bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
МАЛИЙ І СЕРЕДНІЙ БІЗНЕС ТА ЦИФРОВІ ПЛАТФОРМИ: МОЖЛИВОСТІ ТА ЗАГРОЗИ
Authors: Bodenchuk Lilia , Liganenko Iryna
Published: May 2021

Цифрова трансформація і зокрема поява цифрових платформ дозволяє формувати і реалізовувати нові бізнес-моделі підприємств. В той же час платформи формують тенденції розвитку економічних суб’єктів та диктують їм умови взаємодії та співпраці. Цифрові платформи не мають виробничих потужностей – основними напрямами інвестицій стають розробка інструментів маркетингового аналізу клієнта, а саме: його бажання та вподобання. Ефект від цих дій посилюється мережевими особливостями бізнес-середовища. А це в свою чергу унеможливлює традиційне ведення бізнесу та потребує враховувати вплив глобальної цифровізації на економічні відносини як окремого регіону, так і країни в цілому. Найбільші загрози при цьому відчувають суб’єкти малого та середнього бізнесу В рамках цифрових платформ по-іншому виглядають проблеми довіри і контролю. З одного боку, виникає велика надійність і точність обробки ринкової та господарської інформації, в результаті чого стає можливим створення нових, більш потужних екосистем, наприклад цифрових бірж. З іншого боку, супутньою рисою стає відкритість бізнес-моделей і доступ до інформації більшої кількості учасників, звідси виникають проблеми кібербезпеки. Крім того, однією з проблем, що виникають на підприємствах в рамках цифрової трансформації, є досягнення цифрової зрілості учасників бізнесу, інакше можуть, наприклад, втрата постачальників, які не готові інтегруватися в цифрову систему. Окремою значущою проблемою в рамках цифрових платформ є їх захоплення агентами впливу, в першу чергу домінуючими учасниками ринку. Проведений аналіз дозволив виявити і узагальнити провідні методи та інструменти управління розвитком малого і середнього бізнесу, а також визначити основні ризики функціонування цифрових платформ. В статті цифрові платформи були розглянуті як інноваційні бізнес-моделі, як релевантний інструмент вирішення завдань дотримання стратегічних інтересів різних економічних суб’єктів.
Mathematical modeling of the electric power steering system of a vehicle with a worm drive
Authors: Skurikhin V. , Soroka K. , Aharkov I.
Published: May 2021

The complexity and variety of requirements imposed on modern cars have led to a variety of designs of steering amplifiers, which are based on various physical phenomena and patterns (mechanical, pneumatic, hydraulic, electrical, etc.). Despite the difference in design and operating principles, steering amplifiers of domestic and foreign production are based on a large number of complex components and parts, which reduces their reliability. In addition, due to the constant impact of amplifiers on the controlled wheels, the driver does not feel changes in the behavior of the car on the road when disturbing influences occur, which reduces traffic safety and can lead to an accident. Therefore, increasing the sensitivity of the steering wheel to adverse factors acting on the wheels of the car while driving is one of the important tasks of improving power steering system. Introduction of electric power steering systems for cargo and passenger vehicles with a load capacity of up to 20 tons. this is a very urgent problem. In contrast to power steering system, which is still used in the control systems of high-tonnage vehicles, electric power is much simpler in design, does not require much time and costs for operation and repair. Electric power steering system with worm drive, which has a gear ratio significantly higher than those used in passenger cars, is considered. For this purpose, the formula for calculating the active moment of resistance due to the angle of transverse inclination of the pin and the corresponding system of differential equations characterizing the electric power steering system with worm drive are derived. Based on this, a functional diagram of the electric power steering control system has been developed, which is unified for worm drive steering systems and can serve as a base for modeling the steering system of cargo and passenger vehicles.
Increase the contrast of the image of objects in the active optoelectronic system with dynamic spectral processing of optical emitting
Authors: Cherkashyna O.
Published: May 2021

The article discusses a method for increasing the contrast of images in an optoelectronic system based on active dynamic spectral matched filtering. The principles of constructing active optoelectronic systems with matched filtering are based on the fact that the optical system uses a set of amplitude-controlled radiation sources operating in different parts of the spectral range as emitting sources. It is essential that the energy composition of the light emission control signals is formed on the basis of a priori information about the characteristics of the target and the background, so as to reduce the value of the spectral components of the optical signal reflected from the surface belongs to the background and with minimal attenuation of the signal intensity belonging to the object. The method assumes the presence of a set of a priori information about the spectral characteristics of the background and the object to form the instrumental function for controlling the amplitude of emitting sources.
The analysis of the mathematical and physical aspects of systems with dynamic spectral processing of active type optical emitting is made. It is shown that an active optoelectronic system with dynamic spectral processing can be considered as an analog processor for calculating the dot product of a vector by a vector. One of the factors is the reflection coefficient from a surface with a priori known characteristics, and the second is a dimmable multispectral signal.
A block diagram of an optoelectronic system with dynamic spectral processing of optical emitting with active formation of the information field in order to increase the contrast of the object image has been developed.
The goal of the article is to develop the mathematical and physical foundations for constructing an active optoelectronic system with dynamic spectral processing of optical emitting in order to increase the image contrast.
Influence of heating dynamics of polymer insulation of medium voltage power cables on their performance
Authors: Gontar Yu. , Antonets T.
Published: May 2021

