bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Tavşanlarda Tarantula Cubensis Ekstraktı ve Düşük Enerjili Lazer Uygulanan Deneysel Kemik Defektlerinin İyilesmesinde Osteonektin ve Ostekalsinin Etkilerinin Araştırılması
Authors: ALTAN Semih , SAĞSÖZ Hakan
Published: December 2020

Kemik dokunun yeniden şekillenmesi, döngüsel ve uzun bir süreç olarak karakterize edilir. Bu dinamiklerin biyolojik bir süreç tarafından tetiklenmediği, aynı zamanda biyokimyasal, elektriksel ve mekanik uyaranların kemik dokusunun devamlılığının sağlanmasında anahtar faktörler olduğu kabul edilmektedir. Bu çalışmada, Düşük Enerjili Lazer (DEL) ve T. Cubensis Ekstraktı (TCE) uygulamalarının kemik onarımını destekleyebileceği hipotezinden yola çıkarak, kemik iyileşmesi ve mineralizasyonun belirteçlerinden olan Osteokalsin (OC) ve Osteonektin (ON) ekspresyon yoğunlukları üzerindeki etkilerini ortaya koymayı amaçlandık. Çalışmada Dicle Üniversitesi Deney Hayvanları Ünitesinden temin edilen toplam 54 adet 6-8 aylık erkek tavşan (2.5-3 kg) kullanıldı. Tavşanlar operasyon sonrası her bir grupta 18 adet olacak şekilde 3 ana uygulama grubuna ayrıldı. Operasyon sonrası DEL ve TCE kemik defekti oluşturulan bölgeye uygulandı. Tavşanlarda defekt oluşturulan kemik dokudan elde edilen kesitlerde OC ve ON’nin defekt bölgesindeki lokalizasyonlarını ve ekpresyonlarını belirlemek için immunohistokimyasal yöntem uygulandı. Kortikal ve spongioz kemiklerde sekonder kemik oluşumuna paralel olarak OC ve ON ekspresyonlarının değişkenlik gösterdiği belirlendi. OC ekspresyonunun DEL ve TCE gruplarında, kontrol grubuna göre daha yüksek olduğu saptandı. Kontrol grubunda 7, 21 ve 28 günlerde ON ekspresyonlarının nisbeten zayıf ve benzer olduğu, buna karşın DEL ve TCE gruplarında uygulamaların 7. ve 21. günlerde ON ekspresyonun nisbeten zayıf, 28. günde ise ON ekspresyonun yüksek olduğu dikkati çekti. Sonuç olarak, tavşan kemik defekti modelinde düşük enerjili lazer ve t. cubensis uygulamalarının kemik iyileşmesi sırasında OC ve ON ekspresyonlarını artırdığı ve uygulama günlerine göre OC ve ON ekspresyonlarındaki kademeli artışın erken kemik iyileşmesinin desteklenmesinde önemli potansiyellere sahip olabileceğini göstermiştir.
O trabalho do (a) Assistente Social no INSS: contribuições para a saúde do trabalhador a partir da reabilitação profissional
Authors: Flôres Silvana Stedile , Wünsch Dolores Sanches
Published: December 2020

Este artigo analisa o trabalho do (a) Assistente Social no Instituto Nacional do Seguro Social (INSS) e sua contribuição para a garantia do direito à Saúde do Trabalhador, a partir da Reabilitação Profissional. O estudo é de natureza qualitativa com caráter exploratório. A investigação ocorreu em três Gerências Executivas do INSS, do sul do país, com Assistentes Sociais que atuam no Serviço Previdenciário de Serviço Social. Como resultado se encontrou desafios importantes para o trabalho profissional no âmbito da Saúde do Trabalhador e no reconhecimento do seu objeto de trabalho. Fica evidente seu papel na articulação intrainstitucional e intersetorial e nos mecanismos de legitimação do Serviço Social nessa área. Conclui-se que há importante contribuição profissional para a Saúde do Trabalhador e a Proteção Social, a partir da Reabilitação Profissional mesmo diante dos desafios históricos desse serviço.
Creative solutions to common groupwork problems
Authors: Beeson Helena , Byles Richard
Published: December 2020

This case study considers a new workshop activity designed to provide the opportunity for students in the Faculty of Business and Law (FBL) to practice the skills associated with groupwork. A need was established through discussions between Faculty tutors and the authors, a Learning Development tutor and a Learning Technologist, for learners to model the process utilising technology. A scenario workshop was devised where groups negotiated, scripted and filmed responses to given team problems. The prospect of potentially advising future students through video without being assessed appeared to galvanise groups and received positive feedback. Surveys were taken at the beginning of the process to establish participants’ previous experiences of groupwork, and this data informed five scenarios for future cohorts to storyboard their strategies. Feedback on the workshop activity has demonstrated that using video technologies together with scenario-based role-play can be an effective strategy in helping students to become effective group members.
On peer reviewing: how to nourish an author’s mind and win a JLDHE editor’s heart
Authors: Loughlin Eleanor , Syska Alicja , Sedghi Gita , Howell-Richardson Christina
Published: December 2020

Editors and publishers of scholarly journals rarely agree on what makes for a good publication; they do, however, agree on the need for a robust peer review process as a crucial means to judge the merits of potential publications. While fraught with issues and inefficiencies, a critical and supportive peer review is not only what editors rely on when assessing scholarship presented for publication but also what authors hope for in order to improve their work. Understanding how peer review may best serve all parties involved: authors, editors, and reviewers, is thus at the heart of this article. The analysis offered here is based on a session the Journal for Learning Development in Higher Education editors gave at the 2020 LD@3 seminar series, entitled ‘The Art of Reviewing’. It explores the different aspects of the peer review process while formulating recommendations regarding best practices and outlining JLDHE initiatives for supporting reviewers’ vital work.
The Impact of Privatization of IDBI Bank in Indian Economy
Authors: Kumar Vishal , Ganguly Soumak , Ghosh Payal , Pal Manisha
Published: December 2020

