bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An analysis framework for clustering algorithm selection with applications to spectroscopy
Authors: Crase Simon , Thennadil Suresh N.
Published: March 2022

Cluster analysis is a valuable unsupervised machine learning technique that is applied in a multitude of domains to identify similarities or clusters in unlabelled data. However, its performance is dependent of the characteristics of the data it is being applied to. There is no universally best clustering algorithm, and hence, there are numerous clustering algorithms available with different performance characteristics. This raises the problem of how to select an appropriate clustering algorithm for the given analytical purposes. We present and validate an analysis framework to address this problem. Unlike most current literature which focuses on characterizing the clustering algorithm itself, we present a wider holistic approach, with a focus on the user’s needs, the data’s characteristics and the characteristics of the clusters it may contain. In our analysis framework, we utilize a softer qualitative approach to identify appropriate characteristics for consideration when matching clustering algorithms to the intended application. These are used to generate a small subset of suitable clustering algorithms whose performance are then evaluated utilizing quantitative cluster validity indices. To validate our analysis framework for selecting clustering algorithms, we applied it to four different types of datasets: three datasets of homemade explosives spectroscopy, eight datasets of publicly available spectroscopy data covering food and biomedical applications, a gene expression cancer dataset, and three classic machine learning datasets. Each data type has discernible differences in the composition of the data and the context within which they are used. Our analysis framework, when applied to each of these challenges, recommended differing subsets of clustering algorithms for final quantitative performance evaluation. For each application, the recommended clustering algorithms were confirmed to contain the top performing algorithms through quantitative performance indices.
Clinical effectiveness of beta-lactams versus fluoroquinolones as empirical therapy in patients with diabetes mellitus hospitalized for urinary tract infections: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Tang Yu-Hsin , Lu Po-Liang , Huang Ho-Yin , Lin Ying-Chi
Published: March 2022

Background

Diabetic patients are at risk of severe urinary tract infections (UTIs). Due to the emerging resistance rates to fluoroquinolones and β-lactams, we aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of β-lactams versus fluoroquinolones as empirical therapy for diabetic patients hospitalized for UTIs.

Methods

A retrospective cohort study was conducted in a medical center in Taiwan between 2016 and 2018. Patients with type 2 diabetes, aged ≥20 and hospitalized for UTIs were enrolled. Patients with UTI diagnosis within one year before the admission, co-infections at the admission, or ≥2 pathogens in the urine cultures were excluded. The primary outcome was empiric treatment failure.

Results

298 patients were followed for at least 30 days after the admission. Escherichia coli (61.07%) was the most common pathogen. The resistance rates of the pathogens to levofloxacin were 28.52% and 34.22% according to the historical Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) breakpoints and the updated 2019 CLSI breakpoints, respectively. The resistance rates of ceftazidime and cefepime were 21.81% and 11.41%, respectively. Empirical β-lactams were associated with less treatment failure compared to fluoroquinolones (adjusted OR = 0.32, 95% CI = 0.17–0.60). Beta-lactams were associated with less treatment failure than fluoroquinolones when appropriatness was determined by the pre-2019 CLSI breakpoints but not the 2019 CLSI breakpoints.

Conclusions

In diabetic patients hospitalized for UTIs, β-lactams were associated with less empiric treatment failure compared to fluoroquinolones when the resistance rate to fluoroquinolone is higher than β-lactams. The updated 2019 CLSI breakpoint for fluoroquinolone was better than pre-2019 CLSI breakpoints to correlate with treatment outcomes for hospitalized UTIs in diabetic patients.
Pre-existing helminth infection impairs the efficacy of adjuvanted influenza vaccination in mice
Authors: Hartmann Wiebke , Brunn Marie-Luise , Stetter Nadine , Gabriel Gülsah , Breloer Minka
Published: March 2022

The world health organization estimates that more than a quarter of the human population is infected with parasitic worms that are called helminths. Many helminths suppress the immune system of their hosts to prolong their survival. This helminth-induced immunosuppression “spills over” to unrelated antigens and can suppress the immune response to vaccination against other pathogens. Indeed, several human studies have reported a negative correlation between helminth infections and responses to vaccinations. Using mice that are infected with the parasitic nematode Litomosoides sigmodontis as a model for chronic human filarial infections, we reported previously that concurrent helminth infection impaired the vaccination-induced protection against the human pathogenic 2009 pandemic H1N1 influenza A virus (2009 pH1N1). Vaccinated, helminth-infected mice produced less neutralizing, influenza-specific antibodies than vaccinated naïve control mice. Consequently helminth-infected and vaccinated mice were not protected against a challenge infection with influenza virus but displayed high virus burden in the lung and a transient weight loss. In the current study we tried to improve the vaccination efficacy using vaccines that are licensed for humans. We either introduced a prime-boost vaccination regimen using the non-adjuvanted anti-influenza vaccine Begripal or employed the adjuvanted influenza vaccine Fluad. Although both strategies elevated the production of influenza-specific antibodies and protected mice from the transient weight loss that is caused by an influenza challenge infection, sterile immunity was not achieved. Helminth-infected vaccinated mice still had high virus burden in the lung while non-helminth-infected vaccinated mice rapidly cleared the virus. In summary we demonstrate that basic improvements of influenza vaccination regimen are not sufficient to confer sterile immunity on the background of helminth-induced immunosuppression, despite amelioration of pathology i.e. weight loss. Our findings highlight the risk of failed vaccinations in helminth-endemic areas, especially in light of the ongoing vaccination campaign to control the COVID-19 pandemic.
Mobster City: A Brief Tour of Chicago as Seen in its Gangster Films
Authors: Sobczynski Peter
Published: March 2022