Currently, global trends in the development of medium voltage cable networks are aimed at the introduction of cables with cross-linked polyethylene insulation. Such cables are innovative products of domestic cable manufacturers. Most often, single-core cables are laid in parallel in one plane. The article analyzes a number of significant features of cables with cross-linked polyethylene insulation, which affect the thermal regime both in working condition and in emergency operation, among which - the dependence of thermal conductivity and heat capacity of polymer insulation on temperature. Cable throughput, which is determined by regulatory models and average environmental parameters, provides only preliminary information about its heating, useful for comparing its throughput with other cables of the same type. For certain requirements and for innovative cable designs, it is necessary to determine the capacity according to thermal constraints in specific operating conditions. Thermal and electrical asymmetry must also be taken into account in the test conditions of cables intended for laying three single-core cables in the plane. The heating of medium voltage cables with crosslinked polyethylene insulation was studied [1], an experimental assessment of the influence of the distance between the cables on the asymmetry of currents and temperatures was performed using three single-phase single-core cables АПвЭгаПу 1х70/16–35with the same current direction. It is established that in the absence of longitudinal currents in electrically conductive screens, the current in the middle core can be practically taken as a basis. It is proposed to use the method of concentrated heat capacities for the analysis of cable heating by overload current, which allows to significantly reduce the test time in production conditions. The study aims to create a method for determining the allowable current of medium voltage cables in specific operating conditions.
The non-visual effects estimation of industrial lighting sources
Authors: Suvorova K. , Kulakova K. , Lyashenko O.
Published: May 2021

The issues of the visible lights non-visual impact on the human body during work, the circadian efficiency of lighting installations are considered, the analysis of fluorescent lamps used to illuminate industrial facilities according to their circadian characteristics is carried out, the need to take them into account when creating an effective industrial lighting installation is substantiated.
Lighting systems design is one of the main components of the electric power systems formation for any industrial facility. When choosing equipment for the projects implementation, it is necessary to be guided not only by electrical parameters, but also by lighting technical parameters, since in addition to the power load, lighting is a means necessary for the successful implementation of the planned technological process. It is important to note that the illiterate implementation of the lighting network is a harmful factor and has a detrimental effect on the work and personnel health. Thus, ensuring light comfort, subject to the observance of the standardized illumination for each room, is one of the key tasks that must be solved when calculating and designing a lighting system. A properly designed lighting system has a direct impact on productivity, fatigue, visibility and visual discomfort during work. When choosing light sources to provide a given standardized illumination, various well-known calculation methods are used, but none of them takes into account the factors affecting the provision of visual comfort.
The spectral composition of light is an important parameter of artificial light sources, which affects not only visual function, comfort, but also human health. When developing new lighting standards, standards for light sources and assessment of their quality, it is necessary to take into account the parameters that affect human health and well-being.
THE SAPURAL INVESTMENT: DISTINCTIVE FEATURES, ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES
Authors: Verbytska V. , Bredikhin V.
Published: May 2021

Currently, alternative investment paths are being sought, one of which is hoarding, ie investing in gold, gold bars, jewelry, investment and collector coins, metal accounts, gold futures and options, world fund stocks, precious stones, works art, antiques. It is emphasized that in modern Ukraine there are insufficiently developed institutes of professional experts and appraisers, and there is a complete lack of specialized funds that would manage client funds and invest these funds in such assets. The study showed that against the background of the crisis of financial markets there was a significant increase in demand for works of art, and practical experience shows that almost any security can become a wrapper, and "eternal" values ​​– works of art and real estate are self-sufficient and virtually non-existent, or rather, almost always added to the capitalization. It should be noted that the individual perspectives of this type of financial investment, namely, different from other types of hoarding features inherent only in the studied investment, as well as the advantages and disadvantages of each type of investment are insufficiently presented. The hoarding investment market is considered promising both in the form of asset diversification and as an independent economic category. Peculiarities and distinctive features of hoarding investment from real estate investment and financial market instruments are revealed. Based on the study of the literature, the negative and positive features, features and consequences of different types of hoardings available to individuals and legal entities are studied. Through comparison, similar features and differences of hoarding processes are clarified. Summarizing and understanding the results of the study will allow the investor to make unbiased decisions regarding the implementation of investments that he likes best, focusing on their desires, requests, opportunities and prospects for implementation.
INNOVATIVE ENTERPRENEURSHIP DEVELOPMENT MANAGEMENT ON MACRO LEVEL
Authors: Gnatchenko Y. , Yurieva S. , Volgina N.
Published: May 2021

