bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ASSESSMENT OF RGB AND HYPERSPECTRAL UAV REMOTE SENSING FOR GRASS QUANTITY AND QUALITY ESTIMATION
Authors: Oliveira R. A. , Näsi R. , Niemeläinen O. , Nyholm L. , Alhonoja K. , Kaivosoja J. , Viljanen N. , Hakala T. , Nezami S. , Markelin L. , Jauhiainen L. , Honkavaara E.
Published: June 2019

Abstract. The information on the grass quantity and quality is needed for several times in a growing season for making optimal decisions about the harvesting time and the fertiliser rate, especially in northern countries, where grass swards quality declines and yield increases rapidly in the primary growth. We studied the potential of UAV-based photogrammetry and spectral imaging in grass quality and quantity estimation. To study this, a trial site with large variation in the quantity and quality parameters was established by using different nitrogen fertilizer application rates and harvesting dates. UAV-based remote sensing datasets were captured four times during the primary growth season in June 2017 and agricultural reference measurements including dry biomass and quality parameters, such as the digestibility (D-value) were collected simultaneously. The datasets were captured using a flying height of 50 m which provided a GSD of 0.7 cm for the photogrammetric imagery and 5 cm for the hyperspectral imagery. A rigorous photogrammetric workflow was carried out for all data sets aiming to determine the image exterior orientation parameters, camera interior orientation parameters, 3D point clouds and orthomosaics. The quantitative radiometric calibration included sensor corrections, atmospheric correction, and correction for the radiometric non-uniformities caused by illumination variations, BRDF correction and the absolute reflectance transformation. Random forest (RF) and multilinear regression (MLR) estimators were trained using spectral bands, vegetation indices and 3D features, extracted from the remote sensing datasets, and insitu reference measurements. From the FPI hyperspectral data, the 35 spectral bands and 11 spectral indices were used. The 3D features were extracted from the canopy height model (CHM) generated using RGB data. The most accurate results were obtained in the second measurement day (15th June) which was near to the optimal harvesting time and generally RF outperformed MLR slightly. When assessed with the leave-one-out-estimation, the best root mean squared error (RMSE%) were 8.9% for the dry biomass using 3D features. The best D-value estimation using RF algorithm (RMSE% = 0.87%) was obtained using spectral features. Using the estimators, we then calculated grass quality and quantity maps covering the entire test site to compare different techniques and to evaluate the variability in the field. The results showed that the low-cost drone remote sensing gave excellent precision both for biomass and quality parameter estimation if accurately calibrated, offering an excellent tool for efficient and accurate management of silage grass production.
INVESTIGATIONS INTO THE QUALITY OF IMAGE-BASED POINT CLOUDS FROM UAV IMAGERY
Authors: Przybilla H.-J. , Lindstaedt M. , Kersten T.
Published: June 2019

Abstract. The quality of image-based point clouds generated from images of UAV aerial flights is subject to various influencing factors. In addition to the performance of the sensor used (a digital camera), the image data format (e.g. TIF or JPG) is another important quality parameter. At the UAV test field at the former Zollern colliery (Dortmund, Germany), set up by Bochum University of Applied Sciences, a medium-format camera from Phase One (IXU 1000) was used to capture UAV image data in RAW format. This investigation aims at evaluating the influence of the image data format on point clouds generated by a Dense Image Matching process. Furthermore, the effects of different data filters, which are part of the evaluation programs, were considered. The processing was carried out with two software packages from Agisoft and Pix4D on the basis of both generated TIF or JPG data sets. The point clouds generated are the basis for the investigation presented in this contribution. Point cloud comparisons with reference data from terrestrial laser scanning were performed on selected test areas representing object-typical surfaces (with varying surface structures). In addition to these area-based comparisons, selected linear objects (profiles) were evaluated between the different data sets. Furthermore, height point deviations from the dense point clouds were determined using check points. Differences in the results generated through the two software packages used could be detected. The reasons for these differences are filtering settings used for the generation of dense point clouds. It can also be assumed that there are differences in the algorithms for point cloud generation which are implemented in the two software packages. The slightly compressed JPG image data used for the point cloud generation did not show any significant changes in the quality of the examined point clouds compared to the uncompressed TIF data sets.
COMPARISON OF UAV LIDAR AND IMAGERY FOR BEACH MONITORING
Authors: Shaw L. , Helmholz P. , Belton D. , Addy N.
Published: June 2019

Abstract. With recent advancements in UAV based technology the use of airborne photogrammetry and LiDAR poses a new and effective approach for continuous, fast and efficient beach monitoring surveys. This paper aims to compare three platforms (a DJI Phantom Pro 4 using Ground Control Points, a DJI Matrice 200 with built in PPK allowing direct georeferencing and a DJI Matrice 600 with a Riegl Mini-VUX LiDAR system) in order to assess if they enable beach surveys to be performed efficiently, accurately and cost- effectively. A series of beach surveys were performed over a period of 6 months enabling the ability of each UAV surveying technique to be assessed for the identification and evaluation of trends in the changing topography of beaches and shorelines. The study area (Warnbro Sound, Western Australia) is an area that has experienced significant coastal change over the last 20 years as well as several serious weather events in the course of this research. The results show a significant positive bias of a consistent vertical offset to the ground surface by 4–9 cm between the two image based systems in comparison to the LiDAR system. Although these height offsets are significant it is still within the accuracy required to perform successful beach surveys, and all systems were able to quantify the change of the beach shoreline in area (m2) and volume (m3).
ANALYSIS OF BUNDLE ADJUSTMENTS AND EPIPOLAR MODEL ACCURACY ACCORDING TO FLIGHT PATH CHARACTERISTICS OF UAV
Authors: Son J. , Lim P. , Seo J. , Kim T.
Published: June 2019

