de las mujeres filósofas, la traducción puede ser utilizada para expresar el derecho de palabra de las estudiosas. El enfoque de la filosofía femenina en la traducción trata de revertir el absolutismo del pensamiento patriarcal colocándose como una práctica de resistencia. Numerosas filósofas, entre las cuales en particular Simone de Beauvoir y Luce Irigaray, atribuyen en sus escritos una importancia notable al poder del discurso femenino. Por lo tanto, se considerará la obra Le Deuxième Sexe de Beauvoir y Speculum. De l’autre femme de Irigaray, para formular un análisis de estos textos filosóficos a través de un enfoque traductor.
Particle size distribution inversion using the Weibull-distribution adaptive-parameters cuckoo search algorithm
Authors: Zhan Honghui , Zha Tingting , Hong Bo , Shan Liang
Published: November 2022

A Weibull-distribution adaptive-parameters cuckoo search (WACS)
algorithm is proposed, which can converge quickly and prevent falling
into local optimal values, and thus improve the global search
performance of a cuckoo search (CS) algorithm. In simulations,
particle size inversions were performed using the proposed algorithm
for unimodal and bimodal particle systems obeying Johnson’s SB,
Rosin–Rammler, and normal distribution, and the results were compared
to the original CS algorithm, Weibull-distribution CS algorithm, and
adaptive-parameters CS algorithm. Among them, the WACS algorithm has
the best accuracy. The relative root mean squared error (RRMSE) was
three to four orders of magnitude lower than the CS algorithm. The
noise immunity of the algorithm was verified by comparing the particle
size inversion error. Random noise [1%, 10%] was added to the
scattered light energy of the target function, in 1% noise increments.
The WACS algorithm prevailed, and the advantage became more obvious as
the noise increased. A small-angle forward scattering experimental
platform was built, and ferric tetroxide particles were selected as
the measured particles. Experimental measurements were carried out on
a unimodal particle system (50 µm) and bimodal particle system
(50 and 100 µm), while the WACS algorithm was used on particle
size distribution inversion. Compared to the CS algorithm, the RRMSE
of the WACS algorithm was approximately 51% lower on unimodal and 66%
lower on bimodal particle population inversions.
Towards cross-media color reproduction
Authors: Wandell Brian A. , Brainard David H.
Published: November 2022

Suppose that we wish to compare the color appearance of an image displayed on monitor and a reproduction of the image on a printed page. We could place the monitor and printed image side-by-side and let an observer judge the colors of each. The difficulty with this arrangement is that the ambient illumination interferes with the color appearance of the monitor image. To see the monitor image clearly, the observer would like to turn down the room lighting. But in this case, the observer will be unable to see the printed image. As the room lights are turned up, the printed image becomes visible but the monitor image becomes washed out.
Color and Visual Search in Large and Small Display Fields
Authors: Nagy Allen L. , Sanchez Robert R. , Hughes Thomas C.
Published: November 2022

In previous experiments we have attempted to measure color differences required to obtain parallel visual search. (Nagy and Sanchez, 1988) The observer's task was to search for a small target disk that differed only in color from white distractor disks also present in the display. When the color difference between the target and distractors was small the time required to find the target depended on the number of distractors present. We refer to this as a serial search. When the color difference was large the search time was independent of the number of distractors present. We refer to this as parallel search. In order to estimate the color difference required to obtain parallel search we measured search time as a function of color difference in displays with a large number of distractors. Search times decreased with increases in color difference until a minimum was reached and then remained constant with further increases in color difference. From these experiments we estimated the smallest color difference at which parallel search could be obtained along several lines in color space. We will refer to these color differences as critical color differences, or CCD's. CCD's varied from approximately 12 to 40 times the size of the MacAdam unit of color difference depending on the direction in color space.
Distortion Metrics for Image Coding Using Monochrome and Color Human Visual Models
Authors: Budge Scott E.
Published: November 2022