Government policy issues and approaches of improvement innovative entrepreneurship are considered in the paper. Elements of policy intervention on innovative entrepreneurship were described.
The way firm innovate and the nature of their contributions to innovation varies and depends critically on firm characteristics and the conditions they face to engage in innovation. The “technology push” and “market pull” models provide two perspectives on firm innovation. Innovation output may differ along the several dimensions, including the type of innovation and the impact of innovation.
Innovation can play a critical role in addressing socio-economic objectives, which are affected by the following factors: economic growth and employment, environmental challenges, social challenges. Innovative entrepreneurship can contribute to socio-economic challenges by formalizing the informal sector.
The main policy approaches to address challenges associated to policy intervention for innovative entrepreneurship deal with: institutional governance, strategy and coherence of policies, policy-making contexts for innovative entrepreneurship. Achieving coherence and balance in the set of policies affecting innovative entrepreneurship, and coordinating the various actors involved in these policies have, consequently, become increasingly important for policy efficiency. Specific rationales for public policies: access to finance, access to knowledge, access to labor, entrepreneurial capabilities and culture, market development and access, regulatory framework.
Access to finance is a key driver in the creation, survival and growth of innovative new ventures. Within the context of innovative entrepreneurship, public policy can in the following ways: debt financing, venture capital, business angels, private sources of funding. Access to debt financing is a critical issue for innovative businesses. It allows them to finance their growth, meet working capital requirements and invest in innovation.
Relevant to innovative entrepreneurs are alternative types of loans, such as convertible and subordinated loans. Convertible loans give lenders the right to convert credit into an equity participation in the company, whereas subordinated loans are junior forms of debt that, in case of insolvency, have lower priority than senior debt (e.g. asset-based lending). They are riskier but pay higher interest rates.
DIRECTIONS OF LOGISTICS DEVELOPMENT AND ITS IMPACT ON RECYCLING OF WASTE IN THE CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY
Authors: Stepanov R. , Bredikhin V. , Domenuk D.
Published: May 2021

The article considers the research of the process of supply of resources for construction taking into account the logistical needs of reversible logistics. The result will be the gradual formation of logistics systems in the construction industry, which should lead to the formation of a single logistics system of the construction industry. This will create a set of integration effects. First of all, to identify the main objectives of the logistics system in the construction industry as a whole, it is necessary to determine the basic economic parameters of each system participant, decompose the logistics system, and then determine the integrated economic characteristics of its activities. It is noted that the current level of logistics development and the growing specialization of its individual functional areas require a focus on the whole chain of causal relationships. Most logistics systems are focused on one direction of movement of inventory - from producer to end consumer. As a result, the process of decomposition of the logistics system of the construction industry according to the main economic parameters of operation was created. The current trends in logistics development that emerged during the pandemic have been identified. The general and basic concepts of waste management of construction companies are considered. The scheme of the waste management hierarchy is given. It is established that the main principles of economic regulation in the construction industry of waste management are to reduce the amount of waste and involve them in economic turnover; payment for waste disposal; economic incentives in the field of waste management. The main problems of reverse logistics facing the business and the possibility of solving them through the introduction of a system of reverse logistics or recycling are identified. In conclusion, the introduction of integrated logistics systems was proposed, which is especially effective in large construction projects located in urban centers, where massive material flows must be managed.
Collaborative learning: Businesses and HE co-create
Authors:   Cork Institute of Technology, Wright Angela
Published: May 2021

This novel research pivoted around a collaborative cyclical learning experience between businesses in a City Centre scape and a local Higher Education Institution. This concept provided for a dual aspect to learning; third level MBA students in parallel with business operatives in a City. The students were tasked with addressing a business problem in cooperation with City Hall and to write a ‘service charter for this city’, while being assessed for progression for their MBA. This Collaborative experiential learning (Kolb, & Kolb, 2017) centred on a group of 22 MBA students while they interacted with 20 businesses in a European City to research, develop and write a service charter. Details of the development of the charter per se are not dealt with in this paper, just the experience of its development by the students and business alike. Finding novel ways to assess third level students is always a challenge for Higher Education Institutions. Imagine the opportunity of being placed at the fulcrum of learning and business development through a dual aspect collaborative learning challenge and experiential learning. An experimental approach was afforded to MBA level 9 students when they were tasked with writing a ‘Service Charter ‘for their City – while in parallel, being assessed through ‘problem solving’ for 5 ECTS credits with the third level partner. The dual aspect of learning and co-creation between businesses and college began when the students sought to solve a problem for City businesses and find a solution to their problem and reflect on it, and the second, when a recommendation came from the research that the businesses needed to undertake further training in order to implement the plan of the final City Service Charter.
Ireland’s architecture for identifying, prioritising and responding to skills needs
Authors:   Irish Universities Association, Trench Bowles Nora
Published: May 2021