Abstract. Nowadays, UAVs(Unmanned aerial vehicles) are being used in spatial information construction. To construct spatial information, it is important to select appropriate data. Therefore, in this paper, we analyzed the characteristics of UAV flight paths and their effects on accuracy of bundle adjustments and epipolar models. We analyzed the flight path characteristics in three aspects: body stability, linearity of path and overlap between images. Firstly, in case of the body stability, ideal body stability is defined when images are taken in vertical direction. We calculated the body stability by the photographed angle, which is a difference between the vertical direction and actual photographed direction. Secondly, in case of the linearity of path, we are calculated the residual after fitting ground coordinates of orthogonal UAV positions or image centers by a straight line. Finally, in case of the overlap between images, we selected two closest images along vertical and horizontal direction as a pair and calculated the overlap of the pair on the ground space. We performed bundle adjustments and extracted EOPs(Exterior Orientation Parameters). Using the EOPs, we constructed an orthoimage, a DSM(Digital Surface model), and an epipolar model. By verified orthoimage and DSM, we were able to obtain accuracy of bundle adjustments. We also analyzed y-parallax of epipolar models to obtain its accuracy. Results showed that the body stability show very little affect vertical error of bundle adjustments. In case of linearity of path, there was little effect on the accuracy of bundle adjustment and epipolar models. The overlap between images affected all accuracy of bundle adjustments and epipolar model. The best accuracy was obtained when the overlap was about 70%.
USING DJI PHANTOM 4 RTK DRONE FOR TOPOGRAPHIC MAPPING OF COASTAL AREAS
Authors: Taddia Y. , Stecchi F. , Pellegrinelli A.
Published: June 2019

Abstract. Imagery acquisition systems by Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) have been rapidly evolving within the last few years. In mapping applications, it is the introduction of a considerable amount of Ground Control Points (GCPs) that enables the final reconstruction of a real-scale framed model. Since the survey of GCPs generally requires the use of total stations or GNSS receivers in Real Time Kinematic (RTK), either with or without a Network approach (NRTK), this on-site operation is particularly time consuming. In addition, the lack of clearly image-recognizable points may force the use of artificial markers (signalised GCPs) whenever no features are naturally available in the field. This implies a real waste of time for the deployment of the targets, as well as for their recovery. Recently, aircrafts’ manufacturers have integrated the on-board RTK capability on their UAVs. In such a way, the high precision GNSS system allows the 3D position detection of the camera at the time of each capture within few centimetres. In this work, we tested the DJI Phantom 4 RTK for the topographic survey of a coastal section in the Northern Adriatic Sea (Italy). The flights were performed flying at an 80 m altitude to ensure a Ground Sample Distance (GSD) of about 2 centimetres. The site extended up to 2 kilometres longitudinally. The results confirm that the on-board RTK approach really speeds up the precise mapping of coastal regions and that a single GCP may be needed to make a reliable estimation of the focal length.
AUTOMATIC APPLE TREE BLOSSOM ESTIMATION FROM UAV RGB IMAGERY
Authors: Tubau Comas A. , Valente J. , Kooistra L.
Published: June 2019

Abstract. Apple trees often produce high amount of fruits, which results in small, low quality fruits. Thinning in apple orchards is used to improve the quality of the apples by reducing the number of flowers or fruits the tree is producing. The current method used to estimate how much thinning is necessary is to measure flowering intensity, currently done by human visual inspection of trees in the orchard. The use of images of apple trees from ground-level to measure flowering intensity and its spatial variation through orchards has been researched with promising results. This research explores the potential of UAV RGB high-resolution imagery to measure flowering intensity. Image segmentation techniques have been used to segment the white pixels, which correspond to the apple flowers, of the orthophoto and the single photos. Single trees have been cropped from the single photos and from the orthophoto, and correlation has been measured between percentage of white pixels per tree and flowering intensity and between percentage of white pixels per tree and flower clusters. The resulting correlation is low, with a maximum of 0.54 for the correlation between white pixels per tree and flower clusters when using the ortophoto. Those results show the complexity of working with drone images, but there are still alternative approaches that have to investigated before discarding the use of UAV RGB imagery for estimation of flowering intensity.
EVALUATION OF CAMERA POSITIONS AND GROUND POINTS QUALITY IN A GNSS-NRTK BASED UAV SURVEY: PRELIMINARY RESULTS FROM A PRACTICAL TEST IN MORPHOLOGICAL VERY COMPLEX AREAS
Authors: Tufarolo E. , Vanneschi C. , Casella M. , Salvini R.
Published: June 2019