The use of a human visual model based distortion measure for image coding and evaluation is described. Test results show that when an image is encoded using the visual model, the measured quality correlates better with visual quality when the measurements are made within the model, and better images are produced.
Perceptual Gains for Coding of Moving Images without Visible Impairments
Authors: Girod Bernd
Published: November 2022

We discuss the significance of perceptual effects for source coding of video signals without visible impairments. A new nonlinear spatiotemporal model of human threshold vision is proposed. Linearization yields the space-time-varying w-model. The model predicts a variety of perceptual effects accurately. Maximum bit-rate savings by irrelevancy reduction according to the w-model are evaluated for natural test pictures on the basis of the Shannon Lower Bound of rate distortion theory. Under typical viewing conditions, perceptual gains due to linear effects dominate. Maximum bit-rate savings due to the nonlinear masking effects are below 0.5 bit/sample in the average. Typically ⅓ of the masking gain is due to spatial masking, the rest is due to the presence of dark and bright areas in the picture, where the visibility of noise is reduced. Gains due to temporal masking are significant only in the first 100 ms after a scene cut.
Reading and Contrast Adaptation
Authors: Pelli Denis G.
Published: November 2022

Lunn and Banks (1986), studying the reasons for “visual fatigue” among users of video text displays, found that reading from a video display caused a tenfold elevation of the contrast threshold for a sinusoidal grating with the same spatial frequency as the lines of text. They suggested that this may contribute to “visual fatigue,” possibly by affecting accommodation, but they did not explain why printed text would not have the same effect.
Current Status of the Development of HDTV
Authors: Nishizawa Taiji
Published: November 2022

NHK has been engaged in the development of HDTV for more than 20 years. Various kinds of equipment necessary for broadcast service have been developed and their characteristics have been improved year by year.
On the Application of Spatio-Temporal Contrast-Sensitivity Functions to HDTV
Authors: Schäfer R. , Kauff P. , Gölz U.
Published: November 2022

Spatio-temporal contrast-sensivity functions have been measured by many psycho-pysicists /1,2/ and the published data have been used by TV engineers for various applications. The most attractive property of these functions is the apparent exchangebility between spatial and temporal resolution, which is utilized by many signal compression schemes (e.g. MUSE and HD-MAC). But it is mostly overlooked that this mechanism is only effective under certain viewing conditions and that there is no reduction in the ability to resolve spatial detail, if the eye can follow the movement. The only mechanism which can really be exploited in this situation is motion blur, which is generated by integration and lag of the camera target /3/. Nevertheless we investigated three different topics related to the spatio-temporal behaviour of human vision which will be discussed in the following.
40 Years of Image Technology and Vision Research A Personal Memoir
Authors: Kelly D. H.
Published: November 2022

From student days to the present, the author reviews his adventures in designing optics, camouflaging airplanes, simulating the atmosphere, bypassing military procedures, going Hollywood, inventing photographic processes, making interference filters, decoding aerial photographs, building visual stimulators, and finally becoming a visual scientist. The narrative includes episodes from the University of Rochester, USC and UCLA, the wartime Navy in Washington, Mitchell Camera and Technicolor Corporations in Hollywood, Itek Corporation in Lexington and Palo Alto, and SRI International. No scientific material will be presented.
Hexagonal QMF pyramids
Authors: Adelson Edward H. , Simoncelli Eero P.
Published: November 2022

It is widely recognized that effective image processing and machine vision must involve the use of information at multiple scales, and that models of human vision must be multi-scale as well. The most commonly used image representations are linear transforms, in which an image is decomposed into a sum of elementary basis functions. Besides being well understood, linear transformations in the form of convolutions provide a useful model of some of the early processing in the human visual system.
Learning in Interpolation Networks for Irregular Sampling: Some Convergence Properties
Authors: Ahumada Albert J. , Mulligan Jeffrey B.
Published: November 2022