Although Chicago is famous throughout the world for its dicey weather, political scandals, gut-busting cuisine, and outsized personalities such as Michael Jordan and Oprah Winfrey, there is an excellent chance that if one were to ask people in different countries what the first thing that comes to mind when they think of the city is, it would be its reputation as the epicentre of criminal activity in the 1920s and 1930s thanks to the activities of such infamous organized crime figures as Al Capone and John Dillinger.
Venice: City of the Imagination
Authors: Cotton Jeff
Published: March 2022

Nowhere is the strange relationship between the real city and the cinematically imagined city so clear, and so rich, as in the case of Venice. The exceptional nature of the city, coupled with the wealth of films that imagine it, means that our imaginary Venice very quickly begins to feed into the real place even more than the real city feeds our imaginations.
Romantically Detatched
Authors: Bayman Louis
Published: March 2022

Cinematic Venice provides icons of holidaying and romance, but the films that diffuse these images often seem to give a sense of something missing too. Let us start with a clichéd introduction for a Venice film: a montage of gondoliers carrying newly-arrived tourists past the Canal Grande, St Mark’s Square, the Campanile and the Arsenal, replicating the tourist gaze for the cinema spectator. The film is Venezia città moderna/Venice Modern City (1958), a documentary short directed by future arthouse realist Ermanno Olmi, and from this postcard fun we cut to a factory that the voice-over must assure us is no other city but modern Venice.
PREDICTIVE MAINTENANCE THROUGH DATA-DRIVEN APPROACHES
Authors: Meira Jorge , Pérez Pons Eugenia , Parra Domínguez Javier , Marreiros Goreti , Ramos Carlos
Published: March 2022

Nowadays, the Industrial Internet promises to transform our world. The melding of the global industrial system that was made possible because of the Industrial Revolution, with the open computing and communication systems developed as part of the Internet Revolution, opens new frontiers to accelerate productivity, reduce inefficiency and waste, and enhance the human work experience. With the emergence of Industry 4.0, smart systems, machine learning within artificial intelligence, predictive maintenance (PdM) approaches have been extensively applied in industries for handling the health status of industrial equipment. This paper focus on the PdM field, describing and specifying, its techniques, applications in the real world, methods and approaches widely used as such its challenges.
Desarrollo y competitividad en territorios frontera y periféricos
Authors: Pérez-Pons Eugenia , Meira Jorge , Marreiros Goreti , Parra-Domínguez Javier , Leitão Paulo
Published: March 2022

El presente artículo recoge las diferentes implicaciones que tienen los incentivos económicos externos en determinadas regiones frontera y periféricas. En el estudio se detallan casos de éxito en el que la inversión por parte de la UE ha sido clave para el desarrollo de la economía en esas zonas. Los resultados de este estudio conducen a concluir que aún siendo difícil medir dichas implicaciones económicas, la inversión y fondos como el INTERREG con previsiones a largo plazo resultan claves para el desarrollo.
Conflictos ambientales y participación social en torno al turismo residencial en Latinoamérica. Experiencias en Región Este, Uruguay
Authors: Gadino Isabel , Sciandro José Luis , Goldberg Nathalie
Published: April 2022

Mientras teoría y legislación avanzan hacia modelos de gobernanza abierta y participativa, uno de los principales motivos de movilización en América Latina son los conflictos ambientales. En la costa de Región Este, Uruguay, territorio destinado históricamente al turismo residencial, múltiples aprobaciones de proyectos ubicados en primera línea frente al mar o sobre la playa, son en general vividas como atropellos por la sociedad civil. En este contexto interesa saber qué tipo de participación para el desarrollo urbano costero se abre a partir del ordenamiento territorial.

Se analiza información cualitativa y cuantitativa surgida de talleres participativos, encuestas a residentes, entrevistas a grupos activistas locales y un manifiesto público de las organizaciones costeras a nivel nacional. Se aprecia la fuerte preocupación por la conservación de las condiciones ambientales del sitio, baja información sobre temas específicos costeros y dificultades para incidir en las decisiones finales. Los resultados coinciden con planteos internacionales sobre la instalación del discurso oficial de la gobernanza ambiental, sin un progreso real que permita lograr cambios importantes en el modelo de desarrollo asociado al extractivismo inmobiliario. La situación planteada demanda con urgencia la instalación de formatos permanentes de diálogo horizontal entre actores, que aun sin ser legalmente vinculantes, fomenten el conocimiento y permitan una participación real sobre la planificación territorial litoral.
Making a difference ‐ place-making and negotiating change: A study of an intentional community in Northern Germany
Authors: Diestelkamp Rebekka , Christ Michaela
Published: March 2022

The community of Hitzacker/Dorf seeks to establish an other place ‐ a model village providing an alternative to life in mainstream society. This paper aims to develop a better understanding of other places as agents of socio-ecological change. It examines the notion of
place-making as central in the materialisation of transformative processes since, in the process of place-making, visions, dreams and hopes need to be renegotiated and tied to the physical reality.Socio-ecological transformation research generally regards so-called niches in which alternatives
to the existing structures, institutions and norms are tested as nuclei for larger transformative processes. Intentional communities are spaces of critique in theory and practice ‐ the critique of existing social conditions. The following paper explores alternative place-making through
the empirical study of Hitzacker/Dorf, an intentional community in the Wendland area of Germany. It argues that the constant (re)negotiations about what should be different and what connections to the existing society should be sought out determine the transition phase from idea to materiality.
Brand Loyalty: Pengaruh Self-Brand Connection melalui Brand Experience Burberry di Indonesia
Authors: Ramadhan Muhammad Ardany , Rusmaningsih Prima Nurita
Published: March 2022