Abstract. Open pit mines localized in high mountains are probably one of the most complex environments for Structure-From-Motion (SfM) based photogrammetry. The case study presented in this paper refers to the realization of a detailed topographic mapping in the Torano marble basin (Apuan Alps, Italy) which needed, after decades of excavation activity, a new topographic survey.Given the requested very high resolution, the time constraints and safety-related problems, a photogrammetric approach by a fixedwing Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) was chosen to carry out thesurvey of the basin. In addition, given the morphological complexity of the area, characterized by extreme steep slopes more than hundreds of meters high, and the necessity to minimize the fieldwork without sacrificing the work quality, an UAV equipped with a L1/L2 Network Real Time Kinematic (NRTK) Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) was used.The scope of this work is to compare the accuracy of UAV derived 3D photogrammetric models realized with different approaches: by using traditional Ground Control Points (GCPs), by using the on-board Network Real Time Kinematic system for camera position detection, and a mix of both. At the end, we tested the quality of the models to verify the reachable levels of accuracy.
GENERATION OF A BENCHMARK DATASET USING HISTORICAL PHOTOGRAPHS FOR AN AUTOMATED EVALUATION OF DIFFERENT FEATURE MATCHING METHODS
Authors: Maiwald F.
Published: June 2019

Abstract. This contribution shows the generation of a benchmark dataset using historical images. The difficulties when working with historical images are pointed out and structured in three categories. Especially large viewpoint differences, image artifacts and radiometric differences lead to weak matching results with classical feature matching approaches. The necessity of publishing an own benchmark dataset is emphasized when comparing to existing datasets which are partly using synthetic data, well-known orientation or strictly categorized image differences. The presented image dataset consists at the moment of 24 images which are oriented in image triples using the properties of the Trifocal Tensor as a more stable image geometry. In the following, three different feature detectors and descriptors that have already been proven well on historical images (MSER, ORB, RIFT) are evaluated using the new benchmark dataset. Then, several outlier removal methods were applied on the detected features. The tests show that for the entirety of image pairs RIFT performs slightly better than the other two methods. Nonetheless, for some image pairs MSER significantly improves the matching score but even so, historical image pairs are difficult to be matched with the presented methods due to challenging outlier removal. Still, the estimated projective relative orientation could be used in an autocalibration approach to place the images in a metric scene.
Prediction and variation of auroral oval boundary based on deep learning model and space physical parameters
Authors: Han Yiyuan , Han Bing , Hu Zejun , Gao Xinbo , Zhang Lixia , Yang Huigen , Li Bin
Published: June 2019

Abstract. The auroral oval boundary represents important physical process with implications for the ionosphere and magnetosphere. An automatic auroral oval boundary prediction method based on deep learning in this paper are applied to study the variation of auroral oval boundary, associated with different space physical parameters. We construct an auroral oval boundary dataset to train our proposed model, which consists of 184416 auroral oval boundary points extracted from 3842 UVI images captured by Ultraviolet Imager of the Polar satellite and its corresponding 18 space physical parameters selected from OMNI dataset during December 1996 to March 1997. Furthermore, several statistical experiments and correlation analysis experiment are performed based on our dataset to explore the relationship between space physical parameters and the location of auroral oval boundary. The experiment results show that the prediction model based on deep learning method could estimate auroral oval boundary efficiently, and different space physical parameters have different effects on auroral oval boundary, especially interplanetary magnetic field (IMF), geomagnetic indexes and solar wind parameters.
Active anti-predator behaviour of red titi monkeys (Plecturocebus cupreus)
Authors: Dolotovskaya Sofya , Flores Amasifuen Camilo , Haas Caroline Elisabeth , Nummert Fabian , Heymann Eckhard W.
Published: June 2019

Abstract. Due to their inconspicuous behaviour and colouration, it has been assumed that titi monkeys' main anti-predator behaviour is passive crypsis and hiding. So far, active predator mobbing has been documented only for black-fronted titi monkeys, Callicebus nigrifrons. Here we report for the first time mobbing behaviour of red titi monkeys, Plecturocebus cupreus (previously Callicebus cupreus), as reaction to an ocelot (Leopardus pardalis) and a Boa constrictor. We also report other active anti-predator behaviours, such as alarm calling and approaching, as reactions to tayras (Eira barbara) and raptors. Our observations provide additional evidence for sex differences in anti-predator behaviour, possibly related to the evolution and maintenance of social monogamy.
Crustal-scale depth imaging via joint full-waveform inversion of ocean-bottom seismometer data and pre-stack depth migration of multichannel seismic data: a case study from the eastern Nankai Trough
Authors: Górszczyk Andrzej , Operto Stéphane , Schenini Laure , Yamada Yasuhiro
Published: June 2019