Recently, Ahumada and Yellott (1) and Maloney (5,6) have presented schemes for training networks designed to reconstruct irregularly sampled retinal images. In these schemes adjustable weighting networks provide compensation for the irregularities in the retinal array and the geometrical distortions in intermediate pathways. This paper presents some ideas relating to the convergence of the training algorithms.
Calibrating a Linear Visual System by Comparision of Inputs Across Camera/Eye Movements
Authors: Maloney Laurence T.
Published: November 2022

A visual system is calibrated geometrically if its estimates of the spatial properties of a scene are accurate: straight lines are judged straight, angles are correctly estimated, collinear line segments are perceived to fall on a common line. A visual system can fail to be calibrated because of a mismatch between its optics and later visual processing: calibration of computer vision systems typically requires remapping the sensor inputs to compensate for spherical aberration in the camera lens [1].
Operators For Facial Feature Extraction
Authors: Pearson D.E. , Hanna E.
Published: November 2022

The extraction of human facial features from images in binary form has been shown to be useful in at least two areas of low data-rate image coding. One is in the transmission of moving cartoons over the public switched telephone network [1]-[3]. Another is in model-based coding, where analysis of the camera signal is needed to line up the software model with the exterior world [4]. Binarization of the input image is also used as a first stage in machine recognition of faces [5].
Intelligent Temporal Subsampling of American Sign Language Using Event Boundaries
Authors: Parish David H. , Sperling George , Landy Michael S.
Published: November 2022

American Sign Language (ASL) is a gestural form of communication used by the North American deaf and hearing impaired communities. In free conversation, ASL is as rapid a form of communication as most spoken languages, including English. Yet, users of ASL are prevented from using their most efficient form of communication over long distances by the absence of affordable, high bandwidth communication technology. Use of the existing, low bandwidth telephone switching network for ASL video transmission requires substantial signal compression. To insure that the ASL signal remains useful following compression, we must first determine the visual requirements for intelligible ASL.
Image Compression in Noise
Authors: Daly Scott
Published: November 2022

Use of the CSF in Image Compression The visual system’s variations in sensitivity to spatial frequencies are critical to any imaging system where the image is to be displayed and viewed by a human observer. These variations are described by the contrast sensitivity function (CSF) which has found wide application in image compression schemes using the discrete cosine transform (DCT) [1-3], vector quantization [4], and spatial filter hierarchies [5]. All of these approaches provide access to the frequency domain, and the use of the CSF becomes straightforward in controlling the quantization process of the algorithm. Quantization is used to code the algorithm coefficients or vectors; an increase in the size of the quantization interval reduces the entropy, and thus the bit rate. However, larger quantization intervals increase the quantization error of the algorithm, which can be regarded as noise that will degrade the image if it is visible. This quantization noise must be detected in the presence of the effective internal noise of the visual system, which is proportional to the inverse of the CSF. Therefore, the inverse CSF can be used to scale the quantization intervals, allowing larger intervals for frequencies where the visual system is less sensitive and smaller intervals where it is more sensitive. If, for all frequencies, the maximum error of the frequency specific quantization noise is kept less than the effective internal noise of the frequency, the compressed image will be visually indistinguishable from the uncompressed image. We refer to this condition as perceptually lossless, as opposed to mathematically lossless, in which the digital code values are exactly preserved. Since the bit rates for perceptually lossless compression are less than a quarter of those for mathematically lossless compression, perceptually lossless compression is a useful criterion when the image is to be viewed by human observers.
Multiple Fano resonance realization in far-field through plasmonic nanostructures using an optical gain medium
Authors: C. G. Lozano , Rivera V.A.G. , Silva O.B. , Ferri F.A. , Marega E.
Published: November 2022

Multiple Fano resonances were observed in plasmonic nanostructures on Er3+-doped tellurite glass. Our coupling function exhibits an asymmetric Fano line-shape form as a consequence of the interaction between the nanostructure and the Er3+: 2H11/2 state.
Study of optimized processes in controlled environment agriculture
Authors: Perez Shirly Lara , Ferro Rafael , Blanco Kate Cristina , Bagnato Vanderlei Salvador
Published: November 2022