Privatization refers to the public shares and Assets which are sold to the private sector in the economy. It decreases the power of government control and creates the other policies method. Privatization leads to cutting short the capital and revenue expenditure, which leads to an increase in share value in the market. During the pre-privatization period, the government used to pay less amounts of dividends to its shareholders due to its complex cost structure. Privatization leads to cutting short the capital and revenue expenditure, which leads to an increase in share value in the market. It also gave information about Public and Private sector banks. Our objective is to compare the pre and post-privatization performance like other banks of developing countries shows that privatization resulted in significant gains in profitability and efficiency. To evaluate the impact of privatization in the Indian banking sector and the relationship between privatization and Indian Economic growth by using a case study of IDBI bank condition of Indian private sector banks is analyzed using the financial statement of IDBI Bank with the help of different research methodologies.
Informing Canadian Innovation Policy Through a Decolonizing Lens on Indigenous Entrepreneurship and Innovation
Authors: Tamtik Merli
Published: December 2020

While Indigenous entrepreneurship is associated with significant economic promise, Indigenous innovation continues to be invisible in Canadian policy contexts. This article examines how Indigenous entrepreneurial activities are framed in government policy, potentially leading to another wave of active exploitation of Indigenous lands, peoples, and knowledges. The article first discusses the concepts of Indigenous entrepreneurship and innovation through a decolonizing lens, drawing links to education. Then, it provides a set of rationales for why governments need to re-think and prioritize Indigenous entrepreneurship. Next, it maps the current federal government initiatives in this policy sector. Drawing from the Indigenous entrepreneurship ecosystem approach (Dell & Houkamau, 2016; Dell et al., 2017), the article argues that a more comprehensive policy perspective guiding Indigenous entrepreneurship programs should inform Canadian innovation policy. Individual voices from 13 Indigenous entrepreneurs in Manitoba point to three core issues: (a) relationships with the land and the community; (b) the relevance of (higher) education and training; and (c) the importance of cultural survival and self-determination. The article makes an argument for a systemic decolonizing change in how Indigenous innovation is approached in government policyand programs, supported by the work of higher education institutions.
http://habibiaislamicus.com/index.php/hirj/article/view/147
Authors:   Assistant Professor, Department of Arabic, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur., Nazar Shabana , Saifee Abdul Rehman
Published: December 2020

The Life History of “ Jurji Zaydan ”, His Personality and His landmark services in the Arabic Language and its Literature generally and History of Islam and Arabic Literature particularly are enlightened in this paper. He was a famous Arab Historian, Author, Writer, Novelist, Journalist, Linguist and Interpreter of Modern Period. His works of Arabic History and Arabic Literature were revolutionary. He is a great Novelist in this Modern Period. He wrote several books on History of Islam & Arabic Literature and a series of Novels on Big personalities of Islam, which serve the purpose of a resource and authentic materials. People from all walks of life can find his books as a resource to access due to the intellectual and authentic information they carry. He is not only a famous Historian, but He is a famous Writer and a great Novelist of 20th Century, Who wrote a series of Islamic Historical Novels. Thus, this paper is the depiction of Jurji Zaydan’s life history, his services, his books, Novels especially introduction of Novel ‘Azra-o-Quresh’ for the facilitation of upcoming researchers.
e-Procurement and Purchase Algorithm for Supply Chain Management
Authors: Moharana Himanshu Sekhar , Murty J. S. , Sahoo D.K , Khuntia K.
Published: December 2020

A technique is developed for use in supply-chain management that assists the decision-making process for purchases of direct goods. Based on projections for future prices and demand, Request for quotes are constructed and quotes are accepted that optimize the level of inventory each day, while minimizing total cost. The problem is modeled as a Markov decision process, which allows for the computation of the utility of actions to be based on the utilities of consequential future states. Dynamic programming is then used to determine the optimal quote requests and accepts at each state in Markov Decision Process. A mathematical algorithm for purchasing can also be developed which is suitable for manufacturing companies to solve the supply chain management problems.
Correlation between Mother's Behavior with Periodontal Status and Periodontal Treatment Needs in Children with Autism
Authors: Puteri Mega Moeharyono , Saskianti Tania , Ananda Ridha Rizki
Published: December 2020

Background. Autism is a neurological and developmental disorder. Children with autism have problems related to physical, psychological, and mental barriers that can hinder their ability to achieve optimal dental health status. Maintaining the dental health of children with autism is influenced by parents' teaching skills and habits. From previous study, there were about 17.4% children with autism in Saudi Arabia suffering from bleeding of the gingiva. Periodontal disease is often found in children with autism.

Objective. This study analyzes the relationship between mother’s behavior with periodontal status and periodontal treatment needs of children with autism.

Methods. Analytical observational study with cross-sectional approach at AGCA Centre Surabaya with a total sample of 34 pairs of children with autism and their mothers. This study used the HU-DBI questionnaire which consisted of knowledge, attitude, and mother’s action and oral examination of children with autism with the CPITN index.

Results. Of the children with autism, 55.8% had healthy periodontal status. The knowledge, attitudes, and actions of mothers were high. Statistical results with Spearmen correlation test obtained a value of p>0.05 on aspects of knowledge, attitudes, and actions towards the CPITN index and periodontal treatment needs.