Abstract. Imaging via pre-stack depth migration (PSDM) of reflection towed-streamer multichannel seismic (MCS) data at the scale of the whole crust is inherently difficult. This is because the depth penetration of the seismic wavefield is controlled, firstly, by the acquisition design, such as streamer length and air-gun source configuration, and secondly by the complexity of the crustal structure. Indeed, the limited length of the streamer makes the estimation of velocities from deep targets challenging due to the velocity–depth ambiguity. This problem is even more pronounced when processing 2-D seismic data due to the lack of multi-azimuthal coverage. Therefore, in order to broaden our knowledge about the deep crust using seismic methods, we present the development of specific imaging workflows that integrate different seismic data. Here we propose the combination of velocity model building using (i) first-arrival tomography (FAT) and full-waveform inversion (FWI) of wide-angle, long-offset data collected by stationary ocean-bottom seismometers (OBSs) and (ii) PSDM of short-spread towed-streamer MCS data for reflectivity imaging, with the former velocity model as a background model. We present an application of such a workflow to seismic data collected by the Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC) and the Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER) in the eastern Nankai Trough (Tokai area) during the 2000–2001 Seize France Japan (SFJ) experiment. We show that the FWI model, although derived from OBS data, provides an acceptable background velocity field for the PSDM of the MCS data. From the initial PSDM, we refine the FWI background velocity model by minimizing the residual move-outs (RMOs) picked in the pre-stack-migrated volume through slope tomography (ST), from which we generate a better-focused migrated image. Such integration of different seismic datasets and leading-edge imaging techniques led to greatly improved imaging at different scales. That is, large to intermediate crustal units identified in the high-resolution FWI velocity model extensively complement the short-wavelength reflectivity inferred from the MCS data to better constrain the structural factors controlling the geodynamics of the Nankai Trough.
Sleep mode: Mobile apps and the optimisation of sleep-wake rhythms
Authors: O'Neill Christopher , Nansen Bjorn
Published: June 2019

This article contributes to the critical analysis of sleep and its technological mediation by analysing how sleep is modulated through mobile applications. Drawing on an analysis of the features in the most popular sleep apps in the Apple App store, this paper investigates the dominant types of sleep apps available for everyday use. We analyse how their functions implicate sleeping bodies within new patterns of management and optimisation. We show how sleep apps remediate the monitoring technologies of the sleep science lab to make claims of accuracy and efficacy. However, the analysis also reveals how sleep apps go beyond simply monitoring sleep patterns by directly intervening in and mediating sleep-wake rhythms. This occurs through two key acoustic features common within sleep apps — ‘smart wake up’ alarms and ‘brainwave entrainment’ sound frequencies. We show how these features operate to organise transitions between waking and sleeping states. In doing so, we argue that these functions draw on histories or genealogies of both acoustic media and sleep science in the attempt to optimise the practices and rhythms associated with sleeping bodies.
A data science approach to movies and film director analysis
Authors: May Chris , Shamir Lior
Published: June 2019

The creation of movies involves a careful process of planning, recording, and editing of the visual content. Here we propose a quantitative computer-based analysis of movies to identify similarities that can indicate on influential links between films, genres, or film directors. The method works by first extracting a comprehensive set of numerical image content descriptors from a large number of frames from each movie. Then, the most informative descriptors are selected, and the values of the frames are compared to each other to create a similarity matrix between the movies. The similarity matrix is visualized using a phylogeny to show a network of similarities between movies. Experimental results with a dataset of 104 movies show that the method is able to predict the movie based on a single frame with accuracy of ∼74 percent, and the similarity analysis tends to cluster movies of the same directors or of the same movie series. These results show that computer analysis is able to analyze similarities between movies, providing a quantitative approach to film studies. The automatic association of the movies by directors shows that the film director has stronger influence on the visual outcome than cinematographers or actors.
Morphological and antiradical characteristics of Rugosa rose (Rosa rugosa Thunb.) fruits canned in different kind of honeys and in beverages prepared from honey
Authors: Fatrcová-Šramková Katarí­na , Brindza Ján , Ivanišová Eva , Jurí­ková Tünde , Schwarzová Marianna , Horčinová Sedláčková Vladimí­ra , Grygorieva Olga
Published: June 2019

The aim of the work was to determined the basic morphological and morphometric traits of rugosa rose (Rosa rugosa Thunb.) and antiradical activity of fruit pulp canned in different kind of honeys and in beverages prepared from honey. In experiments there were used 4 genotypes of roses originated from arboretum Mlyňany (Slovakia). The evaluation of 11 morphometric traits of fruit showed that the average weight of the fresh fruit without pedicle reached up 5.14 - 5.46 g, the weight of pedicle was 0.05 - 0.08 g, weight of pulp and seeds 4.80 - 5.13 g, weight of calyx 0.25 - 0.31 g, length and width of fruit (16.10 - 18.13 mm, 21.38 - 22.46 mm), the number of seeds in fruit 48.45 - 71.05, thickness of pulp 2.63 - 2.97 mm. Separated fruit pulp was canned at 40 °C and 80 °C and premixed in robinia honey and honeydew honey. Beverages were prepared by mixture of fruit pulp in honey (15 g) with cold water (150 mL). Antiradical activity was determined by DPPH method in fruit pulp (in methyl alcohol and water extracts), in honeys (black locust honey and honeydew honey) and beverages. There had been confirmed statistically significant differences in morphological traits, especially in colour and shape of fruit. Antiradical activity of fresh fruit pulp in methyl alcohol extract was determined 94.59%, in water extract 89.71%. Antiradical activity of black locust honey was 7.63%, honeydew honey 6.54%. Antiradical activity was determined also adding honeydew honey and black locust honey to fresh pulp of fruit prepared at 80 °C (33.55% and 77.58%). In beverages prepared from fresh pulp, honey and water it was investigated the higher values of antiradical activity in samples with addition of honeydew honey (81.81 - 83.86%) in comparison with robinia honey (75.57 - 79.96%).
Assessment of the Adoption and Implementation of IFRS for Small and Medium Scale Entities (SMEs). “A Study of Selected SMEs GA East of Ghana”
Authors: Mawutor John Kwaku Mensah , Wlliams Siaw , Oduwaa Mensah Anita
Published: June 2019