Based on a request from the Irish Universities Association (IUA) Council, which is made up of the seven Irish university Presidents, the State architecture for identifying, prioritising and responding to Ireland’s skills needs was examined. This was done to help universities take greater cognizance of the government’s skills agenda, and better understand what misalignments may exist between the university context and the State’s conception of skills ‘supply and demand’, which may have an impact on universities’ response to skills needs.
Teaching in the 21st century – Engaging students in active learning using student response systems
Authors:   University College Cork, Lucey Siobhán , McElroy Brendan , McInally Lauren ,   University of Strathclyde
Published: May 2021

The prevalence of student response systems (hereafter SRS) in higher education has grown significantly in the last few years. Student classroom participation and student’s assessment of performance particularly in larger classes, has often been regarded as problematic in pedagogical research (Black and Wiliam, 1998; Fies and Marshall, 2006). Growth in technology, coupled with popularity of handheld devices has led to the development in SRS with the intention of increasing classroom participation and engaging students in the lecture setting (Denker, 2013). Studies identify benefits to students participating in the classroom using SRS including increased student involvement, attendance, learning and engagement (Heaslip et al., 2014; Van Daele et al., 2017). This research seeks to examine the effects of a SRS on student participation and engagement in large undergraduate economics modules at both an Irish and UK university during the academic year of 2018/19. We compare a control period (no SRS in place) with a trial period (SRS in place). The results show that the use of the SRS significantly increased student’s interaction with the lecturer and their ability to perform self-assessment in absolute terms and relative to their peers.
Methodological Eclecticism: Feminist-Pragmatist Reflections on Re/centering Muslims in Research about Islam
Authors: Cheruvallil-Contractor Sariya
Published: May 2021

For over a decade, researchers have consistently asserted that Muslims in the West are ‘research weary’ (Sangera and Thapar- Bjökert 2008: 544), ‘tired of too much research about them’ (Alvi et al. 2003: p. xv) and are concerned about ‘not being given the opportunity to shape research that is about them (Scott-Baumann et al. 2020). Research on Muslim in Britain and in the West are further complicated by social hierarchies and popular discourses that often position Muslims as the ‘different other’. Working within a feminist-pragmatist epistemological framework this chapter will bring together methodological reflections from a decade of research of Islam and Muslims in the West. It asserts the need for research paradigms that are grounded in partnership and positionality, and which maintain intellectual rigour while also being accountable to the people who are the subjects of research.
Influence of the Riga Peace Treaty on the fate of the Belarusian archives
Authors: Shumeiko Michail F.
Published: May 2021

The author investigated the history of the development of the main provisions of the XI article of the Riga Peace Treaty, which regulated the delimitation of archives between the contracting parties. They were extremely unfavourably formulated for the Belarusian-Russian-Ukrainian side both because of the defeat of the Red Army in the Polish-Soviet war, and because of the internal problems that arose in Russia, the most important of which was the uprising in Kronstadt in February – March 1921. This article reveals the role of the future first rector of the Belarusian State University V. I. Picheta, who worked as the chief inspector of the Glavarchive of the RSFSR and took part in the peace negotiations in Riga in the fall of 1920 as an expert. The author comes to the conclusion that in the course of the implementation of the provisions of the XI article of the treaty, the Belarusian archives suffered significant losses. This explains the so-called «archival sabotage» that took place, the essence of which was to show the Polish side as non-existent certain archival complexes that were subject to transfer to Poland under the terms of the treaty.
Historiography of politics of the Soviet state 1929–1939 regarding the Old Believers
Authors: Latyshau Kiryl A.
Published: May 2021

Based on the analysis of the post-Soviet Russian scientific historiography, the system-forming directions of studying the confessional Soviet policy of the period 1929–1939 are determined, due to significant changes in confessional policy from the reorganisation of the Anti-Religious Commission under the Central Committee of the All-Union Communist Party (b) (1929), the adoption of the resolution «On Religious Associations» (1929) and other transformations till the start of the Second World War, due to the expansion of the territory of the Soviet Union, where the previous stages of anti-religious policy had been not carried out. In view of the need to expand the field of historiographical sources, we carried out a thematic and synthesis analyses of the regional Russian studies of the history of the Old Believers, that do not have significant connections at the interregional level, despite the significant quantitative and qualitative growth of the thematic studies in the post-Soviet period. We have identified three general directions of historical development: the closure of Old Believer churches, repressions against clergymen, anti-religious agitation. The general tendencies within the framework of individual research subjects the most important problems and approaches to them are identified and characterised. The reasons are formulated allowing to consider the anti-religious policy towards the Old Believers as an independent phenomenon.
The Hero at Home: Muḥammad al-Sibāᶜī and Thomas Carlyle
Authors: Kesrouany Maya I.
Published: May 2021