Conclusion. There was no significant correlation between the mother’s behavior and the periodontal status and periodontal treatment needs of children with autism in managing their oral health.
Management of Short Alveolar Bone with Implant Retained Splinted Crown
Authors: Rahmania Primanda Nur , Agustono Bambang , Hendrijantini Nike , Aditya Ari Muhammad Dimas
Published: December 2020

Implant placement on maxillary posterior region has some limitations because of limited bone height, low bone density, and anatomical consideration involving the floor of the maxillary sinus. A 56-year-old male with a history of hypertension and stroke, consulted for edentulous in teeth 25 and 26 with limited bone height. A short implant for 26 (Ø 4.8 mm; 4 mm) and 25 (Ø 4.1 mm; 10 mm) were placed and splint crown was performed after 6 months.
Orthodontic Treatment in the Rehabilitation of Congenitally Maxillary Lateral Incisors Agenesis with Multiple Maxillary Anterior Diastema
Authors: Fatimah Bunga , Narmada Ida Bagus
Published: December 2020

The maxillary lateral incisor is the second most common congenitally absent tooth. This is a case of a 25-year-old with maxillary lateral incisors agenesis, multiple maxillary anterior diastema. Pre-adjusted technique was used, gingivectomy and frenectomy to release tooth movement. Patient’s profile was straight, interdental relationship was class I, enlarged space of maxillary lateral incisors, space was replaced by prostheses. The treatment of maxillary lateral incisors agenesis responsible for orthodontic, periodontic and prosthodontic achieved a pleasant aesthetic and function.
Suspected Non-Syndromic Oligodontia – A Rare Case with 13 Agenesis
Authors: Sari Dian Lupita , Pradopo Seno , Nelwan Sindy Cornelia , Utomo Haryono , Tedjosasongko Udijanto
Published: December 2020

Oligodontia is a condition in which the patient has more than six ageneses, excluding the third molars. Whereas the absence of one tooth is quite common, oligodontia is a rare congenital condition that can happen with or without the syndrome. The condition happens due to disturbances during odontogenesis process. Management of oligodontia is a long-term process, and it involves prosthetic, restorative, and orthodontic treatment to support the oral function and esthetic of the patient. This article aims to report a rare case of agenesis of 13 permanent teeth (excluding third molars) in an 11-year-old girl and her treatment plan.
Ruptura ureteral espontánea: reporte de tres casos
Authors: Casco Stephania , Andrade Daniel , Macip Gerardo , Garay Jorge , Soto-Vega Elena , Arroyo Carlos
Published: December 2020

ANTECEDENTES: La ruptura espontánea del uréter es poco frecuente; se asocia con dolor abdominal y debe considerarse como diagnóstico diferencial en pacientes con cólico renal, sin ninguna causa subyacente aparente. Se ha propuesto que la impactaciónretención de cálculos (litos) en la pared del uréter puede producir erosión y ulceración.CASO CLÍNICO: Se describen tres casos de ruptura ureteral espontánea sin causa aparente. El tratamiento en dos pacientes consistió en la colocación de un catéter doble J endoscópico y en un caso se efectuó drenaje abierto para reparar la ruptura. Se prescribió tratamiento profiláctico con ceftriaxona para prevenir infecciones. Los pacientes evolucionaron adecuadamente; la urotomografía de control no mostró alteraciones ni complicaciones adicionales aparentes.CONCLUSIONES: La ruptura ureteral es una lesión poco común; algunos reportes de ruptura espontánea sugieren como principales causas: retención urinaria, linfomas y quimioterapia.PALABRAS CLAVE: Ruptura espontánea; uréter; dolor abdominal; cólico renal; pared ureteral; fluoroscopia.
Adrenalectomía laparoscópica en un paciente con quiste broncogénico
Authors: Briseño Renteria Juan Ivan , López Verdugo José Francisco , Estrada Bujanos Juan Miguel , Camacho Trejo Victor Florentino , Quintero Badillo Juan Eduardo , Tejeda Andrade José Francisco , CASTRO ZAZUETA SAID , Morales Mondragón Juan Carlos
Published: December 2020

ANTECEDENTES: Los quistes broncogénicos son formaciones congénitas provenientes del desarrollo fetal anómalo del árbol traqueobronquial. El sitio más común es el tórax; sin embargo, se han reportado casos excepcionales en el abdomen, debido al retraso en la migración de estructuras abdominales durante la gestación. CASO CLÍNICO: Paciente femenina de 53 años de edad, que acudió al servicio de Urgencias con dolor agudo en la fosa renal izquierda, sin reacción al tratamiento con analgésicos convencionales. La urotomografía computada evidenció la glándula adrenal con una masa de bordes bien definidos, de 7.1 x 4.3 x 6.0 cm, sin realce con la administración del medio de contraste (densidad promedio de 37 UH), sugerente de un quiste con contenido denso. La resonancia magnética en secuencia T2 mostró una masa retroperitoneal adyacente a la parte interna del riñón, que desplazaba la glándula suprarrenal izquierda, de 38 x 67 mm de diámetro en corte axial. En secuencia T1 se comportó de manera hiperintensa, pero no se observó reforzamiento con el paso del medio de contraste, que también fue sugerente de un quiste. Se decidió la adrenalectomía laparoscópica izquierda, sin complicaciones transquirúrgicas y con sangrado estimado de 100 cc. Con el reporte histopatológico se estableció el diagnóstico de quiste bronquial subdiafragmático.CONCLUSIÓN: Los pacientes con quistes broncogénicos suelen cursar asintomáticos y su diagnóstico es fortuito. El tratamiento retroperitoneal consiste en la extirpación quirúrgica. Los quistes broncogénicos deben considerarse en el diagnóstico diferencial de masas suprarrenales.PALABRAS CLAVE: Quiste broncogénico; laparoscopia; glándula suprarrenal; adrenalectomía; quiste broncogénico retroperitoneal.
Prevalencia de vejiga hiperactiva en la Ciudad de México. Resultados de un análisis preliminar
Authors: Cruz Ruíz José , Farrera Gonzalez Viviana , Ransom Rodríguez Adrián , Ávalo Jiménez Julio César , Landa Soler Martín , González Serrano Adolfo , Cortez Betancourt Roberto , Marín Acosta Delfino De Jesús , Torres Aguilar Jesús , Herrera Muñoz Javier Antonio , Cantellano Orozco Mauricio , Castro Marín Melchor , Sosa Anau Nayelli , García Mora Arturo , Rodríguez Covarrubias Francisco Tomás
Published: December 2020