The IFRS for SMEs is an important element for attaining competitive advantage, attracting investors and gaining access to financial assistance in today’s world of competitive business irrespective of their size. The study assessed the adoption and implementation challenges of IFRS for SMEs among SMES in GA East (Madina). To assess the adoption and implementation benefits and challenges, a qualitative research and conceptual and theoretical framework was developed. These guided the design of the data collection instrument to suit the research. The study collected primary data by conducting interviews on 20 respondents. Purposive sampling techniques were used to select the firms. Data collected as transcribed and coded into the Nvivo software. The study revealed that, about 60% of Small and medium entities in Madina do not have knowledge about the IFRS for SMEs. The study further revealed that meeting regulatory requirements and avoiding noncompliance cost were some of the factors that necessitated firms with little knowledge on the standard to adopt it.
How do Indian firms cope with a crisis? - Earnings management characteristics of CNX Nifty 100 companies
Authors: MITTAL AMIT , GARG AJAY KUMAR
Published: June 2019

How do Indian Firms Cope with a Crisis? - Earnings Management Characteristics of CNX Nifty 100 Companies
Preservice Teacher Self-Efficacy for Enhancing Students’ Long-Term Interest in Science
Authors: Jean-Baptiste Davis , Palmer David , Archer Jennifer
Published: June 2019

There is currently a great concern among educationalists regarding the widespread decline in student interest in school science. As a result of this decline, our future teachers will be faced with the challenge of enhancing their students’ long-term interest in science. Yet it is not known whether they will have the dispositions necessary to achieve this. Teacher self-efficacy is known to be a relatively accurate predictor of teacher behaviour. The purpose of this study was to investigate preservice teachers’ self-efficacy for enhancing students’ long-term interest in science. The participants were 121 preservice primary teachers and 31 preservice secondary science teachers. Quantitative data were gathered using a survey, and qualitative data were gathered by interviews with 13 participants. It was found that both primary and secondary preservice teachers had moderately positive self-efficacy. This was a welcome finding, because it suggests that if these levels of self-efficacy are maintained, then once they become practicing teachers they will have the necessary disposition to make vigorous efforts to enhance their future students’ interest in science.
Recognition of Learner and Teacher in Rural Junior-High School for the 2015 Revised Curriculum of South Korea
Authors: Kim JuSeuk
Published: June 2019

This study examines students' perceptions of the revision of the 2015 curriculum and draws out a task to create a positive impact on career paths of the students. For this purpose, this study selected three autonomous junior high schools in rural areas of Jeonbuk province and conducted questionnaires on students and teachers. In particular, the results of the survey on the policy of free semester, integration policy of the humanities track and science track, and career education policy showed the students' positive expectation for the revision of the curriculum in 2015. Therefore, the following survey results were obtained. First, we could confirm a very positive reaction in the free semester. Second, there is a difference in the pros and cons of the autonomous junior high schools regarding the integration policy. In particular, the integration policy of the humanities track and science track shows that there is a positive expectation for career advancement. On the contrary, the perception that there is a concern about the effect on career is also investigated. Third, we could confirm the general lack of understanding about career education policy. Therefore, it can be confirmed that it is necessary to secure the justification for future career education, to promote active career education, and to follow-up policy for continuous career activities. Therefore, this paper suggests more active promotion and approach related to career policy.
Breve historia de los caballeros templarios
Authors: Barraza Ibarra Jorge
Published: June 2019

En el siglo XI era una costumbre arraigada las peregrinaciones a los lugares sagrados, especialmente Roma, Santiago de Compostela y los santos lugares en Jerusalén.En esos años Tierra Santa se encontraba bajo el dominio de los califas abbasies de Bagdad que, a pesar de profesar la religión del islam no tuvieron inconvenientes en respetar y favorecer las peregrinaciones cristianas a sus dominios por los significativos ingresos que éstas representaban.A mediados del siglo los belicosos e intolerantes turcos selyúcidas, una dinastía que no conservó la apertura y tolerancia de la religión islámica, se apoderó de toda la región. Este hecho sirvió para desatar una serie de guerras religiosas cuyo propósito visible era el rescate de los lugares santos para la cristiandad.En el fondo las verdaderas causas de las Cruzadas fueron económicas, sociales y políticas; las motivaciones religiosas no fueron más que un pretexto para lanzar a miles de creyentes a una aventura sin sentido.
Presentación Dossier: El humanismo desde América Latina
Authors: Samour Héctor
Published: June 2019