For the past five years, the upper middle class has experienced a dilemma in purchasing luxury brands. Even so, the sales figures for luxury brands as a whole continue to increase. The increase in sales of luxury brands is due to the adjustment of the consumer's self-concept with a high level of lifestyle. This study aims to analyze the effect of self-brand connection on brand loyalty in the luxury brand Burberry in Indonesia by using brand experience as a mediating variable. This study uses a quantitative approach with respondents in the form of customers who have purchased Burberry bag products more than once during the last five years and using a non-probability sampling technique. The results of this study indicate that brand experience has a positive effect as a mediation between self-brand connection and brand loyalty. This study shows that the value of the buying experience can be a process of verifying the suitability of the customer's self-concept with the Burberry brand so as to create a sense of loyalty from the customer himself. Masyarakat kelas menengah ke atas selama lima tahun terakhir mengalami dilema dalam pembelian luxury brand. Meskipun demikian, angka penjualan luxury brand secara keseluruhan terus meningkat. Meningkatnya penjualan luxury brand disebabkan oleh penyesuaian konsep diri konsumen dengan tingkat gaya hidup yang tinggi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh self-brand connection terhadap brand loyalty pada luxury brand Burberry di Indonesia dengan menggunakan brand experience sebagai variabel mediasi. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif dengan 131 responden berupa pelanggan yang pernah membeli produk tas Burberry lebih dari satu kali selama lima tahun terakhir dan menggunakan teknik analisis regresi sederhana dan berganda. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa brand experience berpengaruh positif sebagai mediasi antara self-brand connection dengan brand loyalty. Nilai dari pengalaman pembelian dapat menjadi proses verifikasi kesesuaian konsep diri pelanggan dengan merek Burberry sehingga menimbulkan rasa loyalitas dari pelanggan.
Desigualdad económica en el Siglo XXI
Authors: Tejedor Estupiñán Joan Miguel
Published: April 2022

La reciente crisis mundial provocada por la pandemia de Covid-19 ha evidenciado una vez más, por un lado, que el mercado no es eficiente en la asignación de los recursos, y por el otro, que los estados no estaban preparados para enfrentar los efectos colaterales de la pandemia en la sociedad y en la economía. La pandemia no sólo acabó con la vida de más de cinco millones de personas en dos años, sino que además profundizó el desequilibrio económico global acrecentado por la crisis financiera de 2008. A pesar de las medidas promovidas por la Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS) y los gobiernos mundiales con el fin de controlar la dispersión del Sars Cov-2 y desarrollar esfuerzos fiscales para contrarrestar los impactos negativos del virus, las brechas de crecimiento y de desarrollo entre países desarrollados y en vía de desarrollo, son cada vez más grandes.
Public Emergency Threatening the Life of the Nation
Authors: Michalska Anna
Published: March 2022

The paper is an English translation of Niebezpieczeństwo publiczne, które zagraża życiu narodu by Anna Michalska, published originally in Polish in Prawa człowieka w sytuacjach nadzwyczajnych, ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem prawa i praktyki polskiej in 1997. The text is published as a part of a jubilee edition of the “Adam Mickiewicz University Law Review. 100th Anniversary of the Department of Public International Law” devoted to the achievements of the representatives of the Poznań studies on international law.
The Invalidity of International Treaties and Jus Cogens
Authors: Sandorski Jan
Published: March 2022

The paper is an English translation of Nieważność umów międzynarodowych by Jan Sandorski, published originally in Polish in 1978. The text is published as a part of a jubilee edition of the “Adam Mickiewicz University Law Review. 100th Anniversary of the Department of Public International Law” devoted to the achievements of the representatives of the Poznań studies on international law.
Strip spraying technology for precise herbicide application in carrot fields
Authors: Rybacki Piotr , Przygodziński Przemysław , Blecharczyk Andrzej , Kowalik Ireneusz , Osuch Andrzej , Osuch Ewa
Published: March 2022

The aim of this empirical field research was to show potential differences due to the precise application of herbicides in the quality and size of the carrot root yield and the amount of working liquid used compared to those for control samples. Empirical verification of the effectiveness of the developed technology, confirmed by statistical analyses of the obtained results, allows for a comparative assessment of this method with the conventional method of herbicide application used in this study. Due to the methodology used, it can be assumed that for carrots, the years were a random factor, and the experiments carried out were a series. It can be assumed that in the analysis of a series of experiments, for each of the examined features there are no differences between the groups and there is no interaction of the groups with the years. The yields of the groups weeded manually, sprayed in a conventional way, and weeded with precise spraying did not differ in a statistically significant way. In the precise application, a 20–30% lower herbicide consumption was observed, which has an impact on the protection of the environment and improves the economic effect of carrot production.
Monodromic model for Khovanov–Rozansky homology
Authors: Bezrukavnikov Roman , Tolmachov Kostiantyn
Published: March 2022