OBJETIVO: Determinar la prevalencia de vejiga hiperactiva y su repercusión (grado de afectación) en la calidad de vida de pacientes captados en cinco centros hospitalarios de la Ciudad de México. MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS: Estudio descriptivo, transversal y observacional efectuado mediante la recolección prospectiva de expedientes provenientes de la consulta externa de Medicina general, Medicina familiar o Medicina interna de cinco centros hospitalarios de la Ciudad de México, entre enero y diciembre de 2017. Se solicitó a los participantes responder el cuestionario ICIQ-OAB (versión validada en español), en una sola ocasión y durante la misma visita. Los pacientes se dividieron en grupos etarios decenales a partir de 18 años. Para el análisis de los datos se utilizó estadística descriptiva. RESULTADOS: Al momento del análisis intermedio, se contó con las encuestas de 352 participantes. El 72% (n = 253) reportó urgencia urinaria, como síntoma cardinal de vejiga hiperactiva (78 vs 66% en mujeres y hombres, respectivamente, p<0.05). Los síntomas moderados-severos se reportaron en 16% de los pacientes mayores de 57 años de edad. Los síntomas severos fueron más frecuentes en mujeres (68%). El 31% de los casos refirió afectación moderada-severa en la calidad de vida. El principal síntoma concomitante fue nicturia (81%); sin embargo, la incontinencia urinaria de urgencia provocó mayor molestia en los pacientes (32%). CONCLUSIÓN: La urgencia urinaria (síntoma cardinal de la vejiga hiperactiva) es una alteración con elevada prevalencia en la población de la Ciudad de México. PALABRAS CLAVE: Síntomas de la vía urinaria inferior; vejiga hiperactiva; calidad de vida.
Complications of retrograde ureteroscopy. Prevention, early recognition, and treatment
Authors: Cruz Ruíz José , Pulido Negrete Oscar Raul , Méndez Probst Carlos Enrique
Published: December 2020

La ureteroscopia es un procedimientos comúnmente efectuado en pacientes con diversos padecimientos del aparato urinario superior. Debido al progreso en la tecnología y desarrollo de destrezas médicas se ha incrementado su utilización en todo el mundo, por lo que actualmente representa un método fundamental en el área de la urología. Sin embargo, como cualquier otro procedimiento quirúrgico, la ureteroscopia no está exenta de complicaciones, de tal modo que el conocimiento y experiencia es de suma importancia para la práctica urológica. Por tanto, el objetivo de este estudio fue revisar las complicaciones más frecuentes en la práctica de la ureteroscopia. PALABRAS CLAVE: Ureteroscopia; complicaciones intraoperatorias; urolitiasis.
Tratamiento quirúrgico del hipospadias. Experiencia de 10 años
Authors: Gonzalez Maldonado Adrian Alejandro , Manzo Pérez Gildardo , Vanzzini Guerrero Marco Antonio , Manzo Pérez Braulio Omar , Lozada Hernández Edgard Efrén , Sánchez López Héctor Manuel
Published: December 2020

ANTECEDENTES: El hipospadias es la segunda anomalía congénita urológica más frecuente en varones recién nacidos. En México se ha reportado una prevalencia de 2.6 por cada 10,000 nacimientos. Aunque existen diversas técnicas quirúrgicas, ninguna se ha estandarizado como tratamiento de elección. OBJETIVO: Analizar la experiencia de 10 años en el tratamiento de hipospadias, además de describir sus características, técnicas quirúrgicas y complicaciones. MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS: Estudio descriptivo, retrospectivo, observacional y transversal al que se incluyeron pacientes operados del hipospadias de 2008 a 2017. Evaluación y análisis de las características del hipospadias, técnicas quirúrgicas implementadas, complicaciones a corto y largo plazo, y tasa de éxito. Las variables categóricas se reportaron como frecuencia y porcentaje. Reporte de variables categóricas: frecuencia y porcentaje. Comparación de variables cualitativas con c2 o prueba exacta de Fisher. Estimación de medidas de asociación mediante el cálculo de razón de momios e intervalo de confianza de 95%. Se consideró estadísticamente significativo el valor de p < 0.05. RESULTADOS: Se registraron 190 pacientes en quienes se efectuó la corrección del hipospadias. De acuerdo con la localización del meato uretral, el hipospadias se clasificó en distal (42.6%), medio (29%) y proximal (28.4%). La edad media fue de 38.9 ± 30.6 meses. La técnica quirúrgica más utilizada fue la tubulización con incisión del plato (46.3%). Se reportaron complicaciones posoperatorias en 52.1% de los casos, principalmente fístula uretrocutánea (24.2%), asociada con la técnica de tubulización con incisión del plato (38.9%), seguida de Thiersch-Duplay (20.3%), Onlay (16.9%), Duckett (13.5%), glanduloplastia de aproximación (5.08%), Mathieu (3.3%) y avance meatal con glanduloplastia (1.6%). La dehiscencia del glande ocurrió en 15.7% y estenosis del meato en 7.8%. CONCLUSIONES: La corrección del hipospadias y sus complicaciones siguen siendo un reto para los cirujanos. Este estudio sirve de precedente para identificar las fallas y debilidades al momento de efectuar la corrección quirúrgica. La identificación de factores asociados con la disminución de las complicaciones permanece en investigación. PALABRAS CLAVE: Hipospadias; complicaciones; técnicas quirúrgicas; tubulización con incisión del plato.
Factores de riesgo asociados con infección de la vía urinaria provocada por superbacterias
Authors: Chavolla Canal Alan Johan , González Mercado Mirna Gisel
Published: December 2020