Chapter three focuses on the more faithful translation aesthetic of Muḥammad al-Sibā‘ī, reading specifically his 1911 rendition of Thomas Carlyle’s lectures On Heroes, Hero-worship, and the Heroic in History (1841). Challenging Carlyle’s condescending approach to the Muslim prophet, al-Sibā‘ī’s translation rewrites the differences between the Prophet’s Muḥammad’s prophecy and Shakespeare’s genius that informs Carlyle’s account. The chapter argues that al-Sibā‘ī’s translation – apart from its translator’s original intention – offers a critique of colonial liberalism by noting the contradictions in Carlyle’s “secular” readings of Islam. As such, the chapter explores this “secularity” as a critique of the self-orientalizing mode of the translators under study. It extends this critique to al-Sibā‘ī’s adaptation of Charles Dickens in 1912 and its rewriting of the complicity between realism and liberalism in the British tradition.
The Museum as a Cinematic Space
Authors: Mandelli Elisa
Published: May 2021

Moving images have become a common feature in museums, where visitors are now accustomed to finding a broad variety of projections and screens. But when did films start to be displayed in history, science or natural history museums? How did visitors react to the transformation of static displays by means of moving images? And what are the current stakes of showing audio-visuals in exhibition spaces? The Museum as a Cinematic Space is an extensive investigation of the use of moving images in exhibition design outside the art field. It explores how museums have incorporated films and audio-visuals in their display from the beginning of the twentieth century up to the present. The Museum as a Cinematic Space investigates the inclusion of cinematic elements (films, screens, projections) within the display. In addition to describing the strategies used by the curators to exhibit films, the book identifies the practical, technical and discursive conditions that made possible the use of moving images in museum galleries during the twentieth and twenty-first century. By opening itself to moving images, the exhibition becomes a place where cinema and museum spectatorships converge, reshaping the relations between the public, the images, and viewing space.
Touching Images
Authors: Mandelli Elisa
Published: May 2021

This chapter discusses a number of audio-visual interactive devices in which the movement of the images plays a crucial role. In many contemporary museums, there are few press-buttons devices or objects to be touched or handled. Rather, visitors have to touch moving images themselves, whose surface acts as an interface between the spectator and the representation. The technological component is thus concealed in favour of a seemingly “natural” interaction. Interactive tables, which are widespread in museums today, are an emblematic example of this tendency: the chapter analyses relevant cases, such as the interactive table at the Churchill Museum (London, UK).
Conclusions
Authors: Mandelli Elisa
Published: May 2021

This chapter runs through the main arguments of the book and traces the conclusions, arguing that not only audio-visuals can be incorporated in exhibitions, but exhibitions can also be structured according to cinematic principles, or be influenced by the configuration of the “classic” cinematic dispositive. Moreover, moving images play a key role in shaping the relationships between visitors and the museum. The cinematic component should thus be understood as a “structural element” of contemporary museum exhibitions, rather than as an extrinsic component.
The Religious Other
Authors: Phillips Christina
Published: May 2021

This chapter identifies religion as a key problematic in early examples of the Arabic novel in Egypt before embarking on an in-depth discussion of the religious/secular opposition in seminal words by Haykal, Taha Husayn and Tawfiq al-Hakim. It examines how texts like Zaynab (1914), Al-Ayyam (vols 1 and 2; 1929, 1933), ‘Awdat al-Ruh (1933) and ‘Usfur min al-Sharq (1938) promote national and secular values on the level of story and character yet undermine these same values through self-contradiction and slippage, and how religious patterns remain deeply embedded in characters’ thought and behaviour even as formal religion is subjected to harsh critique on the surface of the plot and theocentrism is displaced as ideology.
Introduction: Religion, the Egyptian Novel and the New Literary Sensibility
Authors: Phillips Christina
Published: May 2021

Having discussed the religious/secular dialectic at length in Part One, this chapter sets the scene for the Egyptian novel’s engagements with religion post-1967. It discusses literary developments in the Egyptian novel from the late 1960s, specifically the turathi trend and ascendance of experimental narrative strategies, in the context of wider cultural shifts around this time, including the religious resurgence, and considers how these literary and cultural developments affected the representation of religion on the pages of the Egyptian novel.
Mystical Dimensions
Authors: Phillips Christina
Published: May 2021

This chapter explores Sufi dialogues in works by Najib Mahfuz. It begins by revisiting Mahfuz’s trilogy, rereading Kamal’s infatuation with ʿAyda in terms of the Sufi’s love affair with God. It explains the turn to Sufism post-1967 in terms of Sufism’s symbolism and identity as marginalised discourse and of certain overlaps in Sufi vision and the new literary sensibility before exploring in detail the mystical content of two further works by Mahfuz. Hikayat Haratina (1975) is read as an inversion of the Sufi path and exploration of mysticism as a solution to social ills and metaphysical angst, and Asdaʾ al-Sirat al-Dhatiyya (1995) is read as a reimagining of spiritual autobiography and embodiment of the limits and possibilities of Islamic mysticism. The structure, language and intertextual dialogue with Sufi writing in these two works are considered as ways of challenging unitary discourse and communicating postmodern themes.
Conclusion
Authors: Phillips Christina
Published: May 2021