We describe a new geometric model for the Hochschild cohomology of Soergel bimodules based on the monodromic Hecke category studied earlier by the first author and Yun. Moreover, we identify the objects representing individual Hochschild cohomology groups (for the zero and the top degree cohomology this reduces to an earlier result of Gorsky, Hogancamp, Mellit and Nakagane). These objects turn out to be closely related to explicit character sheaves corresponding to exterior powers of the reflection representation of the Weyl group. Applying the described functors to the images of braids in the Hecke category of type A we obtain a geometric description for Khovanov–Rozansky knot homology, essentially different from the one considered earlier by Webster and Williamson.
Malachite green dye removal using ceramsite-supported nanoscale zero-valent iron in a fixed-bed reactor
Authors: Li Tianpeng , Chen Hongkai , Wang Zhengqing , Ding Huadong , Xiao Ce , Li Ce , Sun Tingting
Published: March 2022

In this study, we prepared and characterized ceramsite-supported nanoscale zero-valent iron (nZVI). Malachite green (MG) dye removal from aqueous solutions using a fixed-bed reactor packed with the above composite material was investigated. This research was carried out according to the prophase study of the preparation and characterization of ceramsite material for water treatment using sintering method from solid wastes. The results indicated that ceramsite could be loaded with nZVI, mainly because of its magnetic property. With the decrease in the initial concentration and influent flow rate or the increase in the reaction temperature, the breakthrough curve became less steep. Meanwhile, the breakthrough and saturation points gradually shifted rightward. When the initial concentration was 10 mg·L−1, the reaction temperature was 25°C, and the influent flow rate was 5 mL·min−1, the breakthrough curve presented an irregular “S” shape, the breakthrough and saturation times were 230 and 515 h, respectively. The characterization of MG dye-containing wastewater treatment using ceramsite-supported nZVI in a fixed-bed reactor by employing the Yoon-Nelson kinetic model was superior to those using the Thomas and Adams-Bohart kinetic models, with R
2 > 0.96.
XET activity determination in powdered wood samples as an indicator of tension wood, tested on juvenile Populus x euramericana exposed to severe long-term static bending
Authors: Prokopijević Miloš , Simonović Radosavljević Jasna , Spasojević Dragica , Vojisavljević Katarina , Radotić Ksenija , Mitrović Aleksandra Lj
Published: March 2022

Leaning stems of woody plants form reaction wood, in hardwood trees termed tension wood (TW). Typical TW fibers, gelatinous fibers (G-fibers), are characterized by an inner gelatinous cell wall layer (G-layer). Xyloglucan endotransglycosylases (XETs) was proposed as the essential enzyme in cell wall modifications in TW, by making xyloglucan (XG) cross-links between G- and S2-layers in G-fibers, and thus maintaining their contact. The determination of TW presence in a sample is of great importance for the forest products industry, biofuel production, and tree physiology studies. However, TW is not easy to detect visually. The colorimetric assay for XET activity determination as an indicator of TW presence in a sample was tested on powdered stem segments of juvenile Populus x euramericana trees exposed to severe long-term static bending. In parallel, histochemical and ultrastructural characterization of stem samples of bent and control trees was performed. The tested colorimetric assay for XET activity determination could be suggested as a useful and easily applicable tool for fast screening of powdered wood samples for the presence of TW.
Desiderata for a Performative Hybrid Immersive Drawing Platform
Authors: Olivero Lucas Fabian , Araújo António Bandeira
Published: March 2022

We discuss the design requirements of a software platform for constructing immersive environments through handmade spherical perspective drawings in a performative setting, with concurrent interactive live feed of the spherical drawing’s VR visualization. We investigate current best practices and available software in order to extract functionalities, requirements, improvements, possible integrations and future developments.

We map the base requirements of the software from three sources: the state of the art of drawing techniques for spherical perspectives (equirectangular, azimuthal equidistant and cubical), the available software for their practice and the experimentation with novel hybrid artefacts. For the latter, we use a node-based program that allows us to prototype the workflow before entering a pure coding stage.

The desired software platform should integrate well within digital art practices, stimulate and facilitate the practice of anamorphic handmade spherical drawings, and expand spherical perspectives’ applications through the emerging media of Hybrid Immersive Models (HIMs).
Preserving Memories of Contemporary Witnesses Using Volumetric Video
Authors: Schreer Oliver , Worchel Markus , Diaz Rodrigo , Renault Sylvain , Morgenstern Wieland , Feldmann Ingo , Zepp Marcus , Hilsmann Anna , Eisert Peter
Published: March 2022

Volumetric Video is a novel technology that enables the creation of dynamic 3D models of persons, which can then be integrated in any 3D environment. In contrast to classical character animation, volumetric video is authentic and much more realistic and therefore ideal for the transfer of emotions, facial expressions and gestures, which is highly relevant in the context of preservation of contemporary witnesses and survivors of the Holocaust. Fraunhofer Heinrich-Hertz-Institute (HHI) is working on two projects in this cultural heritage context. In a recent project between UFA and Fraunhofer HHI, a VR documentary about the last German survivor of the Holocaust Ernst Grube has been produced. A second project started in collaboration with the University Munich, faculty of languages and literature and Geschwister-Scholl-institute for political science, creating a concept for a VR experience together with Dr. Eva Umlauf, the youngest Jewish survivor in the concentration camp in Auschwitz. This paper presents key aspects of volumetric video and details about both projects including a discussion about the user perspective in such a VR experience.
Reported completion of the USMLE Step 1 and match outcomes among senior osteopathic students in 2020
Authors: Nikolla Dhimitri A. , Stratford Chad V. , Bowers Kaitlin M.
Published: March 2022

Context

The United States Medical Licensing Examination (USMLE) is not required for osteopathic students to match into postgraduate programs; however, it is unknown if taking the test improves their chances of matching.