ANTECEDENTES: En los últimos años ha tomado relevancia la aparición de resistencia panfarmacológica de superbacterias en pacientes con infección de la vía urinaria. Aunque se han descrito algunos factores de riesgo, son pocas las publicaciones al respecto.OBJETIVO: Analizar en la población mexicana los factores de riesgo relacionados con la infección de la vía urinaria provocada por superbacterias.MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS: Estudio descriptivo y retrospectivo, en el que se analizaron los expedientes de urocultivos efectuados entre enero de 2007 y junio de 2015. Las variables de estudio fueron: sexo, edad, lugar de tratamiento, enfermedades relacionadas, antecedente de cirugías, servicio a cargo, razón de hospitalización, transfusión, tratamiento, sonda urinaria, cultivo de control y defunción. Para el análisis de los datos se utilizó estadística descriptiva.RESULTADOS: Se registraron 31 pacientes con infección urinaria provocada por superbacterias. Pseudomonas aeruginosa fue el microorganismo aislado con mayor frecuencia, predominantemente en hombres y en pacientes de la tercera edad. Las enfermedades con mayor prevalencia fueron: diabetes e hipertensión; el antecedente de transfusión y colocación de sonda urinaria representó un factor de riesgo asociado con la infección y tasa de mortalidad. Los antibióticos más prescritos fueron las cefalosporinas y la mortalidad general fue de 38.7%.CONCLUSIÓN: Ante la repercusión mundial de la resistencia panfarmacológica a los antibióticos hacen falta más estudios que contribuyan a disminuir la tasa de mortalidad. Este estudio proporciona información valiosa de los factores de riesgo asociados con infección de la vía urinaria por superbacterias.PALABRAS CLAVE: Factores de riesgo; cultivo de control urinario; superbacterias; Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
Metanormativity: solving questions of moral and empirical uncertainty
Authors: Corrêa Nicholas Kluge , Oliveira Nythamar Fernandes de
Published: December 2020

How can someone reconcile the desire to eat meat, and a tendency toward vegetarian ideals? How should we reconcile contradictory moral values? How can we aggregate different moral theories? How individual preferences can be fairly aggregated to represent a will, norm, or social decision? Conflict resolution and preference aggregation are tasks that intrigue philosophers, economists, sociologists, decision theorists, and many other scholars, being a rich interdisciplinary area for research. When trying to solve questions about moral uncertainty a meta understanding of the concept of normativity can help us to develop strategies to deal with norms themselves. 2nd-order normativity, or norms about norms, is a hierarchical way to think about how to combine many different normative structures and preferences into a single coherent decision. That is what metanormativity is all about, a way to answer: what should we do when we don’t know what to do?  In this study, we will review a decision-making strategy dealing with moral uncertainty, Maximization of Expected Choice-Worthiness. This strategy, proposed by William MacAskill, allows for the aggregation and inter-theoretical comparison of different normative structures, cardinal theories, and ordinal theories. In this study, we will exemplify the metanormative methods proposed by MacAskill, using has an example, a series of vegetarian dilemmas. Given the similarity to this metanormative strategy to expected utility theory, we will also show that it is possible to integrate both models to address decision-making problems in situations of empirical and moral uncertainty. We believe that this kind of ethical-mathematical formalism can be useful to help develop strategies to better aggregate moral preferences and solve conflicts.
Uma análise do materialismo histórico-dialético para o cenário da pós-verdade: contribuições histórico-críticas para o ensino de Ciências
Authors: Messeder Neto Hélio da Silva , Moradillo Edilson Fortuna de
Published: December 2020

Vivemos um momento de pandemia, a do coronavírus (Covid 19), e, ao mesmo tempo, um momento de grande perplexidade perante às alternativas que são colocadas para o seu enfrentamento, no qual o eixo condutor está sempre centrado nas preocupações com a reprodução do capital e com o mercado. Junto a isso, vivemos em um cenário de irracionalismo crescente em que discursos que desvalorizam o conhecimento científico são cada vez mais frequentes dentro e fora do ambiente acadêmico. Diante desse panorama, este artigo tem como objetivo fazer uma análise, a partir do materialismo histórico dialético, do cenário da pós-verdade e das implicações da relativização do conhecimento científico para o ensino de ciências. Para isso, resgatamos a categoria trabalho do materialismo histórico dialético e fazemos uma discussão sobre a prática como critério de verdade dentro do marxismo, mostrando como essas categorias podem nos ajudar a entender o contexto atual. Por fim, defendemos que neste cenário de crise estrutural do capital e irracionalismo, o ensino de ciências não pode se furtar de defender a verdade e disputar a concepção de mundo dos estudantes em sala de aula, de modo a apontar para uma outra sociedade não regida pela mercadoria.
O Ensino de Ciências e a leitura da modernidade e da pós-modernidade por Bruno Latour: reflexões acerca do surgimento de pós-verdades e concepções alternativas no Ensino de Física Moderna e Contemporânea no Ensino Fundamental II
Authors: Zanatta Ronnie Petter Pereira , Saavedra Filho Nestor Cortez
Published: December 2020