This chapter looks back at the findings of the preceding chapters. The story of religion and the Egyptian novel is one of ambivalent coalescence. While the characteristic vision of the novel is antithetical to religion on one level (sceptical, rational, immanent, humanist, secular), the relationship between religion and the Egyptian novel is long and enduring. The conclusion reviews the question of the Egyptian novel’s secularity a century on, against a backdrop of religious revival and ideological fragmentation, using ‘Ala al-Aswani’s Imarat Ya’qubiyyan (2002) to confirm that it remains the form’s worldview but one that is short through with contradictions given its ongoing dependence and power struggle with religion and its inescapable trace. The conclusion ends with a consideration of postsecularity and what the Egyptian novel’s relationship over the past hundred years contributes to the postsecularity debate.
Conclusion
Authors: Hammond Daniel R.
Published: May 2021

In the final chapter of the book I bring the different aspects of diabo’s development, implementation and consolidation explored in the preceding chapters together. First, I provide an explanation for the development of dibao which draws both on the arguments presented in the book and engages with the literature published on the programme. Following this, I offer some concluding thoughts regarding the future direction of the dibao programme, arguing that the programme’s policy journey is not quite complete. To broaden the discussion I also offer some policy suggestions for ensuring the programme’s long-term viability if that is what is deemed desirable. To finish the chapter I discuss how the book contributes to wider discussions on China and policy studies, some thoughts regarding further research in this area (both dibao, social policy and policy making in China), and final thoughts regarding the programme and the research which has been presented.
F. Scott Fitzgerald's Short Fiction
Authors: Adams Jade Broughton
Published: May 2021

F. Scott Fitzgerald is remembered primarily as a novelist, but he wrote nearly two hundred short stories for popular magazines such as the widely-read Saturday Evening Post. These stories are vividly infused with the new popular culture of the 1910s, 1920s, and 1930s, from jazz and blues music to motion pictures and performing arts. This book demonstrates how popular culture had a deep impact on Fitzgerald’s work, not just in terms of evoking period detail, but by confirming Fitzgerald as an experimental writer whose popular short stories reflect the serious modernist concerns occupying writers such as Ernest Hemingway, James Joyce, Sherwood Anderson, Dorothy Parker, and Langston Hughes.
This book explores how popular culture impacted on F. Scott Fitzgerald’s literary aesthetics on both thematic and formal levels, to a greater extent than previously recognised. Encompassing spheres of both American studies and cultural studies, this book offers a revisionist perspective on Fitzgerald’s short fiction of the interwar period, which is often overlooked in favour of the novels, especially The Great Gatsby.
By exploring Fitzgerald’s fascination with leisure, specifically the intertwined cultural spheres of dance, music, theatre, and film, this book argues that he innovatively imported practices borrowed from other popular cultural media into his short stories, deploying disruptive techniques of ambiguity and parody that sit in tension with reader expectations of his lyrical style and the commercial publication contexts of his stories.
The Fin-de-Siècle Scottish Revival
Authors: Shaw Michael
Published: May 2021

As the Irish Revival took shape and the Home Rule debate dominated UK politics, what was happening in Scotland? This book reveals distinct but comparable concerns with cultural defence and revivalism in fin-de-siècle Scotland, evident in the work of a number of writers and artists including Robert Louis Stevenson, Patrick Geddes, Fiona Macleod, Charles Rennie Mackintosh, Mona Caird, Arthur Conan Doyle, John Duncan and various contributors to The Evergreen. Situating Scottish literature and art alongside international developments in culture, especially the rise of decadence, symbolism and Celticism, the book demonstrates the ways in which dissident fin-de-siècle styles and ideas supported and defined the Scottish Revival.
Chile, the CIA and the Cold War
Authors: Lockhart James
Published: May 2021

This book reinterprets the history of Chile, the CIA and the Cold War. It blends national, regional, and world-historical trends from Chile -- from the appearance of its labor movement in the late nineteenth century to the end of the Pinochet dictatorship in the late twentieth -- into both the inter-American and transatlantic communities. It argues that Chileans made their own history as highly engaged internationalists while reassessing American and other foreign-directed intelligence operations in Chile and southern South America while recontextualizing and reassessing United States, particularly CIA, influence.
Chilean Anticommunism
Authors: Lockhart James
Published: May 2021