No abstract available
Realidad: Revista de Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades No. 152, 2018: 5-17
Ignacio Ellacuría: un humanismo latinoamericano del siglo XX
Authors: Arpini Adriana María
Published: June 2019

We maintain that Ignacio Ellacuría is a humanist, although not in the fashion of Classic, Renaissance or Enlightenment cultures, but in the disruptive and critical way that identifies the XXth Century Latin American Humanism. After assessing the criteria for the characterization of an emerging humanism in our America, we analyze some of Ellacuría’s writings seeking the specific characteristics of our humanism in the XXth Century.
Realidad: Revista de Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades No. 152, 2018: 95-112
Les bords de la fiction, de Jacques Rancière
Authors: Baldovinos Ricardo Roque
Published: June 2019

No abstract available
Realidad: Revista de Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades No. 152, 2018: 205-208
Integração e gerenciamento de dados: uma proposta de aplicação em city information modeling
Authors: Martins Igor Pereira , Mendes Junior Ricardo
Published: June 2019

O presente projeto busca relatar os referenciais e metodologias a serem utilizados na construção de um trabalho de dissertação deste autor no programa de mestrado em Gestão da Informação na Universidade Federal do Paraná. Como proposta está o aprofundamento das discussões urbanas, onde mais especificamente será feito uso da ferramenta de City Information Modeling. Está presente neste um breve relato acerca das questões urbanas e dos setores que envolvem essa temática. Então é relatado sobre a necessidade de novos modelos para análise dos problemas que envolvem as cidades. É apresentado, dessa forma, a ferramenta de City Information Modeling como uma maneira de auxiliar no desenvolvimento de novas propostas e apresentação de soluções modernas às questões relacionadas à gestão urbana. Contudo, para um funcionamento eficiente de ferramentas deste tipo se faz necessário a integração dos mais diferentes tipos de dados gerados e disponibilizados nos espaços urbanos. Desta forma são feitas propostas metodológicas para posterior desenvolvimento do trabalho final onde será gerado um modelo de integração de dados para cidades, com uma aplicação deste modelo na cidade de Curitiba e possíveis implementações em outras cidades brasileiras, aprofundando as discussões sobre City Information Modeling e sobre novas formas de percepção de problemas urbanos para melhor modelagem de políticas públicas.
GEOMETRIC EVALUATION OF FOUR STAGGERED CYLINDERS ARRAY SUBJECTED TO FORCED CONVECTIVE FLOWS BY MEANS OF CONSTRUCTAL DESIGN
Authors: Aghenese A. P. D. , Teixeira F. B. , Rocha L. A. O. , Isoldi L. A. , Prolo Filho J. F. , Santos E. D. dos
Published: June 2019

This work presents a numerical study on the geometric evaluation of forced convective flows over four staggered arrangement of four cylinders. The forced convective flow is considered incompressible, two-dimensional, laminar and unsteady. Geometry varies according to Constructal Design method. The objectives are the maximization of Nusselt number (NuD) and minimization of drag coefficient (CD) between the cylinders and the surrounding flow. Simulations were performed considering Reynolds numbers of ReD = 10, 40 and 150 and air as working fluid, i.e., Prandtl number is assumed Pr = 0.71. The problem presents three degrees of freedom: ST/D (ratio between transversal pitch of the intermediate cylinders and the cylinders diameter), SL1/D (ratio between the frontal and intermediate cylinders longitudinal pitch and the cylinders diameter) and SL2/D (ratio between the intermediate and posterior cylinders longitudinal pitch and the cylinders diameter). However, SL1/D and SL2/D measures were kept fixed at 1.5 and ST/D varies in the range 1.5 ≤ ST/D ≤ 5.0. The conservation equations of mass, momentum and energy conservation are solved with the Finite Volume Method (FVM). Optimal results for fluid-dynamic study in all ReD cases occurred for the lowest values of ST/D, i.e., (ST/D)o,f = 1.5. For thermal analysis, NuD behavior was assessed, where optimal results for ReD = 10 and 40 occurred for the highest values of ST/D, whilst, for ReD = 150, the optimal value was achieved for the intermediate ratio of ST/D = 4.0.
CONSTRUCTAL DESIGN OF FINS IN COOLED CAVITIES BY NON-NEWTONIAN FLUIDS
Authors: Bueno J. F. , Silva A. R. S. , Hirt T. A. , Bogo G. F. C. , Zinani F. S. F. , Rocha L. A. O.
Published: June 2019