Controlled environment and photoperiods with low light intensity using LEDs in a hydroponic system chamber were used to optimize the growth of mini romaine lettuce from seed to adult stage in 30 days.
Microparticles obtained via spray pyrolysis for random laser and luminescence thermometry applications
Authors: Pugina Roberta S. , Hilário Eloísa G. , da Silva-Neto Manoel L. , Gomes Anderson S. L. , Caiut José Maurício A.
Published: November 2022

YAG (Yttrium Aluminum Garnet) spheres doped with different lanthanide ions were obtained via Spray Pyrolysis. The Nd3+:YAG particles were studied for their stimulated emissions in disordered environments, while Yb3+/Er3+:YAG were intended for studies at different temperatures.
Interferometric Fiber Optic Accelerometer with Nonlinear Control
Authors: Nunes Gabriel F. S. , Ettori Rafael C. , Sakamoto João M. S.
Published: November 2022

A fiber optic accelerometer based on a Mach-Zehnder interferometer with variable structure and sliding modes nonlinear control was constructed and characterized, obtaining estimations of its sensitivity, minimum detectable acceleration, and dynamic range.
Refractive Index Sensor Based on Optical Fiber with Slanted End
Authors: Patiño-Jurado Brayan , Gaviria-Calderón Arturo , Botero-Cadavid Juan F. , Garcia-Sucerquia Jorge
Published: November 2022

A cost-effective refractive index sensor based on optical fibers with 45° slanted surface at the distal end is presented. The sensors are used to measure refractive index of saline solutions with sensitivities of -136 dBm/RIU.
Er-doped Y2O3 nanocrystals for optical thermometry within biological windows
Authors: Laia A. S. , Brandão-Silva A. C. , Gomes M. A. , Macedo Z. S. , Valério M. E. G. , Rodrigues J. J. , Alencar M. A. R. C.
Published: November 2022

Optical thermometry within biological windows based on Er3+-doped Y2O3 nanocrystals emission is proposed. Luminescence intensity ratio between the emission bands at 1013 nm and 845 nm was exploited and sensing with high sensitivity achieved.
Passive Charge Management of Contactless Test Masses using Ultraviolet LEDS with Fast and Slow Photoelectrons
Authors: Saraf S. , Wang S. , Buchman S. , Lipa J.
Published: November 2022

Free floating Test Masses (TM) of inertial reference instruments accumulate charge during separation from their housings and cosmic radiation. We demonstrate two charge management systems using fast and slow photoelectrons emitted from gold coated surfaces.
Estimating the Incoherent Second-Harmonic Generation of Organic Molecules
Authors: Santos Francisco A. , Cardoso Carlos E. R. , Rodrigues José J. , Abegão Luis M. G.
Published: November 2022

Incoherent second-harmonic generation is quantified by the first-order molecular hyperpolarizability, which could be estimated through a fast and reliable method using homemade software to post-process the output files from the Gaussian software package.
Femtosecond laser micromachining study in CVD diamond
Authors: Nolasco Lucas Konaka , Mendonça Cleber Renato
Published: November 2022

Diamond is a highly sought after material for photonic applications. In this work, the incubation effect was studied at 1030 nm, which could improve the fs-laser micromachining processing technique in such material.
Optical Sensor Based on Mach-Zehnder Interferometer for Angular Measurement Associated to Legs Joints
Authors: Amaral M. L. C. , Cardoso V. H. R. , Giraldi M. T. M. R. , Fernandes C. S. , Costa J. C. W. A.
Published: November 2022

Experimental investigation allowed the construction of a sensor based on a Mach-Zehnder interferometer, developed using a no-core fiber between two single-mode fibers, to measure angular displacements.
Nanoscale mapping using AFM and KPFM in Er/Yb:BaTiO3 films to photonics applications
Authors: Clabel H. J. L. , Marega E.
Published: November 2022