Neste trabalho discutimos o estabelecimento de “verdades científicas” desde a Revolução Científica do século XVI até o pós-guerra, na segunda metade do século XX, com o surgimento de uma visão pós-modernista da Ciência. Apresentamos como esta visão de mundo e de ciência pode contribuir para o reforço de concepções alternativas e o surgimento de pós-verdades no ensino de ciências. Em particular, discutimos sobre os “Science Studies” de Bruno Latour, sua concepção de não-modernidade, a noção de verdade científica enquanto rede e suas implicações para a aprendizagem de conceitos não sensíveis da Física Moderna e Contemporânea de estudantes do Ensino Fundamental II.
Visualization of Two Counter-rotating Supersonic Vortices
Authors: Borisov Vitaly , Davydov Alexander , Konstantinovskaya Tatiana , Lutsky Alexander
Published: December 2020

In this work, a visualization of supersonic counter-rotating vortices pair is performed using the methods of maximum vorticity and the λ2-criterion. Numerical data were obtained on the supercomputer system K-60 at the KIAM RAS using a parallel algorithm for modeling of turbulent flows.
Exploring the drivers of the increased ozone production in Beijing in summertime during 2005–2016
Authors: Wang Wenjie , Parrish David D. , Li Xin , Shao Min , Liu Ying , Mo Ziwei , Lu Sihua , Hu Min , Fang Xin , Wu Yusheng , Zeng Limin , Zhang Yuanhang
Published: December 2020

Abstract. In the past decade, average PM2.5 concentrations decreased rapidly
under the strong pollution control measures in major cities in China;
however, ozone (O3) pollution emerged as a significant problem. Here we examine a unique (for China) 12-year data set of ground-level O3 and precursor concentrations collected at an urban site in Beijing (PKUERS, campus of Peking University), where the maximum daily 8 h average (MDA8) O3 concentration and daytime Ox (O3+NO2) concentration in August increased by 2.3±1.2 ppbv (+3.3±1.8 %) yr−1 and 1.4±0.6
(+1.9±0.8 %) yr−1, respectively, from 2005 to 2016. In
contrast, daytime concentrations of nitrogen oxides (NOx) and the OH reactivity of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) both decreased
significantly. Over this same time, the decrease of particulate matter (and
thus the aerosol optical depth) led to enhanced solar radiation and
photolysis frequencies, with near-surface J(NO2) increasing at a rate of 3.6±0.8 % yr−1. We use an observation-based box model to analyze the combined effect of solar radiation and ozone precursor changes on ozone production rate, P(O3). The results indicate that the ratio of the rates of decrease of VOCs and NOx (about 1.1) is inefficient in reducing ozone production in Beijing. P(O3) increased during the decade due to more rapid atmospheric oxidation caused to a large extent by the decrease of particulate matter. This elevated ozone production was driven primarily by increased actinic flux due to PM2.5 decrease and to a lesser extent by reduced heterogeneous uptake of HO2. Therefore, the influence of PM2.5 on actinic flux and thus on the rate of oxidation of VOCs and NOx
to ozone and to secondary aerosol (i.e., the major contributor to
PM2.5) is important for determining the atmospheric effects of
controlling the emissions of the common precursors of PM2.5 and ozone
when attempting to control these two important air pollutants.
Probabilistic analysis of ambiguities in radar echo direction of arrival from meteors
Authors: Kastinen Daniel , Kero Johan
Published: December 2020

Abstract. Meteors and hard targets produce coherent radar echoes. If measured with an interferometric radar system, these echoes can be used to determine the position of the target through finding the direction of arrival (DOA) of the incoming echo onto the radar. Depending on the spatial configuration of radar-receiving antennas and their individual gain patterns, there may be an ambiguity problem when determining the DOA of an echo. Radars that are theoretically ambiguity-free are known to still have ambiguities that depend on the total radar signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). In this study, we investigate robust methods which are easy to implement to determine the effect of ambiguities on any hard target DOA determination by interferometric radar systems. We apply these methods specifically to simulate four different radar systems measuring meteor head and trail echoes, using the multiple signal classification (MUSIC) DOA determination algorithm. The four radar systems are the Middle And Upper Atmosphere (MU) radar in Japan, a generic Jones 2.5λ specular meteor trail radar configuration, the Middle Atmosphere Alomar Radar System (MAARSY) radar in Norway and the Program of the Antarctic Syowa Mesosphere Stratosphere Troposphere Incoherent Scatter (PANSY) radar in the Antarctic. We also examined a slightly perturbed Jones 2.5λ configuration used as a meteor trail echo receiver for the PANSY radar. All the results are derived from simulations, and their purpose is to grant understanding of the behaviour of DOA determination. General results are as follows: there may be a region of SNRs where ambiguities are relevant; Monte Carlo simulation determines this region and if it exists; the MUSIC function peak value is directly correlated with the ambiguous region; a Bayesian method is presented that may be able to analyse echoes from this region; the DOA of echoes with SNRs larger than this region are perfectly determined; the DOA of echoes with SNRs smaller than this region completely fail to be determined; the location of this region is shifted based on the total SNR versus the channel SNR in the direction of the target; and asymmetric subgroups can cause ambiguities, even for ambiguity-free radars. For a DOA located at the zenith, the end of the ambiguous region is located at 17 dB SNR for the MU radar and 3 dB SNR for the PANSY radar. The Jones radars are usually used to measure specular trail echoes far from zenith. The ambiguous region for a DOA at 75.5∘ elevation and 0∘ azimuth ends at 12 dB SNR. Using the Bayesian method, it may be possible to analyse echoes down to 4 dB SNR for the Jones configuration when given enough data points from the same target. The PANSY meteor trail echo receiver did not deviate significantly from the generic Jones configuration. The MAARSY radar could not resolve arbitrary DOAs sufficiently well enough to determine a stable region. However, if the DOA search is restricted to 70∘ elevation or above by assumption, stable DOA determination occurs above 15 dB SNR.
Validation of SMILES HCl profiles over a wide range from the stratosphere to the lower thermosphere
Authors: Nara Seidai , Sato Tomohiro O. , Yamada Takayoshi , Fujinawa Tamaki , Kuribayashi Kota , Manabe Takeshi , Froidevaux Lucien , Livesey Nathaniel J. , Walker Kaley A. , Xu Jian , Schreier Franz , Orsolini Yvan J. , Limpasuvan Varavut , Kuno Nario , Kasai Yasuko
Published: December 2020