Objectives

Our objective was to determine the association between taking the USMLE Step 1 and matching into the applicant’s preferred specialty for senior osteopathic students applying to the 10 specialties to which students applied most in 2020.

Methods

We performed a secondary analysis of the free and publicly available 2020 National Residency Match Program (NRMP) published match report for senior osteopathic students. First, we determined the number of senior osteopathic students that matched into their preferred specialty vs those that did not and stratified them by reported completion of the USMLE Step 1 within each specialty. Next, we calculated odds ratios (ORs) within each specialty for senior osteopathic students matching into their preferred specialty with and without the USMLE Step 1 utilizing the Fisher’s exact test. Finally, we repeated the analysis with only senior osteopathic students who had reported USMLE Step 1 scores in ranges including or below the mean for those who matched in their specialty.

Results

For senior osteopathic students, reported completion of the USMLE Step 1 was associated with matching for those who applied to Internal Medicine (OR 3.3 [95% confidence interval 2.07 to 5.48]), Emergency Medicine (2.1 [1.35 to 3.17]), Pediatrics (4.4 [1.38 to 18.63]), Psychiatry (2.5 [1.34 to 4.98]), Anesthesiology (3.4 [1.57 to 7.32]), and General Surgery (3.1 [1.56 to 6.14]). After repeating the analysis with only senior osteopathic students who reported low USMLE Step 1 scores, the association remained significant for those who applied to Internal Medicine (2.5 [1.49 to 4.28]), Anesthesiology (2.6 [1.17 to 5.54]), and General Surgery (2.5 [1.24 to 5.04]).

Conclusions

In 2020, reported completion of the USMLE Step 1 by senior osteopathic students was associated with matching for those who applied to Internal Medicine, Emergency Medicine, Pediatrics, Psychiatry, Anesthesiology, and General Surgery. In addition, reported completion of the USMLE Step 1 with a low score was associated with matching for those who applied to Internal Medicine, Anesthesiology, and General Surgery.
Berry–Esseen inequalities for the fractional Black–Karasinski model of term structure of interest rates
Authors: Bishwal Jaya P. N.
Published: March 2022

The Black–Karasinski model is a one-factor non-affine interest rate model as it describes interest rate movements driven by a single source of randomness and the drift function is a nonlinear function of the interest rate. The drift parameters represent the
level and the speed of mean reversion of the interest rate. It belongs to the class of no-arbitrage models. The
paper introduces some new approximate minimum contrast estimators of
the mean reversion speed parameter in the
model based on discretely sampled data which are efficient and studies
their asymptotic distributional properties with precise rates of
convergence.
Logical and algebraic properties of generalized orthomodular posets
Authors: Chajda Ivan , Länger Helmut
Published: March 2022

Generalized orthomodular posets were introduced recently by D. Fazio, A. Ledda and the first author of the present paper in order to establish a useful tool for studying the logic of quantum mechanics. They investigated structural properties of these posets. In the present paper, we study logical and algebraic properties of these posets. In particular, we investigate conditions under which they can be converted into operator residuated structures. Further, we study their representation by means of algebras (directoids) with everywhere defined operations. We prove congruence properties for the class of algebras assigned to generalized orthomodular posets and, in particular, for a subvariety of this class determined by a simple identity. Finally, in contrast to the fact that the Dedekind-MacNeille completion of an orthomodular poset need not be an orthomodular lattice, we show that the Dedekind-MacNeille completion of a stronger version of a generalized orthomodular poset is nearly an orthomodular lattice.
Performance evaluation of a high-performance offshore cementing wastes accelerating agent
Authors: Hou Haiou , Ma Chunxu , Guo Xiaoxuan , Li Xinyu , Song Maolin , Fan Zhenzhong , Wang Biao
Published: March 2022

This article reports a quick-setting agent named AS-G1. In the current offshore oil exploitation, there are usually wastes mixed with the drilling fluid, completion fluid, cement slurry, etc. To protect the marine environment, offshore construction workers need to weakly solidify these wastes so that they can be transported to land for disposal. The accelerating agent can reduce the fluidity of offshore cementing wastes and achieve the effect of solidifying wastes. Compare the time for the three cement slurries to lose fluidity with the addition of accelerating agents. Evaluate the setting time of cement slurry under the action of the accelerating agent after adding two drilling fluids. The solidification effect of this kind of accelerating agent on cementing waste is verified. It can be applied to waste treatment in oil fields.
Modification of kaolinite/muscovite clay for the removal of Pb(II) ions from aqueous media
Authors: Tetteh Samuel , Ofori Albert , Quashie Andrew , Jääskeläinen Sirpa , Suvanto Sari
Published: March 2022

Natural clay extracted from the Central Region of Ghana was used for this study. Energy dispersive X-ray and powder X-ray diffraction analysis showed the composition of the clay to be 67.5% kaolinite and 32.5% muscovite. The samples were successfully modified by H2SO4 and NaOH activation. They were also characterized by scanning electron microscopic and Fourier transformed-infrared spectrophotometric techniques. Batch adsorption studies revealed that the samples are effective adsorbents for the removal of Pb(II) ions from aqueous media. Factors studied include contact time, pH, effect of ionic strength and the mass of adsorbent. Generally, the alkali activated samples had the highest adsorptive capacity followed by the acid activated clay. The kinetics of the adsorption process fitted the pseudo-second order model and the adsorption isotherm conformed to the Langmuir as well as the Freundlich models. All the experiments were carried out at room temperature (303 K).
Nudging in der Prävention: Was ist möglich, was ist vertretbar?
Authors: Loss Julika , von Sommoggy Julia
Published: March 2022