The functionalization of advanced materials for photonics devices is dependent on nanoscale mapping. Technique AFM and KPFM were used to investigate the surface evolution and quantitative information is discussed.
Investigation of Gain Clamping in Random lasers
Authors: Santos Emanuel P. , Silva Rodrigo F. , Silva Jefferson F. , Maciel Célio V. T. , Luz Daniel F. , de Lima Emerson , Maia Lauro J. Q. , Lima Bismark C. , Moura André L.
Published: November 2022

the gain clamping phenomenon, known in lasers, is reported for the first time in the random lasers context. We also discuss the intrinsic intensity fluctuations of random lasers in the gain clamping scenario.
Formation and Dynamics of an Extremely Compressed Mid-Infrared Wave Packet
Authors: Zaloznaya Elizaveta D. , Dormidonov Alexander E. , Kompanets Victor O. , Chekalin Sergey V. , Kandidov Valery P.
Published: November 2022

A theoretical and experimental study of the formation and dynamics of a single-cycle mid-infrared wave packet during filamentation under anomalous group velocity dispersion condition is carried out.
Multi spectral holographic ellipsometry for a complex 3D nanostructure
Authors: Jung Jaehwang , Kim Wookrae , Kim Jinseob , Lee Seungwoo , Shin Inho , Yoon Changhyeong , Jeong Seoyeon , Hidaka Yasuhiro , Numata Mitsunori , Ueyama Shinji , Choi Changhoon , Lee Myungjun
Published: November 2022

We present an innovative ellipsometry technique called self-interferometric pupil ellipsometry (SIPE), which integrates self-interference and pupil microscopy techniques to provide the high metrology sensitivity required for metrology applications of advanced semiconductor devices. Due to its unique configuration, rich angle-resolved ellipsometric information from a single-shot hologram can be extracted, where the full spectral information corresponding to incident angles from 0° to 70° with azimuthal angles from 0° to 360° is obtained, simultaneously. The performance and capability of the SIPE system were fully validated for various samples including thin-film layers, complicated 3D structures, and on-cell overlay samples on the actual semiconductor wafers. The results show that the proposed SIPE system can achieve metrology sensitivity up to 0.123 nm. In addition, it provides small spot metrology capability by minimizing the illumination spot diameter up to 1 µm, while the typical spot diameter of the industry standard ellipsometry is around 30 µm. As a result of collecting a huge amount of angular spectral data, undesirable multiple parameter correlation can be significantly reduced, making SIPE ideally suited for solving several critical metrology challenges we are currently facing.
Tracking human skill learning with a hierarchical Bayesian sequence model
Authors: Éltető Noémi , Nemeth Dezső , Janacsek Karolina , Dayan Peter
Published: November 2022

Humans can implicitly learn complex perceptuo-motor skills over the course of large numbers of trials. This likely depends on our becoming better able to take advantage of ever richer and temporally deeper predictive relationships in the environment. Here, we offer a novel characterization of this process, fitting a non-parametric, hierarchical Bayesian sequence model to the reaction times of human participants’ responses over ten sessions, each comprising thousands of trials, in a serial reaction time task involving higher-order dependencies. The model, adapted from the domain of language, forgetfully updates trial-by-trial, and seamlessly combines predictive information from shorter and longer windows onto past events, weighing the windows proportionally to their predictive power. As the model implies a posterior over window depths, we were able to determine how, and how many, previous sequence elements influenced individual participants’ internal predictions, and how this changed with practice.