This chapter evaluates the rise of social conflict in Chile from the late nineteenth century into the early twentieth. It presents Chile's labor movement, the Chilean Communist Party, Chile's conservatives, Chile's professional officer corps, and the Ibáñez dictatorship as the earliest expression of Cold War struggles in Chile. It connects the Chilean Communist Party to the Comintern's South American Bureau and the Soviet Union. It explains why the dictatorship broke relations with the Soviet Union and suppressed the communist party in 1927. And it reviews the nature of United States perceptions and involvement in these events.
Gabriel González Videla and the Transatlantic Origins of the Cold War
Authors: Lockhart James
Published: May 2021

This chapter examines the period from the Second World War to 1947 from transatlantic, southern South American, and Chilean perspectives. It integrates Chile into the narrative story of the origins of the larger Cold War, illuminating Chileans' contributions to it.
La Ley Maldita: The Law for the Permanent Defense of Democracy
Authors: Lockhart James
Published: May 2021

This chapter explains Chileans' contributions to the origins of the larger Cold War from 1947 into the 1950s. It incorporates the González administration's conflicts with Chilean Communists and the Soviet bloc, from events in Santiago and Chile's coal mining regions to those in Prague, Bogotá, and the United Nations, into the unfolding global conflict, thus reframing the passing of the Law for the Permanent Defense of Democracy, which banned the Chilean Communist Party.
The Course of Recognition in Cymbeline
Authors: Smith Matthew James
Published: May 2021

It is common for scholars to describe the recognition scene (anagnorisis) described as an event of moral reconciliation, but few have reflected on the philosophical stakes involved in grounding morality in what amounts to a device of poetics. Matthew J. Smith uses Cymbeline to demonstrate the continual relevance of theatrical recognition for the philosophical discourse on mutual recognition as represented by writers including Hegel, Levinas, and Ricoeur. Cymbeline gestures toward tragedy by staging failures of recognition but ultimately moves into the post-tragic through what Smith describes as a return to anagnorisis.
Introduction
Authors: Moessner Lilo
Published: May 2021

This chapter sets the present book off against previous studies about the English subjunctive in the historical periods Old English (OE), Middle English (ME), and Early Modern English (EModE). The aim of the book is described as the first comprehensive and consistent description of the history of the present English subjunctive. The key term subjunctive is defined as a realisation of the grammatical category mood and an expression of the semantic/pragmatic category root modality. The corpus used in the book is part of The Helsinki Corpus of English Texts, comprising nearly half a million words in 91 files. The research method adopted is a combination of close reading and computational analysis.
The subjunctive in main clauses
Authors: Moessner Lilo
Published: May 2021

This chapter deals with the frequency development of the subjunctive and its competitors as well as with their distribution across text categories in main clauses in the periods Old English (OE), Middle English (ME), and Early Modern English (EModE). The results of the analysis of these parameters are interpreted as a change from a preferred weak type of root modality in OE to a strong type in ME, which is reversed in EModE. A more or less continuous frequency decrease of subjunctives from OE until late ME contrasts with a frequency rise of modal contructions and imperatives. Yet the frequency rise of imperatives is reversed in ME. The subjunctive is the preferred realisation of the verbal syntagms in text category STA (legislative texts) in all periods. The other text categories with big shares of relevant verbal syntagms have changing preferences of their realisations.
The subjunctive in noun clauses
Authors: Moessner Lilo
Published: May 2021

This chapter explores the frequency development of the subjunctive and its competitors, namely indicatives and modal constructions, in noun clauses in a corpus covering the historical periods Old English (OE), Middle English (ME), and Early Modern English (EModE). Furthermore, it discusses the influence of the parameters date of composition, text category, prose vs poetry, noun clause function, matrix verb, and noun clause type on their distribution in the individual periods. The corpus analysis of about 2.3 thousand noun clauses attests a more or less steady frequency decrease of the subjunctive from the OE period onwards. Text category STA with legislative texts, subjunctive verbal syntagms in the matrix clause, and the clause type that-clause are identified as the factors which contributed most to the preservation of the subjunctive.
Summary and outlook
Authors: Moessner Lilo
Published: May 2021

The epilogue sets the book off against previous studies of the subjunctive. It summarizes the main results and derives rewarding topics for future studies from them. The frequency rise of subjunctives in main clauses at the end of the 14th century after its previous decreaseinvites an investigation of this construction type in the following periods. The hypothesis of the importance of the simplification of the verbal paradigm for the frequency decrease of the subjunctive is challenged by the observation that third person singular subjunctives contributed most to the survival of the category mood in all periods. This may be only one of the outstanding features of this form of the verbal paradigm. Changing genre conventions were found to correlate with changes in subjunctive use, and this opens a new perspective for genre studies. The inclusion of the category modality in the definition of the subjunctive allows answers to many questions about subjunctive use, among them its different development in individual construction types and adverbial clauses as well as the role it plays in periods of highly valued modal harmony.
Introduction: Nordic Film Cultures and Cinemas of Elsewhere
Authors: Ellis Patrick , Westerstahl Stenport Anna , Lunde Arne
Published: May 2021