Durch „Nudging“ (englisch „to nudge” = anstupsen) soll die spontane Entscheidungsfindung hin zu einem gesünderen Verhalten beeinflusst werden. Kritisch daran zu sehen ist die paternalistische Tendenz des Ansatzes und die Vernachlässigung der Gesundheitskompetenz des Einzelnen. Für eine ethische Legitimität wäre es wünschenswert, „Nudges“ transparent einzusetzen. Geplante Nudging-Maßnahmen müssen jeweils im Hinblick auf Kontext und Zielgruppe ethisch hinterfragt werden.
Welche Ethik ist als Public Health-Ethik tauglich?
Authors: Hainz Tobias
Published: March 2022

Public Health und Ethik stehen in einem Zusammenhang insofern, als politische und andere Entscheidungen, die auf Erkenntnissen aus der Public Health-Forschung basieren, oft einer ethischen Rechtfertigung bedürfen. Es stellt sich jedoch die Frage, welche ethische Theorie überhaupt als Public Health-Ethik tauglich sei. Aus Kernmerkmalen von Public Health lassen sich Tauglichkeitskriterien ableiten, die, wie sich zeigt, insbesondere von einem subjektiven Regel-Utilitarismus erfüllt werden.
Does spirituality mitigate critical carers’ moral distress and strengthen their resilience? A scoping review protocol
Authors: Große Greta , Frick Eckhard , Schütte-Nütgen Katharina
Published: April 2022

Objective

The objective of this scoping review (Registration DOI:10.17605/OSF.IO/UYV9G) is to understand how critical care professionals’ (CCP) moral distress and spiritual resources impact on their resilience.

Introduction

Previous reviews failed in obtaining evidence for tailored intervention reducing CCPs’ moral distress. Although frequently mentioned, spiritual resources were not thoroughly explored.

Inclusion criteria

In order to describe elements of the inclusion criteria, the PCC-framework (Population, Concept, Context) will be applied. Participants are all CCP (nurses, physicians, physiotherapists, psychologists …). The concept is resilience, taking into account moral distress and spirituality. The context is critical care (preclinical emergency care, emergency room, intensive care unit). Other contexts such as palliative care wards are excluded.

Methods

We will search 13 databases and grey literature published in 2020–2022. A two-stage screening process by at least two independent reviewers will be used. First titles and abstracts will be scanned and then a full-text review of relevant articles will be done. The extracted data will be independently discussed by at least two reviewers.

Ethics and Dissemination

Ethical approval is not required for scoping reviews. Dissemination will include submission to peer-reviewed journals and presentations in conferences and workshops in the area of critical care.
„Florida-Rolf“ lässt grüßen
Authors: Rieger Bernhard
Published: March 2022

Während der Debatte um die Agenda 2010 erhob die Bild-Zeitung den in Florida ansässigen Sozialhilfeempfänger Rolf J. zum Symbol sozialstaatlicher Dysfunktionalität, um dem Ruf nach Reformen Nachdruck zu verleihen. Nach einer historischen Rekonstruktion der Auslandssozialhilfe als deutscher sozialstaatlicher Sonderpraxis analysiert Bernhard Rieger die von Bild initiierte Kampagne gegen „Florida-Rolf“ und andere „Sozialschmarotzer“. Der Fokus auf erwerbslose, häufig in unkonventionellen Familienverhältnissen lebende Männer verstärkte den Eindruck, bestehende Sozialgesetze ließen konventionelle Männlichkeitsnormen erodieren, verstärkten eine bedrohliche Krise der Arbeitsgesellschaft und bedürften zur Stärkung der Arbeitsethik einer grundsätzlichen Reform.
Bildungsaufstiege in der Wissenschaft. Zur Nicht-Reproduktion sozialer Ungleichheit beim Übergang von der Junior- auf die Lebenszeitprofessur
Authors: Zimmer Lena M.
Published: March 2022

Der Beitrag wendet sich einem in Bildungs- und Ungleichheitssoziologie weitgehend vernachlässigten Phänomen zu: Wie lässt sich die Nicht-Reproduktion sozialer Ungleichheit in einer bereits stark selektierten Population erklären? Untersucht wird, welche Faktoren dazu beitragen, dass Juniorprofessor*innen sog. bildungsferner Herkunft auf eine Lebenszeitprofessur berufen werden. Dieser Frage wird mit eigenen Befragungsdaten nachgegangen, die 2015 unter Juniorprofessor*innen erhoben wurden; die Ungleichheitssoziologie Bourdieus gibt die analytische Perspektive vor. Die Analysen zeigen, dass soziale Aufstiege durch (1) einen Mangel an bürgerlicher Gelassenheit, (2) einen ungerichteten Arbeitseifer und (3) eine asketische Lebensführung der Aufsteiger*innen erklärt werden können. Der Beitrag ergänzt eine eher defizitorientierte Ungleichheitsforschung dahingehend, dass mit einer sog. bildungsfernen Herkunft nicht nur Mängel und Benachteiligungen identifiziert werden, sondern auch Ressourcen, die den sozialen Aufstieg begünstigen.
Disposition bei schwankendem Bedarf
Authors: Friemuth Ulrich , Hartweg Elmar
Published: March 2022