Already in the first session, the model showed that participants had begun to rely on two previous elements (i.e., trigrams), thereby successfully adapting to the most prominent higher-order structure in the task. The extent to which local statistical fluctuations in trigram frequency influenced participants’ responses waned over subsequent sessions, as participants forgot the trigrams less and evidenced skilled performance. By the eighth session, a subset of participants shifted their prior further to consider a context deeper than two previous elements. Finally, participants showed resistance to interference and slow forgetting of the old sequence when it was changed in the final sessions. Model parameters for individual participants covaried appropriately with independent measures of working memory and error characteristics. In sum, the model offers the first principled account of the adaptive complexity and nuanced dynamics of humans’ internal sequence representations during long-term implicit skill learning.
Rapid carbon accumulation at a saltmarsh restored by managed realignment exceeded carbon emitted in direct site construction
Authors: Mossman Hannah L. , Pontee Nigel , Born Katie , Hill Colin , Lawrence Peter J. , Rae Stuart , Scott James , Serato Beatriz , Sparkes Robert B. , Sullivan Martin J. P. , Dunk Rachel M.
Published: November 2022

Increasing attention is being paid to the carbon sequestration and storage services provided by coastal blue carbon ecosystems such as saltmarshes. Sites restored by managed realignment, where existing sea walls are breached to reinstate tidal inundation to the land behind, have considerable potential to accumulate carbon through deposition of sediment brought in by the tide and burial of vegetation in the site. While this potential has been recognised, it is not yet a common motivating factor for saltmarsh restoration, partly due to uncertainties about the rate of carbon accumulation and how this balances against the greenhouse gases emitted during site construction. We use a combination of field measurements over four years and remote sensing to quantify carbon accumulation at a large managed realignment site, Steart Marshes, UK. Sediment accumulated rapidly at Steart Marshes (mean of 75 mm yr-1) and had a high carbon content (4.4% total carbon, 2.2% total organic carbon), resulting in carbon accumulation of 36.6 t ha-1 yr-1 total carbon (19.4 t ha-1 yr-1 total organic carbon). This rate of carbon accumulation is an order of magnitude higher than reported in many other restored saltmarshes, and is somewhat higher than values previously reported from another hypertidal system (Bay of Fundy, Canada). The estimated carbon emissions associated with the construction of the site were ~2–4% of the observed carbon accumulation during the study period, supporting the view that managed realignment projects in such settings may have significant carbon accumulation benefits. However, uncertainties such as the origin of carbon (allochthonous or autochthonous) and changes in gas fluxes need to be resolved to move towards a full carbon budget for saltmarsh restoration.
Vibrio spp and other potential pathogenic bacteria associated to microfibers in the North-Western Mediterranean Sea
Authors: Pedrotti Maria Luiza , de Figueiredo Lacerda Ana Luzia , Petit Stephanie , Ghiglione Jean François , Gorsky Gabriel
Published: November 2022

Microfibers, whether synthetic or natural, have increased dramatically in the environment, becoming the most common type of particles in the ocean, and exposing aquatic organisms to multiple negative impacts. Using an approach combining morphology (scanning electron microscopy-SEM) and molecular taxonomy (High-Throughput DNA Sequencing- HTS), we investigated the bacterial composition from floating microfibers (MFs) collected in the northwestern Mediterranean Sea. The average number of bacteria in 100 μm2 on the surface of a fiber is 8 ± 5.9 cells; by extrapolating it to a whole fiber, this represents 2663 ± 1981 bacteria/fiber. Attached bacterial communities were dominated by Alteromonadales, Rhodobacterales, and Vibrionales, including the potentially human/animal pathogen Vibrio parahaemolyticus. This study reveals a high rate of bacterial colonization on MFs, and shows that these particles can host numerous bacterial species, including putative pathogens. Even if we cannot confirm its pathogenicity based only on the taxonomy, this is the first description of such pathogenic Vibrio living attached to MFs in the Mediterranean Sea. The identification of MFs colonizers is valuable in assessing health risks, as their presence can be a threat to bathing and seafood consumption. Considering that MFs can serve as vector for potentially pathogenic microorganisms and other pollutants throughout the ocean, this type of pollution can have both ecological and economic consequences.