Nordic Film Cultures rethinks and reformulates the images, legacies, and impacts of Nordic cinemas within dynamic and multi-directional global contexts. The book engages with lacunae of transnational, extra-territorial history of Scandinavian and Nordic filmmaking from its early phases up to the present moment. The volume’s quest is to re-imagine Nordic cinema outside the confines of national and even regional cinema brackets to an even further new degree and in locations often least expected. Departing from what may be, to an international audience (and partially also to domestic spectators), obvious “traditions” of the Nordic region, the authors read against the grain of “the national” and reveal how significantly Scandinavian films and filmmakers transcend and transgress these national boundaries on myriad levels.
Mapping Cinema Ghosts: Reconstructing the Circulation of Nordic Silent Film in Australia
Authors: Allen Julie K.
Published: May 2021

This chapter examines how Nordic silent films circulated as far away from Scandinavia as in Australia. This far-flung distribution chain was facilitated and hampered by political and economic developments on both sides of the globe. In the 1910s, the Copenhagen-based Nordisk Film Company was the second largest exporter of films in the world. Distributed primarily by Pathé Frérès and Nordisk, Swedish and Danish silent films played to great success all over the continent of Australia. Early Nordic stars, in particular Asta Nielsen and Valdemar Psilander, were beloved. As products of neutral countries, Danish and Swedish films continued to circulate internationally during the war. By the time silent film was rendered obsolete by sound film, the distribution of Nordic film in the Pacific was largely a thing of the past. The chapter reconstructs the circulation of these films from remaining traces including newspapers of the period
Charlie Chan’s Last Mystery, or the Transcultural Disappearance of Warner Oland
Authors: Fahlstedt Kim Khavar
Published: May 2021

This chapter investigates the transnational film persona of Warner Oland. Alongside Anna Q. Nilsson and Greta Garbo, Oland was one of Sweden’s first, and internationally most beloved, Hollywood film stars. During the 1920s and 30s, Oland gained global popularity for roles as Orientalist characters such as Dr. Fu Manchu and Charlie Chan. This case study probes into the last two years of Oland’s life, in which his fame rose to a career high while he was also struggling in his personal life from years of alcohol abuse. It investigates how a range of fleeting conceptualizations of national and ethnic identifiers, such as “Swedishness” and Orientalism, were utilized as heuristic tools to make sense of Oland's public disintegration. In the present study, Oland’s racialized and ethnic personae were reproduced and renegotiated within three geographical locations (Hollywood, Europe, and China) of that period’s transnational film culture.
Opening up the Postwar World in Color: 1950s Geopolitics and Spectacular Nordic Colonialism in the Arctic and in Africa
Authors: Stenport Anna Westerstahl
Published: May 2021

This chapter examines the ‘elsewheres’ that opened up Scandinavian film cultures globally in the 1950s, reflecting international developments in genre, style, and production mode and the increased post-war mobility of people and technologies. This includes access to new shooting locations, lighter cameras and better on-site sound uptake, a motivation to film increasingly in color and in spectacular ‘[Cinema]Scopes’ that could immerse cinema goers in (exotic) scenery. These films were all major investments, designed for global circulation. Constituting an overlooked corpus of Scandinavian ‘elsewheres’ in their portrayal of international or seemingly exotic locations, as well as indigenous populations and practices, these films also tie into period perceptions of Scandinavian politics abroad -- internationalist, pacifist, socialist, and “do-gooder,” spreading around the world the merits of the Scandinavian, especially Swedish, model of the cradle-to-grave welfare state and a Dag Hammarskjöld-inspired notion of a Third/Middle Way of international aid and solidarity. The films can also be seen as reacting specifically against the Cold War opposition between East and West, and illuminating the precarious status of small nation states wedged in between them, whether NATO members (Norway, Denmark, Iceland) or not (Sweden, Finland).
Elsewheres of Healing: Trans-Indigenous Spaces in Elle-Máijá Apiniskim Tailfeathers’ Bihttoš
Authors: Storfjell (Sámi) Troy
Published: May 2021

This chapter engages with the short film Bihttoš (Rebel, Canada and Norway, 2014), by the Sámi and Kainai Blackfoot filmmaker Elle-Máijá Apiniskim Tailfeathers, as a cinematic invocation of multiple elsewheres. Set in the three settler states of Norway, the United States, and Canada, this film is not about those states. Instead, it narrates an Indigenous story situated elsewhere from the spheres of mainstream, settler culture that are often the presumed standards. In this sense, Bihttoš is not so much Canadian and Norwegian as it is Sámi and Kainai/First Nations–or, indeed, trans-Indigenous. The film’s vision is divided between one colonized Indigenous space (the Blood Reserve) and a parallel but distinct experience of colonialism elsewhere (Sápmi), and the experimental documentary traces the ways that these geographically disparate experiences inscribe themselves on the same individual: the Sámi/Blackfoot “Elle-Máijá”.