Die artikelspezifische Auswahl von Prognoseverfahren ist eine notwendige Voraussetzung für eine differenzierte Disposition. Um diese Zielsetzung zu realisieren, müssen für einzelne Artikel entsprechend ihrem Bedarfsverlauf geeignete Prognoseverfahren ausgewählt werden.
Motivation, ohne zu motivieren
Authors: Bullinger Hans-Jörg , Korge Axel
Published: March 2022

Zahlreiche Unternehmen haben in jüngster Zeit überaus positive Erfahrungen mit einer Form der Motivation gemacht, die allen bisherigen Erkenntnissen und dem „gesunden Menschenverstand“ zu widersprechen scheint. Der Ansatz industrieller Praktiker ist ganz einfach: Gestalte das Unternehmen wirklich menschengerecht, und eine Motivierung mittels Druck und Anreizen ist nicht erforderlich.
Innovationen im Bereich wissensbasierter Diagnostik
Authors: Ziegler Susanne , Schwingeler Sabine , Malsch Thomas , Bamberger Stefan , Puppe Frank
Published: March 2022

Die Störungssuche, Fehlerdiagnose und Reparatur komplexer technischer Anlagen konfrontieren das zuständige Personal mit hohen Anforderungen. Wissensbasierte Diagnosesysteme waren bisher kaum in der Lage, die Maschinenexperten bei der Akquisition komplexen anlagendiagnostischen Wissens angemessen zu unterstützen. Im Rahmen der Implementierung eines wissensbasierten Diagnose- und Informationssystems in einem Maschinenbauunternehmen hat eine interdisziplinäre Forschungsgruppe neue Werkzeuge und Konzepte zur System- und Organisationsentwicklung erarbeitet.
Understanding perennial recruitment of child soldiers in the Democratic Republic of Congo
Authors: Shumba Munyayiwashe
Published: March 2022

Recruitment of child soldiers in armed conflict in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) has become a perennial problem despite efforts by local and international actors to put a stop to it. This paper launches a critical investigation into the underlying causes behind the continued recruitment of children as soldiers. More so, in light of economic challenges in a war tone country, where there is no school, no recreational facilities and no proper services, this paper seeks to establish how the implementation of the Vancouver Principles can be made a total success in such conditions.
Belgium’s Chairmanship of the Security Council Working Group on Children and Armed Conflict (2019-2020)
Authors: Verstichel Annelies
Published: March 2022

Children’s rights in general and the UN’s Children and Armed Conflict (CAAC) Agenda in particular have been a foreign policy priority of the Government of Belgium for decades, both in financial and in policy terms. As a result, awarding Belgium the chairmanship of the Security Council Working Group on CAAC (SCWG-CAAC) was the logical result of this commitment and a unanimous decision by the UNSC members when distributing chairmanships of subsidiary bodies to the incoming non-permanent UNSC members at the end of 2018.This article looks at the objectives of Belgium’s chairmanship of the SCWG-CAAC (2019-2020) and to what extent they were achieved. It furthermore analyzes the SCWG-CAAC conclusions, their structure, and the traditionally challenging points in the negotiations. Finally, the article concludes by reflecting on gaps and opportunities moving forward.
Celebrating 25 Years of the UN’s Children and Armed Conflict Mandate: How Far Have We Come, and Where Do We Go from Here?
Authors: Lapar Adrianne
Published: March 2022

Twenty-five years ago, the international community issued an urgent call to protect children affected by armed conflict. Horrified by the findings of Graça Machel’s historic study on the impacts of war on children, the United Nations General Assembly established the Children and Armed Conflict (CAAC) mandate in December 1996.Since then, the CAAC agenda has expanded and become one of the most significant, dynamic, and broadly supported multilateral initiatives within the UN system. It provides international policymakers a unique set of tools for promoting the protection of children in war and addressing grave violations of their rights. Even in today’s increasingly polarized world, policymakers can rally around the notion that no child should suffer the horrors of war.Despite progress, children continue to face the devastating impacts of armed conflict. In 2020, the UN documented nearly 24,000 grave violations against children. More children are living in conflict zones than at any time in the previous two decades. At the same time, the rapid expansion of the global counterterrorism agenda threatens to unravel established laws and norms for protecting children’s rights. The COVID-19 pandemic has further exacerbated children’s vulnerability to rights violations and other forms of exploitation and abuse.This commentary reflects on the progress made over the past 25 years, remaining gaps and challenges, and emerging concerns for children in war. It also provides recommendations for the years ahead.
Modalización de los verbos en infinitivo en el castellano andino
Authors: Esquivel Villafana Jorge
Published: March 2022

En el presente trabajo, nos permitimos ofrecerles la descripción de un fenómeno de corte sintáctico registrado en el castellano de Ayacucho, consistente en el empleo de las formas verbales conjugadas del subjuntivo por las formas no personales del infinitivo, el cual hemos dado en presentarlo como un caso de modalización de los verbos en infinitivo en el castellano andino.
Christopher Moseley. Atlas de las Lenguas del Mundo en Peligro
Authors: Escobar Zapata Emérita
Published: March 2022