Abstract. Hydrogen chloride (HCl) is the most abundant (more than 95 %) among inorganic chlorine compounds Cly in the upper stratosphere.
The HCl molecule is observed to obtain long-term quantitative estimations of the total budget of the stratospheric chlorine compounds.
In this study, we provided HCl vertical profiles at altitudes of 16–100 km using the
Superconducting Submillimeter-Wave Limb-Emission Sounder (SMILES) from space.
The HCl vertical profile from the upper troposphere to the lower thermosphere is reported for the first time from SMILES observations; the data quality is quantified by comparison with other measurements and via theoretical error analysis.
We used the SMILES level-2 research product version 3.0.0.
The period of the SMILES HCl observation was from 12 October 2009 to 21 April 2010, and the latitude coverage was 40∘ S–65∘ N.
The average HCl vertical profile showed an increase with altitude up to the stratopause (∼ 45 km), approximately constant values between the stratopause and the upper mesosphere (∼ 80 km), and a decrease from the mesopause to the lower thermosphere (∼ 100 km).
This behavior was observed in all latitude regions and reproduced by the Whole Atmosphere Community Climate Model in the specified dynamics configuration (SD-WACCM).
We compared the SMILES HCl vertical profiles in the stratosphere and lower mesosphere with HCl profiles from Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS) on the Aura satellite, as well as from the Atmospheric Chemistry Experiment Fourier Transform Spectrometer (ACE-FTS) on SCISAT and the TErahertz and submillimeter LImb Sounder (TELIS) (balloon borne).
The TELIS observations were performed using the superconductive limb emission technique, as used by SMILES.
The globally averaged vertical HCl profiles of SMILES agreed well with those of MLS and ACE-FTS within 0.25 and 0.2 ppbv between 20 and 40 km (within 10 % between 30 and 40 km; there is a larger discrepancy below 30 km), respectively.
The SMILES HCl concentration was smaller than those of MLS and ACE-FTS as the altitude increased from 40 km, and the difference was approximately 0.4–0.5 ppbv (12 %–15 %) at 50–60 km.
The difference between SMILES and TELIS HCl observations was about 0.3 ppbv in the polar winter region between 20 and 34 km, except near 26 km.
SMILES HCl error sources that may cause discrepancies with the other observations are investigated by a theoretical error analysis.
We calculated errors caused by the uncertainties of spectroscopic parameters, instrument functions, and atmospheric temperature profiles.
The Jacobian for the temperature explains the negative bias of the SMILES HCl concentrations at 50–60 km.
Temperatures from energy balance models: the effective heat capacity matters
Authors: Lohmann Gerrit
Published: December 2020

Abstract. Energy balance models (EBMs) are highly simplified models of the climate system, providing
admissible conceptual tools for understanding climate changes.
The global temperature is calculated by the radiation budget through the incoming energy from the Sun and the outgoing energy from the Earth.
The argument that the temperature can be calculated by this simple radiation budget is revisited.
The underlying assumption for a realistic temperature distribution is explored: one has to assume a moderate diurnal cycle due to the large heat capacity and the fast rotation of the Earth. Interestingly, the global mean in the revised EBM is very close to the originally proposed value.
The main point is that the effective heat capacity and its temporal
variation over the daily and seasonal cycle needs to be taken into account when estimating surface temperature from the energy budget.
Furthermore, the time-dependent EBM predicts a flat meridional temperature gradient for large heat capacities, reducing the seasonal cycle and the outgoing radiation and increasing global temperature.
Motivated by this finding, a sensitivity experiment with a complex model is performed where the vertical diffusion in the ocean has been increased.
The resulting
temperature gradient, reduced seasonal cycle, and global warming is also found in climate reconstructions,
providing a possible mechanism for past climate changes prior to 3 million years ago.
Flexible vector-based spatial configurations in land models
Authors: Gharari Shervan , Clark Martyn P. , Mizukami Naoki , Knoben Wouter J. M. , Wong Jefferson S. , Pietroniro Alain
Published: December 2020