The present work investigates the Construtal Design of fins inserted in cavities submitted to mixed convection by non-Newtonian fluids. The objective is to obtain the optimum aspect ratio for the fin considering different flow conditions and variations in the rheological parameters of the fluid. The phenomena of flow and heat transfer are modeled by mass balance, momentum and energy equations, and by the generalized Newtonian liquid constitutive equation. The viscosity is modeled as that of a pseudoplastic fluid, using the Carreau function. The optimization problem consists in maximizing heat transfer from the fin using the average Nusselt number. The investigated project variable is the aspect ratio between the edges of the rectangular plane fin profile. The restrictions are the volume of the cavity and the fin. The results are obtained numerically using a finite volume code and a two-dimensional geometry, through exhaustive searching. The results show that the fin geometry influences the maximum Nusselt number mainly for the cases with high Reynolds and Rayleigh numbers, such as was shown in previous studies. The results show that the fin geometry influences the maximum Nusselt number mainly for the cases with high Reynolds and Rayleigh numbers, as was shown in previous studies. It was also found that the Nusselt number increases as the increase in flow intensity, represented by the parameter p, and that the result of the maximum Nusselt number does not change monotonically with the non-Newtonian dimensionless viscosity and with the flow index, showing that the pseudoplasticity of the fluid implies optimal configurations very different from those predicted for Newtonian fluids.
Early Results of Bridge Plating of Humerus Diaphyseal Fractures by MIPO Technique
Authors: Mehraj Misbah , Shah Iqra , Mohd John , Rasool Shoukat
Published: June 2019

Background. Anterior bridge plating with minimally invasive technique in humeral shaft fractures is reported as an acceptable, less traumatic and reproducible procedure by several authors. We have evaluated the clini­cal, radiological, and functional outcome of such fractures in eleven patients, all of which were managed with dynamic compression plates over an average follow-up period of 22 months. Material and methods. Forty patients with humerus shaft fractures managed by anterior bridge plating using the MIPO technique between 2014 and 2016 were included in this series. All cases were treated with closed reduction and 10-12 hole 4.5mm dynamic compression plate fixation over anterolateral aspect in bridging mode using the MIPO technique. The UCLA shoulder and Mayo elbow performance scores were used for assessing shoulder and elbow function. Results. Of the forty patients followed up for a minimum of 18 months in the study, 26 were males and 14 were females. The mean age was 34.3 years (range 20 to 53 years). 24 out of the forty patients (60%) had the dominant side fractured. The mean surgical time was 72.5 minutes (range: 45–100 minutes) and mean radiation exposure was 160 seconds (range: 100–220 seconds). The mean radiological fracture union time was 13 weeks (range: 8–18 weeks). Shoulder function based on the UCLA score was excellent to good in 33 cases (82.5%), fair in 6 cases (15%) and one patient (2.5%) developed infection for which the plate was removed prematurely at the 4th month and the wound was meticulously debrided and then managed conservatively. Road traffic accident (RTA) was the most common mode of injury, found in 27 cases; 12 patients sustained blunt trauma due to a fall; one patient sustained an injury following a direct blow by stick.
Conclusions. 1. The mini-incision anterior bridge technique for humeral shaft fractures gives good functional results and should be considered an effective, cosmetically advanced surgical option in the treatment of humeral shaft fractures. 2. The mini-incision anterior bridge technique is a safe and less method for simple types of humeral shaft fractures when the surgeon is experienced in the technique.
The Use of Qualitative Indicators in Banking Rating Systems
Authors: Svítil Martin
Published: June 2019

The article compares internal rating systems of three banks from the German-speaking region, continuing with last year's research. In this paper a detailed analysis of qualitative indicators (soft - facts) is made. These qualitative indicators, as one of the two main components of banking rating systems have the wage of between 30% and 50% of the overall rating score. This makes this part of rating certainly important enough to be further researched.  The research is focused on the rating of business entities, more precisely the corporate, (especially limited liability companies or joint-stock companies). It does not deal with the rating of natural persons or non-profit organizations, municipalities etc. The procedure of collecting empirical data as well as data from relevant literature, their assessment according to the criteria of verifiability and relevance and the application of the induction method was used and a generalization of conclusions was subsequently made. The goal of this research was to find out if the structure of used qualitative factors (soft- facts) is similar or even the same across the rating systems included in the comparison and what weights of individual factors are used. The result of the research shows that two categories of qualitative indicators (soft - facts) are present in all considered rating systems: (i) quality of company’s management and / or strategy and (ii) market on which the bank client operates. (iii) Accounting or related indicators like information system or audit quality also play a significant role in rating systems. On the other hand, the use of the factor (iv) relationship with the bank (or similar) is quite different across the rating systems included in the research. The number and structure of guidance questions that help risk-management analysts determine indicator values also differ. In one case, there is an extensive catalog of questions with a standardized set of responses. In other cases, the number of questions is lower and each one has its specific variation of the predefined answers the analyst selects from.
Profitability of Sector Mutual Funds and ETFs During Market Development and Length of Investment Horizon
Authors: Širůček Martin , Vystoupil Jan , Strejček Petr
Published: June 2019