El Atlas de las lenguas del Mundo en Peligro, reeditado por  la UNESCO, gracias al respaldo económico del gobierno noruego, aparece al finalizar la primera década del siglo XXI, con datos actualizados de alrededor de 2,500 lenguas, distribuidas en las distintas regiones del planeta, listadas y clasificadas de acuerdo a un criterio que torna en cuenta  seis niveles o escalas de vitalidad, que van desde las que están 'a salvo' hasta las ya 'extintas y, a la vez, han utilizado el criterio de trasmisión intergeneracional para lograr una mejor medición del grado de funcionalidad. Se trata de un trabajo bastante exhaustivo desarrollado por un equipo de lingüistas de amplia trayectoria en esta línea de investigación.
Epistemologías culturalmente específicas
Authors: Solís Fonseca Gustavo
Published: March 2022

En esta trabajo, nos preguntamos sobre las posibilidades del desarrollo de la investigación científica sobre bases interculturales, no solo en cuanto actividad sino sobre todo en términos epistemológicos; superando los estrechos marcos de una concepción de ciencia culturalmente específica como la occidental y aprovechando la diversidad de cosmovisiones existentes en un espacio pluricultural como el peruano.
La formación escolar y la ciudadanía en el Perú rural andino: el papel comunicativo de la organización espacial
Authors: Grim-Feinberg Kate
Published: March 2022

Este artículo, basado en trabajo de campo en una escuela primaria de la provincia de Lucanas (Ayacucho, Perú), destaca el papel comunicativo que tiene la organización espacial de los niños en las formaciones escolares. Sugiero que la formación podría ser particularmente destacada en comunidades campesinas que históricamente han quedado fuera de lo imaginario nacional—la forma de líneas rectas podría estar orientada a formar sujeto-ciudadanos que sean ordenados, orientados al progreso y unidos con una comunidad nacional imaginada. Además la forma de espectáculo crea un vínculo entre las normas de ciudadanía que se enseñan en la formación y los múltiples espectáculos en los cuales participan los niños en la vida comunal campesina. Estos resultados preliminares señalan la importancia de considerar la organización espacial dentro y fuera de la escuela como un elemento significativo en la formación ciudadana y un tema clave para reflexionar para la promoción de una ciudadanía incluyente.
“Cambios y continuidades socioculturales de los Ashéninka de Ponchoni (gran pajonal)”
Authors: Vílchez Jiménez Elsa
Published: March 2022

Presentamos los diferentes modos en que varios actores sociales de Ponchoni se insertan a la sociedad mayor y de cómo se han ido dando los cambios en su entorno a fin de auscultar las características recurrentes de la identidad ashéninka. Incluimos a una persona andina.
La intelectualidad indígena y su rol en la revitalización cultural y lingüística de sus pueblos
Authors: Meneses Tutaya Norma
Published: March 2022

En este artículo se discute la existencia de una intelectualidad indígena andina y amazónica asentada en el territorio comunal originario y en el contexto urbano de los pueblos y ciudades del país que conscientemente interactúan por el desarrollo de su comunidad. La concepción de esta intelectualidad recoge la tradición de los sabios de la comunidad y la modernización de los profesionales y empresarios indígenas. Ambas vertientes de la intelectualidad indígena presentan contradicciones; especialmente en el sector de los indígenas urbanos que se ven envueltos en procesos de aculturación y mudanza de lenguas de manera más apremiante. No obstante, en la actualidad la intelectualidad indígena van asumiendo su liderazgo sociocultural y político y, creciente y conscientemente, tiene un rol fundamental en la revitalización cultural y lingüística de sus pueblos, además de su tareas más urgentes como la defensa de su territorio y sus derechos humanos y ciudadanos.
Análisis pragmático de la jerga técnica de los estudiantes de UNALM
Authors: Loayza Maturrano Edward Faustino
Published: March 2022

El presente artículo enfoca el estudio del léxico jergal técnico de los estudiantes de la Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina mediante un análisis pragmático cualitativo de las múltiples variaciones en la expresión y el significado, y su contextualización dentro de las diversas situaciones comunicativas en que son emitidas. Para ello, se emplea el método hermenéutico, reconociendo, interpretando y caracterizando la pluralidad de mensajes y de significados de tipo pragmático y social. Los resultados consignan la naturaleza de la realidad de la situación sociolingüística y pragmática de este lenguaje oral.
Prácticas comunicativas entre los ashéninka de ponchoni de la amazonía peruana
Authors: Vílchez Jiménez Elsa
Published: March 2022

Damos cuenta de algunas formas comunicativas de los ashéninka de Ponchoni del Gran Pajonal, cómo se transmite a los hijos, cómo se practica. Las modalidades son particulares en el ámbito amazónico por su relación con la naturaleza, por el manejo de los mitos y por el perfil discursivo del líder.
Esquemas cognitivo-semánticos de los sistemas de cuantificación indefinida en quechua y asháninka
Authors: Llanto Chávez Lilia
Published: March 2022

El artículo presenta importantes resultados iniciales sobre un registro de cuantificadores no definidos tanto en quechua como en asháninka. Existen diferentes esquemas cognitivos de cuatificación indefinida en las lenguas del estudio, en comparación con las que producen los hablantes del castellano, por ejemplo. Los hablantes de las lenguas originarias como el quechua y el asháninka relacionan las expresiones de cantidad no definida con la noción de unidades de cantidad de modo holístico; estos cuantificadores se relacionan con referentes físicos, observables porque el desarrollo de las nociones de cantidad en estas lenguas obedece a un marco cultural propio.