Abstract. Land models are increasingly used in terrestrial hydrology due to
their process-oriented representation of water and energy fluxes. A priori
specification of the grid size of the land models is typically defined based
on the spatial resolution of forcing data, the modeling objectives, the
available geospatial information, and computational resources. The
variability of the inputs, soil types, vegetation covers, and forcing is
masked or aggregated based on the a priori grid size. In this study, we propose an
alternative vector-based implementation to directly configure a land model
using unique combinations of land cover types, soil types, and other desired
geographical features that have hydrological significance, such as elevation
zone, slope, and aspect. The main contributions of this paper are to (1) implement the vector-based spatial configuration using the Variable
Infiltration Capacity (VIC) model; (2) illustrate how the spatial
configuration of the model affects simulations of basin-average quantities
(i.e., streamflow) as well as the spatial variability of internal processes
(snow water equivalent, SWE, and evapotranspiration, ET); and (3) describe the work and challenges ahead to improve the
spatial structure of land models. Our results show that a model
configuration with a lower number of computational units, once calibrated,
may have similar accuracy to model configurations with more computational
units. However, the different calibrated parameter sets produce a range of,
sometimes contradicting, internal states and fluxes. To better address the
shortcomings of the current generation of land models, we encourage the land
model community to adopt flexible spatial configurations to improve model
representations of fluxes and states at the scale of interest.
Análise do ecoturismo como fonte de pesquisa
Authors: Nascimento Brenda Oliveira , Pires Roberto Gondim , De-Bortoli Robelius
Published: December 2020

Objetivo. Identificar quantitativamente a produção acerca do Ecoturismo, bem como os responsáveis por esses materiais, proporcionando aos pesquisadores uma fonte acessível de informações sobre as publicações e sobre os envolvidos nos materiais relativos à temática. Método. Trata-se de uma pesquisa quantitativa e qualitativa, e utiliza como método a Bibliometria. O material coletado para este estudo foi capturado por meio da plataforma de dados do ‘Google Acadêmico’ e foi dividida em 03 etapas, sendo elas, a coleta do material, a triagem do material escolhido, e a tabulação dos dados e elaboração dos gráficos com utilização do software ‘Microsoft Excel’. Resultados. Os dados encontrados resultaram em 25 plataformas diferentes, apresentando um total de 40 artigos sobre a temática investigada. As análises dos dados remeteram à possível relação entre indivíduos responsáveis pelas plataformas com os autores dos artigos, isto revela uma possível fragilidade da integridade das avaliações e publicações de materiais científicos, mostrando que há possibilidade de um estreitamento das relações entre periódicos, autores e avaliadores, podendo provocar com isso um ciclo vicioso, ou endógeno. Conclusões. Esse trabalho demostra uma preocupação frente à propagação de ideias que eleve esse tema, mas que por outro lado possa causar a estagnação do mesmo. O Ecoturismo é um tema que está em ascensão e que aguça o interesse de novos pesquisadores. Considerando a possibilidade de endogenia, essa prática resulta no enfraquecimento e essa fragilidade pode promover a sua estagnação ao invés de seu progresso conceitual.
A multidimensionalidade da competência em informação num contexto de vulnerabilidade social: narrativas em foco
Authors: Brito Tânia Regina de , Vitorino Elizete Vieira
Published: December 2020

Objetivo.Compreender a multidimensionalidade da competência em informação e da vulnerabilidade social, identificando no projeto Luces para Aprender(LPA) conexões com as dimensões técnica, estética, ética e política da competência em informação. Método. Entrevista narrativa com pessoas ligadas ao Luces para Aprender, projeto da Organização de Estados Ibero-Americanos para a Educação, a Ciência e a Cultura (OEI) e a análise de dados feita sob um enfoque fenomenológico. Estudo bibliográfico acerca da competência em informação e suas dimensões, vulnerabilidade social e assuntos correlatos, realizado em bases de dados nacionais e internacionais por meio do Portal de Periódico da CAPES, sendo consultada também a BRAPCI, que recupera dados de revistas científicas brasileiras e do ENANCIB, assim como dos anais do CBBD. Pesquisa documental a partir da análise de documentos disponibilizados pela OEI. Resultados. A OEI promove ações voltadas ao compromisso e preocupação com questões relacionadas ao comportamento informacional, sendo identificadas nas narrativas conexões entre o LPA e o desenvolvimento da competência em informação nas dimensões técnica, estética, ética e política, baseadas em Vitorino e Piantola (2011). Conclusões. O acesso e uso da informação ficam limitados em regiões sem infraestrutura básica, como o acesso à energia e à internet. No entanto, quando esta barreira é minimamente rompida, as oportunidades que surgem no universo informacional fazem a diferença na vida de sujeitos e comunidades em situação de vulnerabilidade.
The Psychosocial Effects of Having a Sibling with Autism Spectrum Disorder
Authors: Perlman Jesseca , Howe Nina
Published: December 2020

Siblings play an important role in one another’s overall development; thus, the sibling relationship is an important subsystem within the family unit. However, in families where one child has an autism spectrum disorder diagnosis, the dynamics between siblings may be different than in families with typically developing children due to the associated deficits in communication. Therefore, this mixed-method study examined the perceptions of six typically developing children regarding their relationship with a sibling with autism. Parents were heterosexual couples, and families were white and mostly middle class. Semi-structured interviews and questionnaires regarding the sibling relationship were administered to the typically developing child. Identification of major themes followed by focused coding was conducted to capture the essence of what was said and to categorize the most frequent themes. Overall, typically developing children highlighted both positive and negative features of their relationships, for example play, feeling proud, embarrassment, and anger. Additionally, children seemed to be at a loss for coping strategies they considered helpful, perhaps due to their own poor and/or developing emotional regulation skills. The findings emphasize the need to support typically developing children and their personal and social development.