This paper focuses on the profitability of investments into IT, finance, healthcare and consumer goods oriented active and passive mutual funds and ETFs and their profit/loss in different market situations (growing, stagnant and decreasing markets).The aim of the paper is to set recommendations for investors as regards which instrument (active or passive mutual fund or ETFs) brings higher return or lower loss over the time and market development and if investors can expect different results based on the sector orientation, which sector is more sensitive to bullish or bearish trends. Our results show that neither ETF nor passive mutual funds were able to beat the market, as the sector index brings better results than these investments in all situations. Within bearish trend, all sector ETFs and passive mutual funds bring the same results as sector index, only active managed mutual funds bring better results. The lowest loss during this period was achieved by active managed mutual funds focusing on healthcare. Bullish and stagnant markets bring quite the same results, but passive funds and ETF are more profitable than active mutual funds in growing markets.
Uso de Células-Tronco fetais no tratamento da leucemia
Authors: Aguiar Jéssica Diniz , Andrade Simone Pôssas
Published: June 2019

No Brasil e em todo o mundo, há pacientes que sofrem com doenças onco-hematológicas, a exemplo de Mielofibrose primária, Mieloma múltiplo, Leucemia e outras patologias, e diariamente nos diversos meios de comunicação, ouvimos falar sobre o congelamento do sangue do cordão umbilical, e isso se dá pelo seu potencial terapêutico. Também se sabe que a extração de Células-Tronco embrionárias ainda é discutida em debates éticos, ao passo que a obtenção de Células-Tronco retiradas diretamente da medula óssea causa certa aversão e temor à população,; além disso, ratifica-se que as Células-Tronco adultas têm suas diversas fontes limitadas. Nisto, encaixa-se as Células-Tronco fetais; essas podem gerar uma cópia idêntica para distingui-la em vários tipos de tecidos. É a sua natureza que, como as células estaminais fetais, são classificadas como adultas e podem ser removidas do cordão umbilical e placenta. Levando em consideração esses aspectos, este trabalho irá contribuir com a comunidade científica pelo fato de enfatizar que as Células-Tronco fetais resignam os empecilhos que as Células-Tronco embrionárias e as Células-Tronco adultas provindas da medula óssea, e outras fontes, apresentam. O trabalho será desenvolvido com base em uma pesquisa bibliográfica, qualitativa, descritiva e exploratória, sendo utilizados livros, revistas e artigos referentes ao assunto estudado.
X-ray Computed Tomography InstrumentPerformance Evaluation, Part I: Sensitivity
to Detector Geometry Errors
Authors: Muralikrishnan Bala , Shilling Megan , Phillips Steve , Ren Wei , Lee Vincent , Kim Felix
Published: June 2019

X-ray computed tomography (XCT), long used in medical imaging and defect
inspection, is now increasingly used for dimensional measurements of geometrical
features in engineering components. With widespread use of XCT instruments, there is
growing need for the development of standardized test procedures to verify
manufacturer specifications and provide pathways to establish metrological
traceability. As technical committees within the American Society of Mechanical
Engineers (ASME) and the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) are
developing documentary standards that include test procedures that are sensitive to
all known error sources, we report on work exploring one set of error sources,
instrument geometry errors, and their effect on dimensional measurements. In
particular, we studied detector and rotation stage errors in cone-beam XCT
instruments and determined their influence on sphere center-to-center distance
errors and sphere form errors for spheres located in the tomographically
reconstructed measurement volume. We developed a novel method, called the
single-point ray tracing method, that allows for efficient determination of the
sphere center-to-center distance error and sphere form error in the presence of each
of the different geometry errors in an XCT instrument. In Part I of this work, we
(1) describe the single-point ray tracing method, (2) discuss optimal placement of
spheres so that sphere center-to-center distance errors and sphere form errors are
sensitive to the different detector geometry errors, and (3) present data validating
our method against the more conventional radiograph-based tomographic reconstruction
method. In Part II of this work, we discuss optimal placement of spheres so that
sphere center-to-center distance errors and sphere form errors are sensitive to
error sources associated with the rotation stage. This work is in support of ongoing
standards development activity within ASME and ISO for XCT performance
evaluation.
Physiological and anatomical investigation of the auditory brainstem in the Fat-tailed Dunnart (Sminthopsis crassicaudata)
Authors: Garrett Andrew , Lannigan Virginia , Yates Nathanael , Rodger Jennifer , Mulders Wilhelmina
Published: June 2019

The fat-tailed Dunnart (Sminthopsis crassicaudata) is a small (10-20g) native marsupial endemic to the south west of Western Australia. Currently little is known about the auditory capabilities of the dunnart, and of marsupials in general. Consequently, this study sought to investigate several electrophysiological and anatomical properties of the dunnart auditory system. Auditory brainstem responses (ABR) were recorded to brief (5ms) tone pips at a range of frequencies (4-47.5 kHz) and intensities to determine auditory brainstem thresholds. The dunnart ABR displayed multiple distinct peaks at all test frequencies, similar to other mammalian species. ABR showed the dunnart is most sensitive to higher frequencies increasing up to 47.5 kHz. Morphological observations (Nissl stain) revealed that the auditory structures thought to contribute to the first peaks of the ABR were all distinguishable in the dunnart. Structures identified include the dorsal and ventral subdivisions of the cochlear nucleus, including a cochlear nerve root nucleus as well as several distinct nuclei in the superior olivary complex, such as the medial nucleus of the trapezoid body, lateral superior olive and medial superior olive. This study is the first to show functional and anatomical aspects of the lower part of the auditory system in the Fat-tailed Dunnart.